bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Techniques for Improvement Sustainability Engineering Processes
Authors: Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras , Pamučar Dragan , Stević Željko , Mardani Abbas
Published: June 2020

The success of any activity and process depends fundamentally on the possibility of balancing (symmetry) needs and their satisfaction. That is, the ability to properly define a set of success indicators. The application of the developed new multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods can be eliminated or decreased by decision-makers’ subjectivity, which leads to consistency or symmetry in the weight values of the criteria. In this Special Issue, 40 research papers and one review study co-authored by 137 researchers from 23 different countries explore aspects of multi-criteria modeling and optimization in crisp or uncertain environments. The papers proposing new approaches and elaborate case studies in the following areas of applications: MCDM optimization in sustainable engineering, environmental sustainability in engineering processes, sustainable multi-criteria production and logistics processes planning, integrated approach for modeling processes in engineering, new trends in the multi-criteria evaluation of sustainable processes, multi-criteria decision-making in strategic management based on sustainable criteria.
ECCPoW: Error-Correction Code based Proof-of-Work for ASIC Resistance
Authors: Jung Hyunjun , Lee Heung-No
Published: June 2020

Bitcoin is the first cryptocurrency to participate in a network and receive compensation for online remittance and mining without any intervention from a third party, such as financial institutions. Bitcoin mining is done through proof of work (PoW). Given its characteristics, the higher hash rate results in a higher probability of mining, leading to the emergence of a mining pool, called a mining organization. Unlike central processing units or graphics processing units, high-cost application-specific integrated circuit miners have emerged with performance efficiency. The problem is that the obtained hash rate exposes Bitcoin’s mining monopoly and causes the risk of a double-payment attack. To solve this problem, we propose the error-correction code PoW (ECCPoW), combining the low-density parity-check decoder and hash function. The ECCPoW contributes to the phenomenon of symmetry in the proof of work (PoW) blockchain. This paper proposes the implementation of ECCPoW, replacing the PoW in Bitcoin. Finally, we compare the mining centralization, security, and scalability of ECCPoW and Bitcoin.
A Non-Enzyme and Non-Label Sensitive Fluorescent Aptasensor Based on Simulation-Assisted and Target-Triggered Hairpin Probe Self-Assembly for Ochratoxin a Detection
Authors: Qian Mengyao , Hu Wenxiao , Wang Luhui , Wang Yue , Dong Yafei
Published: June 2020

The monitoring and control of mycotoxins has caused widespread concern due to their adverse effects on human health. In this research, a simple, sensitive and non-label fluorescent aptasensor has been reported for mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) detection based on high selectivity of aptamers and amplification of non-enzyme hybridization chain reaction (HCR). After the introduction of OTA, the aptamer portion of hairpin probe H1 will combine with OTA to form OTA-aptamer complexes. Subsequently, the remainder of the opened H1 will act as an initiator for the HCR between the two hairpin probes, causing H1 and H2 to be sequentially opened and assembled into continuous DNA duplexes embedded with numerous G-quadruplexes, leading to a significant enhancement in fluorescence signal after binding with N-methyl-mesoporphyrin IX (NMM). The proposed sensing strategy can detect OTA with concentration as low as 4.9 pM. Besides, satisfactory results have also been obtained in the tests of actual samples. More importantly, the thermodynamic properties of nucleic acid chains in the monitoring platform were analyzed and the reaction processes and conditions were simulated before carrying out biological experiments, which theoretically proved the feasibility and simplified subsequent experimental operations. Therefore, the proposed method possess a certain application value in terms of monitoring mycotoxins in food samples and improving the quality control of food security.
Next-Generation Sequencing for HIV Drug Resistance Testing: Laboratory, Clinical, and Implementation Considerations
Authors: Ávila-Ríos Santiago , Parkin Neil , Swanstrom Ronald , Paredes Roger , Shafer Robert , Ji Hezhao , Kantor Rami
Published: June 2020

Higher accessibility and decreasing costs of next generation sequencing (NGS), availability of commercial kits, and development of dedicated analysis pipelines, have allowed an increasing number of laboratories to adopt this technology for HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) genotyping. Conventional HIVDR genotyping is traditionally carried out using population-based Sanger sequencing, which has a limited capacity for reliable detection of variants present at intra-host frequencies below a threshold of approximately 20%. NGS has the potential to improve sensitivity and quantitatively identify low-abundance variants, improving efficiency and lowering costs. However, some challenges exist for the standardization and quality assurance of NGS-based HIVDR genotyping. In this paper, we highlight considerations of these challenges as related to laboratory, clinical, and implementation of NGS for HIV drug resistance testing. Several sources of variation and bias occur in each step of the general NGS workflow, i.e., starting material, sample type, PCR amplification, library preparation method, instrument and sequencing chemistry-inherent errors, and data analysis options and limitations. Additionally, adoption of NGS-based HIVDR genotyping, especially for clinical care, poses pressing challenges, especially for resource-poor settings, including infrastructure and equipment requirements and cost, logistic and supply chains, instrument service availability, personnel training, validated laboratory protocols, and standardized analysis outputs. The establishment of external quality assessment programs may help to address some of these challenges and is needed to proceed with NGS-based HIVDR genotyping adoption.
Infectious Norovirus Is Chronically Shed by Immunocompromised Pediatric Hosts
Authors: Davis Amy , Cortez Valerie , Grodzki Marco , Dallas Ronald , Ferrolino Jose , Freiden Pamela , Maron Gabriela , Hakim Hana , Hayden Randall T. , Tang Li , Huys Adam , Kolawole Abimbola O. , Wobus Christiane E. , Jones Melissa K. , Karst Stephanie M. , Schultz-Cherry Stacey
Published: June 2020

Noroviruses are a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. Although infections in healthy individuals are self-resolving, immunocompromised individuals are at risk for chronic disease and severe complications. Chronic norovirus infections in immunocompromised hosts are often characterized by long-term virus shedding, but it is unclear whether this shed virus remains infectious. We investigated the prevalence, genetic heterogeneity, and temporal aspects of norovirus infections in 1140 patients treated during a 6-year period at a pediatric research hospital. Additionally, we identified 20 patients with chronic infections lasting 37 to >418 days. Using a new human norovirus in vitro assay, we confirmed the continuous shedding of infectious virus for the first time. Shedding lasted longer in male patients and those with diarrheal symptoms. Prolonged shedding of infectious norovirus in immunocompromised hosts can potentially increase the likelihood of transmission, highlighting the importance of isolation precautions to prevent nosocomial infections.
Extracellular Vesicles in Viral Spread and Antiviral Response
Authors: Bello-Morales Raquel , Ripa Inés , López-Guerrero José Antonio
Published: June 2020

Viral spread by both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses may be mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes. These secreted vesicles have been demonstrated to be an efficient mechanism that viruses can use to enter host cells, enhance spread or evade the host immune response. However, the complex interplay between viruses and EVs gives rise to antagonistic biological tasks—to benefit the viruses, enhancing infection and interfering with the immune system or to benefit the host, by mediating anti-viral responses. Exosomes from cells infected with herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) may transport viral and host transcripts, proteins and innate immune components. This virus may also use MVs to expand its tropism and evade the host immune response. This review aims to describe the current knowledge about EVs and their participation in viral infection, with a specific focus on the role of exosomes and MVs in herpesvirus infections, particularly that of HSV-1.
Reply to Comments on: Li et al. (2019) “Bioelectrochemical Systems for Groundwater Remediation: The Development Trend and Research Front Revealed by Bibliometric Analysis” Water, 11, 1532
Authors: Li Wei , Chen Xiaohong , Xie Linshen , Liu Zhao , Xiong Xiangyun
Published: June 2020

Thank you for the comments [...]
Water Price Effects on Consumption and Territorial Imbalances in Spain in the Context of the Water Framework Directive
Authors: García-López Marcos , Montano Borja
Published: June 2020

This research examines the water tariff applied to Spanish households with the aim of determining the adequacy of the river-basin approach established by the water framework directive (WFD). The analysis pays particular attention to Spain’s interregional differences in water prices, as well as determining the most influential factors in household water consumption. The results achieved through minimum ordinary squares and 2-stage least squares show the great influence of relevant factors such as the composition of the household, as the most populated households are penalized by the structure of the rate. In addition, there is evidence of inefficiency of the approach derived from the existence of regional differences, since the prices are higher in those regions where resources are reduced, a fact related to the higher cost of service. Thus, taking into account the excessive attention to the cost of the service, the results obtained allow to propose a change in the rate with the aim of balancing prices between regions taking into account factors such as the structure of the household or income.
Characterizing Hydrological Drought and Water Scarcity Changes in the Future: A Case Study in the Jinghe River Basin of China
Authors: Sun Chaoxing , Zhou Xiong
Published: June 2020

The assessment of future climate changes on drought and water scarcity is extremely important for water resources management. A modeling system is developed to study the potential status of hydrological drought and water scarcity in the future, and this modeling system is applied to the Jinghe River Basin (JRB) of China. Driven by high-resolution climate projections from the Regional Climate Modeling System (RegCM), the Variable Infiltration Capacity model is employed to produce future streamflow projections (2020–2099) under two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios. The copula-based method is applied to identify the correlation between drought variables (i.e., duration and severity), and to further quantify their joint risks. Based on a variety of hypothetical water use scenarios in the future, the water scarcity conditions including extreme cases are estimated through the Water Exploitation Index Plus (WEI+) indicator. The results indicate that the joint risks of drought variables at different return periods would decrease. In detail, the severity of future drought events would become less serious under different RCP scenarios when compared with that in the historical period. However, considering the increase in water consumption in the future, the water scarcity in JRB may not be alleviated in the future, and thus drought assessment alone may underestimate the severity of future water shortage. The results obtained from the modeling system can help policy makers to develop reasonable future water-saving planning schemes, as well as drought mitigation measures.
Tracing the Spatial Distribution of Whole-Lake Exchange of Groundwater and Lake Water in Low-Hydraulic Gradient Systems Using δ18O and Electrical Conductivity and Uncertain End-Member Mixing Analysis
Authors: Engesgaard Peter , Solvang Ingeborg S. , Steiness Mads , Kristensen Emil , Kragh Theis , Duque Carlos
Published: June 2020

δ18O and electrical conductivity (EC) were used successfully to trace the spatial distribution of whole-lake groundwater-lake exchange for a small (four ha) groundwater-fed lake situated in a low relief and low hydraulic gradient area. The method relies on quick sampling of shallow groundwater, direct analysis of EC in the field, and relatively in-expensive analysis of δ18O in the laboratory. Ternary uncertain end-member mixing analysis (precipitation, groundwater, and lake water) quantified the composition of water discharging to and recharging from the lake. The tracer distribution and mixing analysis were in agreement with the interpreted groundwater flow near the lake. The use of only one tracer (either δ18O or EC) gave the same results for the recharge segments, but the discharge segments changed the origin of the water from being groundwater to precipitation controlled. The two tracers complemented each other, especially with different signals in precipitation and groundwater. The uncertain end-members were assessed based on local (groundwater and lake water) and off-site (precipitation) data. The off-site data were found to be useful if it contained representative information on local-site seasonality (uncertainty, variance). Final end-member concentrations could explain the transience of the hydrology at the site (i.e., flooding of the area adjacent to the lake during periods with high precipitation, and variability of the δ18O signal in precipitation). This methodology potentially represents a new option to study groundwater-lake systems. The tracer information collected over only two days is useful by itself for developing the next steps like the quantification of fluxes based on other standard methods (Darcy approach, seepage meters, or temperature). The tracer information can provide quantitative estimation of inputs and outputs by using the mixing analysis.
State and Strategy of Production, Market and Integrated Management of Mineral Water, South Korea
Authors: Lee Byeong Dae , Oh Yong Hwa , Kim Won Bin , Hwang Jaehong , Lim Woo-Ri , Choi Sung-Ja , Hamm Se-Yeong
Published: June 2020

In this study, the state of the production, market, and integrated management of mineral water in South Korea was assessed and a strategy was established to improve the competitiveness of mineral water with respect to foreign brands. Diverse data, including a number of mineral water manufacturers, daily permitted volume, daily production amounts, sales volume, and sales amounts, were used to clarify the state of mineral water and establish a strategy. Real-time data transmitted from the mineral water manufacturers were analyzed and managed in an integrated management system (IMS). Chemical characteristics of mineral water were analyzed to assess water quality and identify problems related to contamination. This study shows that specialization plans according to geological characteristics should be established, rather than focusing on quantitative growth by a low-cost sales method. The establishment of contamination management plans was found to be needed for wells with potential pollution due to sub-surface inflow into the wells. We suggest that an independent editing system of the attribute information needs to be designed based on the analysis and management of the IMS.
Booster Biocides Levels in the Major Blood Cockle (Tegillarca granosa L., 1758) Cultivation Areas along the Coastal Area of Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Mukhtar Aqilah , Zulkifli Syaizwan Zahmir , Mohamat-Yusuff Ferdaus , Harino Hiroya , Azmai Mohammad Noor Amal , Ismail Ahmad
Published: June 2020

Booster biocides have been rapidly growing in use, mainly in the shipping industry and in agricultural activities. The use of booster biocides is known to cause adverse effects on marine ecosystems, such as by inhibiting the photosynthesis process in marine plants, and they have the potential to accumulate in marine organisms. In the present study, booster biocides of Irgarol 1051, diuron, 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) and chlorothalonil were measured in the major blood cockle (Tegillarca granosa) cultivation areas along the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The highest Irgarol 1051 mean was found in the blood cockle with a value of 98.92 ± 13.65 µg/kg in Kapar, Selangor, while the means of diuron and its metabolites and 3,4-DCA showed the highest values of 40.31 ± 7.61 and 41.42 ± 21.58 µg/kg in Kapar, Selangor and Sungai Ayam, Johor, respectively. Sungai Ayam, Johor also exhibited the highest amount of chlorothalonil of 29.76 ± 8.80 µg/kg. By referring to sediment quality guidelines, about 72% and more than 90% of sediment samples exceeded the environmental risk limits (ERLs) and maximum permissible concentration (MPC) for Irgarol 1051 and diuron, respectively. However, referring to the risk characterization ratio (RCR), none of the blood cockle samples exceeded 1, which means that there is no potential for adverse effects to occur. Thus, the contaminants in the marine ecosystem caused by booster biocides are highlighted as a serious issue, mainly in sediment.
Assessing the Resilience of Agricultural Reservoirs in Ungauged Catchments under Climate Change Using a Ratio Correction Factors-Based Calibration and Run Theory
Authors: Lee Sang-Hyun , Shin Sungtae , Choi Jin-Yong , Park Jihoon , Yoo Seung-Hwan
Published: June 2020

This study applied ratio correction factor (RCF) optimization to calibrate the daily storage of agricultural reservoirs located in ungauged catchments that lack stream flow data. Using Run theory, we then assessed the impacts of climate change on the resilience of agricultural reservoir operations during reservoir drought conditions. First, we optimized the RCFs of inflow and outflow in three agricultural reservoirs in Korea using limited measurement data from 2008 to 2017; the results showed high performance regarding the simulation of daily reservoir storage. Second, we simulated daily storage volume in reservoirs from 2018 to 2099, using future climate change data, and analyzed the duration and intensity of reservoir drought conditions, which indicated that the storage capacity is under the critical value. Without calibration, the correlation between the simulated and measured reservoir water volumes was very low, but the correlation increased after calibration of the simulated water volumes. A linear relationship between the simulated and measured volumes was observed with a correlation coefficient value of 0.9, indicating that the simulated reservoir values after calibration closely match the measured values. In addition, the maximum intensity of reservoir drought in the Kicheon reservoir was determined to be 486,000 m3 before calibration but 506,000 m3 after calibration. The duration results showed that long-term reservoir drought conditions will be observed more often in the future owing to climate change, and this could be a negative factor affecting the resilience of reservoir operations.
Effects of Waterlogging with Different Water Resources on Plant Growth and Tolerance Capacity of Four Herbaceous Flowers in a Bioretention Basin
Authors: Yang Wen-Chi , Lin Kuan-Hung , Wu Chun-Wei , Chang Yu-Jie , Chang Yu-Sen
Published: June 2020

Extreme weather events have increased due to climate change. Bioretention basins can effectively alleviate urban flooding by short-term water retention. Reclaimed water (RW) is considered an alternative water resource during water shortages. In this study, the abilities for waterlogging tolerance of four herbaceous flowers (angelonia, narrow-leaf zinnia, celosia, and medallion flower) are investigated to screen suitable ornamental plants for bioretention basins, and the influence of RW on the plants is also evaluated. All plants were treated with 10 days of waterlogging (electrical conductivity (EC) of tap water = 110.0 μS·cm−1) followed by a seven-day recovery. Angelonia (Angelonia salicariifolia Humb. & Bonpl) was not affected by waterlogging and showed the best performance, judged from the ornamental quality, photosynthesis rate, and leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) among the tested flowers. Photosynthesis of the narrow-leaf zinnia (Zinnia angustifolia Kunth) decreased during waterlogging but soon recovered after being drained. Celosia (Celosia argentea L.) and medallion flower (Melampodium paludosum Kunth) were significantly affected by waterlogging and did not recover after drainage, in terms of responses to both external and physiological reactions. Moreover, waterlogging by the simulated RW (EC = 542.4 μS·cm−1) did not have negative impacts on angelonia and narrow-leaf zinnia, due to the reduced leaf malondialdehyde concentration of angelonia and retarded the decline in the net photosynthesis rate of narrow-leaf zinnia. Thus, RW could be used as an alternative irrigation water resource for bioretention basins during the dry season to maintain plant growth.
Quantification and Speciation of Trace Metals under Pollution Impact: Case Study of a Subarctic Lake
Authors: Dinu Marina I. , Shkinev Valery M. , Moiseenko Tatyana I. , Dzhenloda Rustam Kh. , Danilova Tatyana V.
Published: June 2020

Monitoring the quantity and quality of metals in lake water is a major part of assessing water toxicity. A fundamental aspect of geochemical monitoring studies is the evaluation of the equilibrium distribution of metal speciation in water and the influence of environmental conditions on this process. It is important to understand the difference between the behavior of nanoparticles, dissolved particles, colloid particles, and suspended particles. This study involved environmental aquatic chemistry research and the assessment of the geochemical processes of metal speciation in an arctic lake in the metallurgical waste zone and other areas where natural processes prevail. Consecutive and parallel membrane filtration methods were used to compare the results of water analysis in Imandra Lake. The membrane pore sizes were 8, 1.2, 0.45, and 0.2 µm. The following filtrate characteristics were used: microfiltration-based mechanical suspension and oxidized contaminants (>8, 1.2, 0.45, 0.2, 0.1 μm), and ultrafiltration-based colloids, bacteria, viruses, etc. (less than 0.1 μm). Industrial effluents led to the formation of higher concentrations of elements (Ni, Cu, and Pb) in their labile forms. In the wastewater-mixing zone, the concentrations of most elements were evenly distributed in depth. In more distant areas, we found a significant increase in the concentration of elements in the near-bottom horizon in comparison with the surface water (Fe by more than three times). The obtained results showed that numerous elements had diverse distributions by speciation in the points located closer to the source of wastewater. This indicated the significant influence of the adsorption process on the system balance of elements such as Fe, Cu, and rare earth elements. The impact of the regional geochemical and anthropogenic speciation and the possible influence of climatic factors on the distribution of speciation were determined.
The Use of Chemical Methods and Magnetic Field in Conditioning and Dewatering of Digested Sewage Sludge
Authors: Kamizela Tomasz , Kowalczyk Mariusz , Zawieja Iwona
Published: June 2020

This study verified the possibility of sludge conditioning before dewatering using a combination of factors such as iron coagulant, polyelectrolyte, and the magnetic field generated by a solenoid. It was assumed that further conditioning with the magnetic field, leads to the formation of a rigid structure of sludge flocs by the destabilized and flocculated solid phase particles in the sludge (using the conditioning dual chemical method: PIX—polyelectrolyte). The resulting structure can increase the efficiency of sludge cake filtration by reducing sludge compressibility and maintaining the porosity necessary for the flow of removed water through the filter cake. The effects of the exposure of conditioned sludge (after the dual chemical method) to the magnetic field depended on two factors. The first factor was the direction of sludge flow through the magnetic field. This was a key factor in improving the efficiency of sludge conditioning using this method. The sludge flow through the solenoid in the direction opposite to the magnetic field had a strong effect on the particles. The second factor was the rate of sludge flow through the magnetic field. Better results were obtained for a flow rate of 1.0 L/min than for pumping sludge through a coil at a rate of 2.0 L/min. At a flow rate of 1.0 L/min, the exposure time of the sludge to the magnetic field was 6.6 s. Too high a flow rate may lead to the deterioration of filtration efficiency by adverse changes in the structure of sludge flocs. This may be due to the mechanical destruction of the flocs structure of sludge by a too turbulent flow.
Charged Particle (Negative Ion)-Based Cloud Seeding and Rain Enhancement Trial Design and Implementation
Authors: Zheng Wei , Xue Fengming , Zhang Ming , Wu Qiqi , Yang Zhou , Ma Shaoxiang , Liang Haotian , Wang Chuliang , Wang Yuxing , Ai Xinkun , Yang Yong , Yu Kexun
Published: June 2020

China has been suffering from water shortage for a long time. Weather modification and rainfall enhancement via cloud seeding has been proved to be effective to alleviate the problem. Current cloud seeding methods mostly rely on solid carbon dioxide and chemicals such as silver iodide and hygroscopic salts, which may have negative impacts on the environment and are expensive to operate. Lab experiments have proved the efficiency of ion-based cloud seeding compared with traditional methods. Moreover, it is also more environmentally friendly and more economical to operate at a large scale. Thus, it is necessary to carry out a field experiment to further investigate the characteristics and feasibility of the method. This paper provides the design and implementation of the ion-based cloud seeding and rain enhancement trial currently running in Northwest China. It introduces the basic principle of the trial and the devices developed for it, as well as the installation of the bases and the evaluation method design for the trial.
Establishing a Smart Farm-Scale Piggery Wastewater Treatment System with the Internet of Things (IoT) Applications
Authors: Su Jung-Jeng , Ding Shih-Torng , Chung Hsin-Cheng
Published: June 2020

The conventional piggery wastewater treatment system is mainly a manual operation system which may be well managed by experienced technicians. However, the pig farmers must simultaneously manage their pig production as well as their on-farm wastewater treatment facility. For this study, Internet of Things (IoT) applications were introduced on a 1000-pig farm to establish a smart piggery wastewater treatment system, which was upgraded from a self-developed fully automatic wastewater treatment system. Results showed that the removal efficiency of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and suspended solids (SS) of the piggery wastewater based on the sensor data before and after water quality sensor calibration were 89%, 94%, and 93%, and 94%, 86%, and 96%, respectively. Moreover, the removal efficiency of BOD, COD, and SS of the piggery wastewater based on the analytical chemical data before and after water quality sensor calibration were 93%, 89%, and 97%, and 94%, 86%, and 96%, respectively. Experimental results showed that overall removal efficiency of BOD, COD, and SS of the piggery wastewater after water quality sensor calibration were 94%, 86–87%, and 96%, respectively. Results revealed that the farm-scale smart piggery wastewater treatment system was feasible to be applied and extended to more commercial pig farms for establishing sustainable pig farming.
Assessing the Guidelines for Pre-Harvest Clearing Operations of Understory in First Thinnings: Preliminary Results from Stora Enso in Finland
Authors: KÄRHÄ Kalle , BERGSTRÖM Dan
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study was to analyze forest industry professionals’ opinions of the utility of pre-clearance work prior to the first-thinning operations. A total of 153 interviews were conducted with three groups of professionals (forest machine entrepreneurs, harvester operators and logging officers) with a response rate of 80%. In general, the respondents agreed that the occurrence of understory would hinder the cutting work if the softwood tree understory density exceeded 1,152 trees/ha and a height of 1.42 m. The corresponding values for broadleaved trees were 1,669 trees/ha and a height of 1.86 m. The respondents stated that trees eligible for logging should be pre-cleared within a circular area with a mean radius of 1.24 m, and the stump height of cleared trees should not exceed 10.8 cm. In intermediate areas (i.e., outside of the circular areas) understory trees exceeding a height of 1.96 m should be pre-cleared. Pre-harvest clearing should be conducted, on average, 9.2 months prior to the logging operation. The results indicated significant differences between the opinions of the respondents concerning the understory density, the height that would hinder cutting and the most convenient pre-harvest clearing method. As a result of this research, pre-clearance guidelines, based on the best-practice knowledge of the professionals, was launched at Stora Enso company in Finland. Because the study results were based on subjective knowledge, they should be validated by long-term empirical data collection and continuing analysis of the effect of understory trees on the efficiency of a forest machine operator.
rol del Banco Mundial en la cooperación internacional para la gestión del medioambiente:
Authors: Carcedo Juan Facundo
Published: June 2020

El artículo analiza la cooperación entre el Banco Mundial y Argentina en la gestión del medioambiente, precisamente en la problemática de la cuenca Matanza-Riachuelo, una de las regiones más contaminadas del mundo. La hipótesis que guió el artículo señala que el Banco Mundial durante el periodo 2003 -2015 ha desempeñado un activo rol en cuanto a inanciar y asistir técnicamente a Argentina en cuestiones de medioambiente, el cual se ha materializado en la cooperación a través del Proyecto de Desarrollo Sustentable de la Cuenca Matanza-Riachuelo, signiicativo por su monto.
economía Política Internacional:
Authors: Godoy Pablo
Published: June 2020

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis de las similitudes y diferencias de las perspectivas teóricas de Susan Strange y Robert Gilpin dentro de la Economía Política Internacional (EPI). Para eso, se procederá en una primera instancia a abordar el concepto de EPI en el marco de la teoría de las relaciones internacionales (TRI), sus interrogantes, conceptos clave y contexto en el que surge. En segundo lugar, se analizará cómo abordan la EPI ambos autores, remarcando sus similitudes en cuanto a problemáticas abordadas pero también destacando sus diferencias en cuanto a cómo interpretar los fenómenos estudiados. Por último, se propondrán algunas reflexiones a modo de conclusión del trabajo, donde se destacarán los principales aportes a la EPI y a la TRI en general de cada autor.
Cambios en las dinámicas de control del Comercio Internacional:
Authors: Arnoldi Paula
Published: June 2020

Esta investigación se centra en estudiar los cambios ocurridos en las dinámicas de control de los flujos del comercio internacional, en un contexto global de incremento de la amenaza del terrorismo global. La naturaleza del comercio exterior instala un interrogante de difícil resolución: ¿cómo equilibrar la necesidad de incrementar la seguridad del comercio exterior con la importancia de facilitar los intercambios comerciales en un contexto global de constante crecimiento? La respuesta adoptada por la Organización Mundial de Aduanas, a través del “Marco Normativo SAFE para Facilitar y Asegurar el Comercio Internacional”, y la figura del Programa Operador Económico Autorizado (OEA), es la de promover la cooperación con el sector privado para identificar operadores confiables que permitan a las aduanas concentrar sus esfuerzos en las cargas de alto riesgo.
Japón y la búsqueda del poder blando:
Authors: Chort Florencia
Published: June 2020

Japón es un país sumamente rico en cultura e historia y también un centro líder en diesño e innovación. Desde las artesanías tradicionales con un atractivo moderno hasta los alimentos gourmet y los productos culturales de vanguardia, Japón está redefiniendo su reputación como nación pionera en creatividad, diseño, moda y entretenimiento.

La presente investigación se propone analizar de qué modo el Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Comercio (METI) buscó incrementar el poder blando de Japón a través de la estrategia Cool Japan durante el período 2010-2017. Para poder dar cuenta del objetivo planteado, se examinan los incentivos del METI para desarrollar la estrategia y las medidas que se aplicaron para la puesta en marcha de la misma.
Reseña GUTIÉRREZ CASTILLO, Victor Luis y VILLALTA VIZCARRA, Ana Elizabeth (coord.) (2018) América Latina y el Derecho del Mar. Liber amicorum in honour of Alfredo Martínez Moreno. Ed. Tirant lo Blanch. Libro digital
Authors: Castello Vanesa
Published: June 2020

Reseña
Use of Different Agro-wastes in the Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) Kummer
Authors: Iwuagwu Mary , Nwaukwa Deborah , Nwaru Chidi
Published: June 2020

Agro-wastes are abundant in both rural and urban areas and when carelessly disposed off to the environment by dumping or burning, they lead to environmental pollution, and consequently to health hazards. Growing of edible mushroom on these wastes can contribute to decrease in environment pollution. This work investigated the growth and yield of Pleurotus ostreatus on different agro-wastes: plantain midrib (PM), corn straw (CS), sugarcane bagasse (SB) and their combinations (PM+CS, PM+SB, CS+SB, CS+PM+SB) with a view to finding the best substrate for the growth of P. ostreatus. The experiment was carried out using completely randomized design with seven treatments and three replications. Results revealed that mycelia growth period and days to pinhead formation were faster in corn straw (7 and 11 days, respectively from the day of inoculation), this was followed by CS+SB (8 and 12 days, respectively) while CS+PM+SB recorded the longest days (13 and 17, respectively). Stipe length ranged from 2.6 cm in PM to 3.3 cm in CS+PM while the pileus diameter was between 3.3 cm in CS and PM and 4.3 cm in PM+SB. Number of fruiting bodies, fresh and dry weights of the mushroom were significantly higher in CS than in the other substrates. The least number of fruiting bodies, fresh and dry weights were recorded in CS+PM+SB.
The state of wooden housing architecture preservation from the interwar period in cities of the Lublin region. Protection possibilities
Authors: Netczuk-Pol Ewa
Published: June 2020

The article describes the condition of the wooden buildings created in the interwar period in the Lublin region and the method of its conservation, taking into account legal forms in force in Poland and in the world. This is a very substantial topic, because buildings of this type are increasingly disappearing from the landscape of a small city, in favor of catalog construction, thereby destroying the unique small-town landscape
Multimedia John Paul II park – conceptual project of an educational path in the district of Czuby in Lublin
Authors: Dudkiewicz Margot , Kowalczyk Monika , Moryc Cyprian
Published: June 2020

Urban green areas are an important element of urban public spaces. They enable users to be in touch with nature, relax and provide a space for active recreation. Dry valleys and ravines are the place where the best design solution – in order to preserve the natural character of vegetation and terrain, and meet the recreational and leisure needs of residents – is to create a park or to introduce individual walking paths. The paper presents a conceptual design for the development of the St. John Paul II Park together with the program of educational path concerning the figure of the Polish Pope.
The Tatary district as the first modern multidwelling residential estate in Lublin
Authors: Dmitruk Michał
Published: June 2020

The Tatary district is located in the central-east part of Lublin. It includes the first Lublin’s multi-dwelling residential estate neighbouring buzzing streets and large industrial facilities, built according to modern architectural and urban concepts. The residential estate, erected starting in the 1950’, served as a model for subsequent large residential estates of Lublin. The technical solutions introduced in the Tatary buildings translated into a new standard of living and functional solutions that were unique within the traditional city tissue, shaping it permanently. After almost 60 years, the estate is facing a number of problems due to political, planning and architectural decisions. This article aims at describing and evaluating these past solutions.
Spatial transformations of Wrocław in the first half of the 19th century resulting from the dismantling of municipal fortifications
Authors: Piróg Marek , Chądzyński Andrzej
Published: June 2020

The article focuses on the spatial development of Wrocław at the beginning of the 19th century. The paper discusses the causes and subsequent stages of the demolition of city fortifications and the effects of this project on the spatial development of Wrocław.

The article describes the state of fortifications around Wrocław and the city plan after the demolition of city walls.

The article discusses the importance of these activities for the development of Wrocław and for the increase in the standard of living of its residents.
Comparative Analysis Study Of ATC-40 and SNI 1726-2012 Guidelines for Beam Structure Performance and Column Trans Studio Apartments Applications Using Dynamic Response Spectrum Analysis Methods
Authors: Munthe Agyanata Tua , Gafur Abdul
Published: June 2020

The earthquake that often hit Indonesia caused thousands of lives and caused damage to buildings. These earthquakes often occur because Indonesia is in two regions, namely the Pacific earthquake path (Circum Pacific Earthquake Belt) and the Asian earthquake lane (Trans Asiatic Earthquake Belt). Earthquake disasters cause damage to building structures. When an earthquake occurs, it is expected that the building can accept earthquake force at a certain level without significant damage to its structure. In general, earthquake analysis is divided into two major parts, namely static earthquake analysis and dynamic earthquake analysis. In buildings that are very high, irregular, multilevel, and buildings that require enormous accuracy are used dynamic analysis planning, which consists of a variety of spectral response analysis and dynamic time response dynamic analysis. This study aims to determine the building's security in terms of displacement, drift, and base shear. The method used is a dynamic analysis of the response spectrum using the ETABS program. The maximum total drift in the X direction is 0.0200475 m and in the Y direction is 0.020405 m, so the building is safe against ultimate boundary performance (0.02h) and service boundary performance {(0.03 / R) x h}. So that the displacement in the building does not exceed the maximum displacement, the building is safe from earthquake plans.
Evaluation Study of Kedunglarangan River To Protect Flood In Pasuruan and Sidoarjo
Authors: Adum M Ni Nyoman
Published: June 2020

Construction of the Kedunglarangan river flood control system designed to prevent flooding every rainy season in the Bangil sub-district. Kedunglarangan River is a river that flows in two regencies Sidoarjo and Pasuruan which has an area of 282.67 km2 watershed with a river length of 23.7 km. Kedunglarangan river has 4 (four) watershed sub-systems. The scope of this flood prevention work-study is the normalization of the Kedunglarangan River starting from the meeting with the Wrati River downstream up to 7 km. Normalization work is carried out with excavation and river widening to meet flood discharge in accordance with the conditions of the study area. If the river excavation work is done in accordance with the design master will form a basin that causes the creation of a dike. In this condition, it will be a temporary water reservoir where the water velocity is very low. So the work carried out the impact is only temporary. From the results of analysts, it is more efficient to do river widening and embankment raising rather than increasing river depth. River excavation work like that is very risky to create very fast sedimentation. Normalization method with river widening is one way to maintain the river flow downstream and flood water levels
Radiation Effects on Turbulent Heat Transfer Characteristics in Vertical Channel
Authors:   Student, CAD/CAM, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai, Tamilnadu-600127, India., Anvesh T. , Harish* R. ,   Assistant Professor, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai, Tamilnadu-600127, India.
Published: June 2020

In this study we concentrated on the radiative turbulent air to enter into the convective vertical channel. The vertical channel is having two openings at top and the bottom. The radiation is modelled with discrete ordinates method and turbulence is modelled with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach using Lambremhorst turbulence model. The governing equations are solved and discretized by using Finite Difference Method (FDM). The parametric study is performed on Assisting and opposing cases by comparing both the cases with the radiation and without radiation in the channel and found that temperature and velocity characteristics have much impact when the channel is involved with radiation
PERAN WANITA TANI DALAM SOSIAL EKONOMI KELUARGA DI SUKO REJO KELURAHAN LEMPAKE KOTA SAMARINDA (The Role of Farmer Woman in the Socio Economic Family in Suko Rejo Lempake Urban Village Samarinda City)
Authors: HIDAYAT ARIF , EFFENDI MIDIANSYAH , ZAINI ACHMAD
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to know the role of farmer woman in socio economic family. The location of research was in the Suko Rejo, Lempake Urban Village, Samarinda City with a total of 25 respondents. Data were analyzed by method of descriptive. The results of this research showed that farmer woman in Suko Rejo, Lempake Urban Village, Samarinda City works as tailor, vegetable seller, opening food stalls at home, washing worker, farm labor, farmer, and as caregiver. Farmer woman gives contribution as family income and it increases family welfare. Factors cause farmer woman working such as the high of daily need, the small of husband income, the responsibility in household, and the use of free time.
Essay: Experience, Engagement and Vision
Authors: Selby Martha
Published: June 2020

This essay reflects on the experience of mentoring undergraduate independent studies research in India from the perspective of the faculty advisor.” You can use the same keywords as you do for the accompanying student piece.
Nipe Nikupe: Dependency, Reciprocity, and Paradoxes of Food Aid in Lugufu Refugee Camp Kigoma, Tanzania
Authors: Hoyer Brian
Published: June 2020

This article presents an undergraduate student research project on dependency, reciprocity, and paradoxes of food aid in Lugufu Refugee Camp conducted on a study abroad program in Kigoma, Tanzania.
Essay: Intellectual Growth and the Integration of the Study Abroad Experience
Authors: Macey David
Published: June 2020

This essay reflects on the experience of mentoring undergraduate international studies research in Tanzania from the perspective of the faculty advisor.
Essay: Enriching Intellectual Discourse with Overseas Study and Work
Authors: Deese David
Published: June 2020

This essay reflects on the experience of mentoring undergraduate poverty and development studies research in Geneva, Switzerland from the perspective of the faculty advisor.
Essay: Student Science Research in Education Abroad
Authors: Mankiewicz Carol
Published: June 2020

This essay reflects on the experience of mentoring undergraduate research on a project on quaternary geology in the Turgen Uul Area, Northern Altay, Western Mongolia (Tavan Har) from the perspective of the faculty advisor.
Essay: Holding Culture in Her Hand: Immersion and Understanding
Authors: Ross-Bernstein Judith
Published: June 2020

This essay reflects on the experience of mentoring undergraduate research on a  Swedish practicum in childhood, family and social policy in Sweden from the perspective of the faculty advisor.
Epidemic and Identity: a Cross-Cultural Comparison of AIDS Prevention Approaches in France and the United States
Authors: Stambolis-Ruhstorfer Michael
Published: June 2020

This article presents an undergraduate student research project on a cross-cultural comparison of AIDS prevention approaches in France and the United States conducted on a study abroad program in Toulouse, France.
Gravidade das incompatibilidades medicamentosas em pacientes crí­ticos: Uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Marques da Paixão Fabiana , Camerini Flávia Giron , Fassarella Cí­ntia Silva , Henrique Danielle de Mendonça , Assad Luciana Guimarães , Radighieri Adriana Raineri
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: analisar as evidências cientí­ficas acerca dos eventos adversos provocados pelas incompatibilidades medicamentosas, com foco para a identificação de estratégias de prevenção. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, realizada nos diretórios da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), National Library of Medicine (PubMed) e The Scientific Electronic Library Online (ScIELO) com os descritores "drug incompatibility", "patient safety", "critical care", "infusions", "intravenous" e "nursing care". A busca resultou em em 09 estudos, publicados entre o perí­odo de 2014 a 2019. Resultados: dos artigos selecionados possibilitaram elaborar duas categorias: gravidade dos eventos adversos ocasionados pelas reações de incompatibilidade e estratégias de prevenção para evitar as incompatibilidades. Conclusão: os eventos adversos provocados pela incompatibilidade medicamentosas mais relatados foram a terapia ineficaz e a ocorrência de oclusão do cateter. As estratégias de prevenção mais citadas foram o uso de cateteres multilúmen a consulta ao farmacêutico clí­nico e o treinamento da equipe de enfermagem.
Os impactos do Chemsex na saúde pública mundial: um estudo sobre uma perigosa prática sexual entre homens
Authors: Silva Roni Robson da , Silva Leandro Andrade da , Silva Maria Virginia Godoy da , Neves Milena Preissler das , Silva Myllena Miguel dos Santos da , Francisco Márcio Tadeu Ribeiro , Marta Cristiano Bertolossi
Published: June 2020

O objetivo deste artigo foi de descrever o perfil de publicações sobre Chemsex expressos na literatura internacional e seus impactos na saúde pública. Método: revisão integrativa de literatura realizada nos bancos de dados dos periódicos CAPES, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) e PubMed, utilizando-se a expressão Chemsex. Resultados: Foram analisados 146 artigos publicados em lí­ngua inglesa em diferentes paí­ses, eles foram agrupados em 5 categorias, a saber: Principais substâncias psicoativas; Infecções sexualmente transmissí­veis/Morbidades; Comportamentos de risco; Aspectos epidemiológicos; e Abordagens terapêuticas. Essa prática tem aumento a vulnerabilidade dos indiví­duos, intensificada por "estados de faltas", associando-se também í  distúrbios emocionais, acarretando a busca desordenada pelo prazer, associada ao consumo de múltiplas drogas.