bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing the Spillover Effect of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization on Emotionally Abusive and Harsh Parenting Practices: The Application of Propensity Score Matching
Authors: Debowska Agata , Inglot Grzegorz , Piasek Rafal , Sokol Grzegorz , Horeczy Beata , Hales George K. , Boduszek Daniel
Published: June 2024

Prior research reported a significant association between intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and negative parenting, but there was an overreliance on U.S. samples and families from low socioeconomic status backgrounds. Therefore, this quasi-experimental study examined the association between recent IPV victimization and abusive parenting practices in a sample of community-based women from Poland. Participants were mothers of children aged 2 to 5 years ( N = 610) attending an outpatient clinic located in a city in south-eastern Poland. Mothers were asked about their IPV experiences in the past 12 months and were classed as either IPV positive or IPV negative. Outcome measures assessed emotionally abusive and harsh parenting practices. All data were collected online. To reduce bias in background characteristics (i.e., age, education, employment status, financial distress, self-esteem, childhood violence history, alcohol problems, current mental distress, social support, exposure to COVID-19-pandemic-related stressors, and child sex), we applied the propensity score matching (PSM) technique. Group differences before and after matching were examined using independent samples t-tests. Prematching analyses revealed that IPV-positive mothers used significantly more emotionally abusive and harsh parenting practices than IPV-negative mothers. However, the two samples differed substantially on six background characteristics which are known risk factors for IPV and child maltreatment (financial distress, self-esteem, childhood violence history, current mental distress, social support, and exposure to COVID-19-pandemic-related stressors). PSM was successful in reducing those imbalances. Postmatching group comparisons were statistically nonsignificant for emotionally abusive and harsh parenting, disproving the spillover hypothesis. We conclude that IPV victimization is not related to emotionally abusive and harsh parenting practices when controlling for confounding variables.
Optimization algorithm for minimizing railway energy consumption in hybrid powertrain architectures: A direct method approach using a novel two-dimensional efficiency map approximation
Authors: Radhakrishnan Rahul , Schenker Moritz
Published: June 2024

SEnSOR (Smart Energy Speed Optimizer Rail) is a direct method based optimization algorithm developed at DLR for determining minimum energy speed trajectories for railway vehicles. This paper aims to reduce model error and improve this algorithm for any alternative powertrain architecture. Model simplifications such as projecting the efficiency maps of different train components onto one-dimensional space can lead to inaccuracies and non-optimalities in reality. In this work, 2D section-wise Chua functional representation was used to capture the complete behavior of efficiency maps and discuss its benefits. For this purpose, a new smoothing method was developed. It was observed that there is an average of 6% error in the energy calculation when both, 1D and 2D, models are compared against each other. Previously, solving for different powertrain architectures was time consuming with the requirement of manual modifications to the optimization problem. With a modular approach, the algorithm was modified to flexibly adapt the problem formulation to automatically take into account any changes in powertrain architectures with minimum user input. The benefit is demonstrated by performing optimization on a bi-mode train with three different power sources as developed within the EU-project FCH2RAIL. The advanced algorithm is now capable to adapt to such complex architectures and provide feasible optimization results within a reasonable time.
Design and motion control of a tendon-driven continuum robot for aerospace applications
Authors: Qi Qian , Qin Guodong , Yang Zhikang , Chen Guangming , Xu Jiajun , Lv Zhuhai , Ji Aihong
Published: June 2024

Continuum robots are flexible and compliant. Compared to the case in conventional articulated manipulators, the driving unit can be placed outside the workspace of the robot, so that the motion orientation has a relatively complete linear configuration flow, which can be applied to a special environment with narrow and multiple obstacles such as aerospace. This study presents the development process of a tendon-driven continuum robot (TCR) with a high length-diameter ratio. The skeleton structure which imitates a snake is composed of continuous joints in series. The driving device is operated by using a tendon-driven method, which reduces the complexity of the driving box and control system significantly. The diameter of the robot is designed to be 5 mm, which enables it to work in a narrow and slender space with certain flexibility. Subsequently, a kinematic model of the robot is established. The mode function backbone method is applied to realize TCR trajectory planning. An idea of segmented solving is adopted to achieve trajectory tracking control of the continuum robot. Finally, a prototype of the continuum robot is produced, and the rationality of the robot design and the effectiveness of the motion control method are verified through trajectory simulations and experiments. The robot can perform inspection tasks within a narrow gap of 20 mm with good environmental adaptability.
Tracing adaptive cycles and resilience strategies within the Sagalassos settlement record, SW Türkiye
Authors: Daems Dries , Vandam Ralf
Published: June 2024

Three decades of interdisciplinary research within the Sagalassos Archaeological Research Project has provided extensive archaeological, environmental and geoarchaeological datasets. This paper seeks to bring together these datasets to explore diachronic socio-ecological dynamics within the Sagalassos Study Area, SW Türkiye. For this, we will use the Adaptive Cycles and Resilience Theory framework to explore socio-cultural development during changing climatic and environmental conditions. The paper aims to serve as an in-depth case study of these frameworks, integrating archaeological and environmental data, which – despite the increasing popularity of resilience theory – remains underdeveloped within the field of archaeology, especially within Mediterranean and Anatolian archaeology. We will explore the utility of the adaptive cycle framework for reconstructing diachronic human-environment interactions through changing settlement patterns documented during surveys conducted by the Sagalassos Project. Critical phases within the settlement record can be identified during the last 8000 years including apparent periods of ‘rupture’ during the Middle Chalcolithic, Middle-Late Bronze Age, Hellenistic and Middle-Byzantine periods; representing times of serious upheaval in ‘normal’ cultural traditions and lifeways. The adaptive cycle framework will help distinguish between the effects of environmental changes and social dynamics, as well as their potential interrelations in causing long-term social transformation in the Sagalassos Study Area.
Dignity in people with dementia: A concept analysis
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Lingler Jennifer H , Bender Catherine M , Seaman Jennifer B
Published: June 2024

Background: Dignity, an abstract and complex concept, is an essential part of humanity and an underlying guiding principle in healthcare. Previous literature indicates dignity is compromised in people with dementia (PwD), but those PwD maintain the capacity to live with dignity with appropriate external support. Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRDs) lead to progressive functional decline and increased vulnerability and dependence, leading to heightened risks of PwD receiving inappropriate or insufficient care that diminishes dignity. Considering the increased disease prevalence and the continuously escalating costs of dementia care, establishing a productive value-based guideline may prevent suffering, maximize dignity, and thus promote quality of life (QoL).

Aim: The goal of this project is to identify actionable targets for integrating dignity harmoniously and practically into care planning and management for PwD.

Research Design: We conducted a concept analysis using Walker and Avant’s eight-step process. A comprehensive literature search was conducted (PubMed and CINAHL) with the keywords “dignity,” “dementia,” “Alzheimer’s disease,” and “dementia care.”

Results: A total of 42 out of 4910 publications were included. The concept of dignity in PwD is operationalized as the promotion of worthiness and the accordance of respect that allows the presence and expression of a person’s sense of self, regardless of physical, mental, or cognitive health. The concept has two subdimensions: absolute dignity which encompasses the inherent self and relative dignity characterized by its dynamic reflective nature. Worthiness and respect are the two main attributes, while autonomy is an underlying component of dignity. Specific antecedents of dignity in PwD are empowerment, non-maleficence, and adaptive environmental scaffolding. As a consequence of facilitating dignity in PwD, QoL may be enhanced.

Conclusion: As a foundational and necessary humanistic value, incorporating dignity into dementia care can lead to efficient and effective care that optimizes QoL in PwD throughout their disease progression.
Educating the ‘Adivasis’: Understanding Ekal Vidyalayas Inside the Tea Gardens of Assam
Authors: Phukan Shilpi Shikha
Published: June 2024

Based on fieldwork in Tinsukia district of Assam, this article examines the interplay of Ekal, ideology and education among the Adivasis in the tea gardens. The Ekal schools are one-teacher, informal schools operated by the Sangh Parivar in the underprivileged regions of India and Nepal. Considering the backward status of Adivasis in these tea gardens, the official narrative of the school is to reduce the literacy gap among the community, impart sanskar and empower them with entrepreneurial skills. I argue that Ekal’s organisational structure and funding are corporate, and its conception of ‘empowerment’ is neoliberal. This works as an effective model for Hindutva as the Sangh seeks to bring popularly Christian-dominated tea gardens into its Hindutva fold. This is done by practices both inside and outside the school.
Adipokine Modulation in Endometrial Hyperplasia by Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Supriya Athuru , Kiran Ammu V. V. V. Ravi , Krishnamurthy Praveen Thaggikuppe
Published: June 2024

Background

Obesity is associated with a higher prevalence of endometrial hyperplasia, thereby increasing the risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers. The precise mechanisms linking obesity to endometrial hyperplasia remain unclear, but dysregulation of adipose tissue homeostasis is known to play a significant role. Hypertrophied adipocytes in obese individuals secrete various bioactive substances, including cytokines, growth factors, hormones, and metabolites. Additionally, hyperplastic adipocytes exhibit enhanced aromatase activity, leading to increased estrogen synthesis, which further promotes the development of endometrial hyperplasia.

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of the poly unsaturated fatty acids.

Methodology

An extensive literature survey has been performed to identify the role of adipokines and elevated endogenous estrogen levels in activating cell survival signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MEK/ERK1, and JAK–STAT in endometrial cells and their possible role in Endometrial Hyperplasia. Further, the possible beneficial anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (AA) were explored.

Results

Numerous studies suggest the beneficial role of dietary fats, such as EPA, DHA, and AA in modulating the growth of endometrium in obesity-induced endometrial hyperplasia. PUFAs can activate adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which inhibits gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis. It also phosphorylates acetyl-CoA, leading to a decrease in malonyl-CoA, which inhibits mitochondrial CPT1. Additionally, AMPK activation promotes β-oxidation, and PPAR-γ mechanisms by down regulating the NF-kB pathway involved in endometrial hyperplasia.

Conclusion

This review sheds light on the potential of PUFAs in mitigating estrogen synthesis, adipokine secretion, and endogenous aromatase activity in obesity induced endometrial hyperplasia. Furthermore, it critically evaluates the role and mechanisms of PUFAs in attenuating obesity-associated endometrial hyperplasia and reducing the risk of ovarian cancer.
Efficacy of switching from originator etanercept to biosimilar YLB113 in real-world patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A retrospective 12 months follow-up study
Authors: Sakane Hideo , Yonemoto Yukio , Okamura Koichi , Suto Takahito , Inoue Makoto , Mitomi Hirofumi , Tsuchida Kosei , Kaneko Tetsuya , Tamura Yasuyuki , Chikuda Hirotaka
Published: June 2024

Purpose: To investigate the disease activity in real-world patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who switched from originator etanercept (ETN) to biosimilar YLB113. Methods: Forty one RA patients who switched from ETN to YLB113 were divided into 2 groups based on the Disease Activity Score based on the 28-joint count (DAS28) 12 months after switching (R group: DAS28 < 2.6, N group: DAS28 ≥ 2.6), and the baseline characteristics were statistically examined. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed to estimate the cut-off value of DAS28 at baseline to achieve remission 12 months after switching. Results: There was no significant difference in the DAS28 at baseline and 12 months after switching ( p = .83). Sixteen out of the 20 patients in remission at baseline achieved remission after switching. A univariate analysis revealed the rheumatoid factor ( p = .04) and DAS28 ( p < .001) at baseline were significantly lower in the R group than in the N group. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis revealed DAS28 was an independent factor ( p = .004) for achieving remission 12 months after switching. An ROC curve analysis showed the optimal cut-off value for DAS28 at baseline to achieve remission at 12 months after switching was 2.5. Conclusions: RA patients who achieved remission using originator ETN, were able to maintain remission even if they switched to YLB113.
Investigation on parametric excitation vibration and piezoelectric active control of axially moving viscoelastic beams
Authors: Han Guangcai , Wu Yanhong , Hou Gangling , Xu Xiangyu
Published: June 2024

The nonlinear dynamics equation governing the behavior of axially moving viscoelastic beams is established in this paper, based on Hamilton’s principles. The Galerkin method is employed to discretize the equation for numerical analysis. Nonlinear parametric vibration control for axially moving viscoelastic beams is explored using piezoelectric laminated actuators based on LQR optimal linear control and SMC sliding mode control strategies. The stability of the moving beam is examined in respect of moving speed and active control. The influence of actuator position and control schemes on vibration control performance for the moving beam is also examined. In respect to linear and nonlinear equations, two control strategies of LQR are given to illustrate the control performances. The sliding mode control (SMC) is also given to reduce the vibration of the moving viscoelastic beam and exhibit the control performance and its robustness.
Bionic low-frequency vibration isolator inspired by goat joints
Authors: Shi Xiaojie , Wang Shucheng , Wang Shaowei , Liu Huimin , Qu Huixing , Zhang Bo , Yang Huawei
Published: June 2024

Joints are effective in absorbing the ground impact and isolating the vibrations caused by the impact when goats jump over the cliff to find food. A bionic vibration isolator for low-frequency vibration inspired by the goat hind limb joint is proposed. The quadrilateral mechanism of the bionic vibration isolator of varying sizes is used to mimic the vibration suppression effect of multiple joints in the hind limbs of goats. The rigid rods in the bionic mechanism are used to mimic the role of the bones in the joint, and the springs are used to mimic the function of the muscles or tendons near the joint. In addition, the slider mechanism of the bionic mechanism brings nonlinear damping and mass, which could effectively help the system to reduce the resonant frequency and enhance the vibration isolation performance. The natural frequency of the bionic mechanism is 1.2 Hz, while the natural frequency of the linear mechanism under the same conditions is 5.1 Hz. When the external vibration exceeds 2.4 Hz, the proposed bionic mechanism begins to perform vibration isolation performance. Compared with the linear vibration isolation device, the bionic mechanism has lower natural frequency, better vibration isolation performance, and wider vibration isolation frequency band. Therefore, this study creatively proposed a vibration control mechanism inspired by animal limbs and proposed a high-stability and low-cost bionic structures in the field of vibration control.
Nonlinear oscillations and transmissibility of a beam subject to a reciprocating moving load and mounted on viscoelastic supports
Authors: Al-Solihat Mohammed Khair , Bashmal Salem
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a new nonlinear dynamic model and analysis of a viscoelastic beam mounted on viscoelastic supports and excited by a reciprocating moving load. The equation of motion is derived by the extended Hamilton’s principle and solved utilizing the harmonic balance method. The nonlinear frequency response and force transmissibility characteristics for various loads and boundary conditions are demonstrated. Parametric analysis is performed to explore the influence of several nondimensional quantities on the frequency response and transmissibility. The effect of rigid–flexural motion interactions on the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the system is investigated. Moreover, the effects of the supports’ stiffness symmetry and magnitudes on the nonlinear response and force transmissibility characteristics are thoroughly examined. The influence of internal damping is found to be minimal for low support stiffness, whereas a significant effect is observed for high support stiffness.
Spurring or Blurring Professional Standards? The Role of Digital Technology in Implementing Journalistic Role Ideals in Contemporary Newsrooms
Authors: Mothes Cornelia , Mellado Claudia , Boudana Sandrine , Himma Marju , Nolan David , McIntyre Karen , Kozman Claudia , Hallin Daniel C. , Amiel Pauline , Brin Colette , Katherine Chen Yi-Ning , Davydov Sergey , De Maio Mariana , Dingerkus Filip , El-Ibiary Rasha , Frías Vázquez Maximiliano , Glück Antje , Garcés-Prettel Miguel , Luisa Humanes María , Lecheler Sophie , Lee Misook , I-Hsuan Lin Christi , Márquez-Ramírez Mireya , Maza-Córdova Jorge , Mazzoni Marco , Mick Jacques , Milojevic Ana , Navarro Cristina , Olivera Pérez Dasniel , Pizarro Marcela , Quinn Fergal , Sarasqueta Gonzalo , Skjerdal Terje , Stępińska Agnieszka , Szabó Gabriella , Van Leuven Sarah
Published: June 2024

This study examines the perceived relevance and implementation of competing normative ideals in journalism in times of increasing use of digital technology in newsrooms. Based on survey and content analysis data from 37 countries, we found a small positive relationship between the use of digital research tools and “watchdog” performance. However, a stronger and negative relationship emerged between the use of digital audience analytics and the performance of “watchdog” and “civic” roles, leading to an overall increase in conception–performance gaps on both roles. Moreover, journalists’ use of digital community tools was more strongly and positively associated with “infotainment” and “interventionism.”
An Anti-Racist Critique Related to the Ontology and Epistemology of Qualitative Research
Authors: Scheurich James Joseph
Published: June 2024

Maintaining the value of qualitative research requires constant self-critique. Thus, qualitative researchers must always be attentive to critiques of the current conceptions and practices of qualitative research. One problem, I suggest, is our lack of attention to ontology. A second problem I raise is an epistemological/methodological issue. Therefore, I problematize three aspects of qualitative research, that is, the standard qualitative research model that came out of the 1980s to early 1990s, the focus on the individual as the font of “truth,” and coding and thematizing, all of which arises within the systemic White supremacy racism of Modernity.
A partially debonded rigid elliptical inclusion with a liquid slit inclusion occupying the debonded portion
Authors: Wang Xu , Schiavone Peter
Published: June 2024

We derive a closed-form solution to the plane strain problem of a partially debonded rigid elliptical inclusion in which the debonded portion is filled with a liquid slit inclusion when the infinite isotropic elastic matrix is subjected to uniform remote in-plane stresses. The original boundary value problem is reduced to a Riemann–Hilbert problem with discontinuous coefficients, and its analytical solution is derived. By imposing the incompressibility condition of the liquid slit inclusion and balance of moment on a circular disk of infinite radius, we obtain a set of two coupled linear algebraic equations for the two unknowns characterizing the internal uniform hydrostatic tension within the liquid slit inclusion and the rigid body rotation of the rigid elliptical inclusion. As a result, these two unknowns can be uniquely determined revealing the elastic field in the matrix.
Decreased Alpha Klotho Expression in Placentas Exposed to Severe Maternal Vascular Malperfusion
Authors: Franklin Andrew , Freedman Alexa , Borders Ann , Keenan Devlin Lauren , Proctor Erin S. , Price Erica , Cole Steve , Miller Greg , Ernst Linda M.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Placental maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) is characterized by accelerated villous maturation and has been associated with a decrease in the antiaging protein, alpha-klotho (AK). Our aim was to characterize AK protein and gene expression in the placenta and fetal organs.

Methods:

We utilized 2 cohorts. First, we characterized AK protein expression in an autopsy cohort where cases were defined as MVM as the cause of fetal death compared to a stillborn control population. Second, we characterized placental and umbilical cord blood AK gene expression in a liveborn population with and without MVM.

Results:

We found decreased protein expression in the villous trophoblastic cells of placentas exposed to severe MVM and decreased AK gene expression in placental tissue exposed to MVM. We did not see any statistically significant differences in fetal organ or umbilical cord blood AK expression based on the presence or absence of MVM. Furthermore, in liveborn infants, we also found increased odds of preterm birth with lower placental AK expression.

Conclusions:

Decreased AK gene and protein expression in the placenta in the setting of MVM is consistent with the theory of placental aging in MVM and is associated with increased odds of preterm birth.
Arrangement of Agricultural Reservoir Along Rill Erosion: Case Study in the Sumbing Volcanic Landscape, Java, Indonesia
Authors: Islami Jihan Dwi , Pulungan Nur Ainun Harlin Jennie , Sartohadi Junun
Published: June 2024

Background and research aims:

Most of volcanic landscapes on Java, Indonesia, are increasingly being used for agriculture. As a consequence, high rate of soil erosion due to agricultural cultivation cannot be avoided. Agricultural reservoir is one of methods to maintain soil loss due to erosion. Most research to date, however, have been based on the function of the reservoirs rather than on the arrangement of the reservoirs which are usually locally specific. Thus, an evaluation of the arrangement for agricultural reservoir becomes a crucial innovation. This study was aimed at examining the effectiveness of agricultural reservoir arrangement along rill erosion in reducing runoff volume as well as erosion rate, and increasing sediment trapped.

Methods:

The research was conducted using the field survey method at a key sampling area by considering the dominant relief and land cover on the volcanic landscape of the Sumbing Volcano. Data collected includes soil properties (texture, organic matter, porosity, soil pore distribution, permeability, and soil infiltration rate), runoff discharge, runoff volume, and sediment delivery. Research started by determining the points for placing the agricultural reservoirs along the rill erosion and continued with field and laboratory measurements.

Results:

Our results showed that placing agricultural reservoirs along the rill erosion effectively reduced erosion by 99.97%. Consequently, the erosion rate was only 5.5 × 10−4 ton ha−1. The effectiveness of agricultural reservoirs in reducing runoff volume and sediment delivery was 99.72% and 94.15%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Agricultural reservoirs that are placed along the rill erosion effectively trap sediment and reduce runoff so that erosion rates decrease.

Implications for conservation:

Placing agricultural reservoirs along rill erosion can improve the effectiveness of reservoirs in decreasing the erosion rate. This strategy helps reduce runoff and sediment to maintain the productivity of agricultural land. Finding a suitable strategy for the evaluation of erosion and sedimentation processes has important implications for soil and water conservation.
Understanding Environmental Consequences of Quarry Operations: Residents’ Perception Study in the Neighbourhood of a Quarry in Osun state, Nigeria
Authors: Taiwo Temitope M , Ogunbode Timothy O
Published: June 2024

Investigation on human perspective on the impacts of quarry activities on the natural environment remains limited. This study gauged residents’ perceptions of the ecological consequences of quarry operations. A meticulously structured questionnaire was dispensed among 214 households, chosen at random, in the vicinity of Sanlong Quarry within Obaagun community, Ifelodun Local Government Area, Osun State, Nigeria. The dataset underwent analysis utilising both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results indicated a predominance of female respondents, constituting 77.6%, with 65% aged 41 years and above. Moreover, 74.2% had been residents in the study area for no less than 7 years, and 62.6% resided within 1 km of the quarry site. A substantial 74.3% (159 residents) regarded quarry operations as detrimental to their environment, with 72.2% attributing this to machine vibrations. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkins and Barttlet’s tests affirmed the factorability of the dataset at a 77.5% significance level ( P < .005). Factor analysis revealed 7 variables, encompassing 79.19% of residents’ perceptions of the environmental impact of quarry operations. These variables included the loss of farmlands (21.35%), degraded farmland (15.06%), vibrations from heavy machines affecting buildings (10.64%), flyrock debris from rock blasting damaging roofs, and the destruction caused by trucks and heavy machinery on rural roads (8.57%). Additionally, wildlife displacement (8.33%) and respondents’ perception of the quarry’s duration of operation (8.00%) were identified. These findings suggest that quarry operations exert a significant influence on the livelihood of the Sanlong quarry neighbourhood. It is imperative for stakeholders to address this situation through relevant policies, particularly those that enhance the well-being of the community and hold the quarry company responsible for the damages inflicted on various environmental resources. Nonetheless, further study is recommended to validate or otherwise the current findings.
Usefulness of Neck Circumference, Waist-to-Height Ratio and Waist-to-Hip Ratio in Predicting Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Saudi Population Without Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Alqahtani Saleh , Al-Raddadi Rajaa , Ajabnoor Ghada , Alraddadi Zeyad , Alahmadi Jawaher , Alhabash Adel , Hakim Rehad , Alseraihi Loojen , Bahijri Suhad
Published: June 2024

Background:

Early identification and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) could reduce overall mortality. Anthropometric measurements offer a simple and cost-effective method to potentially improve early detection of NAFLD and prevent its complications. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of NAFLD using the fatty liver index (FLI) and evaluate the effectiveness of certain anthropometric measurements in predicting NAFLD as diagnosed by FLI.

Method:

A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with 1264 Saudi population without Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) non-alcoholic individuals at primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Jeddah city. Measurements included triglycerides, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Measurements for neck circumference (NC), and calculations for weight-to-height ratio (WHtR) and weight-to-hip ratio (WHpR), along with FLI, were performed. NAFLD was identified in individuals with an FLI ⩾60. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was utilized to assess the accuracy of WHtR, WHpR, and NC in detecting NAFLD, with Youden’s index determining the optimal cutoff points for these 3 indices.

Result:

The prevalence of NAFLD was found to be 30.9%. Among the markers, WHtR emerged as the most significant in indicating NAFLD, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.916; whereas NC and WHpR exhibited identical AUC values of 0.783. WHtR demonstrated superior diagnostic efficacy for identifying elevated FLI, with gender-specific cutoff values established at >0.57 for females and >0.61 for males. In all 3 markers, females exhibited higher sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value (NPV) compared to males.

Conclusion:

WHtR could serve as a useful tool in the initial clinical screening for NAFLD among Saudi population without T2DM to identify those who may benefit from more comprehensive testing. Further local studies are warranted to confirm the levels of accuracy and the calculated cutoffs.
Exploring the Potential of Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Targeting Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Biomarkers
Authors: Khadela Avinash , Megha Kaivalya , Shah Vraj B , Soni Shruti , Shah Aayushi C , Mistry Hetvi , Bhatt Shelly , Merja Manthan
Published: June 2024

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), combining the cytotoxicity of the drug payload with the specificity of monoclonal antibodies, are one of the rapidly evolving classes of anti-cancer agents. These agents have been successfully incorporated into the treatment paradigm of many malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The NSCLC is the most prevalent subtype of lung cancer, having a considerable burden on the cancer-related mortality and morbidity rates globally. Several ADC molecules are currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be used in patients with NSCLC. However, the successful management of NSCLC patients using these agents was met with several challenges, including the development of resistance and toxicities. These shortcomings resulted in the exploration of novel therapeutic targets that can be targeted by the ADCs. This review aims to explore the recently identified ADC targets along with their oncologic mechanisms. The ADC molecules targeting these biomarkers are further discussed along with the evidence from clinical trials.
A latent classes analysis to detect cognitive and emotional profiles in cancer patients
Authors: Sierra-Murguía Mariana A , Mazatán-Orozco Regina , Jiménez-Pacheco Said Enrique , Padrós-Blázquez Ferrán
Published: June 2024

Thought style has been described as a mediator between cancer diagnosis and the emotional response to cancer. Describe the latent profiles related to thought style (rumination, cognitive engagement, and cognitive avoidance) and emotional response in a sample of cancer patients. 159 cancer patients were assessed prior to starting treatment. Measurement instruments used were HADS, Cancer response thought style inventory, distress thermometer, and PTGI. Analysis of latent classes to explore profiles of who share the same thought style. The solution had 4 subgroups: first group was avoidance, the means for anxiety, depression and post-traumatic growth were the lowest of the four groups. The second group was rumination, presenting highest scores for anxiety, depression and post-traumatic growth. The third group was indeterminate, this group presented low anxiety and depression. The fourth group, with cognitive engagement presented low anxiety and depression and post-traumatic growth was high.
Does engagement with feedback matter? Unveiling the impact of learner engagement and grit on EFL learners’ English writing achievements
Authors: Li Jia , Yuan Fan
Published: June 2024

Given much attention associated with learner engagement in second language (L2) writing, an increasing body of studies has reported that learner engagement with feedback is a critical construct to enhance English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ writing achievement. However, little research has been conducted to explore the predictive effect of grit and examine the mediating role of learner engagement with feedback in the relationship between grit and English writing achievement (EWA) in the underlying mechanism of L2 writing. Therefore, the current study aims to address these under-researched issues by investigating a mediation model of L2 grit, learner engagement with feedback, and EWA among English major students. The findings demonstrated that: (1) perseverance-of-effort variation in L2 grit predicted variance in learner affective, cognitive, and behavioral engagement, while the consistency of interest exerted a great influence on cognitive engagement; and (2) affective and behavioral engagement mediated the relationship between L2 grit and EWA. The results have notable pedagogical and practical implications for L2 teaching and learning.
Enhanced deflection method for large-curvature problems: Formulation, verification and application to fiber-reinforced polymer-enabled arches
Authors: Xia ZY , Jiang T , Yu T
Published: June 2024

Motivated by a curiosity to explore the behavior of innovative arch structures enabled by the use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, this paper proposes a theoretical model built upon an enhanced formulation of the deflection method, broadening its scope to large-curvature problems. Traditionally, the deflection method approximates curvature as the second-order derivative of deflection, a simplification valid only for small curvatures. This limitation poses a challenge when applying the deflection method to problems involving large curvatures, a characteristic inherent in FRP-enabled arches where significant curvatures arise either initially or due to deformation. The enhanced formulation at the core of the proposed model addresses this challenge by incorporating a circular deflection function. This function posits that each deformed segment of the structural member can be represented by a circular arc, with its curvature and length related to the internal axial force and bending moment at the midpoint section of the segment. This feature facilitates the exact representation of curvature, offering the proposed model a unified approach capable of addressing both small- and large-curvature problems. The paper details the formulation and verification of the theoretical model, with an emphasis on its application to representative cases of FRP-enabled arches.
Durkheimian insights into the evolution of Chinese punitiveness
Authors: Lassi Nicholas , Jiang Su
Published: June 2024

When the reasons for excessive legal punitiveness are better understood, strategies can be developed to reduce and prevent it. Émile Durkheim thought legal punitiveness rises when government power is more concentrated and unchecked. He also thought that legal punitiveness decreases as societies shift from a ‘mechanical’ stage, marked by insularity, ritualism, and limited social and occupational development, to an ‘organic’ stage, defined by an increased division of labour, personal autonomy, and power sharing. Durkheim’s theory of penal evolution is tested by punitiveness in two periods of Chinese history: the Qin-Han dynasties and the later imperial period. Changes in governance from the Qin to the Han dynasty and throughout the later imperial period were associated with increases and decreases in legal punitiveness in the way that Durkheim had posited. Concentrated and unchecked power within the Qin was linked to elevated legal punitiveness, while power sharing within the Han and Qing dynasties was linked to reduced legal punitiveness. These findings support Durkheim’s theory that societies are more punitive when power is concentrated and unchecked.
A core lighting curriculum for university students and lighting professionals
Authors: Houser KW
Published: June 2024

In collaboration with a group of lighting professionals, learning outcomes were defined, prioritized, organized and mapped to a three-course sequence of lighting courses within a Bachelor of Science in Architectural Engineering degree programme. Syllabi and educational exercises were developed to support the learning outcomes – including classroom activities, homework assignments and design projects. The learning exercises balance the technical foundations of applied illuminating engineering with the artistic aspects of applied lighting design and are intended to promote significant and lasting learning by providing students with education that is useful and relevant to current lighting practice. The process for identifying and prioritizing lighting content is described, a process that could be adapted by other lighting educators to other pedagogical contexts. The syllabi and learning exercises are disseminated for reuse or adaptation, or for self-study by independent learners.
Chinese Herbal Medicine Combined With Liuzijue Exercise in Physiological Rehabilitation After Video-assisted Lung Lobectomy for Cancer: A Prospective Propensity Score Matching Study
Authors: Qi Ao , He Yiyun , Gu Yifeng , Zhang Congmeng , Qin Xiong , Wang Yichao , Yang Yong , Yao Jialin , Zhou Huiling , Yang Wenxiao , Su Lingzi , Wang Qin , Song Jiajun , Jiao Lijing , Gong Yabin , Li Jiaqi , Xu Ling
Published: June 2024

Objective:

To observe the clinical efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine combined with Liuzijue exercise on the physiological symptoms and quality of life (QoL) in postoperative patients with early-stage lung cancer.

Methods:

One hundred and eighty-three lung cancer patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) were categorize into either a traditional Chinese medicine treatment group (CM) or a control group (non-traditional Chinese medicine treatment, NC), among whom 73 underwent Chinese herbal medicine and Liuzijue therapy, while 110 underwent no comprehensive treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. The propensity score matching (PSM) method with a 1:2 ratio was used to balance the baseline characteristics and evaluate the efficacy of CM in improving postoperative symptoms and QoL.

Results:

Cough, dyspnea, chest pain, and fatigue were the most common clinical symptoms after VATS. Except for chest pain, they were all correlated with the scope of operation ( P < .05). After PSM, 165 patients were identified in the matched cohort, and the covariates of gender, age, operative site, and scope of operation were balanced between the 2 groups ( P > .05). In the domain of global health status, the improvement in QoL in CM was greater than that in NC (6.06 ± 15.83 vs −1.06 ± 14.68, P = .005). In terms of symptoms, improvements in cough (1.69 ± 3.15 vs 0.38 ± 2.63, P = .006), dyspnea during climbing stairs (−10.30 ± 16.82 vs −1.82 ± 17.97, P = .004), and pain (−0.76 ± 1.32 vs −0.08 ± 1.31, P = .002) in CM were better than in NC.

Conclusion:

Comprehensive treatment with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can provide therapeutic benefits in physiological rehabilitation after VATS for cancer.
Comparison of outcomes of the 50-year follow-up of a randomized trial assessed by study questionnaire and by data linkage: The CONCUR study
Authors: Shahbaz Mohammad , Harding Jane E , Milne Barry , Walters Anthony , Underwood Lisa , von Randow Martin , Xu Lois , Gamble Greg D ,   for the ANCHOR Study Group
Published: June 2024

Background/Aims:

Self-reported questionnaires on health status after randomized trials can be time-consuming, costly, and potentially unreliable. Administrative data sets may provide cost-effective, less biased information, but it is uncertain how administrative and self-reported data compare to identify chronic conditions in a New Zealand cohort. This study aimed to determine whether record linkage could replace self-reported questionnaires to identify chronic conditions that were the outcomes of interest for trial follow-up.

Methods:

Participants in 50-year follow-up of a randomized trial were asked to complete a questionnaire and to consent to accessing administrative data. The proportion of participants with diabetes, pre-diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, mental health disorders, and asthma was calculated using each data source and agreement between data sources assessed.

Results:

Participants were aged 49 years (SD = 1, n = 424, 50% male). Agreement between questionnaire and administrative data was slight for pre-diabetes (kappa = 0.10), fair for hyperlipidaemia (kappa = 0.27), substantial for diabetes (kappa = 0.65), and moderate for other conditions (all kappa >0.42). Administrative data alone identified two to three times more cases than the questionnaire for all outcomes except hypertension and mental health disorders, where the questionnaire alone identified one to two times more cases than administrative data. Combining all sources increased case detection for all outcomes.

Conclusions:

A combination of questionnaire, pharmaceutical, and laboratory data with expert panel review were required to identify participants with chronic conditions of interest in this follow-up of a clinical trial.
RhPro-UK in acute ischemic stroke within 4.5 h of stroke onset trial-2 (the PROST-2 study): Rationale and design of a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint, controlled phase 3 non-inferiority trial
Authors: Li Shuya , Gu Hong-Qiu , Feng Baoyu , Dong Qiang , Fan Dongsheng , Xu Yun , Zhu Suiqiang , Wang Yongjun
Published: June 2024

Background:

Recombinant prourokinase (rhPro-UK) is a specific plasmin activator, which has been approved to treat acute myocardial infarction in China.

Aim:

This phase 3 trial aimed to further demonstrate the efficacy and safety of rhPro-UK in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) within 4.5 h of symptom onset.

Methods and design:

RhPro-UK in AIS within 4.5 h of stroke onset trial-2 (PROST-2) is a multicenter, prospective randomized, open-label, blinded end-point, non-inferiority, recombinant tissue plasmin activator (rt-PA)-controlled, phase 3 trial. A total of 1552 patients who are eligible for intravenous thrombolytic therapy from 72 clinical sites will be randomly assigned to receive either rhPro-UK 35 mg (15 mg bolus + 20 mg infusion/30 min) or rt-PA 0.9 mg/kg (10% bolus + 90% infusion/1 h).

Study Outcomes:

The primary outcome is the proportion of patients with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–1 at 90 days. Secondary efficacy outcomes include the proportion of patients with mRS score of 0–2, the distribution of mRS, self-care ability in daily life on the Barthel Index at 90 days, the proportion of subjects with ⩾ 4 points decrease in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score or NIHSS score ⩽ 1 from baseline at 24 h and 7 days after treatment. Safety outcomes are symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and major systematic bleeding within 7 days as well as death from all causes within 90 days.

Discussion:

The results from the PROST-2 trial will comprehensively elucidate the efficacy and safety profile of rhPro-UK as a potential alternative agent for stroke thrombolysis.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT05700591.
Continual learning for fault diagnosis considering variable working conditions
Authors: Wei Dongdong , Zuo Ming Jian , Tian Zhigang
Published: June 2024

Traditional Neural Networks (NNs) trained in a one-stage process often struggle to perform well when presented with new classes or domain shifts in testing datasets. In fault diagnosis, it is essential to handle a sequence of diagnostic tasks with new fault classes and working conditions. This paper presents a multi-staged Continual Learning algorithm that learns from a sequence of diagnostic tasks. In each training stage, a small portion of previously seen training data is incorporated to help the model remember old tasks and better learn new tasks. A novel scheme is designed to select previously seen data from multiple old tasks, considering their different working conditions. A multi-way domain adaptation is then conducted to mitigate the impact of multiple changes in working conditions among different tasks. The proposed method is tested using two different experiment test rigs, including both gear and bearing faults. Results demonstrate that the proposed Continual Learning algorithm allows NNs to learn from a sequence of diagnostics tasks efficiently and maintain high accuracies for all the tasks of interest.
Finding Freire: When Educational Courses Get Personal
Authors: Medina-Rangel Dalila
Published: June 2024

This paper explores Paulo Freire’s philosophy from the perspective of an adult education advocate and student. The author describes being introduced to Freire’s works and provides an analysis of the impact of Freire’s theories in both personal and academic realms. Themes explored include praxis, understanding the oppressor/oppressed dichotomy, and what Freire’s theories look like in use as an adult educator. This paper is a personal perspective of Paulo Freire’s work.
Analyzing Epidemiology and Hospital Course Outcomes of LeFort Fractures in the Largest National Pediatric Trauma Database
Authors: Perez Otero Sofia , Cassidy Michael F. , Morrison Kerry A. , Brydges Hilliard T. , Muller John , Flores Roberto L. , Ceradini Daniel J.
Published: June 2024

Study Design

Retrospective observational study.

Objective

This study analyzes the epidemiology of pediatric Le Fort fractures and assesses the incidence of concomitant injuries and acute-level hospital course using the largest, national pediatric trauma database to date.

Methods

Pediatric midface and Le Fort fractures from 2016-2019 were identified in the National Trauma Data Bank. Descriptive analyses of Le Fort compared to non-Le Fort midface fractures were performed. Multivariable regression assessed whether Le Fort fractures were risk factors for ICU admission, intracranial injury, cervical spine (C-spine) fracture, tracheostomy, and mortality.

Results

A total of 1489 patients with Le Fort fractures were identified. There were 520 Le Fort I, 632 Le Fort II, and 609 Le Fort III fractures. Fracture incidence increased with age. Le Fort fractures showed higher rates of concomitant intracranial injury ( P < 0.001), ICU admission ( P < 0.001), C-spine fracture ( P < 0.001), and tracheostomy ( P < 0.001). Incidence of all the above increased with higher-grade Le Fort fractures. Le Fort III fractures had higher rates of mortality than non-Le Fort midface fractures (7.6% vs 3.2%). Multivariable regression showed that all Le Fort patterns were independent risk factors for tracheostomy and ICU admission, but only Le Fort I for C-spine fractures.

Conclusions

The incidence of Le Fort fractures appears to increase with age. Higher category Le Fort fractures are associated with greater morbidity.