bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of life after hip fracture: a 12-month prospective study
Authors: Amarilla-Donoso Francisco Javier , Roncero-Martin Raul , Lavado-Garcia Jesus Maria , Toribio-Felipe Rosaura , Moran-Garcia Jose Maria , Lopez-Espuela Fidel
Published: June 2020

Background

Hip fracture is an important and frequent health problem worldwide. To date, there are still limited studies focused on the analysis of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after a hip fracture in the Spanish population, especially with long-term follow-up.

Objective

To determine the HRQOL at 12 months after hip fracture and to identify potential factors associated with HRQOL.

Design

Prospective observational study.

Setting

Traumatology units of two university hospitals in province Cáceres (Spain).

Participants

A total of 224 patients were admitted to the unit and required immediate surgery due to a hip fracture.

Methods

HRQOL was measured with the EuroQol-5D questionnaire (EQ-5D) and the SF-12 Health Survey.

Results

Scores from the visual analog scale EQ-5D decreased significantly (p < 0.001) from 72.8 at baseline to 48.3 after 1 month, to 48.2 after 6 months and to 46.1 after 12 months. The EQ-5D index score showed a similar significant reduction (p < 0.001) from 0.6 to 0.1, 0.3 and 0.3, respectively. Values of the physical component summary (PCS-12) significantly decreased (p < 0.001) from 38.6 at baseline to 31.0, 33.1 and 33.5. The mental component summary (MCS-12) decreased from 46.5 to 44.8 after 6 months (p = 0.022) and 44.3 after 12 months (p = 0.005). Factors potentially associated with HRQOL at 12 months after hip fracture were depression status after 12 months (B = 0–1.876; 95% CI [−2.409 to −1.343]; p < 0.001), functional ambulation classification after 12 months (B = −12.133; 95% CI [−17.970 to −6.297]; p < 0.001), EQ-5D VAS at baseline (B = 0.223; 95% CI [0.115–0.330]; p < 0.001), and age (B = −0.323; 95% CI [−0.594 to −0.053; p = 0.015).

Conclusions

Patients experience a significant impairment in HRQOL H after a hip fracture, especially in self-care, pain/discomfort, usual activities, mobility and anxiety/depression. The decline in the HRQOL is effective the first month and lasts at least 12 months after the surgical intervention.
Plastid genomes of the North American Rhus integrifolia-ovata complex and phylogenomic implications of inverted repeat structural evolution in Rhus L.
Authors: Barrett Craig F.
Published: June 2020

Plastid genomes (plastomes) represent rich sources of information for phylogenomics, from higher-level studies to below the species level. The genus Rhus (sumac) has received a significant amount of study from phylogenetic and biogeographic perspectives, but genomic studies in this genus are lacking. Rhus integrifolia and R. ovata are two shrubby species of high ecological importance in the southwestern USA and Mexico, where they occupy coastal scrub and chaparral habitats. They hybridize frequently, representing a fascinating system in which to investigate the opposing effects of hybridization and divergent selection, yet are poorly characterized from a genomic perspective. In this study, complete plastid genomes were sequenced for one accession of R. integrifolia and one each of R. ovata from California and Arizona. Sequence variation among these three accessions was characterized, and PCR primers potentially useful in phylogeographic studies were designed. Phylogenomic analyses were conducted based on a robustly supported phylogenetic framework based on 52 complete plastomes across the order Sapindales. Repeat content, rather than the size of the inverted repeat, had a stronger relative association with total plastome length across Sapindales when analyzed with phylogenetic least squares regression. Variation at the inverted repeat boundary within Rhus was striking, resulting in major shifts and independent gene losses. Specifically, rps19 was lost independently in the R. integrifolia-ovata complex and in R. chinensis, with a further loss of rps22 and a major contraction of the inverted repeat in two accessions of the latter. Rhus represents a promising novel system to study plastome structural variation of photosynthetic angiosperms at and below the species level.
Producción y consumo de noticias en las redes sociales en Brasil: la proximidad como valor noticia para periodistas y lectores
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Paraná (Brasil), Goulart Massuchin Michele
Published: June 2020

Este artículo discute la importancia del factor proximidad en la producción periodística que circula en las redes sociales, por medio de las fanpages de los periódicos. A partir de los estudios que reflejan sobre los criterios relevantes para identificar lo que es noticia en los formatos tradicionales, este trabajo trae la observación de cómo productores y lectores se relacionan con los contenidos, según la proximidad, en las redes sociales. La investigación se realiza con base en la producción direccionada al Facebook por nueve periódicos brasileños regionales, de la región Nordeste. Son analizadas 9.993 posts, a partir del análisis del contenido periodístico, identificando el alcance de los contenidos: local, regional, nacional e internacional. Los resultados muestran tres cuestiones relevantes que son discutidas por el texto: la diferencia entre vehículos en lo que se refiere a los tipos de contenido publicados, la "nacionalización" de fanpages de periódicos regionales y el predominio de comentarios en posts que presentan más proximidad.
Etiquetar el feminismo. Análisis de los cibermedios iberoamericanos
Authors:   Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) (España), Peña-Fernández Simón , Larrondo-Ureta Ainara ,   Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) (España, Agirreazkuenaga-Onaindia Irati ,   Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) (España
Published: June 2020

Durante los últimos años, el feminismo ha incrementado su presencia social, lo que provoca interés por conocer la transmisión que se realiza de sus valores y reivindicaciones a la sociedad a partir de los discursos mediáticos. Este estudio analiza la presencia y la caracterización del feminismo en diez de los principales cibermedios iberoamericanos mediante el análisis de 2.712 términos incluidos en las etiquetas (tags) correspondientes a las palabras clave que figuran en los metadatos de las informaciones. Este análisis de la interrelación de términos permite conocer con qué términos, temáticas y personas se asocia al feminismo, y el modo en el que los medios de comunicación abordan la información sobre la materia. Los resultados muestran, por un lado, un tratamiento desigual de la materia por parte de los medios iberoamericanos, así como un uso poco estructurado de las etiquetas como recurso para organizar el discurso mediático. Los resultados muestran también la importante asociación que se produce entre el feminismo y las personalidades del mundo de la cultura y el espectáculo, frente a un menor impacto directo de las campañas desarrolladas en las redes sociales y por las activistas. El estudio permite corroborar, asimismo, que pese al aumento del número total de informaciones, entre las temáticas asociadas al feminismo los discursos de victimización de las mujeres siguen siendo dominantes.
Desafíos éticos en las redes sociales en línea: la producción de contenidos y la opinión de los profesionales
Authors:   Universidad de Lisboa (Portugal), Antunes Catarina , Sebastiao Sonia Pedro ,   Universidad de Lisboa (Portugal)
Published: June 2020

La comunicación con un propósito comercial, desarrollada para promover marcas y vender productos, servicios o ideas, entra en el campo del análisis ético, ya que el objetivo comercial del contenido pagado y patrocinado debe ser revelado en aras de la transparencia y el respeto a los lectores. Con la pregunta inicial: "¿Cuál es la opinión de los productores de contenido sobre las prácticas éticas en su producción?" esta investigación busca evaluar las opiniones de los profesionales de la comunicación con respecto a las prácticas éticas y poco éticas que surgen de la relación con los blogueros y personas influyentes en las redes sociales en línea. Se utilizó el método cualitativo, y se llevaron a cabo siete entrevistas en profundidad semiestructuradas con profesionales de las relaciones públicas y periodistas, así como un análisis interpretativo de los resultados. En términos específicos, se definieron los siguientes objetivos: comprender qué requisitos debe tener el uso de personas influyentes en las redes sociales en línea (incluidos los blogs) para considerarse una práctica ética y comparar las opiniones de los productores de contenido pago y de los periodistas sobre las prácticas éticas en un entorno digital. Se concluyó que cada vez hay más inquietudes éticas relacionadas con la credibilidad de los productores de contenido, los blogueros y los influenciadores digitales
Adaptándose a la convergencia: evolución del second screening en Twitter y en programas políticos de TV
Authors:   Universidad de Playa Ancha (Chile), Miranda Bustamante María de los Ángeles , Fernández Medina Francisco Javier ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: June 2020

Ver televisión y usar Twitter al mismo tiempo cambia la naturaleza de la experiencia mediática; por ello, esta investigación cuantitativa utiliza un análisis de frecuencia y el índice de seminalidad para describir la evolución de esta convergencia entre 2013 y 2017 en programas políticos chilenos. En la comparación, se detectó un aumento del second screening, o uso de segunda pantalla, entre televisión y Twitter por parte de los usuarios, mientras que los medios dejaron de gestionar sus cuentas oficiales. Esta conducta denota una creciente autonomía de ambas pantallas, lo que es coherente con la convergencia comprendida por Jenkins como la creación de conexiones entre contenidos dispersos.
Relación de la participación política online y offline en el contexto de campañas subnacionales
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (México), Rodríguez-Estrada Alejandra , Muñiz Carlos ,   Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (México), Echeverría Martín ,   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla BUAP (México)
Published: June 2020

Como parte del estudio del comportamiento electoral en los entornos digitales, surge la interrogante de si las campañas electorales con alta presencia en redes sociodigitales estimulan la participación en línea de los ciudadanos y si ello se traduce en una participación fuera de redes (offline) de mayor alcance. Con la finalidad de conocer y comparar la relación entre la participación política en línea con la offline, en sus modalidades convencional y no convencional, se aplicó una encuesta analítica digital postelectoral a las campañas electorales de los estados mexicanos de Nuevo León en 2015 (N = 294) y Puebla en 2016 (N = 301), la primera altamente centrada en medios digitales y la segunda, muy poco. Se encontraron diferencias en el involucramiento digital, que incluso repercuten en el juego electoral. Para las observaciones de Nuevo León se encontró una mayor relación entre el uso de redes sociales y la predisposición a participar en línea, mientras que en Puebla fue la participación política no convencional la que estuvo más relacionada con la predisposición a participar políticamente online. Explicamos estos hallazgos en relación con el grado de digitalización de cada campaña y el contexto tecnosocial en general.
Periodismo constructivo: una respuesta a las razones de los usuarios para evitar las noticias
Authors:   Universidad de Navarra (España), Serrano-Puche Javier
Published: June 2020

Pese a que el panorama mediático actual permite escoger entre muy diversas plataformas, fuentes y medios para informarse, hay usuarios que deciden evitar las noticias. Este artículo explora las razones que motivan esta evasión informativa, poniéndolas en diálogo con las propuestas del periodismo constructivo. Tomando como caso de estudio a España y mediante un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo del Digital News Report –basado en un estudio piloto y una encuesta a 2006 usuarios digitales–, los resultados muestran que el 50% de los internautas españoles evita las noticias de manera activa, una práctica más habitual entre las mujeres, los jóvenes y las personas de bajos ingresos económicos. Las razones señaladas por los usuarios para no consultar las noticias aluden a dos grandes factores. Por un lado, a la situación del usuario, ya sea por falta de interés en la actualidad como por la percepción de que la exposición al flujo noticioso tiene efectos negativos en su persona (siendo esta la principal razón para evitarlas, en el 37% de los casos). Por otro lado, también se acusa a los medios de comunicación –tanto a nivel corporativo como a los periodistas que elaboran la información– de incumplir algunos principios básicos de la profesión. Específicamente, 29% de los usuarios no consulta las noticias porque desconfía de su veracidad. Los medios podrían combatir estas motivaciones optando por un enfoque más constructivo del periodismo, basado en una cobertura orientada a generar un impacto social positivo.
Importancia de la estrategia de comunicación y su relación con el insight para conseguir la eficacia publicitaria: el caso de España
Authors:   Universidad de Valladolid (España), Sebastián-Morillas Ana , Muñoz-Sastre Daniel ,   Universidad de Valladolid (España), Núñez-Cansado Marian ,   Universidad de Valladolid (España)
Published: June 2020

Esta investigación cualitativa examina el rol que han jugado las estrategias de comunicación utilizadas por las marcas desde 2009 a 2018, ambos años inclusive, para alcanzar la eficacia publicitaria y poder así conseguir sus objetivos de comunicación y de marketing. El análisis de 39 casos de estudio de las campañas premiadas en la Categoría Oro, en eficacia en comunicación comercial, de los premios Eficacia en los últimos 10 años, junto con la realización de un panel Delphi, compuesto por 12 expertos del sector publicitario, en el ámbito de la planificación estratégica, aportan datos reales y novedosos sobre esta materia. Las conclusiones muestran la relevancia de las estrategias de comunicación en el desarrollo de una campaña publicitaria y en qué medida el insight es importante en este proceso, ya que aparece en 23 de las 39 campañas analizadas, aunque en diez de ellas no se evidencia –pero sí se revela– un posible insight. También se aporta una definición y una clasificación de insight, derivada de los resultados obtenidos en la investigación, en la que se diferencia entre insight activo y humano, cuando es la persona la que realiza la acción y lo expresa a través de las emociones, e insight pasivo y externo, cuando es la persona la que recibe la acción que la induce a moverse a comprar el producto
GESTÃO DO CONHECIMENTO CIENTÍFICO COMO SÍNTESE INTERDISCIPLINAR: INTERFACES TEÓRICO-CONCEITUAIS ENTRE A GESTÃO DO CONHECIMENTO, A COMUNICAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA E A COMUNICAÇÃO ORGANIZACIONAL
Authors: Santos Tiago Sampaio , Menezes Ana Maria Ferreira
Published: June 2020

O desenvolvimento das Políticas de Tecnologia, Ciência e Inovação, ao longo do século XX, notadamente, no contexto da sociedade em rede, teve reflexos sobre a evolução do conceito de ciência e delineou a criação e difusão de conhecimentos daí decorrentes como um fenômeno cuja compreensão requer um olhar interdisciplinar. Por meio de discussão teórica e revisão conceitual, o artigo, resultante de pesquisa de doutorado em andamento, objetiva discutir o campo da Gestão do Conhecimento Científico como uma síntese interdisciplinar formada pela Gestão do Conhecimento, Comunicação Científica e Comunicação Organizacional. O percurso seguido tem com resultados contribuições teóricas e epistemológicas voltadas a problematizar a neutralidade do campo científico, discutindo como teorias e pressupostos da Gestão do Conhecimento e da Comunicação desenvolveram-se como forma de otimizar processos produtivos nos moldes do capital e a evidenciar as interseções interdisciplinares entre os campos discutidos, a partir das suas compatibilidades, muitas vezes, latentes na literatura.
SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÃO E O PLANEJAMENTO DO ACESSO E RECUPERAÇÃO DA INFORMAÇÃO: UMA REFLEXÃO ACERCA DOS USUÁRIOS NA CONCEPÇÃO DO DATAÍSMO
Authors: Silva Ismaelly Batista dos Santos , Calheira Fausto José Silva , Bulcão Menderson Correia
Published: June 2020

Pensar um Sistema de Informação requer medidas para além da gestão dos recursos humanos e materiais que o compõem. Executar o planejamento e acesso às informações a serem oferecidas no contexto dos Sistemas de Informação suscita uma reflexão do insumo informacional a partir da contextualização de seus usuários. O presente estudo objetiva fazer uma reflexão dos usuários no contexto de Sistemas de Informação a partir da seguinte indagação proposta por Harari (2015) em seu livro “Homo Deus: uma breve história do amanhã”: será que os organismos são apenas algoritmos, e a vida apenas processamento de dados? Metodologicamente a pesquisa encontra-se tipificada mediante os objetivos como descritiva e do ponto de vista dos procedimentos é adotada a modalidade de revisão teórica a partir da literatura da área de Ciência da Informação. Como resultados apontamos para dois eixos dialógicos, ou seja, um viés físico em que tudo que compõe o universo é matéria em constante transformação/renovação repleta de processos químicos (orgânico e matemático). Uma segunda perspectiva prevê extrapolar as situações concretas e que geram experiências para além do que se sabe ou pode compreender. Isto posto, ambas abordagens se concentram no campo de processamento (como mecanismo de estímulo e percepção) de dados o que não é algo simples ou que se possa sintetizar em algoritmos quando se toma por base um dado contexto psicossocial, mas não deixa de ser concreto ao passo que tudo emerge ou se apoia na materialidade. Por fim, conclui-se que a experiência nos cenários de Sistemas de Informação em que os usuários, parte constituinte deste sistema, auxiliam os processos informacionais gerando dados de aprimoramento através de algoritmos especializados. Porém, o usuário em sua experiência como indivíduo extrapola a problematização para Ciência a Informação tomando por base seu objeto de investigação.
TANGÊNCIAS E CONSEQUÊNCIAS DA SOCIEDADE INFORMÁTICA E DA PÓS-VERDADE: O POTENCIAL PAPEL DA BIBLIOTECA PÚBLICA
Authors: Bernardino Maria Cleide Rodrigues , Sampaio Denise Braga
Published: June 2020

Reflete sobre a Sociedade Informática de Adam Schaff (1995) e suas consequências na Sociedade da Informação, contextualizada hodiernamente pela pós- verdade. Assim, a questão de pesquisa é como a biblioteca pública pode atuar nesta sociedade, dita da informação, mas com extensivas lacunas informacionais? Assim, discute, a partir do método bibliográfico e da abordagem qualitativa, as potencialidades da biblioteca pública como via dinâmica da democratização do acesso, uso e disseminação da informação de forma crítica e reflexiva dentro deste espaço. Deste modo, utiliza como aporte conceitual as discussões empreendidas sobre pós-verdade, ambivalência socioeconômica da informação, sociedade da informação, desinformação e o papel democrático das bibliotecas públicas frente a essas questões. Percebe-se, a partir do que fora levantado, que esta unidade de informação, se bem estruturada, tem condições de atender às demandas emergentes deste modelo de sociedade, dado que faz parte de seu cerne o planejamento, a ação e o incentivo ao desenvolvimento social.
CONFERÊNCIA MAGNA - KEYNOTE SPEAKER - CONCITEC 2019
Authors: Thompson Maria
Published: June 2020

This paper constitutes an informal, direct narrative describing my lecture at the 2nd International Conference on Convergence in Information Science, Technology and Education (CONCITEC), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 26 to 28 September 2019. It was an honor and a joy to present at CONCITEC 2019 and to support the efforts of Professor Barbara Coelho, whom I was delighted to meet. The emphasis of my talk was in demonstrating that hard work, optimism and human connectivity can lead to amazing work and life experiences. I explained that I did not have special resources when I started my studies at UFES (Federal University of Espirito Santo), in Vitoria Brazil. I wanted to communicate to the audience that the obstacles and lack of resources, that they often experience in Brazil, while discouraging, should not prevent anyone to pursue their dreams. I particularly encouraged the women in the room, as it was very inspiring to me to see a group of strong women leading that forum
Imaging of Injectable Hydrogels Delivered into Myocardium with SPECT/CT
Authors: Uman Selen , Wang Leo L. , Thorn Stephanie L. , Liu Zhao , Duncan James S , Sinusas Albert J. , Burdick Jason A.
Published: June 2020

Injectable hydrogels are being widely explored for treatment after myocardial infarction (MI) through mechanical bulking or the delivery of therapeutics. Despite this interest, there have been few approaches to image hydrogels upon injection to identify their location, volume, and pattern of delivery, features that are important to understand toward clinical translation. Using a hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel as an example, the aim of this study is to introduce radiopacity to hydrogels by encapsulating a clinically used contrast agent (Omnipaque Iohexol, GE Healthcare) for imaging upon placement in the myocardium. Specifically, iohexol is encapsulated into shear‐thinning and self‐healing hydrogels formed through the mixing of HA‐hydrazide and HA‐aldehyde. Upon examination of a range of iohexol concentrations, a concentration of 100 mg mL−1 iohexol is deemed optimal based on the greatest contrast, while maintaining hydrogel mechanical properties and acceptable injection forces. In an acute porcine model of MI, hybrid single‐photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) perfusion imaging is performed immediately and 3–4 days after hydrogel delivery to assess radiopacity and verify the hydrogel location within the perfusion defect. Hybrid SPECT/CT imaging demonstrates excellent radiopacity of the hydrogel within the perfusion defect immediately after intramyocardial hydrogel injection, demonstrating the feasibility of this method for short‐term noninvasive hydrogel monitoring.
Development of Cell Spheroids by Advanced Technologies
Authors: Shao Changmin , Chi Junjie , Zhang Hui , Fan Qihui , Zhao Yuanjin , Ye Fangfu
Published: June 2020

3D cell culture has been strongly advocated as a highly useful culture technique instead of the traditional 2D cell culture. Specially, spheroids, as the primary mode of 3D cell culture, allow cells to establish a connection between the cell and the extracellular matrix to form a specific 3D structure that better mimics the growing environment of cells in vivo. Benefiting from the emergence of various advanced micromachining platforms, spheroids have received increasing attention in diverse fields. Herein, the combination of the cell spheroid culture with microfluidic technology is reviewed. After concisely introducing the traditional methods for fabricating cell spheroids, an outline of the approaches for preparing cell spheroids using different advanced techniques is given. Then, the various applications of the generated cell spheroids in the field of biomedical engineering are presented and the current limitations, challenges, and future directions are summarized.
Trekking and toddlers: Towards a biocultural analysis of growth among infants and young children in a rural region of the Himalayas
Authors: Quinn Elizabeth A. , Childs Geoff
Published: June 2020

Objectives

Rapid socioeconomic change, associated with development and a growing tourism industry is occurring across the Himalayas. The health impact of this rapid economic development is poorly understood, especially for infants and young children. This study investigated the associations between village level economic differences as indexed by economic development and tourism engagement on infant and young child growth and health in a population of ethnic Tibetans living in the western Himalayas of Nepal.

Methods

One hundred and fifty nine infants and young children (ages 1‐24 months) were enrolled. Anthropometric data (height, weight, triceps skinfold thickness) were collected at a single time point. Village level measurements of tourism and market engagement were incorporated into a scale measuring tourism, healthcare, trail access, agriculture, and involvement in medicinal trade. Village level disease patterns were calculated from morbidity and mortality recalls collected since 2003.

Results

There were no significant associations between infant weight for age z‐score (WAZ), length for age z‐score (LAZ), or weight‐for‐length for age z‐score (WLZ) and village altitude, village economic development score, or engagement in tourism. Males had significantly higher LAZ, WAZ, and WLZ compared to females; only females showed a decline in LAZ with age. Triceps skinfold thickness z‐score (ZTSF) was inversely associated with village level economic development score in male but not female infants; females ZTSF was positively associated with IYC age.

Conclusions

While overall size for age indices (WAZ, LAZ, WLZ) were not associated with altitude or village economic development in this population, ZTSF was inversely associated with village economic development in males but not females.
The biogenesis and biology of amyloid β oligomers in the brain
Authors: Ashe Karen Hsiao
Published: June 2020

The repeated failure of clinical trials targeting the amyloid beta (Aβ) protein has challenged the amyloid cascade hypothesis. In this perspective, I discuss the biogenesis and biology of Aβ, from the arrangement of its atoms to its effects on the human brain. I hope that this analysis will help guide future attempts to home in on this elusive therapeutic target.
Evolution of Alzheimer's Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Early Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Irwin David J. , Fedler Janel , Coffey Christopher S. , Caspell‐Garcia Chelsea , Kang Ju Hee , Simuni Tanya , Foroud Tatiana , Toga Arthur W. , Tanner Caroline M. , Kieburtz Karl , Chahine Lana M. , Reimer Alyssa , Hutten Samantha , Weintraub Daniel , Mollenhauer Brit , Galasko Douglas R. , Siderowf Andrew , Marek Kenneth , Trojanowski John Q. , Shaw Leslie M. ,   The Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative
Published: June 2020

Objective

We analyzed the longitudinal profile of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in early Parkinson's disease (PD) compared with healthy controls (HCs) and tested baseline CSF biomarkers for prediction of clinical decline in PD.

Methods

Amyloid‐β 1 to 42 (Aβ42), total tau (t‐tau) and phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) at the threonine 181 position were measured using the high‐precision Roche Elecsys electrochemiluminescence immunoassay in all available CSF samples from longitudinally studied patients with PD (n = 416) and HCs (n = 192) followed for up to 3 years in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). Longitudinal CSF and clinical data were analyzed with linear‐mixed effects models.

Results

We found patients with PD had lower CSF t‐tau (median = 157.7 pg/mL; range = 80.9–467.0); p‐tau (median = 13.4 pg/mL; range = 8.0–40.1), and Aβ42 (median = 846.2 pg/mL; range = 238.8–3,707.0) than HCs at baseline (CSF t‐tau median = 173.5 pg/mL; range = 82.0–580.8; p‐tau median = 15.4 pg/mL; range = 8.1–73.6; and Aβ42 median = 926.5 pg/mL; range = 239.1–3,297.0; p < 0.05–0.001) and a moderate‐to‐strong correlation among these biomarkers in both patients with PD and HCs (Rho = 0.50–0.97; p < 0.001). Of the patients with PD, 31.5% had pathologically low levels of CSF Aβ42 at baseline and these patients with PD had lower p‐tau levels (median = 10.8 pg/mL; range = 8.0–32.8) compared with 27.7% of HCs with pathologically low CSF Aβ42 (CSF p‐tau median = 12.8 pg/mL; range 8.2–73.6; p < 0.03). In longitudinal CSF analysis, we found patients with PD had greater decline in CSF Aβ42 (mean difference = −41.83 pg/mL; p = 0.03) and CSF p‐tau (mean difference = −0.38 pg/mL; p = 0.03) at year 3 compared with HCs. Baseline CSF Aβ42 values predicted small but measurable decline on cognitive, autonomic, and motor function in early PD.

Interpretation

Our data suggest baseline CSF AD biomarkers may have prognostic value in early PD and that the dynamic change of these markers, although modest over a 3‐year period, suggest biomarker profiles in PD may deviate from healthy aging. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:574–587
Reactions in Tirapazamine Induced by the Attachment of Low‐Energy Electrons: Dissociation Versus Roaming of OH
Authors: Arthur‐Baidoo Eugene , Ameixa João , Ziegler Patrick , Ferreira da Silva Filipe , Ončák Milan , Denifl Stephan
Published: June 2020

Tirapazamine (TPZ) has been tested in clinical trials on radio‐chemotherapy due to its potential highly selective toxicity towards hypoxic tumor cells. It was suggested that either the hydroxyl radical or benzotriazinyl radical may form as bioactive radical after the initial reduction of TPZ in solution. In the present work, we studied low‐energy electron attachment to TPZ in the gas phase and investigated the decomposition of the formed TPZ− anion by mass spectrometry. We observed the formation of the (TPZ–OH)− anion accompanied by the dissociation of the hydroxyl radical as by far the most abundant reaction pathway upon attachment of a low‐energy electron. Quantum chemical calculations suggest that NH2 pyramidalization is the key reaction coordinate for the reaction dynamics upon electron attachment. We propose an OH roaming mechanism for other reaction channels observed, in competition with the OH dissociation.
Separation of close‐boiling 2,4‐/2,5‐xylenol isomers from coal tar
Authors: Ke Cong‐Yu , Wei Ying‐Lin , Lu Guo‐Min , Zhang Xiao‐Xia , Sun Wu‐Juan , Tang Xuan , Zhang Qun‐Zheng , Zhang Xun‐Li
Published: June 2020

It is challenging to separate 2,4‐/2,5‐xylenol isomers with very close boiling points. In the present work, a multistep process for the separation of 2,4‐/2,5‐xylenol isomers from coal tar was investigated, involving alkylation, distillation, and dealkylation. Starting from the selection of suitable catalyst, the operating conditions for alkylation, distillation, and dealkylation were optimized by varying key parameters systematically. Among the four catalysts examined, p‐toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) showed best performance in terms of conversion and selectivity. Under the optimized alkylation conditions, the yields of 6‐tert‐butyl‐2,4‐xylenol and 4‐tert‐butyl‐2,5‐xylenol were 97.3% and 86.2%, respectively. Following pH adjusted to 7–8 with 10% sodium carbonate and water washing, the minimum reflux ratios during distillation for obtaining 6‐tert‐butyl‐2,4‐xylenol and 4‐tert‐butyl‐2,5‐xylenol were 4 and 12, with product purity of 99.8% and 99.5%, respectively. Under the optimized dealkylation conditions, both yields of 2,4‐xylenol and 2,5‐xylenol reached 99.9%. After recrystallization, the final product purity was over 99.5%. This lab‐scale investigation provides key information for an on‐going pilot‐scale process design.
Influence of the chemical structure of para‐bridged group on the antioxidant behavior of hindered phenol antioxidants in HDPE resin
Authors: Li Cuiqin , Li Yang , Xia Xinxin , Huang Jin , Sun Peng , Zhang Na , Wang Jun , Li Feng
Published: June 2020

A hindered phenol antioxidant with rigid para‐bridged group (antioxidant AP) was synthesized to study the effect of the chemical structure on the antioxidant properties of hindered phenol antioxidants in high density polyethylene (HDPE). Antioxidant behavior of series of hindered phenol antioxidants with different para‐bridged groups in HDPE resin was also investigated by the thermal oxidation experiment, the mobility test, and the long‐term accelerated thermal aging test. The results showed that the rigidity of para‐bridged group and the molecule size have the important influences on the antioxidant performance of hindered phenol antioxidants in the HDPE resin, and the antioxidant abilities of antioxidant AP and Irganox 1,330 with the aryl para‐bridged group was superior to Irganox 1,098 and 1.0G dendritic antioxidant with the alkyl para‐bridged group at the same testing conditions. Compared with the hindered phenol antioxidants with alkyl para‐bridged group, the hindered phenol antioxidants with aryl para‐bridged group have better thermal oxygen stability and less mobility in the HDPE resin. Irganox 1,010 with ester groups is prone to hydrolysis to increase the mobility rate in hot water and the migration resistance of hindered phenol antioxidants in n‐hexane. Moreover, the high content of phenolic OH group and the aryl para‐bridged group are favorable for improving the antioxidant performance of hindered phenol antioxidants.
Self‐assembly of telechelic polymers bearing adamantane groups via host‐guest inclusion complexes with cyclodextrin polymer
Authors: Zhou Yingxue , Yang Rongrong , Fan Xiaodong , Sun Mengmeng , He Xinhai
Published: June 2020

Self‐assembly and supramolecular inclusion complexations between telechelic polymers bearing one or double adamantane groups and linear poly(β‐cyclodextrin) (P(β‐CD)) were investigated in water. An adamantane (Ada) attached to poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) was prepared by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization using s‐1‐dodecyl‐s″ ‐(α,α′‐dimethyl‐α″‐acetic acid) trithio‐carbonate functionalized Ada with tert‐butyl acrylate, followed by functional modification. Additionally, two Ada groups capped triblock copolymer F127 were obtained via an esterification reaction. The dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscope and 1H 2D NOSEY NMR spectroscopy were conducted to characterize the self‐assembly behaviors. With the inclusion complexation of Ada/CD in 1:1 M ratio in water, the spherical micelles were enlarged at 25°C than that of the adamantyl polymer precursors. Due to the PPO segment of Ada‐F127‐Ada, the micelles aggregation showed temperature dependence from 4 to 37°C for precursor and corresponding inclusion complexation; while in Ada‐PAA/P(β‐CD) system, the hydrodynamic diameters decreased with pH decreasing.
Flash nanoprecipitation with Gd(III)‐based metallosurfactants to fabricate polylactic acid nanoparticles as highly efficient contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Xu Kehan , Wang Mingwei , Tang Weijun , Ding Yun , Hu Aiguo
Published: June 2020

Polylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles coated with Gd(III)‐based metallosurfactants (MS) are prepared using a simple and rapid one‐step method, flash nanoprecipitation (FNP), for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. By co‐assembling the Gd(III)‐based MS and an amphiphilic polymer, methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (mPEG‐b‐PCL), PLA cores were rapidly encapsulated to form biocompatible T1 contrast agents with tunable particle size and narrow size distribution. The hydrophobic property of Gd(III)‐based MS were finely tuned to achieve their high loading efficiency. The size of the nanoparticles was easily controlled by tuning the stream velocity, Reynolds number and the amount of the amphiphilic block copolymer during the FNP process. Under the optimized condition, the relaxivity of the nanoparticles was achieved up to 35.39 mM−1 s−1 (at 1.5 T), which is over 8 times of clinically used MRI contrast agents, demonstrating the potential application for MR imaging.
Considerations for large building water quality after extended stagnation
Authors: Proctor Caitlin R. , Rhoads William J. , Keane Tim , Salehi Maryam , Hamilton Kerry , Pieper Kelsey J. , Cwiertny David M. , Prévost Michele , Whelton Andrew J.
Published: June 2020

The unprecedented number of building closures related to the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic is concerning because water stagnation will occur in many buildings that do not have water management plans in place. Stagnant water can have chemical and microbiological contaminants that pose potential health risks to occupants. Health officials, building owners, utilities, and other entities are rapidly developing guidance to address this issue, but the scope, applicability, and details included in the guidance vary widely. To provide a primer of large building water system preventative and remedial strategies, peer‐reviewed, government, industry, and nonprofit literature relevant to water stagnation and decontamination practices for plumbing was synthesized. Preventative practices to help avoid the need for recommissioning (e.g., routine flushing) and specific actions, challenges, and limitations associated with recommissioning were identified and characterized. Considerations for worker and occupant safety were also indicated. The intended audience of this work includes organizations developing guidance.
Convergent Evolution of Fungal Cysteine Dioxygenases
Authors: Flückger Sebastian , Igareta Nico V. , Seebeck Florian P.
Published: June 2020

Cupin‐type cysteine dioxygenases (CDOs) are non‐heme iron enzymes that occur in animals, plants, bacteria and in filamentous fungi. In this report, we show that agaricomycetes contain an entirely unrelated type of CDO that emerged by convergent evolution from enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of ergothioneine. The activity of this CDO type is dependent on the ergothioneine precursor N‐α‐trimethylhistidine. The metabolic link between ergothioneine production and cysteine oxidation suggests that the two processes might be part of the same chemical response in fungi, for example against oxidative stress.
ABCC9, NKAPL, and TMEM132C are potential diagnostic and prognostic markers in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Kang Xiaoning , Jin Lijun , Bai Jie , Zhang Hui , Liu Wei , Wang Zunyi
Published: June 2020

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous disease. The aim of this study is to identify the diagnostic and poor prognostic signatures in TNBC by exploring the aberrant DNA methylation and gene expression. Differential expression and methylation analysis of the TNBC and paracancer samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas were performed. Gene set enrichment and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was used to explore the mechanisms of TNBC. Methylation‐gene expression correlation analysis was performed, and multivariate Cox analysis and receiver operating characteristics analysis were used to further screen the hub genes for TNBC. We identified 1,525 differentially expressed genes and 150 differentially methylated genes between TNBC and paracancer samples. About 96.64% of the methylation sites were located on the CpG island. A total of 17 Gene Ontology biological process terms and 18 signal pathways were significantly enriched. GNG4, GNG11, PENK, MAOA, and AOX1 were identified as the core genes of the PPI network. Methylation‐expression correlations revealed that ABCC9 (cg06951626), NKAPL (cg18675097, cg01031101, and cg17384889), and TMEM132C (cg03530754) showed promise as diagnostic and prognostic markers in TNBC. ABCC9 (cg06951626), NKAPL (cg18675097, cg01031101, and cg17384889), and TMEM132C (cg03530754) were potential diagnostic and prognostic markers in TNBC.
Wael's surgical treatment of intestinal gangrene due to congenital internal hernia: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Doush Wael Mohialddin , Elzein Juhaina Ahmed , Musaad Abdlmagid M. , Abdelaziz Muataz S. , Osman Muataz Ogeal
Published: June 2020

A high clinical sense of the surgeon is mandatory in unstable deteriorating patients. Usually, a definitive diagnosis through an urgent laparotomy for repair of transmesenteric hernia and resection of gangrenous bowel leads to a successful outcome.
Dermoscopic features of lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei: Distinct aspects depending on disease stage
Authors: Litaiem Noureddine , Chamli Amal , Bacha Takwa , Jones Meriem , Goucha Samia , Rammeh Soumaya , Zeglaoui Faten
Published: June 2020

Dermoscopy is a useful tool that helps distinguish lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LPDF) from sarcoidosis and tuberculosis. Follicular keratotic plugs (FKP) represent the hallmark of LPDF. Dermoscopic aspect of LPDF changes through the course of the disease.
Graphite Carbon Nitride‐Assisted Ruthenium/Reduced Graphene Oxide as High‐Efficiency Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction under Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Wang Tao , Yuan Hongzhi , Zhou Juhong , Jiang Binbin , Gao Yinchun , Wang Laiguo , Pang Tao , Wu Konglin
Published: June 2020

Exploring the high activity and stability of HER electrocatalysts in alkaline media is highly desirable. In this paper, a facile hydrothermal method is proposed for synthesizing the Ru decorated graphite carbon nitride/reduced graphene oxide (Ru‐CN‐rGO), which can be used as efficient electrocatalysts in alkaline media. The optimal Ru‐CN‐rGO (Ru: 4.4 wt%) exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic activity than these of Ru/C and Pt/C, which requires a low overpotential (45 mV) to derive a current density of 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope (40.0 mV dec−1) and a large exchange current density (1.13 mA cm−2). More importantly, the obtained Ru‐CN‐rGO exhibits the long‐term stability in alkaline electrolyte. The comparable results reveal that the CN can adjust the electronic structure of Ru, which is beneficial for accelerating the kinetics reaction, resulting in excellent HER performances. This work provides a new strategy for designing the efficient electrocatalyst.
Nickel‐CatalyzedDicarbofunctionalization of Alkenes†
Authors: Luo Yun‐Cheng , Xu Chang , Zhang Xingang
Published: June 2020

As a straightforward strategy for rapidly increasing molecular complexity, dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes has attracted substantial interests of organic synthesis, medicine chemistry, and materials science. Nickel‐catalyzed cascade dicarbofunctionalizations have been flourished in this area recently, and nickel‐mediated radical pathways particularly offer new opportunities in conjunctive cross‐couplings with alkyl coupling partners. Herein, we give a comprehensive review of nickel‐catalyzed dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes through a historical perspective, including intermolecular three‐component reactions and intramolecular cascade reactions. Among the pathways discussed in this review, the carbometallation/cross‐coupling process and the radical addition/cross‐coupling process are the two major pathways for the nickel‐catalyzed dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes. The oxidative cyclization and 1,2‐metallate shift processes are also selectively discussed. These methods overcome the limitations associated with the reactions using noble metals in the field, providing an efficient and straightforward access to structurally diversified molecules.
Potential Dental Biofilm Inhibitors: Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry Affords Sugar‐Based Molecules that Target Bacterial Glucosyltransferase
Authors: Hartman Alwin M. , Jumde Varsha R. , Elgaher Walid A. M. , Te Poele Evelien M. , Dijkhuizen Lubbert , Hirsch Anna K. H.
Published: June 2020

We applied dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) to find novel ligands of the bacterial virulence factor glucosyltransferase (GTF) 180. GTFs are the major producers of extracellular polysaccharides, which are important factors in the initiation and development of cariogenic dental biofilms. Following a structure‐based strategy, we designed a series of 36 glucose‐ and maltose‐based acylhydrazones as substrate mimics. Synthesis of the required mono‐ and disaccharide‐based aldehydes set the stage for DCC experiments. Analysis of the dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs) by UPLC‐MS revealed major amplification of four compounds in the presence of GTF180. Moreover, we found that derivatives of the glucose‐acceptor maltose at the C1‐hydroxy group act as glucose‐donors and are cleaved by GTF180. The synthesized hits display medium to low binding affinity (KD values of 0.4–10.0 mm) according to surface plasmon resonance. In addition, they were investigated for inhibitory activity in GTF‐activity assays. The early‐stage DCC study reveals that careful design of DCLs opens up easy access to a broad class of novel compounds that can be developed further as potential inhibitors.
Three‐dimensional sound reproduction in vehicle based on data mining technique
Authors: Zhang Maosheng , Hu Ruimin , Jiang Lin
Published: June 2020

Three‐dimensional (3D) audio reproduction technique is a hot topic since MPEG proposed a proposal for 3D audio standard in 2012. The present 3D reproduction method is not available in vehicle because the loudspeaker configuration does not meet the requirements of the methods. In this paper, we develop a regression model to reproduce sound pressure in vehicle using a data mining algorithm. A big sound pressure dataset is established based on acoustic theory. We analyze this dataset and propose a stepwise regression model training and testing on this dataset. Both the Mean Square Error and Root Mean Square Error are rather small, and all the residuals such as raw residuals, Pearson Residuals, Studentized residuals, and Standardize residuals are small as well. The experiments indicate that the proposed reproduction system accurately simulates the theoretical sound reproduction system.
Does corporate social responsibility commitment and participation predict environmental and social performance?
Authors: Anser Muhammad Khalid , Yousaf Zahid , Majid Abdul , Yasir Muhammad
Published: June 2020

This study aims to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) commitment and CSR participation on both social performance and environmental performance. The current study examines the influence of CSR commitment on CSR participation. This study also tested the mediating effect of CSR participation in the connection between CSR commitment and social performance as well as between CSR commitment and environmental performance. Data were collected from 324 managers of hotels and tourism units. Statistical techniques such as correlation, regression and AMOS 7.0 software were used for data analysis. Results reveal that CSR commitment positively predicts CSR participation. CSR participation significantly predicts the social performance and environmental performance. The direct link of CSR commitment with social performance and environmental performance is positive and significant. The findings also reveal that CSR participation mediates the relationship between both CSR commitment and social performance and CSR commitment and environmental performance links.
Learn to create ‘culture of care’ within your department
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2020

It starts with creating what Jeff Milroy, M.P.H., Dr.P.H., Associate Director of the Institute to Promote Athlete Health and Wellness and Teaching Faculty in the Department of Public Health Education at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, calls a “culture of care.” When he spoke at the NCAA's annual convention, he recommended reflecting on your department's current culture as you answer the below questions and review the suggested action steps. Do you and all of the other members of your department: