bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Parental Social Class and Endorsement of Items on the Protestant Ethic and Conservatism Scales
Authors: Gonsalves Sandra Virginia , Bernard Godwin Anthony
Published: September 2011

The influence of family background, especially parental social class on offsprings' value orientations has led to much debate. The correlations between parental social class and endorsement of the Mirels and Garrett Protestant Ethic Scale and Wilson and Patterson's Conservatism Scale for a sample of 108 undergraduates were significant between lower-class background and endorsement on both scales.
Social Class Bias of Practicing Attorneys
Authors: Gordon Robert H. , Bauer Georgia
Published: September 2011

This study investigated the influence of a criminal defendant's social class on private practicing attorneys' evaluations of an interview between a criminal defendant and his attorney. 50 practicing attorneys, as volunteer subjects, rated an artificially constructed transcript of an interview relating to the defendant's arrest. Ratings were based on 10 Likert-type scales measuring personality variables and legal sophistication of the defendant. One-half of the subjects rated the transcript with a lower-class social history appended; the other half rated the same transcript with a middle-class social history appended. The evaluations of the defendant were not influenced by the defendant's social class.
Social Correlates of Alienation among Chinese College Students in Hong Kong
Authors: Ma Li-Chen
Published: September 2011

This paper examined the major social correlates of alienation found earlier in the empirical studies obtained with US and Eastern samples to see if they held among college students in Hong Kong. 154 students enrolled in a public-supported college in Hong Kong were administered a revised form of the alienation scale developed by Zeller, Neal, and Groat. Analyses indicated that similar to most findings obtained from Taiwanese, only school class standing and type of parenting were significant.
Alcohol and Aggression: Pharmacological versus Expectancy Effects
Authors: Gustafson Roland
Published: September 2011

An expectancy hypothesis has been put forward to explain the relationship between alcohol intoxication and aggressive behavior. An experiment tested this hypothesis using a balanced placebo design. The experiment was performed within a modified version of the Buss “shock-machine” procedure. Subjects were randomly assigned to either an alcohol-drinking group or a tonic-drinking group. Each group was further subdivided into one informed that the drink contained alcohol and one informed that the drink contained only tonic. Subjects' expectancies concerning the effects of alcohol on aggression were actively manipulated. Aggressive behavior was measured both in an absolute and a relative way. Given difficulties with the procedural deception about the drink, it was not possible to evaluate pure pharmacological effects. Results did not support an expectancy interpretation in that the two alcohol-drinking groups were more aggressive than the two tonic-drinking groups. Results were discussed in terms of methodology explaining the difference in results between the present study and a similar study by Lang, et al. in 1975.
Aggressive Responses of Adolescents to an Hypothetical Frustrative Situation
Authors: Tachibana Yoshiharu , Hasegawa Etsushi
Published: September 2011

243 male and 279 female Japanese adolescents attended the research as subjects scoring high and low in aggression. The 522 subjects were asked to estimate their anger and aggression after they were presented an hypothetical frustrative situation. How frustrators' intentionality to harm-doing and arbitrariness of frustration influence the retaliative response of subjects high and low in aggression was examined. Subjects high in aggression mostly showed stronger retaliative response than subjects low in aggression whatever the frustrator's intention was, although it was hypothesized that high group would show more aggression than the low group only when frustrator's intention to do harm was ambiguous.
Prediction of Academic Success in a University Honors Program
Authors: Coursol Diane H. , Wagner Edwin E.
Published: September 2011

The utility of cognitive and biographical variables for the prediction of academic success in a University honors program was investigated. Several variables modestly predicted both college grade point average and final graduation from the honors program. Results were generally supportive of previous research.
Stability of Attachment across Time and Context in a Dutch Sample
Authors: Goossens F. A. , Van Ijzendoorn M. H. , Tavecchio L. W. C. , Kroonenberg P. M.
Published: September 2011

Children were observed twice in Ainsworth's Strange Situation to measure the stability of their attachment relationship with the caregiver across 1 mo. To get some insight into the ecological validity of the procedure, the children were randomly divided over four sets of conditions: the home-home, home-lab, lab-home, and lab-lab conditions. The test-retest reliability of the interactive scores was high as was the stability of the classifications. The results of the Strange Situation at home and in the laboratory remain non-comparable.
The Quality of Helpfulness: A Research Approach
Authors: Shulman Dennis G.
Published: September 2011

Sociometric rating scales assessing such dimensions as empathic sensitivity, open-mindedness, trustworthiness, and helpfulness were completed by 202 subjects in 16 peer groups. On the basis of these sociometric questionnaires, the 16 subjects rated as most helpful and least helpful (top and bottom four percent of the distribution) were selected for further study. These subjects completed additional questionnaires and participated in a small-group, structured exercise which allowed trained judges to assess the subjects' behavior on a number of variables. The results were (a) that those subjects seen as helpful and unhelpful by members of the long-term peer groups were similarly seen as helpful and unhelpful by relative strangers indicating the identifiability and stability of helpfulness as a personal characteristic and (b) there was strong agreement between sociometric ratings of personality dimensions and judge-rated behavioral assessments of the same dimensions indicating the validity of peer perceptions. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the training and selection of professional helpers and in terms of their methodological significance.
Negative Life Stress and Anxiety: Problem Solving as a Moderator Variable
Authors: Nezu Arthur. M.
Published: September 2011

The present study evaluated the moderating role that social problem solving would serve in relation to negative life stress and both state and trait anxiety. 310 university students completed the Life Experience Survey, the Problem Solving Inventory, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Multiple regression analyses supported problem solving as a moderator variable and confirmed previous research in which a significant relationship was obtained between negative life events and anxiety. Also neither state nor trait anxiety was related to positive life events.
Of the Psychometric Properties of the Manifest Needs Questionnaire
Authors: Konovsky Mary , Dalton Dan R. , Todor William D.
Published: September 2011

Recent work has questioned the psychometric properties of the Manifest Needs Questionnaire. The present analysis suggests that this instrument's subscales exhibit unacceptably low levels of internal consistency. Moreover, the factor structure of this instrument does not coincide with that suggested by the existing version of the questionnaire. The rather harsh admonition that “the MNQ does not seem well suited for organizational studies” may have been responsibly placed.
Sex-Typed Occupational Roles and Self-Image among Teachers
Authors: Smith Kenneth E.
Published: September 2011

Specific levels within the teaching profession are stereotypically perceived to be sex-typed. To investigate the effects of cross-sex occupational choices on self-image, 60 teachers were given a modified version of the Bern Sex Role Inventory. Analysis of scores on Bern's scale showed male preschool teachers less masculine and more feminine than male high school teachers, and female high school teachers more masculine and less feminine than female preschool teachers.
Effects of Expectancy-Confirmation Processes and Applicants' Qualifications on Recruiters' Evaluations
Authors: Powell Gary N.
Published: September 2011

The present study examined the simultaneous effects of 53 college recruiters' preinterview impressions regarding expected applicants and their assessments of applicants' actual qualifications on their postinterview evaluations of 145 actual applicants. Path analysis indicated that expectancy-confirmation processes were marginally present in recruiters' evaluations of applicants, such that recruiters who evaluated expected applicants more favorably prior to receipt of information on applicants also gave more favorable evaluations to actual applicants. However, applicants' qualifications had far greater effect on evaluations of applicants.
Credibility of Sources of Communication on Products' Safety Hazards
Authors: Lirtzman Sidney I. , Shuv-Ami Avichai
Published: September 2011

Fear-inducing communications about actual or potential safety hazards of products, are increasingly encountered. These emanate mainly from government agencies and reflect the belief that rational consumers will act to minimize potential risk. Research has shown that credibility of a message source is directly related to effectiveness and persuasion of one message. Although observers have assumed that use of government sources would maximize source credibility in the case of communications about products' safety hazards, recent analyses suggest that this may not be the case. The present research tests two hypotheses with respect to communications of hazard, that government agencies will not necessarily achieve the source with highest credibility among consumers, and that attitude change will be greater among consumers perceiving a source other than the government to be the most credible. Findings are repotted for three studies of different samples of consumers. One involved an experiment in which consumers were exposed to safety warnings supposedly issued by a government agency about a common product. Two involved surveys, the first in the wake of the Tylenol poisonings and the second in the context of industrial buying practices in industrial settings. Results support the hypotheses. Theoretical bases for such findings are offered, and implications for public policy ate discussed.
Monetary Incentives to Improve Follow-up Data Collection
Authors: Kramer F. Matthew , Jeffery Robert W. , Snell Mary Kaye
Published: September 2011

Loss of subjects during follow-up is a frequent occurrence in outcome research on habit disorders. This attrition may have undesirable effects on statistical power, effect-size estimation, and causal inferences. The present study investigated the effects of offering subjects a monetary incentive of $0.00, $5.00, or $15.00 as a cost effective alternative to normal follow-up procedures for attending a scheduled follow-up meeting. The results indicate that these modest incentives did not significantly enhance attendance at the follow-up visit. Suggestions for future applications of monetary incentives in follow-up data collection are provided.
Police Performance in Resolving Family Disputes: What Makes the Difference?
Authors: Bandy Carole , Buchanan Dale Richard , Pinto Cynthia
Published: September 2011

A simulated domestic disturbance was used to examine the differences in skills of police officers who had been trained in the use of family crisis techniques and untrained officers in their interventions in successfully resolving and defusing domestic quarrels. The subjects were rated by expert police judges on their over-all ability to intervene in domestic disputes, on seven global behavioral/psychological ratings of effectiveness, and on a 24-item behavioral rating scale. Trained officers performed significantly better than did untrained officers in their over-all handling of the simulated quarrel and one of the global behavioral/psychological skills, the ability to defuse the emotional intensity of the argument. Implications for future research are given in terms of the importance of the tactic of defusing. It is also suggested that simulation exercises may be a useful method for police research when the actual event is not accessible to observation.
Correlations of Scores on the WISC—R, Stanford-Binet, the Slosson Intelligence Test, and the Developing Cognitive Abilities Test for Intellectually Gifted Youth
Authors: Karnes Frances A. , Whorton James E. , Currie Billie Bob , Cantrall Steven W.
Published: September 2011

For a sample of 173 intellectually gifted students, percentiles from the Developing Cognitive Abilities Test were correlated with IQs from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised, Stanford-Binet, and Slosson Intelligence Test—Revised. Although the coefficients of the WISC—R and Slosson with the DCAT tended to be significant, they were too low to have practical meaning and those with Stanford-Binet IQs were nonsignificant.
Multidimensional Health Locus of Control: A New Perspective on the Psychopathology of Anxiety and Depression?
Authors: Quinn David , Norris Hugh
Published: September 2011

The primary purpose of the study was to assess the validity of the reported relationship between an ‘externalised’ locus of control and the psychopathology of anxiety and depression. 36 clinical out-patients primarily presenting as anxious, depressed or both and 46 normal controls were tested on the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control together with self-rating scales of anxiety and depression. With regard to the clinical group in particular, the hypothesised relationships between the ‘Chance’ and ‘Powerful Others’ dimensions of locus of control and the psychopathology of depression and anxiety did not emerge. In contrast, although the normal group showed no correlation of locus of control scores with depression, a positive and significant correlation was displayed with anxiety as measured by Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Implications for current theoretical formulations for psychopathology, scale specificity, and the need to delineate client populations carefully were discussed.
Shyness and Defensive Style
Authors: Foley Frederick W. , Heath Richard F. , Chabot David R.
Published: September 2011

The Stanford Shyness Survey, the Defense Mechanism Inventory and the Activity Preference Questionnaire were administered to 92 college students to examine the relationship among shyness, reactivity to anxiety, and defensive style. As hypothesized, shy persons experienced greater ego threat and social anxiety. They turned aggressive impulses inwardly against the self more frequently than not so shy people. Shy subjects also used significantly less repression and denial defenses, increasing their vulnerability to the experience of internalized subjective distress. Although there were also no differences between shy and nor shy students on defenses that turn unacceptable impulses outward (e.g., projection and displacement), it was speculated that shy persons engage in such defenses in ways that do not represent a threat to self-esteem.
Importance of Type of Attitude to the Study of Exercise-Behavior
Authors: Godin Gaston , Shephard Roy J.
Published: September 2011

The association between intentions to exercise, reported exercise-behavior and two measures of attitudes toward exercise were compared in a sample of 90 subjects, stratified by age (45–54, 55–64, and 65–74 yr.) and sex. The first type of attitude (Aact) corresponds to Fishbein and Ajzen theory of reasoned action, being defined in terms of action, target, context and time elements. The second type, Kenyon's inventory, is more general and evaluates attitudes toward an object or target (ATPA) without reference to the action, context or time dimensions. The correlation of Aact with intentions to exercise and behavior was stronger than for all correlations of ATPA sub-domains with intentions to exercise and immediate past exercise-behavior. The results support the importance of adopting an appropriate theory of attitude to study exercise-behavior.
Loco Parentis and Locus of Control
Authors: Wiehe Vernon R.
Published: September 2011

The Children's Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Locus of Control Scale was administered to two groups of 45 pregnant adolescents each in a residential maternity home. One group of 45 adolescents had experienced the removal of custody from their biological parents and had been living in foster care. The second group had become pregnant while living with their biological parents. The former group showed a significantly higher mean score on the locus of control scale which reflected a more external locus-of-control orientation. The results are discussed in the light of other studies on locus of control and parental loss.
Treatment Plans across Psychologists Assessing the Same Case of Insomnia
Authors: Fewtrell W. D.
Published: September 2011

Behaviourally oriented clinical psychologists were presented a single case of sleep dysfunction on video. Their subsequent treatment suggestions were compared. The results indicated a diversity of strategies and only moderate levels of agreement across clinicians. There was a preference for modifying underlying complaints, rather than treating the sleep disorder directly, even though correction of the sleep patterns was construed as the ultimate goal by the majority of therapists.
Public Posting in the Classroom: Comparison of Posting Names and Coded Numbers of Individual Students
Authors: Bourque Paul , Dupuis Norbert , Van Houten Ron
Published: September 2011

In the present study, the effects of publicly posting names were compared with coded numbers in a classroom. Four third-grade classes of 63 boys and 54 girls whose mean age was 8.5 yr. participated. The weekly spelling test results monitored over 4 mo. show similar improvements under both public posting procedures. A similar pattern of results was found for students identified as having difficulty in spelling. The results are discussed in terms of ethical considerations when using public posting.
Effects of Overt and Silent Study on Recall of Visual Information by Head-Injured Patients
Authors: Arnett James A. , Corrigan John D.
Published: September 2011

A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to examine the immediate recall of traumatic head-injured and hospitalized controls under two conditions of study. Subjects recalled details from pictures that were either examined silently (silent study) or by naming details aloud (overt rehearsal). Analysis showed a significant interaction for type of study by type of subject, with head-injured subjects recalling more details using overt rehearsal while hospitalized controls recalled more using silent study. A main effect showing greater immediate recall for control subjects was also present. Results are discussed with regard to compensatory strategies for memory enhancement of brain-injured individuals.
Self-Administered Version of the Stevens Placement Readiness Scale
Authors: Tropf Walter D. , Green Cheryl E.
Published: September 2011

A self-administered version of the Stevens Placement Readiness Scale is presented. Reliability and validity of the self-administered scale were assessed and the new instrument was a satisfactory approximation of the original scale.
Personality and Employee Withdrawal: Effects of Locus of Control on Turnover
Authors: Spector Paul E. , Michaels Charles E.
Published: September 2011

Tested were two hypotheses concerning the role of locus of control in the process of employees' turnover: first, that employees with external locus of control would be more likely to intend to quit and actually quit their jobs, and second, that external scorers would be more likely to intend to quit and actually quit a dissatisfying job. Analyses supported only the aspect of intention to quit in both hypotheses. Externality was associated with intentions to quit, and locus of control moderated the relationship between job satisfaction and intention to quit. These hypothesized relationships did not hold for actual turnover.
Potentiation of Performance-Induced Anxiety by Caffeine in Coffee
Authors: Shanahan M. P. , Hughes R. N.
Published: September 2011

46 student volunteers were confronted with a stressful or nonstressful task following ingestion of coffee that was either heavily caffeinated or relatively caffeine-free. State anxiety was increased by exposure to the stressful situation. However, this effect was greater in subjects who had ingested high caffeine-content coffee.
Psychological Factors Affecting Adherence to Diet in Male Diabetic Patients
Authors: Levine Susan P. , Shah Jayendra H. , Bell La Prulla , Ritchie Thomas A.
Published: September 2011

10 patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were interviewed in depth to identify psychological factors which might influence their adherence to the diet. All patients were evaluated for adherence 6 mo. after an initial interview. Factors which appeared to influence adherence negatively were an established pattern of over-eating, life stress prior to diagnosis of diabetes, depression prior to diagnosis of diabetes, denial of anxiety or depression in reaction to the diagnosis, and denial of future difficulty in adhering to diet. The occurrence of starvation fantasies prior to diagnosis and following institution of the diabetic diet was noted as well as the known similarity of the metabolic state of diabetes to starvation. An intimate relationship between psychology of starvation, onset of diabetes, and adherence to diet is postulatd.
Prediction of Marital Roles from Normal and Pathological Dimensions of Personality: 16 PF and MMPI
Authors: Barton K. , Dreger R. M.
Published: September 2011

By means of stepwise multiple regression, 12 factors of the Marriage Role Questionnaire were regressed on factors of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire and 25 scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. The regressions were run with the predictor instruments separately and combined. Individually, the MMPI proved superior to the 16 PF in predicting to the factors of the Marriage Role Questionnaire. However, in six cases out of the 12 predictability improved substantially when both instruments were utilized together. Some of the substantive results of this investigation match findings from previous research.
Follow-up Study of Psychotherapeutically-Induced Change in Clients' Constructs of Self
Authors: Morrison James K. , Heeder Robyn
Published: September 2011

This follow-up study of 31 clients, undergoing emotive-reconstructive therapy, focused on the stability of the treatment effect (positive self-construct change) 3 mo. after completion of therapy. Results suggest both the effectiveness of the technique and the stability of the positive change in self-construct.
Conduct Problems, Parental Supervision, and Cognitive Development of 12- to 17-Year-Olds
Authors: Goldstein Harris S.
Published: September 2011

Data from the Cycle III Health Examination Survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics provided the opportunity to examine the effect of conduct problems on cognitive development in a representative sample of the Nation's 12- to 17-yr.-olds. Conduct problems (school discipline, police contact, and arrest) and degree of parental supervision were the two factors in the analysis of covariance design with Intellectual Index (WISC Vocabulary plus Block Design) and Achievement Index (WRAT Reading plus Arithmetic) as outcome measures. Family background factors were controlled by covariation. White male youths with both in- and out-of-school problems performed less well on Intellectual and Achievement Indices. White girls with in-school problems also scored less well. Paradoxically high parental supervision was associated with lower achievement for these youths. Also for both white boys and girls, high parental supervision was associated with lower Intellectual Index scores.
Cross-Cultural Validity of the Depression Adjective Check List with a Sample of Black and White Juvenile Offenders
Authors: Townsend Debra W. , Fontaine Gary
Published: September 2011

The validity of the Depression Adjective Check List and a specially developed check list were assessed with 48 black and 53 white juvenile offenders (70 boys, 31 girls) against self-ratings and ratings of 2 black and 2 white teachers. Both check lists correlated significantly with self- (−.29, −.30) and teachers' ratings (.36, .26) for white offenders, although teachers' ratings were correlated unexpectedly negatively with self-ratings (−.41). Only the special check list scores correlated with the two ratings for black offenders. The necessity of limiting use of tests to populations for which they have been validated is discussed.
Retirement of Emeritus Medical Professors of the University of Chicago and the University of Wisconsin
Authors: Rowe Alan
Published: September 2011

Limited data from 14 medical professors of two universities suggest that they are like industrial scientists and dentists in retirement. All three types require a preparation for a life of leisure as a component of preparation for retirement.
Reliability and Concurrent Validity of Three Visual-Analogue Mood Scales
Authors: Cella David F. , Perry Samuel W.
Published: September 2011

The authors describe three 100-mm visual-analogue scales to measure anxiety, depression, and distress. Test-retest reliability coefficients, correlations within analogue scales, and correlations between analogue scales and standardized measures of anxiety, depression, and distress provided preliminary evidence to support the use of visual-analogue scales when other standard measures are infeasible. Sensitivity to diurnal fluctuation in reported feelings was also documented.
Is Dissonance a Factor in the Relationship between Sex-Role Orientation and Attitudes towards Women's Roles
Authors: Moore Melanie A. , Gilroy Faith D.
Published: September 2011

Research has consistently indicated a positive relationship between a feminine sex-role and anxiety, and there have been suggestions that liberal attitudes towards women are also predictive of anxiety. The present study asked if these two variables operated independently or in conjunction with each other. It was proposed that perhaps a lack of congruency between one's sex-role and one's attitude toward women was more closely related to anxiety than either characteristic taken singly. The results did not support an hypothesis of congruency. Whereas feminine women acknowledged more trait-anxiety than did masculine or androgynous women and liberal women reported more anxiety than traditional ones, these variables seemed to relate independently to anxiety rather than in conjunction with each other.
Relations of Altruistic versus Competitive Values, Course of Study, and Behavioral Intentions to Help or Compete
Authors: Killeen Johanne , McCarrey Michael
Published: September 2011

Three altruistic and three competitive instrumental values from the Rokeach Survey of Values were rank ordered by 253 undergraduate students. On a separate occasion they also responded to an invitation from a different person to volunteer for either an altruistic or a competitive task involving 10 to 20 hours of their time. Value orientation was significantly related to course of study as 60% of the Business Students espoused the predominantly individual/competitive value orientation, while 74% of the Nursing students espoused the predominant social altruistic value orientation. The Fisher exact test of the behavioral intention to volunteer indicated a significant congruency between the type of instrumental values the person reported and the kind of activity chosen.
Seminar Appraisal by Student Group Leaders and Participants in a Teaching/Learning Option
Authors: Meredith Gerald M. , Schmitz Earle D.
Published: September 2011

The study compared 518 participants and 53 leaders in a student-taught seminar program on 24 evaluation rating scales. Five differences were identified and discussed.
Lunar Phase and Acting-Out Behavior
Authors: Durm Mark W. , Terry Crispin L. , Hammonds Cathy R.
Published: September 2011

Psychiatric hospital records were used to ascertain whether acting-out behavior increases during the full moon phase. Acting-out behavior is identified as that which was dangerous to self or others to the extent that either seclusion or restraint was deemed necessary by qualified mental health professionals to prevent physical harm. Records in the seclusion/restraint log book of an Alabama hospital for 1982, 1983, and 1984 were used for the study. To ensure confidentiality no identification of subjects was made. This study, like many previous similar studies shows no significant increases during the full moon phase.
Effects of Leadership Status and Performance Feedback on Self and other Attributions and Task Performance
Authors: Tang Thomas Li-Ping , Tang Theresa Li-Na
Published: September 2011

Subjects' attributions of self and others were examined as a function of leadership status (supervisor vs subordinate) and feedback on performance (positive, negative, or no feedback). Each group had one supervisor and two subordinates (one confederate and one subordinate-subject). Bogus performance feedback was given to each group at random. In their attribution of success, subjects rated confederates as having more success on the task than themselves, so they presented themselves modestly in a social context. Supervisors assigned much less responsibility to themselves than to confederates and subordinates. However, subordinates' attributions of responsibility for self and others were not significantly different. Supervisors and subordinates performed equally well on “quantity” of performance, yet the former were able to maintain a significantly better “qualify” of performance than the latter. Generalization from a laboratory study to actual work situations is not appropriate until justified by appropriate field work.
Costs of reproduction in life history of a perennial plant Carex secalina
Authors: Bogdanowicz Agnieszka , Olejniczak Paweł , Lembicz Marlena , Żukowski Waldemar
Published: September 2011

We tested a hypothesis based on life history theory that examines reproductive costs incurred by individuals in consecutive years of their life. A multi-year dataset of resource allocation to vegetative and reproductive structures was analysed in Carex secalina — a perennial, monoecious sedge, reproducing only sexually. In a four-year garden experiment, we assessed above-ground biomass at the end of each season and reproductive allocation expressed as the total length of male and female spikes. The study was aimed at determining how size and age of a plant relates to its reproduction, and how the rate of reproduction affects the year-toyear biomass change in Carex secalina. We observed that after each reproductive episode, individuals had significantly smaller sizes and produced a lower number of generative tillers. The total production of reproductive structures decreased significantly with age in all populations. Moreover, the decrease in plant biomass was greater when more reproductive structures were produced in a previous year, which indicates that the plants incur costs of reproduction in terms of above-ground biomass production.
Ecophysiological responses of desiccation-tolerant cryptobiotic crusts
Authors: Péli Evelin , Lei Nie , Pócs Tamás , Laufer Zsanett , Porembski Stefan , Tuba Zoltán
Published: September 2011

In our present studies, the recovery of photosynthetic activity after rehydration was demonstrated. We measured chlorophyll fluorescence, CO2 gas exchange and the pigment composition in the previously long-term air-dried cryptogamic inselberg crusts collected from two tropical areas. The cryptobiotic crusts were collected from different localities on similar ecological and climatic conditions from extreme habitats of inselbergs (outcrops). These inselbergs are characterized by a dry microclimate and are covered by scarce soil. We found that the ecophysiological responses of both cryptogamic inselberg crusts showed an extremely high degree of desiccation-tolerance due to the fast and full recovery during rehydration. The photosynthetic activity of the cryptobiotic crusts were restored and regained within 15 and 40 min, respectively, after rehydration. Photosynthetic activity of the crusts was retained at all applied light intensities when enough water was available, however the degree of the recovery was different between the crusts. Photosynthetic pigment contents were strongly and positively correlated with water content. Our results indicated that tropical desiccation-tolerant cryptogamic crusts found on inselberg rock surfaces have CO2 fixation ability in the range of cyanobacteria and lichens, suggesting that at a global scale they can assimilate CO2 in a significant amount.
Effect of Water Stress on Moisture Content Distribution in Soil and Morphological Characters of Two Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) Cultivars
Authors: Nahar K. , Ullah S. M.
Published: September 2011

This study investigates the effects of water stress on moisture content distribution at different soil layers (pot) and on morphological characters of tomato plants. Three treatments of moisture level were imposed, viz, 100%, 70% and 40% of the field capacity. Moisture content distribution was higher at the surface and decreased with increasing stress at all growth stages. Yield and related morphological characters responded better at 70% of the field capacity compared with other treatments. Keywords: Tomato; Water stress; Moisture content; Tomato yield; Yield component. © 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.7000                J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 677-682 (2011)
Dielectric Properties of Vegetable Oils
Authors: Shah Z. H. , Tahir Q. A.
Published: September 2011

In search of PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl) free mineral oil used in transformer, we have carried out the detailed study on dielectric properties of some vegetable oils, such as corn oil and cottonseed oil. Dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor have been determined for corn oil, cotton seed oil, and PCB free mineral transformer oil having International Electrotechnical Commission number IEC-60296 in the frequency range 330 Hz to 3 MHz and in temperature range 250C to 700C. The dielectric data of the vegetable oils is critically compared with that of the transformer oil and appropriate causes for similarities and differences have been discussed. Owing to comparable results in the vegetable oils and transformer oil studied, it is suggested that vegetable oils may also be used as transformer oil.Keywords: dielectric constant; dielectric loss; dielectric relaxation; polarization.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:103329/jsr.v3i3.7049                J. Sci. Res. 3(3), 491-502 (2011)
Asymétries d'information et incertitude en santé : les apports de la théorie des contrats
Authors: Rochaix Lise
Published: September 2011

Asymétries d'information et incertitude en santé : les apports de la théorie des contrats

par Lise Rochaix

Le caractère imparfait, voire asymétrique, de l'information dont dispose le patient conduit à remettre en cause l'utilisation du modèle néoclassique standard et à appliquer les modèles micro-économiques de type Principal - Agent. L'objet de cet article est de dresser un bilan des applications récentes au secteur de la santé de la théorie des contrats. Si cette dernière offre une grille de lecture pertinente, elle est toutefois demeurée peu opérationnelle, essentiellement en raison de la fragmentation des décisions sur le marché des soins. Il convient donc de s'interroger sur la portée et les limites de ce type d'approche. Cette démarche apparaît d'autant plus importante que de nouvelles familles de modèles théoriques, de type multi-principaux, multi-agents ou avec tiers offrent aujourd'hui des perspectives rénovées d'application au champ de la santé.
Comparaison des différentes mesures d'efficacité technique : une application aux centres hospitaliers français
Authors: Leleu Hervé , Dervaux Benoît
Published: September 2011

Comparaison des différentes mesures d'efficacité technique : une application aux centres hospitaliers français

par Hervé Leleu et Benoît Dervaux

L'engouement pour les techniques non paramétriques d'estimation de frontières de production dans le domaine hospitalier tient à leur capacité à prendre en compte les spécificités de ce secteur. Ces travaux recourent pratiquement tous à la méthodologie Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) sous diverses hypothèses de rendements à l'échelle. Dans cet article, après avoir étudié les propriétés théoriques des différentes mesures d'efficacité, nous procédons à l'évaluation de l'efficacité productive de 137 hôpitaux publics français. Nous analysons l'impact du choix de la mesure d'efficacité sur la distribution des scores et sur les résultats des modèles explicatifs de la performance des hôpitaux. Nous constatons que le choix de la mesure modifie la distribution des scores d'efficacité mais affecte peu le classement des établissements au regard de leur performance relative.
Une analyse micro-économétrique de la consommation de tabac basée sur l'enquête UK Health and Lifestyle
Authors: Jones Andrew M.
Published: September 2011

A microeconometric analysis of smoking in the UK Health and Lifestyle Survey

by Andrew M. Jones

This paper provides an overview of microeconometric evidence on various aspects of smoking using data from the UK Health and Lifestyle Survey (HALS1). In doing so it illustrates how the choice of an appropriate statistical model is influenced by the survey design and the definition and measurement of variables. Results are reported for parametric survival analysis of the age of starting and the number of years of smoking; univariate and bivariable probit models for attempts and success in quitting smoking; and both generalised Tobit and count data models for the number of cigarettes smoked.
Décisions de recours au système de soins dans la prise en charge des personnes âgées dépen­ dantes : un modèle de choix discret dynamique
Authors: Gramain Agnès
Published: September 2011

Long-Term Care Choices of Disabled Elderly and their Family Caregivers : a Dynamic Discrete Choice Model

by Agnès Gramain

This article presents an application of a dynamic discrete choice model to the analysis of care arrangement of disabled elderly. This method allows us to examine the main determinants of the demand for in-home services and nursing-home admission. Data were collected in 1993 and 1996 in southern France, and describe the evolution of care arangement for 155 elderly and their main caregivers. Our results show that the call for professionnal help is obviously a response to time and budget arbitrage. They also indicate that ageing and disability increasing do not systematically induce a higher probability of formal help use. The care arrangements of disabled elderly seem to be very stable whatever the type of formal services and the level of incapacities. Our estimations give some elements for the evaluation of the in-home services' efficiency in terms of reduced probability of nursing-home admission. It suggests that the nursing-home admission probability depends of a rather complex profile of characteristics including the type of disability the elderly persons suffer from, their socio-economic status and the formal and informal caregivers that help them.
Sources et impacts à long terme des chocs dans l'industrie manufacturière : une analyse au niveau désagrégé
Authors: Rouy Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2011

Sources et impacts à long terme des chocs dans l'industrie manufacturière :

une analyse au niveau désagrégé

par Jean-Pierre Rouy

Cette étude propose une mesure de la persistance des chocs sur la production des dix-huit branches composant l'industrie manufacturière française. L'analyse est effectuée à l'aide du système vectoriel autorégressif multisectoriel proposé par Pesaran, Pierse et Lee (1993). Pour l'ensemble des branches, il apparaît que l'effet des chocs ne disparaît pas au cours du temps et que le comportement des séries est proche d'une marche aléatoire. La réalisation de chocs macro-économiques (taux d'intérêt, demande extérieure, prix de l'énergie et masse monétaire) ne participe à la persistance observée que dans une faible part.
L'impact des incitations financières au travail sur les comportements individuels : une estimation pour le cas français
Authors: Piketty Thomas
Published: September 2011

Impact of Financial Incentives to Work on Individual Behaviour: An Estimation for France

by Thomas Piketty

Does making low-paid jobs more financially attractive for the jobless have a significant positive impact on employment levels in France? Various reforms introduced in France's social transfers system between 1982 and 1996 have changed the financial incentives to work for various categories of population, depending on the number of dependent children, family structure and other factors. We use individual data from the INSEE employment surveys conducted from 1982 to 1997 (involving some 150,000 observations each year) to see if the new incentives introduced by these reforms, such as the income support benefit (RMI) and first job allowance (APE), have led to adjustments in the differential employment levels of these various population groups, all other (observable) things being equal. This methodology has recently been used for the American Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) Survey and in natural experiments in Canada. In principle, it enables us to make an unbiased estimate of the elasticity of labour force participation and job-seeking behaviour in relation to financial incentives.

The findings suggest that elasticity is relatively greater for women (with or without dependent children). On the other hand, the data used do not enable us to show any significant effect of financial incentives to work on men's transition from non-employment to employment.
Le problème de la qualité du café indonésien : une interprétation micro-économique
Authors: Benjamin Catherine , Le Mouël Chantal
Published: September 2011

Le problème de la qualité du café indonésien : une interprétation micro-économique par Catherine Benjamin et Chantai Le Mouël

Un objectif du gouvernement indonésien est d' améliorer la qualité du café produit en Indonésie. La mauvaise qualité du café provient des habitudes de récolte des producteurs, les fruits étant souvent cueillis avant maturité. Deux raisons expliquent ce comportement : l'absence d'officialisation auprès du producteur de la politique nationale engagée d'incitation à la qualité et l'existence d'imperfections sur le marché du capital. Dans cet article, nous proposons un cadre d'analyse, basé sur un modèle du ménage, qui permet de mettre en évidence les facteurs qui expliquent le comportement micro-économique de cueillette des producteurs de café indonésiens. Des estimations économétriques permettent de quantifier les effets des différents facteurs et de mettre en évidence l'importance du crédit dans le comportement de cueillette.
L'attribution des marchés en fonction de l'offre économiquement la plus avantageuse
Authors: Naegelen Florence
Published: September 2011

L'attribution des marchés en fonction de l'offre économiquement la plus avantageuse

par Florence Naegelen

Cet article étudie les problèmes posés par le critère de l'offre économiquement la plus avantageuse lors de la passation des marchés, lorsque la qualité des produits est observable. La procédure optimale est caractérisée dans le cas où les entreprises peuvent fournir tous les niveaux de qualité, puis lorsque la qualité fournie par chaque entreprise est une variable exogène connaissance commune. Les procédures permettant de mettre en œuvre ces règles optimales sont ensuite caractérisées. Dans un dernier temps, nous supposons que les entreprises peuvent agir sur le niveau du coût de fourniture de la qualité par un effort.
Valeurs affiliées et comportements d'offre : analyse théorique et application aux exportations de céréales européennes
Authors: Bourgeon Jean-Marc , Le Roux Yves
Published: September 2011

Affiliated Values and Supply Behaviour: Theoretical Analysis and Application to European Grain Exports

by Jean-Marc Bourgeon and Yves Le Roux

We have modelled supply behaviour in first-price, seal-bid auctions with private value and common value assumptions using a multivariate distribution showing weak correlation due to Gouriéroux and Jouneaux (1994). We then generalise the estimation procedure developed in Bourgeon and Le Roux (1995) in the common-value case and we apply it to European grain exports.
Coût dans le secteur de la distribution d'électricité : économies d'échelle, économies de densité et formes institutionnelles
Authors: Evrard Olivier , Lejeune Bernard
Published: September 2011

Coût dans le secteur de la distribution d'électricité : économies d'échelle, économies de densité et formes

institutionnelles par Olivier Evrard et Bernard Lejeune

Cet article a pour objet d'évaluer empiriquement la pertinence économique (en termes d'efficience-coût) de la politique de délégation de la distribution d'électricité des communes vers des organismes ou sociétés extra-communales. Pour ce faire, les possibilités d'économies d'échelle et de densité au sein du secteur ainsi que les coûts d'exploitation relatifs des diverses formes institutionnelles existantes sont évalués sur base de l'estimation d'une fonction de coût hédonique à court terme.
Étude empirique de l'influence sociale dans les phénomènes de diffusion : l'exemple du câble et du fax en France
Authors: Steyer Alexandre , Zimmermann Jean-Benoît
Published: September 2011

Empirical Study of Social Influence in Diffusion Phenomena - Cable and Fax in France by Alexandre Steyer and Jean-Benoît Zimmermann

Over the last ten years, diffusion models have been improved by including network externalities. We briefly outline the main approaches developed to date and describe the basis of an approach to take account of different interindividual influences in a population. We then present an empirical validation based on two contemporary examples in France. The first is cable television, which is expected to present social utility via mimetic effects. The second example is the fax, which presents strong interindividual externalities. Its utility stems from the possibility for players to use it to communicate with their contacts.
Une évaluation de l'importance des anticipations boursières des experts
Authors: Mpacko Priso Auguste
Published: September 2011

Une évaluation de l'importance des anticipations boursières des experts

par Auguste Mpacko Priso

Quel rôle jouent les anticipations boursières des experts de l'économie et de la finance ? Les opérateurs en bourse peuvent-ils s'en servir comme repère ? Cet article tente d'apporter des éléments de réponse à ces questions en se basant sur les résultats de l'enquête Livingston. À travers une étude de causalité, nous montrons que les prévisions boursières (cours nominaux) des experts peuvent être utilisées pour améliorer les prévisions boursières des opérateurs ordinaires. Toutefois, les prévisions des experts ne sont pas suffisamment informatives pour permettre d'améliorer les prévisions de rentabilités et de primes de risque des actions. Or, c'est sur ces dernières variables que portent les choix d'actifs entrant dans la composition du portefeuille. Après une étude de la dynamique entre les anticipations boursières des experts et les cours observés, nous montrons que les anticipations des experts se forment selon un mécanisme à correction d'erreur. Nous montrons enfin que les cours évoluent comme s'ils se servaient des prévisions des experts comme cible.