bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal associations among resilience, social isolation, and gender in U.S. Iraq and Afghanistan–era veterans
Authors: Metts Allison , Mendoza Corina , Pearson Rahel , Creech Suzannah K.
Published: November 2024

Negative mental health outcomes are prevalent among veterans exposed to military‐related stressors and are associated with social isolation. Limited research exists on resilience following military separation and its impact on social isolation in veterans. We examined resilience against military‐related stressors and 2‐year longitudinal associations with social isolation indicators; gender differences were also explored. U.S. military veterans (N = 351, 70.4% men) who deployed to the wars in and around Iraq and Afghanistan following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks (9/11) were recruited as part of a longitudinal assessment study examining predictors of postdeployment adjustment. Using a residualization approach, resilience was approximated as low stressor reactivity (SR), calculated by regressing mental health onto military‐related stressor exposure. Military‐related stressors were significantly associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to both events during post‐9/11 deployment (deployment event) and outside of post‐9/11 deployment (other event), functional disability, and depression. After correcting for multiple comparisons, only SR derived from depressive symptoms predicted more closeness difficulties in social relationships longitudinally, B = 0.50, q = .023. Women also demonstrated higher SR than men regarding other event‐related PTSD symptoms, B = −0.52, q < .001; functional disability, B = −0.28, q = .028; and depression, B = −0.34, q = .012. Results suggest that veterans with higher depressogenic reactivity to military‐related stressors were more likely to endorse discomfort with closeness than those with lower depressogenic reactivity. Women veterans may also be more impacted by nondeployment traumatic distress, psychosocial dysfunction, and depression in response to military‐related stressors.
Myoneurectomy for Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia: Long‐Term Outcomes, Complications, and Recurrence
Authors: Tsuji Domingos Hiroshi , Hachiya Adriana , Imamura Rui , Sennes Luiz Ubirajara
Published: November 2024

Objective

To evaluate the long‐term results of endoscopic myoneurectomy (EMN) of the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle for the treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia (AdSD), with an emphasis on vocal outcomes, adverse effects, and recurrence.

Methods

A total of 48 patients underwent up to three EMNs of the TA muscle and were followed for at least 18 months to evaluate the efficacy, based on patient and examiner assessments, and safety of the procedure(s). Vocal outcomes were evaluated through the use of the 30‐item Voice Handicap Index (VHI‐30) questionnaire and subjective (patient‐reported) assessment.

Results

In this group, 38 patients (79.2%) were considered successful. The median VHI‐30 score at baseline was 97, decreasing to 26 after treatment, and the median subjective postprocedural improvement was 88.5%. The most common adverse effects were granulomas (in 18 cases), glottic insufficiency (in two), and dyspnea (in one).

Conclusions

Although up to three procedures can be needed to achieve a high success rate, EMN of the TA muscle can provide excellent benefits in terms of vocal function with a low rate of complications.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 2024
High‐frequency dynamics of bottom dissolved oxygen in temperate shelf seas: The joint role of tidal mixing and sediment oxygen demand
Authors: Wu Wenfan , Song Changyuan , Chen Yicheng , Zhai Fangguo , Liu Zizhou , Liu Cong , Gu Yanzhen , Li Peiliang
Published: November 2024

Dissolved oxygen (DO) in the bottom layer is essential for benthic organisms, and its temporal variations are widely concerned. However, previous studies have primarily focused on the long‐term variations of bottom DO, leaving its high‐frequency (HF) dynamics inadequately understood. This study addresses this gap by utilizing two seafloor monitoring systems that provide 3‐year‐long HF records in a typical temperate shelf sea, the Bohai Sea, China. During the stratified period each year, bottom DO exhibits notable HF fluctuations superimposed on its seasonal cycle. These HF signals originate from tide‐induced vertical mixing, showing peaks at various tidal frequencies. Notably, significant shallow‐water tidal signals are observed in bottom DO due to the frequency doubling of semi‐diurnal and diurnal tidal currents. Moreover, bottom DO demonstrates strongly asymmetric responses to tidal mixing on HF time scales. To be specific, the bottom DO increases with the intensity of tidal mixing, with this process being exceptionally rapid under conditions of weak tidal mixing. The underlying cause of this asymmetry is the markedly stronger vertical DO gradient near the seabed due to sediment oxygen demand. A process‐oriented biological model successfully reproduced observational features, further supporting our theoretical inference. These findings highlight the joint role of tidal mixing and sediment oxygen demand in modulating the HF dynamics of bottom DO in temperate shelf seas, underscoring their significance for the refined prediction of bottom DO in the future.
Capitalizing on the wealth of chemical data in the accretionary structures of aquatic taxa: Opportunities from across the tree of life
Authors: Doubleday Zoë A. , Hosking Louise , Willoughby Jasper , Dias Minoli , Leclerc Natasha , Nikolajew Shanie Brault , Peharda Melita , Rézio Arieli Tristão , Trueman Clive
Published: November 2024

Aquatic organisms are natural data loggers and record chemical variations within hardened accretionary structures like shells and teeth. Chemical sclerochronology is the study of these chemical variations through time and how they are used to understand environmental change and the physiology and ecology of species. While sclerochronology research has largely focused on bivalves, teleost fish, and hard corals, there are many other aquatic taxa rich with time‐resolved chemical data. To expand focus to these “other” taxa and determine the state‐of‐play, we compiled a database of chemical sclerochronology studies spanning nine living phyla and 19 classes. We then examined research trends and knowledge gaps across these taxa and showcase their exciting potential to collect critical data and address pressing environmental and ecological challenges. We hope this synthesis will encourage further research on species across the tree of life, as well as foster collaboration among the established and lesser‐known fields of sclerochronology.
Topological Metasurface for Spin‐Decoupled Wavefront Manipulation of Terahertz Surface Plasmons
Authors: Lang Yuanhao , Xu Quan , Xu Guanghong , Zhang Xueqian , Li Quan , Han Jiaguang
Published: November 2024

On‐chip wavefront manipulation of terahertz surface plasmons is crucial for the miniaturization and practical application of terahertz technology. Recently, topological metasurfaces have emerged as a promising avenue for spin‐decoupled wavefront manipulation, leveraging the unique topological properties of non‐Hermitian matrices near their singular points. Despite their innovative phase control mechanisms, topological metasurfaces have not yet been explored for surface plasmon devices. Here, spin‐decoupled wavefront manipulation of terahertz surface plasmons is experimentally achieved using freestanding topological metasurfaces. This approach promises to expand the control methods of surface plasmons and broaden the application scenarios of topological metasurfaces, providing a new paradigm for the design of integrated on‐chip terahertz devices.
Precise Genotyping Via Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy‐Based Optical Sensing Chip for Guiding Targeted Therapy in Lung Cancer
Authors: Fan Min , Chen Jingbo , Zheng Xiaomeng , Xu Luyun , Ye Jianqin , Lin Xueliang , Kong Kien Voon , Lin Duo , Lu Yudong , Feng Shangyuan
Published: November 2024

The emergence of “precision medicine” marks a notable shift in cancer treatment, moving from a tumor type–oriented approach to a more targeted, gene‐oriented approach. Detecting low‐abundance mutant genes in blood is challenging but crucial for personalized treatment plans. Herein, a novel platform combining catalytic hairpin self‐assembly (CHA)‐mediated self‐calibrating surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with a high‐throughput Raman system (CCSPS) was designed. This platform enables ultrasensitive and rapid genotype analysis of gene mutations. The development of CCSPS specifically targets EGFR mutations, which serve as crucial therapeutic targets for precision therapy in lung cancer. This system shows excellent sensitivity and selectivity, capable of detecting multiple EGFR mutations (Del‐19, L858R, and T790M) with a detection limit as low as attomolar levels. Additionally, precise genotyping analysis was successfully conducted on 42 clinical samples using the CCSPS, yielding results consistent with those obtained through next‐generation sequencing. These results underscore the efficacy of the CCSPS in noninvasively identifying circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) mutations, facilitating immediate therapeutic decision making at the bedside. In summary, the CCSPS is a fast, accurate, versatile, and compact testing system capable of precisely screening individuals who stand to benefit from targeted therapy, thus promoting personalized and precise healthcare.
Regulating A‐Site Alloying of Te4+‐Doped Hafnium‐Halide Perovskite for Fluorescence Thermometry Achieving Breakthrough Sensitivity at High Temperatures
Authors: Chang Jianglong , Wang Yichao , Li You , Gao Yuefeng , Yu Hongquan , Cao Yongze , Zhang Xizhen , Chen Baojiu , Xu Sai
Published: November 2024

Fluorescence thermometry has garnered significant attention for its noninvasive, remote, highly sensitive, and rapid temperature measurement capabilities. However, achieving superior sensitivity at high temperatures remains a persistent challenge. Herein, a series of Rb2−xCsxHfCl6: y%Te4+ perovskites are synthesized to investigate the impact exerted by A‐site regulating regarding the luminescence efficiency and temperature‐responsive capabilities. Te4+ doping significantly enhances luminescence intensity, with the broadband yellow light resulting from electron–phonon coupling within the soft lattice, driven by self‐trapped exciton emission. Furthermore, A‐site regulation demonstrates that increasing Cs⁺ content induces enhanced Jahn–Teller distortion, thereby boosting luminescence efficiency. However, the pure Rb sample exhibits the lowest thermal activation energy, as the temperature rises, increased phonon‐exciton coupling and the defect activity accelerate the nonradiative recombination, drastically decreasing fluorescence lifetime by two orders of magnitude from 300 to 390 K. Utilizing this exceptional thermal sensitivity, a lifetime‐based fluorescence thermometer is developed, attaining a breakthrough relative sensitivity reaching 20.69% K−1 at 390 K, with high repeatability across multiple heating and cooling cycles. Additionally, a high‐temperature warning system for lubricating oil pipelines is designed, demonstrating robust monitoring capabilities. This work offers a new perspective on developing highly sensitive thermometers that utilize halide perovskites for high‐temperature applications.
Reversible Demountable Coating Films Composed of Trifunctional Liquid Anthracene Compounds and Evaluation of Their Adhesive Properties
Authors: Akiyama Haruhisa , Fukada Tamaki , Matsuzawa Yoko , Akaike Kouki
Published: November 2024

Technologies that facilitate recycling are attracting considerable interest from the perspective of resource constraints. In the present study, degradable primer films are to facilitate the removal of strongly bonded joints. This film consists of a light‐cured trifunctional anthracene compound that thermally decomposes to its original liquid state. To demonstrate its function as a degradable primer film and verify its range of applications, various substrates, such as aluminum alloys, stainless steel, carbon fiber‐reinforced plastics, carbon fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics, and polyetheretherketone, are bonded through the primer film using a two‐component epoxy adhesive. All the single‐lap specimens exhibit strengths above 10 MPa, which is sufficient, or base material fracture. When adhesive bonding specimens prepared using the same procedure are heated at 180 °C to transform the coating film to a liquid state, the bond strength is significantly reduced. The primer film is expected to exhibit long‐term stability of more than one year at ≈60 °C.
Seshadri constants on blow‐ups of Hirzebruch surfaces
Authors: Hanumanthu Krishna , Jacob Cyril J. , Suhas B. N. , Singh Amit Kumar
Published: November 2024

Let be integers and let denote the Hirzebruch surface with invariant . We compute the Seshadri constants of an ample line bundle at an arbitrary point of the ‐point blow‐up of when and at a very general point when or . We also discuss several conjectures on linear systems of curves on the blow‐up of at very general points.
Fractional Laplacian in V‐shaped waveguide
Authors: Bakharev Fedor , Matveenko Sergey
Published: November 2024

The spectral properties of the restricted fractional Dirichlet Laplacian in V‐shaped waveguides are studied. The continuous spectrum for such domains with cylindrical outlets is known to occupy the ray with the threshold corresponding to the smallest eigenvalue of the cross‐sectional problems. In this work, the presence of a discrete spectrum at any junction angle is established along with the monotonic dependence of the discrete spectrum on the angle.
Smart Crowding on pH‐Induced Elasticity of Weakly Anionic poly(N‐Isopropylacrylamide)‐Based Semi‐Interpenetrating Polymer Networks via Integration of Methacrylic Acid and Linear Polyacrylamide Chains
Authors: Kalkan Birgul , Orakdogen Nermin
Published: November 2024

Weakly anionic semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs), comprised of copolymer poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐methacrylic acid) P(NIPA‐MA) and linear poly(acrylamide) (LPA) chains as macromolecular crowding agent, are designed to evaluate pH‐induced swelling and elasticity. Uniaxial compression testing after swelling in various pH‐conditions is used to analyze the compressive elasticity as a function of swelling pH and LPA‐content. The swelling of P(NIPA‐MA)/LPA semi‐IPNs is strongly pH‐dependent due to MA units incorporated into the copolymer network which already exhibits temperature‐sensitivity by presence of PNIPA counterpart. Since the behavior of semi‐IPNs is a combination of PMA, LPA, and PNIPA moieties, the sensitivity of swelling to external pH can be modified with increasing swelling temperature. At high pH conditions, LPA‐doped semi‐IPNs show elasticity representing soft and loosely cross‐linked structure. Elastic modulus is higher in acidic pH condition due to the less swelling tendency, while in basic pH, the modulus decreases significantly in coordination with swelling. Oscillatory swelling reveals how fast semi‐IPNs can respond to environmental pH change (2.1–10.7). By describing adsorption potential of semi‐IPNs for cationic methylene blue uptake by pseudo‐first‐order and Freundlich model, the designed poly(NIPA‐MA)/LPA semi‐IPNs emerge as promising smart materials in applications requiring rapid response to changes in temperature and pH via diffusional properties.
Exploring the Impact of Parkinson's Disease on Driving: A Population‐Based Survey
Authors: Meinders Marjan J. , Maas Bart R. , Bloem Bastiaan R. , van Geluk Hans , Darweesh Sirwan K.L.
Published: November 2024

Background

Persons with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience progressive motor and non‐motor symptoms which may influence their ability to drive a car. This is experienced as a massive challenge by many affected individuals, for whom being able to drive a car is vital to maintain functional independence.

Objectives

We assessed how the diagnosis of PD affected the possession of a driving license, how people with PD had adapted their driving style, and to what extent they had communicated about their driving ability with their healthcare professionals. We also evaluated their knowledge on insurance‐ and Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA)‐related implications.

Method

A cross‐sectional 10‐item survey was completed by 540 participants of a population‐based cohort of persons with PD in the Netherlands (PRIME‐NL study).

Results

Participants had a mean age of 70 years and disease duration of 7.3 years. 84% possessed a valid driving license. Of those who gave up their license, this was done mostly (78%) on a voluntarily basis. Forty percent of those with a driving license adjusted their driving style. Over 50% of respondents had not discussed the impact of PD on their driving ability with their healthcare professionals. Although not compulsory by Dutch law, 52% of the respondents had informed the DVLA about their diagnosis.

Conclusion

This study highlights the need for information and support from healthcare professionals to proactively address driving in their clinical practice. This will help persons with PD in their efforts to maintain their driving license for as long as possible.
Study: More inpatient beds needed to tackle youth MH crisis
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: November 2024

Given a pediatric mental health crisis that continues to worsen, children increasingly have prolonged emergency department (ED) visits while awaiting mental health care; however, those long waits have been partially attributed to inadequate availability of pediatric inpatient psychiatric beds, according to a study published last month in JAMA Pediatrics.
Theoretical and numerical study of a Burgers viscous equation type with moving boundary
Authors: Pereira L. C. M. , Carmo B. A. , Rincon M. A. , Apolaya R. F.
Published: November 2024

In this article, we investigate the existence, uniqueness, and numerical aspects of a one‐ and two‐dimensional nonlinear viscous type Burgers problem defined in a noncylindrical domain. In order to obtain the existence and uniqueness of the solution, the problem with a moving ends is transformed into an equivalent problem in a cylindrical through a diffeomorphism between the domains. The numerical simulation for the one‐ and two‐dimensional cases is performed using Lagrange with degrees 1–3 and cubic Hermite polynomials as base functions for applying the linearized Crank–Nicolson–Galerkin method to obtain an approximate numerical solution. Graphs prove the efficiency of the numerical method along with the order of numerical convergence consistent with the degree of the base polynomial.
AAPM task group report 314: Fault recovery in external beam radiation therapy
Authors: Sutlief Steven , Buckey Courtney , Ibbott Geoffrey , Hadley Scott , Curran Bruce , Siochi Ramon Alfredo , Tripathi Sugata , Perrin David , Young Cheryl , Negrut Cristina , Robertson Ian , Koehl Susan , Shi Jie
Published: November 2024

Task Group (TG) 314 of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) was charged to develop guidance for recovering from fault states in radiation therapy, specifically regarding the delivery of photon or electron beams using a linear accelerator (linac) including ancillary systems. The fault conditions addressed may involve software, hardware, or a combination of causes. The report provides detailed recommendations for the proactive steps to be taken before a fault, the actions to be taken at the time of a fault, and the safety steps before returning a linac to clinical service, as well as the activities that device manufacturers and standard organizations can do to prevent and resolve the faults. A user‐maintained log of prior faults; establishment of remote access by the vendor; and user training in emergency gantry, couch, and door motions are all useful proactive steps. At the moment of downtime and after ensuring the safety of the patient, the report stresses the importance of capturing fault information, prompt contact with the service engineer after the initial assessment, and considerations for communicating the estimated duration before the linac is returned to service. The medical physicist has a critical responsibility to assess the impact of the fault on patient care. Before resuming clinical use, the medical physicist must both determine the level of testing required to ensure safe operation of the linac and ensure any partially or totally delivered treatments have been correctly saved for accurate completion of the treatment fraction. The report stresses the roles of the radiation therapist, medical physicist, and service engineer to efficiently and safely address linac downtime. The appendices contain a description of the efforts of several organizations regarding linac safety: Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise—Radiation Oncology, International Standards Organization/International Electrotechnical Commission, Radiation Oncology Safety Stakeholder Initiative, and the AAPM Vendor Relations and Product Usability Subcommittee.

Disclaimer: The recommendations of this TG should not be used to establish regulations. These recommendations are guidelines for Qualified Medical Physicists and others to use and appropriately interpret for their institution and clinical setting. Each institution may have site‐specific or state‐mandated needs and requirements which may modify their usage of these recommendations.
Extension of a 3D Geological Entity Modeling Method for Discontinuous Deformation Analysis
Authors: Wang Xing , Fu Xiaodong , Sheng Qian , Chen Jian , Kang Jingyu , Wu Jiaming
Published: November 2024

With the development of 3D discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) in precise stress fields and crack propagation problems, it has also demonstrated outstanding capabilities in solving continuous–discontinuous problems. However, currently, 3D DDA modeling primarily focuses on generating rock joint networks and developing 3D cutting algorithms. Correspondingly, 3D geological modeling methods are not yet mature, and establishing 3D models often demands substantial time. The lack of supporting preprocessing modeling methods and corresponding visual operation interfaces significantly hampers the development of 3D DDA. This method builds upon advanced research achievements in unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography, 3D reconstruction, 3D cutting, computer graphics, and visualization program design. This research establishes a 3D geological entity modeling method for 3D DDA and constructs a comprehensive program using relevant C++ libraries and C language interfaces. In this method, a 3D geological model that incorporates geological elements such as strata and faults is initially established using non‐uniform rational B‐splines (NURBSs) surfaces as the boundary of the solid model. Subsequently, finite element meshing is applied, followed by corresponding topology transformation, resulting in a 3D block system model suitable for 3D DDA calculation. To cater for diverse application scenarios, continuous–discontinuous models integrated with subblocks and models of arbitrary polyhedra can be established. The proposed method has been validated through several typical modeling examples, showing its ability to rapidly and generate 3D high‐precision geological reality models suitable for 3D DDA calculations. Additionally, some techniques used in this method can be extended for modeling other numerical simulation methods, warranting further research.
Characterization of Long‐Term Municipal Solid Waste Constitutive Behavior With Coupled Biodegradation and Fibrous Reinforcing Effects
Authors: Li Xiulei , Yang Chunwei , Zhang Yuchen , Li Yuping , Shi Jianyong , Sun Yanan
Published: November 2024

To appropriately simulate the long‐term mechanical behavior of municipal solid waste (MSW), a constitutive model coupling the effects of biodegradation and fibrous reinforcement was developed. In the proposed model, the compressive deformation due to biodegradation was regarded as being caused by an additional equivalent stress. Considering the effect of biodegradation, an evolution equation of the equivalent stress was proposed, and a plastic volumetric strain hardening law was developed. A fibrous reinforcement parameter was introduced, which was associated with the fiber content, stress state, and plastic shear strain of MSW. A plastic shear strain hardening law was developed to model the fibrous reinforcement. Based on the associated flow rule and two plastic strain hardening laws, the proposed model was established. The proposed model well simulated the hardening properties of MSW, as evidenced by the stress‒strain curves and the consistent, nonlinear increase in volumetric strain with axial strain. The differences in the shear strength and volumetric deformation due to the confining stress and fiber content were also well simulated by the model. Furthermore, the model predictions accurately reflected the findings of experiments conducted over a period of 10 years. Finally, parametric investigations were used to calibrate this proposed model, which can well characterize the long‐term MSW mechanical behavior.
Quadratic Programming Problems and Its Solution Techniques With Neural Network Modeling
Authors: Sah Mintu Kumar , Varma Neha , Kumar Sanjay
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a study on quadratic programming problems (QPP) and introduces a new neural network model with feasibility analysis. The stability analysis of QPP using neural network modeling is also discussed. The proposed neural network model has a simple form, and its optimal feasibility for both primal and dual QP problems is established. The model demonstrates a good convergence rate with a minimal number of iterations, achieving a very fast convergence to the exact solutions of both the primal and dual QP problems. The optimal solutions for the original QP problem and its dual QPP are obtained. Finally, two simple numerical examples are simulated to illustrate the findings.
Role of stable‐structural yarns and fabrics on the tensile and bending performance of carbon fiber resin composites
Authors: Ma Zhenyu , Yin Dongdong , Ma Zhenhao , Man Ruidong , Yin Zhenhua , Li Wenxia
Published: November 2024

The component yarns and fabrics effected the formability and stability of preforms, and finally determined the performance of corresponding composites. In this research, four typical fabric structures of carbon fiber resin composites (CFRC) were introduced to conduct the comparative investigation. The stability of component yarns in natural state and in fabrics have been discussed at mesoscopic scale, and the main methods to improve the structural stability of preforms were proposed. Composites with and without stable‐structural fibers and fabrics were manufactured by the modified curing process, and the yarn cross‐sections in specimens were analyzed. The tensile and bending performance of these composite specimens was comparatively conducted to discuss the influence of stable preforms on the elastic properties. The fracture mode and mechanism of specimens were illustrated in meso‐scale. The results depicted that yarns and fabrics with stable‐structural cross‐section could ensure a high fiber volume fraction, reducing the curvature of load‐bearing yarns, and effectively reduce the yarn curvature along bearing direction. The high interfacial bonding strength of composites with stable geometrical fabrics exhibited the excellent in‐plane mechanical properties, and presented the obvious brittle fracture characteristics when the fibers fully exert their load‐bearing capacity.

Highlights

Stable‐structural fibers result in the prominent performance of composites.

Performance of composites with stable preforms show the low dispersion.

Stable cross‐section of component yarns can enhance the stability of preforms.

Low curvature yarns lead to brittle fracture characteristics of composites.
Epoxy resin/POSS/chitosan‐modified silica nanocomposite: Characterization of thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Sajadifar Mohamadmahdi , Ehsani Morteza , Zaarei Davood , Khonakdar Hossein Ali
Published: November 2024

The present research investigated the properties of epoxy resin nanocomposites containing POSS and silica nanoparticles modified by chitosan and the effect of type and weight percent of nanoparticles on properties nanocomposites. The modification of silica by chitosan (CS) improved the mechanical and thermal performance of the nanocomposites, as evidenced by higher tensile strength, thermal stability, and ash content. At 1 wt.% of POSS, incorporation of 1 wt.% of silica resulted in the Young's modulus of 417 MPa, and the value of 717 MPa was obtained when 1 wt.% of CS was used. Also, At 1 wt.% of POSS, incorporation of 1 wt.% of silica resulted in the ash value of 9.48%, while incorporation of 1 wt.% of CS silica resulted in the ash value of 11.73%. The curing behavior of the nanocomposites was also influenced by the heating rate and the nanoparticle content. According to cure index calculations, all nanocomposite samples showed excellent cure. The nanocomposites exhibited increased hydrophobicity with higher polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) content, which could reduce the susceptibility to bacterial and microbial contamination. The morphology of the nanocomposites revealed that the modified silica improved the fracture toughness and the dispersion of the nanoparticles in the epoxy matrix. The results indicated that the surface modification of silica by chitosan could optimize the properties of the nanocomposites by adjusting the content of CS and POSS nanoparticles, and that the nanocomposite coatings could have potential applications in biomedicine.

Highlights

Silica nanoparticles were successfully modified by chitosan.

Silica modification improved dispersion and distribution in the resin matrix.

Nanoparticle modification improved mechanical properties at lower content.

The presence of POSS increased contact angle from 60° to 81°.

Thermal stability was successfully improved by the designed system.
POMOPLA2: A Bio‐Based Material Solution Valorizing Tomato By‐Products for Circular Packaging Applications
Authors: Rotondo Benedetta , Zych Arkadiusz , Marinelli Andrea , Santi Romina , Del Curto Barbara , Athanassiou Athanassia , Perotto Giovanni
Published: November 2024

The depletion of fossil resources, increasing packaging pollution, and stricter regulations require the development of sustainable alternative materials. This study presents POMOPLA2, a fully bio‐based composite that enhances circularity by valorizing industrial tomato peel by‐products within a plasticized polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. A novel bio‐based and biodegradable plasticizer derived from oils was used to successfully reduce PLA brittleness, providing higher toughness (+485%) and strain at break (+177%), a lower glass transition temperature, while enhancing the compatibility of the tomato peels, used as reinforcement. The incorporation of tomato peel biomass has the potential to reduce production costs, and we showed that it can be used to modulate mechanical performance as well as aesthetics‐sensory attributes. Low percentages of tomato peels (5% w/w) maintained translucency for flexible film packaging applications, whereas higher contents (20% w/w) proved adequate mechanical properties for rigid packaging. POMOPLA2 might implement a local circular economy in line with the European Circular Economy Action Plan, that is, to produce tomatoes' packaging to be potentially reintegrated into the biological cycle as compost, fostering a seamless nature‐to‐nature cycle.
Incipient resistance of the African maize stemborer, Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry2Ab2 maize in South Africa
Authors: Strydom Elrine , Erasmus Annemie , Friis Stephanus , Magson Jacques , Parimi Srinivas , Martinelli Samuel , Head Graham P , du Plessis Hannalene , van den Berg Johnnie
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Resistance of Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1Ab was documented in 2006, 7 years after the first cultivation of MON 810 in South Africa. This was mitigated by introducing a second‐generation Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize (MON 89034), which contains the Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins. The first reports of B. fusca infestations of MON 89034 maize came in the KwaZulu‐Natal province (2017–2018 cropping season), followed by reports in the Mpumalanga province (2022–2023 season). Here we report results of artificial diet‐ and plant‐based laboratory assays to assess the susceptibility of B. fusca populations to the Bt proteins in MON 89034.

RESULTS

Larvae were sampled from nine locations which included three where greater than expected injury due to B. fusca had been reported to MON 89034. Larval mortality in assays with diet‐incorporated Cry2Ab2 protein was 100% for all except the three problem populations, showing that the Cry2Ab2 protein in MON 89034 is highly efficacious against B. fusca. In contrast, assays with Cry1A.105 did not cause significant mortality in any of the B. fusca populations including larvae from a susceptible reference. Larval survival on leaf tissue of MON 89034 maize after 7 days ranged between 75% and 91% for the three problematic B. fusca populations, compared to 0.4% to 9.6% for the five other populations.

CONCLUSION

Therefore, MON 89034 is effectively a single‐mode‐of‐action technology against B. fusca and carries an inherent high risk for the evolution of resistance. This study shows that the three B. fusca populations collected from locations with greater than expected damage to MON 89034 have resistance to the Cry2Ab2 protein and therefore to MON 89034 maize. This research emphasizes the importance of resistance monitoring and implementation of effective insect resistance management tactics. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Ultralow Threshold Voltage Responding Synaptic Memristor Device Based on CuxO and Diamond Schottky Junction
Authors: Liu Pei‐Xin , Shao Tian , Chen Qiao , Shen Andy Hsitien
Published: November 2024

Herein, an ultralow‐threshold voltage‐responsive synaptic memristor based on CuxO and B‐doped diamond (BDD) heterojunctions is developed. The aggregation of oxygen vacancies corresponding to the high‐ and low‐resistance states forms the foundation for the hysteresis behavior. The I–V curves exhibit impressive analog resistive switching (analog RS), which renders the memristor highly suitable for simulating synaptic stimulation. The reliable stability of this structure is confirmed using 122 individual devices, achieving a yield of 90.2% with highly consistent I–V curves. In addition, the effect of the B‐dopant level in the diamond is investigated. By reducing the B/C ratio of the precursor from 1:500 to 1:2000 during the hot filament chemical vapor deposition synthesis process, a significant 55.3% reduction in current is achieved, leading to lower energy consumption. The Schottky barrier height increases with decreasing B‐dopant levels, providing a broader adjustable range for synaptic weight renewal. Remarkably, when the pulse amplitude is decreased to an ultralow value of 3 mV, the synaptic function of the device remains observable, with an energy consumption of only 9.5 × 10−11 J. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of such a low‐amplitude pulse voltage in a two‐terminal memristor.
Cellulose Composite Aerogels with High Adsorption Capacity and Recyclability for Dye Removal
Authors: Li Yang , Liu Zhongming , Wang Shoujuan , Kong Fangong
Published: November 2024

Cellulose‐based “biomass” adsorptive materials have gained significant attention because of their effectiveness in various applications. In this study, a cellulose composite aerogel with a rich three‐dimensional network structure, low density, and high porosity was successfully obtained by the in situ self‐polymerization of dopamine (DA) and acrylamide (AM) in an alkaline urine system. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and other analytical techniques were used to analyze the physical and chemical structures of the cellulose composite aerogels. The results revealed that the introduction of DA and AM into the aerogel enhanced the adsorption and mechanical properties of the active sites, thereby boosting adsorption capacity and recyclability. By optimizing the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye using a cellulose composite aerogel, a maximum adsorption capacity of 406.89 mg g was obtained. The MB dye adsorption curve of the cellulose composite aerogel conformed to the Langmuir model, which indicates high adsorption capacity and recyclability. This confirms the high application potential of the cellulose composite aerogel in wastewater treatments.
Urease Immobilization with Affinity Based Hybrid Nanopolymeric Membranes
Authors: Kuru‐Sumer Cansu İlke , Ulucan‐Karnak Fulden , Akgöl Sinan
Published: November 2024

Affınity based hybrid nanopolymeric membranes were developed in this work as a support material to immobilize urease. The hybrid membrane exhibits the desired characteristics and has potential applications in biotechnological and biomedical processes, particularly in artificial kidney devices that remove urea from blood. In this study, it was aimed to embed p(GMA) (glycidylmethacrylate) nanoparticles into HEMA(2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate) membranes and use them in urease enzyme immobilization. First, p(GMA) nanoparticles were synthesized with surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization method. Then, a hybrid affinity system was developed by embedding p(GMA) nanoparticles in the p(HEMA) polymeric membranes synthesized by the free radical photopolymerization method. Following the characterization studies with dry mass analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, surface area calculations, and swelling tests of the hybrid membranes, and conditions (pH, temperature, and concentration) were optimized for urease immobilization. Urease was immobilized onto p(GMA) nanoparticles embedded in p(HEMA) hybrid membranes via adsorption. The maximum urease immobilization capacity of the p(GMA) nanoparticles embedded in p(HEMA) hybrid membranes was 31.85 µg/g. The hybrid membrane exhibits the desired characteristics and has potential applications in biotechnological and biomedical processes, particularly in artificial kidney devices that remove urea from blood.
Continuous Degradation of Formaldehyde by Using NaClO2‐SA/CMC‐Na Composite Microcapsules
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Chen Qiurong , Luo Yan
Published: November 2024

Sodium chlorite (NaClO2) is a new type of air disinfectant, which can oxidize formaldehyde into carbon dioxide (CO2) on account of releasing chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas under acidic condition. Unfortunately, NaClO2 is prone to moisture absorption and decomposition when exposed to air. In this paper, NaClO2 was microencapsulated based on emulsion crosslinking method for improving its stability and controlled release properties. Due to their high biocompatibility, sodium alginate (SA) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC‐Na) were selected as the wall material to prepare NaClO2‐SA/CMC‐Na composite microcapsules. The results showed that mean particle size of NaClO2‐SA/CMC‐Na composite microcapsules was about 225 nm, and their encapsulation ratio was up to 73.18%. In addition, the thermal stability and environmental tolerance of NaClO2 are improved greatly through microencapsulating. It was proved by formaldehyde degradation testing that the efficiency of formaldehyde degradation using resulted samples can continue to increase after seven days in pH 6.5 environment, indicating their good controlled‐release performance. Moreover, degradation efficiency on 30 µg/mL formaldehyde solution using the resulted microcapsules is up to 97.08%. Meanwhile, after 20 repetition degradation, NaClO2‐SA/CMC‐Na composite microcapsules can still continuously degrade formaldehyde gas. Therefore, NaClO2‐SA/CMC‐Na composite microcapsules reveal good stability and prolonged action on formaldehyde degradation.
Recent Advances in Development of Bioactive Fluorinated Pyrazole Derivatives: A Review
Authors: Amin Priyesh H. , Vekariya Rajesh H. , Dhakhda Sureshkumar K.
Published: November 2024

Fluorine, the most electronegative element, is currently used extensively in medicine, agrochemistry, and material science. Fluorinated compounds are expected to account for 30–50% of all active components now under development. It is difficult for medicinal chemists to discover new active compounds with higher efficacy, decreased mammalian toxicity, a better environmental profile, and a cheaper cost; yet, fluorinated pyrazole fits all of these criteria. The current review will provide an overview of the synthesis of pyrazoles with novel fluorinated substituents that have important uses in pharmaceutical and agricultural chemistry, with a focus on data published between 2011 and 2023. A concise table with the relevant literature references helped the reader to understand each derivative of fluorinated pyrazoles according to their biological activity.
Recent Progress on Coupling Reaction of Potassium Hexacyanoferrate(II) as an Environmentally Friendly Cyanide Source
Authors: Ma Yijun , Wen Fei , Chen Guangyuan , Zhang Yonghe , Li Zheng
Published: November 2024

Cyanidation reactions are an essential method for creating C─CN bonds. Traditional cyanidation reactions usually require the use of highly toxic and unstable cyanide sources, such as NaCN, KCN, CuCN, and TMSCN. K4[Fe(CN)6], a product of the coal chemical industry, has the advantages of high yield and low toxicity. It is a very environmentally friendly, safe, and stable cyanide source. Since 2004, K4[Fe(CN)6] has emerged as a viable alternative to conventional, highly toxic, and hazardous cyanide sources like NaCN and KCN in cyanidation reactions. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in studying green cyanidation reactions involving K4[Fe(CN)6]. This paper reviews the advancements in the study of cyanidation coupling reactions between substrates such as aryl halides, sulfonates, aryl carboxylic acids, aromatic aldehydes, acyl chlorides, phenols, benzyl alcohols, and aryl sulfonium salts with K4[Fe(CN)6].
Diethyl Phosphate‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydroquinolin‐4(1H)‐ones from 2‐Aminoacetophenones and Benzaldehydes
Authors: He Lanfeng , Wang Enhua , Zheng Shuang , Ban Yingguo , Hou Kaiping , Yang Lishou , Yang Xiaosheng
Published: November 2024

A diethyl phosphate (DEP)‐catalyzed one‐pot synthesis of 2,3‐dihydroquinolin‐4(1H)‐ones in DMF was achieved. Control experiments led to a plausible mechanism involving an intermolecular aldol condensation of 2‐aminoacetophenone and aldehyde, followed by a hydrogen bond‐driven cyclization. In this process, a series of 2,3‐dihydroquinolin‐4(1H)‐ones were obtained in good yields (48–84%). This strategy features transition metal‐free and short reaction times.
Synthesis of Substituted N'‐(3,5,6,7,8‐Pentafluoro‐1,4‐Dioxo‐1,4‐Dihydronaphthalen‐2‐yl)Hydrazides by Condensation of Acyl Hydrazines and Perfluoro‐1,4‐Naphthoquinone
Authors: Kudryavtseva Ekaterina N. , Lichitsky Boris V. , Tretyakov Evgeny V.
Published: November 2024

The reaction of different acyl hydrazines with hexafluoro‐1,4‐napthoquinone was studied for the first time. It was demonstrated that this interaction stops at the substitution of one fluorine atom in the quinone moiety. Based on the observed reaction, a general approach to the synthesis of different pentafluoro‐1,4‐dioxo‐1,4‐dihydronaphthalen‐2‐yl hydrazides was developed. It was revealed that optimal conditions for the condensation of hexafluoro‐1,4‐napthoquinone with hydrazides are reflux in MeOH for 0.25 h; note, the protocol does not require any chromatographic purification of the target products. The method is versatile and makes it possible to prepare products containing various substituents in the aryl part of the molecule. In addition, alkyl and heteroaryl hydrazides can be employed as starting compounds too, and the presence of hydroxy and cyano groups in the applied acyl hydrazines does not interfere with the condensation. The structure of one of the obtained products, namely 4‐chloro‐N□‐(3,5,6,7,8‐pentafluoro‐1,4‐dioxo‐1,4‐dihydronaphthalen‐2‐yl)benzohydrazide, was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. In crystals of this hydrazide, both NH groups form intermolecular hydrogen bonds that give rise to layers lying in the [001] plane. Prepared N'‐(3,5,6,7,8‐pentafluoro‐1,4‐dioxo‐1,4‐dihydronaphthalen‐2‐yl)hydrazides are of interest as redox‐active ligands and precursors for obtaining a wide range of functionalized 1,4‐napthoquinones for medicine chemistry.
Unraveling the Band Structure and Orbital Character of a π‐Conjugated 2D Graphdiyne‐Based Organometallic Network
Authors: D'Agosta Paolo , Achilli Simona , Tumino Francesco , Orbelli Biroli Alessio , Di Santo Giovanni , Petaccia Luca , Onida Giovanni , Li Bassi Andrea , Lobo‐Checa Jorge , Casari Carlo S.
Published: November 2024

Graphdiyne‐based carbon systems generate intriguing layered sp–sp2 organometallic lattices, characterized by flexible acetylenic groups connecting planar carbon units through metal centers. At their thinnest limit, they can result in 2D organometallic networks exhibiting unique quantum properties and even confining the surface states of the substrate, which is of great importance for fundamental studies. In this work, the on‐surface synthesis of a highly crystalline 2D organometallic network grown on Ag(111) is presented. The electronic structure of this mixed honeycomb‐kagome arrangement – investigated by angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy – reveals a strong electronic conjugation within the network, leading to the formation of two intense electronic band‐manifolds. In comparison to theoretical density functional theory calculations, it is observed that these bands exhibit a well‐defined orbital character that can be associated with distinct regions of the sp–sp2 monomers. Moreover, it is found that the halogen by‐products resulting from the network formation locally affect the pore‐confined states, causing a significant energy shift. This work contributes to the understanding of the growth and electronic structure of graphdiyne‐like 2D networks, providing insights into the development of novel carbon materials beyond graphene with tailored properties.
Double‐Layered Microneedle Patch Integrated with Multifunctional Nanoparticles and Live Bacteria for Long‐Term Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Zhang Wen , Lei Jiapeng , Jiang Peng , Hao Tianshu , Yuan Yaqi , Hu Hankun , Li Wei
Published: November 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex and prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disease that impacts a significant portion of the global population. Conventional treatments often focus on a singular pathogenic factor or suffer from limited skin penetration, resulting in unsatisfactory outcomes. Here, a multifunctional double‐layered microneedle (MN) patch is proposed for long‐term and effective treatment of AD by integrating therapeutic nanoparticles (NPs) and live bacteria. In the design, the MN tips are loaded with Prussian blue NPs encapsulating cetirizine hydrochloride (CET@PB NPs), while the patch backing incorporates Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). Upon skin insertion, the MN patch efficiently delivers CET@PB NPs into the skin and deposits live B. subtilis on the skin surface after fast dissolution. The delivered NPs not only scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improve oxidative stress microenvironments in the AD lesions, but also provide sustained release of the antihistamine CET in the skin for alleviating AD symptoms. Furthermore, B. subtilis survives on the skin for over 9 days and effectively inhibits the growth of the harmful bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. These features highlight the superior efficacy of the MN patch in long‐term treatment of AD, offering a promising alternative for the management of skin disorders in clinics.