bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conglomerate Strategy
Authors: Simmonds Paul
Published: January 2015

The Model of Corporate Development shows increasing levels of diversification to reflect the evolution of corporate entities with unrelated diversified companies (conglomerates) being the ultimate corporate form. Conglomerates, many created through acquisitions, were seen as offering greater stability and reduced risk through the diversity and unrelatedness of their activities although problems of complexity, inadequate management competence and unavoidable cyclicality, have caused investors to question their performance. The trend to greater focus over the last 20 years or so has seen a sharp reduction in conglomeration in the United Kingdom and the United States.
Competitor Analysis
Authors: Daellenbach Urs
Published: January 2015

Competitor analysis is essential to effective strategic management. It requires careful consideration of who a business is competing against directly and indirectly as well as new or potential rivals. Analyzing competitor's strategies involves drawing on a wide range of information available about their activities in product/service markets, their interactions with suppliers and customers, their company histories and annual reports, and media sources or presentations to key stakeholders. Moving beyond the snapshot view of a competitor to understanding its goals and direction and the factors driving these changes is particularly desirable.
Strategic Management
Authors: Cummings Stephen
Published: January 2015

This article charts the development of the strategy concept and places the key developments in the evolution of thinking about strategic management in historical context.
Five Forces of Competition
Authors: Grant Robert M.
Published: January 2015

Introduced by Michael Porter in 1979, the Five Forces of Competition framework has become the best known and most widely applied analytical framework in strategic management. This framework uses information on industry structure to explain and predict the intensity of competition within an industry, or within an industry segment, and in turn the level of profitability within that industry ore segment. It is used to guide choices of which industries and markets to enter, to allocate resources between a firm's different businesses, to develop strategies to influence industry structure, and to guide a firm's competitive positioning within an industry.
Competitive Strategy
Authors: McGee John , Sammut‐Bonnici Tanya
Published: January 2015

Competitive strategy is the process of developing competitive advantage and earning above‐average returns for stakeholders. Competitive advantage is achieved through the strategic management of resources, capabilities, and core competences, as well as the firm's responsiveness to opportunities and threats in the external environment. Navigating through as complex set of strategic factors requires an understanding of their influence on competitive strategy. The competitive strategy view of the firm is that understanding and manipulating the factors that cause these inequalities, to give the firm a sustainable competitive advantage, largely govern long‐term business success. These factors vary widely. Different businesses, even within the same industry, often need to be doing different things. Thus, there are many strategies open to firms. In formulating competitive strategy, there are some important things to remember. Resources are limited and opportunities are infinite. The essence of strategy is choosing to perform activities differently than rivals. In the long run, what matters is not how fast you are running, but whether you are running faster than your competitors. A company can only outperform rivals if it can establish a difference that it can sustain.
Corporate Strategy
Authors: Smith Chris
Published: January 2015

Corporate strategy is the long term rationale and associated actions to create value from the scope of businesses in the firm's portfolio. To justify the grouping of the businesses under one management this value needs to be greater than the sum of the values of the stand‐alone business units. As shareholders can diversify assets for themselves this value must also transcend that embedded inrisk diversification. One of the most powerful value‐adding mechanisms lies in the sustained reduction of transaction costs in sharing assets or knowledge in the creation of pan‐business capabilities. In stand‐alone businesses the ongoing risk of mutual exploitation militates against such sharing without expensive safe‐guards that can never be truly fail‐safe.
Kanban
Authors: Collinson Simon
Published: January 2015

Kanban is a Japanese scheduling system that helps to monitor, regulate, and coordinate the throughput of inventory in a production system. Developed at Toyota between the 1950s and 1970s it is now widely used in manufacturing plants around the world. E‐Kanban is the modern‐day version using computerized component tracking systems.
Keiretsu Structures
Authors: Collinson Simon
Published: January 2015

Keiretsu are corporate groupings of Japanese firms characterized by long‐term relations and cross‐shareholdings. Members of the group maintain their operational independence but co‐ordinate strategy and often exchange assets and resources with other firms in the group. There are two types of keiretsu, the horizontal (kinyu), diversified type and the vertical, manufacturing keiretsu. Both are undergoing change in an era of austerity for Japan.
Foreign Market Entry Analysis
Authors: Collinson Simon
Published: January 2015

Foreign market analysis improves the chances of success in foreign direct investment (FDI) initiatives through a comparison of potential target foreign markets. Relative costs, benefits (normally in profit terms), opportunities, and risks are assessed to provide strategic guidance on where to invest and which mode of entry (joint venture, Greenfield development, M&A, etc.) to adopt.
Diamond of National Advantage
Authors: Collinson Simon
Published: January 2015

The Diamond of National Advantage was developed by Professor Michael Porter to explain why some countries have “bred” internationally competitive firms in particular industry sectors. The framework identifies six national‐level factors that underpin firm‐level competitive advantage: four core elements (factor endowments, demand, supporting industries, and firm rivalry) and two additional elements (government and chance). The framework has been applied to inform regional development policy in the public sector and market‐entry strategies by managers in multinational firms.
Scenario Planning
Authors: McKiernan Peter
Published: January 2015

Scenario planning (SP) is a process within strategic management that combines the creation of several stories of plausible futures with the practical strategic responses that are required to deal with them. The creation of stories maps the future terrain through a systematic analysis of the key drivers of contextual change. By focusing on the uncertain outcomes of those drivers, SP becomes a major component of organizational learning. The most well known of SP methods was trialed at Shell and transferred widely into public and private organizations around the world. Although very powerful in stimulating innovative thinking, its critics have noted that warning signals are often difficult to identify and also that scenarios themselves can be too rigid lacking the creativity they are supposed to engender.
Matrix Structure
Authors: Paroutis Sotirios
Published: January 2015

Matrix is an organizational structure that utilizes functional and divisional lines of responsibility simultaneously. This structure assigns specialists from different functional departments to work on one or more projects being led by project managers.
C
haebol Structure
Authors: Kim In‐Ho Stephen
Published: January 2015

Since WWII, when mass economy age characterized as mass production‐mass distribution‐mass consumption had been burgeoning/maturing and there had been the Vietnam War and Middle East Boom during 1950s–1970s, Chaebol Structure, which formed in Korea 1960s–1970s, have started industrialization with technologies and money borrowed from abroad under the leadership of the founders who have usually unyielding character, hurry‐hurry mind & hungry spirit, by following ‘from Import‐substitution to Export’ driven by the President Park Jung‐Hee Government.And from late 1970s Chaebol have taken ‘from Imitation to Innovation’ with the full support from public R&D institutions government initiated, and have been able to adapt to the global economy trends. Especially when the US manufacturing became declining in 1980s, Chaebol have established manufacturing‐based business domains and kept continued expanding horizontally and/or vertically and doing needs‐focused innovation ceaselessly by the 2nd generation leadership to take advantage of the harmony of ownership and management, so called ‘centralized decision‐making by owner with decentralized execution by professional manager.’ However, when Asian financial crisis (1997) brought about, 13 Chaebol Structure among 30 who were lack of capabilities to innovate became bankrupted. Yet the survived ones have become successful even in global economic crisis after Wall Street meltdown (2008), thanks to manufacturing‐based business domains and more intensified needs‐focused innovation adapting to needs evolution, leading Korean economy and contributing to make Korea G20 in 2010. In brief,the evolution of Chaebol Structure makes sure that no firm will be sustainable unless it meets customer needs through needs‐focused innovation while needs evolves.
International Strategy
Authors: Segal‐Horn Susan
Published: January 2015

Every initiative taken by an international firm has an impact on the ability of local firms to satisfy their customers. Larger organizations have resources and capabilities (financial, human, technical) of greater sophistication and usually (although not always) of greater efficiency than local, smaller providers of goods and services. International strategy initiatives by multinationals have an impact on small local firms. So, even when organizations have no activities outside their domestic market and no plans to develop any in the future, international strategy will influence their ability to survive. International strategy requires judgments about degrees of political risk, financial risk, and commercial risk which do not arise within the domestic home market. Therefore expanding outside the domestic market, dramatically increases risk.

There are many different ways of being international. Different approaches to international strategy suit different companies in different industries at different times. Four different types of design and implementation of international strategies and organization structures have emerged: multidomestic; global; international exporter; and transnational. There is also a newer form of international strategy: the “born global” firm. As industries change, so firms need to evolve too. New industry structures require new international strategies. As international strategies change, then so also must international organization structures and the organizational processes within the multinational. That is why international strategy and structures must always be seen as contingent upon external conditions.
Global Strategy
Authors: Segal‐Horn Susan
Published: January 2015

Global strategy originally focused on competing internationally and increasing profitability through product standardization and production scale economies. The advantage of a simple, pure global strategy is international competitiveness at low‐cost; the disadvantage is the lack of local responsiveness to country and market differences. During the 1990s and 2000s, we have moved to global strategy that recognizes responsiveness (to market and segment differences, including the base of the pyramid, BOP) at low‐cost. This more complex global strategy is based on global resource optimization through shared internal knowledge and learning within and across the global firm. Over time, as the business context has grown more complex, many multinational corporations (
MNCs)
have more disaggregated value chains requiring more sophisticated levels of internal coordination capabilities. It is not a matter of trade‐offs, but of achieving the balance between global, regional, and local most appropriate in each context. As such, regional strategy as well as global strategy is driving the emerging “hub‐and‐spoke” structure of
MNCs
to support their interweaving of global, regional, and local into their international strategies.
Pareto analysis
Authors: Powell Taman , Sammut‐Bonnici Tanya
Published: January 2015

Pareto analysis is based on the observation that operational results and economic wealth are not distributed evenly and that some inputs contribute more than others. It is referred to as the “80/20 rule,” a nomenclature which has popularized a complex economic concept introduced by Vilfredo Pareto, a nineteenth‐century Italian economist. The underlying concept is that the majority of problems (roughly 80%) are often caused by a small number of the sources (roughly 20%). The implication of the 80/20 rule is that most efforts are not efficient and should be reduced. The strategic objective would be to leverage and maximize the efforts that produce most of the results. In strategic management, Pareto analysis is linked to the analysis of an organization's internal environment. It is particularly useful to identify internal strengths and weaknesses through the evaluation of an organization's internal resources and capabilities, which are the source of its core competencies and which in turn, create competitive advantage.
Trade‐Offs
Authors: Powell Taman
Published: January 2015

A trade‐off is when more of one thing necessitates less of another. Trade‐offs are important to strategy as a strategic position is not sustainable unless there are trade‐offs with other positions.
Complex Adaptive Systems
Authors: Sammut‐Bonnici Tanya
Published: January 2015

Complex adaptive systems (CAS) consist of diverse components that are interdependent, act as a unified whole, and have the ability to learn from experience and to adapt to change in the environment. Examples of CAS are the global economy, stock markets, emerging cities, online social networks, and the internet. The insights from CAS that are significant to strategic management are their high degree of adaptive capacity and their resilience in the face of disruptive change. Strategists would benefit from an understanding of how to create businesses that react and adjust rapidly to changing market conditions, and that are able to innovate and evolve in difficult economic environments. Complexity theory provides an evolutionary perspective to explain how markets work and what organizations and industries do to survive and evolve. It proposes a set of insights on how to encourage market processes by adopting the features of CAS (adaptation, emergence, self‐organization, and cooperation) to create more responsive and agile organizations. The strategic relevance of CAS and the positive impact on revenues are becoming more evident to managers of traditional businesses. Hybrid business models are seen in both internet businesses and traditional companies. Companies are encouraging hierarchical structures and CAS to exist side by side.
Strategic Drift
Authors: Sammut‐Bonnici Tanya
Published: January 2015

Strategic drift can be defined as a gradual deterioration of competitive action that results in the failure of an organization to acknowledge and respond to changes in the business environment. The term strategic drift is used to describe a sense of cognitive sloth in the ability to meet the original objectives of an organization. The symptoms of strategic drift are a homogeneous mind set at managerial and board levels, preservation of the status quo, lack of focus on the external environment, and decline in performance. The causes of strategic drift are found in cognitive mapping and organizational culture. When strategists develop cognitive assumptions, they are often limited by intuitive thinking. The strategic decisions made within an organization are framed by culture, which in turn develops around the organizational structure, hierarchy, routines, internal controls, symbols, and shared narratives. The paradigms of managerial assumptions provide the foundation of organization culture and have a strong influence on decision making. There are three main approaches of avoiding drift: developing an early warning system, developing strategic resilience, and encouraging organizational flexibility. When to implement strategic change versus when to leave it alone is a tactical dilemma for boards and top management.
R&DStrategy
Authors: Bessant John
Published: January 2015

Research and development (R&D) has come to play a key role in public and private sector organizations – but it raises strategic challenges around resource allocation for innovation against a background of uncertainty. During the twentieth century, a number of models emerged for enabling R&D strategy but in a climate of increasing knowledge availability and its global distribution new approaches are being developed around the theme of “open innovation”. Taking advantage of major shifts in networking technologies, emphasis is moving from R&D strategy as being concerned with knowledge creation and deployment and toward managing knowledge flows into and out from the organization. While this offers significant opportunities moving to open innovation and raises challenges for R&D strategy, especially in areas of skills, intellectual property management, and absorptive capacity to identify, acquire, and assimilate external knowledge.
Cultural Web
Authors: Johnson Gerry
Published: January 2015

The cultural web is a model, the purpose of which is to show the linkages between the taken for granted assumptions, behaviours, structures, and symbols that characterize organizational culture. It has been used widely by managers, consultants, and academics as a means of understanding and explicating organizational culture.
Technology: Discourse and Possibility
Authors: Spender J.‐C.
Published: January 2015

Technology is a puzzle despite its evident impact on our lives.
Intellectual Property
Authors: Stoltenberg Clyde D.
Published: January 2015

Patent, copyright, and trademark represent the three most common categories of IP; they are typically protected by statute at the national level. Another layer of regulation covering these three categories emerged when the World Trade Organization (WTO) was created. Along with the WTO, the Uruguay round of negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs (GATT) produced an agreement on Trade‐Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which included substantive provisions defining and articulating the rights associated with various forms of IP. Because WTO member states' substantive IP laws are to conform to TRIPS, some harmonization of national statutes has occurred as a result. In addition, the concept of “trade secrets” has developed as a common law principle. Finally, issues relating to computer‐related technology, which straddle patent and copyright, are discussed.
Innovation‐Driven Industry Life Cycles
Authors: Hsu Sean T. , Ryan Robert , Cohen Susan
Published: January 2015

Popper Industry life cycle (ILC) refers to a collection of theories and frameworks that explain how the major structural characteristics of industries change and identify implications for firm strategy, organization, and survival.
Innovation Models
Authors: Afuah Allan N. , Prakah Asante Kwaku O.
Published: January 2015

The rapid pace of technological innovation, business model innovation, and globalization that firms face raises some interesting questions.
Absorptive Capacity and Technological Innovation
Authors: Zahra Shaker A. , Larraneta Bárbara , Galán José L.
Published: January 2015

Technological innovation is the foundation of competitive distinctiveness that leads to superior performance.
Service Innovation
Authors: Ettlie John E.
Published: January 2015

The academic and professional literature on service innovation and new‐service development is growing rapidly with no end in sight.
Process Innovation in Operations
Authors: Ettlie John E. , Angelis John N. , Khazanchi Shalini
Published: January 2015

Organizations routinely innovate service and production operations for greater efficiency by introducing new tools, technologies, devices, and knowledge. We focus on process innovation in manufacturing (service innovation). In the first half of our article, we discuss flexible operations and developments in mass customization, or, more accurately, dealing with flexible demand. The second half is dedicated to organizational changes to capture benefits from process innovation. Synchronous innovations thatemphasize the organizational innovations needed to realize the benefits of process innovations, such as adoption of advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT), are vital. Finally, we discuss various organizational innovations such as changes in organizational strategy, structure, culture, and human resource management (HRM) practices.
Corporate Entrepreneurship
Authors: Covin Jeffrey G. , Kuratko Donald F.
Published: January 2015

Corporate entrepreneurship (CE) as a concept has surfaced within the academic literature largely over the last four decades. The purpose of this article is to propose a CE conceptualization scheme that meaningfully reflects the complexity and heterogeneity of current thought on the nature of CE.Two empirical phenomena are herein proposed as constituting the domain of CE – namely, corporate venturing and strategic entrepreneurship. Corporate venturing occurs in three modes: internal corporate venturing, cooperative corporate venturing, and external corporate venturing. Having a clear understanding of the motives for corporate venturing is critical for effective venture management.There are two sets of motives that drive the practice of internal corporate venturing: leveraging (to exploit existing corporate competencies in new product or market arenas) and learning (to acquire new knowledge and skills that may be useful in existing product or market arenas). The forms of strategic entrepreneurship include strategic renewal, sustained regeneration, domain redefinition, organizational rejuvenation, and business model reconstruction.
Promotors and Champions of Innovation: Barriers to Innovation and Innovator Roles
Authors: Salomo Søren , Gemünden Hans Georg
Published: January 2015

Research has shown that dedicated individuals driving innovation activities are essential for achieving innovation success. Different roles played by individuals correspond with specific barriers to innovation in organizations, which can be overcome by cooperation of such champions or promotors of innovation. Multiple role combinations, parallel enacted champion roles, and variations of role structures over time in a project depend on the specific innovation challenge.
Australia's National Innovation System
Authors: Scott‐Kemmis Don , Matthews Judy
Published: January 2015

The Commonwealth of Australia was formed from by the federation of the states in 1901, and has remained a federal system, with significant areas of public administration controlled at the State level.
National Innovation System of
F
inland
Authors: Lovio Raimo , Välikangas Liisa
Published: January 2015

Finland, a Nordic republic with 5.2 million inhabitants bordering Sweden, Norway, and Russia, has been a member of the European Community since 1995.
Cooperative
R&D
Agreements (
CRADAS
)
Authors: Olk Paul
Published: January 2015

Cooperative research and development agreements (CRADAs) are designed to encourage technology transfer from U.S. federal laboratories and private‐sector firms. Legislation passed in the 1980s has led to the proliferation of these arrangements.
Frugal Innovation
Authors: Banerjee Preeta
Published: January 2015

The bottom of the pyramid (BOP) is the largest, but poorest socioeconomic group of four billion people who live on less than $2 per day, typically in developing countries. Developed countries differ from developing countries in that their business models and organizational structures are traditionally designed for the development of advanced products and services for the affluent few at the top of the economic pyramid. On the other hand, frugal innovation creates value through the 4As in multinational firms, governmental, nongovernmental, and entrepreneurial organizations: (i)
affordability
or the degree to which a firm can deliver offerings at a price point that enables consumption by even the poorest consumers; (ii)
acceptability
or the extent to which consumers and others in the value chain are willing to consume, distribute, or sell a product or service; (iii)
availability
or the attention to the “last‐mile” by inventing methods of distributing or delivering their products and services to even the most isolated communities; and (iv)
awareness
that relates to the degree to which customers are knowledgeable about product or services. Interested researchers and practitioners must study and devise new business strategies that are very different from the ones they use in developed markets.
Ester‐amide based on ricinoleic acid as a novel primary plasticizer for poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Savvashe Prashant B. , Kadam Pravin G. , Mhaske Shashank T.
Published: January 2015

Utilization of ricinoleic acid as a raw material for the synthesis of green plasticizer would offer an alternative to the phthalate plasticizers. Ester‐amide of ricinoleic acid was synthesized by a two‐step reaction with dibutyl amine and benzoic acid; and then utilized as primary plasticizer in PVC. Ester‐amide plasticizer was added up to 40 phr in PVC; and the prepared PVC sheets were characterized for mechanical, X‐ray diffraction, thermal, rheological, colorimetric, and exudation properties. Addition of the ester‐amide plasticizer demonstrated good incorporation and plasticizing performance in PVC. Viscosity of PVC decreased with increased addition of ester‐amide plasticizer. The dark color of the synthesized plasticizer could have constraints on its application areas; however, the prepared samples illustrated negligible weight loss in the exudation test, attributed to better compatibility between them brought about by the ester, tertiary amide and polarizable benzene ring in the ester‐amide plasticizer with the C‐Cl polar linkage in PVC. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41913.
Role of tropical Indian Ocean air–sea interactions in modulating Indian summer monsoon in a coupled model
Authors: Chowdary Jasti S. , Bandgar Arti B. , Gnanaseelan C. , Luo Jing‐Jia
Published: January 2015

While the importance of El Niño to the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall variability has been widely recognized, the role of tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) is still unclear. Present results based on coupled model sensitivity experiments revealed that the TIO air–sea interaction trims down suppressed rainfall locally over the ISM region by opposing the influence of tropical Pacific Ocean (TPO) during El Niño developing summers. Besides, El Niño‐induced TIO basin‐wide warming supports positive rainfall anomalies over the ISM region by maintaining local convection. TIO local air–sea interaction opposes the Pacific impact even in the absence of Indian Ocean Dipole.
A closer look at juvenile adjudicative competence: What is fundamentally fair?
Authors: Kemp Kathleen , Rogers Jamison
Published: January 2015

Over the past several years, child advocates have been increasingly concerned about the rights of youth involved in the juvenile justice system. A recent article by the Juvenile Justice Information Exchange highlights juvenile detainees' inadequate access to legal counsel as one example, and many advocates stress the importance of juveniles' legal rights, noting a trend toward a more punitive and less rehabilitative focus of the juvenile court (Grisso & Quinlan, 2005). Some sanctions may even result in adult criminal records with long‐term impacts on school, employment, and housing options that juveniles struggle to understand. Overall, children and adolescents under age 16 do not demonstrate the same capacities as their adult counterparts to understand and participate in the legal process (Grisso et al., 2003). As a result, the number of youth participating in legal proceedings without adequate understanding of the legal process or of the long‐term consequences remains unclear.
The importance of integrated care and collaborative consultation for advancing early childhood mental health: Lessons learned from professional colleagues
Authors: Low Christine M.
Published: January 2015

In the field of early childhood mental health (ECMH), we emphasize that advancing one's own professional development comes directly from examining the experience of working with your young clients and their caregivers. And while this remains quite true, and a core tenet to the field of ECMH, I want to discuss an important lesson about professional roles for psychologists learned from colleagues in pediatric primary care.
Keep your eye on …
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2015

vulnerability of teens, especially boys, to alcohol and cigarette use across five international cities

the effect of socioeconomic status on drinking behavior in young blacks and whites
Maternal internalizing disorders linked to depression at age 15, continued depression at age 20
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2015

Although depression is common in adolescence and young adulthood, little is known about risk factors and trajectories. Long‐standing depression predicts continued problems in adulthood, so researchers examined the course of depression across later adolescence, using the Youth and Mental Health study, which was designed to study risk and protective factors for the development of depression in adolescence and young adulthood. The prevalence of depression rises after puberty and peaks in early adulthood; 6% to 8% of adolescents have depressive disorders.
Psychological resilience in children
Authors: Fritz Gregory K.
Published: January 2015

Early in my career as a consultation‐liaison psychiatrist, I was very involved with the pediatric oncology service at the Children's Hospital at Stanford. This was an exciting time in the world of childhood cancer, as effective treatments were finally available, life expectancy was increasing dramatically, and long‐term survival had become a real possibility. I was fortunate to secure grant funding for one of the early studies of psychosocial outcomes in pediatric cancer survivors, and the opportunity to spend many hours listening intently to children and their families who'd survived a war with cancer changed me forever.
Negative Parenting: A Guide for Parents
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2015

Negative parenting — such a high‐flown phrase, linked in almost every study to poor outcomes for children — does not convey the anguish felt by many parents of children with various behavioral problems. When the child is sleeping peacefully, the parents plan on how they will respond only positively and with patience no matter what the next day — or hour if it's a nap — brings. But whether it's a developmentally appropriate temper tantrum in the supermarket by a 2‐year‐old or ongoing serious pathology such as oppositional defiant disorder, most parents “lose it” at some time or other when their child misbehaves. It's normal.
The role of hemodynamic catheterization in the evaluation of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: A case series
Authors: Bishu Kalkidan , Coylewright Megan , Nishimura Rick
Published: January 2015

Confirmation of the presence and magnitude of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction is a critical component of the evaluation of symptoms in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The presence of LVOT obstruction in patients with severe symptoms refractory to pharmacologic therapy identifies a subgroup of HCM patients who may benefit from septal reduction therapy. Two‐dimensional echocardiography with continuous wave Doppler is the main tool for confirming the presence and severity of LVOT obstruction in HCM. However, when uncertainty remains following non‐invasive evaluation, invasive hemodynamics studies are required to confirm and quantify LVOT obstruction. In this manuscript we describe a series of 6 cases in which hemodynamic catheterization is instrumental in supplementing non‐invasive imaging in the assessment of LVOT obstruction in HCM. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Introducing a Large Polar Tetragonal Distortion into Ba‐Doped BiFeO3 by Low‐Temperature Fluorination.
Authors: Clemens Oliver , Kruk Robert , Patterson Eric A. , Loho Christoph , Reitz Christian , Wright Adrian J. , Knight Kevin S. , Hahn Horst , Slater Peter R.
Published: January 2015

Bi1‐xBaxFeO3‐x/2 (x = 0.2, 0.3) phases are synthesized by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of BaCO3, Bi2O3, and Fe2O3 (850—920 °C, 30—45 h, yield given in g).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, Resistivity Studies, and Electronic Properties of Three New Barium Actinide Tellurides: BaThTe4, BaUTe4, and BaUTe6.
Authors: Prakash Jai , Lebegue Sebastien , Malliakas Christos D. , Ibers James A.
Published: January 2015

The title compounds are synthesized from mixtures of the elements (1073—1223 K, 96 h) and characterized by single crystal XRD, resistivity measurements, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure Analysis of Na4Si4‐xGex by Single Crystal X‐Ray Diffraction.
Authors: Morito Haruhiko , Momma Kenji , Yamane Hisanori
Published: January 2015

Black platelets or columnar single crystals of Na4Si4‐xGex are obtained by heating mixtures of Si and Ge using excess Na as a flux (BN crucible in stainless steel tube, 1173 K, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of α‐ and β‐Na2U2O7: From Rietveld Refinement Using Powder Neutron Diffraction Data.
Authors: IJdo D. J. W. , Akerboom S. , Bontenbal A.
Published: January 2015

α‐Na2U2O7 (I) is prepared by heating stoichiometric amounts of Na2CO3 and U3O8 in O2 (Au crucible, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of the First Mixed Alkali Borate‐Nitrate K3Na[B6O9(OH)3]NO3.
Authors: Ortner Teresa S. , Wurst Klaus , Perfler Lukas , Tribus Martina , Huppertz Hubert
Published: January 2015

K3Na[B6O9(OH)3]NO3 is prepared under hydrothermal conditions from a 1:2:2 mixture of Na2B4O7·10H2O, K2B4O7·4H2O, and KNO3 as a nitrate source (autoclave, 513 K, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fused Isoquinolinone and Iminoisoindolinone Derivatives via a Copper‐Catalyzed Regioselective Switching Process.
Authors: Kavala Veerababurao , Wang Cheng‐Chuan , Wang Yu‐Hsuan , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Janreddy Donala , Huang Wen‐Chang , Kuo Ting‐Shen , He Chiu Hui , Chen Mei‐Ling , Yao Ching‐Fa
Published: January 2015

In the presence of the strong bases benzyl cyanide derivatives (II) act as nucleophiles yielding fused isoquinoline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Hypervalent Iodine Mediated Oxidative Nitration of N‐Aryl Sulfonamides.
Authors: Kloeckner Ulrich , Nachtsheim Boris J.
Published: January 2015

The first hypervalent iodine‐mediated nitration of electron deficient N‐aryl sulfonamides is described.
ChemInform Abstract: [(p‐Cymene)RuCl2]2: An Efficient Catalyst for Highly Regioselective Allylic Alkylations of Chelated Amino Acid Ester Enolates.
Authors: Bayer Anton , Kazmaier Uli
Published: January 2015

The reaction of Zn‐chelated glycine enolate with secondary allylic carboxylates bearing a terminal double bond leads to desired branched amino acid esters (III), (V)/(VI), and (VIII) in good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐β‐Ketoenamides from β‐Halo α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Gogoi Junali , Gogoi Pranjal , Boruah Romesh C.
Published: January 2015

Various non‐steroidal and steroidal (Z)‐β‐ketoenamides are stereoselectively synthesized from the corresponding β‐halo α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Asymmetric Disulfides.
Authors: Lu Xiaogang , Wang Hongmei , Gao Runli , Sun Daoming , Bi Xiaojing
Published: January 2015

Tertiary alkyl halides and aryl halides fail to react.
ChemInform Abstract: Silyl Triflate‐Accelerated Additions of Catalytically Generated Zinc Acetylides to N‐Phenyl Nitrones.
Authors: Downey C. Wade , Maxwell Erin N. , Confair Danielle N.
Published: January 2015

After deprotection with TosOH in MeOH the free N‐hydroxyl propargylamines are obtained, whereas the Tms‐protected products (VI) are isolated due to decomposition of the products during the removal of the Tms group, in some cases.
ChemInform Abstract: Diels—Alder Reaction of Ethyl 3‐Benzamido‐2‐oxo‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)‐2H‐pyran‐5‐carboxylate with Alkoxyalkenes as an Effective Approach to Trifluoromethyl‐Containing 3‐Aminobenzoic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Kondratov Ivan S. , Tolmachova Nataliya A. , Dolovanyuk Violetta G. , Gerus Igor I. , Bergander Klaus , Daniliuc Constantin‐Gabriel , Haufe Guenter
Published: January 2015

Diels—Alder reaction of pyrone (I) with alkoxy alkenes at 120 °C provides the corresponding cycloadducts (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Formation of Methylenebis(chalcone)s Through Unprecedented Methylenation Reaction. Application to Antiparasitic and Natural Product Synthesis.
Authors: Thevenin Marion , Mouray Elisabeth , Grellier Philippe , Dubois Joelle
Published: January 2015

The presented coupling of highly functionalized phenoles by methylenation reaction gives the title products in low to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Tetrahydrosalan‐Type Complexes as Catalysts for Sonogashira Couplings in Water: Efficient Greening of the Procedure.
Authors: Voronova Krisztina , Homolya Levente , Udvardy Antal , Benyei Attila C. , Joo Ferenc
Published: January 2015

The reaction is performed with equimolar amounts of aryl iodide and terminal alkyne leading to full conversion upon sufficiently long reaction times and without a copper catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Substituent‐Enabled Oxidative Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling of 1,4‐Naphthoquinones with Alkenes.
Authors: Zhang Chi , Wang Meining , Fan Zhoulong , Sun Li‐Ping , Zhang Ao
Published: January 2015

A Rh‐catalyzed oxidative cross‐coupling of 2‐amino‐substituted 1,4‐naphthoquinones with activated olefins is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Enantioselective Organocascade Michael—Michael Reactions: Construction of Chiral Trisubstituted Indanes.
Authors: Li Ning , Liu Guo‐Gui , Chen Jian , Pan Feng‐Feng , Wu Bing , Wang Xing‐Wang
Published: January 2015

The direction of the domino Michael—Michael reaction depends on the structure of the starting dienone leading to indanes (III) or (V).
ChemInform Abstract: First Synthesis of Unexpected Functionalized Trifluoromethylated 8‐Oxa‐2,4‐diazaspiro[5.5]undecanes via One‐Pot MCRs.
Authors: Li Jia , Shi Wei , Yang WenXin , Kang ZhangPing , Zhang Min , Song LiPing
Published: January 2015

The formed spiro compounds can be further dehydrated to (V) in the presence of thionyl chloride/pyridine.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Allenylation/Intramolecular Diels—Alder Reaction of Furans with Propargyl Carboxylates for the Synthesis of Polycyclic Compounds.
Authors: Wang Chengyu , Kong Lingkai , Li Yanli , Li Yanzhong
Published: January 2015

The obtained oxygen‐bridged Diels—Alder cycloadducts can be further converted into anthracene derivatives such as (VII) in a chemoselective manner via treatment with a Lewis acid.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Methyl‐5‐(trifluoromethyl)azafulvenium Methide, an Intermediate that Undergoes Reaction Through “Unusual” cis‐exo‐1,3‐ and trans‐exo‐1,7‐Cycloadditions.
Authors: Pelaez Walter Jose , Pepino Ana Julieta , Argueello Gustavo Alejandro , Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D.
Published: January 2015

The presented reaction gives the cycloaddition products in good yields but low diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of CF3‐Substituted Pyrazolines/Pyrazoles from Electron‐Deficient Alkenes/Alkynes and CF3CHN2 Generated in Situ: Optimized Synthesis of Tris(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole.
Authors: Slobodyanyuk Evgeniy Y. , Artamonov Olexiy S. , Shishkin Oleg V. , Mykhailiuk Pavel K.
Published: January 2015

The 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azide generated from hydrochloride (II) and alkynes or alkenes with at least one strong electron‐withdrawing group allows the synthesis of various pyrazoles as well as Δ1‐ [e.g. (VII)] and Δ2‐pyrazolines [e.g. (V)] in excellent yields with high regio‐ and diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic, Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Nonsymmetric cis‐Stilbene Diamines: A Platform for the Preparation of Single‐Enantiomer cis‐Imidazolines for Protein—Protein Inhibition.
Authors: Vara Brandon A. , Mayasundari Anand , Tellis John C. , Danneman Michael W. , Arredondo Vanessa , Davis Tyler A. , Min Jaeki , Finch Kristin , Guy R. Kiplin , Johnston Jeffrey N.
Published: January 2015

The novel mono(amidine) catalysts (+)‐(I) and their enantiomers are found to be highly efficient for the syntheses of a broad spectrum of adducts in the enantioselective aza ‐ Henry approach.
ChemInform Abstract: One Pot Three Components Microwave Assisted and Conventional Synthesis of New 3‐(4‐Chloro‐2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2‐(substituted) Thiazolidin‐4‐one (IV) as Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Pansare Dattatraya N. , Mulla Nayeem A. , Pawar Chandrakant D. , Shende Vikas R. , Shinde Devanand B.
Published: January 2015

Compounds (IVc), (IVd), and (IVi) are found to be more potent than respective standard drugs against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus flavus.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound‐Assisted Synthesis of Novel 1,2,3‐Triazoles Coupled Diaryl Sulfone Moieties by the CuAAC Reaction, and Biological Evaluation of Them as Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Mady Mohamed F. , Awad Ghada E. A. , Joergensen Kaare B.
Published: January 2015

All synthesized compounds are evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities.
ChemInform Abstract: IBX‐Mediated Dehydrogenation of Substituted β‐Oxonitriles.
Authors: Klahn Philipp , Kirsch Stefan F.
Published: January 2015

For the first time, the IBX‐mediated synthesis of compounds (II) at room temperature is accomplished.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Free BF3‐Mediated Oxidative and Non‐oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Pyridines.
Authors: Chen Quan , Leon Thierry , Knochel Paul
Published: January 2015

Treatment of various pyridine substrates bearing substituents at positions 2, 3, or 4 with alkynyllithium reagents under sequential conditions A), B), C) causes substitution at C‐2 or C‐6 to afford highly functionalized derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Borylation of Alkyl Electrophiles.
Authors: Atack Thomas C. , Lecker Rachel M. , Cook Silas P.
Published: January 2015

Optimized conditions concerning the amount of reactant, reagent and catalyst system are applied successfully to a broad spectrum of primary, secondary and tertiary bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Bis(oxazoline)‐Copper Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrophosphonylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Deng Tao , Cai Chun
Published: January 2015

The optimized reaction conditions including a bis(oxazoline) ligand allow the hydrophosphonylation of aldehydes to give α‐hydroxyphosphonates with enantioselectivities up to 98%.
ChemInform Abstract: A Minor Diterpenoid with a New 6/5/7/3 Fused‐Ring Skeleton from Euphorbia micractina.
Authors: Tian Ye , Guo Qinglan , Xu Wendong , Zhu Chenggen , Yang Yongchun , Shi Jiangong
Published: January 2015

The absolute configuration of title compound (I) is preliminary assigned using circular dichroism data.
ChemInform Abstract: Podoimbricatin A, a Cytotoxic Diterpenoid with an Unprecedented 6/6/5/6‐Fused Tetracyclic Ring System from the Twigs and Leaves of Podocarpus imbricatus.
Authors: Han Yang , Di Xia‐Xia , Li Hai‐Zhen , Shen Tao , Ren Dong‐Mei , Lou Hong‐Xiang , Wang Xiao‐Ning
Published: January 2015

Podoimbricatin A (I) and podoimbricatin B (II) are isolated together with four previously reported diterpenoids and a cyclic peptide.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Metal‐Free Synthesis of β‐Amino Thioesters with Tertiary and Quaternary Stereogenic Centers.
Authors: Bahlinger Annette , Fritz Sven P. , Wennemers Helma
Published: January 2015

Both types of title compounds, which are of interest as synthons for biologically important substances, are available with excellent e.e.′s in the presence of organocatalysts (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Rearranged Limonoids from the Chinese Mangrove Xylocarpus granatum Koenig.
Authors: Zhou Zhen‐Fang , Liu Hai‐Li , Zhang Wen , Kurtan Tibor , Mandi Attila , Benyei Attila , Li Jia , Taglialatela‐Scafati Orazio , Guo Yue‐Wei
Published: January 2015

Two new pyridine‐containing limonoids, xylogranatopyridines A (I) and B (II) and their formal precursor, prexylogranatopyridine (III), are isolated and evaluated for their protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Benzils (I), Scandione (I) and Calophione A (II).
Authors: Worayuthakarn Rattana , Boonya‐udtayan Sasiwadee , Ruchirawat Somsak , Thasana Nopporn
Published: January 2015

The benzils (I) and (II) exhibit potent antimicrobial activity and compound (II) further shows cytotoxicity against HL‐60 and antioxidant activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Review: Properties and Chemical Reactivity of Metallo Phthalocyanine and Tetramethylbenzoannulene Complexes Grafted into a Polymer Backbone
Authors: Ferraudi G. , Lappin A. G.
Published: January 2015

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Transformations of Alkynals, Alkynones, Propriolates, and Related Electron‐Deficient Alkynes
Authors: Fraile Alberto , Parra Alejandro , Tortosa Mariola , Aleman Jose
Published: January 2015

Review: [135 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Directed C‐H Functionalizations Using Monodentate Nitrogen‐based Directing Groups
Authors: Zhang Min , Zhang Yuanfei , Jie Xiaoming , Zhao Huaiqing , Li Gang , Su Weiping
Published: January 2015

Review: data published during the past two years; 248 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances on Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Mannich Reactions
Authors: Cai Xiao‐Hua , Xie Bing
Published: January 2015

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Insights Gained from Solvable Models into a Variety of Phase Transitions, Including Emergent Assemblies Plus Isoelectronic Series of Atomic Ions
Authors: March N. H. , Angilella G. G. N. , Pucci R.
Published: January 2015

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mannich Bases in Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design
Authors: Roman Gheorghe
Published: January 2015

Review: 514 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Computational Chemistry on Chemical Glycosylation
Authors: Satoh Hiroko , Nukada Tomoo
Published: January 2015

Review: 138 refs.
Conformational Transformations of Sulfur‐Containing Rings: 2‐Methyltetrahydrothiophene Gas‐Phase Structures
Authors: Van Vinh , Dindic Christina , Nguyen Ha Vinh Lam , Stahl Wolfgang
Published: January 2015

The front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Prof. Wolfgang Stahl (RWTH Aachen University, Germany) and Dr. Ha Vinh Lam Nguyen (LISA, UPEC, France). The cover image shows the most stable conformation of 2‐methyltetrahydrothiophene and the simulated spectrum (lower trace) compared to the experimental spectrum (upper trace). Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201402727.
Collaborate on strategic planning for campuswide results
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: January 2015

LOS ANGELES — The University of California, San Diego recently celebrated its 50th anniversary. Another milestone was that officials created the institution's first strategic plan.
Collaborate to create innovative program options
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: January 2015

It's possible to argue that universities haven't fully adapted to the 21st century, said Soumitra Dutta, dean of the Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management at Cornell University. Students seek learning experiences that take advantage of new technology and communications methods.