bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic Vulvodynia treated by Ganglion Impar block-a case report
Authors: Varma Rachna , Varma Gauri , Chandra Minal , Singhal Raj , Singhal Shivali
Published: April 2023

Vulvodynia is a condition of considerable vulvar pain and discomfort to women which affects approximately 16% of women and is mostly not diagnosed. The patients are rarely treated. The patients mostly consult gynecologist and as they do not present with any local signs are treated with antibiotics and analgesics only. The cause of vulvodynia is not known, so there is no known effective treatment available. The patients' symptoms and literature suggest it be neuropathic in origin. A ganglion impar block was used in this patient which was effective in treating the patient.
A Rare Aortic Arch Anomaly: Combination of Vertebral Arteria Lusoria with Kommerell’s Diverticulum, Bovine Aortic Arch, and Left Vertebral Artery with Extreme Proximal Origin
Authors: Erdem Fatih , Bülbül Erdoğan , Yanık Bahar , Akay Emrah
Published: April 2023

Vertebral arteria lusoria (VAL), defined as the right vertebral artery (VA) originating from the aortic arch distally to the left subclavian artery (SCA) and progressing retroesophageally, is a rare vascular anomaly. This anomaly is rarely associated with abnormalities such as aortic coarctation, Bovine aortic arch, and Kommerell’s diverticulum. It is uncommon for VAs to originate from the SCA below the level of the 1st rib. To our knowledge, no instance of VAL has been described, in which the left VA originates from the SCA below the first rib. We aimed to present computed tomography findings in a patient with VAL, Kommerell’s diverticulum, Bovine aortic arch, and a left VA with the extreme proximal origin, which could be also defined as “vertebrosubclavian trunk,” in this case report.
Demonstration of the Decrease in Locomotor Activity and Central Nervous System in the Demyelination Model, in Which the Toxic Agent is Realized by Gavage
Authors: Ozturk Serra , Aytac Gunes , Karadas Asiye Kubra , Danisman Betul , Tanriover Gamze , Derin Narin , Akkoyunlu Gokhan , Kizilay Ferah , Sindel Muzaffer
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

The cuprizone model is a well-established instance to study demyelination and remyelination in rodents. The primary aim of this study was to demonstrate the loss of function in motor activity. Second, it was evaluated together with the changes in the amount of myelin in the ongoing process.

Materials and Methods:

This study is based on the administration of the cuprizone model in male C57BL/6 mice by oral gavage. The advantage of the oral gavage model is that mice were subjected to the equal dose of cuprizone. For this reason, the nonequal in demyelination was minimized. We have designed four groups, including demyelination/control and remyelination/control.

Results:

The results of the walking test and open field test showed that locomotor activity in the demyelination group deteriorated. Increased glial fibrillary acidic protein and decreased myelin basic protein expressions were shown in the corpus callosum of the demyelination group compared to the control and remyelination groups. The g-ratio of the demyelination group was calculated 0.86 ± 0.07, the g-ratio of the demyelination control group was calculated 0.66 ± 0.1, the g-ratio of the remyelination group was calculated 0.83 ± 0.06, and the g-ratio of the remyelination control group was calculated 0.76 ± 0.09.

Discussion and Conclusion:

In conclusion, in this demyelination model, which was applied differently from the literature, in our study, the behavioral effect on motor activity and to what extent it appeared histologically was evaluated. Thus, investigating the loss of function in motor activity as well as histological examination increased the reliability of the model we created in our study.
Milder and Later Presentation of Trisomy 13
Authors: Rashmi N. , Kiran H. S. , Rajani H. S.
Published: April 2023

Patau syndrome or Trisomy 13 is the least common and most severe of the viable autosomal trisomies. The frequent clinical features include holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, flexion of the fingers, rocker-bottom feet, cleft lip and palate, neural tube defects, and heart defects, with neurological involvement being the most consistent one. It is usually recognized at birth by the typical birth defects with poor neurologic performance. About 85%[FIGURE DASH]90% of cases die during infancy, with only 5% to 10% of patients alive beyond 1 year. Patients surviving beyond 1 year have a severe developmental handicap. We present here an infant who came with a relatively milder form of Patau syndrome and was confirmed by karyotyping.
Effects of Maternal Iron Deficiency Anemia on Placenta and Cord Blood Iron Status with Specific Reference to the Iron Transport Protein Ferroportin 1
Authors: Gadhiraju Shravanthi , Sujatha Thathapudi , Putcha Uday Kumar , Surekha Mullapudi Venkata
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Iron deficiency anemia is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency disorder in pregnant women. During pregnancy, nutrients, including iron, are transferred from the mother to the fetus through the placenta, in which the placental transport protein Ferroportin1 (FPN1) plays a crucial role. It has been frequently observed that developing fetus is immune to anemia despite the presence of anemia in the mother, the mechanisms underlying which have not been identified. We, therefore, planned the present study to explore the effect of maternal iron deficiency anemia on the expression of FPN1 in the placenta.

Material and Methods:

Two hundred pregnant women recruited were divided into anemic and nonanemic groups based on their predelivery hemoglobin levels (<11 g/dl and ≥11 g/dl, respectively). After delivery, placental expression of FPN1 was studied by immunohistochemistry and mRNA analysis, and neonatal anthropometry was performed.

Results:

Of the 200 women, 59% were anemic. FPN1 protein immunohistochemical staining in placenta showed a statistically significant increase with increasing severity of anemia. Similarly, placental mRNA expression levels of the FPN1 gene were observed to be higher in anemic mothers when compared with nonanemic mothers.

Discussion and Conclusion:

Thus, our study for the first time shows that maternal iron deficiency increases placental FPN1 protein and mRNA expression, thereby probably facilitating increased transport of iron from the mother to the fetus.
Histopathological Evaluation of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Lippia adoensis on the Liver, Kidney, and Biochemical Parameters in Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Tunta Abayneh , Ekanem Peter Etim , Hailu Tesfamichael Berhe
Published: April 2023

Background:

Eighty percent of Ethiopians use traditional medicine, one of which is the leaf of Lippia adoensis.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to investigate subacute toxicity of aqueous extract of L. adoensis leaves on the liver, kidney, and some biochemical parameters in Swiss albino mice.

Subjects and Methods:

LD50 was conducted with nine experimental and one control groups of adult female Swiss albino mice. In the subacute study, 40 mice of both sexes were randomly divided into four groups of ten mice per group. Group I served as control and received distilled water. Groups II–IV were used as treatment groups. They received aqueous leaf extract of L. adoensis orally at 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and, 2000 mg/kg per body weight, respectively. SPSS version 20 statistical software was used to analyze the data. Differences at P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:

In the subacute test, general signs of toxicity such as piloerection, lethargy, and convulsion were observed at 2000 mg/kg. From the 3rd week of administration, both male and female mice receiving 500 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg and all treatment groups in the 4th week showed significant (P < 0.05) weight loss compared to control groups. Biochemical parameters under study were found to increase in all treatment groups. Several histopathological changes such as congestion, hemorrhage, severe necrosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in both liver and kidney in the L. adoensis-treated rats were observed at all doses of treatments.

Conclusion:

In the present study, the ethanolic leaf extract of L. adoensis produced dose-dependent changes such as weight loss and histopathological and biochemical changes in Swiss albino mice.
The Relationship between Isolated Unilateral Concha Bullosa and Mastoid Air Cell Volumes
Authors: Yüksel Fatih , Kahraman Mehmet Erkan , Deniz Isa
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the pneumatization of mastoid air cells (MACs) and isolated unilateral concha bullosa (CB) using computed tomography (CT) scans of the paranasal sinuses (PNS).

Material and Methods:

A retrospective review of PNS CT scans from 53 patients was performed. Cases with nasal septum angulation >5° were excluded from the study. CT evaluations were made with a 128-slice multislice CT scanner in two projections, axial and coronal. Slice thickness was taken as 1 mm for volumetric analysis. Volume measurements were calculated using the syngo.via software program by selecting the relevant anatomical region and using step-by-step addition and expansion processes. Volumes of the MACs (right and left) and isolated unilateral CB (right and left) were obtained and compared using statistical analysis.

Results:

The volume of MACs and isolated unilateral CB did not change with age; however, the volumes of male participants were larger than that of women. It was observed that the pneumatization of MACs on the side with isolated unilateral CB was significantly greater than for opposing MACs.

Discussion and Conclusion:

In our study, it was concluded that the isolated unilateral CB caused a significant increase in the MACs volume on the same side of CB.
Ossification of Calcaneal Tendon
Authors: Kaushal Parul , Roy Tara Sankar , Jacob Tony George , Srivastava Deep N , Sahni Chetan , Rani Neerja
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Tendons may rarely be ossified. The calcaneal tendon (CT) is the largest in the body. The incidence and mechanism of ossification of CT is not known.

Material and Methods:

We carried out a morphological, radiological, histological, and immunohistochemical study on the CT of 50 (30 – male and 20 – female) human cadavers.

Results:

The mean length (cm) of the CT was 27.60 ± 2.30 (right) and 27.51 ± 2.60 (left) in males and 25.43 ± 0.77 on both sides in females. The contribution to the formation of the CT from the two heads of gastrocnemius muscle was greater from medial head in 84%, lateral head in 12%, and equal in 4%. On screening the CT by C-arm radiography, slight opacification at the site of insertion of CT (bilaterally) was noted in an elderly male. Large, bilateral opacification was seen in another elderly male cadaver. Well-defined lamellar bone with osteocytes lying in lacunae and bone marrow amid the tendon collagenous tissue was noted in hematoxylin- and eosin-stained sections. The osteocytes expressed hypoxia-induced factor 1 alpha.

Discussion and Conclusion:

In this study, we confirmed that the radiological opacification in the CT was ossification that may have been triggered by hypoxia.
A Rare Anomalous Origin of the Right Vertebral Artery from the Right Aortic Arch with the Left Aberrant Subclavian Artery Arising from Kommerell's Diverticulum
Authors: Acar Gulay , Koplay Mustafa
Published: April 2023

Right-sided aortic arch (RAA) with left aberrant subclavian artery (LASA) is a rare vascular variant due to the failure in regression process during embryologic development of the aortic arch. The prevalence of it ranges from 0.04% to 0.1% in radiology series. We report the case of a 44-year-old female shown to have the presence of a RAA with LASA arising from the Kommerell's diverticulum, and also in association with an aberrant aortic origin of the right vertebral artery using computed tomography angiography. Considering the diameter of the diverticulum <5 cm and the absence of severe external esophageal or tracheal compression, thoracic surgery was not indicated and it was decided to keep the patient under clinical follow-up at regular intervals. Based upon this present case and literature review, the knowledge of this anomalous anatomy and its embryologic basis appear to be important for diagnostic endovascular interventions and planning thoracic surgery.
Estimation of Length of Femur from its Distal Segment
Authors: Oommen Aswathy Maria , Joseph Sarasammal Suja Robert , Sukumaran Sheena Kalyani
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

The stature of an individual, one of the key elements of identification, can be calculated from the length of long bones in the body, of which the femur has the highest correlation with stature. Many a times, forensic anthropologists have to identify unknown dead bodies from fragments of bones that are available. Studies have proven that the total length of a bone can be estimated from fragments using population-specific regression equations. In the present study, the objective was to estimate the total length of the femur (TFL), in an Indian population, from measurements of its distal segment, using regression equations.

Material and Methods:

One hundred and twenty-one intact adult femurs were studied. The TFL and four variables from its distal segment were measured. Linear regression analysis was performed, and regression equations were derived to calculate the TFL from each of the variables.

Results:

The mean TFL was 41.9 ± 3.4 cm. All the four parameters of the distal segment showed a significant positive correlation with the total femoral length (P < 0.001), and of these, the width measured between the two epicondyles showed the maximum correlation. Multivariate and univariate regression equations were derived to estimate the TFL from these variables.

Discussion and Conclusion:

The TFL can be reliably calculated from the measurements of the distal fragments. These measurements can be used by forensic anthropologists for the estimation of the stature of an unknown individual.
Extra Virgin Olive Oil Prevents Renal Histopathological Damage in Arsenic Exposed Albino Rats
Authors: Haq Minahil , Ali Shabana , Cheemal Hira Waqas , Beenish Huma , Sheikh Naseeruddin , Mumtaz Hassan
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

To study the protective effect of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on histopathological changes induced by arsenic in the kidneys of albino rats. Randomized control trial. November 1, 2017–November 30, 2017 at National Institute of Health.

Material and Methods:

Forty-five male adult albino rats were placed in three cages having 15 rats each. Distilled water was given to the rats of control Group I for 30 days. The dose of sodium arsenite given to rats was 40 mg per kg per day dissolved in drinking water for 30 days. Olive oil of 0.2 ml per day was only given to Group III rats for 30 days along with sodium arsenite. In dissection was done after 30 days and their kidneys were approached and dissected out for histological changes.

Results:

EVOO has ameliorated the microscopic quantitative and qualitative histological changes induced by arsenic on both kidneys of albino rats. Olive oil had significantly prevented the increase in the diameter of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT).

Discussion and Conclusion:

The present study demonstrates that EVOO prevents the quantitative and qualitative histological changes caused by arsenic on kidneys which include the diameter of PCT and distal convoluted tubule, the diameter of glomeruli, width of bowman’s space, and loss of brush border.
Anatomical Variations of the Human Ossicular Chain in South Indian Population
Authors: Dasegowda Giridhar , Kadirappa Padmalatha , Nanjundaraju Hema , Raja Seema Shimoga , Suresh Rachana
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

The middle ear consists of the malleus, incus, and stapes. The otologic surgeons need to have a thorough knowledge of anatomical details and variations to provide better operative results and for surgical maneuvers. The present study aimed to analyze the morphological variation and morphometry of the ear ossicles and compare the parameters with those reported in previous studies.

Material and Methods:

The study was conducted on 28 mallei, 26 incus, and 20 stapes obtained from the cadavers allotted for dissection. Measurements were documented, and the morphological variations were analyzed.

Results:

The average of the parameters showed that the malleus was 7.59 mm in total length with an angle of 130°; the manubrium was 4.65 mm, the total length of the head and neck was 5.01 mm, and the average weight was 21.50 mg. The incus had a total length and width of 6.37 and 4.89 mm, respectively; a maximal distance of 5.97 mm between the tips with an angle of 101° and weighed an average of 23.81 mg. The stapes had a total length of 3.36 mm, with the stapedial base being 2.83 mm in length and 1.41 mm in width, and weighed an average of 3.16 mg.

Discussion and Conclusion:

The ossicular chain shows great variations in measurements and morphology. Hence, a thorough anatomical knowledge of the human ossicular chain is required for clinicians for surgical maneuvers and for designing prosthetics to replace the adult middle ear ossicles.
Calcified Brain Metastasis from Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Huang Jian-Hui , Ma Jian-Zeng , Xu Chun-Wei , Liu Xue-Ni , Lou Jian , Xie Yan-Ru
Published: April 2023

The overall incidence of ovarian cancer with calcified brain metastasis is low. However, in the absence of edema, it is difficult to distinguish metastasis from isolated brain calcifications. Metastasis should be considered in any cancer patient who presents with brain calcification(s) and symptomatology of the nervous system. The authors report a case of advanced ovarian cancer with multiple calcifications in the brain and edema after multiline treatment, in which metastatic cystadenocarcinoma was confirmed by biopsy.
The Morphological Features of Anencephaly in North Indian Population
Authors: Rashmi  , Singh Nitish Kumar , Ashish  , Yadav Abhay Kumar , Kaur Manpreet , Singh Royana
Published: April 2023

Background:

Anencephaly occurs due to the complete absence of cranial vault and subsequent disruption of the cerebral cortex with a severely damaged brain. In anencephaly, the forebrain and brain stem are exposed. Forebrain either does not develop or is destroyed, leading to the absence of cerebrum and cerebellum.

Methodology:

Neural tube defects were taken in the study group. During the autopsy, clinical findings, external examination, internal examination, and photography were done along with the histopathology of the specimens to confirm the anomalies at microscopic level using hematoxylin and eosin staining.

Results:

In our study, we observed a simian crease in 4 out of 5 (80%) cases. Furthermore, there was presence of tooth which was not seen in previous studies. Central nervous system anomalies like spina bifida, gastro intestinal tract (GIT) anomalies like cleft palate, intestinal obstruction of megacolon, and malrotation of gut were some of the common anomalies which were observed in our study.

Conclusion:

It may be suggested that Anencephaly shows a female predisposition and the cases seems to be associated more in the primigravida females.The classical phenotypic presentation of anencephaly having absent cranial vault ,low set ears, protruding eyes were present in all subjects studied. In our study, we observed a simian crease in 4 out of 5 (80%) cases. Furthermore, there was presence of tooth which was not seen in previous studies. Central nervous system anomalies like spina bifida, GIT anomalies like cleft palate, intestinal obstruction of megacolon, and malrotation of gut were some of the common anomalies which were observed in our study.
Analysis of the Effects of Total Pneumatized Turbinate Volume on Septum Deviation, Maxillary Sinus Volume, and Maxillopalatal Parameters: A Multidetector Computerized Tomography Study
Authors: Senol Deniz , Oner Serkan , Secgin Yusuf , Oner Zulal , Toy Seyma
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of pneumatized turbinate volume (PTV) on nasal septum deviation (NSD), maxillary sinus volume (MSV), and maxillopalatal parameters with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT).

Material and Methods:

MDCT images of a total of 73 patients (35 females and 38 males) between the ages of 25 and 58 years were used in the study. PTV, MSV, and NSD angle and direction and interalveolar distance (IAD), maxillary spin distance (MSD), and maxillopalatal angle (MPA) measurements were made on images brought to the orthogonal plane in 3 plans.

Results:

Turbinate pneumatization (superior, middle, or inferior) was found in a total of 55 (75.3%) patients (28 females and 27 males). The number of patients with turbinate pneumatization on the right side was 14 (19.2%), while the number of patients with turbinate pneumatization on the left side was 15 (20.5%) and the number of bilateral pneumatization was 26 (35.6%). While no significant association was found between the presence of turbinate pneumatization and septal deviation angle, MSV, MPA, IAD, and MSD measurements, a significant difference was found between the groups in terms of PTV (P < 0.05). No significant association was found between NSD direction and all parameters.

Discussion and Conclusion:

In this study, we conducted with MDCT images, in addition to the highest incidence in turbinate pneumatization with 75.3%; it was found that PTV did not have an effect on NSD amount, MSV, and maxillopalatal parameters. Men were found to have higher NSD angle, higher maxillary sinus aeration, and larger IAD when compared with women.
Patient with Two Left Cuneiform Bones Only: A First Documented Case Report
Authors: Monteleone Nicola , Pilia Antonino Marcello , Veltro Cristiana , Branca Jacopo Junio Valerio , Polidoro Federico , Belluati Alberto , Paternostro Ferdinando
Published: April 2023

The cuneiforms are three wedge-shaped bones, forming the tarsus of the foot along with the talus, calcaneus, navicular, and cuboid. We present the case of a 70-year-old Caucasian woman with a left unique lateral cuneiform instead of second and third cuneiform bones. Additional cuneiform bones are rare anatomical variants which have been well described in the literature. Conversely, a lesser number of cuneiform bones have never been previously reported. To our knowledge, our article represents the first documented case of this anatomical variation.
Level of Variations of the Aortic Bifurcation and Distance Measurements between the Aortic Bifurcation and the Common Iliac Bifurcations
Authors: Ekingen Arzu , Çetinçakmak Mehmet Güli
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the vertebral levels of the aortic bifurcation (AB) in patients with and without the abdominal aorta (AA) deviation and to measure the distances between the AB and the right-left common iliac bifurcations (CIBs) which are crucial anatomical information, especially for anterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery. Additionally, we made comparisons levels of the AB according to sex and examined whether the results were statistically significant, which we could not find other studies comparing gender in literature.

Material and Methods:

The images of 721 patients, undergoing angiography with multidetector computed tomography between January 2016 and October 2019, were reviewed retrospectively. The AB levels of the patients with and without the AA deviation were classified and evaluated separately. It was measured the distances between the level of the AB and the right and left CIBs with the 3-dimensional ruler technique in only 207 of 721 patients.

Results:

It was detected seven different vertebral levels of the AB among patients (116 patients) with the AA deviation, in which is the highest L4-upper (27.59%), and 11 different vertebral levels of the AB among patients (605 patients) without the AA deviation, in which is the highest L4-upper (22.48%). When comparing cases with and without AA deviation, a statistically significant difference was found between the sexes (P < 0.05).

Discussion and Conclusion:

The presented study demonstrates that there is a significant relationship between the genders at some levels. The preoperative information of the morphological variations of the AB may be very useful for laparoscopic, invasive procedures, and spinal surgery procedures. At the same time, these variation information reveals new information for anatomy.
Students’ Approaches to Learning Anatomy: The Road to Better Teaching and Learning
Authors: Al Mushaiqri Mohamed , Albaloshi Adnan , Das Srijit
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

The quality of medical and nursing student’s anatomical knowledge and their experience in learning anatomy assists them in their health-care professions and it is largely influenced by their approach to learning. The main aim of this study was to investigate medical and nursing students’ approach to learning anatomy at Sultan Qaboos University, Oman.

Material and Methods:

This survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 students. The Study Process Questionnaire was used to measure students approach to learning anatomy. The association between the approach to learning anatomy and demographic information such as gender, previous anatomical knowledge, and academic performance was also analyzed.

Results:

Of the 250 distributed questionnaires, 205 completed questionnaires were obtained with an 82% response rate. The analysis revealed that the deep approach (DA) mean score was significantly higher than the surface approach (SA) mean score for medical and nursing students, collectively (34.81 vs. 28.62, P < 0.05), medical students alone (34.96 vs. 26.83, P < 0.05), and nursing students alone (34.62 vs. 30.62, P < 0.05). There was no association between the approach to learning anatomy and gender among medical students nor nursing students. There was a positive correlation between the DA score and both the overall academic performance (r = 0.33, P < 0.01) and the performance in a previous anatomy course (r = 0.33, P < 0.01).

Discussion and Conclusion:

The results provide important feedback to anatomy teachers and students for effective teaching and learning anatomy. The study also provides baseline data for future research on factors influencing students’ approaches to learning anatomy.
Typing and Morphometric Analysis of the Pterion on Human Skull of Central Anatolia
Authors: Saygın Duygu Akin , Aydin Kabakci Anıl Didem , Alpa Şerife , Buyukmumcu Mustafa , Yilmaz Mehmet Tugrul
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Pterion is seen in the norma lateralis of the skull and is shaped like the letter H. Pterional approach such as retro-orbital, sellar, sub-frontal, replate areas, anterior circulation, and olfactory meningiomas, tumors involving downstream of the frontal lobe such as the orbital, basilar artery aneurysm is a commonly preferred surgical approach. The present study focused on the typing of the pterion and morphometric measurements between the pterion and surrounding important anatomic spots.

Material and Methods:

The present study was performed with pterion typing of 107 skull (a total of 214 sides including the right and left sides) within Anatomy Laboratories of Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, and KTO Karatay University, Medicine Faculty. Distance between the pterion and some important (mid-point of the superior edge of the zygomatic arch, the anterior and posterior edge of the frontozygomatic suture, the tip of the mastoid process, and anterosuperior edge of suprameatal spine and asterion) spots were measured through a digital caliper in millimeter. In addition to the classification made by Murphy, three different classifications were made. The pterion was classified into seven types.

Results:

The rates of the types were sphenoparietal type by 55.60%, epipteric type by 3.73%, stellate type by 2.33%, frontotemporal type by 0.4%, wormian type by 5.14%, frontoparietal type by 8.87%, and frontoparietal sphenoidtype by 23.83%.

Discussion and Conclusion:

Morphometric characteristics of the pterion were detected in detail by the present study. Moreover, the knowledge of typing would serve as an important guide for surgical planning and procedures and may contribute to further anthropological studies. This study is aimed at the Central Anatolia population and can be conducted among other populations.
Ambiguity of the Radiographs Around the Elbow Joint
Authors: Kunc Vojtech , Kunc Vladimir , Kuncova Katerina , Kachlik David , Kopp Lubomir
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Interpretation of traumatological radiographs of the region of the elbow joint may come with many challenges. Aside from traumatological avulsions and fractures, we can also identify other entities such as persistent epiphysis, aseptic necrosis, osteochondritis dissecans, calcific bursitis, synovial chondromatosis, and other degenerative changes. It is also necessary for all these pathological conditions to be differentiated from the anatomical variants.

Material and Methods:

We performed a retrospective analysis of patients admitted to our clinic between 2010 and 2020 for arthroscopic treatment of chronic elbow joint stiffness. We evaluated the radiographs of their elbow joints for the presence of accessory ossification. If present, these cases were then sorted by previously defined criteria into groups according to the kind of anatomical variant and degenerative changes. On the basis of these data, we performed a statistical analysis.

Results:

We analyzed 39 limbs in 39 patients (12 women and 27 men). The average age was 40.9 years (span 16–74). The exclusion criteria did not exclude any patient. Accessory ossifications were present in 78.4% (29/37) of patients, and all three criteria for accessory bone were fulfilled by two patients.

Discussion and Conclusion:

This sample of patients suffering from joint stiffness due to degenerative changes around the elbow joint enabled us to prove the usefulness of the criteria for differentiating degenerative changes from accessory bones. We were also able to validate the hypothesis that in a sample of patients suffering from elbow stiffness, the dominant cause of the stiffness should be the degenerative changes, while the accessory bones prevalence should not differ significantly from their prevalence in the healthy population. Our analysis showed that the seemingly ovoid intra-articular loose bodies do not appear on the radiographs as regularly shaped and can be differentiated from accessory bones. In order to avoid the wrong interpretation of elbow radiographs, it is necessary to be aware of this issue. Our study validates the three previously defined criteria as means to diagnose accessory bones with a high specificity. The intra-articular loose bodies macroscopically seemed ovoid and regular. Nevertheless, they do not appear as regularly shaped on radiographs and do not, therefore, fulfill the criteria of accessory bones.
Restorative yoga therapy for third-year medical students in pediatrics rotation: Working to improve medical student well-being
Authors: Thompson Caroline , Meller Janet , Naqvi Mubariz , Adesanya Olubukunola , Vasylyeva Tetyana L.
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:

Stress experienced by medical students is a well-documented and widespread phenomenon that may have physical and psychological effects on their well-being. One solution is to provide students with the tools to recognize and cope with stress. The aim of this study was to incorporate restorative yoga training—a well-recognized tool for stress reduction—in the third-year medical student pediatrics clerkship and assess the intervention's impact on students' well-being.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:

Restorative yoga, as a prospective intervention, was offered to third-year medical students at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center during their pediatrics rotation. The study was between March and August 2020. Each yoga session lasted 45-minutes, once a week for six weeks. Participants completed anonymous questionnaires before and after the intervention via the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS).

RESULT:

Over the six-month study period, 25 (71%) of 35 medical students, having been given the option, chose to participate. The WEMWBS contains 14 statements on well-being, and all but one from the list showed a positive increase in average rating from pre intervention to post intervention. The statements “I've been feeling more relaxed” and “I've been thinking clearly” showed the greatest average increase. Following Chi-squared testing, two statements were found to be significantly different (P < 0.05) before intervention and after intervention: “I've been feeling more relaxed” and “I've been feeling good about myself.”

CONCLUSION:

Students' well-being is paramount to medical schools. Restorative yoga offers hopeful outcomes for effective mitigation of the stresses of medical education and may be recommended for wider use.
Predictive influence of personality traits on retirement anxiety among universities staff in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunsemi Joshua O. , Akinnawo Ebenezer O. , Akinbobola Olusola I. , Olajire Olutola O. , Olusa Abayomi O. , Okunola John L.
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:

Retirement anxiety may occur in retirement-eligible staff, and their reaction may depend on their personality traits. This study examined the predictive influence of five-factor personality traits on retirement anxiety among non-academic staff in some selected universities in Osun State, Nigeria.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study utilized a multistage sampling technique. Two self-administered instruments, Redeemer's University Retirement Anxiety Scale and Mini-International Personality Item Pool were completed by 463 non-academic staff in five selected universities in Osun State, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentages) and inferential statistics (hierarchical regression, two-sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA) were used to analyze data.

RESULTS:

The study found a high prevalence rate of retirement anxiety (85.1%) among university staff in Nigeria. In all, 13%, 16%, and 12.5% of the participants showed high levels of retirement anxiety dimensions (personal obligation, financial planning, and social detachment), respectively. Sociodemographic and personality traits jointly accounted for statistically significant (16%, 29%, and 22%) changes in personal obligation (R2 =0.16, P <.01), financial planning (R2 =0.29, P <.01), and social detachment (R2 =.22, P <.01), respectively. Personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism) and socio-demographic variables (age, educational level, job tenure, and job status) jointly contributed to the prediction of retirement anxiety dimensions (obligation concerns, financial planning, and social detachment).

CONCLUSION:

The findings highlighted the need for psychosocial interventions targeting the at-risk population was highlighted.
Quality of life and self-reported disability in patients with osteoarthritis: Cross-sectional descriptive study
Authors: Kumar Tarun , Pandey Vandna , Kumar Ashok , Elhence Abhay , Choudhary Vikas
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease in which the cartilage in the joints deteriorates and the bones rub against each other, causing pain, stiffness, and restricted range of motion. This is an age-related condition that affects initially isolated joints or joints on one aspect of the body. The aim of the study is to identify quality of life and self-reported disability in patients with osteoarthritis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Orthopedic O.P.D. of tertiary care hospital. Study was conducted on 150 samples with convenience sampling at orthopedic O.P.D. Data were collected with standardized tools SF-36 with domains physical functioning (PF), role physical (RP), vitality (VT), mental health (MH), role emotional (RE), social functioning (SF), bodily pain (BP) general health (GH), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaires with domains pain, stiffness, and functional disability. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for data analysis such as mean, frequency, percentage, standard deviation, and Chi-square test.

RESULTS:

Out of 150 samples, 103 were females, 114 were Hindu, and 131 were married. Highest mean score in RE domain of SF-36 was 60 with SD 38.43 indicating that patients had low impact on quality of life, whereas lowest mean score was 35.33 with SD 32.67 indicating that patients had severe impact in RP domain. In WOMAC index, patients had highest pain in climbing stairs, stiffness during morning, and functional difficulty during doing heavy domestic work, whereas lowest pain in resting, stiffness in evening, and functional difficulty during lying in bed.

CONCLUSION:

Patients with OA had poorer quality of life in domains PF, RP, VT, BP, and GH. Patients with osteoarthritis showed highest self-reported disability in terms of pain in climbing stairs, stiffness during morning, and functional difficulties in doing heavy domestic duties.
Hemodynamically stable very low birth neonates weight gain is affected by the early initiation of full enteral feedings compared to standard feeding
Authors: Raman Sasikumar Banahatty , Muthusamy Senthil Kumar , Mohideen Azarudeen Kadhar
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:

Premature babies need to develop similarly to fetuses of the same gestational age. The majority of premature neonates experience a growth-restricted status while in the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Extrauterine growth failure is a significant barrier for infants with very low birth weight (VLBW).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study was conducted for six months at the Neonatology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Coimbatore Medical College Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Neonates with VLBW who met the inclusion criteria were assigned randomly to one of two feeding strategies, that is, full enteral feeding or partial feeding, based on the randomization sequence discovered by opening the sealed cover. The duration of stay, weight variation, neonatal variables, feeding intolerance, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), septicemia, apnea, newborn hyperbilirubinemia, PDA, hypoglycemia, intracranial bleeding, and mortality of neonatal recruits were all carefully evaluated.

RESULTS:

Two thousand two hundred eighty-four neonates were hospitalized throughout the six-month trial period, and 408 had low birth weight. Three hundred forty-two babies were eliminated from the study due to hemodynamic instability, persistent respiratory distress, infections, metabolic issues, and congenital abnormalities. Sixty-six babies met the study's inclusion criteria, and thus participated in the study. Sixty-six newborns weighed between 1.251 and 1.500 kg. Randomly assigning intervention and control groups. Thirty-three newborns were assigned to group A (intervention) and another 33 to group B (control).

CONCLUSIONS:

The study concluded that enteral feeding was effective, inexpensive, secure, and feasible. Early full enteral feeding reduced septicemia and infant hyperbilirubinemia. Thus, we must start enteral feeding as soon as possible to avoid inadequate nutrition in neonates with VLBW during a crucial growth period.
Does COVID-19 affect mental health and substance use in young adults?
Authors: Wei Duo (Helen) , Prakash Sreelekha , Goyal Riya , Zhang Rebecca
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:

Mental health has been impacted by COVID-19 throughout the United States and beyond. The mental health and well-being were further affected with excessive substance use during the pandemic. The aim of this research was to explore how the COVID-19 affects the mental health of the young adults (18–24 years) in the South Jersey area. We also examined the association between mental health symptoms in young adults and substance use during the first and second year of the pandemic.

METHODS AND MATERIAL:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with (n = 711) 527 participants that included young adults (18–24 years old) across university campus in south jersey and in the community cohorts. Multinomial regression analysis and Chi-squared test were used to explore the association between mental symptoms and substance use. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet for descriptive statistics and Python 3.0 scikit-learn package.

RESULTS:

The study showed that “Lonely” and “Hopeless” were the top two mental health symptoms. It was observed that the symptoms of “Lonely” and “Hopeless” increased for both males and females. In general, males seemed to be affected more than females in this study for mental health symptoms. For substance use, “Nervous” and “Smoking” showed positive correlation in 2020 and “Hopeless” and “Alcohol” were positively correlated in 2021.

CONCLUSIONS:

Young adults' mental health symptoms and substance use has been proven to be affected through the pandemic and this research results even though localized will assist the community and educational institutions to plan better support to assist young adults with better health and wellness initiatives.
A descriptive study to assess knowledge related to hypertension and its impact upon exercises and sleep pattern among adults from communities of Uttarakhand
Authors: Yadav Pradeep K. , Kalyani Vasantha C. , Narayan Dev , Kataria Neetu
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Hypertension nowadays is a major community health problem. It is high prevalence, which becomes an important area of research which is also a major possibility for circulatory diseases and other complications. It is a silent killer, which does not show any warning sign until a severe medicinal crisis occurs. The study aims to assess the knowledge regarding hypertension and its effect on the amount of exercise and sleep among adults at risk of hypertension from both rural and urban communities of Uttarakhand.

METHODS AND MATERIALS:

A descriptive cross-sectional research design with the total sample size was calculated as 542 adults at risk of hypertension. A purposive sampling method was used for sample selection in this study. A semi-structured questionnaire regarding knowledge related to hypertension and amount of exercise and sleep patterns was administered as tools for data collection. Analysis was done by using SPSS 23.0 version software, descriptive statistics with the use of frequency %, inferential statistics with Chi-square test, and P value ≤ 0.05 considered as significant.

RESULTS:

Majority (58%) of them were male, living with a nuclear family with very poor educational status. It showed that whenever they have free time, only then they were performing simple work without having any experience with regular exercise and yoga. Less than half of them (45%) were having good knowledge about increased blood pressure is a disease, medical management, and how to prevent it. Knowledge regarding hypertension showed significant association with less amount of exercise (use of a motored vehicle to going to job/work) (p value = 0.0001*) and satisfactory pattern of sleep among adults at risk of hypertension (p value = 0.001*).

CONCLUSION:

In this study, a lack of education and very poor knowledge regarding the management of hypertension found to be associated with less amount of exercise but satisfactory sleep among adults at risk of hypertension.
Do parents need application-based learning media to learn baby massage? A qualitative study
Authors: Harun Ayatullah , Salmah A. Ummu , Hidayanty Healthy , Suriah  , Syafar Muhammad , Hadju Veni , Abdullah Muh. Tahir , Sudargo Toto
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:

Growth and development delays can occur in childhood under five years. Early stimulation is very important to help babies grow according to their age which can be done with baby massage. Increasing the skills of parents in learning baby massage is a main focus because parents are the closest people to babies. This initial research was conducted to determine the learning media needed by parents in learning baby massage.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A qualitative research with a phenomenological approach was used to explore the views of parents, providers/health workers, Information Technology (IT) experts, and media design experts. Focus group discussion (FGD) was used to obtain information from a number of samples taken by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

RESULTS:

A total of 11 people consisting of four parents with babies aged 0–12 months, two IT experts, one media design expert, and four midwives involved in FGD. There was an agreement that an android application-based baby massage media was needed to include a baby massage video feature that was made every step of baby massage, starting with baby massage of the feet, hands, stomach, chest, face, and back. The baby massage application will be equipped with a baby massage feature that conveys the benefits of baby massage, massage instructions, diaries, and contact midwives.

CONCLUSION:

Parents who have babies, midwives who are competent in the implementation of baby massage, IT experts, and media design experts agree to develop learning media for the baby massage based on android applications by developing six features and systems.
Stressors and coping strategies among frontline nurses during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rohisha I K , Jissa Donel , Jibin M , Binu Mathew
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:

Frontline nurses are more likely to be in close contact with COVID-19 patients and COVID ward duties make nurses to undergo serious emotional disturbances. The physical, psychological, and social well-being of the nurses can be affected in this time and proper training programs and counseling sessions should be undertaken. This study attempts to understand the stressors and coping strategies of nurses from a tertiary hospital.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Descriptive survey design was adopted and data were collected in 2021 from 92 frontline nurses from a selected tertiary hospital in Raipur. The data collection tools used were sociodemographic proforma, structured questionnaire on stress factors, and structured checklist on coping strategies.

RESULTS:

The analysis was done using frequency and percentage distribution. Among the nurses, 51% reported stressors related work- and work-related environment, 50% reported stressors related to self-safety, and 52% on stressors related to family concerns. The coping strategies adopted by the nurses included realization of the fact that service to patients comes as first (75%), and availability of personal protective equipment kits, confidence in following strict protective measures (69%), talking to family members over phone daily (71%), and support from family and friends (70%). Learning about COVID-19 (65%), and team work (61%) also created confidence to work as frontline nurses during this pandemic.

CONCLUSION:

The present survey reports that nurses face various stressors and tries to impart different coping strategies to overcome the stress. Understanding their stressors and coping strategies will help the administration to implement measures to create a working situation which will strengthen the health man power resources.