bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mistreatment in the gynaecology and obstetrics units of health facilities: community women's experiences in Guinea
Authors: Sall Alpha Oumar , Diallo Ramata , Balde Mamadou Dioulde , Camara Sadan , Kourouma Kabinet , Toure Madeleine , Diallo Aissatou , Sidibe Tiany , Millimono Felix , Balde Ousmane
Published: April 2024

Background: Improving maternal and child health helps to ensure women's well-being. However, despite many efforts, women are still subjected to mistreatment and abuse in health facilities such as gynaecology and obstetrics units. Data on women's mistreatment in gynaecology are scarce and insufficient in obstetrics departments. This study therefore analyses women's experiences of mistreatment in these services in Guinea.
Methods: This study is based on a qualitative approach using in-depth individual interviews and group discussions with community women. The data was subjected to thematic analysis.
Results: This study revealed a high prevalence of mistreatment of women in health facilities, both during provision of gynaecological services and in obstetric units (pregnancy, prenatal consultations and childbirth). They are mainly victims of verbal abuse, negligence and informal payment, and to a lesser extent physical violence. Victims generally have few means of redress. This mistreatment is encouraged above all by the lack of training for health care providers, the inadequacy of services and the absence of sanctions. To prevent and combat this phenomenon, it is necessary to organise training courses on respectful maternal care for healthcare providers, make patients aware of their rights and the culture of consent, and apply disciplinary sanctions.
Conclusions: This study has enabled us to understand the types and extent of mistreatment suffered by women in obstetrics and gynaecology units.  It identified measures to be taken to prevent and combat mistreatment in these units in order to ensure respectful healthcare and improve relations between healthcare providers and their clients.
Prevalence and determinants of cesarean section in a rural tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Begum Fatema , Akter Saida , Jahan Arshad , Hoque Luna Farhana , Aktar M. Nasrin
Published: April 2024

Background: Cesarean section (CS) stands as the foremost major surgical procedure in contemporary obstetrics. Initially developed primarily to safeguard maternal life during challenging childbirth scenarios, its prevalence has shown a concerning upward trajectory in recent times. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and determinants of Cesarean section deliveries in a rural tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This was a retrospective observational study and was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College & Hospital, Sirajganj, Bangladesh during the period from January 2018 to December 2019.
Results: Out of a total of 1600 deliveries, 390 (24.4%) were vaginal deliveries, while 1210 (75.6%) were cesarean sections respectively. Majority 94.8% patients were 20-34 years old, 1.8% were less than or equal to 19 years and 3.4% were great than or equal to 35 years old respectively. The majority of cesarean sections, 814 (67.3%), were performed as elective procedures and 396 (32.7%) were performed as emergency procedures respectively. Majority 512 (42.3%) were performed on women who had a history of previous cesarean deliveries, 34 (2.8%) were performed due to non-progression or prolonged labor, 99 (8.2%) were performed due to malpresentation of the baby and 308 (25.5%) were performed at the request of the mother respectively.
Conclusions: In conclusion, this retrospective observational study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and determinants of caesarean sections in a rural tertiary care hospital.
Evaluation of the complete profile of male partners in infertile couples with special emphasis on detection of genital tuberculosis
Authors: Sethi Niharika , Guleria Karandeep , Verma Devender , Tempe Anjali
Published: April 2024

Background: To evaluate the complete profile of male partners in infertile couples with special emphasis on detection of genital TB.
Methods: The study was conducted in the fertility clinic of department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak and GB Pant Hospitals, New Delhi from August 2015 to December 2016 among 100 infertile couples. Detailed history, general physical and local examination of male partners was done. Routine blood and urine tests, combined with radiology examination of chest and mantoux skin test of male partners were done followed by investigations specific to male factor evaluation. Two semen samples collected after 3-5 days of sexual abstinence were analyzed to assess semen parameters such as volume, total sperm count, total motility and morphology. Ultrasound and colour Doppler of scrotum and hormone analysis was done in all cases of azoopermia, oligoasthenospermia or asthenospermia. Testicular FNAC was done for all cases of azoospermia and oligoasthenospermia to establish cause of male infertility.
Results: 72% couples had primary infertility. 34% males were daily tobacco chewers. 8 males had varicocele and 2 had undescended testes on examination. 60% males had semen analysis in the normal range and 19% had azoospermia. Tobacco chewing, testicular size abnormalities, varicocele, hydrocele were significantly associated with abnormal semen findings. A statistically significant relation was found between elevated S.FSH and semen analysis findings. A statistically significant association was found between penile meatal stenosis, chest X-ray, mantoux test with history of TB in male/female partner.
Conclusions: Primary infertility was more common than secondary infertility in our study group. Addiction was found to be an important factor in infertile men particularly tobacco chewing. Elevated Serum FSH levels were a common finding in males with azoospermia and oligoasthenospermia.
Feto-maternal outcome of pregnancy with thrombocytopenia
Authors: Kharadi Kinjal K. , Shah Sapana R. , Deliwala Kruti J. , Parikh Purvi M.
Published: April 2024

Background: Thrombocytopenia is the second most haematological abnormality in pregnancy where the platelets count below 1,50,000/µl. Gestational thrombocytopenia is most common cause of thrombocytopenia, accounts for 70% of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy.
Methods: It is retrospective study with 30 antenatal women at any gestational age having thrombocytopenia, platelet count less than 1,50,000/µl at SVP Hospital, Ahmedabad during duration of May 2023-November 2023.  All the pregnant women who attend OPD and admitted in SVP Hospital, Ahmedabad were included in the study.
Results: The present study found that gestational thrombocytopenia (53.34%) accounted for most common cause of thrombocytopenia, followed by hypertensive disorders (10.0%), HELLP syndrome (6.67%), dengue and malaria (6.67%), DIC (6.67%) and ITP (3.34%) in which 53.34%  women has mild,  36.67%  has moderate and 10% has severe thrombocytopenia. In this study vaginal delivery accounts for 33.34% and caesarean delivery accounts for 66.67%. In present study 50.0% patient of gestational thrombocytopenia didn’t required any treatment.  About 6.67% patients required transfusion of PRC and 33.34% of neonates needed NICU admission. Neonatal mortality due to complications like prematurity, septicemia was seen in 10.0% of the cases.
Conclusions: Outcome of pregnancy with moderate to severe thrombocytopenia depends mainly on the etiology of thrombocytopenia. Early interdisciplinary evaluation of thrombocytopenia during pregnancy can help in optimizing care as fetal outcomes and management depend on the etiology.
Acceptability of contraceptive methods in lactating mothers in a tertiary centre
Authors: Mude Swetha , Singh Anju , Suri Vanita , Singla Rimpi , Bagga Rashmi , Jain Vanita , Kumari Snigdha
Published: April 2024

Background: High fertility rate, high maternal mortality and high infant mortality rates are the shared problems of the all the developing countries of the world. According to Directorate of Health Services surveys, 40% of women who intend to use a family planning method in the first year postpartum are not using one. Contraceptive use is negligible among postpartum women, particularly young mothers. We aimed  to determine the reasons for acceptability, non-acceptability, side effects and continuation  of four contraceptive methods condoms, Depotmedroxyprogesterone acetate, (DMPA), copper intrauterine  contraceptive devices (IUCD), progesterone only pills (POPs) in lactating mother after 6 weeks of delivery.
Methods: A total of 200 healthy nursing mothers, who needed contraception were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Women were explained about all four contraceptive methods used for the study. The reason for accepting a particular method was sought. The study participant were followed up at third and sixth month and side effects, failure rate, continuation rates, reasons for discontinuation of method were assessed.
Results: The most acceptable method was condom (40.5%) followed by DMPA (31%), IUCD (20.5%) and POPs (8%). The most common reason for selection of condom was fear of side effects with other methods (66%). Long acting method like DMPA and IUCD has good continuation rate of 87% and 85% respectively. Failure of contraception was seen only with condoms (2.8%).
Conclusions: This study showed condoms was most acceptable method but had failure whereas DMPA and Cu-IUCD have high continuation rate with no failure.
Role of clinical examination, ultrasound findings and serum beta-hCG in first trimester vaginal bleeding
Authors: Lalchand Hemapriya , Doddapaneni Praharshita
Published: April 2024

Background: The significance of bleeding in first trimester of pregnancy may vary from an inconsequential episode to a life-threatening emergency. USG is safe and non-invasive and widely used for diagnosis various problems in pregnancy. Beta hCG can be detected in the plasma of a pregnant woman as early as eight days after ovulation, and its quantitative estimation can provide useful information regarding early pregnancy. Aim was to determine the role of clinical examination, ultrasonographic parameters and serum beta-hCG in predicting the outcome of pregnancy in first trimester vaginal bleeding.
Methods: It was a prospective observational study conducted in the department of OBG at JSS medical college, Mysuru for a duration of 18 months where in, serum beta-hCG levels, ultrasound examination was done in 120 patients presenting with first trimester of vaginal bleeding with gestational age less than 13 weeks.
Results: Out of 120 patients in our study, 39 patients had miscarriage and 81 patients had viable pregnancy at 28 weeks of gestation. Among those who had pregnancy loss, higher beta-hCG levels were found at 6-8 weeks of gestation. Higher incidence of miscarriage was found in association with subchorionic haemorrhage and smaller gestational sac. No statistically significant association between the pregnancy loss and ultrasound parameters was noted in our study.
Conclusions: The incidence of miscarriage in our study was 32.5%. No statistically significant association between the biochemical and ultrasonography parameters with pregnancy loss in patients presenting with threatened abortion could be established in our study.
Impact of pelvic rocking exercise on dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls
Authors: Saikia Banashri , B. Bhavani B. , K. Logambal , S. Karpagam
Published: April 2024

Background: Pelvic rocking exercise is an exercise which contracts deep abdominal muscles and buttocks by taking deep breath, so that a small movement takes place inside the uterus. It is an exercise which strengthens the muscles of lower abdomen and back by taking deep breath. So that the pressure on blood vessels in the area around uterus is relieved. It helps to relieve menstrual discomfort through increased vasodilatation and subsequent decreased ischemia, release of endogenous opiates and suppression of prostaglandins. It is a non-pharmacological management of dysmenorrhea. It increases endorphin release which decreases pain perception and to suppress prostaglandin release. It is found to be effective in managing stress and is easy to practice. Present study aimed to evaluated the effectiveness of pelvic rocking exercise on dysmenorrhea.
Methods: Pre- experimental one group pre-test post-test design has been used to attain the objectives of the present study. 60 adolescent girls were selected by non- probability purposive sampling technique. Sociodemographic variables, menstrual history related data was collected and standardized Numerical Pain Rating Scale was used to assess the level of dysmenorrhoea among adolescent girls. Pelvic rocking exercise was the intervention done to evaluate its effect on the level of dysmenorrhea.
Results: Out of total adolescent girls, majority had moderate level of dysmenorrhea. There was a significant difference between the pre and post- intervention level of dysmenorrhoea.
Conclusions: Study concluded that the intervention of pelvic rocking exercise was significantly effective in reduction of dysmenorrhoea among the adolescent girls.
A prospective study on the outcome of pregnancies with a history of prior single or multiple early pregnancy losses
Authors: Patel Mosam R. , Rathod Niketankumar , Gori Mahejbin , Akhani Riddhi
Published: April 2024

Background: In spite of the fact that a history of first-trimester recurrent spontaneous abortion (FRSA) is regarded as a risk factor in antenatal care, the characteristic of consequent pregnancy outcome isn’t clearly illustrated.
Methods: A prospective observational analysis was performed on the clinical data of 100 singleton pregnant women.
Results: For maternal outcomes, patients within study group delivered prior with mean gestational age and the incidences of Caesarean section and postpartum haemorrhage were higher. For placental outcomes, the incidence of placenta-mediated pregnancy complications (PMPC) within study group increased in terms of late-onset preeclampsia, oligohydramnios, early-onset fetal growth restriction, and second-trimester abortion. For perinatal outcomes, the proportion of birth abandons of newborns within study group was even higher. At last, logistic regression analyses appeared that the history of FRSA was an autonomous risk factor for caesarean section and pregnancy complications.
Conclusions: Women with the history of FRSA are often exposed to an elevated incidence of maternal-placental-perinatal adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Assessing contraceptive knowledge and usage among currently married women in Mizoram
Authors: Pautunthang N.
Published: April 2024

Background: Limited research on the issue of contraception in Mizoram prompted this study to assess contraceptive knowledge and usage among currently married women aged 15-49 using data from the national family health survey (NFHS).
Methods: Univariate and bivariate analysis was performed using SPSS-25 to analyse the NFHS data from Mizoram, focussing on the levels and trends in contraceptive knowledge and usage among currently married women aged 15-49 in Mizoram with selected background characteristics.
Results: Findings reveal a notable disparity between contraceptive knowledge (99.5%) and its actual usage (31.2%) among currently married women aged 15-49 in Mizoram. The contraceptive usage among currently married women aged 15-49 has declined from 59.9 per cent in 2005-06 to 31.2 per cent in 2019-21. Modern contraceptive methods are preferred over traditional ones, with female sterilisation being the most common method. Male sterilisation (vasectomy) is almost non-existent. District-level disparities exist, with the Aizawl district at 21.6 per cent and the Champhai district at 50 per cent contraceptive usage, according to NFHS-5 (2019-21). Factors influencing contraceptive usage include place of residence, educational level, and number of children. Unmet needs for contraception decreased between 2015-16 and 2019-21.
Conclusions: The study highlights the urgent need for interventions to bridge the gap between contraceptive knowledge and usage among currently married women aged 15-49 in Mizoram. Efforts should focus on promoting modern contraceptive methods addressing district-level disparities. Additionally, initiatives to reduce unmet needs, particularly for spacing methods, are crucial for improving contraceptive usage among currently married women aged 15-49 in Mizoram.
Pregnancy with severe hypertrophic obstructive cardio myopathy fighting against all odds: a case report
Authors: Sai Dhandapani Kalyani , Manimaran Anushri , Fathima Hajira
Published: April 2024

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is an inherited condition causing left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction, with a prevalence of 1 in 500. Widespread use of echocardiography has led to this disorder being increasingly diagnosed in pregnant women. Knowledge of HOCM is imperative for obstetricians. Pregnancy is generally well tolerated in HOCM but women who are symptomatic pre pregnancy or have significant LVOT obstruction can develop complications such as heart failure, arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
Exploring neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix: a case report and literature review
Authors: Gupta Sumedha , Kalwaniya Dheer Singh , Motwani Varsha
Published: April 2024

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rare, comprising less than 1% of cervical malignancies. Diagnosis and management of cervical neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) pose challenges due to its rarity and aggressive nature. Aim of the study was to highlight the importance of considering NEC in the differential diagnosis of cervical malignancies and underscore the potential benefits of comprehensive treatment approaches. We report a case of a 35-year-old woman presenting with post-coital bleeding, subsequently evaluated and diagnosed with NEC T1b1N0Mx following radical hysterectomy. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy led to one year of remission. Cervical NEC poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its rarity and aggressive nature. Despite multimodal treatment, prognosis remains poor, warranting further research and targeted therapies. The rarity of cervical NEC emphasizes the need for increased awareness among clinicians to facilitate early detection and appropriate management. Further studies are warranted to explore novel treatment modalities and improve outcomes for patients with this challenging malignancy.
Study of potency determination of 3X antimuonium crudum in patients with corn
Authors: Kumar Rekha , Prajapati Aarti , Prajapati Pooja
Published: April 2024

Background: Corn is a hyperkeratotic lesion and present under the area of pressure such as the metatarsal head. The thickening of the stratum corneum suggested that the normal physiological phenomena to protect under lying soft tissue from the mechanical pressure or stress.
Methods: 32 patients taken data from OPD, IPD and frequently organized camps by department according to inclusion criteria and as per principles of homeopathy, follow up done every 15 days. Size of corn measured with measuring scale/tape and vernier caliper by Measuring the height, width and diameter of corn pre and post treatment.
Results: Statistical analysis done using paired Student’s t test, considering degree of freedom=16. We find a table value 2.120 (p=0.05) and 2.921 (p=0.011) and the null hypothesis got rejected.
Conclusions: There is significant reduction of disease intensity score, after the homoeopathic treatment. Which shows the efficacy and potency of 3X Antimuonium crudum in the treatment of corn.
Assessing the effectiveness of software driven digital therapeutics in patients with coronary artery disease or post coronary intervention: real-world evidence study
Authors: Palshikar Abhijeet A. , Gharat Chetan , Patel Kamlesh
Published: April 2024

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a significant health concern worldwide. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a common form of CAD that requires immediate treatment. Digital therapeutics (DTx) have emerged as a promising field for disease management, utilizing remote monitoring and promoting behavioral changes. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of LYFE app intervention in improving outcomes for patients with CAD, specifically those with ACS or who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods: This pilot, single-center, real-world evidence study evaluates the effectiveness of the LYFE in CAD and/or post-PCI patients. The primary goal was to assess adherence to medication, physical exercise, diet, and well-being of the participants. Secondary outcomes included assessing vital changes and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events over 6 months.
Results: Among all participants, the majority were male (93.3%) with a mean age of 53.2±12.1 years. After implementing the LYFE app, 90% adhered to regular exercise, 79.3% to prescribed diet and 79.3% reported that they had no difficulty in remembering medication over 6 months. Additionally, notable improvements were observed in the well-being of the participants using the Dartmouth COOP questionnaire. Furthermore, the intervention significantly reduced SBP (-5.52 mmHg, p=0.038), and DBP (-2.63 mmHg, p=0.044) over 6-month follow-up. By the end of the study, 88.9% of the patients had their blood pressure under control. No cardiovascular death or major bleeding events were reported.
Conclusions: LYFE has the potential to enhance cardiovascular health and well-being in CAD and/or post-PCI patients.
Recurrent hypocalcemia due to postoperative total thyroidectomy: a case report
Authors: Wibawa I. Dewa Gede Amara Putra , Wulandari Dewi Catur
Published: April 2024

Hypocalcemia is a common complication following total thyroidectomy, caused by inadvertent damage or removal of the parathyroid glands responsible for calcium regulation. This condition poses a significant challenge in postoperative management, often leading to symptoms such as carpopedal spasm, convulsion, and airway constriction occur during hypocalcemia. Patients undergoing total thyroidectomy require vigilant monitoring of serum calcium levels, especially in the immediate postoperative period. Treatment typically involves calcium to prevent hypocalcemic episodes. Long-term management strategies may include the use of calcitriol. We report 30-years-old Indonesian woman suffer hypoparathyroidism because postoperative total thyroidectomy. For a month she did not have any complaints after being prescribed calcium supplement and levothyroxine. But she has stopped the calcium supplement and levothyroxine for 2 days, then she went to emergency room with stiffness all part of body. This report describes proper education of patients on recognizing symptoms of hypocalcemia and ensuring regular follow-up care are essential to prevent complications and improve quality of life post-thyroidectomy.
Profile of bomb blast injuries
Authors: Harbade Arvind Ranganthrao , Wathore Sanjay , Zine Kanchan Kailash , Zine Kailash U.
Published: April 2024

Bomb blast injuries in India have unfortunately been a recurring and tragic reality, stemming from acts of terrorism and insurgency that have targeted various regions of the country. These incidents have resulted in significant loss of life, severe injuries, and lasting trauma for those affected. The impact of bomb blast injuries in India is not only physical but also psychological, affecting individuals, families, and communities at large.

The injuries sustained in bomb blasts can vary in severity and type, depending on factors such as the type of explosive device used, the location of the blast, and the proximity of individuals to the explosion. Common injuries include shrapnel wounds, burns, fractures, traumatic amputations, and head injuries. The force of the blast can cause extensive damage to internal organs, leading to conditions such as blast lung injury, abdominal trauma, and hearing loss.

The pattern of injuries due to bomb blast on the victims. Identification of the dead body of the deceased victims. To ascertain the distance of the victim from the blast from nature of injuries. Eardrum injuries sustained and mental trauma to live victims. To ascertain the presence of foreign bodies, primary and secondary missiles and there by assisting in investigations.

The present study “The Profile of Bomb Blast Injuries’’ has been carried out in the one of the Major Medical College and Hospital in Maharashtra State. The present study has been carried out during the period of January 2003 to July 2004, During this study total cases studied were sixty nine (69), they are grouped as A & B. A : - 32 cases died due to bomb blast has been meticulously studied. B: - 37 injured persons ( clinical cases) due to bomb blast has been studied in the different wardsof hospital.

In the present work total 69 cases were studied by group A & B i.e group A: 32 cases brought dead in the hospital, while group B:37 cases admitted in the hospital and following conclusion are derived :-

1. Maximum affected persons from group A: deaths as well as from group B : clinical cases injured in bomb blast, were in the age group of 11 to 40 years. 2. Maximum cases from group A (brought dead to the hospital) as well as clinical cases from group B admitted in the hospital are much higher in males as compared to females. 3. The persons died, group A and injured cases (clinical) group B, during bomb blast in present study was mainly belong to Hindu religion as compared to other religions. 4. It was found in the present study that the persons died in bomb blast were mostly the residents of Mumbai city in comparison with those who are residing outside of Mumbai.
Local anesthetic marcaine-bupivacaine hydrochloride and its metabolites in Forensic Samples: A case study
Authors: Gurusamy K. , Cyril A. , Thangadurai S. Sivakasi , Gupta Reeta R.
Published: April 2024

The local anaesthetic bupivacaine and its metabolites such as Desbutyl bupivacaine, 3-hydroxybupivacaine, and 4-hydroxybupivacaine were extracted and found in the forensic sample from postmortem samples such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and postmortem blood. To separate and detect the aforesaid substances in biological matrices, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ATR-FTIR methods were used. When a couple of husband and wife who were riding on the side of road by a motor cycle which was abruptly collided by an unknown motor cycle. The couple were injured, especially in the left leg of the lady was severe pain due to bone fracture. Both were immediately admitted in nearby a Government Hospital for treatment. Anaesthetic was injected to the lady before starting the procedure of surgery. Within a few minutes she suffered pulmonary consequence and the mortality immediately occurred. Due to a therapeutic amount of bupivacaine was given, postmortem samples CSF and blood were received at forensic laboratory and extracted using a liquid-liquid extraction method (LLE). Certain chromatographic techniques and ATR-FTIR method were used to separate and detect bupivacaine and its metabolites in a forensic sample.
Физкультурно-спортивная деятельность Белгородской организации глухих в 70-е годы XX − начале XXI века
Authors: Шашнин Юрий Геннадьевич , Дудка Анна Ивановна , Шаханин Вадим Александрович
Published: April 2024

Рассмотрена деятельность Белгородского отделения общероссийской общественной организации инвалидов «Всероссийское общество глухих» по развитию физкультуры и спорта, активными участниками которой были городские, межрайонные и районные организации. Организаторами работы выступали областное и местные правление организации, актив общества, сложившийся за период существования организации с 1954 года. В основу деятельности были положены указания и рекомендации, содержавшиеся в документах партии и правительства, направлявших и регламентировавших деятельность общественных организаций страны (от решений съездов КПСС до Постановлений правительства об организации физкультурно-спортивной работы с населением). Усилия организаторов физкультурно-спортивной работы дали весьма ощутимые результаты, которые выражались в росте числа глухих спортсменов-разрядников, успешном участии команд белгородских спортсменов в региональных, Всероссийских и даже международных соревнованиях, в массовой сдаче норм комплекса ГТО членами организации, в регулярно проходивших спортивных праздниках и других мероприятиях, участниками которых становились глухие белгородцы разных возрастов. Результат работы способствовал успешной социализации белгородцев, имевших проблемы со слухом, облегчал их трудоустройство и помогал раскрыть и реализовать в раз личных сферах задатки и способности.
Проблемы формирования социальной активности российской молодежи в условиях приграничного региона
Authors: Мозговая Елена Ивановна , Скрекеря Юлия Александровна
Published: April 2024

В статье осуществлена попытка анализа проблемы формирования социальной активности молодежи в условиях проживания в приграничном регионе и обоснована значимость волонтерской (добровольческой) деятельности как одного из наиболее действенных механизмов и фактора развития социальной активности, позволяющего молодому человеку проявить себя, приобрести полезные умения и навыки, реализовывать их в практической деятельности. Установлено, что ситуация социальной неопределенности, характерная для многих приграничных регионов, отрицательно воздействует на социальное самочувствие молодого человека, снижая его социальную активность, и в то же время стимулирует к расширению видов и форм социальной активности молодых людей с учетом новых социокультурных и политических вызовов, стоящих перед современным российским обществом. Проведённое исследование позволило авторам обозначить направления повышения уровня вовлеченности молодых людей в социально значимую деятельность региона и пути формирования социальной активности молодежи. Разработка программных мероприятий по развитию социально значимых качеств личности будет способствовать вхождению активной молодежи в систему гражданских отношений, приобретению умений находить выход из проблемных ситуаций, самостоятельно принимать решения, проявлять инициативу, брать ответственность на себя, тем самым способствуя формированию социально активного поведения и развитию гражданского самосознания.
A training framework for food handlers in the national school nutrition programme in Gauteng province
Authors:   Tshwane University of Technology, Berejena T , Kleynhans IC ,   Tshwane University of Technology
Published: April 2024

The Department of Basic Education (DBE) in South Africa spearheads the National School Nutrition Program (NSNP), which is a holistic endeavour geared towards offering nourishing meals to students enrolled in public schools situated within financially disadvantaged neighborhoods. The selective responsive cluster training framework (SRCTF) aims to enhance skills development and competencies of food handlers, considering professional and ethical aspects. The key output of the NSNP is dependent on the skills competency levels of food handlers. The aim of the study was to develop a SRCTF for the NSNP for food handlers in Gauteng Province. Using mixed methods in the form of a convergent parallel design, the study includes structured questionnaires administered to NSNP food handlers, nutrition teacher coordinators, and school principals. The study identified both professional and ethical competencies as crucial factors for training through varimax rotation of a Likert scale questionnaire with 30 questions. The findings of this study highlight the lack of comprehensive training among NSNP food handlers in Gauteng Province, which is a common issue across South Africa and other countries. Pearson Chi-Square for independence confirms a significant relationship between training and skills competence levels among food handlers. For all food preparation competencies, the p-values were 0.000, indicating a significant relationship between training (independent variable) and competence levels (dependent variable). In response, a Selective Responsive Cluster Training Framework (SRCTF) is proposed specifically for NSNP food handlers in Gauteng Province. The two main competencies of the SRCTF will be the professional and ethical competencies. The main custodian of the NSNP is the DBE which should create a conducive environment for the training of food handlers within the identified clusters. Implementation of this framework would improve the overall performance and effectiveness of the NSNP. The food handlers training could lead to standard setting and certification of the NSNP food handlers on training. Key words: Training framework, Nutrition, Food handler, Competences, Skills development
Utilization of nutrition information on food labels by diabetic mellitus and hypertensive patients attending clinic at Kakamega County Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya
Authors:   Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Mwanzo L , Mutuli L ,   Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Situma J ,   Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology
Published: April 2024

The aim of food labels is to inform consumers on the food content. The information conveyed on food labels has evolved over time thus the objectives of food labelling have become numerous. Despite the recognized association of food labels utilization and disease management, the current global mortality rate from diabetes mellitus and hypertension remains high. In order for the prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus and hypertension to reduce, population-wide interventions including the promotion of healthy diets through the provision of adequate information on food labels should be done. This study aimed at assessing utilization of nutrition information on food labels by diabetic mellitus and hypertensive patients. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in March and April 2022 at Kakamega County Teaching and Referral hospital, Kenya. Data was collected from respondents using a structured questionnaire administered to 125 randomly selected respondents and the response rate was 80%. Socio- demographic characteristics of the study participants were determined using descriptive statistics for distribution. Association between the study variables was determined using Chi-square test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. The analyzed data was presented by use of frequency tables, graphs and pie charts. About 46% of the respondents were aged >60years. About 73% were married and about 40% reported to have completed primary education level. About 39 % were self-employed earning less than Ksh. 5,000 (50 USD) per month. Prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in Kakamega were at 4.6% and 29.4% respectively. Age (p= 0.028), Education (p= 0.001), Job/employment (p=0.0010), Monthly income (p=0.001) and Monthly household food expenditure (p=0.007) significantly influenced utilization of food labels. About 64% (n=64) reported to be knowing what food labels are and about 34% (n=34) reported not knowing what they are. About 46.8% (n=30) of those who reported they read the labels participants reported that they read nutrition information every time they purchased the product, 37.5% (n=24) read the information the first time they purchased the product and 15.7% (n=10) read nutrition information on food labels at other different times. Food prices, nutrition information on the food label, health and nutrition status and fat/sodium/sugar content were among the factors that had a high influence on utilization of food labels. This study recommends nutrition education to the general population on benefits of reading nutrition information on food labels in order to make healthful food choices in order to reduce the prevalence of these chronic diseases. Key words: Food labels, Utilization, Nutrition, Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Kakamega
Water jet vacuum cooling system for improving the quality of multiflora honey from bee (Apis dorsata Fabricus) in Indonesia
Authors:   Brawijaya University, Wibowo SA , Lastriyanto A ,   Brawijaya University, Sumarlan SH ,   Brawijaya University, Susilo B ,   Brawijaya University, Prayogi IY ,   Brawijaya University, Muzaki MA ,   Brawijaya University, Vera VV ,   Brawijaya University, Anam K ,   Brawijaya University
Published: April 2024

Honey has great benefits to humans, both as medicine and food. It contains glucose, fructose and water in addition to small quantities of proteins, minerals, organic acids, and vitamins. Vacuum cooling is a rapid cooling technique based on the principle of evaporation, which lowers the boiling point of water based on the vacuum pressure inside a cooler room. A prototype vacuum-cooling jet water system was used to process the honey. Raw honey obtained from the forests of Riau was used in the present study. This study aimed to determine the effect of jet water vacuum cooling with variations in volume (V/V), capacity (12.5%, 25%, and 50%) on the quality of honey (Apis dorsata Fabricus) to accelerate the cooling process and preserve product quality. The cooling mechanical analysis parameters reviewed included the processing time and the lowest maximum pressure. The parameters of the quality of honey observed included moisture content, viscosity, density and total dissolved solids. As a result, the vacuum cooling process can suppress damage to the quality of honey owing to the heating process. At the cooling time and lowest maximum pressure value, the mechanical aspects of the water jet system vacuum cooling process showed the maximum results. The water contents of 12.5% (V/V), 25% (V/V) and 50% (V/V) filling were 13.69%, 12.89%, and 14.25%, respectively. The viscosities at 12.5% (V/V), 25% (V/V) and 50% (V/V) filling were 2.604 Pa.s, 2.355 Pa.s, and 1.644 Pa.s, respectively. Density with 12.5% (V/V), 25% (V/V) and 50% (V/V) filling were 1.52 g/cm3, 1.53 g/cm3 and 1.50 g/cm3, respectively. Total dissolved solid values of honey with 12.5 % (V/V), 25 % (V/V), and 50 % (V/V) fillings were 78.16%, 78.16% and 77.66%, respectively. Water jet vacuum cooling with a 25% chamber volume capacity accelerates honey with the best total dissolved solids, density and moisture content. Vacuum cooling can be used to improve product quality, shorten handling time, extend product shelf life and improve security. Key words: honey, pressure, vacuum cooling, density, moisture content, viscosity
Feasibility and acceptability of a supplementary food with added fish oil and choline for undernourished pregnant women in Sierra Leone
Authors:   Ministry of Health, Government of Sierra Leone, Koroma AS , Gustafson B ,   Project Peanut Butter, Freetown, Sierra Leone, Kohlen C ,   California Polytechnic University, Moore M ,   Project Peanut Butter, Freetown, Sierra Leone, Ngegbai S ,   Ministry of Health, Government of Sierra Leone, Kleban E ,   Washington University, Wegner DR ,   Washington University, Kidd P ,   Washington University, Stephenson KB ,   Washington University, Li YN ,   The University of Texas at Austin, Brenna JT ,   The University of Texas at Austin, Manary MJ ,   Washington University
Published: April 2024

Maternal ready-to-use supplementary foods (M-RUSF) have been shown to improve birth outcomes among undernourished pregnant women. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and choline have been hypothesized to further improve gestational duration and cognitive development. The primary objective of this study was to determine the acceptability and feasibility of a new formulation of M-RUSF, referred to as M-RUSF+, that included fish oil, containing about 400 to 500 mg DHA and EPA, and 550 mg choline among pregnant women in the Pujehun District of Sierra Leone. Both the control and the experimental supplementary foods contained 18 g of high quality protein and 580 kcal, with generous amounts of all essential micronutrients. The ration size was 100 g/d. Both intervention and control recipes were locally produced using peanut paste by the Project Peanut Butter Factory in Freetown, Sierra Leone. The fish oil was added to the M-RUSF+ after all the grinding had been accomplished to limit degardation. The study used a 2x2 crossover design to assess the acceptability of the M-RUSF and M-RUSF+ formulations. Pregnant women were assigned to one of two sequences of foods: either M-RUSF+ followed by M-RUSF, or M-RUSF followed by M-RUSF+. Each food was given for one week. Fifty-one pregnant women were enrolled (day 0), with data collection occurring on days 3, 7, 10 and 14 after enrollment. At each visit, women returned the packets, either empty or partially consumed. Acceptability was assessed at all follow-up visits based on overall consumption, likeability, and adverse events reported. Consumption of M-RUSF and M-RUSF+ averaged 99%. The likability scores averaged 4.8 and 4.9 out of 5 for M-RUSF and M-RUSF+, respectively. For 85/90 visits during which M-RUSF+ was being consumed and 77/83 visits during which M-RUSF was being consumed, the foods were rated with a likability score of 5. Adverse events, defined as diarrhea, vomiting or rash were infrequent (<7%) and showed no significant differences. These results suggest that both M-RUSF and M-RUSF+ are acceptable and feasible for use among pregnant women in the Pujehun District, Sierra Leone. Key words: Maternal undernutrition, supplementary food, docosahexaennoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), choline
Сytokines as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of microvascular complications of diabetes
Authors: Klimontov V. V. , Mavlianov К. R.
Published: April 2024

Classical knowledge about the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications in recent years has been supplemented by ideas about the role of chronic inflammation. It has been established that inflammatory reactions play a role in the beta cell dysfunction, the formation of insulin resistance and remodeling of the vascular wall. Cytokines, soluble low molecular weight proteins and peptides that perform informational and regulatory functions, play central role in the development of inflammation. A wide range of biological activity and involvement in many aspects of pathogenesis make it possible to consider cytokines as promising molecules for diagnosing and predicting the complications. In this review, we summarize data from studies that assessed the role of cytokines as diagnostic and prognostic markers for the development of microvascular diabetic complications. Current data indicate that angiogenic and pro-inflammatory cytokines (VEGF, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IL-17, MCP-1, IP-10, INF-γ, PEDF, etc.) are promising biomarkers for proliferative diabetic retinopathy, especially when their local production is assessed (in vitreous, aqueous humor and tears). The role of these molecules as biomarkers of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema needs further research. Serum proinflammatory and fibrogenic cytokines (primarily MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-α, YKL-40, TGF-β and bFGF) and cytokine receptors (sTNFR1, sTNFR2) are considered as promising diagnostic and prognostic markers of diabetic kidney disease. Urinary excretion of IL-6 and MCP-1 turned out to be a predictor of the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Multi-bead assay and mass spectrometry make it possible to study cytokine panels in small samples of biological material. Combined biomarkers, including several cytokines, may increase the reliability of the prognosis of diabetic complications.
Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract in overweight and obese children
Authors: Menshchikova V. Е. , Kartseva Т. V. , Eliseeva D. V. , Ryabichenko Т. I. , Obukhova О. О. , Zalavina S. V.
Published: April 2024

Obesity and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are widespread among the children and have common developmental mechanisms. The article provides a literature review on the relationships between certain pathological conditions of the digestive system (gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastritis, functional intestinal disorders, Crohn’s disease, diverticular disease) in children with overweight and obesity. Excess body weight and obesity can become risk factors for the development of gastrointestinal pathology. The data available in modern literature on changes in the composition of the intestinal and stomach microbiocenosis with increasing body weight are summarized (changes in enterotype, increase in the Firmicutеs/Bacteroides ratio, increase in the number of bacteria Methanobrevibacter, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus reuteri). The strains of bacteria that contribute to the anorexigenic effect are considered: Lactobacillus gasseri, some strains of Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces, Streptococcus and Enterococcus. The pathogenetic aspects of obesity and overweight caused by microbiota are presented: activation of lipid synthesis, breakdown of polysaccharides, absorption of mono- and disaccharides, development of metabolic endotoxemia, etc. Features of the functioning of the autonomic nervous system in obesity in children are presented, indicating the predominance of the hypersympathicotonic variant of autonomic reactivity.
Pre-clinical evaluation of effectiveness of infusion solutions with different osmolarity during acute blood loss in experiments on rats
Authors: Shperling I. А. , Krupin А. V. , Arokina N. K. , Rogov О. А.
Published: April 2024

The aim of the research was to experimentally evaluate the effectiveness of infusion solutions with different osmolarity during acute blood loss in experiments on rats. Material and methods. Experiments approved by the local Ethics Committee, have been done on 30 male rats line Vistar (320 ± 35 g). Design of the research included anesthesia, simulation of acute blood loss to 50 % of circulating blood volume, its replenishment with experimental infusion solutions based on polyglycan derivatives (estimated osmolarity 1026.6, 1784.2, 2566.6 mOsm/l), research of survivability, functional state of cardiovascular and respiratory systems, blood acid-base status and gas partial pressure 5, 30, 60, 120, 180 min after the beginning of replenishment of circulating blood volume. The infusion solution Hemostabil was used as a comparison product. Results. The highest survival rate, restoration of hemodynamics and acid-base state and blood acid-base status and gas partial pressure were obtained as a result of infusion of solution with osmolarity 1026.6 mOsm/l. In this group of animals survivability accounted for 100 %, arterial pressure restored in 5 minutes after the start of infusion, indicators of blood acid-base status and gas partial pressure normalized in 120 min of experiment. All of the results had statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) relative to values in other experimental groups. Conclusions. Sample of solution with osmolarity 1026.6 mOsm/l is the most effective in restoration of hemodynamics of rats with the blood loss up to 50 % of circulating blood volume. The expediency of the researches of safety of this infusion solution based on polyglucan derivatives in the capacity of medication for replenishment acute blood loss is substantiated.