bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Emitted Odor and Discharged Condensate Water of Sludge Thermal Drying Project in Shenzhen Nanshan Thermal Power Plant
Authors: Wang Yong , Wang Fen , Ji Min
Published: September 2013

During thermal drying of dewatered sludge, odor will be produced, and also plenty of condensate water. Currently, there is little research about odor gas and condensate water produced during thermal drying of dewatered sludge. To supply engineering design basis for treatment scheme of odor and condensate water produced during thermal drying of dewatered sludge, it analyzes pollutants concentration of odor and condensate water produced in Sludge Drying Project in Shenzhen Nanshan Thermal Power Plant, and it verifies removal performance of chemical odor removal system of the Project. It is concluded that during thermal drying of dewatered sludge, odor will be produced, which components are mainly ammonia gas, H2S, CS2, CH3SH and dimethylsulfide, etc.. It is found that organic components in condensate water is high, BOD/COD is about 0.2, NH3-N and TN is high, C/N is about 8, and TP is low.
Characteristics of Start-Up Period in Biological Filters with Multiple Compounded Filling for Treating Low Concentration Domestic Sewage
Authors: Pan Lu Ting , Zhang Nai Yuan , Wu Kun , Wang Wen Lei
Published: September 2013

The characteristics of sludge, the start-up and treatment effect of biological filters with multiple compounded filling are studied with low concentration domestic sewage as treating object. Experiment results shows that it spends 25 days to start up biological filters. The removal rate of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) are about 90%, 100%, 80% and 90% respectively. Meanwhile, the Biological electron microscope results show that anaerobic biological membrane presents deep black, more filamentous fungi and a small amount of Ciliates, while aerobic biological membrane presents yellow-green, close-grained bacteria micelle, micro-metazoans such as Aspidisca and Vorticella, proving the success of the biofilm formation.
Mixotrophic Cultivation of Scenedesmus sp. as Biodiesel Feedstock
Authors: Wang Jing Han , Yang Hai Zhen , Wang Feng
Published: September 2013

Microalgae are a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. Microalgal biodiesel can be obtained under three major cultivation modes, namely, photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic cultivation. Reported studies of microalgal biodiesel production are mainly based on photoautotrophic cultivation, mixotrophic cultivation has rarely been researched. This paper compared the biomass productivity, lipid content, and lipid productivity of Scenedesmus sp. under photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic cultivation. Glucose was added as organic carbon source at five concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0% glucose w/v). Results displayed that microalgal growth was significantly improved in glucose supplied cultures. Synergetic effect of photoautotrophy and heterotrophy existed in all mixotrophic cultures. Highest biomass productivity of 1.307 g·L-1·d-1 and highest lipid productivity of 316 mg·L-1·d-1 was respectively observed under mixotrophic cultivation with 5.0% and 1.0% (w/v) glucose addition. Lipid content of Scenedesmus sp. under mixotrophic cultivation was mostly higher in stationary phase than in exponential phase. Highest lipid content of 27.73% was observed in 1.0% mixotrophic culture, followed by 24.66% in 1.0% heterotrophic culture.
Study on Operating Principle and Application of an Advanced Integrated Processing Technology - Air Lift Bioreactor (ALB) for Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal
Authors: Liu Xian Bin , Lei Xiao Ling
Published: September 2013

ALB integration is consisted of anaerobic hydrolysis regulating, anaerobic aerobic reaction, air-lift reflux circulating and suspension clarifying precipitate. It is a new compact energy-saving technology of active sludge nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Its properties include shorter flow path, less land used, lower construction cost, lower operation cost, less discharge sludge, easier management, more reliable operation and so on. It propitious to be used for small-scale sewage treatments.
Start-Up of Denitrifying Dephosphatation with Nitrite as Electron Acceptor and Microbial Community Analysis
Authors: Zhang Chao Sheng , Tang Jia Huan , Zhang Ke Fang , Rong Hong Wei , He Jin Mei
Published: September 2013

The two-stage mode was used to start up the denitrifying dephosphatation system with nitrite as electron acceptor, and the systems capability of denitrifying dephosphatation was evaluated. Phosphate-accumulating organisms were enriched under the anaerobic/aerobic condition at the first stage. Then change the condition to anaerobic/anoxic so that denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms (DPAO) using NO2-N as electron acceptor can be selected. The fast start-up of this system was achieved after 120 days, and the system has a good capability of denitrifying dephosphatation. The average TN and TP in the effluent were 5.39 mg/L and 1.55 mg/L with removal rates of 82.5% and 80.0%, respectively. PCR-DGGE results showed that microbial population changed in the process of domestication, while the structure of microbial community changed little in the stable stage, indicating relatively stable microbial community structure had formed after the domestication.
Study on Technology of Anaerobic-SBR Process for Raw Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Zuo Jin Long , Liu Zhi Wei , Tang Han Qiang , Li Biao
Published: September 2013

The removal effect of raw wastewater treatment by anaerobicSBR was investigated, and the removal effects of wastewater COD, ammonia and orthophosphate were studied. Then the raw wastewater decolonization was implemented. The results showed that influent COD, ammonia and orthophosphate was at about 2000 mg/L, 80.7 mg/L and 7.1 mg/L, the removal efficiency of COD, ammonia and orthophosphate was at 96.5%, 95.3% and 97.2% respectively. When the raw wastewater color is about 200 times with PAC adding dosage 10~40 mg and activated carbon adding dosage 1.5~3.0 g, the effluent color can decrease lower than 50 times.
Performance Evaluation of Heat Transfer Tube and Tube Sheet Rubber Ring in Distillation Desalination
Authors: Liu Yan Hui , Li Yan , Lv Qing Chun , Xu Ke , Zhang Ling Pin
Published: September 2013

Based on the material of EPDM, we develop specialized rubber material for low-temperature multi-effect distillation (LT-MED) conditions. For heat transfer tube and tube sheet connected to the rubber (herein referred as EPDM rubber material) ring are used in the LT-MED desalination equipment, we make regular aging and multivariate synergistic aging test on EPDM. According to the experimental results, we develop an evaluation method applicable to usage of sealing rubber material under LT-MED conditions, and rubber material properties are measured by the changes of mechanical indicators. Finally, we also tested the sealing performance of the sealing rings. The results show that EPDM rubber material can tolerate the LT-MED conditions with the ring boost rate of 0.038kPa/h when the rates of change in Shoer hardness range from-5% to 10%, the rates of change in tensile strength within-20%, the rates of change in elongation at break range from-30% to 10%.
Study on the Combination of Fixed Bed and Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor for Papermaking Terminal Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Yang Zong Zheng , Yang Zhi Meng , Cao Jin Guo , Jia Yuan Yuan , Xu Jun Xia
Published: September 2013

Papermaking wastewater mainly consists of black liquor, intermediate wastewater and white water. It suffers from its heavy amount, high level suspended solids and poor biodegradable property. In this paper, a combination of fixed bed and moving bed biofilm reactor was conducted to treat paper making wastewater in order to make full use of the advantages of both fixed bed and moving bed. As a result, the average values of COD, NH3-N and SS in effluent are 57.01 mg/L, 1.74 mg/L and 38 mg/L, respectively. The quality of the effluent could meet the demands of the Chinese standards for papermaking industrial water discharge pollutant.
Detection and Analysis of Intracellular Polymers Stored by Polyphosphate-Accumulating Microorganisms
Authors: Ge Yan Hui , Zhao Lin , Zhou Yan
Published: September 2013

Both qualitative and quantitative analysis of intracellular polymers in polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) was discussed in this paper. Results were indicated that black-blue particles of poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate (PHBs) were observed clearly by Sudan black staining. DAPI staining and the Neisser new staining for polyphosphate (poly-P) were more proper than other staining methods. PHB content reached 198.3 mg/g MLSS detected by GC. After digested by HClO4, the poly-P content of sludge was determined to be 138.4 mg/g MLSS.
Study of Advanced Technologies of METs for Herbicides Wastewater Treatment with High Salinity
Authors: Song Tao Li , Yi Xue Nong , Li Zhi Qing , Jin Xin
Published: September 2013

Experiments were conducted to study the role of enhanced micro-electrolysis techniques (METs) in treatment of s-atrazine wastewater, regarding atrazine production wastewater as the object of this research. The intensified METs methods included O3and ultrasound (US). With O3METs technology, a better result could be achieved under weak acidity condition. The highest removal rate of TOC reached 18.7%. US before METs could gain higher removal rate of 38.7% compared to the rate of 27.8% by US in METs.
Design of a Novel Hollow-Fiber Membrane Contactor for Carbon Dioxide Absorption
Authors: Gong Han , Shen Jin Sheng
Published: September 2013

In this subject, a new spatial structure of the membrane contactor is explored and designed from analysis of mass transfer process, resistance theory and flow type. Under laboratory conditions, the experiment uses several methods including fluid mechanics, mass transfer process and the analysis of the fluid flow to achieve CO2 absorption function with the new hollow fiber membrane contactor. This new design of device is tested in conditions of two absorption liquids: MEA, DEA; three absorption concentrations: 6L/h, 8L/h, 10L/h; liquid velocity: 1mol/L, 0.5mol/L and air speed: 1L/min, 0.5L/min, to absorb CO2 from the gas mixture to make sure that if it has good properties. Through these experiments, we could see that the new hollow fiber membrane contactor has an increase in absorption efficiency by 10% on average.
Variation of Disinfection By-Products Formation Potential Species at Several Stages of Drinking Water Treatment Plants
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Liu Bin
Published: September 2013

The variation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) at several stages of drinking water treatment plants was investigated in two drinking water plants. The results clearly indicate that the low molecular weight total organic carbon (TOC) which has been identified as primary precursor for chlorinated DBPs was difficult to remove by coagulation. Plant A which used conventional coagulation/sedimentation could not decrease the species of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) formation potential. Biological activated carbon (BAC) was applied in Plant B which removed the maximum amount of TOC, while more kinds of microbial products were produced in BAC unit which could be the potential precursors of DBPs. Therefore, the species of DBPs formation potential still increased in the treatment processes of Plant B. Because different components of organic precursors produced different DBPs species, the processes of Plant B could decrease TOC efficiently but the species of THMs and HAAs formation potential.
Deep-Well Seawater Desalination Technology
Authors: Dong Ru
Published: September 2013

The deep-well seawater desalination technology is using deep-well water hydrostatic pressure as reverse osmosis pressure, which uses the principle of reverse osmosis desalinate seawater. Can reduce energy consumption and more economic compared with the traditional high-pressure pump reverse osmosis desalination. In this paper, the principle and the technical feasibility of the deep-well seawater desalination technology is analyzed.
Effect of Water Body Morphology on Phytoplankton Biomass and Species Composition
Authors: Zhang Yue Hong , Li Fei Peng , Zhao Hu Hu , Zhang Hai Ping
Published: September 2013

Environmental variables, phytoplankton biomass and species composition in Nanhu Lake in Yingdong Village, Chongming Island were monitored from August 2010 to September 2011. The relationship between environmental variables and population variation of phytoplankton was discussed. The results showed that water body morphology was the key factor leading to the variation of phytoplankton community. In river-type waters the level of phytoplankton biomass was generally higher than that in lake-type waters, especially in summer. During the period of seasonal change, in river-type waters Cyanophyta dominated longer with the succession from Cyanophyta to Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta occurred later than that in lake-type waters. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the morphology of enclosed waters had influence on phytoplankton biomass and species composition. One of the mechanisms may be that water body morphology could have impact on the growth and species dynamics of phytoplankton indirectly by affecting nutrient concentrations.
Strategic Research on Urban Stormwater Resource Utilization in the Resource Water Shortage Cities - Base on Stormwater Data of 58 Resource Water Shortage Cities
Authors: Huang Chang Fu , Zhou Jing
Published: September 2013

Based on the resource water shortage cities as the research object in this paper, we use the factor analysis method to evaluate the degree of water shortage in the resource water shortage cities, while these factors include the unit of GDP water consumption, the unit of industrial output water consumption, per capita water resource, the city population, per capita domestic water consumption and the average annual rainfall. We also take Tianjin, which is most seriously lacking water resource, as a case study, and the case reveals the importance of urban stormwater utilization in the resource water shortage cities. Finally, we propose some strategic measures to utilize urban stormwater resource in the resource water shortage cities.
Study on Arsenic Removal in the Simulating Constructed Wetland
Authors: Zhao Jun Ying , Guo Hua Ming
Published: September 2013

Arsenic concentration changes in small-scale simulating constructed wetland composed with shale ceramic, zeolite, quartz sand andPteris vittatawere examined. During arsenic removal by the constructed wetlands, arsenic interception by the natural media played the main role in the early stage andPteris vittatauptake played the key role for arsenic removal in the later stable stage. When As (III) concentration in inflow was about 1 mg/L, the arsenic removal ratio by the two was between 22.2% and 66.6% and kept about 33% in the end. Arsenic average content in fronds and roots ofPteris vittataafter experiments were respectively 17610 and 2491 mg/kg. Transfer factor was 7.08. Compared with batch tests, arsenic content accumulated in plants increased significantly.
Research on Effects of Environment Policies and Systems on Environmental Protection Industry
Authors: Zhao Yun Hao , Xin Lu , Sun Ning , Chen Xu
Published: September 2013

Environment polices/systems play vital roles in and are motive powers for the development of environmental protection industry. In order to delve into the facilitating influences of different environment polices/systems at various development stages of the environmental protection industry, the paper analyzes the forces acting on the development of environmental protection industry in combination with the theory of industrial economics and features of the environmental protection industry. Environment polices/systems facilitating the development of environmental protection industry are divided into three major categories: industry demand based, industry supply based and industry regulation based, which are further classified into 24 items. The Delphi method and single factor evaluation model are adopted for the evaluation of the influence degrees imposed by environment policies/systems at different stages of the environmental protection industry on the industrys development and for empirical analyses on the urban sewage treatment industry.
Environmental Risk Assessment on Chlorination By-Products in Discharge Water from Once-Through Seawater Cooling System
Authors: Liu Jing , Zeng Xing Yu , Wang Yi , Pan Xian Hui
Published: September 2013

Concentration analysis was performed on five chlorination by-products in discharge water from once-through seawater cooling system of Dagang Power Plant in Tianjin. In addition, toxic effects [L (E)C50] analysis was performed from three basic levels of aquatic organisms Scenedemus vacuolatus, Daphnia magna and Oncorhynchus mykiss). Based on this, the quotient method from the Technical Guidance Document (TGD) on Risk Assessment of Chemical Substances by the European Union was adopted to assess the ecological risks of five chlorination by-products in discharge water from once-through seawater cooling system. The results showed that chloral, dichloroacetic acid and pentachlorophenol had environmental risk.
Water Quality Reliability Analysis of Water Distribution Systems Based on Monte-Carlo Simulation
Authors: Li Xia , Sun Ying , Han Xiao , Zhao Xin Hua
Published: September 2013

Water distribution systems (WDS) are important urban infrastructures which are designed for safely conveying potable water from treatment plant to users tap with adequate quantity and desired quality. The water quality reliability evaluation of WDS has positive and critical meanings for ensuring water supply security, reliability and maintaining a high level of service. In this paper, firstly the evaluation index of water quality reliability of municipal water distribution systems has been set up which is characterized by the residual chlorine availability. Then, taking into account the random nature of component failures, the variation of water demand through the 24 hours of a day and the chlorine variation of the treated water in water plant through the 24 hours of a day, the Monte Carlo-based reliability model are established based on the dynamic link library toolkit provided by EPANET 2.0 for the hydraulic and water quality calculation engine. Finally, the water quality reliability of each node and system is evaluated taking water network of some region in Tianjin Binhai High-tech Area (BHA) as example. The research results can be applied to the whole process from planning and design to operation of WDS, and the theoretical basis and decision support for optimal design and operation of WDS are provided for designers and decision-makers.
A Conceptual Tank Model for Urban Storm Water System
Authors: Liu Xing Po
Published: September 2013

In order to cope with urban flooding, water scarcity and rainfall-runoff pollution comprehensively, a conceptual tank model of urban storm water system is proposed. Tank model is a multi-layer, multi-objective model, so design of urban storm water system is more complex than that of urban storm sewer system. Some principles of design of urban storm water system are discussed, such as Low Impact Development, Smart storm water management, and so on.
SWMM-Based Urban Storm Sewer System Modeling
Authors: Liu Xing Po
Published: September 2013

SWMM modeling plays an important role in the urban drainage system management. The paper depicts several modeling steps, including model parameters, dynamic wave options, CFL condition and equivalent pipe and model evaluation. For dynamic wave options, combination of ignore and both is relatively better than others. Impact of friction equation is very tiny. Especially, Froude No. is recommended not to use, while slope can make a good result. For inertial terms, ignore is considered as the best option. Equivalent pipe is used to deal with SWMM numerical instability, and coefficient of correlation, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency are used to assess modeling performance.
Effect of Turning on Moisture Content in Sewage Sludge Composting
Authors: Hong Nian , Chen Jun , Zhang Xue Hong , Chen Tong Bin
Published: September 2013

Turning can supply oxygen and increase dewatering efficiency during the composting process. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of turning on water removal. In this study, different turning modes were used in different fermentation phases. Results showed that turning in thermophilic phase improve the efficiency of water removal; in cooling phase, higher turning frequency resulted in lower water removal; turning in temperature-increasing phase had no significant effect on water removal. Unturning in the temperature-increasing phase, turning once in the thermophilic phase, and turning every 4 days in the cooling phase achieved the best effects of water removal, the water reduction was 0.566 tonston-1 matrix.
Study on Electrodeposition Recovery of Cupric and Zinc in Complexation Ultrafiltration Process
Authors: Zhou You Xin , Yan Ke Jun
Published: September 2013

Electrodeposition recovery of heavy metals in concentrated solution of wastewater treatment by complexation ultrafiltration was studied. In the study, cheap plategraphite electrode was applied in the traditional electric cell reactor. Current density and mass concentration of the electrodeposition for cupric and zinc recovery were discussed, and the optimal condition were determined. The results showed that the current efficiency of cupric and zinc recovery were more than 60%, and corresponding power consumptions were 11.5 kW·h/kg and 14.0 kW·h/kg, respectively.
Kinetic Analysis of Catalytic Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorobenzene in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Zhou Hong Yi , Liang Si , Zeng Si Si , Lei Shuang Jian
Published: September 2013

Deposition of Pd on the surface of zero-valent iron (Pd/Fe) further enhances the ability of the metal to reductively dechlorinate organic contaminants. This work determined the dechlorination of chlorobenzene in water by Pd/Fe and evaluated the effects of Pd loading in Fe, Pd/Fe dosage, solution pH and temperature on the reaction. Pseudo-first-order rate constants were obtained to analyze the reaction kinetics. Chlorobenzene was nearly completely dechlorinated within 60 min by Pd/Fe at room temperature. Benzene was the end product of the reaction, along with the release of chloride into water. The rate constant of chlorobenzene dechlorination increased with increasing Pd loading in Fe and Pd/Fe dosage within the tested ranges of 0.005 - 0.020% and 2.0 - 6.0 g/75 mL, respectively. The rate constant increased with decreasing solution pH over the tested pH range of 4.5 - 6.5, indicating the role of protons in dechlorination. The reaction was considered to occur primarily on the surface of Pd where protons were reduced to hydrogen species and chlorobenzene was subsequently dechlorinated by the hydrogen species. The rate of chlorobenzene dechlorination increased with increasing temperature. The estimated activation energy of the reaction was 47.94 kJ/mol within the temperature range of 15 - 40°C, indicating that the dechlorination of chlorobenzene by Pd/Fe readily occurs at room temperature. Pd/Fe may be a potential reductant for effective removal of chlorinated organic contaminants from water.
TiO2 Photo-Catalysis Degradation of COD and Chroma for Chemical Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Hu Chang Ying , Zuo Jin Long , Xie Han Jun
Published: September 2013

In this study, TiO2 nanoparticles composites were prepared by the micro emulsion method. Used the chemical wastewater as degradation products to evaluate the degradation performance of TiO2 photo-catalysis. The results indicated that TiO2 had photo-catalysis efficiency under the light, the optimal dosing of TiO2 was 1g/L, optimal pH value was 10, and COD of initial concentration was 1000 mg/L.
A Critical Analysis of MIEX Application in Water Treatment
Authors: Wang Ji Bai , Ni Ming Liang
Published: September 2013

A novel magnetic ion exchange resin called MIEX Resin is being utilized in potable water treatment, which indicates significant advantages. The objective of this article is to analyze characteristics and application of MIEX Resin in engineering projects, and hence provide critical review on merits and demerits of the resin. Furthermore, researches on combination of MIEX Resin with other water treatment technologies would be analyzed and discussed to prove potential that a MIEX Resin process integrated with other treatments can be employed in broader fields of wastewater treatment and reuse.
Study the Ferro-Surface Tension on Magnetization Degree of Ferrofluid
Authors: Ho Je Ee , Chen Da Chih
Published: September 2013

Surface tension of ferrofluid, an important parameter enclosing the boundary condition of ferro-hydrodynamic ( FHD ) problem, is investigated in this study. Referred to modified Langevin function and apparent weight loss theory, an auxiliary experimental mechanism of ring-pull method is then designed and set up, which will be used to determine the surface tension of testing sample through various magnetization degree induced by field intensity. While compared with the results predicted from Rayleigh theory using commercial product of Matsumoto Co., an excellent agreement is delivered within the working magnetic intensity 0~40 mT. Here dimensionless parameter α is found to dorminate the prompt increase of surface tension coefficient as the ferro-magnetization ratio reaches at 70 % saturation magnetization. .
Analysis of Operation Load Parameters in the Process of Container Transportation
Authors: Qian Run Hua , Zhang Jun , Cong Hua
Published: September 2013

Container transportation has more efficiency, fewer impacts of handing and less probability of maximum impacts so that security risks are reduced and it is the developing direction of goods transportation. According to the characteristics of container transportation and based on analysis of the basic approaches, characteristics of shock and vibration, this paper discusses the advantages of goods transportation by container and proposes the design routines that satisfy the demands of goods transportation by improving packing. Meanwhile, planning and design that aim at some goods are conducted for suitable transportation by container. Moreover, they lay the foundation for the transportation of goods by container.
Green Transportation and Land Use Planning
Authors: Li Chia Nung , Lo Chien Wen
Published: September 2013

Since usable land in Taiwan is more and more difficult to get and the problems of air pollution, environmental protection, visual quality, and ecological environment, etc, caused by transportation infrastructure are getting more public concern, the Ministry of Transport adopts building green transportation system as one direction of the energy conservation strategy for the traffic department, of which implementing the green transportation system-oriented land use planning is one of the important action plan. As for the system, there should be an objective to determine whether the program result is in accordance with the green transportation developing goal. The paper hereby probes into the green transportation concept that could be applied into the stages of land use design. Land use planning provide some reference to the government agencies and relevant designers when they are drawing up the land use plan.
Experimental Study on Transporting Concentration of Pulverized-Coal Using ECT
Authors: Liu Jing , Du Zheng , Chen Shan Shan , Sun Meng
Published: September 2013

Accurate measurement of the concentration of pulverized-coal in various pipes as a guidance to proper control plays a key role in assuring safe and economic operation of a pulverized coal-fired boiler during the combustion process. Experimental studies are carried out on the measurement of a lean mass flow in a pneumatic conveying pipeline using electrical capacitance tomography (ECT). A cyclone separator is employed in this system where the sensors are placed in order to compensate the inhomogeneity of the sensor sensitivity. The distribution of void fraction in radial direction, the average void fraction and the wavy characteristics are analyzed. The feasibility and reliability of the method are verified by the experimental results.
Study on Analysis and Preventive Measures for Damage of Durability of Reinforced Concrete Bridges
Authors: Sun Jia Ying , Huang Cheng Hua
Published: September 2013

Abstact: Based on the damage of five corrosive bridges concrete in Shanghai, it suggested that the strength and durability of C30 concrete have decreased seriously. These years, a lot of bridges, overhead roads and tram roads have been built, so the study on anticorrosion technology of reinforced concrete bridge will assuredly become a pressing issue. The main measure in this article is to design the durability of concrete aiming at the reasons why durability decreases at the different environmental conditions. The results of the research suggested that the over-replacement with active mixture technology could assuredly make Cl- penetrative resistance, freezing and thawing resistance and carbonizing resistance improve. It was best when coefficient of over-replacement was 1.3, and slag was best followed by steel slag, and then fly ash. Furthermore, the over-replacement with active mixture technology could stay concrete forepart shrinkage rate, thereby improving the durability of concrete.
Measurement of Radiation Heat Transfer within Porous Material
Authors: Fan Xu Ji
Published: September 2013

This paper deals with heat transmission through porous material subjecting to high levels of radiation. In depth absorption of radiant energy would lead to increased in-depth temperature which would cause a thicker pyrolysis zone, that lead to uncontrolled material spallation and failure. Analytical treatments of such problems had been attempted by many researchers [, approaches vary from theoretical principles to engineering correlations, but unfortunately no appropriate temperature and pressure-dependent material properties are available which are needed for their estimations, and extensive experimental measurements would still be required for their evaluations. This paper describes an experimental system developed for direct measurement of radiation transport parameters which is developed with reference to the experimental setups of previous investigators.
The Automobile Brake Guards against Holds the Dead (ABS) Laboratory Bench Wheel Hydraulic Pressure Actuation System the Development
Authors: Zhong Bao Hua
Published: September 2013

The this article main solution is in the ABS laboratory bench which at present uses the wheel rotational speed uniformity bad and controls the wheel torque difficult question.This system uses 4 oil motors to actuate four independent wheels, used the slide valve to solve the wheel rotational speed uniformity well; Thus through the hydraulic system pressure the control wheel torque, simulates the automobile to apply the brake the effect difference in the different coefficient of adhesion road surface; Uses the hydraulic pressure and the electric appliance dual over-load protection.This article to this laboratory bench wheel hydraulic pressure actuation system structure, the control design plan has conducted the thorough research, its main innovation spot uses hydraulic transmission way actuation wheel revolving.
Ice Resistance Model Test Technology for 110K Tanker Adopting FSICR Ice Class IA
Authors: Zhang Jia Ning , Shang Yu Chen , Zhang Lei
Published: September 2013

Ship model test in ice towing tank is one of the key technologies for the design of ice-strengthened ship, and is the primary measure of determining the ship required minimum engine output power in ice navigation and checking whether satisfies the requirements of ice class rules. Researched the relevant requirements of 1A ice-strengthened ship based on the Finnish-Swedish ice class rules (FSICR), which is minimum engine output power according to the forward form of hull line and according to standard formulas. Studied the technical requirements of ice model test. Determined the minimum engine output power for 110k oil tanker with ice class 1A based on ice model test.
Study on Preparation of the High-Density Ammonium Polyvanadate
Authors: Wu Zhen Xiu , Sun Zhao Hui , Zhang Tao
Published: September 2013

The high-density ammonium polyvanadate was prepared by means of fine-grained ammonium polyvanadate (APV) produced in vanadium plant. The effects of amount of fine particles, temperature and pH of vanadium solution on preparation of high-density ammonium polyvanadate were investigated. The research results showed that the density of APV could be achieved 0.88g/cm3 under the conditions of addition of 13-31% fine particles, temperature range from 70°C to 100°C and the pH of vanadium solution range from 2.5 to 4, but loss rate of vanadium was the lowest. Moreover, the particle size of high-density ammonium polyvanadate mainly distributes in range of 10 ~ 90μm and is significantly larger than that of the fine APV particles, on the basis of results of the laser particle size analyzer.
Research on Regulation Scheme of Yaojian Reach in the Yangtze River
Authors: Li Qing Yun
Published: September 2013

Based on the evolution analysis of Yaojian waterway, it is deemed that in a long period of time, the mainstream will stabilize in Wugui Folder, and that there will be no regulation conditions for making Jianli Left Branch the main branch and main channel. But if we continue to drag on, the river regime, channel, port and the local economy will be adversely affected. This article proposed a conception of regulation works with Wugui Folder as the main branch and main channel. Moreover, it also put forward the detailed regulation scheme for this waterway, including the overall regulation scheme and the first-stage regulation scheme, thus clearly pointing out the direction for the comprehensive treatment of Yaojian waterway.
Simulation Research of Auto Disturbance Rejection Control System for Mineral Inverter Source
Authors: Yang Qing Jiang , Liu Hong Yang
Published: September 2013

For the strong external interference and system nonlinearity and other characteristics in mineral inverter system, we propose a simple auto disturbance rejection controller. The dynamic observation of the uncertain factors and external interference in the system model can be made possible by the use of the extended state observer of the auto disturbances rejection so as to improve the system adaptability to the interference. The simulation tests show that the controller has less overshoot, more adjustable transience and wider selection domain in the stable range to the controlling parameters, meanwhile, the controller has greater adaptability to the inverter power system.
The Impaction of Traffic Rights Opening on the Optimization of the Regional Industrial Structure Evolution
Authors: Tang Hai Yan
Published: September 2013

Traffic rights opening is an important performance of economic globalization, it will have an important impact on the open cities and regions. Industrial structure is determined and evolved by the law of historical development and resources endowment, traffic rights opening can play an important role in regional industry optimization evolution because of its unique characteristics in the production elements and the product transfer.
Determination of Trace Mercury in the Titanium Dioxide by Ultrasonic Oscillation - The Suspension Solid Sampling GF-AAS
Authors: Yang Ping , Cheng Yong
Published: September 2013

Established the analytical method by using ultrasonic vibration - suspension of solid sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) to test trace mercury in the titanium dioxide, by choosing a suitable concentration of agar solution as dispersing agent, and taking the ultrasonic oscillation technique to prepare uniform and stable titanium dioxide suspended solid solution, and finally using the solid injection sampling GF-AAS method to test trace elements of mercury.. Through the application of solid injection technique, the problem that the titanium dioxide is extremely difficult to digest and mercury volatile loss are solved and the matrix effect of the high titanium is eliminated by standard addition method as well. The paper has tested the conditions of preparation of solid suspension such as agar dispersing agent concentration, dosage, and ultrasonic vibration parameters. and titanium dioxide solid suspensions obtained by the method have the characters of uniformity, stability, mobility features, and preserve a long time. Graphite furnace testing procedures are also optimized: drying temperature 85 °C, time 30 s, by lowering the drying temperature and measures to extend the time to solve the contradiction of water evaporation and mercury volatilization; cancel the ashing step directly into the atomization stage in order to avoid mercury loss after drying. Finally, set atomic temperature 1 000 °C, for 5 s and close the purged argon flow of the internal graphite tube to ensure mercury exists as different forms such as free, particle adsorption or parcels can be effective tested. The detection limit is from 0.000 to 005% and recovery rate is from 93% to 109%, RSD <3.1%. The results of the test is correspond with that of Microwave Digestion and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry method. The methods can meet the requirement of testing toxic trace elements mercury in high-grade titanium dioxide which used in medical, food, ceramics and other field.
Study on Compressive Stress-Strain Relationship of Polymer-Modified Concrete
Authors: Zhang Xin Le , Cao Hai , Guo Xiao Hui
Published: September 2013

The axial compressive stress-strain relationship of concrete reflects its basic mechanical performance, which is important in analyzing the performance of materials, especially in the analyzing of the elastic modulus, ductility and carrying capacity. In order to study the mechanical properties of polymer-modified concrete and steel fiber reinforced polymer concrete, a comparative study of the compressive stress-strain relationship of polymer-modified concrete and steel fiber reinforced polymer concrete was carried out, the complete compressive stress-strain curves were obtained, and the influence of polymer and steel fiber on concrete elastic modulus and compressive ductility was also studied. It is demonstrated that the compressive ductility index of steel fiber reinforced polymer concrete can reach 7.39 which is greater than that of polymer-modified concrete with the same ingredients. The results also show that steel fiber reinforced polymer concrete is better than both polymer-modified concrete and steel fiber reinforced concrete.
Study on Absorption of Cu2+ and Cd2+ in Wastewater by Modified Bentonite
Authors: Zhou Xiu Yan , Huang Fei
Published: September 2013

In this study, the adsorption of Cu2+ and Cd2+ in wastewater by modified bentonite was investigated. The effect of adsorption adsorbent dosage, pH, time and temperature conditions, etc. on the adsorption was also studied. The results showed that adsorption of Cu2+ and Cd2+ in wastewater by modified bentonite increased with the increase of the adsorbent.
When dosing quantity was 0.6g, the adsorption rate on Cu2+ and Cd2+ can reach respectively 92.4% and 87.3%. In 30 minutes, the adsorption rate on Cu2+ and Cd2+ can achieve above 93.3% and above 91.8% respectively closing to adsorption balance. When pH of the system is between 6-7, adsorption is to equal balance, the adsorption rate on Cu2+ and Cd2+ can reach above 92%. When the temperature is 30°C, absorption rate on Cu2+ and Cd2+ in wastewater by modified bentonite is 93.6% and 91.8%, the adsorption effect is the best.
Resource Recycling of Waste Slag of Aluminum Factory
Authors: Zeng Ling Ke , Liu Hua Feng , Wang Hui , Tang Guo Wu , Liang Qian Ying , Liu Yan Chun
Published: September 2013

In the last decade, The government and scientific researchers have payed a lot of attention to waste slag of aluminum factory . Many scholars have done a great deal of research and put forward many valuable resource recycling methods,Especially in ceramics field. This paper has reviewed the aluminum slag application ways that researched by our team and some other related scholars,and mainly overviews the application in ceramic filed.
Research on Urban's Planning and Construction of Ecological Corridor around City in Guizhou Areas, Southwest of China
Authors: Zhao Long , Tang Wen , Zhang Ye Chao , Zhang Qi
Published: September 2013

This paper studies the planning and construction of ecological corridor around the city in Guizhou areas, eastern Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, and southwest of China. It is proposed by solving urban environment problems in the process of urbanization and disastrous weather such as drought, glazed frost and hail, etc. Based on the view of Environment Science, Ecology and urban planning，this paper researches on the construction of ecological corridor in some of cities in Guizhou area. Analyze and discuss ecological influences and benefits of constructing ecological corridor to the city of Guizhou and the disastrous weather. On the above, it provides theoretical supplement and reference to planning practice.
Assessment of Aquifer Salinization Beneath an Offshore Industrial Park Based on Solute Transport Calculation
Authors: Liang Shu Yun , Wu Ting Nien , Wu Yu Sheng , Chou Yen Chin , Lee Cheng Haw
Published: September 2013

The purpose of this study is to assess aquifer salinization in the coastal area of an Offshore Industrial Park in Taiwan. Study area belongs to the new Delta Holocene alluvium, which is composed of clay, silt, sand, gravel and their mixture. Groundwater quality measurements including electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, chloride and sulfate were used as indicator to evaluate aquifer salinization. Regional groundwater flows from the middle of study area to the embracing beach, which is the typical island-type-like distribution of groundwater lens. Temporal variations of chloride concentrations in monitoring wells were simulated based on the calculation of solute transport. The simulation result matched with the observation that rainfall leaching could cause dilution of chloride concentration and lessen aquifer salinization. Solute exchange at the interface of fresh water and saline water strongly affected desalinization rate in groundwater, and thus desalinization rate was dependent on its distance from the seashore. According to the calculation of solute transport, it might take about 14 years for complete desalinization through continual rainfall leaching.
Effect of Adding Fillers on Rubbish Degradation and Leachate Yield and Water Quality
Authors: Jiang Bao Jun , Tian Zhu Jun , Jiang Jin Ming
Published: September 2013

In order to study the effect of fillers with adsorption and drying on rubbish degradation, leachate production and water quality of leachate, five cylinder reactors for landfill disposal were built to simulate the operation of landfill, one reactor was used as contrast reactor, no filler added in it. Saw powder, activated carbon, zleolite and newspaper were added into another four reactors. In the experiment, rubbish cell height, leachate production, COD and NH3-N concentration of leachate and heavy metals concentration of leachate were monitored. The experimental results indicate that fillers with adsorption and drying in rubbish have strong effect on reducing leachate production, accelerating degradation of rubbish and reducing pollutants in leachate. Overall, saw powder is more perfect in taking these actions than other three fillers.
Research on Sustainable Development Mechanism of Renewable Energy Using System Theory
Authors: Diao Chun Yan , Li Jian Feng
Published: September 2013

The key elements and internal mechanism of renewable energy development are studied on the basis of system theory. 3E system - which consists of energy, environment and economic was used to analyze mechanism of renewable energy development. Two special effect elements of renewable energy: social factors and technical factors were applied to the 3E system. It was first time to create the ST-3E renewable energy system for study. The improved renewable energy system model including the system structure, its characteristics and inherent mechanism was used to study the operation and evolution of renewable energy development. This study will provide more perfect methodology to study the sustainable development of renewable energy and basis to make energy strategies and policies for governments and international agencies.
An Discussion of Vegetables Freezing Rates of Vacuum Cooling and Refrigerator Cooling
Authors: Yu Kuang Cheng , Yang Jia Siang , Tsai Shian Min
Published: September 2013

Vegetables are perishable agricultural products. In order to prolong the fresh-keeping period of agricultural products, vegetables should be cooled rapidly soon after harvest. The pre-cooling of vegetables after harvest is the first link of cold chain; therefore, its especially important. The boiling point of water descends with the reduction of pressure inside the container. The vacuum cooling utilizes the water content evaporation on the surface of vegetables to take away a great quantity of vaporization heat, and lower the temperature of vegetables swiftly. The experiment took the ways of vacuum cooling and refrigerator cooling respectively to test the freezing rates of head vegetables, leaf vegetables, and root vegetables. The experiment findings show that vacuum cooling has best freezing effect on leaf vegetables, and second best freezing effect on head vegetables.
The Pollution Assessment on the Heavy Metal of Fish in the Huan River
Authors: Yan Ya Meng , Yang Ming Sheng , Chen Liang
Published: September 2013

The Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry was Used to Determine the Heavy Metal Cadmium(Cd), Copper(Cu), Lead(Pb) and Zinc(Zn) Content in 4 Kinds Fish from the Upstream, Midstream and Downstream in the Huan River,which were Saurogobio Dabryi, Misgurnus Anguillicaudatus, Cobitis Sinesis and Parabotia Fasciata Dabry. the Correlation of Heavy Metal was Researched. the Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metal in Fish were Investigated. the Results from Single Factor Pollution Index Implied that the Level of Cd and Pb were much Higher than the Food Hygiene Standards, Cu and Zn was also Light Polluted, the Order is：Pb >Cd> Zn> Cu. Saurogobio Dabryi and Misgurnus Anguillicaudatus are more Likely to Enrich Heavy Metals than other Fishes, and their Endurance for Heavy Metals are Stronger. it Revealed that Heavy Metals Accumulation in Roe was Higher Magnitude than Muscle. Comprehensive Pollution Index Showed that the Huan River had a Serious Heavy Metals Pollution.Edible Safety Hazard is Existed in Fishes in Huan River, which were Not Suitable for Food Directly, and the Relevant Government Departments should Pay Attention to it .
Effect of Pullulan, Glycerol Blend on the Properties of Gelatin Based Edible Film
Authors: Liu Xiao Yan , Zhang Li Qiong , Zhao Su Fen , Li Xin Fang
Published: September 2013

The effects of pullulan and glycerol on the tensile properties and optical properties of gelatin-based edible film were studied. It showed that the adding of pullulan dramatically improved the elongation at break of edible film, when the amount was 50%(percentage by weight, same followingly), the tensile strength and the luminousness reached the best. The adding of glycerol could both increase the elongation at break and optical properties of edible film, when the amount was 20%, the tensile strength reached the best.
Effect on Marine Ecological Environment of COD Emission of Wastewater
Authors: Wang Ying , Ma Chun , Zhang Guang Yu , Xu Nan
Published: September 2013

The paper uses the research means of numerical simulation for marine pollution problem of the ocean dumps from offshore industries, which is concerned by the coastal countries; it adopts ECOM Water Quality Model. It has carried out the simulation research on those projects influence on the environment of sea area. By taking COD of wastewater as the research object, the paper confirmed the influence range of COD emission on marine ecological environment.