bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Postoperative CT Scan Provides Prognostic Data on Clinical Outcomes of Fresh Osteochondral Transplantation of the Knee
Authors: Gelber Pablo Eduardo , Ramírez-Bermejo Eduard , Fariñas Oscar
Published: November 2022

Background:

There is a lack of information regarding the ability of imaging studies to predict clinical outcomes after fresh osteochondral allograft (FOCA) transplantation of the knee.

Purpose:

To determine the value of computed tomography (CT) scans to predict the clinical outcome of FOCA transplantation using the assessment computed tomography osteochondral allograft (ACTOCA) score.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We prospectively collected data from all consecutive patients who underwent FOCA transplantation for osteochondral knee lesions at one institution between August 2017 and August 2019. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 2 years. CT scans performed 6 months after surgery were evaluated by a musculoskeletal radiologist using the ACTOCA scoring system. The radiologist was blinded to the patient’s medical history. Clinical outcomes were assessed preoperatively and at 12 and 30 months postoperatively using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, the Kujala score, the Tegner activity scale, and the Western Ontario Meniscal Evaluation Tool (WOMET) score.

Results:

A total of 38 cases were included. The ACTOCA score at 6 months after surgery showed a statistically significant correlation with clinical results at 12 and 30 months. The correlation was better at 30 months, showing a high negative correlation with the IKDC score (−0.663) and a moderate negative correlation with the Kujala, WOMET, and Tegner scores (−0.593; −0.547, and −0.593, respectively) ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

A statistically significant correlation between the mean ACTOCA score on CT scans at 6 months and the clinical results measured by the IKDC, Kujala, WOMET, and Tegner scores at 30 months confirmed the predictive value of the ACTOCA score for use in clinical practice.
Comparisons of Outcomes of Chin Implantation Using the Transoral Versus Submental Technique: A Systematic Review
Authors: Best Corliss , Best Brittany , Choi Ji Yun , Sykes Jonathan , Javidnia Hedyeh
Published: November 2022

Background:

Chin implantation is a commonly performed facial plastic surgery procedure. There are 2 approaches to this procedure: submental and transoral. There is no consensus as to which is the best and safest approach.

Objective:

The objective of this review is to ascertain the risks and benefits of using an intraoral versus submental approach for chin implantation.

Methods:

A systematic review of all articles published in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar was performed from 1966 to 2020.

Results:

A total of 1410 articles were reviewed and 38 were chosen for the review based on predetermined selection criteria. Total complication rates in the transoral group ranged from 0% to 14.7%, whereas total complication rates in the submental group ranged from 0% to 15%. No clear difference in the rates of any specific complication was found between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:

There is no demonstrated difference in complication rates between the 2 approaches to chin implantation. Individual patient assessment and surgeon preference remain the most important determinants of surgical approach.
Trees and forest. Recursive partitioning as an alternative to parametric regression models in social sciences
Authors: Robette Nicolas
Published: November 2022

Arbres et forêt. Le partitionnement récursif comme alternative aux modèles de régression paramétriques dans les sciences sociales. Les modèles de régression paramétrique sont devenus l’outil dominant de la sociologie quantitative. Cette domination n’est pas sans poser problème et de nombreuses critiques ont été exprimées, tant sur le plan statistique qu’épistémologique. Pourtant, le développement de la fouille de données, puis de l’apprentissage automatique, a conduit à l’émergence d’approches méthodologiques permettant de surmonter la plupart des limites des modèles de régression paramétrique, pour les différents types d’utilisation qui intéressent les sciences sociales. Nous soutenons que le partitionnement récursif, en particulier, peut être très utile pour les sciences sociales. En effet, cette approche présente un certain nombre d’avantages techniques par rapport à la régression paramétrique et, surtout, elle est cohérente avec une conception des déterminations sociales en termes de configurations de facteurs interdépendants (et non d’additions de facteurs indépendants). Dans un deuxième temps, nous passons en revue une série d’outils permettant d’interpréter les résultats obtenus par les algorithmes de partitionnement récursif. Ensemble, ils forment une boîte à outils très complète pour les sciences sociales et montrent que le partitionnement récursif n’est plus une boîte noire dès lors que les outils d’interprétation appropriés sont mobilisés. Enfin, nous illustrons les méthodes présentées à l’aide d’exemples sociologiques sur le monde du cinéma. Ce faisant, nous montrons que ces méthodes permettent de traiter différents types de problèmes qui se posent en sciences sociales lorsque des régressions paramétriques sont habituellement utilisées, en l’occurrence l’étude des effets de structure et la hiérarchisation des facteurs explicatifs.
Design and transmission modeling of a soft elbow exosuit using double artificial tendon system
Authors: Shao Ziyan , Xi Wanqiang , Wu Qingcong
Published: November 2022

Daily life would be affected if the upper extremity is injured, especially for people with spinal cord injury, stroke and other neuromuscular disorders. In order to assist in the rehabilitation of these movement disorders, exoskeleton robots are developed. Based on the muscular length relationship and the Hill-type muscle model, a lightweight, soft exosuit is designed for elbow flexion and extension. The exosuit is composed of an actuation box and a wearing sleeve. The power is transmitted from the actuation box to the sleeve utilizing an artificial tendon transmission system. The detailed mechanism design is introduced, and the mathematical double artificial tendon transmission model is developed. Experiments and related simulations are followed to validate the model. The prototype of the soft exosuit is tested on a male subject, and the results indicate that the soft exosuit is capable and effective in helping the elbow joint with flexion and extension.
Nonlinear dynamic analysis of ceramic motorized spindle considering bearing preload and span
Authors: Ke Zhang , Liuwang Gao , Zhan Wang , Haipeng Yan , Zinan Wang , Liqi Zhang
Published: November 2022

Ceramic motorized spindle is more suitable for high-precision and high-speed machining because of its material with high stiffness, low deformation, and other excellent characteristics. The ceramic bearing assembly and support location are critical elements influencing the stiffness and dynamic characteristics of ceramic motorized spindle. In order to investigate the influence of bearing assembly on the dynamic characteristics of spindle, the relationship between preload and bearing stiffness is determined and a dynamic model of ceramic motorized spindle bearing rotor system is established taking the comprehensive impact of bearing span and preload into account. The bearing stiffness fluctuation caused by bearing preload and bearing thermal deformation is calculated, and the effect of bearing preload and span on the dynamic characteristics is investigated. The results show that the rotor amplitude firstly decreases with the bearing preload and span vary, and then increases. The best assembly combination of ceramic spindle is a preload of 400 N and a span of 190 mm in the speed of 12,000–18,000 r/min. The vibration experiments are conducted on the ceramic motorized spindle, and the average error between experimental date and calculated date is 2.49%, which verifies the accuracy of the model. This study lays a theoretical foundation for further investigation of the dynamic characteristics of ceramic motorized spindle and its structural optimization.
Reproductive governance and the affective economy
Authors: Mavuso Jabulile Mary-Jane-Jace , Chadwick Rachelle
Published: November 2022

The governance of reproductive practices, processes, decision-making, experiences, desires, subjectivities, and bodies has received and continues to receive significant attention in feminist efforts to name and resist reproductive oppression. And over the last 30 years, articles published in Feminism & Psychology have made significant contributions to the visibilisation and critique of this form of oppression. In this Virtual Special Issue on Reproductive Governance and the Affective Economy, we apply repronormativity and affect to our reading of 20 articles published in Feminism & Psychology. Collectively, these articles provide a glimpse of the wide-ranging scope of reproductive regulation (including that which is re-produced by/within feminism itself), and the various work that repronormativity and affect do in this governance. The challenging of reproductive governance notwithstanding, we conclude by arguing that the centring and circulation of certain reproductive subjects and their experiences within feminist knowledge production is itself a part of and upholds repronormativity and forecloses the possibility of reproductive freedom for all.
Experimental Evidence on Group-based Attendance Bonuses in Team Production
Authors: Chaudhry Theresa , Tirmazee Zunia , Ayaz Umair
Published: November 2022

We test the effectiveness of a group-based attendance bonus in a field experiment in a factory in Pakistan, where workers manufacture electric fans in stages using batch-production methods. We find that the group-based attendance bonus increased by more than a quarter the average number of days that the team’s attendance target was met. This effect was larger for junior and mid-level workers as compared to senior workers. We find that the bonus incentivized better coordination among workers, especially in the latter part of the month, rather than through higher average attendance. Our experiment’s results suggest that temporary incentive programmes may help workers in the transition period to new ways of organizing production and may prove to be a valuable tool for change management. Group-based bonuses offer an alternative to individual or tournament-based incentives based on one’s own or relative performance, which may have deleterious effects on intrinsic motivation and pro-social behaviour.
Theorizing a Culturally and Linguistically Sustaining School Leadership: Exploring the Intersections of Cultural Sustenance and Care
Authors: Bonanno Sandra Leu , Walls Jeff , Lavigne Alyson L. , Washburn Karen
Published: November 2022

In the current American context where culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students frequently experience schools as uncaring spaces, exploring school leadership that values student identity is vital for providing an affirming environment for meaningful learning. Towards such ends, we echo the recent call for culturally sustaining approaches and explore the role school leaders might have in fostering cultural and linguistic pluralism at an organizational level. The purpose of this theoretical paper is to present a preliminary conceptual framework, culturally and linguistically sustaining school leadership (CLSL), that honors the intersections between critical caring and culturally sustaining theories. In doing so, we discuss reimagined school leadership values and practices that prioritize culturally and linguistically sustaining climates of care.
Initial Evaluation Practices to Identify Young Children With Delays and Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Steed Elizabeth A. , Stein Rachel , Charlifue-Smith Renee
Published: November 2022

This study utilized a mixed methods design to analyze responses from a nationally distributed survey of professionals’ ( N = 1,000) experiences conducting initial evaluations for early intervention and preschool special education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most personnel reported pausing their initial evaluations at some point during the pandemic. Professionals conducting initial evaluations reported various changes to their prepandemic initial evaluation process, including moving the evaluation to a remote format and asking about the impact of the pandemic on the family. Changes to the initial evaluation process were more often reported by personnel conducting initial evaluations for early intervention when compared with personnel conducting initial evaluations for preschool special education. Responses to open-ended questions yielded several challenges and positive aspects of conducting initial evaluations in person or remotely during the pandemic. Professionals in both modalities grappled with the need to ensure health and safety objectives while maintaining recommended evaluation practices. The implications of study findings for research, practice, and policy enhancements are presented.
Fractional-order model and nonlinear vibration analyses of hybrid gas journal bearing–rotor system
Authors: Zhang Chuanbing , Ao Hongrui , Jiang Hongyuan , Wang Yongliang
Published: November 2022

It is important to propose a reasonable nonlinear dynamic model of gas dynamic bearing–rotor system for the stable operation of turbocharger. This paper presents a hybrid gas journal bearing (HGJBs)–rotor system with flexible supporting structure. A fractional-order dynamic model of the symmetrical flexible HGJB–rotor system is established. A tracking–alarming method is proposed to obtain the rotational speed ratio at the bifurcation point. The stable and unstable regions of the rotational speed ratio Ωω for both the rigid bearing–rotor system and flexible HGJB–rotor system are analyzed. The nonlinear dynamic behaviors of HGJB–rotor system versus the fractional order αd and rotational speed ratio Ωω are studied. Results show the fractional-order dynamic model can realize the reasonable prediction of nonlinear dynamic behaviors. An increase in the rotational speed ratio Ωω and the decrease of fractional order αd result in a growth of the vibration amplitude. The adoption of flexible supporting structure is a good strategy to increase the size of stable region.
Use, response and outcomes of second-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced biliary tract cancers
Authors: Mathers Brittney , Abadi Shirin , Davies Janine M , McIntyre Connor , Ho Cheryl
Published: November 2022

Introduction

First-line chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract cancers has been established as gemcitabine and cisplatin; however, there is currently no recognized standard second-line chemotherapy. The purpose of this study is to review and evaluate the outcomes of second-line chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract cancers.

Methods

Patients who received chemotherapy for unresectable or metastatic biliary tract cancers at BC Cancer between August 2009 and December 2015 were retrospectively studied to identify second-line chemotherapy treatments used and to determine overall survival, time-to-treatment discontinuation and characteristics predicting for improved overall survival.

Results

Of 325 patients who received first-line chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract cancer, 90 (30%) received second-line chemotherapy. Median overall survival for patients who received only first-line chemotherapy was 9.5 months versus 17.3 months for patients who received second-line chemotherapy. Median time-to-treatment discontinuation for second-line chemotherapy was 2.0 months. Common drugs used in second-line chemotherapy treatments included capecitabine (30%), 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan (17%) and 5-fluorouracil monotherapy (15%). There was no difference in overall survival for patients who received single-agent second-line chemotherapy compared to doublet second-line chemotherapy

Conclusions

Patients who are fit enough to receive second-line chemotherapy may benefit in terms of overall survival and should be offered treatment with single-agent therapy. Capecitabine was the most common second-line chemotherapy treatment. The improved median overall survival for patients who received second-line chemotherapy may be impacted by independent patient-specific factors which are unknown at this time.
Urban Households’ Willingness to Pay to Improve Municipal Solid Waste Collection Services and Associated Factors: A Double-Bounded Contingent Valuation Study in Harar City, Ethiopia
Authors: Girma Haileyesus , Geremew Abraham , Alemayehu Molla , Mulatu Gutema , Gebrehiwot Mesfin , Defloor Bart
Published: November 2022

Municipal solid waste collection (MSWC) service financing is a challenge for governments in developing countries, with little or no contribution from the service users. In most Ethiopian cities, residents do not pay for MSWC. This study aims to estimate households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for improved municipal solid waste collection service in Harar city. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 331 households employing the contingent valuation method with a double-bounded dichotomous choice format. The hypothetical program works to collect solid waste twice a week, house-to-house, and safely dispose of it to reduce environmental and health impacts. The Tobit regression model was used to account for the determinants of households’ WTP. Findings showed that 89% (95% CI: 85.4, 92.5) of households were WTP for the improved waste collection program, with an average yearly amount of US$12. The Tobit model shows that being married ( β = 6.9, 95% CI: 1.2, 13.7), having a monthly household income of >8000 ETB ( β = 31.9, 95% CI: 22.1, 41.7), attending education about MSWM ( β = 11.8, 95% CI: 5.6, 18.1), having temporary storage at household level ( β = 15.3, 95% CI: 9.5, 21.2), and recycling practices ( β = 5.5, 95% CI: 1.2, 10.8) positively influenced the WTP. Interventions like providing educational programs about waste handling and recycling and providing or encouraging households to have temporary storage at the household level are needed to enhance users’ WTP. The policy implication of the finding is that community contribution through service fees could be a strategy for sustainable financing.
Cultural studies in South Africa, or not
Authors: Falkof Nicky
Published: November 2022

This contribution to the International Journal of Cultural Studies' ongoing series ponders cultural studies’ relative failure to retain a presence in South African academia today, suggesting that local and historical mis/uses of the notion of culture may have some impact on how it has been received in this particular context.
Exploring Successful Implementation of Organizational Supports at the Worksite Environment: A Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Underwood Renee A. , Wood Ralph J. , Tomchek Alexandra D. , Celestin Michael D. , Culbertson Richard , Phillippi Stephen , Broyles Stephanie T.
Published: November 2022

While there is evidence that organizational supports may lead to better employee health, research on implementing such organizational supports is lacking. This research sought to understand organizational supports and implementation of those supports using an Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods design approach. Employee survey responses ( n = 202) were used to classify organizations into “high” and “low” categories for employee-reported health behavior improvement, agreement, and readiness for implementing change. For the qualitative phase of research (organization-level), semi-structured interviews were conducted with organization leads, and data were analyzed through constant comparative analysis procedure. Analyses sought to identify differences between “high” versus “low” organizations. In addition, the researcher used the “high” and “low” classifications to further review themes that emerged, to determine where there may be differences in organizations classified as “high” versus “low.” Study results found the following nine themes to explain how organizations can improve implementing organizational supports: provide a contracted wellness program, formalized programming, and wellness incentives; create a culture of wellness in the organization; provide consistency in the supports offered; provide clear communication to employees; utilize leadership role modeling to show support; focus on leadership support that ensures organizational supports are implemented and sustained; and work to combat employee hesitation of organizational supports. The results of this study show that organizations have the opportunity to improve implementation of their organizational supports by applying the nine themes found.
The past is prologue: Towards a historico-narrative approach at the intersection of historical criminology and narrative criminology
Authors: Bleakley Paul
Published: November 2022

There is great scope for narrative criminology and historical criminology to come together and, in collaboration, find ways for the practices of each to strengthen the other. Ultimately, both have a shared focus: the stories (past and present) that we use to make sense of crime, and the criminal justice system. This article argues for a historico-narrative approach to criminological research, wherein the research conducted by historical criminologists can be augmented by the types of subjective analysis that are central to narrative criminology. Similarly, the analysis of ‘stories’ that is the core business of narrative criminologists can only be advanced by a greater engagement with the concept of historical time.
Caring from a distance: how a COVID-19 visitor ban affects relatives when a loved one is admitted to a neurological or neurosurgical ward
Authors: Loft Mia I , Guldager Rikke , Poulsen Ingrid
Published: November 2022

Background

Neurological patients often suffer physical, cognitive, communicative, behavioural or psychosocial limitations. This may weaken the preconditions for participating in decisions about their treatment, rehabilitation and future. These impairments often cause relatives to care and advocate for the patient. This practice was gravely interrupted by the COVID-19 visitor ban.

Aims

This study aims to investigate how relatives of neurological patients experienced the visitor ban and to identify potential areas for improvement.

Methods

Twelve semi-structured interviews with relatives of neurological patients were conducted. Data were analysed by performing a thematic analysis inspired by Braun and Clark.

Results

The following six themes emerged: Visitor ban as a necessary evil, Losing control and feeling checkmate, Mending the information gap, Waiting by the phone, Empathy and compassion as the core of a good relationship and Caring for a loved one from a distance.

Conclusions

Having a loved one admitted to a neurological ward during the COVID-19 visitor ban greatly restrains relatives and affects the relationship with their loved one and the hospital healthcare staff. Healthcare staff need to take responsibility and reach out, while simultaneously exploring new ways of communicating.
Moral distress experienced by neonatal intensive and paediatric care nurses in Northern Ghana: a qualitative study
Authors: Afoko Vivian , Hewison Alistair , Neilson Susan , Newham Roger
Published: November 2022

Background:

Moral distress has been studied widely in nursing but not in developing economies.

Aim:

To investigate how moral distress is experienced by nurses working in neonatal intensive care and paediatric wards in Northern Ghana and to determine support measures offered by nurse managers.

Method:

Qualitative descriptive method. Forty nurses and fourteen nurse managers working with children in four hospitals in Northern Ghana were interviewed. Thematic data analysis was carried out.

Results:

Six themes were identified: nurses experience morally distressing situations due to a variety of causes; the impact of morally distressing situations on nurses; coping mechanisms of nurses who experienced morally distressing situations; recommendations made by the nurses to reduce the incidence of moral distress; inadequate support measures available to nurse managers and nurse managers experience moral distress too.

Conclusion:

The causes of moral distress in developed and developing economies are similar. The frequency and intensity of moral distress is high in Northern Ghana. Consistent with other studies conducted in Africa, nurses and nurse managers relied on their religious faith as a form of resilience. No support measures are available to nurse managers to support nurses who experience moral distress.
The influence of full leg-length compression tights during treadmill running at race speed
Authors: McManus Chris J , Butson Joshua , Rogerson Mike , Waterworth Sally , Jones Benjamin , Cooper Chris E , Sandercock Gavin
Published: November 2022

The aim of the present study was to examine whether full leg-length compression tights modify physiological and kinematic measures during treadmill running at a competitive race pace in moderately trained runners. Thirteen males and five females completed two 15-minute running tests at a speed corresponding to a recent race time wearing compression tights or loose-fitting running shorts. Running economy (RE) was determined by oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide expiration during the final 3 minutes of treadmill running. Muscle oxygenation, skin temperature, heart rate (HR), vertical oscillation, step frequency and ground contact time (GCT) were measured continuously. GCT was shorter with compression compared with control trials ( p  =  0.03), however, no differences in RE, muscle oxygenation, vertical oscillation, step frequency, HR or skin temperature were revealed. Despite a shorter GCT with compression tights, the findings suggest that moderately trained runners do not benefit nor limit physiological responses at a competitive race pace.
Coaching special Olympics: A scoping review
Authors: Turgeon Stéphanie , Turgeon Jessica , Morin Diane
Published: November 2022

Background

Special Olympics enables individuals with an intellectual disability across all continents to take part in sport year-round. Through its mission, Special Olympics provides a setting for athletes that aims to foster performance, participation, and personal development. Coaches play a central role in achieving these outcomes. As such, this scoping review aims to answer the following question: What is known about Special Olympics’ coach training and practices?

Method

Our scoping review was conducted according to Peters et al.'s (2020) guidelines. Keywords pertaining to Special Olympics, Program evaluation, and Coaches were searched in six databases to extract articles published between 1988 and October 1, 2021.

Results

In all, 16 studies were included in our scoping review. Of these studies, nine included information on coach training and 13 included information on coach practices. No randomized control trials were identified.

Conclusions

There is currently very little knowledge on Special Olympics coach training and practices. Moreover, there is no existing data to support the effectiveness of Special Olympics coaches formal training on coaches’ practices nor on athletes’ outcomes. There is an urgent need for research in this field.
Data collection framework for electronic medical record-based real-world data to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of cancer drugs: a nationwide real-world study of the Korean Cancer Study Group
Authors: Han Hye Sook , Lee Kyoung Eun , Suh Young Ju , Jee Hee-Jung , Kim Bum Jun , Kim Hyeong Su , Lee Keun-Wook , Ryu Min-Hee , Baek Sun Kyung , Park In Hae , Ahn Hee Kyung , Jeong Jae Ho , Kim Min Hwan , Lee Dae Hyung , Kim Siheon , Moon Hyemi , Son Serim , Byun Ji-Hye , Kim Dong Sook , An Hyonggin , Park Yeon Hee , Zang Dae Young
Published: November 2022

Background:

Electronic medical records (EMRs) have the highest value among real-world data (RWD). The aim of the present study was to propose a data collection framework of EMR-based RWD to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of cancer drugs by conducting a nationwide real-world study based on the Korean Cancer Study Group.

Methods:

We considered all patients who received ramucirumab plus paclitaxel (RAM/PTX) for gastric cancer and trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) for breast cancer at relevant institutions in South Korea. Standard operating procedures for systematic data collection were prospectively developed. Investigator reliability was evaluated using the concordance rate between the recommended input value for representative fictional cases and the input value of each investigator. Reliability of collected data was evaluated twice during the study period at three institutions randomly selected using the concordance rate between the previously collected data and data collected by an independent investigator. The reliability results of the investigators and collected data were used for revision of the electronic data capture system and site training.

Results:

Between the starting date of medical insurance coverage and December 2018, a total of 1063 patients at 56 institutions in the RAM/PTX cohort and 824 patients at 60 institutions in the T-DM1 cohort were included. Mean investigator reliability in the RAM/PTX and T-DM1 cohorts was 73.5% and 71.9%, respectively. Mean reliability of collected data in the RAM/PTX and T-DM1 cohort was 90.0% for both cohorts in the first analysis and 89.0% and 84.0% in the second analysis, respectively. Mean missing values of the RAM/PTX and T-DM1 cohorts at the time of simulation of fictional cases and final data analysis decreased from 20.7% to 0.46% and from 18.5% to 0.76%, respectively.

Conclusion:

This real-world study provides a framework that ensures relevance and reliability of EMR-based RWD for evaluating the effectiveness and safety of cancer drugs.
Which Is More Effective for Job Satisfaction, Expert Knowledge or Career Status Through Training? Differences between Large Enterprises and SMEs
Authors: Kato Takumi , Yamamoto Saori , Miyaji Aki , Katsuki Shun , Kataoka Chiho
Published: November 2022

In this study, we clarified the effect of training by enterprise size for the training service (TOSA Marugoto Business Academy Project [Tosa MBA]) provided by Kochi Prefecture in Japan by applying structural equation modeling to online survey data. In large enterprises, expert knowledge that can be used at work had a positive effect on job satisfaction rather than career status such as annual income and job title. This may have been the case as while promotion involves higher wages and greater privileges, in large enterprises, the extent of responsibility and working hours increase even more. Conversely, in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), career status has a more positive effect on job satisfaction than does expert knowledge. For SMEs with a simple organizational structure, job position has a greater influence on work attitudes. The results present meaningful suggestions to enhance the design of local government training services.
Post-High School Outcomes of Adolescents with Learning Disabilities: Using Annual State Administrative Data and Predictive Analytics
Authors: Yamamoto Scott H.
Published: November 2022

This study involved the analyses of extant data from two U.S. states of post-school outcomes (PSO) for students with a specific learning disability (SLD) one year after they had exited high school. The purpose of this study was to fill two gaps in the literature. The first gap was to understand what happened to these exiters in the first year after high school related to employment and further education or training at a state level. The second gap was to demonstrate the necessity of local and state education professionals to use PSO data, which is collected annually, by applying predictive analytics (PA) to support their decision making. The data analyses produced two main findings. One, the strongest predictors of PSO were students graduating from high school and their high school classroom placement. Two, PA was reasonably accurate in predicting PSO and demonstrated robust capabilities for reliable use on an annual basis to support policies, programs, and practices. Limitations of this study related to the data and number of predictors. The study concludes with implications of administrative state data use and PA for state and local education professionals and for researchers.
Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown and E-cigarette Ban on Tobacco and Nicotine Use in India
Authors: Banerjee Debjani , Kaur Hardeep , Bhardwaj Sandeep
Published: November 2022

The global tobacco pandemic continues to cause enormous health burden and fatality, especially in the low and middle-income countries (LMICs), in spite of continuing efforts under the umbrella of FCTC. India, representing a complex pattern of tobacco use, both in smoking and smokeless forms, remains the second largest tobacco-using country. This study was designed to understand the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictive measures on all groups of tobacco users and the impact on the users of e-cigarettes (EC), as a result of imposition of ban. A well-designed, online or CATI interview-based survey was conducted in eight large metropolitan cities of India on 3005 samples (smoking tobacco [ST]: 1,193; smokeless tobacco [SLT]: 966; and EC: 846). The study finds all groups were affected albeit differently The COVID-19 crisis affected all tobacco user segments positively as well as negatively. EC users, unless supported appropriately, were likely to revert to tobacco use after having quit it successfully.
Employee Well-being and the Path to Sustainability: A Study of the Education Sector
Authors: Jadeja Hiteshwari
Published: November 2022

The promotion of employee well-being and performance is one of the key goals of organisations after COVID-19. Nonetheless, the current economic crisis tyrannises this goal, cruelly jeopardising the sustainability of prior decades’ well- being and performance. It is acknowledged that stress is unavoidable and if not managed properly, can have a negative impact on teachers’ health and well-being. In the current research, responses were collected from 512 university teachers to understand the challenges they are facing and the results were analysed with the help of ‘principal component analysis’. Results revealed that major factors contributing to the feelings of being stressed are sense of insecurity due to poor skills, unable to meet deadlines, lack of clarity, violating formal procedures, uninteresting work, poor quality due to heavy workload, fear of losing job, and lack of training and preparation. The symptoms and dangers of stress can be reduced by raising awareness, taking remedial action and engaging in appropriate stress-reduction activities.
Developing a Framework for New-Normal Supply Chain Management
Authors: Siyodia Rupesh , Chakraborty Ritu
Published: November 2022

COVID-19 has exposed the risks of complex and disconnected supply chain. Many businesses have realised that they need to reach a state of greater visibility and agility across their supply chain. This crisis has forced practical, agile thinking, giving the courage to test, fail fast and try again. Digital transformations that would have taken months or years are being done in a matter of weeks. In view of the above perspective, this article first studies the various initiatives taken by companies to make their end-to-end supply chain resilient, agile and robust. Then it identifies various factors for a new age technology that are evident for new-normal supply chain management. Using New Rough Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) approach, the factors are evaluated for most appropriate factor required for implementation.
Impact of COVID social distancing measures on eating and exercise behaviors among a sample of Hispanic parents of young children in the United States
Authors: Vazquez Christian E , Hess Katherine E , McBride Megan J , Cubbin Catherine , Bearman Sarah Kate , Calzada Esther J
Published: November 2022

Background:

In the United States, healthy behaviors, such as eating fruits/vegetables and exercise, are well below recommended levels, particularly for Hispanics. The COVID pandemic may have exacerbated existing health behavior disparities. The current study examines the impact of COVID social distancing measures on Hispanic parents’ eating and exercise behaviors, and how the impact may differ by socioeconomic status (SES) and distress levels.

Design and methods:

This cross-sectional logistic regression study utilized data from a sample of Hispanic parents in Texas ( n = 237). COVID-related questions were collected in Summer 2020. Dependent variables included self-reported changes in exercise and eating behaviors due to the pandemic (i.e. got better or got worse). Primary independent variables included family-SES, neighborhood-SES, and distress due to COVID.

Results:

More than half (60%) of parents reported that their eating and exercise behaviors worsened. Results showed a significant relationship between distress due to COVID and both dependent variables; changes in eating (OR = 1.38, 95% CI [1.20, 1.58]) and changes in exercise (OR = 1.28, 95% CI [1.11, 1.48]). There were no observed differences by SES.

Conclusions:

Results suggest distress due to COVID was associated with worsening of eating and exercise behaviors, regardless of SES. The direction of the relationship between distress and healthy eating and exercise behaviors requires further attention.
Factors Influencing Farm-Level Climate Adaptation Strategies of Smallholder Farmers in Rural Ghana
Authors: Asravor Richard Kofi
Published: November 2022

This study analysed the determinants of smallholder farm-level climate adaptation strategies in Ghana using descriptive statistics and multinomial logit model fitted to a cross-sectional survey of 500 farm households. This study identifies mono-cropping under rain-fed as the dominant farming systems practised and the most vulnerable. Results from the discrete choice model indicate that precipitation, temperature, ownership of heavy-machine, extension service, road infrastructure, distance and membership of farmer-based organisation are major determinants of the adoption of irrigation farming system. The study encourages the promotion of the activities of farmer-based organisations, the empowerment of women and the provision of agricultural extension services.
Land Alienation and Subversion Strategies on Land Rights: Perspectives from Attappady
Authors: Manjusha K. A. , Jojo Bipin Kishore
Published: November 2022

While it is unanimously agreed that Kerala’s development achieved major success in human development, such as minimum social security, food security, minimum gender differences in education, as well as easy and affordable access to health care, the question has not been so far addressed from the perspective of the grass root people, the adivasis. We feel this is high time to redefine what is real ‘development’ through the perspective of the adivasis. Emerging from an ethnographic and oral historical field work, this article examines how the absence of individual property ownership adversely affect the adivasis of Attappady in achieving their favoured development. This article additionally discusses how and why authorities have historically maintained the adivasis as a labour force. The most effective solution to put an end to the land question in Attappady is that authorities need to provide them with Individual Property Right within the Collective Right of Land.
Bubble clash: Identity, environment and politics in a multicultural suburb
Authors: Jon Ihnji
Published: November 2022

The purpose of article is to examine whether the current feminist philosophies in the intersection of identity, politics and the environment can have practical purchase in urban problem-solving. My argument is mobilised using the story of Greater Dandenong, a multicultural suburb approximately 30km south-east of Melbourne's central business district. This suburb witnessed what I call a ‘bubble clash.’ In recent years, Greater Dandenong has experienced an ecological problem: its seagull population has increased, causing community conflicts over how to manage it. These conflicts have been fought between insular, closed (i.e. bubble) groups. One effect of this ‘bubble clash’ has been that it is incredibly difficult to develop a communal agreement between groups with very different outlooks. Feminist theory has, historically, provided significant resources for understanding this kind of situation. In the article, I review feminist political philosophies – drawing on Iris Young, Patricia H. Collins and Elizabeth Grosz – that help us understand how identity and urban politics relate. My contribution is to add a pragmatic supplement to this body of work. Extending beyond the interpretation of multiculturalism in which ‘differences’ in our identities are given an a priori quality, I propose a ‘transitionist pragmatist perspective’ that (a) reframes how we understand context and contingency in the ongoing formation of subjectivities and their ideals and (b) seeks to trace the history of problematic situations specifically through the lens of problem-solving.
How I diagnose and treat atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
Authors: Fakhouri Fadi , Schwotzer Nora , Frémeaux-Bacchi Véronique
Published: November 2022

Our understanding and management of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) have dramatically improved in the last decade. aHUS has been established as a prototypic disease resulting from a dysregulation of the complement alternative C3 convertase. Subsequently, prospective nonrandomized studies and retrospective series have shown the efficacy of C5 blockade in the treatment of this devastating disease. C5 blockade has become the cornerstone of the treatment of aHUS. This therapeutic breakthrough has been dulled by persistent difficulties in the positive diagnosis of aHUS, and the latter remains, to date, a diagnosis by exclusion. Furthermore, the precise spectrum of complement-mediated renal thrombotic microangiopathy is still a matter of debate. Nevertheless, long-term management of aHUS is increasingly individualized and lifelong C5 blockade is no longer a paradigm that applies to all patients with this disease. The potential benefit of complement blockade in other forms of HUS, notably secondary HUS, remains uncertain.
A RUNX1-FPDMM rhesus macaque model reproduces the human phenotype and predicts challenges to curative gene therapies
Authors: Lee Byung-Chul , Zhou Yifan , Bresciani Erica , Ozkaya Neval , Dulau-Florea Alina , Carrington Blake , Shin Tae-Hoon , Baena Valentina , Syed Zulfeqhar A. , Hong So Gun , Zhen Tao , Calvo Katherine R. , Liu Paul , Dunbar Cynthia E.
Published: November 2022

Germ line loss-of-function heterozygous mutations in the RUNX1 gene cause familial platelet disorder with associated myeloid malignancies (FPDMM) characterized by thrombocytopenia and a life-long risk of hematological malignancies. Although gene therapies are being considered as promising therapeutic options, current preclinical models do not recapitulate the human phenotype and are unable to elucidate the relative fitness of mutation-corrected and RUNX1-heterozygous mutant hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in vivo long term. We generated a rhesus macaque with an FPDMM competitive repopulation model using CRISPR/Cas9 nonhomologous end joining editing in the RUNX1 gene and the AAVS1 safe-harbor control locus. We transplanted mixed populations of edited autologous HSPCs and tracked mutated allele frequencies in blood cells. In both animals, RUNX1-edited cells expanded over time compared with AAVS1-edited cells. Platelet counts remained below the normal range in the long term. Bone marrows developed megakaryocytic dysplasia similar to human FPDMM, and CD34+ HSPCs showed impaired in vitro megakaryocytic differentiation, with a striking defect in polyploidization. In conclusion, the lack of a competitive advantage for wildtype or control-edited HSPCs over RUNX1 heterozygous–mutated HSPCs long term in our preclinical model suggests that gene correction approaches for FPDMM will be challenging, particularly to reverse myelodysplastic syndrome/ acute myeloid leukemia predisposition and thrombopoietic defects.
Germ lineDDX41mutations define a unique subtype of myeloid neoplasms
Authors: Makishima Hideki , Saiki Ryunosuke , Nannya Yasuhito , Korotev Sophia , Gurnari Carmelo , Takeda June , Momozawa Yukihide , Best Steve , Krishnamurthy Pramila , Yoshizato Tetsuichi , Atsuta Yoshiko , Shiozawa Yusuke , Iijima-Yamashita Yuka , Yoshida Kenichi , Shiraishi Yuichi , Nagata Yasunobu , Kakiuchi Nobuyuki , Onizuka Makoto , Chiba Kenichi , Tanaka Hiroko , Kon Ayana , Ochi Yotaro , Nakagawa Masahiro M. , Okuda Rurika , Mori Takuto , Yoda Akinori , Itonaga Hidehiro , Miyazaki Yasushi , Sanada Masashi , Ishikawa Takayuki , Chiba Shigeru , Tsurumi Hisashi , Kasahara Senji , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi , Ohyashiki Kazuma , Kiguchi Toru , Matsuda Fumihiko , Jansen Joop H. , Polprasert Chantana , Blombery Piers , Kamatani Yoichiro , Miyano Satoru , Malcovati Luca , Haferlach Torsten , Kubo Michiaki , Cazzola Mario , Kulasekararaj Austin G. , Godley Lucy A. , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , Ogawa Seishi
Published: November 2022

Germ line DDX41 variants have been implicated in late-onset myeloid neoplasms (MNs). Despite an increasing number of publications, many important features of DDX41-mutated MNs remain to be elucidated. Here we performed a comprehensive characterization of DDX41-mutated MNs, enrolling a total of 346 patients with DDX41 pathogenic/likely-pathogenic (P/LP) germ line variants and/or somatic mutations from 9082 MN patients, together with 525 first-degree relatives of DDX41-mutated and wild-type (WT) patients. P/LP DDX41 germ line variants explained ∼80% of known germ line predisposition to MNs in adults. These risk variants were 10-fold more enriched in Japanese MN cases (n = 4461) compared with the general population of Japan (n = 20 238). This enrichment of DDX41 risk alleles was much more prominent in male than female (20.7 vs 5.0). P/LP DDX41 variants conferred a large risk of developing MNs, which was negligible until 40 years of age but rapidly increased to 49% by 90 years of age. Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) along with a DDX41-mutation rapidly progressed to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which was however, confined to those having truncating variants. Comutation patterns at diagnosis and at progression to AML were substantially different between DDX41-mutated and WT cases, in which none of the comutations affected clinical outcomes. Even TP53 mutations made no exceptions and their dismal effect, including multihit allelic status, on survival was almost completely mitigated by the presence of DDX41 mutations. Finally, outcomes were not affected by the conventional risk stratifications including the revised/molecular International Prognostic Scoring System. Our findings establish that MDS with DDX41-mutation defines a unique subtype of MNs that is distinct from other MNs.