bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design Optimisation of Optical Planar Waveguide Sensor for Microplastics Detection in Water
Authors: Hanafi Ahmad Izzat Mohd , Razali Nazirah Mohd , Idrus Sevia Mahdaliza , Saris Nur Najahatul Huda
Published: November 2022

Nowadays, microplastics pollution has become a global concern as it endangers the ecology and marine animals and causes health threats to human beings. This paper demonstrated a simulation of an optical planar waveguide sensor design for microplastics detection in water via Wave Optics Module-COMSOL Multiphysics®. The design optimisation of the sensor was conducted by changing the cladding thickness ranging from 0 to 5 µm. The change in analyte refractive index ranging from 1.480 to 1.500 refractive index unit (RIU) in reference to the microplastics’ refractive index has been performed to evaluate the simulated sensing performance. The simulation results showed that reducing the cladding thickness can vastly improve the sensor sensitivity. The sensor showed the highest sensitivity in the absence of cladding layer i.e.; the cladding thickness of 0 µm with 107 difference in the order of magnitude of sensitivity compared to that of 5-µm thickness. Thus, the optimised sensor design with 0 µm cladding thickness assures an excellent sensor for microplastics detection in water.
Trends in Morbidities of Late Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Lockyear Chelsea , Coe Kristi , Greenberg Rachel , Clark Reese , Aleem Samia
Published: November 2022

Objective

To characterize demographics and trends in length of stay (LOS), morbidities, and mortality in late preterm infants.

Study design

Cohort study of infants born between 34 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks gestation between 1999 and 2018 without major congenital anomalies at Pediatrix Medical Group neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

Results

307 967 infants from 410 NICUs met inclusion criteria. The median (25th -75th percentile) LOS was 11 (8–16) days in the entire period. Postmenstrual age (PMA) at discharge increased over time for all gestational ages (p < 0.001). There was a decrease in invasive ventilation, receipt of phototherapy, and reflux medications observed (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

In this large cohort, late preterm infants had an increased PMA at discharge and no significant improvement in LOS during the study period. Multiple practice changes were observed. There continue to be opportunities to improve morbidities among late preterm infants and to potentially decrease hospital stays.
Inhibition of the lncRNA 585189 prevents podocyte injury and mitochondria dysfunction by promoting hnRNP A1 and SIRT1 in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Chen Huimin , Liu Yue , Zhang Tingwei , Huang Tongtong , Lang Yating , Sheng Qinghao , Liu Yingxiao , Kong Zhijuan , Gao Ying , Lu Shangwei , Yang Meilin , Li Xia , Luan Yaqi , Lv Zhimei
Published: November 2022

Podocyte damage is a crucial cause for diabetic nephropathy and end-stage renal disease. Moreover, mitochondria play an indispensable role in diabetic nephropathy and high glucose-associated podocyte damage. Through RNA sequencing, we firstly discovered that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) ENST00000585189.1 (lncRNA 585189), was up-regulated in the plasma of patients diagnosed with DN, accompanied with higher albumin/creatinine ratios. Additionally, RNA-FISH in the tissues and immortalized human podocytes identified that the variation of lncRNA 585189 was mainly located in podocytes. In podocytes under the high glucose condition, we found that the silence of lncRNA 585189 expression not only decreased the production of ROS, rescued mitochondrial morphology and the alteration of the mitochondrial membrane potential, but also restored the podocyte damage, reversing the aberrant expression of ZO-1 and Desmin. Through bioinformatics analysis, lncRNA 585189 was predicted to combined with hnRNP A1 at the nt224 motif, which was demonstrated by RIP, pull-down and EMSA. Meanwhile, under high glucose condition, declined hnRNP A1 can be rescued by repressing lncRNA 585189. With the treatment of cloheximide (CHX) and MG-132, we also verified that lncRNA 585189 depressed the stability of hnRNPA1. Intriguingly, hnRNP A1 oppositely promoted the expression of lncRNA 585189. Moreover, RIP, pull-down, co-IP and actinomycin D (ActD) verified that hnRNP A1 simultaneously bound with the mRNA and protein of SIRT1 and promote the stability of SIRT1. Besides, lncRNA 585189 repressed SIRT1 via hnRNPA1, impeding SIRT1 recuperating mitochondrial abnormity and podocyte damage induced by high glucose. Collectively, our findings revealed that lncRNA 585189 combined with hnRNPA1 at nt224 and depressed the expression of hnRNP A1 and subsequently decreased SIRT1 in transcriptional and translational level, leading to mitochondria dysfunction and podocyte injury in DN.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of the Liaohe Delta over the past 30 years (1987– 2017) based on an integrated classification and preferred features approach
Authors: Sun Jihong , Su Guohui , Song Huairong , Wei Helong , Liu Jingpeng , Lin Wenrong
Published: November 2022

Mapping wetlands and monitoring spatiotemporal variabilities in wetland regions are useful for providing basic ecosystem-monitoring data that are necessary for the protection and management of wetlands. The main objective of this work was to propose a new approach for monitoring the spatiotemporal patterns and reclamation of coastal wetlands in the Liaohe Delta region from 1987 to 2017. With the proposed approach, we aimed to improve the classification accuracy by using integrated classification and a preferred features method. First, after preprocessing the remote sensing data representing the four years of 1987, 1997, 2007 and 2017, we extracted the first component of the principal component analysis (PCA1), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI), soil index (SI), index-based build-up index (IBI), and tasseled cap transformation (TCT) values of the characteristic parameters, such as the brightness component, and then used the maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) and decision tree (DT) methods to classify the preprocessed image landscapes. Finally, we combined the results of the two classification methods with the optimal characteristic parameter band to form new data images and applied the MLC method to perform landscape classification. The analytical results showed that the proposed method can obtain a high average accuracy of 87.71% and a kappa coefficient of 0.85, reflecting a 16.50% higher average accuracy and a 20.72% higher kappa coefficient than the MLC results (average accuracy of 75.29% and kappa coefficient of 0.71). These results indicate that the proposed method is effective and feasible for long-term landscape dynamics research. By using this method, the landscape distributions of the Liaohe Delta wetlands in 4 periods were obtained. We found that although the area of reed wetlands in the Liaohe Delta region was reduced from 1987–1997 (from 1284.44 km2 in 1987 to 1006.70 km2 in 1997), the results were very good in the later periods, indicating optimized wetland protection (from 1040.20 km2 in 2007 to 1275.53 km2 in 2017). The coastal zone changed significantly throughout the study period, especially from 2007–2017; during this period, the coastline was significantly affected by human activities, and large areas of tidal flats and coastal suaeda were converted into salt pans and aquaculture areas, while ports, piers, and urban construction areas also continued to extend to the shallow-sea areas (resulting in the coastline land area increasing by 263.24 km2).
Triterpenoids in aerenchymatous phellem contribute to internal root aeration and waterlogging adaptability in soybean
Authors: Takahashi Hirokazu , Abo Chisato , Suzuki Hayato , Romsuk Jutapat , Oi Takao , Yanagawa Asako , Gorai Tomoka , Tomisaki Yukari , Jitsui Mana , Shimamura Satoshi , Mori Hitoshi , Kaga Akito , Ishimoto Masao , Seki Hikaru , Muranaka Toshiya , Nakazono Mikio
Published: November 2022

Aerenchymatous phellem (AP) is important for internal aeration and adaptation to waterlogging in plants. Herein, the extensive accumulation of triterpenoids such as lupeol and betulinic acid was identified in AP. However, the biological and physiological roles of these triterpenoids in plants are largely unknown. Lupeol is converted from 2,3-oxidosqualene by lupeol synthase (LUS) and oxidized to betulinic acid. Functional analysis of LUS genes in soybean revealed that GmLUS1 is crucial for triterpenoid biosynthesis in AP. Lupeol and betulinic acid were found to be the major components of epicuticular wax on the surface of AP cells, and they contributed to tissue hydrophobicity and oxygen transport to roots. Additionally, the lus1 mutant produced a shallow root system due to less oxygen transport via AP under waterlogged conditions. In conclusion, triterpenoid accumulation in AP aids internal aeration and root development for adaptation to waterlogging.
Signatures of odd dynamics in viscoelastic systems: from spatiotemporal pattern formation to odd rheology
Authors: Floyd Carlos , Dinner Aaron , Vaikuntanathan Suriyanarayanan
Published: November 2022

Non-reciprocal interactions fueled by local energy consumption are found in biological and synthetic active matter, where both viscosity and elasticity are often important. Such systems can be described by “odd” viscoelasticity, which assumes fewer material symmetries than traditional theories. In odd viscoelastic systems there is an interplay between the energy-consuming odd elastic elements and the traditional stabilizing elements. This leads to rich dynamical behavior which, due to a lack of appropriate numerical methods, has remained relatively unexplored. Furthermore, the implications associated with the presence of such odd terms in actomyosin and other similar anisotropic systems has not been addressed. Here, we study odd viscoelasticity analytically and using hydrodynamic simulations based on the lattice Boltzmann algorithm. We first outline how odd effects may naturally emerge from a theory of polymeric elasticity which can describe anisotropic systems like actomyosin. Next, we report on two striking features of odd viscoelastic dynamics: a pattern-forming instability which produces an oscillating array of fluid vortices, and strong transverse and rotational forces during a simulated rheological experiment. These findings can guide efforts to detect or engineer odd dynamics in soft active matter systems.
Modeling the outcome trajectories in patients with acquired brain injury: a non-linear dynamic evolution approach
Authors: Panunzi Simona , Lucca Lucia Francesca , De Tanti Antonio , Cava Francesca , Romoli Annamaria , Formisano Rita , Scarponi Federico , Estraneo Anna , Frattini Diana , Tonin Paolo , Piergentilli Ilaria , Pioggia Giovanni , Gaetano Andrea , Cerasa Antonio
Published: November 2022

In this study we provide a dynamic non-linear mathematical approach for modeling the course of disease in acquired brain injury (ABI) patients. Data from a multicentric study was used to evaluate the reliability of the Michaelis-Menten (MM) model applied to well-known clinical variables assessing the outcome of ABI patients. The sample consisted of 156 ABI patients admitted to eight neurorehabilitation subacute units (IRU) and evaluated at baseline (T0), after 4 months from the event (T1) and at discharge (T2). The MM model was used to characterize the trend of the first PCA dimension (represented by the variables: feeding modality, RLAS, ERBI_A, Tracheostomy, CRS-r and ERBI-B) to predict the most plausible outcome, in terms of positive or negative GOS at discharge. Exploring the evolution over time of the PCA Dimension 1, after day 86 the MM model was able to better discriminate the time course for individuals with positive with respect to negative GOS (Accuracy: 85%; Sensitivity: 90.6%; Specificity: 62.5%). Using a non-linear dynamic mathematical model, we can provide more comprehensive trajectories of the clinical evolution of ABI patients during the rehabilitation period. Our model can be used to select patients for interventions designed for a specific outcome trajectory.
An Experimental Study on the Effect of Graphite Microparticles on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Epoxy Matrix Composites
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad Mustapha , El-Tayeb N. S.M , Shazly Mostafa , Seleman M. M. El-Sayed
Published: November 2022

In this article, mechanical and tribological properties of epoxy matrix composites filled with graphite particulates of 100µm at loadings between 0-1wt% are comprehensively discussed. The effects of the graphite filler on the wear surface of the specimens was investigated using an optical microscope. Results showed a large decrease in the tensile strength of the composite by more than 50% for 1wt% graphite loading. Flexural strength was seen to increase sharply with 0.1wt% graphite before reducing with higher graphite content. Impact and hardness values are both improved with higher graphite content. Friction coefficient was seen to reduce with the addition of graphite particles, this was attributed to the solid lubrication abilities of graphite. Wear rate was seen to sharply reduce with increase in graphite content as a result of the lubrication layer developed at the contact surface hence reducing the break-off of the specimen.
A Dynamic Quantum-Inspired Genetic Algorithm with Lengthening Chromosome Size
Authors: Hakemi Shahin , Houshmand Mahboobeh , Hosseini Seyyed Abed
Published: November 2022

This paper proposes a Dynamic Quantum-inspired Genetic Algorithm (DQGA), which combines the quantum mechanics concepts with metaheuristics principles to enhance the search capability of the genetic algorithm. The proposed algorithm also introduces the lengthening chromosome strategy for a balanced and smooth transition between exploration and exploitation phases. Apart from that, a novel adaptive look-up table for rotation gates is presented to boost the algorithm's optimization abilities. To evaluate the effectiveness of these ideas, the DQGA is tested by various mathematical benchmark functions as well as real-world constrained engineering problems against several well-known and state-of-the-art algorithms. The obtained results indicate the merits of the proposed algorithm.
Investigating the effects of remdesivir on corrected QT interval in patients with severe COVID-19 disease: A historical cohort study
Authors: Saffar Homina , Nabati Maryam , Saffar Naser , Yazdani Jamshid
Published: November 2022

Purpose: There is little information about the risk of drug-induced QT prolongation by remdesivir as the most important FDA approved anti COVID-19 drug. Long corrected QT interval (QTc) is a marker of an adverse prognosis which may lead to torsade de pointes and degenerate into ventricular fibrillation. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of remdesivir on QTc in patients with severe COVID 19 disease.
Methods: This study was a historical cohort study on 249 patients with severe COVID-19 disease who were considered for intravenous remdesivir therapy. Electrocardiograms were obtained at the baseline and fifth days of remdesivir therapy to determine whether there is any significant change in QTc and QT interval following therapy. Blood samples were also taken at the time of admission and then daily to measure complete blood count and the plasma levels of potassium, sodium, fasting blood glucose (FBS), and creatinine (Cr).
Results: The results of this analysis showed blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were lower and total white blood cells and neutrophil counts, FBS and Cr levels were higher at fifth day than first day of study (P value<0.001). Furthermore, QT interval was more prolonged at fifth day compared with beginning of remdesivir therapy (379.51± 34.90ms vs. 366.72± 30.97ms, P value<0.001). However, QTc was not significantly increased at fifth day in comparison with first day (402.37±33.62ms vs. 400.76±30.18ms, P value=0.524). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed increased heart rate was associated with a significant decrease in QT interval (B= 0.955, 95% CI: 0.933- 0.977, P value< 0.001) (Table 4).
Conclusions: The result of our study showed remdesivir at usual therapeutic dose did not have any significant effect on QTc prolongation. However, there was significant QT prolongation following remdesivir therapy due to effect of HR on QT interval. It was due to the fact that remdesivir exerted a rate lowering effect with resultant increase in QT interval.
Association of rs6441961 with celiac disease patients from Punjabi Pakistani population
Authors: Ali Ansar , Khan Waqas Ahmed , Hussain Misbah , Zulfiqar Sumaira , Fiaz Amna , Masood Muhammad Adnan
Published: November 2022

Celiac disease (CD) is well known for chronic inflammation of intestine due to the gluten intolerance. Various environmental and genetic factors are responsible for CD pathogenesis. Studies have shown that polymorphisms in C-C chemokine receptor type 3 encoding CCR3 gene are important in onset and progression of CD owing to its prominent role in promoting allergic reactions and other CD-related complications. Various studies have shown that CCR3 rs6441961 T > C polymorphism significantly increases the risk of CD. Thus, the objectives of current study were to genotype the rs6441961 by using cost efficient and rapid genotyping assay, assess its prevalence in Punjabi Pakistani population and to check its association with celiac disease. Total 90 subjects were recruited and divided into two groups [healthy controls (N = 55) and patient group (N = 35)]. Tetra-ARMS-PCR was designed, optimized and used for quick, specific and less expensive genotyping of rs6441961. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were applied to check the association of rs6441961 with CD. Statistical analysis revealed that TT and TC genotypes were more prevalent in both groups, however, the prevalence of CC genotype was more in patient group as compared to healthy controls (25.8% vs. 18.2%). In spite of these differences, they could not reach the significance level (χ2 = 0.74, p = 0.69). Multinomial regression analysis also complimented the findings of chi-square test. In summary, in-house developed tetra-ARMS-PCR is rapid, accurate and cost effective. TT genotype is more prevalent in Punjabi Pakistani population. The risk of CD in Punjabi Pakistani population is not influenced by CCR3 rs6441961 T > C polymorphism.
A novel digital arthrometer to measure anterior tibial translation: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Wu Danni , Wang Donghai , Han Yongjie , Guo Luqi , Zhou Lan , Zhang Ziyan , Zhao Yaqi , Li Jixin , Zhang Ling , Luo Ye , Wang Shaobai
Published: November 2022

Background
Measurement of knee laxity after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is crucial for appropriate treatment and rehabilitation decision-making. This study examined the potential of a new digital arthrometer (Ligs, Innomotion, Shanghai, China) to quantify anterior tibial translation (ATT) in patients with ACL injuries and in healthy subjects.
Methods
A total of 60 participants included 30 subjects with single-leg ACL injuries and 30 healthy subjects included as controls. The lower leg was immobilized and a thrust under a dynamic load of 0–150 N was gradually applied posteriorly, with continuous displacement recorded. ATT and side-to-side differences (SSD) between the control and ACL injury groups were compared. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the Ligs.
Results
The interrater ICC was 0.909 and the intrarater ICC was 0.943. Significant differences in the SSD were observed between the control and ACL injury groups (for all P < 0.05), with the largest effect size (ES = 1.12) at 80 N. When comparing ATT at different loads between injured and healthy sides in the ACL injury group, displacement was statistically significant at different loads. At a load of 150 N, the AUC was the maximum (0.857) and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.87 and 0.73, respectively.
Conclusions
A digital arthrometer can be used as a quantitative instrument to quantify knee laxity. Quantitative measurement of ATT and SSD under controlled loading can be an objective and effective tool for clinical practice.
Degradation Behaviors and Accumulative effects of Coexisting Chlorobenzene Congeners on the Dechlorination of Hexachlorobenzene in soil by nanoscale zero-valent iron
Authors: Wang Qi
Published: November 2022

It is well known that many chlorinated organic pollutants can be dechlorinated by nanoscale zero-valent iron. However, in the real chlorinated organic compounds contaminated soil, high chlorinated organic pollutants and low chlorinated organic pollutants often coexist and their dechlorination behaviors are poorly known, such as hexachlorobenzene. In this work, the degradation behaviors of three coexisting chlorobenzene congeners pentachlorobenzene (PeCB), 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,4,5-TeCB) and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB) and the influence of initial pH and reaction temperature on the dechlorination of HCB in HCB-contaminated soil by nanoscale zero-valent iron were studied. The amount and extent of accumulated coexisting chlorobenzenes was analyzed under different environmental conditions. The results indicate that nanoscale zero-valent iron can improve the degradation efficiency of high-toxic chlorinated benzenes and reduce the accumulative effects of high-toxic chlorinated benzenes on dechlorination of HCB. The accumulative effects of three coexisting chlorobenzene congeners on the dechlorination of HCB were ranked as follows: 1,2,4-TCB > 1,2,4,5-TeCB > PeCB.
SNTB1 and ZFHX1B Gene Polymorphisms in Northern Chinese Han Population with High Myopia
Authors: Xu Youmei , Pan Meng , Liu Zhenzhen , Jin Xuemin , Du Liping , Zhou Pengyi
Published: November 2022

Aim
To explore the association between SNTB1 and ZFHX1B gene polymorphisms with high myopia (HM) in northern Chinese Han population
Materials and Methods
This study used case- control method and included 457 HM and 860 normal control subjects from northern Chinese Han participants. The four Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs7839488, rs4395927, rs4455882,and rs6469937) in SNTB1 gene and one SNP in ZFHX1B gene(rs13382811 were chosen with two previous GWAS studies. We compared to assess the association of allelic frequencies and haplotypes between HM with normal controls. The allele and genotype distributions of SNPs in SNTB1 and ZFHX1B gene were compared between two groups by Chi-square test and Fisher exact correction. The pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype analysis was performed using SHEsis software
Results
For HM subjects, the mean age was 44.80 ± 17.11 years, and for the control subjects, it was 44.41 ± 14.26 years. There was a linkage disequilibrium (LD) in SNTB1 (rs4395927 and rs4455882). The result showed that C-A haplotype frequency was a little higher in HM subjects than that of the controls (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.01–1.52, P = 0.038). In the meanwhile, the result showed that T-G haplotype frequency was a little lower in HM group (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.66–0.99, P = 0.038). In ZFHX1B gene, the frequency of the minor T allele of rs13382811was significant higher in HM group than in control group (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.41–1.65, P = 0.005) Furthermore, in the CT genotype, there was significant differences in genotype frequency (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.23-2.00, P = 0.001). In dominant model, there was a significant difference (TT + CT vs. CC, OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.23–1.95, P = 0.001).
Conclusions
The SNTB1 and ZFHX1B were both risk genes and increased susceptibility in northern Chinese Han population with high myopia.
Impacts of Illegal Gold Panning on Surface Water Quality in Umzingwane River of Umzingwane District, Zimbabwe
Authors: Muringaniza Kudakwashe C.R. , Mavugara Roberta , Musasa Tatenda , Lembani Confidence
Published: November 2022

The study assessed the impacts of illegal gold panning on surface water quality in Umzingwane River. The study adopted a mixed methods research design. In this case, questionnaires and interviews were used to gather information on poor surface water quality problems and its impacts on aquatic vegetation. Three sampling points were noted and were named 1, 2 and 3 with site 1 located before the illegal gold mining zone and site 2 was adjacent to the mining zone and site 3 after the mining zone. Samples were taken for the dry season (September) and the wet season (December). Three grab samples were taken at each sampling point to make a composite sample. Based on the results obtained illegal gold mining along Umzingwane River cutting across Umzingwane district ward 4 has led to contaminated surface water quality as all the surface water quality physicochemical parameters such as PH, COD, dissolved solids, dissolved substances, turbidity, copper and iron at some point were above the WHO and SAZ standards especially at site 2 and 3. This raises concern as the river is a major source of water for a number of human activities and hence the need to maintain its quality at desirable level. There is need for responsible authorities to find alternatives sources of water or adopt new technology of water treatment of raw water and also reduce the levels of pollution in the river.
Sharing and re-using learning objects Using web-mining techniques and Clustering algorithms
Authors: Amane Meryem , Aissaoui Karima , Berrada Mohammed
Published: November 2022

The development of learning objects and e-pedagogical practices has significantly influenced and changed the performance of e-learning systems. This development promotes a genuine sharing of resources and creates new opportunities for learners to explore them easily. Therefore, the need for a system of categorization of these objects becomes mandatory. In this vein, classification theories combined with web mining techniques can highlight the performance of these learning objects and make them very useful for learners. This study consists of two main phases. First, we extract metadata from learnings objects, using the algorithm of Web exploration techniques such as feature selection techniques, which are mainly implemented to find the best set of features that allow us to build useful models. The key role of feature selection in learning object classification is to identify pertinent features and eliminate redundant features from an excessively dimensional dataset. Second, we identify learning objects according to a particular form of similarity using Multi-Label Classification (MLC) based on Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) algorithms. As a clustering algorithm, FCM is used to perform classification accuracy according to Euclidean distance metrics as similarity measurement. Finally, to assess the effectiveness of learning objects with FCM, a series of experimental studies using a real-world dataset were conducted. The findings of this study indicate that the proposed approach exceeds the traditional approach and leads to viable results.
Solving inverse problems in physics by optimizing a discrete loss is much more faster and accurate without neural networks
Authors: Karnakov Petr , Litvinov Sergey , Koumoutsakos Petros
Published: November 2022

In recent years there is a wealth of activities for solving inverse problems in physics described by partial differential equations (PDEs) using neural networks (NNs). In these efforts, the solution of the PDEs are expressed as NNs that are trained through the minimization of a loss function involving the PDE. Here we show how to accelerate this approach by five orders of magnitude by deploying, instead of NNs, classical PDE approximations that are facilitated by machine learning tools. The framework of Optimizing a Discrete Loss (ODIL), minimizes a cost function for discrete approximations of the PDEs using gradient-based and Gauss-Newton methods. The framework relies on grid-based discretizations of PDEs and inherits their accuracy, convergence, and conservation properties. The implementation of the method is facilitated by adopting broadly accessible machine learning tools for automatic differentiation. We present applications to PDE-constrained optimization, optical flow, system identification, and data assimilation. We compare ODIL with the popular method of Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNS) and show that it outperforms it by up to five orders of magnitude in computational speed while having better accuracy and convergence rates. We evaluate the method on various forward and inverse problems involving linear and nonlinear partial differential equations including the Navier-Stokes equations for flow reconstruction problems. The present framework interfaces numerical methods and machine learning and presents a powerful tool for solving effectively challenging inverse problems across scientific domains.
A Note on the Correct View of Adiabatic Process
Authors: Bharathraj Goddalehundi
Published: November 2022

Note: Please see pdf for full abstract with equations
An adiabatic process is described as a thermodynamic process where there is no exchange of heat or mass between the system and its surroundings. However there will be an exchange of mechanical work. In this article we specifically consider a class of adiabatic processes where the imposed external pressure remains constant until the system pressure comes in equilibrium with the imposed external pressure. We normally use the expression PVγ = Constant to describe such processes, but surprisingly it does not satisfy the 1st Law of Thermodynamics. If Pi, Pƒ are the initial and final state Pressure and Vi, Vƒ are the initial and final state Volume of gas in a cylinder, then the correct expression we get is Vƒ = Vi(1 + Pi/Pƒ ƒ/2) / (1 + ƒ/2), where ƒ = degree of freedom of the gas molecules. Also note, γ = (ƒ +2) / ƒ. We can also derive PiVγi = PƒVγƒ when Pƒ ≈ Pi in the correct expression. Another point we can note is this process is inherently irreversible.
HeliDye1: helquat fluorogenic probe specific for AT-rich DNA duplexes
Authors: Kužmová Erika , Joshi Vishwas , Kozák Jaroslav , Severa Lukáš , Bednarova Lucie , Yurenko Yevgen , Dobiaš Juraj , Pecina Adam , Köprülüoğlu Cemal , Jurečka Petr , Lepšík Martin , Hobza Pavel , Cisarova Ivana , Pohl Radek , Jurkiewicz Piotr , Cebecauer Marek , Trojanec Radek , Dzubak Petr , Hajduch Marian , Teplý Filip , Reyes-Gutiérrez Paul , Zawada Zbigniew
Published: November 2022

DNA-binding fluorescent probes are useful tools in cell biology for various applications enabling visualisation and quantification of DNA. Herein, we report on HeliDye1, a novel cationic helicene-like DNA probe, and its versatile usability. HeliDye1 exhibits fluorescence exclusively in the presence of DNA duplexes containing AT base pairs and (contrary to any recent DNA probe) it remains non-fluorescent in the presence of single-stranded DNA and RNA. Favourable chemical properties of HeliDye1 allowed its use in super-resolution microscopy and DNA quantification using flow cytometry. We present five more applications of HeliDye1. Viscosimetry showed that HeliDye1 is a minor groove binder. HeliDye1 interacts with double-stranded DNA as an induced (P)-enantiomer, which we confirmed by ECD spectroscopy and DFT calculations. ECD spectroscopy suggested the formation of HeliDye1 dimers. MD simulations predicted the structures of (P)-HeliDye1 dimers inside DNA and showed their stability in AT-rich sequences and instability in GC-rich sequences.
STUDY OF OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS OF CHRONIC SIMPLE GLAUCOMA UNDERGOING SMALL INCISION CATARACT SURGERY WITH TRABECULECTOMY
Authors: Wable Shraddha , Badhe Kishor , Venkateswaran Shwetha
Published: November 2022

Aim:To study outcomes of procedure ( Small incision cataract surgery with PCIOL implantation with trabeculectomy) in terms of visual acuity , intraocular pressure and complications. Methodology: A hospital based descriptive longitudinal study was done on 22 patients with chronic simple glaucoma operated at Pravara rural hospital ,Loni. The pre-operative and post operative data was collected in terms of Visual Acuity recorded with Snellens chart and Intra Ocular pressure recorded with help of Applanation Tonometer or Non Contact Tonometer in uncooperative patients. The Trabeculectomy and SICS with PCIOL were performed at separates site.The preoperative mean IOP was 28 mmHg with good functional visual acuity ranging from Finger counting 4 meters to 6/24 with coexisting cataract. The IOP and VA were noted post operative 1 Week and 6 weeks. Results: Mean age of the patients in the study was 74 , 5 ( 22.7 %) were less than and equal to 60 years , 8 ( 36.3 % ) were between 61 and 70 years , 7 ( 31.8 % ) were between 71 and 80 years , 2 ( 9.1 %) were above 80 years .Out 0f 22 patients , 16 (72.7%) were male and 6 ( 27.3) were female .Mean intraocular pressure on post operative 1 week and 6 weeks was 17.3 mmHg and 17 mmHg respectively . Significant visual improvement was seen in patients who underwent combine surgery .Postoperative BCVA at 6 weeks below 6 / 60 in 3 patients (13.6 %) , between 6 /60 to 6/24 in 9 ( 40 .9 %) , above 6 /24 in 10 patients (45.5 %). Conclusion: Management of coexisting cataract with chronic simple glaucoma in one setting has advantage of no financial burden as financial burden is main cause of non compliance in the poor rural population.
INFORMATION SECURITY POLICY: ESTABLISHING RULES AND STANDARDS OF USE AMONG EMPLOYEES
Authors: De Sousa Lopes Felipe , Giovanne Marafigo Oliveira Mario , Mark Lobo De Oliveira Jean
Published: November 2022

Harmony between sectors of a company is something that adds a lot of value to the institution even more when it comes to the IT sector in relation to the others. Information security aims to adequately protect data from the various existing threats, and information security policy governs it. This is the basic theme of this article, in which the application proposal addressed aims to identify how it reflects in the area of information technology in relation to employees within a social concept of behavior in the face of some barriers imposed on sectors at the level of access. Within the context studied, the methodology applied to achieve the objective had a case study that provided the necessary data. Through the survey directly linked to the facts, the applied research raised the consequences of the theme. In addition to empirical and descriptive research, which through structured interviews used reports and documents, contributing to the understanding of the reflexes that occurred between the sectors related to the Security Policy.
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES ON MENSTRUATION AMONG EARLY ADOLESCENT GIRLS STUDYING IN SELECTED SCHOOLS, PUNJAB
Authors:   M.SC Nursing 2NDYear,2014TO 2016 Batch, Saraswati Nursing Institute, Dhianpura,Roopnagar, Punjab., Rani Nisha , B. Pebma Kiran ,   Lecturer OF Obstetrics And Gynaecological Nursing, Saraswati Nursing Institute, Dhianpura,Roopnagar, Punjab.
Published: November 2022

Background: Adolescence is a period of rapid transition in life from childhood to adulthood. Menarche is a significant milestone in the transitory developmental journey of an adolescent. A normal menstrual cycle is an important determinant of reproductive development during adolescence. An adolescent girl should be made aware of the phenomenon of menstruation at least a little ahead of its occurrence, so as to enable her to accept it as a normal developmental process and manage it appropriately. Menstruation is a phenomenon unique to the females. The first menstruation (menarche) occurs between 11 and 15 years with a mean of 13 year Menstruation is still regarded as something unclean or dirty in Indian society. Objective: The Investigator Conducted the study with an objective to assess the knowledge regarding adaptive strategies on menstruation among early adolescent girls studying in selected schools Punjab. Conceptual frame work: Modified Conceptual frame work on Health Belief Model (1950) Methodology: A quantitative research approach was adopted for this study and descriptive survey design was employed to assess the knowledge regarding adaptive strategies on menstruation among early adolescent girls in selected schools, Punjab. Total 200 early adolescent girls were selected by using, convenient sampling technique. The knowledge questionnaire regarding menstrual adaptive strategies and checklist regarding menstrual practices was used for data collection by self report method. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. Result: The study results revealed that 89.5% subjects had average knowledge score regarding adaptive strategies on menstruation while 5.5% subjects had good knowledge score regarding adaptive strategies on menstruation only 5% subjects had below average knowledge score regarding adaptive strategies on menstruation. Conclusion: The finding of the study conducted that the strong need of creating awareness and providing knowledge related adaptive strategies in menstruation as per their need requirement, investigator has delivered health teaching programme to the subjects even though it was not a part of the research objectives.
SYNTHESIS AND FPGA VALIDATION OF PARALLEL PREFIX ADDERS
Authors:   M Tech Student, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering,R. V. College Of Engineering, Bengaluru., S. Sandeep , V. Kiran ,   Associate Professor, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, R. V. College Of Engineering, Bengaluru.
Published: November 2022

In this work, the design implementation, functionality testing, design synthesis and bitstream generation of various n-bit adder architecture of RCA, CLA, CSkA and KSA. And addresses various forms of adders which include Ripple-carry (RCA), Carry-lookahead (CLA), Carry-skip (CSkA), and Kogge-stone (KSA) adders. Certain design restrictions for digital VLSI circuits, such speed and area, can be satisfied using these adders. All the mentioned adder are designed using Verilog HDL, implemented the same on Xilinx Vivado 2018.2, functionality test is carried out by writing testbench, bitstream generated for the same and synthesized using Cadence genus.
DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH IN PRIVATE HOSPITALS IN THANH HOA PROVINCE
Authors:   Hai Tien General Hospital, Hoang Hoa District, Thanh Hoa Province., The Hung Nguyen
Published: November 2022

Human resources for health are crucial to the reputation and success of private hospitals. Developing human resources for health, thus,remain the top priority of hospitalsboards of directors and management. This study investigated and figured out the shortcomings related to human resources for health in private hospitals in Thanh Hoa. On such basis, 6 solutions were proposed to develop human resources for healthin private hospitals.
Study of Chinese Tuotea
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Chen Yanying
Published: November 2022

Tuotea produced in southwest China has a long and unique history of more than 100 years. Although the development of Tuotea is limited by various factors at present, such a kind of tea with national color should not be lonely in the long river of history. This paper firstly clarifies the historical origin and development of tuotea by reading and sorting out a large number of literature. In addition, it also analyzes the manufacturing process of modern Tuotea and traditional Tuotea. Finally, from its origin to its heyday and then to its decline, this paper discusses five advantages of Tuotea, such as quality, geography, culture, policy and export, and puts forward five development countermeasures, such as quality, trademark, talents, policy and export. Hope to provide new ideas for promoting the development of Tuotea.
A Study on the Improvement of Korean Tea Distribution Structure through Sri Lanka Tea Auction System
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Ryu Eun-sung
Published: November 2022

This study analyzed Korean tea distribution structure and Sri Lankan tea auction system, which is the main sales method, to find a way to build a tea auction center suitable for domestic reality. For the analysis, the literature on the current status and problems of the Korean tea distribution market, the advantages of the Sri Lankan auction system, and the role of the broker as the subject of the auction were reviewed. As a result of the analysis, the distribution structure of Korean tea is an integrated management method that growers manufacture and sell directly, and consumer prices are determined by producers, not market principles. The price of tea formed in this way was generally high compared to the quality, and it caused the consumer's disregard, which became an obstacle to the expansion of tea consumption. In particular, the fact that no standardization of made tea specifications and sensory evaluation made the tea valuation results ambiguous. As a solution to these problems, legislation for the installation of domestic tea auction center, standardization of Korean made tea and sensory evaluation, and a plan for fostering auctioneers who can play the role of auction brokers were presented.
The Actuality on Tea Tao as a way of cultivation: as to its philosophical basis
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Lee Hyoung-kon
Published: November 2022

This study is about presenting a practical way to cultivate mind based on the tea as a spiritual concept of the Tea Tao (茶道) and a ceremonial concept of the Confucian thought. Specifically, this study analyzed Tea Tao as a way of cultivation (修養) in three different cultural aspects, which are respect, sincerity, and courtesy. The characteristics of Confucianism are that the human nature is the principle of the sky and the duty of human being, we have to preserve the mind and train the nature. To do so, we need to watch ourselves, which is referred to as the inner reflection. Also, we need to watch out our actions based on respect, sincerity, and courtesy.
In the tea drinking culture of the mind cultivation theory, making tea with energy from heaven with all your heart. By doing so, tea and oneself become one, not two. reaching the state of introspection while drinking alone with nature as a friend. According to the yin-da culture of cultivation theory, greedy comes from the abundance of material leading to worries, defilements, wrongdoings, and extravagant thoughts. The practice of tea ceremony is to rectify the body and mind, and to keep the mind from being greedy. Also, 'Ki control (气統制) and Temperance (心節制)' is to change the temperament and make it good. Tea with Ki, which is the mechanism for cultivation, is highly effective in cultivating. In addition, renunciation of greed and the good attitude of the heart (制心) is required to cultivate the mind even thought the mind is originally bright, Finally, by letting go of selfish mind and obsession and meditating in a sitting position to find the nature, the mind will settle down and cultivation will lead to enlightenment through tea. It will become the best state of tea life, and it will reach the state of Confucianism that preserves the principles of heaven and removes greed.
Stabilization and Conservation of Iron Objects in the Collections of the Institute of History, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
Authors: Kostyukevich A. V.
Published: November 2022

The Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus possesses a century-old repository of archaeological artefacts obtained during planned and rescue excavations. Iron items are a true gem of this collection. Until recently, stabilization, conservation, and restoration of iron artefacts remained a relevant problem, a lot of items being lost to corrosion. The experimental laboratory for stabilization and conservation of archaeological iron, which appeared in 2019, stabilizes iron artefacts by treating them with thin alkaline sulfite solution under ultrasound. This method is extremely effective against active corrosion. More than 200 iron objects have already undergone a full cycle of conservation. Half of them is deposited in the repositories of the Institute of History, and the other half is exhibited at its archaeological scientific museum. Restoration preserves metal objects for research, increases their interpretability, and introduces them into scientific circulation. Their appearance being restored, iron artefacts can be exhibited both at stationary and traveling exhibitions, thus popularizing the domestic archaeology and encouraging cooperation with Russian historians.
Restoration and Activity of the Land Committees in the Perm Province under the Government of A. V. Kolchak: November 1918 – July 1919
Authors: Teterin V. I.
Published: November 2022

During the Civil war, A. V. Kolchak's government had no time to resolve numerous practical issues. That is why his government restored the former public authority and self-government institutions. The local population was concerned about the land issue, but the government provided no answer. Instead, they restored land committees as per the legislation of the Provisional government. Their main task was to elaborate on the land reform. However, the status of the institutions was uncertain, and they were not easily restored in the region after the Soviet rule. Following the necessity to regulate land relations on the spot, the authorities had to reform the restored committees. The Decree of the Provisional government dated April 21, 1917, attributed these structures with both elements of public authority and local self-government. Kolchak's government tried to apply the experience of the Perm province in Siberia, so the local committees were transferred completely to the local self-government system as departments of the regional "zemstvos", or municipalities. Lacking respective powers, the local self-government failed to solve the land issue within the short period of Kolchak’s rule. In the wake of military losses, Kolchak's government set up the Land Council in May 1919. However, the Perm region was re-occupied by the bolshevists in June-July 1919, and all the institutions were replaced by the Soviet ones. Unfortunately, A. V. Kolchak’s agrarian policy received almost no scientific attention. This article features the activities of the land authorities in the Perm province during the regime of Kolchak’s government. Its scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive systematic study of the restoration of land committees in the Perm province and their further transformation. Archival data made it possible to define the place of land authorities in the system of state and public structures under the brief rule of A. V. Kolchak.
Comparative Analysis of Two Versions of A Chapter from the History of Charles V by Baron de los Valles
Authors: Tereshchuk A. A.
Published: November 2022

This article features two versions of A Chapter from the History of Charles V written by Louis Xavier Auguet de Saint- Sylvain, Baron de los Valles. The original French version was published in 1835, while the Spanish translation appeared 1837. The text describes the background and the start of the First Carlist War in Spain in 1833–1835. The author was a confidant of Don Carlos, and so his book reflected the Carlist perspective. The author believes that the Spanish translation included certain semantic modifications and additions made due to fit the changing political situation. These almost imperceptible modifications were able to change the perception of some military and political figures of the era, e.g., former Minister F. T. Calomarde, Carlist general V. Gonzalez Moreno, Christino general and future Regent B. Espartero, etc. The research objective was to show how Baron de los Valles interpreted the events related to the capture of Villafranca by the Carlists in 1834. This historical episode, later popularized by numerous memoirs and fiction, appeared only in the Spanish version of the book. The account made by the Baron de los Valles differed from the versions of other memoirists, as well as from the official press reports. A Chapter from the History of Charles V by Baron de los Valles has a low value as a historical source, but presents a considerable interest as an example of Carlist propaganda during the war of 1833–1840.