bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Philippine Social Security System: An Evaluation Of Strategic Approach To Digital Services
Authors: Galang Glenn Mhar B. , Villa Elizabeth B.
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
 
This study was conducted to assess the digital services of the Philippine Social Security System in terms of processing of personal data, organizational measures, physical measures, and technical measures.    The research employed a descriptive-correlational approach, utilizing a questionnaire as the primary data gathering instrument. However, interviews among the 5 heads of the 5 biggest branches of SSS in the NCR were utilized to validate the data taken in the questionnaire among the 3 groups of respondents: BPOs (120), front-liners (180), and clients (1292). For BPOs and front-liners, complete enumeration was used, while convenience sampling was utilized for clients. Weighted mean and one-way ANOVA were used for the treatment of the data. The study revealed that all the indicators in all four variables were, on average, partially implemented. The seriousness of the encountered problems led to a highly recommended assessment of the presented solutions. Further investigation revealed no significant differences in assessment among the three groups of respondents.
The study's findings led to the conclusion that Philippine Social Security requires additional physical and electronic paperwork. Additionally, the Philippine Social Security System shares and exchanges personal data with other parties through digital channels. Furthermore, the corporate orientation course for newly hired or absorbed employees does not include security management, despite its availability. Finally, SSS has yet to use advanced technology to detect fake, altered, and fraudulent documents; hence, it still needs to use advanced technology to formulate a comprehensive data security manual to integrate digital measures against cybercrime.
Therefore, the study's findings and conclusions inform the following recommendations: Firstly, we should archive and retain physical or electronic documents containing personal data in secure and protected record rooms, offsite storage facilities, or receptacles or cabinets, in accordance with the issued policies. Second, only with prior consent or authority from the data subjects, a judicial order, or a data sharing agreement can we use digital platforms to disclose and share personal data with third parties. Third, newly hired or absorbed employees should include data security management in their corporate orientation course. Fourth, we should use advanced technology to detect fake, altered, and fraudulent documents. Finally, we should formulate a data security manual to incorporate digital measures against cybercrime.
Análise da situação da incidência de sífilis congênita e perfil epidemiológico materno em Santa Catarina entre 2020 e 2021
Authors: Onofre Cristiane Elias , Munari Tamara Bellettini , Miranda Vanessa Iribarrem Avena
Published: August 2024

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of congenital syphilis and the maternal epidemiological profile in the state of Santa Catarina in times of the pademic. Methodology: Quantitative research with a cros-sectional design with secondary data for the period 2020 and 2021. The outcome under study were the reported cases of congenital syphilis, and the exposure variables were maternal sociodemographic. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Descriptive analyzes were performed, presenting absolute and relative frequencies, with respective 95% confidence intervals. Results: The incidence of congenital syphilis in the year 2021 was 6.7 cases/1,000 live births, in 2020 it was 5.8 cases/1,000 live births. Cases were concentrated in the Midwest and Serra (10.7%) and Greater Florianópolis (8.8%) regions. Most mothers were between 20 and 34 years old (71.5%), lived in greater Florianópolis (23,5%), white skin color (82.7%), completed high school (49.1%). Most mothers performed prenatal care (89.5%) and were diagnosed with syphilis during prenatal care (69.5%), 16.1% performed the treatment properly and 69.6% of partners did not perform the prenatal care. With regard to the final evolution of newborns, (88.3%) had a favorable evolution, while 6.7% evolved to abortion, 3.5% died shortly after birth and 1.3% died of congenital syphilis. Conclusion There is a high incidence of congenital syphilis in the state of Santa Catarina. Considering that there are several strategies for coping with syphilis in Brazil, it’s essencial for the identification of flaws in the implementation of control measures, as well as the search for strategies to prevent vertical transmission, through effective and quality prenatal care. It is essential to direct new strategies and actions for health promotion and prevention during pregnancy, graranteeing access and comprehensive care.
Da situação kafkiana: autoritarismo e irresolução em Memórias do cárcere, de Graciliano Ramos
Authors: Oliveira Gustavo Maciel de , Lemos Carolina Lindenberg
Published: August 2024

Prompted by the suggestive designation ‘kafkaesque atmosphere’ given by literary critics to the context of Graciliano Ramos's imprisonment in Memórias do cárcere (1953), this article proposes to compare the paradoxical dimension of Kafka's work and its possible relationship with political and legal situations marked by absurdity or exception with Ramos's novel. To this end, we will first put Kafka's work and that of some philosophers into dialog, in order to relate issues in the Czech's work to Hannah Arendt’s notion of the banality of evil and Giorgio Agamben’s ideas on the state of exception. These points will allow us to link the two sides of the article, in order to establish what the dimension of totalitarianism/authoritarianism and irresolution consists of in the work of the Czech writer, but also the kafkaesque dimension in the work of Graciliano Ramos.
A dialética na e pela linguagem em Émile Benveniste: uma crítica à aparente oposição no discurso da função social do Direito
Authors: Giacomini Marcelo Corrêa
Published: August 2024

The main objective of this text is to articulate a reading about linguistic time and subjectivity in language in Émile Benveniste, emphasizing its dialectical aspect, and a reflection on the meaning of social function in Law, discussing the possibility of a contradiction between social function in and from Law. For this, the texts “Language and human experience” and, secondarily, “On subjectivity in language” were analyzed, in order to carry out a critique of the supposed overcoming of the opposition between individual and society, claimed by the doctrinal discourse of the function social, which is not given by Law, but by the maintenance of property as a mediating agent of those two instances.
Emancipação e protagonismo por um olhar semiótico: racismo, antirracismo e a negação de direitos à juventude negra no Brasil
Authors: Leite Daniel Carmona
Published: August 2024

This article analyzes phenomena related to Emancipation, Social Protagonism, and the Racism and Anti-Racism agendas in contemporary Brazilian society, seen from a semiotic perspective and with a special focus on the study of Youth. In agreement with Almeida (2021), we believe that racism is not only expressed through individual actions, but is the result of a complex network of economic, political, and social influences and mechanisms. We approach works by contemporary thinkers who have gained increasing prominence and prestige in public debate and we observe the harsh phenomenon of violence against black youth in Brazil. Our approach experiments with the operationality of concepts from contemporary Semiotics Theory, with regard to the analysis of the manifestations of racism proposed by the authors which we work with. The findings point to a possibility of applying concepts coming from Sociossemiotics of Landowski's (2014) theory of interaction regimes to work on the issues observed.
Anaesthesia and climate change: time to wake up? A rapid qualitative appraisal exploring the views of anaesthetic practitioners regarding the transition to TIVA and the reduction of desflurane
Authors: Iqbal Syka , Karia Amelia , Kamming Damon , Herron Daniel , O’Shea Luke , Vindrola-Padros Cecilia
Published: August 2024

Background

The National Health Service (NHS) has pledged to reach carbon net-zero by 2040. In alignment with this goal, a London hospital’s anaesthesia department is actively reducing desflurane use and transitioning towards total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) as a sustainable alternative, contributing to environmentally responsible practices within the healthcare sector.

Methods

We conducted a rapid qualitative appraisal through online interviews with 17 anaesthetic practitioners to explore their perspectives regarding this climate change mitigation strategy. Data analysis was undertaken through the use of rapid appraisal sheets and a framework analysis method.

Results

Participants highlighted the disadvantages of TIVA, including the increased effort, heightened monitoring requirements, operational challenges, and a lack of clinical confidence associated with its use. Despite these reservations, participants acknowledged TIVA’s potential to reduce postoperative nausea. There were perceptions that senior staff members might resist this change due to habits and scepticism over its impact on climate change. To facilitate greater TIVA adoption, participants recommended enhanced training, the implementation of a dashboard to raise awareness of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the presence of strong climate change leadership within the department. Participants believed that a shift to TIVA should be followed by specific measures such as addressing waste management which is crucial for GHG reduction, emphasising the perceived link between waste and emissions.

Conclusions

The evaluation examines stakeholder attitudes, perceptions, and behaviours, focusing on transitioning from desflurane to TIVA. The study highlights the importance of staff engagement, organisational support, and underscores the crucial role that healthcare practitioners and leadership play in fostering sustainability within the healthcare sector.
Ab-Externo XEN Gel stent implantation effectively treated refractory glaucoma with prior failed shunt tube
Authors: Cheng Anny M.S. , Gupta Shailesh K. , Vedula Geetha G. , Saddemi Jackson , Wang Victor , Vartanian Rita , Yang David T.Y. , Kubal Aarup A.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To assess the efficacy of a gelatin stent (XEN 45 Gel Stent; Allergan) implant in advanced glaucoma eyes that have failed prior aqueous shunt implantation.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 6 patients with refractory glaucoma, defined as persistently high IOP (> 21 mmHg) despite taking at least 3 IOP-lowering medications subsequent to undergoing a glaucoma drainage device (GDD) with or without a second GDD or cilioablative procedure. Eyes with previous failed GDD underwent subconjunctival 0.3 cc (0.4 mg/ml) mitomycin C, tenonectomy, and placement of an ab- externo XEN stent. The outcome measures included change in IOP and the number of glaucoma medications. Success was defined as patients achieving an IOP ≤ 18 mmHg with a percentage reduction of 25% or 15 mmHg and 40% mean IOP reduction from baseline while taking the same number or fewer medications.

Results

All six eyes with age of 77.6 ± 7.82 years who underwent XEN implantation following previous GDD surgery had primary open-angle glaucoma. The IOP decreased significantly from 32.33 ± 5.99 to 12.67 ± 3.27 mmHg (p < 0.001) with a follow-up of 13.9 ± 2 (11.7–16.7) months. Visual acuity and visual field remained stable after XEN placement. Compared to the baseline number of medications of 4.2 ± 0.8, all medication was discontinued except in one eye on two drops at the end of the follow-up. The overall surgical success rate was 100%. No complications, needling, or additional procedures were required.

Conclusion

This study described successful implantation of the XEN stent following failed GDD. XEN Gel stent implantation associated with mitomycin C and tenonectomy can be considered a viable surgical option for patients with a history of previously failed tube shunt requiring further IOP lowering.
Materials-based incidence of urinary catheter associated urinary tract infections and the causative micro-organisms: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gambrill Benjamin , Pertusati Fabrizio , Hughes Stephen Fon , Shergill Iqbal , Prokopovich Polina
Published: August 2024

Background

Both long (> 30 days) and short-term (≤ 30 days) catheterisation has been associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to the invasive nature of device insertion through the urethra. Catheter associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTIs) are common (prevalence of ~ 8.5%) infections which can be treated with antibiotics; however, CAUTIs are both expensive to treat and contributes to the antibiotic usage crisis. As catheters are unlikely be replaced for the management of patients’ urination, ways of reducing CAUTIs are sought out, using the catheter device itself. The aim of this review is to assess the incidence of CAUTI and the causative micro-organisms when different urinary catheter devices have been used by humans, as reported in published research articles.

Methods

A Systematic Literature Review was conducted in Ovid Medline, Web of Science and PubMed, to identify studies which investigated the incidence of UTI and the causative micro-organisms, in patients with different urinary catheter devices. The articles were selected based on a strict set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data regarding UTI incidence was extracted and calculated odds ratio were compared across studies and pooled when types of catheters were compared. CAUTI causative micro-organisms, if stated within the research pieces, were also gathered.

Results

A total of 890 articles were identified, but only 26 unique articles met the inclusion/exclusion criteria for this review. Amongst the large cohort there were catheters of materials silicone, latex and PVC and catheter modifications of silver nanoparticles and nitrofurantoin antibiotics. The meta-analysis did not provide a clear choice towards a single catheter against another although silver-based catheters, and silver alloy, appeared to statistically reduce the OR of developing CAUTIs. At genus level the three commonest bacteria identified across the cohort were E. coli, Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. whilst considering only at the genus level, with E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterococcus faecalis most common at the species-specific level.

Conclusions

There does not appear to be a catheter type, which can significantly reduce the incidence of CAUTI’s in patients requiring catheterisation. Ultimately, this warrants further research to identify and develop a catheter device material that will reduce the incidence for CAUTIs.
Effects of stannous fluoride dentifrice on gingival health and oxidative stress markers: a prospective clinical trial
Authors: Ramji Niranjan , Xie Sancai , Bunger Ashley , Trenner Rachel , Ye Hao , Farmer Teresa , Reichling Tim , Ashe Julie , Milleman Kimberly , Milleman Jeffery , Klukowska Malgorzata
Published: August 2024

Background

Periodontal disease results in oral dysbiosis, increasing plaque virulence and oxidative stress. Stannous fluoride (SnF2) binds lipopolysaccharides to reduce plaque virulence. This study prospectively assessed SnF2 effects on oxidative stress in adults with gingivitis.

Methods

This was a 2-month, single-center, single-treatment clinical trial. Twenty “disease” (> 20 bleeding sites with ≥ 3 pockets 3 mm-4 mm deep) and 20 “healthy” (≤ 3 bleeding sites with pockets ≤ 2 mm deep) adults were enrolled. All participants were instructed to use SnF2 dentifrice twice daily for 2 months. An oral examination, Modified Gingival Index (MGI) examination and Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) examination were conducted at baseline, 1 month and 2 months. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, oral lavage and supragingival plaque were collected at each visit to evaluate: Endotoxins, Protein Carbonyls, L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), Oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxi-LDL), IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP). A subset-analysis examined participants considered at higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Change-from-baseline analyses within each group were of primary interest.

Results

The disease group showed statistically significant reductions in GBI at Month 1 (67%) and Month 2 (85%) and in MGI at Month 1 (36%) and Month 2 (51%) versus baseline (p < 0.001). At baseline, the disease group showed greater LDH in GCF and oxi-LDL levels in saliva versus the healthy group (p ≤ 0.01). Total antioxidant capacity (FRAP) in saliva increased versus baseline for the disease group at Months 1 and 2 (p < 0.05), and levels for the disease group were greater than the healthy group at both timepoints (p < 0.05). SnF2 treatment reduced endotoxins (lavage) for both disease and healthy groups at Month 2 (p ≤ 0.021) versus baseline. There was a reduction in oxidative stress markers, namely protein carbonyl in saliva, at Months 1 and 2 (p < 0.001) for both groups and a reduction in cytokine IL-6 (lavage) in the disease group at Month 2 (p = 0.005). A subset analysis of participants at higher coronary disease risk showed reductions in endotoxins in lavage, oxi-LDL, and CRP in saliva at Month 2 (p ≤ 0.04).

Conclusion

SnF2 dentifrice use reversed gingival inflammation, suppressed endotoxins and reduced some harmful oxidant products in saliva and gingiva.

Clinical trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05326373, registered on 13/04/2022.
Britannilactone 1-O-acetate induced ubiquitination of NLRP3 inflammasome through TRIM31 as a protective mechanism against reflux esophagitis-induced esophageal injury
Authors: Liu Ju , Xiao Yang , Xu Qianfei , Xu Yunyan , Guo Manman , Hu Yun , Wang Yan , Wang Yi
Published: August 2024

Background

Reflux esophagitis (RE) is a disease in which inflammation of the esophageal mucosa owing to the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus results in cytokine damage. Britannilactone 1-O-acetate (Brt) has anti-inflammatory effects, significantly inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to a decrease in inflammatory factors including IL-1 β, IL-6, and TNF-α. However, the mechanism underlying its protective effect against RE-induced esophageal injury remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the protective mechanism of TRIM31 against NLRP3 ubiquitination-induced RE both in vivo and in vitro.

Methods

A model of RE was established in vivo in rats by the method of “4.2 mm pyloric clamp + 2/3 fundoplication”. In vitro, the mod was constructed by using HET-1A (esophageal epithelial cells) and exposing the cells to acid, bile salts, and acidic bile salts. The 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to screen the concentration of administered drugs, and the viability of HET-1A cells in each group. HE staining was used to assess the degree of pathological damage in esophageal tissues. Toluidine blue staining was used to detect whether the protective function of the esophageal epithelial barrier was damaged and restored. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of IL-1 β, IL-6, and TNF-α factors in serum. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression level of NLRP3 in esophageal tissues. The molecular docking and Co-immunoprecipitation assay (Co-IP assay) were used to detect the TRIM31 interacts with NLRP3. Western blotting detected the Claudin-4, Claudin-5, The G-protein-coupled receptor calcium-sensitive receptor (CaSR), NLRP3, TRIM31, ASC, C-Caspase1, and Caspase1 protein expression levels.

Results

Brt could alleviate RE inflammatory responses by modulating serum levels of IL-1 β, IL-6, and TNF-α. It also activated the expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase 1, and C-Caspase-1 in HET-1A cells. Brt also attenuated TRIM31/NLRP3-induced pathological injury in rats with RE through a molecular mechanism consistent with the in vitro results.

Conclusions

Brt promotes the ubiquitination of NLRP3 through TRIM31 and attenuates esophageal epithelial damage induced by RE caused by acidic bile salt exposure. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanism of action of Brt in the treatment of RE and highlights its promising application in the prevention of NLRP3 inflammatory vesicle-associated inflammatory pathological injury.

Graphical Abstract
Synthetic lethality of combined ULK1 defection and p53 restoration induce pyroptosis by directly upregulating GSDME transcription and cleavage activation through ROS/NLRP3 signaling
Authors: Chen Wei , Yang Kai-Bin , Zhang Yuan-Zhe , Lin Zai-Shan , Chen Jin-Wei , Qi Si-Fan , Wu Chen-Fei , Feng Gong-Kan , Yang Da-Jun , Chen Ming , Zhu Xiao-Feng , Li Xuan
Published: August 2024

Background

High expression of ubiquitin ligase MDM2 is a primary cause of p53 inactivation in many tumors, making it a promising therapeutic target. However, MDM2 inhibitors have failed in clinical trials due to p53-induced feedback that enhances MDM2 expression. This underscores the urgent need to find an effective adaptive genotype or combination of targets.

Methods

Kinome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen was performed to identify genes that modulate the response to MDM2 inhibitor using TP53 wild type cancer cells and found ULK1 as a candidate. The MTT cell viability assay, flow cytometry and LDH assay were conducted to evaluate the activation of pyroptosis and the synthetic lethality effects of combining ULK1 depletion with p53 activation. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and ChIP-qPCR were performed to confirm that p53 directly mediates the transcription of GSDME and to identify the binding region of p53 in the promoter of GSDME. ULK1 knockout / overexpression cells were constructed to investigate the functional role of ULK1 both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of ULK1 depletion to activate GSMDE was mainly investigated by qPCR, western blot and ELISA.

Results

By using high-throughput screening, we identified ULK1 as a synthetic lethal gene for the MDM2 inhibitor APG115. It was determined that deletion of ULK1 significantly increased the sensitivity, with cells undergoing typical pyroptosis. Mechanistically, p53 promote pyroptosis initiation by directly mediating GSDME transcription that induce basal-level pyroptosis. Moreover, ULK1 depletion reduces mitophagy, resulting in the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and subsequent increasing of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This in turn cleaves and activates GSDME via the NLRP3-Caspase inflammatory signaling axis. The molecular cascade makes ULK1 act as a crucial regulator of pyroptosis initiation mediated by p53 activation cells. Besides, mitophagy is enhanced in platinum-resistant tumors, and ULK1 depletion/p53 activation has a synergistic lethal effect on these tumors, inducing pyroptosis through GSDME directly.

Conclusion

Our research demonstrates that ULK1 deficiency can synergize with MDM2 inhibitors to induce pyroptosis. p53 plays a direct role in activating GSDME transcription, while ULK1 deficiency triggers upregulation of the ROS-NLRP3 signaling pathway, leading to GSDME cleavage and activation. These findings underscore the pivotal role of p53 in determining pyroptosis and provide new avenues for the clinical application of p53 restoration therapies, as well as suggesting potential combination strategies.
Host attraction and host feeding patterns indicate generalist feeding of Culex pipiens s.s. and Cx. torrentium
Authors: Wehmeyer Magdalena Laura , Jaworski Linda , Jöst Hanna , Șuleșco Tatiana , Rauhöft Leif , Afonso Sara M. Martins , Neumann Markus , Kliemke Konstantin , Lange Unchana , Kiel Ellen , Schmidt-Chanasit Jonas , Sauer Felix Gregor , Lühken Renke
Published: August 2024

Background

Mosquito host feeding patterns are an important factor of the species-specific vector capacity determining pathogen transmission routes. Culex pipiens s.s./Cx. torrentium are competent vectors of several arboviruses, such as West Nile virus and Usutu virus. However, studies on host feeding patterns rarely differentiate the morphologically indistinguishable females.

Methods

We analyzed the host feeding attraction of Cx. pipiens and Cx. torrentium in host-choice studies for bird, mouse, and a human lure. In addition, we summarized published and unpublished data on host feeding patterns of field-collected specimens from Germany, Iran, and Moldova from 2012 to 2022, genetically identified as Cx. pipiens biotype pipiens, Cx. pipiens biotype molestus, Cx. pipiens hybrid biotype pipiens × molestus, and Cx. torrentium, and finally put the data in context with similar data found in a systematic literature search.

Results

In the host-choice experiments, we did not find a significant attraction to bird, mouse, and human lure for Cx. pipiens pipiens and Cx. torrentium. Hosts of 992 field-collected specimens were identified for Germany, Iran, and Moldova, with the majority determined as Cx. pipiens pipiens, increasing the data available from studies known from the literature by two-thirds. All four Culex pipiens s.s./Cx. torrentium taxa had fed with significant proportions on birds, humans, and nonhuman mammals. Merged with the data from the literature from 23 different studies showing a high prevalence of blood meals from birds, more than 50% of the blood meals of Cx. pipiens s.s. were identified as birds, while up to 39% were human and nonhuman mammalian hosts. Culex torrentium fed half on birds and half on mammals. However, there were considerable geographical differences in the host feeding patterns.

Conclusions

In the light of these results, the clear characterization of the Cx. pipiens s.s./Cx. torrentium taxa as ornithophilic/-phagic or mammalophilic/-phagic needs to be reconsidered. Given their broad host ranges, all four Culex taxa could potentially serve as enzootic and bridge vectors.

Graphical Abstract
Efficacy of Qi-Gen powder for immunity enhancement and investigation of its therapeutic mechanisms through gene expression profiling
Authors: Gao Xueyan , Wang Pingping , Wang Shaolin , Yang Fenfang , Ma Danyang , Xu Xiaoqin , Huang Tingting , Xie Huisheng , Hao Zhihui
Published: August 2024

Infection with different viruses threatens the health of animals in the livestock and poultry industry. Immunopotentiators can increase natural immunity and vaccination efficacy; however, most are expensive chemical and biological compounds with questionable safety. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) such as Yupingfeng (YPF), a well-known immunomodulatory remedy, provide healthy alternatives to such agents. The aim of this study was to examine the therapeutic properties of Qi-Gen powder (QG) and compare them with those of YPF. The immune organ index, cytokine levels, and other indicators were utilized to evaluate the effects of QG in an immunosuppression mouse model. QG was further assessed for its ability to enhance vaccine effectiveness in chickens immunized for Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Potential therapeutic mechanisms and targets of QG were examined in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 using microarray technology combined with the TCM systems pharmacology database of known targets. Compared with model controls, QG improved immunological function, outperforming YPF in mice. QG also enhanced the immunological response to NDV vaccine in immune organs and increased feed intake of chickens. Further research is needed to validate the link between the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3 pathway and the immune-boosting effects of QG.
Nonrepresentativeness in Population Health Research: Evidence from a COVID-19 Antibody Study
Authors: Dutz Deniz , Greenstone Michael , Hortaçsu Ali , Lacouture Santiago , Mogstad Magne , Shaikh Azeem M. , Torgovitsky Alexander , van Dijk Winnie
Published: August 2024

We analyze representativeness in a COVID-19 serological study with randomized participation incentives. We find large participation gaps by race and income when incentives are lower. High incentives increase participation rates for all groups but increase them more among under-represented groups. High incentives restore representativeness on race and income and also on health variables likely to be correlated with seropositivity, such as the uninsured rate, hospitalization rates, and an aggregate COVID-19 risk index. (JEL C83, I11, I14, J15)
Dynamic Spending Responses to Wealth Shocks: Evidence from Quasi Lotteries on the Stock Market
Authors: Andersen Asger Lau , Johannesen Niels , Sheridan Adam
Published: August 2024

How much and over what horizon do households adjust their consumption in response to stock market wealth shocks? We address these questions using granular data on spending and stock portfolios from a large bank and exploiting lottery-like variation in gains across investors with similar portfolio characteristics. Consistent with the permanent income hypothesis, spending responses to stock market gains are immediate and persistent. The monthly responses cumulate to marginal propensities to consume of 4.4 percent over one year and 16 percent over three years. The results suggest that inattention attenuates household responses to stock market cycles over horizons as long as one year. (JEL D12, E21, G11, G14, G51)
Discrete, continuous and machine learning models with applications in credit risk
Authors: Γεωργίου Κυριάκος-Κρίστοφερ
Published: August 2024

Η μοντελοποίηση πιστωτικού κινδύνου είναι ένας ευέλικτος και δυναμικός τομέας των χρηματοοικονομικών μαθηματικών, με σημαντικές πρακτικές εφαρμογές, όπως έχει ιστορικά καθιερωθεί. Συγκεκριμένα, η τελευταία χρηματοπιστωτική κρίση κατέστησε σαφές ότι τα μοντέλα πιστωτικού κινδύνου έπρεπε να γίνουν πιο αυστηρά. Για αυτόν τον λόγο, τα πρόσφατα Διεθνή Πρότυπα Χρηματοοικονομικής Αναφοράς (IFRS) 9 εισήγαγαν ένα πλαίσιο που καθιστά τη μοντελοποίηση πιστωτικού κινδύνου προνοητική, αυξάνοντας έτσι την ανάγκη για ισχυρά μαθηματικά εργαλεία. Ο στόχος αυτής της διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι να αναπτύξει και να διερευνήσει τέτοια μαθηματικά εργαλεία και μοντέλα, με κίνητρο συγκεκριμένα ανοιχτά προβλήματα που προκύπτουν λόγω αυτών των κανονισμών, και να αναπτύξει πλαίσια που είναι τόσο μαθηματικά ορθά όσο και αποτελεσματικά εφαρμόσιμα από τους επαγγελματίες. Ξεκινάμε με διακριτά μοντέλα, συγκεκριμένα αλυσίδες Markov, οι οποίες είναι καλά εδραιωμένες στον τομέα του πιστωτικού κινδύνου, και αναπτύσσουμε ένα πλαίσιο που μπορεί να εφαρμοστεί από χρηματοοικονομικούς οργανισμούς για σκοπούς αναφοράς πιστωτικής αξιολόγησης και συμμόρφωσης σύμφωνα με το IFRS 9. Στη συνέχεια, εξετάζουμε στοχαστικά μοντέλα συνεχούς χρόνου και μελετούμε πώς μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν για την εκτίμηση της πιθανότητας αθέτησης και τον υπολογισμό των προβλέψεων. Συγκεκριμένα, χρησιμοποιούμε μια γενική οικογένεια μοντέλων για την ενσωμάτωση διάφορων λανθανόντων μεταβλητών από τις οποίες μπορεί να εξαρτάται η πιστωτική έκθεση, και χρησιμοποιούμε προσεγγίσεις που βασίζονται σε Ολοκληρωτικές και Μερικές Ολοκληρωτικο-διαφορικές Εξισώσεις για να περιγράψουμε και να αποδείξουμε σημαντικές μαθηματικές ιδιότητες της προκύπτουσας διαδικασίας πιθανότητας αθέτησης. Για να δείξουμε πώς μπορούν να εφαρμοστούν αυτά τα μαθηματικά εργαλεία από τους επαγγελματίες, αναπτύσσουμε και μελετούμε αριθμητικές μεθόδους που μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν για την εκτίμηση των πιθανοτήτων αθέτησης. Χρησιμοποιούμε τις γνωστές μεθόδους Πεπερασμένων Διαφορών, τις οποίες εφαρμόζουμε στις εξισώσεις που προκύπτουν υπό διάφορους τύπους στοχαστικών μοντέλων, για να αναδείξουμε την ποικιλία των χρήσεων που μπορούν να έχουν αυτές οι προσεγγίσεις. Τέλος, αντλώντας από πρόσφατη έρευνα, εξετάζουμε επίσης πώς το σύγχρονο πεδίο των μοντέλων μηχανικής μάθησης, και ιδιαίτερα η οικογένεια των Βαθιών Νευρωνικών Δικτύων, μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί για την εκτίμηση των πιθανοτήτων αθέτησης, και συζητάμε σημαντικές θεωρητικές και πρακτικές εκτιμήσεις που πρέπει να ληφθούν υπόψη κατά τη σύγκρισή τους με τις μεθόδους Πεπερασμένων Διαφορών.
Impactos do distanciamento social devido à pandemia da Covid-19: qualidade conjugal e desejo de separação
Authors: Neumann Angélica Paula , Rocha Fabrício de Andrade , Delatorre Marina Zanella , Wagner Adriana
Published: August 2024

Investigou-se o papel preditor do distanciamento social devido à pandemia da Covid-19 na qualidade conjugal e no relacionamento, assim como o papel moderador de variáveis contextuais, diádicas e individuais na interação entre tempo de distanciamento e desejo pela separação. Responderam ao instrumento 640 participantes, entre junho e julho de 2020. O distanciamento social não predisse a qualidade conjugal ou as mudanças na relação durante a pandemia, exceto pela vontade de separação. Quanto menos satisfação conjugal, resolução positiva dos conflitos e diferenciação de self, e quanto mais frequentes os conflitos, mais forte foi a relação entre tempo de distanciamento social e vontade de separação. Casais com melhores recursos individuais e conjugais se mostraram mais aptos para manejar as adversidades do contexto pandêmico.
When Your Friend is My Friend: How Loyalty Prompts Support for Indirect Ties in Moral Dilemmas
Authors: Berry Zachariah , Hildreth John Angus D.
Published: August 2024

How are some criminals able to get away with wrongdoing for months or even years? Here, we consider the role of loyalty in facilitating networks of support for wrongdoers, examining whether the obligations of loyalty to direct ties (here, brokers) transfer through individuals’ social networks to their indirect ties, prompting them to support those indirect ties in moral dilemmas. Integrating research on brokering, loyalty, relational identity, and social norms, we propose that loyalty to a broker will prompt an individual to support an indirect tie accused of wrongdoing because loyalty activates one’s relational identity with the broker, which highlights the descriptive and relational injunctive norms associated with their role, leading them to view the broker’s request to support an indirect tie accused of wrongdoing as falling within the bounds of their loyalty-based obligations to the broker. Specifically, these norms reveal to the actor their benevolence-based trust in the broker, their value alignment with the broker, and relational concerns for not granting the broker’s request. We further demonstrate how a broker’s history of creating divisions between people moderates how the actor sees the broker and reduces their willingness to grant the request. Across 11 preregistered studies (n = 2,249)—10 experiments and a field study—we found support for our hypotheses: the obligations of loyalty to brokers did indeed transfer to indirect ties accused of wrongdoing, regardless of the type of wrongdoing or strength of evidence presented against the accused.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.18003 .
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN HYPERTENSION AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION
Authors: Zuhir Elvina
Published: August 2024

Background: Rapid increase in Indonesia health development lead to increase in life expectancy. This demographical shift implicated in altering disease pattern to dominate be degenerative diseases, such as hypertension. Hypertension affected morbidity and mortality rate significantly. Hypertension also known to correlated with increasing risk in cerebrovascular diseases that continue to cognitive function disorders such as vascular dementia.Â Objective: To know the relationship between hypertension and cognitive function.Methods: Using cross-sectional design with comparative study. Blood pressure measured by using sphygmomanometer and stethoscope, while cognitive function measured by using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Raven Progressive Matrices (RPM). This research was held in M. Djamil Hospital, Puskesmas Nanggalo Siteba, Puskesmas Padang Pasir, Puskesmas Alai, Puskesmas Andalas, Puskesmas Seberang Padang dan Puskesmas Pauh with consecutive sampling techniqueResult: There is no significant differentiation based on age and gender in hypertension and normotensive sample. There is significant differentiation in cognitive function in hypertension and norm tension sample (p-value< 0,05). Hypertension sample will have 7,8 times risk to had cognitive function disorders than normotensive sample (measured using MMSE; OR: 7,8). Hypertension sample will have 3,3Â  times risk to had cognitive function disorders than normotensive sample (measured using RPM; OR: 3,3).Conclusion: There is significant differentiation in cognitive function in hypertension and normotensive sample. Hypertension subject will have 3,3 to 7,8 times risk to had cognitive function disorders than normotensive
Analisis Perhitungan Kebutuhan Tenaga Farmasi dengan Metode Workload Indicator Staffing Needs (WISN) di Puskesmas Imogiri I
Authors: Sari Wulan Anindita , Nur Syarianingsih Syam
Published: August 2024

Human resources are important assets that must be owned by a health service organization / institution. One of human resources is pharmacy. The number of pharmacy staff at Puskesmas Imogiri I is three people. Patient satisfaction in the Imogiri I Puskesmas pharmacy unit for the type of speed service in conducting low drug services is 73.00%. The number of patient visits served in the pharmaceutical unit is 100 patients / day, this pharmaceutical HR is known to have multiple duties in performing services. The Imogiri I Health Center has done an online workload analysis calculation using the Health Workforce Planning (Renbukt) application from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the calculation of the needs of pharmaceutical workers using the Workload Indicator Staffing Needs (WISN) method at the Puskesmas Imogiri I. This study uses qualitative research with a research design that is the phenomenology approach. The subject of interviews and observations in this study amounted to 4 people. The data collection instrument used observation sheets and interview guides as well as in calculating the needs of pharmaceutical workers in the Imogiri I Puskesmas using the Workload Indicator Staffing Needs (WISN) method. The available work time for pharmacy workers at the Imogiri I Health Center in 1 year is 312 days or 1911 hours / year. The highest standard workload based on calculations is on receipt of prescriptions, making copies of prescriptions and delivery of drugs that is equal to 57330 minutes / year. The allowance standard for pharmaceutical workers is 0.11. The number of pharmacy needs is 2 people. Based on WISN calculations, there is a shortage of pharmacy workers, which is as much as 2 people from the number at the time of the study, which was as many as 3 people. So it is necessary to hold an additional amount of energy.
Hubungan Kualitas Pelayanan Kesehatan dengan Kepuasan Pasien Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) di Unit Rawat Inap Puskesmas Dumai Barat
Authors: Ayuningtyas Ratih , Susanti Lasiah , Putri Riri Maisytoh
Published: August 2024

In order to improve the health status of the Indonesian people, the government has organized a national health insurance program (JKN) for the health of individuals through the social security organizing body (BPJS). The program doesn’t involve various stakeholders, one of which is the Puskesmas. However, until now there are still many complaints arising from the administration of JKN, one of which is the quality of health services that haven’t been good. Quality of health services affect patient satisfaction. The better the quality of services provided, the better patient satisfaction and vice versa. Inpatient care is one of the facilities obtained by Puskesmas that has an inpatient room in the city of Dumai since 2016. To find out the relationship between the quality of health service and the level of satisfaction of JKN patients in the inpatien unit of Dumai Barat health center Puskesmas. Using an analytic observational study design, with a cross sectional study design. The sampling technique is done by quota sampling with a sample size of 30 people and statistically tested using the Spearman correlation test. In this study there was a relationship between the quality of health services with patient satisfaction of JKN in the inpatient unit of the Dumai Barat health center Puskesmas with a correlation coefficient of 0,343 and p-value 0,032. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the quality of health service and the satisfaction of JKN in the inpatient unit of the Dumai Barat health center Puskesmas.
Hubungan Komponen Quality of Work Life dengan Motivasi Kerja Perawat di Puskesmas Wera Kab. Bima NTB
Authors: Nismawati Nismawati
Published: August 2024

This study aims to see determine the components of the quality of work-life associated with the work motivation of nurses in Puskesmas Wera. The quality of work-life components that are have been investigated is that the facilities available, occupational health and safety, employee involvement, balanced compensation, communication, career development, problem-solving, the safety of labor , and pride in institutions. This research is could be a quantitative research employing a cross-sectional approach. Sampling amounting to 40 respondents, with a compplete sampling method. Bivariate analysis was obtained based on the results of research conducted by nurses who have low work motivation as much as 14 (35% ) and nurses who have high work motivation as much as 26 (65% ). Components of quality of work life related to work motivation are available facilities, employee engagement, balanced compensation, communication, problem solving, job security and pride in the institution.
Hubungan Kepemimpinan dan Komunikasi dengan Kinerja Tenaga Kesehatan di Seluruh Puskesmas Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Amalia Maya , Mudayana Ahmad Ahid
Published: August 2024

One of the government's efforts to achieve health development goals is the issuance of the Minister of Health regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 75 year 2014 about Community Health Center (Puskesmas).Good leadership and communication are needed for the achievement of organizational goals. Implementation of community health center policies that are less than optimal can be characterized by lack of communication, programs that haven't been socialized and weak human resources in providing services. This can occur because the employees not fulfill their duties and responsibilities. So evaluation is needed to produce good performance. The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between leadership and communication with the performance of health workers in all over the community health centers in Yogyakarta City. This research is analytic research with cross-sectional approach. There are 189 community health centers employees as the samples of this study who were selected by propotionate stratified random sampling. This study conducted in April - June 2019 in all over community health center in Yogyakarta city. The data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with chi square statistical test.
The chi square statistical test show that the p-value of leadership with performance is 0,012 (p-value <0,05), as well as the statistical test performed on communication variables with performance show that the p-value is 0,011 (p-value <0,05).  There is a significant relationship between leadership and communication with performance.
Evaluasi Kegiatan Surveilans dalam Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi di RSUD KRT. Setjonegoro Wonosobo
Authors: Primadani Mahardika , Hastuti Siti Kurnia Widi
Published: August 2024

Nosocomial infections or currently known as Health care associated infections (HAIs) is an important problem worldwide and an interesting issue to research, especially regarding infection prevention efforts. The prevalence of HAIs in world hospitals reaches 9% or approximately 1.40 million. From the surveillance data of Setjonegoro Hospital from 2018 to 2020, it was found that the incidence of phlebitis was 7.2 ‰. One of the strategies to control HAIs is surveillance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of the surveillance program in the Prevention and Control of Infection at RSUD Setjonegoro, Wonosobo Regency. This type of research is a qualitative study with a phenomenological design. The research subjects were the chair of the PPI, IPCN, IPCLN and IPCD committees. The instruments used were observation and interview guidelines. The data analysis technique used the theory of Miles and Huberman. Surveillance activity in RSUD KRT. Setjonegoro Wonosobo is quite optimal, both in terms of human resources, facilities,   and infrastructure to the timeliness of reporting, so that the surveillance reports always get feedback to find out what follow-up plans will be carried out. The mistake that often occurs is the negligence of officers in inputting surveillance data. The surveillance activities at the Setjonegoro Regional Hospital have been running well, all PPI Teams have received training related to surveillance activities, data input is carried out using software, reporting of surveillance results is running on time, and feedback is given both verbally and in writing.
Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pasien BPJS Mandiri di Puskesmas Mpunda Kota Bima
Authors: Juwindra Ahdyat , Firman Firman
Published: August 2024

The Social Security Administrative Body or abbreviated as BPJS is a social security program that has a legal entity. It is a form of guarantee formed by the government to ensure that all people can fulfill their basic needs. BPJS in Indonesia implements a national social security system based on the principles of humanity, benefits, and social justice for all Indonesian people. The purpose of holding BPJS is to provide guarantees that meet the basic needs of a decent life for every participant and family member. The good or bad service quality of a puskesmas will be determined and have a direct impact on the participants. If the puskesmas has good service, the participants will be satisfied, and the quality of service will be good and the puskesmas has a good image in the community, and vice versa. The good or bad quality of puskesmas services can be determined by the views of patients or service user participants who visit the puskesmas. The purpose of this study was to analyze the satisfaction of independent BPJS patients with services at the Mpunda Health Center. The type of research used is quantitative research with a descriptive study design. Researchers only observe without treating the object to be studied, as well as by describing the state of the environment under study. The sample of this study were BPJS Mandiri participants with a total sample of 179 people. Sampling was carried out by taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on the results of the study, it was found that BPJS Mandiri Puskesmas Mpunda patients were dissatisfied with the structural components, namely the availability of officers, service schedules, drug availability, room cleanliness, room comfort, completeness of facilities and availability of information facilities. BPJS independent patients at the Mpunda Health Center were dissatisfied with the process components, namely waiting time for registration, officer explanations, officer inspections, officer attitudes, service speed, officer responsiveness, system availability and complaints. Independent BPJS patients at the Mpunda Health Center are dissatisfied with the services provided by the Mpunda Health Center, Bima City