bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal bases of activity of law enforcement bodies in the field of security in border areas of Ukraine
Authors: Nikitenko O.I.
Published: August 2021

This article is intended for the theoretical foundations of the strategy of security in the border areas of Ukraine by law enforcement agencies. Law enforcement agencies are existing in society and the state institutions and organizations that perform law enforcement and law enforcement functions whose main task is to ensure security in the border areas of Ukraine. At the current stage of development of Ukraine as a democratic social and legal state, taking into account the recent global changes in the world, the development of law enforcement agencies to ensure national and internal security from internal and external threats is one of the priorities of European policy. The choice of the population of Ukraine highlighted the problem of implementation of ratified agreements with the European Union, including the provisions of the European Charter in the field of security in the border areas of the state, as important components of the political and legal system of Ukraine. Ensuring state security, protection of the state border and protection in the border area of Ukraine in accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine is entrusted to military formations and law enforcement agencies of the state. The state pays special attention to improving the legislation in the field of administrative and legal regulation in the field of national and internal security of the state from internal and external threats. The formation of the scientific doctrine of the scientific order in Ukraine has its own difficult history. Maintaining and strengthening the rule of law in society in modern conditions, as a necessary prerequisite for the effective functioning of an extensive human rights mechanism with the participation of state institutions, law enforcement agencies, civil society require thorough doctrinal support.
Entrepreneurial education and individual entrepreneurial orientation: an experts’ perspective. An empirical Delphi study
Authors: Teles Daniella Da Silva , Nieuwenhuizen Cecile , Schachtebeck Chris
Published: August 2021

Individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) has been defined as the ability to psychologically understand the reasons why individuals choose to engage in entrepreneurial activities. However, for individuals to start these much-needed business ventures, they must be oriented to do so upon completion of their studies. Entrepreneurial education (EE) might directly influence whether students decide to pursue an entrepreneurial venture based on the knowledge and skills, which they feel they have accumulated through their studies. A Delphi study was performed to determine how the EE, being received by university students, in the context of Scotland and South Africa, may influence them to choose an entrepreneurial career. The data were obtained from 16 academic experts, eight from South African universities and eight from Scottish universities. The data were analysed using thematic content analysis. IEO has been studied using the five original dimensions, namely, innovativeness, risk-taking, proactiveness, autonomy, and competitive aggressiveness. However, the results reveal that only three of the five IEO dimensions are prevalent when aligning to a student’s entrepreneurial behaviour. The results also reveal that EE should ensure that practical teachings receive more attention than theoretical teachings. This study may assist universities to better prepare their curriculums to include teachings that will improve the IEO of students.
Reflecting the theatralization of life in the prospects of transhumanism
Authors: Prokopovych Lada
Published: August 2021

The crisis state of society at the beginning of the 21st century is increasingly described as chaos. At the same time, the desire of people to theatricalization of many types of their activities remains unchanged. This gives grounds to consider the theatricality of being as a sociocultural constant, immanently inherent in humanity. The fact that it persists even during periods of cardinal changes, social transformations, civilizational shifts, breaking cultural stereotypes, destruction of traditional institutions and discreditation of established ideals can be explained by the fact that theatricalization of life allows people to cope with sociopsychological discomfort and existential fears, caused by the feeling of total chaos. At the same time, people are faced with the problem of increasingly complex self-identification, which is largely facilitated by the ideas of transhumanism, which actively shatter the already weak notions of what a human being is. One of the approaches to solving this scientific problem is proposed to consider human activity in the context of theatricality of being.

The purpose of the article is to comprehend the practice of theatricalization of various types of human activity in the context of the ideas of transhumanism. The methodological strategy of this research is based on the concept of theatricality of socio-communicative manifestations of culture. Analysis of the theoretical material showed that in the conditions of transhumanism, the development of criteria that make it possible to determine whether a human is still a human or has already turned into something else becomes an urgent task. One of these markers is proposed to consider the desire of a human to theatricalization of various types of their activities. Being one of the sociocultural constants immanently inherent in humanity, theatricality will be present in people's lives as long as they remain human, as long as they feel the need to articulate their social communication.
The development of program of experimental research on the formation of intercultural competence of higher military educational institutions cadets during foreign language training
Authors: Nechyporuk Nataliia
Published: August 2021

In accordance with the European and world tendencies of professional training of military personnel, it is mandatory to emphasize the problem of forming the intercultural competence among cadets of higher military educational institutions. The process of formation of such a competence should be experimentally approved.

The general approaches to the structure of the experimental research program are analyzed and the necessity of a systematic approach to the formulation of the principles of scientific research, which are a means of proving the research hypothesis, is substantiated.

The program of the pedagogical experiment, aimed at testing the hypothesis, is described, which assumes that the level of intercultural competence of cadets of higher military educational institutions increases under the condition of involvement in the process of active communication by means of intercultural dialogue in the process of learning foreign languages, which reproduces the substantive and social content of professional competences in the process of mastering cultural knowledge and communication skills during reproductive, cognitive-exploratory, research and creative activities.

Tasks, stages, methods of experimental research are characterized. The stages and directions of introduction of the author's model of formation of intercultural competence of higher military educational institutions cadets in the process of foreign language training in accordance with structural components (motivational-value, cognitive-linguistic, communicative-strategic and evaluative-reflexive) are revealed.
The reasons of unsatisfactory results of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in patients with ureterolithiasis
Authors: Vozianov Oleksandr
Published: August 2021

The article dedicate to the problem of failure of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in patients with ureterolithiasis and reveal the changes which appear in the ureter in the location of the stone.The aim. Analysis of the results of treatment in patients, suffering ureteric stones, using the ureterolithotripsy procedure after failure extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy.

Materials and methods. In 137 patients with ureteric stones, whom ureterolithotripsy procedure after failure extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy was conducted, the symptoms of the disease, the diagnostic methods value, efficacy of surgical treatment and reasons of the failure of previous method of treatment were analyzed.

Results. In 135 patients endoscopic removal of stones has been succeeded, in 2 patients because of total obliteration of the ureter, uretero-ureteral anastomosis has been performed. If the symptoms, with are characteristic of ureterolithiasis, persists up to one week stones don’t cause significant macroscopic changes to the ureter wall. If the stone persists in the ureter longer than a week we identified local appearing of oedema. Long–term (more than two months) ureteric stone persistence increase the risk of intramucosal “ingrowth” of the calculi greatly.

Conclusion. The URS and ESWL are high effective and minimal invasive methods of surgical intervention for patients with ureterolithiasis, guaranteeing high level of postoperative “stone free rate”. Prolongation of the stone insertion time in the ureter causes the ureteric wall changes, complicating performance of minimal invasive interventions (ureterolithotripsy and extracorporeal shock–wave lithotripsy) and reduce its efficacy.
Synchronous multiple primary malignant neoplasms: a case report of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma and neuroendocrine rectal tumor
Authors: Bondar Oleksandr , Chetverikov Sergiі , Maksymovskyi Viacheslav , Atanasov Dmytro , Chetverikov Mykhailo , Chetverikova-Ovchynnyk Valeriia
Published: August 2021

We report a rare case of synchronous malignant peritoneal mesothelioma of the biphasic histological type and neuroendocrine tumor (NET) of the rectum without history of asbestos exposure.

During 2 years since manifestation of the disease the patient underwent 3 cytoreductive surgeries (CRS): removal of the tumor of the sigmoid mesentery, resection of the rectosigmoid junction completeness of cytoreduction (CC) 0 (2017), omentectomy and partial parietal peritonectomy CC-0 (2017), atypical resection of S2, S4, S5 liver, the removal of the abdominal tumor with left-sided en-block hemicolectomy, partial parietal peritonectomy, argon-plasma coagulation of tumor foci on the mesentery of the small intestine CC-2 (2018) and Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery-removal of neuroendocrine rectal tumor (2017). The patient underwent hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) twice (during 2nd and 3rd CRS). Different regimens of HIPEC were performed: cisplatin + doxorubicin (2017) and metamycin C (2018). The patient received 4 courses of adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin plus pemetrexed in 2017 and 3 courses of the chemotherapy with gemcitabine and carboplatin plus bevacizumab in 2018.

The patient survived 21 months after the detection of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma in 2017 and died 4 months after the last cytoreductive surgery from the progression of the disease.

Histological subtype of MPMP remains important factor in the prognosis of the disease even on the early stages though patient had received the most aggressive variant of special treatment. Minimally invasive treatment tactics of NET demonstrated clinical effectiveness.
Study of biological and ecological features of permanent ectoparasites of cattle
Authors: Proskurina Iryna , Nahorna Liudmyla
Published: August 2021

The aim of the research was to study the epizootological features of bovicolosis and sifunculatosis and to determine their biological features.

Materials and methods. Eight groups of animals were examined, 15 animals in each, including cows, heifers and calves. Groups of calves consisted of 13 heifers and 17 bulls. A total of 103 females and 17 male cattle were examined.

Results. During observations, it was noted that in most cases, certain species of ectoparasites were found on different animals. In the case of their simultaneous parasitism on one animal, populations occupied different parts of the host's body. The causative agents of sifunculatosis (L. vituli) and bovicolosis (B. bovis) were determined.

During the study of epizootological features of sifunculatosis and bovicolosis, attention was paid to the seasonality of the invasion – the minimum intensity of the invasion was observed in the warm season, the maximum – in winter. The extent of invasion among calves reached 100 %.

The biological features of ectoparasites were studied. According to the data obtained, it was determined that linognathus are greater than B. bovis at all stages of development. Egg size 0.8–0.9 mm, larvae go through all stages of molting from 0.7 mm to 3.3 mm, adults reach a size of 3.3–4.0 mm. However, the eggs of B. bovis reached 0.3–0.5 mm, the size of the larvae 0.4–1.0 mm, adults ranged from 1 mm to 1.8 mm.

Conclusions. It was noted that the intensity of the infestation of bovicolosis and sifunculatosis increases in the cold season. The young are most prone to lesions.
Comparative assessment of spray nozzles efficacy in the control of fusarium head blight in the barley crops using developed quantitative PCR assay
Authors: Hrytsev Oleh , Liudvinovskyi Oleg , Shevchenko Julia , Dzhagan Veronika , Skivka  Larysa
Published: August 2021

Fusarium species infect cereal spikes during anthesis and cause Fusarium head blight (FHB), a destructive disease of cereal crops with worldwide economic relevance. The necessity for these phytopathogenic fungi effective control becomes increasingly important for the production of both cultivated plants and those plants seeds. Fungicide application is a key methodology for controlling the disease development and mycotoxin contamination in cereals. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is currently the most commonly admitted DNA-based technology for specific, rapid and precise Fusarium detection. We have developed and patented the method for detection and quantitative determination of phytopathogenic fungi F. avenaceum and F. graminearum in plant seeds using Real-Time PCR with a pair of primers, designed to amplify sequences of the internal transcribed spacer at the ribosomal RNA gene cluster of those phytopathogenic fungi. This study was aimed to perform a comparative assessment of the efficacy of different spray nozzles for antifungal treatment to control F. avenaceum and F. graminearum infection of barley grains using a developed qPCR diagnostic system. A single application of a fungicide (active ingredient's content: 250 g/l propiconazole, 80 g/l cyproconazole) at BBCH 65 (middle of flowering) was carried out. For this purpose, four spray nozzles with different technical characteristics were used: Flat Fan 030, Amistar 030, Defy 3D 030 and Vegetable 060 (Pentair, USA). DNA-based fungi detection and identification was performed using conventional PCR and developed qPCR. The level of mycotoxins in barley grain was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Grain count in the ear of barley and thousand seed weight (TSW) were also examined.

A single application of the fungicide inhibited the development of FHB and is accompanied by the slight increase of TSW values in treated plants. It was found, that the most effective fungicide was against F. avenaceum and F. graminearum. The inhibitory effect depended on sprayer type. According to qPCR results, the best performance was achieved when using Amistar 030 and Flat Fan (FF) 030 sprayers. The average concentration of deoxynivalenol (DON) content in all barley grain samples were up to 4 times higher than the permissible level. Overall, because of the high contamination levels, found in tested samples, it is possible to state that a single application of the fungicide at the flowering phase was not able to effectively reduce DON contamination in barley samples.

The developed test-system for qPCR provides new important information in the study of the effectiveness of fungicides and development of strategies to control FHB in cereals, not achievable with conventional PCR.
Analysis of the use of industrial crossbreeding to improve the profitability of the pig industry
Authors: Bashchenko Mikhail , Boyko Alexander , Vaschenko Alexander
Published: August 2021

The aim of the research was to conduct an economic assessment of the use of industrial crossbreeding in the pig industry.

The study was carried out in LLC "Mayak-Agro" (Ukraine) and in the laboratories of the Cherkasy National University named after Bohdan Khmelnitsky and the Cherkasy Experimental Station of Bioresources of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Ukrainian breeds of pigs were used: (Ukrainian BigWhite-1 (UBW-1), Red White-Belt (RWB) and Duroc of the Ukrainian selection "Steppe" (DUSS)). Breeds of English origin: (Big White (EBW), Landrace (L), Pietrain (P)). Crossbreeds, obtained by crossing the breeds, mentioned above. A comprehensive assessment of the reproductive capacity of a sow was carried out taking into account multiple births, the number of piglets at one month of age and the average daily gain during this period. Growth and development were monitored in terms of changes in live weight by individual weighing at birth and every month to a live weight of 100 and 120 kg.

Regardless of maternal form, in the groups where boars of the breeds Red White-Belt and Pietrain were used, higher indicators of comprehensive assessment of reproductive capacity were obtained. The best fattening qualities characterized piglets, obtained from a combination of sows (1/2UBW-1+1/2L) with boars of the Pietrain breed (P). In comparison with other variants of crosses, in this group the animals reached a live weight of 100 kg 7.6 days earlier. Their feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain were 3.33 feed units, which corresponds to the expected figure of 3.34 feed units when fattening up to 100 kg in 170 days. In terms of industrial pork production, breeding of animals of the group (1/4UBW-1+1/4L+1/2P) was more profitable, in which the highest level of profitability was obtained - 22.3 % for fattening up to 100 kg and 12.5 % for fattening up to 120 kg. Cultivation of three-breed hybrids to a live weight of over 100 kg led to a decrease in profitability among all research groups. The use of the genotype 1/4UBW-1+1/4L+1/2P in industrial production makes it possible to obtain animals of various weight conditions without significant additional costs and profitability level reduction.

In the course of the research, it was found, that the best option for three-breed crossing is the use of boars of the Pietrain and Red White-Belt breeds. The use of boars of these breeds is ideal for producers looking for bacon pork. The use of boars of the Duroc breed of the Ukrainian selection "Steppe" (DUSS) makes it possible to obtain fatty pork with the possibility of fattening to different weight categories.
Survey of plant growth promoting and antagonistic traits in winter wheat grain endophytic bacteria
Authors: Pastoshchuk Alina , Yumyna Yuliia , Zelena Pavlyna , Skivka Larysa
Published: August 2021

The aim of this work was to isolate endophytic bacteria from wheat grains and to evaluate their plant growth promoting traits (PGPT) as well as an inhibitory effect on P. syringae pv. atrofaciens (McCulloch) growth. Endophytic bacteria were isolated by a culture-dependent protocol from the grains of winter wheat variety of Ukrainian selection Podolyanka with high resistance to syringae. Totally 2.7±0.09 CFU/1 g of dry wheat grain were isolated, ten cultivable bacterial isolates were obtained. Spore-forming bacilli predominated in the wheat grain endophytic community. Gram-negative fermenting and non-fermenting rod-shaped bacteria and Gram-positive cocci were also present. Seven out of ten isolates possessed numerous plant growth promoting traits including phosphate solubilization, oligonitrotrophy, and indolic compound producing. Two isolates possessed antagoniscic activity against syringae in vitro along with plant growth promoting features. According to biochemical profiling and mass-spectrophotometric identification, these two isolates were assigned to Paenibacillus and Brevibacillus genera. These endophytic bacteria can be considered as promising objects for agrobiotechnology. However, more research is needed to confirm their biotechnological potential in planta experiments
Bio protectors’ effect on the composition of some amino acids under alcohol-induced oxidative stress
Authors: Kalachniuk Liliia , Fedyshyn Petro , Smirnov Oleh , Prys-Kadenko Viktoriia , Palonko Roman , Arnauta Oleksii
Published: August 2021

The studies, which may reveal some elements of regulation between the metabolic processes of proteins (at the level of translation and changes in the amino acid spectrum) as well as catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates under conditions of pathological deviations of the functioning of the animal organism, are promising, and the search for protective substances of a different nature is necessary.

The aim is to study and analyze a bio protectors’ effect on the composition of some amino acids under alcohol-induced oxidative stress.

During the experimental period, changes in the body weight of rats confirm the depressant effect of alcohol on the dynamics of weight gain of animals during their growth and development, and the positive protective effect of betaine and additives (protein+minerals).

The increased activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltransferase in the blood serum of rats in experimental groups of animals with the absence of protectors’ substances in the diet indicates a deviation in the functional capacity of the liver. The determined indices of the content of creatinine and urea were increased significantly that points out on possible pathological deviation of the kidney. Under alcohol substances, changes of such biochemical indexes value as lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, and the content of malonic dialdehyde indicate oxidative stress. In the case of bio protectors’ presence, values of biochemical parameters become to ones in the animals of control groups.

It was observed, that betaine has a higher potential for the correction of the above pathological abnormalities than protein-containing additives with minerals in the form of chelate, but the last is perspective for further study and their use as a raw material for the development of more complex bio protectors
Análisis de los factores que determinan la ocupación de cajas-nido para aves insectívoras en parques urbanos de Donostia/San Sebastián.
Authors: Laso Maite , Iturriotz Urtzi , Delgado Sergio , Zorrozua Nere , Pagaldai Nerea , Díaz Beñat , Arizaga Juan
Published: August 2021

Las cajas-nido constituyen una herramienta muy útil para el desarrollo de diversos estudios en aves, pues permiten el diseño experimental y la comparación de muestras sometidas a distintos tratamientos o localizaciones. Igualmente, son útiles para la conservación de aves en hábitats con muy poco arbolado maduro, como ocurre en muchos parques urbanos. Con el fin de impulsar la biodiversidad en el ámbito urbano, la Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi inició en 2018 el proyecto Hirilife, entre cuyas acciones estaba la colocación de cajasnido para aves paseriformes insectívoras en arbolado en calles, paseos y parques urbanos de la ciudad de San Sebastián. Este artículo se presenta con el fin de (1) determinar la tasa de ocupación de estas cajas-nido; y (2) explorar los factores que condicionan esta ocupación, con el fin de establecer, a futuro, una guía de buenas prácticas orientada a optimizar su colocación. A lo largo de la primavera de 2020 se revisaron 202 cajas en total, de las 220 que se habían colocado. Se ocuparon un total de 91 (45%). La tasa de ocupación, no obstante, varió significativamente entre zonas. Las cajas en las que se pudo determinar la especie fueron ocupadas por dos especies de páridos: el herrerillo común Cyanistes caeruleus y el carbonero común Parus major. Se observa una dominancia del carbonero común (31 versus 10 cajas; el resto se corresponde con las que no se pudo determinar la especie). Según los modelos las cajas son ocupadas con más probabilidad cuando se sitúan en entornos con una gran cantidad de hábitat natural.
Parameter optimization and performance analysis of nanofiltration membrane in treatment of compound-contaminated high-hardness water
Authors: Li Guifang , Gao Yuting , Song Wuchang , Xu Fei , Wang Yonglei , Sun Shaohua , Jia Ruibao
Published: August 2021

Increased pollution caused by socio-economic development has led to compound-contaminated high-hardness water pollution. In this study, laboratory-scale nanofiltration (NF) treatment of such water was investigated. Response-surface methodology was used to optimize the NF operating parameters, and a regression model with desalination rate and transmembrane pressure changes as response values was established. The NF membrane efficiencies in contaminant removal from groundwater and surface water with compound-contaminated high hardness and the membrane-fouling characteristics during long-term operation were investigated. The results show that the optimal operating parameters for the NF membrane in the removal of inorganic salts from groundwater are as follows: influent pH 8, influent pressure 1 MPa, and water yield 27.976%. The removal rates for groundwater total hardness, total alkalinity, total soluble solids, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, , Cl−, , and were 99.4, 90.3, 84.7, 63.2, 56.8, 99.6, 95.2, 99.6, 68.3, 86.1, and 65.9%, respectively. Surface water contains more complex components; therefore, membrane fouling during surface water is more serious. The NF membrane was operated continuously for more than 35 days under the optimal operating conditions with no serious membrane fouling.
Analysis of different condensing surfaces for dew harvesting
Authors: Corraide da Silva Larissa , Oliveira Filho Delly , Acioli Imbuzeiro Hewlley Maria , Barros Monteiro Paulo Marcos
Published: August 2021

Due to water shortages in several places in the world, alternative water sources such as atmospheric water and greywater have been studied. Dew water harvesting by passive radiative cooling is an unconventional water source that is easy to use, install, and shows great potential in several places in the world. This paper aims to experimentally evaluate the dew yield through passive radiative cooling in Vicosa city, Minas Gerais, Brazil by using standard white plastic for dew harvesting, developed by the International Organization for Dew Utilization (OPUR), polypropylene plastic, black plastic, packaging tape, and anodized aluminum as condensing surfaces during two different periods. The polypropylene plastic and packing tape materials used in this present research have not been researched before in the literature. However, they have demonstrated potential for harvesting dew. As a result, the average water collected was, respectively, 0.151, 0.135, 0.140, 0.127, and 0.046 mm/night using the OPUR standard plastic, polypropylene plastic, black plastic, and packaging tape, and anodized aluminum as condensing surfaces. Although relatively small water volumes were harvested, this water should not be neglected since it can supplement the water demand for irrigation, human and animal consumption, among other uses in drought periods.
Multi-station artificial intelligence based ensemble modeling of suspended sediment load
Authors: Nourani Vahid , Kheiri Ali , Behfar Nazanin
Published: August 2021

In this study, Artificial Intelligence (AI) models along with ensemble techniques were employed for predicting suspended sediment load (SSL) via single station and multi-station scenarios. Feed Forward Neural Networks (FFNNs), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), and Support Vector Regression (SVR) were the employed AI models, and simple averaging (SA), weighted averaging (WA), and neural averaging (NA) were the ensemble techniques developed for combining the outputs of the individual AI models to gain more accurate estimations of the SSL. For this purpose, twenty-year observed streamflow and SSL data of three gauging stations, located in the Missouri and Upper Mississippi regions were utilized at both daily and monthly scales. The obtained results of both scenarios indicated the supremacy of ensemble techniques to single AI models. The neural ensemble demonstrated more reliable performance compared to other ensemble techniques. For instance, in the first scenario, the ensemble technique increased the predicted results up to 20% in the verification phase of the daily and monthly modeling and up to 5 and 8%, respectively, in the verification step of the second scenario.
A Meta-analysis of Language Abilities and Executive Function for Children with Cochlear Implants
Authors: Yang Yoonhee , Yim Dongsun
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the differences in language ability and executive functions of children with cochlear implants (CI) and their peer normal hearing (NH) children, and to find out whether the auditory history (duration of CI use, age at implantation) of CI group plays a role as a moderator in controlling the effect size of the differences of the CI and NH groups. A total of 77 articles were searched, 11 studies which met the inclusive and exclusive criteria were selected from three electronic databases (Academic Search Complete, PsycInfo, PubMed). As a result, significant differences were identified in language ability and the five executive function subtypes (working memory, inhibition, shifting, emotion control, and sustained sequential processing) between two groups. But, the hearing history of CI group (duration of CI use, age at implantation) did not appear as a significant moderator. In conclusion, CI children’s language ability and executive function should be precisely monitored and regularly evaluated. In addition, we discussed the possibility that some executive function abilities (plan/organize, attention, and visuo-spatial organization) will remain in CI group. For the follow-up study, we need to identify various factors that support the CI children.
A Study for Composition and Comparison of the Music Perception Tests for Normal Hearing and Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Lee Eunsung , Shin Yerim , Jo Sungmin , Kim Jinsook
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compose the test for music perception and analyze the characteristic of cochlear implant users’ music perception.Methods: The test was made up with the pitch, melody, and timbre factors, using three low and high frequencies, six music genres, and four types of musical instruments correspondingly. The tests were conducted to 10 normal-hearing (NH) young adults and 10 young cochlear-implant (CI) users.Results: All the music perception tests showed significant differences between NH and CI group [F(1, 4) = 0.018, p = 0.019]. In the pitch test, CI group showed significantly lower correction rate(51.3%) than NH group (82.7%) did with higher correction rates in low frequencies. In the melody test, CI group showed significantly lower correction rate (29.7%) than NH group (95.8%) did with the highest performance in folk songs (51.7%). In the timbre test, CI group showed significantly reduced performance (22.5%) than NH group (65.8%) did. For both CI and NH groups, the pitched percussion showed the highest scores (45% and 100%) while the woodwind showed the lowest scores (13.3% and 48.3%).Conclusion: Out of three tests, CI group showed better performance in pitch perception than melody and timber perception. CI group showed better performances in low pitch sounds, melodies of familiar genre, and sound of pitched percussion instruments’ timber showing complicated music perception ability. To enhance the music perception ability for CI users by aural rehabilitation, more specified and systematic music perception test material should be developed.
Auditory Training for Spatial Hearing Loss: Two Case Reports of the Older Adults Who Wear Hearing Aids
Authors: Shin Joon , Bahng Junghwa
Published: August 2021

The elderly with hearing loss have often experienced spatial hearing deficits when only wearing hearing aids. This case study aimed to investigate whether auditory training for spatial hearing loss could improve the spatial hearing ability of the elderly who wear hearing aids. Two older adults (males, aged 75 years and 78 years) who were wearing bilateral hearing aids participated. They had symmetric sensorineural hearing loss. A total of 16 auditory-training sessions (40 minutes, twice per week) for auditory training for spatial hearing ability provided. For outcome measurements, we assessed speech reception thresholds (SRTs) and spatial release from masking (SRM), using two types of noise, steady-state noise and speech-like noise at pre- and post-auditory training. Both subjects increased SRTs after the auditory training, but the SRM of only one participant improved. Also, there were no masking effects for SRM in terms of noise types. Both subjects reported that their trained hearing skills helped in communication with their families and friends. These results suggested that audiologists can consider auditory training for focusing on the spatial hearing loss for the elderly hearing aids users.
Comparison of Domestic and Foreign Audiologist Education Status and Qualification System
Authors: Jin In-Ki , Oh Soo Hee
Published: August 2021

Audiologists are experts in providing specialized treatment for evaluating and managing hearing loss through hearing technology. The purpose of this study is to review the education status of major foreign countries regarding the training of audiologists, their certification management systems, and the audiology education regulations according to international standards; this study compares these with the domestic (i.e., Republic of Korea) education status, certification management system, and audiology education regulations. The regulations, reports, and official documents related to domestic and overseas regarding audiology systems were reviewed and compared. The domestic audiologist education and qualification system is in fair conformity with foreign countries and international standards, but there are areas that need to be improved. If the domestic audiologist qualification system is improved to comply with advanced foreign national audiologist qualification systems and international standards, it will be possible to cultivate a more professional domestic audiologist workforce.
К теории генерации нелинейного фотоакустического сигнала при газомикрофонной регистрации
Authors: Салихов Т.Х. , Мадвалиев У. , Шарифов Д.М. , Туйчиев Х.Ш.
Published: August 2021

A theory is proposed for of the generation of the first two harmonics of a nonlinear photoacoustic signal of a solids sample with an arbitrary value of thermal conductivity. For limiting cases (thermally thin and thick samples) has been obtained simple expressions for the dependence of the amplitude of the excited photoacoustic signal from the emissivity of the sample and the thermophysical parameters of the sample, gas and substrates, including their thermal coefficients.
Два связанных квазипериодических генератора, возбуждаемых гармоническим сигналом
Authors: Кузнецов А.П. , Седова Ю.В. , Станкевич Н.В.
Published: August 2021

A system of two dissipatively coupled generators, which can exhibit autonomous quasiperiodic oscillations, excited by a harmonic signal, is studied. Lyapunov charts are presented that reveal the regimes of invariant tori of different dimensions and chaos. Phase portraits in stroboscopic section and double Poincare section are presented. The coexistence of different regimes, in particular, the bifurcations of invariant tori, is discussed.
О происхождении цепочек каверн во вращающемся потоке между цилиндрами
Authors: Амромин Э.Л.
Published: August 2021

Cavitation between rotating and immobile cylinders appears in the form of a regular chain of bubbles. The bubble sizes are practically equal, as well as the distances between the bubbles and their azimuthal locations. Though such a form of cavitation has been observed in numerous experiments (in particular, in the experiments with bearings), its nature was not clarified. The presented analysis shows that breakdown of the flow axial symmetry due to displacement of the axis of one of cylinders leads to the regular wave-similar three-dimensional flow perturbations. Their “wavelength” is predetermined by the minimal gap between cylinders. Though the flow between cylinders is not curl-free, these perturbations can be determined with the use of a velocity potential.
Эрозия катода в газовом дуговом разряде в области пороговых токов
Authors: Мурзакаев А.М.
Published: August 2021

The results of experimental studies of the erosion rate of high-purity tungsten cathodes after pulsed arc discharges in a pure oil-free ultrahigh vacuum and in gases of various purities are reported. The erosion rate in high-purity argon does not change compared to the rate of erosion of electrodes in a pure oil-free vacuum. The rate of erosion in "technical" argon is 10% less than the rate of erosion of electrodes in an oil-free vacuum. The rate of erosion in "technical" nitrogen is 15-35% less than the rate of erosion of electrodes in vacuum. Particle sizes formed in gas arcs are smaller than those formed in vacuum arcs.
Эволюция массотранспортных свойств структурно-модифицированных электродов для топливных элементов и электролизеров воды
Authors: Глебова Н.В. , Краснова А.О. , Нечитайлов А.А.
Published: August 2021

The method of a disk electrode (stationary and rotating) was used to study the regularities of changes in the mass transport properties of composite electrodes containing platinum nanoparticles on carbon black, the addition of carbon material with various forms of structural elements (three-dimensional and pseudo-one-dimensional carbon nanotubes with different length-to-diameter ratios), and the proton-exchange polymer Nafion. The transport of molecular oxygen inside a porous electrode to the platinum surface is investigated. Mechanisms for changing the mass transport properties of structurally modified electrodes in the course of electrochemical action are proposed.
Исследование скоростных зависимостей напряжения пластического течения и разрушения стали 09Г2СА-А при нормальной и повышенной температурах
Authors: Канель Г.И. , Гаркушин Г.В. , Савиных А.С. , Разоренов С.В. , Атрошенко С.А.
Published: August 2021

The Hugoniot elastic limit and spall strength of reactor steel 09G2SA-A under shock compression were measured by recording and subsequent analysis of the wave profiles. The temperature-rate dependences of the resistance to high-strain rate and fracture of steel at normal and elevated temperatures are determined. The results of measurements of the strength characteristics of steel under spall are supplemented by a metallographic analysis of the fracture zone and compared with data for 15Kh2NMFA reactor steel and Armco iron.
Ударно-волновой полиморфный переход в пористом графите
Authors: Кинеловский С.А.
Published: August 2021

For the polymorphic transformation of porous graphite in the shock, the previously proposed model linking the process of graphite phase transition with a change in the elastic energy of a substance has been tested. It is shown that the model plausibly describes the experimental results outside the transition zone in a fairly wide range of changes in the porosity of samples with their different initial structure. It is discussed how the model under consideration changes the currently existing ideas about the thermodynamics of the polymorphic transition of matter in a shock wave.
Сопоставление методов компенсации поляризационного фединга волоконно-оптических линий передачи аналоговых широкополосных сигналов по вносимым шумам и достижимому динамическому диапазону
Authors: Лебедев В.В. , Петров А.Н. , Парфенов М.В. , Величко Е.Н. , Шамрай А.В.
Published: August 2021

Рассмотрены два метода компенсации поляризационного фединга в волоконно-оптических линиях передачи аналоговых сигналов на основе использования ортогональных поляризационных компонентов оптического излучения и с активной подстройкой состояния поляризации. Проведено сравнение шумовых характеристик рассматриваемых методов и проанализированы факторы, ограничивающие динамический диапазон передачи широкополосных сигналов на примере радиофотонной линии с удаленным внешним электрооптическим модулятором. Для волоконно-оптической линии длиной 1000 m показана возможность достижения динамического диапазона, свободного от нелинейных искажений третьего порядка SFDR3~ 116 dB Hz-2/3, близкого к пределу, ограниченному дробовым шумом. Ключевые слова: оптическая поляризация, поляризационный фединг, волоконно-оптические линии связи, оптический шум, динамический диапазон, балансное детектирование, радиофотоника, интегрально-оптический модулятор, поляризационный контроль.
Токовые характеристики сильноточной электронной пушки с многоканальным инициированием взрывной эмиссии пробоем по поверхности диэлектрика
Authors: Петров В.И. , Кизириди П.П. , Озур Г.Е.
Published: August 2021

Current characteristics of a plasma-filled, high-current electron gun with a new cathode assembly which can be named as a controlled explosive-emission cathode have been investigated. Multi-gap initiation of explosive emission is performed with the use of parallel operated, resistively decoupled arc plasma sources which electrodes and tube ceramic isolators are built-in to the explosive-emission cathode. The initiation of explosive emission was performed using 69 operating in parallel arc plasma sources whose electrodes and tubular ceramic insulators are inserted to the disk explosive-emission cathode. Experiments have demonstrated operability of high-current electron gun with a new cathode assembly at accelerating voltage up to 30 kV and its good emissivity (average in area current density) which was approximately 1.4–2.4 times higher than an emissivity of traditional electron gun with plasma anode and multi-wire copper cathode.
Влияние контактной разности потенциалов на вольт-амперные характеристики в сканирующей туннельной спектроскопии
Authors: Кузьмин М.В. , Митцев М.А.
Published: August 2021

Using the energy diagrams of asymmetric potential barriers formed at the contact of two metals with different work functions, the influence of contact potential difference on the current-voltage characteristics and differential conductivity spectra measured by scanning tunneling spectroscopy is considered. It is shown that the obtained conclusions are in qualitative agreement with the experimental results for ytterbium nanofilms with the thickness of 16 monolayers (6.08 nm). However, they significantly differ quantitatively. The analysis of such diffrences is performed.
Влияние конструктивизма на дизайн башкирских национальных печатных изданий 20-х – начала 30-х гг. ХХ в.
Authors:   Ufa State Institute of Arts named after Zagir Ismagilov (14, Lenin St., Ufa 450008, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation), Akhmadullin Mars L. , Purik Elza E. , Shakirova Marina G. , Shakirov Vilur R. ,   Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M. Akmullah (3-А, Oktyabrskoi Revolyutsii St., Ufa 450008, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation),   Birsk Branch of Bashkir State University (10, Internatsionalnaya St., Birsk 452453, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation),   Birsk Historical Museum (56, Kommunisticheskaya St., Birsk 452453, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation)
Published: August 2021

Introduction. The article discusses the features of Bashkiria’s printed matter as of the 1920s–1930s through the lens of typographics and artistic design. Goals. The work analyzes design patterns, features of font compositions, and identifies the influence of Constructivism on the shaping of their stylistic essentials through specific examples of book covers, magazines, and posters published in the 1920s–1930s in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The authors show how the synthesis of European trends and national traditions of Arabic writing determined the originality of the then Bashkortostan’s graphic designs. Results. The article shows how the ornamental character of Arabic script was transformed into dynamic compositions of covers and title pages characteristic of Constructivism. Conclusions. Nowadays, the public are again trying to outline ways to develop the national book art. Therefore, the experience and traditions from the printing art of early 20th-century Arabic and Cyrillic editions are again in demand. Nobody doubts the significance and greatness of the national cultural heritage, the need to develop it, the need to understand what happened through the prism of national consciousness. The appeals to artistic and aesthetic ideas, creative experiments of the Russian hinterland, traditions that existed in other republics and peoples at the beginning of the 20th century do enrich the history of domestic graphic design. All these together serve sources of inspiration for contemporary art experts, book artists and design practitioners.
О двух ойратских списках «Наказа Манджушри» из коллекции Н. Д. Кичикова (по материалам Кетченеровского краеведческого музея)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., Elista 358000, Russian Federation), Muzraevа Delyash N.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. The written heritage of Kalmyk Buddhist priests, their daily practices, liturgical repertoire still remain a poorly studied page in the history of Buddhism among Mongolic peoples in the 20th century. The survived collections, clusters of religious texts prove instrumental in revealing most interesting aspects of their activities, efforts aimed at preservation of Buddhist teachings, their popularization and dissemination among believers. Goals. The paper examines two Oirat copies of the Precepts of the Omniscient [Manjushri] from N. D. Kichikov’s collection, transliterates and translates the original texts, provides a comparative analysis, and notes differences therein that had resulted from the scribe’s work, thereby introducing the narratives into scientific circulation. Materials. The article describes two Oirat manuscripts bound in the form of a notebook and contained in different bundles/collections of Buddhist religious texts stored at Ketchenery Museum of Local History and Lore. As is known, the collection is largely compiled from texts that belonged to the famous Kalmyk Buddhist monk Namka (N. D. Kichikov). Results. The analysis of the two Oirat texts with identical titles — Precepts of the Omniscient [Manjushri] — shows that their contents coincide generally but both the texts contain fragmented omissions (separate words, one or several sentences) that are present in the other. At the same time, when omitting fragments of the text addressed to the monastic community, the scribe was obviously guided by that those would be superfluous for the laity. Thus, our comparative analysis of the two manuscript copies demonstrates the sometimes dramatic role of the scribe in transmitting Buddhist teachings.
2-Oxazolina: Polimerización y síntesis de macromonómeros
Authors: Ludeña-Huaman Michael Azael
Published: August 2021

En las dos últimas décadas ha resurgido la química de la poli(2-oxazolina) debido a su fácil síntesis y capacidad para modular su estructura química, así como sus propiedades. Además, las poli(2-oxazolina)s son biocompatibles y muchas responden a un cambio de la temperatura. Los macromonómeros de 2-oxazolina usualmente son empleados como material de partida para realizar la síntesis a medida de copolímeros injertados, copolímeros de tipo estrella y dendrímeros. También los macromonómeros son introducidos en la síntesis de materiales con estructuras más complejas como los hidrogeles o nanogeles. Es motivo por el que, en este manuscrito se dan a conocer aspectos químicos fundamentales e importantes sobre la polimerización y preparación de los macromonómeros de 2-oxazolina, por el método del iniciado y terminador de la polimerización viviente. Se analiza la importancia del iniciador, el terminador y del sustituyente en la 2-oxazolina.