bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iraq between 1990 and 2015: Dimensions of conflict
Authors: Siklawi Rami
Published: February 2017

The ongoing war in Iraq since 1990, which led to the total destruction and collapse of its social, physical, cultural, economic and political institutions, may be divided into three main periods: the sanctions period (1990–2003); the direct Anglo-American occupation period (2003–11); and the post-2011 period. From 1990 to 2003, Iraq underwent severe economic and political sanctions, which caused the death of hundreds of thousands of innocent Iraqi civilians. However, conditions deteriorated after 2003, leading to more casualties among civilians. Furthermore, a substantial rise in terrorism affected Iraq directly and impacted the wider Middle East region, leaving the country at dangerous crossroads. This article attempts to answer the following questions: What were the main reasons behind the American invasion and occupation of Iraq? Why were the Americans keen on destroying the state of Iraq? This process raises further questions: What is the impact of the Iraqi conflict on the Middle East region? Wither Iraq and the region in the next few years?
Review
Authors: Herring Professor Eric
Published: February 2017

Iraq in the Twenty-First Century: Regime Change and the Making of a Failed State, Tareq Y. Ismael and Jacqueline S. Ismael (2015) London and New York: Routledge, xvii + 310 pp., ISBN-10: 1138831336, ISBN-13: 978-1138831339, h/bk, US$108
Editorial
Authors: Totev Borimir
Published: February 2017

Read here.
Observational Data and Orbits of the Asteroids Discovered at the Molėtai Observatory in 2005–2007
Authors: Černis K. , Wlodarczyk I. , Zdanavičius J.
Published: February 2017

The paper presents statistics of the asteroids observed and discovered at the Molėtai Observatory, Lithuania, in 2005–2007 within the project for astrometric observations of the near-Earth objects (NEOs), the main belt asteroids and comets. CCD observations of asteroids were obtained with the 35/51 cm Maksutov-type meniscus telescope and the 1.65 m Ritchey-Chretien reflector. In the Minor Planet Circulars and the Minor Planet Electronic Circulars (2005–2007) we published 17 003 astrometric positions of 2980 asteroids. Among them 112 were new normal asteroids and one NEO (2006 SF77) discovered at Molėtai; a few NEOs were found by our team independently. For the asteroids discovered at Molėtai their precise orbits were calculated. Because of short observational arc, a few asteroids have low-precision orbits and some asteroids have been lost. For three of them with low-precision orbital elements (NEO 2006 SF77 and two Mars crossers – 2006 SN368 and 2007 VM315), we present their ephemerides for 2016–2018.
Improvements on a Unified Dark Matter Model
Authors: Del Popolo A. , Lee Xi-Guo
Published: February 2017

We study, by means of a spherical collapse model, the effect of shear, rotation, and baryons on a generalized Chaplygin gas (gCg) dominated universe. We show that shear, rotation, and the presence of baryons slow down the collapse compared to the simple spherical collapse model. The slowing down in the growth of density perturbation is able to solve the instability of the unified dark matter (UDM) models described in previous papers (e.g.
Comment on “The Psychology of Creativity: A Critical Reading” by Vlad Petre Glăveanu
Authors: Hennessey Beth A.
Published: February 2017

In this commentary, I applaud Glăveanu’s attempts to shake things up and introduce some much-needed disruption into the study of creativity. Glăveanu is a “ big thinker” and he is correct to worry about the growing fragmentation of the field. I share his concern that the so-called “ social psychology of creativity” really isn’t all that social. Most researchers and theorists continue to decontextualize creativity, giving little attention to the cultural and environmental factors that contribute to creativity of performance. Yet Glăveanu also presents some arguments with which I disagree. Most striking is his apparent misunderstanding of the purpose and functioning of the Consensual Assessment Technique (CAT). In addition, I am less surprised than is Glăveanu about the current state of our field. The same narrowing of research questions plagues every branch of the study of psychology. However, the tides may be changing. At the forefront of a reform movement are a number of creativity theorists and journal editors. My own hope is that as researchers are given license to expand their work to include a wide variety of experimental designs, methodologies and contexts, they will adopt as their core mission the promotion of the growth of creativity at the individual, group, societal and multi-cultural levels.
Imagineering: Re-Creating Spaces through Collaborative Art-Making
Authors: Trowsdale Jo
Published: February 2017

This paper considers the significance of the types of learning relationships developed between children and adults during a creative arts and engineering project: The Imagineerium. It focuses on data collected through observations, 18 interviews conducted during and six weeks after the pupils had been involved in the project, and 25 interviews conducted one year later. This is supported by reference to a wider data set gathered from questionnaires, field notes and journal analysis conducted with 72 pupils. A significant and recurring feature emerging from this data was pupils’ perception of the positive relationships they experienced within The Imagineerium project. The article considers the elements of the project that contribute to this relational experience. In particular, it argues the importance of this educational experience being located within a tradition of community arts, within the practice of art-making and involving adult facilitators committed to these practices.
New Digital Media and Flow: A Study of Experience
Authors: Gruner Daniel T.
Published: February 2017

The burgeoning use of new digital media (NDM) platforms for social networking such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram has consistently been associated with out-group prejudice, less prosocial behaviour, less fulfilling friendships, and lower levels of moral reflection, integrity, and subjective well-being. But the context of NDM use is often neglected when examining its psychological effects. Moreover, such studies are limited to retrospective accounts and can benefit from examining episodic experiences of flow, boredom, apathy, and anxiety. Drawing on data collected using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), this study assessed the psychological impact of social networking on low and high media users. Participants (N = 65) were signaled six times per day for seven days and asked to respond to brief surveys about subjective momentary experiences. Findings indicated that high media users, on average, reported less positive moods, and also reported being significantly less creative and less energetic each day. Further, high media users reported deriving less meaning from daily activities, and were marginally less satisfied with the overall quality of their week than their low media user counterparts. When comparing all media users across flow quadrants, creativity, meaning, engagement, and energy levels were highest in flow, and substantially decreased across the remaining quadrants. Notably, self reported mood was slightly higher during instances of boredom than flow. However, a more nuanced comparison of these outcomes revealed that high media users reported being marginally more creative and engaged during boredom, thereby identifying differences in how the two groups approached social media.
Extenuating Whip-Lash Effect in Multi-Echelon SCM in Steel Processing Industry Using Optimization Model
Authors: Phaneendra A. Naga , Vanimireddy Diwakar Reddy , Gidda Krishnaiah
Published: February 2017

Forecasting of inventory is an enigma to various firms at different echelon levels of supply chain. Abnormality in forecasting an inventory may leads to fluctuations in upstream supply chain. On upswing it can be uneconomical in terms of stock-out cost, while on the down trend it can be expensive in terms of stock holding costs. To amend the firms efficiency, in this paper the model developed by (Akhtar Tanveer et al. An Optimization model for Mitigating Bullwhip-Effect in a Two-Echelon Supply chain. Int conf Traf Transp Stud 2014;138:289-97) is successfully applied to steel processing firm to mitigate the Bull-whip or Whip-lash effect in the supply chain. The objective function is to minimize the variation between the actual order quantity and demand forecast of multiple products at various echelons and the simple exponential smoothing is compiled to forecast the demand of products. The model is furthermore validated by an illustration of seven products and it depicts that the model emanates an optimal set of smoothing parameters to attenuate the whip-lash effect.
Early and Late Loss of the Cytoskeletal Scaffolding Protein, Ankyrin G Reveals Its Role in Maturation and Maintenance of Nodes of Ranvier in Myelinated Axons
Authors: Saifetiarova Julia , Taylor Anna M. , Bhat Manzoor A.
Published: February 2017

The mechanisms that govern node of Ranvier organization, stability, and long-term maintenance remain to be fully elucidated. One of the molecular components of the node is the cytoskeletal scaffolding protein, ankyrin G (AnkG), which interacts with multiple members of the nodal complex. The role of AnkG in nodal organization and maintenance is still not clearly defined as to whether AnkG functions as an initial nodal organizer or whether it functions as a nodal stabilizer after the nodal complex has been assembled. Using a mouse model system, we report here that perinatal and juvenile neuronal ablation of AnkG has differential consequences on nodal stability. Early loss of AnkG creates immature nodes with abnormal morphology, which undergo accelerated destabilization within a month, resulting in rapid voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channel and βIV spectrin loss with reduced effects on neurofascin 186. On the other hand, late ablation of AnkG from established nodal complexes leads to slow but progressive nodal destabilization over 10 months, primarily affecting βIV spectrin, followed by NaVchannels, with modest impact on neurofascin 186. We also show that ankyrin R and βI spectrin are not sufficient to prevent nodal disorganization after AnkG ablation. Additionally, nodal disorganization in both early and late AnkG mutants is accompanied by axonal pathology and neurological dysfunction. Together, our results suggest that AnkG plays an indispensable role in the maturation and long-term stabilization of the newly assembled nodal complex, and that loss of AnkG after nodal stabilization does not lead to rapid nodal disassembly but to loss of specific nodal components in a time-dependent manner.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNodes of Ranvier are the myelin-free gaps along myelinated axons that allow fast communication between neurons and their target cells by propagating action potentials in a saltatory manner. The cytoskeletal scaffolding protein ankyrin G (AnkG) has been thought to play an important role in node formation; however, its precise role in nodal assembly, stability, and maintenance is still not clear. By using spatiotemporal ablation of AnkG, we report its differential role in nodal maturation and stabilization. We show that early AnkG-deficient nodes fail to mature and undergo rapid destabilization. In contrast, nodes that assemble with AnkG are much more stable and undergo gradual disintegration with sequential loss of nodal components in the absence of AnkG.
Dancing to Beethoven in Wilhelmine Germany
Authors: Frankenbach Chantal
Published: February 2017

Early in 1904 the American modern dancer Isadora Duncan, already notorious for her barefoot “Greek dancing” to concert music not intended for the stage, created a scandal in Germany by presenting a program of dances to Beethoven’s Seventh Symphony. Critics and composers responded in music journals and the daily press with a vigorous denunciation of Duncan’s trespass into the inner circle of German musical culture. What most disturbed Duncan’s critics, however, was the success of her Beethoven program with the public. Concern over Duncan’s hold on German audiences reveals the anxieties of professional musicians and critics whose status in Germany was also threatened by the popularity of music and dance entertainments in vaudeville and cabaret theater. Together with a musical parody of Duncan by Oscar Straus and a venomous attack by Max Reger, hostile reviews of Duncan illuminate serious musicians’ increasingly tenuous hold on the musical tastes of modern Bildungsbürger audiences.
Transducing a Sermon, Inducing Conversion
Authors: Harkness Nicholas
Published: February 2017

This paper is an analysis of the final sermon of Billy Graham’s 1973 Crusade in Seoul, South Korea, when he preached to a crowd estimated to exceed one million people. Next to Graham at the pulpit was Billy Jang Hwan Kim, a preacher who, in his capacity as interpreter, translated Graham’s sermon verbally and peri-verbally—utterance by utterance, tone by tone, gesture by gesture—for the Korean-speaking audience. I examine the dynamic pragmatics (for example, chronotopic formulations, deictic calibrations, voicing and register effects, and indexical dimensions of entextualization) by which a sermonic copy across linguistic codes became an evangelical conduit between Cold War polities. In so doing, I demonstrate how the scope of intertextual analysis can be expanded productively from the narrow translation of denotation across codes to the broader indexical processes of semiotic “transduction” across domains of cultural semiosis.
Blockage of androgen and administration of estrogen induce transdifferentiation of testis into ovary
Authors: Shi Hongjuan , Gao Tian , Liu Zhilong , Sun Lina , Jiang Xiaolong , Chen Lili , Wang Deshou
Published: February 2017

Induction of sex reversal of XY fish has been restricted to the sex undifferentiated period. In the present study, differentiated XY tilapia were treated with trilostane (TR), metopirone (MN) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) (inhibitor of 3β-HSD, Cyp11b2 and 11β-HSD, respectively) alone or in combination with 17β-estradiol (E2) from 30 to 90 dah (days after hatching). At 180 dah, E2 alone resulted in 8.3%, and TR, MN and GA alone resulted in no secondary sex reversal (SSR), whereas TR + E2, MN + E2 and GA + E2 resulted in 88.3, 60.0 and 46.7% of SSR, respectively. This sex reversal could be rescued by simultaneous administration of 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT). Compared with the control XY fish, decreased serum 11-KT and increased E2 level were detected in SSR fish. Immunohistochemistry analyses revealed that Cyp19a1a, Cyp11b2 and Dmrt1 were expressed in the gonads of GA + E2, MN + E2 and TR + E2 SSR XY fish at 90 dah, but only Cyp19a1a was expressed at 180 dah. When the treatment was applied from 60 to 120 dah, TR + E2 resulted in 3.3% of SSR, MN + E2 and GA + E2 resulted in no SSR. These results demonstrated that once 11-KT was synthesized, it could antagonize E2-induced male-to-female SSR, which could be abolished by simultaneous treatment with the inhibitor of steroidogenic enzymes. The upper the enzyme was located in the steroidogenic pathway, the higher SSR rate was achieved when it was inhibited as some of the precursors, such as androstenedione, testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone, could act as androgens. These results highlight the key role of androgen in male sex maintenance.
DNA Repair inDrosophila: Mutagens, Models, and Missing Genes
Authors: Sekelsky Jeff
Published: February 2017

The numerous processes that damage DNA are counterbalanced by a complex network of repair pathways that, collectively, can mend diverse types of damage. Insights into these pathways have come from studies in many different organisms, including Drosophila melanogaster. Indeed, the first ideas about chromosome and gene repair grew out of Drosophila research on the properties of mutations produced by ionizing radiation and mustard gas. Numerous methods have been developed to take advantage of Drosophila genetic tools to elucidate repair processes in whole animals, organs, tissues, and cells. These studies have led to the discovery of key DNA repair pathways, including synthesis-dependent strand annealing, and DNA polymerase theta-mediated end joining. Drosophila appear to utilize other major repair pathways as well, such as base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, and interstrand crosslink repair. In a surprising number of cases, however, DNA repair genes whose products play important roles in these pathways in other organisms are missing from the Drosophila genome, raising interesting questions for continued investigations.
TANDA BAHAYA SERTA PENATALAKSANAAN PERDARAHAN POST-PARTUM
Authors: Sanjaya Windu
Published: February 2017

Post-partum hemorrhage defined by WHO by condition loss of blood >500 ml of 24 hours after labor. Based on research in 2008, said every women that died in minute on labor, that 24% caused by massive hemorrhage. Diagnosis of post-partum hemorrhage acquired by seeking the cause of hemorrhage, calculate the blood loss and patient clinical condition. Treatment of post partum hemorrhage started by giving uterotonic, uterine massage, bimanual compression, blood transfusion/ crystalloid fluid, giving blood coagulation factor, and/or retain rest placenta manually and trauma management. Invasive treatment such are balloon tamponade, uterine compressed hecting, angiographic arterial embolization, arterial ligation, and hysterectomy. Some modified technic also very suggested to be able to performed in area with limited facilities. Prevention of post-partum hemorrhage are by perform management active phase III, knowing the risk factor and always do consultation with competent medical staff.
PERIKANAN TANGKAP DI DANAU MATANO, MAHALONA, DAN TOWUTI, SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Samuel Samuel , Husnah Husnah , Makmur Safran
Published: February 2017

Suatu penelitian untuk mengetahui aspek perikanan tangkap di Danau Matano, Mahalona, dan Towuti telah dilakukan dari bulan Mei Desember 2005. Danau Matano, Mahalona, dan Towuti merupakan contoh dari ekosistem danau tektonik yang menampung jenis ikan endemik dan juga jenis ikan introduksi (tilapia dan ikan mas, Cyprinus carpio). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survei dengan cara mencari lokasi-lokasi ada aktivitas penangkapan ikan, wawancara dengan nelayan, dan bekerjasama dengan enumerator dalam mengumpulkan data penelitian. Hasil penelitian telah mendapatkan 22 jenis ikan endemik dan 6 jenis ikan introduksi yang tertangkap di ketiga danau (Matano, Mahalona, dan Towuti). Danau Matano tertangkap 7 jenis ikan endemik, Mahalona 8 jenis, dan Danau Towuti tertangkap 15 jenis. Jaring dan bagan merupakan alat tangkap yang dominan digunakan oleh nelayan untuk menangkap ikan endemik seperti ikan buttini (Glossogobius sp.) dan pangkilan (Telmatherina sp. dan Paratherina sp.). Hasil tangkapan ikan di Danau Towuti 5,7 kg per ha per tahun, Danau Mahalona 1,8 kg per ha per tahun, dan Danau Matano 1,2 kg per ha per tahun. Untuk melestarikan ikan-ikan endemik perlu ada pengelolaan dan pengaturan waktu dan lokasi penangkapan yang baik. A research in order to identify the capture fishery at Lakes: Matano, Mahalona, and Towuti was conducted from May to December 2005. Lakes Matano, Mahalona, and Towuti are examples of the representative tectonic lake ecosystems housing the endemic and some exotics (tilapia and carp, Cyprinus carpio) fish species. The survey methods were used in this reseacrh by hunting the location of fishing activities, interview with fishermen and partnership with enumerator in collecting research data. Results of the research show that 23 endemic fish species and 6 introduced per exotic fish species were caught in three research lakes. From 22 endemic fishes, 7 fish species were caught at Lake Matano, 8 fish species at Lake Mahalona, and 15 fish species were caught at Lake Towuti respectively. Gillnets and bagan were dominant fishing gears to catch the endemic fishes such as buttini (Glossogobius sp.) and pangkilan (Telmatherina sp. and Paratherina sp.). The productivity of the fisheries were 5.7 kg per ha per year for Lake Towuti, 1.8 kg per ha per year (Lake Mahalona), and 1.2 kg per ha per year (Lake Matano) respectively. To sustain endemic fishes is needed a better management eg. domesticating and regulating time and location of capture endemic fish species.
PENGARUH CAHAYA LAMPU TERHADAP POLA AGREGASI IKAN DI BAGAN TANCAP PERAIRAN KEPULAUAN SERIBU
Authors: Priatna Asep , Mahiswara Mahiswara
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pola agregasi ikan di bawah pengaruh cahaya lampu bagan tancap. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2005 di Kepulauan Seribu. Pengamatan pola agregasi ikan dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat akustik Simrad EY500. Data intensitas cahaya diambil dengan menggunakan light meter LI-250, serta verifikasi hasil tangkapan untuk memperkuat hasil analisis. Analisis meliputi interpretasi visual berbasis pada presentasi grafik yang merupakan dasar bagi penafsiran data dan penyusunan informasi. Pengaruh intensitas cahaya yang berbeda terhadap agregasi ikan mempunyai pola yang tidak sama, baik nilai intensitas cahaya optimumnya, besarnya agregasi, maupun posisi kedalaman untuk nilai agregasi terbesar. Proses pengumpulan ikan pada awal penyinaran dengan perlakuan jenis lampu petromak lebih cepat dibanding dengan hasil perlakuan lampu mercuri. Ikan akan beradaptasi terhadap variasi iluminasi cahaya sehingga selama proses pencahayaan terjadi migrasi. The research objective was to study fish aggregation pattern under light influence set in stationary bamboo lift net. This research was conducted on May 2005 in Seribu Islands waters. Simrad EY-500 echosounder was used to observe the fish aggregation. Light meter LI 250 was used to measure light intensity level and catch data for supporting the analysis result. Data analyzed by visual description based on graph presentation were used as data interpretation and information. The influence of different light intensity on fish aggregation had different pattern especially for optimum value of light intensity, maximumvalue of fish aggregation, and depth layer of the maximum value of fish aggregation. For fish aggregation under light of kerosene pressured lamps was quicker than mercury lamps in the early of illumination process. Fish will adapt to various light illumination, so that during illumination process the migration of fish is occured.
Corrected by Reflection
Authors: Talbot Elizabeth , Wastell Colin Arthur
Published: February 2017

Cognitive by-product theorists suggest that the ability to accept religious and supernatural belief is a by-product of humans’ evolved propensity to over-attribute agency to non-human entities such as animals and objects. It is argued that this phenomenon facilitates and underpins belief in gods and supernatural beings. With this in mind, how then is non belief and atheism explained? The present study aimed to explore atheism from the perspective of by-product theory, examining differences in Anthropomorphizing (attributing human qualities to non human entities) in a population of atheists compared to a sample from a general population. One hundred and twenty-three participants recruited from a general population for a study on beliefs and thirty-six participants were recruited via an atheist organization completed the study. Results showed lower use of non-animal agency anthropomorphic concepts was linked to lower religiosity, and that the atheist recruited participants showed the least endorsement of anthropomorphic concepts than the general population sample. The implications of this finding are discussed with respect to the nature of atheism and the role of de-anthropomorphizing in the adoption of an atheist belief position.
The use of pictures for interactional purposes and the grammar of social interaction
Authors: Rasmussen Gitte
Published: February 2017

This conversation analytic study investigates the introduction of pictures in sequence initial position in Atypical Interaction across institutional and private settings. The pictures share two main features; they are paper-based and they can be manipulated by hand. Danish clients (from different populations) and their relatives, or speech and language pathologists, combine them in initial position systematically with talk, amongst other resources, in three different ways. The paper studies how their use becomes interwoven with talk, and the grammar of language, in order to be understandable as resources for interaction. Co-participants orient towards this, which, as is suggested, needs to be put in the foreground in order to nuance the potential of artefacts not only for atypical interaction, but possibly in typical interaction too. Strands of research in both areas have focused on (the potential of) artifacts as resources for communication and interaction.
Configuration of the World of Work: a Panorama in Latin America and Colombia
Authors: Bedoya Dorado Cristian
Published: February 2017

The administrative exercise and how to understand organizations, is related to the social and contextual phenomena that occur within and outside its borders. Fluid and discontinuous phenomena that are conditions of possibility for the world of work is configured. Postmodernist discourses are positioned as an analytical and reference framework that enable the reflection of the world of work. A world or a scenario that materializes with new forms of organizations and administrative practices or management approaches. This reflection article aims to discuss some of the changing world of work and contextualize the Colombian panorama. This exercise suggests the need for new interdisciplinary discussions to analyse the organizational dynamics and the "subject" that is managed. Configuration of the world of work not only reveals new forms of organization and management, but also new subjectivities.El ejercicio administrativo y el modo de comprender las organizaciones, está relacionado con los fenómenos sociales y contextuales que ocurren dentro y fuera de sus fronteras. Fenómenos fluidos y discontinuos que constituyen condiciones de posibilidad para que el mundo del trabajo se configure. Los discursos posmodernos se posicionan como un marco analítico y de referencia que posibilita la reflexión del mundo del trabajo. Un mundo o un escenario que se materializa con nuevas formas de organizaciones y de prácticas administrativas o enfoques de gestión. El presente artículo de reflexión tiene como objetivo discutir algunas de las transformaciones del mundo del trabajo y contextualizar el panorama colombiano. Este ejercicio sugiere la necesidad de nuevos debates interdisciplinares que permitan analizar las dinámicas organizacionales y al “sujeto” que se dirige en ellas. La configuración del mundo del trabajo no solo devela nuevas formas de organización y de gestión, sino que también nuevas subjetividades. O exercício administrativo e como entender organizações, está relacionado com os fenómenos sociais e contextuais que ocorrem dentro e fora das suas fronteiras. Fenômenos fluidos e descontínuos que são condições de possibilidade para o mundo do trabalho está definido. Discursos pós-modernistas estão posicionados como um quadro analítico e referência que permite a reflexão do mundo do trabalho. Um mundo ou um cenário materializa com novas formas de organização e práticas administrativas ou abordagens de gestão. Este artigo reflexão tem como objetivo discutir algumas das mutações no mundo do trabalho e contextualizar a paisagem colombiana. Este exercício sugere a necessidade de novas discussões interdisciplinares para analisar a dinâmica organizacional e o "sujeito" que os alvos. Moldando o mundo do trabalho não só revela novas formas de organização e gestão, mas também novas subjetividades.
Active sulfate-rich belite sulfoaluminate cement
Authors: Shen Yan , Yang Dingyi , Zhang Ming , Qian Jueshi
Published: February 2017

This work focuses on the activation of belite to improve the strength development of sulfate-rich belite sulfoaluminate cements. Borax was used to act as an activator to promote stabilisation of high-temperature belite polymorphs. The phase compositions of clinkers were analysed by using quantitative X-ray powder diffraction. The transformation of β-belite (C2S) to α′-C2S mainly depends on the dosage of borax, and the change in polymorphs is almost complete when the dosage of borax reaches 5%. The formation of α′-C2S can significantly increase the compressive strength and the concentration of borax has a great effect on the strength development of the activated cements. The hydration products of activated cements were also investigated. The results show that the activation of belite can promote the formation of ettringite. Moreover, the crystallisation of ettringite is also affected by the polymorphs of belite, and a fine microstructure of ettringite is found in the activated cement paste.
A Trial of Extending Hemodialysis Hours and Quality of Life
Authors: Jardine Meg J. , Zuo Li , Gray Nicholas A. , de Zoysa Janak R. , Chan Christopher T. , Gallagher Martin P. , Monaghan Helen , Grieve Stuart M. , Puranik Rajesh , Lin Hongli , Eris Josette M. , Zhang Ling , Xu Jinsheng , Howard Kirsten , Lo Serigne , Cass Alan , Perkovic Vlado ,   on behalf of the ACTIVE Dialysis Steering Committee
Published: February 2017

The relationship between increased hemodialysis hours and patient outcomes remains unclear. We randomized (1:1) 200 adult recipients of standard maintenance hemodialysis from in-center and home-based hemodialysis programs to extended weekly (≥24 hours) or standard (target 12–15 hours, maximum 18 hours) hemodialysis hours for 12 months. The primary outcome was change in quality of life from baseline assessed by the EuroQol 5 dimension instrument (3 level) (EQ-5D). Secondary outcomes included medication usage, clinical laboratory values, vascular access events, and change in left ventricular mass index. At 12 months, median weekly hemodialysis hours were 24.0 (interquartile range, 23.6–24.0) and 12.0 (interquartile range, 12.0–16.0) in the extended and standard groups, respectively. Change in EQ-5D score at study end did not differ between groups (mean difference, 0.04 [95% confidence interval, −0.03 to 0.11]; P=0.29). Extended hours were associated with lower phosphate and potassium levels and higher hemoglobin levels. Blood pressure (BP) did not differ between groups at study end. Extended hours were associated with fewer BP-lowering agents and phosphate-binding medications, but were not associated with erythropoietin dosing. In a substudy with 95 patients, we detected no difference between groups in left ventricular mass index (mean difference, −6.0 [95% confidence interval, −14.8 to 2.7] g/m2; P=0.18). Five deaths occurred in the extended group and two in the standard group (P=0.44); two participants in each group withdrew consent. Similar numbers of patients experienced vascular access events in the two groups. Thus, extending weekly hemodialysis hours did not alter overall EQ-5D quality of life score, but was associated with improvement in some laboratory parameters and reductions in medication burden. (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00649298).
Immunologic Effects of the Renin-Angiotensin System
Authors: Crowley Steven D. , Rudemiller Nathan P.
Published: February 2017

Inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) exacerbates renal and vascular injury. Accordingly, treatment with global RAS antagonists attenuates cardiovascular risk and slows the progression of proteinuric kidney disease. By reducing BP, RAS inhibitors limit secondary immune activation responding to hemodynamic injury in the target organ. However, RAS activation in hematopoietic cells has immunologic effects that diverge from those of RAS stimulation in the kidney and vasculature. In preclinical studies, activating type 1 angiotensin (AT1) receptors in T lymphocytes and myeloid cells blunts the polarization of these cells toward proinflammatory phenotypes, protecting the kidney from hypertensive injury and fibrosis. These endogenous functions of immune AT1 receptors temper the pathogenic actions of renal and vascular AT1 receptors during hypertension. By counteracting the effects of AT1 receptor stimulation in the target organ, exogenous administration of AT2 receptor agonists or angiotensin 1–7 analogs may similarly limit inflammatory injury to the heart and kidney. Moreover, although angiotensin II is the classic effector molecule of the RAS, several RAS enzymes affect immune homeostasis independently of canonic angiotensin II generation. Thus, as reviewed here, multiple components of the RAS signaling cascade influence inflammatory cell phenotype and function with unpredictable and context-specific effects on innate and adaptive immunity.
Officium. Beamte im antiken Rom
Authors: Meißner Burkhard
Published: February 2017

Scheinbar sind Beamte ein Phänomen der Moderne, des modernen Staates und seiner Rationalität. Beamtenherrschaft unter politischer Leitung macht Max Webers Herrschaftssoziologie daher zum Inbegriff der modernen rationalen Staatsanstalt: Berufsbeamtentum, Amtshierarchie, Verwaltungsrecht als Rahmen für Kontinuität und Sachlichkeit einerseits und die politische Kontrolle andererseits sind in dieser Perspektive Garanten von Legitimität und Legalität, denen in Mittelalter und Altertum Weniges entsprochen hätte.
Preparation of 1.5 mg/mL Sera-mag carbolylate modified magnetic particles v1
Authors: Miranda Molly
Published: February 2017

Preparation of 1.5 mg/mL Sera-mag magnetic particles for DNA purification, a low cost Agencourt Ampure XP reagent substitute Adapted from B. Faircloth & T. Glenn, 11.19.11, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA https://ethanomics.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/serapure_v2-2.pdf
Gestión del agua en la ciudad de México: Territorios, instituciones y actores, 2000-2010
Authors: Martínez-Omaña Maria Concepción
Published: February 2017

El agua es un recurso con distintas funciones y problemáticas específicas generadas por su abatimiento, contaminación, distribución inequitativa e ineficiente administración. En este escenario estudio la gestión del agua en la ciudad de México en la última década. La gestión del agua implica diversas etapas, tales como la producción, distribución, aprovechamiento, dotación, provisión y prestación del recurso. En esas etapas intervienen agentes públicos y privados, así como  instituciones con responsabilidades específicas, lo que produce un complejo entramado de  relaciones en su gestión, las cuales se materializan tanto en distintos niveles de gobierno --local, estatal y federal-- como en escalas territoriales: región, cuenca hidrográfica, cauces, ríos y redes de agua urbana.
La estación meteorológica, el agricultor y la planeación urbana: una reflexión para abordar estudios interdisciplinarios del clima
Authors: Hoyos Isabel , Arango Luisa , Hoyos Adriana , Rodríguez Boris Anghelo , Valderrama Esthefany , Cañón Julio
Published: February 2017

En esta contribución, proponemos un diálogo entre diferentes disciplinas para abordar el estudio del clima y su impacto sobre la disponibilidad hídrica. Nuestra investigación se sitúa en Cartagena de Indias, una de las ciudades costeras más importantes de Colombia. Proponemos el concepto de interacción entre escalas como eje estructurador del diálogo. Este eje nos permite encontrar puntos de convergencia y divergencia que enriquecen la comprensión de nuestro caso de estudio entendido como un sistema hidrosocial. En esta búsqueda, la crítica a la noción de “cambio climático” aparece como un lugar de encuentro entre las ciencias sociales y naturales, ya que se considera el clima como un objeto de realidad material, social y discursiva. La integración de la dinámica del clima con la evolución de los procesos sociales que tienen lugar en el territorio, conduce a cada investigador a tener una postura crítica frente a su propia práctica científica puesto que su objeto de estudio adquiere nuevos significados y dimensiones cuando se confronta con otras disciplinas. Esta interacción permite reconocer características del sistema que emergen cuando se incorporan componentes dinámicos derivados de la visión del problema desde otras disciplinas. La reflexión colectiva concluye que resulta urgente tener en cuenta la constante interacción entre la sociedad, el territorio y el agua ya que la dimensión material puede imponer límites a la construcción social y territorial de la naturaleza y estos límites son continuamente sobrepasados y recreados socialmente.
Effect of Renewable Energy and Electric Vehicles on Smart Grid
Authors: A. Zaky Alaa
Published: February 2017

Global electricity demands are increasing at rapid pace. Energy supply, their usage and technologies involved need to be more economical, environment friendly and socially sustainable. Efforts are being done all over the globe to reduce this green house effect; and renewable energy technologies to combat climate changes, which require extensive changes to the current electricity generation and distribution systems. To meet this goal, it is required to optimize the grid operations and available resources to meet the ever increasing energy demands in an efficient, effective and environment sustainable way. So strong and huge interests on smart grid have increased extensively in recent years around the world. This scenario could be a promising reason for future research in this area. This next form of electricity grid will be able to manage various parts of power production from power plants to the customers. Renewable energy sources appear strongly in smart grid so in this paper the effect of this sources will be studied also electric vehicles have a great effect on smart grid infrastructure ,communication and control this paper will discuss this effect if it come from the electric vehicle mode or vehicle to grid mode.
Augmented reality in error troubleshooting inside flexible manufacturing cells
Authors: Csokmai Lehel , Tarca Radu , Ovidiu Moldovan
Published: February 2017

A new type of software framework for error troubleshooting in flexible manufacturing systems using a frame marker device. Our framework system meant to resolve the failures originated from the human-machine interface and to generate self-training from previous experience.
Efeito alelopático de Raphanus sativus em Urochloa decumbens e Lactuca sativa
Authors: Navas Rafael , Pereira Maria Renata Rocha
Published: February 2017

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o potencial alelopático de extrato de folhas e raízes de Raphanus sativus, nas espécies Urochloa decumbens e Lactuca sativa L. Para obtenção do extrato, foram utilizadas separadamente folhas e raízes de R. sativus, trituradas na proporção de 200 g de folhas para 1 L de água, resultando no extrato aquoso bruto (100%). A partir desse extrato, foram realizadas as diluições de 60%, 40% e 20% e testemunha. Sementes de U. decumbens e L. sativa foram distribuídas uniformemente sobre duas folhas de papel germitest, com quatro repetições, com 40 sementes cada. As avaliações de germinação foram realizadas aos 7 e aos 14 dias após semeadura, bem como o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), comprimento de parte aérea e radicular e massa seca. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, e os valores submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e análise de regressão. O extrato de folhas proporcionou redução na germinação de L. sativa em todas as doses testadas. Com a aplicação do extrato de raiz, observou-se o aumento da germinação, do IVG e do comprimento de radícula de U. decumbens em doses a partir de 40%. Já com a aplicação do extrato de folha, os comprimentos de parte aérea e radícula também foram maiores, independentemente da dose utilizada. Não houve influência dos tratamentos sobre a massa seca das espécies.
Molecular Dynamics Study for Inhibition of Iron Corrosion in High-Temperature Liquid PbBi with Nobel Gas Inhibitors
Authors: Sa’adah Umi , Arkundato Artoto , Rohman Lutfi
Published: February 2017

Molecular dynamics is a popular method to observe the movement of interacting molecules. In this study molecular dynamics method was used to observe the phenomenon of iron corrosion and analyze effect of noble gases as a corrosion inhibitor for iron in liquid metal PbBi. Physical quantities are evaluated from the results of this study including: Mean Square Displacement (MSD), the diffusion coefficient, and for the crystal structure is visualized using Ovito program. The ron is placed in the middle high temperature liquid PbBi, the noble gases is injected into the liquid metal. Based on the three kinds of the noble gases (helium, neon, and argon) thhat injected into the molten metal PbBi, it obtained that Argon is the most effective in inhibiting the corrosion of iron. Argon is able to reduce the corrosion rate of 80.29% iron for temperature of 1023K. One reason to use the noble gas because these gases are difficult to react with other elements. Keywords: Molecular Dynamics, Corrosion in Liquid metals, Nobel Gases, Inhibitors
A construção de um programa de letramento informacional e arte educação
Authors: Zinn Alexandra César , Gasque Kelley Cristine Gonçalves Dias
Published: February 2017

Analisa a interligação dos conteúdos de letramento informacional aos conteúdos de Arte no ensino médio por meio de pesquisa descritiva realizada com arte-educadores da secretaria de educação do Distrito Federal, regional de ensino do Recanto das Emas. Os docentes pesquisados participaram de curso básico de formação em letramento informacional com intuito de subsidiar a etapa posterior que consistiu em responderem rodadas de questionários intercaladas por feedbacks. O estudo utilizou o método Delphi, os instrumentos de pesquisa foram questionários estruturados com perguntas fechadas e abertas. Os resultados revelaram a viabilidade de aplicação da proposta, apesar dos desafios a serem superados, relacionados principalmente à incipiência na formação em letramento informacional dos docentes em geral, à deficitária infraestrutura das escolas e à organização curricular vigente.
Impact of Dietary Module on Nutritional Knowledge and Consumption Pattern of Type 2 Diabetic Patients at Risk of Cardiac Diseases
Authors: Jain Kapila , Bhatnagar Vibha
Published: February 2017

As diabetes is a disease which continues for a lifetime, the proper therapy methods should be applied in order to control the disease, remove or relief the symptoms, prevent and delay the complications. Patients have a major role in the control and treatment of T2DM. So knowledge of different aspects of this disease especially diet therapy is very important for these patients. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of nutrition education on diabetic patient's nutritional knowledge and food consumption habits. To provide nutrition education, an evaluated dietary module with the help of 16 panel members was developed. Further in this study, diabetic subjects were divided into two groups, experimental (50 subjects) and control (50 subjects). Nutrition education with the help of module was provided to the experimental group and not to the control group. In order to determine the nutritional knowledge, 30 questions related to general facts and management information about disease were presented to the patients. "24 hour recall method" for three consecutive days was used to determine the food intake. Further daily intake of energy and other nutrients were determined using computer software. At the end of nutrition education, significant differences were detected in experimental group regarding nutritional knowledge, dietary and nutrient intake and a higher percentage change was also observed in experimental group as compared to control group. The efficacy of the dietary module in improving nutritional knowledge, dietary intake was confirmed in the present study because obtained results indicated that education was effective in changing their consumption habits.
Monitoring of Water and Solute Transport in the Vadose Zone: A Review
Authors: Singh Gurbir , Kaur Gurpreet , Williard Karl , Schoonover Jon , Kang Jasjit
Published: February 2017

Core Ideas

Soil solution sampling is essential to better understand water and solute movement in soils.

A review of different types of soil solution samplers is provided in this paper, including: drainage lysimeter or soil column, pan lysimeter, resin bags or membranes, wick lysimeters, suction cup, and suction plate.

Recent developments, modifications, and recommendation criteria are provided for selecting appropriate soil solution extraction samplers.

A number of contaminants including agrochemicals (fertilizers, pesticides), heavy metals, trace elements, and pathogenic microbes along with pharmaceuticals and hormones used in animal production move through the soil and are responsible for degradation of groundwater quality. Therefore, it is essential to sample soil solution for better understanding of movement and environmental fate of various contaminants in soils. We review different soil solution extraction samplers. The soil solution samplers discussed here are: drainage lysimeter or soil column, pan lysimeter, resin bags or membranes, wick lysimeters, suction cup, and suction plate. We have reviewed 304 journal articles representing a wide array of scientific disciplines. A brief history of soil solution monitoring and terminology used for describing various soil solution samplers is also provided. This review classifies literature on the basis of type of soil solution extraction samplers, soil type, land use–land cover (LULC), and analytes measured. Recommendation criteria are provided for selecting appropriate soil solution extraction samplers based on spatial and temporal variation, cost, soil type, amount of disturbance caused during installation of soil solution samplers, and monitoring of leachates involving different cations, anions, carbon, pH, EC, colloids, pesticides, and microbes. Use of advanced techniques with lysimeters for monitoring soil moisture content, soil water potential and flux is also discussed in this review.
Impact of surface maintenance on BioSand filter performance and flow
Authors: Singer Sarah , Skinner Brain , Cantwell Raymond E.
Published: February 2017

The BioSand filter (BSF) is a household scaled, intermittently operated, slow sand filter. The BSF requires maintenance to remove trapped sediments. This study evaluated the effects of maintenance on the filter's flow rate and performance. Four concrete BSFs received three styles of maintenance: surface agitation (SA), stirring method (SM), and sand removal (SR). Effluent water was collected from the filter between 0–2 L effluent (0–2 L effluent) and between 15–20 L effluent (15 L+ effluent). After maintenance, effluent at 15 L+ (no pause time) showed a significant decrease in thermotolerant coliform removal rates by 0.66–0.91 log (SA), 0.57–0.67 log (SM) and 0.32–0.83 log (RM) (<0.001). Effluent water at 0–2 L (with pause time) did not significantly decrease in thermotolerant coliform removal rates (>0.17) for any maintenance method. The recovery duration after maintenance for all methods at 0–2 L effluent had a median recovery of <1.2 days. The effluent at 15 L+ had a longer recovery period (at least 3.9, 3.0 and 12.75 days for the SA, SM, and SR method, respectively). The flow rate recovery for SA (76%) and SM (82%) was lower compared to SR (138%).