bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Holmium-166 Radioembolization: Current Status and Future Prospective
Authors: Stella Martina , Braat Arthur J. A. T. , van Rooij Rob , de Jong Hugo W. A. M. , Lam Marnix G. E. H.
Published: June 2022

Since its first suggestion as possible option for liver radioembolization treatment, the therapeutic isotope holmium-166 (166Ho) caught the experts’ attention due to its imaging possibilities. Being not only a beta, but also a gamma emitter and a lanthanide, 166Ho can be imaged using single-photon emission computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. Another advantage of 166Ho is the possibility to perform the scout and treatment procedure with the same particle. This prospect paves the way to an individualized treatment procedure, gaining more control over dosimetry-based patient selection and treatment planning. In this review, an overview on 166Ho liver radioembolization will be presented. The current clinical workflow, together with the most relevant clinical findings and the future prospective will be provided.
Supervision in der Ausbildung in Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapie
Authors: Schwarz Daniela , In-Albon Tina
Published: June 2022

Hintergrund

In Deutschland ist die Supervision (SV) ein gesetzlich festgelegter und wichtiger Bestandteil der Psychotherapieausbildung. Jedoch liegen dazu bisher nur wenige Studien –und dies insbesondere in der Ausbildung in Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapie – in Bezug auf die Inhalte der SV, verwendete Techniken, Art des Feedbacks etc. vor.

Ziel der Arbeit

Die vorliegende Arbeit hat zum Fokus, in einem naturalistischen Setting fallbezogene SV-Evaluationen auszuwerten und die behandelten SV-Themen darzustellen. Zudem werden Einflussfaktoren, wie Patient:innenmerkmale, auf die Inhalte der SV untersucht.

Methoden

Die Stichprobe umfasst 363 fallbezogene SV-Evaluationen von insgesamt 44 Therapeut:innen und 19 Supervisor:innen. Als mögliche Einflussfaktoren auf die Themen und die erlebte Nützlichkeit der SV werden Patient:innenmerkmale (u. a. Psychopathologie) und die Ausbildungsdauer untersucht.

Ergebnisse

Die 3 häufigsten Themen in der SV waren „die Anwendung von therapeutischen Methoden“, „Therapeut:innen-Patient:innen-Beziehung“ und „Diagnostik/Differenzialdiagnostik“. Insgesamt zeigte sich, dass die externale Symptomatik der Patient:innen am ehesten einen Einfluss auf die SV-Themen hat. Die einzige untersuchte Technik, der Einsatz von Videos in der SV, erfolgte in 40,8 % der Fälle nie bzw. selten, dabei gab es große Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Supervisor:innen.

Diskussion

Eine strukturierte Gestaltung der SV mit Anleitungen zum Videoeinsatz oder weiteren aktiven Techniken könnte die SV im Rahmen der Psychotherapieausbildung weiter verbessern.
Risk of acute kidney injury after contrast-enhanced computerized tomography: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 propensity score–matched cohort studies
Authors: Obed Mikal , Gabriel Maria Magdalena , Dumann Eva , Vollmer Barbosa Clara , Weißenborn Karin , Schmidt Bernhard Magnus Wilhelm
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Intravenous application of contrast media is part of a wide spectrum of diagnostic procedures for better imaging quality. Clinical avoidance of contrast-enhanced imaging is an ever-present quandary in patients with impaired kidney function. The objective of this study was to estimate the risk for acute kidney injury (AKI), dialysis and mortality among patients undergoing contrast-enhanced CT compared to propensity score–matched controls (i.e. contrast-unenhanced CT). Selected cohort studies featured high-risk patients with advanced kidney disease and critical illness.

Methods

This review was designed to conform to the Preferred Reporting Items in Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed was searched from August 2021 to November 2021 for all-language articles without date restriction. A random-effects model (DerSimonian and Laird method) was used for meta-analysis.

Results

Twenty-one articles were included, comprising data of 169,455 patients. The overall risk of AKI was similar in the contrast-enhanced and unenhanced groups (OR: 0.97 [95% CI: 0.85; 1.11], p = 0.64), regardless of baseline renal function and underlying disease. Substantial heterogeneity was detected (I2 = 90%, p ≤ 0.0001). Multivariable logistic regression identified hypertension (p = 0.03) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≤ 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (p = 0.0001) as factors associated with greater risk of post-contrast AKI.

Conclusions

Based on propensity score–matched pairs obtained from 21 cohort studies, we found no evidence for increased risk for AKI, dialysis or mortality after contrast-enhanced CT among patients with eGFR ≥ 45 mL/min/1.73 m2. In congruence with the emerging evidence in the literature, caution should be exercised in patients with hypertension and eGFR ≤ 30 mL/min/1.73 m2.

Key Points

• The application of contrast media for medical imaging is not associated with higher odds for AKI, induction of renal replacement therapy, or mortality. Many comorbidities traditionally associated with greater risk for acute kidney injury do not appear to predispose for renal decline after contrast media exposure.

• Underlying hypertension and eGFR less than or equal to 30 mL/min/1.73 m2seem to predispose for post-contrast acute kidney injury.

• Propensity score matching cannot account for unmeasured influences on AKI incidence, which needs to be addressed in the interpretation of results.
Mittelspannungs-Gleichstromübertragung – Übertragungskapazität und Wirtschaftlichkeit von Kabelstrecken
Authors: Schichler Uwe , Ratheiser Patrik
Published: June 2022

Die mit der Energiewende für die Erzielung der Klimaziele eingeleitete Transformation der elektrischen Energieversorgung führt zu einem deutlichen Ausbaubedarf in den elektrischen Verteil- und Übertragungsnetzen. Für die Verteilnetze in der Mittelspannungsebene kann die innovative Mittelspannungs-Gleichstromübertragung einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten und zu einem sicheren und wirtschaftlichen Netzbetrieb beitragen. Im Vergleich mit MDÜ-Kabelstrecken können bipolare MGÜ-Kabelstrecken bei Verwendung identischer VPE-isolierter Mittelspannungskabel eine deutlich höhere Übertragungskapazität aufweisen. Die Betrachtung der Wirtschaftlichkeit von MGÜ-Kabelstrecken erfolgt auf der Basis der Übertragungsverluste, wobei die Anwendung einer MGÜ dabei bereits für kurze Streckenlängen zu einer deutlichen Reduktion der Übertragungsverluste führt.
A new snailfish of the genus Careproctus (Cottoidei: Liparidae) from the Pacific coast of southern Japan
Authors: Murasaki Kenta , Kai Yoshiaki , Endo Hiromitsu , Fukui Atsushi
Published: June 2022

A new snailfish, Careproctus tomiyamai, is described on the basis of four specimens collected from Suruga Bay, Tosa Bay, and the Hyuga-nada Sea, southern Japan (600–808 m depth). It is distinguished from all currently recognized congeners by the following combination of characters: total vertebrae 56–58; dorsal-fin rays 51 or 52; anal-fin rays 44–46; pectoral-fin rays 30–32; pyloric caeca 9–13; body slender, maximum depth 15.6–22.8% standard length (SL); teeth on both jaws strongly trilobed; pectoral fin shallowly notched, longest lower lobe ray 9.8–14.3% SL [46.0–60.4% head length (HL)]; proximal pectoral radials 4 (3 + 1), upper portion of 1st and 3rd radials, and lower portion of 2nd radial notched; fenestrae in pectoral girdle 2, between scapula and 1st proximal radial, and 2nd and 3rd proximal radials; pelvic disk oval, wider than long, length 3.4–4.3% SL (14.2–19.3% HL), moderately to deeply cupped; peritoneum black in preserved specimens.
A Priori Direct Numerical Simulation Analysis of the Closure of Cross-Scalar Dissipation Rate of Reaction Progress Variable and Mixture Fraction in Turbulent Stratified Flames
Authors: Brearley Peter , Ahmed Umair , Chakraborty Nilanjan
Published: June 2022

The cross-scalar dissipation rate of reaction progress variable and mixture fraction $$\widetilde{{\varepsilon_{c\xi } }}$$

ε

c
ξ

~

plays an important role in the modelling of stratified combustion. The evolution and statistical behaviour of $$\widetilde{{\varepsilon_{c\xi } }}$$

ε

c
ξ

~

have been analysed using a direct numerical simulation (DNS) database of statistically planar turbulent stratified flames with a globally stochiometric mixture. A parametric analysis has been conducted by considering a number of DNS cases with a varying initial root-mean-square velocity fluctuation $$u^{\prime }$$

u
′

and initial scalar integral length scale $$\ell_{\phi }$$

ℓ
ϕ

. The explicitly Reynolds averaged DNS data suggests that the linear relaxation model for $$\widetilde{{\varepsilon_{c\xi } }}$$

ε

c
ξ

~

is inadequate for most cases, but its performance appears to improve with increasing initial $$\ell_{\phi }$$

ℓ
ϕ

and $$u^{\prime }$$

u
′

values. An exact transport equation for $$\widetilde{{\varepsilon_{c\xi } }}$$

ε

c
ξ

~

has been derived from the first principle, and the budget of the unclosed terms of the $$\widetilde{{\varepsilon_{c\xi } }}$$

ε

c
ξ

~

transport equation has been analysed in detail. It has been found that the terms arising from the density variation, scalar-turbulence interaction, chemical reaction rate and molecular dissipation rate play leading order roles in the $$\widetilde{{\varepsilon_{c\xi } }}$$

ε

c
ξ

~

transport. These observations have been justified by a scaling analysis, which has been utilised to identify the dominant components of the leading order terms to aid model development for the unclosed terms of the $$\widetilde{{\varepsilon_{c\xi } }}$$

ε

c
ξ

~

transport equation. The performances of newly proposed models for the unclosed terms have been assessed with respect to the corresponding terms extracted from DNS data, and the newly proposed closures yield satisfactory predictions of the unclosed terms in the $$\widetilde{{\varepsilon_{c\xi } }}$$

ε

c
ξ

~

transport equation.
Assessing the contribution of products to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals: a methodological proposal
Authors: Eberle Ulrike , Wenzig Julius , Mumm Nico
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their 169 targets pose the most important framework for sustainable development worldwide. However, the contributions of products and companies to the SDGs using social and environmental life cycle assessment (S-LCA; E-LCA) have not been thoroughly addressed in the scientific literature. The purpose of this research is therefore to identify product-related targets, derive suitable indicators and develop a social life cycle impact assessment (S-LCIA) method.

Methods

To systematically select product-related targets, two questions are developed. The questions ask whether a product (a) has a direct impact on the achievement of the target or (b) if the companies along the life cycle that produce or offer the product have a direct influence on the achievement of the respective target. Suitable indicators are derived and adapted from generally accepted frameworks such as the Global Indicator Framework (GIF-SDG). To develop an S-LCIA method, the targets are translated into conditions beneficial or damaging to the achievement of the target to estimate the socio-economic impact of the product using a scale from +1 to −1. In cases where the targets remain vague, a systematic five-step approach to derive a quantifiable target involving five steps is applied.

Results and discussion

The main contribution of this paper is to propose a coherent method to measure the contribution of products to the targets. All 17 SDGs and 61 of the 169 targets (36%) were evaluated as product-related. For 57% of the product-related targets, indicators from the GIF-SDGs could at least partly be used after slight adaptations, while for the remaining 43% of the product-related targets, indicators were taken from other frameworks or sources or had to be added. In total, 45 indicators have been identified to be suitable for assessing the potential contribution of products to the 61 targets. To illustrate the systematic five-step approach to quantitatively assess the contribution of products to the targets, five types of contribution functions are presented in detail.

Conclusions

The presented method allows companies to analyse their impact and that of their products on the targets both within their own company and in the supply chain. As especially the latter is increasingly demanded by supply chain laws in different countries such as France, the Netherlands or the UK, the method fills an important research gap. However, future research to examine the proposed approach, the derived indicators and the impact assessment method is strongly encouraged.
Computational electrophysiology of the coronary sinus branches based on electro-anatomical mapping for the prediction of the latest activated region
Authors: Vergara Christian , Stella Simone , Maines Massimiliano , Africa Pasquale Claudio , Catanzariti Domenico , Demattè Cristina , Centonze Maurizio , Nobile Fabio , Quarteroni Alfio , Del Greco Maurizio
Published: June 2022

This work dealt with the assessment of a computational tool to estimate the electrical activation in the left ventricle focusing on the latest electrically activated segment (LEAS) in patients with left bundle branch block and possible myocardial fibrosis. We considered the Eikonal-diffusion equation and to recover the electrical activation maps in the myocardium. The model was calibrated by using activation times acquired in the coronary sinus (CS) branches or in the CS solely with an electroanatomic mapping system (EAMS) during cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We applied our computational tool to ten patients founding an excellent accordance with EAMS measures; in particular, the error for LEAS location was less than 4 mm. We also calibrated our model using only information in the CS, still obtaining an excellent agreement with the measured LEAS. The proposed tool was able to accurately reproduce the electrical activation maps and in particular LEAS location in the CS branches, with an almost real-time computational effort, regardless of the presence of myocardial fibrosis, even when information only at CS was used to calibrate the model. This could be useful in the clinical practice since LEAS is often used as a target site for the left lead placement during CRT.

Graphical abstract

Overall picture of the computational pipeline for the estimation of LEAS
Bewegungsbasierte Förderung prosozialen Verhaltens beim Schuleintritt
Authors: Widmer Ilona , Maier Diatara Lucia , Hövel Dennis Christian
Published: June 2022

Hintergrund

Der Schuleintritt beschreibt eine sensible und herausfordernde Phase für Schülerinnen und Schüler hinsichtlich ihrer emotionalen und sozialen Kompetenzen. Im Wechselspiel von eigenen Bedürfnissen und Anforderungen aus der Umwelt und sich Einfinden in der neuen Klassenkonstellation zeigen sich oft Schwierigkeiten, welche sich in auffälligem oder nicht situationsangepasstem Verhalten äußern. So wurde im Rahmen des vorliegenden Forschungsprojekts ein bewegungsbasiertes Präventionsprogramm zur Förderung von prosozialem Verhalten von Schulkindern der 1. und 2. Primarstufe unter Berücksichtigung gruppendynamischer Phasen entwickelt und auf dessen Effekt auf das prosoziale Verhalten überprüft.

Methode

Im Sinne einer quasiexperimentellen Interventionsstudie mit Kontrollgruppe und zwei Messzeitpunkten wurde die Wirksamkeit mit einer Stichprobe von 213 Schülerinnen und Schüler gemessen. Die Intervention dauerte 10 Wochen und wurde von 4 Psychomotoriktherapeutinnen in insgesamt 12 Schulklassen (6 Interventionsklassen, 6 Kontrollklassen) durchgeführt. Das prosoziale Verhalten wurde durch die Lehrkraftbeurteilung mittels des „strengths and difficulties questionnaire“ (T4-16 – SDQ) vor und nach der Intervention eingeschätzt und anschließend mittels zweifaktorieller Varianzanalyse auf mögliche Gruppenunterschiede getestet.

Ergebnisse

Der Einsatz des Präventionsprogramms führte aus Sicht der Lehrpersonen zu einer Verbesserung des prosozialen Verhaltens. Mit einer Effektstärke von dkorr = 0,30 ergibt sich für das Programm ein praxisrelevanter Nutzen.

Diskussion

Dieser Effekt wird v. a. dem bewegungs- und erlebnisorientierten Aufbau sowie den unterschiedlich eingenommenen Rollen der Lehrperson – beobachtend, mitspielend – zugeschrieben.
Cutting force and vibration prediction of milling processes regarding the nonlinear behavior of cascade controlled feed drives
Authors: Ju Shu , Gross Daniel , Hanenkamp Nico
Published: June 2022

Milling processes are characterized by their high degree of flexibility regarding shape creation and thus occur in many value adding processes in the electrical and mechanical engineering industry. To facilitate the systematic prediction and the efficient optimization of the process performance, a holistic simulation model of the milling process with cascade controlled feed drives is developed. The integrated model consists of two subsystems, namely the feed drive model and the process model. In the feed drive model, the dynamic models of the electric motors, the serially connected torsional oscillators of the mechanical elements and the cascade control system are established. In this model, the coordinate point of the milling tool is computed at each discrete time step and assigned to the process model. The cutting forces and the corresponding load torques are calculated in the process model and sent back to the feed drive model. In addition, practical validation of the complete system has been conducted both in the time and the frequency domain. The simulation results yield an accurate prediction of the tooth passing frequency with a variance of less than 1%. Moreover, the influence of the cascade control parameters and the nonlinear behavior of the electric motor on the process vibrations have been experimentally verified.
Cortical Anoxic Spreading Depolarization During Cardiac Arrest is Associated with Remote Effects on Peripheral Blood Pressure and Postresuscitation Neurological Outcome
Authors: Han Sangwoo , Contreras Mayra Isabel , Bazrafkan Afsheen , Rafi Masih , Dara Shirin M. , Orujyan Ani , Panossian Anais , Crouzet Christian , Lopour Beth , Choi Bernard , Wilson Robert H. , Akbari Yama
Published: June 2022

Background

Spreading depolarizations (SDs) are self-propagating waves of neuronal and glial depolarizations often seen in neurological conditions in both humans and animal models. Because SD is thought to worsen neurological injury, the role of SD in a variety of cerebral insults has garnered significant investigation. Anoxic SD is a type of SD that occurs because of anoxia or asphyxia. Although asphyxia leading to a severe drop in blood pressure may affect cerebral hemodynamics and is widely known to cause anoxic SD, the effect of anoxic SD on peripheral blood pressure in the extremities has not been investigated. This relationship is especially important to understand for conditions such as circulatory shock and cardiac arrest that directly affect both peripheral and cerebral perfusion in addition to producing anoxic SD in the brain.

Methods

In this study, we used a rat model of asphyxial cardiac arrest to investigate the role of anoxic SD on cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism, peripheral blood pressure, and the relationship between these variables in 8- to 12-week-old male rats. We incorporated a multimodal monitoring platform measuring cortical direct current simultaneously with optical imaging.

Results

We found that during anoxic SD, there is decoupling of peripheral blood pressure from cerebral blood flow and metabolism. We also observed that anoxic SD may modify cerebrovascular resistance. Furthermore, shorter time difference between anoxic SDs measured at different locations in the same rat was associated with better neurological outcome on the basis of the recovery of electrocorticography activity (bursting) immediately post resuscitation and the neurological deficit scale score 24 h post resuscitation.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first study to quantify the relationship between peripheral blood pressure, cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism, and neurological outcome in anoxic SD. These results indicate that the characteristics of SD may not be limited to cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism but rather may also encompass changes in peripheral blood flow, possibly through a brain–heart connection, providing new insights into the role of anoxic SD in global ischemia and recovery.
Massive Accumulation of Sphingomyelin Affects the Lysosomal and Mitochondria Compartments and Promotes Apoptosis in Niemann-Pick Disease Type A
Authors: Carsana Emma Veronica , Lunghi Giulia , Prioni Simona , Mauri Laura , Loberto Nicoletta , Prinetti Alessandro , Zucca Fabio Andrea , Bassi Rosaria , Sonnino Sandro , Chiricozzi Elena , Duga Stefano , Straniero Letizia , Asselta Rosanna , Soldà Giulia , Samarani Maura , Aureli Massimo
Published: June 2022

Niemann-Pick type A disease (NPA) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the gene coding for the lysosomal enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). ASM deficiency leads to the consequent accumulation of its uncatabolized substrate, the sphingolipid sphingomyelin (SM), causing severe progressive brain disease. To study the effect of the aberrant lysosomal accumulation of SM on cell homeostasis, we loaded skin fibroblasts derived from a NPA patient with exogenous SM to mimic the levels of accumulation characteristic of the pathological neurons. In SM-loaded NPA fibroblasts, we found the blockage of the autophagy flux and the impairment of the mitochondrial compartment paralleled by the altered transcription of several genes, mainly belonging to the electron transport chain machinery and to the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. In addition, SM loading induces the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor EB that promotes the lysosomal biogenesis and exocytosis. Interestingly, we obtained similar biochemical findings in the brain of the NPA mouse model lacking ASM (ASMKO mouse) at the neurodegenerative stage. Our work provides a new in vitro model to study NPA etiopathology and suggests the existence of a pathogenic lysosome-plasma membrane axis that with an impairment in the mitochondrial activity is responsible for the cell death.
Overproduction, Purification, and Stability of the Functionally Active Human Carnitine Acetyl Transferase
Authors: Giudice Deborah , Console Lara , Arduini Arduino , Indiveri Cesare
Published: June 2022

Human Carnitine Acetyl Transferase (hCAT) reversibly catalyzes the transfer of the acetyl-moiety from acetyl-CoA to L-carnitine, modulating the acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio in mitochondria. Derangement of acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio leads to metabolic alterations that could result in the onset or worsening of pathological states. Due to the importance of CAT as a pharmacological target and to the European directive for reducing animal experimentation, we have pointed out a procedure to produce a recombinant, pure, and functional hCAT using the E. coli expression system. The cDNA encoding for the hCAT was cloned into the pH6EX3 vector. This construct was used to transform the E. coli Rosetta strain. The optimal conditions for the overexpression of the fully active hCAT include induction with a low concentration of IPTG (0.01 mM) and a low growth temperature (25 °C). The recombinant protein was purified from bacterial homogenate by affinity chromatography. The pure hCAT is very stable in an aqueous solution, retaining full activity for at least two months if stored at − 20 °C. These results could be helpful for a broad set of functional studies on hCAT, including drug-design applications.
Emerging adults facing the COVID-19 pandemic: emotion dysregulation, mentalizing, and psychological symptoms
Authors: Charpentier Mora Simone , Bastianoni Chiara , Cavanna Donatella , Bizzi Fabiola
Published: June 2022

Settled in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the present short-term longitudinal study aims to investigate the relation between emotion dysregulation, mentalizing (both certainty and uncertainty about mental states), and psychological symptoms in a sample of 83 emerging adults (Mage = 22.18 years, SD = 4.36) over a continuous period started with COVID-19 spreads. Results display significant positive associations between psychological symptoms and both emotion dysregulation and uncertainty about mental states, while an inverse association with certainty about mental states was found. A moderation model was also performed, showing a significant negative association between emotion dysregulation and psychological symptoms at low levels of uncertainty about mental states. Conversely, a marginally significant positive association occurs at high levels of uncertainty about mental states. In other words, the presence of individual impairments in perceiving one’s own/others mind may increase the negative consequences of emotion dysregulation on reported psychological symptoms. To sum up, our findings highlight the importance of considering mentalizing as a possible key factor for the promotion of emerging adults’ mental health also in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Prognostic values of clinical and molecular features in HER2 low-breast cancer with hormonal receptor overexpression: features of HER2-low breast cancer
Authors: Chen Mengdi , Chen Weilin , Liu Deyue , Chen Weiguo , Shen Kunwei , Wu Jiayi , Zhu Li
Published: June 2022

Background

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) low breast cancer was considered as a distinct subtype different from HER2-zero breast cancer. Our study aimed to investigate the prognostic values of clinicopathological features and recurrence score (RS) in HER2-low and HER2-zero hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer patients.

Methods

A total of 2099 HR + primary female breast cancer patients diagnosed between Jan 2009 and Jan 2019 were collected. Tumors with immunohistochemistry 1 + /2 + and negative in situ hybridization results were defined as HER2-low. We compared the clinical and genetical features of HER2-low (n = 1732) and HER2-zero (n = 367) breast cancer and their prognostic values.

Results

Estrogen receptor (ER) high expression (> 90%) was more common in HER2-low breast cancer than HER2-zero breast cancer (78.2% vs 58.6%, p < 0.01). Five-year disease-free survival (DFS) was similar between HER2-zero and HER2-low subgroups (92.3% vs 93.3%, p = 0.83). The predictive value of RS was only significant in HER2-zero patients (p = 0.03). The proliferation-related genes performed well in predicting DFS in HER2-zero patients, but not in HER2-low patients (p for interaction < 0.01). The higher HER2 module score was correlated with worse DFS only in HER2-low patients (p = 0.04).

Conclusion

We observed similar survival outcomes between HER2-low and HER2-zero HR + patients. HER2-low patients had a higher proportion of ER high expressed tumors than HER2-zero patients did. RS and its proliferation module might be less clinically meaningful to HER2-low patients.
A pilot study on the effect of advance care planning implementation on healthcare utilisation and satisfaction in patients with advanced heart failure
Authors: Coster J. E. , ter Maat G. H. , Pentinga M. L. , Reyners A. K. L. , van Veldhuisen D. J. , de Graeff P.
Published: June 2022

Background

Patients with advanced heart failure may benefit from palliative care, including advance care planning (ACP). ACP, which can include referral back to the general practitioner (GP), may prevent unbeneficial hospital admissions and interventional/surgical procedures that are not in accordance with the patient’s personal goals of care.

Aim

To implement ACP in patients with advanced heart failure and explore the effect of ACP on healthcare utilisation as well as the satisfaction of patients and cardiologists.

Methods

In this pilot study, we enrolled 30 patients with New York Heart Association class III/IV heart failure who had had at least one unplanned hospital admission in the previous year because of heart failure. A structured ACP conversation was held and documented by the treating physician. Primary outcome was the number of visits to the emergency department and/or admissions within 3 months after the ACP conversation. Secondary endpoints were the satisfaction of patients and cardiologists as established by using a five-point Likert scale.

Results

Median age of the patients was 81 years (range 33–94). Twenty-seven ACP documents could be analysed (90%). Twenty-one patients (78%) did not want to be readmitted to the hospital and subsequently none of them were readmitted during follow-up. Twenty-two patients (81%) discontinued all hospital care. All patients who died during follow-up (n = 12, 40%) died at home. Most patients and cardiologists indicated that they would recommend the intervention to others (80% and 92% respectively).

Conclusion

ACP, and subsequent out-of-hospital care by the GP, was shown to be applicable in the present study of patients with advanced heart failure and evident palliative care needs. Patients and cardiologists were satisfied with this intervention.
Design of a sounding rocket upper stage based on the hybrid rocket engine VISERION
Authors: Dabanović Andrija , Martin Joël , May Stefan , Eggers Thino
Published: June 2022

In the context of the AHRES (Advanced Hybrid Rocket Engine Simulation [1]) program of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), an upper stage for the Brazilian sounding rocket VSB-30 is designed. This third stage is based on the hybrid rocket engine VISERION. The pre-design is mainly focused on the fluid and pressurization system using common European design standards. Real gas simulations were conducted to quantify the required pressurant mass and to analyse operating parameters. Subsequently, all additional subsystems are described and analysed. Initial requirements such as the maximum outer diameter and limits of the overall mass were given due to the launch system. Further requirements for each module and the main components are identified and examined. Available modules for the service or recovery system and commercially off-the-shelf components were considered to reduce the overall complexity and costs. Preliminary flight stability and aerodynamic loads were evaluated using numerical fluid simulations on different characteristic ascent points. The dimensioned system demonstrates the ability of hybrid rocket engines to be used as propulsion modules for upper stages. This enables the combination of several advantages of common propulsion systems as the main intention in hybrid rocket development.
Factors associated with and 1-year outcomes of fear of falling in a geriatric post-hip fracture assessment
Authors: Jaatinen Roope , Luukkaala Tiina , Hongisto Markus T. , Kujala Minna A. , Nuotio Maria S.
Published: June 2022

Background

Hip fracture causes not only physical injury but also psychological trauma. Fear of falling (FoF) is related to poor recovery, loss of mobility and mortality. There is limited data on the clinical factors affecting post-hip fracture FoF and its consequences.

Objective

To investigate the factors associated with and 1-year outcomes of post-hip fracture FoF.

Methods

An observational prospective cohort study. Data were collected on hospital admission, at a geriatric outpatient assessment 4–6 months post-hip fracture and by telephone interviews 1 year after the index fracture. FoF was assessed with a dichotomous single-item question. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the age, gender and multivariable-adjusted association between baseline and the geriatric assessment domains with FoF. Follow-up outcomes included changes in mobility, living arrangements and mortality.

Results

Of the 916 patients included, 425 (49%) had FoF at the time of their geriatric assessment. These patients were predominantly female and were living alone in their own homes with supportive home care. They scored lower on tests of physical performance. Less FoF was documented in patients with diagnosed cognitive disorders before the index fracture and in those with Clinical Dementia Rating ≥ 1. After adjusting for age and gender, no association was observed between FoF and any of the 1-year follow-up outcomes.

Conclusion

Post-hip fracture FoF is common and associated with female gender, polypharmacy, poor daily functioning, poor physical performance and depressive mood. Patients with cognitive disorders have less FoF than those without. FoF appears to have no impact on the follow-up outcomes.
Picosecond time-resolved X-ray ferromagnetic resonance measurements at Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility
Authors: Yang Xia , Cao Jie-Feng , Li Jun-Qin , Zhu Fang-Yuan , Yu Rui , He Jian , Zhao Zi-Long , Wang Yong , Tai Ren-Zhong
Published: June 2022

An experimental picosecond time-resolved X-ray ferromagnetic resonance (TR-XFMR) apparatus with a time resolution of 13 ps (RMS) or 31 ps (FWHM) was constructed and demonstrated in the 07U and 08U1A soft X-ray beamlines at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) using pump-probe detection and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopy. Element and time-resolved ferromagnetic resonance was excited by continuous microwave phase-locking of the bunch clock within the photon beam during synchrotron radiation and was characterized by detecting the magnetic circular dichroism signals of the elements of interest in the magnetic films. Using this equipment, we measured the amplitude of the element-specific moment precession during ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) at 2 GHz in a single Ni81Fe19 layer.
Home care allowance and labor market participation of immigrant and native-born mothers
Authors: Fendel Tanja , Jochimsen Beate
Published: June 2022

Most countries still have a significant gender gap in labor force participation, and this gap is especially large for immigrants. Despite this gap, Germany introduced various forms of home care allowances in the last decade. Parallel to the extension of early child care and the inclusion of a legal claim for it, from 2013 to 2015, a nationwide home care allowance existed for parents who did not use public child care for children aged one or two years. After 2015, home care allowances continued to exist in several German federal states. Some politicians strongly criticized this transfer for allegedly decreasing work incentives, particularly for mothers with lower labor market integration, such as immigrant mothers. Using federal state differentiated data obtained from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we investigate the impact of a home care allowance on the labor market participation of mothers. For both native-born and especially immigrant mothers, the effects are significantly negative. We conclude that a home care allowance has negative effects on the labor force participation of mothers of young children, irrespective of the legal claim for and the extension of public child care.
Eastern Orthodoxy and the Science-Theology Dialogue
Authors: Knight Christopher C.
Published: June 2022

This Element examines the science-theology dialogue from the perspective of Eastern Orthodox Christianity and provides a critique of this dialogue based on six fundamental aspects of that theology: (i) Its understanding of how philosophy may authentically be used in the theological task; (ii) Its understanding of the use and limitations of scientific and theological languages; (iii) Its understanding of the role of humanity in bringing God's purposes to fulfilment; (iv) its sense that material entities should be understood less in materialist terms than in relation to the mind of God; (v) Its Christological focus in understanding the concept of creation; (vi) Its sense that the empirical world can be understood theologically only when the 'world to come' is taken fully into account. It is argued that Orthodoxy either provides an alternative pan-Christian vision to the currently predominant one or, at the very least, provides important new conceptual insights.
Defence Acquisition and Procurement
Authors: Smith Ron P.
Published: June 2022

The acquisition and procurement of major weapons systems is fraught with difficulties. They tend to be delivered late, over budget and unable to meet requirements. This Element provides an economic analysis of why this happens. Market structure, demand by the military and supply by the arms firms, shapes the conduct of the agents and generates the poor performance observed. The military are trying to counter an evolving threat, subject to a budget constraint, high R&D costs and new technologies. The interaction between a government made up of warring tribes and arms firms with considerable market and political power is further complicated by a set of what economists call 'principal-agent' problems, which are examined. While the poor performance has prompted many countries to propose reforms, the difficulty of the task and the institutional incentives faced by the actors mean that the reforms rarely solve the problem.
Industrial Policy
Authors: Carlaw Kenneth I. , Lipsey Richard G.
Published: June 2022

Dismissing industrial policy because 'governments cannot pick winners' is counter-productive. This Element studying selected major innovations illustrates the fact that virtually all major new technologies have been developed by a synergetic cooperation between the public and the private sectors, each doing what it can do best. By examining how R&D is financed, rather than where it takes place, the authors show that the role of the public sector is much more pronounced than is often thought. The nature of the cooperation − who does what − varies with the nature of each innovation so that simple, one-size-fits-all, rules about what each sector should do are suspect. These results are particularly important because they challenge the scepticism in the United states and elsewhere about the importance of industrial policy, a scepticism that threatens to undermine the long-term, and necessary cooperation, between the public and private sectors in promoting growth-inducing innovations.
Investigation on the Control of COVID-19 in Wuhan: Number of Infections Outside Hospitals and the Reproduction Number
Authors: Chen Yongxue , Zhang Hui , Wang Jingyu , Li Cheng , Yi Ning , Wen Yongxian
Published: June 2022

COVID-19 is erupting globally, and Wuhan successfully controlled it within a month. Infections arose from infectious persons outside hospitals. After data revision, data-based and model-based analyses were implemented, and the conclusions are as follows. The incubation period of most infected people may be 6-7 days. The number of infectious persons outside hospitals in Wuhan on January 20, 2020 was about 10000 and reached more than 20000 on the day of Lockdown; it exceeded 72000 on February 4. Both data-based and model-based analyses gave out the evolution of the reproduction number, which was over 2.5 in early January, went down to 1.62 in late January and 1.20 in early February, with a sudden drop to less than 0.5 due to the strict Stay-at-home management after February 11. Strategies of Stay-at-home, Safe-protective measures, and Ark hospitals were the main contributions to control COVID-19 in Wuhan. In Wuhan, 2 inflection points of COVID-19, exactly correspond to February 5 and February 15, the 2 days when Ark hospitals were introduced, and the complete implementation of Stay-at-home. Based on the expression of the reproduction number, group immunity is also discussed. It shows that only when the group immunization rate is over 75% can COVID-19 be under control; group immunity would be full infection and the total deaths will be 220000 for a city as big as Wuhan. Sensitivity analysis suggests that 30% of people staying at home in combination with better behavior changes, such as social-distancing and frequent handwashing, can effectively contain COVID-19. However, only when this proportion is over 60% can the controlled effect and efficiency like Wuhan be obtained.
Logarithmic heavy traffic error bounds in generalized switch and load balancing systems
Authors: Hurtado-Lange Daniela , Varma Sushil Mahavir , Maguluri Siva Theja
Published: June 2022

Motivated by applications to wireless networks, cloud computing, data centers, etc., stochastic processing networks have been studied in the literature under various asymptotic regimes. In the heavy traffic regime, the steady-state mean queue length is proved to be
$\Theta({1}/{\epsilon})$
, where
$\epsilon$
is the heavy traffic parameter (which goes to zero in the limit). The focus of this paper is on obtaining queue length bounds on pre-limit systems, thus establishing the rate of convergence to heavy traffic. For the generalized switch, operating under the MaxWeight algorithm, we show that the mean queue length is within
$\textrm{O}({\log}({1}/{\epsilon}))$
of its heavy traffic limit. This result holds regardless of the complete resource pooling (CRP) condition being satisfied. Furthermore, when the CRP condition is satisfied, we show that the mean queue length under the MaxWeight algorithm is within
$\textrm{O}({\log}({1}/{\epsilon}))$
of the optimal scheduling policy. Finally, we obtain similar results for the rate of convergence to heavy traffic of the total queue length in load balancing systems operating under the ‘join the shortest queue’ routeing algorithm.
Composite communication: how dissemination of facial composites in the media affects police investigations
Authors: Vredeveldt Annelies , Tredoux Colin Getty
Published: June 2022

When looking for a crime suspect, the police may ask an eyewitness to construct a visual likeness (‘facial composite’) of the perpetrator, to be distributed to the public via newspaper articles, television programmes, or social media. The dissemination of facial composites can have a major impact on police investigations. It often results in a deluge of tips and could potentially influence the memory of other eyewitnesses in the case. In this article, we review research on how to interview eyewitnesses for the optimal construction of facial composites from memory. We discuss types of composite systems and their effectiveness, including the ‘gold standard’ of measuring effectiveness. We compare the question posed to the public when a facial composite is disseminated to face-matching tasks faced by immigration officials and store clerks, but then with the added difficulty of the image being a composite of unknown resemblance to the target. We also discuss the potential danger of composites contaminating other eyewitnesses’ memory, highlighting the lessons learnt from research on unconscious transference. We pose several challenges for future researchers and practitioners. We conclude that evidence-based guidance is lacking to inform the police on whether and how to use facial composites in their investigations.
TRIPLE COVERS OF K3 SURFACES
Authors: GARBAGNATI ALICE , PENEGINI MATTEO
Published: June 2022

We study triple covers of K3 surfaces, following Miranda (1985, American Journal of Mathematics 107, 1123–1158). We relate the geometry of the covering surfaces with the properties of both the branch locus and the Tschirnhausen vector bundle. In particular, we classify Galois triple covers computing numerical invariants of the covering surface and of its minimal model. We provide examples of non-Galois triple covers, both in the case in which the Tschirnhausen bundle splits into the sum of two line bundles and in the case in which it is an indecomposable rank 2 vector bundle. We provide a criterion to construct rank 2 vector bundles on a K3 surface S which determine a non-Galois triple cover of S. The examples presented are in any admissible Kodaira dimension, and in particular, we provide the constructions of irregular covers of K3 surfaces and of surfaces with geometrical genus equal to 2 whose transcendental Hodge structure splits in the sum of two Hodge structures of K3 type.
Singularities of 3-parameter line congruences in
Authors: Lopes Débora , Ruas Maria Aparecida Soares , Santos Igor Chagas
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we give the generic classification of the singularities of 3-parameter line congruences in $\mathbb {R}^{4}$. We also classify the generic singularities of normal and Blaschke (affine) normal congruences.
Subaltern soldiers: Overshadowed Bunong highlanders in the Khmer Republic's army, 1970–75
Authors: Scheer Catherine
Published: June 2022

Little is known about Cambodia's highland minorities during the late 1960s and early 1970s, when the Khmer Rouge and Vietnamese communists were infiltrating their homelands on the ground and American bombers attacking them from the sky. When inhabitants of the northeastern regions are mentioned in histories about the Khmer Rouge's coming to power, it is mainly as bodyguards of Pol Pot, who represented them as remnants of an uncorrupted ‘primitive democracy’. However, stories heard in the highlands raise different narratives, notably those of Bunong men and their families who left Mondulkiri province for Phnom Penh, where they enlisted in the weak pro-American Khmer Republic's army. These stories, told by the few who survived the mission and by the many who lost relatives to it, complicate the history of this convoluted period by bringing to light the Bunongs’ previously unmentioned involvement within the Forces Armées Nationales Khmères. Neither visceral rebels, nor unconditional allies, these Cambodian highlanders were and still are complex actors, whose engagements constitute a much-needed disturbance of dominant (historical) records.
A Cost-Benefit Analysis of a Group Memory Intervention for Healthy Older Adults with Memory Concerns
Authors: Baker Stevenson , Vandermorris Susan , Verhoeff Nicolaas Paul L.G. , Troyer Angela K.
Published: June 2022

This study examines whether memory intervention programs can mitigate health care costs. Research suggests these programs translate to a decreased intention of older adults who are worried about age-normal memory changes to seek traditional outlets for medical/psychiatric help. We employed a cost-benefit analysis approach to analyze the effectiveness of a memory intervention program within Ontario. We leveraged estimates of decreased intentionality to seek physician care following a community-based memory intervention with physician billing profiles to calculate the potential cost savings to the province’s health care system. The intervention studied was found to reduce provincial health care spending by $6,094 per program group. This amount exceeds $121.25 in direct costs per attendee associated with administering five program sessions. This analysis justifies further research on how community-based memory and aging programs can offer low-cost solutions to help individuals cope with subjective memory complaints and assist the health care system in prioritizing care for aging patients.
The Malapportionment of the US House of Representatives: 1940–2020
Authors: Li Ruoxi
Published: June 2022

In the latest round of the apportionment of the US House of Representatives following the 2020 Census, the State of New York lost a seat by an extremely small margin: if a mere 89 people were added to the state’s population of 20 million, the state would have kept the seat. Political observers pointed to the tendency of the US Census to undercount minority and immigrant populations as the primary culprit. However, New York’s seat loss is as much an issue of apportionment as it is of counting. The current apportionment method used by the federal government, Huntington-Hill’s method, is biased against more populous states such as New York. If an alternative apportionment method were used, such as Webster’s method, New York would have kept the seat. This article discusses four historical apportionment methods: Hamilton’s method, Huntington-Hill’s method, Jefferson’s method, and Webster’s method. These methods are evaluated against the three criteria of within-quota, consistency, and unbiasedness. The article shows that Huntington-Hill’s method has produced biased apportionment results in eight of nine apportionments since its official adoption in 1941. The article concludes with a recommendation for replacing the current apportionment method with the only unbiased divisor method: Webster’s method.