bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A critique of legal measures of brand confusion
Authors: Mitchell Vincent‐Wayne , Kearney Íde
Published: January 2003

As the number of imitator brands has risen, so too have legal actions for trademark infringement and passing off, because of consumer confusion, unfair misappropriation of brand owners’ intellectual property, and lost sales revenue. However, recourse to the law is time‐consuming, expensive, and can be unpredictable because of the highly subjective and inconsistent ways in which brand confusion is measured and proven. The formulation of more standard measures of marketplace confusion would have significant time and cost advantages for market researchers and lawyers. Using data from key informant interviews with expert legal professionals, critiques the current measures of consumer confusion and shows that in UK law confusion must result in mistaken behavior and any measure of behavior must be taken in situ within shopping environments. Shows most important legal measures of confusion, namely, subjective judicial analysis and witness testimony, to be methodologically flawed. Discusses implications for manufacturers, brand owners and legal policy and practice.
The effect of market orientation on new product performance: a study among Singaporean firms
Authors: Ramaseshan B. , Caruana Albert , Soon Pang Loo
Published: January 2003

New products are critical to the long‐term growth and success of a firm. This paper investigates the relationship between market orientation and new product performance. Data are collected from Singaporean firms. Results show a strong positive relationship between market orientation and the overall performance of new products. Market orientation is also shown to have a strong positive effect on the market performance and project performance of new products. Managerial implications and limitations are discussed.
The role of consultancies in new product development
Authors: Howley Michael
Published: January 2003

In the new product development (NPD) literature, little attention has been paid to the use of external marketing consultancies in the process. This work describes a study, using both personal and telephone interviewing, of 50 British‐based consumer goods companies with a view to identifying the organisational structures they used for NPD. The study focused on the use of specialist NPD marketing consultancies in order to try and establish why successful companies regularly used such consultancies even though they already had their own marketing departments. It was found that the most common reason given for the use of consultancies was to bring in an objective view, from outside the company engaged in development, to work on NPD decisions. Even sophisticated companies found it valuable to employ consultants who could operate with detachment from day‐to‐day business issues and company politics.
How useful is peer‐produced multimedia teaching material?
Authors: Cronje Johannes C. , Joubert T.‐H.
Published: January 2003

This is a follow‐up study of a multimedia program developed as a student project by high school pupils. The initial study sought to determine what learners would gain from constructing multimedia programs for their peers. “Multimax” is a multimeter skills fixation simulation. The students who designed it acquired subject skills, multimedia authoring and teamwork skills that would benefit them in the context of lifelong learning. To investigate the usefulness of the product this follow‐up seeks to determine what the peers of the design team learnt when using the program. A formal, summative and dynamic evaluation of the program was designed and executed to determine its suitability for teaching multimeter skills to university engineering students. Both empirical and interpretive evaluation methods were used in a way to answer evaluation questions using both the quantitative and qualitative paradigms. It may be concluded that the objectives and outcomes of the learning opportunity are successfully reached. A number of content errors are a matter for concern, while the technical implementation requires a great deal of reconstruction.
Networked educational management: transforming educational management in a networked institute
Authors: Uys Philip
Published: January 2003

Transformation of academic, student and administrative management is a key element in the institutionalisation of Internet/intranet‐based (networked) education in higher education. The distributed nature of networked education demands distributed models of academic, student and administrative management. Some argue that networked education is essentially an alternative delivery mode and its management is thus no different from that of other modes. Others posit that networked education is a new educational paradigm and a response to the educational needs of the emerging information society, in the same way that the traditional class was a response to the educational needs of the industrial society. Management of networked education is therefore fundamentally different from conventional educational management and correlates with new forms of private enterprise management including management of the learning organization, the information‐based organisation and the networked organisation. Proposes a new form of higher educational management for the operations of networked education: networked educational management. Discusses the following dimensions of networked educational management: its distributed nature, managing convergence, its adaptability and transitory character.
Implementing campus‐wide voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) phone systems at small colleges
Authors: Allred Robert , Howa Greenwood Nichole , Ross Stephan
Published: January 2003

Describes a “best technology practice” project conducted at Westminster College, Salt Lake City, USA, in which a feasibility study was outlined in order to replace an outdated phone system with Voice‐over Internet Protocol (VoIP). Discusses the installation and implementation of the new system and their attendant problems, training for faculty, staff and students, budget satisfaction, benefits experienced and, finally, lessons learned, should a similar situation arise elsewhere.
Graduate archival education at Western Washington University
Authors: Jimerson Randall C.
Published: January 2003

As the archival profession seeks a wider role in the field of information science, the need to prepare students for careers in a rapidly changing world requires multidisciplinary education, greater emphasis on core archival knowledge, and fully articulated graduate programs combining structured course sequences with practical experience and sophisticated research projects. The Society of American Archivists is currently considering new “Guidelines for a graduate program in archival studies”. This case study of the graduate program in archives and records management at Western Washington University provides one example of the diverse offerings available for archival students. The six key aspects of the Western Washington University curriculum include: linking history and archives, integrating archives and records management, emphasizing information technology, incorporating management principles, including practical experience, and requiring research for a master’s thesis.
Building a national or international China bibliographic utility
Authors: Niu Jinfang
Published: January 2003

Today, Chinese libraries are in urgent need of a national bibliographic utility resembling the OCLC union catalog for cooperative cataloging and resource sharing. Three options are presently available for Chinese libraries: purchasing bibliographic records from the National Library of China (NLC), joining the China Academic Library and Information System (CALIS) Union Cataloguing Center, and contributing records to OCLC WorldCat. This paper analyzes the problems associated with each option. To implement the third option, Chinese catalogers will have to meet the three requirements set forth by OCLC: adding Pinyin, DDC (Dewey decimal classification) or LCC (Library of Congress classification), and LCSH (Library of Congress subject headings) or MeSH (National Library of Medicine subject headings) data to each contributed record. Impact and implementation are also discussed.
Data collection for user‐oriented library services: Wesleyan University Library’s experience
Authors: Cheng Rachel , Bischof Steve , Nathanson Alan J.
Published: January 2003

This article details the experience of Wesleyan University Library in Middletown, CT, in the collection, management and assessment of library usage statistics to improve current library collections and services and plan for future changes in light of rapid changes in technology. Topics discussed include index and database usage statistics, data from faculty and student surveys and how such data led to service changes, reference hours (including digital reference), electronic bibliographies, liaison programs, and journal circulation data. The conclusion offers several suggestions for other libraries who wish to begin a statistical measurement program.
The impact of interface usability on trust in Web retailers
Authors: Christine Roy Marie , Dewit Olivier , Aubert Benoit A.
Published: January 2003

Web retailing is expected to grow at aggressive rates in future years, but lack of trust on the part of potential customers can impede this growth. So, as transactions through the Internet develop and mature, success will largely be dependent on gaining and maintaining this trust. It has been suggested that the quality of the user interface of the Web site is a determinant of the initial establishment of trust. Describes a study where 66 subjects were asked to perform some predefined book purchasing task in a series of sites with varying interface quality. A strong relationship between interface quality and trust was found and some components of user interface quality were more important than others. Discusses the implications for Web site design.
Preliminary study of rapid prototype medical models
Authors: Sanghera Bal , Naique Satyajit , Papaharilaou Yannis , Amis Andrew
Published: January 2003

Rapid prototype models are directly integrated into non‐engineering applications such as medicine. Medical models are used to plan complex procedures prior to surgery with potential to optimise patient treatment in the operating theatre. This paper presents results following a 12 month National Health Service Executive research project to assess the feasibility of using rapid prototype medical models. A total of 16 medical models were created. Nine anatomical sites were reconstructed from patient data acquired from five London hospitals. The purpose of the models is described and the commissioning surgeons as part of a questionnaire assessed their usefulness. Future developments are discussed and conclusions about the use of medical models are made.
Recognizing new opportunities and innovations
Authors: Kickul Jill , Walters Joanna
Published: January 2003

The electronic marketplace will necessitate alternative entrepreneurship models. As more organizations enter the arena of electronic commerce, research is needed to examine how entrepreneurs effectively design and integrate new business models and practices in their organizations. The purpose of this paper was to examine the targeted role that organizational strategy has in assisting entrepreneurial firms identify and evaluate new opportunities and ideas for their businesses. We also investigate the role of the entrepreneur’s personality (e.g. proactive personality) in influencing how the entrepreneurial firm implements product/service innovations, builds an external business network, and cultivates employee relationships. Implications for the strategic management of innovation in emerging Internet entrepreneurial firms are discussed.
Rethinking the brand concept: new brand orientation
Authors: Simões Cláudia , Dibb Sally
Published: January 2003

Recent academic work has introduced a series of innovative concepts to the branding debate. In particular, the concept of brands that are embedded throughout the organisation has come to the fore. This paper uses a literature review and three mini‐case studies to explore the issues in the branding debate and to illustrate how brand management is changing in response to market and environmental changes.
“I’m not against it in theory …”: global and specific community policing attitudes
Authors: Schafer Joseph A.
Published: January 2003

Community policing has been the focus of considerable research attention and financial support in recent years. Despite extensive inquiry, there are still many unanswered issues surrounding this philosophy of policing. In addition, many studies of community policing have occurred in agencies which have specialized it as a program, rather than broadly generalizing it as a philosophy. This study seeks to overcome limitations in existing research by examining aspects of police attitudes toward community policing and testing the extent to which such attitudes are predicted by demographic and experiential variables. Data are drawn from a Midwestern police agency which was implementing generalized community policing. Results suggest that there is a distinction between global and specific perceptions, however different measures predict such attitudes. The implications of these findings for future research considering community policing attitudes among police officers are also discussed.
Identifying situational predictors of police shootings using multivariate analysis
Authors: White Michael D.
Published: January 2003

Prior research on the police decision to use deadly force has tended to neglect multivariate relationships, particularly at the situational level. This paper makes use of data describing deadly force incidents in Philadelphia during two time periods (1970‐1978 and 1987‐1992) and employs multivariate analyses to identify situational predictors of police shootings involving gun‐assaultive suspects. Findings from the multivariate analyses are then used in a pilot effort to develop predictive risk classifications of deadly force incidents. Identification of predictors of deadly force is helpful not only in assessing the relative contributions of situational variables but also in shaping our understanding of the behavior of line officers who are forced, by the nature of their work, to make split‐second decisions involving life and liberty with minimal guidance and support from the police department.
Fraud investigations: a case study in economic evaluation
Authors: McFadden Michael , Mwesigye Sue‐Ellen
Published: January 2003

Increasingly, public sector organisations, including police, are required to justify public expenditure through a variety of performance reporting regimes. This study explores the potential for applying economic evaluation techniques as a reporting tool, using fraud investigations by the Australian Federal Police as an example. It was estimated that over 1999‐2000 and 2000‐2001, fraud investigations resulted in a net present value of $A298 million and a return to the government of $A6.00 for every dollar invested. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the positive results were robust. Potential improvements to the methodology were noted. On the basis of this study, benefit cost analysis appears to be an additional promising tool for the measurement and monitoring of police performance.
Drunk driving: probability of detection and its perception
Authors: Löbmann Rebecca
Published: January 2003

The detection of drunk driving is an important task of police organizations. The impact of police work on drunk driving depends largely on drivers’ perceptions of the probability of detection. The present study explored the effects of different enforcement strategies on this perception. Participants (n=77) experienced different control strategies in a game and subsequently rated probability of detection. Degree of surveillance and efficiency of controls were varied. In the case of low detection probabilities, a substantial overestimation was found. Moreover, participants rated probability of detection higher when the same rate of detection was accomplished with few but efficient, compared to more but inefficient, controls. Assuming that a similar perception process is at work for drunk driving, the results suggest that increasing efficiency will have a greater impact on deterring drunk driving than increasing the frequency of controls. Consequences for police work are discussed.
Raising the age and education requirements for police officers
Authors: Kay Decker Lisa , Huckabee Robert G.
Published: January 2003

Police departments are slowly but steadily moving to increase the educational requirements for sworn officers. Additionally, some departments are beginning to consider raising the age requirements. This study examines the impact which raising the age and/or educational requirements could have on the selection of women and minority officers through a case study of the Indianapolis Police Department (IPD). Findings from an analysis of hiring practices in the IPD over a five year period are discussed, and the effects that raising the age and/or educational requirements would have on the traditional pool of successful applicants are described, with particular attention to the possible exclusionary effect on women and minorities.
Why workers are reluctant learners: the case of the Canadian pulp and paper industry
Authors: Bratton John A.
Published: January 2003

Explores worker flexibility, through learning, union strategies, and resistance to learning. Issues of flexibility, learning, and quality are subject of much debate, negotiation, and conflict in the Canadian pulp and paper industry. A key bargaining issue for management has been to harness flexibility among the manual craft workers, to improve labour productivity. Within this context, workplace learning is not neutral or independent of day‐to‐day union‐management relations: it is a contested issue. Learning new skills is viewed as a threat to job control and security and presents a paradox: learning new trade skills enhances individual workers’ flexibility and employability but collectively weakens the union through job losses. Data were collected from pulp mills in British Columbia between 1996 and 1999. Survey and qualitative data provides evidence that workers’ resistance to learning is part of the contested arena of productivity and job control.
The real‐time corporate university becomes a reality
Authors: Dealtry Richard
Published: January 2003

This article looks at the evolving character of the corporate university and the emergent nature of its real‐time development practices. It demonstrates how the capacity of some traditional management tool‐sets is being extended and combined with new learning process models to meet the ever present challenge of changing circumstances. It emphasises the growing importance of conceptualist thinking bridging strategic theory and real‐time learning practice in the role and responsibilities of corporate university faculty. It also engages with the need for a significant change in intellectual style from that employed in traditional educational paradigms and demonstrates the role of image simulations and the use of metamanagement thinking to accelerate the building of essential manager skills in the real‐time strategic learning transfer process.
SMARTVision: a knowledge‐management methodology
Authors: Rubenstein‐Montano Bonnie , Liebowitz Jay , Buchwalter Judah , McCaw Doug , Newman Butler , Rebeck Ken
Published: January 2003

A myriad of researchers have presented methodologies and frameworks for implementing knowledge‐management. However, frameworks do not provide sufficient detail for executing knowledge‐management initiatives, and existing methods do not adequately address all of the requirements for effective knowledge management. The field of knowledge management has been slow in formulating a universally accepted methodology. This paper reviews the status quo of knowledge‐management methodologies and presents a detailed, comprehensive methodology that addresses existing shortcomings. The presented method, SMARTVision, extends previous research on frameworks by taking a more micro‐view of knowledge management – a specific methodology.
The role of tacit and explicit knowledge in the workplace
Authors: Smith Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2003

Knowledge plays a key role in the information revolution. Major challenges are to select the “right” information from numerous sources and transform it into useful knowledge. Tacit knowledge based on common sense, and explicit knowledge based on academic accomplishment are both underutilized. Ways knowledge‐enabled organizations acquire, measure, teach, share and apply knowledge are discussed and illustrated. Methods to balance the use tacit and explicit knowledge at work and practical, proven ways to improve the understanding and use of knowledge are presented. Organizations must begin to create worker‐centered environments to encourage the open sharing and use of all forms of knowledge.
The intranet and the management of making and using skills
Authors: Ali Yakhlef
Published: January 2003

Most knowledge‐related initiatives underlying the much‐vaunted discourse on knowledge management tend to lionise recursive, using activities (i.e. documenting, sharing and measuring knowledge, etc.) at the expense of making and innovative using activities (such as inventing, innovating and designing). An over‐emphasis on recursive use of codified knowledge can stifle entrepreneurial creativity. In discussing the tension between making and using skills, the paper draws on case study material derived from a rapidly expanding firm where the implementation of the intranet is considered as a “creativity killer”, an infrastructure that supports recursive using activities. Employees remained faithful to their informal, social networks, referred to as “community of practice”, as the principal mode of sharing and developing knowledge. One of the main implications of the study is that firms that mainly rely on activities of making – a characteristic of firms that are in their initial and expanding phases – should put premium on a collaborative infrastructure that promotes making activities.
Guidelines for developing a k‐strategy
Authors: April Kurt A.
Published: January 2003

As companies start to engage with the knowledge economy, they have to shift their mindsets to understanding knowledge management more holistically and, more importantly, understand the role of knowledge management as it pertains to sustainable competitive advantage. It requires companies to think of age‐old concepts in new ways, and necessarily requires deep insight into the enablers of business success within the company, and then creative insight is required to reveal the new possibilities. This paper, drawing on resource‐based theory, provides some guidelines for companies to develop business strategies, critically dependent on knowledge management initiatives. A chain of sustainability is introduced and three insightful concepts are highlighted (complementary resource combinations, strategic architecture and pool of resources); however, they do not tell companies specifically what to do, but robustly explain what the requirements of a knowledge strategy are, if they want to attain, and sustain, competitive advantage.
Knowledge networks as part of an integrated knowledge management approach
Authors: Peña Iñaki
Published: January 2003

Immersed in a global industry consolidation process, corporate managers are witnessing, in recent years, the proliferation of inter‐organizational collaborative agreements, which aim to develop, manufacture and commercialize knowledge intensive products. The decision within a knowledge management (KM) framework to collaborate in knowledge sharing networks becomes a complicated issue, since such a decision needs to be made often under conditions of uncertainty and irreversibility. The present study deals with questions such as why, how, and when to be a member of a knowledge network and provides some empirical evidence about the formation of inter‐organizational networks in knowledge intensive industries.
Management of project knowledge and experiences
Authors: Disterer Georg
Published: January 2003

Modern organizations have to react fast and be flexible to innovative and interdisciplinary questions. Therefore organizing by projects is on a strong increase, because projects are accepted to be learning intensive organizational forms. But the boundaries between projects and the permanent organization are strong barriers for knowledge and experiences gained in projects. Knowledge management functions have to handle the knowledge and experiences from projects.
Knowledge management and process innovation: the knowledge transformation path in Samsung SDI
Authors: Jang Seungkwon , Hong Kilpyo , Woo Bock Gee , Kim Ilhwan
Published: January 2003

Explores the connection between knowledge management (KM) and process innovation (PI). Although these are popular themes in the literature on management innovation, there is not much discussions of these issues. On the one hand, KM has been treated as a managerial fad that is mainly focused on knowledge generation, dissemination, and utilization. Moreover, the advocates of KM seem to be concerned with building knowledge management systems (KMS). On the other hand, PI is regarded as an efficiency‐oriented process redesign and re‐engineering (or BPR), which seems to be nothing to do with KM. However, the case study of Samsung SDI shows that in the real world KM is deeply linked with PI. For illustrating the KM strategy of Samsung SDI, uses the term “PI‐based KM”. Sheds light on two points: the features of process knowledge can be studied in the sense that knowledge associated with process is dubbed “process knowledge”; and socio‐cultural features of KM should be illustrated in terms of knowledge transformation path in the information space.
Implementing a strategy successfully
Authors: De Feo Joseph A. , Janssen Alexander
Published: January 2003

This is the third in a series of articles on strategic deployment and identifies the necessary steps to take in deploying the process. Describes ten such steps for corporate strategy to become an integral part of an organization’s culture: establishing a vision; agreeing on a mission; developing key strategies; developing strategic goals; establishing values; communicating company policies; providing top management leadership; deploying goals, measuring progress with key performance indicators and finally, reviewing progress.
European quality challenges for the new millennium
Authors: Dale B.G.
Published: January 2003

This paper explores the quality challenges which need to be addressed through further research by the European academic research community in the twenty‐first century. They are also some of the issues which organisations aspiring to be “world class” need to address. The issues are examined under a three part categorisation of organisation, management and change; planning, introduction and sustaining total quality management (TQM); and systems, tools and techniques. The paper also argues that there is a need to think through how TQM research is carried out in order to address the issues aired in the paper.
Taking control of word of mouth marketing: the case of an entrepreneurial hotelier
Authors: Stokes David , Lomax Wendy
Published: January 2003

Marketing in entrepreneurial contexts, such as small business, relies heavily on word of mouth (WOM) recommendations for customer acquisition. However, we know little about how WOM processes work for small firms, or how owner‐managers can influence them. This case study of an entrepreneurial owner of an independent hotel is used to illustrate the problems associated with WOM, and potential strategies to overcome them. The owner‐manager researched existing hotel customers through face‐to‐face interviews and a questionnaire. The results confirmed the importance of WOM, but found two sets of dissonance. One was between input WOM types and sources, the other between output WOM content and targets. The owner‐manager improved the effectiveness of WOM communications through a variety of interventions, thus demonstrating that WOM can be an effective part of a marketing strategy for a small firm.
The role and relevance of marketing in SMEs: towards a new model
Authors: Simpson Mike , Taylor Nick
Published: January 2003

This paper presents a new model of the role and relevance of marketing in small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). The model was developed to explain the apparent mismatch between the need for marketing activities to sustain and grow these companies in a competitive business environment (i.e. relevance of marketing) and the actual marketing efforts used by these organisations (i.e. role played by marketing). The methodology used theoretical development and initial testing of the role and relevance model on a small number of SMEs. Primary data were collected via interviews, questionnaires and observations of the marketing activities of the organisations studied. This paper describes the role and relevance model in theory and shows how to apply the model in practice. The results of the initial tests using a carefully selected number of SMEs are discussed and form the basis of the illustrative case studies presented in this paper.
Incorporating the family dynamic into the entrepreneurship process
Authors: Craig Justin , Lindsay Noel J.
Published: January 2003

This research furthers our understanding of the interaction between the fields of entrepreneurship and family business. It presents a framework that introduces the family dynamic to Timmons’ driving forces model of entrepreneurship. The framework highlights the influence of the family in the entrepreneurship process and the importance of the fit among the three driving forces and the family. It highlights the importance of, and the pivotal roles played by, outside boards of directors when entrepreneurial activities are undertaken by family businesses. Using extracts from interviews with family and non‐family executives and board members, the research employs a single case study that describes an actual series of events to provide a practical application of the theory.
Benchmarking for information systems management using issues framework studies: content and methodology
Authors: Shi Nansi , Bennett David
Published: January 2003

As a means of benchmarking their position and assisting with anticipating an uncertain future, the identification of critical information systems (IS) management issues frameworks is becoming an increasingly important research task for both academics and industrialists. This paper provides a description and summary of previous work on identifying IS issues frameworks by reviewing 20 research investigations in terms of what they studied and how they were conducted. It also suggests some possible directions and methodologies for future research. The summary and suggestions for further work are applicable for issues framework research in the IS management field as well as in other business and management areas.
Development of an intelligent decision support system for benchmarking assessment of business partners
Authors: Lau H.C.W. , Lee W.B. , Lau Peter K.H.
Published: January 2003

In today’s competitive industrial environment, it is essential that companies are able to focus on their core activities and collaborate with business partners to achieve the common objective of meeting the best satisfaction of customer demands. However, selecting partners based on accumulated experience may not be effective due to subjective judgement and lack of systematic analysis. This paper attempts to propose a partners benchmarking assessment system (PBAS) which incorporates computational intelligence technologies into partners’ benchmarking process to support decision making. Evidence suggests that the undesirables occur in companies such as extensive delays in the planned schedule, serious quality problems and cost overruns are, to a certain extent, related to the unfulfilled promises of business partners. In this paper, the PBAS is designed to propose an alternative approach to benchmark the business partners based on case‐based reasoning and neural network. To validate the proposed system, a prototype has been developed and tested in an emulated industrial environment. The case example is outlined with analysis of the feasibility of this proposed system based on test results.
A model of characterization of the performance for a process of benchmarking
Authors: Maire Jean‐Luc
Published: January 2003

A process of benchmarking implies the use of a model of representation and evaluation of the performance allowing a comparison between firms, and from which a simulation of the effects of the potential actions for each one of these companies can then be carried out. The model that we propose provides a vision of the performance of each company on several successive levels of aggregation and associates various possible views with each one of these levels. The tool which we developed makes it possible to simulate the effects of an improvement action on the interdependent views of the representation. The analysis of the results generated by these various scenarios contributes then to the decision concerning the choice of the objectives of improvement and improvement action plans specific to each partner.
Enhancing information use to improve predictive performance in property markets
Authors: Wilson Patrick J. , Okunev John
Published: January 2003

Over the last decade or so there has been an increased interest in combining the forecasts from different models. Pooling the forecast outcomes from different models has been shown to improve out‐of‐sample forecast test statistics beyond any of the individual component techniques. The discussion and practice of forecast combination has revolved around the pooling of results from individual forecasting methodologies. A different approach to forecast combination is followed in this paper. A method is used in which negatively correlated forecasts are combined to see if this offers improved out‐of‐sample forecasting performance in property markets. This is compared with the outcome from both the original model and with benchmark naïve forecasts over three 12‐month out‐of‐sample periods. The study will look at securitised property in three international property markets – the USA, the UK and Australia.
Empirical evaluation of the value of waiting to invest
Authors: Foo Sing Tien , Patel Kanak
Published: January 2003

The lack of transaction data has been identified as one of the major obstacles for the empirical evaluation of real option. Quigg’s study in 1993 was one of the first to empirically estimate the premium for the option of waiting to develop using data from 2,700 land sales in Seattle. This study modified Quigg’s methodology and applied it to estimate the premium for the option of waiting to develop based on a sample of data from 2,286 property transactions in the UK collected over a 14‐year sample period from 1984 to 1997. Based on a one‐factor contingent claim valuation model, we found that the average premiums for the timing options were 28.78 percent for office sector, 25.75 percent for industrial sector and 16.06 percent for retail sector. We also tested the robustness of the theoretical‐based land value estimates in explaining the market‐based land values. The regression results showed a statistically significant relationship in logarithm form between the market‐based residual land value and the model‐based land values (with embedded timing option), with R2 of 0.75, 0.79 and 0.82 for office, industrial and the retail sectors respectively.
The future role of government in knowledge‐based economies
Authors: Hearn Greg , Rooney David
Published: January 2003

In this article, we draw together aspects of contemporary theories of knowledge (particularly organisational knowledge) and complexity theory to demonstrate how appropriate conceptual rigor enables both the role of government and the directions of policy development in knowledge‐based economies to be identified. Specifically we ask, what is the role of government in helping shape the knowledge society of the future? We argue that knowledge policy regimes must go beyond the modes of policy analysis currently used in innovation, information and technology policy because they are based in an industrial rather than post‐industrial analytical framework. We also argue that if we are to develop knowledge‐based economies, more encompassing images of the future than currently obtain in policy discourse are required. We therefore seek to stimulate and provoke an array of lines of thought about government and policy for such economies. Our objective is to focus on ideas more than argument and persuasion.
Basic conceptions and visions of the regional foresight system in Finland
Authors: Kaivo‐oja Jari , Marttinen Jouni , Varelius Jukka
Published: January 2003

This article provides basic conceptions and visions of the regional foresight system in Finland. It includes brief information concerning foresight activities and an up‐dated description of the current regional foresight system in Finland. In the 1990s there has been a “boom” of extensive foresight and futures studies. Among the most important development projects has been the regional foresight project of Employment and Economic Development Centres (TE‐Centre). This article describes how regional foresight activities have been developed in Finland and what kind of challenges there are in the field of the Finnish regional foresight.
What happened to Europe’s wireless advantage?
Authors: Steinbock Dan
Published: January 2003

In the 1990s, the Euro‐Nordic industry leaders in wireless communications enjoyed a period of explosive growth as the vision of the mobile Internet captured the market momentum. But the bursting of the Internet bubble, excessive 3G licence fees and the general industry downturn has dramatically affected Europe’s wireless future. This article examines the reasons for the success of Europe’s wireless communications in the 1990s, explains its vulnerabilities and draws lessons for the future.
East Asia in the Information Economy
Authors: Jerome Lim Jamus
Published: January 2003

The Information Economy has captured the imagination of all levels of society. Yet very often, analyses tend to reflect personal biases or propose incredulous scenarios. This essay does not seek to rewrite old rules for a new economy; rather, it seeks to provide a balanced perspective on opportunities and challenges facing East Asia, using a multidisciplinary approach. It finds that although these countries differ in their levels of development in the Information Economy, their prospects of growth depend on the policies that they choose to pursue. Deliberations on economic issues (such as the potential for productivity gains from ICT), political concerns (including the need to cope with changing government‐people dynamics), and social changes (such as the diminution of local cultures and the widening digital divide) often involve both costs as well as benefits. The optimal balance is likely to differ between countries, with no clear model answers.
Demonstrating impact through qualitative research
Authors: Usherwood Bob
Published: January 2003

The paper discusses the assessment of the value and impact of public libraries using social audit as a methodology. It seeks to demonstrate that qualitative assessments are often a more meaningful way of demonstrating the value and impact of a service and its achievement.
Successful students: does the library make a difference?
Authors: de Jager Karin
Published: January 2003

One of the most important products of the academic endeavour is students’ success in their courses of study. However, despite various attempts over the years, it has seldom been possible to demonstrate conclusively that undergraduate library use significantly contributes to student success. Four studies which document improvement in academic performance as outcome measures of library services are discussed. Research conducted at the University of Cape Town is reported, from which it emerges that students of the humanities who do well in their exams, tend to borrow more books from the library than poor students.
Using “Children’s Voting” in Japan to improve information literacy: children’s information use in learning activity
Authors: Masuda Kazuko
Published: January 2003

Children’s Voting is a unique and unusual learning experience in Japan. It may be used as a practical learning method in order to develop the information literacy of children through an election campaign in the real world. This study discusses information use by primary school pupils aged 11‐12 and makes some suggestions for further studies.
Web information seeking and retrieval in digital library contexts: towards an intelligent agent solution
Authors: Detlor Brian , Arsenault Clément
Published: January 2003

This paper discusses the role of intelligent agents in facilitating the seeking and retrieval of information in Web‐based library environments. An overview is presented on agents and their current application in library domains to produce a generic agent‐based model for libraries to follow. The model suggests that Web‐based information seeking and retrieval in library contexts could be enhanced through a collaborating network of interface and information agents. Recent research results offer insights on the design of interface agents to support Web‐based browsing and searching. These are applied to the model in terms of the functionality required to facilitate information seeking and retrieval behaviour across library collections. Implications on library policy and digital collections surrounding the use of agents are also discussed.
A knowledge‐based theory of the firm to guide in strategy formulation
Authors: Sveiby Karl‐Erik
Published: January 2003

This article is seeking to explore the practical implications of an epistemological approach to strategy formulation. In doing so it tries to expand the field of knowledge management and intellectual capital beyond its operational and often inwardly technological focus to a new theory of the firm. A resource‐based perspective is suggested, using autopoietic epistemology to guide strategy formulation. People use their capacity‐to‐act in order to create value in mainly two directions; by transferring and converting knowledge externally and internally to the organisation. The value grows each time a knowledge transfer or conversion takes place. The strategy formulation issues are concerned with how to utilise the leverage and how to avoid the blockages that prevent sharing and conversion. Activities that form the backbone of a knowledge‐based strategy are to be aimed at improving the capacity‐to‐act both inside and outside the organisation.
Managing orphan knowledge: current Australasian best practice
Authors: Caddy Ian , Guthrie James , Petty Richard
Published: January 2003

To date, managing intellectual capital has focussed on maximising possibilities to create knowledge, while minimising chances of losing knowledge. However, effective intellectual capital management should consider another dimension: orphan knowledge. Orphan knowledge relates to questions such as: Do organisations “unlearn” things or forget things and repeat past mistakes? Do some organisations unnecessarily duplicate equivalent activities within different areas of the organisation? If orphan knowledge exists, then organisations need to understand their potential for creating orphan knowledge. This paper defines orphan knowledge, and provides evidence of its potential by developing various scenarios and relating case‐study analysis from a sample of Australasian organisations. Indications are that even in organisations considered current “best practice” in managing intellectual capital, there is a medium to high potential for orphan knowledge to be created. Future research will determine whether different knowledge types, namely explicit versus tacit knowledge, have differing potentials for knowledge orphaning. Further research will consider the chief knowledge officer’s role in preventing and recovering organisation orphan knowledge.
Learning organisations: empirically investigating metaphors
Authors: Lennon Alexia , Wollin Andrew
Published: January 2003

When organisations succeed in developing and nurturing their organisational learning they create a form of intellectual capital that is difficult for competitors to imitate. Since learning enhances organisational ability to adapt and respond rapidly, it conveys competitive advantage on the organisation. Learning organisations are a special form of organisation where enhancing learning is a strategy to increase intellectual capital. Developing learning organisations has become an imperative for many managers, since an organisation’s learning methods and rate may be the only source of sustainable competitive advantage. However, learning organisation theory tends to be prescriptive and rhetorical, with empirical research still relatively new. This paper contributes to the literature by reporting case‐study research in progress based on four Australian organisations. In the organisations studied, use of the learning organisation metaphor was coupled with an emergent metaphor: organisation as “family”. By employing structure mapping of metaphor within analytical induction, both established methods but not combined before, we show how theory might be developed from metaphor.
Intellectual capital ROI: a causal map of human capital antecedents and consequents
Authors: Bontis Nick , Fitz‐enz Jac
Published: January 2003

This report describes the results of a ground‐breaking research study that measured the antecedents and consequents of effective human capital management. The research sample consisted of 76 senior executives from 25 companies in the financial services industry. The results of the study yielded a holistic causal map that integrated constructs from the fields of intellectual capital, knowledge management, human resources, organizational behaviour, information technology and accounting. The integration of both quantitative and qualitative measures in an overall conceptual model yielded several research implications. The resulting structural equation model allows participating organizations and researchers to gauge the effectiveness of an organization’s human capital capabilities. This will allow practitioners and researchers to more efficiently allocate resources with regard to human capital management. The potential outcomes of the study are limitless, since a program of consistent re‐evaluation can lead to the establishment of causal relationships between human capital management and economic and business results.
The impact of information technology and cultural differences on organizational behavior in the financial services industry
Authors: Andreou Andreas N. , Boone Larry W.
Published: January 2003

This paper discusses how IT impacts the job and individual characteristics of: autonomy, workload, organizational commitment, and perceived accomplishment‐achievement in two different cultures. Contrary to expectations, the results showed that there are no significant differences. When the samples were broken down into sub‐groups of system level and user type, there were significant differences on task identity levels. Further analysis showed that when system capabilities are matched with the appropriate user type and job functions, task identity levels are higher than with any other combination. Implications of the results for developing more interactional models in evaluating IT investments and facilitating effective learning environments are discussed.