bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SHEIKH SAID CASE: REBELLION OR REVOLT
Authors: Çoban Ebru
Published: March 2022

Türk siyasal hayatının en tartışmalı bir o kadar da önemli
mevzulardan biri Şeyh Said hadisesi veya isyanıdır. Hadise ya
da isyan kavramları siyasal tarihçilerinin konuya veya politik
durumlarına göre değişkenlik gösterebilir. Öte yandan bir başka
düşünce de olayı İslami bir kisve içerisinde ele alan ve bu olayın
bir kıyam olduğuna yönelik bakış açısıdır. Olayın başlangıcı,
yayılımı ve sona ermesi neticesinde kesin bir ifade
konulamamasının sebebi de Şeyh Said’in hem Kürt asıllı olması
hem de şeyh olmasından gelmektedir. Esasında Şeyh Said’e
isyan eden ayrılıkçı veya Kürtçü olarak nitelendiren bakış
açısındaki nirengi noktası da Cumhuriyet rejimine yönelik
başkaldırıyla ilgili olan yorumlardır. Bu çalışmanın esas noktası
Şeyh Said hadisesinin isyan veya kıyam olup olmadığına
yönelik tartışmalar çerçevesinde bir eleştirel tutum üzerine inşa
edilmesidir. Yine çalışmanın önemli noktalarından biri hadise
devam ederken ele geçirilen mektuplar ya da hadise sırasında
taraf değiştirenlerin birinci ağızdan aktardıkları söylemlerdir.
Ayrıca, hadise sona erdikten sonra kurulan İstiklal
Mahkemeleri’nin kayıtları incelenerek olayın arka planı ve
çıkış sebepleri aydınlatılmaya çalışmıştır.
Bu çalışmanın ana parametrelerinden biri de İstiklal
Mahkemeleri’nde yargılananların hemen hemen tümü bu
kıyama İslami emeller uğruna katılması, devletin şerî hukuktan
ayrılması ve en önemlisi halifeliğin kaldırılmasına tepki
göstermek için isyanın başlamasıdır. Yine yargılananlardan
bazılarının Kürt bağımsız hareketinin önderlerinden olması
hasebiyle de bu hadiseye isyan kavramı etrafında bir söylem
geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Şeyh Said, Kıyam, İsyan, İstiklal
Mahkemeleri, Kürtler
Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Manifestations in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ali Aaisham , Schmidt Melanie , Piskin David , Crowley Eileen , Berard Roberta
Published: March 2022

Objective

Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (p‐IBD) is a chronic relapsing gastrointestinal disorder of childhood with long‐term morbidity. Several extraintestinal manifestations are described, the most common being joint pain and/or inflammation. However, patient and disease characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of p‐IBD‐associated musculoskeletal disease are not well established. Our study aims to summarize the recent literature on the epidemiology of musculoskeletal manifestations in p‐IBD in the era of biologics.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science Core Collection, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases was performed with relevant keywords. Studies in English published from January 1, 2000, to December 21, 2020, were included. In total, 3893 articles were identified and screened. Study and population characteristics and outcomes of interest were recorded. Risk of bias assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools.

Results

Thirteen studies were included for full review, which were primarily single‐center observational studies with retrospective or cross‐sectional designs. The diagnostic criteria and definitions used for musculoskeletal manifestations varied. Musculoskeletal manifestation prevalence ranged from 2% to 35%. Only one study assessed the response of musculoskeletal manifestations to biologics. Risk of bias demonstrated heterogeneity in study quality.

Conclusion

This is the first systematic review of musculoskeletal manifestations in p‐IBD. Analysis was limited because of variability in study design and data‐reporting methods. Definitions varied among included studies, with a clear lack in standardization. Our study demonstrates the need for standardized assessment of musculoskeletal manifestations of p‐IBD and further research to explore optimal management to advance care for this group of children.
Chronic airway disease in primary ciliary dyskinesia—spiced with geno–phenotype associations
Authors: Nielsen Kim G , Holgersen Mathias G , Crowley Suzanne , Marthin June K
Published: March 2022

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) can be defined as a multiorgan ciliopathy with a dominant element of chronic airway disease affecting the nose, sinuses, middle ear, and in particular, the lower airways. Although most patients with PCD are diagnosed during preschool years, it is obvious that the chronic lung disease starts its course already from birth. The many faces of the clinical picture change, as does lung function, structural lung damage, the burden of infection, and of treatment throughout life. A markedly severe neutrophil inflammation in the respiratory tract seems pervasive and is only to a minimal extent ameliorated by a treatment strategy, which is predominantly aimed at bacterial infections. An ever‐increasing understanding of the different aspects, their interrelationships, and possible different age courses conditioned by the underlying genotype is the focus of much attention. The future is likely to offer personalized medicine in the form of mRNA therapy, but to that end, it is of utmost importance that all patients with PCD be carefully characterized and given a genetic diagnosis. In this narrative review, we have concentrated on lower airways and summarized the current understanding of the chronic airway disease in this motile ciliopathy. In addition, we highlight the challenges, gaps, and opportunities in PCD lung disease research.
Stability of conformable stochastic systems depending on a parameter
Authors: Ben Makhlouf Abdellatif , Mchiri Lassaad , Rhaima Mohamed , Hammami Mohamed Ali
Published: March 2022

In this work, we study the almost sure exponential stability (A.S.E.S) and the exponential stability in p‐th moment (E.S.P.M) of conformable stochastic systems depending on a parameter (CSSP) by using the Lyapunov methods and the classical stochastic analysis techniques. In the last section, we apply the main result for an illustrative example.
Membrane Anchorage‐Induced (MAGIC) Knockdown of Non‐synonymous Point Mutations**
Authors: Ulaganathan Vijay Kumar
Published: March 2022

The promise of personalized medicine for monogenic and complex polygenic diseases depends on the availability of strategies for targeted inhibition of disease‐associated polymorphic protein variants. Loss of function variants, including non‐synonymous single nucleotide variants (nsSNVs) and insertion/deletion producing a frameshift, account for the vast majority of disease‐related genetic changes. Because it is challenging to interpret the functional consequences of nsSNVs, they are considered a big barrier for personalized medicine. A method for inhibiting the specific expression of nsSNVs without editing the human genome will facilitate the elucidation of the biology of nsSNVs, but such a method is currently lacking. Here, I describe the phenomenon of membrane anchorage‐induced (MAGIC) knockdown and allele‐specific inhibition of protein and mRNA expression upon inner membrane tethering of point mutation‐specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb). This phenomenon is likely mediated by a mechanism distinct from the protein degradation pathways, as the epitope‐specific knockdown is replicated upon intracellular expression of a membrane‐anchored single domain intrabody that lacks the Fc domain of the mAb. By harnessing the MAGIC knockdown of epitope‐containing protein targets, I report a novel approach for inhibiting the expression of amino‐acid‐altering germline and somatic nsSNVs. As a proof‐of‐concept, I show the inhibition of human disease‐associated variants namely, FGFR4 p.G388R, KRAS p.G12D and BRAF p.V600E protein variants. This method opens up a new avenue for not just therapeutic suppression of undruggable protein variants, but also for functional interrogation of the nsSNVs of unknown significance.
Internet of medical things‐based multitiered and hybrid architectural framework for effective heart disease prediction model
Authors: Raghavan Nair Lalitha Priya , Jinny S. Vinila
Published: March 2022

Cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases are becoming a global threat. The alarming fact about Cardio‐vascular diseases (CVD) is that rural areas are recording a high number of heart failures compared to urban areas. The proposed research work intends to create an effective medical setup in country‐wide through Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)‐based multitiered and hybrid architectural framework and Machine Learning (ML) model. The proposed architecture collects the medical data using the IoMT devices. During data preprocessing, categorical data are encoded using one‐hot mechanism and is normalized using standard scalar technique. In addition, feature selection mechanisms are applied to choose the best significant features using hybrid sequence of Filter—Wrapper—Ensemble approach. To reduce the diagnostic barriers in health prediction model, an efficient method of Bayesian optimization for hyperparameter tuning and k‐fold cross‐validation resampling technique is applied to evaluate various conventional and ensemble ML techniques. The prediction results show the high accuracy of 86.47% and 85.81% using Logistic Regression and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoosting) algorithm, respectively. In particular, the accuracy obtained using decision tree for the proposed approach is higher (80.53%) than that of existing approach (73.22%).
Aggregation‐Induced Emission, Mechanofluorochromism, and Selective Fluoride Detection by a Tripodal Salicylaldimine
Authors: Marandi Parvati , Tyagi Nidhi , Neelakandan Prakash P.
Published: March 2022

Fluoride ions are indispensable in biology and environmental science and hence the selective and sensitive detection of fluoride is important. This work reports the design and synthesis of a tripodal Schiff's base 1 through a simple condensation reaction between a commercially available aldehyde and an amine. Single crystal X‐ray crystallography revealed that compound 1 is a planar entity with the three salicylidene derivatives on the three arms of the central phenyl moiety linked by imine groups. Compound 1 forms a molecular dimer that resembles a six‐petal flower and is stabilized through multiple intermolecular interactions such as C−H.π and π.π interactions. Compound 1 exhibited moderately good emission in the solid state with aggregation induced emission and reversible mechanofluorochromic properties. Moreover, 1 was observed to selectively detect fluoride among various anions with a limit of detection of ∼9 ppm. Compound 1 was also capable of detecting fluoride under a variety of conditions such as in thin films and under cellular conditions.
An automated machine learning methodology for the improved prediction of reference evapotranspiration using minimal input parameters
Authors: Mangalath Ravindran Sowmya , Moorakkal Bhaskaran Santosh Kumar , K. Ambat Sooraj , Balakrishnan Kannan , Manguttathil Gopalakrishnan Manoj
Published: March 2022

An accurate and minimal meteorological parameter‐based reference evapotranspiration (ETo) computational model is highly essential to design a cost‐effective and automated solution for precise water allocation in various agricultural and hydrological applications. Automated machine learning (AutoML), a substantially progressive machine learning (ML) paradigm, expedites the data science applications in these domains by automating and alleviating the tedious tasks of developing ML pipelines, particularly in non‐linear hydrological process modelling. This paper proposes an AutoML solution for daily EToprediction in a limited input parameter scenario, for the first time in EToestimation research. Two AutoML frameworks, AutoGluon‐Tabular (AGT) and H2O AutoML were implemented using daily meteorological data of a humid tropical climatic region of Kerala, India and evaluated its performance with the radiation‐based empirical methods and traditional ML methods. The developed AutoML models imitated the input parameter combinations of radiation‐based empirical models such as Priestley‐Taylor, Makkink, Turc and Ritchie, with the Penman‐Monteith EToserving as the target for modelling process. An improvement of mean absolute error from 0.119 to 0.078 mm/day, mean squared error from 0.035 to 0.017 mm/day, root mean squared error from 0.186 to 0.129 mm/day, root mean squared logarithmic error from 0.078 to 0.026 mm/day, and coefficient of determination (R2) from 0.971 to 0.985 observed in the AutoML model, AGT relative to the empirical model, Turc describes its enhanced performance capability. For demonstrating the superiority of AutoML to traditional ML techniques, another set of AutoML models were also developed based on California Irrigation Management Information System datasets and evaluated them with existing study results in literature. The overall result analysis demonstrated the superiority of AGT model in EToprediction in all the weather stations considered in this study. The results of the study confirm that AutoML techniques can be applied to any hydrological dataset and provide an effective automated solution for hydrological process modelling.
The effect of smart fertigation systems on chilli grown in a greenhouse for urban farming
Authors: Cui Hairu , Hanafi Marsyita , Fazlil Ilahi Wan Fazilah , Zamri Mohd Amir Sabrin , Shafie Siti Mariam , Mashohor Syamsiah
Published: March 2022

Reasonable fertigation methods are essential for plant growth, as excessive or inadequate water and fertilizer supply can lead to plant diseases, resource consumption, or even crop production reduction. These problems are common to local farmers in Malaysia, especially for large‐scale chilli cultivation using traditional irrigation approaches in rural areas. These problems need to be addressed, as chilli are one of Malaysia's high‐cash crops with massive local demands. Realizing an efficient irrigation control approach using an innovative fertigation method is a potential solution to tackle such problems. This paper proposes a smart fertigation system for chilli cultivation in greenhouses in urban areas to increase chilli production and improve irrigation management. The proposed system utilized the fuzzy logic method for intelligent irrigation decisions, where the decision is based on the input data provided by soil moisture, temperature, and humidity sensors. In addition, the proposed system can monitor and control irrigation in the greenhouse remotely through a website that was developed using the Hostinger platform. The results showed that the fuzzy‐based fertigation approach produced approximately 50% irrigation application efficiency and a higher growth gradient and chilli yield than the traditional approach in both cycles.
Social media: An essential capability for business effectiveness?
Authors: Rodríguez Gutiérrez Paola Isabel , Pastor Pérez María del Pilar , Collado Agudo Jesús
Published: March 2022

The issue of social media is rather new and unexplored in comprehending how this capability can improve effectiveness in emerging economies, in particular, that of the companies classified as micro, small and medium‐sized (MSMEs). It is argued that some company and manager characteristics may affect the role of social media in business performance, therefore this research attempts to answer the following questions: Does the use of social media contribute to improving performance of MSMEs? How does the relationship behave according to the characteristics of the company and those of the manager? For this purpose, the resource‐based view of the firm is used as a framework of the analysis, which was carried out with data collected before the COVID pandemic. To validate the proposed hypotheses, we used Structural Equation Model (SEM) with a sample of 229 Mexican enterprises. The main contribution of this study is twofold: providing empirical evidence on the existence of influence from social media capability to the business performance and effectiveness of MSMEs in a Latin American emergent economy, even before the imposition of radical constraints by the pandemic; and the key theoretical implication is a better understanding of the nature of this influence.
Depression Symptoms and Olfactory‐related Quality of Life
Authors: Liu David T. , Prem Bernhard , Sharma Gunjan , Kaiser Julia , Besser Gerold , Mueller Christian A.
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Patients with olfactory dysfunction (OD) frequently report symptoms of depression. The objective of this study was to determine how clinical characteristics and olfactory‐related quality of life (QoL) measures associate with the likelihood for major depressive disorders (MDDs).

Methods

A total of 192 OD patients were included. Olfactory function was measured using all three subtests of the Sniffn' Sticks test. Olfactory‐related quality of life (QoL) was evaluated using the Questionnaires of Olfactory Dysfunction (QOD)‐negative (NS) and ‐positive statement (PS). The likelihood for MDD was assessed using the Patients Health Questionnaire‐2 (PHQ‐2). Demographics and disease‐specific variables (etiology and duration of OD) were collected. Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to associate disease‐specific variables and the QOD with the outcome of the PHQ‐2. Additionally, the predictive ability of the QOD‐NS to predict depressive symptoms was calculated.

Results

In univariate analysis, COVID‐19 related smell loss, the QOD‐NS, and the QOD‐PS were significantly associated with the PHQ‐2. In multivariable analyses adjusting for QoL measures, the QOD‐NS (ß = 0.532, p < 0.001) and sinonasal OD (compared with postinfectious OD) were significantly associated with the PHQ‐2 (ß = 0.146, p = 0.047). When omitting QoL measures from multivariable analyses, only COVID‐19 related OD (compared with postinfectious OD) was significantly associated with the PHQ‐2 (ß = 0.287, p = 0.009). A QOD‐NS score > 20.5 had 70.13% sensitivity and 76.32% specificity for detecting symptoms of depression.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that COVID‐19 related OD might be associated with a higher likelihood for MDD. Furthermore, we showed that the QOD‐NS score might be helpful to predict symptoms of depression in OD patients.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 132:1829–1834, 2022
Better together: Integrating biomedical informatics and healthcare IT operations to create a learning health system during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Payne Philip R.O. , Wilcox Adam B. , Embi Peter J. , Longhurst Christopher A.
Published: March 2022

The growing availability of multi‐scale biomedical data sources that can be used to enable research and improve healthcare delivery has brought about what can be described as a healthcare “data age.” This new era is defined by the explosive growth in bio‐molecular, clinical, and population‐level data that can be readily accessed by researchers, clinicians, and decision‐makers, and utilized for systems‐level approaches to hypothesis generation and testing as well as operational decision‐making. However, taking full advantage of these unprecedented opportunities presents an opportunity to revisit the alignment between traditionally academic biomedical informatics (BMI) and operational healthcare information technology (HIT) personnel and activities in academic health systems. While the history of the academic field of BMI includes active engagement in the delivery of operational HIT platforms, in many contemporary settings these efforts have grown distinct. Recent experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic have demonstrated greater coordination of BMI and HIT activities that have allowed organizations to respond to pandemic‐related changes more effectively, with demonstrable and positive impact as a result. In this position paper, we discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with driving alignment between BMI and HIT, as viewed from the perspective of a learning healthcare system. In doing so, we hope to illustrate the benefits of coordination between BMI and HIT in terms of the quality, safety, and outcomes of care provided to patients and populations, demonstrating that these two groups can be “better together.”
Prevalence of DSM‐5 somatic symptom disorder in Chinese patients with breast cancer
Authors: Li Jinjiang , Fritzsche Kurt , Glinka Mark , Pang Ying , Song Lili , Wang Yan , Li Zimeng , He Yi , Zhang Yening , He Shuangzhi , Leonhart Rainer , Toussaint Anne‐Kristin , Tang Lili
Published: March 2022

Objective

The aims of this study were to explore the frequency of somatic symptom disorder (SSD) and the relationship between SSD and somatic, psychological, and social factors in Chinese patients with breast cancer.

Methods

This multicenter cross‐sectional study enrolled 264 patients with breast cancer from three different departments in Beijing. The structured clinical interview for fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (SCID‐5) for SSD. Standardized questionnaires and clinical data were used to compare patients with and without SSD.

Results

Somatic symptom disorder was diagnosed in 21.6% (57/264) of all enrolled patients. No differences were found between SSD patients and non‐SSD patients in terms of sociodemographic characteristics and tumor‐specific variables, except radiotherapy. However, patients with SSD reported higher levels of depression, anxiety and cancer‐related worry. They also showed a longer duration of symptoms, greater impairment in daily life, more concern over their physical complaints and more doctor visits. In a stepwise binary logistic regression analysis, among others, higher health anxiety (WI‐8, Exp(B) = 0.107, p = 0.009) and more doctor visits (OR = −1.841, p < 0.001) showed a significant association with SSD; the model explained 53.7% of the variance.

Conclusions

Similar to other physical diseases, there is a high prevalence of SSD in patients with breast cancer. Somatic symptom disorder patients differ from non‐SSD patients by exhibiting higher cancer‐related emotional distress and dysfunctional illness perception and behavior. There remain substantial challenges in the diagnosis of SSD in patients with cancer and other medical conditions.

Clinical Trial Registration: ChiCTR2100051525.
Unintended changes in transgenic maize cause no nontarget effects
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Liu Qingsong , Song Xinyuan , Yang Xiaowei , Han Lanzhi , Romeis Jörg , Li Yunhe
Published: March 2022

Societal Impact Statement

Genetic engineering is used to introduce new genes into plants to obtain crops with novel traits. However, the unintended effects of genetically engineered (GE) crops on nontarget organisms—such as beneficial insects—are a topic of much concern. We evaluate the potential unintended effects of pollen from three GE maize and seven commercialized conventional maize lines on the ladybird beetle Propylea japonica, by combining omics approaches with feeding assays. Our results suggest that unintended changes caused by genetic engineering in maize pollen may not lead to biologically relevant effects on P. japonica. Meanwhile our study provides a useful strategy to assess the biological impacts of genetic engineering on nontarget organisms.

The potential effects caused by the inserted traits in genetically engineered (GE) plants on nontarget organisms (NTOs) have been well assessed. However, whether the process of genetic engineering itself causes unintended changes that go beyond the natural variation of the crop and further poses any biological effects to NTOs is still under debate.

Here, we evaluated the potential unintended effects of pollen from three GE maize and seven commercialized conventional maize lines on the NTO Propylea japonica by combining omics approaches with feeding assays.

The results showed that genetic breeding indeed brought somewhat differences at both proteome and metabolome levels in maize pollen, although such differences were far more common in conventionally crossbred plants. Feeding experiments indicated that the changes in proteins and metabolites caused by genetic breeding did not lead to unintended effects on the NTOs that go beyond those measured for the conventional crossbred lines.

Together, our results suggest that the differences detected by omics experiments may not cause any biological relevant effects on NTOs and the combination of omics approaches and NTOs feeding assays provide a valid approach to assess the biological relevance of compositional effects caused by genetic breeding.
A quantitative approach to the choice of number of samples for percentile estimation in bootstrap and visual predictive check analyses
Authors: Jonsson E. Niclas , Nyberg Joakim
Published: March 2022

Understanding the uncertainty in parameter estimates or in derived secondary variables is important in all data analysis activities. In pharmacometrics, this is often done based on the standard errors from the variance–covariance matrix of the estimates. Confidence intervals derived in this way are by definition symmetrical, which may lead to implausible outcomes, and will require translation to generate uncertainties in derived variables. An often‐used alternative is numerical percentile estimation by, for example, nonparametric bootstraps to circumvent these issues. Visual predictive checks (VPCs), which is a commonly used model diagnostic tool in pharmacometric analyses, also rely on the estimation of percentiles through numerical approaches. Given the cost in terms of run times and processing times for these methods, it is important to consider the trade‐off between the number of bootstrap samples or simulated data sets in the VPCs, to the increase in precision related to a large number of bootstrap samples or simulated data sets. The objective with this tutorial is to provide a quantitative framework for assessing the precision in estimated percentile limits in bootstrap and visual predictive checks analyses to facilitate an informed choice of confidence interval width, number of bootstrap samples/simulated data sets, and required level of precision.
Customizing the microenvironment of CO2 electrocatalysis via three‐phase interface engineering
Authors: Zhou Xianlong , Liu Hao , Xia Bao Yu , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) , Zheng Yao , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: March 2022

Converting CO2 into high‐value fuels and chemicals by renewable‐electricity‐powered electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CRR) is a viable approach toward carbon‐emissions‐neutral processes. Unlike the thermocatalytic hydrogenation of CO2 at the solid‐gas interface, the CRR takes place at the three‐phase gas/solid/liquid interface near the electrode surface in aqueous solution, which leads to major challenges including the limited mass diffusion of CO2 reactant, competitive hydrogen evolution reaction, and poor product selectivity. Here we critically examine the various methods of surface and interface engineering of the electrocatalysts to optimize the microenvironment for CRR, which can address the above issues. The effective modification strategies for the gas transport, electrolyte composition, controlling intermediate states, and catalyst engineering are discussed. The key emphasis is made on the diverse atomic‐precision modifications to increase the local CO2 concentration, lower the energy barriers for CO2 activation, decrease the H2O coverage, and stabilize intermediates to effectively control the catalytic activity and selectivity. The perspectives on the challenges and outlook for the future applications of three‐phase interface engineering for CRR and other gas‐involving electrocatalytic reactions conclude the article.
Thermoresistant Newcastle disease vaccine effectively protects SPF, native, and commercial chickens in challenge with virulent virus
Authors: Abdoshah Mohammad , Hassanzadeh Mohammad , Masoudi Shahin , Ashtari Abbas , Yousefi Ali Reza , Partovi Nasr Minoo
Published: March 2022

Background

Due to the more stability and a better homogenecity in immune response, the use of thermoresistant vaccines in different chicken types has been increased.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a newly developed Newcastle disease vaccine (ND.TR.IR) originating from I‐2 strain in specific pathogen‐free (SPF) and native and broiler chickens.

Methods

Following determination of pathogenicity indices on the candidate seed, three efficacy examinations were conducted. In the first experiment, 120 1‐day‐old SPF chickens were randomly allocated to six groups and either vaccinated with ND.TR.IR via eye drop at 1, 7, and 21 days of age (V1, V7, and V21), or considered as non‐vaccinated control groups (C1, C7, and C21). At 20th post‐vaccination day, sera hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titres against ND virus (NDV) were measured and then the chickens were challenged by virulent NDV (vNDV). In the second and third experiments, the efficacy of ND.TR.IR vaccine was compared to routine vaccination program (B1 and LaSota) in native and broiler chickens that were vaccinated at 10 and 20 days of age, respectively. The HI antibody titres were measured on 10, 20, 30, and 40 days of age, and also challenge efficacy test with vNDV was conducted on 30 days of age.

Results

The studied virus, as a vaccinal seed, complied with the pathogenicity indices of avirulent NDV and molecular identity of I‐2 strain. In the efficacy evaluation trials, the vaccinated chickens had higher HI antibody titres against NDV compared with their corresponding control chickens (p < 0.05). Results of the challenge tests indicated 95% and 100% protection against vNDV in native, SPF, and broiler‐vaccinated chickens, respectively.

Conclusions

The present findings indicated that administration of ND.TR.IR induced appropriate HI antibody titres against NDV in SPF, native, and broiler chickens associated with good protection in efficacy test.
The interaction between Environmental Enrichment and fluoxetine in inhibiting sucrose-seeking renewal in mice depend on social living condition
Authors: Pintori N. , Piva A. , Guardiani V. , Marzo C. M. , Decimo I. , Chiamulera C.
Published: March 2022

Rationale

Several single or combined therapeutic approaches have been developed to treat addiction, however with partial efficacy in preventing relapse. Recently, the living environment has been suggested as a critical intervening factor determining the treatment outcomes. Despite accumulating evidence confirming a role of living conditions in the vulnerability to addictive behaviours, their impact on single or integrative therapeutic strategies preventing relapse is yet to be identified.

Objectives

Here, we explore the possible interaction between brief Environmental Enrichment (EE) exposure and acute fluoxetine administration in inhibiting sucrose-seeking behaviours, and whether this effect could be affected by living environment.

Methods

Social and isolated adult male C57BL/6 mice were trained to sucrose self-administration associated to a specific conditioning context (CxA), followed by a 7-day extinction in a different context (CxB). Afterwards, mice were exposed for 22 h to EE and then injected with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) 1 h before a CxA-induced sucrose-seeking test.

Results

Brief EE exposure and acute fluoxetine administration alone inhibited context-induced sucrose-seeking in both housing conditions; however, they exhibited additive properties only in social condition.

Conclusions

Our data show that social environment may influence the EE/fluoxetine interaction in inhibiting relapse to sucrose. These findings suggest that setting up proper living conditions to boost the efficacy of therapeutic approaches may represent a fundamental strategy to treat addiction disorders.
Lower grade students tend to give up early in multimedia learning
Authors: Zhao Fang , Gaschler Robert , Wagner Inga , Schnotz Wolfgang
Published: March 2022

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between grade and the ability of text-picture integration in terms of task completion and the pattern of using textual and pictorial information. Children (N = 144) from secondary schools were recruited from grade 5 and grade 8. Analyzing the time spent with the multimedia unit prior to an incorrect response, this study suggests that 5th graders tend to give up relatively early compared to 8th graders. Furthermore, early incorrect responses were more prevalent among students of the non-academic track and were predicted by a low proportion of fixations on the text in mental model construction and on the picture in adaptive mental model specification. An inappropriate approach of integrating text and picture can thus be the reason for giving up early. The work provides a basis for (1) automated feedback during the course of working on a multimedia unit. (2) Instructional design should be adapted to the characteristics of student groups to support text-picture integration and to avoid giving up early.
The challenges of a food sovereignty perspective: an analysis of the foodways of the Rama indigenous group, Nicaragua
Authors: Papworth Andrew , Maslin Mark , Randalls Samuel
Published: March 2022

Despite its prominence within food security debates, Food Sovereignty is still a developing and contested concept. This article illustrates two of the tensions within the Food Sovereignty literature through an analysis of the foodways of the Rama indigenous group in Nicaragua. Firstly, the results show that there is considerable heterogeneity in how the Rama source their food and that, for most Rama, engagement with the market economy is critical to ensuring their own food security. This presents a further challenge to the idea that Food Sovereignty should only promote a one-size-fits-all “small-scale farming” approach to food security. Secondly, the paper shows there is considerable conflict over resources between the Rama and Pacific Nicaraguans who have encroached on their territory. This finding reinforces the view that Food Sovereignty needs to be further developed to be able to give clear direction in similar instances. This article concludes by arguing that although these tensions need to be resolved in order to boost the utility of Food Sovereignty on the ground, the concept can provide a useful theoretical arena in which to highlight the food security threats that are faced by communities like the Rama.
Powers and the hard problem of consciousness: conceivability, possibility and powers
Authors: Allen Sophie R
Published: March 2022

Do conceivability arguments work against physicalism if properties are causal powers? By considering three different ways of understanding causal powers and the modality associated with them, I will argue that most, if not all, physicalist powers theorists should not be concerned about the conceivability argument because its conclusion that physicalism is false does not hold in their favoured ontology. I also defend specific powers theories against some recent objections to this strategy, arguing that the conception of properties as powerful blocks conceivability arguments unless a rather implausible form of emergence is true.
Carbon-based nanohybrid fabricated in-situ and boosted the adsorption of anionic reactive yellow dye
Authors: Fathy N. A. , El-Shafey S.
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this research is to report a unique manipulation of producing carbon nanotubes/carbon xerogel (CNTs/CX) hybrid loaded with bimetallic catalysts of Fe–Ni via one-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of camphor. Active bimetallic catalysts were formed during carbonization of resorcinol–formaldehyde xerogel at 800 °C to form carbon xerogel (CX); meanwhile, the carbon gas was librated from camphor at 220 °C for 45 min. CX and CNTs/CX samples were analyzed using measurements of transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction tool (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Further, the liquid-phase adsorption of a reactive yellow 160 (RY160) dye on CX and CNTs/CX samples and thermodynamic studies were investigated. TEM and XRD results revealed the formation of carbon nodules in CX combined with bundles of CNTs having outer diameters ranged from 40 to 80 nm in CNTs/CX. Adsorption of RY160 dye was highly relied on pH, temperature, initial dye concentration and contact time. Through kinetic modeling, pseudo-second-order kinetic model expressed closely the experimental data of RY160 adsorption. Equilibrium adsorption studies declared that the Freundlich model is the better with adsorption of RY160 on CNTs/CX due to it has heterogeneous surface character resulting from combination of CX and CNTs. Langmuir adsorption capacity (qL, mg/g) values exhibited that CNTs/CX sample have a superior adsorption of RY160 dye which were reached to 167 mg/g than that by CX (qL = 125 mg/g). Thereof, the produced CX and CNTs/CX samples present higher removal capacity and can be employed successfully for RY160 dye removal from a textile wastewater.
Families Expecting and Living with a Baby: a Perspective on Parental Worries
Authors: Lepistö Sari , Raunima Mari , Paavilainen Eija
Published: March 2022

The aim is to describe parents’ worries about their family’s life situation during pregnancy and when their children are very young. The aim is to form a better understanding of parental worries for being able to better help them in child and family services. Previous research indicates that parental worries and concerns are not always addressed. Data consisted of parents’ open answers (N  = 98) to questionnaires carried out at two time points: during pregnancy and the early childhood of the family’s children. The data were analyzed by inductive content analysis. The results show that families had six different types of worries. The parents described worries concerning health, parental challenges, relationships, sufficiency of resources, standard of living, and difficulties in obtaining support. Challenges related to family life or parenthood could emerge suddenly or develop slowly and cumulate. Either kinds of challenges were often difficult to solve without outside assistance. Identifying and intervening in parental worries sufficiently early is crucial and effective. It is difficult for the professionals who work with families to form a comprehensive perception of children’s and family’s life situation without systematic evaluation and discussions on parental worries.
Curriculum considerations in music education in England: spiral thinking, spiral planning and its impact on contemporary thought
Authors: Fautley Martin , Daubney Alison
Published: March 2022

This article considers the impact that the Swanwick-Tillman spiral article (Swanwick & Tillman, 1986) has had on contemporary thinking in music education in England. Building on a discussion concerning the antecedents of the notion of a spiral, the ways in which a generalist music curriculum can be planned and organised are discussed. Drawing on the contemporary example of the Model Music Curriculum (DfE, 2021), and then charting this thinking as arising from a graded music examination repertoire-based way of planning, this article goes on to explain why the Swanwick-Tillman spiral still has relevance, as well as much to teach us in today’s very different music education world where assessment, measurement and accountability are dominant. Although centred on the situation in England, there are nonetheless implications for curriculum planners in many other jurisdictions too.
Inhomogeneous Helmholtz equations in wave guides – existence and uniqueness results with energy methods
Authors: SCHWEIZER BEN
Published: March 2022

The Helmholtz equation
$-\nabla\cdot (a\nabla u) - \omega^2 u = f$
is considered in an unbounded wave guide
$\Omega := \mathbb{R} \times S \subset \mathbb{R}^d$
,
$S\subset \mathbb{R}^{d-1}$
a bounded domain. The coefficient a is strictly elliptic and either periodic in the unbounded direction
$x_1 \in \mathbb{R}$
or periodic outside a compact subset; in the latter case, two different periodic media can be used in the two unbounded directions. For non-singular frequencies
$\omega$
, we show the existence of a solution u. While previous proofs of such results were based on analyticity arguments within operator theory, here, only energy methods are used.
A new understanding of disability in international humanitarian law: Reinterpretation of Article 30 of Geneva Convention III
Authors: Palomino Priscilla Denisse Coria
Published: March 2022

This paper examines whether the interpretation of Article 30 of Geneva Convention III that allows the use of solitary confinement for prisoners of war with psychosocial disabilities is still valid in light of the new standards of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. It proposes two alternative interpretations of Article 30 to demonstrate why isolation based on disability is unlawful and concludes that the use of solitary confinement on prisoners of war with psychosocial disabilities should be prohibited.
Association between benzodiazepine receptor agonist use and mortality in patients hospitalised for COVID-19: a multicentre observational study
Authors: Hoertel N. , Sánchez-Rico M. , Gulbins E. , Kornhuber J. , Vernet R. , Beeker N. , Neuraz A. , Blanco C. , Olfson M. , Airagnes G. , Lemogne C. , Alvarado J. M. , Arnaout M. , Cougoule C. , Meneton P. , Limosin F.
Published: March 2022

Aims

To examine the association between benzodiazepine receptor agonist (BZRA) use and mortality in patients hospitalised for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods

A multicentre observational study was performed at Greater Paris University hospitals. The sample involved 14 381 patients hospitalised for COVID-19. A total of 686 (4.8%) inpatients received a BZRA at hospital admission at a mean daily diazepam-equivalent dose of 19.7 mg (standard deviation (s.d.) = 25.4). The study baseline was the date of admission, and the primary endpoint was death. We compared this endpoint between patients who received BZRAs and those who did not in time-to-event analyses adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, medical comorbidities and other medications. The primary analysis was a Cox regression model with inverse probability weighting (IPW).

Results

Over a mean follow-up of 14.5 days (s.d. = 18.1), the primary endpoint occurred in 186 patients (27.1%) who received BZRAs and in 1134 patients (8.3%) who did not. There was a significant association between BZRA use and increased mortality both in the crude analysis (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.20; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.74–3.74; p < 0.01) and in the IPW analysis (HR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.31–1.98, p < 0.01), with a significant dose-dependent relationship (HR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.08–2.22; p = 0.02). This association remained significant in sensitivity analyses. Exploratory analyses indicate that most BZRAs may be associated with an increased mortality among patients hospitalised for COVID-19, except for diazepam, which may be associated with a reduced mortality compared with any other BZRA treatment.

Conclusions

BZRA use may be associated with an increased mortality among patients hospitalised for COVID-19, suggesting the potential benefit of decreasing dose or tapering off gradually these medications when possible.
Mental health difficulties among professional footballers
Authors: Woods Gary , McCabe Thomas , Mistry Amit
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Introduction: In parallel with several current and former players’ high-profile disclosures of psychological difficulties, academic studies published during the past decade have begun to examine the mental health of professional footballers. To date, a comprehensive review and critical analysis of these studies has yet to be conducted. Design: A narrative review of the literature was conducted following a Medline database search. Results: Thirteen studies were included in the review. A variety of mental health difficulties were explored, including depression, anxiety, distress, disordered eating, sleep disturbance and alcohol and substance use. Female players reported symptoms of common mental disorders more frequently than their male counterparts. Retired footballers reported increased rates of all mental health difficulties compared to active players. It is difficult to compare prevalence rates with both the general population and groups of other athletes due to the use of a variety of screening measures. Conclusion: The prevalence of symptoms of common mental disorders appears to be largely consistent with general population levels and in keeping with studies of other elite athlete groups, but further research is required to clarify this definitively. Injury and being retired were frequently associated with symptoms of common mental disorders, indicating that the screening and support of players during these vulnerable transitional periods may be of particular importance.
Future Changes of Atmospheric Energy Cycle in CMIP5 Climate Models
Authors: Kanno Yuki , Iwasaki Toshiki
Published: March 2022

Future changes in the atmospheric energy cycle were estimated by using 12 climate models from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and mass‐weighted isentropic zonal‐mean framework. In this framework, the zonal‐mean available potential energy (AZ) is converted to the zonal‐mean kinetic energy (KZ) through mean‐meridional direct circulations, and KZ is converted to the wave energy (W), the sum of eddy available potential energy and eddy kinetic energy, through wave‐mean flow interactions. The comparison between the late 21st century in a high emission scenario and the late 20th century in the historical scenario indicates a significant increase in AZ and KZ in winter in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and the Southern Hemisphere (SH). The wave energy significantly decreases in the NH winter but slightly increases in the SH winter. In the NH winter, the stationary wave energy significantly decreases, and the transient wave energy shifts poleward. Global warming reduces the baroclinic instability wave activity, which suppresses the upward Eliassen‐Palm flux and wave‐induced extratropical direct circulation. It decreases the dynamic energy conversion rates C(AZ, KZ) and C(KZ, W). On the other hand, the diabatic wave energy generation rate (QE) is projected to increase, particularly in the SH. The future W change is consistent with the change in the sum of C(KZ, W) and QE. Changes in both the dynamical energy conversion associated with wave‐mean flow interactions and the generation of eddy available potential energy associated with diabatic heating processes are necessary to explain the wave energy change.
Measurement Characterization of Band‐Pass NGD Time Domain of a 101O‐Topology Passive Circuit
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Gu Zhaoyuan , Ji Qizheng , Hu Xiaofeng , Vauché Rémy , Haddad Fayrouz , Murad Nour Mohammad , Frnda Jaroslav , Rahajandraibe Wenceslas , Wan Fayu , Ravelo Blaise
Published: March 2022

The negative group delay (NGD) is one of less familiar electronic functions. So far, the time domain (TD) experimentation of NGD circuits remains a challenging task. This paper investigates an innovative TD measurement of a band‐pass (BP) NGD passive circuit. The topology of the considered BP NGD distributed circuit constituted by transmission line structure having a 101O‐geometrical shape is introduced. After the design description of the 101O‐structure, the NGD response illustrates from simulation and measurement based on S‐parameters. The NGD center frequency, bandwidth, and value are approximately 3.6 GHz, 33 MHz, and −4.9 ns, respectively. The TD measurement experimentation is based on the sine carrier‐modulated microwave signal generation with 50‐ns duration. The 101O‐NGD circuit input and output signals are plotted with innovative synchronization. It was shown from the TD‐simulated and measured results that the BP NGD effect induces an output envelope about 4.2 ns advanced of the test signal input.