bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modal sosial dalam upaya pengelolaan sampah berkelanjutan di Kampung Iklim Joyotakan Surakarta
Authors: Mukaromah Hakimatul , Kusumastuti Kusumastuti
Published: January 2021

Keterbatasan lahan dalam penyediaan prasarana persampahan menjadi salah satu tantangan dalam pengelolaan sampah. Sampah juga turut menjadi salah satu penyumbang emisi gas rumah kaca yang berimplikasi pada perubahan iklim. Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Indonesia mencanangkan program kampung iklim sebagai bentuk peningkatan kapasitas mitigasi terhadap perubahan iklim melalui serangkaian kegiatan, salah satunya adalah pengelolaan sampah berkelanjutan. Pergeseran paradigma pengelolaan sampah konvensional menuju konsep berkelanjutan dengan prinsip reuse, reduce, dan recycle (3R) mulai diimplementasikan. Modal sosial menjadi salah satu aspek penting keberhasilan program yang berbasis pada partisipasi masyarakat.  Wilayah studi dalam penelitian ini adalah Kampung Iklim Joyotakan yang ditetapkan oleh Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Surakarta pada tahun 2017. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan bagaimana modal sosial dalam upaya pengelolaan sampah di Kampung Iklim Joyotakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari empat aspek modal sosial yang menjadi fokus pembahasan pada penelitian ini, yaitu kualitas/kapasitas sumber daya manusia, bentuk interaksi/organisasi sosial, kepemimpinan, dan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan, memiliki hubungan yang positif terhadap tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam upaya pengelolaan sampah yang berkelanjutan. Meskipun terdapat beberapa hal yang potensial untuk memperkuat modal sosial dalam konteks untuk memaksimalkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam upaya pengelolaan sampah yang berkelanjutan. Di antaranya adalah peningkatan nilai tambah dalam pengelolaan sampah agar memiliki nilai ekonomi, transfer pengetahuan terkait pengolahan dan teknologi pengolahan sampah kepada seluruh masyarakat karena ada potensi interaksi sosial yang cukup besar, dan pelibatan masyarakat yang lebih besar (penerapan model bottom up) dalam berbagai program yang diinisiasi oleh berbagai stakeholder.
Persepsi aparat dan masyarakat pada implementasi teknologi geospasial dalam efisiensi pelayanan skala kelurahan
Authors: Putri Rufia Andisetyana , Rini Erma Fitria , Rahayu Paramita
Published: January 2021

Di era digital modern saat ini, efisiensi pelayanana publik sangat dipengaruhi oleh kapasitas aparat dan digitalisasi sistem pelayanan. Terkait dengan tingkat pelayanan pada skala kelurahan, perubahan guna lahan dan berbagai informasi yang terkait dengan ruang bisa sangat dinamis. Perpindahan penduduk, perubahan fungsi bangunan, maupun aktivitas masyarakat yang berpengaruh pada ruang bisa terjadi sewaktu-waktu. Terkait dengan dinamika ini, ketersediaan sistem digital dan kapasitas aparat serta masyarakat yang mampu mengoperasikan sistem tersebut, dapat menjadi tonggak bagi sistem pelayanan publik skala kelurahan yang lebih baik dan efektif. Dengan menggunakan studi kasus dan instrument kuesioner dengan skala likert, pada aparat dan masyarakat, penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa pemahaman aparat dan masyarakat pada pentingya peningkatan efektifitas pelayanan publikk melalui implementasi teknologi dapat terbuka melalui difusi informasi melalui kerjasama dengan akademisi. Pelatihan yang efektif sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas aparat dan masyarakat terkait operasionalisasi sistem digital dalam penataan ruang, khususya SIG (Sistem Informasi Geografis).
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Content Wheel di Program Studi Teknologi Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Authors: Ratu FAqihSeruni ALam  , Kunto Imbar
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengembangkan Media Pembelajaran “Content Wheel” dengan model Borg and Gall yang telah dimodifikasi dengan menjalakankan enam langkah tahapan yaitu Pengumpulan informasi, Perencanaan, Mengembangkan Produk Awal, Uji Coba Lapangan Awal,Revisi ke-1, Uji Coba Lapangan. Penelitian pengembangan ini dilaksanakan di Program Studi Teknologi Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, dikaji oleh para ahli yang terdiri dari ahli materi, ahli media dan responden yang merupakan mahasiswa aktif teknologi pendidikan. Dalam pengembangannya hal yang dilakukan pertama kali ialah mengumpulkan informasi untuk menganalisis kebutuhan. Selanjutnya merumuskan tujuan pengembangan dan membuat perencanaa, lalu membuat suatu prototype yang disesuaikan dengan hasil analisis yang telah dikumpulkan, melakukan review produk dengan para ahli, revisi produk sesuai dengan hasil masukan dari ahli. Tahapan akhir dari pengembangan ini ialah melakukan penilaian oleh mahasiswa sebagai pengguna.

Hasil pengkajian oleh ahli materi didapatkan hasil sebesar 2,85, dan hasil pengkajian dari ahli media sebesar 4,25. Dan apabila dihitung rata-rata dari hasil pengkajian tersebut didapatkan nilai sebesar 3,6 dimana kualitas dari produk yang dikembangkan ini termasuk kategori baik. Selain pengkajian dari para ahli, produk pembelajaran ini juga diujicobakan kepada mahasiswa, pada ujicoba ini didapatkan nilai rata-rata sebesar 4,14 dimana nilai dari hasil ujicoba ini merupakan kategori baik
Learning how to read? the value of lectures in the context of HE English Literature
Authors: Stenke Katarina
Published: January 2021

The increasing pace of change in today’s teaching and learning, the challenging employability environments and the plethora of new technologies now at the disposal of teachers may seem to render obsolete the older teaching and learning methodologies. However, this reflective case study suggests that one of the oldest delivery modes of all, the lecture, remains a relevant and potentially valuable way of connecting with and supporting students in their learning, particularly in subjects where students are expected to read at length or otherwise to engage with extended and complex discursive modes. This case study offers evidence and arguments for reconsidering the role of lectures in teaching and learning higher education English Literature, taking as its evidence base levels 4 and 6 undergraduate English Literature modules delivered in 2017-18 and 2018-19 at the University of Greenwich. Rather than dismissing – as does much recent research – lectures as encouraging ‘passive’ learning, this reflective study proposes lecturing as a teaching methodology with unique potential.
AMBIGUITAS HAK ATAS PERKAWINAN DAN KEBEBASAN BERAGAMA DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG NO.1 TAHUN 1974
Authors: Santoso Lukman , Fathuri Hani Zain
Published: January 2021

AbstractMarriage issues are always actual problems and are always interesting to talk about. There are many ways to get married, one of which happens in the followers of the Sapta Darma trust. Marriage is one of the rights guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution and several regulations regarding marriage in Indonesia. Article 28B paragraph 1 states that every person has the right to form a family and continue the descent through a legal marriage. As one of the basic human rights, the right to hold a marriage applies universally and is non-discrimination against citizens. The division of marital rights guarantees applies to several citizens, especially the stream of Defenders of the Trust. Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning marriages does not reflect justice for some citizens, the laws only favor the majority of religious groups, narrowing the meaning of trust that should exist and be recognized in the law.Keywords: Marriage, Belief of Trust, Law No. 1 of 1974. AbstrakPersoalan perkawinan adalah persoalan yang selalu aktual dan selalu menarik untuk diperbincangkan. ada banyak cara untuk melakukan perkawinan, salah satunya yang terjadi di penghayat kepercayaan Sapta Darma. Perkawinan merupakan salah satu hak yang dijamin oleh UUD 1945 dan beberapa regulasi tentang perkawinan di Indonesia. Pasal 28B ayat 1 dinyatakan bahwa setiap orang berhak membentuk keluarga dan melanjutkan keturunan melalui perkawinan yang sah. Sebagai salah satu hak asasi, hak untuk melangsungkan perkawinan berlaku secara universal dan non diskriminasi terhadap warga negara. Terbelahnya jaminan hak perkawinan ini berlaku pada beberapa warga negara khususnya aliran Penghayat Kepercayaan. Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan tidak mencerminkan keadilan bagi sebagian warga negara, undang-undang hanya memihak pada golongan mayoritas agama, mempersempit makna kepercayaaan yang seharusnya ada dan diakui keberadaanya dalam undang-undang.
URGENSI SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SEBAGAI ETIKA PEMBANGUNAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Safudin Endrik
Published: January 2021

Konsep Sustainable development dimaknakan sebagai pembangunan dengan tidak mengorbankan kepentingan lingkungan atau senantiasa memperhatikan aspek lingkungan. Dalam konsep ini dalam setiap pembangunan harus memperhatikan hak-hak lingkungan dimaksudkan untuk menciptakan pembangunan yang berkelanjutan (sustainable development) tanpa mereduksi dan mengorbankan kemampuan generasi mendatang untuk mencapai dan menikmati kesejahteraannya. Suistainable development diberlakukan untuk sebagai pijakan hukum dalam setiap proses pembangunan. Sehingga, kepastian hukum dan keadilan hukum selalu menyertai dalam setiap tahap pembangunan. Hal ini tak lain untuk menciptakan dan memlihara pembangunan yang ramah terhadap lingkungan. Apabila konsep sustainable development tidak diperhatikan maka akan menyebabkan dampak buruk yang juga akan berkelanjutan. Pada tulisan ini difokuskan pada urgensi suinable development sebagai etika pembangunan di indonesia. Pendekatan etika sebagai upaya memberikan pemahaman bahwa ketika sustainable development dimaknai sebagai etika maka akan menjadi sebuah kereksi diri terhadap tindakan yang telah dilakukannya bukan hanya sekedar aturan yang tertulis. Dengan pendekatan etika akan menciptakan sebuah prinsip pembangunan yang berkeadilan terhadap lingkungan.
POLA PEMENUHAN HAK ASUH ANAK PADA KELUARGA BURUH MIGRAN INDONESIA: AN MAQASHID SHARIAH PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Santoso Lukman , Abror Dawam
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK : Dalam institusi keluarga, pemenuhan hak-hak anak menjadi bagian urgen yang harus diperhatikan orang tua. Banyak kasus yang muncul di masyarakat bagaimana hak anak terabaikan karena berbagai faktor, semisal karena pekerjaan, kesibukan, kepentingan orang tua, dan bahkan ketika menjadi tenaga kerja di luar negeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi tentang bagaimana pola pemenuhan hak asuh anak keluarga tenaga kerja Indonesia di Desa Madusari Ponorogo di tinjau dari perundang-undangan dan maqāṣid sharī’ah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data adalah menggunakan teknik interview (wawancara), observasi dan kajian dokumen. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh sebagai temuan hasil penelitian yaitu: Pertama, pelaksanaan pemenuhan hak asuh anak dalam keluarga Tenaga Kerja Indonesia di Desa Madusari Ponorogo sebagian sudah terlaksana dan sebagian belum terlaksana dengan baik. Adanya dampak yang serius terhadap anak yang ditinggal pergi menjadi Tenaga kerja Indonesia. Walaupun kebutuhan anak tercukupi tetapi hal lain seperti masalah pendidikan anak masih belum terpenuhi dengan baik yang berakibat bagi masa depan sang anak yang kurang baik. Kurangnya kasih sayang dari orang tuanya langsung menyebabkan anak kurang diperhatikan. Hal ini sangat berdampak bagi karakter anak yang cenderung mengarah pada prilaku negatif. Kedua, pelaksanaan pemenuhan hak asuh anak dalam keluarga Tenaga Kerja Indonesia di Desa Madusari Ponorogo secara umum masih belum semuanya terpenuhi. Memelihara segala sesuatu yang bersifat pokok (ḍaruriyyah) sesuai dengan tujuan hukum Islam yaitu memelihara agama (ḥifḍ ad-dīn), memelihara jiwa (ḥifḍ an-nafs), memelihara akal (ḥifḍ al-ʻaql), memelihara keturunan (ḥifḍ an-nasb), memelihara harta (ḥifḍ al-māl) yang kesemua itu merupakan bagian dari maqāṣid al-sharī’ah masih ada yang terabaikan. Hal ini sangat berpengaruh bagi kemaslahatan anak. Hal ini dapat membahayakan bagi prilaku anak yang akan menimbulkan kemadharatan bagi masa depan anak.
ADVANCE PRICING AGREEMENT DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PERJANJIAN
Authors: AULIA SESARIO
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK : Menurut Pasal 1 Ayat (5) Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 22/PMK.03/2020 tentang Kesepakatan Harga Transfer (Advance Pricing Agreement) yang selanjutnya disebut APA adalah Perjanjian Tertulis antara Direktorat Jenderal Pajak dan Wajib Pajak atau Direktorat Jenderal Pajak dengan otoritas pajak pemerintah Mitra P3B yang melibatkan wajib pajak untuk menyepakati kriteria - kriteria dalam penentuan harga transfer dan/atau menentukan harga wajar atau laba wajar dimuka. Latar Belakang adanya APA adalah untuk mencegah praktek transfer pricing yang sudah menjadi masalah global, Transfer Pricing adalah bentuk usaha yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan multinasional demi megurangi beban pajak penghasilan dengan cara mentransfer laba perusahaan ke anak perusahaan yang mempunyai beban pajak yang lebih rendah, Transfer Pricing menjadi masalah serius dibidang perpajakan dikarenakan berpotensi menghilangkan pendapatan negara dari sektor pajak. Selain itu APA merupakan salah satu bentuk dari hukum perjanjian, lebih tepatnya kontrak publik, hal ini disebabkan oleh karena salah satu pihak yang terikat didalam kontrak adalah pemerintah. Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan Perjanjian APA dari sudut pandang hukum perjanjian, metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan perundang - undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Pendekatan perundang - undangan wajib diperlukan untuk mengkaji kedudukan APA dari sudut pandang Kitab Undang - Undang Hukum Perdata. Sementara itu Pendekatan konseptual, digunakan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis kerangka pikir atau kerangka konseptual maupun landasan teoritis dari Perjanjian APA. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa Perjanjian APA jelas merupakan bagian dari hukum perjanjian karena secara keseluruhan Perjanjian APA terikat dengan dasar - dasar hukum perjanjian.
Guest Editorial: Hundreds of Thousands of Stripper Wells - Massive Liability or Golden Opportunity?
Authors: Freeman Laura
Published: January 2021

Working with clients who are looking to buy upstream oil and gas wells, I almost always hear, “We don’t want stripper wells.” Now that the recent heyday of US unconventional wells is also waning, this often goes along with, “We want conventional production.” With gas prices having been relatively low the past couple of years, it is often, “We want oil-weighted production.”

I am used to unicorn hunts and impossible asks, so I thought this was something reasonably doable. After a long year in a terribly gridlocked acquisitions-and-divestitures (A&D) market, I started thinking about it a little more. Most of the conventional packages that were coming to market had low-rate wells with many inactive wells tagging along. We were evaluating a lot of deals but were seeing several fail due to plugging and abandonment (P&A) liability and the inability of low-rate wells to handle the General and Administrative (G&A) structure of clients.

One client group was competent and ready to deploy capital, and we had gone on the hunt for off-market deals adjacent to their current production. Our team initially found 19 interesting assets, based on size and proximity, and was pleased to find that nine of the 19 had operators who engaged as seriously interested in selling. Our client turned down all nine assets. Every one of the nine assets was cash flow positive (surprisingly in 2020), in the right region, conventional, and the right size. Every one of the nine was turned down because of the large number of inactive and low-rate wells.

In a depressed A&D market with the lowest deal counts in over a decade, having nine assets rejected immediately was frustrating. We decided to screen out assets with low-rate wells and high inactive well counts before making calls and engaging sellers.

I downloaded data from all the wells in a Rockies state, screened for current production to get a flowing barrel comp range representing the right deal size, looked for oil-weighted properties, took out unconventional wells, added a rate cutoff around 20 BOED per well, and applied a cutoff where reported inactive wells made up less than 50% of the total well count.

Out of about 400 to start with, there were three assets left - only three.

At first, I thought that had to be wrong. I knew that US onshore conventional production probably had a large number of low-rate wells, but it seemed reasonable that there would be several assets that had wells doing 20–30 BOED. Thinking about it more, I sent a text to a colleague: “I bet US onshore conventional production is actually dominated by low-rate wells.”

I then pulled data for the Texas Gulf Coast because I had another group looking there. The results were shocking: 97% of the wells were 15 BOPD or below.

All these clients want conventional assets without stripper wells - but they are all stripper wells.
Micro-Slimtube Shrinks EOR Screening From Months to a Week
Authors: Jacobs Trent
Published: January 2021

Oilfield testing firm Interface Fluidics says it is one step closer to reinventing the industry’s pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) testing portfolio after the development of a smaller, faster version of yet another laboratory stalwart.

Representing the newest alternative to the slimtube test is the micro-slimtube test.

A conventional slimtube test involves flowing gas through a sand- or glass-bead-packed metal coil that may be 1 to 4 mm wide and some 40 to 80 ft long to see how it mixes and mobilizes oil with samples also inside the tube. The test and subsequent analysis usually take a few months to complete.

For a generation, this has been considered time well spent by anyone preparing to invest millions of dollars to prop up an aged asset through gas-injection-based enhanced oil recovery (EOR).

But the times are changing. Interface Fluidics’ innovation, which it developed in close partnership with Equinor, measures only about 1.5 in long and generates results in about a week - about 95% sooner than the conventional bench method. The new test also reduces costs by around 75% while using a reservoir fluid sample that’s 99% smaller (10 ml vs. 1 liter).

“It’s the same story over and over again - we’re miniaturizing the big stuff and putting it on a chip,” said Stuart Kinnear, CEO of Interface Fluidics. Founded in 2016, the Calgary-based firm helped introduce microfluidic technology to the oil industry with glass and silicon chips that it calls “reservoir analogues.”

A well-established enabler in the healthcare industry, microfluidic devices of various stripes are routinely used to rapidly screen new drugs or to study how blood cells move through tiny veins and capillaries.

In the upstream industry, Interface Fluidics is part of much smaller group of specialists proving that the devices are also ideal for screening production-enhancing chemicals and to study how oil moves about the tiny pathways of a reservoir rock (SPE 188895).

The firm first showed how this works by replicating reservoir rock samples onto its chips as an alternative to core flood experiments. For oil and gas producers and their chemical providers alike (SPE 189780), the lower-cost devices made it affordable to run dozens of tests to determine how various chemistries affect flow behavior in specific geologies.
Two Approaches Provide Quality Control for NMR Measurement of Unconventional Rock
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: January 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 201358, “Quality Control of NMR Measurements in Unconventional Rocks Using Hilbert Transforms and Semilogarithmic Derivatives,” by Pierre Aérens, SPE, David Medellin, and Carlos Torres-Verdin, SPE, The University of Texas at Austin, prepared for the 2020 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, originally scheduled to be held in Denver, 5-7 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements are extremely valuable in the assessment of fluid-flow properties of rocks. However, inverted transverse-relaxation time (T2) distributions are often biased. The authors of the complete paper introduce and compare two quality-control approaches based on two different signal-processing practices: the semilogarithmic derivative and the Hilbert transform. This work provides the basis of effective quality-control methods for NMR measurements for the petrophysical interpretation of rocks with complex pore-size distributions. The fast and reliable quality control of estimated T2 distributions is not affected by inversion artifacts, relying only on unfiltered, raw data.

Introduction

Borehole NMR measurements are commonly riddled with excessive noise that precludes high-resolution assessments of rock and fluid properties, especially in unconventional rock. Inverted T2 distributions can be biased by positivity constraints and the regularization method used in the inversion, making it difficult to determine whether the estimated pore-size distributions are reliable or byproducts of the inversion or regularization. Quality control of inversion results is essential for the robust quantitative interpretation of proton magnetization decays.

The complete paper presents a mathematical analysis for the two data-quality assessment methods and the work flow to estimate pseudo-T2 distributions on the basis of time-decay proton magnetizations. The estimation and assessment methods are then applied to both synthetic and experimental data sets to verify their validity and reliability. The laboratory examples are detailed in the complete paper.

Validation With Synthetic Cases

The authors apply the derivative and Hilbert methods to two synthetic examples for a total of three cases. Both synthetic examples comprise three exponential magnetization decays, with amplitudes equal to A1=0.5, A2 =0.2, and A3=0.3. The first example is referred to as ideal because it is not contaminated with noise and because the authors chose the T2 peak times separated by three orders of magnitude at 1 µs, 1 ms, and 1000 ms, respectively. The second example showcases a more-realistic choice of T2 peak values, namely 0.1, 10, and 200 ms, respectively.
Just Add Water: Why US Shale’s Next Big Supply-Chain Revolution Is Wet Sand
Authors: Jacobs Trent
Published: January 2021

Sand is mined. It is washed. It is dried. Then it gets wet again.

Such is the unassuming life cycle of most every grain of sand ever pumped down a horizontal well along with millions of gallons of water and into the freshly opened fractures of a tight-rock formation in the US.

But what if the sand never had to be dried?

To start with, the unconventional sector could save tens or hundreds of millions of dollars a year, simply by cutting out the capital-intensive drying process.

That might mean mines of the future could be made small enough to follow operators as they sail slowly across their vast acreages.

Wet sand also lends itself to safer and more regulatory-friendly worksites, an important consideration given that more-stringent air-quality standards are coming into effect in the US next year.

A wet-sand revolution may also represent a major boon for the industrywide effort to reduce CO2 emissions - making each horizontal well completed with wet sand a bit greener than one that used dry sand.

This is all according to a newly shared case study (SPE 199975) from sand supplier PropX and US shale producer Ovintiv. Since the highlighted field test was completed last year, PropX has pumped more than 1 billion pounds of wet sand down wells in Texas and Oklahoma.

“What we propose in this paper is the next logical step in the supply-chain reduction,” of the unconventional sand sector, said Brian Dorfman. “That is, the removal or the significant scaling down of the drying facility.”

Dorfman is a business development manager at PropX and one of the authors of the whimsically titled paper, “Can Wet Sand Be Used for More Than Building Sand Castles on the Beach?”

On a multiwell pad in Oklahoma, Ovintiv found that wet sand - defined as having a moisture content of 1-10% - could be used to stimulate more than a hundred fracture stages in under 2 weeks. Addressing any concerns over efficiency, the operation saw an average of nearly 4 million pounds of wet sand pumped downhole each day - well within shale-sector norms.

Sand is washed to remove contaminants. It is then run through industrial-sized kilns because dry sand flows from a hopper and into a train car or a truck far easier than wet sand which clumps together, as any child at the beach knows well.
Technology Focus: Production and Facilities (December 2020)
Authors: Bailey William
Published: January 2021

The notion of reducing our environmental footprint, minimizing leaks and spillages, and identifying operational efficiencies is nothing new. We have been addressing these issues for years. Sustainability, however, has gained a higher profile recently, especially since the 2015 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change accord and the evolution of alternative energies. It came, therefore, as a pleasant surprise to review an extraordinary wealth of well-written papers relating not only to this topic, but to all manner of fascinating engineering issues.

Let me back up a bit. For 6 years, I have provided commentary concerning matters relating to reservoir simulation. This was often illuminating, but my primary interest has always been in full-field modeling: coupling our models for flow in porous media, wellbore, network, and to facilities. I firmly believe that unified full-field modeling can furnish benefits both operationally and economically. In accepting the challenge to write this, however, I did not expect to encounter the extraordinary breadth of topics covered. Saying that, one clear thread did emerge from the articles reviewed - namely reliability, emissions control, and energy saving and monitoring, all of which relate to sustainability in one way or another. Novel methods for valve- failure prediction, pipeline coatings, floating storage tank roof optimization, and the use of drones (from spray painting to surveillance) along with robots for unmanned installations were all topics represented in the papers provided me.

Paper SPE 198165 is an informative overview of alternative fuels and how these may affect Middle East production; however, this should appeal to a wider readership because it reviews alternative energies nicely. Paper IPTC 19775 provides a means to better quantify separator shrinkage, which can result in errors in stock-tank rates up to 20% (essential if one is to quantify unit energy consumption accurately). Paper SPE 197759 proposes methods for energy savings. These papers represent but a small sample of a broader swath of articles from the past year relating to this catch-all term “sustainability.”

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 197753 Parametric Study on Wind Fatigue Life of Long Span Flare-Boom Based on Directional Input Parameters to Harris Wind Spectra and Selection of Wind Blocks by Sachin Samant, National Petroleum Construction Company, et al.

SPE 198133 Internal Corrosion Severity Ranking of Crude Oil Pipelines by Amer Jaragh, Kuwait Oil Company, et al.

SPE 197620 Ground Robotics Enabler for Normally Unattended Installations by Jean-Michel Munoz, Total, et al.
Value Methodology Identifies Energy-Saving Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: January 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 197759, “Energy-Saving Challenges and Opportunities in Upstream Operations Using Value Methodology,” by Mohamed Ahmed Soliman, Saudi Aramco, prepared for the 2019 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 11-14 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

The objective of the complete paper is to investigate and analyze energy-saving and process-optimization opportunities in upstream surface facilities, from downhole to the gas/oil separation plants (GOSPs), using a value-methodology approach. Function analysis was used to identify those functions that can be reduced, eliminated, or synergized to minimize GOSP operating and maintenance cost. All successful opportunities were selected on the basis of their minimum operating expenses and capital expenditure (CAPEX) with a value-engineering methodology.

Introduction

Value methodology has been implemented successfully in new projects to save costs but rarely has been implemented in oil and gas operating facilities to minimize operating costs. The success of value methodology in reducing capital project costs prompted the author to explore its application to operating facilities, specifically toward minimizing operating and maintenance cost. Value methodology is used when value is a concern and requires optimization. Value is defined as the ratio of function to cost. The value-engineering methodology consists of the following six-step process (Fig. 1):

Information: Collect, review, and analyze all information about the project or the plant, including the cost. Review and define current project conditions and identify study goals.

Function analysis: Define the primary function of the product or project in a simple format.

Creativity: Generate the largest number of innovative ideas (brainstorming) without being controlled by standards and best practices.

Evaluation: Evaluate the ideas generated from the creativity phase, eliminate impractical ones, and select the most-profitable and -achievable improvement idea.

Development: Develop further the selected best ideas from the evaluation phase and estimate the cost. The development phase includes cost/benefit analyses, drawings, implementation steps, and responsibilities.

Presentation: Present the selected ideas to decision-makers and stakeholders for final approval.

Case Studies

Several energy-saving opportunities were analyzed to highlight the need to check continuously the function of each equipment item and process in any operating facility. Many functions were found to be unnecessary. In some cases, these unnecessary functions adversely affected plant operation. The complete paper provides four case studies; this synopsis will highlight three of them.
Determinants of Market Outlet Choices by Smallholder Chickpea Farmers in Estie District Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Erkie Chernet Worku , Adugna Marlign , Chanie Essa
Published: January 2021

In Ethiopia, chickpea is an important plus crop, particularly in Estie district. It is a source of food and provides cash income for majority of smallholder farmers. To commercialize chickpea producers, selecting an appropriate market channel is mandatory. However, selecting an appropriate market channel is not an easy task because there are different factors that affect market outlet choices in the district. Hence, this study aimed to identify factors that affecting chickpea market outlet choices. Both primary & secondary sources of data were used. A two-stage random sampling procedure was used and a total of 122 smallholder farmers were randomly and proportionally selected to collect primary data. Multivariate probit model was employed to identify factors affecting chickpea market outlet choices. The result shows that five major chickpea marketing channels were identified and among them wholesalers and retailers purchased about (61.84%) and (18.2%) respectively. The estimation result of multivariate probit model showed that the likelihood of sampled households to select collectors, consumers, retailers and wholesalers were 25.3%, 35.4%, 30.5% and 36%, respectively. The joint probability of success and failure to select all market outlets was 0.01537% and 13.4% respectively. It also indicated that sex of household, education status, family size, off-farm income, access to credit; lagged price and distance to market significantly affected the market channel choice decision of producers. Based on the findings, Government and concerned stakeholders need to focus more on enhancing accessibility of infrastructures facilities, strengthening credit access and improving yield through extension service to accelerate selecting appropriate market channel.
Comparative Evaluation of Methods for Isolating Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Wang Jie-Min , Li Yong-Jiang , Wu Jun-Yong , Cai Jia-Xin , Wen Jing , Xiang Daxiong , Hu Xiong-Bin , Li Wen-Qun
Published: January 2021

Background: Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are nanosized vesicles involved in cell-to-cell communication. sEVs have been widely studied for clinical applications such as early detection of diseases and as therapeutics. Various methods for sEVs isolation are been using, but different methods may result in different qualities of sEVs and impact downstream analysis and applications. Here, we compared current isolation methods and performed a comparative analysis of sEVs from supernatant of cultured pancreatic cancer cells.Methods: Ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration and co-precipitation as concentration methods were firstly evaluated for yield, size, morphology and protein level of pellets. Then, isolate sEVs obtained by four different purification methods: size exclusion chromatography, density gradient ultracentrifugation, ultracentrifugation, and immunoaffinity capturing, were analysed and compared.Results: For the concentration process, ultracentrifugation method obtained high quality and high concentration of pellets. For the purification process, immunoaffinity capturing method obtained the purest sEVs with less contaminants, while density gradient ultracentrifugation-based method obtained sEVs with the smallest size. Proteomic analysis revealed distinct protein contents of purified sEVs from different methods. Conclusions: For isolating sEVs derived from supernatant of cultured pancreatic cancer cell line, ultracentrifugation-based method is recommended for concentration of sEVs, density gradient ultracentrifugation-based method may be applied for obtaining purified sEVs with controlled size, immunoaffinity capturing may be suitable for studies requiring sEVs with high purity but may loss subtypes of sEVs without specific protein marker.
Laboratory and field studies on the use of artificial mussels as a monitoring tool of platinum exposure in the freshwater environment.
Authors: Labuschagne Marelize , Zimmermann Sonja , Smit Nico J. , Erasmus Johannes H. , Nachev Milen , Sures Bernd , Wepener Victor
Published: January 2021

Background The artificial mussel (AM) is a passive sampling device that was originally developed for monitoring metal concentrations in the marine environment but is also increasingly used in freshwater environments. The AM consists of a non-permeable Perspex tube, which is closed on both sides with a semi-permeable membrane. In the space in between are Chelex-100 beads, which bind metals. The AM allows the determination of the dissolved, bioaccessible metal fraction in water bodies without killing organisms, as well as environments with unfavorable conditions for living bioindicators. In the present study, the use of the AM was adapted for the monitoring of platinum (Pt) in a freshwater ecosystem. Results The elution of Pt from the Chelex-100 beads was optimized. Two modifications to the original method for the use of AMs are recommended, i.e. washing and separation of the beads through centrifugation and elution with a mixture of 4.5 mL HNO3 and 0.5 mL HCl for approximately 2-3 hours to ensure the release of all Pt bound to the beads. Additionally, the uptake kinetics of the AM were determined under laboratory conditions over a wide exposure concentration range (0.1-1000 µg/L) showing highly correlated Pt accumulation in the AMs with the aqueous exposure concentration. For the tested Pt exposure concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 µg/L, the Pt concentrations in the AMs increased during the exposure period of 6 weeks. At the highest exposure concentration of 1000 µg/L, the increase stagnated after 3 weeks. To validate the AM in the field, the Pt accumulation of the AM was assessed together with that of freshwater clams (Corbicula fluminalis africana), muscle and liver tissue of three fish species sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), as well as water hyacinths (Eichhornia crassipes) at two sampling sites in the Pt mining area of South Africa. Conclusion Results from the present study showed that the AM is a promising tool to monitor Pt concentrations in the freshwater environment at contaminated sites.
A Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome case with de novo 24 Mb duplication of chromosome 11p15.5p14.3
Authors: Jiang Huling , Ping Zepeng , Wang Jianguo , Liu Xiaodan , Jin Yuxia , Li Suping , Zhou Chiyan , Huang Pinghua , Jin Yi , Ai Ling , Chen Jie
Published: January 2021

Background: Molecular genetic testing for the 11p15-associated imprinting disorder Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome(BWS) is challenging because of the molecular heterogeneity and complexity of the affected imprinted regions. An integrated molecular approach to analyze the epigenetic-genetic alterations is required for accurate diagnosis of BWS.Case presentation: We reported a Chinese case with BWS detected by SNP array analysis and methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS‑MLPA). The genetic analysis showed a de novo duplication of 24 Mb at 11p15.5p14.3 is much longer than ever reported. MS-MLPA showed copy number changes with a peak height ratio value of 1.5(three copies) at 11p15. The duplication of paternal origin with increase of methylation index of 0.68 at H19 and decreased methylation index of 0.37 at KCNQ1OT1. Conclusion: Combined chromosome microarray analysis and methylation profiling provided reliable diagnosis for this paternally derived duplication of BWS. The phenotype associated with 11p15 duplications depends on the size, genetic content, parental inheritance and imprinting status. Identification of these rare duplications is crucial for genetic counselling.
Treatment of Compulsive Exercise in Eating Disorders and Muscle Dysmorphia: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Martenstyn Jordan Andre , Touyz Stephen , Maguire Sarah
Published: January 2021

Background: Compulsive exercise is a core feature of both eating disorders and muscle dysmorphia. Earlier models of treatment recommended complete abstinence from exercise in eating disorder populations, but recent guidelines advocate for the gradual inclusion of healthier forms of exercise into an overall treatment plan where appropriate. Given the association between problematic exercise behaviour and poorer prognosis, there has been a recent upsurge in the number of treatment interventions for compulsive exercise in eating disorders. However, no systematic review has been published summarising this existing treatment literature. The aim of this review is to determine the efficacy of existing treatments for compulsive exercise in eating disorders and muscle dysmorphia. Methods: A systematic review will be conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Five electronic databases (PsycInfo, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus) will be searched from database inception until November 2020. We will include studies that: (a) sampled adolescents and/or adults with either an eating disorder or muscle dysmorphia; (b) assessed changes in compulsive exercise from pre- to post-intervention; and (c) used a standardised instrument to measure compulsive exercise or related constructs. We will include studies with a comparison group (e.g., randomised controlled trials) and without a comparison group (e.g., pilot studies and case studies) to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature. One reviewer will screen all titles and abstracts against eligibility criteria, with 20% of excluded articles cross-referenced by another reviewer. Full texts will be obtained for articles deemed relevant or where inclusion was uncertain, and will be screened by both reviewers. We will also evaluate the quality of the included studies using a modified Downs and Black (1998) assessment checklist. Discussion: Results from this review will help to determine the most efficacious treatment components for compulsive exercise in eating disorders and muscle dysmorphia. We hope that our results will help inform clinical practice guidelines in recommending targeted interventions for the treatment of compulsive exercise.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor facilitates the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes in acute myocardial infarction through upregulating miR-133a-3p
Authors: Zhu Wenwu , Sun Ling , Zhao Pengcheng , Liu Yaowu , Zhang Jian , Zhang Yuelin , Hong Yimei , Zhu Yeqian , Lu Yao , Zhao Wei , Chen Xinguang , Zhang Fengxiang
Published: January 2021

Background Exosome transplantation is a promising cell-free therapeutic approach for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. The purpose of this study was to explore whether exosomes derived from Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) engineered umbilical cord MSCs (ucMSCs) exhibit superior cardioprotective effects in a rat model of AMI and reveal the mechanisms underlying it. Results Exosomes isolated from ucMSCs (MSC-Exo), MIF engineered ucMSCs (MIF-Exo) and MIF downregulated ucMSCs (siMIF-Exo) were used to investigate cellular protective function in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and H9C2 cardiomyocytes under hypoxia and serum deprivation (H/SD) and infarcted hearts in rats. Compared with MSC-Exo and siMIF-Exo, MIF-Exo significantly enhanced proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of HUVECs and inhibited H9C2 cardiomyocyte apoptosis under H/SD in vitro. MIF-Exo also significantly inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis, reduced fibrotic area, and improved cardiac function as measured by echocardiography in infarcted rats in vivo. Exosomal miRNAs sequencing and qRT-PCR confirmed miRNA-133a-3p significantly increased in MIF-Exo. The biological effects of HUVECs and H9C2 cardiomyocytes were attenuated with incubation of MIF-Exo and miR-133a-3p inhibitors. These effects were accentuated with incubation of siMIF-Exo and miR-133a-3p mimics that increased the phosphorylation of AKT protein in these cells. Conclusion MIF-Exo can provide cardioprotective effects by promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting apoptosis, reducing fibrosis, and preserving heart function in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism in the biological activities of MIF-Exo involves miR-133a-3p and the downstream AKT signaling pathway.
Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization and Fusarium Head Blight Resistance of Five Wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium Partial Amphiploids
Authors: Wang Hui , Cheng Shuwei , Shi Yue , Zhang Shuxin , Yan Wei , Song Weifu , Yang Xuefeng , Song Qingjie , Jang Bo , Qi Xiaoyue , Li Xinling , Friebe Bernd , Zhang Yanming
Published: January 2021

Background: Partial amphiploids created by crossing octoploid tritelytrigia（2n=8x=56, AABBDDEE） and Thinopyrum intermedium (2n=6x=42, StStJJJSJS) are important intermediates in wheat breeding because of their resistance to major wheat diseases. We examined the chromosome compositions of five wheat-Th. intermedium partial amphiploids using GISH and multicolor-FISH. Results: The result revealed that five lines had 10-14 J-genome chromosomes from Th. intermedium and 42 common wheat chromosomes, using the J-genomic DNA from Th. bessarabicum as GISH probe and the oligo probes pAs1-1, pAs1-3, AFA-4, (GAA) 10, and pSc119.2-1 as FISH probe. Five lines resembled their parent octoploid tritelytrigia （2n=8x=56, AABBDDEE） but had higher protein contents. Protein contents of two lines HS2-2 and HS2-5 were up to more than 20%. Evaluation of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance revealed that the percent of symptomatic spikelets (PSS) of these lines were below 30%. Lines HS2-2, HS2-4, HS2-5, and HS2-16 were less than 20%. Line HS2-5 with 14 J-genome chromosomes from Th. intermedium showed the best disease resistance, with PSS values of 10.8% and 16.6% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. ﻿Conclusions: New wheat-Th. intermedium amphiploids with the J-genome chromosomes were identified and can be considered as a valuable source of FHB resistance in wheat breeding.
Anatomical Studies of Genetic Variation Instabilities in Various Cancer 
Authors: Ghazimoradi Mohammad , Farivar Shirin , Zolghadr Ehsan , Montazeri Samaneh , Ghavami Toktam Tavabe , Daryani Maryam , Babashah Sadegh
Published: January 2021

Background: Genome instability is one of the significant markers of cancers. This features is one of the most fundamental mechanism regarding cancer cells evolution. This major mechanism has been found mostly in some of cancer types and in less extends in other types. Majority of this instability occur mostly in chromosome scale or satellites. Results: In this regards whole exome data has been downloaded from Array express (EMBL-EBI). We investigate the amount of instability of genetic variations such as SNP, MNP and other types in various cancers. We also investigates this change in genome, chromosome and gene scale point of view in various type of cancers. Our findings might enlighten some preservative mechanism in genome scale.Conclusion: Although genome instability on chromosomal level is well studied and has been proved, on micro scale genomic variation it might not be the case. The positive control and negative show right pattern, however on other cancers from different stages and grades the instability could not be confirm on micro scale instabilities.
The Effect of Pre-Incision Urethral Plate Width and Glanular Width on the Outcome of Tubularized Incised Urethral Plate Repair Surgery in Distal Penile Hypospadias, A Prospective Study
Authors: Abdelbaky Tarek , Taha Diaa El-din , Nabeeh Hossam , elabden Khaled Zein , Galal Mohamed
Published: January 2021

Background: To determine the outcomes of hypospadias repair according to the width of the urethral plate & glanular width. Materials and methods A prospective evaluation of patients operated for hypospadias. The urethral plate width (UPW) & glans width (GW) of the patients were measured preoperatively using standard calipers. The urethral plate width was correlated to the cosmetic outcome (using hypospadias objective penile evaluation [HOPE]) and functional outcome (using the urinary stream) of repair. All patients were managed via the same technique using Snodgrass tubularized incised plate repair (TIP). All intraoperative data were recorded. All patients were followed up for 1 year. Success was deﬁned as slit shaped meatus at the tip of the glans without stenosis, ﬁstula or diverticulum. Results: All 38 patients were evaluated at 6 months and 1 year follow up. The mean age at surgery was 4.5 ± 2.1 years. We categorized the patients into two groups:- (Group A) had a urethral plate width of less than 8 mm, they were 24 patients (63.15 %). (Group B) had a urethral plate width greater or equal to 8 mm. (group B) had a urethral plate width greater or equal to 8 mm, they are 14 patients (36.8 %) Overall, the mean ± of UPW was 10.92 ± 1.24 mm while the mean ± SD of GW was 9.52 ± 1.56 mm. Success was documented in 36/38 patients (94.7%). The documented complication was Fistula in two patient (5.2 %), glans dehiscensce in three patients (7.9%). Success rate was not statistically different in correlation of UPW and GW (p=0.5). The urinary stream was straight in 32 boys and sprayed in 6. Overall, mean ± SD HOPE score was 39.1 ± 8.83. The only statistically signiﬁcant difference between all patients was a longer operative time in the patients with deficient urethral plate compared to others with adequate urethral plate (p= 0.005). A significant correlation found between the cosmetic outcome of the two groups and HOPE score (p = 0.06). Conclusions: The pre-incision urethral plate width and glanular width was not correlated with the TIP outcome. A better HOPE score is associated with wide urethral plate.