bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring nucleon structure and hadronization with dihadrons and hadrons in jets at STAR
Authors: Drachenberg J. L.
Published: December 2021

Over the last decade, theoretical and experimental engagement of transverse-spin phenomena has unlocked tantalizing opportunities for new insights into nucleon structure and hadronization. Observables such as hadrons in jets and dihadron correlations from polarized proton collisions provide access to the transversity distribution function at a range of x complementary to existing semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) experiments but at a much higher range of Q
2. Moreover, these two observables give access through two different factorization frameworks–transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) and collinear–enabling a unique path to address questions concerning factorization-breaking and the universality of TMD functions. Data collected by STAR have revealed the first observations of transverse single-spin asymmetries in the azimuthal distributions of dihadron correlations and hadrons within jets from polarized proton collisions at both

s

= 500 GeV and 200 GeV. The STAR 200 GeV dihadron data have recently been included in global analyses that for the first time include SIDIS, e
+
e
−, and p + p data to extract the transversity distribution. The STAR hadron-in-jet data provide a unique opportunity to illuminate longstanding questions: Do factorization and universality extend to the TMD picture in proton-proton collisions, e.g. through the Collins mechanism? How do TMD functions evolve with changing kinematics? The STAR dihadron and hadron-in-jet data will be presented and discussed in context with the recent global analyses and model calculations.
Design, construction and implementation of relative humidity and temperature climatic chamber for metrology laboratory
Authors: Malpica Gutierrez Johan S , Peña Ismael A Fernández , Martínez Santa Fernando
Published: December 2021

For the calibration of thermohygrometers it is necessary to have a means of generating temperature and relative humidity for this reason in this development we will build a climatic chamber which will generate and control these two magnitudes. For the generation of temperature a thermoresistance was used and the decrease of relative humidity was done through a silica gel trap through which the air inside the chamber is recirculated with the use of a vacuum pump. On the other hand, an ultrasonic humidity generator also known as fogger was used to increase the relative humidity. For the construction of the chamber, acrylic was used as the main material, since it is translucent and facilitates the visualization of the thermohygrometers’ indications. For the control of the process variables such as temperature and relative humidity, an Arduino card was used, which through PWM pulse width modulation, the control was performed achieving a variation of 0.3 °C and 2 %RH, which will be evaluated by an accredited laboratory in the characterization of isothermal media certified by ONAC, since it is in this way that the inhomogeneity, stability and thermal load of the medium, components that affect the uncertainty of the instruments under calibration, are evaluated. It should be remembered that this development was carried out in order to create an air medium with which temperature and relative humidity measuring instruments can be calibrated in the metrology laboratory VALIDACIONES Y METROLOGIA LM S.A.S., since it is in the process of growth and one of its main objectives is to be accredited in the magnitudes of temperature and relative humidity before the accreditation body in Colombia (ONAC), which is the entity that will finally give the technical approval to release the chamber and put it into operation.
Design of Distributed Substation High Voltage Electrical Equipment Online Monitoring System Based on Image Segmentation Technology
Authors: Lin Mingzhong , Fu Lei , Zeng Fanxing , Yang Guang , Sun Ming
Published: December 2021

As an important support mechanism for real-time monitoring and display of system frequency, harmonic voltage, harmonic current, three-phase voltage unbalance, voltage fluctuation and flicker, true power factor and other power quality parameters specified in national standard, especially for fast and accurate data processing and improving test frequency and level, the online monitoring of substation is an important support mechanism for real-time monitoring and display of system frequency, harmonic voltage, harmonic current, three-phase voltage unbalance, voltage fluctuation and flicker, true power factor and other power quality parameters specified in national standard. The research of distributed substation high voltage electrical equipment online system based on image segmentation has important practical value. However, the design system of the online monitoring network of some substation electrical equipment can not effectively follow the development needs of society and industry, and there is an urgent need for effective reform. Based on this, this paper first analyzes the problems existing in the design system construction of online monitoring network of distributed substation electrical equipment, and then gives the construction strategy of online monitoring system of high voltage electrical equipment in view of these problems.
Helicopter Training Simulator Measurement and Control System Based on Computer Simulation Technology
Authors: Li He , Zou Gang , Li Lin , Yu Dehui
Published: December 2021

With the development of computer software technology and simulation technology, simulation training has been widely used. Helicopter training simulation has become an important part of helicopter training, and its status is becoming more and more important. On the one hand, the air mechanic is responsible for the maintenance and organization of the helicopter during the flight, and on the other hand is responsible for the starting and stopping of the helicopter engine, the operation of related equipment, and the handling of emergencies during the flight. The simulation training has the characteristics of high training efficiency, convenient maintenance and low training cost. It will become an important means for helicopter air mechanics to troubleshoot and deal with special situations. This paper aims to study the helicopter training simulator measurement and control system based on computer software technology. Based on the analysis of the advantages of the simulator instead of the actual installation for training, the helicopter training simulator function and the simulator subsystem, the actual installation simulation instrument and signal are designed. The indicator light, the graphic instrument and the control signal are arranged in the circuit, and then the simulation experiment is carried out on the design. The experimental results show that the design can more accurately simulate the indication of the antenna elevation angle table, which meets the requirements of this article.
Optimization of Microwave Resonator for Wireless Communication Based on Computer Technology
Authors: Cao Ke
Published: December 2021

Wireless communication is a way of information transmission based on wireless network. It mainly includes microwave communication and satellite communication. There is no conductor between the receiving points of transmitting information. Microwave belongs to radio waves, its propagation distance is not far, but its transmission frequency and communication capacity is relatively high. Microwave resonators have been widely used and provide convenient conditions for wireless communication. In this paper, the status quo of wireless communication microwave resonator and some optimization schemes based on computer technology are described, and some obvious effects will be achieved after optimization based on computer technology are summarized.
Intelligent Building Data Fusion Algorithm by Using the Internet of Things Technology
Authors: Peng Duo , Zhao Jingqiang , Xu Tongtong
Published: December 2021

Analyzed in this paper based on the Internet of things technology for intelligent building data, redundancy of data fusion are pointed out, based on the dynamic Kalman filter algorithm of multi-sensor fusion, first using the theory of fuzzy and covariance matching technique to adjust the noise covariance of traditional algorithm, combined with weighted minimum variance matrix under the optimal information fusion algorithm of data fusion, Finally, the simulation results show that this algorithm can effectively reduce the redundancy of intelligent data and make the estimated value of data fusion more close to the actual value.
The Application of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology in CNC Tools Design and Machining
Authors: Su Zhaohui
Published: December 2021

CNC tool is a kind of cutting tools in industrial manufacturing. With the improvement of CNC machining accuracy and quality level, it puts forward more strict requirements for the performance of the cutting tool. Its manufacturing intelligence has become the inevitable choice for the development of the industry. In this paper, the key manufacturing technology of numerical control tools and the application of intelligence in numerical control tool manufacturing are described. the development trend of intelligent manufacturing of numerical control tools is analyzed.
Technical Research on Substation Overhaul Status Based on the Combination of Computer Technology in Power System
Authors: Qiao Dongwei , Yang Jun , Ye Jun
Published: December 2021

With the development of computer technology, its application in power failure detection has become more and more extensive, and the functions of the power system have been continuously updated. This article mainly focuses on the technical analysis of the substation overhaul status and the application of substation overhaul technology in the power system.
Peculiarities of calculations of formation of extended sections of steel castings in disposable moulds with functional coating of definite microrelief
Authors: Smikov A F , Kuzovov S S , Moiseyev V S
Published: December 2021

In the present article are considered the issues of influence of the microrelief of the working cavity surface of the sand-and-clay mould on the intensity of heat exchange and formation of the structure in the surface area of the metal blank, for prevention of hot cracks formation.
Study of influence of micro-arc oxidation process duration on the characteristics of thermal control coatings for space applications
Authors: Anikin К A , Apelfeld A V , Kondratskiy I O
Published: December 2021

Thermal control coatings were obtained on the AMg6 aluminum alloy with the aid of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) process. The dependences of the thickness, roughness, porosity and thermal control properties of the coating on MAO process duration were studied. The thermal control properties (solar absorbance αs and emissivity ε) were investigated by ultraviolet–visible-near infrared spectrophotometer instrument and solar absorption reflectometer. The analysis of thickness, roughness and MAO process duration influence on the thermal control properties of the coating was carried out.
Effect of TiN particles on mechanical and anticorrosive properties of oxide layers formed by PEO on silumin
Authors: Borgardt E D , Katsman A V , Krishtal M M
Published: December 2021

The work focuses on the effect of sub-micron and micron dispersity titanium nitride additions to the electrolyte during plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of silumin A14130(11.5 wt% Si) on the structure, mechanical and anticorrosive properties of the oxide layers. It was found that the greatest positive effect of sub-micron TiN particles on the hardness and wear resistance of oxide layers is achieved at concentrations in the range of 1.0–2.5 g/l, and for micron TiN particles – at 0.5–1.0 g/l concentrations. However, for all concentrations of TiN particles, their insertion into the oxide layer has adverse effect on the anticorrosive properties of the oxide layer.
Arc-PVD coatings for titanium machining tool
Authors: Blinkov I V , Demirov A P , Belov D S , Chernogor A V
Published: December 2021

The paper presents results of life tests in machining titanium alloy with cutting carbide tool with Ti-Mo-Al-Ni-Si-N, (Ti, Al) N coatings and without it. Shown, that tool life with first coatings is 1.8 and 3.6 times higher than tool with second coatings and simple carbide tool,respectively.
Diffusion welding in gradient heatmetry
Authors: Barabanova O A , Sapozhnikov S Z , Salmin P A , Nabatchikov S V
Published: December 2021

Gradient heatmetry allows you to record, process and analyze pulsations of heat flux, which is of paramount importance in the research of gas flow around bodies, in the study of complex heat transfer, etc.
NaI(Tl+Li) scintillator as multirange energies neutron detector
Authors: Ponomarev D. , Filosofov D. , Khushvaktov J. , Lubashevskiy A. , Rozova I. , Rozov S. , Shakhov K. , Shitov Yu. , Timkin V. , Yakushev E. , Zhitnikov I.
Published: December 2021

Novel NaIL detector (5 × 6 inch) was investigated for
its neutron detection in wide energy range. It has been found that
the detector together with its known ability to detect the
γ-radiation it also allows to distinguish neutron signals in
three quasi-independent ways. It is sensitive to neutron fluxes on a
level down to 10-3 cm-2 s-1. In this work intrinsic
α-background and neutron detection sensitivity for the NaIL
detector were obtained. Experimental data was compared with results
of Geant4 Monte Carlo (MC).
Energy efficient embedded systems and their application in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Bundalo Zlatko V
Published: December 2021

Embedded systems are specialised electronic systems that perform limited number of fixed operations and are used in many application areas. Such systems are based on using microprocessors for their implementation. Embedded systems are usually part of other systems where they are embedded into some embedding systems. They have to be efficient in electrical energy consumption, size of program code, time of operation, weight and cost. Embedded systems are inexpensive and are used in almost every electronic product or other electronic systems. Many embedded systems are mobile systems supplied by batteries and the available electrical energy must be used efficiently as much as possible. Application areas where embedded systems are used and where minimal consumption of energy is required are battery powered wireless sensor networks. The methods for reduction of energy consumption and for power management in embedded systems are considered and described in this paper. The accent is given on design and application of energy efficient embedded systems in wireless sensor networks and on possibilities to reduce energy consumption in such systems. The methods for energy harvesting, that are very attractive and very useful in wireless sensor networks applications, are also considered and described. One practically implemented battery supplied wireless sensor network for application for environmental data acquisition and monitoring in agriculture is described in the paper.
Application of mathematical modelling in the process of design and production of pressure vessels
Authors: Islamović Fadil , Beganović Mirzet , Bajramović Esad , Gačo Dženana
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the engineering practice, which the company “Regeneracija” Ltd. Velika Kladuša – Bosnia and Herzegovina uses to perform preliminary experimental testing and measurements, followed by mathematical modeling of critical pressure of these vessels, in order to obtain the projected quality of pressure vessels made of composite materials. The paper will confirm the hypothesis that it is possible to relate mathematical connection and dependence of the critical pressure of vessels of composite materials (Pkr) with mechanical characteristics of vessel material (σM), vessel diameter (D), and vessel wall thickness (s). In this way, by varying the mentioned parameters, it is possible to achieve the desired product quality in the production of composite material containers by achieving the projected critical and thus working pressure. Generally speaking, the mathematical model of critical pressure obtained in this way will be a good indicator for design engineers to know how much critical pressure a given vessel can withstand, and based on that to take quick control of working or projected pressure, but also for designing completely new vessels made of composite materials as a substitute for the expensive experimental testing.
The Methodology of Distinguish Between Random and Chaotic Machine Tool Oscillations
Authors: Gredelj Sanel
Published: December 2021

Machine tool oscillations are irregular or aperiodic. Most often, these oscillations are chaotic but, in some cases, they can be quasi-periodic or random. The methodology for characterizing oscillations in the first of two steps uses the nonparametric hypothesis tests which the observed oscillations confirmed as irregular. The methodology for the final characterization of oscillations is based on chaos quantifiers. A time series defined as the measured values of oscillations in the time domain is the basis for calculating the quantifiers of chaos. There are four quantifiers of chaos: the Lyapunov exponent, Kolmogorov entropy, fractal dimension and correlation dimension. The correlation dimension and Kolmogorov entropy are important for distinguishing between random and chaotic oscillations. Other quantifiers of chaos are not used for this purpose. The methodology requires a multidisciplinary approach based on combining Nonlinear Dynamics and Probability Theory and Statistics. The methodology can be applied to many oscillating phenomena. Therefore, the paper mainly used the term oscillations, not vibrations, chatter, etc.
Spectral Range and Wood Surface Impacts on Equilibrium Moisture Content Estimation in Thermally Modified Beech Wood by FT-NIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Todorović Nebojša
Published: December 2021

Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy and partial least squares regression (PLS-R) were tested for the possibility of equilibrium moisture content (EMC) prediction in thermally modified beech wood (Fagus moesiaca C.). The samples were modified for 4h at temperatures of 170, 190 and 210 °C. After thermal modification, the samples were kept in a climatic chamber until EMC was reached. FT-NIR spectra (100 scans and 4 cm-1) were collected on the cross-section and radial surfaces at four points. PLS – R models were developed for four spectral regions: the first overtone, the second overtone, the third overtone and the combination band region. Applied thermal treatment caused a decrease of EMC by 42 % at 170 °C, by 53 % at 190 °C, and by 62 % at 210 °C. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that there is a difference both between treatments and between wood surfaces. The results of the spectra taken from the radial surface were, in all models, better than the spectra of the cross-section. Related to chemical changes, the first and second overtone region play an important role in the calibrations. The best prediction models for EMC of thermally modified beech wood were obtained from radial surface spectra in the first (Rp2=0.86, RPD=2.69) and second overtone region (Rp2=0.87, RPD=2.70). The obtain results could contribute to the development of predictive models in monitoring of EMC which could significantly improve the quality of industrial production of thermally modified wood.
Influence humidity and heat on tensile shear strength of lap joints made of solid fir/spruce wood
Authors: Cehic Minka
Published: December 2021

Determination of tensile shear strength of lap joints is carried out according to three standards: BAS EN 205:2018 for adhesives used for non–load–bearing structures, and according to BAS EN 302-1:2014 for adhesives used for the manufacture of load-bearing structures and according to EN 14257:2019 for lap joints who are exposed to elevated temperatures. The paper presents the results of tensile shear strength of lap joints made of solid fir/spruce (Abies alba ssp./Picea abies spp). Tensile shear strength was tested in 4 groups of tests samples. The Group 1 consisted the samples were 7 days in standard atmosphere [20/65]. The Group 2 consisted the samples were previously soaked in water at (20 ± 5) °C, then recondition in standard atmosphere [20/65]. The Group 3 consisted the samples were previously 6 h soaked in boiling water 2 h, then soaked in water at (20 ± 5) °C; the samples tested in the wet state. The Group 4 consisted the samples were previously exposed to heat in a preheated fan oven, at (80 ± 2) °C, for (60 ± 2) min. The test results can be applied for gluing windows, doors, stairs, high-frequency gluing, veneering panels, etc.
Model for predicting heart failure using Random Forest and Logistic Regression algorithms
Authors: Grgić Vedran , Mušić Denis , Babović Elmir
Published: December 2021

The paper analyzes the cardiovascular parameters of patients with heart disease. The aim of this study was to predict death in a patient with cardiovascular disease based on 12 parameters, using Random Forest and Logistic Regression algorithms. Parameters were tuned for both algorithms to determine the best settings. The most significant factors in the process predicted were found using the FEATURE SELECTION method of both algorithms. By comparative analysis of the obtained results, the highest accuracy of 90% was obtained using the Random Forest Algorithm.
Dynamic analysis of hybrid basalt and carbon fiber reinforced Bismaleimide composites suited for high temperature structural applications
Authors: Iyer N Prasanaa , Arunkumar N
Published: December 2021

The main aim of this work is to study thedamage tolerance of hybrid basalt and carbon fiber-reinforced composite subjected to low velocity impact (LVI) at different velocities, 2.89 m s−1 and 4.42 m s−1, simulated using a CEAST drop hammer testing machine and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis(DMA) were conducted to characterize the sample. In this article, the detailed failure mechanism of seven composite laminates (Basalt fiber/Bismaleimide(BMI)-diallyl Bisphenol A(DABA), Carbon fiber/BMI-DABA, Carbon and basalt fiber(hybrid fibers)/BMI-DABA) were studied under loading of LVI. Through the experiment, it was also substantiated that the hybrid fiber-reinforced composites possessed better damage tolerance and thermo mechanical properties than the homogenous fiber-reinforced composites. The hybrid fiber composites that were produced vary in the number of carbon fiber to basalt fiber ratio and stacking sequence. The impacted surface was analyzed at macro level by using Image J software. The impact force, the energy absorbed, and the deformation of the laminates under impact load were scrutinized extensively, and it was inferred that the basalt fiber intercalated with carbon fiber with BMI/DABA possessed the highest damage resistance than the other composite laminates under study. The highest peak force 5702 N and 9241 N with the highest elastic energy 4.8 J, 11.7 J and with lower deformation (3.85 mm, 6.09 mm) and deformation area (22.79 mm2, 28.09 mm2) was observed in the intercalated hybrid laminate.
Convergence in distribution for randomly stopped random fields
Authors: Silvestrov D.
Published: December 2021

Let

X

\mathbb {X}

and

Y

\mathbb {Y}

be two complete, separable, metric spaces,

ξ
ε

(
x
)
,
x
∈

X

\xi _\varepsilon (x), x \in \mathbb {X}

and

ν
ε

\nu _\varepsilon

be, for every

ε
∈
[
0
,
1
]

\varepsilon \in [0, 1]

, respectively, a random field taking values in space

Y

\mathbb {Y}

and a random variable taking values in space

X

\mathbb {X}

. We present general conditions for convergence in distribution for random variables

ξ
ε

(

ν
ε

)

\xi _\varepsilon (\nu _\varepsilon )

that is the conditions insuring holding of relation,

ξ
ε

(

ν
ε

)

⟶

d

ξ
0

(

ν
0

)

\xi _\varepsilon (\nu _\varepsilon ) \stackrel {\mathsf {d}}{\longrightarrow } \xi _0(\nu _0)

as

ε
→
0

\varepsilon \to 0

.
AlphaFold2-aware protein–DNA binding site prediction using graph transformer
Authors: Yuan Qianmu , Chen Sheng , Rao Jiahua , Zheng Shuangjia , Zhao Huiying , Yang Yuedong
Published: December 2021

Protein–DNA interactions play crucial roles in the biological systems, and identifying protein–DNA binding sites is the first step for mechanistic understanding of various biological activities (such as transcription and repair) and designing novel drugs. How to accurately identify DNA-binding residues from only protein sequence remains a challenging task. Currently, most existing sequence-based methods only consider contextual features of the sequential neighbors, which are limited to capture spatial information. Based on the recent breakthrough in protein structure prediction by AlphaFold2, we propose an accurate predictor, GraphSite, for identifying DNA-binding residues based on the structural models predicted by AlphaFold2. Here, we convert the binding site prediction problem into a graph node classification task and employ a transformer-based variant model to take the protein structural information into account. By leveraging predicted protein structures and graph transformer, GraphSite substantially improves over the latest sequence-based and structure-based methods. The algorithm is further confirmed on the independent test set of 181 proteins, where GraphSite surpasses the state-of-the-art structure-based method by 16.4% in area under the precision-recall curve and 11.2% in Matthews correlation coefficient, respectively. We provide the datasets, the predicted structures and the source codes along with the pre-trained models of GraphSite at https://github.com/biomed-AI/GraphSite. The GraphSite web server is freely available at https://biomed.nscc-gz.cn/apps/GraphSite.
RNAglib: a python package for RNA 2.5 D graphs
Authors: Mallet Vincent , Oliver Carlos , Broadbent Jonathan , Hamilton William L , Waldispühl Jérôme
Published: December 2021

RNA 3D architectures are stabilized by sophisticated networks of (non-canonical) base pair interactions, which can be conveniently encoded as multi-relational graphs and efficiently exploited by graph theoretical approaches and recent progresses in machine learning techniques. RNAglib is a library that eases the use of this representation, by providing clean data, methods to load it in machine learning pipelines and graph-based deep learning models suited for this representation. RNAglib also offers other utilities to model RNA with 2.5 D graphs, such as drawing tools, comparison functions or baseline performances on RNA applications.

Availability and implementation

The method is distributed as a pip package, RNAglib. Data are available in a repository and can be accessed on rnaglib's web page. The source code, data and documentation are available at https://rnaglib.cs.mcgill.ca.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Deep learning-based brain transcriptomic signatures associated with the neuropathological and clinical severity of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Wang Qi , Chen Kewei , Su Yi , Reiman Eric M. , Dudley Joel T. , Readhead Benjamin
Published: December 2021

Brain tissue gene expression from donors with and without Alzheimer’s disease has been used to help inform the molecular changes associated with the development and potential treatment of this disorder. Here, we use a deep learning method to analyse RNA-seq data from 1114 brain donors from the Accelerating Medicines Project for Alzheimer’s Disease consortium to characterize post-mortem brain transcriptome signatures associated with amyloid-β plaque, tau neurofibrillary tangles and clinical severity in multiple Alzheimer’s disease dementia populations. Starting from the cross-sectional data in the Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project cohort (n = 634), a deep learning framework was built to obtain a trajectory that mirrors Alzheimer’s disease progression. A severity index was defined to quantitatively measure the progression based on the trajectory. Network analysis was then carried out to identify key gene (index gene) modules present in the model underlying the progression. Within this data set, severity indexes were found to be very closely correlated with all Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology biomarkers (R ∼ 0.5, P < 1e−11) and global cognitive function (R = −0.68, P < 2.2e−16). We then applied the model to additional transcriptomic data sets from different brain regions (MAYO, n = 266; Mount Sinai Brain Bank, n = 214), and observed that the model remained significantly predictive (P < 1e−3) of neuropathology and clinical severity. The index genes that significantly contributed to the model were integrated with Alzheimer’s disease co-expression regulatory networks, resolving four discrete gene modules that are implicated in vascular and metabolic dysfunction in different cell types, respectively. Our work demonstrates the generalizability of this signature to frontal and temporal cortex measurements and additional brain donors with Alzheimer’s disease, other age-related neurological disorders and controls, and revealed that the transcriptomic network modules contribute to neuropathological and clinical disease severity. This study illustrates the promise of using deep learning methods to analyse heterogeneous omics data and discover potentially targetable molecular networks that can inform the development, treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease.
The Anti-Circumsporozoite Antibody Response of Children to Seasonal Vaccination With the RTS,S/AS01E Malaria Vaccine
Authors: Sagara Issaka , Zongo Issaka , Cairns Matthew , Yerbanga Rakiswendé Serge , Mahamar Almahamoudou , Nikièma Frédéric , Tapily Amadou , Sompougdou Frédéric , Diarra Modibo , Zoungrana Charles , Issiaka Djibrilla , Haro Alassane , Sanogo Koualy , Aziz Sienou Abdoul , Kaya Mahamadou , Traore Seydou , Thera Ismaila , Diarra Kalifa , Dolo Amagana , Kuepfer Irene , Snell Paul , Milligan Paul , Ockenhouse Christian , Ofori-Anyinam Opokua , Tinto Halidou , Djimde Abdoulaye , Ouedraogo Jean Bosco , Dicko Alassane , Chandramohan Daniel , Greenwood Brian
Published: December 2021

Background

A trial in African children showed that combining seasonal vaccination with the RTS,S/AS01E vaccine with seasonal malaria chemoprevention reduced the incidence of uncomplicated and severe malaria compared with either intervention given alone. Here, we report on the anti-circumsporozoite antibody response to seasonal RTS,S/AS01E vaccination in children in this trial.

Methods

Sera from a randomly selected subset of children collected before and 1 month after 3 priming doses of RTS,S/AS01E and before and 1 month after 2 seasonal booster doses were tested for anti-circumsporozoite antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The association between post-vaccination antibody titer and incidence of malaria was explored.

Results

A strong anti-circumsporozoite antibody response to 3 priming doses of RTS,S/AS01E was seen (geometric mean titer, 368.9 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay units/mL), but titers fell prior to the first booster dose. A strong antibody response to an annual, pre-malaria transmission season booster dose was observed, but this was lower than after the primary vaccination series and lower after the second than after the first booster dose (ratio of geometric mean rise, 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], .57–.77). Children whose antibody response was in the upper tercile post-vaccination had a lower incidence of malaria during the following year than children in the lowest tercile (hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% CI, .28–.66).

Conclusions

Seasonal vaccination with RTS,S/AS01E induced a strong booster antibody response that was lower after the second than after the first booster dose. The diminished antibody response to the second booster dose was not associated with diminished efficacy.

Clinical Trials Registration

NCT03143218.
Multimodal temporary mechanically circulatory assistance for primary graft dysfunction after heart transplantation: a case report
Authors: Immohr Moritz B , Lichtenberg Artur , Akhyari Payam , Boeken Udo
Published: December 2021

Background

Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) remains a serious complication after heart transplantation (HTx). Although there is no therapy available, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) may be a bailout strategy in selected cases. Especially in patients with severe biventricular failure, chances of survival remain poor.

Case summary

Here, we report a case of a 56-year-old patient suffering from severe PGD after HTx with biventricular failure (ejection fraction < 20%) who was successfully bridged to recovery of the donor graft by temporary multimodal mechanically circulatory assistance by combining both, VA-ECMO and a microaxial pump (Impella®, Abiomed, Inc., Danvers, MA, USA), a concept also referred as ECMELLA. During ECMELLA support, the patient experienced multiple severe thoracic bleeding complications with need for four re-thoracotomies and temporary open chest situation. Nevertheless, ventricular function recovered and the patient could be weaned from mechanical circulatory support after 12 days. During follow-up, the patient recovered and was successfully discharged. After the following rehabilitation, the patient now shows no persistent signs of heart failure with normal biventricular function of the cardiac graft.

Discussion

ECMELLA may offer a therapeutic option for patients with severe PGD after HTx. Special awareness and further studies addressing targeted anticoagulation strategies for patients on dual-mechanical support are needed to diminish the incidence of bleeding complications.
Identifying a therapeutic target for vancomycin against staphylococci in young infants
Authors: Gwee Amanda , Duffull Stephen B. , Daley Andrew J. , Lim Michelle , Germano Susie , Bilal Hajira , Hall Samantha , Curtis Nigel , Zhu Xiao
Published: December 2021

Objectives

To determine the therapeutic target of vancomycin in young infants with staphylococcal infections.

Methods

Retrospective data were collected for infants aged 0 to 90 days with CoNS or MRSA bacteraemia over a 4 year period at the Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Australia. Vancomycin broth microdilution MICs were determined. A published pharmacokinetic model was externally validated using the study dataset and a time-to-event (TTE) pharmacodynamic model developed to link the AUC of vancomycin with the event being the first negative blood culture. Simulations were performed to determine the trough vancomycin concentration that correlates with a 90% PTA of the target AUC24.

Results

Thirty infants, 28 with CoNS and 2 with MRSA bacteraemia, who had 165 vancomycin concentrations determined were included. The vancomycin broth microdilution MIC was determined for 24 CoNS and 1 MRSA isolate, both with a median MIC of 1 mg/L (CoNS range = 0.5–4.0). An AUC0–24 target of ≥300 mg/L·h or AUC24–48 of ≥424 mg/L·h. increased the chance of bacteriological cure by 7.8- and 7.3-fold, respectively. However, AUC0–24 performed best in the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model. This correlates with 24 to 48 h trough concentrations of >15–18 mg/L and >10–15 mg/L for 6- and 12-hourly dosing, respectively, and can be used to guide vancomycin therapy in this population.

Conclusions

An AUC0–24 ≥300 mg/L·h or AUC24–48 ≥424 mg/L·h was associated with an increase in bacteriological cure in young infants with staphylococcal bloodstream infections.
Evaluating the dose, indication and agreement with guidelines of antimicrobial use in companion animal practice with natural language processing
Authors: Hur Brian , Hardefeldt Laura Y. , Verspoor Karin M. , Baldwin Timothy , Gilkerson James R.
Published: December 2021

Background

As antimicrobial prescribers, veterinarians contribute to the emergence of MDR pathogens. Antimicrobial stewardship programmes are an effective means of reducing the rate of development of antimicrobial resistance. A key component of antimicrobial stewardship programmes is selecting an appropriate antimicrobial agent for the presenting complaint and using an appropriate dose rate for an appropriate duration.

Objectives

To describe antimicrobial usage, including dose, for common indications for antimicrobial use in companion animal practice.

Methods

Natural language processing (NLP) techniques were applied to extract and analyse clinical records.

Results

A total of 343 668 records for dogs and 109 719 records for cats administered systemic antimicrobials from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2017 were extracted from the database. The NLP algorithms extracted dose, duration of therapy and diagnosis completely for 133 046 (39%) of the records for dogs and 40 841 records for cats (37%). The remaining records were missing one or more of these elements in the clinical data. The most common reason for antimicrobial administration was skin disorders (n = 66 198, 25%) and traumatic injuries (n = 15 932, 19%) in dogs and cats, respectively. Dose was consistent with guideline recommendations in 73% of cases where complete clinical data were available.

Conclusions

Automated extraction using NLP methods is a powerful tool to evaluate large datasets and to enable veterinarians to describe the reasons that antimicrobials are administered. However, this can only be determined when the data presented in the clinical record are complete, which was not the case in most instances in this dataset. Most importantly, the dose administered varied and was often not consistent with guideline recommendations.
Biological Variation of Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA in Stable Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: Keller Michael , Mutebi Cedric , Shah Pali , Levine Deborah , Aryal Shambhu , Iacono Aldo , Timofte Irina , Mathew Joby , Varghese Anu , Giner Cassandra , Agbor-Enoh Sean
Published: December 2021

Background

Prior studies demonstrate that donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) in lung transplant recipients may serve as a marker of allograft injury for detecting allograft rejection and infection. Clinical interpretation of dd-cfDNA requires understanding its biological variation in stable lung transplant patients in order to identify abnormal results suggesting underlying allograft dysfunction. This study establishes the biological variation and reference change values (RCV) of dd-cfDNA in stable lung transplant recipients using an analytically validated assay with an established analytic coefficient of variation (CVA).

Methods

The AlloSure® assay, a targeted, sequencing-based approach, was used to measure plasma dd-cfDNA in a cohort of lung transplant patients at 4 centers that used dd-cfDNA to monitor for allograft dysfunction in preference to surveillance transbronchial biopsy. Patients with stable allograft function and ≥3 dd-cfDNA samples were included. Intraindividual coefficient of variation (CVI), interindividual CV (CVG), index of individuality (II) and the RCV were calculated.

Results

Thirty-five patients with a combined 124 dd-cfDNA samples were included in the final analysis. The median dd-cfDNA was 0.31% (interquartile range 0.18%-0.68%), the 97.5th percentile and 95th percentile were 1.3% and 1.0%, respectively. In 30 stable patients with an average of 3.7 tests, the CVI was 25%, CVG 53%, II 0.47, and RCV 70%.

Conclusion

In stable lung transplant patients, fluctuations in dd-cfDNA levels of up to 70% or levels less than 1% are within normal biological variation. With further validation, these thresholds may be incorporated into surveillance monitoring algorithms to identify potentially abnormal results indicating allograft dysfunction.
Bilateral cochlear implantation in a young patient with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP-D) and progressive sensorineural hearing loss—How to do it?
Authors: Woodun H , Woodun H , Vedachalam R Vetrivel , Fassihi H , Achar P
Published: December 2021

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), a rare genetic skin condition, causes ultraviolet (UV)-induced neoplasms and possible neurological deficits including sensorineural hearingloss.

We present the first case in literature of bilateral cochlear implantation (CI) in a patient with XP-D with neurodegeneration. Multi-disciplinary team members (national XP team, dermatologist, anaesthetist, theatre team, biophysicists) were involved. UV exposure from equipment and areas where the 14-year-old patient would track was measured. Maximum possible surgery was performed under operating headlights to limit higher-UV microscope exposure. Its bulb light intensity was reduced to achieve safe UV level (0–10 μW/cm2). Skin was protected under surgical drapes. Challenges included drilling unpredicted hard thick bone under low-intensity light and requiring bulkier Nucleus®-7 processor due to unanticipated increased scarring. A delayed left facial weakness was resolved with steroids. He is undergoing hearing rehabilitation.

This highlights challenges of CI in XP. Its impact in preserving cognition and on neurodegeneration should also be observed.
The impact of language in conflicts over urban coyotes
Authors: Draheim Megan M , Crate Susan A , Parsons E C M , Rockwood Larry L
Published: December 2021

Wildlife managers and others charged with resolving human-coyote conflict in urban and suburban areas cannot focus solely on ecology and coyote behavior. The perceptions of the people living in the affected communities play a significant role in the resolution of human-coyote conflict. In this study, we explore how residents of two communities in suburban Denver, CO, USA, mentally processed, made sense of, and acted upon human–coyote interactions in the face of conflict. By conducting interviews and using qualitative content analysis to explore existing documents, we examined how the use of language reflected and exacerbated the conflict over coyote management. Themes of violence, crime and war ran throughout our data. Anger and accusations of extremism were prevalent. Closely tied to the violent language and imagery used was a discussion of tolerance and intolerance, taking what is generally human-centric language and using it with wildlife. In addition, labeling coyotes as not belonging in an area (although they are a native species) further increased the urge to protect family and pets from the perception of the threat against ‘the other’, sometimes expressed in inflammatory language. Political and other messaging can either enhance or reduce a sense of threat, and we found that the language used in this debate enhanced the perceived threat of both coyotes and policy opponents. Finding ways to defuse this language could be a step toward a greater understanding of how to live with local wildlife in a way that minimizes harm to people and to the animals.
Regulation of heat shock proteins 70 and their role in plant immunity
Authors: Berka Miroslav , Kopecká Romana , Berková Veronika , Brzobohatý Břetislav , Černý Martin
Published: December 2021

Heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70s) are steadily gaining more attention in the field of plant biotic interactions. Though their regulation and activity in plants are much less well characterized than are those of their counterparts in mammals, accumulating evidence indicates that the role of HSP70-mediated defense mechanisms in plant cells is indispensable. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of HSP70 post-translational control in plants. We comment on the phytohormonal regulation of HSP70 expression and protein abundance, and identify a prominent role for cytokinin in HSP70 control. We outline HSP70s’ subcellular localizations, chaperone activity, and chaperone-mediated protein degradation. We focus on the role of HSP70s in plant pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity, and discuss the contribution of different HSP70 subfamilies to plant defense against pathogens.
Cardiovascular burden in systemic sclerosis: QRISK3 versus Framingham for risk estimation
Authors: Di Battista Marco , Barsotti Simone , Della Rossa Alessandra , Mosca Marta
Published: December 2021

Objectives

To compare two algorithms for cardiovascular (CV) risk estimation in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, investigating correlations with disease characteristics.

Methods

Traditional CV risk factors and SSc-specific characteristics were assessed in a cohort of SSc patients. Framingham and QRISK3 algorithms were used to estimate the risk of developing a CV disease over the next 10 years.

Results

Seventy-two SSc patients were enrolled. Among those 56 without previous CV events, Framingham reported a median risk score of 9.6%, classifying 24 (42.9%) subjects at high risk. QRISK3 showed a median risk score of 15.8%, with 36 (64.3%) patients considered at high risk. Both algorithms revealed a significant role of some traditional risk factors and a noteworthy potential protective role of endothelin receptor antagonists (p = .003). QRISK3 was also significantly influenced by some SSc-specific characteristics, such as limited cutaneous subset (p = .01), interstitial lung disease (p = .04), and non-ischemic heart involvement (p = .03), with the first two maintaining statistical significance in the multivariate analysis (p = .02).

Conclusions

QRISK3 classifies more SSc patients at high risk to develop CV diseases than Framingham, reflecting the influence of some SSc-specific characteristics. If its predictive accuracy were prospectively verified, the use of QRISK3 as a tool in the early detection of SSc patients at high CV risk should be recommended.
Centre variation in mortality following post-hospitalization acute kidney injury: analysis of a large national cohort
Authors: Peracha Javeria , Pitcher David , Santhakumaran Shalini , Steenkamp Retha , Fotheringham James , Day Jamie , Medcalf James F , Nitsch Dorothea , Lipkin Graham W , McKane William S
Published: December 2021

Background

Routine monitoring of outcomes for patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) is important to drive ongoing quality improvement in patient care. In this study we describe the development of a case mix-adjusted 30-day mortality indicator for patients with post-hospitalization AKI (PH-AKI) across England to facilitate identification of any unwarranted centre variation in outcomes.

Methods

We utilized a routinely collected national dataset of biochemically detected AKI cases linked with national hospitals administrative and mortality data. A total of 250 504 PH-AKI episodes were studied across 103 National Health Service hospital trusts between January 2017 and December 2018. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for each trust using logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, primary diagnosis, comorbidity score, AKI severity, month of AKI and admission method.

Results

The mean 30-day mortality rate was high, at 28.6%. SMRs for 23/103 trusts were classed as outliers, 12 above and 11 below the 95% confidence limits. Patients with PH-AKI had mortality rates >5 times higher than the overall hospitalized population in 90/136 diagnosis groups and >10 times higher in 60/136 groups. Presentation at trusts with a co-located specialist nephrology service was associated with a lower mortality risk, as was South Asian or Black ethnicity. Deprivation, however, was associated with higher mortality.

Conclusions

This is the largest multicentre analysis of mortality for patients with biochemically ascertained PH-AKI to date, demonstrating once again the considerable risk associated with developing even mild elevations in serum creatinine. Mortality rates varied considerably across centres and those identified as outliers will now need to carefully interrogate local care pathways to understand and address the reasons for this, with national policy required to tackle the identified health disparities.