bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex steroid levels in corresponding cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples quantified by mass spectrometry in men
Authors: Ryberg Henrik , Norlén Anna-Karin , Landin Andreas , Johansson Per , Salman Zeinab , Wallin Anders , Svensson Johan , Ohlsson Claes
Published: November 2023

Objective

Sex steroids exert important biological functions within the CNS, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The contribution of circulating sex steroids to the levels in CNS tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been sparsely investigated in human and with inconclusive results. This could partly be due to lack of sensitive validated assays. To address this, we validated a gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) assay for quantification of sex steroid hormones/precursors in CSF.

Methods

GC-MS/MS quantification of dihydrotestosterone (DHT, CSF lower limit of quantification, 1.5 pg/mL), testosterone (4.9), estrone (E1, 0.88), estradiol (E2, 0.25), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA, 38.4), androstenedione (4D, 22.3), and progesterone (P, 4.2) in CSF, and corresponding serum samples from 47 men.

Results

Analyses of CSF revealed that DHEA was the major sex steroid (73.5 ± 31.7 pg/mL) followed by 4D (61.4 ± 29.6 pg/mL) and testosterone (49.5 ± 18.9 pg/mL). The CSF levels of DHT, E2, and E1 were substantially lower, and P was in general not detectable in CSF. For all sex steroids except E2, strong associations between corresponding CSF and serum levels were observed. We propose that testosteronein CSF is derived from circulating testosterone, DHT in CSF is from local conversion from testosterone, while E2 in CSF is from local conversion from 4D in CNS.

Conclusions

We describe the first thoroughly validated highly sensitive mass spectrometric assay for a broad sex steroid hormone panel suitable for human CSF. This assay constitutes a new tool for investigation of the role of sex steroid hormones in the human CNS.

Significance statement

In this study, a fully validated highly sensitive mass spectrometric assay for sex steroids was applied to human CSF. The results were used to describe the relative contribution of peripheral circulating sex steroids together with locally transformation of sex steroids to the levels in CSF. The results are of importance to understand the biological processes of the human brain.
Muscle Architecture of Leg Muscles: Functional and Clinical Significance
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Lalwani Rekha , Khan Manal M. , Athavale Sunita A
Published: November 2023

Background. Architectural properties of the muscles are the prime predictors of functional attributes and force-generating capacity of the muscles. This data is vital for musculoskeletal modelling and selecting the appropriate muscle–tendon units for tendon transfers.Cadaveric data for architectural properties is the gold standard and primary input for musculoskeletal modelling. There is a paucity of these datasets, especially in the leg muscles.Methods. Sixty muscles of the anterior and lateral compartments from twelve formalin-fixed lower limbs were studied for gross architecture, including the peculiar fibre arrangements and architectural properties of muscles. Muscle weight, muscle length, fibre length, pennation angle and sarcomere length were measured. Normalised fibre length, fibre length to muscle length ratio (FL/ML ratio), and the physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) were calculated from the obtained data.Results. Muscles displayed a combination of architectural strategies and were partly fusiform and partly pennate. The tibialis anterior and peroneus longus were the heaviest muscles in their respective compartments and showed more extensive origin from the nearby deep facial sheets.Long fibre length and less pennation angle were seen in muscles of the extensor compartment. Potential muscle power was highest in the tibialis anterior and peroneus longus and least in the extensor hallucis longus.Conclusions. Arching of the foot and eversion are peculiar to humans and recent in evolution. Due to the functional demand of maintaining the medial longitudinal arch and eversion, the tibialis anterior and peroneus longus have more muscle weight and larger physiological cross-sectional area and are potentially more powerful.Extensor compartment muscles were architecturally more suited for excursions because of the long fibre length and less pennation angle.This study contributes baseline normative data for musculoskeletal modelling platforms and simulation tools – an emerging area in biomechanics and tendon transfers.
Narrative Literature Review of Potential Atrial Fibrillation Mechanism of Action Induced by Discontinuation of Benzodiazepines
Authors: Okulevičiūtė Agnė , Laubner Sakalauskienė Gabija
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed but often misused, leading to dependence and withdrawal symptoms. Increased worldwide prescriptions raise adverse effects and overdose concerns, especially for the elderly. Caution is needed in prescribing and considering alternative treatments to minimize risks.
Aim: Narrative literature review of potential atrial fibrillation mechanism of action induced by discontinuation of benzodiazepines.
Materials and methods: Database PubMed was searched using the combination of keywords – “Benzodiazepine AND atrial fibrillation OR peripheral benzodiazepine receptors”, “history of benzodiazepines”, “benzodiazepines mechanism of action”, “benzodiazepines indications”, “benzodiazepines adverse effects” and “benzodiazepines withdrawal effects”. Non-full-text and non-English scientific publications were removed. A total of 31 publication was included.
Discussion: Benzodiazepines (BZDs) were synthesized in 1955 and initially considered less toxic than barbiturates. They interact with GABA-A receptors, causing hyperpolarization and inhibitory effects in the central nervous system. BZDs are used to treat various clinical disorders, but long-term use can lead to adverse effects and withdrawal symptoms. There is evidence that genetic diversity can influence the response to BZDs through GABA receptors. The interaction between benzodiazepines and peripheral benzodiazepine receptors may influence calcium ion channels, affecting cardiac action potential and contractility, and discontinuation of these medications can potentially contribute to atrial fibrillation. Additionally, benzodiazepines may directly affect calcium channels, causing antiarrhythmic effects and vasodilation.
Conclusion: In summary, benzodiazepines, once considered safer sedatives, now raise concerns about misuse, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms. While there is a potential link between discontinuing benzodiazepines and atrial fibrillation through mechanisms involving peripheral benzodiazepine receptors and cardiac calcium channels, causality remains uncertain and multifaceted. Further research is needed to clarify these mechanisms, and healthcare providers should exercise caution in long-term benzodiazepine prescriptions while exploring alternative treatment strategies to mitigate risks.
Assessment of individual changes in the activity of the athletes cardiorespiratory system during current examinations
Authors:   Lviv State University of Physical Culture named after Ivan Boberskij, Guzii O.V. , Romanchuk О.P. ,   Lviv State University of Physical Culture named after Ivan Boberskij
Published: November 2023

Assessment of the athletes’ body state is important and has many prerequisites. The latter predetermined the expediency of unifying the assessment using the normocentric approach to assessing of the cardiorespiratory system state during current examinations.The purpose of this study was to test the use of percentile analysis of cardiorespiratory system indicators to assess individual changes in the athletes’ body during current examinations. Materials and methods. Using Spiroarteriocardiorhythmography (SACR) examined 202 highly qualified male athletes aged 22.6 ± 2.8 years, representing acyclic sports – martial arts (karate, taekwondo, kickboxing, boxing, judo, sambo) and games (water polo, football). The length of service in sports was 10.3 ± 3.1 years. All studies were carried out in the pre-competition period. In accordance with the design of the examination, using SACR were carried out three times: in the morning, on an empty stomach, in a sitting position on the day of training (K1), immediately (in the first 5-7 minutes) after training (K2) and the morning after training (K3). ). Each registration lasted 2 minutes. Research results. Taking into account the previously determined boundaries of the percentile ranges of the cardiorespiratory system indices distribution, to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed approach, the changes in the indicators of tidal volume (DO), respiration rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) were assessed during control examinations of athletes before, after and the next morning after workout. It is shown that there are certain differences in cardiorespiratory indices, taking into account their response to the training load. Based on the survey data, an individual functional profile of an athlete was built, which, according to physiological parameters, makes it possible to assess the changes in the body that occur during the post-exercise period. Conclusion. The approved approach made it possible to characterize both group changes in the functional support of physical work and the individual parameters of the athlete's body from the standpoint of its recovery in the post-exercise period in a single scale of assessments
The role of functional asymmetry in the training of athletes
Authors:   Kharkiv .State Academy of Physical Culture, Stroilova D.V.
Published: November 2023

The constant progress of sports results is closely linked with the improvement of training methods and the development of knowledge about the physical reserve capabilities of man. The use of increasing the volume and intensity of training to improve technical and physical training is now exhausting. Therefore, the search for new ways to improve the effectiveness of training athletes to achieve high sports results. Material and research methods. The study used such methods by which it was possible to achieve this goal, namely the analysis and systematization of psychological, pedagogical and scientific literature, information resources of the Internet that allowed for modern analysis, to determine the level of development of functional asymmetry in working with athletes. analysis of normative documents in the field of physical culture and sports. Results. Individual features of a person are largely expressed by functional asymmetry, because these features of a person are manifested depending on which hemisphere plays a leading role in these processes. Thus, the dominance of one or another hemisphere forms not only the features of thinking, temperament type, features of memory, attention, but also determines the leading arm, leg, ear, eye. Individual features are formed in the individual profile of human asymmetry, and it is directly related to the choice of behavior in extreme conditions and adaptation, perception and processing of information, emotional and autonomic response, verbal and nonverbal intelligence. Сonclusions. The necessity and expediency of creating a new applied direction of sports science, which will include its own subject of study, general and specific concepts, methodological bases, conditions and means of pedagogical support of physical education and sports training taking into account functional asymmetries of the brain, which should be aimed at interaction basic biological, psychophysiological, socio-psychological characteristics of athletes and, on this basis - on differentiated training, taking into account the individual characteristics of functional specialization and interaction of brain areas
Physical therapy after elbow fractures joint at the outpatient stage
Authors:   National University of Pharmacy, Honcharuk N.V.
Published: November 2023

The scientific work revealed the type of physique in women with gynecological diseases, as well as assessed the parameters of physical development and the degree of risk of concomitant diseases of women with gynecological diseases
Medial patellofemoral ligament rekonstrüksiyonu sonrası kalça abduktör kas kuvvetlendirme egzersizlerinin diz fonksiyonu üzerine etkisi
Authors: ULUSOY Burak , ERCAN Niyazi , ULAŞ Efehan , AKMEŞE Ramazan , ERGUN Nevin
Published: November 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, medial patellofemoral ligament rekonstrüksiyonu geçirmiş hastalarda diz kas kuvvetlendirme egzersiz programına ek olarak yapılan kalça abduktör kuvvetlendirme egzersizlerinin fonksiyonel iyileşme üzerine etkisini araştırmak idi.

Yöntem: Çalışmaya 30 hasta dahil edildi. Hastalar randomize olarak diz kas kuvvetlendirme egzersiz grubu ve diz kuvvetlendirme egzersizlerine ek olarak kalça abduktör egzersiz grubuna ayrılarak 12 haftalık egzersiz programına dahil edildi. Hastaların preoperatif, postoperatif 3., 6. ve 12. aylarda diz fonksiyonları Kujala, (International Knee Documentation Committee) Subjektif Diz Değerlendirme Formu, Tegner ve Lysholm skorları ile değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Diz skorları preoperatif dönemde gruplar arasında benzerdi (p>0,05). Kontrol grubuna kıyasla, 6. ve 12. aylarda Kujala (6. ay: p=0,03, 12. ay: p=0,03), International Knee Documentation Committee Subjektif Diz Değerlendirme Formu (3. ay: p=0,01, 6. ay: p=0,01, 12. ay: p=0,03) ve Lysholm (3. ay: p=0,04, 6. ay: p=0,04, 12. ay: p=0,01) skorları çalışma grubunda daha yüksek bulundu. Benzer şekilde, Tegner aktivite skoru çalışma grubunda, cerrahi sonrası 12. ayda daha yüksek idi (p=0,04).

Sonuç: Medial patellofemoral ligament rekonstrüksiyonu geçirmiş bireylerde diz kuvvetlendirme egzersiz programına ek olarak yapılan kalça abduktör kuvvetlendirme egzersizleri diz fonksiyonlarının iyileşmesi açısından sadece diz kuvvetlendirme egzersizlerine kıyasla daha etkiliydi. Bu nedenle rehabilitasyon programına kalça abduktör egzersizlerin dahil edilmesi, performansın gelişmesi açısından önemli olacaktır.
Kronik konstipasyonu olan kadınlarda konstipasyon şiddeti ile fiziksel aktivite seviyesi, vücut kütle indeksi, bel/kalça oranı ve yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişki
Authors: KARAASLAN Yasemin , OGUTMEN KOC Deniz , TOPRAK ÇELENAY Şeyda
Published: November 2023

Amaç: Kronik konstipasyonu olan kadınlarda konstipasyon şiddeti ile fiziksel aktivite seviyesi, vücut kütle indeksi (VKİ), bel/kalça oranı ve yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemekti.

Yöntem: Kronik konstipasyonu olan 115 kadının konstipasyon şiddeti Konstipasyon Ciddiyet Ölçeği (KCÖ) ile, fiziksel aktivite seviyesi Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi-Kısa Form (UFAA-KF) ile, VKİ vücut ağırlığı / boy uzunluğu hesabı ile, bel/kalça oranı mezura ile ve yaşam kalitesi Nottingham Sağlık Profili (NSP) ile değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: KCÖ-dışkı tıkanıklığı, KCÖ-kalın barsak tembelliği, KCÖ-ağrı ve KCÖ-toplam skorları ile UFAA-KF skoru arasında negatif ilişkiler (sırasıyla rho=-0,482, -0,364, -0,366 ve -0,538) bulunurken, bel/kalça oranı ile (KCÖ-kalın barsak tembelliği hariç) arasında pozitif ilişkiler (sırasıyla rho=0,288, 0,374 ve 0,322) bulundu (p
Violência contra adolescentes
Authors: Lawrenz Priscila , Friedrich Dupont Melina , Inaiá Chambart Daniela , Carolyna Pires Mazzini Bordini Thays , Pinto Pizarro de Freitas Clarissa , Fernanda Habigzang Luísa
Published: November 2023

Por meio da presente pesquisa, se intenta caracterizar as situações de violência contra adolescentes notifi cadas por profi ssionais da saúde por meio da Ficha Individual do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notifi cação (FIN-SINAN) no Rio Grande do Sul entre 2009 e 2017. Objetiva-se, também, avaliar diferenças em relação às vítimas, aos agressores e aos contextos de violência. Para tanto, foram analisadas 23.536 notificações de violência. Os dados foram coletados por meio da FIN-SINAN, posteriormente disponibilizados pelo Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde (CEVS). Com isso, verificou-se que a maioria das situações de violência foi perpetrada contra adolescentes do sexo feminino (66,8%), na residência da vítima (58,9%) e por agressores do sexo masculino (61,7%). A violência física foi a mais notificada (57,5%) e a maior parte dos encaminhamentos foi realizada para o Conselho Tutelar (54,3%). Portanto, os dados apontaram para a gravidade da violência e para a necessidade de capacitar os profissionais da saúde.
Constituição da identidade social urbana de moradores de serviços residenciais terapêuticos
Authors: Barboza da Silveira Bettieli , Kuhnen Ariane
Published: November 2023

O conceito de Identidade Social Urbana busca compreender o modo as pessoas se identificam e se apropriam, constroem afetos e memórias associadas aos lugares que percorrem. Esta pesquisa almejou refletir sobre este processo transcorrendo as simbologias da inclusão de moradores de Serviços Residenciais Terapêuticos nas cidades que habitam, a fim de compreender como eles constituem suas identificações. Quatorze participantes responderam à técnica de Autobiografia ambiental aliada a uma entrevista semiestruturada, analisadas à luz da Análise Temática. Fatores culturais das cidades foram ímpares, mediando a aproximação dos participantes com o entorno urbano. Por fim, destaca-se a logística como escolha essencial à estruturação do Serviço, na medida que favorece ou retrai incursões autônomas nas cidades.
Construction of Contemporary Russian Identity in 21st Century Vampire Literary Narratives
Authors: Pichnicka-Trivedi Patrycja
Published: November 2023

The article examines the construction of contemporary Russian identity within and through the 21st-century Vampire Narrative. It focuses specifically on the construction of geographical places (such as Russian villages, Moscow or America) as a means to map the world and construct Russian identity. The analysis concentrates on two literary works: a vampire dilogy by Victor Pelevin (Empire V [2006] and Batman Apollo [2013]) and Oleg Divov’s novel Night Watcher (2004). They are put into their historical and contemporary context and submitted to structural analysis. Tlostanova’s theory of Secondary Empire is then applied. Both works are profoundly patriarchal and colonial towards further, more Eastern Others, but Russian identity is constructed, above all, in relation to the collective West. Russianness gets metaphysical importance as the only actually valuable attitude to the world. The reasoning bears features of resistance and imperialism (masked as resistance).
Vztahy mezi literaturou a hudbou v díle Gustawa Morcinka
Authors: Martinek Libor
Published: November 2023

The study is devoted to the interdisciplinary relationship between literature and music in the work of the most popular Polish writer from Silesia, Gustaw Morcinek (born Augustín Morcinek, August 24, 1891 in Karviná, Austria-Hungary – December 20, 1963 in Krakow, Poland). In his rich literary work for adults as well as for children and young people, while it is mainly prose, less often drama (he did not devote himself to poetry), we find inspiration in musical folklore (mainly Silesian, exceptionally Moravian and Slovak), also in popular and classical music. The music in Morcinek’s work serves, among other things, to better characterize space and time, character traits of the characters, and capture the overall mood of the literary work or part of it. In our study, we are methodologically based primarily on the works of the Polish comparatist Andrzej Hejmej, who has been theoretically devoted to the relationship between literature and music for a long time.
On the Croatian Translation of Dorota Masłowska's Novel Wojna polsko-ruska pod flagą białoczerwoną
Authors: Pycia-Košća Paulina , Košćak Nikola
Published: November 2023

This paper analyzes the Croatian translation of Dorota Masłowska’s Polish novel Wojna polsko-ruska pod flagą biało-czerwoną. The aim of the research is to analyze the translation solutions on the lexical, syntactic and stylistic level, on the level of intertextual and popular culture references, and check the degree of equivalence between the source and target text.
Reserva de carbono en sistemas silvopastoriles: Un estudio en el Medio Sinú, Colombia
Authors: Contreras-Santos Jose Luis , Falla-Guzmán Cindy Katherine , Rodríguez José Luis , Fernando-Garrido Jeyson , Martínez-Atencia Judith , Aguayo-Ulloa Lorena
Published: November 2023

Introducción. Los sistemas silvopastoriles tienen un papel importante en la producción ganadera, aportan beneficios a los componentes animal y edáfico, ofrecen servicios ambientales como la captura de carbono atmosférico en el suelo y la biomasa. Objetivo. Evaluar la capacidad de captura de carbono atmosférico en tres sistemas de diferentes complejidades enfocados a la producción ganadera, en el norte de Colombia. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el Centro de Investigación Turipaná de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria entre 2019 y 2021. Se evaluaron parámetros dasométricos del componente arbóreo/arbustivo. Se estimó la biomasa aérea (CBA) y subterránea (CBR) de estas especies con modelos alométricos. Se cuantificó la biomasa de hojarasca caída (CLIT) y el carbono orgánico en el suelo hasta los 30 cm, con lecturas cada 10 cm, por el método de combustión y carbono total acumulado. El diseño correspondió a bloques completos al azar, con tres tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos correspondieron a dos sistemas silvopastoriles (SSP) de diferente complejidad y una gramínea sin árboles (Pr). Resultados. La biomasa aérea fue mayor dentro los SSP (2,18±1,13, 4,51±3,76 t ha-1 C) que en Pr (0,19±0,09 t ha-1 C). En SSP2 se presentó la mayor acumulación de CBR (1,16±3,76 t ha-1 C) y CLIT (3,09±2,45 t ha-1 C). Los valores de carbono orgánico acumulado en el suelo (COS), mostraron mayor acumulación en el primer estrato. El COS representó en los tres sistemas más del 70 % del aporte total en carbono acumulado. Conclusión. Bajo las condiciones ambientales de bosque seco tropical húmedo, los sistemas silvopastoriles aumentaron la reserva de carbono atmosférico en el suelo y en la biomasa; el uso de SSP es una estrategia en la mitigación de gases de efecto invernadero en el sistema productivo ganadero.
Dyke–Davidoff–Masson syndrome – a review of the literature
Authors: Potyrała Piotr Jan , Krawczuk Aleksandra , Bieniasz Jan , Matkowski Igor , Dendys Konrad , Bigos Paula , Kuźnicki Wojciech , Chmielak Krzysztof
Published: November 2023

Dyke–Davidoff–Mason syndrome is an extremely rare medical condition that results from brain damage occurring during foetal life or early childhood. The aetiology of the syndrome can be congenital or acquired. The clinical presentation of the syndrome is variable, and depends on the extent of damage to the central nervous system. It most commonly manifests as epileptic seizures, intellectual disability, and hemiparesis/hemiplegia, which is usually preceded by the first seizure. It is suspected that intellectual impairment is a consequence of epilepsy. The spectrum of symptoms also includes psychiatric conditions, particularly psychotic disorders and mood disorders. Radiological manifestations of the syndrome include midline cerebral shift, widening of the Sylvian fissure, hemispheric aplasia/hypoplasia of the brain, ipsilateral cranial bone thickening, lateral ventricle enlargement, as well as hyperpneumatisation of the frontal and sphenoid bones, and the mastoid process. Diagnosis is mainly based on imaging tests such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as neurological examination and electroencephalography. During the patient’s history-taking, particular attention should be paid to pregnancy history and the childhood period in order to identify potential etiological factors. No characteristic changes in laboratory tests indicating Dyke–Davidoff–Mason syndrome have been found. Treatment is primarily symptomatic. The greatest challenge for physicians is the control of epileptic seizures. Conservative treatment is initially employed. If proven to be ineffective, surgical treatment should be considered.
Estructura Factorial, Validez, Fiabilidad e Invariancia de Género del Cuestionario de Autoevaluación de Ansiedad ante los Exámenes (CAAE)
Authors: Malas Olga
Published: November 2023

El objetivo de este estudio fue validar el Cuestionario de Autoevaluación de la Ansiedad ante los Exámenes (CAAE) en estudiantes universitarios (n= 1024), de ambos sexos (66,4% mujeres y 33,6% hombres) y 20,34 años de edad media (DE: 1,78). Para el estudio, la muestra se dividió aleatoriamente en dos grupos. Con el primer grupo se probaron 23 modelos estructurales utilizando un enfoque basado en el análisis factorial confirmatorio (CFA, por sus siglas en inglés) y el análisis exploratorio de modelos estructurales (ESEM, por sus siglas en inglés). El modelo Bifactorial S-1, con un factor general y un factor cognitivo específico, presentó los mejores índices de ajuste (TLI: 0,91; CFI: 0,93; RMSEA: 0,077). El modelo fue replicado en la segunda muestra confirmándose su validez, fiabilidad e invarianza de género.
EN PRENSA. SARS-COV-2 RNA decay on raw environmental aquatic matrices. EN PRENSA
Authors: Lira-Morales Juan Daniel , Medrano-Felix Jose Andrés , Martinez-Rodriguez Celida Isabel , Castro-del Campo Nohelia , Chaidez-Quiroz Cristobal
Published: November 2023

SARS-CoV-2 está presente en las heces y saliva de individuos con infecciones sintomáticas y asintomáticas, estos fluidos se depositan en frecuentemente en aguas residuales, por lo tanto, la vigilancia del ARN de SARS-CoV-2 presente en estas matrices acuáticas es una herramienta prometedora como una señal de alerta temprana para detectar futuras pandemias. En la actualidad se sabe que el material genético del virus puede sobrevivir por varios días en agua residual, sin embargo, más información es necesaria para entender mejor la cinética de la carga viral en matrices acuáticas a través del tiempo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la cinética de detección de ARN de SARS-CoV-2 a través del tiempo en diferentes matrices acuáticas. Cada una de las matrices acuáticas (Marina, influente, efluente y potable) fue inoculada y evaluada por 62 días para determinar la cinética de decaimiento en la detección de ARN viral por RT-PCR en tiempo real. El ARN de SARS-CoV-2 fue detectado durante la duración del experimento en todas las matrices. El agua de efluente, influente y marina dificultaron la detección de SARS-CoV-2 conforme avanzaba el tiempo con una vida media de 15.24, 43.24, y 32.38 días y T90 de 50.63, 143.64 y 107.54 días respectivamente. Por otra parte, en el agua potable, la detección fue constante a lo largo del experimento. Este estudio demuestra el impacto de la matriz acuática en la detección de la carga viral probablemente afectada por los parámetros fisicoquímicos, de igual forma, es interesante entender que el SARS-CoV-2 puede detectarse por un largo periodo de tiempo en aguas recreativas y residuales lo que lo vuelve una herramienta relevante para realizar epidemiología basada en agua como un indicator de la salud de la comunidad.
Side effects following administration of the Gam-COVID-Vac in Montenegro
Authors: Dabanovic Vera
Published: November 2023

Introduction. In Montenegro, vaccination against COVID-19 infection began with the use of Gam-COVID-Vac, which was not approved for emergency use before the end of clinical trials, by the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize the adverse effects.

Materials and methods. For the purpose of this study, there were collected data from national adverse events reporting form for Gam-COVID-Vac obtained from the Health Institution Pharmacy of Montenegro — Montefarm, as the holder of permits for these vaccines. Results. For the period March 1, 2021 to February 13, 2022, after administration of 16 756 doses of vaccine Gam-COVID, a total of 220 case reports, or 716 adverse effects were recorded. The mean age of vaccinated individuals who reported adverse effects was 40.79±11.35 years. Totally, 79.55% females versus 20.45% males reported side effects post-vaccination. The most common adverse reaction was pyrexia (79.55%). Other very common adverse effects were as follows: injection site pain (38.18%), headache (33.18%), myalgia (32.27%), malaise (31.82%), fever (30.45%), arthralgia (22.73%) as well as swelling and redness at the site of application (15.91%). Less common adverse effects were nausea, pain in extremity, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue, sore throat and labial herpes. Serious adverse effects were recorded in 8 cases including tinnitus, thrombophlebitis, hypotension, chest pain, palpitations and peripheral cyanosis related to specific comorbidities.

Conclusions. After the administration of Gam-COVID vaccine, the population in Montenegro experienced mild to moderate adverse effects, with rare serious transient adverse effects related to specific comorbidities. The data presented here on investigating Gam-COVID-Vac caccine verified good safety profile and high tolerability evidenced by the statistics analysis as lacked COVID-19-associated hospitalizations or deaths.
Asymptotics of K-Fold Cross Validation
Authors: Li Jessie
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates the asymptotic distribution of the K-fold cross validation error in an i.i.d. setting. As the number of observations n goes to infinity while keeping the number of folds K fixed, the K-fold cross validation error is √ n-consistent for the expected out-of-sample error and has an asymptotically normal distribution. A consistent estimate of the asymptotic variance is derived and used to construct asymptotically valid confidence intervals for the expected out-of-sample error. A hypothesis test is developed for comparing two estimators’ expected out-of-sample errors and a subsampling procedure is used to obtain critical values. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the asymptotic validity of our confidence intervals for the expected out-of-sample error and investigate the size and power properties of our test. In our empirical application, we use our estimator selection test to compare the out-of-sample predictive performance of OLS, Neural Networks, and Random Forests for predicting the sale price of a domain name in a GoDaddy expiry auction.
Diagnosing AI Explanation Methods with Folk Concepts of Behavior
Authors: Jacovi Alon , Bastings Jasmijn , Gehrmann Sebastian , Goldberg Yoav , Filippova Katja
Published: November 2023

We investigate a formalism for the conditions of a successful explanation of AI. We consider “success” to depend not only on what information the explanation contains, but also on what information the human explainee understands from it. Theory of mind literature discusses the folk concepts that humans use to understand and generalize behavior. We posit that folk concepts of behavior provide us with a “language” that humans understand behavior with. We use these folk concepts as a framework of social attribution by the human explainee—the information constructs that humans are likely to comprehend from explanations—by introducing a blueprint for an explanatory narrative (Figure 1) that explains AI behavior with these constructs. We then demonstrate that many XAI methods today can be mapped to folk concepts of behavior in a qualitative evaluation. This allows us to uncover their failure modes that prevent current methods from explaining successfully—i.e., the information constructs that are missing for any given XAI method, and whose inclusion can decrease the likelihood of misunderstanding AI behavior.
Similarities and Differences between Osteoclast-Mediated Functional Activation of NK, CD3+ T, and γδ T Cells from Humans, Humanized-BLT Mice, and WT Mice
Authors: Kaur Kawaljit , Jewett Anahid
Published: November 2023

This study is focused on assessing the activation in NK, CD3+ T, and γδ T cells when they interact with osteoclasts (OCs) and monocytes in the presence or absence of zoledronate (ZOL), both in humans and WT mice. OCs resulted in increased IFN-γ secretion in NK, CD3+ T, and γδ T cells, however, the significantly highest increase was seen when cells were co-cultured with ZOL-treated OCs. Our previous studies have demonstrated increased IFN-γ secretion in the peripheral blood-derived immune cells of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) mice model. This could be due to increased OCs-induced activation of immune cells with ZOL treatment. We also observed increased IFN-γ secretion in humanized-BLT (hu-BLT) mice NK cells when were co-cultured with OCs or monocytes, and higher IFN-γ secretion levels were seen in the presence of OCs or ZOL-treated OCs. In addition, similar effects on IFN-γ secretion levels of NK, CD3+ T, and γδ T cells were seen whether cells were co-cultured with allogeneic OCs or autologous OCs.
IMPACT OF AN ANISOTROPIC POROUS MEDIA ON THERMOBIOCONVECTION INSTABILITY IN THE PRESENCE OF GYROTACTICMICROORGANISMS AND HEATING FROM BELOW
Authors: Garg Arpan , Sharma Y. D. , Jain Subit K. , Saini Shivani
Published: November 2023

The onset of thermobioconvection in a horizontal fluid layer saturated by gyrotactic microorganisms into an anisotropic
porous medium is examined. The modeling of the governing equations considers heating from below, Darcy flow, and
Boussinesq approximations along with the presence of gyrotactic microorganisms. The system of ordinary differential equations is obtained using linear stability analysis and the normal mode technique. The single-term Galerkin method casts the analytical solutions while the higher-order Galerkin technique is employed to compute the numerical solutions. The influence of the mechanical and thermal anisotropy parameters along with all bioconvection parameters on the onset of thermobioconvection are analytically as well as numerically discussed. It is perceived that bioconvection Rayleigh-Darcy number Rb, the gyrotactic number G, and Péclet number Q are to fast-forward the onset of convective motion. On the other hand, thermal anisotropy produces a stable system and acts to postpone the bioconvection pattern
formulation. Mechanical anisotropy is found to have a destabilizing impact on the stability of the suspension and helps in the development of bioconvection. The enhancement of mechanical and thermal anisotropy is found to increase the size of bioconvective cells whereas the augmentation of the concentration of gyrotactic specie reduces the convective cell size.
MODERN INSTRUMENTAL STUDIES IN HYPERPLASTIC PROCESSES OF THE ENDOMETRIUM
Authors: Zanko Sergey , Lysenko Olga
Published: November 2023

The data concerning the issues of diagnosing endometrial hyperplastic processes in terms of diagnostic accuracy, accessibility and minimal invasiveness are considered. The necessity of transition in most intrauterine interventions to Pipelle-biopsy instead of diagnostic curettage and hysteroscopy has been substantiated and confirmed. Pipelle biopsy is an effective, low-traumatic, affordable and cost-effective method. Particular attention is paid to the advantages and features of using various types of aspiration probes for Pipelle biopsy.
Challenges and Threats to the Foundations of the Constitutional Order and the Russian Statehood: Political-Legal and Criminological Aspects
Authors: Boskholov Sergey
Published: November 2023

The author examines the contradictions, challenges and threats to Russia’s national security that can be found in the Constitution of the Russian Federation (the RF Constitution), specifically in Art. 9, 13 and 15 of Chapter 1 and Art. 17 and 20 of the RF Constitution, as well as other normative legal acts. The author’s understanding of the causes for their emergence at the stage of developing the RF Constitution’s draft is presented. It is proven that unless eliminated, these threats could only further escalate and turn into a serious factor that counteracts the future development of Russia as an autonomous, sovereign and independent state. The author presents a political-legal and criminological analysis of these challenges and threats from the standpoint of contemporary geopolitical situation and the tasks of ensuring national security. The criminal nature of American-style globalization is uncovered, which consists in preserving the US dominance in the global processes and transition from the strategy of containing Russia to the strategy of its total destruction. The idea of the necessity to balance the interests of the person, the society and the state is put forward. According to the author, the unlimited freedom of a person in its Western interpretation contradicts the civilization code of the multinational Russian people, and leads not only to the personal social degradation of an individual, but also the degradation of the society and the state, the loss of the social role of state and law. Based on the results of the conducted research, the author concludes that it is necessary to reconsider a number of established erroneous views and ideas concerning the issues under consideration, and to exclude the norms which contain challenges and threats to Russia’s national security from the RF Constitution by adopting a new RF Constitution, as it is the only possible way to eliminate them. To ensure social justice, it is suggested that the moratorium on the death penalty should be abolished, and changes be introduced in Part 2, Art. 20 of the RF Constitution. The author presents criminal law and criminological measures aimed at counteracting the threat to national security and statehood of the Russian Federation.
The Concept and Essence of Suspicion in Russian Criminal Court Proceedings
Authors: Smolkova Iraida
Published: November 2023

The author analyzes a highly debated problem of the Russian science of criminal court proceedings — the problem of defining the concept, essence and meaning of suspicion. The institute of suspicion makes it possible to protect the rights and lawful interests in the situation when a person has not yet been charged, but the procedural coercion measures have already been applied. It is noted that the criminal procedure law does not define suspicion, although the term itself is mentioned numerous times, and a number of articles in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation set a requirement for the officers of the bodies of preliminary investigation to clarify the essence of suspicion to the participants of criminal proceedings. Although considerable changes have been made in the part of criminal procedure law referring to suspicion, the lawmakers have not dared to reconsider the long-time traditional approach to suspicion established in both theory and practice, but introduced just some specific changes, which have not solved the problems of the criminal procedure activity at the initial stage of criminal prosecution connected with suspicion, but, on the contrary, have increased their number. A considerable number of the norms connected with suspicion and suspects are either mutually contradictory, or non-specific and vague. Not only the lawmakers, but also the science of criminal procedure has not yet proposed a unified approach to the definition of the concept of «suspicion». The author analyzes various approaches to the concept and essence of suspicion found in the theory of criminal court proceedings.
Paradigms of Modern Criminology
Authors: Nomokonov Vitaly
Published: November 2023

What is important today is the convergence and synthesis of research approaches that strive to explain destructive behavior. The basic methodological framework of modern criminology is composed of two competing approaches — the axiological (normative) and the ontological (sociological) ones. Both theoretical-methodological approaches possess, to a certain extent, some heuristic value and correlate according to the well-known principle of complimentarity. However, the actual variety of theoretical and methodological concepts in criminology is so rich that it cannot be reduced to the opposition of the two abovementioned approaches.
The axiological approach to explaining the causes of crime logically leads up to the concept of so-called social deformations that are understood in a broad sense, not only as «deformations-violations», but also as «violations-imperfections» compared to some kind of social standard for these relations. The standard, in its turn, should not be defined speculatively, but should rather be objectively dictated by the historical perspective, the dominant trend of the development of this society and the whole human civilization.
The new paradigm, which is becoming part of the arsenal of Russian criminology, is based on the acceptance of synergetics ideas by criminologists. In connection with this, the «principle of subordination» could be useful for explaining the causes of crime. It states that a complex task can be reduced to solving a small number of variables («the parameters of order») that determine all others. When understanding the causal complex of crime, it is crucial to find the general indicators playing the key, determining part in the system of this complex. The synergetic approach could also become the basis for a principally new concept of crime prevention in general. It explains why sometimes a very strong external influence on the system turns out to be far less effective than a weak influence does, and vice versa: the important feature of the influence is not for it to be strong, but to be resonant, i.e. maximally aligned to the features of the managed system.
The idea of so-called positive criminology has been discussed in criminological publications in recent years. It is based on the humane-personal approach, and its successful implementation depends on a deeper understanding of a criminal’s personality.
Integração dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável na gestão da sustentabilidade do setor de suco de laranja do Brasil
Authors: Bettini Mariana Manente , Silva Filho Cândido Ferreira da , Conti Diego de Melo , Benedicto Samuel Carvalho De
Published: November 2023

O modelo econômico atual tem levado os recursos naturais à exaustão e, com isso, cresce a pressão por parte dos clientes e demais partes interessadas para que as empresas atuem de forma mais sustentável. Visando atender esta demanda e enxergando os potenciais benefícios advindos da adoção das práticas sustentáveis, como maior aproximação com seus stakeholders e maior estabilidade em períodos de crise, alguns setores passam a apresentar engajamento no tema. Por isso, no decorrer das últimas décadas, alguns conceitos que visam aproximar o mundo corporativo das práticas sustentáveis foram apresentados e passaram por evoluções. O setor de suco de laranja do Brasil, área em que o país é destaque global, apresenta engajamento sobre o tema?.  Face ao exposto, objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar como se dá a adesão das maiores empresas do setor de suco de laranja aos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) das Nações Unidas, como consta na Agenda 2030. A metodologia utilizada é caracterizada como qualitativa, bibliográfica, descritiva e documental. Os resultados mostram que as maiores empresas do setor têm se esforçado para promover a integração dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) na gestão dos negócios, contudo, este processo se dá em ritmos distintos.
Influência do uso e ocupação do solo na qualidade da água do reservatório Biritiba Mirim (Sistema Produtor Alto-Tietê/SP)
Authors: Fermoseli Júnior José Antônio , Rosini Edna Ferreira , Tucci Andréa , Costa Renata Cristina Araújo , Osti João Saviolo
Published: November 2023

A região metropolitana de São Paulo apresenta cerca de 21 milhões de habitantes, para o abastecimento de água desta população são utilizados oito sistemas produtores de água, entre eles o Sistema Produtor Alto Tietê, responsável por 15% do abastecimento e composto por cinco reservatórios. A atividade agrícola é a base econômica na região do reservatório Biritiba Mirim e o uso do solo para este fim, por vezes, se estende até o seu entorno, o que pode comprometer a qualidade da água devido ao uso excessivo de fertilizantes, defensivos agrícolas, entre outros. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade da água do reservatório Biritiba Mirim, localizado no município de Biritiba Mirim/SP, e relacionar com uso e ocupação do solo. Foram realizadas quatro coletas trimestrais (agosto e novembro de 2019 e fevereiro e maio de 2020) em dez estações amostrais distribuídas espacialmente no reservatório (próximas à área com presença de mata ciliar e áreas agrícolas). Foram mensuradas variáveis física, químicas e microbiológicas da água, além de calculado o Índice de Qualidade da Água e Índice de Estado Trófico. Análises revelaram que as variáveis analisadas estão dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação CONAMA 357/2005, com exceção do fósforo total, cujos valores, em duas diferentes áreas, atingiram concentrações acima do limite legal. Ressalta-se que os maiores valores foram registrados em áreas próximas ao cultivo agrícola e a maior concentração de fósforo total nestas áreas pode estar relacionada à adubação fosfatada, realizada a cada plantio, cujos resíduos acabam carreados para o interior do corpo hídrico.
Auf dem Weg zur Etablierung von Starkregen-Resilienzen durch vorbereitende Bauleitplanung –
Authors: Ganser Robin
Published: November 2023

Die Stadtplanung ist bereits seit geraumer Zeit mit den Folgen des Klimawandels konfrontiert. Insbesondere in hoch verdichteten Stadtteilen bzw. in Bereichen mit intensiver Nachverdichtung, ergeben sich Zielkonflikte zwischen einem sparsamen Umgang mit der Ressource Fläche einerseits und dem Etablieren von Starkregen-Resilienzen andererseits. Diese lassen sich nur durch frühzeitige, systematische, interdisziplinäre Kooperation zwischen Stadtplanung und Siedlungswasserwirtschaft bewältigen. Dabei sind bereits auf gesamtörtlicher Ebene wichtige Weichen zu stellen.
Kesarjanaan Sufi Salafi di Maghribi: ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Talīdī, Pengajian Hadis dan Kitab Bidāyat al-Wuṣūl bi-Lubb Ṣiḥāḥ
Authors: Bin Jamil Khairil Husaini
Published: November 2023

Makalah ini mengetengahkan kesarjanaan seorang tokoh Muslim Maghribi iaitu ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Talīdī. Meskipun keilmuan beliau diiktiraf oleh sejumlah para ilmuwan dunia dan boleh dihargai menerusi karya-karya dan legasi beliau, tiada sebarang penerokaan ilmiah khususnya dalam bahasa Melayu yang memaparkan sejarah, kesarjanaan dan sumbangan beliau kepada tradisi keilmuan dan intelektual Islam. Makalah ini cuba mengisi kelompangan tersebut dengan menggunakan metode kajian kepustakaan dan analisis bersasar terhadap karya-karya beliau. Makalah ini akan turut menyentuh serba sedikit pemikiran madrasah al-Ṣiddīqiyyah al-Ghumāriyyah memandangkan ia meninggalkan pengaruh yang sangat besar kepada kesarjanaan al-Talīdī. Sejarah kesarjanaan al-Talīdī juga berupaya menjelaskan lagi gambaran polemik Salafi dan Sufi yang melatari kesarjanaan neo-tradisionalisme di Maghribi. Selanjutnya, karya al-Talīdī iaitu Bidāyat al-Wuṣūl bi-Lubb Ṣiḥāḥ al-Ummāhāt wa al-Uṣūl akan diperincikan kerana ia tidak hanya terhad kepada hadis-hadis ṣaḥīḥ sahaja dan tidak pula terlalu luas meliputi kesemua hadis. Ia seumpama pengembangan karya 40 hadis al-Nawawī yang tidak terhad kepada tema tertentu seperti Riyāḍ al-Ṣāliḥīn atau Bulūgh al-Marām. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa kepelbagaian pendirian dan konflik menunjukkan pengamalan ijtihad turut wujud dalam kalangan mereka yang muncul di arena keilmuan melalui tradisi zāwiyah. Meskipun tidak terkenal sebagai salah seorang nuqqād dalam kesarjanaan hadis semasa, al-Talīdī telah memberikan sumbangan kepada pendidikan masyarakat umum melalui karya Bidāyat al-Wuṣūl yang menunjukkan bahawa pendekatan pengesahan hadis dan penolakan hadis yang sangat lemah dan palsu dianggap sangat penting dalam menyampaikan kerangka dan amalan Islam yang benar.