bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Optimization of Persistent Memory Systems Through Phase-Based Transactional Memory
Authors: Murari Rafael , Carvalho João Paulo , Araujo Guido , Baldassin Alexandro
Published: February 2021

The emerging persistent memory technologies (PM) are aimed to eliminate the gap between main memory and storage. Nevertheless, its adoption requires measures to guarantee consistency, since crash failures might render the program in an unrecoverable state. In this context, the usage of durable transactions is one of the main investigated approaches to ease the adoption of PM. However, today's implementations are based exclusively on software (SW) or hardware (HW), which might degrade system performance. This paper presents NV-PhTM, a transactional system for PM that delivers the best out of both HW and SW transactions by dynamically changing the execution according to the application's characteristics.
REM-CNC Router - CNC multifuncional Fresa e Laser de baixo custo construída reutilizando equipamentos de informática e lixo eletrônico
Authors: Cardoso Júnior Edinaldo , Obana Fernando , Marinho Max , Sperotto Lucas , Silva Sara
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho descreve o processo de construção de uma máquina CNC multifuncional de baixo custo reutilizando materiais reciclados. Denominada de REM-CNC Router, essa máquina CNC possui a capacidade de operar duas máquinas-ferramentas não simultâneas, permitindo a gravação de imagens na superfície de materiais por meio de um laser, e a usinagem de placas de circuito impresso, peças em 2D e até mesmo 3D, dependendo da complexidade, utilizando uma fresa. Construída com material reciclado, possui custo reduzido tornando-se uma máquina CNC com um ótimo custo benefício e qualidade de produção e além de cultivar a cultura maker, incentiva a reutilização de lixo eletrônico e outros materiais reciclados.
Algoritmo de Alocação de Blocos de Recurso em Redes CP-OFDM com Características 5G Baseado em Estimação de Retardo
Authors: Ferreira Marcus , Vieira Flávio
Published: February 2021

Neste artigo, é proposto um algoritmo de alocação de recursos para sistemas de comunicação sem fio que considera a qualidade de transmissão do canal e o retardo dos dados. Nesta proposta, o valor do retardo é estimado para decidir sobre a alocação dos recursos de rádio disponíveis, objetivando reduzir o retardo médio do sistema. Para a estimativa do retardo, é proposta uma abordagem envolvendo conceitos de Cálculo de Rede como curva de serviço e processo envelope MFBAP (Multifractal Bounded Arrival Process, Processo de Chegada Limitado Multifractal). Tendo em vista as recentes técnicas para sistemas de comunicação 5G, são consideradas as tecnologias de propagação por ondas milimétricas (mmWaves), 256-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, Modulação de Amplitude em Quadratura) e agregação de portadora. As simulações são desenvolvidas para comparar o desempenho do algoritmo de alocação de recursos proposto com demais algoritmos da literatura em termos de parâmetros de QoS (Quality of Service, Qualidade de Serviço) como retardo, vazão, tempo de processamento, taxa de perda e índice de justiça, verificando a eficiência do algoritmo proposto.
Um estudo dos impactos da Inclusão Digital no cotidiano acadêmico de alunos Indígenas e Quilombolas
Authors: Oliveira Jerlianni , Berretta Luciana , Santos Raimunda
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar o impacto do letramento digital no cotidiano de alunos Indígenas e Quilombolas que apresentam dificuldades ao utilizarem os recursos computacionais na prática acadêmica. Para a construção deste trabalho foram realizadas 3 etapas de pesquisa, sendo: a) a pesquisa exploratória para levantamento de material bibliográfico em que foi priorizada a busca sobre letramento, letramento digital e inclusão digital; b) pesquisa descritiva para observações e participação nas aulas do projeto Letramento Digital para Indígenas e Quilombolas; c) pesquisa qualitativa para avaliação contínua do desenvolvimento dos alunos. Com base nos dados cole- tados no decorrer desta pesquisa e nos relatos dos participantes, comprovou-se que esse tipo de iniciativa pode auxiliar estudantes a se sentirem mais incluídos digitalmente.
Eine Frage der Intuition
Authors: Haut Gideon
Published: February 2021

Die Faszination am Verbrechen ist der Literatur seit der Antike eigen. Doch erst im 19. Jahrhundert rückt die Frage nach den Modalitäten der Verbrechensaufklärung in den Vordergrund. Im Fokus stehen nicht mehr die Relation von Schuld und Sühne, sondern die konkreten Mechanismen der Verbrechensrekonstruktion. Erstmals werden die an der Ermittlung Beteiligten als eigenständige Figuren selbst zum Gegenstand der Literatur. Diese Entwicklung ist verbunden mit der Entstehung der Kriminalistik als Wissenschaft, der Professionalisierung der Polizeiarbeit sowie der Etablierung der freien Beweiswürdigung im deutschen Strafrecht. In diesem Kontext untersucht die vorliegende Arbeit, wie die Autoren Theodor Fontane, Theodor Storm und Wilhelm Raabe auf den historischen Wandel reagieren und in ihren Novellen daran anknüpfen oder sich davon abgrenzen. Gerade im Poetischen Realismus kann das Verbrechen als literarischer Stoff eine gesellschaftliche, moralische sowie emotionale Intensität entfalten.
Shrinkage Porosity in Steel Sand Castings: Formation, Classification and Inspection
Authors: Mahomed Nawaz
Published: February 2021

In this Chapter, shrinkage porosity defects in steel castings are analysed, particularly for low carbon, high alloyed steels, which have applications in critical engineering components. It begins with the mechanisms for porosity formation within the solidification contraction phase of the casting cycle, highlighting the importance of feeder design. This is followed by characterisation of the solidification phase of steel alloys, including the evolution of phases, which is important in distinguishing between microstructure and porosity in microscopy analysis. A more detailed discussion of interdendritic feeding and mechanisms for shrinkage micro-porosity is then provided. This leads to the well-established interdendritic flow model and commonly-used thermal criteria for shrinkage porosity prediction. The discussions are then consolidated through the classification of shrinkage porosity in terms of formation mechanisms and morphology, and its causes relating to composition, design and process conditions. Finally, engineering standards for classification and inspection of porosity types and severity levels in steel castings are discussed. Throughout, basic design and process improvement approaches for improving melt feeding during solidification contraction is given, with emphasis on providing practical solutions for prediction and evaluation of shrinkage porosity defects in castings.
Insatiable: Why Everything is not Enough
Authors: Harvey Charles ,   The Society for Philosophy in the Contemporary World
Published: February 2021

In this essay, I argue that the deepest roots of Homo sapiens’ propensity towards excessive consumption lie in the emptiness of human awareness, itself possibly rooted in brain plasticity. I attempt to demonstrate how this insight emerged and appeared repeatedly throughout the history of philosophy and religious thought and how industrialized capitalism and consumer culture led to the current domination and envelopment of our lives by the “commodity canopy.” In the final section of the paper, I envision one way that contemporary humanity might use the history of insights about empty, restless awareness and brain plasticity to develop cultures that focus more on doing than having, more on events than on objects.
Composição da comunidade bacteriana aérea de Santarém, Pará: influência de aves
Authors: Fernandes Rídel Rodrigo Silva , Neves Suellen Caroline Barbosa , Ferreira Andresa Krislany , Peixoto Andreza da Silva , Fernandes Graciene do Socorro Taveira
Published: February 2021

O ar livre é uma mistura que inclui poluentes biológicos, com potencial efeito sobre a saúde das pessoas e possível problema de saúde pública. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo identificar a comunidade bacteriana do ar de áreas urbanas em Santarém-PA, e correlacionar a diversidade de microorganismos com a presença de aves. Entre agosto de 2017 a maio de 2018, pela técnica de sedimentação espontânea placas contendo PCA foram expostas em dez pontos em área urbana de Santarém. No Laboratório de Bacteriologia da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, as placas foram incubadas a 35 °C por tempo máximo de 48 horas, nesse período foram realizadas contagens de bactérias seguido de isolamento e purificação das colônias. O processo de purificação se deu em meio TSA, seguida de teste morfotintorial pela coloração de Gram, e série bioquímica para identificação ao menor nível taxonômico possível. Entre os gêneros encontrados, destaque se deu para Staphylococcus spp., Mycobacterium spp. e Lactobacillus spp.. Os resultados, mostraram influência da presença das garças sobre a abundância e riqueza de bactérias, exceto no ponto controle, por ser uma área arborizada e não haver presença das aves, houve baixo crescimento bacteriano.
Discurso do sujeito coletivo sobre efeitos pós-barragem de usinas hidrelétricas no Rio Tocantins - Brasil
Authors: Lima Adila Maria Taveira de , Buschbacher Robert John , Pinto Mac David da Silva , Marques Elineide Eugênio
Published: February 2021

Essa pesquisa buscou analisar os efeitos pós-barragem do processo de implementação de Usinas Hidrelétricas de Energia (UHE), considerando a visão dos representantes locais, desde a época da implementação aos dias atuais, identificando as principais implicações percebidas em decorrência do empreendimento nas localidades.  Para isso, foram visitados os municípios de Peixe, Paranã, São Salvador, Palmeirópolis, Babaçulândia, Palmeirante e Filadélfia, no estado do Tocantins, que foram diretamente atingidos pelas hidrelétricas: Peixe Angical, São Salvador e Estreito. A metodologia de análise para essa pesquisa foi a construção do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) a partir dos relatos coletados nas entrevistas semiestruturadas com os atores locais. Desse modo, foram realizadas 54 entrevistas no total, que versam sobre as expectativas local, participação/Comunicação, medidas de mitigação e compensação, efeitos pós-barragem, pontos positivos e negativos do empreendimento, e, por fim o relato das experiências e contribuições adquiridas com o processo. Os discursos dos representantes apontam que as promessas de desenvolvimento para o município não foram alcançadas e que houveram várias implicações negativas na localidade, destacando a frustração das expectativas locais, deficiência na comunicação e participação no processo, bem como, a evidência de pontos negativos se sobressaindo aos pontos positivos como percepção dos efeitos pós-barragem para o cenário atual.
Environmental impacts integrated assessment of Usina Verde (COPPE/UFRJ)
Authors: Almeida Josimar Ribeiro , Silva Cleber Vinicius Vitorio da , Souza Camilo Pinto de , Garcia Pauli Adriano de Almada , Lins Gustavo Alveiro , Lenz Elenice Rachid da Silva , Aguiar Laís Alencar de , Garcia Vanessa da Silva
Published: February 2021

The collection and disposal of solid waste is increasingly worrying public opinion and municipal administrations. Some measures have been carried out and shows good preliminary results. One such example is USINA VERDE, which receives 30 tons of solid waste daily. The waste is segregated according to the possibility of reuse or recycling and the rest is incinerated, generating energy and by-products. However, even presenting a set of environmental benefits, the facility needs to be the target of environmental impact assessments on a constant basis. The objective of this article is to evaluate the main expected impacts in the various phases of the project, namely those of implementation and operation of USINA VERDE, through matrix support and mathematical modeling of them. The proposed methodology shows that the facility is environmentally viable, provided that programs to mitigate its impacts are implemented.
Geotecnologias e qualidade da água: estudos em reservatórios de abastecimento público
Authors: Ramos Marcos de Paulo , Soares Ana Luiza Cunha , Nobrega Rodrigo Affonso de Albuquerque , Ramos Marcony de Paulo , Naime André Luiz Fonseca , Siqueira Lyssandro Norton
Published: February 2021

O uso e a ocupação do solo das bacias de contribuição dos reservatórios, além de outras atividades antrópicas, influenciam na qualidade das águas superficiais. Considerando-se os impactos causados pelas alterações da paisagem na qualidade da água, o conhecimento da dinâmica das mudanças de uso do solo nas bacias hidrográficas dos reservatórios de abastecimento público de regiões metropolitanas tornou-se uma atividade vital na gestão dos recursos hídricos. Tendo em vista a importância do gerenciamento do uso e ocupação do solo na qualidade da água, este artigo busca demonstrar como as geotecnologias podem contribuir na análise dos impactos das alterações no uso e ocupação do solo na qualidade da água em reservatórios de abastecimento público. A metodologia proposta envolve desde a caracterização e quantificação das classes de cobertura e uso do solo em diferentes épocas e sua correlação com os indicadores relativos à qualidade da água. O estudo ocorreu nos três reservatórios que compõem o sistema Paraopeba (Vargem das Flores, Serra Azul e Rio Manso), que é responsável por grande parte do abastecimento da população da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte/MG. Foram utilizados dados oficiais e de acesso público. A metodologia recorre a análises multitemporais da dinâmica das classes de uso e ocupação do solo e métricas da paisagem no entorno dos reservatórios. O processamento e a análise dos dados foram realizados nos softwares gratuitos QGIS 3.8 e Fragstats 4.2. Os resultados demonstram que as alterações no uso e ocupação do solo refletem na qualidade da água em reservatórios de abastecimento público de região metropolitana. Foi produzido um diagnóstico dos impactos das alterações superficiais da paisagem na qualidade da água. Os mapas classificados da Plataforma MapBiomas são satisfatórios no que diz respeito à qualidade temática (índice Kappa), demonstrando a viabilidade de sua utilização em análises ambientais. Os resultados alcançados, somados a outras informações, certamente permitiriam aos órgãos públicos (executivo e o ministério público) tomar decisões mais assertivas no que dizem respeito à gestão e fiscalização dos recursos hídricos. A pesquisa desenvolvida é original e como a metodologia proposta se valeu apenas de ferramentas gratuitas e dados públicos de órgãos oficiais, acreditamos que essa medida pode contribuir para a replicabilidade do trabalho.
Assessment of Activity Pacing in Relation to Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Abonie Ulric S. , Seves Bregje L. , Hoekstra Femke , Hoekstra Trynke , van der Woude Lucas H.V. , Dekker Rienk , Hettinga Florentina J.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Activity pacing is a behavioral strategy for coping with fatigue, optimizing physical activity (PA) levels, and achieving a paced approach to lifestyle and sustainable self-regulated exercise practice to optimize health and well-being. Yet little is known about how activity pacing affects PA and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) while controlling for fatigue and demographic characteristics over time in adults with multiple sclerosis (MS). This study examined the natural use of activity pacing and how it is associated with PA and HRQOL over time in adults with MS.

Methods:

Sixty-eight adults with MS (mean ± SD age, 45.2 ± 10.9 years) completed questionnaires on their activity pacing, fatigue, PA, and HRQOL 14, 33, and 52 weeks after rehabilitation. Associations between the variables were examined using multilevel models.

Results:

No associations were found between activity pacing and PA (β = −0.01, P = .89) or between activity pacing and HRQOL (β = −0.15, P = .09).

Conclusions:

This study provides an initial understanding of how activity pacing relates to PA and HRQOL in people with MS over time and indicates that there is no clear strategy among adults with MS that is successful in improving PA and HRQOL in the short or long term. Persons with MS may benefit from goal-directed activity pacing interventions to improve longitudinal engagement in PA, and the present study provides a foundation for further intervention development.
Neoliberal Turns in Global Humanitarian Governance
Authors: Rosamond Annika Bergman , Gregoratti Catia
Published: February 2021

In this article we seek to extend recent debates on how the promotion of
self-reliance through vocational training and entrepreneurship has become the
new neoliberal mantra among refugee-supporting agencies, policymakers and
humanitarian actors. More specifically, we do so in the context of corporate and
celebrity-endorsed humanitarian partnerships and initiatives that single out
refugee women and girls. Informed by postcolonial feminist scholarship and
guided by Carol Bacchi’s ‘what is the problem represented to
be’ (WPR) approach we compare IKEA’s partnership with the Jordan
River Foundation (JRF) in Jordan and Angelina Jolie’s support for the
RefuSHE project in Kenya. While differences between the two problem
representations exist, both initiatives seek to empower refugee women by
activating latent entrepreneurial abilities. These, we conclude, reinforce a
saviour/saved humanitarian logic while also obscuring the gender division of
responsibilities and precarious nature of artisanal labour.
La terminología de los programas electorales
Authors: Vàzquez Garcia Mercè
Published: February 2021

El pasado 20 de diciembre hubo elecciones generales para escoger los nuevos representantes del Congreso de los Diputados y el Senado en España. Como ya es habitual en este tipo de comicios, cada uno de los partidos políticos que se presentaban a las elecciones redactó su propio programa electoral, en el que se describe en detalle cuáles son las propuestas de gobierno para la próxima legislatura. Con motivo de estas elecciones, hemos analizado la terminología más destacada que se emplea en los programas electorales correspondientes a las formaciones políticas más destacadas.
Fútbol, comunicación, pancartas y glocalización
Authors: Juste Garrigós Jordi
Published: February 2021

La globalización del fútbol es un fenómeno de especial interés desde el punto de vista de la comunicación. El FC Barcelona y el RCD Espanyol de Barcelona sirven para explicar la importancia de la comunicación en la repercusión mundial de dos entidades deportivas de origen local.
¿Debemos tener en cuenta la TV en el panorama publicitario actual?
Authors: Montaña Blasco Mireia
Published: February 2021

A la hora de planificar una campaña, uno de los puntos más importantes es decidir el mix de medios que se utilizará y qué peso de inversión tendrá cada medio. La creciente evolución de Internet como medio publicitario se consolida mientras, en paralelo, la televisión continua liderando los rankings de inversión publicitaria. ¿Puede llegar a substituir Internet a la televisión en la planificación de medios?
Un álbum de cromos para celebrar un aniversario
Authors: Estanyol i Casals Elisenda
Published: February 2021

La Fundación Joan Miró celebra su 40 aniversario con una acción de comunicación original: una colección de cromos gratuitos para acercar la obra del pintor al público infantil y dar a conocer la nueva colección artística a los ciudadanos.
Gestión de la información bidireccional: 'top–down' y 'bottom–up'
Authors: Murciano Casino Rosalía
Published: February 2021

Durante los años anteriores a la crisis económica que estamos sufriendo, en EE.UU., cuna de las teorías de comunicación, management y de comportamiento informacional, ya se hablaba de cómo los procesos de comunicación y de intercambio de información dentro de las organizaciones influían claramente en el buen funcionamiento de las empresas y su adaptación al mercado cambiante. De hecho, la gestión interna de la información dentro de las empresas supone una clara diferencia durante los tiempos críticos y difíciles. Divide en dos tipos las organizaciones: aquellas que darán mejor satisfacción a los mercados, y a sus clientes, y, por tanto, perdurarán en el tiempo, y aquellas que no sobrevivirán a los cambios por no saber explotar sus conocimientos.
Mapas de conocimiento: creando valor con la información
Authors: Garcia Alsina Montserrat
Published: February 2021

En el día a día originamos información y documentos. Del mismo modo, necesitamos información para llevar a cabo las tareas que nos han asignado en el puesto de trabajo. ¿Qué pasa con la información que generamos? ¿Sabemos dónde podemos encontrar la información que necesitamos? ¿Tenemos identificadas las personas a las que puede ser útil la información que generamos dentro de la organización?
CRECS: el punto de encuentro de las revistas académicas
Authors: Ollé Candela
Published: February 2021

La sexta edición de la Conferencia Internacional sobre revistas de ciencias sociales y humanidades (CRECS) puso el foco en las transformaciones de la revisión por pares, la edición electrónica y la certificación de la calidad de las publicaciones. Los Estudios de Ciencias de la Información y la Comunicación tuvieron una activa participación, así como también la Biblioteca, con la presentación del nuevo modelo de gestión de las revistas científicas de la UOC.
Eventful Cities: nuevas estrategias de sostenibilidad
Authors: Ibañez Cantí Anna
Published: February 2021

El pasado 11 de mayo se celebró en el Centro de Estudios y Recursos Culturales (CERC) la sesión abierta Ciudades efímeras, ciudades de eventos: nuevas estrategias de sostenibilidad de ciudad del encuentro anual del ATLAS Events Special Interest Group enmarcada en el seminario internacional sobre eventos para repensar el concepto de ciudades efímeras y ciudades de eventos organizado por ATLAS y #UOCeventos.
Artistas, intelectuales y otros aburridos
Authors: Creus Amalia
Published: February 2021

¿Recuerdas la última vez que has estado realmente aburrido? Un largo trayecto en el metro, una cola, una sala de espera… Por lo general, nos gusta la acción: agenda llena, últimas tendencias, movimiento, diversión, pisar a fondo el acelerador. El aburrimiento, por el contrario, tiene mala reputación; es primo de la vagancia, vecino de los malos vicios y enemigo de la buena disposición pero ¿realmente es así? Artistas, intelectuales y otros aburridos defienden que no…
A Non-stop identity complex (NIC) supervises enterocyte identity and protects from premature aging
Authors: Erez Neta , Israitel Lena , Bitman-Lotan Eliya , Wong Wing H , Raz Gal , Cornelio-Parra Dayanne V , Danial Salwa , Flint Brodsly Na'ama , Belova Elena , Maksimenko Oksana , Georgiev Pavel , Druley Todd , Mohan Ryan D , Orian Amir
Published: February 2021

A hallmark of aging is loss of differentiated cell identity. AgedDrosophilamidgut differentiated enterocytes (ECs) lose their identity, impairing tissue homeostasis. To discover identity regulators, we performed an RNAi screen targeting ubiquitin-related genes in ECs. Seventeen genes were identified, including the deubiquitinase Non-stop (CG4166). Lineage tracing established that acute loss of Non-stop in young ECs phenocopies aged ECs at cellular and tissue levels. Proteomic analysis unveiled that Non-stop maintains identity as part of a Non-stop identity complex (NIC) containing E(y)2, Sgf11, Cp190, (Mod) mdg4, and Nup98. Non-stop ensured chromatin accessibility, maintaining the EC-gene signature, and protected NIC subunit stability. Upon aging, the levels of Non-stop and NIC subunits declined, distorting the unique organization of the EC nucleus. Maintaining youthful levels of Non-stop in wildtype aged ECs safeguards NIC subunits, nuclear organization, and suppressed aging phenotypes. Thus, Non-stop and NIC, supervise EC identity and protects from premature aging.
A multifaceted analysis reveals two distinct phases of chloroplast biogenesis during de-etiolation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Pipitone Rosa , Eicke Simona , Pfister Barbara , Glauser Gaetan , Falconet Denis , Uwizeye Clarisse , Pralon Thibaut , Zeeman Samuel C , Kessler Felix , Demarsy Emilie
Published: February 2021

Light triggers chloroplast differentiation whereby the etioplast transforms into a photosynthesizing chloroplast and the thylakoid rapidly emerges. However, the sequence of events during chloroplast differentiation remains poorly understood. Using Serial Block Face Scanning Electron Microscopy (SBF-SEM), we generated a series of chloroplast 3D reconstructions during differentiation, revealing chloroplast number and volume and the extent of envelope and thylakoid membrane surfaces. Furthermore, we used quantitative lipid and whole proteome data to complement the (ultra)structural data, providing a time-resolved, multi-dimensional description of chloroplast differentiation. This showed two distinct phases of chloroplast biogenesis: an initial photosynthesis-enabling ‘Structure Establishment Phase’ followed by a ‘Chloroplast Proliferation Phase’ during cell expansion. Moreover, these data detail thylakoid membrane expansion during de-etiolation at the seedling level and the relative contribution and differential regulation of proteins and lipids at each developmental stage. Altogether, we establish a roadmap for chloroplast differentiation, a critical process for plant photoautotrophic growth and survival.
Quo Vadis, AI?
Authors: Devedžić Vladan
Published: February 2021

Research Question: This article reflects on currently popular topics and future development and application of AI. Motivation: AI has become a key technology in many areas – from business and services, to science engineering and engineering, natural language processing and news, publishing and writing, human resource management and education, medicine and healthcare, transportation and aviation, government, military and agriculture. Idea: As the field advances and expands at an unprecedented pace, it becomes more and more difficult to distinguish between AI and other fields. Data: The article is based on a qualitative analysis of relevant literature and direct insights into the field of AI during the last 35 years. Tools: The article uses direct observation and content analysis to derive conclusions. Findings: Just like any other technology, AI has both its bright and its dark sides. There is a number of expectations, hopes and promises of AI that still remain to be fulfilled, yet new avenues for further development open day after day. Contribution: The article attempts to put AI developments in different contexts and shed different lights on AI applications in general, AI applications in business, in particular, and current limitations, trends and challenges in the field.
Book review of: "Finance and Sustainable Development: Designing Sustainable Financial Systems" by the Ziolo, M (Ed)
Authors: Miśkiewicz Dorota , Oliwa Bartosz
Published: February 2021

Book review of: Finance and Sustainable Development: Designing Sustainable Financial Systems. (2020) Editor M. Ziolo, Routledge, Taylor&Francis Group, London and New York,p. 290, ISBN: 978-0367819767
Sensitivity analysis of the infection transmissibility in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Biglarbeigi Pardis , Ng Kok Yew , Finlay Dewar , Bond Raymond , Jing Min , McLaughlin James
Published: February 2021

The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak started in December 2019 and rapidly spread around the world affecting millions of people. With the growth of infection rate, many countries adopted different policies to control the spread of the disease. The UK implemented strict rules instructing individuals to stay at home except in some special circumstances starting from 23 March 2020. Accordingly, this study focuses on sensitivity analysis of transmissibility of the infection as the effects of removing restrictions, for example by returning different occupational groups to their normal working environment and its effect on the reproduction number in the UK. For this reason, available social contact matrices are adopted for the population of UK to account for the average number of contacts. Different scenarios are then considered to analyse the variability of total contacts on the reproduction number in the UK as a whole and each of its four nations. Our data-driven retrospective analysis shows that if more than 38.5% of UK working-age population return to their normal working environment, the reproduction number in the UK is expected to be higher than 1. However, analysis of each nation, separately, shows that local reproduction number in each nation may be different and requires more adequate analysis. Accordingly, we believe that using statistical methods and historical data can provide good estimation of local transmissibility and reproduction number in any region. As a consequence of this analysis, efforts to reduce the restrictions should be implemented locally via different control policies. It is important that these policies consider the social contacts, population density, and the occupational groups that are specific to each region.
Harnessing the Web: How Chiropractic Education Survives and Thrives During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Chiropractic Educators Research Forum (CERF), December 5, 2020
Authors:   Chiropractic Educators Research Forum
Published: February 2021

This conference was convened by the Chiropractic Educators Research Forum (CERF) on December 5, 2020. This meeting provided a forum for the presentation of scholarly works in chiropractic education theory and practice. This conference specifically focused on research related to chiropractic education during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the December 2020 CERF meeting, presenters and panelists took an in depth look at how programs worked to meet program objectives, graduation requirements, accreditation, and other activities during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Hand Hygiene: Knowledge and Practice among Healthcare Workers in the Paediatrics and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital
Authors: Appiah-Thompson Peter , Ashong Josephine
Published: February 2021

Aims: To assess the knowledge of hand hygiene among health care workers in the Paediatrics Department and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH). To determine the hand hygiene practice among health care workers. To determine the barriers to hand washing practices in the Paediatrics Department.

Study Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was done.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Paediatrics between 14th February, 2020 to 12th March ,2020

Methodology: 81 health workers including 31 doctors and 50 nurses (35 working nurses and 15 nursing students) who have direct contact to patients on the wards were included in the study. A World Health Organization (WHO) adopted self-administered questionnaire on hand hygiene was used.

Results: From the study, 75.3% of the respondents had fair knowledge on hand hygiene and 24.7% also had poor knowledge. Most doctors generally had a better knowledge of hand hygiene whilst nurses generally had poor knowledge. With a p-value of 0.002, a statistical association was found between having received formal education and the performance of routine hand hygiene practices.  Some barriers affecting hand hygiene practice included forgetfulness, lack of time and lack of alcohol-based hand rub.

Conclusion: In conclusion, most of the health care workers had a fair knowledge on hand hygiene with a few having poor knowledge. Majority of health care workers reported they routinely use hand washing and alcohol hand rub in their daily practice.

Regular education and practice of hand hygiene are essential to prevention of spread of diseases especially during this time of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Assessment of Knowledge about Iron Deficiency Anemia among the Adult Women in Selected Hospitals of Dhaka City
Authors: Sultana Tania , Jahan Israt , Sarker Md Jahangir Alam , Ferdous Khaleda , Shamsuddin Abul Kalam , Ahmed Md Ranzu
Published: February 2021

Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutrient deficiencies, affecting 2 billion people in worldwide. It is also the leading cause of anemia. Estimates of the national prevalence of anemia in Bangladesh have remained constant at 74% for the past 30 years. This high rate of anemia is a major public health concern for Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge level about Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) & nutritional status among the adult women and the pregnant women in the selected hospitals of Dhaka city. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted for the study. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used for the data collection. The results showed that, majority of the respondents 140 (70%) were pregnant and 60 (30%) were non pregnant among 200 respondents. The Mean ± (sd) age of study population was ±33 years. From all respondents the literacy rate of women were maximum (69%) but knowledge about IDA & nutritional status were not enough at all. Among the respondents the knowledge about IDA & nutritional status of adult women were 23% good, 40% moderate and 37% very poor. In pregnancy period 74% of the respondents did not take their iron related drugs regularly. Most of the adult women and the pregnant women were not significant knowledgeable regarding IDA, nutritional education & modified dietary habit. So, campaign for awareness on healthy life style practice is required for reducing this problem. Overall Government approach is also recommended for the lower prevalence rate of IDA.
Microsurgery Training: Are the Live Models Era Coming in to the Tail? – A Literature Review
Authors: Hosain M. M.
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Microsurgery is a relatively new speciality with steep learning patterns. Before practice in real fields surgeons need adequate training to gain the expertise. Different types of living and non-living simulators are used to gain the efficiency. As the living simulator has issues with complexity, availability, cost, ethical approval and special setting and available resources an alternative less complex, inexpensive, no ethical issues, easily available, effective non-living models are demanded by the trainers.  

Objective: Review the relevant articles to see the justification of use of live models for microsurgery training and to see is there any alternative non-living model to replace living model.

Materials and Methods: A PubMed and Google Scholar search for key words ‘(microsurgery) AND (training)) AND (live models)) AND (non-living models)) AND (education)’ were performed in February 2021.  Total 422 literatures were found from January 1990 to February 2021. Among them 29 were found relevant with topics. Among them 17 were finally selected for discussion.

Conclusion: Evidences showed non-living low fidelity models are as effective as high fidelity living model in microsurgery training. Many of the studies with ex vivo models have showed promising results which support replacement of live models in basic and intermediate courses. However, those are not sufficient to support for total ban of live models specially in advance microsurgery courses. We are hoping, in near future some blended non-living models may come up using digital or virtual reality technology which can replace the live model era. Further research with highest level of evidences are required.
CCR7 and its related molecules may be potential biomarkers of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Cai Mengsi , Li Xiuchun , Dong Haoru , Wang Ying , Huang Xiaoying
Published: February 2021

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic progressive cardiovascular disease characterized by vascular remodeling and leading to right‐heart failure. The purpose of this research was to further study the pathogenesis of PAH and to detect potential prognostic signatures. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) selected from GSE38267 were mostly enriched in inflammation‐related pathways, suggesting inflammation may be involved in the occurrence and development of PAH. Through the prediction and verification of related miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs using online databases and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, CCR7 and its related molecules, including hsa‐let‐7e‐5p and SNHG12, were identified as possible targets. The expression levels of CCR7, hsa‐let‐7e‐5p and SNHG12 were then verified by quantitative RT‐PCR in vivo and in vitro. Further study showed that silencing of SNHG12 decreased the expression of CCR7 under hypoxia treatment in vitro. Dual‐luciferase reporter assays were used to verify the relationship between hsa‐let‐7e‐5p and SNHG12. Collectively, our research reveals that a long noncoding RNA–miRNA–mRNA interaction network may be involved in the pathogenesis of PAH and suggests SNHG12, hsa‐let‐7e‐5p and CCR7 as potential biomarkers for PAH.
Laser‐Empowered Random Metasurfaces for White Light Printed Image Multiplexing
Authors: Destouches Nathalie , Sharma Nipun , Vangheluwe Marie , Dalloz Nicolas , Vocanson Francis , Bugnet Matthieu , Hébert Mathieu , Siegel Jan
Published: February 2021

Printed image multiplexing based on the design of metasurfaces has attracted much interest in the past decade. Optical switching between different images displayed directly on the metasurface is performed by altering the parameters of the incident light such as polarization, wavelength, or incidence angle. When using white light, only two‐image multiplexing is implemented with polarization switching. Such metasurfaces are made of nanostructures perfectly controlled individually, which provide high‐resolution pixels but small images and involve long fabrication processes. Here, it is demonstrated that laser processing of nanocomposites offers a versatile low‐cost, high‐speed method with large area processing capabilities for controlling the statistical properties of random metasurfaces, allowing up to three‐image multiplexing under white light illumination. By independently controlling absorption and interference effects, colors in reflection and transmission can be varied independently yielding two‐image multiplexing under white light. Using anisotropy of plasmonic nanoparticles, a third image can be multiplexed and revealed through polarization changes. The design strategy, the fundamental properties, and the versatility of implementation of these laser‐empowered random metasurfaces are discussed. The technique, applied on flexible substrate, can find applications in information encryption or functional switchable optical devices, and offers many advantages for visual security and anticounterfeiting.
Tandem Interactive Sensing Display De‐Convoluting Dynamic Pressure and Temperature
Authors: Jin Wookyoung , Kim Eui Hyuk , Lee Seokyeong , Yu Seunggun , Han Hyowon , Kim Gwangmook , Lee Seung Won , Jang Jihye , Lee Chang Eun , Shim Wooyoung , Park Cheolmin
Published: February 2021

Despite great advances in stimuli‐interactive displays, which can directly visualize pressure, temperature, and humidity, a single interactive display platform capable of quantitatively discriminating the dynamic variation of two stimuli has yet to be developed. Here, a tandem interactive sensing display demonstrates not only direct visualization of both pressure and temperature but also the quantitative de‐convolution of these two simultaneously varied stimuli. The tandem display consists of five polymer layers vertically stacked on a transparent substrate: a temperature‐responsive ionic polymer, field‐induced blue light‐emitting unit (1), conductive polymer electrode with a parallel gap, field‐induced orange‐light‐emitting unit (2), and topologically structured pressure‐responsive layer. Impedance change of the responsive layers upon dynamic temperature and pressure is monitored simultaneously, providing stimuli‐interactive electroluminescence of light‐emitting units (1) and (2), respectively, when an alternating current (AC) field is applied between two polymer electrodes. Dynamic and simultaneous variation of temperature, 30–80 °C, and pressure, 0.5–20 kPa, are conveniently mapped in 3D coordinates of light intensity (z‐axis) and color (x‐y plane), producing a 2D contour surface plot. This provides an efficient and quantitative de‐convolution of unknown combinations of temperature and pressure stimuli. Furthermore, arrays of the tandem interactive displays broaden the versatility of dynamic visualization of multiple stimuli.
Wielding the Double‐Edged Sword of Inflammation: Building Biomaterial‐Based Strategies for Immunomodulation in Ischemic Stroke Treatment
Authors: Letko Khait Nitzan , Ho Eric , Shoichet Molly S.
Published: February 2021

Stroke is a leading cause of disability with no current treatment to regenerate lost brain tissue. Innovative preclinical and clinical trials have attempted to improve stroke recovery by promoting cell survival, downregulating astrogliosis and inflammation, and improving neurogenesis and angiogenesis; however, the complexity of stroke pathophysiology raises many challenges. Previous attempts to grossly inhibit the inflammatory reaction failed to improve stroke outcomes, prompting scientists to explore selective modulation rather than unbiased inhibition. Although experimental studies involving immunomodulation are successful, strategies have largely failed in the clinic. Some of these approaches are hindered by poor delivery efficiency or cell survival, challenges that could be at least partially overcome using biomaterials. Biomaterials may enhance immunomodulatory processes by improving drug and cell delivery to the injured tissue. Furthermore, the materials themselves can support healing and may be designed to act as immunomodulators, thereby contributing to tissue regeneration and endogenous repair processes. Described here are novel biomaterial‐based strategies to modulate the immune response after ischemic stroke, with an emphasis on extracellular matrix mimetics and hydrogels for local delivery of drugs and cells. Finally, a future perspective is described, highlighting the potential of these therapies to achieve clinical translation and improve patients’ functional repair.
Designing Rational Interfacial Bonds for Hierarchical Mineral‐Type Trogtalite with Double Carbon towards Ultra‐Fast Sodium‐Ions Storage Properties
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhao Wenqing , Yuan Shaohui , Zhang Liming , Yang Yue , Ge Peng , Ji Xiaobo
Published: February 2021

Engineering advanced sodium‐ion storage materials with considerable kinetic behaviors have triggered a series of active explorations. However they still suffer from interfacial gaps and uncompleted redox reactions, bringing about poor rate abilities. Herein, through the strategy of salt‐fixed and thermochemical manners, the CoSe2/OC with interfacial chemical CoOC bonds are successfully prepared, displaying the reduced particles and optimized structural features. Meanwhile, from the analysis of long‐term phase changing curves and ex‐situ technologies, the CoSe2 would be decomposed into CoSe and Se phases but captured by the synergistic effect of their physical‐chemical evolutions, while the structure and new‐type are stabilized after cycling. Profiting from the “bridge” roles of bonds, the electrons are effectively accelerated with the deepening redox reactions. As expected, based on these advantages, the ultra‐fast abilities are reached about 346 mAh g−1 at 15.0 A g−1 after 3500 cycles, and their capacity of full‐cells are also kept at about 326 mAh g−1 (cathodes Na3V2(PO4)3@C vs anodes CoSe2/OC). The detailed analysis of kinetic behaviors strongly demonstrated that the increased interfacial charge storage and conductivities are crucial for promoting the ions‐storage abilities. Given this, the rational work is anticipated to provide significant strategies for advanced energy‐storage materials.
Toward Electrically Pumped Organic Lasers: A Review and Outlook on Material Developments and Resonator Architectures
Authors: Zhang Qi , Tao Wenwen , Huang Jingsong , Xia Ruidong , Cabanillas-Gonzalez Juan
Published: February 2021

Organic lasers have undergone decades of development. A myriad of materials with excellent optical gain properties, including small molecules, dendrimers, and polymers, have been demonstrated. Various resonator geometries have also been applied. While sharing the advantages of the solution processability and mechanical flexibility features of organic materials, organic optical gain media also offer interesting optical properties, such as emission tunability through chemical functionalization and inherent large optical gain coefficients. They offer prospects for different applications in the fields of bioimaging, medicine, chemo‐ and biosensing, anticounterfeit applications, or displays. However, the realization of electrically pumped organic lasers still remains a challenge due to the inherent drawbacks of organic semiconductors, e.g., modest carrier mobility, long‐lived excited‐state absorption, and extra losses which originate in the device (e.g., absorption from metal electrodes). Herein, the past developments of organic lasers are discussed, highlighting the importance of materials and cavities with regard to the goal of electrically pumped organic lasers. The latest progress and the possible ways to address the challenge are discussed.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Dehydrative Amination of Sulfamate Esters Tethered to Allylic Alcohols: A Strategy for the Synthesis of Cyclic Sulfamidates
Authors: Park Yunjeong , Lee Ji Sun , Ryu Jae‐Sang
Published: February 2021

An efficient synthesis protocol for cyclic sulfamidates has been developed via catalytic intramolecular cyclizations of sulfamate esters tethered to allylic alcohols. The reactions proceed smoothly at room temperature in the presence of (IPr)AuCl (5 mol%) and AgBF4 (5 mol%). This protocol features good to excellent yields, high selectivity, broad substrate scope, and mild reaction conditions. This method is also applicable to the synthesis of a seven‐membered sulfamidate.

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Enhanced Energy‐Storage Properties and Good Temperature Stability in 0.92(Sr0.7Bi0.2)TiO3–0.08Bi(Mg0.5Hf0.5)O3 Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramic
Authors: Kong Xi , Yang Letao , Cheng Zhenxiang , Zhang Shujun
Published: February 2021

Herein, the (1 − x)(Sr0.7Bi0.2)TiO3–xBi(Mg0.5Hf0.5)O3 (SBT–100xBMH, x = 0.04–0.10) relaxor ferroelectric ceramics are fabricated via the high‐temperature solid‐state reaction method. Dielectric and ferroelectric measurements reveal a typical relaxor characteristic with diffused and frequency‐dependent dielectric peaks. The characteristic Weibull breakdown strength (BDS) of 470 kV cm−1 with satisfied reliability is obtained by DC breakdown measurement. A maximum recoverable energy density of 3.5 J cm−3 with the corresponding energy efficiency of 92% is simultaneously achieved at 380 kV cm−1. The recoverable energy density exhibits minor degradations from ambient temperature to 200 °C with variation below 20%, whereas the energy efficiency is maintained above 90%. In addition, the SBT–8BMH ceramic possesses a fast charge–discharge speed with high discharge power density of 2.9 MW cm−3. All the results make this lead‐free relaxor ferroelectric ceramic a promising potential candidate for high‐temperature energy‐storage capacitor applications.