bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
K problematice české zpěvníkové literatury aneb „Já, písnička“ v hudebním vzdělávání
Authors: Ostrý František
Published: March 2022

This paper deals with a number of songbooks “Já, písnička”, the most widespread songbook in the Czech Republic, especially its first part, which is intended for the lower primary school by the publisher. There are several errors, inaccuracies, and misinformation that the songbook contains. Greater attention is paid to the vocal range, which is inappropriate for many songs. In conclusion, it is stated that the songbook is not suitable as teaching material for music education.
Vlastenectvo – fenomén nadčasový a aktuálny aj pre súčasnosť či prehliadaný v dnešnej hudobnej edukácii a pedagogike?
Authors: Kupková Jana
Published: March 2022

The paper focuses on the phenomenon of patriotism and traces its background in the modern history of music education and pedagogy in Slovakia. Particular attention is paid to the present time and current music-cultural and pedagogical activities.
Everyday peacebuilding and practices in Kenya, South Sudan, Somaliland and Ghana: introduction
Authors: Njeri Sarah
Published: March 2022

Through an �everyday� lens, the articles presented in this supplementary issue draw together diverse discourses, experiences, theorisations and interpretations of everyday peacebuilding. This introduction seeks to locate peacebuilding as a policy agenda and centres the idea of the everyday lens that is useful in countering the dominant focus of liberal peacebuilding that privileges external actors. The authors do not engage in the philosophical dates of everyday but rather uses it as placeholder for �the local�; more as a referent to a scale of analysis than a substantive characteristic of distinct phenomena in its own right. This, as presented here, is taken to mean quite distinct things to different scholars, as is illustrated in the collection of articles by the various authors in this supplementary issue.
MARKET AND PERFORMANCE IMPLICATIONS OF FAST FIT SERVICE CONCEPTS IN AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS
Authors: Velimirovic Milan , Velimirovic Dragana , Popovic Vladimir
Published: March 2022

Implementation process of fast fit maintenance service concept in two authorized  service networks is shown as well as the results of its empirical implementation, by using descriptive, comparative and statistical  analysis method. Implementation of new maintenance service approach shows that its application leads to an improve of the after-sales work performances, relevantly affects the result of the whole business. In particular, in relation to the period when this service concept was not implemented new approach resulted in an increase in the number of  total service visits.This research is limited to the automotive maintenance service industry especially as place for an improvement in authorized workshops. But some further studies could refine those measures and process of implementation for the applicability in some other service context.
USING NANOCLAY HYDROPHILIC BENTONITE AS A FILLER TO ENHANCE THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT
Authors: Asim Mohammad Hussain Wail , Thamer Abdulrasool Abdulrasool , N Kadhim Yasir
Published: March 2022

Higher traffic loads on the wheels, increased traffic volumes, and exposure to changing weather conditions result in increasing the road stresses and strains, putting the paving layers in danger of degradation such as fatigue, stripping, cracking, and rutting. A tremendous number of studies and trials have been conducted to modify asphalt to have a longer service life, less maintenance, be cheaper, and be more environmentally friendly. Recently, nanotechnology has proven very beneficial in all industries, including asphalt. It can be used to enhance the asphalt's mechanical properties. Using nano clay in asphalt is expected to improve the mechanical properties and the service life of the asphalt. So the main objective of this study is to investigate the performance of nano clay hydrophilic bentonite in improving the physical characteristics of asphalt concrete. This study uses nano clay with various replacement ratios as fillers to the ordinary used limestone filler in asphalt concrete. The used replacement percentages were (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100). The experimental tests that were conducted in this study include Marshall Stability (MS), Marshall Flow (MF), voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), theoretical maximum specific gravity (Gmm) and air voids (AV).The results showed a noticeable enhansment in the behavior of the asphalt mix with increasing the replacement percentage by nanoclay. Also, it was found that the 60% replacement rate by nanoclay has the highest Marshall stability with an increase of 93%, also the lowest flow with a decrease of 25% compared to the control asphalt mix.
Protecting information and system integrity in industrial control system environments :
Authors: Powell Michael , Brule Joseph , Pease Michael , Stouffer Keith , Tang CheeYee , Zimmerman Timothy , Deane Chelsea , Hoyt John , Raguso Mary , Sherule Aslam , Zheng Kangmin , Zopf Matthew
Published: March 2022

Today's manufacturing organizations rely on industrial control systems (ICS) to conduct their operations. Increasingly, ICS are facing more frequent, sophisticated cyber attacks making manufacturing the second-most-targeted industry. Cyber attacks against ICS threaten operations and worker safety, resulting in financial loss and harm to the organization's reputation. The architecture and solutions presented in this guide are built upon standards-based, commercially available products, and represent some of the possible solutions. The solutions implement standard cybersecurity capabilities such as behavioral anomaly detection (BAD), application allowlisting (AAL), file integrity-checking, change control management, and user authentication and authorization. The solution was tested in two distinct lab settings: a discrete manufacturing workcell, which represents an assembly line production, and a continuous process control system (PCS), which represents chemical manufacturing industries. An organization that is interested in protecting the integrity of a manufacturing system and information from destructive malware, insider threats, and unauthorized software should first conduct a risk assessment and determine the appropriate security capabilities required to mitigate those risks. Once the security capabilities are identified, the sample architecture and solution presented in this document may be used.
Esquiver le stigmate lié à l’avortement : le « travail d’invisibilisation » comme renforcement du travail procréatif
Authors: Thizy Laurine
Published: March 2022

Cadre de la recherche : Partant du constat que l’avortement demeure une pratique stigmatisée, cet article analyse les stratégies d’invisibilisation mises en place par les femmes ayant avorté d’une première grossesse afin de contourner la stigmatisation.

Objectif : Cet article montre comment le « travail d’invisibilisation » mis en place par les avortées (gestion du secret, dissimulation des signes de grossesse, du parcours de soin et de l’avortement…) renforce le travail procréatif assigné aux femmes. En cela, il contribue à reproduire des asymétries genrées.

Méthodologie : Les données utilisées sont issues d’entretiens semi-directifs menés en France auprès de femmes entre 17 et 38 ans ayant avorté d’une première grossesse (n=49). Elles sont complétées par des observations ethnographiques dans plusieurs centres d’Interruption Volontaire de Grossesse (IVG) français.

Résultats : Dans le cadre d’une première grossesse interrompue, le dévoilement de l’avortement se réalise dans un entre-soi féminin, principalement auprès des amies et des mères des avortées. Les partenaires sexuels sont des soutiens d’autant plus ambigus que la relation de couple n’est pas établie. L’invisibilisation de l’avortement se traduit par des stratégies de justification alternative des absences au travail comme à l’école, pour préserver l’intimité et éviter une stigmatisation sexuelle et contraceptive. Dans l’espace domestique, la dissimulation, plus rare, s’avère difficile : elle suppose de masquer les signes de grossesse et les traces du parcours de soin. La prise en charge médicale de l’avortement expose quant à elle à une stigmatisation de l’échec contraceptif.

Conclusion : Se prémunir de la stigmatisation de l’avortement peut être nécessaire pour éviter le discrédit des avortées. Le travail d’invisibilisation varie selon les caractéristiques sociales des avortées (âge, situation conjugale) et les motifs de la stigmatisation (sexualité, représentation du fœtus, échec contraceptif).

Contribution : Cet article contribue à l’analyse internationale de l’abortion stigmaen le resituant dans une perspective matérialiste attentive au travail procréatif accompli par les femmes. Il montre également les spécificités de la stigmatisation abortive en France.
« J’avais peur, mais maintenant, c’est chez moi » : parcours de femmes réfugiées en situation monoparentale à Montréal
Authors: Fally Marie
Published: March 2022

Cadre de la recherche : Le nombre de personnes déplacées dans le monde s’élève aujourd’hui à 82,4 millions (UNHCR, 2021). L’UNHCR demeure critique des faibles quotas accordés aux personnes réfugiées au Canada et conseille depuis 2018 d’accorder la priorité d’accueil aux populations les plus vulnérables, notamment les femmes seules avec enfants qui sont au cœur de cette recherche. Si elle incarne une réalité variée dans les pays d’origine, la monoparentalité en contexte de migration forcée devient synonyme de précarité, d’instabilité et d’inégalités sociales et économiques, et à plus forte raison en contexte de pandémie mondiale.

Objectifs : L’objectif est de s’interroger sur les stratégies que ces femmes mettent en place pour s’ancrer dans la société québécoise et pour faire face aux défis qui leur sont propres.

Méthodologie : L’article prend appui sur des données recueillies par entrevues semi-dirigées auprès de trois femmes réfugiées en situation de monoparentalité à Montréal.

Résultats : Ces mères doivent jongler entre émotions tumultueuses, défis quotidiens et responsabilités familiales. Leurs parcours illustrent les manières dont se superposent résilience et agentivité dans la gestion des dynamiques familiales ainsi que dans les expériences d’installation.

Conclusions : Les transformations familiales et les défis de la migration forcée poussent les mères réfugiées à reconstruire non seulement leur chez-soi, mais aussi leur individualité de femme, et de mère, ce qui remet en cause les perspectives parfois réductrices sur la maternité et la résilience.

Contribution : La présentation des données issues de cette recherche permet de nuancer les concepts de résilience et d’agentivité en cernant leur complexité et leur ambivalence, tout en révélant comment les mères se reconstruisent après une expérience de migration forcée.
Reliability and Repeatability of the Footwork Plantar Pressure Plate System
Authors: Alfaro-Santafé José-Víctor , Gómez-Bernal Antonio , Almenar-Arasanz Alejandro-Jesús , Alfaro-Santafé Javier
Published: March 2022

Background

Plantar pressure plate instruments are commonly used in clinical practice and biomechanical analysis and are useful to establish a relationship between gait disorders and foot pressure. The aim of this study was to verify the reliability and repeatability of the Footwork pressure plate system for static and dynamic conditions.

Methods

Forty healthy adults, without apparent gait pathology, were recruited. For the static condition, participants were asked to stand static on the Footwork pressure plate for 5 sec in natural position (arms on either side of the body, feet shoulder-width apart in a comfortable angle, and looking ahead). For the dynamic condition, subjects were told to step five times with each foot on the plate following the three-step protocol. Both conditions were performed in two testing sessions spaced by 1 week.

Results

Intrasession and intersession reliability for both conditions showed substantial to almost perfect intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values, and low coefficient of variation, low standard error measure, and low percentage error. Intrasession ICCs were 0.724 to 0.993 for static condition evaluation and 0.639 to 0.986 for dynamic condition evaluation. Intersession reliability ICCs ranged from 0.850 to 0.987 for the static condition and from 0.781 to 0.996 for the dynamic condition. Coefficient of variation values were below 8% in both cases and percentage error calculated from standard error measure were less than 10%.

Conclusions

The present work demonstrates that the Footwork plantar pressure plate system is a reliable instrument for collecting plantar pressures in static and dynamic conditions. Reliability data were higher for the static trials, probably because of the individual physiologic fluctuations, which are larger during dynamic gait. Reliability for intersession and average intrasession trials were higher than single-test reliability. The results from the present work can be used as a starting point for future research and to establish a basis for sample sizes for investigations that would use the Footwork platform.
Determination of the Effective Site for Percutaneous Achilles Tenotomy in Ponseti Management of African Idiopathic Clubfoot
Authors: Anipole Olalekan A. , Oginni Lawrence M. , Ayoola Oluwagbemiga O. , Adegbehingbe Olayinka O. , Esan Oluwadare , Mejabi Joseph O.
Published: March 2022

Background

Percutaneous Achilles tenotomy is an essential step in the Ponseti treatment of idiopathic clubfoot, with reported complications such as injury to the surrounding neurovascular structures and incomplete division of the Achilles tendon (AT). Knowledge of AT thickness would guide tenotomy blade insertion depth, obviating these related complications. We embarked on this study to ultrasonographically determine AT thickness at its different levels from the calcaneal insertion in children with idiopathic clubfoot.

Methods

This prospective comparative study consisted of two groups of children 4 years and younger: a study group of patients with clubfoot requiring tenotomy and a control group. Both groups underwent ultrasonographic evaluation of their AT. The ultrasonographic data collected include AT thickness 1 and 2 cm from the calcaneal insertion of the AT, thickness of the thinnest portion of the tendon, and the distance of this thinnest portion from the calcaneal insertion.

Results

Twenty-seven children with idiopathic clubfoot constituted the study group, and 23 children with no musculoskeletal deformity were enrolled in the control group. Mean ± SD AT thicknesses 1 and 2 cm from the calcaneal insertion in the study group were 2.4 ± 0.7 mm and 2.1 ± 0.7 mm, respectively, and in the control group were 2.5 ± 0.7 mm and 2.3 ± 0.7 mm, respectively. The average thickness of the thinnest portion of the AT along its length was 2 mm at 1.8 cm from the calcaneal insertion in both groups.

Conclusions

Safe and complete percutaneous tenotomy would most likely be achieved when performed 1.8 cm from the calcaneal insertion, where the corresponding average AT thickness of 2 mm would be a guide to determine the insertion depth of the tenotomy blade.
Treatment of Giant Cell Tumor of Soft Tissue Disguised as Giant Cell Tumor of the Bone Involving the Distal and Proximal Phalanges of the Great Toe
Authors: Sethi Ronika , Tsai Grace , Liao Wei-Jei , Horl Lawrence
Published: March 2022

Giant cell tumors are benign tumors that are locally aggressive and rare in the foot. Giant cell tumors involving bone in the foot have an incidence of 1.2% to 2.8%, whereas giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath constitute 3% to 5% of all giant cell tumors in the foot and ankle. We present a case of giant cell tumor of the soft tissue disguised as a giant cell tumor of bone in a healthy 29-year-old male patient. Through radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation, it was determined that this patient had a bone tumor invading the distal and proximal phalanges of his left great toe with the involvement of soft tissue. With the use of the evidence-based medicine and patient expectation, the decision was made to amputate the digit. To much surprise, when the histopathologic results were reviewed, it was determined that the excised lesion was consistent with giant cell tumor of soft tissue that did not involve the bone.
Posterior Tibial Tendon Transfer for the Correction of Drop Foot
Authors: Chung James H. , Ramdass Roland S. , Dillard Jonathan , Sherick Ryan M.
Published: March 2022

Background

Drop foot is a crippling condition that often requires surgical intervention to restore functional dorsiflexion. Although transfer of the posterior tibial (PT) tendon has been well described for the treatment of drop foot, there is no consensus on whether tendon transfers affecting the ankle joint sufficiently restore functional status for daily activities. In addition, most studies have focused on drop foot caused by peripheral nerve disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional outcomes and patient satisfaction following PT tendon transfer for the correction of drop foot resulting from both peripheral and central neurologic causes.

Methods

Patients with drop foot who underwent a PT tendon transfer were followed for a minimum of 1 year and investigated retrospectively. Outcome measures included the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle and hindfoot scoring system, a patient satisfaction questionnaire, postoperative ankle range of motion, and postoperative ambulatory status.

Results

We evaluated 15 feet in 14 patients at a median follow-up of 50 months. The median postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle and hindfoot score was 85.0. Thirteen patients (92.9%) reported that they would undergo the procedure again. The median postoperative passive ankle dorsiflexion was 5.0°, and the median postoperative passive ankle plantarflexion was 30.0°. Thirteen patients (92.9%) were able to ambulate postoperatively. Ten (71.4%) ambulated without the use of an ankle-foot orthosis (AFO), and three (21.4%) ambulated with the use of an AFO. Overall, orthoses were able to be discontinued in 73.3% of the cases.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the PT tendon transfer is an effective procedure for the treatment of drop foot that can improve the patient's functional status and ability to ambulate. The majority of patients were able to discontinue the use of their AFO postoperatively.
The Secret Life of Literature
Authors: Zunshine Lisa
Published: March 2022

An innovative account that brings together cognitive science, ethnography, and literary history to examine patterns of “mindreading” in a wide range of literary works.

For over four thousand years, writers have been experimenting with what cognitive scientists call “mindreading”: constantly devising new social contexts for making their audiences imagine complex mental states of characters and narrators. In The Secret Life of Literature, Lisa Zunshine uncovers these mindreading patterns, which have, until now, remained invisible to both readers and critics, in works ranging from The Epic of Gilgamesh to Invisible Man. Bringing together cognitive science, ethnography, and literary studies, this engaging book transforms our understanding of literary history.

Central to Zunshine's argument is the exploration of mental states “embedded” within each other, as, for instance, when Ellison's Invisible Man is aware of how his white Communist Party comrades pretend not to understand what he means, when they want to reassert their position of power. Paying special attention to how race, class, and gender inform literary embedments, Zunshine contrasts this dynamic with real-life patterns studied by cognitive and social psychologists. She also considers community-specific mindreading values and looks at the rise and migration of embedment patterns across genres and national literary traditions, noting particularly the use of deception, eavesdropping, and shame as plot devices. Finally, she investigates mindreading in children's literature. Stories for children geared toward different stages of development, she shows, provide cultural scaffolding for initiating young readers into a long-term engagement with the secret life of literature.
Strategy-dependent effects of working-memory limitations on human perceptual decision-making
Authors: Schapiro Kyra , Josić Krešimir , Kilpatrick Zachary P , Gold Joshua I
Published: March 2022

Deliberative decisions based on an accumulation of evidence over time depend on working memory, and working memory has limitations, but how these limitations affect deliberative decision-making is not understood. We used human psychophysics to assess the impact of working-memory limitations on the fidelity of a continuous decision variable. Participants decided the average location of multiple visual targets. This computed, continuous decision variable degraded with time and capacity in a manner that depended critically on the strategy used to form the decision variable. This dependence reflected whether the decision variable was computed either: (1) immediately upon observing the evidence, and thus stored as a single value in memory; or (2) at the time of the report, and thus stored as multiple values in memory. These results provide important constraints on how the brain computes and maintains temporally dynamic decision variables.
Particle foraging strategies promote microbial diversity in marine environments
Authors: Ebrahimi Ali , Goyal Akshit , Cordero Otto X
Published: March 2022

Microbial foraging in patchy environments, where resources are fragmented into particles or pockets embedded in a large matrix, plays a key role in natural environments. In the oceans and freshwater systems, particle-associated bacteria can interact with particle surfaces in different ways: some colonize only during short transients, while others form long-lived, stable colonies. We do not yet understand the ecological mechanisms by which both short- and long-term colonizers can coexist. Here, we address this problem with a mathematical model that explains how marine populations with different detachment rates from particles can stably coexist. In our model, populations grow only while on particles, but also face the increased risk of mortality by predation and sinking. Key to coexistence is the idea that detachment from particles modulates both net growth and mortality, but in opposite directions, creating a trade-off between them. While slow-detaching populations show the highest growth return (i.e., produce more net offspring), they are more susceptible to suffer higher rates of mortality than fast-detaching populations. Surprisingly, fluctuating environments, manifesting as blooms of particles (favoring growth) and predators (favoring mortality) significantly expand the likelihood that populations with different detachment rates can coexist. Our study shows how the spatial ecology of microbes in the ocean can lead to a predictable diversification of foraging strategies and the coexistence of multiple taxa on a single growth-limiting resource.
Octopamine drives honeybee thermogenesis
Authors: Kaya-Zeeb Sinan , Engelmayer Lorenz , Straßburger Mara , Bayer Jasmin , Bähre Heike , Seifert Roland , Scherf-Clavel Oliver , Thamm Markus
Published: March 2022

In times of environmental change species have two options to survive: they either relocate to a new habitat or they adapt to the altered environment. Adaptation requires physiological plasticity and provides a selection benefit. In this regard, the Western honeybee (Apis mellifera) protrudes with its thermoregulatory capabilities, which enables a nearly worldwide distribution. Especially in the cold, shivering thermogenesis enables foraging as well as proper brood development and thus survival. In this study, we present octopamine signaling as a neurochemical prerequisite for honeybee thermogenesis: we were able to induce hypothermia by depleting octopamine in the flight muscles. Additionally, we could restore the ability to increase body temperature by administering octopamine. Thus, we conclude that octopamine signaling in the flight muscles is necessary for thermogenesis. Moreover, we show that these effects are mediated by β octopamine receptors. The significance of our results is highlighted by the fact the respective receptor genes underlie enormous selective pressure due to adaptation to cold climates. Finally, octopamine signaling in the service of thermogenesis might be a key strategy to survive in a changing environment.
Probing language identity encoded in pre-trained multilingual models: a typological view
Authors: Zheng Jianyu , Liu Ying
Published: March 2022

Pre-trained multilingual models have been extensively used in cross-lingual information processing tasks. Existing work focuses on improving the transferring performance of pre-trained multilingual models but ignores the linguistic properties that models preserve at encoding time—“language identity”. We investigated the capability of state-of-the-art pre-trained multilingual models (mBERT, XLM, XLM-R) to preserve language identity through language typology. We explored model differences and variations in terms of languages, typological features, and internal hidden layers. We found the order of ability in preserving language identity of whole model and each of its hidden layers is: mBERT > XLM-R > XLM. Furthermore, all three models capture morphological, lexical, word order and syntactic features well, but perform poorly on nominal and verbal features. Finally, our results show that the ability of XLM-R and XLM remains stable across layers, but the ability of mBERT fluctuates severely. Our findings summarize the ability of each pre-trained multilingual model and its hidden layer to store language identity and typological features. It provides insights for later researchers in processing cross-lingual information.
Diegoaelurus, a new machaeroidine (Oxyaenidae) from the Santiago Formation (late Uintan) of southern California and the relationships of Machaeroidinae, the oldest group of sabertooth mammals
Authors: Zack Shawn P. , Poust Ashley W. , Wagner Hugh
Published: March 2022

Machaeroidinae is a taxonomically small clade of early and middle Eocene carnivorous mammals that includes the earliest known saber-toothed mammalian carnivores. Machaeroidine diversity is low, with only a handful of species described from North America and Asia. Here we report a new genus and species of machaeroidine,Diegoaelurus vanvalkenburghae, established on the basis of a nearly complete dentary with most of the dentition from the late Uintan (middle Eocene) portion of the Santiago Formation of southern California. The new taxon is the youngest known machaeroidine and provides the first evidence for the presence of multiple machaeroidine lineages, as it differs substantially fromApataelurus kayi, the only near-contemporaneous member of the group. Phylogenetic analysis indicates thatDiegoaelurusis the sister taxon ofApataelurus, while older species are recovered as a monophyleticMachaeroides. Both phylogenetic results are relatively weakly supported. The new taxon extends the record of machaeroidines to the end of the Uintan, potentially tying machaeroidine extinction to the faunal turnover spanning the middle to late Eocene transition in North America.
Predicting population: development and validation of a new predictive nomogram for evaluating medication nonadherence risk in a type 2 diabetes
Authors: QiMuge NaRen , Fang Xu , Chang Baocheng , Li Dong Mei , Li Yuanyuan
Published: March 2022

Background

Diabetes mellitus is a growing global health challenge and affects patients of all ages. Treatment aims to keep blood glucose levels close to normal and to prevent or delay complications. However, adherence to antidiabetic medicines is often unsatisfactory.

Purpose

Here, we established and internally validated a medication nonadherence risk nomogram for use in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was carried out from July–December 2020 on randomly selected T2DM patients visiting a diabetes clinic and included 753 participants. Adherence was analyzed based on an eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Other data, including patient demographics, treatment, complications, and comorbidities, were also collected on questionnaires. Optimization of feature selection to develop the medication nonadherence risk model was achieved using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model (LASSO). A prediction model comprising features selected from LASSO model was designed by applying multivariable logistic regression analysis. The decision curve analysis, calibration plot, and C-index were utilized to assess the performance of the model in terms of discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness. Bootstrapping validation was applied for internal validation.

Results

The prediction nomogram comprised several factors including sex, marital status, education level, employment, distance, self-monitoringofbloodglucose, disease duration, and dosing frequency of daily hypoglycemics (pills, insulin, or glucagon-like peptide-1). The model exhibited good calibration and good discrimination (C-index = 0.79, 95% CI [0.75–0.83]). In the validation samples, a high C-index (0.75) was achieved. Results of the decision curve analysis revealed that the nonadherence nomogram could be applied in clinical practice in cases where the intervention is decided at a nonadherence possibility threshold of 12%.

Conclusion

The number of patients who adhere to anti-diabetes therapy was small. Being single male, having no formal education, employed, far from hospital, long disease duration, and taking antidiabetics twice or thrice daily, had significant negative correlation with medication adherence. Thus, strategies for improving adherence are urgently needed.
Study of the Accessory Mandibular Foramina in Dry Adult Human Mandibles and their Clinical and Surgical Implications
Authors: Mistry Pratik N , Rajguru Jaba , Dave Mitesh R
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Accessory Mandibular Foramina (AMF) are most commonly located around the mandibular foramen in the ramus of the mandible. They may transmit the branches of the inferior alveolar nerve and vessels, which may lead to the failure to achieve the inferior alveolar nerve block during various dental procedures. Aim: To evaluate the incidence, the site/location and the number of the AMF in the dry adult human mandibles. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 140 dry adult human mandibles were studied in Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Parul University, Vadodara for the presence of the AMF with respect to their incidence, number, site/location around the mandibular foramen from December 2018 to July 2020. The findings were recorded, tabulated,analysed and stated using descriptive statistics. Results: The AMF were present in 44 (31.42%), out of 140 dry human mandibles. In 26 (18.57%) mandibles, they were present bilaterally and in 18 (12.85%) mandibles they were present unilaterally; eight (5.71%) on the right side while 10 (7.14%) on the left side. In 62 (77.5%) left and right sides of the mandibles, they were present above the mandibular foramen while in 18 (22.5%) left and right sides, they were present below the mandibular foramen. A single AMF was present in 66 (82.5%) left and right sides of the mandibles. Two foramina were present in the 12 (15%) left and right sides of the mandible. Triple foramina were observed in the two (2.5%) sides of the mandibles. Conclusion: Knowledge of the presence of the AMF can help to prevent the neurovascular complications during various procedures involving mandibular ramus.
Effect of Corona Pandemic on Learning Anatomy Subject among First Year MBBS Students
Authors: Eluru Ravitheja , Ramulu Mutyalapati Venkata , Koshi Rachel , Deshpande Shripad D
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The emergence of Corona Pandemic situation in India during March 2020 forced the institutes to send students to their respective hometowns. Faculty had no option but to continue teaching online in such situation. In comparison to other basic medical science subjects, learning anatomy online was felt difficult as the students were unable to understand the three dimensional spatial orientation of structures in human body. Rising concerns among students urged to evaluate strength and weakness of ongoing online teaching and learning methods. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of teaching anatomy subject online with that of classroom teaching and also to compare Google classroom with Google meet for anatomy theory and practical online teaching. Materials and Methods: The study was done using pre- designed four sets of Multiple choice questionnaires, among first year MBBS students, in Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India. The opinion about classroom and online teaching were anonymously retrieved through Google forms and analysed on excel sheet to derive descriptive statistical data. Results: Out of 154 students, 98 students submitted their response for the questionnaire. Regarding anatomy theory and practical online sessions, 76 (77%) and 86 (88%), respectively opined that classroom teaching was better. Majority felt the lack of opportunity to develop practical skills (dissection) 78 (79.6%), faced problems due to lack of study materials 68 (69.4%) and felt the lack of study environment 61 (62.2%) and connectivity problems 61 (62.2%). Accessibility 52 (53%) and downloading 78 (79.6%) was good with Google classroom while live interactions 79 (80.6%) and audio- visual quality 45 (45.9%) was better with Google meet. Conclusion: Students preferred classroom teaching over online teaching for anatomy subject. Between the platforms used in online teaching, Google meet has an edge over Google classroom in terms of learning.
Prevalence of Macroprolactinaemia in Women with Hyperprolactinaemia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Almeida Flavia , Christy Alap , Birla Varsha , Jatale Raj , Chadha Kirti
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Macroprolactinaemia causes asymptomatic hyperprolactinaemia in many patients which leads to misdiagnosis, inappropriate investigation and needless treatment in these patients. Though immunoassays for prolactin are sturdy and reliable, they are prone to interference from macroprolactin. Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) precipitation is used as a screening test for macroprolactinaemia. Aim: To find out the prevalence of macroprolactin in women with hyperprolactinaemia this will help in evaluation and treatment of such patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a Global Reference Laboratory in Mumbai over a period of three and a half years from January 2018 to May 2021. Total available data of 1,15,149 women with age above 18 years were included in the study. Prolactin concentrations were measured before and after PEG precipitation. Macroprolactinaemia was characterised by percentage recovery and post PEG prolactin concentrations. Continuous variables were expressed as Mean±Standard Deviation (SD), Range and categorical variables as number and percentage. The differences in categorical variables were assessed with Chisquare test or Fisher’s-exact test. Results: A total of 36,247 women (31.48%) women out of the total 1,15,149 were observed to have hyperprolactinaemia Prevalence of macroprolactinaemia using recovery criteria of ≤50% was 7.88%. Amongst the women diagnosed with hyperprolactinaemia highest prevalence of 62.46% (22,639) was found between 18-30 years. Macroprolactin results and age were found to be statistically significant. Infertility, Oligomenorrhoea/amenorrhoea, and thyroid disorders was seen more frequently in hyperprolactinaemia than in macroprolactinaemia. Twelve women with prolactin values above 100 ng/mL were found to have macroprolactinaemia. Conclusion: Macroprolactin determination with the PEG precipitation method might prevent unnecessary tests and treatments during the diagnosis process and follow-up of patients.
Assessing the Association between Clients’ Level of Satisfaction and Retention of National Health Insurance Scheme Membership in Ghana: A Study in the Greater Accra Region
Authors: Boateng Agartha Afful
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Since the implementation of National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS), fewer Ghanaians have been actively enrolled. Recently, there has been dwindling enrollment rate amongst the populace. Studies have revealed that clients’ satisfaction with services received may influence repurchasing behaviour. 

Aim: This study aimed at investigating the association between clients’ satisfaction with services and the intention to maintain NHIS membership.

Methodology: This study was a household cross-sectional survey conducted in the Greater Accra Region. Data was gathered via distribution of 424 well-structured questionnaires amongst enrollees who were 18 years and above. Systematic random sampling was used in the selection of households and data was collected between November, 2018 and February, 2019. Client’s level of satisfaction was assessed on a Likert scale.  The data was analyzed using SPSS version 23, chi-square test and Cramer’s V test.

Results: The response rate for this study was 94.3% and the result revealed that 60% of the participants expressed satisfaction with NHIS services, 34.5% were neutral, and 5.5% dissatisfied with NHIS services. Few of the respondents (28.3%) expressed the intention to maintain NHIS membership. Furthermore, there was no statistical association between clients’ overall satisfaction and retention of NHIS membership (p=.24). Retention of membership with NHIS was weakly associated with satisfaction with premium (p=.01, Cramer’s V=.16), geographical accessibility of health care facilities (p=.03, Cramer’s V=.13), and healthcare provider and clients’ interpersonal relationship (p=.04, Cramer’s=.12)

Conclusion:  Clients’ satisfaction with NHIS services is necessary but not sufficient to influence retention of membership with the scheme. Hence, the need for health care providers to maintain good interpersonal relationship with clients, ensure geographical accessibility of NHIS accredited health care facilities, and further research of predictors to retention of NHIS membership is recommended.
Resilient Responses to Urban Wetland Loss: Experiences from Port Harcourt Municipality
Authors: Ibama Brown, , Idaminabo Nengi Dapa, , Tari Eyenghe,
Published: March 2022

Wetlands globally contribute to valuable ecosystem services to both natural species habitat and human tourist attractions in any location including those found in Port Harcourt Municipality. Wetlands are also beneficial and significant serving as breeding regions for wildlife and safe spaces for sea creatures, support a diversity of species and provide some climate restraining components, characteristic of any natural habitat. This study highlights some resilient responses residents put up in the aftermath of wetland reclamation and conversion in neighbourhoods. The study aims to ascertain the environmental and physical challenges of wetland loss on the wetland dwellers and subsequently identify resilient paradigms adopted to cope with such associated stress. Forty-one wetland settlements were identified within the Port Harcourt municipality and three out of those settlements were chosen purposively. A total of 293 questionnaires were distributed and SPSS was used to analyse the data. ERDAS Imagine 2014 version was used to show spatial changes between the years 1986 to 2000, and 2000 to 2016. The study shows that from 1986 to 2000, Port Harcourt municipality lost a total of 1,255,500m2. This translates to a 5% loss with an average rate of 89,678.57m2 per annum. Between 2000 and 2016, the rate of loss was 108,956.25m2 per annum, and approximately 7.69% of wetlands totalling 1,743,300m2 were lost to urbanisation and other activities. The result indicates that some of the challenges of wetland loss include flooding, poor refuse disposal system, and unplanned settlements. Indigenous knowledge, social capital and symbolic power are some of the resilient responses displayed by the vulnerable population to build resilience capacities. The study recommends periodic mapping of all wetlands and an effective development control framework to monitor incursions into existing wetlands.
Diversity of Homestead Plants in Sreemangal Upazilla, Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Seema Sabiha , Banik Joy , Nandi Rajassree
Published: March 2022

The research was carried out in the Kalighat union of Sreemangal Upazilla, Moulvibazar district, Bangladesh with the objective of discovering the diversity of homestead plants. Five villages were selected randomly from the Kalighat union named Kalighat tea garden, Baraura Tea Garden, 8 No. Line, 8 No Kalighat and 9 No. Basti. To determine the plant diversity, 105 households were surveyed. In comparison to the other villages, the 8 No. Line had more plant diversity, in this study. In the study region, 73 valuable plant species were identified, including fruits, woods, fuel wood, aesthetics, and medicinal. The highest Shannon Wiener Index value was found as 2.95 in 8 No. Line and the lowest Shannon Wiener Index value was 2.21 in Kalighat Tea Garden. On the other hand, Baraura Tea Garden had the highest Index of Dominance (0.47), while 8 No. Kalighat and 8 No. Line had the lowest Index of Dominance (0.09). The Evenness Index was found in the plot of Kalighat tea garden (0.76), Baraura tea garden (0.7) and 8 No. Line (0.77) were more evenly distributed except 8 No. Kalighat (0.84) and 9 No. Basti (0.64) indicated irregular even distribution. Plant species diversity among different villages of Sreemangal Upazilla was found statistically significant (p-value =0.0001173<0.05). The most important value index and top-ranked planted species were Bamboo (Bambusa sp.) (42.20) followed by Mango (Mangifera indica) (37.79), Kathal (Artocarpus heterophyllus) (15.19) and Supari (Areca catechu) (35.88) respectively. Agro-crop diversity was also found to be predominant in different unions of Sreemangal Upazilla. A total of 24 agro-crop species were found in the study area. Rice crop was found the most important crop in the study area. Rice production in each family is 1200 kilograms per year, whereas consumption is 500.5 kilograms per year. Farmers can be authorized more specific species for more production and sustainable homestead forest management in the study area based on findings from the analysis of soil conditions and properties. The present study revealed that homestead plant diversity and homestead crops are the prime resources for the socio-economic development of rural people.
Effective Diversified Uses of Tapioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) and Borkesseru (Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.): The Promising Secondary Host Plants of Eri Silkworm
Authors: Chamuah Priyanka , Borgohain Aparupa , Baruah Jyoti Prasad , Hatibaruah Dipankar
Published: March 2022

Eri culture is an age old traditional activity associated with the socio-economic life of the rural population of the country. Eri silkworm (Samia ricini Donovan) is a multivoltine silkworm which is polyphagous in nature. It feeds on number of primary, secondary and tertiary host plants. Tapioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) and borkesseru (Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.) are regarded as the secondary host plants of eri silkworm and these plants species have enormous potentialities due to having certain properties for utilization in multiple purposes.  Besides utilization as a host plant for silkworm rearing, the various parts of the plants can be exploited commercially. The plant parts can be used for human consumption, industrial as well as medicinal purposes. Moreover, they can also be utilized as a fodder, pesticides, fuel etc. Huge potentialities of product diversification of these plants will give a new dimension to eri industry. Hence, popularization of diversified uses of tapioca and borkesseru is very necessary to uplift the rural economy of the country. This review mainly focuses on the importance of tapioca and borkesseru not only as host plants of eri silkworm but also its utility in numerous purposes.
Obesity and Maternal Periodontal Disease do not Cause Changes in Offspring's Adult Life - Study in Rats
Authors: Petry De Paula Thayná N. , Balbo Sandra L. , Moi Milara B. , Suemi Valeria , Paiva João P. , Goncalves Silva Victor Miguel , Teleken Jakeline L. , Bonfleur Maria L. , A. Amorim Joao P. , Nassar Carlos A.
Published: March 2022

Objective: To investigate the influence of MSG obesity and maternal periodontal disease on the mandibular bone loss of male offspring in adulthood.

Methods: 60 neonatal Wistar females were used and randomly separated into two groups. During the first 5 days of life, half of the female pups received subcutaneous injections in the cervical region of monosodium glutamate (MSG), and the other half-received of hyperosmotic saline solution (CTL). All animals used in the experiments received water and standard feed. At 70 days of life, animals were distributed into four experimental groups: control with no ligature (CTL NL), control with a ligature (CTL WL), MSG with no ligature (MSG NL), and MSG with a ligature (MSG WL). The four groups of females reproduced with control rats (2:1). Offspring (F1) were classified into 4 groups, according to the mothers' treatment.  Hemimandibles were collected for histological, morphological, and radiographic analysis and a portion of gingival tissue for analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of cytokines IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and TNF-alpha. Data were assessed using Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test.

Results: There were no changes related to maternal hypothalamic obesity associated with periodontal disease in alveolar bone loss in the male offspring of F1 rats at 120 days.

Conclusions: Hypothalamic obesity and maternal periodontal disease did not affect the body and plasma parameters of their male offspring in the first generation, demonstrating that there was no effect of fetal programming on these parameters.