bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desigualdad de oportunidades en rendimeinto académico en la educación primaria y educación secundaria obligatoria en Canarias
Authors:   Universidad de La Laguna (España), Marrero Gustavo A. , Sicilia Gabriela ,   Universidad de La Laguna (España), Bethencourt Carlos ,   Universidad de La Laguna (España), Cabrera Leopoldo ,   Universidad de La Laguna (España), Pérez Carmen Nieves ,   Universidad de La Laguna (España), Marrero Ángel S. ,   Universidad de La Laguna (España)
Published: September 2023

This report characterizes the educational system in the Canary Islands in terms of inequality, inequity and inequality of opportunities in academic performance. We use census and/or sample data on compulsory primary and secondary education students enrolled in 2015-2016, 2016-2017, 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 academic years. This data is provided by the Agencia Canaria de Calidad Universitaria y Evaluación Educativa (ACCUEE) through its periodic diagnostic assessment reports. Our results reveal that, in terms of inequality and inequity in compulsory secondary education, Canary Islands are not situated in a bad position with respect to Spain and OCDE. However, although we do not find significant differences in inequality between primary and secondary education, we do find strong differences in inequity in academic performance. We show that students’ socioeconomic status plays a more important role in compulsory secondary education and in the English course. We estimate a regression model to analyse the variables that explain inequality of opportunity in academic performance. We conclude that, considering our set of circumstances, inequality of opportunity explains 36%, 38% and 46% of total inequality in the third and sixth stages of primary education and the fourth stage of compulsory secondary education, respectively, and that inequality of opportunities is higher in secondary education and in the English course. Among our set of circumstances, parents’ education and occupation, the number of books in the household and household income are the most important ones both in primary and secondary education, being parents’ education especially relevant in primary education and the number of books in secondary education. This work contributes to the identification of the sources of inequality of opportunities in the Canary Islands. Therefore, our results are intended to be helpful in shaping education policies aimed at improving the equity of the educational system.
PERBAIKAN KURSI KERJA OPERATOR MENJAHIT PADA IKM SHERLY COLLECTION DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN ANTROPOMETRI DI KOTA BANJAR
Authors: Iskandar Andri , Hilman Maman
Published: September 2023

IKM Sherly Collection merupakan Industri Kecil Menengah dengan hasil produksi utama pakaian gamis. Pada saat ini stasiun menjahit masih menggunakan fasilitas kerja yang dirasa kurang baik seperti pada kursi kerja operator menjahit karena tidak sesuai dengan antropometri penggunanya  menyebabkan keluhan seperti  nyeri punggung, nyeri pinggang dan nyeri pada bokong pekerjanya hal ini yang menjadi dasar adanya penelitian ini  maka diusulkan suatu rancangan tempat duduk agar memberi kenyamanan serta keamanan saat melakukan aktivitas kerja bagi pekerja itu sendiri. Metode yang digunakan dalam perbaikan kursi kerja ini menggunakan pendekatan antropometri. Pengukuran dimensi tubuh menggunakan antropometri statis yaitu pengukuran dimensi tubuh dalam keadaan diam  untuk posisi yang telah ditentukan. 45 orang pekerja dengan rentang usia 20-40 tahun menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini  Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan uji keseragaman data, uji kecukupan data serta konsep persentil dengan cara memilih antara persentil 5th dan 95th. Dimensi antropometri yang digunakan adalah tinggi bahu duduk (TBD), lebar bahu (LB), pantat popliteal (PPo), lebar pinggul (LP) dan tinggi popliteal (TPo). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dimensi PPo, TPo menggunakan persentil 5th sedangkan dimensi TBD, LB dan LP menggunakan persentil 95th. Desain kursi yang dihasilkan memiliki ukuran tinggi sandaran kursi 50 cm, lebar sandaran kursi 40 cm, panjang alas duduk kursi 42 cm, lebar alas duduk kursi 40 cm dan tinggi kursi 45 cm. Usulan perbaikan kursi kerja berdasarkan pengamatan kursi kerja sebelumnya adalah adanya sandaran kursi dan bantalan alas duduk berbahan busa.
ANALISIS DIKLAT DAN KETERAMPILAN MANAJERIAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIVITAS KERJA KARYAWAN
Authors: Ruheli R , Setiari Idan , Nurhayaty Maria
Published: September 2023

PT. Parahyangan Jaya Gas masih menghadapi berbagai kendala dalam menjalankan aktivitasnya, meskipun sifat jasanya mempunyai keunggulan, namun efektivitas kualitas sumber daya manusia perusahaannya terlihat masih kurang optimal, hal ini terlihat dari indikator masih kurangnya komitmen karyawan untuk memberikan pelayanan yang baik terhadap pelanggan dan belum maksimalnya upaya untuk memperbaikinya. Metode penelitian menggunakan survai eksplanatori, Teknik analisis data menggunakan path analysis. Pengujian hipotesis secara parsial menggunakan uji-t, sedangkan pengujian hipotesis secara simultan menggunakan uji-F. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, bahwa kontribusi simultan yang diterima efektivitas kerja dari diklat dan keterampilan manajerial berdasarkan hasil pengujian statistik adalah sebesar 79.2 %, dimana kontribusi secara parsial dari diklat sebesar 41.1 %, dan dari keterampilan manajerial sebesar 38.1 %, sedangkan kontribusi dari variabel yang tidak diteliti (implisit exogenous) sebesar 20.8 %, sehingga kontribusi yang diterima efektivitas kerja dari variabel yang diteliti dan tidak diteliti adalah sebesar 100 %.
ChatGPT and Works Scholarly: Best Practices and Legal Pitfalls in Writing with AI
Authors: Tomlinson Bill , Torrance Andrew W. , Black Rebecca W.
Published: September 2023

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have raised questions about whether the use of AI is appropriate and legal in various professional contexts. Here, we present a perspective on how scholars may approach writing in conjunction with AI and offer approaches to evaluating whether or not such AI-writing violates copyright or falls within the safe harbor of fair use. We present a set of best practices for standard of care with regard to plagiarism, copyright, and fair use. As AI is likely to grow more capable in the coming years, it is appropriate to begin integrating AI into scholarly writing activities. We offer a framework for establishing sound legal and scholarly foundations.
Etnik Girişimcilik Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme: Kilis Kenti Örneği
Authors: İNCİLİ Ömer Faruk , CENGİZ Deniz
Published: September 2023

Etnik girişimcilik, göçmen girişimciliği, azınlık girişimciliği, mülteci girişimciliği kavramları alan yazınında önemli bir yer almaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada Kilis kentinde yaşayan Suriyelilerin girişimcilik deneyimleri, girişimcilik süreci ve bunun mekânsal yansımaları ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın temel amacı, Kilis’te yaşayan Suriyelilerin kurduğu etnik girişimciliğin mekânsal ve sektörel dağılımını, bu sistemin gelişiminde etkili olan dinamikleri ve süreçleri tartışmaktır. Bu kapsamda Kilis kentindeki etnik işletmelerin mekânsal ve sektörel dağılışının yanı sıra, Suriyelilerin girişimcilik deneyimleri ve onları girişimciliğe yönlendiren etkenler, girişimcilik stratejileri, sermayenin kaynağı, sosyal ilişki ağları, yaşanılan sorunlar ve gelecek stratejileri ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmada etnik girişimciliğin gelişim sürecini ortaya koymak adına Kilis kentinde faaliyette bulunan 10 Suriyeli erkek girişimci ile görüşme yapılmıştır. Katılımcılar farklı sektörlerden seçilerek görüşme formları uygulanmıştır. Katılımcı grubun belirlenmesi sürecinde olasılıklı (rastlantısal) olmayan örneklem tekniklerinden faydalanılmıştır. Ayrıca etnik işletmelerin kent mekânında dağılış örüntüsünü ortaya koymak için saha çalışmaları yapılarak sektörel bazda bu işletmelerin lokalizasyonu yapılmıştır. Lokalizasyon ve haritalandırmalar ArcGIS 10.3 yazılımından faydalanılarak hazırlanmıştır.
Srebrenitsa Soykırımı ve Sırbistan’ın Uluslararası Sorumluluğu
Authors: KARAMAN Haydar , GÜNEŞ Burak
Published: September 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 1995’te Bosna-Hersek Srebrenitsa’da gerçekleşen soykırım suçunu juridico-political (yasal-politik) bir hat üzerinden incelemektir. Bu inceleme yapılırken, mahkemelerin vermiş oldukları kararların ne derecede siyasi olduğu gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. Eleştirel hukuk çalışmalarının ortaya koyduğu gibi hukuk, doğası gereği siyasaldır. Siyasal olmasından dolayı da özneldir. Bu öznellik ise taraflar arasındaki en ufak bir güç dengesizliğinde, hukukun siyasal güçten yana tavır almasına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da Uluslararası Adalet Divanı’nın Srebrebitsa’da meydana gelen “soykırıma” dair almış olduğu kararda, uluslararası güç dengelerini son derece ustalıkla gözettiği ve bunun sonucunda vermiş olduğu karar ile egemen devletlerin çıkar ve güç dengesini sarsmamaya gayret ettiği ileri sürülmektedir. Buradan hareketle çalışma, Srebrenitsa tarihiyle ilgili bir dizi meseleyi tekrar ele alırken; hafızayı taze tutmak ve suçu farklı açılardan ele almak amacıyla, bir bütün olarak siyasi tarihte yankılanan, suça giden sürece etki eden yönleri de inceleyecektir. Bu bağlamda değerlendirildiğinde eldeki çalışma, Yugoslavya’da meydana gelen zulümleri unutturmadan, devletlerin sorumluluğu hukuku bağlamında da Uluslararası Adalet Divanı’nın vermiş olduğu kararı eleştirel bir gözle yeniden değerlendirmek gayesindedir.
PREDICTION LUNG CANCER BASED CRITICAL FACTORS USING MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Murad Scherko H. , Awlla Ardalan H. , Moahmmed Brzu T.
Published: September 2023

Many people around the world have lung cancer. Lung cancer has a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. Through image recognition and data analytics, computers can play a significant role in detecting various types of cancer disease. This paper provides an effective method to predict lung cancer in an early stage with high accuracy ratio. This research proposed data analytics to determine the accuracy ratio of lung cancer patients using supervised machine learning algorithms (Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), and Random Forest (RF). The dataset for this study was obtained from "Data World," which contains 1,000 diseases. Machine learning algorithms enable us to identify lung cancer risk factors, which aid in diagnosing lung cancer. This study shows that those algorithms can classify lung cancer patients, with Random Forest having the highest accuracy of 98.507%.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik dengan Pendekatan Realistic Mathematics Education untuk Menanamkan Kemampuan Penalaran Siswa Kelas VII
Authors: Alfiansyah Muhammad , Rusmining Rusmining
Published: September 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengembangkan lembar kerja peserta didik dengan pendekatan Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) yang valid dan praktis untuk menanamkan kemampuan penalaran peserta didik kelas VII di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Pundong Kab.Bantul. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu R&D (Research and Development) dengan model ADDIE (Analisys, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Teknis pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan angket yang dinilai oleh ahli materi dan ahli media. Lembar angket siswa diberikan ke peserta didik agar mendapatkan respon terhadap pengembangkan LKPD. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat dilihat pada data kevalidan dan kepraktisan LKPD yang terkategori valid, dimana ahli materi memberi penilaian dengan persentase rerata 4,63 dengan kategori sangat baik. Ahli media memberikan penilaian dengan persentase rerata 4,83 dengan kategori sangat baik. Sedangkan dari hasil uji coba respon peserta didik terhadap LKPD, terkategori praktis dimana persentase respon rerata skor 3,30 kategori baik. Sehingga LKPD dengan pendekatan RME dinyatakan valid dan praktis.
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik Menggunakan E-Modul Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis Peserta Didik Kelas XI SMA
Authors: Hamidah Hamidah , Asmar Ali , Musdi Edwin , Permana Dony
Published: September 2023

This study adapts the Plomp development model by including the stages of preliminary research, prototyping, and evaluation. The tools developed are in the form of lesson plans and electronic modules based on a scientific approach for class XI high school. The tools used are confirmation sheets, observation sheets, questionnaires, interviews and tests. The value of the validity of the lesson plan is 3.5 with a very valid category and the electronic module is 3.28 with a valid category. The practical level of students in the electronics module is 88.39 in the very practical category and according to the educators, it reaches 97.91% for the lesson plan and 89.00% for the electronic boiler module in the very comfortable type. Learning tools based on a scientific approach using e-modules in the form of lesson plans and e-modules are very effective types with an efficiency level of 83.78%. It can be concluded that the scientific approach developed on learning tools using electronic modules on polynomial material is useful, practical and effective in improving the mathematical connection skills of class XI middle school students
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Matematika Berbasis Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Kvisoft Flipbook Maker Pro Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Hairani Sunita , Amini Risda
Published: September 2023

The research objective was to develop valid, practical, and effective integrated thematic teaching materials based on the PBL approach assisted by the Kvisoft Flipbook Maker Pro application in grade III elementary schools. This research is included in Research and Development research using the ADDIE development model. Collecting data using observation, interviews, questionnaires and written tests. Data analysis uses a Likert scale by looking at validation analysis, practicality, and effectiveness. The results obtained from the development of PBL-based integrated thematic teaching materials assisted by Kvisoft Flipbook Maker Pro in Class III Elementary Schools, namely the validity percentage of 89.06% (Content Validation), 80% (Graphical Validation), and 83.3% (Language Validation) . The practicality of the teacher's response was 80.00% (practical), while the student response was 80.26% (practical). Effectiveness is seen from student learning outcomes, namely the N-Gain Score of 0.71 (High) is obtained in the effective category. This means that the teaching materials developed are valid, practical, and effective for third grade elementary school students
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Flipbook Matematika Materi Bangun Datar Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Cahyani Winda Dwi , Fuadiah Nyiayu Fahriza , Surmilasari Nora
Published: September 2023

Materi Bangun Datar merupakan salah satu materi yang membutuhkan media pendukung dengan visualisasi yang tepat. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran flipbook matematika materi bangun datar kelas 4 sekolah dasar yang valid, praktis, dan untuk mengetahui efektivitas media pembelajaran flipbook matematika materi bangun datar yang telah dikembangkan. Berdasarkan pada hasil observasi dan wawancara yang peneliti lakukan dengan guru di kelas IVA Sekolah Dasar Negeri 195 Palembang, minimnya pemahaman peserta didik dalam materi bangun datar karena hanya terfokus dengan buku saja dan kurangnya pemanfaatan teknologi pada pendidik saat pembelajaran berlangsung. Sehingga membutuhkan media pembelajaran pada saat pembelajaran berlangsung untuk membantu peserta didik agar lebih aktif, termotivasi saat belajar, dan tidak mudah merasa bosan. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian dan pengembangan yang mengacu pada model pengembangan 4D. Terdapat empat tahap pada model 4D yaitu Define (Pendefinisian), Design (Perencanaan), Development (Pengembangan), dan Disseminate (Penyebaran). Berdasarkan hasil validasi pakar (expert review) rata-rata sebesar 86,18% dengan kriteria "sangat valid". Berdasarkan hasil uji skala kecil dan uji skala besar memperoleh rata-rata sebesar 92,54% dengan kriteria "sangat praktis". Berdasarkan  hasil tes peserta didik mencapai nilai rata-rata sebesar 91, 35% dengan kriteria "sangat efektif". Berdasarkan dari hasil presentasi di atas menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran flipbook matematika materi bangun datar yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran matematika materi bangun datar.
Minimasi Waste Proses Produksi Teh Di PT X Menggunakan Metode Waste Relationship Matrix Minimasi Waste Proses Produksi Teh Di PT X Menggunakan Metode Waste Relationship Matrix
Authors: Nuryanti Erdita , Zainal Muttaqin Aan , Tommy Hendrawan Aloysius
Published: September 2023

Abstrak
PT X merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang produksi teh hijau di Jawa Timur. PT X berusaha meminimasi pemborosan dalam proses produksi teh hijau dimana untuk meminimasi pemborosan yang terjadi dengan konsep lean manufacturing. Salah satu alat untuk meminimasi pada konsep lean manufactuirng adalah Waste Relationship Matrix (WRM) yang merupakan metode supaya mengidentifikasi pemborosan yang terjadi di perusahaan. Ada tujuh jenis pemborosan dalam pembuatan WRM: cacat produk, transportasi, persediaan, menunggu, produksi berlebih, pergerakan, dan pemrosesan. Dimana didapat dua pemborosan terbesar yaitu defect dengan nilai 27 dan inventory dengan nilai 22. Usulan perbaikan dilakukan di antara lain yaitu dengan membuat alat sortir untuk proses pemetikan dan membuat metode pengendalian persediaan pada inventory

Kata Kunci : defect, inventory, lean manufacturing, waste relationship matrix  

 

Abstract :

PT X is a company engaged in the production of green tea in East Java. PT X is trying to minimize waste in the green tea production process which is to minimize the waste that occurs using the lean manufacturing concept. One of the tools used to minimize waste is the Waste Relationship Matrix (WRM) which is a method to identify waste that occurs in the company. There are 7 types of waste in WRM, namely defects, transportation, inventory, waiting, overproduction, motion, and processing where the two largest wastes are obtained, namely defects that have value is 27 and inventory with value is 22. Recommendations for improvements are to make a sorting tool for the process of picking and making inventory control methods on inventory

Keywords: defect, inventory, lean manufacturing, waste relationship matrix  
Peramalan Penjualan Batik Murni Dengan Pendekatan Metode Kausal Dan Time Series
Authors: Yosa Setiyoko Lintang , Zainal Muttaqin Aan , Isnaini Wiladanul
Published: September 2023

AbstrakUPT X berlokasi di Kabupaten Magetan memproduksi kulit yang memiliki beragam mesin yang digunakan untuk proses penyamakan. Banyak industri kulit menengah (IKM) yang bergerak dibidang penyamakan dan produk kulit dari Jawa Timur, khususnya dari wilayah Magetan dan sekitarnya yang mengelola kulit di UPT X  yang bertugas untuk mengelola bidang pelayanan kulit dan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan sepatu dan tas yang terbuat dari kulit. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) untuk mengidentifikasi masalah kualitas produk dan menggambarkan kondisi yang menyebabkan kejadian cacat pada produksi. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan  di bulan November 2021 sampai April 2022  didapatkan nilai terbesar dari presentase  rework terdapat pada  mesin fleshing dengan bobot sebesar  22%. Untuk cacat mesin fleshing adalah sobek pada permukaan kulit yang disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor seperti rusaknya pada mata pisau, mesin tidak bekerja secara maksimal, terdapat goresan pada permukaan kulit, bolong atau sobek, lingkungan produksi yang menyengat, suara kebisingan, suhu panas dan kurangnya pencahayaan, rekomendasi perbaikan perlu adanya maintenance secara berkala untuk mengurangi cacat pada produk.
 

Kata Kunci : Kualitas, Penyamakan Kulit, , FTA

 

Abstract

UPT X is located in Magetan Regency, producing leather which has a variety of machines used for the tanning process. Many medium-sized leather industries (IKM) engaged in tanning and leather products from East Java, especially from the Magetan area and its surroundings, manage leather at UPT X which is tasked with managing the leather service sector and as raw material for making shoes and bags made of leather. This study uses the FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) method to identify product quality problems and describe the conditions that cause defects in production. Based on research conducted in November 2021 to April 2022, the largest value of the percentage of rework is found in the fleshing machine with a weight of 22%. For fleshing machine defects, there are tears on the skin surface caused by several factors such as damage to the blade, the machine does not work optimally, there are scratches on the skin surface, holes or tears, a stifling production environment, noise, heat and lack of lighting, repair recommendations need regular maintenance to reduce product defects.

 

Keywords: Quality, Tannery, FTA
Metal selectivity and translocation mechanism characterization in proteoliposomes of the transmembrane NiCoT transporter NixA from Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Hernandez Jayoh A. , Micus Paul S. , Sunga Sean Alec Lois , Mazzei Luca , Ciurli Stefano , Meloni Gabriele
Published: September 2023

Essential trace metals play key roles in the survival, replication, and virulence of bacterial pathogens. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), the main bacterial cause of gastric ulcers, requires Ni(II) to colonize and persist in the acidic environment inside the stomach, exploiting the nickel-containing enzyme urease to catalyze the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia and bicarbonate and create a pH-buffered microenvironment. Urease utilizes Ni(II) as a catalytic cofactor for its activity. In ureolytic bacteria, unique transmembrane (TM) transporters evolved to guarantee the selective uptake and efflux of Ni(II) across cellular membranes to meet the cellular requirements. NixA is an essential Ni(II) transporter expressed by H. pylori when the extracellular environment experiences a drop in pH. This Class I Nickel-Cobalt transporter of the NiCoT family catalyzes the uptake of Ni(II) across the inner membrane from the periplasm. In this study, we characterized NixA using a platform whereby, for the first time on a NiCoT transporter, recombinantly expressed and purified NixA, and key mutants in the translocation pathway, have been reconstituted in artificial lipid bilayer vesicles (proteoliposomes). Fluorescent sensors responsive to Ni(II) transport (Fluozin-3-Zn(II)), luminal pH changes (pyranine), and membrane potential (oxonol VI) were encapsulated in proteoliposome lumen to monitor, in real-time, NixA transport properties and translocation mechanism. Kinetic transport analysis revealed that NixA is highly selective for Ni(II) with no substrate promiscuity towards Co(II), the other putative metal substrate of the NiCoT family, nor Zn(II). NixA-mediated Ni(II) transport exhibited a Michaelis-Menten-type saturable substrate concentration dependence, with an experimental KM, Ni(II) = 30.97 +/- 1.20 uM. Moreover, Ni(II) transport by NixA was demonstrated to be electrogenic, and metal translocation did not require a proton motive force, resulting in the generation of a positive-inside transmembrane potential in the proteoliposome lumen. Mutation analysis characterized key transmembrane residues for substrate recognition, binding, and/or transport, suggesting the presence of a three-step transmembrane translocation conduit. Taken together, these investigations reveal that NixA is a Ni(II)-selective Class I NiCoT electrogenic uniporter. The work also provides an in vitro approach to characterize the transport properties of metal transporters responsible for Ni(II) acquisition and extrusion in prokaryotes.
Exo-Cleavable Linkers: A Paradigm Shift for Enhanced Stability and Therapeutic Efficacy in Antibody-Drug Conjugates
Authors: Watanabe Tomohiro , Arashida Naoko , Fujii Tomohiro , Shikida Natsuki , Ito Kenichiro , Shimbo Kazutaka , Seki Takuya , Iwai Yusuke , Hirama Ryusuke , Hatada Noriko , Nakayama Akira , Okuzumi Tatsuya , Matsuda Yutaka
Published: September 2023

Customized drug delivery systems have become paramount in the rapidly evolving field of precision medicine, and at the forefront of advances in this regard, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) present a symbiotic fusion of cytotoxic payloads and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) facilitated by intricate chemical linkers. The search for ideal linkers that can dexterously provide the dual functionalities of enhancing circulatory stability and facilitating the effective release of the tumor payload is a present and formidable challenge. The valine-citrulline (Val-Cit) linker, which is used in a wide range of ADCs, despite its approval by the Food and Drug Administration, is associated with several inherent drawbacks, including hydrophobicity-induced aggregation, limited payload capacity, and premature payload release. This study presents a paradigm shift from the conventional linear linker archetype by introducing an exo-linker avant-garde approach that repositions the cleavable peptide linker at the exo-position of the PAB moiety. This molecular refinement not only offered the possibility to overcome the intrinsic drawbacks of the Val-Cit platform, but also significantly improved ADC stability, therapeutic efficacy, and pharmacokinetics. In vitro and in vivo biological evaluations, confirmed that ADCs designed using the exo-linker blueprint significantly attenuated premature payload release, while increasing the drug-to-antibody ratio, even with hydrophobic payloads, and this without inducing pronounced aggregation. Therefore, the fabricated exo-linker represents a significant improvement with respect to traditional Val-Cit ADCs. Moreover, under the influence of enzymes, such as carboxylesterases and human neutrophil elastase, the payload remained stably conjugated to the ADC, underscoring a favorable safety profile and highlighting potential for clinical translatability. Thus, our findings also demonstrate the potential of the novel exo-linker paradigm as well as the profound implications of nuanced molecular modifications for reshaping ADC design and functionality.
Calculating Pairwise Similarity of Polymer Ensembles via Earth Mover’s Distance
Authors: Shi Jiale , Walsh Dylan , Zou Weizhong , Rebello Nathan , Deagen Michael , Fransen Katharina , Gao Xian , Olsen Bradley , Audus Debra
Published: September 2023

Synthetic polymers, in contrast to small molecules and deterministic biomacromolecules, are typically ensembles comprised of polymer chains with varying numbers, lengths, sequences, chemistry, and topologies. While numerous approaches exist for measuring pairwise similarity among small molecules and sequence-defined biomacromolecules, accurately determining the pairwise similarity between two polymer ensembles remains challenging. This work proposes the earth mover’s distance (EMD) metric to calculate the pairwise similarity score between two polymer ensembles. EMD offers a greater resolution of chemical differences between polymer ensembles than the averaging method and provides a quantitative numeric value representing the pairwise similarity between polymer ensembles in alignment with chemical intuition. The EMD approach for assessing polymer similarity enhances the development of accurate chemical search algorithms within polymer databases and can improve machine learning techniques for polymer design, optimization, and property prediction.
Nonlinear potentiodynamic battery charging protocols for fun, education, and application
Authors: Stein Helge Sören
Published: September 2023

Most secondary batteries in academia are (dis)charged by applying a constant current (CC) followed by a constant voltage (CV) i.e. a CCCV procedure. The usual concept is then to condense data for interpretation into representations such as differential capacity, or dQ/dV, graphs. This is done to extract information related to phenomena such as the growth of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) or, more broadly, degradation. Typically, these measurements take several months because measurements for differential capacity analysis need to be performed at relatively low C-rates. An alternate charging schedule to CCCV is pulsed charging, where CC sections are interrupted by an open-circuit measurement on the second time scale. These and similar partially constant current strategies primarily target diffusive effects during charging and broadly fall into a linear charging category, where the time derivative for the actuated property is mostly zero. Herein, I explore nonlinear charging i.e., the process of actively applying a potential with a nontrivial time derivate and a resulting non-trivial current time derivative to engineer (dis)charge cycles with enhanced information density. This method of nonlinear charging is then used to charge a cell such that some potential ranges in the differential capacity diagram are omitted. This study is purely a simulative endeavor and not backed by experimentation, owing mainly to the lack of facile implementation of arbitrary function inputs for battery cyclers and might point to limitations of the underlying theory. If found to be confirmed through an experiment, this technique would, however motivate a new roadmap to better understand secondary battery degradation inspired by electrocatalyst degradation.
Introducción de los principios de la química verde a los procesos de enseñanza en laboratorios universitarios
Authors: Prato García Dorian , Moreno Roosevelt
Published: September 2023

Los doce principios de la química verde propuestos por Anastas y Warner en 1998 manifiestan algunas de las características que deberían presentar productos y procesos con el fin de eliminar o minimizar el uso y/o la generación de sustancias tóxicas. Dichos principios consideran, en el mejor de los casos, todas las etapas que constituyen el ciclo de vida de un producto, bien o servicio. Este trabajo recoge algunas de las actividades que se han desarrollado en los últimos años en el curso de Química Verde que se oferta en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Palmira. Teniendo en cuenta las características de los ensayos que se realizan, se procedió a identificar aquellos que presentan consumos elevados de recursos naturales (agua y energía) o que involucran el uso de tóxicos. Los ensayos intervenidos fueron: 1) coagulación, 2) titulación, 3) demanda química de oxígeno, 4) espectrofotometría, y 5) cuantificación de azúcares totales. El desarrollo de los ensayos a microescala permitió reducir (~90%) el consumo de reactivos, la generación de residuos (Cr6+, H2SO4, Hg, Ag) y el consumo de agua destilada en los ensayos 1, 3 y 5. Para el ensayo de titulación ácido-base (2) fue necesario el desarrollo de un sistema de agitación a la medida del proceso; dicho sistema fue construido con partes (ventilador de computadora, imanes de neodimio, acrílico) que se pueden encontrar en una tienda de electrónica (por menos de 6 dólares) o que están disponibles en nuestros hogares y que los han clasificado como "basura tecnológica”. La titulación a microescala redujo el consumo de reactivos y la generación de residuos (90%); adicionalmente, el uso del sistema de microagitación permitió que el consumo de energía pasara de 600Wh a menos de 0.6 Wh. El ensayo 4, análisis cinético de la degradación de un colorante, por espectrofotometría, fue realizado mediante un sistema de muestreo en línea con un volumen de reacción de 10 mL (reducción volumen ~95%). La adquisición de los datos se realizó en tiempo real mediante el software disponible para el equipo (OceanView 1.6.7 spectroscopy software, Ocean Insight, USA). Este montaje permitió suprimir el error asociado a la preparación de los viales para muestreo, el uso de solventes (metanol y/o isopropanol) y el consumo de agua destilada y tratada para completar los ensayos. Finalmente, además de minimizar/eliminar el consumo o la generación de productos tóxicos, es posible reducir el costo operativo de los ensayos (>50%) y la huella de carbono (70%) asociada a estos. Se debe destacar que este tipo de ensayos reduce riesgos y permiten fomentar el desarrollo de soluciones simples y eficientes a problemas cotidianos durante la ejecución de las prácticas de laboratorio.
Aprendizaje de ingeniería. ¿Estamos haciendo la tarea?
Authors: Acosta Gempeler Juan Antonio , Uribe Mallarino María Teresa
Published: September 2023

La pandemia de la COVID 19 llevó a las universidades a adaptarse rápidamente al entorno virtual, para seguir formando a los futuros profesionales. Sin embargo, se plantean las preguntas, por una parte, de si los estudiantes están comprometidos por su formación, y por otra, si los esfuerzos de los profesores y directivas están dando resultados. Adicionalmente, en este artículo se reflexiona sobre la forma en que se está llegando a los estudiantes y si se ellos están recibiendo los conocimientos y la formación que requieren. Además, se cuestiona si las instituciones de educación superior están respondiendo a las necesidades de formación y si es papel de los profesores dedicarse a asuntos de orden administrativo más que a la enseñanza integral de los estudiantes. Se concluye que, en tiempos de post pandemia, es fundamental repensar la forma en que se está llegando a los estudiantes y cómo se están formando profesionales comprometidos con su carrera y con la sociedad.
La ingeniería química como pilar de desarrollo sostenible en la región caribe colombiana
Authors: Terán Natalia , Zuluaga Hernández Édison Albert
Published: September 2023

El mundo actual presenta retos derivados del aumento en consumo de recursos, materiales y energía, los cuales deben satisfacerse de manera sostenible. Lo anterior, demanda nuevos paradigmas en la formación de los ingenieros químicos, lo que hace necesario evaluar el estado actual de los ejes principales que se enseñan en estos programas académicos, con el fin de orientarlos a los requerimientos de su región de impacto. En Colombia, la región caribe es la segunda economía de mayor importancia del país, que además presenta unas condiciones ambientales y sociales que pueden afectar el desarrollo de la profesión. En el presente trabajo, se analizan los programas de ingeniería química de la región, considerando perfiles, competencias, currículos e indicadores, en comparación con el sector industrial de la región y la empleabilidad de los ingenieros químicos, con el objetivo de encontrar fortalezas y oportunidades de mejora. Se identificaron cuatro programas de ingeniería química, centralizados en Barranquilla y Cartagena, tanto de carácter público como privado, con diferencias significativas en indicadores de registro académico y similitudes en contenidos curriculares. Así mismo, se evidencia la importancia de realizar cambios curriculares, enfocados hacia el desarrollo de competencias, a través de estudios de caso que aborden el uso de energías renovables y menor impacto ambiental. Lo anterior, permitiría la alineación con las políticas que pretende implementar el nuevo gobierno colombiano hacia la transición energética, siendo el ingeniero químico un pilar para el desarrollo sostenible de la región caribe, a través de estrategias como la alianza multisectorial academia-industria-gobierno-sociedad.
Validación de un instrumento de medición de competencias ciudadanas y de liderazgo, mediante teoría de respuesta al ítem
Authors: Lopera Téllez Juan Carlos , Voelkl Peñaloza Joseph , Marciales Parra Nicolás
Published: September 2023

Las competencias ciudadanas y de liderazgo son habilidades esenciales que deben ser desarrolladas por los estudiantes universitarios, ya que tienen una gran influencia en su desempeño profesional y en sus interacciones sociales. Estas habilidades son consideradas "competencias personales", "transversales" o "blandas", las cuales se tienen en cuenta en los diferentes procesos de acreditación nacional e internacional; sin embargo, su trazabilidad no siempre es fácilmente evaluada. Con el fin de potenciar estas competencias en sus estudiantes, la Universidad Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito ha iniciado un proyecto para identificar estrategias efectivas. Para llevar a cabo este proyecto, se ha creado un instrumento de medición que permite identificar las habilidades en los estudiantes de primer semestre de distintas carreras en ingenierías y otras ciencias. Para validar el instrumento, se ha utilizado la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (TRI), una técnica estadística que permite analizar pruebas o cuestionarios de medición de características en un individuo, y que permitan medir el conocimiento de una persona en función de las respuestas del cuestionario planteado. La TRI es una herramienta muy útil en la psicometría, ya que permite medir características complejas, como las habilidades ciudadanas y de liderazgo, que son difíciles de medir con precisión mediante otros métodos. En la ponencia se presentan los resultados de la validación del instrumento, en donde se han identificado las preguntas que presentan mayor y menor complejidad para los estudiantes, lo que permitirá mejorar la calidad del instrumento. Además, se ha evaluado la calidad de los ítems del instrumento, lo que es fundamental para asegurar que las preguntas sean adecuadas para medir las competencias ciudadanas y de liderazgo de los estudiantes. La evaluación de la calidad de los ítems permite determinar si las preguntas miden lo que se pretende medir, si son adecuadas para el nivel de dificultad de los estudiantes y si son relevantes para las competencias que se quieren medir. Con el objetivo de asegurar la eficacia del proceso, se hizo un pilotaje observando la necesidad de reformular algunas preguntas para que el instrumento pudiera ser aplicado de forma concluyente y pueda ser utilizado como punto de partida para el planteamiento de futuras estrategias. Es importante destacar que el instrumento utilizado ha sido diseñado específicamente para medir las competencias ciudadanas y de liderazgo en los estudiantes universitarios en sus primeros semestres, lo que permitirá desarrollar estrategias efectivas para potenciar estas habilidades en los futuros profesionales egresados de la Universidad Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito.
Factores de riesgo psicosocial en el trabajo. La norma NOM-035-2018 para MIPYMES en México
Authors: Aldape Castillo Zaida , Flores Suárez Jesús Aldanely , Soto Hernández Ana María
Published: September 2023

Si bien es cierto que el trabajo dignifica a las personas, ya que genera un vínculo que permite alcanzar vidas plenas integradas a la sociedad, el presente entorno empresarial exige establecer estrategias con el fin de generar ambientes organizacionales favorables para que los colaboradores alcancen sus objetivos inmediatos. Tras una pandemia donde el proceso de adaptabilidad resaltó factores de riesgo a los que no se les había dado la relevancia adecuada, en los entornos laborales surgía, pero no se visibilizaba. Hoy, las empresas requieren identificar y analizar esos factores de riesgo psicosocial y evaluar el entorno organizacional, en la búsqueda continua de condiciones apropiadas para el desempeño laboral tanto en formato presencial como remoto. En el presente artículo se presentan las disposiciones de la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-035-STPS-2018, y los retos a los que se han enfrentado las MIPYMES locales en su aplicación con el trabajo presencial o remoto. Algunos hallazgos muestran que se han incrementado nuevos tipos de enfermedades profesionales, para los cuales no se aplican medidas de prevención, protección y control adecuadas o estandarizadas ante la creciente demanda de atención. Del mismo modo, se presenta una estrategia diseñada para el diagnóstico oportuno en los entornos laborales, que brinde la posibilidad a las organizaciones de promover un empleo de calidad con un ambiente laboral saludable, que implique una propuesta de valor para su aplicación en el contexto situacional de cada MIPYME.
An Origin of the Ethnic Name Coŋgōl
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies SB RAS, Nanzatov B. Z. , Tishin V. V. ,   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies SB RAS
Published: September 2023

The article deals with the origin of the tribal name Coŋgōl or Tsongool, in other orthography. It also known as Soŋgōl or Songool in Buryat pronunciation, where the Written Mongolian [č] developed into [s] through the step [ts] in position before a vowel other than [i]. We argue the connection of the word with the ethnic name Čuŋul ~ Čumul, attested in different spelling forms in Chinese, Old Turkic, Khotanese Saka and Persian texts, in connection with the history of Eastern Turkestan and Gan-su Province of China, at least from the of the 7th to the 11th centuries A. D., and also preserved now among the ethnonyms of the Sarïg-Yogur people as Čoŋïl ~ Čuŋïl. In the latter case, the fact of historical continuity cannot raise any doubts. According to the results of this research, it is possible to argue that the community arrived to territory of modern South Buryatia to become subjects of the Russian Tsar at the end of the 17th century had already pronounced the name Tsongool (< WMong. Čongγol) in the variant Tsoŋgol, taking into account the fact that the designation of a vowel in the second syllable as a long one is a later orthographic phenomenon in Buryat. In other words, they were attested the resulted phonetic development [č] > [ts] and consistent vowel labialization in both syllables of the word, regardless of the peculiarity of the Tsongol dialect of Buryat language, where the development of WMong. [u] > [o] is observed. In this manner it can be interpreted the form of the tribal name known among the Barguzin Evenks čåŋgå̄lʹi̯r as reflected the first mentioned process. This point can also be confirmed by the data on onomastics of the persons associated with the Tsongols, attested in the later 17th century, where it can be found the development [č] > [ts] > [s]. It is discussed the problem of correlating two phonetic forms in connection with the chronology of the appearance of Tsongols in the territory of modern Buryatia. Despite the absence of any earlier information about the existence of a group with this name in the region, they are known the legends according to which the territory of origin of the Tsongols is localized in the valley of the Kuda River (in modern Irkutsk region), where a small group with the name Songool (Tsongool) was recorded back in the 19th century. Explaining the chronology of phonetic changes in a historical context requires future research.
Entanglement of Internal and External Property – Exchange and Trade in Oroqen Society
Authors:   Inner Mongolia University, Eduugdaat Y.
Published: September 2023

This research draws upon Karl Polanyi's concept of “substantivism” in economics and explores the internal and external categories of the Oroqen community in China, including the internal exchange between the Oroqen people and its natural and social environment, as well as the transaction between the Oroqen people and its external social environment. The description of “exchange” and “transaction” in the thesis includes an exploration of the exchange of hunting, dowry, and bridal gifts as well as exchanges primarily with “gods”, and the commercialization of their hunting products and hunting tools. The purpose of the description is to recognize and distinguish between the internal and external aspects of the community.
Ust-Yodarma 2 – a Reference Multilayered Geoarchaeological Site in the Northern Angara Region (Based on the Results of Work in 2009–2012)
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Lokhov D. N. , Lipnina E. A. ,   Irkutsk State University, Dudarek S. P. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: September 2023

The article presents the results of studying the material culture of the ancient population of the Northern Angara region from the multilayered geoarchaeological site of Ust-Yodarma 2. The site was located on the right cape of the Yodarma River at its confluence with the Angara River. Excavations were carried out in 2009–2012. As a result, 12 cultural levels were identified on the site in the chronological range from the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic to the ethnographic modernity (17th–20th centuries). The work was carried out on 4 excavations (more than 5 thousand square meters). A correlation was made between cultural levels from different excavations. Holocene deposits are most fully and clearly represented in excavation 1 in area A. Level 0 contains artifacts from the time of the development of the region by Russian pioneers in the 17th and 18th centuries to the modern stage of the existence of the Village Yodarma. Cultural levels 1–4 date from the Middle Ages, the Early Bronze Age, and the Final Neolithic. Levels 5– 8 contain only Neolithic artifacts, while materials from levels 9 and 10 are associated with the Mesolithic. In excavation 1 in area B, an Upper Paleolithic horizon was recorded. Neolithic and Mesolithic levels, as well as Bronze Age burials, have been radiocarbon dated. The total collection of artifacts includes more than 70 thousand finds. A technical and morphological analysis of ceramics, stone and bone tools was carried out. The collection of stone products is represented by products of primary knapping, facial processing, and finished tools (more than 40 thousand finds). Pottery was found in the form of separate fragments and vessels with different decoration techniques. The remains of at least 350 ceramic vessels (more than 14 thousand fragments) have been found. Artifacts made of bone and horn are represented by blanks, finished tools and their fragments, and a sculpture in the form of a moose head. Fire pits of different shapes and designs were recorded. A large number of fauna bones (hunting remains and kitchen refuse) were found. The analysis of artifacts in combination with stratigraphy and radiocarbon data makes it possible to identify the UstYodarma 2 site as a reference object for studying ancient cultures of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene of BaikalYenisei Siberia.