bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Signature-Based Security Analysis and Detection of IoT Threats in Advanced Message Queuing Protocol
Authors: Hashimyar Mohammad Emran , Aiash Mahdi , Khoshkholghi Ali , Nalli Giacomo
Published: February 2025

The Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) is a widely used communication standard in IoT systems due to its robust and reliable message delivery capabilities. However, its increasing adoption has made it a target for various cyber threats, including Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), Man-in-the-Middle (MitM), and brute force attacks. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of AMQP-specific vulnerabilities and introduces a statistical model for the detection and classification of malicious activities in IoT networks. Leveraging a custom-designed IoT testbed, realistic attack scenarios were simulated, and a dataset encompassing normal, malicious, and mixed traffic was generated. Unique attack signatures were identified and validated through repeated experiments, forming the foundation of a signature-based detection mechanism tailored for AMQP networks. The proposed model demonstrated high accuracy in detecting and classifying attack-specific traffic while maintaining a low false positive rate for benign traffic. Notable results include effective detection of RST packets in DDoS scenarios, precise classification of MitM attack patterns, and identification of brute force attempts on AMQP systems. This research highlights the efficacy of signature-based approaches in enhancing IoT security and offers a benchmark for future machine learning-driven detection systems. By addressing AMQP-specific challenges, the study contributes to the development of resilient and secure IoT ecosystems.
Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Postoperative Rehabilitation Following Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Martín Pérez Sebastián Eustaquio , Pérez Canosa Carmen , Pérez Aguiar Iván , Medina Rodríguez Alexandra Marina , Martín Pérez Isidro Miguel
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Cruciate ligament injuries, particularly those involving the anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament, are common among active individuals and often require surgical reconstruction followed by intensive rehabilitation to restore knee stability, movement, and strength. Virtual reality exposure therapy has emerged as a potentially beneficial adjunct to traditional rehabilitation, offering immersive, interactive environments that may aid in pain relief, balance, proprioception, and functional recovery. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of VRET compared to conventional rehabilitation for postoperative cruciate ligament reconstruction, focusing on outcomes in pain, balance, proprioception, and the knee flexion range of motion. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024604706). A comprehensive search across databases including MEDLINE (PubMed), SPORTDiscus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science (WOS), Cochrane Library, Scopus, and EBSCOhost included studies from inception until the date of search, using terms such as “cruciate ligament”, “virtual reality”, “rehabilitation”, “pain”, and “balance”, combined with Booleans “AND” and “OR”. Methodological quality, risk of bias, and recommendation strength were assessed using PEDro Scale, Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2.0), and GRADE, respectively. Results: Eleven studies (n = 387) met the inclusion criteria, involving patients who had undergone ACL or PCL reconstruction. Virtual reality exposure therapy showed significant benefits in reducing pain intensity [SMD = −2.33, 95% CI: −4.24 to −0.42, Z = 2.40, p = 0.02], improving proprioception, and enhancing the knee flexion range of motion. However, the results for static balance [SMD = −0.37, 95% CI: −1.62 to 0.88, Z = 0.58, p = 0.56] and dynamic balance [SMD = −0.37, 95% CI: −1.83 to 1.09, Z = 0.50, p = 0.62] were mixed and not statistically significant. Conclusions: Virtual reality exposure therapy is an effective adjunct therapy to postoperative rehabilitation for cruciate ligament reconstruction, particularly in reducing pain and enhancing proprioception. However, the small sample sizes and variability across studies underscore the need for further research with larger cohorts to validate these benefits in diverse patient populations.
Descriptive Analysis of Pediatric Studies Included in the European Union Post-Authorization Study Register from 2010 to 2023
Authors: Landi Annalisa , Reggiardo Giorgio , Didio Antonella , D’Ercole Annunziata , Ceci Adriana , Govere Grace Shalom , Bonifazi Donato , Bonifazi Fedele , Crisafulli Salvatore , Trifirò Gianluca , Kaguelidou Florentia , Hakkarainen Katja Marja , Gvozdanović Katarina , Barone-Adesi Francesco , Ucciero Andrealuna , Felisi Mariagrazia
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: This work aimed to analyze pediatric Post-Authorization Studies (PASs) registered in the European Union electronic Register of Post-Authorization Studies (EU PAS Register) from September 2010 to April 2023 to identify trends in terms of timing, age groups, and therapeutic areas and to discuss pediatric specificities and sources of funding for the PASs. Methods: A screening process identified PASs conducted exclusively on the pediatric population, and instructions were provided to ensure standardized data collection from the EU PAS Register. A univariate linear regression descriptive analysis was performed to assess trends over time, while a multivariate linear regression analysis helped explore additional characteristics of these studies. Results: Of the 2574 PASs extracted from the EU PAS Registry, 165 were included in this analysis. The majority of pediatric PASs were observational studies (86%), and most of them utilized secondary data (53%). The annual number of PASs increased significantly between 2010 and 2023. As envisaged, the largest part was funded by pharmaceutical companies (62%). Anti-infectives for systemic uses (25%), medicines for the nervous system (18%), and antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents (15%) resulted in the most studied drugs. Conclusions: Our findings show that post-marketing observational research in pediatric populations has increased over time. Nevertheless, industry–academia collaboration should be encouraged, and regulatory guidance is needed to prioritize research in areas of unmet therapeutic need.
RETRACTED: Huang et al. Adenine Combined with Cisplatin Promotes Anticancer Activity Against Hepatocellular Cancer Cells Through AMPK-Mediated p53/p21 and p38 MAPK Cascades. Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15, 795
Authors: Huang Jhen-Yu , Lin You-Cian , Chen Han-Min , Lin Jiun-Tsai , Kao Shao-Hsuan
Published: February 2025

The Pharmaceuticals Editorial Office retracts the article “Adenine Combined with Cisplatin Promotes Anticancer Activity against Hepatocellular Cancer Cells through AMPK-Mediated p53/p21 and p38 MAPK Cascades [...]
Flavonoids as Natural Anti-Inflammatory Agents in the Atopic Dermatitis Treatment
Authors: Zawawi Nurul Ain , Ahmad Haslina , Madatheri Rajesh , Fadilah Nur Izzah Md , Maarof Manira , Fauzi Mh Busra
Published: February 2025

Eczema is a complex autoimmune condition characterised mainly by inflammation and skin lesions along with physical and psychological comorbidities. Although there have been significant advances in understanding the mechanisms behind atopic dermatitis, conventionally available treatments yield inconsistent results and have some unintended consequences. In today’s digital age, where knowledge is just a click away, natural-based supplements have been on the rise for a more “natural” treatment towards any type of disease. Natural compounds, particularly derived from medicinal plants, have piqued significant interest in the development of herbal remedies for chronic inflammatory skin conditions. Among many compounds, flavonoids have shown promise in treating eczema due to their strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-allergic properties, making them helpful in preventing allergic reactions, inflammation, and skin irritation. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of flavonoid-based bioactive compounds to manage eczema, emphasising the mechanisms of action. Additionally, providing a comprehensive analysis of the potential of emerging and established compounds, while bridging a gap between traditional and modern medicine. Flavonoids offer a variety of opportunities for further research and innovative formulations that can maximise its full benefits. Further combination of flavonoids with various approaches such as nanoencapsulation for enhanced bioavailability, hydrogel-based delivery systems for a controlled release, and additive manufacturing for personalised topical formulations, could align with future precision medicine needs.
High-Accuracy Pseudo-Random Code Laser Ranging Method Based on Data Shifting and Parameter Calibration of Phase Discriminator
Authors: Li Chaoyang , Yang Fei , Sun Jianfeng , Lu Zhiyong , Zhou Yu , Qian Chenxiang , Chen Weibiao
Published: February 2025

High-accuracy and high-precision inter-satellite ranging enhances the orbital accuracy of the Global Navigation Satellite System and facilitates Autonomous Navigation without requiring ground stations. This study proposes a novel phase discrimination method based on pseudo-random code phase modulation coherent laser ranging, which solves the problem of mutual restriction between ranging accuracy and ranging precision in the traditional method. The early–late correlation peaks are obtained via data shifting, while the early and late codes remain unchanged. The characteristic parameters of the early–late discriminator model are calibrated by the actual ranging system, which achieves enhanced ranging accuracy and precision simultaneously. Ground test results indicate that for the static target, the accuracy of the distance measurement is 0.56 mm, while the precision is 0.34 mm. The ranging accuracy of the proposed method has improved by a factor of 91 compared to the traditional method. For dynamic targets, the accuracies of the distance and speed measurements are 0.38 mm and 0.44 mm/s, respectively.
Combining Physiology and Transcriptome to Reveal Mechanisms of Hosta ‘Golden Cadet’ in Response to Alkali Stress
Authors: Sun Xiaogang , Zhu Chunyao , Li Baizhou , Ning Wei , Yin Jiahui
Published: February 2025

As an ornamentally and medicinally worthy plant, Hosta plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers. has the adapted capacity to survive cold temperate monsoon climates in Northeastern China. However, its use is limited by the soil alkalization of urban gardens. Our pre-experiment found that Hosta ‘Golden Cadet’ has the potential to be alkali-tolerant. Hence, tissue-cultured seedlings of Hosta ‘Golden Cadet’ were used as experimental material. Its related growth, physiology, and transcripts were examined to reveal the molecular mechanism of Hosta plantaginea in response to alkali stress. The results show that the development of Hosta ‘Golden Cadet’ was affected by alkali stress. In comparison with the control, malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased by 4.28-fold at the 24th hour, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased by 49% at the 6th hour, and peroxidase (POD) activity and soluble sugar (SS) content increased by 67% and 30% at the 12th hour, respectively. The RNA-seq analysis revealed that Hosta ‘Golden Cadet’ gene expressions at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 21 h and 48 h differed after 200 mmol/L NaHCO3 treatment. During 48 h under alkali stress, 2366 differentially expressed genes were found. The transcription factors MYB, AP2/ERF, and WRKY were activated in differentially expressed genes. The KEGG analysis found that phytohormone signaling pathways, starch and sucrose metabolism, and phenylpropane production were activated in Hosta ‘Golden Cadet’ in response to alkali stress. In summary, Hosta ‘Golden Cadet’ can reduce membrane damage by improving osmoregulation and antioxidant capacity, increase sucrose and starch metabolism, and regulate phenylpropane biosynthesis by activating transcription factors and inducing related phytohormone signaling, mitigating the effects of alkali toxicity. These findings guide an investigation into the mechanism of alkali tolerance in Hosta plants, screening alkali tolerance genes, and selecting and breeding novel alkali-tolerant Hosta plantaginea cultivars.
A Synthetic Review of Feedbacks and Drivers of Shrub–Grass Interaction in the Process of Grassland Shrub Encroachment
Authors: Hou Huiyang , Yan Haoran , Bai Xue , Zhang Yuzhen , Guo Yanjun , Zhou Jianwei , Gao Shaobo
Published: February 2025

Many grasslands around the world are affected by shrub encroachment. The essence of shrub encroachment into a grassland habitat is a change in the direction and intensity of shrub–grass interactions, which leads to an alteration in the grassland community structure. Recent research progress can be summarized as encompassing the primary factors influencing shrub encroachment and the physical, biological, and chemical ways through which they affect grassland community succession and shrub–grass interactions. The purpose of this study was to explore how shrub–grass interactions and relationships change under the influence of various environmental factors and their impact on grassland communities to provide a theoretical basis for grassland restoration and the management of shrubs within grassland from the perspective of shrub–grass interaction.
Recent Advances in Transcriptome Analysis Within the Realm of Low Arsenic Rice Breeding
Authors: Huang Guanrong , Yu Guoping , Li Huijuan , Yu Haipeng , Huang Zengying , Tang Lu , Yang Pengfei , Zhong Zhengzheng , Hu Guocheng , Zhang Peng , Tong Hanhua
Published: February 2025

Arsenic (As), a toxic element, is widely distributed in soil and irrigation water. Rice (Oryza sativa L.), the staple food in Southern China, exhibits a greater propensity for As uptake compared to other crops. Arsenic pollution in paddy fields not only impairs rice growth but also poses a serious threat to food security and human health. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism underlying the response to As toxicity has not been completely revealed until now. Transcriptome analysis represents a powerful tool for revealing the mechanisms conferring phenotype formation and is widely employed in crop breeding. Consequently, this review focuses on the recent advances in transcriptome analysis within the realm of low As breeding in rice. It particularly highlights the applications of transcriptome analysis in identifying genes responsive to As toxicity, revealing gene interaction regulatory modules and analyzing secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms underlying rice As tolerance are updated, and the recent outcomes in low As breeding are summarized. Finally, the challenges associated with applying transcriptome analysis to low-As breeding are deliberated upon, and future research directions are envisioned, with the aim of providing references to expedite high-yield and low-arsenic breeding in rice.
Divergent Photosynthetic Strategies of Lupinus polyphyllus and Helleborus viridis During Cold Acclimation and Freezing–Thaw Recovery
Authors: Xie Pengyuan , Zhao Yining , Zhao Xin , Xu Linbo , Wang Kai , Jia Ruidong , Kou Yaping , Ge Hong , Wang Wenjun , Yang Shuhua
Published: February 2025

Low temperatures can significantly affect the growth of ornamental plants, emphasizing the importance of improving their cold tolerance. However, comparative studies on the photosynthetic responses of sun and shade plants to low temperatures remain limited. In this study, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence in Photosystem II (PSII) and Photosystem I (PSI), the antioxidant system, the osmoregulator substance, and lipid peroxidation were investigated in the shade plant Helleborus viridis (Hv) and the sun plant Lupinus polyphyllus (Lp) during cold acclimation (CA) and the freezing–thaw recovery (FTR). The CA treatment significantly declined the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) in Hv and Lp, indicating the photoinhibition occurred in both species. However, Hv exhibited a much better photosynthetic stability to maintain Pn, Fv/Fm, and carboxylation efficiency (CE) than Lp during CA, suggesting that Hv had a greater photosynthetic resilience compared to Lp. Furthermore, Hv preferred to maintain Pn, Fv/Fm, the actual photosynthetic efficiency of PSII (Y(II)), and the actual photosynthetic efficiency of PSI (Y(I)) to consistently provide the necessary energy for the carbon assimilation process, while Lp tended to divert and dissipate excess energy by thermal dissipation and cyclic electron flow during CA. Moreover, there were higher soluble sugar contents in Hv in comparison to Lp. These traits allowed Hv to recover photosynthetic efficiency and maintain cellular integrity better than Lp after the freezing stress. In conclusion, CA significantly reduced the photosynthetic capacity and led to the divergent photosynthetic strategies of both species, which finally resulted in a different freezing tolerance after the freezing–thaw recovery. These findings provide insights into the divergent photoprotective strategies of sun and shade plants in response to cold temperatures.
Influences and Failure Analysis of the Interaction Between Melt and Gas on Double-Layer Gas-Assisted Extrusion Molding of Polymer Micro-Catheters
Authors: Ren Zhong , Deng Xiaozhen , Ji Haibo
Published: February 2025

Although the extrudate swelling, melt fracture, and extrusion deformation of polymer micro-catheters in traditional extrusion molding can be eliminated via the double-layer gas-assisted extrusion (DL-GAE) method, some failure problems are generated under unreasonable process conditions. To ascertain the reasons for failure in DL-GAE molding of polymer micro-catheters, the influences of the interaction between the melt and double assisted gas on the DL-GAE molding of polymer micro-catheters were experimentally and numerically studied. Meanwhile, a DL-GAE die and experimental system were designed and constructed. We analyzed the influence laws of the melt and assisted gas on the DL-GAE molding of polymer micro-catheters, as well as reasons for the molding’s failure. Our studies demonstrate that under the condition of stable DL-GAE, as the melt flow rate increases, the wall thickness and diameter of polypropylene (PP) micro-catheters increase. When the melt flow rate continuously increases, the stability of the assisted gas is destroyed, resulting in the failure of DL-GAE. In addition, under synchronized pressures of a double gas-assisted layer, the diameters of the micro-catheters increase, but their wall thickness decreases. Under an individual pressure increase of the outer gas-assisted layer, surface bump defects are generated. Under an individual pressure increase of the inner gas-assisted layer, the diameters of PP micro-catheters swell prominently until they break. Therefore, although DL-GAE can eliminate extrusion problems of polymer micro-catheters, it is suggested that reasonable process parameters for the melt and double assisted gas should be satisfied and matched. This work can provide significant technical support for the DL-GAE of polymer micro-catheters during manufacture.
Fatigue Damage Evolution Mechanism of Asphalt Binder Under Variable Stress Repeated Loading
Authors: Li Weijie , Lin Jintao , Lin Weidi , Yu Huayang
Published: February 2025

Continuous loading on asphalt pavements induces fatigue damage at the interface between the asphalt binder and aggregate or within the binder itself. The understanding of asphalt’s fatigue response is considered crucial for the prolongation of pavement service life. Variable stress fatigue tests were conducted on asphalt binders, with conditions such as stress amplitude being altered to analyze fatigue performance and life. This study refines asphalt fatigue evaluation systems, introducing a variable stress time sweep test. Modulus recovery after stress changes was revealed through rheological analysis, indicating damage recovery. Fracture surface analysis showed that increased high–stress loadings resulted in reduced edge flow zone width and a flatter surface. Statistical analysis indicated an “exercise effect”, enhancing fatigue life in the second stage. Stress transitions altered fatigue crack paths, surpassing Miner’s linear criterion prediction. The fatigue life curve was accurately fitted using the two–stage life model, affirming its applicability in evaluating variable stress fatigue tests.
Purification and Characterization of Transglutaminase Isolated from Sardine (Sardina pilchardus) Flesh Waste
Authors: Zaghbib Imen , Abdullah Johar Amin Ahmed , Hassouna Mnasser , Romero Alberto
Published: February 2025

Transglutaminase (TGase) is an enzyme that catalyzes acyl transfer reactions by creating covalent cross-links between protein molecules and has been used to improve the physical and functional properties of protein-based foods. The objectives of this study were the extraction, purification, and biochemical characterization of TGase from sardine (Sardina pilchardus) flesh in order to provide a suitable TGase enzyme for food industry applications. The results showed a specific activity, yield, and purification fold of 357.14 U/mg protein, 36.74%, and 183.15, respectively. The enzyme exhibited maximal activity at 40 °C and pH 8.0, with a molecular weight of around 57 kDa. The effect of time on TGase thermal stability at 40 °C showed a gradual decrease in its catalytic activity during the incubation time until the enzyme was completely inactivated at 60 min. Additionally, the sardine TGase was found to be calcium-dependent. However, Mg2+ and Ba2+ ions were found to be effective in its activation to some extent and a total inhibition was shown by Zn2+ and Sr2+ ions. The TGase activity was affected markedly by NaCl and EDTA, and lost, respectively, about 80.7% and 36.49% from its activity by increasing the concentration (1.5 M NaCl and 20 mM EDTA). Based on the surface hydrophobicity and solubility results, the cross-linking of natural actomyosin mediated by TGase increased to a greater extent. The results revealed that sardine TGase possessed attractive qualities, making it a potential alternative to other TGase sources for food industry applications.
Development of Vaginal In Situ Gel Containing ISN/HP-β-CD Inclusion Complex for Enhanced Solubility and Antifungal Efficacy
Authors: Alloush Tarek , Yurtdaş Kırımlıoğlu Gülsel
Published: February 2025

Many antifungal agents, including isoconazole nitrate (ISN), suffer from low aqueous solubility and inconsistent dissolution kinetics, which limit their therapeutic potential. To address these challenges, this study aimed to enhance the solubility and stability of ISN through the development of inclusion complexes with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). HP-β-CD inclusion complexes were prepared using a spray-drying technique and characterized through phase-solubility studies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The inclusion complex significantly improved ISN solubility, increasing from 0.5088 mg/mL to 3.6550 mg/mL. These complexes were incorporated into a thermosensitive, mucoadhesive in situ gel system using Pluronic® F127 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) to optimize vaginal drug delivery. The formulations were evaluated for gelation temperature, viscosity, swelling behavior, and pH, confirming their suitability for vaginal application. Antimicrobial studies demonstrated that the ISN/HP-β-CD gels exhibited superior activity against Candida albicans, C. glabrata, and C. krusei compared to ISN alone. In vitro release studies further revealed sustained drug release following Peppas-Sahlin kinetics, supporting enhanced bioavailability and prolonged therapeutic action. This study demonstrates that the ISN/HP-β-CD-loaded in situ gel system offers a promising and effective approach for improving the solubility, stability, and antifungal efficacy of ISN for the treatment of vaginal infections.
Fatty Acid-Containing p(HEMA) Hydrogels; A Promising Coating Platform to Reduce Encrustation on Urinary Catheters
Authors: Jones David S. , Andrews Gavin P. , Hamill Turlough , Gilmore Brendan F.
Published: February 2025

Two significant clinical issues associated with the use of urinary catheters are catheter-associated urinary tract infection and encrustation. This study describes the design of novel hydrogels based on fatty acid-containing p(hydroxyethylmethacrylate, HEMA) and their resistance to both microbial adherence and encrustation. Incorporation of fatty acids increased the contact angle (surface hydrophobicity), decreased the ultimate tensile strength only after storage at pH 9 in artificial urine (AU) but not at lower pH values, decreased the Young’s modulus and % elongation at break (both stored in deionised water, AU pH 6 and AU pH 9) and decreased equilibrium swelling (only when stored in deionised water or AU pH 6 but not AU pH 9). Moderate reductions in adherence of Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis to certain fatty acid containing (primarily decanoic acid and myristic acid) hydrogels were observed. No relationship was observed between hydrogel contact angle and resistance to microbial attachment. Most fatty acid-containing hydrogels exhibited significant, concentration-dependent resistance to encrustation, postulated to be due both to a greasy film resultant from the formation of the calcium/magnesium fatty acid salts at the surface and the role of Tween® 80 in facilitating the removal of the fatty acid salts from the surface of the hydrogel. The observed enhanced resistance of the hydrogels to encrustation offers opportunities for the use of such systems as platforms for coatings of urinary catheters.
Proteomic Comparison of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells and Normal CD34+ Bone Marrow Cells: Studies of Leukemia Cell Differentiation and Regulation of Iron Metabolism/Ferroptosis
Authors: Selheim Frode , Aasebø Elise , Reikvam Håkon , Bruserud Øystein , Hernandez-Valladares Maria
Published: February 2025

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive bone marrow malignancy that can be cured only by intensive chemotherapy possibly combined with allogeneic stem cell transplantation. We compared the pretreatment proteomic profiles of AML cells derived from 50 patients at the time of first diagnosis with normal CD34+ bone marrow cells. A comparison based on all AML and CD34+ normal cell populations identified 121 differentially abundant proteins that showed at least 2-fold differences, and these proteins included several markers of neutrophil differentiation (e.g., TLR2, the integrins ITGM and ITGX, and downstream mediators including RHO GTPase, S100A8, S100A9, S100A22). However, the expression of these 121 proteins varied between patients, and a subset of 28 patients was characterized by increased long-term AML-free survival, signs of myeloid AML cell differentiation, and favorable genetic abnormalities. These two main patient subsets (28 with differentiation versus 22 with fewer signs of differentiation) also differed with regard to the phosphorylation of 16 differentially abundant proteins. Furthermore, we also classified our patients based on their expression of 16 proteins involved in the regulation of iron metabolism/ferroptosis and showing differential expression when comparing AML cells and normal CD34+ cells. Among the 22 patients with less favorable prognosis, we could then identify a genetically heterogeneous subset characterized by adverse prognosis (i.e., death from primary resistance/relapse) and an iron metabolism/ferroptosis protein profile showing similarities with normal CD34+ cells. We conclude that proteomic profiles differ between AML and normal CD34+ cells; especially, proteomic differences reflecting differentiation and regulation of iron metabolism/ferroptosis are associated with risk of relapse after intensive conventional therapy.
Continuity as Care: Devotional Maintenance, Renewal, Accumulation, and Disposal in Tibetan and Himalayan Buddhist Material Religion
Authors: Fuentes Ayesha
Published: February 2025

This paper draws from the author’s direct experience with material care, adaptation, renewal, and disposal made while working within Himalayan and Tibetan Buddhist practitioner communities as a museum professional, conservator, and object-based researcher. It considers the function and utility of Buddhist tantric religious objects in terms of their care and capacity for practitioner engagement. In addition to exploring specific examples of what is referred to here as ‘devotional maintenance’, this paper will discuss how these strategies for object custodianship are related to Tibetan and Himalayan religious life and the specific epistemological and soteriological paradigm in which these actions are performed. Working from the perspective of a non-practitioner and material specialist, this research builds on observations of material care-taking to engage with local concepts of continuity, value, and longevity, including practices of accumulation, renewal, or disposal. Thinking critically about the methods and standards of heritage preservation provokes a discussion of how they can be interpreted as acts of care. At the same time, this paper will explore material custodianship through the cultivation of merit and an object’s capacity to transmit ‘blessings’ or the gift of beneficial influence (byin rlabs).
An Artificial Intelligence Model for Sensing Affective Valence and Arousal from Facial Images
Authors: Nomiya Hiroki , Shimokawa Koh , Namba Shushi , Osumi Masaki , Sato Wataru
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) models can sense subjective affective states from facial images. Although recent psychological studies have indicated that dimensional affective states of valence and arousal are systematically associated with facial expressions, no AI models have been developed to estimate these affective states from facial images based on empirical data. We developed a recurrent neural network-based AI model to estimate subjective valence and arousal states from facial images. We trained our model using a database containing participant valence/arousal states and facial images. Leave-one-out cross-validation supported the validity of the model for predicting subjective valence and arousal states. We further validated the effectiveness of the model by analyzing a dataset containing participant valence/arousal ratings and facial videos. The model predicted second-by-second valence and arousal states, with prediction performance comparable to that of FaceReader, a commercial AI model that estimates dimensional affective states based on a different approach. We constructed a graphical user interface to show real-time affective valence and arousal states by analyzing facial video data. Our model is the first distributable AI model for sensing affective valence and arousal from facial images/videos to be developed based on an empirical database; we anticipate that it will have many practical uses, such as in mental health monitoring and marketing research.
A Cross-Machine Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Method with Small and Imbalanced Data Based on the ResFCN Deep Transfer Learning Model
Authors: Zhao Juanru , Yuan Mei , Cui Yiwen , Cui Jin
Published: February 2025

Intelligent fault diagnosis (IFD) for mechanical equipment based on small and imbalanced datasets has been widely studied in recent years, with transfer learning emerging as one of the most promising approaches. Existing transfer learning-based IFD methods typically use data from different operating conditions of the same equipment as the source and target domains for the transfer learning process. However, in practice, it is often challenging to find identical equipment to obtain source domain data when diagnosing faults in the target equipment. These strict assumptions pose significant limitations on the application of IFD techniques in real-world industrial settings. Furthermore, the temporal characteristics of time-series monitoring data are often inadequately considered in existing methods. In this paper, we propose a cross-machine IFD method based on a residual full convolutional neural network (ResFCN) transfer learning model, which leverages the time-series features of monitoring data. By incorporating sliding window (SW)-based data segmentation, network pretraining, and model fine-tuning, the proposed method effectively exploits fault-associated general features in the source domain and learns domain-specific patterns that better align with the target domain, ultimately achieving accurate fault diagnosis for the target equipment. We design and implement three sets of experiments using two widely used public datasets. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing approaches in terms of fault diagnosis accuracy and robustness.
Electric Motor Vibration Signal Classification Using Wigner–Ville Distribution for Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Wu Jian-Da , Luo Wen-Jun , Yao Kai-Chao
Published: February 2025

Noise and vibration signal classification can be applied to fault diagnosis in mechanical and electronic systems such as electric vehicles. Traditional signal classification technology uses signal time and frequency domain characteristics as the identification basis. This study proposes a technique for visualizing sound signals using the Wigner–Ville distribution (WVD) method to extract vibration signal characteristics and artificial neural networks as the signal classification basis. A brushless motor is used as the machinery power source to verify the feasibility of this method to classify different signal vibration characteristics. In this experimental work, six states in various brushless motor revolutions were deliberately designed for measuring vibration signals. The brushless motor vibration signal is imaged using the WVD analysis method to extract the vibration signal characteristics. Through the WVD method, the brushless motor data is converted, and the YOLO (you only look once) deep coiling machine neural method is used to identify and classify the brushless motor WVD images. The Wagener analysis method parameters and recognition rates are discussed, thereby improving accurate motor fault diagnostic capabilities. This research provides a method for fault diagnosis that can be accurately performed without dismantling the brushless motor. The proposed approach can improve the reliability and stability of brushless motor applications.
Localization of Rock Acoustic Emission Sources Based on a Spaced Sensors System Consisting of Two Combined Receivers and a Hydrophone
Authors: Marapulets Yuri , Shcherbina Albert , Solodchuk Alexandra , Mishchenko Mikhail
Published: February 2025

The paper considers the results of experiments on localization of the sources of geoacoustic radiation generated in near-surface sedimentary rocks. Geoacoustic signals from sources were recorded by a spaced sensor system consisting of two combined receivers and a hydrophone. The system was installed near the bottom of a natural water body (Mikizha lake) in Kamchatka. Radiation sources were located by two methods, a triangulation survey and estimation of the signal arrival time difference from spaced receivers. Coordinates for more than 40 sources were measured, and their space distribution was mapped. As the result of the experiment, it was stated that geoacoustic radiation sources are located in bottom rocks at the depths up to 2.20 ± 0.25 m at the distances of up to 8 ± 0.25 m. Localization of geoacoustic radiation sources is topical for projecting a new alarm system for the notification on the possibility of strong earthquake occurrence. The results of the analysis of the frequency of rock AE source generation and accurate estimation of their location will be the basis of this system.
Rhythms, Patterns and Styles in the Jaw Movement Activity of Beef Cattle on Rangeland as Revealed by Acoustic Monitoring
Authors: Ungar Eugene David , Nevo Ynon
Published: February 2025

Grazing shapes rangelands globally, but it is difficult to study. Acoustic monitoring enables grazing to be described in terms of jaw movements, which are fundamental to how herbivores interact with their foraging environment. In an observational study on Mediterranean herbaceous rangeland, 10 beef cattle cows were monitored continuously over multiple days in two seasons. The algorithm used to analyze the acoustic signal furnished (without classification) a data sample of ≈5 M ingestive and ruminatory jaw movements. These were analyzed as between-event intervals and as minutely rates. The rumination displayed a consistent, strong rhythm and pattern of jaw movements. In contrast, there was no single “signature” jaw movement pattern for grazing (i.e., non-rumination). Although the underlying natural rhythm of rumination dominated non-rumination, it was intermittently and irregularly interrupted by longer intervals, whose size scaled logarithmically. There was evidence of further substructure, with a degree of separation between “grazing” and “resting” in the conventional sense. Three broad grazing styles emerged. In the “intense” style, animals sustained long runs of jaw movements in the natural rhythm, with relatively few interruptions. In the “regular” style, comprising the majority of non-rumination jaw activity, the natural rhythm still dominated, but was punctuated at irregular intervals by eruptions of somewhat longer intervals. The “diffuse” style comprised shorter runs in the natural rhythm, punctuated by highly erratic intervals spanning orders of magnitude. When the jaw movement events were viewed as minutely rates, the non-rumination population showed strong bimodality in the distribution of non-zero rates, with peaks at ≈60 and ≈15 jaw movements min−1, suggesting two modes of grazing. The results strongly support the notion of behavioral grazing intensity and call into question the approach of viewing grazing as a binary state or expecting measures of grazing time to be strongly indicative of intake rate. Rate- and interval-based analyses of information at the jaw movement level can yield a penetrating profile of how an animal interacts with its foraging environment, epitomized in a graphical formulation termed the time accumulation curve. These results strengthen the case for the further development of this sensor technology.
Fully Incomplete Information for Multiview Clustering in Postoperative Liver Tumor Diagnoses
Authors: Li Siyuan , Li Xinde
Published: February 2025

Multiview clustering (MVC) is a proven, effective approach to boosting the various downstream tasks given by unlabeled data. In contemporary society, domain-specific multiview data, such as multiphase postoperative liver tumor contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) images, may be vulnerable to exploitation by illicit organizations or may not be comprehensively collected due to patient privacy concerns. Thus, these can be modeled as incomplete multiview clustering (IMVC) problems. Most existing IMVC methods have three issues: (1) most methods rely on paired views, which are often unavailable in clinical practice; (2) directly predicting the features of missing views may omit key features; and (3) recovered views still have subtle differences from the originals. To overcome these challenges, we proposed a novel framework named fuzzy clustering combined with information theory arithmetic based on feature reconstruction (FCITAFR). Specifically, we propose a method for reconstructing the characteristics of prevailing perspectives for each sample. Based on this, we utilized the reconstructed features to predict the missing views. Then, based on the predicted features, we used variational fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM) combined with information theory to learn the mutual information among views. The experimental results indicate the advantages of FCITAFR in comparison to state-of-the-art methods, on both in-house and external datasets, in terms of accuracy (ACC) (77.5%), normalized mutual information (NMI) (37.9%), and adjusted rand index (ARI) (29.5%).
Implementing Anomaly-Based Intrusion Detection for Resource-Constrained Devices in IoMT Networks
Authors: Zachos Georgios , Mantas Georgios , Porfyrakis Kyriakos , Rodriguez Jonathan
Published: February 2025

Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) technology has emerged from the introduction of the Internet of Things in the healthcare sector. However, the resource-constrained characteristics and heterogeneity of IoMT networks make these networks susceptible to various types of threats. Thus, it is necessary to develop novel security solutions (e.g., efficient and accurate Anomaly-based Intrusion Detection Systems), considering the inherent limitations of IoMT networks, before these networks reach their full potential in the market. In this paper, we propose an AIDS specifically designed for resource-constrained devices within IoMT networks. The proposed lightweight AIDS leverages novelty detection and outlier detection algorithms instead of conventional classification algorithms to achieve (a) enhanced detection performance against both known and unknown attack patterns and (b) minimal computational costs.
Characterization of a Densely Packed Photovoltaic Array with RXX Homogenizer in a High-Flux Solar Furnace
Authors: Anguera Romero Ernesto , Cisneros-Cárdenas Nidia Aracely , Estrada Gasca Claudio A.
Published: February 2025

A theoretical and experimental evaluation was conducted on a prototype radiative flux homogenizer (HOFRAC) specifically designed for the Solar Furnace at Instituto de Energías Renovables (HoSIER) of Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. The development of HOFRAC included three versions (HOFRAC-PRO, HOFRAC-PRI, and HOFRAC-PRIK); each iteration incorporated improvements based on theoretical modeling and experimental results. Evaluations were performed using ray-tracing simulations and experimental tests capturing radiative flux distribution images. The last two versions were used to characterize a densely packed photovoltaic array operated in the solar furnace. Some results of this study show that misaligned mirrors in the furnace were identified as the main problem in achieving a high flux uniformity degree for photovoltaic concentration applications.
Study of the Load During Official Competition in Professional Women’s Basketball—A Case Study
Authors: López-Sierra Pablo , Jiménez-Sáiz Sergio L. , García-Rubio Javier , Piñar María Isabel , Ibáñez Sergio J.
Published: February 2025

Background: Basketball matches involve numerous conditioning factors which, when put together, make for a complex prediction event. However, unraveling all these elements in different studies allows the control of certain conditioning factors of the game, giving rise to more stable and controlled games. Objectives: Due to the absence of studies that analyze professional matches in women’s basketball, the aim of the present research is to analyze the influence of the result, partial result and specific positions on the load in official competition between two women’s teams that play a match simultaneously. Methods: Using an ex post facto design, 19 professional players were measured in an official match of the Spanish second division of women’s basketball, monitoring both opponents simultaneously, obtaining at all times the contrast of loads between both teams. Inertial devices were used to measure the external and internal load of each player. Parametric and non-parametric statistical difference analyses were performed, as well as two linear mixed models. Results: The results reveal significant differences in external loading when loads are analyzed as a function of match outcome. Differences between external and internal load are found when taking into account specific positions, and when including several comparisons in the analysis. The team that obtained the highest kinematic and neuromuscular load demands was the one that won the match. The specific position of guard obtained a greater physical load at the end of the match than the centers. Conclusions: Coaches should prioritize high-intensity training that replicates match demands, considering positional differences in workload to optimize player conditioning and recovery strategies for sustained performance.
Living in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods: Experiential Narratives of Residents Facing Daily, Economic, Environmental, and Social Challenges
Authors: Legendre Anne-Laure , Combes Benjamin , Remvikos Yorghos
Published: February 2025

Being both a driver and a manifestation of the current ecological, climate, and social crises, urban sustainability has become a major contemporary issue. Rather than framing the challenges that populations are confronted to as external factors, especially in deprived and segregated neighborhoods, we collected narratives about their experience of their living environments. Our work assumed an innovative interdisciplinary perspective in response to the complex interconnexions of the issues at stake. We aimed to highlight the significance of a situated perspective and an experience-based approach to fully embrace the idea of a research engaged with and for the communities, especially those suffering from marginalization and social deprivation. Our empirical results, rooted in expressions of place attachment (or not), in four disadvantaged neighborhoods in France, are presented in the form of a heuristic device, a non-normative framework that iteratively produced a representation with six dimensions that we called feelings. Together, they can be used to explore the manifestations of well-being, through place attachment related to one’s living environment, in a relational and open way, as people make sense of their place and possibly engage in its defense. We suggest further attention should be directed to concepts such as agency, freedom, and social recognition, as major conditions of the possibility of well-being or leading a good life. These dimensions could be major targets for policies trying to respond to the current sustainability challenges, such as social and environmental justice in the face of an unequal and changing world.
Kaolin Waste Applied as Support for Photocatalytic Materials
Authors: Maia Mariana Braz , do Nascimento Jessica Luisa Alves , da Silva Adervando Sebastião , dos Santos Ieda Maria Garcia
Published: February 2025

Kaolin is a common mineral resource that is used commercially. However, when processed, it generates a large amount of waste, usually rich in kaolinite, mica and quartz, which gives rise to the need to manage and reuse these mineral residues, in agreement with the SDG 12/UN (ensuring sustainable consumption and production) requirements. Therefore, this work aims to explore how to add value to this residue via its use as a photocatalytic support for TiO2, while also meeting the SDG 6 (clean water and sanitization) requirements. After determination of its chemical and mineralogical composition, the residue underwent mineralogical separation, by mechanical stirring and sieving of its aqueous suspension. After separation, TiO2 was deposited on the quartz fraction of the residue by the modified-Pechini method, using different quartz proportions and at different calcination temperatures. For the deposition of TiO2 on the mica fraction, the conventional hydrothermal synthesis was used, with 20% of the mica. Each material was tested in a photohydroxilation of terephthalic acid under UV-C irradiation to evaluate the formation of hydroxyl radicals. The results of the photocatalytic tests demonstrated that quartz and mica are inert to photocatalysis but provide an interesting support for TiO2. The highest photocatalytic efficiency was obtained for the material synthesized at 600 °C with 20% of the quartz.