bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Length Scale Limits of Porous Silicon Combustion
Authors: Piekiel Nicholas W. , Morris Christopher J. , Churaman Wayne A. , Lunking David M.
Published: May 2015

The present study explores the burning of microscale porous silicon channels with sodium perchlorate. These on-chip porous silicon energetics were embedded in crystalline silicon, and therefore surrounded on three sides by an efficient thermal conductor. For slow burning systems, this presents complications as heat loss to the crystalline silicon substrate can result in inconsistent burning or flame extinction. We investigated <100 μm wide porous silicon strips, sparsely filled with sodium perchlorate (NaClO4), to probe the limits of on-chip combustion. Four different etch times were attempted to decrease the dimensions of the porous silicon strips. The smallest size achieved was 12 x 64 µm, and despite the small dimensions, demonstrated the same flame speed as the larger porous silicon strips of 6-7 m/s. We predict that unreacted porous silicon acts as a thermal insulator to aid combustion for slow burning porous silicon channels, and SEM images provide evidence to support this. We also investigated the small scale combustion of a rapidly burning sample (∼1200 m/s). Despite the rapid flame speed, the propagation followed a designed, winding flame path. The use of these small scale porous silicon samples could significantly reduce the energetic material footprint for future microscale applications.
Can a National Network of Undergraduate Research Program Directors Validate a Set of Professional Skills-Building Science Communication Workshops?
Authors: Alpert Carol Lynn , Thate Karine
Published: May 2015

This paper reports on the progress of an ongoing strategy for dissemination of a set of science communication workshops targeted to students participating in undergraduate research experiences on university campuses. Previous MRS Proceedings papers by the first author and collaborators focused on (1) the development and validation of the REU Science Communication Workshop (REU SCW) model through iterative practice, research and evaluation between 2005 and 2009, and (2) the 2012 testing of a scaffolded and piggybacked "beyond train-the-trainer” mode of dissemination of the REU SCW model to multiple university campuses, as compared to a highly-validated but less efficient one-to-one transfer process deployed between Boston and Madison between 2010 and 2012. This new paper reports on the follow-up effort to confirm and validate the success of the REU SCW workshop model as implemented at the second-wave of dissemination sites by the new cohort of participating undergraduate research program directors. We analyze data gathered in 2013 and 2014 from the participating students, faculty, and providers. The results indicate that the second-wave providers were able to reproduce the successful results achieved at the origination and first dissemination sites, and that providers and stakeholders at these additional sites value the model enough to continue providing it and in some cases to laterally expand it to other programs on campus. These findings suggest that it is possible to greatly expand the number of undergraduate research experience students receiving quality coaching in professional science communication skills by providing their program directors with a comprehensive professional development experience, employing the scaffolded, piggybacked, “beyond train-the-trainer” professional development model.
SET and RESET Kinetics of SrTiO3-based Resistive Memory Devices
Authors: Fleck Karsten , Böttger Ulrich , Waser Rainer , Menzel Stephan
Published: May 2015

In this paper we present a study of the switching kinetics of SrTiO3 based resistive switching memory devices. A pulse scheme is used to cycle the cells between the high resistive state (HRS) and the low resistive state (LRS) thereby monitoring the transient currents for a precise analysis of the SET and RESET transitions. By variation of the width and amplitude of the applied pulses the switching kinetics are studied between 10-8 and 104 s. Taking the pre-switching currents into account, a power dependency of the SET is found that emphasizes the importance of local Joule heating for the nonlinearity of the switching kinetics.
INCOMPETENCE IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - IT IS A BRAKE OF PROGRESS OR ABOUT RAIDING IN THE FIELD OF RESEARCH SERVICES
Authors: Myamlin S. V.
Published: May 2015

Purpose. The analysis of the prerequisite appearing of the unfair competition in the market of research services to prevent raiding in science. Methodology. During the conducting of this study methods of scientific analysis and synthesis, the benchmarking method, the method of expert estimations were used. Findings. Possible methods of uncompetitive struggle during the performing of scientific research were examined. The urgency of this problem was proved. Therefore, the problem of the prerequisite appearing for incompetence on the market of research services and the task of its prevention and minimization of adverse effects for the development of science and technique is relevant, especially in the period of formation and the reform of the leading branches of the Ukrainian economy. The prerequisite appearing and conditions for the existence of incompetence in scientific activity were analyzed. The classification of the main ways of raiding was proposed and its justification was proved. Originality. The investigation of the phenomenon of unfair competition in the field of research services was pro-posed. The methods and means of competition between scientific organizations and individual scientists in some fields of knowledge were analyzed. The concept of "raiding" was introduced for the first time in the intellectual sphere. Practical value. The research results can be used to analyze the activity of scientific and engineering organizations, which carry out various studies to assess the validity and legitimacy of the obtained results, and to prevent raiding in science. The results of the study have practical value for public and private organizations in the determination of the competent performers to conduct research and development services, including expertise, and especially related to the evaluation of material losses or lost earnings when the impartiality and independence of this assessment is the guarantee of obtaining the reliable and objective results.
RESEARCH OF AIR POLLUTION FROM TRAFFIC IN «STREET CANYONS» OF CITY
Authors: Rusakova T. I.
Published: May 2015

Purpose. The article is devoted to state analyze of atmospheric air at its pollution with vehicle emissions in Dnipropetrovsk city, the development a numerical model and applied computing program for research of air pollution level with vehicle emissions on the streets when several buildings are located on the scheme «street canyon». Methodology. To achieve the research purpose it was studied the dynamic of change concentration of different pollutants that have been fixed on monitoring station of air quality in Dnipropetrovsk city. It was performed level assessment of air pollution from traffic (according to the Main Statistical Office in Dnipropetrovsk region). It was developed methodology for numerical calculation of concentration the atmospheric air pollution from vehicle emissions. To solve hydrodynamic task of determining velocity field of wind flow in streets the model of separated flows of an inviscid fluid was used; to solve the task of the calculation process of dispersion pollution the equation of convective-diffusion transfer of pollutant was used. To implement the proposed methodology we used implicit difference schemes. Findings.In the work a mathematical numerical model was developed and computing programs on its base were created. It allows conducting the computational experiments for evaluation the level of air pollution from vehicle emissions on the streets when several buildings are located on the scheme «street canyon». As a result of research regulations on change concentration of carbon monoxide near a considered group of buildings at different pollutant emissions were established. Originality.This numerical model was developed which allows accounting the hydrodynamic impact of group buildings on dispersion of pollutants when the wind speed and the vertical diffusion coefficient vary with height. Practical value. Conducting such class of computational experiments is necessary in the case of reconstruction of city microregions, during the planning and construction of new highways, change in the structure of traffic in the city.
STUDY OF THE MANUAL POWER EQUIPMENT OF TRACTION ELECTRIFICATION SYSTEM OF THE RAILWAYS
Authors: Matusevych O. O. , Mironov D. V.
Published: May 2015

Purpose. Investigation of the operation of power equipment of traction substations (TS) of Ukrainian electrified railways. The search of the new modern methods and approaches improved monitoring, diagnostics and maintenance of power equipment TS during operation to maintain the required level of reliability of the traction power supply of electrified railway and limit the power equipment accidents TS. Methodology. The study of changes of a technical condition of TSs’ equipment over the last 11 years was done for achieving this goal. This research was done for solving problems of power supply railways with high quality on the base of the reports analysis of the management and power supply of Ukrzaliznytsia. Findings. It was found that on the base of the new methods of maintenance is the risk analysis of old equipment or equipment with some defects (rev servicing equipment for the actual technical condition).Reliable performance of power supply devices has significant impact for solving the problem of safety on the railways of Ukraine. Different kinds of accumulated damage are at the first place before of failures of an electric power supply of electrified railway. The study of main causes of violations from 2002 to 2012 year showed that 80% of the reasons disorders normal operation of the traction power supply over the period constitutes next factors. There are damage to the main power equipment TS; power off the grid; overload and surge; and the impact of weather conditions. The primary power equipment failure of TS are constituted about 43%. Relevant constant monitoring, testing and diagnostics of the equipment with the creation and use of micro-processor smart automated monitoring and diagnosis are topical in the current operating conditions. Originality. The new directions for further improvement of maintenance electrified traction substations for electrified railways were considered. Modern strategies and management techniques and maintenance TS electrified railways of Ukraine were proposed at the first time. This methods aren’t covered in the "Instructions for maintenance and repair of equipment of traction substations, power points and sectioning electrified railways’ IT-0024. The basic problems for implementation of these strategies were identified. Practical value. It was established that system outage under tight central planning and management in the new economy does not provide, in many cases, approval and adoption of effective and optimal solutions in organization and carrying out maintenance. It was investigated that a significant portion of electric power equipment of TS even after normative life maintains its performance under the terms. There are allowable stress regimes, timely testing, diagnosis, maintenance, repair and quality of execution; on the other hand the service life of electrical equipment depends on its residual life.
TO THE SOLUTION OF PROBLEMS ABOUT THE RAILWAYS CALCULATION FOR STRENGTH TAKING INTO ACCOUNT UNEQUAL ELASTICITY OF THE SUBRAIL BASE
Authors: Kurhan D. M.
Published: May 2015

Purpose. The module of elasticity of the subrail base is one of the main characteristics for an assessment intense the deformed condition of a track. Need for different cases to consider unequal elasticity of the subrail base repeatedly was considered, however, results contained rather difficult mathematical approaches and the obtained decisions didn't keep within borders of standard engineering calculation of a railway on strength. Therefore the purpose of this work is obtaining the decision within this document. Methodology. It is offered to consider a rail model as a beam which has the distributed loading of such outline corresponding to value of the module of elasticity that gives an equivalent deflection at free seating on bearing parts. Findings. The method of the accounting of gradual change of the module of elasticity of the subrail base by means of the correcting coefficient in engineering calculation of a way on strength was received. Expansion of existing calculation of railways strength was developed for the accounting of sharp change of the module of elasticity of the subrail base (for example, upon transition from a ballast design of a way on the bridge). The characteristic of change of forces operating from a rail on a basis, depending on distance to the bridge on an approach site from a ballast design of a way was received. The results of the redistribution of forces after a sudden change in the elastic modulus of the base under the rail explain the formation of vertical irregularities before the bridge. Originality. The technique of engineering calculation of railways strength for performance of calculations taking into account unequal elasticity of the subrail base was improved. Practical value. The obtained results allow carrying out engineering calculations for an assessment of strength of a railway in places of unequal elasticity caused by a condition of a way or features of a design. The solution of the return task on definition of the module of elasticity of the subrail base by results of natural measurements of tension in rails taking into account the given conditions is also possible.
THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF RAILWAY WHEEL DAMAGES AND TIRES IN OPERATION
Authors: Grischenko N. A.
Published: May 2015

Purpose. The dependence analysis of structural changes in the metal of railway wheels and tires from indicated influences in operation, for the further development of strategy of service reliability growth. Methodology. Test materials are the details selected from railway wheels which were taken out of operation beforehand because of various damages. Micro-structural researches were made with the use of light microscope Epiquant and electron microscope. The sizing of structural elements was done by using the methods of quantitative metallography. Findings. Over the past few decades the rapid development of industry was supported by the steady growth of intensity of using railway transport. In this case simultaneous increase of load at wheel set axle, with the increase of  speed was accompanied by natural increase of the amount of cases of premature wheels and tires’ withdrawing out of operation. Railway wheel, except the formation of metal layer at rolling surface with the high defects concentration of crystal structure and first of all dislocations, falls under thermal influence from interaction with break blocks. The nature of joint influence (cold deformation and heating) on the metal rim of a wheel is conditioned by the appearance of sufficiently high gradients of structural changes that can be considered as the influence on the level of internal residual stresses. In case of the rise of volume part of carbide phase at a constant ferrite grain size, it is achieved only by the increasing of dislocation nucleation sources without changing the number of annihilation positions. In this case the accumulation of dislocations at the initial stages of plastic deformation (in metal volume in front of delta arm crack) will lead to the formation of cementite globes around certain interlocked dislocation density. In contrast the sharp increase of deformation hardening carbon steel parameters is observed. Originality. During the braking of locomotive the speed rise of metal heating at rolling surface is provided with the increase of temperatures that is enough for the beginning of phase transformations. Under the further cooling there is the formation of a number of structures formed from sliding to diffusive mechanisms. As a result the chosen areas become the centers of future metal deformations on wheels’ rolling surface and tires. Practical value. Based on the study of patterns of damages’ formation in railway wheels and tires from the peculiarities of internal metal structure and the working conditions «Classifier of defects» was developed аnd «Technical tips for determination of causes of cracks in solid-rolled railway wheels and destruction in general», which have been implemented on Ukrzaliznytsia.
ABOUT OPTIMIZING OF INVESTMENT VOLUMES TO IMPROVE THE BASIC INDICATORS OF THE ENTERPRISE EFFECTIVENESS
Authors: Gasanov Z. M.
Published: May 2015

Purpose. Profit and profitability of any, including transport enterprises are the main economic indicators of the enterprise effectiveness. These indicators reflect the results and successful performance of the enterprise. On the other hand the enterprise effectiveness in the long term, assurance of rapid development and competitiveness is largely determined by the level of investment activity and the range of investment activity. The purpose of this study is the feasibility of the method to determine optimal investments volume for improving these or others (selectable by the management) principal economic indicators of the enterprise effectiveness. Methodology. The basis of the proposed methodology for determining the optimal investments volume is the theory of optimal control, in particular, the procedure of dynamic programming since a managed development process of the enterprise is a multiple stage. This procedure, using a phased plan, allows not only simplifying the solution of optimization problems, but also solving those, which are impossible to apply the methods of mathematical analysis. Findings. The expediency of performing the calculations to determine the optimal investments volume to ensure high rates of enterprise development was proved, it is a key to the effectiveness of the enterprise in the long term and it improves its competitiveness. Originality. It is shown that using methods of the optimum control theory one can calculate the minimum volume of capital investments for the improvement of economic indicators, which determine the enterprise effectiveness. The proposed method of calculation does not depend on the specific content of economic indicators. The effectiveness of this calculation method is demonstrated on a model example. Practical value. The proposed method of calculating the minimum volume of capital investments to improve the economic effectiveness of enterprises is quite simple, but at the same time enables, on the one hand, to determine priority directions of investment activity of the enterprise. On the other hand it improves the manageability and transparency of business enterprises, increases the head's confidence in the correctness of decisions.
RESEARCH OF ENGINEERING TRAFFIC IN COMPUTER UZ NETWORK USING MPLS TE TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Pakhomova V. M.
Published: May 2015

Purpose. In railway transport of Ukraine one requires the use of computer networks of different technologies: Ethernet, Token Bus, Token Ring, FDDI and others. In combined computer networks on the railway transport it is necessary to use packet switching technology in multiprotocol networks MPLS (MultiProtocol Label Switching) more effectively. They are based on the use of tags. Packet network must transmit different types of traffic with a given quality of service. The purpose of the research is development a methodology for determining the sequence of destination flows for the considered fragment of computer network of UZ. Methodology. When optimizing traffic management in MPLS networks has the important role of technology traffic engineering (Traffic Engineering, TE). The main mechanism of TE in MPLS is the use of unidirectional tunnels (MPLS TE tunnel) to specify the path of the specified traffic. The mathematical model of the problem of traffic engineering in computer network of UZ technology MPLS TE was made. Computer UZ network is represented with the directed graph, their vertices are routers of computer network, and each arc simulates communication between nodes. As an optimization criterion serves the minimum value of the maximum utilization of the TE-tunnel. Findings. The six options destination flows were determined; rational sequence of flows was found, at which the maximum utilization of TE-tunnels considered a simplified fragment of a computer UZ network does not exceed 0.5. Originality. The method of solving the problem of traffic engineering in Multiprotocol network UZ technology MPLS TE was proposed; for different classes its own way is laid, depending on the bandwidth and channel loading. Practical value. Ability to determine the values of the maximum coefficient of use of TE-tunnels in computer UZ networks based on developed software model «TraffEng». The input parameters of the model: number of routers, channel capacity, the number of streams, the average flow velocity. As a result of the model «TraffEng» choices variants of TE-tunnels with the corresponding values of the maximum coefficient of their use are presented.
THE EFFECT OF LOCOMOTIVE HOURS ON ADJUSTING PERIODICITY OF MAINTENANCE SERVICE AND CURRENT REPAIR
Authors: Krasheninin O. S.
Published: May 2015

Purpose. The main purpose of this paper is to substantiate the necessity of period adjustment and volumes of maintenance, current repairs of locomotive approaching and regulatory exceeded of their useful operational time. Methodology. In connection with the physical and moral depreciation of rolling stock in modern conditions the most important area to ensure the effectiveness of rail transport in the foreseeable future is the rational use of the rolling stock in operation within the designated and extended service life. At the same time extending the operational time of the locomotives must be achieved by compliance with the optimum ratio of measures to adjust the timing and technology maintenance, current repairs and preparation of repair base. The paper presents the components of dependency forming work amount on maintenance, current repairs with time operation. By the modeling of its changes a graph that implement adjusted system to the content of the rolling stock traction after operation were constructed. The study found that the dynamics of change processes of necessary expenses for maintenance and current repair increases. It is shown that under aging conditions of locomotive fleet and repair base of locomotive economy, a situation that is a critical for the railway transport of Ukraine has appeared. According to it, to the end of operation the amount of work relative to the recommended rules of repair increases slightly. When the locomotive is new or renovated, deviations from the standard path for rigid observance of repair requirements (the compliance with technical standards) does not exceed the norm. However, when the standard period is exhausted, to comply with these standards is not possible. From the data it was found that the greater the amount of maintenance, routine repair in the repair cycle, the more effort you need to put in a multiplicity of software runs between scheduled of maintenance, current repairs. It is advisable to conduct more repair work to ensure lower costs for the maintenance of locomotives. Findings. The values for the effective maintenance of traction rolling stock for a variety of tactics to support them were obtained. Originality. Theoretically the need to adjust the timing and technology maintenance and current repair of traction rolling stock in the operation of locomotives, over normative was demonstrated. Practical value. Obtained results allow increasing the efficient use of traction rolling stock with effectively cost.
DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMAL CAPITAL INVESTMENTS TO ENSURE THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RAILWAY
Authors: Kharchenko O. I.
Published: May 2015

Purpose. Every year more attention is paid for the theoretical and practical issue of sustainable development of railway transport. But today the mechanisms of financial support of this development are poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this article is to determine the optimal investment allocation to ensure sustainable development of the railway transport on the example of State Enterprise «Prydniprovsk Railway» and the creation of preconditions for the mathematical model development. Methodology. The ensuring task for sustainable development of railway transport is solved on the basis of the integral indicator of sustainable development effectiveness and defined as the maximization of this criterion. The optimization of measures technological and technical characters are proposed to carry out for increasing values of the integral performance measure components. To the optimization activities of technological nature that enhance the performance criteria belongs: optimization of the number of train and shunting locomotives, optimization of power handling mechanisms at the stations, optimization of routes of train flows. The activities related to the technical nature include: modernization of railways in the direction of their electrification and modernization of the running gear and coupler drawbars of rolling stock, as well as means of separators mechanization at stations to reduce noise impacts on the environment. Findings. The work resulted in the optimal allocation of investments to ensure the sustainable development of railway transportation of State Enterprise «Prydniprovsk Railway». This allows providing such kind of railway development when functioning of State Enterprise «Prydniprovsk Railway» is characterized by a maximum value of the integral indicator of efficiency. Originality. The work was reviewed and the new approach was proposed to determine the optimal allocation of capital investments to ensure sustainable development of the State Enterprise «Prydniprovsk Railway». Practical value. Structural reform of Ukrainian railway transport demands to solve problems to improve the efficiency of the industry in the shortest time. The proposed algorithm of investment allocation provides for such a directorate development, the implementation of which will lead to increase of functioning efficiency of the railway transportation directorate, which in turn will positively affect on the industry as a whole.
SIMULATION OF DRIVER’S LOCOMOTIVE-HANDLING ACTIVITY USING THE THEORY OF FUZZY GRAPHS
Authors: Butko T. V. , Horobchenko O. M.
Published: May 2015

Purpose. The efficiency and safety of locomotive control improving is important and relevant scientific and practical problem. Every driver during the trains-handling bases on his experience and knowledge, that is why the compilation and detection the most efficient ways to control the locomotive-handling is one of the stages of measures development to reduce transportation costs. The purpose of this paper is a formalization process description of locomotive-handling and quality parameters determination of this process. Methodology. In order to achieve this goal the theory of fuzzy probabilistic graphs was used. Vertices of the graph correspond to the events start and end operations at train-handling. The graph arcs describe operations on train-handling. Graph consists of thirteen peaks corresponding to the main control actions of the engine-driver. The weighting factors of transitions between vertices are assigned by fuzzy numbers. Their values were obtained by expert estimates. Fuzzy probabilities and transition time are presented as numbers with trapezoidal membership function. Findings. Using successive merging of parallel arcs, loops and vertices elimination, the equivalent fuzzy graph of train-handling and the corresponding L-matrix were obtained. Equivalent graph takes into account separately activity of the driver during normal operation and during emergency situations. Originality. The theoretical foundations of describing process formalization in driver’s locomotive-handling activity were developed using the fuzzy probabilistic graph. The parameters characterizing the decision-making process of engineer were obtained. Practical value. With the resulting model it is possible to estimate the available reserves for the quality improvement of locomotive-handling. Reduction in the time for decision-making will lead to the approximation the current mode of control to the rational one and decrease costs of hauling operations. And reduction in the time for the emergency situations identifying will lead to the traffic safety increasing through the implementation of measures of early response to danger.
TIME RESERVES DURING THE ORGANISATION OF FREIGHT TRAIN MOVEMENT ON SCHEDULE
Authors: Kozachenko D. M. , Berezovyi M. I. , Balanov V. O. , Zhuravel V. V.
Published: May 2015

Purpose. The article is devoted to the development of estimation methods of time reserves that should be formed at the train schedule and the schedule for the turnover of freight trains, required to ensure the sustained interaction of technological processes of industrial enterprises and railways for the transportation of freight on schedule. Methodology. The paper considers the issues of bulk conveyance organization between industrial enterprises on schedule. In order to ensure the arrival of trains at the destination station to the specified time, the schedules of rolling stocks turnover must have some time reserves. These reserves, in their turn, should be sufficient for correction action of destabilizing factors. The methods of mathematical statistics were used to study the schedule performance quality of separate trains. Currently the movement of the main part of freight trains is performed on preparedness and occupation processes of separate schedule train paths by some depots are not fixed. Therefore, the analyses of the schedule performance of freight trains do not allow receiving the material for research. And, due to the lack of statistical material on the punctuality of the schedule for the movement of freight trains, research of the passenger trains movement with subsequent dissemination of results on freight movement were carried out by the authors. Findings. The research proved that the trains arrival at the destination station according to the schedule should be ensured by permissible rating of delay as well as increase the operating time of trains and running intervals. The values of the additional time reserves that should be included in the schedule of trains, and the schedule for the turnover of freight trains to provide conditional interaction of railroads and industrial enterprises in Ukraine were proposed. Originality. On the basis of the research development graph methods of trains turnover, providing transportation of goods on schedule were improved. Practical value. The obtained results can be used for the technical-and-economic calculations of transition effectiveness of industrial enterprises for maintenance on schedule as well as in the development of schedule on the initial stages of testing technology.
RESEARCH OF INFLUENCING OF PROJECT DISCRIPTIONS OF ELEVATOR ON PARAMETERS OF ITS DRIVE
Authors: Bohomaz V. M. , Hlavatskyi K. Ts. , Mazur O. A.
Published: May 2015

Purpose.One of basic elements of band bucket elevators is their drive. For determination of power drive it is necessary to conduct calculations on standard by methods, in what it is needed to expend enough time. One of project parameters is productivity of elevator. It is necessary to build parametric dependence of power drive of elevator on its design capacity that takes into account a type and descriptions of load, lifting height, standard sizes and parameters of buckets and tapes. Methodology. Using the method of hauling calculation of band buckets elevators, the parametric dependences of power drive of high-speed elevators are built with deep and shallow buckets from their productivity at fixed type of load and height of getting up. Findings.It is set on the basis of the built parametric dependences that the change function of a size of elevator power from design capacity (at fixed to the lifting height, load type, rate of tape movement) is piecewise and droningly increasing. The intervals of project values of productivity, which provide the permanent size of elevator power drive are certain in a general view. As the example of application of the recived results the construction process of power drive dependence from design capacity of elevator of shotblasting room, which is intended for transporting of the metallic shot using for consolidating of carriage springs, is considered. For concrete type of load and lifting height of such elevator graphic dependence of power drive on productivity was built. Originality.Parametric dependences of elevator power drive on its design capacity were first built, which take into account a type and physical and mechanical descriptions of load, lifting height, standard sizes and parameters of buckets and tapes. Practical value. The use of the built dependences enables in relation to rapid determination of approximate value of power drive of vertical high-speed elevators with deep and shallow buckets on the stage of planning and to execute the high-quality selection of its basic elements at concrete project descriptions: type of load, productivity, lifting height.
Molecular Mechanism of Mesosulfuron-Methyl Resistance in Multiply-Resistant American Sloughgrass (Beckmannia syzigachne)
Authors: Li Lingxu , Liu Weitang , Chi Yucheng , Guo Wenlei , Luo Xiaoyong , Wang Jinxin
Published: May 2015

American sloughgrass is a troublesome grass weed in winter wheat fields after rice in China. Mesosulfuron-methyl failed to control American sloughgrass in Danyang County in 2012. The purpose of this research was to determine the resistance level to mesosulfuron and other herbicides in American sloughgrass and to identify the molecular basis of resistance. Dose–response experiments indicated that this population was moderately resistant to mesosulfuron-methyl (7.6-fold) and pyroxsulam (6.0-fold), highly resistant to flucarbazone-sodium (20.3-fold), fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (565.0-fold), clodinafop-proargyl (19.5-fold), and pinoxaden (45.9-fold), and susceptible to isoproturon. Part of the acetolactate sythase (ALS) gene was cloned and sequenced to confirm the molecular mechanism of resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. A Pro197Ser substitution was identified. This substitution is likely the molecular mechanism of resistance to mesosulfuron-methyl in the Danyang population in which it is cross-resistant to flucarbazone-sodium and pyroxsulam. This study established the first report of mesosulfuron-methyl resistance likely caused by a Pro197substitution in American sloughgrass and a potential herbicide to control this resistant weed.
How specialist nurse-led care can help to lower the costs of prophylaxis
Authors: Grieg Allison
Published: May 2015

Prophylaxis with factor VIII concentrates is beneficial for adults with severe haemophilia A, but prophylaxis regimens are costly. Guidelines recommend personalised prophylaxis tailored to bleeding phenotype and the result of pharmacokinetic assessments. This article describes a project in which specialist nurses played a pivotal role in identifying a small cohort of patients eligible for dose reduction. Nurses monitored patients following dose reduction, maintaining contact in order to address fears and ensure patient safety. The project led to a substantial cost saving for the Trust and demonstrates the value that nurses can bring to the haemophilia centre.
An introduction to grounded theory
Authors: Bedford Martin
Published: May 2015

Two articles in this launch issue of the journal explore the patient experience of haemophilia. To set the context, Martin Bedford explains the grounded theory method, and gives a brief overview of how and when it might be used in haemophilia research.
How nurses built a specialty from scratch
Authors: Bryan Jenny
Published: May 2015

Haemophilia nursing is a relatively young specialty. For early nurses like Maureen Fearns there was no roadmap. She recalls the birth and early tribulations of the HNA
A core competency framework for haemophilia nurses in the UK
Authors: Khair Kate , Barker Colin , Bedford Martin , Elliot Daksha , Harrington Christine , Lawrence Kingsley , Mackett M. Nicola , Pollard Debra
Published: May 2015

The role of the nurse continues to develop, probably at greater speed than ever before. Would Florence Nightingale ever have dreamt of nurses who could manage whole episodes of patient care from diagnosis, through admission, requesting investigations, prescribing treatments and evaluating outcomes? She probably did - when she instigated the first nursing outcome measures looking at infection control. Nurses can and do, do most things. What is important is that they are appropriately trained and continue to develop skills, that are relevant both to them and the patients for whom they care. Assessing this ability, or competence, requires knowledge and skills in itself. In this paper we describe the process of defining competence in haemophilia nursing. Some of these competencies are transferable from other areas of nursing, others are haemophilia-specific. Together they provide a personal development framework for nurses who work within haemophilia as part or all of their role.
Building a bridge to Bangladesh
Authors: Forsyth Kate , Khatun Rafia
Published: May 2015

Kate Forsyth recounts her experiences of a WFH twinning programme with Bangladesh and reveals that where learning is concerned, twinning is a two-way street
Tips to help you write effectively
Authors: Timbs Olivia
Published: May 2015

Olivia Timbs was editor of The Pharmaceutical Journal from 2001 to 2012 and in the past wrote regularly for The Times, The Observer and The Independent. Here she offers some simple tips to help you write effectively
The bleeding nurse who discovered verse
Authors: Bell Patricia
Published: May 2015

Trish Bell is rapidly making a name for herself as the HNA’s resident poet. Here, in her own inimtable way, she tells us of her path towards haemophilia nursing
Women with haemophilia: more than just carriers
Authors: Sager Robin
Published: May 2015

It is said that men have haemophilia and women are carriers, affected or unaffected. The terminology used is significant. Why it is that men are described as ‘having’ haemophilia and women with haemophilia are described as affected carriers? After all the men ‘carry’ the gene just as the women do and pass it on to their daughters. Likewise many women have Factor IX or Factor VIII levels that, if they were a man, would be categorised as mild or even in some cases moderate or severe haemophilia. Yet haemophilia is widely viewed as a condition affecting men with women as the passive vehicle for its transmission from generation to generation. There are many issues for women that are affected by this choice of terminology. Among them are their ability to access healthcare and their acknowledgement within healthcare systems throughout the world. Are women with the same factor level as men viewed in the same manner by healthcare professionals and do they acknowledge their own bleeding disorder as being the same as their male counterparts? How many women are unaware of their own bleeding disorder because they have only been viewed as ‘carriers’? Research into these issues is limited. This paper explores the aspects that affect women with haemophilia, from the definition in its historical context, obtaining a diagnosis, psychosocial elements, access to treatment, changing attitudes and acknowledgements within both the medical community and the wider community.
Successful use of BPL Factor X concentrate in a child with severe factor X deficiency
Authors: Khair Kate , Kumar Poornima , Mathias Mary , Efford Jemma , Liesner Ri
Published: May 2015

Introduction: Severe factor X deficiency is a rare serious bleeding disorder historically treated with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and more recently with prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) which contains activated factors II, VII, IX and X. The infusion volume of PCC is smaller than FFP, but there is a risk of thromboembolic complications given the presence of activated forms of vitamin K-dependent factor concentrates when treating an isolated coagulation factor deficiency. Methods: We describe the case of a nine-year-old girl of consanguineous origin with co-existent congenital merosin deficient muscular dystrophy and severe factor X deficiency treated with twice-weekly PCC prophylaxis via an indwelling central venous access device (CVAD). Infusion occlusion of her fifth CVAD occurred 24-months post-insertion; thrombus within the right subclavian and brachiocephalic veins was seen on radiological imaging. She started peripheral treatment with BPL Factor X concentrate as infusion volumes were smaller and given her immobility further thrombotic risk was predicted to be reduced. A sixth CVAD was inserted seven months later and BPL Factor X prophylaxis was continued. Results:BPL Factor X concentrate was effective in maintaining trough levels of 13IU/ml 72-hours post-dose, with no intercurrent bleeding episodes or further problems in terms of occlusion of her portacath. Further radiological screening has not been undertaken. Conclusion: BPL Factor X has been shown to be a safe and effective alternative to PCC for treatment of severe factor X deficiency in this case.
Switching factor products: selecting patients and managing the process
Authors: Harrington Christine , Hay Charles , Vidler Vicky , Dattani Rashesh , Heygate Katherine
Published: May 2015

Clotting factor concentrates used in the treatment of haemophilia are now procured centrally in the UK by nationally organised competitive tendering to obtain the best product price while still preserving some degree of prescribing freedom. Inevitably, however, some patients are required to switch from one brand of factor VIII to another to fulfil contractual requirements. This process of switching patients from one product to another falls to staff at individual haemophilia centres, with haemophilia nurses in particular playing a key role. This article outlines the national procurement process and discusses how the switch can be managed quickly and smoothly, as well as providing practical guidance on selecting which patients may be asked to switch. Issues such as patient communication, managing potential patient anxiety and efficient stock management are also discussed.
The Bleed ... Through the eyes of a child
Authors: Bell Patricia
Published: May 2015

Most health care professionals will regard treating a bleed with factor as a routine matter. But bleeds - and getting them treated - can still be a major stress for patients. Trish Bell takes a walk in Sam’s shoes
A dental care pathway for children with inherited bleeding disorders
Authors: Fong Franchesca , Davies Janet , Fearne Janice , Pasi John
Published: May 2015

Royal London Hospital is a major referral centre for children with inherited bleeding disorders (IBD). Dental caries and periodontal disease can be prevented, which is especially important in these children to avoid invasive treatment. For this reason a care pathway has been established, focusing on appropriate prevention advice and treatment A Paediatric Dental Specialist attends the monthly Paediatric Haematology clinics. Children are screened for untreated dental decay and preventive dental advice is given verbally along with a patient information leaflet. At the clinic, a letter is sent out to the patient’s general dental practitioner (GDP). Nonregistered patients are directed to NHS Choices website to find a local NHS GDP. Liaison of GDPs with both haematology and hospital paediatric dental services is actively encouraged to support the provision of dental care within the primary care setting, particularly routine preventive care. Depending on the severity of the bleeding diathesis and the degree of invasive dental treatment required, the GDP may undertake simple treatment or, in more complex cases, may arrange a referral to the Royal London Dental Hospital. A consultation process takes place between paediatric dentist, paediatric haematologist and specialist nurse to determine the most appropriate haematological cover for each patient. This will depend on the severity of the bleeding disorder, the complexity of dental treatment and the need for local anaesthesia. The date of the dental visits and the haemostatic cover are requested via the electronic patient record so that it is accessible to all clinicians involved in their care without the need to retrieve their paper notes. This pathway encourages active involvement of the patients’ GDP and allows the patient to be treated as safely as possible in a timely manner. The care pathway has helped to formalise dental treatment for children with IBD and to improve every health care professional’s understanding of their role in this care.
WFH in Melbourne: the long march of the haemophilia nurse continues
Authors: Munn Jim
Published: May 2015

The World Federation of Hemophilia’s world congress in Melbourne offered haemophilia nurses from across the world an opportunity to meet and share knowledge and experience in a friendly and supportive setting.
Decision-support tool for telephone triage — the Canadian experience
Authors: Laudenbach Lori
Published: May 2015

The concentration of expertise in haemophilia treatment centres means that patients in most countries live a considerable distance from their treatment centre. Telephone support between regular clinic visits is common practice. This article describes the six principles that broadly outline nurses’ accountabilities when providing care over the telephone and discusses how they have been applied in practice with the Canadian Association of Nurses in Hemophilia Care (CANHC) telephone guidelines.
Slovenian Complementary Health Insurance as a Service of General Economic Interest
Authors: Nikolić Bruno
Published: May 2015

Slovenian legislation defines complementary health insurance as an activity of the public interest, which represents an inseparable and essential element of healthcare system and as such pursues objectives identical to those of compulsory health insurance – financial security of population against high healthcare expenses and appropriate and fair access to efficient and quality healthcare. EU Member States often introduce different regulatory measures to safeguard the public interest in the field of economic activities. These measures often contravene the Union acquis (the rules on the functioning of the internal market and competition law), which is in principle unacceptable. This article aims to define Slovenian complementary health insurance as a service of general economic interest, which opens up new prospects for the Member States’ adoption of the regulatory measures that are not compliant with therules on the functioning of the internal market and EU competition law.