bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peranan Budaya Organisasi, Motivasi dan Pelatihan Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Pegawai (Studi Kasus di Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Provinsi Jawa Barat)
Authors: Gumiwa Ferdian , Avianti Widiya , Komar Priatna Deden
Published: January 2025

Artikel yang berjudul Peranan Budaya Organisasi, Motivasi dan Pelatihan Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Pegawai (Studi Kasus Di Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Provinsi Jawa Barat) dilatarbelakangi implementasi penilaian prestasi kerja di instansi pemerintahan sejak tahun 2014 sesuai Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 46 Tahun 2011. Observasi awal menunjukkan kinerja pegawai Bappeda Provinsi Jawa Barat masih rendah dan belum memenuhi target. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh hubungan antar variable.  Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dan verifikatif dengan tehnik pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner pada 59 sampel. Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda menunjukkan bahwa variabel budaya, motivasi, dan pelatihan memiliki koefisien positif terhadap kinerja. Uji F menunjukkan Fhitung (47,682) > Ftabel (2,77) atau Sig. (0,000) < 0,05, yang berarti ada peranan signifikan budaya organisasi, motivasi, dan pelatihan dalam meningkatkan kinerja pegawai sedangkan nilai koefisien determinasi R Square sebesar 0,772 hal ini menunjukkan adanya kontribusi budaya organisasi, motivasi, dan pelatihan dalam meningkatkan kinerja sebesar 72,2 persen. Temuan utama mencakup: 1) Budaya organisasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai, 2) Motivasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai, dan 3) Pelatihan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai.
Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara dalam Perspektif Keuangan Syariah
Authors: Risqy Kurniawan Rachmad
Published: January 2025

Anggaran pendapatan dan belanja negara sebagai wujud dari pengelolaan keuangan negara yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah untuk mencapai tujuan pembangunan, pemerataan dan stabilitas perekonomian. Negara menjamin kemerdekaan tiap-tiap penduduk termasuk umat Muslim sebagai mayoritas penduduk untuk memeluk agamanya masing-masing dan untuk beribadat menurut agamanya dan kepercayaannya itu, termasuk juga harus menjamin pengelolaan keuangan negara yang sesuai dengan syariat Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana hukum APBN dalam perspektif keuangan syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif kepustakaan (library research), dengan menggunakan metode istinbath hukum. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan keuangan negara melalui APBN boleh hukumnya bahkan menjadi wajib hukumnya untuk mewujudkan kemashlahatan dan menghindari kemudharatan. Pengelolaan APBN sudah sesuai dengan aturan hukum yang berlaku dan disepakati di Indonesia. Adapun pengelolaan keuangan negara menurut perspektif keuangan syariah diantaranya dengan instrument zakat, ghanimah, fai, kharaj dan jizyah memiliki kesamaan tujuan dan esensi penting dengan pengelolaan APBN.
Pengaruh Rekrutmen, Beban Kerja dan Burnout Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Frontliner PT Bank IBK Indonesia KCU GKBI
Authors: Desty Febrian Wenny , Nur Rizki Aisah
Published: January 2025

Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi kerja, disiplin kerja dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Bank IBK Indonesia KCU GKBI Menggunakan desain penelitian pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif kausal. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan PT. Bank IBK Indonesia sebanyak 60 orang responden. Alat pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuisioner dengan metode skala likert. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan alat pengolahan data SEM-PLS. Tahap pertama dalam penelitian ini menentukan indikator setiap variabel dan menyusun pernyataan yang akan di jadikan kuisioner, selanjutnya setelah data terkumpul dilakukan uji validitas pertanyaan setiap variabel berikut dengan reliabilitasnya. Tahap kedua menguji hubungan antara Rekrutmen, beban kerja dan Burnout kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Tahapan selanjutnya akan mengukur hasil penelitian dari setiap hubungan variabel. Dari hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Rekutmen tidak berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap Kinerja, Beban Kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. Pegawai, Burnout berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.
Literature Review Keputusan Pembelian: Analisis Kualitas Layanan Dan Kualitas Website
Authors: Maulana Ibrahim Afif , Ali Hapzi
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan dan Kualitas website Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian. Penelitian ini menggunakan tinjauan literatur yang menggali wawasan dari tinjauan literatur terbaru yang komprehensif, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji literatur yang relevan mengenai bagaimana Kualitas layanan dan kualitas website mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian konsumen. Tinjauan ini mencakup konsep-konsep utama, studi terdahulu, serta temuan empiris yang terbaru. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah (1) kualitas layanan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. (2) kualitas website memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. (3) kualitas layanan dan kualitas website memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian.
Determinasi Keputusan Pembelian: Analisis Kualitas Layanan dan Kualitas Produk
Authors: Maulana Ibrahim Afif , Ali Hapzi
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan dan Kualitas website Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian. Penelitian ini menggunakan tinjauan literatur yang menggali wawasan dari tinjauan literatur terbaru yang komprehensif, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji literatur yang relevan mengenai bagaimana Kualitas layanan dan kualitas website mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian konsumen. Tinjauan ini mencakup konsep-konsep utama, studi terdahulu, serta temuan empiris yang terbaru. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Kualitas Layanan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian (2) Kualitas Produk memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. (3) Kualitas Layanan dan Kualitas produk memiliki pengaruh secara simultan terhadap keputusan pembelian.
Determinasi Kepuasan Kerja: Kepemimpinan, dan Beban Kerja (Literature Review Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia)
Authors: Silviah Reni
Published: January 2025

Tinjauan Pustaka Penentuan Kepuasan Kerja: Kepemimpinan dan Beban Kerja merupakan artikel ilmiah dengan tujuan menganalisis apakah kepemimpinan dan beban kerja berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja. Metode pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode tinjauan pustaka untuk mengeksplorasi dan menganalisis hubungan antara kepemimpinan, beban kerja dan kepuasan kerja. Hasil dari artikel ini adalah: 1) Kepemimpinan berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja; 2) Beban kerja berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja. Selain 2 variabel eksogen tersebut yang mempengaruhi variabel endogen Kepuasan Kerja masih banyak faktor lain diantaranya motivasi, lingkungan, budaya organisasi.
Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Sampah Berbasis Teknologi dan Nilai Keagamaan
Authors: Tarliman Arieldhipta , Widjaja Justin Hartanto , Yusach Kelvin Jonathan , Wilison Marcelline Cathrine , Cahyadi Natasha Kayla , Wirawan Nathan Otniel Halim , Aryusmar Aryusmar , Alwino Alfensius
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini mengkaji pengelolaan sampah berbasis teknologi dan nilai keagamaan di kawasan Pantai Ancol yang menghadapi tantangan besar akibat tingginya sampah yang tidak terkelola. Indonesia sebagai negara maritim memiliki sumber daya alam yang melimpah. Sayangnya, pencemaran lingkungan, khususnya sampah di pesisir, telah mengancam ekosistem laut, menurunkan daya tarik wisata, serta mempengaruhi kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pola perilaku masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah dan mengeksplorasi integrasi nilai keagamaan sebagai upaya peningkatan kesadaran lingkungan. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan deskriptif, penelitian ini melibatkan observasi langsung, wawancara mendalam dengan pengelola dan masyarakat setempat, serta dokumentasi kondisi Pantai Ancol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas sampah berasal dari aktivitas pengunjung dan aliran sungai. Dampak utama meliputi pencemaran ekosistem laut, penurunan kualitas destinasi wisata, dan gangguan kesehatan masyarakat. Meski upaya pengelolaan telah dilakukan, seperti penyediaan tempat sampah strategis dan peningkatan jumlah petugas kebersihan, partisipasi masyarakat masih rendah. Penelitian ini juga mengungkap bahwa nilai-nilai keagamaan seperti kebersihan sebagai bagian dari iman dapat digunakan untuk membangun kesadaran kolektif dalam menjaga lingkungan. Kesimpulan penelitian menegaskan perlunya pendekatan holistik yang mengintegrasikan teknologi dan nilai spiritual untuk menciptakan pengelolaan sampah yang efektif dan berkelanjutan. Solusi ini diharapkan dapat memperbaiki kondisi Pantai Ancol sekaligus menjadi model untuk kawasan pesisir lainnya di Indonesia.
Reading the Realm of the Visible
Authors: Cagulada Elaine
Published: January 2025

Trouble has a look, of this the police must be certain. A linear narrative that suggests that what is visible is true constitutes this certainty. In conversation with Linda Alcoff, who speaks of “the realm of the visible,” this article arrives at a story of an encounter between police and policed—and enacts a pause. Guided by interpretive disability studies and Black studies, and reading for the social construction of the realm of the visible, this article narrates two stories of a moment between police officers and a Black, Deaf woman in 2021. A methodological commitment to storying reveals that, in the realm of the visible, a singular story of disability as a problem naturalizes institutions of policing and their norms of seeing as ordinary fixtures of everyday life. Police norms of seeing attempt to enact spatial domination over the lesser human and make legible the illegibility of blackness, deafness, and disability. Guided by blindness as perception, this article demonstrates how, by attending to our perceptual habits of reading deafness, blackness, and embodied difference, we develop a new habit of seeing the constitutive force of narrative.
Skin Scarred by Structural Violence
Authors: Sharma Radhika , Kumar Nagendra
Published: January 2025

This article examines the facial disfigurement caused by vitriolage or acid attacks, and unravels the aesthetics of the disfigured faces by exploring their visually signified materiality, which divulges alternative aesthetics, jarring the viewers into a state of abjection. It unfolds the commonalities between acid-attack survivors and disabled people, given the physical, psychological, and social consequences which led to the inclusion of women acid attack survivors into the category of disability in the RPWD Act 2016 in India. This research probes into three major critical interventions: first, it scrutinises the relation between vitriolage and structural violence; second, it studies its cause and effect through the close textual analysis of select texts,
Priya’s Mirror
(a graphic novel) and
Chhapaak
(a Bollywood movie); and third, it delves into the nuances of appearance impairment, and its isolating and disabling effects. Succinctly, this research uncovers the multiple aspects of acid violence in the Indian context by studying the select texts as a cultural archive and, through their respective visual narratives, attempts to inquire about the previously concealed or overlooked corporeality of women acid attack survivors.
‘The Enchanted Dollar Bill’: The Environmental History of Socialist Tourism in Hungary and Yugoslavia
Authors: PÁL VIKTOR , DJORDJEVSKI JOSEF M.
Published: January 2025

Yugoslavia and Hungary were two of the most market-orientated states in communist Eastern Europe. Yet, as socialist states striving to reach a new modernity, rapid industrialisation was traditionally seen by their leaders as paramount in transforming them to match the leaders’ visions of a better and brighter future. By the 1960s, however, the introduction of tourism in beautiful – and fragile – environments began to pose challenges to rapid industrialisation in both Yugoslavia and Hungary. The development of tourism, which was predicated upon perceived ‘pristine’ natural settings, presented socialist leaders with two major dilemmas: on the one hand, mass tourism had the potential to destroy the very natural resource base on which it depended: the environment itself. On the other hand, industry was seen as a major hindrance to the pursuit of tourism, and the two were bound to clash as tensions between them mounted. How then did the leaderships of these two countries seek to strike a balance between industry and tourism to avoid conflict, develop tourism without destroying their respective environments, and what were some of the major consequences of these processes? By looking at Lake Balaton in Hungary and the Kvarner Bay region in the Socialist Republic of Croatia (Yugoslavia), this article argues that, while industry and tourism continued to conflict throughout the state socialist projects, the authorities initiated some impressive, albeit flawed, measures towards sustainable development in order to ensure the success of increasingly tourism-based economies. We examine the role of leisure tourism in both environmental preservation and destruction to further study how Hungarian and Yugoslav leaders commodified their environments in order to attract visitors and secure revenue by creating tourist land and seascapes.
Unknown interiors of ancient Egypt: producing by artificial intelligence in the context of light-space relationship
Authors: Çelik Tuğçe
Published: January 2025

This study presents a design method aimed at visualizing cultural heritage through the architecture of ancient Egypt using modern technologies. With the deepening of the digital age, the use of digital technology and artificial intelligence in cultural heritage research has become an important tool for renewing and disseminating period architecture. The reason for choosing the interior spaces of ancient Egypt as a sample in this study is that, in addition to leaving a rich heritage in the field of architecture, ancient Egypt offers distinct period architecture in terms of space-light relationship. As a result of literature review, keywords related to architecture and the relationship between space and light in the Ancient Period were identified, and the study was visualized using the state-of-the-art artificial intelligence technology of today, namely human-computer interaction combined with text-to-image technology. The motivation and aim of this study is to demonstrate the role of reanimating cultural heritage like ancient period architectures in the computer environment based on interpretation, contributing to architectural sustainability, and spreading to future periods.
Data-driven Dynamics with Orbital Torus Imaging: A Flexible Model of the Vertical Phase Space of the Galaxy
Authors: Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Hunt Jason A. S. , Horta Danny , Oeur Micah , Hogg David W. , Johnston Kathryn , Widrow Lawrence
Published: January 2025

The vertical kinematics of stars near the Sun can be used to measure the total mass distribution near the Galactic disk and to study out-of-equilibrium dynamics. With contemporary stellar surveys, the tracers of vertical dynamics are so numerous and so well measured that the shapes of underlying orbits are almost directly visible in the data through element abundances or even stellar density. These orbits can be used to infer a mass model for the Milky Way, enabling constraints on the dark matter distribution in the inner galaxy. Here, we present a flexible model for foliating the vertical position–velocity phase space with orbits for use in data-driven studies of dynamics. The vertical acceleration profile in the vicinity of the disk, along with the orbital actions, angles, and frequencies for individual stars, can all be derived from that orbit foliation. We show that this framework—“orbital torus imaging” (OTI)—is rigorously justified in the context of dynamical theory, and does a good job of fitting orbits to simulated stellar abundance data with varying degrees of realism. OTI (1) does not require a global model for the Milky Way mass distribution, and (2) does not require detailed modeling of the selection function of the input survey data. We discuss the approximations and limitations of the OTI framework, which currently trades dynamical interpretability for flexibility in representing the data in some regimes, and which also presently separates the vertical and radial dynamics. We release an open-source tool, torusimaging, to accompany this article.
Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). XXI. Candidate Red Quasars at z ≥ 6 from Near-infrared Photometry
Authors: Iwamoto Ryo , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Imanishi Masatoshi , Iwasawa Kazushi , Izumi Takuma , Kashikawa Nobunari , Kawaguchi Toshihiro , Sawamura Mahoshi , Strauss Michael A. , Takahashi Ayumi , Toba Yoshiki
Published: January 2025

We present an analysis of near-infrared photometry of 59 quasars at 5.83 < z < 7.07, obtained with the Gemini North Telescope and the Gran Telescopio CANARIAS. The sample consists of low-luminosity quasars discovered in the Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-Luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs) project. With the near-infrared magnitudes combined with the optical photometric and spectroscopic data from the previous Hyper Suprime-Cam and SHELLQs observations, we searched for red (dust-reddened) quasars, characterized by the color excess of E(B − V) > 0.1. We identified five red quasar candidates. The low fraction (8%) of red quasars in our sample suggests that the low luminosity of the SHELLQs quasars is mostly due to the nature of the quasars, not due to extinction by dust. The candidates tend to be found on the low-luminosity side (measured with the rest-ultraviolet absolute magnitude at 1450 Å of M
1450 > −24 mag) of the sample. This luminosity trend may support the idea that red quasars represent an evolutionary stage preceding unobscured quasars, often invoked in the merger-driven galaxy evolution scenario.
Constraints on Primordial Black Holes from Neff: Scalar-induced Gravitational Waves as an Extra Radiation Component
Authors: Zhou Jing-Zhi , Kuang Yu-Ting , Chang Zhe , Lü H.
Published: January 2025

In 2023 June, multiple pulsar timing array collaborations provided evidence for the existence of a stochastic gravitational-wave background. Scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs), as one of the most likely sources of stochastic gravitational waves, have received widespread attention. When primordial curvature perturbations on small scales are sufficiently large, primordial black holes (PBHs) inevitably form, concurrently producing SIGWs with significant observable effects. These SIGWs can serve as an additional radiation component, influencing the relativistic degrees of freedom N
eff. Taking into account primordial non-Gaussianity, we study the energy density spectrum of SIGWs up to the third order and use the current observational data of N
eff to constrain small-scale primordial curvature perturbations and the abundance of PBHs.
Panorama européen des formations en travail social
Authors: Liénard Laure
Published: January 2025

Les formations en travail social en Europe s’inscrivent depuis vingt-cinq ans dans l’Espace européen de l’enseignement supérieur et de la formation. Les accords de Bologne et de Copenhague, rassemblant initialement 33 États signataires, concernent aujourd’hui 49 pays, élargissant ainsi le cercle des échanges académiques et professionnels. La mise en conformité des cadres formels a favorisé la mobilité entre pays, mais aussi entre l’enseignement supérieur et l’enseignement professionnel, ce dont le travail social a pu se prévaloir pour asseoir ses prétentions disciplinaires. Dans le même temps, le marché de l’emploi suscite des formations professionnelles courtes : il y a donc permanence d’un double système, au sein même des États. Si on trouve des fondamentaux communs dans la plupart des pays autour d’enseignements professionnels, théoriques, et des stages, la fluidité du cadre est aussi au service d’une diversification des profils des travailleurs sociaux : l’enseignement, à l’instar de l’accompagnement social, est centré sur l’apprenant acteur de son projet.
Euphorbia hypericifolia (Euphorbiaceae): una nueva adición a la flora vascular de Marruecos
Authors: Khamar Hamid , Boudik Soukayna , Benkhnigue Ouafae , Zidane Lahcen
Published: January 2025

Euphorbia hypericifolia L., nativa de los trópicos y subtrópicos del Nuevo Mundo, se ha encontrado recientemente en lugares alterados de la región fitogeográfica del Atlántico Norte de Marruecos. Representa un nuevo registro para la flora vascular de Marruecos. Para facilitar su identificación, este estudio proporciona una breve descripción morfológica de la especie, un conjunto de fotografías, un mapa de distribución y notas sobre ecología y hábitats.
Type designation of Helianthemum juniperinum (Cistaceae)
Authors: Ferrer Gallego Pedro Pablo
Published: January 2025

The nomenclatural type of the name Helianthemum juniperinum (basionym of Fumana juniperina) is discussed. A specimen included in Candolle’s collection at Geneva Herbarium (G-DC) and collected in Tunisia is designated as the lectotype of the name.
Integration of Mobile and Web Applications to Prevent Crime
Authors: Barrionuevo Elvis , Ticona Wilfredo
Published: January 2025

Citizen insecurity and crime represent one of the greatest challenges, as they affect people’s peace of mind and perception of security. Crime prevention and emergency management face challenges due to the lack of effective mechanisms for collecting and managing information, which hinder decision-making and affect the effectiveness of measures to combat crime. Therefore, the implementation of mobile and web applications is intended to reduce the risk of crime by supporting daily data collection, strategy planning, crime monitoring, diagnosis of the current situation, and coordination and evaluation of the competencies of citizen security agents. The SCRUM framework was applied to address the development and implementation of the model, considering all phases and artifacts. The results demonstrate that the implementation of mobile and web applications significantly supports crime prevention and strengthens district citizen security.
Mobile Application with Augmented Reality and its Impact on Anatomy Learning in Human Medicine Students
Authors: Gutiérrez-Jara Jéssica K. , Malpica-Rodríguez Manuel E. , Pérez-Aguilar Daniel A. , Pérez-Aguilar Jair M.
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the development of an augmented reality (AR) mobile application to display 3D structures of the human body and evaluate its impact on anatomy learning in students of the Faculty of Human Medicine of a university in northern Peru. The need to improve educational quality is addressed, given that traditional methods often lack adequate resources and effective motivation for students. Through the application, which uses the Mobile-D methodology, 3D anatomical models, a database, and a supporting web page were created. The results indicate that the AR mobile application had a positive impact on the learning of first-year Human Medicine students with a significant improvement of 0.88 in the averages, since it provides them with the basic knowledge for the introduction to this subject, in addition to improving their motivation and being considered as a learning and feedback tool.
Gays et lesbiennes en politique
Authors: Bouvard Hugo
Published: January 2025

Comment peut-on aujourd’hui être gay ou lesbienne en politique ? Cet ouvrage retrace les mobilisations qui, depuis le milieu du vingtième siècle, ont visé à augmenter le nombre de gays et de lesbiennes dans les partis politiques et les assemblées. À partir d’entretiens menés avec des élu·es ayant rendu publique leur homosexualité, il analyse le rôle que celle-ci a joué dans leurs trajectoires, et interroge ce que signifie un « coming out » en politique. Il contribue aux débats sur le lien entre les caractéristiques des élu·es et la représentation des groupes sociaux en étudiant la façon dont ces gays et lesbiennes prétendent (ou non) représenter les minorités sexuelles. Alors que le débat public est saturé de discours comparant la place des minorités en France et aux États-Unis, l’ouvrage sociologise les différences observées en rendant compte des contraintes asymétriques qui pèsent de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique sur l’exercice d’un mandat politique, lorsqu’on appartient à un groupe minorisé.
Basic Life Support Education and Training
Authors: Baeta Cristina , Ferreira Paula
Published: January 2025

The awareness for the necessity of Education and Traning in Basic Life Support (BLS) among general population is growing, especially in countries were incidence of cardiorespiratóry arrest is rising. Technology is always evolving, and that is the case of simulation techniques, that have always been present in BLS, since the creation of the human torso mannequin. COVID-19 pandemic has boosted new challenges for BLS education and training, and technologies such as Augmendet Reality and Virtual Reality were tested or improved during and after this period. Nevertheless, these technologies are not yet available for everyone, even in the most rich countries. In terms of costs, they are more expensive than conventional technologies. The BLS education and training must be regular, and should be monitorized and studied. Trainees opinion should be always relevant to improve quality and eficacy of this training, that can make the difference between life and deadth in less than 5 minutes.
A parallelizable method for two-dimensional wave propagation using subdomains in time with Multigrid and Waveform Relaxation
Authors: Malacarne Maicon Felipe , Pinto Márcio Augusto Villela , Franco Sebastião Romero
Published: January 2025

In this paper we compare the implicit schemes for the solution of the two-dimensional wave equation using Singlegrid and Multigrid methods. The discretization is performed using the Finite Difference Method, weighted in time by an established parameter. The parallelization of the algorithms is ensured by employing the Waveform Relaxation method, where numerical stability is achieved by applying the method of subdomains in time. The primary innovation of this work lies in the development of a high-order method that harnesses the parallelizability and robustness of the Multigrid method, enabling efficient solutions to the 2D wave equation. These methods also effectively mitigate oscillations that would otherwise significantly increase the maximum residual, a concern arising from the application of the standard Waveform Relaxation method.
Availability of support systems for youth who left child and youth care centres during COVID-19
Authors: Zingwe Fadzaishe B. , Lekganyane Maditobane R.
Published: January 2025

Background: Youth who left child and youth care centres (CYCCs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were exposed to unique scale of challenges compared to their peers. Their transition period required them to have solid plans for their uncertain future towards independence. In further compounding their challenges was their being indeterminate given the uncertainties associated with COVID-19. It was therefore, essential for them to have the necessary support systems to aid them both during their period in care as well as when they left these centres.Aim: This study sought to explore available support systems for youth who left care during the COVID-19 pandemic.Setting: The setting of this study was Ekurhuleni metro municipality in Gauteng province of South Africa.Methods: This was a qualitative study. A total of 12 youth who left care centres during the COVID-19 were recruited through purposive sampling to participate in semi-structured interviews. Data analysis followed Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis strategy, and trustworthiness was guided by credibility, dependability, transferability and confirmability.Results: The findings revealed the existence of support from various systems including the CYCCs themselves, social workers from both the CYCCs and the communities, sponsors, primary caregivers as well as friends.Conclusion: Youth who leave CYCC develop relationships from the care centres. These relationships form the basis of their support, upon which they rely even after their departure from these centres.Contributions: The study highlighted the importance of considering the impact of COVID-19 on the CYCCs and significance of supporting youth leaving them during pandemics such as COVID-19.
Assessing the Impact of Digital Programmes and Applications on Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: An Updated Meta-analysis
Authors: Alharbi Hassan Abdulmohsen , Alsulami Ruba Yosof T. , Alsuhaibani Renad Youssuf , Muthaffar Amjad Hassan , Alsulami Taeef Mutlaq J. , Alzobaidi Abdulaziz Ali M. , Al-Amer Ebtesam Saleh , Alismail Fatimah Bader N. , Alnughaymishi Mayar Khalid H , Aldakhil Lama Saleh , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef
Published: January 2025

Background:

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex condition associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Digital programmes and applications (apps) have emerged as the potential tools for managing MetS through lifestyle modifications and health behaviour interventions. This meta-analysis aims to assess the impact of digital programmes and applications on patients with MetS, focusing on key outcomes related to metabolic parameters, cardiovascular risk factors and patient engagement.

Methods:

A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted to identify the relevant studies published between 2012 and 2024. Studies evaluating the effectiveness of digital programmes and applications in patients with MetS were included. Quality assessment was done using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised controlled trials, the JBI tool for one quasi-experimental study and the NIH tool for observational studies.

Results:

A total of 15 studies were included in this study, comprising 1879 participants with MetS. The pooled analysis demonstrated significant improvements in body mass index (mean difference [MD] −0.56 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.88, −0.25], P = 0.0004), systolic blood pressure (MD − 3.07 mmHg, 95% CI [−5.21, −0.94], P = 0.005), diastolic blood pressure (MD −1.37 mmHg, 95% CI [−4.88, 2.15], P = 0.45), lipid profile (e.g., total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and fasting blood glucose levels (MD − 2.09 mg/dL, 95% CI [−4.77, 0.60], P = 0.13).

Conclusion:

Digital programmes and applications demonstrate significant beneficial effects on metabolic parameters, cardiovascular risk factors, medication adherence and patient engagement in individuals with MetS. These findings support the integration of digital health interventions as the adjunctive tools in the management of MetS and underscore the potential for personalised and technology-driven approaches to improve patient outcomes and promote healthy lifestyles.
Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence, Predictors and Cross-sectional Insights
Authors: Alkhaldi Ahmed Hamoud , Aljohani Ammar Mohammed , Alghamdi Reem Abdullah , Alfaraj Fatimah Baqer , Alalweni Bara Talal , Alenezi Rayan Abdulaziz , Alamri Mohammed Fehaid , Aleid Ahmed Fadeil , Asiri Abdullah Ahmed A , Alhodibi Mostafa Habeeb
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Anaemia, particularly iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The clinical definition of anaemia is characterised by low amounts of haemoglobin, the iron-rich protein in red blood cells, essential for oxygen transport. One of the early consequences of CKD is the development of anaemia, which tends to worsen as kidney function declines. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and predictors of IDA amongst Saudi Arabian patients with CKD, adding valuable information to the existing body of knowledge and addressing a significant gap in regional research.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2023 in various healthcare facilities across Saudi Arabia. The study population consisted of 1184 Saudi Arabian patients diagnosed with CKD. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire focusing on the prevalence of IDA, demographic, clinical and laboratory variables. The sample size was calculated to ensure adequate representation and statistical power. Convenience sampling was used for participant selection, and SPSS 28.0 was employed for data analysis.

Results:

The study found a high prevalence rate of 43.9% for IDA amongst CKD patients in Saudi Arabia. Key factors associated with anaemia included body mass index (BMI), family history, smoking status, dietary habits and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Notably, obesity (BMI ≥30) was linked to a lower likelihood of anaemia, while non-smokers showed a higher likelihood. In addition, the study highlighted the importance of dietary factors and patient awareness in managing IDA.

Conclusion:

The study’s findings underscore the significant burden of IDA amongst CKD patients in Saudi Arabia and emphasise the multifaceted nature of this health issue. Factors such as BMI, family history, smoking, dietary habits and eGFR play pivotal roles in the manifestation of IDA in CKD patients. These insights call for tailored interventions and further research to address the substantial prevalence of IDA in this population. By addressing these variables, healthcare providers can improve the management and quality of life for CKD patients while minimising the burden of IDA.
[18F]FDG- PET/CT in Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Patients with Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Authors: Priyadharshini V M Vimala , Muthukrishnan Indirani , Gauthaman Dinesh Kumar , Simon Shelley
Published: January 2025

Background:

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), a rare hematological disorder, presents significant diagnostic challenges due to its varied clinical manifestations. This study aims to analyse the use of F-18 fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET/CT) in diagnosis, staging, and management of LCH.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty-nine patients with LCH were included, who underwent a total of ninety-three F-18 FDG PET/CT scans (including follow-up scans in 19 patients). The sites of abnormal FDG uptake were assessed and the maximum standardized uptake value was measured in all the scans.

Results:

Twenty-five patients (42.4%) had single system LCH (SS-LCH) and 34 patients (57.6%) had multisystem involvement LCH, 49/59. The most common sites of LCH involvement were bones (49/59, 83.1%) and lymph nodes (39/59, 44.9%). 12/59 patients (20.3%) had unifocal SS-LCH bone lesions, mostly in skull. The other common sites involved were lungs, liver, spleen, marrow, skin, and soft tissues. Less commonly involved sites included pancreas (2 cases), occipital lobe (1 case), and bowel (1 case). PET/CT was used in response assessment in 19 patients and helped in initiation of second line chemotherapy in cases of disease progression (2 cases) and relapse (2 cases). Seven cases with clinical suspicion were diagnosed as LCH based on lesion characteristics and FDG uptake, which were later biopsy proven.

Conclusion:

F-18 FDG PET/CT revealed morphological and metabolic characteristics of LCH lesions, aiding in accurate diagnosis, assessment of disease burden, and prognostication, thereby can be used as a comprehensive imaging tool in management of LCH.
The Usefulness of FDG PET-CT in the Routine Staging of Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis from the Lead Cancer Center, Pakistan
Authors: Ali Jamshed , Baloch Sara , Qayum Iftikhar , Farooqui Amer Rehman , Sajjad Kashif , Khanzada Zubair Shabbir
Published: January 2025

Background:

Accurate staging of tumors is paramount in the management of cancer patients. Current noninvasive modalities like computed tomography (CT) and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) scan offer viable approaches to stage the disease; however, the role of FDG PET-CT in gastric cancer remains unclear, in comparison to esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancers, where they have proven usefulness.

Aim:

The primary outcome was to assess the usefulness of FDG PET-CT in staging gastric cancer in our population. The secondary outcome was to compare the positive yield of PET-CT with staging laparoscopy and avidity of FDG PET-CT scan in gastric cancer.

Materials and Methods:

In our institution, FDG PET-CT is routinely used in staging gastric cancer, where CT scan does not show metastases. We did a retrospective analysis of data of gastric cancer patients, who were not known to have metastatic disease, who underwent pretreatment staging workup at our institute between January 2018 and December 2022. Tumor and lymph node (LN) avidity and their association with Lauren classification was assessed. Multivariate regression analysis for factors associated with metastases on FDG PET-CT scan with tumor size, nodal status, and node avidity was also assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 for descriptive and comparative statistics; multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify factors affecting the diagnosis of metastases on PET-CT. P =0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Tumor avidity was shown in 181 (89.16%) patients, and LN avidity in 80 (39.4%) patients. This was independent of the Lauren classification. In addition, previously unidentified metastases were highlighted in 16 (8%) patients. Multivariate regression analysis for factors associated with metastases on FDG PET-CT scan showed a significant association with tumor size (P < 0.001), nodal status (P = 0.005), and node avidity (P = 0.024).

Conclusions:

FDG PET-CT scan can identify an additional 8% of previously unidentified metastases, thereby playing a useful role in the staging workup of advanced gastric cancer patients. Approximately 90% of gastric cancers and 40% of LNs were PET avid in our population.
The ultrastructure of the periodontal ligament cells-titanium interface with vitro
Authors: Lauer Günter , Choi Byung Ho
Published: January 2025

Several studies have shown that a peridontal ligament can form on titanium dental implants which were placed in contact with the periodontal ligament of the retained roots. However, the following question is still critical: how do the periodontal ligament cells adhere to the implant surface? Little is known about the ultrastructure of the periodontal ligament cells-titanium interface. The objective of this study, therefore, was to gain insight into the morphology of the interface. Human periodontal ligament cells were cultured on thin titanium substrates obtained by electron beam evaporation of titanium. This technique allowed for the preparation of ultra-thin sections for transmission electron microscopy containing titanium substrate as well as the cells adhering to it. Transmission electron microscopy showed that periodontal ligament cells not only came into close contacts with the titanium surface, but also extended numerous cellular processes that contained microfilaments and an electron-dense plaque. In addition, collagen fibres were observed in some zones of the extracellular matrix contacts. The results provide evidence that periodontal ligament cells can develop attachments on titanium surface.
The vertical rectus abdominis (VRAM) free flap in head and neck reconstruction - A series of 20 patients
Authors: Lim Kelvin L.H.
Published: January 2025

Major defects of the head and neck region require reconstruction with large flaps to replace lining and cover, restore contour and disguise underlying bone loss in those cases where bone reconstruction may be inappropriate. Free flaps offer a single-stage method of reconstruction, and are usually the treatment of choice.

Over a three year period, 20 consecutive patients (14 male, 6 female) ranging in age from 35 to 79 years (mean age = 59.55 years), underwent primary reconstruction of large tumour related defects in the head and neck region using the VRAM free flap. The follow up period ranged from 2 weeks to 42 months (mean follow up period = 15.3 months). 15 of these patients presented with recurrent tumour, of which 3 had previous reconstruction with free flaps. 18 reconstructions were performed in previously irradiated patients, with 2 of these patients having also received pre-operative chemotherapy. Subsequent tumour recurrence in the previously irradiated group was treated with either further resection, post-operative radiotherapy or post-operative chemotherapy, with 10 deaths occurring during the follow-up period.

The VRAM free flap was used in 10 oral cavity reconstructions following resection of the tongue, floor of mouth and mandible, 3 pharyngo-oesophageal reconstructions following pharyngo-laryngectomy, 3 orbito-maxillary reconstructions, and 4 facial reconstructions following resection of the vertical ramus of mandible without bone reconstruction.

This series of 20 consecutive patients confirms the versatility, safety, reliability and low donor site morbidity of the VRAM free flap in head and neck reconstruction. We believe this flap is particularly indicated in the previously irradiated patient with pain, trismus, infection or osteo-radionecrosis where resection of the vertical ramus of the mandible is indicated. The VRAM flap provides good cosmetic and functional reconstruction with symptomatic relief of both pain and trismus.
Treatment and complications of fractures of the mandible
Authors: AY Al-Zubi , CB Lian , WC Ngeow
Published: January 2025

A total of 443 mandibular fractures in 296 patients, treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, between 1977 and 1996 were reviewed. Almost 40% of the patients were Malay, with the remaining 32.8% Chinese, and 27.4% Indian, respectively. Patients' age ranged from 3 to 77 years. The mean age was 27.2 years. The majority of the patients were male, with a male to female ratio of 6.7:1. The highest incidence of fracture was in the 20 – 29 year age group (49.3% of all patients). The most common site of fracture was the body (36.3%), followed by condyle (17.2%), symphysis, (16.0%), angle (12.4%), parasymphysis (9.5%), dentoalveolus (5.2%), ramus (2.0%) and coronoid (1.4%). There was an increase in the number of mandibular fractures treated in the second decade of study (1988- 1996). Most of the patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation of their fractures (79.4%). Forty (13.5%) patients were treated by close reduction while the mode of treatment for the remaining 22 (7.2%) patients was unknown. Intermaxillary fixation and intraosseous wiring fixation was mainly used in the 70s and 80s, while bone plates were used more commonly in the 90s. More than one third of the patients had complications which include malocclusion (12.8%), limitation of mouth opening (11.5%), infection (7.1%), non-union (2.4%), and others (2.4%).
An investigation into complications and complaints following orthognathic surgery
Authors: KK Siow , ST Ong , WC Ngeow , CB Lian
Published: January 2025

Long lasting adverse sequelae following orthognathic surgery are rare. The present study investigated the frequency of complications (as recorded by the surgeons) and complaints (as noted by the patients) in a self-completed questionnaire. It was found that the most common complication was paraesthesia (64%), followed by relapse (17%). Other complications were less frequently encountered. These included oronasal fistula, unfavourable fractures, infected bone graft and temporary deafness. There were more female patients than males who reported post-operative complaints. Common complaints were prolonged pain, prolonged swelling, scar, limited mouth opening and loss of weight.
A Review of Asymptomatic Periapical Radiopacity of the Mandible
Authors: Yahaya Norziha , Rahman Roslan Abdul , Fatah Faizah Abdul , Hasmun Noren Nor , Ramli Roszalina
Published: January 2025

Asymptomatic periapical radiopacity (APR) refers to a radiopaque lesion at the apex of a tooth or its surrounding area that is discovered as an incidental radiographic finding during routine examination. The aim of this study was to observe the prevalence of APR in panoramic radiographs of patients who attended Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Malaysia between July 1998 to December 2002. This lesion were present in 4.4% of the 500 radiographs reviewed and were noted in patients aged between 21 to 30, especially in Malay females. All lesions occurred in the mandible and the most common sites involved were the lower right second permanent premolars (27.3%) and lower right first permanent molars (22.7%).
Functional recovery following non-surgical treatment of condylar fractures
Authors: Rahman Rossuhaimi bin Abdul , Tin Ong Siew
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to review and evaluate the functional outcomes following non-surgical treatment of fractured condyles done at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya during the period of 1990 to 2002.

A total of 78 patients fulfilled the criteria but only 58 patients had sufficient contact information. All these patients were recalled but only 20 patients (25.6%) came for review and clinical examination.

The most common type of fracture was condylar neck fracture (81%) and the least common was intracapsular fracture. Six patients had bilateral condylar fractures. Condylar fractures were most often associated with mandibular fractures (70%); mainly at the regions of symphysis and parasymphysis (47%). The modes of treatment were conservative functional for undisplaced fractures or fractures without occlusal derangement; and intermaxillary fixation with wires for displaced fractures or if there was occlusal derangement.

At review, all patients had satisfactory occlusal interdigitation. Ten patients reported subjective symptoms which included pain, limitation of mouth opening, jaw deviation and asymmetry. Signs and symptoms were most frequently associated with condylar neck fractures with displacement.

In conclusion, condylar fractures treated non-surgically showed an overall satisfactory outcome. However, the high incidence of persistent signs and symptoms in relation to severely displaced unilateral fractures and bilateral fractures with displacement, there is a need to review the treatment modality and rehabilitation program for these patients.