bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of synergistic effect of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium lecacii on the mosquito Culex quinquefaciatus
Authors: Kataki Aditya Shankar , Baldini Francesco , Naorem Anjana Singha
Published: September 2024

Vector-borne diseases resulted into several cases of human morbidity and mortality over the years and among them is filariasis, caused by the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. Developing novel strategies for mosquito control without jeopardizing the environmental conditions has always been a topic of discussion and research. Integrated Vector Management (IVM) emphasizes a comprehensive approach and use of a range of strategies for vector control. Recent research evaluated the use of two entomopathogenic fungi; Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium lecanii in IVM, which can serve as potential organic insecticide for mosquito population control. However, their combined efficacy has not yet been evaluated against mosquito control in prior research and a gap of knowledge is still existing. So, this research was an attempt to bridge up the knowledge gap by (1) Assessing the combined efficacy of Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium lecanii on Culex quinquefasciatus (2) To investigate the sub-lethal concentration (LC50) of the combined fungal concentration and (3) To examine the post-mortem effects caused by the combined fungal concentration under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The larval pathogenicity assay was performed on 4th instar C. quinquefasciatus larvae. Individual processed fungal solution of B. bassiana and L. lecanii were procured and to test the combined efficacy, the two solutions were mixed in equal proportions. To evaluate the sub-lethal concentration (LC50), different concentrations of the combined fungal solution were prepared by serial dilations. The mortality was recorded after 24 hours for each concentration. Upon treatment and evaluation, The LC50 values of B. bassiana and L. lecanii were 0.25 x 104 spores/ml and 0.12 x 104 spores/ml respectively and the combined fungal concentration was 0.06 x 103 spores/ml. This clearly indicated that the combined efficacy of the fungi is more significant. Further, SEM analysis revealed morphological deformities and extensive body perforations upon combined fungal treatment. These findings suggested that combining the two fungi can be a more effective way in controlling the population of Culex quinquefasciatus.
Viral load suppression and HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in persons with HIV on TLD/TAFED in Zambia
Authors: Luwaya Emmanuel L. , Mwape Lackson , Bwalya Kaole , Siakabanze Chileleko , Hamooya Benson M. , Masenga Sepiso K.
Published: September 2024

Background

An increase in the prevalence of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) has been reported in recent years, especially in persons on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) due to their low genetic barrier to mutations. However, there is a paucity of epidemiological data quantifying HIVDR in the era of new drugs like dolutegravir (DTG) in sub-Saharan Africa. We, therefore, sought to determine the prevalence and correlates of viral load (VL) suppression in adult people with HIV (PWH) on a fixed-dose combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/lamivudine/dolutegravir (TLD) or tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine/dolutegravir (TAFED) and describe patterns of mutations in individuals failing treatment.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study among 384 adults living with HIV aged ≥15 years between 5thJune 2023 and 10thAugust 2023. Demographic, laboratory and clinical data were collected from electronic health records using a data collection form. Viral load suppression was defined as plasma HIV-1 RNA VL of <1000 copies/ml after being on ART for ≥ 6 months. SPSS version 22 to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were the statistical methods used.

Results

The median (interquartile range (IQR)) age was 22 (IQR 18, 38) years, and 66.1% (n = 254) were females. VL suppression was 90.4% (n = 347); (95% confidence interval (CI) 87.6%-93.6%) after switching to TLD/TAFED. Among the virally suppressed, the majority (67.1%, n = 233) were female. Those who missed ≥2 doses in the last 30 days prior to the most recent review were less likely to attain viral suppression compared to those who did not miss any dose (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.047; 95% CI 0.016–0.136; p<0.001). Four participants had resistance mutations to lamivudine and tenofovir. The most common NRTI mutations were M184MV and K65R while K101E was the most common NNRTI mutation.

Conclusion

Our findings show that viral suppression was high after switching to TLD/TAFED; but lower than the last 95% target of the UNAIDS. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy was a significant correlate of VL suppression. We, therefore, recommend prompt switching of PWH to TLD/TAFED regimen and close monitoring to enhance adherence to therapy.
Small for gestational age and age at menarche in a contemporary population-based U.S. sample
Authors: Sabu Sruchika , Corman Hope , Noonan Kelly , Reichman Nancy E. , Kuhn Kirsten B. , Radovick Sally
Published: September 2024

Children born small for gestational age (SGA) may be at risk for earlier puberty and adverse long-term health sequelae. This study investigates associations between SGA and age at menarche using secondary data on 1,027 female children in a population-based U.S. birth cohort that over-sampled non-marital births, which in the U.S. is a policy-relevant population. SGA was defined as <10th percentile of weight for gestational age compared to the national U.S. distribution. We estimated unadjusted and adjusted Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) models of associations between SGA and age at menarche in years, as well as unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models of associations between SGA and early menarche (before age 11). SGA was not significantly associated with earlier age at menarche, even when adjusting for maternal sociodemographic characteristics, prenatal smoking, and maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity. Similarly, SGA was not significantly associated with the odds of menarche occurring before age 11. However, maternal non-Hispanic Black race-ethnicity, Hispanic ethnicity, and pre-pregnancy obesity all had independent associations with average earlier age at menarche and menarche before age 11. Thus, maternal risk factors appear to play more influential roles in determining pubertal development.
Cost-effectiveness of pretreatment HIV drug resistance testing in people living with HIV in Iran
Authors: Mirzaei Hossein , Iranpour Abedin , Esmaeilzadeh Firooz , Barouni Mohsen , Mehrabi Fatemeh , Ranjbar Ebrahim , Sharifi Hamid
Published: September 2024

Introduction

HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) is an important challenge in the fight against HIV/AIDS and can threaten progress toward achieving the target of HIV elimination by 2030. Genotyping pretreatment HIVDR testing (DRT) has been proposed as a potential solution. However, the cost-effectiveness of this intervention needs to be evaluated to determine its feasibility and potential impact on healthcare systems. This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of DRT among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Iran.

Methods

1000 hypothetical PLHIV were simulated in terms of cost and effectiveness based on quality-adjusted life Years (QALY). The Markov Model was developed to calculate incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) using TreeAge Pro 2020. Deterministic and probabilistic analyses were performed for sensitivity analyses.

Results

Results showed that compared to not performing pretreatment HIVDR testing, this intervention gained 0.035999 QALY with an incremental cost of 1,695.32 USD. The ICER was calculated as 47,093.53 USD, indicating that pretreatment DRT was not cost-effective. The probability of opportunistic infection (OI) in people with viral failure, the effectiveness of Dolutegravir in people without drug resistance, and the quality of life (QoL) of people in the AIDS stage were found to be the most important variables affecting ICER. With an increasing willingness to pay more than 53,000 USD, pretreatment DRT testing will become cost-effective.

Conclusion

Based on our findings, pretreatment HIVDR testing is not currently cost-effective in Iran as it imposes high costs on healthcare systems with few benefits for People living with HIV (PLHIV). However, if resources are available, drug resistance testing can be a valuable tool in generating HIV molecular data and molecular surveillance of HIV.
Curcumin alleviates heatstroke-induced liver injury in dry-heat environments by inhibiting the expression of NF-κB, iNOS, and ICAM-1 in rats
Authors: Yang Xinyue , Xia Liang , Shen Caifu , Li Jiajia , Dong Xiang , Liu Jiangwei
Published: September 2024

we aimed to monitor liver injury in rat model during heat stress and heatstroke in dry-heat environment and investigate the effects of curcumin on heatstroke-induced liver injury and the underlying mechanisms. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal saline (NS), and 50 (50-cur), 100 (100-cur), and 200 mg/kg curcumin (200-cur) groups. They were administered the indicated doses of curcumin by gavage once daily for 7 days. On day 8, the rats were transferred to a simulated climate cabin, At 0, 50, 100, and 150 min, the core temperature (Tc) was measured respectively. After sacrificing the rats, tissue samples were collected, measure histology indices, serum enzymes, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), cytokines, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). The Tc increased with time in all groups. Curcumin alleviation of symptoms and improvement in pathological scores. The level of enzymes, LPS, and cytokines increased during heatstroke in the NS group, but curcumin decreased the levels of these indicators. The differences of the indicators between NS and 200-cur groups at 150 min were significant (P < 0.05). The expression of NF-κB p65, iNOS, and ICAM-1 was upregulated in the NS group at 150 min, but their expression was relatively lower in the curcumin groups (P < 0.05). Thus, our findings indicate acute liver injury during heat stress and heatstroke. The mechanism involves cascade-amplification inflammatory response induced by the gut endotoxin. Furthermore, curcumin alleviated heatstroke-induced liver injury in a dose-dependent manner by downregulating NF-κB, iNOS, and ICAM-1.
Steady-state detection of evaporation process based on multivariate data fusion
Authors: Qian Xiaoshan , Xu Lisha , Cui Xingli
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we introduce an innovative multivariable data fusion strategy for adaptive steady-state detection, specifically tailored for the alumina evaporation process. This approach is designed to counteract the production instabilities that often arise from frequent alterations in production conditions. At the core of our strategy is the application of an adaptive denoising algorithm based on the Gaussian filter, which adeptly eliminates erroneous data from selected variables without compromising the fidelity of the original signal. Subsequently, we implement a multivariable R-test methodology, integrated with the adaptive Gaussian filter, to conduct a thorough and precise steady-state detection via data fusion. The efficiency of this method is rigorously validated using actual data from industrial processes.Our findings reveal that this strategy markedly enhances the stability and efficiency (by 10%) of the alumina evaporation process, thereby offering a substantial contribution to the field. Moreover, the versatility of this approach suggests its potential applicability in a wide range of industrial settings, where similar production challenges prevail. This study not only advances the domain of process control but also underscores the significance of adaptive strategies in managing complex, variable-driven industrial operations.
Optimizing cabin air inlet velocities and personal risk assessment: Introducing the Personal Contamination Ratio (PCR) method for enhanced aircraft cabin infection risk evaluation
Authors: Tu Renquan , Shang Yidan , Li Xueren , He Fajiang , Tu Jiyuan
Published: September 2024

Recurrent epidemics of respiratory infections have drawn attention from the academic community and the general public in recent years. Aircraft plays a pivotal role in facilitating the cross-regional transmission of pathogens. In this study, we initially utilized an Airbus A320 model for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, subsequently validating the model’s efficacy in characterizing cabin airflow patterns through comparison with empirical data. Building upon this validated framework, we investigate the transport dynamics of droplets of varying sizes under three air supply velocities. The Euler-Lagrangian method is employed to meticulously track key parameters associated with droplet transport, enabling a comprehensive analysis of particle behavior within the cabin environment. This study integrates acquired data into a novel PCR (Personal Contamination Rate) equation to assess individual contamination rates. Numerical simulations demonstrate that increasing air supply velocity leads to enhanced stability in the movement of larger particles compared to smaller ones. Results show that the number of potential infections in the cabin decreases by 51.8% at the highest air supply velocity compared to the base air supply velocity, and the total exposure risk rate reduced by 26.4%. Thus, optimizing air supply velocity within a specific range effectively reduces the potential infection area. In contrast to previous research, this study provides a more comprehensive analysis of droplet movement dynamics across various particle sizes. We introduce an improved method for calculating the breathing zone, thereby enhancing droplet counting accuracy. These findings have significant implications for improving non-pharmacological public health interventions and optimizing cabin ventilation system design.
Analysis of the evolutionary process of traditional village spatial pattern: The case of Gaoyi village in Western Hunan, China
Authors: Deng Yunyuan , Zhou Wenlong , Fu Xiangxiang , Yao Yao
Published: September 2024

The examination of the characteristic law of traditional village transformation over time represents a vital nexus in cultural heritage preservation and the transmission of vernacular culture. Historical event points were used to augment village development information, facilitating the restoration of the village’s historical pattern. Geographical analysis methods, including Standard Deviation Ellipse Analysis (SDSEA), Nearest Neighbor Analysis (NNA), and Source-Destination Analysis (SDA), were employed to explore the characteristics of the village’s geographical center of gravity, changes in concentration and dispersion, and functional transfer. The stepwise progression of the village’s evolution was investigated, as well as the mechanism of residents’ behavior during the evolution process. The results reveal: 1) The spatial evolution of the settlement shows a trend of agglomeration. As time passes, the center of gravity of each functional space gradually converges, and the average distance between elements decreases, resulting in a shift from a dispersed to a clustered distribution. 2) The village space changes from simple to complex due to the conduct of the villagers. Residential behaviors promote the establishment of residential space and the development of public and commercial space. The usage, abandonment, and functional transitions that occur inside the space cause functional zones to nest with each other, resulting in a more intricate spatial structure. 3) Both the degree of change and the preservation of the village’s functional space show an increasing trend, indicating that the protection of the built space and the expansion of the unbuilt space occur simultaneously. This represents a developmental trend that is consistent with the social surroundings and the villagers’ ambitions.
Are children of key population individuals at higher risk of HIV than other children? Results from a multi-country analysis of routine program data
Authors: Casalini Caterina , Yeiser Sarah , Amanuel Hanna , Gottlieb Amy , Akolo Chris , Toovi Madje Koffivi , Gashobotse Dismas , Mabanza Pablo , Ogwang Bernard , Georges Sandra , Mack Natasha , Srivastava Meena
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Children of key population individuals (CPK) often face the same stigma and discrimination as their parents, limiting their access to HIV services. The Meeting Targets and Maintaining Epidemic Control project analyzed pediatric HIV testing data from project-supported sites to better understand risk among CKP and improve comprehensive prevention, testing, and treatment for KP families.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of routine program data collected October 1, 2021–September 30, 2022, in project-supported sites in Burundi, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, and Togo. We compared HIV case finding (defined as the percentage of children diagnosed with HIV among those who were tested) and treatment initiation (defined as the percentage of children diagnosed with HIV who were initiated on antiretroviral therapy) data for children <15 years disaggregated by index versus non-index testing and CKP versus children of non-KP individuals (non-CKP).

Results

A total of 5,651 children were tested (n = 2,974 index testing; n = 2,677 non-index testing). Of those diagnosed with HIV, 33% (181/541) were CKP, with case finding 17% (181 positive/1,070 tested) among CKP and 8% among non-CKP (360 positive/4,581 tested). Almost half of CKP diagnosed were ages 1–4 years. Among the 2,974 (53%) reached through index testing, overall case finding was higher among CKP (17%; 178 positive/1,052 tested) than non-CKP (11%; 219 positive/1,922 tested). Treatment initiation was 97% among CKP and 94% among non-CKP.

Discussion

CKP were identified primarily through index testing which, although considered a priority strategy to identify children at high risk, has not been widely used within KP family networks. Most CKP reached were children of female sex workers, but those of other KPs should also be prioritized.

Conclusions

KP-focused programs have often excluded children, but the case-finding approaches in the project’s KP programs were effective in reaching CKP. Comprehensive, family-centered KP programming is needed that includes family planning, prevention of vertical transmission, early infant diagnosis, and other maternal and child health services to reduce the impact of HIV on families and achieve an HIV-free generation.
A state-level history of opioid overdose deaths in the United States: 1999-2021
Authors: Kline David , Hepler Staci A. , Krawczyk Noa , Rivera-Aguirre Ariadne , Waller Lance A. , Cerdá Magdalena
Published: September 2024

We examined a natural history of opioid overdose deaths from 1999-2021 in the United States to describe state-level spatio-temporal heterogeneity in the waves of the epidemic. We obtained overdose death counts by state from 1999-2021, categorized as involving prescription opioids, heroin, synthetic opioids, or unspecified drugs. We developed a Bayesian multivariate multiple change point model to flexibly estimate the timing and magnitude of state-specific changes in death rates involving each drug type. We found substantial variability around the timing and severity of each wave across states. The first wave of prescription-involved deaths started between 1999 and 2005, the second wave of heroin-involved deaths started between 2010 and 2014, and the third wave of synthetic opioid-involved deaths started between 2014 and 2021. The severity of the second and third waves was greater in states in the eastern half of the country. Our study highlights state-level variation in the timing and severity of the waves of the opioid epidemic by presenting a 23-year natural history of opioid overdose mortality in the United States. While reinforcing the general notion of three waves, we find that states did not uniformly experience the impacts of each wave.
Personality trait structures across three species of Macaca, using survey ratings of responses to conspecifics and humans
Authors: Pritchard Alexander J. , Bliss-Moreau Eliza , Balasubramaniam Krishna N. , Capitanio John P. , Marty Pascal R. , Kaburu Stefano S. K. , Arlet Małgorzata E. , Beisner Brianne A. , McCowan Brenda
Published: September 2024

Comparative studies reliant on single personality surveys to rate wild primates are scarce yet remain critical for developing a holistic comparative understanding of personality. Differences in survey design, item exclusion, and factor selection impede cross-study comparisons. To address these challenges, we used consistently collected data to assess personality trait structures in wild rhesus (Macaca mulatta), bonnet (M. radiata), and long-tailed (M. fascicularis) macaques that varied in their degree of phylogenetic closeness, species-typical social styles, and anthropogenic exposure in urban or urban-rural environments. We administered 51-item personality surveys to familiar raters, and, after reliability and structure screenings, isolated 4–5 factor solutions among the species. Four consistent factors emerged: Confident, Sociable, Active, and Irritable/Equable. This latter factor had differential expression across species. Item composition of the Irritable/Equable factor was consistent with their anticipated differences in social styles, but confounded by cross-site anthropogenic variation. We also administered a 43-item survey confined to human-primate situations which paralleled our findings of social style variation, while also exhibiting variation that aligned with population differences in human density. Our findings indicate that macaque personality trait structures may be emergent outcomes of evolutionary and/or socioecological processes, but further research is needed to parse these processes’ relative contributions.
Predicting neutralization susceptibility to combination HIV-1 monoclonal broadly neutralizing antibody regimens
Authors: Williamson Brian D. , Wu Liana , Huang Yunda , Hudson Aaron , Gilbert Peter B.
Published: September 2024

Combination monoclonal broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are currently being developed for preventing HIV-1 acquisition. Recent work has focused on predicting in vitro neutralization potency of both individual bnAbs and combination regimens against HIV-1 pseudoviruses using Env sequence features. To predict in vitro combination regimen neutralization potency against a given HIV-1 pseudovirus, previous approaches have applied mathematical models to combine individual-bnAb neutralization and have predicted this combined neutralization value; we call this the combine-then-predict (CP) approach. However, prediction performance for some individual bnAbs has exceeded that for the combination, leading to another possibility: combining the individual-bnAb predicted values and using these to predict combination regimen neutralization; we call this the predict-then-combine (PC) approach. We explore both approaches in both simulated data and data from the Los Alamos National Laboratory’s Compile, Neutralize, and Tally NAb Panels repository. The CP approach is superior to the PC approach when the neutralization outcome of interest is binary (e.g., neutralization susceptibility, defined as inhibitory 80% concentration < 1 μg/mL). For continuous outcomes, the CP approach performs nearly as well as the PC approach when the individual-bnAb prediction algorithms have strong performance, and is superior to the PC approach when the individual-bnAb prediction algorithms have poor performance. This knowledge may be used when building prediction models for novel antibody combinations in the absence of in vitro neutralization data for the antibody combination; this, in turn, will aid in the evaluation and down-selection of these antibody combinations into prevention efficacy trials.
Research on feature selection for AC contactor vibration signals based on regularized random forest with recursive selection
Authors: Liu Shuxin , Qi Xinzhi , Xing Chaojian , Ming Xin , Lv Xianfeng
Published: September 2024

When conducting condition recognition research on AC contactor vibration signals through time-frequency analysis, the feature data exhibit a high degree of redundancy, which leads to repetitive information and hinders the accuracy of recognition. To address the redundancy issue in the features of AC contactor vibration signals, this study introduces a feature selection method based on Regularized Random Forest with Recursive Selection (RFRS). Initially, a test platform for AC contactor vibration signals was established, and time-frequency domain features of the AC contactor vibration signals were extracted. Subsequently, the traditional Random Forest (RF) was refined by optimizing its stopping criteria using the Recursive Feature Elimination approach and by incorporating a regularization coefficient during the splitting process to direct the split towards significant features. This modification not only enhances the Random Forest’s capacity to leverage existing information but also introduces a bias, enabling it to favor important features. Finally, through case analysis, the proposed method effectively reduced the dimensionality of the feature set and achieved an average of 87.37% for Recall, 87.41% for F1-Score, 88.38% for Precision, and 85.74% for Accuracy. The overall performance of this method surpasses that of the three mainstream feature selection methods: Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient method, the embedded method, and the filter method. This study thus provides a rather effective feature selection approach for the state recognition study of AC contactors.
Visual analysis of geographical distribution of poets in Song China based on Complete Song Poetry
Authors: Lei Enhai , Hu Xudong
Published: September 2024

This article analyzes the geographical distribution of poets in Song China based on Complete Song Poetry (Quansongshi全宋詩), which includes poems from over 9000 poets, with 6056 of them having clear native place. Visualization strategy is used to present the geographical distribution of these 6056 poets, and its formation factors are also analyzed. The results reveal that majority of the poets come from Zhejiang, Henan and Sichuan provinces, with Guangdong province also exceeding a hundred poets despite its remote location. In the central area of Ningbo, Luoyang and Meishan, there are also large distribution of the poets. Over time, the density of poets in the south increases while it decreases in the north, and this pattern becomes more pronounced as time progresses. By employing visualization strategy, we aim to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the geographical distribution of poets of Complete Song Poetry in Song Dynasty to reflect the cultural, economic, and political development of Song China.
Prehospital emergency anesthesia: A single-center retrospective analysis of guideline adherence and unexpected incidents
Authors: Beierle Syrina , Beierle Alexander , Rossaint Rolf , Beckers Stefan K. , Schröder Hanna , Felzen Marc
Published: September 2024

Although prehospital emergency anesthesia (PHEA), with a specific focus on intubation attempts, is frequently studied in prehospital emergency care, there is a gap in the knowledge on aspects related to adherence to PHEA guidelines. This study investigates adherence to the “Guidelines for Prehospital Emergency Anesthesia in Adults” with regard to the induction of PHEA, including the decision making, rapid sequence induction, preoxygenation, standard monitoring, intubation attempts, adverse events, and administration of appropriate medications and their side effects. This retrospective study examined PHEA interventions from 01/01/2020 to 12/31/2021 in the city of Aachen, Germany. The inclusion criteria were adult patients who met the indication criteria for the PHEA. Data were obtained from emergency medical protocols. A total of 127 patients were included in this study. All the patients met the PHEA indication criteria. Despite having a valid indication, 29 patients did not receive the PHEA. 98 patients were endotracheally intubated. For these patients, monitoring had conformed to the guidelines. The medications were used according to the guidelines. A significant increase in oxygen saturation was reported after anesthesia induction (p < 0.001). The patients were successfully intubated endotracheally on the third attempt. Guideline adherence was maintained in terms of execution of PHEA, rapid sequence induction, preoxygenation, monitoring, selection, and administration of relevant medications. Emergency physicians demonstrated the capacity to effectively respond to cardiorespiratory events. Further investigations are needed on the group of patients who did not receive PHEA despite meeting the criteria. The underlying causes of decision making in these cases need to be evaluated in the future.
Genetic insights into endurance athlete status: A meta-analysis of ACVR1B, AGT, FTO, IL-6, and NRF2 gene polymorphisms
Authors: İpekoğlu Gökhan , Ari Erdal , Aydoğdu Alpay , Korkmaz Furkan , Çelik Hülya , Öztürk Fatih , Acar Şeyma Tuba
Published: September 2024

The aim of this meta-analysis was to analyze allele and genotype pattern frequencies of five different gene polymorphisms associated with endurance athlete status. Endurance sports require prolonged physical performance, and it is well known that physiological and genetic characteristics play a prominent role in this performance. In recent years, research on the impact of genetic factors on endurance athlete status has been on the rise, suggesting that various gene polymorphisms may be associated with physical performance. Specifically, the gene polymorphisms, activin receptor type-1B (A9CVR1B) rs2854464, angiotensinogen (AGT) rs699, fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) rs9939609, interleukin-6 (IL-6) rs1800795, and nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NRF2) rs12594956, are thought to be related to endurance athlete status. Each of these genes plays a part in different biological processes, such as muscle development, energy metabolism, inflammation, and antioxidant defense mechanisms. For example, the NRF2 gene is a critical player in the regulation of cellular stress responses and may contribute to adaptive responses that enhance performance in endurance athletes. This meta-analysis included a total of 20 articles published between 2009 and 2023. The specific gene polymorphisms explored in this study, i.e., ACVR1B rs2854464, AGT rs699, FTO rs9939609, IL-6 rs1800795, and NRF2 rs12594956, were selected due to their reported associations with physical performance and endurance. A comprehensive search was conducted in the Web of Science and PubMed databases using specific keywords, preliminarily identifying 329 articles. Upon analysis of the abstracts, and full texts, 20 articles were deemed eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. Articles lacking control and endurance athlete groups or clear allele/genotype data were excluded. The findings indicated no significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies for ACVR1B, AGT, FTO, and IL-6 gene polymorphisms between endurance athletes and control groups. However, the NRF2 rs12594956 gene polymorphism showed a significantly higher frequency of the major allele (A) and the AA genotype in endurance athletes than in controls. In conclusion, the NRF2 rs12594956 polymorphism may be a genetic variant of interest in determining the status of endurance athletes. These findings highlight the potential clinical implications for genetic screening and personalized training programs in sport genetics. More extensive studies with larger cohorts are needed to further confirm these associations.
Discurso racial en la publicidad televisiva chilena: “cuando pequeño era rubio”
Authors: Díaz Herrera Claudio , Navarro-Conticello José
Published: September 2024

Desde el discurso y sociología de la imagen, el objetivo es analizar la racialización de la publicidad televisiva chilena en horario de máxima audiencia, en la que, a pesar de similitudes con países vecinos, la discursividad expresada por el medio chileno se ha impregnado de una supuesta superioridad blanca, estatus y racialidad. El estudio posee un enfoque cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo con un diseño etnográfico. El análisis fue comprensivo a través de una muestra por oportunidad, para el cual se consideraron publicidades de cuatro canales de televisión abierta en horario de alta audiencia. Según los resultados, la publicidad en Chile, en términos discursivos, consolida una distinción que asocia personas blancas con valores positivos. Por otro lado, emergen tres categorías en la distinción afrodescendiente/mestiza: periférica, foránea y postura alternativa/reformista.
Can We Teach Physics for Epistemic Justice
Authors: Galamba Arthur
Published: September 2024

This article critically examines the intersection between philosophical perspectives and pedagogical practices in promoting epistemic justice within physics education. It addresses the historical context of science education movements and their impact on social equity, highlighting the persistent underrepresentation of marginalized groups in the sciences. By exploring the concepts of realism and relativism in the philosophy of science, this work discusses the challenges of integrating diverse epistemologies into physics education. It advocates for a multifaceted approach, emphasizing critical pedagogy and the inclusion of multicultural and multi-ethnic perspectives to foster a more equitable and inclusive physics curriculum. It argues that transforming physics education through ethnic-racial solidarity can enrich the discipline without falling into the relativist discourse. This document draws on the critical literature to exemplify how physics education and other physics communities can promote ethnic-racial solidarity. Through this approach, educators can create inclusive learning environments that empower students to engage critically with scientific knowledge and contribute to a more just and diverse future in physics education and practice.
Pozitivní reprezentace muslimů v Kastilii 13. století
Authors: De Pablo David
Published: September 2024

Reprezentace muslimů ve středověké Kastilii byly obvykle interpretovány v pejorativním smyslu, kdy křesťané označovali druhé za méněcenné nebo negativní (špatné, hříšné atd.). V tomto konkrétním případě však prameny ze 13. století ukazují, že - ačkoli méně často - existovaly i pozitivní reprezentace muslimů, obývajících Pyrenejský poloostrov. Tato studie se zabývá vznikem, účelem a časovými aspekty reprezentací. Zkoumá pozitivní uplatnění těchto reprezentací a především zkoumá, jak jsou artikulovány v širším reprezentačním rámci „jiného“. Tato analýza přispívá k teoretickým diskusím o jinakosti a konkrétně se zabývá otázkou, zda projevování se „jiného“ vůči „já“ vede k potenciální ztrátě alterity.
Nádory v dějinném a kulturním kontextu v 18. a 19. století
Authors: Hrudka Jan
Published: September 2024

Článek sleduje vývoj lékařského paradigmatu od starověkého modelu humorální patologie, který interpretuje nemoci jako nerovnováhu tělesných šťáv, k patologické anatomii a experimentální fyziologii. V patologicko-anatomickém přístupu přestávají být vnitřní orgány pacienta pouhými „projekčními plátny“ nemoci a stávají se skutečnými „místy“ nemoci. To znamená posun od humoralismu k lokalismu nebo ontologismu, kdy nemoc již není vnímána pouze jako abnormální množství přirozených šťáv, ale jako samostatná entita sama o sobě. V 18. století se patologická anatomie stala samostatným oborem, který nahradil starobylé pojetí nádorů jako koagulací černé žluči. K dalšímu pokroku došlo v 19. století spolu s příchodem buněčné teorie, která pojímala nádory jako masy nadměrně se dělících buněk, které vzdorují regulačním mechanismům organismu a zároveň jsou jím stále vyživovány, obvykle ke škodě organismu a jeho smrti. Studie se zaměřuje na práce vybraných německy a anglicky píšících lékařů 18. a převážně 19. století. V závěru text identifikuje dva hlavní důvody pro chápání nádorů jako samostatných parazitických entit. Prvním důvodem je systematické pěstování patologické anatomie v pitevnách spolu s rozvojem světelné mikroskopie a histologického výzkumu. Druhý důvod spočívá ve společenských proměnách v Evropě 19. století, kde se absolutistické státy vyvinuly do občanských společností, což podpořilo pojetí organismu jako „buněčného státu“ – souboru jednotek vedoucích individuální i kolektivní život. Aplikace tohoto pojetí na nádory je patrná v dějinách 19., 20. i 21. století.
Opinions of Visually Impaired Students About the Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Higher Education in Terms Of Academic and Social Adaptations
Authors: Piştav Akmeşe Pelin , Kışla Tarık , Kayhan Nilay
Published: September 2024

This study aims to examine the opinions of visually impaired students who continue higher education about the use of information and communication technologies in higher education institutions where they continue their education. Embedded single case design, one of the qualitative research designs, was used in the study. The students who continue higher education in the state or foundation universities in different regions and provinces of Turkey were chosen based on the voluntary participation principle using the purposive sampling method. 30 visually impaired undergraduate students who received education in the 2019-2020 fall-spring and 2020-2021 fall terms and were volunteers to participate in the study form the participant group of the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted online or on the telephone with the participants. The data obtained were analyzed using the content analysis. The findings obtained in the study are "Legal regulations, monitoring, and assessment, Full participation based on the right to education, Accessibility, Technology use based on the universal design, Effective communication and coordination" main themes. Including technological features that make life easier and more accessible will contribute to the fulfillment of roles and responsibilities expected from individuals in professional life as required by age.
The Effect of Online Learning Format, Online Learning Readiness and Self-directed Learning with Technology on Achievement and Perceived Learning
Authors: Kılınç Şule , Demir Kaymak Zeliha
Published: September 2024

This study aims to examine the effects of different online learning formats on academic achievement and perceived learning. Another aim of the study is to examine the effects of online learning formats, online learning readiness and self-directed learning with technology on achievement and perceived learning. In the study, a quasi-experimental design was used. Two groups were involved in the study. While hybrid (synchronous and asynchronous) online applications were applied in the first experimental group, asynchronous online applications were applied in the second experimental group. The participants of this study are 73 students who are enrolled in the “Open and Distance Learning” course, which is one of the common elective courses of the faculty of education. To analyze the data, independent sample t-tests, Pearson correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were used. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that there was a significant difference in achievement according to the online learning format used and that the achievement scores of the students were higher in the asynchronous online learning format. When the perceived learning of the students was analyzed according to the online learning format used in the study, it was concluded that there was no significant difference. As a result of the hierarchical regression analysis, it was seen that the online learning format used in the study (hybrid or asynchronous) was a predictor of academic achievement. Finally, it was concluded that the online learning method and self-directed learning with technology variables did not significantly predict perceived learning, but online learning readiness was a significant predictor of perceived learning.
Pre-service Teachers’ Hope about Climate Change: Do Gender and Major Make a Difference?
Authors: Kahraman Sakip
Published: September 2024

The scope of the research was two-fold: (1) to determine climate change hope of pre-service teachers enrolled in three majors; (2) to investigate the effect of major and gender on their hope about climate change. The data of the study, which followed the survey method, were gathered utilizing the “Climate Change Hope Scale - CCHS”. First, the data from 336 pre-service teachers were used to assess whether the Turkish version of the CCHS was valid and reliable. The results indicated that it could be used as a valid instrument to measure pre-service teachers’ hope about climate change. The reliability coefficient was found to be .82. The CCHS was then administered to 859 pre-service teachers enrolled at different universities in Turkey. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and contrast command. A statistically significant difference in climate change hope between female and male pre-service teachers enrolled in science education was found, in favor of females. However, simple effects in the other majors were not significant, indicating that for pre-service teachers enrolled in both primary school education and pre-school education, females and males had similar climate change hope scores.
Evaluation of Impact of the High School Entrance Exam on Students and Parents According to Meaningful Evaluation Model
Authors: Babacan Tuğba
Published: September 2024

This study aims to examine the experiences of 8th-grade students and their parents regarding the HSEE process within the framework of a Meaningful Evaluation Model. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with a total of 12 participants, comprising six students and their parents, selected through criterion sampling in Denizli. The research is based on a phenomenological design, and the data were analyzed using inductive analysis. The findings reveal that the accountability associated with exam-based performance has fostered a competitive mindset and individualism that is highly prominent in the family and social environment. In this context, it has been observed that children tend to adopt more selfish, isolated, and aggressive roles and behaviors, while parents are undergoing a transformation towards being more controller, prohibitive, threatening, criticizer, and supportive. Additionally, it has been concluded that the participants did not allocate enough time to activities that would contribute to meaningful wholeness in the process.
Uncertain Commitment Power in a Durable Good Monopoly
Authors: Seres Gyula
Published: September 2024

This paper considers dynamic pricing strategies in a durable good monopoly model with uncertain commitment power to set price paths. The type of monopolist is private information of the firm and not observable to consumers. If commitment to future prices is not possible, the initial price is high in equilibrium, but the firm falls prey to the Coase conjecture later to capture the residual demand. The relative price cut is increasing in the probability of commitment as buyers anticipate that a steady price is likely and purchase early. Pooling in prices may occur for perpetuity if commitment is sufficiently weak.
Reverse Factoring Schemes and Their Implications for the Fairness of Supply-Chain Relations in the European Union. Current Issues and Potential Solutions from a Comparative Perspective
Authors: Sabatino Gianmatteo
Published: September 2024

The manuscript discusses the evolution and some relevant legal issues pertaining to the legal figure of reverse factoring, focusing, in particular, on the European context. In the first place, while developing a comparative analysis of some important national regulatory settings, the paper aims to investigate how different contract laws, through the combination of general principles and special provisions, attempt to address critical issues and potential abuses connected to the use of reverse factoring schemes, such as, most notably, the coercion of parties into entering such schemes. On the other hand, the elements drawn from the comparative analysis are meant to be framed within the dimension of EU law, in order to reconstruct potential regulatory hypotheses and solutions at the EU level, also in the light of fairness concerns which, in the EU internal market and especially from the side of Small and Medium Enterprises, arise from the widespread use of reverse factoring, mostly revolving around exploitation of small-sized suppliers by powerful buyers.
Crystal structure of 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl (R)-2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propanoate, C21H18ClFO3
Authors: Chen Guohua
Published: September 2024

C21H18ClFO3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 34.657(5) Å, b = 6.0214(8) Å, c = 8.2301(11) Å, β = 93.883(5)°, V = 1713.5(4) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0683, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1435, T = 205(2) K.
The crystal structure of 4-(4-phenyl-5-(((1-(2,4,6-tribromophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)thio)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyridine, C22H14Br3N7S
Authors: Al-Sa’doni Haitham , El-Naggar Mohamed , Shehadi Ihsan A. , Hasan Kamrul , Khanfar Monther A.
Published: September 2024

C22H14Br3N7S, H2O, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.9098(17) Å, b = 9.422(2) Å, c = 15.702(4) Å, α = 86.453(9)°, β = 78.382(7)°, γ = 69.477(7)°, V = 1209.1(5) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt
(F) = 0.0315, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0802, T = 100(2) K.
Reconciling Contradictory Archaeological Survey Data: A Case Study from Central Crete, Greece
Authors: Drillat Quentin
Published: September 2024

Rescue archaeology in urban contexts often opens small windows on ancient settlements that need to be combined to better perceive the history of these settlements. This article suggests that the same combinatory approach should be employed with survey data. Indeed, archaeological surveys can split single ancient settlements into multiple archaeological sites due to visibility changes. It implies that the perception we have of legacy datasets must change: errors in location data might occur in older, and especially pre-GPS, survey datasets, but the fact that more recent projects have not been able to find sites on the exact same spots might also be related to changes in visibility windows. Using a case study from central Crete, Greece, where two survey projects were conducted in the same area, this article suggests that the variability in location data of sites recorded during survey projects can provide new insights into settlement patterns and dynamics. Notably, evidence of grouped settlements is found, including for periods such as Late Minoan II and Late Minoan III C, previously known for a strong decrease in large settlements’ occupation.
A linear algorithm for obtaining the Laplacian eigenvalues of a cograph
Authors: Chen Guantao , Tura Fernando C.
Published: September 2024

In this article, we give an

O

(

n

)

O\left(n)

time and space algorithm for obtaining the Laplacian eigenvalues of a cograph. This approach is more efficient as there is no need to directly compute the eigenvalues of Laplacian matrix related to this class of graphs. As an application, we use this algorithm as a tool for obtaining a closed formula for the number of spanning trees of a cograph.