bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of 3-mercapto-1-propane sulfonate sulfonic acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone on the growth of cobalt pillar by electrodeposition
Authors: Ni Xiuren , Wang Chong , Su Yuanzhang , Luo Yuyao , Ye Yilin , Su Xinhong , He Wei , Wang Shouxu , Hong Yan , Chen Yuanming , Zhou Guoyun , Liu Bingyun
Published: March 2022

Cobalt is a promising material for electronic interconnections in the post-Moore law period. However, the vertical cobalt pillar is not fully compatible with the current electroplating-involved manufacturing process due to hydrogen evolution at the cathode and poor throwing power of the products. In this article, electrodeposition with multiple organic additives was employed to realize the fabrication of cobalt pillars. Electrochemical measurements were used to investigate the depolarization of 3-mercapto-1-propane sulfonate sulfonic acid (MPS) and the polarization of the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) during cobalt electrodeposition. Notably, the competitive adsorption between MPS and PVP was verified and discussed in cobalt electrodeposition. In order to understand the adsorption and functional groups of the additives, quantum chemical calculations were performed to simulate the distribution of electrostatic potential and molecular orbital energy of the additives. Accordingly, the thiol group of MPS and the amide group of PVP were speculated to be the molecular adsorption sites in cobalt electrodeposition. The mechanism including three stages was proposed for cobalt pillar electrodeposition in solution with MPS and PVP. The electrodeposition of practical cobalt pillars with a depth of 50 µm and diameters of 60, 80, and 100 µm was successfully achieved by electroplating experiments, thereby promoting the application of metal cobalt for electronic packaging.
Progress in the field of hydrotropy: mechanism, applications and green concepts
Authors: Patel Akash D. , Desai Meghal A.
Published: March 2022

Sustainability and greenness are the concepts of growing interest in the area of research as well as industries. One of the frequently encountered challenges faced in research and industrial fields is the solubility of the hydrophobic compound. Conventionally organic solvents are used in various applications; however, their contribution to environmental pollution, the huge energy requirement for separation and higher consumption lead to unsustainable practice. We require solvents that curtail the usage of hazardous material, increase the competency of mass and energy and embrace the concept of recyclability or renewability. Hydrotropy is one of the approaches for fulfilling these requirements. The phenomenon of solubilizing hydrophobic compound using hydrotrope is termed hydrotropy. Researchers of various fields are attracted to hydrotropy due to its unique physicochemical properties. In this review article, fundamentals about hydrotropes and various mechanisms involved in hydrotropy have been discussed. Hydrotropes are widely used in separation, heterogeneous chemical reactions, natural product extraction and pharmaceuticals. Applications of hydrotropes in these fields are discussed at length. We have examined the significant outcomes and correlated them with green engineering and green chemistry principles, which could give an overall picture of hydrotropy as a green and sustainable approach for the above applications.
Altruism under Stress: Cortisol Negatively Predicts Charitable Giving and Neural Value Representations Depending on Mentalizing Capacity
Authors: Schulreich Stefan , Tusche Anita , Kanske Philipp , Schwabe Lars
Published: March 2022

Altruism, defined as costly other-regarding behavior, varies considerably across people and contexts. One prominent context in which people frequently must decide on how to socially act is under stress. How does stress affect altruistic decision-making and through which neurocognitive mechanisms? To address these questions, we assessed neural activity associated with charitable giving under stress. Human participants (males and females) completed a charitable donation task before and after they underwent either a psychosocial stressor or a control manipulation, while their brain activity was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging. As the ability to infer other people's mental states (i.e., mentalizing) predicts prosocial giving and may be susceptible to stress, we examined whether stress effects on altruism depend on participants' general capacity to mentalize, as assessed in an independent task. Although our stress manipulation per se had no influence on charitable giving, increases in the stress hormone cortisol were associated with reductions in donations in participants with high mentalizing capacity, but not in low mentalizers. Multivariate neural response patterns in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were less predictive of postmanipulation donations in high mentalizers with increased cortisol, indicating decreased value coding, and this effect mediated the (moderated) association between cortisol increases and reduced donations. Our findings provide novel insights into the modulation of altruistic decision-making by suggesting an impact of the stress hormone cortisol on mentalizing-related neurocognitive processes, which in turn results in decreased altruism. The DLPFC appears to play a key role in mediating this cortisol-related shift in altruism.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAltruism is a fundamental building block of our society. Emerging evidence indicates a major role of acute stress and stress-related neuromodulators in social behavior and decision-making. How and through which mechanisms stress may impact altruism remains elusive. We observed that the stress hormone cortisol was linked to diminished altruistic behavior. This effect was mediated by reduced value representations in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and critically depended on the individual capacity to infer mental states of others. Our findings provide novel insights into the modulation of human altruism linked to stress-hormone dynamics and into the involved sociocognitive and neural mechanisms, with important implications for future developments of more targeted interventions for stress-related decrements in social behavior and social cognition.
CALCULATION OF THE STABILITY FLAT SHAPE BENDING OF THE RACING CAR FRAME STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS IN THE CIRCULAR ARCHES FORM
Authors:   Odessа Polytechnic State University, Orobey V. , Lymarenko O. ,   Odessа Polytechnic State University, Bazhanova A. ,   Odessа Polytechnic State University, Khamray V. ,   Odessа Polytechnic State University, Ponomarenko A. ,   Odessа Polytechnic State University
Published: March 2022

To increase the strength and rigidity of the characteristics, the articulated elements of structural racing cars have a large ratio of axial moments of inertia of the cross sections. The method of solving boundary value problems of stability of the flat form of bending of racing car structural elements in the form of circular arches with sections having several axes of symmetry is obtained. In Formula Class cars, these elements are most responsible for the safety of the pilot. The system of integration of two differential equations of stability of the specified constructive elements of a car racing frame in the form of circular arches or curvilinear cores is executed in work. The numerical-analytical method of limiting elements developed by Professor V.F. Orobey was used for the research. The article presents two variants of systems of fundamental orthonormal functions for differential equations of stability of circular arches with constant coefficients obtained during research. The problem of stability of structural elements of racing cars on the geometry corresponding to circular arches is solved by a numerical method acquiring rapid development; the method has theoretically proved exact decisions. The equation obtained in the course of research is applicable to the solution of very complex problems of stability of various structures containing rods delineated along the arc of a circle. The equations can be used to solve very complex problems of stability of various structures containing rods drawn along the arc of a circle. Such structural elements are used in many designs of industrial engineering.
INFLUENCE OF CUTTING MODES ON WEAR RESISTANCE OF CUTTERS AND ACCURACY OF FINE BORING OF STEELS
Authors:   Odesа Polytechnic State University, Orgiyan A. , Oborskyi G. ,   Odesа Polytechnic State University, Balaniuk A. ,   Odesа Polytechnic State University, Kolesnik V. ,   Odesа Polytechnic State University, Dotsenko V. ,   Odesа Polytechnic State University
Published: March 2022

This paper is devoted to experimental study of fine boring of steels, which improves performance and parameters of processing accuracy. The conditions that ensure high wear resistance of cutting blades and improvement of accuracy parameters and processing quality were determined by changing cutting conditions and special geometry of carbide cutters with chip-curving chamfers. In the experiments, single-cutter boring was used, as well as double-cutter according to the feed division method. On the basis of the method of planning an experiment in the presence of a large number of variable input parameters, rational values of speed, feed, depth of cut, as well as parameters of roughness, taper and deviations from the roundness of the machined holes are established. The effect of fine boring modes on wear and tool life of cutting edges has been clarified. The influence of the compliance of cantilever boring bars on the level of oscillation of the cutter was also studied. It was found that intense vibrations occur for boring bars of small diameter <10 mm at a depth of cut >0.1 mm, resulting in intensive wear of the cutters. In preliminary experiments, it was found that boring of soft parts (type 20X and steel 30) is significantly different from machining harder steels and requires the use of other cutting conditions. Although the groups of structural carbon, high-quality and alloy steels may differ insignificantly in terms of processing conditions and the results achieved in the process of fine boring, however, for processing steels with special properties, a distinctive feature arises, namely increase in the level of vibrations with increasing cutting speed within the range usually used for other steels. This paper shows results of an experimental study of the process of thin boring of 35L steel with cutters made of TЗ0K4 hard alloy and chip-curving chamfers along the cutting blades.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF INTERNET OF THINGS TRAFFIC IN AD-HOC NETWORKS WITH HYBRID ROUTING
Authors:   Odessа Polytechnic State University, Prokopovych I. , Lopakov O. ,   Odessа Polytechnic State University, Kosmachevskiy V. ,   Odessа Polytechnic State University, Babych Y. ,   Odessа Polytechnic State University, Shvahirev P. ,   Odessа Polytechnic State University, Denysova O. ,   Odessа Polytechnic State University
Published: March 2022

g. This paper considers the impact of Internet of Things traffic, which is formed by monitoring and control systems or other systems, when the properties of this traffic are described by the properties of the regular flow. The impact of this traffic on such key QoS indicators as data delivery delay and probability of loss is estimated. As a model of communication network the system of queuing (SMO) with the combined discipline of service is considered. The analysis of trends in the development of the infocommunication system shows that the share of IP traffic in promising communication networks will significantly increase, which will lead to its impact on the quality of service .Given that the traffic in the network will also include telemetry traffic, this impact can have a significant impact on the quality of its service. Modern AD-HOC networks are based on the principle of “averaging”. According to statistics, many data streams with random variations in density will result in some average traffic. However, this approach does not work in networks prone to strong peak emissions. Such peculiar, time-localized “congestions” cause significant packet losses, even when the total demand of all flows is far from the maximum allowable values. This negatively affects the efficiency of network bandwidth utilization. The classical Poisson model of traffic, which was used in the design of network protocols, does not reflect the real reality: the data of real network traffic have the property of self-similarity.
DETERMINING THE APPROACH TO QUALITY IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PROCESS LANDSCAPE OF THE ODESSA POLYTECHNIC STATE UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Odessа Polytechnic State University, Perperi L. , Oborskyi G. ,   Odessа Polytechnic State University, Goloborodko G. ,   Odessа Polytechnic State University, Palennyy Yu. ,   Odessа Polytechnic State University, Gugnin V. ,   Odessа Polytechnic State University
Published: March 2022

. The object of this research is the process landscape model of an institution of higher education. In this study, the relationship of the upper levels of the continuous improvement cycles with the cycles of the lower levels was established. It is proposed to determine the relationship of the levels of continuous improvement processes through the “Do” phase so that this phase of the top level process is implemented by the full cycle of the subprocess. The initial positions and sequence of actions for building the landscape of the quality management system were determined; for this, it was necessary to determine the context of the university's activities; determine the processes by categories and their degree of detail; determine the sequence of processes of different categories and the relationship between them. For the implementation of innovative solutions, reengineering of the process as a whole, the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle has been proposed to be supplemented with the “S-start” phase. This phase should initiate the creation of certain processes, which after the start should develop independently without the intervention of top management. The analysis of the process landscape was carried out in accordance with the stated goals and their suitability in accordance with the context of the organization's activities. The carried out work value is that educational institutions can use the scientific research results presented in the article to build their own educational institution quality management system process landscape taking into account the requirements of ISO 9001:2015, ISO 21001:2018, standards and guidelines ESG 2015; the article exposes ways to integrate ESG recommendations into the ISO standards requirements structure.
Pustulosis exantematosa generalizada aguda
Authors: Saavedra Susan , Briceño Mónica , Pajuelo Gabriela , Sandoval Betty
Published: March 2022

La pustulosis exantematosa generalizada aguda (PEGA) es una patología dermatológica poco frecuente, caracterizada por la aparición brusca y generalizada de múltiples pústulas puntiformes, estériles, no foliculares, sobre una base eritematosa y edematosa. Es desencadenada frecuentemente por fármacos, entre los cuales resaltan los antibióticos. Presentamos el caso de un paciente varón de 40 años, que ingresó a emergencia por síndrome doloroso abdominal a descartar patología tumoral intraabdominal, indicándole inicialmente ceftriaxona y metronidazol. Al día siguiente, reingresó a emergencia encontrando, tras la cirugía de emergencia, una apendicitis aguda complicada con perforación intestinal, por lo cual rotan la antibioticoterapia a imipenem-cilastatina + metronidazol. A las siguientes 48 horas, presentó eritema generalizado y algunas pústulas pequeñas y microvesículas en región torácica, extremidades superiores y cuello. Asimismo, se observó en los exámenes de laboratorio, leucocitosis neutrofílica e hipoalbuminemia. En la biopsia, se encontró pústulas neutrofílicas subcorneales e intraepidérmicas, con dermis papilar edematosa e infiltrado inflamatorio perivascular con presencia de neutrófilos y escasos eosinófilos. Con todo lo descrito anteriormente, llegamos a la conclusión de una PEGA, desencadenado por los antibióticos recibidos, ceftriaxona o imipenem-cilastatina. Tras 6 días de la suspensión de imipenem-cilastatina, paciente mostró mejoría de lesiones dérmicas, con leve eritema y escasa descamación fina.
Dificultades para la participación en actividades académicas de la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública - Perú, 2018 - 2020
Authors: Iguiñiz Romero Ruth , Amemiya Hoshi Isabel , Dueñas Quispe Jacqueline , Seminario Carrasco José Luis
Published: March 2022

Introducción. Las tasas de abandono de cursos obstaculizan el logro de metas de capacitación del personal afectando el servicio que brindan a la población. Objetivo. Identificar las principales dificultades y obstáculos que los trabajadores de salud reportan para participar en las actividades académicas de ENSAP, 2018-2020, con fines de mejorar el alcance de su oferta académica. Métodos. Investigación transversal descriptiva de nivel nacional aplicando un cuestionario virtual anónimo tipo Likert de 44 preguntas, validado (α de Cronbach de 0,888). Resultados. Recibimos 3299 respuestas de personal con características generales similares y representativas del público objetivo y beneficiario de ENSAP. Las respuestas fueron de una muestra mayoritariamente femenina, con formación enfermería y/o técnico en enfermería, entre los 30 y 49 años de edad. 41% tuvo un trabajo adicional; dedica a la capacitación un máximo 5 horas/semana después de las 18:00 hs. La carga laboral (82%), carga familiar (51%), mala conexión a red (57%), la falta de reconocimiento o compensación por capacitación de los jefes (49%), olvidar haberse inscrito (47%) y olvidar la contraseña de acceso (41%) fueron los obstáculos más mencionados. Conclusiones. La formación continua a distancia ofrece una oportunidad para llegar al personal de salud nivel nacional. El alto número de inscritos en las actividades de ENSAP refleja una gran demanda e interés por capacitarse a distancia, pero es necesario plantear alternativas frente a los obstáculos que enfrentan para culminar la capacitación sin reforzar las desigualdades existentes.
Efecto del programa SERUMS en la equidad de la distribución de recursos humanos del primer nivel de atención en Perú
Authors: Núñez Manuel , Mendoza Pedro , Del Campo Javier , Chilca Manuel
Published: March 2022

Introducción. La adecuada dotación y distribución con equidad de recursos humanos son fundamentales para el desempeño del sistema de salud, especialmente en el primer nivel de atención. El Programa Servicio Rural y Urbano Marginal (SERUMS) es la principal estrategia desarrollada por el Estado peruano para este fin. Objetivo. Describir el efecto de la dotación de médicos, enfermeros y obstetras del Programa SERUMS en la equidad de la distribución de recursos humanos en el primer nivel de atención. Métodos. Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, de carácter censal con base en el Registro Nacional de Personal de Salud – INFORHUS, agosto 2019. Se aplicó indicadores de dotación, se verificó si existe diferencia entre la distribución porcentual de profesionales SERUMS y no SERUMS, se calculó la densidad (profesionales/10 000 hab. a nivel departamental, quintil de pobreza y ruralidad) y coeficientes de Gini (departamental). Resultados. La población estuvo constituida por 6037 profesionales SERUMS y 27 495 no SERUMS. El Programa SERUMS incrementó de manera importante la dotación y densidad de profesionales en casi todas las regiones del país. En 5 regiones los profesionales SERUMS representaron más del 50% de la dotación. Incrementos importantes se encontraron en el análisis por quintil de pobreza y en el ámbito rural, especialmente en la dotación de médicos. El programa SERUMS evidenció una mayor desigualdad en su distribución, según los coeficientes de Gini, a favor de las poblaciones más vulnerables. Conclusiones. El Programa SERUMS incrementa de manera importante la dotación y densidad de profesionales, especialmente en los distritos más pobres del Perú.
Anales de la Facultad de Medicina. Hacia el Bicentenario Nacional
Authors: Garmendia-Lorena Fausto
Published: March 2022

Se efectuó una revisión crítica del contenido de la revista Anales de la Facultad de Medicina desde año 2015 hasta el 2020, considerando la cuantía y calidad de las publicaciones en cada una de las diferentes secciones, bajo la relevancia de conmemorar 100 años de su aparición y del Bicentenario Nacional. Se tomó de base a las instrucciones para los autores, el prospecto, las normas y se clasificó los temas publicados. No se encontraron contribuciones en las secciones de galería fotográfica ni reseña de libros. En el tiempo revisado, se editaron 6 volúmenes, 24 números y 2 números especiales. En la mitad de los primeros números los editoriales no tuvieron título. Se publicaron 144 artículos originales, 44 originales breves, 26 revisiones, 34 artículos especiales, 14 sobre historia, 3 simposios, 49 casos clínicos, 79 cartas al editor, 12 guías. En cuanto a la temática, la mayoría fueron sobre medicina y subespecialidades. Artículos de ciencias básicas 16, cirugía general y experimental 8, pediatría 4, gineco-obstetricia 13, calidad de servicios de salud 25, salud pública 20, educación en salud 16, metodología de la investigación y enfermedades ocupacionales 6 cada una, miscelánea 29. Autores extranjeros y de organizaciones internacionales en 73 artículos. Se concluye que Anales de la Facultad de Medicina es una revista con tradición, indexada, emblemática de la institución y de trascendencia nacional e internacional.
Consumo de tabaco y condición de empleo en una región del eje cafetero colombiano
Authors: Chica Giraldo Christian David , Álvarez Heredia Juan Fernando , Naranjo Yonatan , Martínez Arias Marco Alexander , Martínez José William , Barbosa Gantiva Oscar , López Cardona John Alejandro , Roca Jean Pierre , Restrepo Santiago , Rivera Jaime Alberto , Cardona Miranda Leison
Published: March 2022

Objetivos Estimar la prevalencia del consumo de tabaco en una región del eje cafetero y su asociación con la condición de empleo.
Métodos Este estudio fue del tipo corte transversal. Los participantes fueron hombres y mujeres mayores de 15 años residentes de los municipios de Risaralda que aceptaron ser encuestados sobre las características del consumo de tabaco en 2017.
Resultados Se evaluaron 4 157 registros de personas y se obtuvo una prevalencia de consumo de tabaco en Risaralda del 11,5%. En subempleados hubo una asociación significativa por fumar (p<0,05) (OR=1,51 IC95%: 1,18-1,94) cuando se ajustó el consumo de cigarrillo por edad y sexo, mientras que en desempleados el odds ratio reportado fue mayor (OR=3,10 IC95%: 2,03-4,73). 
Conclusiones Se encontró que el subempleo es un factor de riesgo para el consumo de tabaco que debe ser considerado en el desarrollo de políticas para el control de consumo de tabaco en la región en población vulnerable. La condición de empleo puede explicar las limitaciones de una política de control de consumo de tabaco en la población.
Validación de un instrumento para evaluar consejería adolescente diferenciada en un centro de salud
Authors: Vanegas López Javier , Pastorino María Sol , Vasquez Fabián Daniel , Concha Lorena
Published: March 2022

La OMS/OPS admite que los patrones de conducta sexuales de los adolescentes y jóvenes han cambiado. Se afirma la consejería adolescente ha mostrado buenos resultados. Por ello el propósito de este estudio es evaluar un cuestionario que evaluará este tipo de intervención. Objetivos Establecer la validez de constructo y la confiabilidad de un instrumento para evaluar consejería en adolescentes asistentes al centro de salud Rucahueche. Métodos Estudio exploratorio con una muestra de 151 adolescentes entre 15 y 19 años, a los que se les aplicó un cuestionario autoadministrado. La validez de constructo y de consistencia interna fue evaluada por análisis factorial y el Alfa de Cronbach, respectivamente. Resultados El análisis factorial identificó en 3 dimensiones 10 constructos, los cuales explicaron el 62% - 67% de su variabilidad. A su vez, el análisis de consistencia interna obtuvo una puntuaci´ón de alfa de 0,934. Conclusiones El instrumento mostró evidencias de validez de constructo y de confiabilidad. Dichos análisis indican la factibilidad de aplicación del instrumento. Sin embargo, la validación del instrumento aún es un reto, debido a su relevancia para una mirada más profunda sobre la atención y la gestión en la atención de adolescentes. Por tanto, se considerará seguir haciendo estudios para explorar su dimensionalidad y validez de contenido.
Efecto del biofeedback en la satisfacción laboral en trabajadores de la industria joyera en México
Authors: Pozos Radillo Blanca Elizabeth , Horta Botello Eliseo , Plascencia Campos Ana Rosa , Preciado Serrano María de Lourdes
Published: March 2022

Objetivo Determinar cuál es el efecto que tiene la técnica de biofeedback de la respiración en la satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores de una industria joyera en Guadalajara, México.
Materiales y Métodos La investigación fue un estudio cuasiexperimental pre y postest en grupos aleatorizados en tres fases: diagnóstico, intervención y evaluación. Para los resultados se utilizó el ANOVA, durante el año 2020.
Resultados Los resultados muestran las diferencias significativas en el aumento de la motivación entre el grupo experimental y control en el postest, no así para la dimensión de satisfacción laboral y la dimensión de jerarquía.
Conclusión La aplicación de la técnica del biofeedback de la respiración mostró solo ser eficiente en la dimensión de la motivación de la satisfacción laboral, aunque con un efecto bajo en el personal de una empresa joyera, por lo que es necesario continuar buscando herramientas que puedan aumentar la satisfacción laboral en todas sus dimensiones.
Variation in Juvenile Salmon Growth Opportunities Across a Shifting Habitat Mosaic
Authors:   University of California, Davis, Coleman Laura , Johnson Rachel ,   University of California, Davis; NOAA Fisheries, Cordoleani Flora ,   NOAA Fisheries; University of California, Santa Cruz, Phillis Corey ,   The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Sturrock Anna ,   University of California, Davis; University of Essex
Published: March 2022

Historically, Chinook Salmon in the California Central Valley reared in the vast wetlands of the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. However, more than 95% of floodplain, riparian, and wetland habitats in the Delta have become degraded because of anthropogenic factors such as pollution, introduced species, water diversions, and levees. Despite pronounced habitat loss, previous work using otolith reconstructions has revealed that some juvenile salmon continue to successfully rear for extended periods in the Delta. However, the extent to which the Delta functions to promote salmon growth relative to other habitats remains unknown. In this study, we integrated otolith microstructure (daily increment count and width) and strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) records to fill this critical knowledge gap by comparing the growth of natural-origin fall-run Chinook Salmon from the American River that reared in the Delta with those that remained in their natal stream. Using generalized additive models, we compared daily otolith growth rates among rearing habitats (Delta vs. American River) and years (2014 to 2018), encompassing a range of hydrologic conditions. We found that juvenile Chinook Salmon grew faster in the Delta in some years (2016), but slower in the Delta during drought conditions (2014 to 2015). The habitat that featured faster growth rates varied within and among years, suggesting the importance of maintaining a habitat mosaic for juvenile salmonids, particularly in a dynamic environment such as the California Central Valley. Linking otolith chemistry with daily growth increments provides a valuable approach to explore the mechanisms governing interannual variability in growth across habitat types, and a useful tool to quantify the effects of large-scale restoration efforts on native fishes.
Investigation of Molecular Pathogen Screening Assays for Use in Delta Smelt
Authors:   California Department of Water Resources, Gille Daphne , Barney Bryan ,   California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Segarra Amelie ,   University of California, Davis, Baerwald Melinda ,   California Department of Water Resources, Schreier Andrea ,   University of California, Davis, Connon Richard ,   University of California, Davis
Published: March 2022

Pathogen surveillance must be part of any population supplementation or reintroduction program for the conservation of threatened and endangered species. The unintended transmission of pathogens can have devastating effects on these already at-risk populations or the natural ecosystem at large. In the San Francisco Estuary (estuary), abundance of the endemic Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) has declined to the point where regulatory managers are preparing to augment the wild population using fish propagated in a hatchery to prevent species extinction. Although disease is not an overt cause of population decline, comprehensive pathogen presence and prevalence data are lacking. Here, we performed a pilot study that applied molecular assays originally developed in salmonids to assess the presence of a wide variety of pathogens in the gill tissue of cultured and wild Delta Smelt—as well as cultured fish—deployed in enclosures in the estuary. We found the assays to be highly sensitive, and observed positive detections of a single pathogen, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, in 13% of cultured Delta Smelt. We also detected ten other pathogens at very low levels in cultured, enclosure-deployed, and wild Delta Smelt that likely represent the ambient pathogen composition in the estuary (as opposed to actual infection). Our results corroborate previous work that cultured Delta Smelt do not appear to present a high risk for pathogen transmission during population supplementation or reintroduction. However, the molecular pathogen screening assays tested here have great utility as an early warning system indicator of when further diagnostic testing might be necessary to limit the extent and frequency of disease outbreaks; their utility will be further increased once they are customized for Delta Smelt.
Sapere Aude
Authors: Matis Herbert , Suppan Arnold
Published: March 2022

Die quellenbasierte und chronologisch aufgebaute Geschichte der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW) seit 1918 fasst ihre Entwicklung in den politischen, ideologischen, sozialen und finanziellen Wechselfällen über einhundert Jahre zum 175-Jahr-Jubiläum im Jahre 2022 zusammen. Das Anliegen der beiden Autoren war es, einerseits die zeitlichen Zäsuren, strukturellen Veränderungen, Kontinuitäten und Brüche in der Entwicklung der ÖAW zu erfassen, andererseits den Aufbau und die Leistungen der einzelnen Forschungseinrichtungen darzustellen. Im Fokus stehen auch die immer wieder veränderten wissenschaftspolitischen Bedingungen seit der Gründung der Republik Österreich und die allmähliche Entwicklung der Akademie von einer überwiegenden Gelehrtengesellschaft zu einer modernen Forschungsträgerorganisation mit derzeit 25 großen und mittleren Instituten der Life Sciences, der Natur-, Sozial-, Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften, wie sie nur in wenigen europäischen Wissenschaftsakademien anzutreffen ist. Erstmals werden auch die finanziellen Aspekte strukturiert behandelt, soweit dies die Quellenlage zulässt. Darüber hinaus werden die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen der individuellen Forscherinnen und Forscher an der ÖAW besonders hervorgehoben.
Contribuições de Bachelard para a Educação Infantil: sequência de ensino investigativa aplicada a crianças de 2 a 4 anos
Authors: Martins Adriana Mello Almeida , Lucchese Márcia
Published: March 2022

O exercício da docência em Educação Infantil, na contemporaneidade requer uma postura investigativa relacionada à adoção de novas metodologias, o trabalho apresenta algumas das contribuições de Bachelard para esta perspectiva. Apresenta por objetivo geral refletir sobre as ideias do filósofo Gaston Bachelard, extraindo suas contribuições respectivas à produção do conhecimento, nos primeiros anos da Educação Infantil, considerando a epistemologia, a visão da Ciência e a evolução. O estudo conclui que para uma eficaz alfabetização científica da criança é preciso uma investigação de como se dá a construção do conhecimento científico infantil dentro e fora da escola. Nesta concepção para o eficaz Ensino da Ciência há necessidade de superação de obstáculos epistemológicos, sendo o caminho para esta superação a inserção de variáveis ambientais à dinâmica de ensino (compreendendo, sobretudo as relações destas variáveis com as vertentes de estudo), ou seja, a teoria bachelardiana considera por essência do método investigativo a produção do conhecimento de forma relevante e dentro dessa premissa, contribui valorizando o não e, sobretudo os conhecimentos que a criança traz
Spontaneous pneumothorax in German Shorthair Pointer due to penetration of a grass awn
Authors: Nedev V. S. , Kalkanov I. I.
Published: March 2022

This case report describes an incident of pneumothorax in 4-month old male German Shorthaired Pointer caused by a grass awn. The patient was brought to the Small Animal Clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria with respiratory distress and anxiety. Tachypnea, cyanotic mucous membranes and tachycardia were observed during physical examination. Abnormal collection of air in the pleural space between the lung and the chest was observed radiographically. A diagnosis of primary spontaneous closed pneumothorax was made based on these findings. Later pathoanatomical findings showed the presence of the grass awn that had penetrated through the skin.
PLURALISME AGAMA DI INDONESIA: Tantangan dan Peluang Bagi Keutuhan Bangsa
Authors: Lestari Julita
Published: March 2022

Diversity of religion on the one hand gave birth to segregate among the religious followers. On the other hand, uniting is driven by mutual respect for differences. This article studies the two side of these plurality in Indonesia as a state which is built from the diversity of religions. In Indonesia, plurality has twu potentials, namely opportunities and challenges for the national integrity. The biggest chllenge of this nation is the tendency of conflict which is derrived by the truth claim of each religious group. While, the opportuniy of plurality of the nation is tolerance of each religious followers for the integrity of the nation.Keberagaman agama di satu sisi cenderung melahirkan perpecahan di kalangan umat beragama. Di sisi lain persatuan yang didorong oleh sikap saling menghargai akan perbedaan yang ada. Artikel ini mengkaji kedua sisi pluralisme di Indonesia sebagai sebagai negara yang terbangun dari keragaman agama. Pluralitas agama di Indonesia memiliki tantangan dan peluang bagi keutuhan bangsa. Tantangan terbesar pluralitas bangsa ini adalah kecenderungan konflik yang bersumber dari truth claim (klaim kebenaran) masing-masing kelompok keagamaan. Sementara peluang pluralitas adalah sikap toleransi masing-masing penganut agama yang menopang keutuhan bangsa.
KONSEP AGAMA DALAM PERSPEKTIF MAX WEBER
Authors: Putra Ahmad
Published: March 2022

For a long period of time, religion has become the object of study of experts. One of them is Max Weber. This article aims to study the Weber’s view of religion and its role in society. This research used the qualitative text method with the source of data which is collected through the study of literature, both in the form of books and research reports. For Weber, religion is a belief which is related to the supernatural powers. More then  just a belief, each of religion such as Islam, Christianity, Buddism, Judaism has the tradition that are different each other.  Beside that, religion is also strongly associated with the something of magical and universal.Agama telah menjadi objek kajian para ahli dalam jangka waktu yang cukup lama. Satu dari ahli tersebut adalah Max Weber. Tujuan tulisan ini adalah untuk mengkaji pandangan Max Weber tentang agama dan perannya dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif teks dengan sumber data penelitian yang diperoleh dari telaahan literatur, baik berupa buku, maupun laporan hasil penelitian. Bagi Max Weber agama merupakan sebuah keyakinan yang terkait dengan kekuatan supernatural. Lebih dari sekedar kepercayaan, setiap agama seperti Islam, Kristen, Budha, Yudaisme, memiliki tradisi yang berbeda satu sama lain. Selain itu,  agama sangat terkait dengan sesuatu yang gaib dan bersifat universal.
NILAI-NILAI HUMANISME DALAM DIALOG ANTAR AGAMA PERSPEKTIF GUS DUR
Authors: Aqil Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Gus Dur is a humanist figure. This can be seen from his thought on the conflict resolution and the defence of minority rights which he strugles. The humanistic dialogue is a form of the conflict resolution which is offerred.  The basis of the interfaith dialogue that Gus Dur offerred is the concept of religious humanism. This concept rooted in his thoughts on Islamic universalism which tauched the political, economic, and social aspects. There are nine the humanistic values that derrived from the consept of Islamic universalism which become the basis of religious conflict resolution and struggle for the monitity rights, namely: tauhid (monotheism), humanity, equality, liberation, simplicity, brothehood, chivalary, and local wisdom.Gus Dur adalah seorang figur humanis. Hal ini bisa dilihat dari pemikirannya tentang resolusi konflik dan pembelaan hak-hak minoritas yang dia perjuangan. Dialog humanistik merupakan bentuk resolusi konflik yang ditawarkan. Basis dialog antar agama yang Gus Dur tawarkan adalah konsep humanisme agama. konsep ini berakar pada pemikirannya tentang  universalime Islam yang menjadi basis  resolusi konflik agama dan perjuangan hak-hak minoritas, yakni: tauhid, kemanusiaan, persamaan, kebebasan, kesederhanaan, persaudaraan, kesatriaan, dan kearifan lokal.
PENERAPAN AKUNTANSI PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN SEBAGAI ALAT PENILAIAN KINERJA MANAJERIAL PUSAT BIAYA PADA DINAS KELUARGA BERENCANA, PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: Hananingrum Nadila , Pravitasari Dyah
Published: March 2022

In Indonesia, there are several instances of budget anomalies in the national and municipal levels of government. As a result, there is a waste of funds. Furthermore, the community wants the government to use state funds more wisely so that it can be more effective, efficient, transparent, accountable, and responsible. The purpose of this research was to see how the Department of Family Planning, Women's Empowerment, and Child Protection, Tulungagung Regency worked, used accountability accounting as a tool for evaluating the managerial performance of cost centers; to identify obstacles to implementing accountability accounting; and to solve issues to that arise during the adoption of accountability accounting. In this study used descriptive qualitative method as a research method. Observation techniques, interviews, and documentation were used to obtain data. According to the findings of the study, responsibility accounting has been adequately implemented and meets the requirements and characteristics of responsibility accounting. Keyword: performance assessment, responsibility accounting, cost center, budget, program realization
Antimicrobial resistance monitoring of potential pathogens causing bloodstream infections
Authors: Zakhvatova A. S. , Daryina M. G. , Svetlichnaya Y. S. , Zueva L. P. , Aslanov B. I. , Chervyakova M. A.
Published: March 2022

Microbiological monitoring, being an integral component of epidemiological surveillance of healthcare associated infection (HAI), is one of the most important components in hospital patient safety. The purpose of monitoring is the etiological interpretation of pathogens, the identification of microbial hospital strains and development of strategies as well as tactics for combating them. In modern conditions development of healthcare and humanity as a whole, the most important problem is the steady increase in the number of HAI caused by antimicrobial drug-insensitive pathogens and decreased drug effectiveness used in therapy. The structure of infectious conditions in the hospital is specific and is determined by the profile and nature of the treatment, nosology and age of patients. The main pathogens in the etiological structure of HAI are Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumanii, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. The study estimated the prevalence of bloodstream infections pathogens resistant to antimicrobial agents in healthcare facilities in St. Petersburg. We retrospectively analyzed data on the antimicrobial resistance for the six clinically significant HAI pathogens that were detected in the blood samples at the 50 hospitals of St. Petersburg during the years 2016–2019. It was found that the use of β-lactam antibiotics is not effective in the treatment of patients with bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by S. aureus (in 21.9% of BSI cases), E. coli (2.1%), Klebsiella spp. (39.6%), P. aeruginosa (40.5%), Acinetobacter spp. (66.7%), Enterococcus spp. (4.4%). This article shows that targeted microbiological monitoring of HAI caused by resistant pathogens should be considered as an effective organizational mechanism for timely detection and prevention of complications that are observed in medical care to patients at high risk for bloodstream infections. Identification of the features of the epidemic process for purulentseptic infections in medical organizations contributes to the improved preventive measures in order to improve the quality of medical care. Microbiological monitoring data are necessary for the development and implementation of measures to curb the further growth of antimicrobial resistance of infectious disease pathogens.
Etiological pattern of community-acquired pneumonia related to the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 pandemic in the Saratov Region
Authors: Portenko S. A. , Kazakova E. S. , Naidenova E. V. , Osina N. A. , Proskuriakova M. V. , Katyshev A. D. , Sharkova E. A. , Kedrova O. V. , Chumachkova E. A. , Shamyunov M. R. , Kharitonova V. F. , Gureva L. A. , Popova N. Yu. , Maksimova L. V. , Bugorkova S. A. , Scherbakova S. A. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: March 2022

Community-acquired pneumonia is a polyetiological infectious disease of bacterial or viral nature. In most cases, it is caused by pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Legionella spp. However, despite that a wide range of modern diagnostic methods have been introduced into laboratory practice, the etiology of the disease can be determined only in 40–60% of cases. Here, we analyzed the causative agents of community-acquired pneumonia and relevant markers samples of clinical material collected from patients undergoing treatment in the medical facilities of the city of Saratov and the Saratov Region during the period from July to August, 2020, coupled to increase number of cases of new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Clinical material (oropharyngeal swabs, saliva, sputum, blood and blood serum) was obtained from 129 patients and investigated by using microbiological, immunoserological and molecular genetic methods. For this, there were used transport and nutrient media, diagnostic drugs, reagents, discs with antibacterial domestic and foreign drugs registered in the Russian Federation. As a result, 82 (63.6%) patients were found to have markers of the pathogen COVID-19 (viral RNA or specific antibodies of IgM and/or IgG classes), whereas 42% of cases had overlapped RT-PCR and ELISA data. There was a predominance of severe clinical forms of the disease in the group of patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus (17.1%), compared with pneumonia of another etiology (12.8%). No marked differences in specific pattern of the accompanying microflora and its sensitivity to antibacterial agents were observed in persons with/without markers of COVID-19. While being examined by bacteriological methods, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae, Acinetobacter spp., both in monoculture and in associations, were isolated from samples of clinical material collected from the majority of patients. In 49.6% of cases, pathogenic microflora, including pathogens causing community-acquired pneumonia, has not been identified, which may be due to the use of antibacterial drugs before the collection of clinical material and treatment applied due to comorbid chronic diseases.
Genotyping clinical cytomegalovirus isolates in solid-organs-transplant recipients
Authors: Vankova O. E. , Brusnigina N. F.
Published: March 2022

Cytomegalovirus infection remains one of the leading problems in contemporary healthcare. It belongs to socially and economically significant infections with a high incidence both in children and adults, characterized by polymorphic clinical manifestations and a variety of routes and factors for infection transmission. CMV infection of blood and organ recipients is a serious problem. It should be noted that, despite the great medical and social significance, in the Russian Federation there is no system of CMV epidemiological surveillance and control as it was traditionally developed for other topical infections. The aim of this study is to search for optimal method of cytomegalovirus (CMV) genotyping and estimate genotypic diversity of CMV isolates in Russia for patients underwent solid organ transplantation. The research presents the data after examining blood samples, leukocytes, saliva, urine and lacrimal discharge collected from 160 patients at the Transplantation Department of the Privolzhsky District Medical Center of the FMBA, aged 22 to 64 years, after liver and kidney transplantation. Molecular biological and serological methods were used for testing. Genotyping was carried out by the NGS sequencing of CMV DNA fragments. A high prevalence of CMV was found in patients undergoing solid organ transplantation. For 41.8±3.8% patients, cytomegalovirus DNA was detected in saliva and urine samples, and for 18.1±3.04% of them — in blood samples. In 98.8±3.2% of patients, the diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI) was confirmed serologically. Based on a summary of reported data, estimation of various methodological approaches for genotyping of clinical CMV isolates was carried out. As a result, a typing option based on genotype determining for two variable genes UL55 (gB) and UL73 (gN) was selected. The spectra and proportional distribution of gB and gN CMV genotypes circulating among adults were determined. It was found that genotype prevalence in the group of patients who underwent solid organ transplantation was as follows: gB2, gN4c, gN4a, gN1. In some cases, a mixed infection was found due to the association of two and three CMV genotypes. The performed phylogenetic analysis of UL55 and UL73 gene nucleotide sequences indicates the genetic heterogeneity found for Russia-wide CMV isolates from in adult patients in the risk group.