bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional traits explain both seedling and adult plant spatial patterns in gypsum annual species
Authors: Peralta Ana L. , Escudero Adrián , de la Cruz Marcelino , Sánchez Ana M. , Luzuriaga Arantzazu L.
Published: February 2023

Ecological processes such as seed dispersal or plant–plant interactions and environmental constraints such as climate or soil heterogeneity are known to influence establishment, and thus the spatial patterns of plant communities and populations. In this study, we hypothesized that key functional traits such as the specific leaf area (SLA), reproductive ratio (reproductive/vegetative biomass), seed mass and maximum plant height would influence the spatial patterns of individual species in annual, gypsophilous plant communities, and that these effects would be modulated by both the soil surface structure (biocrust) and climate (precipitation) conditions.

We mapped the spatial patterns of all plants found in six 1 × 1 m plots (more than 1000 individuals per plot) in both the seedling (autumn) and adult stages (spring) under two biocrust experimental conditions (intact vs. disturbed biocrust) during two consecutive years which were contrasted in term of precipitation (dry year and wet year). To assess the spatial patterns of seedlings and adults, we fitted four different spatial point pattern models (i.e. Poisson, inhomogeneous Poisson, Poisson cluster and inhomogeneous Poisson cluster processes) to each of the 242 populations of the 26 most abundant species that had more than 15 individuals per plot.

Most seedling populations exhibited clustered spatial patterns that persisted in the adult stage, which suggests that short‐distance dispersal is an adaptive trait for soil specialists such as gypsophilous plants. One‐third of the populations fitted an inhomogeneous model best but the physical structure of the biocrust was not related to them. More importantly, we found a connection between the functional strategies of species and the spatial distribution of plants. In particular, during the dry year, irrespective of the biocrust conditions, species with a high SLA and high Rep/Veg mainly exhibited clustered spatial patterns, whereas low SLA and low Rep/Veg were associated with random distributions. Species with heavy and light seed masses had random and clustered patterns, respectively. In both the dry and wet years, species with lower maximum heights had clustered patterns, whereas taller species exhibited random patterns. In addition, species with heavier seeds and greater maximum heights had the largest cluster sizes.

Our results confirm that the spatial patterns of seedlings and adult plants are significantly determined by the functional strategy of each species.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
A new dimethylsulfoniopropionate lyase of the cupin superfamily in marine bacteria
Authors: Wang Shu‐Yan , Zhang Nan , Teng Zhao‐Jie , Wang Xiao‐Di , Todd Jonathan D. , Zhang Yu‐Zhong , Cao Hai‐Yan , Li Chun‐Yang
Published: February 2023

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is a marine organosulfur compound with important roles in stress protection, marine biogeochemical cycling, chemical signalling and atmospheric chemistry. Diverse marine microorganisms catabolize DMSP via DMSP lyases to generate the climate‐cooling gas and info‐chemical dimethyl sulphide. Abundant marine heterotrophs of the Roseobacter group (MRG) are well known for their ability to catabolize DMSP via diverse DMSP lyases. Here, a new DMSP lyase DddU within the MRG strain Amylibacter cionae H‐12 and other related bacteria was identified. DddU is a cupin superfamily DMSP lyase like DddL, DddQ, DddW, DddK and DddY, but shares <15% amino acid sequence identity with these enzymes. Moreover, DddU proteins forms a distinct clade from these other cupin‐containing DMSP lyases. Structural prediction and mutational analyses suggested that a conserved tyrosine residue is the key catalytic amino acid residue in DddU. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the dddU gene, mainly from Alphaproteobacteria, is widely distributed in the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian and polar oceans. For reference, dddU is less abundant than dddP, dddQ and dddK, but much more frequent than dddW, dddY and dddL in marine environments. This study broadens our knowledge on the diversity of DMSP lyases, and enhances our understanding of marine DMSP biotransformation.
Dissolution and Deformation Characteristics of Limestones Containing Different Calcite and Dolomite Content Induced by CO2‐Water‐Rock Interaction
Authors: CHEN Bowen , LI Qi , TAN Yongsheng , ALVI Ishrat Hameed
Published: February 2023

To investigate the impacts of mineral composition on physical and mechanical properties of carbonate rocks, limestone specimens containing different contents in calcite and dolomite are selected to perform CO2‐water‐rock reaction experiments. The X‐ray Diffraction (XRD) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) are carried out to examine the change characteristics of mineral dissolution and pore structure after reaction. The core flooding experiments with Fiber Bragg gratings are implemented to examine the stress sensitivity of carbonate rocks. The results show that the limestones containing pure calcite are more susceptible to acid dissolution compared to limestone containing impure dolomite. The calcite content in pure limestone decreases as the reaction undergoes. The dissolution of dolomite leads to the formation of calcite in impure limestone. Calcite dissolution leads to the formation of macropore and flow channels in pure limestone, while the effects of impure dolomite in impure limestone results in mesopore formation. When confining pressure is lower than 12 MPa, pure limestones demonstrate higher strain sensitivity coefficients compared to impure limestone containing dolomite after reaction. When confining pressure exceeds 12 MPa, the strain sensitivity coefficients of both pure and impure limestones become almost equal.
Validation of the FASD‐Tree as a screening tool for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Authors: Mattson Sarah N. , Jones Kenneth Lyons , Chockalingam Ganz , Wozniak Jeffrey R. , Hyland Matthew T. , Courchesne‐Krak Natasia S. , Del Campo Miguel , Riley Edward P. ,   the CIFASD
Published: February 2023

Background

As many as 80% of individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are misdiagnosed or not diagnosed. This study tests the accuracy and validity of a web‐based screening tool (the FASD‐Tree) for identifying children and adolescents with FASD.

Methods

Children with histories of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and controls (N = 302, including 224 with PAE and 78 controls) were examined for physical signs of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), and parents completed behavioral questionnaires. Data were entered into the FASD‐Tree, a web‐based decision tree application. The FASD‐Tree provided two outcomes: a dichotomous indicator (yes/no) and a numeric risk score (0 to 5), which have been shown separately to identify children with PAE and neurobehavioral impairment and to correlate with neurobehavioral outcomes. Overall accuracy (ACC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for the decision tree, risk score, and their combination. Misclassified cases were examined for systematic bias.

Results

The FASD‐Tree was successful in accurately identifying youth with histories of PAE and the subgroup of individuals with FASD, indicating its validity as an FASD screening tool. Overall accuracy rates for FASD‐Tree components ranged from 75.0% to 84.1%, and both the decision tree outcome and risk score, and their combination, resulted in fair to good discrimination (area under the curve = 0.722 to 0.862) of youth with histories of PAE or FASD. While most participants were correctly classified, those who were misclassified differed in IQ and attention. Race, ethnicity, and sex did not affect the results.

Conclusion

The FASD‐Tree is not a biomarker of PAE and does not provide definitive evidence of prenatal alcohol exposure. Rather it is an accurate and valid screening tool for FASD and can be used by clinicians who suspect that a patient has a history of PAE, even if the exposure is unknown.
Effective peer review audit and identification of the surgeon outlier
Authors: Treacy P. John , Toonson Philip , Blackadder Helen
Published: February 2023

Background

Surgical audit aims to identify ways to maintain and improve the quality of care for patients, in part by assessment of a surgeon's activities and outcomes. However effective data systems to facilitate audit are uncommon. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a tool for Peer Review Audit.

Methods

All General Surgeons in Darwin and the Top End were encouraged to self‐record their surgical activity, including procedures and adverse events related to procedures, using the College's Morbidity Audit and Logbook Tool (MALT).

Results

A total of 6 surgeons and 3518 operative events were recorded in MALT between 2018 and 2019. De‐identified reports of each surgeon's activities, compared directly to the audit group, were created by each surgeon, with correction for complexity of procedures and ASA status. Nine complications Grade 3 and greater were recorded, plus 6 deaths, 25 unplanned returns to theatre (8% failure to rescue rate), 7 unplanned admissions to ICU and 8 unplanned readmissions. One surgeon outlier was identified (>3 standard deviation over group mean) for unplanned returns to theatre. This surgeon's specific cases were reviewed at our morbidity and mortality meeting using the MALT Self Audit Report and changes were implemented as a result, with future progress monitored.

Conclusion

The College's MALT system effectively enabled Peer Group Audit. All participating surgeons were readily able to present and validate their own results. A surgeon outlier was reliably identified. This led to effective practice change. The proportion of surgeons who participated was low. Adverse events were likely under‐reported.
A grounded theory study on the dynamics of parental grief during the children's end of life
Authors: Kochen Eline M. , Grootenhuis Martha A. , Teunissen Saskia C. C. M. , Boelen Paul A. , Tataranno Maria‐Luisa , Fahner Jurrianne C. , de Jonge Roos R. , Houben Michiel L. , Kars Marijke C. ,   the emBRACE‐working group
Published: February 2023

Aim

Parents are increasingly confronted with loss during their child's end of life. Healthcare professionals struggle with parental responses to loss. This study aimed to understand parental coping with grief during their child's end of life.

Methods

A grounded theory study was performed, using semi‐structured interviews with parents during the child's end of life and recently bereaved parents. Data were collected in four children's university hospitals and paediatric homecare services between October 2020 and December 2021. A multidisciplinary team conducted the analysis.

Results

In total, 38 parents of 22 children participated. Parents strived to sustain family life, to be a good parent and to ensure a full life for their child. Meanwhile parents' grief increased because of their hypervigilance towards signs of loss. Parents' coping with grief is characterised by an interplay of downregulating grief and connecting with grief, aimed at creating emotional space to be present and connect with their child. Parents connected with grief when it was forced upon them or when they momentarily allowed themselves to.

Conclusion

The parents' ability to engage with grief becomes strained during the end of life. Healthcare professionals should support parents in their search for a balance that facilitates creating emotional space.
Bayesian Investor Belief Updating Speed and Market Underreaction to Earnings Announcements
Authors: Han Yan , Cui Xin , Tian Gloria Y. , Wang Peipei
Published: February 2023

Building on the Bayesian Theorem, we propose a multi‐period market microstructure model to understand how Bayesian investors underact new information and the duration of market underreaction. Applying the model to post‐earnings‐announcement drifts, our simulation and regression analyses show that the duration of the post‐announcement price adjustment process and the post‐announcement drifts can be explained by the new measure of belief updating speed that quantifies the uncertainties faced by Bayesian investors when incorporating new information into prices. Our study highlights the importance of incorporating the belief uncertainties of uninformed investors in explaining market underreaction in the Bayesian framework.
Pharmaceutical regulation under market integration through parallel trade
Authors: Birg Laura
Published: February 2023

In this paper, I study the effect of parallel trade (cross‐border resale of goods without the authorization of the manufacturer) on pharmaceutical regulation. Governments may restrict prices directly (price caps) or limit third‐party payer reimbursement for the drug (reimbursement limits). I find that parallel trade may relax regulation in the source country of parallel imports under both instruments and intensify regulation in the destination country under a reimbursement limit. I also find that parallel trade may change regulatory preferences: under no parallel trade, both the source and destination country set price caps, and under parallel trade, the source country sets a price cap but the destination country sets a reimbursement limit, thereby enforcing a higher price cap in the South. This implies that drug prices are higher under parallel trade in both source and destination countries.
The association between sex hormones and the change in brain‐predicted age difference in older women
Authors: Wrigglesworth Jo , Harding Ian H. , Islam Rakibul M. , Ward Phillip G. D. , Woods Robyn L. , Bell Robin J. , McNeil John J. , Storey Elsdon , Egan Gary , Murray Anne M. , Trevaks Ruth E. , Ward Stephanie A. , Davis Susan R. , Ryan Joanne
Published: February 2023

Objective

The role of circulating sex hormones on structural brain ageing is yet to be established. This study explored whether concentrations of circulating sex hormones in older women are associated with the baseline and longitudinal changes in structural brain ageing, defined by the brain‐predicted age difference (brain‐PAD).

Design

Prospective cohort study using data from NEURO and Sex Hormones in Older Women; substudies of the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly clinical trial.

Patients

Community‐dwelling older women (aged 70+ years).

Measurements

Oestrone, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and sex‐hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were quantified from plasma samples collected at baseline. T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging was performed at baseline, 1 and 3 years. Brain age was derived from whole brain volume using a validated algorithm.

Results

The sample comprised of 207 women not taking medications known to influence sex hormone concentrations. A statistically higher baseline brain‐PAD (older brain age relative to chronological age) was seen for women in the highest DHEA tertile compared with the lowest in the unadjusted analysis (p = .04). This was not significant when adjusted for chronological age, and potential confounding health and behavioural factors. Oestrone, testosterone and SHBG were not associated with brain‐PAD cross‐sectionally, nor were any of the examined sex hormones or SHBG associated with brain‐PAD longitudinally.

Conclusion

No strong evidence of an association between circulating sex hormones and brain‐PAD. Given there is prior evidence to suggests sex hormones may be important for brain ageing, further studies of circulating sex hormones and brain health in postmenopausal women are warranted.
Resolution of peri‐implant mucositis at tissue‐ and bone‐level implants: A 6‐month prospective controlled clinical trial
Authors: Iorio‐Siciliano Vincenzo , Blasi Andrea , Isola Gaetano , Sculean Anton , Salvi Giovanni E. , Ramaglia Luca
Published: February 2023

Objective

The objective of the study was to compare resolution of inflammation of naturally occurring peri‐implant mucositis (PM) at tissue‐level (TL) and bone‐level (BL) implants after non‐surgical mechanical debridement.

Materials and Methods

Fifty‐four patients with 74 Implants with PM were allocated in two groups (39 TL and 35 BL implants) and treated by means of subgingival debridement using a sonic scaler with a plastic tip without adjunctive measures. At baseline and at 1, 3, 6 months, the full‐mouth plaque score (FMPS), full‐mouth bleeding score (FMBS), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and modified plaque index (mPlI) were recorded. The primary outcome was BOP change.

Results

After 6 months, the FMPS, FMBS, PD, and number of implants with plaque decreased statistically significantly in each group (p < .05); however, no statistically significant differences were found between TL and BL implants (p > .05). After 6 months, 17 (43.6%) TL and 14 (40%) BL implants showed a BOP change in (17.9%) and (11.4%), respectively. No statistical difference was recorded between groups.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of present study, the findings showed no statistically significant differences in terms of changes in clinical parameters following non‐surgical mechanical treatment of PM at TL and BL implants. A complete resolution of PM (i.e., no BOP at all implant sites) was not achieved in both groups.
High overexploitation risk due to management shortfall in highly traded requiem sharks
Authors: Sherman C. Samantha , Digel Eric D. , Zubick Patrick , Eged Jonathan , Haque Alifa B. , Matsushiba Jay H. , Simpfendorfer Colin A. , Sant Glenn , Dulvy Nicholas K.
Published: February 2023

Most of the international trade in fins (and likely meat too) is derived from requiem sharks (family Carcharhinidae), yet trade in only two of the 56 species is currently regulated. Here, we quantify catch, trade, and the shortfall in national and regional fisheries management (M‐Risk) for all 56 requiem shark species based on 831 assessments across 30 countries and four Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs). Requiem sharks comprise over half (60%) of the annual reported global Chondrichthyan catch with most species (86%) identified in the international fin trade. Requiem sharks are inadequately managed by fisheries, with an average M‐Risk of half (50%) of an ideal score, consequently 70% of species are threatened globally. The high catch and trade volume and shortfall in management of these iconic species require worldwide fisheries management for sustainable catch, supported by full implementation of CITES regulations for international trade of this newly listed family.
Impact of converting adult kidney transplant recipients with high tacrolimus variability from twice daily immediate release tacrolimus to once daily LCP‐Tacrolimus
Authors: Taber David J. , Bartlett Felicia , Patel Neha , Sprague Taylor , Patel Shikha , Newman Jessica , Andrade Erika , Rao Nikhil , Salas Maria Aurora Posadas , Casey Michael , Dubay Derek , Rohan Vinayak
Published: February 2023

Background

The influence of converting to once daily, extended‐release LCP‐Tacrolimus (Tac) for those with high tacrolimus variability in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is not well‐studied.

Methods

Single‐center, retrospective cohort study of adult KTRs converted from Tac immediate release to LCP‐Tac 1‐2 years post‐transplant. Primary measures were Tac variability, using the coefficient of variation (CV) and time in therapeutic range (TTR), as well as clinical outcomes (rejection, infections, graft loss, death).

Results

A total of 193 KTRs included with a follow‐up of 3.2 ± .7 years and 1.3 ± .3 years since LCP‐Tac conversion. Mean age was 52 ± 13 years; 70% were African American, 39% were female, 16% living donor and 12% donor after cardiac death (DCD). In the overall cohort, tac CV was 29.5% before conversion, which increased to 33.4% after LCP‐Tac (p = .008). In those with Tac CV >30% (n = 86), conversion to LCP‐Tac reduced variability (40.6% vs. 35.5%; p = .019) and for those with Tac CV >30% and nonadherence or med errors (n = 16), LCP‐Tac conversion substantially reduced Tac CV (43.4% vs. 29.9%; p = .026). TTR significantly improved for those with Tac CV >30% with (52.4% vs. 82.8%; p = .027) or without nonadherence or med errors (64.8% vs. 73.2%; p = .005). CMV, BK, and overall infections were significantly higher prior to LCP‐Tac conversion. In the overall cohort, 3% had rejection before conversion and 2% after (p = NS). At end of follow‐up, graft and patient survival were 94% and 96%, respectively.

Conclusions

In those with high Tac CV, conversion to LCP‐Tac is associated with a significant reduction in variability and improvement in TTR, particularly in those with nonadherence or medication errors.
Immunohistochemical expression of TRPS1 in mammary Paget disease, extramammary Paget disease, and their close histopathologic mimics
Authors: Cho Woo Cheal , Ding Qingqing , Wang Wei‐Lien , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Curry Jonathan L. , Torres‐Cabala Carlos A. , Ivan Doina , Albarracin Constance T. , Sahin Aysegul , Prieto Victor G. , Aung Phyu P.
Published: February 2023

Background

Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TPRS1) expression has been found to be highly sensitive and specific for breast carcinomas. The frequency of TRPS1 expression in cutaneous neoplasms such as mammary Paget disease (MPD) and extramammary PD (EMPD) is currently unknown. We assessed the utility of TRPS1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the evaluation of MPD, EMPD, and their histopathologic mimics, squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCIS) and melanoma in situ (MIS).

Methods

Twenty‐four MPDs, 19 EMPDs, 13 SCCISs, and 9 MISs were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis using anti‐TRPS1 antibody. The intensity (none, 0; weak, 1+; moderate, 2+; strong, 3+) and proportion (<1%, absent; 1%–25%, focal; 26%–75%, patchy; >75%, diffuse) of TRPS1 expression were recorded. Relevant clinical data were documented.

Results

TPRS1 expression was present in 100% (24/24) of MPDs, with 88% (21/24) of MPDs exhibiting strong, diffuse immunoreactivity. Sixty‐eight percent (13/19) of EMPDs showed TRPS1 expression. Intriguingly, EMPDs lacking TRPS1 expression were consistently of perianal origin. TRPS1 expression was seen in 92% (12/13) of SCCISs but was absent in all MISs.

Conclusions

TRPS1 may be useful to distinguish MPDs/EMPDs from MISs, but its utility is limited in distinguishing them from other pagetoid intraepidermal neoplasms such as SCCISs.
Real‐world impact of once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide after 2 years of follow‐up: Results from a nationwide observational study in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Vilsbøll Tina , Lindahl Caroline Ø. , Nielsen Nick F. , Tikkanen Christian K.
Published: February 2023

Aim

To investigate the impact of treatment with once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide, a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA), for up to 2 years in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) managed in routine clinical practice.

Materials and methods

The study was based on data from national registries. People who redeemed at least one prescription of semaglutide and had 2 years of follow‐up were included. Data were collected at baseline and after 180, 360, 540 and 720 days of treatment (all timepoints ± 90 days).

Results

In total, 9284 people redeemed at least one semaglutide prescription (intention‐to‐treat) and 4132 people redeemed semaglutide continuously (on‐treatment). For the on‐treatment cohort, the median (interquartile range) age was 62.0 (16.0) years, diabetes duration was 10.8 (8.7) years, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level was 62.0 (18.0) mmol/mol at baseline. A subset of the on‐treatment cohort, comprising 2676 people, had HbA1c measurements at baseline and at least once during 720 days. The mean (95% confidence interval) changes in HbA1c after 720 days were –12.6 (–13.6; –11.6) mmol/mol (P < 0.001) for GLP‐1RA‐naïve people, and –5.6 (–6.2; –5.0) mmol/mol (P < 0.001) for GLP‐1RA‐experienced people. Similarly, 55% of GLP‐1RA‐naïve people and 43% of GLP‐1RA‐experienced people reached a HbA1c target of ≤53 mmol/mol after 2 years.

Conclusions

People treated with semaglutide in routine clinical practice experienced clinically relevant and sustained improvements in glycaemic control after 180, 360, 540 and 720 days, irrespective of former GLP‐1RA exposure, effects which were comparable with those observed in clinical studies. These results support the use of semaglutide in routine clinical practice for the long‐term management of T2D.
Sex pheromone of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda: identification of a trace component that enhances attractiveness and specificity
Authors: Tabata Jun , Nakano Ryo , Yasui Hiroe , Nakamura Keisuke , Takehara Koji , Matsuda Hiroshi , Ikenoue Yûki , Kusuhata Yûsuke , Kinjo Kunio , Nakama Kazue , Tsuha Yuko , Ishikawa Yukio
Published: February 2023

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous pest native to the tropical and subtropical Americas, but it has recently invaded the Eastern Hemisphere and spread rapidly. This migratory moth, which can fly long distances, now poses a global threat as a transboundary pest. To establish an efficient management program against this pest, monitoring of its occurrence is essential. Lures impregnated with four synthetic pheromone components of S. frugiperda – (Z)‐9‐tetradecenyl acetate (Z9‐14:Ac), (Z)‐11‐hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)‐7‐dodecenyl acetate, and (Z)‐9‐dodecenyl acetate – are commercially available, and traps baited with them are used for monitoring. However, in Japan, these pheromone traps frequently capture many non‐target moths, particularly Mythimna loreyi (Duponchel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). We therefore reexamined the sex pheromone of S. frugiperda in an attempt to improve the monitoring lures and discovered trace amounts of (Z,E)‐9,12‐tetradecadienyl acetate (Z9E12‐14:Ac) in female extracts at ca. 0.2% of the primary component (Z9‐14:Ac). We verified its activity in males by field trap bioassays as well as antennal electrophysiology and demonstrated that this fifth component enhances the attractiveness of synthetic pheromones composed of the other four components to S. frugiperda and reduces the bycatch of M. loreyi. As Z9E12‐14:Ac is found in pheromones of most Spodoptera species, it may have been a pheromone component in the common ancestor and played a key role in divergence of pheromone systems in the genus Spodoptera.
The CGA codon decoding through tRNAArg(ICG) supply governed by Tad2/Tad3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Wada Miki , Ito Koichi
Published: February 2023

The CGA codon is a rare codon in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is known to be inefficiently decoded by wobble pairing with Arg‐tRNA(ICG). The tRNAArg(ICG) is post‐transcriptionally edited from tRNAArg(ACG) by the anticodon first adenosine deamination enzyme Tad2/Tad3 complex. Experimental consecutive CGA codons cause ribosome stalling to result in the reduction of the encoding protein product. In this study, the additional supply of tRNAArg(ACG) genes that produce decoding Arg‐tRNA(ICG) promoted the product level from the CGA12‐luc reporter, revealing that the product reduction is essentially due to inefficient decoding and deficiency in the tRNA supply. The mature tRNAArg(ICG) and the precursor tRNAArg(ACG) ratios examined for cellular tRNA fraction revealed that the tRNAArg(ICG) ratio is maintained at less than 30% and is responsive to the Tad2/Tad3 expression level.
Microscale Simultaneous Measurement of Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes on Natural Diamond
Authors: Ishida Akizumi , Kitajima Kouki , Hashizume Ko , Spicuzza Michael J. , Zaitsev Alexander , Schulze Daniel J. , Valley John W.
Published: February 2023

Simultaneous analysis of carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios by SIMS was applied for the first‐time to a natural diamond from the Kelsey Lake kimberlite, State Line Distinct, Colorado (UWD‐1). This in situ procedure is faster, reduces sample size for analysis, and measures both isotope ratios from a single ~ 10 μm diameter pit, a critical advantage for zoned diamonds. The carbon isotope ratio (expressed as δ13CVPDB) of the bulk UWD‐1 crystal, determined by the conventional combustion method in the present study, is ‐5.9‰ ± 0.2‰ (VPDB, 2s). Nitrogen mass fraction ([N]) and isotope ratio (expressed as δ15NAir) were determined by stepwise combustion and gas‐source mass‐spectrometry, resulting in 553 ± 64 μg g‐1 and ‐6.7‰ ± 1.1‰ (Air, 2s), respectively. Secondary ions of 12C2‐, 12C13C‐, 12C14N‐, and 12C15N‐ were simultaneously measured by SIMS using three Faraday cups and one electron multiplier. The spot‐to‐spot reproducibility of δ13C and δ15N values for the UWD‐1 (178 spots on sixteen chips, 10 μm spots), were 0.3‰ and 1.6‰, respectively (2s). While 12C14N‐/12C2‐ ratios, which are an indicator for [N], varied up to 12% among these sixteen chips, such variation did not correlate with either δ13C or δ15N values. We propose that UWD‐1 is a suitable reference sample for microscale in situ analysis of δ13C and δ15N values in diamond samples.
A comparative study of cold drying conditions on the physicochemical, microbial and sensory properties of dried chicken slices
Authors: Aykın‐Dinçer Elif , Erbaş Mustafa
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to produce high‐quality dried chicken meat slices by a low‐temperature vacuum drying system. Chicken meat slices were cut in 2 and 4 mm thicknesses and then dried at the temperatures of 10 and 20 °C and the pressures of 1, 0.85 and 0.70 atm. The mean moisture content, water activity (aw) and pH values of the low‐temperature vacuum dried chicken slices were 41%, 0.90% and 6.23%, respectively. Depending on the temperature increase, the non‐protein nitrogen (NPN) (P < 0.01) value increased from 5.49 g per 100 g to 6.13 g per 100 g, and the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (P < 0.01) value increased from 13.33 to 17.89 μmol MDA kg−1. The colour of samples changed from a lighter and yellow to a darker and brownish as the drying temperature, pressure and thickness increased. The cutting force was higher at 2 mm thickness (18.42 N) (P < 0.01) and 0.70 atm pressure (17.12 N) (P < 0.05) conditions. The samples dried at 10 °C, 0.70 atm and 2 mm had higher microbiological quality and the highest overall acceptability score (7.57).
Fabrication of grains from bioprocessed nutri‐cereal flours: assessment of cooking profile, phytochemical composition, secondary protein fractions and structural characteristics
Authors: Sharma Savita , Sharma Rajan , Bhandari Manisha , Singh Baljit
Published: February 2023

The current study aimed at bioprocessing i.e. germination, fermentation and dual processing of different nutri‐cereals (red sorghum, white sorghum, foxtail millet, proso millet and barnyard millet) followed by their use in the development of fabricated grain in equal proportion with and without steaming. The fabricated grains were studied for cooking quality, bioactive composition and associated antioxidant activity, molecular interactions, structural characterisation and organoleptic evaluation. Bioprocessed fabricated grains had significantly lower cooking time, water absorption, and volume expansion but enhanced gruel solid loss while pre‐gelatinisation resulted in decreased losses. Bioprocessed fabricated grains had enhanced bioactive profiles when compared to pre‐gelatinised and control fabricated grains. Pre‐gelatinizaion modified the starch‐protein matrix preventing the leaching of compounds into the water. The results suggest that bioprocessed grains can be potential ingredients for the development of pre‐gelatinised fabricated grains.
Grace under pressure: Mental health nurses' stories of resilience in practice
Authors: Foster Kim , Evans Alicia , Alexander Louise
Published: February 2023

Mental health nurses experience both organizational and practice‐related stressors in their work. Resilience is an interactive process of positive adaptation following stress and adversity. There is limited evidence on how personal resilience is applied to mental health nursing practice. The aim of this interpretive narrative study was to explore mental health nurses' stories of resilience in their practice for the purpose of gaining an understanding of resilience resources they draw on when dealing with challenging workplace situations. A storytelling approach was used in semistructured phone interviews with 12 mental health nurses who measured high on resilience (Workplace Resilience Inventory) and caring behaviours (Caring Behaviours Inventory). Within and across case narrative analysis produced stories of resilient practice within four themes: proactively managing the professional self; sustaining oneself through supportive relationships; engaging actively in practice, learning and self‐care; and seeking positive solutions and outcomes. Nurses displayed poise in stressful situations and grace under pressure in demanding and emotionally challenging interactions, holding dignity and respect for self and others, with the aim of achieving positive outcomes for both. Resilient practice is the responsibility of organizations as well as individuals. To develop practice and support staff retention, we recommend organizations use tailored professional development to cultivate a growth mindset in new and experienced staff, develop organizational strategies to build positive team cultures, and prioritize strategies to reduce workplace stressors and strengthen staff psychological safety and well‐being. The use of narrative techniques in reflective practice and clinical supervision may help build nurses' resilience and practice.
One accurate measurement is worth 1000 expert opinions—Assessing quality care in assisted living
Authors: David Daniel , Brody Abraham A.
Published: February 2023

This editorial comments on the article by Mao et al.
Credit Markets with Time‐Inconsistent Agents and Strategic Loan Default
Authors: BHATTACHARYA JOYDEEP , BISHNU MONISANKAR , WANG MIN
Published: February 2023

We study credit contracts under a life‐cycle setting where time‐inconsistent agents lack the internal commitment to stick to consumption plans and external commitment to repaying loans. With unrestricted credit, agents with only internal commitment problems may overborrow. If, additionally, they face external commitment problems, lenders endogenously impose borrowing limits similar to the ability‐to‐repay rules consumer financial protection agencies impose. Even with restricted credit access, except in exceptional cases, agents suffering from the twin commitment problems can achieve, at most, fully sophisticated allocations. The government can achieve the first‐best allocations if and only if it is assisted with endogenously imposed borrowing limits.
Grey Spaces: Familiarity and Solidarity in Carceral Edgeland
Authors: Eleazar Sarah
Published: February 2023

Carceral edgelands are witness to the migrant's travels and travails. How are solidarity and despair carved into ordinary places such as parking lots and roadsides along the fringes of carceral institutions?
A duty to protect? Legal consciousness among military officers in armed conflict
Authors: HOLEN SINE VORLAND
Published: February 2023

Military personnel participating in international operations are often deployed to areas where armed groups inflict violence on civilians. In such instances, soldiers must decide how to respond, effectively becoming executors of the law. This article draws on legal consciousness theory and 33 interviews with Norwegian military officers to explore what soldiers perceive as the ‘law’ and how they make sense of legality in determining what constitutes a just response. It finds that officers are conscious of three sources of legality – a mission mandate, a senior commanding officer, and a personal obligation to humanity – which they stand before, engage with, and struggle against, respectively. In actively drawing on these ideas about justice, the officers create and reproduce order in violent contexts. This article adds to theoretical debates about the different ways in which people invoke the law in difficult circumstances. It contributes empirically to an understanding of why authorized militaries behave inconsistently when encountering violence against civilians.
Identifying spastic variant of type II achalasia after treatment with high‐resolution manometry and FLIP Panometry
Authors: Vespa Edoardo , Farina Domenico A. , Kahrilas Peter J. , Kou Wenjun , Low Eric E. , Yadlapati Rena , Pandolfino John E. , Carlson Dustin A.
Published: February 2023

Background

Panesophageal pressurization (PEP) defines type II achalasia on high‐resolution‐manometry (HRM) but some patients exhibit spasm after treatment. The Chicago Classification (CC) v4.0 proposed high PEP values as predictor of embedded spasm, yet supportive evidence is lacking.

Methods

Fifty seven type II achalasia patients (47 ± 18 years, 54% males) with HRM and LIP Panometry before and after treatment were retrospectively identified. Baseline HRM and FLIP studies were analyzed to identify factors associated with post‐treatment spasm, defined on HRM per CC v4.0.

Results

Seven patients (12%) had spasm following treatment (peroral endoscopic myotomy 47%; pneumatic dilation [PD] 37%; laparoscopic Heller myotomy 16%). At baseline, greater median maximum PEP pressure (MaxPEP) values on HRM (77 vs 55 mmHg, p = 0.045) and spastic‐reactive contractile response pattern on FLIP (43% vs 8%, p = 0.033) were more common in patients with post‐treatment spasm while absent contractile response on FLIP was more common in patients without spasm (14% vs 66%, p = 0.014). The strongest predictor of post‐treatment spasm was the percentage of swallows with MaxPEP ≥70 mmHg (best cut‐off: ≥30%), with AUROC of 0.78. A combination of MaxPEP <70 mmHg and FLIP 60 mL pressure < 40 mmHg identified patients with lower rates of post‐treatment spasm (3% overall, 0% post‐PD) compared to those with values above these thresholds (33% overall, 83% post‐PD).

Conclusions

High maximum PEP values, high FLIP 60 mL pressures and contractile response pattern on FLIP Panometry prior to treatment identified type II achalasia patients more likely to exhibit post‐treatment spasm. Evaluating these features may guide personalized patient management.
What nurses of color want from nursing philosophers
Authors: Canty Lucinda , Iradukunda Favorite , Valderama‐Wallace Claire , Shasanmi‐Ellis Rebecca O. , Garvey Crystal
Published: February 2023

Scholars of color have been instrumental in advancing nursing knowledge development but find limited spaces where one can authentically share their philosophical perspective. Although there is a call for antiracism in nursing and making way for more diverse and inclusive theories and philosophies, our voices remain at the margins of nursing theory and philosophy. In nursing philosophy, there continues to be a lack of racial diversity in those who are given the platform to share their scholarship. Five nurse scholars of color attended the International Nursing Philosophy Conference in August 2022. We established a collective system of support by sharing our experiences as researchers, scholars, and educators with each other. The theory of emancipatory nursing praxis informed this process. In this dialogue, we reflected on what it is like to present at and attend predominantly white nursing conferences. We shared our experiences of how we exist as nurse scholars, our philosophical views, and our thoughts on how we create spaces where scholars of color can feel welcomed and acknowledged for their contributions to advancing nursing knowledge.
The limits of devolving sustainable development to the local level: The case of the Greenbelt of Fennoscandia initiative
Authors: Florin Ian
Published: February 2023

This article investigates how the framing of nature conservation in terms of sustainable development both enables and constrains participation at the grassroots level. The Green Belt of Fennoscandia, an initiative to develop a transnational ecological network between Finland, Russia and Norway, is used as a case study. A desk study and 40 interviews with participants of two regional working groups from this initiative show how the mobilisation of the concept of sustainability encourages actors in rural areas to become leaders of projects in favour of both nature conservation and economic development. This research also describes how the lack of state engagement and potential conflicts between regional and national levels can discourage these actors to commit to the initiative. This research refines previous work on the reduction of the role of the state in conservation, illustrating the scalar dynamics of sustainable development implementation in a European rural context. It provides material to inform the governance of large‐scale conservation projects, by highlighting how an approach that aims to boost local participation can in fact discourage it, if the reduction of the role of the state is not accompanied by resources, formal rights to democratic representation or/and an acknowledgement of past work.
A multi‐sited analysis of the linguistic landscape of Hong Kong through a center‐periphery approach
Authors: Lam Phoenix W. Y.
Published: February 2023

Taking a center‐periphery approach, this study is a rare attempt to present a multi‐sited empirical analysis comparing three physically adjacent and connected sites in a town in Hong Kong to explore the interconnectivity, subjectivity, and dynamicity of the landscape. While all three sites can be considered bilingual or even multilingual spaces with the omnipresence of English, there are noticeable differences in terms of how much English there is, the physical material and semiotic resources through which English is displayed, and in what forms such English exists. In other words, the three sites differ in the degree, texture and creativity of English through the ways in which physical geography, architectural setting and social actors interact.
La santidad: eje vertebrador de la acción pastoral de la Iglesia
Authors: Méndez Siliuto María Mercedes
Published: February 2023

El papa Francisco, en su exhortación apostólica Gaudete et exsultate sobre el llamado a la santidad en el mundo actual, vuelve a presentar –como hicieron sus predecesores– un tema nuclear y constitutivo de la vida cristiana: la universal vocación a la santidad en la Iglesia (Lumen gentium V). Como podemos percibir en otros muchos lugares de su magisterio, su intención es pastoral, por lo que aporta elementos para impregnar la misión de la Iglesia en sus diferentes ámbitos, como camino de plenitud para la persona y la comunidad, pero también como la aportación específica de los creyentes en el contexto social que están llamados a cuidar y transformar.Con este artículo queremos ofrecer una breve teología espiritual de la santidad que brinde una fundamentación bíblica, histórica y dogmática que alimente y profundice la práctica pastoral. Para ello hemos profundizado en las fuentes de la teología espiritual: (1) El dato revelado desde la selección, análisis y síntesis de los textos de las sagradas Escrituras. (2) La síntesis de una investigación más amplia sobre la enseñanza contenida en la tradición y el magisterio. (3) Lo que las ciencias humanas nos pueden ayudar a comprender de la experiencia espiritual y las capacidades que la posibilitan. (4) La vocación a la santidad realizada en la vida de tantos creyentes a lo largo de la historia y en nuestros días.Es necesario ofrecer el rostro de santidad de la Iglesia por el ejemplo de santos canonizados y de aquellos “de la puerta de al lado”, y brindar una enseñanza que renueve el “ardor espiritual” y el “vigor apostólico” de todos los que se han encontrado con Cristo y desean compartir su vida y misión en comunidad de creyentes, respondiendo a la única llamada a la santidad que se desarrolla en diferentes estados de vida.
Intención emprendedora en estudiantes universitarios. Revisión sistemática de alcance de la producción científica
Authors: Rubio Hernández Francisco José , Lisbona Bañuelos Ana María
Published: February 2023

La intención emprendedora es un estado mental que dirige al individuo a emprender un negocio. Para conocer el estado de la cuestión, se realizó una revisión sistemática de alcance de los estudios de evaluación de la intención emprendedora en estudiantes universitarios, pertenecientes a revistas científicas, extraídos de siete bases de datos y siguiendo las recomendaciones de la guía Prisma. De los 139 artículos revisados, la mayoría fueron publicados durante el último lustro y en países en vías de desarrollo, tuvieron muestras cercanas a los 1000 sujetos, una mayor utilización de técnicas de muestreo no probabilístico y una representación más elevada de mujeres y estudiantes de titulaciones de ciencias sociales y jurídicas. La teoría del comportamiento planeado y el modelo del evento emprendedor fueron los marcos teóricos más recurrentes. Las principales variables medidas fueron las normas subjetivas, el control conductual percibido, la autoeficacia y la actitud emprendedora. Además, se proporcionaron datos novedosos y actualizados, tales como las implicaciones para la educación y el emprendimiento de los estudios analizados (tipos de acciones formativas a implementar, contenidos a abordar en las mismas y actividades que podrían contener). Esto puede serle útil a los profesionales del área para guiar los procesos de diagnóstico de necesidades formativas relacionadas con la intención emprendedora y para el diseño de intervenciones que impulsen dicha intencionalidad y que enseñen cómo emprender.
The Complexity of Racial Prejudice: The Importance of a Broader Perspective
Authors: Medrado Mizael Táhcita , De Almeida João Henrique
Published: February 2023

Critic review of the article: Beck, C., Garcia, Y., & Catagnus, R. (2022). Effects of Perspective Taking and Values Consistency in Reducing Implicit Racial Bias. Universitas Psychologica, 21, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy21.eptv