bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modal Analysis of a Lightweight Engine Hood Design Considering Stamping Effects
Authors: Zhang Jun , Shen Guo Zhe , Du Yu , Hu Ping
Published: March 2013

Modal frequency distribution of automotive structures or sub-structures is an important factor affecting the NVH performance. During lightweight optimizations of a part, the modal characteristics of the new design is often kept the same as those of the reference design to ensure that the NVH performance is not degraded. However, the effects of the part manufacturing process on the modal parameters are usually ignored in the design stage. In this study, four alternative designs of replacing the original steel hood of a passenger car with lightweight aluminum material are proposed. The stamping process (drawing, trimming and springback) of the inner and outer panels of the hood with both steel and aluminum designs is simulated in DYNAFORM. Once the residual stress, residual strain and thickness change of the panels during the stamping process are identified, a modal analysis is conducted on the four alternative designs. The obtained natural frequency data are compared with the natural frequencies of the body-in-white as well as the common excitation frequencies of the engine. It is shown that, due to parameter changes in the stamping process, the modal frequencies of the final manufactured part drift away from the original design before stamping. It is thus critical to take stamping effects into account when determining the optimal lightweight design of the hood.
Research on the Sintering Process of the Fe-Al-WC Composite Materials
Authors: Liu Nian , Zhang Guo Dong , Ren Guang
Published: March 2013

Fe-Al-WC composite materials were synthesized via Spark Plasma Sintering process. These obtained Fe-Al-WC composite materials have a nearly full density and uniform hardness distribution. SPS parameters namely relative atomic ratio of WC, sintering temperature and axial pressure were optimized through gray relational analysis with the considerations of multiple performance characteristics including average and mean square deviation of the micro hardness of every sample and their volume density. The result indicated that this SPS process could be improved effectively through this approach, which was useful in the optimization of SPS parameters for synthesizing Fe-Al-WC composite materials.
Deposition Mechanism and Wear Resistance Nano Ni-Al2O3 Composite Coatings
Authors: Jiang Dong Mei , Shen Ying , Zhang Wei Jun , Liu Tie Jun
Published: March 2013

Nano Ni-Al2O3 composite coatings were prepared on pure copper substrate. The surface morphology and distribution of nano-particles of coatings were observed by SEM, the components of the coatings analyzed by X-ray diffractometer, and the microhardness of coatings tested by HXD-1000 microhardness tester. The microstructure of nano Ni-Al2O3 composite coating was different from that of the electrodeposited nickel coatings. The inserted Al2O3 particle can effectively hinder the growth of crystals. The microhardness of composite coatings around the inserted particles was much higher than that of electrodeposited nickel coatings. The more the size of Al2O3 decreased, the more the microhardness and wear resistance of the composite coatings increased.
Structure and Magnetostriction of PrxTb1-xFe1.9Ti0.1 Alloys
Authors: Liu He Yan , Liu Guo Dong , Li Ying , Luo Hong Zhi , Zhang Shao Ling , Chen Jing Lan , Wu Guang Heng
Published: March 2013

The structure and magnetostriction have been investigated for PrxTb1-xFe1.9Ti0.1 alloys by means of the X-ray diffraction phase analysis, vibrating sample magnetometer, and standard strain gauge technique. Comparing the structure of bulk and annealed samples, it can be found that the annealing treatment is of benefit to the formation of single phase with MgCu2-type crystal structure when x0.3. The magnetization at the maximal magnetic field decreases rapidly with increasing Pr content. The magnetostriction for Pr0.2Tb0.8Fe1.9Ti0.1 annealed sample at 900kA/m is 1733ppm. The magnetostriction for PrxTb1-xFe1.9Ti0.1 alloys at 900kA/m also decreases with increasing Pr content.
Effect of Solid Solution Treatment on Fatigue Behavior of Cast Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Yang You , Wu Hua , Xuan Zhao Feng
Published: March 2013

The effects of solid solution treatment on high cycle fatigue behavior of cast magnesium alloy AZ91D were investigated using an up-and-down load method. High cycle fatigue tests were carried out up to 107cycles at a stress ratio R=0.1 and frequency of 90Hz on specimens using a high frequency fatigue machine. The results showed that the fatigue strength of cast AZ91D magnesium alloy increase from 54.5Mpa to 71.5Mpa after solid solution treatment (T4) at 415°C, keeping temperature 16hours. The micro-fatigue fracture surface of alloy included fatigue initiation area, fatigue crack propagation area and fatigue fracture area. Fatigue crack of the alloys initiate principally at inclusions and shrinks under subsurface. The fatigue fracture of test specimens show the rupture characteristics of quasi-cleavage(as-cast alloy) and toughness(T4 alloy), respectively.
Influence of Parameters on Macro/Micro-Structure of TC11 Alloy by Laser Direct Deposition
Authors: Gong Xin Yong , Liu Ming Kun , Liu Yan Tao , Zhang Yong Zhong
Published: March 2013

Understanding the effect of process parameters on microstructure is crucial to control or optimize microstructure for laser direct deposition process. Four thin-wall samples of TC11 titanium alloy are deposited with different process parameters. They showed different macro/micro-structure and mechanical properties. The reason is analyzed by temperature field of samples which are simulated by ANSYS software. Results show that, deposition with low laser power and slow scanning speed is conducive to reducing molten pool temperature and soaking time in β-phase region, refining original β grain and improving the plastic properties of the deposited parts. Deposition with high laser power and rapid scanning speed, combined with interlayer stay, is helpful to increase the cooling rate within α+β phase region, refine intragranular α lamellar and improve the tensile strength of deposited parts.
Study on Curly Elastic Properties of Variational Cashmere about Different Breeds
Authors: Li Long , Yang Jian Zhong
Published: March 2013

Due to improved seed selection, changes in the natural environment and rearing methods and changes in the subjective and objective factors. Recent years, the curly elastic properties of cashmere fibers also occurs a certain degree of variation. Curly elastic properties affect the spinnability of the spinning, yarn pilling performance and fabric pilling performance, therefore the curly elastic properties of the variational cashmere fiber is very important to study. The curly elastic properties of the sheep species variational cashmere fiber, non-variant cashmere fiber, Australian superfine wool fibers were tested in this article. By the analysis of the data, the article obtained the variation of four variational cashmere fiber (coarse fiber, the dimorphic fiber, two fine fiber, cashmere fiber). The tests showed, for ewes, the coarse fiber’s curl, crimp recovery rate is creased significantly, the number of dimorphic fiber curl significantly lower. For rams, the two fine fiber curl, crimp modulus of elasticity and curl the response rate has significantly improved. With rams, ewes, the dimorphic fiber curl were significantly higher than non-variant cashmere.
Cross-Sectional Damage Localization and Quantification for Steel Cables Using MFL 3D Imaging Technique
Authors: Lee Dong Hwan , Kim Ju Won , Lee Chang Gil , Park Seung Hee , Lee Jong Jae
Published: March 2013

In this study, a MFL (Magnetic Flux Leakage) based 3D inspection system which is incorporated into a cable climbing robot was investigated to monitor the healthy condition of steel cables. Firstly, a MFL sensor head prototype composed of two permanent magnets and eight hall sensors was designed and fabricated. A steel cable specimen with several types of damage, such as corrosion and cutting, was inflicted and scanned by the MFL sensor head to measure the magnetic flux density of the specimen. The measured MFL signals were used to interpret the healthy condition of the steel cable. For improving the resolution and quantification of the damage level, digital signal processing techniques were performed. In addition, the measured MFL signals were visualized into a 3D MFL map for real-time and online cable monitoring. This visualized MFL map can provide the information about location, shape and size of damages very intuitively. Finally, the results were compared with information on actual inflicted damages to confirm the accuracy and effectiveness of the MFL based cable inspection system.
Tracking Voltage Flicker Envelope Using Cumalant-Based RLS Algorithm with Variable Forgetting Factor
Authors: Chen Xiao Dong , Ma Qian , Qu Zu Yi , Liu Miao , Jin Xiao Ming , Li Da Lu , Chen Han
Published: March 2013

The cumalant-based RLS algorithm with variable forgetting factor is introduced in this paper as effective approach for tracking the voltage flicker envelope. The improved RLS algorithm uses the fourth-order cumulant-based mean-squared-error (MSE) criterion in place of correlation-based MSE criterion, in order to suppress the Gaussian noise. For tracking nonstationary voltage flicker waveform, variable forgetting factor (VFF) can be applied to adjust the tracking performance and convergence performance of algorithm. Two cases of flicker with constant amplitude and frequency and varying amplitude and frequency are used to verify the performance of algorithm.
The Realization of the Substation Operation Training System Based on Configuration Database
Authors: Jiang Hao , Yang Zhi Qiang , Kong Piao Hong , Hong Li
Published: March 2013

Novel substation training system is developed based on configuration database constituted of three parts: user layer, communication interface and configuration database. The substation equipment module’s graphic files in the configuration database are categorized and easily created. Thus the development of different substation training system is convenient and expandable.
Augmented Reality-Based Embedded Sensor Location Recognition and Data Visualization Technique for Concrete Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Park Woong Ki , Kim Hyun Uk , Lee Chang Gil , Park Seung Hee
Published: March 2013

In recent years, numerous mega-sized and complex civil infrastructures are being constructed all over the world. Therefore, more precise construction and maintenance technologies are required for these complicated construction projects. So a variety of sensors-based structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques have been studied, but these techniques could not manage the sensors efficiently access the database obtained from the sensors. Recently, Quick response (QR) code and AR-based data access technologies have been developed. In this paper, an AR-based concrete curing strength monitoring technique for sensor management and efficient access of the measured data is introduced. It is confirmed that the AR-based concrete curing strength monitoring technique is useful for construction process. In addition, it is concluded that both efficient sensor location recognition and data visualization at anytime, anywhere, and any smart PC devices are promising.
Analysis of Effects of High Temperature and Shear Stress on Asphalt Binder
Authors: Cao Phu Cuong , Guo Zhong Yin , Yang Yong Shun , Xue Zhi Chao
Published: March 2013

The objective of this study is to analyze and determine the features of asphalt binder under the simultaneous effect of high temperature and shear stress. Based on the theory of viscoelasticity, the dynamic shear rheology test is used as study method. Meanwhile, study subjects are AH70 asphalt, SBS modified asphalt and MAC modified asphalt. Study objective is to analyze the effects of both high temperature and loading frequency on asphalt binder in asphalt mixture. The result shows that temperature increases have great influence on asphalt binder, which are shown by the variation of parameters quickly decrease. Asphalt binder is mainly influenced by temperature changes while changes in shear stress take very little effect on asphalt binder properties like complex modulus, complex viscosity as well as rutting resistance parameter.
Slope Stability Analysis under Drawdown Conditions Using Strength Reduction Technique Based on Fast Lagrangian Method
Authors: Yan Liu Bin , Su Guo Shao , Jiang Jian Qing , Ding Lei
Published: March 2013

The stability of the slope under the conditions of drawdown quickly and drawdown gradually of water level is analyzed using strength reduction method based on fast Lagrangian method in three dimension. Results of study show that the method is feasible. For the slope on the side of river, the value of safety factor of the slope become less and less when the speed of drawdown of water lever become faster and faster. Thus, the working condition with the maximum speed of drawdown of water lever should be the controlling working condition for stability analysis of slope on the side of river. Furthermore, ratio of water depth and height of slope also has neglected impacts on the stability of slope and potential slip surface of slope under the condition of drawdown of water lever.
Study on Distributive Control Proposal of Jin-Yi Intercity Rail
Authors: Yang Qing , Li Xiao Li , Lin Ling , Zhao Xiao Ming , Qiu Xin
Published: March 2013

This study was focused on Jin-Yi intercity rail line as a specific object. Three proposal options were designed through Jinhua traffic survey, Yiwu and main township between them, which aimed at the largest population coverage along the station passenger, the widest attract range and the minimum total cost. The first proposal was recommended after comparison. The option location of the 2nd to 4th station from start site was analyzed in the first proposal, considering passengers, demolition amount, transfer shuttle and impact of urban development. Distributive control of the first proposal was complete after determining station location of the intercity township and within Yiwu city. The intercity rail transit construction will benefit for the complementary advantages of Jin-Yi area as the 4th City in Zhejiang and the one hour living circle formation, further promoting the economic and social development between the intercity.
Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Grass and Weed in Acidic Andosol
Authors: Wu En , Xin Guo Rong , Sugawara Kazuo
Published: March 2013

With the aggravation of volcanic ash Andosol acidification, artificial forage grass Dactylis glomerata L. gradual degradation, replaced by weed plant Anthoxanthum odoratum L., but the mechanism is unclear. In order to reveal the mechanism, this study used Andosol soil as matrix, explored the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on D. glomerata and A. odoratum at different pH gradients in acidic Andosol by glasshouse experiment. The results show that the mycorrhizal colonization of D. glomerata strongly affected by soil pH, but the A. odoratum was not yet. The mycorrhizal symbiosis led to a positive effect on growth and P uptake of D. glomerata and A. odoratum. Consider to invasion and expansion of A. odoratum in severity acidic pasture is origin of this specificity on arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in acidic soil other than D. glomerata.
Eco-Clothing Development Based on Energy Saving and Multi-Functional Transformation
Authors: Wang Wei Zhen , Yu Shu Lian , Liu Xu , Shao Bing , Wang Ya Zhen
Published: March 2013

In view of the product development situation in the apparel industry characterized by high consumption of raw materials, the author proposes to use raw materials for one garment to satisfy the function of raw materials for two or more garments. By determining the orientation of experimental products through market research, and using pattern transformation technology experiment of garments and related supplies, the author has designed and made the combination enabling mutual transformation of outdoor clothing and outdoor tent, thus extended the ecological philosophy of garment product development. Furthermore, the author leads consumers to ecological consumption through the eco-product development, and gives suggestions on virtuous cycle of low-carbon production and consumption in the apparel industry.
A Health Monitoring Method Based on Multivariate State Estimation Technique
Authors: Peng Jian , Xiao Wei Dong , Huang Xiu Pin
Published: March 2013

The monitor of lithium-ion battery health is becoming a challenge because the performance of battery is effect by many environment factors. To address this problem, a new health monitor method based on Multivariate State Estimation Technique (MSET) and Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) is proposed in this paper. In order to demonstrate the performance gain of the method, a detailed experiment is performed based on a lithium-ion battery. By the comparison of performance parameters actual residuals and healthy residuals driven from the training data based on MSET, the fault detection can be implemented based on the SPRT.
Design of Service Robot for Rescue Operations
Authors: Jánoš Rudolf , Koukolová Lucia , Tuleja Peter
Published: March 2013

Rescue service robots find their application mainly in high-risk environments and situations such as fires, floods, earthquakes, rescue of humans, or in different kinds of geographic and operational disaster. Rescue service robots in the area are considered as expensive experiment. Among the most important requirements of a service robot is the mobility in heterogeneous environments. This paper describes the method of design and simulation of leg-wheel chassis for service robot.
Incorporation, Programming and Use of an ABB Robot for the Operations of Palletizing and Depalletizing at an Academic Research Oriented to Intelligent Manufacturing Cell
Authors: Holubek Radovan , Velíšek Karol
Published: March 2013

The current trend of the final product quality increasing is affected by time analysis of the entire manufacturing process The primary requirement of manufacturing is to produce as many products as soon as possible, at the lowest possible cost, but of course with the highest quality. Such requirements may be satisfied only if all the elements entering and affecting the production cycle are in a fully functional condition. These elements consist of sensory equipment and intelligent control elements that are essential for building intelligent manufacturing systems. Intelligent manufacturing system itself should be a system that can flexibly respond to changes in entering and exiting the process in interaction with the surroundings. Philosophy that we apply to solve the problem rise from intelligent assembly cell by building on our institute of manufacturing systems and applied mechanics Essential philosophy is integrate of interconnection between palletizing- depalletizing robot and Intelligent assembly system by the means mobile robot Robotino.
Analysis of Deployment Methods on Euro-Pallet
Authors: Kravec Dušan , Tolnay Marian , Baďo Juraj
Published: March 2013

In this article is given analysis of palletizing deployment methods according to EURO type of pallet for prism – shaped and cylinder – shaped objects. All calculations, algorithms and deployment methods from this analysis are implemented in the small application made in Java programming language. Those deployment methods and calculations are described in this article. Flowcharts are showing procedures, calculations and conditions for better understanding of evaluation process. In the last part of the article are results from the analysis. Analysis is also focused on efficient usage of EURO pallets loading area.
The Analysis and Design Study of High Speed Robotic Devices
Authors: Havlík Štefan , Hricko Jaroslav
Published: March 2013

The problem of multi d.o.f. positioning devices based on compact compliant kinematic mechanisms is to guarantee the desired positional accuracy in static and especially in dynamic modes of operation. The study of accuracy and performance analysis of high speed devices is made in this paper. The influence of differences between stiffness and damping coefficients in actuated directions as well as mutual cross couplings between them are discussed in details and performance characteristics of such complex systems are simulated. As proposed the problem of improving accuracy can be solved by insertion of the compensation member into control system that could be integrated in parallel or serial way. The presented approach enables to verify the dynamical range of operation for small / micro positioning devices performing precise trajectory following tasks.
Supervisory Level of Managing of Automated Assembly Workplace
Authors: Zahoranský Robert
Published: March 2013

Department of Automation and Production Systems is aimed at the problem of computer aid and automation in engineering industry with emphasis on NC/CNC machines and robots programming, CAx systems and microelectronics and microcomputers practical application in industrial practice. The new specialised laboratory workplaces are building at our department to improve education process. The article presents actual state of building of the automated assembly laboratory workplace. The attention is aimed at the problem of the workplace control.
Modelling and Systemic Analysis of Models of Dynamic Systems of Shaft Machining
Authors: Świć Antoni , Zubrzycki Jarosław , Taranenko Victor
Published: March 2013

The specifics of modelling the dynamic system of turning as well as straight and plunge grinding of low rigidity shafts is presented in the paper. Methodology of developing models while machining shafts in elastic-deformable condition is shown. The specifics of processing of low rigidity elements is taken into account by introducing equations of constraint reflecting additional elastic strain in equation describing the control force effect. Systemic analysis of the developed models is performed and main hierarchical structure levels are given.
Modelling Maintenance and Renewal in Petri Nets
Authors: Pešková Alena
Published: March 2013

Abstract. In this contribution we are dealing with simulation techniques for efficient use of computing of the schedule of the process of maintenance and renewal. Maintenance and renewal process is modelled on the basis of Petri nets. Thanks to this approach we can simulate the process of improving the maintenance in order to optimize key criteria of renewal and maintenance. The proposed solution is demonstrated on two illustrative examples.
Some Aspects of Design and Construction of an Automated Guided Vehicle
Authors: Zajac Jerzy , Slota Adam , Krupa Krzysztof , Wiek Tomasz , Chwajol Grzegorz , Małopolski Waldemar
Published: March 2013

The paper presents mechanical, safety and positioning aspects of design of a three-wheel, battery powered, automated guided vehicle. AGV is driven by a DC motor integrated with the wheel. The chosen kinematic structure is compact and assures a high degree of maneuverability. Principles of operation and general capabilities of safety laser scanner SICK S300 were discussed. AGV is equipped with laser localization system SICK NAV300. The paper presents some issues concerning implementation of this equipment in the AGV built at the Production Engineering Institute of Cracow University of Technology.
Parallel Mechanism and its Application in Design of Machine Tool with Numerical Control
Authors: Poppeova Viera , Bulej Vladimir , Zahoranský Robert , Uríček Juraj
Published: March 2013

This paper describes the design of machine tool based on the mechanism with parallel kinematic structure (PKS) called hexapod. The advantages of mechanisms with PKS predetermine them to the field of machining and robotics. Machine tool is designed like fully automated device contains system for automatic tool and part changing too. There was necessary to solve also a question of operation safety according to the real risk of injury. Some information about the design process, main requirements, the problems and the final solution can be found in this paper.
Specialised Robotic Hand Designing and Object Grasping Simulation
Authors: Kumičáková Darina , Jakubčík Martin
Published: March 2013

New Trend in the Specialised Robotic Hand Designing is Accelerated by Requirements on both Flexible and Intelligent Automated Manipulation with Objects of Different Types. Increasingly more Sophisticated Simulation Tools for Robotic Hand 3D Model Testing are Developed by Research Teams on the Whole World. the Article Presents the Methodology of the Robotic Hand Simulation Model Creation with the Goal to Test its Ability to Grasp the Object.
Thermodynamic Behaviour of the Solar Updraft Tower: A Parametric Model for System Sizing
Authors: Cottam Patrick , Duffour Philippe , Fromme Paul
Published: March 2013

The solar updraft tower (SUT) concept is an exciting renewable technology with the potential to deliver high power output. A comprehensive SUT sizing computer model has been developed to determine power output and thus appropriate system dimensions for different ambient conditions. The efficient thermodynamic model performs steady-state macro-scale simulations incorporating radiation and natural convection heat transfer mechanisms. The solar collector is simulated as a discretised, axisymmetric, radial system composed of thermal components. A set of linear simultaneous equations describes the heat exchanged between these components and is solved by matrix inversion. The short computation time of the model makes it ideal for parametric analysis of SUT plants across a range of dimensions. The thermodynamic performance of the collector proves to be a limiting factor of system power output. Results from the model show that for given chimney dimensions, there is a maximum collector size beyond which no further useful heat is added to the air as the system has reached thermal equilibrium. Therefore the only way to increase power output further is to increase chimney height and diameter as well as extending the collector diameter.
Energy from Convective Vortices
Authors: Michaud Louis , Monrad Brian
Published: March 2013

An atmospheric vortex engine (AVE) uses an artificially created tornado like vortex to capture the mechanical energy produced during upward heat convection. The vortex is created by admitting warm or humid air tangentially into a circular arena with an open top. The heat source can be solar energy, warm sea water, warm humid air or waste heat. The AVE has the same thermodynamic basis as the solar chimney except that the physical chimney is replaced by centrifugal force in a vortex. The energy is produced in peripheral turbo-generators. The AVE has a large clean and sustainable energy production potential and a small footprint. The paper describes the proposed process and its thermodynamics basis. It then describes progress made to date and current development plans of AVEtec Energy Corporation including economics and plans for commercialization.
Effects of Non-Uniform Hot Junction Temperature Distribution on the Outputs of Thermoelectric Power Generation System
Authors: Admasu Bimrew Tamrat , Luo Xiao Bing , Yao Jia Wei , Ming Ting Zhen
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Besides the material property and dimensional optimization of the thermoelectric module, temperature distribution uniformity on the hot junction of the module surface highly affects the outputs of the thermoelectric power generation system. This paper reports the findings on the effects of non-uniform input temperature distribution on the performance of thermoelectric power generation system. To assure the investigation, heat transfer model and finite element formulation of thermoelectric module having non-linear material property have been developed. In addition to the experimental data from a real thermoelectric device, thermoelectric power generation system modeling and simulation using finite element packaging ANSYS software was carried out. For the simulation, temperature dependent thermoelectric material properties such as the Seebeck coefficient, thermal and electrical conductivity have been considered. The experimental and simulation results indicate that keeping the temperature distribution uniform on the hot junction of the thermoelectric module results higher efficiency, higher power, voltage and current outputs than the non-uniform temperature distribution.
Transient Simulation Method for Autorotation in Forward Flight
Authors: Kim Hak Yoon
Published: March 2013

This paper describes the Transient Simulation Method (TSM) which predicts the steady state and performance of autorotation in forward flight. Flapping and rotational equations of motion are integrated from an arbitrary initial rotor speed, and the steady state of autorotation is obtained as a periodic solution through a transient process. The induced velocity field update method and the average thrust, lift, and drag computations during the transition are described in detail. TSM is then applied to the model rotor to validate the feasibility. High speed autorotation is simulated using an aerodynamic data set that is analyzed by the two-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes Solver. Rotor speed variation for increases in airspeed at low shaft angle is presented and discussed. When TSM is used with sophisticated aerodynamic data analyzed as functions of the blade angle of attack, the Reynolds number, and the Mach number, the autorotation range for the collective pitch, velocity, and shaft angle can be reasonably explored.
Wind Energy Conversion System Power Forecasting Using Radial Basis Function Neural Network
Authors: Chang Wen Yeau
Published: March 2013

An accurate forecasting method for wind power generation of the wind energy conversion system (WECS) can help the power system’s operator to reduce the risk of unreliability of electricity supply. This paper proposed a radial basis function (RBF) neural network method to forecast the wind power generation of WECS. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the method is tested on the practical information of wind power generation of a WECS. The good agreements between the realistic values and forecasting values are obtained; the numerical results show that the proposed forecasting method is accurate and reliable.
The Analysis and Application of Architectural Meteorology for Low Carbon Buildings in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Yu Sheng , Liao Huey Yan , Lu Wen Hung , Liao Chi Chang
Published: March 2013

In order to decrease the impacts of climate changes and global warming on the environment, many countries have started the zero carbon or low carbon researches to decrease the production of CO2. The government of Taiwan also follows the trend in conserving energy and decreasing carbon production and develops a “low carbon island” demonstration plan. The energy consumption of a building is closely linked to the climates of its location. Therefore, studying the local climates is the foundation of low carbon building design. However, the meteorological data collected for general purposes do not provide detailed sorting and time selection for building design. Therefore, it is important to create an architectural meteorological database specially for building design. In this research, we created an architectural meteorological database for Liuqiu island, an off-shore island in the “low carbon island” plan of Taiwan. Using this database, the building designer can improve the natural ventilation design of the building to decrease the usage of air conditioning and the goal of low carbon building can be achieved easily.
Local Characteristics of Light-Framed Wood Buildings in Preparation for Wind Load
Authors: Ahn Kug Jin , Baek Cheong Hoon
Published: March 2013

Wind loads like typhoon and hurricane inflict numerous personal damages and tremendous property damages each year, and such wind loads are recognized as critical element for development of construction methods for the counteraction against them in consideration of climatic environments of buildings. While 2×4 construction system which burgeoned from North American and has been supplied throughout the world is recognized for its effectiveness, there has been no clear identification on how this system has adapted itself for wind loads in local conditions. This study has the purpose to clarify the local performance of 2×4 construction system through comparison of 6 countries on how this system has changed and is taking counteractions for wind loads the major climatic element. In this study, comparative analysis was conducted on the foundation, bottom, wall and joints of 2×4 construction system of each region to take counteractions against wind loads, and finally through summary of them, 2×4 construction system for counteraction against wind load was proposed.
A Risk-Based Approach to Determine the Optimal Service Life of Steel Buildings in Seismically Active Zones
Authors: Chiu Chien Kuo , Chang Heui Yung
Published: March 2013

The object of this study is to propose, develop and apply a risk-based approach to determine the optimal service life for steel framed buildings in seismically active zones. The proposed framework uses models for seismic hazards, structural fragility and loss functions to estimate the system-wide costs owing to earthquake retrofitting and recovery. With the seismic risk curves (i.e. the expected seismic loss and probability of exceeding the loss), the optimal service life can be determined according to the probable maximum loss (PML) defined by the building’s owner. The risk-based approach is further illustrated by examples of 6- and 20-story steel framed buildings. The buildings have three kinds of different lateral load resisting systems, including moment resisting frames, eccentrically braced frames and buckling restrained braced frames. The results show that for the considered PML (i.e. 40% initial construction cost) and risk acceptance (e.g. 90% reliability), steel braced frames can effectively improve seismic fragility and lengthen service life for a low-rise building. However, the same effects cannot be expected in a high-rise building.
The Evaluation of River Conditions in the Lanyang Plain through the River Ecological Corridor Approach
Authors: Hsieh Hung Ren
Published: March 2013

The core goal of space management in the Yilan Area is the sustainable development of the eco-environment. To form an ecological corridor network in Yilan, we need to improve the quality of river ecosystems. Our research evaluates the river conditions in the Lanyang Plain using the river ecological corridor evaluation system. The results of this research, as well as a review of the future planning and design of river constructions, show that the quality of most river eco-environments in the Lanyang Plain are either in fair or in poor condition as evaluated by the river ecological corridor evaluation system. The causes of poor quality river ecological corridors include non-ecological hydraulic engineering constructions, the over use of the floodplain area and the establishment of non-ecological bike paths parallel to the river. We suggest that the guidelines of space management for the rivers in the Yilan area should steer towards ecological orientated engineering with no interference in the river area, and that the recreation facilities using the river should be that of point contact rather than a parallel connection.
Environmental Sustainability Assessment Based on the Concept of Carbon Carrying Capacity
Authors: Lee Byeon Gho , Lee Kyuin
Published: March 2013

Most of sustainability assessment tools for urban development planning do not provide any quantitative framework in terms of measuring the conceptual idea of “Carbon-neutral”. These tools generally use the scoring methodology by sum up points in various check lists for environmental sustainability. For planners, assessment of environmental sustainability should offer a simple and quantitative framework for measuring environmental resource uses and loads in order to develop planning alternatives under the limited natural conditions. The concept of carrying capacity needs to be understood as maximum loads to a limited environment, and the balance of CO2 emissions, uptakes, and offsetting acts as the most important quantitative indicators assessing environmental sustainability in terms of the conceptual idea of “Carbon-neutral”. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate theories of the concept of “Carbon Carrying Capacity”, and to propose an assessment tool for measuring environmental sustainability based on the concept of Carbon Carrying Capacity. To present case study results, a high-density and mixed-use development project was chosen located in Kwangmyung-si near Seoul. Results indicated the baseline of Carbon Carrying Capacity was estimated at 0.48tCO2/capita•yr and possibilities of achieving environmental sustainability by the development planning alternatives.
Improved Functional Approach on Hip Joint Center Estimation
Authors: Lin Hsien I , Chen Chi Li , Chiang Yi Pin
Published: March 2013

Finding the hip joint center (HJC) is crucial in human gait analysis since it affects kinematics and kinetics calculation of human lower limbs. Currently, the HJC location is found by either functional or prediction approaches. Prediction approaches simply use the pelvic geometric parameters to predict the HJC location. Functional approaches have been verified that they are more accurate than prediction methods with sufficient range of motion (ROM) data. However, for patients with locomotion problems to conduct full-ROM data, this paper proposes a method to fuse the functional and prediction approaches to have an intermediate result with less ROM data. The proposed method simulates large ROM data for the functional method to obtain an accurate HJC. We tested and verified the proposed method on three male subjects at the age of 25 with different body-mass indices. The experiment showed that the worst result of the proposed method was at least the same as that predicted by the prediction approach. While larger ROM data was applied, our result was significantly improved.
Motion Planning of Multiple Pattern Formation for Mobile Robots
Authors: Guo J. Hung , Lin Yung Chin , Su Kuo Lan , Li Bo Yi
Published: March 2013

The article designs the multiple pattern formation controls of the multi-robot system according to two arms’ gesture of the player, and uses flood fill searching algorithm and A* searching algorithm to program the motion paths. The inertia module detects two arms’ gesture of the player. We use the inertia module to be embedded in the two arms, and use mobile robots to present the movement scenario of pattern formation exchange on the grid based motion platform. We have been developed some pattern formations applying in the war game, such as rectangle pattern formation, long snake pattern formation, L pattern formation, sword pattern formation, cone pattern formation and so on. We develop the user interface for variety pattern formation exchange according to the minimum displacement on the supervised computer. The mobile robot receives the command from the supervised compute, and transmits the status of environment to the supervised computer via wireless RF interface. Players can use variety arms’ gesture to control the multiple mobile robots to executed pattern formation exchange. In the experimental results, the supervised computer can decides the arm gesture using fusion algorithms. Mobile robots can receive the pattern formation command from the supervised computer, and change the original pattern formation to the assigned pattern formation on the motion platform, and avoid other mobile robots.
pH Value Detection with CLPFG Sensor
Authors: Chiang Chia Chin , Hsu Cheung Hwa , Ou Chao Hui
Published: March 2013

Detection of pH value plays an important role in many fields; the precise measurement of pH value is very useful in Living systems, Chemistry and Biochemistry. The purpose of this paper is to measure pH value in solution by using Corrugated Long Period Fiber Grating (CLPFG). The CLPFG element is highly sensitive to refractive index changes, and with appropriate design geometry; a variety of target molecules can then be detected. Optical fiber Corrugated Long Period Gratings are designed to act as spectral loss elements that couple with a discrete wavelength out of the optical fiber as a function of the surrounding refractive index. By applying special coating that change refractive index with absorption of target molecules to the CLPFG surface, it became a transducer for chemical measurement. In this paper, it has shown the incorporation of Polyvinyl Alcohol and Polycyclic Acid (PVA-PAA) with Corrugated Long Period Gratings for the development of a fiber optic-based pH sensor with the detection of pH range from 3 to 6. Optical fiber-based pH sensors offer numerous advantages in wastewater monitoring, remote blood diagnostics, bioremediation, as well as chemical and food processing.
Twisted-Overlap Differential-Pair Approach to Increase Available Layout Space and Reliability in PCB Design
Authors: Tuan Chiu Ching , Tan Sun Yen , Huang Wen Tzeng , Tseng Hung Li
Published: March 2013

Modern electronic products require many high-speed differential pairs which require more layout space in PCB design. We propose a twisted-overlap differential-pair (TODP) structure to obtain more routing space and achieve better signal integrity in this study. TODP reduces the layout space requirement by about 25% compared with that required by traditional differential pairs and the twisted differential lines (TDL) structure [2]. Based on an eye diagram performance the TODP design compared to the traditional and TDL designs can improve the peak-to-peak jitter by 26.5% and 12.2%, the overshoot by 14.3% and 2%, the undershoot by 18.8% and 5%, and the eye width by 2 and 1%, respectively. Our results indicate that TODP may be of great benefit in differential-pair PCB design.
Interleaved Soft-Switching Converter with L-C-D Snubber for Reflex Charger
Authors: Tseng Sheng Yu , Fan Shu Yuan
Published: March 2013

This paper presents a Reflex charger realized by N sets of interleaved soft-switching converters with L-C-D snubbers. The interleaved converters used for implementing the Reflex charging technique can be interleaved boost, interleaved buck-boost, and interleaved sepic converters. The use of the L-C-D snubber in each set of interleaved converter is to reduce turn-off switching losses, hence, to achieve higher conversion efficiencies of the interleaved converters and to extend the lifetime of rechargeable batteries. A prototype of Reflex charger with four sets of interleaved buck-boost con-verters is implemented for charging lead acid batteries of 12V. Experimental results show that the proposed circuit structure can generate the required positive/negative pulses for the Reflex charging.
Enhanced Artificial Intelligence Algorithm for Optimal Unit Commitment Problem
Authors: Huang Cong Hui
Published: March 2013

This paper applies the enhanced particle swarm optimization (EPSO) algorithm to solve the unit commitment problem, and compares the results obtained against previous work. EPSO can improve the search quality and also generate a better result through optimization, because ants produced randomly by the pheromone process are not necessary better. The proposed model uses combined carbon finance and spot market formulation, and help energy produces decide when these commitments could be beneficial.
Imperialist Competitive Algorithms with Perturbed Moves for Global Optimization
Authors: Lin Jun Lin , Cho Chun Wei , Chuan Hung Chjh
Published: March 2013

Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) is a new population-based evolutionary algorithm. Previous works have shown that ICA converges quickly but often to a local optimum. To overcome this problem, this work proposed two modifications to ICA: perturbed assimilation move and boundary bouncing. The proposed modifications were applied to ICA and tested using six well-known benchmark functions with 30 dimensions. The experimental results indicate that these two modifications significantly improve the performance of ICA on all six benchmark functions.
Solve the Routing Optimization Problems with Foraging Game Theory
Authors: Lin Chun Ta
Published: March 2013

In this research, we propose a Foraging_PSO algorithm, relative to the real competitive environment, to apply particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm in dynamic foraging game to solve the vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW). Meanwhile, under the hypothesis of group decision making in a foraging swarm and the hypothesis of each forager also is a predator of the other foragers, through decision selection in this foraging game, an analytical decision process can be obtained to support decision making.
Research on Cellular Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm and its Computational Experiments
Authors: Xiao Ren Bin , Wang Ying Cong
Published: March 2013

It is the research hotspot for evolutionary algorithms to solve the contradiction between exploration and exploitation. Cellular artificial bee colony (CABC) algorithm is proposed by combining cellular automata with artificial bee colony algorithm from the perspective of the neighborhood in this paper. Each bee in the population structure defined in CABC has a fixed position and can only interact with bees in its neighborhood. The overlap between neighborhoods of different bees may make a bee an employed bee in one neighborhood and an onlooker bee in another neighborhood and vice versa, which increases the diversity of the population. The neighborhood and evolutionary rule help to control the selection pressure effectively, and the improved search mechanism in artificial bee colony algorithm is proposed to enhance the local search ability. The experimental results tested on four benchmark functions show that CABC can further balance the relationship between exploration and exploitation when compared with three ABC-based algorithms.
A Web-Based Android Supervisory Control System
Authors: Tung Shu Chu , Li Wu Jeng , Huang Shih Miao
Published: March 2013

This paper designs a web-based Android supervisory control system. Android controller is used as a local controller to fit into a supervisory control framework. The framework includes a central server, a SMS device attached to the server, multiple local controllers, a remote control program and a ladder logic computer-aided design program. The Android controller contains an Android mobile phone, a Wi-Fi wireless access point, a switch hut (or NAT) and multiple data acquisition modules. The Android mobile phone enters TCP/IP LAN through the Wi-Fi access point. The data acquisition modules with TCP/IP interface are plugged into the LAN, and read/written by the Android mobile phone with Modbus TCP. The Android controller communicates with supervisory server with a specific m2m protocol which is based on http protocol. Once an Android controller is connected to the supervisory control framework, it can be monitored and controlled remotely with any browser. A web-based home security system is constructed to demonstrate the usage of the web-based Android supervisory control system. The control laws for the home security system are partially implemented with ladder logics designed with a computer-aided program in the framework. With a supervisory server serving multiple Android controllers, Cloud home security service is formed.
How to Enhance MIFARE System Security in the Current Crypto-1 Broken Status
Authors: Chiu Ying Ching , Horng Wen Bing
Published: March 2013

MIFARE is convenient contactless smart card, however a lot of studies recently indicated that, its encryption Crypto-1 can be broken. Even though the key authentication mechanism of MIFARE has been seriously affected, millions of MIFARE are still in use worldwide. Under the circumstances that, MIFARE card security vulnerability cannot be ignored while upgrading the MIFARE cards within a short period of time is impossible, it is practical to consider other ways to minimize the risk and possible damages.