bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
40 Hz light flickering promotes sleep through cortical adenosine signaling
Authors: Zhou Xuzhao , He Yan , Xu Tao , Wu Zhaofa , Guo Wei , Xu Xi , Liu Yuntao , Zhang Yi , Shang Huiping , Huang Libin , Yao Zhimo , Li Zewen , Su Lingya , Li Zhihui , Feng Tao , Zhang Shaomin , Monteiro Olivia , Cunha Rodrigo A. , Huang Zhi-Li , Zhang Kang , Li Yulong , Cai Xiaohong , Qu Jia , Chen Jiang-Fan
Published: February 2024

Flickering light stimulation has emerged as a promising non-invasive neuromodulation strategy to alleviate neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the lack of a neurochemical underpinning has hampered its therapeutic development. Here, we demonstrate that light flickering triggered an immediate and sustained increase (up to 3 h after flickering) in extracellular adenosine levels in the primary visual cortex (V1) and other brain regions, as a function of light frequency and intensity, with maximal effects observed at 40 Hz frequency and 4000 lux. We uncovered cortical (glutamatergic and GABAergic) neurons, rather than astrocytes, as the cellular source, the intracellular adenosine generation from AMPK-associated energy metabolism pathways (but not SAM-transmethylation or salvage purine pathways), and adenosine efflux mediated by equilibrative nucleoside transporter-2 (ENT2) as the molecular pathway responsible for extracellular adenosine generation. Importantly, 40 Hz (but not 20 and 80 Hz) light flickering for 30 min enhanced non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) and REM sleep for 2–3 h in mice. This somnogenic effect was abolished by ablation of V1 (but not superior colliculus) neurons and by genetic deletion of the gene encoding ENT2 (but not ENT1), but recaptured by chemogenetic inhibition of V1 neurons and by focal infusion of adenosine into V1 in a dose-dependent manner. Lastly, 40 Hz light flickering for 30 min also promoted sleep in children with insomnia by decreasing sleep onset latency, increasing total sleep time, and reducing waking after sleep onset. Collectively, our findings establish the ENT2-mediated adenosine signaling in V1 as the neurochemical basis for 40 Hz flickering-induced sleep and unravel a novel and non-invasive treatment for insomnia, a condition that affects 20% of the world population.
Hybrid AI-enhanced lightning flash prediction in the medium-range forecast horizon
Authors: Cavaiola Mattia , Cassola Federico , Sacchetti Davide , Ferrari Francesco , Mazzino Andrea
Published: February 2024

Traditional fully-deterministic algorithms, which rely on physical equations and mathematical models, are the backbone of many scientific disciplines for decades. These algorithms are based on well-established principles and laws of physics, enabling a systematic and predictable approach to problem-solving. On the other hand, AI-based strategies emerge as a powerful tool for handling vast amounts of data and extracting patterns and relationships that might be challenging to identify through traditional algorithms. Here, we bridge these two realms by using AI to find an optimal mapping of meteorological features predicted two days ahead by the state-of-the-art numerical weather prediction model by the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) into lightning flash occurrence. The prediction capability of the resulting AI-enhanced algorithm turns out to be significantly higher than that of the fully-deterministic algorithm employed in the ECMWF model. A remarkable Recall peak of about 95% within the 0-24 h forecast interval is obtained. This performance surpasses the 85% achieved by the ECMWF model at the same Precision of the AI algorithm.
Micrometer-thick and porous nanocomposite coating for electrochemical sensors with exceptional antifouling and electroconducting properties
Authors: Lee Jeong-Chan , Kim Su Yeong , Song Jayeon , Jang Hyowon , Kim Min , Kim Hanul , Choi Siyoung Q. , Kim Sunjoo , Jolly Pawan , Kang Taejoon , Park Steve , Ingber Donald E.
Published: February 2024

Development of coating technologies for electrochemical sensors that consistently exhibit antifouling activities in diverse and complex biological environments over extended time is vital for effective medical devices and diagnostics. Here, we describe a micrometer-thick, porous nanocomposite coating with both antifouling and electroconducting properties that enhances the sensitivity of electrochemical sensors. Nozzle printing of oil-in-water emulsion is used to create a 1 micrometer thick coating composed of cross-linked albumin with interconnected pores and gold nanowires. The layer resists biofouling and maintains rapid electron transfer kinetics for over one month when exposed directly to complex biological fluids, including serum and nasopharyngeal secretions. Compared to a thinner (nanometer thick) antifouling coating made with drop casting or a spin coating of the same thickness, the thick porous nanocomposite sensor exhibits sensitivities that are enhanced by 3.75- to 17-fold when three different target biomolecules are tested. As a result, emulsion-coated, multiplexed electrochemical sensors can carry out simultaneous detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid, antigen, and host antibody in clinical specimens with high sensitivity and specificity. This thick porous emulsion coating technology holds promise in addressing hurdles currently restricting the application of electrochemical sensors for point-of-care diagnostics, implantable devices, and other healthcare monitoring systems.
A zero-valent palladium cluster-organic framework
Authors: Liu Xiyue , McPherson James N. , Andersen Carl Emil , Jørgensen Mike S. B. , Larsen René Wugt , Yutronkie Nathan J. , Wilhelm Fabrice , Rogalev Andrei , Giménez-Marqués Mónica , Mínguez Espallargas Guillermo , Göb Christian R. , Pedersen Kasper S.
Published: February 2024

Acquiring spatial control of nanoscopic metal clusters is central to their function as efficient multi-electron catalysts. However, dispersing metal clusters on surfaces or in porous hosts is accompanied by an intrinsic heterogeneity that hampers detailed understanding of the chemical structure and its relation to reactivities. Tethering pre-assembled molecular metal clusters into polymeric, crystalline 2D or 3D networks constitutes an unproven approach to realizing ordered arrays of chemically well-defined metal clusters. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of a {Pd3} cluster-based organometallic framework from a molecular triangulo-Pd3(CNXyl)6 (Xyl = xylyl; Pd3) cluster under chemically mild conditions. The formally zero-valent Pd3 cluster readily engages in a complete ligand exchange when exposed to a similar, ditopic isocyanide ligand, resulting in polymerization into a 2D coordination network (Pd3-MOF). The structure of Pd3-MOF could be unambiguously determined by continuous rotation 3D electron diffraction (3D-ED) experiments to a resolution of ~1.0 Å (>99% completeness), showcasing the applicability of 3D-ED to nanocrystalline, organometallic polymers. Pd3-MOF displays Pd03 cluster nodes, which possess significant thermal and aerobic stability, and activity towards hydrogenation catalysis. Importantly, the realization of Pd3-MOF paves the way for the exploitation of metal clusters as building blocks for rigidly interlocked metal nanoparticles at the molecular limit.
Interacting topological quantum chemistry in 2D with many-body real space invariants
Authors: Herzog-Arbeitman Jonah , Bernevig B. Andrei , Song Zhi-Da
Published: February 2024

The topological phases of non-interacting fermions have been classified by their symmetries, culminating in a modern electronic band theory where wavefunction topology can be obtained from momentum space. Recently, Real Space Invariants (RSIs) have provided a spatially local description of the global momentum space indices. The present work generalizes this real space classification to interacting 2D states. We construct many-body local RSIs as the quantum numbers of a set of symmetry operators on open boundaries, but which are independent of the choice of boundary. Using the U(1) particle number, they yield many-body fragile topological indices, which we use to identify which single-particle fragile states are many-body topological or trivial at weak coupling. To this end, we construct an exactly solvable Hamiltonian with single-particle fragile topology that is adiabatically connected to a trivial state through strong coupling. We then define global many-body RSIs on periodic boundary conditions. They reduce to Chern numbers in the band theory limit, but also identify strongly correlated stable topological phases with no single-particle counterpart. Finally, we show that the many-body local RSIs appear as quantized coefficients of Wen-Zee terms in the topological quantum field theory describing the phase.
Data-centric artificial olfactory system based on the eigengraph
Authors: Sung Seung-Hyun , Suh Jun Min , Hwang Yun Ji , Jang Ho Won , Park Jeon Gue , Jun Seong Chan
Published: February 2024

Recent studies of electronic nose system tend to waste significant amount of important data in odor identification. Until now, the sensitivity-oriented data composition has made it difficult to discover meaningful data to apply artificial intelligence in terms of in-depth analysis for odor attributes specifying the identities of gas molecules, ultimately resulting in hindering the advancement of the artificial olfactory technology. Here, we realize a data-centric approach to implement standardized artificial olfactory systems inspired by human olfactory mechanisms by formally defining and utilizing the concept of Eigengraph in electrochemisty. The implicit odor attributes of the eigengraphs were mathematically substantialized as the Fourier transform-based Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient feature vectors. Their effectiveness and applicability in deep learning processes for gas classification have been clearly demonstrated through experiments on complex mixed gases and automobile exhaust gases. We suggest that our findings can be widely applied as source technologies to develop standardized artificial olfactory systems.
Decoupled oxidation process enabled by atomically dispersed copper electrodes for in-situ chemical water treatment
Authors: Yu Ziwei , Jin Xuming , Guo Yang , Liu Qian , Xiang Wenyu , Zhou Shuai , Wang Jiaying , Yang Dailin , Wu Hao Bin , Wang Juan
Published: February 2024

In-situ wastewater treatment has gained popularity due to cost and energy savings tailored to water sources and user needs. However, this treatment, particularly through advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), poses ecological risks due to the need for strong oxidizing agents. Here, we present a decoupled oxidation process (DOP) using single-atom copper-modified graphite felt electrodes. This process creates a positive potential difference (ΔE ~ 0.5 V) between spatially isolated oxidants and organics and drives electron transfer-based redox reactions. The approach avoids the drawbacks of conventional AOPs, while being capable of treating various recalcitrant electron-rich organics. A floating water treatment device designed based on the DOP approach can degrade organic molecules in large bodies of water with oxidants stored separately in the device. We demonstrate that over 200 L of contaminated water can be treated with a floating device containing only 40 mL of oxidant (10 mM peroxysulphate). The modular device can be used in tandem structures on demand, maximizing water remediation per unit area. Our result provides a promising, eco-friendly method for in-situ water treatment that is unattainable with existing techniques.
Hydraulic-driven adaptable morphing active-cooling elastomer with bioinspired bicontinuous phases
Authors: Yu Dehai , Wang Zhonghao , Chi Guidong , Zhang Qiubo , Fu Junxian , Li Maolin , Liu Chuanke , Zhou Quan , Li Zhen , Chen Du , Song Zhenghe , He Zhizhu
Published: February 2024

The active-cooling elastomer concept, originating from vascular thermoregulation for soft biological tissue, is expected to develop an effective heat dissipation method for human skin, flexible electronics, and soft robots due to the desired interface mechanical compliance. However, its low thermal conduction and poor adaptation limit its cooling effects. Inspired by the bone structure, this work reports a simple yet versatile method of fabricating arbitrary-geometry liquid metal skeleton-based elastomer with bicontinuous Gyroid-shaped phases, exhibiting high thermal conductivity (up to 27.1 W/mK) and stretchability (strain limit >600%). Enlightened by the vasodilation principle for blood flow regulation, we also establish a hydraulic-driven conformal morphing strategy for better thermoregulation by modulating the hydraulic pressure of channels to adapt the complicated shape with large surface roughness (even a concave body). The liquid metal active-cooling elastomer, integrated with the flexible thermoelectric device, is demonstrated with various applications in the soft gripper, thermal-energy harvesting, and head thermoregulation.
Morphometric study applied to testicular and epididymis hydatids torsion
Authors: Barbosa Renato G. , Favorito Luciano Alves , Sampaio Francisco J. B.
Published: February 2024

Twisted testicular appendages had difficult differential diagnosis with testicular torsion. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the number, shape, size and determine the laterality pattern of the testicular and epididymal hydatids and evaluate the correlations between the length and width of the testicular and epididymal hydatids with testicular measurements. We analyzed 60 fixed cadavers and 16 patients with prostate cancer without previous hormonal treatment undergoing bilateral orchiectomy, totalizing 76 units and 152 testicles. In relation to the testicular appendices, we analyzed the following situations: absence of testicular and epididymis appendages, presence of a testicular appendix, presence of epididymis appendix, and presence of testicular and epididymis appendix. We measured the length, width and thickness of the testis and classified the appendages as sessile or pedicled. Chi-square test was used to verify associations between categorical variables. McNemar Test was used to verify differences between the percentages of right and left appendages. Correlations between quantitative measures were evaluated using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (p < 0.05). In 50 cases (65.78%) we observed the presence of some type of appendices, in 34 cases (44.72%) we observed the presence of testicular appendices and in 19 cases (25%) the presence of epididymal appendices. We observed the presence of pedicled appendices in 39 cases (51.32%), with 25 of the cases (32.89%) of pedicled testicular appendices and 14 of the cases (18.42%) of pedicled epididymal appendages, with a significant association between the occurrence of appendices on the right and left sides (p < 0.001). Testicular hydatids were present in around two thirds of our sample being pedunculated in almost half of the cases with bilateral similarity. There is a significant chance in cases of twisted appendices that the same anatomical characteristics are present on the opposite side, which is a factor that tends to indicate the need for contralateral surgical exploration in cases of torsion, however studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these findings.
Coupling a recurrent neural network to SPAD TCSPC systems for real-time fluorescence lifetime imaging
Authors: Lin Yang , Mos Paul , Ardelean Andrei , Bruschini Claudio , Charbon Edoardo
Published: February 2024

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLI) has been receiving increased attention in recent years as a powerful diagnostic technique in biological and medical research. However, existing FLI systems often suffer from a tradeoff between processing speed, accuracy, and robustness. Inspired by the concept of Edge Artificial Intelligence (Edge AI), we propose a robust approach that enables fast FLI with no degradation of accuracy. This approach couples a recurrent neural network (RNN), which is trained to estimate the fluorescence lifetime directly from raw timestamps without building histograms, to SPAD TCSPC systems, thereby drastically reducing transfer data volumes and hardware resource utilization, and enabling real-time FLI acquisition. We train two variants of the RNN on a synthetic dataset and compare the results to those obtained using center-of-mass method (CMM) and least squares fitting (LS fitting). Results demonstrate that two RNN variants, gated recurrent unit (GRU) and long short-term memory (LSTM), are comparable to CMM and LS fitting in terms of accuracy, while outperforming them in the presence of background noise by a large margin. To explore the ultimate limits of the approach, we derive the Cramer-Rao lower bound of the measurement, showing that RNN yields lifetime estimations with near-optimal precision. To demonstrate real-time operation, we build a FLI microscope based on an existing SPAD TCSPC system comprising a 32$$\times $$
×
32 SPAD sensor named Piccolo. Four quantized GRU cores, capable of processing up to 4 million photons per second, are deployed on the Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGA that controls the Piccolo. Powered by the GRU, the FLI setup can retrieve real-time fluorescence lifetime images at up to 10 frames per second. The proposed FLI system is promising and ideally suited for biomedical applications, including biological imaging, biomedical diagnostics, and fluorescence-assisted surgery, etc.
Fast simulation for multi-photon, atomic-ensemble quantum model of linear optical systems addressing the curse of dimensionality
Authors: Oba Junpei , Kajita Seiji , Soeda Akihito
Published: February 2024

Photons are elementary particles of light in quantum mechanics, whose dynamics can be difficult to gain detailed insights, especially in complex systems. Simulation is a promising tool to resolve this issue, but it must address the curse of dimensionality, namely, that the number of bases increases exponentially in the number of photons. Here we mitigate this dimensionality scaling by focusing on optical systems composed of linear optical objects, modeled as an ensemble of two-level atoms. We decompose the time evolutionary operator on multiple photons into a group of time evolution operators acting on a single photon. Since the dimension of a single-photon time evolution operator is exponentially smaller than that of a multi-photon one in the number of photons, the decomposition enables the multi-photon simulations to be performed at a much lower computational cost. We apply this method to basic single- and multi-photon phenomena, such as Hong–Ou–Mandel interference and violation of the Bell-CHSH inequality, and confirm that the calculated properties are quantitatively comparable to the experimental results. Furthermore, our method visualizes the spatial propagation of photons hence provides insights that aid experiment designs for quantum-enabled technologies.
Global repair is the primary nucleotide excision repair subpathway for the removal of pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) damage from the Arabidopsis genome
Authors: Kaya Sezgi , Erdogan Dugcar Ebrar , Sancar Aziz , Adebali Ogun , Oztas Onur
Published: February 2024

Ultraviolet (UV) component of solar radiation impairs genome stability by inducing the formation of pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproducts [(6-4)PPs] in plant genomes. (6-4)PPs disrupt growth and development by interfering with transcription and DNA replication. To resist UV stress, plants employ both photoreactivation and nucleotide excision repair that excises oligonucleotide containing (6-4)PPs through two subpathways: global and transcription-coupled excision repair (TCR). Here, we analyzed the genome-wide excision repair-mediated repair of (6-4)PPs in Arabidopsis thaliana and found that (6-4)PPs can be repaired by TCR; however, the main subpathway to remove (6-4)PPs from the genome is global repair. Our analysis showed that open chromatin genome regions are more rapidly repaired than heterochromatin regions, and the repair level peaks at the promoter, transcription start site and transcription end site of genes. Our study revealed that the repair of (6-4)PP in plants showed a distinct genome-wide repair profile compared to the repair of other major UV-induced DNA lesion called cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs).
Exploring the relationship between land use/land cover and apparent temperature in China (1996–2020): implications for urban planning
Authors: Ding Han , Ren Qiuru , Wang Chengcheng , Chen Haitao , Wang Yuqiu
Published: February 2024

In recent decades, rising air temperatures (AT) and apparent temperatures (AP) have posed growing health risks. In the context of China's rapid urbanization and global climate change, it is crucial to understand the impact of urban land use/land cover (LULC) changes on AP. This study investigates the spatial distribution and long-term variation patterns of AT and AP, using data from 834 meteorological stations across China from 1996 to 2020. It also explores the relationship between AT, AP, and LULC in the urban core areas of 30 major cities. Study reveals that AT and AP exhibit overall high spatial similarity, albeit with greater spatial variance in AP. Notably, regions with significant disparities between the two have been identified. Furthermore, it's observed that the spatial range of high AP change rates is wider than that of AT. Moreover, the study suggests a potential bivariate quadratic function relationship between ΔT (the difference between AT and AP) and Wa_ratio and Ar_ratio, indicating the presence of a Least Suitable Curve (LSC), $${\text{W}}_{{\text{a}}} \_{\text{ratio}} = {0}{{.263(}} \pm {0}{{.0269)}} - {0}{{.437(}} \pm {0}{{.0417)}} \times {\text{Ar}}\_{\text{ratio}}$$

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. Urban LULC planning should carefully avoid intersecting with this curve. These findings can provide valuable insights for urban LULC planning, ultimately enhancing the thermal comfort of urban residents.
Productivity losses from short-term work absence due to neoplasms in Poland
Authors: Łyszczarz Błażej
Published: February 2024

Previous evidence on productivity losses from neoplasms focuses mostly on the economic burden from mortality, covers single cancer diagnoses and neglects non-malignant neoplasms. This study aims to broaden this perspective by analysing losses resulting from work absence and all neoplasm diagnoses. The analysis applies the human capital method and social insurance data to estimate productivity losses attributable to neoplasm-related short-term work absence in Poland in the period 2012–2022. The productivity losses due to work absence attributable to all neoplasms in Poland were €583 million in 2012 (0.143% of gross domestic product) and they increased to €969 million in 2022 (0.164%). Around 60% of the losses were associated with cancers while the remaining part of the burden was due to non-malignant neoplasms. The neoplasms that led to the highest losses were benign neoplasms, breast cancer, colorectum cancer and prostate cancer. The cancer sites characterised by the greatest losses per absence episode were brain cancer, lung cancer and oesophageal cancer. For most of the neoplasms, we observed increasing losses in an 11-year period analysed. Investing in effective public health policies that tackle neoplasms has the potential to reduce both the health burden and economic losses resulting from these diseases.
Five-year outcomes in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease undergoing surgery or percutaneous intervention
Authors: Jonik Szymon , Kageyama Shigetaka , Ninomiya Kai , Onuma Yoshinobu , Kochman Janusz , Grabowski Marcin , Serruys Patrick W. , Mazurek Tomasz
Published: February 2024

The outcomes from real-life clinical studies regarding the optimal revascularization strategy in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD) are still poorly investigated. In this retrospective study we assessed 5-year outcomes: primary, secondary endpoints and quality of life of 1035 individuals with severe coronary artery disease (CAD) treated either with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)—356 patients or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)—679 patients according to the recommendation of a local Heart Team (HT). At 5 years no significant difference in overall mortality and rates of myocardial infarctions (MI) were observed between CABG and PCI cohorts (11.0% vs. 13.4% for PCI, P = 0.27 and 9.6% vs. 12.8% for PCI, P = 0.12, respectively). The incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), mainly driven by increased rates of repeat revascularization (RR) were higher in PCI-cohort than in CABG-group (56.1% vs. 40.4%, P < 0.01 and 26.8% vs. 12.6%, P < 0.01, respectively), while CABG-patients experienced stroke more often (7.3% vs. 3.1% for PCI, P < 0.01). In real-life practice with long-term follow-up, none of the two revascularization modalities implemented following HT decisions showed overwhelming superiority: occurrence of death and MI were similar, rates of RR favoured CABG, while incidence of strokes advocated PCI.
A 2D carbon nitride-based electrochemical aptasensor with reverse amplification for highly sensitive detection of okadaic acid in shellfish
Authors: Chen Yating , Liu Yiwei , Zhu Ping , Liu Shuge , Wang Miaomiao , Liu Yage , Wang Zhiyao , Chen Wei , Qu Zhan , Du Liping , Wu Chunsheng
Published: February 2024

An electrochemical biosensor was developed for OA detection using a reverse amplification function based on C3N4-aptamer-Th and C3N4-ssDNA.
Structural and compositional analysis of MOF-derived carbon nanomaterials for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Zhang Jinjie , Xu Chengxiao , Zhang Yingjie , Li Yuzheng , Liu Bo , Huo Peipei , Liu Dan , Gui Jianzhou
Published: February 2024

An in-depth analysis of the fundamental mechanism of MOF-derived carbon nanomaterials (MDCNM) for ORR promotion is presented through both the low-dimensional morphological structure and chemical composition.
The role of dispatchability in China's power system decarbonization
Authors: Li Mingquan , Shan Rui , Abdulla Ahmed , Virguez Edgar , Gao Shuo
Published: February 2024

The role of dispatchable resources evolves over space and over time as the power sector decarbonizes; this evolution reconfigures the spatial layout of China's power system, eventually redrawing its economic, social, and environmental maps.
An enhanced stereoselective synthesis of α,β-unsaturated esters through the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction in deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Paparella Andrea Nicola , Stallone Margherita , Pulpito Mara , Perna Filippo Maria , Capriati Vito , Vitale Paola
Published: February 2024

An enhanced stereoselective synthesis of α,β-unsaturated esters has been developed using protic and biodegradable deep eutectic solvents.
Total synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of the spirostanol saponin gitonin
Authors: Li Yong , Lv Xun , Liu Jun , Du Yuguo
Published: February 2024

We have successfully developed an efficient approach for the first synthesis of gitonin from tigogenin. In a preliminary MTT bioassay, gitonin and structural analogues showed potent antiproliferative activities against A549, HepG2, and MCF-7 cell lines.
A salicylaldiminate/Pd(trifluoroacetate)2 [SalAld/Pd(tfa)2] initiating system for C1 polymerization of diazoacetate: generation of an active initiator from ordinary reagents with facile procedures
Authors: Shimomoto Hiroaki , Izumoto Takaya , Yamashita Kazuki , Itoh Tomomichi , Ihara Eiji
Published: February 2024

SalAld/Pd(tfa)2 initiating systems have been revealed to be effective for C1 polymerization of diazoacetate, yielding moderately syndiotactic polymers with high Mn in moderate yield.
Exploring diversity: student's (un-)productive use of resonance in organic chemistry tasks through the lens of the coordination class theory
Authors: Braun Irina , Graulich Nicole
Published: February 2024

Resonance is a crucial concept in Organic Chemistry that enables both deriving chemical properties from molecular structures and predicting reactions by considering electron density distribution. Despite its importance for problem-solving and learning success, learners encounter various difficulties with this concept. Although prior research suggests that learners struggle to reason about resonance in problem-solving tasks, existing studies are often limited to singular contexts. Given that task approaches and reasoning are context-dependent, little is known about how learners use resonance across task contexts and which characteristics underlie productive concept use. To this end, a qualitative interview study was conducted, in which undergraduate chemistry students (N = 21), all beginners of Organic Chemistry, solved three organic case comparison tasks requiring the consideration of resonance. Through the analytical lens of the coordination class theory, we analysed the extent to which students used their representations of resonance structures, their task approaches, and the variety of resonance-related resource activation and connection in problem-solving across three different contexts. The results show that students’ use of resonance is diverse across the contexts. It can be characterized by a complex interplay of multiple factors reflecting the multifold processes when considering resonance. However, some essential characteristics of productive concept use in problem-solving (e.g., the activation of resources across different granularity levels) could be deduced. Implications for supporting learners’ use of resonance in problem-solving are discussed.
Risikoreduktionsstrategien bei Patienten mit spezifischen kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen inkl. antithrombotische Therapie vor und nach nicht kardialen Operationen
Authors: Kluthke Robin , Perings Christian
Published: February 2024

Der Anteil älterer und multimorbider Patienten, die sich einem operativen Eingriff unterziehen, wird auch zukünftig steigen. Bereits zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt können bei einem relevanten
Patientenkollektiv perioperative kardio- und zerebrovaskuläre Komplikationen beobachtet werden. Diese nehmen mit steigendem Patientenalter ebenso wie die Polypharmazie zu. Patienten mit
darüberhinaus präexistenten und medikamentös behandelten kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen haben ein per erhöhtes Risiko für perioperative Komplikationen.

Um diesen bestmöglich zu begegnen, sind allgemeine wie auch individuelle Risikoreduktionsstrategien elementar.

Die ESC-Leitlinie zum kardiovaskulären Assessment und Management von Patienten mit nicht kardiochirurgischem Eingriff umfasst in seiner aktuellsten Fassung konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen
diesbezüglich. Sie eröffnet die Möglichkeit von „generellen“ Therapiepfaden hin zu einem individualisierten Weg, vorausschauende interdisziplinäre Therapieentscheidungen zu treffen, um
perioperative Komplikationen zu minimieren.
Rolle kardialer Biomarker für Risikostratifizierung und postoperatives Monitoring
Authors: Mehilli Julinda
Published: February 2024

Trotz der Verwendung mehrerer Risikoscores zur Risikoabschätzung kardiovaskulärer Komplikationen bei nicht kardialen Operationen (NCS) erleidet jeder 7. Patient im Alter von über 45 Jahren
binnen 30 Tagen postoperativ eine schwerwiegende kardiale oder zerebrovaskuläre Komplikation. Ein hohes Bewusstsein für perioperative kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen in Kombination mit einer
Überwachung auf perioperative Myokardschäden („Perioperative Myocardial Injury“, PMI) ist wichtig bei diesen Patienten. Basierend auf den zunehmenden wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen über
die Rolle kardialer Biomarker in diesem Setting hebt die ESC-Leitlinie zum kardiovaskulären Assessment und Management von Patienten mit nicht kardialen chirurgischen Eingriffen insbesondere
die Bedeutung von hochsensitiven kardialen Troponin-Messungen vor und 24–48 Stunden nach NCS mit mittlerem/hohem Risiko hervor zur Identifizierung von Risikopatienten, um die perioperative
Myokardschädigung frühzeitig zu erkennen. Eine systematische PMI-Abklärung, um die zugrunde liegende Pathophysiologie zu identifizieren und die Therapie festzulegen, wird empfohlen.
SARS-CoV-2-Infektion in der Schwangerschaft und Auftreten von
angeborenen Fehlbildungen – Besteht ein Zusammenhang? Auswertung von
8032 Schwangerschaften aus dem CRONOS-Register
Authors: Hofbauer Anna , Schneider Holm , Kehl Sven , Reutter Heiko , Pecks Ulrich , Andresen Kristin , Morhart Patrick ,   Collaborating authors
Published: February 2024

Hintergrund/ Fragestellung Aufgrund einzelner Fallberichte
untersuchte das COVID-19 Related Obstetric and Neonatal Outcome Study
(CRONOS)-Register, gefördert durch die Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Perinatalmedizin (DGPM), mit welcher Wahrscheinlichkeit eine in der
Früh-Schwangerschaft aufgetretene SARS-CoV-2-Infektion der Mutter
Embryopathien und/oder Fetopathien verursacht.

Material/Methode Das CRONOS-Register erfasste an über 130
beteiligten Kliniken von April 2020 bis Februar 2023 insgesamt 8032 Frauen mit
nachweislicher SARS-CoV-2-Infektion in der Schwangerschaft. Sowohl
mütterliche als auch kindliche Daten wurden dokumentiert und es erfolgte
eine anonymisierte, deskriptive Auswertung der multizentrischen Daten.

Ergebnisse Unter 7142 vollständig dokumentierten Schwangerschaften
(inklusive postnataler Daten) kam es bei 140 Feten zu einer angeborenen
Fehlbildung. 8,57% der Mütter hatten eine SARS-COV-2-Infektion
im 1. Trimenon und 36,43% im 2. Trimenon. 66 Fehlbildungen
(47,14%) wurden erst nach der maternalen SARS-CoV-2-Infektion
diagnostiziert. Es zeigte sich in der untersuchten Kohorte eine
Gesamtprävalenz angeborener Fehlbildungen von 1,96%. Die im
EUROCAT (European network of population-based registries for the epidemiological
surveillance of congenital anomalies)-Register vor der Pandemie im Zeitraum
2017–2019 angegebene Prävalenz lag bei 2,39%.

Diskussion Die multizentrisch erhobenen Daten zeigen, dass eine
mütterliche SARS-CoV-2-Infektion in der Frühschwangerschaft
nicht mit einem erhöhten Fehlbildungsrisiko einhergeht.
Growth mindset and positive work reflection for affective well-being: a three-way interaction model
Authors: Karpagavalli R. , Suganthi L.
Published: February 2024

The affective well-being of employees is significant in today’s fast-paced lifestyle in the post-pandemic era, as it results in many benefits, including work-related and health-related benefits. It is known that the positive reflection of work predicts the affective well-being of employees. However, the optimal ways of strengthening the relationship between these variables in contemporary working conditions are yet to be explored. Drawing on border theory and implicit theories, this research analyzes the role of work contact and growth mindset in the relationship between positive work reflection and affective well-being. In addition, this study proposes a three-way interaction among positive work reflection, work contact, and growth mindset in predicting the affective well-being of employees. Responses were collected from employees working in IT firms. After screening, 309 valid samples were obtained. From the analysis, it was found that a higher level of work contact moderates the relationship between positive work reflection and the affective well-being of employees with a growth mindset. Alternatively, a medium level of work contact moderates the above relationship for both types of mindset (growth and fixed mindset) among employees.
The relationship between strategic human resource management, green innovation and environmental performance: a moderated-mediation model
Authors: Peng Michael Yao-Ping , Zhang Li , Lee Meng-Hsiu , Hsu Fang-Yih , Xu Yan , He Yuan
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the impact of strategic human resource management (SHRM) on fostering green innovation and enhancing environmental performance among employees in the Asia-Pacific region. In the context of intensifying competition in the industrial sector, it is essential to understand how SHRM influences employees’ innovative capabilities and their alignment with environmental goals. Our research suggests that effective SHRM strategies can significantly increase self-efficacy and stimulate green innovation, thus reinforcing the alignment between individual and organizational environmental objectives. To empirically test these hypotheses, we conducted a survey of 487 employees and used Smart-PLS 4.0 for structural equation modeling. This method allowed us to examine both the mediating and moderating effects within our model. The results indicate that self-efficacy mediates the relationship between SHRM practices and green innovation, while person-organization fit significantly moderates the relationship between green innovation and environmental performance. This study offers novel insights into how SHRM can promote environmental consciousness and innovation within organizations. By underscoring the roles of self-efficacy and person-organization fit, our research enriches the broader scholarly dialog on strategic human resource management and its environmental implications.
Research on the spatial spillover effect of high-speed railway on the income of urban residents in China
Authors: Liu Yahong , Tang Daisheng , Wang Fengyu
Published: February 2024

The transportation infrastructure is a crucial component of social capital, as it aids in fostering national economic growth. The speed of resource elements’ spatial movement is increased by high-speed railways (HSR), thereby affecting the intensity and direction of regional economic connections. This study investigates how HSR impacts urban regional accessibility and the spatial spillover of urban residents’ income from a spatial viewpoint. The study found that: First, between 2000 and 2018, the introduction and functioning of HSR, along with the increased speed of regular railway services, led to an overall enhancement in urban regional accessibility and urban positioning. Second, there exists a notable spatial correlation between regional accessibility and labor market income. Cities with either high or low labor market income exhibit spatial clustering in the same direction at the spatial level. Enhancing regional accessibility typically leads to an increase in labor market income throughout the entire region. Third, the nearby cities with greater regional accessibility exert a siphon effect on the local area. Fourth, the labor market income is interdependent and promoted among cities. The labor market income of a city is positively influenced by the nearby cities and neighboring cities with comparable income levels. Fifth, between 2012 and 2018, the construction of HSR and the structural transformation of the labor market led to a notable increase in income through a positive spatial spillover effect.
Upregulation of TaHSP90A transcripts enhances heat tolerance and increases grain yield in wheat under changing climate conditions
Authors: Ammar Ali , Ali Zulfiqar , Saddique Muhammad Abu Bakar , Habib-ur-Rahman Muhammad , Ali Imtiaz
Published: February 2024

Plants have certain adaptation mechanisms to combat temperature extremes and fluctuations. The heat shock protein (HSP90A) plays a crucial role in plant defence mechanisms under heat stress. In silico analysis of the eight TaHSP90A transcripts showed diverse structural patterns in terms of intron/exons, domains, motifs and cis elements in the promoter region in wheat. These regions contained cis elements related to hormones, biotic and abiotic stress and development. To validate these findings, two contrasting wheat genotypes E-01 (thermo-tolerant) and SHP-52 (thermo-sensitive) were used to evaluate the expression pattern of three transcripts TraesCS2A02G033700.1, TraesCS5B02G258900.3 and TraesCS5D02G268000.2 in five different tissues at five different temperature regimes. Expression of TraesCS2A02G033700.1 was upregulated (2-fold) in flag leaf tissue after 1 and 4 h of heat treatment in E-01. In contrast, SHP-52 showed downregulated expression after 1 h of heat treatment. Additionally, it was shown that under heat stress, the increased expression of TaHSP90A led to an increase in grain production. As the molecular mechanism of genes involved in heat tolerance at the reproductive stage is mostly unknown, these results provide new insights into the role of TaHSP90A transcripts in developing phenotypic plasticity in wheat to develop heat-tolerant cultivars under the current changing climate scenario.
The effect of grazing management and legumes on soil organic carbon stocks in pastoral systems relevant to the Australian Carbon Credit Unit Scheme: a critical review
Authors: Debney Alice , Lobry de Bruyn Lisa
Published: February 2024

Soil carbon dynamics and the potential of management to influence its sequestration and storage is receiving global recognition. The Australian federal government’s emissions trading scheme includes a list of eligible activities whereby a landholder can earn Australian Carbon Credit Units through documenting soil carbon stocks over time. A systematic literature review was undertaken to establish the nature and geographical spread of evidence on the impact of grazing management and legume inclusion in pastoral systems (two of the eligible management activities) on soil carbon stocks. A small number of eligible research articles were identified in Australia (n = 14) from the global literature. Published studies were mainly in New South Wales and Queensland (from 2010 to 2020) on a variety of soil types across all climatic zones. In the majority of studies, there was limited ability to determine the effect of the eligible activities on soil carbon stock due to experimental design and one-off sampling. The legume studies (n = 3) that did show accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) had sampled SOC stocks before and after treatment imposed, accounted for equivalent soil mass, and were all conducted on a research station. Interpreting the impacts of management was hindered by insufficient documentation of grazing management history that was often confounded by the biophysical drivers of soil carbon dynamics, and reporting SOC stocks for a fixed soil depth (50% of studies). An investment in resampling those sites sampled more than 10 years ago in close proximity to original sampling location could provide greater insight into the expected levels of SOC accumulation.
Temperature-induced disruptive growth rate behavior due to streaming instability in semiconductor quantum plasma with nanoparticles
Authors: Sharma Krishna , Luitel Homnath , Ali Rustam , Deka Utpal
Published: February 2024

The nature of the growth rate due to streaming instability in a semiconductor quantum plasma implanted with nanoparticles has been analyzed using the quantum hydrodynamic model. In this study, the intriguing effect of temperature, beam electron speed, and electron-hole density on growth rate and frequency is investigated. The results show that the growth rate demonstrates a nonlinear behavior, strongly linked to the boron implantation, beam electron streaming speed and quantum correction factor. A noteworthy finding in this work is the discontinuous nature of the growth rate of streaming instability in boron implanted semiconducting plasma system. The implantation leads to a gap in the growth rate which further gets enhanced upon increase in concentration of implantation. This behavior is apparent only for a specific range of the ratio of thermal speed of the electrons to that of the holes.
Global linear and nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of tearing modes
Authors: Jitsuk T. , Di Siena A. , Pueschel M.J. , Terry P.W. , Widmer F. , Poli E. , Sarff J.S.
Published: February 2024

To better understand multi-scale interactions between global tearing modes and microturbulence in the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) reversed-field pinch (RFP), the global gyrokinetic code Gene is modified to describe global tearing mode instability via a shifted Maxwellian (SM) distribution consistent with experimental equilibria. The implementation of the SM is tested and benchmarked by comparisons with different codes and models. Good agreement is obtained in code-code and code-theory comparisons. Linear stability of tearing modes of a non-reversed MST discharge is studied. A collisionality scan is performed to the lowest order unstable modes (n = 5, n = 6) and shown to behave consistently with theoretical scaling. The nonlinear evolution is simulated, and saturation is found to arise from mode coupling and transfer of energy from the most unstable tearing mode to small-scale stable modes mediated by the m = 2 tearing mode. The work described herein lays the foundation for nonlinear simulation and analysis of the interaction of tearing modes and gyroradius-scale instabilities in RFP plasmas.
First measurements with monolithic active pixel test structures produced in a 65 nm CMOS process
Authors: Buckland M. ,   the ALICE collaboration
Published: February 2024

The Inner Tracking System (ITS) of the ALICE experiment at CERN will undergo an upgrade during the LHC long shutdown 3, in which the three innermost tracking layers will be replaced. This upgrade, named the Inner Tracking System 3 (ITS3), employs stitched wafer-scale Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process. The sensors are 260 mm in length and thinned to less than 50 μm then bent to form truly half-cylindrical half-barrels. The feasibility of this process for the ITS3 was explored with the first test production run (MLR1) in 2021, whose goal was to evaluate the charged particle detection efficiency and the sensor performance under non-ionising and ionising radiation up to the expected levels for ALICE ITS3 of 1013 1 MeV neq cm-2 (NIEL) and 10 kGy (TID). Three sensor flavours were produced to investigate this process: Analog Pixel Test Structure (APTS), Circuit Exploratoire 65 (CE65) and Digital Pixel Test Structure (DPTS).

This contribution gives an overview of the MLR1 submission and test results, describing the different sensor flavours and presenting the results of the performance measurements done with particle beams for various chip variants and irradiation levels.
The climatological renewable energy deviation index (credi)
Authors: Stoop Laurens P , van der Wiel Karin , Zappa William , Haverkamp Arno , Feelders Ad J , van den Broek Machteld
Published: February 2024

We propose an index to quantify and analyse the impact of climatological variability on the energy system at different timescales. We define the climatological renewable energy deviation index (credi) as the cumulative anomaly of a renewable resource with respect to its climate over a specific time period of interest. For this we introduce the smooth, yet physical, hourly rolling window climatology that captures the expected hourly to yearly behaviour of renewable resources. We analyse the presented index at decadal, annual and (sub-)seasonal timescales for a sample region and discuss scientific and practical implications. credi is meant as an analytical tool for researchers and stakeholders to help them quantify, understand, and explain, the impact of energy-meteorological variability on future energy system. Improved understanding translates to better assessments of how renewable resources, and the associated risks for energy security, may fare in current and future climatological settings. The practical use of the index is in resource planning. For example transmission system operators may be able to adjust short-term planning to reduce adequacy issues before they occur or combine the index with storyline event selection for improved assessments of climate change related risks.
A database of basic numerical invariants of Hilbert modular surfaces
Authors: Assaf Eran , Babei Angelica , Breen Ben , Costa Edgar , Duque-Rosero Juanita , Horawa Aleksander , Kieffer Jean , Kulkarni Avinash , Molnar Grant , Schiavone Sam , Voight John
Published: February 2024

We describe algorithms for computing geometric invariants for Hilbert modular surfaces, and we report on their implementation.