bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression of concern: The anti-Alzheimer potential of Tamarindus indica: an in vivo investigation supported by in vitro and in silico approaches
Authors: Elmaidomy Abeer H. , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan , Alsenani Faisal , Aly Hanan F. , Eldin Shams Shams Gamal , Younis Eman A. , Ahmed Kawkab A. , Sayed Ahmed M. , Owis Asmaa I. , Afifi Naglaa , El Amir Dalia
Published: January 2024

Expression of concern for ‘The anti-Alzheimer potential of Tamarindus indica: an in vivo investigation supported by in vitro and in silico approaches’ by Abeer H. Elmaidomy et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 11769–11785, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA01340A.
Kinetic modelling of glycolytic oscillations
Authors: van Niekerk David D. , van Wyk Morne , Kouril Theresa , Snoep Jacky L.
Published: January 2024

Glycolytic oscillations have been studied for well over 60 years, but aspects of their function, and mechanisms of regulation and synchronisation remain unclear. Glycolysis is amenable to mechanistic mathematical modelling, as its components have been well characterised, and the system can be studied at many organisational levels: in vitro reconstituted enzymes, cell free extracts, individual cells, and cell populations. In recent years, the emergence of individual cell analysis has opened new ways of studying this intriguing system.
A comprehensive performance evaluation algorithm for substation secondary equipment: An improved analytic hierarchy process entropy weight and learning vector quantization neural network approach
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Jianfei , Wang Sai , Chen Xuewei
Published: January 2024

This paper introduces a comprehensive performance evaluation algorithm explicitly designed for secondary equipment in substations, specifically targeting the relay protection system. In contrast to the current evaluation systems, this novel method navigates the complex internal interconnections and mechanisms inherent within secondary system equipment. Such complications have previously impeded the accuracy and breadth of evaluations, thereby limiting the degree of precision and innovation attainable within substations. The proposed approach effectively integrates the improved Analytic Hierarchy Process entropy weight (IAHP‐EW) method with the Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) neural network. Initially, the IAHP‐EW method identified the comprehensive evaluation indicators and their corresponding weights for relay protection devices. Following weight allocation, these evaluation indicators are scrutinized and computed utilizing the multivariate regression analysis algorithm, resulting in performance evaluation outcomes for the relay protection system. These outcomes are subsequently classified and utilized in training the LVQ neural network, promoting the network's capacity to autonomously evaluate the performance status of the relay protection system. To corroborate the viability and effectiveness of this proposed performance evaluation and prediction algorithm, empirical operating data from a local substation is used. The results suggest a significant improvement in the evaluation accuracy of secondary equipment performance, indicating potential for practical application and a valuable contribution to the field through the introduction of a novel approach to performance assessment of substation relay protection systems.
Into nonlinearity and beyond for Zernike-like wavefront sensors
Authors: Haffert S. Y.
Published: January 2024

Context. Telescopes like the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) and the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) will be used together with extreme adaptive optics (AO) instruments to directly image Earth-like planets. The AO systems will need to perform at the fundamental limit in order to image Earth twins. A crucial component is the wavefront sensor. Interferometric wavefront sensors, such as the Zernike wavefront sensor (ZWFS), have been shown to perform close to the fundamental sensitivity limit. However, sensitivity comes at the cost of linearity; the ZWFS has strong nonlinear behavior.

Aims. The aim of this work is to increase the dynamic range of Zernike-like wavefront sensors by using nonlinear reconstruction algorithms combined with phase sorting interferometry (PSI) and multi-wavelength measurements.

Methods. The response of the ZWFS is explored analytically and numerically.

Results. The proposed iterative (non)linear reconstructors reach the machine precision for small aberrations (<0.25 rad rms). Coupling the nonlinear reconstruction algorithm with PSI increases the dynamic range of the ZWFS by a factor of three to about 0.75 rad rms. Adding multiple wavebands doubles the dynamic range again, to 1.4 radians rms.

Conclusions. The ZWFS is one of the most sensitive wavefront sensors, but has a limited dynamic range. The ZWFS will be an ideal second-stage wavefront sensor if it is combined with the proposed nonlinear reconstruction algorithm.
LOFAR detection of extended emission around a mini halo in the galaxy cluster Abell 1413
Authors: Lusetti G. , Bonafede A. , Lovisari L. , Gitti M. , Ettori S. , Cassano R. , Riseley C. J. , Govoni F. , Brüggen M. , Bruno L. , van Weeren R. J. , Botteon A. , Hoang D. N. , Gastaldello F. , Ignesti A. , Rossetti M. , Shimwell T. W.
Published: January 2024

Context. The relation between giant radio halos and mini halos in galaxy clusters is not understood. The former are usually associated with merging clusters, while the latter are found in relaxed systems. In recent years, the advent of low-frequency radio observations has challenged this dichotomy by finding intermediate objects with a hybrid radio morphology.

Aims. We aim to investigate the presence of diffuse radio emission in the cluster Abell 1413 and determine its dynamical status to explore the relation between mini halos and giant radio halos.

Methods. We used LOFAR observations centred at 144 MHz to study the diffuse radio emission. To investigate the dynamical state of the system, we used newly analysed XMM-Newton archival data. Abell 1413 shows features that are typically present in both relaxed (e.g., peaked X-ray surface brightness distribution and some large-scale inhomogeneities) and disturbed (e.g., flatter temperature and metallicity profiles) clusters.

Results. This suggests that Abell 1413 is neither disturbed nor fully relaxed, and we argue that it is an intermediate-phase cluster. At 144 MHz, we discover a wider diffuse component surrounding the previously known mini halo at the cluster center. By fitting the radio surface-brightness profile with a double-exponential model, we can disentangle the two components. We find an inner mini halo with an e-folding radius, re, 1 = 28 ± 5 kpc, and an extended component with re, 2 = 290 ± 60 kpc. We also evaluated the point-to-point correlation between the radio and X-ray surface brightness, finding a sublinear relation for the outer emission and a superlinear relation for the mini halo. The mini halo and the diffuse emission extend over different scales and show different features, confirming the double nature of the radio emission and suggesting that the mechanisms responsible for the re-acceleration of the radio-emitting particle might be different.
Bars and boxy/peanut bulges in thin and thick discs
Authors: Ghosh Soumavo , Fragkoudi Francesca , Di Matteo Paola , Saha Kanak
Published: January 2024

Boxy/peanut (b/p) bulges, the vertically extended inner parts of bars, are ubiquitous in barred galaxies in the local Universe, including our own Milky Way. At the same time, the majority of external galaxies and the Milky Way also possess a thick disc. However, the dynamical effect of thick discs in the b/p formation and evolution is not fully understood. Here, we investigate the effect of thick discs in the formation and evolution of b/ps by using a suite of N-body models of (kinematically cold) thin and (kinematically hot) thick discs. Within the suite of models, we systematically vary the mass fraction of the thick disc, and the thin-to-thick disc scale length ratio. The b/ps form in almost all our models via a vertical buckling instability, even in the presence of a massive thick disc. The thin disc b/p is much stronger than the thick disc b/p. With an increasing thick-disc mass fraction, the final b/p structure becomes progressively weaker in strength and larger in extent. Furthermore, the time interval between the bar formation and the onset of buckling instability becomes progressively shorter with an increasing thick-disc mass fraction. The breaking and restoration of the vertical symmetry (during and after the b/p formation) show a spatial variation – the inner bar region restores vertical symmetry rather quickly (after the buckling), while in the outer bar region the vertical asymmetry persists long after the buckling happens. Our findings also predict that at higher redshifts, when discs are thought to be thicker, b/ps would have a more “boxy” appearance than an “X-shaped” one. This remains to be tested in future observations at higher redshifts.
Accelerated particle beams in a 3D simulation of the quiet Sun
Authors: Frogner L. , Gudiksen B. V.
Published: January 2024

Context. Charged particles are constantly accelerated to non-thermal energies by the reconnecting magnetic field in the solar atmosphere. Our understanding of the interactions between the accelerated particles and their environment can benefit considerably from three-dimensional atmospheric simulations that account for non-thermal particle beam generation and propagation. In a previous publication, we presented the first results from such a simulation, which considers quiet Sun conditions. However, the original treatment of beam propagation ignores potentially important phenomena such as the magnetic gradient forces associated with a converging or diverging magnetic field.

Aims. Here we present a more general beam propagation model incorporating magnetic gradient forces, the return current, acceleration by the ambient electric field, corrected collision rates due to the ambient temperature, and collisions with heavier elements than hydrogen and the free electrons they contribute. Neglecting collisional velocity randomisation makes the model sufficiently lightweight to simulate millions of beams. We investigate how each new physical effect in the model changes the non-thermal energy transport in a realistic three-dimensional atmosphere.

Methods. We applied the method of characteristics to the steady-state continuity equation for electron flux to derive ordinary differential equations for the mean evolution of energy, pitch angle, and flux with distance. For each beam, we solved these numerically for a range of initial energies to obtain the evolving flux spectrum, from which we computed the energy deposited into the ambient plasma.

Results. Magnetic gradient forces significantly influence the spatial distribution of deposited beam energy. The magnetic field converges strongly with depth in the corona above loop footpoints. This convergence leads to a small coronal peak in deposited energy followed by a heavy dip caused by the onset of magnetic mirroring. Magnetically reflected electrons carry away 5 to 10% of the injected beam energy on average. The remaining electrons are relatively energetic and produce a peak in deposited energy below the transition region a few hundred kilometres deeper than they would in a uniform magnetic field. A diverging magnetic field at the beginning of the trajectory, which is common in the simulation, enhances the subsequent impact of magnetic mirroring. The other new physical effects do not qualitatively alter the picture of non-thermal energy transport for the atmospheric conditions under consideration.
Statistical models of the variability of plasma in the topside ionosphere: 2. Performance assessment
Authors: Spogli Luca , Jin Yaqi , Urbář Jaroslav , Wood Alan G. , Donegan-Lawley Elizabeth E. , Clausen Lasse B.N. , Shahtahmassebi Golnaz , Alfonsi Lucilla , Rawlings James T. , Cicone Antonio , Kotova Daria , Cesaroni Claudio , Høeg Per , Dorrian Gareth D. , Nugent Luke D. , Elvidge Sean , Themens David R. , Aragón María José Brazal , Wojtkiewicz Pawel , Miloch Wojciech J.
Published: January 2024

Statistical models of the variability of plasma in the topside ionosphere based on the Swarm data have been developed in the “Swarm Variability of Ionospheric Plasma” (Swarm-VIP) project within the European Space Agency’s Swarm+4D-Ionosphere framework. The models can predict the electron density, its gradients for three horizontal spatial scales – 20, 50 and 100 km – along the North-South direction and the level of the density fluctuations. Despite being developed by leveraging on Swarm data, the models provide predictions that are independent of these data, having a global coverage, fed by various parameters and proxies of the helio-geophysical conditions. Those features make the Swarm-VIP models useful for various purposes, which include the possible support for already available ionospheric models and proxy of the effect of ionospheric irregularities of the medium scales that affect the signals emitted by Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). The formulation, optimisation and validation of the Swarm-VIP models are reported in Paper 1 (Wood et al. 2024. J Space Weather Space Clim. in press). This paper describes the performance assessment of the models, by addressing their capability to reproduce the known climatological variability of the modelled quantities, and the ionospheric weather as depicted by ground-based GNSS, as a proxy for the ionospheric effect on GNSS signals. Additionally, we demonstrate that, under certain conditions, the model can better reproduce the ionospheric variability than a physics-based model, namely the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE-GCM).
Innovations in the Assessment of Skeletal Muscle Health: A Glimpse
into the Future
Authors: Beausejour Jonathan P. , Knowles Kevan S. , Wilson Abigail T , Mangum L. Colby , Hill Ethan C. , Hanney William J. , Wells Adam J. , Fukuda David H. , Stout JeffreyR. , Stock Matt S.
Published: January 2024

Skeletal muscle is the largest organ system in the human body and plays critical
roles in athletic performance, mobility, and disease pathogenesis. Despite
growing recognition of its importance by major health organizations, significant
knowledge gaps remain regarding skeletal muscle health and its crosstalk with
nearly every physiological system. Relevant public health challenges like pain,
injury, obesity, and sarcopenia underscore the need to accurately assess
skeletal muscle health and function. Feasible, non-invasive techniques that
reliably evaluate metrics including muscle pain, dynamic structure,
contractility, circulatory function, body composition, and emerging biomarkers
are imperative to unraveling the complexities of skeletal muscle. Our concise
review highlights innovative or overlooked approaches for comprehensively
assessing skeletal muscle in vivo. We summarize recent advances in
leveraging dynamic ultrasound imaging, muscle echogenicity, tensiomyography,
blood flow restriction protocols, molecular techniques, body composition, and
pain assessments to gain novel insight into muscle physiology from cellular to
whole-body perspectives. Continued development of precise, non-invasive tools to
investigate skeletal muscle are critical in informing impactful discoveries in
exercise and rehabilitation science.
Autonomous drone swarms and the contested imaginaries of artificial intelligence
Authors: Weber Jutta
Published: January 2024

AI-based, autonomous weapon systems (AWS) have the potential of weapons of mass destruction and thereby massively add to the intensifying dialectic of fear between ground and space and the pervasive mass human vulnerability of being tracked and targeted from above. Nevertheless, the dangerous effects of the proliferation of AWS have not been and still are not widely acknowledged. On the one hand, the capabilities and effects of AWS are downplayed by the military and the arms industry staging these systems as precise and clean. Recently, it is also argued that they can be built on the basis of a ‘responsible’ or ‘trustworthy’ artificial intelligence (AI). On the other hand, inadequate sociotechnical imaginaries of AI as a conscious, evil super-intelligence circulated by Hollywood blockbuster films such as 'Terminator' or 'Ex Machina' dominate the public discourse. Their massive overstatement of the power of the technology and also their focus on often irrelevant imaginaries such as the ‘Terminator’ hinders a realistic understanding of the AI’s capabilities. Against this background, arms control advocates develop new imaginaries to show the loss of ‘meaningful human control’ (Sharkey 2016) and its problematic consequences. In October 2023, the deployment of autonomous military in the battlefield has already been officially confirmed by an Ukrainian drone company (Hambling 2023).
Superradiance and solids: Reduced description method
Authors: Lyagushyn S. , Sokolovsky A.
Published: January 2024

Spontaneous ordering in a system of excited emitters with a powerful short radiation pulse predicted by Dicke attracted the great attention of scientists for decades as a bright example of the nontrivial behavior of a nonequilibrium system. The Bogolyubov reduced description method has some advantages and provides new possibilities in the theoretical investigation of the Dicke process. The paper presents the authors’ results of modeling such processes concerning both optical ones in the presence of crystal lattice influence and acoustic superradiance, which is possible in solids. The right choice of reduced description parameters allows the account of atom motions (phonons), cavity influence, and excitations in the emitter system (excitons) in the electromagnetic radiation process. The mathematical analogy between the Dicke system and a spin system in a magnetic field opens the way to applying the reduced description technique to acoustic phenomena previously investigated with the boson variable elimination method. Such a new approach to superradiance in crystals with paramagnetic impurities and with competing mechanisms of relaxation (Wagner model) is outlined. Acoustic superradiance is discussed in connection with the problem of structural phase transitions.
Inter-provincial factors decomposition and decoupling analysis of generalized agricultural carbon emissions in China
Authors: Wen Lei , Xue Wenyu
Published: January 2024

China, a country with a long-standing agricultural legacy, is increasingly prioritizing the reduction of CO2 emissions from its agricultural sector. Initially, the carbon emission sources within the agricultural sector are classified into two categories: direct and indirect emissions. Using this classification, the study calculates the generalized agricultural carbon emissions (GACEs) of 30 provinces in China between 2011 and 2020. To further understand the factors influencing GACEs, the paper employs the logarithmic mean Divisia index method and Tapio decoupling index to analyze seven key factors. These factors include carbon emission intensity, energy consumption of generalized agriculture, and economic benefit level of energy consumption. By comparing the impact and changes of GACEs during the 12th and 13th five-year plan periods, the study reveals valuable insights. The findings suggest that carbon emission intensity plays a crucial role in suppressing GACEs, while the level of economic development acts as a catalyst for their increase. By effectively managing these influencing factors, the paper proposes that the increase in GACEs can be effectively suppressed, and the achievement of agricultural CO2 reduction goals can be expedited.
Physics-based modeling of surface potential and leakage current for vertical Ga2O3 FinFET
Authors: Titirsha Twisha , Shuvo Md Maruf Hossain , Gahl John M. , Kamrul Islam Syed
Published: January 2024

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) is a promising ultra-wide bandgap material offering a large bandgap (>4.7 eV) and high critical electric fields. The increasing demand for electronic devices for high-power applications in electric automobiles, high-performance computing, green energy technologies, etc., requires higher voltages and currents with enhanced efficiency. Vertical transistors, such as fin-shaped field-effect transistors (FinFETs) have emerged to meet the growing need with improved current handling capabilities, reduced resistance, and enhanced thermal performance. However, to fully exploit the Ga2O3 power transistors, precise and reliable physics-driven models are crucial. Therefore, a comprehensive surface potential model has been developed in this work for a vertical Ga2O3 FinFET. The electric potential across the channel is explained by analyzing the two-dimensional (2D) Poisson equation employing parabolic approximation. Such a surface potential model is instrumental in determining the performance of the Ga2O3 FinFET as it affects the threshold voltage, the drain current, and fringing capacitance. Exploiting the surface potentials, a fringing capacitance model is derived which is crucial in analyzing the speed of the device in compact integrated circuits. In addition, statistical analysis of the Ga2O3 FinFET using the Monte Carlo simulation technique is performed to determine the leakage current fluctuation due to doping variations. The validation of the analytical model with experimental results confirms the effectiveness and prospects of the developed models in the rapid development and characterization of next-generation high-performance vertical Ga2O3 power transistors.
Investigation of high enthalpy thermochemical nonequilibrium flow over spheres
Authors: Guo Jinghui , Wang Xiaoyong , Li Sijia
Published: January 2024

The hypersonic high enthalpy nitrogen flows over spheres are investigated by high-fidelity state-to-state (StS) modeling. The objective of the study is to understand the nonequilibrium behaviors in the shock layer, including the stagnation line features, surface heat transfer rate, and near-wall properties inside the thermal boundary layer. Two cases with the freestream total enthalpies of 16.5 and 15.5 MJ/kg are considered, and the numerical results are compared with the experimental data. The StS model yields an accurate prediction of the shock stand-off distance with the experiment rather than an underestimation by the traditional two-temperature model. Both the StS and two-temperature models provide general agreement of the stagnation point heat flux with the experiment. In comparison, the heat flux obtained by the StS model is lower than the two-temperature model. Note that our work finds distinctive behaviors of near-wall properties. The vibrational energy is not accommodated with the sphere surface and is in thermal nonequilibrium with the translational energy, with evidence showing that the vibrational temperature is much higher than the wall temperature and the translational temperature. The values of vibrational temperature in the immediate vicinity of the stagnation point are 9.3 and 10.0 times the wall temperature for the cases with total enthalpies of 16.5 and 15.5 MJ/kg, respectively. Moreover, the vibration temperature demonstrates a nonmonotonic variation trend with a local minimum, which can be explained by the nonequilibrium distributions of vibrational energy states due to vibrational-translational energy transfer and molecular recombination.
Elastic and electronically inelastic scattering of electrons by 2H-pyran and 4H-pyran molecules
Authors: Silva Murilo O. , Moreira Giseli M. , Bettega Márcio H. F. , da Costa Romarly F.
Published: January 2024

We report on elastic and electronically inelastic integral and differential cross sections for electron collisions with the 2H-pyran and 4H-pyran molecules. The scattering calculations were performed with the Schwinger multichannel method and aimed to (i) investigate the formation of resonant states, (ii) assign and compare the resonance spectrum of these isomers, and (iii) evaluate the influence of multichannel coupling effects upon elastic and electronically inelastic scattering processes. In the elastic channel, calculations carried out at the static-exchange and static-exchange plus polarization levels of approximation revealed the presence of three shape resonances for each one of the pyran isomers. For the 2H-pyran molecule, we found two resonances related to the formation of long-lived π∗ anion states that are centered at 1.38 or 1.32 eV (π1∗) and 4.54 or 4.46 eV (π2∗), depending on the polarization model used in the calculations, and a broad resonance of σ∗ character located around 9.50–10.00 eV. The resonances observed in the case of the 4H-pyran molecule have the same character with centers located at 2.08 or 2.20 eV (π1∗), 3.92 or 3.94 eV (π2∗), and 9.24–10.00 or 9.50–10.00 eV (σ∗), depending on the polarization model used in the calculations. The difference in the position of the resonances when comparing the results for the 2HPY and 4HPY molecules is explained in terms of the inductive effect. The electronically inelastic calculations employed the minimal orbital basis for single configuration interactions strategy and considered up to 129 open channels for 2H-pyran and up to 249 open channels for 4H-pyran. According to these levels of channel coupling, we computed integral and differential cross sections for the excitation from the ground state to the 13A′, 23A′, 11A′′, and 21A′ electronic excited states of 2H-pyran and to the 13B2, 13A1, 11B1, and 11B2 electronic excited states of 4H-pyran. As a general trend, for both isomers, we observed that the magnitude of the cross sections is reduced as more channels are considered open in the scattering calculations. We also obtained the total ionization cross sections for 2H- and 4H-pyran using the binary-encounter-Bethe model, which next was summed to the elastic and electronically inelastic cross sections to estimate the total cross sections. As a whole, these results correspond to the first set of cross sections for these targets published to date. Such an effort is aimed at addressing the demand of different communities regarding the expansion of the cross section data set for electron collisions with molecules of technological, environmental, and biological relevance, a need that has been raised by several reviews on the subject.
Immobilisation efficacy of conducted electrical weapons on captive white-tailed deer
Authors: Grunwald Patrick J. , Ruder Mark G. , Osborn David A. , Muller Lisa I. , Goode Kaitlin O. , D’Angelo Gino J.
Published: January 2024

Context Wildlife emergencies (e.g. injured animals) often require capture or humane dispatch of animals to resolve the situation. Conducted electrical weapons (CEWs) have the potential to immobilise white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) for a short duration to avoid potential risks of extended immobilisation (e.g. chemical immobilisation) and increase safety for managers and the public during humane killing by gunshot. Aims To test rapid immobilisation with minimal long-term physiological consequences of CEW immobilisation of white-tailed deer. Methods We arranged five treatment groups of captive deer, including (1) chemical immobilisation with 5-s CEW exposure (n = 5), (2) chemical immobilisation with 15-s CEW exposure (n = 5), (3) 5-s CEW exposure with no chemical immobilisation (n = 10), (4) 15-s CEW exposure with no chemical immobilisation (n = 10) and (5) a control group with no chemical immobilisation or CEW exposure (n = 10). We conducted treatments 1 and 2 to determine short-term physiological effects of CEWs on deer, related to overall welfare. In treatment groups 1 and 2, we sedated deer to collect blood immediately before CEW exposure, and 2 days and 5 days post-exposure for serum biochemical analysis (to measure physiological markers of organ and tissue damage). We observed deer before, during and after treatments to evaluate potential behavioural changes. Key results All deer showed signs of muscle paralysis immediately after exposure to CEW and regained muscle control immediately after the exposure ended. Serum biochemistry results for treatment group 1 and 2 revealed significant increases in creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 2 days post-treatment, before returning to pre-exposure concentrations by day 5-post-exposure, suggesting temporary myopathy. By 15-days post-exposure, deer that were only exposed to the CEW had 27 of 39 (69%) remotely fired probes still attached. No long-term behavioural or physiological changes were observed post-treatment. Conclusions Our findings suggest that for immobilisation of white-tailed deer, short-term exposure to a CEW to is a potential alternative to typical capture techniques and can provide sufficient immobilisation to approach and humanely kill deer by gunshot if necessary in wildlife emergencies. Implications As with all capture techniques, trainings and protocols should be developed to ensure the safety of personnel and animals during CEW exposures.
Variation in the Fataluku voiced coronal (j)
Authors: Grama James , Heston Tyler M. , Ross Melody Ann
Published: January 2024

This paper represents the first variationist investigation of the voiced coronal phone (j) in Fataluku, a Papuan
language of Timor-Leste. Here, we implement the Boruta algorithm at the front end of our analysis pipeline to quantify predictor
importance, then use classification trees and mixed-effects regression to disentangle observed effects. Analysis suggests that
word position is highly predictive of (j) realization, with glides more likely word-medially and obstruents word-initially. Region
is an important predictor word-medially; speakers in Tutuala show nearly categorical [j], indicating strong allophony. Outside of
Tutuala, medial tokens vary according to gender and education; among speakers with limited formal education, men show higher rates
of glides than women, but speakers with secondary education exhibit higher obstruent rates and no gender differences. Initial
tokens, by contrast, are undergoing a change in progress towards affricate realizations. We interpret these findings in the
context of locally-specific conceptions of place for Fataluku people in Timor-Leste, particularly that of Tutuala.
Erratum for ‘Dyadic Green’s function for a topological insulator stratified sphere’, Physica Scripta
98 055504 (2023)
Authors: Xie Huai-Yi
Published: January 2024

We regret some errors and correct them in Phys. Scr. 98 055504 (2023).
Exploring cone-shaped solitons, breather, and lump-forms solutions using the lie symmetry method and unified approach to a coupled breaking soliton model
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Dhiman Shubham Kumar
Published: January 2024

In this research article, we investigate the coupled breaking soliton (cBS) model using two distinct analytical methods, namely, the Lie symmetry approach and the Unified method. We start by applying the Lie group technique to the cBS model, allowing us to establish infinitesimals, vector fields, commutative and adjoint tables, and an adjoint transformation matrix. Through the utilization of the adjoint transformation matrix, we identify a one-dimensional optimal system of subalgebras. This essential stage allows the cBS model to be reduced into several collections of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) relating to similarity variables resulting from symmetry reduction. By solving these ODE systems under specific parametric constraints, we successfully obtain exact solutions in terms of closed form. Furthermore, the Unified method is employed to address the governing equation, leading us to deduce polynomial and rational function solutions. The dynamic behaviours and characteristics of these such solutions are comprehensively explored through 3-dimensional (3D) plots and contour plots. The graphics show breather solitons, cone-shaped solitons, lump solitons, and patterns of flower petals, periodic solitons, and solitary waves. Additionally, we have connected our mathematical findings with real-world phenomena, which enrich our research work. Furthermore, breathers and lumps arise in many fields of mathematical physics, including fluid dynamics, plasma physics, ocean engineering, nonlinear optics, and physical sciences, as well as several other areas of nonlinear dynamics.
Study on the piezoelectric properties and the mechanism of strain-regulated piezoelectricity in flexible Janus monolayers Cr2X3Y3 (X/Y = Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Xu Furong , Dai Songli , Cen Weifu , Zeng Qinghua , Tian Zean
Published: January 2024

Piezoelectric materials hold significant promise in piezoelectric electronics and piezoelectric optoelectronics. As a new member of this family, the 2D Janus structures characterized by central symmetry breaking have attracted much attention due to the out-of-plane piezoelectric effects. In this work, the mechanical, piezoelectric properties, and the strain regulation mechanism of Juans structure material (Cr2X3Y3, X/Y = Cl, Br, I) are systematically investigated by the first-principles methods. The calculated mechanical properties show that Cr2X3Y3 with a lower Young’s modulus of 27.31∼29.76 N m−1 is more sensitive to applied stresses, theoretically exhibiting exceptional piezoelectric properties. The in-plane piezoelectric coefficients d
11 for Cr2Br3Cl3, Cr2I3Cl3, and Cr2I3Br3 are 4.92, 9.89, and 7.86 pm V−1, respectively; the out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficients d
31 are 1.13, 2.33, and 1.64 pm V−1, respectively. Cr2I3Cl3 has the highest values of d
11 and d
31 due to the large electronegativity difference between iodine and chlorine atoms. Based on the analysis, it can be deduced that Cr2X3Y3 demonstrates substantial piezoelectric responses in both in- and out-of-plane, with potential strain regulation effects. The d
31 values of Cr2I3Cl3 show an approximately linear relationship to strain in the range from −2% to 4% and remain consistently above 2.10 pm V−1 across a broader range of strain from −4% to 6%, underscoring its robustness to strain. Our study indicates that two-dimensional Janus Cr2X3Y3 monolayers would emerge as promising candidates for diverse applications in multifunctional electronic devices.
Parameter estimation of the Bardeen-Kerr black hole in cloud of strings using shadow analysis
Authors: Kumar Vishvakarma Bijendra , Veer Singh Dharm , Siwach Sanjay
Published: January 2024

We consider the rotating generalization of the Bardeen black hole solution in the presence of a cloud of strings (CoS). The parameter space for which the black hole horizon exists is determined. We also study the static limit surface and the ergo-region in the presence of the CoS parameter. We consider photon orbits and obtain the deformation of black hole shadows due to rotation for various values of the CoS parameter. The shadow deformation is used to determine the black hole spin for different values of the black hole parameters.
Generalized GHZ entanglement states for optimal rotation detection of quantum spin systems using majorana representation
Authors: Mafi Yousef , Kazemikhah Payman , Kookani Ali , Aghababa Hossein , Kolahdouz Mohammadreza
Published: January 2024

A multitude of engineering and scientific applications require the estimation of an unknown axis’ rotation, known as the reference frame alignment problem. These problems can be categorized using the quantum Cramer–Rao bound. Detecting rotations is typically focused on smaller angles, as errors are more significant in this range. Therefore, selecting the optimal combination of measurement techniques based on a quantum entangled state for a particular setup is a critical step. This paper proposes a linear combination of anticoherence and coherence measures based on the generalized GHZ entanglement states. The anticoherence measures, optimizes the spin system’s average fidelity in detecting rotated states, while the overlap between states in any spin number is minimal. The optimal quantum rotosensors are characterized by the minimal average fidelity given by the overlap before and after averaging over all directions. The individual subsystems’ states have substantial overlap with GHZ states, making the generalized GHZ state the entanglement quantum spin-j state with coherence decay rate ϵ beneficial in finding the optimal rotation detection on noncoherent entanglement state.
Second sound of heat conduction in one-dimensional dielectric materials
Authors: Xu Mingtian
Published: January 2024

Although recent experiment have shown that second sound can occur in graphite above 200 K, there have been no reports of second sound being observed in low-dimensional materials. In the present work, based on phonon hydrodynamics we found that second sound can occur in a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) with a length of no less than 2.1333 microns and no more than 2.1209e-4 meters for the initial temperature field with sinusoidal changes in the axial direction. The constraint conditions for relaxation times of the normal and resistive scatterings, as well as the conditions for the axial length and initial temperature distribution required for the occurrence of the second sound in dielectric nanowires are also derived from the Guyer-Krumhansl equations. For both SWCNTs and nanowires it was found that the small normal scattering relaxation time and large resistive scattering relaxation time are beneficial for the occurrence of second sound. Our results show that in comparison with two-dimensional materials, such as graphene, it is easier to experimentally excite second sound in the SWCNTs.
Raman spectroscopy assisted support vector machine: a steadfast tool for noninvasive classification of urinary glucose of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Rehan Imran , Khan Saranjam , Ullah Rahat
Published: January 2024

The currentstudy presents the application of a Raman spectroscopy-assisted Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm for the analysis and classification of urine samples of diabetes mellitus and healthy control subjects. Raman spectra of pathological as well as control samples were acquired in the spectral range of 600 to 1800 cm−1. Spectral differences were observed in Raman spectra of diabetic and non-diabetic urine samples based on variations in their chemical composition. Effective machine-learning techniques were utilized to highlight the spectral differences between diabetic and normal urine samples. Data classification was carried out by using SVM models with different kernel functions: radial basis function (RBF), polynomial function, linear function, and sigmoid. The algorithm classifies data sets into different classes based on even subtle variations in the spectral features. The classification performance of the model was evaluated by employing a 10-fold cross-validation method. The best performance was obtained with RBF having a diagnostic accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, F-score, and AUC of approximately 94%, 100%, 90%, 100%, 0.94, and 0.99 respectively.
Towards a model of photon-axion conversion in the host galaxy of GRB 221009A
Authors: Troitsky Sergey
Published: January 2024

GRB 221009A was the brightest gamma-ray burst ever detected on Earth. In its early afterglow phase, photons with exceptional energies above 10 TeV were observed by LHAASO, and a photon-like air shower above 200 TeV was detected by Carpet-2. Gamma rays of very high energies can hardly reach us from the distant GRB because of pair production on cosmic background radiation. Though final results on the highest-energy photons from this GRB have not been published yet, a number of particle-physics solutions to this problem were discussed in recent months. One of the most popular ones invokes the mixing of photons with axion-like particles (ALPs). Whether this is a viable scenario, depends crucially on the magnetic fields along the line of sight, which are poorly known. Here, we use the results of recent Hubble Space Telescope observations of the host galaxy of GRB 221009A, combined with magnetic-field measurements and simulations for other galaxies, to construct a toy model of the host-galaxy magnetic field and to estimate the rate of the photon-axion conversion there. Thanks, in particular, to the exceptional edge-on orientation of the host galaxy, strong mixing appears to be natural, both for LHAASO and Carpet-2 energy bands, for a wide range of ALP masses m ≲ 10-5 eV and photon couplings g ≳ 10-11 GeV-1.
Search for GeV gamma-ray emission from SPT-SZ selected galaxy clusters with 15 years of Fermi-LAT data
Authors: Manna Siddhant , Desai Shantanu
Published: January 2024

Galaxy clusters could produce gamma-rays from inverse Compton scattering of cosmic ray electrons or hadronic interactions of cosmic ray protons with the intracluster medium. It is still an open question on whether gamma-ray emission (> GeV energies) has been detected from galaxy clusters. We carry out a systematic search for gamma-ray mission based on 300 galaxy clusters selected from the 2500 deg2 SPT-SZ survey after sorting them in descending order of M
500/z
2, using about 15 years of Fermi-LAT data in the energy range between 1–300 GeV. We were able to detect gamma-ray emission with significance of about 6.1σ from one cluster, viz. SPT-CL J2012-5649. The estimated photon energy flux from this cluster is approximately equal to 1.3 × 10-6 MeV cm-2 s-1. The gamma-ray signal is observed between 1–10 GeV with the best-fit spectral index equal to -3.61 ± 0.33. However, since there are six radio galaxies spatially coincident with SPT-CL J2012-5649 within the Fermi-LAT PSF, we cannot rule out the possibility this signal could be caused by some of these radio galaxies.
Six other SPT-SZ clusters show evidence for gamma-ray emission with significance between 3–5σ.
None of the remaining clusters show statistically significant evidence for gamma-ray emission.
Distinguishing thermal histories of dark matter from structure formation
Authors: Huang Fei , Li Yuan-Zhen , Yu Jiang-Hao
Published: January 2024

It is important to understand the implications of current observational constraints and potential signatures on the thermal history of dark matter.
In this paper, we build the connection between the present-day velocities and the production mechanism of dark matter and find that the current observation on structure formation can be imposed to constrain the decoupling temperatures and the phase-space distribution of dark matter.
We further explore the potential of distinguishing different possible thermal histories of dark matter with hypothetical future observational data.
Using the freeze-in/-out scenarios as templates, we find that future precision data may uniquely identify the allowed parameter spaces for freeze-in and freeze-out, or even completely rule out one of the scenarios.
This method can be more generally applied to other scenarios.
On the stability of string-hole gas
Authors: Bitnaya Denis , Conzinu Pietro , Marozzi Giovanni
Published: January 2024

Focusing on a string-hole gas within the pre-big bang scenario, we study the stability of its solutions in the phase space.
We firstly extend the analysis present in the literature relaxing the ideal-gas properties of the string-hole gas, taking into account a (bulk-) viscosity term. Then we consider the case of a theory described by a complete O(d,d)-invariant action up to all orders in
α'-corrections (the Hohm-Zwiebach action), studying the stability of the string-hole gas solution with or without the introduction of the viscosity term.
Furthermore, the bulk viscosity is also considered for two different first order α'-corrected actions: the Gasperini-Maggiore-Veneziano-action and the
Meissner-action.
The results obtained show how the viscosity can help to stabilize the string-hole gas solution, obtaining constraints on the equation of state of the gas.
cTBS over primary motor cortex increased contralateral corticomuscular coupling and interhemispheric functional connection
Authors: Xu Rui , Zhang Haichao , Liu Shizhong , Meng Lin , Ming Dong
Published: January 2024

Objective. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that changes the activity of the cerebral cortex. Contralesional continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) has been proposed and verified beneficial to stroke motor recovery. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Approach. 20 healthy right-handed subjects were recruited in this study, receiving real-cTBS over their left primary motor cortex or sham-cTBS. We designed the finger tapping task (FTT) before and after stimulation and recorded the accuracy and reaction time (RT) of the task. The electroencephalogram and surface electromyogram signals were recorded during the left finger pinching task (FPT) before and after stimulation. We calculated cortico-muscular coherence (CMC) in the contralateral hemisphere and cortico-cortical coherence (CCC) in the bilateral hemisphere. The two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the effect of cTBS. Main results. In the FTT, there was a significant main effect of ‘time’ on RT (F(1, 38) = 24.739, p < 0.001). In the FPT, the results showed that there was a significant interaction effect on the CMC peak and area in the beta band (peak: F(1, 38) = 8.562, p = 0.006; area: F(1, 38) = 5.273, p = 0.027), on the CCC peak in the alpha band (F(1, 38) = 4.815, p = 0.034) and area in the beta band (F(1, 38) = 4.822, p= 0.034). The post hoc tests showed that the CMC peak (W = 20, p = 0.002), the CMC area (W = 13, p = 0.003) and the CCC peak (t = −2.696, p = 0.014) increased significantly after real-cTBS. However, there was no significant decrease or increase after sham-cTBS. Significance. Our study found that cTBS can improve CMC of contralateral hemisphere and CCC of bilateral hemisphere, indicating that cTBS can strengthen cortico-muscular and cortico-cortical coupling.
Subdiffusion in an array of solid obstacles
Authors: Postnikov Eugene B , Sokolov Igor M
Published: January 2024

More than a decade ago, Goychuk reported on a universal behavior of subdiffusive motion (as described by the generalized Langevin equation) in a one-dimensional bounded periodic potential (Goychuk 2009 Phys. Rev. E 80 046125) where the numerical findings show that the long-time behavior of the mean squared displacement is not influenced by the potential, so that the behavior in the potential, under homogenization, is the same as in its absence. This property may break down if the potential is unbounded. In the present work, we report on the results of simulations of subdiffusion in a two-dimensional (2D) periodic array of solid obstacles (i.e. in an unbounded potential) with different packing fractions. It is revealed that the universal subdiffusive behavior at long times is not influenced by the presence of solid scatterers, whose presence influences the behavior at intermediate times only. This result is discussed as having possible relations to the emerging problem of interpretation of results on trajectories of tracers spreading in the brain’s extracellular space.
Towards a quadratic Poisson algebra for the subtracted classical monodromy of symmetric space sine-Gordon theories
Authors: Delduc F , Hoare B , Magro M
Published: January 2024

Symmetric space sine-Gordon theories are two-dimensional massive integrable field theories, generalising the sine-Gordon and complex sine-Gordon theories. To study their integrability properties on the real line, it is necessary to introduce a subtracted monodromy matrix. Moreover, since the theories are not ultralocal, a regularisation is required to compute the Poisson algebra for the subtracted monodromy. In this article, we regularise and compute this Poisson algebra for certain configurations, and show that it can both satisfy the Jacobi identity and imply the existence of an infinite number of conserved quantities in involution.