bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of a Roy/Search/Compensating Differential Model of the Labor Market
Authors: Taber Christopher , Vejlin Rune
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we develop a model that captures key components of the Roy model, a search model, compensating differentials, and human capital accumulation on‐the‐job. We establish which components of the model can be non‐parametrically identified and which ones cannot. We estimate the model and use it to assess the relative contribution of the different factors for overall wage inequality. We find that variation in premarket skills (the key feature of the Roy model) is the most important component to account for the majority of wage variation. We also demonstrate that there is substantial interaction between the other components, most notably, that the importance of the job match obtained by search frictions varies from around 4% to around 29%, depending on how we account for other components. Inequality due to preferences for non‐pecuniary aspects of the job (which leads to compensating differentials) and search are both very important for explaining other features of the data. Search is important for turnover, but so are preferences for non‐pecuniary aspects of jobs as one‐third of all choices between two jobs would have resulted in a different outcome if the worker only cared about wages.
Understanding Doctor Decision Making: The Case of Depression Treatment
Authors: Currie Janet M. , MacLeod W. Bentley
Published: May 2020

Treatment for depression is complex, requiring decisions that may involve trade‐offs between exploiting treatments with the highest expected value and experimenting with treatments with higher possible payoffs. Using patient claims data, we show that among skilled doctors, using a broader portfolio of drugs predicts better patient outcomes, except in cases where doctors' decisions violate loose professional guidelines. We introduce a behavioral model of decision making guided by our empirical observations. The model's novel feature is that the trade‐off between exploitation and experimentation depends on the doctor's diagnostic skill. The model predicts that higher diagnostic skill leads to greater diversity in drug choice and better matching of drugs to patients even among doctors with the same initial beliefs regarding drug effectiveness. Consistent with the finding that guideline violations predict poorer patient outcomes, simulations of the model suggest that increasing the number of possible drug choices can lower performance.
Presence of N-acetylneuraminic acid in the lung during postnatal development
Authors: Martins Maria de Fátima , Freitas Marco S. , Honório-Ferreira Ana , Gonçalves Carlos Alberto
Published: May 2020

Sialic acids, particularly N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), are present as terminal components of rich and complex oligosaccharide chains, which are termed glycans, and are exhibited on the cell surfaces, especially on epithelial cells. Crucial in the ‘social behavior’ of the cell, sialic acids play vital roles in many physiological and pathological phenomena. The aim of the present study was to separate, identify, and quantify Neu5Ac in purified lung membranes from 4-, 14-, and 21-day-old animals, followed by the statistical analysis of these results with our previously reported data (0-day-old and adult results). Complementary, ultrastructural methodologies were used. The differences in the Neu5Ac values obtained across the examined postnatal-lung development relevant ages studied were found to be statistically significant. A substantial increase in the mean level of this compound was found during the period of ‘bulk’ alveolarization, which takes place from postnatal day 4 to 14 (P4-P14). The comparison of the mean levels of Neu5Ac, during microvascular maturation (mainly between P12 and P21), reveals that the difference, although statistically significant, is the least significant difference among all the pair-wise differences between the developmental stages. The presence of sub-terminal N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)/Galactose (Gal) residues with terminal sialic acids on the bronchioloalveolar cell surfaces was confirmed using lung ultra-thin sections of adult and 0-day-old animals. These results showed that, although Neu5Ac levels increase throughout postnatal lung development, this sialic acid was substantially added to epithelial cell surfaces during the “bulk” alveolarization period, while its presence was less important during the microvascular maturation period. Bearing in mind that sialic acids are negatively charged and create charge repulsions between adjacent cells, we hypothesized that they can substantially contribute to postnatal alveolar formation and maturation.
Cloud Storage Drive Forensics
Authors: Rawat Himani
Published: May 2020

Data Storage is recently an emerging concern of this era. As the data is increasing day-by-day, storage has become a major issue. Although, there exists different kinds of storage mechanisms which include physical storage drives, cloud storages,Hybrid Storages & In-memory storages. But Cloud Storage application such as One Drive, Dropbox and Google Drive are more convenient as data is not limited to a fixed size. One Drive is one of the most popular storage drive. One Drive is a Cloud Storage Application which allows user to store, share and edit the file in the cloud based environment.
Federal Agencies Can Get Your iPhone Data without Apple’s Help
Authors: Gubanov Yuri
Published: May 2020

Engineers at Belkasoft, leading digital forensic tools developer, recently implemented advanced and far-reaching data acquisition capabilities in the latest Belkasoft Evidence Center release. The new functions in this product allow for forensic extraction of data from the vast majority of iOS devices based on the new checkm8 exploit.
Forensic investigators traditionally find it difficult to extract data from Apple iOS devices-consisting of iPhones, iPads, and iPods-because such devices do not provide access to their file systems. The new checkm8 exploit is set to be a game changer!
The Conceivability And Admissibility Of Forensic Evidence from IoT Devices in Digital Forensics
Authors: Tilekar Tanmayee
Published: May 2020

This article focuses on the prospects of IoT devices held by the users for their personal usages or in Workspace Mobility or Smart Home Solutions. IoT devices are now burgeoning its capability with the incorporation of Artificial Intelligence, Edge AI, RPA(Robotic Process Automation), AutoML, ARVR and NLP( Natural Language Processing). There are many superfluous IoT Devices and Industry 4.0 based Solutions in the market with great features in use such as Google Home Mini, Google Home Voice Controller, Amazon Echo plus Voice Controller, Kuri Mobile Robot, August Smart Lock than the others. These devices record, store or sometimes transmit the user inputs plus activities and it is unclear to what extent they record and store at each instance. There are countable instances of news and Forensic Use Cases from different parts of the globe which enlighten statements where The Court of Law has demanded the data recorded by the IoT devices as Digital Evidences to complete IOT Crimes Investigations.
IDENTIFIKASI DRPs (DRUG RELATED PROBLEMs) PENDERITA ISPA PASIEN PEDIATRIK DI INSTALASI FARMASI RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Musdalipah Musdalipah , Nurhikma Eny , Sartika Sartika
Published: May 2020

ABSTRAK

Drug Related Problem (DRP) atau masalah terkait obat adalah bagian dari asuhan kefarmasian (parmaceutical care) yang menggambarkan suatu keadaan, dimana profesional kesehatan (apoteker) menilai adanya ketidaksesuaian pengobatan dalam mencapai terapi yang sesungguhnya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi DRPs penderita ISPA (Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut) di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit kota Kendari dengan kategori polifarmasi, interaksi obat dan interval dosis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional, sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah resep pasien pediatrik yang menderita ISPA. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode acak sederhana. Data diolah secara deskriptif dan di jabarkan dalam bentuk narasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan identifikasi DRPs (Drug Related Problems) dari 30 pasien penderita ISPA di temukan 11 (36,66%) pasien (43,33%) mengalami DRPs kategori polifarmasi, dan 4 pasien (13,33%) mengalami DRPs kategori interval dosis dan tidak di temukan DPRs kategori interaksi obat.

Kata Kunci     : DRPs, Peresepan, ISPA, Pediatrik

 

ABSTRACT

Drug Related Problem (DRP) is a part of pharmaceutical care that describes a situation in which the health professional (pharmacist) assesses a treatment discrepancy in achieving actual therapy. The purpose of this research was identification patient of ISPA (Acute Respiratory Infection) at Pharmacy Installation of Kendari Hospital with Polifarmacy category, drug interaction and dose interval. This research uses descriptive method with Cross Sectional approach, the sample in this research is recipe of pediatric patient suffering from ARI. Sampling using simple random method. Data is processed descriptively and described in the form of narration. The results of this study indicate that based on the identification of DRPs (Drug Related Problems) it can be concluded that from 30 patients with respiratory infection found 11 patients (36.66%) experienced DRPs polifarmation category, and 4 patients (13.33%) experienced DRPs category interval Dose and not found DPRs drug interaction category.

Keywords : DRPs, Prescribing, ISPA, Child
Analisis Tingkat Kepatuhan Pasien Hipertensi Dalam Minum Obat Di RSUD Kota Kendari
Authors: Fauziah Yulianti , Musdalipah Musdalipah , Rahmawati Rahmawati
Published: May 2020

Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit kronis yang tidak dapat disembuhkan, namun dapat dikontrol dan membutuhkan pengobatan jangka panjang bahkan seumur hidup, ketidakpatuhan terhadap terapi hipertensi merupakan faktor yang menghambat pengontrolan tekanan darah pasien sehingga membutuhkan  intervensi untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan terapi. Kepatuhan dalam pengobatan dapat diartikan sebagai perilaku pasien mentaati semua nasehat dan petunjuk yang dianjurkan oleh tenaga medis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat kepatuhan minum obat pasien hipertensi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Kendari. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling, dimana semua populasi yang datang dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi dimasukkan sebagai sampel dalam penelitian. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengisian lembar kuesioner Medication Taking Scale (MTS). Penelitian dilakukan pada periode Juni–Juli 2019. Analisis data menggunakan SPSS 20. Hasil analisis penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 43 pasien tingkat tingkat Kepatuhan minum obat pasien hipertensi dengan kategori “tinggi” lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan tingkat kepatuhan dengan kategori “sedang” dan kategori “rendah”. Kepatuhan dengan kategori “tinggi” sebesar 44,2%, kategori “sedang” sebesar 37,2% dan kategori “rendah” sebesar 18,6%.

 

Kata Kunci: Tingkat Kepatuhan, Hipertensi, Rumah Sakit

 

ABSTRACT

Hypertension is one of the chronic diseases that can not be cured, but can only be in control for a long time even a lifetime, noncompliance to the treatment of hypertension is a factor that inhibits control blood pressure patients that needs to increase adherence to therapy. Compliance in treatment can be interpreted as the patient's behavior to obey all the advice and instructions recommended by medical personnel. The purpose of this research was to analyze the level of adherence to taking medication for hypertensive patients in The Public Hospital in Kendari City. This research used an observational method with sampling was using a consecutive sampling technique, where all populations came and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included as samples in the study. Data collection was carried out by filling out a questionnaire of the compliance Medication Taking Scale (MTS). The research was carried out in the period of June-July 2019. The results of the questionnaires obtained were then collected and processed data using SPSS 20. The results of research analysis showed that from 43 people's the level of adherence to taking medication with the category "high " is more than the level of adherence with the category "medium" and the level of adherence with the category level "low". category "high" of 44,2% category "medium" of 37,2% and the category "low" by 18,6%.

 Keywords: The level of Adherence, Hypertension, The Hospital
Formulasi Sediaan Sabun Padat Ekstrak Daun Lamun (Thalassia hemprichii)
Authors: Rusli Nirwati , Nurhikma Eny , Sari Elma Puspita
Published: May 2020

Lamun (Thalassia hemprichii) merupakan tanaman utama dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan kecantikan, obat, dan bidang farmasi. yang memiliki kandungan alkaloid, flavonoid tanin dan fenol. yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus  aureus. Aktifitas ini lebih efektif dibuat dalam sediaan sabun. Sabunyang dapat membunuh bakteri dikenal dengan sabun antiseptik. dengan menggunakan ekstrak daun lamun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak daun lamun dapat di formulasikan sabun mandi padat dan Untuk mengetahui konsentrasi dari ekstrak daun lamun (Thalassiahemprichi) yang memenuhi syarat evaluasi fisik dan uji stabilitas sediaan sabun padat. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah eksperimen dengan membuat sediaan sabun padat. Daun lamun di ekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Ekstrak yang diperoleh kemudian dibuat sediaan sabun padat dengan konsentrasi ekstrak daun lamun sebesar 15% (FA), 25% (FB), 35% (FC). Formulasi di uji secara evaluasi fisik pada suhu kamar dan cycling test. Evaluasi sediaan meliputi organoleptik, pH sediaan, homogenitas, cycling test dan waktu ruang.   Hasil evaluasi fisik sediaan sabun padat ekstrak daun lamun yang dilakukan selama 4 minggu menunjukkan ketiga formula yang dibuat memenuhi syarat evaluasi fisik sediaan,yaitu formula C karena memiliki bentukya padat.

Kata kunci : Ekstrak daun lamun, Sabun Padat, evaluasi fisik dan uji stabiilitas sediaan.

 

ABSTRACT

 

Seagrass (Thalassia hemprichii) is the main plant used as a beauty ingredient, medicine, and pharmaceutical field. which contains alkaloids, tannin flavonoids and phenols. which can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This activity is more effectively made in soap preparations. Soaps that can kill bacteria are known as antiseptic soaps. by using seagrass leaf extract. The purpose of this study is to find out whether seagrass leaf extracts can be formulated in solid soap and to determine the concentration of seagrass leaf extracts (Thalassia hemprichi) that meet the physical evaluation and stability tests of solid soap preparations. The type of research conducted was an experiment by making solid soap preparations. Seagrass leaves were extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. The extract obtained was then made into a solid soap preparation with a concentration of seagrass extract at 15% (FA), 25% (FB), 35% (FC). The formulation was tested by physical evaluation at room temperature and by cycling test. Evaluation of preparations includes organoleptic, dosage pH, homogeneity, cycling tests and time space. The results of physical evaluation of seagrass leaf extract solid soap which was carried out for 4 weeks showed that the three formulas that were made met the physical evaluation requirements of the preparation, namely formula C because it has a solid form.

Keywords: Seagrass leaves extract, Solid Soap, physical evaluation and stabiility test preparations.
TomoSim: a tomographic simulator for DOAS
Authors: Valente de Almeida Rui , Matela Nuno , Vieira Pedro
Published: May 2020

Abstract. TomoSim comes as part of project ATMOS, a miniaturised DOAS tomographic atmospheric evaluation device, designed to fit a small drone. During the development of the project, it became necessary to write a simulation tool for system validation. TomoSim is the answer to this problem. The software has two main goals: to mathematically validate the tomographic acquisition method; and to allow some adjustments to the system before reaching final product stages. This measurement strategy was based on a drone performing a sequential trajectory and gathering projections arranged in fan beams, before using some classical tomographic methods to reconstruct a spectral image. The team tested three different reconstruction algorithms, all of which were able to produce an image, validating the team's initial assumptions regarding the trajectory and acquisition strategy. All algorithms were assessed on their computational performance and their ability for reconstructing spectral images, using two phantoms, one of which custom made for this purpose. In the end, the team was also able to uncover certain limitations of the TomoSim approach that should be addressed before the final stages of the system.
A satellite-derived database for stand-replacing windthrows in boreal forests of the European Russia in 1986–2017
Authors: Shikhov Andrey N. , Chernokulsky Alexander V. , Azhigov Igor O. , Semakina Anastasia V.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Severe winds are among the main causes of natural disturbances in boreal and temperate forests. Here, we present a new GIS database of stand-replacing windthrows in the forest zone of the European Russia (ER) for the 1986–2017 period. Delineation of windthrows was based on the full archive of Landsat images and two Landsat-derived products on forest cover change, namely the Global Forest Change and the Eastern’ Europe Forest Cover Change datasets. Subsequent verification and analysis of each windthrow was carried out to determine a type of related storm event, its date or date range, and geometrical characteristics. The database contains 102 747 elementary areas of damaged forest that were combined into 700 windthrows caused by 486 convective or non-convective storm events. The database includes stand-replacing windthrows only, which an area > 5 ha and > 25 ha for events caused by tornadoes and other storms, respectively. Additional information contained weather station reports and event description from media sources is also provided. The total area of windthrows amounts to 2966 km2, that is 0.19 % of the forested area of the study region. Convective windstorms contribute 82.5 % to total wind-damaged area, while tornadoes and non-convective windstorms are responsible for 12.9 % and 4.6 % of this area, respectively. Most of windthrows in the ER happen in to summer that is in contrast to Western and Central Europe, where windthrows mainly occur in autumn and winter. The compiled database provides a valuable source of spatial and temporal information on windthrows in the ER and can be successfully used both in forest science and severe storm studies. The database is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12073278.v3 (Shikhov et al., 2020).
A Novel Approach to Assessing Nuisance Risk from Seismicity Induced by UK Shale Gas Development, with Implications for Future Policy Design
Authors: Cremen Gemma , Werner Maximilian J.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. We propose a novel framework for assessing the risk associated with seismicity induced from hydraulic fracturing, which has been a notable source of recent public concern. The framework combines statistical forecast models for injection-induced seismicity, ground motion prediction equations, and exposure models for affected areas, to quantitatively link the volume of fluid injected during operations with the potential for nuisance felt ground motions. Such (relatively small) motions are expected to be more aligned with the public tolerance threshold for induced seismicity than larger ground shaking that could cause structural damage. This proactive type of framework, which facilitates control of the injection volume ahead of time for risk mitigation, has significant advantages over reactive-type magnitude and ground motion-based systems typically used for induced seismicity management. The framework is applied to the region surrounding the Preston New Road shale gas site in North West England. A notable finding is that the calculations are particularly sensitive to assumptions of the seismicity forecast model used, i.e. whether it limits the cumulative seismic moment released for a given volume or assumes seismicity is consistent with the Gutenberg–Richter distribution for tectonic events. Finally, we discuss how the framework can be used to inform relevant policy.
n. 19 - O TRABALHO DO DIRETOR DE ESCOLA: ANÁLISE A PARTIR DE UMA PERSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA
Authors: Marangoni Ricardo Alexandre
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo propõe discutir o trabalho do diretor de escola com base nos dados da tese de doutoramento, defendida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo (PPGE/UMESP). Assim, para este recorte, considera-se a pesquisa bibliográfica que retoma os escritos de Carneiro Leão, Ribeiro, Lourenço Filho e Teixeira, na perspectiva clássica, e Arroyo, Félix e Paro, na perspectiva crítica. Das escolas de pensamento mencionadas, foram extraídos e analisados os elementos associados ao trabalho do diretor. Através desta análise foi possível concluir que existem diferentes posições e contradições que permeiam e orientam o trabalho do diretor de escola, exigindo-se dele um posicionamento frente às atuais políticas educacionais.
n. 20 - A APROPRIAÇÃO DA PROPOSTA DE COOPERATIVA ESCOLAR COMO UMA FORMA DE PRIVATIZAÇÃO DO CONTEÚDO DA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Estormovski Renata Cecilia
Published: May 2020

O presente estudo se propõe a retratar duas propostas de cooperativa escolar: a idealizada por Célestin Freinet no início do século XX (considerada vanguardista e tida como uma das técnicas do pedagogo) e a elaborada por uma cooperativa de crédito (inserida nas escolas públicas da atualidade e que cita a primeira como uma de suas inspirações). Com isso, comparam-se as proposições e compreende-se a ressignificação do projeto de cooperativas escolares, quase um século depois, situando sua materialização no atual tempo histórico como parte dos processos de privatização do conteúdo da educação. A análise se define como de natureza qualitativa e foi realizada mediante pesquisas bibliográfica e documental.
Gastronomia do Amazonas: percepção dos permissionários da Praia do Tupé, Manaus, AM
Authors: Lira Ana Celina Xavier de , Coutinho Helen Rita Menezes , Ferst Marklea Da Cunha
Published: May 2020

O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi identificar a identidade gastronômica da praia do Tupé que faz parte da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (RDS) do Tupé, localizada em Manaus, Amazonas (AM), de acordo com a perspectiva dos permissionários autorizados a vender comida no local. Como metodologia utilizou-se o método dedutivo, quantitativo, com pesquisa pura, descritiva, exploratória e explicativa. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo da qual participaram cinco permissionários autorizados a vender alimentos na praia do Tupé. O estudo foi realizado com técnicas de observação direta por intermédio de observação e utilização de formulários para entrevistas no período entre abril e maio de 2018. Constatou-se que os permissionários estavam trabalhando em barracas improvisadas e que a infraestrutura gastronômica fornecida pelo Estado ainda não havia sido liberada para utilização. A pesquisa permitiu averiguar a pouca identidade dos permissionários com a cultura gastronômica do Amazonas. Foi identificada pouca identidade com outros produtos regionais além do peixe, o que pode se dar em virtude da baixa escolaridade e falta de interesse em pesquisar e conhecer sobre os produtos regionais. Segundo a percepção dos permissionários, mesmo servindo carne bovina e frango, entendem ser o peixe, de todos os alimentos servidos, o que representa a gastronomia regional da Amazônia. Foi observado nos permissionários pouco conhecimento sobre os produtos regionais que podem ser utilizados no manejo dos alimentos, bem como as dificuldades elencadas pelos mesmos, como falta de infraestrutura e logística para compra dos insumos.
Planejamento do turismo religioso e seus desafios em Lunardelli, Vale do Ivaí, Paraná
Authors: Domingos Fabiane De Oliveira , Oliveira Alini Nunes de , Colasante Tatiana
Published: May 2020

Lunardelli é um pequeno município do Vale do Ivaí, região do Paraná conhecida como uma das mais pobres do estado por apresentar baixo Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano, apesar de forte atividade agrícola. A região apresenta vários atrativos e potenciais para o turismo em que se destacam os segmentos do turismo rural, aventura e religioso. Contempla belas paisagens naturais e rurais, clima de serra e um dos rios mais extensos do estado, o rio Ivaí. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é apresentar as primeiras impressões e análises sobre o turismo religioso em Lunardelli relacionados ao planejamento da atividade. Nesse segmento o motivo da viagem é a fé e chama a atenção o aumento nos últimos anos do número de visitantes em decorrência do Santuário Santa Rita de Cássia. Santa reconhecida na religião católica como sendo das causas impossíveis. Desse modo, todos os domingos o município recebe entre oito a dez caravanas de romeiros em que estudos informais indicam a presença de 100 a 250 mil visitantes ao ano. Esse trabalho decorre de um projeto de pesquisa desenvolvido pelo curso de turismo e negócios da Universidade Estadual do Paraná iniciado em 2019 que visa contribuir com estudos formais para entender melhor esse fenômeno turístico e auxiliar no planejamento da atividade, como a elaboração do inventário turístico, plano estratégico de turismo e estudos de demanda. Portanto, após a realização de algumas entrevistas com o secretário municipal de turismo e visitas a campo, entende-se que é possível tecer algumas considerações sobre os principais problemas que a atividade enfrenta, bem como alguns projetos pensados e executados para o setor. Uma das maiores preocupações do poder público local é que o turismo possa ser desenvolvido de modo sustentável com a geração de emprego e renda local e regional. Assim como outros municípios da região que sofre com a desigualdade social, Lunardelli enfrenta a emigração da população, desse modo, o tornou-se uma importante alternativa econômica para o município. Atualmente existem grandes desafios para que a atividade se desenvolva, mas em contrapartida abre-se um leque de novas possibilidades de negócios que podem ser gerados por meio da criação de micro e pequenas empresas de turismo e novos atrativos, tanto para o município como para a região do Vale do Ivaí.
Spherical Images of W-Direction Curves in Euclidean 3-Space
Authors: Güven Ìlkay Arslan , Nurkan Semra Kaya , Tor Ìpek Agaoglu
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we study the spherical indicatrices of W-direction curves in three dimensional Euclidean space which were defined by using the unit Darboux vector field W of a Frenet curve. We obtain the Frenet apparatus of these spherical indicatrices and the characterizations of being general helix and slant helix. Moreover we give some properties between the spherical indicatrices and their associated curves.
Recht en politiek in de klimaatzaken
Authors: Dupont Vincent
Published: May 2020

Recht en politiek in de klimaatzaken: Een sleutelrol voor het internationaal recht in de argumentatie van de nationale rechter

Ever since it was published in 2015, the judgment of the The Hague court in the so-called Urgenda-case, and the subsequent decisions of the appellate and cassation courts confirming it, have been met with repeated and vivid critiques. By recognizing the necessity of the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, and furthermore imposing a certain reduction level on the Dutch state, the judgments in the cases at hand gave rise to many questions concerning the position of the judiciary in the matter, and in Dutch society as a whole. This article attempts in the first place to situate the positions of the different actors intervening in the Urgenda-case within a legal-theoretical framework. The contribution subsequently explores the strategic possibilities that an alternative understanding of law could offer to the judges, focusing specifically on the use of legal instruments stemming from international law, brought into the reasoning of the national judge.
Validated DBS method for filgotinib quantitation in rat dried blood spots and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats
Authors: Dixit Abhishek , Kiran Vinay , Gabani Bhavesh Babulal , Mullangi Ramesh
Published: May 2020

Filgotinib is a selective JAK1 (Janus kinase) inhibitor, showed efficacy in patients suffering from moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis. In this paper, we present the data on the development and validation of a sensitive, selective and high-throughput LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry) method for the quantitation of filgotinib from rat dried blood spot (DBS) cards. To the DBS disc cards, 0.2 % formic acid enriched with internal standard (IS) was added and sonicated. Thereafter the extraction of filgotinib and the IS (tofacitinib) was accomplished using ethyl acetate as an extraction solvent. The resolution of filgotinib and the IS was achieved on a Gemini C18 column with an isocratic mobile phase, which is a mixture of 0.2 % formic acid:acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) at a flow-rate of 0.9 mL/min. The total run time was 2.90 min and the retention time of filgotinib and the IS was ~1.31 and 0.89 min, respectively. Filgotinib and the IS were analyzed using positive ion scan mode and parent-daughter mass to charge ion (m/z) transition of 426.3®291.3 and m/z 313.2®149.2, respectively, for quantitation. The calibration range was 1.37-1937 ng/mL. No matrix effect and carry over were observed. All the validation parameters met the acceptance criteria. The validated method has been applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats. A good correlation between DBS and plasma concentrations for filgotinib was observed.
Scientific Realism and Constructive Empiricism
Authors: Pechenkin Alexander A. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2020

Two conceptions of the contemporary philosophy of science are taken under consideration: scientific realism and constructive empiricism. Scientific realism presupposes 1) the conception of truth as the correspondence of knowledge to reality, 2) the real existence of entities postulated by a theory. The constructive empiricism puts forward the idea of empirical adequacy: science aims to give us the theories which are empirically adequate and acceptance of the theory involves as belief only that it is empirically adequate. To compare methodological resources of these two positions in the philosophy of science the problem of the interpretation of quantum mechanics is involved. As a methodological realization of scientific realism the ensemble interpretation of quantum mechanics is taken under consideration. K.Popper’s version
The Prospects of the Mankind in the Era of Technological Singularity
Authors: Smolin Vladimir S. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2020

The book by Max Tegmark draws attention to the dangers and benefits that await humanity as a result of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies development. Cosmologist and astrophysicist Tegmark, realizing the impossibility to predict the AI development, offers exciting scenarios of civilization development options for tens, thousands, millions and billions of years. The analysis of the opposite scenarios is aimed at the idea formation that the consequences of creating a general AI, superior to the human level, will be more significant than from all other achievements of civilization. Tegmark is one of the founders and leaders of the “Beneficial AGI” movement, he presents the results of the discussion of the issues he raises with leading experts in the field of AI. Tegmark concludes his book with a call to optimism: “My book urge you to think about what future you would like, and not what future scares you, this way we can find goals for which it’s worth working”.
Is Wisdom an Epistemic Virtue?
Authors: Karpov Kirill V. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2020

The article discusses the problem of parallelism of epistemic and moral virtues. The author presents the problem along with other methodological obstacles in virtue epistemology. The importance of the problem of parallelism becomes evident when we turn to the criteria of intellectual (epistemic) evaluation and to the framework of possible intellectual ethos. This problem is discussed in the paper by the example of definitions of master virtue and wisdom proposed by A.R. Karimov.
Palliative Radiotherapy Versus Esophageal Stent Placement in the Management of Patients With Metastatic Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Martin Emily J. , Bruggeman Andrew R. , Nalawade Vinit V. , Sarkar Reith R. , Qiao Edmund M. , Rose Brent S. , Murphy James D.
Published: May 2020

Background:Patients with advanced esophageal cancer often experience pain and dysphagia, yet the optimal palliative management remains unclear. This retrospective study evaluated outcomes and adverse effects of palliative radiotherapy (RT) compared with esophageal stenting among a cohort of U.S. veterans with metastatic esophageal cancer.Patients and Methods:We identified 1,957 veterans in the United States with metastatic esophageal cancer who received palliative RT to the esophagus or esophageal stenting, and assessed the risks of severe adverse effects, including esophageal fistula formation, perforation, obstruction, hemorrhage, and esophagitis. We determined palliative efficacy by evaluating pain and dysphagia scores before and after intervention. Multivariable analyses were used to control for potential confounding factors.Results:In our cohort, 1,593 patients underwent RT and 364 underwent esophageal stenting. The cumulative incidence of any severe adverse effect at 6 months was higher among patients who received stents compared with those who received RT (21.7% vs 12.4%;P<.0010). In multivariable analysis, patients who received stents had an increased risk of any severe adverse effect, including fistula, perforation, and hemorrhage (allP<.0500). Multivariable analysis also showed that, compared with stenting, RT was associated with more rapid and durable pain relief (P<.0010) with no difference in relief of dysphagia over time when accounting for pretreatment dysphagia scores (P=.1029).Conclusions:Compared with esophageal stenting, RT was associated with a decreased risk of adverse effects, greater pain relief, and equivalent relief of moderate to severe dysphagia over time. Unmeasured patient- or tumor-related factors could have influenced the choice of intervention, thereby impacting our study outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the largest study to date analyzing the comparative risks and benefits of palliative RT and esophageal stenting among patients with metastatic esophageal cancer.
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Version 2.2020, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Authors: Saad Ayman , de Lima Marcos , Anand Sarah , Bhatt Vijaya Raj , Bookout Ryan , Chen George , Couriel Daniel , Di Stasi Antonio , El-Jawahri Areej , Giralt Sergio , Gutman Jonathan , Ho Vincent , Horwitz Mitchell , Hsu Joe , Juckett Mark , Dabaja Mohamed Kharfan , Loren Alison W. ,   MSCE, Meade Javier , Mielcarek Marco , Moreira Jonathan , Nakamura Ryotaro , Nieto Yago , Roddy Julianna , Satyanarayana Gowri , Schroeder Mark , Tan Carlyn Rose , Tzachanis Dimitrios , Burns Jennifer L. , Pluchino Lenora A.
Published: May 2020

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) involves the infusion of hematopoietic progenitor cells into patients with hematologic disorders with the goal of re-establishing normal hematopoietic and immune function. HCT is classified as autologous or allogeneic based on the origin of hematopoietic cells. Autologous HCT uses the patient’s own cells while allogeneic HCT uses hematopoietic cells from a human leukocyte antigen-compatible donor. Allogeneic HCT is a potentially curative treatment option for patients with certain types of hematologic malignancies, and autologous HCT is primarily used to support patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy. Advances in HCT methods and supportive care in recent decades have led to improved survival after HCT; however, disease relapse and posttransplant complications still commonly occur in both autologous and allogeneic HCT recipients. Allogeneic HCT recipients may also develop acute and/or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which results in immune-mediated cellular injury of several organs. The NCCN Guidelines for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation focus on recommendations for pretransplant recipient evaluation and the management of GVHD in adult patients with malignant disease.
Den digitale transformations betydning for ny viden
Authors: Møller Louise , Larsen Karina Astrup Skjølstrup
Published: May 2020

Ligesom viden er et mangetydigt ord, kan vidensformer og hvad det vil sige at vide noget beskrives på forskellige måder. Uddannelses- og Forskningsministeriet beskriver gennem bekendtgørelsen for erhvervsakademiuddannelser og professionsbacheloruddannelser, hvilken slags viden, ministeriet mener, de studerende skal have tilegnet sig efter endt uddannelse - samlet for disse vidensformer er, at der skal være tale om ny viden. Det vi ikke ved, det er, om ny viden og måden ny viden indhentes på, påvirkes af den digitale transformation. Formålet med dette studie er derfor at undersøge, hvad studerende og undervisere, forstår ved begrebet ny viden, samt hvordan og hvilke kanaler de anvender i deres søgen efter ny viden. Resultatet af studiet viser, at forståelsen for begrebet ny viden ikke er forskellig om man spørger studerende eller undervisere på to forskellige uddannelser ved Professionshøjskolen UCN, ligesom definitionen af begrebet ny viden ikke synes påvirket af den digitale transformation. Der ses heller ikke store forskelle mellem de studerende og underviserne i forhold til, hvor de søger og indhenter ny viden. Noget kunne dog tyde på, at søgevanerne hos de studerende og underviserne har ændret sig gennem de sidste 10 år – her sætter den digitale transformation måske sit præg.
Extension of positive maps
Authors: Størmer Erling
Published: May 2020

We prove an extension theorem for positive maps from operator systems into matrix algebras
Hausdorff dimension of limsup sets of rectangles in the Heisenberg group
Authors: Ekström Fredrik , Järvenpää Esa , Järvenpää Maarit
Published: May 2020

The almost sure value of the Hausdorff dimension of limsup sets generated by randomly distributed rectangles in the Heisenberg group is computed in terms of directed singular value functions.
On Ratliff-Rush closure of modules
Authors: Endo Naoki
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we introduce the notion of Ratliff-Rush closure of modules and explore whether the condition of the Ratliff-Rush closure coincides with the integral closure. The main result characterizes the condition in terms of the normality of the projective scheme of the Rees algebra. In conclusion, we shall give a criterion for the Buchsbaum Rees algebras.
Generalized adjoints and applications to composition operators
Authors: Botelho Geraldo , Torres Leodan A.
Published: May 2020

We generalize the classical notion of adjoint of a linear operator and the Aron-Schottenloher notion of adjoint of a homogeneous polynomial. The general (nonlinear) notion is shown to enjoy several properties enjoyed by the classical (linear) ones, nevertheless new interesting phenomena arise in the nonlinear theory. The proofs are not always simple adaptations of the linear cases, actually nonlinear arguments are often required. Applications of the generalized adjoints to Lindström-Schlüchtermann type theorems for composition operators are provided.
Graph Stories in Small Area
Authors: Borrazzo Manuel , Da Lozzo Giordano , Di Battista Giuseppe , Frati Fabrizio , Patrignani Maurizio
Published: May 2020

We study the problem of drawing a dynamic graph, where each vertex appears in the graph at a certain time and remains in the graph for a fixed amount of time, called the window size.
This defines a graph story, i.e., a sequence of subgraphs, each induced
by the vertices that are in the graph at the same time.
The drawing of a graph story is a sequence of drawings of such subgraphs.
To support readability, we require that
each drawing is straight-line and planar and that each vertex maintains its placement in all the drawings.
Ideally, the area of the drawing of each subgraph should be a function of the window size, rather than a function of the size of the entire graph, which could be too large.

We show that the graph stories of paths and trees can be drawn on a $2W \times 2W$ and on an $(8W+1) \times (8W+1)$ grid, respectively, where $W$ is the window size. These results are constructive and yield linear-time algorithms.
Further, we show that there exist graph stories of planar graphs whose subgraphs cannot be drawn within an area that is only a function of $W$.
Michel Foucault e a obediência da carne Cristã
Authors: Colombo Agustin
Published: May 2020

Este artigo investiga a dimensão política do que Michel Foucault chama a "experiência da Carne", baseando-se na obra maior póstuma do filósofo francês História da sexualidade 4, As confissões da carne (Les Aveux de la chair). Para isso, o artigo se concentra na pesquisa de Foucault sobre o relato cristão da obediência. Em particular, o artigo analisa a íntima interação conceitual entre obediência e vontade na investigação de Foucault sobre João Cassiano e Santo Agostinho. A primeira parte do artigo aborda o principal diagnóstico de Foucault sobre o relato da obediência de Cassiano. Segundo este relato, na vida monástica, a obediência perfeita requer que os indivíduos renunciem à sua própria vontade. A segunda parte do artigo tem seu foco na análise de Foucault da teoria da libido de Santo Agostinho. Para Agostinho, a condição de obediência, em particular a obediência às regras sexuais, depende do bom uso que os indivíduos fazem da sua própria vontade. As conclusões do artigo destacam o papel crucial da interação entre obediência e vontade, de modo a possibilitar compreender a forma de governamentalidade construída pela experiência cristã da carne.
Nietzsche e o transhumanismo como sintoma do ideal ascético
Authors: Zaterka Luciana
Published: May 2020

Ao lado das imagens já conhecidas de Nietzsche como “precursor do nazismo”, “racista”, “pós-moderno”, “pensador perigoso e irracionalista”, em tempos recentes acrescentou-se à imagem de “precursor do transhumanismo”. Ao apresentarmos aqui alguns elementos do transhumanismo, em especial aqueles ligados às mais recentes biotecnologias, bem como alguns conceitos do pensamento de Nietzsche, em especial o além-do-homem e a ontologia da imanência do vir-a-ser, visamos ampliar esse debate, enfatizando que, para Nietzsche, o ideal transhumanista não seria mais do que um sintoma do ideal ascético, tão presente ainda na nossa contemporaneidade.
Artefatos biológicos artificiais: do modelo imitativo de inteligência artificial ao advento de organismos vivos programados
Authors: Candiotto Kleber
Published: May 2020

O programa de pesquisa em Inteligência Artificial, desde sua origem, tem a inteligência humana como modelo, e sua reprodução (ou superação) como escopo. Com o objetivo de sustentar a necessidade de um novo modelo de investigação sobre inteligência, a presente pesquisa destaca inicialmente o caráter imitativo da IA clássica mediante as críticas de Searle e Dreyfus ao projeto da IA. Procuramos sustentar que uma abordagem mais ampla de inteligência, como a sugerida por Bickhard, que tem comoreferência os sistemas físicos autossustentáveis recursivamente, partindo da investigação do funcionamento de inteligências primitivas, é a perspectiva mais produtiva para a IA. Para isso, apresentamos o advento dos “xenobots”, os organismos vivos programados, como um marco nesta perspectiva de pesquisa em IA que se desprende do modelo imitativo de inteligência, sem desconsiderar a dimensão interacionista dos organismos vivos, para promover uma “inteligência biológica artificializada”.
Recurrent circuit dynamics underlie persistent activity in the macaque frontoparietal network
Authors: Hart Eric , Huk Alexander C
Published: May 2020

During delayed oculomotor response tasks, neurons in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) and the frontal eye fields (FEF) exhibit persistent activity that reflects the active maintenance of behaviorally relevant information. Despite many computational models of the mechanisms of persistent activity, there is a lack of circuit-level data from the primate to inform the theories. To fill this gap, we simultaneously recorded ensembles of neurons in both LIP and FEF while macaques performed a memory-guided saccade task. A population encoding model revealed strong and symmetric long-timescale recurrent excitation between LIP and FEF. Unexpectedly, LIP exhibited stronger local functional connectivity than FEF, and many neurons in LIP had longer network and intrinsic timescales. The differences in connectivity could be explained by the strength of recurrent dynamics in attractor networks. These findings reveal reciprocal multi-area circuit dynamics in the frontoparietal network during persistent activity and lay the groundwork for quantitative comparisons to theoretical models.
Spen links RNA-mediated endogenous retrovirus silencing and X chromosome inactivation
Authors: Carter Ava C , Xu Jin , Nakamoto Meagan Y , Wei Yuning , Zarnegar Brian J , Shi Quanming , Broughton James P , Ransom Ryan C , Salhotra Ankit , Nagaraja Surya D , Li Rui , Dou Diana R , Yost Kathryn E , Cho Seung-Woo , Mistry Anil , Longaker Michael T , Khavari Paul A , Batey Robert T , Wuttke Deborah S , Chang Howard Y
Published: May 2020

The Xist lncRNA mediates X chromosome inactivation (XCI). Here we show that Spen, an Xist-binding repressor protein essential for XCI , binds to ancient retroviral RNA, performing a surveillance role to recruit chromatin silencing machinery to these parasitic loci. Spen loss activates a subset of endogenous retroviral (ERV) elements in mouse embryonic stem cells, with gain of chromatin accessibility, active histone modifications, and ERV RNA transcription. Spen binds directly to ERV RNAs that show structural similarity to the A-repeat of Xist, a region critical for Xist-mediated gene silencing. ERV RNA and Xist A-repeat bind the RRM domains of Spen in a competitive manner. Insertion of an ERV into an A-repeat deficient Xist rescues binding of Xist RNA to Spen and results in strictly local gene silencing in cis. These results suggest that Xist may coopt transposable element RNA-protein interactions to repurpose powerful antiviral chromatin silencing machinery for sex chromosome dosage compensation.
Essential function of the alveolin network in the subpellicular microtubules and conoid assembly in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Tosetti Nicolò , Dos Santos Pacheco Nicolas , Bertiaux Eloïse , Maco Bohumil , Bournonville Lorène , Hamel Virginie , Guichard Paul , Soldati-Favre Dominique
Published: May 2020

The coccidian subgroup of Apicomplexa possesses an apical complex harboring a conoid, made of unique tubulin polymer fibers. This enigmatic organelle extrudes in extracellular invasive parasites and is associated to the apical polar ring (APR). The APR serves as microtubule-organizing center for the 22 subpellicular microtubules (SPMTs) that are linked to a patchwork of flattened vesicles, via an intricate network composed of alveolins. Here, we capitalize on ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) to localize the Toxoplasma gondii Apical Cap protein 9 (AC9) and its partner AC10, identified by BioID, to the alveolin network and intercalated between the SPMTs. Parasites conditionally depleted in AC9 or AC10 replicate normally but are defective in microneme secretion and fail to invade and egress from infected cells. Electron microscopy revealed that the mature parasite mutants are conoidless, while U-ExM highlighted the disorganization of the SPMTs which likely results in the catastrophic loss of APR and conoid.