bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the disappointing performance of macrophage cancer therapy
Authors: Green Leigh Ann
Published: October 2023

Shape switching may hold the key to more effective cancer treatments.
Testing the limits of the global instability index
Authors: Miller Kyle D. , Rondinelli James M.
Published: October 2023

The global instability index (GII) is a computationally inexpensive bond valence-based metric originally designed to evaluate the total bond strain in a crystal. Recently, the GII has gained popularity as a feature of data-driven models in materials research. Although prior studies have proven that GII is an effective predictor of structural distortions and decomposition energy when applied to small datasets, the wider use of GII as a global indicator of structural stability has yet to be evaluated. To that end, we compute GII for thousands of compounds in inorganic structure databases and partition compounds by chemical interactions underlying their stability to understand the GII values and their variations. Our results show that the GII captures relative chemical trends, such as electronegativity, even beyond the intended domain of strongly ionic compounds. However, we also find that GII magnitudes vary significantly with factors such as chemistry (cation–anion identities and bond character), geometry (connectivity), data source, and model bias, making GII suitable for comparisons within controlled datasets but unsuitable as an absolute, universal metric for structural feasibility.
Identification of two-phase flow patterns based on capacitance data of electrical capacitance tomography with semi-supervised generative adversarial network
Authors: Gao Heming , Ku Shuaichao , Jian Xiaohu
Published: October 2023

Currently, the flow pattern identification algorithms based on ECT (electrical capacitance tomography) technology have low identification accuracy for complex flow patterns and require a large amount of label data for learning. A novel flow pattern identification method based on a semi-supervised generative adversarial network (SGAN) with capacitance data of ECT is proposed. First, the principles of the ECT technique and general GAN are briefly described, and the model parameters, loss function, and training process of the SGAN are explained in detail. Second, a capacitance data sample set of 11 400 random flow patterns is constructed by co-simulations of COMSOL and MATLAB, and then, the SGAN and BP (back propagation) and SVM (support vector machine) network models are trained and validated by the training set. Finally, static experiments are conducted on the self-developed ECT system, and the identification results of different algorithms are compared and analyzed by modifying the label sample size of the training set. The experimental results show that SGAN maintains a higher average identification accuracy under the training condition where the number of label samples of SGAN is ten times smaller than that of the other two algorithms.
Brillouin lasers in a graphene microresonator for multispecies and individual gas molecule detection
Authors: An Ning , Li Yiwei , Zhang Hao , Liang Yupei , Tan Teng , Guo Yongzheng , Liu Zihan , Liu Mingyu , Guo Yanhong , Wu Yu , Peng Bo , Rao Yunjiang , Zhao Guangming , Yao Baicheng
Published: October 2023

Optical microcavities offer a promising platform for highly efficient light–matter interactions. Recently, the combination of microresonators and 2D materials in nanoscale has further enriched the optoelectronics of the microcavity geometries, spurring broad advances ranging from lasers, nonlinear converters, modulators to sensors. Here, we report the concept of a Brillouin laser sensor, by depositing graphene on an over-modal microsphere. Driven by a single continuous-wave pump at 1550 nm, multiple Brillouin lasers from distinct mode families are co-generated in a single device. The Brillouin lasers excited in the high Q cavity produce heterodyne beating notes with phase noise down to −161 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, not only enabling label-freely identifiable detection of multispecies gas molecules adsorbed on the graphene in situ but also rendering it possible to trace individual molecules. Such a combination of graphene optoelectronics and Brillouin lasers in microcavities demonstrates a novel physical paradigm and offers insights into powerful tools for fast and precise optical sensing.
Derivation and reinterpretation of the Fermi–Amaldi functional
Authors: Bosko Ivan P. , Staroverov Viktor N.
Published: October 2023

The Fermi–Amaldi correction to the electrostatic self-repulsion of the particle density is usually regarded as a semi-classical exchange functional that happens to be exact only for one- and closed-shell two-electron systems. We show that this functional can be derived quantum-mechanically and is exact for any number of fermions or bosons of arbitrary spin as long as the particles occupy the same spatial orbital. The Fermi–Amaldi functional is also size-consistent for such systems, provided that the factor N in its expression is understood as an orbital occupation number rather than the total number of particles. These properties of the Fermi–Amaldi functional are ultimately related to the fact that it is a special case of the self-exchange energy formula. Implications of our findings are discussed.
Similarity solutions of heat transfer in shear flow over an otherwise still fluid
Authors: Andersson Helge I. , Mukhopadhyay Swati
Published: October 2023

Thermal energy and momentum transport in two-fluid systems are investigated. The hydrodynamic part of the problem was considered by Wang [“The boundary layers due to shear flow over a still fluid,” Phys. Fluids A 4, 1304–1306 (1992)] and Andersson and Mukhopadhyay [“Boundary layers due to shear flow over a still fluid: A direct integration approach,” Appl. Math. Comput. 242, 856–862 (2014)], whereas the accompanying heat transfer analysis is new and fills a gap in the literature. Momentum and thermal boundary layers form on both sides of the planar interface between a shear-driven upper fluid and an underlying still fluid. Similarity transformations reduce the governing partial differential equations to sets of ordinary differential equations for each fluid, coupled by boundary conditions at the interface. The thermal part of the transformed two-fluid problem depends explicitly on the ratios between the kinematic viscosities, the thermal conductivities, the Prandtl numbers, and the temperatures of the lower and upper fluids. Moreover, an implicit dependence on the density ratio appears due to the fluid velocities. Similarity solutions obtained by means of a direct integration approach are presented for six different two-fluid systems. The computed results show that the temperature and velocity fields in the upper and lower fluid depend crucially on the mechanical and thermophysical properties of the two fluids, as does the heat flux through the interface between the two immiscible fluids.
Strain, Young’s modulus, and structural transition of EuTiO3 thin films probed by micro-mechanical methods
Authors: Manca Nicola , Tarsi Gaia , Kalaboukhov Alexei , Bisio Francesco , Caglieris Federico , Lombardi Floriana , Marré Daniele , Pellegrino Luca
Published: October 2023

EuTiO3 (ETO) is a well-known complex oxide mainly investigated for its magnetic properties and its incipient ferro-electricity. In this work, we demonstrate the realization of suspended micro-mechanical structures, such as cantilevers and micro-bridges, from 100 nm-thick single-crystal epitaxial ETO films deposited on top of SrTiO3(100) substrates. By combining profile analysis and resonance frequency measurements of these devices, we obtain the Young’s modulus, strain, and strain gradients of the ETO thin films. Moreover, we investigate the ETO anti-ferro-distortive transition by temperature-dependent characterizations, which show a non-monotonic and hysteretic mechanical response. The comparison between experimental and literature data allows us to weight the contribution from thermal expansion and softening to the tuning slope, while a full understanding of the origin of such a wide hysteresis is still missing. We also discuss the influence of oxygen vacancies on the reported mechanical properties by comparing stoichiometric and oxygen-deficient samples.
The effects of initial water saturation on retrograde condensation in natural porous media: An in situ experimental investigation of three-phase displacements
Authors: Igwe Uche , Khishvand Mahdi , Piri Mohammad
Published: October 2023

In this study, state-of-the-art imaging technology is integrated with a miniature core-flooding system to map pore-scale fluid occupancy during the retrograde condensation process in the presence of brine and in a natural porous medium. Two depletion experiments were performed using a three-component synthetic gas condensate mixture in a Fontainebleau sandstone core sample and after establishing different levels of initial water saturations. The results are analyzed to investigate the impact of water saturation on condensate formation, accumulation, and mobilization and to shed light on the relevant three-phase flow dynamics. The results provide the first direct pore-scale observation of gas, condensate, and brine residing in the pore space. The micro-scale fluid occupancy maps illustrated that the presence of water in the pores delays the pressure at which condensate nuclei form, slows down the initial growth of nuclei, and partially impedes the accumulation of condensate. The higher the water saturation is, the lower the amount of condensate will be accumulated. As the pore pressure decreases, the condensate clusters develop significantly in the pore space triggering chains of displacement events between various pairs of fluids. The key mechanisms include gas-to-brine/condensate and condensate-to-gas/brine. The displacement events eventually reduce the brine saturation and increase the gas and condensate saturations in the pore space. The condensate saturation increases monotonically as the pore pressure reduces and reaches a maximum value. Quantitative pore fluid occupancy data also reconfirm the visual observations and demonstrate that condensate accumulation is associated with displacing gas and brine from small- and medium-sized pore elements.
The second law of infodynamics and its implications for the simulated universe hypothesis
Authors: Vopson Melvin M.
Published: October 2023

The simulation hypothesis is a philosophical theory, in which the entire universe and our objective reality are just simulated constructs. Despite the lack of evidence, this idea is gaining traction in scientific circles as well as in the entertainment industry. Recent scientific developments in the field of information physics, such as the publication of the mass-energy-information equivalence principle, appear to support this possibility. In particular, the 2022 discovery of the second law of information dynamics (infodynamics) facilitates new and interesting research tools at the intersection between physics and information. In this article, we re-examine the second law of infodynamics and its applicability to digital information, genetic information, atomic physics, mathematical symmetries, and cosmology, and we provide scientific evidence that appears to underpin the simulated universe hypothesis.
Simulation study on arc motion process of DC miniature circuit breakers
Authors: Xiong Dezhi , Chen Shidong , Xiao Yu , Ma Chen
Published: October 2023

Based on the theory of magnetohydrodynamics, a mathematical model of air arc in the arc extinguishing chamber of a DC miniature circuit breaker was established. By coupling external circuit characteristics and contact movement process, the motion process of the arc was simulated and analyzed. On this basis, the effects of breaking speed, time constant, and magnetic field on the arc motion characteristics were studied. The study showed that increasing the breaking speed appropriately and adding appropriate magnetic field can improve the breaking performance of DC miniature circuit breakers. The research results can provide reference for the optimization design of DC miniature circuit breakers.
Partial spontaneous intersubunit rotations in pretranslocation ribosomes
Authors: Huang Tianhan , Choi Junhong , Prabhakar Arjun , Puglisi Joseph D. , Petrov Alexey
Published: October 2023

The two main steps of translation, peptidyl transfer, and translocation are accompanied by counterclockwise and clockwise rotations of the large and small ribosomal subunits with respect to each other. Upon peptidyl transfer, the small ribosomal subunit rotates counterclockwise relative to the large subunit, placing the ribosome into the rotated conformation. Simultaneously, tRNAs move into the hybrid conformation, and the L1 stalk moves inward toward the P-site tRNA. The conformational dynamics of pretranslocation ribosomes were extensively studied by ensemble and single-molecule methods. Different experimental modalities tracking ribosomal subunits, tRNAs, and the L1 stalk showed that pretranslocation ribosomes undergo spontaneous conformational transitions. Thus, peptidyl transfer unlocks the ribosome and decreases an energy barrier for the reverse ribosome rotation during translocation. However, the tracking of translation with ribosomes labeled at rRNA helices h44 and H101 showed a lack of spontaneous rotations in pretranslocation complexes. Therefore, reverse intersubunit rotations occur during EF-G catalyzed translocation. To reconcile these views, we used high-speed single-molecule microscopy to follow translation in real time. We showed spontaneous rotations in puromycin-released h44-H101 dye-labeled ribosomes. During elongation, the h44-H101 ribosomes undergo partial spontaneous rotations. Spontaneous rotations in h44-H101-labeled ribosomes are restricted prior to aminoacyl-tRNA binding. The pretranslocation h44-H101 ribosomes spontaneously exchanged between three different rotational states. This demonstrates that peptidyl transfer unlocks spontaneous rotations and pretranslocation ribosomes can adopt several thermally accessible conformations, thus supporting the Brownian model of translocation.
Cytosolic concentrations of actin binding proteins and the implications for in vivo F-actin turnover
Authors: Gonzalez Rodriguez Sofia , Wirshing Alison C.E. , Goodman Anya L. , Goode Bruce L.
Published: October 2023

Understanding how numerous actin-binding proteins (ABPs) work in concert to control the assembly, organization, and turnover of the actin cytoskeleton requires quantitative information about the levels of each component. Here, we measured the cellular concentrations of actin and the majority of the conserved ABPs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as the free (cytosolic) fractions of each ABP. The cellular concentration of actin is estimated to be 13.2 µM, with approximately two-thirds in the F-actin form and one-third in the G-actin form. Cellular concentrations of ABPs range from 12.4 to 0.85 µM (Tpm1> Pfy1> Cof1> Abp1> Srv2> Abp140> Tpm2> Aip1> Cap1/2> Crn1> Sac6> Twf1> Arp2/3> Scp1). The cytosolic fractions of all ABPs are unexpectedly high (0.6–0.9) and remain so throughout the cell cycle. Based on these numbers, we speculate that F-actin binding sites are limited in vivo, which leads to high cytosolic levels of ABPs, and in turn helps drive the rapid assembly and turnover of cellular F-actin structures.
Quantum transport simulations of sub-5 nm bilayer Ga2O3 transistor for high-performance applications
Authors: Li Penghui , Dong Linpeng , Peng Bo , Nan Kai , Liu Weiguo
Published: October 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors with bizarre properties show great application potential for nanoscale devices, which is regarded as the Si alternation to extend the Moore’s Law in sub-5 nm era. In this study, we investigate the electronic structure and ballistic transport characteristics of sub-5 nm bilayer (BL) Ga2O3 metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) using the first-principles calculations and the nonequilibrium Green’s function method. Quasi-direct band structure with bandgap of 4.77 eV is observed in BL Ga2O3, and high electron mobility of 910 cm2 V−1s−1 at 300 K is observed under the full-phonon scattered processes. Due to the enlarged natural length, the gate-controllable ability of 2D Ga2O3 n-MOSFET is suppressed with the increased layer. The transport characteristic investigation indicates that BL Ga2O3 n-MOSFETs can meet the latest International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors requirement for high-performance application until L
g = 4 nm. The figures of merits including on-current, intrinsic delay time, and power delay product are showing competitive potential with the reported 2D materials. With the help of underlap structure, the device performance can be further improved in the sub-3 nm region. Our results indicate that BL Ga2O3 is a promising candidate for sub-5 nm MOSFET applications.
Beam profile analysis in magnetoplasma medium
Authors: Basdemir Husnu Deniz , Elmabruk Kholoud
Published: October 2023

In the current study, electromagnetic fields produced by a point source in a magnetoplasma medium under the steady external magnetic field are derived by using Maxwell equations. To obtain the general Gaussian beams complex source point method is used. The radiated fields are Gaussian beams when the complex values are assigned to the source coordinates in the derived expressions. Due to the analytic continuation between real and imaginary source points being performed directly in the high frequencies no further calculations are required to convert ray solutions to beam solutions. Thus, the obtained beam solutions are valid outside the paraxial region therefore better representation of fields is obtained. The derived beam profiles are investigated for different set of parameters numerically.
Unraveling the magnetic properties and nature of exchange interactions of Mn5−x
Fe
x
Ge3 (0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) alloys
Authors: Lalita  , Pardeep  , Babu P D , Basheed G A
Published: October 2023

We report the structural and magnetic properties of arc-melted Fe-doped Mn5Ge3 alloys. In this study, Mn5−x
Fe
x
Ge3 (x = 0.15, 0.3, and 0.5) alloys were subjected to DC magnetic measurements in order to examine the nature of magnetic interaction via critical exponents study in the asymptotic critical region. The critical exponents β, γ and δ are obtained independently from different methods. For Mn4.85Fe0.15Ge3, β = 0.338, γ = 1.146 and δ = 4.39; for Mn4.7Fe0.3Ge3, β = 0.337, γ = 1.244 and δ = 4.69 and for Mn4.5Fe0.5Ge3, β = 0.328, γ = 1.195 and δ = 4.64. The values of critical exponents obtained are found to be close to the 3D Ising universality class (β = 0.325, γ = 1.241, and δ = 4.82). Analyses based on the Renormalization group theory predictions reveal that the spin interactions are short-range extended types beyond the nearest neighbors due to the presence of a different set of Mn–Mn interactions with an unequal magnitude of exchange strengths in the Mn5−x
Fe
x
Ge3 alloys.
Hyperfine structure constants of Sc I determined from fourier transform spectra
Authors: Kaleem Muhammad , Uddin Zaheer , Xu Yixin , Dai Zhenwen
Published: October 2023

Fourier Transform Spectra of Scandium were analyzed, and hyperfine structure constants of odd and even levels of the configurations 3d2(4p + 5p + 4s + 5s + 4d), 3d4s(4p + 5p + 5s + 6s + 4d + 5d), 3d3, 3d4p2, and 4s2(4p + 4d) are determined. The hyperfine structures (HFS) extracted from FT spectra were simulated and fitted to find the corresponding A-values. For 104 even levels and 95 odd levels, hf constants of Sc I were determined. The values of HFS constants were compared with published data, and a good agreement was found for most of them. The hf constants of 8 odd and 10 even levels were determined for the first time from experimental data. Seven HFS constants values have been modified.
Evolution of effective temperature, kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity in pp collision
Authors: Badshah Murad , Ajaz Muhammad , Waqas Muhammad , Younis Hannan
Published: October 2023

This article focuses on the study of strange hadrons (

K

S

0

,

Λ
,

Λ

̅

,

Ξ

+

,
Ξ

−

) at

s

=

0.2 TeV, recorded by STAR at RHIC, and at

s

=

0.9 TeV, 5.02 TeV and 7 TeV, recorded by CMS at LHC, in pp collision in the rapidity range from 0 to 2. The pT distributions of these strange particles have been processed using two statistical models, the Tsallis and the modified Hagedorn model. Both models fit the experimental data well. We extracted different freezeout parameters from the fit procedure using the abovementioned functions. We found that with increasing the collision energy, the effective temperature (T), in the case of the Tsallis model, and kinetic/thermal freeze-out temperature (T0) and transverse flow velocity (β
T), in the case of the modified Hagedorn model, increase because of greater energy transfer among the participants at higher colliding energies. Both T and T0 are observed to increase with the increase in the rest masses of the outgoing particles revealing the multi-freeze-out scenario. Furthermore, the multiplicity parameter (N0) decreases with the increase in the particle mass, confirming the mass differential freeze-out scenario. An inverse relationship between the non-extensivity parameter (q) and the masses of the produced particles has been noticed. Similarly, an inverse correlation between q and T has been found. For lighter particles, smaller T and greater q mean that they decouple from the system later and attain equilibrium slowly compared to heavier ones. In addition, a positive correlation between β
T and T0 is noticed, which agrees with the literature.
Adiabatic and isocurvature perturbations in extended theories with kinetic couplings
Authors: De Angelis Mariaveronica , van de Bruck Carsten
Published: October 2023

The scalar field sector in low-energy effective field theories motivated by string theory often contains several scalar fields, some of which possess non-standard kinetic terms. In this paper we study theories with two scalar fields, in which one of the fields has a non-canonical kinetic term. The kinetic coupling is allowed to depend on both fields, going beyond the work in the literature, which usually considers the case of the coupling to depend on the other field only. Our aim is to study adiabatic and isocurvature perturbations in these extended theories. Our results show that the evolution equation for the curvature perturbation does not change when allowing the coupling to depend on both fields, while the effective mass of the entropy perturbation changes. We find expressions for the spectral index and its running at horizon crossing and at the end of inflation. We apply the formalism and study three phenomenological models, with different kinetic couplings.
Application of Modal Analysis of Earthquake Force and Natural Frequency Tanjung Baru Bridge
Authors: Mardhiyah A , Tarigan J , Bangun E P
Published: October 2023

The dynamic response of a structural system can be described by modal analysis. In the present study, the modal analysis that adopts an Undamped Degree of Freedom (Undamped-DOF) System is implemented to describe the modal descriptors such as the natural frequency and mode shape of a bridge. Furthermore, the earthquake load acting on the bridge is also evaluated and hence the possibility of a resonance associated with this load is investigated. For this objective, the earthquake data collected during the past ten years in Indonesia is explored. This study considers the Tanjung Baru Bridge, a prestressed concrete bridge situated on the Medan-Kualanamu-Tebing Tinggi highway, as the case study. The modal analysis and the evaluation of the earthquake load confirm that the possibility of resonance for the Tanjung Baru Bridge is extremely low. The study also proves that this bridge has a sufficient capacity to withstand earthquake loads.
The influence of reverse loading sequence on the behaviour of beam-column joints
Authors: Purwanto  , Han AyLie , Hadikusomo B H W
Published: October 2023

The formation of plastic joints in the reinforced beam-to-column joint is influenced by a number of factors. The behaviour and location of this joint is of major importance since it defines the overall performance of the rigid framework when subjected to loading. Mandated by the majority of codes and standards, the strong-column weak-beam philosophy is used and recognized by the formation of this joint in the beam. This study looked into the effect of reverse loading to the behaviour of plastic joints as compared to a monotonic loading protocol. The study analysed the load-deformation behaviour and ultimate load carrying capacity while additional information is collected through visual observation on the failure and cracking pattern. The study concluded that the reverse loading negatively influenced the load carrying capacity, but negligibly affected the overall behaviour of the joint.
A Study of Liquefaction Potential on Retaining Wall and Embankment in Parangtritis Village
Authors: Galag C T S A , Faris F , Adi A D
Published: October 2023

Parangtritis Village located in Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Previous studies showed that the Opak Active Fault line passes right through the east side of the construction. This study aims to examine the potential for liquefaction in the retaining wall and embankment structures in Parangtritis Village in the event of an earthquake in the area. The subsurface evaluation was based on N-SPT drilling data as well as soil data at 4 drill point. The bedrock acceleration value was determined based on SNI 2833:2016. To obtain a more specific bedrock peak acceleration value, the Indonesian Spectra Design seismic data was used by the Directorate General of Highway, Ministry of Public Works and Housing, where the PGA bedrock acceleration value is 0.558 g. The stages of liquefaction potential analysis are divided into three stages, Cyclic Stress Ratio, Cyclic Resistance Ratio, Factor of Safety. Liquefaction Potential Index analysis as a determinant of potential damage. Data processing results at four drill points indicate that the soil layer at several depths has liquefaction potential with a safety factor value of <1. The results of these calculations show that the LPI value is in the LPI vulnerable > 15, indicating a high liquefaction potential.
Analysis of liquefaction potential in the Malalayang beach area, North Sulawesi
Authors: Prayogo J , Faris F
Published: October 2023

North Sulawesi Province was locating in a tectonically active area, affected by subduction of the Sulawesi Sea plate, Sangihe, and Halmahera. These plates are still active to provide an earthquake threat. Several large earthquakes that came from various plates around Manado City have been recorded. A large earthquake that shakes sandy soil can produce liquefaction events. The Malalayang beach area, located in the West of Manado City a part of Malalayang Beach Area Arrangement Work Package and the Bunaken Village Ecotourism Arrangement, was chosen as the research object to analyse the possibility of liquefaction. The research begin with collect boring testing data, lab test data, and earthquake data such as the moment of magnitude and Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA). This study also uses various methods or attenuation equations to determine the peak ground acceleration from the history of earthquakes obtained from multiple sources. Based on the data obtained from the field and laboratory tests, data processing is carried out to determine the liquefaction potential. From the results of the Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) calculation, it was found that the Malalayang Beach Area has the potential for the occurrence of the liquefaction phenomenon.
Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction Through 2-D Site-Specific Response Analysis
Authors: Sengara W , Sargawi R , Komerdevi D , Sulaiman A
Published: October 2023

Seismic response of structures involved soil-structure-interaction (SSI) that need to consider both inertial and kinematic interaction. Many underground SSI has been developed such as modelling the structures and soils as continuum with seismic load simplified as pseudo-static or static equivalent. More recent and more realistic SSI model consider non-linear time-history analysis in the form of 2-D site-specific response analysis (SSRA), in which both inertial and kinematic interaction in combination with non-linear soil model, as well as time-history ground-motions are simulated. This paper presents simplified pseudo-static soil-structure interaction finite-element (FE) response of underground box-station structure under prescribed maximum strain displacement as resulted from 1-D site-specific response analysis under various ground-motions characteristics of subduction and shallow crustal earthquakes. More complex model of SSI system of basement is also presented. This basement SSI model incorporates non-linear time-history analysis with dynamic soil properties considered through 2-D SSRA simulating seismic wave propagation from reference base-rock to ground surface. Various base-rock seismic ground-motions are simulated from results of de-aggregation analysis from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis considering both subduction and shallow crustal earthquakes scaled at various ground-motion periods. The analysis adopts dynamic soil model with non-linear modulus and damping using FLAC computer program.
From Newton to universal Planck natural units – disentangling the constants of nature
Authors: Wutke Andrew
Published: October 2023

This study exploits a historical gap in the evolution of metric systems that resulted from the incomplete implementation of the ‘rationalization’ concept published by Heaviside in 1893 and by ignoring the suggestion of Maxwell in 1873 to use the simplest form of Newton’s gravitational law expression with no proportionality constant. Bridging this gap required deriving an experimental Rationalized Metric System (RMS) and a corresponding Universal Planck Natural Unit System (UPNUS) in [ LT ] units. The described solution combines Heaviside’s rationalization of Newton’s law and makes the unit of mass dimensions [ L3T−2 ], as suggested by Maxwell. Consequently, the modified Coulomb’s law, changes the unit of electric charge to the same dimensions as those of mass. The elimination of the kilogram and ampere has a disentangling effect on the dependencies among the constants of nature and opens new horizons. New systems have the potential to become powerful exploratory tools in fundamental research and education because of the simplification of the relationships among physical quantities. Some highlights from the analyzed examples are worth mentioning. The well-known expression for the Stoney mass (m

S
) when converted to RMS units is reduced to the electron charge quantity, whereas traditional metric systems entangle the charge, speed of light, and gravitational constant, forming an entity in the dimension of mass, as first presented by Stoney in 1874. Furthermore, a well-substantiated conjecture is proposed, wherein the Stoney energy E

S
= m

S

c

2
is likely the long-sought, finite electric field energy of the electron, and the gravitational constant appears to be the limiting factor. In UPNUS, the most disentangled fundamental expression, apart from the Stoney mass, is the elementary charge

e

̌

as the function of the fine structure constant
α
and the Planck mass

m

̌

P

,

namely

e
ˇ

=

m
ˇ

P

α

≈
1.073476469
,

with

e

̌

and

m

̌

P

of the same [ L3T−2 ] dimensions in Planck units, where

m

̌

P

=
4
π
.
From sphere packing to Fourier interpolation
Authors: Cohn Henry
Published: October 2023

Viazovska’s solution of the sphere packing problem in eight dimensions is based on a remarkable construction of certain special functions using modular forms. Great mathematics has consequences far beyond the problems that originally inspired it, and Viazovska’s work is no exception. In this article, we’ll examine how it has led to new interpolation theorems in Fourier analysis, specifically a theorem of Radchenko and Viazovska.
Integrality of the Betti moduli space
Authors: de Jong Johan , Esnault Hélène
Published: October 2023

If in a given rank

r
r

, there is an irreducible complex local system with torsion determinant and quasi-unipotent monodromies at infinity on a smooth quasi-projective variety, then for every prime number

ℓ
\ell

, there is an absolutely irreducible

ℓ
\ell

-adic local system of the same rank, with the same determinant and monodromies at infinity, up to semi-simplification. A finitely presented group is said to be weakly integral with respect to a torsion character and a rank

r
r

if once there is an irreducible rank

r
r

complex linear representation with determinant isomorphic to this torsion character, then for any

ℓ
\ell

, there is an absolutely irreducible one of rank

r
r

and determinant this given character, which is defined over

Z

¯

ℓ

\bar { \mathbb {Z}}_\ell

. We prove that this property is a new obstruction for a finitely presented group to be the fundamental group of a smooth quasi-projective complex variety. The proofs rely on the arithmetic Langlands program via the existence of Deligne’s companions (L. Lafforgue, Drinfeld) and the geometric Langlands program via de Jong’s conjecture (Gaitsgory for

ℓ
≥
3

\ell \ge 3

). We also define weakly arithmetic complex local systems and show they are Zariski dense in the Betti moduli. Finally we show that our method gives an arithmetic proof of the Corlette-T. Mochizuki theorem, proved using tame pure imaginary harmonic metrics, which shows the pull-back by a morphism between two smooth complex algebraic varieties of a semi-simple complex local system is semi-simple.
Comment on ‘“Poroma-like” branched vessels with rounded endings in dermoscopy of basal cell carcinoma: a new unusual structure’
Authors: Zhang Li-wen , Wu Juan , Chen Tao
Published: October 2023

This article advocates for the use of multiple noninvasive diagnostic tools for assessment and mutual validation to improve diagnostic accuracy in BCC. Different imaging techniques, each with its advantages, can provide multimodal preoperative information for management options that aim to meet the needs of clinicians.
Late diagnosis of Kawasaki disease with major cardiovascular complications: a case report
Authors: Uzdavinyte Gateliene Egle , Cesnaite Guste , Sadauskiene Egle , Barysiene Jurate
Published: October 2023

Background

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis syndrome, mostly targeting children under 5 years old. If untreated, coronary artery abnormalities develop to approximately one out of four patients who suffered from KD. As KD might be easily missed in childhood, managing cardiovascular complications might become a real challenge at an advanced age.

Case summary

A 25-year-old woman was presented to a skying resort hospital with discomfort in chest, shortness of breath, cold sweat, and dizziness after skiing. Based on increased troponin level and ECG findings, the specialists diagnosed myocarditis and initiated treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. After the symptoms recurred in half a year, there was a need for further clarification of the diagnosis of myocarditis. The patient received a comprehensive cardiac imaging evaluation at Vilnius University Santaros Clinic to differentiate the cause of the recurrent chest pains. Coronary artery computed tomography revealed presence of aneurysm with wall calcification in left anterior descending artery S6—10 mm in diameter and aneurysm of circumflex artery S11—7 mm in diameter as well as occlusion of calcified right coronary artery. After taking a detailed medical history, a presumption about a former case of KD has been made.

Discussion

Coronary artery aneurysm is a cardiovascular sequelae of KD if it is left untreated. Due to atypical presentation, it might be overlooked, while the key of successful KD management is an early diagnosis and therapy.
Does intergenerational educational mobility vary by sexual identity? A comparative analysis of five OECD countries
Authors: Boertien Diederik , Perales Francisco , Pessin Léa
Published: October 2023

Lesbian, gay and bisexual people are disadvantaged in terms of health and socio-economic status compared with heterosexual people, yet findings pertaining to educational outcomes vary depending on the specific identity and gender considered. This study delves into these unexplained findings by applying a social-stratification lens, thereby providing an account of how intergenerational educational mobility varies by sexual identity. To accomplish this, we use representative data from five OECD countries and a regression-based empirical specification relying on coarsened exact matching. We find that gay and lesbian people have higher educational attainment than heterosexual people in all five countries and that these higher levels of education stem from greater rates of upward educational mobility among gay/lesbian people. There were, however, few differences between heterosexual and bisexual people. Variation across countries emerged when analyses were stratified by gender, with higher rates of upward mobility observed for gay men in Australia, Chile, the United Kingdom, and the United States and lesbian women in Australia and Germany. Overall, our results align with previous claims that education can be a strategy for gay/lesbian people to avoid actual or anticipated discrimination. However, variation in these patterns across groups suggests that other mechanisms may also be at play.
Deep learned representations of the resting 12-lead electrocardiogram to predict at peak exercise
Authors: Khurshid Shaan , Churchill Timothy W , Diamant Nathaniel , Di Achille Paolo , Reeder Christopher , Singh Pulkit , Friedman Samuel F , Wasfy Meagan M , Alba George A , Maron Bradley A , Systrom David M , Wertheim Bradley M , Ellinor Patrick T , Ho Jennifer E , Baggish Aaron L , Batra Puneet , Lubitz Steven A , Guseh J Sawalla
Published: October 2023

Aims

To leverage deep learning on the resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) to estimate peak oxygen consumption (V˙O2peak) without cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).

Methods and results

V ˙ O 2 peak estimation models were developed in 1891 individuals undergoing CPET at Massachusetts General Hospital (age 45 ± 19 years, 38% female) and validated in a separate test set (MGH Test, n = 448) and external sample (BWH Test, n = 1076). Three penalized linear models were compared: (i) age, sex, and body mass index (‘Basic’), (ii) Basic plus standard ECG measurements (‘Basic + ECG Parameters’), and (iii) basic plus 320 deep learning-derived ECG variables instead of ECG measurements (‘Deep ECG-V˙O2’). Associations between estimated V˙O2peak and incident disease were assessed using proportional hazards models within 84 718 primary care patients without CPET. Inference ECGs preceded CPET by 7 days (median, interquartile range 27–0 days). Among models, Deep ECG-V˙O2 was most accurate in MGH Test [r = 0.845, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.817–0.870; mean absolute error (MAE) 5.84, 95% CI 5.39–6.29] and BWH Test (r = 0.552, 95% CI 0.509–0.592, MAE 6.49, 95% CI 6.21–6.67). Deep ECG-V˙O2 also outperformed the Wasserman, Jones, and FRIEND reference equations (P < 0.01 for comparisons of correlation). Performance was higher in BWH Test when individuals with heart failure (HF) were excluded (r = 0.628, 95% CI 0.567–0.682; MAE 5.97, 95% CI 5.57–6.37). Deep ECG-V˙O2 estimated V˙O2peak <14 mL/kg/min was associated with increased risks of incident atrial fibrillation [hazard ratio 1.36 (95% CI 1.21–1.54)], myocardial infarction [1.21 (1.02–1.45)], HF [1.67 (1.49–1.88)], and death [1.84 (1.68–2.03)].

Conclusion

Deep learning-enabled analysis of the resting 12-lead ECG can estimate exercise capacity (V˙O2peak) at scale to enable efficient cardiovascular risk stratification.
Individual- and group-level sex ratios under local mate competition: consequences of infanticide and reproductive dominance
Authors: Lehtonen Jussi , Malabusini Serena , Guo Xiaomeng , Hardy Ian C W
Published: October 2023

Extremely female-biased sex ratios of parasitoid wasps in multiple-foundress groups challenges evolutionary theory which predicts diminishing bias as foundress numbers increase. Recent theory based on foundress cooperation has achieved qualitative rather than quantitative success in explaining bias among parasitoids in the genus Sclerodermus. Here, we develop an explanation, expanding the theory of local mate competition, based on the observation that male production seems dominated by some foundresses within groups. Two sex ratio effects arise from such reproductive dominance: an immediate effect via suppression of male production, and a long-term evolutionary response to reproductive skew. We analyze the outcome of these effects at the individual and group level, the latter being more readily observable. Three model scenarios are analyzed: (1) random killing of developing sons in a group by all foundresses, without reproductive skew, (2) the development of reproductive dominance by some foundresses after sex allocation decisions by all foundresses have been implemented, and (3) reproductive dominance within foundress groups before sex allocation decisions are implemented. The 3 scenarios have subtly different implications for sex ratio evolution, with Models 2 and 3 being novel additions to theory, showing how reproductive dominance can alter the outcome of sex ratio evolution. All models match observations in their outcomes better than other recently proposed theory, but Models 2 and 3 are closest to observations in their underlying assumptions. Further, Model 2 shows that differential offspring mortality after parental investment can influence the primary sex ratio even when random with respect to parental and offspring characters, but targeted at entire clutches. The novel models are solved for both diploid and haplodiploid genetic systems, and confirmed with simulations. Overall, these models provide a feasible explanation for the extremely female-biased sex ratios produced by multi-foundress groups and expand the scope of local mate competition theory to consider reproductive dominance.
Testing Bidirectionality in Associations of Awareness of Age-Related Gains and Losses With Physical, Mental, and Cognitive Functioning Across 1 Year: The Role of Age
Authors: Sabatini Serena , Wahl Hans-Werner , Diehl Manfred , Clare Linda , Ballard Clive , Brooker Helen , Corbett Anne , Hampshire Adam , Stephan Blossom C M
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The bidirectionality between self-perceptions of aging and health-related outcomes may depend on age group. Therefore, we tested such bidirectionality among individuals in late midlife (50–64 years), young-old age (65-74 years), and old-old age (75+ years), taking advantage of the construct of Awareness of Age-Related Change (AARC) and its 2-dimensionality in terms of AARC-gains and AARC-losses. Various conceptualizations of physical, mental, and cognitive functioning were used as outcomes.

Methods

Data from 2 measurement occasions (2019 and 2020) from the UK PROTECT study for individuals in late midlife (N = 2,385), young-old age (N = 2,430), and old-old age (N = 539) were used. Data on self-reported functional difficulties, depression, anxiety, and performance on four computerized cognitive tasks (i.e., verbal reasoning, paired associate learning, self-ordered search, and digit span) providing a score for verbal reasoning and a score for working memory were analyzed using cross-lagged panel models.

Results

Across all 3 age groups, the bidirectional associations of AARC-gains with indicators of functioning were not significant, whereas higher AARC-losses significantly predicted slightly greater functional difficulties and higher depression and anxiety levels. Higher AARC-losses predicted slightly poorer Verbal Reasoning only in old-old age and poorer Working Memory predicted slightly higher AARC-losses only in young-old age. The remaining associations of AARC-losses with cognitive tasks were not statistically significant.

Discussion

In accordance with previous research targeting other indicators of self-perceptions of aging, this study supported a stronger impact of AARC-losses on indicators of physical functioning and mental health than vice versa from midlife to old-old age.
The Hidden Toll of Incarceration: Exploring the Link Between Incarceration Histories and Pain Among Older Adults in the United States
Authors: Yang Yulin , Lutz Gabriel , Zhang Yilin , Chen Chixiang , Kheirbek Raya Elfadel
Published: October 2023

Background and Objectives

Incarceration is linked to poor health outcomes across the life course. However, little is known whether and to what extent incarceration histories shape pain in later life. This study examines the relationships between incarceration histories and pain outcomes among middle-aged and older adults in the United States.

Research Design and Methods

Data from a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling adults aged 51 and over in the 2012–2018 biennial waves of the U.S. Health and Retirement Study was analyzed to examine how incarceration histories influence older adults’ risks of reporting moderate-to-severe pain and pain with physical limitations. We relied on a propensity score matching approach to account for the potential confounding bias. We fit weighted generalized estimating equation models to assess the relationships between incarceration history and pain outcomes. Models were further stratified by gender.

Results

After propensity score matching, our sample included 2,516 respondents aged 65 years on average (SD = 8.72), 21% female, and 838 with incarceration histories. Persons with incarceration histories have a greater risk of reporting moderate-to-severe pain (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.30, 95% confidence Interval [CI]: 1.20, 1.52) and pain with physical limitations (PR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.30, 1.68) even after adjusting for sociodemographic covariates and early life experiences. In the models stratified by gender, the associations between incarceration histories and incarceration were similar among women and men.

Discussion and Implications

In a nationally representative sample of older adults (with or without incarceration history), our study demonstrates an independent association between a history of incarceration and pain in later life. Our findings highlight the far-reaching impact of incarceration and the need for developing optimal management strategies to reduce the burden of disabling pain. Interventions should prioritize socioeconomically vulnerable groups who may have the least access to pain treatment in later life.