bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the occupation of nest boxes by dormice (Gliridae) in the Carpathian forests
Authors: Fedyń Izabela , Pierzchała Ewa , Nowak Katarzyna , Wąs Joanna , Malak Adela , Śnigórska Katarzyna
Published: April 2021

Nest boxes for dormice (Gliridae) can significantly increase the habitat’s carrying capacity for these species in areas under high anthropopressure and facilitate the long-term monitoring of populations. As part of the active protection of dormice in the Carpathian Landscape Parks in Małopolska, in August and September 2019, 575 boxes of two different sizes were checked for the presence of adults, young or nests. Additionally, habitat conditions within a 25 m radius were recorded (e.g. forest stand, estimated understory cover, the approximate number of natural shelters, fruiting plant species). The vast majority of all nest boxes – 79% – were used by dormice, but also birds and insects frequently occupied these shelters. Out of four species of dormice that occur in Poland, two were recorded in the study area: hazel dormice Muscardinus avellanarius and fat dormice Gli sglis. They were found in all surveyed landscape parks and inhabited mainly fir stands. Hazel dormice preferred smaller nest boxes and were generally more common than fat dormice, which preferred large boxes. On the other hand, fat dormice were more common in areas rich in fruiting plant species. Our research thus confirmed the usefulness of artificial shelters for dormouse in active protection.
The influence of stand and habitat characteristics on the occurrence of pine sawflies Diprion pini L. and Gilpinia virens (Klug) (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) in selected areas of northern Poland
Authors: Gawęda Piotr , Grodzki Wojciech
Published: April 2021

Pine sawflies (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) belong to the most common pests of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. in the area of the Regional Directorates of State Forests in Toruń and Gdańsk. The two most destructive species, Diprion pini L. in the area of Puszcza Bydgoska and Gilpinia virens (Klug) in Bory Tucholskie, were investigated in this study. Our main aim was to characterise the two species in the Bydgoszcz Forest District in RDSF in Toruń and Kaliska in RDSF in Gdańsk, respectively, based on data gathered during outbreaks between 1991 and 2011.

For this purpose, a geometric database was created, containing information about the year of outbreak, number of larvae observed after tree felling as well as selected stand and site features including stand age and species composition, stocking index, canopy closure, site index, humidity and fertility.

By analysing the occurrence of both species in relation to stand and site features, we were able to determine their environmental requirements, which are quite different from one another. D. pini preferred older stands, with a stocking index between 0.8–0.9, growing on fresh and dry coniferous sites, while species composition (share of pine), canopy closure or site index did not have any influence on its abundance. G. virens preferred middle-aged pure pine stands, with relatively open canopies, on fresh coniferous sites and poorer soils. The stocking index did not affect its occurrence.
Forest management plan in Poland – problems and development directions
Authors: Jaszczak Roman , Bańkowski Janusz
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, improving forest management is done by way of amendments to the forest management instructions, silvicultural rules and forest protection instructions. From the point of view of forest management, the most important is the forest management plan, the basic document prepared for a specific object, containing a description and assessment of the state of the forest, as well as the objectives, tasks and ways of forest management. Before each subsequent revision of the forest management guidelines, new instructions are developed in consultation with the public, based on discussions on the proposed changes that are in each case to serve as the best plan for forest management. The forest management plan is vital as it ties together silviculture, conservation, production and non-production purposes as well as social forestry tasks, but only if the primary and operational nature of the objectives considered at the stage of creating the plan are recognized. Therefore, the role of forest management in shaping and protecting the environment cannot be overestimated. In this work, we outline the basic principles and rights related to both, forest management under various forms of ownership, as well as detailed guidelines for the content of the forest management plan.

We found that the specificity of mountain forests requires the use of different rules and methods. Taking into account the existing rich scientific achievements, it is tempting to attempt to develop forest management instructions specifically for mountain forests, whether in the form of a separate chapter or a separate publication.

The basic problem with forest management under other forms of ownership (urban, experimental, private forests) is the lack of a detailed legal basis accounting for their specific nature. Therefore, appropriate steps should be taken towards introducing appropriate new or supplementary provisions into the forest legislation, which would allow for the development of modern standards.

For the State Forests, forest management instructions should be prepared by a team of experts appointed by the Minister of the Environment who will approve the finished document for official use.

The forest management plan should include an economic annex focused on the forecast of the expected financial result, including costs associated with a deviation from the optimal due to social or protective reasons.
Research Flights on Blue Origin's New Shepard
Authors: Wagner Erika B.
Published: April 2021

Blue Origin's New Shepard launch vehicle made its first flight above the Kármán Line, returning safely to Earth in November 2015. At the time when this paper is being written (February 2021), the system has conducted 14 flights, including 10 with research and education payloads aboard. More than 100 payloads have exercised a wide range of capabilities and interfaces, from small cubesat-form factor student payloads to large custom payloads of nearly 100 kg. Investigations have spanned a wide range of high-altitude and microgravity research objectives, as well as raising technology readiness level (TRL) on diverse hardware. This paper summarizes New Shepard's payload missions to date, and presents standardized and custom accommodations, both in the shirtsleeve cabin and directly exposed to the space environment.
Autonomy or Sovereignty: the Case of the European Union
Authors: Kabat-Rudnicka Danuta
Published: April 2021

Sovereignty is a key concept in international law and international relations. First defined and discussed by Jean Bodin, sovereignty is considered to be an inherent attribute of any state. However, the changes that international society has undergone since the Treaty of Westphalia, including the emergence of different state and non-state actors vying for power and authority, have called into question the position of the state as the main actor in the modern world. This in turn has given rise to the following questions: how should the very concept of sovereignty be understood today? Given the growing importance of international organizations and regional integrational arrangements can the concept of sovereignty be extended to cover entities other than states; and in case of the European Union, what makes us think in terms of sovereignty rather than autonomy? This analysis is an attempt to apply the concept of sovereignty to contemporary international organizations. The main thesis is as follows: in the case of international organizations, especially a new type of organization, it is also legitimate to consider a narrative in terms of sovereignty, not just autonomy. The example studied here is the European Union as an international organization-cum-regional integrational arrangement.
Use of Force in Cyberspace
Authors: Valuch Jozef , Hamuľák Ondrej
Published: April 2021

The ban on the use of force in current international law is of mandatory character. The only exceptions are actions under the auspices of the UN Security Council and self-defence. The article addresses the issue of the use of force, with particular emphasis on cyberspace. As the nature of the conflicts has changed in recent years as well as the space where the individual operations have been moving, a number of fundamental questions arise in this context, which the authors will try to answer.
Prognostic Factors of Lymph Nodes in Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Stoian Marilena , Indrei Lucia , Stoica Victor
Published: April 2021

Background/Aims. The aim of this study was to establish whether, and to what extent, preand intraoperatively detected characteristics (demographic, anamnestic and laboratory data) and tumor characteristics can be used in the assessment of regional lymph node involvement in patients with colorectal carcinoma. The assessment also included the number of lymph nodes involved in patients with positive lymph nodes. Considering that the number of obtained lymph nodes is resected specimens, assessment parameters also included the percentage of the involved lymph nodes within the total population of lymph nodes.

Methodology. From 2010-2019, 46 patients with carcinoma of the rectum and sigmoid colon were studied, with a total number of 736 lymph nodes evaluated. Out of the total number of lymph nodes, 577 (78.4%) were benign and 159 (21.6%), malignant. Data were analyzed by multi-variant statistical methods: discriminant analysis and multiple regression.

Results. For this patient group, we evaluated the following potentially predictive factors for lymph node involvement: age; serum hemoglobin, albumin and alkaline phosphatase levels; weight loss; and the primary tumor localization characteristics: histological type, macroscopic growth pattern and depth of tumor invasion of the bowel wall. We found that there was no difference in the prediction of regional lymph node involvement between analysis of the aforementioned parameters and analysis of the isolated discriminators only.

Conclusion. A predictability likelihood of 83.78% greatly surpasses the acceptable error tolerance level of 5%. Correlation of demographic, anamnestic and laboratory data about the patient and the characteristics of the primary tumor cannot be used in distinguishing malignant lymph nodes from benign ones. These data cannot be the basis for exact intraoperative staging and thus cannot be significant criteria foe decision-making about operative treatment modalities.
Gender Imbalances and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from Large-Scale Mexican Migration
Authors: Conover Emily , Khamis Melanie , Pearlman Sarah
Published: April 2021

We study the consequences of international migration on labor market outcomes in a developing country. Specifically, we look at the case of Mexico, where large-scale international migration has led to significant declines in the male/female ratio. We explore whether this results in Mexican women entering high-skilled and better paying jobs over time. This question is relevant since there has been an increase in women's education and labor force participation across the developing world, but less evidence of improvements in the gender wage gap. Using an instrumental variables strategy that relies on historical migration patterns, we find that when there are relatively fewer men, women are more likely to work, have high-skilled jobs, and some earn higher wages. These results are robust to the inclusion of state, age group, and year fixed effects, and to different measures of migration and data sources. We explore investments in human capital as a key mechanism. We find that the gains in schooling are concentrated among women with the same average level of education of the men who migrate. From an aggregate perspective, these improvements in job type and wages are important given that higher female income may benefit the status, education, and health of both women and children, which in turn increases a country's development and growth. Our findings are among the few that show some movement toward improvements in the gender wage gap in a developing country setting.
Migrating out of mega-cities: Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Egger Eva-Maria
Published: April 2021

Traditional economic models predict rural to urban migration during the structural transformation of an economy. In middle-income countries, it is less clear which direction of migration to expect. In this article, the author shows that in Brazil as many people move out as into metropolitan cities and they mostly move to mid-sized towns. The author estimates the determinants of out-migrants’ destination choice accounting for differences in earnings, living costs, and amenities and tested whether the migrants gain economically by accepting lower wages but enjoying lower living costs. The findings suggest that in their destination choice, out-migrants aim to minimize costs of moving. On average, city-leavers realize higher real wages, including low-skilled migrants who would lose in nominal terms. The article thus provides new evidence on economic incentives to leave big cities in a middle-income country.
Monitoring Regenerative Heat Exchanger in Steam Power Plant by Making Use of the Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Niksa-Rynkiewicz Tacjana , Szewczuk-Krypa Natalia , Witkowska Anna , Cpałka Krzysztof , Zalasiński Marcin , Cader Andrzej
Published: April 2021

Artificial Intelligence algorithms are being increasingly used in industrial applications. Their important function is to support operation of diagnostic systems. This paper presents a new approach to the monitoring of a regenerative heat exchanger in a steam power plant, which is based on a specific use of the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). The proposed approach was tested using real data. This approach can be easily adapted to similar monitoring applications of other industrial dynamic objects.
Macroeconomic determinants of MIR interest rate margin in the euro area
Authors: Anastasiou Dimitrios
Published: April 2021

This study aims to examine the determinants of the MIR interest rate in the Euro area for the period 2003Q1-2015Q3. By employing Fixed and Random Effects as econometric methodologies, I examine whether the MIR rate is affected by the following macroeconomic factors: unemployment rate, inflation rate, GDP growth, political stability index, and wages as percentage of GDP. All these factors have been found to be significant drivers of the MIR rate and thus, they have to be taken into consideration when designing macro-prudential policies. The findings in this paper provide alternative explanations for the empirical evidence concerning interest rate spreads behaviour.
Crisis Prevention and the Coronavirus Pandemic as a Global and Total Risk of Our Time
Authors: Luburić Radoica
Published: April 2021

The Coronavirus pandemic, as a global and total risk of our time, has imposed the need for a more complete and comprehensive review of existing approaches to crisis prevention and preventive management in general. This crisis also pointed to some shortcomings in quality management, risk management and change management, which had not been removed in a timely and adequate manner in more stable conditions in order to function better in crisis situations. Accordingly, the structure of this paper was conceived, which, in addition to an introduction and concluding remarks, has five short, but thematically complete, units. In the first part, preventive management is seen as a paradigm of the successful management of problems, incidents and crises. In the second and third parts, the influence of the principles of quality management and the principles of risk management on the prevention of a crisis, as well as their cooperation, effectiveness and synergistic effects are discussed. The fourth part analyses the key processes of change and conflict management in terms of crisis prevention. In the fifth part, an effective, complete and comprehensive crisis prevention model based on quality management, risk management and change management is created, with the primary goal of achieving sustained success in all business conditions. Bearing in mind that the processes and consequences of the Coronavirus pandemic have still not been completed or become clear, the concluding remarks identify certain messages and lessons that could have been learned in its initial stages.
The Impact of Earnings variability and Regulatory Measures on Income Smoothing: Evidence from Panel Regression
Authors: Malik Amina , Aziz Haroon , Saiti Buerhan , Din Shahab Ud
Published: April 2021

This study investigates the impact of variability in earnings, stringent regulatory measures and the trend of extending loans while keeping in view deposit ratio on income smoothening practices for a sample of 20 commercial banks listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) from the year 2010 to 2017. The likelihood of smoothing activities is measured through its widely used proxy, i.e. loan loss provisions (LLPs). Moreover, earnings before tax and provisions (EBTP) and loan to deposit ratio (LD) have been incorporated to determine the impact of earnings and loans to deposit ratio on income smoothening. We find that commercial banks are less likely to manage earnings through smoothening practices, which shows that commercial banks adhere to regulatory restrictions. This is further supported by the fact that income smoothing activities decrease as a result of the increase in capital adequacy ratios after the imposition of stringent rules, which exert greater regulatory pressure on banks, whereas the pace of income smoothing increases as a result of an increase in loans to deposit ratio, which reveals that banks take credit risk but manage within the ambit of regulatory restrictions. Based on the findings, we argue that the imposition of regulatory restrictions through the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) has not only discouraged income smoothening through loan loss provisions but also enhances reporting quality. The results of this study provide useful insights for investors, creditors and stakeholders.
Performance and security analysis of novel ZCCRW codes in lower earth orbit based MDM-OWC incorporating hybrid modulations
Authors: Kaur Rupinder , Kaler Rajinder Singh
Published: April 2021

Explosive data rate requirements in the satellite communication for surveillance, military services, and broadcasting have put peer pressure on the optical wireless communication (OWC) systems. Secure data transmission against eavesdropper and performance enhancement at authentic user is major concern these days. In this work, performance and security analysis of spectral amplitude codes (SAC) in mode division multiplexed (MDM) OWC have been carried out and a novel zero cross correlation resultant weight (ZCCRW) code at 100 Gbps capacity has been presented. Random diagonal (RD), Enhanced double weight (EDW), Diagonal double weight (DDW) codes have been compared through simulations and also mathematical expressions are derived under the effects of eavesdropper. Hybrid modulations have been compared to check optimal modulation with combination of Laguerre-Gaussian (LG), and HermiteGaussian (HG) modes. Results have revealed that ZCCRW code with MD-DQPSK using LG modes provide best performance and least susceptibility to eavesdropper.
CLIL and intercultural competence in teaching Japanese language and literature
Authors: Maruki Yasutaka
Published: April 2021

In the U.S. colleges and universities, language courses and cultural studies courses are usually under separate departments and programs. This separation represents the heart of liberal arts education, where students can explore a variety of disciplines. However, a comparative nature of cross-cultural analyses may cause generalized and stereotypical views toward the target country. This present study will introduce the practice of CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) and examine the value of studying the literature in the original language, so that the students will improve linguistic skills, gain knowledge on Japanese literary characteristics, and build on their intercultural competence skills.
Establishing a zone of prioritized curricularivity: exploring a critical approach to negotiating multimodal discourses in EFL textbooks
Authors: Smith Christopher A.
Published: April 2021

University English as a foreign language (EFL) programs in expanding circle communities often pressure instructors and students to use globally published EFL textbooks for reasons more socio-political than pedagogical. While some critical studies underscore multimodal discourse to be an under-appreciated source of dominant social narratives in EFL textbooks, few have investigated their live negotiation in classrooms. To address the challenges negotiating potentially harmful social narratives in EFL textbooks, the present study proposes a two-step model for achieving a zone of prioritized curricularivity (ZPC). The model informs reflexive teaching practice in EFL instruction because it necessitates an understanding of a) the curricular commonplaces of a particular EFL program and b) the power and ideologies in the multimodal discourse of their textbooks, to mitigate perceived social injustices in the textbook lessons as they are negotiated “in situ.” Demonstrated in vignettes, featuring two EFL courses at Chung-Buk National University in Cheong Ju city, Korea, two instructors used the ZPC framework to inform their reconstruction of multimodal discourses in their EFL textbooks to inculcate student involvement and participation. A novel, multimodal interactional analysis of video recordings looked at proxemics, gaze, spoken language, head movement, auditory emphasis, and gesture and discovered that each instructor recontextualized, neutralized, or skipped much of the multimodal discourse in the lessons. The findings suggest that a ZPC is achieved when the efforts by instructors to recontextualize textbook lessons in situ is met with positive feedback from students in the classroom – noted as heightened attentiveness, happy or cheerful participation, and enthusiastic discussion. The implications suggest a ZPC can help instructors and students and in EFL programs in any expanding circle culture because it can simultaneously improve student learning/acquisition in the classroom, diminish dominant, culturally marginalizing textbook content, while raising the value of student investment in EFL learning.
Building a Sample Frame of SMEs Using Patent, Search Engine, and Website Data
Authors: Arora Sanjay K. , Kelley Sarah , Madhavan Sarvothaman
Published: April 2021

This research outlines the process of building a sample frame of US SMEs. The method starts with a list of patenting organizations and defines the boundaries of the population and subsequent frame using free to low-cost data sources, including search engines and websites. Generating high-quality data is of key importance throughout the process of building the frame and subsequent data collection; at the same time, there is too much data to curate by hand. Consequently, we turn to machine learning and other computational methods to apply a number of data matching, filtering, and cleaning routines. The results show that it is possible to generate a sample frame of innovative SMEs with reasonable accuracy for use in subsequent research: Our method provides data for 79% of the frame. We discuss implications for future work for researchers and NSIs alike and contend that the challenges associated with big data collections require not only new skillsets but also a new mode of collaboration.
Can Smart City Data be Used to Create New Official Statistics?
Authors: Kitchin Rob , Stehle Samuel
Published: April 2021

In this article we evaluate the viability of using big data produced by smart city systems for creating new official statistics. We assess sixteen sources of urban transportation and environmental big data that are published as open data or were made available to the project for Dublin, Ireland. These data were systematically explored through a process of data checking and wrangling, building tools to display and analyse the data, and evaluating them with respect to 16 measures of their suitability: access, sustainability and reliability, transparency and interpretability, privacy, fidelity, cleanliness, completeness, spatial granularity, temporal granularity, spatial coverage, coherence, metadata availability, changes over time, standardisation, methodological transparency, and relevance. We assessed how the data could be used to produce key performance indicators and potential new official statistics. Our analysis reveals that, at present, a limited set of smart city data is suitable for creating new official statistics, though others could potentially be made suitable with changes to data management. If these new official statistics are to be realised then National Statistical Institutions need to work closely with those organisations generating the data to try and implement a robust set of procedures and standards that will produce consistent, long-term data sets.
Evidence Based Relationship Between Healthcare Infrastructure and Nosocomial Infections in Romania
Authors: Druică Elena , Ianole-Călin Rodica , Burcea Marin
Published: April 2021

We investigate the regional dynamic of nosocomial infections in Romanian hospitals, and find potential predictors. Our data covers 13 years, and refer to the incidence of nosocomial infections for each of the 42 Romanian administrative units every year. A preliminary cluster analysis reveals that there is heterogeneity across counties both in terms of average, and variability of nosocomial infections incidence. The heterogeneity can be explained to an important degree by the local level of healthcare infrastructure, urbanization rate and economic development. Supporting programs and clear standards for quality assurance must accompany the investment in health infrastructure, and the development of new out – care units should be prioritized
Mortality Phenomenon Analysis on Adult Population Under the Influence of Economic Factors in European Context
Authors: Claudia-Andreea Toma , Burlacioiu Cristina
Published: April 2021

The mortality rate is a global indicator that reflects the standard of living and the population health condition, but also a variable that shows the social-economic development of a society. This paper proposes the investigation of some economic conditions and their influence on mortality by literature reviewing and also through a statistic analysis based on 28 European Union countries.

In order to study the tendencies of this phenomenon, it was analyzed the influence of some economic factors like the GDP per capita, income discrepancies, inflation rate, budget deficit and also the “snowball” effect for 16 years (from 2000 to 2016) using a panel regression model with fixed effects. The resulted regression model captures the major changes on a long term of mortality rate trend for the population aged 15 and 65 years.
The translation of onomatopoeias in comics: linguistic and pedagogical implications
Authors: Munoz-Luna Rosa
Published: April 2021

The present paper aims to compare and analyse three versions of Garfield comic strips, the original and two different translations into Spanish (from the United States, Spain and Argentina, respectively). More specifically this case study focuses on the treatment of onomatopoeias and interjections in the translations, with the purpose of examining the degree of influence of culture and context in the different linguistic equivalents. Finally, some pedagogical implications of the use of comic strips in the foreign language classroom are also discussed.
Enhanced magnetoelastic performance in Pr/Mn-doped Laves phase (Tb,Ho)Fe2 compounds
Authors: Wang M.K. , Liu J.J. , Lv X.J. , Ding Q.L. , Li F. , Pan Z.B. , Xia W.X. , Du J.
Published: April 2021

Magnetostrictive TbxHo0:8−xPr0:2Fe1:8Mn0:1 (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.20) alloys are prepared by arc-melting and subsequent annealing. The dopant of Pr/Mn introduced into RFe2 compounds effectively stabilizes the forming of single C15 Laves phase at ambient pressure. The easy magnetization direction (EMD) varies when Tb content increases, which is accompanied by a crystalstructural transition. EMD lies along ‹1 0 0› axis for x ⩽ 0.05, rotating to ‹1 1 1› axis for x ⩽ 0.12, with a tetragonal symmetry changing to a rhombohedral one. Magnetocrystalline-anisotropy compensation is obtained with the optimized composition of x = 0.12, shifting to the Tb-poor side in comparison to Pr/Mn-free counterpart. An enhanced effect on magnetoelastic properties is achieved in Tb0:12Ho0:68Pr0:2Fe1:8Mn0:1, which simultaneously possesses a low anisotropy and high magnetostriction performance, i.e. λs ~ 420 ppm, λ111 ~ 970 ppm, and a large low-field λa ~ 390 ppm/2 kOe, being 30 % higher than that of Pr/Mn-free compound. Combining low-cost light rare earth Pr with the lower Tb content, Tb0:12Ho0:68Pr0:2Fe1:8Mn0:1 may make it promising solution in magnetostrictive applications.
Dance in Physical Education: Experiences in Dance as Described by Physical Education Student Teachers
Authors: Rustad Hilde
Published: April 2021

In Norway dance in school is mainly placed within the subject of physical education. This paper is based on a study conducted together with students in physical education teacher education. The main focus is to explore experiences in dance improvisation and contact improvisation as described by physical education student teachers. The study is influenced by phenomenological thinking. The analysis makes evident that the students experienced the subject of dance improvisation and contact improvisation in many different ways. Yet, how the student teachers express their experiences can be divided into the different roles of student-dancers experiencing dancing and student-teachers trying to decide whether what they do in the dance classes can be used in teaching in schools.
Tracing the Achievements of Augusta Johannesén, 1880–1895
Authors: Fiskvik Anne Margrete
Published: April 2021

Dancer, choreographer and teacher Augusta Johannesén was an important figure in several capacities for Nordic theatrical dance. She danced, taught and choreographed in Sweden, Finland as well as in Russia. Between 1860-1878 she was a member of the so-called Johannensénske Balletselskab, which toured extensively in the Nordic countries. The Johannesénske family settled in the Norwegian capital Kristiania in 1880, and Augusta Johannesén slowly established herself as a professional dance artist at the most important theatres in Kristiania. Over the years she became a dancer, choreographer and teacher of great significance, and her contribution to the development of Norwegian theatre dance cannot be overestimated. She was active as dancer well into the 1910’s and “arranger of dance” up until she died in 1926. As a ballet teacher, she trained hundreds of dancers, including several of those who later went on to play a role in the Norwegian dance- and theatre scene.

In many ways, Augusta Johannesén is representative of a versatile dancer that can be found on many European stages, the versatile ballet dancer that was also typical of the Nordic dance scene around the “fin de siècle”. She typically also struggled with stereotypical notion of the “ballerina”. This article focuses on only a part of her career, her first fifteen years in Norway. Between 1880 and 1895 she established herself in Kristiania, dancing at the Christiania Theater and later at the Eldorado. The article also forefront an especially important event in Norwegian Nordic dance history instigated by Johannesén: The establishment of a “Ny Norsk Ballet” (“New Norwegian Ballet”) at the Eldorado theatre in Kristiania in 1892. This is probably the very first attempt at creating a professional ballet company in Norway, and Augusta Johannesén’s contribution is only one of many ways she made a difference to professional theatre dance in Norway.
The Construction of Meanings in Breaking: Insights from Breakers in Oslo
Authors: Langnes Tonje Fjogstad , Fasting Kari
Published: April 2021

The focus of this paper concerns the meaning of breaking in the lives of young people living in Oslo, Norway. Meaning arises in the process of interaction with other people (social interaction) and self-reflection. The data are produced by the use of fieldwork (eight months) among young breakers at two sites in Oslo referred to as the Location, and included 17 separate semi-structured interviews. The interviewees were six females and 11 males, all of them breakers, aged between 15 and 30 years old. Seven of the interviewees belonged to different minority groups, while ten were ethnic Norwegians. The results show that through the interaction at the Location youth with diverse ethnic backgrounds experienced a strong sense of identification and belonging, not only to local breaking crews (groups) but also affiliation with breakers all over the world. The meaning of breaking was constructed around the feeling of freedom to “just be yourselves”. The breakers connected with themselves and their bodies, and experienced a sense of importance and respect. Consequently, the breakers also felt empowered in situations disconnected from the dance context.
Systems of Co-Creation Artistic reflection
Authors: Råman Tanja
Published: April 2021

This article is an artistic reflection of a research project called Please Switch On Your Mobile Phones (PSOYMP) that took place in three venues in Wales in 2014. The aim of PSOYMP was to develop new tools for audience interaction with on-stage dance, with the intention of developing new audiences. The project utilised an action research model to create a flexible choreographic and digital hybrid system that enabled the audience to collaborate in real time with the creative team–a choreographer, five dancers, a digital artist and a technologist–using mobile phones and tablets.

The project resulted in the creation of an hour-long performance event. This was developed through three stages that included a week-long residency in each stage and a public performance event with a feedback session at the end of each residency. The final event was streamed live via YouTube and a web-based application, which allowed the online audience to participate in the event and to collaborate with the creative team in a similar way to the in-house audience. This article focusses on the creative process and discusses the nature and the development of the collaboration between the creative team and the audience.
«Oj, skal vi gjøre dette i dag?» Lærerstudenter og lærerutdanneres meningsdanning i en estetisk workshop med fokus på skapende dans
Authors: Husebye Birgitte Nordahl , Karlsen Kristine Høeg
Published: April 2021

This study aim to investigate the perceptions and experiences of student teachers and teacher-educators when participating in an interdisciplinary workshop in which they were to create and explore their own expressive movements and others’ bodily expression. The study employed a qualitative approach, and in order to acquire access to the informants’ lifeworld and their immediate and mediated experiences, open focus group interviews were conducted after the workshop. We base our analysis on inductive coding (Corbin & Strauss, 2015), which then were interpreted in the light of Dewey’s (1934) understanding of the aesthetic experience and Merleau-Ponty’s (1994) phenomenological notion of the body. Our analysis demonstrates that the informants are unfamiliar with using bodily expression, nor do they believe that they have the knowledge or skills needed to create movement and dance, which may explain why they struggle to engage with the creative process. By observing the dances others had created, the informants discovered that there was no right or wrong way of expressing movement. They became a little more open and the experience acquired what Dewey (1934) describes as an aesthetic quality. The music students and teacher-educators are inquisitive and open to using these kinds of creative processes in school. The physical education students have a more reserved attitude to the inclusion of dance, confirming findings in other studies. Based on these results there seems to be a need to create more room for processes that aim for aesthetic abilities in teaching-education.
«Når noko rart blir naturleg» Ungdomsskuleelevar si oppleving med deltaking i eit kunstnarisk danseprosjekt.
Authors: Fretland Reidun Nerhus
Published: April 2021

In this article, the focus is on creative dance in school, democratic teaching and co-determination. Teaching dance in Norway has a low standing and corresponds to a small fraction of the curriculum’s intentions and goals. However, research indicates that students have a desire for greater involvement. The study, therefore, investigates what happens when secondary school students participate in an artistic dance project led by professional dance instructors. The students were expected to be active participants in the creation and performance of dance art. There was a particular focus on whether the students experienced co-determination, whether the pedagogical approach could be characterised as democratic teaching as well as what this meant for the students’ learning in the process. The methodological approach was qualitative, comprising personal interviews with 17 students who participated in the project. The analysis shows that most students had little experience with creative dance prior to the start of the project. They experienced the project as «strange and unusual» at first and «natural, fun and educational» thereafter. All students experienced co-determination. The dance project can be an example of democratic teaching, whereby students express an enhanced sense of opinion and attitude towards dance as an art form. It also indicates a possible way in which to realize the curriculum’s goals and intentions regarding dance as creative and aesthetic expression.
Tanssin mahdollisuudet aivoverenkiertohäiröiden kuntoutuksessa: Kirjallisuuskatsaus
Authors: Björklund Camilla , Pohjola Hanna
Published: April 2021

Stroke affects one in six people in Finland and is the third most common cause of death. Strokes can cause changes in physical, mental and social functioning. All functional disorders can be affected by rehabilitation: physical treatment is a key part of active rehabilitation after a stroke.

In this article, the known effects of dance on stroke are gathered together on the basis of a literature review and discussed in the context of dance pedagogy. The data was systematically retrieved from the PubMed, CINAHL and Arsca databases. Eleven research articles meeting the search criteria were selected. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. The results of the research literature analysis indicated that dance is suitable for stroke rehabilitation: it promotes psychological, cognitive and physical functioning. The results spoke in favour of dance intervention supporting and developing a relationship to one’s own altered body and self-esteem, as well as enabling social relationships. In addition, dance improves one’s mental state. Therefore, these factors suggest that dance could meet the need for a new form of neurological rehabilitation therapy.
How does Perceived Organizational Support Affect Psychological Capital? The Mediating Role of Authentic Leadership
Authors: Bilgetürk Mahmut , Baykal Elif
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose: Authentic leadership, the most noteworthy positive leadership style accepted by positive organizational behavior scholars, is famous for its contributions to psychological capitals. And, in fact, this leadership style can flourish and be experienced more easily in situations where there are supportive organizational conditions. Hence, in this study, we assume that organizational support is an important antecedent for experiencing and displaying authentic leadership. Furthermore, in organizations wherein authentic leadership is practiced, people may assume organizational support comes about thanks to their leaders’s management style, particularly where authentic leadership may shadow the effect of perceived organizational support on the psychological capitals of individuals. So, in our model we proposed that perceived organizational support will have a positive effect on both authentic leadership style and the psychological capitals of individuals. Moreover, authentic leadership will act as a mediator in this relationship.

Design/Methodology/Approach: For the related field research we collected data from professionals working in the service sector in Istanbul. Related data have been analysed with structural equation modelling in order to test our hypotheses.

Results: Results of this study confirmed our assumptions regarding the positive effects of perceived organizational support on authentic leadership and on four basic dimensions of psychological capital: self-efficacy, optimism, resilience, and hope. Moreover, our results confirmed the statistically significant effect of authentic leadership on psychological capital and partial mediator effect of authentic leadership in the relationship between perceived organizational support and psychological capital.

Conclusion: Our results indicate the importance of empowering employees and engaging in authentic leadership behaviour in increasing psychological capitals of employees and psychologically creating a more powerful work-force.
Privacy-Preserving Multiple Tensor Factorization for Synthesizing Large-Scale Location Traces with Cluster-Specific Features
Authors: Murakami Takao , Hamada Koki , Kawamoto Yusuke , Hatano Takuma
Published: April 2021

With the widespread use of LBSs (Location-based Services), synthesizing location traces plays an increasingly important role in analyzing spatial big data while protecting user privacy. In particular, a synthetic trace that preserves a feature specific to a cluster of users (e.g., those who commute by train, those who go shopping) is important for various geo-data analysis tasks and for providing a synthetic location dataset. Although location synthesizers have been widely studied, existing synthesizers do not provide su˚cient utility, privacy, or scalability, hence are not practical for large-scale location traces. To overcome this issue, we propose a novel location synthesizer calledPPMTF (Privacy-Preserving Multiple Tensor Factorization). We model various statistical features of the original traces by a transition-count tensor and a visit-count tensor. We factorize these two tensors simultaneously via multiple tensor factorization, and train factor matrices via posterior sampling. Then we synthesize traces from reconstructed tensors, and perform a plausible deniability test for a synthetic trace. We comprehensively evaluate PPMTF using two datasets. Our experimental results show that PPMTF preserves various statistical features including cluster-specific features, protects user privacy, and synthesizes large-scale location traces in practical time. PPMTF also significantly outperforms the state-of-theart methods in terms of utility and scalability at the same level of privacy.
Clostridioides difficile infection: a comprehensive review for primary providers
Authors: Cortés Pedro , Bi Yan , Stancampiano Fernando , Valery Jose R. , Cooper Jane H. , Harris Dana M.
Published: April 2021

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an issue of great concern due to its rising incidence, recurrence, morbidity and impact on healthcare spending. Treatment guidelines have changed in the last few years, and new therapies are being considered. This is a practical review for the primary care practitioner of the latest guidelines for CDI diagnosis, treatment, and emerging therapies.
A plea for a unified approach to sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy in Romania: results from a prospective multicentric trial
Authors: Voiosu Theodor , Moga Tudor , Nedelcu Cristian , Tocia Cristina , State Monica , Puscasu Claudia , Bengus Andreea , Voiosu Andrei , Negreanu Lucian , Dumitru Eugen , Constantinescu Gabriel , Mateescu Bogdan , Sporea Ioan
Published: April 2021

Background. Adequate sedation is a prerequisite for quality endoscopic examination of the digestive tract. We aimed to evaluate the current practices and safety profile of sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy in Romania and its impact on the technical success of the procedure and procedure-related adverse events.

Methods. We conducted a prospective, multicentric, observational study including all patients undergoing digestive endoscopic procedures under various degrees of sedation. We collected data regarding the endoscopic procedure, type and degree of sedation, drug regimens, personnel in charge of sedation, and relevant patient related information. The main study outcome was the rate of sedation-related adverse events; secondary study outcomes included procedure-related adverse events and the impact of sedation on procedure success.

Results. 1,043 consecutive endoscopic procedures from eight Romanian endoscopy units were included in our study. Sedation regimens were highly variable between participating centers, with 566 (54%) of procedures being performed under sedation provided by an anaesthesiologist. Sedation-related adverse events occurred in 40 cases (3.8%), most of them were mild respiratory and cardiovascular events and all reversed spontaneously.

On multivariate analysis, male gender, procedure type (endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) and deep sedation were risk factors for complications. The endoscopy unit, ASA status, age and type of sedative did not influence the complication rate.

Conclusion. In conclusion, sedation for endoscopic procedures is generally safe, despite a high variability in sedation practices between centers in Romania. Establishing a national guideline on sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy will ensure consistent and safe practice for these procedures.
Pavement Maintenance Management Application for Road Network in Romania
Authors: Gabriel Toma Mihai , Dicu Mihai
Published: April 2021

Maintaining the conditions for optimum exploitation of road networks is one of the primary activities of their administrators.

The basic elements for establishing the decision-making act, are obtained by the correct evaluation, from the technical and financial point of view, of what is necessary for the normal unfolding, without interruptions, and in complete safety, of the car traffic.

In the evaluation process, the managers must have at their disposal sufficient information, regarding the technical status of the road network from the administration, when and where it is appropriate to intervene and what maintenance and repairs operations should be performed.

Only in this way, road managers will be able to adopt the appropriate strategy so that the investment reaches the highest rate of return and of course falls within the limits of the allocated funds.

This paper presents A.D.T.S. (Automatic Determination of the Technical Status) application, designed using the Microsoft Access program. The application allows the determination of the technical status of the roads, storage, retrieval, updating and verification of information regarding the technical status of the roads. The information is kept in a road reference table, as a storage model in data banks, which can be used by public road administrators in their work, regarding the scheduling of works and justifying the need to finance road intervention works.