bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validity and Reliability of the Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening and Associations With Common Concussion Screening Tools
Authors: Yorke Amy M. , Smith Laura , Babcock Mitch , Alsalaheen Bara
Published: November 2016

Background:

Sustaining a concussion commonly results in vestibular impairments that may be associated with balance deficits. To screen for vestibular impairments after a concussion, the Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) tool was developed. The relationship between the VOMS and other concussion screening tools, such as the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) and King-Devick (K-D), have not been explored.

Hypotheses:

(1) VOMS would provide reliable results and not provoke symptoms in healthy adolescents and (2) VOMS test items would measure related aspects of vestibular function that are not measured through the BESS or K-D.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional, descriptive.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Methods:

A total of 105 healthy adolescents (53 male, 52 female; mean age, 15.4 years) completed the VOMS, BESS, and K-D tests. A subsample of 21 adolescents (16 male, 5 female; mean age, 15.5 years) completed the VOMS twice.

Results:

The median total symptom score for all 7 VOMS items was 0 (0-5). The majority of the individual VOMS test items total symptom scores demonstrated a significant correlation with each other ( rs = 0.25-0.66, P < 0.02). The individual VOMS items did not demonstrate a significant relationship to the BESS or K-D. VOMS items demonstrated high agreement in total symptom scores between testing trials, with near point convergence (NPC) distance demonstrating an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.89-0.98; P < 0.001). The MDC95 (minimal detectable change with 95 confidence) for NPC distance was 4 cm.

Conclusion:

The VOMS did not provoke vestibular symptoms in healthy adolescents. The VOMS items measured unique aspects of vestibular function other than those measured by the BESS or K-D with good reliability.

Clinical Relevance:

Clinicians should consider implementing the VOMS as part of a comprehensive concussion assessment if vestibular impairment is suspected. If NPC distance is measured twice, a difference of >4 cm would be considered real change outside of measurement error.
Natural Type II Collagen Hydrogel, Fibrin Sealant, and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells as a Promising Combination for Articular Cartilage Repair
Authors: Lazarini Mariana , Bordeaux-Rego Pedro , Giardini-Rosa Renata , Duarte Adriana S. S. , Baratti Mariana Ozello , Zorzi Alessandro Rozim , de Miranda João Batista , Lenz Cesar Carlos , Luzo Ângela , Olalla Saad Sara Teresinha
Published: November 2016

Objective

Articular cartilage is an avascular tissue with limited ability of self-regeneration and the current clinical treatments have restricted capacity to restore damages induced by trauma or diseases. Therefore, new techniques are being tested for cartilage repair, using scaffolds and/or stem cells. Although type II collagen hydrogel, fibrin sealant, and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) represent suitable alternatives for cartilage formation, their combination has not yet been investigated in vivo for focal articular cartilage defects. We performed a simple experimental procedure using the combination of these 3 compounds on cartilage lesions of rabbit knees.

Design

The hydrogel was developed in house and was first tested in vitro for chondrogenic differentiation. Next, implants were performed in chondral defects with or without ASCs and the degree of regeneration was macroscopically and microscopically evaluated.

Results

Production of proteoglycans and the increased expression of collagen type II (COL2α1), aggrecan (ACAN), and sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9) confirmed the chondrogenic character of ASCs in the hydrogel in vitro. Importantly, the addition of ASC induced a higher overall repair of the chondral lesions and a better cellular organization and collagen fiber alignment compared with the same treatment without ASCs. This regenerating tissue also presented the expression of cartilage glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that the combination of the 3 compounds is effective for articular cartilage repair and may be of future clinical interest.
The Slopes Remain the Same: Reply to Wolfe (2016)
Authors: Kristjánsson Árni
Published: November 2016

Wolfe (2016) responds to my article (Kristjánsson, 2015), arguing among other things, that the differences in slope by response method in my data reflect speed accuracy trade-offs. But when reaction times and errors are combined in one score (inverse efficiency) to sidestep speed accuracy trade-offs, slope differences still remain. The problem that slopes, which are thought to measure search speed, differ by response type therefore remains.
How does the sociodemographic profile of the CEO affect a company’s market orientation? The case of Senegalese SMEs
Authors: Diao Maguette Teuw , Gotteland David , Boulé Jean-Marie
Published: November 2016

Why do some CEOs more than others influence the degree of market orientation of their business? According to upper echelons theory, a company’s degree of market orientation is likely to depend on the sociodemographic profile of the CEO. This article addresses two issues: (1) What are the sociodemographic characteristics of CEOs that influence the degree of market orientation of a company and what are their respective weights? (2) How do these characteristics exert their effects? From a sample of 188 CEOs of Senegalese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), we find that the CEO’s age and experience in the industry influences the degree of the company’s market orientation and that the effects of these characteristics are mediated by the cross-functional coordination level of the company.
Trust in China? The impact of development, inequality, and openness on political trust across China’s provinces, 2001–2012
Authors: Hutchison Marc L , Xu Ping
Published: November 2016

China has long represented a puzzle for scholars of democracy, who view political trust as an important indicator of regime legitimacy. Previous studies show that while democracies around the world experienced declining levels of political trust, the authoritarian Chinese government maintained unexpectedly high levels of trust. Using World Value Survey (WVS) data over a critical 12-year period (2001–2012) and multilevel modeling techniques, we explore both macro- and individual-level determinants of political trust in China. We find that province-level economic performance and individual-level income combine to influence political trust. Higher levels of individual-level income have a positive effect on trust in more developed provinces but an opposite effect in less developed provinces. Furthermore, individuals living in provinces with higher levels of inequality and openness tend to be less trusting of government. Our study offers critical insights not only for political trust in China but also the country’s political future.
Anatomic Correlation of Posterior Aortic Root Enlarging Incisions
Authors: Subhani Habib , Hossien Abdullrazak , Tran Vi , Cook Andrew , Abid Qamar , Saad Rasheed
Published: November 2016

Objectives:

To clarify the terms surrounding the posterior aortic root enlarging incisions and correlate them anatomically.

Methods:

This is a human cadaveric heart study in which measurements were taken along the path of the named incisions in 42 normal and congenitally malformed hearts using calipers.

Results:

Our results indicate that there is a variable overlap of the left atrial wall with the anterior mitral leaflet and the aorta and that in individual cases it may not be possible to accurately predict the possibility of enlarging the root without opening the left atrium, though some papers suggest otherwise.

Conclusion:

Names associated with incisions are best avoided. Rather they should be described anatomically. Incision between the noncoronary sinus of Valsalva and left coronary sinus of Valsalva may be the safest approach to enlarging the root.
Current Expectations for Cardiac Transplantation in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Kirklin James K. , Carlo Waldemar F. , Pearce F. Bennett
Published: November 2016

Congenital heart disease accounts for 40% of pediatric heart transplants and presents unique challenges to the transplant team. Suitability for transplantation is defined in part by degree of sensitization, pulmonary vascular resistance, and hepatic reserves. The incremental transplant risk for patients with congenital heart disease occurs within the first 3 months, after which survival is equivalent to transplantation for cardiomyopathy. Single ventricle with prior palliation, and especially the failing Fontan, carry the highest risk for transplantation and are least amenable to bridging with mechanical circulatory support. More effective bridging to transplant with mechanical circulatory support will require improvements in the adverse event profile of available pumps and the introduction of miniaturized continuous flow technology. The major barriers to routine long-term survival are chronic allograft failure and allograft vasculopathy. Despite these many challenges, continuing improvements in the care of pediatric heart transplant patients have pushed the median posttransplant survival past 15 years for children and to 20 years for infants.
Continuous Cardiopulmonary Bypass During the Repair of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
Authors: Parzen Jacob S. , Swartz Michael F. , Cholette Jill M. , Smith Frank , Gensini Francisco , Alfieris George M.
Published: November 2016

Circulatory arrest (CA) is traditionally utilized during the repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR). Since 2005, we have exclusively repaired all types of TAPVR using continuous cardiopulmonary bypass. We present our technique using continuous cardiopulmonary bypass throughout the duration of the repair, by temporarily occluding the vertical vein and placing a pump sucker within the pulmonary venous confluence. This technique has been used on 29 consecutive patients and resulted in limited morbidity and absence of pulmonary vein stenosis from most recent follow-up.
A Comparison of Perioperative Management of Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Coronary Artery Between an Adult and Pediatric Cardiac Center
Authors: Herrmann Jeremy L. , Goldberg Leah A. , Khan Abigail M. , Partington Sara L. , Brothers Julie A. , Mascio Christopher E. , Spray Thomas L. , Kim Yuli Y. , Fuller Stephanie
Published: November 2016

Background:

Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) presents in varying age-groups. Assuming management algorithms differ between pediatric and adult institutions, we compared the perioperative management of patients with AAOCA at two such centers.

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted at a pediatric and an adult institution of patients 14 years or older who underwent surgical repair of AAOCA between January 2000 and May 2014.

Results:

Twenty patients from the pediatric center (median age: 16.5 years, range: 14-18 years) and nine patients from the adult center (median age: 40 years, range: 37-52 years) were included. An anomalous aortic origin of a right coronary artery was the most frequent pathology at each institution. Chest pain was the most common presenting symptom at both institutions. Preoperative echocardiography was performed in 95% patients at the pediatric center and in 100% of patients at the adult center. Cardiac catheterization was utilized more frequently at the adult center, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging more commonly employed at the pediatric center. Isolated coronary unroofing was performed in 19 of 20 cases at the pediatric center and in only 2 (22%) cases at the adult institution, both by congenitally trained cardiac surgeons. More concomitant cardiac procedures were performed at the adult center with associated longer operative times and hospital stays.

Conclusion:

Management strategies for AAOCA vary depending on both patient-specific factors and expertise of the managing team. Further studies are needed to optimally standardize diagnostic and treatment pathways regardless of location venue.
Do Clinical Results and Return-to-Sport Rates After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Differ Based on Graft Choice and Surgical Technique?
Authors: Erickson Brandon J. , Cvetanovich Gregory L. , Frank Rachel M. , Bach Bernard R. , Cohen Mark S. , Bush-Joseph Charles A. , Cole Brian J. , Romeo Anthony A.
Published: November 2016

Background:

Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR) has become a common procedure performed in overhead-throwing athletes of many athletic levels.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to determine whether clinical outcomes and return-to-sport (RTS) rates differ among patients undergoing UCLR based on graft choice, surgical technique, athletic competition level, handedness, and treatment of the ulnar nerve. We hypothesized that no differences would exist in clinical outcomes or RTS rates between technique, graft choice, or other variables.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

All patients who underwent UCLR from January 1, 2004 through December 31, 2014 at a single institution were identified. Charts were reviewed to determine patient age, sex, date of surgery, sport played, handedness, athletic level, surgical technique, graft type, and complications. Patients were contacted via telephone to obtain the RTS rate, Conway-Jobe score, Timmerman-Andrews score, and Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) Shoulder and Elbow score.

Results:

Eighty-five patients (mean age at surgery, 19.3 ± 4.7 years; 92% male; 78% right hand–dominant) underwent UCLR between 2004 and 2014 and were available for follow-up. Overall, 87% were baseball pitchers, 49.4% were college athletes, and 41.2% were high school athletes. No significant difference existed between the docking and double-docking techniques, graft choice, handedness, sex, activity level, and treatment of the ulnar nerve with regard to clinical outcomes, RTS, or subsequent surgeries (all P > .05). More complications were seen in the docking technique compared with the double-docking technique ( P = .036). Hamstring autograft was used more commonly with the docking technique ( P = .023) while allograft was used more commonly with the double-docking technique ( P = .0006).

Conclusion:

Both the docking and double-docking techniques produce excellent clinical outcomes in patients undergoing UCLR. No difference in outcome scores was seen between surgical technique or graft type. The double-docking technique had fewer complications than the docking technique.
Dealing with multiplicity: Mughal administration in Braj Bhum under Aurangzeb (1659–1707)
Authors: Habib Irfan
Published: November 2016

The collection made up of sixteenth-, seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century documents, of both private and public nature, preserved by the Gosāins of the Chaitanya sect at Vrindavan, uniquely enables us to reconstruct some aspects of everyday life in Mughal-period Braj Bhøm. The paper attempts a narrative of the conduct of the local administration in Mathura and Vrindavan, mainly during the reign of Aurangzeb (1659–1707), in matters relating to civic life in the area.
In search of secular template: History writing in India in the first decade of the republic
Authors: Batabyal Rakesh
Published: November 2016

It is argued in this article that the attainment of Independence in 1947 raised a number of new questions in the minds of Indian historians shaped by the presence of problems that the new Indian state was faced with. These involved not only a debate between nationalist and communal historiography, but also brought into prominence the Marxist school in the 1950s. There were also the beginnings laid of a ‘collaborationist’ interpretation of colonialism, of the future Cambridge School. The wheel has turned full circle now, six decades later, with a struggle with communalism and chauvinism again on the historians’ agenda.
Turnstile Careers Between Academia and Practice
Authors: Green Lawrence W.
Published: November 2016

This reflection on the academic and practice careers—my own and some notable health promotion professors’—supports my suggestions about what makes good teaching and research faculty members in professional schools seeking to prepare next generations of practitioners for health education and health promotion careers. From the perspective of pedagogy in health promotion, the preparation of students for their roles in practice—in whatever blend of policy, planning, management, delivery, or evaluation of programs—should emanate, where possible, from field experience and reality-tested theoretical and evidence-based precepts. Just as usable evidence-based practices need to include practice-based evidence, so too must usable pedagogy for practitioners be built on periodic exposure and experience of instructors in contemporary practice. The concept of “turnstile careers” is introduced to address this need for periodic immersion of faculty in practice positions with responsibility for programs.
Flipping the Value Creation Model
Authors: Schultz Don
Published: November 2016

Technological innovation has enabled the reversing of the traditional marketer seeking customers through various forms of media and promotion to one where consumers are making their needs known to all via social media and other interactive forms. Thus, customers are now creating potential marketplace value which is there for the taking. This development, however, challenges marketers since they must now shift to being a marketer that can ‘read and respond’ to those demands. Marketers must now monitor consumer-developed interests/demands customers are creating. A new promotional planning model SIVA (Solutions, Information, Value and Access) has been introduced and explained to take advantage of that change.
DASP3: identification of protein sequences belonging to functionally relevant groups
Authors: Leuthaeuser Janelle B. , Morris John H. , Harper Angela F. , Ferrin Thomas E. , Babbitt Patricia C. , Fetrow Jacquelyn S.
Published: November 2016

Background

Development of automatable processes for clustering proteins into functionally relevant groups is a critical hurdle as an increasing number of sequences are deposited into databases. Experimental function determination is exceptionally time-consuming and can’t keep pace with the identification of protein sequences. A tool, DASP (Deacon Active Site Profiler), was previously developed to identify protein sequences with active site similarity to a query set. Development of two iterative, automatable methods for clustering proteins into functionally relevant groups exposed algorithmic limitations to DASP.

Results

The accuracy and efficiency of DASP was significantly improved through six algorithmic enhancements implemented in two stages: DASP2 and DASP3. Validation demonstrated DASP3 provides greater score separation between true positives and false positives than earlier versions. In addition, DASP3 shows similar performance to previous versions in clustering protein structures into isofunctional groups (validated against manual curation), but DASP3 gathers and clusters protein sequences into isofunctional groups more efficiently than DASP and DASP2.

Conclusions

DASP algorithmic enhancements resulted in improved efficiency and accuracy of identifying proteins that contain active site features similar to those of the query set. These enhancements provide incremental improvement in structure database searches and initial sequence database searches; however, the enhancements show significant improvement in iterative sequence searches, suggesting DASP3 is an appropriate tool for the iterative processes required for clustering proteins into isofunctional groups.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Regulatory effects of glycyrrhizae radix extract on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis
Authors: Jeon Yong-Deok , Bang Keuk-Soo , Shin Min-Kyoung , Lee Jong-Hyun , Chang Young-Nam , Jin Jong-Sik
Published: November 2016

Background

Glycyrrhizae Radix (GR) is a Korean traditional herb medicine that is widely-used in clinical health care. The clinical functions of GR include relief of toxicity, anti-cancer, regulating blood cholesterol and anti-inflammation. This study investigated the role of GR on ulcerative colitis in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of colitis.

Method

Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses were done on male BALB/c mice administered 5 % DSS during the experimental period. Ethanol extracts of GR were orally administered at same time daily to control mice. The severity of colitis was measured by body weight change and colon length.

Result

DSS-treated mice displayed weight loss and shortened colon length compared with control mice. Mice were administered GR showed less weight loss and longer colon length than the DSS-treated group. Inflammatory cytokines were decreased by GR treatment. Treatment also reduced DSS-induced microscopic damage to colon tissue. GR regulated the phosphorylation of transcription factors such as NF-κB p65 and IκB α.

Conclusions

GR has beneficial effects in a colitis model. GR might be a useful herb medicine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
Convex Duality with Transaction Costs
Authors: Dolinsky Yan , Soner H. Mete
Published: November 2016

Convex duality for two different super-replication problems in a continuous time financial market with proportional transaction cost is proved. In this market, static hedging in a finite number of options, in addition to usual dynamic hedging with the underlying stock, are allowed. The first one of the problems considered is the model-independent hedging that requires the super-replication to hold for every continuous path. In the second one the market model is given through a probability measure ℙ and the inequalities are understood the probability measure almost surely. The main result, using the convex duality, proves that the two super-replication problems have the same value provided that the probability measure satisfies the conditional full support property. Hence, the transaction costs prevents one from using the structure of a specific model to reduce the super-replication cost.
Development and implementation of non-medical practitioners in acute care
Authors: Abraham Jenny , Whiteman Becky , Coad Jane , Kneafsey Rosie
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this article is to discuss the evolving workforce required to deliver quality healthcare in NHS acute care settings within the UK. The development and implementation of non-medical practitioner (NMP) roles, such as advanced clinical practitioners, surgical care practitioners, surgical first assistants, physician associates and physician assistants in anaesthesia are discussed in relation to training, regulation, governance and evaluation in clinical practice.
Linked Forests: Semantic similarity of geographical concepts “forest”
Authors: Čerba Otakar , Jedlička Karel
Published: November 2016

Linked Data represents the new trend in geoinformatics and geomatics. It produces a structure of objects (in a form of concepts or terms) interconnected by object relations expressing a type of semantic relationships of various concepts. The research published in this article studies, if objects connected by above mentioned relations are more similar than objects representing the same phenomenon, but standing alone. The phenomenon “forest” and relevant geographical concepts were chosen as the domain of the research. The concepts similarity (Tanimoto coefficient as a specification of Tversky index) was computed on the basis of explicit information provided by thesauri containing particular concepts. Overall in the seven thesauri (AGROVOC, EuroVoc, GEMET, LusTRE/EARTh, NAL, OECD and STW) there was tested if the “forest” concept interconnected by the relation skos:exactMatch are more similar than other, not interlinked concepts. The results of the research are important for the sharing and combining of geographical data, information and knowledge. The proposed methodology can be reused to a comparison of other geographical concepts.
An S-type upper bound for the largest singular value of nonnegative rectangular tensors
Authors: Zhao Jianxing , Sang Caili
Published: November 2016

An S-type upper bound for the largest singular value of a nonnegative rectangular tensor is given by breaking N = {1, 2, … n} into disjoint subsets S and its complement. It is shown that the new upper bound is smaller than that provided by Yang and Yang (2011). Numerical examples are given to verify the theoretical results.
Activation of Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Promotes LTP Induction at Schaffer Collateral-CA1 Pyramidal Cell Synapses by Priming NMDA Receptors
Authors: Rosenberg Nadia , Gerber Urs , Ster Jeanne
Published: November 2016

It is well established that selective activation of group I metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors induces LTD of synaptic transmission at Schaffer collateral–CA1 synapses. In contrast, application of 1S,3R-ACPD, a mixed agonist at group I and group II mGlu receptors, induces LTP. Using whole-cell recordings from CA1 pyramidal cells and field recordings in the hippocampal CA1 region, we investigated the specific contribution of group II mGlu receptors to synaptic plasticity at Schaffer collateral–CA1 synapses in acute slices of adult mice. Pharmacological activation of group II mGlu receptors (mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors) with the specific agonist LY354740 in conjunction with electrical stimulation induced postsynaptic LTP. This form of plasticity requires coactivation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs). Group II mGlu receptor activation led to PKC-dependent phosphorylation of the GluN1 subunit. We found that both synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDARs, which are differentially modulated by mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors, contribute to LTP induction. Furthermore, LTP initiated by activation of group II mGlu receptors was not occluded by LTP induced with high-frequency trains of stimuli. However, the phosphorylation of NMDARs mediated by group II mGlu receptor activation led to a priming effect that enhanced subsequent high-frequency stimulation-induced LTP. These findings reveal a novel metaplastic mechanism through which group II mGlu receptors modulate synaptic function at the Schaffer collateral input to CA1 pyramidal cells, thereby lowering the threshold to induce plasticity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu II) receptors exert a well characterized action on presynaptic neuron terminals to modulate neurotransmitter release. Here, we show that these receptors also have postsynaptic effects in promoting the induction of synaptic plasticity. Using an electrophysiological approach including field and whole-cell patch recording in hippocampi from wild-type and transgenic mice, we show that activation of group II mGlu receptors enhances NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated currents through PKC-dependent phosphorylation. This priming of NMDARs lowers the threshold for the induction of LTP of synaptic transmission. These findings may also provide new insights into the mechanisms through which drugs targeting mGlu II receptors alleviate hypoglutamatergic conditions such as those occurring in certain brain disorders such as schizophrenia.
The Lateral Habenula Circuitry: Reward Processing and Cognitive Control
Authors: Baker Phillip M. , Jhou Thomas , Li Bo , Matsumoto Masayuki , Mizumori Sheri J.Y. , Stephenson-Jones Marcus , Vicentic Aleksandra
Published: November 2016

There has been a growing interest in understanding the role of the lateral habenula (LHb) in reward processing, affect regulation, and goal-directed behaviors. The LHb gets major inputs from the habenula-projecting globus pallidus and the mPFC, sending its efferents to the dopaminergic VTA and SNc, serotonergic dorsal raphe nuclei, and the GABAergic rostromedial tegmental nucleus. Recent studies have made advances in our understanding of the LHb circuit organization, yet the precise mechanisms of its involvement in complex behaviors are largely unknown. To begin to address this unresolved question, we present here emerging cross-species perspectives with a goal to provide a more refined understanding of the role of the LHb circuits in reward and cognition. We begin by highlighting recent findings from rodent experiments using optogenetics, electrophysiology, molecular, pharmacology, and tracing techniques that reveal diverse neural phenotypes in the LHb circuits that may underlie previously undescribed behavioral functions. We then discuss results from electrophysiological studies in macaques that suggest that the LHb cooperates with the anterior cingulate cortex to monitor action outcomes and signal behavioral adjustment. Finally, we provide an integrated summary of cross-species findings and discuss how further research on the connectivity, neural signaling, and physiology of the LHb circuits can deepen our understanding of the role of the LHb in normal and maladaptive behaviors associated with mental illnesses and drug abuse.
New Developments in Understanding the Complexity of Human Speech Production
Authors: Simonyan Kristina , Ackermann Hermann , Chang Edward F. , Greenlee Jeremy D.
Published: November 2016

Speech is one of the most unique features of human communication. Our ability to articulate our thoughts by means of speech production depends critically on the integrity of the motor cortex. Long thought to be a low-order brain region, exciting work in the past years is overturning this notion. Here, we highlight some of major experimental advances in speech motor control research and discuss the emerging findings about the complexity of speech motocortical organization and its large-scale networks. This review summarizes the talks presented at a symposium at the Annual Meeting of the Society of Neuroscience; it does not represent a comprehensive review of contemporary literature in the broader field of speech motor control.
The Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Regulation of Gene Expression in the Nervous System
Authors: Cholewa-Waclaw Justyna , Bird Adrian , von Schimmelmann Melanie , Schaefer Anne , Yu Huimei , Song Hongjun , Madabhushi Ram , Tsai Li-Huei
Published: November 2016

Neuroepigenetics is a newly emerging field in neurobiology that addresses the epigenetic mechanism of gene expression regulation in various postmitotic neurons, both over time and in response to environmental stimuli. In addition to its fundamental contribution to our understanding of basic neuronal physiology, alterations in these neuroepigenetic mechanisms have been recently linked to numerous neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders. This article provides a selective review of the role of DNA and histone modifications in neuronal signal-induced gene expression regulation, plasticity, and survival and how targeting these mechanisms could advance the development of future therapies. In addition, we discuss a recent discovery on how double-strand breaks of genomic DNA mediate the rapid induction of activity-dependent gene expression in neurons.
Ten Tweaks That Can Improve Your Teaching
Authors: Phelan Jay
Published: November 2016

Many recommendations for improving teaching are valid and important but may be prohibitively challenging for instructors. I describe 10 teaching techniques – “tweaks” – that are more easily implemented, and evidence of their value for increasing student engagement and learning: (1) Have a class outline visible at all times. (2) Use hand-written PowerPoint slides. (3) Help your students encode and review more complete notes. (4) Use in-class exercises that require commitment. (5) Incorporate “transfer” questions. (6) Focus on misconceptions. (7) Include photos that inspire and provoke. (8) Create the right test and teach to it. (9) Incorporate self-disclosure. (10) Reinforce the “take-home messages.”
ROL DE LA GOBERNACIÓN DE ANTIOQUIA EN LA ESTRATEGIA DE INTERNACIONALIZACIÓN DE LA CIUDAD DE MEDELLÍN, 2004-2011
Authors: Zapata-Cortés Olga Lucía
Published: November 2016

A partir de 2004 se formalizó un espacio de relaciones intergubernamentales en Antioquia denominado la Comisión Tripartita, compuesta por la Gobernación, la Alcaldía y el Área Metropolitana, la cual buscaba la internacionalización y posicionamiento estratégico de Antioquia, a través de la articulación de las agendas territoriales de estas tres instancias. En el marco de estos objetivos de internacionalización, la Alcaldía de Medellín, bajo la administración de Sergio Fajardo (2004-2007), configuró el Plan de Internacionalización de Medellín, que más tarde formalizaría Alonso Salazar (2008-2011) como la política integral de internacionalización de la ciudad. Aunque actualmente Medellín ha logrado con éxito su proceso de internacionalización, es necesario reconocer que en el mismo período la Gobernación de Antioquia ha implementado programas y proyectos para impulsar y apoyar este logro. La variedad de programas va desde dotación y mejoramiento de infraestructura vial, pasando por alianzas sectoriales orientadas a la competitividad y productividad hasta la dotación de infraestructura para la conectividad y telecomunicaciones.
La gouvernance par les nombres
Authors: Urteaga Eguzki
Published: November 2016

Alain Supiot acaba de publicar su último libro titulado La gouvernance par les nombres (La gobernanzapor los números) en la colección Poids et mesures du monde de la editorial Fayard. Es preciso recordar que este Doctor de Estado en Derecho ha sido sucesivamente Catedrático en las Universidades de Poitiers y Nantes, antes de ser elegido en 2012 Catedrático en el prestigioso Collège de France como titular de la Cátedra “Estado social y mundialización: análisis jurídico de las solidaridades”.
STATUS KESEHATAN IKAN SIDAT (Anguilla sp.) PADA PERAIRAN UMUM DAN WADAH PEMELIHARAAN SEMENTARA
Authors: Setyawan Agung Cahyo , Sukenda Sukenda , Nuryati Sri
Published: November 2016

Status kesehatan ikan sidat (Anguilla sp.) telah dianalisis untuk menunjukkan terjadinya penurunan stok karena infeksi patogen dan penangkapan benih berlebihan untuk budidaya. Di Indonesia, ketiadaan standar penangkapan, pemeliharaan dan budidaya menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi ikan sidat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi status kesehatan ikan sidat di perairan Indonesia dengan sampel dari Kabupaten Banyumas dan Cilacap, Jawa Tengah. Sampling dilakukan pada awal musim penghujan, yaitu bulan September hingga November 2012. Sebanyak 113 ekor ikan sidat ditangkap dan dianalisis dalam penelitian ini, dengan perincian 57 ekor diamati langsung setelah ditangkap dan 56 ekor diamati setelah dipelihara selama 10 hari oleh pengepul. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan metode observasi langsung menggunakan mikroskop untuk parasit, kit API 20NE (Biomeureux®) untuk bakteri dan pewarnaan standar haematoxylin-eosin untuk histopatologi. Terdapat empat jenis parasit (Nematoda: Camallanidae dan Anguillicoloides; Platyhelminthes: Monogenea dan Digenea) dan lima bakteri (Aeromonas hydrophylla, Pseudomonas luteola, Vibrio fluvialis, Aeromonas sobria, dan Aeromonas caviae) dari sampel ikan sidat dalam penelitian ini. Tidak terdapat perbedaan dalam komposisi patogen, namun terjadi perubahan dalam kondisi histopatologi sehingga pemeliharaan sementara oleh pengepul sebelum ikan sidat dibudidayakan memiliki potensi menurunkan kualitas benih untuk budidaya.
HERBAL MANGROVE SEBAGAI SUMBER ANTI BAKTERI Vibrio harveyi PENYEBAB PENYAKIT PADA UDANG WINDU Penaeus monodon
Authors: Muliani Muliani , Nurhidayah Nurhidayah , Kurniawan Koko
Published: November 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan herbal tanaman mangrove sebagai sumber antibakteri V. harveyi penyebab penyakit pada udang windu Penaeus monodon. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau (BPPBAP), Maros. Mangrove diambil dari lima lokasi yaitu: Kabupaten Maros, Pangkep, Luwu Timur, Takalar, dan Bone. Mangrove yang dikumpulkan diidentifikasi sebelum dikering-anginkan selama dua minggu. Setelah kering dibuat tepung dan diekstrak menggunakan pelarutorganik (metanol). Ekstrak metanol dari herbal mangrove diuji bioassay secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif untuk mengetahui aktivitas anti V. harveyi menggunakan metode mikrowell plate. Setelah itu, dilakukan uji tantang secara in vitro dengan V. harveyi pada konsentrasi yang berbeda dan selanjutnya dilakukan penentuan konsentrasi ambang bawah dan ambang atas yang mematikan terhadap larva udang windu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 88 sampel herbal mangrove yang dikumpulkan 58 (65,91%) sampel positif mengandung antibakteri V. harveyi, yang terdiri atas: 11 (18,96%) dari Maros, 16 (27,59%) dari Pangkep, 11 (18,96%) dari Luwu Timur, 4 (6,90%) dari Takalar, dan 16 (27,59%) dari Bone. Minimum Inhibition Concentration(MIC) terbaik ditunjukkan oleh lima jenis tanaman mangrove yaitu; Sonneratia lanceolata dengan nilai MIC 0,1 mg/L dan Sonneratia alba, Sonneratia caseolaris, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, serta Rhizophora mucronata dengan nilai MIC masing-masing 1 mg/L. Hasil uji tantang secara in vitro dengan V. harveyi menunjukkan bahwa S. alba dan S. caseolaris terbaik menghambat pertumbuhan V. harveyi. Konsentrasi 10.000 mg/L dari ekstrak metanol S. lanceolata, S. alba, S. caseolaris, serta B. gymnorrhiza sudah toksik bagi benur udang windu, dengan mortalitas mencapai 100% setelah 96 jam.
KERAGAMAN GENETIK POPULASI IKAN BERONANG ( Siganus guttatus ) DI SELAT MAKASSAR DAN TELUK BONE MENGGUNAKAN METODE RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD)
Authors: Lante Samuel , Tenriulo Andi , Parenrengi Andi , Rachmansyah Rachmansyah , Malina Asmi Citra
Published: November 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji keragaman genetik populasi ikan beronang di perairan Selat Makassar dan Teluk Bone dengan metode random amplified polimorphic DNA (RAPD). Sampel ikan beronang diperoleh dari tiga lokasi di perairan Selat Makassar (Polman, Barru, dan Takalar) dan satu lokasi di perairan Teluk Bone (Malili). Sebanyak 8 ekor ikan beronang dari tiap-tiap lokasi dipreservasi dengan larutan TNES urea buffer. Ekstraksi DNA genom dengan metode Phenol-Chloroform. Di antara tujuh screening primer, lima primer diseleksi untuk analisis RAPD. Keragaman genetik dianalisis menggunakan software TFPGA (Tools For Population Genetic Analysis). Kedekatan hubungan kekerabatan ditampilkan dalam dendrogram. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan beronang populasi Malili, Teluk Bone menghasilkan polimorfik tertinggi yaitu 63,24% dan terendah dari populasi Barru, Selat Makassar yakni 40,30%. Indeks similaritas tertinggi (0,83) diperoleh antara populasi Polman dan Barru, dan indeks similaritas terendah (0,65) antara populasi Barru dengan populasi Malili. Hubungan kekerabatan berdasarkan jarak genetik ikan beronang pada penelitian ini diperoleh dua kelompok utama yaitu populasi Selat Makassar dan Teluk Bone. Ketiga populasi ikan beronang asal perairan Selat Makassar merupakan satu kelompok dan terpisah dari ikan beronang populasi Malili, Teluk Bone.
PENGARUH FERMENTASI MENGGUNAKAN Trichoderma viride DAN Phanerochaete chrysosporium SERTA GABUNGAN KEDUANYA TERHADAP KOMPOSISI NUTRIEN TEPUNG JAGUNG SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PAKAN IKAN
Authors: Melati Irma , Mulyasari Mulyasari , Azwar Zafril Imran
Published: November 2016

Ketergantungan dunia akuakultur terhadap bungkil kedelai sangat besar. Dalam formulasi pakan ikan pemakaian bungkil kedelai bisa mencapai 30%. Padahal hampir sebagian besar bungkil kedelai masih mengandalkan impor sehingga harga pakan ikan mahal. Jagung berpotensi sebagai alternatif pengganti bungkil kedelai. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam pemanfaatannya sebagai bahan baku pakan adalah masih rendahnya nilai nutrien jagung dibandingkan bungkil kedelai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat pengaruh fermentasi menggunakan Trichoderma viride dan Phanerochaete chrysosporium serta gabungan keduanya (1:1) terhadap komposisi nutrien tepung jagung. Proses fermentasi dilakukan selama lima hari dengan dosis 10% (v/b) dan diinkubasi pada suhu ruang (30oC). Parameter yang diukur yaitu kadar nutrien tepung jagung meliputi kadar air, protein, lemak, abu serat kasar, dan BETN. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fermentasi menggunakan T. viride, P. chrysosporium, dan gabungan keduanya sangat mempengaruhi nilai nutrien tepung jagung yaitu peningkatan kadar protein (54,18%-131,45%); lemak (25,18%-228,58%); dan abu (1,61%-2,31%); serta penurunan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen (BETN). Peningkatan protein paling tinggi diperoleh pada tepung jagung yang difermentasi menggunakan gabungan T. viride dan Phanerochaete chrysosporium yaitu sebesar 131,45% (dari 7,25% menjadi 16,78%).
PERBAIKAN KUALITAS PAKAN DAN KINERJA PERTUMBUHAN IKAN NILA DENGAN PENAMBAHAN ENZIM PROTEASE BAKTERI PADA PAKAN FORMULASI
Authors: Kurniasih Titin , Utomo Nur Bambang Priyo , Azwar Zafril Imran , Mulyasari Mulyasari , Melati Irma
Published: November 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh pemberian enzim protease bakteri pada pakan formulasi terhadap kecernaan nutrien, efisiensi pakan, dan pertumbuhan ikan nila. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, yaitu pakan formulasi kontrol tanpa penambahan enzim (FK 28), pakan formulasi yang ditambah enzim protease yang diproduksi oleh bakteri Bacillus cereus (FBc), pakan formulasi yang diberi enzim protease yang diproduksi oleh bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis (FSe), pakan komersial berkadar protein 28% (KK 28), dan pakan komersial berkadar protein 31% (KK 31). Penelitian menggunakan ikan nila berukuran awal 4,07±0,25 g, dilakukan pada 15 buah akuarium berukuran 60 cm x 50 cm x 50 cm yang dilengkapi sistem resirkulasi selama enam puluh hari pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian enzim protease bakteri Bacillus cereus secara signifikan mampu meningkatkan efisiensi pakan dan pertumbuhan ikan nila dibandingkan dengan pakan kontrol. Kecernaan protein dan total pakan meningkat secara signifikan dengan adanya penambahan enzim protease bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Bacillus cereus. Penambahan enzim bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Bacillus cereus juga secara nyata meningkatkan retensi protein dan palatabilitas pakan formulasi. Sintasan tidak berbeda nyata di antara kelima perlakuan. Diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa enzim protease kedua bakteri tersebut efektif untuk meningkatkan kualitas pakan dan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan nila.
ESTIMASI HERITABILITAS DAN RESPONS SELEKSI IKAN NILA MERAH (Oreochromis spp.) PADA TAMBAK BERSALINITAS
Authors: Robisalmi Adam , Dewi Raden Roro Sri Pudji Sinarni
Published: November 2016

Salah satu jenis ikan nila yang memiliki potensi nilai ekonomis yang tinggi dan dapat dibudidayakan di air tawar maupun di air payau adalah ikan nila merah. Dalam rangka pengembangannya diperlukan upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas genetik di antaranya dengan cara seleksi. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui estimasi nilai heritabilitas dan respons seleksi populasi jantan dan betina F-0 ikan nila merah hasil seleksi. Pemijahan dilakukan secara full-sib dengan perbandingan jantan dan betina 1:1 dan menghasilkan 10 famili dari 50 famili yang dibentuk. Pembesaran benih dilakukan di tambak bersalinitas 30 ppt menggunakan waring berukuran 3 m x 5 m x 1,5 m dengan padat tebar 10 ekor/m2. Seleksi calon induk pada populasi jantan dan betina ikan nila merah dilakukan setelah mencapai bobot 200-300 g. Cut off seleksi ditentukan pada bobot berkisar 225-354 g (jantan) dan 201-258 g (betina). Parameter yang diamati meliputi koefisien keragaman panjang dan bobot, diferensial seleksi, estimasi nilai heritabilitas, dan respons seleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan koefisien keragaman karakter panjang pada populasi jantan berkisar dari 7,89%-11,18% dan bobot 21,22%-34,12% dengan diferensial seleksi 45,87-115,18 g; sedangkan populasi betina sebesar 6,08%-13,22% dan 16,39%-31,55%; serta 46,12-71,67 g. Hasil analisis estimasi nilai heritabilitas dalam arti luas) pada karakter bobot ikan nila merah jantan 0,47±0,19 dan betina 0,19±0,11. Adapun prediksi respons seleksi yang akan diperoleh adalah 33,06 g (jantan) dan 11,65 g (betina).
LAJU PENGOSONGAN ISI PERUT PADA IKAN KERAPU CANSIR (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus x Epinephelus corallicola) SEBAGAI INFORMASI AWAL DALAM PENENTUAN MANAJEMEN PEMBERIAN PAKAN
Authors: Kusumawati Daniar , Ismi Suko
Published: November 2016

Informasi mengenai laju pengosongan isi perut suatu jenis ikan sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan keefektifan dan keefisienan pemanfaatan pakan. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan uji untuk mengetahui lama pengosongan isi perut benih kerapu cansir yaitu hibrida dari kerapu macan (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) x kerapu pasir (Epinephelus corallicola) terhadap jenis pakan pelet. Benih kerapu cansir sejumlah 50 ekor dengan kisaran panjang 8,00 ± 0,76 cm terlebih dahulu dipuasakan selama 48 jam dan kemudian ikan diberi makan secara adlibitum. Ikan selanjutnya dibedah sejumlah lima ekor pada jam ke-0, 6, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 30, 35, dan 42. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan diketahui bahwa lama pengosongan isi perut berdasarkan persentase derajat kepenuhan isi perut per satuan waktu (ISC) pada ikan kerapu cansir ukuran 8,00 ± 0,76 cm terhadap jenis pakan pelet mencapai 28 jam dengan total laju kecepatan pengosongan lambung rata-rata terhadap penurunan persentase pakan sebesar 2,9%/jam. Berdasarkan lama pengosongan isi perutnya, ikan kerapu cansir cukup diberikan pakan pelet dengan frekuensi satu kali per hari.
Justicia nóstrica para la paz: desde la memoria hacia la utopía
Authors: Meza Salcedo Guillermo
Published: November 2016

El presente artículo es resultado del proyecto de investigación: Filosofía latinoamericana actual, en la línea de filosofías amerindias, el cual desde un análisis hermenéutico sobre cosmovisiones indígenas, especialmente en lo que se refiere a su pensamiento y administración de la justicia comunitaria, se hace un parangón con la vivencia de la justicia desde el derecho positivo. Se arguye que no es equivalente decir ‘uno de nosotros cometió un delito’ a decir june ja ke’nitiki jta’atik jmul -uno de nosotros cometimos el delito (idioma maya-tojolabal)-, pues si bien ambas frases se refieren al mismo acontecimiento, su vivencia es muy distinta. La mirada a esta ‘justicia nosótrica’ como un aporte para la paz, está enmarcada en el contexto de un mundo violento, injusto y desigual como el que vivimos, con un pasado que se ha invisibilizado y un futuro engañador.
La formación en ciudadanía en escenarios de educación inicial: una experiencia con madres comunitarias
Authors: Rodríguez Huesa Arly Adriana , Flórez Romero Rita , Gómez Muñoz Diana Paola
Published: November 2016

El presente artículo analiza la formación ciudadana que brindan las Madres Comunitarias de la ciudad de Bogotá a niños y niñas de la Primera Infancia. Para ello se organizaron grupos focales con 27 Madres Comunitarias que hacen parte del programa Técnico en Atención Integral a la Primera Infancia (A.I.P.I) del Servicio Nacional del SENA.  Se establecieron tres categorías para el análisis: Participación, Autonomía y Pensamiento Cuidante. Se realizó la visita al Hogar Comunitario Agrupado Domingo Savio de la localidad Santafé, y en este ejercicio emergieron tres nuevas categorías: Ciudadanía en las Madres Comunitarias, Juicio Moral y Resolución de conflictos, lo cual permitió ampliar el análisis. El estudio arroja entre sus resultados la importancia de concebir a los niños y niñas de la Primera Infancia como interlocutores válidos y comprenderlos como sujetos políticos. Además, se observó que las educadoras, desde su condición de género, aportan elementos para comprender la ciudadanía de los más pequeños, y que la formación que brinda el SENA ha tenido un impacto positivo en la resignificación de su ciudadanía, lo cual ha tenido una afectación en la orientación ciudadana que promueven.