bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PET Imaging and Neurohistochemistry Reveal that Curcumin Attenuates Brain Hypometabolism and Hippocampal Damage Induced by Status Epilepticus in Rats
Authors: Slowing Karla , Gomez Francisca , Delgado Mercedes , Fernández de la Rosa Rubén , Hernández-Martín Nira , Pozo Miguel Ángel , García-García Luis
Published: September 2022

Numerous preclinical studies provide evidence that curcumin, a polyphenolic phytochemical extracted from Curcuma longa (turmeric) has neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and
antioxidant properties against various neurological disorders. Curcumin neuroprotective effects have been reported in different animal models of epilepsy, but its potential effect
attenuating brain glucose hypometabolism, considered as an early marker of epileptogenesis that occurs during the silent period following status epilepticus (SE), still has not been
addressed. To this end, we used the lithium-pilocarpine rat model to induce SE. Curcumin was administered orally (300 mg/kg/day, for 17 days). Brain glucose metabolism was evaluated in
vivo by 2-deoxy-2-[18F]Fluoro-D-Glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). In addition, hippocampal integrity, neurodegeneration, microglia-mediated
neuroinflammation, and reactive astrogliosis were evaluated as markers of brain damage. SE resulted in brain glucose hypometabolism accompanied by body weight (BW) loss, hippocampal neuronal
damage, and neuroinflammation. Curcumin did not reduce the latency time to the SE onset, nor the mortality rate associated with SE. Nevertheless, it reduced the number of seizures, and in
the surviving rats, curcumin protected BW and attenuated the short-term glucose brain hypometabolism as well as the signs of neuronal damage and neuroinflammation induced by the SE. Overall,
our results support the potential adaptogen-like effects of curcumin attenuating key features of SE-induced brain damage.
Synthesis of Lincosamide Analogues via Oxime Resin Aminolysis
Authors: Giguère Denis , Tremblay Thomas , Haguette Pénélope , Robert-Scott Gabrielle , Alcée Jessica B. , Bérubé Christopher , Bergeron Catherine , Voyer Normand
Published: September 2022

In this work, the synthetic development of an oxime resin aminolysis to lincosamide analogues is described. This synthetic endeavor hinges on a protecting-group-free strategy of the amino sugar nucleophiles. The cleavage from the solid support is achieved under mild conditions in a buffer solution and allows the preparation of a wide diversity of amino acid moieties onto glycosylamine scaffolds. The strategy is further exploited using methylthiolincosamine to generate rapidly complex lincomycin analogues. The results pave the way to access efficiently novel potentially relevant antibacterial compounds.
Plugging the Unplugged: Simultaneous Percutaneous Closure of Anterior Mitral Leaflet and Aortic Root Perforation
Authors: Nanda Chinmaya , Banerjee Sudipto , Mehta Yatin
Published: September 2022

There are very few case reports of percutaneous device closure of anterior mitral leaflet perforation. We describe here a case of simultaneous percutaneous closure of aortic root perforation and anterior mitral perforation. These cases are challenging as they are presently done in high-risk patients with no guidelines described to date.
Splenic Artery Pseudoaneurysm—A Concern for the Anesthesiologist
Authors: Singh Ankita , Makhija Neeti , Somani Shruti , Verma Mansi , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: September 2022

Pseudoaneurysms as compared with aneurysms lack a true wall and have a higher propensity of rupture. Visceral artery pseudoaneurysms are uncommon and are life-threatening. We, hereby, report anesthetic management of a rare case of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm that accompanied the dilatation of aorta from its origin extending up to its bifurcation.
The Importance of TEE Examination in Patients with Pseudoaneurysm of Arch of Aorta Post-TEVAR Procedure
Authors: Mital Tanya , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra
Published: September 2022

A 57-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with acute onset severe and tearing pain in the back. He was a chronic smoker and was a known hypertensive. He was admitted in view of type B aortic dissection with entry tear distal to left subclavian artery (LSCA) and underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) procedure for the same. Two stents (34–30–200mm size, Ankura, Lifetech, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China) were placed overlapping each other to cover the dissection flap starting from distal end of left common carotid artery to proximal part of celiac artery. Post-stenting, patient developed recurrent episodes of melena, abdominal distension, and fever that were managed conservatively. Two months later, a routine follow-up computed tomographic aortic angiography revealed a focal contrast filled outpouching (2.1*1.9cm) extending from the proximal part of endovascular stent with surrounding thrombosis from anterior wall of the aortic arch. On inspecting the arch vessels, an ostial occlusion of LSCA was also discovered. Routine blood investigations were all within normal limits. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed a normal biventricular function with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. All valves were normal.
Does Preoperative Plasma Endothelin-1 Level Influences the Postoperative Events in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)? Revisiting Endothelin-1 Molecule in CABG Patients
Authors: Choudhury Minati , Hote Milind , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra , Saini Savita , Kiran Usha
Published: September 2022

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a powerful physiological vasoconstrictor release in response to endothelial injury. Increased synthesis of endothelin is associated with myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. The normal level varies between 0.2 and 18.5 pg/mL that maintains normal vascular homeostasis. We hypothesized that there exists a correlation between ET-1 and clinical outcome in patient undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass.

Fifty-eight patients undergoing elective on-pump CABG were enrolled in the study. Blood sample for plasma ET-1 was taken before anesthesia induction. The median ET-1 level was 5 pg/mL (range: 0.6–30.33 pg/mL). The inotropic and intraaortic balloon pump requirement was significantly higher among patients having baseline ET-1 level more than 14.24pg/mL (p = 0.001in each case). A similar finding was observed in the duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit stay, and duration of hospital stay (r = 0.68, p = 0.000; r = 0.58, p = 0.000; and r = 0.61, p = 0.000 respectively). The occurrence of complications was also more in individuals with higher baseline ET-1 level. The p-value was significant for occurrence infection, arrhythmia, renal and respiratory problems as observed in postoperative period by using Mann–Whitney U test.

This study concludes that higher level of preoperative ET-1 levels correlates well to adverse clinical outcome in patients undergoing on-pump CABG surgery, so herein it can be used as a single independent parameter to predict postoperative outcome.
Echocardiography for Left Ventricular Assist Device Patients
Authors: Menon Priya , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra , Choudhury Minati
Published: September 2022

Heart transplantation is the only cure for patients with end-stage heart failure; the shortage of donors has led to a high mortality rate among these patients. A left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is a device to provide mechanical circulatory support for patients unresponsive to heart failure therapy. Echocardiography should be considered an indispensable tool in the evaluation of patients with an LVAD. In fact, as outlined in this review, it provides useful and readily available information that could be crucial for the patient's survival. In the preoperative assessment, it is important to detect through echocardiography conditions and parameters that could hint the development of a postoperative complication, in order to treat them before LVAD implant or to consider the patient ineligible to this advanced treatment.
Pathophysiology and Management of Hypercoagulation in Infectious Diseases
Authors: Tandayam Abhishek , Syed Mujtaba Hussain Naqvi , Kumar Gaurav
Published: September 2022

Numerous systemic infections may have hypercoagulation as one of the complications, which may range from asymptomatic presentation of elevation of biochemical markers of coagulation such as that of fibrin and thrombin generation, to a much severe, symptomatic, life-threatening, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which results in the formation of thrombi in the microvasculature of various organs. This phenomenon contributes to increase in morbidity and mortality in various infectious diseases. The current review discusses various mechanisms of hypercoagulation during infections such as tissue factor activation, endothelial cell activation, inhibition of physiological anticoagulant pathways, and fibrinolysis inhibition. The review also discusses pathophysiological changes in the coagulation system and its management in the recent pandemic of COVID-19. The article also discusses role of various parenteral and oral anticoagulants in the management of infectious diseases. The review provides clinical data on various anticoagulants used during hospitalization and extended prophylaxis for the management of venous thromboembolism in various infections.

Methodology Because this is a review of published literature and no humans or animals were involved, ethical committee approval was not required and patient consent was not required.
Turning solar energy into Hydrogen with cuprous oxide
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: September 2022

Cuprous oxide photocathode application in solar water splitting reviewed.
Mapping the power-law decay of high-harmonic spectra from few-cycle laser–solid interactions
Authors: Bhadoria Shikha , Blackburn Thomas , Gonoskov Arkady , Marklund Mattias
Published: September 2022

Visible or near infrared light can be manipulated to produce bursts of coherent extreme ultraviolet or x rays via the relativistic high-order harmonic generation process when a laser irradiates a solid plasma target. The intensity of the spectral components of the reflected signal decays with the increase in harmonic order and the efficiency of this non-linear process largely hinges on how prompt this decay is. This is governed by the conditions of the laser–plasma interaction for which various models have been proposed. At relativistic intensities, a spectrum exhibiting a power-law decay with an exponent of 8/3 or 4/3 is often stated. Here, we analyze the dependence of this exponent on interaction parameters, including the angle of incidence, the carrier envelope phase, intensity of the laser, and the pre-plasma length, and discuss opportunities for optimization. Our simulations show that, rather than there being one universal exponent, the spectral decay is a continuous function of the laser–plasma interaction parameters.
Photonic circuits for laser stabilization with integrated ultra-high Q and Brillouin laser resonators
Authors: Liu Kaikai , Dallyn John H. , Brodnik Grant M. , Isichenko Andrei , Harrington Mark W. , Chauhan Nitesh , Bose Debapam , Morton Paul A. , Papp Scott B. , Behunin Ryan O. , Blumenthal Daniel J.
Published: September 2022

The integration of stabilized lasers, sources that generate spectrally pure light, will provide compact, low-cost solutions for applications including quantum information sciences, precision navigation and timing, metrology, and high-capacity fiber communications. We report a significant advancement in this field, demonstrating stabilization of an integrated waveguide Brillouin laser to an integrated waveguide reference cavity, where both resonators are fabricated using the same CMOS-compatible integration platform. We demonstrate reduction of the free running Brillouin laser linewidth to a 292 Hz integral linewidth and carrier stabilization to a 4.9 × 10−13 fractional frequency at 8 ms reaching the cavity-intrinsic thermorefractive noise limit for frequencies down to 80 Hz. We achieve this level of performance using a pair of 56.4 × 106 quality factor Si3N4 waveguide ring-resonators that reduce the high-frequency noise by the nonlinear Brillouin process and the low-frequency noise by Pound–Drever–Hall locking to the ultra-low loss resonator. These results represent an important step toward integrated stabilized lasers with reduced sensitivity to environmental disturbances for atomic, molecular, and optical physics (AMO), quantum information processing and sensing, and other precision scientific, sensing, and communications applications.
Experimental research on a diode packaged with a compact and lightweight permanent magnet
Authors: He Yufang , Ling Junpu , He Juntao , Wang Lei , Song Lili
Published: September 2022

In order to make the high-power microwave sources packaged with a permanent magnet more compact and miniaturized, we design a novel compact and lightweight permanent magnet package based on a C-band coaxial transit time oscillator. Before conducting the microwave generation experiment, research on the emission and transmission is carried out. In the beam transmission experiment, when the compact and lightweight permanent magnet is applied, the transmission efficiency in the diode is only 68.1%, while a phenomenon of side emission of electron beams is observed. When a solenoid is used, no side emission occurs. We theoretically analyze this experimental phenomenon and conclude that the radial magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet aggravates the side emission on the surface of a cathode holder. To solve this problem, a novel diode with a gradient cathode holder is proposed. In the beam transmission experiment using the compact and lightweight permanent magnet, this diode can suppress the side emission of electron beams, and the transmission efficiency in the diode is increased to 80.7%. The potential of the diode proved to work efficiently with this permanent magnet package, laying the foundation for the experimental research of microwave generation with this permanent magnet.
Gas puff imaging system for edge plasma fluctuation measurements in large helical device
Authors: Kobayashi M. , Ohdachi S. , Xu Y. , Li W. , Shimizu A. , Cheng J.
Published: September 2022

A gas puff imaging system has been developed to measure edge fluctuations in large helical device. The optical system splits the image of the plasma into four wavelengths, Hα/Dα (656 nm), HeI (1s2p–1s3d; 587.6; 1s2p–1s3d, 667.8; and 1s2p–1s3s, 706.5 nm), enabling simultaneous measurement of the spatial distribution of line ratios of He I. The image of the plasma is amplified with an image intensifier and recorded with a fast-framing camera. The measurement area has a diameter of 20 cm just outside of the last closed flux surface. The spatial resolution of the optical system is about 3 mm, and the frame rate is 100 kHz for acquisition of the four wavelength images. Signal-to-noise ratio is evaluated for the system, and further improvement is discussed. Clear images are obtained for all wavelengths and a slightly different pattern is recognized, depending on the wavelength. A singular value decomposition analysis can decompose the image clearly to one perpendicular and parallel to the magnetic field lines.
On the prediction of noise generated by urban air mobility (UAM) vehicles. II. Implementation of the Farassat F1A formulation into a modern surface-vorticity panel solver
Authors: Ahuja Vivek , Little Daniel S. , Majdalani Joseph , Hartfield Roy J.
Published: September 2022

This study focuses on the integration of established acoustic prediction techniques directly into a surface-vorticity solver. The main objective is to enhance an aircraft designer's ability to characterize the acoustic signatures generated by urban air mobility (UAM) vehicles, in general, and distributed electric propulsion (DEP) concepts, in particular, including unmanned aerial vehicles. Our solver consists of a reliable, surface-vorticity panel code that incorporates viscous boundary-layer corrections. Thus, it offers a computationally efficient commercial tool for conceptual design and preliminary aerodynamic analysis. By implementing the Farassat F1A acoustics formulation directly into the solver, a new intuitive capability is achieved, which is both conversive with modern engineering tools and efficient in setup and speed of execution. In addition to its application to the X-57 high-lift propeller and the Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technology Tiltwing electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) vehicle by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, this capability is systematically demonstrated using three particular case studies. These consist of both single- and six-propeller Joby S4 eVTOL as well as a small eight-propeller Kittyhawk KH-H1 DEP vehicle. Although the details of this tool and underlying equations are showcased in this article, the acoustic metrics that can be effectively used to characterize the noise level generated by a UAM in flight are described in a companion article. By embedding this assortment of insightful metrics into a simple and user-friendly flow solver, a much improved flow-acoustic analysis capability is thereby provided to support the design of future aircraft.
Can the Hartree–Fock kinetic energy exceed the exact kinetic energy?
Authors: Crisostomo S. , Levy M. , Burke K.
Published: September 2022

The Hartree–Fock (HF) approximation has been an important tool for quantum-chemical calculations since its earliest appearance in the late 1920s and remains the starting point of most single-reference methods in use today. Intuition suggests that the HF kinetic energy should not exceed the exact kinetic energy; but no proof of this conjecture exists, despite a near century of development. Beginning from a generalized virial theorem derived from scaling considerations, we derive a general expression for the kinetic energy difference that applies to all systems. For any atom or ion, this trivially reduces to the well-known result that the total energy is the negative of the kinetic energy and, since correlation energies are never positive, proves the conjecture in this case. Similar considerations apply to molecules at their equilibrium bond lengths. We use highly precise calculations on Hooke’s atom (two electrons in a parabolic well) to test the conjecture in a nontrivial case and to parameterize the difference between density functional and HF quantities, but find no violations of the conjecture.
Direct numerical simulation of supersonic bump flow with shock impingement
Authors: Lai Jiang , Fan Zhaolin , Dong Siwei , Li Xinliang , Tong Fulin , Yuan Xianxu
Published: September 2022

Direct numerical simulations are carried out to identify the effects of shock impingement on the behavior of bump flow at freestream Mach number of 2.25. Two cosine-shaped bump cases, with and without an impinging oblique shock at an angle of 33.2°, are compared. The shock impingement exhibits a remarkable influence on the pattern of the shock system and on the size of the separation region. A spectral analysis finds that low-frequency unsteadiness is significantly enhanced by the impingement interaction, and the proper orthogonal decomposition highlights the low-frequency breathing motion of the separation bubble, which is accurately reconstructed using only the first ten low-order modes. Downstream of the bump, both the Reynolds stress components and the turbulence kinetic energy exhibit a general amplification, with the peaks reoccurring at outer wall-normal locations. A turbulent kinetic energy budget analysis shows the greatly increased production in the outer layer which is balanced by turbulent transport and dissipation. An anisotropy-invariant map analysis identifies enhanced isotropic turbulence in the vicinity of the bump, which is qualitatively modified into a two-component axisymmetric state around the reattachment point. In addition, the mean skin friction decomposition suggests that the shock impingement has little influence on the predominant contribution of turbulence kinetic energy production, apart from the spatial growth dominance at the bump summit in the absence of the impinging shock. Interestingly, a scale-decomposed analysis quantitatively demonstrates that the contributions of small-scale structures are attenuated, but those of large-scale ones are relatively increased, with a contribution of more than 80% with shock impingement.
Opto-mechanical expulsion of individual micro-particles by laser-induced shockwave in air
Authors: Schroeder M. C. , Andral U. , Wolf J.-P.
Published: September 2022

It was recently demonstrated that laser filamentation was able to generate an optically transparent channel through clouds and fog for free-space optical communications applications. However, no quantitative measurement of the interaction between the laser-induced shockwave and the aerosol particles has been carried out so far, leaving the precise nature of the clearing mechanism up for discussion. A critical question was the maximum distance at which the filament could still act on the aerosol particle. Distances widely exceeding the filament diameter and its energy reservoir exclude other potential clearing effects like shattering or explosion by direct exposure to the laser. Here, we quantify the force exerted by the shockwave on a single aerosol microparticle. The force is measured by observing the ejection and displacement of the particle when trapped in an optical tweezer. We demonstrate that even for distances ranging from 1.5 to 5.5 mm away from the filament, thus widely exceeding the filamentary region, an acoustic force of 500 pN to 8 nN (depending on the initial laser power) acts on the aerosol particle and expels it away from the optical trap.
Bi-exponential decay model of electron in Al2O3/Au NCs/Al2O3 structure
Authors: Choi Jinhyeok , Park Jinhong , Park Sang Hyeok , Park Yong Jun , Lee Jeongwan , Murillo Gonzalo , Kim Misuk , Lee Kyu-Tae , Lee Minbaek
Published: September 2022

As state-of-the-art electronic chips were miniaturized to its limit, many small dimension issues, such as crosstalk noise, parasite capacitance, and tunneling of charges, emerged. Studying such issues shall be of interest to the research and industry field. Here, we studied the electrical behavior of electrons injected in an array of nanostructures embedded on Al2O3 dielectrics. Our multi-stack device comprised Au nanoclusters, tunneling and blocking Al2O3 oxide layers, and a Si substrate. The electrons were injected by applying a bias at the top of the atomic force microscopy tip in contact while grounding the Si substrate. Its retention and diffusion behaviors were observed by measuring the contact potential difference (CPD). The measured CPD data with time were well fitted to the bi-exponential function, which had two time constants τ1 and τ2. It indicated that at least two dominant tunneling mechanisms existed, so it was confirmed with I–V measurement using a simple tunneling device (Pt/Al2O3/Si structure). This work may provide a tool for analysis of charge transportation in a miniaturized nanostructure.
Atomic-scale insight into the tetragonal platelets correlated with the antiferroelectricity in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-based materials
Authors: Liu Hai , Luo Haosu , Zhu Jing
Published: September 2022

The structural origin of antiferroelectric (AFE)-like double P–E loops near the depolarization temperature in lead-free Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT)-based materials remains elusive despite decades of study. Here, temperature-dependent ferroelectric properties, Raman spectra, and advanced electron microscopy reveal that the AFE-like behavior in Mn: NBT single crystals is strongly related to the tetragonal phase. The tetragonal platelets oriented along three principle directions of the pseudo-cubic cell with the typical thickness of 1–2-unit cells were visualized at the atomic scale. Special AFE-like dipoles were formed by two antiparallel-polarized tetragonal platelets with a thickness of 2-unit cells, which are separated by a thin non-polar and tilt-free transition layer. Such locally structural components vary in both volume and/or size to a certain extent as changing temperature, chemical composition, and external electric field, phenomenologically showing AFE characteristics. Our study provides the decisive atomic-scale information of tetragonal platelets and establishes a hitherto unobserved AFE-like structure existing in the NBT-based materials.
Study of low-temperature sol–gel processed In-doped ZnO for organic photovoltaics
Authors: Kim Jaehoon
Published: September 2022

This article studies low-temperature sol–gel processed indium (In)-doped ZnO (IZO) for highly efficient organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Contrary to the prior research trends adopting doped sol–gel processed ZnO with an annealing temperature of over 400 °C for the hydrolysis reaction, IZO with an annealing temperature of 200 °C is studied. Similar to the high-temperature solvent system, it is elucidated that low-temperature sol–gel processed IZO effectively improves the performance of OPVs, increasing the power conversion efficiency from 6.80% to 7.35%. For further analyses, the current–voltage (J–V) characteristics and ideality factors (n) are examined as a function of In doping ratios, which revealed that In doping on ZnO effectively reduces trap-assisted recombination within devices.
Experimental and theoretical studies on heavy fluid layers with reshock
Authors: Cong Zhouyang , Guo Xu , Si Ting , Luo Xisheng
Published: September 2022

The Richtmyer–Meshkov instability of a heavy fluid layer with reshock is investigated experimentally and theoretically, to reveal the mechanisms of the interfacial instabilities and motions of waves and interfaces under reshock conditions. Three kinds of heavy fluid layers with different thicknesses in unperturbed and perturbed cases are considered, highlighting the effects of initial layer thickness on the interface evolution. A general one-dimensional theory for describing the interaction between unperturbed interfaces and waves under reshock conditions is constructed, which supports the instability analysis and theoretical modeling in the perturbed cases. The perturbed fluid-layer results indicate that as the fluid-layer thickness decreases, the inhibition of squeezing effects on perturbation growth is gradually stronger than the promotion of rarefaction-wave effects on perturbation growth. The whole mixing width of fluid layers after reshock acceleration exhibits an approximately linear growth feature, and the reshocked mixing width growth rate is weakly dependent on the initial layer thickness, which is different from the finding before reshock. The linear amplitude growth of the right interface after reshock is promoted by the interface coupling effects but is still smaller than the prediction of the empirical linear model. When the squeezing effects are weak, the nonlinear model, which considers the modification of rarefaction-wave effects, can well predict the perturbation growth during and after the acceleration stage of rarefaction waves.
“Turbulent/non-turbulent interface” in a low-Reynolds-number transitional boundary layer over a multi-element airfoil
Authors: Long Yanguang , Wang Jiangsheng , Wang Jinjun
Published: September 2022

Akin to the turbulent/non-turbulent interface, which envelops a fully developed turbulence, the iso-vorticity interface that separates the irrotational fluids from the free stream is investigated in a transitional boundary layer over a multi-element airfoil. Geometrically, the interface is steady and flat at the initial transitional stage. With the progress of transition, the interface fluctuates more and more violently. Statistically, the evolution of interface properties, including the fluctuation of interface height σI, the fractal dimension Df, and the thickness of interface δI, are tracked along the streamwise direction. It is revealed that all the three quantities grow with transition. Both σI and δI become invariant at the latter half part of the airfoil where the transition is completed. Counter-intuitively, the growth of Df stops at a more upstream location, indicating the fractal property of turbulence is already existing during transition. Instantaneously, the above-mentioned quantities are found to be related to the periodical vortices inside the boundary layer. The vortex will elevate/sink the above interface by the induced ejection/sweep flow and increases Df at slightly downstream of the vortex. Furthermore, it is highlighted that the variations of interface properties will greatly influence the entrainment by two opposite effects: the length of interface LI and the vorticity gradient across the interface; and it is found that the entrainment flux is mainly controlled by LI. This suggests that the recently reported dominance of LI on entrainment for wall-bounded turbulence could be a universal phenomenon in boundary layers, despite the flow states and wall configurations.
“We improved presenting voice in our writing”
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Hua , Brown T. Pascal
Published: September 2022

This study investigated the role of teacher feedback in presenting students’ voice and writing quality of personal statements (PSs). PSs are essays intended to grant writers’ admission into graduate programs. Twenty third-year undergraduate students majoring in English participated in this study. Three drafts were collected in an English as a foreign language (EFL) writing class, and teacher feedback was given on the first two drafts. Three participants were interviewed to share their thoughts about voice development and revisions. Drafts 1 and 3 were analyzed using an analytic voice rubric, a holistic rating, and an analytic rubric. It was found that students presented a unique voice in Draft 3 and improved their writing quality by using teacher feedback in classroom contexts. Overall voice was found to strongly correlate with writing quality. Findings of the study demonstrate the importance of teacher feedback in improving students’ abilities to articulate their voice and writing quality in EFL writing.
ARL3 mediates BBSome ciliary turnover by promoting its outward movement across the transition zone
Authors: Liu Yan-Xia , Sun Wei-Yue , Xue Bin , Zhang Rui-Kai , Li Wen-Juan , Xie Xixian , Fan Zhen-Chuan
Published: September 2022

Ciliary receptors and their certain downstream signaling components undergo intraflagellar transport (IFT) as BBSome cargoes to maintain their ciliary dynamics for sensing and transducing extracellular stimuli inside the cell. Cargo-laden BBSomes pass the transition zone (TZ) for ciliary retrieval, but how this passage is controlled remains elusive. Here, we show that phospholipase D (PLD)-laden BBSomes shed from retrograde IFT trains at the proximal ciliary region right above the TZ to act as Arf-like 3 (ARL3) GTPase-specific effectors in Chlamydomonas cilia. Under physiological condition, ARL3GDP binds to the membrane for diffusing into cilia. Following nucleotide exchange, ARL3GTP detaches from the ciliary membrane, binds to retrograde IFT train-shed and PLD-laden BBSomes at the proximal ciliary region right above the TZ, and recruits them to pass the TZ for ciliary retrieval likely via diffusion. ARL3 mediates the ciliary dynamics of certain signaling molecules through facilitating BBSome ciliary retrieval, providing a mechanistic understanding behind why ARL3-related Joubert syndrome shares overlapping phenotypes with Bardet-Biedl syndrome.
The adaptive bearing fault diagnosis based on generalized stochastic resonance in a scale-transformed fractional oscillator driven by unilateral attenuated impulse signal
Authors: Zhang Ruoqi , Chen Kehan , Wang Huiqi
Published: September 2022

Bearing fault diagnosis is vital to guarantee the safe operation of rotating machines. Due to the enhancement principle of energy conversion from noise to weak signal, noise-assisted stochastic resonance (SR) methods have been widely applied. In this paper, to utilize the memory-dependent property of the mechanical degradation process, we develop a scale-transformed fractional oscillator (SFO) driven by a unilateral attenuated impulse signal, and reveal the active effect of generalized SR (GSR) on the energy conversion from internal multiplicative noise to signal. By applying the quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm in the multi-parameter regulation, we propose the adaptive GSR-SFO diagnosis method to realize the enhancement of weak fault characteristics. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is valid and exhibits superiority in diagnosis performance, especially in several typical difficult cases, such as smeared bearing fault caused by mechanical looseness, smeared bearing fault disturbed by strong random pulses, and corrupted bearing fault disturbed by patches of electrical noise.
Object defect detection based on data fusion of a 3D point cloud and 2D image
Authors: Zhang Wanning , Zhou Fuqiang , Liu Yang , Sun Pengfei , Chen Yuanze , Wang Lin
Published: September 2022

In the process of defect detection, there can be interference factors such as poor image quality and missing point cloud data as a result of the complexity of the acquisition environment. Certain limitations can be found relying solely on point cloud data processing or image feature detection. Therefore, this paper tries a more intuitive and effective exploration. Firstly, an algorithm named hole boundary points detection of point cloud, based on multi-scale principal component analysis, is proposed, which can achieve the preliminary detection of hole boundary points while calculating the normal vector of each point in the point cloud. Then the boundary contour of each hole is constructed by a polygon growth algorithm. Finally, we use the complementary information of the 3D point cloud and 2D image to explore the origin of holes and realize the ‘true’ and ‘false’ classification of holes. The experimental results show that our algorithm can successfully detect point cloud holes and can also distinguish them from object defects, providing data support for subsequent hole filling and defect measurement.
On the benefits and limitations of Echo State Networks for turbulent flow prediction
Authors: Sharifi Ghazijahani Mohammad , Heyder Florian , Schumacher Jörg , Cierpka Christian
Published: September 2022

The prediction of turbulent flow by the application of machine learning (ML) algorithms to big data is a concept currently in its infancy which requires further development. It is of special importance if the aim is a prediction that is good in a statistical sense or if the vector fields should be predicted as good as possible. For this purpose, the statistical and deterministic prediction of the unsteady but periodic flow of the von Kármán Vortex Street (KVS) was examined using an Echo State Network (ESN) which is well suited for learning from time series due to its recurrent connections. The experimental data of the velocity field of the KVS were collected by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Then, the data were reduced by Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and the flow was reconstructed by the first hundred most energetic modes. An ESN with 3000 neurons was optimized with respect to its three main hyperparameters to predict the time coefficients of the POD modes. For the deterministic prediction, the aim was to maximize the correct direction of the vertical velocities. The results indicate that the ESN can mimic the periodicity and the unsteadiness of the flow. It is also able to predict the sequence of the upward and downward directed velocities for longer time spans. For the statistical prediction, the similarity of the probability density functions of the vertical velocity fields between the predicted and actual flow was achieved. The leaking rate of the ESN played a key role in the transition from deterministic to statistical predictions.
Subthreshold Schottky-contacted carbon nanotube network film field-effect transistors for ultralow-power electronic applications
Authors: Zou Jianping , Cai Weifan , Zhang Qing
Published: September 2022

Ultralow-power electronics is critical to wearable, portable, and implantable applications where the systems could only have access to very limited electrical power supply or even be self-powered. Here, we report on a type of Schottky barrier (SB) contacted single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) network film field-effect-transistors (FETs) that are operated in the subthreshold region to achieve ultralow-power applications. The thin high-k gate dielectric and the overlap between the gate and the source electrodes offer highly efficient gate electrostatic control over the SWCNT channel and the SB at the source contact, resulting in steep subthreshold switching characteristics with a small subthreshold swing (∼67 mV dec−1), a large current on/off ratio (∼106), and a low off-state current (∼0.5 pA). A p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor inverter built with the subthreshold SB-SWCNT-FETs exhibits a well-defined logic functionality and small-signal amplification capability under a low supply voltage (∼0.5 V) and an ultralow power (∼0.05 pW μm−1). The low-voltage and deep subthreshold operations reported here could lay an essential foundation for high-performance and ultralow-power SWCNTs-based electronics.
Evaluation of grinding surface roughness based on gradient similarity and color similarity
Authors: Fang Runji , Yi Huaian , Shu Aihua , Lv Xiao
Published: September 2022

Existing machine vision detection methods for surface roughness based on design indices are mainly divided into two categories: grayscale information-based and color information-based. The former loses a large amount of image information when converting the image’s three-dimensional color space to one-dimensional grayscale space. The latter does not fully consider the color information and structural detail changes in images of different rough surfaces. To address the above problems, a visual measurement method of grinding surface roughness based on gradient similarity and color similarity is proposed in this study. This method purposefully uses gradient similarity and color similarity to evaluate the structural differences and color differences between different roughness images, respectively. The comparison experiments with CD, F2, and F5 indices show that the GC index we proposed has a strong correlation with the grinding surface roughness, and its regression fitting prediction model has a high prediction accuracy. In addition, we have discussed the effect of light intensity on the GC index. The experimental result indicates that the correlation between the GC index and roughness is relatively stable under different light intensities.
Instability of the

φ⃗23

model with spontaneously broken scale symmetry
Authors: Sakhi S
Published: September 2022

The viability of the phase with spontaneous breaking of scale symmetry observed in the infinite N limit of the O(N) symmetric phi-six theory in three dimensions is scrutinized against quantum corrections at the next-to-leading order in 1/N expansion. It is shown that inclusion of such corrections disrupt the flatness and the global real-valuedness of the effective potential which develops an imaginary part for some values of the fields in a strong coupling regime that covers the BMB and the nontrivial ultraviolet fixed points. This signals instability of the phase with spontaneously broken approximate scale invariance which is doomed to decay by higher 1/N radiative corrections.
Copper migration and surface oxidation of

CuxBi2Se3

in ambient pressure environments
Authors: Gross Adam L , Falling Lorenz , Staab Matthew C , Montero Metzli I , Ullah Rahim R , Nisson David M , Klavins Peter , Koski Kristie J , Curro Nicholas J , Taufour Valentin , Nemsak Slavomir , Vishik Inna M
Published: September 2022

Chemical modifications such as intercalation can be used to modify surface properties or to further functionalize the surface states of topological insulators (TIs). Using ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we report copper migration in

C
u

x

B
i

2

S
e

3

, which occurs on a timescale of hours to days after initial surface cleaving. The increase in near-surface copper proceeds along with the oxidation of the sample surface and large changes in the selenium content. These complex changes are further modeled with core-level spectroscopy simulations, which suggest a composition gradient near the surface which develops with oxygen exposure. Our results shed light on a new phenomenon that must be considered for intercalated TIs—and intercalated materials in general—that surface chemical composition can change when specimens are exposed to ambient conditions.
Addressing the stability challenge of metal halide perovskite based photocatalysts for solar fuel production
Authors: Xiao Mu , Zhang Yurou , You Jiakang , Wang Zhiliang , Yun Jun-Ho , Konarova Muxina , Liu Gang , Wang Lianzhou
Published: September 2022

Artificial photosynthesis, converting solar energy to renewable fuels and valuable chemicals, shows a high potential for addressing the exhaustion of fossil fuels and the greenhouse effect. The superior optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskites (MHPs) make this emerging family of materials promising candidates for efficient solar-to-fuel conversion. However, the issue of stability has been the main obstacle for MHPs based photocatalysis. In this work, we emphasize the major bottleneck that hinders the application of MHPs for photocatalytic solar-to-fuel conversion. After outlining the unstable factors for MHPs based photocatalysis, we analyse recent works in related fields and provide a critical review of approaches to improving the stability of MHPs for the photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction and CO2 reduction reaction. We conclude by proposing possible directions for the development of stabilizing MHPs towards efficient and cost-effective solar-to-fuel conversion.
Novel deterministic epidemic model considering mass vaccination and lockdown against coronavirus disease 2019 spread in Israel: a numerical study
Authors: Utamura Motoaki , Koizumi Makoto , Kirikami Seiichi
Published: September 2022

Why public health intervention by the Israeli government against coronavirus disease 2019 spread has been successful while the majority of other countries are still coping with it? To give a quantitative answer, a simple numerical epidemic model is prepared to simulate the entire trend of various infection-related variables considering the first and second vaccination campaigns against the alpha variant and simultaneous lockdown. This model is an extension of our previously published deterministic physical model, that is Apparent Time Lag Model, which aims at predicting an entire trend of variables in a single epidemic. The time series data of both vaccine dose ratio and lockdown period are employed in the model. Predictions have been compared with observed data in terms of daily new cases, isolated people, infections at large and effective reproductive number, and, further, the model is verified. Moreover, parameter survey calculations for several scenarios have clarified the synergy effects of vaccination and lockdown. In particular, the key element of Israel’s success has been suggested to lie in a high-dose vaccination rate that prevents the onset of a rebound in daily new cases on the rescission of the lockdown.
Serum lead, mercury, manganese, and copper and DNA methylation age among adults in Detroit, Michigan
Authors: Lodge Evans K , Dhingra Radhika , Martin Chantel L , Fry Rebecca C , White Alexandra J , Ward-Caviness Cavin K , Wani Agaz H , Uddin Monica , Wildman Derek E , Galea Sandro , Aiello Allison E
Published: September 2022

Although the effects of lead, mercury, manganese, and copper on individual disease processes are well understood, estimating the health effects of long-term exposure to these metals at the low concentrations often observed in the general population is difficult. In addition, the health effects of joint exposure to multiple metals are difficult to estimate. Biological aging refers to the integrative progression of multiple physiologic and molecular changes that make individuals more at risk of disease. Biomarkers of biological aging may be useful to estimate the population-level effects of metal exposure prior to the development of disease in the population. We used data from 290 participants in the Detroit Neighborhood Health Study to estimate the effect of serum lead, mercury, manganese, and copper on three DNA methylation-based biomarkers of biological aging (Horvath Age, PhenoAge, and GrimAge). We used mixed models and Bayesian kernel machine regression and controlled for participant sex, race, ethnicity, cigarette use, income, educational attainment, and block group poverty. We observed consistently positive estimates of the effects between lead and GrimAge acceleration and mercury and PhenoAge acceleration. In contrast, we observed consistently negative associations between manganese and PhenoAge acceleration and mercury and Horvath Age acceleration. We also observed curvilinear relationships between copper and both PhenoAge and GrimAge acceleration. Increasing total exposure to the observed mixture of metals was associated with increased PhenoAge and GrimAge acceleration and decreased Horvath Age acceleration. These findings indicate that an increase in serum lead or mercury from the 25th to 75th percentile is associated with a ∼0.25-year increase in two epigenetic markers of all-cause mortality in a population of adults in Detroit, Michigan. While few of the findings were statistically significant, their consistency and novelty warrant interest.
Comprehensive analysis of pathogen-responsive wheat NAC transcription factors: new candidates for crop improvement
Authors: Vranic Monika , Perochon Alexandre , Benbow Harriet , Doohan Fiona M
Published: September 2022

Wheat NAC (TaNAC) transcription factors are important regulators of stress responses and developmental processes. This study proposes a new TaNAC nomenclature and identified defense-associated TaNACs based on the analysis of RNA-sequencing datasets of wheat tissue infected with major fungal pathogens. A total of 146 TaNACs were pathogen-responsive, of which 52 were orthologous with functionally characterized defense-associated NACs from barley, rice, and Arabidopsis, as deduced via phylogenetic analysis. Next, we focused on the phylogenetic relationship of the pathogen-responsive TaNACs and their expression profiles in healthy and diseased tissues. Three subfamilies (“a,” “e,” and “f”) were significantly enriched in pathogen-responsive TaNACs, of which the majority were responsive to at least 2 pathogens (universal pathogen response). Uncharacterized TaNACs from subfamily “a” enriched with defense-associated NACs are promising candidates for functional characterization in pathogen defense. In general, pathogen-responsive TaNACs were expressed in at least 2 healthy organs. Lastly, we showed that the wheat NAM domain is significantly divergent in sequence in subfamilies “f,” “g,” and “h” based on HMMER and motif analysis. New protein motifs were identified in both the N- and C-terminal parts of TaNACs. Three of those identified in the C-terminal part were linked to pathogen responsiveness of the TaNACs and 2 were linked to expression in grain tissue. Future studies should benefit from this comprehensive in silico analysis of pathogen-responsive TaNACs as a basis for selecting the most promising candidates for functional validation and crop improvement.