bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Education for Sustainable Development and Social Tolerance: Evidence from Teacher Education Institutions in Pakistan
Authors: Jamshaid Amber
Published: January 2022

Education for sustainable development is an evolving notion in teacher education that highlights the need for tolerance, acceptance, and diversity. Therefore, there is a greater need to elucidate the contributions of teacher educators in promoting social tolerance through Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). In addition, it is crucial to understand the challenges faced by teacher educators while dealing with the intolerant, extremist views and/or behaviors in a particular social setting. In doing so, this research interviewed teacher educators (N=12) through a purposive sampling strategy to determine the respondents’ views about promoting social tolerance strategies integrated with ESD. The data was analyzed through qualitative data analysis software (NVivo), and themes were extracted based on the analysis plots. The research argues that promoting social tolerance within teacher education through ESD is a multi-layered process and requires attention at the policy level. It suggests that the existing structure of the Teacher Education program and the curricula are barely in line with the indicated ESD contents and strategies (integration with teaching and learning) needed to promote social tolerance and societal peace in Pakistan.
Kineto-stratigraphy at Hvideklint, M0n, Denmark and its regional significance
Authors: Aber James S.
Published: January 2022

A detailed investigation of the deformed drift and chalk floes at Hvideklint, M0n was carried out using the kineto-stratigraphic principle. Various structural evidence show that glacier advances coming from the northeast caused the thrusting and folding displayed at Hvideklint. The chalk floes were probably derived from the Fakse Bug! area, and pushed into their present positions in front of the advancing ice. When the ice overrode the floes, chalk-till melange, an example ofglaciodynamic melange, was created by subglacial deformation. Although a minor amount of water due to pressure-melting may have formed during thrust­ing, these deformations probably affected materials that were largely frozen. Three till units with as­sociated stratified drift are present at Hvideklint. A covering discordant till and an upper dislocated till are ascribed to the main Weichselian glaciation -the Northeast Advance. These two tills overlie a lower dislocated till that is assigned to the Weichselian Old Baltic Advance. On the basis of pebble counts, the discordant and upper dislocated tills at Hvideklint correspond to the thick, upper dislocated till at M0ns Klint, while the lower dislocated till at Hvideklint matches the thin, lower dislocated till at M0ns Klint. The Young Baltic Advance supposedly caused the latest dislocations at M0ns Klint, but this advance apparantly did not disturb the Hvideklint section.
The strontium isotopic composition of Maastrichtian and Danian chalk
Authors: Jørgensen N. O. , Larsen O.
Published: January 2022

The isotopic composition of strontium has been measured in 22 samples of Maastrichtian and Danian
chalk from various localities in the Danish region. The chalk is an extremely pure biogenic carbonate sediment. The material examined includes bulk samples as well as individual bryozoan skeletons. The 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios obtained were all within the analythical error of the value 0.7075 supporting this values as the isotopic composition of sea water at Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary time.
mixtur: An R package for designing, analysing, and modelling continuous report visual short-term memory studies
Authors: Grange James A. , Moore Stuart B.
Published: January 2022

Visual short-term memory (vSTM) is often measured via continuous-report tasks whereby participants are presented with stimuli that vary along a continuous dimension (e.g., colour) with the goal of memorising the stimulus features. At test, participants are probed to recall the feature value of one of the memoranda in a continuous manner (e.g., by clicking on a colour wheel). The angular deviation between the participant response and the true feature value provides an estimate of recall precision. Two prominent models of performance on such tasks are the two- and three-component mixture models (Bays et al., Journal of Vision, 9(10), Article 7, 2009; Zhang and Luck, Nature, 453(7192), 233–235, 2008). Both models decompose participant responses into probabilistic mixtures of: (1) responses to the true target value based on a noisy memory representation; (2) random guessing when memory fails. In addition, the three-component model proposes (3) responses to a non-target feature value (i.e., binding errors). Here we report the development of mixtur, an open-source package written for the statistical programming language R that facilitates the fitting of the two- and three-component mixture models to continuous report data. We also conduct simulations to develop recommendations for researchers on trial numbers, set sizes, and memoranda similarity, as well as parameter recovery and model recovery. In the Discussion, we discuss how mixtur can be used to fit the slots and the slots-plus-averaging models, as well as how mixtur can be extended to fit explanatory models of visual short-term memory. It is our hope that mixtur will lower the barrier of entry for utilising mixture modelling.
ATRIAL ASYNCHRONY AS A RISK FACTOR FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Djishambaev E. D. , Sulaymanova S. K.
Published: January 2022

This article reviews the possibility of evaluating intracardiac intervals using two-dimensional echocardiography and tissue Doppler study of the heart in predicting the likelihood of atrial fibrillation. It is shown that the determination of the duration of the aforementioned interval is sufficiently informative method of assessment of inter - and intra-arterial conductivity, which in turn makes it possible to determine the risk of new cases of arrhythmia or progression of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in chronic form.
CLINICAL EFFICACY OF COMBINATION THERAPY WITH PERINDOPRIL AND INDAPAMIDE IN PATIENTS WITH MILD AND MODERATE ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Abdullayeva G. J. , Khalikova A. B. , Khamidullaeva G. A. , Kurbanov R. D.
Published: January 2022

Aim: to study hypotensive and organo-protective efficacy of cornbination therapy with perindopril and indanarnide in patients with rnild and rnoderate arterial hypertension. Material and methods. According to the protocol in the study included 23 patients with I-II grade of arterial hypertension (ESC/ ESH 2013), of both genders. All patients took the cornbination preparation Arnra forte (GMP, Georgia), containing 4 тд of perindopril and 1.25 rrig of indaparnide. At the stage before the treatrnent and 12 weeks of therapy was rneasured an office blood pressure by Korotkov's rnethod and carried out arnbulatory blood pressure rnonitoring (ABPM) ("BR-102 plus Recorder" (SCHILLER, Switzerland)). Antirernodeling efficacy was assessed by the dynarnics of cardiac echo geornetry and ultrasound (US) of vessels pararneters. Also was evaluated the clinical tolerance and rnetabolic effects of the drug. The pararneters of central hernodynarnics and vascular stiffness were rneasured by applanation tonornetry. Results are presented as M±SD. Results of research. 12-week cornbination therapy with perindopril and indaparnide is characterized by high antihypertensive efficacy, with a decrease in rnean blood pressure to 18%, and achievernent the target level of blood pressure in 100% patients with rnild and rnoderate arterial hypertension. According to the ABPM showed a significant decrease of average daily SBP and DBP, as well as a significant decrease in the speed of rnorning SBP surge. Thus it was not iriarked episodes of hypotension at night. Reliable antirernodeling efficacy of perindopril and indaparnide is expressed in reducing LVMI, reducing of EDD and reliably reducing the thickness of IMC against the background of 12-week treatrnent. 12-week cornbination therapy with perindopril and indaparnide showed renal protection efficiency, expressing in a significant decrease in blood creatinine level and alrnost twofold reduction of MAU level. Perindopril and indaparnide in the rnode of cornbination therapy in patients with rnild and rnoderate arterial hypertension showed rnetabolic neutrality in relation to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, clinical safety. A side effect as dry cough was observed in one patient only at the end of 12-weeks treatrnent (4.3%). Conclusion. Therefore, our research showed a high antihypertensive efficacy of cornbination therapy with perindopril and indaparnide with the available cardio-, vaso-, and nefroprotection, rnetabolic neutrality and clinical safety that recommends the preparation for the treatrnent of patients with rnild and moderate arterial hypertension.
EOS: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer in Habitable Worlds with HELIOS
Authors: Simonetti Paolo , Vladilo Giovanni , Silva Laura , Maris Michele , Ivanovski Stavro L. , Biasiotti Lorenzo , Malik Matej , von Hardenberg Jost
Published: January 2022

We present EOS, a procedure for determining the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and top-of-atmosphere (TOA) albedo for a wide range of conditions expected to be present in the atmospheres of rocky planets with temperate conditions. EOS is based on HELIOS and HELIOS-K, which are novel and publicly available atmospheric radiative transfer (RT) codes optimized for fast calculations with GPU processors. These codes were originally developed for the study of giant planets. In this paper we present an adaptation for applications to terrestrial-type, habitable planets, adding specific physical recipes for the gas opacity and vertical structure of the atmosphere. To test the reliability of the procedure, we assessed the impact of changing line opacity profile, continuum opacity model, atmospheric lapse rate, and tropopause position prescriptions on the OLR and the TOA albedo. The results obtained with EOS are in line with those of other RT codes running on traditional CPU processors, while being at least one order of magnitude faster. The adoption of OLR and TOA albedo data generated with EOS in a zonal and seasonal climate model correctly reproduces the fluxes of the present-day Earth measured by the CERES spacecraft. The results of this study disclose the possibility to incorporate fast RT calculations in climate models aimed at characterizing the atmospheres of habitable exoplanets.
A Fundamental Instability for the Solar Wind
Authors: Kellogg Paul J.
Published: January 2022

As has been known nearly since the beginning of space research with satellites and rockets that the temperature of the atmosphere of our Sun rises rapidly from the photosphere at about 6000 K to the order of 106 K. The major heating of the solar wind apparently occurs in a narrow region, the transition region, just above the chromosphere, a region where remote sensing of atomic energy levels shows a temperature of 106 deg. However, since the early days of the recognition of the solar wind it has been recognized that there must also be further heating as the solar wind escapes the Sun, to overcome adiabatic cooling, and it is this heating that is the subject of the Parker Solar Probe mission, and of this work. As is well known, the solar wind is turbulent, which suggests that plasma instabilities play an important role in its behavior. The role of instabilities in shaping the solar wind was clearly shown by Kasper et al. and Hellinger et al. As shown in Figure 4 of Kasper or Figure 1 of Hellinger, the distribution function of the ions is limited by well-known instabilities. It seems that there ought to be an instability that is common and depends on omnipresent plasma characteristics. In this work it is assumed that such may be provided by the expansion of the solar wind magnetic field as it leaves the Sun.
Spherical Accretion in Alternative Theories of Gravity
Authors: Bauer Adam Michael , Cárdenas-Avendaño Alejandro , Gammie Charles F. , Yunes Nicolás
Published: January 2022

The groundbreaking image of the black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy has raised questions at the intersection of observational astronomy and black hole physics. How well can the radius of a black hole shadow be measured, and can this measurement be used to distinguish general relativity from other theories of gravity? We explore these questions using a simple spherical flow model in general relativity, scalar Gauss–Bonnet gravity, and the Rezzolla and Zhidenko parameterized metric. We assume an optically thin plasma with power-law emissivity in radius. Along the way we present a generalized Bondi flow, as well as a piecewise analytic model for the brightness profile of a cold inflow. We use the second moment of a synthetic image as a proxy for EHT observables and compute the ratio of the second moment to the radius of the black hole shadow. We show that corrections to this ratio from modifications to general relativity are subdominant compared to corrections to the critical impact parameter, and we argue that this is generally true. In our simplified model the astrophysical parameter uncertainty dominates the gravity theory parameter uncertainty, underlining the importance of understanding the accretion model if EHT is to be used to successfully test theories of gravity.
Metallicity in Quasar Broad-line Regions at Redshift ∼ 6
Authors: Wang Shu , Jiang Linhua , Shen Yue , Ho Luis C. , Vestergaard Marianne , Bañados Eduardo , Willott Chris J. , Wu Jin , Zou Siwei , Yang Jinyi , Wang Feige , Fan Xiaohui , Wu Xue-Bing
Published: January 2022

Broad-line regions (BLRs) in high-redshift quasars provide crucial information on chemical enrichment in the early universe. Here we present a study of BLR metallicities in 33 quasars at redshift 5.7 < z < 6.4. Using the near-IR spectra of the quasars obtained from the Gemini telescope, we measure their rest-frame UV emission-line flux and calculate flux ratios. We then estimate BLR metallicities with empirical calibrations based on photoionization models. The inferred median metallicity of our sample is a few times the solar value, indicating that the BLR gas had been highly metal enriched at z ∼ 6. We compare our sample with a low-redshift quasar sample with similar luminosities and find no evidence of redshift evolution in quasar BLR metallicities. This is consistent with previous studies. The Fe ii/Mg ii flux ratio, a proxy for the Fe/α element abundance ratio, shows no redshift evolution as well, further supporting rapid nuclear star formation at z ∼ 6. We also find that the black hole mass–BLR metallicity relation at z ∼ 6 is consistent with the relation measured at 2 < z < 5, suggesting that our results are not biased by a selection effect due to this relation.
The Effect of for Group Empowerment for Reducing Depression in Elderly
Authors: Kartinah Kartinah , Sumarni Sumarni
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: The number of elderly people in the world today is increasing. Indonesia is a country with an increasing number of older people who belong to the fastest in the world. The increase in the elderly population will bring consequences or problems that are quite complex given the wide range of physical deterioration, mental, and social well-experienced seniors. One of the problems in the case is mental depression. Elderly living in social homes with a background as a neglected elderly at a high risk of depression due to lack of social support. On the other hand, are physically a lot of the people who actually still quite active and have the potential to be empowered to be beneficial in the elderly active themselves and for others elderly who have obstacles on their daily activity.

AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the effect peer group empowerment (PGE) in a decrease in the level of depression in the elderly active in elderly homes Dharma Bhakti Surakarta.

METHODS: This study was quasi-experimental pre- and post-test with control group. Subjects were active elderly totaling 44 people at Dharma Bhakti Social Institutions Surakarta. The research instrument used questionnaires depression geriatric depression scale to measure level of depression, sheet monitoring the implementation of the PGE, and manual compliance procedures activity daily living elderly. Data were analyzed with the Wilcoxon test.

RESULTS: The result showed the majority of elderly before PGE actions in the intervention in the mild depression, there was 55% for interventions group and the 73% for the control group. After the action of PGE, the majority of seniors experiencing mild depression; 91% in the intervention group and 68% in the control group. Wilcoxon test results obtained Z-value of –3.937 with p = 0.000 for the intervention group and Z-value of –0.074 with p = 0.941 for the control group.

CONCLUSION: Peer group empowerment effects the decrease of depression in the elderly in elderly homes Dharma Bhakti of Surakarta.
Association between Household Food Security and Anemia among Pregnant Women in Rural Area in Indonesia
Authors: Mahmudiono Trias , Nurdini Erike Duwi , Nasikhah Aprilia Durotun , Haliman Chika Dewi
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: The increase of high anemia prevalence among pregnant women in Indonesia can reflect the raise of anemia potential in pregnancy. Food insecurity might influence the ability of households to meet the nutritional needs of pregnant women.
AIM: This research aimed to find out the relationship between household food security status and anemia in pregnant women in Bektiharjo Village, Semanding District, Tuban Regency.
METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 50 pregnant women who lived in a typical rural area in Indonesia, namely Bektiharjo Village Semanding Sub-District Tuban District. The United States Household Food Security Survey Module questionnaire was used as the instrument for household food security status, while the level of hemoglobin was measured by the Easy Touch GCHb digital device. The Pearson Correlation test was used as a statistical test for this study.
RESULTS: most respondents were of healthy reproductive age (76%). The prevalence of anemia was 32% affecting mostly women aged 20–35. Forty-six percent of households were experiencing food insecurity. There was a significant relationship between household food security status with anemia among pregnant women (p = 0.019; OR = −0.331).
CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women with food-insecure household status are more at risk of experiencing anemia, especially iron-deficiency anemia. Increasing consumption of affordable foods that contain non-heme iron and iron enhancers is recommended for pregnant women living in food-insecure households.
Patient’s Experiences of Violence as Perpetrator: A Qualitative Study from Patients with Schizophrenia in Indonesia
Authors: Yosep Iyus , Hazmi Helmy , Putit Zabidah
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Individuals with schizophrenia are at an increased risk for violence – limited study on exploring the experience of violence in patients with schizophrenia as a perpetrator.

AIM: This research aimed to investigate the perception of violence as a perpetrator in Indonesia in patients with schizophrenia.

METHODS: This study used phenomenology using a purposive sampling technique. A total of 40 patients were from the psychiatric ward of significant mental hospitals in West Java, Indonesia. The inclusion criteria for patients were the following: Age over 18 years old confirmed diagnosis with schizophrenia. Focus group discussion of patients comprised four groups. Each group consisted of tens of patients.

RESULTS: The patient’s experiences as a perpetrator were categorized into six subthemes: Committing physical violence to family, quarreling with family, verbal abuse to family, a perpetrator of verbal violence to neighbors, expression of anger to object, and physical violence to nurse.

CONCLUSION: The patient’s experiences of violence were not linear, but rather it was a complex experience of being a perpetrator, yet at the same time as of perpetrator violence. A staff training program to reduce patient violence is needed.
First record of Calotes vindumbarbatus Wagner, Ihlow, Hartmann, Flecks, Schmitz & Böhme, 2021 (Squamata: Agamidae) from China, with revised diagnosis of this species
Authors: Liu Shuo , Zuo Changsheng , Yin Fawang , Hui Hong , Rao Dingqi
Published: January 2022

Three new species were recently described from the Calotes mystaceus Duméril & Bibron, 1837 complex. Of the three new species, C. vindumbarbatus Wagner, Ihlow, Hartmann, Flecks, Schmitz & Böhme, 2021 was known only from northern Myanmar.

Seven specimens of lizard were collected from Tongbiguan Nature Reserve, western Yunnan, China. Phylogenetically, these specimens clustered with the type specimens of Calotes vindumbarbatus from Myanmar with strong support and showed inappreciable genetic divergence from the type specimens of C. vindumbarbatus. We report the first country record of C. vindumbarbatus from China. In addition, a supplementary description, based on the newly-collected specimens and revised diagnosis of this species, was provided.
Traité de bioéthique
Authors: Claeys Sébastien
Published: January 2022

Les États généraux de la bioéthique 2018 organisés par le Comité consultatif national d’éthique ( ccne ) ont mis en avant le rôle de l’éthique dans une méthode de consultation citoyenne à l’échelle nationale. À cette occasion, nous avons pu expérimenter les opportunités de trois conceptions différentes de la place de l’éthique dans les débats publics : l’éthique maïeutique, l’éthique procédurale du consensus et l’éthique opérative. En montrant les impasses de ces trois types de postures éthiques, nous proposons ici de défendre une nouvelle modalité de l’éthique dans la mise en place d’un débat public et démocratique : l’éthique de la médiation.
Traité de bioéthique
Authors: Coutellec Léo
Published: January 2022

Les territoires de la bioéthique sont aujourd’hui largement questionnés : des interrogations critiques émergent sur sa méthodologie, sur le champ de la considération morale qu’elle souhaite embrasser et sur sa portée politique. Dans ce contexte d’instabilité, nous assistons à des tentatives que nous qualifions d’ expansionnistes en bioéthique. Elles partent toutes du même constat, la bioéthique semble revêtir un habit trop petit face aux enjeux qu’elle est censée traiter. Plutôt que de parier sur une bioéthique globale à même d’intégrer l’ensemble des perspectives particulières, pour sortir d’une pensée en silo , nous proposons de penser la bioéthique comme épistémologiquement générique .
Traité de bioéthique
Authors: Weil-Dubuc Paul-Loup
Published: January 2022

Que devons-nous attendre de la bioéthique dans une collectivité politique ? Cette question nous semble fondamentale puisque, nous le montrerons, elle constitue l’arrière-plan implicite des débats bioéthiques. Le présent article vise à établir une typologie critique distinguant trois conceptions politiques de la bioéthique que nous qualifierons de conservatrice, libérale et sociale. C’est la dernière que nous défendons ici, avançant que toute question de bioéthique met en jeu une question de justice sociale.
Traité de bioéthique
Authors: Mambrini-Doudet Muriel
Published: January 2022

À l’aube de la révision de la loi du 7 juillet 2011 relative à la bioéthique, qu’a-t-elle apporté en dehors de son champ d’application ou d’influence que l’on pourrait préciser ainsi (recherche, science, technique, santé) ? Quelles transformations a-t-elle induites qui nous paraissent aujourd’hui tellement naturelles que nous ne repérons même plus ni leur origine, ni ce qui, dans cette loi, est finalement indispensable à leur perpétuation ? La question est d’autant plus primordiale que l’intensité du renouvellement des questions scientifiques et technologiques, comme des attentes de la société vis-à-vis de l’activité de recherche, risque d’opacifier cet essentiel. Je propose, dans cet essai, de le repérer à nouveau en prenant un autre point de vue, celui d’une scientifique en dehors du champ de la santé qui, à l’occasion de propositions interdisciplinaires pour traiter de l’impact d’objets biotechniques nouveaux ou gérer des lieux de recherche, aura enregistré l’émergence d’une éthique expérimentale. Mon propos est un essai organisé autour de trois questions : de quoi la bioéthique est-elle le nom ? Quels nouveaux espaces a-t-elle ouverts, sont-ce des lieux communs (recherche, science, technique, santé) ? Marquent-ils les nouveaux territoires de la bioéthique et doit-on en prendre soin ?
Traité de bioéthique
Authors: Rial-Sebbag Emmanuelle
Published: January 2022

Depuis la découverte de l’ adn en 1953, il est désormais possible non seulement de connaître la structure du vivant de notre espèce ainsi que celle de chaque individu, mais également de mieux décrypter les anomalies génétiques qui pourraient être à l’origine de maladies acquises ou à venir. La génétique médicale apparaît dès lors autant comme une source d’espoir pour les malades et leurs familles que comme une source de craintes sur l’usage inconsidéré qu’il pourrait être fait des informations et techniques génétiques. La loi et l’éthique jouent alors un rôle d’arbitre face à ce qu’il peut être attendu de la génétique moderne.
Traité de bioéthique
Authors: Moutel Grégoire
Published: January 2022

L’accès, par simple prise de sang chez la femme en début de grossesse, à l’ adn du fœtus circulant dans le sang maternel révolutionne la pratique du diagnostic prénatal. Il permet d’étudier très facilement et sans risque physique pour la femme les caractéristiques du génome fœtal. Outre des pathologies classiquement déjà dépistées, il donne accès à des informations sur l’éventualité de maladies ou facteurs de risques, non seulement à révélation précoce, mais aussi à révélation tardive, c’est-à-dire pouvant survenir à l’âge adulte. Cela pourrait amener certains couples à demander une interruption de la grossesse, parfois au motif de la précaution ou non prise de risque. Les instances en charge de la régulation de l’accès à l’interruption de grossesse pourraient alors voir leur rôle bouleversé et leurs missions évoluer afin de répondre à un enjeu majeur : comment permettre aux couples d’accéder à des informations et à une expertise de qualité dans un contexte où leur autonomie décisionnelle va s’accélérer. En effet, les résultats des tests pourront être accessibles, très tôt dans la grossesse, dans le délai légal de l’ ivg , moment où la liberté de choix des couples est totale.
Traité de bioéthique
Authors: Hermant Émilie , Pihet Valérie , Solhdju Katrin
Published: January 2022

Nous voulions créer ce savoir en impliquant les personnes concernées, et ce faisant, envisager différemment la question du soin, le soin d’un être rendu fragile, différent, précaire, que ce soit du fait de circonstances de santé ou d’autres épreuves. Quand il s’agit des patients, des usagers, l’expérience est bien trop souvent associée au vécu, généralement laissé à la discrétion des psychologues. Notre mission est précisément de trouver les moyens d’aller à la rencontre de ces savoirs, de les recueillir et de les rendre partageables, de manière à ce qu’ils puissent réellement, chemin faisant, transformer les conditions d’expérience de cette maladie.
Traité de bioéthique
Authors: Isidor Bertrand , Nizon Mathilde , Vincent Marie
Published: January 2022

L’utilisation des techniques de séquençage haut débit ne cesse de s’étendre, au-delà du cadre classique des maladies génétiques rares. La généralisation de leur application s’accompagne de nombreux questionnements, notamment concernant les indications, l’interprétation et la transmission des résultats de ces analyses. Une des problématiques majeures en lien avec la diffusion de ces techniques correspond à la recherche de variations génétiques sans lien avec l’indication initiale du test, comme cela est actuellement recommandé par le collège américain de génétique médicale pour toute une liste de gènes dits « actionnables ». Ces « données secondaires » replacent la problématique du consentement et de la transmission au cœur du questionnement éthique. Avant que ce sujet ne devienne un véritable enjeu de santé publique, il nous semble nécessaire de préciser les limites de « l’actionnabilité » et de nos capacités d’interprétation de variations génétiques dans ce contexte particulier.
Traité de bioéthique
Authors: Chamak Brigitte
Published: January 2022

Les nouvelles applications des neurotechnologies soulèvent de multiples enjeux éthiques qui concernent aussi bien les banques de données et les implants cérébraux que les usages prédictifs et diagnostiques de la neuro-imagerie, sans oublier la commercialisation et les conflits d’intérêts. L’exemple du neuromarketing a été choisi pour analyser quelle conception de l’être humain était véhiculée et comment la question de la responsabilité et du libre arbitre se trouvait au centre des préoccupations.
Traité de bioéthique
Authors: Lévêque Marc
Published: January 2022

Jadis très controversée – avec les tristement célèbres lobotomies – la psychochirurgie, ou le traitement chirurgical des maladies mentales, connaît un spectaculaire renouveau avec l’avènement, depuis une quinzaine d’années, des techniques de stimulation cérébrale. Cette « neuromodulation » ouvre des perspectives thérapeutiques que ce soit dans la dépression, les troubles obsessionnels compulsifs, mais aussi dans des indications beaucoup plus controversées.
Traité de bioéthique
Authors: Faure Juliette
Published: January 2022

Les présupposés normatifs de la démocratie libérale – l’autonomie morale et la liberté politique des sujets – sont mis à l’épreuve par la puissance des nouvelles technologies numériques. Nous étudions ici la spécificité des enjeux éthiques liés à la gouvernance des blockchains et l’aide à la décision par algorithmes. Nous invitons à une politique d’éducation et de réflexion publique continue, dans l’esprit philosophique de la bioéthique, pour garantir la conformité des technologies numériques avec les valeurs constitutionnelles au fondement d’une cité démocratique.
Traité de bioéthique
Authors: Ganascia Jean-Gabriel
Published: January 2022

L’intelligence artificielle suscite de nombreux espoirs dans beaucoup de secteurs, et en particulier dans celui de la santé. Cela tient, entre autres, à l’exploitation d’immenses quantités de données avec des techniques d’apprentissage machine, aux processus de décision automatique, à la prolifération des capteurs, à l’interconnexion des objets et à la recherche d’information dans des bases de données bibliographiques. Au regard de toutes ces applications potentielles s’ouvrent de nombreux questionnements d’ordre éthique que nous passerons en revue.
Traité de bioéthique
Authors: Charlet Jean
Published: January 2022

L’intelligence artificielle impactera notre santé avec des conséquences relationnelles (relation patient/médecin) ou éthiques qui méritent d’être interrogées. Nous proposons de définir d’abord ce qu’est l’intelligence artificielle, pour donner ensuite quelques exemples d’évolution des recherches en intelligence artificielle et finir par aborder les problèmes d’éthique et comment les chercheurs et la puissance publique s’en emparent.
Le supermarché social et solidaire : un nouvel acteur dans la lutte contre la pauvreté et le chômage en Suède
Authors: Boukhris-Ferré Yacine
Published: January 2022

Le secteur associatif suédois s’impose, depuis peu, comme acteur complémentaire des politiques sociales, en fournissant des prestations alternatives de qualité aux populations précarisées. Ce positionnement nouveau des associations suppose une professionnalisation de l’action sociale. A partir d’un travail en immersion dans le supermarché social et solidaire Matmissionen, l’auteur cherche à analyser les effets de la professionnalisation du secteur associatif et de l’importation d’une logique marchande dans la pratique et la perception du travail social, en puisant dans les discours tenus par la structure sur elle-même. L’article montre en quoi ce processus s’inscrit dans un cadre plus global d’activation de la protection sociale et des mécanismes d’aide : une position ambiguë qui redéfinit les contours de la relation d’aide et de la relation aux pouvoirs publics.
De la démocratie de l’atelier à l’atelier démocratique : une esquisse historique de la coopération de production en Grande-Bretagne
Authors: Deblangy François
Published: January 2022

Le mouvement coopératif britannique est l’un des plus anciens et structurés au monde. Il doit ce succès à son modèle de développement fédéral assis sur un dense réseau de coopératives de consommation. Au milieu du XX ème  siècle, 1 070 sociétés de consommation cumulaient des ventes de plusieurs centaines de millions de livres et 10 millions de membres. Pourtant, la coopération de production a pratiquement sombré dans l’oubli. Ce paradoxe, sans être propre à la Grande-Bretagne, y est saisissant. Il s’explique par une stratégie d’intégration précoce et une hostilité idéologique. Outre-Manche, l’existence des coopératives de production s’est longtemps résumée à des cycles de repli et de résurgence sous des formes diverses, ce qui complique leur analyse. Tout en restant marginales dans une économie capitaliste, elles ont connu un regain de popularité dans le contexte bouleversé des années 1970.
Safety assessment of Streptococcus salivarius M18 a probiotic for oral health
Authors: Hale J.D.F. , Jain R. , Wescombe P.A. , Burton J.P. , Simon R.R. , Tagg J.R.
Published: January 2022

The development of probiotics targeting non-intestinal body sites continues to generate interest amongst researchers, biotech companies and consumers alike. A key consideration for any bacterial strain to be developed into a probiotic is a robust assessment of its safety profile. Streptococcus salivarius strain M18 was originally isolated from a healthy adult and evaluated for its probiotic capabilities targeted to dental and oral health applications. This publication presents the safety characterisation of strain M18. Application of a diverse range of techniques showed that strain M18 can be specifically distinguished from other S. salivarius using a variety of molecular and phenotypic methodologies and that it lacks any relevant antibiotic resistance or virulence determinants. Direct comparison of the strain M18 safety profile with that of the prototype S. salivarius probiotic, S. salivarius strain K12, supports the proposition that strain M18 is indeed safe for probiotic application in humans.
Towards monitoring of a cricket production using instance segmentation
Authors: Wenning M.J. , Piotrowski T. , Janzen J. , Nießing B. , Schmitt R.H.
Published: January 2022

A growing world population requires sufficient food to sustain itself. Therefore, increasingly more resources are required to produce the food. Insects are a viable food and feed alternative since their production requires only a fraction of the resources that conventional livestock needs. For the efficient production of insects, automation technology is needed. An automatic monitoring of the insects’ growth ensures stable production processes and a high product quality. The use of a camera with image processing using neural networks makes it possible to detect insects, measure their features such as shape and colour and enables to derive their age, size, and health. In this paper, instance segmentation using mask scoring regional convolutional neural network (Mask Scoring R-CNN) shows good results in detecting house crickets (Acheta domesticus). A dataset is created consisting of six images, showing 1,022 insect instances, of a real-world cricket production facility to train and test the algorithm. Furthermore, image augmentation by cropping, flipping and rotating is applied to the set to solve the problem of limited data. By combining the augmentations, 288 different trainings are compared to find the best augmentation strategy. The evaluation of the algorithm uses two variations of the F1-score: one variation to estimate the capabilities of producing qualitative segmentation masks and another to estimate the detection capabilities. For the estimation of the detection capabilities, a rule termed ‘centre over ground truth’ is developed. The results show that the presented method is suitable for monitoring a cricket production facility with a recall of 76.6% and a precision of 96.2%.
El compromiso del sector privado con la ciencia: abriendo la caja negra de la percepción de la ciencia en la empresa
Authors: López-Navarro Irene , Tabernero Carmen , Rey-Rocha Jesús
Published: January 2022

La industria ha desempeñado un papel relevante en las recientes políticas científicas europeas. Sin embargo, el conocimiento de la relación entre ciencia y empresa es aun deficiente. El objetivo de este estudio es comprobar la relación entre la percepción de la ciencia de los directivos y la propensión (o no) a desarrollar proyectos de investigación en sus empresas. Este trabajo está basado en los resultados de la encuesta Cultura Científica Empresarial 2016, la primera realizada específicamente para estudiar la percepción de la ciencia en el sector empresarial. Los resultados muestran que las empresas proactivas en I+D se distinguen, principalmente, por el conocimiento institucional de sus directivos acerca del ecosistema científico y la variedad de fuentes de información científica consultadas. Este estudio contribuye a abrir la “caja negra” de la percepción de la ciencia en el sector empresarial, con el fin de mejorar el diseño de las políticas públicas dirigidas a este actor.
Entrepreneurship Education and Design Thinking: A Conceptual Threshold for Their Integration in Indonesian Higher Education
Authors: Amalia Ria Tristya , Von Korflesch Harald F. O.
Published: January 2022

Many ongoing discussions in design thinking show similarities to the current entrepreneurship education debate on integrating both disciplines in the con-text of higher education. In that case, some articles, mainly from the devel-oped countries, have addressed this issue, though fragmentedly. In contrast, this integration-educational type is rarely found in developing countries, par-ticularly Indonesia. Additionally, very few studies have broadened the dis-cussion to include the teaching entrepreneurship-design thinking process cy-cle and the conceptual threshold to support the integrated teaching process. This paper uses the narrative literature review and in-depth qualitative case-study discussion as the methodology. It aims to establish a conceptual link and threshold between these two areas and provide conceptual strategies for integrating and teaching them in Indonesian higher education. In doing so, this paper has essentially reviewed and reconciled both parts of the entrepre-neurship education and design thinking discourse. The details and signifi-cance of the conceptual threshold have also been reviewed. The finding of this study is the five-main entrepreneurship-design thinking process cycle (i.e., understanding the problem comprehensively, generating ideas, experi-menting iteratively, testing the solutions, and implementing solutions). The process strongly incorporates the "empathy-reflect-visualize" cycle and the integrated conceptual threshold as a teaching support tool. This conceptual study provides new pathways for enriching current teaching and research practices of entrepreneurship education and design thinking.
E-learning in Organizations: Factors Affecting Individual Job Performances
Authors: Čevra Belma , Kapo Amra , Zaimović Tarik , Turulja Lejla
Published: January 2022

As we look at our daily lives and the world around us, it is becoming more and more difficult to learn new things and our new knowledge is suffering because of the fast and intense way of life we lead. The development of technology has greatly influenced this way of life. In recent years, we have witnessed the rapid growth and development of technology and seen how technology affects many aspects of our lives. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to contribute to the under-standing of the concept of e-learning in organizations and the influence of organizational support on the intention to use e-learning systems and how the use of e-learning improves individual work performance. The paper used structural equation modelling technique to test the hypotheses at the level of employees in different sectors. The results showed that the most significant predictor of individual job performance was intention to use e-learning, followed by knowledge sharing. In addition, the results showed that knowledge sharing and personal innovative-ness were significant predictors of perceived usefulness.
Entre virtud y vicio. La normación del género en los periódicos de tipo espectador del siglo XVIII
Authors: Völkl Yvonne
Published: January 2022

Le genre journalistique-littéraire des spectateurs s’est développé au début du XVIIIe siècle en Angleterre et s’est rapidement répandu dans tout le monde occidental. En tant que moyen de communication très populaire au cours de ce siècle, ces périodiques reflètent les connaissances des Lumières. Parmi une grande variété de sujets, ils abordent également les thèmes du genre (gender), notamment ce que signifie être une femme et un homme dans la société bourgeoise (émergente) ainsi que les relations entre eux. L’article examine les discours stéréotypés sur le genre dans les spectateurs de langue française et de langue espagnole et démontre comment le savoir culturel concernant les genres a été coconstruit, conservé et diffusé par la presse au cours du siècle.
Music Teacher Training to Build a Musical Community
Authors: Akutsu Taichi
Published: January 2022

This chapter describes how pre-service teachers and future music teachers facilitate peer learning and collaboration in their teacher training courses. This chapter first introduces a case that every student in a Japanese teacher training course learns composition independently and collaboratively. Collaboration involves the mixture of peer-to-peer learning, hands-on one-on-one instruction, and group learning that can strengthen teacher education programs by offering a variety of interactive opportunities. The chapter also introduces a school-wide and local community collaboration among university, elementary school, kindergarten, and community to create a large musical show. Finally, in the chapter, the concluding one, one of the main purposes of music education is to build musical communities to learn from each other and to share musical enjoyment with different individuals. In essence, music is the best way to build a community. For an ideal music teacher training, it is essential for future teachers to become able to collaborate musically and to build collegial relationships with other fellows to learn from the differences.
Industry 4.0, Internal Green Supply Chain Practices, and the Firm's Sustainable Performance
Authors: Umar Muhammad , Farooq Khalid , Yusliza Mohd Yusoff , Haq Hafiz Muhammad Zia-ul
Published: January 2022

The aim of the current study is to investigathe the effect of Industry 4.0 on internal green supply chain management practices (IGSCP) in the context of emerging economies. The cross-sectional data were collected from 185 manufacturing firms of Pakistan using a questionnaire, which was analyzed through structural equation modelling. In the current era, with the advent of Industry 4.0 technologies, there is emphasis on technology in every field. Organizations must acknowledge Industry 4.0 innovative contributions towards IGSCP and broaden their understanding as the literature on Industry 4.0 is still lacking and needs empirical investigation. The results indicated that Industry 4.0 has a positive and significant effect on IGSCPs. Moreover, the results also demonstrated that IGSCP practices have a positive nexus with economic and environmental performance. This research presents valuable insight for policymakers, manufacturers, and managers interested in promoting GSCM practices for improved economic and environmental sustainability.
Falling Foundation of Patriarchal Societies
Authors: Goksel Idil , Çolak Yiğitcan
Published: January 2022

This chapter questions whether the women who have been under the pressure of choosing pink-collar jobs imposed by patriarchal societies would choose white-collar, blue-collar, or some other type of jobs instead of pink-collar ones. This paper uses data from a survey conducted on respondents aged ≥15 years in Turkey. In total 114 people participated in this study. The survey was conducted online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were expected to answer various questions, such as their personal information to their knowledge about the pink-collar job concept. This chapter aims to figure out whether higher education levels and appropriate vocational education affect female labor decisions positively or not.
Eastern Women's Entrepreneurship
Authors: Akmam Jannatul
Published: January 2022

The woman who fought for the liberation of women in the Indian subcontinent from the state of “other” is Rokeya Sakhawat Hossein (1880 – 1932). Another lady icon can be named in this occasion, Fatima al-Fihri, who, in the Moroccan city of Fez, founded a mosque that developed into the famous al-Qarawiyyin University, which has come to be recognized as the oldest existing university in the world. Many inspiring stories come along such as the one like Haya Faisal's from Pakistan who became a female cab driver for the sake of supporting her family. The issue of subversion or reversal of gaze is addressed by throwing light on Simone de Beauvoir's “Myth and Reality” and Michel Foucault's “Concept of Power” in The History of Sexuality. The chapter finally considers different endeavors of different Eastern women like Rokeya, Fatima, Haya, and the like to show women's participation or treatment of gender roles in organizational behavior, strategic management, and entrepreneurship.
Exploring the Social Intelligence Impact on Job Engagement
Authors: Inan Ibrahim
Published: January 2022

Social intelligence has been recognized as a remarkable factor affecting individuals' success and performance on the job with intent engagement. This research explores the social intelligence's impact on job engagement of Generation X women entrepreneurs who operate in the TR62 region, covering Adana and Mersin provinces. Business scholars and industry leaders have widely recognized the importance of women's entrepreneurship. Thus, research aimed to shed light on women entrepreneurship in the Turkish business ecosystem. Social intelligence can have a catalyst role on job engagement to advance entrepreneurship skills. As a part of social intelligence, there was a moderate relationship between the social information process and social awareness. Social intelligence had a moderate correlation with emotional and cognitive job engagement. Also, there was a moderate relationship between social information processing and physical job engagement being collaborated with emotional job engagement on account of Generation X women entrepreneurs' active role in a social and business environments.
Combat Tanking in Education
Authors: Mystakidis Stylianos
Published: January 2022

This study examines the impact on engagement and affective outcomes of playful learning in social virtual reality (SVR) for distance and open education settings and aims to provide a practical framework for playful learning design. Three case studies in the United States and Greece were examined where playful learning was organized for e-learning. Data collection methods include questionnaires, observation of online course meetings, reviewing of course communications and chat logs records, student and instructor interviews, student coursework assessments, and reflections. Findings indicated that playful learning experiences in SVR can increase academic interest, intrinsic motivation, engagement level, satisfaction, and completion rates. Instructor genuine investment in a thoughtful, sophisticated humorous approach was vital for student buy-in. Finally, guiding principles for playful learning design in SVR are summarized in a model involving four dimensions: theme, actions, narrative, and auxiliary components (TANC).