bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects and biological limitations of +Gz acceleration on the autonomic functions-related circulation in rats
Authors: Nishida Yasuhiro , Maruyama Satoshi , Shouji Ichiro , Kemuriyama Takehito , Tashiro Akimasa , Ohta Hiroyuki , Hagisawa Kohsue , Hiruma Megumi , Yokoe Hidetake
Published: June 2016

The effects of gravitational loading (G load) on humans have been studied ever since the early 20th century. After the dangers of G load in the vertical head-to-leg direction (+Gz load) became evident, many animal experiments were performed between 1920 and 1945 in an effort to identify the origins of high G-force-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC), which led to development of the anti-G suit. The establishment of norms and training for G-LOC prevention resulted in a gradual decline in reports of animal experiments on G load, a decline that steepened with the establishment of anti-G techniques in humans, such as special breathing methods and skeletal muscle contraction, called an anti-G straining maneuver, which are voluntary physiological functions. Because the issue involves humans during flight, the effects on humans themselves are clearly of great importance, but ethical considerations largely preclude any research on the human body that probes to any depth the endogenous physiological states and functions. The decline in reports on animal experiments may therefore signify a general decline in research into the changes seen in the various involuntary, autonomic functions. The declining number of related reports on investigations of physiological autonomic systems other than the circulatory system seems to bear this out. In this review, we therefore describe our findings on the effects of G load on the autonomic nervous system, cardiac function, cerebral blood flow, tissue oxygen level, and other physiological autonomic functions as measured in animal experiments, including denervation or pharmacological blocking, in an effort to present the limits and the mechanisms of G-load response extending physiologically. We demonstrate previously unrecognized risks due to G load, and also describe fundamental research aimed at countering these effects and development of a scientific training measure devised for actively enhancing +Gz tolerance in involuntary, autonomic system functions. The research described here is rough and incomplete, but it is offered as a beginning, in the hope that researchers may find it of reference and carry the effort toward completion. The advances described here include (1) a finding that cerebral arterial perfusion pressure decreases to nearly zero under +5.0 Gz loads, (2) indications that G load may cause myocardial microinjuries, (3) detection of differences between cerebral regions in tissue-oxygen level under +3.0 Gz load, (4) discovery that hypotension is deeper under decreasing +Gz loads than increasing +Gz loads with use of an anti-G system, due in part to suppression of baroreceptor reflex, and (5) revelations and efforts investigating new measures to reduce cerebral hypotension, namely the “teeth-clenching pressor response” and preconditioning with slight but repeated G loads.
Undergraduate Training in Human Sexuality—Evaluation of the Impact on Medical Doctors' Practice Ten Years After Graduation
Authors: Clegg Mary , Pye Joanne , Wylie Kevan R.
Published: June 2016

Introduction

It has been suggested that an indicator of a doctor's ability to assess patients' sexual function relates to the level of earlier training. The amount and quality of training the doctor receives at the undergraduate level and beyond could contribute to the doctor's confidence and competence.

Aims

To evaluate whether doctors found that the teaching in human sexuality received at medical school was sufficient for their future practice and whether their chosen medical specialty and exposure to issues related to sexual health affected this opinion.

Methods

One hundred seventy doctors maintaining contact with the University of Sheffield Medical School Alumni Office after qualifying in 2004 were sent self-completion postal questionnaires. Space was allocated for supplementary comments to their answers.

Main Outcome Measures

Self-completion postal questionnaire.

Results

Although the response rate was low, there appeared to be an impact of the teaching of human sexuality on the clinical practice of doctors. More than two-thirds of respondents rated the teaching as useful and more than 70% felt more confident in diagnosing and managing male and female sexual issues.

Conclusion

The results show a link between the undergraduate teaching of sexual medicine and education and a subsequent proactive approach to sexuality issues; unfortunately, the study does not provide any information about the level of skills or ability in this field of medicine. We have confirmed that the Sheffield model might be suitable for teaching sexual medicine issues in the United Kingdom but cannot confirm that the current format is suitable for international undergraduate audiences. Future study could include other medical schools and a comparison of sexual medicine practice among physicians who received undergraduate medical education and overall numbers could be increased to compare current practice with the number of hours of sexual medicine education as a key parameter.
Retrospective case series examining the clinical significance of subjective fetal cardiac ventricular disproportion
Authors: Gabbay‐Benziv Rinat , Cetinkaya Demir Bilge , Crimmins Sarah , Esin Sertac , Turan Ozhan M. , Turan Sifa
Published: June 2016

Objective

To evaluate fetal cardiac ventricular disproportion as a marker of cardiac anomalies.

Methods

A retrospective case series included data from all patients who had a fetus diagnosed subjectively with ventricular disproportion by routine obstetric ultrasonography between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2013 at a single tertiary center in the USA. Fetal and neonatal echocardiography, and neonatal outcome data were retrieved. Outcomes were described for all fetuses with subjective ventricular disproportion. Then, the objective right‐to‐left ventricular ratio (RLVR) was calculated as a continuous (after transformation to gestational age specific z‐scores) or categorical value (> 2SD for gestational week), based on previously published reference values. Subsequently, correlations between the objective RLVR and neonatal outcomes were evaluated.

Results

Records from 60 fetuses diagnosed with ventricular disproportion at 16–38 weeks of gestation were included. These pregnancies resulted in 54 live deliveries; postnatally, 20 (37%) of these neonates were diagnosed with aortic coarctation and 39 (72%) were diagnosed with other cardiac anomalies, with or without aortic coarctation. No significant differences in objective prenatal diagnostic findings (RLVR) were demonstrated between neonates who were diagnosed postnatally with aortic coarctation or any cardiac anomaly and those not.

Conclusion

Subjective ventricular disproportion, regardless of objective diagnosis, was associated with cardiac defects. The use of fetal and neonatal echocardiography following diagnosis of fetal ventricular disproportion appears justified.
Evaluación de reactivos de opción múltiple en medicina. Evidencia de validez de un instrumento
Authors: Rivera Jiménez Jesús , Flores Hernández Fernando , Alpuche Hernández Amilcar , Martínez González Adrián
Published: June 2016

Introducción: La adecuada elaboración de los reactivos de un examen constituye una evidencia de validez del mismo. A pesar de existir un consenso general sobre las recomendaciones en la elaboración de un buen reactivo, hay diferentes estudios publicados que reportan una alta incidencia de fallas en el apego a las mismas. Se propone un instrumento para evaluar la calidad en la elaboración de reactivos de opción múltiple y se describe el proceso de obtención de evidencias de validez.
Método: Se obtuvo evidencia de validez de un instrumento diseñado ex profeso para evaluar las características de los reactivos de opción múltiple, de acuerdo con las fuentes propuestas por los Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing, atendiendo a aquellas fuentes relacionadas con el contenido, el proceso de respuesta y la estructura interna. Se calculó el índice Kappa (por el modelo propuesto por Fleiss) y la correlación punto-biserial de Pearson para medir la concordancia en los diferentes criterios que evalúa el instrumento. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio para identificar las dimensiones del instrumento y se calculó el alfa de Cronbach como estadístico de consistencia interna.
Resultados: La concordancia entre múltiples jueces tuvo un valor mayor de 0.8 (acuerdo casi perfecto) para 12 de los 21 criterios, y de 0.19 para el nivel taxonómico. El análisis factorial definió 4 dimensiones con un KMO = 0.666, (p <  .01), una varianza total explicada de 49.979%, y un α  de Cronbach de 0.627.
Conclusión: Este instrumento puede ser aplicado para la evaluación de reactivos de opción múltiple, ya que cuenta con evidencia de validez relacionada con el contenido, el proceso de respuesta y estructura interna y los indicadores psicométricos son adecuados para su instrumentación.
La importancia del preámbulo sobre la pregunta de investigación
Authors: Ortega-Marlasca Manuel-María
Published: June 2016

Como especialista en Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria con vinculación en la educación pregrado en nuestra Facultad de Medicina, creo que se debería de haber hecho una referencia a la formación del estudiante de medicina en los centros de salud y/o en la atención primaria en general. Es algo que muchos valoramos y por lo que hemos luchado (y lo seguimos haciendo) por su presencia específica en la formación básica de todo estudiante de medicina.
Reports of the Late John Smeaton
Authors: Smeaton John
Published: June 2016

Celebrated for his construction of the Eddystone Lighthouse near Plymouth, John Smeaton (1724–92) established himself as Britain's foremost civil engineer in the eighteenth century. A founder member of the Society of Civil Engineers, he was instrumental in promoting the growth of the profession. After his death his papers were acquired by the president of the Royal Society, Sir Joseph Banks, Smeaton's friend and patron. Using these materials, a special committee decided to publish 'every paper of any consequence' written by Smeaton, as a 'fund of practical instruction' for current and future engineers. These were published in four illustrated volumes between 1812 and 1814. As a consulting engineer, Smeaton carried out surveys and reports of existing structures, as well as drawing up proposals for new designs. Volume 3 contains mainly reports relating to bridges and harbours, including work at such major ports as Aberdeen, Dover and Hull.
Elastic Stresses in Structures
Authors: Castigliano Alberto
Published: June 2016

Many of the modern methods of structural analysis based on concepts of virtual work and energy were developed and popularised in Italy in the latter half of the nineteenth century. Building on the work of Luigi Menabrea, the mathematician Carlo Alberto Castigliano (1847–84) provided the first full proof of these methods in his 1873 dissertation while based in Turin. Equally important was his popularisation of the theory in his Théorie de l'équilibre des systèmes élastiques et ses applications (1879), in which he applied his theory to a wide range of important real-world cases. The work is here reissued in its 1919 English translation, by the consulting engineer and lecturer Ewart S. Andrews. Castigliano covers the basic theory of elastic stresses, introducing useful approximations; he then moves on to the analysis of real structures, including roof trusses, arches and bridges in both iron and masonry.
Vegetation Dynamics
Authors: Eamus Derek , Huete Alfredo , Yu Qiang
Published: June 2016

Understanding ecosystem structure and function requires familiarity with the techniques, knowledge and concepts of the three disciplines of plant physiology, remote sensing and modelling. This is the first textbook to provide the fundamentals of these three domains in a single volume. It then applies cross-disciplinary insights to multiple case studies in vegetation and landscape science. A key feature of these case studies is an examination of relationships among climate, vegetation structure and vegetation function, to address fundamental research questions. This book is for advanced students and researchers who need to understand and apply knowledge from the disciplines of plant physiology, remote sensing and modelling. It allows readers to integrate and synthesise knowledge to produce a holistic understanding of the structure, function and behaviour of forests, woodlands and grasslands.
The Banach–Tarski Paradox
Authors: Tomkowicz Grzegorz , Wagon Stan
Published: June 2016

The Banach–Tarski Paradox is a most striking mathematical construction: it asserts that a solid ball can be taken apart into finitely many pieces that can be rearranged using rigid motions to form a ball twice as large. This volume explores the consequences of the paradox for measure theory and its connections with group theory, geometry, set theory, and logic. This new edition of a classic book unifies contemporary research on the paradox. It has been updated with many new proofs and results, and discussions of the many problems that remain unsolved. Among the new results presented are several unusual paradoxes in the hyperbolic plane, one of which involves the shapes of Escher's famous 'Angel and Devils' woodcut. A new chapter is devoted to a complete proof of the remarkable result that the circle can be squared using set theory, a problem that had been open for over sixty years.
A Catalogue of the Bradshaw Collection of Irish Books in the University Library Cambridge
Authors: Sayle Charles
Published: June 2016

University Librarian at Cambridge from 1867 until his death, Henry Bradshaw (1831–86) had inherited from his banker father an important library of Irish printed books and pamphlets assembled in the early nineteenth century. Having added to it, Bradshaw generously presented the collection to the University Library in 1870, and it has been expanding ever since. Published in 1916, this three-volume catalogue was compiled by the bibliographer Charles Edward Sayle (1864–1924). The works listed here, numbering more than 8,000 items and dating from the early seventeenth century through to the late nineteenth century, represent a valuable resource for students of Irish history and printing. Sayle's catalogue reveals the breadth and richness of the collection at the time of publication. Prefaced by Bradshaw's letter gifting the collection to the Library Syndicate without imposing terms, Volume 1 lists works printed in Dublin by known printers between 1602 and 1882.
Illustrations of the Viscous Theory of Glacier Motion
Authors: Forbes James D. , Tyndall John
Published: June 2016

This book brings together works published between 1846 and 1859 by the Scot James D. Forbes (1809–68) and Irishman John Tyndall (1820–93), both of whom were experienced alpinists as well as glaciologists. However, their views on the motion of glaciers were disparate, and a scientific quarrel over primacy and credit for discoveries continued even after their respective deaths. These papers include Forbes' articles on experiments on the flow of plastic bodies and analogies between lava and glacier flows, and on the plasticity of glacier ice, as well as Tyndall's observations on the physical phenomena of various Alpine glaciers, including the famous 'Mer de Glace', and a piece on the structure and motion of glaciers, co-written with Thomas Huxley. Several works by and about all three scientists (including works on Alpine travel) have also been reissued in this series.
An Account of Several Late Voyages and Discoveries to the South and North
Authors: Narborough John , Tasman Abel , Wood John , Martens Friderich
Published: June 2016

Originally published in 1694, this record of recent voyages made by Sir John Narborough, Abel Tasman, John Wood and Friderich Martens includes Tasman's account of discovering Tasmania and New Zealand in 1642. Equally engaging, Narborough's journal records his voyage to the Straits of Magellan and his interest in the lands and peoples he encountered from 1669 to 1671. Here also are Wood's thoughts on his 1676 attempt to find a north-east passage to the East Indies, along with Martens' observations on Spitsbergen and whaling in northern waters in 1671. The extracts given here, translated where necessary, offer valuable insights into seventeenth-century navigation and exploration. A selection of illustrations, ranging from maps to depictions of exotic flora and fauna, accompany the text. A key reference for later navigators and for those interested in the history of maritime exploration, the book was also one of the oldest works in Darwin's library aboard the Beagle.
Memoirs of William Wordsworth
Authors: Wordsworth Christopher
Published: June 2016

This two-volume biography of William Wordsworth (1770–1850) was published in 1851 by his nephew, Christopher (1807–85), a scholar who later became bishop of Lincoln. The introductory chapter argues against the presentation of a 'life', or a critical assessment of Wordsworth's works. The poet felt strongly that the life was in the works, and that they should 'plead their own cause before the tribune of Posterity'. Nevertheless, an elucidation of the facts of Wordsworth's life would - precisely because his poems are so personal - help the reader to understand his verse; and to be best understood, it should be studied chronologically, for which a 'biographical commentary' would be essential. Christopher Wordsworth, having agreed to undertake this task, asked his uncle for a 'brief sketch of the most prominent circumstances of his life'; the remainder of Volume 1 takes the biography up to 1810.
Memoirs of William Wordsworth
Authors: Wordsworth Christopher
Published: June 2016

This two-volume biography of William Wordsworth (1770–1850) was published in 1851 by his nephew, Christopher (1807–85), a scholar who later became bishop of Lincoln. The introductory chapter argues against the presentation of a 'life', or a critical assessment of Wordsworth's works. The poet felt strongly that the life was in the works, and that they should 'plead their own cause before the tribune of Posterity'. Nevertheless, an elucidation of the facts of Wordsworth's life would - precisely because his poems are so personal - help the reader to understand his verse; and to be best understood, it should be studied chronologically, for which a 'biographical commentary' would be essential. Christopher Wordsworth, having agreed to undertake this task, describes in Volume 2 the family's move to Rydal Mount in 1811, and continues to 1850. An appendix provides documents on the history of the family.
Interacting Electrons
Authors: Martin Richard M. , Reining Lucia , Ceperley David M.
Published: June 2016

Recent progress in the theory and computation of electronic structure is bringing an unprecedented level of capability for research. Many-body methods are becoming essential tools vital for quantitative calculations and understanding materials phenomena in physics, chemistry, materials science and other fields. This book provides a unified exposition of the most-used tools: many-body perturbation theory, dynamical mean field theory and quantum Monte Carlo simulations. Each topic is introduced with a less technical overview for a broad readership, followed by in-depth descriptions and mathematical formulation. Practical guidelines, illustrations and exercises are chosen to enable readers to appreciate the complementary approaches, their relationships, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method. This book is designed for graduate students and researchers who want to use and understand these advanced computational tools, get a broad overview, and acquire a basis for participating in new developments.
An Introduction to Clouds
Authors: Lohmann Ulrike , Lüönd Felix , Mahrt Fabian
Published: June 2016

An Introduction to Clouds provides a fundamental understanding of clouds, ranging from cloud microphysics to the large-scale impacts of clouds on climate. On the microscale, phase changes and ice nucleation are covered comprehensively, including aerosol particles and thermodynamics relevant for the formation of clouds and precipitation. At larger scales, cloud dynamics, mid-latitude storms and tropical cyclones are discussed leading to the role of clouds on the hydrological cycle and climate. Each chapter ends with problem sets and multiple choice questions that can be completed online, and important equations are highlighted in boxes for ease of reference. Combining mathematical formulations with qualitative explanations of underlying concepts, this accessible book requires relatively little previous knowledge, making it ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in atmospheric science, environmental sciences and related disciplines.
Fibrous Materials
Authors: Chawla Krishan
Published: June 2016

This new updated edition provides an unrivaled overview of fibrous materials, their processing, microstructure, properties, and applications. The entire range of fibrous materials is discussed in depth, from natural polymeric fibers such as silk and vegetable fibers, and synthetic polymeric fibers such as aramid and polyethylene, to metallic fibers including steel, tungsten, Nb-Ti, and Nb3Sn, ceramic fibers such as alumina and silicon carbide, and carbon and glass fibers. Fundamental concepts are explained clearly and concisely along with detail on applications in areas including medicine, aerospace, optical communications, and recycling. Significant recent advances are also covered, with new information on the electrospinning of fibers, carbon nanotubes, and photonic bandgap fibers, and detail on advances made in the production and control of microstructure in high stiffness and high strength fibers. Accessibly written and unrivaled in scope, this is an ideal resource for students and researchers in materials science, physics, chemistry, and engineering.
Renaissance Ethnography and the Invention of the Human
Authors: Davies Surekha
Published: June 2016

Giants, cannibals and other monsters were a regular feature of Renaissance illustrated maps, inhabiting the Americas alongside other indigenous peoples. In a new approach to views of distant peoples, Surekha Davies analyzes this archive alongside prints, costume books and geographical writing. Using sources from Iberia, France, the German lands, the Low Countries, Italy and England, Davies argues that mapmakers and viewers saw these maps as careful syntheses that enabled viewers to compare different peoples. In an age when scholars, missionaries, native peoples and colonial officials debated whether New World inhabitants could – or should – be converted or enslaved, maps were uniquely suited for assessing the impact of environment on bodies and temperaments. Through innovative interdisciplinary methods connecting the European Renaissance to the Atlantic world, Davies uses new sources and questions to explore science as a visual pursuit, revealing how debates about the relationship between humans and monstrous peoples challenged colonial expansion.
Teen Talk
Authors: Tagliamonte Sali A.
Published: June 2016

How do today's teenagers talk? What are the distinguishing features of their style of language, and what do they tell us about the English language more generally? Drawing on a huge corpus of examples collected over a fifteen-year period, Sali A. Tagliamonte undertakes a detailed study of adolescents' language and argues that it acts as a 'bellwether' for the future of the English language. Teenagers are often accused of 'lowering the standards' of the English language by the way they talk and text. From spoken words - 'like', 'so', 'just', and 'stuff' - to abbreviated expressions used online, this fascinating book puts young people's language under the microscope, examining and demystifying the origins of new words, and tracking how they vary according to gender, geographical location, and social circumstances. Highly topical and full of new insights, the book is essential reading for anyone interested in how teenagers talk.
Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry
Authors: Schaefer Bruce F.
Published: June 2016

Isotopes provide important information on many geological processes, with key relevance to the mining and petroleum industries, yet the techniques to obtain, process and interpret the data can be complex to master. This accessible book provides broad coverage of radiogenic isotopes in geochronology and geochemistry, explaining the basic principles and state-of-the-art techniques used to study them, with an emphasis on industry applications. The major isotopic systems are fully summarised with relation to real-world applications, enabling readers to decide which technique is most relevant for the problem they want to solve, and then to rigorously evaluate existing data, or recalculate and reassess datasets to avoid duplication of effort. A comprehensive glossary clarifies the numerous acronyms used in the field. Written at a level appropriate for advanced undergraduate students, the book also includes detail which allows more experienced practitioners to maximise the potential value of isotopic datasets.
Sound Propagation through the Stochastic Ocean
Authors: Colosi John A.
Published: June 2016

The ocean is opaque to electromagnetic radiation and transparent to low frequency sound, so acoustical methodologies are an important tool for sensing the undersea world. Stochastic sound-speed fluctuations in the ocean, such as those caused by internal waves, result in a progressive randomisation of acoustic signals as they traverse the ocean environment. This signal randomisation imposes a limit to the effectiveness of ocean acoustic remote sensing, navigation and communication. Sound Propagation through the Stochastic Ocean provides a comprehensive treatment of developments in the field of statistical ocean acoustics over the last 35 years. This will be of fundamental interest to oceanographers, marine biologists, geophysicists, engineers, applied mathematicians, and physicists. Key discoveries in topics such as internal waves, ray chaos, Feynman path integrals, and mode transport theory are addressed with illustrations from ocean observations. The topics are presented at an approachable level for advanced students and seasoned researchers alike.
Decolonisation and the Pacific
Authors: Banivanua Mar Tracey
Published: June 2016

This book charts the previously untold story of decolonisation in the oceanic world of the Pacific, Australia and New Zealand, presenting it both as an indigenous and an international phenomenon. Tracey Banivanua Mar reveals how the inherent limits of decolonisation were laid bare by the historical peculiarities of colonialism in the region, and demonstrates the way imperial powers conceived of decolonisation as a new form of imperialism. She shows how Indigenous peoples responded to these limits by developing rich intellectual, political and cultural networks transcending colonial and national borders, with localised traditions of protest and dialogue connected to the global ferment of the twentieth century. The individual stories told here shed new light on the forces that shaped twentieth-century global history, and reconfigure the history of decolonisation, presenting it not as an historic event, but as a fragile, contingent and ongoing process continuing well into the postcolonial era.
Advanced Computational Fluid and Aerodynamics
Authors: Tucker Paul G.
Published: June 2016

The advent of supercomputers has brought computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to the forefront as a tool to analyze increasingly complex simulation scenarios in many fields. Computational aerodynamics problems are also increasingly moving towards being coupled, multi-physics and multi-scale with complex, moving geometries. The latter presents severe geometry handling and meshing challenges. Simulations also frequently use formal design optimization processes. This book explains the evolution of CFD and provides a comprehensive overview of the plethora of tools and methods available for solving complex scenarios while exploring the future directions and possible outcomes. Using numerous examples, illustrations and computational methods the author discusses turbulence modeling, pre and post processing, coupled solutions, the importance of design optimization, multiphysics problems, reduced order models, and large scale computations and the future of CFD. Advanced Computational Fluid and Aerodynamics is suitable for audiences engaged in computational fluid dynamics including advanced undergraduates, researchers and industrial practitioners.
An Introduction to Botany
Authors: Wakefield Priscilla
Published: June 2016

Coming from a prosperous London Quaker family, the author Priscilla Wakefield (1751–1832) wrote educational books for children, and one work for adults, Reflections on the Present Condition of the Female Sex (1798), also reissued in this series. This 1796 book on botany, a science which 'contributes to health of body and cheerfulness of disposition' but is difficult to study because of its Latin nomenclature and the cost of textbooks, offers a simple introduction for children through the medium of letters between sisters, as 'Felicia' shares with 'Constance' her growing understanding of plant science. Felicia's governess is a follower of Linnaeus, whose classificatory system is described as 'the one universally adopted', and by the twenty-eighth and final letter, Felicia is describing the class Cryptogamia. This illustrated account in simple language gives an insight into the level of education thought appropriate for young girls at the end of the eighteenth century.
Principles and Applications of Metal Rolling
Authors: Ray Siddhartha
Published: June 2016

Rolling is an important metal forming process which involves the passing of metal stock through a pair of rollers. It is categorized depending on the recrystallization temperature of the metal rolled. This book covers the entire gamut of rolling technology in one volume. It begins with a brief history of rolling, and goes on to discuss different rolling processes, the deformation of materials, and the classification of rolling mills and stands. The book discusses rolling applications of steel blooms, slabs, bars, plates, rods, heavy sections and non-ferrous metals in detail. It covers important rolling process parameters, including rolling friction, stress and strain across rolled strip thickness, rolling torque and power and roll separation force. It also provides details on the design and applications of various rolling equipment, including mill rolls, neck bearings, spindles, coilers and decoilers.
A History of the Mathematical Theory of Probability
Authors: Todhunter Isaac
Published: June 2016

Throughout his early life, Isaac Todhunter (1820–84) excelled as a student of mathematics, gaining a scholarship at the University of London and numerous awards during his time at St John's College, Cambridge. Taking up fellowship of the college in 1849, he became widely known for both his educational texts and his historical accounts of various branches of mathematics. The present work, first published in 1865, describes the rise of probability theory as a recognised subject, beginning with a discussion of the famous 'problem of points', as considered by the likes of the Chevalier de Méré, Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat during the latter half of the seventeenth century. Subsequently, the application of advanced methods that had been developed in classical areas of mathematics led to rapid progress in probability theory. Todhunter traces this growth, closing with a thorough account of Pierre-Simon Laplace's far-reaching work in the area.
The Letters of Queen Victoria
Authors: Queen Victoria
Published: June 2016

This nine-volume selection from the letters of Queen Victoria, with ancillary material, was commissioned by her son, Edward VII, and published between 1907 and 1932, with a gap of almost twenty years between the third and fourth volumes. The editors of the first three volumes, the poet and writer A. C. Benson (1862–1925) and the second Viscount Esher (1852–1930), administrator and courtier, decided that the plan for the selection of letters from the thousands available should be to publish 'such documents as would serve to bring out the development of the Queen's character and disposition, and to give typical instances of her methods in dealing with political and social matters'. Volume 1 contains introductory chapters about the Queen's early life, and letters to and from the young princess, continuing through her accession, coronation, courtship and marriage, and ending in 1843.
The Letters of Queen Victoria
Authors: Queen Victoria
Published: June 2016

This nine-volume selection from the letters of Queen Victoria, with ancillary material, was commissioned by her son, Edward VII, and published between 1907 and 1932, with a gap of almost twenty years between the third and fourth volumes. The editor of the 'Second Series', which covers the years from 1862 to 1885, was George Earle Buckle (1854–1935), a historian and former editor of The Times, who continued the editorial policy of his predecessors, but who needed to tread carefully, as many of the people mentioned in documents of the second part of Queen Victoria's reign were still alive when Volumes 4–6 were published between 1926 and 1928. Volume 4, dealing with 1862–9, begins with the period of mourning after Prince Albert's death, and includes the marriage of the Prince of Wales, and the death of the Queen's uncle and mentor, Leopold I of Belgium.
The Letters of Queen Victoria
Authors: Queen Victoria
Published: June 2016

This nine-volume selection from the letters of Queen Victoria, with ancillary material, was commissioned by her son, Edward VII, and published between 1907 and 1932, with a gap of almost twenty years between the third and fourth volumes. The editor of the 'Second Series', which covers the years from 1862 to 1885, was George Earle Buckle (1854–1935), a historian and former editor of The Times, who continued the editorial policy of his predecessors, but who needed to tread carefully, as many of the people mentioned in documents of the second part of Queen Victoria's reign were still alive when Volumes 4–6 were published between 1926 and 1928. Volume 5 covers the period from 1870 to 1878, and includes a meeting between the Queen and Charles Dickens and the outbreak and conclusion of the Franco-Prussian War, but it is problems in Ireland that increasingly come to dominate the correspondence.
The Letters of Queen Victoria
Authors: Queen Victoria
Published: June 2016

This nine-volume selection from the letters of Queen Victoria, with ancillary material, was commissioned by her son, Edward VII, and published between 1907 and 1932, with a gap of almost twenty years between the third and fourth volumes. The editor of the 'Third Series', which covers the years from 1886 to 1901, was George Earle Buckle (1854–1935), a historian and former editor of The Times, who continued the editorial policy of his predecessors, but who needed to tread carefully, as many of the people mentioned in documents of the final part of Queen Victoria's reign were still alive when Volumes 7–9 were published between 1930 and 1932. Volume 8 covers the period 1891–5, and describes continuing political strife over Ireland, and the death of the Duke of Clarence, second in line to the throne. Lighter moments include a royal command performance of Gilbert and Sullivan's The Mikado.
The Life of Franz Schubert
Authors: Kreissle von Hellborn Heinrich , Grove George
Published: June 2016

The astonishing creative genius of Franz Schubert (1797–1828) produced an extraordinary quantity of music: song cycles, symphonies, piano and chamber works – all now recognised as masterpieces. Such acclaim did not exist in the years immediately after his death, and it was only later, when the rediscovery of Schubert's music (led by George Grove) was gathering pace, that this work, the first full-length biography of the composer, appeared in 1865. Written by Heinrich Kreissle von Hellborn (1812–69), a Viennese lawyer and member of the city's Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde, the work incorporates reminiscences of Schubert's friends as collected by Ferdinand Luib for his prospective biography. This 1869 English translation by Arthur Duke Coleridge, founder of the Bach Choir, contains an appendix by Grove on Schubert's symphonies and his rediscovery in Vienna of several manuscripts as well as the partbooks for Rosamunde. Volume 2 covers 1824 to 1828, and includes a list of works and Grove's appendix.
Essai sur l'application de l'analyse à la probabilité des décisions rendues à la pluralité des voix
Authors: Condorcet Nicolas de
Published: June 2016

A central figure in the early years of the French Revolution, Nicolas de Condorcet (1743–94) was active as a mathematician, philosopher, politician and economist. He argued for the values of the Enlightenment, from religious toleration to the abolition of slavery, believing that society could be improved by the application of rational thought. In this essay, first published in 1785, Condorcet analyses mathematically the process of making majority decisions, and seeks methods to improve the likelihood of their success. The work was largely forgotten in the nineteenth century, while those who did comment on it tended to find the arguments obscure. In the second half of the twentieth century, however, it was rediscovered as a foundational work in the theory of voting and societal preferences. Condorcet presents several significant results, among which Condorcet's paradox (the non-transitivity of majority preferences) is now seen as the direct ancestor of Arrow's paradox.
Richard to Minna Wagner
Authors: Wagner Richard
Published: June 2016

The German actress Minna Planer (1809–66) was Wagner's first wife. Though it lasted until her death, their marriage, never an easy one, was punctuated by long periods of separation, and during its early years Minna was the main breadwinner. William Ashton Ellis (1852–1919) abandoned his medical career to devote himself to his Wagner studies. Best known for his translations of Wagner's prose works, he published in 1909 this collection of letters from the composer, translated from the originals in Baron Hans von Wolzogen's Richard Wagner an Minna Wagner (1908). Concerned predominantly with domestic and business affairs, many of them complaining at Minna's lack of support, the letters offer an intriguing and intimate view of this larger-than-life composer. Spanning 1842–58, Volume 1 covers the couple's period in Dresden, Wagner's hurried departure after the 1849 uprising, and the years in Zurich culminating in the relationship with Mathilde Wesendonck.
Alexander's Empire
Authors: Mahaffy John Pentland , Gilman Arthur
Published: June 2016

The classical scholar J. P. Mahaffy (1839–1919) is known equally for his work on Greek texts and Egyptian papyri (his edition of The Flinders Petrie Papyri is reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection). He graduated from Trinity College, Dublin, and spent the rest of his working life there, ultimately as provost from 1914 until his death. In this illustrated 1887 work, Mahaffy describes Alexander's extraordinary conquest of territories in Europe, Africa and Asia, the collapse of his empire after his death, and the later subjugation of the successor kingdoms to the power of Rome. With his American collaborator Arthur Gilman (1837–1909), Mahaffy discusses Alexander's place in history before giving a close account of his career and death. The successor dynasties, and dominant rulers such as Demetrius II and Pyrrhus, their feuds and their attempted resistance to the rise of Rome, are depicted in an engaging and dramatic narrative.
A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical and Historical, of Commerce and Commercial Navigation
Authors: McCulloch J. R.
Published: June 2016

A friend, correspondent and intellectual successor to David Ricardo, John Ramsay McCulloch (1789–1864) forged his reputation in the emerging field of political economy by publishing deeply researched articles in Scottish periodicals and the Encyclopaedia Britannica. From 1828 he spent nearly a decade as professor of political economy at the newly founded University of London, thereafter becoming comptroller of the Stationery Office. Perhaps the first professional economist, McCulloch had become internationally renowned by the middle of the century, recognised for sharing his ideas through lucid lecturing and writing. The present reference work, first published in 1832 and later revised, expanded and updated multiple times, made McCulloch considerable sums of money. His critical and analytical treatment of the data he had largely compiled himself made this much more than a mere book of facts. Several other works written or edited by McCulloch are also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection.
The Table-Talk of John Selden
Authors: Selden John
Published: June 2016

The lawyer, politician and antiquarian John Selden (1584–1654) made his name as an expert on the ancient laws of England, though he was equally at home with classical and Judaic studies: Grotius described him as 'the glory of the English nation', and his advice was sought on all manner of legal and moral problems from tithes to cross-dressing. This collection of his remarks on many topics was compiled by his amanuensis Richard Milward and first published in 1689. Reissued here is a version annotated and with a biographical preface by the literary scholar Samuel Weller Singer (1783–1858) and published in 1847. The topics of Selden's discourse are arranged alphabetically, from 'abbies' to 'zelots', via Christmas, juggling, marriage, and witches. As Singer says of the book, 'it is impossible to open it without finding some important fact or discussion, something practically useful and applicable to the business of life'.
The Value of Emily Dickinson
Authors: Loeffelholz Mary
Published: June 2016

The Value of Emily Dickinson is the first compact introduction to Dickinson to focus primarily on her poems and why they have held and continue to hold such significance for readers. It addresses the question of literary value in light of current controversies dividing scholars, including those surrounding the critical issue of whether her writings are best appreciated as visual works of manuscript art or as rhymed and metered poems intended for the inner ear. Mary Loeffelholz deftly incorporates Dickinson's distinctive biography and her historical, religious, and cultural contexts into close readings, tracing the evolution of Dickinson's style. This volume - which considers not only the complex history of Dickinson's poems in print, but also their future in digital formats - will be an invaluable resource for undergraduate and graduate students seeking to better understand the importance of this seminal American poet.
Japan
Authors: Dresser Christopher
Published: June 2016

Educated at the Government School of Design (predecessor of the Royal College of Art), Christopher Dresser (1834–1904) became arguably the first industrial designer, identified by his name on his work. He was an early proponent of oriental art: as a leading figure in the Aesthetic Movement, he promoted Japonism in art and decoration. In 1876–7 he toured Japan at the Japanese government's invitation, investigating local manufacturing and design. This beautifully illustrated 1882 work is the result. The first half is a travelogue of Dresser's time in Japan, written with a designer's eye for the architecture and decoration around him. The second half, covering the various ways in which design and decoration were used in the manufacturing industries, includes consideration of architectural motifs, the importance of symbols, lacquerware, ceramics, metalware, and fabric production. This remains an invaluable resource for the student of Japanese art and design.
Les origines de l'astronomie chinoise
Authors: Saussure Léopold de , Ferrand Gabriel
Published: June 2016

Descended from French Protestants who had emigrated to Geneva, Léopold de Saussure (1866–1925) began his career in the French navy. Before retiring with the rank of lieutenant in 1899, he had learned Chinese and how to accurately observe the stars. The study of ancient Chinese astronomy then became the focus of his scholarly energies, and he made a number of significant contributions. Posthumously published in 1930, this work gathers together eleven of the twelve articles that originally appeared in the journal T'oung Pao between 1907 and 1922. In his preface, the French orientalist Gabriel Ferrand (1864–1935) quotes a letter, written by Saussure a month before his death, noting a shift of opinion: he now believed China had been influenced by the Middle East rather than vice versa. Irrespective of the question of priority, Saussure's work here reveals the depth of his understanding of the Chinese system.
Souvenirs of Madame Vigée Le Brun
Authors: Vigée-Lebrun Louise-Elisabeth
Published: June 2016

The most accomplished female painter of her age, Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun (1755–1842) is best remembered for her many portraits of Queen Marie Antoinette of France. Her two-volume autobiography was published in France in 1835–7, and this English version (of which the translator is unknown) in 1879. It begins with a series of ten letters to a Russian friend, Princess Kourakin, describing her family and early life, her artistic training, and her rise to the position of portraitist to the queen. The letters end with the Revolution and Vigée-Lebrun's flight abroad: the 'souvenirs' which follow describe her years of exile and her eventual return to France. Throughout her life, she supported herself and her family by her painting. Volume 1 ends with her staying in Austria, after a tour of the cities of Italy, during which she studied art as well as participating in the life of high society.
Problems of the Far East
Authors: Curzon George Nathaniel
Published: June 2016

Following his election to Parliament and extensive travels through Asia, George Nathaniel Curzon (1859–1925) published in 1894 this consideration of the present state of Japan, Korea and China within a changing international landscape. Later viceroy of India, Curzon was fascinated by the rich cultural heritage of the Far East, yet he remained a staunch supporter of British imperialism. He explains that the book's purpose is to delve deeper into political, social and economic conditions, rather than present a travel narrative of 'temples, tea-houses and bric-à-brac'. After devoting a substantial section to each country, Curzon closes with 'The Prospect', exploring what he envisages for the future of the whole region. The favourable reception of this title and his 1892 work, Persia and the Persian Question (also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection), highlighted Curzon's diligently acquired knowledge of Asian affairs and how they affected Britain's imperial interests.
Description of the Fossil Remains of Mollusca Found in the Chalk of England
Authors: Sharpe Daniel
Published: June 2016

The geologist Daniel Sharpe (1806–56) is best remembered for his pioneering work on cleavage and the effects of tectonics on fossils. Tragically, having just been elected President of the Geological Society of London, he died following a riding accident. The Late Cretaceous Chalk Group contains a rich diversity of cephalopods, including many heteromorph ammonites. The oldest parts of the Chalk, formerly known as the Lower Chalk, yield the greatest diversity of ammonites and nautiloids, whereas the younger parts commonly have belemnites. Originally issued between 1853 and 1857, Sharpe's monograph describes and beautifully illustrates ammonites, nautiloids and belemnites, bringing together new taxa and those previously named by continental authors. A sign of its times, taxa are contained in few genera; for example, the ammonites are assigned to Ammonites. However, this problem is easily resolved by using this work in conjunction with Wright and Wright's 1950 revision.