bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic tools in maxillofacial fractures: Is there really a need of three-dimensional computed tomography?
Authors: Shah Sheerin , Uppal Sanjeev K. , Mittal Rajinder K. , Garg Ramneesh , Saggar Kavita
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Because of its functional and cosmetic importance, facial injuries, especially bony fractures are clinically very significant. Missed and maltreated fractures might result in malocclusion and disfigurement of the face, thus making accurate diagnosis of the fracture very essential. In earlier times, conventional radiography along with clinical examination played a major role in diagnosis of maxillofacial fractures. However, it was noted that the overlapping nature of bones and the inability to visualise soft tissue swelling and fracture displacement, especially in face, makes radiography less reliable and useful. Computed tomography (CT), also called as X-ray computed radiography, has helped in solving this problem. This clinical study is to compare three-dimensional (3D) CT reconstruction with conventional radiography in evaluating the maxillofacial fractures preoperatively and effecting the surgical management, accordingly. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients, with suspected maxillofacial fractures on clinical examination, were subjected to conventional radiography and CT face with 3D reconstruction. The number and site of fractures in zygoma, maxilla, mandible and nose, detected by both the methods, were enumerated and compared. The final bearing of these additional fractures, on the management protocol, was analysed. Results: CT proved superior to conventional radiography in diagnosing additional number of fractures in zygoma, maxilla, mandible (subcondylar) and nasal bone. Coronal and axial images were found to be significantly more diagnostic in fracture sites such as zygomaticomaxillary complex, orbital floor, arch, lateral maxillary wall and anterior maxillary wall. Conclusion: 3D images gave an inside out picture of the actual sites of fractures. It acted as mind’s eye for pre-operative planning and intra-operative execution of surgery. Better surgical treatment could be given to 33% of the cases because of better diagnostic ability of CT.
Effective use of simple computer programmes and clay models to demonstrate the planning and operative steps for teaching and presentations
Authors: Patil Rahul Krishnarao , Malhotra Gopal , Srinivasan Venugopal , Hamid Ahmed Osama Abdul , Cherian Mahil , Koul Ashok Raj
Published: September 2016

Background: Presenting and demonstrating a surgical procedure in the current era is difficult without good intraoperative pictures and videos. A long, complex, multi-staged surgery is better illustrated by detailed intraoperative images at various stages. Although desirable, it may be difficult due to various reasons. Material and Methods: A simple method of preparing illustrations with pictures/diagrams created on PowerPoint and clay models to recreate the missing links in clinical photographs has been proposed. Results: It is a simple technique with a moderate learning curve. Once familiar with technique, one can effectively use the technique to convey the details in much more clear manner. Conclusion: It is a simple and effective way of communicating through digital images, and gives the audience a 3 dimensional idea about the concept.
Periareolar augmentation mastopexy: A new approach dealing with the cases as tuberous breasts
Authors: Moltó-García Roberto , Villaverde-Doménech María Eloísa , González-Alonso Virina , Ripoll-Orts Francisco , Simon-Sanz Eduardo
Published: September 2016

Background: Periareolar augmentation mastopexy is one of the most demanded operations at Plastic Surgery clinics. Nevertheless, it is one of the leads of malpractice claims in United States caused by the high patient expectations and the standard surgical techniques which may result in common complications. The aim of this report is to present a new surgical approach to solve these complications. Methods: After establishing a working hypothesis, we performed a revision study of our patients and we came to the following conclusion: in order to perform a periareolar mastopexy for ptosis correction, breast has to be tuberous at any level and to have abnormally short inferior pole. These findings may explain the main complications from periareolar augmentation mastopexy with the standard surgical techniques. Consequently, we started a prospective observational study including 56 patients following a new surgical technique which deals the cases as tuberous breasts. Results: During three years, fifty-six periareolar mastopexies were performed with this new surgical approach with one year follow-up. No major complications were observed and 40 of the patients (71%) described the results as very positive. Conclusion: “If a periareolar mastopexy can be performed, then it must be a tuberous breast”. According to this, a new surgical technique for periareolar augmentation mastopexy has been developed obtaining an improvement in our surgical results and achieving a totally different view on this pathology, which has not been reported in literature yet.
Insight into Biochemical Characterization of Plant Sesquiterpene Synthases
Authors: Manczak Tom , Simonsen Henrik Toft
Published: September 2016

A fast and reproducible protocol was established for enzymatic characterization of plant sesquiterpene synthases that can incorporate radioactivity in their products. The method utilizes the 96-well format in conjunction with cluster tubes and enables processing of >200 samples a day. Along with reduced reagent usage, it allows further reduction in the use of radioactive isotopes and flammable organic solvents. The sesquiterpene synthases previously characterized were expressed in yeast, and the plant-derived Thapsia garganica kunzeaol synthase TgTPS2 was tested in this method. KM for TgTPS2 was found to be 0.55 μM; the turnover number, kcat, was found to be 0.29 s−1, kcat for TgTPS2 is in agreement with that of terpene synthases of other plants, and kcat/ KM was found to be 0.53 s−1 μM−1 for TgTPS2. The kinetic parameters were in agreement with previously published data.
Apport de la qPCR au dépistage des infections des ruminants par des Anaplasmataceae : étude de cas au Pays Basque et en Corse
Authors: Dahmani Mustapha , Mediannikov Oleg , Rousseau Frédéric , Fabrizy Bernard , Ferrandi Sandrine , Fenollar Florence , Davoust Bernard
Published: September 2016

Les Anaplasmataceae sont des bactéries intracellulaires transmises aux animaux et à l’homme, principalement par les tiques. Les Anaplasma spp. (A. marginale, A. phagocytophilum…) et les Ehrlichia

spp. (E. canis, E. ruminantium...) en sont les principaux représentants d’importance économique et sanitaire. Les outils de diagnostic disponibles jouent un rôle déterminant dans leur identification. Nous proposons une approche globale par un système permettant d’identifier la plupart des espèces d’Anaplasmataceae. Il est basé sur le gène codant l’ARNr 23S ; il couple une qPCR et une PCR standard avec deux jeux d’amorces suivie d’un séquençage. Il est testé pour en vérifier la spécificité, puis mis en oeuvre à partir de prélèvements de sang de ruminants et de tiques : dans les Pyrénées-Atlantiques, des brebis suspectes d’infection sont porteuses d’A. ovis et leurs tiques Rhipicephalus bursa, d’A. ovis, d’A. phagocytophilum et d’une nouvelle ehrlichia. En Haute-Corse, une forte prévalence d’infections par les Anaplasmataceae est détectée dans des élevages (bovins, ovins, caprins) où la symptomatologie rétrocède lors de traitements à l’oxytétracycline. La spécificité et la sensibilité du système de diagnostic utilisé et sa capacité à identifier de nouvelles espèces offrent des perspectives pour l’étude de l’épidémiologie des Anaplasmataceae et permettront de mettre en évidence de nouveaux réservoirs.
Les spécificités françaises du débat sur le statut de l’animal
Authors: Faget Laurent B. C.
Published: September 2016

Les débats autour du statut de l’animal sont très influencés par les courants utilitaristes. Leur vision morale du monde s’enracine dans la notion que les animaux sont des êtres d’intérêt parce qu’ils sont capables de ressentir la souffrance et le plaisir. Cela conduit à leur reconnaître un statut particulier, voire à exiger leur libération. En France, l’héritage des Lumières a permis l’émergence d’une vision anthropocentrée dont le pilier est la liberté. Conjuguée à l’héritage kantien, cette approche nous conduit à considérer cette problématique de l’animal sous un autre angle, plus particulièrement en matière de droit. L’émergence d’un nouvel humanisme fondé sur une morale laïque nous conduit à proposer de faire évoluer le lien Homme-Animal, ce qui demande une vigilance particulière.
JANES v0.4: Korpus slovenskih spletnih uporabniških vsebin
Authors: Fišer Darja , Erjavec Tomaž , Ljubešić Nikola
Published: September 2016

V prispevku predstavimo najnovejšo različico korpusa spletne slovenščine Janes, ki vsebuje tvite, spletne forume, novice in uporabniške komentarje nanje, blogovske zapise in komentarje nanje ter uporabniške in pogovorne strani na Wikipediji. Najprej opišemo postopek zajema besedil za vsakega od vključenih virov in podamo kvantitativno analizo zgrajenega korpusa. Sledi predstavitev avtomatskih in ročnih postopkov za obogatitev korpusa s koristnimi metapodatki, kot so tip, spol in regija avtorja ter sentiment in stopnja tehnične in jezikovne standardnosti posameznega besedila. Prispevek sklenemo z opisom delotoka za jezikoslovno označevanje korpusa, ki vključuje tokenizacijo, stavčno segmentacijo, rediakritizacijo, normalizacijo, oblikoskladenjsko označevanje in lematizacijo.
Fidelity to western metaphysics: A challenge to authentic African existence
Authors: Asouzu Innocent I
Published: September 2016

In this paper, I tried to show how Western attitude to reality can be traced to the divisive exclusivist type of mind-set behind  Aristotle’s conception of the world. I gesture toward some of the severest consequences of approaching the world with such a mind-set, and how such has complicated matters in some of the major debates in African philosophy. By recourse to ibuanyidanda  or complementary philosophy, the author explores ways of addressing some of the challenges approaches of this kind present in view of resolving issues that have relevance for authentic existence.Keywords: Aristotle, ibuanyidanda, complementary ontology, Tempelsian Damage, ihe mkpuchi anya, missing link of reality.
Xenophobia and its implications for social order in Africa
Authors: Lanre-Abass Bolatito A , Oguh Matthew E
Published: September 2016

Xenophobia, a form of discrimination practiced in countries, particularly in South Africa, is one of the major challenges confronting the modern day society. This paper examines xenophobia as a menace showing at the same time that this discriminatory practice  bifurcates societies by creating a dichotomy amidst the various occupants of the  society, thereby giving room for “otherness” rather than “orderliness”. The paper also highlights the philosophical implications of this societal bifurcation, particularly to the human community. Seeking a plausible way of addressing this challenge, the paper concludes by emphasizing the relevance of the value of tolerance in curbing xenophobia.Keywords: Xenophobia, Social discrimination, Tolerance, order and other, Africa.
Reparation, slavery and political realism: The challenge of contemporary African leadership
Authors: Oyekan Adeolu Oluwaseyi
Published: September 2016

In spite of some revisionist attempts to rationalise slavery as just another form of trade between interested parties, there is an overwhelming conviction that it represented an age of man’s highest inhumanity to fellow man. Accordingly, calls have been loud and persistent as to the need for reparation which though will never compensate for actual loss, nevertheless has the possibility of symbolising  penitence and serve as cushion for some of the debilitating damages done. This paper examines the moral basis of the call for reparation. In agreeing with the moral validity of the claims, the paper probes further in a realistic manner and argue  that African states in their present situation cannot make a serious case for reparation. The paper argues further that for African states to position themselves for genuine reparation struggles in this age of political realism, urgent steps must be taken to  ensure the useful and productive deployment of available resources in Africa and remove the continent from its appendage status with the west. The paper concludes that only when African states are able to break the cycle of poverty and  underdevelopment, freeing themselves from external manipulations can a credible and rewarding case for reparation be made.Keywords: Reparation, Slavery, Realism, Africa, Leadership
An essay concerning the foundational myth of ethnophilosophy
Authors: Attoe Aribiah David
Published: September 2016

Ethnophilosophy, although glorified by some African philosophers, remains a problem in our undertakings in African philosophy. In its infancy, the problem revolved around the call for a total decolonization of African thought and philosophy, which eventually led to the proliferation of a vast array of mostly descriptive  literature about the cultural views and practices of the African, sold to us as not only philosophy but genuine African philosophy. In more recent times, due to the growing development of African philosophy, this drive towards description is gradually waning and from its dying flames, a new and more subtle problem has arisen. This problem lays in the call by most African philosophers, to make philosophy done in Africa to be more African in nature, the methodology and/or logic of African  philosophy becomes a narrow discourse which is based on the dogma of descriptive story telling of ethnophilosophy. This is the problem which this essay seeks to  address. Thus I shall in this essay, expose the myth of ethnophilosophy and  thereafter suggest that African philosophy builds its foundation on criticality rather than ethnophilosophy. As an addendum to this, it is also suggested here that the narrow nature of the false descriptive methodology of mainstream African philosophy (which is based on the more subtle implications of ethnophilosophy) be at the very least, de-emphasised. I shall employ conversationalism as the method of my inquiry.Keywords: Ethnophilosophy, myth, African philosophy, conversationalism, conversational school
La biblioteca de un arquitecto modernista
Authors: Amado Lorenzo Antonio
Published: September 2016

El Modernismo arquitectónico de principios del siglo XX, en países como España y en particular en ciudades periféricas como A Coruña estuvo claramente influido por la Sezession vienesa. Las figura de Otto Wagner y en particular la influencia de las publicaciones especializadas sobre su obra y la de sus discípulos en las escuelas de Arquitectura de Madrid y Barcelona fueron fundamentales para este fenómeno. El análisis de la biblioteca de un arquitecto como Julio Galán que proyectó varias de las obras de arquitectura más importantes de la ciudad, confirma dichas influencias.
La iconografía del Monasterio de El Escorial: Tradición e innovación en cuatro siglos de imágenes impresas
Authors: Chías Navarro Pilar
Published: September 2016

Durante más de cuatro siglos el Real Monasterio de San Lorenzo de El Escorial ha sido objeto de una atención preferente entre los monumentos españoles. Este interés se ha traducido en un gran número de imágenes gráficas y de reflexiones escritas, frecuentemente poco conocidas. La presente investigación se centra en la transmisión impresa de las imágenes del monasterio y de lo que ha representado a lo largo de más de cuatro siglos, tanto en el plano objetivo como en el subjetivo. Imágenes que se han transmitido en láminas sueltas, en atlas facticios y en libros escritos en varios idiomas con fines diversos, que hoy están dispersos en las principales bibliotecas y archivos del mundo. En muchos casos es posible identificar los referentes iconográficos de las imágenes que fueron simplemente copiadas o interpretadas, pero en otras la innovación es evidente. Estilos y tendencias, medios y técnicas de impresión, objetividad y subjetividad componen tan rico y variado patrimonio iconográfico.
Los dibujos de José Borobio en el periódico de arquitectura ANTA
Authors: Bernal López-San Vicente Amparo
Published: September 2016

La dimensión artística del arquitecto zaragozano Jose Borobio Ojeda (1907-1984) es una parte esencial de su vida que articula su trayectoria personal y profesional. El conjunto de su obra gráfica ha sido analizada y difundida en diferentes exposiciones y publicaciones. En este artículo centramos el estudio en los apuntes de arquitectura realizados durante un viaje de estudios al Albarracín organizado por Teodoro de Anasagasti en 1930. Dos años después, Anasagasti seleccionaría esos apuntes para ilustrar el periódico decenal de arquitectura Anta que él mismo editaba. La expresividad del trazo lineal característico de sus dibujos le convirtió en un protagonista del discurso gráfico del periódico.
La lectura de Jorge Oteiza de «Saber ver la Arquitectura» a través de sus reflexiones dibujadas: influencia en sus trabajos arquitectónicos
Authors: López-Bahut Emma
Published: September 2016

En el año 1953 Jorge Oteiza lee el libro Saber ver la Arquitectura de Bruno Zevi, dibujando y anotando reflexiones en su ejemplar, conservado en su biblioteca personal. Esta lectura le influye directamente en sus trabajos que estaba realizando en la arquitectura, bien en el interior, como en la Cámara de Comercio de Córdoba, o bien en la fachada exterior, como en la Basílica de Aránzazu. A partir de su análisis, se establece que esta lectura es uno de los punto clave en la evolución de la relación del escultor con la arquitectura, que le lleva a la compresión del espacio como material común, permitiéndole avanzar en ambas disciplinas.
Una casa para Juan Navarro Baldeweg
Authors: Martínez-Díaz José Enrique , Hidalgo Delgado Francisco
Published: September 2016

Establecer las relaciones entre el mundo de las inquietudes plásticas proyectuales y las formas arquitectónicas definidas materialmente, es una labor de paso que surge en muchos arquitectos y entre ellos en la figura de Juan Navarro Baldeweg. Los mecanismos implícitos que se esconden en la naturaleza que nos rodea y en las formas físicas que mueven nuestros impulsos creativos, se originan a priori de la misma manera para todas las ramas del arte creando ese vínculo entre ellas.

Este artículo intenta conseguir, bajo la figura del arquitecto, escultor, pintor y escritor, Juan Navarro Baldeweg, y su proyecto de “Una casa para una intersección”, esa concepción de la obra artística donde todas las artes se relacionan y entrelazan en los primeros compases de su génesis, desde el nacimiento propio de una idea, hasta su resultado final, materializada por medio de la mano en las primeras aproximaciones cuasi fisiológicas e influenciadas por las energías que le son afines.
Nueva York: relatos gráficos
Authors: Barros Costa Hugo
Published: September 2016

En el curso 2015/16 realicé una estancia, como profesor visitante, en la Escuela Parsons The New School, en Nueva York. Esta se centró en la investigación, la comunicación y la representación del Espacio Urbano y Paisaje. Pretendí registrar mi vivencia y relación emotiva con determinados espacios de esta ciudad, siendo que los barrios periféricos se proponían como alternativa a Manhattan. Intentar “ver”, a través del dibujo, esta excitante urbe, desde Long Island Beach al Bronx, fue una experiencia tan intensa como visualmente enriquecedora. Contemplar y posteriormente (o simultáneamente) expresar gráficamente el dinamismo, la atmósfera, las luces y las formas que sentí bajo las vigas metálicas de ciertas líneas de tren en Broadway, en el corazón de Brooklyn, fue tan desafiante como intenso y emocionante. De los cerca de 300 dibujos producidos, se seleccionó una pequeña muestra, que ilustra los diferentes temas, soportes, escalas y técnicas manipulados.
Las litografías de Louis Lozowick y su influencia en Louis Kahn
Authors: Montes Serrano Carlos , Galván Desvaux Noelia
Published: September 2016

Las pinturas y dibujos del arquitecto Louis Kahn fueron catalogados en el libro de Jan Hochstim (1991), permitiendo a los interesados por la obra gráfica de Kahn estudiarlos en mayor profundidad en posteriores publicaciones. En este ensayo pretendemos mostrar la posible influencia en algunos dibujos de Kahn de las litografías de Louis Lozowick, un artista muy celebrado a comienzos de los años treinta por sus dibujos de la American Scene.
Metodología para la reconstrucción virtual interactiva en modo videojuego del patrimonio cultural. Aplicación al castillo medieval de Torreparedones (Baena)
Authors: Porcuna Bermúdez Diego , Córdoba de la Llave Ricardo , Sanz Cabrera Jerónimo , Montes Tubío Francisco de Paula
Published: September 2016

Los avances en la potencia gráfica de los ordenadores, incrementan el realismo de las representaciones virtuales 3D y la calidad de los detalles, permitiendo realizar estudios muy precisos de la tipología y métodos constructivos. Esto ha permitido poder situar las imágenes y animaciones gráficas en un escenario virtual, en el que observador y patrimonio se relacionen de forma interactiva con total libertad de movimientos. Las evidencias arqueológicas de época medieval en el yacimiento de Torreparedones, identifican un castillo y un recinto de servicios auxiliares. A través del software de los motores de juego, usados comúnmente para el ocio y entretenimiento y los informes arqueológicos se pretende construir un escenario dinámico con elementos del patrimonio cultural del Castillo de Torreparedones de Baena, que permitirá analizar de forma interactiva la hipótesis reconstructiva de la realidad obtenida del estudio, haciendo del observador protagonista de la navegación entre los elementos patrimoniales representados.
Conversando con... Jean Nouvel
Authors: Gilabert Sanz Salvador , Cabodevilla-Artieda Ignacio
Published: September 2016

Jean Nouvel obtuvo el Premio Pritzker de arquitectura en 2008, un reconocimiento a su trayectoria como arquitecto, dentro del grupo de los que podríamos denominar Star Arquitects. En el año 1966 consiguió la primera plaza en el examen de acceso para asistir a la escuela de Bellas Artes, École de Beaux-Arts, en Paris donde se licenció en arquitectura en 1972. Ya antes de acabar sus estudios colaboraba con Claude Parent, y alentado por las inclinaciones antisistema de su mentor y las lecturas de los textos y ensayos del urbanista Paul Virilio, fue forjando su propio pensamiento crítico. Esta manera personal de ver las cosas le llevó a ser uno de los miembros fundadores del Movimiento Mars 1976, cuyo objetivo era oponerse al corporativismo de los arquitectos, siendo posteriormente uno de los fundadores del Sindicato de la Arquitectura. Sus firmes posiciones y opiniones, un tanto provocativas, sobre la arquitectura contemporánea en el contexto urbano, junto con su manera de reinventarse a sí mismo en los proyectos que ha emprendido han forjado su imagen internacional. Sus obras han obtenido el reconocimiento en todo el mundo a través de numerosos premios, franceses e internacionales, de gran prestigio. En 1989, el Instituto del Mundo Árabe de París fue galardonado con el Premio Aga-Khan, por su papel como “un puente exitoso entre las culturas francesa y árabes”. En 2000, Jean Nouvel recibió el León de Oro de la Bienal de Venecia, y en 2001, tres de los más importantes premios internacionales: la Real Medalla de Oro del Instituto Real de Arquitectos Británicos (RIBA), el Premium Imperial de la Asociación de Bellas Artes de Japón y el Premio Borromini por el Centro de Cultura y Congresos en Lucerna. Fue nombrado Doctor Honoris Causa por el Royal College of Art de Londres en 2002. Tres años más tarde, recibió el premio anual de la Fundación Wolf en Israel “por proporcionar un nuevo modelo de contextualismo y la redefinición de la dialéctica entre las dos características más destacadas de la arquitectura contemporánea: concreción y efímero”. La Torre Agbar de Barcelona recibió el Premio Internacional Highrise 2006, “ya que hace una contribución excepcional al debate actual sobre los rascacielos”. En 2008 recibió el ya nombrado Pritzker Prize, y en Francia, ha sido galardonado con numerosos premios incluyendo la Medalla de Oro de la Academia Francesa de Arquitectura, dos Equerres d’Argent y el Gran Premio Nacional de Arquitectura.
La arquitectura desplegable conmemora los XXV años de paz. 50 Aniversario del Pabellón de Emilio Pérez Piñero
Authors: Pérez Belda Emilio A. , Pérez Almagro M. Carmen
Published: September 2016

Emilio Pérez Piñero realiza un pabellón transportable para exposiciones basado en una estructura reticular desplegable plana fabricada en aluminio. La cubierta de 8.000 m2 alberga la exposición conmemorativa España 64. Con este hito estructural el gobierno de la época pretendía dar a conocer los logros conseguidos desde el final de la Guerra Civil española, en el marco conmemorativo de los XXV Años de Paz. El Ministerio de Información y Turismo fue el promotor de este encargo que estuvo instalado en Madrid, San Sebastián y Barcelona.
Concepto y representación espacial en la arquitectura expositiva del movimiento moderno. Reflexiones sobre la retícula, el vacío y la transparencia
Authors: Layuno Rosas Ángeles
Published: September 2016

La concepción del espacio expositivo moderno fue consecuencia de la simbiosis de los avances técnicos y los cambios en el pensamiento científico y filosófico que presidieron las investigaciones de la arquitectura y el arte de vanguardia. Sobre estas premisas, se analizan los proyectos y propuestas teóricas de arquitectos como Mies van der Rohe y Lina Bo Bardi, con el objetivo de indagar en el contenido ideológico y estético de los principios de la tradición expositiva del Movimiento Moderno. En este sentido, los diversos documentos gráficos resultan de máxima relevancia como medios que contribuyen a reconstruir una historia expositiva sobre el papel, o transformada con el tiempo.
A numerical study of back-building process in a quasistationary rainband
with extreme rainfall over northern Taiwan during 11–12 June 2012
Authors: Wang Chung-Chieh , Chiou Bing-Kui , Chen George Tai-Jen , Kuo Hung-Chi , Liu Ching-Hwang
Published: September 2016

Abstract. During 11–12 June 2012, quasistationary linear mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) developed near northern Taiwan and produced extreme rainfall up to 510 mm and severe flooding in Taipei. In the midst of background forcing of low-level convergence, the back-building (BB) process in these MCSs contributed to the extreme rainfall and thus is investigated using a cloud-resolving model in the case study here. Specifically, as the cold pool mechanism is not responsible for the triggering of new BB cells in this subtropical event during the meiyu season, we seek answers to the question why the location about 15–30 km upstream from the old cell is still often more favorable for new cell initiation than other places in the MCS. With a horizontal grid size of 1.5 km, the linear MCS and the BB process in this case are successfully reproduced, and the latter is found to be influenced more by the thermodynamic and less by dynamic effects based on a detailed analysis of convective-scale pressure perturbations. During initiation in a background with convective instability and near-surface convergence, new cells are associated with positive (negative) buoyancy below (above) due to latent heating (adiabatic cooling), which represents a gradual destabilization. At the beginning, the new development is close to the old convection, which provides stronger warming below and additional cooling at mid-levels from evaporation of condensates in the downdraft at the rear flank, thus yielding a more rapid destabilization. This enhanced upward decrease in buoyancy at low levels eventually creates an upward perturbation pressure gradient force to drive further development along with the positive buoyancy itself. After the new cell has gained sufficient strength, the old cell's rear-flank downdraft also acts to separate the new cell to about 20 km upstream. Therefore, the advantages of the location in the BB process can be explained even without the lifting at the leading edge of the cold outflow.
Nighttime Mesospheric Ozone During the 2002 Southern Hemispheric Major Stratospheric Warming
Authors: Smith-Johnsen Christine , Orsolini Yvan , Stordal Frode , Limpasuvan Varavut , Pérot Kristell
Published: September 2016

Abstract. A Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) affects the chemistry and dynamics of the middle atmosphere. The major warmings occur roughly every second year in the Northern Hemispheric (NH) winter, but has only been observed once in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), during the Antarctic winter of 2002. Using the National Center for Atmospheric Research's (NCAR) Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with specified dynamics (WACCM-SD), this study investigates the effects of this rare warming event on the ozone layer located around the SH mesopause. This secondary ozone layer changes with respect to hydrogen, oxygen, temperature, and the altered SH polar circulation during the major SSW. The 2002 SH winter was characterized by three zonal-mean zonal wind reductions in the upper stratosphere before a fourth wind reversal reaches the lower stratosphere, marking the onset of the major SSW. At the time of these four wind reversals, a corresponding episodic increase can be seen in the modeled nighttime ozone concentration in the secondary ozone layer. Observations by the Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS, an instrument on board the satellite Envisat) demonstrate similar ozone enhancement as in the model. This ozone increase is attributable largely to enhanced upwelling and the associated cooling of the altitude region in conjunction with the wind reversal. Unlike its NH counterpart, the secondary ozone layer during the SH major SSW appeared to be impacted more by the effects of atomic oxygen than hydrogen.
Differences in cloud microphysical properties between MODIS
Collections 5.1 and 6
Authors: Rausch John , Meyer Kerry , Bennartz Ralf , Platnick Steven
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Differences in cloud effective radius and cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) estimates inferred from the Aqua MODIS Collections 5.1 and 6 cloud products (MYD06) are examined for warm clouds over global oceans for the year 2008. Individual pixel level retrievals for both collections are aggregated to 1°×1° and compared globally and regionally for the three main spectral channel pairs used for MODIS cloud optical property retrievals. Comparisons between both collections are performed for cases in which all channel pairs are successfully retrieved for each pixel and for cases where one or more channel pairs are successful. The contribution to the observed differences of several key MYD06 Collection 6 algorithm updates are also explored. Global results show a neutral to positive (> 50 cm−3) change for C6-derived CDNC relative to C5.1 for the 1.6 and 2.1 μm channel retrievals corresponding to a neutral to −2 μm difference in droplet effective radius. For 3.7 μm retrievals, CDNC results show a negative change in the tropics, with differences transitioning towards positive values with increasing latitude spanning (−25 to +50 cm−3) related to a (+2.5 to −1 μm) transition in effective radius. Regionally, the magnitude and behavior of the annual CDNC cycle are compared for each retrieval channel pair. Results from this study indicate significant intercollection differences in aggregated values of microphysical parameters which may have implications for existing MODIS derived climatologies and validation studies.
Comparison of GPS tropospheric delays derived from two consecutive EPN reprocessing campaigns from the point of view of climate monitoring
Authors: Baldysz Zofia , Nykiel Grzegorz , Araszkiewicz Andrzej , Figurski Mariusz , Szafranek Karolina
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The main purpose of this research was to acquire information about consistency of ZTD (zenith total delay) linear trends and seasonal components between two consecutive GPS reprocessing campaigns. The analysis concerned two sets of the ZTD time series which were estimated during EUREF (Reference Frame Sub-Commission for Europe) EPN (Permanent Network) reprocessing campaigns according to 2008 and 2015 MUT AC (Military University of Technology Analysis Centre) scenarios. Firstly, Lomb–Scargle periodograms were generated for 57 EPN stations to obtain a characterisation of oscillations occurring in the ZTD time series. Then, the values of seasonal components and linear trends were estimated using the LSE (least squares estimation) approach. The Mann–Kendall trend test was also carried out to verify the presence of linear long-term ZTD changes. Finally, differences in seasonal signals and linear trends between these two data sets were investigated. All these analyses were conducted for the ZTD time series of two lengths: a shortened 16-year series and a full 18-year one. In the case of spectral analysis, amplitudes of the annual and semi-annual periods were almost exactly the same for both reprocessing campaigns. Exceptions were found for only a few stations and they did not exceed 1 mm. The estimated trends were also similar. However, for the reprocessing performed in 2008, the trends values were usually higher. In general, shortening of the analysed time period by 2 years resulted in a decrease of the linear trends values of about 0.07 mm yr−1. This was confirmed by analyses based on two data sets.
Large-scale coordinated observations of Pc5 pulsation
events
Authors: Mtumela Zolile , Walker Anthony D. M. , Stephenson Judy A. E. , Kosch Michael J.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. HF (high-frequency) radars belonging to SuperDARN (Super Dual Auroral Radar Network) receive backscatter over substantial fields of view which, when combined, allow for simultaneous returns over extensive regions of the polar caps and midlatitudes. This makes them ideal instruments for the observation of pulsations in the Pc5 (1–5 mHz) frequency band. Relatively few pulsation events observed by multiple radars have been reported in the literature. Here we describe observations of three such events which extend over more than 120° of magnetic longitude in the Northern Hemisphere and one of which is also detected in the Southern Hemisphere. All three events show characteristics of field line resonances. In one case the pulsation has also been observed by magnetometers under or near the radar fields of view. The extensive longitudinal coverage allows accurate determination of azimuthal wave numbers. These are at the upper end of the lower values associated with external sources such as those in the solar wind. Such sources imply antisunward flow. However, the azimuthal wave number is negative, implying westward propagation at magnetic local times on both sides of noon, as would be expected from drift–bounce resonance with positive particles. Quiet conditions and a very low ring current during the events argue against this. The identification of the source of pulsations from a number of different mechanisms remains a problem of interest.
Variability in runoff fluxes of dissolved and particulate carbon and
nitrogen from two watersheds of different tree species during intense storm
events
Authors: Lee Mi-Hee , Payeur-Poirier Jean-Lionel , Park Ji-Hyung , Matzner Egbert
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Heavy storm events may increase the amount of organic matter in runoff from forested watersheds as well as the relation of dissolved to particulate organic matter. This study evaluated the effects of monsoon storm events on the runoff fluxes and on the composition of dissolved (< 0.45 µm) and particulate (0.7 µm to 1 mm) organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC, DON, POC, PON) in a mixed coniferous/deciduous (mixed watershed) and a deciduous forested watershed (deciduous watershed) in South Korea. During storm events, DOC concentrations in runoff increased with discharge, while DON concentrations remained almost constant. DOC, DON and NO3–N fluxes in runoff increased linearly with discharge pointing to changing flow paths from deeper to upper soil layers at high discharge, whereas nonlinear responses of POC and PON fluxes were observed likely due to the origin of particulate matter from the erosion of mineral soil along the stream benches. The integrated C and N fluxes in runoff over the 2-month study period were in the order of DOC > POC and NO3–N > DON > PON. The integrated DOC fluxes in runoff during the study period were much larger at the deciduous watershed (16 kg C ha−1) than at the mixed watershed (7 kg C ha−1), while the integrated NO3–N fluxes were higher at the mixed watershed (5.2 kg N ha−1) than at the deciduous watershed (2.9 kg N ha−1). The latter suggests a larger N uptake by deciduous trees. Integrated fluxes of POC and PON were similar at both watersheds. The composition of organic matter in soils and runoff indicates that the contribution of near-surface flow to runoff was larger at the deciduous than at the mixed watershed. Our results demonstrate different responses of particulate and dissolved C and N in runoff to storm events as a combined effect of tree species composition and watershed specific flow paths.
Gimdos kūno ir kaklelio vėžio pacienčių, gydytų suderinta fotonų ir neutronų radioterapija nuo vietiškai išplitusio vėžio, ilgalaikio stebėjimo rezultatai
Authors: Samerdokienė Vitalija , Valuckas Konstantinas Povilas , Janulionis Ernestas , Atkočius Vydmantas
Published: September 2016

Jonizuojančioji spinduliuotė, naudojama piktybinių navikų gydymui, laikui bėgant gali sukelti antruosius pirminius piktybinius navikus (APPN). Tyrimo metu buvo vertinamas APPN paplitimas tarp 1143 spinduline terapija (ST) 1989–1999 metų laikotarpiu gydytų IIB ir IIIB stadijos gimdos kaklelio ir I-III stadijos gimdos kūno vėžiu sergančių pacienčių. Viena grupė pacienčių (N=538) buvo gydyta distancine 60Co gama terapija ir didelės dozės galios (DDG) fotonų 60Co brachiterapija, o kita grupė (N=605) – distancine 60Co gama terapija ir DDG neutronų 252Cf brachiterapija. Yra pakankamai literatūros duomenų, rodančių APPN dažnį, nustatytą po distancinės 60Co gama terapijos taikymo, APPN lokalizacijas ir organo apšvitos dozę. Apie APPN dažnį, nustatytą po neutronų 252Cf brachiterapijos, gydant gimdos kūno ir kaklelio vietiškai išplitusį vėžį, literatūros nebuvo rasta. Mūsų tyrimas 25 metus stebint onkologines pacientes, gavusias DDG fotonų 60Co arba neutronų 252Cf brachiterapiją, parodė, kad tarp visų stebėtų 1143 pacienčių buvo diagnozuoti 83 (7,26 proc.) APPN atvejai. 46 (4,02 proc.) APPN atvejai nustatyti pacienčių, gavusių neutronų 252Cf brachiterapiją ir 37 atvejai (3,24 proc.) – gavusių fotonų 60Co brachiterapiją (nėra statistiškai reikšmingo skirtumo: p=0,554). APPN dažniai tarp Lietuvos pacienčių, gavusių neutronų 252Cf brachiterapiją ir gavusių fotonų 60Co brachiterapiją, nesiskyrė nuo kitų šalių tyrėjų publikacijose pateiktų APPN dažnių. Vietiškai išplitusio vėžio pacienčių išgyvenamumas II B stadijos pacientėms buvo toks pat abiejose (fotonų 60Co, ir neutronų 252Cf) brachiterapijos grupėse (p=0,737). III B stadijos pacientėms nustatytas statistiškai reikšmingai geresnis išgyvenamumas neutronų 252Cf brachiterapijos grupėje (skirtumas 10–12 proc.: p=0,004). Didžiausi APPN dažniai buvo stebėti tarp didelę ir mažą apšvitos dozę gavusių kūno anatominių sričių. Vidutinę apšvitos dozę gavusiose srityse APPN buvo stebėti rečiausiai. Neutronų 252Cf brachiterapija gydytoms pacientėms buvo rasta statistiškai reikšmingai mažiau navikų recidyvų. Remiantis gautais rezultatais išspausdinti trys straipsniai aukšto reitingo tarptautiniuose (ISI) žurnaluose (du – Q1 ir vienas Q2 lygio).
Rizikos veiksniai, lemiantys ilgalaikį transplantuoto inksto išgyvenimą: LSMU Kauno klinikų 13 metų inkstų transplantacijos patirtis
Authors: Dalinkevičienė Eglė , Kuzminskis Vytautas , Bumblytė Inga Arūnė
Published: September 2016

Augant inksto transplantacijų skaičiui ir siekiant pagerinti transplantacijos baigtis, ieškoma veiksnių, kurie galėtų sąlygoti ilgalaikį transplantuoto inksto išgyvenimą. Tiek donoro, tiek recipiento veiksniai, tiek jų sąveika gali nulemti transplantacijos baigtis. Šiuo retrospektyviu tyrimu siekėme išanalizuoti mūsų centro transplantuotų pacientų populiacijos rezultatus bei įvertinti rizikos veiksnius, susijusius su blogesniu transplantuoto inksto išgyvenimu. Išanalizuoti 277 inksto recipientų duomenys, kuriems inksto persodinimo operacija atlikta 2000 - 2013 metais Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto Kauno klinikose (LSMUKK). Demografiniai ir klinikiniai duomenys palyginti su pirmųjų dešimties metų inkstų transplantacijų LSMUKK rezultatais, kurie jau buvo publikuoti [1]. Iš visos transplantuotų pacientų populiacijos atrinkti pacientai, kurie išvyko iš stacionaro su veikiančiu inkstu ir pagal transplantuoto inksto išgyvenimą suskirstyti į dvi grupes: I grupė – recipientai, kurių inkstas veikė ≥ 5 metus (n=100); II grupė – recipientai, kurių inkstas veikė < 5 metus (n=25). Bendras visos LSMUKK transplantuotų populiacijos (n=277) inksto išgyvenimas po 1, 3, 5, 7 ir 10 m. - 86,6 proc., 79,5 proc., 72,4 proc., 66,1 proc. ir 58,3 proc., atitinkamai, o neįtraukus mirusių su veikiančiu transplantuotu inkstu - po 1, 3, 5, 7 ir 10 m. - 89,6 proc., 85,6 proc., 80,4 proc., 78,7 proc., 76,0 proc. atitinkamai. Lyginant grupes vienveiksnės logistinės analizės būdu nustatyti faktoriai, sąlygojantys blogesnį ilgalaikį transplantuoto inksto išgyvenimą - donoro amžius, recipiento hipertenzijos anamnezė, didesnis nesutapimų pagal HLA sistemą skaičius bei pavėluota transplantuoto inksto funkcija, t.y. dializės poreikis po transplantacijos. Sudarytas daugiaveiksnės logistinės analizės modelis, kuriuo remiantis nustatyta, kad statistiškai reikšmingai trumpesnis nei 5 m. transplantuoto inksto išgyvenimas tikėtinas esant vyresniam nei 40 m. amžiaus donorui (ŠS 3,387, p=0,021), pavėluotai transplantuoto inksto funkcijai (ŠS 3,426, p=0,015) ir didesniam nei 3 nesutapimų skaičiui pagal HLA sistemą (ŠS 2,919, p=0,036). Mūsų tyrimas parodė, kad jaunesnis donoro amžius, gera ankstyva transplantuoto inksto funkcija bei tikslesnis imunologinis sutapimas yra svarbūs veiksniai transplantuoto inksto ilgalaikiam išgyvenimui. Visa tai nurodo, kad kruopšti donorų atranka, pooperacinė priežiūra ir imunosupresinio gydymo protokolų individualizavimas yra svarbus transplantacijos procese.
GENETIC CAUSES OF RECURRENT MISCARRIAGES
Authors: Taulavičiūtė Gintarė , Česaitytė Karina , Jokšas Augustinas , Serapinienė Anna , Serapinas Danielius
Published: September 2016

Recurrent miscarriage is a disease distinct from infertility, defined by three or more consecutive pregnancy losses. There are a lot of causes which can be related with repetitive pregnancy losses. Miscarriages is a serious medical condition which affects about 15-20% of couples trying to get pregnant. Most of them (about 50%) are unknown and genetic factors compose 1-5% causes of repetitive miscarriages. For this reason it is important to find out genetic causes of recurrent spontaneous abortions. In this review we will analyze several cases including cytogenetic abnormalities and polymorphisms of genes.
Keeping Internet Users in the Know or in the Dark: An Analysis of the Data Privacy Transparency of Canadian Internet Carriers
Authors: Clement Andrew , Obar Jonathan A.
Published: September 2016

In the wake of Snowden's revelations about National Security Agency (NSA) surveillance, demands that Internet carriers be more forthcoming about their handling of personal information have intensified. Responding to this concern, this report evaluates the data privacy transparency of forty-three Internet carriers serving the Canadian public. Carriers are awarded up to ten stars based on the public availability of information satisfying ten transparency criteria. Carriers earn few stars overall, just 92.5 out of 430, an average of two of ten possible stars. A variety of policy recommendations are provided to encourage and guide further data privacy transparency efforts in Canada as well as around the world.
A “Light Meal” Three Hours Preoperatively Decreases the Incidence of Gastro-Esophageal Reflux in Dogs
Authors: Savvas Ioannis , Raptopoulos Dimitrios , Rallis Timoleon
Published: September 2016

Emerging evidence from veterinary and medical clinical research shows that reducing preoperative fasting time may reduce the incidence of gastro-esophageal reflux (GER) intraoperatively. In order to evaluate the effect of two different preoperative fasting times on the incidence of GER during general anesthesia, 120 dogs were randomly assigned to two groups: administration of canned food 3 h before premedication (group C3, n = 60) and administration of canned food 10 h before premedication (group C10, n = 60). The animals were premedicated with propionyl-promazine. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium and maintained with halothane. A pH electrode was introduced into the esophagus, and the esophageal pH was constantly monitored. Esophageal pH of less than 4 or greater than 7.5 was taken as an indication of GER. Three of the 60 dogs of group C3 and 12 of the 60 dogs of group C10 experienced a GER episode, the difference being statistically significant (P = .025). Feeding the dog 3 h before anesthesia at a half daily rate reduces significantly the incidence of GER during anesthesia, compared to the administration of the same amount and type of food 10 h before anesthesia. The administration of a half daily dose of an ordinary canine diet may be useful in clinical practice.
Fatal Oleander Toxicosis in Two Miniature Horses
Authors: Butler Jarrod , Khan Safdar , Scarzella Gina
Published: September 2016

Two young American miniature horses from the same farm were evaluated by a veterinarian due to presence of lethargy, anorexia, and cardiac arrhythmias. Both horses were treated aggressively with IV fluids and other supportive measures. The first horse died approximately 72 hr after the start of clinical signs and the second horse was humanely euthanized due to poor response to treatment. Oleander toxicosis was suspected based on the types of clinical signs present and due to several oleander plants and dried leaves present on the property. Oleander toxicosis was confirmed by the presence of oleandrin in gastrointestinal contents and digoxin in the serum of second horse.
Border Collie Collapse: Owner Survey Results and Veterinary Description of Videotaped Episodes
Authors: Taylor Susan , Minor Katie , Shmon Cindy L. , Shelton G. Diane , Patterson Edward E. , Mickelson James R.
Published: September 2016

Completed surveys were obtained from owners of 165 border collies experiencing repeated episodes of abnormal gait or collapse during strenuous exercise. Unremarkable veterinary evaluation and lack of disease progression over time made common systemic, cardiac, and neurologic causes of exercise intolerance unlikely. Survey questions addressed signalment, age of onset, description of episodes, and owner perception of factors associated with collapse. Most dogs were young adults (median 2 yr) when episodes began, and they had experienced from 2 to more than 100 episodes (median 6) prior to their owners completing the survey. Retrieving was the activity most commonly associated with episodes (112/165 dogs, 68%), followed by herding stock (39/165 dogs, 24%). Owners reported that high environmental temperatures (111/165 dogs, 67%) and excitement (67/165 dogs, 41%) increased the likelihood of their dog having an episode during strenuous activity. Veterinary evaluation of videotapes of presumed border collie collapse (BCC) episodes (40 dogs) were used to provide a description of the typical features of BCC episodes. Altered mentation, symmetrical ataxia affecting all four limbs, increased pelvic limb extensor tone and toe scuffing or knuckling, truncal swaying, and falling to the side were common features, suggesting that BCC may be an episodic diffuse central nervous system disorder.