bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of satiety on TSH and free thyroxin levels in healthy individuals and patients with subclinical and overt hypothyroidism
Authors: Kılınçarslan Mehmet G. , Çelik Cihan , Şahin Erkan M.
Published: June 2021

Background:Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine levels may change according to fasting — satiety status. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of satiety on TSH and free thyroxine levels.

Methods:This study was conducted in a tertiary hospital. According to previous TSH and thyroxine levels, groups of 30, 30 and 60 participants were designated as subclinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism, and control groups respectively. To obtain TSH and thyroxine results first phlebotomy was performed at 8 am while participants were in fasting state. Then participants were allowed to have non-standardized breakfast. Second phlebotomy was performed at 10 am while participants were in non-fasting state. Paired t-test and ANOVA were used to analyze the data.

Results:The fasting TSH levels of the participants (2.57 ± 1.84 mlU/L) were significantly higher than the satiety TSH levels (2.04 ± 1.48 mlU/L) (t = 8.566, p < 0.001, d = 0.80). The fasting free thyroxine values (1.31 ± 0.38 mg/dl) of the participants were significantly lower than the satiety free thyroxine values (1.39 ± 0.35 mg/dl) (t = -1.988, p = 0.049, d = 0.20).

Conclusion:Knowing how TSH and free thyroxine tests are affected by satiety has the power to affect treatment of many patients. Our study has shown that both TSH and free thyroxine levels changed significantly according to satiety status.
Hack, Slash & Backstab: A Post-Mortem of University Game Development at Scale
Authors: Phelps Andrew M , Egert Christopher A. , Consalvo Mia
Published: June 2021

This article describes the educational, operational, and practical implementation of an upper-division undergraduate studio-style course centered on the subject of game production. Specifically, the article addresses the course organization and processes, the institutional context for the course (i.e., its situated role in the larger curriculum), the overall structure of the course both from a pedagogical and operational point of view, and concludes with substantial reflection and analysis by the authors on what worked effectively and where improvements could be made. The article also provides substantial depth regarding the student experience, the structure of creating muti-disciplinary software development teams within the course, orienting the course around the successful production of a professional-grade XBOX One video game product, and various methods, structures and tools for course organization, communication, software development practice, documentation, etc. This in turn is framed in the larger context of the course as it was offered not only through an academic department, but in parallel with a campus-based games studio and research center. Numerous detailed elements are provided in such fashion as to provide other educators and mentors a relevant, structured, and detailed post-mortem of a large scale, multi-disciplinary effort that engaged students in complex multimedia software production in a professional context. In addition, several elements atypical from more traditional software project courses as they intersect game development including entertainment design, playtesting, marketing, press, public demonstration and performance, audience reception and analytics, commercial platform, etc., and discussed and analyzed.
The Handwavey Game
Authors: Gabai Joshua , Berland Matthew
Published: June 2021

In this design case, we describe The Handwavey Game (Handwavey)—a tabletop, cooperative role-playing game created to study how people can come to converge on novel physical gestures around meaning. In Handwavey, players are novice wizards who cast spells through signaling abstract images with hand movements: success is rewarded in-game and failure has humorous in-game consequences. This case walks through the path of exploration and development from the starting point of a research question to the development of game mechanics and concludes with a set of design recommendations for people interested in designing novel games with specific research or learning meta-goals.
Designing Role-Playing Games that Address the Holocaust
Authors: Hammer Jessica , Turkington Moyra
Published: June 2021

Role-playing games offer powerful opportunities for players to engage with history, such as allowing players to fictionally situate themselves in a historical period. When it comes to the Holocaust, however, games face serious issues such as the potential trivialization of the Holocaust or players learning to blame the victims. In this design case, we show one way that these issues can be addressed through game design techniques. We bring together the literature on games and Holocaust education to define a set of design challenges for Holocaust-related historical role-playing games; we describe Rosenstrasse, a role-playing game in which players adopt the roles of Jewish and non-Jewish Germans in mixed marriages in Berlin between 1933 and 1943; and we illustrate specific game design decisions within Rosenstrasse that address the challenges identified in this paper. This work aims to help other designers address the same set of challenges in their own game design process.
Faktor-Faktor yang Menentukan Pemanfaatan Alun-alun Sebagai Ruang Terbuka Publik di Kabupaten Ngawi
Authors: Fatony Achmad , Sukmawati Annisa Mu'awanah
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini berkaitan dengan pemanfaatan ruang terbuka publik yang dapat menampung berbagai aktivitas atau kebutuhan pengunjung pada hari biasa dan hari libur. Penelitian berlokasi di Alun-Alun Kabupaten Ngawi. Perubahan waktu dari pagi hingga sore hari pada hari biasa dan hari libur dapat mempengaruhi pola pemanfaatan Alun-Alun Kabupaten Ngawi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menentukan pemanfaatan alun-alun sebagai ruang terbuka publik di Kabupaten Ngawi. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik simple random sampling kepada 100 pengunjung. Analisis data dilakukan melalui teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan analisis pemetaan dengan mapmaker. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas pengunjung pada hari biasa didominasi oleh aktivitas berolahraga dan bersantai. Sedangkan pada hari libur lebih banyak pengunjung yang melakukan berbagai aktivitas dengan rata-rata waktu lebih dari dua jam. Beberapa faktor yang melatarbelakanginya adalah kondisi fisik kawasan dan perilaku pengunjung. Dari kondisi fisik kawasan, pemanfataan alun-alun dipengaruhi oleh kenyamanan, kestrategisan lokasi, dan daya tarik masing-masing zona. Sementara itu, dari segi perilaku pengunjung dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan waktu luang dan status hubungan sosial pengunjung.
The crystal structure of (E)-3-chloro-2-(2-(2-fluorobenzylidene)hydrazinyl)pyridine, C12H9ClFN3
Authors: Wu Hui-Zhen , Min Li-Jing , Han Liang , Liu Xing-Hai , Sun Na-Bo
Published: June 2021

C12H9ClFN3, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 24.713(13) Å, b = 15.459(13) Å, c = 17.507(12) Å, β = 17.515(11)°, V = 4742(6) Å3, Z = 16, R

gt
(F) = 0.0530, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1161, T = 113(2) K.
Próba rankingu uczelni kształcących na kierunku prawo na podstawie oceny sytuacji ich absolwentów na rynku pracy
Authors:   SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Rocki Marek
Published: June 2021

The data collected in the national system of monitoring the economic position of graduates (ELA) allows for the analysis of graduates’ preparation for the labor market requirements. They also make it possible to rank universities according to the described in the article criterion, using the synthetic information on employment and earnings indicators. This article presents the analysis of graduates of universities that conduct a uniform Master’s degree in law studies. It has also been shown that the order based on data from the ELA system is consistent with the ranking published annually by Perspektywy.
Refining the Identity and Role of Kv4 Channels in Mouse Substantia Nigra Dopaminergic Neurons
Authors: Haddjeri-Hopkins Alexis , Tapia Mónica , Ramirez-Franco Jorge , Tell Fabien , Marqueze-Pouey Béatrice , Amalric Marianne , Goaillard Jean-Marc
Published: June 2021

Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic (DA) neurons display a peculiar electrical phenotype characterizedin vitroby a spontaneous tonic regular activity (pacemaking activity), a broad action potential (AP) and a biphasic postinhibitory response. The transient A-type current (IA) is known to play a crucial role in this electrical phenotype, and so far, this current was considered to be carried exclusively by Kv4.3 potassium channels. Using Kv4.3−/− transgenic mice, we demonstrate that the constitutive loss of this channel is associated with increased exploratory behavior and impaired motor learning at the behavioral level. Consistently, it is also associated with a lack of compensatory changes in other ion currents at the cellular level. Using antigen retrieval (AR) immunohistochemistry, we then demonstrate that Kv4.2 potassium channels are also expressed in SNc DA neurons, although their contribution to IAappears significant only in a minority of neurons (∼5–10%). Using correlative analysis on recorded electrophysiological parameters and multicompartment modeling, we then demonstrate that, rather than its conductance level, IAgating kinetics (inactivation time constant) appear as the main biophysical property defining postinhibitory rebound delay and pacemaking frequency. Moreover, we show that the hyperpolarization-activated current (IH) has an opposing and complementary influence on the same firing features.
Targeted inhibition of the WEE1 kinase as a novel therapeutic strategy in neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Weindl Lena , Atreya Imke , Dietrich Peter , Neubeck Sabine , Neurath Markus F , Pavel Marianne
Published: June 2021

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) represent a rare and heterogeneous group of malignancies, sharing features of both neural and endocrine cells. NENs G3 appear as a highly aggressive subset with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. The small-molecule inhibitor of the WEE1 tyrosine kinase, adavosertib (AZD1775), has previously demonstrated potent anti-tumor effects on various types of cancer in preclinical and clinical studies. However, the role of adavosertib in NENs G3 had remained elusive. We evaluated the effects of adavosertib on pancreatic (BON-1, QGP-1) and bronchopulmonary (NCI-H720) neuroendocrine tumor cell lines applying 2D and 3D spheroid models. We newly demonstrated that adavosertib is sufficient to reduce cell viability and proliferation in neuroendocrine cell lines with features of high-grade NENs. As underlying mechanisms, we identified adavosertib-mediated DNA double-strand breaks and a G2/M cell cycle checkpoint abrogation leading into mitotic catastrophe and cancer cell apoptosis. Silencing of WEE1 via siRNA transfection resulted in a phenotype similar to adavosertib treatment. Together, inhibition of the WEE1 tyrosine kinase applying adavosertib on NENs G3 outlines a promising novel therapeutic strategy.
Resection of Giant Tumor of Chest Wall under Cardiopulmonary Bypass after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy: A Case Report
Authors: Meng Li fei , Wang Yang , Lei Wang , Liang Zhigang , Li Chenwei , Li Xinjian
Published: June 2021

Osteosarcoma, one of the most common sources of bone malignant tumors, often occurs at the epiphysis, such as in the distal femoral and proximal tibia, but seldom occurs at the costa. Here, we present the case of a 15-year-old girl with giant osteosarcoma on the chest wall. Osteosarcoma is extremely malignant and has a high death rate. We surgically resected the osteosarcoma using cardiopulmonary bypass and administered neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
Variation analysis of the difference in anatomical properties and chemical composition of the bark and branch wood of Pteroceltis tatarinowii at different annual rings
Authors: Guan Ying , Gao Hui , Shen Hao , Li Wenqi , Wu Yule , Yang Ran
Published: June 2021

The bark of Pteroceltis tatarinowii is one of the main raw materials for the manufacturing of Xuan paper. In order to guide the production of Xuan paper, the anatomical properties and chemical compositions of the bark and branch wood from P. tatarinowii at different years of age were analyzed in this study. The results from a variation analysis of the anatomical properties indicated that the ratio of the length to width of the bark and branch wood was greater than 30, while the ratio of the lumen diameter to the wall thickness was less than 1. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the length and the ratio of length to width of the bark and branch wood. The results from a variation analysis of the chemical composition indicated that the lignin content of branch wood at various ages (years) was greater than the lignin content of bark. Additionally, the cellulose extractive and pentosan contents of the branch wood was less than the contents in the bark. Based on the analysis of the anatomical and chemical composition, barks that were 2 to 3 years old were the most suitable raw materials for the manufacturing of Xuan paper.
Comparison of cyclic voltammetry measurements of paper-based screen printed electrodes via proprietary and open source potentiostat
Authors: Karlovits Igor , Kavčič Urška , Trafela Špela , Žužek Rožman Kristina
Published: June 2021

The use of screen-printed electrodes in different monitoring applications, e.g., polluted water, biotechnology, agriculture, industrial process control, and other applications, are continuously being developed. New cheap and open-source potentiostats have been recently emerging, in addition to the commercial and proprietary solutions on the market. In this study, paper-based, screen-printed electrodes were utilised as an alternative solution for ceramic-based electrodes and were tested with two potentiostats (proprietary and low-cost open-source running on wireless 64 bit Linux system installed on Raspberry Pi 3+). Unique paper substrates made from invasive plant papers and one commercial product were used for screen electrode printing. Ink layer thicknesses variations and mechanical grinding were applied, and cyclic voltammetry measurements were conducted. The variation in cyclic voltammetry measurements could be attributed to two sources: the potentiostats showed differences in their sensibility and signal values, and paper surface and structure also contributed to differences. Simultaneously, the additional processing steps, e.g., mechanical grinding, introduced additional measurement variations and differences in the measurement process.
RELIGIOUS AND PHILOSOPHICAL IDEAS IN “THE DREAM OF A RIDICULOUS MAN” BY FYODOR DOSTOEVSKY
Authors: Klyukina Lyudmila
Published: June 2021

Staying in the framework of the hermeneutic approach, this article reveals and analyses the religious and philosophical ideas of Saint Augustine of Hippo’s Confessions in the text of Fyodor Dostoevsky's short story “The Dream of a Ridiculous Man”. This study demonstrates that Dostoevsky, while staying within the boundaries of contemporary culture, independently comprehended such universal ideas and problems as the origin of evil, free will, theodicy and salvation, which were first formulated in the European philosophical tradition by Saint Augustine. The author concludes that the idea of unbounded free will and universal salvation, offered by Dostoevsky who demonstrated that rejecting individual freedom is justified only for the sake of said salvation, profoundly influenced Russian religious philosophy of Vladimir Solovyov.
Left Main Disease and Bifurcation Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Focus on Antithrombotic Therapy
Authors: Varlamos Charalampos , Lianos Ioannis , Benetou Despoina-Rafailia , Alexopoulos Dimitrios
Published: June 2021

Revascularization of both left main and bifurcation lesions is currently considered an important feature of complex percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), whereas stenting distal left main bifurcation is fairly challenging. Recent evidence shows that such lesions are associated with an increased risk of ischemic events. There is no universal consensus on the optimal PCI strategy or the appropriate type and duration of antithrombotic therapy to mitigate the thrombotic risk. Prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy or use of more potent P2Y12 inhibitors have been investigated in the context of this high-risk subset of the population undergoing PCI. Thus, while complex PCI is a growing field in interventional cardiology, left main and bifurcation PCI constitutes a fair amount of the total complex procedures performed recently, and there is cumulative interest regarding antithrombotic therapy type and duration in this subset of patients, with decision-making mostly based on clinical presentation, baseline bleeding, and ischemic risk, as well as the performed stenting strategy.
Meha Priyadarshini. Chinese Porcelain in Colonial Mexico. The Material Worlds of an Early Modern Trade.
Authors: Ríos Durán María Astrid
Published: June 2021

Si nos guiáramos por el título de este libro y por el tratamiento dado a la porcelana china en los estudios históricos de la cultura material, la obra de Priyadarshini podría ser ubicada rápidamente como un texto más de la historia convencional de este bien. Es decir, de aquella que trata sobre el encanto que suscitó en el mundo entero antes del descubrimiento de su secreto productivo en Europa (en 1708), pero esta vez ubicados en el contexto mexicano. No obstante, el objetivo de esta investigación no es la porcelana china en sí misma en cuanto a la fascinación que causó en el “mundo premoderno”, sino más bien sus viajes, transformaciones e hibridaciones con la cerámica local mexicana como la de Talavera. Todo ello en el marco de una historia de carácter global que ya considera lo translocal, así como de una historia multisituada que da cuenta también de las interconexiones entre los territorios de producción, distribución y venta, y de ese modo de los distintos actores partícipes en estas etapas, como los artesanos, mercaderes y consumidores.
Katherinne Mora Pacheco. Entre sequías, heladas e inundaciones. Clima y sociedad en la Sabana de Bogotá, 1690-1870.
Authors: Bonnett Vélez Diana
Published: June 2021

En cinco capítulos, el libro aborda las diversas respuestas adaptativas con las cuales los habitantes de la sabana sortearon las perturbaciones y enfrentaron los cambios climáticos entre 1690 y 1870. La autora denomina estas respuestas como anticipadas e inmateriales; permanentes y materiales, e impulsadas y coartadas. El enfoque, el problema y la perspectiva regional hacen novedoso este trabajo, a la vez que constituye un aporte valioso a la historia colombiana, porque ayuda a consolidar nuestro conocimiento sobre un asunto que involucra la intervención de los habitantes de la sabana de Bogotá y su relación con el clima y la naturaleza.
Causes of upper gastrointestinal tract obstruction
Authors: Kurowski Tomasz , Ostrowski Bartosz ,   Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Prof. K. Gibiński University Clinical Centre, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Hartleb Marek
Published: June 2021

Obstruction of the upper gastrointestinal tract, caused by blocked passage in the oesophagus, stomach or duodenum, is an important clinical and diagnostic problem in gastroenterological practice. The typical symptoms are dysphagia, postprandial vomiting, epigastric pain and weight loss. Post-inflammatory oesophageal lesions associated with reflux oesophagitis are the most common cause of obstruction. Other common causes include foreign bodies, neoplasms, chemical burns of the oesophagus and radiation-induced stenosis. In more than 2/3 cases, foreign bodies are localised in the proximal part of the oesophagus, but anatomical abnormalities, such as a Schatzki ring or post-inflammatory stenosis, increase the risk of food bolus impaction in the distal part of the oesophagus. Radiotherapy of head and neck tumours may cause stenosis, which affects more than 7% of patients treated this way. For the stomach and duodenum, 50–80% of obstruction cases are associated with neoplastic processes, with gastric cancer and pancreatic adenocarcinoma accounting for 35% and 15–25% of these cases, respectively. Mild causes of peripyloric obstruction include gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer, peritoneal adhesions, gastric polyps and Crohn’s disease. Symptoms of temporary pylorus obstruction can be caused by large, gastric hyperplastic pedunculated polyps. Therapeutic endoscopy is the most commonly used method for upper gastrointestinal tract obstruction. Depending on the cause, it involves foreign body removal, balloon enteroscopy, stenting with self-expanding metallic stents, and, in the case of treatment failure, surgical resection or palliative gastrojejunostomy.
Acute pancreatitis in IgA vasculitis
Authors:   Department of Paediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Łódź, Poland. Head: Professor Krzysztof Zeman, MD, PhD, Fedorczak Anna ,   Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Łódź, Poland. Head: Professor Andrzej Lewiński, MD, PhD, Szałowska-Woźniak Dorota ,   Department of Paediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Łódź, Poland. Head: Professor Krzysztof Zeman, MD, PhD, Zeman Krzysztof ,   Department of Paediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Łódź, Poland. Head: Professor Krzysztof Zeman, MD, PhD
Published: June 2021

IgA vasculitis, also known as the Henoch–Schönlein purpura, is the most common systemic vasculitis in children. Inflammation most often involves small blood vessels of the skin, joints, kidneys and the gastrointestinal tract, but other organs may also be involved. Acute pancreatitis is a rare clinical manifestation of IgA vasculitis. We present a case of a 12-year-old girl with cutaneous and abdominal symptoms, who was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis during IgA vasculitis. In patients with IgA vasculitis who report abdominal pain acute pancreatitis should be taken into account and pancreatic enzymes measurement should be considered.
Erythema nodosum in a child with Salmonella Enteritidis infection
Authors:   Children’s Department of Medical Centre of Pabianice, Pabianice, Poland, Kamińska-Sobczak Aleksandra ,   Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland, Karska Ewelina ,   Children’s Department of Medical Centre of Pabianice, Pabianice, Poland, Lange Agata ,   Children’s Department of Medical Centre of Pabianice, Pabianice, Poland, Kardas-Sobantka Dorota ,   Children’s Department of Medical Centre of Pabianice, Pabianice, Poland
Published: June 2021

The paper discusses a case of erythema nodosum in an almost 2-year-old boy diagnosed for fever and skin lesions on the extensor parts of the lower legs. Extended medical history and diagnosis allowed to identify Salmonella Enteritidis as the culprit of symptoms. This entity is rarely found in the paediatric population, especially in children <2 years of age. It clinically manifests with small, painful, red to purple subcutaneous nodules, mostly developing in the lower extremities. Only few cases of correlation between erythema nodosum and this serotype of Salmonella have been described in the available literature. Reminding general practitioners and paediatricians of the basic information about the possible course of the disease will allow for earlier differential diagnosis and more rapid and appropriate treatment.
Joint effects of children’s emotional problems and parental depressive symptoms on the occurrence of internet gaming disorder among children and adolescents: A longitudinal study
Authors: Jeong Hyunsuk , Yim Hyeon Woo , Lee Seung-Yup , Lee Hae Kook , Potenza Marc N. , Park Misun
Published: June 2021

Background and aims

Parental depressive symptoms may aggravate the effects of children’s emotional problems on risks for Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Here we examined the joint effects of children’s emotional problems and parents’ depressive symptoms on the incidence of IGD.

Methods

A large prospective, population-based cohort tested potential interactions between children’s emotional problems, parents’ depressive symptoms, and incidence of high risk of IGD (HRIGD). Family dyads (n=2,031) that included children who were non-HRIGD at baseline completed assessments of childhood and parental affective symptomatology. HRIGD was assessed at baseline and 12 months. Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) estimated the magnitudes of interactions.

Results

In terms of risk for the development of IGD, parental depression was 1.8 times greater, children’s emotional problems were 2.9 times greater, and both risk factors together were 6.1 times greater than the background risk, with the last two findings reaching statistical significance. The expected risk for the development of HRIGD was RR=3.7.

Discussion and conclusions

Children’s emotional problems demonstrated a particularly strong relationship with HRIGD. Joint effects of children’s emotional problems and depressive symptoms in parents on the incidence of HRIGD were stronger than the sum of the independent effects of each factor. The findings suggest that combining interventions for the treatment of children’s emotional problems and parents’ depressive symptoms may have extra risk reduction effects on preventing IGD in children and adolescents.
Quevedo y la Inmaculada, entre burlas y veras
Authors: Plata Fernando
Published: June 2021

Se estudian los escritos de Quevedo en apoyo de la concepción inmaculada de la Virgen. El espacio y el lugar que ocupan dichos textos dentro de la obra de nuestro autor contrastan, en su relativa parquedad y escasa originalidad, con las palabras de su primer biógrafo, Tarsia, quien en su afán hagiográfico retrata a Quevedo como gran devoto y defensor de la Inmaculada. Se diferencian estos textos también de las actitudes más comprometidas de escritores como Lope de Vega y Calderón de la Barca en una España, la de la primera mitad del XVII, marcada por un gran fervor inmaculista, que intenta, en vano, que la Iglesia declare la Inmaculada como dogma.
«¿Quién, por un real de plata, no compra un Siglo de Oro?»: nueva aproximación al binomio Quevedo / Torres Villarroel a través del retrato de la «vetula» en el almanaque literario (1719-1767)
Authors: Lora-Márquez Claudia
Published: June 2021

Este artículo analiza la intertextualidad entre la producción satírico-burlesca de Francisco de Quevedo y los almanaques literarios compuestos por Diego de Torres Villarroel (1719-1767). Si bien los estudios comparativos respecto a estos autores son numerosos, la literatura del almanaque nunca ha sido estudiada desde este punto de vista, por más que suponga un cauce de difusión privilegiado del quevedismo en el siglo XVIII. Concretamente, nos detendremos a examinar las formas de composición del retrato grotesco de la vieja en las que se percibe claramente el afán imitador de Torres.
A INSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO DA INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA: A TRAJETÓRIA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS
Authors: Cunha Izabel Maria Lopes , Najberg Estela
Published: June 2021

A Iniciação Científica (IC), atividade no país por pesquisadores e estudantes na graduação brasileira, foi concebida e fomentada pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, desde o início da década de 50 do século passado, sendo uma prática corrente nas Instituições de Ensino Superior. Este trabalho buscou compreender como aconteceu a institucionalização da Iniciação Científica no ambiente da Universidade Federal de Goiás, com foco nos dados disponibilizados (físico, pessoal e financeiro) e na cultura da IC, a partir da descrição de sua trajetória de 1990 a 2020. Como estratégia de pesquisa elegeu-se o estudo de caso utilizando a metodologia de Process Tracing , que envolveu analysis documental and desconstruídas.Uma análise de conteúdo foi feita com o apoio do software NVivo, o que possibilitou extrair os dados descritivos e inferir uma análise qualitativa do fenômeno. Os resultados obtidos indicam a presença de indícios que levam a enxergar a institucionalização da prática na UFG, e ainda, que a IC tem força para continuar exercendo o seu importante papel junto à comunidade acadêmica.
Angular offset distributions during fixation are, more often than not, multimodal
Authors: Friedman Lee , Lohr Dillon James , Hanson Timothy , Komogortsev Oleg V
Published: June 2021

Typically, the position error of an eye-tracking device is measured as the distance of the eye-position from the target position in two-dimensional space (angular offset).  Accuracy is the mean angular offset.  The mean is a highly interpretable measure of central tendency if the underlying error distribution is unimodal and normal. However, in the context of an underlying multimodal distribution, the mean is less interpretable. We will present evidence that the majority of such distributions are multimodal.  Only 14.7% of fixation angular offset distributions  were  unimodal, and  of  these,  only  11.5%  were normally distributed.  (Of the entire dataset, 1.7% were unimodal and normal.)  This multimodality is true even if there is only a single, continuous tracking fixation segment per trial. We present several approaches to measure accuracy in the face of multimodality. We also address the role of fixation drift in partially explaining multimodality.
ROLE OF POLYAMINES IN REDUCING THE OUTER MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY OF ESCHERICHIA COLI TO ANTIBIOTICS
Authors:   Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS, Akhova A. V. , Tkachenko A. G. ,   Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS
Published: June 2021

Various hydrophilic antibiotics enter the cells of gram-negative bacteria through porin channels, which can be blocked by polyamine cadaverine. In this paper, we studied the rate of porin-mediated transport and the intracellular concentration of the main biogenic polyamines of Escherichia coli cells subjected to fluoroquinolone antibiotics depending on the exposure time. Porin permeability sharply decreased in the first two hours of antibiotic exposure, after that the transport rate continued to decline, but at a lower rate. Free polyamines accumulated by the second hour of the exposure, then putrescine and spermidine de-clined, and the concentration of cadaverine continued to grow. Activation of micF gene, a product of which is involved in the negative control of ompF porin gene expression, was observed after the two hours of antibiotic exposure. It could be supposed that the inhibition of porin-mediated transport of anti-biotics by blocking pores precedes the mechanisms regulating the number of porins. The paper discusses the probable specialization of polyamines in the regulation of porin-mediated transport of antibiotics.
RECOVERY OF TOBACCO PLANTS AFTER COPPER IONS APPLICATION
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Tugbaeva A. S. , Ermoshin A. A. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Plotnikov D. S. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Kiseleva I. S. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin
Published: June 2021

The aftereffects of copper ions (100 and 300 μM) on the organ size, the content of stress markers (hydro-gen peroxide, lipid peroxidation - LPO) and components of the antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase - SOD and guaiacol peroxidase - GPO) were studied in the roots, stem, and leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. It was shown that tobacco plants were sensitive to long-term exposure to 100 and 300 μM Cu2+. Both concentrations inhibited root growth, while shoot length and thickness, and leaf area decreased only in the case of pretreatment with 300 μM Cu2+. So, the growth of aboveground organs was suppressed signifi-cantly less than the root. The level of lipid peroxidation and the content of hydrogen peroxide in the roots under these conditions were also higher, which indicates a stronger stress, compared to stem and leaf. The activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and GPO in roots and aboveground organs specifically changed de-pending on the concentration of copper ions and the type of organ. In the roots, there was a decrease in SOD activity and an increase in the activity of GPO under pretreatment with 300 μM Cu2+, compared to the control and 100 μM Cu2+, while in stem and leaves the activity of enzymes decreased. The data ob-tained indicate incomplete plant recovery under the aftereffect of copper ions.
Emerging Regulation for the Digital Economy: Challenges and Opportunities for Multilateral Global Governance
Authors:   Centre for International Institutions Research, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Larionova Marina ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Shelepov Andrei ,   Centre for International Institutions Research, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: June 2021

The role of information and communications technology (ICT), high-speed communication infrastructure, digital content and the digital economy is expected to grow in the post-pandemic society. Simultaneously, competition for digital technologies and solutions and the contest to influence norms, standards and regulatory mechanisms is escalating. The new regulatory mechanisms and approaches are concurrently being shaped in the key international institutions, including the United Nations (UN), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), the European Union (EU), the Group of 20 (G20) and the BRICS group of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. This article presents analysis of the current cooperation on issues of digital economy regulation within the main international institutions. The study aims to assess the influence of the existing and emerging regulatory mechanisms on the balance of power between the key international actors. This assessment of the emerging mechanisms’ impact on the balance of power among international actors indicates that advantages and leverage capabilities accruing from them are distributed unevenly. The advanced members of the OECD and the G20 gain significant advantages, and there is a risk that the new mechanisms will consolidate the balance of power embodied by the Bretton Woods system, which has successfully resisted decades-long endeavors for its reform. However, regulation of the digital economy is not yet built as an established order. A window of opportunity was opened in 2020, not only to implement the G20’s 2008 pledge to reform the international financial and economic architecture, but also to build a new digital economy governance system, ensuring thatemerging markets and developing countries have a voice in decision-making commensurate with their weight in the global economy. The article is structured in three parts. The introduction presents the research questions and objectives and describes the parameters of comparative analysis and influence assessment criteria. The second section reviews the emerging mechanisms and instruments and reflects on their influence on the balance of power. The third section puts forward conclusions and recommendations for enhancing the influence of emerging markets and developing countries on the shaping and functioning of the emerging digital economy’s regulatory mechanisms.
Trade Openness and Competitiveness: BRICS and Sub-Saharan Africa Countries
Authors:   College of Business Administration Taibah University, Jamel Lamia , Derbali Abdelkader ,   Community College Taibah University, Lamouchi Ali ,   College of Business Administration Qassim University, Elnagar Ahmed ,   Community College Taibah University
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study is to highlight the key competitiveness elements that promote trade flows between the BRICS countries of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa and those in Sub-Saharan Africa. To do so, we employ the econometrics of panel data during the period of study from 1995 to 2018. We apply the Blundell and Bond GMM estimator [1998] and we utilize Sargan’s [1958] over-identification test to confirm the validity of delayed variables in level and difference as instruments used in our estimations. The empirical findings of our study show that trade policy actions, high natural resource allocation and the evolution of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of the participating countries promote this trade openness between BRICS and Sub-Saharan Africa economies. Additionally, African countries need to develop their industrial sector to export more high-value manufactured products.
Il medico a teatro
Authors: Natali Ilaria
Published: June 2021

The original style and contents of Nathaniel Lee’s production have often been interpreted as indicative of the author’s alleged mental illness. This contribution proposes a new approach to Lee’s works, suggesting that the tragedy Brutus (1680), which contains a sort of nosology of alterations in thought and behaviour, is a liminal text on the border between literature and medical treatise. Lee appropriates the scientific discourse of his time not only to question recent notions of mental disorder, but also to articulate a reflection on the condition of power in the political world.
Suspended Quotations
Authors: Bianchi Francesca
Published: June 2021

By joining manual analysis and corpus linguistics methods, this paper compares and contrasts the use of suspended quotations in Charles Dickens and Jane Austen. An analysis of two authors whose styles, aims and literary contexts are so different is functional to creating a list of functions typically performed by suspended quotation generally. The study shows that some roles of the suspended quotation reported for Dickens’ novels in previous literature are indeed specific to this writer and his idea of narrative, while others can be considered ‘author-independent’. Furthermore, the current analysis has revealed that suspended quotations lend themselves to a much wider range of functions than those reported and described in the literature thus far.
La rinascita della tragedia dallo spirito del blues nel teatro di August Wilson
Authors: Rapetti Valentina
Published: June 2021

Born in 1945 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, August Wilson was the most prolific and represented African American playwright of the twentieth century. His Century Cycle, a series of ten plays that chronicle the lives of African Americans from the early 1900s to the late 1990s, is an expression of Wilson’s spiritual realism, a form of drama that, while adhering to some conventions of the Western realist tradition, also introduces elements of innovation inspired by blues music and Yoruba cosmology. This essay analyses the double cultural genealogy of Wilson’s work to show how, despite respecting the Aristotelian principle of mìmesis, his playwriting draws on a quintessentially black aesthetic. In conceiving of theatre as a ritualistic performative context where music and words intertwine, Wilson restored what Friedrich Nietzsche regarded as the authentic spirit of Greek tragedy – the harmony between Dionysian and Apollonian – while at the same time injecting an African American ethos into the Western theatrical canon.
Glutathione reductase (GR) activity assessment for zebrafish brain tissue v1
Authors: Sachett Adrieli , Gallas-Lopes Matheus , M M Conterato Greicy , P Herrmann Ana , Piato Angelo
Published: June 2021

Zebrafish are being increasingly used as a model animal in neuroscience research. Here we describe a protocol to assess brain tissue activity of glutathione reductase (GR), an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to the reduced form glutathione (GSH) which has a critical role in counterbalancing oxidative damage.
Antioxidant activity by reduced glutathione (GSH) assay: in vitro protocol v1
Authors: Sachett Adrieli , Gallas-Lopes Matheus , M M Conterato Greicy , P Herrmann Ana , Piato Angelo
Published: June 2021

Considering the role of oxidative stress in the pathology of several diseases and the use of antioxidants as treatment and/or adjuvants in these conditions. Here we propose a protocol to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of compounds by the GSH method, through the ability to prevent the oxidation of GSH (reduced glutathione) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), measured by the remaining groups of GSH that react with DTNB. This protocol was standardized at LAPCOM (Psychopharmacology and Behavior Laboratory at UFRGS) to assess biochemical parameters in vitro.
Laboratory Protocols for Ancient and Modern Dental Calculus DNA Processing (Fellows Yates et al. 2021) v3
Authors: A Fellows Yates James , Velsko Irina , Aron Franziska , Hofman Courtney , Warinner Christina
Published: June 2021

Collection of protocols used for Fellows Yates et al. "The evolution and changing ecology of the hominid primate oral microbiome". Bioinformatics analysis can be found on GitHub at https://github.com/jfy133/Anthropoid_Calculus_Microbiome_Evolution/. This collection describes the laboratory procedures used for sampling, (ancient) DNA extraction, library construction and preparation for Illumina sequencing of ancient and modern dental calculus samples. Sampling - Dental calculus Field-Sampling Protocol (Warinner Version) - Dental Calculus Field-Sampling Protocol (Sabin version) Extraction - Ancient DNA Extraction from Dental Calculus with Consolidant Removal - DNA Extraction from Modern Dental Calculus Library preparation - Non-UDG treated double-stranded DNA library preparation for Illumina sequencing ofancient dental calculus - (Non-UDG treated) double-stranded modern dental calculus DNA library preparation for Illumina sequencing - Full-UDG treated double-stranded ancient DNA library preparation for Illumina sequencing of ancient dental calculus (reduced input DNA) Indexing - Illumina double-stranded DNA dual indexing for ancient DNA Preparation for Sequencing - Amplification and Pooling
Cartography of Critical Legal Theories: Notes for a Reflection on the Relation between Law and Power
Authors: Merino-Sancho Victor
Published: June 2021

This paper proposes an identification of the main arguments suggested by certain critical theories concerning the relationship between law and power. In order to (re)think the function of law as an instrument not only of power, but as an element of social transformation, we promote here a reflection on aspects raised by these theories; among others, the same notion of power, oppression, intersectionality or decoloniality. These categories are relevant to examine how law regulates the experiences of discrimination of specific social groups, highlighting the intimate relationship between the social contexts, the premises and the legal answers. To do so, we examine in particular how asylum law responds to claims grounded on sexual orientation and gender identity. Finally, this reasoning suggests a conception of law oriented to action and the social change.
Critical Legal Essay to Advocate Iranian Children's Right to "Proper" Education
Authors: Bostani Fateme
Published: June 2021

This article aims to create a critical legal essay to answer the main question of how to help Iranian governance in improving the respect of children's right to "proper education"? The concept of the "right to proper education" serves the Iranian children's right to education more consistently with the very sociocultural-Islamic context of this developing country rather than an allegedly occidental form of right to education. To create such an approach, we have combined a critical view to the Iranian legal system, as well as a sociological view to the Iranian educational system, while benefiting the philosophical results of an inquiry on virtue ethics and Islamic education. Finally, this critical legal essay suggests the Iranian governance to be open to a shift toward a modern contractual authority in the educational system to be more compatible with the psycho-emotional needs of children and at the same time to apply the virtue ethics' political advice to move toward a liberal form of educational policies that promotes the virtues of autonomy and toleration.
Right to Health and the Social Determinants of Health in the Face of COVID-19. Tthe Spanish Experience after Austerity Policies
Authors: Lema Añón Carlos
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has particularly affected Spain in 2020. Although the specific causes and Spain’s response—as well as the aspects to be improved—are yet to be evaluated, many experts agree that this crisis has magnified some of the problems of the Spanish health system, highlighting the problems derived from the cuts in the capacities of the health and public health systems. We assess the current situation from the perspective of the right to health in its twofold dimension: health care and social determinants. For this purpose, we look into the configuration of the right to health in Spain and how the economic crisis and austerity policies affected it. In particular, we consider the impact both on institutional health care systems and in terms of social determinants of health. Finally, we make several proposals for strengthening the right to health.
Uncertainty Tolerance in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Miliutina Kateryna , Knyazev Vladislav
Published: June 2021

The study involved 45 children aged 7 to 9 years (mean age 7.9 years) diagnosed with ADHD, diagnosed by a psychoneurologist. Of our respondents there were 37 boys and 8 girls. All children attended secondary school, they did not have inclusive education. However, parents sought psychological help since they had impaired adaptation to school: behavioral disorders and lack of academic performance. A table of observation of emotional reactions and analysis of created stories was used to study children’s behavioral characteristics with ADHD. The task of compiling stories using five cubes (stimulus material – "Cubes of stories") was used as an independent variable. The observation table, created as a modification of the scale of differential emotions of Izzard, allowed to identify the specifics of children’s emotional reactions to different conditions of storytelling. This task was proposed to be performed in three different ways:
1) The child independently chooses cubes.
2) The cubes fall out accidentally, the glass with them shakes the child.
3) The cubes fall out accidentally; a glass with them shakes an adult.
Children with ADHD are not a homogeneous group. In our study, they were divided into two subgroups, "risky" and "anxious". There is a high tolerance for uncertainty in the first of them, and in a situation of unpredictability and uncertainty, they are activated, emotionally uplifted, and some improvement in speech. In the second subgroup – a low level of tolerance for uncertainty, in these situations, children feel anxious, and if they think that they can somehow influence it, then guilt. In the "risky" group, children in a situation of uncertainty were dominated by interest, joy, and surprise. The children sometimes got angry and sad if the dice were "not good" and felt it would be challenging to write a story.
The emotional spectrum in uncertainty in the anxiety group was different: fear, sadness, anger, and frustration. Disappointment and guilt arose in the children of this group when they threw the dice on their own. They considered themselves guilty of something unpleasant or difficult.