bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF THE MODEL OF EDUCATION IN ISLAMIC ECONOMICS AND FINANCE: Empirical Evidences From Indonesia and United Kingdom
Authors: Amalia Euis
Published: November 2016

This study attempts to evaluate the model of education in Islamic economics and finance that currently adopted in Indonesia and United Kingdom. The study employs the method of Analytic Network Process (ANP). This study decomposes the problem by way of undertaking in-depth interviews and questionnaires as preliminary steps to all stakes holders in these countries comprising practitioners, academicians, experts and users. In order to evaluate and measure these differences, pair-wise comparison is conducted followed by synthesis method to come up with appropriate solutions. The root of the problem comprises of internal and external, while the solution includes short term as well as long terms with strategic policy as the last outcome. The finding of this study demonstrates different results in every cluster of respective countries. Moreover, the findings reveal that quite a few challenges lie ahead in applying the best model to be used as teaching materials in these countries.
MODEL PEMBERDAYAANMASYARAKAT DENGAN PENDEKATAN SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: Analisis Ketokohan Para Pewirausaha Sosial
Authors: Masturin Masturin
Published: November 2016

The first purpose of this article is to defineabout a social empowerment model through social entrepreneurship. Furthermore, social entrepreneurship figures are also analyzed as a second purpose to support the concept of the implementation. Social entrepreneurship is one of social empowerment models to solve social problems and to create social change using entrepreneurial principles. The characteristics of the model are to create social value, social entrepreneur, social entrepreneurship organization, market orientation, and social innovation. The figures who accomplished in executing the model such as the founder of Grameen Bank, the leader of Islamic Boarding School Al-Ittifaq in Bandung, and the leader of Islamic Entrepreneurial School Abdurahman bin Auf in Klaten.
Los regímenes de transición del licenciamiento ambiental en Colombia vistos desde la actividad minera
Authors: Gómez Rey Andrés , Rincón Camilo Alexander , Rodríguez Gloria Amparo
Published: November 2016

La licencia ambiental es un instrumento de planificación que permite realizar el análisis previo y establecer las posibles consecuencias o impactos que genera un proyecto, obra o actividad, para tomar las medidas correspondientes, tal y como lo propone el título VIII de la ley 99/1993. El desarrollo normativo de esta figura se da, en especial, desde la expedición de la ley 99/1993 y los diferentes decretos que han reglamentado el procedimiento para su otorgamiento, cuestión sobre la cual versa el presente documento: las transiciones entre cada norma y los requisitos y reglas de cada una vistos desde la actividad minera. Como metodología se propone estudiar desde la dogmática jurídica, las fuentes del derecho, particularmente de la doctrina, la jurisprudencia y la ley, con el fin de abstraer los conceptos integrantes del régimen normativo transicional de la licencia ambiental en relación con la actividad minera, usando el método lógico-deductivo con el propósito de establecer consecuencias desconocidas desde principios conocidos. Es decir, se reflexiona sobre el licenciamiento ambiental en materia minera, mostrando algunas opciones interpretativas que se presentan con cada cambio normativo, identificando las principales problemáticas y ofreciendo posibles soluciones. 
The opinions of students training in department of gifted education towards education of gifted individuals
Authors: Ozcan Deniz , Zaroglu Leyla
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study is to determine the opinions of students training in department of gifted education towards education of gifted individuals. The research was formed and conducted in quantitative design. This study was achieved in spring term in 2014-2015 academic year in Near East University. Twenty six teacher candidates training education department of the mentioned university participated to the research.  Nineteen of the teacher candidates that took place in the research were girls and seven of them were boys. The teacher candidates formed from first and second grade students. Interview form was used as data collection tool. During interview, when necessary semi structured interview was provided to teacher candidates with additional questions. Each of the questions were prepared to obtain different data. The data firstly were formed as written by researcher on computer then analyzed by using content analysis chosen from quantitative research techniques. Each of the answers that teacher candidates gave, were grouped in terms of similarity and interpreted, also one or two answers that were given to each questions, were presented in the same way. In order to increase the reliability of study, the opinions of specialist were taken into consideration and common points were determined. Keywords: gifted individuals, gifted education, teachers
The importance of using games in EFL classrooms
Authors: Gozcu Emine , Caganaga Cagda Kıvanc
Published: November 2016

This paper aims to find out how games are important and effective when used in EFL classrooms. Two different kinds of qualitative research methods are used to gather the data. These are semi-structured interviews and observation. Multi-method triangulation is used throughout in this study. Kopinak (1999) defines multi-method triangulation as “gathering information pertaining to the same phenomenon through more than one method, primarily in order to determine if there is a convergence and hence, increased validity in research findings” (Kopinak, 1999: 171). Kopinak (1999) states that more detailed and multi-layered information about the fact under study would be provided from using more instruments. It is a case study in which 2 undergraduate students are taught English by using the game called ‘Twister’ which is adapted for teaching. The study sample consisted of people who are between 20-25 years old and live in Lefke. It was determined from the data that games should be employed in second language learning classrooms in terms of providing an atmosphere for EFL learners in which there are fun, motivation and high learning performance.Key words: games, Twister, vocabulary, EFL classrooms
The Development of Social Climate in Virtual Learning Discussion Groups
Authors: Oren Avigail , Mioduser David , Nachmia Rafi
Published: November 2016

As the educational use of computer mediated communication (CMC) increases there is growing interest among researchers as to social processes evolving within the varied models of group work using Internet, e.g., special interest groups, topical discussion groups, discussion forums attached to virtual courses, and learning communities. In this paper we present a synthetic summary of five studies that explored social climate issues in synchronous and asynchronous online activities in academic courses, focusing on the following questions: Does a social atmosphere develop in online learning discussion groups? What are the different modes of social interaction are manifest in online learning discussion groups? What is the role of the virtual teacher with regards to the social climate in online learning discussion groups? Discussed are the implications of these five studies' on the design of virtual-learning-discussion-groups, and the results for the characterization of teacher moderation functions.
Cooperation vs. Deliberation: CMC and the Problem of Argument in International Distance Education
Authors: Davis Michael , Rouzie Albert
Published: November 2016

The idea that Internet-based distance education offers the potential to globalize higher education has not been matched by significant interest in the pedagogical and methodological issues at stake. This essay discusses a two-year experimental course conducted between two college classes in Karlskrona, Sweden and Ohio, in the United States. The goal of this course was to use online debate to augment intercultural understanding. This experiment involved both synchronous and asynchronous computer mediated conferencing (CMC) as well as various types of assignments intended to emphasize the discursive strengths of each CMC form. We discovered, however, that our assumptions about CMC discourse were challenged by the way it developed in our international contexts. Ultimately, we developed and propose a methodology that delimits and makes productive the playful agnostics of synchronous debate by employing asynchronous conferencing for the pre-debate development of common ground and the post-debate development of formal arguments.

Key Terms:

MOO, asynchronous conferencing, international education, collaboration, conflict, argumentation, American studies.
Gagne's and Laurillard's Models of Instruction Applied to Distance Education: A theoretically driven evaluation of an online curriculum in public health
Authors: Hannon Peggy , Umble Karl E. , Alexander Lorraine , Francisco Don , Steckler Allan , Tudor Gail , Upshaw Vaugn
Published: November 2016

This article presents an overview of the instructional models of Gagne, Briggs, and Wager (1992) and Laurillard (1993, 2002), followed by student evaluations from the first year of an online public health core curriculum. Both online courses and their evaluations were developed in accordance with the two models of instruction. The evaluations by students indicated that they perceived they had achieved the course objectives and were generally satisfied with the experience of taking the courses online. However, some students were dissatisfied with the feedback and learning guidance they received; these students’ comments supported Laurillard’s model of instruction. Discussion captured in this paper focuses on successes of the first year of the online curriculum, suggestions for solving problem areas, and the importance of the perceived relationship between teacher and student in the distance education environment.
Learner Support Services for Online Students: Scaffolding for success
Authors: Ludwig-hardman Stacey , Dunlap Joanna C.
Published: November 2016

A critical component of an effective retention program for online students is a learner support services program. While many factors contribute to attrition, at the top of the list are level of interaction and support. To this end, some students in distance learning programs and courses report feelings of isolation, lack of self-direction and management, and eventual decrease in motivation levels. This article describes the types of learner support services strategies that can effectively address these retention challenges. Examples from Western Governors University (WGU) are provided to describe these strategies in action.

Key terms: learner support, online learning, scaffolding, self-directed learning, isolation, learning community, advising
The Personalized System of Instruction: Review and Applications to Distance Education
Authors: Grant Lyle K. , Spencer Robert E.
Published: November 2016

The present paper (a) outlines the basic features of the Personalized System of Instruction (PSI); (b) provides a brief history of PSI; and (c) describes the application of PSI to distance education. Some common misconceptions about PSI are also addressed. PSI is presented as a helpful universally applicable set of instructional practices that are well suited to distance teaching and learning.

Key Terms: Personalized System of Instruction, distance learning, computer-based instruction, mastery-learning, self-pacing, higher-order objectives, scholarship of teaching, proctors, tutoring.
Influence of managers' demographic characteristics on CSR practices in the restaurant industry: the case of Slovenia
Authors: Kukanja Marko , Planinc Tanja , Šuligoj Metod
Published: November 2016

Purpose – The objective of this study is to investigate how restaurant managers’ demographic characteristics influence Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices in the restaurant industry. Design/Methodology/Approach – In order to analyze the influence of managers’ demographic characteristics on CSR practices, industry specific practices relevant to the Slovenian restaurant industry were identified: regular financial assistance to activities and projects of the local community, employment of local staff, cooperation with local producers, active separation of all types of waste, active recyclement, active energy savement, and payment of liabilities towards suppliers on time. The quantitative research focuses on the correlation between managers' demographics and CSR practices. Data were collected through quantitative field research by applying a structured self administerred questionnaire. Findings – Research results show that the main reason for acting responsibly is related to managers’ years of age, experience, and level of education. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that all demographic variables included in the research have a statistically significant influence in explaining restaurants’ CSR behaviour. The most strongly influenced CSR practice is “Payment of liabilities”. This practice is driven by managers’ age, years of experience, and level of education. By understanding both, managers’ demographic characteristics and their influence on CSR practices, it is now possible to more successfully implement CSR policies in the restaurant industry. It is suggested that future studies focuse on the analysis of CSR practices and managers’ psychographic characteristics. Originality – This is the very first study to analyse the influence of managers’ demographic characteristics on CSR engagement in the restaurant industry.
Existing Biosensing Platforms for the Nucleotide Markers Detection
Authors: Dmitrienko Elena , Pyshnaya Inna , Dultsev Fedor , Tronin Andrey , Pyshnyi Dmitrii
Published: November 2016

In review, the operating principles of the most common bio sensing devices, detection methods and the identification sensitivity of analyzed molecules were shown. The central focus was done on hybridization analysis of nucleic acids (NA), which are considered to be one of the most important analytes in terms of diagnostic point of view. Constructions enabling to transfer the fact of formation of nucleotide probe/target complex in to detectable signal by optical, electrochemical or micromechanical (piezoelectric) sensors were presented in this review.
Combating Smuggling: What Games We Are Playing: An Indonesian Case Study
Authors: Hendarsjah Hidajat
Published: November 2016

Intuitively, a person’s behavioral tendency to corrupt seems to follow several incentives that bound with the outcomes. But changes in outcomes’ payoffs do not always directly affect to person behavior. In games with mixed equilibrium presences, probability of actions taken by other parties (in this paper, “to inspect” and “do not inspect”) will alter a person tendency whether “to comply” or “to cheat”, as shown in garment smuggling case in Indonesia. Game theoretic concepts were employed in this paper to perform framework for analysis in describing the actions of interdependent agents. When the game has mixed equilibrium, probability of one player to take one strategic action does not depend on the opponent’s payoffs (i.e. maximum penalty). What does change is the probability of the opponent’s strategic actions.
Gender, Corporate Risk Taking and Performance: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Prameswari Agista Putri
Published: November 2016

This study examines the effect of gender diversity in the board of director on firm leverage and financial performance. Arguably, the more the proportion of female director on board, the corporate risk taking and performance should be lower. The study uses data of listed firms in Indonesia Stock Exchange over the period of 2010-2014. The results show that the presence of female directors on the board is negatively associated with leverage. The similar result is also found on the effect of female director on the board on firm performance. Results also reveal that education background does not moderate the link between women presence on leverage and performance.
Storage of Cohniella cepula (Orchidaceae) Pollinia: Fertilizing Ability and Subsequent Fruit and Seed Formation
Authors: Dolce Natalia R. , Medina Ricardo D. , Mroginski Luis A. , Rey Hebe Y.
Published: November 2016

Pollen storage is of great importance for plant breeding and production besides an efficient means for preservation of haploid gene pool of plant genetic resources and rare or endangered species. Pollinia of Cohniella cepula were stored over 1 year at 4, −20, −70, and −196 °C. Fertilizing ability of fresh and stored (30 to 360 days) pollinia was determined by the fruit and seed formation for each treatment, as well as by the seed viability, in vitro seed germination, and seedling growth. Pollinia stored at −70 and −196 °C showed high fertilizing ability (94.4% to 100.0%) even 1 year after collection, revealing no significant differences with fresh pollinia. Seeds from all treatments showed high viability (91.2% to 94.3%) through the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction assay and high in vitro germination (91.7% to 97.3%). Thus, successful ultracold storage of C. cepula pollinia was feasible without any desiccation, cryoprotection, or precooling treatment before placing into an ultra freezer (−70 °C) or immersing in liquid nitrogen (LN) (−196 °C).
Performance of Low-input Turfgrass Species as Affected by Mowing and Nitrogen Fertilization in Minnesota
Authors: Hugie Kari L. , Watkins Eric
Published: November 2016

In Minnesota, most lawns and higher cut turfgrass areas consist primarily of species such as kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) that require significant management inputs such as frequent mowing and nitrogen fertility. Several studies have shown that other species have the potential to be used more widely on home lawns in Minnesota; however, little is known about the management requirements of these species. In this study, we evaluated the performance of several alternative grass species under varying mowing and nitrogen fertility regimes at two sites in Minnesota in 2010 and 2011. Hard fescue [Festuca trachyphylla (Hackel) Krajina] showed the most consistent performance across management regimes, seasons, and locations. Colonial bentgrass (Agrostis tenuis Sibth.) showed good spring and fall turf quality, but suffered from excess thatch development and disease incidence. ‘Barkoel’ prairie junegrass [Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult] maintained acceptable turf cover throughout the trial, whereas unimproved native prairie junegrass populations did poorly regardless of management level. Tufted hairgrass [Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv.] did not perform consistently in the trial due to summer stress. Our results show that hard fescue, colonial bentgrass, and ‘Barkoel’ prairie junegrass performed well regardless of mowing height or fertility treatment and could be used to a greater degree as low-input turfgrasses in Minnesota.
Foliage Plants Cause Physiological and Psychological Relaxation as Evidenced by Measurements of Prefrontal Cortex Activity and Profile of Mood States
Authors: Park Sin-Ae , Song Chorong , Choi Ji-Young , Son Ki-Cheol , Miyazaki Yoshifumi
Published: November 2016

The study’s objective was to investigate the effects of foliage plants on prefrontal cortex activity and subjective assessments of psychological relaxation. In a crossover experimental design, 24 male university students in their 20s observed a container with and without foliage plants for 3 minutes while oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) concentration in the prefrontal cortex was continuously measured with a portable near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy device. Afterward, subjective evaluations of emotions were obtained via two self-report questionnaires: a modified semantic differential (SD) method and the Profile of Mood State questionnaire (POMS). Oxy-Hb concentration in the right prefrontal cortex was significantly lower in subjects who viewed the foliage plants than in those who did not, indicating a physiologically relaxed state. The subjects also reported in the SD method significantly more positive emotions (e.g., comfortable, natural, and relaxed) associated with viewing the foliage plants. In the POMS, a significant positive effect on psychological relaxation when subjects viewed the foliage plants was shown. Thus, we conclude that foliage plants have both physiological and psychological relaxation effects in males even after only short exposure.
Irrigation Requirements for Seed Production of Five Lomatium Species in a Semiarid Environment
Authors: Shock Clinton C. , Feibert Erik B.G. , Rivera Alicia , Saunders Lamont D. , Shaw Nancy , Kilkenny Francis F.
Published: November 2016

Seeds of native plants are needed for rangeland restoration in the Intermountain West. Many of these plants are rarely cultivated and relatively little is known about the cultural practices required for their seed production. Irrigation trials were conducted for five perennial Lomatium species over multiple years. Lomatium species grown at the Oregon State University Malheur Experiment Station, Ontario, OR received 0, 100, or 200 mm of irrigation per year. Seed yield responses to irrigation were evaluated by linear and quadratic regression. In general, seed yields from the three species grown for 10 years responded linearly or quadratically to irrigation. To improve the accuracy of estimated irrigation water requirements, regressions were also run on seed yield responses to irrigation plus precipitation during the previous spring; spring and winter; and spring, winter, and fall. Over multiple years, Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance and L. triternatum (Pursh) J.M. Coult. & Rose seed yields were best estimated by a quadratic response to irrigation plus spring precipitation with highest yields at 243 and 255 mm, respectively. Lomatium grayi (J.M. Coult. & Rose) J.M. Coult. & Rose seed yields were best estimated by a quadratic response to irrigation plus precipitation during the fall, winter, and spring with highest yields at 358 mm. Two of the Lomatium species were grown for the last 6 years. The seed yields of L. nudicaule (Pursh) J.M. Coult. & Rose did not respond to irrigation. Seed yields of Lomatium suksdorfii (S. Watson) J.M. Coult. & Rose responded linearly to irrigation in 2015.
Evaluation of Winter Squash and Pumpkin Cultivars for Age-related Resistance to Phytophthora capsici Fruit Rot
Authors: Krasnow Charles S. , Hausbeck Mary K.
Published: November 2016

Phytophthora capsici annually threatens production of cucurbit and solanaceous crops. Long-lived oospores produced by the pathogen incite primary infection of susceptible plants when conditions are wet. Limiting the rot of winter squash and pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) fruits is difficult due to the long maturation period when fruits are often in direct contact with infested soil. Genetic resistance to fruit rot is not widely available within Cucurbita sp.; however, age-related resistance (ARR) to P. capsici fruit rot develops in specific cultivars during maturation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fruits of 12 cultivars of Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita moschata, and Cucurbita maxima for ARR to P. capsici using a mycelial-plug inoculation method. All Cucurbita pepo and Cucurbita moschata cultivars displayed ARR; 7 days postpollination (dpp) fruits were susceptible, limited lesion development occurred on fruits 22 dpp, and lesions did not develop at 56 dpp. Disease developed on both Cucurbita maxima cultivars tested at 7, 14, 22, and 56 dpp. Firmness of fruit exocarps was measured with a manual penetrometer. Exocarp firmness of all cultivars increased during maturation; however, there was no correlation between firmness and disease incidence among cultivars at 22 dpp (R2 = −0.01, P = 0.85). When fruits of cultivars expressing ARR at 22 dpp were wounded before inoculation, fruit rot developed.
Psychosocial impacts of the lack of access to water and sanitation in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review
Authors: Bisung Elijah , Elliott Susan J.
Published: November 2016

The lack of access to safe water and adequate sanitation has implications for the psychosocial well-being of individuals and households. To review the literature on psychosocial impacts, we completed a scoping review of the published literature using Medline, Embase, and Scopus. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed in detail. Of the included studies, six were conducted in India, one in Nepal, one in Mexico, one in Bolivia, two in Ethiopia, one in Zimbabwe, one in South Africa, and two in Kenya. Four interrelated groups of stressors emerged from the review: physical stressors, financial stressors, social stressors, and stressors related to (perceived) inequities. Further, gender differences were observed, with women carrying a disproportionate psychosocial burden. We argue that failure to incorporate psychosocial stressors when estimating the burden or benefits of safe water and sanitation may mask an important driver of health and well-being for many households in low- and middle-income countries. We propose further research on water-related stressors with particular attention to unique cultural norms around water and sanitation, short and long term psychosocial outcomes, and individual and collective coping strategies. These may help practitioners better understand cumulative impacts and mechanisms for addressing water and sanitation challenges.
WHAT BRINGS YOUTH TO RECREATIONAL PARKS?
Authors: Zainol Rosilawati , Peng Au-Yong Cheong
Published: November 2016

Locations of recreational parks are said to have a direct influence on youth physical activities. However, there is still a lack of studies on youth activities at recreational parks. Thus, this study examines the relationship between reasons and habit of youth going to recreational parks through a questionnaire survey. Variables that are measured include enjoying the outdoors, use a particular facility at the park, play sports, picnic and general activities, walk or ride a bicycle for exercise and meeting friends. Logistic regression analysis reveals youths are most likely to visit the park for playing sports, walking or riding a bicycle, provided the facilities and amenities are available. Hence, planning, implementation and maintenance of recreational park play a significant role in promoting outdoor activities and active lifestyle among the youth.
ELDERLY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES: A SPATIAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Zainol Rosilawati , Pettit Christopher J.
Published: November 2016

The trend of ageing at home which is preferred option by the elderly in Australia is to be supported with good community facilities such as community health care facilities. The proximity of these facilities to their homes plays a significant role in their everyday life activity. Thus, this study examines the spatial relationship between elderly’s population distribution and also the spatial distribution of community health care. Digital boundaries and population census 2011 data were retrieved from the Australian Bureau Statistics (ABS). Data on community health care facilities, on the other hand, were obtained from the National Health Services Directory (NHSD). Both data were analysed using Local Indicator Spatial Association technique (LISA). Results show there is a mismatch between the placement of community health care facilities and where the elderly reside. This mismatch will later create accessibility problems to the elderly if not tackle properly. They may be required to travel quite a distance to receive treatment and medications. Facilities are to be provided with projections of elderly population distribution in mind. This condition would minimize accessibility issue in the future.
PREVENTION OF AEDES BREEDING HABITATS FOR URBAN HIGH-RISE BUILDING IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Zainon Nurshuhada , Mohd Rahim Fazul Azli , Roslan Dalila , Abd Samat Azlan Helmy
Published: November 2016

Dengue is endemic in Malaysia; it is found mainly in the urban and suburban areas. Aedes Aegypti and Aedes Albopictus have been incriminated in the transmission of dengue virus in many urban areas of South-East Asia, including Malaysia. Dengue cases that have been reported worldwide were related with high rise buildings especially in residential buildings such as apartments and condominiums. This study aims to identify the breeding habitats resulted from building designs in high-rise apartments in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Inspections were conducted at three dengue-hotspots residential buildings located in Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur. The selection criteria of the study sites were based on the most frequent reports on dengue cases from these three localities. The building elements that Aedes breeding were spotted created semi-permanent areas for Aedes breeding. Findings show the buildings were designed with unreachable rain gutters, making checking and cleaning for mosquito breeding in clogged gutters impossible for local residents. Poor drainage and piping system has found to be the Aedes habitats, too. Of these, surprisingly, uneven surface of the concrete rooftops and floors has also become one of the breeding spots, resulting to water stagnation and liveable areas for Aedes to breed. Correlating this findings not only helps target areas to be identified and focused in community search and destroy programs, but most importantly it contributes to high-rise building design and construction features in Malaysia by taking into considerations long-lasting measures for a holistic sustainable environment.
Representasi Penindasan Ganda dalam Novel Mirah Dari Banda; Perspektif Feminisme Poskolonial
Authors: Ilma Awla Akbar
Published: November 2016

This study specifically examines the multiple forms of oppression that is found in the novel Mirah dari Banda by postcolonial feminist perspective. The analysis showed that the novel talk about inferior position of women as a result of the dominance of Dutch and Japanese colonial system and patriarchal domination both colonial and indigenous men. With the two forms of oppression Thus, indigenous women suffer and the lowest level in a colonial situation. Associated with the time of publication, the 1980 novel Mirah dari Banda include nostalgia novel of oppression and the strug gle against colonialism. Thus at the same nostalgic attitude can be regarded as a reflection on the possibility of the presence of the double oppression of women today which synonymous with the era of capitalism (imperialism) and still rooted patriarchal ideology.Penelitian ini secara khusus mengkaji bentuk-bentuk penindasan ganda yang terdapat dalam novel Mirah dari Banda berdasarkan perspektif feminisme poskolonial. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa novel mewacanakan kedudukan inferior perempuan akibat dominasi sistem kolonialisme Belanda dan Jepang serta dominasi patriarki baik lelaki kolonial maupun pribumi. Melalui dua bentuk penindasan demikian, perempuan pribumi menderita dan berada di level terendah dalam situasi kolonial. Terkait dengan waktu penerbitannya, yakni tahun 1980 novel Mirah dari Banda termasuk novel nostalgia atas penindasan dan perjuangan melawan kolonialisme. Sikap nostalgia demikian sekaligus dapat dianggap sebagai refleksi atas kemungkinan hadirnya penindasan penindasan ganda terhadap perempuan saat ini yang identik dengan era kapitalisme (imperialisme) dan masih mengakarnya ideologi patriarki.
STRATEGI CAMP DALAM NOVEL HIDING MY CANDY KARYA LADY CHABLIS
Authors: Saraswati Sri
Published: November 2016

This study aims at discussing about the forms of Camp strategies as well as elaborating the purpose of its application in Lady Chablis’ Hiding My Candy. Hiding My Candy tells a story of a transgender name The Doll who fights for her survival among patriarchal community. To answer the objectives of the research, Moe Meyer’s Camp theor y will be applied. In the book of the Politics and Poetics of Camp, Meyer defines Camp as the total body of performative practices and strategies used to enact a queer identity, with enactment defined as the production of social visibility. The emergence of Camp as a survival strategy appears due to the challenge of transgender discrimination resulted by heteronormativity restraint. The study result shows that transgender survival can be divided into three aspects i.e. social visibility, alternative normative and transgender empowerment. Those transgender survival’s aspects can be achieved by applying the Camp strategies. Those strategies include parody Camp strategy, humor Camp strategy, strategy of posing (costume, gesture and speech act) and strategy of life in performance.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengulik bentuk-bentuk strategi Camp dan tujuan penerapannya melalui novel Hiding My Candy karya Lady Chablis. Hiding My Candy merupakan sebuah novel yang merepresentasikan upaya kebertahanan transgender yang dilakukan oleh tokoh The Doll. Adapun pendekatan yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori Camp oleh Moe Meyer. Dalambuku the Politics and Poetics of Camp, Moe Meyer mendefinisikan istilah Camp sebagai total keseluruhan praktik dan strategi untuk menunjukkan identitas queer kaum marjinal, dalam hal ini transgender, kepada masyarakat (visibilitas sosial). Lazimnya, masyarakat heteronormatif menganggap transgender sebagai liyan sehingga keberadaan mereka seringkali terpinggirkan. Maka, tujuan dari penerapan strategi Camp adalah untuk menjamin kebertahanan kaum transgender dalam masyarakat. Muatan kritik terhadap heteronormativitas juga tampak nyata dalam penerapan strategi Camp . Sasaran kritik tersebut adalah pemapanan konstruksi gender normatif serta eksklusifitas kaum heteroseksual yang menjadikan kaum marginal seperti transgender tersisihkan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa bentuk-bentuk strategi Camp dapat dirinci sebagai berikut; strategi parodi Camp, strategi humor Camp, strategy of posing (kostum, gestur dan gaya bicara) serta strategi hidup dalam pertunjukkan.Penerapan strategi Camp tersebut ditujukan sebagai upaya untuk meraih kebertahanan transgender. Selanjutnya, kebertahanan transgender dapat dicerminkan melalui visibilitas sosial, terbentuknya wacana normalitas alternatif dan pemberdayaan transgender
Associations of Conventional Echocardiographic Measures with Incident Heart Failure and Mortality: The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort
Authors: Dubin Ruth F. , Deo Rajat , Bansal Nisha , Anderson Amanda H. , Yang Peter , Go Alan S. , Keane Martin , Townsend Ray , Porter Anna , Budoff Matthew , Malik Shaista , He Jiang , Rahman Mahboob , Wright Jackson , Cappola Thomas , Kallem Radhakrishna , Roy Jason , Sha Daohang , Shlipak Michael G. ,   the CRIC Study Investigators
Published: November 2016

Background and objectives

Heart failure is the most frequent cardiac complication of CKD. Left ventricular hypertrophy is common and develops early in CKD, but studies have not adequately evaluated the association of left ventricular mass index with heart failure incidence among men and women with CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We evaluated echocardiograms of 2567 participants without self–reported heart failure enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study. Two-dimensional echocardiograms were performed at the year 1 study visit and interpreted at a central core laboratory. Left ventricular mass index was calculated using the linear method, indexed to height2.7, and analyzed using sex-specific quartiles. The primary outcomes of incident heart failure and all-cause mortality were adjudicated over a median of 6.6 (interquartile range, 5.7–7.6) years.

Results

Among 2567 participants, 45% were women, and 54% were nonwhite race; mean (SD) age was 59±11 years old, and mean eGFR was 44±17 ml/min per 1.73 m2. During a median follow-up period of 6.6 years, 262 participants developed heart failure, and 470 participants died. Compared with participants in the first quartile of left ventricular mass index, those in the highest quartile had higher rates of incident heart failure (hazard ratio, 3.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.96 to 8.02) and mortality (hazard ratio, 1.86; 95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 2.85), even after adjustment for B–type natriuretic peptide, troponin T, mineral metabolism markers, and other cardiovascular disease risk factors. Those in the lowest quartile of ejection fraction had higher rates of incident heart failure (hazard ratio, 3.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.94 to 4.67) but similar mortality rates (hazard ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.89 to 1.57) compared with those in the highest quartile. Diastolic dysfunction was not significantly associated with heart failure or death.

Conclusions

Among persons with CKD and without history of cardiovascular disease, left ventricular mass index is strongly associated with incident heart failure, even after adjustment for major cardiovascular risk factors and biomarkers.
Contribution of Joint Forest Management in Improving Conservation and Local Livelihood in Rufiji District, Tanzania
Authors: Tarimo Wilhard , Ringo Japhet
Published: November 2016

This paper attempts to explore the contribution of Joint Forest Management in improving conservation
and local livelihood in Rufiji District. The study was carried in three villages (Mkupuka, Mangwi and
Muyuyu). Household survey, key informants interviews, focus group discussions, and archive
information were used to collect data. A total of 90 households, 10 key informants, and 9 Focus Group
Discussion members were involved. Results indicate that 57% of the respondents had the view that
local communities around Ngumburuni Forest Reserve did not realize direct benefits from JFM
practices. Findings have also revealed that 82.2% of the respondents perceived the increased trend of
deforestation after the introduction of JFM, a feature that does not promise sustainability of the forest
reserve. Findings indicate that challenges hindered effective management of forest reserve include the
increase of human population, expanding agriculture, and insufficient fund. The study concludes that,
JFM has failed to show substantial contributions towards enhancing conservation and livelihood of
local communities in the study area. It is recommended that for sustainable management of the forest
resources there is a need to strengthen the JFM in improving conservation and enhancing local
livelihood through conservation awareness, involvement of the local community in implementation of
the JFM strategies, to ensure equal distribution of benefits realized from forest conservation, and
strengthening patrol of the forest resources.
The Contagion of Difference: Identity, Bio-politics and National Socialism
Authors: Enoch Simon
Published: November 2016

Michel Foucault's concept of bio-politics entails the management and regulation of life processes within the population as a whole. This administration of the biological was perhaps most manifest in the German state under National Socialism. Indeed, Foucault remarks that there was no other state of the period in which "the biological was so tightly, so insistently regulated." However while the Nazi regime evinced this bio-political concern with the management of life, it also released an unprecedented murderous potential. It is this paradox, that the care of life can become the administration of death, or what Foucault deemed the transition from bio-politics to thanato-politics, that I wish to investigate through an examination of the construction of the Jewish subject through Nazi medical discourse. This paper will examine how medico-political discourse facilitated the construction of medically authorized norms that constructed the Jew as both a biological and social threat to the body politic, and how this discursively produced "Other" informed the transition from bio-politics to thanato-politics within the confines of the German medical establishment.
The origins of the asylum in Upper Canada, 1830-1839: Towards an interpretation
Authors: Brown Thomas E.
Published: November 2016

Saturday, the 22nd of August, 1846 dawned “dull and unpromising” in Toronto. By the time the procession was ready to move off from old government house shortly after three o'clock in the afternoon, however, as the British Colonist recorded, “the sun's gladdening beams brightened all around.” Led by the band of the 81st Regiment, the large company slowly made its way out the Hamilton Road to the government military reserve. There, with a silver trowel presented by the building's architect, John G. Howard, Chief Justice John Beverley Robinson ceremoniously spread the mortar to set into place the “corner stone of the first building in Western Canada for the reception of Insane and Lunatic Persons.” Following an eloquent and heart-felt address by Robinson, the crowd, responding with enthusiasm, gave three cheers for the Chief Justice, the band struck up “Rule Britannia”, and the great gathering dispersed. The era of the asylum had officially begun in Upper Canada.
Speed and Smoothness
Authors: Novoa Andre
Published: November 2016

This article examines identity production and reproduction of a group of Portuguese members of the European Parliament (MEPs) through a set of ethnographic vignettes. Literature on European mobility has been underpinned by an assumption that the more we move, the more European we become. But who are these movers exactly? And how do they become European? These questions guide this article, which presents a case study of three Portuguese MEPs who maintain strong relations with their country of origin whilst having to create new attachments to Brussels and Strasbourg. The MEPs have to insert themselves into a culture of speed and smoothness. They have to redesign themselves as figures of speed. The article argues that this process makes them European. They identify with Europe because they maintain a strong relation with their country of origin, which means moving more, which in turn means being a modern European citizen.
Bypass surgery versus medical treatment for symptomatic moyamoya disease in adults
Authors: Jang Dong-Kyu , Lee Kwan-Sung , Rha Hyoung Kyun , Huh Pil-Woo , Yang Ji-Ho , Park Ik Seong , Ahn Jae-Geun , Sung Jae Hoon , Han Young-Min
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE

In this study the authors evaluated whether extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery can prevent stroke occurrence and decrease mortality in adult patients with symptomatic moyamoya disease (MMD).

METHODS

The medical records of 249 consecutive adult patients with symptomatic MMD that was confirmed by digital subtraction angiography between 2002 and 2011 at 8 institutions were retrospectively reviewed. The study outcomes of stroke recurrence as a primary event and death during the 6-year follow-up and perioperative complications within 30 days as secondary events were compared between the bypass and medical treatment groups.

RESULTS

The bypass group comprised 158 (63.5%) patients, and the medical treatment group comprised 91 (36.5%) patients. For 249 adult patients with MMD, bypass surgery showed an HR of 0.48 (95% CI 0.27–0.86, p = 0.014) for stroke recurrence calculated by Cox regression analysis. However, for the 153 patients with ischemic MMD, the HR of bypass surgery for stroke recurrence was 1.07 (95% CI 0.43–2.66, p = 0.887). For the 96 patients with hemorrhagic MMD, the multivariable adjusted HR of bypass surgery for stroke recurrence was 0.18 (95% CI 0.06–0.49, p = 0.001). For the treatment modality, indirect bypass and direct bypass (or combined bypass) did not show any significant difference for stroke recurrence, perioperative stroke, or mortality (log rank; p = 0.524, p = 0.828, and p = 0.616, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

During the treatment of symptomatic MMD in adults, bypass surgery reduces stroke recurrence for the hemorrhagic type, but it does not do so for the ischemic type. The best choice of bypass methods in adult patients with MMD is uncertain. In adult ischemic MMD, a prospective randomized study to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of bypass surgery to prevent recurrent stroke is necessary.
In Vitro Investigation of Six Antioxidants for Pig Diets
Authors: Vergauwen Hans , Prims Sara , Degroote Jeroen , Wang Wei , Casteleyn Christophe , Van Cruchten Steven , De Smet Stefaan , Michiels Joris , Van Ginneken Chris
Published: November 2016

Oxidative stress in the small intestinal epithelium can lead to barrier malfunction. In this study, the effect of rosmarinic acid (RA), quercetin (Que), gallic acid (GA), lipoic acid (LA), ethoxyquin (ETQ) and Se-methionine (SeMet) pre-treatments using 2 mM Trolox as a control on the viability and the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) of oxidatively (H2O2) stressed intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) was investigated. A neutral red assay showed that RA (50–400 µM), Que (12.5–200 µM), GA (50–400 µM), ETQ (6.25–100 µM), and SeMet (125–1000 µM) pre-treatments but not LA significantly increased the viability of H2O2-stressed IPEC-J2 cells (p < 0.05). A 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester (CM-H2DCFDA) fluorescent probe showed that RA (100–600 µM), Que (25–800 µM), ETQ (3.125–100 µM) and SeMet (500–2000 µM) pre-treatments significantly reduced iROS in IPEC-J2 monolayers (p < 0.05). Moreover, RA and Que were most effective in reducing iROS. Therefore, the effects of RA and Que on barrier functioning in vitro were examined. RA and Que pre-treatments significantly decreased fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated dextran-4 (4 kDa) permeability and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of an IPEC-J2 cell monolayer (p < 0.05). These in vitro results of RA and Que hold promise for their use as antioxidants in pig feed.
Understanding the Performance and Stability of Supported Ni-Co-Based Catalysts in Phenol HDO
Authors: Huynh Thuan , Armbruster Udo , Kreyenschulte Carsten , Nguyen Luong , Phan Binh , Nguyen Duc , Martin Andreas
Published: November 2016

Performances of bimetallic catalysts (Ni-Co) supported on different acidic carriers (HZSM-5, HBeta, HY, ZrO2) and corresponding monometallic Ni catalysts in aqueous phase hydrodeoxygenation of phenol were compared in batch and continuous flow modes. The results revealed that the support acidity plays an important role in deoxygenation as it mainly controls the oxygen-removing steps in the reaction network. At the same time, sufficient hydrothermal stability of a solid catalyst is essential. Batch experiments revealed 10Ni10Co/HZSM-5 to be the best-performing catalyst in terms of conversion and cyclohexane yield. Complementary continuous runs provided more insights into the relationship between catalyst structure, efficiency and stability. After 24 h on-stream, the catalyst still reveals 100% conversion and a slight loss (from 100% to 90%) in liquid hydrocarbon selectivity. The observed alloy of Co with Ni increased dispersion and stability of Ni-active sites, and combination with HZSM-5 resulted in a well-balanced ratio of metal and acid sites which promoted all necessary steps in preferred pathways. This was proved by studies of fresh and spent catalysts using various characterization techniques (N2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine (pyr-IR)).