bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Screening of a Hungarian Cohort with Focal Dystonia Identified Several Novel Putative Pathogenic Gene Variants
Authors: Salamon András , Nagy Zsófia Flóra , Pál Margit , Szabó Máté , Csősz Ádám , Szpisjak László , Gárdián Gabriella , Zádori Dénes , Széll Márta , Klivényi Péter
Published: June 2023

Dystonia is a rare movement disorder which is characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal and often repetitive movements, postures, or both. The two most common forms of adult-onset focal dystonia are cervical dystonia (CD) and benign essential blepharospasm (BSP). A total of 121 patients (CD, 74; BSP, 47) were included in the study. The average age of the patients was 64 years. For the next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach, 30 genes were selected on the basis of a thorough search of the scientific literature. Assessment of 30 CD- and BSP-associated genes from 121 patients revealed a total of 209 different heterozygous variants in 24 genes. Established clinical and genetic validity was determined for nine heterozygous variations (three likely pathogenic and six variants of uncertain significance). Detailed genetic examination is an important part of the work-up for focal dystonia forms. To our knowledge, our investigation is the first such study to be carried out in the Middle-European region.
Rapid Identification by Resequencing-Based QTL Mapping of a Novel Allele RGA1-FH Decreasing Grain Length in a Rice Restorer Line ‘Fuhui212’
Authors: Ma Shiying , Zhong Yifan , Zheng Shuyi , He Ying , Yang Sihai , Wang Long , Traw Milton Brian , Zhang Qijun , Zhang Xiaohui
Published: June 2023

Grain size is one of the most frequently selected traits during domestication and modern breeding. The continued discovery and characterization of new genes and alleles in controlling grain size are important in safeguarding the food supply for the world’s growing population. Previously, a small grain size was observed in a rice restorer line ‘Fuhui212’, while the underlying genetic factors controlling this trait were unknown. In this study, by combining QTL mapping, variant effect prediction, and complementation experiments, we recovered a novel allele RGA1-FH that explains most of the phenotypic changes. The RGA1-FH allele contains an A-to-T splicing site variant that disrupts the normal function of RGA1. While population analysis suggests extremely strong artificial selection in maintaining a functional allele of RGA1, our study is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to prove that a dysfunctional RGA1 allele can also be beneficial in real agricultural production. Future breeding programs would benefit from paying more attention to the rational utilization of those overlooked ‘unfavored’ alleles.
Superoxide Radical Formed on the TiO2 Surface Produced from Ti(OiPr)4 Exposed to H2O2/KOH
Authors: Samoilova Rimma I. , Dikanov Sergei A.
Published: June 2023

In this study, the superoxide radical O2•− formed by treating Ti(OR)4 (R = iPr, nBu) with H2O2 in the presence of KOH was detected in the EPR spectra. The g-tensor of this radical differs from the typical values reported for a superoxide on various TiO2 surfaces. On the other hand, similar g-tensor components g||(zz = 2.10 ± 0.01, g⊥ = 2.005 ± 0.003 assigned to the O2•− were previously observed for radicals in aqueous solutions in the presence of K2O, alkaline solutions of DMSO, and water/DMSO mixtures. A common factor in all these systems is the presence of alkali ions. However, there was no structural support for the possible interaction of alkali ions with a superoxide in these systems. The use of multifrequency pulsed EPR techniques in this work revealed the stabilization of the O2•− near the K+ ion and its involvement in a strong hydrogen bond with the surface. These findings are consistent with the features previously reported for superoxides on a Na pre-covered MgO surface. Interactions with a closely located 23Na and a strongly coupled 1H proton were also seen in the HYSCORE spectra but assigned to two different superoxides with various gzz values presented in the sample.
Preparation and Properties of Three Plasticiser-Free Novel Di-benzo-18-Crown-6 Aldimine-Derived Lead(II) Ion-Selective Electrodes
Authors: Jackson Deneikah T. , Nelson Peter N. , Weston Kimberly , Taylor Richard A.
Published: June 2023

Three novel dibenzo-18-crown-6 aldimines were successfully synthesised and structurally characterised via various spectroscopic methods (1H,13H NMR, FT-IR) and their solution phase lead binding behaviours probed via absorption spectroscopy, the results are supported by Density Functional Theoretical (DFT) modelling. These methods revealed that the asymmetric nature of these compounds is such that at equilibrium the ether cavity adopts an open configuration where the constituent oxygen atoms exhibit a highly negative electrostatic potential; hence, they spontaneously (ΔG~−58 kJ mol−1) interact/bind aqueous lead ions to form stable 2:1 metal–ligand complexes. As indicated by cyclic and square voltammetry studies, all compounds are redox active and polymerise relatively easily onto a platinum surface to form a multi-layered lead Ion-selective Membrane (ISM), the structure of which is confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). These novel Ion-selective Electrodes (ISEs), as characterised by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (D PASV), allow selective electrochemical detection and quantification of lead at concentrations as low as 10 ppm, over a range of 15–60 ppm, with only minimal interference from mercury(II) and aluminium(III) ions at a 1:1 analyte-interferent ratio.
Investigating the Prognostic Role of Peripheral Inflammatory Markers in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Tondo Giacomo , Aprile Davide , De Marchi Fabiola , Sarasso Barbara , Serra Paola , Borasio Giordana , Rojo Esther , Arenillas Juan Francisco , Comi Cristoforo
Published: June 2023

Growing evidence suggests that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Peripheral markers of inflammation, including blood cell counts and their ratios, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), have been reported as an easily accessible and reliable proxy of central nervous system inflammation. However, the role of peripheral inflammation in dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) still needs to be clarified. In the current study, we aimed to assess the prognostic role of the NLR and other peripheral markers of inflammation in a sample of 130 amnestic MCI, followed up for two to five years. The Mini-Mental state examination (MMSE) score at baseline and follow-up visits was used to assess global cognitive status at each visit and the degree of cognitive decline over time. Baseline peripheral markers of inflammation included blood cell counts and ratios, specifically the NLR, the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and the systemic immune inflammation index (SII). After classifying subjects into CONVERTERS and non-CONVERTERS (respectively, patients converting to dementia and subjects showing stability at the last available follow-up), we compared peripheral markers of inflammation among groups ed correlated them with cognitive measures, testing the ability of significant factors to predict conversion to dementia. In our cohort, CONVERTERS showed lower baseline MMSE scores (p-value = 0.004) than non-CONVERTERS. In addition, CONVERTERS had statistically elevated NLR (p-value = 0.005), PLR (p-value = 0.002), and SII levels (p-value = 0.015), besides a lower number of lymphocytes (p-value = 0.004) compared with non-CONVERTERS. In a logistic regression analysis, baseline MMSE scores and NLR predicted conversion to dementia. Tertiles analysis showed that MCI with the highest NLR values had a higher conversion risk. Our study supports the hypothesis that a dysregulation of peripheral inflammation involving both lymphocytes and neutrophils may play a role in the pathogenesis of dementia, even at the early stages of neurodegeneration, as in the MCI condition.
Habituation to Pain in Patients with Chronic Pain: Clinical Implications and Future Directions
Authors: van der Miesen Maite M. , Vossen Catherine J. , Joosten Elbert A.
Published: June 2023

In this review, the latest insights into habituation to pain in chronic pain are summarized. Using a systematic search, results of studies on the evidence of habituation to (experimental) pain in migraine, chronic low back pain, fibromyalgia, and a variety of chronic pain indications are presented. In migraine, reduced habituation based on self-report and the EEG-based N1 and N2–P2 amplitude is reported, but the presence of contradictory results demands further replication in larger, well-designed studies. Habituation to pain in chronic low back pain seems not to differ from controls, with the exception of EEG measures. In fibromyalgia patients, there is some evidence for reduced habituation of the N2–P2 amplitude. Our analysis shows that the variability between outcomes of studies on habituation to pain is high. As the mechanisms underlying habituation to pain are still not fully understood and likely involve several pathways, it is now too early to conclude that habituation to pain is related to clinical outcomes and can be used as a diagnostic marker. The review ends with a discussion on future directions for research including the use of standard outcome measures to improve comparisons of habituation to pain in patients and controls, as well as a focus on individual differences.
One-Year Results of Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia and Compound Myopic Astigmatism with 210 nm Wavelength All Solid-State Laser for Refractive Surgery
Authors: Roszkowska Anna M. , Tumminello Giuseppe , Licitra Carmelo , Severo Alice A. , Inferrera Leandro , Camellin Umberto , Schiano-Lomoriello Domenico , Aragona Pasquale
Published: June 2023

Background: To examine the 12-month clinical and refractive outcomes of PRK performed with a UV all-solid-state laser. Methods: The study included healthy patients with myopia and/or compound myopic astigmatism enrolled for refractive surgery and treated with PRK using a 210 nm wavelength, 2 kHz repetition rate, UV all-solid-state laser (LaserSoft, Katana Technologies GmbH, Kleinmachnow, Germany). All subjects were examined at baseline and after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the treatment with a slit lamp, refraction, visual acuity assessment (logMAR chart), tonometry, ophthalmoscopy, and corneal tomography with a Scheimpflug camera. The outcome measures considered were uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities, refraction, central corneal thickness, and transparency. The efficacy, safety, predictability, and stability were determined. Results: The study included 34 eyes of 19 patients. The mean UDVA changed from 1.20 ± 0.43 to −0.05 ± 0.10 logMAR at 12 months, and the mean CDVA changed from −0.03 ± 0.06 to −0.06 ± 0.09 logMAR, respectively. The mean spherical equivalent (SE) changed from −4.90 ± 2.12 D to −0.01 ± 0.40 D and was within ±0.50 D of the intended correction in 91% of eyes and within ±1.00 D in 97% of eyes at 12 months. No eyes lost lines of visual acuity, and 64% of eyes gained one or more lines. Conclusions: PRK with the 210 nm wavelength, 2 kHz repetition rate, all-solid-state laser LaserSoft system proved to have good visual, refractive, and clinical outcomes after the follow-up at 12 months. The emerging gas-free, solid-state technology might be considered a valid alternative for the gas operating lasers for corneal refractive surgery.
Impact of Light Conditions on Visual Performance following Premium Pseudophakic Presbyopia Corrections
Authors: Panagiotopoulou Eirini-Kanella , Boboridis Kostas , Seimenis Ioannis , Labiris Georgios
Published: June 2023

The primary objective of this study was to objectively compare the visual performance of patients following premium pseudophakic presbyopia corrections in different light combinations for near- and intermediate-vision activities of daily living (ADLs). This is a prospective, comparative study. A total of 75 patients populated three study groups: G1-patients with bilateral trifocal implantation, G2-patients with bilateral bifocal implantation, and G3-patients with bilateral monofocal implantation. All participants addressed 10 ADLs in nine combinations of light temperature (3000 K, 4000 K, and 6000 K) and light intensity (25 fc, 50 fc, and 75 fc) and declared their subjectively optimal light combination while reading. G2 and G3 had the best total ADL scores in 6000 K/75 fc, while G1 had the best total ADL score in 4000 K/75 fc. Total ADL, easy ADL, and moderate difficulty ADL scores were significantly better in G2, while difficult ADL score was significantly better in G1. The majority of all groups selected 6000 K/75 fc as the most comfortable light combination, and no group selected 3000 K and 25 fc. In conclusion, trifocal patients benefit from intense daylight, while bifocal and monofocal patients benefit from intense, cold lighting. Trifocal patients present superior near-vision capacity in difficult near-vision daily tasks, while bifocal patients present superiority in easy and moderate-difficulty ADLs.
Subcutaneous Immunotherapy (SCIT) with the New Polymerized Molecular Allergoid Alt a1: A Pilot Study in Children with Allergic Rhinitis Sensitized to Alternaria Alternata
Authors: Brindisi Giulia , Gori Alessandra , Anania Caterina , Martinelli Ivana , Capponi Martina , De Castro Giovanna , Zicari Anna Maria
Published: June 2023

Background: We followed the effects of a new SCIT with a chemically polymerized allergen Alt a1, evaluating the trend of clinical and functional parameters in an observational-prospective study. Methods: 42 children with AR and intermittent asthma sensitized to A.A.: 17 patients started SCIT (Modigoid®), and 25 continued symptomatic therapy. At the initial visit (T0), all patients performed total IgE (tIgE) and specific IgE (sIgE) for Alt a1, nasal nitric oxide (nFeNo), nasal cytology, anterior active rhinomanometry (AAR) and spirometry. After 24 months (T1), they repeated the same procedures as in T0. Results: Patients treated with Modigoid presented a statistically significant (p < 0.001) reduction of nFeNO (T0:1651.06 ± 149.18; T1: 1394.12 ± 108.98), tIgE (T0: 311.48 ± 144.18; T1: 164.73 ± 50.69), sIgE for Alt a1 (T0: 28.59 ± 12.69; T1: 19.54 ± 7.37), an improvement of nasal airflow (T0: 71.62 ± 8.66; T1: 95.12 ± 5.91), nasal eosinophils (T0: 20.59 ± 2.35; T1: 14.88 ± 1.65) and FEV1 (T0: 95.58 ± 7.91; T1: 116.64 ± 5.94). Conclusions: The new SCIT for Alt a1 significantly improves AR symptoms from a subjective, objective point of view and laboratory and functional parameters.
Prokineticin 2 and Cytokine Content in the Synovial Fluid of Knee Osteoarthritis and Traumatic Meniscal Tear Patients: Preliminary Results
Authors: Turati Marco , Franchi Silvia , Crippa Marco , Rizzi Laura , Rigamonti Luca , Sacerdote Paola , Gatti Simone Daniel , Piatti Massimiliano , Galimberti Giulia , Munegato Daniele , Amodeo Giada , Omeljaniuk Robert J. , Zatti Giovanni , Torsello Antonio , Bigoni Marco
Published: June 2023

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative inflammatory-based condition caused by a cascade of different intra-articular molecules including several cytokines. Among the cytokines, prokineticins (PKs) have recently been identified as important mediators of inflammation and pain. This observational study examined the potential involvement of PK2 in degenerative or traumatic knee disease. Fifteen patients presenting knee osteoarthritis (OA group) and 15 patients presenting a traumatic meniscal tear (TM group) were studied. Synovial fluid samples from affected knees were assessed for PK2, IL-10, and TNF-α using the ELISA method. At a long-term follow-up (minimum 5 years, mean = 6.1 years), patients in the TM group underwent clinical re-evaluation with PROMs (Tegner Activity Scale, IKDC, Lysholm, SKV); in addition, X-ray visualization was used to assess the presence of secondary OA. PK2 was detected in synovial fluids of both TM and OA patients and the levels were comparable between the two groups, while IL-10 levels were significantly greater in the OA group than those in TM patients. PK2 levels correlated with those of IL-10. PK2 levels were greater in blood effusions compared to clear samples, did not differ significantly between sexes, nor were they related to differences in weight, height, or injury (meniscal laterality, time since dosing). No correlation was found between PROMs and radiological classifications in patients in the TM group at final follow-up. These data are the first observations of PK2 in synovial fluid following traumatic meniscus injury. These findings suggest possible further prognostic indices and therapeutic targets to limit the development of secondary OA.
Oxidative Stress and Cellular Protein Accumulation Are Present in Keratoconus, Macular Corneal Dystrophy, and Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Vottonen Linda , Koskela Ali , Felszeghy Szabolcs , Wylegala Adam , Kryszan Katarzyna , Gurubaran Iswariyaraja Sridevi , Kaarniranta Kai , Wylegala Edward
Published: June 2023

The aim of the study was to investigate oxidative stress as well as cellular protein accumulation in corneal diseases including keratoconus (KC), macular corneal dystrophy (MCD), and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) at their primary affecting sites. Corneal buttons from KC, MCD, and FECD patients, as well as healthy controls, were analyzed immunohistochemically to evaluate the presence of oxidative stress and the function of the proteostasis network. 4-Fydroxynonenal (4-HNE) was used as a marker of oxidative stress, whereas the levels of catalase and heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) were analyzed to evaluate the response of the antioxidant defense system and molecular chaperones, respectively. Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) levels were determined to assess protein aggregation and the functionality of autophagic degradation. Basal epithelial cells of the KC samples showed increased levels of oxidative stress marker 4-HNE and antioxidant enzyme catalase together with elevated levels of HSP70 and accumulation of SQSTM1. Corneal stromal cells and endothelial cells from MCD and FECD samples, respectively, showed similarly increased levels of these markers. All corneal diseases showed the presence of oxidative stress and activation of the molecular chaperone response to sustain protein homeostasis. However, the accumulation of protein aggregates suggests insufficient function of the protective mechanisms to limit the oxidative damage and removal of protein aggregates via autophagy. These results suggest that oxidative stress has a role in KC, MCD, and FECD at the cellular level as a secondary outcome. Thus, antioxidant- and autophagy-targeted therapies could be included as supporting care when treating KC or corneal dystrophies.
A System-Theory and Complex Network-Fused Approach to Analyze Vessel–Wind Turbine Allisions in Offshore Wind Farm Waters
Authors: Yan Kai , Wang Yanhui , Wang Wenhao , Qiao Chunfu , Chen Bing , Jia Limin
Published: June 2023

Given the national goal of “emission peaking and carbon neutralization”, China has become the largest country in the world for offshore wind farm construction. At the same time, navigational safety problems in offshore wind farm waters have become increasingly frequent. Owing to the complexity of offshore wind farm waters and the small number of accident data samples available for reference, the system theory method is more suitable for selection than the traditional method. Based on causal analysis based on system theory (CAST) and a complex network (CN), in this study, a qualitative and quantitative accident analysis model, CAST-CN, is constructed to analyze a complete case of vessel and wind turbine allision in offshore wind farm waters. The results show that, at the micro level, in addition to the master, crew, shipping company, and typhoon Hato, the maritime safety administration and the wind farm operation management department have a certain impact on the development of the accident discussed in this study. At the macro level, internal and external factors leading to the lack of system safety are identified, and measures and suggestions for system safety improvement are proposed based on analysis. This study can fill the research gap in the systematic analysis of traffic accidents in offshore wind farm waters and provide support for the safety assessment and decision-making of government management departments and research institutes.
Genomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Endophytic Fungus Fusarium sp. VM-40 Isolated from the Medicinal Plant Vinca minor
Authors: He Ting , Li Xiao , Iacovelli Riccardo , Hackl Thomas , Haslinger Kristina
Published: June 2023

The genus Fusarium is well-known to comprise many pathogenic fungi that affect cereal crops worldwide, causing severe damage to agriculture and the economy. In this study, an endophytic fungus designated Fusarium sp. VM-40 was isolated from a healthy specimen of the traditional European medicinal plant Vinca minor. Our morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis reveal that Fusarium sp. VM-40 is closely related to Fusarium paeoniae, belonging to the F. tricinctum species complex (FTSC), the genomic architecture and secondary metabolite profile of which have not been investigated. Thus, we sequenced the whole genome of Fusarium sp. VM-40 with the new Oxford Nanopore R10.4 flowcells. The assembled genome is 40 Mb in size with a GC content of 47.72%, 15 contigs (≥50,000 bp; N 50~4.3 Mb), and 13,546 protein-coding genes, 691 of which are carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme)-encoding genes. We furthermore predicted a total of 56 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) with antiSMASH, 25 of which showed similarity with known BGCs. In addition, we explored the potential of this fungus to produce secondary metabolites through untargeted metabolomics. Our analyses reveal that this fungus produces structurally diverse secondary metabolites of potential pharmacological relevance (alkaloids, peptides, amides, terpenoids, and quinones). We also employed an epigenetic manipulation method to activate cryptic BGCs, which led to an increased abundance of several known compounds and the identification of several putative new compounds. Taken together, this study provides systematic research on the whole genome sequence, biosynthetic potential, and metabolome of the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. VM-40.
European Refugee Crisis or European Migration Crisis? How Words Matter in the News Framing (2015–2020) of Asylum Seekers, Refugees, and Migrants
Authors: Verleyen Emmi , Beckers Kathleen
Published: June 2023

Asylum seekers, refugees, and migrants are central concepts in news coverage of immigration. However, these three terms refer to distinct groups with different meanings and potentially different frames, which could be negative, victim-based, or positive. Additionally, it is uncertain to what extent these groups are given a voice and how this is linked to the news frames used. To address this, a content analysis of 503 articles about asylum seekers, refugees, and migrants in a Belgian elite newspaper and a popular newspaper was conducted for the period from 2015 until 2020. We focus specifically on differences between the crisis years and the non-crisis period thereafter. Our results indicate that if asylum seekers, refugees, and migrants are given a voice, they are more likely to be framed positively or as victims. However, if they are only mentioned, a negative frame is more common. Asylum seekers are also more likely to be negatively framed than migrants and refugees. Moreover, we find no differences between the elite and popular newspapers in how they frame and give a voice to these three actors.
The Impact of Integrated Reporting on the Cost of Capital: Evidence from an Emerging Market
Authors: Pirgaip Burak , Rizvić Lamija
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of integrated reporting (IR) on the cost of financing within the Turkish capital market. Specifically, we analyze the effects of IR on the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), cost of equity (COE), and cost of debt (COD) for companies listed on Borsa Istanbul. Additionally, we explore how IR moderates the relationship between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) scores and the cost of financing. Our panel data analysis reveals a positive association between IR and both WACC and COD, while the impact on COE is not statistically significant. However, the findings suggest that the utilization of IR by companies to enhance the communication of their value-creating activities can mitigate WACC and COD, thus indicating a moderating effect on the relationship between ESG factors and the cost of financing.
The Power of Data: How Traffic Demand and Data Analytics Are Driving Network Evolution toward 6G Systems
Authors: Sabella Dario , Micheli Davide , Nardini Giovanni
Published: June 2023

The evolution of communication systems always follows data traffic evolution and further influences innovations that are unlocking new markets and services. While 5G deployment is still ongoing in various countries, data-driven considerations (extracted from forecasts at the macroscopic level, detailed analysis of live network traffic patterns, and specific measures from terminals) can conveniently feed insights suitable for many purposes (B2B e.g., operator planning and network management; plus also B2C e.g., smarter applications and AI-aided services) in the view of future 6G systems. Moreover, technology trends from standards and research projects (such as Hexa-X) are moving with industry efforts on this evolution. This paper shows the importance of data-driven insights, by first exploring network evolution across the years from a data point of view, and then by using global traffic forecasts complemented by data traffic extractions from a live 5G operator network (statistical network counters and measures from terminals) to draw some considerations on the possible evolution toward 6G. It finally presents a concrete case study showing how data collected from the live network can be exploited to help the design of AI operations and feed QoS predictions.
The Impact of Potassium Binders on Mortality in Patients with Hyperkalemia: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Nagasu Hajime , Tokuyama Atsuyuki , Kanda Eiichiro , Itano Seiji , Kishi Seiji , Sasaki Tamaki , Kashihara Naoki
Published: June 2023

Hyperkalemia is associated with an increased risk of mortality and is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite the prevalence of hyperkalemia, current real-world data suggest that serum potassium levels are not effectively managed in clinical practice. The potential benefit of potassium binders in reducing the risk of death has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the potential impact of potassium binders on mortality risk in patients with CKD by analyzing electronic medical records. The study included 1689 patients with CKD and hyperkalemia (serum potassium level > 5.0 mEq/L), who visited Kawasaki Medical School Hospital between January 2014 and December 2018. The patients were divided into two groups: those without CPS (calcium polystyrene sulphonate) treatment (CPS_OFF) and those with CPS treatment (CPS_ON). The results showed that the incidence of death was significantly higher in the CPS_OFF group than in the CPS_ON group (22.3% vs. 19.6%, p < 0.001). After propensity score matching, the CPS_ON group had a higher survival rate than the CPS_OFF group (log-rank test, p = 0.020). These results suggest that potassium binders may reduce the risk of death in patients with CKD and hyperkalemia. We hope that the results of this cohort study will be confirmed in future RCTs.
Spatial Prediction of Soil Particle-Size Fractions Using Digital Soil Mapping in the North Eastern Region of India
Authors: Jena Roomesh Kumar , Moharana Pravash Chandra , Dharumarajan Subramanian , Sharma Gulshan Kumar , Ray Prasenjit , Deb Roy Partha , Ghosh Dibakar , Das Bachaspati , Alsuhaibani Amnah Mohammed , Gaber Ahmed , Hossain Akbar
Published: June 2023

Numerous applications in agriculture, climate, ecology, hydrology, and the environment are severely constrained by the lack of detailed information on soil texture. The purpose of this study was to predict soil particle-size fractions (PSF) in the Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya state, India, using a random forest model (RF). For the modeling of soil particle-size fractions, we employed 95 soil profiles (456 depth-wise layers) gathered from a recent national land resource inventory as well as currently accessible environmental variables. Sand, silt, and clay content were predicted using the Random Forest model at varied depths of 0–5, 5–15, 30–60, 60–100, and 100–200 cm. Our results showed the R2 for sand was found to be 0.30 (0–5 cm), 0.28 (5–15 cm), and 0.21 (15–30 cm). For the sand, silt, and clay fractions, respectively, the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was found to be greater in the 0–30 cm, 0–60 cm, and 0–15 cm depths. When there is a reasonably close monitoring of the coverage probability with a confidence level along the 1:1 line, prediction interval coverage probability (PICP) gives a decent indicator of what to anticipate. The most crucial variables for the prediction of sand and silt were channel network base level (CNBL) and LS-Factor, whereas Min Temperature of Coldest Month (°C) (BIO6) was discovered for clay prediction. For all three soil texture fractions, the range between the 5% lower and 95% higher prediction bounds was large, indicating that the existing spatial predictions may be improved. The maps of soil texture were significantly more precise, and they accurately depicted the spatial variations of particle-size fractions. Additionally, there is still a need to investigate novel methodologies for extensive digital soil mapping, which will be very advantageous for many international initiatives.
Transcriptional Profiles of Mitochondrial Dynamics Markers Are Disturbed in Adrenal Glands of Stressed Adult Male Rats
Authors: Keselj Isidora M. , Bozic Filip N. , Vucinic Miodrag M. , Lalosevic Dusan , Kostic Tatjana S. , Andric Silvana A.
Published: June 2023

Mitochondrial dynamics plays a significant role in shaping the mitochondrial network and maintaining mitochondrial function. Imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics can cause mitochondrial dysfunction leading to a wide range of diseases/disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of mitochondrial dynamics markers and regulatory molecules in whole adrenal glands, cortices, and medullae obtained from adult male rats exposed to acute and repeated psychophysical stress, the most common stress in human society. The transcriptional profiles of most of the mitochondrial dynamics markers investigated here were altered: 81%-(17/21) in the whole adrenal gland, 76.2%-(16/21) in the adrenal cortex, and 85.7%-(18/21) in the adrenal medulla. Changes were evident in representatives of every process of mitochondrial dynamics. Markers of mitobiogenesis were changed up to 62.5%-(5/8) in the whole adrenal gland, 62.5%-(5/8) in the adrenal cortex, and 87.5%-(7/8) in the adrenal medulla. Markers of mitofusion were changed up to 100%-(3/3) in the whole adrenal gland, 66.7%-(5/8) in the adrenal cortex, and 87.5%-(7/8) in the adrenal medulla, while all markers of mitofission and mitophagy were changed in the adrenal glands. Moreover, almost all markers of mitochondrial functionality were changed: 83.3%-(5/6) in the whole adrenal, 83.3%-(5/6) in the cortex, 66.7%-(4/6) in the medulla. Accordingly, the study highlights the significant impact of acute and repeated stress on mitochondrial dynamics in the adrenal gland.
The Effect of Caffeine on Heart Rate Variability in Newborns: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lenasi Helena , Rihar Eva , Filipič Jerneja , Klemenc Matjaž , Fister Petja
Published: June 2023

Neonatal apnoea can be treated with caffeine, which affects the central nervous and cardiovascular systems. Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and might be used as a measure of ANS maturation in newborns. We aimed to establish the effect of caffeine on HRV in newborns and investigated the potential correlation between HRV and postmenstrual age (PMA). In 25 haemodynamically stable newborns hospitalized due to apnoea and treated with caffeine (2.5 mg/kg), we assessed breathing frequency, arterial oxygen saturation, body temperature, and the heart rate while they were sleeping. We assessed HRV by spectral analysis using fast Fourier transformation. The same protocol was reapplied 100 h after caffeine withdrawal to assess the control parameters. Caffeine increased breathing frequency (p = 0.023) but did not affect any other parameter assessed including HRV. We established a positive correlation between postmenstrual age and HRV during treatment with caffeine as well as after caffeine had been withdrawn (total power: p = 0.044; low-frequency band: p = 0.039). Apparently, the maintenance dose of caffeine is too low to affect the heart rate and HRV. A positive correlation between PMA and HRV might reflect maturation of the ANS, irrespective of caffeine treatment.
Cleaning Strategies of Synthesized Bioactive Coatings by PEO on Ti-6Al-4V Alloys of Organic Contaminations
Authors: Schwartz Avital , Kossenko Alexey , Zinigrad Michael , Danchuk Viktor , Sobolev Alexander
Published: June 2023

The effect of various cleaning methods on coating morphology and their effectiveness in removing organic contaminants has been studied in this research. Bioactive coatings containing titanium oxides and hydroxyapatite (HAP) were obtained through plasma electrolytic oxidation in aqueous electrolytes and molten salts. The cleaning procedure for the coated surface was performed using autoclave (A), ultraviolet light (UV), radio frequency (RF), air plasma (P), and UV-ozone cleaner (O). The samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an EDS detector, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray phase analysis (XRD), and contact angle (CA) measurements. The conducted studies revealed that the samples obtained from molten salt exhibited a finer crystalline structure morphology (275 nm) compared to those obtained from aqueous electrolytes (350 nm). After applying surface cleaning methods, the carbon content decreased from 5.21 at.% to 0.11 at.% (XPS), which directly corresponds to a reduction in organic contaminations and a decrease in the contact angle as follows: A > UV > P > O. This holds true for both coatings obtained in molten salt (25.3° > 19.5° > 10.5° > 7.5°) and coatings obtained in aqueous electrolytes (35.2° > 28.3° > 26.1° > 16.6°). The most effective and moderate cleaning method is ozone treatment.
Abruptly Autofocusing Vortex Beams for Rapid Controllable Femtosecond Two-Photon Polymerization
Authors: Jia Erse , Xie Chen , Yang Yue , Xiao Na , Hu Minglie
Published: June 2023

Micro-fabrication based on structured-beam-assisted Two-Photon Polymerization (2 PP) provides a rapid and flexible method for the manufacture of microstructures with complex morphologies. The tunable Abruptly Autofocusing Vortex (AAFV) beams were designed theoretically and generated experimentally based on a single-phase-only Spatial Light Modulator (SLM). Their specific spatial intensity distributions were further utilized to assist the fabrication of a bowl-shaped Three-Dimensional (3D) micro-trap array via 2 PP with a one-step exposure technique. Finally, the fabricated microstructures act as a novel tool for the trapping and spatial positioning of micro-particles with different diameters, which shows potential applications in fiber optics and cell study.
The Kinetics of the Redox Reaction of Platinum(IV) Ions with Ascorbic Acid in the Presence of Oxygen
Authors: Luty-Błocho Magdalena , Szot Aleksandra , Hessel Volker , Fitzner Krzysztof
Published: June 2023

In this work, the kinetics of the redox reaction between platinum(IV) chloride complex ions and ascorbic acid is studied. The reduction process of Pt(IV) to Pt(II) ions was carried out at different reagent concentrations and environmental conditions, i.e., pH (2.2–5.1), temperature (20–40 °C), ionic strength (I = 0.00–0.40 M) and concentrations of chloride ions (0.00–0.40 M). The kinetic traces during the reduction process were registered using stopped-flow spectrophotometry. Based on the kinetic traces, the rate constants were determined, and the kinetic equations were proposed. It was shown that in the mild acidic medium (pH = 2.5), the reduction process of Pt(IV) to Pt(II) ions is more complex in the presence of oxygen dissolved in the aqueous solutions. For these processes, the values of the enthalpy and entropy of activation were determined. Moreover, the mechanism of the reduction of Pt(IV) to Pt(II) ions was proposed. The presented results give an overview of the process of the synthesis of platinum nanoparticles in the solution containing oxygen, in which the reduction process of Pt(IV) to Pt(II) ions is the first step.
Microstructure Evolution of the Near-Surface Deformed Layer and Corrosion Behavior of Hot Rolled AA7050 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Liu Ergen , Pan Qinglin , Liu Bing , Ye Ji , Wang Weiyi
Published: June 2023

The current study investigates the influence of hot rolling on the microstructure evolution of the near-surface region on AA7050 aluminum alloy and the corrosion performance of the alloy. It is revealed that hot rolling resulted in grain refinement in the near-surface region, caused by dynamic recrystallization, and equiaxed grains less than 500 nm can be clearly observed. Fibrous grains were evident in the hot rolled AA7050 aluminum alloy with relatively lower rolling temperature or larger rolling reduction, caused by the more severe elemental segregation at grain boundaries, which inhibited the progression of dynamic recrystallization. The density of the precipitates in the fibrous grain layer was higher, compared with those in the equiaxed grain layer, due to the increased dislocation density, combined with more severe elemental segregation, which significantly promoted the nucleation of precipitates. With the co-influence exerted by low density of precipitates and dislocations on the improvement of the corrosion performance of the alloy, the rolled AA7050 alloy with decreased density of precipitates and dislocations exhibited better corrosion resistance.
The Influence of the Washing Process on the Impedance of Textronic Radio Frequency Identification Transponder Antennas
Authors: Nizioł Magdalena , Jankowski-Mihułowicz Piotr , Węglarski Mariusz
Published: June 2023

Antennas dedicated to RFID systems created on textile substrates should maintain strictly defined parameters. During washing, the materials from which such antennas are made are exposed to mechanical and chemical exposure—degradation of the parameters characterizing those materials may occur, which in turn may lead to a change in the parameters of the antenna. For research purposes, four groups of model dipole antennas (sewn with two types of conductive threads on two fabrics) were created and then they were subjected to several washing processes. After each stage of the experiment, the impedance parameters of the demonstration antennas were measured using indirect measurements. Based on the obtained results, it was found that these parameters change their values during washing, and that this is influenced by a number of factors, e.g., shrinkage of the substrate fabric.
Canard Mechanism and Rhythm Dynamics of Neuron Models
Authors: Zhan Feibiao , Zhang Yingteng , Song Jian , Liu Shenquan
Published: June 2023

Canards are a type of transient dynamics that occur in singularly perturbed systems, and they are specific types of solutions with varied dynamic behaviours at the boundary region. This paper introduces the emergence and development of canard phenomena in a neuron model. The singular perturbation system of a general neuron model is investigated, and the link between the transient transition from a neuron model to a canard is summarised. First, the relationship between the folded saddle-type canard and the parabolic burster, as well as the firing-threshold manifold, is established. Moreover, the association between the mixed-mode oscillation and the folded node type is unique. Furthermore, the connection between the mixed-mode oscillation and the limit-cycle canard (singular Hopf bifurcation) is stated. In addition, the link between the torus canard and the transition from tonic spiking to bursting is illustrated. Finally, the specific manifestations of these canard phenomena in the neuron model are demonstrated, such as the singular Hopf bifurcation, the folded-node canard, the torus canard, and the “blue sky catastrophe”. The summary and outlook of this paper point to the realistic possibility of canards, which have not yet been discovered in the neuron model.
Theorem on the Structure of the Fractionally Linear Functional Extremal Function
Authors: Kashtanov Victor , Bochkov Alexander , Zaitseva Olga
Published: June 2023

The paper proves a theorem about the structure of the distribution function on which the extremum of the fractionally linear functional is reached in the presence of an uncountable number of linear constraints. The problem of finding an extremal distribution function arises when determining the optimal control strategy in a class of Markov homogeneous randomized control strategies. The structure of extremal functions is described by a finite number of parameters; hence, the problem is greatly simplified since it is reduced to the search for an extremum of some function.
Orderings over Intuitionistic Fuzzy Pairs Generated by the Power Mean and the Weighted Power Mean
Authors: Vassilev Peter , Stoyanov Todor , Todorova Lyudmila , Marazov Alexander , Andonov Velin , Ikonomov Nikolay
Published: June 2023

In the present work, we prove a result concerning an ordering over intuitionistic fuzzy pairs generated by the power mean (Mp) for p>0. We also introduce a family of orderings over intuitionistic fuzzy pairs generated by the weighted power mean (Mpα) and prove that a similar result holds for them. The considered orderings in a natural way extend the classical partial ordering and allow the comparison of previously incomparable alternatives. In the process of proving these properties, we establish some inequalities involving logarithms which may be of interest by themselves. We also show that there exists p>0 for which a finite set of alternatives, satisfying some reasonable requirements, some of which were not comparable under the classical ordering, has all its elements comparable under the new ordering. Finally, we provide some examples for the possible use of these orderings to a set of alternatives, which are in the form of intuitionistic fuzzy pairs as well as to results from InterCriteria Analysis.
Bio-Based Polymeric Membranes: Development and Environmental Applications
Authors: Morales-Jiménez Mónica , Palacio Daniel A. , Palencia Manuel , Meléndrez Manuel F. , Rivas Bernabé L.
Published: June 2023

Nowadays, membrane technology is an efficient process for separating compounds with minimal structural abrasion; however, the manufacture of membranes still has several drawbacks to being profitable and competitive commercially under an environmentally friendly approach. In this sense, this review focuses on bio-based polymeric membranes as an alternative to solve the environmental concern caused by the use of polymeric materials of fossil origin. The fabrication of bio-based polymeric membranes is explained through a general description of elements such as the selection of bio-based polymers, the preparation methods, the usefulness of additives, the search for green solvents, and the characterization of the membranes. The advantages and disadvantages of bio-based polymeric membranes are discussed, and the application of bio-based membranes to recover organic and inorganic contaminants is also discussed.
A Design of Quad-Element Dual-Band MIMO Antenna for 5G Application
Authors: Shi Chengxin , Zhao Zhuolin , Du Chengzhu
Published: June 2023

A dual-band four-element MIMO antenna was designed and fabricated with enhanced isolation. The introduced antenna was fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) and consisted of four identical monopole antenna elements placed perpendicular to each other. A cross-shaped stub and orthogonal placement of four elements were introduced for high isolation. Modified ground structure was used for extending bandwidths. The measured results demonstrate that the introduced antenna has double bands (S11 < −10 dB) covering 3.28–4.15 GHz and 4.69–6.01 GHz, with fractional bandwidths of 23.4% and 24.7% and a high isolation S21, S31 better than 19 dB. The curves of the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and diversity gain (DG) were less than 0.0025 and higher than 9.999, respectively, indicating a low correlation between antenna elements. Furthermore, gain, efficiency, channel capacity loss (CCL), total active reflection coefficient (TARC) and mean effective gain (MEG) have all been investigated over the operating band to determine the antenna’s diversity performance. In accordance with the simulated and measured results, it confirms that the proposed antenna is appropriate for 5G applications.
Linking Groundwater to Surface Discharge Ecosystems: Archaeal, Bacterial, and Eukaryotic Community Diversity and Structure in Quebec (Canada)
Authors: Groult Benjamin , St-Jean Vicky , Lazar Cassandre Sara
Published: June 2023

Aquifer systems are composed of water flowing from surface recharge areas, to the subsurface and back to the surface in discharge regions. Groundwater habitats harbor a large microbial biomass and diversity, potentially contributing to surface aquatic ecosystems. Although this contribution has been widely studied in marine environments, very little is known about the connection between underground and surface microbial communities in freshwater settings. Therefore, in this study, we used amplicon sequencing to analyze the archaeal, bacterial, and eukaryotic community diversity and structure in groundwater and surface water samples, spanning the vast regions of the Laurentides and Lanaudières in the Quebec province (Canada). Our results show significant differences between subsurface and surface taxa; with more fungi, Amoebozoa, and chemolithoautotrophic prokaryotes involved in nitrogen-, sulfur-, and iron-cycling dominating the underground samples; while algae, ciliates, methanogens, and Actinobacteria dominate the surface discharge waters. Microbial source tracking suggested that only a small portion of the microbial communities in the groundwater contributed to the surface discharge communities. However, many taxa were shared between both habitats, with a large range of functional diversity, likely explaining their survival in both subsurface and surface water ecosystems.