bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
81 MEMBRANE AND CYTOSOLIC CALCIUM PROTEINS, TRPV6, PMCA1, NCKX3, NCX1 AND CaBP-28k, APPEAR TO BE DISTINCTLY REGULATED IN HUMAN CHORIOCARCINOMA AND PLACENTAL CELLS
Authors: Jeung E. B. , Yang H.
Published: December 2011

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disease characterised by de novo development of concurrent hypertension, proteinuria and oxidative stress in the placenta. In the placenta, intervillous blood flow increases after 10 weeks of gestation and results in exposure of trophoblast cells to oxygen. Hypoxia occurs during the development of placenta in the first trimester and is implicated in trophoblast differentiation. Ca2+ is a universal intracellular second messenger involved in many processes such as signal transduction, hormone secretion and programmed cell death. Human placental primary cell cultures were established from first-trimester human placentas (at 7 to 12 weeks of gestation). In this study, calcium-related proteins (CRPs; TRPV6, PMCA1, NCKX3 and CaBP-28k) were investigated at normoxia (5% CO2 in 95% air) or hypoxia (2% O2/93% N2/5%CO2) for 12 h in human placental cell line (BeWo) and human placental primary cell (hPC). We confirmed mRNA expression by real-time PCR and protein expression by Western blot analysis. The data were 2 or 3 individual experiments with triplicate samples and analysed by one-way ANOVA using Tukey's multiple comparison test. In hypoxia, the level of TRPV6 mRNA and protein was not changed, however, calcium transporters' (NCKX3, CaBP-28k) mRNA and protein expressions were significantly increased in hypoxic BeWo cell compared with control (normoxia). In addition, expression of PMCA1 mRNA and protein was decreased in hypoxic BeWo cells. In hPC, CRPs (TRPV6, PMCA1, NCKX3 and CaBP-28k) mRNA and protein expressions were significantly induced by hypoxic stress compared with control. These results, taken together, indicate that alterations of calcium transporters in hypoxic stress may be involved in calcium transport in the placenta and protection of the placental trophoblasts from the oxidative stress during the pregnancy.
84 MARKERS OF DNA METHYLATION IN OVINE UTERO–PLACENTAL TISSUES DURING EARLY PREGNANCY: EFFECTS OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Grazul-Bilska A. T. , Johnson M. L. , Borowicz P. P. , Redmer D. A. , Reynolds L. P.
Published: December 2011

Compromised pregnancies can be caused by genetic, epigenetic, environmental and/or other factors. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) may have profound effects on placental and fetal development, leading eventually to compromised pregnancy. DNA methylation, regulated by DNA methyltransferases (Dnmt) and other factors, plays an important role during embryonic, including placental, development. Altered DNA methylation in the trophoblast and, subsequently, the placenta has been reported for compromised pregnancies and may contribute to embryonic/fetal loss. Little is known, however, about DNA methylation processes in placental tissues during early stages of normal or compromised pregnancies in any species. Thus, we hypothesised that ART would affect the expression of 5 methylcytosine (5mC; a marker of global methylation) and mRNA for Dnmt1, 3a and 3b in utero-placental tissues during early pregnancy in sheep. Pregnancies (n = 7 per group) were achieved through natural breeding (NAT, control), or transfer of embryos generated through natural breeding (NAT-ET), in vitro fertilization (IVF) or in vitro activation (IVA; parthenogenetic clones). On Day 22 of pregnancy, caruncle (CAR; maternal placenta) and fetal membranes (FM; fetal placenta) were snap-frozen separately for RNA extraction followed by quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, cross sections of gravid uterus were fixed and then used for immunohistochemical detection and image analysis of 5 mC in FM. In FM, expression of mRNA for Dnmt3a was ∼2-fold greater (P < 0.01) in IVA compared with the other groups and was similar in NAT, NAT-ET and IVF groups. Expression of 5 mC was ∼2- to 3-fold greater (P < 0.02) in IVF and IVA than in NAT. In CAR, mRNA expression for Dnmt1 was ∼1.5-fold greater (P < 0.04) in IVA compared with the other groups, but Dnmt3a expression was less (P < 0.04) in NAT-ET and IVA than NAT. Expression of mRNA for Dnmt1 in FM and 3b in FM and CAR was similar in all groups. In IVA and/or IVF pregnancy, increased expression of Dnmt3a mRNA and/or 5 mC in FM may indicate de novo methylation in the fetal placenta. Furthermore, in pregnancies created through ART, decreased expression of Dnmt3a in CAR may indicate reduced de novo methylation in maternal placenta. Thus, in sheep, ART may have specific effects on growth and function of utero-placental and fetal tissues through regulation of DNA methylation and likely other mechanisms. These data provide a foundation for determining the basis for altered DNA methylation of specific genes in placental and embryonic tissues in compromised pregnancies. In addition, these data will help us to better understand placental regulatory mechanisms in compromised pregnancies and to identify strategies for rescuing such pregnancies.
Supported by Hatch Project ND01712; USDA grant 2007-01215 to LPR and ATGB, NIH grant HL64141 to LPR and DAR and NSF-MRI-ARRA grant to ATGB.
9 EFFECTS OF MECLOFENAMIC ACID ON LUTEAL FUNCTION OF BEEF CATTLE
Authors: Messerschmidt C. A. , Abreu F. M. , Cruppe L. H. , Biehl M. V. , Day M. L. , Pinto C. R. F. , Coutinho da Silva M. A.
Published: December 2011

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of meclofenamic acid, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, on luteal function of beef cattle. A total of 18 Angus cows, aged between 2 and 3 years old, were enrolled in the experiment. All cows were synchronized using a 5-day CIDR protocol. Briefly, cows received 100 μg of gonadorelin diacetate tetrahydrate (GnRH; Cystorelin®, Merial, Athens, GA, USA) and a controlled internal drug release insert (CIDR; Eazi-BreedTM CIDR®, Pfizer Animal Health, New York, NY, USA). Five days later, the CIDR was removed and 50 mg of dinoprost (Lutalyse®, Pfizer Animal Health) was administered intramuscularly. Oestrus was determined by twice daily observations of mounting behaviour and tail painting scores (day of oestrus = Day 0). At 72 h after dinoprost, a second dose of gonadorelin (100 μg, IM) was administered. On Day 14, cows were randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: 1) control: 10 mL of saline solution administered IM; 2) systemic: 2 g of meclofenamic acid administered IM; and 3) oral: 2 g of meclofenamic acid administered orally. Cows were treated once daily for 11 days (i.e. until Day 24) and no adverse reactions were observed. Blood sampling and ovarian ultrasonography were performed every 72 h from Day 0 until Day 12 and then every 48 h until the end of the study. Serum progesterone concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay and were used to determine functional luteolysis (i.e. progesterone <1 ng mL–1). Ovaries were evaluated for the presence of a corpus luteum and to evaluate follicular growth and subsequent ovulation. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the day of peak progesterone concentration, lifespan of the corpus luteum and the length of the oestrous cycle between groups. Significance was set at P < 0.05 and data are presented as means ± standard error of the mean (Table 1). There were no effects of meclofenamic acid administration on any of the parameters evaluated (P > 0.05). In conclusion, meclofenamic acid administration did not affect luteal function in our study. Potentially, higher doses of meclofenamic acid may be necessary to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and prevent luteolysis.

Table 1.Effects of meclofenamic acid administration on the day of peak progesterone concentration, lifespan of the corpus luteum (CL) and the length of oestrous cycle in beef cows (mean ± standard error of the mean)

Funding was provided by The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, USDA-Animal Health Formula Funds. The authors are also grateful to the staff at the OSU Beef Center Facility for helping with animal handling and care.
Paraquat neurotoxicity is mediated by the dopamine transporter and organic cation transporter-3
Authors: Rappold Phillip M. , Cui Mei , Chesser Adrianne S. , Tibbett Jacqueline , Grima Jonathan C. , Duan Lihua , Sen Namita , Javitch Jonathan A. , Tieu Kim
Published: December 2011

The herbicide paraquat (PQ) has increasingly been reported in epidemiological studies to enhance the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). Furthermore, case-control studies report that individuals with genetic variants in the dopamine transporter (
DAT
,
SLC6A
) have a higher PD risk when exposed to PQ. However, it remains a topic of debate whether PQ can enter dopamine (DA) neurons through DAT. We report here a mechanism by which PQ is transported by DAT: In its native divalent cation state, PQ
2+
is not a substrate for DAT; however, when converted to the monovalent cation PQ
+
by either a reducing agent or NADPH oxidase on microglia, it becomes a substrate for DAT and is accumulated in DA neurons, where it induces oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. Impaired DAT function in cultured cells and mutant mice significantly attenuated neurotoxicity induced by PQ
+
. In addition to DAT, PQ
+
is also a substrate for the organic cation transporter 3 (Oct3, Slc22a3), which is abundantly expressed in non-DA cells in the nigrostriatal regions. In mice with Oct3 deficiency, enhanced striatal damage was detected after PQ treatment. This increased sensitivity likely results from reduced buffering capacity by non-DA cells, leading to more PQ
+
being available for uptake by DA neurons. This study provides a mechanism by which DAT and Oct3 modulate nigrostriatal damage induced by PQ
2+
/PQ
+
redox cycling.
Dynamic model of flexible phytoplankton nutrient uptake
Authors: Bonachela Juan A. , Raghib Michael , Levin Simon A.
Published: December 2011

The metabolic machinery of marine microbes can be remarkably plastic, allowing organisms to persist under extreme nutrient limitation. With some exceptions, most theoretical approaches to nutrient uptake in phytoplankton are largely dominated by the classic Michaelis–Menten (MM) uptake functional form, whose constant parameters cannot account for the observed plasticity in the uptake apparatus. Following seminal ideas by earlier researchers, we propose a simple cell-level model based on a dynamic view of the uptake process whereby the cell can regulate the synthesis of uptake proteins in response to changes in both internal and external nutrient concentrations. In our flexible approach, the maximum uptake rate and nutrient affinity increase monotonically as the external nutrient concentration decreases. For low to medium nutrient availability, our model predicts uptake and growth rates larger than the classic MM counterparts, while matching the classic MM results for large nutrient concentrations. These results have important consequences for global coupled models of ocean circulation and biogeochemistry, which lack this regulatory mechanism and are thus likely to underestimate phytoplankton abundances and growth rates in oligotrophic regions of the ocean.
Thyroid status two decades after salt iodization: country‐wide data in school children from India
Authors: Marwaha Raman K. , Tandon Nikhil , Garg M. K. , Desai Ankush , Kanwar Ratnesh , Sastry Aparna , Narang Archna , Arora Saurav , Bhadra Kuntal
Published: December 2011

Objective  Country‐wide evaluation of thyroid disorders in school children following two decades of universal salt iodization (USI) has not been carried out till date. This study was planned with aim to assess thyroid status of school children two decades after the launch of USI programme.

Design  Population survey.

Patients  We collected data from 25 schools in 19 cities across five different geographical zones of India. Those children who were evaluated for anthropometry, and goitre status by palpation formed ‘total population’. Children who consented to give blood samples were defined as ‘study population’.

Measurements  Serum free T3, free T4, TSH, anti‐TPO antibody and thyroid ultrasound.

Results  A total of 38 961 children aged 5–15 years formed total population. Goitre rate was 15·5% while thyroid hypoechogenicity was found in 4404 (11·3%) children. In the study population (13 790 children), 2258 (16·4%) had goitre, 505 (3·7%) had positive anti‐TPO antibody titres, 1001 (7·3%) had hypothyroidism (TSH > 5·2 μIU/ml) and 41 (0·3%) had thyrotoxicosis (TSH < 0·1 μIU/ml). Among goitrous children, 203 (9·0%) had anti‐TPO positivity, 365 (16·1%) had hypoechogenicity of thyroid and either of these were present in 488 (21·6%) children.

Conclusions  Endemic goitre in school children persisted nationwide, despite more than two decades of USI programme. Thyroid autoimmunity only partially explains the increase in goitre prevalence.
Effect of pelvic floor muscle exercise programme on stress urinary incontinence among pregnant women
Authors: Sangsawang Bussara , Serisathien Yaowalak
Published: December 2011

sangsawang b. & serisathien y. (2012) Effect of pelvic floor muscle exercise programme on stress urinary incontinence among pregnant women. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(9), 1997–2007.

Aim.  This article is a report of a study of the effects of a pelvic floor muscle exercise programme on the severity of stress urinary incontinence in pregnant women.

Background.  Pregnancy is main risk factor for the development of stress urinary incontinence. Stress urinary incontinence can be cured by pelvic floor muscle exercise which is a safe inexpensive treatment with no complications and does not require the use of instruments.

Methodology.  A quasi‐experimental study, pre–post test with control group design was used at the antenatal care unit in a tertiary care hospital between June and October of 2006. The participants were 66 pregnant women who had stress urinary incontinence with gestational ages of 20–30 weeks. The main outcome measure was severity of stress urinary incontinence which comprised frequency and amount of urine leakage and perceived severity of stress urinary incontinence.

Results.  After the experimental group’s participation in the pelvic floor muscle exercise programme, the frequency and amount of urine leakage and the score of perceived stress urinary incontinence severity were significantly lower than the same scores before participation in the programme. In addition, women in the experimental group had frequency and volume of urine leakage, and score of perceived stress urinary incontinence severity after participation significantly lower than those in the control group.

Conclusion.  The 6‐week pelvic floor muscle exercise programme was able to decrease the severity of symptoms in pregnant women with stress urinary incontinence.
Systematics of the Hipposideros turpis complex and a description of a new subspecies from Vietnam
Authors: THONG Vu Dinh , PUECHMAILLE Sebastien J. , DENZINGER Annette , BATES Paul J.J. , DIETZ Christian , CSORBA Gabor , SOISOOK Pipat , TEELING Emma C. , MATSUMURA Sumiko , FUREY Neil M. , SCHNITZLER Hans‐Ulrich
Published: December 2011

Hipposideros turpis is traditionally known as a species composed of three subspecies, H. t. turpis, H. t. alongensis and H. t. pendleburyi, distributed disjunctly in south‐west Japan, north‐east Vietnam and south‐west Thailand, respectively. Prior to the present study, the systematic status of forms within the species remained unclear.

Using morphological (external, bacular, cranial and dental characters), genetic and echolocation data, we demonstrate that turpis, alongensis and pendleburyi represent three distinct species, and that these species are endemic to Japan, Vietnam and Thailand, respectively. They are very distinct genetically and do not even form a monophyletic group.

We also prove that H. alongensis is composed of two subspecies, H. a. alongensis and H. a. sungi. The latter subspecies is described as new to science. To date, H. a. alongensis appears to be restricted to the Cat Ba Island of Cat Ba National Park, west Ha Long Bay, whereas H. a. sungi ssp. nov. is known from three localities in mainland northeast Vietnam. These two subspecies are distinguished by body size, molecular data and the frequency of the constant‐frequency component of their echolocation signals.
Search for poly(A) polymerase targets in E. coli reveals its implication in surveillance of Glu tRNA processing and degradation of stable RNAs
Authors: Maes Alexandre , Gracia Céline , Hajnsdorf Eliane , Régnier Philippe
Published: December 2011

Polyadenylation is a universal post‐transcriptional modification involved in degradation and quality control of bacterial RNAs. In Escherichia coli, it is admitted that any accessible RNA 3′ end can be tagged by a poly(A) tail for decay. However, we do not have yet an overall view of the population of polyadenylated molecules. The sampling of polyadenylated RNAs presented here demonstrates that rRNA fragments and tRNA precursors originating from the internal spacer regions of the rrn operons, in particular, rrnB are abundant poly(A) polymerase targets. Focused analysis showed that Glu tRNA precursors originating from the rrnB and rrnG transcripts exhibit long 3′ trailers that are primarily removed by PNPase and to a lesser extent by RNase II and poly(A) polymerase. Moreover, 3′ trimming by exoribonucleases precedes 5′ end maturation by RNase P. Interestingly, characterization of RNA fragments that accumulate in a PNPase deficient strain showed that Glu tRNA precursors still harbouring the 5′ leader can be degraded by a 3′ to 5′ quality control pathway involving poly(A) polymerase. This demonstrates that the surveillance of tRNA maturation described for a defective tRNA also applies to a wild‐type tRNA.
Bitter taster status predicts susceptibility to vection‐induced motion sickness and nausea
Authors: Benson P. W. , Hooker J. B. , Koch K. L. , Weinberg R. B.
Published: December 2011

Background  Sensitivity to bitter taste and susceptibility to nausea are both protective mechanisms that guard against toxin ingestion, and both these traits vary within and between populations. Thus, we postulated that they may have co‐evolved, such that they are associated.

Methods  Bitter taster status was determined in 40 subjects (13 men, 27 women) by measuring the differential perceived taste intensity between salt and n‐propylthiouracil using a labeled magnitude scale; susceptibility to vection‐induced motion sickness and nausea was assessed using an optokinetic drum, a validated multi‐symptom scoring scale, and electrogastrography.

Key Results  Taster status distribution was 25% non‐tasters (NT), 40% tasters (T), and 35% supertasters (ST). Gender had no impact on this distribution, but females had a higher mean maximum symptom score than males (12.4 ± 1.4 vs 7.3 ± 2.0). Non‐tasters displayed a faster and larger increase in mean symptom scores, had a higher percentage of subjects with high maximum symptom scores, and had a higher mean maximum score than T or ST, (14.8 ± 2.6 vs 7.1 ± 1.8, vs 9.8 ± 2.0). Taster status did not affect the gastric myoelectric frequency response to vection.

Conclusions & Inferences  Non‐tasters are more susceptible to vection‐induced motion sickness and nausea than T or ST, suggesting these two traits may have co‐evolved in a reciprocal manner: in environments where the NT trait conferred an evolutionary advantage by enabling intake of fruits and vegetables containing bitter, yet beneficial, phytonutrients, increased nausea susceptibility may have arisen to maintain protection against ingested toxins.
Habitat heterogeneity influences cold‐seep macrofaunal communities within and among seeps along the Norwegian margin – Part 2: contribution of chemosynthesis and nutritional patterns
Authors: Decker Carole , Olu Karine
Published: December 2011

The relative contribution of chemosynthesis in heterotrophic fauna at seeps is known to be influenced by depth and by habitat. Using stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen, we investigated macro‐ and megafaunal nutritional patterns in Norwegian margin cold seeps by comparing food webs both among habitats within a seep site and between different sites. The very active Håkon Mosby mud volcano (HMMV) is characterized by geochemical gradients, microbial activity and faunal zonation from the centre to the periphery. The Storegga Slide (600–900 m depth) has pockmarks with patchy less active seeps, and also shows concentric zonation of habitats but at much smaller spatial scale. The dominant carbon source for macrofaunal nutrition in both areas was chemosynthetically fixed and the bulk of organic carbon was derived from sulphur‐oxidizing bacteria. In HMMV, food chains were clearly separated according to habitats, with significantly lighter δ13C signatures on microbial mats and adjacent sediment (−33.06 to −50.62‰) than in siboglinid fields (−19.83 to −35.03‰). Mixing model outputs revealed that the contribution of methane‐derived carbon was small in siboglinid fields (0–17%) but significant (39–61%) in the microbial mats. Moreover, the variability of macrofauna signatures within this later habitat suggests the co‐occurrence of two food chains, one based on primary production via methanotrophy and the other via sulphide oxidation. The length of the food chains also varied among habitats, with at least one more trophic level in the siboglinid fields located at the periphery of the volcano. Conversely, in Storrega pockmarks, faunal δ13C signatures did not vary among habitats but among species, although separate food chains seem to co‐occur. The small size of the seepage areas and their lower fluxes compared to HMMV allow more background species to penetrate the seep area, increasing the range of δ15N and the trophic level number. Probably due to the higher flux of photosynthetic particulate organic carbon, the overall chemosynthesis‐based carbon contribution in invertebrate nutrition was lower than that in HMMV.
Severe acute liver injury associated with lumiracoxib
Authors: Pillans Peter I , Ghiculescu Razvan A , Lampe Guy , Wilson Robert , Wong Richard , Macdonald Graeme A
Published: December 2011

Backgound and Aim:  Significant elevations in liver transaminases were noted in some patients during pre‐marketing clinical trials with lumiracoxib, a selective COX‐2 inhibitor. It was withdrawn from the Australian market in August 2007, because of an association with severe liver injury. We describe in detail three cases of severe liver injury in patients taking lumiracoxib

Methods:  Three patients admitted to our hospital with severe liver injury and taking lumiracoxib are described in detail, together with information on a further six cases reported to the Australian Therapeutics Goods Administration (TGA), none of whom had pre‐existing liver disease or obvious risk factors for liver disease.

Results:  Liver histology showed severe hepatic necrosis. One patient required liver transplantation and another died. Autoantibodies were detected in all three patients. As with the other six cases reported to the TGA, all were females who had been taking lumiracoxib 200–400 mg daily, typically for a few months, for osteoarthritis.

Conclusions:  Lumiracoxib can be associated with severe liver injury. The presence of a variety of positive auto‐antibodies suggests an altered immune response may be contributory.
Bone marrow cells: Important role on neovascularization of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Haitao , Shao Qianwen , Sun Xitai , Deng Zhengming , Yuan Xianwen , Zhou Xiang , Ding Yitao
Published: December 2011

Background and Aim:  Present antivascular therapies including embolization to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were not as satisfying as expected. The aim was to explore whether or not bone marrow cells (BMCs) played an important role on neovascularization in HCC.

Methods:  Bone marrow‐GFP+ orthotropic HCC mice model was used. In controls and HCC mice, the dynamic change of circulating BMCs and serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) were measured by flow cytometry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Intrahepatic distribution of BMCs was evaluated using immunofluorescent and realtime polymerase chain reaction protocols. BMCs' intrahepatic differentiation and proportion in vessels was investigated by immunofluorescent methods. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were performed to examine the expression of adhesion molecule in tumor tissues and tumor free tissues.

Results:  Compared with controls, the frequency of circulating BMCs and serum VEGF, PDGF were much higher in HCC mice. The number of BMCs and the level of CD133 gene in tumor increased significantly relative to the tumor free zone. Since the early stage of HCC, BMCs have been mobilized, recruited into tumor and incorporated into different types of vessels of the liver. Besides into endothelial cells, BMCs also differentiated into vascular fibroblast and hepatic stellate cells. Moreover with tumor growth, the proportion of BMCs in vessels increased gradually.

Conclusion:  Mobilized BMCs played an important role in tumor vasculogenesis of HCC. Combined blockading of bone marrow‐mediated vasculogenesis may improve the efficacy of current therapy to HCC patients.
Is the pleth variability index a surrogate for pulse pressure variation in a pediatric population undergoing spine fusion?
Authors: Feldman Jeffrey M. , Sussman Emily , Singh Devika , Friedman Ben J.
Published: December 2011

Objective:  To compare simultaneous measurements of pulse pressure variation (PPV) and pleth variability index (PVI) in patients undergoing spinal fusion.

Aims:  To determine if PVI can be used as a surrogate for PPV and also the influence of the prone position on these measurements.

Background:  Spine fusion is an involved surgical procedure requiring attention to fluid administration. Dynamic indices for assessing fluid responsiveness like PPV have proven useful to guide fluid administration. Plethysmographic waveform variation like PVI is an appealing surrogate for measurements like PPV that require invasive arterial pressure measurement. Spine fusion patients are unique and the potential of either PPV or PVI to guide fluid therapy has not been studied.

Methods:  Patients undergoing spine fusion for scoliosis were studied. In addition to the usual monitors including direct arterial pressure measurement, a multi‐wavelength pulse co‐oximeter was applied to measure PVI. Paired measurements of PPV and PVI were obtained and limits of agreement determined using the method of Bland and Altman. PPV and PVI in prone and supine positions were compared by paired t‐test.

Results:  The bias between PVI and PPV measurements was −0.56% with 95% limits of agreement of +21.67% to −20.55%. There was no significant difference between the prone and supine measurements at the P = 0.05 level (Table 1).

 Demographics of subjects and case information. Subjects 5 and 8 were excluded due to lack of data in the supine position

Subject
Age (years)
Wt (kg)
ASA
Sex
Duration (h)
EBL (ml)
Average TV (ml)
Average PIP (cmH2O)
IV Fluid (ml)
Blood (ml)

001
12
43.7
2
M
5.33
1000
401
19
4000
150

002
17
62.2
1
M
7.63
1250
518
20
4000
275

003
16
50
2
F
6.9
1700
355
19
4500
881

004
16
71.3
2
F
6.67
500
524
18
4500
0

006
17
62.3
2
F
6.15
600
490
17
3500
600

007
18
54
2
M
6.12
600
419
15
4200
0

009
11
52.4
1
F
7.27
300
348
29
3000
0

010
14
24.5
3
F
8.37
600
290
18
3500
380

011
18
72.1
2
M
7.02
400
397
15
3100
0

012
16
64.1
1
M
8.9
850
411
20
3300
120

013
13
39.2
3
F
5.33
1100
261
17
5250
739

014
13
49.6
2
M
8.3
1500
376
17
5000
885

015
14
45.2
2
M
6.43
600
350
18
3200
0

016
11
64.6
2
F
6.48
325
468
18
3000
0

017
18
62.1
2
M
8.37
1400
440
21
4000
0

018
13
44
1
F
11.4
400
297
16
4900
0

019
17
67.7
2
M
7.07
600
472
18
4400
100

020
14
47
2
F
4.53
200
351
18
3400
200

021
15
69.3
2
M
6.28
800
570
17
5000
150

022
18
62.5
1
M
7.82
1100
471
17
3250
1100

023
16
56
2
M
6.48
800
370
19
4000
800

024
14
37.8
3
M
8.62
900
342
17
4000
200

EBL, estimated blood loss; TV, tidal volume; PIP, peak inspiratory pressure.

Conclusions:  Our data indicate that PVI is not a surrogate for PPV. PVI measurements were not influenced by changing from the supine to prone position and therefore may prove useful for patients undergoing spine surgery.
The Jews, the Revolution, and the Old Regime in French Anti-Semitism and Durkheim's Sociology
Authors: Goldberg Chad Alan
Published: December 2011

The relationship between European sociology and European anti-Semitism in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is investigated through a case study of one sociologist, Émile Durkheim, in a single country, France. Reactionary and radical forms of anti-Semitism are distinguished and contrasted to Durkheim's sociological perspective. Durkheim's remarks about the Jews directly addressed anti-Semitic claims about them, their role in French society, and their relationship to modernity. At the same time, Durkheim was engaged in a reinterpretation of the French Revolution and its legacies that indirectly challenged other tenets of French anti-Semitism. In sum, Durkheim's work contains direct and indirect responses to reactionary and radical forms of anti-Semitism, and together these responses form a coherent alternative vision of the relationship between modernity and the Jews.
The Gift Revisited: Marcel Mauss on War, Debt, and the Politics of Reparations
Authors: Mallard Grégoire
Published: December 2011

This article offers a new interpretation of Marcel Mauss's The Gift. It situates Mauss's argument within his broader thinking on the politics of sovereign debt cancellation and the question of German reparations paid to the Allies after World War I. Mauss applauded the policies of reparation and debt cancellation proposed by the French “solidarist” activists who were responsible for inclusion of reparations provisions in the Versailles Treaty. But Mauss was also aware that their legal mobilization could not by itself restore a sense of solidarity among European peoples. Broader systems of political alliance and anthropological norms of gift-making were also necessary. In Mauss's writings on war reparations, as in The Gift, he described the legal, political, and macrostructural dynamics at work in the settlement of reparations and sovereign debts, which he differentiated from the dynamics at work in the speculative logics of financial capitalism. In doing so, Mauss provided insights into the settlement of sovereign debt crises, which still agitate the international community today.
The Question of Moral Action: A Formalist Position
Authors: Tavory Iddo
Published: December 2011

This article develops a research position that allows cultural sociologists to compare morality across sociohistorical cases. In order to do so, the article suggests focusing analytic attention on actions that fulfill the following criteria: (a) actions that define the actor as a certain kind of socially recognized person, both within and across fields; (b) actions that actors experience—or that they expect others to perceive—as defining the actor both intersituationally and to a greater extent than other available definitions of self; and (c) actions to which actors either have themselves, or expect others to have, a predictable emotional reaction. Such a position avoids both a realist moral sociology and descriptive-relativism, and provides sociologists with criteria for comparing moral action in different cases while staying attuned to social and historical specificity.
Papular, Profuse, and Precocious Keratosis Pilaris
Authors: Castela Emeline , Chiaverini Christine , Boralevi Franck , Hugues Rosalind , Lacour Jean Philippe
Published: December 2011

Abstract:  Keratosis pilaris (KP) is a frequent and benign condition in children characterized by the presence of rough, follicular papules and varying degrees of erythema. Different variants have been described, including simple KP and red KP. Between September 2007 and October 2010, 11 children with profuse and precocious KP seen at the department of pediatric dermatology were included. They defined an underemphasized clinical variant of childhood KP: the papular, profuse, and precocious KP characterized by early age of onset (<18 mos), extensive involvement of the limbs and cheeks, and papular nature of lesions. No clinical association has been found. The main complication was episodes of folliculitis. Diagnosis was delayed for all patients. Treatment is difficult, but association between emollient and keratolytic agents can provide some help.
A Participatory Approach to Healing and Transformation in South Africa
Authors: Morkel Elize
Published: December 2011

In this article I describe my personal journey from working as private practitioner to participating in the wider South African society. Post‐apartheid South African society struggles with overwhelming problems related to poverty, illness, violence, sexism, and racism. Moreover, in those communities where the trauma is most severe, professional resources are scarce. I propose a participatory approach which invites therapists to respond to these socio‐economic and political challenges and the problems that arise from them by thinking and acting outside the constraints of their consultation rooms and of traditional therapeutic conversations, into active participation in ways that might support healing and social transformation. I use two examples to illustrate and discuss the participatory approach with which I have engaged for over 10 years. The illustrative examples show how a participatory approach can create ripples that impact communities in healing and transformative ways.
A Social Capital Basis for Environmental Concern: Evidence from Northern New England*
Authors: Macias Thomas , Nelson Elysia
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This study, based on a random‐digit‐dialing telephone survey of adults in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, uses ordinary least squares regression to examine a relatively neglected element in the sociological literature on environmental concern, namely, the influence of an individual's social capital on the formation of environmental attitudes. We argue that it is those individuals with a greater diversity of social connections who are most likely to be influenced by ecological perspectives grounded in conservation and environmental protection. Controlling for other theoretically relevant variables, we regress an index of environmental concern that gives special emphasis to environmental‐economic trade‐offs on our measures of relational and community social capital. While confirming much of the earlier work in this area, our model provides evidence that connections to other people play an important role in determining individual concern for the environment. Specifically, the number of respondents' “weak ties”—that is, not their closest relationships—and the average occupational status of respondents' social ties, in general, were both positively correlated with environmental concern. Additionally, one of our three measures of community social capital, the number of visits from friends over the past month, was statistically significant and negatively correlated with environmental concern.
Proton therapy for lung cancer
Authors: Nichols Jr. Romaine C. , Henderson Randal H. , Huh Soon , Flampouri Stella , Li Zuofeng , Bajwa Abubakr A. , D'Agostino Harry J , Pham Dat C. , Mendenhall Nancy P. , Hoppe Bradford S.
Published: December 2011

Proton therapy is an emerging radiotherapy technology with the potential to improve the therapeutic index in the treatment of lung cancer patients. Since charged particles, such as protons, have a penetration length that can be modified by using different energies, protons offer the clinician the ability to modulate radiation dose deposition along the beam path. This facilitates an increase of the dose to the tumor target while minimizing the volume of normal tissue irradiation. Such precise delivery is particularly relevant in the setting of lung cancer where the targeted tissues are in close proximity to moderately radiation‐sensitive organs like the spinal cord, heart, and esophagus, but are also effectively surrounded by the normal lung, which is extremely sensitive to radiation damage. Proton therapy has been investigated for the treatment of surgically curable yet medically inoperable patients as well as patients with regionally advanced disease.
Age, Gender, and Reasons for Living among Australian Adults
Authors: McLaren Suzanne
Published: December 2011

Reasons for living have been identified as protective factors in relation to suicide, and much research has documented gender differences in reasons for living. In contrast, little research has investigated age differences in reasons for living. In the current study, the relationship of age to reasons for living was investigated, as was whether age and gender interact to influence reasons for living. A community sample of Australian adults (N = 970) aged 18 to 95 years (M = 48.40, SD = 20.85) completed the Reasons for Living Inventory. Results for the main effects indicated that being female was associated with higher total, child‐related concerns and fear of suicide (FS) scores, whereas increasing age was associated with higher total, responsibility to family (RF), FS, and moral objections scores. Age and gender interacted to influence RF, FS, and fear of social disapproval. For each of these reasons for living, increasing age was associated with higher scores for men; however, there was no association between age and these reasons for living scores among women. Overall, the results indicate that the influence of age, gender, or the combination of the two varies according to the reason for living being investigated.
Consensual representations of social structure in different age groups
Authors: Augoustinos Martha
Published: December 2011

The present study is an exploratory investigation into the development of consensual social representations of Australian society. Thirteen to 14‐year‐old and 16 to 17‐year‐old students from two different schools rated the degree of similarity between 12 social groups in a multidimensional scaling exercise. An adult university sample also completed a similar procedure. The younger samples tended to cluster similar groups together, whereas one 16 to 17‐year‐old sample and the adult sample generated a linear or dimensional structure of the groups. While all samples contained a fair degree of individual variation in their representations of the groups, this variation decreased with increased age, suggesting increased consensual representations of society with increased social development.
Attachment style and the structure of romantic love
Authors: Mikulincer Mario , Erev Irit
Published: December 2011

Three studies (N = 337) explored adult attachment processes. Studies 1 and 2 examined differences between secure, avoidant and ambivalent people in the concept of romantic love, and Study 3 examined differences between the three groups in actual experiences in ongoing love relationships. Study 3 explored relationships from the point of view of both partners, and examined differences among attachment groups in perceptions of both actual and ideal relationships. Findings indicated that secure people put more emphasis on intimacy than avoidant and ambivalent people, and that their relationships were characterized by high intimacy and congruence of real‐ideal and self‐partner loves. The romantic relationship of ambivalent people was characterized by their failure to realize their desire for a warm and secure love. Avoidant people experienced less intimacy than secure people, but more commitment than ambivalent people in their relationships. They were found to underestimate partners' love and to want less intense love than secure and ambivalent people.
Blushing, embarrassability and self‐consciousness
Authors: Crozier W. R. , Russell D.
Published: December 2011

A blushing questionnaire and the Self‐Consciousness scale (SCS) were completed by 86 respondents. A measure of the tendency to blush correlated significantly with the Social Anxiety subscale of the SCS, but not with the public and private subscales. Self‐rated tendency to blush was significantly correlated with rated likelihood of blushing in those situations where the individual had some responsibility for an embarrassing incident, but not in situations where others had instigated the incident.
Cross‐cutting category membership with role assignment: A means of reducing intergroup bias
Authors: Marcus‐Newhall Amy , Miller Norman , Holtz Rolf , Brewer Marilynn B.
Published: December 2011

Two experiments evaluated the effect of role assignment on intergroup bias. A social categorization model (Brewer & Miller, 1984) predicts a reduction in bias when the basis for assignment to task roles or subgroup composition in a contact situation is category independent (cross‐cut) rather than category related (convergent). Conversely, a model based on social identity theory (Brown & Wade, 1987; Deschamps & Brown, 1983) suggests that when distinct task role assignments converge with category membership, threat to group identity and consequent intergroup bias will be reduced. To clarify these conflicting predictions, we created a cooperative contact setting in which members of two experimentally created groups worked together as a team. During the team membership phase, work roles either converged with or cross‐cut initial group membership. Experiment 1 supported the predictions of the social categorization model; subjects in the cross‐cut condition perceived greater similarity among team members and, in turn, showed less intergroup bias in reward allocation, than did those in the convergent condition. Two variables hypothesized to account for this outcome were the absence of negative task attitudes and the opportunity for personalization. In Expt 2, procedures likely to increase negative task attitudes and reduce personalization were inserted into the procedure of both conditions in an experimental design that paralleled that of Expt 1. Under these conditions, the differential effects of role assignment were eliminated. Taken together, these studies suggest that cross‐cutting role assignment will reduce intergroup bias when it is implemented in a manner that does not arouse negative task attitudes but does provide opportunity for personalization of team mates.
Design of Robust Modified Repetitive-Control System for Linear Periodic Plants
Authors: Zhou Lan , She Jinhua , Wu Min , Zhang Jie
Published: December 2011

This paper concerns a linear-matrix-inequality (LMI)-based method of designing a robust modified repetitive-control system (MRCS) for a class of strictly proper plants with periodic uncertainties. It exploits the nature of control and learning and the periodicity and continuity of repetitive control to convert the design problem into a robust stabilization problem for a continuous-discrete 2D system. The LMI technique and Lyapunov stability theory are used to derive an LMI-based asymptotic stability condition that can be used directly in the design of the gains of the repetitive controller. Two tuning parameters in the condition enable preferential adjustment of control and learning. A numerical example illustrates the tuning procedure and demonstrates the effectiveness of the method.
Nonlinear PD Control of a Long-Span Cable-Supporting Manipulator in Quasi-Static Motion
Authors: Du Jingli , Bao Hong , Cui Chuanzhen , Duan Xuechao
Published: December 2011

This paper addresses modeling and control of a cable-supporting manipulator serving as the feed supporting structure of a large radio telescope. The manipulator consists of six long cables so that their curves must be considered. The end-effector is prone to vibration due to the long-span cables even if cable lengths can change perfectly just as they are expected. To deal with this problem, a feedback controller in the workspace is devised, in which the effects of both the cable length error and the pose error of the end-effector are taken into account. A controller is first devised for the resultant cable wrench exerted on the end-effector. Then the incremental relationship between the cable end force and the cable length together with the displacements of the end-effector is deduced. Combining this relationship, we convert the controller into a nonlinear one with cable length increment as the control output, which can be readily utilized in the manipulator. Numerical examples and experiments carried out on a field model of dimension 50 m validate the positioning precision of the manipulator and we can conclude the feasibility of the proposed feed supporting system.
Hematopoietic Stem-Progenitor Cells Restore Immunoreactivity and Improve Survival in Late Sepsis
Authors: Brudecki Laura , Ferguson Donald A. , Yin Deling , Lesage Gene D. , McCall Charles E. , El Gazzar Mohamed
Published: December 2011

Sepsis progresses from an early/acute hyperinflammatory to a late/chronic hypoinflammatory phase with immunosuppression. As a result of this phenotypic switch, mortality in late sepsis from persistent primary infection or opportunistic new infection often exceeds that in acute sepsis. Emerging data support that persistence of the hypoinflammatory (hyporesponsive) effector immune cells during late sepsis might involve alterations in myeloid differentiation/maturation that generate circulating repressor macrophages that do not readily clear active infection. Here, we used a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) murine model of prolonged sepsis to show that adoptive transfer of CD34+hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells after CLP improves long-term survival by 65%. CD34+cell transfer corrected the immunosuppression of late sepsis by (i) producing significantly higher levels of proinflammatory mediators uponex vivostimulation with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist lipopolysaccharide, (ii) enhancing phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages, and (iii) clearing bacterial peritonitis. Improved immunity by CD34+cell transfer decreased inflammatory peritoneal exudate of surviving late-sepsis mice. Cell tracking experiments showed that the transferred CD34+cells first appeared in the bone marrow and then homed to the spleen and peritoneum. Because CD34+cells did not affect the early-phase hyperinflammatory response, it is likely that the newly incorporated pluripotent CD34+cells differentiated into competent immune cells in blood and tissue, thereby reversing or replacing the hyporesponsive endotoxin-tolerant cells that occur and persist after the initiation of early sepsis.
MANAGING INNOVATION NETWORKS IN THE INDUSTRIAL GOODS SECTOR
Authors: LANDSPERGER JOHANNES , SPIETH PATRICK
Published: December 2011

Inter-firm networking can facilitate new product development but "[…] it is not a panacea for success" (Harris et al., 2000:229). This article is not concerned with the potential of in-house innovations but tries to reinforce network innovation as a worthy alternative, if managed appropriately. Our research includes the spread of the interaction oriented network approach to innovation literature. Relying on this literature, we hypothesize that balanced network management enhances network retention by facilitating partner selection, resource allocation, regulation, and network evaluation. Balanced network management thereby increases the network retention of the innovation network participants. Our empirical results support our hypotheses. These findings imply that balanced network management affects innovation network retention. For this reason, innovation literature should include a detailed investigation of the four network management functions' effects on innovation network success figures, such as network retention. Assessing network stability and social interaction within innovation networks might allow a better understanding of underlying retention mechanisms in the innovation network context.