bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protein Conjugation via SpyStapler‐Mediated SpyTag/BDTag Coupling
Authors: Da Xiao‐Di , Wu Xia‐Ling , Liu Yajie , Zhang Wen‐Bin
Published: April 2021

Genetically encoded peptide‐protein coupling reactions, such as the SpyTag/SpyCatcher chemistry, are recent additions to the expanding toolbox of protein bioconjugation. The alternative three‐component ligation system, e.g., SpyStapler‐mediated SpyTag/BDTag coupling, retains most advantages of the Tag/Catcher chemistry, yet requires only two short peptide tags in the genetic fusion for side‐chain ligation. Not only does this facilitate the construction of large protein conjugates directly from as‐expressed protein components with minimal disruption to their function, but it also provides an entirely new mode of bioconjugation via mechanical bonding, which could impart additional functional benefits such as improved activity and enhanced stability to the conjugate. Such features are attractive for improving the pharmacokinetic performance of protein therapeutics. Herein we describe protocols for SpyStapler‐mediated SpyTag/BDTag coupling for protein bioconjugation. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Conjugation via isopeptide bond

Support Protocol: Purification by size‐exclusion chromatography

Basic Protocol 2: Conjugation via mechanical bond
Grass bud responses to fire in a semiarid savanna system
Authors: Hiers Quinn A. , Treadwell Morgan L. , Dickinson Matthew B. , Kavanagh Kathleen L. , Lodge Alexandra G. , Starns Heath D. , Tolleson Doug R. , Twidwell Dirac , Wonkka Carissa L. , Rogers William E.
Published: April 2021

Increasingly, land managers have attempted to use extreme prescribed fire as a method to address woody plant encroachment in savanna ecosystems. The effect that these fires have on herbaceous vegetation is poorly understood. We experimentally examined immediate (<24 hr) bud response of two dominant graminoids, a C3 caespitose grass, Nassella leucotricha, and a C4 stoloniferous grass, Hilaria belangeri, following fires of varying energy (J/m2) in a semiarid savanna in the Edwards Plateau ecoregion of Texas. Treatments included high‐ and low‐energy fires determined by contrasting fuel loading and a no burn (control) treatment. Belowground axillary buds were counted and their activities classified to determine immediate effects of fire energy on bud activity, dormancy, and mortality. High‐energy burns resulted in immediate mortality of N. leucotricha and H. belangeri buds (p < .05). Active buds decreased following high‐energy and low‐energy burns for both species (p < .05). In contrast, bud activity, dormancy, and mortality remained constant in the control. In the high‐energy treatment, 100% (n = 24) of N. leucotricha individuals resprouted while only 25% (n = 24) of H. belangeri individuals resprouted (p < .0001) 3 weeks following treatment application. Bud depths differed between species and may account for this divergence, with average bud depths for N. leucotricha 1.3 cm deeper than H. belangeri (p < .0001).

Synthesis and applications: Our results suggest that fire energy directly affects bud activity and mortality through soil heating for these two species. It is imperative to understand how fire energy impacts the bud banks of grasses to better predict grass response to increased use of extreme prescribed fire in land management.
Solving the fourth‐corner problem: forecasting ecosystem primary production from spatial multispecies trait‐based models
Authors: Sarker Swapan Kumar , Reeve Richard , Matthiopoulos Jason
Published: April 2021

Forecasting productivity and stress across an ecosystem is complicated by the multiple interactions between competing species, the unknown levels of intra‐ and interspecific trait plasticity, and the dependencies between those traits within individuals. Integrating these features into a trait‐based quantitative framework requires a conceptual and quantitative synthesis of how multiple species and their functional traits interact and respond to changing environments, a challenge known in community ecology as the “fourth‐corner problem.” We propose such a novel synthesis, implemented as an integrated Bayesian hierarchical model. This allows us to (1) simultaneously model trait–trait and trait–environment relationships by explicitly accounting for both intra‐ and interspecific trait variabilities in a single analysis using all available data types, (2) quantify the strength of the trait–environment relationships, (3) identify trade‐offs between multiple traits in multiple species, and (4) faithfully propagate our modeling uncertainties when making species‐specific and community‐wide trait predictions, reducing false confidence in our spatial prediction results. We apply this integrated approach to the world’s largest mangrove forest, the Sundarbans, a sentinel ecosystem impacted simultaneously by both climate change and multiple types of human exploitation. The Sundarbans presents extensive variability in environmental variables, such as salinity and siltation, driven by changing seawater levels from the south and freshwater damming from the north. We find that tree species growing under stress have a typical functional response to the environmental drivers with inter‐specific variability around this average, and the amount of variability is further contingent upon the nature and magnitude of the environmental drivers. Our model captures the retreat in traits related to resource acquisition and a plastic enhancement of traits related to resource conservation, both clear indications of stress. We predict that, if historical increases in salinity and siltation are maintained, one‐third of whole‐ecosystem productivity will be lost by 2050. Our integrated modeling approach bridges community and ecosystem ecology through simultaneously modeling trait–environment correlations and trait–trait trade‐offs at organismal, community, and ecosystem levels; provides a generalizable foundation for powerful modeling of trait‐environment linkages under changing environments to predict their consequences on ecosystem functioning and services; and is readily applicable across the Earth’s ecosystems.
Selective Synthesis of 5‐Alkylated and 5‐Alkenylated Chromones via Catalytic C‐H Coupling of Chromones with Allyl Alcohols
Authors: Du Ya‐Zhen , Wang Yu‐Jiao , Zhao Qing‐Yang , Zhao Li‐Ming
Published: April 2021

Herein, we describe two types of C5 functionalization reactions of chromones with allyl alcohols. Diverse 5‐substituted chromones can be produced by modulating the catalysts in these reactions: Rh(III) results in the formation of 5‐alkylated chromones, and Ru(II) furnishes 5‐alkenylated products. We also achieve further functionalizations of these 5‐substituted chromones, which demonstrates the superiority of this method. Notable features of these new methods include readily available precursors, tunable reactivity, exclusive C5‐selectivity, and easy derivatization of products.
Total Synthesis of the Fungal Metabolite Trienylfuranol A through Nucleophilic Diastereodivergent Additions to Oxocarbenium Ions
Authors: Arcile Guillaume , Retailleau Pascal , Ouazzani Jamal , Betzer Jean‐Francois
Published: April 2021

Herein, we describe the first total synthesis of trienylfuranol A, a fungal triene‐substituted tetrahydrofuran metabolite. The stereoselectivity of the chiral center bearing the trienyl side chain was diastereodivergently controlled by the addition of nucleophilic species on substituted γ‐butyrolactone. Remarkably, theC‐nucleophilic species or hydride addition onto oxocarbenium intermediate leads to the opposite diastereoselectivity reported for Kishi or Woerpel models. The use of Hantzsch ester (HEH) as organic hydride donor has enabled us to obtain the desired stereochemistry. The total synthesis of trienylfuranol A was achieved in 8 steps from acetaldehyde and pyruvic acid.
Juxtaglomerular cell tumor diagnosed preoperatively by renal tumor biopsy
Authors: Ueda Takashi , Morinaga Yukiko , Inoue Kai , Hirano Sojiro , Matsubara Hiroki , Hongo Fumiya
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Diagnosis of small renal tumor from imaging analysis is limited. We report a case of juxtaglomerular cell tumor diagnosed preoperatively by renal tumor biopsy.

Case presentation

A 17‐year‐old male was urgently hospitalized for acute‐onset congestive heart failure. Radiographic findings revealed a 2‐cm mass lesion, and on renal biopsy, a juxtaglomerular cell tumor was suspected. The juxtaglomerular cell tumor was resected by laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, on suspicion of causing the heart failure. The patient’s clinical symptoms improved drastically postoperatively.

Conclusion

Biopsy may be a promising option for preoperative diagnosis of juxtaglomerular cell tumors.
Dual response of osteoblast activity and antibacterial properties of polarized strontium substituted hydroxyapatite—Barium strontium titanate composites with controlled strontium substitution
Authors: Swain Subhasmita , Bowen Chris , Rautray Tapash
Published: April 2021

To mimic the electrical properties of natural bone, controlled strontium substitution of both hydroxyapatite and ferroelectric barium titanate were achieved by mixing in the ratio 30:70 by weight. The composites were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy to investigate the phase composition and microstructure of the composites. Unpolarized and polarized strontium hydroxyapatite (SrHA)‐barium strontium titanate (BST) composites with controlled degree of Sr substitution were examined, including 5SrHA‐5BST (5% Sr substitution in both components) and 10SrHA‐10BST composites. The 10SrHA‐10BST composite showed a higher osteoblast activity, as observed from the cell viability studies performed using CCK‐8 assay. The polarized composites showed promise against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria by minimizing the adhesion and growth of bacteria, as compared with their unpolarized counterparts. The polarized 10SrHA‐10BST was found to be superior than all other composites. As a result, the approach of polarization of SrHA‐BST composites has been found to be an effective bone substitute material in controlled enhancement of osteoblast growth with simultaneous reduction of bacterial infection.
Acknowledging Intersectional Identity in Supervision: The Multicultural Integrated Supervision Model
Authors: Mitchell Michelle D. , Butler S. Kent
Published: April 2021

Supervision is considered a critical component in the development of mental health professionals. Thus, to ensure ethical services are provided to clients, supervisors should integrate multicultural perspectives within supervision. Multicultural and social justice principles, although present in the literature, have not been successfully incorporated into previous process and developmental models as viable enhancers to practitioner growth. The multicultural integrated supervision model presented in this article provides supervisees, supervisors, and counselor educators with methods that elicit deeper appreciation for culturally appropriate relationships and interactions.

La supervisión se considera un componente crítico de la capacitación de profesionales en la salud mental. Por lo tanto, para garantizar que se proporcionan servicios éticos a los clientes, los supervisores deberían integrar perspectivas multiculturales en la supervisión. Los principios multiculturales y de justicia social, aunque se encuentran en la literatura, no se han incorporado con éxito en los modelos anteriores de procesos y desarrollo como potenciadores viables del crecimiento profesional de los consejeros. El modelo de supervisión multicultural integrada que se presenta en este artículo proporciona a los supervisados, supervisores y educadores de consejeros unos métodos que suscitan una apreciación más profunda por las relaciones e interacciones culturalmente apropiadas.
Change in the local impedance and electrograms recorded by a micro‐electrode tip catheter during initial atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Hashimoto Kenji , Tsuzuki Ippei , Seki Yuta , Ibe Susumu , Yamashita Terumasa , Miyama Hiroshi , Fujisawa Taishi , Katsumata Yoshinori , Kimura Takehiro , Fukuda Keiichi , Takatsuki Seiji
Published: April 2021

Background

A novel measurement of the local impedance (LI) and electrograms recorded from micro‐electrodes on catheter tip has been developed. However, the data during pulmonary vein (PV) ablation is not sufficient. We aimed to investigate the utility of this measurement during initial atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation.

Methods

We investigated 111 representative radiofrequency applications in 7 AF patients without a history of prior ablation (6 males, age 68 [65‐72] years, 2 persistent AF). The ablation strategy was PV isolation for paroxysmal AF and single ring box isolation for persistent AF, using MiFi catheter. The correlation of the generator impedance (GI) drop and LI drop after radiofrequency applications and the predictive value of the initial LI elevation before radiofrequency applications for LI drop were analyzed. Also, the LI and GI drop were investigated according to the location of RF applications.

Results

The LI drop was higher than GI drop (23.7 [16.4‐35.7] and 9.0 [6.0‐12.0]; P < .01). There were correlations between the initial LI elevation and LI drop (R2 = 0.466, P < .01) and between the LI and GI drop (R2 = 0.263, P < .01). The LI drops significantly differed according to the different anatomical localizations by the Kruskal–Wallis test, although the GI drops did not differ (P < .01 and P = .49, respectively)

Conclusion

LI drop was associated with initial LI elevation and was larger than GI drop. LI drop was different according to locations, although GI drop was not. These findings might indicate that LI drop would be a more sensitive marker for lesion formation than GI drop.
Detection and verification of tropical cyclones and depressions over the South Pacific Ocean basin usingERA‐5 reanalysis dataset
Authors: Yeasmin Alea , Chand Savin , Turville Christopher , Sultanova Nargiz
Published: April 2021

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are one of the most destructive synoptic systems and can cause enormous loss of life and property damages in the South Pacific island nations. The impact of tropical depressions (TDs, i.e. weaker systems that do not develop into TCs) can also be staggering in the region in terms of heavy flooding and landslides, but a lack of complete records often hinders research involving TD impacts. A methodology has been developed here to detect TDs in the ERA‐5 reanalysis dataset (the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate) using the Okubo–Weiss–Zeta parameter (OWZP) detection scheme. The new South Pacific Enhanced Archive for Tropical Cyclones dataset (SPEArTC), the Dvorak analysis of satellite‐based cloud patterns over the South Pacific Ocean basin, and a rainfall dataset for various stations and historical archives have been utilized to validate ERA5‐derived TCs and TDs for the period between 1979 and 2019. Results indicate that the OWZP method shows substantial skill in capturing the realistic climatological distribution of TDs (as well as TCs) for the South Pacific Ocean in the ERA5 reanalysis, paving a way forward for future climatological studies involving the impacts of TCs and TDs over the island nations using longer‐term reanalyses products such as the 20th‐century reanalysis dataset that extends back to the 1850s.
The impact of perceived ethical climate types on workplace deviance: An empirical investigation of IT professionals in India
Authors: Ramadugu Hiranmayakaparthi , Rastogi Renu
Published: April 2021

The costs of deviant behavior in the workplace can go far beyond direct financial losses, and may result in lost business opportunities, damage to the brand, and the loss of market position. However, there has been little research into the influence of ethical climate types on workplace deviance. India's IT industry now makes a substantial contribution to the country's GDP, exports, and employment; hence, the goal of this study is to explore the impact of perceived ethical climate types on workplace deviance in the Indian IT industry. Using data from a survey of 158 IT professionals working in Hyderabad, India, the study presents an analysis of workplace deviance using four ethical climate types, principled, benevolent, efficiency oriented, and profit oriented. The study shows that principled and benevolent climate types have a significant negative association with workplace deviance, while efficiency and profit‐oriented climate types have a significant positive association. The results support the idea that perceived ethical climate types can be leveraged to help contain the threat of deviant behavior in the workplace.
Research on Industry 4.0 and on key related technologies in Vietnam: A bibliometric analysis using Scopus
Authors: Pham‐Duc Binh , Tran Trung , Le Hien‐Thu‐Thi , Nguyen Nhi‐Thi , Cao Ha‐Thi , Nguyen Tien‐Trung
Published: April 2021

Bibliometric analysis was performed to study the development of publications related to Industry 4.0 and its key technologies in Vietnam. Comparisons with data from other ASEAN countries, and with global data have been done to identify distinctive characteristics of Industry 4.0 literature from Vietnam. The collection of 1,470 retrieved papers was analysed to answer seven research questions. Our results highlighted some valuable insights of Industry 4.0 literature in Vietnam. The number of papers in Industry 4.0 in Vietnam increased rapidly in recent years, mostly focused on Computer Science, Engineering, and Mathematics. Iran, China, and South Korea were the most productive partner countries with Vietnam in Industry 4.0. Machine learning, artificial intelligence, big data, deep learning, Internet of things, neural networks, and data mining were among the most popular research themes in Industry 4.0 in Vietnam. Vietnam ranked third among 10 Southeast Asian countries, based on the number of published papers in Industry 4.0, but the gap with the two top countries was large. Compared to the global data, the annual growth rate of Industry 4.0 papers in Vietnam, and other Southeast Asian countries was lower. Findings from this work can be helpful for other scholars in establishing potential future research lines related to Industry 4.0 in Vietnam.
The importance of jellyfish–microbe interactions for biogeochemical cycles in the ocean
Authors: Tinta Tinkara , Klun Katja , Herndl Gerhard J.
Published: April 2021

Jellyfish blooms can represent a significant but largely overlooked source of organic matter (OM), in particular at the local and regional scale. We provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on the bloom‐forming jellyfish as sink and source of OM for microorganisms. In particularly, we compare the composition, concentration, and release rates of the OM excreted by living jellyfish with the OM stored within jellyfish biomass, which becomes available to the ocean's interior only once jellyfish decay. We discuss how these two stoichiometrically different jelly‐OM pools might influence the dynamics of microbial community and the surrounding ecosystem. We conceptualize routes of jelly‐OM in the ocean, focusing on different envisioned fates of detrital jelly‐OM. In this conceptual framework, we revise possible interactions between different jelly‐OM pools and microbes and highlight major knowledge gaps to be addressed in the future.
The impact of seasonal sulfate–methane transition zones on methane cycling in a sulfate‐enriched freshwater environment
Authors: Kleint Jan F. , Wellach Yannic , Schroll Moritz , Keppler Frank , Isenbeck‐Schröter Margot
Published: April 2021

Lake Willersinnweiher located in south‐western Germany is a small eutrophic gravel pit lake fed by sulfate‐enriched groundwater. The aim of this study was to investigate the total methane (CH4) mass balance of Lake Willersinnweiher with a particular focus on the interaction of carbon and sulfur cycling within the lake sediments and the redoxcline of the water column. Our results show that Lake Willersinnweiher permanently releases CH4 to the atmosphere throughout the whole year 2018 at rates ranging from 5 to 120 mol d−1. Sediment data show the presence of intense anaerobic oxidation of CH4 in the upper sediment layers during early summer. Here, CH4 is most likely consumed via sulfate in sulfate–methane transition zones (SMTZs) that have been observed for a few specific freshwater environments only. Seasonal dynamics in biogeochemical processes trigger the non‐steady state conditions within the sediments and the CH4 consumption in the SMTZs. In parallel, CH4 released from the sediments is completely consumed by aerobic oxidation processes in the redoxcline indicated by minimum CH4 concentrations with high δ13C–CH4 values. This zone acts as an effective barrier, minimizing CH4 release into the surface water and the atmosphere and thus CH4 oversaturation along with near‐atmospheric isotopic composition indicate the presence of an additional CH4 source in the epilimnion of Lake Willersinnweiher.
Validation of α‐Synuclein in L1CAM‐Immunocaptured Exosomes as a Biomarker for the Stratification of Parkinsonian Syndromes
Authors: Jiang Cheng , Hopfner Franziska , Berg Daniela , Hu Michele T. , Pilotto Andrea , Borroni Barbara , Davis Jason J. , Tofaris George K.
Published: April 2021

Background

Parkinson's disease is characterized by intraneuronal α‐synuclein aggregation. Currently there is no α‐synuclein‐based blood test in clinical practice.

Objectives

Our aim was to assess by means of further testing and analysis whether α‐synuclein measurements in serum L1CAM‐immunocaptured exosomes can differentiate Parkinson's disease from related movement disorders.

Methods

We used poly(carboxybetaine‐methacrylate)‐coated magnetic beads to isolate L1CAM‐positive exosomes and triplexed electrochemiluminescence to measure exosomal α‐synuclein, clusterin, and syntenin‐1 from 267 serum samples. Combined analysis of our current and previously published data from the Oxford, Kiel, Brescia, and PROSPECT cohorts consisting of individuals (total n = 735) with Parkinson's disease (n = 290), multiple system atrophy (MSA, n = 50), progressive supranuclear palsy (n = 116), corticobasal syndrome (n = 88), and healthy controls (n = 191) was done using 2‐stage (training vs validation) receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Results

We established that α‐synuclein level in L1CAM‐immunocaptured exosomes above 14 pg/mL is a robust biomarker across cohorts that distinguishes Parkinson's disease from MSA (AUC, 0.90 vs 0.98) or 4‐repeat tauopathies (AUC, 0.93 vs 0.94). We confirmed that exosomal clusterin is elevated in subjects with 4‐repeat tauopathy, and when combined with α‐synuclein, it improved the performance of the assay in differentiating Parkinson's disease from 4‐repeat tauopathies to AUC, 0.98 versus 0.99. Correction for the generic exosomal protein syntenin‐1 did not consistently improve the performance of the assay.

Conclusions

α‐Synuclein and clusterin in L1CAM‐immunocaptured serum exosomes is a validated blood test for the molecular stratification of neuronal α‐synucleinopathy (ie, Lewy body pathology) versus phenotypically related neurodegenerative movement disorders. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Decoupling convolution network for characterizing the metastatic lymph nodes of breast cancer patients
Authors: Zeng Rutong , Zhang Xiang , Zheng Chushan , Du Jin‐Hong , Gao Zixiong , Jun Wei , Shen Jun , Lu Yao
Published: April 2021

Purpose

The dual‐energy computed tomography (DECT) technique is an emerging imaging tool that can better characterize material features and has the potential to be a noninvasive means of predicting lymph node metastasis. The purpose of this study was to establish a DECT‐specified quantitative approach based on a neural network to characterize the sentinel lymph node (SLN).

Methods

With IRB approval, we retrospectively collected a total of 229 patients (100/229 metastasis) with biopsy proven breast cancer in this study. The chest and axillary spectral CT examinations were performed prior to the axillary lymph node (ALN) surgery. A decoupling convolution network with 11 ROIs from sequential keV (40 to 140 keV with 10 keV increment) was proposed to explicitly extract the spectral and spatial features in a DECT to predict the lymph node status. Focal loss was introduced as the loss function. The metric of the slope of the spectral Hounsfield unit curve measured at the venous phase was used as the baseline approach in comparison to our approach. In additional, a logistic model with radiomic features was also compared to our approach. The area under ROC curve (AUC) was used as the figure of merit to evaluate the classification performance.

Results

By introducing spectral convolution and focal loss, AUC on test set could be improved by 0.15 and 0.01 separately. Compared to the slope of the spectral curve with the average AUC of 0.611 and radiomic model with AUC of 0.825, the proposed approach demonstrates a considerably better performance, with test set AUC value of 0.837, by using decoupling spectral and spatial convolution together with focal loss function.

Conclusions

We presented a new decoupling neural network based quantification method for DECT analysis, which might have potential as a noninvasive tool to predict metastasis lymph node status for breast cancer in clinical practice.
Project Planning, Best Practices Ensure AMI Implementation Success
Authors: Mitchell Joey
Published: April 2021

A successful AMI deployment requires smart planning, a hard look at the required products and services, and a deployment strategy that maximizes the project's benefits.
Denver Water Optimizes Filter Valve Flow Control
Authors: Warwick Jason , Rux Whitney
Published: April 2021

Filter flow smoothing helps Colorado's largest potable water treatment plant stabilize total filter effluent rate and improve finished water pH adjustment to meet stringent corrosion‐control goals.
Design of a vane mixer with controlled extensional/shear strength ratio and its application for carbon fiber/polyamide 6 composites
Authors: Yin Xiaochun , Luo Jihong , Feng Yanhong , He Guangjian
Published: April 2021

In this work, a novel melt mixing method and its corresponding mixing device are developed. The extensional/shear strength ratio of the device can be controlled by adjusting its eccentricity. The structure and working principle of the device are introduced in detail. Carbon fiber (CF)/polyamide 6 (PA6) composites are prepared via this novel mixing device. The influences of eccentricity and mixing time on the morphology, CF length, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of CF/PA6 composites are studied. Scanning electron microscopy results show that CFs uniformly disperse in the matrix and interfacial adhesion between CFs and PA6 is improved. It is observed that CF length and its distributions can be optimized by changing eccentricity. The maximum average fiber length is about 351 μm. Differential scanning calorimetry results exhibit that the Xc increases 6.5% when eccentricity is 2 mm. Mechanical test results show tensile strength and modulus increase first and then decrease with the increasing eccentricities or mixing time. Electrical property measurement shows an obvious increase when eccentricity is 2 mm due to good fiber dispersion and long fiber retention length. The experimental results indicate that the novel mixing method and its corresponding apparatus provide an environment‐friendly and effective way to prepare polymer‐based composites.
Noisy Effect on Nonlinear Quantum Search Algorithm
Authors: Tchapet Njafa Jean‐Pierre , Nana Engo Serge Guy
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we investigate the effects of three single‐qubit quantum noise channels on the quantum nonlinear search algorithm proposed by Abrams and Lloyd. We focus on the gates of the nonlinear part of the algorithm and consider the case where the quantum noise channel only affects the qubit on which the gate is proceeding. Assuming that quantum noise effects occur after using the gates of the nonlinear part of the algorithm, we find that the quantum nonlinear search algorithm appears to be very resilient to the quantum noise when the desired state does not exist in the first register and is subject to the phase damping channel or the depolarising channel.
Interference management via cooperative beam biasing and power control for mmWave satellite clusters
Authors: Zhang Shanghong , Cui Gaofeng , Li Pengxu , Wang Weidong
Published: April 2021

In order to tackle the problem of spectrum scarcity, spectrum sharing among satellite communication systems becomes a common phenomenon. Due to the spectrum sharing, mmWave satellite cluster, which is considered as a prominent part of the space information networks, may suffer severe mutual interference among inter‐satellite data links. In this paper, we firstly conduct the interference analysis for satellite clusters. Then, we formulate the interference problem as a constrained optimization problem in the performance metric of the total achievable data rate. To alleviate the interference between satellite clusters, a particle swarm optimization (PSO)‐based cooperative beam biasing and power control scheme (CBP‐PSO) from the perspectives of the joint beam domain and power domain is proposed. And the interference management problem is transformed to find the best combination of the boresight direction and transmission power based on the improved PSO algorithm. Specially, in the interference analysis and proposed scheme, different satellite cluster formations and antenna configurations are taken into account. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed CBP‐PSO scheme based on cooperative beam biasing and power control can effectively improve the achievable data rate of the interfered data links, even for the severe in‐line interference.
Treatment of Chronic Diabetic Foot Ulcers with Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cell Injections: Safety and Evidence of Efficacy at 1 Year
Authors: Carstens Michael H. , Quintana Francisco J. , Calderwood Santos T. , Sevilla Juan P. , Ríos Arlen B. , Rivera Carlos M. , Calero Dorian W. , Zelaya María L. , Garcia Nelson , Bertram Kenneth A. , Rigdon Joseph , Dos-Anjos Severiano , Correa Diego
Published: April 2021

Diabetes affects multiple systems in complex manners. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a result of diabetes-induced microarterial vessel disease and peripheral neuropathy. The presence of arteriosclerosis-induced macroarterial disease can further complicate DFU pathophysiology. Recent studies suggest that mesenchymal stromal cell therapies can enhance tissue regeneration. This phase I study was designed to determine the safety and explore the efficacy of local injections of autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells to treat nonhealing DFUs greater than 3 cm in diameter. Sixty-three patients with type 2 diabetes with chronic DFU—all amputation candidates—were treated with 30 × 106 SVF cells injected in the ulcer bed and periphery and along the pedal arteries. Patients were seen at 6 and 12 months to evaluate ulcer closure. Doppler ultrasounds were performed in a subset of subjects to determine vascular structural parameters. No intervention-related serious adverse events were reported. At 6 months, 51 subjects had 100% DFU closure, and 8 subjects had ≥75% closure. Three subjects had early amputations, and one subject died. At 12 months, 50 subjects had 100% DFU healing and 4 subjects had ≥85% healing. Five subjects died between the 6- and 12-month follow-up visits. No deaths were intervention related. Doppler studies in 11 subjects revealed increases in peak systolic velocity and pulsatility index in 33 of 33 arteries, consistent with enhanced distal arterial runoff. These results indicate that SVF can be safely used to treat chronic DFU, with evidence of efficacy (wound healing) and mechanisms of action that include vascular repair and/or angiogenesis.
Copper (I) Catalyzed Homo‐ and Heterocoupling of Mono and Disaccharide Deoxy Sugar Based Terminal Alkynes to Synthesize Mimic Glycoconjugates
Authors: Thakur Kratima , Khare Naveen K.
Published: April 2021

In this communication, we have reported a productive and cost‐effective catalytic system containing copper (I) iodide (CuI) and 4‐dimethyl aminopyridine (DMAP), used for the first time in homo‐ and heterocoupling of stereoselective α‐2‐deoxy monosaccharide propargyl glycosides and α‐2‐deoxy disaccharide propargyl glycosides respectively in acetonitrile (MeCN) afforded the mimic oligosaccharide based conjugated 1,3‐diyne derivatives upto 96 % yield under aerobic condition at room temperature. The results proved that the symmetrical homo coupling are exclusively favoured following the Glaser‐Hay reaction and on other hand we have successfully synthesized the unsymmetrical heterocoupled deoxy sugar based mimic oligosaccharide products in good to excellent yield. This reaction involved mild conditions, a wide substrate scope, and excellent functional group compatibility as well as less reaction time. In this article, a library of nine novel stereoselective deoxy sugar derived symmetrical and unsymmetrical coupled products have been synthesized and structures were determined by the 1H, 13C & 2D NMR spectroscopy.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 5‐Phenyl‐5‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiols as an Anticancer Agent
Authors: Patel Krupa R. , Brahmbhatt Jpan G. , Pandya Pranav A. , Bhadresha Kinjal , Daraji Drashti G. , Patel Hitesh D. , Rawal Rakesh M. , Baran Sujit K. , Jayanthi Sivaraman
Published: April 2021

Tumor suppressor protein p53 is one of the most appealing targets for targeted anticancer therapy, due to its significant role in cancer prevention and abundant mutation in human cancers. A novel series of 4‐phenyl‐5‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiols having ability to liberate p53 function by interrupting p53‐MDM2 interaction were successfully discovered by structure‐based designing approach and the principle of bioisosterism. In silico modules predicted that these small molecule inhibitors comprising 1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiol scaffold have draggability and ability to mimic critical binding residues of p53. To verify this hypothesis, we have synthesized and evaluated all designed compounds for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against A549, U87 and HL60 cell lines. Fourteen out of fifteen compounds exhibited good in vitro inhibitory activity in lower micromolar values. Particularly, compound F10 possessed excellent antitumor activity with IC50 values 1.029, 5.193 and 9.292 μM against three tested cell lines. IC50 value of potent analogous F10 in A549 cells decreases to 0.908 and 0.816 μM after 48 and 72 hours of incubation, respectively. Compound F10 represents a novel and promising lead structure for the development of antitumor agents as MDM2‐p53 interaction disruptors.
Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Reduced Graphene and SnO2 Nanospheres Composite Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries and Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Xinxin , Cai Ruizheng , Liu Penggao , Liu Weifang , Liu Kaiyu
Published: April 2021

SnO2 has been considered a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) owing to the high capacity, and environmental friendliness. In this study, a mixture of reduced graphene oxide and SnO2 nanospheres (SnO2 NPs) was prepared via a simple method in the solution of graphene oxide (GO), Vitamin C and SnO2. Vitamin C plays an important role in reducing graphene oxide. In addition, graphene can alleviate volume changes of SnO2 as host and induce effective charge transfer through its interconnected network structure. As a consequence, the SnO2 NPs/rGO‐1composite exhibits excellent reversible capacity and cycling stability (400 mA h g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 after 100 cycles for LIBs and 212 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 100 cycles for SIBs). The simple, economical, and environmentally friendly synthetic route will be of great significance to the design of anode materials for LIBs and SIBs in the future.
1D Mixed‐Stack Cocrystals Based on Perylene Diimide toward Ambipolar Charge Transport
Authors: Yu Panpan , Li Yang , Zhao Huijuan , Zhu Lingyun , Wang Yongshuai , Xu Wei , Zhen Yonggang , Wang Xinran , Dong Huanli , Zhu Daoben , Hu Wenping
Published: April 2021

There is very limited repertoire of organic ambipolar semiconductors to date. Electron donor–acceptor alternative stacking is a unique and important binary motif for 1D mixed‐stack cocrystals, opening up possibilities for the development of organic ambipolar semiconductors. Herein, four 1D mixed‐stack cocrystals using N,N′‐bis(perfluorobutyl)‐1,7‐dicyanoperylene‐3,4:9,10‐bis(dicarboximide) (PDICNF) as the acceptor and anthracene, pyrene, perylene, and meso‐diphenyl tetrathia[22]annulene[2,1,2,1] (DPTTA) as the donors are achieved in a stoichiometric ratio (D:A = 1:1) through solution or vapor processed methods. Their packing structures, energy levels, charge transfer interactions, coassembling behaviors, and molecular orientations are systematically investigated by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis, absorption spectra, fluorescence quenching, Job's curve plot, and polarized photoluminescence measurements with the help of theoretical calculations. The donor–acceptor alternative stacking direction coincides with the long axis for all the four cocrystals. The field‐effect transistors based on Pyrene‐PDICNF show the electron mobility up to 0.19 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is the highest value among perylene diimide‐based cocrystals. Moreover, DPTTA‐PDICNF cocrystals possess well‐balanced electron and hole mobility with 1.7 × 10−2 and 2.0 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 respectively due to both hole and electron strong superexchange interactions, shedding light on the design of 1D mixed‐stack cocrystals with excellent ambipolar transport behaviors.
Polysystemic autoimmune disease in a Cocker Spaniel with neurological and cardiac manifestations
Authors: Butler Thomas , Hall Harriet , McCallum Katie
Published: April 2021

A 6‐year‐old female‐neutered Cocker Spaniel was presented for investigation of a 3‐week history of persistent pyrexia, lethargy, thoracic spinal pain and anorexia. Bloodwork documented marked elevation in C‐reactive protein (CRP) 103.5 mg/L (0‐8.2 mg/L) and haematological changes consistent with marked systemic inflammation. Investigations confirmed non‐erosive immune‐mediated polyarthritis, sterile neutrophilic pericarditis, non‐degenerate neutrophilic inflammation within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) consistent with neutrophilic pleocytosis, a small volume pleural effusion, elevated cardiac troponin and proteinuria. Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) was considered despite a borderline anti‐nuclear antibody titre (1:40). Following initiation of immunosuppressive therapy (2 mg/kg prednisolone q 24 hrs), the patient had rapid resolution of clinical signs with normalisation of proteinuria, CRP and pericardial effusion after 1 month of treatment. This case represents an interesting presentation of polysystemic autoimmune disease in the dog.
Solvent dependent C−H Bond Strength in a Nickel Pincer Complex
Authors: Schneck Felix , Finger Markus , Siewert Inke , Schneider Sven
Published: April 2021

Metal coordination can substantially weaken the bond strength of X−H bonds in coordinated ligands. Despite the importance for redox catalysis, this phenomenon is surprisingly scarcely examined for C−H bonds of organometallic compounds. We here report a nickel(I) pincer complex with a remote methylene group in the ligand backbone that exhibits an unusually solvent dependent C−H bond dissociation free energy (BDFEC−H). Structural and thermochemical characterization in MeCN and THF indicates that the BDFEC−H strongly depends on solvent binding to the metal within the NiII/NiI redox couple.
Nambu-Goldstone modes in non-equilibrium systems from AdS/CFT correspondence
Authors: Ishigaki Shuta , Matsumoto Masataka
Published: April 2021

Abstract

We investigate dispersion relation of Nambu-Goldstone modes in a dissipative system realized by the AdS/CFT correspondence. We employ the D3/D7 model which represents $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory coupled to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 flavor fields. If we consider massless quarks in the presence of an external magnetic field, the system exhibits the phase transition associated with the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the chiral symmetry. We find that the Nambu-Goldstone modes show a diffusive behavior in the dispersion relation, which agrees with that found with the effective field theory approach. We also study a non-equilibrium steady state which has a constant current flow in the presence of an external electric field. In a non-equilibrium steady state, we find that the Nambu-Goldstone modes show a linear dispersion in the real part of the frequency in addition to the diffusive behavior. Moreover, we analyze the linear dispersion of the Nambu-Goldstone modes in the hydrodynamic approximation. As a result, we find that the linear dispersion can be written as the analytic functions of quantities in the dual field theory. Our results imply that such a linear dispersion is a characteristic behavior of Nambu-Goldstone modes in a non-equilibrium steady state.
Naturalness without new particles
Authors: Hook Anson
Published: April 2021

Abstract

We demonstrate that the physics which resolves naturalness problems need not take the form of new particles and can sometimes manifest itself as higher dimensional operators. As a proof of principle, we present a simple model where the scale of new particles is parametrically separated from that estimated via naturalness arguments applied to self-quartic couplings. In this example, new particles appear far above the scale $$ m/\sqrt{\lambda } $$
m
/

λ

, where m is the mass of the particle and λ is its self-quartic coupling. The shift symmetry responsible for resolving the naturalness problem involves higher dimensional operators rather than new particles.
Dark matter detection, Standard Model parameters and Intermediate Scale Supersymmetry
Authors: Dunsky David , Hall Lawrence J. , Harigaya Keisuke
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The vanishing of the Higgs quartic coupling at a high energy scale may be explained by Intermediate Scale Supersymmetry, where supersymmetry breaks at (109-1012) GeV. The possible range of supersymmetry breaking scales can be narrowed down by precise measurements of the top quark mass and the strong coupling constant. On the other hand, nuclear recoil experiments can probe Higgsino or sneutrino dark matter up to a mass of 1012 GeV. We derive the correlation between the dark matter mass and precision measurements of standard model parameters, including supersymmetric threshold corrections. The dark matter mass is bounded from above as a function of the top quark mass and the strong coupling constant. The top quark mass and the strong coupling constant are bounded from above and below respectively for a given dark matter mass. We also discuss how the observed dark matter abundance can be explained by freeze-out or freeze-in during a matter-dominated era after inflation, with the inflaton condensate being dissipated by thermal effects.
An Algorithm for the Factorization of Split Quaternion Polynomials
Authors: Scharler Daniel F. , Schröcker Hans-Peter
Published: April 2021

We present an algorithm to compute all factorizations into linear factors of univariate polynomials over the split quaternions, provided such a factorization exists. Failure of the algorithm is equivalent to non-factorizability for which we present also geometric interpretations in terms of rulings on the quadric of non-invertible split quaternions. However, suitable real polynomial multiples of split quaternion polynomials can still be factorized and we describe how to find these real polynomials. Split quaternion polynomials describe rational motions in the hyperbolic plane. Factorization with linear factors corresponds to the decomposition of the rational motion into hyperbolic rotations. Since multiplication with a real polynomial does not change the motion, this decomposition is always possible. Some of our ideas can be transferred to the factorization theory of motion polynomials. These are polynomials over the dual quaternions with real norm polynomial and they describe rational motions in Euclidean kinematics. We transfer techniques developed for split quaternions to compute new factorizations of certain dual quaternion polynomials.
D-modules of pure Gaussian type and enhanced ind-sheaves
Authors: Hohl Andreas
Published: April 2021

Differential systems of pure Gaussian type are examples of D-modules on the complex projective line with an irregular singularity at infinity, and as such are subject to the Stokes phenomenon. We employ the theory of enhanced ind-sheaves and the Riemann–Hilbert correspondence for holonomic D-modules of D’Agnolo and Kashiwara to describe the Stokes phenomenon topologically. Using this description, we perform a topological computation of the Fourier–Laplace transform of a D-module of pure Gaussian type in this framework, recovering and generalizing a result of Sabbah.
Monocyte dysregulation: consequences for hepatic infections
Authors: Sellau Julie , Puengel Tobias , Hoenow Stefan , Groneberg Marie , Tacke Frank , Lotter Hannelore
Published: April 2021

Liver disorders due to infections are a substantial health concern in underdeveloped and industrialized countries. This includes not only hepatotropic viruses (e.g., hepatitis B, hepatitis C) but also bacterial and parasitic infections such as amebiasis, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, or echinococcosis. Recent studies of the immune mechanisms underlying liver disease show that monocytes play an essential role in determining patient outcomes. Monocytes are derived from the mononuclear phagocyte lineage in the bone marrow and are present in nearly all tissues of the body; these cells function as part of the early innate immune response that reacts to challenge by external pathogens. Due to their special ability to develop into tissue macrophages and dendritic cells and to change from an inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory phenotype, monocytes play a pivotal role in infectious and non-infectious liver diseases: they can maintain inflammation and support resolution of inflammation. Therefore, tight regulation of monocyte recruitment and termination of monocyte-driven immune responses in the liver is prerequisite to appropriate healing of organ damage. In this review, we discuss monocyte-dependent immune mechanisms underlying hepatic infectious disorders. Better understanding of these immune mechanisms may lead to development of new interventions to treat acute liver disease and prevent progression to organ failure.