bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Next‐generation bioinformatics: An ultrafast and user‐friendly tool for phylogenomic data exploration
Authors: Chan Kin Onn
Published: July 2024

With increasingly large genomic datasets, even routine bioinformatic tasks can be arduous, computationally demanding, and time‐consuming. Additionally, most bioinformatic programs do not have a graphical user interface (GUI) and thus, require users to be minimally competent in command‐line. These impediments present significant economic and technological barriers for practitioners who do not have access to advanced computational resources and support. In this issue of Molecular Ecology Resources, Handika and Esselstyn (2024) developed an ultrafast and memory‐efficient bioinformatic tool, SEGUL, that performs common manipulations and calculations of summary statistics on phylogenomic datasets. SEGUL has two main features that distinguish it from other bioinformatic programs: (1) it is based on the recently emergent, high‐performance programming language Rust, and (2) it has a GUI written using Flutter, a cross‐platform programming framework that also supports mobile operating systems (mobile iOS, iPadOS and Android). By leveraging and combining the power of Rust and Flutter, SEGUL achieves significantly faster computation times and lower memory usage across different platforms and CPU architectures compared to similar programs. The unique and innovative features of SEGUL pave the way for a new era of bioinformatics that can be more energy‐efficient, inclusive, and available to a broader swathe of users.
Packaging of disposable vaping products and e‐liquids in England, Canada and the United States: A content analysis
Authors: Nottage Matilda K. , Taylor Eve V. , East Katherine A. , McNeill Ann , Thrasher James F. , Reid Jessica L. , Hammond David , Simonavičius Erikas
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims

Vaping product packaging is varied and often features bright colours and novel designs, particularly among recently marketed disposable vapes. This study provides an overview of attributes found on the packaging of popular disposable vapes and e‐liquid bottles in England, Canada and the United States (US) and assesses compliance with local packaging regulations.

Design

Content analysis.

Setting

Brick‐and‐mortar and online shops in England (London), Canada (Ontario) and the US (New Hampshire and South Carolina).

Cases

108 vaping products (including packaging) from 76 brands in a range of flavours and nicotine levels. Specifically, 48 disposable vapes (15 from England, 16 from Canada, 17 from the US) and 60 e‐liquid bottles (20 per country).

Measurements

Textual and graphic branding and marketing elements, independently coded by two researchers and checked by a third.

Findings

Compliance with local packaging regulations varied across countries. Health warnings were present on the packaging of all but one nicotine‐containing product, although 33% of disposables and 17% of e‐liquids featuring the warning did not adhere to formatting requirements. Leaflets were seldom included with e‐liquid bottles, even in England (45%) where mandatory, and omitted elsewhere. Labelling of nicotine type and batch numbers was inconsistent. Vaping product packaging featured claims relating to sensory perceptions (41%), most often flavours, and some (32%) featured youth‐appealing content. Common graphic elements included stylised brand fonts (80%), brand logos (54%), product representations on the external packaging (47%) and abstract graphic elements (64%). Colours on packaging, disposable vapes and e‐liquid bottles were associated with product flavour.

Conclusions

In England, Canada and the United States, popular disposable vapes and e‐liquid bottles appear to have varying compliance with local packaging regulations and inconsistent labelling of nicotine and product characteristics. The use of colourful designs, evocative descriptors and appealing graphics to promote flavours underscores the need for comprehensive packaging regulations and enforcement.
Editorial: Sounding the alarm—The rising global burden of adolescent and young adult alcohol‐related liver disease
Authors: Kronsten Victoria T. , Shawcross Debbie L.
Published: July 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Danpanichkul et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18101 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18157
Voting participation in grassroots elections and rural residents’ subjective well‐being in China: The mediation roles of social class and fairness
Authors: Liu Wendao , Li Jack Jin Tai , Chen Jie
Published: July 2024

Drawing upon three waves of micro‐level data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) collected during the period of 2015 to 2018, the study empirically examines the relationship between voting participation in grassroots elections and individual‐level SWB in rural China. The empirical results indicate that those rural residents who participated in villagers’ committee elections are associated with higher levels of SWB. Furthermore, the findings based on partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) also reveal that the positive relationship between rural residents’ voting participation and their SWB is mediated by a chain effect of subjective social class and perceived social fairness. Significant heterogeneity of such mediation roles across different demographic groups is detected. The findings of this research highlight the importance of promoting the engagement of residents in grassroots‐level elections as a means of enhancing social harmony.

Public Significance

This study demonstrates that voting participation in rural elections in China is associated with individual subjective well‐being, with this effect mediated by individual social status and sense of fairness. These findings underscore the importance of civic engagement in promoting personal well‐being, highlighting the need for policies that encourage widespread participation in grassroots governance.
Successful complete thoracoscopic resection of costal osteochondroma: A case report
Authors: Fujita Tomohiro , Hayasaka Kazuki , Kobayashi Kazuma , Eba Shunsuke , Sato Nobuyuki
Published: July 2024

Osteochondroma rarely occurs in the ribs; therefore, the treatment is not standardized. There are few studies of resection via complete thoracoscopic surgery (CTS), although video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery with mini‐thoracotomy has been reported. Herein, we report a case of costal osteochondroma managed with CTS. A 23‐year‐old woman presented to our hospital due to left chest pain. Chest computed tomography revealed a bone‐like structure protruding into the thoracic cavity from the left fourth rib. Thus, surgery was performed to obtain a definitive diagnosis and provide appropriate treatment. The tumor was resected from the base at the border of the normal bone via CTS using three 5.5‐mm ports. A pathological diagnosis of costal osteochondroma was made. The patient had an uneventful clinical course and did not present with a recurrence 1 year after surgery. Therefore, CTS can be a good approach for cases with slim and stalked costal osteochondroma.
Discovering interactions in polypharmacy: Impact of metamizole on the metabolism of quetiapine
Authors: Watermeyer Fabian , Gaebler Arnim Johannes , Neuner Irene , Haen Ekkehard , Hiemke Christoph , Schoretsanitis Georgios , Paulzen Michael
Published: July 2024

Aims: Metamizole is quite an old drug with analgesic, antipyretic and spasmolytic properties. Recent findings have shown that it may induce several cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, especially CYP3A4 and CYP2B6. The clinical relevance of these properties is uncertain. We aimed to unravel potential pharmacokinetic interactions between metamizole and the CYP3A4 substrate quetiapine.

Methods: Plasma concentrations of quetiapine from a large therapeutic drug monitoring database were analysed. Two groups of 33 patients, either receiving quetiapine as a monotherapy (without CYP modulating comedications) or with concomitantly applied metamizole, were compared addressing a potential impact of metamizole on the metabolism of quetiapine being reflected in differences of plasma concentrations of quetiapine and dose‐adjusted plasma concentrations.

Results: Patients comedicated with metamizole showed >50% lower plasma concentrations of quetiapine (median 45.2 ng/mL, Q1 = 15.5; Q3 = 90.5 vs. 92.0 ng/mL, Q1 = 52.3; Q3 = 203.8, P = .003). The dose‐adjusted plasma concentrations were 69% lower in the comedication group (P = .001). Subgroup analyses did not suggest a dose dependency of the metamizole effect or an influence of quetiapine formulation (immediate vs. extended release). Finally, the comedication group exhibited a significantly higher proportion of patients whose quetiapine concentrations were below the therapeutic reference range (78.8% in the metamizole group vs. 54.4% in the control group, P = .037) indicating therapeutically insufficient drug concentrations.

Conclusion: The combination of metamizole and quetiapine leads to significantly lower drug concentrations of quetiapine, probably via an induction of CYP3A4. Clinicians must consider the risk of adverse drug reactions, especially treatment failure under quetiapine when adding metamizole.
Examining cognitive processes of spatial thinking in university students: Insights from a web‐based geographic information systems study
Authors: Xiang Xi , Xi Di
Published: July 2024

Spatial thinking is essential for nurturing spatially literate graduates in tertiary education. However, there is limited research on individual differences in cognitive processes and their impact on spatial problem solving in disciplinary contexts. This study aimed to investigate cognitive processes involved in spatial thinking in geography majors using a web‐based geographic information systems (GIS) mapping tool. The results revealed three clusters characterised by distinctive cognitive processes: spatial analytic, spatial diagrammatic and alternative. Each cluster adopted unique spatial strategies to solve problems with web‐based GIS. Notably, spatial analytic learners demonstrated the most optimal profile, resulting in high spatial task performance. These findings have implications for maximising students' learning potential in spatial thinking in the tertiary classroom, optimising performance outcomes in spatial problem solving and building intelligent tutoring systems for adaptive learning.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

There are individual differences in spatial reasoning.

The processes of spatial thinking may have an impact on learners' spatial performance outcomes.

What this paper adds

Three clusters characterised by distinctive processes of spatial thinking were identified: spatial analytic, spatial diagrammatic and alternative.

Each cluster adopted unique spatial strategies to solve problems with web‐based GIS.

Spatial analytic learners demonstrated the optimal profile, resulting in high‐level spatial performance, whereas alternative learners exhibited the maladaptive profile, which was associated with low task outcomes.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Web‐based GIS mapping tools make it possible to track the processes of spatial thinking that have remained largely unexplored.

Cluster analysis and lag sequential analysis reveal differences in spatial reasoning, aiding educators in maximising the potential for university students to learn spatial thinking and optimising performance outcomes in spatial problem solving.

Our findings could inform learning technology designers to build adaptive learning applications in which students receive automatic feedback and tailored support while completing spatial tasks at their own pace.
The motivations and reputational consequences of spreading conspiracy theories
Authors: Cao Shen , van Prooijen Jan‐Willem , van Vugt Mark
Published: July 2024

Some people deliberately spread conspiracy theories. What are the reputational benefits and costs of doing so? The Adaptive‐Conspiracism hypothesis proposes that it pays to be vigilant against possible conspiracies, especially in case of intergroup threat. Those who spread conspiracy theories may therefore be seen as valuable group members. Few studies have focused on the reputational impact of spreading a conspiracy theory. We conducted five studies (NPilot = 303; NStudy1 = 388; NStudy2 = 560; NStudy3 = 391; NStudy4 = 373) where participants rated a conspiracy spreader (vs. a neutral person) on a range of personality traits in different intergroup contexts. The results indicated that conspiracy spreaders were consistently perceived as more dominant and less warm than people making non‐conspiratorial claims about certain events. Moreover, intergroup conflict attenuated the negative effects of spreading conspiracy theories on competence and warmth. These findings support the notion that besides drawbacks, spreading conspiracy theories can have benefits for the spreader's reputation, particularly during an intergroup conflict.
Characterization and mapping of continental breakup and seafloor spreading initiation: The example of the northern rifted margin of the South China Sea
Authors: Zhang Cuimei , Manatschal Gianreto , Taylor Brian , Sun Zhen , Zhao Minghui , Zhang Jiazheng
Published: July 2024

Mapping ocean‐continent transitions (OCTs) separating equivocal continental and oceanic crusts is fundamental to investigate breakup processes and define the age and location of initial seafloor spreading. However, proposed limits of OCTs are rarely consistent, do not use uniform criteria, and result in conflicting interpretations as shown for the case of the northern South China Sea (SCS). We review original datasets including reflection and refraction seismic sections, drilling and potential field data with the aim to develop a ‘drilling‐constrained integrated geological‐geophysical’ approach to define the OCT along the northern SCS, understand the breakup process, and to compare the OCT in the SCS with those at Atlantic type rifted margins. The result shows a narrow, 5–15 km wide OCT. It separates a segmented margin that rifted a former arc in the west and a forearc in the east, both facing a Penrose oceanic crust that thins from the west towards the east. Seafloor spreading may have first nucleated at two centres during magnetic anomaly C11 in the NE and central subbasins, which then locally propagated both W and E to break through salients and produce full breakup at 29 Ma (anomaly C10r). Breakup at the SCS shows many differences to Atlantic type margins, in part due to inheritance but also due to rift/spreading‐related parameters such as strain/spreading rates.
Low‐dose, standard, and high‐resolution cone beam computed tomography for alveolar bone measurements related to implant planning: An ex vivo study in human specimens
Authors: Kaaber Laurits , Matzen Louise Hauge , Spin‐Neto Rubens , Schropp Lars
Published: July 2024

Aim

To evaluate the performance of low‐dose cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) protocols with regard to linear bone measurements in the posterior mandible for implant planning compared with higher dose protocols.

Materials and Methods

Forty‐two edentulous posterior sites in human cadaveric mandibles were imaged in three CBCT scanners using three or four protocols with varying exposure parameters to achieve lower dose. Co‐registration was performed to generate sagittal and cross‐sectional image sections representative of the implant site. Three observers measured bone height, from the alveolar crest to the mandibular canal, and width, three mm from the top of the alveolar crest. Intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility were assessed for the cases rated as nonmeasurable as well as for completed measurements. The measurements were analyzed using paired t‐tests for differences among the CBCT protocols and the frequency distribution of nonmeasurable cases with a Pearson Chi‐square test.

Results

Reproducibility for registering nonmeasurable cases varied among observers; however, no consistent significant differences were found in the frequency distribution of these cases among observers, units, and protocols. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were >0.9 for all measurements of bone height and width. Mean differences of <0.5 mm were found regardless of protocol; however, one observer did in some cases produce larger differences.

Conclusion

Linear bone measurements did not differ significantly and could be performed with excellent reliability, using low‐dose CBCT protocols compared with standard and high‐resolution ones. Varying approaches for rating nonmeasurable cases were found, indicating differences in diagnostic strategies related to implant planning among observers.
The association between bilirubin concentrations and inflammatory bowel disease: Insights from a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zoroddu Stefano , Di Lorenzo Biagio , Paliogiannis Panagiotis , Mangoni Arduino A. , Carru Ciriaco , Zinellu Angelo
Published: July 2024

Background

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), poses a significant challenge to health care systems because of its chronic nature and increasing global prevalence. Effective management of IBD requires accurate diagnostic tools and biomarkers. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the relationship between bilirubin concentrations and IBD activity and outcomes.

Methods

A comprehensive search of electronic databases identified 11 studies that included 2606 subjects with IBD and 3607 healthy controls.

Results

Bilirubin concentrations were significantly lower in subjects with IBD when compared to controls (SMD = −0.96, 95% CI −1.21 to −0.70; p < .001). Although substantial heterogeneity was observed, sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the results. Publication bias was detected, but subgroup analyses did not significantly alter the results. Meta‐regression showed that age was a significant factor influencing the association between bilirubin concentrations and IBD. Subgroup analyses showed a more pronounced reduction in bilirubin concentrations in subjects with CD than those with UC.

Conclusion

This study supports the potential utility of bilirubin as a biomarker in IBD, emphasizing the need for further research to validate its clinical significance.
Making a healthy choice: Tactical host selection behaviour of a parasitoid wasp
Authors: Sasidharan Aswathi , Ghosh Enakshi , Venkatesan Radhika
Published: July 2024

Host selection behaviour plays a pivotal role in determining the success of parasitoids, especially in environments where host quality varies. In heterogeneous environments, parasitoids frequently encounter hosts that are infected.

We conducted experiments to ascertain whether the ecto‐parasitoid Bracon brevicornis can differentiate between healthy caterpillars and those infected with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and examined the implications of this host selection behaviour.

In an olfactometer choice assay, B. brevicornis avoided Bt‐infected Spodoptera litura hosts. In a no‐choice assay, the female parasitoid displayed a lower paralysis rate on infected hosts, indicating a strong selection behaviour. Furthermore, we explored the impact of infection duration by exposing female wasps to larvae infected for 24, 48 and 72 h with Bt. Both choice and no‐choice assays demonstrated that female B. brevicornis refrains from ovipositing on infected larvae, regardless of the infection duration.

Direct exposure to Bt through consumption did not affect the fitness of the tested parasitoid wasp. However, post‐24‐h Bt infection, host larvae showed an increased total hemocyte density, particularly high phagocytic cell numbers, and enhanced melanization, rendering the host larva unsuitable for parasitoid development.

Taken together, our study underscores that parasitoids exhibit robust host selection behaviour by actively avoiding infected hosts. This insight is valuable for devising new pest control strategies in agriculture that safeguard beneficial parasitoids.
Reproduction in the tropical invasive freshwater mussel Sinanodonta pacifica (Unionidae), at different elevations in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sahidin Asep , Muhammad Gunawan , Hasan Zahidah , Arief Mochamad Candra Wirawan , Herawati Heti , Komaru Akira
Published: July 2024

Following the unintentional introduction of the freshwater mussel Sinanodonta pacifica into Indonesia, it dispersed rapidly. The life cycle and reproductive characteristics of this species throughout Indonesia are poorly known. This information is required to manage the species and mitigate against any negative effects that it might have on native ecosystems.

We firstly report on the reproductive biology of S. pacifica by combined temporal monitoring, histological investigation, and light and scanning electron microscopy, and relate mussel densities, and their reproductive and embryological stages, to environmental variables at five sites in West Java from 67 to 1,580 m above sea level.

Sinanodonta pacifica is protandrous and can spawn eggs and brood larvae throughout the year, with spawning peaks in the early rainy season from September to December. Mussels from midland sites brood 4.1–8.9‐fold more glochidia than those from lowland or highland sites; highland and lowland sites produce 3.1–4.3‐fold more hermaphrodites than midland sites. High levels of suspended solids and low chlorophyll‐a concentrations contribute to a higher proportion of hermaphrodites and a decrease in glochidia production. Low mussel densities and an unbalanced sex ratio also contribute to increased proportions of hermaphrodites, and reduced glochidia production.

These results improve our understanding of how S. pacifica recruits across elevations, and how population growth might threaten native species and natural ecosystems. Management involving periodic harvesting of mussels to control population size and promotion of economic benefits from pearl production is proposed.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated Nap knockout affects female reproduction and egg shape in Bombyx mori
Authors: Liu Xingyu , Zhang Liying , Zhang Ning , Li Kai , Mater Peter B. , He Lin
Published: July 2024

Insect reproductive capacity can affect effective pest control and infertility studies and has become an important focus in recent molecular genetic research. Nucleosome assembly protein (Nap) is highly conserved across multiple species and is involved in forming the sperm nucleus in many species. We used clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats/Cas9 technology to knockout BmNap in Bombyx mori and observed that the mutations caused female infertility, whereas male fertility was not affected. BmNap mutants grew and mated normally; however, female mutants laid smaller eggs that could not be fertilised and did not hatch. In addition, female sterility produced by the mutation could be inherited stably via male mutants; therefore, Nap could be used as a potential target for lepidopteran pest control through population regulation. In the current study, we elucidated a new function of BmNap, increased the understanding of the oogenesis regulation network in Lepidoptera and promoted the development of insect sterility technologies.
Effective target genes for RNA interference‐based management of the cabbage stem flea beetle
Authors: Cedden Doga , Güney Gözde , Debaisieux Xavier , Scholten Stefan , Rostás Michael , Bucher Gregor
Published: July 2024

The cabbage stem flea beetle (CSFB, Psylliodes chrysocephala) is a key pest of oilseed rape. The ban on neonicotinoids in the European Union due to environmental concerns and the emergence of pyrethroid‐resistant populations have made the control of CSFB extremely challenging. In search of a solution, we have recently shown that RNA interference (RNAi) has potential in the management of CSFB. However, the previously tested target genes for RNAi‐mediated pest control (subsequently called target genes) exhibited moderate and slow‐acting lethal effects. In this study, 27 double‐stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) were orally delivered to identify highly effective target genes in CSFB adults by leveraging the findings of a genome‐wide RNAi screen in Tribolium castaneum. Our screen using 500 ng of dsRNA identified 10 moderately effective (> 50% mortality) and 4 highly effective target genes (100% mortality in 8–13 days). The latter mainly included proteasome subunits. Gene expression measurements confirmed target gene silencing and dose–response studies revealed LD50 values as low as ~20 ng in 14 days following a single exposure to dsRNA. Four highly effective dsRNAs also inhibited leaf damage (up to ~75%) and one affected locomotion. The sequences of promising target genes were subjected to in silico target prediction in non‐target organisms, for example, beneficials such as honeybees, to design environmentally friendly dsRNAs. Overall, the study provides valuable insights for the development of dsRNA‐based insecticides against CSFB.
An evaluation of conceptual frameworks to improve reproductive health outcomes among women with physical disabilities
Authors: Harkins Sarah E. , Barcelona Veronica
Published: July 2024

Aim(s)

To identify and evaluate conceptual frameworks intended to guide reproductive health research among women with physical disabilities.

Design

Discussion paper.

Methods

We identified and evaluated frameworks related to the reproductive health of women with physical disabilities using modified criteria by Fawcett and DeSanto‐Madeya with constructs from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health.

Data Sources

We conducted a systematic review of literature published from 2001 to 2024 in four databases.

Results

Our review revealed two frameworks: (1) A perinatal health framework for women with physical disabilities is applicable to studies that consider multiple socioecological determinants in pregnancy; (2) A conceptual framework of reproductive health in the context of physical disabilities can guide the development of patient‐reported outcome measures for a range of reproductive health outcomes.

Conclusion

The identified frameworks have high potential to guide studies that can improve the reproductive health of women with physical disabilities. However, they have low social congruence among racially and ethnically minoritized women.

Implications for Nursing

Future frameworks must take an intersectional approach and consider the compounding injustices of ableism, racism, classism and ageism on reproductive health. A holistic approach that is inherent to the discipline of nursing is essential to address these knowledge gaps.

Impact

The reproductive health of women with disabilities is a research priority. Nurses and other researchers can select the framework most applicable to their research questions to guide study designs and should incorporate multi‐level determinants to eliminate reproductive health disparities.
Effectiveness of interventions for informal caregivers of community‐dwelling frail older adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhou Wendie , Song Xin , Si Huaxin , Bian Yanhui , Liu Qinqin , Li Yanyan , Yu Jiaqi , Wang Cuili
Published: July 2024

Aim

Systematic reviews on interventions for informal caregivers of community‐dwelling frail older adults were published over a decade ago and they mistook frailty for other severe age‐related conditions like disability and dementia. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically synthesize these interventions supporting these caregivers identified by an acknowledged frailty assessment instrument and to examine their effectiveness on caregiver‐related outcomes.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Data Sources

Fourteen electronic databases, grey literature and reference lists were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐randomized controlled trials (NRCTs) from inception to November 3, 2023.

Methods

Methodology quality and risk of bias were assessed. Data were meta‐analysed using the Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis, version 3.0. Studies and outcomes unsuitable for meta‐analysis were summarized by narrative syntheses.

Results

Four studies consisting of three RCTs and one NRCT were included involving 350 participants. Interventions for caregivers of frail older adults included multicomponent interventions (n = 3) and education intervention (n = 1). Interventions had a moderate effect on reducing depression and showed nonsignificant effects on caregiver burden, caregiving time or quality of life (QoL). The PEDro scores for RCTs ranged from 6 to 8, indicating good methodologic quality, but were all judged as high risk of bias. The NRCT reported all methodologic aspects and was at low risk of bias.

Conclusions

Few studies focus on interventions targeting caregivers of frail older adults, and their effectiveness may vary by outcomes. This review suggested the potential benefits of these interventions in reducing caregivers' depression.

Impact

The differential effectiveness by outcomes and high risk of bias of studies implicate that more rigorous studies are warranted.
Coarctation of the aorta complicated with bilateral iliac artery dissection: A rare case
Authors: He Wenye , Zhang Yuhan , Wang Luyao , Qin Hongsong , Zhang Dawei , Hao Qingzhi
Published: July 2024

The coarctation of the aorta (CoA) combined with heart defects or cerebral artery aneurysms is more prevalent in clinical practice. However, cases of concurrent bilateral iliac artery dissection (IAD) are extremely rare and have not been reported. Here, we described a case with CoA combined with bilateral IAD. The patient, a 62‐year‐old male, presented with acute intermittent claudication accompanied by pain and aching in both lower limbs after walking. Following a thorough medical history inquiry and examination, the patient was diagnosed with acute bilateral IAD combined with CoA. The patient underwent endovascular treatment. Postoperatively, the aortic diameter recovered, and the bilateral IAD disappeared, yielding satisfactory therapeutic results. Conclusively, endovascular treatment of aortic coarctation combined with IAD is an effective therapeutic approach, enhancing patient survival and improving their quality of life.
The geriatric trauma hospitalist service: An analysis of a management strategy for injured older adults
Authors: Kregel Heather R. , Pedroza Claudia , Sunez Fatimah , Khraish Gina , Onyema Ezenwa , Meyer David E. , Adams Sasha D. , Kao Lillian S. , Moore Laura J. , Puzio Thaddeus J.
Published: July 2024

Background

Management of geriatric trauma patients requires balancing chronic comorbidities with acute injuries. We developed a care model in which patients are managed by hospitalists with trauma‐centered education and hypothesized that clinical outcomes would be similar to outcomes in patients primarily managed by trauma surgeons.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of trauma patients aged ≥65 from January 2020 to December 2021. Groups were defined by admitting service: trauma surgery service (TSS) or geriatric trauma hospitalist service (GTHS). The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. Regression analyses and inverse probability treatment weighted (IPTW) propensity score (PS) analyses were performed to determine the association between admitting service and outcomes.

Results

A total of 1004 patients were eligible for inclusion—580 GTHS and 424 TSS admissions. GTHS patients were older (82 vs. 74, p < 0.001), more likely to have suffered blunt trauma (99.5% vs. 95%, p < 0.001), more likely to have comorbidities (91.2% vs. 87%, p < 0.001), had higher Charlson Comorbidity Indexes (CCIs), and had lower median injury severity scores (9 vs. 13, p < 0.001). Rates of mortality, delirium, 30‐day readmission, and overall complications were low and similar between groups. While TSS patients were likely to be discharged home, GTHS had more discharges to skilled nursing facilities and longer length of stay (LOS). On multivariable analysis adjusted for age, ISS, CCI, and sex, patients admitted to GTHS had lower odds of death with an odds ratio of 0.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02–0.75, p = 0.03) when compared to TSS. On IPTW PS analysis, patients admitted to GTHS had similar odds of death with an odds ratio of 0.3 (95% CI 0.06–1.6, p = 0.16).

Conclusions

Protocolized admission criteria to a GTHS resulted in similar low mortality rates but longer LOS when compared to patients admitted to a TSS. This care model may inform other trauma centers in developing their strategies for managing the increasing volume of vulnerable injured older adults.
Descriptive study of perineuronal net in enteric nervous system of humans and mice
Authors: da Silva Matheus Deroco Veloso , Bacarin Cristiano Correia , Machado Camila Cristina Alves , Franciosi Anelise , Mendes Joana Darc de Lima , da Silva Watanabe Paulo , Miqueloto Carlos Alberto , Fattori Victor , Albarracin Orlando Yesid Esparza , Verri Waldiceu A. , Aktar Rubina , Peiris Madusha , Aziz Qasim , Blackshaw L. Ashley , de Almeida Araújo Eduardo José
Published: July 2024

Perineuronal nets (PNN) are highly specialized structures of the extracellular matrix around specific groups of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). They play functions related to optimizing physiological processes and protection neurons against harmful stimuli. Traditionally, their existence was only described in the CNS. However, there was no description of the presence and composition of PNN in the enteric nervous system (ENS) until now. Thus, our aim was to demonstrate the presence and characterize the components of the PNN in the enteric nervous system. Samples of intestinal tissue from mice and humans were analyzed by RT‐PCR and immunofluorescence assays. We used a marker (Wisteria floribunda agglutinin) considered as standard for detecting the presence of PNN in the CNS and antibodies for labeling members of the four main PNN‐related protein families in the CNS. Our results demonstrated the presence of components of PNN in the ENS of both species; however its molecular composition is species‐specific.

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Dysregulation of circadian clock gene expression patterns in a treatment‐resistant animal model of depression
Authors: Højgaard Kristoffer , Kaadt Erik , Mumm Birgitte Hviid , Pereira Vitor Silva , Elfving Betina
Published: July 2024

Circadian rhythm (CR) disturbances are among the most commonly observed symptoms during major depressive disorder, mostly in the form of disrupted sleeping patterns. However, several other measurable parameters, such as plasma hormone rhythms and differential expression of circadian clock genes (ccgs), are also present, often referred to as circadian phase markers. In the recent years, CR disturbances have been recognized as an essential aspect of depression; however, most of the known animal models of depression have yet to be evaluated for their eligibility to model CR disturbances. In this study, we investigate the potential of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)‐treated animals as a disease model for research in CR disturbances in treatment‐resistant depression. For this purpose, we evaluate the changes in several circadian phase markers, including plasma concentrations of corticosterone, ACTH, and melatonin, as well as gene expression patterns of 13 selected ccgs at 3 different time points, in both peripheral and central tissues. We observed no impact on plasma corticosterone and melatonin concentrations in the ACTH rats compared to vehicle. However, the expression pattern of several ccgs was affected in the ACTH rats compared to vehicle. In the hippocampus, 10 ccgs were affected by ACTH treatment, whereas in the adrenal glands, 5 ccgs were affected and in the prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus and liver 4 ccgs were regulated. In the blood, only 1 gene was affected. Individual tissues showed changes in different ccgs, but the expression of Bmal1, Per1, and Per2 were most generally affected. Collectively, the results presented here indicate that the ACTH animal model displays dysregulation of a number of phase markers suggesting the model may be appropriate for future studies into CR disturbances.

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Investigation of the clinical implications of anterior cervical invasion in locally advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tamura Saya , Yamanoi Koji , Inayama Yoshihide , Kurata Yasuhisa , Himoto Yuki , Taki Mana , Murakami Ryusuke , Horie Akihito , Yamaguchi Ken , Hamanishi Junzo , Mandai Masaki
Published: July 2024

Purposes

This study investigates the clinical significance of the anterior parametrical invasion in surgically treated patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Methods

We included patients diagnosed with cervical SCC with local lesions classified as T2b, who were treated at our department between January 2006 and December 2020. We evaluated the degree of anterior invasion using pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging and divided patients into three groups: partial, equivocal, and full invasion. The frequency of recurrence within 3 years (early recurrence) and overall prognosis were assessed.

Results

There were 12, 24, and 46 cases in the partial equivocal, and full invasion groups, respectively. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy was the mainstay of treatment across all groups (7, 17, and 27 cases, respectively). Although the frequency of early recurrence tended to be worse in the full group (partial; 2/7 cases, equivocal; 3/17 cases and full; 9/27 cases), all early local recurrence cases in the full group (four cases) responded well to the subsequent treatment. As for overall survival, the full invasion group had the best prognosis among the three groups.

Conclusions

In surgical treatment, although full anterior invasion may increase the risk of early local recurrence, it was considered to have little prognostic impact.
Clinging on the brink: Whole genomes reveal human‐induced population declines and severe inbreeding in the Critically Endangered Emirati Leaf‐toed Gecko (Asaccus caudivolvulus)
Authors: Burriel‐Carranza Bernat , Mochales‐Riaño Gabriel , Talavera Adrián , Els Johannes , Estarellas Maria , Al Saadi Saleh , Urriago Suarez Juan Diego , Olsson Per Olof , Matschiner Michael , Carranza Salvador
Published: July 2024

Human‐mediated habitat destruction has had a profound impact on increased species extinction rates and population declines worldwide. The coastal development in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) over the last two decades, serves as an example of how habitat transformation can alter the landscape of a country in just a few years. Here, we study the genomic implications of habitat transformation in the Critically Endangered Emirati Leaf‐toed Gecko (Asaccus caudivolvulus), the only endemic vertebrate of the UAE. We generate a high‐quality reference genome for this gecko, representing the first reference genome for the family Phyllodactylidae, and produce whole‐genome resequencing data for 23 specimens from 10 different species of leaf‐toed geckos. Our results show that A. caudivolvulus has consistently lower genetic diversity than any other Arabian species of Asaccus, suggesting a history of ancient population declines. However, high levels of recent inbreeding are recorded among populations in heavily developed areas, with a more than 50% increase in long runs of homozygosity within a 9‐year period. Moreover, results suggest that this species does not effectively purge deleterious mutations, hence making it more vulnerable to future stochastic threats. Overall, results show that A. caudivolvulus is in urgent need of protection, and habitat preservation must be warranted to ensure the species' survival.
Expression patterns of melanin‐related genes are linked to crypsis and conspicuousness in a pumpkin toadlet
Authors: Monteiro Juliane P. C. , Pröhl Heike , Lyra Mariana L. , Brunetti Andrés E. , de Nardin Eli C. , Condez Thais H. , Haddad Célio F. B. , Rodríguez Ariel
Published: July 2024

Colour signals play pivotal roles in different communication systems, and the evolution of these characters has been associated with behavioural ecology, integumentary production processes and perceptual mechanisms of the species involved. Here, we present the first insight into the molecular and histological basis of skin colour polymorphism within a miniaturized species of pumpkin toadlet, potentially representing the lowest size threshold for colour polytypism in tetrapods. Brachycephalus actaeus exhibits a coloration ranging from cryptic green to conspicuous orange skin, and our findings suggest that colour morphs differ in their capability to be detected by potential predators. We also found that the distribution and abundance of chromatophores are variable in the different colour morphs. The expression pattern of coloration related genes was predominantly associated with melanin synthesis (including dct, edn1, mlana, oca2, pmel, slc24a5, tyrp1 and wnt9a). Up‐regulation of melanin genes in grey, green and brown skin was associated with higher melanophore abundance than in orange skin, where xanthophores predominate. Our findings provide a significant foundation for comparing and understanding the diverse pathways that contribute to the evolution of pigment production in the skin of amphibians.
Space, the final frontier: The spatial component of phytoplankton–bacterial interactions
Authors: Martínez‐Pérez Clara , Zweifel Sophie T. , Pioli Roberto , Stocker Roman
Published: July 2024

Microscale interactions between marine phytoplankton and bacteria shape the microenvironment of individual cells, impacting their physiology and ultimately influencing global‐scale biogeochemical processes like carbon and nutrient cycling. In dilute environments such as the ocean water column, metabolic exchange between microorganisms likely requires close proximity between partners. However, the biological strategies to achieve this physical proximity remain an understudied aspect of phytoplankton–bacterial associations. Understanding the mechanisms by which these microorganisms establish and sustain spatial relationships and the extent to which spatial proximity is necessary for interactions to occur, is critical to learning how spatial associations influence the ecology of phytoplankton and bacterial communities. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge on the role of space in shaping interactions among ocean microorganisms, encompassing behavioural and metabolic evidence. We propose that characterising phytoplankton–bacterial interactions from a spatial perspective can contribute to a mechanistic understanding of the establishment and maintenance of these associations and, consequently, an enhanced ability to predict the impact of microscale processes on ecosystem‐wide phenomena.
The role of surgery for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in paediatric hemato‐oncology patients—Can we better define it?
Authors: Hassan Mohamed , Andresen Felicia , Le Uyen‐Thao , Passlick Bernward , Schmid Severin , Puzik Alexander
Published: July 2024

Background

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a serious condition with high morbidity and mortality in paediatric patients with cancer, haematological diseases or immunodeficiencies with or without allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The role of surgical intervention for the management of IPA has scarcely been investigated.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to present a single center experience of management of IPA in paediatric patients of an oncological ward, to determine the short and long‐term outcomes after thoracic surgical interventions, and to outline the indications of surgical interventions in selected patients.

Patients/Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of 44 paediatric patients with proven and probable IPA treated in our institution between January 2003 and December 2021. The primary endpoint was the overall survival after surgical interventions. Secondary endpoints included post‐operative morbidity and mortality.

Results

The median age at diagnosis of IPA in our cohort was 11.79 years (range 0.11–19.6). The underlying conditions were malignancies in 34 (77%) patients and haematological or immunological disorders with allogeneic HSCT in 9 (23%) patients. We performed thoracic surgical interventions in 10 (22.7%) patients. Most patients received a video assisted thoracic surgery. Only one patient died within 90 days after surgery with a median follow‐up time of 50 months. No other major post‐operative complications occurred. The calculated 5‐year survival rate from IPA for patients after surgical intervention with curative intention was 57% and 56% for patients without (p = .8216).

Conclusions

IPA resulted in relevant morbidity and mortality in our paediatric patient cohort. Thoracic surgical interventions are feasible and may be associated with prolonged survival as a part of multidisciplinary approach in selected paediatric patients with IPA. Larger scale studies are necessary to investigate the variables associated with the necessity of surgery.
Mechanisms of biodiversity loss under nitrogen enrichment: unveiling a shift from light competition to cation toxicity
Authors: Namuhan  , Wang Jing , Yang Guojiao , Song Yantao , Yu Yunguang , Wang Jidong , Wang Xiaoguang , Shi Yiping , Shen Yue , Han Xingguo , Wuyunna  , Zhang Haiyang
Published: July 2024

The primary mechanisms contributing to nitrogen (N) addition induced grassland biodiversity loss, namely light competition and soil cation toxicity, are often examined separately in various studies. However, their relative significance in governing biodiversity loss along N addition gradient remains unclear.

We conducted a 4‐yr field experiment with five N addition rates (0, 2, 10, 20, and 50 g N m−2 yr−1) and performed a meta‐analysis using global data from 239 observations in N‐fertilized grassland ecosystems.

Results from our field experiment and meta‐analysis indicate that both light competition and soil cation (e.g. Mn2+ and Al3+) toxicity contribute to plant diversity loss under N enrichment. The relative importance of these mechanisms varied with N enrichment intensity. Light competition played a more significant role in influencing species richness under low N addition (≤ 10 g m−2 yr−1), while cation toxicity became increasingly dominant in reducing biodiversity under high N addition (>10 g m−2 yr−1). Therefore, a transition from light competition to cation toxicity occurs with increasing N availability.

These findings imply that the biodiversity loss along the N gradient is regulated by distinct mechanisms, necessitating the adoption of differential management strategies to mitigate diversity loss under varying intensities of N enrichment.