bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SHIMS 3.0: Highly efficient single-haplotype iterative mapping and sequencing using ultra-long nanopore reads
Authors: Bellott Daniel W. , Cho Ting-Jan , Jackson Emily K. , Skaletsky Helen , Hughes Jennifer F. , Page David C.
Published: June 2022

The reference sequence of structurally complex regions can only be obtained through a highly accurate clone-based approach that we call Single-Haplotype Iterative Mapping and Sequencing (SHIMS). In recent years, improvements to SHIMS have reduced the cost and time required by two orders of magnitude, but internally repetitive clones still require extensive manual effort to transform draft assemblies into reference-quality finished sequences. Here we describe SHIMS 3.0, using ultra-long nanopore reads to augment the Illumina data from SHIMS 2.0 assemblies and resolve internally repetitive structures. This greatly minimizes the need for manual finishing of Illumina-based draft assemblies, allowing a small team with no prior finishing experience to sequence challenging targets with high accuracy. This protocol proceeds from clone-picking to finished assemblies in 2 weeks for about $80 (USD) per clone. We recently used this protocol to produce reference sequence of structurally complex palindromes on chimpanzee and rhesus macaque X chromosomes. Our protocol provides access to structurally complex regions that would otherwise be inaccessible from whole-genome shotgun data or require an impractical amount of manual effort to generate an accurate assembly.
A cross-sectional study on COVID-19-related changes in self-medication with antibiotics
Authors: Khami Mohammad Reza , Gholamhossein Zadeh Armin , Rahi Dorsa
Published: June 2022

Background and aim

Dental treatments have been limited to emergency care in many countries worldwide due to the global rapid spread of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Fear of contracting the disease in dental clinics has also altered the pattern of dental visits and self-medication. The present study compared self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) and the pattern of dental visits before and after the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic in a referral dental clinic in the north of Iran.

Materials and methods

The data for the present cross-sectional study was collected from 756 patient records retrieved from the archives of the Faculty Clinic of Rasht School of Dentistry during two separate periods: before the COVID-19 pandemic from mid-November 2019 to mid-February 2020, and after the pandemic emergence from mid-April to mid-July 2020. In addition to demographic variables namely age, gender, and place of residence of patients, their smoking status, chief complaint, and SMA were also extracted from patient records. The Chi-square test and binary logistic regression models with 95% confidence interval served for statistical analysis.

Results

In total, 756 patient records (412 records from the pre-pandemic period and 344 records from the post-pandemic period) were evaluated. SMA was significantly more prevalent after the pandemic compared to that before pandemic (OR = 3.39, 95% CI = 2.43–4.73, P<0.001). The number of patients who smoke significantly decreased after the pandemic by 6.6% compared to that in pre-pandemic period. Dental pain, pus discharge, and abscess as the chief complaints of patients were significantly more prevalent during the post-pandemic period; while, dental checkups, tooth hypersensitivity, and esthetic dental problems were significantly more frequent as the chief complaints of patients during the pre-pandemic period.

Conclusion

There is indication that during the COVID-19 pandemic, SMA and prevalence of acute dental problems in patients have increased. With regard to the consequences of SMA, there is a need to raise public awareness on this matter.
Endorsement of gender stereotypes in gender diverse and cisgender adolescents and their parents
Authors: deMayo Benjamin , Kahn-Samuelson Shira , Olson Kristina R.
Published: June 2022

Previous work has documented adolescents’ gender stereotype endorsement, or the extent to which one believes men or women should embody distinct traits. However, understanding of gender stereotype endorsement in gender diverse adolescents—those who identify as transgender, nonbinary, and/or gender nonconforming—is limited. Gender diverse adolescents’ experiences with gender raise the question of whether they endorse gender stereotypes with the same frequency as cisgender adolescents. In this study, we investigated three primary research questions: (1) if gender diverse (N = 144) and cisgender (N = 174) adolescents (13–17 years) and their parents (N = 143 parents of gender diverse adolescents, N = 160 parents of cisgender adolescents) endorse gender stereotypes; (2) whether these groups differed from one another in their endorsement of gender stereotypes; and (3) whether parents’ gender stereotyping was related to either their adolescents’ stereotyping and/or their adolescents’ predictions of their parents’ stereotyping. We found (1) that participants showed low amounts of stereotyping; (2) there were no significant differences between gender stereotype endorsement in gender diverse and cisgender adolescents (or between their parents), though parents endorsed stereotypes slightly less than adolescents; and (3) there was a small positive association between adolescents’ stereotyping and their parents’ gender stereotyping. We discuss the limitations of our methods, and the possibility that rates of explicit stereotype endorsement may be changing over time.
Lessons learned after one year of COVID-19 from a urologist and radiotherapist view: A German survey on prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Harke Nina N. , Wagner Christian , Hermann Robert M. , Hadaschik Boris A. , Radtke Jan Philipp , Altay-Langguth Alev , Aufderklamm Stefan , Bach Christian , Becker-Schiebe Martina , Blana Andreas , Bruns Frank , Buse Stephan , Combs Stephanie E. , Engels Christina L. , Ezzibdeh Emad , Fiedler Marcel , Fischer Laura-Anna , Farzat Mahmoud , Frismann Alexander , Heck Matthias M. , Henkenberens Christoph , Roesch Marie C. , Käding Christoph , Klautke Gunther , Krausewitz Philipp , Kuczyk Markus A. , Leitsmann Conrad , Lettmaier Sebastian , Mahjoub Samy , Manseck Andreas , Medenwald Daniel , Meyer Andreas , Micke Oliver , Moritz Rudolf , Ott Marcel , Peters Inga , Pokupic Sasa , Porres Daniel , Preisser Felix , Reichel Kathrin , Schneider Andreas , Schwentner Christian , Scobioala Sergiu , Truss Michael , Wegener Daniel , Wezel Felix , Willborn Kay , Witt Jörn H. , Wittig Andrea , Wittlinger Michael , Wolff Hendrik A. , Zimmermanns Volker , Christiansen Hans
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Since the beginning of the pandemic in 2020, COVID-19 has changed the medical landscape. International recommendations for localized prostate cancer (PCa) include deferred treatment and adjusted therapeutic routines.

Materials and methods

To longitudinally evaluate changes in PCa treatment strategies in urological and radiotherapy departments in Germany, a link to a survey was sent to 134 institutions covering two representative baseline weeks prior to the pandemic and 13 weeks from March 2020 to February 2021. The questionnaire captured the numbers of radical prostatectomies, prostate biopsies and case numbers for conventional and hypofractionation radiotherapy. The results were evaluated using descriptive analyses.

Results

A total of 35% of the questionnaires were completed. PCa therapy increased by 6% in 2020 compared to 2019. At baseline, a total of 69 radiotherapy series and 164 radical prostatectomies (RPs) were documented. The decrease to 60% during the first wave of COVID-19 particularly affected low-risk PCa. The recovery throughout the summer months was followed by a renewed reduction to 58% at the end of 2020. After a gradual decline to 61% until July 2020, the number of prostate biopsies remained stable (89% to 98%) during the second wave. The use of RP fluctuated after an initial decrease without apparent prioritization of risk groups. Conventional fractionation was used in 66% of patients, followed by moderate hypofractionation (30%) and ultrahypofractionation (4%). One limitation was a potential selection bias of the selected weeks and the low response rate.

Conclusion

While the diagnosis and therapy of PCa were affected in both waves of the pandemic, the interim increase between the peaks led to a higher total number of patients in 2020 than in 2019. Recommendations regarding prioritization and fractionation routines were implemented heterogeneously, leaving unexplored potential for future pandemic challenges.
Multiplex real-time PCR using SYBR Green: Unspecific intercalating dye to detect antimicrobial resistance genes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Souza Mariana Brena , Cergole-Novella Maria Cecília , Molinari Delma Aparecida , Colpas Daniela Rodrigues , Carmo Andréia Moreira dos Santos , Daros Vilma dos Santos Menezes Gaiotto , Campos Ivana Barros de
Published: June 2022

Meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is still a disease of great impact on Public health, which requires immediate diagnosis and treatment. However, the culture of clinical specimens is often negative and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) must be performed with isolated strains. Multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has high sensitivity and specificity, produces faster results to identify the pathogen, and it can also be an important tool to identify resistance antibiotic genes earlier than AST, especially in the absence of an isolated strain. This study developed a multiplex qPCR assay, using SYBR Green as a nonspecific dye, to detect antibiotic resistance genes to predict pneumococcal susceptibility/resistance in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from meningitis patients. From 2017 to 2020, CSF samples were cultured and analyzed by qPCR to detect the main three bacteria causing meningitis. Isolated and reference strains were applied in SYBR Green qPCR multiplex to detect pbp2b, ermB, and mef genes, and the results were compared with the AST. Pneumococcal-positive CSF samples (lytA-positive gene) without isolated strains were also tested to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profile in the region from 2014 to 2020. From the received 873 CSF samples; 263 were cultivated, 149 were lytA-positive in the qPCR, and 25 produced viable isolated pneumococci strains, which were evaluated by AST. Melting temperature for each gene and the acceptance criteria were determined (pbp2b: 78.24–79.86; ermB: 80.88–82.56; mef: 74.85–76.34 ºC). A total of 48/51 strains presented a genetic profile in agreement with the AST results. Resistant strains to erythromycin and clindamycin were ermB-positive, and two were also mef-positive, indicating both resistance mechanisms were present. In the retrospective study of the genetic profile of resistance, 82 lytA-positive CSF samples plus 4 strains were applied in the SYBR Green qPCR multiplex: 51% of samples presented the wild genotype (pbp2b positive and ermB/mef negative); 15% were negative for all the three evaluated, indicating pneumococci resistant to penicillin; and 17% represented the multidrug-resistant pneumococci (pbp2b negative and ermB positive or pbp2b negative and ermB and mef positive). Therefore, SYBR Green qPCR multiplex proved to be a reliable tool to identify resistance genes in S. pneumoniae and would be less expensive than multiplex qPCR using specific probes. This could be easily introduced into the routine of diagnostic laboratories and provide a strong presumption of pneumococcal resistance, especially in the absence of isolated strains.
Knowing your ABCs: Extending the assessment of stimulus-response (S-R) and cognitive-mediation (C-M) beliefs
Authors: Turner Martin J. , Chadha Nanaki J. , Wood Andrew G.
Published: June 2022

Recently, researchers have proposed four superordinate emotion beliefs that supposedly influence emotion regulation and emotion reactivity. Two of these proposed emotion beliefs are captured in the cognitive mediation beliefs questionnaire (CMBQa), namely stimulus-response (S-R) generation beliefs and cognitive mediation (C-M) change beliefs. The remaining two proposed emotion beliefs, C-M generation beliefs and S-R change beliefs, are yet to be operationalised in psychometric form. It is important to validate measurement for all four emotion beliefs in order for them to be used in research and practice. The current paper reports the development and initial validity testing of the CMBQb (studies 1–3), which concerns only C-M generation beliefs and S-R change beliefs, and then tests the four-factor structure of the combined CMBQa (S-R generation, C-M change) and CMBQb (C-M generation, S-R change): the CMBQc (study 4). Some support was found for the four-factor structure of the CMBQc, with factor analyses revealing good fit to the data with a four-factor solution. Also, scores indicating greater C-M generation and change beliefs, and lower S-R generation and change beliefs, were related to more adaptive, and less maladaptive, emotion regulation tendencies. In addition, there was some evidence that greater C-M change beliefs, and lower S-R generation and change belief, were related to better affective and emotion reactivity outcomes. Implications of the CMBQc for research and practice are discussed within the context and emotion regulation science, and cognitive behavioural psychotherapy.
Las ficciones del liberalismo: historia e individuo en la narrativa de Mario Vargas Llosa (1974-1981)
Authors: Valenzuela Garcés Jorge Antonio
Published: June 2022

El propósito inicial de este artículo es identificar las motivaciones políticas e ideológicas que reorientaron a Mario Vargas Llosa, a mediados de los años setenta del siglo xx, hacia el liberalismo. Nuestro objetivo final es acercarnos al pensamiento liberal que el autor de La ciudad y los perros proyecta sobre sus textos literarios en el contexto de los años que van entre 1974 y 1981. Estudiamos el modo en que un saber político liberal supuso, en Vargas LLosa, ciertas elecciones a nivel formal y temático. Nos referimos al empleo de la reescritura con fines políticos en La guerra del fin del mundo y a los recursos de lo metaficcional y autorreferencial en novelas como La tía Julia y el escribidor. Empleamos como marco teórico las propuestas de filósofos del liberalismo vinculadas con el principio del atomismo individualista en el análisis de la realidad.
¿Cómo vivieron las personas con discapacidad la crisis de la covid-19? El caso de las personas apoyadas por entidades tutelares en España
Authors: Cáceres Rodríguez Celsa , Yepes García Irene , Sebastià Bargues Ángela , Martín Martín Raúl
Published: June 2022

Las personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo (DID) apoyadas por entidades tutelares constituyen un grupo singular dentro de la población con DID. De ahí que la Asociación Española de Fundaciones Tutelares (AEFT) se haya propuesto conocer su experiencia durante la pandemia de la COVID-19, especialmente durante el confinamiento. Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio observacional, transversal, descriptivo y analítico mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario ad hoc en el que han participado 380 personas apoyadas por entidades asociadas a la AEFT. Los resultados indican que el 9 %tuvo un diagnóstico positivo por prueba PCR, el 24 % estuvo completamente aislado, un 16 % experimentó alteraciones de conducta y un 12 % de salud mental. Asimismo, se constató la clara desventaja de quienes viven en centros residenciales con puntuaciones globales dos puntos por debajo de quienes viven de manera independiente. Analizado por factores, en una comparación de personas que viven en residencias frente a aquellos que viven independientemente, se encontraron diferencias significativas. Estas tuvieron un impacto negativo en lo relativo a la información, la comunicación y contacto y, sobre todo, en la vida en comunidad para aquellas personas viviendo en centros residenciales. El estudio muestra, sin embargo, un efecto positivo en salud a favor de las residencias. Con todo, se concluye que es necesario seguir promoviendo la autonomía de las personas y la transición hacia un modelo habitacional más inclusivo que procure el pleno disfrute del artículo 19 de la Convención.
Decolonising the film curriculum through South–North collaborative online international learning (COIL) initiatives
Authors: de la Garza Armida , Maher Cliona
Published: June 2022

Collaborative online international learning (COIL), also known as ‘telecollaboration’ or ‘virtual exchange’ among other terms, has been employed as a strategy for internationalisation of the curriculum in various disciplines for several years, but the COVID-19 pandemic has provided renewed impetus. This article argues that it can offer an effective means to decolonise approaches to teaching film studies through South–North collaborations. In brief, COIL is a pedagogical approach that holds that ‘learning takes place through a distributed network of connections to other people and their resources, and formal and informal educational assets in the public domain’ (Reo and Russell, 2015: 64). In this article, we argue that a COIL approach with a South–North focus, partnering with a higher education institution in Latin America, would provide unique opportunities to decolonise the film curriculum, given the features of COIL. In 2020, two universities in Mexico, one in Brazil and one in Colombia founded the Latin American Network for COIL. To date, it comprises 135 institutional members, some of which have students from Indigenous backgrounds and are already actively engaged in decolonising the curriculum. Our article proposes ways to take this forward.
The impact of a naturalistic intervention on preschool children’s morphological awareness development
Authors: Rosa João , Martins Margarida Alves
Published: June 2022

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a morphological awareness intervention delivered by preschool teachers in the naturalistic setting of their classrooms. The participants were 162 Portuguese children, attending kindergarten who were allocated as groups to experimental and control conditions. The former group was the object of six-weeks morphological awareness intervention anchored on explicit discussions about the morphological structure of words appearing in selected storybooks. The control group received normal curriculum activities. Results showed strong to high effect sizes on morphological awareness post-test abilities of children in the experimental group related to identifying words of the same “family”, interpreting the meaning of stems and affixes in morphologically structured pseudowords and finding the base word in derived or inflected stimuli, after controlling for age, cognitive ability, vocabulary, pre-test phonological and morphological results. The relevance of developing tools that help preschool children to consciously manipulate morphemes as meaningful building blocks of words, in partnership with preschool teachers, is proposed.
The mediator role of the perceived working conditions and safety leadership on the relationship between safety culture and safety performance: A case study in a Portuguese construction company
Authors: Magalhães Miguel Côrte-Real , Jordão Filomena , Costa Patrício
Published: June 2022

Occupational accidents in the construction sector are still a major concern with relevant costs at different levels, both individually and socially. We developed and tested two structural equation models to study, from the workers’ point of view, the mediator role of working conditions and safety leadership on the relationship between safety culture and safety performance, in a Portuguese firm. This quantitative and correlational case study applied a questionnaire to a convenience sample of 320 workers. A structural equation modeling analysis showed that safety culture was predominant in predicting safety performance and that working conditions mediated this relationship, but safety leadership did not. The results allow company’s managers gaining certain insights about the role of safety culture, working conditions and safety leadership on safety performance prediction and in the work accidents’ prevention. Furthermore, likely may help to understand what is going on in other firms, in construction sector in Portugal, and to identify problematic areas needing to be addressed.
¿Sujetos de derecho u objetos de control?
Authors: Machín Álvarez Macarena
Published: June 2022

Este artículo muestra los resultados de la comparación del accionar de las autoridades con respecto a los niños, niñas y adolescentes (en adelante NNA) migrantes no acompañados en Cádiz (España) y Tapachula (México), dos contextos de localización de esta migración que, si bien comparten similitudes en materia migratoria y de protección de derechos de los NNA, presentan de manera prevalente soluciones distintas: permanencia versus retorno. Más allá del caso en particular, este artículo muestra la influencia que los distintos modos de resolver de las autoridades tienen en el acceso y clausura de los derechos por parte de este colectivo. Para llevar a cabo este análisis se recogió la opinión de 50 informantes clave distribuidos en ambos contextos y se sistematizó la información en función de las posibles trayectorias comunes y específicas agrupándose posteriormente en seis itinerarios-tipo de intervención teniendo en cuenta los criterios del enfoque basado en derechos. En términos de resultados, este estudio comparado de casos permite desbrozar las complejidades de los modelos de intervención con esta población y confirma que a pesar de ser modelos distintos (tutelar versus securitario) en la práctica, en ambos casos, se obstaculiza y niega el ejercicio pleno de los derechos de este colectivo siendo que prima ante todo un enfoque adultocéntrico-estatocéntrico en detrimento de uno infantocéntrico o basado en su interés superior.
Inmigración y vivienda durante el confinamiento domiciliario
Authors: Orozco-Martínez Carolina , Bayona-i-Carrasco Jordi , Gil Alonso Fernando
Published: June 2022

Para la población inmigrante, el subarriendo de habitaciones es una forma común de acceso a una vivienda. En el contexto de la coyuntura de la covid-19, se examina el impacto del confinamiento domiciliario obligatorio decretado al inicio de la pandemia en la población inmigrada residente en habitaciones realquiladas en el Área Metropolitana de Barcelona. Se analizan 27 entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a dicho colectivo. Los resultados muestran la agudización de problemáticas preexistentes: problemas de convivencia, condiciones de vivienda deficientes, sobreocupación o precios excesivos, así como la aparición de nuevas dificultades a raíz de la convivencia constante y forzada, al no poder hacer uso del espacio público y al cierre de instituciones, afectando la salud física y psicológica de este colectivo. Se demuestra que el subarriendo, que acoge gran parte de la población residencialmente excluida, no garantiza una vivienda digna, adecuada y segura para enfrentar un confinamiento domiciliario.
Blueprints of an Online Learning Environment for Teaching Complex Psychomotor Skills in First Aid
Authors: Vanfleteren Riet , Charlier Nathalie
Published: June 2022

As most of the life-threatening events, such as heart failure and trauma, occur out-of-hospital, first aid is considered crucial for a victim’s survival chances. Unfortunately, a substantial part of these psychomotor or consciously brain-controlled motor skills are executed poorly or incorrectly due to the inexperience of first aid attendants or low retention after training. Together with an enlarged demand over the past years for first aid skills within the business sector and, corresponding, the tremendous load in teaching hours, this high need for training sessions in first aid led to the development of an online learning environment for psychomotor skills within the domain of Health Sciences. Although online learning environments already exist for teaching cognitive skills, developing one for psychomotor skills is considered challenging as it has not been proven effective yet. What is considered important, however, is to avoid cognitive overload and to maintain learners’ motivation throughout the entire online learning environment. As such, to avoid cognitive overload, the designers used a cognitive instructional model, namely the 4C/ID model, and used it as a framework for their online learning environment. On top, choice options were added to the online learning environment to maintain motivation throughout the process of learning psychomotor skills. The ultimate goal lies in enabling the learner to perform the psychomotor skill fluently in practice. The design process of the online learning environment, the corresponding design challenges, failures, and how they were dealt with are described in detail.
Pengukuran Nilai Selisih Error Tegangan Keluaran Catu Daya DC dengan Menggunakan Multimeter Digital dan Multimeter Analog pada Praktikum Laboratorium Dasar Elektronika dan Rangkaian Listrik Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Sriwijaya
Authors: Falka Rachmat Firdaus , Bahar Yahya
Published: June 2022

The power supply as a voltage source with a DC (Direct Current) output voltage or direct current is often used for electronic equipment, both office equipment and household equipment (Imam Saukani, 2020). In using the power supply, the output voltage is selected and high accuracy is required to obtain the output voltage that suits the user's needs. Often times, the power supply used in the practicum does not produce the right output voltage. The purpose of this study is to determine the value of the difference in the output voltage error generated after first determining the voltage value to be used at no-load using a digital multimeter and an analog multimeter as a comparison. After measuring the output voltage of the power supply, the correct voltage value is obtained in each practicum, measurements made at the same time can give definite results of the value of the output voltage of the power supply, the relatively small difference in results ensures that the power supply is in good condition, the output voltage of the power supply is measured using the measuring instrument with repeated measurements 7 (seven) times at each predetermined voltage and obtained a difference of 0.01V – 0.02V. After taking measurements using digital and analog multimeters, it can be concluded that measurements made before the practicum by measuring the output voltage of the power supply can help get the correct voltage value in each practicum, measurements by comparing measuring instruments at the same time can provide definite results of the resulting voltage value by the power supply, the difference in the results obtained is relatively small so as to ensure that the power supply is in good condition, the power supply can be used on loads or electronic equipment that requires a DC voltage source (Genta Subni Ananda Putra, et al, 2020). Practicum can be done well by measuring the output voltage of the power supply. This difference in output voltage results is what the author uses as research material for scientific writing which aims to find solutions to existing errors.
Rancang Bangun Data Logger Suhu dan Kecepatan Arus Laut Untuk Praktikum Oseanografi
Authors: Suwardi S , Lidiawati Liza , Ayatullah Erik
Published: June 2022

The equipment of experiment and research of oceanography at the Physics Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bengkulu University are still very limited of type. One of the oceanography equipment is a current meter to measure the temperature and speed of ocean currents. This equipment has limited data recording which is still manual so that it is prone to human error in its measurement. In an effort to overcome the limitations of the current meter above, in this study a temperature and ocean current velocity data logger was developed. This study aims to develop a data logger and test its effectiveness which was carried out in July – November 2021 with four stages. The first stage is design, including hardware design and software design. The second stage is the manufacturing stage, namely the manufacture of data logger hardware following the system block diagram and software development using Arduino software following the system flow diagram. The third stage is the testing stage, which includes the process of testing system performance, calibration and field testing. The fourth stage is evaluation, namely evaluation of system performance, accuracy of measurement results, and refinement of data loggers. Comparative test of the results of temperature measurements using a data logger and current meter experienced a difference between 0.1 - 0.8 oC. While the current velocity measurement using a data logger and current meter shows a difference between 0.3 – 1 m/s. The data logger has been successfully developed and works well, but its accuracy still needs to be improved by replacing the water velocity sensor with a higher sensitivity.
PERSEPULUHAN SEBAGAI DASAR MEMPEROLEH CHARITABLE DEDUCTION: STUDI BANDING INDONESIA DAN AMERIKA SERIKAT
Authors: Taufik Harven Filippo
Published: June 2022

Dengan batasan-batasan tertentu, Umat Kristen di Indonesia dapat memperoleh pengurangan penghasilan kena pajak dari persepuluhan yang dibayarkannya. Pengaturan demikian juga dapat ditemukan di Amerika Serikat dengan pengaturan yang lebih terbuka. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini akan membahas pengaturan persepuluhan sebagai dasar memperoleh charitable deduction di Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang, konseptual, historis, dan komparatif. Berdasarkan penelitian, ditemukan bahwa pengaturan di Indonesia kurang sesuai dengan karakteristik persepuluhan. Berbeda dengan di Amerika Serikat yang lebih sesuai, sehingga Umat Kristen dapat memanfaatkan pengaturan yang ada untuk memperoleh pengurangan dari pendapatan yang dikenakan pajak penghasilan.
Evaluation of a laboratory-based high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 antigen assay
Authors: Hörber Sebastian , Drees Christoph , Ganzenmueller Tina , Schmauder Kristina , Peter Silke , Biskup Dirk , Peter Andreas
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Antigen tests are an essential part of SARS-CoV-2 testing strategies. Rapid antigen tests are easy to use but less sensitive compared to nucleic acid amplification tests (NAT) and less suitable for large-scale testing. In contrast, laboratory-based antigen tests are suitable for high-throughput immunoanalyzers. Here we evaluated the diagnostic performance of the laboratory-based Siemens Healthineers SARS-CoV-2 Antigen (CoV2Ag) assay.

Methods

In a public test center, from 447 individuals anterior nasal swab specimens as well as nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected. The nasal swab specimens were collected in sample inactivation medium and measured using the CoV2Ag assay. The nasopharyngeal swab specimens were measured by RT-PCR. Additionally, 9,046 swab specimens obtained for screening purposes in a tertiary care hospital were analyzed and positive CoV2Ag results confirmed by NAT.

Results

In total, 234/447 (52.3%) participants of the public test center were positive for SARS-CoV-2-RNA. Viral lineage B1.1.529 was dominant during the study. Sensitivity and specificity of the CoV2Ag assay were 88.5% (95%CI: 83.7–91.9%) and 99.5% (97.4–99.9%), respectively. Sensitivity increased to 93.7% (97.4–99.9%) and 98.7% (97.4–99.9%) for swab specimens with cycle threshold values <30 and <25, respectively. Out of 9,046 CoV2Ag screening tests from hospitalized patients, 21 (0.2%) swab specimens were determined as false-positive by confirmatory NAT.

Conclusions

Using sample tubes containing inactivation medium the laboratory-based high-throughput CoV2Ag assay is a very specific and highly sensitive assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen in nasal swab specimens including the B1.1.529 variant. In low prevalence settings confirmation of positive CoV2Ag results by SARS-CoV-2-RNA testing is recommended.
Predictability of cryptocurrency returns: evidence from robust tests
Authors: He Siyun , Ibragimov Rustam
Published: June 2022

The paper provides a comparative empirical study of predictability of cryptocurrency returns and prices using econometrically justified robust inference methods. We present robust econometric analysis of predictive regressions incorporating factors, which were suggested by Liu, Y., & Tsyvinski, A. (2018). Risks and returns of cryptocurrency. NBER working paper no. 24877; Liu, Y., & Tsyvinski, A. (2021). Risks and returns of cryptocurrency. The Review of Financial Studies, 34(6), 2689–2727, as useful predictors for cryptocurrency returns, including cryptocurrency momentum, stock market factors, acceptance of Bitcoin, and Google trends measure of investors’ attention. Due to inherent heterogeneity and dependence properties of returns and other time series in financial and crypto markets, we provide the analysis of the predictive regressions using both heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent (HAC) standard-errors and also the recently developed

t

t

-statistic robust inference approaches, Ibragimov, R., & Müller, U. K. (2010). t-statistic based correlation and heterogeneity robust inference. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 28, 453–468; Ibragimov, R., & Müller, U. K. (2016). Inference with few heterogeneous clusters. Review of Economics and Statistics, 98, 83–96. We provide comparisons of robust predictive regression estimates between different cryptocurrencies and their corresponding risk and factor exposures. In general, the number of significant factors decreases as we use more robust t-tests, and the t-statistic robust inference approaches appear to perform better than the t-tests based on HAC standard errors in terms of pointing out interpretable economic conclusions. The results in this paper emphasize the importance of the use of robust inference approaches in the analysis of economic and financial data affected by the problems of heterogeneity and dependence.
Politische Polarisierung: Zur Systematisierung eines vielschichtigen Konzepts
Authors: Roose Jochen , Steinhilper Elias
Published: June 2022

Debatten um gesellschaftliche Spaltung haben derzeit Konjunktur. Allerdings bleibt oft unscharf, was darunter verstanden wird. Somit fallen die Diagnosen zum Zustand der Gesellschaft unterschiedlich, bisweilen sogar gegensätzlich aus. Dieser Literaturüberblick systematisiert das Konzept „politische Polarisierung“ und trägt die bisherigen Befunde zusammen. Gerade mit Blick auf die USA ist die Forschung vielfältig, allerdings nur bedingt übertragbar auf Deutschland. In einem Dreischritt wird die Literatur nach den jeweils betrachteten Formen von Polarisierung geordnet, nach Ursachen von Polarisierung befragt, und schließlich die Folgen von Polarisierung für demokratische Gemeinwesen diskutiert.
AfD gegen die Grünen? Rechtspopulismus und klimapolitische Polarisierung in Deutschland
Authors: Otteni Cyrill , Weisskircher Manès
Published: June 2022

Der politische Konflikt um den Klimawandel bestimmt die deutsche Politik. Dieser Artikel untersucht die oftmals vernachlässigte Rolle der Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) in dieser Auseinandersetzung und zeigt, dass rechtspopulistische Parteien keine „single-issue“-Parteien sind. Dabei wird sowohl die Angebots- als auch die Nachfrageseite beleuchtet. Der Artikel fokussiert zunächst auf das klimapolitische Angebot der AfD und diskutiert, wie sie, im starken Gegensatz zu ihren Mitbewerber*innen, den anthropogenen Klimawandel leugnet und welche konkreten energiepolitischen Themen sie dabei in den Mittelpunkt stellt. Im Anschluss zeigt der Artikel, dass die Positionierung der AfD mit den Ansichten ihrer Wähler*innen im Einklang steht. Das Angebot korrespondiert mit der Nachfrage: „Klimaskeptische“ Teile der deutschen Bevölkerung sympathisieren verstärkt mit der AfD. Das betrifft nicht nur allgemeine Ansichten zur Existenz des menschengemachten Klimawandels, sondern auch konkret den Ausbau der Produktion erneuerbarer Energie oder den Atom- und Kohleausstieg. Dabei bildet die AfD den klaren Gegenpol zu den Sympathisant*innen von Bündnis 90/Die Grünen. Abschließend diskutiert der Beitrag die Implikationen dieser Ergebnisse, insbesondere in Bezug auf aktuelle Debatten rund um gesellschaftliche Konfliktlinien und zunehmende Polarisierung.
Patterns of individual variation and change in Golden Age Spanish. An analysis of three linguistic variables in a corpus of private correspondence
Authors: Blas-Arroyo José Luis
Published: June 2022

Based on a corpus of private correspondence written by 16 authors from the Golden Age period, this study analyses the idiolectal distributions of three distinctive variants of early classical Spanish. After comparing these distributions at different times in the lives of these individuals against those found in the same period in previous variationist studies, the existence of three idiolectal profiles is detected: refractory, in-between and followers. The first two profiles are in the majority, although some examples of the third are also found. In any event, these profiles are not monolithic. On the contrary, with a few exceptions, speakers do not follow the same patterns in the three cases of variation studied. Moreover, a longitudinal analysis of the letters at different life stages shows that the stability of the distributions is the norm. Nevertheless, there are also some exceptions, i.e. authors who evolve significantly in the distribution of the variants, although almost always in the same direction: the progressive replacement of vernacular forms by others, following the prevailing trends of change. The main theoretical implications of these results are connected to previous findings in the literature on earlier stages of other European languages dealing with the role of idiolectal variation in shaping linguistic variation and change.
Can cultural tourism resources become a development feature helping rural areas to revitalize the local economy under the epidemic? An exploration of the perspective of attractiveness, satisfaction, and willingness by the revisit of Hakka cultural tourism
Authors: Lin Hsiao Hsien , Chen I-Yun , Lu Shih-Yun , Tseng Yi-Han , Lin Jao-Chuan
Published: June 2022

This study aims to analyze the impact of attractiveness, satisfaction, and willingness to revisit in the perception of cultural tourism tourists and whether cultural tourism could be a remedy to revitalize rural economic development under the epidemic, using the Hakka settlement in Hukeng town as a case study. In this study, a mixed research method is applied to collect 670 questionnaires by snowball sampling and used SPSS 26.0 statistical software to conduct basic statistical validation and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC) validation; the semi-structured is also used semi-structured interviews to collect the opinions of six experts and scholars, and the final results were examined by multivariate validation. The researchers found the following dimensions to be attractive for tourists to experience cultural tourism: rural scenery, heritage museums and cultural goods, low spending, use of media marketing, planning for proper tourism information, and public transportation construction effectiveness. However, there is also a need to improve the current situation of rural tourism transportation and transportation facilities, inject young development manpower, improve the knowledge and skills of the elderly to start their businesses, develop business opportunities, and stabilize prices, and improve the quality and satisfaction of tourists to promote the desire to travel. The higher the attractiveness, the higher the satisfaction, and the stronger the willingness to revisit.
A novel equilibrium optimized double-loop control scheme for unstable and integrating chemical processes involving dead time
Authors: Aryan Pulakraj , Raja G. Lloyds
Published: June 2022

Integrating and unstable chemical processes showcase instability in open-loop configuration due to the existence of poles at the origin and right-half of the s-plane. They present challenging control requirements due to their non-self-regulating nature. The presence of dead time demands more sophisticated control requirements for the above-mentioned processes. So double-loop control strategies are preferred over PID controllers in single-loop configuration. In this work, a novel IMC-PD double-loop control strategy is proposed for unstable and integrating plants with dead time. The inner-loop consists of PD controller whose initial settings are derived using Routh–Hurwitz stability conditions. The outer-loop consists of an IMC controller whose parameter along with that of the PD controller is optimized using the metaheuristic algorithm called equilibrium optimizer algorithm (EOA). EOA utilizes the range of controller settings from RH criteria for stable operation and provides the optimal settings by minimizing the integral square error (ISE). Merits of the suggested strategy is illustrated with the help of benchmark plant models of unstable/integrating chemical processes and that of a bioreactor. By computing quantitative performance measures, the dynamic responses resulting from the proposed control scheme is found to be more effective than the reported works.
Personalized recommendation system based on social tags in the era of Internet of Things
Authors: Dong Jie , Li Gui , Ma Wenkai , Liu Jianshun
Published: June 2022

With the rapid development of the Internet, recommendation systems have received widespread attention as an effective way to solve information overload. Social tagging technology can both reflect users’ interests and describe the characteristics of the items themselves, making group recommendation thus becoming a recommendation technology in urgent demand nowadays. In traditional tag-based recommendation systems, the general processing method is to calculate the similarity and then rank the recommended items according to the similarity. Without considering the influence of continuous user behavior, in this article, we propose a personalized recommendation algorithm based on social tags by combining the ideas of Markov chain and collaborative filtering. This algorithm splits the three-dimensional relationship of  into two two-dimensional relationships of  and . The user’s interest degree to the tags is calculated by the Markov chain model, and then the items corresponding to them are matched by the recommended tag set. The influence between tags is used to model the satisfaction of items based on the correlation between the tags contained in the matched items, and collaborative filtering is used to complete the sparse values when calculating the interest and satisfaction between user–tags and user–items to improve the accuracy of recommendations. The experiments show that in the publicly available dataset, the personalized recommendation algorithm proposed in this article has significantly improved in accuracy and recall rate compared with the existing algorithms.
Optical wireless communication under the effect of low electric field
Authors: Sabri Noor Wisam , Mohammed Firas S.
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the performance of free space optics (FSO) technology is investigated under the effect of external electric fields perturbations; standard parameters of the proposed system adopted by performing experimental setup measurements on the laser propagation axis and computer simulation using the “OptiSystem” program. The experimental results show linear relation between the electric field and the fluctuation of the output power As a result of the interference between the transmitted signal and the noise created by an electric field. The simulation results illustrate that when the transmitter divergence angle increased the Q-factor decreased, but not high enough to cause a complete blocking to the transmitted signal. The significance of these results, they help to understand the effect of electric discharges and Corona phenomenon of the electric field produced by the transmission line conductors nearby the optical communication systems where, (1 mrad) is the most effective divergence angle that reduces these effects.
Deep learning in light–matter interactions
Authors: Midtvedt Daniel , Mylnikov Vasilii , Stilgoe Alexander , Käll Mikael , Rubinsztein-Dunlop Halina , Volpe Giovanni
Published: June 2022

The deep-learning revolution is providing enticing new opportunities to manipulate and harness light at all scales. By building models of light–matter interactions from large experimental or simulated datasets, deep learning has already improved the design of nanophotonic devices and the acquisition and analysis of experimental data, even in situations where the underlying theory is not sufficiently established or too complex to be of practical use. Beyond these early success stories, deep learning also poses several challenges. Most importantly, deep learning works as a black box, making it difficult to understand and interpret its results and reliability, especially when training on incomplete datasets or dealing with data generated by adversarial approaches. Here, after an overview of how deep learning is currently employed in photonics, we discuss the emerging opportunities and challenges, shining light on how deep learning advances photonics.
Information about space from time: how mammals navigate the odour landscape
Authors: Ackels Tobias
Published: June 2022

Sensory input across modalities is highly dynamic, continuously confronting the brain with the task of making sense of the external world. Olfaction is a key sense that many species depend on for survival, for example to locate food sources and mating partners or to avoid encountering predators. In the absence of visual cues, olfactory cues are especially useful, as they provide information over a large range of distances. Natural odours form temporally complex plumes that show rapid fluctuations in odour concentration carrying information about the location of an odour source. This review focuses on how primarily mammals use this spatial information from olfactory cues to navigate their environment. I highlight progress made on the physical description of dynamically fluctuating odours, behavioural paradigms to investigate odour-guided navigation and review initial findings on the underlying neural mechanisms that allow mammals to extract spatial information from the dynamic odour landscape.