bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cristianización de Roma. Romanización del cristianismo
Authors: Torres-Torres Néstor Hugo
Published: October 2024

Lo que actualmente se reconoce como “Civilización Occidental” tuvo su origen en el Imperio romano, lugar y época en los que se sitúa también el inicio del cristianismo. El objetivo de este documento de trabajo consiste en definir la injerencia que tuvo el fenómeno cristiano en el mundo romano y/o el que tuvo el mundo romano en el cristianismo. Desde un enfoque de investigación cualitativa y mediante un somero de trabajo de documentación, se intenta determinar la interacción y el grado de influencia que hay entre Roma y el naciente cristianismo. Se espera que el resultado de esta reflexión pueda situarse como un argumento epistemológico que fundamente, en parte, el proceso de construcción sociocultural de Occidente. El cristianismo, para este trabajo de investigación, debe ser abordado teóricamente, al margen de su propio hecho religioso, como un sistema sociológico; este tipo de abordaje académico, permite observar mejor el impacto que tuvo en las estructuras sociales: política y economía, en el contexto romano. Se puede concluir que el planteamiento del título no es favorable para ninguno de los elementos de análisis, antes bien, cabe la afirmación de que la interacción entre el cristianismo y el mundo romano imperial, fue un proceso de amalgamamiento simultaneo y recíproco, que dio origen a una súper estructura sociocultural, la cual terminó por establecerse como estructura sociocultural dominante en Europa hacia finales del siglo IV.
De la Iglesia medieval a la Reforma protestante
Authors: Torres-Torres Néstor Hugo
Published: October 2024

Hacia finales del siglo V d. C., tras la caída del Imperio romano de Occidente, el poder hegemónico europeo quedó aparentemente vacío; no obstante, el cristianismo como estructura sociocultural bien consolidada, cumple con los que se requiere para hacerse cargo de la organización de Europa durante la llegada de los pueblos bárbaros y hacerlo hasta el Renacimiento. Este trabajo se realizó a partir de un enfoque metodológico cualitativo, basado en el análisis de literatura histórica, para intentar determinar cómo se dio la transición del Imperio al predominio cristiano. Se puede observar como el cristianismo, como estructura sociopolítica, y no tanto como religión, toma la sucesión del poder dominante en la Europa medieval. Habitualmente al abordar el cristianismo como objeto de estudio, el punto de vista religioso es dominante, sin embargo los efectos que ha tenido el fenómeno cristiano en los niveles: político, económico y cultural son muy significativos, por lo cual se considera necesario hacer un abordaje un tanto separado del componente religioso propio del cristianismo. El cristianismo indiscutiblemente se consolido como una estructura de poder y de organización social en Europa y ostentó esa característica, de forma indiscutida, prácticamente hasta la Reforma protestante.
Оцінювання перспектив упровадження альтернативних технологій перевезень вантажів
Authors: Крашенінін Олександр Семенович , Шапатіна Ольга Олександрівна , Ковальов Антон Олександрович , Запара Ярослав Вікторович , Ковальова Оксана Володимирівна
Published: October 2024

Досвід передових країн показує, що запровадження нових видів  транспорту сприяє підвищенню  конкурентоспроможності транспортної галузі та збереженню навколишнього середовища, особливо актуальне в умовах дефіциту ресурсів. Відповідно до цього в статті розглядають питання щодо перспектив упровадження альтернативних технологій перевезень в Україні.У статті наведені результати формування процедури визначення оцінки транспортних технологій на  основі оптимізації витрат на перевезення з урахуванням кваліметричного критерію. У результаті виконаних досліджень сформовано загальну процедуру оцінювання транспортних технологій доставлення вантажів на полігоні на основі принципів кваліметрії, яка, на відміну від існуючих підходів, дає змогу враховувати комплекс  факторів, що впливають на вибір транспортної технології. Отримана процедура оцінювання транспортних технологій може доповнювати традиційні підходи до  формування транспортних технологій.
Удосконалення технології управління місцевою роботою дільниці в умовах невизначеності на основі робастної оптимізації
Authors: Пархоменко Лариса Олексіївна , Прохоров Віктор Миколайович , Калашнікова Тетяна Юріївна
Published: October 2024

У статті розглянуто удосконалення технології управління місцевою роботою залізничних дільниць в умовах невизначеності, що важливо для підвищення ефективності вантажних перевезень. Сучасні методи планування часто базовані на середньодобових даних і не враховують коливань, отже, ефективність управління місцевою роботою може суттєво знижуватися через недостатнє врахування динаміки перевезень. Метою статті є розроблення нової методики планування роботи збірних поїздів з урахуванням невизначеностей, що дасть змогу підвищити точність і надійність планування. Для цього пропонують використовувати робастну оптимізацію, яка забезпечує стійкість рішень до змінюваних умов шляхом застосування принципу мінімаксу. Цей підхід дає змогу створювати надійні плани, які ефективно функціонують навіть у разі значних відхилень від очікуваних умов. У статті проаналізовано результати моделювання, що було проведено за допомогою розробленої процедури оптимізації з застосуванням математичного апарата генетичних алгоритмів, реалізовану в середовищі MATLAB. Моделювання підтвердило ефективність запропонованого підходу. Водночас результати дослідження показують, що для досягнення ще більших результатів доцільно враховувати статистичні дані про коливання обсягів місцевої роботи на станціях. Для цього пропонують інтегрувати стохастичну складову в модель робастної оптимізації, яка дає змогу краще враховувати варіації в обсягах перевезень і забезпечує більш точні рішення. Це може суттєво покращити ефективність планування, зменшити витрати і підвищити загальну ефективність управління залізничними перевезеннями. Отже, запропоновані методи відкривають нові можливості для вдосконалення технологій управління місцевою роботою на залізниці, забезпечуючи більш надійні та економічні рішення в умовах невизначеності.
Research of the impact of noise reduction methods on the quality of audio signal recovery
Authors: Барковська Олеся Юріївна , Гаврашенко Антон Олегович
Published: October 2024

The subject of the study is the analysis  of various filtering algorithms for the  quality of the resulting audio files. The  importance  of audio line filtering has  grown significantly in recent years due  to its key role in a variety of  applications such as speech  reduction and artificial intelligence. Taking into account the growing demand for  solving problems related to speech  recognition, the processing of audio series becomes important for  determining the accuracy and  efficiency of the obtained  solution.The purpose of the work is to study the impact of noise suppression methods on the quality of restoration of an audio signal, which was alternately noisy with one of five types of noise - white, pink, brown, impulse, Gaussian with different power. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were solved: an analysis of the types of noise was carried out and analysis of noise reduction and filtering methods. A generalized model of noise reduction and filtering was developed, and an experiment was planned depending on the type and power of noise. Simulation of the experiment was  performed by comparing the  parameters of the signal-to-noise ratio before and after the experiment and  the peak signal-to-noise ratio in the  processed file. The following methods  are used: spectral subtraction, filtering  based on frequency filters and wavelet transformation.The following results were obtained:  depending on the selected noises and  algorithms, it was possible to achieve  the lowest value of the peak signal-to-noise ratio of 21.52db, and the signal-to-noise ratio increased, which allowed further work with these audio files. The practical significance of this work is the increase in the number of available  audio files for further work.Conclusions: the analysis of the  obtained results showed that filtering based on frequency filters only  worsened the output signal, that is, not only noise, but also useful information is filtered. In all runs, the SNR deteriorates to - 18dB. which is worse than no filtering. Algorithms of spectral subtraction and wavelet transformation improved SNR parameters and output audio files noisy with the most powerful noises in the range of 20dB, which can be considered acceptable for further processing. The results highlight the importance of using denoising and filtering for complex audio processing tasks, particularly neural  network  training tasks.
Удосконалення чинної системи оперативного управління швидкісними залізничними пасажирськими перевезеннями
Authors: Тарасов Кирило Олександрович
Published: October 2024

У статті розглянуто питання підвищення ефективності швидкісних пасажирських залізничних перевезень шляхом впровадження автоматизованої технології надання альтернативних маршрутів в умовах руйнування залізничної інфраструктури внаслідок природних катаклізмів, техногенних аварій або воєнних дій. Запропонована автоматизована система дає змогу оптимізувати процес ухвалення рішень щодо альтернативних маршрутів, зменшуючи ризик людської помилки, і скоротити час затримки швидкісних пасажирських поїздів. Стаття також аналізує інтеграцію цієї системи з чинними структурами управління та автоматизованими робочими місцями поїзних диспетчерів (АРМ ДНЦ) і її вплив на підвищення загальної ефективності роботи залізничного транспорту в надзвичайних ситуаціях.
Studies on Genetic Divergence in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Upadhyay Devendra , Pandey Krishna Kumar
Published: October 2024

Background: The genetic divergence in faba bean genotypes is critical for breeding programs aiming to improve yield and other agronomic traits. Understanding the extent of genetic variability among different genotypes can guide the selection of superior varieties and enhance crop improvement efforts. This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity among 47 faba bean genotypes grown under the specific agro-climatic conditions of Chhattisgarh. Methods: The experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2022-23 at the Hi-Tech-Nursery, Dau Kalyan Singh College of Agriculture and Research Station, Bhatapara, under Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Chhattisgarh. A total of 47 faba bean genotypes were evaluated for genetic divergence using Mahalanobis D2 statistics and Tocher’s method. Ten quantitative characters, including marketable pod yield per plant and marketable pod weight appearance, were measured and analyzed. The genotypes were grouped into clusters based on their genetic distances. Result: The clustering pattern indicated that genetic diversity was independent of geographical diversity. Cluster II contained the highest number of genotypes (19), followed by Cluster I (13), while Cluster IV had the least (1). Among the ten quantitative characters studied, marketable pod yield per plant contributed most to genetic divergence, followed by marketable pod weight appearance. The maximum intra-cluster D2 value was observed in Cluster IV (477.35), followed by Cluster III (250.07). The highest inter-cluster D2 value was between Cluster I and Cluster IV (7917.34), followed by Cluster IV and Cluster V (6156.43).
UTICAJ DOMAĆEG ZADATKA NA KVALITET PROCESA UČENJA STRANOG JEZIKA NA RANOM UZRASTU
Authors: Prošić-Santovac Danijela M.
Published: October 2024

U vreme kada je srpski obrazovni sistem u dubokoj krizi, potrebno je razmotriti sve aspekte nastavnog rada koji bi mogli doprineti blagovremenom izlasku iz nje. Cilj ovog rada je da navede sadašnje, ali i buduće nastavnike stranih jezika da, kroz refleksivnu praksu, preispituju ustaljene obrazovne procese i da ih konstantno unapređuju, kako bi se kvalitet obrazovanja u našoj zemlji podigao na viši nivo, što bi neminovno vodilo i do podizanja opšte kulturološke i pedagoške svesti. Jedna od ovakvih postojećih praksi je i zadavanje domaćih zadataka po ustaljenom obrascu, bez posvećivanja previše pažnje ciljevima i svrsi takvih zadataka, kao i bez posebnog promišljanja o posledicama neadekvatno osmišljenih aktivnosti na motivaciju i stavove učenika na ranom uzrastu prema stranom jeziku koji uče, ali i na samo njihovo znanje ciljnog jezika (Holland i dr. 2021). S druge strane, smislene i svrsishodne aktivnosti, zadate u pravom trenutku mogu samo doprineti podizanju kvaliteta nastave, te će u radu biti date smernice koje u ovome mogu pomoći nastavnicima stranog jezika.
Anormal Uterin Kanamalı Adölesanların Multidisipliner Yaklaşım ile Yönetiminin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Ertekin Mehtap , Evin Ferda , Ayrancı İlkay
Published: October 2024

Anormal uterin kanama (AUK), uterus korpusundan süre, miktar, sıklık ve/veya düzen açısından anormal olan kanama olarak tanımlanır. Adölesan dönemde en sık karşılaşılan jinekoendokrinolojik problemdir. Çalışmamızda AUK olan 40 adölesanın verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hemoglobin 10-12 gr/dL hafif AUK; hemoglobin 8-9,9 gr/dL orta AUK; hemoglobin <8 gr/dL ağır AUK olarak sınıflandırıldı. Olguların yaş ortalaması 14,38±2,1 (11-17,8) yıldı. Olguların ortanca menstrual siklus aralığı 25 (10-45) gün, ortanca kanama süresi 10 (4-35) gün, ortalama ped sayısı 6,2 ped/gün idi. Olguların %17.5’inde (n=7) ağır AUK, %20’sinde (n=8) orta AUK, %62,5’inde (n=25) hafif AUK mevcuttu. 2 (%5) olguda hafif Von Willebrand Hastalığı saptandı. Kanama etiyolojisinde saptanan en sık etken anovulasyondu (n=34). Hafif AUK olan olgularda kanamaya yönelik tedavide ilk seçenek olarak non-steroid antiinflamatuar ilaçlar (NSAİİ) başlandı. Orta AUK olan adölesanlara (n=8) ve hafif AUK olup NSAİİ ile kanamaları kontrol altın alınamayan olgulara (n=6) 3mg drospirenon ve 30 mcg etinilöstradiol içeren kombine oral kontraseptif (KOK) başlandı. Bu olguların kanamaları KOK ile kontrol altına alındı. Ağır AUK olan olgulara, 3mg drospirenon ve 30 mcg etinilöstradiol içeren KOK günde 2-3 tablet olacak şekilde başlandı. Bu olguların kanamalarının kontrol altına alınamaması nedeniyle tedavilerine traneksamik asit oral olarak eklendi. Ağır AUK olan tüm olgularda kombine tedavi ile kanamalar kontrol altına alındı. Sonuç olarak; adölesan dönemde aşırı ve uzun süreli kanama sadece jinekolojik bir sorun değil, aynı zamanda sosyal bir sorundur. Bu nedenle hastalar çocuk endokrinoloji ve çocuk hematoloji tarafından kapsamlı olarak değerlendirilmeli ve tedavileri multidisipliner olarak planlanmalıdır.
Soft wearable electronics for evaluation of biological tissue mechanics
Authors: Lu Yifei , Ma Lichao , Zhang Hehua , Mei Yongfeng , Xiong Ze , Song Enming
Published: October 2024

Flexible wearable devices designed to evaluate the biomechanical properties of deep tissues not only facilitate continuous and effective monitoring in basic performance but also exhibit significant potential in broader disease assessments. Recent advancements are highlighted in the structural and principled design of platforms capable of capturing various biomechanical signals. These advancements have led to enhanced testing capabilities concerning spatial scales and resolution modes at different depths. This review discusses the engineering of soft wearable devices for the biomechanical evaluation of deep tissue signals. It encompasses different measurement modes, device design and fabrication methods, integrated circuit (IC) integration schemes, and the characteristics of measurement depth and accuracy. The core discussion focuses on platform development, targeting different monitoring sites and platform structure design, ranging from linear strain gauges and conformal stretchable sensors to complex three-dimensional (3D) circuit-integrated stretchable arrays. We further explore various technologies associated with different measurement mechanisms and engineering designs, as well as the penetration depth and spatial resolution of these wearable sensors. The practical applications of these technologies are evident in the monitoring of deep tissue signals and changes in tissue characteristics. The results suggest that wearable biomechanical sensing systems hold substantial promise for applications in healthcare and research.
The Supranational Level in the Implementation of the Common Fisheries Policy
Authors: Kolomin V.
Published: October 2024

The article examines the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) of the European Union in the context of its developments at the supranational level of governance. Although the CFP is rarely scrutinized by political scientists, the policy has a considerable political dimension due to states’ sovereign interests in the seas, their connections to the social stability of coastal communities, and the escalating struggle over access to the overexploited marine bioresources. The political basis of the Common Fisheries Policy lies in the principle of relative stability which was established in the early stages of the policy development and represents a political compromise between member states regarding catch shares. The current institutional framework of the CFP results from a recent reform initiated in 2013, influenced by the Lisbon Treaty, and eventually entered into force in 2019. This reform finalized the introduction of the sustainable development agenda into policy, which changes the institutional balance and strengthens the role of supranational authorities. Hence, the Common Fisheries Policy may be characterized as a predominantly supranational policy. Brexit and the increasing importance of the external policy dimension underpin the role of the EU institutions. However, the Council has preserved the exclusive prerogative to set quantitative limits on catches, which prevents the complete communitarization of the policy. In this way, growing politization overlaps with the ever-increasing technical complexity of the CFP. The former stems from the European Parliament activism and the supranational demand for expertise from the industry and expert community. As a result, the Commission empowers subnational actors in order to gain an advantage vis-à-vis national authorities that pursue their own interests over the community ones. Also, the article reveals the functional spillover in action, especially as a result of supranational effort to reach sustainable catches, namely multiannual plans, landing obligation. It requires new policy instruments along with general oversight by the Commission.
Pakistan – International Monetary Fund: Aid or Challenge to Economic Sovereignty?
Authors: Zamaraeva N.
Published: October 2024

Pakistan has faced economic challenges in recent years amid rising global crude oil prices and hydrocarbon import bills: free fall of the rupee, high interest rates, elevated fiscal deficits, 37% inflation, falling stock market, and as a result – shrinking industrial production and elimination of social welfare spending. The borrowings from the IMF, China, and Gulf countries to restore foreign exchange reserves and lack of capability to return them convinced the military-civil authorities in 2023 to declare a threat to the country’s economic sovereignty. The 2019 IMF financial assistance program approved the allocation of 6.5 billion USD until 2023. In 2023, the Fund approved an additional Stand-By Agreement in the amount of 3 billion USD. Basic requirements of the IMF included tightening of credit and financial policy; conducting reforms to improve budgetary discipline and broaden the tax base; reducing public debt; etc. The authorities took a number of urgent measures, first of all, they increased electricity tariffs and the amount of collected taxes. Pakistani society has been critical of the IMF’s demands, especially the increases in electricity tariffs and cuts in social benefits, accusing the IMF of making Pakistan a victim of a debt trap, like many other developing countries. In 2020–2021, the five COVID-19 pandemic waves in Pakistan and then the devastating flood in the country made the situation even more complicated. Challenges in the economy were aggravated by the fierce internal struggle of political opponents. The economic reforms carried out by the three subsequent governments in 2018–2022, headed by prime ministers Imran Khan, Shehbaz Sharif, and Anwaar Haq Kakar, were inconsistent and contradictory, which provoked criticism on the part of the IMF.
Weapons Deliveries to Ukraine as a Polarizing Factor During the U.S. Presidential Campaign
Authors: Bubnova N.
Published: October 2024

The foreign policy agenda in the American presidential campaign, unlike how it was throughout almost the entire U.S. history, turned into a hot topic during the election campaign of 2023–2024. Military assistance to Ukraine became an important part of this pre-election period. The positions of Democratic and Republican parties continued to grow apart on this issue, this split on a foreign policy topic also being quite unpreceded until recently. Though during the current election campaign, almost all presidential candidates, with very rare exceptions, came out in favor of military assistance to Ukraine, yet the majority of the Republican contenders alleged that this conflict ought not be a primary focus, and called upon the administration to identify its strategic goals in Ukraine and limit the weapons deliveries to the realization of these goals. They saw China, not Russia, as the major challenge. Meanwhile, Joe Biden and other Democratic contenders increasingly voiced the argument that the weapons deliveries to Ukraine were important not only for this country, but for the United States itself and for the whole world, and if they did not come in time or in sufficient quantities, Russia would present a threat to its neighboring countries, and Europe could be facing a major war. After the Hamas’s attack on Israel, the resistance of the Republican fraction in Congress to voting in favor of allocating means for military assistance to Ukraine increased, while the White House found itself in a position where it had to distribute its foreign aid between the Ukrainian conflict and the Middle East crisis. Although during the two years of the election campaign, Donald Trump’s popularity grew, and his control over the Republican party expanded, there were some Republicans, and presidential candidates in particular, who criticized Biden not for excessive, but for insufficient support to Ukraine. Yet the political forecasts for a possible second term for Trump were commonly associated with a decrease in U.S. weapons supplies to Ukraine.
India's Impact on the Formation of Multipolar Nuclear Order
Authors: Topychkanov P.
Published: October 2024

India’s decision not to join the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty has led to its labelling as a state that is not fully aligned with the global nuclear order. This places it in the same category as other nuclear-armed countries outside these agreements, such as Israel, North Korea, and Pakistan. India’s nuclear weapons testing in 1998, followed by a similar move by Pakistan, has been viewed as a challenge to international security and the nuclear non-proliferation regime. This article aims to examine India’s stance on these treaties and its choice to become a nuclear-armed state in 1998 within the context of its efforts to influence the establishment of a fair global order that serves the interests of not only the major nuclear powers (USSR/Russia, Great Britain, China, the United States, and France) and their allies, but also the rest of the world. Delhi’s actions in the realm of nuclear arms control highlights the emerging multipolar world. Although India has refrained from actively participating in disarmament negotiations after the end of Cold War, its previous experiences remain relevant today. The breakdown of the U.S. – Russia nuclear arms control as well as crises over the nuclear non-proliferation and testing banning regimes have given weight to the arguments put forth by Indian leaders and diplomats. These arguments emphasize the urgency of reducing nuclear risks and exercising strategic restraint, including maintaining a moratorium on nuclear testing. Since 1998, India has adopted an approach different from its previous policy on various nuclear disarmament issues. This shift is evident in the country’s solidarity with other nuclear powers in opposing the 2021 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. However, India’s longstanding support for multipolarity in international security policy, particularly regarding nuclear weapons, remains unchanged.
Concept of “Ecological Civilization” as a Foundation of China’s “Green” Strategy
Authors: Rovinskaya T.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the Chinese concept of “ecological civilization”, which underlies the modern “green” strategy of the PRC. The prerequisites for its emergence are thoroughly examined: the influence of the international “green” agenda, current environmental problems in China, the background to the formation of an integrated state environmental policy in the PRC. The essence of the “ecological civilization” concept is revealed in terms of the aspiration of the Chinese leadership, on the one hand, to implement its unique approach to the interaction between human society and nature, based on the principles of harmony from traditional Chinese culture, and opposite to the “violent”, hegemonic Western approach; on the other hand – to play a leading role in the current global “green” development within the framework of the “green transition” launched by Western states, while becoming a unifying power for the Third World countries in this direction. In practice, the PRC’s environmental policy, implemented through five-year development plans, has achieved notable success over the past two decades. The combination of caution with pragmatism and pedantry in the political and economic spheres strengthens China’s leadership position in the world. The current political and energy global crisis, which at a deeper level reveals a struggle of ideological and cultural paradigms, the process of establishing a new world order, creates favorable conditions for the realization of the Chinese “ecological civilization” concept, since it contains a harmonizing principle contrary to the “aggressive” approach of man to nature, that has prevailed over the past few centuries and has caused a rough dissonance between the direction of human development and the environment.
A Ray-Tracing Based Single-Site Localization Method for Non-Line-of-Sight Environment
Authors: Hu Shuo , Guo Lixin , Liu Zhongyu
Published: October 2024

Localization accuracy in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios is often hindered by the complex nature of multipath propagation. Traditional approaches typically focus on NLOS node identification and error mitigation techniques. However, the intricacies of NLOS localization are intrinsically tied to propagation challenges. In this paper, we propose a novel single-site localization method tailored for complex multipath NLOS environments, leveraging only angle of arrival (AOA) estimates in conjunction with a ray-tracing (RT) algorithm. The method transforms NLOS paths into equivalent line-of-sight (LOS) paths through the generation of generalized sources (GSs) via ray tracing. A novel weighting mechanism for GSs is introduced, which, when combined with an iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) estimator, significantly improves the localization accuracy of non-cooperative target sources. Furthermore, a multipath similarity displacement matrix (MSDM) is incorporated to enhance accuracy in regions with pronounced multipath fluctuations. Simulation results validate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm, achieving localization performance that approaches the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB), even in challenging NLOS scenarios.
Modelling and Analysis of the Transverse Surface Roughness in Hollow Core Fibers
Authors: Melli Federico , Vasko Kostiantyn , Rosa Lorenzo , Benabid Fetah , Vincetti Luca
Published: October 2024

The corrugation of the interfaces of the cross-section of hollow core fibers based on the inhibited coupling waveguiding mechanism is modeled and the impact on propagation loss is analyzed. The proposed model is based on a combined use of coupled mode theory and azimuthal decomposition. It shows that such transverse roughness causes coupling between the core modes and the dielectric modes of the cladding and consequently an increase of the fiber loss. The model is validated by comparing theoretical and numerical results obtained by applying both deterministic and stochastic corrugations to tube lattice and nested fibers. Scaling laws and impact of fiber parameters are discussed. The model shows that the loss increase is not directly correlated to the root mean square of the stochastic roughness, but only to the value of the power spectral density in specific spatial frequency ranges.
Control of Three-Phase Two-Level Inverters: A Stochastic Lpv Model Approach
Authors: Luo Wensheng , Zhang Ruifang , Zhang Jianwen , Wu Ligang , Vazquez Sergio , Franquelo Leopoldo G.
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to propose a stochastic linear parameter varying (LPV) model approach to design a state feedback controller for three-phase two-level inverters. To deal with the parameter changes, stochastic noise and delays faced by the inverter, it is modeled as a stochastic LPV system with time delay. The stability analysis and control synthesis are conducted for the LPV system. With parameter-dependent Lyapunov functionals, the sufficient stability condition for asymptotical mean-square stability is obtained. In addition, the slack matrix technique is employed to improve the feasibility and reduce the conservatism of the conditions. The obtained theoretical results are applied to the three-phase two-level inverter, whose currents are treated as state variables and controlled to reach the equilibrium point. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed theories and demonstrate the advantages of using the slack matrix.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE PICTURE AND PICTURE TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VIII PADA MATA PELAJARAN PPKn DI SMPN 2 TELUKJAMBE TIMUR KARAWANG
Authors: Tantina Tries Fitriaz
Published: October 2024

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Picture and Picture Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas VIII Pada Mata Pelajaran PPKn Di SMPN 2 Telukjambe Timur Karawang. Model picture and picture suatu kegiatan pembelajaran yang memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa dalam satu kelompok kecil untuk saling berdiskusi tentang materi dalam bentuk gambar dan mengurutkan menjadi urutan yang logis sehingga siswa menjadi aktif dalam belajar dan tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai.

Adapun, metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen. Desain penelitian eksperimen dapat menerapkan pendekatan kualitatif ataupun kuantitatif. Namun pada umunya, penelitian eksperimen menerapkan pendekatan kuantitaif karena memerlukan hipotesis. Metode ini dipilih karena tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan dampak yang ditimbulkan dari suatu perlakuan (treatmen), yaitu perlaksanaan pembelajaran yang diterapkan pada kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol.

Berdasarkan analisis dan pembahasan dalam penelitian mengenai pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif picture and picture terhadap motivasi belajar siswa berupa hasil belajar mata pelajaran PPKn kelas VIII SMPN 2 Telukjambe Timur Karawang, penulis dapat menarik kesimpulan bahwa model pembelajaran koperatif tipe picture and picture memberikan pengaruh terhadap motivasi belajar siswa berupa hasil belajar PPKn. Hal ini dilihat dari nilai rata-rata posttest siswa kelas eksperimen sebesar 70,00 sedangkan kelas kontrol sebesar 54,25. Dari pehitungan nilai rata-rata hasil belajar kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe picture and picture lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas kontrol yang menggunankan model pembelajaran konvensional. Uji hipotesis menunjukan nilai Sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000. Sehingga, Ho di tolak atau H1 diterima, karena nilai Sig. (2-tailed) yakni 0,000< 0,05.

 

Kata Kunci: Picture and Pictre, Motivasi Belajar
Heidegger ile Kant: Sondan Başa Bir Diyalog
Authors: Mandalinci Maya
Published: October 2024

Öz: Bu araştırma; Heidegger’in, Kant’ın eleştirel felsefesinde bulduğu ontoloji anlayışını, odağına sonluluğu almak suretiyle yeniden yorumlamaktadır. Heidegger’in iddiasıyla, Kopernikçi dönüşün bir kazanımı olarak Kant, deneyimin altında yatan ve onu mümkün kılan transendental unsurları ortaya çıkarmış ve ontolojik bir yaklaşıma öncülük etmiştir. Ana hatlarıyla bu buluş, tezahür edenin (fenomenlerin) kendini insani bilişe sonlu bir temsil yapısı içinde sunması ve bu temsili meydana çıkarmanın da ona uygun bir bakışı –deneyimi önceleyen türden görünün saf apriori bakışını– gerekli kılmasıdır. Heidegger’in terminolojisi ile ifade edersek, bu, ontolojik bilmenin ontik olanı öncelediğinin Kantçı bir gösterimidir. Bu önceleme hali, bu transendental yapı, aşkınlığı sonlu bir ontoloji dahilinde tesis etmenin de imkânını doğurur. Dolayısıyla, Heidegger’in iddiasıyla, Kantçı projenin nihai amacı ve doğrultusu; onu bir bilgi kuramına indirgeyen epistemolojik okumaların aksine, ancak sonluluk ekseninde anlaşılır ve içsel olanakları bakımından keşfedilir hale gelir. Bu çalışmanın amacı öncelikle Heideggerci okumadaki sonluluk vurgusunu, sonlu düşünmenin asli belirlenimlerini ortaya koymak ve akabinde sonluluk odağında formüle edilen bu yorumun Kant felsefesi bakımından anlamını yeniden tartışmaya açmaktır.
The Kashmir Dispute: A Strategic Analysis
Authors: Muhammad Waqas  , Rehman Khalil
Published: October 2024

Historically, Kashmir’s otherworldly beauty and high-culture have been taking the brunt of oppression and repression since centuries. The many transformations, transcended by Kashmiri consciousness, range from being a serf to a dissenter, from a defiant peasant to an armed insurgent, not to mention the stone-pelters’ enduring struggle for freedom. Likewise, whenever an awareness emerged and became a becoming, an unimaginable coercion and tyranny persisted alongside. It remains and lacerates from an occupation and annexation-lawfare, besides, the military and para-military apparatus that sustains it. The post-partition Cease Fire Line (CFL) is now the disputed Line of Control (LoC) between India and Pakistan, whereas, the British era delimited McMahon Line has become the Line of Actual Control (LAC) between India and China. The Sino-Indian rivalry is in the foreground with an Indo-US congruence in the background. Also, the greater context of dispute is the Hindu nationalist agenda objectively implemented by Modi-Amit duo in the spirit of M.S. Golwalkar, plus, the complex geo-political mixture of regional, extra-regional and global strategic environment. However, Kashmiri consciousness is a reality inductively validating the libertarian spirit. Vicissitudes of time taught Kashmiris the virtues of transcendent wisdom and restraint. The Kashmiri liberation struggle continues. It is a calling.
Effects of Mental Health of Persons with Schizophrenia on Perceiving and Interpreting Reality of Life
Authors: Hadayat Ali Dr. Hina
Published: October 2024

The intention of the current study was to endeavor the effects of mental health of persons with schizophrenia on perceiving and interpreting reality of life.  The researcher controlled over 16 variables in order to find out the effects of mental health of persons with schizophrenia taken as determinant. The parents and care takers of the persons with schizophrenia were the population of the study. Random sampling technique was employed to choose the sample of the persons with schizophrenia (n = 70) from the Faisalabad city and the Lahore city of the Punjab, Pakistan.  A structured questionnaire for collecting specific information was developed on the basis of 5 point likert scale such as very strong (5), strong (4), neutral (3), not really (2) and not at all (1).  After collecting data, it was tabulated and results were interpreted through descriptive statistics by using SPSS.  Inferential statistics (Pearson Product Moment Correlation and t-test) and descriptive statistics (Frequencies and Percentages) were used for statistical analysis.  Results indicated a significant positive correlation (r = 0.38, significant at P 0.01) in mental health of persons with schizophrenia on perceiving and interpreting reality of life. There was a significant difference (significant at p .001) between the perception of parents and the perception of care takers having impact of mental health on perceiving and interpreting reality of life for persons with schizophrenia. ‘Thoughts that it would be better off dead’ prevail all the time and ‘behavioral and/or emotional changes most prominently occur while performing job tasks under the effect of mental health of persons with schizophrenia clearly manifest severe effects on perceiving and interpreting reality. It was concluded that mental health of persons with schizophrenia seems to be associated with significant loss for perceiving and interpreting reality.
Critical Perspectives on ELF theory and Research
Authors: Chandio Moomal , Aftab Nida , Zaki Sajida
Published: October 2024

The undeniable prevalence of Englisha s a Lingua Franca (ELF) is juxtaposed with the insufficient recognition of its extensive use in local English education. This research offers critical insights into the disparity between ELF theory and research, drawing on a thorough examination of the last 5 to 8 years across various databases, including peer-reviewed empirical studies. The findings underscore the widespread use of English as a lingua franca among individuals from ASEAN countries. However, there is a noticeable scarcity of research addressing the incorporation of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) into programs aimed at preparing future teachers and the execution of English language teaching. The review delves into two primary domain questions and advocates for a reassessment of conventional approaches, particularly in light of the historical reliance on Native Speaker (NS) English as the exclusive benchmark for language proficiency, with NSs serving as the predominant models.
Diagnostic Study of the Dyslexion Factor in Urdu Language at Early Classes in Public Schools of South Punjab
Authors: Bashir Samina
Published: October 2024

Dyslexia, a specific learning disability, exerts profound effects on language acquisition and educational attainment. This study delves into the underexplored domain of dyslexia within the context of the Urdu language, as encountered by students in public schools of South Punjab, Pakistan. Employing a comprehensive battery of standardized tasks and tests, the study diagnoses the presence of dyslexia and assesses its impact on the reading and writing processes. The findings reveal a spectrum of dyslexic characteristics among students, as evidenced by challenges in phonological awareness, letter-sound recognition, rapid automatized naming, and comprehension. Dyslexia significantly affects their ability to decode unfamiliar words and comprehend text. Concurrent qualitative interviews shed light on the diverse attitudes and reactions of students toward dyslexia, from determination to anxiety. This study's results underscore the necessity for tailored interventions, early screening, and teacher training to support students with dyslexia in mastering the Urdu language. By focusing on both the diagnosis of dyslexia and its implications for language learning, the study hopes to contribute to more inclusive and effective education in South Punjab's public schools.

The findings reveal a spectrum of dyslexic characteristics among students, as evidenced by challenges in phonological awareness, letter-sound recognition, rapid automatized naming, and comprehension. Dyslexia significantly affects their ability to decode unfamiliar words and comprehend text. Concurrent qualitative interviews shed light on the diverse attitudes and reactions of students toward dyslexia, from determination to anxiety.
This study's results underscore the necessity for tailored interventions, early screening, and teacher training to support students with dyslexia in mastering the Urdu language. By focusing on both the diagnosis of dyslexia and its implications for language learning, the study hopes to contribute to more inclusive and effective education in South Punjab's public schools.
Keywords: Dyslexia, Urdu Language, Public Schools, South Punjab, Language Learning, Standardized Tasks, Reading, Writing
Relevant Issues Which Delayed The Achievement of African Unity From Nkrumah’s Struggle To The Present Day
Authors: Mangalala Brel Grâce
Published: October 2024

This Article investigates on relevant issues which delayed the achievement of African unity from Nkrumah’s struggle to the present time. The aim is to determine the way Nkrumah did not succeed in realizing his vision for the unification of Africa. Using the historical approach, the study  reveals that Nkrumah’s dream to saw African unity was failed because of controversial opinions and oppositions the first generation of  the African leaders had not vigorously  pursued the goal of unifying Africa, courage, will, dedication, determination and the loyalty that it deserved. They saw Nkrumah too radical and too ambitious as the one seeking to make Ghana a Black paradise. They therefore refused to follow his initiatives in the quest for unification in Africa because  just  fear of losing their power. The study also agrees that today it is the same scenario about African union. There are many debates among us, and there is no consensus on how to achieve African union; and Africa’s current generation of heads of States do not show their courage, will, action, and determination to the issue of African union, because they lack the methods and initiatives to apply in the search for African unity. Thus, their powerless in reflexions delays Nkrumah’s dream of African union at all levels. This Article concludes that we (the African people) must make the choice for our destiny, either to unite or disunite, because it will be a waste of time to look for the things which were not destined to us.
The Effect of Presenting Geometry Items with and without Shapes on the Psychometric Properties of the Test and Students’ Test Scores
Authors: Atçı İslim , İlhan Mustafa
Published: October 2024

This research intended to examine the effects of presenting geometry items with and without shapes on the psychometric properties of the test and students’ test scores. The study was conducted on 480 eighth grade students. Within the scope of the study, two geometry tests were crafted, one with shapes and the other without shapes. Both tests consisted of 15 multiple-choice items. In the data collection process, a counterbalanced design was followed and the two tests were administered to the students three weeks apart. Analyses were carried out on 405 students who participated in both applications and whose test forms could be matched. The factor analysis results revealed that the factor loadings of the items and extracted variance were higher for the test with shapes compared to the shape-free form. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the test containing shapes was found to be significantly higher than that calculated for the test without shapes. According to item difficulties, the questions with shapes were easier for the students than the shape-free questions. In terms of discrimination indices a difference in favor of the shape-containing test was observed in almost all items. Ferguson delta statistic, which is a measure of discrimination for the overall test, was higher in the shape-contaninig test. Correlation analysis denoted a strong positive relationship between student scores on the two tests. The paired sample t-test proved that there was a statistically significant difference between students’ scores on the shape-containing and shape-free tests. These results indicate that the geometry tests with and without shapes differ in terms of both psychometric properties and students’ test scores.
Regulatory Landscape of Cannabis Warning Labels in US States with Legal Retail Nonmedical Cannabis, 2024
Authors: Meek Caroline J. , Ranney Leah M. , Clark Sonia A. , Jarman Kristen L. , Callanan Rachel , Kowitt Sarah D.
Published: October 2024

Objectives. To characterize regulatory practices related to nonmedical cannabis warning labels in states across the United States that have legalized retail nonmedical cannabis.

Methods. In March 2024, we conducted a content analysis of regulations for nonmedical cannabis warning labels required on product packages in 20 states where, as of March 2024, adults could legally purchase nonmedical cannabis in retail environments. For each state, we examined requirements related to warning label content and characteristics.

Results. Required warning label content and characteristics varied widely across states. Only 2 states required a warning about mental health risks (10%) and 2 states required a warning for high potency products on risk of psychosis (10%). No states required front-of-package warning placement, only 2 states required rotating warnings (10%), and 4 states required contrasting colors (20%). Warnings were often verbose (mean = 57 words), vague, and had small or no minimum font size.

Conclusions. Opportunities exist for states to improve the alignment of their nonmedical cannabis warning label regulations with evidence that has been generated so far in cannabis effects, cannabis warning efficacy, and warning label design. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S8):S681–S684. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307722 )
Trends in Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol and Cannabis Among Young Adults in Washington State From Before to During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hultgren Brittney A. , Calhoun Brian H. , Fleming Charles B. , Rhew Isaac C. , Larimer Mary E. , Kilmer Jason R. , Guttmannova Katarina
Published: October 2024

Objectives. To examine trends in young adult self-reported driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI-A), cannabis (DUI-C), and simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use (DUI-AC) in a state with legalized nonmedical cannabis use from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods. We used logistic regression and annual statewide data from the Washington Young Adult Health Survey to assess DUI behaviors from 2016 to 2021.

Results. Both prepandemic yearly changes in prevalence and deviations from those trends during the pandemic years were small and not statistically significant. However, prevalence estimates were alarming: 12.0% of participants reported DUI-A, 12.5% reported DUI-C, and 2.7% reported DUI-AC. Exploratory moderation analyses indicated a relative increase in DUI-A during 2020 among 4-year college students relative to young adults not attending 4-year colleges.

Conclusions. Young adults in Washington State continued to engage in risky DUI behaviors during the pandemic. College students may have increased their likelihood of DUI-A during COVID-19.

Public Health Implications. Young adults, for whom vehicle crashes remain a leading cause of death, showed little change in DUI behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is continued need for young adult DUI prevention efforts. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S8):S698–S701. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307767 )