bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The study on the publicity strategy and popularization modalities for intangible cultural heritage in China
Authors: Jiang Jingchun
Published: December 2024

This paper focuses on the promotion strategies and popularization methods of Chinese intangible cultural heritage. paper aims to explore how to effectively publicize and inherit these valuable cultural assets in the context of globalization. The study analyzes the current state of intangible cultural heritage promotion, identifies existing problems, and proposes innovative promotional strategies and diverse dissemination methods along with their future impacts. The research finds that integrating modern media technology with in-depth cultural exploration, and emphasizing interactive and experiential approaches, can effectively incorporate intangible cultural heritage into school education and community life. This approach cultivates interest and participation among students and the public, significantly benefiting the sustainable development of intangible cultural heritage. Finally, the article reflects on the future development of intangible cultural heritage promotion strategies and dissemination methods, pointing out the research limitations and suggesting prospects for future work. The study provides strategic advice and practical guidance for the promotion and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, promoting its global dissemination and exchange.
A study on the influencing factors of social platforms and dissemination of trending topics
Authors: Huang Lan , Liu Xingyu , Wu Lingxiaoxiao
Published: December 2024

With the rapid development of Internet technology, social platforms have become important channels for information dissemination and public discussion. This paper aims to explore the influencing factors of topic dissemination effects on social platforms and provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the formulation of information dissemination strategies. Based on the sampling method, comments under the representative posts are selected to explore in-depth the attitudes of netizens towards the hot topics as well as the popularity of topics by utilizing the sentiment analysis function of HanLP. Additionally, combining the characteristics of user engagement and preference on different platforms, the paper analyses how emotional expression, news media speech, and contextual differences affect the spreading speed of trending topics on different social platforms. The findings of this study emphasize the need to consider a variety of factors when communicating effectively on social platforms and the results are of great value to social media operators, brand marketers, and public relations professionals when formulating communication strategies.
The Transformative Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Innovations, applications, and future prospects
Authors: Shen Ruoyu
Published: December 2024

The modern applications of artificial intelligence (AI) are influencing developments in healthcare that could lead to radical advancements through increased accuracy of diagnostics, customization of treatment planning, as well as better efficiency in healthcare operations. This study discusses the transformative applications of AI in healthcare, including how technologies such as machine learning, neural networks, deep learning, and natural language processing can be used for diagnosis, personalized medicine, predictive analytics, virtual health assistants, surgery, and rehabilitation. At the same time, the application of AI in healthcare poses a number of challenges, such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and ethics. This study also explores the role of AI in global health, the need for policies and regulations, and the long-term impact of AI on future healthcare systems. Despite multiple challenges, the continued innovation and development of AI in healthcare bodes well for a more efficient, accurate, and accessible healthcare delivery system in the future.
A Study on Enhancing Transparency of Corporate Sustainable Procurement Based on Blockchain Technology
Authors: Wen Jiacheng
Published: December 2024

Against the backdrop of increasing integration of the global economy, supply chain finance faces challenges such as information silos, high cost of paper document transmission, and difficulty in risk control. This study focuses on the application of blockchain technology in enhancing the transparency of sustainable procurement for enterprises. Through an indepth analysis of successful cases such as the FILO platform and Walmart, the study reveals how blockchain technology can effectively solve the problem of information asymmetry in the traditional procurement process and improve the transparency and efficiency of procurement through its decentralization, data inerrancy, and traceability throughout the process. The study explores the potential value of blockchain technology in the field of supply chain finance using case study and model construction. The results show that blockchain technology can significantly optimize the procurement management process, reduce the risk of human intervention, promote collaborative supply chain operations, and enhance consumer trust. In addition, the study also looks forward to the future trend of the integration and application of blockchain with artificial intelligence, big data and other technologies, and puts forward relevant policy recommendations and practical insights, which provides a reference path for enterprises to implement blockchain technology to enhance procurement transparency.
Counteracting the negative effects of social media overuse on adolescent mental health: A comprehensive study
Authors: Liang Xinyin
Published: December 2024

In this digital age, more and more teens are now using social media. The impact of social media on adolescent mental health is one of the current topics of research. Researchers have found the progress of social media for adolescents, however, a series of problems of passive socialization still exists research lacks a unified explanation. The topic of this paper is adolescent mental health and the impact of social media. The research methodology of this paper is as follows: summarizing and analyzing the literature on the internet and collating the data from the different literature websites and putting it into this article. Many adolescents are influenced by these social media and thus suffer from mental illness. Finally, this paper provides a comprehensive review of existing research, points out the shortcomings of the current stage of research, and suggests possible future research directions and trends. This paper is intended to serve as a reference for researchers in the field of the impact of social media on adolescents and to provide some ideas and suggestions for subsequent research.
Nickel-Catalyzed Regioselective Access to Dibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine 5,5-Dioxides and Dibenzo[b,e]azepines
Authors: Ghosh Tapas , Mandal Uma Sankar , Ahamed Sk. Shamim
Published: December 2024

An effective technique that yields dibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine 5,5-dioxide and dibenzo[b,e]azepine derivatives through nickel-catalyzed regioselective intramolecular acetylene hydroarylation is reported. The developed method proceeds without the need for any additional external ligand. This protocol tolerates different functional groups and furnishes the desired products regioselectively in good to excellent yields.
Electronic structures, magnetic properties, and high Curie temperature in a CrAs monolayer under strain
Authors: Feng Yuan , Lu Qiang , Fu Wei , Ke Sha-Sha , Lü Hai-Feng
Published: December 2024

The exploration of two-dimensional (2D) intrinsic ferromagnetic materials has garnered significant attention in recent years. Most discovered 2D ferromagnets typically exhibit low Curie temperatures and unstable magnetic configurations under strain due to the competition between the direct exchange and the superexchange interaction. In this work, we apply the density functional theory to investigate the electronic structures, magnetic properties, and Curie temperatures of a single-atomic thick ferromagnet CrAs. Our findings indicate that the CrAs monolayer maintains half-metallic properties and a stable ferromagnetic state over a wide strain range of −10% to 10%. The Heisenberg exchange parameter J1 can be regulated linearly from 28 to 51 meV. Furthermore, the Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the Curie temperature of the CrAs monolayer (942 K) is much higher than room temperature. These intriguing electronic and magnetic properties reveal that CrAs is a promising candidate for various spintronic devices.
Nucleation study of AlN crystal growth on 6H-SiC substrates using the MOCVD
Authors: Lu Zhengqian , Wang Yuning , Wang Luhua , Xu Yu , Liu Yuhuai , Xu Ke
Published: December 2024

This study delves into the nucleation process of AlN crystal growth on a 6H-SiC substrate using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition technology through molecular dynamics simulations and experimental research. It was found that AlN predominantly exhibits an island growth mode, with nucleation morphologies mainly being triangular and hexagonal. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the surface morphology and atomic structure of AlN thin films and compares the fusion processes of the crystals. Through simulations, this study reveals the formation energy and adsorption energy of different nucleation morphologies and their adsorption capacities for Al and N atoms. Additionally, the research observed various types of stacking faults that may occur during the AlN thin film growth process and explored the formation mechanisms of these faults and their impact on the quality of subsequent films. Ultimately, it concludes that hexagonal AlN with double-bonded Al atoms at the edges possesses more stable structural formation energy and stronger adsorption capacity, which contributes to the outward expansion of its edges but may also lead to a transition of the nucleation morphology to triangular.
Electric field management in β-Ga2O3 vertical Schottky diodes using high-k bismuth zinc niobium oxide
Authors: Sharma Pooja , Parasubotu Yeshwanth , Lodha Saurabh
Published: December 2024

In this work, we have integrated bismuth zinc niobium oxide (BZN), a high-k dielectric material, in metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) and field-plated metal–semiconductor (FP-MS) Schottky barrier diodes on β-Ga2O3. This increases the breakdown voltage (VBR) from 300 to 600 V by redistributing the electric fields, leveraging the high permittivity of BZN (k ∼ 210). Enhancement in Schottky barrier height, by approximately 0.14 eV for MIS and 0.28 eV for FP-MS devices, also contributes to the improved VBR. BZN inclusion has minimal impact on specific on-resistance (Ron,sp). Additionally, the devices display excellent current–voltage characteristics with ideality factors close to unity and an on/off current ratio greater than 1010. This work presents the most significant VBR enhancement reported-to-date for MIS devices on β-Ga2O3 without compromising turn-on voltage and Ron,sp. A comparison of FP-MS and MIS devices shows that FP-MS outperforms MIS in terms of lower Ron,sp, higher Schottky barrier height, and improved VBR.
Modeling of interfacial diffusion in adjacent flows of polymer films
Authors: Dousti Ahmad , Behzadfar Ehsan
Published: December 2024

Adjacent flow of two polymeric fluids occurs in many industrial processes. Under these processes, entangled polymer chains usually undergo extensional flow and shear flow deformation fields, rendering orientation and stretching within polymer chains. In the present paper, the chain stretching ratio and interfacial diffusion in a symmetric bilayer film in the isothermal adjacent flows in a coextrusion process are modeled using the double constraint release with chain stretching model. Extension-dominant and shear-dominant flows are considered separately for ease of the modeling process. Also, the impact of entanglement density on the reptation relaxation is investigated to determine the entanglement density variation and its effect on the stretching ratios and interfacial diffusion. Our findings show that extension-dominant and shear-dominant deformation fields have different impacts on polymer chain stretching, affecting polymer interfacial chain diffusion. Our findings show that while shear flow with the strength of 30 s−1 increases the stretching ratio by 28%, extensional flow with the same strength increases the stretching ratio by 60% of the maximum stretching ratio for polystyrene chains with an average molecular weight of 200 km/mol at 175 °C. Our results show that initial entanglement density is effective on the chain stretching only in the transition step before chains reach equilibriums. This study highlights the impact of flow conditions and chain configuration in polymers on engineering the diffusion of polymer chains at the interface of layered configurations.
Upscaling drag reduction of rotational rheometer to linear pipe flow
Authors: Hashlamoun Kotaybah , Baakeem Saleh S. , Al Zabi Abdullah , Nassar Nashaat N.
Published: December 2024

Drag reduction (DR) is a phenomenon associated with adding small amounts of drag-reducing agents to reduce friction causing a reduction in the pressure gradient needed for pumping a solution under turbulent conditions. Traditionally, DR has been measured with linear flow devices, such as flow loops. Recent developments in rheological measurement techniques have enabled the evaluation of DR using rotational rheometers. However, due to differences in flow nature and length scale, direct comparison between outcomes is not possible. This study introduces nondimensional quantities, namely dimensionless pressure difference for pipe flow and dimensionless torque for rheometers, as the basis for comparing the DR results of linear and rotational flow. Theoretically, the DR expressions derived from these dimensionless quantities showed similar structures, featuring a factor with quadratic viscosity and linear density terms. Experimentally, DR tests were carried out using an industrial-scale pipe flow and a laboratory-scale rotational rheometer, using solutions of tap water with high-viscosity partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide at two molecular weights. Samples tested with the rheometer were collected from flow loop experiments, ensuring the same polymer solutions were tested with both devices. Results showed that DR, expressed as a function of Reynolds number using nondimensional measurements, follows similar behavior for both instruments. The experimental DR results from the rheometer were extrapolated to the pipe flow scale, showing overall agreement between extrapolated and experimental results. These findings suggest that rotational rheometers could effectively replace linear flow instruments for screening polymer solutions in DR applications.
Effect of solution flow field on evaporation-induced NaCl crystallization in acoustically levitated droplets
Authors: He Xuefeng , Tian Yi , Cheng Xiao , Zhou Yuan , Liu Liu , Lei Hao , Liu Haidong , Zhang Xinghong , Li Wei
Published: December 2024

Acoustically levitated droplets have exhibited great potential in crystallization studies due to their versatility with various solution types and the simplicity of the apparatus. By separating the precursor solution and the solid surface, the crystallization process could be observed and analyzed in a contactless environment. The decoupling of the crystallization system and surface physical/chemical properties greatly boosts the in situ investigation of early-stage nucleation and crystal growth mechanisms. However, the interaction between the precursor solution and applied acoustic field during the crystallization process is often neglected, which imposes significant influences on the crystal products. In this paper, visual experiments were carried out to study the NaCl crystallization process in acoustically levitated droplets. Image processing was employed to acquire the evaporation rate of the droplets, and particle image velocimetry analysis was used to characterize the flow field. Effects of droplet size and initial NaCl concentration were investigated, and the crystallization behaviors in the levitated droplet and sessile droplet were compared. The results indicate that the acoustic field introduced a forced convection of fluid within the levitated droplets, influencing the evaporation rate, supersaturation degree, and the morphology of the crystal product. The obtained mechanism is important for the application of acoustically levitated droplets and can be further applied to other crystallization research based on the acoustic levitation systems.
Experimental investigation of the atomization characteristics of pre-filming atomizer with low-temperature fuel
Authors: Wang Yibo , Zhang Ping , Li Wei , Liu Yunpeng , Yan Yingwen
Published: December 2024

Pre-filming atomizers are used in low pollution center staged combustion chambers, which face high-altitude and low-temperature ignition problems during the operation of aircraft engines. By using a pre-filming atomizer, a thin liquid sheet is formed on the plate and encounters a high-velocity swirling airstream which lead to the atomization of the fuel. In this study, an experimental investigation was conducted to explore the flow characteristics and atomization characteristics of a pre-filming atomizer with low-temperature fuel. The dynamic process of the fuel atomization in the pre-filming atomizer was measured, and the fluctuation frequency, breakup length of the liquid film surface, and the spray particle size in the secondary atomization area were obtained. The results demonstrate that the atomizer flow number increases with a reduction in fuel temperature, attributed to the increased fuel density and mitigated cavitation effects. Concurrently, as the fuel temperature decreases, the surface fluctuation frequency of liquid film diminishes due to the heightened surface tension and internal viscosity of the fuel. The aerodynamic shear force reduces as the relative velocity between the fuel and air flow decreases, leading to an extended average liquid film breakup length. And the spray particle size generated in the secondary atomization area increases slightly due to the relatively minor impact of fuel temperature on atomization characteristics compared to the dominant role of aerodynamic forces. Finally, the fuel temperature mainly affects the atomization characteristics of the pre-filming atomizer by the physical properties and fuel flow rate, which is primarily represented under small air flow conditions.
Bio-inspired design for impeller and diffuser optimization to enhance the hydraulic performance of slanted axial flow pumps
Authors: Yang Zhongqin , Tong Zheming
Published: December 2024

While bionic designs show significant promise in improving the hydraulic performance of fluid machinery, achieving these benefits in engineering applications requires meticulous design and optimization. Inspired by the biomimetic features of humpback whale and Atlantic bluefin tuna, we proposed a bio-inspired design approach to collaboratively optimize both the impeller and diffuser of slanted axial-flow pumps, incorporating leading-edge (LE) tubercles and trailing-edge (TE) serrations. To improve the overall hydraulic performance, several geometric design variables of LE tubercles and TE serrations were considered using a surrogate model for multi-objective optimization. In contrast with the baseline case without bionic design, LE tubercles and TE serrations significantly improved the hydraulic performance under overload conditions, increasing the head and efficiency by up to 7.59% and 3.47%, respectively. In particular, we found that the wavy shape of the LE tubercles promoted a more gradual pressure distribution around the impeller, reducing the formation of low-pressure regions near the suction side that lead to cavitation and decreasing the cavitation bubble volume by up to 19.40%. TE serrations were shown to minimize flow separations and vortex shedding, thereby stabilizing vortex patterns and reducing transverse flow between the serrations. Optimizing the TE serrations resulted in a 16.38% decrease in discharge passage loss compared to the baseline. Extending the TE serration section helped to reduce flow deviation in the outlet passage, decreasing the deviation coefficient by up to 17.46% under rated condition. An experimental comparison validated the advantage of the bio-inspired design approach.
Strain effect of phonon and electron in 1D crystals HfS3 and ZrS3
Authors: Ma Xinyu , Li Zhuo , Xie Shenghui , Wang Haowei , Liu Sida , Liu Yilun , Yue Shengying
Published: December 2024

Quasi-one-dimensional (1D) van der Waals (vdW) materials present significant potential for progressive applications owing to their unique mechanical and electronic properties, which are highly responsive to external stimuli such as strain and pressure. In this work, we investigate the thermal transport, bonding characteristics, mechanical properties, and electronic structures of hafnium trisulfide (HfS3) and zirconium trisulfide (ZrS3) under varying strains using first-principles calculations combined with the Boltzmann transport equation. Our results reveal that the transverse acoustic phonon mode exhibits parabolic dispersion near the Γ point under tensile strain, consistent with the behavior observed in one-dimensional carbyne chains. For ZrS3, both compressive and tensile strains lead to a reduction in lattice thermal conductivity. In HfS3, thermal conductivity decreases monotonically under compressive strain from 0% to −4%. Thermal conductivity decreases under a 2% tensile strain and increases under a 4% tensile strain. As strain transitions from compressive to tensile, these 1D materials become increasingly anisotropic, with corresponding reductions in bandgaps. These findings offer new insights into strain-engineered thermal and electronic properties, positioning HfS3 and ZrS3 as promising candidates for future applications in electronics and thermoelectrics.
Els processos criminals del segle XVI, espill lingüístic de la vida social
Authors: Casanova Emili
Published: December 2024

It deals with the linguistic study of two criminal procedures manuscripts, both dated to around year 1600. The texts, belonging to Catalan-Valencian language, provide good morphosyntactic and lexical information, which show the importance and the need to edit and study documentation of such kind in order to properly understand the evolution of language, because they are verbatim transcripts. Therefore, complementing the study of formal literary and administration texts, not only by discovering new words and linguistic attributes that may have not remained up to the present, but also by fixing the date when many other characteristics first appeared in time.

Typically, the unavailability of similar texts to scholars has not allowed to well-determining, how old and how deep-rooted, some of the discussed phenomena are in linguistic communities. For instance, the preposition ‘a’ + direct object, the final conjunction ‘per a que’; colloquial terms as ‘barandat’, ‘esgolar’, ‘sitara’, or ‘sellavors’; extinct terms like ‘malavejar’, ‘empényer’ and ‘espollegar’; Spanish lexemes like ‘assomar’ or ‘apexugar’.

Criminal procedures, also known Royal Court books, faithfully depict the ancient reality of different people, bringing to light diverse testimonies offered regarding the same facts; usually coexistence related topics. A great mirror of the daily life and customs of an era, which openly gives us their true colloquial and narrative registers, like a perfect voice recorder saving the language of the moment, on precisely dated and located documents.
A rapid method for fabricating and replicating microlens array structures
Authors: Chao Chung-Min , Hsieh Hsiang-Yi , Nagarjuna Yempati
Published: December 2024

Microlens arrays (MLAs) play a prominent role and are essential components in the fabrication of 3D imaging and optical systems. Traditional MLA patterns have limited applications, which prompts the demand for novel MLA patterns for advanced applications. The fundamental objective of this study is to demonstrate different types of MLA fabrication process within our department, employing custom-developed equipment for industrial applications. The three distinctive MLA patterns that were designed and developed are symmetrical, non-symmetrical and step-layer pattern MLAs. MATLAB and Auto CAD 2D software were used to design the MLA patterns, and they were developed on a 4 inch silicon wafer using maskless exposure lithography and thermal reflow techniques. The fabricated master mold acts as a template for replicating pattern molds on a glass wafer. Photoresist ma-p-1275 G and polydimethylsiloxane resin were used for pattern development on silicon wafer and glass wafer, respectively. The fabricated MLA patterns were characterized with an optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy. The fabricated MLA pattern replicas offer durability, longevity, reusability and scalability for large-scale productions. The current study offers a comprehensive approach to in-house production on different types of MLA pattern fabrications.
Improving micro-cathode arc thruster durability through semiconductor surface flashover (SSF) ignition technique
Authors: Wang Yanan , Wang Peng , Zhou Kehui , Jin Liyun , Sun Anbang , Ding Weidong , Wang Bo , Han Ruoyu , Yan Jiaqi
Published: December 2024

The micro-cathode arc thruster is a promising micro-propulsion technology. However, the short service life of the conductive film-triggering units is one of the important factors limited its application. In this study, a novel semiconductor surface flashover (SSF) ignition method is proposed aiming at extending the ignition lifespan. Owing to the inherently different triggering mechanisms and physical processes, the SSF ignition system does not require a balance between ablation and re-deposition processes, which could potentially improve the reliability of the triggering process. It was found that the ignition voltage of the SSF unit increased with the gap distance, whereas that of the conductive carbon film triggering unit remained relatively constant. Furthermore, high-speed photography revealed that the discharge channel continuously ablated the conductive film system throughout the discharge cycle, whereas it had less contact with the semi-conductive ceramic surface, resulting in reduced erosion in the SSF system. Using the SSF unit, 500 000 consecutive ignition tests were conducted, and demonstrating its good reliability.
Preparation of colorful glass/W/V2O5 electrochromic electrodes by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Jiang Chengyu , Zhong Liuwen , Zheng Yang , Ge Rui , Chen Lirong , Zhu Yanqing , Xu Gang , Xiao Xiudi
Published: December 2024

V2O5, an inorganic electrochromic (EC) material with rich color variation and natural abundance, has received extensive attention due to its polychromatic properties during the EC process. However, research on achieving multicolor tuning by combining the structural color generated from the light-matter interactions with the EC properties of V2O5 is rare. Here, based on the detailed investigation of the process parameters of V2O5, we propose a new optical design of the colorful EC electrode with the V2O5/W Fabry–Pérot cavity constructed by magnetron sputtering on the glass substrate. By varying the thickness of the top layer of V2O5, the reflective electrodes exhibit seven different initial colors. Importantly, the designed EC electrode exhibits a vivid and rich wide color gamut when applying a voltage of −0.6–1.6 V. After 200 cycles, the color of the EC electrode and device can still change, demonstrating the potential of the glass/W/V2O5 EC electrodes in the fields such as camouflage and anti-counterfeiting.
Dual-cameras terahertz imaging with multi-kilohertz frame rates and high sensitivity via Rydberg-atom vapor
Authors: Li Xianzhe , Li Tao , Wan Jun , Zhang Bin , Huang Qirong , Yang Xinyu , Feng Lie , Zhang Kaiqing , Huang Wei , Deng Haixiao
Published: December 2024

Terahertz (THz) imaging holds increasing importance across various scientific fields and practical applications due to its unique characteristics. However, achieving high sensitivity and high frame rates simultaneously remains a major challenge for most current THz imaging techniques. In this paper, we demonstrate an improved THz imaging system based on Rydberg-atom vapor, which converts THz waves into visible fluorescence. A high-sensitivity camera and a high-speed camera are used simultaneously to capture the visible fluorescence. Specifically, for a 0.55 THz source, a sensor with a minimum detectable power of 41.7 aW μm−2 at 100 fps and 43 fW μm−2 at 6000 fps has been achieved simultaneously, with an effective imaging area larger than 100 mm2. To demonstrate the spectral properties, the measured spectrum of the emitted fluorescence is presented with a high resolution of 0.1 nm. The demonstrated system can promote the development of the Rydberg-atom vapor based THz imaging technique to practical THz imaging frontier applications.
An enhanced GNSS/INS navigation compensation method using LSTM-FPN for bridging GNSS outages
Authors: Zhang Han , Wang Yingli , Shan Shuyuan , Wang Qianxin , Li Mengmeng , Han Fei , Duan Xiaojun
Published: December 2024

The integrated navigation system combining the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and Inertial Navigation System (INS) is extensively utilized for navigation and positioning, yet it encounters significant accuracy degradation in a GNSS-denied environment due to interference with the GNSS signals. To enhance the positioning accuracy of the integrated GNSS/INS during GNSS outages, this study proposes a compensation method for the GNSS/INS integrated navigation system, assisted by Long Short-Term Memory with Feature Pyramid Network (LSTM-FPN) model. This method corrects navigation errors in the INS by predicting GNSS pseudo-measurements and integrating them with INS. The LSTM-FPN enhances its adaptability to changes at different time scales in time series by extracting and fusing multi-scale temporal features, significantly improving prediction accuracy and the robustness of the model against noise and outliers. The results of real field test demonstrate that compared to pure INS, the LSTM-FPN significantly increases positioning accuracy during GNSS outages of 30 s, 90 s, and 180 s, with improvements of 90.19%, 93.03%, and 98.83%, respectively. Thus, the method effectively enhances positioning accuracy during GNSS outages.
Collision detection and fault diagnosis with DMAO-GRU for flow regulating valve
Authors: Liu Bang , Fu Zhuang , Hua Zuohao , Zhang Jiazheng
Published: December 2024

Fault diagnosis and condition monitoring are critical to the real-time and accurate flow regulation of the flow regulating valve. For the blockage fault, one of the main types of flow control valve faults, this paper proposes a collision detection and fault diagnosis method based on gated recurrent unit (GRU) and dynamic model-based adaptive external torque observer (DMAO). Firstly, combined with the generalized momentum, the DMAO based on multi-layer perceptron and system dynamic model is constructed. Compared with the dynamic model with fixed parameters, the estimation error is reduced by 25%. Secondly, this paper proposes a collision detection method based on DMAO-GRU. In the absence of an accurate dynamic model, the optimal performance of collision detection is achieved by parameter adaptive estimation and time series signal modeling technology, compared with other detection methods. Moreover, according to the estimation of DMAO and collision detection results, this paper proposes a method to detect the degree of valve port blockage and realizes condition monitoring and fault-tolerant control.
Physics teachers’ perceptions of using physical computing to develop future skills in school students
Authors: Alotaibi Afra Mohammed , Alshehri Saad Zafir
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this paper is to explore physics teachers’ perceptions of the role of physical computing in developing future skills of school students in Saudi Arabia. Quantitative data were gathered through questionnaires distributed to 45 physics teachers who had integrated physical computing in their classrooms. The study provides some insights into the variations of those perceptions based on demographic variables such as teachers’ gender, qualifications, teaching experience and type of microcontroller used. The findings suggest that physical computing has a significant role in developing future skills among students. Recommendations for employing Fourth Industrial Revolution approaches and including physical computing in teacher professional development are provided. From the viewpoint of physics teachers, this paper fills a significant gap in physical computing’s role in developing future skills among students.
Investigation of hydrogen peroxide yields and oxygen consumption in high dose rate irradiation: a TOPAS-nBio Monte Carlo study
Authors: Shin Wook-Geun , D-Kondo J Naoki , Ramos-Méndez José , LaVerne Jay A , Rothwell Bethany , Bertolet Alejandro , McNamara Aimee , Faddegon Bruce , Paganetti Harald , Schuemann Jan
Published: December 2024

Objective. TOPAS-nBio enables users to simulate dose rate-dependent radiation chemical yields in water radiolysis accounting for inter-track and long-term chemistry for pulsed irradiation. This study aims to extend the TOPAS-nBio chemistry for the special case of continuous high-dose rate scenario, where both intertrack and longer time reactions need to be considered, and to quantitatively validate the extended framework by comparing the results with experimental data. Approach. The inter-track chemistry and escape G-values were first evaluated by the independent reaction time method. The escaping molecules were assumed to have a temporally continuous distribution based on the G-values using the Gillespie algorithm. The simulation results were comprehensively validated by comparing with the experimental data at different dose rates, temporal pulse shapes, and solutions. In addition, the influence of various factors, such as the chemistry model, simulation volume, temperature, pH concentration, and organic carbon contamination, was evaluated. Main results. The validation results showed that the H2O2 concentration and O2 consumption increased with dose rate, and agreed within 3% with experimental data. Computational factors related to the chemistry model and volume size were negligible. pH and temperature had an impact of less than 10% in the experimental range. The presence of organic carbon and resulting reactions doubled H2O2 yields and significantly increased O2 consumption by about an order of magnitude at lower dose rates, while the results are almost unchanged at higher dose rates. Consequently, the dose rate dependence of H2O2 yields and O2 consumption were reversed at a certain organic carbon concentration compared to the pure water results. Significance. The extended TOPAS-nBio chemistry framework enables the reproduction of the dose-rate dependent radiation chemical yields of several experimental studies at different dose rates, temporal pulse shapes, and solutions. This new functionality is necessary to investigate recent high dose rate (FLASH) experimental results.
Pairwise hemorrhage-brain region interaction-driven hemorrhagic stroke assessment in CT
Authors: Liang Wei , Wu Haixiong , Guo Hongbin , Huang Zhanyao , Liang Shibin , Zhang Jinhuang , Zhang Huiling , Ma Xiangyuan , Xu Zibi
Published: December 2024

Objective. Hemorrhagic stroke is a major global health problem requiring rapid and accurate diagnosis for effective treatment. Despite advances, current computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) frameworks rarely account for the functional impacts of hemorrhages on specific critical brain regions and lack the detailed assessments essential for precise treatment. To provide detailed insights into hemorrhages, we aim to propose a CAD framework for in-depth hemorrhagic stroke assessment in computed tomography (CT). The framework includes segmenting hemorrhages and critical brain regions, intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) classification for identifying hemorrhages in critical brain regions and detecting hemorrhage volume. Approach. To capture the complex interactions between hemorrhages and critical brain regions, we developed the pairwise hemorrhage-brain regions interaction (PHRI) Network. Its emphasis a novel interaction head that integrates feature on hemorrhages, brain regions, and their interdependencies, enabling the model to learn these relationships during training. In addition, a Global-Local Fusion Unit was introduced to provide with image-wide contextual information, and an uncertainty-weighted loss method was utilized to simultaneously optimise the multitask framework. With institutional review board approval, an in-house hemorrhagic stroke dataset was collected, including 2,764 CT slices from 99 patients. A five-fold cross-validation was used to train and test the models. Main Results. The proposed PHRI network was experimentally validated to effectively extract hemorrhage brain region interactions, thereby significantly outperforming several state-of-the-art models in both hemorrhage and critical brain region segmentation, with an average Dice of 0.9064 ± 0.1079 (P

<

0.05), as well as in IPH classification, with an F1-Score of 0.8366. Additionally, the framework demonstrated good performance in hemorrhage volume detection, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.981. Significance. This study introduces a CAD framework for hemorrhagic stroke assessment, offering a novel approach that emphasizes relationships between hemorrhages and critical brain regions.
Analysis of deformation behavior of elliptical perforated auxetic metamaterials using a modified rotating square model
Authors: Wang Junjie , Zhang Mengchen , Zhu Yazhi
Published: December 2024

Although numerous studies have investigated the mechanical behavior of perforated auxetic metamaterials, elements, and structures, an efficient theoretical framework for quantifying the elastic properties of these extraordinary materials remains lacking. This study introduces a modified rotating square model that incorporates the deformation characteristics of auxetic materials with elliptical perforations, providing a more accurate representation of their behavior with idealized rigid square-spring–rod model. Finite element modeling of a representative unit cell of the metamaterial was employed to establish a database for parameter calibration and validation of the proposed analytical model. The results indicate that the deformation mechanism of the metamaterial is dominated by rotational deformation localized at the minimum ligaments between neighboring holes. The model predicts the elastic properties of the auxetic metamaterials with errors lower than 25%, demonstrating its effectiveness in capturing the complex deformation mechanisms of elliptical perforated auxetic structures. Additionally, the model contributes to developing design equations for lateral stiffness and shear strength in steel plate shear walls with elliptical perforated auxetic web plates. Future studies could extend the proposed model to other perforated auxetic metamaterials with various hole shapes.
Nonplanar wave modulation and rogue wave formation in lunar dusty plasma
Authors: Sabry R , Abdelwahed H G , Moslem W M
Published: December 2024

Motivated by the coming lunar missions, namely Luna-25 and Luna-27, scheduled for landing in the coming years, the investigation of the properties and characteristics of lunar dust, which, in contrast to terrestrial dust, adversely affects technology and creates significant risks to humans. As the Moon orbits Earth, plasma from its surroundings impacts its surface and dust grains above and below; thus, about one-third of the moon's orbit is occupied by the tail magnetosphere, which is thicker and more energetic than the tail regions’ very thin plasma. Therefore, investigating the plasma properties in this region is of interest to avoid any unfavorable waves that may affect on the space vessels electronics. For this purpose, we use a three-component plasma fluid model study non-planar nonlinear electrostatic wave modulation on the lunar dark side. A non-planar, nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) is derived to examine the nonlinear wave envelope, which is produced from the dynamics of lunar negatively charged dust particles, positively charged ions, and Maxwellian electrons. Slow and fast dust-ion acoustic modes exist. The instability region allows the occurrence of nonlinear wave envelopes in the form of rogue waves. The latter are proposed as a physical, temporal, and spatial concentration of energy within a localized wave packet, which is sufficient to establish accumulation particles and influence the overall stability of the environment. The relative ion-to-electron temperature ratio enhances the fast mode's maximum growth rate. The growth rate of modulational instability for the spherical mode is lower than that for the cylindrical mode.
Dynamic behavior and modulation instability for a generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonlocal nonlinearity
Authors: Zhang Kun , Cao Jiangping , Lyu Jingjing
Published: December 2024

This paper focus on the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation with triple refractive index and nonlocal nonlinearity, which is used to describe the evolution state of optical solitons in fiber optic propagation. Firstly, the complex exponential traveling wave transformation and substitution method are utilized to convert the equation into two-dimensional planar dynamic system, and then by phase portrait the developmental patterns of solutions are qualitatively analyzing. Meanwhile, the evolution of solutions under different disturbances in the system is discussed. Qualitative analysis of the system are displayed through Poincaré section and sensitivity analysis. Finally, the instability of the system is modulated by using linear stability analysis method, and the corresponding conditions for steady-state solutions and the gain spectrum function are obtained.
Optimized leakage control in CMOS NAND gates: the in-triggering technique
Authors: Arya Rachana , Singh Bijoy Kumar
Published: December 2024

Leakage power, now the largest contributor to integrated circuit power consumption, is rising quickly, according to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). As CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) technology continues to shrink to deep submicron levels, gate leakage and subthreshold have become important components that contribute to total power dissipation. To address this problem, many methods have been put forth, especially at the circuit level. In 45 nm CMOS, variability and short-channel effects limit noise margins and compromise gate delays, thereby compromising the timing closure and robustness of ultra-low voltage circuits. The resulting supply voltage guardband may reduce energy efficiency in order to achieve a reasonable production yield. Furthermore, the high leakage currents of these technologies decrease energy efficiency when idle intervals are prolonged. In this study, two designs of a novel two-input NAND gate at 45 nm CMOS technology are constructed using eight transistors (8-T). A novel circuit technique named ‘In-Triggering (INDEP with Bi-Triggering)’ is presented in this study with the goal of lowering subthreshold leakage in digital circuits. This method is thoroughly contrasted with other leakage reduction strategies now in use, such as Base, Sleepy LECTOR, LECTOR, INDEP, and Bi-Triggering procedures. Evaluation is done using key performance measures such power-delay product (PDP), latency, subthreshold leakage power, and total power consumption. 45-nm Predictive Technology Models (PTM) with a nominal supply voltage of 1 V are used in the investigation. According to our findings, the suggested In-Triggering technique outperforms the conventional NAND gate in terms of speed by 12% and significantly reduces leakage power by up to 56%. Furthermore, compared to the Base, Trig01, and INDEP NAND gates, the method offers mean power savings of 58.8%, 36.1%, and 30.7%, respectively. At supply voltages of 1 V, a comprehensive comparison and verification are then conducted utilizing the several proposed and existing methodologies. The effectiveness of the In-Triggering technique in reducing leakage power in CMOS circuits is confirmed by comparing these results to the most well-known design strategies for both active operation and sleep modes.
Environmentally sustainable synthesis of metal nanoparticle clusters and their prospective applications in biomedical and surface enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Rajput Hitesh , Kedia Abhitosh , Shah Dimple
Published: December 2024

In the present study, gold and silver nanoparticle clusters were successfully synthesized for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, using an environmentally friendly green synthesis method. Both gold and silver nanoparticles exhibit characteristic plasmon resonance peaks at 530 nm and 420 nm respectively with additional peaks at higher wavelengths (620 nm for gold and 580 nm for silver) suggesting the formation of clusters or assemblies of nanoparticles. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy analyses reveal that the synthesized gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles are predominantly spherical, with average sizes of 10–20 nm for gold nanoparticles and 15–30 nm for silver nanoparticles, along with observable nanoparticle clustering. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy analysis shows that the functional groups in the Azadirachta indica leaf extract, such as O–H and C–H bonds, participate in the reduction and stabilization of gold and silver nanoparticles. The synthesized gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles (showing stronger inhibition) exhibited dose-dependent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and antioxidant activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging assays, with silver nanoparticles showing higher scavenging efficiency compared to gold nanoparticles. Further, the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy analysis of methyl orange showed significant signal enhancement with silver nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles attributed to inter-plasmon coupling and the creation of hot spots in clustered nanostructures.
Scalar induced gravitational waves in f(R) gravity
Authors: Zhou Jing-Zhi , Kuang Yu-Ting , Wu Di , Chen Fei-Yu , Lü H. , Chang Zhe
Published: December 2024

We investigate the first and second order cosmological perturbation equations in f(R)
modified gravity theory and provide the equation of motion of second order scalar induced
gravitational waves. We find that the effects of modified gravity not only change the form of the
equation of motion of second order scalar induced gravitational waves but also contribute an
additional anisotropic stress tensor, composed of first order scalar perturbations, to the source
term of the gravitational waves. We calculate the energy density spectrum of second order scalar
induced gravitational waves in the HS model. Utilizing current pulsar timing array observational
data, we perform a rigorous Bayesian analysis of the parameter space of the HS model.