bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypotakse og indlejring
- om systemisk funktionel lingvistik (SFL) og de tyske bisætninger
Authors: Holsting Alexandra
Published: December 2017

”[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]”
Grammatik over det Danske Sprog
- en radikal dependensgrammatik?
Authors: Heltoft Lars
Published: December 2017

”[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]”
“Dativ-e” empirisk og brugsfunktionalistisk genbesøgt
 Et lørnergrammatikografisk blik på et hjørne af den tyske substantivallomorfi
Authors: Farø Ken
Published: December 2017

”[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]”
Sproglige tegn på fiktionalitet
Authors: Birkelund Merete , Nølke Henning
Published: December 2017

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Komplekse sætninger, tetiske udtryk og grammatikalisering
Authors: Boye Kasper , Harder Peter
Published: December 2017

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Talesprogets grammatikaliserede enheder
Authors: Heltoft Lars
Published: December 2017

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Hvad stiller et virkelighedsorienteret sprog som kinesisk op med non-realis?
Authors: Jakobsen Lisbeth Falster
Published: December 2017

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Testning af skriftlig sprogfærdighed i franskuddannelsen på KU
 – en reliabel og valid sprogprøve?
Authors: Lindschouw Jan
Published: December 2017

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Pragmatikkens rolle i et morfologisk funderet genussystem i yngre middelskånsk
Authors: Petersen Kathrine Thisted
Published: December 2017

In Old Danish (c800-c1525), masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns were used to denote humans, animals, things, and abstract categories. In Early Modern Danish (c1525-c1700), however, the masculine and the feminine merged into a common gender, confining the anaphoric and cataphoric personal pronouns han ‘he’ and hun ‘she’ to nouns denoting humans. This paper points out an early pragmatically based use of gender in the Scanian text Sjælens Trøst ‘Comfort of the Soul’ in manuscripts C 529 and A 109 from c1425. From a Christian point of view, the noun afgudh ‘idol’ is used as a neuter and thereby objectified, unlike the masculine noun gudh ‘God’. This use of the neuter is in all likelihood one of the first steps on the way from a primarily morphologically based three-gender system to a primarily semantically based two-gender system which distinguishes between human and non-human nouns.
Det russiske substantivs grammatiske kategorier
Principper for beskrivelse
Authors: Nørgård-Sørensen Jens
Published: December 2017

”[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]”
V og V-konstruktioner på dansk
En parahypotaktisk konstruktion?
Authors: Jensen Bente Lihn
Published: December 2017

”[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]”
Sætningsadverbialer og topologi med udgangspunkt i de konnektive adverbialer
Authors: Jensen Eva Skafte
Published: December 2017

”[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]”
Modifikatorens numerus i spanske komposita med deverbal kerne
Authors: Müller Henrik Høeg
Published: December 2017

”[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]”
Réactions affectives anticipées et intentions d’agir contre le réchauffement climatique : proposition d’une typologie
Authors: Schill Marie , Odou Philippe
Published: December 2017

Cette recherche explore l’influence des réactions affectives (RA) anticipées sur les intentions d’agir contre le réchauffement climatique (IARC). Une étude qualitative met en évidence les RA en lien avec les comportements entrepris pour lutter contre ce phénomène. Une étude quantitative (n=525) confirme que les RA anticipées positives et négatives, intégrées au modèle de la théorie du comportement planifié, expliquent les intentions d’agir contre le réchauffement climatique. A la différence des recherches passées, les résultats mettent en évidence une influence non seulement des RA anticipées négatives, mais également positives sur les intentions d’agir contre le réchauffement climatique. Sur le plan opérationnel, une analyse typologique, intégrant les RA anticipées positives et négatives, montre la nécessité d’une stratégie de communication différenciée sur les six groupes identifiés. Les « réfractaires » et les « mal entourés » ont besoin d’être convaincus des conséquences négatives du réchauffement climatique, les « engagés » et les « positifs » sont sensibles à un cadrage plus positif qui valorise leur comportement alors que les « indifférent » et les « démotivés » sont influencés par une communication montrant qu’ils peuvent être acteurs.
Gaspillage alimentaire en restauration collective : une analyse qualitative des normes personnelles et sociales
Authors: Sebbane Maxime , Costa Sandrine , Sirieix Lucie
Published: December 2017

La réduction du gaspillage alimentaire en restauration collective est un objectif fixé par les pouvoirs publics. Notre étude qualitative porte sur le rôle des normes personnelles et sociales sur les comportements de gaspillage des consommateurs dans ce contexte de consommation. Nous montrons d’une part l’existence d’une norme personnelle de non gaspillage et d’autre part la perception de normes descriptives et injonctives contradictoires pouvant s’exprimer à deux niveaux de proximité : au niveau du groupe avec lequel on mange (proximité immédiate) ou à l’échelle des usagers du restaurant (proximité élargie). Afin de modifier les comportements, des préconisations visant à renforcer la saillance de la norme personnelle et des normes sociales de non gaspillage sont proposées.
Valoriser les données d’enquêtes qualitatives en sciences sociales : le cas français de la banque d’enquête beQuali
Authors: Bendjaballah Selma , Garcia Guillaume , Cadorel Sarah , Groshens Emilie , Fromont Emilie , Juillard Emeline
Published: December 2017

Réutiliser des matériaux d’enquêtes qualitatives en sciences sociales pour produire de nouvelles recherches et enseigner les méthodes : tel est le questionnement scientifique ayant conduit en 2011 à la création de la banque d’enquêtes qualitatives au Centre de données socio-politiques (CDSP).

Le présent article expose les réflexions menées au sein de beQuali autour des enjeux de la réutilisation des données qualitatives. Il détaille pour chaque étape du processus — de la collecte des archives à l’exploration des corpus sur le site Web — les différentes problématiques qui ont préfiguré la mise en place du dispositif beQuali et les moyens mis en oeuvre pour construire et faire fonctionner l’équipement tel qu’il existe aujourd’hui.
Étapes pour le développement d’un projet de données ouvertes et liées en bibliothèque
Authors: St-Germain Marielle
Published: December 2017

On constate depuis quelques années un intérêt de plus en plus marqué pour le Web sémantique et les avantages qu’il présente pour les institutions documentaires. Cependant, un flou persiste quant au potentiel, au fonctionnement et aux étapes de développement liées à des projets qui mettent en oeuvre les différents standards et composantes qui le caractérisent. L’objectif du présent article est de proposer une liste d’étapes pour la mise en oeuvre d’un projet de données ouvertes et liées (Web de données) en bibliothèque afin de faciliter l’appropriation de ces technologies par les professionnels de l’information.
Technologies d’exploitation du big data dans les organisations et transformations organisationnelles : une étude de cas au sein du Service de santé des armées françaises
Authors: Tanti Marc
Published: December 2017

L’exploitation des données sanitaires dubig datavia des technologies de collecte, de visualisation et de communication a permis au Service de santé des armées françaises de créer une valeur stratégique. Par exemple, après le tsunami de 2004 en Asie, cette exploitation a permis d’anticiper les épidémies pour les forces envoyées en soutien humanitaire. Plus récemment, dans le contexte de l’épidémie d’Ebola en Afrique, des vies humaines ont pu être préservées. L’appropriation de tels outils a également entraîné des bouleversements dans l’organisation et la culture organisationnelle, notamment un décloisonnement spatio-temporel des activités et un gain de coordination.
L’opération honour en perspective : la politique changeante du genre dans les Forces armées canadiennes
Authors: Eichler Maya
Published: December 2017

En 2015 était rendu public l’Examen externe sur l’inconduite sexuelle et le harcèlement sexuel dans les Forces armées canadiennesde Marie Deschamps. Après la publication du rapport Deschamps, les autorités militaires ont finalement admis qu’il existait une culture sexualisée menant au harcèlement et aux agressions sexuelles et qu’un changement culturel à long terme s’imposait. Les Forces armées canadiennes ont choisi une approche opérationnelle (l’opérationhonour) pour résoudre le problème de la violence sexuelle. Désormais, c’est une plateforme de « force par la diversité » qui est mise en avant pour traiter les dynamiques du genre au sein de l’organisation. Cet article examine la façon dont l’approche militaire actuelle relativement aux questions de genre se compare aux approches précédentes.
« Voici la jeune femme qui veut poser des questions »
Authors: Nadège Compaoré W.R.
Published: December 2017

Ma recherche a eu pour objectif d’examiner les mesures de transparence dans les industries pétrolières du Gabon et du Ghana, ce qui m’a amenée à effectuer trois mois d’enquêtes de terrain dans chaque pays. Durant ces enquêtes, non seulement être une femme affectait le processus de recherche, mais il s’avéra qu’être une jeune, chercheure, Noire, Africaine, basée au Canada, influençait également l’attitude de mes participants envers moi, ainsi que leurs réponses. En particulier, le fait d’être à la fois une Africaine et une chercheure basée en Occident provoquait des réactions contradictoires, soit de complicité, soit de suspicion, de la part de mes participants, ce qui compliquait mes interactions avec ces derniers. Basée sur le concept « d’espace autoethnographique » de Butz et Besio (2009), cette note de recherche se veut un commentaire réflexif sur le rôle épistémologique de ma positionnalité relativement aux résultats de mes enquêtes de terrain.
Environmental niche modeling; present and future potential distribution of garter snakes species from the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt
Authors: González Fernández Andrea , Manjarrez Javier , García-Vázquez Uri , D’Addario Maristella , Sunny Armando
Published: December 2017

Land-use and climate change are affecting the abundance and distribution of species. The Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) is a very diverse region due to geological history, geographic position and climate, however, is one of the most disturbed regions in Mexico. Reptiles are particularly sensitive to environmental changes due to their low dispersal capacity and thermal ecology. In this study, we define the environmental niche (a part of it; considering climatic, topographic and land use variables) and potential distribution (present and future) of the five Thamnophis species present in TMVB. To do so, we used the maximum entropy modelling software (MAXENT). First, we modeled to select the most important variables to explain the distribution of each species, then we modeled again only with the most important variables and projected these models to the future (year 2050) considering a middle-moderate climate change scenario (rcp45) and the land use and vegetation variables for year 2050, generated with Land Change Modeler based on the land use change occurred between years 2002 and 2011. We also calculated niche overlap between species in environmental space for the present and the future. Percentage of arid vegetation was a negative important variable for all the species and minimum temperature of the coldest month was selected as an important variable in four of the five species. Distance to Abies forest had a high percentage of contribution for T. scalaris and T. scaliger distribution. We found that all Thamnophis species will experience reductions in their distribution ranges in the TMVB in the future, however, for the whole country, the distribution of T. melanogaster seems to increase in the future. T. scalaris is the species that will suffer the biggest reduction in its distribution; the fact that this species is limited by high temperatures and that cannot shift its distribution upward, as it is already distributed in the highest elevations, can be the cause of this dramatic decline. We found a reduction in niche overlap between species in the future, which means a reduction in the range of suitable combination of variables for the species.
Distinct SoxB1 networks are required for naïve and primed pluripotency
Authors: Corsinotti Andrea , Wong Frederick CK , Tatar Tülin , Szczerbinska Iwona , Halbritter Florian , Colby Douglas , Gogolok Sabine , Pantier Raphaël , Liggat Kirsten , Mirfazeli Elham S , Hall-Ponsele Elisa , Mullin Nicholas P , Wilson Valerie , Chambers Ian
Published: December 2017

Deletion of Sox2 from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) causes trophectodermal differentiation. While this can be prevented by enforced expression of the related SOXB1 proteins, SOX1 or SOX3, the roles of SOXB1 proteins in epiblast stem cell (EpiSC) pluripotency are unknown. Here, we show that Sox2 can be deleted from EpiSCs with impunity. This is due to a shift in the balance of SoxB1 expression in EpiSCs, which have decreased Sox2 and increased Sox3 compared to ESCs. Consistent with functional redundancy, Sox3 can also be deleted from EpiSCs without eliminating self-renewal. However, deletion of both Sox2 and Sox3 prevents self-renewal. The overall SOXB1 levels in ESCs affect differentiation choices: neural differentiation of Sox2 heterozygous ESCs is compromised, while increased SOXB1 levels divert the ESC to EpiSC transition towards neural differentiation. Therefore, optimal SOXB1 levels are critical for each pluripotent state and for cell fate decisions during exit from naïve pluripotency.
The zinc-finger transcription factor Hindsight regulates ovulation competency of Drosophila follicles
Authors: Deady Lylah D , Li Wei , Sun Jianjun
Published: December 2017

Follicle rupture, the final step in ovulation, utilizes conserved molecular mechanisms including matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps), steroid signaling, and adrenergic signaling. It is still unknown how follicles become competent for follicle rupture/ovulation. Here, we identify a zinc-finger transcription factor Hindsight (Hnt) as the first transcription factor regulating follicle’s competency for ovulation in Drosophila. Hnt is not expressed in immature stage-13 follicle cells but is upregulated in mature stage-14 follicle cells, which is essential for follicle rupture/ovulation. Hnt upregulates Mmp2 expression in posterior follicle cells (essential for the breakdown of the follicle wall) and Oamb expression in all follicle cells (the receptor for receiving adrenergic signaling and inducing Mmp2 activation). Hnt’s role in regulating Mmp2 and Oamb can be replaced by its human homolog Ras-responsive element-binding protein 1 (RREB-1). Our data suggest that Hnt/RREB-1 plays conserved role in regulating follicle maturation and competency for ovulation.
Inducible and reversible phenotypes in a novel mouse model of Friedreich’s Ataxia
Authors: Chandran Vijayendran , Gao Kun , Swarup Vivek , Versano Revital , Dong Hongmei , Jordan Maria C , Geschwind Daniel H
Published: December 2017

Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), the most common inherited ataxia, is caused by recessive mutations that reduce the levels of frataxin (FXN), a mitochondrial iron binding protein. We developed an inducible mouse model of Fxn deficiency that enabled us to control the onset and progression of disease phenotypes by the modulation of Fxn levels. Systemic knockdown of Fxn in adult mice led to multiple phenotypes paralleling those observed in human patients across multiple organ systems. By reversing knockdown after clinical features appear, we were able to determine to what extent observed phenotypes represent reversible cellular dysfunction. Remarkably, upon restoration of near wild-type FXN levels, we observed significant recovery of function, associated pathology and transcriptomic dysregulation even after substantial motor dysfunction and pathology were observed. This model will be of broad utility in therapeutic development and in refining our understanding of the relative contribution of reversible cellular dysfunction at different stages in disease.
HCN2 channels in the ventral tegmental area regulate behavioral responses to chronic stress
Authors: Zhong Peng , Vickstrom Casey R , Liu Xiaojie , Hu Ying , Yu Laikang , Yu Han-Gang , Liu Qing-song
Published: December 2017

Dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are powerful regulators of depression-related behavior. Dopamine neuron activity is altered in chronic stress-based models of depression, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that mice subject to chronic mild unpredictable stress (CMS) exhibit anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, which was associated with decreased VTA dopamine neuron firing in vivo and ex vivo. Dopamine neuron firing is governed by voltage-gated ion channels, in particular hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels. Following CMS, HCN-mediated currents were decreased in nucleus accumbens-projecting VTA dopamine neurons. Furthermore, shRNA-mediated HCN2 knockdown in the VTA was sufficient to recapitulate CMS-induced depressive- and anxiety-like behavior in stress-naïve mice, whereas VTA HCN2 overexpression largely prevented CMS-induced behavioral deficits. Together, these results reveal a critical role for HCN2 in regulating VTA dopamine neuronal activity and depressive-related behaviors.
Examining the stress-burnout relationship: the mediating role of negative thoughts
Authors: Chang Ko-Hsin , Lu Frank J.H. , Chyi Theresa , Hsu Ya-Wen , Chan Shi-Wei , Wang Erica T.W.
Published: December 2017

Background

Using Smith’s (1986) cognitive-affective model of athletic burnout as a guiding framework, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among athletes’ stress in life, negative thoughts, and the mediating role of negative thoughts on the stress-burnout relationship.

Methods

A total of 300 college student-athletes (males = 174; females = 126, Mage = 20.43 y, SD = 1.68) completed the College Student Athlete’s Life Stress Scale (CSALSS; Lu et al., 2012), the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ; Hollon & Kendall, 1980), and the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ; Raedeke & Smith, 2001).

Results

Correlational analyses found that two types of life stress and four types of negative thoughts correlated with burnout. Additionally, hierarchical regression analyses found that four types of negative thoughts partially mediated the stress-burnout relationship.

Discussion

We concluded that an athlete’s negative thoughts play a pivotal role in predicting athletes’ stress-burnout relationship. Future study may examine how irrational cognition influences athletes’ motivation and psychological well-being.
IMAGENS DE TODOS NÓS: VALORIZANDO A ARTE POPULAR EM AULAS DE ARTE
Authors: Rodrigues Walace
Published: December 2017

Este artigo tenta levantar a importância de se trabalhar com as mais variadas formas de arte popular no ambiente escolar, mais especificamente nas aulas de artes. Aqui busca-se, de maneira concisa, explorar e discutir formas de estimular educadores que já trabalham na educação escolar e estudantes dos cursos de licenciatura a compreenderem um pouco mais sobre o mundo das linguagens artísticas visuais e sua importância no universo pedagógico. Tomando as imagens de três xilogravuras dos artistas populares Severino Borges, José Miguel da Silva e Marcelo Soares, podemos levantar questões sobre o que vemos, como vemos, o que conhecemos e para que podemos nos utilizar destas imagens artísticas.
QUANDO O BRINQUEDO É O VIDEOGAME: REFLEXÕES SOBRE BRINCAR E JOGAR NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE
Authors: Loureiro Carla Cristiane , Lunardi Mendes Geovana Mendonça
Published: December 2017

Este artigo busca avançar nas reflexões sobre as relações entre crianças e videogame, visibilizando as falas e as ações das crianças sobre como se constitui a brincadeira com esse brinquedo. Para captar como as crianças atribuem sentidos à brincadeira utilizamos algumas ferramentas da pesquisa etnográfica. Nas análises, situamos os conhecimentos das crianças entre as culturas para a infância e culturas da infância. Percebemos que, para as crianças, a diversão é o princípio que caracteriza o brincar, mas, por outro lado, muitas negam que jogar videogame seja brincar, justificado por uma “não realidade” intrínseca nos videogames. Nesse sentido, as crianças parecem mostrar-nos muito mais uma dificuldade dos adultos em compreender os novos aspectos dessa cultura lúdica digital.
A graphical clinical decision aid for managing imaging report information
Authors: Boysen James C. , Shannon Zacariah K. , Khan Yasmeen A. , Wells Breanne M. , Vining Robert D.
Published: December 2017

Objective:

The purpose of this article is to propose a graphical decision aid for managing radiology report information to assist learners in developing clinical decision-making skills through a structured approach.

Methods:

A graphical decision aid informed by learning theories was constructed to manage radiology report information by identifying an overall strategy, specific decision-making steps, and decision goals. A review of radiology reports was performed to demonstrate the rich source of complex information requiring clinical decision making. Radiology report data were descriptively analyzed, and findings were described as definite or indefinite, while recommendations were reported as required or optional.

Results:

The graphical decision aid involves 4 stages. The 1st 2 stages interpret report information and consider data obtained during the clinical encounter. The following 2 stages guide decisions by answering questions to ensure patient safety and/or to confirm diagnosis and to address broader case management questions. The mean (SD) age of participants whose imaging reports were reviewed was 73.4 (7.0) years. Of 170 reports, common findings included degenerative disc disease (98%), soft tissue or vascular calcification (94%), bone demineralization (92%), and zygapophyseal joint degeneration (86%). Common indefinite findings were spinal stenosis (15%), compression fracture (12%), bony abnormality (12%), radiodensity (12%), and disc degeneration (10%). One hundred twenty-one recommendations suggested follow-up actions.

Conclusions:

Information within imaging reports requires identification and interpretation to inform complex clinical decisions. The graphical decision aid proposed in this article is designed to facilitate the development of decision-making skills by providing a structured and evidence-based information management process.
Exploring Relationships Between Teacher Training and Support Strategies for Students Utilizing Augmentative and Alternate Communication
Authors: Andzik Natalie R. , Schaefer John M. , Nichols Robert T. , Cannella-Malone Helen I.
Published: December 2017

Schools in the United States support a large group of students requiring the assistance of augmentative and alternate communication (AAC). It is currently unknown what types of training and supports special education teachers require or are receiving to meet the needs of these students. A convenience sample of 3,200 teachers was surveyed about the following topics: (a) number and description of students who do not have a proficient way of communicating, (b) the efforts employed by teachers to support AAC adoption, and (c) the type and length of training the teachers had specific to supporting students who need communication supports. Researchers found a statistically significant association between the amounts of training the teacher received and the communication functionality of their students. In addition, teachers with more training tend to utilize a wider variety of support strategies and certain types of training may be more effective for specific modes of communication.
Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Alloys by Electron Beam Melting: A Review
Authors: Zhang Lai‐Chang , Liu Yujing , Li Shujun , Hao Yulin
Published: December 2017

Electron beam melting (EBM), as one of metal additive manufacturing technologies, is considered to be an innovative industrial production technology. Based on the layer‐wise manufacturing technique, as‐produced parts can be fabricated on a powder bed using the 3D computational design method. Because the melting process takes place in a vacuum environment, EBM technology can produce parts with higher densities compared to selective laser melting (SLM), particularly when titanium alloy is used. The ability to produce higher quality parts using EBM technology is making EBM more competitive. After briefly introducing the EBM process and the processing factors involved, this paper reviews recent progress in the processing, microstructure, and properties of titanium alloys and their composites manufactured by EBM. The paper describes significant positive progress in EBM of all types of titanium in terms of solid bulk and porous structures including Ti–6Al–4V and Ti–24Nb–4Zr–8Sn, with a focus on manufacturing using EBM and the resultant unique microstructure and service properties (mechanical properties, fatigue behaviors, and corrosion resistance properties) of EBM‐produced titanium alloys.
Injection Current Barrier Formation for RbF Postdeposition‐Treated Cu(In,Ga)Se2‐Based Solar Cells
Authors: Weiss Thomas Paul , Nishiwaki Shiro , Bissig Benjamin , Carron Romain , Avancini Enrico , Löckinger Johannes , Buecheler Stephan , Tiwari Ayodhya N.
Published: December 2017

Among the thin‐film solar cell technologies, Cu(In,Ga)Se2‐based solar cells demonstrate the highest efficiencies, where the recent boost in efficiency is triggered by a KF postdeposition treatment (PDT). In this contribution, Cu(In,Ga)Se2‐based solar cells are fabricated using RbF PDTs after absorber layer growth with varying substrate and RbF source temperature. The electronic charge transport properties of the solar cell devices are investigated using temperature‐dependent current–voltage analysis and admittance spectroscopy. To investigate the observed transport barriers, a novel concept based on the differential series resistance is proposed. This approach is supported by simulations of current–voltage curves, which reproduce qualitatively experimental data. Experimentally, two parallel conduction paths are found, which act as barriers with different activation energies and impede the charge carrier transport. Both the thickness and height of these barriers increase with an increasing amount of incorporated Rb and can lead to losses in the fill factor and power conversion efficiency at room temperature. Etching in HCl prior to CdS buffer layer deposition reduces the barrier width and can recover these losses.
Formation of Polysaccharide Membranes by Splitting of Evaporative Air–LC Interface
Authors: Okeyoshi Kosuke , Joshi Gargi , Okajima Maiko K. , Kaneko Tatsuo
Published: December 2017

Self‐assembly methods for colloidal crystals are widely developed by using the evaporative interface and capillary forces. Recently, a distinct phenomenon is discovered of macrospace partitioning by a polysaccharide membrane formed in a limited space by drying its aqueous liquid crystalline solution. Differing from typical fingering patterns, here, the viscous solution is in a nonequilibrium process between the polymer deposition and hydration during drying. By drying in limited space with a narrow gap, the nonequilibrium state causes accumulation of small depositions at several specific points and the deposited polymer bridging the substrates. Here, the split meniscus should make the area of the evaporative interface larger. To describe the correlation between the interfacial curve and the partitioning, the geometric effects of the evaporation front are discussed experimentally and numerically. By controlling the evaporation front three dimensionally, the necessary conditions for the vertical membrane formation are verified multilaterally. In future, this approach will help deposition control of not only the polysaccharides but also other biopolymers exhibiting microrod assembly.
Impact of Plasma Electron Flux on Plasma Damage‐Free Sputtering of Ultrathin Tin‐Doped Indium Oxide Contact Layer on p‐GaN for InGaN/GaN Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Son Kwang Jeong , Kim Tae Kyoung , Cha Yu‐Jung , Oh Seung Kyu , You Shin‐Jae , Ryou Jae‐Hyun , Kwak Joon Seop
Published: December 2017

The origin of plasma‐induced damage on a p
‐type wide‐bandgap layer during the sputtering of tin‐doped indium oxide (ITO) contact layers by using radiofrequency‐superimposed direct current (DC) sputtering and its effects on the forward voltage and light output power (LOP) of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with sputtered ITO transparent conductive electrodes (TCE) is systematically studied. Changing the DC power voltage from negative to positive bias reduces the forward voltages and enhances the LOP of the LEDs. The positive DC power drastically decreases the electron flux in the plasma obtained by plasma diagnostics using a cutoff probe and a Langmuir probe, suggesting that the repulsion of plasma electrons from the p
‐GaN surface can reduce plasma‐induced damage to the p
‐GaN. Furthermore, electron‐beam irradiation on p
‐GaN prior to ITO deposition significantly increases the forward voltages, showing that the plasma electrons play an important role in plasma‐induced damage to the p
‐GaN. The plasma electrons can increase the effective barrier height at the ITO/deep‐level defect (DLD) band of p
‐GaN by compensating DLDs, resulting in the deterioration of the forward voltage and LOP. Finally, the plasma damage‐free sputtered‐ITO TCE enhances the LOP of the LEDs by 20% with a low forward voltage of 2.9 V at 20 mA compared to LEDs with conventional e‐beam‐evaporated ITO TCE.
All‐Solution‐Processed Silver Nanowire Window Electrode‐Based Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled with Amorphous Metal Oxide Protection
Authors: Lee Eunsong , Ahn Jihoon , Kwon Hyeok‐Chan , Ma Sunihl , Kim Kyungmi , Yun Seongcheol , Moon Jooho
Published: December 2017

Silver nanowire (AgNW)‐based transparent electrodes prepared via an all‐solution‐process are proposed as bottom electrodes in flexible perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). To enhance the chemical stability of AgNWs, a pinhole‐free amorphous aluminum doped zinc oxide (a‐AZO) protection layer is deposited on the AgNW network. Compared to its crystalline counterpart (c‐AZO), a‐AZO substantially improves the chemical stability of the AgNW network. For the first time, it is observed that inadequately protected AgNWs can evanesce via diffusion, whereas a‐AZO secures the integrity of AgNWs. When an optimally thick a‐AZO layer is used, the a‐AZO/AgNW/AZO composite electrode exhibits a transmittance of 88.6% at 550 nm and a sheet resistance of 11.86 Ω sq−1, which is comparable to that of commercial fluorine doped tin oxide. The PVSCs fabricated with a configuration of Au/spiro‐OMeTAD/CH3NH3PbI3/ZnO/AZO/AgNW/AZO on rigid and flexible substrates can achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 13.93% and 11.23%, respectively. The PVSC with the a‐AZO/AgNW/AZO composite electrode retains 94% of its initial PCE after 400 bending iterations with a bending radius of 12.5 mm. The results clearly demonstrate the potential of AgNWs as bottom electrodes in flexible PVSCs, which can facilitate the commercialization and large‐scale deployment of PVSCs.
A nonparametric frontier measure of marketing efficiency: An illustration with corn ethanol plants
Authors: Sesmero Juan , Perrin Richard , Fulginiti Lilyan
Published: December 2017

This article extends nonparametric measures of efficiency to accommodate the concept of marketing efficiency, which measures changes in net revenues brought about by firms’ use of marketing channels other than spot markets. The measure is appropriate for firms operating under atomistic competition with imperfect information. The proposed measure displays two important features: (a) it uses the alternative of a spot price‐based counterfactual to distinguish marketing from allocative efficiency, and (b) it allows for the fact that firms operate in different spot markets and have access to diverse sets of prices. We illustrate this approach with a unique dataset from ethanol plants in the U.S. Corn Belt. [EconLit citations: C61, D2, L2].
Impact of the livestock mandatory reporting act on the vertical price transmission within the beef supply chain
Authors: Chung Chanjin , Rushin Johnna , Surathkal Prasanna
Published: December 2017

This study examines the characteristics of price transmission along the vertical linkage in the beef industry before and after the implementation of the Mandatory Price Reporting Act (MPR) using econometric procedures such as the Gregory–Hansen structural break test, threshold autoregressive model, threshold error correction model, and nonlinear impulse response functions. Results show the improved speed of price adjustment after the MPR in the supply chain of the beef industry, whereas a limited evidence of the increased price asymmetry is detected. The increased asymmetry is observed mostly through the long‐run regime switching coefficients of threshold autoregressive and error correction models. The price asymmetry mostly disappears in both pre‐ and post‐MPR periods when only short‐ and long‐run price adjustment coefficients are considered. The results also suggest the existence of the threshold cointegration in the vertical price relationship of the beef industry, which supports the use of the nonlinear threshold model in this study.[JEL codes: C22, Q11]
Applicability Evaluation of Bright Green‐Emitting Carbon Dots in the Solid State for White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Deyin , U.Khan Waheed , Tang Zuobin , Wang Yuhua
Published: December 2017

Self‐quenching‐resistant and bright green‐emitting carbon dots (CDs) in the solid state were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method. Their structure, optical properties together with their thermal and photostabilities, as well as their applicability in white LEDs were investigated. The obtained CDs have nearly spherical shape with a size around 4–5 nm. The resulting powder CDs show excitation‐independent emission behavior, and can be excited over a broad range from 300–450 nm. Under optimal excitation at 400 nm, the resultant powder CDs yield bright and broad green emission around 505 nm with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of about 110 nm and under 360 nm excitation with lifetime of 15.8 ns. A potential application of the green‐emitting CDs was evaluated by constructing a white light‐emitting diode lamp. The fabricated white LED lamp emitted bright, warm white light with excellent color rendering properties (a color rendering index of 86.9 and a correlated color temperature of 3863 K).
Engineering of a miniaturized, robotic clinical laboratory
Authors: Nourse Marilyn B. , Engel Kate , Anekal Samartha G. , Bailey Jocelyn A. , Bhatta Pradeep , Bhave Devayani P. , Chandrasekaran Shekar , Chen Yutao , Chow Steven , Das Ushati , Galil Erez , Gong Xinwei , Gessert Steven F. , Ha Kevin D. , Hu Ran , Hyland Laura , Jammalamadaka Arvind , Jayasurya Karthik , Kemp Timothy M. , Kim Andrew N. , Lee Lucie S. , Liu Yang Lily , Nguyen Alphonso , O'Leary Jared , Pangarkar Chinmay H. , Patel Paul J. , Quon Ken , Ramachandran Pradeep L. , Rappaport Amy R. , Roy Joy , Sapida Jerald F. , Sergeev Nikolay V. , Shee Chandan , Shenoy Renuka , Sivaraman Sharada , Sosa‐Padilla Bernardo , Tran Lorraine , Trent Amanda , Waggoner Thomas C. , Wodziak Dariusz , Yuan Amy , Zhao Peter , Young Daniel L. , Robertson Channing R. , Holmes Elizabeth A.
Published: December 2017

The ability to perform laboratory testing near the patient and with smaller blood volumes would benefit patients and physicians alike. We describe our design of a miniaturized clinical laboratory system with three components: a hardware platform (ie, the miniLab) that performs preanalytical and analytical processing steps using miniaturized sample manipulation and detection modules, an assay‐configurable cartridge that provides consumable materials and assay reagents, and a server that communicates bidirectionally with the miniLab to manage assay‐specific protocols and analyze, store, and report results (i.e., the virtual analyzer). The miniLab can detect analytes in blood using multiple methods, including molecular diagnostics, immunoassays, clinical chemistry, and hematology. Analytical performance results show that our qualitative Zika virus assay has a limit of detection of 55 genomic copies/ml. For our anti‐herpes simplex virus type 2 immunoglobulin G, lipid panel, and lymphocyte subset panel assays, the miniLab has low imprecision, and method comparison results agree well with those from the United States Food and Drug Administration‐cleared devices. With its small footprint and versatility, the miniLab has the potential to provide testing of a range of analytes in decentralized locations.
Overview on the Recent Strategies for the Enantioselective Synthesis of 1, 1‐Diarylalkanes, Triarylmethanes and Related Molecules Containing the Diarylmethine Stereocenter
Authors: Mondal Sankalan , Roy Deblina , Panda Gautam
Published: December 2017

There has recently been an increased interest in active pharmaceutical agents and various other molecules that contain the 1, 1‐diaryl stereocenter. This has led to the development of novel synthetic strategies to access molecules having this structural moiety. The current Review describes the variety of synthetic methodologies available for the enantioselective synthesis of 1, 1‐diarylethanes, triarylmethanes and related molecules with a 1, 1‐diaryl stereogenic center that were reported since 1995. The prime focus of the Review is on the formation of the 1, 1‐diarylmethine stereocenter either through the use of various enantioselective processes using chiral catalysts (the asymmetric catalytic approach) or through the use of chiral substrates and achiral catalysts. Resolution of racemic substrates is also required for the synthesis of this chiral molecule, but this approach is not covered in this Review. Moreover, comparative discussions on the future aspects of the synthesis of these molecules with a short comparison of the different available routes and possible areas of development are also presented.
In Situ Synthesis of Bi2O3 Nanoparticles on ZincMe (Me=Al or Cr) Layered Double Hydroxide Frameworks for Photocatalytic Oxygen Evolution from Water under Solar‐Light Activation
Authors: Carja Gabriela , Gilea Diana , Cool Pegie , Seftel Elena M.
Published: December 2017

A key target to boost solar‐to‐chemical conversion processes is to fabricate an efficient solar‐light‐responsive photocatalyst. Herein, we report the in situ synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) of Bi2O3 directly on Zn‐based layered double hydroxide (LDHs) frameworks. The in situ synthesis of Bi2O3NPs is done at room temperature, is ligand free and explores the ability of calcined ZnMeLDHs to reconstruct their layered structures in Bi(NO3)3 aqueous solution. The in situ formation of Bi2O3NPs on ZnMeLDHs is assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and UV/Vis spectroscopy and compared with the features of a corresponding Bi2O3NPs/LDH prepared by the conventional impregnation route. The rapid photocatalytic response of the Bi2O3NPs/ZnMeLDH (Me=Al, Cr) heterostructures is confirmed by O2 generation from water under solar‐light irradiation. The rate of O2 generation increases by a factor of approximately 2 for the ZnCrLDH based catalysts as compared to that of the family of ZnAlLDH catalysts. Further, the presence of the bismuth phase and its nano‐dimension leads to increased efficiency for the in situ prepared Bi2O3NPs/LDHs as compared to that of impregnated Bi2O3/LDH and the pristine LDHs.
Thin PEGylated Carbon Nitrides: Water‐Dispersible Organic Nanodots as Bioimaging Probes
Authors: Kim Jin Kwan , Park Sunghee , Yoo Ran Ji , Jeong Hyeon Jin , Oh Junghoon , Lee Yong Jin , Park Sungjin , Kim Dong Wook
Published: December 2017

Fluorescent materials are being used for the optical/fluorescence imaging of living cells and animal models. As such, the development of heavy‐metal‐free, water‐dispersible, and biocompatible imaging probes is still important. Carbon nitride (C3N4) is used as a bioimaging probe due to its suitable optical properties, thus enhancing its biocompatibility and dispersibility in aqueous media is required. In this study, we incorporated short‐chain polyethylene glycol (PEG) groups onto a carbon nitride network by the simple N‐alkylation of hexaethylene glycolic mesylate with nucleophilic nitrogen atoms on oxidized carbon nitride (OCN). The PEGylated OCN (PEG‐OCN) was well dispersed in water as nanodots with a lateral dimension of approximately 30 nm and a thickness of 0.5–1.2 nm and showed strong photoluminescence in the visible region. Cell‐viability testing confirmed that these “heavy‐metal‐free” organic nanodots were highly biocompatible and noncytotoxic. In particular, the developed nanodots could provide clear confocal images of RAW 264.7 cells without weakening cell activity and displaying any aggregation in a range of concentrations (25–100 μg mL−1) with bright‐green emission in the cytoplasm.
Supramolecular Approach for Enhancing Single‐Molecule Magnet Properties of Terbium(III)‐Phthalocyaninato Double‐Decker Complexes with Crown Moieties
Authors: Horii Yoji , Kishiue Shuhei , Damjanović Marko , Katoh Keiichi , Breedlove Brian K. , Enders Markus , Yamashita Masahiro
Published: December 2017

A TbIII‐phthalocyaninato double‐decker ([1]0) single‐molecule magnet (SMM) having four 15‐crown‐5 moieties in one of the ligands was synthesized, and its dimerization and magnetic properties were studied in an attempt to utilize the supramolecular aggregation for enhancing the SMM properties. Aggregation of [1]0 to form [12K4]4+ in the presence of K+ ions was studied by using UV/Vis‐NIR absorption and NMR spectroscopies. For the magnetic measurements, [1]0 and [12K4]4+ were dispersed in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). UV/Vis‐NIR absorption measurements on the PMMA dispersed samples were used to track the formation of [12K4]4+. Direct current (DC) magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed that there were ferromagnetic Tb–Tb interactions in [12K4]4+, whereas there was no indication of ferromagnetic interactions in [1]0. Upon the formation of [12K4]4+ from [1]0 and K+ ions, the temperature at which the magnetic hysteresis occurred increased from 7 to 15 K. In addition, the area of magnetic hysteresis became larger for [12K4]4+, meaning that SMM properties of [12K4]4+ are superior to those of [1]0. Alternating current (AC) magnetic measurements were used to confirm this observation. Magnetic relaxation times at 2 K increased 1000‐fold upon dimerization of [1]0 to [12K4]4+, demonstrating the effectiveness of using K+ ions to induce dimer formation for the improvement of the SMM properties.
Response to “Covalent Bonding and Charge Shift Bonds: Comment on ‘The Carbon–Nitrogen Bonds in Ammonium Compounds Are Charge Shift Bonds’”
Authors: Chen Peter , Gershoni‐Poranne Renana
Published: December 2017

A response to the comment by Gernot Frenking, outlining common ground, as well as differences, with regard to a recent paper on charge‐shift bonding in quaternary ammonium cations.
Rettung auf sechs Beinen
Authors: Tetsch Larissa
Published: December 2017

Ameisen der Art Megaponera analis gehen in größeren Gruppen auf die Jagd nach Termiten. Dabei werden einzelne Tiere häufig durch die wehrhafte Beute verwundet. Diese Jäger senden daraufhin einen chemischen Hilferuf aus, der einen arteigenen Sanitätsdienst auf den Plan ruft. Indem dieser die verletzten Artgenossen zurück ins Nest trägt, hilft er, die Verluste der Kolonie gering zu halten.
Phase 2 and biomarker study of trebananib, an angiopoietin‐blocking peptibody, with and without bevacizumab for patients with recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Reardon David A. , Lassman Andrew B. , Schiff David , Yunus Shakeeb A. , Gerstner Elizabeth R. , Cloughesy Timothy F. , Lee Eudocia Quant , Gaffey Sarah C. , Barrs Jennifer , Bruno Jennifer , Muzikansky Alona , Duda Daniel G. , Jain Rakesh K. , Wen Patrick Y.
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

Angiopoietins contribute to tumor angiogenesis and may be upregulated as a compensatory factor after vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) blockade. The authors performed a phase 2 and biomarker study to evaluate trebananib, an angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 blocking peptibody, with and without bevacizumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.

METHODS

Forty‐eight patients who had bevacizumab‐naive, recurrent glioblastoma were treated with trebananib (30 mg/kg weekly) as single agent (n = 11) or combined with bevacizumab (n = 37). The primary endpoint was 6‐month progression‐free survival rate as determined by investigator review. Circulating biomarker levels were assessed before and after study therapy.

RESULTS

Trebananib was well tolerated as monotherapy and did not enhance bevacizumab‐associated toxicity. Trebananib had no single‐agent activity, and all treated patients exhibited progressive disease within 2 months. The 6‐month progression‐free survival rate for trebananib plus bevacizumab was 24.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.1%‐38.8%); whereas the median overall survival was 9.5 months (95% CI, 7.5‐4.7 months), and the 12‐month overall survival rate was 37.8% (95% CI, 22.6%‐53.0%). Baseline and post‐treatment changes in circulating vascular VEGF and interleukin‐8 levels were correlated with survival among patients who received trebananib plus bevacizumab.

CONCLUSIONS

Angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 inhibition with trebananib was ineffective as monotherapy and did not enhance the ability of VEGF blockade with bevacizumab to improve the outcomes of patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Cancer 2018;124:1438‐48. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Bone mineral density in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Inaba Hiroto , Cao Xueyuan , Han Alice Q. , Panetta John C. , Ness Kirsten K. , Metzger Monika L. , Rubnitz Jeffrey E. , Ribeiro Raul C. , Sandlund John T. , Jeha Sima , Cheng Cheng , Pui Ching‐Hon , Relling Mary V. , Kaste Sue C.
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can develop reduced bone mineral density (BMD). However, data from patients who received treatment on a frontline regimen without cranial irradiation are limited, and no genome‐wide analysis has been reported.

METHODS

Lumbar BMD was evaluated by quantitative computed tomography at diagnosis, after 120 weeks of continuation therapy, and after 2 years off therapy in pediatric patients with ALL (ages 2‐18 years at diagnosis) who were treated on the St. Jude Total XV Protocol. Clinical, pharmacokinetic, and genetic risk factors associated with decreased BMD Z‐scores were evaluated.

RESULTS

The median BMD Z‐score in 363 patients was 0.06 at diagnosis, declined to −1.08 at week 120, but partly recovered to −0.72 after 2 years off therapy; BMD in patients with low BMD Z‐scores at diagnosis remained low after therapy. Older age (≥10 years vs 2‐9.9 years at diagnosis; P < .001), a higher BMD Z‐score at diagnosis (P = .001), and a greater area under the plasma drug concentration‐time curve for dexamethasone in weeks 7 and 8 of continuation therapy (P = .001) were associated with a greater decrease in BMD Z‐score from diagnosis to week 120. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in 2 genes important in osteogenesis and bone mineralization (COL11A1 [reference single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs2622849]; P = 2.39 × 10−7] and NELL1 [rs11025915]; P = 4.07 × 10−6]) were associated with a decreased BMD Z‐score. NELL1 (P = .003) also was associated with a greater dexamethasone area under the plasma drug concentration‐time curve.

CONCLUSIONS

BMD Z‐scores decreased during therapy, especially in patients who had clinical, pharmacokinetic, and genetic risk factors. Early recognition of BMD changes and strategies to optimize bone health are essential. Cancer 2018;124:1025‐35. © 2017 American Cancer Society.