bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of the flour and starch of plantain bananas (Musa paradisiaca)
Authors: Pelissari Franciele Maria , Andrade‐Mahecha Margarita María , Sobral Paulo José do Amaral , Menegalli Florencia Cecilia
Published: January 2012

Plantain bananas of the variety “Terra” (Musa paradisiaca) may have industrial value due to their high starch content. In this research, the flour and starch of such unripe fruit were isolated and their chemical, physicochemical, and structural characteristics were determined. Banana flour and starch had a dry basis yield of 50.6 and 28.5%, and an average granule size of 31.7 and 47.3 µm, respectively. Both raw materials revealed a C‐type pattern and high gelatinization temperatures. The peak viscosity was greater for flour (378.0 RVU) than for starch (252.6 RVU), although the final viscosity was lower. At temperatures above 65°C, the swelling power of banana flour was lower than that of starch, while the solubility of flour was greater than that of starch at all temperatures. Furthermore, the presence of other components in banana flour influenced its physicochemical properties. In general, the flour and starch processed from unripe bananas have numerous possible uses as ingredients in food systems and for other industrial purposes.
Performances of a metallic magnetic calorimeter for the measurement of hard X‐ray emission intensities
Authors: Rodrigues M. , Loidl M. , Le‐Bret C.
Published: January 2012

The energy spectrum analysis of X‐ray intensities with semiconductor detectors is often difficult because their energy resolution is usually not good enough to separate the different X‐ray lines. Metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMCs) can be an alternative; they can offer both high energy resolution and high intrinsic detection efficiency from 0 to 100 keV. MMCs are thermal detectors; that is to say, the energy of each absorbed photon is measured as a temperature elevation. At very low temperature, typically few tens of mK, a very large pulse height‐to‐noise ratio can be obtained that is an essential condition for high energy resolution.

We are involved in the development of MMCs for metrology applications such as the determination of hard X‐ray emission intensities. For that purpose, we conceived an MMC with an energy resolution of 57 eV around 30 keV. The absorber is made of gold providing high intrinsic detection efficiency even for a small volume, greater than 90% below 60 keV. We will describe the physical principle and the practical realisation of this detector and discuss its performances by analysing the energy spectrum obtained from a 133Ba source. Preliminary outcomes of relative emission intensities of the K X‐ray of cesium are presented and compared with other experimental data and theoretical calculations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Cadmium Coordination Polymer with a (4, 6)‐Connected 3D Network: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Luminescent Properties
Authors: Xu Yun , Che Yun‐Xia , Zheng Ji‐Min
Published: January 2012

A 3D coordination polymer [Cd3(btrc)2(L1)2]n (1) [H3btrc = 1, 2, 4‐benzenetricarboxylic acid; L1 = 1, 4‐bis(1‐imidazolyl)butane] was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction study revealed that polymer 1 presents an unusual example of a trinodal (4, 6)‐connected net with (44·62)(44·610·8) fsc topology. In addition, this polymer was investigated by IR and luminescence spectroscopy, as well as thermogravimetric analyses.
Solvothermal Synthesis and Characterization of One‐dimensional Indium Polyselenides with Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Yao Hua‐Gang , Ji Min , Ji Shou‐Hua , An Yong‐Lin
Published: January 2012

Two different systems were used for syntheses of metal selenides, [Mn(en)3][In2Se5] (1) and [MnSe(en)0.5] (2) by the reactions of In2Se3, MnCl2, and selenium powder at 170 °C for 6 days. Compound 1 contains a one‐dimensional [In2Se5]2– chain propagating along the crystallographic c axis separated by [Mn(en)3]2+ complex cations. The anionic chain is constructed by vertex‐linked InSe4 tetrahedra linked by Se–Se bridges and contains four‐membered [In2Se2] rings and five‐membered [(In3+)2(Se22–)(Se2–)] rings. Compound 2 has a three‐dimensional network containing a monolayer of [MnSe] slabs, which is interconnected by bridging en linkers. The [MnSe] slab is a puckered 63 (honeycomb) net formed by alternating three‐coordinate manganese and selenium atoms.
The role of genital pathogens in morbidity following diathermy loop excision of the transformation zone of the uterine cervix
Authors: Arko Darja , Dovnik Andraž , Fokter Nina , Takač Iztok
Published: January 2012

Objective

To evaluate the role of genital pathogens in postoperative morbidity following diathermy loop excision of the transformation zone (LETZ) of the uterine cervix.

Methods

Patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) who underwent diathermy LETZ were included in a prospective study. Cervical swabs for genital pathogens were collected before the diathermy procedure. After surgery, women were followed‐up regarding the occurrence and severity of postoperative pain, bleeding, and discharge.

Results

Genital pathogens were present in 463 of 788 (58.8%) cases. The most frequently isolated groups of microorganisms were group B β‐hemolytic Streptococcus, α‐hemolytic Streptococcus, Enterococcus species, and coliforms. In patients with genital pathogens, postoperative pain was present in 298 (37.8%), discharge in 262 (33.2%), and bleeding in 236 (29.9%) cases. In patients without genital pathogens, 199 (25.3%) experienced pain, 181 (23.0%) discharge, and 143 (18.1%) bleeding. The differences between the 2 groups were not statistically significant (χ2 for pain = 0.675; χ2 for discharge = 0.031; χ2 for bleeding = 3.444; P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Genital pathogens are very common among patients with CIN and do not affect the occurrence or severity of pain, discharge, or postoperative bleeding after diathermy LETZ.
Group B streptococcus and Escherichia coli colonization in pregnant women and neonates in Lithuania
Authors: Barcaite Egle , Bartusevicius Arnoldas , Tameliene Rasa , Maleckiene Laima , Vitkauskiene Astra , Nadisauskiene Ruta
Published: January 2012

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence of maternal and neonatal colonization with group B streptococcus (GBS) and Escherichia coli, and examine GBS serotypes and susceptibility to antibiotics.

Methods

A prospective cross‐sectional study was carried out in Lithuania between October 2006 and June 2007. Lower vaginal/rectal swabs were obtained from pregnant women (n = 998) and ear canal/throat swabs were obtained from their newborns (n = 827) for culture.

Results

Overall, maternal and neonatal GBS colonization rates were 15.3% and 6.4%, respectively. Serotypes III (34.5%) and Ia (29.7%) were most common. All GBS isolates were susceptible to penicillin and 4.1% were resistant to erythromycin. Overall, maternal and neonatal E. coli colonization rates were 19.9% and 14.4%, respectively. In total, 71.4% of newborns with E. coli colonization were born to E. coli‐negative mothers. E. coli was resistant to ampicillin and piperacillin in 25.9% and 16.6% of cases, respectively. The majority of E. coli‐colonized newborns were contaminated with maternal fecal, but not vaginal, E. coli strains.

Conclusion

Maternal and neonatal GBS colonization rates, serotypes, and susceptibility to antibiotics were comparable to those reported in previous studies. Population‐based data regarding early‐onset neonatal infection rates will enable the formulation of a prevention program for early‐onset GBS disease in Lithuania.
A SIMPLIFIED PROOF OF HESSELHOLT’S CONJECTURE ON GALOIS COHOMOLOGY OF WITT VECTORS OF ALGEBRAIC INTEGERS
Authors: ONG WILSON
Published: January 2012

Let K be a complete discrete valuation field of characteristic zero with residue field kK of characteristic p>0. Let L/K be a finite Galois extension with Galois group G=Gal(L/K) and suppose that the induced extension of residue fields kL/kK is separable. Let 𝕎n(⋅) denote the ring of p-typical Witt vectors of length n. Hesselholt [‘Galois cohomology of Witt vectors of algebraic integers’, Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc.137(3) (2004), 551–557] conjectured that the pro-abelian group {H1 (G,𝕎n (𝒪L))}n≥1 is isomorphic to zero. Hogadi and Pisolkar [‘On the cohomology of Witt vectors of p-adic integers and a conjecture of Hesselholt’, J. Number Theory131(10) (2011), 1797–1807] have recently provided a proof of this conjecture. In this paper, we provide a simplified version of the original proof which avoids many of the calculations present in that version.
V.—Some Account of the Courtenay Tomb in Colyton Church, Devon
Authors: Rogers William Henry Hamilton , Milman Henry Salusbury
Published: January 2012

In Colyton church stands a small high tomb, on which is the recumbent effigy of a young lady with a coronet on her head and a dog at her feet. Over the effigy is a shrine-like canopy; in the sides supporting the canopy are angels withthuribula; and on the outside of the west end in a niche are the Virgin and Holy Child.
XVIII.—Remarks on the Gryphon, Heraldic and Mythological
Authors: Brown Robert
Published: January 2012

The science of heraldry has faithfully preserved to modern times various phases of some of those remarkable legends, which, based upon an accurate study of natural phenomena, exhibit the process whereby the greater part of mythology has come into existence. There we find the lunar Unicorn, the wild, white, fierce, chaste moon, whose two horns, unlike those of mortal creatures, are indissolubly twisted into one, a most remarkable myth, which I have recently fully considered; and there, also, as in every department of ancient thought, the solar power is fully represented. I now propose to examine, briefly, the ancient and widely-spread heraldic myth of the Gryphon.
VI.—Notes on the Great Seals of England used after the Deposition of Charles I. and before the Restoration in 1660
Authors: Cooper William Durrant
Published: January 2012

It is many years since an impression of the Great Seal of England executed by Symons, and admitted by all to be his best work, was submitted to the inspection of the Fellows of our Society; and I believe that none of our present Fellows then belonged to us: so that its re-appearance may have in some measure the character of a new exhibition.
XIII.—Remarks on certain ancient Pelasgic and Latian Vases found in Central Italy. By Joseph Beldam, Esq., F.S.A.: in a letter addressed to J. Y. Akerman, Esq., Secretary
Authors: Beldam Joseph
Published: January 2012

In submitting the accompanying specimens of ancient pottery to the notice of the Society I shall not presume to hazard any theory respecting them; but merely state such facts relating to them as have come under my notice, and offer a few suggestions, with the view of deriving further information. The objects themselves I believe to be rare, and but little known or noticed even in Italy. On this account, as well as in hopes that they may serve to throw some additional light on the difficult subject of Italian ethnology, I have thought them not unworthy of examination, especially as at the present moment the attention of Roman archæologists is so concentrated on the later and more splendid specimens of fictile art, that the rude and aboriginal manufactures are not likely to receive from them much additional notice.
XIX. Some Observations relating to Four Deeds from the Muniment Room at Maxstoke Castle, co. Warwick; exhibited by Joseph Jackson Howard, Esq., F.S.A.
Authors: King Thomas William
Published: January 2012

The earliest of the four Deeds exhibited is without date, but is probably of the latter half of the thirteenth century; by it William de Oddynggeshel, lord of the manor of Solihull, gave and confirmed to Robert Tyberay a piece of land in Solihull, lying in the township of the borough of Solihull, to him and his heirs.
XXIII. Report on Researches in an Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Long Wittenham, Berkshire, in 1859
Authors: Akerman John Yonge
Published: January 2012

The Valley of the Thames had naturally many attractions for our Saxon forefathers. Their cattle found in its meadows abundant pasturage, its marshes were the resort of myriads of wild fowl, while the stream itself afforded the means of transit between the towns and villages on its banks, many of which retain in their names evidence of their Anglo-Saxon origin.
XXX. History of the Boat which gave Peter the Great the first Thought of building the Russian Fleet
Authors: Ellis Henry
Published: January 2012

Among the Sloane Manuscripts in the British Museum there is one, entitled “The Story of the Ship's Boat which gave Peter the Great the first Thought of building the Russian Fleet.”

I am not aware that it has been in print; nor have I found it known to persons whose literary means, and whose knowledge of all which has been published in this or any other country relating to Russia, has enabled them to call such a Tract to recollection. It must have been written more than a century ago, since it is found in Sir Hans Sloane's Collection of Manuscripts, which was transferred to the Trustees of the British Museum in, or soon after, 1753.
XXXIII. Observations on a Picture in Gloucester Cathedral, and some other Representations, of the Last Judgment
Authors: Scharf G.
Published: January 2012

Antiquaries who have visited the Cathedral of Gloucester, or studied the elaborate work on that building published by our Society with the assistance of Mr. Carter, are aware of the existence of a very curious Picture deposited in the south triforium of the choir, representing the Last Judgment. (Plate XXVIII.)
II.—Architectural Features of the City of Ardea
Authors: Parker John Henry
Published: January 2012

The original City or fortress of Ardea was built upon a rock on the coast of the Mediterranean, although the sea has receded so much in that part that it is now three miles off. This is equally the case at Ostia, at the mouth of the Tiber, which is not many miles from Ardea. It is extremely probable that this was among the earliest settlements of the Greeks in that part of Italy, which afterwards came to be called Magna Graecia, although many modern critics will not allow this. According to my ideas, in all these cases of early settlements the walls themselves afford better evidence than anything that has been written about them, because these settlements were made and the walls were built centuries before the use of writing. The comparison of a score of examples of existing remains therefore tells more of true history than any verbal criticism can do.
V.—Message from King James I. to the Earl of Somerset, in the case of Sir Thomas Overbury, sent on the 29th of December, 1615, through Sir George More, Lieutenant of the Tower: communicated from the Manuscripts at Loseley
Authors: Molyneux James More
Published: January 2012

On Friday the 29th of December the King his Matie sent for the Lieutenant of the Tower, and in his Maties wtdrawing chamber sayed unto hym—

I wold have you to tell yor prisoner that I am sory to see that he continues still to take the wrong course to his owne hurt in this buisines, as he hath don sins the beginning of it.
VII.—The Genuineness of the Holy Sepulchre
Authors: Lewin Thomas
Published: January 2012

The great aim of history is to hold up the mirror of the past; but this cannot be done without a knowledge of places as well as of persons. Topography not only illustrates, but also corrects, history: Josephus, for instance, speaks of Jerusalem as having contained occasionally 3,000,000 inhabitants; and in the Jewish War he raises up, by the magic stroke of his pen, countless hosts that never were born; but when we come to examine the localities, we see at once that his statements are preposterous, and that we must accept them at an enormous discount. If topography be so essential an ingredient to history, the more important the events, the more necessary the investigation of the places where the scenes were enacted. It is for this reason that so much attention has of late been directed to the topography of Judea, and of Jerusalem in particular. The inquiry as to the latter has perhaps excited the greater interest from the extreme difficulty with which it is attended. Our information, however, is so rapidly accumulating, that candid minds are now fast converging to a central point.
VIII.—The Mosque of Omar
Authors: Lewin Thomas
Published: January 2012

A cloud of mystery has long shrouded the Mosque of Omar, and various hypotheses have been put forward for solving the enigma. I am about to propound a novel theory; and, as most persons must long since have formed their own conclusions, I feel that prejudices are to be overcome, and that without any partisans, at least to begin with, on my side, I must necessarily have many opponents. The Society however will, I am sure, indulge me with a patient hearing, while I explain my views: Let me in the first place, for the benefit of the uninitiated, state the question at issue.
XII.—On Four Letters from Lord Bacon to Christian IV. King of Denmark, together with Observations on the part taken by him in the Grants of Monopolies made by James I
Authors: Gardiner Samuel Rawson
Published: January 2012

The copies of the four Letters from Lord Bacon to Christian IV. of Denmark, which I have the honour to lay before the Society of Antiquaries, were furnished to Sir Charles Murray, the British Minister at Copenhagen, by M. Wegener, the chief of the Royal Danish Archives, in consequence of an application made to the Foreign Office on my behalf. I can hardly be wrong in bespeaking the thanks of this Society, and of all who honour the memory of Bacon, for those whose ready attention to the request thus made to them has placed us in possession of these papers ; and I may be allowed to mention that, although my application, being based upon a copy of an originally imperfect catalogue, only referred to a single letter, M. Wegener did not content himself with a mere literal fulfilment of the request made to him, but at once sent copies of every letter of Bacon's preserved in the Archives.
XIV.—Remarks on a Bronze Object found at Lucera, and on the Worship of Pan Lycæus, or Faunus Lupercus
Authors: Garrucci Raffaele
Published: January 2012

The very singular, or rather, as regards Italy, the unique bronze relique that I have now undertaken to describe and explain, I consider to be the same that was discovered January 4th, 1800, at the steep pitch of the hill just below the castle of Lucera. This we learn from an account of the discovery given by the Cavaliere Onofrio Bonghi, quoted by Gerhard.
XVI.—On some Roman Bronze Vessels discovered on the Castle Howard Estate, Yorkshire
Authors: Oldfield Edmund
Published: January 2012

The five bronze vessels, now exhibited by the kind permission of Vice-Admiral The Honourable Edward Howard, were first recovered in June, 1856, from the spot where they had lain buried probably since the time of the Roman occupation of Britain. A party of drainers, digging immediately behind a farmhouse on Stittenham Hill, belonging to the Castle Howard estate in Yorkshire, came upon these vessels at about three feet below the surface, placed one within another, in a nest or group. The soil, I understand, is boggy, and the metal accordingly has preserved the smooth unpatinated face and brownish hue common with ancient bronzes found in wet localities. The form of all the vessels is the same, and approximates to that of a modern saucepan; but the bowl of each, instead of having vertical sides and a broad fiat bottom, is curved inwards as it descends, like a cup, and the base is ornamented externally with raised concentric rings. Each handle, which is shaped in simple but not ungraceful curves, has a hole for suspending the vessel from a hook or peg. Round the bowl of the largest vessel runs a narrow engraved border of peculiar pattern.
XVII.—Extracts from the Churchwardens' Accounts of the Parish of Leverton, in the County of Lincoln: a Letter from Edward Peacock, F.S.A. Local Secretary for Lincolnshire, to Augustus Wollaston Franks, Esq. M.A. Director
Authors: Peacock Edward
Published: January 2012

Leverton is a parish in the wapentake of Skirbeck and parts of Holland in the county of Lincoln. The name has usually been thought to be a contraction for Leofric's town, but, as the assertion rests on no better authority than the Pseudo-Ingulph, it may be dismissed without examination. Whatever may have been the origin of the name, it has suffered little distortion or corruption during the course of eight centuries. The Domesday spelling, though not quite the same to the eye, is identical in sound with that of the present day.
XVIII.—Notes on some Roman Architectural Remains discovered in the city of Chester, in the summer of the year 1863: by William Tite, Esq. M.P., F.R.S., V.P.S.A., in a letter to Augustus W. Franks, Esq., Director
Authors: Tite William
Published: January 2012

In the autumn of the last year, on my way back from Newcastle, after the meeting of the British Association, I passed through Chester; a city which, for the antiquary, the archaeologist, and the architect, possesses peculiar charms; and which I never visit without renewed interest. On this occasion however I found Chester to be gradually changing its former character, in consequence of the overpowering influence of the railroad system, which makes it the great centre of the lines of communication in that district. At the station a very large hotel had been erected; and that undertaking having proved successful has probably led to similar speculations in the city itself. The principal hotel in the main street has been taken down, and is now being rebuilt; and in the adjoining street, Bridge Street, another large old inn, known as “The Feathers” (the site of the remains I am about to describe), has been destroyed. Many new and magnificent houses and shops are now occupying the places of the picturesque old wooden buildings of earlier times; but I am glad to perceive that the peculiar feature of Chester domestic architecture, the “Rows,” is still retained; though the ambulatories now constructed are much higher and lighter than the old passages.
XXIII.—On the Position of the Portus Lemanis of the Romans
Authors: Lewin Thomas
Published: January 2012

The Portus Lemanis must clearly have been one of the great thoroughfares between Britain and the Continent, and it is not a little singular that the position of a port once so famous should never have been satisfactorily settled. The common impression is that it lay at the foot of Lymne Hill. For the benefit of those who are not familiar with this neighbourhood, I should mention, in limine, that the village of Lymne or Lympne stands about 2½ miles to the west of Hythe, on the highest part of the cliff which girds in the eastern portion of Romney Marsh. On the declivity of the hill, about half-way down, is seen the old Roman castrum, called Stuttfall, occupying 10 or 12 acres. There are walls on the north, east, and west, and the east and west walls run down to the marsh itself; but, what is remarkable, the south side towards the marsh had never any wall,” and hence the erroneous notion so generally prevalent that at the foot of the castrum was once the Portus Lemanis, and that in the course of ages the sea retired from Lymne, when the port shifted to West Hythe, and that the sea again retired, when the port was transferred to Hythe. I shall endeavour to show that these changes, if they ever occurred, must have preceded the historic period, and that in the time of the Romans, as for many centuries afterwards, the only port was Hythe. In fact Portus and Hythe are the same thing, Portus in Latin being Hyð in Saxon.
XXX.—Instructions given by King Henry VI. to Edward Grimston and others, his Ambassadors to the Duchess of Burgundy, 1449; and Notice of a Portrait of Edward Grimston, painted by Peter Christus in 1446
Authors: Thoms William J. , Franks A. W. , Scharf George
Published: January 2012

I am enabled by the kindness of the Earl of Verulam to exhibit to the Society the original of a Document of some interest in the commercial history of this country.
XXXI.—Description of Ancient Rock-Tombs at Ghain Tiffiha and Tal Horr, Malta
Authors: Swann John S.
Published: January 2012

The tombs at Ghain Tiffiha, which is situated on the west or Gozo side of Malta, three or four miles to the south of St. Paul's Bay, are all cut in the rock, and, though differing slightly in form and dimensions, have a general resemblance, as will be seen by the following descriptions.
XXIII.—On the Land of Ditmarsh, and the Mark Confederation. Communicated by Benjamin Williams, Esq. F.S.A. and F.R.G.S. in a Letter to Rear-Admiral Smyth, K.S.F., F.S.A. &c. &c.
Authors: Williams Benjamin
Published: January 2012

That excellent scholar the lamented Kemble has pointed out the correspondence which exists between the mortuary urns of our ancestors, the borderers on the Elbe and the Eider, and many of our own. The same correspondence may be expected to be found in the institutions we have in common, and I now beg to submit to the Society of Antiquaries some account of probably the most striking example of the old Mark Confederation, the foundation of our elective institutions. In the republican community of Ditmarsh—which existed till the promulgation of the new Danish Code of Laws in 1554—we may see the germ of our power of self-government and of our jury system. Their system of house-marks was certainly once in use amongst our own yeomen, although now nearly obsolete; a system which throws, I think, considerable light on the papers on the Hide of Land and certain Manorial Customs, which, through your encouragement, I submitted to the Society, and which are printed in Volumes XXXIII. and XXXV. of the Archæologia.
XXVII.—The Temple of Serapis at Pozzuoli. By Sir Edmund Head, Bart. Communicated to the President through Professor Babbage, F.R.S.
Authors: Head Edmund
Published: January 2012

There are three questions of an antiquarian character connected with the so-called Temple of Serapis at Pozzuoli, which may be important in discussions relating to the geological phenomena exhibited by that celebrated building. These are:—

1st. Was it a temple of Serapis

2nd. Its probable age?

3rd. Can any light be thrown upon its history, or on the dates of the various changes of level?
XXX. Notices of the Tower of London temp. Elizabeth, and the Horse Armoury temp. Charles I. In a Letter addressed by Wm. Durrant Cooper, Esq., F.S.A. to Robert Lemon, Esq., F.S.A.
Authors: Cooper Wm. Durrant
Published: January 2012

The facilities which you have afforded by the publication of your Kalendar for the public use of the valuable documents preserved in the State-Paper Office, relating to the first half of Queen Elizabeth's reign, and your kindness in permitting me to make extracts from your own book of MSS. on ancient armour, consisting of the scattered Exchequer documents, enable me to send to our Society some notices of the Tower of London and of the armouries there and at Greenwich, which are very interesting in themselves, and are chiefly of a date forty years earlier than the lists communicated by William Bray, Esq. F.S.A. to our Society, and reprinted by Meyrick from the Archæologia.
XI.—An Identification of the Compiler of a Manuscript in the possession of the Earl of Verulam, relating to a Treaty between King Charles I. and the Parliament, in 1648
Authors: Bruce John
Published: January 2012

On the 29th November, 1860, I had the honour to exhibit to the Society of Antiquaries a folio manuscript belonging to the Earl of Verulam, which contains an account of the Treaty between King Charles I. and the Parliament, held at Newport in the Isle of Wight in the autumn of 1648.
XIII.—On the Opening and Removal of a Tomb in Winchester Cathedral, reputed to be that of King William Rufus
Authors: Joyce James Gerald
Published: January 2012

A tomb, or more strictly speaking a stone coffin with a coped top, which for some centuries past has been described as the tomb of King William Rufus, in Winchester Cathedral, was opened, and its contents ascertained, by direction of the Vice-Dean (the Ven. Archdeacon Jacob) on August 27th 1868. Subsequently to the examination it then underwent, its position within the building was changed on the 15th September following. No previous notice of the transaction having been given, except to a few persons residing in the town of Winchester, I have to regret that it was not in my power to be present either at the opening or the removal. As an interest of no ordinary kind attaches to this monument, I have considered the matter to be of sufficient consequence to collect together a summary of the particulars. The tomb has long been reputed to be the resting-place of the first of the great line of English sovereigns of the present dynasty buried in England; but besides this, the fatality which caused his death, the mystery in which it was shrouded, the superstitious hatred of the man, which believed the wrath of Heaven to have followed him in the Cathedral where he lay, and to have hurled over his grave the ruins of the central tower, all contribute to invest with peculiar associations this venerable memorial; to which I have now to add another point of interest, namely, that an archæological question arises for solution as to the actual identity of the tomb so recently opened, and the remains it contained, with the tomb and the remains of the Red King.
XX.—On a Chalice and Paten belonging to the Parish Church of Nettlecombe, in the county of Somerset, with Remarks on Early English Chalices
Authors: Morgan Octavius
Published: January 2012

The remarkably beautiful Chalice and Paten which I had the pleasure of being able to obtain for exhibition at one of the Society's meetings belong to the church of the parish of Nettlecombe, in Somersetshire. They are objects of very great interest, not only from their beauty but also from their antiquity, and the very perfect condition in which we now see them; and this interest is greatly enhanced by the fact of their being of English manufacture, and some of the very earliest remaining examples of English goldsmith's work. In addition to this we have some curious documentary evidence of the manner in which they were preserved, and so have come down to our time.
IV.—Metal Bowls of the Late-Celtic and Anglo-Saxon Periods
Authors: Allen J. Romilly
Published: January 2012

The object of the following paper is to call attention to the highly decorative character of certain metal bowls belonging to the Iron Age, which have been found in Great Britain and in Norway, chiefly with the view of showing that they supply a connecting link between the flamboyant ornament of the Pagan Celtic metal work and the spiral ornament of the Christian Celtic MSS. and sculptured stones.
VIII.—Excavations on the site of the Roman city at Silchester, Hants, in 1897
Authors: Hope W. H. St. John , Fox George B.
Published: January 2012

We have the honour of laying before the Society of Antiquaries, on behalf of the Executive Committee of the Silchester Excavation Fund, an account of the excavations carried out by the Committee in 1897, for the eighth successive season.
XI.—The Identity of the Author of the “Morte d'Arthur,” with Notes on the Will of Thomas Malory and the Genealogy of the Malory Family
Authors: Martin A. T.
Published: January 2012

Genealogical inquiries as a rule are interesting only to historians or to enthusiasts, but a special interest attaches to the inquiry which is the subject of this paper, inasmuch as it claims to throw some light on the identity of the author of the Morte d'Arthur.
XII.—On the Panel Paintings of Saints on the Devonshire Screens
Authors: Keyser Charles E.
Published: January 2012

It is a curious fact that in these days when so much notice is taken of and so many papers have been compiled on the various objects of architectural interest, which fortunately still abound in our English churches, so little attention has been paid to perhaps the most distinctive feature to be found in the churches of Devonshire, namely, the series of scriptural subjects, apostles, prophets, and saints, depicted on the panels of the screens, of which so many and such fine examples have been preserved throughout the county. Elsewhere, except in Norfolk and parts of Suffolk, it is extremely unusual to find figures of saints painted on the panels of the screens, though it is probable that the vandalism and mistaken religious zeal of former days have obliterated many which then existed, and it therefore seems especially important that some attempt should be made to describe and thereby perpetuate a memorial of these specimens of religious art, so comparatively uncommon in this country.
I.—Remarks on a Portrait in the possession of Earl Stanhope, P.S.A. representing the Empress Leonora of Portugal, mother of Maximilian I
Authors: Scharf George , Franks Augustus Wollaston , Huebner Julius
Published: January 2012

I feel much honoured by permission to offer a few words upon the curious and finely-preserved portrait of the Empress Leonora, mother of the great Maximilian, which our noble President exhibits before the Society this evening.
IV.—Observations on an Inscription on an Olla in the Disney Collection of Marbles in the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge
Authors: Coote Henry Charles
Published: January 2012

The inscription on the olla of Accia Tullia in the Disney Collection at Cambridge will be in the recollection of the Fellows, their attention having been specially called to it on December 5th, 1867, by the Rev. H. M. Scarth, who on that evening submitted to the Society an interpretation emanating from the Rev. Dr. McCaul, the learned author of a work upon the epigraphy of Roman Britain.
XV.—Remarks on a Faliscan Inscription
Authors: Garrucci Raffaele
Published: January 2012

With the Faliscan inscription already published in Archæologia there was found another and smaller bronze plate, with inscriptions on either side, varying in date. I will now give the more recent of these, deferring to another occasion the other and more ancient one, which is in Saturnian verse. This plate, like the former, has been torn away from some wall, to which it had been attached by six nails. Hence it has sustained a transverse fracture, and some small fragments are missing. But, fortunately, the sense of the inscription is uninjured, and the loss is confined to a few letters.
III.—Additional Observations on some of the Painters contemporary with Holbein
Authors: Scharf George
Published: January 2012

I beg to address you a few notes which have been suggested by the perusal of your interesting paper upon the contemporaries and successors of Holbein. It is not easy to over-estimate the value of the researches which you have brought to bear on the subject. The termination of Holbein's career, 1543, as shown by Mr. Black's discovery of his will, and confirmed by the Director's investigations, furnishes us with one of the most important turning-points in the early history of art in England that have been met with for many years.
XVII.—Further Observations on the Landing of Cæsar, in connection with the Correspondence between the Society of Antiquaries and the Admiralty
Authors: Lewin Thomas
Published: January 2012

As probably many of those who have heard the Correspondence with the Admiralty read have not made the subject of Cæsar's Invasion their particular study, it may be useful to state the precise question which the recent survey by the Admiralty was intended to settle. It is well known that the first invasion was in the year B.C. 55, and in the harvest month at the south of England, i.e. in August, and it is mentioned incidentally by Cæsar that the full moon occurred on the fourth day after his arrival. The expression is “post diem quartum quam est in Britanniam ventum” (Bell. Gall. iv. 28); and this, according to the Latin idiom, would mean the fourth day, not exclusive but inclusive of the day of arrival, as in the familiar passage of Cicero, “Neque te illo die, neque postero vidi … post diem tertium veni.” (Cicero, Philip, ii. 35.) The full moon here referred to has been ascertained by exact calculation to have occurred on the night of the 30th August, B.C. 55. The day of Cæsar's arrival therefore was on Sunday, 27th August. He tells us that he reached Britain himself at 10 A.M. and waited for the rest of his fleet until 3 P.M. when he advanced eight miles, with the tide in his favour, “et ventum et æstum uno tempore nactus secundum.” (Bell. Gall. iv. 23); so that, assuming him to have anchored off the cliffs between Dover and Sandgate, if he sailed with the flood-tide he would go eastward towards Deal, and if with the ebb tide he would go westward towards Hythe.
XXI. A Roll of Arms of the Thirteenth Century: with Introductory Remarks
Authors: Walford Weston Styleman
Published: January 2012

As no one appreciates more justly than yourself the value and importance of early heraldry in archæological pursuits, I address to you this communication, the object of which is to bring before the Society of Antiquaries a Roll of Arms comprised in the MS. No. 6589 of the Harleian Collection. Unfortunately nothing is known of the original, nor does it appear to whom it at any time belonged. The copy in the Harleian Collection was written in 1606 by Nicholas Charles, Lancaster Herald, who supposed the original to be of the time of Henry III. Judging from internal evidence, it is not quite so early; yet it should seem to have been not later than about 1280. It will be seen from the copy which follows, that it consisted of about 180 coats, comprising the arms of the emperors of Germany and Constantinople, and of most of the kings of Christendom, of several French and German dukes and counts, and about an equal number of English coats, among which are those of a few earls and several barons; and intermixed with the English arms are others with French names prefixed, possibly those of persons from the English dominions in the south of France.
XXIV.—Further Observations on the Portraits of Arthur Prince of Wales
Authors: Scharf George
Published: January 2012

The interest which you so kindly took in the communication that I made to the Society at the beginning of the present year upon the portrait at Windsor Castle, presumed to represent Prince Arthur, eldest son of Henry VII., induces me to address this letter to you. I do so the more willingly as it enables me to state the result of a few investigations begun at your suggestion, and also to acknowledge the liberal assistance I received from various sources whilst prosecuting my researches.
XXVIII.—Notes on the Discoveries of Roman Remains which have taken place at various times in London
Authors: Tite William
Published: January 2012

Whatsoever may have been the real character of the Edifices of Roman London —that most unsettled and open question—it seems to be an indisputable fact, that there must have been within the city many dwellings in which were to be found ornamental pavements, varying in character and beauty, perfection and intention—no less than in the difference of the localities in which they have been brought to light. There was once in the history of the metropolis, a wonderful opportunity for ascertaining what Genuine Reliques of Londinium really existed in London: but at that unparalleled time the exigency of rebuilding a ruined city was so pressing, and the taste and understanding for antiquities so exceedingly limited and low, that almost nothing was done in respect of their discovery, their record, or their preservation. In all these particulars Dr. Woodward, John Strype, Thomas Hearne, and John Bagford, were Antiquaries incomparably in advance of their age; notwithstanding all the want of knowledge and the countless mistakes which may be charged upon them by their successors, whom they have really instructed.
VI.—Notes on several of the Portraits described in the preceding Memoir, and on some others of the like character
Authors: Scharf George
Published: January 2012

1. The portrait of Queen Katharine of Arragon, engraved in Miss Strickland's Lives of the Queens, seems to be the counterpart of a picture formerly in the Lee Priory Collection, and now in the National Portrait Gallery. In this picture the eyes are very dark grey; but in all other portraits that I have seen they are either paler grey or blue.
IX.—An Account of remarkable Subterranean Chambers at Trelowarren, the Seat of Sir R. R. Vyvyan, Bart., in the County of Cornwall
Authors: Blight J. T.
Published: January 2012

On the beautiful domain of Trelowarren there are, in good preservation, very remarkable subterranean chambers, which appear to have been unknown to Dr. Borlase, the county antiquary, and are mentioned by one only of the Cornish historians, Polwhele. Polwhele's description, however, being unaccompanied by plans or accurate measurements, is of little use to the archæologist, and no more may be gathered from his remarks than that those galleries were not in his day, about fifty years ago, so easily to be investigated as at the present time.
XIII.—On the Churches at Rome earlier than the year 1150
Authors: Nesbitt Alexander
Published: January 2012

It will doubtless be generally admitted that the ecclesiastical buildings of the earlier centuries of the Christian era merit careful study, as well from the investigator into the history and antiquities of the Christian Church, as from the architectural antiquary. The style and ornamentation of the church and the baptistery must necessarily reflect something of the tone of feeling towards religious matters which prevailed at the time of their erection, whilst the form of the structure, and even more those fittings and arrangements by which it was adapted to ritual purposes, must obviously have been planned and modified in accordance with the views of the age as regarded liturgical and ritual observances, ecclesiastical discipline, and even articles of faith. To the architectural antiquary, on the other hand, these buildings are interesting as enabling him to study the decline of Roman art, and as links in the great chain of architectural progress.
XIV.—Excavations on the site of the Roman city at Silchester, Hants, in 1898
Authors: Hope W. H. St. John , Fox George E.
Published: January 2012

For the ninth successive year we have the honour of laying before the Society of Antiquaries a report of the work of the Silchester Excavation Fund.

Operations in 1898 were begun on 2nd May, under the direction of Mr. Frederick Davis, and continued until harvest by Mr. Herbert Jones. Later works, and the filling up of the excavations, were carried out by Mr. Mill Stephenson, who brought the season's work to a close on 26th November.

The exploration of the site on a systematic plan was begun by the Fund in 1890, and has continued yearly with such success that out of the 100 acres within the city wall over 60 have now been fully examined.
XVIII.—On a German Astronomico-Astrological Manuscript, and on the Origin of the Signs of the Zodiac
Authors: Brown Robert
Published: January 2012

The folio MS. which I have the honour to exhibit to the Society, and which has been bound in calf and vaguely lettered Varia Curiosa, is a fragment consisting of 45 leaves, forming ff. 197-241 of the original compilation, and appears to belong to the latter part of the fifteenth century, and to be the production of some German artist of the Augsburg school. The treatise is of an astronomico-astrological character, and commences with some general observations headed “Concerning the whole of the heavens and stars,” which deal with astronomical distances, etc. The writer passes on (f. 199) to speak of the heaven of the fixed stars: “The firmament of heaven is a circle, in which circle are the fixed stars or the constellations. Under the same circle is another circle, that of the Zodiac.” He then proceeds (ff. 199A-210A) to treat of the Zodiacal Signs, and mentions whether each is diurnal or nocturnal.” Throughout the treatise he uses the formula: “—is a Sign of the heaven and has many stars.”
XXII.—Some Historical Aspects of the English Law of Attainder and Forfeiture for High Treason
Authors: Bailey Alfred
Published: January 2012

A knowledge of the working of the English Law of Attainder and Forfeiture for High Treason is essential to a proper understanding of the History of England in the Middle Ages, especially during the period of the Wars of the Roses.

Perhaps the working of the law can be shown best in individual cases. Let us select as examples the fortunes of the dignities and estates which but for forfeiture and other intervening circumstances would have centred in the ill-fated Edward Earl of Warwick, last male scion of the splendid House of Plantagenet.
I.—Masons' Marks at Westminster Hall
Authors: Freshfield Edwin
Published: January 2012

When, in the spring of 1882, the First Commissioner of Works announced his intention of proceeding to destroy the old law courts at Westminster, it seemed to me that it became necessary for every person interested in antiquities—and particularly in the antiquities of London—to watch with interest the result of this destruction, and in consequence I obtained permission from the Chief Commissioner to visit the place myself, and also to take with me two friends—Fellows of the Society. I selected for this purpose my friends Mr. Micklethwaite and Mr. Somers Clarke. I should like to say something personal to myself, however, to explain why I thought I was for many reasons a proper person to watch these buildings. My grandfathers upon both my father's and mother's side, my father and myself, have been attorneys of the Court of King's and Queen's Bench at Westminster for a period stretching over very nearly one hundred years, and as the law courts at Westminster were built somewhere about the year 1812, we have collectively seen them built and destroyed.
II.—A Note on the Hall of William Rufus at Westminster
Authors: Micklethwaite J.T.
Published: January 2012

The demolition of the law courts on the west side of Westminster Hall, and the consequent exposure of all that is left of the ancient work there, are my excuse for bringing forward now a matter which by itself would scarcely deserve to be made the subject of a communication to the Society. For I have not to tell of any great discovery, but to comment upon evidence which exists for the most part only in the shape of drawings of work now destroyed.
V.—Notes on recent excavations on the supposed site of the Artemisium, near the Lake of Nemi, made by Sir John Savile Lumley, G.C.B.
Authors: Pullan R.P.
Published: January 2012

The following brief observations have reference to a remarkable discovery that has very recently been made by Sir John Savile Lumley, Her Britannic Majesty's Ambassador at Rome, near the lake of Nemi. The excavations which he has carried on at that spot simultaneously with those at Cività, La Vigna,—about which you have lately had a paper submitted to you,—have apparently resulted in the identification of the site of the Artemisium—the shrine of Diana Aricina.
IX.—Some further Notice of the Diamond Signet of Henrietta Maria, queen of Charles I.; of the King's Diamond; and of the Sapphire Signet believed to be that of Mary Queen of William III
Authors: Fortnum C. Drury E.
Published: January 2012

On the 20th November, 1880, I had the honour of exhibiting to the Society at their meeting the diamond signet, engraved by order of King Charles I., with “ore Armes” and with the “tres of the name of or deerest Consort the Queene on each side,” and of reading some descriptive and other notes on this interesting historical relic.
X.—The Seal of Cardinal Andrea de Valle, A.D. 1517, with remarks on some other cardinals' seals of that period, ascribed to Lautizio of Perugia, and to Cellini
Authors: Fortnum C. Drury E.
Published: January 2012

The remarkable seal to which I have the pleasure of directing the attention of our Society this evening is one of several which were made for the use of certain art-loving cardinals during the earlier half of the sixteenth century, and which were the workmanship of at least two of the skilful goldsmiths of that prolific artistic period.