bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharyngeal pouch: comparison of surgical treatment with botulinum toxin injection to the cricopharyngeus
Authors: Lau K , Watson M G
Published: February 2019

Background

Pharyngeal pouch surgical treatments can be carried out via an endoscopic or open approach. Injection of botulinum toxin into the cricopharyngeus was first described as an alternative treatment to the more invasive surgical procedures performed for cricopharyngeal dysfunction. It has not been previously described as a treatment option for pharyngeal pouch.

Objectives

To compare operative time, average stay, complication rates and symptom control between endoscopic laser diverticulotomy, botulinum toxin injection and open procedures for pharyngeal pouch patients.

Methods

The medical records for 66 pharyngeal pouch procedures, carried out on 47 patients treated between 2011 and 2017, were identified and reviewed.

Results

The mean operative time was 21 minutes for botulinum toxin injection, 38 for endoscopic laser diverticulotomy and 104 for open surgery. The mean hospital stay was 0.6 days for botulinum toxin injection, 4.7 for endoscopic laser diverticulotomy and 4 for open surgery. The improvement in Reflux Symptom Index scores was statistically significant for both endoscopic laser diverticulotomy and botulinum toxin injection. Botulinum toxin injection had a 0 per cent complication rate.

Conclusion

Botulinum toxin injection is a safe and effective treatment for pharyngeal pouch.
The evaluation of nasal mucociliary clearance in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Üstün Bezgin S , Çakabay T , Irak K , Koçyiğit M , Serin Keskineğe B , Giran Örtekin S
Published: February 2019

Objective

This study aimed to examine nasal mucociliary clearance time in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection.

Methods

Fifty patients who were newly diagnosed with H pylori infection using gastric biopsy in the gastroenterology out-patient clinic, and 50 age- and gender-matched healthy adults who were admitted to the otorhinolaryngology out-patient clinic, were included in this study. After an otorhinolaryngological examination (anterior rhinoscopy and nasal endoscopic examination), the nasal mucociliary clearance time of each subject was calculated using the saccharine test.

Results

The mean mucociliary clearance time was 06:29 ± 3:31 minutes (range, 00:55–15:19 minutes) in the control group and 10:12 ± 06:09 minutes (range, 01:28–32:00 minutes) in the study group. Comparisons of the two groups revealed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Nasal mucociliary clearance time was significantly increased in patients with H pylori infection. The results suggest that H pylori infection may have an unfavourable effect on nasal mucociliary clearance.
The Importance of Wide-Field Imaging
Authors: Lipovetsky V.A.
Published: February 2019

The oncoming meeting and the big group of specialists gathered here reminds
me of the late sixties, when I started the search for Markarian galaxies at the
Byurakan Observatory. We carried out the survey with a 1 m Schmidt telescope
(f/2.1). The First Byurakan Survey (FBS) consisted of more than two thousand
plates with an exposure time of 30–60 minutes per plate. While guiding the
telescope I therefore had plenty of time to think on future survey
techniques.
Sonneberg Observatory: Sky Patrol, Field Patrol, the World's Largest Living
WFPA
Authors: Bräuer H.-J. , Richter G.A.
Published: February 2019

The Sonneberg Sky and Field Patrols have been the suppliers of the Sonneberg
plate collection for 6 decades. They have led to the detection of more than 10,000
variable stars and the discovery of spectacular objects.
The Schmidt Telescope at Calar Alto Observatory
Authors: Birkle K. , Belleman H. , Elsässer H.
Published: February 2019

The Schmidt telescope at Calar Alto Observatory, Spain, was installed there
in 1980 by the Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Heidelberg, and has been
operated since then by this institute; originally it had been operational at the
Hamburg Observatory since 1955. The corrector plate and mirror have 80 cm and 120
cm diameter respectively; focal length is 240 cm. A field 5.5 deg by 5.5 deg is
photographed on 24 cm by 24 cm curved plates. Two objective prisms of 1.7 deg and
4.0 deg refractive angle are available (Heckmann 1955; Birkle 1984). Thousands of
direct and spectral plates have been taken, mainly for the Hamburg Quasar Survey
(Engels et al. 1988). Other observing programs referred e.g. to astrometry of
comets, giving support to ESA's Giotto space encounters with comets Halley and
Grigg-Skjellerup (Roeser et al. 1986; Morley 1992). Gradually, however, the number
of plates increased showing image quality which did not correspond to the
excellent performance of the telescope optics. Several technical improvements have
therefore been installed to remove some obvious mechanical instability.
German Astrophysical Space Projects
Authors: Klinkmann W.
Published: February 2019

The fundamental goals of the international astronomical community are the
simultaneous use of telescopes for all different wavelength ranges supplemented by
cosmic ray and neutrino research.
The CCD Array Camera for the Macho Project
Authors: Marshall S.
Published: February 2019

We have developed an astronomical imaging system tailored to our search for
gravitational microlensing by compact objects in the halo and disk of the Galaxy.
The challenge of detecting rare microlensing events is to monitor ∼ 10 million
stars per night and distinguish genuine events from other sources of variability.
The Large Magellanic Cloud and the Galactic bulge provide the high surface density
of resolvable stars necessary for this task. A dedicated 50 inch telescope at Mt.
Stromlo Observatory has been producing science data since the fall of 1992. Our
system incorporates eight 2048 × 2048 CCDs into two focal planes for simultaneous
imaging in two passbands (4500–6300 and 6300–8100 å). Each focal plane consists of
four ‘edge-buttable’ CCDs in a custom mounted 2 × 2 array. The 0.62 arcsecond
pixel scale (15 μm) yields a 40 × 40 arcminute square field of view in each frame.
A sophisticated point spread fitting photometry package extracts up to 600,000
useful magnitudes per color per frame. The data collection rate we need is
obtained by simultaneously reading out all sixteen CCD outputs (two per chip) at
34 KHz with 16 bit digitization. With exposure times of 150–300 seconds and a 70
second readout time we can collect up to 100 fields per night. These rates are
designed to allow us to detect or rule out massive compact halo objects (MACHOs)
in the 10−6–101
M
⊙ range.
Lite: The Large Imaging Telescope
Authors: Vigroux L.
Published: February 2019

It was realised very early in the development of the ESO 16 metre equivalent
Very Large Telescope (VLT) that wide-field imaging is too complicated and costly
to implement on the VLT itself and should be done with a smaller
telescope.
Near-Infrared Imaging by a Schmidt Telescope
Authors: Yanagisawa K. , Itoh N. , Ichikawa T. , Tarusawa K. , Ueno M.
Published: February 2019

We have carried out wide field imaging observations in the near-infrared
(J, H and K′ band) with a
large format array camera attached to the prime focus of the 105 cm Schmidt
telescope at Kiso Observatory. The image resolution, limiting magnitudes and the
effect of thermal radiation are discussed.
The ESO Measuring Machines
Authors: Grosbøl P.
Published: February 2019

The start of a general plate measuring facility at ESO was made in 1974 with
the purchase of an OPTRONICS S-3000 machine placed at the ESO headquarters in
Geneva. The facility was complemented around 1977 by a one-dimensional GRANT
Series 800 Comparator previously used by ESO Santiago and finally by the
acquisition of a PDS 1010A microdensitometer installed in 1979. After the ESO
headquarters were moved to Munich in 1980, the measuring machines were reinstalled
in the basement close to the ESO plate vault. Due to the declining usage of Coudé
plates, the GRANT machine was taken out of service in 1988.
Photography in Wide-Field Astronomy
Authors: Hartley M.
Published: February 2019

It is an honour for me to be able to present this review of photography in
wide-field astronomy. Let me begin by assuring this distinguished audience that
this talk is not some sort of sentimental tribute to a redundant technology.
Although photography may be the oldest way of accurately recording images of stars
and galaxies it is still the most powerful tool which we possess for surveying the
sky on the world's large Schmidt telescopes. Indeed, if the full promise of Tech
Pan film is realised (and there will be more on that subject from Dr. Parker later
today), photography in its ‘old’ age may extend in its usefulness well into the
next century. So, far from being on its last legs, photography is just reaching
its maturity, though not without something of a mid-life crisis.
Hydrogen-Sensitized Fine-Grain Quasi-T Astronomical Plates
Authors: Mikhailov D.K. , Sheglov P.V.
Published: February 2019

As we know, the first report on photographic plate hydrogen
hypersensitisation (hypering) is dated 1871 (U.S. Patent No. 113327, April 4 1871,
see Janusonis et al. 1978). A new interest in the topic appeared in the 1930s,
after the work of Robert Kozlowsky at Agfa Wolfen. Kozlowsky was the inventor of
gold sensitization. In the 1950s in Russia the action of hydrogen on thick nuclear
emulsions was also studied (Tschernyavsky et al. 1962). Strong fogging, especially
at increased temperatures, was observed.
Scanning the Sonneberg Plate Archive by DIA
Authors: Kroll P. , Neugebauer P.
Published: February 2019

DIA (Digital Image Analyzer) is a new dedicated and low cost CCD line
scanner, which has been invented at Sonneberg Observatory in collaboration with
the Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics at Tübingen for scanning selected
fields of the Sonneberg Plate Archive.
Data Compression and Wavelet Transforms
Authors: Richter G.M. , Capaccioli M. , Longo G. , Lorenz H.
Published: February 2019

Efficient data compression needs analyzing functions to recognise the local
resolution of the signal. They are provided by the wavelet concept. The optimal
wavelet (best information concentration) is defined by the image model of the
application. For the most common images in astronomy the H-transform is optimal
(in the sense of Karhunen-Loeve transform). The role of the H-transform in
2-dimensional processing is the same as the Haar-transform in 1-dimension, but it
is not the ‘2-dimensional Haar-transform’ found in text books.
Star Image Identification and Characterization on Astrographic Plates
Authors: García A. López , Gil A. Ortiz , González J.M. Martínez , Yershov V.
Published: February 2019

The automatic identification and characterization of star images has great
value for the preliminary analysis and measurement of astrographic plates. Our
group at Valencia Observatory is using a small 2-D stage and a CCD camera under
computer control to perform systematic measurements of bright asteroid plates. We
are also applying this method to the processing of astrographic plates with
crowded stellar fields and non-stellar objects in collaboration with the Pulkovo
Observatory.
Classification: Astronomical and Mathematical Overview
Authors: Murtagh F.
Published: February 2019

A short overview is presented of a number of different discriminant analysis
methods. An ‘uncertainty principle’ is presented in regard to the issue of user
choice of appropriate method. The discriminant analysis methods described are then
used in the important problem of feature selection. A hand-classified set of HST
Guide Star plate data is used, with star/galaxy/fault classes.
The Performance of Neural Networks in Astronomical Image
Classification
Authors: Odewahn S.C.
Published: February 2019

The use of neural network pattern recognition techniques in the field of
astronomy is reviewed. In assessing the quality of image recognition derived from
this method particular attention is given to the problem of star/galaxy
discrimination in large digital sky surveys. A two color survey of 9 fields of the
first epoch Palomar Sky Survey, centered on the North Galactic Pole, has been
performed with the Minnesota Automated Plate Scanner. A set of neural network
image classifiers are used to automatically perform star/galaxy discrimination. We
assess the efficiency of image classification and sample completeness through
comparisons with a variety of independent studies of the NGP area.
Reference Catalogues — Present Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Roeser S.
Published: February 2019

The present celestial reference frame is represented by the positions and
proper motions of the 4500 stars in the Fifth Fundamental Catalogue (FK5). For
practical applications it is extended by the catalogues IRS (International
Reference Stars) and PPM (Positions and Proper Motions). According to resolutions
of the IAU the FK5 system will be replaced by a purely kinematically defined
reference system defined by extragalactic radio sources in the near future. At
optical wavelengths, the forthcoming Hipparcos Output Catalogue will be linked to
the extragalactic system.
Simulation of Stellar Images for Schmidt Plate Astrometry
Authors: Lanteri L. , Pividori L. , Lattanzi M.G. , Lasker B.M.
Published: February 2019

Schmidt plate-based surveys of the sky are currently the largest sources of
positions and colours of stellar and non-stellar objects (see e.g. Lasker 1993).
This situation is likely to remain such through the next decade when new and
improved CCDs will probably replace the photographic medium. But even then deep
photographic surveys will constitute important first epoch material for the
derivation of better proper motions. Accordingly, we should do our best to improve
astrometry and photometry of Schmidt plates.
Optimized Model-Functions for CCD-Camera Based Astrometric Plate
Measurements
Authors: Winter L.
Published: February 2019

While digitizing the first 1500 photographic plates (astrograph plates and
prime focus plates of various telescopes) using our CCD-based measuring machine,
we gained a detailed understanding of the properties of the digitized stellar
images. These images are different from those obtained by digitizing photographic
plates with microdensitometers and similar scanners. Therefore it was necessary to
reject the modelling methods given in the literature and compose new models that
describe the stellar images more accurately.

First results of simulating the whole imaging process, starting with the
atmosphere, aberrations of the telescope, etc., and ending by including the
imaging-properties of our measuring machine, show good agreement with the measured
images as well as the modelling functions.
The Sonneberg Plate Collection: Handling the Archive
Authors: Fuhrmann B. , Kroll P. , Bräuer H.-J.
Published: February 2019

The Sonneberg collection numbers about 250,000 photographic plates; those of
the Sonneberg Sky Patrol and Field Patrol reach back into the past as far as 1926.
The Sky Patrol aims at providing a continuous record of the whole northern sky;
the Field Patrol, of 81 fields selected along or near the Milky Way.
Star Counts and the Milky Way Structure
Authors: Robin A.C.
Published: February 2019

While the accuracy of photometric star counts rises, constraints on the
stellar population characteristics improve and allow synthetic models to be
conceived to explain the galactic structure. We show here how star counts have
significantly contributed to build a comprehensive picture of galactic evolution
and dynamics.
The Galactic Disc Evolution from (V, B–V) Counts at the Galactic Pole
Authors: Haywood M. , Robin A.C. , Bienaymé O.
Published: February 2019

We test a model of stellar evolution synthesis by comparison with (V, B–V)
counts at the pole. The history of the stellar birthrate and dynamical evolution
in the disc is explicitly taken into account. The data span a large range of
magnitudes from V = 7 to 22, and allow us to put new constraints on the evolution
of the galactic disc.
Stellar Kinematics in the Galactic North Pole Region on the Basis of
Tautenburg Schmidt Telescope Plates
Authors: Kharchenko N.V. , Schilbach E. , Scholz R.-D.
Published: February 2019

The spatial velocity components and their dispersions in the Galactocentric
and rotation directions, eccentricities of Galactic orbits, parameters of spatial
distribution and the change of all these characteristics with distance from the
Galactic plane are detennined. These data have been obtained on the basis of
absolute proper motions and stellar B, V magnitudes in
two sky regions near the North Galactic Pole (NGP) by means of a plate set of the
Tautenburg Schmidt telescope.
Membership and Internal Motions of Faint Stars in the Globular Cluster M
3
Authors: Scholz R.-D. , Kharchenko N.V.
Published: February 2019

A proper motion study from Tautenburg Schmidt plates is presented for the
globular cluster M 3 and its vicinity. The plates were scanned with the Automated
Photographic Measuring (APM) system in Cambridge (UK). With a limiting magnitude
of B = 21, proper motions of 2 to 3 mas/yr accuracy
have been obtained for stars with B < 19. The
proper motions were determined applying a stepwise regression method with 3rd
order polynomials in the plate-to-plate solutions with about 2000 reference
galaxies. We used the results for the determination of membership probabilities
and looked for internal motions of M 3.
Wide-Field Observations of Variable Stars in the Region of NGC 7129
Authors: Semkov E.H.
Published: February 2019

During our programme for nonstable and flare star investigations in the star
forming regions, more than 290 UBVR photographic plates in the field of the bright
nebula NGC 7129 were obtained. The photographic observations were made with the
50/70/172 cm Schmidt telescope of the Rozhen Astronomical Observatory of the
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences during the period September 1984–July 1993.
Extended Surveys of MC Star Clusters
Authors: Kontizas M. , Kontizas E.
Published: February 2019

The location of the LMC clusters, their age distribution and dynamical
parameters have shown that two star cluster systems exist in this galaxy: 1) one
extended system, elliptical in shape, which contains all intermediate and old star
clusters and 2) another system, again elliptical, but smaller in diameter,
superimposed on the other and inclined by about 50 degrees from the latter. It
contains the most massive, very young globular clusters which are still at their
early phases of dynamical evolution. The existence of very rich stellar
associations, binary star clusters and very elliptical ones located in this
system, indicates that massive star clusters have formed very recently and are
still under formation.
Wide Field Star Count Mapping of Large Scale Areas of Star Formation in the
Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Kontizas E. , Maravelias S.E. , Dapergolas A. , Bellas-Velidis Y. , Kontizas M.
Published: February 2019

Star formation in galaxies is a major astrophysical problem which can be
investigated in several ways. The distribution and loci of all kinds of young
objects, including OB associations, young clusters, HII regions, GMCs, Bok
globules, dark clouds, dust lanes, protostars, as well as YSOs detected in NIR and
FIR surveys constitute the principal signposts for this investigation. The
individual nature of all these objects has been and is still continously studied.
However it is also extremely interesting to associate the coexistence of these
objects, and their relation to the structure of the parent galaxy. Such studies
have been carried out by several investigators and are frequently summarized when
star formation processes are examined.
Recent Results from Low Surface Brightness Galaxy Surveys
Authors: Phillipps S. , Davies J.I. , Turner J.A.
Published: February 2019

In recent years, especially following the work of Binggeli et al. (1985) on
the Virgo Cluster, there has been a great surge of interest in low surface
brightness galaxies (LSBGs). One of the most important questions, of course, is —
how many LSBGs are there? Here we present some results from recent surveys which
have been carried out in Cardiff in an effort to shed light on this
problem.
Hunting for Globular Cluster Candidates in the Far Halo (D > 20 kpc) of
M 31 by the Tautenburg Schmidt Telescope
Authors: Federici L. , Bonoli F. , Pecci F. Fusi , Marano B. , Börngen F. , Meusinger H.
Published: February 2019

The M 31 cluster system is the largest sample of globular clusters found in
the Local Group, is sufficiently close to allow quite easy observations, and is
negligibly affected by total reddening, at least for a large outer sub-set.
Unfortunately, a complete and uncontaminated sample of M 31 clusters is not
available yet for two basic reasons:
Photographic Surface Photometry of Bright Galaxies in the M 81 Group
Authors: Getov R.G.
Published: February 2019

A programme for the surface photometry of bright galaxies has been underway
at the Rozhen Observatory since 1991. In a series of papers we shall explore the
optical morphology, photometric properties and some peculiarities suggestive of
galaxy-galaxy interactions of the bright galaxies NGC 2976, NGC 3031, NGC 3034 and
NGC 3077 in the M 81 group. Most of the plates were taken with the 2 m Rozhen
Ritchey-Chrétien telescope, but at our disposal there are plates from the 6 m BTA
and 2 m Tautenburg Schmidt telescope. Here we discuss some preliminary results for
the optical morphology on the basis of two B-plates from the 2 m Tautenburg
Schmidt telescope. It shows the edge-on like face of NGC 2976, the grand-designed
spiral structure of NGC 3031 and the filament-jet peculiarities in NGC 3034 and
NGC 3077.
A Burst of Star Formation in Galaxies of the M 81 Group
Authors: Artamonov B.P.
Published: February 2019

UBV photographic plates of galaxies (resolution ∼ ) for the M 81
Group were obtained with the 1-metre Ritchey-Chrétien (RC) Zeiss telescope at
Maidanak Observatory. Some plates show a resolution ∼ . Artamonov et al.
(1990) have distinguished and measured positions of starlike
objects in the central regions of M 82 (69 spots) and NGC 3077 (19 spots). We have
measured the position of 120 blue starlike objects in NGC 2976. Image processing
was carried out using a PC 286/386 with calibration using the data of Notni
& Bronkalla, 1985; Bronkalla et al. 1992. The observed galaxies show
active star formation which are related with intergalactic interaction. We have
carried out UBV photometry of starlike objects in these galaxies. All objects
emulate a population of young stars with different reddening. Figure 1 shows the
two-colour plot of starlike objects in M 82 and the central regions of NGC 3077
(Price & Gullixson 1989). The colours of these objects lie along the line
of reddening.
Wide-Field Galaxy and Cluster Surveys Using Cosmos
Authors: MacGillivray H.T. , Yentis D.J.
Published: February 2019

We have recently completed a catalogue of ∼ 5 million galaxies in the
Southern sky down to a limit of bj = 20.5. The catalogue is
based on the ROE/NRL Southern Sky Object Catalogue (Yentis et al. 1992), which is
the result of processing of scans made with the COSMOS machine at the Royal
Observatory Edinburgh (ROE) on glass copies of the IIIa-J survey carried out with
the UK Schmidt Telescope (UKST) in Australia. The ‘COSMOS/UKST Southern Sky Galaxy
Catalogue’ is based on 500 fields with |b| > 25 degrees and outwith the
Magellanic Clouds.
Galaxy Clustering to B = 27M
Authors: Roche N. , Shanks T. , Metcalfe N. , Fong R.
Published: February 2019

The angular two-point correlation function, ω(θ), for galaxies can be used as
a probe of their redshift distribution N(z) and,
therefore, of galaxy luminosity evolution. Without redshift data, we can still
observe the projection onto the two-dimensional sky of the three-dimensional
clustering of galaxies. The autocorrelation of this projected distribution is
described by ω(θ). Observations have indicated that ω(θ) follows a
θ−0.8 power-law (Peebles 1980) and that the index of the
power-law remains approximately constant to the faintest limits of photographic
surveys (Jones, Shanks & Fong 1987).
Galaxy Number-Counts to B = 28M
Authors: Metcalfe N. , Shanks T. , Roche N. , Fong R.
Published: February 2019

Counting the number of galaxies as a function of their apparent brightness is
one of the fundamental cosmological tests, providing an important probe of both
the geometry and evolutionary history of the Universe. CCD detectors have in
recent years enabled astronomers to explore magnitude limits undreamed of a decade
or so ago, and where important constraints can be placed on the allowable
combinations of q
0 and evolution. Recent work has shown that the
B-band counts keep rising with a power-law
distribution, with a fivefold excess in the number of galaxies at
B = 26.5 over that expected from simple non-evolving
models. Indeed, it has been suggested that the total numbers of galaxies already
seen may be too high for a q
0 = 0.5 universe, assuming there is a redshift cut-off in the
galaxy distribution caused either by galaxies having strong Lyman limit systems or
a low redshift of formation. As q
0 = 0.5 is favoured by theoretical arguments, it is important
to see if the behaviour of the counts at even fainter magnitudes can be reconciled
with a high density universe. Most published counts are unreliable faintward of
B ≈ 26, as the incompleteness corrections required
become comparable in size to the data. We have now extended the counts to
B ∼ 28, using a ∼ 24 hour CCD exposure taken on the
2.5 m Isaac Newton telescope (INT) on La Palma, together with a ∼ 10 hour exposure
on a small part of this field taken using the 4.2 m William Herschel Telescope
(WHT).
Rosat-Detected Galaxies in the Iras Faint Source Database (FSDB)
Authors: Voges W. , Boller T. , Lonsdale C. , Wolstencroft R.
Published: February 2019

We present the first results of cross-correlating the IRAS FSDB with the
ROSAT All-Sky Survey. From the IRAS FSDB (∼ 750,000 entries) a sample of 10,317
IRAS galaxies has been extracted using the following selection criteria:
Rapid X-Ray Variability and The FE II Problem in I Zw 1 Objects
Authors: Boller Th. , Trümper J. , Molendi S. , Schaeidt S. , Fink H.
Published: February 2019

X-ray variability in the 0.1–2.4 keV ROSAT energy
band with a doubling timescale of 800 s and a factor of 4 within a few hours has
been detected in a 20 ksec pointing on the IRAS AGN 13224-3809. The optical
spectrum indicates that IRAS 13224-3809 is a narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy with
strong permitted Fe II emission, a member of the unusual I Zw 1 class objects.
IRAS 13224-3809 appears to be one of the most rapidly variable AGN known so far.
This is the first time that variability on a timescale smaller than 1000 s is
reported at such high L (0.1–2.4
keV) = 3·1044
erg · s−1
X-ray luminosity in Seyfert galaxies. It is also the first reported
X-ray variability in I Zw 1 class objects. The δt = 800
s variation indicates that the X-rays come from a compact region of about 17 light
minutes in size. Our results from the X-ray spectral analysis favour a scenario in
which a hard X-ray source irradiates the accretion disk which reemits at soft
X-ray energies. The absence of broad H I wings can be explained if only a part of
the BLR, far from the centre, is observed and the bulk of the region, which emits
the wings, is hidden. We want to draw attention to the fact that rapid X-ray
variability could also be connected with the absence of broad H I lines in IRAS
13224-3809.
Cluster Abundance as Test of the Primordial Perturbation Spectrum
Authors: Müller V.
Published: February 2019

The Press-Schechter formalism is used to derive the abundance of rich galaxy
clusters in dependence on the cluster mass or the corresponding X-ray temperature
of the hot gas confined in the cluster potential wells. We consider a
characteristic double inflation spectrum in the standard CDM model leading to a
hierarchical clustering scenario. Normalising the amplitude to the
COBE-quadrupole, and supposing a biasing b ≈ 2, we get
a reasonable fit both to the amplitude and the slope of the X-ray temperature
function of Edge et al. (1990) and Henry & Arnaud (1991). In the
considered model the cluster abundance changes strongly with redshift.
Large-Scale Structure in the Durham/Ukst Galaxy Redshift Survey
Authors: Broadbent A. , Shanks T. , Watson F.G. , Parker Q.A. , Fong R. , Oates A.P. , Collins C.A.
Published: February 2019

We report on the progress of the compilation and analysis of the Durham/UKST
galaxy redshift survey. This survey will probe a large contiguous volume of space
within a 1500 sq. deg. area of sky around the SGP. It will contain redshifts of ∼
4000 galaxies of bJ < 17m
providing detailed information about the structure of the Universe on large
scales. Large features on scales of ∼ 100h−1 Mpc are clearly
visible on examination of the completed section of the survey, although a
statistical analysis of the survey by means of the two-point correlation function
is close to zero on scales of r > 10h−1 Mpc.
The Muenster Redshift Project (MRSP)
Authors: Schuecker P. , Seitter W.C. , Boschan P. , Budell R. , Cunow B. , Duemmler R. , Naumann M. , Ott H.-A. , Spiekermann G. , Teuber D. , Ungruhe R.
Published: February 2019

The Muenster Redshift Project provides to date 0.9 million low-resolution
redshifts obtained from automatic reductions of pairs of direct and low-dispersion
objective prism Schmidt plates. Preliminary results obtained from subsamples of
the survey are described.
Unbiased Multi-Parametric Estimations of Distances and Peculiar Velocities of
the Galaxies
Authors: Georgiev T.B.
Published: February 2019

Accurate estimates of distances and peculiar velocities for galaxies may be
derived with the help of multi-dimensional regression analysis using two or more
distance indicators p
k (corrected apparent sizes, luminosities, other
distance-dependent quantities) and some calibrators q
1 (velocity dispersions of the ellipticals or HI-line widths
of the spirals, mean surface brightness, colours, other distance-independent
quantities) together, cf. Georgiev (1992). Here an example is given for 349 spiral
galaxies with axial ratio D/d > 1.4 from the
sample of Fisher & Tully (1981). The p-values
are the major axis and the blue magnitude and the
q-values are the HI line width, type and axial
ratio.
The Hamburg Quasar Survey
Authors: Hagen H.-J. , Engels D. , Groote D. , Reimers D.
Published: February 2019

The Hamburg Quasar Survey is carrying out an objective-prism survey on
Schmidt plates taken at the Spanish-German Astronomical Centre (DSAZ) on Calar
Alto/Spain. We use a 1.7 deg objective-prism providing unwidened spectra with a
dispersion of 1390 å/mm at Hγ on hypersensitized KODAK IIIa-J plates. The field
size is 5.5 × 5.5 deg. For each field, two prism plates are taken to improve the
recognition of faint spectra. A direct plate is taken to determine accurate
positions, and to recognize overlaps and extended objects. The coverage of the
extragalactic fields up to 1993 is given in Engels et al. (1993).
The Second Byurakan Survey
Authors: Stepanian J.
Published: February 2019

On the basis of the Second Byurakan Survey (SBS), we have produced a new
complete sample of bright QSOs.

The observations were obtained using the 1.5, 3 and 4 degree objective prisms
with the 40–52 inch Schmidt telescope at the Byurakan Observatory. The total sky
coverage area of SBS is 1000 square degrees from R.A. 07h40m–17h15m and Dec.
+49–+61.

In all, in SBS about 3000–1600 stellar objects have been selected, and about
1400 galaxies down to a limiting magnitude B ∼ 19.5.

290 QSO and 67 Sy galaxies are spectroscopically confirmed.

The estimate of surface density of SBS QSOs in the magnitude range 15.5
< B < 17.2 and redshift distribution of SBS QSOs and Sy galaxies are
given.
A Study of the Optical Long-Term Behaviour of Quasars
Authors: Meusinger H. , Klose S. , Ziener R.
Published: February 2019

We report first results of a photometric investigation of the optical
long-term behaviour of a sample of quasars. Our study is based on the plate
archive of the Tautenburg 134 cm Schmidt telescope which covers a time baseline of
over 30 years.
China's E-Commerce: Empowering Rural Women?
Authors: Yu Haiqing , Cui Lili
Published: February 2019

This article employs a feminist political economy perspective to explore the connection between e-commerce, entrepreneurship and gender in rural China. It discusses gendered engagement with, and discourses of, the new digital economy represented by Taobao villages, and asks: how has the success of rural e-commerce impacted the evolving gender mandate and hierarchy in a competitive market economy in rural China? Has rural women's participation in digital economic activities changed their gendered roles and the patriarchal structure in their family and village? This article argues that women's socioeconomic enablement does not necessarily translate into cultural and political empowerment. The enabling potential of female entrepreneurship is tempered by traditional constraints on women and digital capitalist exploitation of their cheap, flexible and docile labour.
Dynamic pathways between rejection and antisocial behavior in peer networks: Update and test of confluence model
Authors: Kornienko Olga , Ha Thao , Dishion Thomas J.
Published: February 2019

The confluence model theorizes that dynamic transactions between peer rejection and deviant peer clustering amplify antisocial behavior (AB) within the school context during adolescence. Little is known about the links between peer rejection and AB as embedded in changing networks. Using longitudinal social network analysis, we investigated the interplay between rejection, deviant peer clustering, and AB in an ethnically diverse sample of students attending public middle schools (N = 997; 52.7% boys). Adolescents completed peer nomination reports of rejection and antisocial behavior in Grades 6–8. Results revealed that rejection status was associated with friendship selection, and adolescents became rejected if they were friends with others who were rejected. Youth befriended others with similar levels of AB. Significant patterns of peer influence were documented for AB and rejection. As hypothesized, rejected youth with low AB were more likely to affiliate with others with high AB instead of similarly low AB. In contrast, nonrejected youth preferred to befriend others with similarly high or low AB. Results support an updated confluence model of a joint interplay between rejection and AB as ecological conditions that lead to self-organization into deviant clusters in which peer contagion on problem behaviors operates.
Understanding engagement in a family-focused, multicomponent, childhood weight management programme delivered in the community setting
Authors: Kelleher Emily , McHugh Sheena M , Harrington Janas M , Perry Ivan J , Shiely Frances
Published: February 2019

Objective

To describe public health nurses’ (PHN) experiences of referring to, and families’ experiences of being referred to, a multicomponent, community-based, childhood weight management programme and to provide insight into families’ motivation to participate in and complete treatment.

Design

Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and the draw-and-write technique.

Setting

Two geographical regions in the south and west of Ireland.

Participants

Nine PHN involved in the referral process, as well as ten parents and nine children who were referred to and completed the programme, participated in the present study.

Results

PHN were afraid of misclassifying children as obese and of approaching the subject of excess weight with parents. Peer support from other PHN as well as training in how best to talk about weight with parents were potential strategies suggested to alleviate these fears. Parents recalled the anxiety provoked by the ‘medical terminology’ used during referral and their difficulty interpreting what it meant for the health of their child. Despite initial fears, concern for their children’s future health was a major driver behind their participation. Children’s enjoyment, the social support experienced by parents as well as staff enthusiasm were key to programme completion.

Conclusions

The present study identifies the difficulties of referring families to community weight management programmes and provides practical suggestions on how to support practitioners in making referrals. It also identifies key positive factors influencing parents’ decisions to enrol in community weight management programmes. These should be maximised by staff and policy makers when developing similar programmes.
Renal developmental disturbances and their long-term consequences in female pups from vitamin D-deficient mothers: involved mechanisms
Authors: Almeida L. F. , Francescato H. D. C. , Silva R. S. , Silva C. G. A. , Antunes-Rodrigues J. , de Paula F. J. A. , Coimbra T. M.
Published: February 2019

The mechanisms involved in kidney disturbances during development, induced by vitamin D3 deficiency in female rats, that persist into adulthood were evaluated in this study. Female offspring from mothers fed normal (control group, n=8) or vitamin D-deficient (Vit.D-, n=10) diets were used. Three-month-old rats had their systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured and their blood and urine sampled to quantify vitamin D3 (Vit.D3), creatinine, Na+, Ca+2 and angiotensin II (ANGII) levels. The kidneys were then removed for nitric oxide (NO) quantification and immunohistochemical studies. Vit.D- pups showed higher SBP and plasma ANGII levels in adulthood (P<0.05) as well as decreased urine osmolality associated with increases in urinary volume (P<0.05). Decreased expression of JG12 (renal cortex and glomeruli) and synaptopodin (glomeruli) as well as reduced renal NO was also observed (P<0.05). These findings showed that renal disturbances in development in pups from Vit.D- mothers observed in adulthood may be related to the development of angiogenesis, NO and ANGII alterations.
Can the gap in Aboriginal outcomes be explained by DOHaD
Authors: McEwen E. C. , Boulton T. J. , Smith R.
Published: February 2019

In Australia, there are two distinct populations, each with vastly disparate health outcomes: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People and non-Aboriginal Australians. Aboriginal Australians have significantly higher rates of health and socioeconomic disadvantage, and Aboriginal babies are also more likely to be born low birth weight or growth restricted. TheDevelopmental Origins of Health and Disease(DOHaD) hypothesis advocates that a sub-optimal intrauterine environment, often manifested as diminished foetal growth, during critical periods of foetal development has the potential to alter the risk of non-communicable disease in the offspring. A better understanding of the role of the intrauterine environment and subsequent developmental programming, in response to both transgenerational and immediate stimuli, in Aboriginal Australians remains a relatively unexplored field and may provide insights into the prevailing health disparities between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. This narrative review explores the role of DOHaD in explaining the ongoing disadvantage experienced by Aboriginal People in today’s society through a detailed discussion of the literature on the association between foetal growth, as a proxy for the quality of the intrauterine environment, and outcomes in the offspring including perinatal health, early life development and childhood education. The literature largely supports this hypothesis and this review therefore has potential implications for policy makers not only in Australia but also in other countries that have minority and Indigenous populations who suffer disproportionate disadvantage such as the United States, Canada and New Zealand.
Schichtarbeit und Schlaf
Authors: Hicklin Daniel , Schwander Jürg
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung. Schicht- und Nachtarbeit sind in unserer Gesellschaft notwendig. In Europa arbeiten im Durchschnitt etwa 20 % der Erwerbstätigen in Schichten; in der Schweiz sind es mit 14,7 % etwas weniger. Der Anteil der Erwerbstätigen, der regelmässig Nachtschichtarbeit leistet, ist deutlich tiefer: In Europa sind es 7 %, in der Schweiz 5 % der Erwerbstätigen. Der veränderte Tagesablauf in Nacht- und Schichtarbeit führt zu Störungen unserer biologischen Rhythmen, die sich nur träge den neuen Bedingungen anpassen. Häufig führt dies zu Schlafmangel, schlechter Schlafqualität, verminderter Erholung und einer erhöhten Belastung des gesamten Körpers. Die ungewöhnlichen Arbeitsrhythmen sind zudem nicht mit normalen familiären und gesellschaftlichen Verpflichtungen vereinbar. Wichtig ist, dass möglichst wenig Schicht- und Nachtarbeit geleistet werden muss. Die Betroffenen und deren Umgebung sollten die Nachteile der Schicht- und vor allem der Nachtarbeit kennen und wissen, wie sie sich am besten an die spezielle Arbeitssituation anpassen können. Es spricht vieles dafür, dass Schlafmangel und schlechte Schlafqualität für einen grossen Teil der negativen Auswirkungen von Schichtarbeit verantwortlich sind. Es ist daher wichtig, diesen Bereich gezielt zu befragen und den Schichtarbeitern diesbezüglich konkrete Unterstützung anzubieten. Dieser Überblick zur Thematik «Schichtarbeit und Schlaf» basiert auf Literatur und unseren langjährigen praktischen Erfahrungen mit Schichtarbeitsberatung und -schulung in der Schweiz.
The Validation of the German Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction	and Frustration Scale in the Context of Mental Health
Authors: Heissel Andreas , Pietrek Anou , Flunger Barbara , Fydrich Thomas , Rapp Michael A. , Heinzel Stephan , Vansteenkiste Maarten
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The primary aim of the current study was to examine the unique contribution of psychological need frustration and need satisfaction in the prediction of adults’ mental well-being and ill-being in a heterogeneous sample of adults ( N = 334; Mage = 43.33, SD = 32.26; 53% females). Prior to this, validity evidence was provided for the German version of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT). The results of the validation analyses found the German BPNSFS to be a valid and reliable measurement. Further, structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that both need satisfaction and frustration yielded unique and opposing associations with well-being. Specifically, the dimension of psychological need frustration predicted adults’ ill-being. Future research should examine whether frustration of psychological needs is involved in the onset and maintenance of psychopathology (e.g., major depressive disorder).
Association of Physical Morbidity and Health-Related Quality of Life in a Representative Sample of Older German People
Authors: Wirtz Markus A. , Morfeld Matthias , Brähler Elmar , Hinz Andreas , Glaesmer Heide
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The association between health-related quality of life (HRQoL; Short-Form Health Survey-12; SF-12) and patient-reported morbidity-related symptoms measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) is analyzed in a representative sample of older people in the general German population. Data from 1,659 people aged 60 to 85 years were obtained. Latent class analysis identified six classes of patients, which optimally categorize clusters of physical symptoms the participants reported: musculoskeletal impairments (39.8%), healthy (25.7%), musculoskeletal and respiratory/cardiac impairments (12.8%), musculoskeletal and respiratory impairments, along with bowel and digestion problems (12.9%), general impairments (4.9%), and general impairments with no bowel and digestion problems (4.8%). The participants’ SF-12 Physical Health Scores (η2 = .39) and their Mental Health Scores (η2 = .28) are highly associated with these latent classes. These associations remain virtually identical after controlling for age. The results provide evidence that profiles of patient-reported physical impairments correspond strongly with reduced HRQoL independently from aging processes.
Distinctive Evolutions of Eurasian Warming and Extreme Events Before and After Global Warming Would Stabilize at 1.5 °C
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Xu Haiming , Luo Jing‐Jia , Deng Jiechun
Published: February 2019

Utilizing the specially designed low‐warming experiments of the fully coupled Community Earth System Model, we investigate the evolutions of Eurasian climate and extreme events if global mean temperature would stabilize at 1.5 °C and 2 °C above preindustrial levels or overshoot the 1.5 °C (1.5 °C OS) threshold. We find that distinctive evolutions of surface temperature (TS) and extreme events appear in different regions of Eurasia, particularly over East China and Northern Eurasia. In the course of global warming, before global mean temperature stabilizes, the two regions display similar changes of TS and extreme events. However, after global warming halts, the two regions experience distinctive evolutions of local warming and extreme events. Over East China, where the adjacent ocean exhibits stronger‐than‐global mean warming, the local TS and both the strength and frequency of heat extremes keep increasing continuously. The extreme precipitation intensity increases even more rapidly compared to the change of heat extremes. In stark contrast, TS and heat extremes intensity over northern Eurasia decrease in both the 1.5 °C and 1.5 °C OS cases, except that the extreme precipitation experiences little change. We find that the most vulnerable period over northern Eurasia is the transition period, in which TS increases till its maximum and then decreases. The heat extremes during the transition period are also stronger and more frequent compared to the end of the 21st century over northern Eurasia.
On the Kinetic Nature of Solar Wind Discontinuities
Authors: Artemyev A. V. , Angelopoulos V. , Vasko I. Y. , Runov A. , Avanov L. A. , Giles B. L. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J.
Published: February 2019

The most intense currents in the solar wind are carried by magnetic field discontinuities. The formation of such structures depends on whether they are rotational or tangential discontinuities. To distinguish between these two types, variations of plasma characteristics should be studied. We analyze data from a set of discontinuities observed by the Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun and Magnetospheric Multiscale missions in the near‐Earth solar wind. We show that these discontinuities have properties characteristic of both tangential and rotational discontinuities: (1) Jumps in the tangential velocity component are well correlated with jumps in the Alfven speed, and (2) Electron density and temperature vary significantly across these discontinuities. Suprathermal electron pitch angle distributions change across discontinuities, revealing the importance of electron kinetics to discontinuity structure. Investigation of the discontinuity formation needs to go beyond magnetohydrodynamics theory and highly likely involves both ion and electron kinetics.
Genesis of Intermediate‐Depth and Deep Intraslab Earthquakes beneath Japan Constrained by Seismic Tomography, Seismicity, and Thermal Modeling
Authors: Chen Min , Manea Vlad Constantin , Niu Fenglin , Wei S. Shawn , Kiser Eric
Published: February 2019

The distribution of intermediate‐depth and deep intraslab earthquakes with respect to subducting slabs offers a unique insight into seismogenesis at high pressures and temperatures that should inhibit brittle failure. This study constrains the surface of the subducting Pacific Plate beneath Japan at depths between 100 and 380 km based on a previous continental‐scale adjoint tomography model. Earthquake distributions relative to the slab surface reveal double seismic zones located within the top 60 km of the Pacific Plate. Thermal modeling suggests that the lower‐plane seismicity corresponds to temperatures between 400 and 900 °C. The seismogenic pressure and temperature conditions correlate approximately with the conditions of dehydration reactions of several hydrous minerals, that is, antigorite (serpentine) and chlorite at depths between 100 and 200 km and phase A at greater depths between 200 and 380 km. These correlations indicate that at these depths water released from dehydration processes may facilitate triggering slab mantle earthquakes.