bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERSPECTIVES ON QUALITY OF CARE AND SATISFACTION AMONG GERIATRIC PATIENT-TOURIST: CASE STUDY IN KLANG VALLEY, MALAYSIA
Authors: Nur Ida Fatihah Che Shalifullizam  , Rahmat Hashim  , Sree Kala A/P Kunju Raman Nair
Published: May 2021

Tourism is seen as a fast and booming industry in this age and is being conducted for a variety of purposes. Notably, the world medical tourism market has grown rapidly over the past decade and is expected to grow at an exponential rate, where one of the clear goals of geriatric medicine is to ensure that older people receive better healthcare, specifically, for high-quality patient care. This study identifies the Stimulus Organism Response (SOR) with the injecting of the Donabedian theory that influences the satisfaction of international, domestic, as well as foreign geriatric patient-tourists. Based on the Stimulus Organism Response (SOR) framework and the injecting of the Donabedian theory (2005) with the application of the non-probability sampling techniques that was used, an online questionnaire had been distributed among selected hospitals in the Klang Valley. Accordingly, the Smart PLS 3.3.2 was used to analyse the data for this study using the (SEM) approach, and from the online questionnaire that had been distributed, 139 data were used for further analysis. The findings showed that all the hypotheses (H1-H3) were supported. The expectation has positive effects leaning towards the confirmation and geriatric patient satisfaction; the confirmation is a mediator between expectation and the geriatric patient-tourist satisfactic.
PENGARUH NITROGEN TERHADAP KUALITAS BERAS AROMATIK
Authors: Chairunnisak Chairunnisak , Sugiyanta Sugiyanta , Santosa Edi
Published: May 2021

Kualitas beras adalah hal penting yang dipertimbangkan oleh konsumen ketika membeli beras. Kualitas meliputi beberapa aspek, antara lain kualitas mutu giling dan mutu tanak. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas beras yang dihasilkan oleh padi aromatik pada perlakuan lima taraf dosis pupuk nitrogen (N). Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok petak terbagi untuk menguji pengaruh dosis dan varietas. Petak utama adalah pupuk nitrogen pada berbagai dosis, yaitu: 0, 45, 90, 135 dan 180 kg N ha-1, dan anak petak adalah dua varietas padi aromatik yaitu Sigupai Abdya (lokal Aceh) dan Inpari 23 Bantul (unggul nasional). Kualitas beras aromatik (mutu giling dan mutu tanak) pada penelitian ini tidak dipengaruhi oleh dosis pupuk nitrogen, tetapi hanya dipengaruhi oleh varietas. Berdasarkan mutu giling, varietas Sigupai Abdya memiliki rendemen beras giling dan beras kepala lebih tinggi serta persentase beras menir lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan varietas Inpari 23 Bantul. Berdasarkan mutu tanak, varietas Inpari 23 Bantul memiliki kandungan amilosa yang rendah, sedangkan waktu layak makan nasi lebih lama diperoleh pada varietas Sigupai Abdya.
IDENTIFIKASI KARAKTER KUALITATIF BEBERAPA GALUR UJI CABAI RAWIT (Capsicum frutescens L.) IPB DI KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Agustina Karlin , Yursida Yursida , Mareza Evriani , Adisma Elvira Belinda , Syukur Muhamad
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakter kualitatif galur-galur uji cabai rawit IPB di Kota Palembang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada September 2018-April 2019 di Kecamatan Sematang Borang, Kota Palembang. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) satu faktor, yaitu  11 galur uji cabai rawit (F5285290-237-6-1, F6285290-6-10-1-1, F5285290-290-2-1, F5285290-290-9-1, F5285290-290-9-3, F5321290-40-2-1, F5285290-123-6-15, F6321290-252-10-8-4, F5285290-38-6-3, F6321290-252-10-8-23, F6321290-252-10-8-7) dan 5 galur pembanding (Bonita IPB, C290, C285, C295, C321) digunakan sebagai perlakuan. Satu satuan percobaan berupa plot dengan ukuran 5 m x 1 m yang terdiri atas 10 tanaman contoh.  Identifikasi karakter kualitatif dicocokkan dengan kriteria deskripsi cabai menurut IPGRI (1995) dan Direktorat Perbenihan Hortikultura (2017). Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan 100% galur uji dan galur pembanding cabai rawit memiliki kesamaan dalam bentuk batang bersudut, warna batang hijau muda, bentuk daun oval, warna bunga putih kehijauan,  kelopak dan mahkota bunga berwarna hijau dan putih kehijauan.  Warna daun galur cabai rawit hijau dan hijau muda.  Kepala putik berwarna hijau muda, hijau, kuning kehijauan dan  kuning.  Benang sari berwarna ungu dan putih bergaris ungu.  Buah cabai muda memiliki warna kulit yang berbeda dengan buah tua. Warna kulit buah muda bervariasi antara putih, hijau kekuningan dan hijau muda,  sedangkan warna kulit buah tua bervariasi antara merah, merah terang dan merah tua.  Bentuk potongan melintang buah segitiga-segitiga sempit. Bentuk biji ginjal atau bulat pipih, dengan warna biji kekuningan dan putih kekuningan.
PERSAINGAN USAHA TIDAK SEHAT DALAM PERDAGANGAN BAHAN PANGAN DIKAITKAN DENGAN UU NO. 5 TAHUN 1999
Authors: Rumatiga Hidayat
Published: May 2021

In Indonesia, the formulation of the Anti-Monopoly Law was motivated by an agreement between the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Government of the Republic of Indonesia. However, the agreement with the IMF was not the only reason for drafting the law. Even though Indonesia already has an anti-monopoly law, it still practices monopoly in doing business. For example, the monopolistic practices carried out by 12 hen holding companies. sentenced to a total of Rp. 119.8 billion in fines to 11 companies that surpassed the chicken cartel. The verdict was handed down after the Commission Council chaired by Kamser Lumbanradja conducted an examination of Case Number 02 / KPPU-I / 2016 concerning Violation of Article 11 of Law Number 5 Year 1999 concerning cartel agreements at the KPPU hearing, on 13/10/2016 in Jakarta.Keywords : Business Competition; Trade; Comestibles.
OTENTIFIKASI AKTA NOTARIL DALAM PEMBUATAN AKTA BERDASARKAN SISTEM ONLINE
Authors: . Tusmiati
Published: May 2021

The aim of the reasearch are: 1) To know and to analyze the law system in making notarial deeds generally related to digital era. 2) To know and to analyze the development model of notarial deed authentification in its signing stage in the digital era. The methodology applied in the research is juridical normative approach whereby objectively explaining particular data followed by an analysis based on legal theory and related statutes of research objects. The  result of the research were: 1) The making certificates digitally, only can be used in a newsworthy event of a meeting in a company deed. 2) In making general notarial deeds we still have to deal with a notary directly which is based on Notarial Law. 3)The development model of notarial deed in its signing stage in the digital era hasn’t had a compatibility between the Law of Notary Position and Electronic and Information Transaction Law; which resulted in inhabiting of notary’s authority. The recent regulations have not fulfiled people’s need. Due to there is no legal certainty, one day,  there will be a problem that can not be anticipated.Keywords : Authentification; Notarial Deed; Online System.
FRAKSI SERAT SILASE KULIT BUAH KAKAO DENGAN PENAMBAHAN LEVEL TEPUNG JAGUNG DAN LAMA FERMENTASI YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Mayangsari Ismi , Harahap Anwar Efendi , Zumarni Zumarni
Published: May 2021

One alternative in reducing feed production costs is by utilizing the waste of cocoa pods (Theobroma cocoa L). This study aims to determine the cocoa fruit silage fraction by adding different levels of corn flour and fermentation time. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors with 3 replications namely Factor A = Level of Corn Flour, A1 = 0% without Corn Flour, A2 = 7% Corn Flour, A3 = 14% Corn Flour. Factor B = Length of fermentation, B1 = Fermentation 0 days, B2 = Fermentation 14 days, B3 = Storage 28 days. The results showed that the duration of fermentation had a significant effect(P<0,05)on the content of NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin of cocoa peel. The conclusion of this study that the treatment of 14% corn flour and 28 days fermentation time is the best treatment because it can reduce NDF%, ADF% and Lignin% silage of cocoa pods
KAKTERISTIK KIMIA SALAMI DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK ANGKAK (Red Mold Rice)
Authors: Triasih Dyah
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi kimia salami daging yang ditambah dengan water extract angkak sebagai pengganti bahan curing. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaiti P0 (curing dengan nitrit), P1 (curing dengan water extract angkak 2,5%), P2 (Curing dengan water extract angkak 5%), P3 (Curing dengan water extract angkak 7.5%). Data hasil uji kimia diolah dengan ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) dan terdapat pengaruh akan diuji lanjut dengan metode DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test). Hasil uji analisa kadar lemak menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda pada masing – masing perlakuan. P0 memiliki kadar lemak 16%, P1 15,6%, P2 15,3%, P3 15,2%, kandungan protein P0 16,70%, P2 1637%. 16,07%, P3 15,80% dan kadar air P0 57,9%, P1 58,4%, P2 58,8 dan P3 59,3%. Uji lanjut DMRT menunjukkan hasil yang sangat nayata dengan signifikansi 0,00 pada parameter kadar air dan kadar protein, sedangkan kadar lemak menunjukkan hasil yang nyata dengan nilai signifikansi 0.018 (Sig>0.05). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu penambahan water extract dapat meningkatkan kadar air salami, sehingga kadar lemak dan protein menurun. kandungan kadar meningkat karena water extract yang ditambahkan mengandung air yang tinggi. Kadar air memiliki hubungan yang terbalik dengan kadar lemak dan protein.
Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Budaya Sekolah
Authors: Fauziah R.Siti Pupu , Maryani Novi , Wulandari Ratna Wahyu
Published: May 2021

Penguatan pendidikan karakter merupakan program yang signifikan yang harus dterapkan di sekolah. Sekolah sebagai rumah kedua bukan hanya sebagai sarana penyampaian ilmu pengetahuan (transfer knowledge) tetapi juga  penanaman  nilai  karakter  (transfer  of  values), sehingga mampu melahirkan peserta didik yang memiliki akhlak mulia sesuai dengan tujuan pendidikan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan kondisi penguatan pendidikan karakter dalam budaya sekolah di SD Amaliah. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 1). SD Amaliah telah menerapkan budaya sekolah secara optimal, memiliki prestasi akademik dan non-akademik, serta memiliki program khas penerapan pendidikan karakter, 2) Budaya sekolah di SD Amaliah memiliki peran strategis dalam mengembangkan karakter pada diri peserta didik. Keterbatasan penelitian ini masih belum menyeluruh mendeskripsikan tahapan budaya sekolah di SD Amaliah.  Keterbaruan dalam penelitian ini yaitu adanya nilai-nilai karakter berbasis Tauhid untuk diimplementasikan dalam budaya sekolah yang menjadi ciri khas SD Amaliah.
Layanan Bimbingan Pra-Nikah di Sekolah: Studi Komparasi Kebutuhan dan Harapan Remaja
Authors: Mustaqim Zaenal , Tamam Abas Mansur , Rahman Imas Kania
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis apakah terdapat perbedaan kebutuhan dan harapan remaja laki-laki dan perempuan akan layanan bimbingan pra-nikah sebelum menuju jenjang pernikahan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode komparasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada 99 mahasiswa Universitas Djuanda. Hasil analisis data menemukan bahwa layanan bimbingan pra-nikah sangat dibutuhkan dan para remaja berharap bimbingan pra-nikah ini dapat dimasukkan kedalam kurikulum dan menjadi layanan khusus pada program BK di sekolah. Penelitian ini juga menghasilkan termuan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan kebutuhan dan harapan remaja laki-laki dan perempuan akan layanan bimbingan pra-nikah sebelum menuju jenjang pernikahan. Hal ini berdasarkan hasil uji t dengan menggunakan SPSS didapatkan nilai sig. 0,878, dan nilai ini lebih besar dari 0,05 sehingga H0 diterima, dan H1 ditolak. Hal ini dapat dijadikan dasar dalam pengembangan  program layanan BK di sekolah.
DESENTRALISASI DAN EFISIENSI BELANJA FUNGSI PENDIDIKAN SERTA IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DI PROPINSI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Iskandar Azwar
Published: May 2021

This study aims to analyze: (i) the level of efficiency of regional spending of educational functions; (ii) the impact of fiscal decentralization on the spending efficiency; and (iii) the implications of education spending efficiency on the level of welfare in the region. The research used quantitative approach with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Dinamic Generalized Method of Moment (DGMM) analysis techniques. The results showed that the realization and utilization of education function spending in the aggregate in South Sulawesi Province is quite good, although the spending is still more allocated to government bureaucracy spending. However, the results of efficiency testing by DEA method show that in most districts/cities in South Sulawesi Province, the realization and utilization of such spending is relatively less efficient. From the results of Dynamic Panel Data Testing (DGMM), the findings were obtained that fiscal decentralization in the form of  Local Own-Source Revenue had a positive and significant impact on the education spending efficiency, while the fiscal decentralization policy in the form of Balance Fund, negatively influential but insignificant. In terms of good governance, the variable interaction between fiscal decentralization in the form of  Local Own-Source Revenue and opinion from BPK on LKPD in districts/cities negatively and significantly affects the efficiency of education spending. While the variable interaction between fiscal decentralization both in the form of Balance Fund and opinion from BPK on LKPD in districts/cities has a positive and significant effect on the efficiency of education spending. The increase in the efficiency of education spending will be significantly followed by the improvement of the welfare of the community. Meanwhile, fiscal decentralization policy in the form of  Local Own-Source Revenue has a positive and significant effect.
O planejamento financeiro e as Micro e Pequenas Empresas no Brasil
Authors: Lube-Kreitewolf Kamila
Published: May 2021

A finalidade desse artigo é mostrar a importância do planejamento financeiropara as Micro e Pequenas Empresas sobreviverem. O obstáculo analisado foram ospróprios empreendedores, que muitas vezes não tem preparação para administrar osrecursos financeiros disponíveis. O estudo permitirá, também, apurar através de dadosestatísticos do SEBRAE a situação das Micro e Pequenas Empresas no Brasil.
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT MENGENAI PENGKAJIAN BUDAYA OLEH PETUGAS KESEHATAN DIRUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Imanda Ihdina
Published: May 2021

Nilai kultural adalah prinsip-prinsip atau kualitas yang dianut oleh suatu kelompok masyarakat dan diyakini tentang hal-hal baik dan berguna bagi kelompoknya. Setiap kelompok masyarakatmempunyai nilai-nilai yang berbeda. Perawat sebagai tenaga profesional harus mempunyai pengetahuan yang cukup tentang nilai-nilai yang dianut oleh kliennya sehingga interaksi dapat berjalan dengan baik (Sumijatun, 2011). Rumah sakit memiliki kebudayaannya sendiri, kebudayaan secara umum sulit untuk dicirikan, keperawatan merupakan ilmu tentang manusia dan pengalaman sehat-sakit manusia yang disampaikan melalui transaksi profesional, ilmiah, estetis, dan etis. Perawatan kesehatan yang benar adalah yang berfokus pada gaya hidup, kondisi sosial dan lingkungan, bukan proses diagnosa penyakit atau pengobatan.
Alcohols, COVID-19 Pandemic, and Coronavirus Infection
Authors: Shen J.
Published: May 2021

This paper was retracted on July 1, 2021.
Analisis Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas Terhadap Alokasi Dana Desa ( Studi Desa Merbau Mataram Kecamatan Merbau Mataram )
Authors: Aminah  , Daoni Albertus , Miniawati Tina , Khairudin
Published: May 2021

Akuntansi pemerintahan memiliki tiga tujuan pokok, yaitu pertanggungjawaban, manajerial, dan pengawasan. Pertanggungjawaban yang dilakukan pemerintah merupakan perwujudan dari penyediaan informasi mengenai setiap tindakan atau kegiatan dan pengelolaan keuangan yang dilakukan pemerintah selama satu periode. Alokasi Dana Desa merupakan salah satu bentuk pertanggungjawaban pemerintah untuk meningkatkan pembangungan di tingkat pedesaan. Alokasi Dana Desa berasal dari pendapatan Transfer yang bersumber dari bagian dana perimbangan keuangan pusat dan daerah yang diterima oleh kabupaten/kota. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Merbau Mataram Kecamatan Merbau Mataram Kabupaten Lampung Selatan.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis akuntabilitas dan transparansi di desa merbau mataram yang mendapatkan ADD. Hasil deskripsi didapat melalui pengukuran dengan membandingkan undang-undang Permendagri 113 tahun 2014 dengan kegiatan lapangan yang sesungguhnya.Hasil penelitian berdasarkan Permendagri 113 tahun 2014 menunjukkan bahwa secara garis besar pengelolaan alokasi dana desa di Desa Merbau Mataram sudah akuntabel Baik dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, penatausahaan, pelaporan, pertanggungjawaban dan untuk transparan pada desa merbau mataram belum transparan terhadap masyarakat.
ANALISA KINERJA PELAYANAN KERETA LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT RUTE A-B PALEMBANG DENGAN METODE RAILQUAL DAN QUALITY FUNCTION DEMAND LAMPUNG, LAMPUNG
Authors: mahatidanar aditya , Effendi Alex Kurniawan
Published: May 2021

A rapid development has resulted in the level of urbanization in several big cities getting more advanced. transportation needs will be very important for the community, especially Palembang City, South Sumatra region. Transportation is a means to facilitate the movement of an object from one place to another. PT KAI is a monopoly company without equal participants, so this research is important to conduct research for that. target vision with case studies on LRT (Light Rail Transit) passengers.The research was conducted by means of a survey to see the performance of the LRT Train (Light Rail Transit). The object of the survey is the people who are on the LRT (Light Rail Transit) train at DJKA-Bumi Sriwijaya station. The data obtained were then processed with the SPSS software program.1.Djka Station - Sriwijaya Earth Station The significant variable R Square indicates that the value of R Square is 0.965. This value illustrates that the variables X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X10 on passenger satisfaction are 96.5% in the model proposed in this study.2.Djka Station - Sriwijaya Earth Station The significant variable R Square shows that the value of R Square is 0.969. This value illustrates that the contribution of the variables X1, X2, X3, X4, X7, X8 to passenger satisfaction is 96.9% in the model proposed in this study.3.Djka Station - Sriwijaya Earth Station Significant variable R Square obtains an R Square value of 0.973. This value illustrates that the contribution variable X1, X2, X3, X4 to passenger satisfaction is 97.3% in the model proposed in this study.
Crowdsourced meta-analysis in psychological science: An open science approach to compiling and synthesizing scientific knowledge
Authors: Howard Joshua L.
Published: May 2021

This article introduces the concept of an open science meta-analysis that functions through crowdsourced imputation of data and is thereby perpetually updating. This is proposed to supplement the current journal article-based system of knowledge storage and synthesis and will, a) increase the consumptive capabilities of researchers (i.e., the amount of research one is exposed to), b) minimize cognitive biases that influence scientific knowledge, c) reduce the file-drawer problem, and d) create new knowledge through mass synthesis of existing research. The proposed infrastructure, much like the recent norm of publicly available data, may be viewed as an industry standard in the near future.
ANALISIS NERACA AIR DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) WAY SUKADANA KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TIMUR LAMPUNG
Authors: Tyasmadi Maton , aprizal
Published: May 2021

Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Way Sukadana adalah bagian dari Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Way Sekampung yang secara administratif terletak di kabupaten Lampung Timur. Penulisan ini menganalisis keseimbangan antara kebutuhan dan ketersediaan air di DAS Way Sukadana.Dalam penelitian ini kebutuhan air yang dianalisis adalah kebutuhan air penduduk, kebutuhan air ternak, kebutuhan air irigasi dan kebutuhan air industri. Kebutuhan air akan dibandingkan dengan ketersediaan air di DAS Way Sukadana, Analisis debit ketersediaan air menggunakan metode NRECA. Metode NRECA adalah suatu metode simulasi hujan debit yang diperkenalkan oleh Norman H. Crauford pada tahun 1985. Model NRECA merupakan model konsepsi yang bersifat deterministik. Model konsepsi adalah model dengan basis teori, sedang sifat deterministik adalah penggunaan persamaan dan rumus semi empiris untuk menginterpretasikan fenomena proses fisiknya (Trisnoadhy, 2011). Hasil dari analisis didapatkan bahwa Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Way Sukadana berada pada level surplus dan memiliki debit andalan rata-rata sebesar 228,22 m 3/detik. Debit andalan tersebut sangat mampu untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air irigasi sebesar 42,34 m 3/detik pada tahun 2019 dan sampai dengan 10 (sepuluh) tahun mendatang sebesar 44,04 m 3/detik pada tahun 2029 Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Way Sukadana masih berada pada level surplus.
On the generation of self-similar with long-range dependent traffic using piecewise affine chaotic one-dimensional maps (renewed version-3)
Authors: Millán Ginno
Published: May 2021

A qualitative and quantitative extension of the chaotic models used to generate self-similar traffic with long-range dependence (LRD) is presented by means of the formulation of a model that considers the use of piecewise affine one-dimensional maps. Based on the disaggregation of the temporal series generated, a valid explanation of the behavior of the values of Hurst exponent is proposed and the feasibility of their control from the parameters of the proposed model is shown.
COVID–19 Exposes the Need for Public Health Preventive Medicine Physicians: A Proposal for A Gazan PHPM Residency Program
Authors: Sabra ZM , Gomez Saylin , Mahayosnand Ponn P
Published: May 2021

Executive SummaryThe COVID-19 pandemic exposes the need for public health preventive medicine (PHPM) physicians in Gaza, Palestine. The lack of public health education in Gaza causes its population, physicians included, to be unaware of the necessity of preventative medicine, especially during this pandemic. We propose that the Palestine Medical Council (the Council) implements the following policy steps: - Approve the Gaza Medical Reserve Corps (the Reserves) as creators, trainers, and hosts of Gaza’s PHPM residency program; - Certify the PHPM board exams, assist in medical education, and issue the specialty license; and - Support the Reserve’s efforts to gain financial sustainability and adhere to health laws and ethics.According to Articles 4 and 5 of the Council’s Objectives and Functions, the Council has the authority to execute these steps. In doing so, PHPM physicians will be able to provide Gazans with primary care and telehealth services currently unavailable and relieve overworked physicians who average 113 daily medical consultations. The Reserves currently serve three of PHPM physicians’ four duties: education and outreach, research and development, and public health policy and advocacy. PHPM physicians will not be able to fulfil its fourth duty of providing health services without the Council’s support. By helping establish the PHPM specialty, the Council will assist in strengthening Gaza’s healthcare infrastructure during this critical time, which will, in turn, aid in the betterment of Gaza's overall health.
What do Reinforcement Learning Models Measure? Interpreting Model Parameters in Cognition and Neuroscience
Authors: Eckstein Maria , Wilbrecht Linda , Collins Anne
Published: May 2021

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a concept that has been invaluable to research fields including machine learning, neuroscience, and cognitive science. However, what RL entails partly differs between fields, leading to difficulties when interpreting and translating findings.This paper lays out these differences and zooms in on cognitive (neuro)science, revealing that we often overinterpret RL modeling results, with severe consequences for future research. Specifically, researchers often assume---implicitly---that model parameters \textit{generalize} between tasks, models, and participant populations, despite overwhelming negative empirical evidence for this assumption. We also often assume that parameters measure specific, unique, and meaningful (neuro)cognitive processes, a concept we call \textit{interpretability}, for which empirical evidence is also lacking. We conclude that future computational research needs to pay increased attention to these implicit assumptions when using RL models, and suggest an alternative framework that resolves these issues and allows us to unleash the potential of RL in cognitive (neuro)science.
COVID-19 news distress in youth: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Strasser Michelle Angelique , Sumner Philip , Meyer Denny
Published: May 2021

COVID-19 has brought an epidemic of information which has produced detrimental mental health effects for young people. This systematic review protocol outlines the approach to investigating the available literature which assesses the relationship between COVID-19 related news and mental health outcomes in young people.
Threat of Racial and Economic Inequality Increases Preference for Algorithm Decision-Making
Authors: Bigman Yochanan , Yam Kai Chi , Marciano Deborah , Reynolds Scott , Gray Kurt
Published: May 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms hold promise to reduce inequalities across race and socioeconomic status. One of the most important domains of racial and economic inequalities is medical outcomes; Black and low-income people are more likely to die from many diseases. Algorithms can help reduce these inequalities because they are less likely than human doctors to make biased decisions. Unfortunately, people are generally averse to algorithms making important moral decisions—including in medicine—undermining the adoption of AI in healthcare. Here we use the COVID-19 pandemic to examine whether the threat of racial and economic inequality increases the preference for algorithm decision-making. Four studies (N=2,819) conducted in the United States and Singapore show that emphasizing inequality in medical outcomes increases the preference for algorithm decision-making for triage decisions. These studies suggest that one way to increase the acceptance of AI in healthcare is to emphasize the threat of inequality and its negative outcomes associated with human decision-making.
Feelings of Worthlessness Links Depressive Symptoms and Parental Stress: A Network Analysis During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Skjerdingstad Nora , Johnson Miriam S. , Johnson Sverre Urnes , Hoffart Asle , Ebrahimi Omid V.
Published: May 2021

The prevalent co-occurrence between parental stress and depression has been previously established prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. However, no studies to date have identified the connections through which these symptom domains interact with each other to emerge into a complex and detrimental mental health state, along with the plausible mechanistic variables that may play key roles in maintaining parental stress and depression. The aim of this research is to uncover these interactions in a period where parents experience heighted demands and stress as a consequence of the strict social distancing protocols. Network analysis is utilized to examine parental stress and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large cross-sectional study (N = 2868) of parents. Two graphical Gaussian graphical network models were estimated, one in which only parental stress and depression symptoms were included, and another in which several mechanistic variables were added. Expected influence and bridge expected influence revealed that feeling worthless was the most influential node in the symptoms network and bridged the two psychological states. Among the mechanistic variables, worry and rumination was specifically relevant in the depressive cluster of symptoms, and self-criticism was connected to both constructs. The study display that the co-occurrence of parental stress and depression have specific pathways, were manifested through feelings of worthlessness, and have specific patterns of connection to important mechanisms of psychopathology. The results are of utility when aiming to avoid the constellation of co-occurring parental stress and depressive symptoms during the pandemic.
Selective Attention to Spoken Language in Preschoolers Based on Speech Complexity and Learning Rate
Authors: Foushee Ruthe , Srinivasan Mahesh , Xu Fei
Published: May 2021

We introduce a novel method to test a classic idea in developmental science: that children's attention to a stimulus is driven by how much they can learn from it. Preschoolers (4-6 years, M=4.6) watched a video where a distracting animation accompanied static, page-by-page illustrations of a storybook. The audio narration for each storybook page was looped such that children could listen to it up to 6 total times. However, the narration automatically ended if the child looked at the distractor for an extended period of time, indicating their loss of attention to the story, and triggering the next page. The complexity of the narration was manipulated between-subjects: the Simple narration largely contained words that should be familiar to preschoolers, while the Complex narration contained many rare, late-acquired words. Children's learning was measured via post-tests of their plot comprehension and ability to generalize the rare words. Consistent with the hypothesis that children's attention was driven at least partly by their ability to learn from the speech, we observed a significant interaction between narration complexity and age in predicting children's probability of continuing listening on each page, and the proportion of their visual attention that they devoted to the story illustration. That is, while younger children were more likely to continue listening to the Simple speech, older children became increasingly likely to sustain attention to the Complex speech. Our results provide evidence that young children may actively direct their attention toward linguistic input that is most appropriate for their current level of cognitive and linguistic development, which may provide the best learning opportunities.
Reframing Project Management Process Paralysis: An Autoethnographic Study of the UK Fire Service
Authors: Barber Carl , Dacre Nicholas , Dong Hao
Published: May 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has created new social, environmental, and economic challenges for organisational routines, and a multilevel perspective of project management processes and decision making is required to untangle the complex nature of projects and phenomena. This research hence aims to investigate reframing of traditional project failure reasoning in pressurised situations by adopting a wider organisational view of the causation of failure using models from high-risk industries which support good decision-making practices and highlighting the project, programme and organisational structures which inherently position a project manager to fail in conditions with cognitive overload, limitations, and constraints. Through an institutional perspective, both individuals (the project managers) and organisations are considered under the influence of normative and cognitive pressures, and both are sources of change.
Occupational health hazards and use of personal protective equipment among auto mechanics in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
Authors: Khadka Rabina , Pandey Indira , Gautam Laxmi
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Auto mechanics are workers who repair and overhaul cars and other automotive vehicles, or their systems and parts. The main objective of the study was to assess knowledge of occupational hazards and the use of safety measures among automobile repair artisans in Kathmandu Metropolitan City.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried among 400 auto mechanics working garages in Kathmandu Metropolitan City. The data collection was done from May 15th to Jun 13th, 2019.
Results: Among the 400 respondents, only 31% had adequate knowledge about occupational hazards due to vehicle repairing. Age, educational status, working hours, years of employment and pre-service training were found to be associated with knowledge on hazards. Two-thirds (63.5%) of the surveyed workers knew the use of PPE and this knowledge was statistically significant with age, educational status, working hours and pre-service training. The study showed that only half (53.5%) of the respondents use one or more PPE during their work despite being exposed to lots of hazards in the working area.
Conclusion:  Knowledge on health hazards was inadequate. Also, there was a difference in knowledge on PPE and its use. So, there is a need to put the knowledge into practice.
Health-associated infections and COVID-19 in Mexico: safety and health rules at work or job biosecurity?
Authors: Ruiz Mejia Ramón , Villeda González Juan David , Méndez Durán Antonio
Published: May 2021

The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has grown exponentially from the first reports from China in December 2019 to November 2020. Cases have been reported in more than 180 countries, totaling more than 61.8 million cases of COVID-19 throughout the world and more than 1.4 million deaths. Health personnel, being exposed to the care of COVID-19 patients with high viral load, have the risk of developing infections associated with health care, their high morbidity and mortality being of multifactorial origin. Given that the term Biosafety and Occupational Biosafety has been used internationally, this term does not have wide acceptance in the scientific community and in the case of Mexico it is not referred to and it is not defined in the Mexican legal framework or current regulations. Far from being handled and understood as an isolated concept, this term should be referred to as multiple concepts, being recommended in the workplace in Mexico not to use it, suggesting referring to the Safety and Health Regulations at Work, whose mandatory application will allow reducing healthcare-associated infections.
Aluminum Extrusion Technology
Authors: Saha Pradip K.
Published: May 2021

Aluminum Extrusion Technology covers the theory and practice of extrusion and its application in the production of aluminum alloy parts. The first few chapters discuss the mechanics and thermodynamics of direct and indirect extrusion processes and the effect of key variables such as strain and strain rate, friction, pressure, flow stress, and temperature. Subsequent chapters explain how to implement and maintain industrial-scale aluminum extrusion processes. The chapters cover extrusion presses and equipment, tooling and die design, billet casting, and process control. They also provide information on the extrusion characteristics of soft, medium, and hard alloys and discuss the use of statistical process and quality control. For information on the print version, ISBN 978-0-87170-644-7, follow this link.
Coronal Plane Gap Increases Postoperative Pseudoarthrosis after Lateral Interbody Fusion for Adult Spinal Deformity
Authors: Okada Eijiro , Yagi Mitsuru , Yamamoto Yusuke , Suzuki Satoshi , Nori Satoshi , Tsuji Osahiko , Nagoshi Narihito , Fujita Nobuyuki , Nakamura Masaya , Matsumoto Morio , Watanabe Kota
Published: May 2021

Study Design: This is a retrospective study.Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the risk factor associated with pseudoarthrosis after placement of lateral interbody fusion (LIF) cages for adult spinal deformity (ASD) treatment. Overview of Literature: LIF technique is widely used for ASD correction. Furthermore, pseudoarthrosis is a major complication of fusion surgery required for revision surgery.Methods: This study included 42 patients with ASD (two men and 40 women; 112 segments; mean, 68.5±8.4 years; and mean follow-up, 31.6±17.0 months) who underwent LIF and posterior correction surgery. The concave slot of the LIF cage was filled with an autologous iliac crest bone graft (IBG), and the convex slot with a porous hydroxyapatite/collagen (HAp/Col) composite was soaked with bone marrow aspirate. Endplate injury, the gap between vertebral endplate and cage in the coronal or sagittal plane, and fusion status were evaluated using computed tomography multiplanar reconstruction at 12 months after surgery. Moreover, the associated risk factors for pseudoarthrosis were analyzed.Results: Fusion at LIF segments were observed in 71.4% segments at 12 months after surgery. Fusion on the concave slot (autologous IBG side), convex slot (porous HAp/Col composite side), and both concave and convex slots were observed in 66.1%, 37.5%, and 36.6% of patients, respectively. Moreover, pseudoarthrosis was observed in 28.6% at 12 months after surgery. Consequently, logistic regression analysis of the fusion at the LIF segment revealed that the gap between the LIF cage and endplate in the coronal plane (p=0.030; odds ratio, 0.183; 95% confidence interval, 0.030–0.183) was significantly associated with pseudoarthrosis at the LIF segments.Conclusions: ASD surgery fusion rate using LIF cages was 71.4% at 12 months after surgery. The fusion rate was higher on the concave slot filled with autologous IBG than on the convex slot filled with a porous HAp/Col composite. The gap in the coronal plane was a risk factor for pseudoarthrosis at the LIF segment.
Analysis of the possibility of introducing intelligent parking lots (Smart Parking) in the city of Piła - (The case of study from Poland)
Authors: Gorzelanczyk Piotr
Published: May 2021

The aim of the article is to analyze and examine the data on the possibility of introducing Smart Parking system in the city of Pila. In the presented work notions of intelligent parking systems and basic information on transport infrastructure are explained. Based on the survey and analysis of the city of Pila, parking lots where Smart Parking systems were proposed were selected. The results of the study after analysis and summarizing the observations in the form of conclusions are presented in the table and in the form of graphs. Piła is a city where it is reasonable to introduce Smart Parking systems.
Influence du microbiote sur la douleur
Authors: Gervason S. , Defaye M. , Ardid D. , Berthon J.-Y. , Altier C. , Filaire E. , Carvalho F.A.
Published: May 2021

De plus en plus d’études indiquent que le microbiote intestinal pourrait jouer un rôle important sur les fonctions du système nerveux en modulant l’activité des cellules nerveuses. Il a été montré que les produits dérivés des bactéries peuvent influencer la perception de la douleur. De plus, des perturbations du microbiote (ou dysbiose) sont souvent associées à des pathologies intestinales ou extraintestinales comme des désordres neurodégénératifs ou des troubles développementaux. Cette revue présente les études précliniques et cliniques mettant en évidence un impact du microbiote sur la perception de la douleur dans différents contextes pathologiques. Le lien entre le microbiote et l’activation des neurones est discuté au travers de l’interaction directe hôte–microbiote qui implique l’activation des nocicepteurs par les composés ou métabolites microbiens. De nouvelles études sur l’interaction entre le microbiote et le système nerveux devraient conduire à l’identification de nouveaux ligands microbiens et de médicaments ciblant les récepteurs de l’hôte, qui pourraient à terme améliorer la gestion de la douleur chronique et le « bien-être ».
Conditioned Modulation of Pain Depends on Sex, Personal Attributes and the Perceived Characteristics of the Painful Stimulus
Authors: Reho G.
Published: May 2021

Characteristics of noxious stimuli and personal attributes shape our experience of pain, but only few studies have rigorously tried to characterize which specific traits impact pain processing. We will discuss the recent article by Firouzian et al. that tries to identify the impact of both positively and negatively regarded personal traits on conditioned pain modulation (CPM): resilience and catastrophization. The authors showed sex-dependent correlation of CPM varying with personal traits as well as characteristics of the conditioning stimulus: unpleasantness and salience.
Obnova povijesne urbane cjeline Zagreba nakon potresa: konzervatorski pristup, polazišta i osnovne smjernice
Authors: Karač Zlatko
Published: May 2021

Tekst je nastao u prvim danima nakon zagrebačkog potresa kao specifični “repetitorij” konzervatorskih postulata i praktičnih smjernica za postupanje pri procjeni štete i sanaciji oštećenih kulturnih dobara. Razmatraju se različiti pristupi za obnovu pojedinačno zaštićenih spomenika i onih obuhvaćenih samo “zonskom zaštitom”. Sistematizirane su i pojašnjene najčešće konzervatorske dileme koje se javljaju nakon velikih kataklizmi te se ukazuje na deset metodološki nezaobilaznih koraka u situacijama konzervatorskih “dobrih praksi”. S obzirom na akutno stanje oštećenja zagrebačkih povijesnih građevina i trenutačno gotovo isključivi naglasak građevinske struke na konstruktivnoj sanaciji, diskutira se o načelima prihvatljive uporabe zamjenskih konstrukcija i materijala te o ograničenjima u aseizmičkim ojačanjima spomeničkih zgrada. Urbana obnova istaknuta je kao najkompleksniji problemski sloj, no s obzirom na njenu dugoročnost i strategijski format, ovdje se detaljnije ne elaborira.
Neoklasicizmi, historija i tradicija u zagrebačkoj arhitekturi međuratnog razdoblja
Authors: Bagarić Marina
Published: May 2021

Povijest hrvatske međuratne arhitekture u mnogim je pregledima jednaka povijesti arhitekture modernizma, odnosno internacionalnog stila. Ipak, zgrade s neostilskom dekoracijom čine značajan dio korpusa zagrebačke arhitekture 1920-ih i 1930-ih. Najzastupljenija je stilska tendencija neoklasicizma, a stilska jedinstva formiraju i zgrade čije je oblikovanje eksterijera nadahnuto historijskim stilovima i (najčešće) lokalnom tradicijom. Većina arhitekata nije sklona samo jednoj stilskoj tendenciji, nego ovisno o ukusu i ciljevima investitora projektiraju, često i istodobno, zgrade s obilježjima neoklasicizma, historizma i tradicionalizma. Pri tome sasvim modernistički, racionalno i ekonomično promišljaju prostorna rješenja.
Zagreb u objektivu arhitektonske fotografije
Authors: Galjer Jasna
Published: May 2021

Iako je udio fotografije u oblikovanju slike svijeta u eri vizualnog obrata postao notorna činjenica, usprkos intenziviranju istraživanja ovog medija pojedine su teme u kulturnoj povijesti još uvijek nedostatno zastupljene. Karakterističan je primjer arhitektonska fotografija, gdje osim studija autorskih opusa pojedinih protagonista fotografije u Hrvatskoj, još uvijek nema cjelovitih historiografskih uvida. Polazeći od interaktivne dinamike odnosa fotografije i arhitekture kao komplementarnih medija, u tekstu se analiziraju kompleksne uloge fotografije u bilježenju i (re)kreiranju značenja arhitektonskih prostora, urbanih ambijenata, javnih i privatnih prostora. S težištem na karakterističnim žanrovskim, medijskim i autorskim primjerima iz arhitektonske publicistike (albumi, periodika, monografije, katalozi izložbi), primjenom usporedne analize rasvijetlit će se značenja fotografije u medijaliziranju arhitektonskog diskursa i vizualiziranju urbanog identiteta Zagreba. Na osnovi analize modela sagledavanja prostora koji generiraju novu dinamiku odnosa slike i teksta, cilj je doprinijeti kontekstualiziranju arhitektonske fotografije unutar konstruiranja moderne kulture i oblikovanja kolektivne memorije grada Zagreba.
Bow hunter’s syndrome due to an embolic mechanism: illustrative case
Authors: Shingai Yuto , Sakata Hiroyuki , Endo Toshiki , Suzuki Shinsuke , Ezura Masayuki , Tominaga Teiji
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Bow hunter’s syndrome (BHS) is an uncommon cause of vertebrobasilar ischemic stroke, which results from occlusion or injury to the vertebral artery (VA) during neck rotation. Although hemodynamic insufficiency is the predominant underlying mechanism of this entity, BHS due to embolic mechanisms is rare. The authors report a case of BHS characterized by repeated posterior circulation embolism and present some considerations of BHS with an embolic mechanism.

OBSERVATIONS

A 57-year-old man suffered from repeated embolic stroke in the posterior circulation. Digital subtraction angiography revealed caliber irregularity of the V3 segment of the left nondominant-side VA, which occluded when the neck rotated to the right side. The patient was diagnosed with BHS with an embolic mechanism due to endothelial damage caused by osteophytes at the C1 foramen transversarium. After C1–C2 fusion surgery, the patient never experienced the recurrence of stroke. According to a literature review, BHS due to embolic mechanisms tends to occur in young male adults, manifesting as recurrent stroke in the posterior circulation. Involvement of the nondominant-side VA can cause BHS with an underlying embolic mechanism.

LESSONS

BHS due to an embolic mechanism should be considered as a differential diagnosis if patients have repeated embolic strokes in the posterior circulation.
Multifocal primary central nervous system Ewing sarcoma presenting with intracranial hemorrhage and leptomeningeal dissemination: illustrative case
Authors: Huguenard Anna L. , Li Yuping Derek , Sharifai Nima , Perkins Stephanie M. , Dahiya Sonika , Chicoine Michael R.
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Ewing sarcoma is a neoplasm within the family of small round blue cell tumors and most frequently arises from skeletal bone. Primary involvement of the central nervous system in these lesions is extremely rare, with an incidence of 1%.

OBSERVATIONS

A case is presented of a 34-year-old man who presented with left facial numbness, multiple intracranial lesions, a lumbar intradural lesion, and diffuse spinal leptomeningeal involvement. A lumbar laminectomy and biopsy were performed, which revealed the diagnosis of extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor. The patient had a rapidly progressive clinical decline despite total neuroaxis radiation and multiple lines of chemotherapeutic treatments, eventually dying from his disease and its sequelae 6 months after diagnosis.

LESSONS

The authors’ review of 40 cases in the literature revealed only 2 patients with isolated intraaxial cranial lesions, 4 patients with cranial and spine involvement, and an additional 34 patients with spine lesions. The unique characteristics of this patient’s case, including his presentation with diffuse disease and pathology that included a rare V600E BRAF mutation, are discussed in the context of the available literature.