bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The landscape of public service innovation in Indonesia
Authors: Pratama Arif Budy
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis of Indonesia’s public service innovation drawn from the top 99 nominees of the national competition for public service innovation from 2014 to 2016.

Design/methodology/approach

To answer the research question, this study applied archival research as a research strategy. A documentation method was conducted to collect the data. Using content analysis aided by NVivo 11 this study analyzes the following themes: implementing agencies, innovation types, innovation goals, innovation outcomes, policy sector in which innovation implemented and geographical perspective.

Findings

The public service innovation in Indonesia from 2014 to 2016 were dominated by local government and process innovation in which designates to the amalgamation of technological and administrative dimensions of innovation. The most occurrence outcomes were aimed to tackling societal problems in the health and education sector. Whilst in the geographical perspective, big portion of innovation were taking place in Java Island.

Research limitations/implications

The result of this study is mainly based on secondary data drawing from public service innovation competition held by the Indonesian Ministry of Administrative Reform. Consequently, the result is limited to provide a mapping feature and trends of innovation. Future research may use more extensive samples (not only sourced from the nominees but also all submitted initiatives) to obtain more representation of public service innovation in Indonesia.

Practical implications

Given the fact that lack of collaboration between public and private actors, the government needs to consider on designing strategies and policy direction to foster collaboration in public service innovation.

Originality/value

This research offers a comprehensive analysis on Indonesian public service innovation. Methodologically, the research introduces archival research as one of the alternative research strategies on public sector innovation scholarships.
Blending QR code with video learning in the pedagogical process for the college foundation level
Authors: Ahmed Waleed , Zaneldin Essam
Published: December 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to use quick response (QR) code along with online videos to teach one of the college foundation courses in an international institution to enhance the grasp of the students and to boost the students’ learning outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

The study discussed and elaborated the findings that mainly focused on the usage of the online resources to teach Engineering Economy course. Besides, the authors analyzed how the gender may have different feedback for the student.

Findings

The study emphasized on the expectations of the students to use videos in the learning experience that preferred to be developed by course educator and to be published on the university platform, like blackboard or faculty website, that conforms university transformation vision undergoing nowadays. It is recommended to have a successful learning experience; it is the educator's responsibility to improve the personal digitization skills that would be used in the e-learning implementations, that will be used for the educational technology, which requires the use of creative media production mobile applications.

Practical implications

The education field has witnessed significant development over the past years in terms of using digital technologies as pedagogical tools to enhance the students’ learning experience especially the internet, where the traditional trends become outdated to be used in the classrooms. One of the main players in this field is videos that are considered as the main influencer to this educational change, where it has been demonstrated to and boost the quality of the learning experience.

Originality/value

In this study, students participated to explore the usefulness of using online learning through using videos blended with QR code to enhance the students’ performance in understanding one of the undergraduate foundation courses in the college of engineering, namely, engineering economy. A survey was distributed to students after the core material of the course was covered. The collected responses were then studied and analyzed.
Weighted average consumption of cost drivers
Authors: Lelkes Anne-Marie Teresa
Published: December 2019

Purpose

An Activity-Based Costing (ABC) system generates a significant amount of detailed, complex data for management to evaluate and use, potentially reducing decision-making effectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to show how reducing the magnitude of detailed information that an ABC system provides can increase decision-making effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

This study develops a theoretical Weighted Average ABC model by taking ABC information and rearranging it to enhance decision-making effectiveness.

Findings

Weighted Average ABC provides cost assignments that are approximately the same to those of ABC in most situations. In Weighted Average ABC, the weighted average consumption ratios provide relevant decision-making information to determine which products are costlier. To reduce costs, management can focus on those costlier products or services and can request from the cost accountants additional detailed information concerning those costlier products or services.

Research limitations/implications

This study adds to the ABC literature by developing Weighted Average ABC. However, the limitation of this study is that no actual data could be obtained from a company that uses ABC, and thus, this study develops an analytical model.

Practical implications

Weighted Average ABC may increase decision-making effectiveness in situations when managers need to make fast decisions.

Originality/value

This study develops a theoretical Weighted Average ABC model in which the weighted average activity consumption ratios of the product lines and the total overhead costs are the variables needed, thus skipping Stage 1 of ABC. This, in turn, reduces the amount of information provided to management. Accordingly, weighted Average ABC provides timelier and more manageable information for decision making.
Beyond personality: an emergence view of influential consumers
Authors: Satornino Cinthia Beccacece , Andrews Demetra , Perren Rebeca , Brady Michael K.
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Previous research studies assume that influential consumers (“influentials”), who play a powerful role in the marketplace, are persuasive (or not) based on innate, static personality traits. By contrast, this paper proposes an emergence-based view of influentials. Grounded in dynamic self-concept theory, this research establishes that individuals possess an “influential” self-concept that can be activated by firm-originated communications. Specifically, the authors examine the impact of firm feedback on the three dimensions of influentials (and the corresponding traits and behaviors): who they are (propensity to connect with others), who they know (WOM) and what they know (expert power).

Design/methodology/approach

The study tests whether an influential self can be evoked by marketers using a longitudinal experimental test with data collected in three periods. The data are analyzed using a multi-mediation model and partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results reveal that even after controlling for the extroversion trait, firm-originated positive feedback increases perceived expert power of participants, which increases word-of-mouth behavior in a subsequent period, both directly and indirectly via an enhanced propensity to connect with others.

Research limitations/implications

Cultivating the influential self-concept requires time to ensure that the self-concept is sufficiently realized to become an enduring self-concept.

Practical implications

By cultivating influentials, practitioners are able to leverage diffusion mechanics and reduce costs and inefficiencies associated with traditional customer relationship management marketing strategies focused on finding them.

Social implications

These findings have implications across all domains that rely on the diffusion and adoption of ideas or products via influentials, including but not limited to public policy, politics, public health and sustainability, in that influentials can be evoked and leveraged to diffuse ideas in these important social domains.

Originality/value

This paper provides empirical evidence that firms can evoke influential consumer behavior challenging existing views of influence as a static personality trait. It casts a line to connect influential consumers to the nascent study of social emergence.
Corporate communication about climate science
Authors: Thaker Jagadish
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to comparatively analyze how top corporations in New Zealand, Australia and the Global Fortune 500 group communicate about climate science.

Design/methodology/approach

A combination of keyword count and quantitative content analysis is used to develop a reliable set of indicators to measure corporate communication about climate science.

Findings

Just a few corporations mention or explicitly agree with scientific consensus on climate change and few report science-based targets. They report more frequently on societal risks of climate change, as well as business contribution and responsibility. New Zealand based corporations generally do poor reporting compared to Australian corporations, who do as well as the biggest corporations in the world.

Research limitations/implications

There is a further need for cross-country research and for more longitudinal analysis to understand how organizations communicate about scientific issues to its stakeholders.

Practical implications

This paper can inform communication managers about the need to pay attention to how their communication, individually and in comparison with their peers, is likely interpreted by the stakeholders. Managers may attend to scientific consensus messaging to gain stakeholder approval for ambitious business actions on climate change.

Social implications

Organizations are powerful social and economic drivers. Understanding how they interpret and communicate a scientific issue has implications for public and policy discourses and outcomes.

Originality/value

This is the first paper to comparatively identify common and contextual drivers of business communication of complex scientific issues. A reliable scale to measure climate science communication by corporations will be helpful for future researchers to replicate in other sectors.
Professional identity neutralizes charismatic leadership tactics in a crisis
Authors: Kamble Rahul Ashok , Mulla Zubin
Published: December 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the main and the interaction effect of follower’s professional identity and leader’s use of charismatic leadership tactics (CLTs) on follower performance and work engagement during a crisis.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors performed a 2 × 2 between subjects experiment in which both professional identity and CLTs were manipulated for a group of 320 participants.

Findings

Professional identity has a main positive effect on followers’ performance and work engagement and works as a neutralizer (counter-effect) moderator in the relationship between CLTs and work engagement during a crisis.

Research limitations/implications

Participants in the experiments were final-year engineering students and the authors manipulated only two dimensions of crisis, i.e. time urgency and high priority.

Practical implications

Organizations can strive to select for and develop professional identity amongst their members to survive crisis like situations rather than rely only on charismatic leaders.

Originality/value

This is the first study to incorporate crisis for examining a neutralizer for CLTs.
The practice of proactive traffic stops
Authors: Wu Xiaoyun , Lum Cynthia
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Empirical research suggests that traffic enforcement is the most common type of proactive activity police officers engage in on a daily basis. Further, agencies often use traffic enforcement to achieve both traffic safety and crime control. Given these goals, the purpose of this paper is to investigate whether (and to what extent) officers are accurately targeting their proactive traffic enforcement with crime and vehicle crashes in two agencies.

Design/methodology/approach

The study examines traffic enforcement patterns in two agencies to see whether proactive traffic enforcement aligns spatially with crime and vehicle crashes. This study employs negative binomial regression models with clustered standard errors to investigate this alignment at the micro-spatial level. Key variables of interest are measured with police calls for service data, traffic citation data and vehicle crash data from two law enforcement jurisdictions.

Findings

High levels of spatial association are observed between traffic accidents and crime in both agencies, lending empirical support to the underlying theories of traffic enforcement programs that also try to reduce crime (i.e. “DDACTS”). In both agencies, traffic accidents also appear to be the most prominent predictor of police proactive traffic enforcement activities, even across different times of day. However, when vehicle crashes are accounted for, the association between crime and traffic stops is weaker, even during times of day when agencies believe they are using proactive traffic enforcement as a crime deterrent.

Originality/value

No prior study to authors knowledge has examined the empirical association between police proactive traffic activities and crime and traffic accidents in practice. The current study seeks to fill that void by investigating the realities of traffic stops as practiced daily by police officers, and their alignment with crime and vehicle crashes. Such empirical inquiry is especially important given the prevalent use of traffic enforcement as a common proactive policing tool by police agencies to control both traffic and crime problems.
Monetary Aggregates Targeting, Inflation Targeting and Inflation Stabilization in Ghana
Authors: Abango Mohammed A. , Yusif Hadrat , Issifu Adam
Published: December 2019

The central bank of Ghana (BoG) has operated monetary aggregates targeting and inflation targeting since the 1980s, to ensure enhanced output growth, low unemployment and stable, low inflation. Under inflation targeting, the inflation rate averaged 13.26 per cent per annum between 2007 and 2015, compared with 29.22 per cent per annum under monetary aggregates targeting. The relatively lower inflation rates notwithstanding, an average inflation rate of 13.2 per cent per annum is far above the medium‐term target of 8 per cent. This paper has examined the effectiveness of monetary aggregates targeting and inflation targeting in keeping inflation at moderate levels. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model was applied to the data covering the period 1970–2015. The results show that monetary targeting has steered inflation to moderate levels only in the short run while inflation targeting has maintained low inflation rates in both short run and long run. But neither regime has kept inflation at stable levels and within the target band, due to the sluggish transmission of broad money supply and prime rate changes to inflation. We implore the monetary authorities to strengthen the institutional setup for steering short‐term interest rates in Ghana. They should also enhance the BoG Act 2002 (Act 612), to develop secondary anchors and rules around output, money supply and fiscal deficit. Finally, the monetary policy committee should monetary policy credibility and transparency through strengthening its communication framework.
Dynamique des Inégalités de Revenu au Togo entre 2006 et 2015
Authors: Couchoro Mawuli Kodjovi , Dout Hamitande
Published: December 2019

Ce papier porte sur l'analyse de la dynamique des inégalités de revenu au Togo. En se fondant sur les données des enquêtes QUIBB 2006, 2011 et 2015, et en utilisant la méthode de décomposition d'Oaxaca‐Blinder pour les estimations économétriques, les résultats montrent une augmentation des inégalités de revenu entre 2006 et 2015. Les résultats révèlent en outre une augmentation des inégalités sur la même période si on considère le genre et le milieu de résidence. Cependant, il se dégage que l'âge, le milieu de résidence, le niveau d'éducation sont les facteurs qui expliquent significativement les inégalités de revenu entre les hommes et les femmes d'une part et que le niveau d'éducation, la taille du ménage et la région de résidence expliquent significativement les inégalités de revenu entre le milieu urbain et rural d'autre part. Nous utilisons par ailleurs le modèle DER pour capter l'effet de la part du revenu affectée aux différentes consommations des ménages sur les inégalités globales. Les résultats montrent que la part du revenu affecté aux dépenses alimentaires et non alimentaires constituent l'essentiel des sources des inégales entre les ménages.
The Effects of Regional Economic Communities on Industrialization: The Case of COMESA
Authors: Shinyekwa Isaac M.B. , Lakuma Corti P. , Munu Martin L.
Published: December 2019

This paper seeks to establish the contribution of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) programmes in promoting industrialization. It further seeks to establish the link between industrialization and productivity. The paper uses a gravity model to estimate a cross‐sectional time‐series (panel) dataset for the period 2001–2015. The results indicate that membership to COMESA has created large markets and promoted industrialization among member states. However, results also confirm that COMESA member states still heavily trade in industrial intermediates with non‐members. The study further reveals that the share of foreign total factor productivity (TFP) to COMESA's TFP are weaker than expected, which suggests non‐convergence to international knowledge spillovers. The study concludes that COMESA programmes have positively affected industrialization. We therefore recommend that COMESA should continue implementing strategies, policies and programmes that promote industrialization and technology transfer.
Evaluation of the performance of two neutral oral contrast agents in computed tomography enterography: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zheng Meng Qi , Zeng Qing Shi , Yu Yong Quan , Ji Rui , Li Yue Yue , Zhang Ming Ming , Sun Yi Ning , Li Li Xiang , Zuo Xiu Li , Yang Xiao Yun , Li Yan Qing
Published: December 2019

Objective

To compare the performances, tolerability and acceptability of mannitol and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as oral contrast agents in patients undergoing computed tomography enterography (CTE).

Methods

Patients aged 18‐75 years indicated for CTE were randomized to receive either mannitol or PEG as contrast agents. The coronal reconstructed images of each abdominal quadrant were assessed for maximum distention, proportion of distended bowel loops, presence of inhomogeneous contents and visibility of the small bowel wall. Overall subjective imaging quality assessment and patients’ tolerability and acceptability were recorded.

Results

Seventy patients were enrolled and randomized into two groups. In the per‐protocol analysis, no significant differences in imaging quality was found in bowel distention maximum diameter, wall visibility and intestinal homogeneity (all P > 0.05). The mean nausea score was lower in the mannitol group (0 [0‐0] vs 1.0 [0‐3.0], P < 0.001). Mannitol was superior to PEG in taste (9.0 [8.0‐10.0] vs 7.0 [5.0‐8.0], P < 0.001), patients’ willingness to reuse the drug (9.0 [8.0‐10.0] vs 8.0 [7.0‐9.0], P = 0.036), satisfaction (9.0 [8.0‐10.0] vs 8.0 [7.0‐9.0], P = 0.022) and ease of completion (9.0 [8.0‐9.3] vs 8.0 [6.5‐9.0], P = 0.030).

Conclusions

Both mannitol and PEG provided good bowel distention and visualization of the bowel wall. However, mannitol was significantly superior to PEG in patients’ tolerability and acceptability.
Clinical diagnosis and treatment recommendations for immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related adverse reactions in the nervous system
Authors: Shi Jiayu , Niu Jingwen , Shen Dongchao , Liu Mingsheng , Tan Ying , Li Yi , huang Yangyu , Cui Liying , Guan Yuzhou , Zhang Li
Published: December 2019

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause adverse reactions in the nervous system. The incidence rate is 0.1%–12% and 80% of nervous system adverse reactions occur within the first four months of application. ICIs can cause diseases of various parts of the nervous system including central nervous system diseases such as aseptic meningitis, meningeal encephalitis, necrotizing encephalitis, brainstem encephalitis, transverse myelitis, etc., and peripheral neuropathy such as cranial nerve peripheral neuropathy, multifocal nerve root neuropathy, Guillain‐Barré syndrome, spinal nerve root neuropathy, myasthenia gravis, myopathy, etc. For these complications of the nervous system, diagnosis could be difficult. Physicians require a specific collection of nervous system symptoms and signs, combined with supplementary examinations including imaging, cerebrospinal fluid cytology, EEG or electromyography in order to exclude infection or malignant tumor before reaching a final diagnosis. With regard to treatment, ICIs should be discontinued in severe cases, and large doses of glucocorticoid or gamma globulin administered, and supportive treatment may be necessary. If severe adverse reactions of the nervous system occur, the prognosis could be poor.
Phytophagy in a Polypedilum (Diptera: Chironomidae) species new to Australia and Japan: taxonomy and expanded Asian distribution
Authors: Tang Hongqu , Cranston Peter S
Published: December 2019

Polypedilum johannseni Sublette & Sublette (= Chironomus (Polypedilum) anticus Johannsen), described from Indonesia, is recorded from Australia, where larvae are newly reported to feed on species of the aquatic fern Azolla Lam. (Salviniaceae). We extend the Australian distribution for the species that was reported previously as Polypedilum ‘nr seorsus’ from northern Australia. Review of the species in Asia shows previously known presence in Singapore as Polypedilum anticus and in Thailand and the Philippines, where the larva was reported to feed on Azolla. In China, Polypedilum johannseni is reported from a diverse range of aquatic host plants, including Azolla. We also newly report the species from Japan, where larvae feed on hybrid Azolla cristata × Azolla filiculoides and Trapa japonica Flerow (Lythraceae). We review the taxonomy, provide new illustrations, record and map the wider distribution and comment on morphological variation. Here, we also redescribe the Australian Polypedilum seorsus (Skuse) with which P. johannseni has been confused, and from China, we redescribe Polypedilum tigrinum Hashimoto, the larva of which is a proven aquatic phytophage that co‐occurs with several species of Polypedilum, including P. johannseni.
Education in Citizenship on the U.S./Mexico Border: The Language and Literacy Instruction of Emergent BilingualTransfronterizxStudents
Authors: Bach Amy J.
Published: December 2019

This paper examines how high‐stakes, standardized testing shapes language and literacy instruction for emergent bilingual students in a public high school on the U.S./Mexico border. Drawing from discourses of citizenship education and language and literacy theory and scholarship, this paper finds state‐mandated exit exams overwhelming guide instruction and shape language and literacy education in ways that are antithetical to critical and participatory citizenship.
On Listening: Stories, Polyphony and the Vagaries of Representation
Authors: Foster Stephen William
Published: December 2019

Listening is a paramount but neglected element of social practice. In storytelling, dialogue, psychoanalysis, ethnography, and theater (to name a few), listener–speaker dynamics shape listening's effects. The polyphony of experience, the normalization of representation, and the inflections imposed by ideologies and desire are critical issues in listening practice. They may be addressed through re‐listening and self‐reflective listening. Revisiting the occasion of listening or its textualization may afford thinking differently as well as self‐understanding.
Sustaining and spreading penicillin allergy delabelling: A narrative review of the challenges for service delivery and patient safety
Authors: Jani Yogini H. , Williams Iestyn , Krishna Mamidipudi Thirumala
Published: December 2019

Many patients report allergies to penicillin, although in over 90% of these the label of penicillin allergy is shown to be incorrect following comprehensive testing. Inappropriate and inaccurate penicillin allergy labelling is a barrier to antimicrobial stewardship and can lead to patient harm. This review assesses an emergent evidence base and trend favouring delabelling using direct oral penicillin challenges following a stratified risk assessment of the likelihood and existence of true penicillin allergy, to identify and make recommendations for key components for implementation in standard practice. Research to date has focussed on the feasibility and clinical and financial outcomes of these direct delabelling strategies. There is a paucity of studies exploring the views and engagement of patients and healthcare professionals, and a gap in the evidence for prerequisites to safely deliver, sustain and spread the implementation of such services across health systems.
The role of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in the management of acute myeloid leukaemia: a triumph of hope and experience
Authors: Loke Justin , Malladi Ram , Moss Paul , Craddock Charles
Published: December 2019

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is the commonest indication for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) worldwide. The accumulated experience of allografting in AML over the last four decades has provided critical insights into both the contribution of the conditioning regimen and the graft‐versus‐leukaemia effect to the curative potential of the most common form of immunotherapy utilised in standard clinical practice. Coupled with advances in donor availability and transplant technologies, this has resulted in allo‐SCT becoming an important treatment modality for the majority of adults with high‐risk AML. At the same time, advances in genomic classification, coupled with progress in the accurate quantification of measurable residual disease, have increased the precision with which allo‐mandatory patients can be identified, whilst simultaneously permitting accurate identification of those patients who can be spared the toxicity of an allograft. Despite this progress, disease recurrence still remains a major cause of transplant failure and AML has served as a paradigm for the development of strategies to reduce the risk of relapse ‒ notably the novel concept of post‐transplant maintenance, utilising pharmacological or cellular therapies.
Relationship between plasma volume and essential blood constituents in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Diaz‐Canestro Candela , Haider Thomas , Lundby Carsten , Montero David
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Notwithstanding recent progress on molecular mechanisms underlying heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), multiple pathophysiological aspects of this condition including the basis of anaemia and other haematological disorders remain unresolved. In this study, we sought to determine the relationship of plasma volume (PV), a plausible confounding factor for the concentration of solutes in blood, with key haematological markers in HFpEF patients.

Methods

Total circulating PV was determined with high precision, automated carbon monoxide rebreathing in 24 stable HFpEF patients (70 ± 8 years, left ventricular ejection fraction = 55±5%) and 18 healthy age‐ and sex‐matched control (HC) individuals. Linear regression analyses were performed to determine the association of PV with a comprehensive set of haematological variables.

Results

Haematocrit (40·1 ± 4·9 versus 43·6 ± 2·7%, P = 0·004) and haemoglobin concentration (131 ± 16 versus 142 ± 7 g l−1, P = 0·003) were reduced in HFpEF patients compared with HC individuals. In regression analyses, PV was negatively associated with haematocrit (r = −0·45, P = 0·029) and haemoglobin concentration (r = −0·44, P = 0·030) in HFpEF patients, whereas these variables were not associated with PV in HC individuals (P≥0·198). Regarding blood electrolytes, PV was negatively associated with K+ (r = −0·43, P = 0·036) and Ca2+ (r = −0·44, P = 0·032) in HFpEF patients but not in HC individuals (P≥0·734). None of the above associations were detected in HFpEF patients when using ideal instead of measured PV.

Conclusion

The blood concentration of routine markers of anaemia and electrolyte balance is specifically and linearly associated with PV in HFpEF patients. Excess or deficit of circulating PV may confound clinical diagnosis in this population.
Clip‐with‐line traction method allows efficient endoscopic submucosal dissection of an early gastric cancer spreading across the pyloric ring
Authors: Sasaki Sho , Nishikawa Jun , Sakaida Isao
Published: December 2019

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Graphene oxide‐based experimental silane primers enhance shear bond strength between resin composite and zirconia
Authors: Khan Aftab A. , Al‐Khureif Abdulaziz A. , Saadaldin Selma A. , Mohamed Badreldin A. , Musaibah Abobaker S. O. , Divakar Darshan D. , Eldwakhly Elzahraa
Published: December 2019

Despite various mechanical and chemical surface‐pretreatment methods, long‐term bonding of resin composite to dental zirconia (ZrO2) remains a major concern. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) sheets were infused into two commercially available primers and the enclosed mould shear bond strength (EM‐SBS) of resin composite to ZrO2 was evaluated. Twelve fully sintered ZrO2 blanks were pretreated and randomly allocated to four groups according to the primers used: RelyX (RX); GO blended RelyX (RXGO); Monobond‐S (MB); and GO blended Monobond‐S (MBGO). The resin composite stubs were bonded onto the pretreated ZrO2 surfaces and analysed at baseline and after storage in distilled water for 2 and 4 months. The experimental primers blended with GO sheets influenced the surface morphology, visualized as increased surface roughness, and slightly increased the water contact angle measurements. Moreover, the infusion of primers with GO increased the mass fraction (wt%) of carbon and oxygen. The highest EM‐SBS values were found for RXGO, with mean (SD) EM‐SBS values of 26.4 (3.7) MPa and 21.5 (5.1) MPa after 2 and 4 months of storage, respectively. Infusion of silane primers with nanometre‐ to micrometre‐size GO sheets enhanced the SBS between resin composite and ZrO2.
Differences in CEO compensation under large and small institutional ownership
Authors: Tosun Onur Kemal
Published: December 2019

I examine the influence of large and small institutional investors on different components of chief executive officer (CEO) compensation, using US data for 2006–2015. An increase in large institutional ownership reduces total pay and current incentive compensation (i.e., options, stocks, bonus pay), whereas small institutional investors lower long‐term incentive pay (i.e., pension, deferred pay, stock incentive pay). These findings are consistent with managerial agency theory and the substitution of incentive pay by institutional monitoring. The effects are stronger for higher ownership levels and firms with weak governance, less financial distress, long‐tenured CEOs, multiple segments, and more free cash flow.
Barriers and Facilitators to Implementing Attachment‐based Family Therapy into a Child Welfare Setting: A Qualitative Process Evaluation
Authors: Santens Tara , Hannes Karin , Levy Suzanne , Diamond Guy , Bosmans Guy
Published: December 2019

Child welfare systems (CWSs) worldwide show increased interest in adopting empirically informed clinical strategies to increase treatment effectiveness. Many empirically supported treatments (ESTs) exist, but little is known about EST implementation barriers and facilitators in CWS. This study explored CWS providers’ experiences of implementing attachment‐based family therapy (ABFT) in home‐based services of the Flemish CWS (in Belgium). Sixteen CWS providers (twelve counselors and four supervisors) involved in three home‐based services were interviewed. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used to guide collection, coding, and analysis of interview data. Findings revealed that implementation success was related to ABFT's fit with the CWS's mission, philosophy, and existing practices. CWS providers’ belief in the compatibility between ABFT and CWS increased investment in implementation efforts and persistence to overcome challenges and setbacks. Some barriers pertained to the learning of ABFT and some barriers pertained to systems level challenges such as lack of leadership and support, poor coordination with referral sources and other youth care partners, and lack of policy support. For successful expansion of ESTs into CWS settings, various barriers at multiple systemic levels need to be addressed.
The effect of frequent hemodialysis on matrix metalloproteinases, their tissue inhibitors, and FGF23: Implications for blood pressure and left ventricular mass modification in the Frequent Hemodialysis Network trials
Authors: Chan Christopher T. , Kaysen George A. , Beck Gerald J. , Li Minwei , Lo Joan C. , Rocco Michael V. , Kliger Alan S. ,   for the FHN Trials
Published: December 2019

Background: Frequent hemodialysis modifies serum phosphorus, blood pressure, and left ventricular mass (LVM). We ascertained whether frequent hemodialysis is associated with specific changes in biomarker profile among patients enrolled in the frequent hemodialysis network (FHN) trials.

Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of biomarkers among patients enrolled to the FHN trials. In particular, we hypothesized that frequent hemodialysis is associated with changes in a specific set of biomarkers which are linked with changes in blood pressure or LVM.

Results: Among 332 randomized patients, 243 had biomarker data available. Of these, 124 patients were assigned to 3‐times‐a‐week hemodialysis (94 [Daily Trial] and 30 [Nocturnal Trial]) and 119 patients were assigned to 6‐times‐a‐week hemodialysis (87 [Daily Trial] and 32 [Nocturnal Trial]). Frequent hemodialysis lowered phosphate, blood pressures, LVM, log fibroblast growth factor (FGF)23, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)—2 levels. The fall in phosphate was associated with changes in FGF23 (r = 0.48, P < 0.001) [Daily Trial] and (r = 0.55, P < 0.001) [Nocturnal Trial]) and tended to be associated with changes in systolic blood pressure (r = 0.18, P = 0.057) [Daily Trial] and (r = 0.31, P = 0.04) [Nocturnal Trial]. Within the Daily Trial, changes in MMP2 (r = 0.20, P = 0.034) were associated with changes in LVM. In the Nocturnal Trial, changes in TIMP‐1 (r = 0.37, P = 0.029) and MMP 9 (r = −0.38, P = 0.01) were associated with LVM changes. MMP2 changes were associated with changes in systolic blood pressure.

Conclusions: Reduction of serum phosphate by frequent hemodialysis may modulate FGF23 levels and systolic blood pressure. Markers of matrix turnover are associated with LVM changes. Frequent hemodialysis may affect pathological mediators of chronic kidney disease‐mineral bone‐metabolism disorder.
The effects of negative content in social networking profiles on perceptions of employment suitability
Authors: Tews Michael J. , Stafford Kathryn , Kudler Ethan P.
Published: December 2019

As a step toward further understanding the relationship between social networking content and perceptions of employment suitability, the present study assessed the impact of three examples of potentially negative content. Namely, this research focused on self‐absorption, opinionatedness, and alcohol and drug use, where a sample of 436 hiring managers evaluated experimentally manipulated hypothetical Facebook candidate profiles. The results demonstrated that content related to each construct had a negative impact on person–organization fit and overall candidate evaluation. Moreover, self‐absorption had the largest negative effect. There were also significant hiring manager age interaction effects. Older hiring managers more heavily weighted less opinionated content with respect to overall candidate evaluation and content without alcohol and drug use for person–organization fit.
Seed rain and its role in the recolonization of degraded hill slopes in semi‐arid central Tanzania
Authors: Lyaruu Herbert V. M.
Published: December 2019

A seed rain study in semi‐arid central Tanzania was conducted with the objective of providing guidelines on how to rehabilitate the degraded vegetation on the hillslopes of the Kondoa Irangi. The seed rain included predominantly wind‐dispersed diaspores which accounted for 78% of the species (45 out of 57) and 97% of the diaspores. The density ranged from 230 to 1667 seeds m‐2 over an 8‐month period. Both species richness and seed density were negatively correlated with vegetation cover. The increasing seed densities with decreasing vegetation cover signifies the importance of anemochory in areas undergoing regeneration succession. Cluster analysis of the seed rain data based on squared Euclidean distances produced a dendrogram with three distinct clusters, representing anemochorous seeds, epi‐zoochorous seeds and a mixture of both, but dominated by seeds with no obvious dispersal appendages. Management including controlled re‐introduction of livestock to the hills to increase nitrogen mineralization, species diversity and to reduce grass biomass, and hence the severity of fires, may be an appropriate solution to speed up the vegetation recovery process.
Recurrent Acute Renal Failure in a Patient with Aplastic Anemia‐Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Chen Szu‐Chia , Hung Chi‐Chih , Hsu Chung‐Pang , Chiu Yi‐Wen , Liu Yi‐Chang , Tsai Jer‐Chia , Chen Hung‐Chun
Published: December 2019

Acute renal failure (ARF) is one of the renal expressions in patients with aplastic anemia (AA)‐paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) syndrome following hemolytic crisis. We report the case of an AA patient who experienced recurrent episodes of ARF, in association with evidence of PNH. A 46‐year‐old woman with AA was admitted because of oliguria and dark urine following a urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by Candida. PNH with ARF complication was diagnosed. Hemodialysis treatment was performed nine times and her renal function recovered. However, she suffered from recurrent hemoglobinuria and acute deterioration of renal function 4 months later. The renal biopsy showed features of acute tubular necrosis, deposition of hemosiderin and positive urate stain in the proximal tubular cells, without vascular thrombosis. The patient received management by adequate hydration, diuretics and alkalization. Her renal function recovered completely. This case report shows an AA patient experiencing recurrent episodes of hemoglobinuric ARF within a short period and achieving complete recovery of renal function after hemodialysis and suitable supportive treatment. In conclusion, AA might evolve into PNH and become complicated with presentation of severe ARF. It may occur with precipitating episodes, such as the UTI in this case. Early recognition of hemoglobinuric complications and prompt treatment for precipitating disease and ARF are important to prevent progression to an irreversible adverse renal outcome.
Adult Wilms' Tumor with Hypospadias and Cryptorchidism: A Case Report
Authors: Hsiao Hsi‐Lin , Chang Tu‐Hao , Wu Wen‐Jeng , Huang Chun‐Hsiung
Published: December 2019

A 66‐year‐old patient was seen at the outpatient department with the chief complaints of recent‐onset painless gross hematuria, poor appetite and body weight loss. The patient had a history of bilateral orchiectomy for congenital bilateral cryptorchidism. Hypospadias was noted during physical examination. Laboratory assessment revealed hematuria and pyuria. Abdominal ultrasonography and imaging studies showed a left renal mass. Radical nephrectomy was performed on the patient and the pathology report revealed Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma). The patient underwent chemotherapy after surgery and no tumor recurrence was noted after 8 months of regular follow‐up.
The pupil: a window on social automatic processing in autism spectrum disorder children
Authors: Aguillon‐Hernandez Nadia , Mofid Yassine , Latinus Marianne , Roché Laetitia , Bufo Maria Rosa , Lemaire Mathieu , Malvy Joëlle , Martineau Joëlle , Wardak Claire , Bonnet‐Brilhault Frédérique
Published: December 2019

Background

Faces are crucial social stimuli, eliciting automatic processing associated with increased physiological arousal in observers. The level of arousal can be indexed by pupil diameter (the ‘Event‐Related Pupil Dilation’, ERPD). However, many parameters could influence the arousal evoked by a face and its social saliency (e.g. virtual vs. real, neutral vs. emotional, static vs. dynamic). A few studies have shown an atypical ERPD in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients using several kinds of faces but no study has focused on identifying which parameter of the stimulus is the most interfering with face processing in ASD.

Methods

In order to disentangle the influence of these parameters, we propose an original paradigm including stimuli along an ecological social saliency gradient: from static objects to virtual faces to dynamic emotional faces. This strategy was applied to 186 children (78 ASD and 108 typically developing (TD) children) in two pupillometric studies (22 ASD and 47 TD children in the study 1 and 56 ASD and 61 TD children in the study 2).

Results

Strikingly, the ERPD in ASD children is insensitive to any of the parameters tested: the ERPD was similar for objects, static faces or dynamic faces. On the opposite, the ERPD in TD children is sensitive to all the parameters tested: the humanoid, biological, dynamic and emotional quality of the stimuli. Moreover, ERPD had a good discriminative power between ASD and TD children: ASD had a larger ERPD than TD in response to virtual faces, while TD had a larger ERPD than ASD for dynamic faces.

Conclusions

This novel approach evidences an abnormal physiological adjustment to socially relevant stimuli in ASD.
Single and combined effects of Drosophila suzukii and Drosophila melanogaster on sour rot development in viticulture
Authors: Entling Wiebke , Hoffmann Christoph
Published: December 2019

Sour rot is a disease complex that causes serious damage in viticulture. The common vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is associated with sour rot in overripe or otherwise damaged grapes. Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is an invasive species, which is suspected to induce sour rot in previously undamaged grapes due to the flies' ability to infest healthy, undamaged soft fruits with its serrated ovipositor. As a consequence, infection of healthy grapes by D. suzukii may facilitate the colonization by D. melanogaster. We investigated the single and combined effects of D. suzukii and D. melanogaster on sour rot development by measuring volatile acidity under near‐natural conditions in the vineyard, along with laboratory experiments under controlled climate. In 2017, the combined field and laboratory experiments suggested that the presence of D. suzukii and D. melanogaster increased the volatile acidity levels at a similar rate. In 2018, the field experiments showed an only marginal increase in sour rot development in treatments with both Drosophila species. Under more favourable laboratory conditions, the presence of D. suzukii, but not D. melanogaster triggered sour rot emergence. A facilitating effect of D. suzukii infestation for D. melanogaster was not detectable. These findings suggest that D. suzukii does in fact have the potential to trigger sour rot, but will probably rarely do so under field conditions in the vineyard, at least in the studied region. Instead, our study showed that D. melanogaster can have a similar impact on sour rot development as D. suzukii, emphasizing the need of comparative studies.
Scoping review of the impact of birth trauma on clinical decisions of midwives
Authors: Minooee Sonia , Cummins Allison , Sims Deborah J. , Foureur Maralyn , Travaglia Joanne
Published: December 2019

Objective

The psychological and emotional impact of a traumatic birth experience on clinicians is well‐established. It is also known that emotions can generally influence decisions. However, it is not clear whether experiencing a birth trauma can affect the professional behaviour and decision‐making of clinicians. This study explores the impact of birth trauma on clinical decision‐making of midwives.

Data Sources

Four databases (Medline, Scopus, CINAHL and ProQuest) were searched to identify English language studies published from 1990 to 2018. Due to the lack of studies with specific focus on clinical decision‐making after birth trauma, we defined two main domains for our literature search. To be included, studies had to focus on either traumatic birth experience or clinical decision‐making in midwifery. The findings of the two domains were then integrated.

Study Selection

Of a total 2104 studies identified, 70 received full‐text screening with 40 included in the review. Twenty‐two articles were about traumatic birth events and 18 examined decision‐making in midwifery.

Data Extraction

Information were extracted on each article's purpose, study design, data collection, participants, definitions of birth trauma and the context in which clinical decisions were made.

Results

Thematic analysis was conducted. The impact of birth trauma on midwives could be categorized into the following themes: psychological issues; professional concerns; changes in practice and positive impact. Review of literature indicated that clinical decision‐making could be influenced through all these themes.

Conclusion

Decision‐making can be impacted by the midwife's affective state related to previous experience of birth trauma. The continuum of impact may vary from increased defensiveness to increased personal and professional growth. Being aware of this impact can help midwives to better manage their emotions while making decision after traumatic birth experiences.
Evaluation of antioxidant level and protein oxidation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets during rigor and post‐rigor
Authors: Isık Abdulcelil , Atamanalp Muhammed , Alak Gonca
Published: December 2019

In this study, the relationship between stunning techniques and protein oxidation which are accepted as the main cause of food spoilage was investigated. For this purpose, the antioxidant status, in vivo myofibrillary protein (MP) oxidation and sensitivity, and postmortem oxidation (inducted with hydroxyl radical system) of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets killed by hitting to head (T1), neck crushing (T2), and convulsion (T3) methods, were investigated. Statistically significant differences (p < .05) were found among all parameters examined and it was observed that the most stressing technique was the convulsion method. It was determined that in protein profiles myosin were influenced too much from stunning technique and in actin observed oxidation‐induced reductions. Reductions in S‐S and S‐H were also found to be increased in carbonyl concentrations, but the most effective values in both processes were determined by the convulsive technique. Our results show that short‐term stunning techniques (hitting to head, neck crushing) give better meat quality results in terms of O. mykiss welfare and low MP oxidation rates. In general, we can say that T3 group fillets are more sensitive to oxidative damage, while T1 and T2 groups give better results in maintaining meat quality with low MP oxidation rates.
Reply to: Comment on: Transforming Asian Health Equity—PINE/PIETY Study Special Issue
Authors: Li Mengting , Dong XinQi
Published: December 2019

This letter comments on the letter by Thomas Yoshikawa.