bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O uso da Inteligência Articial como ferramenta de diagnóstico radiológico
Authors: Pereira Thiago Napumuceno , Campagnaro Rebeca Maria Rabello , Dias Isadora Clemente , Oliveira Jennifer Tavares de , Gracioso Maria Eduarda Feijolo , Marcelino Matheus Coimbra , Garcia Sônia Cardoso Moreira
Published: December 2024

A inteligência artificial está presente no cotidiano mundial, portanto, pensa-se nas aplicabilidades desta tecnologia na área da saúde. Aplicada ao cenário radiológico, esta ferramenta se mostrou mais eficaz, através da compilação de imagens, diagnósticos e prontuários eletrônicos. É capaz de guiar e auxiliar o radiologista responsável pelo diagnóstico, conferindo eficácia e segurança ao profissional e pacientes. Por meio deste estudo, objetiva-se evidenciar o uso da IA no ambiente médico e principalmente na radiologia como guia na realização de diagnósticos. Além disso, é representado o impacto que este instrumento apresenta neste âmbito. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa, com artigos de 2017 a 2023, dentre esses, foram selecionados 11 artigos que melhor abordam o tema. A IA diante a clínica cardiológica, auxilia no diagnóstico precoce da disfunção de câmaras cardíacas, aterosclerose coronariana, cardiomiopatias e patologias valvares. Possui papel fundamental na aprimoração dos exames de radiografia e tomografia pulmonar, que contribui para a diminuição nas taxas de erros. Ademais, durante a pandemia do COVID-19, métodos utilizados pelo algoritmo analítico colaboraram diretamente na quantificação e estratificação de lesões pulmonares. A IA desempenha papel crucial em todas as etapas da mamografia e tomossíntese mamária (DBT), abrangendo desde geração de imagens até previsão de riscos e detecção do câncer. Contudo, deve ser enfatizado que esta tecnologia não é substitui o radiologista, ela apenas auxilia estes profissionais a efetuarem diagnósticos mais precisos. Portanto, modelos de aplicação da IA na formação médica devem ser encorajados, dado os resultados expostos por esta revisão.
Sífilis Congênita: Uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Silva Sofia Xavier , Leal Renata Teixeira , Gonzaga Mariana Ramos , Jorge Giovana Diniz
Published: December 2024

Considerando a relevância da sífilis adquirida na gestação e da sífilis congênita, obstáculos significativos de saúde pública no Brasil, destaca-se a importância das ações de prevenção e diagnóstico, especialmente no pré-natal e durante o parto. O objetivo deste estudo é revisar os principais aspectos relacionados à patologia, como epidemiologia, fisiopatologia, recomendações de rastreio, diagnóstico e tratamento. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura, utilizando as bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs e Scielo, além da consulta à literatura cinzenta. Observa-se que a sífilis congênita, uma infecção de alta prevalência e atualmente em reemergência no Brasil, pode causar consequências graves, afetando diversos órgãos e sistemas do organismo. Conclui-se que a identificação precoce dos sinais clínicos, o uso e interpretação adequados dos testes diagnósticos e o controle eficaz do tratamento são fundamentais para o controle epidemiológico da doença e a prevenção de possíveis sequelas.
Manutenção de laminados cerâmicos
Authors: Ferreira Chrislâne de Farias , Marques Thays Freitas da Silva , Vieira Laura Gabriela Rolim dos Santos , Maia Vitória Evelly Fernandes , Silva Andrey Henrique da , Gusmão Nina Rosa de Souza Soares , Silva Victor Gabriel Rocha da , Mendonça Izabel Cristina Gomes de
Published: December 2024

Introdução: Os laminados tornaram-se bastante utilizados por sua compatibilidade e durabilidade sendo assim uma solução funcional e estética para vários problemas dentários (PAIVA et al., 2019). As cerâmicas são lâminas ultrafinas de porcelana aderidas para a superfície externa do elemento dentário, feitas para combinar com a estética do dente, melhorando o sorriso de forma geral (SAILO et al; 2020). Para o sucesso e longevidade das facetas e laminados cerâmicos, é imprescindível que o paciente mantenha uma higiene bucal adequada e que exista um controle regular no consultório. Para isto, é necessário realizar orientações de higiene, tratamento periodontal, correta higiene bucal, acompanhamento ao longo dos meses para, se necessário, realizar alguma intervenção (ATTIA, et al., 2021). Metodologia: O estudo aborda uma revisão integrativa da literatura com o objetivo de entender a importância da laminados cerâmicos. Os dados foram coletados de fontes secundárias por meio de levantamento bibliográfico, adotando uma abordagem qualitativa com características descritivas e retrospectivas. Conclusão: Conclui-se que para o sucesso e longevidade das facetas e laminados cerâmicos, é imprescindível que o paciente mantenha uma higiene bucal adequada e que exista um controle regular no consultório.
Protocolos e recomendações para minimizar a sensibilidade dental durante o clareamento
Authors: Peçanha Marcelo Massaroni , Galoza Marina , Rodrigues Hellen Cristhina Nascimento , Gama Luiz Fernando , Cardoso Nubia Cordeiro
Published: December 2024

Considerando a crescente demanda por tratamentos estéticos odontológicos, o clareamento dental é amplamente realizado, mas frequentemente acompanhado de efeitos adversos, como a sensibilidade dentária. Este problema tem gerado preocupações tanto entre pacientes quanto profissionais da odontologia, pois a sensibilidade pode comprometer o conforto e a adesão ao tratamento. Objetiva-se, portanto, apresentar protocolos e recomendações para minimizar a sensibilidade dental durante o clareamento, proporcionando uma experiência mais confortável e segura para os pacientes. Para tanto, procede-se à análise de técnicas e substâncias dessensibilizantes, como o uso de flúor, além da modulação da concentração dos agentes clareadores. Observa-se que a aplicação de estratégias preventivas, como a redução da exposição à substância clareadora e o uso de géis dessensibilizantes, pode reduzir significativamente a incidência de desconforto. Além disso, a individualização do tratamento, levando em consideração as características do paciente, é fundamental para otimizar os resultados e minimizar os efeitos adversos. Desse modo, conclui-se que a adoção de protocolos adequados, aliada à conscientização sobre o manejo da sensibilidade, pode aumentar a eficácia do clareamento dental e a satisfação do paciente, melhorando a segurança e os resultados do tratamento.
Toxina botulínica no tratamento do bruxismo: eficácia e considerações clínicas
Authors: Biscaro Aline de Oliveira , Brito Emilly Barroso de , Silva Antônio Jander Santos , Freitas Juliana Rocha de
Published: December 2024

Considerando que o bruxismo é um distúrbio que causa dor, desgaste dental e diminuição da qualidade de vida, este trabalho busca avaliar a eficácia da toxina botulínica como uma alternativa terapêutica para o tratamento dessa condição. Objetiva-se analisar a redução da atividade muscular dos músculos mastigatórios e o impacto no alívio dos sintomas. Para tanto, procede-se a uma revisão sistemática da literatura, incluindo estudos clínicos randomizados e ensaios não controlados, com pesquisa em bases de dados como PubMed, SciELO e Google Acadêmico. Desse modo, observa-se que a aplicação da toxina botulínica resulta em uma significativa diminuição da dor e da frequência dos episódios de bruxismo, melhorando a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Os estudos analisados também indicam uma redução no volume muscular do masseter, o que contribui para o alívio da hiperatividade muscular associada ao bruxismo. Dessa forma, isso permite concluir que a toxina botulínica é uma opção viável e eficaz no manejo do bruxismo, embora desafios como custo e necessidade de capacitação contínua dos profissionais de saúde devam ser considerados para otimizar os resultados.
خصائص ومحددات الأداء في المشاريع النسائية الكويتية
Authors: العويهان عبدالله خالد , حسن ميرزا حسين , الظفيري عواد محمد
Published: December 2024

يهدف هذا البحث إلى تحديد العوامل المحددة لأداء المشاريع النسائية الكويتية الصغيرة، والعوامل القادرة على التمييز بين المنشآت النسائية الكويتية الصغيرة المحققة للأرباح، والمنشآت النسائية الكويتية الصغيرة غير المحققة للأرباح. ومن أجل تحقيق هذا الهدف استخدمت عينة عشوائية مكونة من (203) سيدة أعمال كويتية تملك منشآت صغيرة. وقد تمت دراسة (13) متغيراً (هي مهنة الأب، الحالة الاجتماعية، عدد سنوات الخبرة، عمر المنشأة، المشاركة في القرار، حجم المشروع (عدد العاملين)، العمر، المستوى التعليمي لسيدة الأعمال، وجود خبرة سابقة، مستوى الزوج التعليمي، عدد الشركاء، عدد الأبناء، المستوى الاجتماعي الذي نشأت فيه صاحبة المشروع)، وذلك باستخدام الانحدار الخطي المتعدد وتحليل التمايز (Discriminate Analysis). وقد دلت النتائج على أن متغيري المستوى الاجتماعي وحجم المنشأة فقط لهما القدرة على التنبوء بحجم المبيعات، وأن خمسة متغيرات فقط (مهنة الأب، الحالة الاجتماعية، عدد سنوات الخبرة، عمر المنشأة، أسلوب المشاركة في القرار) لها القدرة على التمييز بين المنشآت المحققة للأرباح وغير المحققة للأرباح.
Diuretic activity and urinary electrolyte effects of Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br. & Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn. in experimental rats
Authors: Thatipelli Sujith , Rethinam Ganesan , Reddy Gaddam Dayanand , Ramachandran Shakila , Pushparathinam Gopinath
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Diuretic drugs are commonly prescribed as primary or adjuvant therapy in various diseases, including congestive cardiac failure and hypertension. However, the adverse effects limit their usage to specific populations. There is an excellent opportunity for drugs with effective diuretic action and limited side effects. The present research was designed to assess the diuretic potential of ethanolic extract of Hemidesmus indicus (HIEE) and Decalepis hamiltonii (DHEE). Methods: A total of 8 groups (n=6) of Wistar rats were used in the study to assess the diuretic activity of HIEE and DHEE. Group I was treated with 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), group II with furosemide (10 mg/kg, p.o), groups III-V with HIEE, and groups VI-VIII with DHEE, respectively, at 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg doses. After the treatment, animals were individually shifted to metabolic cages for urine collection at 5 and 24 h intervals and studied the urinary electrolytes. Saluretic and natriuretic effects and the index of HIEE and DHEE were calculated. Results: The results revealed that both extracts considerably (P < 0.05) increased the urine volume and electrolytes (Na+ , K+ , Cl– ) compared to the normal control except low dose treatment. DHEE extract at 800 mg/kg dose showed higher diuretic potential than HIEE in the total volume of urine and urinary electrolytes (P < 0.05). Conclusion: HIEE and DHEE possess diuretic potential, which should be confirmed in human studies.
Investigation of hypoglycemic and antidiarrheal activity on mice model and in vitro anthelmintic study of Macropanax dispermus (Blume) Kuntze (Araliaceae): a promising ethnomedicinal plant
Authors: Afrin Syeda Rubaiya , Islam Mohammad Rashedul , Didari Sayeda Saima , Jannat Sarah Waddun , Nisat Ummah Tasnim , Hossain Mohammed Kamrul
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Macropanax dispermus is an ethnomedicinal plant, which has been shown to have pharmacological effects against inflammation. Inflammation is also associated with diabetic-related complications. In addition, the indigenous people used this plant to cure numerous digestive system disorders. These ethnomedicinal uses have inspired the current research to focus on determining the biological potential of the crude methanol extract of its leaves (MDML) and stem barks (MDMS) against morbid diseases such as diarrhea, helminthiasis, and diabetes mellitus related to hyperglycemia. This study also identified the functional groups present in MDML which could correlate the presence of different phytochemicals responsible for biological activities. Methods: The hypoglycemic activity and antidiarrheal tests were done on Swiss albino mice through an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and castor-oil-induced diarrhea, respectively. The anthelmintic test was done in vitro on Pheretima posthuma. The functional groups were identified by using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Results: Here, MDML at 400 mg/kg exhibited a significant (P<0.05) hypoglycemic activity as well as decreased diarrheal drops significantly (P<0.001) when compared to the control group. Additionally, MDMS showed a concentration-dependent significant effect as a prospective anthelmintic agent. The FTIR spectra demonstrated the presence of different functional groups, which might contribute to the presence of flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and other related compounds. Conclusion: The present research demonstrated that MDML and MDMS might be effective interventions for treating hyperglycemia, diarrhea, and helminthiasis.
The cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of Costus speciosus (Koenig) Smith (Costaceae) leaves against MCF-7 and HeLa cells
Authors: Halimah Eli , Wilar Gofarana , Sofian Ferry Ferdiansyah , Megantara Sandra , Levita Jutti
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Costus cuspidatus and Costus subsessilis have shown cytotoxic effects in HL60, Jurkat, and THP-1 cells. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and apoptotic activity of the ethanol extract and fractions of C. speciosus leaves against MCF-7 and HeLa cells and to study the binding affinity of known phytoconstituents in C. speciosus toward caspase-3. Methods: The leaves were extracted with 96% ethanol for 72 hours. The extract was further subjected to a liquid-liquid fractionation by employing water, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate solvents. The cytotoxicity of the ethanol extract (CSEE), as well as water (CSWF), n-hexane (CSHF), and ethyl acetate (CSEF) fractions on MCF-7 and HeLa cells was carried out using the CCK-8/WST-8 reagent, followed by flow cytometry analysis to obtain the apoptotic activity on both cells. Results: On MCF-7 cells, the best cytotoxicity was exhibited by CSEF (IC50 of 58.71 µg/mL), followed respectively by CSHF, CSWF, and CSEE. On HeLa cells, the extract and fractions weakly inhibited the survival growth rate, with the best cytotoxicity respectively shown by CSEF (IC50 of 233.881 µg/mL), CSEE, and CSHF. Furthermore, the exposure of CSEF to MCF7 cells resulted in an average of 22.9% undergoing early-stage apoptosis, to HeLa cells resulted in an average of 40.85% undergoing necrosis. Molecular docking simulation revealed that diosgenin and beta-sitosterol interacted with caspase-3 residues with considerable affinity. Conclusion: The CSEF of C. speciosus leaves induces cytotoxicity, whose mechanism seems to be either at the early apoptosis stage on MCF-7 cells or by necrosis on HeLa cells.
Bambú: análisis bibliométrico, usos, importancia y perspectivas en México y el mundo
Authors: Aquino Valeria Martínez , Patlán Edna Elena Suárez , Ortiz Azucena Olvera , Olguin Juan Quintanar , López Martha Elena Fuentes
Published: December 2024

El bambú es una planta de gran importancia a nivel mundial, reconocida por sus múltiples aplicaciones, especialmente en la construcción y como servicio ambiental. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la necesidad de generar más investigación para el aprovechamiento sustentable del bambú, así como impulsar esta especie como una planta con potencial alimentario mediante bibliometría. Se realizó un análisis bibliométrico utilizando la base de datos Scopus para evaluar la investigación a nivel global sobre el bambú, poniendo “México” y “brotes de bambú con fines alimentarios” como variables de estudio. Se determinó que el valor ecológico del bambú ha aumentado debido a su capacidad para absorber carbono y captar agua, ayudando a mitigar el cambio climático, además, el bambú tiene un potencial alimentario significativo, sus brotes son ricos en proteínas, fibras, minerales y vitaminas, y tienen un bajo contenido de grasa, sin embargo, la investigación sobre el uso del bambú como alimento en México es limitada. En México, aunque existen 56 especies de bambú, solo 39 son nativas. La especie Guadua aculeata, conocida como “bambú gigante”, es destacada por su uso en la construcción y la manufactura de artesanías, así mismo, se ha reconocido por la literatura como una alternativa sobresaliente para la captura de carbono, por lo que se recomiendan más estudios de esta especie dirigidos al uso alimentario. Se concluye que un estudio más dirigido de brotes de bambú para consumo humano podría ser una alternativa en la búsqueda de la soberanía alimentaria de los países productores. Así como los estudios dirigidos a captura de carbono y captación de agua de estas especies como alternativa para afrontar los problemas actuales de cambio climático
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANXIETY AND FOMO (FEAR OF MISSING OUT) WITH NOMOPHOBIA IN NURSING FACULTY STUDENTS
Authors: Melani Dela , Yunisman Roni  , Ade Dilaruri
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Smartphones can have positive and negative impacts on their users. Generally, smartphone use among the community is difficult to control, causing dependence on smartphone use or known as nomophobia. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between anxiety and FoMO in the Faculty of Nursing, University of Riau. Method: This study is a quantitative study using a descriptive correlational design and a cross-sectional approach. The research sample was 235 respondents from the Faculty of Nursing, University of Riau using the stratified random sampling technique. The instruments used in this study were the No Mobile Phone Phobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOS) and HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale). The analysis using the alternative kolmogorov smirnov test. Results: The majority of respondents experienced moderate nomophobia as many as 129 (54.9%), high anxiety as many as 121 (51.5%) and high FoMO as many as 123 (52.3%) students. There was a significant relationship between anxiety and nomophobia with a p value = 0.001 <0.05 and there was a significant relationship between FoMO and nomophobia obtained a p value = 0.000 <0.05. Conclusion: The higher the anxiety and FoMO, the higher the nomophobia, conversely, the lower the anxiety and FoMO, the lower the nomophobia in students.
Пахидермопериостит с Антисинтетазен синдром
Authors: Gancheva Rada , Kundurdjiev Atanas , Parvova Iva , Nikolova Milena , Petranova Tzvetana , Sheitanov Ivan , Yankova Petia , Kolarov Zlatimir
Published: December 2024

Пахидермопериоститът представлява първична форма на хипертрофична остеоартропатия. Антисинтетазният синдром е автоимунна болест, която се  характеризира се с автоантитела срещу една от многото аминоацил транспортна РНК синтетази и развитие на интерстициална белодробна болест, неерозивен артрит, миозит, феномен на Рейно, необясним фебрилитет и „ръце на механик”. Представяме пациентка на 36 г., която постъпва в ревматологична клиниката от дифузни ставни болки и периодична поява на оток в коленните стави, дифузни миалгии, побеляване и посиняване на пръстите на ръцете и стъпалата с фебрилитет във вечерните часове от около 1 г. Впоследствие при болната се появи фоточувствителен еритем по лицето. Проведената ангиопулмография дава данни за белодробна хипертония от венозен тип и начална спленопортална хипертония. При прегледа впечатление прави синдром на Рейно, пръсти тип „барабанна палка“ и нокти тип „часовниково стъкло“. Направените изследвания демонстрират нормални острофазови показатели и мускулносвързани ензими, повишени ANA и многократно завишени anti-PL-7 и anti-Ro-52. От High Resolution Computed Tomography на бели дробове не се установяват патологични промени. Кожната биопсия показа отлагане на IgM по дермоепидермалната граница. Функционално изследване на дишането показа изолиран спад на TLCO, което би могло да се обясни с пулмоналната хипертония. Приехме, че при пациентката са налични Пахидермопериостит и Антисинтетазен синдром. Започна се лечение с Кортикостероиди, Плакенил и Азатиоприн с добър ефект.
Territorial features of migration intentions of high school students in the Stavropol Region
Authors: Kagiyan Anetta , Soloviev Ivan , Zolnikova Julia
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the current problem of youth migration in the context of a protracted demographic crisis in Russia (using the example of the Stavropol Territory). The study, based on data from a 2023 mass online survey of high school students (grades 8–11) in the Stavropol Territory, identified factors and motives for youth migration intentions, and also identified their territorial features. The key research methods are surveys, comparative geographic, cartographic and geoinformation. To construct cartograms, the QGIS geographic information platform was used. For the first time, several background cartograms have been constructed that reflect regional features in Russia of migration intentions of high school students in the Stavropol Territory, as well as intraregional features of migration intentions in the Stavropol Territory. To develop cartograms, the proportional indicators of migration intentions of high school students in the Stavropol Territory were calculated, which made it possible to clearly reflect the migration intentions of this category of youth at the regional and intraregional (municipal) territorial levels. The study identified the prevailing “intraregional trend” of migration intentions for the purpose of continuing education of high school students in the Stavropol Territory, as a rule, covering large centers of vocational education in the Stavropol and Kavminvody urban agglomerations, and above all, Stavropol and Pyatigorsk. Outside the region, the most attractive cities for schoolchildren are Moscow, St. Petersburg, Rostov-on-Don and Krasnodar. The migration aspirations of high school students after graduating from vocational education mainly have an “external” focus, consisting in leaving young people for permanent residence outside the Stavropol Territory, which, in the conditions of a demographic crisis, will lead to an inevitable increase in depopulation of the population and a decrease in the labor resource potential of the region.
Geoinformation mapping of population dynamics in diamond mining areas of Yakutia
Authors: Filippova Viktoriya , Litvinenko Tamara
Published: December 2024

The dynamics of population and number of settlements in diamond-mining areas of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) over a long historical period was assessed. The source materials of the study were archival statistical data of the All-Union (1959, 1970, 1979, 1989) and All-Russian population censuses (2002, 2010 and 2020), reference books of the administrative-territorial division of Yakutia, passports and strategies of socio-economic development of municipalities, archival documents and field materials. The main objective of the study has two components: identification of trends in the number of settlements and consideration of the impact of the diamond mining industry on the population dynamics of the studied areas. The main methods were the methods of geoinformation mapping, combining the possibilities of automated map construction based on classified indicators. The dynamics of the number of settlements was determined by mapping the difference of its values for 1959–2020, where 1959 is the year preceding the beginning of development of diamondiferous deposits in Western Yakutia. The population of the diamond mining areas doubled between 1959 and 2020. At the same time, the population growth and decrease in the share of the indigenous population in the total population during the Soviet period was replaced by population contraction and increase in the share of indigenous ethnic groups in the post-Soviet period. Against the background of overall population growth, there was a significant reduction in the number of settlements over the sixty-year period. The greatest compression of the settlement network was observed in areas where indigenous ethnic groups led a nomadic lifestyle. The geographical pattern of the settlement network with the predominance of sedentary population (Yakuts) was preserved, while the settlements themselves were enlarged. This conclusion is based on QGIS maps showing the location of settlements in the 8 studied uluses (districts) of Yakutia.
Strategi Membangun Kemampuan Computational Thinking Bagi Guru Negeri Sekolah Dasar Gugus 01 dan 02 Mataram
Authors: Rismayati Ria , Kartarina Kartarina , Ismarmiaty Ismarmiaty , Supatmiwati Diah , Syarifaturrahman Wahyu Kamil
Published: December 2024

Computational Thinking (CT) sebagai salah satu teknik penyelesaian masalah yang melatih otak agar terbiasa berpikir secara terstruktur, kritis, dan logis yang mempu menghasilkan solusi dari sebuah rancangan penyelesaian sebuah permasalahan. Teknik ini didukung dengan adanya kurikulum Framework untuk mengarahkan siswa-siswi agar mampu terlibat secara kritis dalam isu-isu ilmu computer sekaligus sebagai pencipta yang melek komputasi. Berdasarkan pentingya CT ini, tim pengabdian pengabdian Bumigora melaksanakan pelayanan kepada guru atau pendidik di Gugus 01 dan Gugus 02 Mataram untuk memberikan pelatihan kepada para pendidik dalam menerapkan pembelajaran CT yang ditambahkan dalam kurikulum dan diimplementasikan di sekolah masing-masing. Pelatihan yang didampingi oleh tim pengabdian berupa pendampingan pembuatan soal berbasis CT pada level sekolah dasar. Adapun metode yang dilakukan adalah tahapan perencanaan, persiapan, penyampaian materi, dan evaluasi.  Pada tahapan akhir yaitu tahapan evaluasi diperoleh penilaian diatas 40% terkait point-point dalam pendampingan kegiatan pengabdian tim Bumigora oleh peserta pelatihan dan workshop CT. Saran yang diperoleh dalam pengabdian ini agar kegiatan ini dapat dilakukan secara berkala kepada tenaga pendidik atau guru pada sekolah dasar, sehingga dapat terlihat perkembangan dan kemajuant para pendidik. Hasil dari pendampingan tersebut akan menghasilkan contoh soal bermuatan CT pada level Sekolah Dasar yang beragam, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pendidik lainnya dalam rangka pelaksanaan kurikulum Framework.
PROBLEMS OF TRANSFORMATION OF ESSAY BROADCASTSON MODERN RADIO
Authors: ISMAILOVA Klimentina
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the modification of artistic and journalistic genres on the radio. It states that despite the recently intensified statements in the scientific community about the disappearance of journalistic and artistic-documentary journalistic genres, national radio journalism has not lost its position; it is represented on the Uzbek airwaves in new specific forms, in new refraction and design. Analyzing the feature programs of state and non-state radio stations of the republic, the author comes to the conclusion that the processes of globalization, commercialization, and media convergence duly influenced their transformation. The changes that have occurred in feature radio journalism are also due to the intensive development of information technology, modern approaches to programming, and the changing demands of the audience. The article reveals the social mission of the radio essay and its essential and functional characteristics. The prevalence of portrait sketches, in particular, of such a variety as historical and biographical ones in the practice of radio broadcasting in Uzbekistan has been proven. The features of the development of a travel essay have been studied. Models for presenting the essay as the core of the entire issue and as a collection of capacious radio essays are considered. It has been revealed that radio essays on domestic radio are more often used in broadcast projects of a national nature — radio magazines, radio compositions, information, and journalistic programs. It has been demonstrated that various programs provide the essay with various opportunities to demonstrate its genre features. Specific examples show that approaches not only to the use of essays in radio broadcasting have changed, but the nature of its relationships with other genres within the program has changed, and its intra-genre structure has undergone transformations. It is shown that modern feature programs have become more “lightweight”, more mobile, and more dynamic. It has been determined that, in contrast to European practice, the essays of the Uzbek broadcast are characterized by a greater focus on moral issues of personality development. They are characterized by great artistry and soft tonality. The increasing personification of essay materials, the use of imagery, and expressive evaluation manifested in special techniques of broadcasting is noted. The problems of feature radio journalism are identified, and recommendations for optimizing content and the forms of its presentation to listeners are presented.
EFFECT OF SMARTPHONE USAGE ON NECK MUSCLE AND HAND GRIP STRENGTH
Authors: Katiyar Keerti , Bhattacharya Sandeep , Yadav Sudpti , Singh Shraddha , Verma Bindiya , Tanveer Md
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Smartphones have become ubiquitous in modern society, influencing daily life and raising concerns about
their effects on musculoskeletal health. Prolonged smartphone use often involves sustained forward head flexion, leading
to strain on the neck muscles. Despite the documented effects on neck muscles, fewer studies have evaluated their impact on hand grip strength,
and even fewer have assessed both together. Henceforth this study was conducted. : To analyse the ne Aim ck muscle and hand grip strength in
smartphone users. This cross-sectional study included 230 young Indian smartphone users aged 18-40 y Material And Methods: ears.
Participants completed the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version to determine addiction status. Neck muscle strength was assessed using
the Deep Neck Flexor Endurance Test (DNFET) and the Cervical Extensor Endurance Test (CEET). Hand grip strength (HGS) was evaluated
using a dynamometer. Statistical analyses included the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney U test. There Results:
were significant differences found between addicted and non-addicted users in weekly screen time (p=0.006), neck flexor time (p=0.002), neck
extensor time (p=0.000) , and both dominant (p=0.000) and non-dominant hand grip strength (p=0.002) among males. While in females,
significant differences were observed only in neck extensor time (p=0.000). Mobile phone addicted males have lower neck flexor (29.94±10.37
seconds) and extensor (38.22±11.57 seconds) muscle time in comparison to females having neck flexor (28.14±10.06 seconds) and extensor
(40.31±14.54 seconds) muscle time. In case of dominant and non-dominant hand grip strength, males with smartphone addiction have
(29.74±8.05 kgs.) and (30.41±7.69 kgs.) respectively whereas females with smartphone addiction have (22.09±4.10 kgs.) and (21.39±4.10 kgs.)
for dominant and non-dominant hand grip strength respectively. Smartphone addiction significantly imp Conclusion: acts neck muscle
endurance and weekly screen time, particularly among males. Despite extensive device use, no significant influence on hand grip strength was
observed. Gender disparities highlight males' higher dependence on smartphones and greater musculoskeletal issues. Awareness and moderation
in device usage are crucial to mitigate adverse health effects.
ENHANCING CLINICAL SKILLS THROUGH CASE-BASED PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICALS: EVALUATED USING STUDENT FEEDBACK
Authors: Priya Ankita , Gaur Seema
Published: December 2024

Background: Traditional physiology practical assessments often focus on isolated tasks, failing to reflect the complexity of real-world clinical
situations. Integrating clinical scenarios into practical exams may bridge this gap by enhancing students' ability to apply physiological knowledge
in clinical settings. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a case-based practical exam format in improving clinical reasoning
and application skills among first-year MBBS students. Methods: The study involved 100 first-year MBBS students at a medical college in
Uttarakhand. The case-based practical exams were introduced as part of their human physiology curriculum. These exams integrated clinical
scenarios requiring students to apply multiple physiological concepts in a practical context. Feedback was collected through a combination of
objective Likert scale-based questions and open-ended subjective responses, focusing on clarity of instructions, relevance, integration of
knowledge, and overall effectiveness of case-based exam pattern. Results: Most students found the clinical scenarios relevant and appreciated the
integration of theoretical and practical knowledge, which fostered critical thinking and problem-solving skills. However, only 46% agreed that the
difficulty level was appropriate, and challenges such as time management and differentiating between similar cases were noted. Suggestions for
improvement included clearer instructions, more guidance, and adjusted difficulty levels. Conclusion: The case-based practical exam format was
generally well-received, enhancing clinical reasoning and application skills. However, further refinement is needed to balance exam difficulty with
student preparedness. This approach has the potential to better prepare students for clinical practice by fostering early development of critical
clinical skills.
TO ASSESS UTILITY OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN AVASCULAR NECROSIS OF FEMORAL HEAD: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Bhagat Manish , Bhardwaj Himanshu
Published: December 2024

Background: Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is a common entity, characterized by bone death within the epiphysis of the femur
secondary to interruption of its blood supply. MRI is used in the evaluation of AVN of femoral head because it is highly sensitive and specific for
the diagnosis as it establish the diagnosis of AVN in symptomatic patients before radiographic changes become apparently visible. MRI has
recently emerged as the most sensitive, specific, and widely used diagnostic tool for avascular necrosis of femural head. In most reports, MRI can
diagnose very early lesions with a greater than 90 percent specificity and sensitivity based on histology or eventual regression. Screening of
asymptomatic, high-risk patients may enable early intervention. The present study was planned to assess the role of MRI in the evaluation of
clinically suspected cases of avascular necrosis of femoral head. Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted among 50
Patients of both sexes and age groups with clinical suspicion of AVN of femoral head attended to Department of Radiodiagnosis of SAIMS & PG
Institute, Indore for the duration of 15 months. Patients qualifying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled after taking written informed
consent from patients or patient's relatives. Patients who did not give the consent and in whom MRI is contraindicated were excluded from the
study. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 38.1 ± 13.085 years [range- 19 to 72 years]. The majority of the subjects were aged less than 40
years. Forty-four percent of subjects had involvement of the femur of only one side whereas 36% of subjects had involvement of both the femur. On
T1 weighted MRI, most of the subjects showed no abnormality (36.8%), and 30.9% of the subjects showed hypointense areas. On T2 weighted
MRI, 88.2% of the subjects showed hypointense areas, and on STIR MRI, the largest percentage of subjects showed heterogeneous areas (36.8%).
The majority of the subjects had Grade IIIC AVN (31.6%), followed by those with Grade IVC. Subchondral signal abnormality was the most
common MRI finding, present in 41.2% of subjects. The double line sign was present in 16.2% of subjects, and bone marrow edema was present in
48.5% of subjects, both significantly associated with AVN (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study findings conclude that MRI can detect early
AVN changes in asymptomatic patients, which is crucial because early diagnosis is critical to preventing or delaying disease progression.
Therefore, it should be the investigation of choice for screening patients at high risk for developing AVN. Promoting awareness and education
regarding early diagnosis and possible prevention and delay in disease progression through MRI evaluation has long-term advantages for both
individual health and the healthcare system.
AI-DRIVEN STRATEGIES FOR OPTIMIZING INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN HOSPITALS
Authors: Ahmed Ilyas Shoeb , Ahmed Ilyas Ayesha , Rubina Rubina
Published: December 2024

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) present a significant global burden, and artificial intelligence (AI) offers innovative solutions to enhance
infection prevention and control (IPC) in hospitals. This review explores AI's current and potential applications in IPC, focusing on predictive
modeling, protocol compliance, and resource optimization. AI-powered models can predict Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) like catheterassociated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) and central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), enabling early detection and timely
interventions to improve patient safety. AI tools also enhance IPC compliance through automated alerts and data-driven analyses of noncompliance. Additionally, AI optimizes resource allocation by forecasting infection trends and improving antibiotic prescribing practices,
reducing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and enhancing patient outcomes. AI integration into antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) further
strengthens infection control by tailoring interventions based on patient and resistance data. However, to fully realize AI's potential, healthcare
systems must address challenges such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and ethical deployment. Future research should focus on refining AI
algorithms, expanding real-world applications, and fostering collaboration among healthcare professionals, AI developers, and ethicists. AI
presents a transformative opportunity to reduce HAIs and improve patient care, but its implementation must be carefully managed.
PULMONARY EMBOLISM: LOOKING BEYOND WELL'S SCORE
Authors: T N Diwakar , Pal Anantini
Published: December 2024

Background: Pulmonary embolism is known as the great masquerader as it has a wide range of clinical manifestations and thus, its diagnosis is
often missed despite it being a fatal medical emergency. Clinical prediction rules such as the Wells score have been traditionally used for assessing
probability of embolism however, they have poor sensitivity and specificity as it is subjective. Other less commonly used prediction rules are the
modified Geneva score. There are limited scores comparing these scoring systems in different clinical settings. Objectives: To understand the
differences in clinical features, ECG and echocardiography findings in patients with CTPA proven pulmonary embolism with a low and high
Modified Wells score and to determine whether Geneva score and pulmonary embolism rule out criteria are better tools to assess pre -test
probability in patients with a low Well's score Methods: After ethical committee clearance, 64 patients who provided informed consent with CTPA
proven pulmonary embolism were assessed for their symptoms, associated medical conditions, CTPA and 2D echo findings and ECG changes.
Well's score and Geneva score were applied for risk assessment. Results: 42% patients had Well's score <4 and a statistically significant difference
was seen in in presence of fever in low Wells score group and leg pain, difficulty in breathing and DVT in the high Wells score group. 85% of
patients with low Wells score had intermediate to high probability using Geneva score while all patients with a high Wells score had a high
probability of pulmonary embolism using the Geneva score. All patients were ruled in via pulmonary embolism rule out criteria. Conclusion:
Pulmonary embolism affects people of all ages with a wide range of clinical manifestations. Well's score which is commonly used for risk
prediction has several limitations especially in cases without classical risk factors. In the presence of fever or inflammatory conditions and absence
of DVT, the Geneva score is a better diagnostic tool and is also less subjective.
A CASE OF TYPE IV HILAR CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA
Authors: Krishna Raj M.V.
Published: December 2024

Cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive malignancy of biliary epithelium that may arise anywhere in the biliary tract, from the intrahepatic biliary
canaliculi to the terminus where the common bile duct enters the duodenum at the duodenal ampulla. Cholangiocarcinoma's comprise about 3% of
gastrointestinal malignancies, are the second most common primary liver tumours, and account for approximately 10% to 15% of all hepatobiliary
malignancies. The incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma has been rising, possibly due to improved diagnostic and classification
techniques, while the incidence of extrahepatic lesions has been falling in recent years Cholangiocarcinoma is classified by anatomical origin as
intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, which is subdivided into perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and distal
cholangiocarcinoma. More than 95% of cholangiocarcinoma's are adenocarcinomas.The radiologic evaluation includes a right upper quadrant
ultrasound examination, which may show intrahepatic biliary ductal dilation but does not usually identify the actual site of obstruction. With hilar
cholangiocarcinoma's, the gallbladder and visualized extrahepatic biliary tree are usually decompressed, whereas distal lesions will have
extrahepatic biliary ductal dilation and gallbladder distention. Typically, computed tomography alone is insufficient for the assessment of
appropriateness of resection. Other imaging methods include percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, ERCP and MRCP. While surgery is the
only cure, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy can also be used in conjunction with surgery. All patients with suspected or confirmed
cholangiocarcinoma should be evaluated for distant metastasis; almost 75% of patients have nonresectable or metastatic disease at presentation.
CASE REPORT ON ANESTHETIC CONSIDERATION IN CEREBRAL PALSY PATIENT POSTED FOR OPEN NEPHRECTOMY
Authors: Dighe Jaya , Sandanshiv Suvarna , Patil Rupali
Published: December 2024

Cerebral palsy (CP) presents unique anesthetic challenges due to its multisystem involvement, particularly in musculoskeletal, respiratory, and
neurological systems. This case involves the anesthetic management of a patient with CP undergoing nephrectomy, a major abdominal surgery. The
complexity of anesthesia in such patients arises from factors like spasticity, contractures, potential airway difficulties, and impaired respiratory
function. Additionally, patients may have altered pharmacokinetics and dynamics of anesthetic agents due to musculoskeletal abnormalities and
possible anticonvulsant therapy, which affects drug metabolism. Preoperative evaluation includes thorough assessment of airway anatomy,
respiratory function, and seizure history, with particular focus on optimizing any existing respiratory conditions. Careful planning for
intraoperative positioning is essential to avoid injury due to spasticity or contractures. Intraoperatively, the choice of anesthetic agents must take
into account the altered sensitivity to neuromuscular blocking agents, and the potential need for prolonged postoperative ventilation. Postoperative
care involves close monitoring for respiratory complications, pain management tailored to the patient's condition, and the prevention of
complications related to immobility. This abstract highlights the need for multidisciplinary collaboration, individualized anesthetic planning, and
meticulous perioperative care to minimize complications and ensure the best possible outcome for CP patients undergoing nephrectomy.
ROLE OF SERUM FERRITIN IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: IMPLICATIONS AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: Vidhyalogini T , Thangarasa Arvind , Selvam Pavithra Panneer
Published: December 2024

Millions of people worldwide suffer from chronic kidney disease (CKD), which frequently results in serious side effects such anaemia,
cardiovascular illness, and higher mortality. Serum ferritin has become more popular among the biomarkers used to track the development of CKD
and its related consequences. In the past, serum ferritin was thought to be an indirect indicator of the body's iron level and a kind of iron storage.
Beyond iron metabolism, though, it plays a crucial role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) as a measure of oxidative stress and inflammation, two
major pathogenic aspects of the disease. Infections and cardiovascular problems are linked to higher morbidity and mortality rates in CKD patients
with elevated blood ferritin levels. The inflammatory condition that many CKD patients experience makes it difficult to evaluate blood ferritin
levels clinically since they may not always appropriately indicate iron shortage. The significance of serum ferritin as an inflammatory measure as
well as an iron storage marker in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is covered in the current review. Aside from emphasising the difficulties in
detecting functional iron insufficiency, the review also discusses the relevance of serum ferritin in the therapy of anaemia associated with CKD. In
addition, we investigate the therapeutic implications of high ferritin levels and how to maintain iron homeostasis in patients with chronic kidney
disease. Through more individualised and efficient treatment plans, a better understanding of the complex function serum ferritin plays in chronic
kidney disease (CKD) can lead to better patient outcomes.
Developing English Speaking Materials for Islamic High School Students: Learning Needs and Practicality
Authors: Purwati Diana , Yasin Ilyas , Karmila  , Arifudin
Published: December 2024

The development of English speaking materials that meet with students’ learning specific needs of Islamic high school students is essential for enhancing their communicative competence while aligning with their cultural and educational contexts. Even though learning resources for speaking skill have been developed, the learning resource, textbook, that design for enhancing EFL students’ speaking skill and meet with their learning needs at Islamic Institution is still rare. This study aims to design, validate, and assess the practicality of English speaking materials that support the speaking skill of these learners. Using Research and Development study (R&D) consisting of four stages: define, design, develop, and dessiminate. Thirty students were involved in this study at one of Islamic Senior High Schools in West Nusa Tenggara Provinces, Indonesia.  A comprehensive needs analysis was conducted through surveys and classroom observations to identify students’ linguistic requirements, preferences, and challenges. The findings showed that the majority of the students aim to master the speaking skill that incorporating Islamic themes and communicative activities as it meets with their context and culture. Expert evaluations confirmed the validity of the learning materials, highlighting their linguistic accuracy, relevance, and cultural appropriateness which clearly showed 93%, and 90% respectively. The study concludes that the development of learning resources that integrating Islamic values and communicative language teaching principles is fundamental for Islamic senior high school students to support their speaking skill.
Keywords: English speaking materials, Islamic high schools, needs analysis, validity, ESP