bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do the early galaxies observed by JWST disagree with Planck's CMB polarization measurements?
Authors: Forconi Matteo , Ruchika  , Melchiorri Alessandro , Mena Olga , Menci Nicola
Published: October 2023

The recent observations from the James Webb Space Telescope have led to a surprising discovery of a significant density of massive galaxies with masses of M ≥ 1010.5
M
⊙ at redshifts of approximately z ∼ 10. This corresponds to a stellar mass density of roughly ρ
* ∼ 106
M
⊙ Mpc-3. Despite making conservative assumptions regarding galaxy formation, this finding may not be compatible with the standard ΛCDM cosmology that is favored by observations of CMB Anisotropies from the Planck satellite. In this paper, we confirm the substantial discrepancy with Planck's results within the ΛCDM framework. Assuming a value of ϵ = 0.2 for the efficiency of converting baryons into stars, we indeed find that the ΛCDM model is excluded at more than 99.7 % confidence level (C.L.). An even more significant exclusion is found for ϵ ∼ 0.1, while a better agreement, but still in tension at more than 95 %, is obtained for ϵ = 0.32.
This tension, as already discussed in the literature, could arise either from systematics in the JWST measurements or from new physics. Here, as a last-ditch effort, we point out that disregarding the large angular scale polarization obtained by Planck, which allows for significantly larger values of the matter clustering parameter σ
8, could lead to better agreement between Planck and JWST within the ΛCDM framework. Assuming ΛCDM and no systematics in the current JWST results, this implies either an unknown systematic error in current large angular scale CMB polarization measurements or an unidentified physical mechanism that could lower the expected amount of CMB polarization produced during the epoch of reionization. Interestingly, the model compatible with Planck temperature-only data and JWST observation also favors a higher Hubble constant H
0 = 69.0±1.1 km/s/Mpc at 68% C.L., in better agreement with observations based on SN-Ia luminosity distances.
Optimized clustering sample selection for spectral reflectance recovery
Authors: Wu Guangyuan , Niu Shijun , Xiong Yifan
Published: October 2023

The accuracy of spectral recovery depends heavily on the selection of an appropriate sample set, so the optimized sample selection by clustering strategy can improve the spectral recovery results. This paper presents a sample optimization method that combines hierarchical clustering and K-mean angle similar clustering to achieve this process. The proposed method employs the hierarchical clustering to divide the training sample dataset into 15 subspaces and obtain 15 subspace centroids. The similarity distance is then calculated between the testing sample and each subspace samples, and the subspace with the sample having the smallest distance is selected. The testing sample is utilized as a priori centroid, which clusters the optimal subspace by competition with the centroid of the subspace selected. This iterative process continues until the centroid of the subspace remains unaltered. Finally, the training samples within the optimal subspace use to recover spectral reflectance through Euclidean distance weighting. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing methods in terms of spectral and colorimetric accuracy, as well as stability and robustness. This research provides a solution to the problem of data redundancy in the spectral recovery process and enhances the accuracy and efficiency of spectral recovery.
C + L band ultra-widely tunable SOA hybrid fiber laser based on acousto-optic add-drop filter induced by polarization conversion
Authors: Qiu Feng , Bai Yongzhong , Qu Dingrong , Zhang Yanling , Han Lei , Shan Guangbin
Published: October 2023

Scientific and industrial applications have put forward new requirements for the wavelength tuning range of continuous-wave lasers. Herein, the constructed filter based on the acoustically-induced polarization conversion in single-mode fiber (SMF) covers the wavelength from 1464.2–1640.8 nm, and the tuning range is about ∼176.6 nm. The lasing wavelength is managed by the acousto-optical interaction in the SMF. Moreover, the gain spectrum of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is flat and wide, which can achieve a wide range of laser tuning. Hence, we propose and demonstrate an ultra-widely tuning range ring cavity C + L tunable SOA hybrid fiber laser. Eventually, the tuning channel of the fiber laser is from 1527.3–1613 nm with the tuning range of about ∼85.7 nm, and its tuning range is determined by the gain bandwidth of SOA. The measured output power and center wavelength variations of the proposed fiber laser over a long-term observation are less than 0.11 mW and 0.44 nm, respectively. This work opens up a new way to expand the tuning range of other types of lasers.
Plasmoid-mediated reconnection during nonlinear peeling–ballooning edge-localized modes
Authors: Ebrahimi Fatima , Bhattacharjee Amitava
Published: October 2023

Plasmoid-mediated reconnection is investigated for nonlinear peeling–ballooning edge-localized modes (P-B ELMs). The formation of current sheets and the transition to 3D current sheet instability is demonstrated through fully nonlinear resistive MHD simulations of P-B ELMs in DIII-D discharges. Large-scale axisymmetric current sheets, as well as small-scale poloidally extended current sheets, are formed as the coherent P-B ELM filaments nonlinearly evolve. It is observed that, at high Lundquist numbers, these current sheets break during a reconnection burst, i.e. a secondary exponential growth of intermediate modes followed by relaxation due to the suppression of P-B drive.
A Compact Penta Band Notched UWB Antenna Using Modified U-Slots and EBG Structures
Authors: Lakshmi S. Navya Vijaya , Rani A. Jhansi , Saritha V.
Published: October 2023

The proposed compact Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) antenna is having the ability to reject five bands operating in UWB and it is having a rectangular monopole antenna. To achieve the required Penta band notch characteristics and the multi operational bands, two square shaped mushroom type EBG’s are placed in the vicinity of the feedline and three modified U-Shaped Slots are etched on the radiating surface. The two-mushroom type EBG’s are responsible for attaining two notch bands at 3.5 GHz (3.38-3.6 GHz, Wi-MAX), 5.0 GHz (4.85-5.18GHz, lower WLAN) and modified U-Shaped slots are responsible for attaining three notch bands at 2.5 GHz (2.3-2.67 GHz, ISM band), 3.0 GHz (2.8-3.08 GHz, Radar surveillance band), 4.0 GHz (3.88-4.1 GHz, C-band satellite downlink). The step wise implementation of the Penta notch band UWB antenna along with the relative analysis is discussed. The results show that the proposed antenna is a very good one for UWB applications which requires multi operational bands with selective band rejections.
Analysis of Ionosphere Day to Day Variability using Parametric Methods on GPS TEC
Authors: Kiran S S , Revathi R. , Ramesh K. S.
Published: October 2023

The development of global positioning systems (GPS) has cleared the way for a better understanding of the globe and the systems surrounding the earth. The GPS signals that are sent out and received by GPS receivers are affected by severe space weather (in the ionosphere) as well as atmospheric weather and lithospheric disturbances. These disturbances not only result in inaccuracies in GPS location but also make it difficult to make the necessary corrections to those faults. The study of these perturbations is helpful in gaining an understanding of the phenomenal changes that occur in the ionosphere as a result of the Sun and its solar effects, which include solar flares, sunspot numbers, solar winds, geomagnetic fields, and natural disasters such as earthquakes and thunderstorms, among other things. In this study, an effort is made to highlight the distinctions between geomagnetic calm days and disturbed days that occurred in January 2022. The research is carried out by using parametric approaches to the GPS vertical total electron content (VTEC) at Hyderabad (17.4°N, 78.5°E), which is a station with a low height. An examination of the power spectral densities (PSDs) of both the tranquil and the disturbed conditions is carried out. The improvement in VTEC data was noted on two days in January 2022 that had low geomagnetic activity; these days were the 6th and 13th. On the sixth of January 2022, enhancements can be seen at the normalised frequencies of 0.4966 and 0.7683, with a power spectral density (PSD) of -10.14dB and -12.94dB, respectively. On the thirteenth of January 2022, enhancements can be seen at the normalised frequencies of 0.5005 and 0.956, with PSDs of -9.264dB and -8.392dB. When compared to the preceding records, it can be seen very clearly that the PSDs of both geomagnetically tranquil and disturbed days are rather comparable to one another.
Performance study of wide tuning range and low phase noise differential ring voltage control oscillators (DRVCO) for wireless communications
Authors: Venkata Nandini V , Suman Shruti
Published: October 2023

This article mostly emphasize on the study and characterization of CMOS differential ring voltage control oscillator (DRVCO). There are numerous DRVCO with various kinds of delay cells which are associated with the parameters like oscillation frequency, wide tuning range, power utilization & area for the applications like wireless and communications systems. These results shows less phase noise and extensive tuning range can be accomplished by the dual control voltages across the delay stages. This article helps the designers to choose the suitable DVCRO for their definite applications.
Seasonal Characteristics of Phase Scintillation Observed at UKM Station in Malaysia
Authors: Seif Aramesh , Panda Sampad Kumar
Published: October 2023

We present a statistical comparison of the seasonal occurrence of ionospheric phase scintillation in the GPS signals at an equatorial region in Malaysia using the ground-based ionospheric monitoring GPS receiver and space-based radio occultation (RO) measurements. The observations were recorded at UKM (2.55°N, 101.461°E) in Malaysia during 2010 using GPS based scintillation and TEC Monitoring setup (GISTM). The space-based measurements were recorded by the FORMOSAT_3/COSMIC (F_3/C) satellites in 2010. The GPS limb-viewing radio occultation technique is an innovative technique that provides ideal geometry to observe vertical ionospheric structures to detect Equatorial Plasma bubbles (EPBs) and Sporadic E layers (Es). Radio waves throughout the irregular equatorial ionosphere are studied to characterize phase scintillations at the L1 frequency in different seasons. Seasonal characteristics of the GPS phase scintillation show it mainly occurs in the equinox months, particularly during March. The results show similar values as the Radio Occultation (RO) observations over UKM station, which demonstrates that March equinox has the maximum occurrence of scintillations with the appearance of EPBs and during June corresponding to the appearance of the Es layer in the ionosphere. We found seasonal characteristics of phase scintillations obtained from the Ground-based station are consistent with seasonal characteristics of amplitude scintillation that occurred from the space-based measurements. Nevertheless, F3/C RO provided an opportunity for concurrent sounding of EPBs and Es characteristic structures across the globe, unlike other traditional ground-based measurements.
Integration Framework Solution for Healthcare Monitoring
Authors: Usharani Shola , Rajakumaran Gayathri , Nandam Anjana Devi , Ibrahim Mohamed
Published: October 2023

Huge volumes of data have flowed in recent years of healthcare research to follow a few factors of a person and inform the guardian in the event of a patient’s emergency. This necessitates the creation of a single platform where consumers may monitor data in real time. This study discusses an interoperable health monitoring system. The module provides the essential chance for patients to obtain all-day service, which may be documented by the doctor and can be notified in the event of an emergency. When a patient requires regular check-ups or long-term home care, this platform comes in handy. It may be accomplished utilizing market sensors and includes monitoring devices that allow patients to be monitored without having to visit a doctor. Because it eliminates the need for data transcription and copying by humans. Because it reduces the need for human data transcription and copying, interoperability helps make patient data more secure. When computer systems are set up for optimum interoperability, with databases and other applications communicating and exchanging information, employees will be more productive. XMPP is an integrating platform for IoT available in open source for uploading instant messaging using generic XML data processing. The XMPP protocols are free and there are several implementations in the form of clients, servers, server components, and code libraries. The work is demonstrated using the XMPP interoperable IoT communication protocol for the health monitoring system..
Performance Study of TENG for Energy Harvesting Application
Authors: Sunithamani S , Arunmetha S. , Poojitha B , Niveditha A , Ankitha B , Lakshmi P
Published: October 2023

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) use the concepts of contacting electrification and electrostatic production from mechanical energy to electrical energy. The premise behind energy harvesting technology is that devices may collect energy from their environment in real-time and utilize it right away, requiring only temporary storage. Compared design strategies for efficient energy harvesting systems in all modes in terms of implementation and experimental results in this work. Air, copper, Nylon, and iron are triboelectric materials used to demonstrate TENG modes’ charging behavior. Examines the performance study of TENG for energy harvesting applications. This technology can be used in Internet of Things (IoT) applications, manufacturing, precision agriculture, and human monitoring for healthcare applications on a smaller scale when significant networking of sensors and actuators is required, and tight and essential energy supply needs exist.
Design of non-contact hand spray for smart sanitization using IoT
Authors: Swathi K. Siva , Vijayalakshmi N. , Prasanna J Lakshmi , Kumar M Ravi , Aswin Kumer S V , Santhosh Chella
Published: October 2023

The most recent experience had taught us the importance of hygiene and health care. World had come across the tragic duration of lockdown due to the infectious disease named covid-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. We had faced period of self-isolation for months avoiding the social contact to reduce the rapid spread of disease. That situation had brought tremendous change in people’s life. This pandemic affected each us in various ways. There were many diseases like cholera, plaque, centuries ago showed the world similar effect like covid-19. So, there should be some preventative measures needed to be taken before there could be a chance to takeaway people lives. Our project is a small step towards the self-care, health of people and prevent the Spreading of viral infections, which we accomplished by one of the preventative methods - “Sanitization”. This is one the measure that can be implemented during pandemic periods (example - Corona Virus). This helps to reduce the transmission of virus to some extent and prevents people from being affected.
Exploring storm petrel pattering and sea-anchoring using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Xue Jiaqi , Han Fei , Klaassen van Oorschot Brett , Clifton Glenna , Fan Dixia
Published: October 2023

Developing hybrid aerial-aquatic vehicles that can interact with water surfaces while remaining aloft is valuable for various tasks, including ecological monitoring, water quality sampling, and search and rescue operations. Storm petrels are a group of pelagic seabirds that exhibit a unique locomotion pattern known as ‘pattering’ or ‘sea-anchoring,’ which is hypothesized to support forward locomotion and/or stationary posture at the water surface. In this study, we use morphological measurements of three storm petrel species and aero/hydrodynamic models to develop a computational storm petrel model and interact it with a hybrid fluid environment. Using deep reinforcement learning algorithms, we find that the storm petrel model exhibits high maneuverability and stability under a wide range of constant wind velocities after training. We also verify in the simulation that the storm petrel can use its ‘pattering’ or ‘sea-anchoring’ behavior to achieve different biomechanical sub-tasks (e.g. weight support, forward locomotion, stabilization) and adapt it under different wind speeds and optimization objectives. Specifically, we observe an adjustment in storm petrel’s movement patterns as wind velocity increases and quantitively analyze its biomechanics underneath. Our results provide new insights into how storm petrels achieve efficient locomotion and dynamic stability at the air–water interface and adapt their behaviors to different wind velocities and tasks in open environments. Ultimately, our study will guide the design of next-generation biomimetic petrel-inspired robots for tasks requiring proximity to the water interface and efficiency.
Rainfall and topographic position determine tree embolism resistance in Amazônia and Cerrado sites
Authors: Mattos Caio R C , Mazzochini Guilherme G , Rius Bianca F , Penha Deliane , Giacomin Leandro L , Flores Bernardo M , Silva Mateus C , Xavier Rafael O , Nehemy Magali F , Petroni Amanda R , Silva Julliene S G M , Schlickmann Monique B , Rocha Mayda , Rodrigues Gleicy , Costa Soliane S , Barros Fernanda V , Tavares Julia V , Furtado Mariana N , Verona Larissa S , Oliveira-Alves Maria J , Oliveira Rafael S , Fan Ying , Hirota Marina
Published: October 2023

Droughts are predicted to increase in both frequency and intensity by the end of the 21st century, but ecosystem response is not expected to be uniform across landscapes. Here we assess the importance of the hill-to-valley hydrologic gradient in shaping vegetation embolism resistance under different rainfall regimes using hydraulic functional traits. We demonstrate that rainfall and hydrology modulate together the embolism resistance of tree species in different sites and topographic positions. Although buffered by stable access to groundwater, valley plants are intrinsically more vulnerable to drought-induced embolism than those on hills. In all study sites, the variability in resistance to embolism is higher on hills than on valleys, suggesting that the diversity of strategies to cope with drought is more important for tree communities on hills. When comparing our results with previously published data across the tropics, we show greater variability at the local scale than previously reported. Our results reinforce the urgent need to extend sampling efforts across rainfall regimes and topographic positions to improve the characterization of ecosystem resistance to drought at finer spatial scales.
A frequency-optimised temperature record for the Holocene
Authors: Essell Helen , Krusic Paul J , Esper Jan , Wagner Sebastian , Braconnot Pascale , Jungclaus Johann , Muschitiello Francesco , Oppenheimer Clive , Büntgen Ulf
Published: October 2023

Existing global mean surface temperature reconstructions for the Holocene lack high-frequency variability that is essential for contextualising recent trends and extremes in the Earth’s climate system. Here, we isolate and recombine archive-specific climate signals to generate a frequency-optimised record of interannual to multi-millennial temperature changes for the past 12 000 years. Average temperatures before ∼8000 years BP and after ∼4000 years BP were 0.26 (±2.84) °C and 0.07 (±2.11) °C cooler than the long-term mean (0–12 000 years BP), while the Holocene Climate Optimum ∼7000–4000 years BP was 0.40 (±1.86) °C warmer. Biased towards Northern Hemisphere summer temperatures, our multi-proxy record captures the spectral properties of transient Earth system model simulations for the same spatial and season domain. The new frequency-optimised trajectory emphasises the importance and complex interplay of natural climate forcing factors throughout the Holocene, with an approximation of the full range of past temperature changes providing novel insights for policymakers addressing the risks of recent anthropogenic warming.
Association of Amorphophallus gigas on rubber land cover in the Sabungan Village, South Labuhanbatu, North Sumatra
Authors: Rambey R , Rahmawaty  , Rauf A , Nababan E S M
Published: October 2023

A. gigas is one of the tallest flowers in the world. A. gigas is an understorey that belongs to the Araceae family. This research was conducted on rubber land cover in the Sabungan Village, North Sumatra. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association of A. gigas with other plants around it. This research method was carried out by analysis of vegetation with a plot size of 1 ha (25 plots). The results showed that at the understorey level based on the ochiai association index of amorphophallus with understorey only one species had a very high association, namely Selaginella wildenowii, while the value of Ochiai at other understorey levels was feasible and low. At the seedling level, the association of amorphophallus with plant species at the seedling level was categorized as low and medium. The association of amorphophallus at the sapling level with very high values is the species Macaranga indica. The association of A. gigas at the pole level was Hevea brasiliensis with a very high category, the high category of one species was Macaranga indica. Association of A. gigas at the tree level with a very high category, namely Hevea brasiliensis.
Liquid fertilizer formulation is based on cow urine and its concentration for maize in Indonesia
Authors: Pujiharti Y , Salma S , Barus J , Meithasari D , Sarno
Published: October 2023

This study aims to obtain liquid organic fertilizer (bio-urine) according to the Agriculture Ministry Regulation 70/2011 and determine the bio-urine concentration for maize. The research conducted was on Pesawaran Regency, in Lampung Province, Indonesia, from April 2017 to February 2018. The treatments tested were types four bio-activators and four enrichment materials. The design used was randomized blocks design in a split-plot pattern and three replications. The material above was fermented for four weeks anaerobically and analyzed in the laboratory. The value of the analysis compared with the standard and that close met the requirements, then produced in sufficient quantities for use in field research. The results showed that the bio-urine formulations tested did not meet the technical requirement yet, especially N, P, and K, so research needs to continue. Bio-urine with C content close to the standard is fermented cow urine with bio-activator Agrodeko and added molasse and pineapple enrichment materials. For pH and harmful microbes, these formulas have met the requirements. Apart from that, bio-urine also contains growth hormones of Indole acetic acid and Gibberellin acid. The concentration of bio-urine has no significant effect on the growth and yield of maize. It needs further research with narrow interval concentrations.
Components of genetic of coffee leaf rust symptoms in genotypes of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.)
Authors: Malau S , Sihotang M R
Published: October 2023

Coffee is a source of income for 100 thousand coffee farmers (households) in the province of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Rust on leaf of coffee (RLC) caused huge loss in income and jobs in coffee producing countries recently. This study was aimed to study genetic components of RLC in genotypes of coffee of Arabica. This research was carried out on the garden of the Agriculture Faculty of Universitas HKBP Nommensen, Medan, Indonesia. Seven genotypes were tested for its resistance. Randomized complete blocks design was used. The result revealed that Genotype P5 from Dairi district and P7 from Toba Samosir district had moderate and high resistance against RLC, respectively. Genotypic variation, advance of genetic and coefficient of heritability in severity of rust on leaf (SRL) were high. RLC parameter were not correlated one another. Based on the high resistance of P7, genotypes performing high resistance could be found among Arabica coffee populations in North Sumatra province.
Distribution and association pattern of Keruing (Dipterocarpus sp.) in Tangkahan, Gunung Leuser National Park
Authors: Susilowati A , Elfiati D , Hidayat A , Rangkuti S A , Ginting I M , Rachmat H H , Larekeng S H , Sucipto T , Iswanto A H
Published: October 2023

Keruing (Dipterocarpus sp.) is a commercially important timber and oil-producing species. Keruing’s wood is of high quality, and its oil is widely used for medicinal purposes. Because of the high price and demand for wood and oil, keruing has become a target for exploitation and causing the population to decrease. Understanding of the keruing population in natural habitats is important for conservation efforts, one of which is in the Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP) area. The purpose of this study was to analyze the distribution patterns and associations of keruing in the Tangkahan area of GLNP. These are accomplished through the use of a vegetation analysis method with purposefully defined paths based on the presence of keruing. The Ochiai index (Oi), Dice index (Di), and Jackard index (Ji) were calculated for data analysis, while the Morisita index was used to determine the shape of the distribution pattern. The research reveals three keruing species, namely Dipterocarpus haseltii, Dipterocarpus constulatus, and Dipterocarpus elongataus Korth. The keruing distribution showed different patterns at different growth stages. At the seedling and tree stage, the distribution pattern was clustered, while at the sapling and pole stage were uniform. The three keruing species has weak associations with various surrounding species. The species that has the highest association value is Syzygium fastigiatum, which is 0.22.
Potassium and phosphorus availability due to fertilization of potassium and organic matter for rice in rainfed rice fields
Authors: Chairuman N , Rosmayati  , Hanum H , Jamil A
Published: October 2023

Serdang Village, Beringin District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, was chosen as the research location held in May-August 2016. This study aims to determine the relationship between potassium and phosphorus availability, nutrient absorption, and grain yield in rainfed rice fields due to planting time, fertilization, and rice varieties. A split-split plot design with two replications was used in the study. The main plot (a planting time): T1: the 10th day of May; T2: the 20th day of May; and T3: the 30th day of May. Subplot (fertilization): K0: control; K1: 50 kg ha−1 KCl; K2: 5 tons ha−1 straw compost; K3: 2.5 tons ha−1 manure + 2.5 tons ha−1 straw compost; K4: 5 tons ha−1 straw compost + 50 kg ha−1 KCl; and K5: 2.5 tons ha−1 manure + 2.5 tons ha−1 straw compost + 50 kg ha−1 KCl. Sub-subplot (rice varieties): V1: Situ Bagendit; V2: Towuti; V3: Batutegi; V4: Inpago-8; V5: Inpago 9; V6: Inpago 10; V7: Ciherang; and V8: Inpari 10. The data were analyzed using regression and correlation tests. Available potassium and phosphorus, and potassium and phosphorus uptake, were positively correlated with grain yields in all rice varieties grown in rainfed rice fields.
Enhanced production of pruned okra plant (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) by applying IAA and Urea fertilizer
Authors: Meiriani  , Lahay R R , Sutra M R
Published: October 2023

Okra is a vegetable that has a lot of antioxidants. Increasing production of okra crops can be done by improving cultivation techniques. One alternative that can be done is shoots pruning with the aim to increase the growth of more shoots and branches. For more growth lateral shoots needed addition plant growth regulator such as IAA and sufficient nutrient availability, especially nitrogen. This research was conducted to study increasing growth and production of pruned okra plants by applying IAA and urea fertilizer, carried out on Medan Selayang District, Medan from July to October 2021, using a Randomized Block Design with 2 factors, the first factor is IAA (0, 90, 120 and 150 mg/L), the second factor is urea fertilizer (200, 250 and 300 kg/ha). Giving IAA up to 58 mg/L concentration, significantly decreased number of leaves, number of fruits and total fruit weight per plant. The best of leaves number, fruits number and total fruit weight per plant was obtained by application 150 mg/L IAA. Giving urea fertilizer 300 kg/ha significantly increase number of fruits and total fruit weight per plant.
Characteristic of Mahogany leaves as biochar and its effect with Urea fertilization on nitrogen status and growth of corn in Ultisol
Authors: Putri U M , Sarifuddin  , Bintang
Published: October 2023

This research aims to know the characteristics of mahogany leaves as Biochar and its effect with urea fertilization on N status and growth of Corn (Zea mays L.) in Ultisol. Mahogany Leaves Biochar (MLB) was made using retort pyrolysis method at 409 °C for 3 hours. This research was carried out in a greenhouse used Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) by 2 factors and 3 repetitions. Factor I, MLB: B0 (without MLB) and B1 (40 tons MLB/ha) and Factor II, doses of urea: N1 = 100, N2 = 200, N3 = 300 and N4 = 400 kg urea/ha. The results showed MLB has parameters that significantly influenced N uptake, N uptake efficiency, plant height, stem diameter, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight. Urea fertilization had a significant effect on the efficiency of N uptake and the interaction of MLB and Urea had a significant effect on the efficiency of N uptake.
The effect of calcium chloride and sodium benzoate on CPO quality of oil palm fruit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) as a source of food and biofuels
Authors: Handayani R S , Bachri N , Rusydi R , Nazaruddin M , Monalisa
Published: October 2023

Palm oil yields are often of low quality and quantity. Production quality improvement can be done by preventing damaged or defective products, for example by spraying a solution of calcium chloride and sodium benzoate. This research aimed to determine the effect of calcium chloride and sodium benzoate on the quality of crude palm oil. The research was done at the Fundamentals of Agricultural Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Malikussaleh University, North Aceh Regency. The research was started from September to November 2021. The experimental design used was Factorial Completely Randomized Design. The first factor was Calcium Chloride (C) concentration, 0, 3000, and 4000 ppm. The second factors were Sodium Benzoate (N) concentration, 0, 3000, and 4000 ppm. The results showed that giving a concentration of 3000 ppm sodium benzoate spray was able to reduce the weight loss value of loose fruit and free fatty acids, as well as increase the yield of CPO. There was a very strong relationship between the value of the moisture of the fruit and the level of impurities on the yield produced. For best results it is recommended to use sodium chloride 3000 ppm.
Isolation of partial β-tubulin gene from Balakka (Phyllanthus emblica L.)
Authors: Hannum S , Pahlevi S , Nurwahyuni I , Rahayu S , Hartanto A
Published: October 2023

Balakka is a medicinal plant with the ability to thrive in arid environments. Despite its potential, Balakka has not been fully utilized in Indonesia due to a lack of information about the plant, including the β-tubulin gene. The β-tubulin gene is a crucial gene in living organisms, frequently used as an internal control or as one of the housekeeping genes that maintain stable expression throughout development. The objective of this study was to isolate and determine the sequence of the β-tubulin gene in Balakka (Phyllanthus emblica L.). Total RNA was extracted from Balakka and converted into cDNA, which was then amplified using β-tubulinG primers. The amplification resulted in a fragment of 252 bp. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a 92% nucleotide similarity with the β-tubulin gene 5 of Ricinus communis, and the fragment was referred to as the partial β-tubulin gene from Phyllanthus emblica (PeTUB). A phylogenetic relationship analysis based on the nucleotide sequence indicated that the partial PeTUB gene grouped with β-tubulin gene 5 from other plants in GenBank, with a genetic distance of 0.082.
Performance of qualitative characters of head and grain of local gogo rice from Padang Lawas
Authors: Wahyuni H , Alfi R , Lubis N E
Published: October 2023

The performance of plant qualitative characters is a very important early stage in plant breeding programs that are influenced by simple genes. This is the basis for selecting parent sources in the assembly program for new high-yielding varieties. This research was conducted in August 2022 without a design (plant per row). The results showed that there were 6 individuals with green stems and 1 individual with yellowish green color. Based on the color character of the base of the stem, 5 individuals were found to be green, 1 individual was green with purple stripes and 1 individual was purple. In the leaf color character, there were 3 green individuals, 3 dark green individuals and 1 light green individual. There are 5 white individuals and 2 red individuals based on the character of the color of the rice. If based on the character of grain color there are 6 individuals with yellow color and 1 individual with brownish yellow color and if based on the character of the presence of grain tails there are 6 individuals who do not have grain tails and 1 individual has grain tails.
Combination of inorganic and bio-organic fertilizer on growth and production of Paddy Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Hapsoh  , Dini I R , Wawan  , Rifa’i M , Khoiruddin F
Published: October 2023

The excessive use of inorganic fertilizers by farmers in Riau Province is quite worrying about the decline in soil quality. Based on this, this study aims to obtain the best combination dose of inorganic fertilizer N, P, K with bio-organic fertilizer on the growth and production of rice. The research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 6 treatments and 4 replications so that 24 experimental units were obtained with the treatments being tested were P0= 100% inorganic fertilizer + petroganic; P1= 100% inorganic fertilizer; P2= 100% inorganic fertilizer + 100% sludge compost; P3= 75% inorganic fertilizer + 100% sludge compost; P4= 75% inorganic fertilizer + 100% sludge compost + biofertilizer; P5= 50% inorganic fertilizer + 100% sludge compost + biofertilizer. The results showed that the application of a combination of inorganic fertilizers N, P, K with bio-organic fertilizers had not been able to increase plant height and weight of milled dry grain, but can give the same results as the application of 100% N, P, K on rice grain parameters and 1000 grain weight in a combination of 75% inorganic fertilizer, 4 tons/ha of compost, and 10 ml of biofertilizer.
Evaluation of yield attributing characters and grain yield in some promising red rice lines (Oryza sativa L.) grown in the lowland conditions
Authors: Sadimantara G R , Muhidin  , Nuraida W
Published: October 2023

The research experiment conducted on the farmer paddy field in Ranomeeto village, District of South Konawe, Indonesia from January to May 2022, to evaluate the yield attributing characters and the grain yield in some new promising lines or cultivar of red rice. The red rice lines tested are GS12-1, GS12-2, GS16-1, GS16-2, GS44-1, and control variety Inpari-33, were laid out and arranged in field using randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications. The parameter measured were plant height, tiller density, productive tiller density, flowering time, harvesting times, panicle length, panicle density, filled grain percentage, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield. Differences between promising lines of red rice were found to exist when data on various yield-attributing features and grain yield were analysed. GS16-1 (89.37 cm) was the tallest plant and GS12-2 the shortest (72.74 cm). GS16-2 had the longest panicle (25.96 cm) and most grains per panicle (146.62). GS44-1 full grains, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield were highest. G12-1 lines had the most productive tillers, days to flowering, and harvest. Tiller number and productivity are positively correlated (0.908**). Tillers, productive tillers, and full grains percentage positively affect grain yield per plant.
Mycorrhizal inoculation and application of chicken manure to increase sweet potato production in acidic soil
Authors: Rahmawati N , Irmansyah T , Yudhitama D
Published: October 2023

Increased production of sweet potato can be done by expanding the planting in acid soil. Efforts to increase soil fertility and improve acid soil characteristics while maintaining environmental balance by inoculation of mycorrhizae and the use of chicken drum fertilizer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth and production of sweet potato on the application of mycorrhizae and chicken manure in acid soil. The study was conducted in Simalingkar B, Medan Tuntungan sub-district, Medan city, North Sumatra Province, from July to November 2021, using a 2-factor randomized block design. The first factor is the inoculation of mycorrhizae with 2 levels, namely without giving mycorrhizae and giving mycorrhizae 20 g/planting hole. The second factor is the application of chicken manure with 4 levels, namely 0 tons/ha, 37 tons/ha, 42 tons/ha and 47 tons/ha. The results showed that the mycorrhizal treatment had a significant effect on the degree of mycorrhizal infection. The treatment of giving chicken manure significantly affected the degree of mycorrhizal infection, the number of tubers per sample, tuber weight per sample, and harvest index. The interaction of mycorrhizal treatment and chicken manure had a significant effect on tuber weight per sample.
Feasibility of farming and farmer’s perceptions of introduced technology of rice cultivation on tidal swampland
Authors: Darsani Y R , Hairani A , Alwi M , Saleh M
Published: October 2023

Tidal swampland has great potential for increasing rice production through the application of introduced technology of rice cultivation. In 2021, research has been conducted at Terusan Karya village, Bataguh district, Kapuas regency, Central Kalimantan to obtain information on the feasibility of farming and farmer’s perceptions as well as extension workers on the introduced technology of rice cultivation on tidal swampland. The survey was conducted on 10 farmers who were purposively selected, while 11 extension workers and 10 farmers who were not implementing introduced technology were randomly selected as comparisons. The introduced technology includes water management, land preparation, amelioration and fertilization, adaptive varieties, and management of plant-disturbing organisms. Data were collected through interviews with farmers using a structured questionnaire. These data include inputs and outputs of rice farming and perceptions of farmers and extension workers on the introduced technology. The data were analyzed using the balance of costs and revenues. The results showed that the introduced technology increased rice production by 27.79% compared to farmer technology. The introduced technology is profitable and feasible to be developed on a large scale with Marginal Benefit Cost Ratio (MBCR) value >2. The perception of farmers and extension workers is positive towards the introduced technology.
The influence of integrated agro-tourism cluster development on regional development in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Authors: Marpaung M , Nasution Z , Sirojuzilam  , Andayani L S
Published: October 2023

This study analyses the relationship between the development of agro-tourism clusters and regional development in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This study collected various opinions from the government and the public in 18 districts/cities in North Sumatra through in-depth interviews and structured questionnaires. Statistical analysis for hypothesis testing is a certainty test (R2), simultaneous test (F test), and partial test (t test). The results showed that the development of an integrated agro-tourism cluster had a positive and significant impact on the development of the province of North Sumatra. These results have implications for the importance of agro-tourism cluster development policies in North Sumatra Province.
Factor influencing the success of integrated agricultural system in farmer’s group in Boyolali Regency, Central Java
Authors: Purnomo S H , Sari A I , Emawati S , Rahayu E T
Published: October 2023

The agricultural sector mainly consists of crops and livestock which is an integrated system which has the aim of utilizing each other’s waste so as to reduce the impact of environmental pollution. The goal of this study is to categorize the variables that affect the Boyolali Regency’s integrated agricultural system for rice and beef cattle. Purposive sampling was used in this study, which included 153 respondents from Boyolali Regency’s beef cattle breeders and rice farmers. A survey with questionnaires filled out by participants is the approach used to acquire the data. Validity, reliability, multiple linear regression analysis, followed by the determination test (R2), F test and t test are all meant as the data analysis techniques. The validity and reliability test yielded results that were both valid and reliable. Multiple linear regression analysis obtained the obtained the equation Y = 4.421 + 0.211 X1 + 0.003 X2 + 0.591 X3. Based on the t-test, individual factors and environmental factors of farmers have an important effect on farmers’ business performance, while business behavior factors have no effect. The results showed that individual factors and environmental factors can affect the performance of farmers’ businesses in achieving success in an integrated farming system.
Efficiency of cassava farming with an input-output analysis approach in the Wonogiri Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Cahyaningsih A F , Rahayu E S , Kusnandar
Published: October 2023

Wonogiri Regency was the area with the highest cassava production in Central Java in 2021, but the level of productivity is lower than the national productivity. The level of productivity is related to the inefficiency of inputs. The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficiency of cassava farming through the relationship between the inputs and outputs of cassava and socioeconomic factor which affects the efficiency. The basic method of the research is descriptive and quantitative, with primary data from 105 cassava farmers. Input-output analysis of the efficiency level use approach of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and analysis of socioeconomic factors affecting the efficiency level with Tobit’s regression. The input-output analysis with DEA results showed that 32% of cassava farmers in Wonogiri were already technically efficient, with an average value of 0.855. Increasing productivity through efficiency can be done by reducing the use of slack inputs, especially in the seed, organic fertilizer, and urea fertilizer. The Tobit regression results showed that farmers’ experience, education, and participation in the farmers’ group positively affected cassava’s efficiency in the Wonogiri Regency. The study’s implication is to increase farmer groups’ role in providing information on the efficient use of inputs needed to increase cassava productivity.
Value chain analysis of fresh dairy milk in Sleman Regency
Authors: Wijiono F L , Kusumastuti T A , Putra A R S
Published: October 2023

The right value chain influences effectiveness and efficiency. The use of the right value chain will provide benefits in economic and environmental. The value chain that can still be maximized is the fresh dairy milk. This paper aimed to analyze the fresh dairy milk channel, marketing margin, and marketing efficiency in Pakem Subdistrict and Cangkringan Subdistrict, Sleman Regency. The research was conducted to collect data from 35 farmers, actors involved, and dairy cooperatives as respondents who were selected using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The results showed that there are four marketing channels of fresh dairy milk but ineffective due to high marketing margins and a low Farmer’s Share (FS) value of <60. Poor marketing channels have an economic impact and environmental impact. The economic impact on decreasing farmers’ income and reducing farmers’ welfare. While the environmental impact is an increase in the use of fuel in the distribution of fresh dairy milk and the performance of the dairy industry.
Production function analysis of green onions in Merdeka Subdistrict, Karo Regency, North Sumatera Province
Authors: Ginting G S B , Pane T C , Supriana T
Published: October 2023

Green onions were the most widely cultivated commodity in Merdeka Subdistrict. Unfortunately, green onions productivity in Karo Regency was below other regions in Java. This study aimed to analyse the effect of variables of land area, seed, labour, fertilizer, and technology on green onions production, and analyse the efficiency of those production factors. The data was analysed by the Ordinary Least Square method with Cobb-Douglas’s production function. The results of the analysis showed that in Model-1 (with a dummy variable of technology included), the variables of land area, seed, and labour had a positive significant effect. In Model-2 (without a dummy variable of technology included), the variables of land area and seed had a positive significant effect. In Model-3 (for farmers with land area < 1000 m2), the variables of seed, labour, and fertilizer had a positive significant effect, while land area was insignificant. Estimations on the three models showed irrational or inefficient production areas or increasing returns to scale. In Model-4 (for farmers with land area > 1000 m2), the variables of land area and seed had a positive significant effect, while labour and fertilizer were insignificant with rational or efficient production areas or decreasing returns to scale.
The agricultural sustainability in rainfed land through the application of largo super technology packages
Authors: Musfal
Published: October 2023

This research of largo super technology packages aimed to observe the effect of the complete and incomplete technology packages in rainfed land. This research was conducted in Desa Baru, Batang Kuis District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatera from July to October 2019. The tested treatments were packages of A, B, C, D and farmer method (as comparison). The treatments were arranged according to a randomized block design with three replications on a 4x5 m2 plot. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the tested Largo Super technology packages have different effects. The more complete the components of the technology package provided, the higher the yields and the level of profit obtained. On the other hand, the less technology components provided, the lower the yields and the level of profit provided. On average, the application of direct seeding method with Jarwo planting system provided the higher yields and profit level than the farmer method that using the Tegel planting system. The increase in rice yields according to direct seeding method with the Jarwo planting system, because it is followed by an increase in the plant population.