bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El silencio. Entre la escritura musical y la poética
Authors: Selma José Vicente
Published: May 2016

Resumen: El silencio es un término de carácter físico-acústico pero que es integrado como factor esencial de la composición musical y de la palabra poética. Su significado se amplía a lo largo del siglo xx tanto en términos semánticos como en el horizonte de reflexión moral de obras diversas musicales o literarias acercándolo al horror, la nada, el vacío, el afuera, el sinsentido. El texto plantea un breve recorrido por esta doble naturaleza formal y ontológica del silencio en diversas obras esenciales de las artes en la modernidad.Palabras clave: silencio, sinsentido, horror, nada, vacío, creación artística, poema, obra musical, absurdo, literatura.
El silencio como recurso del individuo en Thoreau y Nietzsche
Authors: Nájera Elena
Published: May 2016

Resumen: El artículo aborda la reivindicación del silencio en las filosofías de Thoreau y Nietzsche como recurso crítico contra la falta de autenticidad que amenaza al individuo de las sociedades modernas. El trasfondo que confiere significado a la comparación es la voluntad convergente de impugnar, a uno y otro lado del Atlántico, el concepto ilustrado de ciudadanía. Para ello, ambos autores parten de la constatación de las deficiencias expresivas —tanto epistemológicas como, fundamentalmente, éticas— del lenguaje que da voz a la vida pública. Sus respectivos planteamientos les llevarán a una comprensión excéntrica de la filosofía como forma de vida, aunque desembocarán en dos sensibilidades morales diferentes.Palabras clave: Thoreau, Nietzsche, silencio, individuo.
Hans Blumenberg: Historia In/conceptual, Antropología y Modernidad, por Faustino Oncina y Pedro García-Durán, eds.
Authors: Meléndez Vivó Ana
Published: May 2016

Reseña de Oncina Coves, Faustino y García-Durán, Pedro (eds.) 2015, Hans Blumenberg: Historia in/conceptual, antropología y modernidad, Valencia: Pre-Textos. ISBN 978-84-16453-06-1, 240 páginas.
Towards a barrier height benchmark set for biologically relevant systems
Authors: Kromann Jimmy C. , Christensen Anders S. , Cui Qiang , Jensen Jan H.
Published: May 2016

We have collected computed barrier heights and reaction energies (and associated model structures) for five enzymes from studies published by Himo and co-workers. Using this data, obtained at the B3LYP/6- 311+G(2d,2p)[LANL2DZ]//B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory, we then benchmark PM6, PM7, PM7-TS, and DFTB3 and discuss the influence of system size, bulk solvation, and geometry re-optimization on the error. The mean absolute differences (MADs) observed for these five enzyme model systems are similar to those observed for PM6 and PM7 for smaller systems (10–15 kcal/mol), while DFTB results in a MAD that is significantly lower (6 kcal/mol). The MADs for PMx and DFTB3 are each dominated by large errors for a single system and if the system is disregarded the MADs fall to 4–5 kcal/mol. Overall, results for the condensed phase are neither more or less accurate relative to B3LYP than those in the gas phase. With the exception of PM7-TS, the MAD for small and large structural models are very similar, with a maximum deviation of 3 kcal/mol for PM6. Geometry optimization with PM6 shows that for one system this method predicts a different mechanism compared to B3LYP/6-31G(d,p). For the remaining systems, geometry optimization of the large structural model increases the MAD relative to single points, by 2.5 and 1.8 kcal/mol for barriers and reaction energies. For the small structural model, the corresponding MADs decrease by 0.4 and 1.2 kcal/mol, respectively. However, despite these small changes, significant changes in the structures are observed for some systems, such as proton transfer and hydrogen bonding rearrangements. The paper represents the first step in the process of creating a benchmark set of barriers computed for systems that are relatively large and representative of enzymatic reactions, a considerable challenge for any one research group but possible through a concerted effort by the community. We end by outlining steps needed to expand and improve the data set and how other researchers can contribute to the process.
Open science in practice: Learning integrated modeling of coupled surface‐subsurface flow processes from scratch
Authors: Yu Xuan , Duffy Christopher J. , Rousseau Alain N. , Bhatt Gopal , Pardo Álvarez Álvaro , Charron Dominique
Published: May 2016

Integrated modeling of coupled surface‐subsurface flow and ensuing role in diverse Earth system processes is of current research interest to characterize nonlinear rainfall‐runoff response and also to understand land surface energy balances, biogeochemical processes, geomorphological dynamics, etc. A growing number of complex models have been developed for water‐related research, and many of these are made available to the Earth science community. However, relatively few resources have been made accessible to the potentially large group of Earth science and engineering users. New users have to invest an extraordinary effort to study the models. To provide a stimulating experience focusing on the learning curve of integrated modeling of coupled surface‐subsurface flow, we describe use cases of an open source model, the Penn State Integrated Hydrologic Model, PIHM. New users were guided through data processing and model application by reproducing a numerical benchmark problem and a real‐world watershed simulation. Specifically, we document the PIHM application and its computational workflow to enable intuitive understanding of coupled surface‐subsurface flow processes. In addition, we describe the user experience as important evidence of the significance of reusability. The interaction shows that documentation of data, software, and computational workflow in research papers is a promising method to foster open scientific collaboration and reuse. This study demonstrates how open science practice in research papers would promote the utility of open source software. Addressing such open science practice in publications would promote the utility of journal papers. Further, popularization of such practice will require coordination among research communities, funding agencies, and journals.
Modulation of the substorm current wedge by bursty bulk flows: 8 September 2002—Revisited
Authors: Palin L. , Opgenoorth H. J. , Ågren K. , Zivkovic T. , Sergeev V. A. , Kubyshkina M. V. , Nikolaev A. , Kauristie K. , van de Kamp M. , Amm O. , Milan S. E. , Imber S. M. , Facskó G. , Palmroth M. , Nakamura R.
Published: May 2016

The ultimate formation mechanism of the substorm current wedge (SCW) remains to date unclear. In this study, we investigate its relationship to plasma flows at substorm onset and throughout the following expansion phase. We revisit the case of 8 September 2002, which has been defined as “one of the best textbook examples of a substorm” because of its excellent coverage by both spacecraft in the magnetotail and ground‐based observatories. We found that a dense sequence of arrival of nightside flux transfer events (NFTEs; which can be understood as the lobe magnetic signature due to a bursty bulk flow travelling earthward in the central plasma sheet) in the near‐Earth tail leads to a modulation (and further step‐like builtup) of the SCW intensity during the substorm expansion phase. In addition, we found that small SCWs are created also during the growth phase of the event in association with another less intense sequence of NFTEs. The differences between the sequence of NFTEs in the growth and expansion phase are discussed. We conclude that the envelope of the magnetic disturbances which we typically refer to as an intense magnetic substorm is the result of a group or sequence of more intense and more frequent NFTEs.
Sensing of upslope passages of frontal bores across the trench slope break of the Japan Trench
Authors: Fukao Yoshio , Sugioka Hiroko , Ito Aki , Shiobara Hajime , Paros Jerome M. , Furue Ryo
Published: May 2016

The circum‐Pacific trench slope system is one of the most spectacular topographic features of the Earth. We report the relatively frequent occurrence of upslope passages (∼50 times a year) of internal bores in the Japan Trench system. Observations were made using a triaxial accelerometer, a tiltmeter, and a current meter at the seafloor, ∼3400 m deep, during 10 months from 2013 to 2014. We detected 42 tilt events from the records of the accelerometer and confirmed their consistency with the tiltmeter records. The tilt occurred always landward by 1–10 µrad with a rise time on the order of 1000 s and return to the original with a much longer recovery time. The current and temperature records available for the first two events indicated that landward tilting was associated with an upslope current with a speed of several cm/s and a temperature drop of several tens of m °C. The temperature remained cold even after the current had diminished. All of these observations implied the frontal passages of upslope advancing bores, which caused the instrument to be tilted landward. The observational site was located at the trench slope break, separating the trench slope (sloping supercritically or near critically for the M2 internal tide) from the fore‐arc basin (sloping subcritically). This unique locality suggested the internal tide origin of the observed bores, although other possibilities could not be precluded. Bores generated on the trench slope may play a role for upslope transportation of suspended sediments stirred up by deep submarine landslides.
Overturned folds in ice sheets: Insights from a kinematic model of traveling sticky patches and comparisons with observations
Authors: Wolovick Michael J. , Creyts Timothy T.
Published: May 2016

Overturned folds are observed in regions of the Greenland ice sheet where driving stress is highly variable. Three mechanisms have been proposed to explain these folds: freezing subglacial water, traveling basal slippery patches, and englacial rheological contrasts. Here we explore how traveling basal sticky patches can produce overturned folds. Transitions from low to high stress cause a tradeoff in ice flow between basal slip and internal deformation that deflects ice stratigraphy vertically. If these transitions move, the slip‐deformation tradeoff can produce large folds. Those folds record the integrated effects of time‐varying basal slip. To understand how dynamic changes in basal slip influence ice sheet stratigraphy, we develop a kinematic model of ice flow in a moving reference frame that follows a single traveling sticky patch. The ice flow field forms a vortex when viewed in the moving reference frame, and this vortex traps ice above the traveling patch and produces overturned folds. Sticky patches that travel downstream faster produce larger overturned folds. We use the model as an interpretive tool to infer properties of basal slip from three example folds. Our model suggests that the sticky patches underneath these folds propagated downstream at rates between one half and the full ice velocity. The regional flow regime for the smaller two folds requires substantial internal deformation whereas the regime for the largest fold requires substantially more basal slip. The distribution and character of stratigraphic folds reflect the evolution and propagation of individual sticky patches and their effects on ice sheet flow.
A characterization of intermediate‐scale spread F structure from four years of high‐resolution C/NOFS satellite data
Authors: Rino Charles L. , Carrano Charles S. , Groves Keith M. , Roddy Patrick A.
Published: May 2016

Power law spectra have been invoked to interpret equatorial scintillation data for decades. Published analyses of intensity and phase scintillation data typically report power law spectra of the form q−p with 2.4 < p < 2.6. However, in situ rocket and satellite measurements of equatorial spread F have shown evidence of spectra with two power law components. Strong scatter simulations and recent theoretical results have shown that two‐component power law spectra can reconcile simultaneous equatorial scintillation observations from VHF to S‐Band. The Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite Planar Langmuir Probe generated a multiyear high‐resolution sampling of equatorial spread F, but published analyses to date have reported only single‐component power laws over scales from tens of kilometers to 70 m. This paper summarizes the analysis of high‐resolution C/NOFS data collected over the four year period 2011 to 2014. Following an earlier investigation of several months of C/NOFS data by the authors of this paper, the extended data set revealed a pattern of occurrence of two‐component spectra in the most highly disturbed data sets. The results confirm a known inverse correlation between turbulent strength and spectral index. The new results are interpreted as an equatorial spread F life cycle pattern with two‐component spectra in the early development phase giving way to single‐component spectra in the decay phase.
Hazard function analysis for flood planning under nonstationarity
Authors: Read Laura K. , Vogel Richard M.
Published: May 2016

The field of hazard function analysis (HFA) involves a probabilistic assessment of the “time to failure” or “return period,”T, of an event of interest. HFA is used in epidemiology, manufacturing, medicine, actuarial statistics, reliability engineering, economics, and elsewhere. For a stationary process, the probability distribution function (pdf) of the return period always follows an exponential distribution, the same is not true for nonstationary processes. When the process of interest,X, exhibits nonstationary behavior, HFA can provide a complementary approach to risk analysis with analytical tools particularly useful for hydrological applications. After a general introduction to HFA, we describe a new mathematical linkage between the magnitude of the flood event,X, and its return period,T, for nonstationary processes. We derive the probabilistic properties ofTfor a nonstationary one‐parameter exponential model ofX, and then use both Monte‐Carlo simulation and HFA to generalize the behavior ofTwhenXarises from a nonstationary two‐parameter lognormal distribution. For this case, our findings suggest that a two‐parameter Weibull distribution provides a reasonable approximation for the pdf ofT. We document how HFA can provide an alternative approach to characterize the probabilistic properties of both nonstationary flood series and the resulting pdf ofT.
An evidence for prompt electric field disturbance driven by changes in the solar wind density under northward IMF Bz condition
Authors: Rout Diptiranjan , Chakrabarty D. , Sekar R. , Reeves G. D. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Pant Tarun K. , Veenadhari B. , Shiokawa K.
Published: May 2016

Before the onset of a geomagnetic storm on 22 January 2012 (Ap = 24), an enhancement in solar wind number density from 10/cm3 to 22/cm3 during 0440–0510 UT under northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF Bz) condition is shown to have enhanced the high‐latitude ionospheric convection and also caused variations in the geomagnetic field globally. Conspicuous changes in ΔX are observed not only at longitudinally separated low‐latitude stations over Indian (prenoon), South American (midnight), Japanese (afternoon), Pacific (afternoon) and African (morning) sectors but also at latitudinally separated stations located over high and middle latitudes. The latitudinal variation of the amplitude of the ΔX during 0440–0510 UT is shown to be consistent with the characteristics of prompt penetration electric field disturbances. Most importantly, the density pulse event caused enhancements in the equatorial electrojet strength and the peak height of the F layer (hmF2) over the Indian dip equatorial sector. Further, the concomitant enhancements in electrojet current and F layer movement over the dip equator observed during this space weather event suggest a common driver of prompt electric field disturbance at this time. Such simultaneous variations are found to be absent during magnetically quiet days. In absence of significant change in solar wind velocity and magnetospheric substorm activity, these observations point toward perceptible prompt electric field disturbance over the dip equator driven by the overcompression of the magnetosphere by solar wind density enhancement.
Invigorating ocean boundary current systems around Australia during 1979–2014: As simulated in a near‐global eddy‐resolving ocean model
Authors: Feng Ming , Zhang Xuebin , Oke Peter , Monselesan Didier , Chamberlain Matthew , Matear Richard , Schiller Andreas
Published: May 2016

Ocean boundary currents, transporting water masses and marine biota along the coastlines, are important for regional climate and marine ecosystem functions. In this study, we review the dominant multi‐decadal trends of ocean boundary currents around Australia. Using an eddy‐resolving global ocean circulation model, this study has revealed that the major ocean boundary current systems around Australia, the East Australian Current (EAC), the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), the Leeuwin Current, the South Australian Current and the Flinders Current, have strengthened during 1979–2014, consistent with existing observations. Eddy energetics in the EAC, the ITF/South Equatorial Current in the southeast Indian Ocean, and the Leeuwin Current have also enhanced during the same period. The multi‐decadal strengthening of the ocean boundary current systems are primarily driven by large scale wind patterns associated with the dominant modes of climate variability and change – the phase shift of the Inter‐decadal Pacific Oscillation/Pacific Decadal Oscillation strengthens the ITF and the Leeuwin Current/South Australian Current; and the poleward shift and strengthening of surface winds in the subtropical gyres reinforce the EAC and the Flinders Current. The invigorating ocean boundary current systems have induced extreme oceanographic conditions along the Australian coastlines in recent years, including the poleward shift of marine ecosystems off the east coast of Australia and the consecutive Ningaloo Niño – marine heatwave events off the west coast during 2011–2013. Understanding long‐term trends and decadal variations of the ocean boundary currents is crucial to project future changes of the coastal marine systems under the influence of human‐induced greenhouse gas forcing.
Exploring the impacts of multiple tidal constituents and varying river flow on long‐term, large‐scale estuarine morphodynamics by means of a 1‐D model
Authors: Guo Leicheng , van der Wegen Mick , Wang Zheng Bing , Roelvink Dano , He Qing
Published: May 2016

Tidal asymmetry is an important mechanism generating tidal residual sediment transport (TRST) in tidal environments. So far, it is known that a number of tidal interactions (e.g., M2‐M4 and M2‐O1‐K1) can induce tidal asymmetry and associated TRST; however, their variability and morphodynamic impacts are insufficiently explored. Inspired by the river and tidal forcing conditions in the Yangtze River Estuary, we explore the morphodynamic development of a 560 km long estuary under the boundary forcing conditions of varyingly combined tidal constituents and river discharges using a schematized 1‐D morphodynamic model for long‐term (millennial) simulations. We then employ an analytical scheme which integrates sediment transport as a function of flow velocities to decompose the contribution of different tidal interactions on TRST and to explain how the river and tidal interactions control TRST and associated morphodynamics. Model results display varying equilibrium bed profiles. Analytical results suggest that (1) a series of tidal interactions creates multiple tidal asymmetries and associated TRST, (2) river flow modulates tidal asymmetry nonlinearly in space, and (3) more tidal constituents at the sea boundary persistently enhance the seaward TRST through river‐tide interactions. It is the combined effects of multiple tidal asymmetries and river‐tide interactions that determine the net TRST and consequent morphodynamic development. It thus suggests that tidal harmonics of significant amplitudes need to be considered properly as boundary conditions for long‐term, large‐scale morphodynamic modeling.
Energy‐Efficient Hybrid Perovskite Memristors and Synaptic Devices
Authors: Xiao Zhengguo , Huang Jinsong
Published: May 2016

New parallel computing architectures based on neuromorphic computing are needed due to their advantages over conventional computation with regards to real‐time processing of unstructured sensory data such as image, video, or voice. However, developing artificial neuromorphic system remains a challenge due to the lack of electronic synaptic devices, which can mimic all the functions of biological synapses with low energy consumption. Here it is reported that two‐terminal organometal trihalide perovskite (OTP) synaptic devices can mimic the neuromorphic learning and remembering process. Various functions known in biological synapses are demonstrated in OTP synaptic devices including four forms of spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP), spike‐rate‐dependent plasticity (SRDP), short‐term plasticity (STP) and long‐term potentiation (LTP)), and learning‐experience behavior. The excellent photovoltaic property of the OTP devices also enables photo‐read synaptic functions. The perovskite synapse has the potential of low energy consumption of femto‐Joule/(100 nm)2 per event, which is close to the energy consumption of biological synapses. The demonstration of energy‐efficient OTP synaptic devices opens a new plausible application of OTP materials into neuromorphic devices, which offer the high connectivity and high density required for biomimic computing.
Exome sequencing identifies a de novo frameshift mutation in the imprinted gene ZDBF2 in a sporadic patient with Nasopalpebral Lipoma‐coloboma syndrome
Authors: Chacón‐Camacho Oscar F. , Sobreira Nara , You Jing , Piña‐Aguilar Raul E. , Villegas‐Ruiz Vanessa , Zenteno Juan C.
Published: May 2016

Nasopalpebral lipoma‐coloboma syndrome (NPLCS, OMIM%167730) is an uncommon malformation entity with autosomal dominant inheritance characterized by the combination of nasopalpebral lipoma, colobomas in upper and lower eyelids, telecanthus, and maxillary hypoplasia. To date, no genetic defects have been associated with familial or sporadic NPLCS cases and the etiology of the disease remains unknown. In this work, the results of whole exome sequencing in a sporadic NPLCS patient are presented. Exome sequencing identified a de novo heterozygous frameshift dinucleotide insertion c.6245_6246 insTT (p.His2082fs*67) in ZDBF2 (zinc finger, DBF‐type containing 2), a gene located at 2q33.3. This variant was absent in parental DNA, in a set of 300 ethnically matched controls, and in public exome variant databases. This is the first genetic variant identified in a NPLCS patient and evidence supporting the pathogenicity of the identified mutation is discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct N‐Acylation of Sulfoximines with Aldehydes by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis under Oxidative Conditions
Authors: Porey Arka , Santra Surojit , Guin Joyram
Published: May 2016

An active acyl donor intermediate generated in situ from an aldehyde by oxidative N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐catalysis enables direct acylation of NH‐sulfoximine, affording various N‐acylsulfoximines in excellent yields. The reaction was performed with an inexpensive carbene catalyst and easily accessible bisquinone oxidant. This straightforward transformation demonstrated a broad substrate scope with respect to sulfoximines and aldehydes. Importantly, the method allowed amidation of several unactivated aliphatic aldehydes in good‐to‐moderate yields. Preparative synthesis of N‐acylsulfoximine (up to >2 g) was achieved with this simple method.
Synthesis of β‐Ketosulfones by using Sulfonyl Chloride as a Sulfur Source
Authors: Xia Yingya , Chen Xiaolan , Qu Lingbo , Sun Kai , Xia Xiaoyi , Fu Wenkai , Chen Xi , Yang Yongkang , Zhao Yufen , Li Chaojun
Published: May 2016

An efficient one‐pot green strategy has been developed for the synthesis of β‐ketosulfones by directly using easily available and inexpensive sulfonyl chlorides as a sulfur source to react with aromatic alkenes in the presence of cheap tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and Et3N in 1,2‐dichloroethane (DCE) at 45 °C within 3 h.
Splenic volume in severe sepsis is associated with disease severity and pneumococcal infection
Authors: Koga Yasutaka , Fujita Motoki , Nakahara Takashi , Yagi Takeshi , Miyauchi Takashi , Kaneda Kotaro , Kawamura Yoshikatsu , Oda Yasutaka , Tsuruta Ryosuke
Published: May 2016

Aim

A small spleen, which is occasionally found in patients with pneumococcal sepsis, may increase pneumococcal susceptibility because of splenic malfunction. However, a small spleen may also originate from severe disease. We carried out a retrospective study to evaluate the association between splenic volume and severe pneumococcal sepsis or disease severity.

Methods

We reviewed the medical records of 23 patients with severe pneumococcal sepsis treated at our institution between January 2004 and September 2015 (pneumococcal group) and 61 patients with severe non‐pneumococcal bacteremia treated between April 2011 and September 2015 (control group). Splenic volume measured by abdominal computed tomography on admission was compared between the two groups. Correlations between Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores and splenic volume on admission and the change in splenic volume from the non‐septic state to admission were also determined.

Results

Splenic volume on admission was significantly smaller (P = 0.001) and a small spleen was more frequent (P < 0.001) in the pneumococcal group. The APACHE II score was negatively correlated with splenic volume on admission (r = −0.46, P < 0.001) and the change in splenic volume (r = −0.44, P = 0.004). Pneumococcal infection (odds ratio 13.1, 95% confidence interval 2.6–65.7; P = 0.002) and APACHE II score (odds ratio 1.2, 95% confidence interval 1.1–1.3; P = 0.002) were independently associated with small spleen.

Conclusion

Splenic volume decreased with increasing severity of severe sepsis. A small spleen was also associated with severe pneumococcal infection.
Controlled Exfoliation of Layered Silicate Heterostructures into Bilayers and Their Conversion into Giant Janus Platelets
Authors: Stöter Matthias , Gödrich Sebastian , Feicht Patrick , Rosenfeldt Sabine , Thurn Herbert , Neubauer Jens W. , Seuss Maximilian , Lindner Peter , Kalo Hussein , Möller Michael , Fery Andreas , Förster Stephan , Papastavrou Georg , Breu Josef
Published: May 2016

Ordered heterostructures of layered materials where interlayers with different reactivities strictly alternate in stacks offer predetermined slippage planes that provide a precise route for the preparation of bilayer materials. We use this route for the synthesis of a novel type of reinforced layered silicate bilayer that is 15 % stiffer than the corresponding monolayer. Furthermore, we will demonstrate that triggering cleavage of bilayers by osmotic swelling gives access to a generic toolbox for an asymmetrical modification of the two vis‐à‐vis standing basal planes of monolayers. Only two simple steps applying arbitrary commercial polycations are needed to obtain such Janus‐type monolayers. The generic synthesis route will be applicable to many other layered compounds capable of osmotic swelling, rendering this approach interesting for a variety of materials and applications.
Individual Detection and Electrochemically Assisted Identification of Adsorbed Nanoparticles by Using Surface Plasmon Microscopy
Authors: Nizamov Shavkat , Kasian Olga , Mirsky Vladimir M.
Published: May 2016

The increasing production and application of nanoparticles necessitates a highly sensitive analytical method for the quantification and identification of these potentially hazardous materials. We describe here an application of surface plasmon microscopy for the individual detection of each adsorbed nanoparticle and for visualization of its electrochemical conversion. Whereas the adsorption rate characterizes the number concentration of nanoparticles, the potential at which the adsorbed nanoparticles disappear during an anodic potential sweep characterizes the type of material. All the adsorbed nanoparticles are subjected to the potential sweep simultaneously; nevertheless, each of the up to a million adsorbed nanoparticles is identified individually by its electrochemical dissolution potential. The technique has been tested with silver and copper nanoparticles, but can be extended to many other electrochemically active nanomaterials.
Mixing‐assisted hydrothermal synthesis of nanostructured ZnAPSO‐34 used in conversion of methanol to light olefins: effect of agitation RPM on catalytic properties and performance
Authors: Yazdani Mohsen , Haghighi Mohammad , Ashkriz Saeid
Published: May 2016

Nanostructured ZnAPSO‐34 catalyst was synthesized via hydrothermal method, and the effects of mixing rate at different rpms on catalytic properties and performances in methanol to olefins process were comprehensively investigated. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by x‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, particle size distribution (PSD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, energy dispersive x‐ray, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. The results of x‐ray diffraction patterns indicated beneficial effects of mixing rates on the crystallinity of the samples. They reflected that by increase of agitation rate, crystallinity of the synthesized catalysts has been considerably improved. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images confirmed effects of agitation rate on the morphology and particle size of the samples. It was found that the sample with higher mixing rate has the most uniform morphology with fine distribution of smaller particles. The outcome of Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis revealed remarkable surface area of ZnAPSO‐34 with the highest mixing rate that provides great active phase for the MTO reactions. Catalytic performance tests of synthesized ZnAPSO‐34 at different mixing rates toward methanol to light olefins reaction indicated higher methanol conversion and product selectivity. Considerable lifetime has been recorded for the nanostructured catalyst with the highest mixing rate of 900 rpm. © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microcrystalline Zinc Coordination Polymers as Single‐site Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Selective Synthesis of Mono‐oxazolines from Amino Alcohol and Dinitriles
Authors: Wang Junning , Huang Chao , Gao Kuan , Wang Xiaolu , Liu Mengjia , Ma Haoran , Wu Jie , Hou Hongwei
Published: May 2016

In our effort to develop coordination polymers (CPs)‐based single‐site catalysts for the selective synthesis of mono‐oxazolines, two Zn‐based CPs, [{Zn6(idbt)4(phen)4} ⋅3 H2O]n (1) and [{Zn3(idbt)2(H2O)4}⋅2 H2O]n (2) (H3idbt= 5,5′‐(1H‐imidazole‐4,5‐diyl)‐bis‐(2H‐tetrazole), phen=1,10‐phenanthroline) have been synthesized. They exhibit two‐dimensional structure and contain isolated and accessible catalytically active sites, mimicking the site isolation of many catalytic enzymes. Micro CPs 1 and 2 are obtained by using surfactant‐mediated hydrothermal methods, and an investigation is conducted to explore how different surfactants affect their morphologies and particle sizes. Furthermore, micro 1 and 2 have shown to be effective heterogeneous catalysts for the reaction of amino alcohols and aromatic dinitriles, and exerted a significant influence on the selectivity of the catalytic reactions, yielding mono‐oxazolines as the major reaction product.
Sensory subtypes and associated outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Ausderau Karla K. , Sideris John , Little Lauren M. , Furlong Melissa , Bulluck John C. , Baranek Grace T.
Published: May 2016

Sensory features are prevalent and heterogeneous across children with ASD and these features have been associated with child outcomes. Identification of clinically defined sensory subtypes may enhance our understanding of unique phenotypes that have implications for etiology, prognosis, and intervention. This longitudinal study used a national online survey aimed to identify associations of previously validated sensory subtypes to specific child and family characteristics and functional outcomes [vineland adaptive behavior scale‐II (VABS) and parenting stress index short form (PSI)]. The sensory experiences questionnaire‐3.0 was collected from caregivers with children with ASD, ages 2–12, at two time points (Time 1, n = 1307, Time 2, n = 884), 1 year apart. Functional outcomes assessments were collected at the second time point. A latent profile transition analysis (LPTA) was used to test associations, and results indicated that the attenuated‐preoccupied subtype presented with the significantly lowest levels of VABS adaptive behavior composite scores compared to the other three sensory subtypes. Both the VABS maladaptive behavior index and the total PSI score were significantly highest in the extreme‐mixed subtype. These results underscore the clinical utility of this subtyping approach for differentiating characteristics and functional outcomes associated with clinically defined sensory phenotypes. These findings may have implications for better understanding etiology, prognosis, and more precise targets for interventions designed to ameliorate sensory difficulties, and ultimately mitigate negative developmental consequences and parenting stress. Autism Res 2016, 9: 1316–1327. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of solvents, solvent mixture and silver nanoparticles on photophysical properties of a ketocyanine dye
Authors: Thipperudrappa J. , Deepa H.R. , Raghavendra U.P. , Hanagodimath S.M. , Melavanki R.M.
Published: May 2016

The effect of solvents of varying polarity and hydrogen bonding ability, solvent mixture and silver nanoparticles on the photophysical properties of a ketocyanine dye, 2,5‐di[(E)‐1‐(4‐diethylaminophenyl) methylidine]‐1‐cyclopentanone (2,5‐DEAPMC), is investigated at room temperature. Solvent effect is analyzed using Lippert–Mataga bulk polarity function, Reichardt's microscopic solvent polarity parameter, and Kamlet's and Catalan's multiple linear regression approaches. The spectral properties better follow Reichardt's microscopic solvent polarity parameter than the Lippert–Mataga bulk polarity function. This indicates that both general and specific solute–solvent interactions are operative. Kamlet's and Catalan's multiple linear regression approaches indicate that polarizability/dipolarity solvent influences are greater than hydrogen bond donor and hydrogen bond acceptor solvent influences. The solvatochromic correlations are used to estimate excited state dipole moment using the experimentally determined ground state dipole moment. The excited state dipole moment of the dye is found to be larger than its corresponding ground state dipole moment and ground and excited state dipole moments are not parallel, but subtend an angle of 77°. The absorption and emission spectra are modulated in the presence silver nanoparticles. The fluorescence of 2,5‐DEAPMC is quenched by silver nanoparticles. The possible fluorescence quenching mechanisms are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fatty acid synthase regulates invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer via Wnt signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Haiyu , Xi Qiulei , Wu Guohao
Published: May 2016

Fatty acid synthase (Fasn) is the key metabolic enzyme that accounts for the terminal catalytic step in fatty acid synthesis, which is hyperactivated in various tumors. In this study, we depicted that Fasn expression was elevated in human colorectal cancer (CRC), which accordingly led to lymphatic and distant metastasis and a more advanced clinical phenotype. Genetic perturbations demonstrated that knocking down Fasn inhibited cell migration and invasion both in SW480 and HT29 CRC cell lines. Further mechanical exploration revealed that Fasn knockdown could attenuate Wnt signaling pathway via downregulating distinctive genes, namely Wnt5a, Wnt5b, Fzd2, which at least partly contributed to the decrease in metastasis. Clinical evidence verified a positive correlation between Fasn expression and Wnt signal marker gene expression in a cohort of 43 CRC patients. In conclusion, we shed light on metabolic switches took place during CRC carcinogenesis, among which Fasn is a critical factor and a potential therapeutic target.
Data‐driven detailed hair animation for game characters
Authors: Wu Chenlei , Kanai Takashi
Published: May 2016

We propose a data‐driven method to realize high‐quality detailed hair animations in interactive applications like games. By devising an error metric method to evaluate hair animation similarities, we take hair features into consideration as much as possible. We also propose a novel database construction algorithm based on Secondary Motion Graph. Our algorithm can improve the efficiency of such graphs to reduce redundant data and also achieves visually smooth connection of two animation clips while taking into consideration their future motions. The costs for the run‐time process using our Secondary Motion Graph are relatively low, allowing real‐time interactive operations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pipelining image compositing in heterogeneous networking environments
Authors: Liu Ning , Zhu Dengming , Wang Zhaoqi , Qin Hong , Zhan Jianfeng , Gao Jinzhu
Published: May 2016

Because of intensive inter‐node communications, image compositing has always been a bottleneck in parallel visualization systems. In a heterogeneous networking environment, the variation of link bandwidth and latency adds more uncertainty to the system performance. In this paper, we present a pipelining image compositing algorithm in heterogeneous networking environments, which is able to rearrange the direction of data flow of a compositing pipeline under strict ordering constraint. We introduce a novel directional image compositing operator that specifies not only the color and α channels of the output but also the direction of data flow when performing compositing. Based on this new operator, we thoroughly study the properties of image compositing pipelines in heterogeneous environments. We develop an optimization algorithm that could find the optimal pipeline from an exponentially large searching space in polynomial time. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation on the ns‐3 network simulator. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of our method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dance performance evaluation using hidden Markov models
Authors: Laraba Sohaib , Tilmanne Joëlle
Published: May 2016

We present in this paper a hidden Markov model‐based system for real‐time gesture recognition and performance evaluation. The system decodes performed gestures and outputs at the end of a recognized gesture, a likelihood value that is transformed into a score. This score is used to evaluate a performance comparing to a reference one. For the learning procedure, a set of relational features has been extracted from high‐precision motion capture system and used to train hidden Markov models. At runtime, a low‐cost sensor (Microsoft Kinect) is used to capture a learner's movements. An intermediate step of model adaptation was hence requested to allow recognizing gestures captured by this low‐cost sensor. We present one application of this gesture evaluation system in the context of traditional dance basics learning. The estimation of the log‐likelihood allows giving a feedback to the learner as a score related to his performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Realistic modeling of porous materials
Authors: Baravalle Rodrigo , Scandolo Leonardo , Delrieux Claudio , García Bauza Cristian , Eisemann Elmar
Published: May 2016

Photorealistic modeling and rendering of materials with complex internal mesostructure is a hard challenge in Computer Graphics. In particular, macroscopic porous materials consist of complex translucent substances that exhibit different details and light interaction at several different scales. State‐of‐the‐art techniques for modeling porous materials manage the material either as a surface and set up complex capture procedures or as a volume by employing different instances of procedural noise models for its representation. While the surface solution achieves several desired material properties, it still presents drawbacks in practical applications—high computational costs, complex capture procedures, and poor image variability, among others. Volumetric solutions are more flexible, but the final structure and appearance are difficult to control. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose an algorithm for the procedural generation of porous materials. The method is based on an artistic and physically inspired simulation of the growth of self‐avoiding bubbles inside a volume, by means of dynamical systems. The patterns induced by the bubbles can be easily and intuitively controlled. The bubbles adapt to any given shape and have convincing global and local fluid‐like patterns as seen in bread and sponges. Our method generates 3D textures that adequately represent porous materials, which can be used as input for creating realistic renderings of different porous objects. As a case study, we present the results of using these 3D textures as input to a direct volume renderer and show that they compare favorably with standard 3D texture synthesis methods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential expression of long non‐coding RNAs in hyperoxia‐induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Bao Tian‐Ping , Wu Rong , Cheng Huai‐Ping , Cui Xian‐Wei , Tian Zhao‐Fang
Published: May 2016

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication of premature birth that seriously affects the survival rate and quality of life among preterm neonates. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in many human diseases. However, the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of BPD remains poorly understood. Here, we exposed neonatal C57BL/6J mice to 95% concentrations of ambient oxygen and established a mouse lung injury model that mimicked human BPD. Next, we compared lncRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles between BPD and normal lung tissues using a high‐throughput mouse lncRNA + mRNA array system. Compared with the control group, 882 lncRNAs were upregulated, and 887 lncRNAs were downregulated in BPD lung tissues. We validated some candidate BPD‐associated lncRNAs by real‐time quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis in eight pairs of BPD and normal lung tissues. Gene ontology, pathway and bioinformatics analyses revealed that a downregulated lncRNA, namely AK033210, associated with tenascin C may be involved in the pathogenesis of BPD. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to reveal differential lncRNA expression in BPD, which provides a foundation for further understanding of the molecular mechanism of BPD development. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CuH‐Catalysed Hydroamination of Styrene with Hydroxylamine Esters: A Coupled Cluster Scrutiny of Mechanistic Pathways
Authors: Tobisch Sven
Published: May 2016

A detailed computational exploration of mechanistic intricacies of the copper(I) hydride (CuH)‐catalysed hydroamination of styrene with a prototype hydroxylamine ester by a recently reported [(dppbz)CuH] catalyst (dppbz≡{P^P}≡1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐benzene) is presented. A variety of plausible mechanistic avenues have been pursued by means of a sophisticated computational methodology, from which a general understanding of the factors controlling hydroamination catalysis emerged. The catalytically competent {P^P}CuI hydride, which is predominantly present as its dimer, involves in irreversible hydrocupration proceeding with complete 2,1 regioselectivity to form a secondary {P^P}CuI benzyl intermediate. Its interception with benzylamine ester produces the branched tertiary amine product and {P^P}CuI benzoate upon intramolecular SN2 disruption of the amine electrophile′s N−O linkage, to precede a highly rapid, strongly exergonic C−N bond‐forming reductive elimination. The {P^P}CuI benzoate corresponds to the catalyst resting state and its conversion back into the {P^P}CuI hydride upon transmetalation with a hydrosilane is turnover limiting. The effect of electronic perturbations at the amine electrophile upon the reaction rate for productive hydroamination catalysis and also non‐productive reduction of the hydroxylamine ester has been gauged, which unveiled a more fundamental insight into catalytic structure‐performance relationships.
Adjacent Lone Pair (ALP) Effect: A Computational Approach for Its Origin
Authors: Zhang Huaiyu , Wu Wei , Ahmed Basil M. , Mezei Gellert , Mo Yirong
Published: May 2016

The adjacent lone pair (ALP) effect is an experimental phenomenon in certain nitrogenous heterocyclic systems exhibiting the preference of the products with lone pairs separated over other isomers with lone pairs adjacent. A theoretical elucidation of the ALP effect requires the decomposition of intramolecular energy terms and the isolation of lone pair–lone pair interactions. Here we used the block‐localized wavefunction (BLW) method within the ab initio valence bond (VB) theory to derive the strictly localized orbitals which are used to accommodate one‐atom centered lone pairs and two‐atom centered σ or π bonds. As such, interactions among electron pairs can be directly derived. Two‐electron integrals between adjacent lone pairs do not support the view that the lone pair–lone pair repulsion is responsible for the ALP effect. Instead, the disabling of π conjugation greatly diminishes the ALP effect, indicating that the reduction of π conjugation in deprotonated forms with two σ lone pairs adjacent is one of the major causes for the ALP effect. Further electrostatic potential analysis and intramolecular energy decomposition confirm that the other key factor is the favorable electrostatic attraction within the isomers with lone pairs separated.
Unexpected Michael Additions on the Way to 2.3,8.9‐Dibenzanthanthrenes with Interesting Structural Properties
Authors: Reus Christian , Lechner Marc P. , Schulze Matthias , Lungerich Dominik , Diner Colin , Gruber Marco , Stryker Jeffrey M. , Hampel Frank , Jux Norbert , Tykwinski Rik R.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis and properties of a new polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing eight annulated rings and based on the anthanthrene core is described. An unexpected, nucleophile‐dependent Michael addition to a dibenzanthanthrene‐1,7‐dione is found, giving a product with three triisopropylsilylacetylene units and a remarkable solid‐state structure (as determined by X‐ray crystallography).
Acidic Condensation of BODIPYs with Aldehydes: A Quick and Versatile Route to Alkenyl‐BODIPYs and C(sp3)‐Connected DYEmers
Authors: Ahrens Johannes , Cordes Birte , Wicht Richard , Wolfram Benedikt , Bröring Martin
Published: May 2016

The condensation of aldehydes with BODIPY (boron dipyrrin) luminophores was investigated. Formaldehyde can be used to connect two BODIPYs at each of the three pyrrolic C positions (α‐, β‐, and β′‐positions) in a quick and highly selective manner, yielding new DYEmers (di‐ and oligomeric BODIPY derivatives) with varied photophysical properties. Benzaldehydes form DYEmers only at the β‐ and the β′‐positions. For aliphatic aldehydes the DYEmer formation competes with the elimination of water from a proposed alcohol intermediate, leading to the formation of α‐ and β‐alkenyl‐BODIPYs. 2‐Phenylacetaldehyde and similar precursors exclusively yield elimination products. These acid‐mediated transformations are valuable alternatives to the well‐established, base‐promoted Knoevenagel condensation protocol that is typically employed in the preparation of BODIPYs with near infrared (NIR)‐shifted absorptions.
ChemInform Abstract: X‐RAY ABSORPTION EDGE AND EXAFS SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF MOLYBDENUM IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: CRAMER S. P. , EIDEM P. K. , PAFFETT M. T. , WINKLER J. R. , DORI Z. , GRAY H. B.
Published: May 2016

Messungen an Mo(II)‐, Mo(III)‐,Mo(IV)‐ und Mo(V)‐haltigen sauren wäßrigen Lösungen zeigen, daß die Energie der Absorptionskanten in der Reihe Mo(II) Mo(III) Mo(IV) Mo(V) zunimmt.