bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La prise en compte du risque dans le voyage d’affaires
Authors: Pénaud Étienne , Machat Karim , Ospital David
Published: October 2023

Cet article présente les résultats d’une première recherche exploratoire sur la prise en compte du risque dans le voyage d’affaires. Une revue de littérature permet tout d’abord d’identifier la fonction même de travel management dans l’entreprise tout autant que l’émergence d’un nouveau métier, le travel manager (TM) dont nous montrons que la mission principale repose sur la prise en compte du risque dans ses différentes dimensions (financière, physique, de performance, etc.). Une étude qualitative et exploratoire, réalisée auprès d’un échantillon de 10 gestionnaires de voyages, nous amène ensuite à identifier la nature du risque tel qu’il est pris en compte par ces mêmes gestionnaires de voyage d’affaires (ou TM). Les principaux résultats de notre recherche révèlent la difficulté de l’évaluation des risques par les TM et suggèrent des leviers d’actions pour y parvenir.
Reconnaissance au travail VS mépris et déni : reconnaître l’existence et l’évolution positive des salariés
Authors: Roche Alexis
Published: October 2023

La reconnaissance est un concept complexe et polysémique. Des incompréhensions, tant au niveau théorique que dans l’application du concept, résident dans le fait que la reconnaissance ne s’oppose pas simplement à un type unique de non-reconnaissance. La recherche porte sur une étude de cas dans une entreprise de service du secteur de l’outillage industriel. Elle fait, en particulier, la synthèse de l’analyse lexicale de 2 179 verbatims issus de 2 diagnostics représentant 195 entretiens ainsi que d’autres dispositifs d’observations. L’article vise à identifier deux types de non-reconnaissance : le mépris et le déni. Il illustre en quoi ces types de non-reconnaissance se rattachent à la perception du récepteur de ces actes et à l’interprétation qu’il donne aux intentions de l’émetteur des actes (ou de leur absence). Il amène à conceptualiser, en creux, deux formes de reconnaissance différentes : la reconnaissance de l’existence et la reconnaissance de l’évolution positive, qui permettent de mieux comprendre les attentes humaines ayant des impacts directs sur le champ de la performance sociale, notamment la santé mentale des individus, et indirects sur la performance économique, conséquence des dégradations mentales et sociales liées aux relations entre individus.
L’impact de l’ancrage de l’entreprise sur l’engagement des salariés au sein du territoire
Authors: Bousquet François , Barbat Valérie
Published: October 2023

Nous appelons « ancrage territorial » une coopération entre une entreprise et son territoire, par laquelle des ressources nouvelles sont construites collectivement. L’ancrage territorial d’une entreprise construit un prolongement organisationnel entre l’entreprise et le territoire : adhésion à des conventions communes, proximités multiples, co-organisation d’actions collectives, investissements croisés, partage de la valeur, échange d’informations intenses. De nombreux travaux ont montré les enjeux de l’ancrage pour les entreprises et pour les territoires mais peu se sont attachés à l’impact de l’ancrage sur les salariés. En particulier, lorsqu’un salarié éprouve un engagement organisationnel fort envers son entreprise, et que cette entreprise est ancrée, cela conduit-il le salarié à avoir un lien particulier envers le territoire ; notamment un engagement organisationnel fort envers celui-ci ? Une étude qualitative par cas multi-sites fait notamment apparaitre que l’engagement continu envers le territoire est en partie renforcé par l’ancrage de l’entreprise. L’engagement affectif du salarié envers le territoire est favorisé par l’engagement affectif envers l’entreprise, par une participation directe à des actions collectives liées à l’ancrage, par la place accordée aux salariés dans les réseaux professionnels de l’entreprise.
Pour une approche intégrée de la construction de notre système de défense
Authors: Burkhard Thierry , Chiva Emmanuel
Published: October 2023

Protéger la France est la mission première de nos armées. Dans un contexte stratégique de plus en plus complexe et de plus en plus conflictuel, nous avons l’obligation de construire un système de défense robuste permettant de faire la guerre. Cela signifie une action déterminée et partagée ensemble portée par les forces et la DGA, en s’appuyant sur une BITD dynamique, agile et innovante.
LPM 2024-2030 : un effort certes… mais insuffisant
Authors: Perrin Cédric
Published: October 2023

La LPM 2024-2030 représente certes un effort intéressant mais reste insuffisante face aux défis imposés par le retour de la haute intensité. Cette LPM devra être consolidée tout en revoyant le format de nos coopérations et le choix de nos partenaires. Il faudra aussi réfléchir aux exigences de demain et préparer pour 2028 un nouveau Livre blanc .
Les lois de programmation militaire et la Marine nationale
Authors: Prézelin Bernard
Published: October 2023

Les lois de programmation militaire ont permis dans un premier temps de constituer la Force océanique stratégique (Fost). Toutefois, au fil des décennies et des LPM successives, les objectifs initiaux ont été souvent revus à la baisse. Dès lors, de nombreux programmes de construction navale ont subi des réductions.
De la guerre
Authors: Cot Jean
Published: October 2023

À l’heure du retour de la guerre de haute intensité sur le sol européen, il est nécessaire de prendre en compte les enseignements tirés de la période de la guerre froide, alors que nos forces se préparaient pour affronter le Pacte de Varsovie. Un commandement entraîné et des forces morales renforcent la dissuasion. Autant de leçons encore pertinentes pour la prochaine LPM.
Le ravitaillement des outre-mer en environnement contesté
Authors: Pelletier Doisy Tanguy
Published: October 2023

Nos outre-mer constituent un atout majeur pour la France mais restent vulnérables dans leur ravitaillement en cas de crise. Protéger ces lignes de communications, en particulier vers l’Indo-Pacifique, devient un impératif en utilisant un éventail de modes d’action et en renforçant nos partenariats stratégiques.
L’essor de la cartographie, reflet d’un monde en plein bouleversement
Authors: Lambert Blanche
Published: October 2023

La cartographie connaît un essor sans précédent, reflétant les bouleversements géopolitiques du monde. Les nouveaux outils comme les données satellitaires et les traitements numériques permettent d’augmenter les informations proposées. Avec le risque d’une utilisation des cartes à des fins politiques comme le fait la Chine. Plus que jamais, la carte devient indispensable pour analyser et comprendre.
La guerre russo-ukrainienne : éléments d’histoires et de droit international
Authors: Chamard Thierry
Published: October 2023

La guerre en Ukraine – de par sa longueur et son intensité – expose les problématiques du droit international. L’émergence de nouveaux acteurs institutionnels ou privés remettant en cause les principes de Jus in Bello interroge et oblige à réfléchir sur l’issue du conflit, notamment sur la notion de « Frontière ».
Les affaires de l’Indo-Pacifique et l’alliance nippo-américaine
Authors: Couraye Hervé
Published: October 2023

L’alliance nippo-américaine prend racine dans la défaite du Japon en 1945 avec l’alignement de Tokyo sur les positions de Washington. Le contexte actuel est devenu beaucoup plus complexe avec une Chine aux ambitions impériales ouvertement affichées, sans oublier les conséquences de la guerre en Ukraine déclenchée par la Russie et la nucléarisation de la Corée du Nord.
Histoire militaire
Authors: Franc Claude
Published: October 2023

Le retrait de la France de la structure militaire de l’Otan ne doit pas être réduit à une mésentente entre le général de Gaulle et Washington. Il s’agit davantage d’une question majeure autour de la notion de souveraineté et de la mise en œuvre de notre dissuasion nucléaire, devenue une réalité à partir de 1964.
Mila, l’envie d’un autre corps
Authors: Trichet Geneviève
Published: October 2023

Depuis qu’elle ne se reconnaît plus dans le miroir, une adolescente se vit comme « dissociée » : de multiples identités s’imposent à elle. Cette expérience hallucinatoire et délirante, angoissante mais tentative de structuration subjective, s’accompagne d’un refus de son apparence corporelle féminine et de l’envie d’un autre corps. Ce cas clinique développe les causes de ce bouleversement et l’importance d’une image masculine comme ressort de sa position homosexuelle féminine.
En baver d’envie
Authors: Fleury Emmanuel
Published: October 2023

Quand Nemo prend les lunettes du praticien dans la poche de sa chemise, qu’il s’empare de ses notes pour les déchirer, qu’il le barbouille de peinture verte, que fait-il ? De quoi s’empare-t-il ? Quelle est donc cette envie ? Une envie qui ne se laisse pas facilement cerner et qu’il est important de savoir distinguer de la jalousie. Avec Rosine Lefort, c’est l’envie qui permet à l’enfant de reproduire ce qu’il est sous les yeux de l’analyste. Elle est proche de la frustration telle que définie par Jacques Lacan. Dans la psychose de l’enfant, l’envie est un moment qui lui permet de produire son être pour l’Autre.
De l’envie du cadet à la jalousie de Chateaubriand
Authors: Guipaud Sibylle
Published: October 2023

Le jeune enfant qui contemple d’un regard envieux son frère de lait constitue la scène de la naissance au péché dans le livre I des Confessions (vers 397-401) de Saint Augustin. Cette scène rejoue la scène du péché originel, lorsque Adam et Ève se complaisent dans l’admiration de leur image, renvoyée par l’autre, et deviennent sujets de la libido. Lecteur attentif de Saint Augustin, Lacan a su s’appuyer sur les découvertes cliniques de Melanie Klein pour repérer dans cette scène les éléments caractéristiques de l’envie, cette étape, essentielle pour chacun, qui permet d’entrer dans la subjectivité et le langage. De plus, la comparaison de deux traductions, l’une de Robert Arnauld d’Andilly (1671), et l’autre de Patrice Cambronne (1998), met en relief la dialectique logique de l’envie, pour rendre compte du cheminement de l’envie vers la jalousie, à partir de l’objet  a . Chateaubriand, qui s’approprie une écriture mémorialiste, inspirée de Saint Augustin depuis la Fronde, transforme son envie de cadet d’une vieille famille aristocratique, en la jalousie de l’écrivain Chateaubriand, qui prend, outre-tombe, la place de l’héritier légitime.
Le wokisme ou comment continuer à dormir
Authors: Žižek Slavoj , Bourgois Annie
Published: October 2023

Le wokisme mérite plus que jamais notre attention critique. Ce phénomène se normalise en effet, il est de plus en plus toléré et la plupart des instances gouvernementales et universitaires le mettent en application. Or l’usage généralisé du pronom « iel » inaugure une vision radicalement nouvelle de l’universalité des êtres humains. Cela équivaut à imposer le neutre comme base universelle pour tous les humains, soit à imposer un nouvel universalisme. Cette vision supprime la différence sexuelle elle-même, non en tant qu’ordre binaire mais en tant qu’elle est l’antagonisme qui traverse l’humanité. Le choix d’une identité sexuelle peut-il être le résultat d’une décision libre et réfléchie ? Comment le wokisme d’une minorité parvient-il à instaurer un règne de la peur empêchant toute contestation ? Une réponse serait-elle à chercher du côté de la psychanalyse qui invoque la notion de Surmoi et son paradoxe, à savoir que plus on obéit à ses ordres, plus on se sent coupable ?
Psychanalyse, politique, se situer
Authors: Scott Diane
Published: October 2023

La psychanalyse est depuis les années 2000 peut-être l’objet, dans tous les cas le lieu d’une vive controverse. Ce texte tente d’en défaire l’apparente unité pour en montrer les différentes dimensions et s’interroger sur ses enjeux réels. Qu’y a-t-il de la psychanalyse dans ces discours sur la psychanalyse ? De quoi ce différend de la psychanalyse et de la politique est-il le nom ? Quelles crises recouvre-t-il ?
A History of Violence . Récit de mon entretien avec Léon
Authors: Morel Geneviève
Published: October 2023

Hospitalisé après une tentative de suicide qu’il dénie, Léon refuse de voir en face sa violence envers sa compagne, qui l’a quitté. Ces deux dénis vont avec un troisième, celui de la violence de son père, notamment envers son petit frère, qui a alors été placé. L’entretien met au jour son idéalisation du père, qui s’est suicidé lorsque Léon était enfant, et son deuil impossible suivi d’une identification surmoïque.
Penser les fragilités de l’université d’aujourd’hui avec Newman
Authors: Slaby Frédéric
Published: October 2023

Universitaire reconnu, Newman était une figure influente de l’université d’Oxford et de l’université catholique de Dublin. Ses trois ouvrages sur l’université ( L’Idée d’université, The Rise and Progress of Universities et My Campaign in Ireland ), tous écrits dans les années 1850, constituent le corpus de cet article. En tant que théoricien, mais aussi historien et homme d’action au sein de l’université faisant face aux mutations de l’institution universitaire, Newman tente de faire bifurquer l’université de son temps comme il peut encore le faire avec celle d’aujourd’hui en rappelant qu’elle est faite de personnes assemblées dans un même lieu à qui on accorde le temps de cultiver leur intelligence.
La fumière des nations : espace et relation à l’Université
Authors: Solignac Laure , Montoux Arnaud
Published: October 2023

Comment le rassemblement des étudiants et des maîtres à l’écart des logiques mondaines peut-il avoir un effet sur le monde ? De l’apparition conjointe du cimetière et de l’université dans les villes médiévales, on peut tirer une réponse : les sociétés ont besoin de ces champs ( campi ) incongrus en leur sein pour croître humainement et intellectuellement, et pour continuer à espérer. Ce qui se joue dans la relation entre enseignants-chercheurs et étudiants relève de la découverte progressive de ce travail obscur de la culture et du savoir qui leur échappe en grande part, mais dont ils apprennent à connaître les conditions et la fécondité. Nous rêvons d’une université propre, sûre et efficace, mais derrière le campus idéal se cache une réalité organique : la fermentation des esprits et des cœurs, qui n’obéit qu’à ses propres lois, celles de la mort et de la vie, au profit de tout le corps social.
Construire une université pour le bien commun
Authors: Ingold Timothy
Published: October 2023

Comment retrouver l’université et ses missions réelles dans un contexte néolibéral où l’enseignement supérieur et la recherche sont devenus « un secteur du marché » parmi d’autres ? La communauté universitaire d’Aberdeen a relevé ce défi en renouant avec son histoire et sa charte originelle, mentionnant que l’université est ouverte à tous et au service de tous dans sa recherche de la vérité. Ont ainsi été mis au jour quatre piliers fondateurs : la liberté, non comme propriété mais comme exigence ; la confiance, non comme confort mais comme responsabilité mutuelle ; l’éducation, non comme résultats chiffrés à obtenir, mais comme processus ouvert de croissance et de découverte ; et enfin la communauté, non comme groupe homogène et fermé mais comme rassemblement dans la différence et comme concentré de la vie sociale elle-même.
L’idée d’université et la place des humanités et sciences humaines : état des lieux
Authors: Pouradier Maud
Published: October 2023

Une université n’est pas seulement une école de formation supérieure : son idée implique une recherche de la connaissance pour elle-même, et la préservation de la culture. L’état des humanités et sciences humaines au sein de l’institution universitaire permet de voir si l’idée d’université y est encore vivace. Or ces disciplines sont concurrencées par des domaines d’études nouveaux, comme les sciences de l’éducation ou les études de genre, qui menacent directement le maintien des formations classiques. Les ingénieurs pédagogiques, nouveaux venus dans le paysage universitaire depuis le COVID, mènent une guerre contre le cours magistral, lequel est la forme normale d’enseignement dans les humanités et sciences humaines. Heureusement, l’idée d’université reste dans le cœur de maints universitaires, parfois contre l’institution elle-même.
Le pouvoir indirect de l’Église chez Jacques Maritain
Authors: Resch Félix
Published: October 2023

Parmi les nombreux outils conceptuels dont se sert la philosophie politique de Jacques Maritain, figure étonnamment le «  pouvoir indirect » de l’Église, une notion récurrente tant dans Primauté du spirituel (1927) que dans le premier volume de la correspondance entre Maritain et Charles Journet. Or, cette doctrine, qui remonte à Robert Bellarmin, prétend résoudre le problème théologico-politique en faveur du pouvoir spirituel, voire du pouvoir pontifical. Notre article étudiera tant les raisons pour lesquelles Maritain recourt à cette doctrine que celles pour lesquelles il la passera sous silence à partir de 1930. Une attention spéciale sera accordée au contexte de la condamnation de l’Action française en 1926 ainsi qu’à un débat avec Ernst Karl Winter, un juriste autrichien proche de Hans Kelsen.
Expérience esthétique et communication dans la « Critique de la faculté de juger esthétique » de Kant
Authors: Ehrsam Raphaël
Published: October 2023

Dans cet article, nous soutenons que l’un des traits remarquables et pourtant peu relevés de l’analytique kantienne du beau (par contraste avec les approches rationalistes et empiristes antécédentes) réside dans le rôle heuristique qu’elle confère à l’expression linguistique commune de l’expérience esthétique. En nous attachant aux engagements implicites des pratiques conversationnelles au sujet du beau étudiées par Kant, nous proposons de comprendre la définition du « sens commun » au § 40 de la Critique de la faculté de juger comme l’occasion pour Kant de formuler ce qu’on pourrait nommer des « normes transcendantales de la communication ».
On Hilfer cotangent fractional derivative and a particular class of fractional problems
Authors: Sadek Lakhlifa , Lazǎr Tania A
Published: October 2023

In this work, a novel Hilfer cotangent fractional derivative is presented. This derivative combines the characteristics of the Riemann-Liouville cotangent fractional derivative and the Caputo cotangent fractional derivative. The essential properties of the newly introduced derivative are discussed. By utilizing this derivative, a nonlinear fractional differential problem with a nonlocal initial condition is investigated, and its equivalence to a cotangent Volterra integral equation is demonstrated. The uniqueness and existence of solutions are established by employing fixed-point theorems. Additionally, two illustrative examples are provided to illustrate the obtained results.
Correlates of sedentary behaviors in Austrian children and adolescents
Authors: Greier Klaus , Drenowatz Clemens , Greier Carla , Haas Elisabeth , Posch Markus , Ruedl Gerhard , Riechelmann Herbert
Published: October 2023

A large proportion of children and adolescents spend their leisure time with predominantly sedentary pursuits and do not reach the WHO physical activity recommendations. As there remains limited research on specific sedentary behaviors in Austrian children and adolescents, we investigated time spent sitting and the utilization of various media during school days and the weekend in 6- to 15-year-old schoolchildren. Data for this cross-sectional study were collected in Spring 2022 with a standardized questionnaire that was based on the “Heidelberger Questionnaire for the Assessment of Sitting Behavior in Children and Adolescents”. Questions examined the frequency and duration of different sedentary behaviors separately for weekdays and weekends. A total of 2061 students were included in the analyses. Various factors, including school grade, sex, or recreational behavior, were implemented in a multifactorial ANOVA accounting for 1st order interactions. The mean sitting time of children and adolescents of all eight school grades was 10.4 ± 1.7 hours, with 56.7% associated with school. A significant increase in sitting time was observed from 1st grade (10.0 ± 1.3 h) to 8th grade (12.3 ± 1.2 h; p < 0.01), while sleep duration decreased with increasing age (p < 0.01). Media use was 1.2 ± 0.7 h in 1st grade and increased to 3.2 ± 1.2 h by 8th grade (p < 0.01). Physical activity decreased from 4.5 ± 1.4 h to 3.6 ± 1.0 h during the same period. While the increase in sitting time on weekdays was at the expense of sleep duration, the increase in sitting time on weekend days was at the expense of time spent in physical activity. In summary, there was a substantial increase in sedentary time from 1st to 8th grade, with school-related sedentary time accounting for the largest proportion, followed by a large increase in time spent with electronic media with increasing age. In addition, high sedentary time may come at the expense of sufficient sleep time, which further emphasizes the need to address sedentary behavior and sleep as important health correlates.
Application of Machine Learning for Image Processing in the Healthcare Sector
Authors: Priya Namita , Satpathy Ipseeta , Patnaik B. Chandra Mohan
Published: October 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a science by which we can simulate intelligent machines like computers and other digital assistants to mimic human intelligence. AI has many subsets, like deep learning, NLP, ML, robotics, and more. ML uses statistical methods to identify past human behaviour patterns to make a decision that was not fed into the system. Hence with the increase in the depth of the data, their prediction and decision-making improve. In the late 1970's a British company developed the CT scan device to obtain clear tomographic image; this diagnostic technique won a Nobel Prize. Since then, IP has found special applications in the medical field. This chapter attempts to give an overview of the most challenging and useful application of machine learning for image processing, which has led to the elimination of human errors and achieving perfect and precise decision-making. The compassion, caring, and human touch can never be replaced in patient care, but the intervention of machine learning in image processing gives superior insights for better decisions and improved health care.
Detection of Lung Cancers From CT Images Using a Deep CNN Architecture in Layers Through ML
Authors: Singh Khushwant , Singh Yudhvir , Barak Dheerdhwaj , Yadav Mohit
Published: October 2023

Lung inflammation is caused by the development of cancer cells. As the frequency of cancer rises, men and women are dying at a higher rate. With malignancy, cancerous cells multiply uncontrollably in the lobes. It is impossible to prevent lung cancer, but we can lower its associated risks. Early detection of lung cancer can considerably improve a patient's chances of survival. Patients with lung disease are more likely to be chain smokers. Several classification methods were applied to assess lung cancer prediction, such as the deep CNN algorithm and deep CNN, with the final layer as machine learning. The first deep CNN model defined this accuracy.
AI-Enabled Healthcare Service
Authors: Das Dipti Ranjan , Satpathy Ipseeta , Patnaik B. C. M.
Published: October 2023

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Healthcare services has emerged as a transformative paradigm, offering innovative solutions to challenges faced by the healthcare industry. With the world facing resource constraints and a burgeoning patient population, AI offers innovative solutions to address these challenges effectively. AI-powered medical imaging systems enable faster and more accurate diagnoses, and personalized patient care strategies. Despite challenges related to data privacy and regulatory frameworks, healthcare sector must embrace responsible AI implementation to leverage its full potential, ultimately leading to improved healthcare accessibility, and increased efficiency in medical services. The integration of AI in healthcare services has the potential to bridge the gaps in healthcare accessibility, and boost the overall efficiency of medical services. This book chapter provides insight into the use of AI in the healthcare sector across the globe, its current status in Healthcare sector, and how it can change the healthcare service.
Energy-Aware Protocols and Standards in IoT-Enabled Healthcare
Authors: Ramalakshmi K. , Krishna Kumari L. , Rajalakshmi R.
Published: October 2023

Internet of things (IoT) is essential for a variety of applications, including healthcare, industrial automation, agriculture, transportation, and disaster response. Due to the emergence of energy-limited wireless sensor nodes in medical applications, it is necessary to find an energy-sensitive protocol to provide accurate information for monitoring, prevent diseases and save people's lives. Internet led IoT uses unique technologies of smart sensors, sensor networks, data analysis, computing models, simple connections, and systems to provide essential services. However, they know that effort sensitive and specialized methods are needed to solve emerging problems. Therefore, this section presents the different types and models of information about energy aware protocols used in emerging fields. Among them, healthcare is one of the most promising areas of IoT. Healthcare needs to be improved with greater scalability and cheaper solutions. Focusing on disease prevention and early detection is the main goal of the IoT-enabled medical system.
Internet of Things (IoT) Sensors and Models of Communications in the Healthcare Ecosystem
Authors: Sharma Reena , Gour Sonam
Published: October 2023

The internet of things (IoT) has an interdisciplinary vision of benefit in multiple domains such as environment, industry, public and private healthcare, telemedicine, medical telemetry, and transportation. Different researchers describe the IoT differently in terms of specific interests and aspects. With the use of cutting-edge technology called the internet of items, which enables communication between items and devices over the Internet, people's lives are made simpler. It offers creative answers to issues faced by various corporations, governments, and public and private sectors around the world by utilizing intelligent gadgets and the internet. IoT hardware consists of a variety of hardware platforms, sensors, routers, and other devices. This device carries out crucial tasks and operations such target detection. Specific actions include system activation, security, action descriptions, communication, and support. Things serve as the hardware IoT's building blocks. Overall, IoT is an innovation it provides various frameworks, smart devices, and sensors.
Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Sensors Wireless Communication and Infrastructure for Precision Medicine Field
Authors: Singh Charanjeet , Thamizhamuthu R. , Manjula S. , Nidhya M. S.
Published: October 2023

Sensors attain physical parameters and convert it into a signal which is suitable for processing. Sensor transmits signals to base station or sink node. End users may obtain the information from base station. Sensors keep an eye on their surroundings and generate signals as outputs. High frequency and low frequency radio waves can be used by sensors. Apart from signals, satellite sensors will use electromagnetic spectrum to capture a picture. Depending on the application of sensor, signals will vary. In this chapter, the authors analyze components, sensor characteristics, properties, power supply, and classification of sensors applied in IoT.
RGS1 Modulates Autophagic and Metabolic Programs and Is a Critical Mediator of Human Regulatory T Cell Function
Authors: Flynn Alyssa L , Gans Joseph , Escobedo Javier , Zhu Cheng , Florescu Ana-Maria , Shankara Srinivas , Madden Stephen L , Kim Peter S , Pao Lily I
Published: October 2023

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical mediators of immune tolerance and play a diametric role in cancer and autoimmunity. Tumor-infiltrating Tregs are often associated with poor prognosis in solid tumors because their enrichment in the tumor microenvironment contributes to immunosuppression. Conversely, dysregulation in the Treg compartment can disrupt self-tolerance, leading to autoimmunity. In the present study, we describe what is, to our knowledge, a novel regulator of Tregs, the GTPase activator regulator of G protein 1 (RGS1), demonstrating that RGS1-deficient human Tregs show downregulation of Treg-associated genes and are less immunosuppressive. These RGS1-deficient Tregs exhibit perturbations to the FOXP3–c-MYC transcriptional axis and downstream metabolic and autophagy programs by shifting their energy demands toward glycolysis and rendering them less autophagic. Taken together, RGS1 may serve as an apical node of Treg function by regulating the FOXP3–c-MYC transcriptional axis, thereby providing a therapeutic rationale for targeting RGS1 for treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases.
The Regulation of Nucleic Acid Vaccine Responses by the Microbiome
Authors: Johnson Andrew M F , Hager Kevin , Alameh Mohamad-Gabriel , Van Phuong , Potchen Nicole , Mayer-Blackwell Koshlan , Fiore-Gartland Andrew , Minot Samuel , Lin Paulo J C , Tam Ying K , Weissman Drew , Kublin James G
Published: October 2023

Nucleic acid vaccines, including both RNA and DNA platforms, are key technologies that have considerable promise in combating both infectious disease and cancer. However, little is known about the extrinsic factors that regulate nucleic acid vaccine responses and which may determine their effectiveness. The microbiome is recognized as a significant regulator of immune development and response, whose role in regulating some traditional vaccine platforms has recently been discovered. Using germ-free and specific pathogen-free mouse models in combination with different protein, DNA, and mRNA vaccine regimens, we demonstrate that the microbiome is a significant regulator of nucleic acid vaccine immunogenicity. Although the presence of the microbiome enhances CD8+ T cell responses to mRNA lipid nanoparticle immunization, the microbiome suppresses Ig and CD4+ T cell responses to DNA-prime, DNA-protein-boost immunization, indicating contrasting roles for the microbiome in the regulation of these different nucleic acid vaccine platforms. In the case of mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccination, germ-free mice display reduced dendritic cell/macrophage activation that may underlie the deficient vaccine response. Our study identifies the microbiome as a relevant determinant of nucleic acid vaccine response with implications for continued therapeutic development and deployment of these vaccines.
Reducing High Temperature System Development Cycle Time and Cost with Additively Manufactured Connectors
Authors: Bakowski Matthew , Niblock Walter , Kupernik, Jacob , Francis A. Matt
Published: October 2023

Connectors are a fundamental part of Ozark IC’s high temperature modules from characterization and test packages to Ozark IC’s XNode® data acquisition and single-board computing modules. Development of rugged high temperature electronic systems requires the co-development of similarly rugged high temperature connectors. The design and development of connector solutions enable test and evaluation of high temperature systems which would otherwise require fulfillment of a commercial connector order. There is a nascent supply chain of rugged, high temperature-rated connector designs but manufacturer lead times for such commercial products can exceed an entire design, prototype, and test cycle. Such delays are incompatible with rapid design iterations and fail-fast strategies employed in the development of extreme environment electronics – especially when the design and test cycles can change the requirements or specifications of the connectors.

Polymer and ceramic additive manufacturing techniques enable in-house connector fabrication and support a connector co-development cycle that complements the pace and interdependent requirements of high temperature system development. These solutions are simple and reliable under laboratory conditions, operating for thousands of hours at 200 °C [1] and hundreds of hours at 800 °C [2]. The use of proprietary connectors manufactured with additive techniques and digital tooling lends an extra degree of freedom to system design and enables the trade-off of connector with system design specifications that greatly accelerates system ruggedization.

Electrical connectors represent the final interface between an electronics module and the outside world. A failure of a connector is a failure of packaging that makes the module opaque to the tester and renders the power and robustness of any electronic system moot.
Investigation and Evaluation of High-Temperature Encapsulation Materials for Power Module Applications
Authors: Lyon Benjamin , DiMarino Christina
Published: October 2023

With the advent of ultra-wide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductor materials, such as Gallium Oxide (Ga2O3) and Aluminum Nitride (AlN), higher temperature and higher voltage operation of power devices is becoming realizable. However, conventional polymeric and organic encapsulant materials are typically limited to operating temperatures of 200 °C and below. In this work, six materials were identified and evaluated as candidates for use as encapsulants for operation and high-voltage insulation at and above 250 °C. High-temperature silicone gel was used as a reference material and was compared to five novel encapsulants including an epoxy resin, a hydro-set cement, two low melting point glass compounds, and a ceramic potting compound. Gas pycnometry was utilized to evaluate the voiding concentration to avoid partial discharge. Each material was then processed onto a direct-bonded-aluminum (DBA) substrate test coupon to evaluate compatibility with a commonly used metal-ceramic substrate and processability for use in a power module. The insulation capability of each material was evaluated by testing the partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) across a 1mm gap etched in the substrate. The dielectric stability was then tested by soaking the materials in air at 250 °C for various intervals and observing the degradation of their PDIVs and appearances. The results of each test were compared, and conclusions were drawn about each material’s feasibility for use as a dielectric encapsulation material for a power module operating at temperatures exceeding 200 °C.
Recent Progress in Extreme Environment Durable SiC JFET-R Integrated Circuit Technology
Authors: Neudeck Philip G. , Spry David J. , Krasowski Michael J. , Chang Carl W. , Gonzalez José M. , Rajgopal Srihari , Prokop Norman F. , Greer Lawrence C. , Lukco Dorothy , Maldonado-Rivera Shamir , Adams Christina M.
Published: October 2023

This work updates recent progress made by NASA Glenn Research Center on further advancement of its uniquely durable silicon carbide junction field effect transistor and resistor (SiC JFET-R) integrated circuit (IC) technology since HiTEC 2021. Key fabrication process improvements compared to earlier NASA Glenn IC prototype runs have been ascertained via extensive “back end of line” (BEOL) processing experiments

conducted on practice wafers over the past two years. The resulting changes to the BEOL process flow employed in the fabrication of “Generation 12” SiC JFET-R wafers are described. The NASA Glenn SiC JFET-R IC prototype “Generation 12” chipset design realizes significantly higher complexity digital and analog integrated ICs aimed at flexibly implementing a broad variety of mission-enabling extremeenvironment

electronics demonstrations. SPICE simulations have verified circuit designs ranging from

simple amplification of analog sensor signals up through long-duration Venus lander operations and microprocessor-based of electric motor drive.
Content Analysis of YouTube Videos on the Effect of Vitamin C on Common Cold
Authors: Park Donghwi , Kwak Sang Gyu , Kim Saeyoon , Chang Min Cheol
Published: October 2023

Background: With the growth of the Internet, social media platforms have emerged as major sources of medical information. We assessed the reliability, quality, and accuracy of the most-viewed YouTube videos containing information on the effect of vitamin C on the common cold.Methods: The YouTube videos were searched on August 1, 2022, using the keywords: (“ascorbic acid” OR “vitamin C” OR “Sodium Ascorbate” OR “L-ascorbic”) AND “common cold”. The 30 most-viewed videos were included in our study. The reliability and quality of the videos were analyzed using modified DISCERN and Global Quality Scales, respectively. When the videos included at least one correct or inaccurate scientific statement about the effect of vitamin C on the common cold, they were classified as accurate or misleading videos, respectively; those without any pertinent information were considered neither accurate nor misleading. If a video contained both accurate and inaccurate statements, it was classified as misleading.Results: Of the 30 most-viewed videos, 73% were unreliable, and 67% contained misleading information and were of a poor quality. Of these 30 videos, 14 videos were produced and posted by customers who were not specialized in medicine or nutrition. Moreover, these videos were of significantly lower reliability, quality, and accuracy than those produced by nutrition or fitness channels or by medical or nutrition professionals.Conclusion: The reliability, quality, and accuracy of videos uploaded by non-professionals were low. Therefore, video creators should upload reliable, high-quality videos to ensure the dissemination of accurate medical information.
C11orf95-RELA, YAP1-MAMLD1, and YAP1-FAM118B Fusion Negative Anaplastic Ependymoma with Lipogenic Differentiation
Authors: Jha Shilpy , Mulgulwar Prit Benny , Sharma Mehar Chand , Purkait Suvendu , Pattnaik Ashis , Sable Mukund Namdev
Published: October 2023

Lipogenic differentiation in ependymoma is an infrequent occurrence with very few reported cases. The grading was done solely based on the histomorphology and molecular subtyping was not described in such ependymomas. New molecular classification divided ependymomas in nine different subgroups, of which supratentorial location tumor usually exhibits C11orf95-RELA, YAP1-MAMLD1, and YAP1-FAM118B fusion proteins. A 46-year-old female presented with headache and right-sided parapresis. Radilogy revealed a large intraxial left parietooccipital mass lesion, which histologically and immuohistochemically confirmed as anaplastic ependymoma with extensive lipogenic changes. The ependymal origin of the tumor was corroborated by the immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural studies. Molecular studies for C11orf95-RELA, YAP1-MAMLD1, and YAP1-FAM118B fusion proteins were negative. This is the first documentation of fusion negative supratentorial anaplastic ependymoma with lipogenic differentiation. This novel finding needs further reinforcement by similar studies to identify its impact on the disease outcome.
Topical Vancomycin for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection in Cranial Surgeries
Authors: Deora Harsh , Nagesh Madhusudhan , Garg Kanwaljeet , Singh Manmohan , Chandra Sarat P , Kale Shashank S
Published: October 2023

Background:

Surgical site infection (SSI) rates (1–9%) remain high despite the widespread adoption of infection control bundles. Topical vancomycin has emerged as an effective strategy to reduce the rate of SSI in patients undergoing spinal surgery including instrumentation. However, its use and efficiency in cranial neurosurgery is not well established. The aim of this study is to study the efficacy of topical vancomycin in cranial neurosurgery.

Methods:

A systematic search was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data regarding type of surgery, use of implants, the dose of vancomycin, technique of administration in each study, outcomes, rate of SSI, and the interval between surgery and SSI; possible complications related to antibiotic use were collected.

Results:

A total of 12 studies were included in the qualitative analysis with 3,446 patients. SSI developed in 1.6% of the patients in the vancomycin group as compared to 5.28% in the control group. The pooled risk ratio was 0.24 with 95% CI: 0.12–0.51 (P-value: <0.00001). The difference between the subgroups was significant (P-value: < 0.00001). The number needed to treat (NNT) was 27.2. The studies showed low heterogeneity with an I
2 of 24%. Meta-regression analysis showed that the number of patients in a study, duration of follow-up, and year of publication did not contribute significantly to effect size.

Conclusion:

The limited systemic absorption of vancomycin and broad-spectrum led to its widespread applicability in the prevention of SSI in all types of cranial neurosurgery. Cases with implantable pulse generators, cranioplasty, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion procedures have all demonstrated their unequivocal effectiveness.
Hereditary Antithrombin Deficiency Presenting with Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in Three Members of a Family
Authors: Ashraf V V , Salam K Abdul , Kizhedath Rajesh , Puthussery Krishnan
Published: October 2023

Hereditary antithrombin (AT) deficiency is a rare thrombophilia associated with cerebral vein thrombosis (CVT). We report a case study of hereditary AT deficiency causing CVT in three members of a family. A 29-year-old female presented with features of CVT. Her mother and a sister had CVT in the past and investigation for hereditary thrombophilia revealed low blood AT activity in all of them. The index patient (proband) was positive for the SERPINC1 gene mutation confirming the diagnosis of hereditary AT deficiency. She recovered well with anticoagulation and was advised to continue it lifelong. Diagnosing hereditary thrombophilia like AT deficiency is important in planning anticoagulation and proper counseling of asymptomatic family members regarding prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in high-risk situations.
Measuring the Delay in the Referral of Unstable Vertebral Metastasis to the Spine Surgeon
Authors: Landriel Federico , Lichtenberger Fernando Padilla , Ulloque-Caamaño Liezel , Mosquera Candelaria , Aineseder Martina , Perotti Jimena Maur , Hem Santiago
Published: October 2023

Background:

The delay in the referral of patients with potential surgical vertebral metastasis (VM) to the spine surgeon is strongly associated with a worse outcome. The spinal instability neoplastic score (SINS) allows for determining the risk of instability of a spine segment with VM; however, it is almost exclusively used by specialists or residents in neurosurgery or orthopedics. The objective of this work is to report the delay in surgical consultation of patients with potentially unstable and unstable VM (SINS >6) at our center.

Material:

We performed a 5-year single-center retrospective analysis of patients with spine metastasis on computed tomography (CT). Patients were divided into Group 1 (G1), potentially unstable VM (SINS 7-12), and Group 2 (G2), unstable VM (SINS 13-18). Time to surgical referral was calculated as the number of days between the report of the VM in the CT and the first clinical assessment of a spinal surgeon on the medical records.

Results:

We analyzed 220 CT scans, and 98 met the selection criteria. Group 1 had 85 patients (86.7%) and Group 2 had 13 (13.3%). We observed a mean time to referral of 83.5 days in the entire cohort (std = 127.6); 87.6 days (std = 135.1) for G1, and 57.2 days (std = 53.8) for G2. The delay in referral showed no significant correlation with the SINS score.

Conclusion:

We report a mean delay of 83.5 days in the surgical referral of VM (SINS >6, n = 98). Both groups showed cases of serious referral delay, with 25% of patients having the first surgical consultation more than three months after the CT study.
Flexural strength of polymethyl methacrylate reinforced with high-performance polymer and metal mesh
Authors: Ardakani Zahra Hashemi , Giti Rashin , Dabiri Shima , Hosseini Amir Hashemi , Moayedi Marzieh
Published: October 2023

Background:

The flexural strength (FS) of a denture base material is of great concern, and many approaches have been used to strengthen the denture acrylic resins. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of high-performance polymer (BioHPP) and metal mesh reinforcement on the FS of a heat-cured poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic resin.

Materials and Methods:

This experimental study was done on 30 rectangular specimens (64 mm × 13 mm × 3 mm) of a heat-cured PMMA resin. The specimens were divided into three groups (n = 10) to be reinforced with either metal mesh or BioHPP mesh; one group was left nonreinforced, serving as the control group. The FS of specimens was assessed through a 3-point bending test by using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min. Kruskal–Wallis H and Dunn's post hoc tests were used to compare the FS among the groups (alpha = 0.05).

Results:

The FS in the metal-reinforced group was statistically significantly higher than the two other groups (P < 0.001). However, the FS of the BioHPP-reinforced samples was not statistically significantly higher than the nonreinforced ones (P = 0.614).

Conclusion:

Reinforcing the PMMA with metal mesh significantly enhances its FS while BioHPP has no significant effect on the PMMA FS.
Effect of citric acid on force decay of orthodontic elastomeric chains
Authors: Khaleghi Amin , Ahmadvand Atefe , Sadeghian Saeid
Published: October 2023

Background:

This study aimed to assess the effect of citric acid, as a weak acid commonly used in food industry, on elastomeric chain force decay.

Materials and Methods:

In this in vitro, experimental study, sixty elastomeric chains from two commercial brands of American Orthodontics and Ortho Technology (n = 30) were cut into five-piece segments. Elastomeric chains of each brand were randomly divided into two groups of control (artificial saliva) and citric acid. All elastomeric chains were incubated in artificial saliva at 37°C. Experimental samples were immersed in 10 mL of citric acid for 90 s daily and were then transferred back to the artificial saliva. The elastomeric chain force was measured at baseline (before the experiment), 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks using an electromechanical universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using t-test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Mann–Whitney U-test at 0.05 level of significance.

Results:

The elastomeric chain force gradually degraded over time. The difference in this respect was not significant at 2 and 3 weeks in any group (P > 0.05). On initiation of the experiment, the force in the citric acid group experienced a greater decay than that in the control group; the difference between the citric acid and control groups in both the brands was significant at all time points until the end of the 3rd week (P < 0.05). The difference between the American Orthodontics and Ortho Technology brands in the control and citric acid groups was significant at all time points (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Elastomeric chains in both the citric acid and artificial saliva groups experienced force decay over time. Force decay was greater in the citric acid group. Thus, citric acid can effectively decrease the elastomeric chain force. The Ortho Technology chain force was higher than that of American Orthodontics in both the groups at all time points.