bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osteopontin Promotes Trophoblast Invasion in the Smooth Muscle Cell-Endothelial Co-Culture At Least Via Targeting Integrin αvβ3
Authors: Ke Ru , Zheng Liting , Zhao Falan , Xia Junxia
Published: October 2020

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder, whereas the underlying mechanisms and etiological factors of this complication remain elusive. Studies have reported that decreased invasiveness of trophoblast cells, immunity disorder in the maternal–fetal interface, and oxidative stress may contribute to the development of preeclampsia. In the present study, we firstly co-cultured the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) to mimic the decidua and myometrium interface and examined the effects of osteopontin (OPN) on the invasive potential of trophoblasts in the SMC-EC co-culturing system. Our results showed that HTR-8/SVneo cells after hypoxia treatment showed enhanced invasive potential in the SMC-EC co-culturing system. OPN levels in the culture media from hypoxia-treated HTR-8/SVneo cells were significantly increased. More importantly, OPN treatment upregulated integrin, beta 3 and integrin, beta 5 expression in HTR-8/SVneo cells, and promoted HTR-8/SVneo cell invasion in the transwell invasion assay and SMC-EC co-culturing system. Mechanistically, treatment with integrin αvβ3 inhibitor significantly attenuated the enhanced invasive potential of HTR-8/SVneo cells treated with OPN in the SMC-EC co-culturing system. In conclusion, our study for the first time established the SMC-EC co-culturing system to examine the invasive potential of trophoblasts. Our results indicated that OPN promoted the invasive capacity of trophoblasts via at least targeting αvβ3 in the EC-SMC co-culturing system. Future studies were required to further validate the EC-SMC co-culturing system and to determine the molecular mechanisms of OPN-mediated trophoblast invasion.
Articulating urban change in Southern Europe: Gentrification, touristification and financialisation in Mouraria, Lisbon
Authors: Tulumello Simone , Allegretti Giovanni
Published: October 2020

The global or planetary reach of gentrification has become a mainstream in critical urban studies. Yet, the ‘travels’ of a concept originated in specific places and times have often brought about a loss of explanatory and strategic power. In this article, we argue that another concept, that of articulation developed by Laclau and Mouffe, is particularly adequate to help gentrification, touristification and financialisation to travel among places and levels of abstraction. In order to make this argument, we focus on Southern Europe, whose cities had long been considered scarcely gentrifiable and where, more recently, critical urban scholarship has made large use of gentrification, touristification and financialisation to explain the impacts of crisis, austerity and afterwards economic rebound driven by real estate and tourism. We explore from a multi-scalar perspective the trajectory of Mouraria, a historical neighbourhood in Lisbon – and particularly the dimensions of housing and local politics. We show how Mouraria, during the last decade, shifted from being a ‘deviant’ case – capable of taking advantage of neoliberal regeneration policies in order to keep its social diversity and most of its long-term residents – towards one ‘paradigmatic’ of urbanisation-as-accumulation and contentious urban politics. We explain this shift by focusing on its multi-scalar determinants, concluding that present urban change in many Southern European cities should be understood as the articulation of various processes, which include gentrification, touristification and financialisation.
A Critical Investigation of Consumer Response for Monetary and Non-monetary Promotions Across E-services
Authors: Sharma Ayushi , Wali O. P. , Joshi Rakesh Mohan
Published: October 2020

Monetary and non-monetary promotions are very evident in e-commerce. Consumer comes across them daily while making purchase decisions. This study brings in the perspective of how consumer leverages the two types of promotion when they choose to make their e-purchase. Study focuses on three service sectors (ordering food online, booking ride online and booking event tickets) and how consumer response differs across them for evaluating two categories of promotion. Consumer budget also plays an important role. It changes the consumer shopping orientation as well as the evaluation of promotion while making a purchase decision. Study also shows that gender play a significant role while evaluating monetary promotion; however, non-monetary promotions are no different for them. The findings of the study have implications for e-retailers to implement their promotional strategies more efficiently.
Health Expenditure and Economic Growth Nexus: Empirical Evidence from South Asian Countries
Authors: Sethi Narayan , Mohanty Saileja , Das Aurolipsa , Sahoo Malayaranjan
Published: October 2020

This study aims to empirically investigate the short-term and long-term effects of healthcare expenditure, institutional quality and domestic and foreign investments on the economic growth of South Asian countries during the period 1996–2018. The pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) and random effects models, Johansen–Fisher cointegration test and Granger causality test have been employed to assess the short-term and long-term relationships and the direction of causality among the variables. The cointegration tests indicate the existence of a long-term equilibrium among the variables. The results reveal that there runs a bidirectional causality from health expenditure to economic growth in the concerned countries in the short run. Further, institutional quality is seen to have a unidirectional effect on health expenditure. Therefore, the authorities of the South Asian nations are required to strengthen the accessibility to and affordability and accountability of the healthcare services being provided to their population.
Relevance and Quality of Textbooks Used in Primary Education in Tanzania: A Case of Social Studies Textbooks
Authors: Haulle Evaristo , Kabelege Eliud
Published: October 2020

Education is important for human development. It is a basic human right as articulated in the Constitution of United Republic of Tanzania of 1977. Since then, a series of reforms for improving access, quality and relevant education were adopted in the country. This study evaluates the relevance and quality of social science textbooks used in primary education. The study critically reviews primary education social sciences books. I argue that there were varieties of social studies textbooks and supplementary books used in primary education. These textbooks vary in terms of content, illustration, language and methodology. There is no harmony of content, while some textbooks had wrong contents altogether. Although teachers and learners benefited from using these textbooks, lack of content harmonisation deterred the effectiveness of achieving instructional and national objectives. The study recommends that a review and harmonisation of textbooks be undertaken, in order to attain the required national agenda.
The annual general meeting for Australian football clubs: An accountability and entertainment event
Authors: Halabi Abdel K
Published: October 2020

The Annual General Meetings (AGMs) of Australian Football Clubs in the 1890s were a community event. These AGMs fulfilled the role of accountability, and the dissemination of financial and non-financial information, and were intertwined with a theatrical function. The theatrical aspects of the meeting which included the stage, enthusiastic participants, eminent dignitaries, cheering, applause and audience engagement meant AGMs were also an exercise in entertainment. Through the narratives of newspapers, this article sheds new light on the interrelationships between the accountability and social roles of the AGM.
Under Pressure: The Effect of Antioxidants on Health Consequences Related to Oxidative Stress
Authors: Patel Pankaj C. , Wolfe Marcus T.
Published: October 2020

We examine the relationships between oxidative stress (i.e., manifestations of physiological stress), antioxidants, potentially negative health outcomes (i.e., triglyceride levels), and self-employment through two studies. Our results indicate that oxidative stress is associated with higher triglyceride levels and, as hypothesized, this relationship is mitigated in the presence of higher levels of antioxidants. Perhaps most interestingly, in both studies, we find that oxidative stress has a stronger positive relationship with triglyceride levels for individuals who are self-employed and have lower antioxidant levels relative to employed individuals. We discuss the implications of these findings on research regarding self-employment, stress, and well-being.
Where Does Value Lie in Peer Support? An Exploratory Discussion of the Theories and Methods Underpinning Effective Research in Peer Support
Authors: Walker Christine , Peterson Chris L
Published: October 2020

A literature review was undertaken in 2019 to review research into the effectiveness of peer support in chronic disease self-management. As with an earlier literature review, we found the results disappointing due to poor reporting and poor research design. Lack of information on training of peer supporters, unrealistically short timeframes to produce changes in health behaviors, and lack of any theoretical underpinning of the research design contributed to rating randomized controlled trials as poor to medium quality evidence. At the same time, systematic reviews consider peer support as effective, arguing that improved research design and evaluation would demonstrate this. This article discusses the need to examine more closely the contribution of peer support to chronic disease care as well as considering how research methods might more closely reflect that contribution and provide better evidence of the value of peer support to both participants and the health system.
Horses Preparing Superintendent Candidates for the Leadership Arena
Authors: Williams Heather P.
Published: October 2020

Background: This study considers the use of animal-assisted interventions (AAIs), specifically horses, in an educational setting, which has received minimal attention in the human–animal interaction research. Purpose: The study sought to understand perceptions of students in an educational leadership preparation program as they participated in equine assisted learning (EAL) activities. Methodology/Approach: Participants ( n = 66) were graduate students who completed an open-ended survey questionnaire in 2014 to 2018. In addition to the survey answers, the data included observation notes and course evaluations. Data were analyzed for themes and transfer. Findings/Conclusion: Evidence in understanding the impact of EAL activities. In addition, the study explores student perceptions of how they related the EAL experiences to not only their own traits and beliefs as leaders (self-awareness), but also in exploring their beliefs and biases about systems leadership in public education. Implications: The use of AAIs in educational programs may provide students a living, active metaphor for what they need to do in their own leadership lives, question boundaries, and gain a sense of self as a future system leader.
Quantification of Severity of Unilateral Coronal Synostosis
Authors: Kronig Sophia A. J. , Kronig Otto D. M. , Vrooman Henri A. , Veenland Jifke F. , Van Adrichem Léon N. A.
Published: October 2020

Objectives:

Severity of unilateral coronal synostosis (UCS) can vary. Quantification is important for treatment, expectations of treatment and natural outcome, and education of the patient and parents.

Design:

Retrospective study.

Setting:

Primary craniofacial center.

Patients, Participants:

Twenty-three preoperative patients with unilateral coronal craniosynostosis (age < 2 years).

Intervention:

Utrecht Cranial Shape Quantifier (UCSQ) was used to quantify severity using the variables: asymmetry ratio of frontal peak and ratio of frontal peak gradient.

Main Outcome Measures(s):

The UCSQ variables were combined and related to visual score using Pearson correlation coefficient; UCSQ and visual score were additionally compared to Di Rocco classification by one-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis test. All measurements were made on computed tomography scans.

Results:

Good correlation between UCSQ and visual score was found ( r = 0.67). No statistically significant differences were found between group means of UCSQ in the 3 categories of Di Rocco classification ( F 2,20 = 0.047; P > .05). Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant differences between group means of visual score in the 3 categories of Di Rocco classification (Kruskal-Wallis H (2) = 0.871; P > .05).

Conclusions:

Using UCSQ, we can quantify UCS according to severity using characteristics, it outperforms traditional methods and captures the whole skull shape. In future research, we can apply UCSQ to 3D-photogrammetry due to the utilization of external landmarks.
Direct Oral Anticoagulant Use in Chronic Kidney Disease and Dialysis Patients With Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review of Thrombosis and Bleeding Outcomes
Authors: Cheung Catherine Y. S. , Parikh Jash , Farrell Ashley , Lefebvre Melissa , Summa-Sorgini Claudia , Battistella Marisa
Published: October 2020

Objective:

To evaluate how treatment with DOACs for VTE affects thrombosis and bleeding outcomes compared to warfarin in CKD and dialysis patients.

Data Sources:

A literature search was conducted for studies evaluating VTE and bleeding outcomes with DOAC use in CKD and dialysis patients. Searches conducted through EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, from inception to September 22, 2020.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case series with ≥10 patients included.

Data Synthesis:

From 7286 studies, nine studies met inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference between DOACs (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban) and warfarin for reducing recurrent VTE and bleeding events in moderate CKD patients. The risk of overall major bleeding increased when the degree of kidney impairment increased. There was no significant difference between apixaban and warfarin for VTE outcomes in dialysis patients.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

There continues to be a controversial debate whether it may be more beneficial to use DOACs versus warfarin in CKD/dialysis patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE). The risk vs benefit of using DOACs in the CKD/ESKD population should continue to be evaluated for each individual patient.

Conclusion:

Apixaban may be used cautiously as an alternative in acute VTE treatment in severe CKD patients. Insufficient evidence is available to suggest the use of dabigatran and rivaroxaban in this patient population. The benefit of using DOACs in this population for VTE treatment should be weighed against the potential bleeding risk in patients with CKD.
Genesis and the Challenges of a 21st-Century Reading
Authors: Arnold Bill T.
Published: October 2020

What does Genesis 1-3 demand of 21st-century readers? The article focuses on the ancient Near Eastern location of the text, proposing that we ask only as much of the text as that location will allow. Relying on an older discussion of ancient thought as “empirico-logical” reasoning, as distinct from formal logic developed later by Greek philosophy, this article will explore the genre and worldview of Genesis as a means of establishing what is and is not reasonable in our reading of Adam in the opening chapters of Genesis. The article explores the implications of reading the text as an etiologically driven, mythopoeic account of an “historical” event.
“When You Take This Jump and Cross Racial Boundaries”: Parents’ Experiences of Raising Multiracial Children
Authors: Seto Atsuko , Becker Kent , Lau Jared
Published: October 2020

This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of eight parents of multiracial children. Primary themes emerged from the analysis include (a) fostering a child’s multiple heritages, (b) nurturing the whole person, (c) race-conscious parenting, (d) having open communication, (e) learning on the job, and (f) a multidimensional approach to self-care. The findings revealed that parents valued open communication with their children and made efforts to not only connect them with their racial and cultural roots but also raise their children to learn about people whose cultural and racial backgrounds differ from them. Additionally, parents practiced a variety of self-care strategies to cope with stressors related to parenting and attend to their well-being.
The Change Trend of Cause of Death in Patients With Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer After Surgery in US: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study Based on SEER Database
Authors: Peng Wan-da , Xie Jun , Zhang Xian , Li Chong
Published: October 2020

There are few studies on the cause of death in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer after surgery. Our aim is to study the trend of cause of death and risk factors affecting prognosis in the patients. We retrospectively reviewed patients in Surveillance, Epidemiology and End results database from 2004 to 2015. The change trend between cause of death and follow-up time was studied by calculating the proportion of cause of death at different periods and analyzing the cumulative risk. COX risk regression model was performed by univariate and multivariate analyses for survival analysis. Finally, 23,652 patients were enrolled. In the whole cohort, lung cancer accounted for 18.68% of deaths, followed by other causes (9.57%), heart disease (5.12%) and COPD (3.89%). With the increasing of follow-up time, the cumulative incidence of lung cancer was always the highest, but the growth rate in the late follow-up period was slower than that caused by heart disease and COPD. The proportion of death due to lung cancer decreased from 53.1%-73.1% in 0-30 months after follow-up to 7.8%-41.4% in 90 months after follow-up, while the proportion of deaths due to heart disease and COPD increased. Age was an independent risk factor for lung cancer-, heart disease- and COPD-specific survival, while lobectomy resection was a protective factor, even in patients older than 70 years old. In conclusion, during the follow-up period, lung cancer was still the main cause of death, but the proportion of patients died of heart disease and COPD increased gradually, especially in elderly. Furthermore, age was an important independent factor affecting prognosis, particularly for heart disease- and COPD-related mortality. The application of wedge resection in elderly patients needs further exploration.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants in the Treatment of Left Ventricular Thrombus: A Retrospective, Multicenter Study and Meta-Analysis of Existing Data
Authors: Cochran John M. , Jia Xiaoming , Kaczmarek Jessica , Staggers Kristen A. , Rifai Mahmoud Al , Hamzeh Ihab R. , Birnbaum Yochai
Published: October 2020

Aim:

To compare the safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) relative to vitamin K antagonists (VKA) for the treatment of left ventricular thrombus (LVT).

Methods:

This retrospective study enrolled patients diagnosed with LVT from 2014-2017. Patient characteristics and outcomes within 12 months of LVT diagnosis were recorded and analyzed. A meta-analysis was also performed by pooling our results with existing data in literature.

Results:

14 DOAC and 59 VKA patients were included. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were similar except for age. Although more strokes within 12 months occurred in VKA (15%) than in DOAC (0%) patients, this was not statistically significant ( P = 0.189). There were no significant differences in outcomes between patients on DOAC and VKA for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (7%, vs 3.4%, P = .477), LVT resolution (86% vs 76%, P = .499) or bleeding (14% vs 14%, P = 1) within 12 months. The meta-analysis included 6 studies (n = 408 for DOACs; n = 1207 for VKA). There were no significant differences between DOACs versus VKAs with respect to odds for unresolved thrombus (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.26,1.41), embolic events (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.90,1.69), embolic events and death (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.84,1.45) or bleeding events (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.74,1.72).

Conclusions:

Our study and meta-analysis suggest similar efficacy and safety of DOACs in the treatment of LVT compared to VKA. These findings underscore the need for a randomized controlled trial.
Hypothesis: Sex-Related Differences in ACE2 Activity May Contribute to Higher Mortality in Men Versus Women With COVID-19
Authors: Salah Husam M. , Mehta Jawahar L.
Published: October 2020

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) facilitates the cellular entry of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) disease. Recent reports have shown worse outcomes in men with COVID-19 infection compared to women. We review the hypothesis that sex-related differences in outcomes in COVID-19 are due to different activity of ACE2 between men and women. We also show that studies in humans have demonstrated no significant difference in serum ACE2 levels between healthy men and women. However, men with hypertension and heart failure typically have higher level of serum ACE2 activity compared to women. We hypothesize that the worse outcomes in men with COVID-19 compared to women is likely due to higher prevalence of hypertension and heart failure among men compared to women. To test this hypothesis, studies to compare the outcomes of COVID-19 infection between men and women with no preexisting heart diseases are needed.
Stars—They’re Sick Like Us! The Effects of a Celebrity Exemplar on COVID-19-Related Risk Cognitions, Emotions, and Preventative Behavioral Intentions
Authors: Cohen Elizabeth L.
Published: October 2020

Research on exemplification suggests that celebrity health exemplars can exert a greater influence on public risk perceptions than exemplars featuring noncelebrities. In the aftermath of actor Tom Hanks’s announcement that he tested positive for COVID-19, an online experiment compared the effects of his exemplar to an identical noncelebrity exemplar. Hanks’s disclosure increased perceptions of susceptibility to the virus. The celebrity exemplar also increased anxiety, which increased intentions to engage in preventive behavior. These findings suggest that the mere presence of celebrity might function as a cognitive and affective heuristic that guides risk-related assessment and decision making.
Can Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Reduce the Incidence of Venous Thrombosis in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Huang Dong , Wang Maoyun , Liang Zongan
Published: October 2020

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication for critically ill patients. Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) is recommended for patients with high risk of bleeding. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of IPC for thromboprophylaxis in critically ill patients. We searched PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies that evaluated IPC in critically ill patients. RevMan 5.3 software was used for the meta-analysis. A total of 10 studies were included. The IPC group significantly reduced the VTE incidence compared with no thromboprophylaxis group (risk ratio [RR]: 0.35, confidence interval [CI]: 0.18-0.68, P = .002) and the IPC group also showed lower VTE incidence than the graduated compression stockings (GCS) group (RR: 0.47, CI: 0.24-0.91, P = .03). There were no significant differences between using IPC and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for VTE incidence (RR: 1.26, CI: 0.72-2.22, P = .41), but LMWH showed significantly more bleeding events. Intermittent pneumatic compression as an adjunctive treatment did not further reduce VTE incidence (RR: 0.55, CI: 0.24-1.27, P = .16). Intermittent pneumatic compression can reduce the incidence of VTE for critically ill patients, which is better than GCS and similar to LMWH, but it has no significant advantage as an adjunct therapy for thromboprophylaxis.
The Use of Therapeutic-Dose Anticoagulation and Its Effect on Mortality in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wijaya Indra , Andhika Rizky , Huang Ian
Published: October 2020

The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) events in patients with COVID-19 treated with a standard thromboprophylaxis dose of anticoagulants remains high. We conducted a systematic review in order to explore the association between therapeutic-dose anticoagulation and its effect on mortality in patients with COVID-19. A systematic search was carried out using the electronic databases of PubMed, EuropePMC, and the Cochrane Central Database, using specific keywords. All articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the qualitative analysis. There were 8 observational studies included in the final qualitative analysis. Quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) showed a mean score of 7.5 ± 1.06, indicating moderate to high quality of the studies. Three retrospective cohort studies reported a reduction in the mortality rate, while 6 other studies showed no mortality benefits among patients with COVID-19 treated with therapeutic-dose anticoagulation. There was a slight tendency toward a reduction in the mortality rate among mechanically-ventilated patients with COVID-19 receiving therapeutic-dose anticoagulation. Bleeding events and thrombotic complications among patients receiving therapeutic-dose anticoagulation were reported in 3 studies. Although it is too soon to draw any conclusions, this systematic review draws attention to current evidence regarding the association between therapeutic-dose anticoagulation and its effect on mortality in patients with COVID-19.
COVID-19 and Hypercoagulability: A Review
Authors: Kichloo Asim , Dettloff Kirk , Aljadah Michael , Albosta Michael , Jamal Shakeel , Singh Jagmeet , Wani Farah , Kumar Akshay , Vallabhaneni Srilakshmi , Khan Muhammad Zia
Published: October 2020

Thrombotic complications of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are a concerning aspect of the disease, due to the high incidence in critically ill patients and poor clinical outcomes. COVID-19 predisposes patients to a hypercoagulable state, however, the pathophysiology behind the thrombotic complications seen in this disease is not well understood. Several mechanisms have been proposed and the pathogenesis likely involves a host immune response contributing to vascular endothelial cell injury, inflammation, activation of the coagulation cascade via tissue factor expression, and shutdown of fibrinolysis. Treatments targeting these pathways may need to be considered to improve clinical outcomes and decrease overall mortality due to thrombotic complications. In this review, we will discuss the proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms for thrombotic complications in COVID-19, as well as treatment strategies for these complications based on the current literature available.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Thromboembolism among Patients With Coronavirus Disease-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kefale Belayneh , Tegegne Gobezie T. , Degu Amsalu , Tadege Melaku , Tesfa Desalegn
Published: October 2020

Emerging evidence shows that the recent pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is characterized by coagulation activation and endothelial dysfunction. This increases the risk of morbidity, mortality and economic loss among COVID-19 patients. Therefore, there was an urgent need to investigate the extent and risk factors of thromboembolism among COVID-19 patients. English-language based databases (PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, and Cochrane library) were exhaustively searched to identify studies related to prevalence of thromboembolism among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A random-effects model was employed to estimate the pooled prevalence of thromboembolism. The pooled prevalence of thrombotic events was computed using STATA 16.0 software. Heterogeneity analysis was reported using I2. A total of 19 studies with 2,520 patients with COVID-19 were included. The pooled prevalence of thrombotic events of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was 33% (95% CI: 25-41%, I2 = 97.30%, p < 0.001) with a high degree of heterogeneity across studies. Elevated D-dimer hospitalized in the intensive care unit and being under mechanical ventilation were the most frequently associated factors for the development of thrombotic events. The pooled prevalence of thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients was 33%. The prevalence of thrombotic event is variables on the basis of study design and study centers. Several risk factors such as, elevated D-dimer, hospitalized in the intensive care unit and being under mechanical ventilation, were the most frequently reported risk factors identified. Therefore, healthcare professionals should consider these risk factors to optimally manage thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients.
Seismic performance of viscoelastically damped structures at different ambient temperatures
Authors: Dai Jun , Xu Zhao-Dong , Gai Pan-Pan , Yan Xiao
Published: October 2020

Experimental results show that mechanical behaviors of viscoelastic dampers are greatly affected by ambient temperature. Neglecting the ambient temperature effect will lead to an inaccurate seismic evaluation on viscoelastically damped structures. This study investigates the ambient temperature effect on the seismic performance of viscoelastically damped structures. An efficient algorithm is proposed to solve the seismic response of viscoelastically damped structures at different ambient temperatures based on the time–temperature correspondence. Numerical simulations of a ten-story viscoelastically damped steel frame under historical earthquakes are presented to illustrate the ambient temperature effect on the seismic performance. The results show that the natural frequency decreases with the increase in ambient temperature, whereas the damping ratio change with ambient temperature greatly depends on the viscoelastic damper properties. The seismic displacement reduction, in general, decreases with the increase in ambient temperature. The seismic acceleration reduction with ambient temperature is affected by the viscoelastic damper properties, structural parameters, and earthquakes together.
Pause and Forward: Body, Movement, and COVID
Authors: Li Wei
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic swept the world at the beginning of 2020. Countries launched into a state of emergency, involving lockdown and quarantine. When social distancing became the “new normal,” people were forced to stay in, working and communicating remotely at home. For many, an oppressive feeling of “being trapped” creates inertia, a strange lack of adequate energy to even move. Bodies no longer function in a social context. Participating in the Massive and Microscopic sense-making project (Markham & Harris) prompted me to engage in autoethnographic self-exploration of my own embodiment in relation to the pandemic, asking questions such as: How do we go about becoming reconnected again? How can we use movement and the body as a curriculum to learn and unlearn ourselves?
Massive and Microscopic: Autoethnographic Affects in the Time of COVID
Authors: Harris Anne , Holman Jones Stacy
Published: October 2020

This essay uses several of the prompts from the Massive::Microscopic experiment as a jumping off point for considering how affect theory and critical autoethnography offer us a framework for understanding, creating, and acting together in the time of COVID. Through stories of cloud-watching, mindfulness meditation, and other encounters with atmospheres and movements, we connect individual experiences of the pandemic to Buddhist understandings of a universal “we.” As a research practice committed to joining microscopic with macro lived experience, critical autoethnography offers a speculative method for collective reckoning with our infinitesimal selves in relation to the infinite of a pandemic.
Medication reconciliation in ambulatory oncology new patient clinics
Authors: Dobish Roxanne , Baumgarten Carol , Folkman Frances , Chambers Carole R
Published: October 2020

Medication Reconciliation (MedRec) is an essential part of safe medication management and plays a key role in ensuring patient safety. A variety of methods and a number of different healthcare disciplines can be involved in the MedRec process and the timing and location of conducting MedRec can vary. In an effort to streamline the process in ambulatory oncology new patient clinics, a pilot of an alternative approach was undertaken whereby pharmacists with advanced prescribing privileges completed MedRec with patients prior to their clinic visit. Evaluation of the pilot was completed through the collection of various metrics, a pharmacist focus group, healthcare staff and patient surveys. Overall the evaluation indicated that there are multiple factors to consider regarding the timing and method of MedRec completion. The various phases of the pilot demonstrated that flexibility to the process is key and ongoing efforts are required at reducing duplication.
A Delicate Dance: Ethical and Systemic Issues in Providing Community-Based Sex Offender Treatment
Authors: Walker Andrea M.
Published: October 2020

Sex offender treatment providers are ethically responsible for their client’s treatment; yet they are morally bound to protect society. Those who treat court-mandated clients are required to violate client confidentiality and report to authorities any disclosures made by clients during the treatment process. Using in-depth interviews ( n = 22), this study focused on the perceptions of community-based sex offender treatment providers to explore ethical issues stemming from balancing a duty of care to the client with the mandated reporting requirements of the criminal justice system, and the difficulties of working within two bureaucratic systems (i.e., correctional and health systems). Results are discussed, followed by study limitations, suggestions for future research, and policy recommendations.
Elastic and elasto-plastic analysis of Ti6Al4V micro-lattice structures under compressive loads
Authors: Athanker Prashant , Singh Amit Kumar
Published: October 2020

This article aims to study the modeling and simulation of Ti6Al4V micro-lattice structures under the same compressive loads. Initially, five distinct unit cell topologies (Grid, X, Star, Cross, and Tesseract) were used to design lattice structures. For the modeling of these lattice structures, both three-dimensional wireframe and solid (homogeneous and heterogeneous gradient) meshing were employed. However, the geometric design parameters, such as strut length, strut diameter, and, in particular its configuration (5 × 5 × 5 array), have been assessed as the same for all types of lattice structures. Here, the finite element (FE) modeling approach is used to evaluate the elastic and elasto-plastic behaviors of these structures due to subjected uniaxial compressive loading. The FE results have been validated in previously reported experimental data and have been well comprehended. The static linear and nonlinear FE method formulations are based on the Timoshenko beam theory and Johnson–Cook damaged model, which describe the elasto-plastic behavior. The FE simulations results (linear and nonlinear) were studied and it was shown that Star lattice structure has high stiffness value at low porosity, compared to the other lattice structures. Hence, to further determine the optimum variables (strut diameter – Sd and pore size – PS) for the Star unit cell-based lattice structures, the Taguchi-based optimization technique with L9 orthogonal array was used. In addition, a linear regression model was developed to estimate the maximum initial yield stress for the optimum variables. Finally, the same configuration of Star lattice structures was designed by the heterogeneous solid gradient mesh approach with two swapping conditions, ‘A’ and ‘B.’ These models were employed to perform linear static FE simulations. Therefore, the swapping condition and the type of gradient-based lattice structures, possessing high and low compressive stresses, were identified.
Compatibility conditions of continua using Riemann–Cartan geometry
Authors: Böhmer Christian G , Lee Yongjo
Published: October 2020

The compatibility conditions for generalised continua are studied in the framework of differential geometry, in particular Riemann–Cartan geometry. We show that Vallée’s compatibility condition in linear elasticity theory is equivalent to the vanishing of the three-dimensional Einstein tensor. Moreover, we show that the compatibility condition satisfied by Nye’s tensor also arises from the three-dimensional Einstein tensor, which appears to play a pivotal role in continuum mechanics not mentioned before. We discuss further compatibility conditions that can be obtained using our geometrical approach and apply it to the microcontinuum theories.
Modeling the dynamic bending of rigid-plastic fiber-reinforced laminated curvilinear doubly connected thin plates with free outer contour
Authors: Romanova Tatiana Pavlovna
Published: October 2020

A theoretical model of the dynamic bending of rigid-plastic hybrid composite, arbitrary curvilinear doubly connected thin plates is developed. Inner contour of the plate is simply supported or clamped and outer one is free. The plates are on a viscous basis and under the action of uniformly distributed loads of explosive type. The plates are laminated and fibrous, with layers arranged symmetrically with respect to the middle surface. In each layer the reinforcing fibers, made of different materials, are located in directions parallel or normal to inner contour of plate. The structural model of the reinforced layer considering the plane stress state in fibers is used. The equations of the dynamic deformation of plate and simple analytical formula for the limit load are obtained. Numerical examples are given for a fiber-reinforced four-layered curvilinear plate with a supported hole in the form of ellipse and super-ellipse at the same total amount of reinforcement.
Local gradient Bernoulli–Euler beam model for dielectrics: effect of local mass displacement on coupled fields
Authors: Hrytsyna Olha
Published: October 2020

The size-dependent behaviour of a Bernoulli–Euler nanobeam based on the local gradient theory of dielectrics is investigated. By using the variational principle, the linear stationary governing equations of the local gradient beam model and corresponding boundary conditions are derived. In this set of equations the coupling between the strain, the electric field and the local mass displacement is taken into account. Within the presented theory, the process of local mass displacement is associated with the non-diffusive and non-convective mass flux related to the changes in the material microstructure. The solution to the static problem of an elastic cantilever piezoelectric beam subjected to end-point loading is used to investigate the effect of the local mass displacement on the coupled electromechanical fields. The obtained solution is compared to the corresponding ones provided by the classical theory and strain gradient theory. It is shown that the beam deflection predicted by the local gradient theory is smaller than that by the classical Bernoulli–Euler beam theory when the beam thickness is comparable to the material length-scale parameter. The obtained results also indicate that the piezoelectricity has a significant influence on the electromechanical response in a dielectric nanobeam. The presented mathematical model of the dielectric beam may be useful for the study of electromechanical coupling in small-scale piezoelectric structures.
Electric features of dislocations and electric force between dislocations
Authors: Huang Yuanjie
Published: October 2020

Dislocations and dislocation dynamics are the cores of material plasticity. In this work, the electric features of dislocations were investigated theoretically. An intrinsic electric field around a single dislocation was revealed. In addition to the well-known Peach–Koehler force, it was established that an important intrinsic electric force exists between dislocations, which is uncovered here for the first time and has been neglected since the discovery of dislocations. The electric forces may be large and sometimes could exceed the Peach–Koehler force for metals and some dielectric materials with large dielectric constant. Therefore, the electric force is anticipated to play a vital role in dislocation dynamics and material plasticity. Moreover, an external electric field could exert an electric force on dislocations and a threshold electric field was subsequently discovered above which this force enables dislocations to glide. Interestingly, it was found that some dislocations move in one direction, but others move in reverse in an identical electric field, which is in agreement with experimental observations. Despite dislocation motion under an electric field, to one’s surprise, both edge and screw dislocations do not carry net charges by themselves, which may tackle the long-standing puzzle on the charges of dislocations. These findings may supply people with new fundamental knowledge on dislocations as well as dislocation dynamics, and may assist people in understanding related phenomena.
Testing the Effects of Hookah Tobacco Social Media Risk Communication Messages Among Young Adults
Authors: Johnson Andrea C. , Mays Darren
Published: October 2020

Background

Hookah tobacco is commonly used among young adults, and use is driven in part by widespread misperceptions about risks. Social media use, particularly Instagram, is prominent in this population and exposure to commercial and user-generated content promoting hookah commonly occurs.

Aims

This study tested the effects of hookah tobacco risk messaging for delivery via Instagram as a strategy to offset exposure to content promoting hookah use among young adults.

Method

Young adult hookah smokers were recruited online for a 2 × 3 between-subjects experiment ( n = 601). Participants completed preexposure measures and were randomized to view hookah tobacco Instagram ads (commercial or user generated) with risk messages (none, risk education, or graphic risk). Stimuli were presented as a simulated Instagram feed. After viewing the stimuli, participants completed postexposure outcome measures.

Results

There was a statistically significant main effect of risk message type but no significant main effect of Instagram ad type or risk message type by ad type interactions. Exposure to the graphic risk and risk education messages were associated with lower intentions to engage with hookah tobacco ads on Instagram. Graphic risk and risk education messages produced greater negative emotional response and the graphic messages increased motivation to quit compared with Instagram ads alone.

Discussion

Findings provide preliminary evidence that hookah tobacco risk messages delivered via Instagram can offset the influence of content promoting the use of hookah tobacco.

Conclusion

This study represents an example of risk message testing and the results suggest the messages warrant further testing via social media delivery.
Looking Back and Moving Forward: SOPHE’s 70 Years of Contributions to Health Education
Authors: Alber Julia M. , Allegrante John P. , Auld M. Elaine , Breny Jean
Published: October 2020

Founded in 1950, the Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE) provides leadership to the health education profession and promotes the health of all people through six strategic commitments: developing and promoting standards for professional preparation and credentialing of community and school health educators; stimulating research on the theory, practice, and teaching of health education; supporting elimination of health disparities and the achievement of health equity; providing continuing education of the health education workforce; advocating for policy and legislation affecting public health and health promotion; and supporting a network of local chapters. This article describes how SOPHE has pursued these strategic commitments during the past 70 years and discusses challenges that will influence the future of SOPHE and the contours of the research and practice agendas of the field going forward.
Marginal Income Tax Rates, Economic Growth, and Primary Fiscal Deficits
Authors: Keinsley Andrew , Wu Shu
Published: October 2020

Economic theory suggests that variations in marginal tax rates are more important for consumption and investment decisions than the average rates commonly studied. This article analyzes the aggregate implications of the statutory tax code, using a new times series on annual marginal tax rates, which decomposes the federal income tax code into its “level” and “progressive” (or spread) components. Robust results from a vector autoregression model show that increasing the spread of the marginal income tax rates has a positive impact on private spending growth, leading to an indirect, negative impact on the primary deficit ratio. Contrary to the political narrative, our findings suggest that the general level of these tax rates does not significantly impact growth rates or the primary deficit ratio.
Labor Supply, Taxation, and the Use of Tax Revenues: A Real-Effort Experiment in Canada, France, and Germany
Authors: Keser Claudia , Masclet David , Montmarquette Claude
Published: October 2020

We experimentally investigated three variants of a real-effort game with taxation that differed in the degree of redistribution of tax revenue. Concretely, we compared a Leviathan scenario, where no tax is redistributed, with a situation where tax revenues are used to finance a public good involving neither a direct nor immediate monetary transfer to participants and with a scenario where direct transfer payments are made to each participant. Our results confirm previous findings of a nonlinear decreasing relationship between tax rate and work effort. We found that, for tax rates above 50 percent, the level of effort was highest under direct redistribution, followed by the public-good scenario, and by the Leviathan case. Conducting the experiment in Canada, France, and Germany, we observed average effort (and thus tax revenues) to be higher in France than in Canada and Germany.
Complications associated with a flash glucose monitoring system in diabetic cats
Authors: Shoelson Adam M , Mahony Orla M , Pavlick Michelle
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Glucose monitoring is an integral part of diabetes management. Interstitial glucose monitoring systems are increasingly commonly being used for this purpose in dogs and cats, including the use of a flash glucose monitoring system (FGMS). The aim of this study was to describe the incidence and nature of complications associated with the use of an FGMS in diabetic cats.

Methods

The medical records of all cats that had placement of a 14-day FGMS during a 1-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Data retrieved included the number of days the sensor remained attached and functional, location of sensor placement and complications associated with the sensor. Complications were defined as early sensor detachment, sensor failure prior to the end of the 14-day monitoring period and dermatologic changes at the sensor site. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the data.

Results

Twenty cats had a total of 33 FGMSs placed. The majority (30/33 [91%]) of sensors were placed over the dorsolateral aspect of the thorax just caudal to the scapula. Twenty (61%) FGMSs remained attached and functional for the full 14 days. The overall incidence of complications associated with FGMS use was 10/33 (30%). The most frequent complication was early sensor detachment (n = 5/33 [15%]). Mild dermatologic changes (erythema, crusts) were noted with 4/33 (12%) FGMSs. More serious complications (skin erosions, abscess formation) were noted with 2/33 (6%) FGMSs.

Conclusions and relevance

The use of the FGMS is relatively safe in cats, although there are potential complications that owners should be made aware of.