bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of meta-analysis and preregistration in assessing the evidence for cleansing effects
Authors: Ross Robert M. , van Aert Robbie C. M. , van den Akker Olmo R. , van Elk Michiel
Published: February 2021

Lee and Schwarz interpret meta-analytic research and replication studies as providing evidence for the robustness of cleansing effects. We argue that the currently available evidence is unconvincing because (a) publication bias and the opportunistic use of researcher degrees of freedom appear to have inflated meta-analytic effect size estimates, and (b) preregistered replications failed to find any evidence of cleansing effects.
Grounded procedures in mind and society
Authors: Lee Spike W. S. , Schwarz Norbert
Published: February 2021

Our commentators explore the operation of grounded procedures across all levels of analysis in the behavioral sciences, from mental to social, developmental, and evolutionary/functional. Building on them, we offer two integrative principles for systematic effects of grounded procedures to occur. We discuss theoretical topics at each level of analysis, address methodological recommendations, and highlight further extensions of grounded procedures.
The global care network and its impact on sending and receiving countries: current knowledge and future directions
Authors: Ayalon Liat
Published: February 2021

Research concerning the effects of migrants on elder care in affluent receiving countries has been substantial, but we know little about the effects of migrant care on elder care in sending countries. There also is limited research on elder care in the context of the return migration of migrant care workers. This theoretical article explores the potential relevance of a social network perspective, which views individuals and countries as being interconnected even when they are miles apart. A multi-level framework that considers macro-, meso- and micro-level perspectives is introduced to better account for current migrant care arrangements. The macro-level perspective takes into account country-level characteristics including policies, geography and cultural preferences; the meso-level perspective takes into account the characteristics of the entire network, which may spread over different countries; and the micro-level perspective concerns the unique characteristics of the individuals who make up the network. This approach proposes that the effects of migrant home care go way beyond the care recipient–care-giver dyads or triads to incorporate many individuals and countries that are transnationally interconnected via the work of care. This article also aims to increase public and scientific awareness to the potential impact of migrant care and return migration on elder care in the sending countries by stressing a transnational social network perspective.
Eugenol influences the expression of messenger RNAs for superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase 1 in bovine secondary follicles cultured in vitro
Authors: Vasconcelos E.M. , Costa F.C. , Azevedo A.V.N. , Barroso P.A.A. , de Assis E.I.T. , Paulino L.R.F.M. , Silva B.R. , Silva A.W.B. , Souza A.L.P. , Silva J.R.V.
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effects of eugenol on growth, viability, antrum formation and mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) and peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) in bovine secondary follicles cultured in vitro. To this end, bovine ovaries were collected from a local slaughterhouse and in the laboratory the follicles were isolated from the ovarian cortex. The follicles were then cultured in TCM-199+ alone or supplemented with different concentrations of eugenol (0.5, 5.0 and 50.0 μM). Follicular diameters and antrum formation were evaluated on days 0, 6, 12 and 18. Viability analysis was performed using calcein and ethidium homodimer. Real-time PCR was used to quantify mRNA levels for SOD, CAT, GPX1 and PRDX6 in cultured follicles. Follicular diameters and mRNA levels in follicles cultured in vitro were compared using analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis tests, while follicular survival and antrum formation were compared using the chi-squared test (P < 0.05). The results showed that secondary follicles cultured with eugenol maintained similar morphology and viability to follicles cultured in the control group. A progressive increase in follicular diameter was observed between days 0 and 12 for all treatments, except for follicles cultured with 50 µM eugenol. Eugenol (5.0 and 50.0 μM) increased mRNA levels for GPX1 in cultured follicles, but 0.5 μM eugenol reduced mRNA levels for SOD. The addition of eugenol did not influence mRNA expression for CAT and PRDX6. In conclusion, eugenol supplementation reduces mRNA levels for SOD and increases mRNA levels of GPX1 in bovine secondary follicles cultured in vitro.
T-Minus 10 Days: The Role of an Academic Medical Institution in Field Hospital Planning
Authors: Bell Sue Anne , Dossett Lesly A. , Cespero Jesus , Guntupalli Mayuri , Dickey Keith , Eliason Jonathan , Coleman Dawn
Published: February 2021

Alternate care sites (ACS) are locations that can be converted to provide either in-patient and/or out-patient health care services when existing facilities are compromised by a hazard impact or the volume of patients exceeds available capacity and/or capabilities. In March through May of 2020, Michigan Medicine (MM), the affiliated health system of the University of Michigan, planned a 500 bed ACS at an off-site location. Termed the Michigan Medicine Field Hospital (MMFH), this ACS was intended to be a step-down care facility for low-acuity COVID-19 positive MM patients who could be transitioned from the hospital setting and safely cared for prior to discharge home, while also allowing increased bed capacity in the remaining MM hospitals for additional critical patient care. The planning was organized into six units: personnel and labor, security, clinical operations, logistics and supply, planning and training, and communications. The purpose of this report is to describe the development and planning of an ACS within the MM academic medical center (AMC) to discuss anticipated barriers to success and to suggest guidance for health systems in future planning.
Preferences for consensus and majoritarian democracy: long- and short-term influences
Authors: Ferrín Mónica , Hernández Enrique
Published: February 2021

This article analyzes individuals’ preferences for a consensus or a majoritarian type of democracy. We theorize that variation in these preferences is a function of both institutional learning (long term) and individuals’ position as a political minority or majority (short term). First, as a result of institutional learning, we expect that individuals living in democracies characterized by coalition governments will favor consensus democracy. Conversely, those living in countries characterized by single-party executives will favor majoritarian democracy. Second, we expect that individuals’ position as an electoral minority or majority will affect these beliefs. Those who vote for small parties will favor a consensus democracy, while those who vote for large parties will support a majoritarian system. However, whether institutional learning or individuals’ position as a political minority or majority prevail in influencing these preferences about the ideal model of democracy will be a function of the democratic trajectory of each country. We test these arguments drawing on data from the European Social Survey.
Simultaneous Observation of an Auroral Dawn Storm With the Hubble Space Telescope and Juno
Authors: Swithenbank‐Harris B. G. , Nichols J. D. , Allegrini F. , Bagenal F. , Bonfond B. , Bunce E. J. , Clark G. , Kurth W. S. , Mauk B. H. , Wilson R. J.
Published: February 2021

On July 13, 2016, the Hubble Space Telescope observed the onset of a dawn storm in Jupiter's northern ultraviolet aurora, while the NASA Juno spacecraft simultaneously traversed the dawnside outer magnetosphere. This represents the first concurrent auroral and in situ magnetospheric observations of the onset of a dawn storm at Jupiter. Mapping the auroral emission to the magnetosphere reveals the dawn storm corresponds to a source region at ∼60 Jupiter radii, and the eastward edge propagates toward local noon at speeds exceeding corotation. Particle observations from Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment (JADE) and Jupiter Energetic particle Detector Instrument (JEDI) reveal the presence of enhanced hot plasma density in the outer magnetosphere during this interval, and pitch angle distributions measured with JEDI reveal pronounced field‐aligned proton and heavy ion motion. Juno magnetometer (MAG) signatures reveal a reversal in the azimuthal magnetic field at the time of storm onset, suggesting acceleration of the hot plasma population above typical sub‐corotational speeds. JEDI also detects a region of energetic particles which persists throughout the day following the storm, a feature which is not observed during subsequent perijoves. We interpret this dawn storm as the result of reconnection at earlier local times, possibly associated with a disruption of the azimuthal magnetodisk current.
The Influence of Obliquely Propagating Monsoon Gravity Waves in the Southern Polar Summer Mesosphere After Stratospheric Sudden Warmings in the Winter Stratosphere
Authors: Alexandre D. , Thurairajah B. , England S. L. , Cullens C. Y.
Published: February 2021

Oblique propagation of gravity waves (GWs) refers to the latitudinal propagation (or vertical propagation away from their source) from the low‐latitude troposphere to the polar mesosphere. This propagation is not included in current gravity wave parameterization schemes, but may be an important component of the global dynamical structure. Previous studies have revealed a high correlation between observations of GW pseudomomentum flux (GWMF) from monsoon convection and Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMCs) in the northern hemisphere. In this work, we report on data and model analysis of the effects of stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) in the northern hemisphere, on the oblique propagation of GWs from the southern hemisphere tropics, which in turn influence PMCs in the southern summer mesosphere. In response to SSWs, the propagation of GWs at the midlatitude winter hemisphere is enhanced. This enhancement appears to be slanted toward the equator with increasing altitude and follows the stratospheric eastward jet. The oblique propagation of GWs from the southern monsoon regions tends to start at higher altitudes with a sharper poleward slanted structure toward the summer mesosphere. The correlation between PMCs in the summer southern hemisphere and the zonal GWMF from 50°N to 50°S exhibits a pattern of high‐correlation coefficients that connects the winter stratosphere with the summer mesosphere, indicating the influence of Interhemispheric Coupling mechanism. Temperature and wind anomalies suggest that the dynamics in the winter hemisphere can influence the equatorial region, which in turn, can influence the oblique propagation of monsoon GWs.
Paleogene V‐Shaped Basins and Neogene Subsidence of the Northern Lesser Antilles Forearc
Authors: Boucard M. , Marcaillou B. , Lebrun J.‐F. , Laurencin M. , Klingelhoefer F. , Laigle M. , Lallemand S. , Schenini L. , Graindorge D. , Cornée J.‐J. , Münch P. , Philippon M. , the ANTITHESIS and GARANTI Scientific Teams
Published: February 2021

Oblique collision of buoyant provinces against subduction zones frequently results in individualizing and rotating regional‐scale blocks. In contrast, the collision of the Bahamas Bank against the Northeastern Caribbean Plate increased the margin convexity triggering forearc fragmentation into small‐scale blocks. This deformation results in a prominent sequence of V‐shaped basins that widens trenchward separated by elevated spurs, in the Northern Lesser Antilles (NLA, i.e., Guadeloupe to Virgin Island). In absence of deep structure imaging, various competing models were proposed to account for this Basins‐and‐Spurs System. However, high‐resolution bathymetric and deep multichannel seismic data acquired during cruises ANTITHESIS 1‐3, reveal a drastically different tectonic evolution of the NLA Forearc.

During Eocene‐Oligocene time, the Caribbean Northeastern Boundary accommodated the Bahamas Bank collision and the subsequent margin convex bending by major left‐lateral strike‐slip faults systems in the Greater Antilles and by trench‐parallel extension along N40°–90°‐trending normal faults in the NLA. Block rotations, forearc fracturing, and V‐shaped valleys opening went along with this tectonic phase, which ends up with tectonic uplifts and an earliest‐middle Miocene regional emersion phase. Post middle Miocene regional subsidence and tectonic extension in the forearc are partly accommodated along the newly imaged N300°‐trending, 200‐km‐long normal Tintamarre Faults Zone. This drastic subsidence phase reveals vigorous margin basal erosion, which likely generated the synchronous westward migration of the volcanic arc. Thus, unlike widely accepted previous theoretical models, the NE‐SW faulting and the prominent V‐shaped valleys result from a past and sealed tectonic phase related to the margin bending and subsequent blocks rotation.
Bioinformatics-aided identification, characterization and applications of mushroom linalool synthases
Authors: Zhang Congqiang , Chen Xixian , Lee Raphael Tze Chuen , T Rehka , Maurer-Stroh Sebastian , Rühl Martin
Published: February 2021

Enzymes empower chemical industries and are the keystone for metabolic engineering. For example, linalool synthases are indispensable for the biosynthesis of linalool, an important fragrance used in 60–80% cosmetic and personal care products. However, plant linalool synthases have low activities while expressed in microbes. Aided by bioinformatics analysis, four linalool/nerolidol synthases (LNSs) from various Agaricomycetes were accurately predicted and validated experimentally. Furthermore, we discovered a linalool synthase (Ap.LS) with exceptionally high levels of selectivity and activity from Agrocybe pediades, ideal for linalool bioproduction. It effectively converted glucose into enantiopure (R)-linalool in Escherichia coli, 44-fold and 287-fold more efficient than its bacterial and plant counterparts, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the divergent evolution paths for plant, bacterial and fungal linalool synthases. More critically, structural comparison provided catalytic insights into Ap.LS superior specificity and activity, and mutational experiments validated the key residues responsible for the specificity.
Waveguiding properties of perylene microcrystals synthesized by retarding the growth along the π-stack direction
Authors: Jones Dorothy K. , Cheng Che-Hsuan , Li Zidong , Zhang Xinran , Deotare Parag B. , Gavvalapalli Nagarjuna
Published: February 2021

Selective, hard to realize growth retardation of the π-stacking direction over the edge-packing direction is achieved in perylene microcrystals. Unprecedented exciton–polariton waveguiding is observed in rods along the pure edge-packing direction.
Comment on “Bi-layering at ionic liquid surfaces: a sum – frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy – and molecular dynamics simulation-based study” by T. Iwahashi, T. Ishiyama, Y. Sakai, A. Morita, D. Kim and Y. Ouchi, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2020, 22, 12565
Authors: Deutsch Moshe , Magnussen Olaf M. , Haddad Julia , Pontoni Diego , Murphy Bridget M. , Ocko Benjamin M.
Published: February 2021

Serious discrepancies are demonstrated between the proposed mono/bilayer surface structure and X-ray measurements, which rather support a depth-decaying multilayer surface structure.
Nitrogen as a pnicogen?: evidence for π-hole driven novel pnicogen bonding interactions in nitromethane–ammonia aggregates using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and ab initio computations
Authors: Chandra Swaroop , Suryaprasad B. , Ramanathan N. , Sundararajan K.
Published: February 2021

The electrophilic role of nitrogen in hosting a pnicogen bond within model matrix isolated nitromethane–ammonia aggregates.
Gadolinium theranostics for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer
Authors: Robertson Amy G. , Rendina Louis M.
Published: February 2021

Combining therapeutic and diagnostic tools into a single ‘theranostic’ platform lies at the forefront of cancer research. Some of the most promising theranostics exploit the unique nuclear and electronic properties of the lanthanoid metal gadolinium.
Copper(i)–iodide cluster structures as functional and processable platform materials
Authors: Troyano Javier , Zamora Félix , Delgado Salomé
Published: February 2021

This review provides a complete overview of the progress towards implementation of CuI-nanoclusters in functional materials and devices.
Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane: catalytic and mechanistic aspects and future trends
Authors: Najari Sara , Saeidi Samrand , Concepcion Patricia , Dionysiou Dionysios D. , Bhargava Suresh K. , Lee Adam F. , Wilson Karen
Published: February 2021

Ethane oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) is an attractive, low energy, alternative route to reduce the carbon footprint for ethene production, however, the commercial implementation of ODH processes requires catalysts with improved selectivity.
Mechanistic insights of the degradation of an O-anisidine carcinogenic pollutant initiated by OH radical attack: theoretical investigations
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Mohamed A. , Shibl Mohamed F. , El-Nahas Ahmed M. , Abdel-Azeim Safwat , El-demerdash Safinaz H. , Al-Hashimi Nessreen
Published: February 2021

O-Anisidine (O-AND) is one of the amino organic compounds that harm human health, and is considered as a carcinogenic chemical.
Graphene nanoparticles-decorated silicon nanowires with tungsten oxide counter electrode for quasi-solid state hybrid solar cells
Authors: Kolay Ankita , Ojha Manoranjan , Deepa Melepurath
Published: February 2021

Visible light harvesting IL-GNP co-sensitized SiNW yield 7.93% efficiency for the solar cell. The I2,I- gel with SiO2 nanoparticles efficiently scavenges holes from IL-GNP/SiNW heterojunction and restricts photoanode degradation.
Revisiting the emergence of order in active matter
Authors: Chepizhko Oleksandr , Saintillan David , Peruani Fernando
Published: February 2021

The emergence of orientational order in active matter theory is deeply based in the study of Vicsek models. Here, it is shown that additive and non-additive interactions in these models lead to unexpected, different large-scale properties.
Oxidative cross-coupling processes inspired by the Chan–Lam reaction
Authors: Doyle Michael G. J. , Lundgren Rylan J.
Published: February 2021

This feature article describes our discovery and application of Cu-catalyzed oxidative coupling reactions of activated methylene derivatives or carboxylic acids with nucleophiles including aryl boronic esters and amines.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “Bi-layering at ionic liquid surfaces: a sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy- and molecular dynamics simulation-based study”’ by M. Deutsch, O. M. Magnussen, J. Haddad, D. Pontoni, B. M. Murphy and B. M. Ocko, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/D0CP04882H
Authors: Iwahashi Takashi , Ishiyama Tatsuya , Sakai Yasunari , Morita Akihiro , Kim Doseok , Ouchi Yukio
Published: February 2021

IV-SFG vibrational spectroscopy and MD simulation studies successfully demonstrate the presence of a “head-to-head” bi-layer structure at ionic liquid surfaces.
Surface passivation of organometal halide perovskites by atomic layer deposition: an investigation of the mechanism of efficient inverted planar solar cells
Authors: Zhao Ran , Zhang Kai , Zhu Jiahao , Xiao Shuang , Xiong Wei , Wang Jian , Liu Tanghao , Xing Guichuan , Wang Kaiyang , Yang Shihe , Wang Xinwei
Published: February 2021

Interface passivation plays a pivotal role in achieving high-efficiency organic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
Correction: Electronic conductance and thermopower of single-molecule junctions of oligo(phenyleneethynylene) derivatives
Authors: Dekkiche Hervé , Gemma Andrea , Tabatabaei Fatemeh , Batsanov Andrei S. , Niehaus Thomas , Gotsmann Bernd , Bryce Martin R.
Published: February 2021

Correction for ‘Electronic conductance and thermopower of single-molecule junctions of oligo(phenyleneethynylene) derivatives’ by Hervé Dekkiche et al., Nanoscale, 2020, 12, 18908–18917, DOI: 10.1039/D0NR04413J.
Correction: Magnon-drag thermopower in antiferromagnets versus ferromagnets
Authors: Polash Md. Mobarak Hossain , Mohaddes Farzad , Rasoulianboroujeni Morteza , Vashaee Daryoosh
Published: February 2021

Correction for ‘Magnon-drag thermopower in antiferromagnets versus ferromagnets’ by Md. Mobarak Hossain Polash et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2020, 8, 4049–4057, DOI: 10.1039/C9TC06330G.
Design of smooth hybrid controllers for a class of non‐linear systems
Authors: Shamgah Laya , Getahun Tadewos Tadewos , Karimoddini Ali
Published: February 2021

Symbolic planning techniques rely on abstract information about a continuous system to design a discrete planner to satisfy desired high‐level objectives. However, applying the generated discrete commands of the discrete planner to the original system may face several challenges, including real‐time implementation, preserving the properties of high‐level objectives in the continuous domain, and issues such as discontinuity in control signals that may physically harm the system. To address these issues and challenges, the authors proposed a novel hybrid control structure for systems with non‐linear multi‐affine dynamics over rectangular partitions. In the proposed framework, a discrete planner can be separately designed to achieve high‐level specifications. Then, the proposed hybrid controller generates jumpless continuous control signals to drive the system over the partitioned space executing the discrete commands of the planner. The hybrid controller generates continuous signals in real‐time while respecting the dynamics of the system and preserving the desired objectives of the high‐level plan. The design process is described in detail and the existence and uniqueness of the proposed solution are investigated. Finally, several case studies are provided to verify the effectiveness of the developed technique.
Three years of HARPS-N high-resolution spectroscopy and precise radial velocity data for the Sun
Authors: Dumusque X. , Cretignier M. , Sosnowska D. , Buchschacher N. , Lovis C. , Phillips D. F. , Pepe F. , Alesina F. , Buchhave L. A. , Burnier J. , Cecconi M. , Cegla H. M. , Cloutier R. , Collier Cameron A. , Cosentino R. , Ghedina A. , González M. , Haywood R. D. , Latham D. W. , Lodi M. , López-Morales M. , Maldonado J. , Malavolta L. , Micela G. , Molinari E. , Mortier A. , Pérez Ventura H. , Pinamonti M. , Poretti E. , Rice K. , Riverol L. , Riverol C. , San Juan J. , Ségransan D. , Sozzetti A. , Thompson S. J. , Udry S. , Wilson T. G.
Published: February 2021

Context. The solar telescope connected to HARPS-N has been observing the Sun since the summer of 2015. Such a high-cadence, long-baseline data set is crucial for understanding spurious radial-velocity signals induced by our Sun and by the instrument. On the instrumental side, this data set allowed us to detect sub- m s−1 systematics that needed to be corrected for.

Aims. The goals of this manuscript are to (i) present a new data reduction software for HARPS-N, (ii) demonstrate the improvement brought by this new software during the first three years of the HARPS-N solar data set, and (iii) release all the obtained solar products, from extracted spectra to precise radial velocities.

Methods. To correct for the instrumental systematics observed in the data reduced with the current version of the HARPS-N data reduction software (DRS version 3.7), we adapted the newly available ESPRESSO DRS (version 2.2.3) to HARPS-N and developed new optimised recipes for the spectrograph. We then compared the first three years of HARPS-N solar data reduced with the current and new DRS.

Results. The most significant improvement brought by the new DRS is a strong decrease in the day-to-day radial-velocity scatter, from 1.27 to 1.07 m s−1; this is thanks to a more robust method to derive wavelength solutions, but also to the use of calibrations closer in time. The newly derived solar radial-velocities are also better correlated with the chromospheric activity level of the Sun in the long term, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.93 compared to 0.77 before, which is expected from our understanding of stellar signals. Finally, we also discuss how HARPS-N spectral ghosts contaminate the measurement of the calcium activity index, and we present an efficient technique to derive an index free of instrumental systematics.

Conclusions. This paper presents a new data reduction software for HARPS-N and demonstrates its improvements, mainly in terms of radial-velocity precision, when applied to the first three years of the HARPS-N solar data set. Those newly reduced solar data, representing an unprecedented time series of 34 550 high-resolution spectra and precise radial velocities, are released alongside this paper. Those data are crucial to understand stellar activity signals in solar-type stars further and develop the mitigating techniques that will allow us to detect other Earths.
Acceleration characteristics of laser ablation Cu plasma in the electrostatic field
Authors: Duan Buren , Zhang Haonan , Wu Lizhi , Hua Zuohao , Bao Zijing , Guo Ning , Ye Yinghua , Shen Ruiqi
Published: February 2021

As a new concept of space propulsion system, laser-ablation propulsion has attracted more and more attention due to its characteristics of low power consumption, high specific impulse, variable and controllable thrust. With an aim to further raise up the movement velocity of plasma, we combine the laser with high-voltage electrostatic field to accelerate the Cu plasma induced by laser ablation. To demonstrate the acceleration characteristics of plasma under different electric field intensity, the plasma conductivity, plasma shockwave intensity and plasma plume movement process were tested using parallel electrode plate device, self-made torsion pendulum impulse test bench and high-speed ICCD camera. The results showed that the conductive current and impulse formed by the plasma obviously increased under the applied electric field. The images captured by high-speed ICCD camera showed the plasma cross-sectional area was 0.194 mm2 at 900 ns and 0.217 mm2 at 1600 ns when the electric field intensity was 0 V/mm. With the electric field intensity increased to 30 V/mm, the plasma cross-sectional area elevated to 0.280 mm2 at 900 ns and 0.288 mm2 at 1600 ns. The acquisitions prove that the idea of this paper is feasible and favorable, which provide a theoretical basis for the combination of laser ablation propulsion and electric field.
Feind oder Freund?
Authors: Salome Dressler Luna
Published: February 2021

Während ihrer Ausbildung zur Operationstechnischen Assistentin hatte unsere Autorin auch Einsätze in der Anästhesie und Aufbereitung. Hier berichtet sie, welche Erfahrungen sie beim Blick über den Tellerrand sammeln konnte und wie sich die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit optimieren lässt.
Erfolgsrezepte bei Immunschwäche
Authors: Theegarten Martin , Tennie Roland , Domes Andrea , Fabricius Jutta
Published: February 2021

Vier Experten stellen Erfolgsrezepte bei Immunschwäche mit Konstitutionsmitteln, Komplexmitteln, Schüßler-Salzen und über die Stärkung des Darmimmunsystems vor.
Mit Zuversicht ins Jahr 2021
Authors: Best Norman
Published: February 2021

Beim Erscheinen dieser ersten Ausgabe des Jahres 2021 ist das Neue Jahr schon „gut gebraucht“. Aktuell, beim Verfassen dieser Zeilen, sind die Eindrücke der Feiertage noch deutlich und die Pandemie wütet jetzt noch mit voller Grausamkeit. Dennoch möchte ich in positiven Gedanken auf das vor uns liegende Jahr schauen.
Wie wir heilen
Authors: Lohmann Maria
Published: February 2021

Naturheilkundliches Diagnostizieren und Therapieren ist geprägt von miteinander verwobenen Prinzipien, von denen hier drei zentrale – Konstitutionstherapie, Umstimmung sowie Aus- und Ableiten – näher vorgestellt werden. Aus den Therapieprinzipien leiten sich verschiedene Regeln und Vorgehensweisen ab, die allgemeine physiologische, konstitutionelle und individuelle Gegebenheiten berücksichtigen. Im Zentrum jeder naturheilkundlichen – in der Regel kausalen – Behandlung steht die Stärkung der Selbstheilungs- und Widerstandskräfte.
Der Weg zur eigenen Heilpraktikerpraxis
Authors: Linnenbrügger Petra
Published: February 2021

Ein persönlicher Bericht: Von der Ausbildung zur erfolgreichen Praxisgründung und -etablierung.
Staging esophageal cancer: low EUS accuracy in t2n0 patients
Authors: de Nucci Germana , Petrone Maria Chiara , Imperatore Nicola , Asti Emanuele , Rossi Gemma , Manes Giampiero , Vecchi Maurizio , Pastorelli Luca , Bonavina Luigi , Arcidiacono Paolo Giorgio
Published: February 2021

Background and study aims Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. Staging of EC is performed with computed tomography (CT), positron-emission tomography (PET), and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). Patient management mostly depends on lymph node status. Compared to histopathology, the accuracy of EUS for T and N parameters is about 85 % and 75 %, respectively. Errors in staging may change prognosis. The aim of this study was to assess the role of EUS in T2-N0 EC considering the experience of two high-volume digestive endoscopic centers.

Methods Two prospectively collected databases were queried to identify all patients with EC, staged as cT2N0 by EUS, with no distant metastases at CT/PET scan and who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy. Preoperative EUS staging (cTNM) was compared to histopathology of the surgical specimen (pTNM) to evaluate accuracy.

Results Of 729 consecutive patients with EC between January 2011 and September 2018, 72 (49 men) had cT2N0 disease. CT and PET scans confirmed the absence of distant metastasis. In 43 of 72 patients (60 %), the evaluation was correct, 23 of 72 (31,7 %) were understaged, and six of 72 patients (8,3 %) were overstaged. Among the understaged patients, eight were understaged by tumor depth (35 %), seven by nodal involvement (30 %), and eight by both (35 %). All six patients who were overstaged had T1b-N0 disease. EUS accuracy was 77 % in staging for tumor depth and 82 % in staging for nodal metastases. The positive predictive value (PPV) for cT2N0 EC was 60 % (43 pT2N0 /72 cT2N).

Conclusions The accuracy of EUS staging of T2N0 EC is low, with only 60 % of patients undergoing appropriate therapy based on histopathology.
Zum Beitrag „Wie hoch ist die optimale Mindestmenge für die Behandlung Frühgeborener mit einem Geburtsgewicht unter 1250 g in Deutschland?“
Authors: Pohlandt Frank
Published: February 2021

Es war Ziel der Autoren mit ihrer Arbeit zu klären, ob ein Schwellenwert identifiziert werden kann, für den ein optimaler Behandlungseffekt nach Einführung einer Mindestmenge zu erwarten ist 1. Das ist ein wichtiges Ziel.
Überzeugung auf den ersten Klick
Authors: Bramhoff Gregor
Published: February 2021

Eine klare Struktur, ein stimmiges Design und relevante Inhalte sind die Grundlage für erfolgreiche Heilpraktiker-Websites, die gut informieren und zur persönlichen Kontaktaufnahme einladen. Barrierefreiheit und Responsive Design (siehe S. 60) sind wichtige Gestaltungsprinzipien, die heute dank technischer Standards unkompliziert umgesetzt werden können. Es gibt eine Reihe von presse- und datenschutzrechtlichen Aspekten wie das Impressum, Cookie-Banner oder die Datenschutzerklärung, die beim Betrieb einer Website berücksichtigt werden müssen.
Zu neuem (Gleich-)Gewicht
Authors: Lohmann Maria
Published: February 2021

Eine Kurzkasuistik zur Veranschaulichung naturheilkundlicher Therapieprinzipien und Methoden.
Multidisciplinary Management of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula
Authors: Glencer Alexa , Kirkwood Kim , Schwertner Adam , Keller Cody , Arain Mustafa , Avila Patrick , Hovsepian David M.
Published: February 2021

Postoperative pancreatic fistulas are complex, challenging problems that often take weeks, months, or longer to resolve. Multiple interventions may be required to achieve a successful outcome. As such, resolution typically involves a multidisciplinary approach by a team whose skills include abdominal imaging, specialized surgery, advanced endoscopy, and interventional radiology. Intensive resources and time are often required, which impacts both patients and their caregivers. While treatment(s) continue to improve, a primary goal of research efforts in this area is the prevention of this significant source of postoperative morbidity, mortality, and economic strain.
Improving Patient-Centered Communication about Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy through Computerized Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Grout Randall W. , Buchhalter Jeffrey , Patel Anup D. , Brin Amy , Clark Ann A. , Holmay Mary , Story Tyler J. , Downs Stephen M.
Published: February 2021

Background Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a rare but fatal risk that patients, parents, and professional societies clearly recommend discussing with patients and families. However, this conversation does not routinely happen.

Objectives This pilot study aimed to demonstrate whether computerized decision support could increase patient communication about SUDEP.

Methods A prospective before-and-after study of the effect of computerized decision support on delivery of SUDEP counseling. The intervention was a screening, alerting, education, and follow-up SUDEP module for an existing computerized decision support system (the Child Health Improvement through Computer Automation [CHICA]) in five urban pediatric primary care clinics. Families of children with epilepsy were contacted by telephone before and after implementation to assess if the clinician discussed SUDEP at their respective encounters.

Results The CHICA–SUDEP module screened 7,154 children age 0 to 21 years for seizures over 7 months; 108 (1.5%) reported epilepsy. We interviewed 101 families after primary care encounters (75 before and 26 after implementation) over 9 months. After starting CHICA–SUDEP, the number of caregivers who reported discussing SUDEP with their child's clinician more than doubled from 21% (16/75) to 46% (12/26; p = 0.03), and when the parent recalled who brought up the topic, 80% of the time it was the clinician. The differences between timing and sampling methodologies of before and after intervention cohorts could have led to potential sampling and recall bias.

Conclusion Clinician–family discussions about SUDEP significantly increased in pediatric primary care clinics after introducing a systematic, computerized screening and decision support module. These tools demonstrate potential for increasing patient-centered education about SUDEP, as well as incorporating other guideline-recommended algorithms into primary and subspecialty cares.

Clinical Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03502759.
The Double Whammy of Obesity and Diabetes on Female Reproductive Health
Authors: Thong Eleanor P. , Burden Christy
Published: February 2021

The rising global prevalence of obesity and diabetes, especially in youth, confers substantial metabolic consequences and increased mortality in affected individuals. While obesity is strongly tied to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, emerging evidence shows that obesity rates are also increasing exponentially in those with type 1 diabetes, contributing to insulin resistance and cardiometabolic sequelae. In addition, both obesity and diabetes can exert adverse effects on female reproductive health independently, with the presence of both conditions likely to exacerbate reproductive dysfunction in this cohort. If the current trends in obesity and diabetes incidence persist, it is likely that more women will be at risk of obesity- and diabetes-related reproductive disorders. This review aims to describe the epidemiology and mechanisms of obesity in women with diabetes, and summarize current literature regarding reproductive disorders in diabetes and weight management strategies in this cohort.
Role of Vitamin D in Risk Reduction of COVID-19: A Narrative Review
Authors: Mishra Pinki , Parveen Rizwana , Agarwal Nidhi Bharal
Published: February 2021

The world is in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to quarantine, public health interventions which can reduce the risk of infection and death are urgently required. This article discusses the roles of vitamin D in reducing the risk of COVID-19, and how vitamin D supplementation may be a useful risk reduction measure. Vitamin D can reduce the risk of infections through a variety of mechanisms: induction of cathelicidins and defensins that can lower the rate of viral replication and decrease the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are responsible for induction of inflammation, injuring lining of lungs and contributing to developing pneumonia. Evidence supporting the role of vitamin D in reducing the incidence of COVID-19 includes a) winter outbreak; b) a timeframe when concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) are lowest; c) a small number of cases in the southern hemisphere toward the end of summer; d) a vitamin D deficiency found to lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); e) and a rise in case-fatality rates with increasing age and comorbid chronic diseases, both of which are associated with lower concentrations of 25(OH)D. It is recommended that people at risk of COVID-19 consider taking 10,000 IU/d of vitamin D3 for a few weeks to rapidly increase 25(OH)D concentrations, followed by 5,000 IU/d to reduce the risk of infection. Higher doses of vitamin D3 may be useful for treating people who are infected with COVID-19. To test these guidelines, randomized controlled trials and comprehensive population studies should be performed.
Transport mechanisms limiting the efficiency of Sb2(S1-xSex)3 solar cells
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: February 2021

Results indicate that interface defects, particularly at the CdS/Sb 2 (SSe) 3  interface, contribute to a high deficit in open-circuit voltage and significant efficiency loss.
Model order reduction approach to the one-dimensional collisionless closure problem
Authors: Gillot C. , Dif-Pradalier G. , Garbet X. , Ghendrih P. , Grandgirard V. , Sarazin Y.
Published: February 2021

The problem of the fluid closure for the collisionless linear Vlasov system is investigated using a perspective from control theory and model order reduction. The balanced truncation method is applied to the 1D–1V Vlasov system. The first few reduction singular values are well-separated, indicating potentially low-dimensional dynamics. To avoid large-dimensional numerical work, a reduced model is formulated using rational interpolation, generalizing the seminal work from Hammett and Perkins. The resulting models are found to outperform the state-of-the-art models for thermal phase velocities. Thanks to the versatility of this formulation, an application to toroidal gyrokinetic dynamics is discussed.
Modeling and reduction of the gradient effect of a magnetic sensor for an aeromagnetic compensator
Authors: Ge Jian , Wang Wenjie , Dong Haobin , Liu Huan , Zhang Xinglin , Luo Wang , Zhang Haiyang , Zhu Jun
Published: February 2021

The traditional aeromagnetic compensation model does not consider the negative effects of the gradient of the geomagnetic background field. Especially in emergency aeromagnetic surveys, this gradient effect is obvious and can reduce the performance of magnetic compensation. To solve this problem, we propose a method of reducing the gradient effect of the magnetic sensor for aeromagnetic compensation. A magnetic gradient model of the Earth’s background field is established for the aeromagnetic compensation, and the gradient effect is then suppressed using altitude data. An experimental platform was built, and flight tests were conducted. Comparison results show that the adoption of the proposed method increased the improvement ratio (IR) of our compensator on two flights from 20.4 and 21.3 to 25.9 and 26.0, with the growth rates of the IR, respectively, reaching 27% and 22%.
Optical properties and symmetry optimization of spectrally (excitonically) uniform site-controlled GaAs pyramidal quantum dots
Authors: Ranjbar Jahromi Iman , Juska Gediminas , Varo Simone , Basso Basset Francesco , Salusti Francesco , Trotta Rinaldo , Gocalinska Agnieszka , Mattana Francesco , Pelucchi Emanuele
Published: February 2021

GaAs quantum dots (QDs) have recently emerged as state-of-the-art semiconductor sources of polarization-entangled photon pairs, however, without site-control capability. In this work, we present a systematic study of epitaxially grown GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs site-controlled pyramidal QDs possessing unrivaled excitonic uniformity in comparison to their InGaAs counterparts or GaAs QDs fabricated by other techniques. We have experimentally and systematically investigated the binding energy of biexcitons, highlighting the importance of the uniformity of all excitonic lines, rather than concentrating solely on the uniformity of the neutral exciton as a typical figure of merit, as it is normally done in the literature. We present optical signatures of GaAs QDs within a range of ∼250 meV with a remarkable uniformity within each individual sample, the ability to excite the biexciton state resonantly, and a systematic study of the fine-structure splitting (FSS) values—features important for polarization entangled photon emission. While, in general, we observe relatively large FSS distribution and associated non-uniformities, we discuss several strategies to suppress the average FSS values to <15 μeV.
Impurity band conduction in Si-doped
β
-Ga2O3 films
Authors: Rajapitamahuni Anil Kumar , Thoutam Laxman Raju , Ranga Praneeth , Krishnamoorthy Sriram , Jalan Bharat
Published: February 2021

By combining temperature-dependent resistivity and Hall effect measurements, we investigate donor state energy in Si-doped β-Ga2O3 films grown using metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. High-magnetic field (H) Hall effect measurements (–90 kOe ≤ H ≤ +90 kOe) showed non-linear Hall resistance for T < 150 K, revealing two-band conduction. Further analyses revealed carrier freeze out characteristics in both bands yielding donor state energies of ∼33.7 and ∼45.6 meV. The former is consistent with the donor energy of Si in β-Ga2O3, whereas the latter suggests a residual donor state. This study provides critical insight into the impurity band conduction and the defect energy states in β-Ga2O3 using high-field magnetotransport measurements.
Advanced calibration kit for scanning microwave microscope: Design, fabrication, and measurement
Authors: Le Quang T. , Gungor A. C. , Vasyukov D. , Hoffmann J. , Smajic J. , Zeier M.
Published: February 2021

We present in this paper a new design of a capacitive calibration kit for scanning microwave microscopy (SMM). As demonstrated by finite element modelings, the produced devices are highly independent of material parameters due to their lateral configuration. The fabrication of these gold-based structures is realized by using well established clean-room techniques. SMM measurements are performed under different conditions, and all capacitive structures exhibit a strong contrast with respect to the non-capacitive background. The obtained experimental data are employed to calibrate the used SMM tips and to extract the capacitance of produced devices following a method based on the short-open-load calibration algorithm for one-port vector network analyzers. The comparison of experimental capacitance and nominal values provided by our models proves the applicability of the used calibration approach for a wide frequency range.
The impact of magnetic fields on momentum transport and saturation of shear-flow instability by stable modes
Authors: Fraser A. E. , Terry P. W. , Zweibel E. G. , Pueschel M. J. , Schroeder J. M.
Published: February 2021

The Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instability of a shear layer with an initially uniform magnetic field in the direction of flow is studied in the framework of 2D incompressible magnetohydrodynamics with finite resistivity and viscosity using direct numerical simulations. The shear layer evolves freely, with no external forcing, and thus broadens in time as turbulent stresses transport momentum across it. As with hydrodynamic KH, the instability here features a conjugate stable mode for every unstable mode in the absence of dissipation. Stable modes are shown to transport momentum up its gradient, shrinking the layer width whenever they exceed unstable modes in amplitude. In simulations with weak magnetic fields, the linear instability is minimally affected by the field, but enhanced small-scale fluctuations relative to the hydrodynamic case are observed. These enhanced fluctuations coincide with increased energy dissipation and faster layer broadening, with these features more pronounced in simulations with stronger fields. These trends result from the magnetic field reducing the effects of stable modes relative to the transfer of energy to small scales. As field strength increases, stable modes become less excited, thus transporting less momentum against its gradient. Furthermore, the energy that would otherwise transfer back to the driving shear because of the stable modes is instead allowed to cascade to small scales, where it is lost to dissipation. Approximations of the turbulent state in terms of a reduced set of modes are explored. While the Reynolds stress is well-described using just two modes per wavenumber at large scales, the Maxwell stress is not.
Characteristics of plasma stream evolution in a pulsed plasma accelerator
Authors: Ahmed A. , Singha S. , Borthakur S. , Neog N. K. , Borthakur T. K. , Ghosh J.
Published: February 2021

The time-integrated spectroscopic measurements of argon plasma are carried out to characterize the transient plasma stream produced in a coaxial pulsed plasma accelerator. Transient plasmas produced in these types of devices have a temporal change in density and temperature. The temporal evolution of the plasma stream and its characteristic variation are studied from a time of 50–300 μs in steps of 50 μs. Analysis of different spectral lines shows the existence of some metastable states of Ar+ having a long lifetime. The evolution of different Ar+ transitions to metastable and non-metastable lower levels is observed for different time frames. From the Stark broadening and Boltzmann plot method assuming the partial local thermodynamic equilibrium model, the plasma densities and excitation temperatures are estimated. The temporal evolution study shows a decrease in plasma densities from 1.96 × 1021 m−3 at 50 μs to 1.23 × 1020 m−3 at 300 μs after the initiation of plasma formation. A reduction in excitation temperature is observed from 0.86 to 0.77 eV. Based on the density profile, the estimated energy density of the plasma stream shows a time-dependent decreasing trend from 0.06 to 0.004 MJ/m2 during the observed period. The results may be useful for optimization of the plasma stream in pulsed plasma accelerators concerning its different parameters.
Cluster formation in symmetric binary SALR mixtures
Authors: Tan Jiazheng , Afify Nasser D. , Ferreiro-Rangel Carlos A. , Fan Xianfeng , Sweatman Martin B.
Published: February 2021

The equilibrium cluster fluid state of a symmetric binary mixture of particles interacting through short-ranged attractive and long-ranged repulsive interactions is investigated through Monte Carlo simulations. We find that the clustering behavior of this system is controlled by the cross-interaction between the two types of particles. For a weak cross-attraction, the system displays a behavior that is a composite of the behavior of individual components, i.e., the two components can both form giant clusters independently and the clusters distribute evenly in the system. For a strong cross-attraction, we instead find that the resulting clusters are mixtures of both components. Between these limits, both components can form relatively pure clusters, but unlike clusters can join at their surfaces to form composite clusters. These insights should help to understand the mechanisms for clustering in experimental binary mixture systems and help tailor the properties of novel nanomaterials.