bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protease nexin-1 deficiency increases mouse hindlimb neovascularisation following ischemia and accelerates femoral artery perfusion
Authors: Selbonne Sonia , Madjene Celina , Salmon Benjamin , Boulaftali Yacine , Bouton Marie-Christine , Arocas Véronique
Published: June 2021

We previously identified the inhibitory serpin protease nexin-1 (PN-1) as an important player of the angiogenic balance with anti-angiogenic activity in physiological conditions. In the present study, we aimed to determine the role of PN-1 on pathological angiogenesis and particularly in response to ischemia, in the mouse model induced by femoral artery ligation. In wild-type (WT) muscle, we observed an upregulation of PN-1 mRNA and protein after ischemia. Angiography analysis showed that femoral artery perfusion was more rapidly restored in PN-1−/− mice than in WT mice. Moreover, immunohistochemistry showed that capillary density increased following ischemia to a greater extent in PN-1−/− than in WT muscles. Moreover, leukocyte recruitment and IL-6 and MCP-1 levels were also increased in PN-1−/− mice compared to WT after ischemia. This increase was accompanied by a higher overexpression of the growth factor midkine, known to promote leukocyte trafficking and to modulate expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Our results thus suggest that the higher expression of midkine observed in PN-1- deficient mice can increase leukocyte recruitment in response to higher levels of MCP-1, finally driving neoangiogenesis. Thus, PN-1 can limit neovascularisation in pathological conditions, including post-ischemic reperfusion of the lower limbs.
Sustainability, productivity, profitability and soil health with conservation agriculture based sustainable intensification of oilseed brassica production system
Authors: Jat R. S. , Choudhary R. L. , Singh H. V. , Meena M. K. , Singh V. V. , Rai P. K.
Published: June 2021

Conservation agriculture (CA) practices are getting space world-wide to answer many emerging challenges like; declining factor productivity, deteriorating soil health, water scarcity, climate change, and farm profitability and sustainability. Oilseed brassica (Indian mustard, Brassica juncea L.), a winter oilseed grown under rainfed agro-ecosystem is vulnerable to low yields, high production cost, degrading soil and water quality, and climatic vagaries. The present study was undertaken on CA-based sustainable intensification of Indian mustard for enhancing inputs efficiencies, farm profitability and sustainability. Permanent beds with residue retention (PB + R) improved mustard equivalent yield (11.4%) and system grain yield (10.6%) compared with conventional tillage without residue (CT − R). Maize–mustard rotation (Mz–M) increased system grain yield (142.9%) as well as mustard equivalent yield (60.7%) compared with fallow-mustard (F-M). Mz–M system under PB + R increased sustainable yield index (376.5%), production efficiency (177.2%), economic efficiency (94%) and irrigation water productivity (66%) compared with F-M under CT − R. PB + R increased soil organic carbon (SOC) stock at 0–15 cm (17.7%) and 15–30 cm (29.5%) soil depth compared with CT − R. Addition of green gram in rotation with mustard improved SOC at 0–15 cm (27.4%) and 15–30 cm (20.5%) compared with F-M system. CA-based cluster bean-mustard/GG-M system increased N productivity, whereas, P and K productivity improved with Mz–M system compared with F-M under CT − R. Thus, CA-based Mz–M system should be out-scaled in the traditional rainfed fallow-mustard system to improve the farm production and income on holistic basis to make the country self-sufficient in edible oils.
Frailty assessed by administrative tools and mortality in patients with pneumonia admitted to the hospital and ICU in Wales
Authors: Szakmany Tamas , Hollinghurst Joe , Pugh Richard , Akbari Ashley , Griffiths Rowena , Bailey Rowena , Lyons Ronan A.
Published: June 2021

The ideal method of identifying frailty is uncertain, and data on long-term outcomes is relatively limited. We examined frailty indices derived from population-scale linked data on Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and hospitalised non-ICU patients with pneumonia to elucidate the influence of frailty on mortality. Longitudinal cohort study between 2010–2018 using population-scale anonymised data linkage of healthcare records for adults admitted to hospital with pneumonia in Wales. Primary outcome was in-patient mortality. Odds Ratios (ORs [95% confidence interval]) for age, hospital frailty risk score (HFRS), electronic frailty index (eFI), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), and social deprivation index were estimated using multivariate logistic regression models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was estimated to determine the best fitting models. Of the 107,188 patients, mean (SD) age was 72.6 (16.6) years, 50% were men. The models adjusted for the two frailty indices and the comorbidity index had an increased odds of in-patient mortality for individuals with an ICU admission (ORs for ICU admission in the eFI model 2.67 [2.55, 2.79], HFRS model 2.30 [2.20, 2.41], CCI model 2.62 [2.51, 2.75]). Models indicated advancing age, increased frailty and comorbidity were also associated with an increased odds of in-patient mortality (eFI, baseline fit, ORs: mild 1.09 [1.04, 1.13], moderate 1.13 [1.08, 1.18], severe 1.17 [1.10, 1.23]. HFRS, baseline low, ORs: intermediate 2.65 [2.55, 2.75], high 3.31 [3.17, 3.45]). CCI, baseline < 1, ORs: ‘1–10′ 1.15 [1.11, 1.20], > 10 2.50 [2.41, 2.60]). For predicting inpatient deaths, the CCI and HFRS based models were similar, however for longer term outcomes the CCI based model was superior. Frailty and comorbidity are significant risk factors for patients admitted to hospital with pneumonia. Frailty and comorbidity scores based on administrative data have only moderate ability to predict outcome.
Structural characterisation of inhibitory and non-inhibitory MMP-9–TIMP-1 complexes and implications for regulatory mechanisms of MMP-9
Authors: Charzewski Łukasz , Krzyśko Krystiana A. , Lesyng Bogdan
Published: June 2021

MMP-9 plays a number of important physiological functions but is also responsible for many pathological processes, including cancer invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. It is, therefore, crucial to understand its enzymatic activity, including activation and inhibition mechanisms. This enzyme may also be partially involved in the “cytokine storm” that is characteristic of COVID-19 disease (SARS-CoV-2), as well as in the molecular mechanisms responsible for lung fibrosis. Due to the variety of processing pathways involving MMP-9 in biological systems and its uniqueness due to the O-glycosylated domain (OGD) and fibronectin-like (FBN) domain, specific interactions with its natural TIMP-1 inhibitor should be carefully studied, because they differ significantly from other homologous systems. In particular, earlier experimental studies have indicated that the newly characterised circular form of a proMMP-9 homotrimer exhibits stronger binding properties to TIMP-1 compared to its monomeric form. However, molecular structures of the complexes and the binding mechanisms remain unknown. The purpose of this study is to fill in the gaps in knowledge. Molecular modelling methods are applied to build the inhibitory and non-inhibitory MMP-9–TIMP-1 complexes, which allows for a detailed description of these structures and should allow for a better understanding of the regulatory processes in which MMP-9 is involved.
Specificity of eccentric hamstring training and the lack of consistency between strength assessments using conventional test devices
Authors: Wiesinger Hans-Peter , Scharinger Manuel , Kösters Alexander , Gressenbauer Christoph , Müller Erich
Published: June 2021

Hamstring injuries are endemic, but influences of test-specific training and the application of different test methods on decision making remain elusive. Sport-students were randomised to isokinetic (IG) or Nordic hamstring (NG) exercise or a control group (CG) for six weeks. Training and testing procedures were matched to biomechanical parameters. Hamstring strength (EPT), work, muscle soreness (visual analogue scale (VAS)), biceps femoris (BFlh) muscle size and architecture were assessed. Anthropometrics and strength parameters did not differ at baseline. Yet, body mass normalised EPT, and work revealed a significant group × time × device effect, with a significant main effect for devices. Experimental conditions triggered meaningful increases in EPT compared to the control group, but the effects were higher when recorded on the training device. Despite significant group × time interactions, normalised average work on the NHD was only higher in the NG compared to CG of the left leg (+ 35%). No effects were found for BFlh parameters. Hamstrings showed a high training specificity, but adaptations likely remain undetected owing to the low sensitivity of conventional test devices. Moreover, strength increase of ~ 15% does not necessarily have to be reflected in BFlh parameters.
Ambient effect on the Curie temperatures and magnetic domains in metallic two-dimensional magnets
Authors: Tu Zhiyin , Xie Ti , Lee Yeonghun , Zhou Jinling , Admasu Alemayehu S. , Gong Yu , Valanoor Nagarajan , Cumings John , Cheong Sang-Wook , Takeuchi Ichiro , Cho Kyeongjae , Gong Cheng
Published: June 2021

The emergent magnetic two-dimensional (2D) materials provide ideal solid-state platforms for a broad range of applications including miniaturized spintronics, nonreciprocal optics, and magnetoelectric sensors. Owing to the general environmental sensitivity of 2D magnets, the understanding of ambient effects on 2D magnetism is critical. Apparently, the nature of itinerant ferromagnetism potentially makes metallic 2D magnets insensitive to environmental disturbance. Nevertheless, our systematic study showed that the Curie temperature of metallic 2D Fe3GeTe2 decreases dramatically in the air but thick Fe3GeTe2 exhibits self-protection. Remarkably, we found the air exposure effectively promotes the formation of multiple magnetic domains in 2D Fe3GeTe2, but not in bulk Fe3GeTe2. Our first-principles calculations support the scenario that substrate-induced roughness and tellurium vacancies boost the interaction of 2D Fe3GeTe2 with the air. Our elucidation of the thickness-dependent air-catalyzed evolution of Curie temperatures and magnetic domains in 2D magnets provides critical insights for chemically decorating and manipulating 2D magnets.
Towards an integrated decision-support system for sustainable organic waste management (optim-O)
Authors: Vaneeckhaute Céline , Walling Eric , Rivest Sonia , Belia Evangelina , Chartrand Ian , Fortin Francis , Mostafavi Mir Abolfazl
Published: June 2021

Biomethanation projects across the world struggle with multiple challenges related to the location selection and optimization of the treatment facilities. Important aspects such as treatment plant location and treatment process chain configuration depend on the waste sources to be treated, the required end-product type and quality, as well as its final use destination, all of which are variable in time and space. This research describes the development and use of an integrated decision-support software tool that allows setting up optimal organic waste value chains, named optim-O. Key features of the tool include a multidimensional spatiotemporal database, a model-based decision module for simulation and optimization, as well as a user-friendly interface. The availability of such a software tool will not only allow to save time and money on data collection and calculations, but will also induce more comprehensive decisions by simultaneously taking into account a variety of factors, thereby significantly facilitating and enhancing the decision-making process.
Bacterial communities in temperate and polar coastal sands are seasonally stable
Authors: Miksch Sebastian , Meiners Mirja , Meyerdierks Anke , Probandt David , Wegener Gunter , Titschack Jürgen , Jensen Maria A , Ellrott Andreas , Amann Rudolf , Knittel Katrin
Published: June 2021

Coastal sands are biocatalytic filters for dissolved and particulate organic matter of marine and terrestrial origin, thus, acting as centers of organic matter transformation. At high temporal resolution, we accessed the variability of benthic bacterial communities over two annual cycles at Helgoland (North Sea), and compared it with seasonality of communities in Isfjorden (Svalbard, 78°N) sediments, where primary production does not occur during winter. Benthic community structure remained stable in both, temperate and polar sediments on the level of cell counts and 16S rRNA-based taxonomy. Actinobacteriota of uncultured Actinomarinales and Microtrichales were a major group, with 8 ± 1% of total reads (Helgoland) and 31 ± 6% (Svalbard). Their high activity (frequency of dividing cells 28%) and in situ cell numbers of >10% of total microbes in Svalbard sediments, suggest Actinomarinales and Microtrichales as key heterotrophs for carbon mineralization. Even though Helgoland and Svalbard sampling sites showed no phytodetritus-driven changes of the benthic bacterial community structure, they harbored significantly different communities (p < 0.0001, r = 0.963). The temporal stability of benthic bacterial communities is in stark contrast to the dynamic succession typical of coastal waters, suggesting that pelagic and benthic bacterial communities respond to phytoplankton productivity very differently.
Atomic and Molecular Functionalization of Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Ghanem Alaa , Mandor Mohamed A. , El-Nagar Raghda , Eid Kamel
Published: June 2021

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanomaterials have attracted great attention in various energy and environmental applications owning to their unique physical and chemical properties. The utilization of gCNs in solar-driven energy production is amongst the hottest research topics and is critical to fulfilling human energy needs. gCN materials have outstanding photocatalytic and optical properties and great stability (i.e., thermal, chemical, and physical), which enables their usage in solar cell applications. However, the practical application of gCNs in solar cells is precluded by the difficulty of preparing solar-active thin films, their inferior visible light absorption > 460 nm, and quick electron–hole recombination, which all could be defeated by various approaches such as doping or functionalization with metals and metal oxides, or formation of a heterojunction structure with other materials. Thereby, the number of articles related to the rational design of gCNs for solar cell applications has increased substantially over the past decade, so it is important to provide a periodic update on this research area. This article emphasizes atomic and molecular functionalization of gCNs for solar cell applications ranging from the fabrication methods of gCN films (i.e., coating, assembling, solid/liquid mediated growth, and gas-phase noncontact growth) to solar cell devices (i.e., in dye-sensitized, organic, perovskite, and quantum dot solar cells). Lastly, the chapter is completed by highlighting the current barriers and future outlook for implementing gCNs in the next-generation of solar cells.
Cyclic strain enhances the early stage mineral nucleation and the modulus of demineralized bone matrix
Authors: Kim Doyoon , Lee Byeongdu , Marshall Brittany , Thomopoulos Stavros , Jun Young-Shin
Published: June 2021

Without any cell-mediated activity, cyclic mechanical loads can increase nucleation of calcium phosphate nanocrystals in highly-organized collagen matrices, enhancing bone strength.
The bright side of cellulosic hibiscus sabdariffa fibres: towards sustainable materials from the macro- to nano-scale
Authors: Rana Ashvinder K. , Thakur Vijay Kumar
Published: June 2021

Plant fibres are helically twisted cellulosic materials that are bonded together by lignin and hemicellulose matrices.
Single transition metal atom embedded antimonene monolayers as efficient trifunctional electrocatalysts for the HER, OER and ORR: a density functional theory study
Authors: Lu Song , Huynh Huong Lan , Lou Fengliu , Guo Kun , Yu Zhixin
Published: June 2021

Transition metal atom embedded antimonene monolayers can be trifunctional electrocatalysts for the HER/OER/ORR.
Bromopropane as a novel bromine precursor for the completely amine free colloidal synthesis of ultrastable and highly luminescent green-emitting cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Akhil Syed , Dutt V. G. Vasavi , Mishra Nimai
Published: June 2021

Synthesis of ultra-stable CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs), which can be an ideal candidate for the display applications.
Ambruticins: tetrahydropyran ring formation and total synthesis
Authors: Bowen James I. , Wang Luoyi , Crump Matthew P. , Willis Christine L.
Published: June 2021

The total synthesis of ambruticin J and epoxidation/cyclisation studies on model unsaturated hydroxy esters are described.
Silver(i)-catalyzed tandem reaction of enynones and 4-alkynyl isoxazoles: regioselective synthesis of highly functionalized 4H-furan[3,4-c]pyrroles
Authors: Peng Haiyun , Zhang Yangyi , Deng Guisheng , Deng Hongmei
Published: June 2021

This work reports a silver(i)-catalyzed tandem reaction of enynones with 4-alkynyl isoxazoles.
Organocatalytic electrochemical amination of benzylic C–H bonds
Authors: Hou Zhong-Wei , Li Laiqiang , Wang Lei
Published: June 2021

An organocatalytic site-selective electrochemical method for the benzylic C–H amination of alkylarenes with azoles through hydrogen evolution has been developed.
Synthesis of 2-methoxybenzamide derivatives and evaluation of their hedgehog signaling pathway inhibition
Authors: Sun Chiyu , Zhang Dajun , Luan Tian , Wang Youbing , Zhang Wenhu , Lin Lin , Jiang Meihua , Hao Ziqian , Wang Ying
Published: June 2021

Benzamide analog (21) was identified as a potent hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor that targeted the Smo receptor and blocked Daoy cell proliferation.
Long chain sphingomyelin depletes cholesterol from the cytoplasmic leaflet in asymmetric lipid membranes
Authors: Karlsen Maria Lyngby , Bruhn Dennis S. , Pezeshkian Weria , Khandelia Himanshu
Published: June 2021

Long acyl chain sphingomyelin and saturated phospholipid tails in the outer membrane leaflet deplete cholesterol from the inner leaflet in mammalian membranes.
Polydopamine coated hypodermic needles as a microextraction device for the determination of tricyclic antidepressants in oral fluid by direct infusion MS/MS
Authors: Vejar-Vivar Carmina , García-Valverde María Teresa , Mardones Claudia , Lucena Rafael , Cárdenas Soledad
Published: June 2021

Hypodermic needles coated with polydopamine for the extraction of antidepressants.
PEDOT percolation networks for reversible chemiresistive sensing of NO2
Authors: Lefferts Merel J. , Armitage Ben I. , Murugappan Krishnan , Castell Martin R.
Published: June 2021

Reversible NO2 sensing by controlling the balance of oxidised and over-oxidised PEDOT.
Improvement of low-temperature NH3-SCR catalytic performance over nitrogen-doped MOx–Cr2O3–La2O3/TiO2–N (M = Cu, Fe, Ce) catalysts
Authors: Sun Xiaoyi , Liu Qingjie , Liu Shuai , Zhang Xintang , Liu Shanshan
Published: June 2021

A series of MOx–Cr2O3–La2O3/TiO2–N (M = Cu, Fe, Ce) catalysts with nitrogen doping were prepared via the impregnation method.
Ab initio characterization of N doped T-graphene and its application as an anode material for Na ion rechargeable batteries
Authors: Yadav Neha , Dhilip Kumar T. J.
Published: June 2021

Tailoring 2D materials to tune their electrochemical characteristics for application as functional materials brings about a major breakthrough in optoelectronics.
Hydrogel nanoparticle degradation influences the activation and survival of primary macrophages
Authors: Jarai Bader M. , Stillman Zachary , Fromen Catherine A.
Published: June 2021

The effect of nanoparticle (NP) internalization and subsequent degradation rate on cell lifespan has emerged as an important consideration for nanomedicine design, as macrophages and other phagocytes are primary clearance mechanisms of administered NP formulations.
Man‐in‐the‐middle attacks and defence in a power system cyber‐physical testbed
Authors: Wlazlo Patrick , Sahu Abhijeet , Mao Zeyu , Huang Hao , Goulart Ana , Davis Katherine , Zonouz Saman
Published: June 2021

Man‐in‐The‐Middle (MiTM) attacks present numerous threats to a smart grid. In a MiTM attack, an intruder embeds itself within a conversation between two devices to either eavesdrop or impersonate one of the devices, making it appear to be a normal exchange of information. Thus, the intruder can perform false data injection (FDI) and false command injection (FCI) attacks that can compromise power system operations, such as state estimation, economic dispatch, and automatic generation control (AGC). Very few researchers have focused on MiTM methods that are difficult to detect within a smart grid. To address this, we are designing and implementing multi‐stage MiTM intrusions in an emulation‐based cyber‐physical power system testbed against a large‐scale synthetic grid model to demonstrate how such attacks can cause physical contingencies such as misguided operation and false measurements. MiTM intrusions create FCI, FDI, and replay attacks in this synthetic power grid. This work enables stakeholders to defend against these stealthy attacks, and we present detection mechanisms that are developed using multiple alerts from intrusion detection systems and network monitoring tools. Our contribution will enable other smart grid security researchers and industry to develop further detection mechanisms for inconspicuous MiTM attacks.
Design, development, and evaluation of upper and lower limb orthoses with intelligent control for rehabilitation
Authors: Hung Kevin , Cheung Ho‐Yuen , Wan Nathan , Lee Eva , Lai Chi‐Nang , Pan Kun , Liang Rongle , Chu Carlin , Choy Sheung‐On , Ng Douglas , Chow Daniel H.K.
Published: June 2021

World's ageing population, prevalence of chronic diseases, and shortage of healthcare resources have increased interest in home‐based physical therapy and rehabilitation. However, the standard equipment is often too bulky and unsuited for home use. This paper presents the design, development, and evaluation of a set of wearable orthoses for home‐based physical therapy. Originatively utilising miniature electromagnetic brakes, the system can deliver a low to moderate range of resistive torques suitable for isotonic, isometric, and open‐chain resistance exercises. In human tests with the orthoses, low‐level muscle activation and low‐ to moderate‐level energy expenditure were achieved. This suggests the system's potential for use in a wide range of applications, including postoperative treatments for muscle injury and the early stages of rehabilitation, and tele‐rehabilitation. The orthoses were integrated with a video game console to form a new research platform that can be used to study the effects of force haptics on muscle activation and energy expenditure in exergames. The data obtained aid the future development of exergame prescription standards.
The Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS)
Authors: García-Burillo S. , Alonso-Herrero A. , Ramos Almeida C. , González-Martín O. , Combes F. , Usero A. , Hönig S. , Querejeta M. , Hicks E. K. S. , Hunt L. K. , Rosario D. , Davies R. , Boorman P. G. , Bunker A. J. , Burtscher L. , Colina L. , Díaz-Santos T. , Gandhi P. , García-Bernete I. , García-Lorenzo B. , Ichikawa K. , Imanishi M. , Izumi T. , Labiano A. , Levenson N. A. , López-Rodríguez E. , Packham C. , Pereira-Santaella M. , Ricci C. , Rigopoulou D. , Rouan D. , Shimizu T. , Stalevski M. , Wada K. , Williamson D.
Published: June 2021

We present the first results of the Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS), a project aimed at understanding the properties of the dusty molecular tori and their connection to the host galaxy in nearby Seyfert galaxies. Our project expands the range of active galactic nuclei (AGN) luminosities and Eddington ratios covered by previous surveys of Seyferts conducted by the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), allowing us to study the gas feeding and feedback cycle in a combined sample of 19 Seyferts. We used ALMA to obtain new images of the emission of molecular gas and dust using the CO(3–2) and HCO+(4–3) lines as well as their underlying continuum emission at 870 μm with high spatial resolutions (0.1″ ∼ 7 − 13 pc) in the circumnuclear disks (CND) of ten nearby (D < 28 Mpc) Seyfert galaxies selected from an ultra-hard X-ray survey. Our new ALMA observations detect 870 μm continuum and CO line emission from spatially resolved disks located around the AGN in all the sources. The bulk of the 870 μm continuum flux can be accounted for by thermal emission from dust in the majority of the targets. For most of the sources, the disks show a preponderant orientation perpendicular to the AGN wind axes, as expected for dusty molecular tori. The median diameters and molecular gas masses of the tori are ∼42 pc and ∼6 × 105 M⊙, respectively. We also detected the emission of the 4–3 line of HCO+in four GATOS targets. The order of magnitude differences found in the CO/HCO+ratios within our combined sample point to a very different density radial stratification inside the dusty molecular tori of these Seyferts. We find a positive correlation between the line-of-sight gas column densities responsible for the absorption of X-rays and the molecular gas column densities derived from CO toward the AGN in our sources. Furthermore, the median values of both column densities are similar. This suggests that the neutral gas line-of-sight column densities of the dusty molecular tori imaged by ALMA significantly contribute to the obscuration of X-rays. The radial distributions of molecular gas in the CND of our combined sample show signs of nuclear-scale molecular gas deficits. We also detect molecular outflows in the sources that show the most extreme nuclear-scale gas deficits in our sample. These observations find for the first time supporting evidence that the imprint of AGN feedback is more extreme in higher luminosity and/or higher Eddington ratio Seyfert galaxies.
Sociologie de la contraception en France
Authors: Roux Alexandra
Published: June 2021

Les recherches sur la contraception constituent un champ très dynamique des sciences sociales à partir des années 2000, prolongeant des travaux fondateurs publiés dès les années 1980. Nous proposons dans cette revue une synthèse de ces travaux et présentons quatre types d’approche de la contraception, renvoyant à diverses problématiques en sociologie : une sociologie de la demande en contraception ; une sociologie de l’offre contraceptive et de la prescription, la production ou la promotion de contraceptifs ; enfin, des approches portant sur les institutions, qui façonnent les systèmes contraceptifs à l’échelle nationale. Nous évoquerons également les inégalités sociales d’accès à la contraception.
Syndrome de l’intestin irritable
Authors: Lajoie Frédérique , Rousseau Guy , Blanquet-Diot Stéphanie , Etienne-Mesmin Lucie
Published: June 2021

Le syndrome de l’intestin irritable (SII) est un trouble fonctionnel digestif dont la prévalence est très élevée. Ce syndrome, et notamment son sous-type diarrhéique (SII-D), est associé à des perturbations de la composition et des fonctions du microbiote intestinal à l’origine d’une dysbiose. Pourtant, la maladie est principalement traitée en fonction des symptômes des patients atteints, sans que la perturbation de leur microbiote ne soit prise en compte. Dans cette revue, nous détaillerons les données épidémiologiques de la maladie. Nous traiterons ensuite des principaux mécanismes physiopathologiques, notamment de l’impact des perturbations du microbiote intestinal. Le sous-type diarrhéique (SII-D) étant le plus fréquent [1], nous nous concentrerons principalement sur celui-ci. Nous introduirons enfin les thérapies actuelles utilisées.
A holistic End-of-Life (EoL) Index for the quantitative impact assessment of CFRP waste recycling techniques
Authors: Markatos Dionysios N. , Katsiropoulos Christos V. , Tserpes Konstantinos I. , Pantelakis Spiros G.
Published: June 2021

In the present study, a holistic End-of-Life (EoL) Index is introduced to serve as a decision support tool for choosing the optimal recycling process among a number of alternative recycling techniques of CFRP waste. For the choice of the optimal recycling process, quality of the recycled fibers as well as cost and environmental impact of the recycling methods under consideration, are accounted for. Quality is interpreted as the reusability potential of the recycled fibers; that is quantified through the equivalent volume fraction of recycled fibers that balances the mechanical properties of a composite composed of a certain volume fraction of virgin fibers. The proposed Index is offering an estimated balanced score, quantifying a trade-off between the reusability potential of the recycled fibers as well as the cost and the environmental impact of the recycling methods considered.
Léon Brillouin
Authors: Fabre Claude
Published: June 2021

Léon Brillouin a été durant toute sa carrière au coeur des développements de la nouvelle physique quantique. Il lui a apporté des contributions majeures et originales, notamment en physique du solide. Il a participé à l’émergence d’une nouvelle discipline scientifique : l’informatique.
Localisation d’Anderson de la lumière
Authors: Skipetrov Sergey
Published: June 2021

Un tas de poussière capable de capturer la lumière plus efficacement qu’une cavité Fabry-Perot finement réglée ? Un laser qui n’a pas besoin de réglage et dont la structure est aléatoire ? Tout cela peut devenir possible grâce au phénomène découvert par Philip Anderson il y a plus de 60 ans. Les idées apparues en physique du solide sont aujourd’hui exploitées par les opticiens qui essayent de tirer profit de la nature aléatoire de nombreux matériaux.
Transitions photoinduites ultrarapides : un axe émergent pour la photonique
Authors: Collet Éric
Published: June 2021

Certains matériaux changent de propriétés physiques sous lumière. Comprendre les mécanismes élémentaires pilotant ces transitions de phases photoinduites, où l'excitation électronique réorganise la structure moléculaire et induit de nouvelles fonctions, nécessite d'observer la matière se transformer à l'échelle de temps de ~10 femtosecondes à l’aide d’expériences pompe-sonde de spectroscopie optique au laboratoire et de spectroscopie de rayons X sur X-FEL.
La lumière change de couleur pour révéler les ordres couplés de la matière
Authors: Chauleau Jean-Yves , Viret Michel
Published: June 2021

Sonder la matière pour la comprendre est certainement l’un des concepts les plus anciens de la physique et de la science des matériaux. Quand les systèmes étudiés présentent des ordres complexes, l’optique non-linéaire, et en particulier la génération de seconde harmonique, est une approche de choix pour en révéler les propriétés remarquables telles que le couplage d’ordres ferroïques dans les matériaux dits « multiferroïques ».
ω-3-Fettsäuren in der Behandlung der gynäkologischen Onkologie
Authors: Katzler Olaf
Published: June 2021

Das Mammakarzinom ist die häufigste Krebsart der Frau. Zu den Ernährungsrisiken, die die Karzinombildung begünstigen können, zählt u. a. ein gestörtes ω-3/ω-6-Verhältnis. Besonders die marinen ω-3-Fettsäuren EPA und DHA weisen Antiangiogenese- und Antitumor-Eigenschaften auf. Studien zufolge verringert der Konsum von 85 g Fisch täglich das Risiko für Brust- und Darmkrebs deutlich. Allerdings muss der zunehmende Schadstoffgehalt von Fischen beachtet werden. Als Alternative bieten sich gereinigte Fisch- oder Algenöle an. In zahlreichen Studien mit Karzinomen unterschiedlicher Lokalisation deutet sich an, dass die Supplementierung von EPA und DHA progressionsfreies Überleben sowie Gesamtüberleben erhöht und die Lebensqualität verbessert.
Das Polyamin Spermidin
Authors: Gröber Uwe
Published: June 2021

Spermidin ist ein Polyamin, das im Körper gebildet und mit der Nahrung zugeführt wird. Es ist in eine Vielzahl zellulärer Prozesse involviert und kann z. B. den zellulären Recyclingprozess der Autophagie aktivieren. Studienergebnisse zeigen zudem, dass die Polyamine Spermidin und Spermin die Infektion von Zellen mit SARS-CoV-2 konzentrationsabhängig hemmen kann. Allerdings ist die Datenlage noch unzureichend. Darüber hinaus gibt einen Zusammenhang zwischen Spermidin und reduziertem Mortalitätsrisiko sowie der Verbesserung der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit bei älteren Menschen.
Free Tissue Transfer in Pressure Ulcer Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Robertson Chelsi , Patterson Charles , Hilaire Hugo St. , Lau Frank H.
Published: June 2021

Background Pressure ulcers (PUs) affect 2.5 million people in the United States annually and incur health-care costs of 11 billion dollars annually. Stage III/IV PU often require local flap reconstruction. Unfortunately, PU recurrence is common following reconstruction; recurrence rates as high as 82% have been reported. When local flap options are inadequate, free tissue transfer may be indicated but the indications have yet to be delineated. To develop evidence-based guidelines for the use of free flaps in PU reconstruction, we performed a systematic review.

Methods A systematic review of the available English-language, peer-reviewed literature was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Articles were manually reviewed for relevance.

Results Out of 272 articles identified, 10 articles were included in the final analysis. Overall, this systematic review suggests that free-flap PU reconstruction yields fewer recurrences compared with local flaps (0–20 vs. 13–82%). Further, several types of free flaps for PU reconstruction were identified in this review, along with their indications.

Conclusion Free tissue transfer should be considered for recurrent PU. We offer specific recommendations for their use in PU reconstruction.
Pandoraea apista Bacteremia in a COVID-Positive Man: A Rare Coinfection Case Report from North India
Authors: Singh Sweta , Sahu Chinmoy , Patel Sangram Singh , Garg Atul , Ghoshal Ujjala
Published: June 2021

Pandoraea apista is a novel gram-negative bacillus usually isolated from respiratory specimens of cystic fibrosis patients. Few cases of bacteremia have also been reported due to this rare pathogen. Emergence of multidrug-resistant isolates of this bacillus is of grave concern. Here, we report a very interesting and unusual case of Pandoraea apista bacteremia in a coronavirus disease (COVID)–positive elderly diabetic man suffering from pneumonia. Prompt isolation and antibiotic sensitivity testing guided the patient’s treatment and yielded favorable outcome. The need of automated methods for identification and sensitivity testing limits the reporting of this rare but important pathogen in hospital settings. Detailed research work and studies are needed in this direction to better understand this pathogen and its clinical manifestations for better patient outcome.
Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma spp. Coinfection in an HIV-Positive Homosexual Man
Authors: Khullar Swati , Rawre Jyoti , Yadav Deepika , Khanna Neena , Dhawan Benu
Published: June 2021

A 21-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-positive male patient presented with complaints of multiple hyperpigmented verrucous papules over his perianal area. He reported having unprotected anal and oral sex with multiple male partners. On examination, superficial ill-defined perianal erosions were present. A first void urine sample and clinician-collected rectal and oropharyngeal swabs were sent for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma spp. Rectal swab tested positive for all the four pathogens. Oropharyngeal swab and urine samples tested positive for C. trachomatis. The patient was treated with doxycycline and moxifloxacin. This case underscores the importance of screening of men who have sex with men for possible coinfections with multiple sexually transmitted pathogens.
Effect of capsaicin supplementation on lactational and reproductive performance of Holstein cows during summer
Authors: Abulaiti A. , Ahmed Z. , Naseer Z. , El-Qaliouby H. S. , Iqbal M. F. , Hua G. H. , Yang L. G.
Published: June 2021

Context Summer ambient temperature and humidity are major factors negatively influencing the physiology and the productive and reproductive efficiency of dairy cows. Various management and breeding approaches may be useful for maintaining productivity in dairy cows during summer to minimise these effects. Aims The experiment was designed to test a natural phytochemical supplementation of capsaicin (CPS), followed by a specific oestrus synchronisation protocol as a means to maintain productivity and reproductive performance of Chinese Holstein cows during summer in Hubei province, China. Methods Lactating Chinese Holstein cows (n = 109) were randomly divided into four groups and supplemented with 0 (control, n = 27), 20 (CPS-20, n = 26), 40 (CPS-40, n = 28) and 60 (CPS-60, n = 28) mg of capsaicin (CPS) per kg of total mixed ration respectively for continuous 30 days initiated on 10 July 2018. Milk production and composition were measured over 45 days from the start of CPS supplementation. After CPS supplementation, all cows were synchronised through a modified Ovsynch oestrus synchronisation protocol, and reproductive variables were recorded. Metabolic parameters were measured on the days before CPS supplementation, artificial insemination (AI) and 50 days post-AI. Key results Highest (P < 0.05) milk production were found in the CPS-40 group, and highest total solids and milk fat in the CPS-20 and CPS-40 groups. Milk urea nitrogen and milk fat were generally increased in CPS supplemented cows compared with the control group. Significant increases (P < 0.05) in oestrus response, ovulatory follicle size, ovulation rate and pregnancy rates were observed in the CPS-40 group compared with other groups. Glucose, lipoprotein esterase and aspartate aminotransferase were increased (P < 0.05) in CPS-40 and CPS-60 supplemented groups at the time of AI and 50 days post-AI. Conclusions CPS supplementation has the capacity to maintain milk yield, milk composition and serum metabolites in Chinese Holstein dairy cows during summer. The synergistic effect of CPS and the modified oestrus synchronisation protocol also improved reproductive variables of the cows. Implications Adoption of CPS as a supplement along with oestrus synchronisation could be a useful and economical strategy for dairy herd keepers to improve herd performance during summer.
Anthracene-induced formation of highly twisted metallacycle and its crystal structure and tunable assembly behaviors
Authors: Chen Chongyi , Sun Yan , Zhao Yue , VanderLinden Ryan T. , Tuo Wei , Zhang Fengmin , Zhang Shuwei , Sepehrpour Hajar , Yan Chaoguo , Wang Jin , Li Dan , Stang Peter J.
Published: June 2021

Significance

Macroscale organisms maintain a high degree of orderliness on an extremely small scale. Inspired by natural assemblies, anthracene-based organoplatinum metallacycles were designed as building blocks. Instead of the expected planar rectangles, a highly twisted structure was generated due to strong π···π stacking interactions and steric hindrance between the two anthracene ligands. Enhanced emission of the metallacycle in solution was observed due to restrictions on the conformational change of anthracenes introduced by the intramolecular twist and aggregation of metallacycle. The as-prepared twisted metallacycle was used as a building block to construct suprastructures. The optical properties and self-assembly behavior of the metallacycle in different solvent systems were systematically investigated. This study facilitates the rational design of metallacycle-based emissive multifunctional materials.
Soil biota and non-native plant invasions.
Authors:   Division of Biological Sciences and the Institute on Ecosystems,University of Montana,Missoula,Montana,USA., Callaway Ragan M. , Lucero Jacob E. ,   Department of Biology,York University,Toronto,Ontario,Canada.
Published: June 2021

The trajectory of plant invasions - for better or for worse - can be tied to interactions between plants and the soil community. Here, we highlight five broad ways in which belowground interactions can influence the trajectory of biological invasions by non-native plant species. First, many non-native plant species in their non-native ranges can interact very differently with the resident soil community than do native species. Second, non-native plant species often interact very differently with the soil community in their non-native ranges than in their native ranges, which can result in enemy release from antagonistic interactions. Third, non-native plant species can cultivate a soil community that disproportionately harms native competitors in invaded communities. Fourth, antagonistic soil biota in invaded communities can reduce the performance of non-native plant species, resulting in meaningful biotic resistance against invasion. Fifth, besides or in addition to antagonistic interactions with soil biota, soil mutualisms can promote the success of invasive plant species (i) when mutualists co-invade with non-native plant species that require obligate specialist mutualists, (ii) when mutualists enhance the performance of non-native plant species in their non-native ranges, and (iii) when biotic interactions in the invaded community suppress the soil mutualists of native plant species. We conclude that management practices aimed at manipulating plant - soil interactions have considerable potential to help control plant invasions, but further work is needed to understand the spatial, temporal, taxonomic and biogeographic drivers of context dependence in interactions among plants and soil biota.
The role of plant-plant facilitation in non-native plant invasions.
Authors:   Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile, Cavieres Lohengrin A. ,   Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile.
Published: June 2021

Biological invasions are one the most important drivers of the current environmental changes generating important biodiversity losses. Although several hypotheses have been proposed to understand the mechanisms underpinning biological invasions, most of them relate to negative interactions among native and invasive species, where the capacity for many invasive species to reduce diversity is often attributed to a greater competitiveness. However, neighbouring species can also show facilitative interactions, where the presence of one species can facilitate another directly by improving environmental conditions or indirectly through negative effects on a third party species. This chapter reviews the scientific literature on plant invasion, seeking examples of where facilitative interactions either among native and non-native plant species or among non-native species were demonstrated. There are several examples of native species that directly facilitate a non-native species, while examples of native species having a negative effect either on a native or a non-native species that compete with a target non-native, generating a net indirect facilitative effect of the native on the target non-native, are less numerous. Direct facilitation among non-native species has been reported as part of the 'invasional meltdown' phenomenon (Chapter 8, this volume). There are cases where non-native species can have a negative effect on a native species that competes with a target non-native, generating a net indirect facilitative effect among the non-natives. Finally, a non-native species can have a direct facilitative effect on native species, which might have important implications in restoration.
Direct and indirect effects of herbivores influencing plant invasions.
Authors:   Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,University of Toronto Mississauga,Mississauga,Ontario,Canada., Kotanen Peter M.
Published: June 2021

Non-native plants rarely escape damage by herbivores. Instead, upon arrival in a new region, they begin to acquire new enemies, replacing those they have lost during their migration. These herbivores can include both natives to the new region and species that have themselves been accidentally or deliberately introduced from elsewhere, potentially including examples originating from the invader's original range. Shifts of new enemies from other hosts can occur over a range of timescales, depending in part on whether evolutionary change is required, but are likely to be faster for plants that are widespread and phylogenetically related to a herbivore's original host, and faster for generalist herbivores than for specialists. The occurrence of herbivores is not necessarily uniform across an invader's range; instead, they may be less diverse or abundant in host populations that are geographically or ecologically marginal, though existing evidence is mixed. Collectively, these new suites of herbivores can affect the growth and fitness of invaders, both directly by damaging them and indirectly by attacking their competitors. Studies comparing the demographic consequences of herbivory for successful vs unsuccessful invaders may help to clarify how often such impacts limit invasiveness. The view that an invader enters 'enemy-free' space is inaccurate; instead, persistence and spread of non-native plants often may be affected by the novel and changing assemblage of herbivores that they acquire within their new distribution.
The effect of non-native plant invasions on the dispersal of native seeds.
Authors:   Centre for Functional Ecology,Department of Life Sciences,University of Coimbra,Coimbra,Portugal., Heleno Ruben H.
Published: June 2021

Non-native plants change the communities they integrate in multiple ways, including direct and indirect effects on co-occurring native vegetation. While direct effects are more obvious, indirect effects, i.e. those mediated by biotic interactions with other trophic levels, can also have pervasive consequences for long-term community persistence. Seed dispersal is a critical stage during the life cycle of most plants, as it lays the foundations for plant recruitment patterns and long-term vegetation dynamics. By interacting with seed-dispersing animals, primarily frugivorous birds and mammals, plants can positively or negatively affect the dispersal of co-occurring native seeds. In an increasingly invaded world, it is thus critically important to identify general trends on the direction and magnitude of these effects. This chapter reviews the empirical evidence supporting such changes and the potential underlying mechanisms driving them. While the direct impacts of plant invasions are relatively easy to document, indirect effects are much harder to detect. Nevertheless, the most important consequence of the incorporation of new fruiting plants into native communities seems to be a direct competition for the services provided by the local dispersers, negatively affecting native seed dispersal rates. However, another key message emerging from the literature is that responses are highly idiosyncratic, and usually habitat- and species-specific, and therefore resistant to broad generalizations. Fruiting phenology, and in particular the synchrony/asynchrony between the availability of native and non-native fruits, seems to be a particularly important driver of the direction of the responses (i.e. towards facilitation or competition). However, most evidence is still derived from anecdotal observations and formal community level assessments are largely missing. Similarly, how invasive plants change the emergent structure of seed dispersal networks remains uncertain, with early evidence suggesting that novel seed dispersal networks might be structurally very similar to native ones. Bringing together classic experimental designs and new technical and analytical tools to provide broad synthesis will be vital in the near future to clarify the direction, magnitude and generality of these effects.