bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Setting Tap Transformator Terhadap Profil Tegangan Pada Jaringan IEEE 14 Bus
Authors: Sumarno Radiktyo Nindyo , Muntasiroh Laily , Mariani Dina
Published: August 2022

Adanya jarak yang jauh dari pusat pembangkit ke beban pada sistem penyaluran tenaga listrik menyebabkan profil tegangan pada sisi terima atau sisi konsumen kadang turun kualitas tegangannya. Salah satu dari penurunan kualitas tegangan adalah penurunan level tegangan. Standar penurunan level tegangan pada setiap negara berbeda-beda tetapi secara umum penurunan level tegangan yang diijinkan kurang lebih tidak boleh lebih dari 10%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh setting tap pada transformator untuk mengoptimalkan penurunan level tegangan pada sisi terima atau pada sisi konsumen. Dengan setting tap transformator diharapkan memperbaiki aliran daya dan profil tegangan pada masing-masing bus. Profil tegangan tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh nilai setting tap transformator saja, tetapi bentuk dari jaringan juga berpengaruh. Hasil penelitian ini adalah dengan mengubah setting tap transformator dapat menghasilkan perubahan aliran daya dan profil tegangan. Setting tap yang paling optimal didapatkan pada nilai yang optimal, bukan nilai tap transformator yang semakin kecil atau semakin besar nilainya. Rata-rata penurunan level tegangan paling kecil diantara 3 skenario yang diterapkan didapatkan hasil yaitu rata-rata penurunan sebesar 5,137 % pada skenario dengan tap setting 0,95.  The long distance from the power plant to the load on the electric power distribution system causes the voltage profile on the receiving side or the consumer side to sometimes decrease the quality of the voltage. One of the decrease in the quality of the voltage is a drop voltage. The standard drop in voltage level varies from country to country but in general the allowable drop in voltage level should not be more than 10%. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of setting tap on the transformer to optimize the voltage level drop on the receiving side or on the consumer side. By setting the tap transformer, it is expected to improve the power flow and voltage profile on each bus. The voltage profile is not only affected by the transformer tap setting value, but the shape of the network also has an effect. The result of this research is that changing the transformer tap settings can result in changes in the power flow and voltage profile. The most optimal tap setting is obtained at the optimal value, not the smaller the transformer tap value or the larger the value. The smallest average drop voltage level among the 3 scenarios applied, the results obtained are an average decrease of 5.137% in the scenario with a tap setting of 0.95.
Model Sistem Buka/Tutup Pelindung Tanaman Hidroponik Otomatis Menggunakan Raspberry Pi Pico
Authors: Untoro F.X. Wisnu Yudo , Kusumawati Ike Retna
Published: August 2022

Pekarangan atau lahan terbatas mengandung potensi yang tersembunyi. Salah satu potensinya adalah untuk peningkatan sumber pendapatan tambahan dengan cara mengubah sebagai lahan bercocok tanam menggunakan teknologi hidroponik. Penerapan teknologi hidroponik pada pekarangan terbuka punya resiko. Resikonya  adalah tanaman hodroponik mudah terkena air hujan pada saat hujan. Usulan yang ditawarkan pada makalah ini untuk menyelesaikan masalah resiko air hujan yang dihadapi tanaman hidroponik adalah membuat sistem buka/tutup pelindung tanaman hidroponik otomatis. Untuk pemrosesan/pengontrol informasi masukan yang berasal dari komponen rain module sensor, LDR sensor, dan RTC dan luaran, serperti komponen  motor servo adalah Raspberry Pi Pico mikrokontroler RP2040. Eksperimen yang dilakukan menunjukkan hasil sebagai berikut: (1) banyak tetes air yang membasahi papan sensor air hujan lebih kecil dari 4 (empat), prototipe pelindung tanaman hidroponik dalam kondisi buka. (2) banyak tetes air yang membasahi papan sensor air hujan lebih besar dari 4 (empat), prototipe pelindung tanaman hidroponik dalam kondisi tutup. (3) Perubahan papan sensor air hujan dari keadaan basah ke kering, motor servo memberi respon gerak pada prototipe pelindung tanaman hidroponik menutup dan berlaku sebaliknya. Informasi ini menunjukkan bahwa prototipe sistem buka/tutup pelindung tanaman hidroponik otomatis menggunakan Raspberry Pi Pico dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif penyelesaian resiko air hujan pada tanaman hidroponik.ollerAbstract— The yard or limited land contains hidden potential. One of the potentials is to increase additional sources of income by converting it to farming land using hydroponic technology. The application of hydroponic technology in open yards has risks. The risk is that hydroponic plants are easily exposed to rain when it rains. The proposal offered in this paper to solve the problem of rainwater risk faced by hydroponic plants is to create an automatic hydroponic plant protection open/close system. For processing/controlling input information from the rain module sensor, LDR sensor, and RTC and output components, such as the servo motor component, the Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller RP2040. The experiments carried out showed the following results: (1) the number of drops of water that wet the rainwater sensor board was less than 4 (four), and the prototype of the hydroponic plant protector was in an open condition. (2) the number of drops of water that wet the rainwater sensor board is greater than 4 (four), and the hydroponic plant protector prototype is in a closed condition. (3) Changes in the rainwater sensor board from wet to dry, the servo motor responds to the motion of the hydroponic plant protection prototype closing and vice versa. This information shows that the prototype of an automatic hydroponic plant protection open/close system using Raspberry Pi Pico can be used as an alternative to solve the risk of rainwater on hydroponic plants.
Optimisasi Koloni Semut dan Sistem Fuzzy untuk Kendali Lampu Lalu Lintas Pintar
Authors: Ridwan Wrastawa , Kadir Yuliyanti , Wiranto Ifan
Published: August 2022

Pola pengaturan lampu lalu lintas waktu tetap yang tidak mempertimbangkan kondisi aktual persimpangan bisa menimbulkan kemacetan. Kemacetan dapat menyebabkan banyak kerugian, diantaranya yaitu banyaknya waktu terbuang dan bahan bakar yang habis dengan sia- sia.  Masalah ini dapat diatasi dengan  pengatur lampu lalu lintas pintar yaitu sebuah sistem pengatur lampu lalu lintas yang mampu beradaptasi dengan kondisi setiap ruas jalan pada persimpangan. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan pengembangan sistem pengatur lampu lalu lintas pintar berbasis pada logika fuzzy bertingkat dan algoritma optimisasi koloni semut (Ant Colony Optimization). Pada Logika Fuzzy Bertingkat, keluaran dari sistem logika fuzzy tahap pertama menjadi masukan ke sistem logika fuzzy tahap berikutnya. Keluaran dari Sistem Fuzzy adalah menentukan skala prioritas untuk fase hijau berikutnya. Selanjutnya algoritma optimisasi koloni semut melakukan perhitungan waktu hijau yang optimal pada fase tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi yang dilakukan diperoleh bahwa dengan menggunakan sistem pengatur lampu lalu lintas pintar dibanding dengan sistem pengatur lampu lalu lintas waktu tetap terjadi pengurangan panjang antrian kendaraan dan waktu tunggu kendaraan.Fixed time traffic light control is a traffic light control system that does not take into account the actual conditions of the intersection, which can cause congestion. Congestion can cause a lot of losses, including a lot of wasted time and wasted fuel. This problem can be solved with a smart traffic light controller, which is a traffic light control system that is able to adapt to the conditions of each road section at the intersection. In this research, the development of smart traffic light control based on multi stage fuzzy logic and ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm has been carried out. In multi stage fuzzy logic, the output of the first stage of the fuzzy logic becomes the input to the next stage of the fuzzy logic. The output of the fuzzy system is to determine the priority scale for the next green phase. Furthermore, Ant Colony Optimization calculates the optimal green time in that phase. Based on the simulation result, it is found that by using  smart traffic light control system compared to a fixed time traffic light control system, there  is a reduction in queue length and waiting time.
Desain dan Implementasi Sistem Monitoring Panel Surya 1200 Wp Berbasis Data Logger
Authors: Said Muhammad , Fuady Samratul , Saputra Oki
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendesain dan mengimplementasikan alat monitoring panel surya 1200 Wp berbasis data logger yang datanya digunakan sebagai penentu tingkat kelayakan dari komponen yang digunakan pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) seperti solar charge controller. Alat monitorinng dibuat menggunakan beberapa sensor seperti sensor arus  AC712, sensor tegangan, dan sensor suhu DS18B20.  Monitoring panel surya dilakukan menggunakan data logger dimana data hasil monitoring dari panel surya disimpan ke dalam SD card dalam bentuk file dengan format .txt. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah nilai pembacaan sensor ACS712 mampu mengukur arus dengan nilai error sebesar 0.44%, sensor tegangan mampu mengukur tegangan dengan nilai error sebesar 0.40%, dan sensor suhu DS18B20 mampu mengukur suhu dengan nilai error sebesar 0.19%. Nilai keluaran dari panel surya 1200 Wp memiliki keluaran dengan tegangan maksimal sebesar 39.31 Volt pada suhu 41.51 °C dan keluaran arus maksimal sebesar 22.15 Ampere pada suhu 39.31 °C yang menandakan bahwa nilai keluaran panel surya masih dalam kapasitas dari spesifikasi solar charge controller 60A yang digunakan pada panel surya 1200 Wp.This study aims to design and implement a 1200 Wp solar panel monitoring tool based on a data logger whose data is used as a determinant of the feasibility level of the components used in Solar Power Plants (PLTS) such as solar charge controllers. The monitoring tool is made using several sensors such as the AC712 current sensor, the voltage sensor, and the DS18B20 temperature sensor. Monitoring of solar panels is carried out using a data logger where the monitoring data from the solar panels are stored in the SD card in the form of a file with .txt format. The results of this study are the ACS712 sensor reading value is able to measure current with an error value of 0.44%, the voltage sensor is able to measure voltage with an error value of 0.40%, and the DS18B20 temperature sensor is able to measure temperature with an error value of 0.19%. The output value of the 1200 Wp solar panel has an output with a maximum voltage of 39.31 Volts at a temperature of 41.51 °C and a maximum current output of 22.15 Ampere at a temperature of 39.31 °C which indicates that the output value of the solar panel is still within the capacity of the 60A solar charge controller specifications used. on a 1200 Wp solar panel.
Analisa Pembebanan Transformator Distribusi 20 kV Pada Penyulang LS5 Gardu LSA 249
Authors: Syukri Syukri , Asyadi Teuku Murisal , Muliadi Muliadi , Moesnadi Firwan
Published: August 2022

Jaringan sistem distribusi tenaga listrik merupakan media untuk mendistribusikan energi listrik baik kepada industri, maupun pelanggan rumah tangga. Bertambahnya pertumbuhan penduduk maka pengguna atau pelanggan energi listrik juga bertambah sehingga dapat berdampak terhadap pembebanan pada setiap transformator distribusi. Apabila pembebanan pada setiap transformator meningkat maka dapat menyebabkan kelebihan beban (overload), ketidakseimbangan beban dan rugi-rugi daya (losses) serta kerusakan terhadap transformator. Oleh sebab itu, untuk menjaga agar transformator distribusi dapat beroperasi dengan baik maka PLN telah menetapkan standar pembebanan pada transformator distribusi yaitu tidak boleh melebihi 80%. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk melakukan pengukuran pembebanan pada transformator distribusi Gardu LSA 249 dan menganalisis terjadinya rugi-rugi daya yang diakibatkan oleh ketidakseimbangan beban. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan menggunakan clamp meter dan eart tester untuk mendapatkan nilai arus dan tegangan serta nilai tahanan dari grounding. Selanjutnya, dilakukan perhitungan pembebanan transformator, ketidakseimbangan beban, serta rugi-rugi daya pada Penyulang LS5 Gardu LSA 249. Hasilnya, pengukuran dari ketidakseimbangan beban yang terjadi ketika pagi hari sebesar 15 %, siang hari sebesar 26 %, dan malam hari sebesar 22%. Rugi-rugi daya yang diakibatkan oleh adanya arus yang mengalir melalui netral transformator ketika pagi hari 0,0088 kW dengan 0,02 %,  siang hari sebesar 0,06291 kW dengan 0,15 %, dan malam hari sebesar 0.02462 kW dengan 0,061%. The electric power distribution system network is a medium for distributing electrical energy to both industry and household customers. With increasing population growth, users or customers of electrical energy also increase so that it can have an impact on the load on each distribution transformer. If the load on each transformer increases, it can cause overload, load imbalance and power losses and damage to the transformer. Therefore, to ensure that the distribution transformer can operate properly, PLN has set a standard loading on the distribution transformer, which should not exceed 80%. The purpose of this study is to measure the load on the LSA 249 substation distribution transformer and analyze the occurrence of power losses caused by load imbalances. Measurements are made using a clamp meter and an earth tester to get the current and voltage values as well as the resistance value from grounding. Furthermore, the calculation of transformer loading, load imbalance, and power losses at the LS5 Substation LSA 249 feeder. As a result, the measurement of the load imbalance that occurs in the morning is 15%, during the day is 26%, and at night is 22%. Power losses caused by the current flowing through the transformer neutral in the morning were 0.0088 kW with 0.02%, during the day 0.06291 kW with 0.15%, and at night 0.02462 kW with 0.061%.
Analisis dan Desain Tingkat Pencahayaan Pada Ruang Perpustakaan Universitas Iskandar Muda
Authors: Pahlevi Muhammad Riza , Muliadi Muliadi
Published: August 2022

Pencahayaan yang baik serta memenuhi standar ialah suatu aspek yang sangat berguna dan bermanfaat untuk menambah kenyamanan serta keamanan terhadap pengelola ataupun pemustaka dalam melaksanakan aktivitasnya. Pencahayaan yang kurang baik bisa menyebabkan pengelola ataupun pemustaka menderita sakit kepala, keletihan mata, mata kering, mata perih, serta keluhan pada leher dan bahu dikala melaksanakan kegiatan semacam membaca, menulis, bekerja, serta mengoperasikan komputer dan lain sebagainya. Pada perpustakaan Universitas Iskandar Muda, saat ini pencahayaannya masih kurang baik dan belum sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) karena sebelumnya ruang perpustakaan UNIDA berfungsi sebagai ruang belajar namun selanjutnya dialih fungsikan menjadi perpustakaan tanpa mengubah sistem pencahayaannya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis dan mendesain tingkat pencahayaan pada perpustakaan UNIDA sesuai dengan standar SNI. Metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan menggunakan rumus sesuai SNI 03-6575-2001 dan mendesainnya dengan software DIALux Evo v.9.1. Hasilnya, didapatkan bahwa tingkat pencahayaan pada perpustakaan UNIDA sebelumnya sebesar 252 lux, setelah dihitung sesuai dengan SNI maka didapatkan tingkat pencahayaan pada perpustakaan UNIDA menjadi 592 lux. Hasil tersebut membuat sistem pencahayaan pada perpustakaan UNIDA menjadi lebih baik, aman, dan nyaman serta sesuai dengan standar SNI.Good lighting and meeting standards is an aspect that is beneficial to add comfort and security to managers or users in carrying out their activities. Poor lighting can cause managers or users to suffer from headaches, eye fatigue, dry eyes, sore eyes, and complaints in the neck and shoulders when carrying out activities such as reading, writing, working, operating computers, etc. At the Iskandar Muda University library, currently, the lighting is still not good and not by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) because previously the UNIDA library room functioned as a study room but was later converted into a library without changing the lighting system. This study aimed to analyse and design the lighting level in the UNIDA library by SNI standards. The method used is by using the formula according to SNI 03-6575-2001 and designing it with DIALux Evo v.9.1 software. The result, it was found that the lighting level in the previous UNIDA library was 252 lux, after being calculated according to SNI, the lighting level in the UNIDA library was 592 lux. These results make the lighting system in the UNIDA library better, safer, more comfortable and by SNI standards.
SORGO GRAIN IN THE DIETS OF PIGS REDUCES THEIR COST BY UP TO 40%
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Sorghum and Soybean Slavyanskoe Pole, BOLSHAKOV A.Z. , KOMLATSKY V.I. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University, TRETYAKOVA O.L. ,   Don State Agrarian University
Published: August 2022

The aim of the research was to study the possibility of replacing corn grain with sorghum grain in the diets of pigs. The following tasks were solved: to study the actual nutritional value of corn grain and sorghum grain; make recipes for compound feed with the inclusion of corn and sorghum grains; to determine the effect of compound feed from grain sorghum on suckling sows and offspring; to evaluate the effect of compound feed from grain sorghum on the growth and development of fattening young animals. Scientific and economic experiments were carried out on the basis of the KLH them. Frunze of the Belgorod region on groups of suckling sows and fattening young pigs. Grain sorghum variety Slavyanskoe Pole 210 bred by the All-Russian Research Institute of Sorghum and Soybean Slavyanskoe Pole was tested. Our scientific studies have shown that most of the biological characteristics of sorghum grain are neutral for pigs and do not have a significant negative impact on their digestion and viability. If we take into account that the diet with the inclusion of sorghum is cheaper than the corn-containing diet by 3 rubles per 1 kg, the high economic efficiency of the production of fodder based on sorghum grain in the amount of 5 rubles per 1 grown head is obvious.
PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME: SITUATION IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV” (FSC VIEV), YUZHAKOV A.G. , ZHUKOVA E.V. ,   Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV” (FSC VIEV), ALIPER T.I. ,   Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV” (FSC VIEV), GULYUKIN A.M. ,   Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV” (FSC VIEV)
Published: August 2022

This review presents data on the Porcine Reproductive Respiratory Syndrome. The genetic diversity of pathogens in the Russian Federation and their biological properties are considered. The current epizootological situation around the world and in Russia in particular.
GENETIC RESOURCES OF DOMESTIC PIG-BREEDING IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION AS OF JANUARY 1, 2022
Authors:   VNIIPlem, PAVLOVA S.V. , KOZLOVA N.A. ,   VNIIPlem, MYSHKINA M.S. ,   VNIIPlem, SCHAVLIKOVA T.N. ,   VNIIPlem
Published: August 2022

The state of breeding pig breeding of the Russian Federation at the beginning of 2021 was analyzed. Given the increase in the productive qualities of breeding pigs, it should be noted that the domestic breeding base is very weak. In this regard, special attention should be paid to the strategy for the development of GCS, which will become the basis for the implementation of hybridization programs and the organization of pig breeding on a qualitatively new genetic basis.
Numerical Study of H-Darrieus Turbine as a Rotor for Gravitational Vortex Turbine
Authors: Jorge Andrés Sierra Del Rio  , Alejandro Ruiz Sánchez  , Daniel Sanín Villa  , Edwin Correa Quintana
Published: August 2022

The main objetive of this study is to compare numerically the torque generated at 50, 75, 100, and 125 rpm by H-Darrieus turbine as a rotor for Gravitational Vortex Turbine. The rotational flow into the gravitational vortex turbine tank helped to decrease the negative torque in H-Darrieus rotor. The study was developed in ANSYS® CFX, where the model was configured at constant operating conditions. The highest torque was 0.117 Nm at 50 rpm, and the torque decreased with increasing rpm. The H-Darrieus works with increasing lift force, however, the rotor inside the Gravitational Vortex Turbine interacts with drag force.
Numerical Investigation of Variation Stroke Plane Effect on Aerodynamic Performance of a 2D Flapping Airfoil Naca 0012 in Hovering Flight
Authors: Mohamed el Amine Trifi  , redha rebhi  , Abdellah Elhadj  , Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a numerical study of the effects generated by the variation of translation plane inclination angle on the aerodynamic performance (aerodynamic forces, energy consumption, and wing flow structures). This inclination angle is called . In our work, a two-dimensional airfoil will be presented using commercial software based on the finite volumes method .The numerical simulations are carried out using the experimental results parameters. Symmetric wing flapping motions with different angles of the stroke plane inclination β in conjunction with other kinematic parameters such as oscillation amplitude and Reynolds number () are examined to investigate the influence of these parameters on the energy consumption of the profile. The governing parameters of the problem under study are: the chord of the profile , the initial angle of rotation , the oscillation amplitude ∆α, the reduced frequency, Reynolds number, flow velocity , turbulence intensity at the inlet is, translation amplitude and phase difference between the rotation and translation motion .The obtained numerical results were compared with the experimental data. Moreover, vorticity and pressure contours for different values of angle will be also presented.
Should machines be allowed to ‘read our minds’? Uses and regulation of biometric techniques that attempt to infer mental states
Authors: Vidal Bustamante Constanza M. , Alama-Maruta Karolina , Ng Carmen , Coppersmith Daniel D.L.
Published: August 2022

Biometric data, such as facial expressions, voice, and heart rate, are increasingly used to make inferences about individuals’ momentary emotional and cognitive states, like stress and fatigue, and for the categorization of more stable mental features, like intentions, preferences, and health status. This review provides an overview and discussion of common biometric techniques that attempt to infer such mental states, their technical and ethical challenges, and the current regulatory landscape. Drawing from use cases in personal fitness and wellness tracking, clinical research, and the monitoring of students and workers, we show that although these techniques promise greater objectivity, efficiency, and accuracy in the assessment of mental states and related decision-making, scientific evidence for these claims remains limited. The widespread use of these techniques, especially outside of regulated research settings, poses important technical and ethical challenges – from the exposure of highly sensitive biometric data to breaches and exploitation, to privacy violations and the use of faulty inferences to make consequential judgments about individuals’ qualities. We review the strengths and limitations of current legislation in Europe and the United States related to biometric techniques, and present general considerations for regulation moving forward. We conclude that accessing the benefits of biometric techniques (e.g., for consensual clinical monitoring and care) while guarding against their harms may require rigorous scientific research, more precise and proactive legal protections, and sustained global cooperation.
Equator to Pole: Using Science Diplomacy to Incorporate Best Practices from Latin America and the Caribbean for Sustainable Cruise Tourism in the Polar Regions
Authors: Campisi Julian , Watson Ana , Yip Julianne
Published: August 2022

During the last decade, cruise tourism in the Arctic and the Antarctic has grown exponentially as changing environmental conditions have enabled increased access to the polar regions. This industry has the potential to support communities via financial and social benefits; however, it is also a climate- and capital-intensive global economic activity whose negative impacts are difficult to assess, monitor and control. The current state of voluntary, industry-led standards and regulations around polar cruise tourism are likely insufficient to deal with the negative environmental impacts which will escalate in the coming years due to global warming and over-tourism. As such, science diplomacy—a mode of international relationship-building that mobilizes science, technology, and innovation to tackle transnational issues—can be used as a tool to enhance science-based conservation efforts and address cruise tourism’s governance challenges that often escape jurisdictional boundaries. Addressed to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), this policy memo outlines how science diplomacy can help develop collaborative policies to manage the risks and opportunities of cruise tourism expansion in the polar regions. It presents key recommendations based on best practices from regional experiences in Latin America and the Caribbean, including convening an international workshop on climate change and cruise tourism, soliciting a request for proposals for establishing a UNWTO polar observatory, and using outreach tools to develop knowledge-sharing partnerships.
Advance U.S. International Diplomacy Efforts by Expanding Eligibility in the Embassy Science Fellows Program
Authors: Major Rami , Flores JP , Cherney Rachel
Published: August 2022

Science has a unique ability to transcend borders in pursuit of common knowledge for the betterment of humanity. To increase technological and innovative progress, international collaboration is necessary and can be leveraged to advance foreign policy relationships. The United States (U.S.) Department of State’s (DoS) Embassy Science Fellows Program (ESFP) has a proven track record of advancing international diplomacy interests of the U.S. through scientific collaboration, yet the program is sorely underutilized despite the high demand for qualified science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) experts by embassies around the world. To address the demand for STEM experts willing to serve DoS interests, we propose broadening ESFP eligibility to non-federal scientists. With this change, the DoS can recruit from a larger pool of experts and increase the probability that embassy needs for science diplomats can be met, augmenting the impact of the ESFP on U.S. diplomacy initiatives.
Capacity-Building for Big Science in the Global South: Lessons Learned from the Square Kilometer Array
Authors: Rüland Anna-Lena
Published: August 2022

Hosting a big science project, a research facility that is anchored around large and complex instruments in the billion-dollar class, presents both an opportunity and a challenge for countries from the Global South. On the one hand, big science projects may foster a host country’s local and national capacities in science and technology (S&T). On the other hand, contenders need solid S&T capacities to bid for a big science facility. In the Global South, and in particular on the African continent, few countries currently have such capacities. With the exception of South Africa, which is host to the Square Kilometer Array (SKA), a billion-euro radio astronomy facility, no African country hosts a big science project. This essay outlines how South Africa, which initially lacked human capital and infrastructure in radio astronomy, succeeded in building capacity for SKA. In addition, it draws two lessons from South Africa’s capacity-building efforts. These lessons could prove useful for countries from the Global South that are keen to strengthen their S&T capacities for big science.
A Call to Draw on Existing Social Science Scholarship to Understand Professional Communities at the Science-Diplomacy Nexus Better: Using the Case of Space Governance
Authors: Salter George
Published: August 2022

Global governance arrangements are produced and sustained by an array of professionals who sometimes compete and sometimes collaborate over policy construction. Where trained scientists fit into this picture and how they influence policy formation is a question of great importance for stakeholders vested in the science-diplomacy nexus, given the role of technical knowledge in complex and uncertain diplomatic challenges. However, this Op-Ed argues that understanding the social dynamics that constitute science diplomacy in practice requires the use of concepts and theory from Science and Technology Studies and practice-theoretical work in global governance scholarship that can accommodate the contingency of professional life in this field of action. Using the arena of outer space governance to illustrate this point, I contend that using this scholarship can open up conceptual space to consider inter-professional contestation and intra-professional reimagination at the science-diplomacy interface. In turn, this approach can enhance understanding for science diplomacy practitioners as to what it means to be a scientist engaging at this nexus and what cycles of professional stasis and change are taking place.
Rising Seas and Uncertainties: Establishing Static Maritime Borders to Ensure Equity in the Face of Sea Level Rise
Authors: Wagner Lauren , Yu Ka Man Jasmine , Dunn Fiona
Published: August 2022

The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), adopted in 1994, establishes international maritime boundaries that are measured from the “normal baseline” where the ocean meets the coast. However, UNCLOS does not account for changes in the normal baseline that are expected to occur as a result of climate change-induced sea level rise. These uncertainties leave room for maritime territorial disputes that threaten the political and economic resources of small island developing states (SIDS) and developing coastal nations. Here, we discuss the impacts of sea level rise on maritime boundaries with a focus on equity for SIDS and developing coastal nations. These nations, though they contribute the least to climate change, experience its effects most drastically and are the least equipped to adapt. To safeguard against the inequities that are expected to result from rising sea levels, we recommend a science-informed, diplomatic effort to address this issue: that the International Maritime Organization introduce an international convention to establish static maritime baselines. This approach would freeze maritime boundaries, allowing all island and coastal nations to retain their existing oceanic zones and entitlements. Establishing a static baselines promises to mitigate the disproportionate effects of climate change on SIDS and represents a necessary step in the push for international equity in the face of climate change.
The Need for American Scientific Diaspora Networks
Authors: Warner Isabel , Goldenkoff Elana , Del Castello Barbara , Butler Dorothy , Elliott Steve , Zimmermann Alessandra
Published: August 2022

The global nature of science and technology enables professionals in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) to emigrate in pursuit of educational and professional opportunities abroad. To support and access these highly skilled expatriates, many countries develop scientific diaspora networks. These networks act as hubs to connect diaspora scientists to each other and to their country of origin, strengthening research collaborations and scientific diplomacy between nations. The U.S. does not have any formal networks for its scientists working abroad. These émigré researchers therefore represent an untapped resource of soft power and diplomacy. U.S. networks would help provide information on current innovation strategies worldwide, promote positive and peaceful relations between the U.S. and the host country, and foster cross-country research collaborations. We recommend the development of scientific diaspora networks for U.S. researchers abroad. We review three organizational and funding structures that the U.S. can use as models to develop its own science diaspora networks: government affiliated, NGO-managed, and grassroots-initiated. Given these, we make the following policy recommendations: 1) The Department of State and other federal agencies should help develop and support U.S. diaspora networks, 2) The U.S. government should create a ‘network of networks’ to scale support and resources for U.S. diaspora networks, and 3) The U.S. government and philanthropic groups should fund programs to establish professional organizations for U.S. scientists abroad.
Clinical Correlation Between Pre and Post ERCP Laboratory Values
Authors: Salem Johny , Arja Walaa , Aoun Jennifer , Obeid Nourhane , Abi-nehme Anna-maria , Gharib Nour , Ghorayeb Tala , Farhat Said
Published: August 2022

Abstract
 Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has evolved from a diagnostic modality to a primarily therapeutic procedure for pancreatic as well as biliary disorders. However, several complications were described post-procedure such as pancreatitis, perforation, cholangitis, post-sphincterotomy bleeding, etc. Data concerning variation in laboratory values before and after ERCP and its clinical significance with respect to endoscopic findings and possible complications is lacking in the literature.
Aim: To analyze the clinical significance of laboratory values in patients before and after ERCP.
Methods: From a total of 723 patients, 363 with different sets of findings on ERCP were eligible to be included in the study and were divided into 8 different groups. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), bilirubin, amylase, lipase, c-reactive protein (CRP), white blood count (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophils, basophils, platelets counts and creatinine were determined preoperatively as well as postoperatively in these patients.
Results: AST and direct bilirubin showed a significant difference in all patients between pre and post-ERCP (p-value<0.01 and p-value<0.05, respectively). Liver tests were significantly higher in the malignant obstruction group than in the bile duct stones group (P <0.05) and decrease more significantly (P <0.05) after the procedure. A significant increase in lipase (p-value<0.05) among all groups was found, and interestingly, the lymphocytic count showed a significant decrease (p-value<0.01).
Conclusion: In conclusion, (1) ERCP significantly decreases AST, direct bilirubin, lymphocytes, and monocytes count post procedure among all stratified groups of obstructive etiology thus proving its therapeutic value for biliary system obstructions. (2) Higher baseline disturbances in laboratory values at T0, especially in liver function tests such as ALT, AST, GGT, and ALKP as well as a bigger decrease in lymphocyte count at T1 are noted to be linked with malignant obstructions (tumor group), rather than benign obstructions (stone, sludge, stone+ sludge, and stricture).  (3) Finally, stone and stricture groups are at the highest risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis owing to those groups having the highest pancreatic enzyme levels post ERCP, and thus should be the best candidates for a pre-ERCP pharmacologic prophylaxis (such as diclofenac, etc) and post ERCP close monitoring.
An Introduction to Scientific Names of Organisms, and the Taxon Concepts they Represent
Authors: Pyle Richard
Published: August 2022

In many ways, taxonomy and nomenclature lie at the center of all of biodiversity science. Most data concerning biodiversity is given context through scientific names, which follow a basic standard of nomenclature and classification that has endured for more than a quarter of a millennium. This standard has endured not only the test of time, but also major shifts in thinking about biodiversity, such as the revolutionary notion of evolution by natural selection, which were introduced a full century after the standard had been adopted. The system of scientific names now faces a similar paradigm-shifting challenge as the world of science transitions to the age of digitization and DNA sequences. Although most people are familiar with the practice of assigning scientific names to organisms, many are not aware of the history of the practice, the current rules and regulatory bodies for assigning scientific names to organisms, the subtle but important distinctions between “taxonomic names” and “taxonomic concepts” (and the corresponding implications for biodiversity informatics), or the minefield of potential pitfalls surrounding the ambiguous and inconsistent terminology used in associated discussions. From an informatics perspective, there has been a great deal of discussion on the difference between scientific names of organisms, and the taxonomic concepts they are intended to represent. Although in many ways the debates of more than two decades ago continue today, there have been some tangible steps forward, and we may be approaching a moment when the informatics of scientific names and taxon concepts achieves a new level of utility.
Establishing a reference tool for ecosystem accounting in Europe, based on the INCA methodology
Authors: Buchhorn Marcel , Smets Bruno , Danckaert Thomas , van Loo Maarten , Broekx Steven , Peelaerts Wim
Published: August 2022

The European Commission developed an amendment to Regulation 691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts to include reporting on ecosystem accounts compliant to the United Nations Statistical Commission System of Environmental-Economic Accounts – Ecosystem Accounts (SEEA-EA) standard. To support Member States implementing this regulation, an open source tool, known as INCA-tool, to generate ecosystem service accounts has been developed, based on the Knowledge Innovation Project on Integrated Systems of Naural Capital and Ecosystem Services Accounting (KIP-INCA) methodologies. The INCA-tool was developed by taking into account the FAIR principle for software and data, as well as existing interoperability standards by the SEEA community. Three types of users were identified with their specific needs, interactions and skills. To meet their needs, the INCA-tool was split into two parts, a python package to perform the calculations and an acessible and easy-to-use user interface in QGIS to integrate national information. With a first version of the toolkit in place, improvements to the existing calculation methods and alignment with the upcoming EU regulation can be achieved. Further, feedback from Member States beta-tests and their experiences is currently collected and implemented and the full public roll-out is planned for the end of 2022. The software packages in the toolkit were already used to extend the existing nine INCA European wall-to-wall account series with the year 2018.
Poplave v Sloveniji
Authors: Orožen Adamič Milan
Published: August 2022

Jeseni 1990 so bile v Sloveniji poplave izjemnih razsežnosti, ki veljajo za eno največjih naravnih nesreč v Sloveniji v 20. stoletju. Celovito obravnavanje dogodka je bilo predmet številnih raziskav, ekspertiz, posvetov in najrazličnejših sanacijskih ukrepov. Z namenom, da bi obstoječe znanje združili v pregledni obliki, je bil v Poljčah aprila 1992 organiziran posvet, ki sta ga pripravila Oddelek za naravne nesreče Geografskega inštituta Antona Melika ZRC SAZU in Republiška uprava za zaščito in reševanje Ministrstva za obrambo. Organizatorji so si prizadevali za celovito in multidisciplinarno obravnavo problema. Rdeča nit posvetovanja je bila problematika varstva pred poplavami in prizadevanja za sanacijo, zlasti z vidika preventive. V publikaciji je objavljenih 34 prispevkov, razdeljenih na vsebinske sklope stanje, naravne danosti, dinamika procesov, raba prostora, razmere v posameznih povodjih, kako naprej.
Au-delà de la technicisation. Projets de développement, carrières d’« experts » et légitimation de pratiques autoritaires en Éthiopie
Authors: Labzaé Mehdi
Published: August 2022

Sur la base d’entretiens auprès d’experts internationaux et d’une enquête de terrain menée en Éthiopie entre 2013 et 2019, cet article revient sur l’idée de projets de développement comme « machines anti-politiques », proposée par James Ferguson, pour montrer que les projets financés par des bailleurs extérieurs peuvent aussi, en contexte autoritaire, avoir de solides effets de légitimation du régime en place. L’étude de projets fonciers en Éthiopie montre comment les experts en développement investissent à la fois dans des stratégies revendiquées d’évitement du politique et dans des discours de justification de l’autoritarisme au nom d’une téléologie du développement. Les projets et experts internationaux qui les peuplent sont avant tout inscrits dans des marchés concurrentiels de l’aide au développement, dont les enjeux priment sur ceux des sociétés d’intervention. La nécessité de conclure au succès des projets pousse les praticiens de l’aide à s’accommoder de pratiques violentes de leurs partenaires éthiopiens voire à organiser les conditions de leur ignorance de celles-ci lorsqu’elles sont rendues publiques.
U–Pb geochronology of Late Silurian (Wenlock to Pridoli) volcanic and sedimentary rocks, central Newfoundland Appalachians: targeting the timing of transient extension as a prelude to Devonian orogenic gold mineralization
Authors: Honsberger Ian W. , Bleeker Wouter , Kamo Sandra L. , Sutcliffe Chelsea N. , Sandeman Hamish A.I.
Published: August 2022

Bimodal igneous suites and associated immature clastic sedimentary rocks are characteristic of many orogenic gold-mineralized, crustal-scale fault zones globally. In the central Newfoundland Appalachian orogen, the Rogerson Lake Conglomerate belt and Botwood basin are Late Silurian (Wenlock to Pridoli), fault-controlled sedimentary rock sequences and magmatic suites closely associated with orogenic gold mineralization; however, the spatio-temporal evolution of faulting and associated sedimentation and magmatism are not fully resolved. U–Pb zircon geochronological results were obtained by using an integrated approach employing LA-ICPMS (laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) followed by CA-ID-TIMS (chemical abrasion-isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry) on the same detrital samples. Using this approach, a maximum depositional age for sedimentary rocks of the Rogerson Lake Conglomerate sequence is 421.9 ± 1.0 Ma (Pridoli), which confirms that they are younger than, and stratigraphically overlie, ca. 422–420 Ma igneous rocks exposed along the central Newfoundland gold belt. Towards the stratigraphic middle of the Botwood basin in north-central Newfoundland, a tuffite layer intercalated with graded siltstone produced a maximum depositional age of 427.9 ± 3.1 Ma (Wenlock; Homerian). The age of emplacement of an autobrecciated, flow-banded rhyolite dome of the Charles Lake volcanic belt along the northwestern Botwood basin is 429.3 ± 0.7 Ma (Wenlock; Homerian). The high-precision CA-ID-TIMS zircon data establish a clear link between Wenlock to Pridoli magmatism and sedimentation throughout central Newfoundland. Furthermore, these geochronological results are consistent with a structural model involving the southeastward (present-day coordinates) advancement of a transient extensional fault system across strike of the Exploits Subzone between ca. 429 and 418 Ma, with propagation along strike to the southwest (Rogerson Lake Conglomerate belt) between ca. 422 and 418 Ma. Extensional faulting may have contributed to basin formation, subsidence, and exhumation of pre-Late Silurian rocks of the Exploits Subzone. Time-transgressive, extension-related magmatism and clastic sedimentation appear to mark the transition between the Salinic and Acadian orogenic cycles along the central Newfoundland gold belt. Transient Wenlock to Pridoli lithospheric extension may have been important for increasing heat and fluid flow in the crust as a prelude to Devonian crustal thickening, fluid focussing, and orogenic gold mineralization.
Explicit Rieffel induction module for quantum groups
Authors: Rivet Damien
Published: August 2022

For

\mathbb{G}

an algebraic (or more generally, a bornological) quantum group and

\mathbb{B}

a closed quantum subgroup of

\mathbb{G}

, we build in this paper an induction module by explicitly defining, on the convolution algebra of

\mathbb{G}

, an inner product which takes its value in the convolution algebra of

\mathbb{B}

, as in the original approach of Rieffel. In this context, we study the link with the induction functor defined by Vaes. In the last part, we illustrate our result with parabolic induction of complex semisimple quantum groups. We first show that our induction functor coincides with the one already defined in the case of parabolic induction. Then we use the tools developed in this paper to give a geometric interpretation to the parabolic induction functor, following the approach suggested by Clare in the classical case.
Foundations of Bayesian Inference for Complex Statistical Models
Authors: Nickl Richard , Rousseau Judith , van der Vaart Aad
Published: August 2022

In this virtual workshop a variety of recent developments in Bayesian high-dimensional and nonparametric statistics were discussed in depth. There were 12 in depth talks delivered via zoom in the afternoons (to allow for US attendance), and several informal evening time meetings on wonder.me, where follow up discussions of the most important mathematical developments took place.
Mini-Workshop: Analysis of Data-driven Optimal Control
Authors: Grüne Lars , Morris Kirsten Anna
Published: August 2022

This hybrid mini-workshop discussed recent mathematical methods for analyzing the opportunities and limitations of data-driven and machine- learning approaches to optimal feedback control. The analysis concerned all aspects of such approaches, ranging from approximation theory particularly for high-dimensional problems via complexity analysis of algorithms to robustness issues.
Numerical Methods for Fully Nonlinear and Related PDEs
Authors: Bartels Sören , Brenner Susanne C. , Feng Xiaobing , Neilan Michael J.
Published: August 2022

The aim of this workshop was to discuss the challenges, latest trends and advancements on numerical methods for fully nonlinear PDEs. The construction of numerical schemes and their convergence analysis is still an emerging field in computational mathematics with several fundamental open problems. Nonetheless, significant breakthroughs have recently appeared, including the design of accurate finite element schemes for nonvariational problems, a priori error estimates for monotone schemes, and the construction of high-order and adaptive methods.
How highly connected can an orbifold be?
Authors: Lange Christian , Radeschi Marco
Published: August 2022

On the one hand, we provide the first examples of arbitrarily highly connected (compact) bad orbifolds. On the other hand, we show that

n

-connected

n

-orbifolds are manifolds. The latter improves the best previously known bound of Lytchak by roughly a factor of 2. For compact orbifolds and in most dimensions, we prove slightly better bounds. We obtain sharp results up to dimension 5.