bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SUMBER ETIKA DALAM ISLAM
Authors: Hardiono Hardiono
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we will discuss the ethical problems generated by Islam as was directly exemplified by the pioneer, enlightener and role model of all followers, namely the Prophet Muhammad SAW. The source of ethics in Islam (Islamic ethics) is the al-Qur'an and the Sunnah, both of which are always a measure of the merits of the actions committed by the Muslims. These two sources are a guide for human life to achieve happiness in this world and in the hereafter.    The Prophet's behavior is the most factual interpretation of the Koran. In fact, in many narrations it is emphasized that the Prophet did not act / behave but because of the guidance of revelation, and the Prophet's morals were al-Qur'an. That is why in Islamic scholarship, including Islamic ethics, it does not give up its premises from the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet SAW. In Islam, the Quran and Sunnah will teach adherents from all sides, be it social, religious, cultural and so on. So in this paper we will discuss the sources of ethics in Islam (Islamic Ethics).            The method of this research is library research (library research), namely research that uses literature in the form of books, notes and reports on the results of previous research which will later become an analysis tool regarding ethics in Islam.     The conclusion of this paper is that the source of ethics in Islam is al-Quran and as-Assunah, which  will be the life guide for Muslims and non-Muslims to achieve true happiness, which the Prophet had exemplified directly from the above source.
TEOLOGI SUFI KAJIAN ATAS MISTISISME CINTA JALALUDDIN RUMI
Authors: Jannah Miftahul
Published: December 2021

This paper will examine the idea of mycticisme love carried by Jalaluddin Rumi. In his journey as a Sufi, Rumi managed to take his own Sufism form and give a new nuance that was considered different from most Sufis of his time. Sufism thinking contained in the form of poetry and poetry known as the path of love (mystic love). This paper is a reseach library using descriptive analysis method to study the thoughts of Divine love Jalaluddin Rumi. The love carried by Rumi signals to live in harmony with the principles of peace and tolerance. Poetry becomes one of the most appropriate means to express the inner state he feels. With the idea of divine love he introduced, Rumi was able to pour all kinds of feelings and expressions of his personal religious experience into deeply poetic verses. Poems born of a heart yearning for union with the Beloved, until when the Beloved Being is the only being that exists. Love, which is the light of life and human values, is actually eternal. So it must be for the eternal. He does not deserve to be given to those who are destined to be mortal and perish.
Kewajiban dalam Pemikiran Immanuel Kant dan Relevansinya dengan Akhlak Islam
Authors: Effendi Rahmat
Published: December 2021

Many thinkers discuss ethics as something inherent in life, one of which is Immanuel Kant. Kant, who is known as a transcendent-rationalist philosophy and founder of criticism, stated the importance of ethical obligations based on the reason for humans. Through his criticism of pure reason (pure reason) and practical reason (practical reason) led to a concept of the highest ethics of happiness, where happiness now can not be achieved without ethics purely based on duty. This is also in line with the teachings of Islam that with a commendable character lead humans to the highest happiness, namely the encounter with God. Islam teaches morals that are based on reason in addition to the main foundation of the Koran and hadith. Then the obligation to do good basically can be recognized by reason without any encouragement from various directions. This article will discuss and show the relevance of ethical obligations and Islamic ethics which are consistent and need not be contested. This research is based on library research using descriptive-analytical and holistic methods. In the end, Western ethical thinking is compatible with Islamic ethics.
OPTIMALISASI PERAN SERTA ULAMA DALAM DERADIKALISASI AGAMA
Authors: Hidayat Thaufiq
Published: December 2021

Various acts of radicalism, which brought several disadvantages and anxieties to Indonesia's peace, have captured the attention of various circles. The act of radicalism that follows violence, threats and even murder becomes a separate motive that contributes to the problem of religious affairs, especially Islam. So far a number radical actions has been carried out by certain Muslims and this has been falsely taken to label Islam as a violent religion. Therefore, it is necessary to held deradicalization programs aimed particularly at religious leaders among society. This act counts as the antithesis of violent radicalism.This study aims to illustrate the steps and actions that must be taken  by scholars to alleviate the problem of radicalism. This study used description method. The deradicalization programs begin with the socialization of the negative effects of radicalism held by the government agency for countering terrorism (BNPT) to religious leaders, then the leaders preach it through various media.
MENGKAJI KLONING MANUSIA DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM KODRAT
Authors: Fadri Zainal
Published: December 2021

Cloning has become a hot topic since technology activists in the field of genetics explained the results of their research that the reproductive process can occur with the help of technology. People have taken advantage of the results of this technology, although the debate about its use in humans is still not a comprehensive concept. This study aims to assess the extent to which the human cloning program is viewed from natural law, considering that cloning is an activity to bring back humans who have died. The method used in this research is literature review with a holistic analysis of the natural law view of human cloning. The results of this research indicate that the human cloning program is returned to the beneficiaries of this program and is fully responsible for the decisions taken
THE CORRELATION STUDY ABOUT POSITIVE THINKING AND BEHAVIOR FORGIVENESS AMONGS STUDENTS
Authors: Fahmi Reza , Jamaldi Jamaldi , Fulnandra Dila
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the category of positive thinking , the category of forgiving behavior and to determine the  relationship of positive thinking with Forgiveness Behavior in friendship at Heler boarding school students. The research method used quantitative methods with data analysis techniques, namely Pearson Correlation analysis . The population in this study amounted to 78 people with a sample of 65 people. The sampling technique used was stratified random sampling . The data collection technique used in this study was a psychological scale, which was guided by a modified Likert scale , namely a positive thinking scale and a forgiving behavior Thus H o rejected and H a accepted, meaning that positive thinking with a forgiving behavior in friendship at the boarding students heler in Lubuk Leeches have a positive and significant relationship.
Gerakan Pencerahan (Aufklarung) dalam Islam: Menguak Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan Sayed Naquib al-Attas
Authors: Bistara Raha
Published: December 2021

This article wants to explain how the concept of Islamization of science as Aufklarung for Muslims. The spread of secularism in the Islamic world has brought Muslims under the dichotomy of the West. They are trapped by Western knowledge which is skeptical on the basis of rationalism and empiricism. This epistemology is not in accordance with the spirit, the scientific spirit of Muslims. Muslims have their own epistemology of knowledge based on the principles of Islamic teachings from the Qur'an and Sunnah and the spirit of divine knowledge. Therefore Sayed Naquib al-Attas developed the concept of Islamization of science as an enlightener (Aufklarung) for Muslims. By using the library research method and using primary sources in the form of the original work of Sayed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas and secondary sources that support this research. The research is expected to answer the concept of Islamization of knowledge as an era of enlightenment (Aufklarung) which was developed by al-Attas. This Islamization becomes the basis of Islamic knowledge that must be disseminated by every individual Muslim, because they are all responsible for Islamic knowledge. Because with this enlightenment movement, Muslims will be independent and find themselves in accordance with the spirit of Islamic principles that do not follow Western knowledge. With the Aufklarung movement, throught the discourse cam develop Muslim personalities so that Muslims can give birth to goodness, Justice, and The strength of faith.
Tragedi Intelektualualitas Islam Dalam Perspektif Filsafat Politik-Keagamaan ( Diskusi Kasus Nakbah Ibnu Rusyd dan Pembunuhan Faraq Fouda)
Authors: Putra Ario , Fatturohman Achmad
Published: December 2021

The differences that occur sometimes often lead to violence and even end in murder. Islam as a religion that is rahmatan lil 'alamin highly upholds human values, tolerance, and differences. Therefore, Muslims should understand them as fundamental religious values contained in the Qur'an and Sunnah, in order to form a good and peaceful life order. The method used in this research is descriptive-explorative. This research is a library research (Library Research), while the data collection method in this research is by classifying the data related to the research focus, then analyzing it. The findings in this study are that although Islam is a religion that is rahmatan lil 'alamin, in reality it has not been fully realized because throughout its history of development there are still various tragedies and conflicts in Islam. One of them is intellectual tragedy. This tragedy is not due to religious factors, but from the way Muslims are still unable to understand religion properly so that from this lack of understanding emerges intolerant traits and even these traits sometimes lead to murder. One of the tragedies contained in Islam is the intellectual tragedy of the Nakba Ibn Rushd and the tragedy of the murder of Faraq Fouda.
Implementasi Konsep Thuma'ninah Sebagai Upaya Mengelola Kecemasan Pada Pandemi Covid-19 (Analisis Pemikiran Ibnu Qayyim Al-Jauziyah)
Authors: Arrasyid Arrasyid
Published: December 2021

This study aims to explain and analyze the concept of thuma'ninah Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyah as an effort to manage the anxiety that occurs in the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is qualitative research with a character study approach and uses exploratory, interpretation, and analysis methods. This study found data that the implementation of the thuma'ninah concept of Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyah as an effort to manage the anxiety that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic, namely; first, implementing his understanding of the book of Allah Allah. Second, implementing the asthma of Allah regarding asy-Syukur. Third, implementing an understanding of the test is a form of Allah's love for His servants. By implementing these 3 (three) understandings, the anxiety felt by humans in the Covid-19 pandemic will be managed properly.
Paradigma Thomas Kuhn dan Relevansinya Terhadap Perkembangan Keilmuan Islam di Indonesia
Authors: Rahman Taufik
Published: December 2021

Paradigm has an important in science. According to Kuhn, the paradigm is very influential on the steps and results of research. Because a paradigm is a pattern or framework of thinking adopted by scientists in conducting research. This article will explain Thomas Kuhn's paradigm and its relevance toward Islamic thought in Indonesia. This article is library research using a historical-philosophical approach. The historical-philosophical approach use to see the development of Islamic thought in Indonesia and analyze or find the relevance of Thomas Kuhn's paradigm concept toward the development of Islamic thought in Indonesia. The results show that the paradigm concept of Thomas Kuhn can be used in Islamic scholarship in Indonesia to produce Islamic thought that is relevant to current issues.
MENELAAH EKSISTENSI MANUSIA DALAM PEMIKIRAN VITALISME NIETZSCHE
Authors: Putri Endrika Widdia
Published: December 2021

This paper examines the existence of humans in the vitalist thought of Nietzsche (1884–1900), one of the modern Western philosophers. This research is qualitative research using the descriptive analysis method. In this case, it attempts to describe and describe Nietzsche's vitalist thought and then analyzed it so that the desired results are obtained. This research shows data that in Nietzsche's view, the realization of the creativity of human existence is when humans can become the will to power "will to power" and this is the essence of humans being created on this earth. In Nietzsche's term, the human being whose existence is at its peak, he calls it ubermensch, namely man as the controller and determinant of his life, even the lives of others. Humans are free to do whatever they want to do. Even religion has no right to rule humans so that people live to rule each other. So, from that man has succeeded in utilizing his vital forces as a human..
Etika Pragmatis Jhon Dewey dan Relevansinya Terhadap Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Daring di Indonesia
Authors: Fatimah Fatimah
Published: December 2021

As creatures who have reason and mind, human life cannot be separated from the assessment of good and bad deeds. This is where the position of ethics is so important for the way or direction of human life. With reason, humans can position themselves to act. What to do and what to avoid and leave in accordance with the existing rules. Ethics as a branch of science from philosophy has received very good attention from philosophers. So that from the thinking of these philosophers emerged various types of ethics, one of which is the flow of pragmatic ethics. This pragmatic flow is found in England and America. One of the most influential pragmatists of his time was the pragmatism of John Dewey. The purpose of this study is to find out and describe how John Dewey's pragmatic ethical thinking is and how relevant it is to online learning in Indonesia. In line with the objectives, this research uses the type of research library research and uses descriptive analysis method. As the results of his research, John Dewey's pragmatic ethics teaches that something will be good if we can look for goodness that can be used and not just talk. An important point of John Dewey's teaching of pragmatic ethics is that experience is knowledge applied in practice. A truth will be seen in testing by experiences in practice. An action taken can be considered ethical if it brings a scientific benefit such as producing pleasure, satisfaction and goodness for society. Dewey strongly supports social life and does not like people who live individualistically. For him, a person will have meaning if they can blend in with society because humans cannot live alone and are very dependent on other people. If one lives without society, then one's life is meaningless (sociality education). John Dewey's ethics are closely related to life in today's modern era. The impact of the corona virus requires education in Indonesia to be carried out online or online. Thus, this implementation is related to John Dewey's pragmatic ethics which judges something good based on the practical benefits of a theory or the existence of proof of a theory.
Kontektualisasi Pemikiran Politik Jean Jacques Rousseau di Indonesia
Authors: Sukri Mhd Alfahjri
Published: December 2021

The research aims to analyze the contextualization of Jean Jacques Rousseau's political thought in Indonesia, including state of nature, social contracts, common will, freedom, and democracy. This study used a qualitative method to describe the results of the analysis. Data was obtained through books, journals, scientific articles and others. The result of research on state of nature is that before Indonesia existed there were already states in the form of kingdoms. As for the social contract established in Indonesia through Pancasila in a complicated way due to agreements and conflicts from several groups. But in the end Pancasila was able to unite the Indonesian nation to this day. Regarding the general will and freedom, in Indonesia, it is regulated in Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia with various existing problems such as the abuse of general will and freedom that occurred during the Soekarno Guided Democracy and the Suharto Era. As for democracy, Rousseau views direct democracy as the best, while Indonesia is more familiar with representative democracy based on deliberation
Filsafat Perenial dan Dialog Agama: Studi Pemikiran Seyyed Hossein Nasr
Authors: Wahyuni Dwi , Fauzi Harlis Yurnalis Syukri Al , Idris Mhd
Published: December 2021

Social conflict as something that no longer only stems from the issue of economic inequality and political interests. However, differences in conceptions between religions and religious prejudice against other religious communities are the causes of social conflicts. The important thing that urgently needs to be done is to create and expand religious dialogue. However, the religious dialogue that has been initiated and practiced over the last few decades still needs to be taken more seriously. This study aims to complete a literature review related to how perennial philosophy can be an alternative approach to a more serious religious dialogue. This study focuses on the thoughts of Seyyed Hossein Nasr several of his works that are relevant to discussions related to perennial philosophy and religious dialogue. The research method was carried out by collecting data using library research techniques. After the data has been collected, then data analysis is carried out using historical descriptive methods. The results of this study indicate that Seyyed Hossein Nasr's perennial philosophy offers an attitude that allows religious dialogue to be more serious and fruitful. With Seyyed Hossein Nasr's perennial philosophy, dialogue is carried out with clear integrity and genuine openness for mutual understanding to take place. Integrity and openness to dialogue with existing differences contribute to understanding differences in conceptions and breaking down prejudices between religious believers.
Dissipation, residues analysis and risk assessment of metconazole in grapes under field conditions using gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Guo Wang , Chen Yuling , Jiao Hui , Hu Deyu , Lu Ping
Published: December 2021

Metconazole (MEZ) is widely used in prevention and control of fruit and vegetable diseases. Here, a simple and reliable gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method, using modified QuEChERS (“quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe”) extraction method, was developed for determining the dissipation and residue of MEZ in grapes and soil, and the dietary risk of MEZ residues in grapes was evaluated for Chinese people. The average recoveries of MEZ in two matrices were 80.72–100.36% with relative standard deviations of 1.56–6.16%. The same limits of detection and quantification in grapes and soil were 0.0006 mg/kg and 0.002 mg/kg, respectively. Under field conditions, the half-life of MEZ dissipation in grapes ranged from 11.75 to 20.39 days. The final residues of MEZ in grapes and soil ranged from 0.002 mg/kg to 0.19 mg/kg at pre-harvest intervals of 7, 14 and 21 days. The whole dietary risk assessment indicated acute hazard index and hazard quotient to be less than 1, implying the risk of MEZ was acceptable. This is the first study conducted on the dissipation, residue analysis and risk assessment of MEZ in grapes, thus providing reference for the detection and risk assessment of MEZ in other agricultural products.
Challenges for Pesticide Regulation and Use
Authors: Matthews Graham
Published: December 2021

Many farmers still apply a wide range of pesticides, but are exposed to some which are highly hazardous to use. Is there sufficient legislation and control of pesticide use to remove these pesticides? Even applying the less hazardous pesticides, farmers need to be better trained to
improve their application and minimise exposure to the chemicals. The use of chemical pesticides has increased immensely over the last 80 years, since the development of DDT, with a range of many other insecticides, fungicides and herbicides being marketed. Although legislation to control
the use of insecticides had been introduced in the USA back in 1910, it was only after World War II that other countries began to start registration of pesticides and WHO created a Classification based on the toxicity of the chemicals. More recently there has been greater concern about the
extent to which certain pesticides, especially those rated as Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs) have been used. WHO estimates that there are 1.6 million deaths per year from poisoning by chemicals. There are other problems, such as the herbicide glyphosate, use of which has expanded with
farmers growing maize, soybean and cotton crops genetically modified to provide tolerance to this weedkiller. The use of this herbicide has resulted in many court cases claiming it use results in ill health.
How Many Ways Can Nature Kill the Goose That Laid the Golden Egg? – The Many Mechanisms of Evolved Glyphosate Resistance
Authors: Duke Stephen O. , Heap Ian , Tranel Patrick J. , Bobadilla Lucas Kopecky
Published: December 2021

Weeding has been the bane of humanity since the dawn of agriculture. For about 70 years, synthetic herbicides have removed much of the drudgery of this onerous task. Glyphosate was introduced as a non-selective herbicide in 1974. Its ideal properties made it a very popular herbicide,
and the introduction of glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops allowed its use as a selective herbicide, greatly expanding its use to become the most used herbicide on earth. For farmers who used glyphosate in GR crops, it was the golden age of weed management, as this technology significantly improved
the efficacy and reduced the cost of weed management. Weed management was also simplified, an asset that was particularly valuable to part-time farmers. Furthermore, this technology provided the environmental benefits (reduced soil loss and fossil fuel use) of significantly reducing tillage.
Farmers saved billions of US$, and weed management became more effective and simple. Indeed, to many farmers, glyphosate with GR crops became the goose that laid the golden egg. After more than 20 years of use, the first cases of GR weeds were reported in the latter 1990s. After a lag
period of less than 10 years after the first GR weed was reported, the number of species reported to have evolved glyphosate resistance began to increase in a linear fashion, reaching 53 species in 2021, third only to atrazine (66 species), a much older herbicide and to ALS inhibitors (168
species), which include several different herbicides used in numerous crops since the 1980s. The long lag phase before any resistance was detected led some to believe by the mid-1990s that evolution of resistance was improbable. By this time, glyphosate use was greatly increasing, especially
in GR crops, an ideal situation for the evolution of resistance. After this, the number of glyphosate-resistance cases exploded, and the mechanisms of resistance to many of these cases of resistance were determined. A recent, short commentary detailed these mechanisms after a new mechanism
of resistance was reported. The number of mechanisms for resistance to no other herbicide comes close to those of glyphosate. In the present paper, we briefly describe the many evolved mechanisms by which weeds have evolved resistance to glyphosate.
Weed Problems in Uruguayan Agriculture: Evolution and Current Situation
Authors: Garcia M. Alejandro , Meneses Lucia V. , Kaspary Tiago Edu
Published: December 2021

Uruguayan agriculture has undergone dramatic changes in the last 50 years driven by the adoption of new agricultural production systems that incorporate zero tillage and herbicide resistant crops. This has resulted in a shift in weed species frequencies and the dispersion of introduced
herbicide resistant weed populations. Finally, integrated weed management tools are being developed by research and extension services to manage herbicide-resistant (HR) weeds better and to reduce environmental impact of herbicides.
Prospects for Bioherbicides
Authors: Marrone Pam
Published: December 2021

New solutions to weed management are needed now more than ever. Ag retailers, university extension specialists and farmers consider the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds "one of the most significant developments in agriculture today." Indeed, weed resistance is not just a US problem,
but a global one. There are currently 505 unique cases of herbicide resistant weeds globally, with 264 species. Weeds have evolved resistance to 21 of the 31 known herbicide sites of action and to 164 different herbicides. Herbicide resistant weeds have been reported in 95 crops in 71 countries.
According to Duke, no new herbicide modes of action have been introduced since the 1980s. Since this paper, only one herbicide with a new mode of action (cyclopyrimorate) has been commercialized. Some major agrichemical companies have announced new discoveries and new modes of action coming
in the future, but these are some years off. Given this state of weed management, one would think that biological or natural product herbicides with new modes of action would already be making headway in the market. Unfortunately, few new biological products have been commercialized. The technical
difficulty in finding bioherbicides that can compete with the spectrum and price of chemical herbicides has left agriculture with a paucity of new herbicides based on natural products. Most products are targeted at organic agriculture because of their higher manufacturing cost. These products
are typically short residual, burndown products that require high volumes and multiple applications. Examples are clove and orange oils. Other natural active ingredients include acetic acid (vinegar), FeHEDTA, NaCl, pelargonic acid, and caprylic and capric acids. This paper reviews the reasons
for the lack of new bioherbicides, current and pipeline products and how new technologies may accelerate their progress.
The Role for Drones in Future Aerial Pesticide Applications
Authors: Matthews G. A.
Published: December 2021

Aircraft have been used to apply pesticides for decades, but their use has been largely confined to spraying crops grown on very large fields, mostly in north, central and south America. Aerial spraying has also been vital in controlling locust swarms spread over vast areas. The development
of unmanned aircraft, known as drones, has benefitted smallscale farmers as the drone can be controlled effectively over specific areas. Drones have also benefitted vector control by detecting the breeding sites of mosquitoes, which can be sprayed subsequently with larvicides, or controlled
by applying space sprays. Smaller drones are an important way of replacing ground methods in difficult to reach areas such as wetlands, steep terrain for vineyards, and small areas of trees.
Intervención psicoeducativa dirigida a la comunicación para cuidadores de personas con demencia: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Gómez García Cristina , Regatos Corchete Gema , Pérez Lancho Mª Cruz
Published: December 2021

Introducción: La demencia es un cuadro de deterioro cognitivo múltiple en el cual las actividades de la vida diaria del paciente se ven comprometidas (Garzón, Méndez y Benito 2011). Debido a estos cambios neurodegenerativos que aparecen con la demencia, estas personas a menudo presentan dificultades para encontrar palabras, producir sonidos, tener una adecuada fluidez o para la comprensión del lenguaje (Allan y Killick, 2014). Por lo tanto, la comunicación entre las personas con demencia y sus cuidadores puede verse afectada, lo que tiene consecuencias sustanciales para su calidad de vida y la de sus cuidados (Alnes, Kirkevold y Skovdahl, 2011). Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio pretende establecer una actualización de las intervenciones psicoeducativas enfocadas a la comunicación entre cuidadores y personas con demencia. Metodología: Realizamos una revisión sistemática de los últimos 10 años con el fin de detectar los componentes comunicativos presentes en las intervenciones. Resultados: Entre otros resultados, encontramos que la literatura científica enfocada en la psicoeducación de familiares y cuidadores de personas con demencia es amplia pero el abordaje de estrategias comunicativas, si bien se contempla en algunos programas, se aborda tangencialmente. Conclusiones: Concluimos destacando la necesidad de profundizar en este ámbito en posteriores estudios.
Measuring sleep literacy in healthcare students: an observational study
Authors: Tavares D , Amorim M , Leite L , Cerveira Lima R
Published: December 2021

In recent years, research has focused on the various potentialities and functions associated with so-called restorative sleep, in the general population and not only in individuals with more serious pathologies. Thus, sleep hygiene rules have been defined in order to allow, in an accessible way, everyone to actively contribute to their quality of sleep. Health students play a key role as active agents in primary care, health promotion and disease prevention. But to assume this role, as a living example and educator, they often need to increase their health literacy, which must go far beyond specific knowledge. With this observational study, we aimed to assess the actual knowledge of higher education students in courses in the area of health (School of Health of the Polytechnic of Porto), through an online questionnaire with some factual statements on this topic. It is expected that the data collected will allow the identification of misconceptions and misconceptions about the area of sleep, thus revealing which lines of intervention still need to be invested in literacy in this area.
Relación entre los apoyos instrumental y emocional recibidos y las características sociodemográficas de los participantes en una muestra de población española
Authors: Canedo García Alejandro
Published: December 2021

Objetivos: Examinar la prevalencia de los apoyos instrumental y emocional recibidos y estudiar diversas características sociodemográficas en una población española de diferentes edades y grupos sociales. Métodos: Utilizamos el instrumento Acción Conjunta Intergeneracional (ACIG), un cuestionario de 88 ítems. La encuesta online fue cumplimentada por 2013 participantes (608 hombres y 1405 mujeres) que tenían una edad media de 33,96 (DE=16,01) años. Resultados: El apoyo instrumental y el apoyo emocional fueron significativamente menos prevalentes entre los participantes mayores, hombres, personas con bajo nivel educativo, bajo nivel de autonomía, jubilados y con bajo nivel de ingresos, sugiriendo pobres interacciones sociales en estos grupos poblacionales.
Programa TEI: el alumnado como protagonista de la prevención de la violencia y el acoso escolar. Evidencias científicas
Authors: González Bellido Andrés
Published: December 2021

Es un programa de convivencia para la prevención de la violencia y el acoso escolar. Es institucional e implica a toda la comunidad educativa. Se orienta a mejorar la integración escolar y trabajar por una escuela inclusiva y no violenta, fomentando que las relaciones entre iguales sean más satisfactorias. Se dirige a la mejora o modificación del clima y la cultura del centro respecto a la convivencia, conflicto y violencia (física, emocional o psicológica). Se basa en la tutorización emocional entre iguales, en el que el alumnado dos años mayores son tutores/as de alumnos y alumnas dos años más pequeños. El respeto, la empatía y el compromiso son los pilares básicos de su desarrollo en los centros educativos: El programa TEI inicia su desarrollo teórico y estructural en el año 1999 a partir de la idea original de Andrés González Bellido; y su aplicación en centros educativos en el curso 2002-2003. Actualmente es el programa de mayor implementación a nivel español (por centros que lo aplican, por profesorado formado y por alumnos implicados) y uno de los primeros a nivel mundial. Actualmente está implantado en centros de Primaria, Secundaria y Educación Especial, Educación Infantil, Formación Profesional Básica y Ciclos formativos de Grado Medio. Algunas cifras orientativas del Programa (2021): 1.500 centros de Infantil, Primaria, ESO y Educación Especial 45.000 profesores/as formados/as presencialmente por el Programa TEI. 50.000 profesores/as participan en el programa. 2.300.000 alumnos/as se han formado con la metodología TEI desde su inicio. 300.000 nuevos/as alumnos/as TEI se incorporan en septiembre de 2021 100% de alumnado del centro participa en el Programa Evidencias Científicas de resultados, el programa TEI, es uno de los pocos programas sobre prevención de violencia y acoso escolar. Realizado por Universidad de Alicante, en centros de educación primaria y secundaria, con grupo experimental y control, Pre-Test y Post-Test, con un diseño cuasi-experimental, con una muestra cercana a los 4.000 alumnos/as.Como síntesis de conclusiones se producen mejoras significatives en las variables evaluadas, especialmente en agresiones físicas y ciberacoso con una reducción del 52% y del 28% respectivamente. En la comunicación se expondrán las bases teóricas, las metodologías del programa, así como el proceso de implementación y desarrollo en los centros educativos y ciudades TEI.
Escala dificuldades na amamentação
Authors: Coutinho Emília , Nelas Paula , Chaves Cláudia
Published: December 2021

Enquadramento: Muitas mães experimentam dificuldades na amamentação, especificamente no início do processo da amamentação. O apoio adequado de profissionais de saúde treinados, nomeadamente os enfermeiros, é crucial para minimizar o impacto dos problemas da amamentação. Objetivo: Avaliar a estrutura interna da escala de dificuldades de amamentação através da análise factorial exploratória e confirmar o modelo fatorial hipotetizado através da analise factorial confirmatória. Participantes: Este estudo realizou-se com uma amostra não probabilística por conveniência constituída por 674 mulheres com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e 49 anos (média = 31,65 anos ± 5,95) a coabitar com companheiro (93,6%). São de nacionalidade portuguesa (97,0%), possuem habilitações literárias superiores ao 12ª ano 47,9% e encontram-se empregadas 84,3% da totalidade da amostra. Método: Estudo metodológico, em que a escala foi testada através da validade aparente de conteúdo e constructo. As propriedades psicométricas, foram avaliadas com recurso à consistência interna pelo coeficiente Alpha ( ) de Cronbach e validade de construto através da validade factorial exploratória e confirmatória, validade convergente e validade discriminante. Resultados: A análise factorial exploratória levou à obtenção de uma estrutura trifatorial que explicava no total 68,64% da variância e com um coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,919. Com a análise fatorial confirmatória foram eliminados dois itens por apresentarem problemas de multicolinearidade. Os índices gerais de bondade de ajustamento global são fiáveis, confirmando a qualidade do ajuste do modelo aos dados empíricos. (x2/gl= 3,892; GFI= 0,962; CFI= 0,974; RMR= 0,049; RMSEA=0,065 e SRMR = 0,042). Conclusões: Os resultados evidenciam que a escala apresenta uma estrutura fatorial com resultados satisfatórios de validade e de confiabilidade, representando adequadamente os constructos em questão. A escala de dificuldades de amamentação pode ser utilizada como instrumento de pesquisa para avaliar as dificuldades sentidas pelas puérperas no processo de amamentação.
Inteligencia emocional y comportamientos alimentarios en estudiantes de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Zaragoza
Authors: Urbón Ladrero Eva
Published: December 2021

Esta investigación se llevó a cabo en la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Zaragoza. Los objetivos del estudio fueron caracterizar el comportamiento alimentario de la muestra, en función del sexo y analizar la posible relación de estas variables con los comportamientos alimentarios y la inteligencia emocional. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 115 alumnos pertenecientes al Grado de Magisterio de Educación Primaria y al Master del Profesorado de Secundaria. La hipótesis de partida fue que aquellas personas con puntuaciones más bajas en inteligencia emocional, presentaban comportamientos alimentarios más desadaptados, que podían influir en su IMC. También se analizaron las horas de deporte y de sueño, así como la calidad de este, con el fin de comprobar si dichas variables podían estar relacionadas con la inteligencia emocional. Los comportamientos alimentarios, el sueño y la actividad física se analizaron a través de un cuestionario diseñado para tal fin. La inteligencia emocional se estudió por medio de las respuestas obtenidas en la escala de inteligencia emocional EIS.
El cambio de la socialización primaria y secundaria a la socialización virtual
Authors: Balea-Fernández Francisco Javier
Published: December 2021

Introducción: Cuando una pareja decide convertirse en padre/madre tiene, entre otras funciones, la socialización de su/s hijo/as. El ser humano nace con una predisposición genética para la socialización, es el entorno en el que se desarrolle el que determine el proceso de socialización. La socialización es un fenómeno tanto individual como social, es decir, a la sociedad le posibilita de transmisión de identidad (tradición, cultura, roles, etc.) y dar continuidad en el tiempo, mientras que al individuo le permite el aprendizaje para el normal funcionamiento dentro de la misma. Los distintos procesos de socialización son la primaria, secundaria y virtual como proceso de aprendizaje de una realidad tácita. Metodología: Se ha utilizado el método PRISMA cuyo objetivo es realizar una investigación documental, es decir, recopilar información ya existente sobre la influencia de la virtualización en el entorno familiar, social y académico. Resultados: Se han localizado 490 trabajos. En los últimos 25 años, el número de publicaciones tiene tendencia al incremento. Siendo las áreas de ciencias computacionales e investigación en educación las áreas que más publicaciones mostraron. Cuando se analizan los países que más publican sobre esta temática, España se encuentra en segundo lugar, solo superada por USA. Discusión: El tradicional sistema de socialización ha modificado su centro de referencia: de lo real a lo virtual. Además, este nuevo sistema, ha cambiado el proceso educativo con el asentamiento de las NTIC s, proporcionando nuevos desafíos al sistema educativo. Conclusiones: Tanto el proceso de virtualización como la digitalización ya forma parte imprescindible en todos los ámbitos tanto de socialización como de educación. El nuevo modelo de socialización ha venido para quedarse, no se trata de una moda pasajera. El nihilismo no es una opción y la negativa a la actualización es un riesgo que la sociedad no puede permitirse.
Combatir el bullying para evitar el maltrato en la vida adulta y otras conductas desadaptadas
Authors: Barri Vitero Ferran
Published: December 2021

Los patrones de acoso se instauran en edades tempranas como pautas aprendidas mediante el método de ensayo-error. Los niños y adolescentes interactúan con otros y van tendiendo a reproducir aquellas conductas que les aportan algún tipo de satisfacción y a dejar de mostrar las que no les satisfacen o se les reprimen. Por distintas causas hay niños y adolescentes que interactúan con sus compañeros de forma abusiva, acosándoles y sometiéndoles. Si no prevenimos, detectamos e intervenimos ante el acoso escolar o bullying, estos patrones probablemente se reproduzcan en la edad adulta, en forma de mobbing o maltrato doméstico. De otra parte las víctimas, bien sea por factores que propiciaron serlo o bien por las secuelas del acoso sufrido, serán más susceptibles de seguirlo siendo en la vida adulta ante la presencia de algún acosador. Se constata que ambos roles, acosadores y víctimas, son perfiles más susceptibles que la población general de padecer, entre otros, trastornos en el ámbito psicológico y situaciones negativas como pueden ser el consumo de drogas, tener problemas laborales y de pareja e incluso verse involucrados en la comisión de delitos, en el caso de los acosadores.
Eficacia en la implementación de programas lingüísticos para la mejora de las habilidades comunicativas en personas con demencia
Authors: Regatos Corchete Gema , Gómez García Cristina , Pérez Lancho Mª Cruz
Published: December 2021

Introducción: la estimulación cognitiva predominante en población con deterioro cognitivo se centra en preservar las competencias requeridas para la realización de actividades de la vida diaria que logren mantener la vida autónoma de los pacientes el mayor tiempo posible. El progresivo declive que sufren las personas con demencia afecta de manera significativa a todas las áreas de la persona, incluyendo su capacidad para comunicarse, lo que provoca un gran sentimiento de dependencia y discapacidad. El diseño de programas de estimulación cognoscitiva y del lenguaje apuesta por la promoción del mantenimiento y la compensación de habilidades para la interacción comunicativa efectiva de los pacientes con demencia con su entorno. Objetivo: análisis exploratorio de resultados obtenidos mediante la implementación de programas de estimulación y mantenimiento comunicativo en personas con deterioro cognitivo. Se pretende identificar cambios significativos en pruebas de nominación, evocación y secuencialidad y conocer si dichos diseños ofrecen a los pacientes la posibilidad de mantener y estabilizarmúltiples funciones superiores. Metodología: realizamos una revisión bibliográfica sistemática de los 12 últimos años que recoge y sintetiza los principales trabajos cuasiexperimentales en lengua inglesa y castellana. Resultados: evidencia del fortalecimiento de habilidades cognitivas preservadas, así como estimulación de destrezas comunicativas a pesar de la progresión de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: se destaca la importancia de considerar el tipo de deterioro cognitivo y estadio en el que se encuentra la enfermedad para adecuar las actividades según las necesidades de cada persona, utilizando sus fortalezas y reforzando un conjunto de estrategias de comunicación que resultan ampliamente beneficiosas.
Ansiedad y expresión gráfica en pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados
Authors: Acosta Pérez Irene
Published: December 2021

Aun con el progreso llevado a cabo en la atención y políticas sanitarias, la hospitalización infantil sigue siendo un acontecimiento vital capaz de generar diversas alteraciones emocionales y físicas, siendo una de ellas la ansiedad. Existe un riesgo potencial de que se originen una serie de alteraciones emocionales y conductuales en el niño que modifiquen su desarrollo personal. Junto a los efectos emocionales, otro de los problemas de los niños hospitalizados es el de la comunicación, ya que les resulta difícil expresarse. La expresión gráfica del niño se halla en íntima relación con todo su desarrollo evolutivo y en especial con el de su pensamiento, con sus modos de expresión y comunicación. En este sentido, el dibujo puede ser una herramienta útil para que los niños hospitalizados relaten sus experiencias y sentimientos sin palabras. El objetivo de la presente investigación es conocer la ansiedad que genera la hospitalización en niños de 6 a 12 años de edad ingresados en 3 hospitales públicos de Caracas, Venezuela, y su relación con la expresión gráfica en dicha situación hospitalaria. El estudio fue cuasi-experimental sin grupo control, transversal, cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo, correlacional y comparativo. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Inventario de autoevaluación Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo en niños (STAIC) y el dibujo libre, tomando en cuenta los indicadores de ansiedad en el dibujo libre recopilados por Acosta y Crespo (2002). Los resultados mostraron que la experiencia de hospitalización es percibida como un evento vital estresante que genera ansiedad, así como correlaciones directas y significativas entre la ansiedad estado y la presencia de indicadores de ansiedad en el dibujo. Se concluye que el empleo del dibujo constituye una estrategia eficaz para explorar las percepciones de ansiedad que tienen los niños sobre la hospitalización, cuyo impacto requiere que se incluya la esfera emocional dentro del cuidado hospitalario. Se hace necesario detectar la ansiedad y desarrollar intervenciones para prevenir o disminuir sus efectos en el niño hospitalizado.
Tamaño y configuración sexual de los grupos informales de juego en el aula a lo largo de la educación primaria
Authors: Jiménez Lagares Irene , Muñoz Tinoco Victoria , Marande Ghislaine , García Bacete Francisco Juan
Published: December 2021

La popularidad ha mostrado mantener un perfil de relaciones con la competencia social, la agresividad (directa y relacional) y con los estilos de liderazgo en el grupo (influencia y dominancia) diferente del mostrado por la preferencia social. Si esto está bien establecido en la adolescencia podemos preguntarnos cómo se gestan estos procesos, esto es, desde cuándo tienen lugar. Se utilizó una muestra longitudinal de 1º a 3º de Primaria (N=292, siendo el 51,7%niñas). Se analizó la aportación de las habilidades sociales y la agresividad, por una parte y la influencia y la dominancia social, por otra parte, al desarrollo de la popularidad. Para ello se utilizaron modelos de regresión jerárquica y modelos paralelos para la preferencia social, replicados para cada uno de los cursos mencionados. Finalmente, se probaron modelos de la mediación de la influencia entre la competencia social y la popularidad. Incluso controlando la preferencia social, las habilidades sociales son el predictor más claro de la popularidad y su capacidad de predicción aumenta de 1º a 3º. La predicción negativa de la agresividad directa y relacional va disminuyendo con la edad. En cuanto a los estilos de liderazgo, la dominancia no predice popularidad en ningún curso, sin embargo, la influencia se asocia positivamente con la popularidad de forma creciente en el tiempo. Finalmente, se probaron modelos de mediación de la influencia en las relaciones entre competencia social y popularidad, hallándose que dicha mediación se produce de modo efectivo y que resultó consistente y estable a lo largo del tiempo. Sin llegar a presentar las relaciones positivas entre agresividad y popularidad que aparecen en la adolescencia, parece que la agresividad va perdiendo su capacidad de predicción negativa. Así mismo, las habilidades sociales parecen ejercer un papel proteger de un efecto negativo de la agresividad en el éxito social. En cuanto a los estilos de liderazgo, solo el positivo parece ser clave en el desarrollo y mantenimiento de la popularidad. Estos resultados apoyan solo parcialmente la hipótesis del perfil mixto o biestratégico de la popularidad.