bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Diabetes Prediction: A Comparative Study Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Poly Tahmina Nasrin , Islam Md Mohaimenul , Li Yu-Chuan (Jack)
Published: June 2022

Most screening tests for Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in use today were developed using electronically collected data from Electronic Health Record (EHR). However, developing and under-developing countries are still struggling to build EHR in their hospitals. Due to the lack of HER data, early screening tools are not available for those countries. This study develops a prediction model for early DM by direct questionnaires for a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. Information gain technique was used to reduce irreverent features. Using selected variables, we developed logistic regression, support vector machine, K-nearest neighbor, Naïve Bayes, random forest (RF), and neural network models to predict diabetes at an early stage. RF outperformed other machine learning algorithms achieved 100% accuracy. These findings suggest that a combination of simple questionnaires and a machine learning algorithm can be a powerful tool to identify undiagnosed DM patients.
Conception, Development and Validation of Classification Methods for Coding Support of Rare Diseases Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Noll Richard , Minor Mirjam , Berger Alexandra , Naab Lukas , Bay Matthias , Storf Holger , Schaaf Jannik
Published: June 2022

Automated coding of diseases can support hospitals in the billing of inpatient cases with the health insurance funds. This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of classification methods for two selected Rare Diseases. Different classifiers of an off-the-shelf system and an own application are applied in a supervised learning process and comparatively examined for their suitability and reliability. Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning, disease entities are recognized from unstructured historical patient records and new billing cases are coded automatically. The results of the performed classifications show that even with small datasets (≤ 200), high correctness (F1 score ∼0.8) can be achieved in predicting new cases.
Interactive Voice Response Service to Improve High School Students Covid-19 Literacy in Burkina Faso: A Usability Study
Authors: Some Michel J. , Ouedraogo Ismaila , Benedikter Roland , Yameogo Rasmané , Atemezing Ghislain , Traoré Ibrahim , Diallo Gayo
Published: June 2022

Mobile technology is widely used in healthcare. However, designers and developers in many cases have focused on developing solutions that are often tailored to highly literate people. While the advent of the pandemic has called for people to seek and use Covid-19 related information to adapt their behaviors, it is relatively difficult for low literate to get easily access to health information through digital technologies. In this study, we present a Mobile based Interactive Voice Response service designed particularly for low-literate people which provides validated Covid-19 related health information in local African languages. We conducted a field study, among high school students, through a usability study to assess users’ perception. The service received an excellent numerical usability score of 78.75
Explainable Optimized LightGBM Based Differentiation of Mild Cognitive Impairment Using MR Radiomic Features
Authors: Shaji Sreelakshmi , Palanisamy Rohini , Swaminathan Ramakrishnan
Published: June 2022

In this study, an explainable Bayesian Optimized (BO) LightGBM model is employed to differentiate the Corpus Callosal (CC) image features of Healthy Controls (HC) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). For this, Magnetic Resonance (MR) brain images obtained from a public database are pre-processed and CC is segmented using spatial fuzzy clustering-based level set. Radiomic features are extracted from the segmented CC, which are further fed to BO-LightGBM classifier. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) technique is used to evaluate the interpretability of the model. The results indicate that radiomics based BO-LightGBM is able to differentiate MCI from HC. An area under curve of 0.83 is achieved by the model. SHAP values suggest that out of 56 radiomic features, texture descriptors possess the highest discriminative power in MCI diagnosis. The performance of adopted approach indicates that radiomics based BO-LightGBM aid in the automated diagnosis of early Alzheimer’s Disease stages.
The Transition to Distance Learning in the Era of Covid-19 Pandemic: The Perceptions and Experiences of Nursing Students
Authors: Magdalinou Andriana , Liaskos Joseph , Isaakidou Marianna , Mantas John
Published: June 2022

During the first months of COVID-19 pandemic, authorities of many countries imposed to educational institutions of all educational levels, the online delivery of their courses to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. We investigated the perceptions and first experiences of Nursing students that attended the synchronous distance learning undergraduate course of Health Informatics. Respondents’ perceptions and experiences were positive regarding the design and material of the course and the discussions with their peers while the technical support was negatively rated. Students could not decide if distance learning is more difficult than traditional or whether distance learning is more time consuming than traditional learning. Nursing students prefer traditional learning as they stated that they learn more and feel more comfortable to participate in personal discussions. Distance learning can be ameliorated by careful design, more interaction initiatives, creative methods to enhance learning and availability of timely technical support. Future research should be conducted in a larger sample.
Customized and Automated Machine Learning-Based Models for Diabetes Type 2 Classification
Authors: Mohsen Farida , Biswas Md. Rafiul , Ali Hazrat , Alam Tanvir , Househ Mowafa , Shah Zubair
Published: June 2022

This study aims to develop models to accurately classify patients with type 2 diabetes using the Practice Fusion dataset. We use Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Classifier (SVC), AdaBoost classifier, an ensemble model, and automated machine learning (AutoML) model. We compare the performance of all models in a five-fold cross-validation scheme using four evaluation measures. Experimental results demonstrate that the AutoML model outperformed individual and ensemble models in all evaluation measures.
Predicting the Length of Stay in Neurosurgery with RuGPT-3 Language Model
Authors: Danilov Gleb , Kotik Konstantin , Shevchenko Elena , Usachev Dmitriy , Shifrin Michael , Strunina Yulia , Tsukanova Tatyana , Ishankulov Timur , Lukshin Vasiliy , Potapov Alexander
Published: June 2022

In this study, we update the evaluation of the Russian GPT3 model presented in our previous paper in predicting the length of stay (LOS) in neurosurgery. We aimed to assess the performance the Russian GPT-3 (ruGPT-3) language model in LOS prediction using narrative medical records in neurosurgery compared to doctors’ and patients’ expectations. Doctors appeared to have the most realistic LOS expectations (MAE = 2.54), while the model’s predictions (MAE = 3.53) were closest to the patients’ (MAE = 3.47) but inferior to them (p = 0.011). A detailed analysis showed a solid quality of ruGPT-3 performance based on narrative clinical texts. Considering our previous findings obtained with recurrent neural networks and FastText vector representation, we estimate the new result as important but probably improveable.
Serious Gaming and Artificial Intelligence in Rehabilitation of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Varga Gabriela , Stoicu-Tivadar Lăcrămioara , Nicola Stelian
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a current situation of studies and applications which are using serious games and artificial intelligence (AI) in rehabilitation of rheumatoid arthritis, and possible future directions. The objectives of this paper are: to highlight the technologies used for recovery of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), to summarize the state of the art of existing applications and to present the authors work, a software application that aims contributing to the recovery of the specific patients. At this stage the application was tested by a group of 10 patients from Medical Centre Sf. Mary of Timisoara. Most of the patients reported that the physical and psychical effort were between easy-very easy. The patients confirmed that they would use the application in their rehabilitation process and are very excited about this type of rehabilitation that stimulates curiosity and a state of wellbeing. The application works based on the leap motion device that proved to be the most suitable device in terms of precision and the manner of interaction in virtual reality games.
Desempenho produtivo de soja em diferentes manejos de espaçamento e densidade de plantas
Authors:   Centro Universitário La Salle, Ferreira Vinicius Rabelo , Brito Ciro , Tomaz Camila de Aquino ,   Centro Universitário La Salle, Bravo Juliana Pereira ,   Centro Universitário La Salle
Published: June 2022

The spatial arrangements of soybean plants appear as important variables, as adjustments to the spacing between the lines, as well as plant densities, can result in significant productivity gains. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance of soybean in different spacing arrangements. No significant statistical difference was observed for the productivity variable, however, the economic analysis showed productivity gains (4.51sacks/ha -1) a gain of 7.2% R$/ha -1. Although this value does not represent a statistically significant value, for the rural producer it means a considerable monetary result, since for large properties this value increases gradually.
Productive qualities and their interrelation in Holstein cows of black-and-white breed
Authors: Rebezov M , Gorelik Ol'ga , Harlap S , Gorelik A. , Nusupov Amanzhan
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Purpose. Evaluation of Holstein cows according to economically useful characteristics and the establishment of indicators of the relationship between productive characteristics. Methods. Milk productivity was assessed by the method of control milking, milk quality indicators – by the instrument method on the Lactan-1M device, reproductive qualities – by conventional methods. We used the data of zootechnical and veterinary records of the IAS “SELEX-Dairy cattle” database, breeding cards of cows. Results. The highest indicator for milk productivity was established for full-age lactation. It was higher than the average by 1611 kg or 23.3 % (P ≤ 0.01) and by 1141 kg or 15.4 % than the maximum lactation (P ≤ 0.01). The duration of productive use of cows on the farm is 1.85 ± 0.07 lactation or 2.39 ± 0.07 calving, but the duration of use of individual animals is 9 lactation. MJ and MDB in milk, depending on the studied indicator, differ slightly and unreliably, but there is a tendency to increase these indicators for full-age lactation. Large coefficients of variability were determined by milk yield, and for lifetime milk yield it is more than 65.0 %, while for individual estimated lactation, the average, maximum and full-age coefficient of variability did not exceed 22.5 %. According to MJ and MDB in milk, the breeding stock is more equalized. Milk yield in cows increases up to 4 lactation, the largest increase in milk yield for 305 days of lactation was recorded in the second lactation – 937 kg or 14.5 %. Then the increase is 79 – 363 kg. Starting from the 5th lactation, there is a gradual decrease in milk yield for 305 days of lactation. There is no positive average and high correlation between milk yield and milk quality indicators, except for some data (6 lactation) and therefore they cannot be used when carrying out measures to improve the herd. Selection and selection for each indicator must be carried out separately. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that new data have been obtained on the dairy productivity of modern Holstein black-and-white cattle with a high proportion of blood in the Holstein breed. The correlation coefficients between productive traits in cows with a share of blood in the Holstein breed over 94.0% were calculated.
Educational migration: social threats, prospects and dynamics case of Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Mukhametzhan A.A.
Published: June 2022

. The article considers educational migration as one of the significant drivers for the integration development of the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. Educational migration is the basis of new integrational problems, and this question on the agenda of all ministers of education of the EAEU member states, because many students change places of living and more intelligent is trying to find the better life for them and for their family, which leads to the migration problem not only for students but for all people. This issue is not fully disclosed within the Eurasian Economic Community, that’s why the description of social threats and risks of integration policy in the field of education, as well as possible ways of development and prospects of cooperation is described and analyzed by us. Also, this work describes the forms of educational cooperation and the optimal organizational ways of implementing the EAEU integration. Much attention is paid to the method of statistical analysis of the students who arrived from the EAEU member states since 2019/20 academic year (statistics are given before world COVID19 situation for each country: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia)
Теоретические аспекты двусторонних отношений между Узбекистаном и Казахстаном в 1991 – 2016 годах
Authors:   The University of World Economy and Diplomacy, Khurramov М.K.
Published: June 2022

. In the 90s of the XX century in the world political arena, because of the collapse of the bipolar world order and the collapse of the Soviet Union, the process of transformation in the system of international relations took a big turn. These processes taking place in the world are also reflected in the relations between the newly independent Central Asian states. Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan are the two largest countries in Central Asia, and the relevance of the article is determined by the fact that the processes of economic development, security, political stability, interregional cooperation, and integration within the region are closely related to the state of relations between the two countries. Therefore, the strengthening of centuries-old friendship, good neighborliness, and multifaceted cooperation with neighboring Kazakhstan is of great importance in promoting the foreign policy interests of our country. In this regard, it will be important to improve the quality of close cooperation in the field of security, trade, economic, water, energy, transport, cultural and humanitarian spheres with neighboring Kazakhstan. The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the theoretical aspects of the relationship between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, covering 25 years after gaining independence. The purpose of the article is a theoretical substantiation of the history of comprehensive relations between the two countries, as well as an analysis of regional integration processes that have failed in relations between the two countries using various paradigms. Considerable attention is paid to the scientific analysis of the role of the leaders of the two states in the development of bilateral relations. The basis of the methodology was historical-comparative, systematization, problemchronological, content analysis, and expert methods. It is concluded that bilateral Uzbek-Kazakh relations are comprehensive and uniquely complex, which is why several modern paradigms and approaches to the theory of international relations have been used to reveal bilateral relations between the two states.
Analysis of China's investment in Afghanistan
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Bekmurat R.B. , Serikkaliyeva А.Ye. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: June 2022

Throughout history, Sino-Afghan relations have been considered friendly. Afghanistan illustrates many security problems for China. First, Afghanistan, which was plunged into a series of wars and conflicts, suffered from protracted wars and instability, and was left with an underdeveloped economy and a poor population. These situations not only deprived Afghanistan of peace and stability but also had a negative impact on border regions and countries. Although, as neighboring countries, China and Afghanistan are connected by a very short length, the insecurity in Afghanistan remains a constant problem for the Chinese government since Afghanistan has become one of the largest sources of drug trafficking to China. Secondly, the country’s internal security and stability are particularly vulnerable to the spread of terrorism and extremism from Afghanistan. Thirdly, instability affects the activity and security of Chinese investment projects. In view of the constant threat of terrorism, China will take decisive steps to strengthen security measures and intensify economic ties. In resolving the Afghan problem, China will act at the international and regional levels so that the Afghan issue meets the geopolitical and economic interests. This article analyzes China’s investment activities in Afghanistan and provides an overview of the relations between the two countries in historical retrospect with an emphasis on China’s national interests and policy in Afghanistan. The authors consider the statements of the parties after the withdrawal of the United States troops, analyze the channels of humanitarian ties, and give cases on the largest investment projects of China in Afghanistan. The article identifies the main motives and goals of Beijing’s investment policy in Afghanistan, with an emphasis on changing the agenda of relations between the two countries after the recognition of the Taliban by Beijing.
Tripartite tourism trade cooperation through the belt and road initiative
Authors:   Allameh Tabataba'i University, Shayegan M. , Tishehyar M. ,   Allameh Tabataba'i University
Published: June 2022

"Silk Road Economic Belt" and the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road" are part of China's multi-level, and complex network to revive the ancient Silk Road and reconnect countries along with it and others. Today, the tourism industry plays a prominent role to improve the economic growth and welfare of countries and it has an outstanding impact on global transformation, integration, and cultural reforms. BRI is not just a transport network but also contains cultural, and political aspects and emphasis on friendship, peace, cooperation, and mutual understanding and benefit. China seriously peruses tourism trade since 2015 under the BRI by offering “the Building of an Integrated Tourism Market along the Silk Road”. China and Iran two ancient Asian countries with extremely numerous historical and cultural treasures in their hearts, along with the newly independent Republic of Kazakhstan -with economic and security advantages-, can implement large-scale economic-cultural programs in the framework of the BRI project, in the term of Tourism Industry. This article aims to examine Tripartite Tourism Trade Cooperation between Iran, Kazakhstan, and China through the Belt and Road Initiative, Despite all economic and political constraints, enormous sanctions against Iran. More specifically Iran, along with Kazakhstan, could overcome a bunch of these substantial problems and expand their cooperation in the shadow of BRI, with the support of China.
Көшпенділер мәдениетіндегі «Асық» ойыны
Authors:   National Museum of Mongolia, Zhamsranzhav Bayarsajxan
Published: June 2022

As the main occupation of steppe nomads was cattle breeding, they used all their products efficiently. Animal milk was used as food, skin and wool as clothing, horns and bones as various tools. The bone from the animal's tail is called "asyk" and is widely used in the upbringing of offspring. Archaeological excavations in the areas inhabited by steppe nomads prove that the history of "asyk" is very deep. And our study of its place in the upbringing of the next generation was clarified through the elements of our archeological, cultural and linguistic resources, and tried to determine its place in our culture. As the two largest representatives of modern nomadic culture, linguistic and cultural ties in relation to asyk in Kazakh and Mongolian culture were considered comparatively
Түркі халықтарының қаһармандық эпостарындағы батырлар типі
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Zhiyembayeva G.T. , Maemerova A.R. ,   Nazarbayev University
Published: June 2022

Heroic epics take a special place in the rich folklore heritage of the Turkic peoples, which has developed over many centuries. The main character of the epics is an unusual native hero. The best qualities are accumulated throughout the life of a representative of these people, the main character of the epic – The Hero. In the epics, the place of a sniper, a hunter, a speaker, a hardworking, and a righteous hero is higher than everyone else than representatives of other social groups. The article considers the types of heroes whose activity in 200 the epics of the Turkic peoples is based on the unity of society and the country. In addition, the type of hunter/sniper hero who feeds his village, tribes with hunting, sniper, the type of batyr khan who defeats evil and brings peace and justice to the country, the type of bi batyr who solves problems and gives a fair solution, from small disputes to big disputes, the features of the types of Shepherd batyr who fought against injustice and discrimination of the evil rich are comprehensively analyzed and interpreted with examples from epics
Ежелгі түркі жазба ескерткіштеріндегі бірқатар діни тұжырымдарының іске асуы
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Mustafayeva A.A.
Published: June 2022

The Ancient and medieval Turkic monuments affecting language, history, religion, mentality, and other key issues of the Turkic peoples have great importance in the Turkic studies. The samples of the ancient Turkic heritage engraved on the stone represents a whole treasure that 210 has not yet been fully explored. In addition to the historical and archaeological value of these stones, there is no doubt that they can provide information about the spiritual culture of the Turkic peoples of that time, including their way of life, customs, and religious beliefs. The article considers several religious concepts that existed in the ancient Turkic society. They are an integral part of its religious beliefs. Compared to the medieval written monuments, ancient Turkic inscriptions are based on the "eternal stones" of the Turkic kagans. The main purpose of writing on stones is to pass on from generation to generation and preserve this message addressed to the Turkic peoples. However, the cracks that appeared on the sites led researchers to different conclusions, and also contributed to the formation of several versions of the translations. When studying the ancient Turkic monuments in Kazakh Turkology, first of all, the article considers the small and large inscriptions in honor of Kultegin, as well as the inscription in honor of Tonyukuk. The significance of the religion is described in the first lines of the two inscriptions of Kultegin, where the kagan begins with the name of the Creator “Tengri like and Tengri born” and “When the blue sky is above” (in the meaning Tengri). It should be noted that the word “Tengri”, which is also found in the medieval Turkic sources, goes back precisely to the ancient Turkic writings. The study examines concepts such as Tengri, Umai, eternity, death, and the nature of humanity
Parameters and prospects for the involvement of the European Union in resolving the Myanmar crisis
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Akhmetzhanova L.K. , Malgazhdarova M.M. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: June 2022

The Rohingya people's issue in Myanmar is one of the most pressing topics in the world today. Myanmar has historically had a problem with religion and interethnic strife. The Rohingya dispute, a Muslim ethnic minority living in Rakhine State's north, is the country's largest and longest-running conflict. The violence erupted primarily because of religious and socioeconomic divisions between Arakanese Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims, who make up most of the Rakhine State's population. This conflict goes back to World War II, and violent battles have occurred in Rakhine State on a regular basis since then, with the goal of driving the Rohingya out of Myanmar. At the end of August 2017, when the conflict reached a new level of escalation, hundreds of thousands of Rohingya were forced to flee neighboring states, fleeing violence directed against them. The international community, in particular the EU, criticized the Government of Myanmar for failing to take adequate actions and effective measures to resolve the conflict. However, the EU's actions in relation to the genocide in Myanmar have also come under criticism. In this regard, the author of this article will seek to uncover the involvement of the EU in the Rohingya people's situation in Myanmar, as well as the effectiveness of the EU's measures.
Қазақстанның білім беру саласындағы сандық трансформация тәжірибесін талдау
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Amantayev Y.A. , Dyussembekova M.K. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Zhanpeisova K.D. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: June 2022

. It is impossible to imagine the modern world without the Internet and digital devices. Digitalization is a global trend that covers all spheres of life and it is gaining momentum from year to year. Digitalization of the educational sphere of Kazakhstan began relatively recently, but the global pandemic and the associated urgent transition to distance education significantly accelerated the process of digital transformation of the education system. This article is devoted to the study of the impact of the pandemic on the process of digitalization of education in Kazakhstan. It provides an analysis of the problems that Kazakh education had to face when switching to online education, and urgent measures taken by the state and the business environment to solve them. At the end of the study, based on monitoring data from the State Statistics Committee, the authors analyzed and verified information sources, and SWOT analysis, the hypothesis. As a result of which the authors were able to assess the impact of the pandemic on the process of digital transformation of the educational sphere and consider the prospects for its development, as well as identify key areas for further improving the quality of digital education.
Some aspects of «Color revolutions» and soft power
Authors:   A. Myrzakhmetov Kokshetau University, Slavetsky V.Yu. , Bekeshev K.O. ,   A. Myrzakhmetov Kokshetau University, Satpayev A.K. ,   A. Myrzakhmetov Kokshetau University
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to such a phenomenon of the modern political space as the «color revolution», one of the effective and frequently used methods of realizing their foreign policy and economic interests by certain elite groups on the world stage. The purpose of the article is to determine the functional role of soft power, in the directions from its participation in the formation of protest potential, to the main trends of further development. As a result, the article makes certain predictions about the directions of possible modernization and the conditions that cause this kind of development of events. During the analysis, the authors came to the conclusion that the main participants in the political confrontation on the world stage in the near future will actively improve the technology of color revolutions and methods of counteraction, strengthening their constant application in practice. Thus, they are involved in a kind of «arms race» in the format of non-armed pressure on a foreign policy opponent.
«В подавляющем большинстве они являются агентурой японской разведки…»: «харбинский» приказ НКВД СССР № 00593 и закрытое письмо к нему
Authors:   Institute of History SB RAS, Potapova N.A.
Published: June 2022

The documentary publication contains the operation order of the USSR NKVD № 00593 («Harbinian» order) and enclosed to it a closed letter № 60268 «On the terrorist, sabotage and espionage activities of Japanese agents among Harbinians». At a meeting of the Political Bureau of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on September 19, 1937, the People's Commissar for Internal Affairs of the USSR Yezhov N.I. presented a draft closed letter № 60268, which reported on the directions and scale of the «activity of Japanese intelligence» in the Soviet state territory. The measures that ensued from this letter were set forth in draft order № 00593. The latter was also presented by Yezhov N.I. to the members of the Political Bureau of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. Thus, the closed letter was the justification for the beginning of mass punitive action 130 against the so-called «Harbinians», and the order was an instrument of carrying out this action. The operative documents sent out on September 20, 1937, to the regions of the USSR, set the algorithm for the operation, outlined the target categories, and determined the scale of repression. NKVD officers classified the «Harbinian» operation as «national» («linear»). However, the ethnic aspect was clearly expressed in the text of the documents. Victims of repression should have been not «nationals» and titular groups and the first Russian. The text of the letter and the order, in fact, identified two major target categories: «Harbinians» as former employees of the Chinese Eastern Railway and re-emigrants from China, as well as «Japanese spies». The dependence between the «Harbinian» operation and «Japanese espionage» is obvious. In practice, the expansion of target categories at the expense of «agents of Japanese intelligence» should lead to an increase in arrests under Order No. 00593. Both interrelated documents received the highest party sanction and previously haven’t been published together
1964-1985 жж. Орталық Қазақстандағы ауыл тұрғынының күнделікті өміріндегі денсаулық сақтау жағдайының мәселелері
Authors:   Academician E.A. Buketov Karaganda University, Saktaganova Z.G. , Ybyraikhan M.Y. ,   Academician E.A. Buketov Karaganda University
Published: June 2022

The healthcare sector is closely connected with all aspects of life since it is the main need of a person as a living being. The study attempts to determine the state of health care in Central Kazakhstan and to assess the peculiarities of its development, achievements, and shortcomings in the studied period. The article used the documentary materials of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, and the Central State and Regional Archives of the Republic of Kazakhstan. A comparative analysis of archival data with the materials of oral interviews conducted by the author with medical specialists (doctors, nurses) who worked in the healthcare system during the study period and Kazakh villagers of Karkaraly, Ulytau, Shet, Zhanaarkinsky, Nurinsky, Aktogay and other districts of the region was carried out. Summing up, the authors noted that the health care of the rural population in the 1970s - 1985 and its level grew every year and had positive dynamics. But the contradictions arising in connection with the specifics and complexities of Kazakhstan's rural life have largely not found their solution. The fact that the State focused on health care only on the problem of combating the consequences of diseases, and not on identifying and eliminating the causes, led to the fact that the issues of systemic provision of an adequate level of medical care to the rural population, especially in remote areas, were not resolved and gave rise to new problems and difficulties. The processing and analysis of published studies and sources were carried out using general scientific and special methods of historical science, which allowed us to characterize the health status of the villagers of the Central Kazakhstan region and the influence of the Soviet Kazakh rural health care on it in everyday life.
“Generation Me – Generation We”: Paradoxes of Prefigurative Culture in the Post-Soviet Space
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Turarbekova L.W. , Kanagatova A.M. ,   National online academy “Ustaz”, Saparova D.R. ,   Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Edelbay S.Zh. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: June 2022

The article analyzes the term "paradoxes of prefigurative culture" in the context of the historical theory of Strauss-Howe generations due to the period of improvement of digital information technology. The main tenet of this study is that innovative technologies change the nature of man and his social connections in society and that they are firmly embedded in social communications, professional activities, the way of life of young people, education, science, and other fields. The paradoxes of prefigurative culture suggest the existence of an imminent conflict. On the one hand, this conflict with fundamental concepts and categories is used to characterize the human being in all his/her manifestations, and, on the other hand, with new cyberculture to create a new person. The slogan “Generation Me - Generation We” implies two models of behavior peculiar to the post-Soviet generation Y-Z. The study uses the data obtained from sociological surveys in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, and the Russian Federation to identify such paradoxical situations in which they encounter "old" and "new" ideas about the essence of man, his place in the world, and his relationship with the world. The purpose of the research is to explore the paradoxes of prefigurative culture in the present tense, in the mode of the new digital reality.
Канат Ускенбай и Роман Хаутала. Парная рецензия, похожая на сталинские доносы
Authors:   The Institute of History of the State of the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Ayagan B.G.
Published: June 2022

The work analyzes the review of K. Uskenbay and R. Hautala attended a lecture by Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Burkitbay G. Ayagan “History of the Great Nation – the Golden Horde. Lecture course. – Almaty: Litera-M, 2020. – 224 p”. The author of the lecture course responds by expressing his position on the review of his lecture course, published in № 1 (138) / 2022 in the journal of the Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. The work considers the views of colleagues on scientific positions K.Z. Uskenbay, recommendations to the reviewer are made to improve the quality of his work. B.G. Ayagan fixes and substantiates the list of claims on the quality of reviews prepared by K.Z. Uskenbay and R. Hautala. It is indicated that reviewers do not possess knowledge of the work of the Timurid chronographer Yazdi (Yazdi) and Rashid-ad-Din, quotations from which works are used by the author of the course of lectures and those who do not like it. Besides, it is marked by their ignorance of the new scientific literature, where it is reported about the burial place of Uruskhan, the common ancestor of the founders of the Kazakh Khanate Zhanybek and Kerey. The author of the book also brings out a list of reviewers, whose works, which determine the scientific value of the course of the lecture B.G. Ayagan, were published earlier and were criticized by K.Z. Uskenbay and R. Hautala. It is noted that their work was not attended by the previous reviewers of the regalia and the work on the history of the Golden Horde and post-Golden Age states, which confirm their competence in the review of research papers. The author explains his position and the history of conflict with I.V. Erofeeva, which is often referred to as K.Z. Uskenbay in the criticism of labors of B.G. Ayagan. It is noted that the whole conflict is erased by amicable understanding. Evaluating the character of the notes written by K.Z. Uskenbay and R. Hautala, the author of the lecture notes that the passage in the text of the passage review that “in the whole book skips the anti-Russian Anti-Soviet position of the author” is similar in form to the denomination and labeling of the characteristics of the totalitarian system
Қазіргі ғылымның дамуындағы оккультті білімнің маңызы
Authors:   National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Shermukhamedova N.A. , Ibraimov T.K. ,   National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek
Published: June 2022

The periodic development of the philosophy of science is seen through several periods, including the relationship between science and esotericism. This also includes esoteric knowledge, occultism, religion and mythology. Noted philosopher and scientist Paul Feyerabend argues that «science should be de-centralized as the ideology of the scientific elite and equated with mythology, religion, and even magic». That is, the philosophy of science today recognizes a number of phenomena and hidden knowledge that go beyond the scope of science, but cannot clearly explain the mechanism of the emergence of mystical knowledge. This terminology is called occultism or occult knowledge. Man always has a special attitude towards mystical phenomena and supernatural phenomena. People who could not understand something without a scientific or logical explanation tried to imagine powerful «gods» responsible for certain events. Occultism is the belief in certain mystical powers that can influence human life. Communication with these forces is available only to selfless people. There are occult practices that help connect with these forces. The Orthodox Church considers the occult a dangerous phenomenon that has nothing to do with Christianity. Occultism is based on the idea of self-development and life outside the Creator. It is a delusion that the tree of good and evil is not only unreasonable, but also useful and harmful to humanity. Occultism is closely connected with the sin of pride and the belief that a person, for example, can turn to the forces of nature and independently endure all the hardships of this world. This article is devoted to the problem of occultism and its well-known currents, reveals their terminological features, meaning and content. The role of occultism in modern science, the relationship between science and occultism is discussed, and a historical analysis is given. The article shows the historical significance of occultism, the emergence and development of occultism, its main branches and directions, its actual significance.
ХІХ ғ. екінші жартысы мен ХХ ғ. басындағы жергілікті қазақ элитасы және оның трансформациясы (Ақтөбе өңірінің материалдары негізінде)
Authors:   K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University, Izbassarova G.B. , Maden A.T. ,   K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University
Published: June 2022

The article examines the socio-political activity of the Kazakh regional elite of the second half of the XIX - early XX century and its transformation. As a result of the administrative and political reforms of the 1860s-1890s, a new administrative division was introduced on the territory of the Kazakhs of the Orenburg department, according to which officials such as the volost administrator and village elders were introduced based on local self-government. The article 48 analyzes the functional responsibilities of the volost administrator and village elders introduced in the «Regulations». Based on the provisions of the 60-90s of the nineteenth century, the authors also consider the introduction of the services of the people's court, the volost mullah, studying the impact of these changes on social relations in Kazakh society, the activities and status of biys and religious figures participating in it. Also, the article separately analyzes the transformation of the institution of the bai at this stage. The composition of the Kazakh regional elite of the second half of the 19th century, in addition to volost and aul elders, included biys who served as people's judges, volost mullahs, bais, aksakals and other influential people. These were individuals with authority and influence in society. Over time, volost governors and aul elders became an integral part of the social structure of Kazakh society. During the period we are considering, the activities of representatives of this regional elite in society have undergone significant changes. Our article is devoted to the study of these transformational processes. At the end of the work, the following preliminary conclusions were drawn regarding the transformation of the Kazakh regional elite: 1. The Kazakh regional elite formed the basis of Kazakh society in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. Influential volosts, biys, religious figures, bais, aksakals continued to interact and solve the pressing problems of the people; 2. Volost governors, approved on the basis of the new reform, were eventually integrated into Kazakh society and became the main officials in public and political life; 3. Representatives of the regional Kazakh elite during this period underwent a transformation in social status and political influence. The Russian government strive to limit the authority and activities of the Kazakh biys, bais, clergy, and other influential people by introducing elected positions and various restrictions. With the establishment of Soviet power, repressive measures began against representatives of the Kazakh people and the elite, damage was done to their authority and status in society.
О статусе археологии как исторической науки (ключевые аспекты в мультидисциплинарном контексте)
Authors:   «Astana» International University, Kariyev Ye.M. , Samratova D.B. ,   State Historical and Cultural Reserve-Museum «Berel»
Published: June 2022

As we know, archaeology has transitioned quite a long and thorny path to an academic discipline with its source base, methodology, method, and other inherent attributes of a full-fledged scientific unit. With the intensification of the development of any humanitarian science and not only science, the processes, and trends of the need to revise its paradigm and fundamental provisions – goals, objectives, subject, object, and other basic justification are natural. Archaeology is no exception – now, in the academic environment of the archaeological world, the question of revising the place of archaeology in the science system is increasingly being raised, or at least determining an archaeology clear stance in the circle of historical science, up to its separation into an independent unit. In this regard, the aspect of the perception and interpretation of archaeology by the mother science now – history - is also of no small importance. In the article presented to attention, an attempt is made to analyze the key points of a possible paradigm shift and an attempt is made to determine the relationship of historical science to archaeology in the context of assessing its separation probability. The main difference in the treatment of the latter aspect is that, in addition to archaeologists' scientific opinions, representatives' views of historical science themselves are considered, including from the standpoint of possible rejection of archeology on its part due to potential disagreements in the above-mentioned cornerstone scientific aspects. The authors present their own perspective on archaeology's place within the historical disciplines, concluding, among other things, that it is necessary to develop theoretical and methodological developments that consider regional and other characteristics of a particular geographical area, country, etc.
ХІХ ғасырда жер аударылғандардың Семей облысы өлкетануын дамытудағы қызметінің тарихнамасы
Authors:   Shakarim University, Semey, Ibrayeva M.B. , Atantayeva B.Zh. , Mamyrbekov A.M. ,   Alikhan Bokeikhan University
Published: June 2022

The article deals with issues related to the objective study of one of the most socially significant and promising scientific areas – the local history of Kazakhstan. With the help of especially valuable documents stored in the archival collections of scientific libraries of Russia and in the collections of the Semipalatinsk Regional Museum of Local Lore, the authors analyze the activities of enlightened and inquisitive youth exiled to the Semipalatinsk region in the XIX century, who left a significant mark in the scientific study of the region. The subject of the study of the activities of exiles in the XIX century is reflected in several works on the history of exile, which is an integral part of the general problems of studying the exile system. They contain a variety of information, valuable observations, facts, and conclusions, to varying degrees concerning the activities of exiles in the Siberian region. Initially, many materials were fragmentary, fragmentary, and scattered, and there was a tendency to systematization in the works of the Soviet and present time. The article presents an analysis of the works of the first Western researchers on the history of exiles, as well as foreign researchers of the present time. New publications of archival materials, individual articles, collections, monographs, and publications on the history of the link are valuable sources of information. The article analyzes the works where the research, cultural and educational activities of the exiles are revealed and their contribution to the socio-economic development of the region is presented. The article provides a retrospective and large-scale analysis of the published literature containing the features and main trends of the activities of exiles in the development of the local history of the Semipalatinsk region
Calculation of usability as anti-corrosion of pyrimidine-type bases by density functional theory
Authors: AKBAŞ Esvet , KAHRAMAN Hamza , AKBAŞ Begüm Çağla
Published: June 2022

Metallerin korozyonu birçok endüstride ciddi bir sorundur. Metal yüzey kaplanarak bu sorun azaltılabilir. Bu uygulama ile metal, korozif ortamdan izole edilebilir. Korozyon önleyici, yüzey kaplama malzemeleri inorganik bileşikler olabileceği gibi organik kökenli bileşikler de olabilir. Organik bileşikler söz konusu olduğunda, bu bileşikler, serbest elektron çiftleri ve/veya π elektronları içeren fonksiyonel gruplar açısından zengin gruplardan seçilir. Bu çalışmada, antikorozif özelliklerini incelemek üzere Robins ve ark.'nın sentezlediği pirimidin türevleri seçildi. Bu bileşikler fonksiyonel grup, serbest elektron çiftleri ve π elektronları bakımından çok zengindir. Bileşiklerin antikorozif etkilerini teorik olarak hesaplamak için tüm bileşikler için yoğunluk fonksiyonel teorisi (DFT) yöntemi, 6-31G (d, p) baz seti ve B3LYP fonksiyonları kullanılarak Gaussian09W yazılım paketi ile kuantum kimyasal hesaplamaları yapıldı. Hesaplamalar, incelenen bileşiğin, moleküler yapının doğasına bağlı olarak metal yüzeyinde farklı şekilde adsorbe edildiğini gösterdi.