bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Füße und ihre Subjekte. Ein Plädoyer dafür, das Konzept der Subjektivierung vom Kopf auf die Füße zu stellen
Authors: Alkemeyer Thomas
Published: June 2012

In dem Text wird in Abgrenzung von subjektphilosophischen Betrachtungsweisen ein praxistheoretischer Zugang zur Analyse von Subjektbildungen vorgeschlagen. Das Subjekt ist in dieser Perspektive keine autonome Quelle des Handelns,sondern das stets vorläufige und sich wandelnde Ergebnis von Praktiken. Es wird also nicht transzendental, das heißt hinter der Praxis angesetzt, sondern empirisch, das heißt in der Praxis. Ausgangspunkt für praxistheoretische Rekonstruktionen der Subjektivierung sind mithin beobachtbare Handlungszusammenhänge. Zentral für die Subjektwerdung scheint insbesondere das aufrechte Gehen auf zwei Beinen zu sein, das in historisch unterschiedlichen sozialen Formen und kulturellen Kodierungen auftritt. Als schmale und damit labile Basis der Haltung des gesamten Körpers spielen die Füße eine besondere Rolle für die Subjektwerdung. Aufgrund der Bedeutung ihres sozialen Gebrauchs für die Subjektivierung wird dafür plädiert, Rekonstruktionen historisch konkreter Subjektivierungsweisen mit Beschreibungen der Formung, Schulung, Übung und Konditionierung der Füße zu beginnen.
zu Fuß. Eine körperliche Bildnotiz
Authors: Peskoller Helga
Published: June 2012

Der Beitrag in fünf Teilen – Orientierung, Bewegung, Gegenständlichkeit, Weite und Auflösung – basiert auf einer Erfahrung des Weitwanderns, folgt der schlichten Frage, wozu zu Fuß gehen und setzt sich im Zuge dessen auch mit der Glaubwürdigkeit von Bildern auseinander, die als das Andere des Körpers mit ihm ergangen wurden.
Der Zulu Schilftanz
Authors: Mnguni Mbukeni Herbert
Published: June 2012

This study explores how foot vocabulary among Zulus of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa contributes to linguistic and identity construction. On a theoretical plane, the study is indebted to post structuralism and the notion of performativity in constructing identities of young Zulu women. Like in other cultures of the world the foot/feet has become a central subject in preserving Zulu culture through Umhlanga reed dancing. The foot as seen from the external perspective, is an object to be spoken about. The foot as felt from the internal perspective, that is, subjective foot is a performing object. The Umhlanga reed dance is not merely for enjoyment it also helps to preserve the Zulu culture and identity.
Vertikale Hierarchie und archaische Sakralität: Zur mythopoësis des Fußes
Authors: Scherer Burkhard
Published: June 2012

This article examines aspects of the Indo-European and Ancient Near Eastern mythopoësis of the human body. Utilizing post-Eliadic historical and philological phenomenology, the article argues that the homological hierarchical symbolism of the human body in myth and poetry reflects the archaic religious psychology of verticality. Indo-Iranian cosmogony and sociogony, body metaphors of subjugation and healing and the specific pattern of the mythopoësis of the foot and its implications for Indo-Iranian rites and culture are analyzed. In the concluding case study the close reading of the Purāṇic Diti narrative exemplifies the decisive role vertical hierarchy plays in Indian thought and myth.
The Foot in Surrealist Art and Theory
Authors: Asplund Emily
Published: June 2012

This article examines the appearance of feet in surrealist art in terms of their thematic contribution to the philosophical aims of the surrealist movement. Georges Bataille’s theory of bassesse as the mechanism to achieve the informe, or the destruction of all categories of thought, is the basis for the reading of the significance of feet within the surrealist project outlined in this article. It discusses the theoretical preoccupations that make feet appropriate subjects for surrealist art and examines how several specific works of surrealist art employ images of feet.
Balance im Übergang. Absprung und Wiederholung
Authors: Schuhmacher-Chilla Doris
Published: June 2012

Dass der Mensch die Füße nicht nur zum Gehen und Stehen besitzt, sondern auch, um abzuspringen, unter Umständen in einen anderen Zustand, wird an zeitgenössischen, künstlerischen Arbeiten von Jan Verbeek (Videoinstallation) und Janne Lehtinen (inszenierte Fotografie)gezeigt. In Reflexion historischer Modelle von Muybridge und Marey wird die Absprungbewegung und deren Visualisierung mittels fotografischer und filmischer Technik hinterfragt.
A novel 99mTc-labeled dimethyl-substituted zoledronic acid (DMIDP) with improved bone imaging efficiency
Authors: Qiu Ling , Lin Jianguo , Luo Shineng , Wang Yan , Cheng Wen , Zhang Shu
Published: June 2012

A novel zoledronic acid (ZL) derivative, 1-hydroxy-2-(2,4-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-ethane-1,1-diyldiphosphonic acid (DMIDP, dimezoledronate), was successfully prepared and labeled with 99mTc in a high labeling yield. The biodistribution in mice shows that 99mTc-DMIDP has significant advantage regarding bone resorption and clearance from soft tissues compared with 99mTc-ZL and the clinically widely-used bone-imaging agent 99mTc-MDP (methylenediphosphonic acid). Kinetics of blood clearance displayed that distribution half-life (T
1/2α
) and elimination half-life (T
1/2β
) of 99mTc-DMIDP were 2.53 min and 23.53 min, while those of 99mTc-ZL were 2.28 and 52.63 min, respectively. Excellent images of the rabbit skeleton can be quickly obtained from 99mTc-DMIDP, which was faster than 99mTc-ZL and 99mTc-MDP. The present findings indicate that 99mTc-DMIDP possesses excellent potential for application as a novel bone scanning agent.
Quality assurance in the nuclear sector
Authors: Parry S. J.
Published: June 2012

The nuclear sector in the UK operates under regulation requiring assurance that the quality of radioactive measurements is “fit for purpose”. Laboratories operate a quality system under ISO 17025:2005 which is monitored by the United Kingdom Accreditation Service. Few of the test methods used in UK laboratories are based on standard methods so non-standard procedures are validated through the use of certified reference materials, and continued quality assurance is provided through participation in proficiency testing and interlaboratory comparison exercises. The majority of organisations accredited for radioactivity measurements under ISO 17025:2005 in the UK are environmental monitoring laboratories routinely processing soils, vegetation, air filters and water samples. There are no certified reference materials available in the UK or elsewhere adequately supporting the work of these laboratories. The same is true for the nuclear decommissioning and waste management community that regularly analyses concrete, soil, brick, sludge and oils for activities at Low Level Waste and Intermediate Waste Levels. The nuclear sector has a number of issues regarding availability of isotopic tracers for analysis, supplies of material for nuclear medicine, proficiency testing exercises involving representative matrices and activity levels but the most pressing need is in the area of certified reference materials for validation of methods analysing alpha, beta, and gamma emitting radionuclides.
Von langen Bänken und erschrockenen Eiern – Nicht materielle lexikalische Folgen russisch-deutscher Zweisprachigkeit
Authors: Bente Karl Katrin
Published: June 2012

This paper deals with contact induced non material borrowings in the area of lexis. The first part of this paper is concerned with the theoretical level and introduces three different types of contact induced modifications (material transfer, overgeneralization and non material transfer) as well as a more differentiated classification for the non material lexical transfer. The second part analyses a bilingual Russian-German corpus and addresses the question, which subtypes of the non material lexical transfer appear in which proportion in the spontaneous speech of Russian-German bilinguals in Germany today.
Buchbesprechung
Authors: Seifert André
Published: June 2012

Elle, Ludwig, Die Domowina in der DDR. Aufbau und Funktionsweise einer Minderheitenorganisation im staatlich-administrativen Sozialismus. (Schriften des Sorbischen Instituts/ Spisy Serbskeho instituta; 51). Bautzen: Domowina, 2010. 256 S. ISBN: 978-3-7420-2176-2
Gender and language in sub-Saharan African contexts
Authors: Atanga Lilian , Ellece Sibonile Edith , Litosseliti Lia , Sunderland Jane
Published: June 2012

In this paper, we examine a range of issues associated with the study of gender and language in sub-Saharan African contexts. These include whether (and in what sense) such contexts may constitute a ‘special case’, the relevance of feminism, and what might be encompassed by ‘context’, ‘African contexts’ and ‘African topics’ – and a substantial amount of what we write is relevant to Applied Linguistics in Africa more broadly (see Makoni and Meinhof 2004 for a discussion). We argue that while all the gender issues are of interest and importance to language and gender study in general, it is possible to see some of these issues as ‘characteristic’ of African contexts (albeit with ‘echoes’ elsewhere). It will be evident from this first paper (and those which follow) that along with taking on board commonalities in terms of the theoretical notions used in our field in African and non-African contexts, there is also a need to recognise a range of situated understandings of gender identities, gender relations, understandings of gender more broadly, and feminism.
The discursive construction of a ‘model Cameroonian woman’ within the Cameroonian Parliament
Authors: Atanga Lilian
Published: June 2012

This paper examines the discursive construction of a ‘model Cameroonian woman’ in the Cameroonian parliament. Model here is used to indicate a popular ideal. The starting point for this paper comes from discourses articulated within the wider society that tend to be rearticulated in public formal contexts such as the parliament. The data comes from a wider study (see Atanga 2007) and constitutes recordings from parliamentary sessions in Cameroon, which are transcribed and translated into English. I draw on Wodak’s discourse-historical approach to Critical Discourse Analysis (Wodak 2001; Wodak and Meyer 2009) to analyse the data. This involves the identification of traditional gendered discourses articulated within the parliament and the discursive strategies used to legitimate them. The identification of these discourses is based on Sunderland’s (2004) discourse identification approach. For the legitimation (see Reisigl and Wodak 2001) I examine arguments used to legitimate the construction of a ‘model Cameroonian woman’ and which serve to build in-groups and out-groups, and which sustain and maintain the status quo (e.g. of women as domestic or women as cooks). These strategies may include both a specific rhetorical style and arguments to legitimate the discourses. This study shows the ideological battles and challenges which Cameroonian men and women are faced with in an era of globalisation.
Predicting Growth of Panicum maximum: An Adaptation of the CROPGRO–Perennial Forage Model
Authors: Lara Márcio A.S. , Pedreira Carlos G.S. , Boote Kenneth J. , Pedreira Bruno C. , Moreno Leonardo S.B. , Alderman Phillip D.
Published: June 2012

Warm‐season grasses are economically important for cattle production in tropical regions and tools to aid in management and research on these forages would be highly beneficial both in research and the industry. This research was conducted to adapt the CROPGRO–Perennial Forage model to simulate growth of the tropical species guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. ‘Tanzânia’) and to describe model adaptation for this species. To develop the CROPGRO parameters for this species, we began with values and relationships reported in the literature. Some parameters and relationships were calibrated by comparison with observed growth, development, dry matter accumulation, and partitioning during a 17‐mo experiment with Tanzânia guineagrass in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Compared with starting parameters for palisadegrass [Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf. cv. ‘Xaraes’], dormancy effects of the perennial forage model had to be minimized, partitioning to storage tissue or root decreased, and partitioning to leaf and stem increased to provide for more leaf and stem growth and less root. Parameters affecting specific leaf area and senescence of plant tissues were improved. After these changes were made to the model, biomass accumulation was better simulated, mean predicted herbage yield was 6576 kg ha−1, averaged across 11 regrowth cycles of 35 (summer) or 63 d (winter), with a RMSE of 494 kg ha−1 (Willmott's index of agreement d = 0.985, simulated/observed ratio = 1.014). The model also gave good predictions against an independent data set, with similar RMSE, ratio, and d. The results of the adaptation suggest that the CROPGRO model is an efficient tool to integrate physiological aspects of guineagrass and can be used to simulate growth.
Flood Duration and Time of Flood Onset Effects on Recently Planted Sugarcane
Authors: Glaz Barry , Lingle Sarah E.
Published: June 2012

Periodically flooding sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) by delaying drainage after rain in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) of Florida improves soil conservation and reduces P discharge to the Everglades, but farmers are concerned that flooding recently planted or recently ratooned sugarcane reduces yields. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of time of flood onset and flood duration on stalk, leaf, and root biomass accretion of two recently planted (plant height ∼9 cm) sugarcane cultivars. In three pot experiments, flood durations ranged from 0 to 6 wk and flood onsets were after 2 or 4 wk at a 30‐cm water‐table depth. Five treatments also had a second flood onset during the final 4 or 6 wk of each experiment. Increased flood durations often resulted in declines in biomass explained by linear or quadratic models. Compared with ‘CP 89‐2143,’ leaf and stalk biomasses of ‘CP 96‐1252’ were more tolerant of increasing flood durations, but the opposite was true for root biomass. Sugarcane leaf biomass was reduced more by flood onset following 2 rather than 4 wk at a 30‐cm water‐table depth, but stalk and root biomasses were similarly reduced by both flood onsets. Although previous results have indicated that well‐established sugarcane in its grand‐growth phase is tolerant to periodic flooding, our results suggest that the biomass of younger (recently planted) sugarcane is increasingly reduced by flood durations of 0 to 6 wk and that flood onsets after 2 or 4 wk at a 30‐cm water‐table depth are similarly detrimental.
Can a Labile Carbon Test be Used to Predict Crop Responses to Improve Soil Organic Matter Management?
Authors: Lucas S. T. , Weil R. R.
Published: June 2012

Permanganate (KMnO4) oxidizable C (POXC), an estimate of labile soil C, was evaluated for use as a soil test to identify soils that may respond positively to soil organic matter (SOM) management. We hypothesized that soils lower in POXC would be more likely than soils higher in POXC to show increased crop productivity in response to practices that increase SOM. At four sites, paired fields of the same soil but contrasting management history (cropping vs. sod) were studied. Fields with sod history tested higher in total organic C (TOC) and POXC than fields with cropped history. Permanganate‐oxidizable C was strongly related to TOC (r = 0.94). We examined crop stover, grain, and biomass responses to two cover crop treatments within each field: winter rye (Secale cereale L.) or no rye. After at least 1 yr of treatment, there was a significant negative correlation between relative stover response to rye and POXC (r = –0.60) at sites with finer textured soils. After at least 2 yr of treatment, crop responses to rye showed a significant negative correlation with POXC and TOC. The strongest relationships to POXC occurred in the stover response at two sites with finer textured soils (Keedysville: r = –0.74; Holtwood: r = –0.84). Permanganate‐oxidizable C was comparable to TOC at predicting crop responses to rye. These results suggest that POXC may be a useful test for identifying soils where improved SOM management is likely to improve productivity. The rapid, simple POXC methodology enables on‐site or laboratory soil testing.
Cover Crop Mixtures for the Western Corn Belt: Opportunities for Increased Productivity and Stability
Authors: Wortman S. E. , Francis C. A. , Lindquist J. L.
Published: June 2012

Achieving agronomic and environmental benefits associated with cover crops often depends on reliable establishment of a highly productive cover crop community. The objective of this study was to determine if cover crop mixtures can increase productivity and stability compared to single species cover crops, and to identify those components most active in contributing to or detracting from mixture productivity. A rainfed field experiment was conducted near Mead, NE, in 2010 and 2011. Eight individual cover crop species (in either the Brassicaceae [mustard] or Fabaceae [legume] family) and four mixtures of these species (two, four, six, and eight species combinations) were broadcast planted and incorporated in late March and sampled in late May. Shoot dry weights were recorded for sole crops and individual species within all mixtures. Sole crops in the mustard family were twice as productive (2428 kg ha−1) as sole crops in the legume family (1216 kg ha−1), averaged across 2 yr. The land equivalent ratios (LERs) for all mixtures in 2011 were >1.0, indicating mixtures were more productive than the individual components grown as sole crops. Improved performance in mixture may be related to the ecological resilience of mixed species communities in response to extreme weather events, such as hail. Partial LERs of species in the mustard family were consistently greater than those in the legume family, indicating that mustards dominated the mixtures. Results provide the basis for yield‐stability rankings of spring‐sown cover crop species and mixtures for the western Corn Belt.
No‐Till and Strip‐Till Corn Production with Broadcast and Subsurface‐Band Phosphorus and Potassium
Authors: Fernández Fabián G. , White Catherine
Published: June 2012

Fertilizer placement is often designed to improve nutrient availability. Our objective was to determine the effect of P and K rate and placement in no‐till and strip‐till on grain yield; water, P, and K values in the soil; and the distribution of corn (Zea mays L.) roots. A 4‐yr field experiment was setup near Urbana, IL, with a corn–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. Tillage/fertilizer placement was the main plot [no‐till/broadcast (NTBC), no‐till/deep band (NTDB), and strip‐till/deep band (STDB)]; deep band was 15‐cm beneath the crop row. Phosphorus fertilizer rate (0, 12, 24, and 36 kg P ha−1 yr−1) was the subplot, and K‐fertilizer rate (0, 42, 84, and 168 kg K ha−1 yr−1) was the sub‐subplot. Measurements included grain yield and yield components, grain and shoot P and K concentrations, root parameters, and soil‐water, P, and K values. Strip‐till/deep band produced greater kernels row−1 and 9.43 Mg ha−1 yield that was 7.8% greater than NTBC and 7.9% greater than NTDB. Deep banding increased soil P and K test values beneath the crop row and lowered soil surface test values compared with broadcast applications, but had no effect on root distribution. Across treatments, greatest apparent P and K uptake occurred in the surface layer where most roots were present and where precipitation replenished water to a greater extent than deeper layers. Relative to NTBC, STDB had 24% greater apparent‐P and 23% greater apparent‐K uptake rates. The results indicate that improved conditions for nutrient uptake provide a competitive advantage for production with STDB relative to no‐till treatments.
Electro-oxidation of two reactive azo dyes on boron-doped diamond electrode
Authors: Almomani Fares , Baranova Elena A.
Published: June 2012

Electrochemical oxidation (decolorization/degradation) of blue and red commercial reactive azo dyes was carried out on boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode. The effect of various quantities of FeSO4 was investigated in the electro-Fenton reaction on BDD. Progress of dyes degradation during the electrolysis and electro-Fenton reaction was monitored by UV–visible absorption and by estimation of the chemical oxygen demand (COD). Direct electrolysis showed a limiting capacity for red and blue dye removal even at high current densities, e.g. maximum red color and COD removal were 70 and 20%, respectively at 30 mA cm−2 after 300 min. Higher red and blue color removal efficiencies were achieved by electro-Fenton oxidation. Current density of 30 mA cm−2 in the presence of 0.05 mmol/L of FeSO4 resulted in the red color and COD removal of 98 and 96%, respectively. The optimum FeSO4 concentration for the electro-Fenton reaction was determined to be 0.05 mmol/L. Instantaneous current efficiency (ICE) in the presence of FeSO4 was almost three times higher than for experiments carried out without FeSO4.
Remote sensing and GIS techniques for assessment of the soil water content in order to improve agricultural practice and reduce the negative impact on groundwater: case study, agricultural area Ştefan cel Mare, Călăraşi County
Authors: Tevi Giuliano , Tevi Anca
Published: June 2012

Traditional agricultural practices based on non-customized irrigation and soil fertilization are harmful for the environment, and may pose a risk for human health. By continuing the use of these practices, it is not possible to ensure effective land management, which might be acquired by using advanced satellite technology configured for modern agricultural development. The paper presents a methodology based on the correlation between remote sensing data and field observations, aiming to identify the key features and to establish an interpretation pattern for the inhomogeneity highlighted by the remote sensing data. Instead of using classical methods for the evaluation of land features (field analysis, measurements and mapping), the approach is to use high resolution multispectral and hyperspectral methods, in correlation with data processing and geographic information systems (GIS), in order to improve the agricultural practices and mitigate their environmental impact (soil and shallow aquifer).
Applying the least squares method for the titrimetric determination of the concentration of VFA
Authors: Lee Soo Koon , Yeoh Hak Koon , Chua Adeline Seak May , Ngoh Gek Cheng
Published: June 2012

The titrimetric method is used for on-site measurement of the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in anaerobic treatment. In current practice, specific and interpolated pH–volume data points are used to obtain the concentration of VFA by solving simultaneous equations iteratively to convergence (denoted as SEq). Here, the least squares method (LSM) is introduced as an elegant alternative. Known concentrations of VFA (acetic acid and/or propionic acid) ranging from to 200 to 1,000 mg/L were determined using SEq and LSM. Using standard numbers of data points, SEq gave more accurate results compared with LSM. However, results favoured LSM when all data points in the range were included without any interpolation. For model refinement, unit monovalent activity coefficient (fm = 1) was found reasonable and arithmetic averages of dissociation constants and molecular weight of 80 mol% acetic acid were recommended in the model for VFA determination of mixtures. An accurate result was obtained with a mixture containing more VFA (butyric acid and valeric acid). In a typical VFA measurement of real anaerobic effluent, a satisfactory result with an error of 14% was achieved. LSM appears to be a promising mathematical model solver for determination of concentration of VFA in the titrimetric method. Validation of LSM in the presence of other electrolytes deserves further exploration.
Simultaneous determination of several veterinary pharmaceuticals in effluents from urban, livestock and slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plants using a simple chromatographic method
Authors: Cavenati Simone , Carvalho Pedro N. , Almeida C. Marisa R. , Basto M. Clara P. , Vasconcelos M. Teresa S. D.
Published: June 2012

Minocycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, enrofloxacin and ceftiofur, commonly used veterinary pharmaceuticals, were searched in four urban, two livestock and two slaughterhouse effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the north of Portugal. A simple method that includes solid-phase extraction followed with analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector was established and applied to the simultaneous determination of the five pharmaceuticals in WWTP effluents. This method, which is expeditious, inexpensive and available in most laboratories, showed to be useful for screening for problematic levels of drugs in WWTP effluents. It is known that several livestock and slaughterhouse effluents (pre-treated or treated) are discharged to the urban network before discharge into the environment. The presence of these drugs in such effluents can constitute a significant environmental problem that should be addressed, by the monitoring of these drugs and by implementation of methodologies that contribute to their decrease/elimination from wastewaters. Minocycline (≤6 μg L−1), oxytetracycline (≤7 μg L−1), tetracycline (≤6 μg L−1) and enrofloxacin (<2 μg L−1) could be detected and/or quantified in three urban effluents. Detectable levels of enrofloxacin (<2 μg L−1) and quantifiable levels of tetracycline (≤15 μg L−1) were found in the slaughterhouse effluents.
Compound stabilization/solidification of MSWI fly ash with trimercapto-s-triazine and cement
Authors: Xue Qiang , Li Jiangshan , Hu Zhuyun
Published: June 2012

A new treatment technology of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash is presented in this paper. Feasibility of solidification/stabilization treatment of MSWI by successively adding trimercapto-s-triazine and cement, and the effect of addition, fly ash size and curing time were studied by batch tests. The results showed that MSWI posed a huge environmental risk, the partical distribution showed normal distribution approximately. Treatment of fly ash with trimercapto-s-triazine and cement showed a good effect, the leaching toxicity of treated fly ash solidified blocks with 2% trimercapto-s-triazine and 20% cement could meet the standard for pollution control on the landfill site of MSW in China after curing for 7 days, and the flexural strength of solidified blocks could reach 2.4 MPa. Ground fly ash had a positive effect on both leaching toxicity and strength.
Childrearing and the Shaping of Children's Emotional Experiences and Expressions in Two Argentinian Communities
Authors: Remorini Carolina
Published: June 2012

This article analyzes the role of children's social environment in shaping children's emotional expressions. It is based on the findings of an ongoing research study interrogating childrearing practices in two rural populations representing two contrasting ecological contexts in Argentina: Mbya Guarani indigenous communities located in the northeast rainforest (Misiones Province) and creole communities from Molinos (Salta Province), in the highlands and semiarid areas of Argentinean northwest. The focus of this article is on the ways in which adults interpret and respond to children's crying as one manifestation of emotional behavior. This article attempts a comparative analysis of representations, attitudes and behaviors regarding children's crying. It is stressed how discourses of childhood validate some expressions of emotion and restrict and pathologize others. On one hand, parents from both populations not only differ in their tolerance of children's crying but also differ in their evaluation of the difficulties of rearing ‘weeping’ children. On the other hand, in both populations excessive senseless crying represents a risk for children's health as it is considered a symptom of several illnesses. Based on these considerations, at the end of this article each population's ethnotheories of children's appropriate emotional behavior is analyzed, and the implications of these ethnotheories for emotion socialization.
Cultural Variations in Mothers' Intuitive Theories: A Preliminary Report on Interviewing Mothers from Five Nations about Their Socialization of Children's Emotions
Authors: Trommsdorff Gisela , Cole Pamela M. , Heikamp Tobias
Published: June 2012

Parental intuitive theories comprise values, goals, expectations, and cultural beliefs about the nature of parenting and its function for children's development of competence. This article introduces a research design to study mothers' intuitive theories about their socialization of children's emotions, as a means of understanding the cultural meaning of children's emotional development. The intention is not to present a traditional empirical report, but to provide a heuristic for future research. The authors illustrate the basic assumptions, methods, and approach to data analysis used in the research design, using a five-nation cross-cultural study as an example of this methodology. For purposes of illustration, examples of mothers' responses during interviews are included, about their intuitive theories of emotion socialization – that is, their attributions about child behavior, views about their parenting roles and socialization practices, and the salience of particular emotions relative to cultural models of independence and interdependence. This approach provides a more sophisticated sense of cultural similarities and variations within and between nations than has been available in prior research. The importance of parents' intuitive theories for the investigation of the cultural meaning of emotion socialization and future study directions are discussed.
Emotion Socialization and Attachment in Russian Children's Homes
Authors: Stryker Rachael
Published: June 2012

This article examines trends in emotion socialization in Russian children's homes ( detdoma) between 1996 and 2002, with a focus on attachment socialization. It examines the shift between different emotion socialization practices such as ‘toughening attachment’ (purposively non-responsive childcare in institutions) and ‘trading children for childhood’ (the framing of inter-country adoption as the exchange of Russian children to Western adoptive parents for the children's chance at economic success and emotional development). It argues that two central features shaped detdoma workers' attachment socialization of children in the 1990s: the perceived need to 1) socialize children's attachment in an attempt to establish economic and emotional security for children in uncertain times after the fall of the Soviet Union; and 2) shape children's understandings of attachment within transnational contexts as child migration to the West increased over the course of the decade. Investigating attachment socialization within Russian children's homes immediately after the fall of the Soviet Union demonstrates the role of cultural norms, economic transition, and political ideologies in shaping emotion socialization over time. It also highlights how economic and political transition impact taken-for-granted assumptions within child development literature about what constitutes attachment and child love, family or kinship, and domesticity – particularly, parent–child interaction models of emotion socialization.
Interfacial rheology: An overview of measuring techniques and its role in dispersions and electrospinning
Authors: Pelipenko Jan , Kristl Julijana , Rošic Romana , Baumgartner Saša , Kocbek Petra
Published: June 2012

Interfacial rheology: An overview of measuring techniques and its role in dispersions and electrospinning

Interfacial rheological properties have yet to be thoroughly explored. Only recently, methods have been introduced that provide sufficient sensitivity to reliably determine viscoelastic interfacial properties. In general, interfacial rheology describes the relationship between the deformation of an interface and the stresses exerted on it. Due to the variety in deformations of the interfacial layer (shear and expansions or compressions), the field of interfacial rheology is divided into the subcategories of shear and dilatational rheology. While shear rheology is primarily linked to the long-term stability of dispersions, dilatational rheology provides information regarding short-term stability. Interfacial rheological characteristics become relevant in systems with large interfacial areas, such as emulsions and foams, and in processes that lead to a large increase in the interfacial area, such as electrospinning of nanofibers.
Synthesis, antimicrobial and anti-cancer activities of some new N-ethyl, N-benzyl and N-benzoyl-3-indolyl heterocycles
Authors: El-Sawy Eslam , Mandour Adel , Mahmoud Khaled , Islam Inas , Abo-Salem Heba
Published: June 2012

Synthesis, antimicrobial and anti-cancer activities of some newN-ethyl,N-benzyl andN-benzoyl-3-indolyl heterocycles

A series of 1-(N-substituted-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-arylprop-2-ene-1-ones (2a, b-4a, b) were prepared and allowed to react with urea, thiourea or guanidine to give pyrimidine derivatives5a, b-13a, b. Reaction of2a, b-4a, bwith ethyl acetoacetate in the presence of a base gave cyclohexanone derivatives14a, b-16a, b. Reaction of the latter compounds with hydrazine hydrate afforded indazole derivatives17a, b-19a, b. On the other hand, reaction of2a, b-4a, bwith some hydrazine derivatives, namely hydrazine hydrate, acetyl hydrazine, phenylhydrazine and benzylhydrazine hydrochloride, led to the formation of pyrazole derivatives20a, b-31a, b. Moreover, reaction of2a, b-4a, bwith hydroxylamine hydrochloride gave isoxazole derivatives32a, b-34a, b. The newly synthesized compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity and showed that 4-(N-ethyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-6-(p-chlorophenyl)-pyrimidine-2-amine (11b) was the most active of all the test compounds towardsCandida albicanscompared to the reference drug cycloheximide. Eighteen new compounds, namely pyrimidin-2(1H)-ones5a, b-7a, b, pyrimidin-2(1H)-thiones8a, b-10a, band pyrimidin-2-amines11a, b-13a, bderivatives, were tested for theirin vitroantiproliferative activity against HEPG2, MCF7 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines. 4-(N-ethyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-6-(p-methoxyphenyl)-pyrimidin-2-amine (11a)was found to be highly active withIC50of 0.7 μmol L-1.
Tourist Activity of Pensioners in Poland in 2009: A Statistical Analysis
Authors: Bąk Iwona
Published: June 2012

Tourist Activity of Pensioners in Poland in 2009: A Statistical Analysis

The purpose of the article is the analysis of transitory pensioners touristics departures. The research was carried out basing on a representative research result of individual transitory domestic departures in 2009 where pensioners participated in. As investigative instrument the autor chose the multidimensional correspondence analysis. The results of research were presented in a tridimensional area. The Ward's method was used in research due to bif number of variants of analyzed variables. This method permitted the assignment of coherence between variable variants.
Goodness of Fit Tests in Modeling the Distribution of the Daily Rate of Return of the WIG20 Companies
Authors: Bednarz Kamila
Published: June 2012

Goodness of Fit Tests in Modeling the Distribution of the Daily Rate of Return of the WIG20 Companies

In this paper a classic rate of return was examined. Due to a limited quantitative range, the study included only the modeling of the rate of return distribution of the WIG20 index and its companies by means of the Laplace distribution and the Gaussian distribution. Additionally, the goodness of fit tests and methods of estimating the aforementioned distributions parameters were thoroughly covered. When applying the Laplace distribution to modeling the rate of return distribution the parameters were determined by means of two methods: the method of moments and the maximum likelihood method. The maximum period was determined, for which usefulness of the distribution in modeling the rates of return distribution was observed, as well as the results of the chi-square test for class intervals with varying length ensuring equal probability, and for intervals with identical length considering two methods of determining the theoretical size: in accordance with the cumulative distribution function as well as on the basis of the probability density function.
Bifurcation, Chaos and Attractor in the Logistic Competition
Authors: Guzowska Małgorzata
Published: June 2012

Bifurcation, Chaos and Attractor in the Logistic Competition

This paper deals with a two-dimensional discrete time competition model. The corresponding twodimensional iterative map is represented in terms of its bifurcation diagram in the parameter plane. A number of bifurcation sequences for attractors and their basins are studied.
Is the prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatremia higher in female than in male 100-km ultra-marathoners?
Authors: Rüst Christoph Alexander , Knechtle Beat , Joleska Irena , Knechtle Patrizia , Wirth Andrea , Imoberdorf Reinhard , Senn Oliver , Rosemann Thomas
Published: June 2012

Purpose

The prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) has mainly been investigated in male endurance athletes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of EAH in female 100-km ultra-marathoners and to compare them to male ultra-runners since females are considered more at risk of EAH.

Methods

Changes in body mass, hematocrit, [Na+] and [K+] levels in both plasma and urine, plasma volume, urine specific gravity, and the intake of energy, fluids and electrolytes was determined in 24 male and 19 female 100-km ultra-marathoners.

Results

Three male (11%) and one female (5%) ultra-marathoners developed asymptomatic EAH. Body mass decreased, while plasma [Na+], plasma [K+] and hematocrit remained stable in either gender. Plasma volume, urine specific gravity and the potassium-to-sodium ratio in urine increased in either gender. In males, fluid intake was related to running speed (r = 0.50, p = 0.0081), but not to the change in body mass, in post-race plasma [Na+], in the change in hematocrit and in the change in plasma volume. Also in males, the change in hematocrit was related to both the change in plasma [Na+] (r = 0.45, p = 0.0187) and the change in the potassium-to-sodium ratio in urine (r = 0.39, p = 0.044). Sodium intake was neither related to post-race plasma [Na+] nor to the change in plasma volume.

Conclusions

The prevalence of EAH was not higher in female compared to male 100-km ultra-marathoners. Plasma volume and plasma [Na+] were maintained and not related to fluid intake, most probably due to an activation of the reninangiotensin-aldosterone-system.
Factors influencing the number of breeding water birds in Lake Engure, Latvia
Authors: Vīksne Jānis , Janaus Māra , Mednis Aivars
Published: June 2012

Factors influencing the number of breeding water birds in Lake Engure, Latvia

Lake Engure has attracted great interest since the middle of the 19th century when the water level of the lake was lowered by construction of a canal. The lake area decreased from 90 km2to about 45 km2, and favourable conditions were created for development of emergent vegetation (presently covers 58.6% of area). A nature protection regime was established in 1957. The lake was included in the Important Bird Area list in 1994, in the Ramsar lists in 1995, and as part of the Natura 2000 network in 2004. The present paper deals mostly with data collected by the Laboratory of Ornithology, Institute of Biology, in the period 1948-2011. Direct and indirect impacts of climate, human activities, water level, vegetation succession, anthropogenic and natural food and predation on water birds (coot, waders, ducks, larids and grebes), as well as relationships between these water bird groups, were demonstrated. The impact of vegetation succession via overgrowing of meadows with reed and bushes, merging of the mosaic of small stands of emergents into huge reed dominated massives (thus reducing areas of habitats suitable for water birds) is described. The relation of Black-headed Gull population size with availability/unavailability of anthropogenic food and the associated changes in breeding duck numbers, as well as predation structure are discussed.
Project on development on a conceptual integrated model of socioeconomic biodiversity pressures, drivers and impacts for the long-term socioecological research platform of Latvia
Authors: Melecis Viesturs
Published: June 2012

Project on development on a conceptual integrated model of socioeconomic biodiversity pressures, drivers and impacts for the long-term socioecological research platform of Latvia
Development of new winter and spring wheat varieties in Latvia
Authors: Strazdiņa Vija
Published: June 2012

Development of new winter and spring wheat varieties in Latvia

The newest wheat varieties developed at the State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute are winter wheat ‘Fredis’ and spring wheat ‘Uffo‘ and ‘Robijs‘. The winter wheat variety ‘Fredis‘ (‘Donskaya Polukarlikovaya‘/‘Abe‘//‘Lowrin 24‘) was developed from 1986 to 2002. The variety has good winter hardiness (7-9 points), earliness (growing period 212-215 days from 1 January), and average yield is 6.0 t ha -1. Grain quality is suitable mostly for food. The variety was registered in the Latvian Plant Catalogue in 2007 and in the Estonian Plant Catalogue in 2011. In the period from 1992 to 2007, the new spring wheat variety ‘Uffo‘ (Sigma/Eta) was created. Variety ‘Uffo‘ is a mid-early variety, with yield potential 6-8 t ha-1, and moderate lodging resistance (5-7 points). Grain quality is suitable for food and feed. The variety ‘Uffo‘ was included in the Latvian Plant Catalogue in 2008 and in the Estonian Plant Catalogue in 2009. The spring wheat variety ‘Robijs‘, obtained from the crossing combinations Dragon/Anninia//Fasan//Fasan by anther culture, was developed at the State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute in collaboration with the Institute of Biology Latvian University from 2000 to 2007. The variety is a middle-early wheat, and is characteriszed by high yield potential (6-8 t ha-1), moderate resistance to lodging (7 points). It has moderate resistance to powdery mildew (3-5 point) and brown rust (10-25%). The grain quality is suitable for food. The variety was included in the Latvian Plant Catalogue in 2011.
The Anxiety-Buffering Properties of Cultural and Subcultural Worldviews: Terror Management Processes among Juvenile Delinquents
Authors: Baka Lukasz , Derbis Romuald , Maxfield Molly
Published: June 2012

The Anxiety-Buffering Properties of Cultural and Subcultural Worldviews: Terror Management Processes among Juvenile Delinquents

Terror management research indicates that people reminded of mortality strongly affirm values and standards consistent with their cultural worldview and distance themselves from values and standards inconsistent with it. However, limited research has addressed how individuals holding beliefs inconsistent with the dominant worldview cope with death-related anxiety. The present article aims to determine which worldview subcultural groups rely on when reminded of mortality: mainstream or subcultural? Juvenile delinquents living in residential reformatories in Poland were invited to participate in a terror management study examining the anxiety-buffering strategies of individuals belonging to a group largely outside mainstream culture. Following reminders of mortality, juvenile delinquents increased support for values consistent with the mainstream cultural worldview and decreased support for values consistent with the subcultural worldview, as compared to control conditions. The present results suggest that when faced with existential threat, the subcultural worldview does not provide an adequate anxiety buffer, leading members of this subcultural group to display increased identification with mainstream cultural values. Additionally, participants' state anxiety following death reminders was mediated by mainstream cultural worldview defense.
The impact of background category information on the creation of social cliques: The role of need for cognitive closure and decisiveness
Authors: Bukowski Marcin , Sędek Grzegorz , Kossowska Małgorzata , Trejtowicz Mariusz
Published: June 2012

The impact of background category information on the creation of social cliques: The role of need for cognitive closure and decisiveness

This article focuses on the role of need for cognitive closure in the process of mental model creation about social relations (i.e. social cliques). We assumed that high (vs. low) need for closure participants tend to rely on background category information when forming social cliques. We predicted that this tendency to employ categorical information as a mental aid, used in order to form social cliques, would be efficient in simple task structures (where category information overlaps with the mental model structure) but would lead to increased error rates in complex task structures (where category information is inconsistent with the model structure). The results confirmed our predictions, showing especially strong effects for the decisiveness component of need for closure. The importance of individual differences in need for closure and decisiveness in social reasoning is discussed.
Evaluation of Porosity in Al Alloy Die Castings
Authors: Říhová M. , Cech J. , Havlíčková J.
Published: June 2012

Evaluation of Porosity in Al Alloy Die Castings

Mechanical properties of an Al-alloy die casting depend significantly on its structural properties. Porosity in Al-alloy castings is one of the most frequent causes of waste castings. Gas pores are responsible for impaired mechanical-technological properties of cast materials. On the basis of a complex evaluation of experiments conducted on AlSi9Cu3 alloy samples taken from the upper engine block which was die-cast with and without local squeeze casting it can be said that castings manufactured without squeeze casting exhibit maximum porosity in the longitudinal section. The area without local squeeze casting exhibits a certain reduction in mechanical properties and porosity increased to as much as 5%. However, this still meets the norms set by SKODA AUTO a.s.
Utilization of Heat Treatment Aimed to Spheroidization of Eutectic Silicon for Silumin Castings Produced by Squeeze Casting
Authors: Vanko B. , Stanček L.
Published: June 2012

Utilization of Heat Treatment Aimed to Spheroidization of Eutectic Silicon for Silumin Castings Produced by Squeeze Casting

This paper describes the possibility of using very short periods of solution annealing in the heat treatment of unmodified hypoeutectic silumin alloy AlSi7Mg0,3 casted by method of casting with crystallization under pressure with forced convection (direct squeeze casting process). Castings prepared at different casting parameters were subjected to special heat treatment called SST (Silicon Spheroidization Treatment), which were originally used only for the modified silumin alloys to spheroidization of eutectic silicon. Temperature holding time in solution annealing of T6 heat treatment is limited in the SST process to only a few minutes. It was studied the effect of casting parameters and periods of solution annealing on ultimate strength, yield strength, and especially ductility that in the unmodified silumin alloy castings is relatively low.
Fracture of the Inferior Pole of the Patella
Authors: Allen Chris , Jin Lisa M.
Published: June 2012

The patient was a 19-year-old woman serving in the military at a remote location. She presented to a medical aid station with a chief complaint of right anterior knee pain after falling 3 hours prior from a height of 3 m and landing directly on the anterior aspect of her right knee.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(7):658. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.0412