bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacterial nanocellulose stimulates mesenchymal stem cell expansion and formation of stable collagen-I networks as a novel biomaterial in tissue engineering
Authors: Vielreicher Martin , Kralisch Dana , Völkl Simon , Sternal Fabian , Arkudas Andreas , Friedrich Oliver
Published: June 2018

Biomimetic scaffolds are of great interest to tissue engineering (TE) and tissue repair as they support important cell functions. Scaffold coating with soluble collagen-I has been used to achieve better tissue integration in orthopaedy, however, as collagen persistence was only temporary such efforts were limited. Adequate coverage with cell-derived ECM collagen-I would promise great success, in particular for TE of mechanically challenged tissues. Here, we have used label-free, non-invasive multiphoton microscopy (MPM) to characterise bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) - a promising biomaterial for bone TE - and their potency to stimulate collagen-I formation by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). BNC fleeces were investigated by Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) imaging and by their characteristic autofluorescence (AF) pattern, here described for the first time. Seeded MSCs adhered fast, tight and very stable, grew to multilayers and formed characteristic, wide-spread and long-lasting collagen-I. MSCs used micron-sized lacunae and cracks on the BNC surface as cell niches. Detailed analysis using a collagen-I specific binding protein revealed a highly ordered collagen network structure at the cell-material interface. In addition, we have evidence that BNC is able to stimulate MSCs towards osteogenic differentiation. These findings offer new options for the development of engineered tissue constructs based on BNC.
Isolation of cells from whole blood using shear-induced diffusion
Authors: Zhou Jian , Tu Chunlong , Liang Yitao , Huang Bobo , Fang Yifeng , Liang Xiao , Papautsky Ian , Ye Xuesong
Published: June 2018

Extraction of cells of interest directly from whole blood is in high demand, yet extraordinary challenging due to the complex hemodynamics and hemorheology of the sample. Herein, we describe a new microfluidic platform that exploits the intrinsic complex properties of blood for continuous size-selective focusing and separation of cells directly from unprocessed whole blood. The novel system only requires routinely accessible saline solution to form a sandwiched fluid configuration and to initiate a strong effect of shear-induced diffusion of cells, which is coupled with fluid inertia for effective separation. Separations of beads and cells from whole blood have been successfully demonstrated with high efficiency (89.8%) at throughput of 6.75 mL/hr (106–107 cells/s) of whole blood. Rapid isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood sample of hepatocarcinoma patients is also shown as a proof of principle.
Evolution of lateral V-defects on InGaN/GaN on Si(111) during PAMBE: the role of strain on defect kinetics
Authors: Bag Ankush , Das Subhashis , Kumar Rahul , Biswas Dhrubes
Published: June 2018

In this article, a unique correlation has been established between the defect kinetics of III-nitride adatoms and strain during plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxial (PAMBE) growth of InGaN/GaN heterostructures on silicon(111) for the first time.
Formation of in situ HVPE a-plane GaN nanodots: effects on the structural properties of a-plane GaN templates
Authors: Lee Moonsang , Yang Mino , Wi Jung-Sub , Park Sungsoo
Published: June 2018

In situ a-plane GaN nanodots were formed on r-plane sapphire substrates to obtain a-plane GaN layers by using hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE).
A H-shaped heterometallic Sn4Au4system with guest-tuneable multicolour and selective luminescence sensing properties
Authors: Jobbágy Csaba , Baranyai Péter , Gömöry Ágnes , Deák Andrea
Published: June 2018

A H-shaped heterometallic Sn4Au4system displays guest-dependent optical properties and its stimuli-responsive methylred-rich crystals are sensitive towards pH variations.
Magnetic field effects in nematic and smectic liquid crystals probed by time resolved observation of orientation relaxation of the spin probe
Authors: Bogdanov Alexey V. , Proniuk Gleb I. , Vorobiev Andrey Kh.
Published: June 2018

The kinetics of reorientation of the liquid crystal HOPOOB in nematic and smectic phases in the magnetic field was studied by the spin probe technique.
The role of the multiconfigurational character of nitronyl-nitroxide in the singlet–triplet energy gap of its diradicals
Authors: Barone Vincenzo , Cacelli Ivo , Ferretti Alessandro
Published: June 2018

CAS(2,2) reference may not be sufficient for the computation of singlet–triplet energy gap by DDCI.
Liquid–liquid phase separation and evaporation of a laser-trapped organic–organic airborne droplet using temporal spatial-resolved Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Kalume Aimable , Wang Chuji , Santarpia Joshua , Pan Yong-Le
Published: June 2018

Using temporal position-resolved Raman spectroscopy, different gradient distributions of two chemicals an different time within an airborne droplets were directly observed, as well as their phase separation and evaporation processes.
The effects of implicit modeling of nonpolar solvation on protein folding simulations
Authors: Shao Qiang , Zhu Weiliang
Published: June 2018

Folding simulations of β-hairpin and α-helix bundle proteins with varied surface tension coefficients embedded in a popular SA model were performed to reveal the effects of implicit modeling of nonpolar solvation on protein folding.
Questions in natural products synthesis research that can (and cannot) be answered using computational chemistry
Authors: Tantillo Dean J.
Published: June 2018

Questions of relevance to synthetic chemists that can be answered, at least in part, using quantum chemical computations are highlighted.
Photo-oxidation of 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol using medium-pressure UV and UV/H2O2– a kinetic study
Authors: Park Yuri , Mackie Allison L. , MacIsaac Sean A. , Gagnon Graham A.
Published: June 2018

Direct UV photolysis is the primary contributor to the degradation of THC-COOH in an aqueous solution.
Alignment of 17O-enriched water–endofullerene H2O@C60 in a liquid crystal matrix
Authors: Kouřil Karel , Meier Benno , Alom Shamim , Whitby Richard J. , Levitt Malcolm H.
Published: June 2018

The water molecule in H2O@C60 endofullerene, dissolved in a nematic liquid crystal, is aligned with its plane perpendicular to the liquid crystal director.
Proteomic responses of carotenoid and retinol administration to Mongolian gerbils
Authors: Bohn Torsten , Planchon Sébastien , Leclercq Céline C. , Renaut Jenny , Mihaly Johanna , Beke Gabriella , Rühl Ralph
Published: June 2018

Determination of protein expression from organs harvested from Gerbils following carotenoid exposure.
A high-throughput multi-microfluidic crystal generator (MMicroCryGen) platform for facile screening of polymorphism and crystal morphology for pharmaceutical compounds
Authors: Simone E. , McVeigh J. , Reis N. M. , Nagy Z. K.
Published: June 2018

The MMicroCryGen allows single crystal generation and screening using 200 μL of solvent and without complex fluid handling (‘dipstick’ mode).
PredCSO: an ensemble method for the prediction of S-sulfenylation sites in proteins
Authors: Deng Lei , Xu Xiaojie , Liu Hui
Published: June 2018

Predicting S-sulfenylation sites in proteins based on sequence and structural features by building an ensemble model by gradient tree boosting.
Aerobic oxidative amidation of alkynes using titanium oxide encapsulated cuprous iodide nanoparticles (CuI@TiO2)
Authors: Dutta Pratip Kumar , Dhar Basabbijayi , Sen Subhabrata
Published: June 2018

A catalyst consisting of titanium oxide encapsulated cuprous iodide nanoparticles was prepared via a sol–gel method using inexpensive raw materials and was harnessed successfully in the oxidative amidation of alkynes via an environmentally benign and sustainable protocol.
Manipulating the distribution of electric field intensity to effectively enhance the spatial and spectral fluorescence intensity of fluorescent nanodiamonds
Authors: Kuo Shan-Jen , Tsai Pei-Chang , Lee Yang-Chun , Chang Sih-Wei , Sotoma Shingo , Fang Chia-Yi , Chang Huan-Cheng , Chen Hsuen-Li
Published: June 2018

We can manipulate the spatial and spectral distributions of electric field intensity to enhance the fluorescence intensity of fluorescent nanodiamonds.
Highly durable and cycle-stable lithium storage based on MnO nanoparticle-decorated 3D interconnected CNT/graphene architecture
Authors: Wang Junyong , Wu Cong , Deng Qinglin , Jiang Kai , Shang Liyan , Hu Zhigao , Chu Junhao
Published: June 2018

A unique 3D porous CNT/graphene–MnO architecture has been synthesized, with MnO nanoparticles homogeneously decorated on 3D interconnected CNT/graphene (3DCG) conductive networks.
Influence of protein corona and caveolae-mediated endocytosis on nanoparticle uptake and transcytosis
Authors: Ho Yan Teck , Kamm Roger D. , Kah James Chen Yong
Published: June 2018

The formation of a protein corona increases endothelial uptake and transcytosis in a size-selective and specific manner as opposed to PEGylated nanoparticles. Furthermore, uptake by caveolae mediated endocytosis does not necessarily enhance transcytosis due to the complex nature of intracellular trafficking.
A scalable on-demand platform to assemble base nanocarriers for combination cancer therapy
Authors: Gautam Milan , Ku Sae Kwang , Kim Jong Oh , Byeon Jeong Hoon
Published: June 2018

An aero–hydro–aero single-pass assembly of tightly-drug-loadable phototherapeutic nanocarriers (NCs) was developed for in situ scalable production, and the NCs were used in chemo-phototherapy to assess cancer therapeutic efficacy.
Visible light-induced Ag nanoparticle deposited urchin-like structures for enhanced SERS application
Authors: Purbia Rahul , Nayak Prem Depan , Paria Santanu
Published: June 2018

A simple and new fabrication method of Ag nanoparticle deposited “urchin-like” structures has been reported by the visible light-induced approach.
Large birefringence and linear dichroism in TiS3 nanosheets
Authors: Papadopoulos Nikos , Frisenda Riccardo , Biele Robert , Flores Eduardo , Ares Jose R. , Sánchez Carlos , van der Zant Herre S. J. , Ferrer Isabel J. , D'Agosta Roberto , Castellanos-Gomez Andres
Published: June 2018

TiS3 nanosheets are promising candidates for future polarization optics applications due to their strongly anisotropic optical properties.
Synthesis of high cis-1,4 polybutadiene with narrow molecular weight distribution via a neodymium-based binary catalyst
Authors: Liu Jie , Fan Xiaodong , Min Xin , Zhu Xiuzhong , Zhao Na , Wang Zichao
Published: June 2018

Complex Nd(CF3SO3)3*3TOP with good solubility was synthesized to prepare polybutadiene with high cis-1,4-unit content and narrow molecular weight distribution.
Dual-stimuli-responsive TiOx/DOX nanodrug system for lung cancer synergistic therapy
Authors: Dai Zideng , Song Xue-Zhi , Cao Junkai , He Yunping , Wen Wen , Xu Xinyu , Tan Zhenquan
Published: June 2018

TiOx/DOX nanosheets are synthesized and used as a novel nanodrug system, which introduces new possibilities to improve the efficacy of cancer by the synergistic therapy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene catalyzed by a single Pd atom anchored on graphene: the importance of dynamics
Authors: Feng Yingxin , Zhou Linsen , Wan Qiang , Lin Sen , Guo Hua
Published: June 2018

The active-site structure, reaction mechanism, and product selectivity of the industrially important selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene are investigated using first principles for an emerging single-atom Pd catalyst anchored on graphene.
Unusual biaryl torsional strain promotes reactivity in Cu-catalyzed Sommelet–Hauser rearrangement
Authors: Pan Chongqing , Guo Wenjing , Gu Zhenhua
Published: June 2018

A Cu-catalyzed Sommelet–Hauser rearrangement for the synthesis of spiro-indolines is reported, where the reactivity was significantly improved by molecular torsional strain.
Hydrodynamics of shape-driven rigidity transitions in motile tissues
Authors: Czajkowski Michael , Bi Dapeng , Manning M. Lisa , Marchetti M. Cristina
Published: June 2018

Our continuum model for a confluent tissue of motile cells provides a mechanical view for the formation of biological patterns.
Fabrication of FTO–BiVO4–W–WO3 photoanode for improving photoelectrochemical performance: based on the Z-scheme electron transfer mechanism
Authors: Wang Ruiling , Xie Tian , Zhang Tong , Pu Taofei , Bu Yuyu , Ao Jin-Ping
Published: June 2018

FTO–BiVO4–W–WO3 photoanode is fabricated in this study.
Realising the environmental benefits of metal–organic frameworks: recent advances in microwave synthesis
Authors: Thomas-Hillman Ieuan , Laybourn Andrea , Dodds Chris , Kingman Samuel W.
Published: June 2018

Review detailing the use of microwave technology for the synthesis and scale-up of metal–organic frameworks.
Coexistence of superhydrophilicity and superoleophobicity: theory, experiments and applications in oil/water separation
Authors: Pan Yunlu , Huang Suichu , Li Feiran , Zhao Xuezeng , Wang Weijie
Published: June 2018

A model of the coexistence of superhydrophilicity and superoleophobicity with elaborate experimental proofs.
Combinatorial delivery of bioactive molecules by a nanoparticle-decorated and functionalized biodegradable scaffold
Authors: Czekanska Ewa M. , Geng Jin , Glinka Michael , White Kate , Kanczler Janos , Evans Nicholas D , Oreffo Richard O. C. , Bradley Mark
Published: June 2018

The combination of supportive biomaterials and bioactive factors to stimulate endogenous progenitor cells is of key interest for the treatment of conditions in which intrinsic bone healing capacities are compromised.
O-linked mucin-type glycosylation in breast cancer
Authors: Burchell Joy M. , Beatson Richard , Graham Rosalind , Taylor-Papadimitriou Joyce , Tajadura-Ortega Virginia
Published: June 2018

Changes in mucin-type O-linked glycosylation are seen in over 90% of breast cancers where increased sialylation is often observed and a change from branched glycans to linear glycans is often seen. There are many mechanisms involved including increased/altered expression of glycosyltransferases and relocalisation to the endoplasmic reticulum of the enzymes responsible for the addition of the first sugar, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. It is now becoming clear that these changes can contribute to tumour growth and progression by modulating the micro-environment through glycan-sensing lectins expressed on immune cells, by modulating interactions with tumour surface receptors and by binding to selectins. The understanding of how changes in mucin-type O-linked glycosylation influence tumour growth and progression reveals new potential targets for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of breast cancer.
Polypropylene nanocomposite for power equipment: a review
Authors: Cheng Lu , Chi Xiaohong , Yan Chenyu , Xie Dongri , Liu Xiaowei , Wen Yinian , Liu Wenfeng , Li Shengtao
Published: June 2018

Polypropylene (PP), with high breakdown strength, low dissipation and good processibility, is one of the most widely used dielectric material for power equipment, especially in power capacitors and power cables. The improvement of PP‐based dielectric material can benefit the properties enhancement of power capacitors and cables, and thus to meet with the rapid development of the power system. Nanocomposite provided a promising orientation to reach the target and recent research approaches of PP nanocomposite for power equipment were reviewed in this paper. In this paper, we linked the nanofillers to the improved properties of PP nanocomposite, and categorised the research works into nanoclay/PP composites, metal oxide/PP nanocomposite, conductive particles/PP nanocomposite, and PP core–shell nanocomposites chronologically, corresponding to the enhanced thermal and mechanical property, breakdown strength property and energy storage property, respectively. Based on the achieved approaches, prospective for future research was proposed, providing a worth‐considering direction for the future work.
Metabolic Power in Team Sports - Part 2: Aerobic and Anaerobic Energy Yields
Authors: Osgnach Cristian , di Prampero Pietro
Published: June 2018

A previous approach to estimate the time course of instantaneous metabolic power and O2 consumption in team sports has been updated to assess also energy expenditure against air resistance and to identify walking and running separately. Whole match energy expenditure turned out ≈14% smaller than previously obtained, the fraction against the air resistance amounting to ≈2% of the total. Estimated net O2 consumption and overall energy expenditure are fairly close to those measured by means of a portable metabolic cart; the average difference, after a 45 min exercise period of variable intensity and mode, amounting to ≈10%. Aerobic and anaerobic energy yields, metabolic power, energy expenditure and duration of High (HI) and Low (LI) intensity bouts can also be estimated. Indeed, data on 497 soccer players during the 2014/2015 Italian "Serie A" show that the number of HI efforts decreased from the first to the last 15-min periods of the match, without substantial changes in mean metabolic power (≈22 W·kg−1) and duration (≈6.5 s). On the contrary, mean metabolic power of the LI decreased (5.8 to 4.8 W·kg−1), mainly because of a longer duration thereof, thus underscoring the need for longer recovery periods between HI.
Extrakorporale Membranoxygenierung in der Thoraxchirurgie – Lungentransplantation
Authors: Aigner Clemens , Slama Alexis , Valdivia Daniel
Published: June 2018

Die extrakorporale Membranoxygenierung (ECMO) hat sich zu einem Standardverfahren in der Thoraxchirurgie entwickelt. Vor allem im Bereich der Lungentransplantation haben aktuelle Entwicklungen zu einer weiten Verbreitung beigetragen. Die ECMO wird zum einen zunehmend zur Überbrückung zur Transplantation angewandt, wobei die besten Ergebnisse in diesem Setting mit wachen Patienten erzielt werden. Zum anderen hat die ECMO die konventionelle Herz-Lungen-Maschine zur intraoperativen Unterstützung während der Lungentransplantation in den meisten Zentren abgelöst und wird weiterhin zur Behandlung und Prävention des primären Graftversagens eingesetzt. Verbesserungen der Technik, der Methode und des Kanülendesigns erlauben mittlerweile eine höchst individualisierte Anwendung, angepasst an die respiratorische und hämodynamische Situation sowie an die zu erwartende Therapiedauer.
Synthesis of Enhanced, Isolable Disulfanium Salts and their Application to Thiiranium-Promoted Polyene Cyclizations
Authors: Snyder Scott , Cole Charles , Chi Hyung , DeBacker Kenneth
Published: June 2018

Although electrophile-promoted polyene cyclizations have long been a mainstay transformation for the rapid and stereocontrolled preparation of varied natural products and designed molecules, efforts to effect sulfur-promoted variants have arguably lagged behind other counterparts. This state of affairs is particularly true with alkyl sulfide-based electrophiles, even in racemic variants. Herein, building on previously reported discoveries, is described a distinct and modular method to prepare a range of isolable alkyl and aryl disulfanium salts that can affect thiiranium-based polyene cyclizations in moderate to good yields. In most of the substrates probed, these reagents provide superior yields to previously reported alternatives. In addition, initial efforts to develop an asymmetric variant of the process through the use of chiral versions of these reagents are discussed.
Morphology of the Left Atrial Appendage: Prevalence and Gender Difference in a Kenyan Population
Authors: Mumin A. , Olabu B. , Kaisha W. , Saidi H. , Ogeng'o J.
Published: June 2018

Introduction The left atrial appendage is the site of origin of thrombi in 90% of cardioembolic stroke. Although literature reports a higher risk of cardioembolic stroke among blacks and females, it is unclear whether this is due to preponderance of specific left atrial appendage morphologies in these groups since there is paucity of data. This study describes the left atrial appendage morphology in a Black Kenyan population and assesses for existence of gender differences.

Materials and Methods Ninety one (91) human hearts (50 male and 41 female) were obtained from autopsy specimens after ethical approval. The morphological types of the left atrial appendage were determined and classified as cauliflower, Windsock, Chickenwing and cactus. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The frequencies of the morphological types was determined and Chi square applied to check for gender differences. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% confidence interval.

Results and Conclusion There were 27 cauliflower (29.7%), 26 Windsock (28.6%), 25 Chickenwing (27.4%) and 9 cactus (14.3%) morphological types of left atrial appendage. Cauliflower and cactus types were more prevalent in males, while Windsock and Chickenwing types were more prevalent in females (p = 0.537). There are no statistically significant gender differences in the left atrial appendage morphology types in this sample black Kenyan population. The higher frequency of both the risky cauliflower and the protective Chickenwing morphologies warrants assessment of left atrial appendage morphological types in management of high risk cardioembolic stroke patients in this setting.
The Influence of Physical Activity on Functional Performance and Urinary Incontinence in Elderly Women
Authors: Magaldi C.M. , Saraiva A. , Franciulli P.M. , Magaldi F.M. , Moreno M. , Miranda M.L.J. , Maifrino L.B.M.
Published: June 2018

Introduction Urinary incontinence (UI) is the involuntary urine loss, with the prevalence of 17% to 24% in women over 65 years-old. It has a multifactorial cause, being a condition that affects many people in all ages mainly postmenopausal women, it is also found in athlete women who have a high level of training associated mainly to high impact activities.

Objective The aim of this study is to conduct a literature review that relates the influence of physical activity on functional performance and on UI among women on the stage of aging.

Method The bibliographical review was done in Medline, Scielo, Pubmed and SportsDisco databases using the keywords physical activity or exercise, postmenopause or aging and urinary incontinence and stress urinary incontinence.

Conclusion Elderly women engaged in a regular exercise program have a lower incidence of UI.
30.3.2.2 1,3-Dithietanes (Update 2018)
Authors: Luh T.-Y. , Leung M.-k. , Chou C.-M.
Published: June 2018

This section is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (30.3.2) describing the synthesis of 1,3-dithietanes. The preparation of symmetrical dithietanes by dimerization of various thiocarbonyl compounds and of unsymmetrical dithietanes from thioketones and imines, or from aldehydes and carbon disulfide is discussed.
2.5.1 Homogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carboxylic Acids, Anhydrides, Esters, Amides, and Acid Chlorides
Authors: Shi Y. , Cole-Hamilton D. J. , Kamer P. C. J.
Published: June 2018

The homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of carboxylic acids and their derivatives, such as esters, amides, and anhydrides, is a fundamental reaction of potential importance for the synthesis of important organic building blocks in the polymer and pharmaceutical industries. The corresponding alcohols, amines, or aldehydes can be obtained by using various metal/ligand systems together with molecular hydrogen.
Comment on “Higher order reentrant post modes in cylindrical cavities” [J. Appl. Phys. 122, 144501 (2017)]
Authors: Belomestnykh S.
Published: June 2018

A recent article [McAlister et al., J. Appl. Phys. 122, 144501 (2017)] claims to show the existence of “new” higher order reentrant post modes. Indeed, such modes do exist and are known to scientists and engineers for a very long time as modes of a foreshortened quarter-wave coaxial resonator. It is a textbook problem. In this comment, I briefly review the higher order modes in such cavities and provide relevant references.
Response to “Comment on ‘Higher order reentrant post modes in cylindrical cavities’” [J. Appl. Phys. 123, 226101 (2018)]
Authors: McAllister Ben T. , Tobar Michael E.
Published: June 2018

We recently rigorously described using finite element analysis a cylindrical cavity resonator, with a cylindrical post inserted along the central axis. Such a cavity has a well known reentrant mode where an Ez field exists in the gap between the lid and the post. In McAllister et al., J. App. Phys. 122, 144501 (2017), we rigorously analysed higher order modes with similar characteristics to the well known reentrant mode, which we dubbed “higher order re-entrant post modes.” The author claims in S. Belomestnykh, J. Appl. Phys. 123, 226101 (2018) that these modes have been described before as foreshortened quarter-wave resonators. We discuss the differences between the results of rigorous finite element modelling and the model proposed in the comment and show that the proposed description is a crude non-Maxwellian model, only approximately valid in a finite region of the cavity tuning range with on average ∼9.6% agreement with experimental frequencies for the first higher order mode. The model assumes simple electromagnetic field patterns which do not satisfy Maxwell's equations, and we show that they vary significantly from the rigorous analysis based on Maxwell's equations. The foreshortened quarter-wave resonator model cannot be used to accurately calculate geometry factors or other factors that require precise knowledge of the fields, such as those computed in the design of cavities for axion experiments. We conclude that the reentrant mode description in the paper is favourable.
Anatase TiO2-based two-dimensional electron gases generated by low-energy argon-ion irradiation
Authors: Yan Xi , Zhang Hongrui , Zhang Hui , Khan Tahira , Zhang Jine , Liu Yao , Han Furong , Chen Xiaobing , Zuo Shulan , Zhu Zhaozhao , Hu Fengxia , Shen Baogen , Sun Jirong
Published: June 2018

Two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) has abundant properties, which motivate not only fundamental physical interest but also concepts for device designing. While most of the reported 2DEGs are based on SrTiO3, here we report on a systematic investigation on anatase TiO2-based 2DEG generated by ion irradiation. By irradiating the surface layer of the anatase TiO2 films with appropriate argon ion beams, we gained the 2DEGs with a thickness of 4 nm. Unique transport behaviours of a T−1/3 or ln(1/T) sheet resistance dependence below 100 K are observed depending on irradiation time. Unusually large positive MR is observed for which the magnetic field causes a strong shrinkage of electron wave functions, and fairly large negative MR is detected in the 2DEG, arising from the depression of magnetic scattering.
Letter: Görtler-like vortices in an impinging shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction flow
Authors: Zhuang Yi , Tan Hui-jun , Li Xin , Sheng Fa-jia , Zhang Yu-chao
Published: June 2018

Görtler-like vortices (GLVs) are ubiquitous in supersonic flows and have a significant influence on the local flow. However, the existence of these streamwise vortices in impinging shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction (ISTBLI) has been a topic in dispute for decades. By the ice-cluster based planar laser scattering technique and a simplified aerodynamic model, we obtain and analyze high-resolution images acquired at two orthogonal planes. The results support the presence of GLVs in the ISTBLI flow. A possible mechanism of their generation is provided.
Strain-induced modulation of near-field radiative transfer
Authors: Ghanekar Alok , Ricci Matthew , Tian Yanpei , Gregory Otto , Zheng Yi
Published: June 2018

In this theoretical study, we present a near-field thermal modulator that exhibits change in radiative heat transfer when subjected to mechanical stress/strain. The device has two terminals at different temperatures separated by vacuum: one fixed and one stretchable. The stretchable side contains one-dimensional grating. When subjected to mechanical strain, the effective optical properties of the stretchable side are affected upon deformation of the grating. This results in modulation of surface waves across the interfaces influencing near-field radiative heat transfer. We show that for a separation of 100 nm, it is possible to achieve 25% change in radiative heat transfer for a strain of 10%.
New Products
Authors: Mandelis Andreas
Published: June 2018

In order to supplement manufacturers’ information, this Department will welcome the submission by our readers of brief communications reporting measurements on the physical properties of materials which supersede earlier data or suggest new research applications.
Schoenus rupicola: a narrowly endemic species distinguished from S. melanostachys (Cyperaceae, Schoeneae) in eastern Australia
Authors: Musili Paul M. , Bruhl Jeremy J. , Wilson Karen L.
Published: June 2018

Widespread, common species are of limited value for regional biogeographic studies and of least concern for conservation and land management. In contrast, narrow endemics may be informative for such studies and are usually of high conservation priority. A new species is separated from the widespread species Schoenus melanostachys on the basis of phenetic analysis of morphological data, and integrating evidence from culm anatomy, culm and fruit ornamentation, and corroborated by ecological differentiation. Schoenus rupicola Musili & J.J.Bruhl is found on acid volcanics of south-eastern Queensland and north-eastern New South Wales, adding yet another narrow endemic to the suite of species that characterises the McPherson Range and associated igneous outcrops.
A quadratic piezoelectric multi-layer shell element for FE analysis of smart laminated composite plates induced by MFC actuators
Authors: Gohery Scott , Sharifi Shokrollah , Abadi Rouzbeh , Izadifar Mohammadreza , Burvill Colin , Vrcelj Zora
Published: June 2018

Macro fiber composite (MFC) actuators developed by the NASA have been increasingly used in engineering structures due to their high actuation power, compatibility, and flexibility. In this study, an efficient two dimensional quadratic multi-layer shell element by using first order shear deformation theory (FOSDT) is developed to predict the linear strain–displacement static deformation of laminated composite plates induced by MFC actuators. FOSDT is adapted from the Reissner–Mindlin plate theory. An eight-node quadratic piezoelectric multi-layer shell element with five degrees of freedom is introduced to prevent locking effect and zero energy modes observed in nine-node degenerated shell element. Two types of MFC actuators are used: (1) MFC-d
31 and (2) MFC-d
33, which differ in their actuation forces. For result verification, the electro-mechanically coupled quadratic finite element (FE) model is compared with the ABAQUS results in various examples. Comparison of the results showed good agreement. The proposed quadratic FE formulation is simple and accurate, which eliminates the need for costly FE commercial software packages. It was observed that earlier studies have mostly emphasized on the effect of actuation power and MFC fiber orientations on mechanical shape deformation of smart composite plates. In this study, a more comprehensive, in-depth investigation is conducted into host structure performance such as boundary conditions, laminate stacking sequence configuration, and symmetry/asymmetry layups.
Using tree-based methods for detection of gene–gene interactions in the presence of a polygenic signal: simulation study with application to educational attainment in the Generation Scotland Cohort Study
Authors: Meijsen Joeri J , Rammos Alexandros , Campbell Archie , Hayward Caroline , Porteous David J , Deary Ian J , Marioni Riccardo E , Nicodemus Kristin K
Published: June 2018

Motivation

The genomic architecture of human complex diseases is thought to be attributable to single markers, polygenic components and epistatic components. No study has examined the ability of tree-based methods to detect epistasis in the presence of a polygenic signal. We sought to apply decision tree-based methods, C5.0 and logic regression, to detect epistasis under several simulated conditions, varying strength of interaction and linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure. We then applied the same methods to the phenotype of educational attainment in a large population cohort.

Results

LD pruning improved the power and reduced the type I error. C5.0 had a conservative type I error rate whereas logic regression had a type I error rate that exceeded 5%. Despite the more conservative type I error, C5.0 was observed to have higher power than logic regression across several conditions. In the presence of a polygenic signal, power was generally reduced. Applying both methods on educational attainment in a large population cohort yielded numerous interacting SNPs; notably a SNP in RCAN3 which is associated with reading and spelling and a SNP in NPAS3, a neurodevelopmental gene.

Availability and implementation

All methods used are implemented and freely available in R.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
HUME: large-scale detection of causal genetic factors of adverse drug reactions
Authors: Mansouri Mehrdad , Yuan Bowei , Ross Colin J D , Carleton Bruce C , Ester Martin
Published: June 2018

Motivation

Adverse drug reactions are one of the major factors that affect the wellbeing of patients and financial costs of healthcare systems. Genetic variations of patients have been shown to be a key factor in the occurrence and severity of many ADRs. However, the large number of confounding drugs and genetic biomarkers for each adverse reaction case demands a method that evaluates all potential genetic causes of ADRs simultaneously.

Results

To address this challenge, we propose HUME, a multi-phase algorithm that recommends genetic factors for ADRs that are causally supported by the patient record data. HUME consists of the construction of a network from co-prevalence between significant genetic biomarkers and ADRs, a link score phase for predicting candidate relations based on the Adamic-Adar measure, and a causal refinement phase based on multiple hypothesis testing of quasi experimental designs for evaluating evidence and counter evidence of candidate relations in the patient records.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
htsget: a protocol for securely streaming genomic data
Authors: Kelleher Jerome , Lin Mike , Albach C H , Birney Ewan , Davies Robert , Gourtovaia Marina , Glazer David , Gonzalez Cristina Y , Jackson David K , Kemp Aaron , Marshall John , Nowak Andrew , Senf Alexander , Tovar-Corona Jaime M , Vikhorev Alexander , Keane Thomas M ,   GA4GH Streaming Task Team, Baker Dixie , Zalunin Vadim , Pizarro Angel , Durbin Richard , Diekhans Mark , Begoli Edmon , Tulchinsky Ilia , Li Heng , Nag Rishi , Keenan Stephen , Lappalainen Ilkka , Robinson Jim
Published: June 2018

Standardized interfaces for efficiently accessing high-throughput sequencing data are a fundamental requirement for large-scale genomic data sharing. We have developed htsget, a protocol for secure, efficient and reliable access to sequencing read and variation data. We demonstrate four independent client and server implementations, and the results of a comprehensive interoperability demonstration.

Availability and implementation

http://samtools.github.io/hts-specs/htsget.html

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Effects of systemic medication on root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review of animal studies
Authors: Makrygiannakis Miltiadis A , Kaklamanos Eleftherios G , Athanasiou Athanasios E
Published: June 2018

Background

Theoretically, root resorption could be modulated by any medication taken that exhibits possible effects on the implicated molecular pathways.

Objectives

To systematically investigate and appraise the quality of the available evidence from animal studies, regarding the effect of commonly prescribed systemic medication on root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement.

Search methods

Search without restrictions in eight databases (PubMed, Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Arab World Research Source, ClinicalTrials.gov, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global) and hand searching until April 2018 took place. One author developed detailed search strategies for each database that were based on the PubMed strategy and adapted accordingly.

Selection criteria

Controlled studies investigating the effect of systemic medications on root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement.

Data collection and analysis

Following study retrieval and selection, relevant data were extracted and the risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE’s Risk of Bias Tool.

Results

Twenty-one studies were finally identified, most of which at unclear risk of bias. Root resorption was shown to increase in Vitamin C treated animals in comparison with the control group, whereas a comparative decrease was noted after the administration of the alendronate, ibuprofen, growth hormone, low doses of meloxicam, simvastatin, lithium chloride and strontium ranelate. No difference was noted for acetaminophen, aspirin, fluoxetine, atorvastatin, misoprostol, zoledronic acid and zinc. Finally, inconsistent effects were observed after the administration of celecoxib, prednisolone and L-thyroxine. The quality of the available evidence was considered at best as low.

Conclusions

The pharmaceutical substances investigated were shown to exhibit variable effects on root resorption. Although the overall quality of evidence provides the clinician with a cautious perspective on the strength of the relevant recommendations, good practice would suggest that it is important to identify patients consuming medications and consider the possible implications.

Registration

PROSPERO (CRD42017078208)
Better Off Alone: Daily Solitude Is Associated With Lower Negative Affect in More Conflictual Social Networks
Authors: Birditt Kira S , Manalel Jasmine A , Sommers Heidi , Luong Gloria , Fingerman Karen L
Published: June 2018

Background and Objectives

Older adults are often considered at risk for social isolation. Little is known, however, about how often older adults lack social contact (in person, phone, electronic) throughout the day, the implications of lacking contact (i.e., solitude), and whether the effects of solitude vary by the broader social context.

Research Design and Methods

Participants were from the Daily Experiences and Well-being Study (DEWS) which included 313 older adults (aged 65+) who completed baseline interviews followed by 5–6 days of ecological momentary assessments approximately every 3 hr.

Results

Individuals reported having no social contact (i.e., solitude) on 11% of the occasions. Solitude predicted lower negative and positive affect on those occasions. The solitude-negative affect link varied by social network quality. Solitude predicted lower negative affect among individuals with more conflictual social networks but not among those with less conflictual networks.

Discussion and Implications

Overall, solitude may serve as an adaptive strategy for individuals embedded in demanding or irritating social contexts.
Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Niaudet Patrick , Meyrier Alain
Published: June 2018

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is defined by the combination of massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia, hyperlipidaemia, and oedema, and of non-specific histological abnormalities of the glomeruli. Light microscopy may disclose minimal change disease, diffuse mesangial proliferation, or focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS). The two main causes of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome are characterized histologically. On electron microscopy the glomerular capillaries show a fusion of visceral epithelial cell (podocyte) foot processes and with the exception of some variants no significant deposits of immunoglobulins or complement by immunofluorescence.
In a majority of children only minimal changes are seen on light microscopy. These children are referred to as having ‘minimal change disease’. In adults with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, lesions of FSGS are more frequent.
Other consequences from monoclonal immunoglobulins/fragments
Authors: Fervenza Fernando C. , De Vincent Rajkumar An S. , De Vriese An S. , Sethi Sanjeev
Published: June 2018

Renal damage secondary to deposition of monoclonal immunoglobulin can occur due to accumulation of either light chains, heavy chains, or both. These include myeloma kidney (cast nephropathy), light-chain and heavy-chain amyloidosis, and light- and heavy-chain deposition disease. Renal damage secondary to deposition of both chains is far less common. In the great majority of these cases the M-component is immunoglobulin G, but the spectrum of renal lesions associated with monoclonal gammopathy is extensive and depends on the physiochemical properties of the immunoglobulin produced.

This chapter discusses two important, but less recognized disorders associated with monoclonal immunoglobulins: membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and acquired Fanconi syndrome.
The patient with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Houssiau Frédéric A.
Published: June 2018

Major progress has been achieved in the field of lupus nephritis (LN) treatment over the last decade. Glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressants (including cyclophosphamide) are now used in a more patient-friendly way, minimizing their untoward effects. Mycophenolate mofetil is now an option, both for induction and maintenance immunosuppression. Ever increased standards for optimal global care have further contributed to lower end-stage renal disease rates.

Better understanding of the mechanisms underlying lupus raises hopes for more targeted therapies with biologics. Thus, the anti-B-lymphocyte stimulator belimumab has been officially labelled for non-renal lupus by the medical agencies, which has not happened for more than 50 years, when cortisone and hydroxychloroquine were approved.

These exciting developments should, however, not disguise the fact that LN still impacts survival of lupus patients and that no cure can be offered so far.
Treatment of hypertension in children
Authors: Rascher Wolfgang
Published: June 2018

Management of hypertension is dependent on the underlying cause and the magnitude of the blood pressure abnormality. Healthy behavioural changes are the primary management tool for treating primary hypertension in adolescents and other cardiovascular risk factors and obesity. In children and adolescents with renal hypertension, high blood pressure requires pharmacological treatment. There is randomized controlled trial evidence to support a blood pressure target for those with proteinuria of not higher than the 50th centile for age. The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors is safe in patients with proteinuria, and assumed to be equally beneficial. For those without proteinuria, less stringent targets may be acceptable. Often a combination of two or three drugs is required to lower arterial blood pressure to the target blood pressures. In children and adolescents at or near end-stage renal failure, fluid removal by dialysis may be necessary to control hypertension.
Prevention of acute kidney injury
Authors: Lameire Norbert
Published: June 2018

This chapter describes the most important non-pharmacologic interventions in the prevention of acute kidney injury. Specific for bypass surgery is the choice between on- versus off-pump surgery in coronary artery bypass grafting. Other interventions include optimization and maintenance of oxygen delivery and of cardiovascular haemodynamics; careful selection of fluid therapy, particularly in septic shock and the postoperative period; possible application of preoperative remote ischaemic preconditioning; maintaining euglycaemia, and application of lung-protective artificial ventilation.
Prevention of acute kidney injury
Authors: Lameire Norbert
Published: June 2018

This chapter summarizes the pharmacological interventions that can be used in the prevention of acute kidney injury (AKI). These following interventions are discussed: the use and selection of vasopressors; the administration of loop diuretics and mannitol; vasodilating drugs including dopamine, atrial natriuretic peptide, nesiritide, fenoldopam, and adenosine antagonists. The role of N-acetylcysteine in the prevention of contrast-induced AKI and cardiac surgery is discussed. The chapter concludes with a summary of the potential role of insulin-like growth factor and erythropoietin in the prevention of AKI.
Haemodialysis
Authors: Seabra Victor F. , Jaber Bertrand L.
Published: June 2018

Since its first successful performance in 1945, haemodialysis has become a widely performed routine and safe procedure. However, despite significant improvements in the dialysis equipment, staff training, and patient monitoring, acute complications can occur during the therapy, ranging from mild to life-threatening. This chapter reviews selected acute complications that are encountered during or are directly related to the haemodialysis procedure, including cardiovascular, neuromuscular, haematological, and pulmonary complications, technical malfunctions, dialysis reactions (including anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions), and other complications such as post-dialysis fatigue, pruritus, priapism, and hearing and visual loss.
Pregnancy in patients with chronic kidney disease and on dialysis
Authors: Bramham Kate , Nelson-Piercy Catherine
Published: June 2018

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects a small but increasing minority of women becoming pregnant. It is associated with additional risks depending on pre-pregnancy glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, and hypertension. Some drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy. These are powerful reasons for counselling all women of childbearing age about pregnancy in CKD. With minor CKD the main issue is moderately increased risk of pregnancy-associated hypertension and pre-eclampsia. More advanced CKD is associated with reduced fertility, progressively increased risk of pre-term delivery and a significant chance of permanent loss of maternal renal function. Distinguishing pre-eclampsia from the natural effects of pregnancy on manifestations of CKD can be challenging. Blood pressure targets may be modified during pregnancy and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are contraindicated. Dialysis may be initiated if pregnancy occurs at advanced levels of CKD. Pregnancy may also occur in patients on dialysis, usually in women with some residual native renal function. More intensive dialysis may improve outcomes.
Nail patella syndrome
Authors: Heidet Laurence , Claire Gubler Marie
Published: June 2018

Nail patella syndrome can be recognized by its characteristic nail dystrophy and symmetrical skeletal abnormalities. Proteinuric renal disease is a variable part of the syndrome, usually mild but causing end-stage renal failure in up to 10%. An association with glaucoma has been recognized and this should be screened for. Underlying gene mutations are in a LIM homeodomain-containing transcription factor LMX1B, which seems to influence production of basement membrane proteins and other podocyte gene products.