bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New networking technology in ETSI ISG NIN
Authors: Grant John S
Published: December 2022

ETSI ISG Non-IP Networking (NIN) was formed to standardize Flexilink, a networking technology which does not have the problems mobile operators had identified with current technology based on Internet Protocol (IP). This paper reviews the main features of Flexilink and the advantages of the services it provides for future network applications beyond 2030. Internet Protocol is connection-less, so every packet has to carry all the information needed to route it to its destination and this information has to be processed by each router the packet passes through. However, in most cases it is used to carry a "flow" of packets for a connection-oriented protocol such as TCP or RTP. Routing in SDN applies to flows rather than individual packets, but each packet header still contains the same routing information and must be processed to identify the flow to which the packet belongs. Flexilink replaces the per-flow information in the packet header with a pointer into the routing table, which eliminates the need for software processing of packet headers and means that packet formats are not dependent on the addressing scheme used. It also provides a separate service for live media such as audio, video, and tactile that easily achieves the lowest possible latency.
6G System architecture: A service of services vision
Authors: Taleb Tarik , Benzaïd Chafika , Bordallo Lopez Miguel , Mikhaylov Konstantin , Tarkoma Sasu , Kostakos Panos , Mahmood Nurul Huda , Pirinen Pekka , Matinmikko-Blue Marja , Latva-aho Matti , Pouttu Ari
Published: December 2022

The architectures of mobile networks have seen an unprecedented techno-economic transformation, fusing the telcommunications world within the cloud world, adding the spices of Software Engineering to the overall system design, and ultimately yielding the concept of Telco Cloud. This has brought significant benefits in terms of reducing expenditure and operational costs, flexibility in deployment, and a faster time to market. The key enablers are network function virtualization, software-defined networking, and edge/cloud computing. Artificial intelligence is also kicking in this arena. When all these technologies are well integrated, the creation and life-cycle management of fully programmable, flexible, service-tailored, and automated end-to-end network slices/services become possible. This will support diverse 5G and beyond 5G services, spanning from tactile IoT to pervasive robotics and immersive services. This paper introduces an unprecedented and disruptive vision for 6G that shifts the perception of future mobile networks from the old-fashioned concept of "network of networks" towards a new vision of "service of services." The paper then introduces the functional model of the envisioned system architecture, along with its components. It then provides a high-level description of the logical architecture.
SFCaaS: Service function chains as a service in NFV environments
Authors: Moufakir Tarik , Zhani Mohamed Faten , Gherbi Abdelouahed , Aloqaily Moayad , Ghrada Nadir
Published: December 2022

With the growing deployment of emergent technologies like software-defined networking, network services are expected to be revolutionized. In this paper, we investigate offering Service Function Chains as a Service (SFCaaS) in NFV environments. We describe the potential business model to offer such a service and then we address the service function chain provisioning and resource allocation problem. As the chain is deployed thanks to virtual machines (i.e., instances) and links, we conduct first a detailed study of the costs of Amazon EC2 instances with respect to their location, size, type and performance. Afterwards, we address the resource allocation problem for service function chains from the SFC provider's perspective. We formulate the problem as an integer linear program aiming at reducing operational costs of the service function chains (i.e., costs of virtual machine instances and links, and synchronization among the instances). To address large-scale instances of the problem, we also propose a new heuristic algorithm to reduce operational costs taking into account the conducted study of the costs of Amazon EC2 instances. We show through extensive simulations that the proposed heuristic significantly reduces operational costs compared to a baseline algorithm inspired by the existing literature.
Toma de decisiones, beneficio de implementación de la contabilidad de costos en las Pymes Ecuatorianas
Authors:   Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Vanegas Salinas Pablo Genaro , Lugo Garcia Jorge ,   Universidad Católica de Cuenca
Published: December 2022

Las Pymes en el cantón Cuenca representan un importante sector de la economía por lo que es menester analizar el beneficio de la implementación de la contabilidad de costos en las Pymes del cantón Cuenca. Para cumplir el objetivo planteado se desarrolló una investigación descriptiva y correlacional con la aplicación de un método inductivo a través del levantamiento de una encuesta validada por expertos. En el estudio se plantea una muestra representativa conformada por 56 PYMES afiliadas a la Cámara de la pequeña industria del cantón Cuenca. La investigación evidencia que un porcentaje importante de las PYMES aplican la contabilidad de costos, sistema que les genera la información pertinente sobre sus costos de producción y les ha beneficiado en la toma de decisiones, esta condición garantiza una sostenibilidad en el tiempo de las empresas.
Pattern and Diagnosis of Solid Testicular Swellings and it’s Management Outcome
Authors: Bashir Jamshed , Abbasi Mushtaque Ahmed , Bhatti Shaheen Gul , Khatti Shahnawaz , Soomro Aftab , Ahsan Muhammad Fahim
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of the clinical pattern and diagnosis of various types of solid testicular swellings and its management outcomes. Materials and methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was done at the surgery department of Muhammad Medical College, Mirpur Khas. Cases with different presentations raising suspicion about the disease were admitted to the hospital from OPD after recording the detailed history and clinical examination. All the patients presenting with solid testicular swellings underwent inguinal exploration through an incision above the inguinal ligament, regardless of age, were included. After taking verbal informed consent, all the cases underwent testicular biopsies, and specimens were sent to the diagnostic laboratory for histopathological diagnosis. Patients having neoplastic testicular changes were referred, and patients with non-neoplastic testicular swellings lesions were treated conservatively or surgically as per indications. The data and records of all the patients were taken and maintained by the study proforma. Results: A total of 50 cases of solid testicular swellings were studied; their mean age was 48.45+7.23 years. Painless enlargement was present in 70% of cases, enlargement was usually gradual with a feeling of heaviness, followed by painful enlargement in 10.0% of cases. 20(40%) patients were diagnosed as neoplastic testicular swellings, and 30(60%) patients had non-neoplastic swellings. Among 30 cases of testicular swellings, 40.0% had orchitis, 8.0% had trauma, Epididymo-orchitis 12.0%, testicular tuberculosis was in 4.0%, and 1 (2%) had mumps orchitis. All the non-neoplastic lesions were treated successfully and neoplastic lesions cases were referred for further treatment. Conclusion: As per the study conclusion, painless enlargement (usually gradual with the feeling of heaviness) was observed to be the most common clinical feature. However, orchitis, epididymo-orchitis, and tuberculosis of the testis seemed to be the most common diagnoses among non-neoplastic cases. Neoplastic lesions were frequently high. Keywords: Testicles, swelling, features, diagnosis
THE RELATIONSHIP OF VISUAL PERCEPTION OF HEALTH IMAGES ON CIGARETTE PACKAGING WITH ADOLESCENT SMOKING BEHAVIOR
Authors: Wiana Rama Dwissa , Permana Dwika Lutfhi
Published: December 2022

Smoking is one of the problems experienced by adolescents. Anytime and anywhere we often encounter teenagers who smoke. The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between the visual perception of health images on cigarette packaging with adolescent smoking behavior at SMK Dwija Bhakti 1 Jombang Class X Computer and Network Engineering Expertise Program.
Design survey analytical research with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study was all students of SMK Dwija Bhakti 1 Jombang class X computer and tissue engineering expertise program who smoked with a total of 34 students and a total sample of 31 students taken using simple random sampling techniques. Independent variables of visual perception and dependent variables of adolescent smoking behavior. Data collection with the dissemination of questionnaires, data processing editing, coding, scoring and tabulating, data analysis with statistical tests of spearman rank.
The results showed that of the 31 respondents, most of them had a negative perception of 18 students (58.1%) and most of the respondents had mild smoking behavior as many as 21 students (67.7%). The value of p = 0.03 < ? 0.05 which means H1 is accepted.
The conclusion in this study is that there is a relationship between the visual perception of health images on cigarette packaging and adolescent smoking behavior
SIMULACRUM MEDIA DI ERA POSTMODERN
Authors: Fitrianti Rizqi
Published: December 2022

Female beauty has become a mass media commodity, so many women are exploited in ad impressions. As a result, women are often positioned as sign objects, not as subjects. In this postmodern era, where everything is no longer a single meaning, hyperreality in mass media becomes a commonplace. The problem raised to be the object of research in this study is a form of simulation by media actors in delivering messages and information in Dove ads ‘Dove Real Beauty Sketches’, thus becoming a hyperrealist show. This study aims to determine the simulation of language used by the media, and to know the extent to which hyperrealist that occurs can form the mindset of the audience into what is formed by the media. The method used in this research using semiotic analysis qualitatively. Data collection conducted by library study and narrative analysis using Jean Baudrillard simulation theory. From the research results obtained conclusion as follows: First, the simulation in the ad impressions is done in many forms, not only through language but also through high technology applications. The simulation has led the audience's mindset that the ads are real. Second, hyperrealist that occurs due to the simulation process that made the ad into the consumption of banalities which in the end still sell the product, not give the beauty education as the ad is conveyed
COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE DALAM PELAKSANAAN KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI WILAYAH PERBATASAN KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Rupita Rupita , Yulianti Yulianti , Gaffar Zakiah Hasan , Rahmaniah Syarifah Ema , Herlan Herlan
Published: December 2022

Education policy during the COVID-19 pandemic prioritizes safety and health, both learners, educators and the community. This policy is based on the Joint Decree (SKB) of four ministers that is still valid to this day. The priority in implementing this policy is collaborative governance, where every layer of society actively participates from formulation to policy implementation. This research specifically discusses the implementation of education policies in the Indonesia-Malaysia border region, Entikong West Kalimantan. This research method is the exploration of primary data and secondary data. Field primary data is obtained through observation and secondary data through literature review with topic clustering; collaborative governance, education policy, and learning in times of pandemics. Based on the discussion, the concept of collaborative governance has not been fully implemented in the application of education policy in the pandemic period. This is because there is an urgent situation in the implementation of online learning. While in collaborative governance, more activities are carried out face-to-face; Such as socialization and community participation
EFEKTIFITAS PEMBERDAYAAN USAHA PROGRAM GERBANGMAS-TASKIN UNTUK PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN PADA UNIT PELAKSANA KEUANGAN (UPK) DI KOTA BANJARBARU
Authors: Ramadhani Muhammad Muthahhari
Published: December 2022

The South Kalimantan Community Development Integrated Movement for Poverty Alleviation has been implemented by the Human and Environmental Empowerment Activity unit carried out by the Implementing Team (Timlak) in the form of grant assistance. The results can be directly felt by the target households of the program. However, in the implementation of business empowerment, it is known that every Financial Implementing Unit (UPK) in Banjarbaru City faces almost the same problem, namely the inability to repay loans (arrears) every month by program recipient households. This research was conducted using a descriptive evaluative research approach. In practice, this research is intended to evaluate the effectiveness of business empowerment of the Gatemas Taskin Program in Banjarbaru City in business development and increasing the income of poor households as potential program targets.
The results showed that the implementation of the Integrated Community Development Movement Program (Gerbangmas-Taskin) for Poverty Alleviation in Banjarbaru City, was considered ineffective in helping business development and increasing the income of poor households. This is because the program recipients are not households that meet the target household criteria (RTS), namely poor households (RTM) who receive direct cash subsidies so that the program targets to help the poor develop businesses and increase their income cannot be achieved or are not on target. This fact shows that the Gerbangmas Taskin Program has not implemented microfinance principles, one of which is that aid is only for the poor. Factors causing the program's ineffectiveness are non-poor household beneficiaries (contrary to microfinance principles), lack of understanding of UPK programs, low participation, and suboptimal assistance
KEDUDUKAN HUKUM PEMEGANG HAK ATAS TANAH EIGENDOM VERPONDING DALAM PENGUASAAN TANAH OLEH PEMERINTAH
Authors: Sari Ika Sistia Wulan , Setyadji Sri
Published: December 2022

The purpose of writing this journal to examine the position and  legal protection for holders of western land rights, namely Eigendom Verponding, which has not been converted into Property Rights in accordance with Law Number of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Provisions ('UUPA'), even time limit which is 20 years from the enactment of the LoGA until September 20, 1980, and there is a provision that states that the west does not change its land during the conversion period, it will be direct controlled by the but in fact, there are legal subjects who hold Eigendome Verpondinge land rights who have not converted their land directly controlled by the government and submitted an application to the court and the decision was to win the lawsuit of the Eigendom Verponding land right holder so the writer is interested to examine these problems, using normative juridical research methods through approach to laws, conceptual, cases and also history related to legal issues so that the research results are found that, in PP Number 24 of 1979 concerning Land Registration Article 24 paragraph (1))for the purposes of land registration of former rights can stillobe started systematically and sporadically. This has resulted in the absence of legal balance between the hierarchy of laws and regulations according to Article 7 of Law Number 12 of 2011 which has a higher degree of UUPA compared to Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 so that regulations with a higher degree must refer to regulations of a higher degree, if in the legal principle lex superior derogat legi inferiori
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONSUMEN KARTU SIM YANG MENGALAMI KEBOCORAN DATA AKIBAT PERETASAN
Authors: Nasrudin Fadhi Khoiru , Latumahina Rosalinda Elsina
Published: December 2022

The development of the internet cannot be separated from the development of the concept of personal data. Information technology today has developed very quickly and rapidly. This is because information technology is able to eliminate the boundaries of space, distance and time so as to significantly increase aspects of productivity and efficiency. The presence of digital crime has developed into a threat to human life, making it difficult for public authorities to know the strategies for violations committed with computer innovation, especially internet networks. So the main problem in this research is whether the Personal Data Protection Law can protect SIM card consumers against hacking of personal data? Data protection is a term that is often used to refer to binding practices, safeguards and rules put in place to protect personal data and ensure that the data subject remains in control. Article 12 paragraph (1) Personal Data Subjects have the right to sue and receive compensation for violations of processing Personal Data about themselves in accordance with statutory provisions. The approach to this problem is to use a method that reviews the regulations and provisions that have been in force and are often followed by the community. Therefore, the type of research used includes normative legal research
KEBIJAKAN KEJAKSAAN AGUNG RI TENTANG PENGHAPUSAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DI BAWAH 50 JUTA DITINJAU DARI RESTORATIVE JUSTICE
Authors: Subiantoro Wahyu Danang , Soeskandi Hari
Published: December 2022

The Attorney General's Office of the Republic of Indonesia is a public prosecutor's office located in the capital city of the Republic of Indonesia, which is directly responsible under the president and whose jurisdiction covers the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. The Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Indonesia is a state institution that exercises state power, especially in the field of prosecution. As a body that has the authority to enforce law and justice, the prosecutor's office is led by the Attorney General who is elected by and responsible to the president. The Prosecutor's Office as one of the state institutions in law enforcement is required to play a greater role in upholding the rule of law, protecting the public interest, upholding human rights, and eradicating corruption, collusion, and napotism. Restorative justice is one of the concepts of law enforcement in the settlement of cases that can be used as an instrument of recovery and has been implemented by the Supreme Court in the form of policy enforcement, but its implementation in the criminal justice system in Indonesia is still not optimal. Restorative justice is an alternative for solving criminal cases which in the mechanism of criminal justice procedures focus on punishment which is converted into a dialogue and/or mediation process involving the perpetrator and the victim to create an agreement on the settlement of criminal cases that is fair and balanced for the victims and the perpetrators themselves. . Meanwhile, according to the legal perspective, corruption is an act against the law with the intention of enriching oneself and/or other people, both individuals and corporations that can harm the state, such as bribery, extortion, embezzlement in office, fraudulent acts, conflicts of interest in procurement, and gratuities
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA PIHAK KREDITUR YANG MEMPEKERJAKAN DEBTCOLLECTOR DALAM PENYELESAIAN KREDIT MACET
Authors: Denisanjaya Marcellina , Mangesti Yovita Arie
Published: December 2022

In this study, it will examine the criminal liability of creditors who employ debtcollectors in collecting bad debts. Card-Based Payment Instruments (APMK) regulated in PBI (Bank Indonesia Regulation) Number 14 of 2012, one example of a payment instrument that is often used by the public is the use of Credit Cards. With this payment instrument, it can pose several risks for the community, a problem that often occurs is delays or overdue in paying credit card bills. Until it finally causes credit bottlenecks in payments and also the nominal collection that is increasing due to late fees. The existence of credit congestion can cause other problems for the creditor and the debtor. In general, in the event of a bad debt, the creditor will use the services of a Debtcollector as a third party to collect debts. Debtcollector as a third party charged by the creditor (bank) in collecting debts to the debtor, but the power of attorney that has been given makes the debtcollector do various ways of collecting. There are some debt collection individuals who commit arbitrary acts or unlawful acts in collection. In this study, it uses normative juridical research methods with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of this study show that the form of criminal liability of creditors who employ debtcollectors can be in the form of imprisonment and/or fines of a certain amount of money for compensation to the aggrieved party. It has not been clearly regulated in the laws and regulations regarding the form of criminal liability of creditors in hiring debtcollectors who commit unlawful acts at the time of debt collection.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS PENGELOLAAN ROYALTI HAK CIPTA LAGU DAN/ATAU MUSIK MENURUT PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN YANG BERLAKU DI INDONESIA
Authors: Iswantono Tanu , Rosando Abraham Ferry
Published: December 2022

Songs and musics are a creation of human being that being protected by the law. This protection is made for giving welfare for certain people that created the songs or musics, in economics or non-economics ways. For those, Indonesian government make some rules, from the very beginning like Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia 1945 until the specific ones like Peraturan Pemerintah No.56. These rules also supported by many norms such as Peraturan Kementrian Hukum dan HAM, and the other positive law which exist in Indonesia. The purpose of this efforts is to decrease uncertainty law about songs and musics sharing profit in Indonesia
PENGARUH SIKAP TENAGA KESEHATAN DAN KETERSEDIAAN OBAT TERHADAP TINGKAT KEPUASAN MASYARAKAT PEMEGANG KARTU JAMKESMAS RUMAH SAKIT AHMAD RIPIN KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI
Authors: Rohima Ananda Putri
Published: December 2022

This study aims to find out the influence of the attitude of health workers and the availability of drugs on the level of community satisfaction of jamkesmas cardholders of Ahmad Ripin Hospital Muaro Jambi Regency, both independently and simultaneously. This research uses a quantitative approach. The type of research used is ex-post facto. The variables used in the study were the attitude of health workers, the availability of drugs and the level of satisfaction. The data collection techniques used in the study used questionnaires, observations, documentation and interviews. Sampling technique uses probability sampling with a sample number of 250 patients. The subjects of the trial were as many as 30 patients at Abdul Manap Hospital in Jambi City. Instrument trials are conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the instrument. The validity of the instrument is calculated using the Product Moment Correlation Analysis and obtained 47 valid items. Test the reliability of the instrument using The Cronbach Alpha and all variables have high reliability. The data analysis techniques used are simple regression analysis techniques and double regression analysis. The results of this study showed that (1) there was a positive and significant influence of the attitude of health workers towards the level of community satisfaction of jamkesmas cardholders of Ahmad Ripin Hospital Muaro Jambi Regency which was shown by rhitung > rtabel 5% of 0.409 > 0.138, (2) the influence there was a positive and significant increase of the availability of drugs to the level of satisfaction of the community of jamkesmas card holders of Ahmad Ripin Hospital Muaro Jambi Regency indicated by  rhitung > rtabel 5% of 0.355 > 0.138, and (3) there was a positive and significant influence of the attitude of health workers and the availability of drugs to the level of community satisfaction of jamkesmas card holders of Ahmad Ripin Hospital Muaro Jambi Regency indicated by Fhitung > Ftabel 5% of 35,111 > 3.04. The study's effective contribution was 22.1%, while 77.9% was explained by other factors not analyzed in the study.
FAKTOR PENGHAMBAT PENGELOLAAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU (RTH) DI KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Rohima Ananda Putri
Published: December 2022

This research discusses the management of Green Open Space (RTH) in Jambi City, especially what are the inhibiting factors in the management of the RTH so that the amount of RTH area in Jambi City is still far from the targeted standards and the quality of RTH is still not good. This type of research is qualitative descriptive research. The type of data used in this study is primary data obtained from interviews with research informants and secondary data in the form of reports and official documents. Data collection techniques used in the form of interviews, observations and documentation. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis that uses interpretation of the data, facts and information obtained. The results of this study show that the management of the green open space of Jambi City has not been done to the maximum. This is because there are inhibitory factors that in this study are seen from institutional aspects, financing and participation. In the institutional aspect seen from the component of rules / policies where in managing RTH refers to RPJMD and RTRW Kota Jambi which then each SKPD makes a Strategic Plan (Renstra-SKPD). But there is still a lack of regulations that protect RTH so that there are risks such as diversion of functions, unlicensed felling of trees and so on. Furthermore, in the financing aspect, funds sourced from APBD have met the standards, but the use of funds carried out is not appropriate such as focusing more on improving supporting facilities and not on improving and managing RTH. Participation that has not been done optimally by both the private sector and the public is also an inhibitory factor in the process of managing Green Open Space (RTH) in Jambi City.
ANALISIS PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA ANTARA PENGANGKUT DENGAN PENGIRIM AKIBAT TERJADI KECELAKAAN
Authors: Selvia Mila , Erlina Erlina
Published: December 2022

Freight forwarding companies function as agents (representatives) in the carriage agreement acting on behalf of the sender or recipient. Freight forwarding companies are regulated in Book I Chapter V Part 2 Articles 86-90 of the Indonesian Commercial Code (KUHD) for rail and water transportation. The results of the research and discussion show that the form of the carriage agreement between PT. Trijaya Sarana Mandiri and the sender is a written agreement in the form of an underhand agreement signed by the parties concerned only. The agreement only binds the parties to the agreement, but does not have the power to bind third parties. In other words, if the agreement is obliged to submit the necessary evidence to prove that the third party's objection is unfounded and cannot be justified. The rights and obligations of the parties between PT. Trijaya Sarana Mandiri and the shipper in a reciprocal carriage agreement, then the obligations of one party are the rights of the other party. According to Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation, Articles 186 to 196 explain the rights and obligations of the carrier. How to resolve disputes between PT. Trijaya Sarana Mandiri with the sender due to an accident by taking this non-litigation route, the parties in the future can still establish a good and harmonious relationship, and more importantly, the parties who previously had a dispute in the future are still willing and confident to establish cooperation in the transportation of goods
WACANA POLITIK PADA PIDATO ANGGOTA PARLEMEN INDONESIA TENTANG PENANGANAN COVID 19
Authors: Priatna Achmad Nashrudin
Published: December 2022

Communication as the essence of interaction between people plays an important role in all aspects of life, including politics. The view that communication includes politics, presumably understandable, because politics is all-present (ubiquitous) and multi-dimensional. Political communication, in practice can take the form of speech, public speaking or rhetoric. And when it comes to political communication in its various forms, our attention will be drawn to the various colors of the speeches of legislators (in this paper the author mentions lawmakers). There are three indicators analyzed, by using Aristotle's rhetorical theory, namely Ethos, pathos and Logos. This paper uses a qualitative method which is considered as a written analysis of words related to ideas, ideas, beliefs, feelings, habits and behaviors of human Walliman in (Akbar, 2021).  The analysis used by the authors is descriptive analytical to provide an overview of how the perspectives of lawmakers (in other terms, legislators) view the functioning of the state and government in the covid 19 vaccination program. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique in writing this article departs from an explanation (Creswell, 2014) which focuses on data analysis through data organization, reading and recording, as well as description, clarification, and interpretation (Agustino, 2020). The result is that MPs' speeches on Indonesia's Covid 19 handling policies are largely determined by their position, whether from government-supporting parties or the opposition
Extração de cobre de resíduos eletroeletrônicos utilizando os extratantes orgânicos Lix 84-IC e Cyanex 272
Authors: Gonçalves e Gonçalves Silvane , Ferreira Keylla Castro , Oliveira Kléber Bittencourt , Faial Kelson do Carmo Freitas , Macêdo Emanuel Negrão
Published: December 2022

Objetivou-se analisar a viabilidade de extração química de cobre presente em placas-mãe de computadores. O material foi cominuído e caracterizado quimicamente por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura com Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva e Espectrometria de Fluorescência de Raios-X. Foram realizadas lixiviações utilizando-se os ácidos HCl–HNO 3 3:1, nas concentrações 2N, 4N e 6N, a 80ºC durante 4h. Os lixiviados foram analisados quimicamente por Espectrometria de Emissão Óptica com Plasma Induzido. A utilização da solução HCl–HNO 3 a 2 N demorou 180 min para extrair 96,5% de cobre. Para as soluções de HCl–HNO 3 a 4N e 6 N foram extraídos aproximadamente 96% de cobre nos primeiros 30 min de lixiviação. Os lixiviados foram submetidos a extrações por contato direto utilizando-se os solventes Lix 84-IC e Cyanex 272 diluídos em querosene. Foram recuperados 97,10 % de cobre em pH 4 utilizando Lix 84-IC e 83,82% utilizando-se Cyanex 272.
ROMAN DENARII FROM THE BAYDAR VALLEY (CRIMEA)
Authors: Андриевский Д.В. , Чореф М.М.
Published: December 2022

В 2008—2013 гг. в Байдарской долине было найдено пять римских денариев. Четыре монеты отчеканены от имени магистратов и полководцев периода Поздней Республики, а одна, позднейшая, поступила в обращение при Веспасиане. Самый ранний денарий, выпущенный Аппием Клавдием Пульхром, Т. Манлием Мациной (Манциной?) и Кв. Урбинием в 111 или 110 г. до н.э., обнаружен близ Скельской пещеры вместе с обломками позднескифской лепной миски. Неподалёку нашли монету Марка Антония, выпущенную в честь IV Скифского легиона. Ещё один артефакт этого типа с эмблемами III Киренского легиона был найден в южной части долины вместе с денарием Г. Юлия Цезаря типа Венера — Эней с Анхисом и палладиумом, в сопровождении обломков позднескифской мисочки на невысокой ножке. Монета Веспасиана была найдена без сопутствовавшего материала. Республиканские денарии в разной степени стёрты, но не пробиты. Приходим к выводу, что местные жители ценили их за содержащийся в них драгоценный металл и использовали как вотивы. Позднейшая монета в подборке могла быть привезена на полуостров римскими легионерами и использоваться в качестве платежного средства.

In 2008—2013, five Roman denarii were found in the Baydar Valley. The latest coin entered circulation under Vespasian, while the rest were minted on behalf of magistrates and generals under the Late Republic. The earliest denarius was issued in 111 or 110 BCE by Appius Claudius Pulcher, T. Manlius Macin (Mancin?) and Q. Urbinus; it was discovered near the Skelе Cavetogether with fragments of a Scythian hand formed bowl. Nearby, they found a coin issued in honor of the Legio IV Scythica by Marcus Antonius. Another artifact of this type bearing emblems of the Legio III Cyrenaica was found in the southern part of the valley together with the denarius of G. Julius Caesar of the type known as ‘Venus and Aeneas carrying Anchises and Palladium’, as well as with fragments of a Late Scythian short-stem small bowl. The coin of Vespasian was found without accompanying archaeological material. All Republican denarii are worn to varying degrees, but not perforated. Our conclusion is that the locals valued these coins for the precious metal they contained, so they must have been used as votives. The latest coin in the sample could have been brought to the peninsula by Roman legionnaires and used as a real circulating medium.
Editorial No. 72
Authors: Calles-Minero Camila
Published: December 2022

La revista entorno presenta su edición 72, en la cual se incluyen artículos desde diversas áreas de la ciencia. Se abordan problemáticas como la salud mental, educación virtual, el embarazo adolescente, la industria de los supermercados y la posmodernidad, entre otros. Estos artículos fueron revisados por pares evaluadores, quienes con criterios científicos aprobaron su publicación. Así, la revista entorno contribuye a la difusión científica de trabajos salvadoreños y de otros países. El contenido es editado y publicado siguiendo los parámetros de la ciencia abierta, por lo que los textos completos están a disposición de todo el mundo científico, para su validación y réplica. Con ello se busca propiciar la investigación colaborativa y el intercambio de información en beneficio tanto de la ciencia como de la sociedad.
RÖNESANS’TA ARİSTOTELESÇİLİK
Authors: SALĞAR Ercan
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Rönesans’ta Aristotelesçilik akımlarının yeri ve öneminin ne olduğunu araştırmaktır. Yaygın görüşe göre, modern bilim ve düşünce Rönesans’ta Aristotelesçi bilim anlayışının eleştirilmesi ve yadsınmasına binaen ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca bu anlayışı savunanlara göre, Rönesans’ta Aristoteles felsefesinin tamamıyla ortadan kalktığı, bunun yerine Platoncu felsefenin geçtiği ve nihayetinde modern bilimin oluşumunda da Platoncu felsefenin etkin olduğu ileri sürülür. Oysa Batı literatüründe kısmen bilinen, ülkemizde ise neredeyse hiç bilinmeyen karşı teze göre, Aristoteles felsefesinin ya da Aristotelesçiliğin Rönesans ve hatta 17. yy’da dahi tamamıyla ortadan kalkmadığı, aksine evirilerek modern bilim ve düşünceye zemin hazırladığı iddia edilir. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızda, hem bu tartışmalı konuya ışık tutması hem de ikinci ekolün savları bağlamında literatüre katkı sağlaması bakımından, Rönesans’ta Aristotelesçilik konusunu ele aldık. Neticede, mevcut kaynaklar dahilinde Aristotelesçi felsefenin Rönesans ve 17. yy’da tamamıyla ortadan kalkmadığı aksine bu felsefenin Padua Üniversitesinde, metodolojik bağlamda daha da geliştirilerek, Galileo öncülüğündeki modern bilimsel yönteme zemin hazırladığı görülmüştür.
MARX’IN İNSAN ANLAYIŞINA İLİŞKİN ÇAĞDAŞ BİR TARTIŞMA: İNSAN DOĞASI İNSANA ÖZGÜ NİTELİKLER İLE SINIRLANDIRILABİLİR Mİ?
Authors: KARABABA Ekin
Published: December 2022

Marx’ın belirli bir insan doğası anlayışına sahip olup olmadığı meselesi felsefi literatürde hala tartışılmaktadır. Chris Byron bu konu üzerine yakın zamanda kaleme aldığı bir çalışmasında söz konusu tartışmanın bütün taraflarını tatmin edeceğini düşündüğü bir iddia dile getirir. Byron’a göre insan doğasından, sadece insana ait özellikler anlaşılmalıdır. İnsan doğasını kavramsal olarak bu şekilde sınırlandıran Byron, Marx’ın insan doğası anlayışının temelinde de emeğin yer aldığını söyler. Fakat yazarın, insan doğasının kapsamına dair dile getirdiği düşünce çeşitli sorunlar barındırır. İlk olarak, insan doğasının böyle anlaşılması insanın eksik bir şekilde tanımlanmasına neden olmaktadır. Felsefi anlamda kesin bir tanım, tanımladığı iddiasındaki kavramın hem yeter, hem de zorunlu koşullarını ortaya koymalıdır. Ama insanın ayırıcı özellikleri insan olmanın zorunlu ve yeter koşullarının tümünü kapsamadığı için, bu nitelikler insanı tanımlamakta ve dolayısıyla insan doğasını açıklamakta yetersiz kalmaktadır. İkinci olarak, insan doğasının yalnızca insana ait özelliklerden oluştuğu iddiası, bizzat Byron’un insan doğasını emeğe dayandırma çabasına zarar vermektedir. Çünkü tarih içinde gelişen farklı biçimleriyle emek sürecinin temel amacı her zaman insan ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması olmuştur ve bu ihtiyaçların birçoğu da yalnızca insana ait özellikler ile açıklanamaz. Yani insanın diğer varlıklarla paylaştığı özellikler de göz önüne alınmadan ne emeğin tarihteki yaratıcı ve ilerletici rolü, ne de emek ile insan doğası arasındaki ilişki sağlıklı bir şekilde kavranabilir.
HUKUKUN İKİ BEDENİ: DOĞAL VE POZİTİF HUKUK DİKOTOMİSİNDE ARİSTOTELES’İN YERİ
Authors: BAYRAM Murat
Published: December 2022

Hukuk felsefesi için bir mihenk taşı ve temel olan Aristoteles felsefesi, günümüzde birbirinden keskin sınırlarla ayrılan iki tartışma olan doğal ve pozitif hukuk için önemli bir yere sahip olmuştur. Ancak Aristoteles’in yasanın doğal ve pozitifliği arasındaki ayrımı günümüzde olduğundan daha azdı ve Aristoteles bu iki düşünce yapısına politik adaleti de ekleyerek hukuk felsefesini farklı bir perspektife taşımıştır. Çalışmamızda Aristoteles’in doğal ve insan yapımı hukuku politik adalet altında ele almasının nedenlerine değinerek, aynı zamanda Aristotelesçi doğal yasa ifadesinin çelişikliğinden (değişebilirliği ve değişmezliği) hareketle Stoacı ve Thomas Aquinasçı anlamda bir doğal hukuk düşüncesini dile getirip getirmediğine değineceğiz.
“KENDİNİ BİL!” BUYRUĞU ÜZERİNE
Authors: ÇİLİNGİR Lokman
Published: December 2022

““Kendini bil”, “aşırıya kaçma”, “kanaatkâr ol” şeklinde bütün kadim toplumlarda karşımıza çıkan ahlaki/dini buyruklar “ölçülülük” veya “aklıbaşındalık” erdeminin yansımaları olarak görülebilir. Çin medeniyetinden Sümer ve Mısır medeniyetlerine değin kadim bilgelik bu ölçülülük erdeminin zengin örnekleriyle doludur. Ölçülülük kavramının tarihinde önemli bir aşamayı, bilgiye dayalı bilgelik olarak tanımlayabileceğimiz İyonyalı düşünürlerin felsefi etkinliği oluşturur. Lakin felsefenin bu ilk dönemindeki, daha doğrusu, doğa felsefesi evresindeki bilge-filozoflar, insanı doğrudan değil de daha çok insanın da ait olduğunu varsaydıkları doğa (physis) üzerinden inceleme konusu yaptılar. Doğadaki çeşitliliğin ve değişimin sebebini rasyonel bağlamda araştırırken aslında doğada bir düzen ve ölçü bulmaya çalıştılar. Bu çabaya ölçü arayan insanın aslında ölçünün bizzat kendisi olduğu bilinci örtük de olsa eşlik etmiştir. Zira, bütün İyonyalı filozoflar Delphi tapınağının girişine kazınmış olan “Kendini bil” buyruğuna bağlı kaldılar. Lakin bu buyruğun salt felsefi boyutuyla dile getirilmesi ve felsefenin yüzünü bütünüyle insana çevirmesi ancak Protagoras ve Sokrates (Platon) ile mümkün olur. İnsan ile birlikte toplumsal ve kültürel hayat da felsefenin problem sahasına dahil olmuştur. Denilebilir ki antik dönemde “kendini bil” buyruğunun ölçülülük kavramı ile ilişkisi bir yandan Protagoras üzerinden “Her şeyin ölçüsü insandır”a, diğer yandan da Sokrates aracılığıyla “Her şeyin ölçüsü Tanrıdır”a dönüşmüştür. İşte bu çalışmanın asıl amacı, “kendini bil” buyruğunun ve ölçülülük erdeminin Protagoras ve Sokrates ile birlikte epistemolojik ve etik sahadaki yansımalarını açıklığa kavuşturmaktır.
SPINOZA’NIN GEOMETRİK YÖNTEMİNİN DESCARTES’IN MATHESIS UNIVERSALIS PROJESİ VE YÖNTEM ANLAYIŞI BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ
Authors: AYDIN ÇAĞLIYAN Ebru
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmada amacım Spinoza’nın geometrik yönteminin Descartes’a dayanan kökenlerini göstermeye çalışmaktır. Descartes aritmetik ve geometriye dayanan evrensel bir bilim (mathesis universalis) kurmak istemiştir. Onun bu konudaki fikirleri kendi yöntem anlayışında da belirleyicidir. Descartes’ın mathesis universalis düşüncesi ve yöntem anlayışı Spinoza’nın geometrik yöntem anlayışının şekillenmesinde doğrudan etkili olmuştur. Çalışmamda Spinoza’nın geometrik yönteminin nasıl şekillendiğini göstermek için Birinci Kısımda Descartes’ın mathesis universalis projesini ve yöntem anlayışını inceledim. Bu bağlamda onun geometrik düzen hakkındaki fikirlerini ele aldım. İkinci kısımda ise Spinoza’nın geometrik yöntem anlayışının nasıl doğduğunu göstermek amacıyla, hala Descartes’ın yöntem konusundaki etkilerinin görüldüğü Aklın Islahı Üzerine Bir İnceleme başlıklı çalışmasından Ethica’ya kadar olan eserlerini araştırmam bağlamında geometrik yöntemin uygulanması bakımından inceledim. Spinoza’nın geometrik yönteminin geçtiği aşamalar onun geometrik yönteminin zaman içinde nasıl gelişip değiştiğini göstermektedir. Spinoza geometrik yöntemle yazma konusunda Descartes’tan ileri gitmiş, her konuda geometrik yöntemin kullanılabileceğini söylemiştir.
Роль здорового образа жизни и правильного питания в лечении ожирения
Authors: Петросян А. Г. , Джндоян З. Т.
Published: December 2022

Վերջին տասնամյակներում ճարպակալումը համաճարակային բնույթ է ստացել և լուրջ առողջական խնդիր է, որը լուծում է պահանջում և հետևողական աշխատանք: Կիրառվում են ճարպակալմանն ուղղված արդյունավետ բուժման մեթոդներ, որոնք ոչ միայն լավացնում են կյանքի որակը, այլև կանխում են այս հիվանդության բազմաթիվ դրսևորումների և բարդությունների առաջացումը: Հաճախ կանխարգելման նպատակով խորհուրդ է տրվում վարել առողջ ապրելակերպ, դրսևորել ամենօրյա ֆիզիկական ակտիվություն, զբոսանք, ինչպես նաև օգտվել քայլ առ քայլ, դանդաղ նիհարելուն ուղղված ցածր կամ շատ ցածր կալորիականությամբ սննդակարգերից, որոնց ընտրությունը կախված է հիվանդի մոտ առկա հարակից հիվանդություններից: Մեթոդի ընտրությունը պետք է կատարի բժիշկը: Դեղորայքային բուժումը թույլ է տալիս հասնել լավ արդյունքի այն հիվանդների մոտ, որոնք ոչ դեղորայքային մեթոդների հանդեպ կայուն են: Մարմնի քաշը նվազեցնող մեծաթիվ դեղամիջոցներ կան, սակայն դրանցից թույլատրված է նշանակել միայն 3-ը: Դրանք են սիբուտրամինը, օրլիստատը և ֆենտերմինը: Վերջիններիս ընտրությունը և նշանակումը պետք է կատարվեն միայն բժշկի կողմից: Խորհուրդ չի տրվում կիրառել նիհարեցնող ազդեցություն ունեցող բուսական ծագման հավելումները՝ վերջիններիս զանազան կողմնակի ազդեցությունների պատճառով: Այս հոդվածը գրվել է ոչ միայն գիտական նպատակով, այլ նաև այն նպատակ ունի իրազեկելու հայ հանրությանը քաշի նվազեցմանն ուղղված գրագետ, ճիշտ մեթոդներին, որոնք կարելի է կիրառել բժշկի հետ խորհրդակցելուց հետո միայն:
During last decades obesity got a pandemic character, which is a big problem all over the world and it demands a solution and follow up of these patients. There are effective methods to treat obesity, which not only improve quality of life, but also prevent many manifestations and complications of this disease. In most of the cases, for preventive purposes, it is recommended to lead a healthy lifestyle, practice daily physical activity, go for walks, as well as to use lowcalorie or very-low-calorie diets for gradual and slow weight loss the choice of which depends on presence of comorbidities. The doctor should make the choice of the method. Medicamentouse therapy of obesity helps to achieve good results among those patients who are resistant against non medicamentouse methods of weight loss. There are great many medicaments, which can decrease body weight, but only 3 medicaments are officially recommended to prescribe. These are sibutramine, orlistat and phentermine which can be chosen and prescribed only by a doctor. Weight loss supplements are not advised to use because of many side effects they can have. This article is written for not only scientific purposes, but also aims to inform the Armenian public about competent, correct weight loss methods that can be applied only after consulting a doctor.
Нейроны – детекторы движения в экстрастриарной области 21б коры головного мозга кошки
Authors: Хачванкян Д. К. , Меликсетян А. А. , Казарян А. Л. , Арутюнян-Козак Б. А.
Published: December 2022

Տեսողական ֆիզիոլոգիայում երկար ժամանակ գերակայում էր այն կարծիքը, որ տեսողական նեյրոնների հատկությունների օրինաչափությունները, ի պատասխան տեսողական դաշտում շարժվող գրգռիչների ներկայության, ձևավորվում են՝ անշարժ գրգռիչներով որոշված նեյրոնի ընկալման դաշտի կառուցվածքով պայմանավորված: Այնուամենայնիվ, այս ուսումնասիրության մեջ ներկայացված փորձերի արդյունքները ցույց են տվել, որ էքստրաստրիար կեղևային 21բ դաշտում գոյություն ունի նեյրոնների փոքր խումբ, որոնք չեն արձագանքում անշարժ գրգռիչներին, մինչդեռ ինտենսիվ արձագանքում են շարժվող տեսողական գրգռիչներին: Այս նեյրոնների պատասխանների օրինաչափությունների մանրամասն ուսումնասիրությունը՝ տարբեր ձև, կոնտրաստ և շարժման օրիենտացիա ունեցող շարժվող գրգռիչների կիրառմամբ, բացահայտեց մուտք գործող տեսողական ինֆորմացիայի դիվերսիֆիկացման շատ բարձր աստիճան: Ենթադրվում է, որ այս նեյրոնները խիստ մասնագիտացված են տեսադաշտում շարժվող օբյեկտների հայտնաբերման և կենտրոնական մշակման գործում:
In visual physiology, for a long time, the prevailing opinion was that the patterns of properties of visual neurons in response to the presence of moving stimuli in the visual field depend on the structure of the neuron's receptive field determined by stationary stimuli. However, the results of the experiments presented in this study showed that there is a small group of neurons in extrastriate cortical 21b field that do not respond to stationary stimuli, while showing an intense response to moving visual stimuli. A detailed study of the response patterns of these neurons using moving stimuli of different shape, contrast, and motion orientation revealed a very high degree of diversification of incoming visual information. These neurons are thought to be highly specialized in the detection and central processing of moving objects in the visual field.
Effect of Education on Women’s Autonomy in Financial Household Decision-making in Afghanistan
Authors: Rashidi Aria
Published: December 2022

The research study explores the main factors shaping women’s autonomy in financial household decision-making in Afghanistan. This study uses data from the Central Statistics Organization of Afghanistan for 2014. The aim of the research is to conduct an empirical analysis of the main determinants of women’s autonomy in financial household decision-making covering 34 provinces of Afghanistan. The methodology employed in investigating the effect of each factor is the Multinomial Logistic estimation technique. In addition, women’s autonomy relating to expenditure on food, purchasing, and visiting family has been studied. Findings of the study reveal that education has a significant negative effect on women’s participation in financial household decision-making in Afghanistan. In most cases, agricultural employment tends to empower women in terms of financial household decision-making and their autonomy in terms of visiting family, purchasing food, and expenditure. However, other types of employment, including business employment, significantly decrease women’s autonomy in household decision-making. Also, provinces that aren't safe make it much harder for women to make their own financial decisions for their households. In terms of education, it cannot be concluded that education does not play any role in empowering women. Indeed, it plays a vital role in the overall development of the country. Awareness building program, security and health care services from government might be suggested for the bright future of the women in Afghanistan.