bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analytical Study of Viewpoint in Parsi Pour's and Ar-Rikabi's Novels: The Dog and the Long Night and Alibaba's Sad Night as Examples
Authors:   University of Baghdad, College of Languages, Department of Persian Language, Yoosuf Abbas Dawi
Published: September 2021

It is noted in the title that the paper studies the viewpoint in the novel The Dog and the Long Night by the Iranian novelist Shahranoush Parsi Pour and in the novel Alibaba's Sad Night by the Iraqi novelist Abdulkhaliq Ar-Rikabi. Both are well known novelists, and about whose stories and novels many critical books, MA theses, and Ph.D. dissertations have been written. Also, some of their literary works have won prizes. Here, the researcher shed light on the concept of viewpoint, its types, and its importance in novels in general. This was done along with tackling the two viewpoints in both novels, where similarities and differences were identified. For this end, the researcher has adopted the analytic-descriptive approach, which is being exploited along the comparative approach so as to identify similarities and differences in viewpoints in both novels. In conclusion, it was shown that both writers employed the internal viewpoint from the hero-teller's view, and made use of contemporary styles of narration. آنگونه که از عنوان پژوهش بر می­آید به بررسی تحلیلی زاویه­ی دید در رمان سگ و زمستان بلند نوشته­ی نویسنده­ی ایرانی شهرنوش پارسی پور و رمان لیل علی بابا الحزین نوشته­ی نویسنده­ی عراقی عبد الخالق الرکابی می­پردازد. هر دو نویسنده، از نویسندگان برجسته­ی عراق و ایران محسوب می­شوند، جایی­که درباره­ی اغلب آثارشان، مقاله­های نقدی و پایان­نامه­ها نوشته شدند و بعضی از آثارشان چند جایزه­ی ادبی نیز بردند. نگارنده در این پژوهش سعی می­کند به مفهوم زاویه­ی دید و انواع آن، اهمیت زاویه­ی دید در رمان، زاویه­ی دید در دو رمان مورد نظر و مشابهت­ها و تفاوت­هاى میان آنها بپردازد. روش تحقیق، توصیفی ـــ تحلیلی است، همچنین از آمیزش دو شیوه، توصیفی ـــ تحلیلی و مقایسه ای، نقاط مشترک و اختلاف بین دو رمان از لحاظ زاویه­ی دید بحث و بررسی کند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می­دهد که هر دو نویسنده، در این دو رمان، زاویه دید درونی به شیوه­ی راوی ـــ قهرمان را به کار برده و از شیوه­های داستانی معاصر استفاده می­کنند.
Chili Pepper Cultivation Using Several Spacings Intercropped with Immature Oil Palm
Authors: Nurjannah Hegar , Robiartini Lucy , Susilawati Susilawati
Published: September 2021

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) belong to the Arecaceae family, is economically valuable for oil production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of immature oil palm intercropped with red chili pepper and to evaluate the best spacing for red chilli cultivation between immature oil palm. The study was conducted in Rimba Jaya Village, Air Kumbang District, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra. The study began in October 2017 until February 2018. The design used for the red chili pepper cultivation was a one-factor Randomized Block Design.  Spacing used as treatments, namely: (M1 = 50  x 50 cm ; M2 = 60  x 60 cm ; M3 = 70  x 70 cm). Treatments were placed in 5 groups. The results showed that plant height, stem diameter, canopy diameter and the greenness level of palm oil leaves did not affect by the presence of red chili pepper. While spacing of 50  x 50 cm provided a positive response to the growth and yield of chili pepper.  The highest yield of red chili was 10.41 kg produced in 50  x 50 cm spacing.
The Ethnobotany and Ethnomedicine of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium in Lake Toba, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Kholibrina Cut Rizlani , Aswandi Aswandi
Published: September 2021

Zanthoxylum acanthopodium is a nutritional plant utilized for both culinary and medicinal purposes. The herb, popularly known as andalimanis found in sloppy, barren, cultivated lands and secondary forests in Lake Toba, North Sumatra. This study aimed to provide an ethnobotanical description, productivity  and propagation, essential oil of andaliman and the application as traditional medicine in Lake Toba. Botanical characters were collected by observing phenology and distilling essential oils. The ethnomedicine information was collected through in-depth interviews with farmers and herbal practitioners, meanwhile, phytochemical content was identified based on various primary literature. Results showed flowering period occurs  from March until April and followed by fruiting in May to September. Fruits were widely processed as cooking spices for various cuisines. It played an important role in local people’s diet by supplying carbohydrate, minerals and vitamins. This ingredient was favoured for its citrus-colored oil content and a spicy taste with an appetizing aroma. This spice was also utilized in traditional medicine. Both dry and fresh fruits were used for gums and dental disorders as dyspepsia or lotion for scabies. Fresh roots were also used to cure dental problems. All plant plants contain essential oil with a higher concentration in fruits (4.89%). The local wisdom also reveals the essential oil utilization as an antimicrobial ingredient that could be further processed as a food preservative. To increase generative propagation, seed dormancy breaking treatment through a low-intensity burning can increase the germination rate.
The Potential of Nutmeg’s Microbes (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) as Antagonistic Agents against Rigidoporus microporus
Authors: Susilowati Dwi N , Rahayuningsih Sri , Sofiana Indah , Radiastuti Nani
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to obtain yeast and bacteria from Myristica fragrans Houtt., which have the potential to produce chitinase enzymes with antagonistic ability against Rigidoporus microporous. Both microorganisms were extracted from the leaves and fruit of nutmeg. A total of 35 yeast and 29 bacterial isolates were obtained, with different morphological characters. The chitinolytic test was carried out qualitatively, and the parameters observed include the clear zones around the colony. A total of 4 bacterial isolates produced chitinase enzymes (BP 1.2.1, BP 2.1.1, EPBj II.K1, and EPBj II. K2) with a chitinolytic index of 3.92, 5.38, 2.00, and 1.66, respectively. Yeast isolates were negative for chitinase enzymes. The difference in index value indicated a variation in enzyme activity. The antagonist test was carried out using a dual culture method. A total of 1 yeast and 14 bacterial isolates inhibited the growth of R. microporous, and each has a different inhibitory zone. Based on the percentage of inhibition value, the highest percentage occurred in P.K1(41.1%), P. K2 (50%), dan EPBj II. K6 (42.2%). The antagonist test indicator includes the formation of inhibitory zones on the medium. Hemolysis test showed that yeast and bacteria are not able to break down blood cells in the medium. The molecular identification showed that P. K1 and P. K2 isolates were classified as Bacillus subtillis and EPBj II. K6 were identified as Bacillus aerius with 100% sequence homology and 99% bootstrap value respectively. These findings provided information about potential microbes that control white root fungus.
STABILIZATION OF SUBGRADE SOIL USING CALCIUM LIGNOSULFONATE AND GRANITE DUST- A REVIEW
Authors: N. Manikyala Rao  , B.P.R.V.S Priyatham
Published: September 2021

India is a geographically diverse country with varied soil types in different places. As a result, stabilising techniques are employed to enhance those regions with low bearing capacity. Soil strength is improved using both mechanical and chemical stabilising techniques. In the mechanical approach, mechanical energy is employed (rollers, plate compactors, tempers, etc., depending on the choice or type of the soil) to enhance soil characteristics by compaction. Chemical Soil Stabilization is a chemical approach that involves blending and combining chemical additions to improve the soil’s engineering qualities. Chemical substances such as calcium lignosulfonate, granite dust, cement, and fly ash were added in. Although calcium lignosulfonate may stabilise a wide variety of soil types, it works best in soft soils and clay soils with moderate to medium flexibility. Granite dust is primarily used in clay soils with a lot of flexibility.
KEY WORDS: Calcium lignosulfonate, Granite dust, soil, stabilization, subgrade
Assessing depression, anxiety, stress and psychological impact of Covid-19 on general population of Karachi; A web survey based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kanwal Jamal  , Muhammad Waqaruddin Sheroze  , Rabisa Batool  , Syeda Rida Tariq  , Syedah Kanza Batool  , Muhammad Adil Ramzan  , Sumyyah Mazher  , Arpana Ashok
Published: September 2021

Introduction: An outbreak of pneumonia was observed in December, 2019 China which was named as Covid-19 (Corona virus disease 19) by WHO. The first case of Covid-19 appeared in Pakistan on Feb 26, 2020. Pakistan has responded well to the cause and had taken timely decisions. During Covid-19 depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances have been revealed among population of various countries. This study was carried out to determine the mental health status of general population in Karachi during Covid-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods: This was a web survey based cross sectional study. The data was collected through a self-administrated questionnaire which was developed on Google forms. The questionnaire collected information regarding participants demographics, their knowledge about Covid-19, their attitude and practices towards it and the last part was used to assess psychological impact and mental health status of the participants using IES-R (Impact of event revised) score and DASS-21 (Depression, anxiety and stress score). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and independent t-test were used as tests of significance.

Results: Majority 229(76.3%) of the participants were aged between 15-25 years. Social media was the main medium through which people 124(41.3%) learned about Covid-19. Evaluation of knowledge regarding Covid-19 infection showed that majority correctly knew about transmission sources and sign/symptoms of Covid-19 infection. Analysis revealed that majority of the people 167(55.7%) had normal depression subscale score (0-9), 196(65.3%) had anxiety scores within normal range and 198(66%) did not report stress and had normal scores. While assessing the psychological impact of Covid-19 we found that 221(73.7%) had normal IES-R score and had mild impact of Covid-19.

Conclusion: Our study showed that people of Karachi were well aware about Covid-19. Majority of respondents did not report depression, anxiety, stress and serious impact of Covid-19 on their lives showing their optimism and great will to fight against the pandemic.

Keywords: COVID-19, Psychological impact; Mental health.
INTERNATIONAL WAR: DECLINE, CONSEQUENCES, AND �PAX AMERICANA�
Authors: Mueller John
Published: September 2021

The establishment and maintenance of any existing �world order� is primarily based on a general aversion to international war and does not depend on the United States. This perspective disputes two explanations that rely heavily on American activities. One contends that the United States, aided perhaps by the attention- arresting fear of nuclear weapons, was necessary to provide worldwide security and thus to order the world. The other contends that the United States was instrumental, indeed vital, in constructing international institutions, conventions, and norms, in advancing economic development, and in expanding democracy, and that these processes have crucially helped to establish and maintain a degree of international peace. This article traces the rise of an aversion to international war and argues that this, not US efforts, should be seen as the primary causative or facilitating independent variable in the decline of international war.

This perspective also suggests that world order can survive, or work around, challenges that might be thrown at it by the United States or anyone else, that fears that a rising China or an assertive Russia will upset the order are overdrawn, that there is scarcely any need for the maintenance of a large military force in being, and that, under the right conditions, international anarchy, could well be a desirable state.
EXPLAINING DEMOCRATIC DECONSOLIDATION: EVIDENCE FROM ASIAN DEMOCRACIES
Authors: Mujani Saiful , Liddle R. William
Published: September 2021

Are Asian democracies deconsolidating, in line with world-wide trends? This article examines four consolidated democracies in Asia: Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan, plus Indonesia, whose own consolidation has been problematic. Using public opinion data, we evaluate two competing models�civic culture and political economy�to test whether there is a decline in democratic support. We report that the political economy model is more persuasive. Declines in democratic support are associated more consistently with democratic performance and education. Because education levels are tending to rise, and political socialization continues into adulthood, we conclude that there should be little fear that Asian democracies will deconsolidate.
ASSESSING UNITED STATES GRAND STRATEGY: ESTIMATING THE PATTERN OF UNITED STATES FOREIGN POLICY ON SOUTHEAST ASIA UNDER THE BIDEN PRESIDENCY
Authors: Sebastian Leonard , Nugroho Sigit
Published: September 2021

Assessing United States (U.S.) past grand strategy is a useful guide to gauge foreign policy intentions enabling us to gain vital insights to discern the broad pattern of U.S. foreign policy under various administrations. Such an approach can be of benefit to the academic and policy community giving us a sense of the priorities of the foreign policy priorities of the Biden administration particularly with respect to the security of Southeast Asia. With this aim in mind, our article employs a variation of the analytical framework employed in the field of foreign policy evaluation to examine the possible options for U.S. Grand Strategy. At the risk of oversimplification, it selects and assesses four samples of U.S. Grand Strategy alternatives: isolationism, offshore balancing, selective engagement, and deep engagement. Next we focus on recent events to assess which pattern of Grand Strategy best describes the Biden administration�s foreign policy stance. Our aim is that these insights will help regional actors to anticipate and respond accordingly to the Biden administration�s foreign policy stance.
Quasi-symmetric mappings and their generalizations on Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Afanas'eva Elena , Bilet Viktoriia
Published: September 2021

A relation between $\eta$-quasi-symmetric homomorphisms
and $K$-quasiconformal mappings on $n$-dimensional smooth connected
Riemannian manifolds has been studied. The main results of the research are presented
in Theorems 2.6 and 2.7. Several conditions for the boundary behavior
of $\eta$-quasi-symmetric homomorphisms between two arbitrary domains
with weakly flat boundaries and compact closures, QED and uniform
domains on the Riemannian mani\-folds, which satisfy the obtained results, were also formulated. In addition, quasiballs, $c$-locally
connected domains, and the corresponding results were also considered.
Teichmuller space theory and classical problems of geometric function theory
Authors: Krushkal Samue
Published: September 2021

Recently the author has presented a new approach to solving the coefficient problems for holomorphic functions based on the deep features of Teichmüller spaces. It involves the Bers isomorphism theorem for Teichmüller spaces of punctured Riemann surfaces. The aim of the present paper is to provide new applications of this approach and extend the indicated results to more general classes of functions.
Fourier transforms on weighted amalgam type spaces
Authors: Liflyand Elijah
Published: September 2021

We introduce weighted amalgam-type spaces and analyze their relations with
some known spaces. Integrability results for the Fourier transform
of a function with the derivative from one of those spaces are proved.
The obtained results are applied to the integrability of trigonometric series
with the sequence of coefficients of bounded variation.
Asymptotic soliton-like solutions to the Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation with variable coefficients and a strong singularity
Authors: Samoilenko Valerii , Samoilenko Yuliia
Published: September 2021

The paper deals with constructing an asymptotic one-phase soliton-like
solution to the Benjamin--Bona--Mahony equation with variable
coefficients and a strong singularity making use of the non-linear WKB
technique. The influence of the small-parameter value on the structure and the
qualitative properties of the asymptotic solution, as well as the accuracy with which the solution satisfies the considerable equation, have been analyzed.
It was demonstrated that due to the strong singularity, it is
possible to write explicitly not only the main term of the
asymptotics but at least its first-order term.
Belonging of Laplace-Stieltjes integrals to convergence classes
Authors: Sheremeta Myroslav , Mulyava Oksana
Published: September 2021

For positive continuous functions $\alpha$ and $\beta$ increasing to $+\infty$ on $[x_0,+\infty)$
and the Laplace--Stieltjes integral $I(\sigma)=\int\limits_{0}^{\infty}f(x)e^{x\sigma}dF(x),\,\sigma\in{\Bbb R}$,
a generalized convergence $\alpha\beta$-class is defined by the condition
$$\int\limits_{\sigma_0}^{\infty}\dfrac{\alpha(\ln\,I(\sigma))}{\beta(\sigma)}d\sigma<+\infty.$$ Under certain conditions on
the functions $\alpha$, $\beta$, $f$, and $F$, it is proved that
the integral $I$ belongs to the generalized convergence $\alpha\beta$-class if and only if
$\int\limits_{x_0}^{\infty}\alpha'(x)\beta_1 \left(\dfrac1{x}\ln\dfrac1{f(x)}\right)<+\infty,\,\beta_1(x)=
\int\limits_{x}^{+\infty}\dfrac{d\sigma}{\beta(\sigma)}$. For a positive, convex on $(-\infty,\,+\infty)$ function $\Phi$ and the integral $I$,
a convergence $\Phi$-class is defined by the condition $\int\limits_{\sigma_0}^{\infty}\dfrac{\Phi'(\sigma)\ln\,I(\sigma)}{\Phi^2(\sigma)}d\sigma<+\infty$,
and it is proved that under certain conditions on $\Phi$, $f$ and $F$, the integral $I$ belongs to the convergence $\Phi$-class
if and only if $\int\limits_{x_0}^{\infty}\dfrac{dx}{\Phi'\left(({1/x)\ln\,(1/f(x))}\right)}<+\infty$.
Conditions are also found for the integral of the Laplace--Stieltjes type $\int\limits_{0}^{\infty} f(x)g(x\sigma)dF(x)$ to belong
to the generalized convergence $\alpha\beta$-class if and only if the function $g$ belongs to this class.
Conformality, classical and generalized
Authors: Zorich Vladimir
Published: September 2021

We discuss several topics: the concept of conformal mapping of Riemannian and pseudo-Riemannian manifolds, conformal rigidity of higher-dimensional domains, and conformal flexibility of two-dimensional domains of
Euclidian and Minkowski planes.
We present an extension of the concept of conformal mapping proposed by M. Gromov and recall an open problem related to it.
Selecting Program of Study for Undergraduate Students in the Valley View University, Kumasi
Authors: Patrick Yeyie
Published: September 2021

The paper investigates the selection of courses of study by undergraduates of Valley View University, Kumasi. Data were collected from the school of social science education which focused on 10% of the total population, two hundred and ten (210). The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version. Findings of the study reveal that economic influence has been found the most important allied to the desired choice of the programme of study. Other factors include school, peer and gender influence. It further argues that, for students to have access to their preferred program of study, there should be E-learning, academic guidance, orientation and avoidance of family influence. The study further recommends that families should serve as guides and support their wards in the selection of courses rather than imposing various programmes on them due to reasons such as sustainment of family business. In addition, Ghana Education Service (GES) should inculcate guidance and counseling into the Senior High School (SHS) syllabus to enhance prior knowledge on the selection of course or programme of study in the tertiary institutions and organizations of career exploration activities to help them decide on the programme of study.
PREVALENCE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES AMONG TAEKWONDO PLAYERS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Jabbar Mohammed Abdulrazzaq Jabbar , Chandran Jayesh , Yi Yuan Ong , Masilamani Retneswari
Published: September 2021

To determine the rate and types of musculoskeletal injuries among Taekwondo players from Taekwondo clubs in Malaysia. A total of 490 Taekwondo players from various clubs in Malaysia were involved in a cross-sectional study using a self-response questionnaire adopted from different studies and validated before the commencement of the study. The players were recruited from various clubs in different states of Malaysia. The number of players suffered from injuries was 300 as compared to 190 with no injuries. Males players suffered from musculoskeletal injures more than females (p = 0.019). Also, males complained of multiple injuries more than females (p = 0.019). The rate of the injuries among black belt holders was higher as compared to the colour belt (p < 0.001) and black belt holders more liable for multiple injuries (p <0.001). The semi-professional players complained of sport injures more than others (p = 0.021). The longer the experience the higher rate of injuries (p < 0.001). Most of Taekwondo players have suffered from injuries, these injuries sometimes are dangerous. These injuries are more common among male and semi-professional players. Coaches and players must emphasize on warming-up and stretching before the training/ competitions and cooling-down after, that will help to reduce the rate and severity of the injuries. In addition to that, awareness compaing among the players will help the palyers to become more careful during training and competitions sessions.
MATERNAL CHARACTERISTICS AS PREDICTORS FOR STUNTING IN RURAL AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Yessi Octaria  , Sukandar Dadang , Khomsan Ali , Tanziha Ikeu
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to analyze the associations of maternal characteristics and nutritional status of primary caregivers with the occurrence of stunting in children aged 6 – 59 months from rural agricultural households in Indonesia. This study used a sequential explanatory mixed method design. It started with a cross-sectional survey, followed by a qualitative study to explore community perceptions related to findings from the quantitative analysis. The survey involved 200 mother and child dyads. multiple logistic regression was carried out with the dependent variable being the incidence of stunting in children, and maternal characteristics as independent variables. Data analysis showed that WDDS and the maternal length of education in years were significant predictors for the incidence of stunting in children. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for WDDS was 0.78 (95% CI 0.63 - 0.98), while for the length of education of mothers was 1.22 (95% CI 1.01 - 1.48). We also conducted a qualitative study to explore food distribution and utilization within the household. Qualitative data analysis showed that, except for pregnant mothers, “good food” was prioritized the least for mothers. The persistent barriers for utilization of quality and diverse food are access to such food rather than knowledge of what is considered “good food for health”. Increasing access and consumption of diverse foods for all mothers beyond pregnancies is an important factor for preventing stunting in Indonesian children from rural agricultural households.
PREFERRED METHOD OF PURCHASING SUPPLEMENTS AMONG GOVERNMENT SERVANTS IN PUTRAJAYA
Authors: Nurul Syakilah Embok Raub  , Abdul Majid Hazreen
Published: September 2021

Despite the risk of buying dangerous unregistered or counterfeit health supplement products online, the purchases still persist. This study aimed to identify the current preferred purchasing method and factors that influenced the preference. A cross-sectional study using simple random sampling was conducted among supplement purchasers within government servants in Putrajaya, Malaysia. Data were collected using an online self-reported questionnaire from 1st February to 1st August 2020. The traditional method became the preferred way of purchasing supplements (Traditional=68% vs Online=32%). However, younger and middle group (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.41–3.21 and OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.22–3.82, respectively), females (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.05–1.80) and, non-Malays (Indian and others, OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.11–0.95 and OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.17–0.88, respectively) significantly preferred online purchases. Product quality was the most important factor for both purchasing methods (P<0.001). Meanwhile, the main motivating factor for choosing the traditional method was ‘ease of getting the product to advise and relevant information (n=595, 72.4%), in online, it was ‘being able to read the product reviews through the internet (IT)’ (n=205, 52.8%). The majority of respondents checked for many similar supplement products before purchase (50.9% Traditional and 38.4% Online). Surprisingly, no significant differences were found in knowledge for identifying registered products between both methods (p=0.330). The traditional method was still preferred and indicates that the health awareness of the respondents is encouraging. However, this result cannot be generalized to the population. Hence, efforts to enhance public knowledge, awareness, and promoting the safety and efficacious issues on registered supplement products must be continued.
EXPLORING ETHNOMEDICINE PLANTS USED BY THE INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES IN TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA: HUMAN HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Muhammad Fuad Abdullah  , Elizabeth Pesiu  , Mohd Noor Mohd Iqbal , Azniza Ahmad Zaini  , Azzeri Amirah , Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah
Published: September 2021

Indigenous communities in Malaysia practice traditional medicine, particularly from the surrounding plants to cure different diseases and illnesses. This traditional way of life has been practised for centuries and passed down through generations. This study aims to document medicinal plants that have been used by the Orang Asli to treat illness. A qualitative ethnomedical study was done to document the species that were believed to have medicinal value. This study was carried at all three resettlement villages in Terengganu. Eleven informants who were the head of household with the age of over 30 years old were interviewed. Fieldwork surveys, observation and face-to-face communication were methods used in this study. The finding shows that most of the Orang Asli community in Terengganu are still dependent on plants and herbs to cure ailments. A total of 106 species that belong to 55 plant families were used by them. This study will encourage researchers in various fields such as ethnobotanical, ethno-zoological, ethnomedicinal and pharmaceutical and toxicological accomplishment of flora and fauna from these areas. As such, these medicinal plants need some more extensive efforts to validate scientifically and clinically were to prove the ethnomedical claims toward them.
FACTORS AFFECTING HOUSEWIVES’ ATTITUDES TO HIV AND AIDS TEST IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA
Authors: Setiyawati Nanik , Meilani Niken
Published: September 2021

HIV testing becomes one of the standard components of mother and child health and family planning services at every level of health care. Increase case oh HIV among Housewives. There are 67% of pregnant women supported HIV test, but only 24% who tested HIV. This study aims to know the factors that influence the housewife attitude toward HIV testing in Yogyakarta which includes knowledge, mother’s belief in HIV testing, belief the attitude of her husband, friend and community leaders. This research is correlational analytic with cross sectional design.  The sample are 350 housewives in Yogya City and Sleman district that already implemented Prevention Mother to Child Transmission for HIV program. Analysis data use chi square and logistic regression. The result is majority of respondents: mothers aged >35 years, secundipara, education level is middle, husband's work as an employee and family income above the regional minimum income standard. Majority respondents have a good knowledge of HIV/AIDS and HIV testing, supportive attitudes toward HIV testing and have high belief in HIV testing from husband's attitudes and community leader’s attitude. Respondents’ belief that the attitude of friends did not support HIV testing for them. The majority have a supportive attitude to HIV testing are have a good knowledge of HIV/AIDS, have high belief in HIV testing, have high belief in the attitudes of husbands, friends and community leaders. The most factors influence on mother's attitude toward HIV testing is mother belief in her husband's attitude
MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH STATUS RELATED TO NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN DURING LACTATION PERIOD: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY AMONG MOTHERS WITH CHILDREN AGE 0 – 6 MONTHS IN AGRICULTURAL AREAS OF INDONESIA
Authors: Susanto Tantut , Yunanto Rismawan Adi , Rasni Hanny , Susumaningrum Latifa Aini
Published: September 2021

Maternal and child health status (MCHS) plays an essential role in the exclusive breastfeeding practice (EBP), which in turn helps to determine the nutritional status and development of children (NSC & CD) aged 0-6 months. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors influencing EBP, NSC, and CD to MCHS in Jember, East Java, Indonesia. A family-based survey was conducted among 470 mothers with children aged 0-6 months, by using a stratified random sampling method. Furthermore, a self-administered questionnaire was used to measure the characteristics of children and mothers, MCHS, EBP, NSC (z score with weight per age= WAZ and height per age= HAZ), and CD (pre-screening developmental questionnaire=PSDQ). The prevalence of EBP was 74.7% (95% CI= 65.5 – 81.2%), with influential factors being education, family income, children's age, and distress to limitations. Also, the Z-score of WAZ and HAZ were 2.99±0.22 and 3.01±0.22, respectively (3% of underweight and 1.7% of stunting). The factors influencing WAZ were children's age, birth weight, approach, and attentional shifting. However, the factors that only influenced the HAZ was the children's age. Also, among children three months old, the score of PSDQ was 8.30±1.33 (0.8% of deviation and 56.5% of suspect development), and their influenced factors were mother's work, infant's age, and the weight of birth. Among those that were 6 months old, the PSDQ score was 8.83±1.42 (7% of deviation and 24.3% of suspect development), and their influenced factors were mainly relationship. The analysis of the result further showed that the EBP, NSC, and CD, are related to MCHS, in rural agricultural areas. Therefore, the relationship of the parent-child should function appropriately, in order to support infant growth and development during lactation.
Cardiotonic Activity of Daidzein Against Doxorubicin-Induced Congestive Cardiac Failure in Rats
Authors: Li Yuan , Li Zhanhu , Liu Shuai , Su Yakun , Li Yong
Published: September 2021

Despite significant medical advances, congestive heart failure remains associated with high mortality rate. Therefore, there is a continuing need for better therapeutics. In this study, we have examined the effect of daidzein against congestive heart failure induced by administration of doxorubicin. Blood pressure, electrocardiogram, B-type natriuretic peptide, and markers of oxidative stress were assessed as measures of cardioprotective effect of daidzein. To further assess the mechanism, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay, Western blot assay, and histopathology were performed. Daidzein reduced blood pressure, reversed the altered pattern of electrocardiogram, levels of B-type natriuretic peptide, and oxidative stress markers in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Furthermore, treatment with daidzein ameliorated apoptosis and expression of proinflammatory proteins and oxidative pathway.
Inserción de Honeycomb en túnel de viento de la FCITEC
Authors: Morales Contreras Oscar Adrián , Paz González Juan Antonio , Paz González Mauricio Leonel , Sumbarda Ramos Emigdia Guadalupe , Arciniega Martínez José
Published: September 2021

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la modificación en la cámara estabilizadora del túnel de viento de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología (FCITEC), utilizando un honeycomb y cuyo objetivo fue reducir la intensidad de la turbulencia en la zona de pruebas. Se presentan los resultados experimentales y se comparan con un análisis de CFD realizado con el software ANSYS-Fluent. La modificación permitió una reducción de la intensidad de la turbulencia en un 2% en la zona de pruebas.
Is there a window of opportunity for flexibility development in youth? A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Donti Olyvia , Konrad Andreas , Panidi Ioli , Dinas Petros , Bogdanis Gregory
Published: September 2021

Review question / Objective: To examine if there is a difference in the effect of stretching training on flexibility during childhood (6-11 years of age) and adolescence (12-18 years of age). Condition being studied: We are going to examine whether there is a greater response to stretching training (i.e. ‘window of opportunity’) during childhood, compared with adolescence. Information sources: Two review team members will independently screen the titles and abstracts of the retrieved publications to select the eligible publications. One review team member will act as a referee in case of disagreement between the review team members. We will also ensure that any retracted publications are identified and excluded from the selection outcome. Furthermore, we will locate the full texts that will not be immediately accessible, via emails to the lead authors and/journals of publication. A full list of the excluded publications will be provided in the final version of the systematic review.
Particular aspects of dermatological diseases in patients with HIV infection
Authors:   Clinica a 2-a Dermatologie, Spitalul Clinic Colentina, Bucureşti, România, Răducan Anca , Constantin Magdalena ,   Clinica a 2-a Dermatologie, Spitalul Clinic Colentina, Bucureşti, România,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, România, Dumitru Irina Magdalena ,   Facultatea de Medicină generală a Universităţii „Ovidius“, Constanţa, România,   Spitalul Clinic de Boli infecţioase, Constanţa, România, Rugină Sorin ,   Facultatea de Medicină generală a Universităţii „Ovidius“, Constanţa, România,   Spitalul Clinic de Boli infecţioase, Constanţa, România
Published: September 2021

Objectives. To describe particular aspects of dermatoses in HIV-positive patients and assess clinical and therapeutical correlations. Material and methods. A systematic review was performed of the medical literature, totaling 49 works, to evaluate information on the following dermatological diseases: syphilis malignant, pruritic papular eruption of HIV, molluscum contagiosum, infection due to varicella-zoster virus or human papilloma virus, cutaneous histoplasmosis, Kaposi’s sarcoma, non-melanoma skin carcinomas, skin and soft tissue infections, HIV associated pruritus, HIV immune reconstruction syndrome (IRIS) associated dermatoses, vitiligo, lupus erythematosus, and Norwegian scabies. Results. Dermatological conditions are among the first clinical manifestations of AIDS, the number of patients with dermatitis being inversely proportional to the CD4 + count and proportionate to the stage of disease. Mucocutaneous manifestations associated with HIV-1 infection are classified into primary and secondary, but their pathogenesis is not completely elucidated, and secondary complications are associated with a lower HIV prevalence since HAART has become available. Conclusions. The majority of dermatological diseases in HIV positive patients have a clinically more severe course, with a prolonged evolution, are more resistant to treatment, tend to recur more frequently and may exacerbate during the first months of initiating HAART, due to immune reconstruction inflammatory syndrome.
Renoprotective effects of nicotine
Authors:   Spitalul Clinic de Nefrologie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, România, Ene Corina Daniela , Penescu Mircea ,   Spitalul Clinic de Nefrologie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, România, Nicolae Ilinca ,   Spitalul Clinic de Boli Infecţioase şi Tropicale „Victor Babeş“, Bucureşti, România, Ceauşu Emanoil ,   Spitalul Clinic de Boli Infecţioase şi Tropicale „Victor Babeş“, Bucureşti, România
Published: September 2021

Several recent data showed the protective effect of nicotine in cells metabolism and in limiting ischemic and reperfusion lesions in kidney. These effects of nicotine are the results of the interaction between nicotine and cholinergic receptors, expressed in many cells and tissues in the organism. Nowadays, the therapeutic options in reducing the effects of hypoxia, ischemia and reperfusion are limited. In this paper, we will present the newest data about the role of nicotine in limiting inflammation and preventing the effects of tissue hypoxia and ischemia. These optimistic results justify the researches regarding the possible therapeutic effects of nicotine, a natural alkaloid that plays an essential role in adjusting the production of cytokines and the antiinflamatory response.
The role of infectious agents and of host traits in triggering the febrile seizures in children
Authors:   Catedra de Pediatrie şi Neurologie Pediatrică, Spitalul Clinic de Copii „Dr. V. Gomoiu“, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, Cornitescu Marius , Pleşca Doina Anca ,   Catedra de Pediatrie şi Neurologie Pediatrică, Spitalul Clinic de Copii „Dr. V. Gomoiu“, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti
Published: September 2021

Febrile seizures are a common and impressive pathology of early childhood. Although generally benign, febrile seizures may be associated with the development of epilepsy in a minority of cases. Particular inducing agents (viral or bacterial infections, vaccines) have been associated with the development of febrile seizures; however, an impressive amount of data underline the importance of the subject susceptibility in this pathology. Neural, inflammatory and metabolic particularities of subjects have been described in association with the development of febrile seizures. A better understanding of the involved mechanisms will generate improved outcome prediction and treatment options.
Prediction risk of complications and death in children with chronic hepatitis infection and extrahepatic manifestations
Authors:   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr. T. Popa“, Iaşi, Azoicăi Alice Nicoleta ,   Spitalul Clinic de Urgenţe pentru Copii „Sf. Maria“, Iaşi, Moraru Evelina ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr. T. Popa“, Iaşi,   Spitalul Clinic de Urgenţe pentru Copii „Sf. Maria“, Iaşi
Published: September 2021

Background. Cirhogenetic chronic evolution of these patients is related to the etiology, co-morbidities, the type of virus, the addition of metabolic diseases. Fibrosis markers of biological and clinical aspects must be permanently monitored. Materials and method. In a retrospective study we followed 40 patients diagnosed with cirrhosis, in the IInd Pediatric Clinic of the „Sf. Maria“ Emergency Hospital for Children in Iasi, between 2004-2014, out of 239 cases chronically infected recorded in this period of time. Results. The analysis of patients with extrahepatic manifestations showed no statistically significant differences, although the lack of seroconversion is more frequent in patients with extrahepatic manifestations versus those without (31.42% vs. 22.18%). The prospective study conducted in the pediatric population that was followed demonstrated that the risk of liver cirrhosis is by 3.03 times higher in male patients. The average age was 12.88 years, most children were diagnosed with liver cirrhosis after 10 years of age. The etiology predominant predisposing to development was HBV hepatitis, unlike hepatitis metabolic type, which has a milder trend. Conclusion. Complications detected included portal hypertension, ascites, pruritus, hepatic encephalopathy. In terms of frequency, itching had the largest share, followed by hepatic encephalopathy.
Difficulties of diagnostic in a child with HIV infection and pulmonary lesions
Authors:   Spitalul de Boli Infecţioase şi Tropicale „Dr. Victor Babeş“, Bucureşti, România, Smâdu Sebastian , Tetradov Simona ,   Spitalul de Boli Infecţioase şi Tropicale „Dr. Victor Babeş“, Bucureşti, România, Oprea Cristiana ,   Spitalul de Boli Infecţioase şi Tropicale „Dr. Victor Babeş“, Bucureşti, România,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, România
Published: September 2021

Diagnosis of pulmonary lesions in HIV infected children can be challenging. If in adults to obtain sputum samples to support the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is relatively easy, establishing diagnosis in children can be more difficult. Pulmonary tuberculosis is the most frequent opportunistic infection in HIV infected patients from low and middle income countries and therefore it is one of the first suspected etiology in cases with abnormal chest X ray. However, in case of an interstitial pneumonia, especially in children, it is important to take in consideration also other etiologies. We present the case of a 2 year old girl, diagnosed with HIV infection during a recurrent episode of parotiditis. Even if the initial clinical aspect and laboratory exam suggested a pulmonary tuberculosis, the supposition was not confirmed. The pulmonary disease was most probable a lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia in a HIV infected child with high positive titers of IgG anti Epstein Barr virus.
TREATMENT CHALLENGES IN ENTEROCOCCUS FAECIUM SEPSIS AND CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE DIARRHEA IN A PATIENT WITH B-CELL NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA – CASE REPORT
Authors:   Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Popescu Ramona Stefania ,   “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania, Ilie Adina ,   “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania, Bacruban Rodica ,   “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania, Apostolescu Catalin ,   Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest,   “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania, Streinu-Cercel Adrian ,   Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest,   “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
Published: September 2021

The risk of developing secondary infections in immunocompromised patients due to hematological malignancies and the treatments for such conditions is very well known. Fever can be the only manifestation of a serious infection among this category of patients. The degree and duration of neutropenia is directly related to the risk of multiple infectious complications. When we are dealing with severely impaired host defenses virtually any microorganism can become invasive, bacteria (gram-positive pathogens, but gram-negative as well), being the greatest immediate threat. Multiple pathogens isolated from an immunocompromised host can represent a major challenge for the clinician, especially when we have to face multidrug resistant (MDR) microorganisms, also called “superbugs”. Besides, when we confront such a patient with many comorbidities and a high risk for MDR pathogens infection, we also confront with a lot of limitations in terms of treatment options. We present a complicated case of glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium sepsis secondary to Clostridium difficile colitis in a 63 years old female patient with B-cell non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) during the R-CHOP therapy.
Investigating Algerian EFL Students’ Online Learning Readiness
Authors: Benabed Ammar , Abdelhadi Amina
Published: September 2021

Readiness is a critical factor to implement effective educational change. Accordingly, the present study aims to examine Algerian university EFL students’ online learning readiness. To reach this aim, a survey is conducted with 150 first year EFL students from Ibn Khaldoun University of Tiaret using an online questionnaire. The findings of this study highlight the correlation between EFL students’ readiness and willingness to online learning. It is found that due to technological constraints, the majority of EFL students demonstrate low level of online learning readiness which, in turn, affects their willingness to engage actively in this process. They rate themselves lower in terms of prior experience of online learning, time management, self directed learning, self efficacy, online communication and motivation. Hence, this study ends up with some suggestions and further practical implications.
Pengembangan Bermain Bowling Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Mengenal Angka Pada Anak Kelompok A Ba Aisyiyah Wunut Tulung Klaten
Authors: Noor Fu'ad Arif , Suwanti Sri
Published: September 2021

The problem in the research is that group A students at BA Aisyiyah Wunut Tulung Klaten, do not yet have the ability to recognize optimal numbers in terms of mentioning numbers 1 to 10, counting objects, mentioning the order of objects, and connecting objects with number symbols. So how is the implementation of playing bowling to improve the ability to recognize numbers in group A children at BA Aisyiyah Wunut Tulung Klaten. And how to increase the ability to recognize numbers through bowling for group A children at BA Aisyiyah Wunut Tulung Klaten.The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of bowling in improving the ability to recognize numbers in children of group A in BA Aisyiyah Wunut Tulung Klaten and to determine the increase in ability to recognize numbers through bowling in children of group A in BA Aisyiyah Wunut Tulung Klaten. This study used a classroom action research (CAR) approach with 16 children in group A at BA Aisyiyah Wunut Tulung Klaten as research subjects. The research was carried out in two cycles, using qualitative data collection techniques with observation, interviews and documentation.The results showed that the implementation of learning to recognize numbers by playing bowling made the children of group A in BA Aisyiyah Wunut Tulung Klaten interested, which can be seen from the results of research with completeness before the action reached 0%, increased in cycle 1 it reached 25%, in cycle 2 it reached 50 %, so the child's ability to recognize numbers from pre-action and cycle II has increased by 50%.
OVULASYON TETİKLEME GÜNÜ YÜKSEK PROGESTERON DEĞERİNİN, GELİŞEN EMBRİYO ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ; KROMOZOMAL PERSPEKTİF
Authors: KARLİKAYA Güvenç , BOYNUKALIN Kübra , YARKINER Zalihe , KARAKIŞ Lale Susan , BAHÇECİ Mustafa
Published: September 2021

OVULASYON TETİKLEME GÜNÜ YÜKSEK PROGESTERON DEĞERİNİN, GELİŞEN EMBRİYO ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ; KROMOZOMAL PERSPEKTİF

ÖZET:

Amaç :Kontrollü ovaryan hiperstimulasyon sikluslarında, ovulasyon tetikleme günü yüksek progesteron düzeylerinin, gelişen embriyonun, kromozom yapısı üzerine etkilerini araştırmak.

Gereçler ve Yöntem: Bu retrospektif çalışmada, Bahçeci Fulya Tüp Bebek Merkezinde, Ocak 2016 ve Ağustos 2019 tarihleri arasında 288 olgunun, 288 ICSI-PGT-A siklusu değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Ovulasyon tetiklenmesi günü P4 değerlerine göre olgular 3 gruba ayrılmıştır. Grup A, 1,5 ng/ml. Öploidi oranı Grup A’da %60,5 iken Grup B ve C de bu oran %61,4 ve %61,6 olarak belirlenmiş ve istatistiksel farklılık gözlenmemiştir (p=0.952).

Sonuç: Çalışma sonucunda, ovulasyon tetikleme günü farklı progesteron düzeylerinin, öploid embryo oranlarına etkisinin bulunmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.