bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct synthesis of benzylic amines by palladium-catalyzed carbonylative aminohomologation of aryl halides
Authors: Peng Jin-Bao , Wu Fu-Peng , Xu Cong , Qi Xinxin , Ying Jun , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: May 2018

Benzylic amines are valuable compounds with important applications in areas including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. The known procedures for their synthesis are limited by difficulties in functionalizing the parent aminomethyl groups. On the other hand, carbonylation reactions offer a potent method to introduce carbonyl groups and homologate carbon chains. However, carbonylative aminohomologation of aryl halides is challenging due to competing reactions and the need to balance multiple sequential steps. Here we report a palladium-catalyzed carbonylative aminohomologation reaction for the direct aminomethylation of aryl halides. The reaction proceeds via a tandem palladium-catalyzed formylation, followed by imine formation and formic acid-mediated reduction. Useful functional groups including chloride, bromide, ester, ketone, nitro, and cyano are compatible with this reaction. Both aryl iodides and bromides are suitable substrates and a wide range of synthetically useful amines are efficiently obtained in moderate to excellent yields.
Synthesis, structures and mechanistic pathways of anticancer activity of palladium(ii) complexes with indole-3-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazones
Authors: Haribabu Jebiti , Tamizh Manoharan Muthu , Balachandran Chandrasekar , Arun Yuvaraj , Bhuvanesh Nattamai S. P. , Endo Akira , Karvembu Ramasamy
Published: May 2018

Palladium(ii) complexes featuring bidentate heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones have been synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their biomolecular interactions. The complexes induced in vitro anticancer activity through apoptosis.
Porous NiCo2O4nanoarray-integrated binder-free 3D open electrode offers a highly efficient sensing platform for enzyme-free glucose detection
Authors: Luo X. , Huang M. , He D. , Wang M. , Zhang Y. , Jiang P.
Published: May 2018

Porous binary metal oxide NiCo2O4NWA/CC was prepared and utilized as a 3D binder-free open electrode for enzyme-free sensing with high performance.
A manganese porphyrin–α-cyclodextrin conjugate as an artificial enzyme for the catalytic epoxidation of polybutadiene
Authors: Zhang Qi-Wei , Elemans Johannes A. A. W. , White Paul B. , Nolte Roeland J. M.
Published: May 2018

A manganese porphyrin–α-cyclodextrin conjugate was designed as an artificial clamp-like enzyme to catalyze the epoxidation of cis-polybutadiene with trans-epoxide preference.
IrIII/NiII-Metallaphotoredox catalysis: the oxidation state modulation mechanism versus the radical mechanism
Authors: Zhu Bo , Yan Li-Kai , Geng Yun , Ren Hang , Guan Wei , Su Zhong-Min
Published: May 2018

An oxidation state modulation mechanism, merging oxidative quenching (IrIII–*IrIII–IrIV–IrIII) and nickel catalytic (NiII–NiI–NiIII–NiI–NiII) cycles, is disclosed for Ir/Ni-metallaphotoredox catalysis.
On the piezoelectric efficiency of rotator and extender ferroelectrics in random polycrystalline aggregates with various engineered domain states
Authors: Morozov Maxim I.
Published: May 2018

Phase transition between polar polymorphs may result in piezoelectric enhancement.
Crystal formation in vanadium-doped zirconia ceramics
Authors: Svoboda Roman , Bulánek Roman , Galusek Dušan , Hadidimasouleh Roghayeh , Ganjkhanlou Yadolah
Published: May 2018

Differential scanning calorimetry and in situ X-ray diffraction analysis were used to study the products and mechanism of crystal formation in VOx–ZrO2 ceramics.
Photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer in a cross-conjugated push–pull enediyne: implications toward photoreaction
Authors: Singh Anuja , Pati Avik Kumar , Mishra Ashok Kumar
Published: May 2018

Push–pull organic fluorophores are important owing to their interesting optoelectronical properties.
A high pressure pathway toward boron-based nanostructured solids
Authors: Grosjean Rémi , Le Godec Yann , Delacroix Simon , Gouget Guillaume , Beaunier Patricia , Ersen Ovidiu , Ihiawakrim Dris , Kurakevych Oleksandr O. , Chanéac Corinne , Portehault David
Published: May 2018

Nanostructures under pressure. Novel boron-based inorganic nanocomposites are synthesized by transforming liquid-derived nanoparticles under extreme pressure.
Dual emissions and thermochromic luminescences of isomorphic chiral twofold interpenetrated 3-D nets built from I1O2 type hybrid inorganic–organic frameworks of [NH2(CH3)2]3[Pb2X3(BDC)2] (X = Br, I)
Authors: Liu Shao-Xian , Yuan Guo-Jun , Zhai Lu , Wang Lifeng , Luo Hong-Bin , Ren Xiao-Ming
Published: May 2018

Two pairs of isomorphic chiral twofold interpenetrated 3-D nets were built from I1O2 type hybrid inorganic–organic frameworks and show dual emissions and thermochromism.
Investigating subtle 4f vs. 5f coordination differences using kinetically inert Eu(iii), Tb(iii), and Cm(iii) complexes of a coumarin-appended 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetate (DO3A) ligand
Authors: Junker Anne Kathrine R. , Deblonde Gauthier J.-P. , Abergel Rebecca J. , Sørensen Thomas Just
Published: May 2018

Coumarin appended DO3A complexes of Cm(iii), Eu(iii), and Tb(iii) show that more than ionic radius determines the coordination chemistry of the f-elements.
A strategy for developing metal-free hydrogenation catalysts: a DFT proof-of-principle study
Authors: Liu Zheyuan , Guo Jiandong , Lu Yu , Hu Wenping , Dang Yanfeng , Wang Zhi-Xiang
Published: May 2018

Using DFT computations, a metal-free strategy has been formulated to activate hydrogen reversibly and to construct hydrogenation catalysts, calling for experimental realizations.
Rapid, versatile and sensitive method for the quantification of radium in environmental samples through cationic extraction and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Dalencourt Claire , Michaud Annie , Habibi Azza , Leblanc Alexa , Larivière Dominic
Published: May 2018

Rapid and selective method for radium quantification with interference removal by cationic resin and ICP-MS/MS, leading to a detection limit of 10 fg L−1 for 226Ra and 228Ra.
Determination of baclofen and vigabatrin by microchip electrophoresis with fluorescence detection: application of field-enhanced sample stacking and dynamic pH junction
Authors: Zeid Abdallah M. , Kaji Noritada , Nasr Jenny Jeehan M. , Belal Fathalla , Walash Mohamed I. , Baba Yoshinobu
Published: May 2018

A novel microchip gel electrophoretic method for the assay of baclofen and vigabatrin for the first time.
Reassessing the bulk ionic conductivity of solid-state electrolytes
Authors: Uddin Md-Jamal , Cho Sung-Jin
Published: May 2018

The urgent necessity to establish a standard for bulk resistance quantification is identified via ionic conductivity dependence on high frequency point.
Thermodynamic constraints for identifying elementary flux modes
Authors: Peres Sabine , Schuster Stefan , Dague Philippe
Published: May 2018

Metabolic pathway analysis is a key method to study metabolism and the elementary flux modes (EFMs) is one major concept allowing one to analyze the network in terms of minimal pathways. Their practical use has been hampered by the combinatorial explosion of their number in large systems. The EFMs give the possible pathways at steady state, but the real pathways are limited by biological constraints. In this review, we display three different methods that integrate thermodynamic constraints in terms of Gibbs free energy in the EFMs computation.
Non-coding RNA in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Glasgow Arlene M.A. , De Santi Chiara , Greene Catherine M.
Published: May 2018

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are an abundant class of RNAs that include small ncRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) and pseudogenes. The human ncRNA atlas includes thousands of these specialised RNA molecules that are further subcategorised based on their size or function. Two of the more well-known and widely studied ncRNA species are microRNAs (miRNAs) and lncRNAs. These are regulatory RNAs and their altered expression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases. Failure to express a functional cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane receptor (CFTR) chloride ion channel in epithelial cells underpins CF. Secondary to the CFTR defect, it is known that other pathways can be altered and these may contribute to the pathophysiology of CF lung disease in particular. For example, quantitative alterations in expression of some ncRNAs are associated with CF. In recent years, there has been a series of published studies exploring ncRNA expression and function in CF. The majority have focussed principally on miRNAs, with just a handful of reports to date on lncRNAs. The present study reviews what is currently known about ncRNA expression and function in CF, and discusses the possibility of applying this knowledge to the clinical management of CF in the near future.
Production of Spanish Grammatical Forms in U.S. Bilingual Children
Authors: Baron Alisa , Bedore Lisa M. , Peña Elizabeth D. , Lovgren-Uribe Samantha D. , López Amanda A. , Villagran Elizabeth
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this analysis was to understand how grammatical morpheme production in Spanish for typically developing Spanish–English bilingual children relates to mean length of utterance in words (MLUw) and the extent to which different bilingual profiles influence order of grammatical morpheme acquisition.

Method

Participants included 228 Spanish–English bilingual children ages 4;0–7;6 (years;months). Grammatical morpheme accuracy was evaluated using an experimental version of the Bilingual English–Spanish Assessment (Peña, Gutiérrez-Clellen, Iglesias, Goldstein, & Bedore, 2014). MLUw data were calculated from children's narrative samples. Production accuracy of plural nouns, singular and plural definite articles, preterite tense, imperfect aspect, direct object clitics, prepositions, subjunctive, and conjunctions was calculated and analyzed as a function of MLUw in Spanish. Level of accuracy on these forms was compared for Spanish-dominant and English-dominant groups.

Results

Accuracy was significantly associated with MLUw. The relative difficulty of Spanish grammatical morphemes is highly similar across different bilingual profiles.

Conclusions

There are common elements of Spanish that are easy (imperfect, plural nouns, singular articles, conjunctions), medium (plural articles, preterite), or hard (prepositions, direct object clitics, subjunctive), regardless of whether a child is a Spanish-dominant or English-dominant bilingual.
Event‐triggered control for finite‐time lag synchronisation of time‐delayed complex networks
Authors: Dong Yan , Chen Jun‐Wei , Xian Jin‐Guo
Published: May 2018

In this study, the finite‐time lag synchronisation problem between two time‐delayed complex networks is investigated via event‐triggered control. A new event‐triggered controller is proposed, which is much simpler than the existing related controllers. For the purpose of dealing with the time‐delay effect, two triggering functions are designed to co‐determine the triggering time sequence. With the proposed event‐triggered control scheme and by using the finite‐time stability theory, the authors have successfully ensured the time‐delayed drive‐response networks realise finite‐time lag synchronisation. Moreover, the derived synchronisation criteria can imply the explicit relationships of the involved parameters to realise finite‐time lag synchronisation. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate the validity of the derived results.
A great space weather event in February 1730
Authors: Hayakawa Hisashi , Ebihara Yusuke , Vaquero José M. , Hattori Kentaro , Carrasco Víctor M. S. , de la Cruz Gallego María , Hayakawa Satoshi , Watanabe Yoshikazu , Iwahashi Kiyomi , Tamazawa Harufumi , Kawamura Akito D. , Isobe Hiroaki
Published: May 2018

Aims. Historical records provide evidence of extreme magnetic storms with equatorward auroral extensions before the epoch of systematic magnetic observations. One significant magnetic storm occurred on February 15, 1730. We scale this magnetic storm with auroral extension and contextualise it based on contemporary solar activity.

Methods. We examined historical records in East Asia and computed the magnetic latitude (MLAT) of observational sites to scale magnetic storms. We also compared them with auroral records in Southern Europe. We examined contemporary sunspot observations to reconstruct detailed solar activity between 1729 and 1731.

Results. We show 29 auroral records in East Asian historical documents and 37 sunspot observations.

Conclusions. These records show that the auroral displays were visible at least down to 25.8° MLAT throughout East Asia. In comparison with contemporary European records, we show that the boundary of the auroral display closest to the equator surpassed 45.1° MLAT and possibly came down to 31.5° MLAT in its maximum phase, with considerable brightness. Contemporary sunspot records show an active phase in the first half of 1730 during the declining phase of the solar cycle. This magnetic storm was at least as intense as the magnetic storm in 1989, but less intense than the Carrington event.
Editorial
Authors: Dörgeloh Beate , Dutzmann Christina
Published: May 2018

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,

das Beckwith-Wiedemann-Syndrom (BWS) ist eine meist epigenetisch bedingte Multisystemerkrankung aus der Gruppe der Krebsprädispositionssyndrome (KPS). Der klinisch sehr heterogene Phänotyp des BWS umfasst Bauchwanddefekte (Omphalocele), Makroglossie, die zu einer typischen Fazies und Ernährungsproblemen führen kann, Organomegalie, Großwuchs (Gigantismus), der sich auch einseitig präsentieren kann, neonatale Hypoglykämien und eine Prädisposition zu der Entwicklung embryonaler Tumore, überwiegend Nephroblastome und Hepatoblastome. Bedingt wird das BWS häufig durch einen molekularen Imprinting-Defekt in der chromosomalen Region 11p15.5. Dank der bemerkenswerten Fortschritte in der Humangenetik können durch neue Erkenntnisse genetischer und epigenetischer Veränderungen bei BWS regelhaft vorliegende Mosaikkonstellationen die variablen Phänotypen erklären. Damit war die Grundlage dafür geschaffen, einen Konsensus über Diagnosekriterien trotz des heterogenen Krankheitsbildes zu finden. Es war das Ziel des im März 2017 in Paris erarbeiteten ersten internationalen Konsensus-Meetings, klinische und molekulare Diagnose- und Managementempfehlungen für Patienten aus dem Kreis des neu definierten BWS Spektrums in einem gemeinsamen Statement zu formulieren 1. Anders als wir es aus anderen Bereichen des Lebens kennen, gelang den Experten die Konsensusfindung!
Perspektiven der Atherothrombosetherapie nach der COMPASS-Studie
Authors: Dürschmied Daniel , Bode Christoph
Published: May 2018

Die Verhinderung atherothrombotischer Ereignisse ist ein wesentliches Therapieziel in der Behandlung von Patienten mit arteriosklerotischen Erkrankungen. Nach
Plaqueruptur kann ein rasch wachsender Thrombus zum akuten Gefäßverschluss und damit Herzinfarkt, Schlaganfall oder Extremitätenischämie führen. Die
Akuttherapie kombiniert dabei selbstverständlich Antikoagulation und Plättchenhemmung. In der Primär- und Sekundärprophylaxe stabiler Patienten stehen hingegen
bislang lediglich die Plättchenhemmer Aspirin und Clopidogrel zur Verfügung. Die COMPASS-Studie untersuchte nun erstmals eine niedrigdosierte Antikoagulation
bei stabiler KHK oder pAVK. Die Hinzunahme von 2 x 2,5 mg Rivaroxaban zur Dauertherapie mit Aspirin verhinderte nicht nur kardiovaskulären Tod, Myokardinfarkt
und Schlaganfall. Nach 3 Jahren war selbst die Gesamtmortalität um relative 18 % reduziert. Erkauft wurde dieser Benefit mit einer Zunahme gastrointestinaler
Blutungen auf mehr als das Doppelte. Weil die Ergänzung eines Protonenpumpenhemmers diesen Nachteil reduzieren könnte (Untersuchungen hierzu dauern an) und
weder tödliche noch intrakranielle Blutungen zunahmen, steht vermutlich bald ein neuer Therapiestandard für Hochrisikopatienten mit arteriosklerotischer
Grunderkrankung zur Verfügung.
Neurologisches Defizit nach intraoperativem anaphylaktischen Schock
Authors: Hachenberg Thomas , Kols Kerstin
Published: May 2018

Schlichtungsstellen für Arzthaftpflichtfragen bieten Patienten, Ärzten und Versicherern eine Möglichkeit, Arzthaftungsstreitigkeiten außergerichtlich zu klären. In der Rubrik „Fälle der Schlichtungsstelle“ stellen wir abgeschlossene Fälle aus der Schlichtungsstelle für Arzthaftpflichtfragen der norddeutschen Ärztekammern vor.
Schlaganfallprävention in der klinischen Praxis
Authors: Hartung Johannes Jakob , Skurk Carsten , Leistner David Manuel , Landmesser Ulf
Published: May 2018

Zur Prophylaxe kardioembolischer Schlaganfälle und Thromboembolien hat die Implantation intrakardialer Okkluder sowohl bei Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern als auch
bei Patienten mit persistierendem Foramen ovale (PFO) im Vergleich zu einer lebenslangen antithrombotisch-medikamentösen Therapie in den letzten Jahren
zunehmend an Bedeutung in der klinischen Praxis gewonnen. Neue Daten aus großen Studien, die die Katheter-basierten Systeme zum Verschluss des linken
Vorhofohres (left atrial appendage, kurz: LAA) bei Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern und relevantem Schlaganfallrisiko hinsichtlich Ihrer Effektivität und Sicherheit
randomisiert im Vergleich zu einer medikamentösen Therapie mit Vitamin-K-Antagonisten untersucht haben, zeigen vielversprechende Ergebnisse. Darüber hinaus
konnte in 3 randomisierten Studien, die im vergangenen Jahr im New England Journal of Medicine publiziert wurden, eine signifikante Überlegenheit des
interventionellen PFO-Verschlusses im Vergleich zu einer alleinigen medikamentösen Therapie bei Patienten < 60 Jahre mit kryptogenem Schlaganfall
nachgewiesen werden. Bislang nicht untersucht ist der randomisierte Vergleich der LAA-Verschlusssysteme mit einer NOAK-Therapie. Auch zur Beantwortung der Frage
nach der optimalen, risikoadaptieren, medikamentösen post-LAA-Okkluder-Implantationstherapie müssen die Ergebnisse aktuell rekrutierender Studien abgewartet
werden.
Kognitive Verluste bei Herzinsuffizienz
Authors: Petutschnigg Johannes , Edelmann Frank
Published: May 2018

Der kürzlich erschienene Herzbericht der Deutschen Herzstiftung weist die Herzinsuffizienz (ICD I50) unverändert als die häufigste Einzeldiagnose von
vollstationär behandelten Patienten in der Bundesrepublik aus 1. Das komplexe klinische Syndrom mit multiplen Interaktionen
zu anderen Organsystemen stellt die behandelten Ärzte oft vor schwer zu lösende Aufgaben. Das Zusammenspiel zwischen Versagen des Myokards und zerebraler
(Dys)Funktion wird im klinischen Alltag leider (zu) oft nicht beachtet oder vergessen.

Dieser Artikel soll einen Überblick (patho-)physiologischer Mechanismen als Grundlage dieser gegenseitigen Beeinflussung liefern. Kardiale Dysfunktion und eine
Abnahme der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeiten treten in einer alternden Gesellschaft zunehmend häufiger auf und der Leidensdruck belastet die Betroffenen, ihre
Angehörigen und unser Gesundheitssystem. Dennoch findet ein symbiotischer Austausch der Fachrichtungen nur selten statt und die Krankheiten werden
fachspezifisch und damit isoliert erhoben und behandelt. Kardio-neurologische Kolloquien sind an einigen Kliniken bereits fest implementiert und sollten einen
Aufschwung erleben, denn nicht umsonst wusste bereits Theodor Fontane (1819–1898): „Wenn das Herz gesund ist, ist der Kopf nie ganz schlecht.“ 2.
A Divergent Approach to β-Pyrazine-Fused meso-Tetraphenyl­diporphyrins
Authors: Tiwari Raju , Nath Mahendra
Published: May 2018

We describe an alternative methodology for the synthesis of β-pyrazine-fused diporphyrins in high yields from 2-amino-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin nickel(II) derivatives by using p-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid as an efficient Brønsted acid catalyst in 1,4-dioxane at 90 °C. The structural characterization, material morphology and electronic properties of the products are reported.
Paracelsus geht an Schweizer Investor: Philippi soll angeschlagene Klinikkette sanieren
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: May 2018

Seit die Klinikkette Paracelsus Insolvenz angemeldet hat, zeigten zahlreiche Investoren Interesse. Nun hat sich der Gläubigerausschuss für die Schweizer Beteiligungsholding Porterhouse Group AG als Käufer entschieden. Die Leitung der angeschlagenen Klinikkette soll zukünftig Prof. Dr. Michael Philippi übernehmen.
Evaluation von Neuen Versorgungsprojekten: Wer schafft den Sprung in die Regelversorgung?
Authors: Swart Enno
Published: May 2018

Es werden jedes Jahr Millionen von Euro in Projekte des Innovationsfonds investiert. Damit die Gelder nicht verpuffen und am Ende auch wirklich eine bessere Patientenversorgung erreicht wird, müssen die Projekte gut evaluiert werden. Dazu gehört es, dass sowohl Erfolge als auch Misserfolge veröffentlicht werden.
Organspende: „Der gesamte Prozess gehört überdacht“
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: May 2018

Die Zahl der Organspender ist 2017 auf den tiefsten Stand seit 20 Jahren gefallen. Obwohl Experten seit Jahren eine Kurskorrektur fordern, blieben grundlegende Reformen bislang aus. Für die dramatische Situation gibt es viele Gründe. Zu ihnen zählen auch Probleme im Organspende-Management von Kliniken.
Logistiksystem der Uniklinik Graz: Die Vorteile der SCOR-Prozessübersicht
Authors: Kazianschütz Michael
Published: May 2018

Für die Entwicklung des Gesamtkonzeptes Logistik auf Basis des SCOR-Prozessmodells hat die Stabsstelle Logistik des Universitätsklinikums Graz den Leipziger Preis für Krankenhauslogistik auf der med.Logistica gewonnen. Mittlerweile sorgt jenes Konzept, das heute die Basis des gesamten Logistiksystems am Grazer Landeskrankenhaus bildet, auch bei anderen Unikliniken für reges Interesse.
Editorial: Verpflegung und Gebäudedienstleistung Können Spezialisten Besser
Authors: Grether Thomas
Published: May 2018

Lassen Sie doch die Spezialisten ran: Das gilt fürs Catering wie fürs Facility Management. Wer die Ernährung von Patienten und Mitarbeitern im Krankenhaus an einen Spezialisten outsourct, der kann sich aufs Kernggeschäft „Heilen und Pflegen“ konzentrieren. So modern die Medizintechnik im Krankenhaus ist, so veraltet ist manchmal die Gebäudesubstanz. Natürlich sind daran hauptsächlich die Bundesländer schuld, die nicht investieren wollen. Aber ein Facility Manager kann Wunder bewirken.
Bluttransport: Vom Himmel hoch…
Authors: Maier Julia
Published: May 2018

Bald schon könnten Drohnen statt Rettungsfahrzeuge Blutkonserven liefern. Zumindest wenn es nach den Agaplesion Frankfurter Diakonie-Kliniken geht, die das Markus- und Bethanienkrankenhaus betreiben. Die Drohne steht schon in den Startlöchern, jetzt müssen nur noch die Behörden zustimmen.
Krankenhaus klinik Rehabilitation 2018: Keine Angst vor Wandel: Zukunft aktiv gestalten
Authors: Lohmann Heinz
Published: May 2018

Gesundheitsanbieter sind gut beraten, sich unverzüglich auf den Weg zu machen. Einweisen, zuweisen, überweisen war gestern. Viele Patienten lassen sich das nicht mehr gefallen, denn sie werden langsam, aber sicher auch zu Konsumenten. Deshalb ist jetzt der richtige Zeitpunkt zum Handeln.
Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung: Tag der Versicherungen – Hauptstadtkongress Medizin und Gesundheit 2018
Authors: Elsner Ulrike
Published: May 2018

Die neue Bundesregierung ist vereidigt und hat mit Jens Spahn einen fachkundigen Sozialpolitiker an die Spitze des Gesundheitsressorts gestellt. Der Koalitionsvertrag ist umfangreich, lässt aber viele Spielräume für eine eigene Handschrift. Es wird mit Spannung zu beobachten sein, wie der Bundesgesundheitsminister diese nutzen wird.
Apothekerforum 2018: Arzneimittelversorgung sichern – stets und überall
Authors: Schmidt Friedemann , Belgardt Christian
Published: May 2018

Ohne lückenlose Arzneimittelversorgung ist ein leistungsfähiges Gesundheitssystem nicht denkbar. Sie zu gewährleisten stellt die Apothekerschaft vor vielfältige Herausforderungen – am Übergang zwischen stationärer und ambulanter Versorgung ebenso wie beim Management zunehmender Lieferengpässe und der Versorgung ländlicher Gebiete. Unterstützung der Politik tut not.
Ralstonia insidiosa Neonatal Sepsis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Akduman Alaşehir Elçin , Öngen İpek Belkız , Thomas David Terence , Sitar Mustafa Erinç , Erener Ercan Tuğba
Published: May 2018

Introduction Ralstonia spp. are nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria that have recently emerged as opportunistic pathogens. Previously, two case series of infection associated with Ralstonia insidiosa have been published. In this case report, R. insidiosa infection of a neonate in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is presented.

Case Presentation A term male infant developed respiratory distress 2 hours after birth and was admitted to the NICU with the presumptive diagnosis of transient tachypnea of the newborn. A left apical pneumothorax was detected, requiring chest tube insertion. An umbilical catheter was placed due to poor peripheral vascular access. On the second day, blood cultures were sent from the umbilical artery and umbilical venous catheters, which showed growth of R. insidiosa. The antibiotics were changed from ampicillin and gentamicin to ampicillin–sulbactam and cefotaxime according to the antibiotic susceptibility test results. Respiratory distress symptoms resolved and the patient was extubated. The infant's clinical condition improved steadily and was discharged with breast feeding and stable vital findings, negative follow-up cultures, and C-reactive protein.

Conclusion Ralstonia insidiosa is an emerging pathogen in hospital infections due to its ability to survive in water supplies and sterilized water-based solutions. There is need for vigilance of R. insidiosa, especially in intensive care units. Awareness of rare pathogens, early detection of the bacteria, and antibiotic susceptibility test results are important in the success of treatment.
Surgeon Oriented Preoperative Radiologic Evaluation in Cochlear Implantation - Our experience with a Proposed Checklist
Authors: Mandour Mahmoud , Tomoum Mohammed , El Zayat Saad , Hamad Hisham , Amer Mohamed
Published: May 2018

Introduction Preoperative temporal bone imaging studies have been routinely performed prior to cochlear implantation. Radiologists need to report these examinations with special focus on the surgeon's expectations.

Objectives To provide a basic structured format, in the form of a checklist, for reporting preoperative computed tomography (CT) and to its clinical impact on operative findings.

Methods The preoperative temporal bone CT scans of 47 patients were analyzed and reported according to the proposed checklist. Intraoperative assessment of mastoidectomy, posterior tympanotomy and round window access was done by the surgeon in a blinded fashion and were correlated with the radiological findings to assess its significance.

Results The proposed radiological checklist was reliable in assessing operative difficulty during cochlear implantation. Contracted mastoid and lower tegmen position were associated with a greater difficulty of the cortical mastoidectomy. Presence of an air cell around the facial nerve (FN) was predictive of easier facial recess access exposure. Facial nerve location and posterior external auditory canal (EAC) wall inclination were predictive of difficult round window (RW) accessibility.

Conclusion Certain parameters on the preoperative temporal bone CT scan may be useful in predicting potential difficulties encountered during the key steps involved in cochlear implant surgery.
Strain-engineering of Janus SiC monolayer functionalized with H and F atoms
Authors: Drissi L. B. , Sadki K. , Kourra M.-H. , Bousmina M.
Published: May 2018

Based on ab initio density functional theory calculations, the structural, electronic, mechanical, acoustic, thermodynamic, and piezoelectric properties of (F,H) Janus SiC monolayers are studied. The new set of derivatives shows buckled structures and different band gap values. Under strain, the buckling changes and the structures pass from semiconducting to metallic. The elastic limits and the metastable regions are determined. The Young's modulus and Poisson ratio reveal stronger behavior for the modified conformers with respect to graphene. The values of the Debye temperature make the new materials suitable for thermal application. Moreover, all the conformers show in-plane and out-of-plane piezoelectric responses comparable with known two-dimensional materials. If engineered, such piezoelectric Janus structures may be promising materials for various nanoelectromechanical applications.
Correlation electron cyclotron emission diagnostic and improved calculation of turbulent temperature fluctuation levels on ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Creely A. J. , Freethy S. J. , Burke W. M. , Conway G. D. , Leccacorvi R. , Parkin W. C. , Terry D. R. , White A. E.
Published: May 2018

A newly upgraded correlation electron cyclotron emission (CECE) diagnostic has been installed on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak and has begun to perform experimental measurements of electron temperature fluctuations. CECE diagnostics measure small amplitude electron temperature fluctuations by correlating closely spaced heterodyne radiometer channels. This upgrade expanded the system from six channels to thirty, allowing simultaneous measurement of fluctuation level radial profiles without repeat discharges, as well as opening up the possibility of measuring radial turbulent correlation lengths. Newly refined statistical techniques have been developed in order to accurately analyze the fluctuation data collected from the CECE system. This paper presents the hardware upgrades for this system and the analysis techniques used to interpret the raw data, as well as measurements of fluctuation spectra and fluctuation level radial profiles.
Enhanced photovoltage on the surface of topological insulator via optical aging
Authors: Yoshikawa Tomoki , Ishida Yukiaki , Sumida Kazuki , Chen Jiahua , Kokh Konstantin A. , Tereshchenko Oleg E. , Shin Shik , Kimura Akio
Published: May 2018

The efficient generation of spin-polarized current is one of the keys to realizing spintronic devices with a low power consumption. Topological insulators are strong candidates for this purpose. A surface photovoltaic effect can be utilized on the surface of a topological insulator, where a surface spin-polarized current can flow upon illumination. Here, we used time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy on the surface of Bi2Te3 to demonstrate that the magnitude of the surface photovoltage is almost doubled in optically aged samples, i.e., samples whose surface has been exposed to intense infrared light illumination. Our findings pave the way for optical control of the spin-polarized current by utilizing topological insulators.
Solving the critical thermal bowing in 3C-SiC/Si(111) by a tilting Si pillar architecture
Authors: Albani Marco , Marzegalli Anna , Bergamaschini Roberto , Mauceri Marco , Crippa Danilo , La Via Francesco , von Känel Hans , Miglio Leo
Published: May 2018

The exceptionally large thermal strain in few-micrometers-thick 3C-SiC films on Si(111), causing severe wafer bending and cracking, is demonstrated to be elastically quenched by substrate patterning in finite arrays of Si micro-pillars, sufficiently large in aspect ratio to allow for lateral pillar tilting, both by simulations and by preliminary experiments. In suspended SiC patches, the mechanical problem is addressed by finite element method: both the strain relaxation and the wafer curvature are calculated at different pillar height, array size, and film thickness. Patches as large as required by power electronic devices (500–1000 μm in size) show a remarkable residual strain in the central area, unless the pillar aspect ratio is made sufficiently large to allow peripheral pillars to accommodate the full film retraction. A sublinear relationship between the pillar aspect ratio and the patch size, guaranteeing a minimal curvature radius, as required for wafer processing and micro-crack prevention, is shown to be valid for any heteroepitaxial system.
Toroidal modelling of resistive internal kink and fishbone instabilities
Authors: Wu Tingting , He Hongda , Liu Yueqiang , Liu Yue , Hao G. Z. , Zhu Jinxia
Published: May 2018

The influence of energetic particles and plasma resistivity on the n=1 (n is the toroidal mode number) internal kink and fishbone modes in tokamak plasmas is numerically investigated, using the full toroidal, resistive magnetohydrodynamic-kinetic hybrid stability code MARS-K [Liu et al., Phys. Plasmas 15 112503 (2008)]. The results show that energetic particles can either stabilize or destabilize the ideal internal kink mode, depending on the radial profiles of the particles' density and pressure. Resistive fishbones with and without an ideal wall are investigated. It is found that, in the presence of energetic particles as well as plasma resistivity, two branches of unstable roots exist, for a plasma which is ideally stable to the internal kink instability. One is the resistive internal kink mode. The other is the resistive fishbone mode. These two-branch solutions show similar behaviors, independent of whether the initial ideal kink stability is due to an ideal wall stabilization for high-beta plasmas, or due to a stable equilibrium below the Bussac pressure limit. For a realistic toroidal plasma, the resistive internal kink is the dominant instability, which grows much faster than the resistive fishbone. The plasma resistivity destabilizes the resistive internal kink while stabilizes the resistive fishbone. Systematic comparison with an analytic model qualitatively confirms the MARS-K results. Compared to analytic models based on the perturbative approach, MARS-K offers an improved physics model via self-consistent treatment of coupling between the fluid and kinetic effects due to energetic particles.
Room temperature ferromagnetism in transition metal-doped black phosphorous
Authors: Jiang Xiaohong , Zhang Xinwei , Xiong Fang , Hua Zhenghe , Wang Zhihe , Yang Shaoguang
Published: May 2018

High pressure high temperature synthesis of transition metal (TM = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) doped black phosphorus (BP) was performed. Room temperature ferromagnetism was observed in Cr and Mn doped BP samples. X-ray diffraction and Raman measurements revealed pure phase BP without any impurity. Transport measurements showed us semiconducting character in 5 at. % doped BP samples Cr5%P95% and Mn5%P95%. The magnetoresistance (MR) studies presented positive MR in the relatively high temperature range and negative MR in the low temperature range. Compared to that of pure BP, the maximum MR was enhanced in Cr5%P95%. However, paramagnetism was observed in V, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu doped BP samples.
Size-induced axial band structure and directional flow of a ternary-size granular material in a 3-D horizontal rotating drum
Authors: Yang Shiliang , Sun Yuhao , Ma Honghe , Chew Jia Wei
Published: May 2018

Differences in the material property of the granular material induce segregation which inevitably influences both natural and industrial processes. To understand the dynamical segregation behavior, the band structure, and also the spatial redistribution of particles induced by the size differences of the particles, a ternary-size granular mixture in a three-dimensional rotating drum operating in the rolling flow regime is numerically simulated using the discrete element method. The results demonstrate that (i) the axial bands of the medium particles are spatially sandwiched in between those of the large and small ones; (ii) the total mass in the active and passive regions is a global parameter independent of segregation; (iii) nearly one-third of all the particles are in the active region, with the small particles having the highest mass fraction; (iv) the axial bands initially appear near the end wall, then become wider and purer in the particular species with time as more axial bands form toward the axial center; and (v) the medium particle type exhibits segregation later and has the narrowest axial bandwidth and least purity in the bands. Compared to the binary-size system, the presence of the medium particle type slightly increases the total mass in the active region, leads to larger mass fractions of the small and large particle types in the active region, and enhances the axial segregation in the system. The results obtained in the current work provide valuable insights regarding size segregation, and band structure and formation in the rotating drum with polydisperse particles.
Band-pass Fabry-Pèrot magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Tulapurkar Ashwin. A. , Muralidharan Bhaskaran
Published: May 2018

We propose a high-performance magnetic tunnel junction by making electronic analogs of optical phenomena such as anti-reflections and Fabry-Pèrot resonances. The devices we propose feature anti-reflection enabled superlattice heterostructures sandwiched between the fixed and the free ferromagnets of the magnetic tunnel junction structure. Our predictions are based on non-equilibrium Green's function spin transport formalism coupled self-consistently with the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski equation. Owing to the physics of bandpass spin filtering in the bandpass Fabry-Pèrot magnetic tunnel junction device, we demonstrate an ultra-high boost in the tunnel magneto-resistance (≈5 × 104%) and nearly 1200% suppression of spin transfer torque switching bias in comparison to a traditional trilayer magnetic tunnel junction device. The proof of concepts presented here can lead to next-generation spintronic device design harvesting the rich physics of superlattice heterostructures and exploiting spintronic analogs of optical phenomena.
A transverse separate-spin-evolution streaming instability
Authors: Iqbal Z. , Andreev Pavel A. , Murtaza G.
Published: May 2018

By using the separate spin evolution quantum hydrodynamical model, the instability of transverse mode due to electron streaming in a partially spin polarized magnetized degenerate plasma is studied. The electron spin polarization gives birth to a new spin-dependent wave (i.e., separate spin evolution streaming driven ordinary wave) in the real wave spectrum. It is shown that the spin polarization and streaming speed significantly affect the frequency of this new mode. Analyzing growth rate, it is found that the electron spin effects reduce the growth rate and shift the threshold of instability as well as its termination point towards higher values. Additionally, how the other parameters like electron streaming and Fermi pressure influence the growth rate is also investigated. Current study can help towards better understanding of the existence of new waves and streaming instability in the astrophysical plasmas.
Expansion of a radially symmetric blast shell into a uniformly magnetized plasma
Authors: Dieckmann M. E. , Moreno Q. , Doria D. , Romagnani L. , Sarri G. , Folini D. , Walder R. , Bret A. , d'Humières E. , Borghesi M.
Published: May 2018

The expansion of a thermal pressure-driven radial blast shell into a dilute ambient plasma is examined with two-dimensional PIC simulations. The purpose is to determine if laminar shocks form in a collisionless plasma which resemble their magnetohydrodynamic counterparts. The ambient plasma is composed of electrons with the temperature of 2 keV and cool fully ionized nitrogen ions. It is permeated by a spatially uniform magnetic field. A forward shock forms between the shocked ambient medium and the pristine ambient medium, which changes from an ion acoustic one through a slow magnetosonic one to a fast magnetosonic shock with increasing shock propagation angles relative to the magnetic field. The slow magnetosonic shock that propagates obliquely to the magnetic field changes into a tangential discontinuity for a perpendicular propagation direction, which is in line with the magnetohydrodynamic model. The expulsion of the magnetic field by the expanding blast shell triggers an electron-cyclotron drift instability.
Freestanding ultrathin single-crystalline SiC substrate by MeV H ion-slicing
Authors: Jia Qi , Huang Kai , You Tiangui , Yi Ailun , Lin Jiajie , Zhang Shibin , Zhou Min , Zhang Bin , Zhang Bo , Yu Wenjie , Ou Xin , Wang Xi
Published: May 2018

SiC is a widely used wide-bandgap semiconductor, and the freestanding ultrathin single-crystalline SiC substrate provides the material platform for advanced devices. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of a freestanding ultrathin single-crystalline SiC substrate with a thickness of 22 μm by ion slicing using 1.6 MeV H ion implantation. The ion-slicing process performed in the MeV energy range was compared to the conventional case using low-energy H ion implantation in the keV energy range. The blistering behavior of the implanted SiC surface layer depends on both the implantation temperature and the annealing temperature. Due to the different straggling parameter for two implant energies, the distribution of implantation-induced damage is significantly different. The impact of implantation temperature on the high-energy and low-energy slicing was opposite, and the ion-slicing SiC in the MeV range initiates at a much higher temperature.
Tuning the synchronization of a network of weakly coupled self-oscillating gels via capacitors
Authors: Fang Yan , Yashin Victor V. , Dickerson Samuel J. , Balazs Anna C.
Published: May 2018

We consider a network of coupled oscillating units, where each unit comprises a self-oscillating polymer gel undergoing the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction and an overlaying piezoelectric (PZ) cantilever. Through chemo-mechano-electrical coupling, the oscillations of the networked BZ-PZ units achieve in-phase or anti-phase synchronization, enabling, for example, the storage of information within the system. Herein, we develop numerical and computational models to show that the introduction of capacitors into the BZ-PZ system enhances the dynamical behavior of the oscillating network by yielding additional stable synchronization modes. We specifically show that the capacitors lead to a redistribution of charge in the system and alteration of the force that the PZ cantilevers apply to the underlying gel. Hence, the capacitors modify the strength of the coupling between the oscillators in the network. We utilize a linear stability analysis to determine the phase behavior of BZ-PZ networks encompassing different capacitances, force polarities, and number of units and then verify our findings with numerical simulations. Thus, through analytical calculations and numerical simulations, we determine the impact of the capacitors on the existence of the synchronization modes, their stability, and the rate of synchronization within these complex dynamical systems. The findings from our study can be used to design robotic materials that harness the materials' intrinsic, responsive properties to perform such functions as sensing, actuation, and information storage.
Effects of residual kinetic energy on yield degradation and ion temperature asymmetries in inertial confinement fusion implosions
Authors: Woo K. M. , Betti R. , Shvarts D. , Bose A. , Patel D. , Yan R. , Chang P.-Y. , Mannion O. M. , Epstein R. , Delettrez J. A. , Charissis M. , Anderson K. S. , Radha P. B. , Shvydky A. , Igumenshchev I. V. , Gopalaswamy V. , Christopherson A. R. , Sanz J. , Aluie H.
Published: May 2018

The study of Rayleigh–Taylor instability in the deceleration phase of inertial confinement fusion implosions is carried out using the three-dimensional (3-D) radiation-hydrodynamic Eulerian parallel code DEC3D. We show that the yield-over-clean is a strong function of the residual kinetic energy (RKE) for low modes. Our analytical models indicate that the behavior of larger hot-spot volumes observed in low modes and the consequential pressure degradation can be explained in terms of increasing the RKE. These results are derived using a simple adiabatic implosion model of the deceleration phase as well as through an extensive set of 3-D single-mode simulations using the code DEC3D. The effect of the bulk velocity broadening on ion temperature asymmetries is analyzed for different mode numbers ℓ=1–12. The jet observed in low mode ℓ=1 is shown to cause the largest ion temperature variation in the mode spectrum. The vortices of high modes within the cold bubbles are shown to cause lower ion temperature variations than low modes.
Investigation on the optimal magnetic field of a cusp electron gun for a W-band gyro-TWA
Authors: Zhang Liang , He Wenlong , Donaldson Craig R. , Cross Adrian W.
Published: May 2018

High efficiency and broadband operation of a gyrotron traveling wave amplifier (gyro-TWA) require a high-quality electron beam with low-velocity spreads. The beam velocity spreads are mainly due to the differences of the electric and magnetic fields that the electrons withstand the electron gun. This paper investigates the possibility to decouple the design of electron gun geometry and the magnet system while still achieving optimal results, through a case study of designing a cusp electron gun for a W-band gyro-TWA. A global multiple-objective optimization routing was used to optimize the electron gun geometry for different predefined magnetic field profiles individually. Their results were compared and the properties of the required magnetic field profile are summarized.
Propagation of symmetric and anti-symmetric surface waves in aself-gravitating magnetized dusty plasma layer with generalized (r, q) distribution
Authors: Lee Myoung-Jae , Jung Young-Dae
Published: May 2018

The dispersion properties of surface dust ion-acoustic waves in a self-gravitating magnetized dusty plasma layer with the (r, q) distribution are investigated. The result shows that the wave frequency of the symmetric mode in the plasma layer decreases with an increase in the wave number. It is also shown that the wave frequency of the symmetric mode decreases with an increase in the spectral index r. However, the wave frequency of the anti-symmetric mode increases with an increase in the wave number. It is also found that the anti-symmetric mode wave frequency increases with an increase in the spectral index r. In addition, it is found that the influence of the self-gravitation on the symmetric mode wave frequency decreases with increasing scaled Jeans frequency. Moreover, it is found that the wave frequency of the symmetric mode increases with an increase in the dust charge; however, the anti-symmetric mode shows opposite behavior.
Transient dynamics of strongly coupled spin vortex pairs: Effects of anharmonicity and resonant excitation on inertial switching
Authors: Holmgren E. , Bondarenko A. , Persson M. , Ivanov B. A. , Korenivski V.
Published: May 2018

Spin vortices in magnetic nanopillars are used as GHz oscillators, with frequency however essentially fixed in fabrication. We demonstrate a model system of a two-vortex nanopillar, in which the resonance frequency can be changed by an order of magnitude, without using high dc magnetic fields. The effect is due to switching between the two stable states of the vortex pair, and we show that it can be done with low-amplitude fields of sub-ns duration. We detail the relevant vortex-core dynamics and explain how field anharmonicity and phase control can be used to enhance the performance.
Communication: Symmetrical quasi-classical analysis of linear optical spectroscopy
Authors: Provazza Justin , Coker David F.
Published: May 2018

The symmetrical quasi-classical approach for propagation of a many degree of freedom density matrix is explored in the context of computing linear spectra. Calculations on a simple two state model for which exact results are available suggest that the approach gives a qualitative description of peak positions, relative amplitudes, and line broadening. Short time details in the computed dipole autocorrelation function result in exaggerated tails in the spectrum.