bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dramatic cognitive improvement with acetylcholinesterase inhibitor in cerebral amyloid angiopathyrelated inflammation
Authors: Soares Izadora Fonseca Zaiden , Santos João Nicoli Ferreira dos , Silva Lis Gomes
Published: December 2021

Context: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by progressive deposition of amyloid-ß fibrils in the walls of small arterioles and capillaries of the leptomeninges and cerebral cortex. A rare subtype of CAA is CAA-related inflammation (CAA-RI), which exhibits marked perivascular or transmural inflammatory infiltration in brain tissue. The major clinical features of CAA-RI are rapidly progressive dementia, behavioral changes, headache, seizures, or stroke-like signs. Conclusive diagnosis requires histopathological confirmation, but validated clinicoradiological criteria for the diagnosis of probable CAA-RI have good sensitivity (82%) and specificity (97%). Treatment with high dose corticosteroids with or without other immunosuppressive therapy is recommended. We report a case of probable CAA-RI that did not respond to corticosteroid therapy but had a surprising improvement with acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Case report: A 77-year-old illiterate woman presented with a history of subacute onset of seizures and behavioral changes. Her medical history was positive for a hearing loss due to a toxic exposure in childhood, and a cured breast cancer. The neurological examination showed attention impairment, disorientation, and incoherent speech. CSF showed a mildly elevated protein count. Brain MRI met criteria for probable CAA-RI. She had a poor response with high doses of corticosteroids, but after a trial with Donepezil she showed important cognitive and functional improvement. Conclusion: This result attracts attention to the importance of the cholinergic pathway in the etiology and pathological mechanisms of CAA. Randomized Controlled Trials would be required to confirm our hypothesis and to find new therapeutic options for CAA.
Epidemiological comparison of stroke patients before and after Cincinatti Scale implementation
Authors: Sanches Brenda Luiza de Sousa , Gomes Gabriela Malaquias Barreto , Targino Larissa Melo , Costa Julia do Vale Moura , Barreto Thaís Lima , Souza Júnior Epaminondas Mendes
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Stroke is an obstruction or rupture of cerebral arteries that leads to brain damage. The Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS) aims to identify early stroke signs. Objectives: To epidemiologically compare stroke victims in Brazil before and after CPSS implementation. Design and setting: A cross-sectional study in Brazil. Methods: Data collected was published by the Health Ministry through DATASUS. A ten-year period was selected before and after the Cincinnati Scale (2010) implementation in Brazil. The data collected were mortality rate, lethality and average length of stay. Results: The average stroke mortality rate from 2000 to 2009 was 16.99, while from 2011 to 2020 it was 15.10, representing a 12,5% reduction. However, comparing these same periods, the average lethality rate increased by 4.92%. The median of stay averages before the implementation of the CPSS is 7.15 days, whereas the one afterwards is 7.45. Conclusions: The CPSS aims to identify stroke by evaluating weakness, speech and facial drop. A significant reduction in mortality has been noted since the implementation of the protocol, which may suggest its effectiveness in early stroke detection. Before the scale, the treatment was possibly late, leading to worse prognosis. Thus, the average stay increase between the evaluated periods could be explained by premature deaths.
Military and Control of Land Resources? Conflict TNI and Magelang City Government
Authors: Setiawan Hendy
Published: December 2021

The military's involvement in power and land ownership often leads to conflicts, both vertically and horizontally. According to the Agrarian Reform Consortium's records in 2020, agrarian conflicts involving military personnel during the Covid-19 pandemic were relatively stagnant. This paper aims to explore the conflict between the TNI Akmil Magelang and the Magelang City Government. The method used in this study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques in this study using observation and documentation techniques and processing research data using the stages of data presentation, verification, and concluding. This study uses Pondy's (1967) theory regarding the stages of conflict as an analytical tool. The results show that the military conflict over land control with the city government has occurred since 1985. However, this conflict has not yet found common ground. The peak of the conflict occurred in mid-August 2020 when the TNI put up a sign at the mayor's office complex. The TNI gave an ultimatum to the Magelang City Government to leave or compensate for land assets. The development of the conflict is currently heading towards conflict resolution. However, it does not mean that in the end the conflict resolution can be found. This departs from the historical record where this conflict has been going on for a long time, and various parties as mediators are involved. However, the conflict continues to roll on and at any time can explode again in public.
Analysis of Athletes ' Views on Digital Games
Authors: Tel Mikail
Published: December 2021

The aim of this research is to determine athletes ' views on digital games and to determine their relationship to certain variables. 1521 (927 male, 594 female) athletes who continue their activities in different branches constitute the sample of the research. The research is in the screening model and has a descriptive quality. As a data collection tool, an online questionnaire was applied in which participants' demographic information, frequency of game play, the duration of game play with either mobile phone and desktop computer, and their digital game play status were surveyed. The data was analyzed using the SPSS statistical package program and the significance level was accepted as p<0.05. As a result, 60.9% of the research group were male, 35.5% were between the ages of 21 and 30, 59.2% were students, and 61.5% were undergraduates or graduates. 36.9% of participants were observed to play sports between 1-5 years, 27.5% were observed to play sports between 6-10 years, and 62.9% of them still continued their sports activities as athletes. In the study, it was determined that athletes played games in moderate frequency and preferred to play games at higher rates, daily, using their mobile phones. Participants expressed that they liked to play games and wanted to play again when they were successful in those games. Athletes stated that games are addictive, games with violent elements negatively affect people, and while excessive gameplay negatively affects social life, games also help them to relieve their boredom. They believe that games which are played with friends and family, etc. improved social skills, and they noted that games can be used for educational purposes, and that playing games helps them learn something new, but is mostly effective in filling out free time. Athletes also noted that they did not believe that playing digital games improved their athletic abilities specific to their sport in any way. A statistically significant difference was found when athletes' views on gender and digital games were examined. It was determined that there were statistically significant differences according to age, profession, year of playing sports, level in sports branch, frequency of playing games, duration of playing games with mobile phones, duration of playing games with computers, and that there were no statistically significant difference according to educational status. As a result, it was determined that the athletes in the research group played digital games with medium frequency and liked to play games. We believe that it will be useful for athletes to use digital games, the internet and social media to develop their skills in their branch of sports. Keywords: Digital game, sports and Digital Game, athletes and digital game.
Chloroquine Induced Oxidative Stress in Male Albino Mice: RCT
Authors: Khalid Sumbal , Javaid Qureshi Hamid , Sohail Aslam Muhammad , Laique Talha
Published: December 2021

Many drugs have been found to induce oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is responsible for a large number of diseases. Chloroquine is one of the drugs, which can induce oxidative stress, when it is given at higher dose. Purpose: To find the effect of chloroquine as stress inducer on albino mice. Study Design: Randomized clinical trial. Methodology: Sixty male albino mice were taken into this randomized controlled study. Those were divided into two groups of 30 each. Group A was the control group while group B mice were given single oral dose of 970 mg/kg of body weight of chloroquine on 9th day of experiment. Terminal intracardiac blood sample was obtained on 17th day of experiment. Statistical analysis: SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. Results: When results of group B were compared with those of group A, there was highly significant (p= 0.000) rise in serum malondialdehyde level and highly significant (p= 0.000) decrease in serum glutathione peroxidase level. Conclusion: It was concluded that Chloroquine induces oxidative stress when it is given at the dose of 970 mg/kg of body weight in mice. Keywords: Chloroquine, Oxidative Stress and Malondialdehyde.
Students Feedback Regarding the Effectiveness of Think Pair Share Strategy in the Anatomy Class
Authors: Mushtaq Fareeha , Saad Abdullah Muhammad , Naheed Kishwar , Qamar Abdullah , Ali Humaira , Chughtai Aneeqa , Laique Talha
Published: December 2021

Lectures are a major part of a university student’s learning experience and are an effective means of transferring knowledge and concepts to large groups in less time and with minimal resources. Objectives: To find the effects of lectures alone and when lectures are combined with strategy of think-pair-share, on the 1st and 2nd year medical student’s participation, confidence, critical thinking and involvement in learning activities during the Anatomy class. Study Design: Descriptive Cross sectional study. Methodology: Present study enrolled 200 participants involving both genders. Online feedback Performa based on 5 questions was developed and collected data from students before and after the 10-week treatment program. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed by SPSS software, version 19 as qualitative variables were expressed as percentages. Results: There was a significant benefit to majority of students by applying think-pair-share technique during their Anatomy lectures. Conclusion: We concluded that think pair share strategy in lectures kept the students more actively involved in the class discussion and they felt more confident in sharing their ideas with the peers. It also promoted critical thinking among the students and they received feedback more frequently from the teacher. Keywords: Lectures, Think Pair Share Strategy, Critical Thinking and Anatomy Class.
Vaccination Status of Demonstrator’s of a Private Dental College/Institiute of Multan Against The Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Khan Nousheen , Sajid Mustafa , . Isma , Mohsin Javaid Muhammad , Mahmood Rabia , Badar Nida
Published: December 2021

Background: One of most hazardous infections that can prompt death is Hepatitis B and it is familiarized as highest ten dangerous afflictions of life1. Hepatitis B has been ranked among those diseases which can cause death. Medical care experts have greater chance of getting infested with this infection since they are straightforwardly in contact with contaminated patients. Aim: To assess percentage of inoculated Demonstrators in a tertiary care hospital. This examination additionally rules out or precludes various causes which diminish the immunization rate. Setting: Multan Dental College Multan Methodology: It was the questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. Here the simple random sampling technique had been utilized in a private sector hospital of Multan city. 40 participants completed a questionnaire. Information was collected & tabulated Results: 80% of the participants were vaccinated while 20% were not vaccinated & reasons for non-vaccine were also stated. Busy Schedule & forget to receive vaccine were the main reasons among non-vaccinated individuals. Conclusion: Self-reported rate of vaccination among demonstrators has been satisfactory against hepatitis B virus in this environment where they have direct contact with this dangerous disease but needs to be improve further. Medical institutes should furthermore assume responsibility to teach and explain their employees with respect to immunization and cautionary measures against hepatitis B infection. Keywords: Hepatitis B, Demonstrators, Immunization, Vaccination
E-learning in the era of Covid-19 Pandemic: the Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Mehmood Nosheen , Akhlaq Humera , Nasir Muhammad , Sajjad Isma , Hanif Sajid , Sheikh Hifza
Published: December 2021

Background: The current study aimed to determine the effectiveness of E-learning in Pakistan among the higher education students (both medical and non-medical) during the global pandemic. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a government university in Karachi, Pakistan between April 2020 to September 2021. All participants living in a region where COVID-19 is prevalent, having higher education status, who had access to the internet and were above 18 years of age were included in the study. All those who were younger than 18 years, those who were in primary and secondary education, and students who were already taking any online module before the Covid-19 pandemic were excluded. All findings were recorded in the semi – structured Proforma consisting of closed ended questions. Demographics of the study participant’s such as age, gender and occupation were recorded. Furthermore, information to assess the satisfaction towards the online learning were included. Results: Mean age of study participants was 21 years with female dominance. Overall mean scores for learning environment, face-to-face learning, and E-learning were 18.1 ± 4.6, 23.1 ± 6.5, and 15.4 ± 7.1, respectively. The scores for the learning environment were significantly higher for female students as compared to male counterparts (p<0.008). However, no statistical difference was observed between gender and scores on face-to face learning and E-learning. It was further indicated that face-to-face learning was significantly higher in medical students (p=0.0001) while non-medical students score significantly higher in E-learning with a p-value of 0.0002. Conclusion: The present study presented a comparison between modes of teaching (face-to-face learning versus E-learning) from the perspective of the students. The study indicated that medical students preferred face-to-face learning while other non-medical students preferred E-learning. If interactive classes are an option for students in which they can easily interact with the teacher and postulate questions, then E-learning could be as effective as face-to-face learning. However, this should be further explored using a larger sample population including remote areas of Pakistan as well. Keywords: E-LEARNING, COVID-19, PANDEMIC, LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
Evaluation The Effects of Home Accidents to The Traumatic Dental Injuries of Primary Teeth
Authors: Erdoğan Yildirim , Çiftçi Z.Zahit , Güngör Özge Erken , Karayilmaz Huseyin , Kirzioğlu Zuhal
Published: December 2021

Objective:The primary aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the effects of home accidents(HAs) on the traumatic dental injuries(TDIs) of primary teeth. Furthermore, the secondary aim was to bring attention to the importance of preventive measures for HAs, especially in this pandemic period where children all over the world spend most of their time in their homes due to coronavirus(COVID-19) disease. Material and Methods:The records of the patients with TDIs of the primary teeth, aged 6 months-8 years, who applied to the xxxxxxxxxUniversity, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, between the years 2000¬2010 and yyyyyyyyUniversity, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, between the years 2012–2019 were investigated. Results:The sample consisted of 504 children that had TDIs to the primary teeth. The age range of the children was 1–8 years(3.5±1.8years old) and 37.3%(n=188) of the patients were girls and 62.7%(n=316) boys. The prevalence of the TDIs due to HAs was found to be 43.25%(n=218). A total of 380 teeth in the 218 patients who were found to have TDIs due to HAs were examined. The highest prevalence of traumatized children was in the age range 2-4 years(63.3%). Collisions with objects(45%) were found to be most common causes of dental trauma and the most common type of injury was found to be lateral luxation(35.8%). Conclusions:Measures to prevent HAs should primarily target preschool children, the riskiest group. Accidents can be largely prevented by taking simple precautions such as providing a safe environment for children's healthy mental and physical development at home. Key words: Home accidents, Dental trauma, Primary teeth,
Survival of Premature Babies with the Revolutionary Kangaroo Mother Care Technique at a Tertiary Care Center, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Bhambrho Bakhtiar Ahmed , Shar Nisar Ahmed , Mughal Amjad Ali , Imtiaz Farukh , Kumar Pardeep , Parveen Rabia
Published: December 2021

Background: Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is a resource-limited method for low-birth-weight babies that seeks to mitigate mortality rates by thermoregulation, breastfeeding assistance, and early hospital discharge. Methods: This study was carried out at GIMS hospital Khairpur Kangaroo Mother Care Unit at PAQSJIMS between August 2019 to September 2020. A total of hundred mothers and their infants were enrolled in the study. A non-probability convenience sampling technique was employed. A Questionnaire filled with the permission of admitted mother and primary data collected as per proforma i.e. date of admission, mother name, address, age, parity, gravida, date of delivery, place of delivery, Type of delivery, gestation at birth (weeks), birth weight, gender, Date of KMS admission, weight at KMC, discharge date of KMC, weight of Discharge KMC, status at the time of discharge and cause of death (if any). All mothers used KMC kits and the infant weight at admission and discharge were documented. Results: The average age (Figure 1) of mothers was recorded as 31.69 (20-40 years). The babies weight at the time of KMC unit admission was recorded as 0.7 – 1.8 grams and after 3-4 weeks admission the babies survived and gained weight recorded at time of discharge was 0.8 to 2.2 grams which showed that all mothers used kits properly, and all babies survived. Conclusions: All mothers were pleased to operate KMC kits. KMC is a very innovative technique to save the lives of premature newborns. This therapy emphasizes mothers for continuous skin-to-skin touch with infants, as well as wrapping the child in a warm blanket. The availability of space facilities and capacity building for health workers are therefore the fundamental requirements that must be funded by international aid agencies in order to scale up the initiative in these environments. Keywords: Neonatal survival, KMC, care, breastfeeding.
Incidence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Tunio Yar Muhammad , Farhad Ruqayya , Rashid Abdul , Ansari Najeeb Ullah , Chaudhary Sadia , Iqbal Waqas , Hassan Irfana , Jabbar Asifa Abdul
Published: December 2021

Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of different risk profiles and associated clinical parameters in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Gambat Institute Of Medical Sciences,Gambat District, Khairpur, between March 2019 to January 2020. A total of 345 patients participated in the study. Demographics, clinical features, investigations, and causative agents of NAFLD were noted in a document. Patients with raised ALT, fatty liver on imaging, aged between 18-75 years were a part of the study. Exclusion criteria included patients with overconsumption of alcohol, positive HBsAg, positive anti-HCV, and other underlying liver diseases with known origin. Patients’ blood samples were also tested for fasting blood sugar, random blood sugar, fasting cholesterol and fasting triglyceride levels.Levels of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol were measured with an autoanalyzer; Photometer 4010; Beohrnger Mannheim; using the enzymatic-calorimetric methods. All data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Results: The mean age of the patient was 48.4 ± 12.2 years and a mean body mass index of 30.2 The mean cholesterol was 199.4 ± 54.3 mg/dl. The majority i.e. > 60 percent were women with only 128 (37.1%) males (Table 1). The body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in female patients as compared to males (p<0.001). The males had a significantly greater frequency of traits for metabolic syndrome as compared to women i.e. 111 (86.7%) vs. 145 (66.8%) (p=0.02). Obesity in patients was also significantly associated with female gender. We found a significant relationship of hypercholesterolemia in patients with DMT2 (p=0.04). Similarly, the majority of the patients i.e. 55 (47%) with DMT2 also had hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.002). Conclusion: The present study indicated that female gender, obesity, and diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with NAFLD. NAFLD places a significant burden on the healthcare system and is associated with poor quality of life of patients. Metabolic syndrome is another leading association that needs to be explored in further detail. Recognition of high-risk profile patients can help establish early diagnosis and hence treatment plans can be implemented at an early stage of disease. Keywords: fatty liver, chronic liver disease, non-alcoholic liver disease, NAFLD, obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia
Influence of Smoking on The Location of Acute Myocardial Infarctions
Authors: Lakho Ahsan , Hassan Butt Muhammad , Khurshed Shaikh Javed , Hashim Kalwar Muhammad , Ali Gulzar , Ahmed Solangi Bashir , Achakzai Abdul Samad
Published: December 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of smokers and to compare the frequency of smokers among patients with inferior and anterior acute myocardial infarction amongst patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction at a Tertiary Care Hospital. Subjects And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 226 at the Adult Cardiology Department of the National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD), Karachi for six months from 20-07-2019 till 20-01-2020. After obtaining verbal consent, researchers prospectively collected data from the participants. The study included 226 patients who were diagnosed with the appropriate conditions. Frequency and percentages were used to present qualitative data, while mean and standard deviation were used to present quantitative data. To see how to effect modifiers affected the outcome, researchers used stratification to keep track of them. For statistical significance, the post-stratification chi-square test was used. Results: A total of 226 presenting with acute myocardial infarction were included in this study. The mean age in our study was 55.92±10.49 years. Out of 226 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 130 (57.5%) and 96 (42.5) smoked and did not smoke respectively. Comparison of smoking status in patients who had anterior and inferior myocardial infarction showed that 39 (53.4%) and 51 (51%) smoked respectively. Conclusion: Smoking is a well-recognized strong modifiable risk factor and predictor of multivessel disease. Smoking cessation has been consistently associated with a mortality benefit in both stable coronary artery disease and post-acute coronary syndromes. Consequently, smoking cessation is one of the cornerstones of secondary prevention despite the improvement in the management of ACS with PCI and pharmacotherapy Keywords: Smoking, coronary vessels, territory and ST elevated myocardial infarction.
Frequency of Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Mohammad Haleem Syed , Hashim Kalwar Muhammad , Hassan Butt Muhammad , Hasan Jehangir , Khurshed Shaikh Javed , Shah Jehangir Ali
Published: December 2021

Background: An increasing number of people around the world suffer from cardiovascular diseases such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF). Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been linked to poor prognosis in heart failure (HF) patients with mild to moderate LV dysfunction, and it is most prominent in these patients. Despite advancements in care and treatment options like catheter ablation, managing AF is still a therapeutic challenge even with these advances. Aim/Objective: To determine the frequency of atrial fibrillation in heart failure patients. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 246 patients at Adult Cardiology, NICVD, Karachi for Six months after approval from 31-08-2019 till 29-02-2020. Patients' consent was obtained verbally before data were collected prospectively. There were 246 patients with heart failure who had been diagnosed and met the diagnostic criteria. An overview of the event's history was gathered, as well as demographic data. Qualitative variables were presented as frequency and percentages, while quantitative data were given as simple descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation. A p-value of 0.05 or lower is considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 246 patients with heart failure were included in this study. The mean age in our study was 56.78±2.81 years. Whereas, mean BNP and ejection fraction in our study was 1144±87.81 pg./ml and 34.65±4.14 %. 136 (55.3%) were male and 110 (44.7%) were female. Out of 246 patients with heart failure, 52 (21.1%) had atrial fibrillation and 194 (78.9%) did not have atrial fibrillation. Conclusion: The results of this research demonstrated that a large percentage of heart failure patients had atrial fibrillation. Thus, it is essential to focus on a comprehensive way of management of heart failure and its comorbidities rather than primarily treating the cardiac symptoms. Keywords: Heart failure and atrial fibrillation.
Prevalence of Dry Eye Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and its Association with Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Shaikh Darikta Dargahi , Imdad Tehmina , Ali Safdar , Kalhoro Fayaz Ali , Shaikh Sajida Parveen , Surhio Waqas Ali
Published: December 2021

Objective: To determine the prevalence of dry eye disease in type 2 diabetic patients and its correlation with retinopathy Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Chandka Medical College & Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana, from 1st April 2021 to 30th September 2021. Consecutive 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) who attended outpatient department were included as per inclusion-exclusion criteria. Results: The patients were mostly female (58%) with a female-to-male ratio of 1.38:1. Most patients (43%) were under 50, followed by 51–60. (34 %). The overall mean age was 54.26 10.06. More than half (63%) of patients had diabetes for up to 5 years. The patients had a 42 percent frequency of DES. Mild, moderate, and severe dry eye were diagnosed in 21%, 16%, and 5% of individuals. Longevity and poor diabetes control exacerbated the disease. Conclusions: Type 2 DM patients' age, but not their gender, was found to be a significant predictor of DES. Dry eye was found to be more common among diabetics with poor control of their condition. In patients with type 2 diabetes, the age, but not the gender, was substantially linked to DES. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, Dry eye disease, Diabetic retinopathy, Meibomian gland dysfunction.
Effects of Novel Coronavirus 2019 Infection on Antenatal Hematological Parameters in Pregnant Women
Authors: . Monika , Mari Israt Saba , Maheshwari Monika , Shaikh Shahida , Shah Syed Qararo , Kumar Bharat
Published: December 2021

Background: Disturbance of haematological parameters is prevalent in pregnancy globally leading to a range of feto-maternal complications. Covid-19 infection has potential to enhance the severity of and complications impending due to anaemia in pregnancy. Objective: To determine the effects of Covid-19 infection on haematological parameters during antenatal care among pregnant women in rural Sindh. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Shaikh Zaid Institute, Chandka Medical College, Larkana. Duration: From March 1, 2021, and May 31, 2021. Materials and Method: A sample of 110 pregnant women, of 18-50 years of age, presenting in first through third trimester with single alive pregnancy, were included in the study after taking a valid written consent. The Research Evaluation Committee of SMBBMU- Larkana granted approval. Women having any haemoglobinopathy were excluded. Covid-19 test conducted through rt-PCR method. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data of two groups. Analysis was performed through SPSS Version-23. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated. Results: Mean ± SD age was 30.3 ± 6.99 (Range: 19 to 45) years. Both groups were identical in age. Mean ± SD gestational age was 28.12 ± 4.66 weeks (Range: 20-38). Covid-19 positive women had lower mean Hb (9.7 ± 2.11) than the covid-19 negative (10.54 ± 2.51; P = 0.158). Other haematological parameters like MCV, serum ferritin, TIBC, TLC & platelets were statistically different between groups. Women of eldest group i-e; in 41-50 years, from urban areas, second trimester (gest. age 13-24 weeks), and nulliparous had been affected more from covid-19 (P = 0.271, 0.748, 0.290 & 0.053). Frequency and severity of anaemia was more among Covid-19 positive women. Conclusion: Covid‐19 demands maternal healthcare to be extra vigilant to the haematological parameters of pregnant women during antenatal care till delivery. Keywords: Antenatal care, pregnancy, anaemia, haemoglobin, Covid‐19.
Perception of Faculty of their Role as Medical Facilitator
Authors: Nawaz Sobia , Razaq Nadeem , Sarfraz Farrukh , Sarfraz Fahad , Saif Ullah Muhammad , Masood Ayesha
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Over the past few decades integrated curricula has been presented in undergraduate medical education with an important point of producing competent doctors. In conventional teaching basic science subjects are taught in separation and no correlation exists between basic and clinical science subjects as well. British Medical School has been criticized within the report “Tomorrow’s Doctors: Suggestions on Undergraduate Medical Education”, for overburdening students with genuine information and recommendations emphasized that medical course ought to promote critical understanding of the core knowledge Health professions education is highly demanding and complex field. Integrated curriculum and modern instructional strategies demands the role of medical facilitator be revamp. These perceptions can be utilized to plan faculty development workshops to upgrade the mindfulness of the faculty about their educational responsibilities and accomplish their potential. Objective: To explore faculty perception regarding role of medical facilitator in a private sector medical college Material and Methods: Study design: Quantitative cross sectional Settings: Shahida Islam Medical & Dental College Lodhran Duration: Six months i.e. July 2020 to December 2020 Data Collection procedure: It was quantitative cross sectional study conducted on a private sector medical college. Pre validated questionnaire was used to measure the perception of faculty members as facilitation of medical undergraduate students. Results: A total number of 40 faculty members filled the questionnaire. Eight items questionnaire was used after giving consent from faculty members. In this study of 40 participants, 22 were males and 18 were females. Regarding faculty perception of their roles as medical facilitators 95% shown as information provider, 89% as role model, as resource provider and facilitation in and outside the class both 88%, as leader 87%, curriculum developer 86% and researcher as 82%. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Conclusion: The role of medical facilitator has extensive across the boundaries of information provider in facilitation of medical undergraduate students. The faculty of medical college shown their mindfulness about modern-day medical education and recognized the foremost important part of a medical facilitator to be not as it were an information provider but also an on-job role model and scholastic advisor to undergraduates. Key words: facilitator, faculty, perception, role model, medical
Evaluation of spatial memory and anti‐fatigue function of long‐term supplementation of β‐alanine and confirmation through cAMP‐PKA and apoptosis pathways in mice
Authors: Ma Yi‐Long , Yang Yang , Thakur Kiran , Cespedes‐Acuña Carlos L. , Zhang Jian‐Guo , Wei Zhao‐Jun
Published: December 2021

With an aim to explore the effects of β‐alanine (β‐A) on spatial memory and fatigue resistance, Kunming mice were treated with different concentrations of β‐A (418, 836, and 2090 mg·kg‐1 ·day‐1). After gavage feeding with β‐A for 10 weeks, results of the maze and MWM tests showed that β‐A can enhance spatial learning and memory in mice. After evaluating the fatigue resistance, biochemical parameters (LG, GG, BUN, SOD, and MDA) showed significant differences in the low concentration treatment group compared to control group. Our data demonstrated that the appropriate dose of β‐A can alleviate the oxidative stress and muscle fatigue in mice. Subsequently, expression of mRNA of key genes involved in cAMP‐PKA pathway (PDE4A, MAPK1, adcy1, cAMP and CREB) was up regulated. Also, expression levels of apoptotic pathway genes were significantly affected as confirmed by qPCR and Western blotting. Our results demonstrated that β‐A can enhance spatial learning and memory in mice via regulation of cAMP‐PKA and apoptotic pathway.
Our American Nightmare: The Anachronistic Disaster of the Electoral College
Authors: Durdag Sofia
Published: December 2021

Each year the Margaret Chase Smith Library sponsors an essay contest for high school seniors. The essay prompt for 2021 asked students to offer their opinions on whether the Electoral College has outlived its usefulness, or if it is more important than ever given the country’s current deep political polarization. This is the first-place essay.
Honduras y el final de una epopeya de 200 años
Authors: Bueso Juan José
Published: December 2021

En el capítulo final la luna oculta al sol en un eclipse total. Honduras queda en tinieblas y los ciudadanos entran en un estado de profunda hipnosis. Los dioses precolombinos olvidados en el tiempo ofrecen al pueblo un último regalo: el don de la introspección. El alma colectiva de los hondureños indaga en su pasado remoto. Ven a un campesino maya sembrar la tierra. Luego a un aborigen cargado de mercancías que se desliza en una canoa. Observan a los hombres blancos de ojos claros que arriban a las islas y costas del país. Miran a los verdugos europeos apoderarse de sus vidas, de sus tierras y riquezas, ven a sus compañeras violadas y a sus caciques decapitados. Ven a sus dioses y cultura arder y a una nueva deidad alzarse junto a su comitiva de santos. En un minuto de introspección sienten el dolor de siglos de penurias. Un grito de libertad comienza a escucharse y la corona española no lo puede callar. Observan a un sabio inclinado frente a libros. El sabio afirma que los indios representan la mayor parte de la población y que es imposible que la patria sea feliz si la mayoría de ellos sufren. El grito de independencia es escuchado hasta en el último rincón. La figura de un hombre se alza en medio de una sangrienta batalla.
El Constituyente de 1811 en la Honduras Bicentenaria
Authors: Rodríguez Reinoso Oswaldo Antonio
Published: December 2021

No fue menor mi sorpresa al encontrarme frente a frente, aunque de manera virtual, con el Constituyente de 1811 en Honduras. Jamás lo hubiese imaginado, y menos aún cuando este hermano país en el que ahora resido, arriba a dos centurias de independencia junto al resto de las naciones centroamericanas. El encuentro lo propicia un recurso didáctico audiovisual de la clase Historia de Honduras que curso actualmente como estudiante de psicología en CEUTEC. Este recurso didáctico sirve de apoyo para explicar el tema relacionado al proceso de independencia en Centroamérica, cuyo marco referencial, menciona, es la independencia de México. La explicación en audio es acompañada de una imagen: El Constituyente de 1811. Lastimosamente, esta imagen no tiene nada que ver ni con la independencia centroamericana ni con la mexicana. Puede que el lector tenga a este punto en su mente al menos dos interrogantes: ¿Qué es el Constituyente de 1811? y ¿qué tiene que ver con la historia de Honduras y Centroamérica? Pues bien, estimado lector, para la primera pregunta le ofreceré una respuesta con el mejor argumento que pueda, pero sepa usted que, para la segunda, tengo por respuestas muchas más preguntas. Pido su comprensión por anticipado y aspiro que acepte en reparo, al final de este artículo, mi invitación a contestar tales preguntas.
Análisis coyuntural de las ZEDES y el bicentenario de independencia de Honduras: el nuevo modelo de colonización
Authors: Servellon Castellanos Diana Yenifer
Published: December 2021

El presente análisis, aborda elementos de estudio y debate sobre la creación de las Zonas de empleo y desarrollo (ZEDES) en Honduras visto desde una perspectiva territorial y jurídica, comparando el modelo de colonizaje español y la nueva forma de colonizaje de las elites de poder en Honduras en la época contemporánea. En ese sentido se presentan las formas en que se han establecido las violaciones a los derechos de las comunidades históricamente y las prácticas de discriminación y exclusión hacia la población hondureña en el marco de 200 años de independencia nacional en el marco jurídico. Un importante enfoque que devela el sometimiento, las prácticas políticas, la falta de garantías jurídicas, la violentacion de derechos humanos y la perpetuación de la impunidad disfrazada de un modelo económico.
O CONTRIBUTO DAS MISSÕES PROTESTANTES E DO TOKOISMO NA LIBERTAÇÃO DE ANGOLA
Authors: Gime Luís João Baptista
Published: December 2021

A implantação missionária protestante em Angola ocorre nos finais do século xix. A sua maioria, congregacionista, segue a autonomia doutrinal da Reforma e instala-se por força dos acordos internacionais no território. Diferentemente da Igreja Católica, que acompanha a presença expansionista portuguesa desde o século xvi, as igrejas protestantes motivam desconfiança às autoridades portuguesas. As críticas proferidas em relação às políticas coloniais levam a que muitas das suas instalações sejam encerradas, sobretudo, no decurso dos acontecimentos políticos de Angola, em 1961. A mesma sorte tem o movimento profético-salvífico tokoista que, decorrendo do cristianismo (católico e protestante), pretendeu substituir os valores do colonizador utilizando-os para o melhoramento do contexto social das populações locais. Isto é, pretendeu africanizar os valores advindos com a colonização quer fossem religiosos ou socioculturais podendo assim mobilizar as populações angolanas para a resistência e na crença da libertação. Este estudo, no quadro da colonização portuguesa em Angola, destaca o papel das missões protestantes e do movimento de Simão Toko no despertar político das elites locais feito conseguido com a proclamação da independência nacional de Angola no ano de 1975. Sublinha-se, pois, que o desempenho destas missões, e também do tokoismo, nos domínios da educação, instrução, saúde no seio das comunidades locais embate contra as políticas das autoridades governamentais.
A LAICIDADE NO BRASIL E A TEOLOGIA PÚBLICA
Authors: Janene Karigyo Michele , Gonçalves Alonso , De Magalhães Corrêa Campos Paula , De Farias Machado Ilo Rodrigo
Published: December 2021

O Brasil se formata como um Estado que apesar do advento da secularização, não deixou as questões referentes à religião distantes do ambiente público. Ao contrário, o Brasil possui uma laicidade singular, de modo que as linguagens da fé estão presentes no espaço público e institucional, o que pode conduzir para o diálogo entre a diversidade de vozes que operam na sociedade. É nesse ambiente plural e laico, com vistas a um diálogo proveitoso e enriquecedor para a vida, que a Teologia Pública se constitui no território brasileiro, buscando construir pontes que propiciem de modo intencional, pedagógico e autêntico, a construção de uma convivência respeitosa na diversidade.
A DIVINDADE COMO PERSONAGEM: NARRATIVAS TESTEMUNHAIS EM SANTUÁRIOS CATÓLICOS (2012-2013)
Authors: Dos Santos Jael
Published: December 2021

A partir de fontes orais produzidas em momentos de ritualização religiosa, o presente texto tem por finalidade refletir sobre algumas estratégias narrativas tendo em conta a noção de “testemunho". No caso, serão problematizadas entrevistas curtas que foram gravadas nos anos de 2012 e 2013 em santuários católicos existentes na região Sudoeste do Paraná. Tendo em vista que foram proferidas para verbalizar os pormenores do “pagamento de promessas” e o exercício do fervor religioso, será pensado o modo como tais falas mobilizam um campo semântico socialmente constituído que posiciona a divindade junto aos fluxos próprios da vida cotidiana.
Optimalisasi Pelaksanaan Metode SBAR dalam Meningkatkan Komunikasi Efektif Di Ruang P RS X Jakarta
Authors: Sarwili Indri , Afrina Rina , Suryadi Bambang
Published: December 2021

Latar Belakang: Hasil pengkajian mengidentifikasi adanya kendala dalam pelaksanaan metode SBAR dalam komunikasi ri ruang rawat inap sehingga berdampak pada penurunan pelayana keperawatan. Tujuan: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi akar penyebab masalah yang ditemukan dan menemukan inovasi sebagai landasan perubahan dalam area rumah sakit. Metode: Penulis menggunakan metode studi kasus. Hasil: Pelaksanaan komunikasi SBAR belum menjadi budaya dalam keseharian komunikasi intern perawat ataupun tatalaksana antar perawat dan professional pemberi asuhan lain. Kesimpulan: sosialisasi pelaksanaan komunikasi metode SBAR serta penyampaian hal yang penting yang harus ditindak lanjuti oleh perawat berikutnya dalam komunikasi efektif dapat mengoptimalkan implementasi asuhan keperawatan.
Hubungan Persepsi, Pengaruh Teman Sebaya dan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Perilaku Merokok Remaja Laki-Laki
Authors: Sholihah Hanifah , Novita Astrid
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Smoking behavior in adolescents in Indonesia increased, in 2013 (7.9%), in 2016 (8.8%) and 2018 (9.1). Bogor regency became the location with the highest rate of teen smoking than West Java Province. The high prevalence of smokers in adolescents is influenced by perception, peer influence and family support.

Objectives: The study aims to find out the relationship of perception, peer influence and family support with male adolescent smoking behavior.Method: This research method is quantitative using cross sectional design. The subject of this study was a male teenage smoker in Bogor Regency, sampling techniques using purposive sampling of as many as 100 respondents. Data analysis is conducted univariate and bivariate with chi square test.

Result: Based on statistical tests, there are two variables that show a relationship i.e. perception (Pv = 0.005 and OR=3,431), peer influence obtained (Pv = 0.001 and OR=4,524 ), while there is one variable that indicates no relationship i.e. family support (Pv = 0.694), with male adolescent smoking behavior in Bogor Regency. Conclution: It is expected to be expected to promote health promotion related to the dangers of cigarettes, but use social media and work with influencers, as well as create a family empowerment concept teen smoker prevention program to prevent the initiation of smoking behavior. It aims to lower the number of teen smokers in Bogor Regency.
The editor's page
Authors: Psomopoulos P.
Published: December 2021

As a documentation and communication vehicle - part of a broader effort of the Athens Center of Ekistics (ACE) to contribute to the development of a sound approach to the field of Human Settlements - Ekistics makes itself available as a free forum for the exposure of ideas and experiences from anywhere to everywhere, provided they are relevant and transferable. In this effort, writings of members of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE) have quite frequently been considered and published in Ekistics. How could our attitude be different in cases of collective efforts of the WSE such as its meetings last year in Berlin (24-28 October, 2001) with the title "Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century"? Actually, we have reported on such events on various occasions in the past, the most recent being in vol. 64, no. 385/386/387, July/August-Sept./Oct.-Nov./Dec.1997 and vol. 65, no. 388/389/390, Jan./Feb.-Mar./Apr.-May/June 1998 on "Mega-Cities ...and Mega-City Regions", a conference of which the WSE was a co-sponsor together with Tsinghua University, Beijing, China and the University of British Columbia, Canada.
Part 2: Nature
Authors: Of Ekistics Athens Center
Published: December 2021

This is Part 2: Nature of vol. 69, no. 412-414.
Towards ecological urban restructuring: A challenging new eco-cultural approach
Authors: Hahn Ekhart
Published: December 2021

The author is Professor at the Faculty for Spatial Planning, University of Dortmund. In the 1980s he developed the 'Theory and Concept of Action on Ecological Urban Restructuring" at the Wissenschafts-zentrum Berlin. Parallel to his research work he directed several model projects on ecological urban restructuring in Berlin and in other cities. The projects ranged from experimental eco-houses, pilot projects on the ecological restructuring of neighborhoods and urban districts, up to model projects on the ecological revitalization of urban-rural development. Besides the University of Dortmund he teaches as guest professor at the University of Aalborg, Denmark, and has received invitations for lectures and guest professorships at several other universities in various countries. Since 2001 he has been a member of the World Society of Ekistics (WSE). The text that follows is an expanded version of a paper presented at the WSE Symposion"Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001.
Part 4: Society
Authors: Of Ekistics Athens Center
Published: December 2021

This is the introduction to Part 4 of the current issue, vol. 69, no. 412-414.
Social sustainability of large cities Social sustainability of large cities
Authors: Enyedi György
Published: December 2021

The author is a member and former Vice President of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and a member of Academia Europaea (London) as well as of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE). He is a leader of the UNESCO/MOST Project on Socially Sustainable Cities. The text that follows is a slightly edited and revised version of a paper presented at the WSE Symposion "Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001.
Ekistic grid index
Authors: Of Ekistics Athens Center
Published: December 2021

This is the ekistic grid index for the current issue.
Back Matter
Authors: Of Ekistics Athens Center
Published: December 2021

This is the back matter of the current issue.
A Pan-European, competitive public transport system
Authors: Dahlström Kjell
Published: December 2021

The author is Director-General of the Swedish National Public Transport Agency which coordinates and procures interregional public transport throughout the country. He is a member of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE). His professional and political career is described in the following article which is a slightly edited and revised version of a paper presented at the WSE Symposion "Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001.