bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
جودة مياه الري (المياه الجوفية) في بعض مزارع مشروع حمزة الزراعي
Authors: محمد سعدة معتوق على , سلمان هناء قنديل
Published: June 2023

هدفت هذه الدراسة تعين جودة مياه الري (المياه الجوفية) في المزارع الواقعة في مشروع حمزة الزراعي، وذلك من خلال دراسة بعض الخواص الفيزيائية كاللون والطعم والرائحة بالإضافة إلي قياس الأس الهيدروجيني (pH) والإيصالية الكهربائية (EC)، وأيضا دراسة الخواص الكيميائية من خلال قياس بعض العناصر المعدنية والثقيلة مثل (الحديد، النحاس، النيكل، الرصاص، الكادميوم). وجمعت العينات من (8) آبار بمعدل (5) لتر/بئر، وبواقع (3) مكررات/بئر، وأظهرت نتائج الخواص الفيزيائية أن جميع الآبار لا طعم لها ولا رائحة ولا لون، بينما نتائج (pH) تراوحت ما بين (6.5-8) وهي ضمن الحد المسموح به، ماعدا في البئر الثاني (4.8) أقل من الحد المسموح به، بينما نتائج الإيصالية كانت أقل من الحد المسموح به في المزرعة الثالثة والرابعة الخامسة والسادسة والسابعة والثامنة (189.6،182.3، 224، 183.3، 223، 430 ميكروسيمنس/سم) على التوالي. بينما أظهرت نتائج الكشف عن العناصر المعدنية والثقيلة أن الحديد أقل من الحد الطبيعي وتراوحت ما بين (0.02-0.01ppm )، فيما عدا البئر السادس دون حد الكشف، والنحاس أقل من الحد الطبيعي في جميع الآبار (0.11، 0.04، 0.04، 0.02،0.03، 0.02، 0.02، 0.07ppm )، أما النيكل سجل أعلي من الحد المسموح به حيث تراوحت ما بين (0.8-0.05ppm ) ماعدا البئر الاول والسادس دون حد الكشف، بينما الرصاص سجل بمعدلات عالية في جميع الآبار حيث كانت التراكيز (0.15، 0.17، 0.11، 0.06، 0.11، 0.13، 0،33، 0.09ppm )، أما الكادميوم تراوحت التراكيز ما بين (0.01-0.001 ppm) فيما عدا البئر الثاني دون حد الكشف.
Reeds and Reedmace Bioreactor Technique in Wastewater Heavy Metals Treatment, Rhizofiltration
Authors: Mohamed Ramadan Aishah , Elssaidi Mohamed Ali , Ateya Fatima Ali
Published: June 2023

Direct usage of plants to decrease pollution in groundwater and surface water, has gained popularity in both academic and applied fields. Phytoremediation is a low-cost technique and environmentally beneficial technology; heavy metals are absorbed via aquatic plants also usage aqua plants as fertilizer since Phragmites australis have the capability to regrow when harvesting. This would allow heavy metals to be removed from waterways over multiple growing seasons; there was a significant difference in the concentration of copper between reeds bioreactors before and after treatment. The concentration of Cu decreased from 4.00 to 0.0087 mg/L. The lower concentration of Cu values at end of the experiment might be due absorption of heavy metals from the contaminated media. The concentration of Zn was also lower than before planting having the lower concentration (0.0868 mg/L) in the fifth hydroponic. Reed has a high ability to reduce zinc concentration. The concentrations of Co and Cd decreased from 0.400 to 0.043 mg/L. As shown in the results, the levels of concentration of Cd in the reeds bioreactor were decreased. Also, the concentration of Mn decreased from 20 to 0.0219 mg/L. Moreover, Reedmace has the capacity to clean up contaminated water. The values of Cu concentration decreased from 4.00 to 0.0477 mg/L during the entire growth period. Zn from 20 to 0.1685 mg/L. Also, the concentrations of Co and Cd decreased from 0.400 to 0.043 mg/L. The concentration of Mn decreased from 20 to 0.0133 mg/L. The efficiency of reeds bioreactor for heavy metals removal in the following sequence: Mn (99.89%) > Cu (99.78%) > Zn (99.65%) > Co (89.2%) > Cd (86.08%). On the other hand, the sequence of removal efficiency of the Reedmace bioreactor was in the following sequence: Mn (99.93%) > Zn (99.15%) > Cu (98.81%) > Mn (89.25%) > Cd (88.40%).
Health Effects of Environmental Pollutants on Workers in the Libyan Plastic Factories, Part B: Based on Molecular Levels Characteristics
Authors: Alayeb Suliman O.
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to disclose the reasons for the health damage and heritable genetic mutations among workers in plastic manufactories due to negative environmental impacts. Moreover, this study may constitute an initial database that expresses the negative impact on the environment in the plastics factories that may have a negative impact on workers. To study the effects of long-term exposure to plastic and its solvent vapors during plastic manifesting on the blood DNA contents, blood samples were withdrawn from volunteers working in a plastics factory in Kasr Alakhyar city, Libya. Six different samples were collected from Workers exposed to plastic vapor for different periods as follows, control (did not expose to plastic vapor), one-year exposure, three years' exposure, six years' exposure, seven years' exposure, and twelve years' exposure.

Blood samples were collected and subjected to molecular analysis using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR). Molecular analyses were performed to assess the genotoxicity effect of plastic vapor on the molecular level. On the molecular level, the DNA of the six aforementioned volunteers was extracted and subjected to RAPD analysis. The results showed several differences in the banding patterns was recorded between the control volunteer and volunteer and those who exposed to plastic and its solvents vapor for different exposure periods. These changes in the banding patterns suggested that a modification in the genomic DNA occurred in form of modifications in the nitrogen bases of the genomic DNA as a response to the exposure to plastic vapor for a different time exposure.
Palynofacies Analysis of Selected Organic-rich Shales from Libyan Sahara: Implication to Palaeoenvironment and Hydrocarbon Source Rock Potential
Authors: Shushan Ismail Elforjani
Published: June 2023

Palynofacies analysis was carried out on three (3) packages of shale-cutting samples derived from a well drilled within Gadames Basin. These included: the upper package (Carboniferous at 5,530 ft), the middle package (Carboniferous/Devonian at 5,600 ft and 5,780 ft), and the lower package (Devonian at 6,700 ft). Two palynofacies were identified: "P-1", involving the upper and middle packages (Carboniferous/Devonian), and "P-2", involving the lower package (Devonian). P-1 and P-2 were considered to form one "palynofacies association" located at a mud-dominated oxic shelf (distal shelf) and are analogous to other palynofacies from other countries that are characterized by the dominance of terrestrial upon marine palynomorphs and moderate to low phytoclasts and AOM respectively that typically deposited within a shoreline zone (probably fluvial-deltaic source or marginal marine environment). Spore color index "SCI" evaluation for source rock and thermal maturation, in turn, indicates early mature oil/gas prone (kerogen type II>III) to post mature kerogen type III>IV "gas prone" for the studied cutting sample packages.
دور واهمية تطبيق نظم تخطيط موارد المؤسسة في تطوير الموانئ البحرية، ميناء طرابلس البحري
Authors: مسعود أمحمد سعد أمحمد , خليفة نرمين , حداد إيمان , السعداني محمد
Published: June 2023

يهدف البحث إلى دراسة أهمية ودور تطبيق نظم تخطيط موارد المؤسسة في تطوير الموانئ البحرية، وقد تم أخذ ميناء طرابلس البحري كدراسة حالة بهدف تحسين اداءه وكفاءته كنتيجة لضعف أداء الموانئ الليبية عامة وميناء طرابلس البحري خاصة، حيث أنه يعاني من فجوة تكنولوجية أمام الانفتاح والتطور الحاصل في موانئ العالم. تمت الدراسة باستخدام المنهج التحليل الوصفي للاستبانة، وقد إحتوت العينة على (150) إستبانة تم توزيعها في مقر الشركة الليبية للموانئ بطرابلس، وقد تم تحليل الاختبارات والفرضيات والانحدار الخطي المتعدد على الاستبانات (106). لقد توصلت الدراسة إلى العديد من النتائج ومن أهمها وجود علاقة ارتباط قوية بين تطبيق نطم تخطيط الموارد بالمؤسسة والعمليات بالميناء. وتوصي الدراسة إلى أنه لنجاح تطبيق نظم تخطيط موارد المؤسسة لابد من توافر موارد مادية وبشرية مؤهله ومناسبة.
تحسين خاصية الحماية من التآكل للصلب المنخفض الكروم في البيئات الرطبة
Authors: سلطان عبدالرحمن , الساحلي فتحي
Published: June 2023

يستخدم الصلب منخفض الكروم فى الصناعات النفطية والبتروكيميائية على نطاق واسع لقدرته على التخميل وحماية نفسه من التآكل، ولكن عند وجود الكروم بكمية منخفضة تم تسجيل معدلات تآكل أعلى لهذا الصلب في الأجواء الرطبة. أجريت اختبارات الأكسدة للصلب P-5(5%Cr) و(9%Cr)P-91 في خليط من الغازات ممثل بالصيغة 21% نيتروجين و 79% بخار ماء  عند درجة حرارة 500oم باستخدام تقنية التحليل الحراري الوزني(TGA). أظهرت نتائج الاختبارات أن الصلب P-91 يحتفظ بمقاومة أكسدة أفضل من الصلب P-5 في بيئة (H2O+N2)، كما أدى إضافة الأكسجين الحر إلى تقليل معدل تآكل الصلب P-5 بمعدل يصل إلى 42%، إضافة إلى ذلك يمكن تحسين مقاومة التآكل للصلب P-5 إما عن طريق زيادة محتوى الكروم من 5 إلى 9% أو إضافة الأكسجين الحر 4 أضعاف كمية الماء الموجودة في البيئة الرطبة المدروسة.
دراسة المحتوى الغذائي و نشاط التغذية لنوعين من أسماك الصاورو Trachurus trachurus (Linneaus,758) و Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868) في جنوب البحر المتوسط (الساحل الليبي الغربي).
Authors: الاسود هالة محمد
Published: June 2023

تم تجميع 235 عينة من النوعين منها 128من النوع  Trachurus trachurusو107 من النوع Trachurus mediterraneus من الساحل الغربي الممتد من ساحل مدينة صرمان شرقاً إلى صبراته غرباً وتمت دراسة محتوى المعدة والنشاط الغذائي باستخدام مؤشر الأهمية النسبية ومعامل الانفراغ وقياس معامل الحالة الغذائية خلال فصلي الشتاء والربيع. وجدت نتائج الدراسة أن النوع  T. trachurus يتغذى على القشريات (Shrimp, Isopoda) ويرقة Megalop larvae والديدان الحلقية (Polychaeta)، أما النوع T. mediterraneus فيتغذى على Teleostei، والقشريات ويرقاتهاShirmp, Isopoda, Megalop larvae) )، حيث كان الغذاء الرئيسي للنوعين هو القشريات، والغذاء العرضي الديدان متعددة الأشواك، كما أن نشاط التغذية ونوع الغذاء تأثر بتغير الفصل.
المشاكل البيئية والصحية المصاحبة لإنتاج النفط والغاز في مناطق الهلال النفطي وجنوب شرق ليبيا
Authors: أمهنى صالح أمحمد , السكران سالم عقيلة , عطية علي منصور
Published: June 2023

اهتمت الدراسة باستعراض وتحليل المشاكل البيئية والصحية المصاحبة لإنتاج النفط والغاز في مناطق الهلال النفطي والجنوب الشرقي في ليبيا، وذلك من خلال استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، حيث بينت نتائج الدراسة أن أهم مصادر التلوث كانت المياه المصاحبة، الغازات المنبعثة، بقايا سوائل الحفر والمخلفات الصلبة بالإضافة إلى التسريبات والاعتداءات على خزانات وخطوط نقل النفط والغاز. هذه الملوثات تعد من أخطر مهددات البيئة والصحة إن لم تراعِ ضوابط السلامة. إذ يحتوي البترول الخام على مواد سامة مثل الكبريت، الرصاص وغيرهما وهذه المواد تشكل خطراً كبيراً على البيئة بمناطق الإنتاج والتكرير والتوزيع، وكذلك عبر خطوط النقل المختلفة. والتي أدت إلى تلوث الهواء، المياه الجوفية، التربة، الشواطئ في مناطق الهلال النفطي والجنوب الشرقي، حيث أثر هذا التلوث بشكل كبير على حياة الناس وخاصة في مناطق الواحات. لذلك أوصت الدراسة بفرض إجراء تقييم الأثر البيئي بشكل مفصّل قبل البدء بأي نشاطات للعمليات النفطية واستخدام تقنية نظم المعلومات الجغرافية في المراقبة البيئية لحقول النفط مثل رصد الأنابيب المتسرّبة، والأحواض المفتوحة، واقتراح برنامج لمعالجة المشاكل البيئية للمجتمعات السكانية المتضررة.
دراسة أنواع الأورام بالمعهد القومي لعلاج الأورام مصراته ومعرفة الفئات العمرية الأكثر إصابة في المنطقة الوسطى بليبيا
Authors: عزام كامل صبحي , بن موسى محمد بلعيد , عبد الصمد عائشة فوزي
Published: June 2023

أجريت هذه الدراسة على إحصائيات المعهد القومي لعلاج الأورام مصراته، بالفترة من 2013 حتى 2019، استهدفت الدراسة معرفة أكثر الأورام تسجيلا وأكثر الفئات العمرية تسجيلاً وكذلك أكثر المدن التي وردت منها الحالات، كذلك تم عمل معادلة تنبؤيه لمعدلات الزيادة المتوقعة في أعداد المسجلين بالأنواع المختلفة للأورام للسنوات القادمة، وأيضاً معادلة تنبؤيه لمعدلات التزايد المتوقعة في مدن المنطقة الوسطى، حيث تبين من خلال الدراسة أن عدد الحالات المسجلة كان(6,484 حالة) في المدة المشار إليها، وكانت من أكثر العشر أورام تسجيلاً على التوالي: أولاً سرطان الثدي بعدد 1,431 حالة، ثانياً سرطان القولون بعدد 1,004 حالة، وثالثاً سرطان الرئة 626 حالة، كما بينت الدراسة أن أكثر فئة عمرية تعرضت للإصابة هي الفئة (41 الي 50 عام)، وتلتها الفئة (51-60 عام)، كذلك تبين من خلال الدراسة أن نسبة الإصابة بالسرطان لدى الإناث أكبر من الذكور في أغلب الأعوام وهي 53.92% إناث، و46.08% ذكور، أما من حيث المدن المسجلة من المنطقة الوسطى، فقد سجلت مدينة مصراته أكثر عدد للمرضى بكل أعوام الدراسة، وسجلت مدينة زليتن ثاني أكثر عدد حالات، وثالثاً مدينة الخمس ثم مدينة سرت تلتها مدينة مسلاته ثم مدينة ترهونة فمدينة بني وليد وبالمرتبة الثامنة كانت مدينة قصر الأخيار.
X-Ray Radiological Study for Skeleton of Rounded Fantail Stingray Taeniura grabata from Susah, Libya
Authors: Buzaid Esam M. K.
Published: June 2023

A sample of Round Fantail Stingray Taeniura grabata was brought, from Susah harbor in east Libya, to establish radiographically, it was situated Dorsal-ventrally, to diagnose skeleton and tooth plate, using Siemens X-ray System (Multix Fusion). In the Multi-graded radiograph, the specimen skeleton was so pale white in most of the axial skeleton and parts of the cranium, and poorly calcified. 88 pectoral radials: 41 propterygials, 15 mesopterygial, and 32 metapterygial radials, with 22 pelvic radials counted. Fin radials were attached to the scapulocoracoid by three enlarged basal radials. The superficial muscles were darker in coloration. About 80 Pre-sting vertebrae, 50 Post-sting with 62 pre-caudal vertebrae, were collected into 192 vertebrae in the tail. There were 32 upper teeth rows, and 36 lower teeth rows, they were small, blunt, and arranged into flattened surfaces. The neurocranium is slightly elongated, longer than 1.5 times in width. Nasal capsules process about 30% of neuro-cranial desk length. Meckel’s cartilages were broadly triangular. The bronchial skeleton comprises five arches. Also, a single small bridge projects ventrally from the medial plate. Jaws are very robust and small.
Determining Pollution Level for the Marine Environment Using the Pollution Load Index
Authors: ELhariri Khadija S. , Hamouda Mohamed S. , ELmughrbe Mariam M.
Published: June 2023

Monitoring means Monitoring, Data, Indicators, Assessment, and Knowledge. Based on this context the Pollution Load Index (PLI), has been applied using the data obtained from the analysis of water and algae. Algae and Posidonia oceanic were considered as good candidates among the different species selected by the United Nation Environmental Program (UNEP). The concentrations of the metals (Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu) were measured in two marine green algae namely Ulva sp and Enteromorpha sp, that were collected from four Sites, during the winter and summer seasons. The results of the PLI calculated showed that the values for Enteromorpha species were 1.2 indicating a polluted condition, while PLI values for Ulva species were 3.3. With regard to site B (Juliana area), the PLI value for Ulva species was found to be 4.1 indicating an acceptable condition while it was a clean condition for the Enteromorpha species at the same sites. Enteromorpha species is a good accumulator of heavy metals and could be also a good candidate for monitoring the Libyan coastline. The results also show that the PLI index could be an important tool for the assessment of the marine environment.
The Relationship between the Green Port Concept and Competitiveness (A Comparative Applied Study for the Port of Tripoli)
Authors: Elfarsi Ezzeldeen , Ekram Amr , Elkwafi Wesam , Ismail Ahmed
Published: June 2023

Seaports are supposed to function in an ever-changing environment. The dynamics of the changes and challenges are expanding, mainly because of global trade trends and industry developments. Seaports must remain innovative and prepared to keep pace with and participate in these changes. In addition, most of the countries of the world are moving towards making their ports green to increase their competitiveness, and make them without pollution. This research aims to convert the port of Tripoli from a traditional port to a green port to increase its competitiveness among other Mediterranean ports. Using a review of previous papers in the field.
Analytical Approach for Estimation of Wave Transmission Coefficient for Π-Shaped Floating Breakwater
Authors: Alamailes Abubaker
Published: June 2023

This study presents a simplified analytical approach, based on power transmission theory, to estimate the transmission coefficient of a π-shaped floating breakwater (FB) with finite width. In evaluating the transmitted wave power, this approach considers both the incident wave kinetic power and the heave oscillation of the FB. Additional power due to the acceleration of the floating body and the hydrodynamic mass increases the transmitted wave power behind the FB and consequently increases the transmission coefficient. The proposed theoretical approach is validated using laboratory-scale experimental data obtained from the literature for π-shaped FB. The results of the proposed approach are in good to excellent agreement with those of experimental studies. In addition, the reliability of the proposed approach is assessed by comparing its results with those of other theoretical models. The effects of sea depth, relative draft, and incident wave height on the magnitude of the transmission coefficient are examined. It is found that the effect of the incident wave height distinguishes the proposed model from others in the existing literature.
دراسة مسامية الصخور الكربوناتية (تكوين ليدام) باستخدام السرود البئرية، حقل الحميد، بحوض سرت الرسوبي، ليبيا.
Authors: المشخي عبد السلام مفتاح , الهيلي عبدالله محمد , بن قمو محمد رمضان , أبو جبيرة عبدالسلام صالح , شاماطه نوح عبدالحفيظ
Published: June 2023

هدف البحث إلى تحديد وحساب أنواع المسامية المختلفة بالطريقة الغير مباشرة (سرود الآبار) لتكوين ليدام، وعلاقة المسامية بالخواص البتروفيزيائية الأخرى مثل التركيب المعدني، المحتوي الطفلي، التشبع بالنفط، العمليات التحويرية وكذلك علاقة المسامية الكلية بالمسامية الفعالة ومقارنتها بالطرق المباشرة والتي تم حسابها في المعمل عن طريق العينات اللُبّية. أستخدم في هذه الدراسة طريقتين لتحديد وحساب المسامية هما الطريقة البيانية وطريقة التحليل بالمعادلات الرياضية. من خلال النتائج أمكن تقسيم تكوين ليدام في هذا البئر إلى خمسة نطاقات من الأسفل إلى الأعلى حسب الصفة الصخرية من حجم الدولوميت والانهيدرايت وكذلك الكالسيت. كما أشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى تأثر المسامية بالخواص البتروفيزيائية، فقيم المسامية الفعالة تتطابق مع قيم المسامية الكلية في النطاقات التي تحتوي على نسب عالية من الدولوميت، وهذا يدل على حدوث عملية الدلمتة وبالتالي تشير إلى المسامية الثانوية، بينما تتفاوت هذه القيم عند النطاقات المحتوية على الطفلة والانهيدرايت، أما بالنسبة للتشبع بالنفط فهو يحتل معظم المسامية الفعالة. في حين أن ارتفاع نسبة الطفل في تكوين ليدام في النطاق العلوي أدى إلى انخفاض نسبة المسامية الفعالة مما أثر على تواجد النفط.
Occurrence of Ceratothoa capri (Trilles, 1964) in Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1766) in the Libyan Coasts
Authors: Kashlut Zahra S.
Published: June 2023

Ceratothoa is an important ectoparasite affecting many species of commercial fish. 40 individuals of wild bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix (L, 1758), were collected during October and November 2022. One pullus Cetratothoa capri parasite was found inside the bluefish gill, P. saltatrix from the coasts of Libya, in the southern Mediterranean determination, the infection rate of the fish was 2.5%. This is the first study from Libya on the presence of C. capri in bluefish.
Study of the Physiochemical and Microbial Properties of the Waters of the Seashore in the City of Tocra, Libya
Authors: Alrwab Nadia Ali , Al-Ghazali Hidaya Yunis
Published: June 2023

The current study aimed to assess the state of water quality in Tocra beach (Libya). The physical, chemical, and bacterial properties of water were also studied. Water samples were collected from the sea and sediments for three consecutive months in the year (2020-2021) to study the following factors (water temperature, salinity, electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved salts, chemical and biological requirements for oxygen, dissolved organic matter, and active nitrate). It was noted through these results that the proportions of these variables did not exceed the record numbers of seawater, in addition to the presence of contamination with the bacteria Escherichia coli (Negative gram) and it has proven its effectiveness for antibiotics, which indicates sewage pollution.
FEM Simulation as a Tool for Planning and Optimizing the Rubber Pad Forming Process
Authors: Benisa Muamar M. , Senussi Galal H. , Tawengi Abdalla S. , Shtewi Abdelnasir M.
Published: June 2023

Manufacturing press-formed metallic components by conventional methods needs a burdensome trial-and-error process to set up the technology, which success depends, largely, upon the operator’s skill and experience. The finite element (FE) simulations of sheet-metal-forming processes assist the manufacturing engineer to design a forming process by shifting the costly press-shop try-outs to the computer-aided design environment. The purpose of applying numerical simulations of a manufacturing process such as rubber-pad forming is to avoid the trial-and-error procedure and shorten the development phases when tight times-to-market are demanded. The main aim of the investigation presented in this paper was to develop a numerical model that would be able to, successfully, simulate a rubber-pad forming process. The finite-element method was used for blank- and rubber-behavior predictions during the process. The study focused on simulating and investigating significant parameters (such as forming force and stress and strain distribution in a blank) which are associated with the rubber-pad forming process, also the capabilities of this process regarding the manufacturing of aircraft wing ribs and ships. As a result, the stress and strain distribution in a blank as well as the forming force were identified. The experimental analysis of a rib with a lightning hole showed a close correlation between the FE simulations and the experimental results.
دور نظم المعلومات الجغرافية في حماية البيئة ومراقبة التلوث: أنموذج عملي (الشركة الليبية للحديد والصلب)
Authors: معيتيق عبد العظيم سالم , الترجمان وسام محمد , الجمل جمال محمد
Published: June 2023

تتمتع الشركة الليبية للحديد والصلب بأهمية كبرى في الاقتصاد القومي لما توفره من مساهمة كبيرة في الناتج المحلي الإجمالي، إلا أن أحد التحديات (إن لم يكن أهمها) التي تواجه الشركة اليوم تحتم على إدارتها إدراك أن أحد الجوانب المؤثرة على استمرارية الشركة في القيام بدورها هو العمل على الدفع باتجاه مشاريع تطوير أنظمة المعلومات الحديثة بمختلف أنواعها. وفي ضوء الدور الذي تلعبه المعلومات في هذا العصر وما لها من أهمية في الإدارة الحديثة للمؤسسات الكبرى فإننا لا نبالغ إن قلنا بأن نجاح أو فشل القرارات التي يتم اتخاذها في أي مؤسسة اليوم يعتمد بالدرجة الأولى على دقة وموثوقية المعلومات التي تبنى عليها تلك القرارات. ونظرا لطبيعة عمل مصانع الشركة وتأثيرها وتأثرها المباشر بالبيئة المحيطة بها فقد رأينا أن نقدم في هذه الدراسة خطة استراتيجية لإدارة البيانات المناخية والبيئية داخل الشركة الليبية للحديد والصلب.تساهم هذه الدراسة من الناحية الأكاديمية بإعطاء قالب عام لتصميم نظم للمعلومات الجغرافية. أما من الناحية العملية، فسنقدم نموذج لتطبيق جيومكاني لصالح إدارة البيانات المناخية بالشركة. هذا التطبيق يطور آليات عمل الإدارة وذلك باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية وتقنيات الاستشعار عن بعد لبناء أنظمة فعالة لرصد الوضع البيئي القائم ومصادر التلوث والأخطار البيئية المحتملة. الأمر الذي يسهل على الإدارة اتخاذ الإجراءات المناسبة للتخفيف من تلك الانبعاثات والملوثات. كما تقدم هذ الدراسة عدداً من المقترحات والتوصيات لتطوير العمل بالإدارة وذلك عن طريق إنشاء قاعدة بيانات جغرافية لكل القطاعات والمصانع لتسهيل الوصول للمعلومة المطلوبة في أقصر وقت وإتاحة إمكانية التنبؤ بالمشاكل البيئية المحتملة بحيث يمكن وضع الحلول لها قبل وقوعها.
Evaluación ecológica rápida de mamíferos grandes y medianos en el humedal Ramsar Abras de Mantequilla (Los Ríos, Ecuador)
Authors: Vera Evelyn , Salas Jaime A.
Published: June 2023

Abras de Mantequilla es un humedal de importancia internacional Ramsar, el cual se encuentra sometido a varios tensores antropogénicos y es un espacio en donde los mamíferos grandes y medianos no han sido estudiados. Se realizó una evaluación rápida de este grupo en dos zonas con diferente grado de perturbación, entre los meses de marzo a diciembre de 2016. La información fue levantada mediante métodos directos e indirectos, así como por entrevistas no estructuradas. La diversidad alfa fue calculada mediante el índice de Shannon-Wiener, el esfuerzo de muestreo fue estimado con el análisis no paramétrico Chao 1 y la riqueza y abundancias relativas se representaron mediante curvas de rango-abundancia. Los valores de diversidad alfa fueron bajos y los sitios de estudio no mostraron diferencias en entre sí; las curvas presentaron una baja abundancia de mamíferos; la especie dominante fue Alouatta palliata, por lo que se asume que existen procesos de defaunación como efecto de las presiones antrópicas. A pesar de esto, persisten especies listadas en alguna categoría de amenaza, como Lontra longicaudis, Odocoileus peruvianus y la ya indicada A. palliata, las cuales, por su potencial como especies carismáticas, podrían ser consideradas objetivos de conservación.occidente de Ecuador
Diversidad de murciélagos de la provincia de Pastaza, Amazonía del Ecuador
Authors: Tirira Diego G.
Published: June 2023

El estudio de la diversidad biológica en espacios geográficos definidos es importante para la implementación de planes de manejo y la identificación de vacíos de conocimiento. En el presente estudio reporto la presencia de 99 especies de murciélagos para esta provincia, correspondientes a 50 géneros y 7 familias. Estos resultados provienen del análisis de 4185 registros de 83 localidades, datos que los obtuve de 26 colecciones científicas y museos de historia natural, además de registros de ejemplares no colectados y otros datos disponibles en la literatura. Según los resultados obtenidos, la provincia de Pastaza tendría la segunda mayor riqueza de quirópteros en el Ecuador. La predicción del índice Chao 1 indica un estimado máximo de 115 especies. Este número demostraría que la riqueza de la provincia todavía no ha llegado a su asíntota, valor que es corroborado con la curva de acumulación de especies y la revisión de especies ausentes y vacíos de información. En cuanto a la diversidad ecológica, la provincia registra 10 de los 11 gremios tróficos posibles, entre los cuales destacan los murciélagos frugívoros y los insectívoros, tanto en diversidad como en abundancia. También presentó comentarios taxonómicos, registros notables y material de museo a revisar.
Comparison of Bipolar and Monopolar Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumours: A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Haque MD Faizul , Samir Swain Samir Swain , Mishra Aparajita , Panda Sabyasachi , Hota Datteswar
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The standard treatment of Urinary Bladder Cancer (UBC) is Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumours (TURBT) commonly using a monopolar resection system. Bipolar-TURBT (B-TURBT) is associated with better haemostasis than MonopolarTURBT (M-TURBT). Despite this, there exists controversy whether B-TURBT can completely replace M-TURBT. Aim: To assess the perioperative outcomes of B-TURBT and compare it with the conventional monopolar system (M-TURBT). Materials and Methods: The present randomised clinical study was conducted at the Department of Urology of SCB Medical College, Cuttack between January 2018 and January 2020. Fifty patients of either sex, aged >18 years with urinary bladder tumour size of ≤4 cm were included in the study. Patients were randomly assigned into B-TURBT and M-TURBT treatment groups. Demographic data (age and sex), morphology, location, shape, grade, stages of transitional cell carcinoma, degree of artifact were analysed and compared. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. The qualitative and quantitative variables between the groups were compared using independent sample t-test and chi-square test, respectively. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 50 patients with UBC were evaluated in this study where the majority of patients were male 45 (90.0%) with mean age 60.9 years. The most common morphologies were papillary tumour (28.0%), broad solid mass (22.0%), and papillary solitary (22.0%). Total 25 patients underwent M-TURBT and 25 patients underwent B-TURBT. Older patients (>55 years) had a higher rate of severe artifact compared to younger patients (<55 years). The B-TURBT had a significantly lower rate of artifact compared to M-TURBT (p-value <0.001). The need for secondary procedure was comparatively higher in M-TURBT than in bipolar resection (p-value=0.253). The obturator jerk and bladder perforation were not observed in this study. Conclusion: The B-TURBT had a lower incidence of severe artifact and restaged TURBT as compared to M-TURBT. Thus, B-TURBT is a safer and more effective treatment for patients with UBC.
Evaluation of Outcomes between the Right and Left-Sided Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy in a Tertiary Care Center: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kakarla Venkateshwara Rao , Parachuri Sanjay , Dileep M , Mehra Kunal
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Several studies have corroborated the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy for the removal of adrenal tumours however, there is very limited clinical evidence comparing right and left transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomies. This comparison enables surgeons in preoperative counseling of patients regarding postoperative outcomes. Aim: To evaluate the outcomes between the right and left-sided laparoscopic adrenalectomy in patients admitted to a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study considered data from patients, who underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy between December 2013- December 2019 admitted to the Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre. All the selected subjects with adrenal tumours were operated on by a single surgeon through a standardised transperitoneal laparoscopic approach for right and left-side adrenalectomies. The data collected were age, gender, symptoms, size of the tumour, duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, complications, duration of stay and histopathology of tumours. Both sides were compared for age, gender, size of tumour, operative time, blood loss, duration of hospital stay, histopathological diagnosis, benign and malignant lesions. The Student’s t-test was used for the evaluation of continuous data and the Chi-square test and Fisher’s-exact test for categorical variables. Results: The study considered the data of 42 patients. The corresponding number of subjects who had undergone right and left adrenalectomies for various adrenal pathologies were 18 (42.85%, 9 each of both genders) and 24 (17 males, 7 females). The mean age for right-sided adrenalectomy was 44.17 and the left-side was 46.83. The mean tumour size (in cm) was significantly larger in the right-side group as opposed to the left-side (7.97±2.7 vs. 5.62±2.37, p-value=0.0053). The duration of surgery (136.22±25.53 vs.112.92±27.21 min, p=0.0074) and average intraoperative blood loss were also more in the rightside group (431.67±259.73 vs 277.08±193.92 mL, p=0.02). There was no significant difference in the mean duration of hospital stay between the groups (3.94±1.06 vs. 3.67±1.13, p=0.4212). The most common tumour was adenoma in both groups. No major complications were noted in either group. Conclusion: Outcomes were comparable between right and left-side adrenalectomies. However, longer mean operative time and larger tumour size were noted for right-side laparoscopic adrenalectomy
Aberrant Cytomorphological Features of Primary Plasma Cell Leukaemia: A Case Series
Authors: Gangadhar Prithal , George Lovely , Ilanthodi Sandhya , Rao Purnima S
Published: June 2023

Primary Plasma Cell Leukaemia (pPCL) is a rare but distinctive sub-type of Plasma Cell Myeloma (PCM) comprising approximately 2-4% of cases of PCM and characterised by short remissions and survivals. Apart from these clinical distinctions, this entity also demonstrates unique cytomorphological features. The authors here attempted to highlight this unusual spectrum of leukaemic plasma cells, posing diagnostic challenges in the blood and bone marrow examinations. The cases presented in this series (48 years old male, 72 years old male,68 years old male and 63 years old female) patients, showed presence of atypical cells in the peripheral smear with few cells portraying the characteristic “hairy cell” morphology, the fourth case in addition, showed small sized plasma cells resembling lymphocytes. Bone marrow biopsy in three cases showed haematopoetic cells replaced by sheets of atypical plasma cells. In addition, the fourth case showed atypical cells having convoluted and notched nuclei giving a differential diagnosis of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and small B-cell lymphoma with plasmacytic differentiation. As plasma cell neoplasm was not suspected clinically in all four cases, flow cytometry was sought for confirmation which showed atypical cells expressing CD38 (+), CD138 (+), CD56 (–) with Cykappa (+) in first case, Cylambda (+) in the second case and Cykappa (+) in the fourth case with aberrant expression of cyclin D1 thus confirming a diagnosis of PCL in first two cases and PCM-lymphocytic type with PCL in the fourth case. Immunophenotyping was not performed in the third case due to financial constraints. This case series showcases this mélange of cytomorphological variations of plasma cells ranging from cells masquerading as hairy cells to small sized plasma cells resembling lymphocytes, each posing a unique diagnostic dilemma. This has been rarely discussed in prior published case series. Aberrant morphological features rarely seen in PCL, could lead the pathologist astray from the diagnosis, therefore appropriate use of ancillary tests are essential to arrive at a correct diagnosis.
Effect of Intravitreal Injection of Ranibizumab on Diabetic Macular Oedema at a Tertiary Centre in West Bengal: A Prospective Study
Authors: Balan Vysakh , Biswas Atanu
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one among the many causes of visual loss in people all over the world. Diabetic Macular Oedema (DME) is the most common among vision threatening complications of DR, with a major impact on quality of life of the patient. The intravitreal ranibizumab injection (anti Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), which prevents neovascularisation, is given monthly with approved dose of 0.3/0.5 mg with or without laser in the option of choice for all cases of central involving macular oedema. Aim: To find out the effectiveness of injection ranibizumab on patients with DME and to provide the better line of treatment for DME patients. Materials and Methods: This prospective study with quasiexperimental design constituted all the Type I and II Diabetic patients attending Out Patient Department (OPD) in College of Medicine and JNM Hospital, West Bengal, India from December 2019 to January 2021. Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) images were obtained and used to diagnose macular oedema. Intravitreal injection ranibizumab (0.5 mg) was given as a standard treatment protocol with a dose interval of one month to all the DME patients. Foveal Thickness (FT) and Visual Acuity (VA) were evaluated before and after one month of injection. The t-test was used to compare the mean value of Central Macular Thickness (CMT) before and after intervention, p<0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Results: In the current study, (n=105), mean age of the population was 55.1 years and gender distribution being: females- 54 (51.4%) and males- 51 (48.6%). Mean duration of diabetes was 10.7 years. CMT value significantly decreased from mean of 416.0095 to 383.8667 after injection. The mean LogMAR value significantly decreased from 1.0350 to 0.8625 after injection. Positive correlation was found between LogMAR after treatment with CMT (r-0.857; p-value <0.0001). Conclusion: Single dose of 0.5mg of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab is effective in decreasing the CMT and improving VA in patients with DME.
Activity of Labile Coagulation Factors, Section Factor X and Fibrinogen Level in Frozen Plasma versus Fresh Frozen Plasma
Authors: Bhagwat Swarupa Nikhil , Sharma Jayashree Harihara , Kadhane Omkar Ramakant , Lalla Poonam
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) is a blood component separated from whole blood and frozen below -30°C within 8 hours of donation for optimum preservation of coagulation factors. However, logistic and geographical reasons may hamper separation of plasma within 8 hours and the separation may have to be delayed to between 8 and 24 hours and then frozen below -30°C which is called as Frozen Plasma (FP). Plasma separated between 8 and 24 hours is a licensed blood component in the United States of America (USA) for therapeutic use similar to FFP. It is not licensed in India leading to frequent shortage of plasma. Aim: To compare the activity of factors V, VIII and X and the level of fibrinogen between FFP and FP, so as to assess the therapeutic use of FP for formulating recommendation as licensed blood component. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Transfusion Medicine at Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The duration of the study was 10 months, from January 2018 to October 2018. 50 units each of FFP and FP matched for the camp location, age, gender and blood group were selected. There were 44 males and six females in each of FFP and FP groups. They were compared for the activity of labile coagulation factors (factors V and VIII) and stable factor X. The level of fibrinogen was also measured in both components. It was done within 30 days of preparation of plasma. The mean values of each of the four parameters for FFP and FP were calculated and compared for statistical significance (p) by using unpaired Student’s t-test. Microsoft Excel 2016 was used for statistical analysis. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of FFP and FP individuals (blood donors) was 31.2 and 31.3 years respectively, while the median age in years was 31 and 30.5, respectively. The activity/level of all the tested coagulation factors was lower in FP as compared to FFP. The difference was statistically significant for factor VIII (p-value <0.05). It was not significant for factor V, X and fibrinogen. The level/activity of coagulation factors in FP, though lower than that in FFP, fell within normal reference range in 90-95% of units. Conclusion: FP may be used as a therapeutic alternative to FFP excluding patients of haemophilia A in whom factor VIII concentrate and cryoprecipitate are considered better therapeutic modalities. Results of similar multicentre studies will help in formulating recommendations regarding licensing.
Impact of Correlation between Multiple Time Point Measurements on Pooled Effect Measures in Meta-analysis
Authors: Sadanandan Deepthy Melepurakkal , Nair N Sreekumaran , Harichandrakumar KT
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Effect estimates obtained from multiple time points based on the same set of subjects are observed to be correlated. There is a need to integrate these correlations in the derivation of pooled summary measures to improve the precision of estimates. The conventional meta-analysis does not consider this dependency into account. Aim: To compare the results obtained from meta-analysis which incorporate various levels of correlation in repeated measures data to the traditional meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: The present statistical analytical study was conducted at Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India, from January 2021 to February 2022 on data from a systematic review that studied the effect of analgesics in reducing orthodontic pain using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain score measured at three time points was used for demonstration. This study attempted to illustrate two distinct approaches to deal with dependency between measurements obtained from different follow-ups by adopting constant and degenerating correlation structures. Results: The pooled effect estimates and confidence intervals obtained from models which incorporated correlation were different from the results of traditional approach. Naproxen fared to be better when compared to other two treatments. Pooled effect estimates and confidence intervals from Model 2 and Model 3 hovered around the same values. Non significant difference was observed in the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) values of Model 2 and Model 3 for all three treatments. The between study variance ranged from 0.07 to 1.46, 1.25 to 3.17 and 0.01 to 0.98 for Acetaminophen, Naproxen and Ibuprofen, respectively. Conclusion: The models which took care of dependency had a better fit to the data over conventional meta-analysis.
Evaluation of First, Second and Third Generation Probe after Phase I Therapy in Chronic Periodontitis PatientsA Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Raja SA Jacob , James Johnson Raja , Kumar Tamil Selvan , Raj JP Mohan , Divya S , Fairlin P , Rajkumar Gokulvathi , Beulah Maria
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Periodontitis manifested by the presence of periodontal pocket depth and loss of attachment level is detected and measured by using periodontal probes. Various generations of probes have been discovered and are used to measure the pocket depth. There has been a huge difference in the accuracy of different generations of probe. Aim: To compare the interprobe accuracy of first, second and third generations of probe on clinical parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: This randomised comparative clinical study was conducted at the Department of Periodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India and included 30 chronic periodontitis patients, randomly allocated into three groups with each group consisting of 10 patients. The study was conducted over a period of eight months, from February 2001 to October 2001. Conventional periodontal probe, True Pressure Sensitive (TPS) probe and Florida probe were used to examine the patients. The probes were used in sequence of I, II and III for first 10 patients, II, III and I for next 10 patients and III, I and II for the last 10 patients to avoid bias due to examiner memory of clinical parameters. The recorded clinical parameters were Plaque Index (PI) (Silness and Loe 1964), Gingival Index (GI) (Loe and Silness 1963), Bleeding On Probing (BOP) index (Ainamo and Bay 1975), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL). At baseline, all the clinical parameters were recorded by two calibrated examiners i.e., Examiner-1 and Examiner-2. Examiner-I recorded all the clinical parameters postoperatively at Ist, IInd, IIIrd and IVth consecutive weeks. The statistical analysis was done using paired t-test, One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), studentised range test and Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient test for calculation and comparison of interexaminer and intraexaminer variability. Results: Among the 30 patients included in the present study, 22 were males and eight were females. The mean age of the patients involved in the study was 45.16±1.33 years. The mean value of PI and GI showed a statistically significant reduction at different intervals with a value of 0.16±0.21 and 0.22±0.21 postoperatively (4th week). The probing depths measured using Williams periodontal probe, TPS probe and Florida probe were reduced to 4.2±0.4 mm, 3.9±0.4 mm and 3.5±0.4 mm, respectively at the end of 4th week. The CAL measured using Williams periodontal probe, TPS probe and Florida probe were reduced to 7.0±0.6 mm, 6.6±0.5 mm and 6.1±0.6 mm, respectively at the end of 4th week. Conclusion: The TPS probe, Williams probe, and Florida probe showed their superiority regarding the accuracy of recording clinical parameters in the decreasing order respectively
Effect of Soft Tissue Manual Technique and Breathing Exercises on Pulmonary Function, Chest Expansion and Functional Status in Post COVID-19 Survivors: A Quasi-experimental Study
Authors: Khedekar Renuka Chandrakant , Dobhal Santosh P , Mishra Abhishek
Published: June 2023

Introduction: It is known that around one third of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients develop severe pulmonary complications and acute respiratory distress syndrome, leading to long-term impairments in Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) and physical performance. Due to deteriorating health status of the COVID-19 survivors after their recovery, rehabilitation is must. Aim: To evaluate the effect of soft tissue manual technique and breathing exercises on PFT, chest expansion and functional status in Post COVID-19 Survivors. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out in the Department of Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy, MGM hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India, from November 2021 to July 2022. Total 54 subjects diagnosed with COVID-19 who required oxygen therapy and had persistent respiratory symptoms for three weeks to six months after the infection, were included. All the subjects received one week of soft tissue manual techniques which included proprioceptive neuromuscular function, muscle energy technique for recruitment of diaphragm, muscles of respiration and the ribcage. Breathing exercises were inculcated at the end of the session to ensure relaxation of the subjects. Subjects were assessed for PFT, chest expansion and post COVID-19 Functional Status Scale (PCFS) pre and post-treatment. Data were analysed through Wilcoxon signed-rank Test. Results: Amongst total 54 subjects included, 10 (18.6%) males and 44 (81.4%) females with mean age of 29.92±11.94. After one week of intervention p-value was 0.0001 for Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1), FEV1/Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) with mean values for FEV1 at baseline was 1.91±0.51 and post-treatment was 2.45±0.34, FVC was 2.25±0.50 before the treatment whereas it was 2.73±0.36 post-treatment with p-value of 0.002, FEV1/FVC and PEF was 83.99±12.03 and 4.36±1.78 at baseline whereas, post-treatment it was 87.76±7.29 and 5.88±0.95 respectively. The p-value of 0.0001 was also similar for chest expansion. No statistically significant difference was found in post COVID-19 functional status (p-value=0.013). Conclusion: Positive changes in the ribcage’s activation and integration with its muscles were seen in all of the study variables. Therefore, it is concluded that soft tissue manipulation techniques and breathing exercise improves functional status, thoracic expansion, in post COVID-19 survivors.
Triple Negative Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of Breast with Oral Metastasis: A Case Report
Authors: Ramamoorthy Sabaritha , Thankappan Prasanth , Tharmasahayam Isaac Joseph , Samraj Jeslin Mary , Stephen Evelyn Angel
Published: June 2023

Metastatic oral malignancies have been reported in the mandible, tongue, and gingiva. Breast cancer oral metastasis usually presents as a benign oral lesion clinically. At histology, it shares several features with metastatic carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) can be useful in the differential diagnosis. The clinical presentation consisted of swelling in the upper front tooth region in a 35-year-old woman. The lesion was excised under local anaesthesia and underwent histological and immunohistochemical examination to rule out any malignancy. Histological findings, Pan CK positivity suggesting the epithelial origin and the absence of reactivity to Oestrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER2) indicated metastatic triple negative breast carcinoma. The histological diagnosis of metastatic breast carcinoma can be confirmed by IHC. The current case report illustrates the necessity of including a panel of IHC markers in confirming the diagnosis of metastatic lesions in oral cavity. By utilising such panels, one can expedite the prognosis and prevent delay in diagnosis.