bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis and evaluation of air quality in Shandong province based on AHP
Authors: Li Qina , Ji Min , Sun Yong , Zhai Xueying , Zheng Yan
Published: February 2021

In recent years, the rapid growth of economy and population has led to the continuous deterioration of air quality, so the evaluation of air quality is particularly important. According to the atmospheric environmental quality standard, this paper takes five evaluation factors as the criterion layer for the first time (SO2, NO2, CO, O3 and PM2.5), in addition, it is the first time to add the observation station as the sub criterion layer. Finally, the hierarchical structure model is constructed and the air quality of Shandong Province in the 12 months of 2016 is evaluated respectively. The results show that: in 2016, the period of better air quality in Shandong Province is mainly in summer, while in winter, the air quality is poor but the fluctuation is small; from the spatial distribution situation In a year, the region with the best air quality is the eastern coastal cities, followed by the central and western regions; in terms of the total number, the number of cities with poor air quality rating is the largest, followed by the cities with good air quality rating, and the cities with excellent air quality rating are the last, that is to say, the overall air quality of Shandong Province in 2016 is poor.
Research on Integration Track and Quantity System of Agricultural Products Logistics Resources in Low Carbon Environment
Authors: Gao Wei , Pan Ying , Shi Xiaoxue , Wu Yuxin
Published: February 2021

At present, my country’s agricultural product logistics is still in its infancy, the agricultural product circulation system is still relatively backward, the agricultural product circulation links are too many, the logistics technology level is low, the logistics cost is high, and the agricultural product circulation information is not smooth. In the context of low-carbon economy, in order to promote the integration of resources in the agricultural product supply chain system, optimize the operation between organizations and make it similar to the internal operation of the organization, and realize the rationalization and maximization of overall benefits, supply chain integration should be used Thought, carry out integrated management of agricultural product logistics, build a supply chain integrated agricultural product logistics model, and promote the integration of agricultural product production links, the integration of circulation links, and the integration of the supply chain of production and circulation links.
Research on Treatment Measures and Treatment Effects of Black and Smelly Water Body in Shenyang Area
Authors: Liang Kun , Feng Xiaoyu , Yang Bin , Dou Zhiqiang , Chen Wen
Published: February 2021

Taking Shenyang City as an example, the current situation and progress of the treatment of black and smelly water bodies in the built-up area of Shenyang City are summarized from three aspects: the distribution of black and smelly water bodies, completed renovation measures, and problem identification and diagnosis. Aims. Based on the analysis results of the pollution load of the black and smelly water body catchment unit, the remediation plan and measures for the black and smelly water body in the built-up area of Shenyang City are clarified, and the experience and effectiveness of the black and smelly water body treatment are summarized and analyzed.
Research on Ultrasonic Treatment in the Field of Actual Excess Sludge Treatment
Authors: Zhao Wei , Zhan Xianhui , Liu Weilin , Wang Shuang , Deng Jiangyang , Wei Daiyan , Sun Meng
Published: February 2021

It is generally known that that the carbon source is always insufficient in biological denitrification, and the excess sludge is difficult to dispose of in wastewater plants. This study explored the optimized ultrasonic treatment method for the excess sludge for denitrification of sewage. The response surface methodology of three factors and three levels was used to investigate the effects of ultrasound energy density, ultrasonic time and pH on cell-lysis rate, and the optimum process parameters for ultrasonic treatment for excess sludge were confirmed. The optimum cell-lysis rate was 33.891 ± 0.5% at the ultrasonic sound energy density was 2.0 W·mL−1, ultrasonic time was 40 min and pH was 7.0. The detection of the coliforms including E.coli before and after ultrasonic cracking showed that the ultrasonically cracked sludge could kill these pathogenic bacteria and achieve the effect of making the excess sludge harmless. The ultrasonic treatment experiments showed that ultrasonic treatment could inactivate these pathogenic bacteria (including E.coli) and make the excess sludge harmless.
Comparative analysis of aroma substances of vanilla co-fermented black tea
Authors: Wu Juxian , Wu Xiaorong , Yuan Guoan , Chen Xuexun , Shi Xiaoyan , Chen Haibing , Huang Baiqi
Published: February 2021

Different tea-making processes are different, and the aroma substances and main components of the tea-like products are different. The types of aromas and tastes of tea after processing are different. Vanilla, like tea, needs to be fermented and processed before it presents an attractive milk flavor. Based on the co-fermentation process of vanilla and tea, this study developed co-fermented black tea, and compared the aroma and content analysis of ordinary black tea and co-fermented black tea. The results showed that the special aroma substances of co-fermented vanilla black tea contained 2,3-dihydro-2,2,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde (0.42%); GermacreneD (1.54%); 3,7,11 -Trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecantrien-3-ol acetate (0.28%). It is a new type of mixed black tea product with richer ingredients and unique aroma.
Investigation and Analysis of China’s Rural Water Environment Status under the Background of Rural Revitalization
Authors: Yu Xialei , Yang Qiwen , Gao Wanting , Tao Yan , Chen Xu
Published: February 2021

The pollution of rural water environment has become a key bottleneck restricting China’s rural revitalization strategy. Based on the strategy of rural revitalization, this paper uses literature research methods, semi-structured interviews and questionnaire survey methods to investigate and analyze the current rural water environment of four villages in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province. We found that excessive sewage discharge from industrial and agricultural production, poor living habits of villagers, gaps in government supervision and insufficient funds are the main reasons for the deterioration of the rural water environment. Therefore, we put forward relevant policy recommendations based on the main body of water environment governance.
Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics of Phosphorus on Sediments in Panzhihua Section of Jinsha River, China
Authors: Peng Hong , Jiang Anna , Wang Hao
Published: February 2021

To characterize P adsorption-desorption in the riverbed sediments, we studied sediment physicochemical parameters affecting P dynamics, adsorption-desorption parameters such as P desorption maximum, equilibrium P concentration and P desorption capacity of bed sediments by a batch experiment. The results showed that the adsorption-desorption rate of phosphorus on sediment obviously increased, then slightly decreased, and finally reached equilibrium at 90 min of reaction. The desorption concentration of phosphorus on the surface of sediment was 0.45 mg/L when the rotational speed was 250 r/min. The increase of sediment concentration facilitated the transformation of phosphorus from dissolved state to adsorbed state. When the sediment particle size was less than 0.074 mm, the equilibrium adsorption and desorption capacity of phosphorus were 0.47 mg/g and 0.43 mg/L, respectively. In addition, high temperature was beneficial to the adsorption of phosphorus, but rarely affect the desorption of phosphorus in the sediment. The pH value of solution has little impact on the adsorption and desorption of phosphorus.
Numerical Simulation for Dispersion Characteristics of Lamb Wave Propagation in Composite Laminates with Anti-Symmetric Surface Excitation
Authors: Liu Qi , Liu Mengxue , Li Jindong , Wang Teng , Xiao Wensheng
Published: February 2021

For the nondestructive testing based on ultrasonic Lamb waves, the center frequency of the excitation signal should be appropriately selected to excite the specific Lamb wave mode in composite laminates according to the dispersion curves. However, it is difficult to achieve the dispersion curves of Lamb waves in composite laminates by using analytical methods. In this paper, the three-dimensional finite element model with the anti-symmetric surface excitation is established to analyze the dispersion characteristics of Lamb wave propagation in a composite laminate. The fundamental anti-symmetric (A0) Lamb wave mode is excited in the composite laminate by applying a concentrated force load and an anti-symmetric concentrated force load. The characteristics of Lamb wave propagation in the composite laminate are studied. Moreover, the group velocities of the A0 Lamb wave mode propagating in the composite laminate are calculated under the excitation signals with twelve different center frequencies. The group velocity dispersion curve of the A0 Lamb wave mode obtained by the established model is consistent with that of the guided wave software GUIGUW, which demonstrates the effectiveness and feasibility of the three-dimensional finite element model on analyzing the dispersion characteristics of Lamb wave propagation in the composite laminate.
Enhancing red onion agribusiness development: e-planting calendar and production allocation
Authors: Wahyuni S , Hestina J , Setiajie I A , Suryani E
Published: February 2021

Red onion farming faces some problems such as unstable price and supply, long marketing chain, and weak bargaining position of farmers as well as the quality of the onion. TheToko Tani Indonesia(TTI) program in 2017 attempted to solve the problem. The onions were bought byLembaga Usaha Pangan Masyarakat (LUPM)at 10% higher price than the market. There were 35tons/year medium-quality onions delivered to TTI, which located in a strategic location to provide consumers with easy access. The long supply chain was reduced to 3 chains (Farmers – LUPM - TTI). A research was conducted in 2018 (West and Central Java Provinces) to study the achievement of the program. Data was collected through the in-depth interview based on a structural questionnaire to 36 individuals related to the program. Results from the qualitative analyzes showed that one expected output namely shortens the supply chain, requires four modifications to be achieved. In conclusion, a packet of technology “E-Planting calendar and production Allocation” should be developed to monitor the implementation of planting and production allocation that could be monitored by related institutions.
Competitiveness effect of the UPSUS Program on rice production in West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Setiyanto A , Pabuayon I M , Quicoy C B , Camacho J V , Depositario D P T
Published: February 2021

The sustainability of rice self-sufficiency and export are expected from the implementation of the UPSUS Program on rice and the attention to the issues affecting the rice competitiveness become very important. Using rice farm household survey data, the study employed the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) and Kernel Density Estimation method of analysis. The study aimed to analyse the effects of the UPSUS Program on the global competitiveness of rice production and estimate the proportion of rice farms that produce competitively and the proportion of the total production that is produced competitively from the implementation of the UPSUS Program in West Java. Rice farming in the study sites was both financially and economically profitable before and after the implementation of the UPSUS Program and showed a slight decline in competitive and comparative advantages after the program. In 2020-2025, to increase rice competitiveness and achieving the target, the government should: (1) Maintain the area of rice planting and give more focus on higher productivity target; (2) Improve the adequacy and effectiveness of the various components of the program; and (3) Improve the provision of other services outside the program components that affect competitiveness of rice production.
Food security in the disaster-prone area: an empirical study from the rural area of Indonesia
Authors: Hidayat A R T , Rachmawati T A , Wahyuningtiyas L
Published: February 2021

Natural disasters affect food security due to low production in the affected areas, so that securing food is a top priority when a disaster occurs. This study aims to identify the food security status of a village located in disaster risk areas and formulates village development plans to reduce the risk of food insecurity. The case study area is Kaumrejo Village, Malang Regency as one of the most affected villages by the Kelud volcano eruption. This research employed a food security analysis based on the Ministry of Agriculture regulation regarding food security measurement and literature study. The results showed Kaumrejo village achieved food security a year after the disaster occurred. The status of this village’s food security quickly recovered even though local food production was hampered because the farmlands were covered by material from the eruption. One supported factors was the high import of food stocks from other regions. During the disaster response period, this village received huge support from the volunteers and the government. Upon disaster response period ended, village communities struggled to achieve their food security status as the farmland needed time to recover. The villagers need to establish alternative income generators to buy food supplies.
The papaya selection based on fruit characters: a way to assembly new preferred variety
Authors: Budiyanti T , Noflindawati  , Prihatini R , Fatria D , Sunyoto
Published: February 2021

The recent program for assembly new papaya variety was aimed to improve its quality, which based on consumer preference on papaya fruit characters namely size (small to medium), flesh thickness, flesh color (reddish, orange and chewy), and the taste (sweet). To get that kind of papaya variety, a plant breeding program could be applied to assembly. Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI) had conducted several papaya hybridizations in order to obtain a wide genetic variability. The study was carried out in Sumani Experimental Filed of ITFRI, Solok Regency, West Sumatra, and performed to select high-quality papaya hybrids based on the fruit characters. The tested genotypes were selected based on its heritability index on fruit size (length, diameter, and weight), flesh thickness and total dissolved solids (TSS). As the results, six papaya varieties were selected based on fruit character, which mirroring best quality of papaya fruit.
The effect of concentrations and exposure durations of ethylene gas on the respiration rate of tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Aprianti S , Bintoro N
Published: February 2021

Ethylene gas is often used in artificial ripening of fruit, including tomato. One of the physical characteristics which is influenced by ethylene application is the respiration rate. This research aimed to find out the effect of ethylene concentrations and exposure durations on the respiration rate of tomato in the ripening process. Ethylene concentrations of 100, 150, and 200 ppm and exposure time durations of 24, 48, and 72 hours were investigated in a 3×3 factorial design with three replications. Selected green mature tomatoes were exposed to ethylene gas, after being exposed were then loaded in the respirometer and stored in ambient room. Oxygen and carbon dioxide changes were monitored until the fruits were ripened. Using three-way repeated measurement analysis, it was found that the interaction effect of the treatments on the respiration rate only significant for time of measurements and exposure time durations (P<0.05). These finding confirmed that exposure duration was important to be considered in the application of ethylene. It could also be reported that exposure duration of 24 hours was significantly different with 48 and 72 hours, whereas these two later exposure time durations were not different.
Equilibrium and kinetic studies of methylene blue biosorption by sugar palm dregs
Authors: Hakim H M A , Supartono W
Published: February 2021

The biosorption of methylene blue onto sugar palm dregs was studied in batch biosorption system to know the equilibrium and kinetics. The operating variables studied were initial of solution pH and biosorbent dose. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used for modelling the biosorption equilibrium. The experimental was found that the increase solution pH increased the adsorption capacity from 1.72 mg g−1 at pH 2 to 15.71 mg g−1 at pH 8. The dye removal was from 54% to 93% for an increase in the biosorbent dose from 0.5 gL−1 to 2 gL−1 while adsorption capacity was reduced from 21.75 to 9.3 mg g−1. The equilibrium studied that was well interpreted by the Langmuir model with monolayer sorption capacity (qm) is 23.866 mg g−1. In kinetic studies the fits of pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Ritchie and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models were investigated. It was obtained that the biosorption process followed the pseudo-second order rate kinetics.
Development of short-term evapotranspiration forecasting model using time series method for supporting the precision agriculture management in tropics
Authors: Nugroho A P , Rahayu D E , Sutiarso L , Murtiningrum  , Fallah M A F , Okayasu T
Published: February 2021

To support daily farm management through the environmental challenges, it is necessary to have short-term evapotranspiration forecasting to predict an n-hour step. Evapotranspiration (ET) is the sum of evaporation and transpiration from the soil surface and plant tissue that can be used to assess the water loss behaviour in open-field cultivation. The objective of this study was to develop a short-term evapotranspiration forecasting model using the time series method. The model is based on the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA). The environmental data of air temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation were observed at Rejeki Tani Yogyakarta from January to August 2014. The ET was estimated using the FAO56 Penman-Monteith. A suitable parameter of non-seasonal autoregressive order (p), the degree of differencing (d), moving average order (q), and their seasonal parameter (P, D, Q)s were investigated to predict 12-hour ahead of ET. As the result, the suitable parameter was SARIMA(2, 1, 2)(1, 1, 1)24. From the six months model validation with the different monsoons, the MAE and RMSE ranged from 0.035636 to 0.063419, and 0.045893 to 0.079961 respectively. The R2 was between 0.8045 and 0.85902. The developed forecasting model can be used to predict the hourly evapotranspiration with acceptable error and accuracy.
Study of communication in the social interaction between cooperative members and internal elements of the rubber cooperative in Riau province, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmadani E , Febriamansyah R , Syarfi I W , Yonariza
Published: February 2021

Theoretically, social interaction between stakeholders determines the activity of a cooperative. Although there are some interventions made by the government, the number of active cooperative in Riau is limited, including rubber farmer cooperative. This study investigated the social interaction in active and inavtice rubber farmers’ cooperative in two Regencies, Kuantan Singingi and Kampar. Those regencies were selected because they were known as the largest rubber producer in Riau Province. The study samples consisted of 300 people in which 150 persons were from active cooperatives and 150 persons were from the inactive one. The respondents consisted of the members, management, supervisors, and employees. Structured and in-depth interviews were conducted to obtain data from those respondents. There were 14 indicators of communication aspects assessed on the interaction between cooperative members and the cooperative’s internal elements. The results showed that the communication level of active rubber cooperatives was higher than in inactive ones. The main communication problem in the inactive cooperatives was the social interactions between the cooperative members and the cooperative employees which were indicated through 13 indicators. As a result, communication problems affected the activities of rubber cooperatives in Riau Province.
The physical properties of dried-growol produced with different cassava varieties and fermentation time
Authors: Wariyah Ch , Riyanto  , Kanetro B , Windarsih T , Ardiah R N
Published: February 2021

Growol is a staple food made from cassava and obtained through fermentation process. It is usually produced under 2-3 days fermentation and has been observed to have an intermediate moisture content, so it needs to be dried preserved. The purposed of this study was to evaluate the chemical characteristics of fermented cassava as well as the physical attributes of dried-growol produced using different cassava varieties and fermentation time. This study used local cassava varieties: Martapura, Meni, Ketan, and Lanting; while the fermentation durations were 2 and 4 days. Each variety of fermented cassava was analyzed for moisture content, starch, and amylose and then was steamed for 15 minutes. The fresh growols were dried at 50°C until the moisture content was approximately 10% and then the dried-growols were determined their texture and color. The results showed that cassava variety and fermentation time affected the chemical properties of the fermented cassava as well as the physical attributes of dried-growol. Moreover, the starch content of fermented cassava was found to be between 18.25-34.03% with the highest indicated in Martapura; while amylose content was between 7.50-18.30%. Martapura was observed to have a bright color and a little hard texture.
A study of color development from D-psicose and Methionine Maillard Reaction Products (MRPs)
Authors: Al-Baarri A N , Widayat  , Legowo A M , Ranini A A , Setyawan B A , Lestari F P
Published: February 2021

The effect of heating time on the Maillard reaction between D-psicose and methionine to produce Maillard reaction products (MRPs) was investigated. This research was conducted at 50°C under aseptic condition. Color development was determined using chroma meter to obtain the value of L*, a* and b* every hour for 16 hours. The results showed that the elevation clearly appeared in the last heating process as the color changed of L* value was decreased. As conclusion, the heating process of D-psicose and Methionine provide development on color appearance against time of heating. This result may have benefit in food application as seasoning.
The effect of hydrocolloid on stability of Papaya-Pineapple jelly drink during storage
Authors: Handayani I
Published: February 2021

Present study evaluated the effect of hydrocolloid type on the stability of antioxidant activity of papaya-pineapple jelly drink during storage. The antioxidant content of the jelly drink was also evaluated. The research had been performed using randomized block design with two factors, i.e.: types of hydrocolloid (agar and carrageenan) and storage times (0; 1; 2; and 3 weeks). Jelly drink was stored at 7°C in refrigerator. The analysis carried out were total phenolic content, ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) tests. The result showed that increasing of storaged resulted in decreasing of total phenolic content, ferric thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid.
Land suitability evaluation according to agroecological zone information for agricultural commodity development in coastal area of Tegal Central Java Indonesia
Authors: Samijan  , Jauhari S
Published: February 2021

The Agroecological Zone (AEZ) is an information system to determine the potential of land resources. Based on that, the suitability of plants and their land management technology can be identified. The evaluation of land suitability of coastal areas in Tegal District was carried out using matching method between growing requirements for commodities and land characteristics of AEZ data. AEZ identification results show that the coastal area consists of three zones, namely Zone A, alluvial plains with Typic Endoaquepts and Aeric Endoaquepts soil types; Zone B, Fluvio-marine plains with Typic Endoaquepts soil types; and Zone C, coastal areas with Typic Udipsamments soil types. Based on the agroecological characteristics, the coastal area is suitable for crops development and fisheries. The suitable agricultural commodities namely rice, water melon, sugar cane and jasmine, which correspond to class 1 (S1) for zones A and B; red chilies and shallots, class 2 (S2) which is suitable for zones A and B. While zone C is identified as less suitable for food crops or horticulture, due to limiting factors such as poor oxygen availability and poor root conditions.
Effect of botanical insecticides against Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Kardinan A , Maris P
Published: February 2021

Spodoptera frugiperda or Fall Armyworm is an insect pest that highly polyphagous and considered to have greater damage than the other Spodoptera. Two botanical insecticides, i.e. aqueous extract of tobacco leaf (Nicotiana tabacum) and tuba roots (Derris elliptica) were examined for their effects in mortality (applied by contact and residue) and as a feed reduction. The mortality study was designed in a Completely Randomized Design with three treatments and thirty replications. One replication consists of one larva, then there are thirty larvae in one replication. The results showed that the aqueous extract of tobacco leaf and tuba roots which were applied by contact gave mortality rates as much as 50.0% and 56.7% consecutively, whereas by residual application, the aqueous extract of tobacco leaf (40% mortality) was more toxic compared to aqueous extract of tuba root (23.6% mortality). Aqueous tobacco leaf and tuba root caused feeding reduction of FAW as much as 12.30% and 21.53%, respectively. This showed that these insecticides have potential to be used in the field by farmers because of its has simple preparation method.
Growth analysis of some maize cultivars on weedy condition
Authors: Rahayu M , Yudono P , Indradewa D , Hanudin E
Published: February 2021

This research purpose was to study the influence of weed on the growth process of some maize cultivars. It was held from March to July 2016 in Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarata and Plant Production Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, Gadjah Mada University. The experiment design was split plot based on randomized complete block design. The corn cultivars as the main plot consisted of Bisi 18, Bisi 2, Pertiwi 3, NK 22, NK 33, DK 959, DK 771, DK 95, P 23, Bima 19 uri, Bisma, and Sukmaraga while the presence of weed as a sub-plot consisted of non-weedy and weedy. Data were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) of 5 % significant. The results showed that there was an interaction between maize cultivar and weed presence to the leaf area index and specific leaf weight on 6 week after planting (WAP). Weed did not decrease net assimilation rate on 4-6 WAP and 6-8 MST. Weed also did not decrease specific leaf weight. Weed reduced leaf area index and biomass dry weight on 6 and 8 WAP and crop growth rate on 4-6 WAP and 6-8 WAP. DK 771 and Sukmaraga produced the highest dry weight.
The fat content and the preferences of salted duck egg enriched with black and white pepper
Authors: Suretno N D , Novitasari E , Rivaie A
Published: February 2021

This study was aimed to determine the fat content and the preferences of salted duck egg enriched with black and white pepper. The experimental was designed as completely randomized design with 2 factors. First factor was concentration of black and white pepper (10%, 15% and 20%), while the second factor was length of salting period which are 7 and 10 days. Fat content was determined by Soxhlet extraction method, and the product preferences was determined by using hedonic scale test. The preference test was done at white egg and yolk color, taste of saltiness, aroma and gritty texture. Results showed that, fat content of salted duck egg with pepper addition tend to decrease along with the duration of immersion. According to the preferences test, salted duck egg at 20% black and white pepper were mostly preferred at 10 and 7 days salting period, respectively.
The effect of steaming time and types of cocoa powder on the characteristics of instantized cocoa powder made using batch-type steam jet agglomerator
Authors: Hardiyanto Y F , Saputro A D , Nurkholisa Z , Setiyadi P A , Bintoro N , Kusuma R A
Published: February 2021

Cocoa drink is a beverage product made from cocoa powder. However, more effort is needed in its manufacture to dissolve the cocoa powder because the fat content of cocoa powder is quite high. Agglomeration process with steam is one of the methods to produce cocoa powder that dissolves easily in water. This research aimed to examine the effect of cocoa powder, and steaming time on cocoa drink powder characteristics. Two types of cocoa powder were used, namely C cocoa powder dan P cocoa powder. Five steaming times, namely 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes were applied. The results showed that types of cocoa powder and steaming duration as well as their interaction influenced the characteristics of instantized cocoa powder. After the agglomeration and drying process, cocoa drink powder exhibited the following physical characteristics: higher solubility value, lower dispersibility value, lower moisture content, lower L* values, higher a* values, lower b* values.
Business identification of upland rice farming in Banyumas District, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Rosyad A , Dharmawan B , Putri D D
Published: February 2021

Upland is one of the agroecosystems that has great potential for agricultural business of both food crops, horticulture, and annual crops. Ajibarang is one of the Banyumas’ sub district which has approximately 70% of upland area and the rest is rainfed rice field. The success factor of upland rice farming is influenced by the farmer’s ability to manage production factors into a profitable business and sustained. This study was aimed to identify the efficiency and its profitability of rice farming business in upland area of Banyumas district. Data were collected using survey method. Simple random sampling technique was done and 51 farmers were selected. Based on the data analysis, we found the average income of farmers was Rp989,817.55/production process with revenue cost ratio is 1.36. The role of community institutions in upland rice farming was very important. Farmers can improve their productivity and increase their income by expanding the cultivation area for upland rice. The rice cultivation in upland area is also suitable for rainfed land.
Growth and yield responses of three maize varieties toward fertilizing package at dry land in Aceh province
Authors: Asis  , Pakpahan L E , Ferayanti F
Published: February 2021

Aceh is one of the centers for hybrid maize production with an area of 47,160 ha and a production of 205,125 tons. Increased production of maize can be achieved by applying technological components, including the use of superior varieties and recommendations for fertilization and spacing to obtain maximum results. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of growth and yield of three high yielding varieties of hybrid maize to the fertilization package. This research was conducted from July to October 2019 in Bireun District, Aceh Province. The research used a randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications and for each treatment 15 plants were assigned as samples. The first factor is the variety (V), namely V1: Pioner 32; V2: Bima 19, and V3: Bima 20. The second factor is the fertilizer package (P) which consists of 2 (two) levels: P1 (recommendation) (urea 270 kg / ha, NPK 400 kg / ha, KCl 50 kg / ha); P2 (specific location) (urea 150 kg / ha, SP-36 75 kg / ha, NPK 300 kg / ha). The results showed that the Bima 20 variety with the recommended fertilizer package gave the highest production of 8.03 ton/ha.
The family welfare of horticulture farmers: case in Pegalengan District, Bandung Regency, West Java
Authors: Hapsari H , Wulandari E , Suminartika E , Karyani T
Published: February 2021

Bandung Regency is a sizeable horticultural supplier for West Java and DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. Horticultural farming faces the constraints of expensive input prices and price fluctuations. This can reduce the welfare of farmers. This study aims to determine the welfare level of horticulture farmers families in Pengalengan Sub-District, Bandung Regency, from June-September 2019. The research method is a survey. Respondents were taken 10 % of the population, i.e., as many as 92 farmers families. The welfare level is measured based on eleven BPS indicators, namely income, expenses, living conditions, housing facilities, household member health, the ease of obtaining health services, the ease in education services, and obtaining transportation facilities, religious life, taste safe, and exercise ease. The poor criteria according to World Bank standard is family expenses of less than 1.9 USD per capita per day. The results show that average income was IDR 9,400,000 per capita per year. The average expenses were IDR 7,283,743 per capita per year. All of the respondents are categorized as non-poor and in the high welfare category.
Biomass growth of red spinach in plant-factory system under three kinds of LED light sources
Authors: Ardiansyah  , Hardanto A , Sumarni E
Published: February 2021

The research is trying to observe the effect of different light sources on red spinach (Amaranthus Tricolor L) plant. Plant-factories were installed and divided into three compartments. Each compartment was given three light sources: Red-Blue LED (R-B), Multi-Color LED (M-C), and White LED (W). The energy of each light sources R-B, M-C, and W were 192 Watt, 92 Watt, and 8 Watt, respectively. The research took place on March 2018 in the Agriculture Technology Laboratory, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia. The growth parameters measured were plant height, biomass, and number of leaves. Results showed that there was significant difference of growth parameters of treatment R-B compared to treatment M-C, and W. Shierary Model were used to study the mechanism of growth parameter difference. The model used the input of radiation energy of light sources that were affected by leaves development, that called the intercepted radiation. The result of the model showed that the intercepted radiation influenced the growth parameters. Treatment R-B, which generates commonly used light wave for photosynthetic, caused better plant growth. The influence of the heat emerged from the light sources were seemed to create better micro-climate for photosynthesis.
Impact of vibration on the quality of tomato produced by stimulated transport
Authors: Al-Dairi M , Pathare P B , Al-Mahdouri A
Published: February 2021

This paper aims to investigate the potential effect of vibration stress during stimulated transport and to evaluate the effect of storage’s temperature and duration on weight loss, color changes, firmness, and total soluble solid of tomatoes. Vibration shaker was used to simulate the transport vibration and accelerometer was fixed on different locations inside the container. Tomatoes were divided into 2 groups where the first one stressed for 2 hrs at the frequency of 2.5Hz and the other was not vibrated as a control. All tomatoes were stored at 10 and 22°C for 10 days. Weight loss, color changes, and firmness total soluble solids (TSS) were measured. RGB acquisition system was used to measure color changes on tomato and then analysed by ImageJ software. Lightness, redness, yellowness, purity, saturation, color change and some color indices of tomato were calculated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse all obtained data. This research proves that the color, weight, firmness and total soluble solids of tomato altered by the vibration stresses and storage’s temperature and duration. Advanced methods and technologies need to be studied regarding temperature storage managements and transportation facilities to reduce the rapid changes of the quality.
The thickness of the microcapsule layers of the SPI nanofibrils
Authors: Warji W , Purwanti N , Mardjan S S , Yuliani S
Published: February 2021

Multilayer microcapsules are micro-sized capsules composed of several layers. Multilayer microcascules can be made from Soy Protein Isolate (SPI) nanofibrils using the Layer by Layer (LbL) method. The thickness of the microcapsule layer is one of the physical characteristics that need to be studied for the application of multilayer microcapsules in the fields of health, food, industry and agriculture. The thickness of the microcapsule layer can be determined based on the diameter of the microcapsule layer. This study examines the thickness of each layer of multilayer microcapsule made from SPI nanofibrils. The diameter of the microcapsules can be measured using a zetasizer. The measurement results of the microcapsule layer diameter showed that the diameter of the second, fifth, and seventh layers were 9,703 nm, 12,450 nm, and 12,890 nm, respectively. The equation of the microcapsule layer diameter to the number of microcapsule layers was y = 658.73x + 8,603.9 with the value of R2 = 0.92. The average thickness of the microcapsule layer is 604.45 nm.
The farmer’s response to the improvement of cropping index through intercropping of maize – soybean and groundnut monoculture in Pemalang
Authors: Nurwahyuni E , Arianti F D , Hindarwati Y
Published: February 2021

One of efforts to increase cropping index (CI), in rainfed lowland areas is by intercropping. In this system land can be planted with two or more types of plants at almost in same time, to improve farmer profit. Farmers’ adoption of this technology varies and its response was influenced by the introduction process. This study aimed to determine the level of farmers response to corn-soybean intercropping technology and factors which affecting farmers response to the application of intercropping technology at Pemalang Central Java. This study using descriptive and quantitative data analysis from observation, interview and documentation. Thirty farmers as respondent were selected. In this study, analytical method was employed to determine the level of farmer response, meanwhile, regression analysis was used to determine the factors which influencing farmer response. The results showed that farmer response was high on land processing (69.57%), seed treatment (78.26%), spacing (95.65%), ease of planting corn (95.65%), ease of harvesting turiman-jale. (69.57%) and the ability to increase IP (65.22%). The variable of land area has significant effect to the response of turiman-jale technology and its increase linearly in farmer response for each addition of 0.88 hectares of land.
Physical characteristics of instantized cocoa drink formulated with maltodextrin produced using continuous-type steam jet agglomerator
Authors: Nurkholisa Z , Saputro A D , Hardiyanto Y F , Setiadi P A , Bintaro N , Karyadi J N W
Published: February 2021

Cocoa drinks are greatly demanded by consumers, considering that Indonesia has a relatively high temperature. The purpose of this study was to examine mathematically, the characteristics of instantized cocoa powder produced using continuous-type steam jet agglomerator with 8 hours drying duration. The variables used in this study were fat content (11, 27%, and a mixture of both) and maltodextrin content (25, 30, 35, and 40%). The results of this study indicated that fat, maltodextrin and their interactions affected the characteristics of instantized cocoa powder. It can be seen from several characteristics that instantized cocoa powder had higher solubility values (40-65%) and lower dispersibility values (3-5%) than those of reference sample, made without “hot” steaming process.
Farmers’ perceptions of soil block nursery techniques on shallot seeds in Grobogan District, Central Java
Authors: Chanifah  , Sahara D , Kusumasari A C , Kushartanti E
Published: February 2021

The research aimed to know the performance of seedlings and farmers’ perceptions of Shallot seed nursery techniques using soil blocks. The study was conducted in Grobogan Regency from September - November 2018. The research method used three nursery techniques, namely a seedbed with soil block, plastic bags, and plumbing. The data collected included technical data, namely data on the growth and productivity of shallots, and data on farmers’ perceptions of nursery techniques obtained by interviewing 30 farmers. Technical data were analyzed descriptively use an average value and t-test, evaluated farmer’s perceptions using 11 attributes and five evaluation scales, which were analyzed using a 5-scale interval scoring technique. The results showed that the average shallot productivity obtained by the soil block nursery technique was higher than the other nursery techniques. Farmers have a good perception of soil block nursery techniques compared to other methods because shallot seeds are very easy to grow, seedlings are very easy to move to the planting area, seedlings are very easy to grow in planted area, seedlings thrive in planted area, and size of the resulting bulbs is very big. The soil block nursery technique is an alternative to increasing shallot production.
The impact of sustainable palm oil management on sustainable landscape
Authors: Chalil D , Barus R
Published: February 2021

With a total area of 16.3 million ha, oil palm plantations in Indonesia are crucial in realizing a sustainable landscape. South Tapanuli District was chosen for this study due to their high conservation value and the possession of a Sustainable Palm Oil Action Plan that is internalized in the Regional Plan document. The analysis was conducted descriptively using secondary data from legal documents and palm oil sustainable certificates, namely ISPO and RSPO, and primary data from 320 smallholders of 6 main commodities and stakeholders from 11 government offices, NGO, and local university. These data were analyzed with Statistical Descriptive Model using indicators of sustainability from economic and other commodity needs. The results show that Sustainable Palm Oil Management has been integrated in the South Tapanuli Landscape Management legal document. Sustainable Palm Oil Management has positive impacts on the economic needs of farmers, namely legal land status, productivity, and income, but does not contribute to the development of other commodities. The implementation of policies and programs is still sectoral with weak coordination between stakeholders. In general, Sustainable Palm Oil Management is potential to support Sustainable Landscape but requires further coordination and integration with the management of other commodities.
Handheld arduino-based near infrared spectrometer for non-destructive quality evaluation of siamese oranges
Authors: Sulistyo S B , Siswantoro  , Margiwiyatno A , Masrukhi  , Mustofa A , Sudarmaji A , Ediati R , Listanti R , Hidayat H H
Published: February 2021

Quality evaluation, in particular chemical properties, of orange fruit commonly conducted by destructive method by extracting its juice. A near infrared spectrometer (NIRS) can be used to quantify orange chemical properties with non-destructive method. This research aimed to design a handheld NIRS using AS7263 sensor and Arduino programming to estimate the Siamesa orange quality in its acidity (pH), total soluble solids (TSS) and vitamin C. The AS7263 sensor has six NIR channels for different wavelengths, i.e. R (610 nm), S (680 nm), T (730 nm), U (760 nm), V (810 nm) and W (860 nm). For that, a performance test was carried out using 300 samples of orange. Result show that evaluation of orange quality in acidity and TSS has mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) < 10%, and the vitamin C shows > 10%. In addition, the estimation of orange chemical properties by backpropagation neural network (BPNN) yielded better results compared to simple regression and multiple regression methods.
Design of bed dryer for sweet corn seeds (Zea mays saccharata L.)
Authors: Karyadi J N W , Purnomo A , Masithoh R E , Ayuni D
Published: February 2021

One of the problems faced by corn farmers in Indonesia is the unavailability of corn dryers during rainy season. As the result, seed production decreased both in terms of quantity and quality. This study aims to design and introduce a bed seed dryer. Bed dryers are considered since it is simpler and cheaper. The dryer is designed for a capacity of 500 kg of corn, with corn cobs with a gasification combustion system as its fuel. This study also compared the effect of bed drying and sun drying (with two different floor materials; tarpaulin mat and concrete base) on dried-corn germination rate. The results showed that the designed dryer was able to reduce the moisture content from 22% (w.b.) to 14% (w.b) for 30 hours. The drying temperature is kept below 43°C and had no significant difference with the drying temperature of the sun drying. The germination rate of all samples has met the National standard for corn seed (SNI 01-03920-1995), which was 92%. The self-fabricated bed dryer has the potential to dry corn seed as good as using sun while retaining its quality.
The characteristic of different formula of low tannin sorghum instant porridge
Authors: Haliza W , Widowati S
Published: February 2021

Sorghum has a potential to be developed as staple food, however the main obstacle is high tannin content which causing bitter taste. Low conttent of tannin in sorghum flour could be a solution for widening the customer acceptance. Such product produced using low tannin sorghum is instant porridge. Therefore this study aimed to find optimum formula of instant porridge using low tannin sorghum flour. This study using two factors of instant porridge formula, first ratio of low tannin sorghum flour : tapioca (100 : 0; 90 : 10; 80 : 20; 70 : 30; 60 : 40) and the ratio of water (1 : 7; 1 : 9; 1 : 11). Result shows that optimum instant sorghum formula was found in 80 : 20 sorghum : tapioca flour, with the addition of 1 : 11 water ratio. This porridge has desirability value 0.716, water content 4.93%, ash 0.49%, fat 5.92%, protein 8.37% and carbohydrate 85.2%. Moreover the average score of total acceptance is about 4 (like). The optimum formula also has high-quality digestibility and dietary fiber (77.97% and 9.07 %, respectively). According to this study, instant sorghum porridge could be used as alternatives of nutritious and healthy food.
In-vitro selection of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) putative mutant for drought stress
Authors: Hartati R S , Suhesti S , Wulandari S , Ardana I K , Yunita R
Published: February 2021

In-vitro selection through tissue culture followed by field testing is one of the breeding methods to improve sugarcane varieties with drought-tolerant. This research aimed to obtain putative mutant sugarcane physically mutated using gamma-ray irradiation that passed the in vitro drought selection using PEG-selecting agents. This study was conducted from March to December 2016 using embryogenic calli of PSJT 941, PS 862, and BL varieties. The experimental design was the factorial randomized complete design with two factors, i.e. irradiation dose (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 Gray) and PEG concentration (0, 10, 20%). The irradiated calli selected by PEG media had changed in color from yellowish-white to brownish and blackish and indicated the growth inhibition. The higher the dosage of irradiation and the concentration of PEG, the more calli with growth inhibition. Some putative callus mutants successfully passed in vitro selection using 10 and 20 % PEG, which showed tolerance to drought stress. The appropriate irradiation dose to produce tolerant mutants is 5 – 30 Grays for PS 862 and BL varieties, and 5-25 Grays for PSJT 941. To recognize the mutant response further, it is necessary for in-vivo selection at the greenhouse and in the field.