bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Weight Functions for Enhanced Image Segmentation Using Normalized Cut
Authors: Subhashree Abinash
Published: July 2024

Effective image segmentation remains a fundamental challenge in computer vision, with the Normalized Cut (Ncut) method emerging as a powerful technique for partitioning images into meaningful segments. The efficacy of Ncut largely depends on the choice of the weight function, which quantifies the similarity between image elements, be the pixels or predefined regions. This paper presents a novel framework to optimize the weight functions for Ncut in the context of image segmentation, aiming to bridge the gap between theoretical robustness and practical applicability. We first discussed the theoretical aspects of Ncut, emphasizing the role of weight functions in achieving segmentation that is both globally and locally suitable. Subsequently, we analyze the frameworks for the systematic selection of weight functions, effective to different image characteristics such as texture, color, and spatial relationships. Our methodology combining color spaces analysis, texture descriptors, and edge information. Through several experimentations on Corel and Berkley image segmentation datasets, including natural scenes and images, we demonstrate the comparisons of the weight functions over conventional methods in terms of segmentation quality and evaluated with standard algorithms like Otsu thresholding and C-means clustering algorithm. Three validity indices have been used to quantify the results and observe the superiority of the proposed model. This work not only advances the understanding of weight function optimization in Ncut-based image segmentation but also offers a practical guide for researchers and practitioners in computer vision.
Retracted
Authors: Retracted
Published: July 2024

Retracted
A Widespread Study of Inequalities Instigating Through Discrete Information Models
Authors: Jatinder Kumar
Published: July 2024

The philosophy of inequalities has profundity been established for explaining numerous optimizational problems encountered in mathematical sciences. The contemporary develpments in computational mathematics have made it conceivable to compute enormous entities articulated in expressions of inequalities. Inequalities in information theory have been determined by the aspiration to elucidate communication theoretic problems. To disentangle such problems, the algebra of information was established and chain rules for entropy and mutual information were framed. The field of information theory participates with a critical protagonist in accepting and enumerating the communication of information in innumerable systems. Inequalities in information theory have appeared as influential implements to investigate and illustrate the restrictions and opportunities in information dispensation. The contemporary communiqué is an accurate step in the construction of information inequalities for the discrete probability distribution. We have prepared abundant inequalities concerning finite sequences of positive real numbers. The exceptional cases of these inequalities are definitely advantageous especially, in connection with innumerable measures of entropies and inaccuracy surviving in the literature of information theory.
Exploration of NαIg-Closed and NαIg-Open Sets in Nano Ideal Topological Spaces with Practical Applications of Nano Ideal Topological spaces
Authors: M. Mary Jansirani
Published: July 2024

In this study, we explore the concepts of NαIg-closed sets (nano αIg-closed sets) and NαIg-open sets (nano αIg-open sets) in nano ideal topological spaces. We discuss their relationships with other forms of nano ideal sets and illustrate the abstract concepts using appropriate examples. This research delves into the application of NαIg-closed and NαIg-open sets across diverse domains, ranging from network security to healthcare and environmental monitoring. By leveraging these mathematical concepts, we aim to enhance anomaly detection, optimize network operations, and improve decision-making processes across various sectors. This article outlines the methodologies and potential benefits of integrating NαIg-closed and NαIg-open sets in different application domains.
A Fuzzy Optimal Base Stock System for Tolerant Clients
Authors: Jagatheesan. R
Published: July 2024

Base stock is an amount of stock that a company requires to maintain in order to handle an unexpected huge demand. To lerant clients are the clients who are tolerant to the company’s delayed supply, who come back to the same company even if their demands are not met within their expected time. This implies that the clients are solely relied on that company. Marketing manager requires to maintain on hand to satisfy such tolerant clients’ demands with some delay, no longer than expected by that tolerant client.This paper diagnosis the performance measures of optimal base stock system for tolerant clients in fuzzy environment. The fuzzy numbers can be modified to crisp number with the help of fuzzy ranking methods. Here the used fuzzy ranking method is prominent for de-fuzzification. The famous Triangular fuzzy number and Trapezoidal fuzzy number methods are played a major role for de-fuzzification. At last, the optimization of base stock is verified with numerical examples in fuzzy environment.
A Study on Customer Segmentation for Banking Sector Through Cluster Analysis: Ethical Implications
Authors: L. Kuladeep Kumar
Published: July 2024

The banking industry, inherently customer-focused, relies on understanding and fulfilling the diverse needs of its clientele for success. Customization of offerings is crucial for banks serving individuals, families, or businesses across various financial stages. Client segmentation stands out as a primary strategy in achieving this customization. By categorizing customers based on shared characteristics, banks can deploy targeted marketing efforts, allocate resources efficiently, and deliver tailored banking experiences. In the contemporary banking landscape, where vast amounts of data are generated daily, thorough analysis is indispensable. Customized business strategies have become increasingly vital amidst intensifying industry competition. Customer segmentation serves as a pivotal aspect of market research, facilitating the grouping of customers based on common characteristics and behaviors. This segmentation enables banks to tailor marketing campaigns to suit the distinct requirements and preferences of each segment. This study focuses on employing cluster analysis, a statistical technique for organizing data points, to achieve efficient client segmentation in the banking sector. Specifically, we utilize the K-means algorithm, a popular clustering method, to categorize clientele into discrete groups based on transaction history, banking preferences, and demographic data. To ensure the accuracy and robustness of our segmentation methodology, sophisticated machine learning techniques like the Elbow and Silhouette methods are employed. These techniques enable the evaluation of clustering effectiveness and determination of the optimal number of clusters. Our objective is to utilize machine learning to identify meaningful and actionable customer groups, guiding banks' strategic decision-making processes. The segmentation approach outlined in this study empowers banks to optimize services and elevate customer satisfaction levels. By aligning offerings with the specific needs of each segment, banks can cultivate stronger customer relationships, drive revenue growth, and gain a competitive advantage in the dynamic banking landscape.
Automated Faculty Evaluation and Ranking System: Utilizing OCR, NER, and Decision Tree for a Web-Based Evaluation System
Authors: Mark Renan D. Dela Peña
Published: July 2024

The Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila (PLM) a first and only chartered and autonomous university funded by a city government of Manila, faces challenges in faculty evaluation due to manual processes. Initially, the manual computation for faculty classification, ranking, and promotion result in errors and extended processing times. The manual faculty selection process is time-consuming and susceptible to human errors coupled with the absence of an automated decision support system makes it difficult for evaluators to streamline the faculty evaluation process. EduRate is a web-based application that utilizes machine learning, including Optical Character Recognition, Named Entity Recognition, and Decision Tree that automates the evaluation of faculty applicants, streamlining processes, improving workflow efficiency, and reducing administrative burdens. The researchers analyzed the data gathered using mean, utilizing the ISO/IEC 25010 standard. The participants were full-time and part-time faculty members from the College of Engineering (CoE) at PLM, selected using purposive sampling. Subsequently, applying Slovin's formula with a margin of error of 5% which was 97 respondents. Based on the summary of findings from a 5-point Likert scale, the research found that functional suitability (mean of 1.87), usability (mean of 1.60), reliability (mean of 1.86), security (mean of 1.81), and maintainability (mean of 1.89) were all rated as extremely to very effective. The research findings highlight the potential of EduRate to significantly enhance the quality of faculty evaluation and decision-making in hiring and promotion. Moreover, this can help institutions save resources, efficiently on evaluators’ time, and transparent reports.
Factored Attention and Embedding for Unstructured-view Topic-related Ultrasound Report Generation
Authors: Fuhai Chen
Published: July 2024

Echocardiography is widely used to clinical practice for diagnosis and treatment, e.g., on the common congenital heart defects. The traditional manual manipulation is error-prone due to the staff shortage, excess workload, and less experience, leading to the urgent requirement of an automated computer-aided reporting system to lighten the workload of ultrasonologists considerably and assist them in decision making. Despite some recent successful attempts in automatical medical report generation, they are trapped in the ultrasound report generation, which involves unstructured-view images and topic-related descriptions. To this end, we investigate the task of the unstructured-view topic-related ultrasound report generation, and propose a novel factored attention and embedding model (termed FAE-Gen). The proposed FAE-Gen mainly consists of two modules, i.e., view-guided factored attention and topic-oriented factored embedding, which 1) capture the homogeneous and heterogeneous morphological characteristic across different views, and 2) generate the descriptions with different syntactic patterns and different emphatic contents for different topics. Experimental evaluations are conducted on a large-scale clinical cardiovascular ultrasound dataset (CardUltData). Both quantitative comparisons and qualitative analysis demonstrate the effectiveness and the superiority of FAE-Gen over seven commonly-used metrics.
Evaluation of Intercropping and Tobacco Leaf Extract for Management of Fruit Borer (Helicoverpa armigera) and Some Associated Beneficial Insects on Tomato in Eastern Hararghe, Ethiopia
Authors: Dabalo Belachew
Published: July 2024

Tomato production is challenged by different insect pests among these, fruit borer is the most destructing pests of tomato. To tackle these problems, the study was initiated with the objective to evaluate intercropping and tobacco extract on fruit borer and some associated beneficial insects on tomato in Eastern Hararghe. Head cabbage, common bean, onion, tobacco leaf extract and karate were used as treatments. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with four replications. From these results, significant differences were observed between treatments on larval population per plant and infestation per plant for all insect pests tested and also in population reduction. Tobacco leaf extract highly reduced the population occurrence and infestation level of fruit borer next to karate and followed by onion intercropping. The number of branches, number of fruits, and number of damaged fruits, marketable yield, non-marketable yield, and total yield also showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) among the treatments. The number of fruits per plant, marketable yield, and Total yield were the highest on onion intercrops followed by karate and tobacco extracts whereas the lowest number was observed from head cabbage intercrops. Maximum yield and yield traits were recorded on tomato onion intercropping compared to the rests of intercrops while the botanical extract comparably maximized the yields with Karate. Therefore, tomato-onion intercropping and tobacco leaf extract were used as the best alternatives to karate, the synthetic insecticides in the management of tomato fruit borer.
Escenarios, espacios y vínculos políticos en torno a los mártires de Zenta (1683)
Authors: Correa Marcelo Paulo
Published: July 2024

La reciente beatificación de los Mártires del Zenta ha motivado el análisis histórico e historiográfico que se presenta en este artículo. Se explican escenarios políticos en diferentes escalas de análisis: global, monárquica, regional y local. Para ello se recurre a bibliografía especializada de reciente elaboración. También se incluye un análisis de los sujetos en perspectiva conectada para explicar el tejido de vínculos que sustentaron la acción de Juan Antonio Solinas y Pedro Ortíz de Zárate.
La restructuración patrimonial de la Iglesia católica en la Ciudad de México, después de la reforma constitucional de 1992 en materia religiosa
Authors: Mutolo Andrea
Published: July 2024

La reforma constitucional de 1992 en materia de culto en México fue un acontecimiento relevante al considerar que, por primera vez en la historia de la nación, las denominaciones religiosas, incluyendo la Iglesia católica, obtuvieron un reconocimiento jurídico. Las consecuencias de este cambio, entre muchas cuestiones, reconfiguraron la economía de la Iglesia católica mexicana bajo un marco legal novedoso. En este texto se evidencia la continuidad hacia un régimen de disimulación entre el gobierno y la Iglesia que ha caracterizado las dinámicas anteriores a 1992 y que sigue hasta nuestros días, cuando al mismo tiempo se desarrolló un proceso de ruptura por medio de la implementación del nuevo marco jurídico, encabezado por las Asociaciones Religiosas.
Sampul Depan, Daftar Isi, Kata Pengantar
Authors: Depan Sampul , Isi Daftar , Pengantar Kata
Published: July 2024

Sampul Depan, Daftar Isi, Kata Pengantar
AI AND PERSONAL DATA PRIVACY IN THE U.S: BALANCING CUSTOMER CONVENIENCE WITH PRIVACY COMPLIANCE.
Authors: Hakeemat Ijaiya  , Israel Adekunle Adeniyi
Published: July 2024

The proliferation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across various industries in the United States has ushered in an era of transformative technological advancements, which has provided businesses with the ability to enhance customer experiences and drive operational efficiencies. However, this development has brought about increased challenges in preserving the privacy and security of personal data in the US. The paper examines the need to balance customer convenience with privacy compliance within the context of AI and personal data privacy in the U.S. The paper also examines the state of data privacy and concerns arising from the use of AI. It assesses the key legal frameworks in the U.S. and their adequacy to regulate AI in light of data privacy. The paper employs a doctrinal research methodology to examine the laws and identify the challenges arising from the regulatory gaps in AI and personal data privacy. The paper finds that there are challenges stemming from the lack of alignment between existing legal frameworks and the evolving AI technologies, especially in relation to data collection, data anonymization, and consent management. The paper recommends the need to reform existing laws to be up to date with the evolving capabilities of AI. The paper concludes that the growth of AI in relation to personal data privacy presents both opportunities and challenges.
BALANCING PARENTAL RIGHTS AND CHILD WELFARE: THE BEST INTERESTS THRESHOLD IN HEALTHCARE DECISIONS IN TEGA ESABUNOR & ANOR v. TUNDE FAWEYA & ORS. IN FOCUS.
Authors: Hadiza O. Okunrobo  , Olaitan O. Olusegun
Published: July 2024

Children have the right like other human beings, to enjoy the best attainable standard of health, which includes access to healthcare services. Yet there is no escaping the reality that because of children’s vulnerability and lack of capacity, parents have the responsibility to act on their behalf and must ensure to make these decisions in the child’s best interest. Hence, a refusal to give consent to lifesaving treatment for the child will not be authorised, even if such refusal is from the parents. In cases of this nature, it has become the norm in most jurisdictions for the State to subrogate parental rights in the best interest of the child, this was the posture of the Supreme Court in the case of Tega Esabunor & Anor v. Dr Tunde Faweya & Ors. [2019] 7 NWLR (Pt. 1671) 316 (SC). The paper through doctrinal analysis, reviews and discusses the best interests threshold as a basis for overriding parental rights in protecting the child’s wellbeing. It highlights the responsibilities of parents vis- a - viz the State in ensuring that the child’s interests are best achieved, irrespective of religious or socio-cultural factors. This notwithstanding, the paper asserts that to effectively apply the principle, there must be a well-established standard of practice that completely overrides parental authority to authorise and pay the medical bills of the child and for further issues that may arise between parents in cases of lack of consensus and proper guidelines for medical practitioners.
NAVIGATING THE FUTURE: ROBO-ADVISORS IN THE FINANCIAL LANDSCAPE.
Authors: Olodude Rufus Adeoluwa
Published: July 2024

Robotic advisors have emerged as a disruptive force in the rapidly evolving financial technology landscape, revolutionizing traditional wealth management practices. Driven by artificial intelligence and automation, these intelligent systems offer investors a novel approach to financial decision-making. This study delves into the multifaceted realm of robotic advisors, examining their development, regulatory framework, challenges, and immense potential in Nigeria. Utilizing a comparative research method, the study meticulously analyzes primary and secondary legal sources to achieve its objectives. Findings reveal that while the legal framework for robotic advisors exists, it remains susceptible to inherent faults and biases. Additionally, the study identifies a degree of human intervention in robotic advisory services, undermining claims of complete autonomy. Based on these findings, the paper advocates for monthly external auditing and independent contractor supervision to enhance investor confidence and security. Furthermore, it recommends regular oversight of human intervention to ensure adherence to regulatory standards. It is anticipated that these recommendations will contribute to restoring confidence and trust in robotic advisory services within the Nigerian landscape.
Editorial. 10 años de la Revista En-contexto: categorías espaciales, ciencias sociales y disputa por la vida
Authors: Lince Wilmar
Published: July 2024

En la edición especial de la revista En-contexto se plasman análisis derivados de investigaciones cuyos problemas tienen como epicentro lo rural y lo urbano y, por ende, atravesados por categorías espaciales y diversas perspectivas teóricas, métodos y conceptos. En una sociedad como la colombiana, las tensiones y conflictos sociales y socioambientales tienen su epicentro en lo rural, pero las ondas de sus temblores retumban en lo urbano.
Case study of the modeling and analysis of heat transfer in a desert habitat
Authors: Abdellatif Oudrane , Messaoud Hamouda , Benaoumeur Aour , Nadhir Damda , Rafik Belarbi
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the evaluation methods, influence factors and strategies of the modeling of habitable heat transfer and thermal comfort of an urban space are examined and summarized in an exhaustive manner. The microclimate affects the indoor thermal conditions of the habitable enclosure, and consequently its energy behavior. To optimize the thermal comfort of a habitat, it is essential to model the solar flux received by the walls of this habitat, taking into account the internal and external conditions (temperature and flow density). In this context, we have developed an analytical model to predict the different thermal exchanges in a habitat of the ADRAR region, assimilated to a parallelepiped cavity. The equations governing thermal transfer have been reduced from thermal balances established at each facade of the habitable enclosure. These heat transfer equations were discretized by an implicit finite difference method solved using the Gauss algorithm coupled to an iterative procedure. The models thus developed were validated based on climatic data recently measured at the renewable energy research unit in the Saharan medium of ADRAR. A detailed analysis of the different parameters influencing thermal comfort in the habitat was presented and discussed. The results obtained in this work have shown that the currently used construction material and the severe climatic conditions represent the most important parameters of undesirable overheating in this desert region. Recommendations for improving thermal comfort in this region are proclaimed at the end of this work.
Amino Acid Composition and Nutritional Indices of Flour and Biscuit from Wheat and Bambara Groundnut Blends
Authors: Adegbanke Omolara R. ,   Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Osundahunsi Oluwatooyin F. , Enujiugha Victor N. ,   Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State,   Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the amino acid composition and nutritional indices of bambara groundnut, an underutilised legume for use both as flour and protein isolate in biscuit production. Sixteen (16) response surface methodology (RSM) runs were evaluated from combination of wheat flour (WF), bambara groundnut flour (BF) and bambara protein isolate (BPI). Based on the crude protein and functional properties these ratios were selected WF: BF (85.0:15.0%, 76.2:23.8% and 52.5:47.5%) and labeled as WBF1, WBF2, WBF3, respectively with WF: BPI (85.0:15.0%, 76.2:23.8% and 52.5:47.5%) as WBPI1, WBPI2 and WBPI3 for blends of wheat flour and bambara protein isolate respectively. The amino acid of the flour and biscuit from bambara groundnut was investigated. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significance at P<0.05. The limiting and most abundant amino acids were methionine in wheat-bambara composite flour (32.73-90.24) and biscuit (58.64-131.36) and arginine in wheat-bambara composite flour (149.50-429.00) and biscuit (98.37-307.50). The essential amino acid index (EAAI) of wheat-bambara composite flour ranged between (57.16- 66.35) and (37.06 – 76.49) for biscuit. The Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) of wheat-bambara composite flour and biscuit were (2.40-2.70) and (1.70 – 3.05) respectively. The Biological Value (BV) ranged between (50.60- 60.63) for wheat-bambara composite flour and (47.17–66.99) for biscuit. Hence, the essential amino acids in the composite flour and biscuit will adequately support growth and development in infants, children and adults.
Research on the Therapeutic Effects of Virtual Reality (VR) Technology on Psychological Disorders
Authors: Tian Chengzhe
Published: July 2024

The emergence of technologies like Virtual Reality (VR) is revolutionizing psychological therapies. This paper provides a comprehensive review of research on the use of VR in therapy for psychological disorders. The review examines literature studying the applications of Virtual Reality Therapy (VRT) in disorders such as Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), and Public Speaking Anxiety (PSA). It explores the therapeutic effects of VRT from three perspectives: enhanced realism in exposure therapy, improved accessibility and convenience, and control over the intensity of stimuli. Key findings indicate that VRT effectively alleviates symptoms such as anxiety and physiological stress in patients. The paper also addresses challenges and ethical considerations associated with VRT, including access to VR equipment and data privacy. It concludes by suggesting potential directions for future research, such as expanding VRT applications to more mental disorders and integrating high technologies like artificial intelligence to further explore VRT's potential.
A Review of Studies on English Pronunciation Learning Status of Sichuan Dialect Speakers
Authors: Tan Jingsi
Published: July 2024

This paper reviews the English pronunciation learning status of Sichuan dialect speakers, including Sichuan dialect speakers English pronunciation problems and the English pronunciation teaching methods in the Sichuan dialect area. By analyzing the characteristics of their pronunciation problems and current teaching methods taken by educators in Sichuan, the author tries to find out the appropriate way to teach Sichuan dialect speakers English phonemes, which is aimed at improving their English pronunciation. There are three main kinds of pronunciation problems in this research: vowels (to have no contrast in long and short vowels, produce some vowels incorrectly as well), consonants (to replace some consonants with other sounds, have no awareness of nasal and lateral, and pronounce some sounds wrongly), and word stress (to ignore and misread the word stress). The author analyzed the cases of these problems and causes and discussed the teaching methods taken by teachers in the Sichuan dialect area. The author also indicates some problems when educators use these methods, like teachers in kindergarten who intend to teach kids knowledge instead of inspiring their interests. In China, most students study Standard Mandarin as their Second Language. When teachers teach students English, they can take advantage of the positive transfer of L2 to help them acquire L3 pronunciation. Hence, how to design the English pronunciation teaching methods based on the Sichuan dialect speakers special situation and improve learning efficiency is very important.
The Creation of the Biographical Style of Records of the Historian and Its Historical Significance
Authors: Hao Wang
Published: July 2024

The ShijiRecords of the historianwritten by Sima Qianis the first of the so-called official histories. Professor Liang Qichao once said, "Before Sima Qian, there was no such thing as historiography." This view is debatable, but it is a good indication of the status of the Shiji. In particular, Sima Qian changed the "chronological" compilation method of the pre-Qin period and adopted the " biographical style", which was followed by the "official history". However, there is still no definite conclusion as to whether the style of the Shiji was first created by Sima Qian or was inherited from his predecessors. In view of this, based on the previous studies, this paper intends to explore the creation of the style of Shiji and discuss Sima Qian's view of history, his historical knowledge, and the historical significance of Shiji on the basis of "the way of heaven" and "human affairs.
Machiavellis Influence on the Islamic World
Authors: Liu Puran
Published: July 2024

People come and go over the course of time, but some have made such a long lasting contribution to the modern society as Machiavelli. Machiavelli, a diplomat, philosopher and politician during the Renaissance, is a controversial figure over time. In spite of his unkindness showed in his thoughts, scholars and politicians around the globe acquire some insights from him. From his book, The Prince, we can find out his idea of power and the influence of some Islamic thinkers, and if we look at some contemporary Islamic thinkers work, we can tell Machiavellis influence as well.
The National Spirit Embodied in the Battle of Shanghai and Its Historical Significance
Authors: Xiang Zhuoran
Published: July 2024

The Second Sino-Japanese War (19371945) was also a page in the development of the Chinese nation that was marked by vicissitudes. During this period, the national spirit, with patriotism as its core, reached an unprecedented height. The Sino-Japanese War lasted fourteen years, divided into the stage of a partial war and a full-scale war. This article focuses on the comprehensive strategic defence phase during the full-scale war from 1937 to 1939, with the Battle of Shanghai as the main focus, and discusses the analysis of the history of the war and the national spirit embodied in it. The significance of the Battle of Shanghai is not only the military strategic consideration of "uploading and transmitting" or buying time for the national industry to move inward, but also the "united mindset" and even "bottom-up" spirit, from officers to popular people. The national spirit of "bottom up" embodied in it provided valuable and rich ideological and psychological reserves for people to resist the war for a long time. The Battle of Shanghai promoted the unity and solidarity of people from all social classes in Shanghai and even the whole country under the call of "resisting Japan and defeating insults, solidarity in the national defense", and promoted the development of an unprecedented new climax of the national anti-Japanese movement.
The Relation Between Architectural Style of Different Dynasties and the Sociocultural Context in Ancient China: A Comparative Study of Architectural Style in Tang and Ming Dynasty
Authors: Li Runlin
Published: July 2024

The Tang empire marked the peak of imperial China as it was one of the greatest superpowers in the world of its time. The Daming Palace that represented the empires authority and strength was also of glory. It was an unprecedentedly magnificent compound built to demonstrate the supremacy of the vast empire to all its people and visitors. Despite the empires mightiness, rising warlords and corrupt bureaucrats destroyed it from within as well as the Daming Palace. After the downfall of Tang, China experienced a long period of chaos and another Han-ruled empire was only to be seen five contraries later. The Ming empire reorganized regimes in China and the Forbidden City in Beijing, which still exists today, demonstrates in silence the changes of Chinese society. From the changes in symbolism significance and more deliberate distinction of the royaltys privilege, as the one chosen by god, from others in the empire, we can connect the social changes with the surfacing changes of buildings. For example, the Ming government had more control at local levels so that they could collect more taxes and nip any potential threat to the central government in the bud. The government also conducted an embargo in coastal areas to protect them from foreign invaders. To eliminate all threats to the throne, the empire set up a secret police force that supervised the society from nobilities to peasants. All these policies lead to a stricter social stratification that was visible through the changes in architecture. The changes in politics and economic aspects such as taxation lead us to one conclusion, which is the strengthening of the centralization of power and an extension of governance to lower levels. And this study is planned to unveil the connections between the changes in architectural and social developments.
The Integration of Indian Christians into India Leading up to the Partition of 1947
Authors: He Zhizhou
Published: July 2024

As one of Great Britains main oversea assets going into the 1900s and with its rich traditions and diversity, India and its road to independence have drawn much scholarly interest. Studies of pre-independence modern India have always centered around the development of Indian nationalism that became the backbone of the Quit India movement, eventually leading to the establishment of a new nation and exit of its colonizer. Almost inseparable from Indias independence is the Partition of 1947 that witnessed the formation of two sovereigns which, in existing works and research, features the culmination of religious conflicts between the two largest religious groups in the peninsula. This hyper-focus on the main players has led to gaps in comprehending the roles of other minority groups that shared the stage alongside Hindus and Muslims. While these groups did not and could not become as politically influential as the political triangle among Hindus, Muslims, and the British, their struggles and mere existence helped shape the political landscape within the region and paved the foundation to Indias path in becoming a secular state. This paper explores the discourse of Indian Christians, the nations third largest religious community, leading up to the fateful summer day in 1947. Using primary sources as evidence and secondary sources as guidance, it examines the majority vs. minority dichotomy within pre-independence India under a hypersensitive religious context and how Indian Christians maneuvered the political waters to achieve social integration. In doing so, it attempts to explore the prospect and methodology of achieving religious coexistence between a religious majority and religious minorities in the nation-building process.
How Do You Know That I Do Not Know How It Feels to be a Bat?
Authors: Xue Yuxuan
Published: July 2024

This paper has provided an objection to Nagels bat theory as the defense for physicalism. Thomas Nagel has used a bat theory to point out the contradiction feature between a scientific theory and phenomenal consciousness. In this work, I argued that what we know as phenomenal consciousness may just be our memory system, which can be explained by science.
Monets Memory of Camille: A Theme-Based Analysis of Monets Paintings
Authors: Bai Yiyi
Published: July 2024

Claude Monet was not only a pioneer of Impressionism but also one of the most famous artists in hundreds of years of art history. Although many scholars and art historians have done a lot of research on Monet, the analysis of the relationship between Monet and his wife from the perspective of painting is still lacking. This paper studies and discusses the development of the relationship between Claude Monet and Camille Monet by reading documents, books and letters, and analyzing the paintings that Monet painted for Camille. The conclusion of this paper is that as time passes, Monet became more and more proficient in Impressionistic paintings -- the kind of painting with painterly and visible brushstrokes, light colors, unusual emphasis on light, etc. He painted more and more Camille. His love for Camille culminated in her death from metastatic cervical cancer, which didnt get over for several years. By studying the development of their relationship in paintings, people can have a better and deeper understanding of Monet himself, his life with Camille, and the meaning behind his paintings, so as to gain a deeper insight into the history of art.
Progress and future prospects in diagnosis and treatment of ASD
Authors: Ni Shengkai , Zeng Ki Shallea
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a combined developmental and neurological disorder that affects a person's conversation, behavioral, and human interaction ability. The article explores the diagnosis of ASD based on clinical observations of behavior and developmental history. It also looks at the potential internal and external causes of ASD, which include genetic abnormalities and exposure to chemicals in the environment. According to the paper's conclusion, early identification and intervention can help control symptoms and enhance the quality of life for persons with ASD, even though there is no known cure or medicine to treat the illness. The research can help identify new therapies and interventions to enable individuals with ASD and their families. Additionally, research can help raise awareness about ASD and help reduce the stigma surrounding it. Together, we can make a difference in the lives of those who have ASD and make sure they receive the care and support they require to live happy, meaningful lives.
Evaluation of gefitinib based on indicators of targeted drugs
Authors: Chen Feifan
Published: July 2024

In the context where lung cancer poses a serious threat to human health, gefitinib, as a small molecule drug targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), has attracted widespread attention for its application in the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Based on commonly utilized synthetic routes, an investigation into various resources led to the proposal of new suggestions for the synthesis of gefitinib. These suggestions have the potential to make the synthesis of gefitinib more efficient, straightforward, and compliant with the principles of green chemistry. Gefitinib shows therapeutic effects in certain specific cases of autoimmune diseases, but whether it can serve as a treatment drug still requires further clinical studies. Resistance to gefitinib is associated with genetic mutations. Such mutations weaken the binding ability of gefitinib to EGFR, ultimately leading to enhanced survival capabilities of mutated NSCLC cells. As treatment progresses, the emergence of resistance presents challenges in therapy. It is hoped that alternative means can be employed to improve treatment efficacy, prolong overall survival (OS), and mitigate the side effects associated with the use of gefitinib.
Analysis of the influence factors of coffee on human life
Authors: Liu Tianxiao
Published: July 2024

Coffee, as one of the world's most widely consumed beverages, has long held a prominent place in both daily enjoyment and scientific scrutiny. This study aims to comprehensively explore the multifaceted impact of coffee on the human body, with a particular emphasis on its influence on attention, the prevention of chronic diseases, and the potential associated risks. This article conducts a thorough analysis of coffee's primary constituents, encompassing caffeine and antioxidant compounds, and conducts an exhaustive review of pertinent research studies. The research findings unequivocally highlight that moderate coffee consumption can substantially enhance attention and significantly mitigate the risk of chronic diseases. However, it is imperative to acknowledge that excessive coffee intake may precipitate issues such as insomnia and gastrointestinal discomfort. Thus, this study underscores, with utmost clarity, the pivotal significance of temperate coffee consumption, laying a robust foundation for future investigations into the intricate interplay between coffee and human health.
A tumor specific Bayesian framework reveals novel molecular subtypes in colorectal cancer
Authors: Han Chenxuan
Published: July 2024

We applied a tumor-specific Bayesian framework to investigate the drivers and signaling mechanisms behind various subtypes of Colorectal Cancer (CRC), a highly aggressive cancer known to have diverse origins. Our approach aims to identify the cancer drivers that contribute to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) within individual tumors. By inferring the target differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with these drivers, we effectively group patients into distinct molecular subtypes. We employed the tumor-specific causal inference (TCI) model to establish causal associations between somatic genome alterations (SGAs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) inside each colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor. Through the process of generalization, we have successfully discovered three distinct mechanism-oriented subtypes of colorectal cancer (CRC) by examining the most statistically significant SGAs and their corresponding target DEGs throughout the CRC cohort. Notably, this subtyping approach stands independently from the previously reported transcriptomic-based molecular subtyping of CRC. Additionally, our analysis successfully grouped patients based on significant prognostic outcomes, outperforming the previously reported subtyping. This research provides valuable insights into understanding the underlying drivers and molecular complexities associated with different CRC subtypes.
Systematic review and extended application of exercise therapy for scapulohumeral periarthritis
Authors: Peng Sichang
Published: July 2024

Scapulohumeral periarthritis, commonly known as fifty shoulders, is a common shoulder joint movement disorder and one of the chronic degenerative diseases frequently occurring in middle-aged and elderly people. Patients all have pain around the shoulder joint, tenderness around the shoulder joint to varying degrees and limited shoulder joint movement. Scapulohumeral periarthritis generally includes three stages: freezing, frozen and thawing. After the attack, it has a significant negative impact on patients lives. At present, the clinical treatment of scapulohumeral periarthritis mainly chooses conservative treatment to restore the joint range of motion, improve muscle strength and relieve pain. Exercise therapy has unique therapeutic characteristics and advantages, obvious effect, small side effects and high compliance of patients. In recent years, it has gradually aroused peoples awareness.This article will review the related literatures in recent years, integrate the corresponding exercise therapy in different stages of scapulohumeral periarthritis, and further expand the discussion on the curative effect of some interesting exercises on scapulohumeral periarthritis rehabilitation for reference.
The current progress of PD-1 / PD-L1 mAb applications in melanoma immunotherapy
Authors: Dang Jianing
Published: July 2024

In recent years, the most serious skin cancer is malignant melanoma, metastatic melanoma has always been poor, and in recent years because of the immunogenicity of melanoma, Anti-programmed killing antibody (PD-1) therapy has become standard practice for many immunotherapy means, primarily the development of the programmed killing of cells 1 (PD-1) protein and its ligand (PD-L1). Meanwhile, nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been approved by the FDA (US Food and Drug Administration), both of which are very active and have controlled toxicity. While some progress has been made, there are still many obstacles to overcome, including patient predictors, innate medication resistance, and other issues. This review briefly summarizes the current state of the available research and introduces the background and evolution of PD-1 / PD-L1 monoclonal antibody in the field of immunotherapy, recent scientific backing experiments, and limitations in clinical practice. It also discusses the relevant topics of PD-1 / PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies in the field of melanoma immune therapy in detail. The shortcomings and issues with the previous research are noted, and the importance and objectivity of the present study are validated.
Synthesis of scopolamine as an effective medication
Authors: Wu Qing
Published: July 2024

Scopolamine used to be notorious for its alkaloid toxicity, but now it is also well-known as an effective treatment of nausea and vomiting and it can achieve good therapeutic effects. It is important to understand how and why it works to optimize preparation methods and therapeutic effects. This research is going to explain mechanisms of actions and extraction and synthesis methods of scopolamine through reviewing various case studies. Scopolamine is found to work as muscarinic receptors antagonist, competitively binding to them against acetylcholine. There are numerous extraction methods of scopolamine, including water extraction, organic extraction, and hybrid extraction of both. Other than that, scopolamine can also be synthesized from cheap starting materials though this method is not yet mature. As a result, scopolamine is valuable for its therapeutic effects, and development of its synthesis still requires further study. In addition, this can also provide a new approach for designing and synthesizing new drug routes.
Reviewing the feasibility for a renewable society powered by photovoltaic boards
Authors: Du Xinyun
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates the feasibility of pursuing a future for renewable energy with photovoltaic boards by reviewing economic and environmental data. Initially, in order to meet societys always-increasing need for electricity, the paper envisions a future with microgrids and looks into the possibility of including photovoltaic boards or lithium-ion batteries. First, the long-term prognosis, subsidies, and initial costs are all taken into account in the economic aspect. In this research, data from NREL and FORBES are reviewed. Secondly, through the analysis of environmental data taken from various research papers -- the production and recycling methods are compared. By combining the two analyses, the conclusion ultimately deems the future for a world of solar energy as practical. Lastly, improvements and suggestions are provided to augment the feasibility of the future that is more dependent upon solar panels which include the enhancement of daily practices, installation, and economic and environmental suggestions for the governments.
数字化背景下护理专业学生心理健康对就业创业教育的影响
Authors: 董 海谛 , 张 华卓
Published: July 2024

本文旨在探讨数字化背景下护理专业学生心理健康对其就业创业教育的影响，并提出相应的教育对策。研究揭示了心理健康在职业准备和创业精神培养中的核心作用，发现在数字化环境中，护理专业学生会面临信息过载、网络社交压力和在线学习挑战，这些都对其心理健康产生影响。因此，加强心理健康教育、利用数字化工具、构建支持性的就业创业环境显得尤为必要。本文提出了一系列对策，包括整合心理健康教育进课程、提供专业师资培训、利用在线平台扩大教育覆盖，以及建立跨部门协作机制等。结论强调，通过这些措施，提升学生的心理健康水平，为未来的职业发展奠定坚实基础。
犯罪心理学视角下家暴受害者后期心理健康建设
Authors: 吴 祎航
Published: July 2024

文章深入剖析了家暴受害者心理适应过程和应对策略的有效性，揭示了这些策略对受害者心理健康的积极影响。同时，分析了家暴受害者如何通过构建社会支持网络实现心理康复和重建生活。采用问卷调查、深度访谈和文献资料法等多种方法，系统地收集和分析家暴受害者心理健康的相关数据。家暴受害者面临着复杂的心理健康问题，但有效的应对策略和社会支持网络能够显著促进其康复，强调了加强心理健康教育宣传、完善心理康复服务体系以及强化社会支持网络建设等对策建议的重要性。展望了未来家暴受害者心理健康服务的发展趋势，预测了心理健康服务专业化、政策支持和资源投入增加以及社会参与度提升等方向。