bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROCESSO DE TRABALHO GERENCIAL NO SETOR DE IMUNIZAÇÃO DE UMA POLICLÍNICA: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Lima Rohan Barreto Isabella , Neves Guimarães de Carvalho Rozana , Augusto Rodrigues dos Santos Charles , Jacinto de Freitas Rayene , Perez da Cruz Ulhoa Tenorio Clara , Araujo Braz Pinto Tainá , Rocha Pereira Paloma , Abreu Araujo Paloma de , Callegario Galvão Karen , Luiz Lima da Silva Jorge
Published: June 2023

Relatar a experiência sobre a organização do processo de trabalho do enfermeiro no setor de imunização de uma Policlínica Regional no município de Niterói-R.J. Metodologia: estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência, realizado no primeiro semestre do ano de 2022 pelos estudantes de enfermagem da Universidade Federal. Na Unidade de Saúde foi possível o aprendizado através da observação da rotina dos profissionais na sala de vacinas; assistindo o cotidiano, a organização do ambiente, o controle de estoque de vacinas e imunobiológicos e soros sua conservação, organização do fornecimento de materiais, preparo e administração de imunizantes; descarte dos resíduos e Registros. Resultados e discussão: A atividade de compreensão e observação do funcionamento do setor de imunização foi realizado por acadêmicos do 6º período de enfermagem da Universidade Federal Fluminense que  tiveram  a  possibilidade  de vivenciar as práticas gerenciais do setor de vacinação da unidade e as dimensões do processo de trabalho, especificamente, o processo de trabalho gerencial. Para a realização da atividade, inicialmente foi necessária a ambiência, assim como a observação da organização do setor no dia a dia; entre eles a organização da equipe e as respectivas funções, cuidados com a rede de frio, resíduos biológicos, entre outros. Considerações finais: O presente estudo identificou a importância da gestão no exercício das práticas da profissão como um fator indispensável para o planejamento de recursos de materiais, dimensionamento de pessoal, resolução de problemas, tomada de decisão, autonomia e avaliação dos serviços prestados.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keberhasilan ASI Eksklusif pada Anak di RSUD
Wangaya
Authors: Kurnia Bella , Suryawan I Wayan Bikin
Published: June 2023

Latar Belakang: ASI merupakan makanan alamiah terbaik bagi bayi. ASI mengandung
nutrisi penting untuk bayi seperti protein, lemak, karbohidrat, vitamin, mineral, dan
berbagai macam elemen penting untuk bayi dalam mencapai tumbuh kembang yang optimal. Di
Indonesia, angka cakupan ASI masih dibawah target. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk
melihat faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilas ASI eksklusif pada anak di RSUD Wangaya.
Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah kasus-kontrol. Data diambil dari data rekam medis
serta wawancara di RSUD Wangaya sejak April hingga Mei 2019. Studi ini menggunakan
consecutive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan chi-square untuk bivariat dan regresi
logistik untuk multivariat. Hasil: Faktor-faktor yang dianalisis yaitu multipara
(p=1,000; OR=1.214), metode persalinan (p=1,000; OR=1.214), ketersediaan informasi
(p<0,001; OR=46.000), pekerjaan (p=0,148; OR=2.778), dan tingkat pendidikan (p=0,240;
OR=2.364). Dari analisis multivariat, terdapat satu faktor yang berpengaruh yaitu
ketersediaan informasi (p=0,001). Kesimpulan: Fakor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan ASI
eksklusif pada anak di RSUD Wangaya adalah ketersediaan informasi tentang ASI terhadap
ibu.
La evaluación académica basada en indicadores bibliométricos como sistema socio-técnico. Micro y macropolítica de la jerarquización de productos y actividades científicas y tecnológicas
Authors: Thomas Hernan , Becerra Lucas , Trentini Florencia
Published: June 2023

La evaluación académica basada en indicadores bibliométricos cuantitativos (factor de impacto – WoS; Scimago sjr – Scopus e índice h – Google Scholar) se ha convertido en las últimas décadas en uno de los principales pilares de la jerarquización de publicaciones, la definición de agendas de investigación, la conformación de equipos de investigación, la asignación de recursos financieros y la promoción (y a veces estancamiento) de trayectorias profesionales de investigadores y tecnólogos.

Esta centralidad ha determinado múltiples niveles de incidencia de una práctica relativamente restringida a dinámicas intra-comunitarias, al punto de convertir la tecnología de evaluación “objetiva” basada en indicadores bibliométricos en una práctica hegemónica. Sin embargo, tal hegemonía no implica un consenso absoluto: los manifiestos contenidos en este dossier son una prueba de ello.

El análisis se despliega desde un abordaje socio-técnico y se presenta en clave de un argumento incremental. En primer lugar, se analiza la trayectoria socio-técnica de la transición entre la tecnología de evaluación por pares (subjetiva, “idiosincrásica”) y la bibliométrica (“objetiva”), poniendo el foco en el proceso de cambio no-lineal que sufrieron los criterios, mecanismos, protocolos y prácticas (desde fines de la segunda guerra mundial hasta la actualidad) a escala internacional y su adecuación a los complejos institucionales de cyt latinoamericanos.

En segunda instancia, se abordan problemas puntuales de la tecnología de evaluación basada en indicadores bibliométricos. Así, se analizan los problemas (conceptuales y empíricos) de la evaluación “objetiva”, y sus problemas derivados: sobre la concepción de la calidad de la producción académica; las microprácticas de los investigadores y las microprácticas de evaluación.

Este análisis por elementos puntuales se integra, en una tercera instancia, en términos sistémicos. Se pone en tensión qué mide (y por derivación, qué invisibiliza) la evaluación “objetiva”; cómo incide esta tecnología de evaluación en la relación entre la producción de conocimiento científico y la producción de bienes y servicios; entre la producción de conocimientos científicos y la producción de soluciones a problemas locales; y entre las agendas de investigación y las políticas públicas de ciencia, tecnología, innovación y desarrollo en América Latina.

El artículo concluye con una reconstrucción analítica de la alianza socio-técnica en términos de las capacidades relacionales, los bucles de retroalimentación y la dinámica inercial que construye, estabiliza y refuerza el funcionamiento de la tecnología de evaluación “objetiva”. Este último nivel permite dimensionar la capacidad transformadora de las diferentes soluciones –propuestas en los manifiestos- a los problemas analizados.
Effect of Supplementing Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) Leaf Powder on Average Weekly Feed Intake and Egg production of Commercial Laying Hens
Authors: KAUR MANVEEN , SIDDIQUI RUKKIYA , KUMAR RIPUSUDAN , MONDAL B C , RAZA MEESAM
Published: June 2023

The present experiment was designed to study the effect of dietary incorporation of eucalyptus leaf  powder on the average weekly feed intake and egg production of commercial laying hens. A 12-week  feeding experiment was conducted on 72 White Leghorn laying chickens of 28 weeks of age. Hens  were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups, each having 18 birds and three replicates  of six birds. Four treatments were included as a control (T1): basal diet, (T2): Incorporation of 0.3%  eucalyptus leaf powder in the basal diet containing phytase, (T3): Incorporation of 0.45% eucalyptus  leaf powder in the basal diet containing phytase, (T4): incorporation of 0. 6% eucalyptus leaf powder  in the basal diet containing phytase. Daily feed intake and egg production were recorded. The results  revealed that Supplementing Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus Globulus) Leaf powder did not affect the  cumulative performance of laying hens in terms of feed intake and egg production (P>0.05). Based  on the above findings, it was determined that adding 0.3 percent eucalyptus leaf powder to the basal  diet containing phytase improves egg production. Furthermore, because Eucalyptus leaves can be  procured at no cost, their incorporation is cost-effective and can help reduce feed expenditures.
Lower Ordovician calcareous microfossils from the San Juan Formation, Argentina: a new type of calcitarch and its paleoenvironmental implications
Authors: Moreno Florencia , Mestre Ana , Heredia Susana
Published: June 2023

The calcareous microfossils present in the Ordovician and Silurian carbonate successions around the world are limited to few studies and their biological affinities and environmental preferences remain indefinite. In the carbonate Ordovician San Juan Formation from the Cerro La Chilca section, a group of calcareous microfossils was recognized and, based on their size, they are included in the calcitarch classification. Two types of calcitarchs have been recognized, Type-III calcitarch: large spheres with a thin to medium wall (diameter ~250 μm), and Type-0 calcitarch: small spheres with a thin wall (diameter ~80 μm). The carbonate microfacies analysis of the lower part of the San Juan Formation allowed defining five successive microfacies: burrowed bioclastic wackestone (M1), peloidal intraclastic packstone-grainstone (M2), intraclastic floatstone (M3), intraclastic wackestone-packstone (M4) and bioclastic boundstone (M5). These microfacies are interpreted to range from shallow subtidal facies below wave action to shoal and reef facies. It is possible to infer that the recovered calcitarchs show variations in size in relation to the facies that contain them. The calcitarchs recognized in wackestone-type facies are the Type-0 calcitarch and those recovered from the packstone-grainstone facies are the Type-III calcitarch. The calcitarch sizes variation probably is related to a gradual increase of energy within a shallow subtidal environment. Occurrences of calcitarchs within the Floian Oepikodus evae-O. intermedius conodont zone extends their fossil record into the Early Ordovician.
New insights on the Silurian graptolite biostratigraphy of the La Chilca Formation, Poblete Norte section, Central Precordillera of San Juan, Argentina: faunal replacement and paleoenvironmental implications
Authors: Lopez Fernando Enrique , Kaufmann Cintia
Published: June 2023

New data and a biostratigraphic review on Silurian graptolites of the La Chilca Formation are presented. Silurian retiolitids and monoserial graptolites are described for the first time in the lower layers of the Salto Macho Member at the Poblete Norte section, exposed in the Central Precordillera, San Juan Province, western Argentina. This member (late Hirnantian-early Wenlock) begins with a pebble paraconglomerate covered by a sedimentary succession of dark grey shales and greenish-yellowish siltstones. Two graptolite assemblages were collected therein. The first association includes Pseudoplegmatograptus reticulatus, Stimulograptus sedgwickii, Talacastograptus leanzai, Metaclimacograptus asejradi, Coronograptus sp., and biserial and monoserial indeterminate graptolites. The second contains Retiolites geinitzianus, Monograptus priodon, Stimulograptus sp., Pristiograptus sp., and unknown monoserial colonies. The late Aeronian Stimulograptus sedgwickii Zone is recorded due to the presence of the index taxon in the middle levels of the Salto Macho Member. The second graptolite fauna has been related to the early Sheinwoodian Cyrtograptus murchisoni Zone, based on the presence of palynomorph assemblages from the La Chilca Formation, previously studied in another sections. The biotic changes of the graptolite faunas, sedimentary variations, and prevalent paleoenvironmental conditions observed in the lower beds of the Salto Macho Member, could indicate the first evidence of the Sedgwickii Event in Precordillera, which is recognized globally and involves comparable features.
Factors impeding the participation of women in the Seventh Day Adventist church hierarchy in Laikipia–Samburu station, Kenya
Authors: Mwangi Dorcas Nyambura , Kariuki John Batista , Kabugi Peterson
Published: June 2023

This study aimed at investigating factors impeding the participation of women in SDA hierarchy in Laikipia–Samburu Station, Kenya. The study explored patriarchal theory using qualitative descriptive survey design, targeting 1,080 pastors, church elders and departmental heads, lay members of SDA church in Laikipia-Samburu Station. The study employed proportionate purposive sampling procedure with sample size of 278 respondents. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and document analysis. The study established that gender representation in church hierarchy in practice is not balanced. The study also established that SDA has no written church policy prohibiting ordination of women but after completion of theological training women are commissioned while their male counterparts are ordained and licensed. The study recommends that the SDA General Conference Sessions should revise Church Policies and alter Church Manual to allow women ordination which is a New Light in SDA church. This is because women ordination is not against the scriptures but the SDA church practice which can be revised to increase women participation in the leadership of church hierarchy. The results of the study might have implication to SDA church in addressing challenges facing women in its hierarchy and also contribute useful insights to the religious scholars. Government and other ministries might also use the recommendations of these results to formulate policies towards uplifting women in general areas of leadership and in achieving Sustainable Development Goals.
An analysis of challenges faced by internal audit departments in the public sector : a case study of eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality
Authors:   , Jori Richard
Published: June 2023

Despite the establishment of Internal Audit Departments in the South African public sector, there is still an increased rate of corruption, fraud, and mismanagement of resources. As a result, in recent years, attention has been focused on how effective these departments are. The aim of this study was to analyse the challenges faced by internal audit departments in the public sector paying particular attention to the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality. A mixed method research design was adopted, and data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. The target population of this study was the Internal Audit staff of the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality. Microsoft Excel was used to analyse the collected data and the results are presented in form of tables and charts. The findings of the study showed that the lack of support from management and restrictions on available human resources were highlighted as the most significant challenges faced by employees in the unit. Based on this study's findings, it is recommended that individuals who are professionally and academically qualified be hired to supervise the Internal Audit Functions to reduce the risks associated with fraudulent activities.
Exploring Academics’ Performance Management Experiences at a University of Technology in South Africa
Authors: Isabirye Anthony , Moloi Khadijah
Published: June 2023

This study was designed to explore the academics’ experiences of the performance management system (PMS) at a university and to understand which of their performances enhanced the achievement of the university’s strategic goals. Furthermore, the study sought to establish the support required by the academics to achieve the performance as captured in their key performance indicators (KPIs) within the faculty. A qualitative research design was adopted using semi-structured, in-depth, individual interviews to collect data from 18 academics, coded L1 to L18. Interview questions revolved around the participants’ four KPIs, namely quality teaching and learning, research productivity, community engagement and participation in management activities. Through content data analysis, participants’ experiences were highlighted. It was revealed that PM at the institution revolved around pre-determined KPIs that were given to the academics in advance before the exercise. The four KPIs later came out as the key PM practises applied by the university to enhance the achievement of its strategic goals. It was also possible to establish the participants’ performance, the support given by the university and the gap between the participants’ performance and the institution’s expectations, as captured in the KPIs. It emerged that whilst the participants had the needed competencies to ensure quality teaching and learning, they also required, among others, a mechanism to assess the impact of teaching on the students’ performance. It further emerged that little was done in terms of research productivity; and that participants required enormous support from the university, and rewards to enable them to publish and supervise. Regarding community engagement and participation in administrative activities, participants indicated that it was more challenging due to pressing teaching loads. Based on the findings, recommendations to enhance all the identified KPIs were proposed.
WHAT INFLUENCES UNEMPLOYMENT IN ACEH PROVINCE
Authors: Mahrizal Mahrizal , Maidiansyah Putra
Published: June 2023

Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest population in the world and is a big capital for Indonesia in development. A large population if not managed properly will cause unemployment problems. The most remote province of Sumatra, namely the province of Aceh, is one of the provinces that has a high open unemployment rate. Thus, it is necessary to analyze the factors that influence the open unemployment rate. This study aims to analyze the effect of the provincial minimum wage, economic growth and inflation on the open unemployment rate in Aceh Barat district. The type of research used is quantitative research using multiple linear regression method with time series data (time series) for 2012-2021, namely 10 years including provincial minimum wage data, economic growth data, inflation data, open unemployment rate data, and processed using the SPSS program. 25. The results of this study indicate that simultaneously the F test of the provincial minimum wage, economic growth and inflation together affects the level of open unemployment in Aceh Barat district. While partially, namely the t test, it is concluded that the provincial minimum wage has a positive and significant effect on the level of open unemployment, economic growth has a negative and significant effect on the unemployment rate and inflation has a negative and significant effect on the open unemployment rate in Aceh Barat district.
PREVENTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS BY LOSARTAN IN COMPARISON WITH PIOGLITAZONE IN A RAT MODEL
Authors: MUHAMMAD NAUMAN SHAD  , ZUJAJA ZAHEER  , SADIA CHIRAGH
Published: June 2023

Background: Due to the increased incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, there is increased need for the search of drugs that may be useful in preventing/delaying the onset of this disease.

Objective: To compare the preventive effects of losartan and pioglitazone on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a rat model fed on a high fat diet.

Methods: Study was conducted on 45 Sprague-Dawley rats divided into three randomized groups. All the rats were fed a high fat diet meant for inducing type 2 diabetes. Pioglitazone or losartan was given to the rats in group B and C respectively. Fasting blood glucose levels and body weight were determined weekly. At the end of the 12 week study period, Serum Insulin and CRP (C-Reactive Protein) levels were also determined.

Results: Rats in groups B and C gained less weight and had lower fasting BSL than those in control group A. Results show that the mean serum insulin and CRP levels were significantly low in group B and C as compared to those in group A while difference between group B and C was statistically insignificant. The number of diabetic rats in group B and C was significantly lower as compared to group A at the end of study. Number of diabetic rats remained constant in pioglitazone treated rats after 10th week of study, while it kept on increasing in losartan treated group.

Conclusion: Pioglitazone delays and prevents development of type 2 diabetes while losartan only has a delaying effect.
FREQUENCY OF PREINVASIVE CERVICAL LESIONS AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS
Authors: SADIA RIZWAN  , SADIA TARIQ  , NUZHAT KHWAJA
Published: June 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of preinvasive cervical lesions and associated risk factors in asymptomatic women so as to emphasize the need for an organized screening program.

Study Design: Cross sectional epidemiological study

Place and duration of study: Obstetrics and Gynaecology Outpatient Department, Lahore General Hospital Lahore from June2005- May 2006

Methodology: One thousand married women of age 18-60 years were selected after informed consent. Relevant information was recorded on pre designed proforma, Pap smear taken, fixed in 95% ethyl Alcohol and, sent to pathology department. Frequency and predisposing factors were analyzed

Results: About 30% of the cases were lost to follow up. In rest of the cases frequency of preinvasive cervical lesion was 1.25% (33.3% CIN I, 44.5% CIN II, and 22.2% CIN III). Mean age of women with preinvasive lesions were 34yearsand 45% had Parity >7.All of the women with abnormal smears were Muslims, 89% were poor and 78% uneducated. Regarding husband profession about 67% were unskilled laborers while all women were house wives. Mean age at marriage was 18-years and in 45%either or both partners were married twice. 44% of the couples were not practicing contraception. About 33%subjectswere Smokers, None had Pap smear previously and11% had reduced immunity.

Conclusion: Abnormal cervical cytology is linked with multiparity, low socioeconomic status, illiteracy and early age at marriage in this study. Selective cervical screening is essential for high risk population even in under resource settings. Meanwhile alternative cost effective techniques should be evaluated.
PERAN GURU DALAM MENDIDIK SISWA PASCA PANDEMI COVID-19 DENGAN PERSPEKTIF PASTORAL KONSELING
Authors: Luma Subaedah , Siwu Inggrid C. , Lombogia Randy A. A. P.
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study is, to describe and analyze the learning process of teachers after the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as to analyze the obstacles and challenges of learning carried out by teachers in educating and educating students with a Pastoral Counseling perspective. The method used in this study is the Descriptive Qualitative method, which was implemented at one of the elementary schools in Manado City, in 2022.

            The data was collected through observations, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the analysis and interpretation of this data, it is an indication that there are obstacles and challenges in the learning process that is, there are some students who have psychological symptoms and delays in understanding the lesson.

            From the findings of this research, it is recommended, that every teacher must always be creative, innovative, and understand his students in educating and implementing learning, and can continue to develop skills, create the new things in educating their students and always evaluate. Every teacher must also have five bits of intelligence that are intellectual, moral, social, emotional, and motor intelligence.
O EFEITO DA APLICABILIDADE DA ESTABILIZAÇÃO SEGMENTAR NA LOMBOCIATALGIA: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Serrão Ádima Carneiro , Cordeiro Angélica dos Santos , Maquiné Keila da Silva , Silva Kely Dayane Freitas da , Santos Yasmin Bezerra dos , Alves Erika Gomes , Duarte Dennys Ricardo
Published: June 2023

A Lombociatalgia tem se tornando cada vez mais frequente na população hoje em dia, sendo necessário maior controle do corpo e precisando de mais força muscular para suportar as novas posturas adotadas no dia a dia. este estudo teve como objetivo demonstrar os efeitos da estabilização segmentar em pacientes com lombociatalgia por meio da literatura. a busca foi conduzida através da literatura por artigos científicos dos últimos dez anos, utilizando as plataformas de dados PubMed, SciELO e Google Acadêmico. foram inclusos artigos de ensaios clínicos, randomizados ou não, estudos observacionais ou experimentais, cujo tratamento envolvesse estabilização segmentar em lombociatalgia, e sendo exclusos estudos anteriores a 2013, revisão e artigos duplicados. Resultados encontrados foram de 4 artigos para compor esta pesquisa, que compararam a estabilização segmentar com técnicas como de eletroestimulação, mckenzie e exercícios respiratórios, onde os autores evidenciaram e corroboraram quanto ao uso da técnica de estabilização segmentar como tratamento para lombociatalgia. Pode-se concluir que o uso da estabilização segmentar lombar em pacientes com lombociatalgia mostraram efeitos satisfatório no que se refere a redução da dor, e incapacidade funcional.
Analisis Keamanan Aplikasi Android Non Playstore Dengan Metode Digital Forensik Pendekatan Statis Dan Dinamis
Authors: Gunawan Indra
Published: June 2023

Kejahatan dunia maya setiap tahunnya mengalami peningkatan salah satunya adalah kebocoran data. Aplikasi android non Playstore tidak dijamin keamannya karena sistem aplikasi hanya mempunyai akses ke direktori khusus, dan inilah yang memperumit proses instalasi pengguna aplikasi non Playstore. Pada penelitian ini penulis melakukan analisis keamanan dengan 5 aplikasi non Playstore dengan pendekatan statis dan dinamis, setelah melakukan eksperimen menggunakan software Wireshark dan Network Miner dengan tahapan alur proses metode dari National Institute of Justice (NIJ) yang terbagi menjadi lima tahapan yakni identification, collection, examination, analysis, dan reporting telah mendapatkan bukti bahwa aplikasi non Playstore dicurigai tidak menjamin keamanan data pengguna.

Pada aplikasi yang dipantau ini yang nantinya akan memperoleh bukti digital berisi aman atau tidaknya aplikasi android dari tingkat ancaman tindak kejahatan dengan menggunakan metode statis untuk membongkar program aplikasi dan dinamis digunakan untuk melihat keamanan datanya yang terpapar apakah terdapat virus pada aplikasi tersebut serta kebocoran data lainnya. dari analisis ini dapat diperoleh hasil eksperimen menggunakan sofwere Wireshark dan Network Miner untuk dianalisis.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kerentanan aplikasi yang bersumber dari non Playstore dengan tingkat ancaman. Hasil yang didapatkan dari aplikasi 5 yang dipantau diketahui  bahwa aplikasi Michat Lite dan Bigo Live memiliki risiko Extreme Risk  dengan poin 45 %, pada aplikasi Rolling Scrooll, Flying Sketboard diketahui High Risk risiko tinggi dengan point 25%, sedangkan aplikasi Crash Car Engine memiliki tingkat keamanan Moderate Risk dengan risiko yang sedang dengan  point 20%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah aplikasi yang diinstal dari pihak ketiga memiliki tingkat ancaman yang lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan aplikasi resmi yang ada pada Playstore
Measurement report: Diurnal variations of brown carbon during two distinct seasons in a megacity in northeast China
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Cao Xu-bing , Liu Jiu-meng , Zhong Ying-jie , Yu Qin-qin , Zhang Qiang , He Ke-bin
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Brown carbon (BrC) represents an important target for the “win-win”
strategy of mitigating climate change and improving air quality. However,
estimating co-benefits of BrC control remains difficult for China, partially
because current measurement results are insufficient to represent the highly
variable emission sources and meteorological conditions across different
regions. In this study, we investigated, for the first time, the diurnal
variations of BrC during two distinct seasons in a megacity in northeast
China. The winter campaign conducted in January 2021 was characterized by
low temperatures rarely seen in other Chinese megacities (down to about −20 ∘C). The mass absorption efficiencies of BrC at 365 nm
(MAE365) were found to be ∼ 10 % higher at night. The
variations of MAE365 could not be explained by the influence of
residential biomass burning emissions or secondary aerosol formation but
were strongly associated with the changes of a diagnostic ratio for the
relative importance of coal combustion and vehicle emissions (RS/N).
Given that most coal combustion activities were uninterruptible, the higher
nighttime MAE365 in winter were attributed primarily to increased
emissions from heavy-duty diesel trucks. The spring campaign conducted in
April 2021 was characterized by frequent occurrences of agricultural
fires, as supported by the intensive fire hotspots detected around Harbin
and the more-than-doubled ratios of levoglucosan to organic carbon (LG/OC)
compared to the winter campaign. In spring, the MAE365 depended little on
RS/N but exhibited a strong positive correlation with LG/OC, suggesting
open burning emissions as the dominant influencing factor for BrC's light
absorption capacity. MAE365 were ∼ 70 % higher at night
for the spring campaign, pointing to the prevalence of nighttime
agricultural fires, which were presumably in response to local bans on open
burning. It is noteworthy that the agricultural-fire emissions resulted in
a distinct peak at ∼ 365 nm for the light absorption spectra of
BrC, and candidates for the compounds at play were inferred to be aromatic
species with nitro-functional groups. The presence of the ∼ 365 nm peak complicated the determination of absorption Ångström
exponents for the agricultural-fire-impacted samples. In addition, the
∼ 365 nm peak became much less significant during the day,
likely due to photobleaching of the relevant chromophores.
Background nitrogen dioxide (NO2) over the United States and its implications for satellite observations and trends: effects of nitrate photolysis, aircraft, and open fires
Authors: Dang Ruijun , Jacob Daniel J. , Shah Viral , Eastham Sebastian D. , Fritz Thibaud M. , Mickley Loretta J. , Liu Tianjia , Wang Yi , Wang Jun
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) measured from
satellites has been widely used to track anthropogenic NOx emissions,
but its retrieval and interpretation can be complicated by the free tropospheric NO2 background to which satellite measurements are
particularly sensitive. Tropospheric NO2 vertical column densities
(VCDs) from the spaceborne Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) averaged over the contiguous US
(CONUS) show no trend after 2009, despite sustained decreases in
anthropogenic NOx emissions, implying an important and rising
contribution from the free tropospheric background. Here, we use the
GEOS-Chem chemical transport model applied to the simulation of OMI NO2
to better understand the sources and trends of background NO2 over
CONUS. The previous model underestimate of the background is largely corrected
by the consideration of aerosol nitrate photolysis, which increases the
model NO2 VCDs by 13 % on an annual basis (25 % in spring) and
also increases the air mass factor (AMF) to convert the tropospheric slant
column densities (SCDs) inferred from the OMI spectra into VCDs by 7 % on
an annual basis (11 % in spring). The increase in the AMF decreases the
retrieved NO2 VCDs in the satellite observations, contributing to the
improved agreement with the model. Accounting for the 2009–2017 increase in
aircraft NOx emissions drives only a 1.4 % mean increase in NO2
VCDs over CONUS and a 2 % increase in the AMF, but the combination of
decreasing surface NOx emissions and increasing aircraft emissions is
expected to drive a 14 % increase in the AMF over the next decade that
will be necessary to account for in the interpretation of satellite NO2
trends. Fire smoke identification with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hazard Mapping System (HMS)
indicates that wildfires contribute 1 %–8 % of OMI NO2 VCDs over the
western US in June–September and that this contribution has been increasing
since 2009, contributing to the flattening of OMI NO2 trends. Future
analyses of NO2 trends from satellite data to infer trends in surface
NOx emissions must critically consider the effects of a rising free tropospheric background due to increasing emissions from aircraft, fires,
and possibly lightning.
Using Machine Learning to drive social learning in a Covid-19 Agent-Based Model
Authors: Augustijn Ellen-Wien , Aguilar Bolivar Rosa , Abdulkareem Shaheen
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Disease transmission and governmental interventions influence the spread of Covid-19. Models can be essential tools to optimise these governmental interventions. This requires the exploration of various ways to implement government agent behaviour. In Agent-Based Models (ABMs), government agent behaviour can be rule-based or data-driven, and the agent can be an isolated learner (using only its own data) or a social learner. We explore the creation of a data-driven social approach in which behaviour is based on a Machine Learning (ML) algorithm, and the government considers data from other European countries as input for their decision-making. Governmental actions start with risk perception, based on several parameters, e.g. the number of disease cases, deaths, and hospitalisation rate. The interventions are measured via the stringency index, measuring the simultaneous number of interventions (working from home, wearing a facemask, closing schools, etc.) taken. We test four machine learning algorithms (Bayesian Network (BN), c4.5, Naïve Bayes (NB) and Random Forest (RF)), using a 5-class and a 3-class classification of the stringency level. The algorithms are trained on disease data from many European countries. The best-performing algorithms were c4.5 and RF. The next step is to implement these algorithms into the ABM and evaluate the outcomes compared to the original model.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the dynamics of topics in urban green space
Authors: Cui Nan , Malleson Nick , Houlden Vikki , Comber Alexis
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Urban residents’ daily lives have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in various aspects such as social, leisure, and physical activities. Fortunately, urban green spaces (UGSs) have become a main outdoor destination, due to the policies encouraging people to visit UGS and keeping them open. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on topics discussed on social media by UGS visitors over space and time. Data was collected from geo-referenced Tweets across London in spring 2019, 2020, and 2021. Structural Topic Modelling (STM) was used to identify UGS topics and describe the dynamics of topic proportions. The inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation method was used to explore spatial distributions of all topics. The study identified seven main types of UGS topics over all study periods, with topics such as Lockdown and exercise and Social and friends showing a decreasing trend in topic proportions, indicating that visitors' outdoor activities were restricted. The study not only identifies the main types of topics in UGS during the COVID-19 pandemic period but also reflects people’s attitudes and perceptions towards restriction measures, which can provide guidance for future urban policies, especially during crises.
Satellite parking: a new method for measuring parking occupancy
Authors: Stopic Renato , Dias Eduardo , de Kleijn Maurice , Koomen Eric
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Parking management plays a critical role in keeping urban spaces accessible and urban managers strive for an optimal balance between not enough and too much parking. Deciding which parking space can be liberated or needs to be extended requires detailed data on parking occupancy trends. In person inspection and in-situ sensors can provide such data but are too costly for city wide deployment. High-resolution satellite imagery is becoming more affordable, has the advantage of instantaneously collecting information from the whole city, is continuously being updated, and available for several years now to allow building a time series. Yet, identifying cars in satellite imagery is not a trivial task. We propose a method for classifying parking spot occupancy based on thresholding the reflectance range. The method requires individual parking spot data to be available and analyses each parking zone individually. We tested the method on a 0.5 metre resolution image (Pleiades satellite) that was specifically ordered for this purpose during a clear spring day in a medium-size city. The method has the advantage of not requiring extensive training data and is non-parametric. To assess accuracy, we collected ground truth data for the exact same moment as the image was ordered. The colour bands (blue, green, and red) performed equally well, while NIR seriously underperformed. We achieved a F1 score of 0.82 for all parking spots in the ground truth. The method is sensitive to tree canopy. When removing the tree obscured spots, the F1 score increased to 0.85. Tree canopy spots were automatically determined and filtered using NDVI.
Cloud mask algorithm from the EarthCARE Multi-Spectral Imager: the M-CM products
Authors: Hünerbein Anja , Bley Sebastian , Horn Stefan , Deneke Hartwig , Walther Andi
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The EarthCARE (Earth Clouds, Aerosols and Radiation Explorer) satellite mission will provide new insights into aerosol–cloud–radiation interactions by means of synergistic observations of the Earth's atmosphere from a collection of active and passive remote sensing instruments, flying on a single satellite platform. The Multi-Spectral Imager (MSI) will provide visible and infrared images in the cross-track direction with a 150 km swath and a pixel sampling at 500 m. The suite of MSI cloud algorithms will deliver cloud macro- and microphysical properties complementary to the vertical profiles measured from the Atmospheric Lidar (ATLID) and the Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) instruments. This paper provides an overview of the MSI cloud mask algorithm (M-CM) being developed to derive the cloud flag, cloud phase and cloud type products, which are essential inputs to downstream EarthCARE algorithms providing cloud optical and physical properties (M-COP) and aerosol optical properties (M-AOT). The MSI cloud mask algorithm has been applied to simulated test data from the EarthCARE end-to-end simulator and satellite data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) as well as from the Spinning Enhanced Visible InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI). Verification of the MSI cloud mask algorithm to the simulated test data and the official cloud products from SEVIRI and MODIS demonstrates a good performance of the algorithm. Some discrepancies are found, however, for the detection of thin cirrus clouds over bright surfaces like desert or snow. This will be improved by tuning of the thresholds once real observations are available.
The crustal structure of the Lomgmenshan fault zone and its implications for seismogenesis: New insight from aeromagnetic and gravity data
Authors: Yang Hai , Xiong Shengqing , Liu Qiankun , Li Fang , Jia Zhiye , Yang Xue , Yan Haofei , Li Zhaoliang
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Although many geophysical models have been proposed in the Longmenshan fault zone (LFZ) and its surrounding areas, the deep structure of the seismic gap and its constraint of the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes remain uncertain. Based on the compiled aeromagnetic data and Bouguer gravity data, we have tried to create a more detailed and visible magnetic and density model beneath the LFZ using 2D forward modeling and 3D inversion. The research shows that structure heterogeneities are widely distributed beneath the LFZ. The earthquake epicenters show high magnetic anomalies and the edge of high Bouguer gravity anomalies that consist of rigid blocks where apt to accumulate stress. However, the seismic gap shows low magnetic anomalies and transition of Bouguer gravity anomalies related to a weak zone. The Sichuan Basin has two NE-trending banded high magnetic blocks extending beneath the LFZ that firmly support the crust of the Sichuan Basin was downward subduction toward the LFZ. More importantly, the basement subducts to approximately 33 km west of the Wenchuan-Maoxian fault with a low dip angle beneath the middle segment of the LFZ, whereas the distance decreases to approximately 17 and 19 km under the southern segment. Thus, the crust of the Sichuan Basin beneath the middle segment extends farther than that beneath the southern segment with the seismic gap as the transition zone. Therefore, we propose that the structural heterogeneity of the basement on the western margin of the Sichuan Basin may be the main reason for the different focal mechanisms and geodynamics of the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes.
A rise in subweekly temperature variability over Southern Hemisphere landmasses detected in multiple reanalyses
Authors: Martineau Patrick , Behera Swadhin , Nonaka Masami , Nakamura Hisashi , Kosaka Yu
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The inter-dataset agreement of trends in subweekly near-surface (850 hPa) temperature variability over Southern Hemisphere midlatitude land masses is assessed among twelve global atmospheric reanalysis datasets. First, a comparison of the climatological temperature variance and dominant sources and sinks of variance reveals that, except for NCEP-NCAR (R1) and NCEP-DOE (R2), there is a relatively good agreement for both their magnitudes and spatial distributions over the satellite era (1980–2022), which indicates that the key features of subweekly variability are sufficiently well represented. Concerning trends, there is a good agreement for the positive trends in subweekly variability over the satellite era affecting South Africa in September-October-November (SON) and Southern America in December-January-February (DJF). Although most reanalyses agree concerning the positive trend affecting Australia in SON, it has not yet emerged from the noise associated with interannual variability when considering only the satellite era. It is significant, however, when the period is extended (1954–2022) or the most recent decades (1990–2022). The trends are explained primarily by a more efficient generation of subweekly temperature variance by horizontal temperature advection. This generation is also identified as a source of bias among the datasets. The trends are found to be reproduced even in those reanalyses that do not assimilate satellite data (JRA-55C) or that assimilate surface observations only (ERA-20C, 20CRv2c, and 20CRv3).
Spatiotemporally resolved emissions and concentrations of Styrene, Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes (SBTEX) in the U.S. Gulf region
Authors: Wang Chi-Tsan , Baek Bok H. , Vizuete William , Xing Jia , Green Jaime , Serre Marc , Strott Richard , Engel Lawrence S. , Bowden Jared , Woo Jung-Hun
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Styrene, Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes (SBTEX) are established neurotoxicants. These SBTEX are hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and released from the petrochemical industry, combustion process, transport emission, and solvent usage sources. Although several SBTEX toxic assessment studies have been conducted, they have mainly relied on ambient measurements to estimate exposure and limiting their scope to specific locations and observational periods. To overcome these spatiotemporal limitations, an air quality modeling system over the U.S. Gulf region was created predicting the the spatially and temporally enhanced SBTEX modeling concentrations from May to September 2012. Due to the incompleteness of SBTEX in the official US EPA National Emission Inventory (NEI), Hazardous Air Pollutions Imputation (HAPI) program was used to identify and estimate the missing HAPs emissions. The improved emission data was processed to generate the chemically-speciated hourly gridded emission inputs for the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx) chemical transport model to simulate the SBTEX concentrations over the Gulf modeling region. SBTEX pollutants were modeled using a "Reactive Tracer" feature in CAMx that accounts for their chemical and physical processes in the atmosphere. The data shows that the major SBTEX emissions in this region are contributed by mobile emission (45 %), wildfire (30 %), and industry (26 %). Most SBTEX emissions are emitted during daytime hours (local time 14:00–17:00), and the emission rate in the model domain is about 20 – 40 t hr-1, which is about 4 times higher than that in the night-time (local time 24:00 – 4:00, about 4 – 10 t hr-1). High concentrations of SBTEX (above 1 ppb) occurred near the cities close to the I-10 interstate highway (Houston, Beaumont, Lake Charles, Lafayette, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, and Mobile) and other metropolitan cities (Shreveport and Dallas). High Styrene concentrations were co-located with industrial sources, which contribute the most to the Styrene emissions. The HAPI program successfully estimated missing emissions of Styrene from the chemical industry. The change increased total Styrene emissions was increased by 22 % resulting in maximum ambient concentrations increasing from 0.035 ppb to 1.75 ppb across the model domain. The predicted SBTEX concentrations with imputed emissions present good agreement with observational data, with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.75 (0.46 to 0.77 for individual SBTEX species) and normalized mean bias (NMB) of -5.6 % (-24.9 % to 32.1 % for individual SBTEX species), suggesting their value for supporting any SBTEX-related human health studies in the Gulf region.
Short communication: Synchrotron-based elemental mapping of single grains to investigate variable infrared-radiofluorescence emissions for luminescence dating
Authors: Sontag-González Mariana , Kumar Raju , Schwenninger Jean-Luc , Thieme Juergen , Kreutzer Sebastian , Frouin Marine
Published: June 2023

Abstract. During ionising irradiation, potassium (K)-rich feldspar grains emit infrared (IR) light, which is used for infrared-radiofluorescence (IR-RF) dating. The late-saturating IR-RF emission centred at ~880 nm represents a promising tool to date Quaternary sediments. However, in the present work, we report the presence of individual grains of K-feldspar displaying an aberrant IR-RF signal shape, whose combined intensity contaminates the sum signal of an aliquot composed of dozens of grains. Our experiments were carried out at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS-II) on coarse (> 90 µm) K-feldspar grains of five samples of different ages, nature and origin in order to characterise the composition of grains yielding the desired or contaminated IR-RF emission. Using micro-X-ray-fluorescence (µXRF), we successfully acquired element distribution maps of fifteen elements (<1 µm resolution) of the surface of grains previously used for luminescence dating. In keeping with current theories of IR-RF signal production, we observed a correlation between the relative proportions of Pb and Fe and the shape of the luminescence signal: most grains with the desired IR-RF signal shape had high Pb and low Fe contents. Interestingly, these grains were also defined by high Ba and low Ca contents. Additionally, this study represents a proof-of-concept for mapping the oxidation states of Fe-ions using micro-X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (µXANES) on individual grains. The high spatial resolution enabled by synchrotron spectroscopy makes it a powerful tool for future experiments to elucidate long-standing issues concerning the nature and type of defect(s) associated with the main dosimetric trap in feldspar.