bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stretch-Induced Activation of Pannexin 1 Channels Can Be Prevented by PKA-Dependent Phosphorylation
Authors: López Ximena , Escamilla Rosalba , Fernández Paola , Duarte Yorley , González-Nilo Fernando , Palacios-Prado Nicolás , Martinez Agustín D. , Sáez Juan C.
Published: December 2020

Pannexin 1 channels located in the cell membrane are permeable to ions, metabolites, and signaling molecules. While the activity of these channels is known to be modulated by phosphorylation on T198, T308, and S206, the possible involvement of other putative phosphorylation sites remains unknown. Here, we describe that the activity of Panx1 channels induced by mechanical stretch is reduced by adenosine via a PKA-dependent pathway. The mechanical stretch-induced activity—measured by changes in DAPI uptake—of Panx1 channels expressed in HeLa cell transfectants was inhibited by adenosine or cAMP analogs that permeate the cell membrane. Moreover, inhibition of PKA but not PKC, p38 MAPK, Akt, or PKG prevented the effects of cAMP analogs, suggesting the involvement of Panx1 phosphorylation by PKA. Accordingly, alanine substitution of T302 or S328, two putative PKA phosphorylation sites, prevented the inhibitory effect of cAMP analogs. Moreover, phosphomimetic mutation of either T302 or S328 to aspartate prevented the mechanical stretch-induced activation of Panx1 channels. A molecular dynamics simulation revealed that T302 and S328 are located in the water–lipid interphase near the lateral tunnel of the intracellular region, suggesting that their phosphorylation could promote conformational changes in lateral tunnels. Thus, Panx1 phosphorylation via PKA could be modulated by G protein-coupled receptors associated with the Gs subunit.
Engineering Bacterial Cellulose by Synthetic Biology
Authors: Singh Amritpal , Walker Kenneth T. , Ledesma-Amaro Rodrigo , Ellis Tom
Published: December 2020

Synthetic biology is an advanced form of genetic manipulation that applies the principles of modularity and engineering design to reprogram cells by changing their DNA. Over the last decade, synthetic biology has begun to be applied to bacteria that naturally produce biomaterials, in order to boost material production, change material properties and to add new functionalities to the resulting material. Recent work has used synthetic biology to engineer several Komagataeibacter strains; bacteria that naturally secrete large amounts of the versatile and promising material bacterial cellulose (BC). In this review, we summarize how genetic engineering, metabolic engineering and now synthetic biology have been used in Komagataeibacter strains to alter BC, improve its production and begin to add new functionalities into this easy-to-grow material. As well as describing the milestone advances, we also look forward to what will come next from engineering bacterial cellulose by synthetic biology.
Mechanistic Insights into the Role of Molecular Chaperones in Protein Misfolding Diseases: From Molecular Recognition to Amyloid Disassembly
Authors: Hervás Rubén , Oroz Javier
Published: December 2020

Age-dependent alterations in the proteostasis network are crucial in the progress of prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which are characterized by the presence of insoluble protein deposits in degenerating neurons. Because molecular chaperones deter misfolded protein aggregation, regulate functional phase separation, and even dissolve noxious aggregates, they are considered major sentinels impeding the molecular processes that lead to cell damage in the course of these diseases. Indeed, members of the chaperome, such as molecular chaperones and co-chaperones, are increasingly recognized as therapeutic targets for the development of treatments against degenerative proteinopathies. Chaperones must recognize diverse toxic clients of different orders (soluble proteins, biomolecular condensates, organized protein aggregates). It is therefore critical to understand the basis of the selective chaperone recognition to discern the mechanisms of action of chaperones in protein conformational diseases. This review aimed to define the selective interplay between chaperones and toxic client proteins and the basis for the protective role of these interactions. The presence and availability of chaperone recognition motifs in soluble proteins and in insoluble aggregates, both functional and pathogenic, are discussed. Finally, the formation of aberrant (pro-toxic) chaperone complexes will also be disclosed.
Post-Translational Modifications of Circulating Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Protein
Authors: Lechowicz Urszula , Rudzinski Stefan , Jezela-Stanek Aleksandra , Janciauskiene Sabina , Chorostowska-Wynimko Joanna
Published: December 2020

Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), an acute-phase protein encoded by the SERPINA1 gene, is a member of the serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) superfamily. Its primary function is to protect tissues from enzymes released during inflammation, such as neutrophil elastase and proteinase 3. In addition to its antiprotease activity, AAT interacts with numerous other substances and has various functions, mainly arising from the conformational flexibility of normal variants of AAT. Therefore, AAT has diverse biological functions and plays a role in various pathophysiological processes. This review discusses major molecular forms of AAT, including complex, cleaved, glycosylated, oxidized, and S-nitrosylated forms, in terms of their origin and function.
The 3D Pattern of the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Enterocytes and Intestinal Stem Cells
Authors: Verdile Nicole , Pasquariello Rolando , Brevini Tiziana A. L. , Gandolfi Fulvio
Published: December 2020

We previously showed that, according to the frequency and distribution of specific cell types, the rainbow trout (RT) intestinal mucosa can be divided in two regions that form a complex nonlinear three-dimensional (3D) pattern and have a different renewal rate. This work had two aims. First, we investigated whether the unusual distribution of cell populations reflects a similar distribution of functional activities. To this end, we determined the protein expression pattern of three well-defined enterocytes functional markers: peptide transporter 1 (PepT1), sodium–glucose/galactose transporter 1 (SGLT-1), and fatty-acid-binding protein 2 (Fabp2). Second, we characterized the structure of RT intestinal stem-cell (ISC) niche and determined whether the different proliferative is accompanied by a different organization and/or extension of the stem-cell population. We studied the expression and localization of well-characterized mammal ISC markers: LGR5, HOPX, SOX9, NOTCH1, DLL1, and WNT3A. Our results indicate that morphological similarity is associated with similar function only between the first portion of the mid-intestine and the apical part of the complex folds in the second portion. Mammal ISC markers are all expressed in RT, but their localization is completely different, suggesting also substantial functional differences. Lastly, higher renewal rates are supported by a more abundant ISC population.
Redox-Dependent Structural Modification of Nucleoredoxin Triggers Defense Responses against Alternaria brassicicola in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kang Chang Ho , Park Joung Hun , Lee Eun Seon , Paeng Seol Ki , Chae Ho Byoung , Hong Jong Chan , Lee Sang Yeol
Published: December 2020

In plants, thioredoxin (TRX) family proteins participate in various biological processes by regulating the oxidative stress response. However, their role in phytohormone signaling remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the functions of TRX proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) experiments revealed that the expression of ARABIDOPSIS NUCLEOREDOXIN 1 (AtNRX1) is specifically induced by the application of jasmonic acid (JA) and upon inoculation with a necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Alternaria brassicicola. The AtNRX1 protein usually exists as a low molecular weight (LMW) monomer and functions as a reductase, but under oxidative stress AtNRX1 transforms into polymeric forms. However, the AtNRX1M3 mutant protein, harboring four cysteine-to-serine substitutions in the TRX domain, did not show structural modification under oxidative stress. The Arabidopsisatnrx1 null mutant showed greater resistance to A. brassicicola than wild-type plants. In addition, plants overexpressing both AtNRX1 and AtNRX1M3 were susceptible to A. brassicicola infection. Together, these findings suggest that AtNRX1 normally suppresses the expression of defense-responsive genes, as if it were a safety pin, but functions as a molecular sensor through its redox-dependent structural modification to induce disease resistance in plants.
The Needle in the Haystack—Searching for Genetic and Epigenetic Differences in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Grunert Marcel , Appelt Sandra , Grossfeld Paul , Sperling Silke R.
Published: December 2020

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common birth defect in human with an incidence of almost 1% of all live births. Most cases have a multifactorial origin with both genetics and the environment playing a role in its development and progression. Adding an epigenetic component to this aspect is exemplified by monozygotic twins which share the same genetic background but have a different disease status. As a result, the interplay between the genetic, epigenetic and the environmental conditions might contribute to the etiology and phenotype. To date, the underlying causes of the majority of CHDs remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed genome-wide high-throughput sequencing to examine the genetic, structural genomic and epigenetic differences of two identical twin pairs discordant for Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), representing the most common cyanotic form of CHDs. Our results show the almost identical genetic and structural genomic identity of the twins. In contrast, several epigenetic alterations could be observed given by DNA methylation changes in regulatory regions of known cardiac-relevant genes. Overall, this study provides first insights into the impact of genetic and especially epigenetic factors underlying monozygotic twins discordant for CHD like TOF.
Effect of Autologous Serum Eyedrops on Ocular Surface Disease Caused by Preserved Glaucoma Eyedrops
Authors: So Ha-Rim , Park Hae Young Lopilly , Chung So-Hyang , Kim Hyun-Seung , Byun Yong-Soo
Published: December 2020

Autologous serum eyedrops (ASE) are effective in treating various ocular surface diseases, including damages induced by long-term use of preserved glaucoma eyedrops. However, there has been no study on whether ASE is effective without stopping the causative eyedrops. This retrospective observational study included 55 patients with ocular-surface diseases caused by long-term use of preserved glaucoma eyedrops: 18 patients who used ASEs for 2 months without discontinuing the use of glaucoma eyedrops (Group 1), 22 patients who used ASEs for 2 months, discontinuing the use of glaucoma eyedrops for the first month (Group 2) and 15 patients who used non-preservative artificial tears for 2 months, discontinuing the use of glaucoma eyedrops for the first month (Group 3). There were no intergroup differences in the baseline values of the Schirmer I test results, tear breakup time (TBUT), ocular surface staining (OSS) score, loss of the meibomian gland, meibum quality and ocular-surface disease index (OSDI). Group 1 showed significant differences in TBUT, OSS score and OSDI at 2 months when compared to the baseline values before treatment, while Group 2 showed significant differences in those values at both 1 and 2 months. There were no differences in any of the parameters at baseline, 1 month or 2 months in Group 3. Our result suggested that ASE is effective for treating ocular surface diseases caused by glaucoma eyedrops containing preservatives and its effects can be expected without interruption of glaucoma eyedrop treatment.
Differentiation of Traumatic Osteoporotic and Non-Osteoporotic Vertebral AO A3 Fractures by Analyzing the Posterior Edge Morphology—A Retrospective Feasibility Study
Authors: Vordemvenne Thomas , Wähnert Dirk , Klingebiel Sebastian , Lohmaier Jens , Hartensuer René , Raschke Michael J. , Roßlenbroich Steffen
Published: December 2020

Background: Differentiation between traumatic osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic vertebral fractures is crucial for optimal therapy planning. We postulated that the morphology of the posterior edge of the cranial fragment of A3 vertebral fractures is different in these entities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop and validate a simple method to differentiate between osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic A3 vertebral fractures by morphological analysis. Methods: A total of 86 computer tomography scans of AO Type A3 (cranial burst) vertebral body fractures (52 non-osteoporotic, 34 osteoporotic) were included in this retrospective study. Posterior edge morphology was analyzed using the sagittal paramedian slice with the most prominent shaped bulging. Later, the degree of bulging of the posterior edge fragment was quantified using a geometric approach. Additionally, the Hounsfield units of the broken vertebral body, the vertebra above, and the vertebra below the fracture were measured. Results: We found significant differences in the extent of bulging comparing osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic fractures in our cohort. Using the presented method, sensitivity was 100%, specificity was 96%. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 94%. In contrast, by evaluating the Hounsfield units, sensitivity was 94%, specificity 94% and the PPV was 91%. Conclusions: Our method of analysis of the bulging of the dorsal edge fragment in traumatic cranial burst fractures cases allows, in our cases, a simple and valid differentiation between osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic fractures. Further validation in a larger sample, including dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements, is necessary.
Clinical Significance of ARID1A and ANXA1 in HER-2 Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Silva-Oliveira Rita , Pereira Filipa Ferreira , Petronilho Sara , Martins Ana Teresa , Lameirinhas Ana , Constâncio Vera , Caldas-Ribeiro Inês , Salta Sofia , Lopes Paula , Antunes Luís , Castro Fernando , de Sousa Susana Palma , Henrique Rui , Jerónimo Carmen
Published: December 2020

Background: trastuzumab is considered the standard of care for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2+) breast cancer patients. Regardless of the benefits of its use, many early-stage patients eventually recur, and usually, the disease progresses within a year. Since about half of the HER-2+ patients do not respond to trastuzumab, new biomarkers of prognosis and prediction are warranted to allow a better patient stratification. Annexin A1 (ANXA1) was previously reported to contribute to trastuzumab resistance through AKT activation. An association between adenine thymine-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) loss and ANXA1 upregulation was also previously suggested by others. Methods: in this study, we examined tissue samples from 215 HER-2+ breast cancer patients to investigate the value of ARID1A and ANXA1 protein levels in trastuzumab response prediction and patient outcome. Expression of ARID1A and ANXA1 were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: contrary to what was expected, no inverse association was found between ARID1A and ANXA1 expression. HER-2+ (non-luminal) tumours displayed higher ANXA1 expression than luminal B-like (HER-2+) tumours. Concerning trastuzumab resistance, ARID1A and ANXA1 proteins did not demonstrate predictive value as biomarkers. Nevertheless, an association was depicted between ANXA1 expression and breast cancer mortality and relapse. Conclusions: overall, our results suggest that ANXA1 may be a useful prognostic marker in HER-2+ patients. Additionally, its ability to discriminate between HER-2+ (non-luminal) and luminal B-like (HER-2+) patients might assist in patient stratification regarding treatment strategy.
Experimental and Numerical Study of the Hydroelastic Response of a River-Sea-Going Container Ship
Authors: Wang Yiwen , Wu Weiguo , Soares C. Guedes
Published: December 2020

The hydroelastic behaviour of a river-sea-going ship hull is analysed experimentally and numerically. A segmented ship model connected by a steel backbone is tested in regular waves, and its high-frequency vibrations such as springing and whipping responses are identified. The hydroelastic response of the ship is numerically calculated using a hydroelastic time domain method based on strip theory, which is extended to include an improved model of the slamming load. The slamming forces in the bow section are determined using the Modified Longvinovich Model (MLM) instead of the Von Karman model. The vertical motions and wave-induced loads are calculated and compared with the experimental results. The response amplitude operators of the vertical loads and the high-order harmonics are analysed under different speeds, showing good agreement with the experiments. The slamming loads on the bow section of a river-to-sea ship are predicted utilizing the MLM model and compared with the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian algorithm by LS-DYNA and with the measured results.
Communication as a Part of Identity of Sustainable Subjects in Fashion
Authors: Kusá Alena , Urmínová Marianna
Published: December 2020

Sustainability and corporate social responsibility have today become key assets of many successful businesses and corporations. Despite constantly growing environmental awareness, we are still facing the issue of overconsumption in both the textile and fashion industries. This is mainly due to improper marketing communication of sustainable subjects or a rather low level of consumers’ awareness of sustainability issues. The main objective of the research is, through the opinions of selected authors and their studies, to compare the results of our own research focusing on Generations Y and Z and dealing with marketing communication of sustainable fashion. As part of the above objective, we attempt to propose the general trend in marketing communication of sustainable subjects. In order to reach this objective, we use the method of description and comparison of opinions of various authors, the analysis of the research questionnaire into the impact of marketing communication of sustainable fashion houses on consumers from Generations Y and Z and its comparison with previous research for the last three years. Thanks to the results of the research, we could observe that tools, media or forms of marketing communication of sustainable fashion producers have certainly changed. The research also provides answers to some of our questions in relation to the general interest of consumers in fashion sustainability, price as a decisive factor in the purchase of sustainable goods and the need for proper education in the field of sustainable fashion or any corresponding forms of marketing communication of sustainable subjects.
Mapping of the Land Cover Changes in High Mountains of Western Carpathians between 1990–2018: Case Study of the Low Tatras National Park (Slovakia)
Authors: Žoncová Michaela , Hronček Pavel , Gregorová Bohuslava
Published: December 2020

At present, the protection of nature and landscape in the high mountains of the Western Carpathians, protected as national parks, is becoming increasingly at the forefront of society’s interests in connection with the development of their economic use and the development of mass tourism. Our research was focused on analyzing the extent and character of land cover changes in the Low Tatras National Park in Slovakia over the last 30 years (1990–2018) using CORINE land cover (CLC) data. The period captures almost the entire existence of the Slovak Republic. Therefore, it was possible to evaluate the landscape changes in the protected area and to identify barriers and possibilities of its long-term sustainable development. Based on computer modeling, the main areas of the land cover changes were identified, and on the basis of historical-geographical and field research, land cover flows were determined and justified in the studied landscape of the national park. Changes were monitored using three methods: by comparing CLC maps over the years, by analyzing land cover flows, and by comparing landscape metrics obtained through the PatchAnalyst. Land cover changes occurred on up to 20% of the national park area in the given period. The most significant change was observed in the CLC class coniferous forests, with almost a 12% decrease. Conversely, there was an increase of more than 11% in the CLC class transitional woodland-shrub.
Controllability of Nonlinear Fractional Dynamical Systems with a Mittag–Leffler Kernel
Authors: Sheng Jiale , Jiang Wei , Pang Denghao , Wang Sen
Published: December 2020

This paper is concerned with controllability of nonlinear fractional dynamical systems with a Mittag–Leffler kernel. First, the solution of fractional dynamical systems with a Mittag–Leffler kernel is given by Laplace transform. In addition, one necessary and sufficient condition for controllability of linear fractional dynamical systems with Mittag–Leffler kernel is established. On this basis, we obtain one sufficient condition to guarantee controllability of nonlinear fractional dynamical systems with a Mittag–Leffler kernel by fixed point theorem. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the applicability of our results.
Using Deep Learning for Visual Navigation of Drone with Respect to 3D Ground Objects
Authors: Kupervasser Oleg , Kutomanov Hennadii , Levi Ori , Pukshansky Vladislav , Yavich Roman
Published: December 2020

In the paper, visual navigation of a drone is considered. The drone navigation problem consists of two parts. The first part is finding the real position and orientation of the drone. The second part is finding the difference between desirable and real position and orientation of the drone and creation of the correspondent control signal for decreasing the difference. For the first part of the drone navigation problem, the paper presents a method for determining the coordinates of the drone camera with respect to known three-dimensional (3D) ground objects using deep learning. The algorithm has two stages. It causes the algorithm to be easy for interpretation by artificial neural network (ANN) and consequently increases its accuracy. At the first stage, we use the first ANN to find coordinates of the object origin projection. At the second stage, we use the second ANN to find the drone camera position and orientation. The algorithm has high accuracy (these errors were found for the validation set of images as differences between positions and orientations, obtained from a pretrained artificial neural network, and known positions and orientations), it is not sensitive to interference associated with changes in lighting, the appearance of external moving objects and the other phenomena where other methods of visual navigation are not effective. For the second part of the drone navigation problem, the paper presents a method for stabilization of drone flight controlled by autopilot with time delay. Indeed, image processing for navigation demands a lot of time and results in a time delay. However, the proposed method allows to get stable control in the presence of this time delay.
A Failure Mode Assessment Model Based on Neutrosophic Logic for Switched-Mode Power Supply Risk Analysis
Authors: Liou James J. H. , Liu Perry C. Y. , Lo Huai-Wei
Published: December 2020

Reducing the potential risks in the manufacturing process to improve the reliability of the switched-mode power supply (SMPS) is a critical issue for the users’ safety. This paper proposes a novel failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) model based on hybrid multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM), which adopts neutrosophic set theory into the proposed model. A developed neutrosophic Best Worst method (NBWM) is used to evaluate the weights of risk factors and determine their importance. Secondly, the neutrosophic Weight Aggregated Sum Product Assessments (NWASPAS) method is utilized to calculate the Risk Priority Number (RPN) of the failure modes. The proposed model improves the shortcomings of traditional FMEA and improves the practical applicability and effectiveness of the Best Worst method (BWM) and Weight Aggregated Sum Product Assessments (WASPAS) methods. In addition, this study uses neutrosophic logic to reflect the true judgments of experts in the assessment, which considers authenticity, deviation, and uncertainty to obtain more reliable information. Finally, an empirical case study from an SMPS company headquartered in Taiwan demonstrates the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed model. In addition, by comparing with two other FMEA models, the results show that the proposed model can more clearly reflect the true and effective risks in the assessment. The results can effectively help power supply manufacturers to assess risk factors and determine key failure modes.
Effect of the Substrate Biasing on the Structure and Properties of Tantalum Coatings Deposited Using HiPIMS in Deep Oscillations Magnetron Sputtering Mode
Authors: Ferreira Fábio , Cavaleiro Albano , Oliveira João
Published: December 2020

The influence of energetic ion bombardment on the properties of tantalum coatings was studied. To achieve such energetic ion bombardment during the deposition process of tantalum coatings, a combination of deep oscillation magnetron sputtering (DOMS), an ionized physical vapour deposition technique, with substrate biasing was used. The substrate biasing was varied between 0 and −120 V. In this work, the structure (XRD), microstructure (SEM), surface morphology (AFM) and hardness, and Young’s modulus (nanoindentation) of the coatings were characterized. The results show with the use of such conditions it was possible to deposit a pure α-Ta (the most desired at industrial level) with improved mechanical properties (hardness equal to 22.4 GPa and Young’s modulus equal to 235 GPa). The roughness of the Ta coatings decreases up to values of about 1 nm with an increase of substrate biasing. It was possible to deposit very dense Ta coatings with 2 µm of thickness. Therefore, these results are significantly different than in previous works, offering Ta coatings with a combination of very interesting properties.
Biogeography and Environmental Drivers of Legionella pneumophila Abundance and Genotype Composition across the West Bank: Relevance of a Genotype-Based Ecology for Understanding Legionella Occurrence
Authors: Zayed Ashraf R. , Butmeh Suha , Pecellin Marina , Salah Alaa , Alalam Hanna , Steinert Michael , Höfle Manfred G. , Bitar Dina M. , Brettar Ingrid
Published: December 2020

The West Bank can be considered as a high-risk area for Legionella prevalence in drinking water due to high ambient temperature, intermittent water supply, frequent pressure loss, and storage of drinking water in roof containers. To assess occurrence of Legionella species, especially L. pneumophila, in the drinking water of the West Bank, the drinking water distribution systems of eight hospitals were sampled over a period of 2.3 years covering the seasonal cycle and the major geographic regions. To gain insight into potential environmental drivers, a set of physico-chemical and microbiological parameters was recorded. Sampling included drinking water and biofilm analyzed by culture and PCR-based methods. Cultivation led to the isolation of 180 strains of L. pneumophila that were genotyped by Multi-Locus Variable Number of Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA). Surprisingly, the abundance of culturable L. pneumophila was low in drinking water of the sampling sites, with only three out of eight sites where Legionella was observed at all (range: 30–500 CFU/Liter). By contrast, biofilm and PCR-based analyses showed a higher prevalence. Statistical analyses with physico-chemical parameters revealed a decrease of L. pneumophila abundance for water and biofilm with increasing magnesium concentrations (>30 mg/L). MLVA-genotype analysis of the L. pneumophila isolates and their spatial distribution indicated three niches characterized by distinct physico-chemical parameters and inhabited by specific consortia of genotypes. This study provides novel insights into mechanisms shaping L. pneumophila populations and triggering their abundance leading to an understanding of their genotype-specific niches and ecology in support of improved prevention measures.
Natural Feed Additives Modulate Immunity and Mitigate Infection with Sphaerospora molnari (Myxozoa: Cnidaria) in Common Carp: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ganeva Vyara O. , Korytář Tomáš , Pecková Hana , McGurk Charles , Mullins Julia , Yanes-Roca Carlos , Gela David , Lepič Pavel , Policar Tomáš , Holzer Astrid S.
Published: December 2020

Myxozoans are a diverse group of cnidarian parasites, including important pathogens in different aquaculture species, without effective legalized treatments for fish destined for human consumption. We tested the effect of natural feed additives on immune parameters of common carp and in the course of a controlled laboratory infection with the myxozoan Sphaerospora molnari. Carp were fed a base diet enriched with 0.5% curcumin or 0.12% of a multi-strain yeast fraction, before intraperitoneal injection with blood stages of S. molnari. We demonstrate the impact of these treatments on respiratory burst, phagocytosis, nitric oxide production, adaptive IgM+ B cell responses, S. molnari-specific antibody titers, and on parasite numbers. Both experimental diets enriched B cell populations prior to infection and postponed initial parasite proliferation in the blood. Curcumin-fed fish showed a decrease in reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide production and B cell density at late-stage infection, likely due to its anti-inflammatory properties, favoring parasite propagation. In contrast, multi-strain yeast fraction (MsYF)-fed fish harbored the highest S. molnari-specific antibody titer, in combination with the overall lowest parasite numbers. The results demonstrate that yeast products can be highly beneficial for the outcome of myxozoan infections and could be used as effective feed additives in aquaculture.
Screening for Rickettsia, Coxiella and Borrelia Species in Ticks from Queensland, Australia
Authors: Hussain-Yusuf Hazizul , Stenos John , Vincent Gemma , Shima Amy , Abell Sandra , Preece Noel D. , Tadepalli Mythili , Hii Sze Fui , Bowie Naomi , Mitram Kate , Graves Stephen
Published: December 2020

Tick bites in Australia are linked to the transmission of a variety of infectious diseases in humans, livestock and wildlife. Despite this recognition, little is currently known about the variety of potential pathogens that are carried and transmitted by Australian ticks. In this study, we attempted to expand knowledge of Australian tick-borne bacterial pathogens by analyzing various tick species from the state of Queensland for potential human pathogens belonging to the Rickettsia, Coxiella and Borrelia genera. A total of 203 ticks, comprising of four genera and nine different tick species, were screened by specific qPCR assays. An overall Rickettsia qPCR positivity of 6.4% (13/203) was detected with rickettsial DNA found in four tick species (Ixodes holocyclus, I. tasmani, Amblyommatriguttatum, and Haemaphysalis longicornis). Amplification and analysis of several rickettsial genes from rickettsial qPCR positive samples identified sequences closely related to but genetically distinct from several previously described cultured and uncultured rickettsial species in the Rickettsia spotted fever subgroup. No ticks were positive for either Coxiella or Borrelia DNA. This work suggests that a further diversity of rickettsiae remain to be described in Australian ticks with the full importance of these bacteria to human and animal health yet to be elucidated.
Optical Bistability in an Optomechanical System with N-Type Atoms under Nonresonant Conditions
Authors: Gao Yan , Deng Li , Chen Aixi
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the phenomenon of the optical bistability of a cavity field is theoretically investigated in an optomechanical system containing an N-type atomic ensemble. In this hybrid optomechanical system, the atoms are coupled with two controlling light fields besides coupling with the cavity field. Under the nonresonant condition, we analyze the influences of the coupling strength between cavity and atoms, Rabi frequencies of the controlling light field, the detuning between the controlling light field and atoms, and pump field power on the optical bistable behavior of mean intracavity photon number. The nonlinear distribution of the mean intracavity photon number has a potential application in field optical switches and optical bistable devices.
The Complete Chloroplast Genome of the Vulnerable Oreocharis esquirolii (Gesneriaceae): Structural Features, Comparative and Phylogenetic Analysis
Authors: Gu Li , Su Ting , An Ming-Tai , Hu Guo-Xiong
Published: December 2020

Oreocharis esquirolii, a member of Gesneriaceae, is known as Thamnocharis esquirolii, which has been regarded a synonym of the former. The species is endemic to Guizhou, southwestern China, and is evaluated as vulnerable (VU) under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria. Until now, the sequence and genome information of O. esquirolii remains unknown. In this study, we assembled and characterized the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of O. esquirolii using Illumina sequencing data for the first time. The total length of the cp genome was 154,069 bp with a typical quadripartite structure consisting of a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,392 bp separated by a large single copy region (LSC) of 85,156 bp and a small single copy region (SSC) of18,129 bp. The genome comprised 114 unique genes with 80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Thirty-one repeat sequences and 74 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified. Genome alignment across five plastid genomes of Gesneriaceae indicated a high sequence similarity. Four highly variable sites (rps16-trnQ, trnS-trnG, ndhF-rpl32, and ycf 1) were identified. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that O. esquirolii grouped together with O. mileensis, supporting resurrection of the name Oreocharis esquirolii from Thamnocharisesquirolii. The complete cp genome sequence will contribute to further studies in molecular identification, genetic diversity, and phylogeny.
Ionic Liquids Based on Oxidoperoxido-Molybdenum(VI) Complexes with a Chelating Picolinate Ligand for Catalytic Epoxidation
Authors: Petrovski Željko , Antunes Margarida M. , Mendo Ana Soraia , Cabrita Luís , Gonçalves Isabel S. , Valente Anabela A. , Branco Luís C.
Published: December 2020

Ionic oxidoperoxido-molybdenum(VI) complexes of the type [Cat][MoO(O2)2(pic)], with pic = N,O-chelated picolinate ligand and Cat = monocation, were prepared in high yields (82–95%) from the precursor complex [H3O][MoO(O2)2(pic)] via [H]+ cation exchange for 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium [EMIM]+, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium [BMIM]+, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium [OMIM]+, N-cetylpyridinium [C16Py]+, and N-methyl-N,N,N-trioctylammonium [Aliquat]+. The structure and purity of the ionic compounds were assessed by 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR, and elemental analysis (C, H, N), and the electrochemical properties were studied by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The [Cat][MoO(O2)2(pic)] compounds showed promising catalytic epoxidation activity based on the model reaction of cis-cyclooctene with tert-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant. The type of cation influenced the physical state of the compound and the catalytic performance.
Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals Downregulation of the Wnt Signaling Pathway in Human Dysmature Cumulus Cells as a Hallmark for Evaluating Oocyte Quality
Authors: Akino Ryosuke , Matsui Daisuke , Kawahara-Miki Ryouka , Amita Mitsuyoshi , Tatsumi Kuniko , Ishida Eri , Kang Woojin , Takada Shuji , Miyado Kenji , Sekizawa Akihiko , Saito Takakazu , Kono Tomohiro , Saito Hidekazu
Published: December 2020

Background: Dysmature cumulus cells are lower fertilization rates and abnormalities in embryonic development compared to maturation cumulus cells. Morphological evaluation of cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) considered the possibility that differences may also be found in gene expression. Purpose: To identify hallmarks for evaluating oocyte quality by investigating gene expression patterns in human cumulus cells surrounding oocytes. Methods: Cumulus cells were obtained from the cumulus–oocyte complex of infertile women treated with assisted reproductive technology. Based on maturity level, the cumulus cells were classified into two categories, i.e., dysmature cumulus cell (DCC) and maturation cumulus cell. DCCs were subjected to gene expression analysis using next-generation sequencing and compared with COCs that are in the process of maturation as controls. Results: The expression levels of genes involved in the Wnt signal/β-catenin pathway were significantly reduced in DCCs compared with those in control cells. Moreover, the expression levels of genes involved in multiple pathways associated with apoptosis were also significantly reduced compared with those in control cells. Conclusions: DCCs showed significant decreases in apoptosis- and Wnt/β-catenin signaling-associated gene expression. DCCs could be classified by morphological evaluation, and the method described in this study may be useful as an oocyte quality estimation tool.
An Adaptive Multi-Dimensional Vehicle Driving State Observer Based on Modified Sage–Husa UKF Algorithm
Authors: Luo Zeyuan , Fu Zanhao , Xu Qiwei
Published: December 2020

An accurate vehicle driving state observer is a necessary condition for a safe automotive electronic control system. Vehicle driving state observer is challenged by unknown measurement noise and transient disturbances caused by complex working conditions and sensor failure. For the classical adaptive unscented Kalman filter (AUKF) algorithm, transient disturbances will cause the failure of state estimation and affect the subsequent process. This paper proposes an AUKF based on a modified Sage–Husa filter and divergence calculation technique for multi-dimensional vehicle driving state observation. Based on the seven-degrees-of-freedom vehicle model and the Dugoff tire model, the proposed algorithm corrects the measurement noise by using modified Sage–Husa maximum posteriori. To reduce the influence of transient disturbance on the subsequent process, covariance matrix is updated after divergence is detected. The effectiveness of the algorithm is tested on the double lane change and Sine Wave road conditions. The robustness of the algorithm is tested under severe transient disturbance. The results demonstrate that the modified Sage–Husa UKF algorithm can accurately detect transient disturbance and effectively reduce the resulted accumulated error. Compared to classical AUKF, our algorithm significantly improves the accuracy and robustness of vehicle driving state estimation. The research in this paper provides a reference for multi-dimensional data processing under changeable vehicle driving states.
NIR Spectroscopy for Discriminating and Predicting the Sensory Profile of Dry-Cured Beef “Cecina”
Authors: Revilla Isabel , Vivar-Quintana Ana M. , González-Martín María Inmaculada , Hernández-Jiménez Miriam , Martínez-Martín Iván , Hernández-Ramos Pedro
Published: December 2020

For Protected Geographical Indication (PGI)-labeled products, such as the dry-cured beef meat “cecina de León”, a sensory analysis is compulsory. However, this is a complex and time-consuming process. This study explores the viability of using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) together with artificial neural networks (ANN) for predicting sensory attributes. Spectra of 50 samples of cecina were recorded and 451 reflectance data were obtained. A feedforward multilayer perceptron ANN with 451 neurons in the input layer, a number of neurons varying between 1 and 30 in the hidden layer, and a single neuron in the output layer were optimized for each sensory parameter. The regression coefficient R squared (RSQ > 0.8 except for odor intensity) and mean squared error of prediction (MSEP) values obtained when comparing predicted and reference values showed that it is possible to predict accurately 23 out of 24 sensory parameters. Although only 3 sensory parameters showed significant differences between PGI and non-PGI samples, the optimized ANN architecture applied to NIR spectra achieved the correct classification of the 100% of the samples while the residual mean squares method (RMS-X) allowed 100% of non-PGI samples to be distinguished.
JMAC Protocol: A Cross-Layer Multi-Hop Protocol for LoRa
Authors: López Escobar Juan José López , Gil-Castiñeira Felipe , Díaz Redondo Rebeca P. Díaz
Published: December 2020

The emergence of Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technologies allowed the development of revolutionary Internet Of Things (IoT) applications covering large areas with thousands of devices. However, connectivity may be a challenge for non-line-of-sight indoor operation or for areas without good coverage. Technologies such as LoRa and Sigfox allow connectivity for up to 50,000 devices per cell, several devices that may be exceeded in many scenarios. To deal with these problems, this paper introduces a new multi-hop protocol, called JMAC, designed for improving long range wireless communication networks that may support monitoring in scenarios such smart cities or Industry 4.0. JMAC uses the LoRa radio technology to keep low consumption and extend coverage area, and exploits the potential mesh behaviour of wireless networks to improve coverage and increase the number of supported devices per cell. JMAC is based on predictive wake-up to reach long lifetime on sensor devices. Our proposal was validated using the OMNeT++ simulator to analyze how it performs under different conditions with promising results.
Recognition and Justice? Conceptualizing Support for Women Whose Children Are in Care or Adopted
Authors: Boddy Janet , Wheeler Bella
Published: December 2020

This paper examines the views of mothers who have experienced (or are judged to be at risk of) recurrent removal of children into care or adoption. Drawing on their accounts of working with an intensive 18 month support program called Pause, we argue for the relevance of conceptualizing policy and practice with reference to Honneth’s theory of recognition and Fraser’s arguments about the need to address misrecognition through redistribution, attending to gendered political and economic injustice. The analysis draws on qualitative longitudinal interviews with 49 women, conducted as part of a national UK Department for Education (DfE)-funded evaluation of Pause. Each woman was interviewed up to four times over a period of up to 20 months, both during and after the Pause intervention. Case-based longitudinal analysis illuminates how stigma can obscure women’s rights and needs—including welfare entitlements and health, as well as rights to family life—and shows how support can act to enable both redistribution, advocating to ensure women’s rights in a context of diminishing public welfare, and recognition, challenging stigmatization through recognition of women’s motherhood, and of their rights to care, solidarity, respect and fun.
Deep Learning Based Fall Detection Algorithms for Embedded Systems, Smartwatches, and IoT Devices Using Accelerometers
Authors: Kraft Dimitri , Srinivasan Karthik , Bieber Gerald
Published: December 2020

A fall of an elderly person often leads to serious injuries or even death. Many falls occur in the home environment and remain unrecognized. Therefore, a reliable fall detection is absolutely necessary for a fast help. Wrist-worn accelerometer based fall detection systems are developed, but the accuracy and precision are not standardized, comparable, or sometimes even known. In this work, we present an overview about existing public databases with sensor based fall datasets and harmonize existing wrist-worn datasets for a broader and robust evaluation. Furthermore, we are analyzing the current possible recognition rate of fall detection using deep learning algorithms for mobile and embedded systems. The presented results and databases can be used for further research and optimizations in order to increase the recognition rate to enhance the independent life of the elderly. Furthermore, we give an outlook for a convenient application and wrist device.
‘PODAROK KRYMU’ – NEW EARLY RIPENING VARIETY OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT
Authors:   SSE “Agricultural research center «Donskoy»”, Marchenko D.M. , Ivanisov M.M. ,   SSE “Agricultural research center «Donskoy»”, Nekrasov E.I. ,   SSE “Agricultural research center «Donskoy»”, Kravchenko N.S. ,   SSE “Agricultural research center «Donskoy»”, Radchenko L.A. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Radchenko A.F. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea
Published: December 2020

Creation and introduction into production new high-yielding and early ripening varieties of soft winter wheat adapted to certain weather conditions are the principal ways to increase yield and improve general harvest volumes. A properly selected variety is one of the most effective ways of achieving crop yield improvement for any farm. To realize the potential for increasing yields, it is crucial to bear in mind specific soil and climatic conditions. The aim of the research was to characterize a new variety of winter soft wheat ‘Podarok Krymu’ by economic and biological qualities, as well as morphological characteristics. Soil of the experimental plot – chernozems ordinary with a thick humus layer (up to 140 cm). The meteorological conditions during the years of research were quite diverse, which made it possible to evaluate the new variety by a set of economically valuable features. The studies were carried out in 2015–2019 on the experimental fields of the scientific crop rotation of the Department of Winter Wheat of State Scientific Establishment “Agricultural research center “Donskoy” (SSE “ARC “Donskoy”). The object of the research – a new variety of winter soft wheat ‘Podarok Krymu’. Winter soft wheat variety ‘Don 107’ was used as a standard. Preceding crop – corn for grain. The accounting area of the variety test plot – 10 m². Field experiments were replicated six times. In 2019, variety ‘Podarok Krymu’ was submitted for State Variety Testing by SSE “ARC “Donskoy” together with the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea. This variety has a high potential for grain productivity. The average yield in the competitive variety testing was 7.71 t/ha (preceding crop – corn for grain), which is 0.39 t/ha higher than the average yield of standard variety ‘Don 107’. According to the length of the growing season, the variety belongs to the early maturing group; its ears emerge and kernels ripe three days earlier than that of the standard. The high and stable yield of the new variety is ensured by its tolerance to drought and heat, increased winter hardiness and resistance of plants to frost, as well as resistance to the main diseases typical in the regions where studies are being conducted. Since the autumn of 2020, ‘Podarok Krymu’ has been studied to cultivate it in the North Caucasian, Lower Volga and Central Black Earth regions of the Russian Federation.