bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic impact of PDGFRA gain/amplification and MGMT promoter methylation status in patients with IDH wild-type glioblastoma
Authors: Higa Nayuta , Akahane Toshiaki , Yokoyama Seiya , Yonezawa Hajime , Uchida Hiroyuki , Takajo Tomoko , Otsuji Ryosuke , Hamada Taiji , Matsuo Kei , Kirishima Mari , Hata Nobuhiro , Hanaya Ryosuke , Tanimoto Akihide , Yoshimoto Koji
Published: June 2022

Background

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) is the second most frequently mutated tyrosine kinase receptor in glioblastoma (GBM). However, the prognostic impact of PDGFRA amplification on GBM patients remains unclear. Herein, we evaluated this impact by retrospectively analyzing outcomes of patients with IDH wild-type GBM.

Methods

Using a custom-made oncopanel, we evaluated PDGFRA gain/amplification in 107 GBM samples harboring wild-type IDH, along with MGMT promoter (MGMTp) methylation status.

Results

We detected PDGFRA gain/amplification in 31 samples (29.0%). PDGFRA gain/amplification predicted poor prognosis (P = .003). Compared to unamplified PDGFRA, PDGFRA gain/amplification in GBM was associated with higher patient age (P = .031), higher Ki-67 score (P = .019), and lower extent of surgical resection (P = .033). Unmethylated MGMTp also predicted poor prognosis (P = .005). As PDGFRA gain/amplification and unmethylated MGMTp were independent factors for poor prognosis in multivariate analyses, we grouped GBM cases based on PDGFRA and MGMTp status: poor (PDGFRA gain/amplification and unmethylated MGMTp), intermediate (PDGFRA gain/amplification or unmethylated MGMTp), and good (PDGFRA intact and methylated MGMTp) prognosis. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that these groups significantly correlated with the OS of GBM patients (P < .001).

Conclusions

Here we report that PDGFRA gain/amplification is a predictor of poor prognosis in IDH wild-type GBM. Combining PDGFRA gain/amplification with MGMTp methylation status improves individual prognosis prediction in patients with IDH wild-type GBM.
Analytic model for photometric variation due to starspots on a differentially rotating star
Authors: Suto Yasushi , Sasaki Shin , Nakagawa Yuta , Benomar Othman
Published: June 2022

We present an analytic model of the light-curve variation for stars with non-evolving starspots on a differentially rotating surface. The Fourier coefficients of the harmonics of the rotation period are expressed in terms of the latitude of the spot, ℓs, and the observer’s line-of-sight direction, ℓo, including the limb-darkening effect. We generate different realizations of multi-spots according to the model, and perform mock observations of the resulting light-curve modulations. We discuss to what extent one can recover the properties of the spots and the parameters for the differential rotation law from the periodogram analysis. Although our analytical model neglects the evolution of spots on the stellar surface (dynamical motion, creation, and annihilation), it provides a basic framework to interpret the photometric variation of stars, in particular from the existing Kepler data and the future space-born mission. It is also applicable to photometric modulations induced by rotation of various astronomical objects.
Sacituzumab Govitecan-hziy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Kwapisz Dorota
Published: June 2022

Trophoblast cell-surface antigen-2 (Trop-2) is a transmembrane calcium signal transducer and its overexpression is common in many types of malignant epithelial tumors, including breast cancer (BC). Sacituzumab govitecan-hziy (SG), the anti-Trop-2 antibody-drug conjugate, resulted in a significant survival benefit over chemotherapy in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). The greatest efficacy was observed in those who had a medium or high Trop-2 score. However, the importance of Trop-2 as a potential predictive factor requires further research. Elderly patients also appear to benefit from treating with SG. While the early results are encouraging, the ultimate benefit of SG in patients with brain metastases has yet to be determined. Early phase studies have shown that SG is also active in hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2−) metastatic BC. The most common side effects of SG are nausea, neutropenia and diarrhea. Currently, several clinical trials are in progress with SG in monotherapy and in combination treatment for various types of BC. Taken together, SG should be considered as a new standard of care in patients with pretreated mTNBC. This review summarizes the development and highlights recent advances of the SG in BC.
Serum N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide is dependent on age and sex: a cross-sectional analysis in healthy adults from Northeast China
Authors: He Bing , Xu Pan-Yang , Zhou Qi , Xu Jian-Cheng , Cai Lu
Published: June 2022

Background:

Previous studies suggested higher serum N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level with older age and in women, but the reference intervals (RIs) recommended by assay manufacturers do not fully recognize such pattern.

Aims:

In this study, we aimed to establish a set of age- and sex-specific RIs for serum NT-proBNP in healthy adults from Northeast China.

Methods:

Healthy adult subjects (20 to ≤95 years old) were recruited from the physical examination center at a teaching hospital during a period from March 2020 to July 2020. Serum NT-proBNP concentration was measured using the VITROS 5600 Integrated System with a chemiluminescence method. RIs were calculated based on the EP28-A3c guidelines by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. A generalized linear model was performed to factors that were associated with NT-proBNP level.

Results:

The final analysis included 2,183 subjects (1,074 men and 1,109 women, mean age 54.2 ± 19.5 years). Serum NT-proBNP level increased with advancing age (20 to <50, 50 to <60, 60 to <75 and ≥75 years), and was significantly higher in women than in men with the exception of the ≥75 age group. Higher NT-proBNP level was associated with the female sex, older age, lower body mass index, higher urea nitrogen, higher creatinine, lower uric acid, and lower triglyceride (P < 0.05 for all). The strongest association was with the female sex, followed by age.

Conclusions:

Serum NT-proBNP level must be interpreted with consideration of sex and age. Higher NT-proBNP is associated with the female sex and older age.
Four aces of heart failure therapy: systematic review of established and emerging therapies for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Ruffino Enrico , Gori Mauro , D’Elia Emilia , Sciatti Edoardo , Shi Victor , Senni Michele
Published: June 2022

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a common disease requiring multi-drug therapy. Moreover, it is associated with a poor prognosis, with increasing prevalence in the community. In the last decade, two major drug classes were introduced to the heart failure (HF) specialist's arsenal: angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) and sodium-glucose-cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is). The current paradigm of sequential drug therapy is changing, favoring a multi-drug combination therapy upfront, including four “pillar” classes: beta-blockers, mineralcorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), ARNIs, and SGLT-2is. Recent putative placebo analyses of large-scale randomized clinical trials compared a combination of all four drug classes with a standard of care and was in favor of the multi-drug combination revealing a hazard ratio for cardiovascular (CV) death and HF hospitalization of 0.5 and 0.32, respectively. We reviewed the approval landmark trials for the four drug classes and have subincluded a short comment about the implications and impact of each study in clinical practice. Moreover, we present more detailed trials concerning the use of these drugs in different settings (eg, acute phase, in-hospital, and outpatient) and more data about the clinical, biochemical, functional, and echographic remodeling effects of the molecules. The results of the meta-analyses and putative placebo analyses in the literature we reviewed suggest the benefit of offering all the best therapy available upfront. This approach ensures maximal life expectancy gain, especially in younger patients, and cuts the costs of rehospitalizations. Thus, this review underlines the importance of the four-drug approach to HFrEF therapy, as recently stated in the ESC guidelines.
Socioeconomic status and dietary sodium intake in children from 2008 to 2019 in the UK
Authors: Cheng Yiu Lam , Hu Huan , Song Jing , MacGregor Graham A. , He Feng J.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Little is known whether children's sodium intake is affected by the national salt reduction programme in the United Kingdom (UK), particularly in relation to socioeconomic groups. We aimed to assess the trend of sodium intake among children from different socioeconomic backgrounds in the UK, from 2008–2009 to 2018–2019.

Methods:

Repeated cross-sectional analyses of data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey in children aged 4–18 years. Sodium intake was estimated from a 4-day dietary record in years 2008–2009 to 2018–2019 and 24-h urine collection (2008–2009 to 2011–2012 only). Socioeconomic status was based on parental occupation and equivalized household income.

Results:

We included 6281 children (age 11.0 ± 4.3 years, 51.3% boys). In 2008–2009 to 2011–2012, the mean sodium intake was 2342.4 ± 60.0 mg/day as measured by 24-h urinary sodium excretion, and was 2053.1 ± 18.2 mg/day by dietary records. From 2008–2009 to 2018–2019, the sodium intake as assessed by dietary records decreased by 15, 9 and 12% in children from routine and manual occupation families, intermediate occupation families and higher managerial, administrative and professional occupation families, respectively. On the basis of dietary records, the sodium intake of children from families in routine and manual occupations was 109.6 ± 23.1 mg/day (P < 0.001) higher than those from higher managerial, administrative and professional occupation families in 2008–2009 to 2011–2012. Sodium intake measured by 24-h urine collection during the same period also showed a difference between occupation groups, but it was not statistically significant. The occupational differences in sodium intake became smaller over time and were no longer significant in 2016–2017 to 2018–2019. Similar findings were found for household income.

Conclusion:

Sodium intake as assessed by dietary records decreased over the 10-year period from 2008–2009 to 2018–2019 in children from all socioeconomic groups, particularly in those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. These findings suggest that the national salt reduction programme could potentially help reduce health inequality related to sodium intake in children.
Repeatability and Reproducibility of 4.5 by 4.5 mm Peripapillary Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Scans in Glaucoma and Non-Glaucoma Eyes
Authors: Shen Alena J. , Urrea Anna L. , Lee Jae Chang , Burkemper Bruce , LeTran Vivian H. , Zhou Xiao , Chu Zhongdi , Grisafe Dominic J. , Fard Ali , Wong Brandon , Song Brian , Xu Benjamin Y. , Wang Ruikang K. , Richter Grace M.
Published: June 2022

Précis:

Peripapillary vessel parameters from optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) 4.5×4.5 mm scans in nonglaucomatous and glaucomatous eyes showed high repeatability and reproducibility, with higher reliability for commercially developed OCTA parameters compared with custom OCTA parameters.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to assess intrasession repeatability versus intersession reproducibility of peripapillary vessel parameters from 4.5×4.5 mm OCTA scans in nonglaucomatous eyes and glaucomatous eyes.

Materials and Methods:

In a longitudinal study, peripapillary OCTA scans were quantified using research-oriented custom quantification software that calculated vessel area density (VAD) and flux and clinic-oriented commercially developed software (Cirrus 11.0) that calculated perfusion density (PD) and flux index (FI). Intrasession repeatability and intersession reproducibility were evaluated using within-eye coefficient of variation (CVW) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results:

With 127 nonglaucomatous eyes, intrasession CVW for VAD, PD, flux, and FI were 1.900%, 1.174%, 2.787%, and 1.425%, respectively. The intersession CVW were 2.039%, 1.606%, 4.053%, and 2.798%, respectively. Intrasession ICC ranged from 0.903 to 0.956, and intersession ICC ranged from 0.850 to 0.896. Among 144 glaucomatous eyes, intrasession CVW for VAD, PD, flux, and FI were: 3.841%, 1.493%, 5.009%, and 2.432%, respectively. The intersession CVW were 4.991%, 2.155%, 6.360%, and 3.458%, respectively. Intrasession ICC ranged from 0.956 to 0.969, and intersession ICC ranged from 0.918 to 0.964.

Conclusions:

Among nonglaucomatous and glaucomatous eyes, the majority of peripapillary OCTA vessel parameters from 4.5×4.5 mm scans had greater intrasession repeatability than intersession reproducibility. There was a greater agreement for the commercially developed quantification parameters than for their custom quantification counterparts.
Comparison of axial length measurements in silicone oil–filled eyes using SS-OCT and partial coherence interferometry
Authors: Zhang Jiaqing , Han Xiaotong , Zhang Miao , Liu Zhenzhen , Lin Haowen , Qiu Xiaozhang , Huang Xinhua , Li Tao , Lv Lin , Chen Xiaoyun , Jin Guangming , Tan Xuhua , Luo Lixia , Liu Yizhi
Published: June 2022

Purpose:

To compare axial length (AL) measurements in silicone oil (SO)-filled eyes using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) (the IOLMaster 700 and OA2000) and partial coherence interferometry (the IOLMaster 500).

Setting:

Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangzhou, China.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods:

We enrolled phakic patients who underwent SO removal surgery. The AL measurements by the IOLMaster 500, IOLMaster 700, and OA2000, both before and after SO removal, were compared. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for the differences between preoperative and postoperative AL measurements.

Results:

68 patients (68 eyes) with a mean age of 46.43 ± 13.24 years were included. No statistically significant difference was observed in the preoperative AL measurements between the IOLMaster 500 and IOLMaster 700 (25.48 ± 2.51 mm vs 25.49 ± 2.46 mm; P = .63), whereas the OA2000 yielded shorter AL (25.34 ± 2.36 mm) (both P < .001). After SO removal, the AL measurements showed no statistically significant differences among the 3 devices. In reference to the postoperative AL, the IOLMaster 500 and IOLMaster 700 tended to overestimate the AL in SO-filled eyes (both P < .001), and this measurement error increased with longer AL (β = 0.08 and 0.05, respectively; both P < .001). No statistically significant difference was observed between preoperative and postoperative AL measurements by the OA2000 (P = .18).

Conclusions:

The OA2000 is the preferred biometer for AL measurement in SO-filled eyes, whereas the IOLMaster 500 and IOLMaster 700 overestimate the AL especially for long eyes, which needs adjustment in clinical use.
Long-Term Treatment With Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic in Schizophrenia Patients With and Without Dopamine Supersensitivity Psychosis
Authors: Kogure Masanobu , Kanahara Nobuhisa , Kimura Makoto , Hanaoka Shimpei , Hirano Hiromi , Iyo Masaomi
Published: June 2022

Background

Dopamine supersensitivity psychosis (DSP) is an unstable psychotic state in patients with schizophrenia due to an upregulation of dopamine D2 receptors induced by antipsychotic medication. Long-acting antipsychotic injectable (LAI) could be advantageous for controlling the dopamine supersensitivity state, but it is not known if long-term treatment with LAI might ultimately lead to development or exacerbation of DSP.

Methods

The present study included 58 patients who had been treated with LAI for at least 3 years, with medical records for the 3 years before its introduction. Those records were used to classify patients as having DSP (n = 30, DSP group) or not (n = 28, non-DSP group). The effects of LAI treatments on the clinical course during the 3 years after the LAI introduction were compared between the 2 groups.

Results

Both groups demonstrated significant decreases in antipsychotic dosage (combined LAI and oral antipsychotics) and a significant improvement measured by clinical global impression-improvement. These indicators did not differ between them, suggesting similar efficacy of LAI for both groups. On average, the DSP group was treated with a higher dose of antipsychotics (1004.8 mg) before the LAI introduction compared with the non-DSP group but reduced them to within the standard dose range (662.0 mg) after the introduction of LAI.

Conclusions

Our results indicated the effectiveness of LAI treatment for at least 3 years for patients with DSP, suggesting that this treatment strategy is unlikely to worsen DSP. The efficacy might be explained by the large decrease in the total antipsychotic dose with the introduction of LAI.
Esketamine for Unipolar Major Depression With Psychotic Features
Authors: Souza-Marques Breno , Telles Manuela , Leal Gustavo C. , Faria-Guimarães Daniela , Correia-Melo Fernanda S. , Jesus-Nunes Ana Paula , Vieira Flávia , Souza Lucca , Lins-Silva Daniel , Mello Rodrigo P. , Guerreiro-Costa Lívia , Bandeira Igor D. , Lacerda Acioly L.T. , Sampaio Aline S. , Quarantini Lucas C.
Published: June 2022

Purposes/Background

The aims of the study were to assess subanesthetic esketamine as an antidepressant for major depressive disorder with psychotic features (PMDD) and to compare posttreatment symptoms among those with PMDD to a sample of nonpsychotic depression (major depressive disorder [MDD]).

Methods/Procedures

This study is a retrospective chart review of patients with major depression and current psychotic symptoms, treated with a single parenteral 0.5-mg/kg dose of esketamine. Depression symptoms were assessed at baseline and 24-hour posttreatment with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. Individuals with PMDD were matched in a 1:2 ratio to nonpsychotic MDD patients from a randomized, noninferiority clinical trial of esketamine.

Findings/Results

A total of 15 individuals with PMDD were included, which had higher baseline depression scores (PMDD = 40.9, MDD = 33.6, P = 0.004). A statistically significant change in depressive symptoms was found for the PMDD sample (β = −16.20 [95% confidence interval, −23.30 to −9.10], P < 0.001), and no difference between PMDD and MDD groups was observed in the matched-sample analysis (β = −2.2 [95% confidence interval, −9.32 to 4.58], P = 0.537). Treatment-induced dissociative symptoms were present for both groups, self-contained to within 2 hours after treatment, and no exacerbation of psychotic symptoms was found in clinical assessments.

Implications/Conclusions

Results suggest a single 0.5-mg/kg dose of esketamine may benefit individuals with PMDD, and the symptom reduction may be comparable with esketamine's effects for MDD. Furthermore, esketamine may induce an antidepressant response in those with PMDD without complication of psychotic symptoms. Future research with controlled designs is warranted.
Application of Bioengineered Bacteria in Allergic Diseases
Authors: Gao Yu-Wen , Yao Xu , Yang Xue-Yuan
Published: June 2022

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to bioengineered bacteria as vectors for the treatment of allergic diseases. The methods for preparing bioengineered bacteria that can express exogenous genes are improving. Research has focused mainly on application of bioengineered bacteria expressing recombinant allergens, hypoallergenic derivatives of allergens, T-cell epitope derivatives, cytokines, or as mucosal adjuvants to enhance immunotherapy effects. This strategy offers new ideas for the treatment of allergic diseases. This review summarizes recent advances in use of live bioengineered bacteria in allergic diseases as well as the challenges of using microorganisms (or their components) in immunotherapy.
Efficacy and Safety of Ixekizumab in Chinese Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis: 60-Week Results From a Phase 3 Study
Authors: Li Xia , Zheng Jie , Pan Wei-Li , Zheng Min , Lu Yan , Li Fu-Qiu , Ding Yang-Feng , Zhang Jian-Zhong , Li Hong-Ying , Rui Wen-Long
Published: June 2022

Objective:

Ixekizumab is a high-affinity monoclonal antibody that selectively targets interleukin-17A and is approved for treating moderate-to-severe psoriasis. This phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (NCT03364309; registered December 6, 2017) evaluated the safety and efficacy of ixekizumab in Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis.

Methods:

438 patients were randomized 2:2:1 to 80 mg ixekizumab every 2 weeks (IXE Q2W, n = 176), 80 mg ixekizumab every 4 weeks (IXE Q4W, n = 174), or placebo (n = 88). Efficacy was assessed by evaluating the static Physician’s Global Assessment score of 0 or 1 (sPGA [0,1]) and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75/90/100 responses, and nonresponder imputation was used for handling missing data. The safety profile was evaluated by assessing treatment emergent adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs.

Results:

At week 12, the sPGA (0,1) response rates were 3.4%, 79.9%, and 86.4% in the placebo, IXE Q4W, and IXE Q2W groups, respectively. The PASI 75/90/100 response rates were 8.0%/2.3%/0.0%, 87.4%/75.9%/29.3%, and 93.8%/82.4%/33.0% in the placebo, IXE Q4W, and IXE Q2W groups, respectively. Ixekizumab led to rapid PASI 50 responses, as early as week 1, whereas PASI 75 and sPGA (0,1) responses were observed from week 2. sPGA (0,1) and sPGA (0) responses were maintained through week 60 in a higher proportion of patients receiving IXE Q4W vs. placebo. The safety profile was consistent with previous studies of ixekizumab in psoriasis.

Conclusion:

Ixekizumab showed a rapid onset of action and high efficacy that was maintained through 60 weeks and was well tolerated with no unexpected AEs, in Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.
Description of nurse practitioner functioning as most responsible provider in an intravenous therapy clinic
Authors: Klemmer Daris , Shand Wesley , Zibell Cheryl
Published: June 2022

Background:

IV antibiotic patients at the Strathcona Community Hospital were previously seen through the Strathcona emergency department (ED). This led to decreased patient satisfaction and increased wait times for these patients.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to describe a nurse practitioner (NP) functioning as the most responsible provider (MRP) in an intravenous therapy (IVT) clinic and to describe the benefits and services the clinic provides within a suburban community hospital setting.

Methods:

Data were collected over a 5-year period from August 2015 to March 2019. Indicators included staff satisfaction, timely change in treatment modality, adherence to antimicrobial stewardship principles, appropriate triaging of IV iron referrals, and continuity of care.

Results:

Results included patients being seen in the IVT clinic rather than reassessment in the ED, which were 23,573; and patient length of stay, with average length of stay being 4.8–4.9 days for skin and soft tissue infections. Patient survey conducted in 2015 showed an 89% satisfaction rate.

Conclusions:

Nurse practitioners functioning as MRP in an IVT clinic improve patient access to services, satisfaction, and provide appropriate medical care.

Implications

The success of this clinical model provides evidence to support an increased presence of NPs as MRPs. A better understanding of the financial breakdown of these clinics may provide additional insight into the full benefit of NP-led clinics on our health care system as a whole.
Lipocalin-2: a novel link between the injured kidney and the bone
Authors: Courbon Guillaume , David Valentin
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) excess is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and early mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in animal models. Elevated Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), produced by the injured kidneys, contributes to CKD progression and might aggravate cardiovascular outcomes. The current review aims to highlight the role of LCN2 in CKD, particularly its interactions with FGF23.

Recent findings

Inflammation, disordered iron homeostasis and altered metabolic activity are common complications of CKD, and are associated with elevated levels of kidney-produced LCN2 and bone-secreted FGF23. A recent study shows that elevated LCN2 increases FGF23 production, and contributes to cardiac injury in patients and animals with CKD, whereas LCN2 reduction in mice with CKD reduces FGF23, improves cardiovascular outcomes and prolongs lifespan.

In this manuscript, we discuss the potential pathophysiological functions of LCN2 as a major kidney–bone crosstalk molecule, linking the progressive decline in kidney function to excessive bone FGF23 production. We also review associations of LCN2 with kidney, cardiovascular and bone and mineral alterations. We conclude that the presented data support the design of novel therapeutic approaches to improve outcomes in CKD.
Higher Parenteral Electrolyte Intakes in Preterm Infants During First Week of Life: Effects on Electrolyte Imbalances
Authors: Späth Cornelia , Sjöström Elisabeth Stoltz , Domellöf Magnus
Published: June 2022

Objectives:

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a higher intake of electrolytes from parenteral nutrition (PN) on plasma electrolyte concentrations in very low birth weight (VLBW, <1500 g) infants.

Methods:

This was a single-center cohort study including all VLBW infants born before (n = 81) and after (n = 53) the implementation of a concentrated PN regimen. Daily nutritional intakes and plasma concentrations of sodium, chloride, potassium, phosphate, and calcium were collected from clinical charts.

Results:

During the first postnatal week, electrolyte intakes were higher in infants who received concentrated PN compared with infants who received original PN. Infants who received concentrated PN had a lower incidence of hypokalemia (<3.5 mmol/L; 30% vs 76%, P < 0.001) and severe hypophosphatemia (<1.0 mmol/L; 2.2% vs 17%, P = 0.02). While the relatively high prevalence of severe hypophosphatemia in infants who received original PN can be explained by a phosphorus intake below the recommendation, the potassium intake during the first 3 postnatal days (mean ± SD: 0.7 ± 0.2 mmol/kg/d) was within the recommendation. The prevalence of early hypernatremia was not affected by the different sodium intake in the 2 groups.

Conclusions:

In VLBW infants, a sodium-containing PN solution (about 2.7 mmol/100 mL) does not cause hypernatremia during the first days of life. Furthermore, providing at least 1 mmol potassium/kg/d during the first 3 postnatal days might be necessary to prevent early hypokalemia.
Pediatric ED Utilization in a Destination City
Authors: Rose Holly S. , Wolf Bethany J. , Pruitt Christopher M. , Kane Ian D.
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Seasonal variation in emergency department (ED) visits has been shown for a variety of pediatric conditions, but previous studies have not considered how geographic location may also influence when and why these patients present to the ED. Our study examined the demographic and clinical characteristics as well as the seasonal variation among 3 patient populations (locals, in-state nonlocals, and out-of-state visitors) presenting to our pediatric ED (PED), which is located in a coastal, destination city.

Methods

This was a retrospective chart review of PED visits from June 2014 to June 2019 at the Medical University of South Carolina Children's Hospital, a tertiary care facility located in Charleston, SC. Pediatric ED encounters were divided into 3 groups, depending on the patient's home address: local patients residing in the 3 surrounding metro counties, in-state but nonlocal patients, and out-of-state patients. Demographic and clinical information was abstracted for each visit and compared among the 3 patient groups. Seasonal variation among PED visits was determined by recording the week of the year during which each visit occurred.

Results

Local patients accounted for more than 90% of PED visits with increases in visits from October to April. In-state nonlocal patients presented at consistent rates throughout the year, whereas out-of-state ED utilization peaked significantly during the summer months, Spring Break, Thanksgiving, and Christmas. Our local patient population was majority African American; our in-state nonlocal patients roughly matched our state's racial demographics, and our out-of-state population was predominantly White. Compared with in-state nonlocal patients, our local patients were more likely to present with an infection-related complaint and be diagnosed with lower-acuity conditions such as viral infection, otitis media, upper respiratory infection, cough, fever, and gastroenteritis. In-state nonlocal patients had the highest average triage acuity, more frequently had laboratory tests and imaging ordered, and were more than 4.5 times as likely to be admitted to the hospital compared with our local patients. In-state nonlocal patients were also more likely to present with a psychiatric chief complaint compared with our local patients. Out-of-state patients had a similar overall acuity to local patients but were more likely to have imaging ordered and be diagnosed with injuries such as fractures.

Conclusion

At our institution, local patients, in-state nonlocal patients, and out-of-state patients exhibited 3 distinct patterns of PED utilization. Knowledge of these trends can be used to optimize resource allocation and follow-up planning, particularly for our out-of-state patient population.
Secondary Ammonia Scavenge With Glycerol Phenylbutyrate Improves Hyperammonemia Following Portosystemic Shunting
Authors: Kortbeek Simone , Gilkes Christy , Khan Aneal , Yeung Alfred K.
Published: June 2022

Portosystemic shunts are used to treat portal hypertension arising from extrahepatic portal venous obstruction. They decompress the portal system by allowing intestinal blood to bypass the liver and enter directly into the systemic circulation. These shunts increase the risk of minimal hepatic encephalopathy and altered neurodevelopmental outcomes in affected children. Treatment options are limited and have been extrapolated from those used in cirrhosis. We describe the use of glycerol phenylbutyrate as an alternate management strategy. A 3-year-old boy underwent distal splenorenal shunt for refractory variceal bleeding secondary to portal hypertension. He had neurologic deterioration and hyperammonemia refractory to traditional management strategies. Glycerol phenylbutyrate was initiated and resulted in a sustained improvement in ammonia levels, behavior, and school performance. This case illustrates the successful use of glycerol phenylbutyrate in a noncirrhotic patient with Portosystemic shunt and minimal hepatic encephalopathy refractory to conventional management strategies.
Barriers From Third-Party Payers to Biologic Use in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Lepus Chelsea A. , Hyams Jeffrey S.
Published: June 2022

Biologic agents are now standard of care in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The ability to use biologics in clinical practice is in part dictated by insurance company policies. There is a long delay between adult and pediatric approval of biologic agents, and these therapies are often denied by third-party payers for use in pediatric IBD patients. This study prospectively identified pediatric patients with IBD who were started on a biologic medication at our institution, and third-party payer decisions were recorded. There were no denials in patients with Medicaid, but private payers frequently interfered with use of biologic agents. Reasons for denial are generally for use of a specific off-label agent or dosing of an approved agent. These denials lead to delayed treatment, nonmedically sound changes in therapy, and increased administrative burden on providers.
Ketogenic Diet and Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity During Tuberculosis Treatment
Authors: Branco Caetano Francisco , Milheiro Silva Tiago , Gonçalves Cristina , Dias Ana Isabel , Brito Maria João
Published: June 2022

When therapy with hepatotoxic drugs is being considered, all other possible contributing agents of liver damage should be held to account. While not generally considered a risk factor, we present 2 cases in which ketogenic diet (KD) may have played a role in liver injury due to antituberculosis drugs. Ketogenic diet has been linked to liver injury, and while its pathophysiology remains obscure, carnitine depletion could play a role, as it is a mechanism of liver damage common to KD and antituberculosis drug regimens.
No Stone Left Unturned: Pediatric Pancreatic Stones Presenting With Obstructive Jaundice
Authors: deVries Jonathan M. , Sidhu Sarah , Kimsey Kathryn M. , Barnett Grafton S. , Wilsey Michael
Published: June 2022

Pancreatic lithiasis, the formation of calcifications in the pancreatic duct, occurs uncommonly in pediatric patients but can occur more frequently with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the major causes of pancreatic lithiasis in pediatric patients, with mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene reported in up to 23% of pediatric CP patients. Mutations in the CFTR gene can lead to mild cases of CF, which may delay diagnosis and treatment. In such cases, pancreatitis can be the presenting symptom in children with CF. We report a unique case of a 10-year-old female with previously undiagnosed and untreated CF presenting with abdominal pain, vomiting, and obstructive jaundice. Her pancreatic lithiasis and biliary obstruction were successfully treated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
Evaluation of In-Person, Gluten-Free Diet Education for Children With Celiac Disease
Authors: Matschull Lauren , Martin Nicole , Goday Praveen , Chugh Ankur
Published: June 2022

The only treatment for celiac disease is lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD), and the best way to achieve adherence is through education from a registered dietitian who has expertise in celiac disease. Education practices on the GFD vary across the world and are not well studied. For over 10 years, our institution has conducted in-person small group education sessions for 1–3 patients and their families. These classes are dietitian led, didactic, and discussion based. Pre- and postsurveys done for the past 5 years showed that families’ knowledge of celiac disease increased significantly and 96% of patients age 8 and above benefited from attendance. These data show that in-person, small group classes are effective for families and patients over 7 years of age. Additional study is needed to compare various models of delivering education on the GFD (especially telemedicine options), their efficacy, and barriers to delivery.
Examination of SARS-CoV-2 serological test results from multiple commercial and laboratory platforms with an in-house serum panel
Authors: Lester Sandra N. , Stumpf Megan , Freeman Brandi D. , Mills Lisa , Schiffer Jarad , Semenova Vera , Jia Tao , Desai Rita , Browning Peter , Alston Bailey , Ategbole Muyiwa , Bolcen Shanna , Chen Alexander , David Ebenezer , Manitis Panagiotis , Tatum Heather , Qin Yunlong , Zellner Briana , Drobeniuc Jan , Tejada-Strop Alexandra , Chatterjee Payel , Shrivastava-Ranjan Punya , Jenks M. Harley , McMullan Laura K. , Flint Mike , Spiropoulou Christina F. , Niemeyer Glenn P. , Werner Bonnie J. , Bean Christopher J. , Johnson Jeffrey A. , Hoffmaster Alex R. , Satheshkumar Panayampalli S. , Schuh Amy J. , Owen S. Michele , Thornburg Natalie J.
Published: June 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel human coronavirus that was identified in 2019. SARS-CoV-2 infection results in an acute, severe respiratory disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).  The emergence and rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 has led to a global public health crisis, which continues to affect populations across the globe. Real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the reference standard test for COVID-19 diagnosis. Serological tests are valuable tools for serosurveillance programs and establishing correlates of protection from disease. This study evaluated the performance of one in-house enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) utilizing the pre-fusion stabilized ectodomain of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S), two commercially available chemiluminescence assays Ortho VITROS Immunodiagnostic Products Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total Reagent Pack and Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay and one commercially available Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test (sVNT), GenScript USA Inc., cPass SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Antibody Detection Kit for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies.  Using a panel of RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients’ sera and a negative control group as a reference standard, all three immunoassays demonstrated high comparable positivity rates and low discordant rates.  All three immunoassays were highly sensitive with estimated sensitivities ranging from 95.4%-96.6%. ROC curve analysis indicated that all three immunoassays had high diagnostic accuracies with area under the curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.9698-0.9807. High positive correlation was demonstrated among the conventional microneutralization test (MNT) titers and the sVNT inhibition percent values.  Our study indicates that independent evaluations are necessary to optimize the overall utility and the interpretation of the results of serological tests.  Overall, we demonstrate that all serological tests evaluated in this study are suitable for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
Polyalanine disease mutations impair UBA6-dependent ubiquitination
Authors: Amer-Sarsour Fatima , Falik Daniel , Berdichevsky Yevgeny , Kordonsky Alina , Prag Gali , Vatine Gad D , Ashkenazi Avraham
Published: June 2022

Expansion mutations in polyalanine stretches are now associated with a growing number of human diseases with common genotypes and similar phenotypes 1–6. These similarities prompted us to query the normal function of physiological polyalanine stretches, and investigate whether a common molecular mechanism is involved in these diseases. Here, we show that UBA6, an E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme 7, 8, recognizes a polyalanine stretch within its cognate E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, USE1. Aberrations in this polyalanine stretch reduced ubiquitin transfer to USE1 and downstream target, the E3 ubiquitin ligase, E6AP. Intriguingly, we identified competition for the UBA6-USE1 interaction by various proteins with polyalanine expansion mutations in the disease state. In mouse primary neurons, the deleterious interactions of expanded polyalanine proteins with UBA6, alter the levels and ubiquitination-dependent degradation of E6AP, which in turn affected the levels of the synaptic protein, Arc. These effects could be observed in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived autonomic neurons from patients with polyalanine expansion mutations. Our results suggest a shared mechanism for such mutations, which may contribute to the congenital malformations seen in polyalanine diseases.
Two major epidemics of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N8 and H5N1 in domestic poultry in France, 2020-2022
Authors: Lambert Sébastien , Durand Benoit , Andraud Mathieu , Delacourt Roxane , Scoizec Axelle , Bouquin Sophie Le , Rautureau Séverine , Bauzile Billy , Guinat Claire , Fourtune Lisa , Guérin Jean-Luc , Paul Mathilde C. , Vergne Timothée
Published: June 2022

The spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses worldwide has serious consequences for animal health and a major economic impact on the poultry production sector. Since 2014, Europe has been severely hit by several HPAI epidemics, with France being the most affected country. Most recently, France was again affected by two devastating highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemics in 2020-21 and 2021-22. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the 2020-21 and 2021-22 epidemics, in a first step towards identifying the poultry sector’s remaining vulnerabilities regarding HPAI viruses in France. We examined the spatio-temporal distribution of outbreaks that occurred in France in 2020-21 and 2021-22, and we assessed the outbreaks’ spatial distribution in relation to two High-Risk Zones recently incorporated into French legislation to strengthen HPAI prevention and control. There were 468 reported outbreaks during the 2020-21 epidemic, and 1,223 outbreaks during the 2021-22 epidemic. In both epidemics, most outbreaks (80.6% and 74.0%) were located into the two High-Risk Zones. The southwestern High-Risk Zone was affected in both epidemics, while the western High-Risk Zone was affected for the first time in 2021-22, explaining the extremely high number of outbreaks reported. We showed that the spatial distribution model used to create the two High-Risk Zones was able to predict the location of outbreaks for the 2020-21 and 2021-22 epidemics. These zones were characterized by high poultry farm densities; future efforts should therefore focus on reducing the density of susceptible poultry in highly dense areas.
Flux syntheses and single-crystal structures of CsNa10
M
4(AsO4)9 (M = Zr, Hf)
Authors: Harrison William T. A.
Published: June 2022

The isostructural compounds caesium decasodium tetrazirconium nonaarsenate, CsNa10Zr4(AsO4)9, and caesium decasodium tetrahafnium nonaarsenate, CsNa10Hf4(AsO4)9, arose as unexpected single-crystal products from the reactions of Na2CO3, MO2 (M = Zr, Hf) and As2O5 in a eutectic flux of NaCl and CsCl. They consist of MO6 octahedra and AsO4 tetrahedra sharing vertices to generate three-dimensional polyhedral networks encapsulating the caesium and sodium ions. The MO6 groups share all their vertices with adjacent As atoms but the As atoms have one or two `terminal' O atoms not bonded to Zr or Hf. The Cs+ ion adopts a squashed octahedral geometry and the coordination polyhedra of the partially occupied sodium ions are variously trigonal bipyramidal, tetrahedral, square pyramidal and trigonal pyramidal. Site symmetries: Cs \overline{3}; M 3; As 1 and 2; O 1; Na 1, 2 and 3. The M = Zr crystal was refined as an obverse/reverse rhombohedral twin.
Corrosion behavior of Al/TiO2/Y2O3hybrid nanocomposites manufactured using the vacuum-assisted stir casting route
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Bhandari Deepak , Goyal Khushdeep
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the corrosion and flexural behaviour of advanced hybrid aluminium matrix nanocomposites (HAMNCs) made with a vacuum-assisted stir die casting (two-layer feeding) and reinforced with titanium oxide (TiO2) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles. The previous researchers have shown that TiO2and Y2O3nanoparticles make aluminium composites much more resistant to corrosion and wear.

Design/methodology/approach

Salt spray corrosion tests were done on the samples over time as well as the pre-and post-corrosion morphology of the test samples was also investigated. The density, porosity and energy dispersive X-ray of the fabricated samples were observed.

Findings

It was observed that a lower corrosion rate of 0.127 mils/year and 0.573 mils/year was seen in the Al/5 Wt.%TiO2/5 Wt.%Y2O3(HAMNC1) and Al/7.5 Wt.%TiO2/2.5 Wt.%Y2O3(HAMNC3), respectively. It was evident from the results that the pores and densities of the samples varied with the filler concentrations and matrix filler wettability. HAMNC1 has the lowest values of density and porosity at 2.568 g/cm3and 9.91%, respectively. At the same time, a significant improvement in the flexural strength of 72 N/mm2was also seen in the HAMNC1 configuration.

Practical implications

The proposed hybrid samples are well suited for aerospace and automobile structural components such as brake drums, discs, engine cylinders and fins.

Originality/value

The mixed influence evaluation of TiO2and Y2O3nanoparticles with pure Al on composite samples has not been studied. This research aims to examine the combined influence of nanoparticles on the corrosion aspects of two-step feeding vacuum stir casted products, as well as their morphology.
Organic food and Instagram health and wellbeing influencers: an emerging country's perspective with gender as a moderator
Authors: Chetioui Youssef , Butt Irfan , Fathani Anass , Lebdaoui Hind
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Instagram health and wellbeing influencers (HWIs) have been increasingly considered as important sources of information and advice for their followers. This study aims to investigate the key antecedents of followers' attitude towards HWIs as well as their influence on their followers' intent to purchase organic products. The moderating effect of gender is also taken into account.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on data collected from 251 Instagram HWIs followers, the authors empirically tested the conceptual model using structural equation modeling.

Findings

First, the authors demonstrate that attitude towards HWIs positively impacts followers' attitude towards the promoted brands as well as their intention to purchase organic food brands. Second, followers' attitude towards HWIs is mainly influenced by perceived congruence, influencer credibility, and physical attractiveness. Finally, gender acts as a moderator, e.g. attitude towards HWIs is more likely to be influenced by perceived congruence and physical attractiveness among female followers.

Practical implications

The findings allow organic brands' managers to understand the key antecedents of followers' attitudes toward HWIs, and therefore, better select talented influencers who are able to create purchase intentions among both existing and potential customers.

Originality/value

This original research bridges a gap pertaining to the potential use of HWIs to shape consumer intention to purchase organic products. To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to investigate the impact of attitudes toward influencers on both brand attitude and purchase intention in the organic food industry.
Founder domination, industry environment, and family firms' earnings management
Authors: Zhong Xi , Ren Liuyang , Wu XiaoJie
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Based on socioemotional wealth theory, the authors explore the impact of founder domination (with the founder as the chairman or CEO) on the earnings management activities of family firms and examine the moderating effect of the industry environment on the above relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the multivariate regression model, the authors test the theoretical view on the empirical data of Chinese family-owned listed companies.

Findings

The authors propose and find that under founder domination, family firms are unlikely to engage in earnings management activities. Furthermore, the authors find that industry growth enhances the above relationship, while industry competition weakens it.

Originality/value

First, by clarifying the importance and heterogeneous impacts of the founder serving as chairman or CEO on China's family firms' earnings management, this research contributes to a fuller understanding of the impact of founder domination on the business activities of firms, especially family firms. Second, the authors contribute to the literature that examines the antecedents of earnings management, particularly in family firms. Third, the authors contribute to the study of the boundary conditions of the “founder domination-firms’ business activities” framework.