bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of transurethral bipolar surgery and laser technologies in the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Suleimanov Suleiman I. , Aguzarov Alan M. , Ashurov Zaur I. , Babkin Aleksandr S. , Bagaturiya Konstantin K. , Musokhranov Vladislav V. , Tyagun Alexander A. , Fedorov Dmitry A.
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is common middle-aged and elderly men. In modern urology, transurethral resection and its modifications are used in surgical treatment of BPH. In the last decades, an active tendency of laser technologies development in urology was noted. The search for the most appropriate techniques of transurethral removal of prostate adenoma by comparing the results of treatment of patients with the use of different technologies remains relevant.
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of transurethral bipolar surgery and laser technologies in the treatment of BPH.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Transurethral enucleation of the prostate using various technologies was performed in 273 patients with BPH between 2021 and 2023: 94 patients underwent bipolar transurethral enucleation of the prostate, 87 underwent thulium enucleation of the prostate (ThuLEP), and 92 underwent holmium enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP).
RESULTS: Clinical evaluation showed the absence of intraoperative complications. For ThuLEP, a trend toward shorter operative times compared to other techniques was observed. In the early postoperative period, significant bleeding was noted in six cases of using bipolar technology, three cases of using a thulium laser, and five cases of using a holmium laser. An examination of patients 6 months postsurgery showed pronounced positive dynamics in all three groups. No significant differences were found in clinical parameters 6 months postsurgery in patients of different groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Bipolar enucleation of the prostate, ThuLEP, and HoLEP are comparable in effectiveness and the number of complications in the surgical treatment of BPH. Study results indicated that it is advisable to actively use these methods in wide clinical practice.
Influence of significant difference in diameters of ureters on the possibility and effectiveness of ureteroureterostomy in the treatment of obstructive uropathies of the duplicated kidney
Authors: Kagantsov Iliya M. , Kondrateva Evgeniya A. , Karavaeva Svetlana A. , Sukhotskaya Anna A. , Smyslova Lidiya V. , Pervunina Tatiana M.
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy is increasingly used as a surgical correction method for obstructive uropathies of the duplicated kidney. A complicating factor for this technique may be a significant difference between the diameters of the ureters.
AIM: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy in patients with obstructive uropathies of the duplicated kidney with a twofold or more difference in ureter diameters.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 14 children who underwent laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy for obstructive uropathies of the duplicated kidney at Almazov National Medical Research Centre between 2021 and 2023, in 10 patients (71.4%), the diameter of the “donor” ureter exceeded the diameter of the “recipient” ureter two times or more.
RESULTS: In most patients, the indication for surgery was obstructive megaureter of the segment. All patients underwent laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy, proximal in 90% of cases and distal in one child. One of five patients underwent transurethral resection of the ureterocele as the first stage of operative treatment. The only complication observed in the postoperative period in the presented patients was a stent-associated urinary tract infection, which was treated conservatively. One child (10%) required ureter reimplantation with stump resection after ureteroureterostomy.
CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy is a safe and effective method for surgical correction of obstructive uropathies of the duplicated kidney although a significant difference is noted between the diameters of the “donor” and “recipient” ureters. This factor does not reduce the effectiveness of ureteroureterostomy and does not lead to an increased risk of postoperative complications and reoperations. Thus, laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy can be used in patients with obstructive uropathies of the duplicated kidney.
Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction
Authors: Aliev Ruslan R. , Neymark Alexandr I. , Davydov Andrei V.
Published: August 2024

A review of modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction is presented. Data regarding the diagnostic value of noninvasive and invasive diagnostic techniques are displayed: stamp test, Snap-Gauge test, use of the RigiScan and Androscan-MIT systems, intracavernous injections of vasoactive drugs, Doppler ultrasound of penile vessels, penile angiography, and magnetic resonance arteriography. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these tests are shown. The main directions of conservative and surgical treatment of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction are presented. Notably, early detection of erectile dysfunction with the prescription of appropriate treatment can improve the quality of life of patients and prevent life-threatening complications of cardiovascular conditions.
Approbation and validation of Russian version of the interstitial cystitis symptoms and problem index
Authors: Bekker Natalia A. , Filippova Ekaterina S. , Zyrianov Aleksandr V. , Bazhenov Igor V. , Makaryan Albert A.
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND: Improving the effectiveness of diagnosing and treating patients with primary bladder pain syndrome is crucial in current urology owing to the high prevalence of the condition, its significant impact on the quality of life, and the similarity of its clinical manifestations to other diseases. The clinical manifestations of primary bladder pain syndrome is typically evaluated using specialized questionnaires, with one of the most commonly utilized being the Interstitial Cystitis Symptoms and Problem Index.
AIM: This study aimed to validate the Russian version of the Interstitial Cystitis Symptoms and Problem Index and thus assess its reliability and validity in accurately measuring the symptoms and problems associated with interstitial cystitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 62 participants and divided them into two groups. Group A included 32 patients diagnosed with primary bladder pain syndrome, comprising 26 women and 6 men, with an average age of 55 years. Group B consisted of 30 conditionally healthy volunteers, comprising 20 men and 10 women, with an average age of 46 years. All participants were required to complete the Russian version of the Interstitial Cystitis Symptoms and Problem Index, Pelvic Pain and Urgency/Frequency (PUF) scale, and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and maintain a voiding diary. Additionally, patients with PBPS underwent cystoscopy with bladder hydrodistention. Data collected from the participants were utilized to determine the internal consistency, external validity, and test–retest reliability of the questionnaires using the interclass correlation coefficient.
RESULTS: The mean of the Interstitial Cystitis Symptoms and Problem Index total in group A was 31.55 ± 7.07, which significantly (p 0.001) exceeded the score of group B (2.90 ± 1.47). The Cronbach’s alpha of the total and “ICSI” and “ICPI” domains was 0.990, 0.834, and 0.854 respectively, confirming the high internal consistency of the Russian version of the Interstitial Cystitis Symptoms and Problem Index. External validity was verified by the relevant correlations with other questionnaires. Moreover, the total score of the questionnaire correlated with the clinical manifestations of primary bladder pain syndrome, the presence of Hunner’s lesions, and bladder capacity.
CONCLUSIONS: The study findings indicate that the Russian version of the Interstitial Cystitis Symptoms and Problem Index exhibits good validity and reliability. Therefore, it can be recommended for use in clinical practice as an effective tool for assessing symptoms and problems associated with interstitial cystitis.
Analysis of the experience of robot-assisted cystectomy with various types of urine derivation
Authors: Monakov Dmitry M. , Savin Leonid T. , Kochetov Aleksandr G. , Karelskaya Natalia A. , Dmitrieva Tata A. , Oganyan Vardan A. , Magomedov Radzhab N. , Gritskevich Aleksandr A.
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND: Radical cystectomy is the main treatment for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Robot-assisted operations have become increasingly widespread; thus, an analysis of the results of using this technique is required.
AIM: To analyze our experience with robot-assisted radical cystectomy with different types of urinary diversion and compare the results to those obtained by other centers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The treatment results of 23 patients who underwent robot-assisted cystectomy with various types of urine derivation for bladder cancer between 2021 and 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS: Patients who had the Studer urinary reservoir formed were slightly younger and had better functional status and a higher body mass index. Additionally, there were more patients of the very high-risk cT1 stage. In patients who underwent ureterocutaneostomy, stages sT3–4 were more common. The average duration of the operation was 418.2 minutes. The longest duration (533.5 minutes) was observed during the formation of the urinary reservoir and the shortest (294.3 minutes) during ureterocutaneostomy. The smallest (200 ml) and largest (3,500 ml) blood loss occurred in patients who underwent Bricker ileal conduit formation. Ten conversions to open surgery (5 in the group of patients who had a urinary reservoir and 5 in ileoconduit) were noted. Nine patients developed postoperative complications, with seven exhibiting Clavien–Dindo grade IIIa–IIIb complications. The median follow-up was 19.7 months. Disease progression occurred in two (9%) patients. One patient died 1.5 years after surgery due to underlying disease progression.
CONCLUSIONS: Robot-assisted cystectomy is currently limited to specialized centers. The exchange of experience between them and its analysis are crucial to assess the immediate and long-term results of this technique and determine the category of patients who will benefit most from its application.
The 16 September 2023 Greenland Megatsunami: Analysis and Modeling of the Source and a Week-Long, Monochromatic Seismic Signal
Authors: Carrillo-Ponce Angela , Heimann Sebastian , Petersen Gesa M. , Walter Thomas R. , Cesca Simone , Dahm Torsten
Published: August 2024

On 16 September 2023, a cascade of events occurred in East Greenland, involving a large tsunami that hit a military unit. Here, we use seismic waveform data recorded on regional to global scales and compare to high-resolution satellite images to learn about the cascade of events. We find two distinct seismic signals and develop a conceptual and physical model explaining the observations: initially, the high-energy seismic signals (0.02–0.06 Hz) occurred, followed by an over one-week-long monochromatic signal (0.0109 Hz) recorded even at 5000 km distance. Our single force (SF) inversions characterize both an initial rockslide and the one-week-long seiche oscillation processes. The rockslide signal is well reproduced by west and downward SF, with an orientation consistent with observations on satellite imagery. The amplitude decay of the week-long oscillation, stacked at three teleseismic arrays, is fitted with a damped oscillator model. Using a simple analytical model of water seiching in a narrow fjord, we can explain the force direction and frequency consistent with the results from SF inversion.
New systemic treatment options for advanced cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zanuso Valentina , Tesini Giulia , Valenzi Elena , Rimassa Lorenza
Published: August 2024

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare and aggressive cancer, mostly diagnosed at advanced or metastatic stage, at which point systemic treatment represents the only therapeutic option. Chemotherapy has been the backbone of advanced CCA treatment. More recently, immunotherapy has changed the therapeutic landscape, as immune checkpoint inhibitors have yielded the first improvement in survival and currently, the addition of either durvalumab or pembrolizumab to standard of care cisplatin plus gemcitabine represents the new first-line treatment option. However, the use of immunotherapy in subsequent lines has not demonstrated its efficacy and therefore, it is not approved, except for pembrolizumab in the selected microsatellite instability-high population. In addition, advances in comprehensive genomic profiling have led to the identification of targetable genetic alterations, such as isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), proto-oncogene B-Raf (BRAF), neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK), rearranged during transfection (RET), Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS), and mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), thus favoring the development of a precision medicine approach in previously treated patients. Despite these advances, the use of molecularly driven agents is limited to a subgroup of patients. This review aims to provide an overview of the newly approved systemic therapies, the ongoing studies, and future research challenges in advanced CCA management.
URBAN EXPANSION AND SOCIO-SPATIAL SEGREGATION IN A MEDIUM CITY IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL
Authors: De moura Vogt Helena , L.L. da Silveira Rogerio , De Moura Vogt Camila
Published: August 2024

Despite strategies to promote sustainable urban development and the best planning intention in the main cities, Brazil’s urbanisation has contributed to more socio and spatially segregated cities. In this way, the present study makes a social-special diagnostic of a medium city in the south of Brazil from the urbanisation process until it is led to a segregation, fragmentation, and dispersion city. Data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Google satellite images, and the City Hall of Santa Cruz do Sul were used along with semi-structured interviews with city agents. Our diagnostic shows that a network of agents is the component that interferes in the urbanisation process through beliefs, profits, fears, and relationships, contributing to a more segregated city throughout its urbanisation process.Keywords: Urban Territorial Expansion; Network of Social Agents; Socio-spatial segregation.
Redefining evaluation: Programmatic assessment in Indian medical education
Authors: Singh Rajkumar Arbind
Published: August 2024

Programmatic assessment represents a modern approach to evaluation and learning, emphasizing continuous data collection and analysis of a learner's skills and development. This method integrates various assessment tools to provide comprehensive feedback, supporting both learners and mentors in making informed decisions. Unlike traditional methods that focus heavily on summative evaluations and knowledge acquisition, programmatic assessment aims to holistically assess competencies, including affective and practical skills. This review explores the principles of programmatic assessment, particularly within the context of medical education in India, where it addresses the shortcomings of traditional curricula by offering meaningful feedback and fostering self-directed learning.

A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing on articles published between 2010 and 2023. The findings indicate that programmatic assessment is being increasingly adopted by medical schools globally, enhancing learning through continuous feedback and data-driven decisions. Various assessment methods, such as multiple-choice questions, essays, practical exams, and workplace-based assessments, are used to evaluate a student's overall competence comprehensively. The approach aligns with competency-based education models, emphasizing continuous learning progression and reflective practices.

Programmatic assessment encourages interdisciplinary collaboration and strengthens the educational framework by integrating multiple low-stakes assessments that contribute to high-stakes decisions. This method provides a dynamic and holistic evaluation system that prepares students for their future roles in healthcare by ensuring that assessments are both meaningful and developmentally supportive. As Indian medical education evolves to meet global standards, programmatic assessment offers a viable solution for achieving high-quality, competency-based education, fostering continuous improvement, and preparing students for lifelong learning and professional practice.
Analyzing FDA form 483 data of 2023: Identifying trends and areas of concern in regulatory compliance
Authors: Mahfuz ul Alam ABM
Published: August 2024

This study scrutinizes a dataset originating from the FDA's Form 483 to discern nuanced trends and areas of concern within the realm of regulatory compliance. The dataset encompasses 1983 observations categorized across ten subparts, allowing for a quantitative evaluation of prevalent issues in each section. Subparts J, F, and I emerge prominently, collectively constituting 53.8% of all observations, indicating their significance in regulatory oversight.

The analysis provides specific quantitative values that shed light on the severity and repetition of observed issues. Subpart J stands out with the highest single repetition, registering at 114, suggesting persistent challenges that warrant close attention. Furthermore, the sum of the top three observations, totaling 1067 across Subparts J, F, and I, highlights the cumulative impact of these areas on overall compliance.

This quantitative approach contributes to a nuanced understanding of compliance challenges, allowing stakeholders to strategically allocate resources. The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions, particularly in Subparts J, F, and I, where elevated counts and percentages signal potential systemic issues. The concentration of observations in the top three subparts underscores the importance of collaborative efforts among stakeholders to proactively address and rectify these challenges, fostering sustained improvements in regulatory compliance and upholding the integrity of FDA-regulated products.
Biomagnification of mercury in aquatic ecosystem and effect on human being
Authors: Yadav Upasana , Gupta Shweta
Published: August 2024

The problem of mercury biomagnification poses a significant risk that needs to be addressed immediately. This paper summarizes, in brief, the mercury biomagnification process, its effects on water ecosystems, and potential health hazards associated with the consumption of mercury-contaminated fish. Methylmercury, the more toxic form, is slowly becoming more widespread as it moves up the aquaculture food chain and reaches greater concentrations in larger predator species posing significant risks to aquatic life as well as humans and other animals. We are looking at the mechanisms and variables that affect bioavailability, including fish populations and bird species, as well as effects on aquatic biodiversity. In addition, we assess possible health risks to human beings, particularly for children and women of childbearing age. In conclusion, the techniques to reduce mercury biomagnification in light of international initiatives such as the Minamata Convention on climate change are explored in order to solve this problematic environmental problem. Thorough knowledge of mercury biomagnification is a necessity, which underlines the need for consistent management of marine ecosystems in order to perform efficient conservation efforts and lay down necessary health regulations in order to avoid profound health implications for human beings.
Guía para el desarrollo de planes de movilidad urbana sostenible en ciudades paraguayas
Authors: Burgos Martí Francisco , Rosas-Satizábal Daniel , Bolaños-Salamanca Carol , Rodríguez María Alejandra , Páez Andrés
Published: August 2024

Este documento es una guía que busca orientar a los municipios del Paraguay en los procesos de planificación del transporte, con la intención de mejorar la accesibilidad y la calidad de vida de la población, a través de la adopción de medidas efectivas de movilidad sostenible y desarrollo urbano. La guía se nutrió de reuniones con entidades de gobierno nacional del Paraguay, entidades de planificación y representantes de los transportistas de las ciudades, principalmente de Asunción. Estas entidades reconocen la necesidad de desarrollar medidas de movilidad urbana sostenible, que mejoren la calidad de vida de las personas y reduzcan la cantidad de Gases de Efecto Invernadero (GEI) producida por el sector transporte. No obstante, la mayoría de los gobiernos locales desconoce la importancia de la planificación a largo plazo en sus territorios, la relevancia de los datos y la coordinación institucional requerida para lograr una articulación deseable para la formulación e implementación de un plan de movilidad urbana sostenible.
Thermal Convection in Porous Cavity with Heated Block
Authors: Paul Joydip , Saha Debajit , Majumder Abhijit , Samanta Hiranmoy , Mandal Binoy
Published: August 2024

This work investigates mixed convection numerically using a heated square cylinder at the middle of a vented cavity filled with fluid-saturated porous media. External cold fluid enters into the cavity through the opening located either at the bottom wall or at the bottom and side walls, whereas the hot plume is vented through an opening at the top wall. All the walls of the cavity are insulated. The governing equations are solved by in-house code. Flow through porous medium has been modeled using Brinkman-Forchheimer-Darcy Model (BFDM). The influence of flow parameters (Reynolds number Re = 10–500, Richardson number Ri = 0.1–100) and porous-medium parameters (Darcy number Da = 10-7–10-3, porosity e = 0.1–1) and inlet openings are investigated systematically. It is observed that the heat transfer increases as Ri and Re increase.
A Review on Techniques of Power Transmission Lines Congestion Management in Deregulated Electricity Market
Authors: Das Partha , Mitra Rituparna , Dey Basudeb , Das Sudip , Pal Biswamoy , Sasmal Milan , Upadhaya Debodyuti , Roy Gargi , Pandey Aditya , Roy Bikramjit
Published: August 2024

The idea of market power has gained its significance after the electric power industry started a practice of transition and restructuring since early Nineteen ninety. In this competitive electricity market, the physical and operational the constraints of the network hold key intimidation to the market by the generation companies. The growth of deregulated power systems has an outcome in terms of overloading transmission networks or network congestion. Congestion has severe effects on power systems, which includes rigorous system damage. Congestion take place when transmission systems fail to deliver power based on the load demand. These problems can be managed by implementing congestion management methods, which has a significant role in current deregulated power systems. Congestion has created the risk to reliability and power system security through defiance of transmission ability limits of line. This paper reviews some of important techniques and meticulous used by various researcher for management of congestion of lines. The exertion of various publications is used to review the implication of each anticipated technique in relieving congestion and optimizing system operating costs.
TiO2-ZnO Catalyst: A New Composite For Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3
Authors: Shobha R. , Siddaraju C. , Kottam Nagaraju , Srivatsan T. S. , Shivakumar N. D. , Rajath S.
Published: August 2024

Investigations have underscored the pivotal role of NOx gases in the formation of smog and acid rain, posing threats to human health and ecosystems. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) has emerged as a promising strategy for curtailing NOx emissions. SCR involves the catalytic conversion of nitrogen oxides into benign nitrogen and water vapour, thereby offering a viable approach. In this study, a new composite of low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (LT-SCR) catalyst is synthesized by impregnating ZnO onto TiO2 ceramic substrate. The introduction of ZnO not only provides a high surface area but also results in the formation of a catalyst. This research presents the outcomes of an investigation involving a range of catalysts employed in SCR, including a composite catalyst composed of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. The objective is to evaluate the composite catalyst's capacity to reduce pollutants characterized by observable NOX content. The catalysts, synthesized through the sol-gel processing technique, are characterized by XRD and SEM to ascertain their suitability for catalytic applications. A comprehensive analysis concludes that the laboratory-synthesized samples exhibit acceptable purity, possess a crystalline structure, and hold potential as catalysts.
Analytical and Numerical Approach for Performance Evaluation of Thermoelectric Generator
Authors: Desai Supriya , Dubey Sankalp , Gautham M. G.
Published: August 2024

Growing demands in energy requirement need more efficient methods to recover waste energy from various energy conversion systems, among them generator set (Genset) run by diesel engines in construction and mining areas are commonly used to generate electrical energy and usually these systems work at an efficiency of around 30-35 %. A large part of energy loss in these systems is resulted from heat carried away by coolant and exhaust gases. The energy lost in the form of heat in the exhaust can be harvested using various heat recovery methods like Thermoelectric Generators [TEG]. Thermoelectric generators are used to convert thermal energy into electrical energy governed by the principle of Seebeck effect. Present work draws attention towards external factors that influence the output voltage of thermoelectric generators attached to a stationary waste heat source like Gensets. Here thermoelectric generator units were modelled by attaching them to the exhaust manifold of pipe of a diesel Genset and were analyzed both analytically and numerically to obtain their dependence of output voltage on thermal conductivity of exhaust pipe material, where TEGs can be mounted. From the analysis of obtained report it was observed that efficiency of waste heat recovery improved on using higher thermal conductive materials. In this preliminary analysis, an increase in thermal conductivity of 20% has resulted in an increase in power output of 11%.
CoO Substituted Borate 1393B3 Glass Scaffold with Enhanced Metallurgical Performance
Authors: Md Ershad  , Kumar Ranjan , Gupta Neeraj , Mukherjee Arijit , Ghosh Soumya , Mandal Apurba
Published: August 2024

In this study, we fabricated three-dimensional porous scaffolds using 1393B3 Borate-Based Glass (BBG) with a structure resembling trabecular bones. These scaffolds were created through a process involving melt-quenching and foam replica techniques. To evaluate the impact of incorporating CoO into these scaffolds on their biological compatibility, bioactivity, and physical-mechanical properties, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments. Our findings indicate that the CoO-infused scaffolds, referred to as CBBGs (CoO-derived 1393B3), exhibit superior mechanochemical stability compared to the original BBG scaffolds. Importantly, this enhancement in stability did not compromise the bioactivity or cytocompatibility of the scaffolds following CoO incorporation. In fact, our assessments of biological compatibility, including MTT assays, Live/Dead staining, and cell adhesion studies using L929 cell lines, revealed improved performance in the CBBGs, particularly in scaffolds containing up to 1% CoO (C1BBG and C2BBG). Notably, among the CBBGs, C1BBG consistently demonstrated the highest level of enhanced biological compatibility. In summary, our study demonstrates that the incorporation of CoO into BBG scaffolds enhances both their mechanical and biological performance without negatively affecting their bioactivity. Therefore, these CoO-infused BBG scaffolds have the potential to serve as innovative biomaterials for regenerating neo bone tissue.
Optimization of the Design of Shell and Double Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger using the TLBO Algorithm
Authors: Deepak H. S. , Veerabhadrappa Kavadiki , Tharakeshwar T. K.
Published: August 2024

Heat Exchangers are devices that allow energy in form of heat to be transferred between two or more fluids. HEs are utilized in a wide range of commercial processes, including chemical, steel, and power generation. Here, we focus on the optimization of shell and dual concentric tube HEs. This type of HE has been in use for many years because of their reliable service to enterprise, the availability of a set of symbols, and perfection in design and modeling, and they are made from a wide range of materials. In this paper a novel computative technique called TLBO Algorithm is used, and the aim is to lower the overall cost by designing the HE with a shell and two concentric tubes. For every iteration, the algorithm detects and replaces duplicate solutions in order to produce an effective functional evaluation, which may then be used to choose the best solution. With a usual start, it proves to be quite efficient, and therefore this algorithm will assist us in achieving our aim function, which is in contrast to conventional HEs. With GA based HEs with a shell and twin concentric tube HEs, the overall cost has decreased by roughly 43% and 34%, respectively.
Microstructural Characterization and Wear Behavior of Varying Weight Percentages of Boron Carbide Reinforced Al2219 Alloy Composites
Authors: Ganiger Subhashchandra S. , Sakri Mahadev , Nagaral Madeva , Auradi V.
Published: August 2024

The current study looked at how 90 micron-diameter B4C particles affected the wear behavior of Al2219 metal composites. Stir-cast Al2219 composites with 2-4 % B4C particle weight percentage were developed. The microstructural characterization of these generated composites was studied using SEM and EDS analysis to determine the distribution and components of micron-sized particles. Under different loads and sliding speeds, the wear behavior of Al2219 with 2-4 % B4C composites was investigated using ASTM G99 criteria. The aggregation of B4C concentration improved Al2219's wear resistance. The wear of Al2219 and its composites increased as the load and speed of the specimen increased. SEM investigation revealed several worn surface characteristics.
Study and Analysis of the Shop Floor Management Information System to Optimize Productivity in the Metal Process Industry
Authors: Manjunath K. V. , Siddesh B. , Chitwadgi Riddhisha , Manoj M. , Tejashwini H. N.
Published: August 2024

One of the promising technologies flourishing in the metal processing industry to accelerate value creation and minimize losses is the Shop Floor Management System (SFM). This technology will be a breakthrough specifically for the continuous metal processing industry such as steel plants. The SFM system is a response to the following requirements of the metal processing industry: increasing volumes and logistical complications have forced shop floor activities to be computerized online, and the shop supervisor can react swiftly and decisively. The proposed system eliminates difficulties and meets the need by giving dependable and complete information. Real-time data reports are valuable. The SFM system can be used by shop supervisors and senior management to monitor the system and take appropriate corrective action based on the data entered into the computers. It considerably reduces the amount of time spent on administrative tasks. All aspects of SFM not covered here will be added to the system. Due to the intricacy of the actual system, the current computerized system is part of a larger system that is being built. The newly developed technology speeds up data processing and boosts output. Every transaction is updated and handled as soon as possible. The interfaces are easy to use and provide online help messages, so any end-user can figure out how to use them. An integrated system operating on a UNIX Environment is ideal because of its multi-user nature. Oracle is versatile and portable, making it simple to create applications. As a result, Oracle on the UNIX operating system will be used in the current paper.
Proposing a Characteristic Length Definition for Flow Characterization in Porous Media: A Methodology for Estimating Hydraulic Radius
Authors: Banerjee Ashes , Priyadarshi Sunil , Kumar Samir
Published: August 2024

This study explores the complex factors influencing fluid flow and associated head loss within porous media, focusing on particle size, shape, and packing porosity. The chosen characteristic length, hydraulic radius (denoted as “r”), integrates these factors, providing a comprehensive measure for characterizing flow behavior in specific packing configurations. Crushed stones and glass spheres of varying sizes are used as porous media. Porosity, size, and shape of the media are meticulously determined to understand their impact on flow characteristics. The study’s findings offer valuable insights for researchers and designers in porous media applications, guiding the selection of appropriate characteristic length expressions. Additionally, this work contributes to a deeper understanding of porous media flow and provides a practical framework for characterizing and analyzing porous media properties, advancing the broader field of fluid dynamics in porous structures.
Synthesis and Characterization of Lanthanum Ferrites and Their Photocatalytic Studies
Authors: Gurushantha K. , Tejhaswini N. , Smitha K. S. , Sona N. , Sahana K. , Chitkala H. , Verma Swati , Meena S.
Published: August 2024

In this fast growing environmental friendly research world, development of highly efficient, non-toxic photocatalyst for potential applications is required. Herein, a strong ability photocatalyst Lanthanum Ferrite (LF) was synthesized by solution combustion synthesis using Coconut oil (LFC) and Urea (LFU) as fuel. X-ray results indicate the development of pure phase for LF NP of perovskite structure in both the fuels having crystal size in the range of 24-48 nm. FTIR results reveal that the functional groups were confirmed. The energy band gap value from UV DRS studies was suitable for the photocatalytic degradation under visible light. The NPs displays excellent photocatalytic degradation activity for Reactive Blue 4 (RB4) dye under UV & Visible light within 120 mins resulted 75% and 84% by LFU, 89% and 98% by LFC photocatalyst respectively. LF photocatalyst has very good stability confirmed recyclability experiment for 5 cycles.
Darcy Heat Transfer Flow of Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid over a Sinusoidal Wavy Surface
Authors: Mallikarjuna B. , Champakumari M.
Published: August 2024

In this paper, heat transfer enhancement has been examined due to the ternary hybrid nanofluid over a vertical wavy surface. Darcy law is used to investigate the flow through porous medium. The non-uniform behavior of the vertical wall is defined by the sinusoidal nature. The governing equations for the conservation of mass, momentum along x and y directions and energy equations are derived and non-dimensionalized using appropriate transformations. Similarity transformations are used to convert the Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) to Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). The resultant ODEs are solved by employing spectral collocation method and the results are presented with various thermo-physical parameters of nanoparticles.
Study of Structural and Dielectric Properties of Zirconium Titanate (ZrTiO4) Nano Powder
Authors: Sangeetha A. , Nagabhushana B. M. , Divyashree  , Chaitra  , Netravathi
Published: August 2024

Zirconium Titanate nano powders synthesized by Polymeric Precursor Method using glycerin as a polymerizing agent were studied to investigate the effect of sintering temperature on structural and dielectric properties. From XRD reports, it is evident that phase formation is dependent on sintering temperature. UV-Visible Spectroscopy reveals that the band gap of the material depends on the structure that can be controlled by temperature. Variation of Dielectric constant (ε) and dielectric loss (tanδ) of the powders were measured for a wide range of frequency from 100Hz to 5MHz. Conductivity properties such as Conductivity and Impedance were studied for the above said frequency range.
Single Step Transformation of Urea into Metal-Free g-C3N4 Nanoflakes for Visible-Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Crystal Violet Dye
Authors: Nikitha M. , Kottam Nagaraju , Smrithi S. P. , Devendra Bharath K. , Prasannakumar S. G. , Prasanth G.
Published: August 2024

The danger that dyes pose to the biosphere is a worry for the entire planet. So, it is essential to remove these colors using the appropriate methods from the aquatic system. The best and most efficient approach for removing colors from water and wastewater is photodegradation utilizing graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The photocatalytic activity of the g-C3N4 nanoflakes down the visible light was examined in the current work using crystal violet dye. Due to its high efficiency, visible light radiation is typically used to photodegrade dyes. The environmentally benign molecular precursor urea was employed to initiate a single-step pyrolysis procedure that yielded g-C3N4 nanoflakes. The efficiency of the urea conversion process was determined at 550 °C. X-ray diffraction analysis has confirmed the graphitic phase of the synthesized carbon nitride material. The layered structure of the sp2 hybridized carbon and nitrogen bonding characteristics is confirmed by FT-IR analysis. The synthesized g-C3N4 has a nanosheet like morphology according to HRTEM analysis. g-C3N4 showed enhanced photocatalytic activity resulting in 97 % mineralisation of Crystal Violet (CV) dye and also compared its efficacy with dye concentration. All photocatalytic behavior was analysed by using a UV–Visible spectrophotometer.
Investigation of Temperature Distribution and Heat Transfer Rate of Moving Fin with Radiation and Magnetic Field Effects
Authors: Madhura K. R. , Aishwarya S. V. , Yukkthi R. , Madhu Shree U. S.
Published: August 2024

Fins, comprising metal strips strategically affixed to surfaces, play a pivotal role in augmenting heat transfer processes in various engineering applications. Fins are commonly used in plethora of heat transfer applications and also utilized for the prevention and control of thermal damage in many mechanical and electronic devices. This study focuses on thermal responses of moving fin with the influence of magnetic field and radiation. The developed thermal model is solved analytically and parametric investigation is carried out. Influence of radiation parameter, geometry parameter, Hartmann number and Peclet number on thermal variation is interpreted through graphical representations and results are concluded.
Schiff Base Metal Organic Frameworks for Biological Applications - A Review
Authors: Kamat Vinuta , Pant Geetika , Yallur Basappa C. , Prasanna Kumar S. G. , Adimule Vinayak M. , Batakurki Sheetal R.
Published: August 2024

Schiff bases are the organic compounds which are prepared by condensation method with aldehyde and amine derivatives. These have wide range of applications in chemistry due to their binding property with metal ions. Schiff base alone and Schiff base metal complexes have vital applications in inorganic, organic, medicinal and material sciences. Binding properties of Schiff bases can form the network with metal ions which leads to Metal Organic Frameworks (MOF’s). This review covers the detailed recent progress of Schiff base-based metal organic frameworks for various biological applications like, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, DNA binding, DNA interaction and drug delivery studies.
A Short Review on the Photocatalytic Applications of the Luminescent Carbon Dots
Authors: Kottam Nagaraju , Smrithi S. P. , Madhu G. M. , Gurushantha K. , Sampath C.
Published: August 2024

Nano carbon dots are a recently added class of carbon nanomaterials specifically with size less than 10 nm possessing unique electronic and optical properties. A wide array of green sources available for the synthesis of carbon dots along with its diverse applications makes them an interesting material of the decade. Conventional semiconductor nanoparticles endowed with the ability to create electron-hole pairs have been widely used for the photocatalytic applications irrespective of their limitation to restrict electron-hole recombination. Carbon dots (C-dots) which are biocompatible and possessing excellent electron acceptor/donor capability is a promising candidate to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of metal chalcogenide semiconductor nanoparticles. In this short review, a thorough survey of the utilisation of C-dots as a supporting entity for the various metal oxides and metal sulphides to be applied for advanced techniques such as photocatalytic wastewater treatment, hydrogen generation via water splitting and photocatalytic reduction of CO2 has been summarised.
A Generalized Mathematical Model to Predict Core Loss of 15kw 3Φ-Squirrel Cage Induction Motor at Various Load for Industrial Applications
Authors: Sachin S. , Manickavasagam Krishnan , Sriram A. T.
Published: August 2024

The demand for effective operation of induction motor has become necessary in industrial, domestic, manufacturing, excavation, mines and many other applications. Losses estimation of the Induction Motor play a very important role in analyzing the electrical and thermal performances. Traditionally copper loss is estimated using load current and core losses is assumed constant, as it is difficult to measure core loss. An additional sensor must be place in air gap of the motor to measure core loss, increasing the complexity and uneconomical. Hence in this paper, a Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to estimate the core losses on 3ɸ - 15kW Squirrel Cage Induction Motor (SCIM) at various load conditions. A generalized mathematical model is needed to predict the core loss of the motor at various load conditions. Hence a generalized mathematical model proposed using regression technique is validated with conventional approach.
Structural and Dielectric Properties of Cux Zn1-x Fe2O4 (x = 0.2, 0.6, 0.8) Nano Particles
Authors: Georgi Akash Daniel , Fernandes Brian Jeevan , Srinivas Reddy G. , Ramesh K. P. , Mallikarjunaiah K. J.
Published: August 2024

Researchers widely investigate multi-ferrite nanoparticles due to their fascinating magnetic and electrical properties with satisfactory thermal and chemical stabilities. In the present work CuxZn1-xFe2O4(x = 0.2, 0.6, 0.8) were synthesized using the auto combustion method. The spinel structure of the prepared samples was verified using XRD. The compositional dependent dielectric and ac conductivity studies were performed using impedance spectroscopy technique. The dielectric properties, such as complex dielectric constant and impedance, have been studied as a function of frequency. Changes of dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) with the frequency have been studied to get information about the energy dispersed inside the materials. The ac conduction study, as a function of frequency, suggests the hopping conduction mechanism at the higher frequencies. From the complex impedance spectra (Nyquist plots or Cole-Cole plots), On the real axis, we identified a dispersion as opposed to a centered semicircle. This suggests a relaxation type other than Debye. The dielectric dispersion observed at lower frequencies can be explained using Koop’s phenomenological theory. Since many gases are released during mining and the investigated Cu2Fe2O4 is known to be an excellent gas sensor, this study helps to use it effectively in the mining sector.
Optimization of Process Parameters of Gas Metal Arc Welding using Taguchi Method
Authors: Kumar Ranjan , Ghosh Bidyut , Nigam Ravi , Mukherjee Arijit , Das Somnath
Published: August 2024

Achieving good welding quality is one of the major challenges in gas metal arc welding. Welding processes parameters significantly affects the quality of welding and needs to be optimized to ensure quality weld. The principal processes parameters affecting the weld quality are welding current, welding voltage, welding speed, and gas flow rate. Taguchi technique and ANOVA is an efficient method for optimizing the quality and performance output of manufacturing processes. Accordingly, Taguchi and ANOVA has been employed to optimize the process parameters. In addition, a comparison of the strengths of the various welded joints obtained by the gas metal arc welding Process has been presented. Welding voltage turns out to be the most important parameter of tensile strength and hardness.
Effect of Triggering Mechanism and Variable Strain Rates on Energy Absorption of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Tubes Under Quasi Static Compression
Authors: Chethana K. Y. , Srinivasa M. R. , Rammohan Y. S. , Patil M. G. , Ravikumar M. , Yogaraju Raghu , Aparna A. R.
Published: August 2024

Fiber-reinforced polymer matrix (FRP) composites have evolved as a prominent class of structural materials for usage as thin-walled impact-absorbing structural members in the case of industries such as aerospace, marine, and automotive. The experimental studies began with the literature survey, identification of the best method of the fabrication process, and new method of fabrication of specimen to trigger the steady crushing process. Which were then subjected to the axial compression test. The tubular Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composite tubes were made utilizing woven glass fabric plies in a manual wrap-up approach. The axial compression test was used to determine the absorbed energy of each GFRP composite at a variable strain rate. Finally, a relative assessment of the energy absorption capabilities of specimens was established in order to study deformation mechanism and their energy absorption capability
Experimental Investigation of Performance Characteristics of Pre-Heated Milkscum Oil Bio Diesel Using Exhaust Gas on a Diesel Engine
Authors: Ullas G. S. , Jayadeva C. T. , Shekar Rachan D.
Published: August 2024

The primary carbon-neutral and sustainable fuel for compression ignition engines is biodiesel. The high surface tension and high viscosity of different types of biodiesel are the primary causes of technical issues. High viscosity and surface tension in the CI engine lead to incorrect fuel atomization and charge uniformity. Preheating is hence the process used to reduce the biodiesel's viscosity. The Utilizing exhaust gases to pre-heat biodiesel to temperatures of 30°C, 40°C, and 45°C lowers its viscosity and surface tension, improving fuel injection and ultimately enhancing engine performance. Preheating of biodiesel can be made by using special arrangement of exhaust manifold.