bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated Drilling and Production Event Detection Using Advanced Time-Series Pattern Recognition Techniques
Authors: Montes Abraham C. , Sudyodprasert Kulpitcha , Wu Yuxing , Ashok Pradeepkumar , van Oort Eric
Published: February 2025

The identification of the well/rig state in time is a key component in the construction of accurate risk-assessment, event-detection, and efficiency-tracking tools in drilling and production operations. Traditionally, this state identification has relied on insufficient rule-based systems, which often results in inaccurate predictions and leads to non-reliable risk-assessment tools, imprecise event detection, and biased estimated efficiency. This paper compares three state-of-the-art, scalable methods for automatically identifying the well/rig state and presents three use cases in drilling and production stages.

Identifying the well/rig state is a time-series multi-class classification problem, in which the data is collected at high frequency (typically 0.02–1 Hz) with sensors installed inside the well, on the wellhead, or on the equipment intervening the well, such as a rig or a coiled-tubing unit. This paper presents three solutions to this classification problem, namely a first-order logic inference system, a recurrent neural network (RNN) classifier, and a transformer-based classifier. We implement and compare these methods in three applications in drilling and production operations, including the detection of stuck pipe incidents and pressure trend abnormality.

The models were evaluated on a withheld, pre-labeled test dataset consisting of 75 hours of 1-Hz drilling data and 1072 h of 0.17-Hz production data. This evaluation showed that the transformer-based classifier outperformed the other three methods in all three applications. Additionally, we observed that the deep learning-based classifiers were only slightly more computationally expensive than inference systems, making all models suitable for real-time prediction. In the test, we also investigated the value of accurate well/rig state identification in the assessment of drilling and well-integrity risks. The test revealed that the lack of accuracy in this identification task can severely bias the risk assessment, for instance, by overestimating the risk of pipe sticking and generating spurious predictions of abnormal pressure trends. This, in turn, can result in unnecessary, costly preventative measures. The applicability of the analyzed methods is not limited to the examples here provided; they are applicable to any task requiring the classification of time-series data and thus, can be employed in other well operations/stages and applications of event detection.

The novelty of this paper is twofold. First, it is the first study to compare various methods for automatically identifying well/rig state, including one not evaluated before—a transformer model. Second, it is the first to propose an automated engine for well state identification during the production stage. This paper also analyzes the advantages and shortcomings of well/rig state identification models through three different applications.
Challenges and Successes of Integrating Natural Gas Generators with Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Harrist J. , van Wissenkerke M. Snijder , Barbee R.
Published: February 2025

Energy storage systems are an innovative solution that have been deployed at scale on land rigs in the U.S. in recent years. Designed to reduce fuel consumption and emissions by using lithium-ion batteries to store energy during low-demand periods and release it during peak demand, these systems help optimize generator usage, keeping generators in their most efficient operating range. Historically, energy storage systems have only been deployed on diesel and dual-fuel rigs, which are the most common generator types in the industry. Natural gas generators have proven to be a viable alternative to diesel, as they can utilize local natural gas infrastructure where available, offering many advantages including reduced fuel costs and ultra-low NOx emissions. Coupling these energy storage systems and natural gas generators has allowed operators to compound the fuel cost savings and emissions reductions of both systems.

Work to combine these technologies began in 2023 and a field-ready solution was first integrated onto a land drilling rig in early 2024. As natural gas generators have inherently different responsiveness to diesels, this effort involved setting up a natural-gas powered rig in a controlled environment and conducting an extensive series of tuning exercises to perfect the responsiveness of the system. Another significant challenge was overcoming the traditionally longer startup cycle times and developing a system to allow the generators to come online quickly in cases where supplemental power is needed. A custom system was developed to automate lubrication cycles and maintain sufficiently warm oil and coolant.

The solution was fully integrated with the existing rig control system and generator control system which enabled automation to control the starting and stopping of generators based on the requirements of the battery system. The natural gas generators, which were rated for periodic overload, were able to operate more aggressively than traditional diesels due to the additional capabilities. Since the initial deployment in early 2024, this integrated system has demonstrated higher savings than traditional diesel applications while drilling over half a million feet. During this period, CO2 emissions were reduced by up to 20%, fuel consumption was reduced by up to 19% and generator run hour were reduced by up to 44%.

Future work will include combining another energy source – grid power – allowing the energy storage system to perform peak shaving for the grid while paralleling natural gas generators during periods of sustained high demand.
Optimizing Drilling Operations in Real-Time: The Role of Digital Twins in Reducing Risks and Enhancing Performance
Authors: Cao Jie , Gocmen Emre , Nabavi Josef , Oedegaard Sven Inge , Kristiansen Tron Golder , Khosravanian Rasool , Solem Kristian
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an innovative approach to optimize drilling operations in real-time, offering enhanced risk management, improved efficiency and cost reduction. The focal point is an automated rate of penetration (ROP) optimization system powered by digital twins and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, which effectively enhances drilling performance while mitigating potential issues.

At the core of this system are digital twins continuously calibrated using real-time data, a risk detection module leveraging model-based reasoning in AI and a fast auto-optimization module. It incorporates predictive analytics and multiple what-if scenarios to propose forward-looking advice on potential risks and operational parameters. To enhance performance while reducing risks, the system evaluates imminent risks and anticipated hole-cleaning requirements for ROP optimization.

The effectiveness of the advisory system has been rigorously tested and verified, with a specific focus on risk detection and auto-optimization modules. As shown in the case studies, the system automatically detects potential risks including poor hole cleaning, poor cuttings transport, and a leakage or washout in real-time operations. Moreover, it optimizes real-time drilling parameters by evaluating multiple scenarios on combined objectives of reducing potential drilling risks, ensuring hole cleanness, and improving drilling efficiency, ensuring the optimized results are risk-free in pursuing higher ROP. It results in substantial time savings, with up to 4.75 hours saved during a single drilling section. The results clearly demonstrate the value created through reduced drilling time, empowering the rig team to operate independently and minimizing reliance on back-office support.

Overall, this real-time optimization system offers a transformative approach to drilling operations, yielding significant time and cost reductions. Its supervisory capabilities streamline the implementation of advanced digital twin models and parameter optimization, thereby improving operational performance and driving further integrated drilling automation.
Fabricated loofah sponge supported indigenous tannery effluent Proteus Mirabilis bacteria - A Strategy for Heavy Metal Removal
Authors: Jayakumar Santhiya , Sharmila K J , Kalaiarasu Suganya
Published: February 2025

Background: The widespread contamination of heavy metal caused by anthropogenically introduced acidic tannery effluent into environment causes threatens living organisms.
Experimental: The paper presents the first scientific study of chromium, copper, and nickel detoxification by novel fabricated loofah sponges immobilised with indigenous organism.
Results: The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that the indigenous isolated organism was susceptible and intermediate to 30 tested antibiotics. The strains revealed to be Proteus mirabilis R10SANT [PQ069783], Proteus mirabilis MPE4069 [PQ069764.1], Proteus mirabilis R4SANT [PQ069776.1], Proteus mirabilis R8SANT [PQ069781.1], and it showed good heavy metal detoxification potential. Chromium, copper, and nickel degradation reached 79.03, 89, and 75.35% for free cells at a dose of 150 ppm, and further increased to 85.40, 91.2, and 80.90% at a dosage of 200 ppm. Increased adsorption for chromium, copper, and nickel has been proven by immobilized strain in innovative modified loofah sponges to levels of 175.1, 184.56, and 168.02 mg/g; at 200 ppm dose, this increased by 2.51%, 1.8%, and 3.7%, respectively.
Novelty: This study proves heavy metal detoxification by novel modified loofah sponge supported indigenous organisms so it can be used for tanneries and other heavy metal contaminated sites.
Exploring the causal relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and Bell's palsy based on inflammatory proteins: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Fan Daofeng , Wu Wenbao , Chen Yinjuan , Lian Qingqing , Dai Jiaqian , Zhao Changbo , Que Binfu , Qiu Rui
Published: February 2025

Background: The relationship between Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Bell’s palsy remains unsubstantiated. This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between IBD and Bell’s palsy.
Methods: Using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method to explore the relationship between IBD and Bell’s palsy. We applied Bell’s palsy summary statistics from GWAS statistics for 91 inflammatory proteins and FinnGen R10 and IBD summary statistics from the International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium.
Results: The two-sample MR study indicates a significant positive association between IBD and Bell’s palsy (OR: 1.13, 95% CI [1.03 to 1.23], P = 0.0065) and between Crohn’s disease and Bell’s palsy (OR: 1.10, 95% CI [1.02 to 1.18], P = 0.0088). After applying Bonferroni correction, IBD remained significantly correlated with Bell’s palsy. Subsequently, the causal relationship between circulating inflammatory proteins in Bell's palsy and inflammatory bowel disease samples was reevaluated. The results of MR study between inflammatory proteins among these two diseases suggests that the C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CXCL5) is a potential protective factor and interleukin_17C (IL_17C) is a risk factor for these two diseases. Conversely, Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1 (SLAMF1) is a protective factor for Bell's palsy and a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease.
Conclusions: The findings indicate that IBD may be a risk factor for Bell’s palsy at the genetic level. CXCL5, IL_17C, SLAMF1 are possible co-acting pathways between Bell's palsy and inflammatory bowel disease. These findings may provide new targets for the treatment of both diseases.
Assessment of the use of digital banking as a part of banks’ credit management system in Ukraine
Authors: Semenog Andrii , Medvid Alina , Dmitrishyn Dmytro
Published: February 2025

The spread of the global digitalisation trend leads to changes in banking service methods, in particular, in matters of obtaining credit resources, which are associated with increasing the convenience and security of the products and services offered and expanding their range. In addition, digitalisation leads to changes in the preferences of customers who seek to optimize interaction with the bank through modern digital technologies. One such method is digital banking, which provides banking services remotely via the Internet based on advantages such as convenience, speed, time and geographical availability in use, which determines the relevance of the issue of introducing digital banking into the activities of banks as a component of the credit management system. Therefore, today, the topical issue is the introduction of digital banking into banks’ activities and the users’ attraction to its use. The study aims to assess the level of use of digital banking by leading banks in Ukraine and its spread among the population. The article characterizes the concept of digital banking, presents its features in the context of its functioning within the credit management system in the bank. The level of use of digital banking was assessed based on the analysis of such indicators as the number of readers of the official web pages of Ukrainian banks, the level of attendance of bank websites, the number of downloads of mobile applications, assessment of users of mobile applications in Google Play and App Store. Fifteen of the most popular banks in Ukraine were selected for analysis. Banks’ official websites were also analysed according to criteria characterising the convenience of using the sites and the availability of obtaining the necessary information. Based on the calculation of the population’s integral indicator of the use of digital banking, the growth of demand among users for digital banking services was proven. The calculated integral indicator gave grounds to assert a high level of digital banking in Ukraine and its active use by Ukrainians.
Tactile Colonialism: From Multisensory Perception to the Colonizing Gaze in Gilberto Freyre’s Work
Authors: Pires Francisco Quintero
Published: February 2025

Almost 20 years after publishing Casa-grande & senzala (1933), interpreted as a springboard for the myth of racial democracy in Brazil, Gilberto Freyre visited the five remaining Portuguese colonies in Africa. Freyre’s theses on miscegenation and Portuguese exceptionalism from the 1930s would influence his racializing perspective about African peoples in Aventura e rotina (1953), a travel journal in which he introduced the concept of Lusotropicalism. When Freyre read African and Afro-diasporic bodies in his travels, he adopted an ocularcentric approach that replaced the multisensory discourse of Casa-grande & senzala. The description of sexual violence faced a paradox in his Lusotropicalist work. To depict Portuguese colonialism as soft, he gradually erased references to the tactile sense from his rendition of miscegenation. By de-emphasizing touch, Freyre offered a conceptual justification for the Portuguese to racialize African peoples and animate their search for “novos Brasis” in Africa.
“A lança que o vento lascivo trilhou”
Authors: Forjaz de Lacerda Inês
Published: February 2025

Luís Carlos Patraquim’s poetry often explores how bodily sensations blend with those of the natural world as they move throughout Mozambique, particularly the urban city of Maputo and the separate, rural Island of Mozambique. Rough winds breeze through both urban and rural spaces of the eastern coast of Africa, offering a fruitful area for atmospheric considerations of the poet’s work. Wind is an irregular and transformative part of the natural, urban, and poetic worlds. In Tonino Griffero’s conception, it is a “quasi-thing”: an affect challenging to apprehend that has often been a peripheral object of desire, capture, and exploitation. Using wind to trace representations of Mozambique and Maputo in the postrevolutionary and postcolonial contexts of Patraquim’s poetic oeuvre, I seek to elucidate how nature—wind in particular—broadens sensations within the body as it moves through Patraquim’s depiction of Mozambique and its cities as poetic sites of sensory appreciation and ancestral experience.
Reassessing the Portuguese Imperial Past
Authors: Cardim Pedro
Published: February 2025

This article provides an overview of the advancements in discussions surrounding Portugal’s imperial history. It begins by introducing the scholarly developments of recent decades, both during and after Salazar’s dictatorship, highlighting their areas of focus and their impact on the perception of Portugal’s imperial past. The subsequent section explores a series of civic engagement initiatives that challenged the commemorations of the imperial past, specifically addressing recent public events and the resulting controversies. Finally, the concluding section reflects on the evolving and current understandings of the Portuguese Empire, while advocating for a more critical dialogue regarding Portugal’s history within academic circles and society as a whole.
Maria Raimunda's War
Authors: Rodrigues Cecília , Bezerra Lígia
Published: February 2025

Translation of "A guerra de Maria Raimunda"
Journeys through the Lusophone Transatlantic Matrix
Authors: Ferreira Ana Paula , McNee Malcolm
Published: February 2025

In Memoriam:
Journeys through the Lusophone Transatlantic Matrix: Essays in Memory of Fernando Arenas
Uma lésbica na Bocolândia
Authors: Zandomenico Yasmin
Published: February 2025

This article proposes an interpretation of Virgindade inútil: Novela de uma revoltada (1927) by Ercília Nogueira Cobra as a counternarrative of the nation. The novel provides an opportunity for a revisionist reading of Brazilian modernity and modernism based on the author’s radical critique of prescriptive notions of gender and sexuality in the process of articulating the country’s national identity in the early twentieth century. This article demonstrates that Virgindade inútil constitutes a counterpoint to the dominant national ideology, dismantling its foundational formation, the heteropatriarchal family, and inaugurating another order by introducing a familial arrangement composed of two women and their daughter. In Cobra’s narrative, the transgression of established gender roles intersects with the subversion of heteronormative sexual morality, enabling us not only to broaden our understanding of Brazilian modernism but also to imagine another Brazil, in which freedom is born of women.
Entre maridos e gênios
Authors: Lemos Marcela
Published: February 2025

Este ensaio aborda os escritos de Ana Plácido e Anna Emília Ribeiro e algumas representações populares dessas mulheres, que entraram para a história literária luso-brasileira menos como autoras que como adúlteras. Plácido foi amante e depois esposa de Camilo Castelo Branco. Ribeiro foi esposa de Euclides da Cunha até a morte dele num duelo com o amante dela. Examino o tratamento da escrita, do adultério e da mulher transgressora nas “Meditações” de Plácido e nos diários de Ribeiro, destacando também representações delas em telenovelas do fim do século XX e início do XXI. Proponho que, para as escritoras, o adultério representa uma salvação perante o casamento indesejado e uma insubordinação que liberta um poder criador. Esse poder é, porém, posteriormente reinscrito na ordem patriarcal através da prisão, marginalização e submissão das mulheres aos amantes tornados maridos.
Multimodalidade e BNCC : uma análise de documentários premiados nas olimpíadas de língua portuguesa
Authors:   , Bezerra Valdenízia da Conceição
Published: February 2025

O documentário é uma representação singular da realidade por meio do ponto de vista do seu
produtor, o qual apresenta muitos modos de criação fortemente marcados por camadas
semióticas que lhe conferem sentidos. Partindo disso, este estudo tem como objetivo investigar
o potencial do documentário na promoção do ensino crítico reflexivo de língua portuguesa. Para
desenvolvê-la, estamos ancorados em Hodge e Kress (1995), Kress e Van Leeuwen (2001;
2006), e Kress (2000), sobre Semiótica Social e Multimodalidade; em Lucena (2018) e Melo
(2019) com os estudos cinematográficos, e em Nichols (2010) sobre a produção documental.
Esta pesquisa é caracterizada como qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, tem um corpus
constituído por quatro documentários ganhadores da 6º edição da Olimpíada de Língua
Portuguesa, realizada no ano de 2019. Para alcançar nosso objetivo, tivemos três momentos
metodológicos: primeiro investigamos a composição das produções documentais, descrevemos
as cenas dos documentários segundo os elementos da linguagem audiovisual utilizados na
construção do enquadramento e trilha sonora de cada produção, apresentamos os modos de
representação que foram orquestrados nas cenas e listamos as composições entre os elementos
audiovisuais utilizados. Segundo, comparamos as orquestrações desses elementos nas quatro
produções, a fim de detalharmos como se deu a configuração do discurso, design, produção e
distribuição, os quatros domínios da prática em que o significado é construído. Ao fim, listamos
as habilidades acionadas pelos alunos produtores na realização das produções audiovisuais
documentais analisadas. Os resultados apontam que a produção de documentários na escola,
promove a autonomia do aluno em executar projetos autorais, em que expõe seu ponto de vista
sobre assuntos relativos à sua realidade sociocultural, por meio de uma reflexão crítica sobre o
contexto de produção e criatividade e do desenvolvimento de conhecimento técnico no manejo
da linguagem audiovisual e de ferramentas tecnológicas. Em outra possibilidade de prática de
ensino, o documentário pode ser trabalhado em sala de aula instigando o aluno a refletir, tanto
quanto a construção do tema e a formulação dos argumentos, assim como as muitas linguagens
empregadas para a promoção de sentido no texto, como também elaborando inferências sobre
outras possibilidades de usos dos recursos audiovisuais, empregados na produção, analisando
os elementos de persuasão
HER3-targeting Antibody-drug Conjugates Therapy for Solid Tumors: Recent Advances and Future Potentials
Authors: Wang Xuerui , Zhao Linlin , Gao Fangfang , Meng Yuan , Yang Jie , Zhu Meiying , Liao Dongying , Jia Yingjie , Kong Fanming
Published: February 2025

In most advanced cancers, standard medical treatments are generally employed.
With the emergence of Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs), more optimal therapeutic
methods have become available for treating tumors. ADC is composed of a monoclonal
antibody that targets a specific antigen and a cytotoxic payload, which conjugates
via the synthetic linkers. Therefore, ADC combines the accurate targeting of monoclonal
antibodies with the potent efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs while circumventing
systemic toxicity. Besides, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, expressing
differently between tumors and normal tissues, is one of the most frequently targeted
antigens for ADC therapy, which mainly encompasses EGFR1/ErbB1, human epidermal
growth factor receptor 2/ epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/ErbB2),
HER3/ErbB3, and HER4/ErbB4. In contrast to other targets, HER3 stands out as a
promising one, closely associated with the pathogenesis of treatment resistance in several
cancers. Moreover, solid tumors, which are more prevalent than hematological malignancies,
present a vast field of opportunities for the development of HER3-targeting
ADCs. However, research on HER3-targeting ADCs treating solid tumors remains insufficient.
Therefore, it is imperative for researchers to gather more clinical trial data and
continue to elucidate the efficacy and safety of HER3-ADCs in solid tumors. This review
summarizes recent advances and future potentials, aiming to provide insights into
targeted therapy. We hope that this review will provide useful information to physicians
in the field.
Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Activity of Thanatin Recombinant Peptide against Some Oral Bacteria: A Novel Approach against Bacterial Pathogens in Dentistry
Authors: Karimooy Atefeh Nemati , Jarchi Mohammad , Forouzanfar Fatemeh , Tanhaiean Abass , Esmaeili Arash , Mohammadipour Hamideh Sadat
Published: February 2025

Objective:

This study investigated the antimicrobial properties of the thanatin peptide against oral bacteria associated with dental caries and endodontic failures. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects of this peptide on human gingival fibroblast cells (HGFCs) were assessed.

Methods and Materials:

The antimicrobial property of thanatin was tested on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus oralis, and Enterococcus faecalis, using the microbroth dilu-tion method. The 0.2% Chlorhexidine mouthwash was used as the control group. Additionally, the cytotoxicity was measured using the MTT assay. The results were presented descriptively and ana-lyzed via one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD tests.

Results:

Thanatin demonstrated the strongest bacteriostatic effect (MIC) against S. salivarius, meas-uring 4.68 μg/ml, which is approximately double that of S. mutans and S. oralis, with concentrations of 9.37 and 8.75 μg/ml, respectively. The highest bactericidal activity (MBC) of thanatin was noted in S. salivarius and S. oralis at 9.37 μg/ml. The antibacterial effects of thanatin against evaluated bacteria were several times lower than those of Chlorhexidine. The cytotoxicity assessment indicated that over 70% and 60% of the HGFCs remained viable after 24 and 48 hours, respectively.

Conclusion:

Although thanatin exhibited significantly higher biocompatibility, its antimicrobial ef-fectiveness against the tested oral bacteria was inferior to that of 0.2% Chlorhexidine.
Reduction of Nitrate and Acrylamide in Cereal Baking Using Lactobacillus casei and Herbal Extracts
Authors: Roumi Mehrnaz , Behbahani Mandana , Abbasi Mahsa
Published: February 2025

Background:

Nitrate and acrylamide as carcinogenic substances are increased during
the baking process of foods, such as cereals.

Objective:

This study aimed to reduce the amount of acrylamide and nitrate in three types of cereals,
wheat, barley, and maize, by treatment with probiotic bacteria and several plant extracts.

Method:

Three types of plant extracts were prepared from Coriandrum sativum, Nigella sativa,
and Thymus sp. leaves and stem. Also, Lactobacillus casei subspecies rhamnosus LCR6013 was
used as probiotic bacteria for bacterial treatment. Acrylamide and nitrate were measured by HPLC
and UV-vis spectrophotometry.

Results:

Adding plant extracts and LCR 6013 bacteria could reduce the level of nitrate and acrylamide
in the cereal samples. Among plant extracts, nigella could reduce nitrate in all samples below
detectable levels. Also, it was effective in reducing acrylamide content from samples to the extent
of 87% in barley, 60% in wheat, and 100% in corn. Bacterial treatment could also reduce nitrate
levels between 70 and 100% while having a variable impact on decreasing acrylamide. Oneway
analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine statistically significant results.

Conclusion:

It was concluded that pre-baking exposure to plant extract and bacteria is effective in
the reduction of nitrate and acrylamide quantity in the heat processing of cereals.
Nanotechnology Platform for the Delivery of Docetaxel and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Mandala Bharathi , Berko Yvonne , Battogtok Gantamur , Fisusi Funmilola , Gao Haijun , Akala Emmanuel O.
Published: February 2025

Background:

HER2-positive breast cancer is an aggressive subtype characterized by the
overexpression of the HER2 receptor, a transmembrane glycoprotein critical for tumor progression.
Current therapies often face challenges like drug resistance and systemic toxicity, necessitating the
development of advanced drug delivery systems.

Objective:

This study aimed to fabricate and determine the cytotoxicity of pH-sensitive PLA nanoparticles
dual-loaded with docetaxel and each of the small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors
(STKIs) (tucatinib, neratinib, lapatinib) in HER2-positive breast cancer cells.

Method:

Nanoparticles were synthesized by a dispersion polymerization method using an acidlabile
crosslinking agent, and PEG and lactide macromonomers. They were characterized for structure
(TEM), surface morphology (SEM), particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and drug
loading capacity. Cytotoxicity was assessed in vitro on SKBR3 and MCF7 breast cancer cell lines,
with IC50 values compared across formulations.

Results:

The nanoparticles were spherical with nanoscale sizes and negative zeta potential values. In
vitro studies demonstrated enhanced antiproliferative effects of the drug-loaded nanoparticles, with
synergistic activity observed between docetaxel and the STKIs. The drug concentrations were
halved in combination formulations and resulted in better cytotoxicity compared to single-drug
treatments, particularly against SKBR3 cells. The IC50 values were lower in SKBR3 cells than in
MCF7 cells, highlighting the role of HER2 expression in the activity of TKIs.

Conclusion:

The pH-sensitive PLA nanoparticles effectively co-delivered docetaxel and STKIs and
demonstrated enhanced efficacy and reduced drug dosages in HER2-positive breast cancer models.
This study provides a foundation for further exploration of nanoparticle-based combination therapies
with potential applications in treating other aggressive cancer types.
Thermal analysis of a smart solar cooker
Authors: PUNIA Aditya
Published: February 2025

Abstract. A small-scale box-type solar cooker is built along with an Arduino module for temperature sensing and monitoring, making it a smart solar cooker. Experiments are conducted to evaluate this box-type solar cooker. Thermal tests have been carried out, and the required parameters have been determined, namely, thermal efficiency (55%), cooking power (10.6 W), and the two figures of merit (F1 and F2). A baseline box-type solar cooker is adopted as a benchmark for comparing the experimental validation of the cooker, including its cost and performance. The calculated figures of merit, F1 and F2 are 0.12 and 0.31, respectively, and the tested solar cooker can be considered as grade A but is not eligible for ISI certification. Also attempted to use an Arduino module to find a solution to the issue of overcooking in this box-style solar cooker.
Simulation of spark ignition engine
Authors: MASTAKAR Saisha
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The internal combustion engine (IC Engine) has found its place in various industries and consumer products, from generators to trucks and cars. They are also one of the most polluting devices developed, hence it is paramount to reduce the emissions from IC engines and to optimize their design to provide maximum performance with the least input possible. To hasten this process and reduce costs, the concept of simulation of IC engines comes into play. By allowing quicker and cheaper results, it is possible to test out many different variations and narrow down the possible designs which may then be experimentally tested and verified. Simulation plays a key role in the concept generation and concept selection process of the design and development of IC engines.
Retrofitting of an IC engine vehicle to electric vehicle with cost & performance analysis
Authors: KUMAR Harshit
Published: February 2025

Abstract. This paper presents a method followed for the conversion process of a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle to an electric vehicle (EV). The research specifically considers ARAI laws and guidelines that benefit the process. The paper contains three broad sections. The first section lists the essential electrical components required for the conversion process and their selection respectively based on various parameters. It then describes the conversion setup and procedure in detail. The second section include calculation and determination of all the parameters impacting the vehicle’s performance directly or indirectly. It also includes the cost analysis comparison of the electric vehicle with other popular ICE vehicles. It is hence derived, that the converted vehicle is 12.5 times more cost effective than the most economical vehicle in the dataset. Finally, the third section deals with the performance analysis of the vehicle using specialized electrical hardware setup, and through its simulation model run on GT Suite software, thus analysing the performance of key parameters based on multiple conditions. It is thus concluded that though the speed of the vehicle is less in real time owing to IDC, its range has increased significantly by 22%. The vehicle finally prepared is highly cost effective as well as resilient in its operation.
A neutrosophic DEMATEL-ANP- Neural network-based six sigma evaluation approach for sustainable supplier selection
Authors: KAR Anwesa
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Amid the increasing focus on sustainability, compounded by factors of uncertainty and the inclusion of several qualitative and quantitative attributes, the task of selecting the most suitable supplier for modern-day enterprises is increasingly complex. This research introduces a novel approach that integrates neutrosophic Decision-Making-Trial and Evaluation-Laboratory-Analytic Network Process (DEMATEL-ANP) with Neural Network (NN) techniques to evaluate supplier performance and determine the optimal supplier selection centered on Six-Sigma metrics. Firstly, the weights of the organization's decision criteria for sustainable supplier selection (SSS) are assessed using the neutrosophic DEMATEL-ANP method, and the criteria's performance is evaluated using the Six-Sigma method. Subsequently, the weights and performance values of each decision variable are fed to the NN for generating an aggregated performance value per supplier for the process of SSS. The methodology outlined in this study is exemplified through the case of a manufacturing company producing automobile exhaust systems to fulfill sustainability standards. The analysis results indicate that Alternative 5, with sigma level of 3, is the most suitable supplier among the five considered alternatives. The novelty of the work lies in developing a methodology by integrating advanced MCDM tools with Six-Sigma and Artificial Intelligence technique that can also consider uncertain interacting attributes in conjunction with the quality evaluation of criteria.
Mathematical modelling of helicopter twin sling underslung dynamics using Kane’s matrix formulation
Authors: IYER Prashant G.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. For a winged body underslung attached to a helicopter using a single sling, side force and yawing moment coefficients play a significant role in determining the stability of the system. Instability in yaw plane due to lower dynamic pressure during helicopter take-off and touchdown can result in excessive cable twisting which can be detrimental for the mission and these lateral plane instabilities restrict the airspeed and maneuverability of the helicopter. Twin sling underslung system solves the issues by offering the advantage of enhanced load stability along with improved stability and balance for the awkwardly shaped loads. This paper describes mathematical modelling of a helicopter slung body dynamics in twin sling configuration, wherein the system dynamics is captured using a three-body, four degrees of freedom mathematical model with the differential equations of motion derived using matrix form of Kane’s method. The model is validated by comparing the results against a commercially available software in presence of dissipative aerodynamic forces. Further considering a sample helicopter trajectory from helicopter takeoff to touchdown, the slung body dynamics due to configuration update from single sling to twin sling is compared, and the advantages of the modified configuration clearly brought out.
Microscopic, fracture, and tensile strength assessment of laser welded joint of Nimonic 80A: An optimization
Authors: SAURABH Suman Kumar
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The performance attributes of welding processes are greatly enhanced by superalloy. Nimonic 80A is a renowned superalloy for its exceptional strength retaining at high temperature and good weldability. The aim was to scrutinize the microstructure and fracture patterns of welded superalloy 80A joints, particularly through Laser welding. Taguchi analysis was used to determine the best laser power, welding speed, focal distance, and gas flow rate to get the strongest welded specimens. An L9 orthogonal array was utilized, estimating the ultimate tensile strength of the specimens. Microstructure and fracture analyses were performed, providing further insights. The primary goal of this investigation was to improve the UTS of Nimonic 80A welded joints. It was determined that the optimal welding strength of 809 MPa was achieved at a laser power of 1600 W, a speed of 2200 mm/s, a focal distance of 18 mm, and a gas flow rate of 10 lpm.
Modeling microscale defects in CFRP composites: An FEA approach
Authors: PAMARTHI Aashitha
Published: February 2025

Abstract. In the realm of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) composites, the presence of micro-level defects represents a critical consideration influencing their structural integrity and performance over time. These defects encompass a range of imperfections occurring at the microscopic scale within the composite material. This study delves into the micromechanical analysis of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) composites, focusing on the presence of micro-level defects. Utilizing hexagonal unit cells as an idealized representation, the study aims to simulate the micromechanical behavior of a single unit cell using the three-dimensional finite element method within ANSYS software. The primary objective is to predict Young’s moduli and Poisson’s ratios along principal material directions. The accuracy of the finite element solution for the longitudinal modulus is validated through the rule of mixtures, while other properties are confirmed using the Maxwell–Betti reciprocal theorem. Additionally, variations in Young’s moduli and Poisson’s ratios attributed to internal failures of the composite, such as debonding and cracks, are thoroughly investigated across a range of expected carbon fiber volume fractions spanning from 10% to 70%. The debond between fibre and matrix significantly influences the in-plane transverse Young's modulus (E2), making it the most affected property, followed by the out-of-plane transverse Young's modulus (E3), in composite. In the presence of a crack perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the longitudinal Young's modulus (E1) emerges as the most affected property in composite materials.
Rice straw as the potential raw material for biogas production at variable temperature and feed ratio
Authors: KUMAR Shubham
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The use of agricultural wastes for the production of renewable energy is becoming more popular as communities look for long-term solutions to problems related to waste management and energy. An abundant residue of rice farming, rice straw offers a promising fuel to produce biogas by anaerobic digestion. The aim of this research paper is to analyze the method of converting rice straw into biogas. A culture of bacteria breaks down complex organic compounds present in rice during the anaerobic digestion process to produce methane-rich biogas. To improve the yield and quality of biogas, optimization strategies like adjusting process parameters are investigated. To reduce global warming and advance sustainable development, the results highlight rice straw's potential as a renewable energy source and call for its usage.
Transparent Metals
Authors: Fisher David
Published: February 2025

There is much current interest in transparent metallic materials. These are optical materials based upon photonic band-gap structures which are created by combining films of metals and dielectrics. Transparent materials are used to produce devices having electrically variable optical properties. Such photonic devices exhibit increased speeds of operation, reduced size and increased immunity to temperature changes. The book references 202 original resources with their direct web links for in-depth reading.
Digital Technology and Brain Development among Entrepreneurial Ambitions
Authors: Abdelwahed Nadia A. Abdelmegeed , Ramish Muhammad Sufyan
Published: February 2025

Brain development (BD) is an important factor. To effectively enhance BD, institutions employ digital tools, technology, and innovative digital competencies to improve students’ entrepreneurial ambitions. The present paper examines the role of digital technology in developing BD among entrepreneurial ambitions in Egypt. The study modes are quantitative and cross-sectional to collect data from the entrepreneurial aspirations of Egyptian universities where business, management, economics, and commerce students were focused. The study utilizes 312 cases to infer the results. Using the structural equation model (SEM), the results show a positive effect of technological capabilities (TCs) on technology incentives (TIs) (β = 0.126; p < 0.01); searching skills (SKS) on TIs (β = 0.078; p < 0.01); and technology usage (TU) on TIs (β = 0.256; p < 0.01). Moreover, TIs positively affect BD (β = 0.366; p < 0.01) among potential Egyptian entrepreneurs. This study will assist policymakers in enhancing technological resources and skilled talent to enhance entrepreneurs’ motivation to innovate and adopt new technologies. It will also help entrepreneurs’ BD, as they contribute to society by creating more entrepreneurial activities. Finally, the study's findings contribute to the field literature on psychology, management, business and commerce.
Examination of the Quality and Readability of Chatbot Responses to Patient Questions: A Synthesis of Recent Studies (Preprint)
Authors: Whittaker Peter , Sun Mengyan
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Patient use of chatbots to obtain medical information has been anticipated with both optimism and pessimism. The simplicity of asking questions and receiving immediate answers has prompted investigators to examine the quality and readability of chatbot responses. We sought to review the current results at this nascent stage in chatbot development.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate current data.

METHODS

We searched multiple databases to identify studies that evaluated response quality using the DISCERN instrument; designed to assess written material intended for patients. From these studies, we extracted the DISCERN scores, the number of words used in questions, the number of questions asked, the number of evaluators, and, if recorded, the readability of the responses. We also examined a measure of the rank of the journals in which the studies were published. We combined these parameters in a multiple linear regression model to determine potential associations with response quality.

RESULTS

We identified 32 studies that conducted 57 tests using multiple chatbots. The average number of words in chatbot prompts ranged from 6 to 41, and the number of questions ranged from 3 to 119. As the response quality increased, readability decreased. Forty-two percent of tests produced average responses ranked as “good” or higher, and only one response test was below college-level readability. An increased DISCERN score was associated with increased prompt words and questions in simple linear regression. In a multiple linear regression model, higher DISCERN scores were associated with the number of questions, three or more evaluators, inversely with the journal rank, but not with the number of prompt words.

CONCLUSIONS

The variable quality and poor readability of chatbot responses to patient questions reinforces pessimism about their role. However, the principles of prompt engineering (the art of asking questions) have yet to be rigorously applied. Therefore, we remain optimistic that response quality and readability will improve.
Research on the Construction and Application of a Precision Service Platform for Pharmaceutical Knowledge Based on Media Convergence to Serve Industry Groups and the Public
Authors: Li Jin , Ma Xi , Liu Yu , Tao Tingting , Zou Xiaoyong
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to introduce in detail a precision service platform for pharmaceutical knowledge built upon the resources of the “China Pharmacy” journal. This platform leverages artificial intelligence technology to achieve intelligent generation, integration, and dissemination of pharmaceutical knowledge. The paper first elaborates on the development background, purpose, and significance of the platform, and then conducts a comprehensive analysis of the platform’s core functions, technical implementation, operational effects, and future prospects. Through this platform, pharmaceutical knowledge is more widely and precisely disseminated to the public, enhancing the public’s pharmaceutical literacy and health awareness. It provides an important reference for the deep integration of traditional publishing and digital services for scientific journals.
DE LA PRÉPOSITION NA EN SERBE DANS LES CONSTRUCTIONS EXPRIMANT LA MANIÈRE ET DE SES ÉQUIVALENTS
Authors: Ašić Tijana , Simović Marija
Published: February 2025

Le travail que nous présentons traite de la préposition na en serbe dans les constructions exprimant la manière de déroulement d’un évènement et de ses équivalents français. Notre but est de trouver et distinguer cet usage et d’éclairer la raison pour laquelle certaines prépositions françaises lui correspondent sémantiquement. Plus précisément, la préposition serbe na peut exprimer la manière dans l’interaction des éléments qui se combinent avec elle. En fait, le contexte dans lequel figure cette préposition est ce qui est le plus important dans ces cas. Nous allons présenter une analyse contrastive des exemples serbes et de leurs équivalents français afin de montrer de quelle manière et avec quelle préposition française, chargés de certains arguments, on peut exprimer la façon de déroulement d’une action.
LE VERBE VOIR À L’INTERFACE DE LA SYNTAXE ET DE LA SÉMANTIQUE
Authors: Jovanović Vera Ž.
Published: February 2025

Le sujet du travail est la description des caractéristiques sémantiques du verbe de perception visuelle voir en français ainsi que sa catégorisation syntaxique. Le but est de recenser et décrire toutes les significations de ce verbe fortement polysémique, de déterminer les types de perception qu’il désigne (sensorielle, cognitive, visuelle, volontaire, involontaire, concrète, abstraite, directe, indirecte, perception des objets et des événements, etc.), de déterminer d’autres significations qui relèvent du domaine de la perception visuelle ainsi que les constructions syntaxiques dans lesquelles figure ce verbe. L’article examine les interactions et les interdépendances entre les significations mentionnées et les caractéristiques syntaxiques de voir. En appliquant la méthode d’analyse de corpus qui inclut de nombreux exemples tirés de la langue française contemporaine, nous arrivons à la conclusion sur la richesse du profil sémantique du verbe voir. Son caractère polysémique établit des liens d’interdépendance avec la pluralité et la diversité des constructions syntaxiques dont il fait partie.