bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why the Discretion Mix Matters: Understanding the Transformation of Long-term Care Services
Authors: Choi Young Jun , Choi Hyejin
Published: August 2019

This study aims to extend the concept of discretion, ie, a certain degree of freedom in crucial decisions left to specific actors, to understand and examine the transformation of social care services in the era of aging and austerity. Although previous studies have reviewed and analyzed changes in care provision, they have been less concerned with who has the authority to make care decisions in the implementation process. We propose a new theoretical concept, the discretion mix, to understand the realignment of social care services beyond simply tracking institutional changes. Using a case study approach, this research investigates how the discretion mix of the Korean long-term care system has changed and the consequences of these changes; in addition, it discusses why the discretion mix can be a useful concept for analyzing the changing landscape of social care services.
Media Effects Across Time and Subject: How News Coverage Affects Two Out of Four Attributes of Consumer Confidence
Authors: Boukes Mark , Damstra Alyt , Vliegenthart Rens
Published: August 2019

Previous studies using aggregate-level designs demonstrated that the tone of economic news affects consumer confidence. However, the individual-level mechanisms underlying this effect remain to be investigated: It is not clear which consumer confidence attributes are most susceptible to media effects. Theoretically, we integrate the economic voting literature and extend media system dependency by differentiating between the media effects on sociotropic versus egocentric evaluations and the effects on prospective versus retrospective economic evaluations. Methodologically, data from a manual content analysis are linked to data from a three-wave panel survey, containing repeated measurements of consumer confidence. The findings demonstrate that the effects of tone on consumer confidence are largely a consequence of media effects on its sociotropic and prospective attributes: As citizens were exposed to relatively more positive economic news, only the national economic evaluations and expectations for the future improved. The egocentric and retrospective evaluations were not influenced by the tone in news that people had been exposed to.
Predicting Health and Wellness Outcomes for Probation and Parole Officers: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Denney Andrew S. , Copenhaver Allen , Schwendau Angie
Published: August 2019

Probation and parole research in the late 1980s and early 1990s explored the negative health and wellness effects that officers may experience. However, little current research exists on health and wellness outcomes for probation and parole officers. Furthermore, little research has been conducted on the factors that may predict health and wellness for probation and parole officers. This study provides survey results of 342 probation and parole officers working for one probation and parole department in a southern U.S. state. Binary logistic regression results reveal officer age and tobacco use are significant predictors of officer injury. Moreover, sex, alcohol use, fast food consumption, sleep, and feeling in control of one’s job are significant predictors of self-reported officer depression. Policy implications for the above-mentioned findings and future directions for research are also discussed.
Performance comparison of electric-vehicle drivetrain architectures from a vehicle dynamics perspective
Authors: Bayar Kerem
Published: August 2019

Recent electric vehicle studies in literature utilize electric motors within an anti-lock braking system, traction-control system, and/or vehicle-stability controller scheme. Electric motors are used as hub motors, on-board motors, or axle motors prior to the differential. This has led to the need for comparing these different drivetrain architectures with each other from a vehicle dynamics standpoint. With this background in place, using MATLAB simulations, these three drivetrain architectures are compared with each other in this study. In anti-lock braking system and vehicle-stability controller simulations, different control approaches are utilized to blend the electric motor torque with hydraulic brake torque; motor ABS, torque decomposition, and optimal slip-tracking control strategies. The results for the anti-lock braking system simulations can be summarized as follows: (1) Motor ABS strategy improves the stopping distance compared to the standard anti-lock braking system. (2) In case the motors are not solely capable of providing the required braking torque, torque decomposition strategy becomes a good solution. (3) Optimal slip-tracking control strategy improves the stopping distance remarkably compared to the standard anti-lock braking system, motor anti-lock braking system, and torque decomposition strategies for all architectures. The vehicle-stability controller simulation results can be summarized as follows: (1) higher affective wheel inertia of the on-board and hub motor architecture dictates a higher need of wheel torque in order to generate the tire force required for the desired yaw rate tracking. A higher level of torque causes a higher level of tire slip. (2) Optimal slip-tracking control strategy reduces the tire slip trends drastically and distributes the traction/braking action to each tire with the control-allocation algorithm specifying the reference slip values. This reduces reference tire slip-tracking error and reduces vehicle sideslip angle. (3) Tire slip trends are lower with the hub motor architecture, compared to the other architectures, due to more precise slip control.
Can Celebrities Set the Agenda?
Authors: Nownes Anthony J.
Published: August 2019

Why do some issues make it on to the public agenda while others do not? While this question has received a great deal of research attention, a definitive answer remains elusive. In this paper, I conduct a posttest only, control group survey experiment to test the hypothesis that popular celebrities can increase the chances that an issue jumps from the media agenda to the public agenda by speaking out publicly about the importance of the issue. My results confirm the hypothesis. By “spotlighting” certain issues, popular celebrities can indeed affect which issues reach the public agenda.
Water Matters: thinking with water Class Experience
Authors: Roca-Servat Denisse , Golovátina-Mora Polina
Published: August 2019

This article revisits a co-learning experience of a graduate course on the political ecology of water at the Master’s program in Development Studies in a Colombian private university which employed a thinking with water teaching methodology based on the ontological-epistemological-methodological unity. Water as a nearly universal solvent not only conditions life on the planet but also defines human imaginary. The physical characteristics of water such as its fluidity, plasticity, and conductivity enable a multidimensional, nonlineal, and relational thought. Because of its universal familiarity and its indispensability for life, water offers intuitive ways of knowing. The revision of the class experience showed that the materiality of water affects the dynamic of the course. It supports the idea of the performativity (Barad) of our knowledge about Self and the world. Spontaneous and resistant, water clears hidden, silenced, or ignored meanings of both social and environmental relations and, so, stimulates critical self-reflection, catalyzes social change, and promotes social justice.
A commentary on ‘A systematic review examining the association between body image and infant feeding methods (breastfeeding vs. bottle-feeding)’
Authors: Bigman Galya , Homedes Nuria , Wilkinson Anna V
Published: August 2019

A systematic review is a valuable and influential research method that aims to identify and synthesize all literature relevant to the research question at hand. A well-conducted systematic review benefits the scientific community by providing a summary of all the existing evidence as well as generating new hypotheses and highlighting gaps in the literature. However, when a systematic review does not adhere to the recommended guidelines, it may introduce selection bias and generate false conclusions. Here, we present a commentary on a systematic review by the scholars Morley-Hewitt and Owen titled ‘ A systematic review examining the association between female body image and the intention, initiation, and duration of postpartum infant feeding methods (breastfeeding vs. bottle-feeding)’ that included nine peer-reviewed articles but missed at least eight other peer-reviewed articles that aligned with their study aim, and therefore introduced selection bias in the review. To complete the missing piece, we provide a short summary of these additional articles and describe how they align with this systematic review.
The durability of seawater sea-sand concrete beams reinforced with metal bars or non-metal bars in the ocean environment
Authors: Dong Zhiqiang , Wu Gang , Zhao Xiao-Ling , Zhu Hong , Lian Jin-Long
Published: August 2019

In this article, the flexural durability of three types of seawater sea-sand concrete beams that were fully reinforced with steel bars, 304 stainless steel bars, or fiber-reinforced polymer bars were comparatively tested. Beam specimens were conditioned in a 40°C seawater wet–dry cycling environment and a 50°C seawater immersion environment for up to 9 months with an interval of 3 months. The test results showed that in the absence of an additional current (even if the temperature is elevated), the flexural properties of the seawater sea-sand concrete beams reinforced with steel bars and stainless steel bars after 9 months of conditioning did not show any degradation trends. However, for the carbon fiber–reinforced polymer bar–reinforced beams (top bars and stirrups are both basalt fiber–reinforced polymer bars) conditioned in the high-temperature and high-humidity environment considered, the failure modes changed from concrete crushing in the pure bending section to concrete crushing at loading points in the shear span with a maximum reduction of 30% in the ultimate load-carrying capacity. In addition, the crack distribution of conditioned carbon fiber–reinforced polymer bar–reinforced beams became sparse, and the crack width increased significantly, with a maximum of 2.2 times. In addition, obvious sudden load drops were observed in the tested load–displacement curves.
We Got Your Back! Help Care Seeking and Caregiving in Mexican Indigenous Men With Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Matamoros-Sanin Joan Francisco , Figueroa-Perea Juan Guillermo , Pacheco-Tena César , Peláez-Ballestas Ingris
Published: August 2019

This article presents a study on the care provided by 11 men from different ethnic, health, and socioeconomic backgrounds to two indigenous Rarámuri males with ankylosing spondylitis. This chronic muscular and bone disease is known to evolve progressively, causing disability and immense suffering to the affected individual. Through anthropological research involving ethnographic description and interviews conducted in an urban setting of the City of Chihuahua in the state of Chihuahua, caring practices performed by men that contest prior assumptions about how men relate to each other in relation to their health and masculinity were encountered. To interpret findings, a “caring of the self” framework, along with elements of the discussion of personhood and masculinities, was used; this led to an analysis made through the elaboration of meaningful coding of patterns of caring practices.

The patterns identified in the ethnographic data were organized into four groups, all of which represented caring practices performed by these men. The first three groups involve access to food, money, and infrastructure goods, which have a material nature that holds a positive relation to the well-being of the two Rarámuri males in regard to the implications of their disease. The last group is unique in that it pertains to circumstantial factors that required improvisations in the forms of favors exchanged by these males that also positively related to their well-being
Bilateral Cavernous Sinus Syndrome, Pituitary Macroadenoma, and Postoperative Loss of Vision: A Case Report
Authors: Moldan Matthew M. , Stewart Thomas M. , Kor Todd M. , Brown Michael J.
Published: August 2019

Postoperative vision loss is a rare complication. When visual loss does occur, it is rarely associated with ophthalmoplegia. We report a case of postoperative bilateral visual field deficits with concomitant complete bilateral ophthalmoplegia in a patient with a known pituitary macroadenoma after surgical excision of a small cell carcinoma of the bladder. Emergency postoperative imaging showed that the macroadenoma had increased in size and was associated with new right optic nerve edema. The patient underwent urgent excision of the macroadenoma 5 days after the onset of symptoms. Visual field deficits and associated ophthalmoplegia had completely resolved at 3-month follow-up.
Research assessment in a National Health Service organisation: a process for learning and accountability
Authors: Allbutt Helen , Irvine Stewart
Published: August 2019

This paper describes the only known research assessment exercise to be undertaken by a health board. There is a growing imperative to evidence the impact of national health services, but no formal mechanism exists to quality-rate research or assess its effect on practice. This study describes how one healthcare organisation adapted a research impact framework along with impact dimensions and impact indicators to better identify research outcomes and account for research funding.

We know that research findings rarely impact on practice in a linear manner, that their effects are difficult to measure, and that they need adaptation within practice and professional contexts before use. We found that while links to practice and professional settings within our health board were strong, researchers tended not to plan for specific outcomes or impacts at project conception. Hence, although influence on practice and policy did occur, this seemed to be the result of extempore processes. This is despite an increasing emphasis in the health service on accountability in an era of severe financial constraint. Most of our successful research outcomes arose when researchers engaged in active dissemination with different audiences including end users and opinion/senior leaders.

The findings of this research assessment are helping us to better consider dissemination and knowledge translation strategies at the outset of projects. Being able to evidence specific research outcomes to senior managers and board members is enabling us to continue our modest investment in health services research.
Why do social scientists organise knowledge exchange events? A qualitative interview study
Authors: Tindal Scott
Published: August 2019

Organising and participating in Knowledge Exchange (KE) events represent a considerable commitment by social science academics. Yet academics’ participation in KE activities is not professionally rewarded as are other academic endeavours, so why do they do it? Understanding academics’ perspectives regarding their own motivations for engaging in KE activities is a lacuna within the literature which this article begins to address. Drawing on qualitative interview data with social scientists working within the Centre for Population Change (CPC), the analysis presented in this paper develops a typology of academics’ motivations for committing to organise and host KE events. These are: (1) contractual obligation to research funders; (2) professional self-interest; (3) to recompense society. Their narratives are interpreted through a conceptual framework of the institutionalisation of KE practices through the impact agenda which has shifted institutional expectations and professional norms regarding ‘good academic practice’ within contemporary academia. This paper concludes that the institutional, political, and cultural landscape in which KE events exist has considerable consequences for how academics come to commit to such activities. Understanding this environment can add to our understanding of why academics participate in KE events, and thus why they happen at all.
Diffuse Villous Tumor Arising in Barrett's Esophagus Presenting With Aspiration Pneumonitis
Authors: Kaila Vishal , Thosani Nirav , Feldman Mark
Published: August 2019

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is associated with an increased incidence of adenocarcinoma. The dysplasia in BE that precedes cancer is usually endoscopically flat. Unlike in the colon, polypoid dysplastic lesions superimposed on BE are uncommon. Furthermore, villous tumors of the esophagus are rare, and few cases have been reported in the literature. We report an 85-year-old man who was found to have a circumferential villiform-appearing esophageal tumor with mucus secretions with recurrent bronchopulmonary aspiration. A diffuse villiform tumor of the entire esophagus with mucin production is rare and, to our knowledge, has not been previously described in the literature.
How Did Deciduous Rubber Plantations Expand Spatially in China's Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture During 1991–2016?
Authors: Xiao Chiwei , Li Peng , Feng Zhiming
Published: August 2019

Rubber plantations have experienced continuous expansion in Xishuangbanna, in southwestern China, since the 1950s. However, the question of how the establishment of adventive rubber trees has spatially expanded in the margin of the Asian tropics in recent decades is not clearly understood.
Here, a robust phenology-based algorithm—namely the change rate of the Landsat-derived normalized burn ratio—was modified based on tri-windows (i.e., predefoliation, defoliation, and foliation) and then used to discriminate deciduous rubber plantations from other land cover types
by applying a threshold of 1.0 and combining Landsat-based forest masks every five years during 1991–2016. Deciduous rubber plantations increased more than 6.6 times, approximately 3074 km2 in 2016, or at an annual rate of about 8% (104 km2/year) in Xishuangbanna
over that period, showing two typical expansion trends toward both higher (over 1000 m) and lower (below 600 m) elevations and increasingly spread to borderlands with Laos and Myanmar.
Pengaruh Variasi Gula Pasir Terhadap Waktu Pengomposan Ditinjau Dari Rasio C/N Pada Sampah Sayuran di Pasar Jati Banyumanik Dengan Penambahan Bioaktivator Lingkungan
Authors: Hadiwidodo Mochtar , Sutrisno Endro , Sabrina Azzura
Published: August 2019

Sampah sayuran di Pasar Jati Banyumanik biasa dibuang tanpa dilakukan pemanfaatan dan pengolahan. Sampah sayuran dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pengomposan karena memiliki kandungan karbon, nitrogen, fosfor dan kalium yang dibutuhkan oleh tanaman dan kesuburan tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi gula pasir terhadap waktu pengomposan ditinjau dari rasio c/n pada sampah sayuran di Pasar Jati Banyumanik dengan penambahan bioaktivator lingkungan. Variasi gula pasir yang digunakan yaitu 0 gram, 20 gram, 30 gram, 40 gram, 50 gram, dan 60 gram. Proses pengomposan dilakukan selama 14 hari. Kompos yang diperoleh dianalisis  suhu, pH, kadar air, C-Organik, N-Total, P-Total, K-Total, penyusutan kompos, warna dan bau. Hasil analisis dibandingkan dengan SNI 19-7030-2004. Analisis kompos dilakukan pada hari ke 0, 3, 7, 10, dan 14. Waktu kematangan kompos optimum ditinjau dari rasio c/n yang dapat dicapai kompos dengan variasi gula pasir sebanyak 40 gram pada reaktor G3. Seluruh parameter yang diuji telah memenuhi standar kompos matang SNI 19-7030-2004.
European Union Litigation
Authors: Hacker Philipp , Kas Betül
Published: August 2019

This article provides an overview of cases decided by the Court of Justice of the European Union concerning contract law. The present issue covers the period between the beginning of February and the end of June 2019.
Effect of Acid Slag Treatment on the Inclusions in GCr15 Bearing Steel
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Jing , Ge Jinpeng , Zheng Dingli
Published: August 2019

By laboratory slag/steel reaction equilibrim experiments, the viriation of oxygen content, inclusion compositions and inclusion sizes were studied. The effect of acid slag treatment on the transition mechanisms of D-type inclusions and the precipitation of TiN inclusions in GCr15 bearing steel were explored. The obtained results showed that the dominant inclusions in steel were plastic and smaller Al2O3-SiO2-MnO. The melting point were lower than 1400°C treated by the acid refining slag of 35.1%CaO-15%Al2O3-43.9%SiO2-6%MgO and there was no TiN found. The evolution of MgO·Al2O3 inclusions is: MgO·Al2O3
→ MgO·Al2O3·SiO2·MnO→ Al2O3·SiO2·MnO. Mg and Al from MgO·Al2O3 inclusions were displaced by [Si] and [Mn] in steel liquid , and formation of plastic Al2O3-SiO2-MnO inclusions finally, whose compositions distribution were uniform. Mg and Si, Mn were complementary in inclusions as to the spatial distribution.
Maintenance of Melanocyte Stem Cell Quiescence by GABA-A Signaling in Larval Zebrafish
Authors: Allen James R , Skeath James B , Johnson Stephen L
Published: August 2019

In larval zebrafish, melanocyte stem cells (MSCs) are quiescent, but can be recruited to regenerate the larval pigment pattern following melanocyte ablation. Through pharmacological experiments, we found that inhibition of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptor function, specifically the GABA-A ρ subtype, induces excessive melanocyte production in larval zebrafish. Conversely, pharmacological activation of GABA-A inhibited melanocyte regeneration. We used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 to generate two mutant alleles of gabrr1, a subtype of GABA-A receptors. Both alleles exhibited robust melanocyte overproduction, while conditional overexpression of gabrr1 inhibited larval melanocyte regeneration. Our data suggest that gabrr1 signaling is necessary to maintain MSC quiescence and sufficient to reduce, but not eliminate, melanocyte regeneration in larval zebrafish.
PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC APPROACHES AND THE EFFECTS ON INSPIRATORY MUSCLE FORCE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IN THE PRE-OPERATIVE PREPARATION FOR ABDOMINAL SURGICAL PROCEDURES
Authors: KALIL-FILHO Faruk Abrão , CAMPOS Antônio Carlos Ligocki , TAMBARA Elizabeth Milla , TOMÉ Bruna Karoline Alves , TREML Cleiton José , KURETZKI Carlos Henrique , FURLAN Fernanda Luiza Schumacher , ALBUQUERQUE Jocilene Pedroso , MALAFAIA Osvaldo
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT Background: Abdominal disorders can alter respiratory function and increase the morbidity and mortality of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Aim: To improve the physiotherapeutic and muscular capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary muscular inspiration in the preoperative preparation in abdominal surgeries. Method: Retrospective and documentary study using SINPE © , clinical database software of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and candidates to abdominal operation. The sample consisted of 100 men aged 55-70 years, all with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who underwent preoperative physiotherapeutic treatment. They were divided into two groups of 50 individuals (group A and group B). In group A the patients were treated with modern mobility techniques for bronchial clearance and the strengthening of the respiratory muscles was performed with IMT ® Threshold. In group B the treatment performed for bronchial obstruction was with classic maneuvers and for the strengthening of the respiratory muscles for flow incentive was used Respiron ® . Results: Both groups obtained improvement in the values of the PiMáx after the different treatments. Group A obtained greater change in the intervals and a more significant increase of the values of the PiMax in relation to the average pre and post-treatment. However, when analyzing the variance and the standard deviation of the samples, group B presented the best results showing more homogeneity. Conclusions: The modern and traditional bronchial clearance techniques associated with inspiratory muscle training were equally effective in gaining inspiratory muscle strength with increased Pmax. In this way, the two can be used in the preoperative preparation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and referred to abdominal operations.
FAILURE AFTER FUNDOPLICATION: RE-FUNDOPLICATION? IS THERE A ROOM FOR GASTRECTOMY? IN WHICH CLINICAL SCENARIES?
Authors: BRAGHETTO Italo , CSENDES Attila
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT Background: Re-fundoplication is the most often procedure performed after failed fundoplication, but re-failure is even higher. Aim: The objectives are: a) to discuss the results of fundoplication and re-fundoplication in these cases, and b) to analyze in which clinical situation there is a room for gastrectomy after failed fundoplication. Method: This experience includes 104 patients submitted to re-fundoplication after failure of the initial operation, 50 cases of long segment Barrett´s esophagus and 60 patients with morbid obesity, comparing the postoperative outcome in terms of clinical, endoscopic, manometric and 24h pH monitoring results. Results: In patients with failure after initial fundoplication, redo-fundoplication shows the worst clinical results (symptoms, endoscopic esophagitis, manometry and 24 h pH monitoring). In patients with long segment Barrett´s esophagus, better results were observed after fundoplication plus Roux-en-Y distal gastrectomy and in obese patients similar results regarding symptoms, endoscopic esophagitis and 24h pH monitoring were observed after both fundoplication plus distal gastrectomy or laparoscopic resectional gastric bypass, while regarding manometry, normal LES pressure was observed only after fundoplication plus distal gastrectomy. Conclusion: Distal gastrectomy is recommended for patients with failure after initial fundoplication, patients with long segment Barrett´s esophagus and obese patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett´s esophagus. Despite its higher morbidity, this procedure represents an important addition to the surgical armamentarium.
A ordem e a desordem da natureza: o sertão e a Amazônia em Gastão Cruls
Authors: Paiva Marco Aurélio Coelho
Published: August 2019

Resumo O artigo busca analisar o início da carreira literária de Gastão Cruls e identificar, a partir das suas primeiras publicações, inclusive de seu primeiro romance, os conflitos de ordem profissional a interferir na sua produção literária. Em paralelo com tais inquietações e angústias, então responsáveis por certa cisão do autor entre a medicina e a literatura, também são considerados na análise o modo como a temática dos sertões articulou-se em contraposição à figuração de uma nova realidade urbana surgida no Brasil nos anos 1920. A convergência de tais fatores de ordem subjetiva e objetiva parecem ganhar na obra do autor uma resolução inicial pela via de uma literatura fantástica então emergente.
Doenças raras, drogas órfãs e as políticas para avaliação e incorporação de tecnologias nos sistemas de saúde
Authors: Novaes Hillegonda Maria Dutilh , Soárez Patrícia Coelho de
Published: August 2019

Resumo O texto se propõe a discutir o problema das doenças raras e drogas órfãs no contexto da ciência e da prática médica, sobretudo no que se refere ao desenvolvimento tecnológico produzido nesse âmbito, e ao processo de avaliação e incorporação de tecnologias nos sistemas de saúde. Esses processos têm gerado impactos importantes sobre a teoria, prática e políticas da Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde (ATS). Desenvolveu-se um estudo teórico, baseado em revisão de literatura das áreas da Medicina, Sociologia da Medicina, Ciência e Tecnologia em Saúde e Saúde Coletiva, com o objetivo de discutir esta questão a partir de uma abordagem interdisciplinar. Entre as doenças raras, foram privilegiadas aquelas decorrentes de alterações genéticas, por constituírem casos paradigmáticos para a compreensão dos desafios implicados à Medicina. A partir dos anos 1970, ocorreram mudanças significativas nas formas de diagnosticar, classificar e conhecer essas doenças, nas perspectivas clínica, laboratorial e epidemiológica, bem como nas propostas de tecnologias de prevenção e intervenção desenvolvidas. A ATS desenvolveu-se a partir de 1970 como uma área de conhecimentos e práticas, visando contribuir para o embasamento científico e institucional das políticas de inovação nos sistemas de saúde. Os países têm enfrentado desafios relacionados à sustentabilidade dos seus sistemas de saúde, impulsionados pelo desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico e inovações médicas, pelo poder econômico e político das indústrias, por expectativas aumentadas, populações envelhecidas e desigualdades políticas e sociais. Discursos que expressam diferentes visões científica, tecnológica e política na medicina e nas políticas de saúde colocam dificuldades para o diálogo. Enquanto isso, a sociedade, marginalizada do mundo dos especialistas, enfrenta muitos problemas em compreender, fazer-se ouvir e participar da construção de novas perspectivas sobre a saúde e a doença, que respondam aos seus problemas.
O sonho como uma produção social
Authors: Barreiros Bruno Costa , Previatti Débora
Published: August 2019

Resumo Considerando a expressão onírica como uma realidade individual intrinsecamente social, Lahire propõe uma fórmula geral que ambiciona uma melhor compreensão do processo de fabricação dos sonhos. Para isso, a argumentação do autor, apresentada e discutida nessa resenha, contempla desde um retorno crítico a Freud até a sistematização de uma perspectiva disposicionalista-contextualista, na qual os relatos oníricos e seus contextos de produção adquirem destaque analítico.
Ocupação inicial das Américas sob uma perspectiva bioarqueológica
Authors: Da-Gloria Pedro
Published: August 2019

Resumo A ocupação das Américas tem sido discutida cientificamente desde o século XIX, gerando uma infinidade de modelos explicativos. Por outro lado, há limitações das evidências empíricas das primeiras ocupações, causadas por problemas depreservação e pela baixa visibilidade arqueológica. Nesse aspecto, o uso de dados biológicos de populações humanas atuais e antigas tem fornecido informações cruciais para a interpretação dessas primeiras ocupações. Sob uma perspectivabioarqueológica, ou seja, através do estudo dos remanescentes biológicos humanos em contexto arqueológico, este texto sintetiza o atual entendimento sobre a rota de entrada, a data de entrada inicial, o número de migrações, a subsistência eos rituais mortuários dos primeiros americanos. Os resultados desse panorama sintético indicam que há temáticas de alto consenso (rota de entrada), de consenso intermediário (data de entrada) e de baixo consenso (número de migrações).Por outro lado, temáticas como a saúde e o modo de vida dos habitantes antigos das Américas ainda carecem de estudos mais aprofundados. Este texto ressalta a importância do conhecimento bioarqueológico para a formulação de modelosde ocupação, buscando incorporar de forma equilibrada evidências da América do Sul e do Norte.
Os fragmentos da história: primeiras notas etnográficas sobre os Tupi e Tupi Guarani
Authors: Bertapeli Vladimir
Published: August 2019

Resumo Nesta nota de pesquisa, apresento parte de uma etnografia histórica que, atualmente, venho desenvolvendo com os Tupi e os Tupi Guarani das aldeias localizadas em diversos pontos do litoral e do interior de São Paulo. O que segue é uma tentativa de reconstituir o processo de formação das identidades homônimas ocorrido entre os séculos XIX e XXI. Para tal propósito, procurei reunir os fragmentos de memória oral dos txeramôes e txedjrays, avôs e avós destes indígenas, e de documentos escritos – disponíveis nos acervos do Serviço de Proteção ao Índio da Fundação Nacional do Índio (SPI-FUNAI), do Arquivo Público do Estado de São Paulo (APESP), em bibliotecas etc. Os resultados preliminares indicam que, no século XIX, intelectuais e políticos consideravam como certo o fim dos grupos Tupi, seja pela miscigenação ou pelo extermínio; como também indicam a existência, na contemporaneidade, de indígenas que se afirmam como descendentes dos grupos Tupi – até então vistos como extintos – e dos grupos Guarani que, através dos últimos deslocamentos do século XIX, ali se estabeleceram. Logo, o que apresento aqui é parte de um estudo que visa compreender o processo de retomada dos territórios tupi e tupi guarani, que levou ao atual complexo de aldeias.
Ideology and alienation: A necessary relationship
Authors: Holanda Maria Norma Alcantara Brandão
Published: August 2019

Abstract This article results from a research1 focused on ideology and alienation as social complexes present in the world of men, and on fundamental determinations that connect these two categories in human thought and praxis. The study aims to reflect on the ontological foundations and roles in society of ideology and alienation, based on the thought of Georg Lukács (2013) in his work Para uma Ontologia do Ser Social [Toward the Ontology of Social Being]. The article is structured in two distinct and connected moments, discussing first ideology and the fundamental base of the concepts. Then, the work debates alienation as an ideological phenomenon, particularly when it comes to reifications and their relevance to the critique of capitalism.
Memoria profesional y Trabajo Social chileno. Derechos humanos y dictadura cívico militar
Authors: Meneses Patricia Castañeda , Coulon Ana Maria Salame
Published: August 2019

Resumen El presente artículo forma parte de un proyecto de investigación interuniversitario que contribuye a rescatar la memoria profesional del Trabajo Social chileno durante el período 1973-1990, en el contexto de la dictadura cívico militar. En forma específica, se presenta un análisis respecto de la participación de Trabajo Social en el proceso de Defensa de los Derechos Humanos como integrante de equipos interdisciplinarios en organizaciones no gubernamentales, considerando los principales aportes que representa para el desarrollo profesional su desempeño en contextos de resistencia, en el marco de un país en permanente estado de excepción.
Conflitos socioambientais por água no Nordeste brasileiro: expropriações contemporâneas e lutas sociais no campo
Authors: Silveira Sandra Maria Batista , Silva Maria das Graças e
Published: August 2019

Resumo A mercantilização da água expressa de maneira inequívoca o agravamento das desigualdades sociais no campo, resultando no aumento dos conflitos que envolvem a posse, a propriedade e os usos da água pelas populações rurais. Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre os conflitos por água na região do Nordeste brasileiro, problematizando-os à luz de suas determinações estruturais: a expansão do agronegócio e seus impactos sobre as populações do campo. Este resulta de uma ampla pesquisa bibliográfica, realizada em nível de doutorado, além da análise de documentos institucionais que versam sobre a temática. Assim, apreende-se que o acirramento dos conflitos por água na região está vinculado à apropriação privada da terra, estabelecendo-se o confronto entre classes e frações das classes fundamentais: de um lado, o agronegócio e de outro campo: ribeirinhos, quilombolas, pescadores(as), indígenas e pequenos agricultores, as quais estabelecem seu metabolismo social (FOSTER, 2005) em estreita dependência dos recursos naturais.
La cuestión socioambiental. Estudio descriptivo sobre la presencia del tema en los Seminarios Latinoamericanos de Escuelas de Trabajo Social
Authors: Hernández Elia Sepúlveda , Martínez Xavier Úcar
Published: August 2019

Resumen El artículo analiza el debate académico del Trabajo Social latinoamericano respecto a la cuestión socioambiental. El espacio de dialogo académico analizado son los Seminarios Latinoamericanos de Escuelas de Trabajo Social desarrollados entre los años 1998 al 2012. Durante dicho periodo se realizaron cinco Seminarios que suman más de mil ponencias. Se filtraron las ponencias que abordan de manera directa la temática socioambiental, con el objetivo de: a) detectar los conceptos (teóricos o de contexto) más utilizados por los autores; b) determinar las problemáticas socioambientales predominantes; y c) conocer los campos de acción profesional. Los resultados dan cuenta del compromiso de la profesión para elaborar una posición académica y política que enfrente las lógicas extractivistas y capitalistas que afectan a gran parte de la región, especialmente el mundo rural e indígena. También queda en evidencia la necesidad de aumentar las narrativas disciplinares en circulación, para así lograr mayor presencia en el debate global.
Implantação de protocolo de vigilância e atenção à saúde de ex-trabalhadores e população exposta a chumbo, cádmio, cobre e zinco em Santo Amaro, Bahia
Authors: Rego Rita Franco , Machado Louise Oliveira Ramos , Silva Gerluce Alves , Falcão Ila Rocha
Published: August 2019

Resumo Introdução: ao longo de 40 anos, estudos evidenciam a contaminação da cidade de Santo Amaro por elevados níveis de chumbo e outros metais. Estudos epidemiológicos revelaram altas concentrações de chumbo e cádmio em amostras de sangue de pescadores, trabalhadores e em compartimentos ambientais. Em 2010, foi instituído um protocolo para orientar o desenvolvimento de ações de assistência, acompanhamento e vigilância da saúde da população exposta. Objetivo: identificar as dificuldades e avanços na implantação das estratégias preconizadas pelo protocolo sob a perspectiva dos gestores e profissionais da Saúde. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, utilizando pesquisa documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Resultados: a falta de compromisso e as mudanças de gestores na saúde, a carência de infraestrutura, a rotatividade de pessoal e o não cumprimento de acordos entre Município e Estado contribuíram para que as ações de assistência e vigilância à saúde da população exposta não fossem cumpridas. Conclusão: a implantação efetiva das ações propostas requer unidade na concepção do que seria a melhor estratégia para atenção à saúde, um maior compromisso das instâncias envolvidas e o engajamento dos usuários do SUS a fim de que reconheçam a relevância do protocolo para a melhoria da qualidade de vida da população.
Comunicação em saúde nas campanhas de prevenção à leptospirose humana em Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil
Authors: Martins Mário Henrique da Mata , Spink Mary Jane Paris
Published: August 2019

Discutem-se ações de comunicação em saúde nas campanhas de prevenção à leptospirose em Maceió. O método consistiu na análise multimodal de cinco cartazes, dois fôlders e um panfleto utilizados nessas campanhas entre 1996 e 2017 e da análise do conteúdo de duas entrevistas realizadas com usuários que foram acometidos pela doença. Resultados mostram que a finalidade original dos materiais altera seu efeito discursivo e que o enfoque visual predominante é o rato; as campanhas fazem uso de um modelo comunicacional unilateral, diretivo e de impacto potencialmente baixo, ratificando achados anteriores da literatura; falta correspondência entre as ações propostas e as condições de vida dos usuários; e a responsabilidade pela prevenção é atribuída majoritariamente à população em situação de vulnerabilidade, isentando-se o Estado de ações que fomentem o diálogo. As potenciais implicações psicossociais desse processo são discutidas.
O que pode uma política? Problematizando a implementação do Programa Mais Médicos a partir da experiência de uma cidade brasileira
Authors: Santos Mara Lisiane de Moraes dos , Bertussi Débora Cristina , Kodjaoglanian Vera Lúcia , Merhy Emerson Elias
Published: August 2019

Objetivamos problematizar a implementação do Programa Mais Médicos a partir da experiência de uma cidade brasileira. Tendo o encontro como método, apresentamos afecções/reflexões que emergiram de conversas com médicos e outros atores envolvidos com o programa. Os dispositivos para operação do programa revelaram-se insuficientes, considerando-se essa política polêmica/conflituosa. Cada município implementa e tira proveito do programa à sua maneira, criando ou não conjunturas que lhe dão sustentabilidade e potencializam seus efeitos. Em situações desfavoráveis, evidencia-se a fragilidade dos dispositivos para sua sustentabilidade. Constatamos e problematizamos a invisibilidade da política e as fragilidades dos dispositivos na implementação. O programa é uma importante iniciativa federal para melhorar a atenção à saúde, principalmente para a população mais vulnerável; porém, a política está ameaçada e, com a saída dos médicos cubanos, ainda mais fragilizada. Para tanto, debater as suas potencialidades e fragilidades é fundamental.
A Topic-Aware Reinforced Model for Weakly Supervised Stance Detection
Authors: Wei Penghui , Mao Wenji , Chen Guandan
Published: August 2019

Analyzing public attitudes plays an important role in opinion mining systems. Stance detection aims to determine from a text whether its author is in favor of, against, or neutral towards a given target. One challenge of this task is that a text may not explicitly express an attitude towards the target, but existing approaches utilize target content alone to build models. Moreover, although weakly supervised approaches have been proposed to ease the burden of manually annotating largescale training data, such approaches are confronted with noisy labeling problem. To address the above two issues, in this paper, we propose a Topic-Aware Reinforced Model (TARM) for weakly supervised stance detection. Our model consists of two complementary components: (1) a detection network that incorporates target-related topic information into representation learning for identifying stance effectively; (2) a policy network that learns to eliminate noisy instances from auto-labeled data based on off-policy reinforcement learning. Two networks are alternately optimized to improve each other’s performances. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed model TARM outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches.
Graph Convolutional Networks for Text Classification
Authors: Yao Liang , Mao Chengsheng , Luo Yuan
Published: August 2019

Text classification is an important and classical problem in natural language processing. There have been a number of studies that applied convolutional neural networks (convolution on regular grid, e.g., sequence) to classification. However, only a limited number of studies have explored the more flexible graph convolutional neural networks (convolution on non-grid, e.g., arbitrary graph) for the task. In this work, we propose to use graph convolutional networks for text classification. We build a single text graph for a corpus based on word co-occurrence and document word relations, then learn a Text Graph Convolutional Network (Text GCN) for the corpus. Our Text GCN is initialized with one-hot representation for word and document, it then jointly learns the embeddings for both words and documents, as supervised by the known class labels for documents. Our experimental results on multiple benchmark datasets demonstrate that a vanilla Text GCN without any external word embeddings or knowledge outperforms state-of-the-art methods for text classification. On the other hand, Text GCN also learns predictive word and document embeddings. In addition, experimental results show that the improvement of Text GCN over state-of-the-art comparison methods become more prominent as we lower the percentage of training data, suggesting the robustness of Text GCN to less training data in text classification.
TopicEq: A Joint Topic and Mathematical Equation Model for Scientific Texts
Authors: Yasunaga Michihiro , Lafferty John D.
Published: August 2019

Scientific documents rely on both mathematics and text to communicate ideas. Inspired by the topical correspondence between mathematical equations and word contexts observed in scientific texts, we propose a novel topic model that jointly generates mathematical equations and their surrounding text (TopicEq). Using an extension of the correlated topic model, the context is generated from a mixture of latent topics, and the equation is generated by an RNN that depends on the latent topic activations. To experiment with this model, we create a corpus of 400K equation-context pairs extracted from a range of scientific articles from arXiv, and fit the model using a variational autoencoder approach. Experimental results show that this joint model significantly outperforms existing topic models and equation models for scientific texts. Moreover, we qualitatively show that the model effectively captures the relationship between topics and mathematics, enabling novel applications such as topic-aware equation generation, equation topic inference, and topic-aware alignment of mathematical symbols and words.
Analysis of co-expression networks among Populus spp. involved in the response to phosphate deficiency and aluminium toxicity v1
Authors: Bergamo Cardoso Thiago , Terassi Pinto Renan , Vilela Paiva Luciano
Published: August 2019

It is reasonable that some molecular responses to aluminium toxicity and phosphate starvation stresses may be co-opted, as these stresses co-exist in the same environment and the most directly affected organ is the root in both cases .Some findings pointing to co-opted responses have already been reported, like the exudation of organic acids by root tips, that chelates Al3+ ions and at the same time increase phosphate availability, activation of the same transcriptional regulator triggered by both stresses and possibilities of hormone signalling crosstalk. There are already reports in the literature of applications of molecular knowledge about adaptation to acid soils in commercially relevant crops. Here we focus on studyng the broad transcriptomic response to aluminium and phosphate starvation stresses in Populus ssp. as a model plant for woody crops, due to its genetic, genomic and transcriptomic data availability. In view of the above, this work highlights the transcriptional responses to aluminum toxicity and phosphate starvation in Populusspp. by the use of public microarray data and points to connections between the responses to the two stresses through gene co-expression networks. This approach is justified by the importance of understanding the relationship between the responses of these two major coexisting stresses in acidic soils and the lack of studies that address this relationship, as well as the responses to each stress in a specific way, in broad transcriptomic data.
BEM ESTAR MENTAL EM INDIVÍDUOS SUBMETIDOS A TRATAMENTO FISIOTERAPÊUTICO EM UMA CLÍNICA ESCOLA UNIVERSITÁRIA.
Authors: Santos Jefferson Jovelino Amaral dos , Costa Telma Aparecida da , Abentroth Lilian Regina Lengler , Sena Jessica Da Silva
Published: August 2019

O bem estar tem relação direta com os níveis de saúde mental e geral de uma população. O objetivo deste estudo foi  verificar as diferenças nos níveis de bem estar mental em indivíduos submetidos a tratamento fisioterapêutico em uma clínica escola. Foram avaliados 37 indivíduos de ambos os sexos em relação às atividades de vida diária (AVD), satisfação com a fisioterapia, níveis de dor e de bem estar mental antes e após o tratamento fisioterapêutico. Todas as variáveis seguiram a distribuição normal (Gaussiana) e portanto, foram tratadas pela estatística paramétrica (Teste t de Student, p<0.05) e verificou-se que os níveis de dor diminuíram, simultaneamente os níveis de AVD e bem estar mental melhoraram. Encontrou-se também correlação entre os níveis de bem estar mental  com os escores de dor e AVD. Concluiu-se que o tratamento fisioterapêutico melhorou os níveis de bem estar mental dos indivíduos avaliados e essa variável apresentou correlação com a escala de dor e níveis de AVD.