bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patientenrückmeldung als Möglichkeit die Versorgungsqualität von Spitalpatienten zu verbessern. Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse
Authors: Hoffmann Susanne , Dreher-Hummel Thomas , Dollinger Claudia , Frei Irena Anna
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Viele Spitäler haben definierte Abläufe, um auf Rückmeldungen von Patientinnen/Patienten und ihren Angehörigen zu reagieren. Durch eine systematische Analyse der Rückmeldungen lassen sich Häufungen und Beschwerdemuster erkennen und gezielt Verbesserungsmaßnahmen ableiten ( Gallagher & Mazor, 2015 ). Fragestellung/Ziel: In dem hier vorgestellten pflegerischen Praxisentwicklungsprojekt wurden folgende Ziele verfolgt: 1) Identifikation kommunikationsbezogener Beschwerdeaspekte, 2) Systematisierung und Priorisierung kommunikationsbezogener Beschwerdeaspekte und 3) Ableitung von praxisrelevanten Handlungsempfehlungen. Methode: Zu 273 Patientenrückmeldungen wurden die spitalinternen Arbeitsdokumente (Sekundärdatenanalyse) des Qualitätsmanagements mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse anhand des Kategorienschemas von Reader, Gillespie und Roberts (2014) für Patientenbeschwerden durch Pflegeexpertinnen/-experten in einem Praxisentwicklungsprojekt analysiert. Es folgte eine induktive Differenzierung der Kategorien zur Erkennung von Häufungen ähnlicher Beschwerdemuster und zur Priorisierung von Handlungsfeldern. Ergebnisse: Es konnten 186 kommunikationsrelevante Beschwerdeaspekte identifiziert und in 16 Subkategorien eingeteilt werden. Zu jeder Subkategorie wurden mögliche Verbesserungsmaßnahmen abgeleitet, diskutiert und priorisiert, die im Einklang mit der pflegerischen Vision der Institution umgesetzt wurden. Schlussfolgerungen: Patientenrückmeldungen erwiesen sich als ausgezeichnete Reflexions- und Lernmöglichkeit für Pflegende. Dadurch wurden neue Impulse in der Auseinandersetzung mit dem abstrakten Thema der „personenzentrierten Versorgung“ gesetzt.
Space Weathering Asymmetrically Alters Lunar Crater Walls
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: January 2018

Directional differences in craters’ optical properties suggest that the solar wind, not tiny meteorites, is the main driver of space weathering on the Moon.
Long non-coding RNA HOTTIP promotes BCL-2 expression and induces chemoresistance in small cell lung cancer by sponging miR-216a
Authors: Sun Yanqin , Hu Bingshuang , Wang Qiongyao , Ye Minting , Qiu Qianqian , Zhou Yuanyuan , Zeng Fanrui , Zhang Xiaomin , Guo Ying , Guo Linlang
Published: January 2018

Despite progress in treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), its multidrug chemoresistance and poor prognosis still remain. Recently, we globally assessed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) for contributions to SCLC chemoresistance using microarray data, in vitro and in vivo assays. Here we reported that HOTTIP, encoding a lncRNA that is frequently amplified in SCLC, was associated with SCLC cell chemosensitivity, proliferation, and poor prognosis of SCLC patients. Moreover, mechanistic investigations showed that HOTTIP functioned as an oncogene in SCLC progression by binding miR-216a and abrogating its tumor-suppressive function in this setting. On the other hand, HOTTIP increased the expression of anti-apoptotic factor BCL-2, another important target gene of miR-216a, and jointly enhanced chemoresistance of SCLC by regulating BCL-2. Taken together, our study established a role for HOTTIP in SCLC progression and chemoresistance suggest its candidacy as a new diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for clinical management of SCLC.
Transmembrane protein 170B is a novel breast tumorigenesis suppressor gene that inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Li Mengwei , Han Yanzhen , Zhou Haoze , Li Xin , Lin Chenyu , Zhang Erhao , Chi Xiaowei , Hu Jialiang , Xu Hanmei
Published: January 2018

The identification of specific drug targets guides the development of precise cancer treatments. Compared with oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes have been poorly studied in the treatment of breast cancer. We integrate the microRNA expression array from GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) and TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) databases in clinical breast cancer tissues, and find that miR-27a is significantly upregulated and correlated with poor survival outcome and tumor progression. Transmembrane protein 170B (TMEM170B), a new functional target of miR-27a, is identified via target prediction and experimental validation, suppressing breast cancer proliferation, metastasis, and tumorigenesis. Furthermore, TMEM170B overexpression promotes cytoplasmic β-catenin phosphorylation, resulting in the inhibition of β-catenin stabilization, reduction of nuclear β-catenin levels and downstream targets expression. Clinically, TMEM170B or β-catenin expression is significantly correlated with overall survival ratio in breast cancer patients. Thus, these results highlight TMEM170B as a novel tumor suppressor target in association with the β-catenin pathway, which may provide a new therapeutic approach for human breast cancer therapy.
Covalent ISG15 conjugation to CHIP promotes its ubiquitin E3 ligase activity and inhibits lung cancer cell growth in response to type I interferon
Authors: Yoo Lang , Yoon A-Rum , Yun Chae-Ok , Chung Kwang Chul
Published: January 2018

The carboxyl terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) acts as a ubiquitin E3 ligase and a link between the chaperones Hsp70/90 and the proteasome system, playing a vital role in maintaining protein homeostasis. CHIP regulates a number of proteins involved in a myriad of physiological and pathological processes, but the underlying mechanism of action via posttranslational modification has not been extensively explored. In this study, we investigated a novel modulatory mode of CHIP and its effect on CHIP enzymatic activity. ISG15, an ubiquitin-like modifier, is induced by type I interferon (IFN) stimulation and can be conjugated to target proteins (ISGylation). Here we demonstrated that CHIP may be a novel target of ISGylation in HEK293 cells stimulated with type I IFN. We also found that Lys143/144/145 and Lys287 residues in CHIP are important for and target residues of ISGylation. Moreover, ISGylation promotes the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of CHIP, subsequently causing a decrease in levels of oncogenic c-Myc, one of its many ubiquitination targets, in A549 lung cancer cells and inhibiting A549 cell and tumor growth. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that covalent ISG15 conjugation produces a novel CHIP regulatory mode that enhances the tumor-suppressive activity of CHIP, thereby contributing to the antitumor effect of type I IFN.
CD40L mediated alternative NFκB-signaling induces resistance to BCR-inhibitors in patients with mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Rauert-Wunderlich Hilka , Rudelius Martina , Berberich Ingolf , Rosenwald Andreas
Published: January 2018

Drug resistance is a significant obstacle in cancer treatment and therefore a frequent subject of research. Developed or primary resistance limits the treatment success of inhibitors of the B cell receptor (BCR) pathway in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) patients. Recent research has highlighted the role of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) pathway in the context of resistance to BCR inhibitors in MCL. In this study, we analyzed the dependency of MCL cell lines on NFκB signaling and illustrated the ability of CD40L to activate the alternative NFκB pathway in MCL. This activation leads to independency of classical NFκB signaling and results in resistance to BCR inhibitors. Therefore, ligands (such as CD40L) and their activation of the alternative NFκB pathway have a major impact on the drug response in MCL. Furthermore, this study indicates a protective role for cells expressing specific ligands as microenvironmental niches for MCL cells and underlines the significance of therapeutically targeting alternative NFκB signaling in MCL.
Contaminant-Activated Visible Light Photocatalysis
Authors: Krishna Vijay , Bai Wei , Han Zhao , Yano Akihiro , Thakur Abhinav , Georgieva Angelina , Tolley Kristy , Navarro Joseph , Koopman Ben , Moudgil Brij
Published: January 2018

Pristine titanium dioxide (TiO2) absorbs ultraviolet light and reflects the entire visible spectrum. This optical response of TiO2 has found widespread application as white pigments in paper, paints, pharmaceuticals, foods and plastic industries; and as a UV absorber in cosmetics and photocatalysis. However, pristine TiO2 is considered to be inert under visible light for these applications. Here we show for the first time that a bacterial contaminant (Staphylococcus aureus—a MRSA surrogate) in contact with TiO2 activates its own photocatalytic degradation under visible light. The present study delineates the critical role of visible light absorption by contaminants and electronic interactions with anatase in photocatalytic degradation using two azo dyes (Mordant Orange and Procion Red) that are highly stable because of their aromaticity. An auxiliary light harvester, polyhydroxy fullerenes, was successfully used to accelerate photocatalytic degradation of contaminants. We designed a contaminant-activated, transparent, photocatalytic coating for common indoor surfaces and conducted a 12-month study that proved the efficacy of the coating in killing bacteria and holding bacterial concentrations generally below the benign threshold. Data collected in parallel with this study showed a substantial reduction in the incidence of infections.
Optimizing critical parameters for the directly measurement of particle flow with PF-SIBS
Authors: Yao Shunchun , Xu Jialong , Zhang Lifeng , Zhao Jingbo , Lu Zhimin
Published: January 2018

A novel measurement technology named as particle flow-spark induced breakdown spectroscopy (PF-SIBS) was reported for real-time measurement of solid materials. Critical measurement parameters of PF-SIBS were optimized and a set of fly ashes with different carbon content were measured for evaluation of measurement performance. Four electrode materials, tungsten, copper, molybdenum and platinum, were compared in the aspects of signal stability, line interference and electrode durability. Less line interference and better signal stability were obtained with W and Cu electrode, while W electrode has better durability. Quartz sand with diameters from 48 μm to 180 μm were tested to investigate the influence of particle size. As the particle diameter increased, the intensity of Si 288.16 nm line decreased while that of ambient air constituents increased. To reduce the particle effect, the sum intensity from sample and ambient air were introduced to correct. The RSD of line intensity between the five diameters were reduced from 67.30% to 16.59% with Cu electrodes and from 63.21% to 13.64% with W electrodes. With the optimal measurement parameters and correction, fly ash samples with different carbon content were tested and the correlation coefficients R2 of multivariate calibration achieved 0.987.
Insights into earthquake hazard map performance from shaking history simulations
Authors: Vanneste Kris , Stein Seth , Camelbeeck Thierry , Vleminckx Bart
Published: January 2018

Why recent large earthquakes caused shaking stronger than shown on earthquake hazard maps for common return periods is under debate. Explanations include: (1) Current probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) is deficient. (2) PSHA is fine but some map parameters are wrong. (3) Low-probability events consistent with a map sometimes occur. This issue has two parts. Verification involves how well maps implement PSHA (“have we built the map right?”). Validation asks how well maps forecast shaking (“have we built the right map?”). We explore how well a map can ideally perform by simulating an area’s shaking history and comparing “observed” shaking to that predicted by a map generated for the same parameters. The simulations yield shaking distributions whose mean is consistent with the map, but individual shaking histories show large scatter. Infrequent large earthquakes cause shaking much stronger than mapped, as observed. Hence, PSHA seems internally consistent and can be regarded as verified. Validation is harder because an earthquake history can yield shaking higher or lower than the hazard map without being inconsistent. As reality gives only one history, it is hard to assess whether misfit between a map and actual shaking reflects chance or a map biased by inappropriate parameters.
Biological corneal inlay for presbyopia derived from small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE)
Authors: Liu Yu-Chi , Teo Ericia Pei Wen , Ang Heng Pei , Seah Xin Yi , Lwin Nyein Chan , Yam Gary Hin Fai , Mehta Jodhbir S.
Published: January 2018

Corneal inlays are a relatively new treatment option for presbyopia. Using biological inlays, derived from lenticules extracted from small incision lenticule extraction, may offer advantages over commercialized synthetic inlays in the aspect of biocompatibility. We conducted a non-human primate study to evaluate the safety, predictability, efficacy and tissue response after autogeneic, decellularized xenogeneic and xenogeneic lenticule implantation. The lenticule implantation effectively resulted in central corneal steepening (simulated keratometric values increased by 1.8–2.3 diopters), central hyper-prolate changes (asphericity Q values changed by −0.26 to −0.36), corneal anterior surface elevation (7.7–9.3 μm) and reasonable effective zone (1.5–1.8 times of the lenticule physical diameter), with no differences among the three groups. Slit lamp microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, histology and immunohistochemistry analyses confirmed the biocompatibility of the autogeneic and decellularized lenticules, whereas one eye in the xenogeneic group developed corneal stromal rejection during the study period. Our results showed that lenticule implantation has the potential for the management of presbyopia, and provide the basis for future clinical studies. The decellularization process may increase the potential utilization of lenticules without changing the efficacy.
Performance of point-of-care diagnosis of AIDS: label-free one-step-immunoassay vs. lateral flow assay
Authors: Kwon J.-H. , Kim H.-T. , Sim S. J. , Cha Y. J. , Lee J.
Published: January 2018

The objective of this study is to develop an accurate, rapid, simple, and label-free assay technology that enables point-of-care diagnosis of AIDS.
Enzymatically-stable oxetane-based dipeptide hydrogels
Authors: McDougall Laura , Draper Emily R. , Beadle Jonathan D. , Shipman Michael , Raubo Piotr , Jamieson Andrew G. , Adams Dave J.
Published: January 2018

A new Fmoc-protected dipeptide incorporating an oxetane ring as a surrogate for the amide carbonyl group is an effective gelator.
Scanning electrochemical microscopy at the nanometer level
Authors: Kai Tianhan , Zoski Cynthia G. , Bard Allen J.
Published: January 2018

Chemical and electrochemical reactions at high temporal and spatial resolution can be studied using nanoscale SECM.
Enzymatic asymmetric synthesis of chiral amino acids
Authors: Xue Ya-Ping , Cao Cheng-Hao , Zheng Yu-Guo
Published: January 2018

This review summarizes the progress achieved in the enzymatic asymmetric synthesis of chiral amino acids from prochiral substrates.
Halide and hydroxide anion binding in water
Authors: Savastano M. , Bazzicalupi C. , García-Gallarín C. , Giorgi C. , López de la Torre M. D. , Pichierri F. , Bianchi A. , Melguizo M.
Published: January 2018

The interplay of weak forces and solvation effects give rise to peculiar anion binding trends.
Two halide-containing cesium manganese vanadates: synthesis, characterization, and magnetic properties
Authors: Smith Pellizzeri Tiffany M. , McGuire Michael A. , McMillen Colin D. , Wen Yimei , Chumanov George , Kolis Joseph W.
Published: January 2018

Two new halide-containing cesium manganese vanadates have been synthesized by a high-temperature (580 °C) hydrothermal synthetic method from aqueous brine solutions.
On-surface synthesis of graphene clusters from a Z-bar-linkage precursor with quaterphenyl branches
Authors: Xu Zhen , Kojima Takahiro , Wang Wanyu , Kaushik Kabya , Saliniemi Alex , Nakae Takahiro , Sakaguchi Hiroshi
Published: January 2018

Graphene clusters were fabricated from a quaterphenyl-branched “Z-bar-linkage” precursor, following intramolecular and intermolecular fusion.
Catalytic activity dependence on morphological properties of acidic ion-exchange resins for the simultaneous ETBE and TAEE liquid-phase synthesis
Authors: Soto R. , Fité C. , Ramírez E. , Iborra M. , Tejero J.
Published: January 2018

Resin acid capacity and specific volume of the swollen polymer are the key properties that determine its catalytic activity.
1,5-Cyclooctadienyl alcohols and ketones generate a new class of COD Pt complexes
Authors: Wandler Angela E. E. , Koos Martin R. M. , Nieger Martin , Luy Burkhard , Bräse Stefan
Published: January 2018

A variety of new racemic alcohol and ketone cyclooctadiene derivatives was prepared for their complexation with platinum to generate a new class of platinum(ii) complexes.
Themed collection: Synthetic approaches to natural products via catalytic processes
Authors: Fensterbank Louis , Gao Shuanhu , Zakarian Armen
Published: January 2018

Guest editors Louis Fensterbank, Shuanhu Gao and Armen Zakarian introduce this Organic Chemistry Frontiers themed collection entitled “Synthetic approaches to natural products via catalytic processes”.
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell senescence is associated with altered expression profiles of cellular memory-involved gene
Authors: Dong Yongpin , Lian Xiaolan , Xu Yanwu , Hu Haiyan , Chang Cen , Zhang Haiyin , Zhang Lina
Published: January 2018

To evaluate the contributions of cellular memory mechanisms to hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) senescence. HSPCs (Lin−CD117+, hereafter referred to as HSPC) were separated from young (6-week-old) and aged (18-month-old) mice using Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting (MACS). Cell cycle distribution of HSPCs was determined using flow cytometry. The mixed colony forming unit (CFU-Mix) assay was used to study the HSPCs’ ability to proliferate. The mRNA expression levels of cellular memory-implicated PCG family (enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2), B lymphoma mo-MLV insertion region 1 (Bmi-1), embryonic ectoderm development (Eed), melanoma nuclear protein 18 (Mel18), Mph1/polyhomeotic-like protein 1 (Rae-28)) and Trithorax group (TrxG) family (mixed lineage leukemia (Mll), thioredoxin (Trx)) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. We obtained highly purified populations of mouse HSPCs (Lin−CD117+) (92.2 ± 4.5% CD117+). The percentage of HSPCs was significantly higher in older mice compared with younger control mice and the percentage of SA-β-galactosidase positive cells was significantly higher in HSPCs isolated from older mice (P<0.05). The percentage of HSPCs in G0/G1 was significantly higher in older mice compared with younger control mice (52.0 compared with 47.1%), indicating increased cell cycle arrest in senescent HSPCs. The amount of CFU-Mix was significantly decreased in aged group (13.8 compared with 40.0), indicating a diminished ability to proliferate in senescent HSPCs. Ezh1, Bmi-1, Eed, Rae-28 gene mRNA expression was significantly lower in HSPCs from older mice compared to younger controls, while Mel18 mRNA expression was significantly higher in HSPCs from older mice (P<0.05). The expression of genes associated with cellular memory is altered in senescent (Lin− CD117+) HSPCs, which may affect the potential plasticity of aged hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and thereby contribute to senescence-associated disease processes.
Wideband printed monopole antenna for application in wireless communication systems
Authors: Alibakhshikenari Mohammad , Virdee Bal S. , See Chan Hwang , Abd‐Alhameed Raed , Ali Abdul , Falcone Francisco , Limiti Ernesto
Published: January 2018

Empirical results of an electrically small printed monopole antenna are described with a fractional bandwidth of 185% (115 MHz to 2.90 GHz) for return‐loss better than 10 dB, peak gain and radiation efficiency at 1.45 GHz of 2.35 dBi and 78.8%, respectively. The antenna geometry can be approximated to a back‐to‐back triangular shaped patch structure that is excited through a common feed‐line with a meander‐line T‐shape divider. The truncated ground‐plane includes a central stub located underneath the feed‐line. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna is enhanced with the inclusion of meander‐line slots in the patch and four double split‐ring resonators on the underside of the radiating patches. The antenna radiates approximately omni‐directionally to provide coverage over a large part of very high frequency, the whole of ultrahigh frequency, the whole of L‐band and some parts of S‐band. The antenna has dimensions of 48.32 × 43.72 × 0.8 mm3, which is corresponding to the electrical size of 0.235λ0 × 0.211λ0 × 0.003λ0, where λ0 is the free‐space wavelength at 1.45 GHz. The proposed low‐profile low‐cost antenna is suitable for application in wideband wireless communications systems.
Hilfe zur Selbsthilfe
Authors: Rabenstein Lisa
Published: January 2018

Interventionskoffer, die Zwölfte Wie können Angst- und Panikpatienten praktikable Hilfen bekommen, um sich selbst zu helfen? Am
Pfalzklinikum wurde dazu eine psychoedukative Gruppe implementiert, die Betroffene anleitet, Ressourcen zu aktivieren, Wissen zu erwerben
und eigenverantwortlich mit ihrer Erkrankung umzugehen. Durch den dynamischen Austausch in der Gruppe können sie sich gegenseitig
unterstützen und Mut machen. Wir stellen Ihnen das Konzept und die dazugehörigen Werkzeuge vor.
Pionier der modernen Psychiatrie
Authors: Rau Fritz-Stefan
Published: January 2018

Porträt Heinz Häfner Kaum einer prägte die deutsche Psychiatrie der Nachkriegszeit wie der Psychiater Heinz Häfner. Was vielen nicht
bewusst ist: Er beeinflusste auch maßgeblich die psychiatrische Pflege. Wie er nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg zu der Absicht kam, die
Psychiatrie zu reformieren, erzählt er im Gespräch mit der PPH.
Qualitätszeit schenken
Authors: Göhner Anne , Schnurr Klaus Bernhard , Saile Daniel , Bacherer Ralf , Hüll Prof. Dr. Michael
Published: January 2018

Ehrenamtlicher Besuchsdienst Wie lassen sich sogenannte „ehrenamtlich Begleitende“ erfolgreich in die Alterspsychiatrie integrieren?
Wir stellen Ihnen ein Schulungs- und Begleitkonzept für einen ehrenamtlichen Besuchsdienst vor, der an der Klinik für Alterspsychiatrie und
Psychotherapie Emmendingen entwickelt und erprobt wurde. Dabei ist die Intention der Besuche von Ehrenamtlichen klar von hilfspflegerischen
und therapeutischen Tätigkeiten abgegrenzt. Lesen Sie, wie es gelingt, „Qualitätszeit“ zu schenken, sodass alle Seiten davon profitieren –
sowohl die Patienten als auch die ehrenamtlich Begleitenden und die Pflegenden.
Characterization of a commercial software defined radio as high frequency lock-in amplifier for FM spectroscopy
Authors: Mahnke Peter
Published: January 2018

A commercial software defined radio based on a Rafael Micro R820T2 tuner is characterized for the use as a high-frequency lock-in amplifier for frequency modulation spectroscopy. The sensitivity limit of the receiver is 1.6 nV/Hz. Frequency modulation spectroscopy is demonstrated on the 6406.69 cm−1 absorption line of carbon monoxide.
Solvent controlled intramolecular electron transfer in mixtures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidizolium tetrafluoroborate and acetonitrile
Authors: Rumble Christopher A. , Maroncelli Mark
Published: January 2018

Time-resolved emission techniques were used to study the excited-state intramolecular electron transfer of 9-(4-biphenyl)-10-methylacridinium (BPAc+) in mixtures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidizolium tetrafluoroborate ([Im41][BF4])+ acetonitrile (ACN), a mixture previously shown to be of nearly constant polarity and nearly ideal mixing behavior. Reaction times (τrxn) track solvation times (τsolv) as a function of mixture composition over a range of more than 3 orders of magnitude in τsolv. This same correlation extends to a variety of neat dipolar solvents and ionic liquids. Reaction times are ∼2-fold larger than τsolv over most of the range studied but appear to reach a limiting value of ∼3 ps in the fastest solvents.
Transient magnetization dynamics of spin-torque oscillator and magnetic dot coupled by magnetic dipolar interaction: Reading of magnetization direction using magnetic resonance
Authors: Kanao Taro , Suto Hirofumi , Kudo Kiwamu , Nagasawa Tazumi , Mizushima Koichi , Sato Rie
Published: January 2018

We study the magnetization dynamics of a spin-torque oscillator (STO) and a magnetic dot coupled by a magnetic dipolar field using micromagnetic simulation with the aim of developing a read method in magnetic recording that uses magnetic resonance. We propose an STO with a perpendicularly magnetized free layer and an in-plane-magnetized fixed layer as a suitable STO for this resonance read method. When the oscillation frequency of the STO is near the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) frequency of the magnetic dot, the oscillation amplitude of the STO decreases because FMR excited in the magnetic dot causes additional dissipation. To estimate the read rate of the resonance read method, we study the transient magnetization dynamics to the coupled oscillation state from an initial state where the STO is in a free-running state and the magnetic dot is in a stationary stable state. The STO shows transient dynamics within a time scale of 1 ns, which means that the STO can perform resonance reading with a response time within this time scale. This response time is shorter when the separation length between the STO and the magnetic dot is shorter, which indicates that the response speed can become faster by increasing the strength of the interaction between the STO and the magnetic dot. Successive reads are demonstrated by moving the STO over an array of magnetic dots.
Mode structure symmetry breaking of energetic particle driven beta-induced Alfvén eigenmode
Authors: Lu Z. X. , Wang X. , Lauber Ph. , Zonca F.
Published: January 2018

The mode structure symmetry breaking of energetic particle driven Beta-induced Alfvén Eigenmode (BAE) is studied based on global theory and simulation. The weak coupling formula gives a reasonable estimate of the local eigenvalue compared with global hybrid simulation using XHMGC. The non-perturbative effect of energetic particles on global mode structure symmetry breaking in radial and parallel (along B) directions is demonstrated. With the contribution from energetic particles, two dimensional (radial and poloidal) BAE mode structures with symmetric/asymmetric tails are produced using an analytical model. It is demonstrated that the symmetry breaking in radial and parallel directions is intimately connected. The effects of mode structure symmetry breaking on nonlinear physics, energetic particle transport, and the possible insight for experimental studies are discussed.
Limitation of stochastic rotation dynamics to represent hydrodynamic interaction between colloidal particles
Authors: Shakeri Ali , Lee Kuang-Wu , Pöschel Thorsten
Published: January 2018

Stochastic Rotation Dynamics (SRD) is a valuable numerical tool extensively used in many domains of hydrodynamics simulations including colloidal suspensions. We investigate the dynamics of two colloidal particles in the regime of low Reynolds number by means of SRD in 3D. In contrast to well-known analytical and experimental results, no long-range interaction between the suspended particles could be found, independent of the size of the particles and the Mach and Péclet numbers. We attribute this behavior to the compressible nature and low sound velocity in the SRD solvent. The inability of representing long-range interactions poses an important limitation to the applicability of SRD to certain physical systems. We provide an estimation of typical length scales for which SRD can be applied.
Visualizing period fluctuations in strained-layer superlattices with scanning tunneling microscopy
Authors: Kanedy K. , Lopez F. , Wood M. R. , Gmachl C. F. , Weimer M. , Klem J. F. , Hawkins S. D. , Shaner E. A. , Kim J. K.
Published: January 2018

We show how cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) may be used to accurately map the period fluctuations throughout epitaxial, strained-layer superlattices based on the InAs/InAsSb and InGaAs/InAlAs material systems. The concept, analogous to Bragg's law in high-resolution x-ray diffraction, relies on an analysis of the [001]-convolved reciprocal-space satellite peaks obtained from discrete Fourier transforms of individual STM images. Properly implemented, the technique enables local period measurements that reliably discriminate vertical fluctuations localized to within ∼5 superlattice repeats along the [001] growth direction and orthogonal, lateral fluctuations localized to within ∼40 nm along <110> directions in the growth plane. While not as accurate as x-ray, the inherent, single-image measurement error associated with the method may be made as small as 0.1%, allowing the vertical or lateral period fluctuations contributing to inhomogeneous energy broadening and carrier localization in these structures to be pinpointed and quantified. The direct visualization of unexpectedly large, lateral period fluctuations on nanometer length scales in both strain-balanced systems supports a common understanding in terms of correlated interface roughness.
Broadband acoustic focusing by Airy-like beams based on acoustic metasurfaces
Authors: Chen Di-Chao , Zhu Xing-Feng , Wei Qi , Wu Da-Jian , Liu Xiao-Jun
Published: January 2018

An acoustic metasurface (AM) composed of space-coiling subunits is proposed to generate acoustic Airy-like beams (ALBs) by manipulating the transmitted acoustic phase. The self-accelerating, self-healing, and non-diffracting features of ALBs are demonstrated using finite element simulations. We further employ two symmetrical AMs to realize two symmetrical ALBs, resulting in highly efficient acoustic focusing. At the working frequency, the focal intensity can reach roughly 20 times that of the incident wave. It is found that the highly efficient acoustic focusing can circumvent obstacles in the propagating path and can be maintained in a broad frequency bandwidth. In addition, simply changing the separation between the two AMs can modulate the focal length of the proposed AM lens. ALBs generated by AMs and the corresponding AM lens may benefit applications in medical ultrasound imaging, biomedical therapy, and particle trapping and manipulation.
Highly conductive ultrathin Co films by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering
Authors: Jablonka L. , Riekehr L. , Zhang Z. , Zhang S.-L. , Kubart T.
Published: January 2018

Ultrathin Co films deposited on SiO2 with conductivities exceeding that of Cu are demonstrated. Ionized deposition implemented by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) is shown to result in smooth films with large grains and low resistivities, namely, 14 µΩ cm at a thickness of 40 nm, which is close to the bulk value of Co. Even at a thickness of only 6 nm, a resistivity of 35 µΩ cm is obtained. The improved film quality is attributed to a higher nucleation density in the Co-ion dominated plasma in HiPIMS. In particular, the pulsed nature of the Co flux as well as shallow ion implantation of Co into SiO2 can increase the nucleation density. Adatom diffusion is further enhanced in the ionized process, resulting in a dense microstructure. These results are in contrast to Co deposited by conventional direct current magnetron sputtering where the conductivity is reduced due to smaller grains, voids, rougher interfaces, and Ar incorporation. The resistivity of the HiPIMS films is shown to be in accordance with models by Mayadas-Shatzkes and Sondheimer which consider grain-boundary and surface-scattering.
A sub-sampled approach to extremely low-dose STEM
Authors: Stevens A. , Luzi L. , Yang H. , Kovarik L. , Mehdi B. L. , Liyu A. , Gehm M. E. , Browning N. D.
Published: January 2018

The inpainting of deliberately and randomly sub-sampled images offers a potential means to image specimens at a high resolution and under extremely low-dose conditions (≤1 e−/Å2) using a scanning transmission electron microscope. We show that deliberate sub-sampling acquires images at least an order of magnitude faster than conventional low-dose methods for an equivalent electron dose. More importantly, when adaptive sub-sampling is implemented to acquire the images, there is a significant increase in the resolution and sensitivity which accompanies the increase in imaging speed. We demonstrate the potential of this method for beam sensitive materials and in-situ observations by experimentally imaging the node distribution in a metal-organic framework.
Deciphering hierarchical features in the energy landscape of adenylate kinase folding/unfolding
Authors: Taylor J. Nicholas , Pirchi Menahem , Haran Gilad , Komatsuzaki Tamiki
Published: January 2018

Hierarchical features of the energy landscape of the folding/unfolding behavior of adenylate kinase, including its dependence on denaturant concentration, are elucidated in terms of single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) measurements in which the proteins are encapsulated in a lipid vesicle. The core in constructing the energy landscape from single-molecule time-series across different denaturant concentrations is the application of rate-distortion theory (RDT), which naturally considers the effects of measurement noise and sampling error, in combination with change-point detection and the quantification of the FRET efficiency-dependent photobleaching behavior. Energy landscapes are constructed as a function of observation time scale, revealing multiple partially folded conformations at small time scales that are situated in a superbasin. As the time scale increases, these denatured states merge into a single basin, demonstrating the coarse-graining of the energy landscape as observation time increases. Because the photobleaching time scale is dependent on the conformational state of the protein, possible nonequilibrium features are discussed, and a statistical test for violation of the detailed balance condition is developed based on the state sequences arising from the RDT framework.
Inverse scattering problems where the potential is not absolutely continuous on the known interior subinterval
Authors: Guo Yongxia , Wei Guangsheng
Published: January 2018

The inverse scattering problem for the Schrödinger operators on the line is considered when the potential is real valued and integrable and has a finite first moment. It is shown that the potential on the line is uniquely determined by the left (or right) reflection coefficient alone provided that the potential is known on a finite interval and it is not absolutely continuous almost everywhere on this known interval.
Stability of standing wave for the fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Peng Congming , Shi Qihong
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we study the stability and instability of standing waves for the fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation i∂tu = (−Δ)su − |u|2σu, where (t,x)∈R × RN, 12<s<1, and N ≥ 2. Using a sharp Gagliardo-Nirenberg-type inequality and profile decomposition, we obtain that when 0<σ<2sN, the standing waves are orbitally stable; when σ=2sN, the ground state solitary waves are strongly unstable to blowup.
Rigorous derivation of nonlinear Dirac equations for wave propagation in honeycomb structures
Authors: Arbunich Jack , Sparber Christof
Published: January 2018

We consider a nonlinear Schrödinger equation in two spatial dimensions subject to a periodic honeycomb lattice potential. Using a multi-scale expansion together with rigorous error estimates, we derive an effective model of nonlinear Dirac type. The latter describes the propagation of slowly modulated, weakly nonlinear waves spectrally localized near a Dirac point.
Strategized subsampling minimizes dose in angstrom resolution STEM
Authors: Majors J. H.
Published: January 2018

Scanning transition electron microscopes can reduce specimen dose by an order of magnitude with computational sensing, using a combined hardware and software approach to imaging.
Comparison of Accuracy and Convergence Rate between Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Alchemical Transformations for Calculation of Relative Binding Free Energy
Authors: Li Peng-fei , Jia Xiang-yu , Wang Mei-ting , Mei Ye
Published: January 2018

Estimation of protein-ligand binding affinity within chemical accuracy is one of the grand challenges in structure-based rational drug design. With the efforts over three decades, free energy methods based on equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have become mature and are nowadays routinely applied in the community of computational chemistry. On the contrary, nonequilibrium MD simulation methods have attracted less attention, despite their underlying rigor in mathematics and potential advantage in efficiency. In this work, the equilibrium and nonequilibrium simulation methods are compared in terms of accuracy and convergence rate in the calculations of relative binding free energies. The proteins studied are T4-lysozyme mutant L99A and COX-2. For each protein, two ligands are studied. The results show that the nonequilibrium simulation method can be competitively as accurate as the equilibrium method, and the former is more efficient than the latter by considering the convergence rate with respect to the cost of wall clock time. In addition, Bennett acceptance ratio, which is a bidirectional post-processing method, converges faster than the unidirectional Jarzynski equality for the nonequilibrium simulations.
Understanding Molecular Dynamics with Stochastic Processes via Real or Virtual Dynamics
Authors: Li De-zhang , Chen Zi-fei , Zhang Zhi-jun , Liu Jian
Published: January 2018

Molecular dynamics with the stochastic process provides a convenient way to compute structural and thermodynamic properties of chemical, biological, and materials systems. It is demonstrated that the virtual dynamics case that we proposed for the Langevin equation [J. Chem. Phys. 147, 184104 (2017)] in principle exists in other types of stochastic thermostats as well. The recommended “middle” scheme [J. Chem. Phys. 147, 034109 (2017)] of the Andersen thermostat is investigated as an example. As shown by both analytic and numerical results, while the real and virtual dynamics cases approach the same plateau of the characteristic correlation time in the high collision frequency limit, the accuracy and efficiency of sampling are relatively insensitive to the value of the collision frequency in a broad range. After we compare the behaviors of the Andersen thermostat to those of Langevin dynamics, a heuristic schematic representation is proposed for understanding efficient stochastic thermostatting processes with molecular dynamics.
Intrinsic capacity for nutrient foraging predicts critical external phosphorus requirement of 12 pasture legumes
Authors: Sandral Graeme A. , Haling Rebecca E. , Ryan Megan H. , Price Andrew , Pitt Wayne M. , Hildebrand Shane M. , Fuller Christopher G. , Kidd Daniel R. , Stefanksi Adam , Lambers Hans , Simpson Richard J.
Published: January 2018

The mainstream pasture legume species such as Trifolium subterraneum, T. repens and annual Medicago spp. used in the temperate pasture systems of southern Australia have high critical external requirements for phosphorus (P) (i.e. P required to achieve 90% of maximum yield). This work aimed to identify alternative pasture legume species that could be used in systems with lower P input. Shoot and root biomass of 12 species of pasture legume was measured in response to seven rates of P applied to the top 48 mm of soil in a pot experiment. Most species had maximum yields similar to T. subterraneum, but some required only one-third of the applied P to achieve this. The critical external P requirement of the species, ranked from lowest to highest, was as follows: Ornithopus compressus = O. sativus < Biserrula pelecinus < T. michelianum = T. vesiculosum = T. glanduliferum < T. hirtum = Medicago truncatula = T. purpureum = T. incarnatum < T. spumosum = T. subterraneum. An ability to maximise soil exploration through a combination of high root-length density, high specific root length and long root hairs (i.e. a large specific root-hair-cylinder volume) was associated with a low critical external P requirement. The results indicate that Ornithopus spp. could be used to achieve productive, low P-input pasture systems.
A prion-like domain in Hsp42 drives chaperone-facilitated aggregation of misfolded proteins
Authors: Grousl Tomas , Ungelenk Sophia , Miller Stephanie , Ho Chi-Ting , Khokhrina Maria , Mayer Matthias P. , Bukau Bernd , Mogk Axel
Published: January 2018

Chaperones with aggregase activity promote and organize the aggregation of misfolded proteins and their deposition at specific intracellular sites. This activity represents a novel cytoprotective strategy of protein quality control systems; however, little is known about its mechanism. In yeast, the small heat shock protein Hsp42 orchestrates the stress-induced sequestration of misfolded proteins into cytosolic aggregates (CytoQ). In this study, we show that Hsp42 harbors a prion-like domain (PrLD) and a canonical intrinsically disordered domain (IDD) that act coordinately to promote and control protein aggregation. Hsp42 PrLD is essential for CytoQ formation and is bifunctional, mediating self-association as well as binding to misfolded proteins. Hsp42 IDD confines chaperone and aggregase activity and affects CytoQ numbers and stability in vivo. Hsp42 PrLD and IDD are both crucial for cellular fitness during heat stress, demonstrating the need for sequestering misfolded proteins in a regulated manner.
GPR56/ADGRG1 regulates development and maintenance of peripheral myelin
Authors: Ackerman Sarah D. , Luo Rong , Poitelon Yannick , Mogha Amit , Harty Breanne L. , D’Rozario Mitchell , Sanchez Nicholas E. , Lakkaraju Asvin K.K. , Gamble Paul , Li Jun , Qu Jun , MacEwan Matthew R. , Ray Wilson Zachary , Aguzzi Adriano , Feltri M. Laura , Piao Xianhua , Monk Kelly R.
Published: January 2018

Myelin is a multilamellar sheath generated by specialized glia called Schwann cells (SCs) in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which serves to protect and insulate axons for rapid neuronal signaling. In zebrafish and rodent models, we identify GPR56/ADGRG1 as a conserved regulator of PNS development and health. We demonstrate that, during SC development, GPR56-dependent RhoA signaling promotes timely radial sorting of axons. In the mature PNS, GPR56 is localized to distinct SC cytoplasmic domains, is required to establish proper myelin thickness, and facilitates organization of the myelin sheath. Furthermore, we define plectin—a scaffolding protein previously linked to SC domain organization, myelin maintenance, and a series of disorders termed “plectinopathies”—as a novel interacting partner of GPR56. Finally, we show that Gpr56 mutants develop progressive neuropathy-like symptoms, suggesting an underlying mechanism for peripheral defects in some human patients with GPR56 mutations. In sum, we define Gpr56 as a new regulator in the development and maintenance of peripheral myelin.
A note on Anosov flows of non-compact Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Knieper Gerhard
Published: January 2018

In this note we formulate a condition for complete non-compact Riemannian manifolds, which implies no conjugate points in case that the geodesic flow is Anosov with respect to the Sasaki metric.
On the 𝐿ᵣ-operators penalized by (𝑟+1)-mean curvature
Authors: Souza Leo
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we establish the non-positivity of the second eigenvalue of the Schrödinger operator

−

div

(

P
r

∇
⋅

)

−

W
r
2

-\textrm {div}\big ( P_r \nabla \cdot \big ) - W_r^2

on a closed hypersurface

Σ
n

\Sigma ^n

of

R

n
+
1

\mathbb {R}^{n+1}

, where

W
r

W_r

is a power of the

(
r
+
1
)

(r+1)

-th mean curvature of

Σ
n

\Sigma ^n

, which we will ask to be positive. If this eigenvalue is null, we will have a characterization of the sphere. This theorem generalizes the result of Harrell and Loss proved to the Laplace-Beltrame operator penalized by the square of the mean curvature.
Generating positive geometric entropy from recurrent leaves
Authors: Ponce Gabriel
Published: January 2018

In this paper we introduce a

C
r

C^r

–perturbation procedure, with respect to the

C
r

C^r

–Epstein topology, for

C
r

C^r

–foliations by surfaces. Using this perturbation procedure we show how one can use the existence of recurrent leaves of a certain

C
r

C^r

–foliation

F

\mathcal F

to obtain a foliation

G

\mathcal G

,

C
r

C^r

–close to

F

\mathcal F

in the

C
r

C^r

–Epstein topology, which has a resilient leaf. In particular, one can take advantage of the recurrence property to construct examples of

C
r

C^r

–foliations,

C
r

C^r

–close to each other and such that one of them has a resilient leaf while the other is Riemannian (therefore has trivial dynamics).
Renewal sequences and record chains related to multiple zeta sums
Authors: Duchamps Jean-Jil , Pitman Jim , Tang Wenpin
Published: January 2018

For the random interval partition of

[
0
,
1
]

[0,1]

generated by the uniform stick-breaking scheme known as GEM

(
1
)

(1)

, let

u
k

u_k

be the probability that the first

k
k

intervals created by the stick-breaking scheme are also the first

k
k

intervals to be discovered in a process of uniform random sampling of points from

[
0
,
1
]

[0,1]

. Then

u
k

u_k

is a renewal sequence. We prove that

u
k

u_k

is a rational linear combination of the real numbers

1
,
ζ
(
2
)
,
…
,
ζ
(
k
)

1, \zeta (2), \ldots , \zeta (k)

where

ζ
\zeta

is the Riemann zeta function, and show that

u
k

u_k

has the limit

1

/

3

1/3

as

k
→
∞

k \rightarrow \infty

. Related results provide probabilistic interpretations of some multiple zeta values in terms of a Markov chain derived from the interval partition. This Markov chain has the structure of a weak record chain. Similar results are given for the GEM

(
θ
)

(\theta )

model, with beta

(
1
,
θ
)

(1,\theta )

instead of uniform stick-breaking factors, and for another more algebraic derivation of renewal sequences from the Riemann zeta function.
Drawing Boundaries: The Difficulty in Defining Clinical Reasoning
Authors: Young Meredith , Thomas Aliki , Lubarsky Stuart , Ballard Tiffany , Gordon David , Gruppen Larry D. , Holmboe Eric , Ratcliffe Temple , Rencic Joseph , Schuwirth Lambert , Durning Steven J.
Published: January 2018

Clinical reasoning is an essential component of a health professional’s practice. Yet clinical reasoning research has produced a notably fragmented body of literature. In this article, the authors describe the pause-and-reflect exercise they undertook during the execution of a synthesis of the literature on clinical reasoning in the health professions. Confronted with the challenge of establishing a shared understanding of the nature and relevant components of clinical reasoning, members of the review team paused to independently generate their own personal definitions and conceptualizations of the construct. Here, the authors describe the variability of definitions and conceptualizations of clinical reasoning present within their own team. Drawing on an analogy from mathematics, they hypothesize that the presence of differing “boundary conditions” could help explain individuals’ differing conceptualizations of clinical reasoning and the fragmentation at play in the wider sphere of research on clinical reasoning. Specifically, boundary conditions refer to the practice of describing the conditions under which a given theory is expected to hold, or expected to have explanatory power. Given multiple theoretical frameworks, research methodologies, and assessment approaches contained within the clinical reasoning literature, different boundary conditions are likely at play. Open acknowledgment of different boundary conditions and explicit description of the conceptualization of clinical reasoning being adopted within a given study would improve research communication, support comprehensive approaches to teaching and assessing clinical reasoning, and perhaps encourage new collaborative partnerships among researchers who adopt different boundary conditions.