bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valuation of financial reporting quality: is it an issue in the firm’s valuation?
Authors: Asyik Nur Fadjrih , Agustia Dian , Muchlis Muchlis
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to test the determinant of financial report quality and its consequences to the company values.

Design/methodology/approach

This research is using a quantitative approach and testing a theory by formulating some hypotheses. The sample of this study is 85 go public companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange, for a 5-year observation period from 2016 to 2020. Hence, it has a total of 425 observations. Data were analyzed using path analysis.

Findings

The results found that innate factors from financial reporting quality (FRQ) consists of dynamic factors (operation cycle and sales volatility) as well as static factors (firm’s size, FS). These factors help to achieve FRQ and are able to provide a positive response to the market. On the other hand, static factors (firm’s age, FA) and institution risk factors (leverage) are not able to produce FRQ. Thus, it cannot be considered as an economic decision maker for an investor.

Practical implications

Research implications include theoretical and practical implications. Theoretical implications prove that the valuation of clean surplus theory, which shows the market value of the company, is reflected in the components of the financial statements. This study also uses more than one quality of financial reporting. The practical implication of the research is that the research results are expected to provide information for the company’s management, to fulfill quality financial reporting and so that the market or investors will respond positively to these conditions. In addition, quality financial reporting information provides benefits for investors and capital market analysts (consisting of investors, brokers and market securities analysts) in determining investment decisions. The Financial Services Authority is also able to improve the implementation of corporate governance practices in Indonesia, through reform of the framework supervision of the financial services sector.

Originality/value

This research examines the determinants of FRQ and its consequences on firm’s value (FV). Innate factors proxies from FRQ include dynamic factors (operation cycle and sales volatility), static factors (FS and FA) and institution risk factors (leverage). A follow-up study on the value of the company because it shows the magnitude of the market response (financial statement users) on the quality of financial reporting, which is reflected in FV, the originality of this research is that the object of research is carried out in developing countries, specifically in Indonesia, because most of the previous research was carried out in developed countries.
BYOB of wine, but which one? Unveiling new boundary conditions and moderating effects for restaurant patrons' consideration set formation
Authors: Konstantoulaki Kleopatra , Rizomyliotis Ioannis , Kostopoulos Ioannis , Magrizos Solon , Tran Thi Bich Hang
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Departing from conflicting findings on the role of involvement in the formation of the consideration set, the authors of this study seek to shed light to the wine consumer behaviour and expand previous findings in the bring-your-own-bottle (BYOB) of wine restaurant industry. The authors seek to determine the contradictory effect of involvement on the consideration set size and variety.

Design/methodology/approach

Three empirical studies were conducted. In Study 1, the relationships were tested in a personal consumption situation and in Study 2 in a gift-giving context. Finally, in Study 3, inconsistencies in the intensity of the hypothesised relationships were explored by testing the triple interaction amongst the three variables (i.e. involvement, decision-making context and decision domain).

Findings

According to the authors' findings BYOB of wine consumers form larger considerations sets in memory-based decision contexts. Involvement's effect on wine consideration set size is stronger in memory-based decisions. BYOB restaurant patrons form smaller sets of alternatives for personal consumption. BYOB restaurant patrons form more heterogeneous sets of alternatives in wine gift-giving. BYOB of wine restaurants should facilitate consumers' wine-selection process.

Originality/value

The authors make an effort to explain and determine the up-to-date contradictory effect of restaurant patrons' involvement on the BYOB of wine consideration set size and the amount of variety contained therein. The study offers new insights, by unfolding the moderating effect of decision-making contexts (i.e. memory-based versus stimuli-based) and decision domains (i.e. personal consumption versus gift-giving) on this effect of involvement on the properties of consideration sets.
Barriers to the growth of indigenous construction firms in Nigeria
Authors: Ogbu Chukwuemeka Patrick , Osazuwa Edosa Mark
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Studies focusing on the growth of indigenous construction firms (ICFs) are getting dated, and unreflective of recent policy changes in developing countries. This study sought to analyze critical barriers to the growth of ICFs and obtain an unsupervised parsimonious grouping of the barriers for policy improvements.

Design/methodology/approach

A mix of quantitative and qualitative research methods was adopted for the study. ICFs in Nigeria were cross-sectionally surveyed based on a set of firm growth barriers obtained from literature and refined by focus group discussion. Descriptive (means, standard deviations, percentages) and inferential (Kruskal-Wallice and Mann-Whitney U test) statistics were used in the analyses of the data. Factor analysis was used to group the variables.

Findings

Results showed that “declining” ICFs are more negatively impacted by low construction mechanization/use of labor intensive methods, inadequate geographical reach of operations, and inadequate flow of jobs/low demand than “stunted” and “growing” ICFs. The three main domains of critical barriers to the growth of ICFs were identified in descending order of importance as low patronage, difficulty accessing funds, and business management incapacity.

Research limitations/implications

The study recommends improvements in access to funds for ICFs by increasing the percentage of advance payments, and creating a pool of equipment for easy hire by ICFs. ICFs are advised to seek information on tendering opportunities outside their regions of domicile in order to increase their patronage.

Originality/value

This study reveals differences in the impacts of growth barriers on ICFs at different growth levels. This study also clarifies persisting barriers to the growth of ICFs [primarily construction micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs)] from a developing country perspective using a longer list of variables.
Digital twins in lean construction: a neutrosophic AHP – BOCR analysis approach
Authors: Altan Ebru , Işık Zeynep
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Increasing complexity in construction projects evokes interest in application of innovative digital technologies in construction. Digital twins (DT), which bring these innovative technologies together, have strong interactions with lean construction (LC). To highlight the collaborative nature of DT and LC, the paper explores the interactions between LC and DT and assesses benefits, costs, opportunities and risks (BOCR) of DT in LC to analyze significant obstacles and enablers in DT adoption in LC.

Design/methodology/approach

BOCR approach comprehensively considers both the positive and the negative attributes of a problem. At the first step, BOCR criteria for DT are identified through literature review and expert opinions, at the second step dependencies among BOCR criteria for DT in LC are determined by neutrosophic analytic hierarchy process (AHP), through a questionnaire survey. Integrating BOCR into neutrosophic AHP enables achieving more meaningful preference scores.

Findings

Cost of skilled workforce is the most important factor and opportunity to reduce waste is the second most important factor in adoption of DT in LC. The results were analyzed to rank the BOCR of adoption of DT in LC.

Originality/value

This study, in a novel way, performs BOCR analysis through neutrosophic AHP to reflect experts' judgments more effectively by neutrosophic AHP's better handling of vagueness and uncertainty. The paper provides a model to better understand the significant factors that influence adoption of DT in LC.
Religiosity scales in marketing research
Authors: Minton Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to identify religiosity scale usage in academic marketing articles and compare the effectiveness of different religiosity scales in predicting marketing and consumer behavior outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

Articles (n = 397) in the top 20 marketing journals are reviewed and a follow-up study is conducted that compares 22 religiosity scales in predicting 18 marketing variables.

Findings

Most scales are from preexisting sources (64.3%), only 20% are multi-dimensional and over 58% are used in only one journal article. Only 22.5% of possible regressions in the follow-up study predicting marketing variables from religiosity scales were significant.

Research limitations/implications

This research is limited by the journals and dependent variables chosen. Implications include diversify research topics, expand publication outlets, decrease use of author-generated scales, increase use of multi-item and multi-dimensional measures, replicate findings methodologically and conceptually and make cultural context adaptations.

Practical implications

Marketers would benefit from using preexisting scales, ensuring that religiosity is measured using a multi-item measure that contains appropriate items for the dominant religious beliefs of the sample, as well as consider multi-dimensional measures to best guide marketing strategy decisions, such as target market definition.

Originality/value

This is the first research study to compare the use of religiosity scales in marketing. This offers key value to the marketing literature by highlighting tactics to take to improve consistency in research practices to increase the comparability and accuracy of findings.
Influence of digitalisation adoption level on construction project delivery in Nigeria
Authors: Okpo Henry , Ikediashi Dubem , Dania Afolabi
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The rate of project failure across the globe seems to reinforce poor performance as a norm. However, engagement with construction digitalisation (CD) represents a departure point for improving project performance. Amidst researchers' recent empirical engagement with CD, the knowledge of the relationship model between CD and project delivery (PD) is abysmal. As a result, developing a business case for CD in developing countries has been slow due to the dearth of empirical evidence. This paper aims to investigate the influence of digitalisation on project performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Anchored on cross-sectional survey research design using a questionnaire survey in which a total of 183 copies of structured questionnaires were randomly distributed to medium- and large-sized construction firms operating in Abuja, Nigeria's federal capital. A total of 126 valid responses were received giving an overall response rate of 68.8%. The responses were analysed using mean item score, principal component analysis and multiple linear regression.

Findings

Findings from the regression analysis reveal that digitalisation has varying levels of impact on PP measured using quality, time and cost. The relationship model with time performance is weak (r = 0.526, r2 = 0.277); on cost performance, the significant model is also weak (r = 0.502, r2 = 0.252) and moderate on quality (r = 0.663, r2 = 0.439). CD influences project cost, time and quality performance despite the weak relationship model. The results indicate that the most effective benchmark of CD is quality performance.

Originality/value

This study established the relationship between digitalisation and construction PD within the construction industry context, an area lacking research attention in emerging economies. This study is the first study in emerging economies that established the influence of digitalisation on construction PD statistically.
How maladjustment and workplace bullying affect newcomers’ turnover intentions: roles of cognitive diversity and perceived inclusive practices
Authors: Ma Zhuang , Song Linpei , Huang Jun
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine newcomers experiencing maladjustment due to cognitive diversity, specifically, how maladjustment affects their turnover intentions; the mediating role of reported workplace bullying; and the buffering effect of perceived inclusive practices in the hospitality sector.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collected time-lagged data from 403 respondents and analyzed the data through hierarchical regression analyses using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 25.0.

Findings

Role ambiguity, low self-efficacy and social exclusion could each lead to newcomers’ reported workplace bullying (NRB). Perceived inclusive practices buffered the impacts of role ambiguity and social exclusion. NRB negatively mediated the relationships between role ambiguity and NRB; and social exclusion and NRB.

Practical implications

Hospitality practitioners should specify work procedures to minimize role ambiguities and record service processes to correct mistakes, reward veterans who help newcomers improve self-efficacy, invite newcomers to develop inclusive practices and review employee comments on third-party platforms to understand factors responsible for turnover intention.

Originality/value

This study contextualized cognitive diversity into newcomers’ maladjustment-bullying-turnover model in China’s hospitality industry. It highlighted the buffering effect of perceived inclusive practices in the relationships between maladjustment and reported bullying and turnover intentions among newcomers and confirmed the important role of self-efficacy in addressing adverse work events.
The roles of conflict management and psychological empowerment in virtual teams
Authors: Gupta Shubhi , Pathak Govind Swaroop , Biswas Baidyanath
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to determine the impact of perceived virtuality on team dynamics and outcomes by adopting the Input-Mediators-Outcome (IMO) framework. Further, it also investigates the mediating role of team processes and emergent states.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collected survey data from 315 individuals working in virtual teams (VTs) in the information technology sector in India using both offline and online questionnaires. They performed the analysis using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

The authors investigated two sets of hypotheses – both direct and indirect (or mediation interactions). Results show that psychological empowerment and conflict management are significant in managing VTs. Also, perceived virtuality impacts team outcomes, i.e. perceived team performance, team satisfaction and subjective well-being.

Research limitations/implications

The interplay between the behavioural team process (conflict management) and the emergent state (psychological empowerment) was examined. The study also helps broaden our understanding of the various psychological variables associated with teamwork in the context of VTs.

Practical implications

Findings from this study will aid in assessing the consequences of virtual teamwork at both individual and organisational levels, such as guiding the design and sustainability of VT arrangements, achieving higher productivity in VTs, and designing effective and interactive solutions in the virtual space.

Social implications

The study examined the interplay between behavioural team processes (such as conflict management) and emergent states (such as psychological empowerment). The study also theorises and empirically tests the relationships between perceived virtuality and team outcomes (i.e. both affective and effectiveness). It may serve as a guide to understanding team dynamics in VTs better.

Originality/value

This exploratory study attempts to enhance the current understanding of the research and practice of VTs within a developing economy.
An extended ISM and MICMAC method under neutrosophic environment
Authors: Zanjirchi Seyed Mahmood , Faregh Najmeh
Published: June 2023

Purpose

ISM technique is one of the tools of interest in soft operations research. The soft nature of this technique has made inevitable use of indeterminacy theories. The present research attempts to develop ISM technique and MICMAC analysis in a neutrosophic space due to the complexity and uncertainty of the decision-making environment.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, single-valued triangular neutrosophic numbers is used to develop Neutrosophic ISM (NISM) and Neutrosophic MICMAC (NMICMAC). First, the general algorithm of NISM and NMICMAC is provided. In the following, the complete description of NISM steps including level value determination, Factor Leveling Algorithm and NISM digraph algorithm are presented. Finally, a description of the NMICMAC steps is described.

Findings

An illustrative example – supplier selection problem – is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and in the discussion section; the comparison and analysis of different aspects of the NISM with the previous methods are discussed.

Originality/value

In this study, NISM and NMICMAC are presented for the first time, so that each pairwise comparison judgment is provided as single valued triangular neutrosophic numbers. The development of the model is continued until the final stages of calculations with neutrosophic numbers, and only in the final stage the results are crispy presented. In addition, not only the factors of process are leveled, but at each level the factors are lined up and their importance is determined.
Overview analysis of the regulation of insider trading in Zimbabwe during the corona virus pandemic
Authors: Chitimira Howard
Published: June 2023

Purpose

It is important to note that insider trading is currently outlawed under the Securities Act 17 of 2004 (Chapter 24: 25) as amended (Securities Act) in Zimbabwe. This Act enumerates some practices that may give rise to insider trading liability in the Zimbabwean financial markets. Nonetheless, numerous challenges, such as the lack of adequate financial resources, the lack of sufficient persons with the relevant skills and expertise on the part of the enforcement authorities, lack of political will, inadequacy of insider trading provisions, poor cooperation and collaboration between the relevant authorities and the ongoing coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic have negatively impeded the effective regulation and combating of insider trading in Zimbabwe. To this end, the author explores the stated challenges and recommend measures that could be used by regulatory bodies and other relevant enforcement authorities to enhance the regulation and combating of insider trading in the Zimbabwean financial markets. This study aims to enhance the detection and combating of insider trading in Zimbabwe.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative research methodology is used through the analysis of relevant legislation and case law.

Findings

It is hoped that the findings and recommendations made in this study will be considered by the Zimbabwean policymakers.

Research limitations/implications

The study does not use empirical research methodology.

Practical implications

The findings and recommendations made in this study could enhance the combating of insider trading activities in Zimbabwe.

Social implications

The study seeks to curb insider trading in the Zimbabwean financial markets and financial institutions in the wake of the covid-19 pandemic-related regulatory and enforcement challenges.

Originality/value

The study provides original research on the regulation and combating of insider trading activities in Zimbabwe.
Study on the influence of vent area on porosity-controlled wood crib compartment fires prior to flashover
Authors: Narang Aishwarya , Kumar Ravi , Dhiman Amit Kumar , Pandey Ravi Shankar , Sharma Pavan Kumar
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This study describes a series of experiments investigating the upper hot layer temperature profile in a confined space under different ventilation conditions for porosity-controlled wood crib fires for pre-flashover conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

Full-scale compartment (4 m × 4 m × 4 m) experiments were carried out for four-door openings, i.e. 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of the total vent area (2 m × 1 m) with the wood crib as a fuel load. The temperature of the upper hot smoke layers of the compartment was recorded with the help of four layers of thermocouples for varying vent areas.

Findings

The effect of ventilation on the properties, i.e. mass loss rate, enclosure temperature, heat release rate and carbon monoxide (CO) gas concentration, has been measured and analyzed. The effect of ventilation on heat flux and flame temperature has also been studied. Compartment gas temperature has been examined by five wood crib burning stages: Ignition, growth, steady burning, recess and collapse.

Originality/value

Findings demonstrate that the influence of vent openings varies for the burning parameters and upper layer temperature of the compartment. The current results are beneficial in analyzing thermal risks concerning compartment fire and fire safety engineering projects.
Employees' HR attributions count: the effects of high-performance work systems on employees' thriving at work and emotional exhaustion
Authors: Cao Man , Zhao Shuming , Chen Jiaxi , Lv Hongjiang
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Although prior research has documented substantive knowledge of the benefits of high-performance work systems (HPWS), results regarding both sides of HPWS are inconsistent. To reconcile these inconsistencies, the authors identified two specific HR attributions—employee well-being HR attribution and performance HR attribution, and examined their roles in the relationship between team-level HPWS and employees' thriving at work and emotional exhaustion.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collected multi-source data from 36 team leaders and 181 individuals. Given the nested nature of the data, the authors used Mplus 7.4 to conduct multilevel structural equation modeling for hypothesis testing.

Findings

The results showed that team-level HPWS and employee well-being HR attribution interact to affect psychological availability, which subsequently promotes thriving at work. However, team-level HPWS and employee performance HR attribution do not interact to influence role overload/psychological availability; team-level HPWS and employee well-being HR attribution do not interact to affect role overload.

Originality/value

Current literature has overlooked identifying key contingencies for both sides of HPWS effects on employee outcomes. Therefore, this study developed a mediated moderation model and incorporated HR attributions to explore two distinct pathways by which HPWS affects employees' thriving at work and emotional exhaustion. The present study helps to reconcile the inconsistent findings regarding the HPWS double-edged sword nature. In addition, the authors focused on HPWS at the team level, which is also underexplored in the existing HPWS research.
Psychological morbidity in patients with pemphigus and its clinicodemographic risk factor: A comparative study
Authors: Wang Jingying , Wu Haixi , Cong Weiting , Zhu Haiqin , Zheng Jie , Li Xia , Pan Meng
Published: June 2023

Due to the long disease duration, impact on appearance, social stigmatization, and numerous side effects of treatment, pemphigus, an autoimmune bullous disease, often has a significant psychological impact on patients. On the other hand, mood disorders may exacerbate the disease by affecting the patient's self‐management, forming a vicious circle. To investigate anxiety and depressive disorders in patients with pemphigus, a total of 140 patients with pemphigus were recruited for this cross‐sectional retrospective study between March 2020 and January 2022. A control group of 118 patients with psoriasis, a commonly known psychosomatic dermatosis, was established. Patients were evaluated at the visiting day with the Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory second edition for mood disorders, the Dermatology Life Quality Index and the EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire for disease‐related life quality, and the Visual Analogue Scale for pain and itching symptoms. In our cohort, 30.7% of patients with pemphigus suffered from either anxiety disorder (25%) or depressive disorders (14.3%). Propensity score matching was implemented to create a comparable cohort of pemphigus and psoriasis groups considering the baseline discrepancy. Thirty‐four comparable pairs of pemphigus and psoriasis patients were extracted. The prevalence and severity of depressive disorder in pemphigus patients were significantly higher than in psoriasis patients, while anxiety disorder levels appeared to be similar in two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis further revealed that disease‐related hospitalization history, active mucosal damage, and concomitant thyroid disease are independent risk factors for mood disorders in pemphigus patients. Our results showed that pemphigus patients had a high prevalence and severity of mood disorders. Relevant clinicodemographic indicators may be valuable for prediction and early identification of mood disorders in pemphigus. Better disease education from physicians may be important for these patients to achieve overall disease management.
MALDI‐TOF MS identification of Exophiala species isolated in Japan: Library enrichment and faster sample preparation
Authors: Futatsuya Taketoshi , Mura Tatsuki , Anzawa Kazushi , Mochizuki Takashi , Shimizu Akira , Iinuma Yoshitsugu
Published: June 2023

Exophiala species cause chromoblastomycosis, mycetoma, and phaeohyphomycosis, which are occasionally fatally in immunocompromised patients. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) provides rapid and accurate examination of isolated bacteria and some fungal isolates, but the preparation method for filamentous fungi is complicated. In this study, 31 clinical isolates of Exophiala spp. in Japan were identified by MALDI‐TOF MS with a library enriched by adding data. To simplify the sample preparation method, two modified methods were compared with the standard method for filamentous fungi. The agar cultivation sample preparation method reduced the time required for liquid culture and was considered suitable for clinical use. In 30 of 31 clinical isolates of Exophiala spp., the species identified by MALDI‐TOF MS with the highest score matched the species identified by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer region. Exophiala dermatitidis, E. lecanii‐corni, and E. oligosperma were identified above the genus level, while E. jeanselmei and E. xenobiotica were often not identified at the species level. The identification scores tended to be lower for less‐registered strains in the in‐house library. It is suggested that library enrichment and the modified preparation method may facilitate early diagnosis of rare fungal infections by Exophiala spp. in clinical laboratories using MALDI‐TOF MS.
Nicotine promotes Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv growth and overexpression of virulence genes
Authors: Rivas‐Santiago Bruno , de Haro‐Acosta Jeny , Carlos Adrian Rodríguez , Garcia‐Hernandez Mariana H. , Serrano Carmen J. , Gonzalez‐Curiel Irma , Rivas‐Santiago Cesar
Published: June 2023

Tobacco consumption increases the susceptibility to develop infectious diseases such as tuberculosis (TB). Nicotine (Nc) is the main component of cigarette smoke with immunomodulatory properties, however, its effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has been scarcely investigated. The present study evaluated the effect of nicotine on the growth of Mtb and on the induction of virulence‐related genes. Mycobacteria were exposed to different concentrations of nicotine then Mtb growth was evaluated. Subsequently, the expression of the virulence‐related genes lysX, pirG, fad26, fbpa, ompa, hbhA, esxA, esxB, hspx, katG, lpqh, and caeA was evaluated by RT‐qPCR. The effect of nicotine on intracellular Mtb was also evaluated. The results showed that nicotine promotes the growth of Mtb both extracellularly and intracellularly and increases the expression of genes related to virulence. In summary, nicotine promotes the growth of Mtb and the expression of virulence‐related genes that could be correlated with the increased the risk of smokers developing TB.
Behaviour‐specific spatiotemporal patterns of habitat use by sea turtles revealed using biologging and supervised machine learning
Authors: Hounslow Jenna L. , Fossette Sabrina , Chong Wei , Bali Randa , Tucker Anton D. , Whiting Scott D. , Gleiss Adrian C.
Published: June 2023

Conservation of threatened species and anthropogenic threat mitigation commonly rely on spatially managed areas selected according to habitat preference. Since the impact of threats can be behaviour‐specific, such information could be incorporated into spatial management to improve conservation outcomes. However, collecting spatially explicit behavioural data is challenging.

Using multi‐sensor biologging tags containing high‐resolution movement sensors (e.g. accelerometer, magnetometer, GPS) and animal‐borne video cameras, combined with supervised machine learning, we developed a method to automatically detect and geolocate typically ambiguous behaviours for the poorly understood flatback turtle Natator depressus. Subsequently, we evaluated behaviour‐specific spatiotemporal patterns of habitat use.

Boosted regression trees successfully identified the presence of foraging and resting in 7074 dives (AUC > 0.9), using dive features representing characteristics of locomotory activity, body posture, and three‐dimensional dive paths validated by ancillary video data. Foraging was characterised by dives with longer duration, variable depth, tortuous bottom phases; resting was characterised by dives with decreased locomotory activity and longer duration bottom phases.

Foraging and resting showed minimal spatial segregation based on 50% and 95% utilisation distributions. Expected diel patterns of behaviour‐specific habitat use were superseded by the extreme tides at the near‐shore study site. Turtles rested in areas close to the subtidal and intertidal boundary within larger overlapping foraging areas, allowing efficient access to intertidal food resources upon inundation at high tides when foraging was ~25% more likely.

Synthesis and applications. Using supervised machine learning and biologging tools, we show the potential for dynamic spatial management of flatback turtles to mitigate behaviour‐specific threats by prioritising protection of important locations at pertinent times. Although results are a species‐specific response to a super‐tidal environment, our approach can be generalised to a broad range of taxa and study systems, facilitating a conceptual advance in spatial management.
Versatile methanotrophs form an active methane biofilter in the oxycline of a seasonally stratified coastal basin
Authors: Venetz Jessica , Żygadłowska Olga M. , Lenstra Wytze K. , van Helmond Niels A. G. M. , Nuijten Guylaine H. L. , Wallenius Anna J. , Dalcin Martins Paula , Slomp Caroline P. , Jetten Mike S. M. , Veraart Annelies J.
Published: June 2023

The potential and drivers of microbial methane removal in the water column of seasonally stratified coastal ecosystems and the importance of the methanotrophic community composition for ecosystem functioning are not well explored. Here, we combined depth profiles of oxygen and methane with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, metagenomics and methane oxidation rates at discrete depths in a stratified coastal marine system (Lake Grevelingen, The Netherlands). Three amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) belonging to different genera of aerobic Methylomonadaceae and the corresponding three methanotrophic metagenome‐assembled genomes (MOB‐MAGs) were retrieved by 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomic analysis, respectively. The abundances of the different methanotrophic ASVs and MOB‐MAGs peaked at different depths along the methane oxygen counter‐gradient and the MOB‐MAGs show a quite diverse genomic potential regarding oxygen metabolism, partial denitrification and sulphur metabolism. Moreover, potential aerobic methane oxidation rates indicated high methanotrophic activity throughout the methane oxygen counter‐gradient, even at depths with low in situ methane or oxygen concentration. This suggests that niche‐partitioning with high genomic versatility of the present Methylomonadaceae might contribute to the functional resilience of the methanotrophic community and ultimately the efficiency of methane removal in the stratified water column of a marine basin.
Pregnancy as an opportunity for improving maternal cardiovascular health
Authors: Giorgione Veronica
Published: June 2023

Linked article: This is a mini commentary on Lueth et al., pp.1197–1206 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/1471‐0528.17486.
Cause for optimism in mild hypoxic ischaemic hypoxic encephalopathy
Authors: Curtin William M.
Published: June 2023

Linked article: This is a mini commentary on Törn et al., pp.1602–1609 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/1471‐0528.17533.
Croatia: Political Developments and Data in 2022
Authors: NIKIĆ ČAKAR DARIO , RAOS VIŠESLAV
Published: June 2023

In 2022, Croatia experienced stability despite further parliamentary fragmentation. The centre‐right minority Cabinet endured, albeit with several Cabinet reshuffles. Main opposition parliamentary parties on the left and the right experienced splits, with new parties emerging. There were no elections in 2022 and no referenda. Opposition initiatives in the Parliament were not successful. The government finalized its preparations for the adoption of the Euro and country's accession to the Schengen area.
Aerosol generation with the use of positive pressure ventilation via supraglottic airway devices: an observational study
Authors: Deng W. , Nestor C. C. , Leung K. M. M. , Chew J. , Wang H. , Wang S. , Irwin M. G.
Published: June 2023

The amount of aerosol generation associated with the use of positive pressure ventilation via a supraglottic airway device has not been quantified. We conducted a two‐group, two‐centre, prospective cohort study in which we recruited 21 low‐risk adult patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia with second‐generation supraglottic airway devices. An optical particle sizer and an isokinetic sampling probe were used to record particle concentrations per second at different size distributions (0.3–10 μm) during use as well as baseline levels during two common activities (conversation and coughing). There was a median (IQR [range]) peak increase of 2.8 (1.5–4.5 [1–28.1]) and 4.1 (2.0–7.1 [1–18.2]) times background concentrations during SAD insertion and removal. Most of the particles generated during supraglottic airway insertion (85.0%) and removal (85.3%) were < 3 μm diameter. Median (IQR [range]) aerosol concentration generated by insertion (1.1 (0.6–5.1 [0.2–22.3]) particles.cm−3) and removal (2.1 (0.5–3.0 [0.1–18.9]) particles.cm−3) of SADs were significantly lower than those produced during continuous talking (44.5 (28.3–70.5 [2.0–134.5]) particles.cm−3) and coughing (141.0 (98.3–202.8 [4.0–296.5]) particles.cm−3) (p < 0.001). The aerosol levels produced were similar with the two devices. The proportion of easily inhaled and small particles (<1 μm) produced during insertion (57.5%) and removal (57.5%) was much lower than during talking (99.1%) and coughing (99.6%). These results suggest that the use of supraglottic airway devices in low‐risk patients, even with positive pressure ventilation, generates fewer aerosols than speaking and coughing in awake patients.
It takes so little
Authors: Pine Jason A.
Published: June 2023

Part of a special section of “hundreds” for Katie Stewart, these words issue from the ache felt by an impression searching for its composition.
Self‐compassion as a mediator of the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and psychotic symptoms in clinical and non‐clinical groups
Authors: Richardson Thomas , Sood Monica , Bayliss Paul , Newman‐Taylor Katherine
Published: June 2023

Background

Previous research has shown a link between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and more severe symptoms of psychosis. There is also evidence that self‐compassion is a key mechanism linking adverse childhood experiences and mental health problems such as post‐traumatic stress disorder and depression, but no research has examined these links in psychosis.

Methods

We analysed existing cross‐sectional data, including 55 individuals with psychosis and 166 individuals from the general population. Participants completed standardized measures of CSA, self‐compassion, paranoia, positive psychotic symptoms and distress linked to psychosis.

Results

The clinical group had higher scores on CSA and all psychosis measures, but we found no differences in self‐compassion between the groups. Higher levels of CSA correlated with lower self‐compassion and higher paranoia and positive symptoms in both groups. CSA also correlated with distress linked to psychosis in the non‐clinical group. Lower self‐compassion mediated the association between higher levels of CSA and more severe paranoia in both groups. In the non‐clinical group, lower self‐compassion also mediated the association between greater CSA and more positive psychotic symptoms and more severe distress.

Conclusions

This is the first study to show that self‐compassion mediates the link between CSA and both paranoia and psychotic symptoms in adulthood. Self‐compassion may therefore be an important transdiagnostic candidate target in therapy to mitigate the impact of early adversity on paranoia in both clinical and non‐clinical groups. Limitations include the small clinical sample and inclusion of a cannabis‐using non‐clinical sample, though recent cannabis use did not impact self‐compassion levels.
Vicarious severe school discipline predicts racial disparities among non‐disciplined Black and White American adolescents
Authors: Del Toro Juan , Wang Ming‐Te
Published: June 2023

Racial disparities in school discipline may have collateral consequences on the larger non‐suspended student population. The present study leveraged two longitudinal datasets with 1201 non‐suspended adolescents (48% Black, 52% White; 55% females, 45% males; Mage: 12–13) enrolled in 84 classrooms in an urban mid‐Atlantic city of the United States during the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 academic years. Classmates' minor infraction suspensions predicted greater next year's defiant infractions among non‐suspended Black adolescents, and this longitudinal relation was worse for Black youth enrolled in predominantly Black classrooms. For White youth, classmates' minor infraction suspensions predicted greater defiant infractions specifically when they were enrolled in predominantly non‐White classrooms. Racial inequities in school discipline may have repercussions that disadvantage all adolescents regardless of race.
Cytological assessment of a thyroid mass
Authors: Walsh Robert Alexander , Perez‐Machado Miguel
Published: June 2023

This case highlights an uncommon diagnosis encountered in thyroid fine needle aspiration, highlighting differentials based on the clinical features and how cytomorphology can distinguish these.
Optimization of colonoscopy quality: Comprehensive review of the literature and future perspectives
Authors: Hsu Wen‐Feng , Chiu Han‐Mo
Published: June 2023

Colonoscopy is crucial in preventing colorectal cancer (CRC) and reducing associated mortality. This comprehensive review examines the importance of high‐quality colonoscopy and associated quality indicators, including bowel preparation, cecal intubation rate, withdrawal time, adenoma detection rate (ADR), complete resection, specimen retrieval, complication rates, and patient satisfaction, while also discussing other ADR‐related metrics. Additionally, the review draws attention to often overlooked quality aspects, such as nonpolypoid lesion detection, as well as insertion and withdrawal skills. Moreover, it explores the potential of artificial intelligence in enhancing colonoscopy quality and highlights specific considerations for organized screening programs. The review also emphasizes the implications of organized screening programs and the need for continuous quality improvement. A high‐quality colonoscopy is crucial for preventing postcolonoscopy CRC‐ and CRC‐related deaths. Health‐care professionals must develop a thorough understanding of colonoscopy quality components, including technical quality, patient safety, and patient experience. By prioritizing ongoing evaluation and refinement of these quality indicators, health‐care providers can contribute to improved patient outcomes and develop more effective CRC screening programs.
Do patients with prediabetes managed with metformin achieve better glycaemic control? A national study using primary care medical records
Authors: Zheng Mingyue , Soumya  , Begum Mumtaz , Bernardo Carla De Oliveira , Stocks Nigel , Jahan Habiba , Gonzalez‐Chica David
Published: June 2023

Aims

To estimate the effectiveness of metformin on glycaemic parameters among participants with incident prediabetes attending Australian general practices.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study used electronic health records of regular participants (3+ visits in two consecutive years) attending 383 Australian general practices (MedicineInsight). Participants with ‘incident’ prediabetes (newly recorded diagnosis between 2012 and 2017) and their glycaemic parameters (haemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] or fasting blood glucose [FBG]) at 6‐, 12‐, and 18–24 months post diagnosis (unexposed) or post‐management with metformin (treatment) were identified from the database. We estimated the average treatment effect (ATE) of metformin management on glycaemic parameters using both linear regression and augmented inverse probability weighting.

Results

Of the 4770 investigated participants with ‘incident’ prediabetes, 10.2% were managed with metformin. Participants on metformin had higher HbA1c levels at the baseline than those unexposed (mean 45 mmol/mol [6.2%] and 41 mmol/mol [5.9%], respectively), but no differences were observed at 6–12 months (mmol/mol ATE 0.0, 95% CI −0.4; 0.7) or 12–18 months (ATE −0.3, 95% CI −1.2; 0.3). However, participants on metformin had lower mean HbA1c mmol/mol at 18–24 months (ATE −1.1, 95% CI −2.0; 0.1) than those unexposed. Consistent results were observed for FBG (ATE at 6–12 months −0.14 [95% CI −0.25; −0.04], 12–18 months 0.02 [95% CI −0.08; 0.13] and 18–24 months −0.07 [95% CI −0.25; 0.12]).

Conclusion

The higher HbA1c and FBG baseline levels among participants with ‘incident’ prediabetes managed with metformin improved after 6–12 months of starting pharmacological management, and the effect persisted for up to 24 months. Management with metformin could prevent further deterioration of glycaemic levels.
Cardiac proteomic profiling suggests that hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy share a common pathogenetic pathway of the calcium signalling pathway
Authors: Yang Wenjuan , Zhu Yu , Tang Fuqin , Jian Zhao , Xiao Yingbin
Published: June 2023

Objective

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are classified as different diseases but have many similar pathogenic genes and clinical symptoms. Previous research has focused on mutated genes. This study was conducted to identify key molecular mechanisms and explore effective therapeutic targets.

Methods

Myocardial tissue was harvested from patients with HCM (n = 3) or DCM (n = 4) during surgery. Hearts donated by healthy traffic accident victims were treated as controls (n = 4). Total proteins were extracted for liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were annotated via GO and KEGG analyses. Selected distinguishing protein abundance was confirmed by western blotting.

Results

Compared with the control group, there were 121 and 76 DEPs in the HCM and DCM groups, respectively. GO terms for these two comparisons are associated with contraction‐related components and actin binding. Additionally, the most significantly upregulated and downregulated proteins were periostin and tropomyosin alpha‐3 chain in both comparisons. Moreover, when comparing the HCM and DCM groups, we found 60 significant DEPs, and the GO and KEGG terms are related to the calcium signalling pathway. Expression of the calcium regulation–related protein peptidyl‐prolyl cis‐trans isomerase (FKBP1A) was significantly upregulated in multiple samples.

Conclusion

HCM and DCM have many mutual pathogenetic pathways. Calcium ion‐related processes are among the most significant factors affecting disease development. For HCM and DCM, research on regulating linchpin protein expression or interfering with key calcium‐related pathways may be more beneficial than genetic research.
Aquaculture‐driven evolution of the salmon louse mtDNA genome
Authors: Rutle Karoline Hasti , Skern‐Mauritzen Rasmus , Nilsen Frank , Mateos‐Rivera Alejandro , Eide Anne Grete Sørvik , Jansson Eeva , Quintela María , Besnier Francois , Allyon Fernando , Fjørtoft Helene Børretzen , Glover Kevin Alan
Published: June 2023

Resistance toward the antiparasitic pyrethroid, deltamethrin, is reported in the Atlantic salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis salmonis), a persistent ectoparasite of farmed and wild salmonids. The resistance mechanism is linked to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), where genetic markers for resistance have been identified. Here, we investigated how widespread pyrethroid use in aquaculture may have influenced mtDNA variation in lice, and the dispersion of resistant haplotypes across the North Atlantic, using historical (2000–2002 “pre‐resistance”) and contemporary (2014–2017 “post‐resistance”) samples. To study this, we sequenced ATPase 6 and cytochrome b, genotyped two genetic markers for deltamethrin resistance, and genotyped microsatellites as “neutral” controls of potential population bottlenecks. Overall, we observed a modest reduction in mtDNA diversity in the period 2000–2017, but no reduction in microsatellite variation was observed. The reduction in mtDNA variation was especially distinct in two of the contemporary samples, fixed for one and two haplotypes, respectively. By contrast, all historical samples consisted of close to one mtDNA haplotype per individual. No population genetic structure was detected among the historical samples for mtDNA nor microsatellites. By contrast, significant population genetic differentiation was observed for mtDNA among some of the contemporary samples. However, the observed population genetic structure was tightly linked with the pattern of deltamethrin resistance, and we therefore conclude that it primarily reflects the transient mosaic of pyrethroid usage in time and space. Two historically undetected mtDNA haplotypes dominated in the contemporary samples, both of which were linked to deltamethrin resistance, demonstrating primarily two origins of deltamethrin resistance in the North Atlantic. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the widespread use of pyrethroids in commercial aquaculture has substantially altered the patterns of mtDNA diversity in lice across the North Atlantic, and that long‐distance dispersion of resistance is rapid due to high level of genetic connectivity that is observed in this species.