bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cutinase pretreatment greatly enhances osmium tetroxide – potassium ferricyanide staining of stamen hair cells
Authors: Lancelle Susan A. , Hepler Peter K.
Published: November 2007

Osmium tetroxide – potassium ferricyanide (OsFeCN), when used as a postfixative–stain for ultrastructural studies, normally enhances the staining of endomembranes. However, in initial studies of stamen hair cells, OsFeCN failed to increase membrane contrast over that obtained with conventional uranyl acetate en bloc staining. Treatment of the cells with cutinase, a fungal enzyme, permeabilizes the surrounding cuticle and permits entry of the OsFeCN reagent. Under these conditions endomembranes become distinctly contrasted. The procedure provides a simple means for facilitating the staining produced by OsFeCN and may be useful on a variety of tissues in which solution passage is impeded by a cuticle.
Strengthening increment corer extractors
Authors: Johnson E. A. , Pruden M. A.
Published: November 2007

Increment borer extractors often buckle when being pushed into the corer to retrieve a core. A graph gives the buckling pressure for extractors with varying amounts of length exposed from the corer. From this graph, two methods are given for reducing the possibility of extractors buckling: grip the extractor so that no more than 7 cm are exposed and strengthen the end 3 cm of the extractor.
Insects as traits in plant systematics: their use in discriminating between hybrid cottonwoods
Authors: Floate Kevin D. , Whitham Thomas G.
Published: November 2007

Phytophagous insects are natural bioassays that may be used to segregate closely related plant taxa. To examine the value of this method, we conducted a comprehensive survey of insects and arachnids in a natural zone of overlap and hybridization between Fremont (Populus fremontii) and narrowleaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia). Three categories of trees were distinguished by leaf morphology and identified by previous genetic analyses as Fremont, F1 and BC1 hybrids, and complex backcrosses (BC2–BC4). These trees were subsequently reclassified by a discriminant function analysis of their associated herbivores. The level of concordance between the two methods was 98% (n = 43 trees). Because insect distributions may reflect differences in plant morphology, chemistry, phenology, and other characters, insect bioassays may be a more rigorous method of distinguishing closely related plant taxa than reliance solely on morphological or chemical analyses. In contrast with chemical and genetic analyses, insect surveys can be quickly done in the field at minimal cost. Insect bioassays will not replace current methods of distinguishing closely related plant taxa, but they may be useful for supplementing current methods. Key words: Populus, discriminant function analysis, insect–plant interaction, host selection, plant taxonomy.
ELECTRON EMISSION FROM CARBON NANOTUBES
Authors: YAGHOOBI PARHAM , NOJEH ALIREZA
Published: November 2007

Carbon nanotubes, nanometer-diameter tubes made of carbon atoms, have garnered significant attention from researchers over the past 15 years due to their outstanding properties such as excellent electronic transport characteristics and mechanical strength. Because of their ability to carry extremely high current densities, their high aspect ratio, and small tip radius that enhances an external electric field greatly, one particularly promising area of interest has been the usage of nanotubes as electron sources. In this article we will try to provide an overview of the subject from various experimental and theoretical angles.
Effects of Channel and Crystalline Orientations on the Electron Mobility in MOSFETs Fabricated on (114) and (5 5 12)-Silicon Substrates
Authors: De la Hidalga-W F. Javier , Rosales-Q Pedro , Torres-J Alfonso , Calleja-A Wilfrido , Gutierrez-D Edmundo , Kendall Don L.
Published: November 2007

This work reports the measurement of the electron mobility in the inversion layer of MOSFETs fabricated on Si(114) and Si(5 5 12), for medium and high effective transverse electric fields, Eeff. We studied the channel mobility in these surfaces as a function of the channel direction [1-4]. Results reveal the strong influence on electron mobility of the channel direction on high-index surfaces. It was noted that mobility on high index-surfaces is degraded when the channel direction goes far away from , but it is less affected when the channel runs parallel to this direction. Even though Si(0 0 1) has been the surface with the highest electron mobility reported, we found that mobility on Si(1 1 4) is higher than that on Si(0 0 1) when Eeff {greater than or equal to} 0.4 MV/cm.
Improvement of Battery Performance by Surface Modification of Crystalline Solid Electrolyte for All Solid-State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Kishida Kyosuke , Wada Naoyuki , Yamaguchi Yuji , Tanaka Katsushi , Inui Haruyuki , Iriyama Yasutoshi , Ogumi Zempachi
Published: November 2007

Four different types of lithium lanthanum titanate (LLT)/LiCoO2 assemblies were produced by depositing the LiCoO2 cathode on polycrystalline LLT with various surface finishes, in order to investigate effects of the LLT/LiCoO2 interface structure on the electrochemical properties of the assemblies. The potential separations between the anodic and cathodic peaks in the cyclic voltammograms vary significantly with the surface finishes of the LLT. At the interface regions in the assemblies with good electrochemical performances, the formation of the amorphous LLT is confirmed. These preliminary results imply that the apparent interface resistivity can be lowered partly by the intentional formation of the amorphous LLT layer at the interface through the surface modification treatment of the LLT phase.
High Temperature Sodium - Zinc Chloride Batteries With Sodium Beta - Alumina Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Parthasarathy Preethy , Weber Neill , Virkar Anil V.
Published: November 2007

High Temperature energy storage systems are widely explored due to the increasing need of storage systems in the electric utility industry. With the use of such systems, load leveling can be achieved. The energy storage system of interest here is based on Sodium - β alumina solid electrolyte (BASE) with liquid sodium as anode and molten ZnCl2 as cathode. BASE is an excellent sodium ion conductor with a very high conductivity at 300oC. The discharge reaction: 2Na + ZnCl2 à 2NaCl + Zn OCV (350oC) = 2.4V Unlike sodium sulfur batteries, the volumetric power density of Na - ZnCl2 battery is higher due to the planar cell construction. If a cell fails, it develops a low resistance so that the other cells continue to deliver power in a normal manner. This paper will compare the Na - ZnCl2 batteries: planar design, construction and testing, with other high temperature storage batteries.
Electroanalysis of the Borohydride Ion
Authors: McLafferty Jason , Tokash Justin C. , Zhang Yancheng , Coulson Wendy , Macdonald Digby D.
Published: November 2007

Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was studied as a quantitative analytical technique for determining the concentration of borohydride ion in alkaline, aqueous solution. The advantages of using CV include relatively low cost, ease of implementation, and in situ, real-time monitoring of borohydride concentration. In addition, a ten-cycle CV of borohydride ion at a gold working electrode is presented. A decrease in peak current is seen on repetitive cycling. Nonetheless, a linear relationship between peak current and concentration is seen for all ten cycles.
Oxyphenbutazone (Antiinflammatory Agent) in the Management of Cold Injury
Authors: Gulati Surinder M. , Kapur Brij M.L. , Talwar Janak R.
Published: November 2007

Various therapeutic measures and drugs have been used in minimizing the deleterious effects of cold injury. Considering the cold injury as an aseptic inflammatory process,1 we decided to evaluate the possible role of the anti inflammatory agent, oxyphenbutazone (Tanderil), in the treatment of cold injury in rabbits.
Buerger's Syndrome
Authors: Herman Bernard E.
Published: November 2007

All cases diagnosed as Buerger's disease at The Mount Sinai Hospital from 1933-1963 have been reviewed. A large majority were found to have well- known vascular problems other than what we now consider as Buerger's disease. Only two specimens from 33 amputations had the characteristic histologic findings that Buerger described. It is suggested that the terminology Buerger's disease be replaced by Buerger's syndrome.

In 1908, while at The Mount Sinai Hospital, Dr. Leo Buerger described a clinical entity with its histologic counterpart that soon became known as "Buerger's disease."1 The clinical picture was essentially that of arterial insufficiency, mainly in the lower extremities, in a young, Jewish, adult male who smoked. It was frequently associated with a migrating thrombophlebitis. The histologic picture was not as clearly defined but was stated to differ from arteriosclerosis in that (1) normal vessel was found proximal and distal to the lesion, (2) canalization of the occlusive lesion occurred, (3) capillary ingrowth was present in the media, and (4) there was an absence of elastic tissue in the organizing process. It should be noted that most of Buerger's specimens consisted of veins removed during an episode of acute thrombophlebitis. He specifically stated that only in the early stages of the disease, when phlebitis was the main finding, could the lesion be separated from the various stages of arteriosclerosis. In recent years, doubt has been cast on the existence of the clinical or pathological picture described by Buerger.2 Accordingly, it was thought advisable to review the case records and pathologic specimens of patients discharged from The Mount Sinai Hospital with the diagnosis of Buerger's disease over a recent 30-year period. This study is thought to be especially germane, since the bulk of Dr. Buerger's patients were treated at The Mount Sinai Hospital.
Cardioauditory Syndrome of Jervell and Lange-Nielsen
Authors: Mosavy S.H. , Shafegh F.
Published: November 2007

A case is described of true Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome in an 8-year-old girl. The syndrome consists of congenital deafness, prolonged Q-T interval, and ventricular arrhythmia.
Dacron Arterio-Venous Interposition Graft: an Access To Circulation in Patients On Chronic Hemodialysis
Authors: Jacob Erwin T. , Shapira Zaki , Boner Geoffrey
Published: November 2007

In a small percentage of cases, conventional a-v fistulae of the Brescia- Cimino type fail to provide long-term access facilities for chronic hemo dialysis. When homologous venous interposition grafts are not available, the surgeon is forced to seek foreign interposition material. In three instances woven dacron arterio-venous interposition grafts were success fully constructed in the thigh, and uneventful hemodialysis was accom plished in all 3 patients.
Decreased Venous Distensibility in Essential Hypertension: Lack of Systemic Hemodynamic Correlates
Authors: Simon Geza , Franciosa Joseph A. , Cohn Jay N.
Published: November 2007

Venous distensibility in essential hypertension has been reported to be unchanged or decreased; its pathophysiologic role is uncertain. In 27 male hypertensive patients and 21 normotensive control subjects, forearm venous distensibility and capillary filtration rate at 30 cm of H20 distending pressure were measured by strain gauge plethysmography. Plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma volume (PV) by the Evans blue dye dilution technique, mean arterial pressure (MAP) by cuff, and cardiac output (CO) by the CO2 rebreathing method were also measured. Compared to values in normotensive control subjects, forearm venous distensibility in hypertensive subjects was decreased (P < 0.05); the forearm venous pressure-volume curves (deflation phase) were shifted in the direction of the pressure axis (P < 0.02); and the capillary filtration rate was increased (P < 0.05). Venous distensibility changes in hypertensive subjects were unrelated to PRA, MAP, PV, CO, stroke volume, and total peripheral resistance. These findings confirm previous reports of decreased venous distensibility in hypertension and provide direct evidence for increased capillary filtration rate. In view of the lack of significant correlation between venous distensibility and the measured hemodynamic parameters, a pathophysiologic role for venous distensibility in hypertension could not be established.
Intracardiac Sound as a Diagnostic Adjunct in Subaortic Stenosis
Authors: Stein Paul D. , Sabbah Hani N. , Anbe Daniel T. , Khaja Fareed , Folger Gordon M.
Published: November 2007

The purpose of this investigation is to demonstrate the potential diagnostic value of intracardiac sound recordings in patients with subaortic stenosis. Intra cardiac pressure and sound were measured in 10 patients with various types of subaortic obstructions using a catheter-tip micromanometer. Seven patients had idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS), 2 had a subvalvular membrane, and 1 had a subvalvular tunnel.

Within the left ventricular cavity, at the site of maximal systolic left ven tricular pressure, either there was no systolic murmur, or the murmur was of low intensity. However, within the outflow tract of the left ventricle, distal to the site of intraventricular obstruction, a prominent systolic murmur was de tected in all patients. This murmur was of higher intensity than the one mea sured distal to the aortic valve.

In one patient, in whom no subvalvular obstruction was present, but in whom entrapment of the tip of the catheter occurred, no murmur was detected in the left ventricle even though a subvalvular pressure gradient was observed. Therefore it appears that a systolic murmur recorded with maximal intensity in the outflow tract of the left ventricle may be of substantial help in distinguish ing between an artifactual intraventricular pressure gradient, and one that re sults from intraventricular obstruction.
Systolic Time Intervals: A Valuable Parameter of Thyroid Function
Authors: Paulus Walter J. , Ranquin Ronald , Parizel Gaston
Published: November 2007

Conventional systolic time interval measurements were made in 49 patients presenting with hypertyroidism, euthyroidism, or hypothyroidism. A linear correlation was observed over the entire range of thyroid function ( r = 0.75) between Δ PEP and the serum free T4 index. A linear correlation was also found between the PEP/LVET ratio and the serum free T4 index ( r = 0.70). A higher correlation was found between the PEP/LVET ratio and the serum free T4 index when plotted logarithmically ( r = 0.75).

During treatment of hyperthyroidism, the PEP progressively lengthens and the PEP/LVET ratio increases, whereas during treatment of hypothyroidism the PEP shortens progressively to normal values while the PEP/LVET ratio diminishes.

In amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism, both a prolonged PEP and an increased PEP/LVET ratio were found. These controversial measurements, suggesting a diminished cardiac contractility, may be explained by a worsened cardiac ischemia due to the development of hyperthyroidism.

Systolic time interval measurements appear to be a valuable tool in the assessment of the cardiac response to thyroid hormone during both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
The Effects of Flunarizine, a New Calcium Antagonist, on Human Red Blood Cells in vitro
Authors: Scott Cynthia K. , Persico Francis J. , Carpenter Karen , Chasin Mark
Published: November 2007

It has been postulated that flunarizine's ability to increase tissue perfusion may be due to either antivasoconstrictor activity, or its effects on red blood cell deformability, or both. In studies reported here, the ability of flunarizine to in fluence human red blood cell membranes has been demonstrated in a number of systems:

(1) Calcium accumulation in the red blood cell is related to a loss of defor mability ; flunarizine inhibited 45Ca accumulation in red blood cells with an IC50 of 46 ± 7 μM. (2) Flunarizine caused a significant increase in deformabi lity, as measured by its ability to decrease ischemia-induced hyperviscosity. (3) Flunarizine had the ability to prevent the discoid-echinocyte transformation in duced by metabolic depletion in ischemic blood as a result of storage. These al terations in red blood cells can all be explained by the localization of one site of action of flunarizine in the membrane of red blood cells, resulting in an inhibi tion of calcium accumulation and maintenance of normal red blood cell defor mability.
A Preclinical Study ofEO-122, a New Lidocaine- Like Antiarrhythmic Drug
Authors: Oppenheimer Edna , Kaplinsky Eliezer , Kariv Naam , Bruckstein Rachel , Cohen Sasson
Published: November 2007

The 2,6-dimethylanilide of quinuclidine-3-carboxylic acid hydrochloride (EO-122), a new structural analog of lidocaine, has been shown to possess po tent antiarrhythmic activity in experimentally induced arrhythmias in animals. Restoration of normal sinus rhythm and suppression of ouabain-induced ar rhythmia in cats and dogs, and of coronary occlusion-induced arrhythmia in dogs, followed a single IV injection of 1-3 mg/kg, with an onset of 2 minutes and a duration of 20-240 minutes. Occlusion-induced arrhythmia was likewise suppressed after an oral dose of 10-20 mg/kg, with an onset of 11-65 minutes and a duration of 25-120 minutes. Under similar conditions, lidocaine was ei ther totally ineffective or of ultra-short duration.

The bioavailability of EO-122 by the oral route exceeded 80% of the oral dose. Therapeutic blood concentrations were in the range 0.5-7 μg/ml. At about 5μg/ml there was a slight depression of cardiac function in the anesthe tized cat, but not in the conscious dog. In cats, complete A-V block occurred at concentrations of 60-70 μg/ml. The IV LDso in mice was 22 mg/kg, and in rabbits 8.5 mg/kg. No overt signs of neurotoxicity could be observed at any dose of EO-122. The pharmacokinetic profile of the drug fits a two-com partment open model, with t½ ≃ 150 min and Vd (ss) ≃ 1.5 1/kg.
An Update on the Diagnosis of Diabetes
Authors: Oppenheimer Henry E.
Published: November 2007

This update on the diagnosis of carbohydrate metabolism abnormalities fo cuses on a more rational evaluation of glucose metabolism with a clear line of demarcation between overt diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance levels. This approach has eliminated the confusion over a definition of mild asymptomatic diabetes in contradistinction to overt disease. In addition, there is a limited promise of diagnosis in certain instances by means of hemoglobin A1C determi nations.
Buerger's Disease: Is It a Rickettsiosis?
Authors: Bartolo M. , Rulli F. , Raffi S.
Published: November 2007

A serologic study using the direct seroagglutinate method described by Babudieri and Zardi was carried out in 31 patients affected by Buerger's disease, to determine the positive antibody reaction level against rickettsial disease. In 41.9% of the cases there was a positive test for R. burnetii, in 6.4% a positive test for R. mooserii, and in one a positive test for R. conorii. The results lead us to believe that these pathogenic agents are largely responsible for the development of thromboangiitis obliterans.
Controversies and Enigmas in Thrombophlebitis and Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Roberts H.J.
Published: November 2007

Increased criticism concerning the alleged misdiagnosis and overdiagnosis of deep vein thrombophlebitis (DVT) in the lower extremities, and of pulmo nary embolism, is being leveled at clinicians when unequivocal documentation by venography, lung scanning, and pulmonary angiography is lacking. The ex cessive adoption of this attitude by audit and utilization committees could prove dangerous for patients with these conditions, particularly when rigid cri teria intimidate the physician and override his clinical judgment and experi ence. The matter assumes added importance in view of the increasing magni tude of DVT and pulmonary embolism.

The following pertinent issues will be discussed:

1. Failure to consider DVT and pulmonary embolism in the appropriate clinical settings, especially when they are still minor and atypical.

2. Deficiencies in the physical examination.

3. Failure to recognize the inherent limitations of existing diagnostic meth ods.

4. The perpetuation of diagnostic bias and dogma by teachers and the liter ature.

5. Confusion introduced by coexisting disorders.

The combination of these insights, greater confidence in clinical skills, and newer noninvasive diagnostic methods promise to help resolve this heated con troversy.
Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Studies with Flunarizine in Venous Insufficiency
Authors: Roeckaerts F. , Vanden Bussche G.
Published: November 2007

In 4 placebo-controlled double-blind studies of patients suffering from venous insufficiency—defined as the presence of varicose veins combined with a range of subjective symptoms and presence of venous ulcers—flunar— izine was statistically significantly superior to placebo in improving symptom atology, reducing the circumference of swollen lower legs and ankles, and increasing the speed of healing of venous ulcers. No side-effects were noted.
Echocardiographic Abnormalities in Acute Rupture of the Aortic Valve Due To Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Chia B.L. , Ee Bernard
Published: November 2007

The M-mode echocardiographic findings seen in 5 patients with acute rupture of the aortic valve leaflets due to infective endocarditis are described. These findings embrace a wide spectrum of abnormalities seen in the aortic root in diastole and they are (1) fine, high frequency oscillating echoes, (2) thick oscillating bands of echoes, and (3) dense shaggy echoes loosely attached to the aortic valve leaflets. Three patients showed persistence of these aortic root echoes right up to the level of the left ventricular outflow tract. All 5 patients demonstrated early closure of the mitral valve and exaggerated motion of the interventricular septum and the posterior wall of the left ventricle.

Two patients died from the illness and the remaining 3 had successful aortic valve replacement after appropriate antibiotic therapy. The aortic valve and the aortic root were carefully examined in all 5 patients either at necropsy or at operation. Two patients had leaflet perforation alone, whereas the remaining 3 had both leaflet perforations as well as vegetations.

An attempt was made to correlate morphologic findings with the echocar diographic abnormalities. It is concluded that it is frequently difficult from abnormal echoes in the aortic root alone to differentiate between ruptured leaflets and vegetations. However, the presence of the combination of early closure of the mitral valve, exaggerated motion of the interventricular septum and the posterior wall of the left ventricle, together with abnormal aortic root echoes as described above should strongly suggest acute rupture of the aortic valve leaflets due to infective endocarditis, or in rare cases myxomatous degeneration of the aortic valve.
Difficulty in Assessing the Severity of Aorto-Iliac Disease by Clinical and Arteriographic Methods
Authors: Johnston K. Wayne , Demorais Domingos , Colapinto Ronald F.
Published: November 2007

Accurate hemodynamic assessment of the severity of aorto-iliac disease has important implications in the management of patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial occlusive disease. This study has documented that history, clinical examination, and single-plane angiography are often unsatisfactory for assessing the hemodynamic significance of an aorto-iliac lesion. The use of oblique angiographic views, certain noninvasive methods, such as quanti tative Doppler waveform analysis, and direct pressure measurements will be of benefit in difficult cases and lead to a more accurate diagnosis.
Relationship between the Radioisotope Test Using 131I-labelled Serum Albumin and Plethysmographic Blood Flow . Measurements in the Study of the Circulation in the Foot
Authors: Cuypers Y. , Steels P.
Published: November 2007

A radioisotope test using 131I-labelled serum albumin and venous occlusion plethysmography were performed simultaneously on the feet of normal individuals and patients with peripheral arterial disease during a period of reactive hyperemia. The radioisotope test includes a circulation time and a build-up curve reflecting a local clearance process which is characterized by the parameter M/2 — delay. Between the parameter M/2 — delay of the radioisotope test and the blood flow measured by the plethysmograph, the power relationship was found to be: M/2 — delay = 74.01 F-0.74 with r = 0.69.

The experimental data show that the plethysmographic blood flow mea surement is an accurate method for the assessment of the peripheral circu lation in normal individuals but is less suitable in patients with peripheral arterial disease. The radioisotope test appears to be more valuable than the plethysmographic blood flow measurement for the differentiation of normal individuals from patients with peripheral arterial disease and for the evalu ation of the grade of ischemia.
Effect of Fentanyl on Myocardial Metabolism during Ischemia
Authors: Reneman Robert S. , Van der Vusse Ger J.
Published: November 2007

In this survey, the effect of fentanyl, a potent morphinomimetic, on myocardial metabolism and some hemodynamic variables during ischemia is described. The data presented were derived from open-chest experiments on dogs. Ischemia was induced by partial occlusion (stenosis) of a coronary artery. Inducing the stenosis twice in the same animal after a certain interval made it possible to use the animal as its own control. Control and compound series are discussed. In the compound series, fentanyl (25 μg/kg-1) was injected IV 5 minutes before induction of the second stenosis.

Fentanyl decreased the oxygen demand of the ischemic myocardium, mainly due to a reduction in heart rate, which resulted in a decrease in the breakdown of energy-rich phosphates and in the anaerobic breakdown of glucose. The latter resulted in a less pronounced production of lactate by the ischemic myocardium and hence in a diminished acidity of this tissue. The release of potassium ions during ischemia was reduced after fentanyl.

The uptake of glucose by the ischemic myocardium was not affected by fentanyl, but the uptake of free fatty acids was diminished. During ischemia, the arterial free fatty acid concentration decreased after fentanyl, indicating that the compound may suppress stress responses.

Although extrapolation to clinical anesthesia should be handled with care, the described findings suggest that the use of fentanyl may benefit patients with coronary artery disease during anesthesia.
Arterial Grafting through the Obturator Foramen in Secondary Hemorrhage from the Femoral Vessels
Authors: Wood R.F.M.
Published: November 2007

Secondary hemorrhage from the groin is a life-threatening situation with a high risk of amputation if the limb is not revascularized after controlling the bleeding. Three cases are described in which grafting via the obturator foramen was used to achieve iliofemoral bypass in patients with secondary hemorrhage from the femoral vessels. Obturator bypass has previously mainly been used in the management of infective complications in the groin after arterial grafting procedures. The previously reported cases are reviewed with special reference to the indications for the procedure in situations unrelated to previous reconstructive vascular surgery.
Wenckebach Phenomenon (W.P.) at Sites Other than A-V Junctional Area
Authors: Yan He-chang , Zhuang Ya-chun
Published: November 2007

W.P. is more prone to appear at A-V-J but is also seen at other sites of the conduction system. It may exhibit as classical or atypical form and as well as the alternating pattern in conduction sequence. The following cases will be presented below.
Angiokines, Angiogenesis and Angiolymphoproliferative Syndromes (ALPS)
Authors: DeCarvalho Sergio
Published: November 2007

In earlier experiments we had noted that transformed and leukemic leuko cytes produced an RNA-rich angiogenic lymphokine. The formation of capil laries is a stepwise process in which reticulum cells first become detached and attracted to a site (mobilization and migration along a reticulin network). This is followed by local proliferation and finally by elongation and alignment against a basal membrane in tubular geometry. Coincidental with the last step is a biochemical and immunochemical differentiation of the endothelial cells manifested by the appearance of alkaline phosphatase, angiotensin-converting enzyme, factor VIII and the generation of receptors for thrombin as well as the capacities to produce prostacyclin and fibronectin on demand.

It is postulated that there may be not one but several angiogenic lym phokines (angiokines) for each step of capillary development. Angiokine 1 (AK1) for the mobilization-chemotactic-migration, A K2 for the local prolifera tive, and AK3 for differentiating-morphogenic events.

The above postulate aids in the classification and understanding of a number of angiolymphoproliferative syndromes since these reflect different disorders of the stepwise vessel formation.

The association and the simultaneous proliferation of vascular and lym phoid elements is a feature that a number of lymphoproliferative disorders, of otherwise differing nature, have in common. To this effect they have been grouped in this study as angiolymphoproliferative syndromes (ALPS).

These are a group of prelymphomatous or prelymphomogenic clinicopathologic entities in which proliferation of a lymphoid element (cell) is coupled with the accelerated development of blood capillaries and post- capillary venules.
Verminous Aneurysm Caused by Filaria
Authors: Toledo Francisco Victor , Pereira de Araújo Adalberto , Moraes da Cunha Adir , Sidow Jorge Roberto , Goncalves Pavão Sergio , Delly de Araújo Eimar
Published: November 2007

Aneurysms caused by atherosclerosis are relatively frequent, as a conse quence of the high incidence of this degenerative disease of the arteries. Other types of aneurysm, for example, those of infectious etiology, are more un common. Bacterias and fungi are able to cause aneurysms in several parts of the arterial tree. Stengel et al (1943),37 in a review of world literature described 217 cases of mycotic aneurysms. The Stedman's Medical Dictionary35 refers to a special type of aneurysm observed in horses, caused by intra-vascular migration of a worm, the Strongylus vulgaris. It has been named verminous aneurysm and generally involves the mesenteric arteries. We haven't found in medical literature any similar observations refering to human cases. The pur pose of this paper is to describe a case of aneurysm the etiology of which we have imputed to the filaria (Wuchereria bancrofti). This case was observed in Marcilio Dias Naval Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Hypotension and Arteriovenous Shunting: Effects of Intravenous Infusion of Nitroprusside, Nitroglycerin and Phentolamine
Authors: Dumont Louis , Lamoureux Claudette , Lelorier Jacques , Stanley Paul , Chartrand Claude
Published: November 2007

The effects of nitroprusside, nitroglycerin and phentolamine on cardiac dynamics and on the fraction of cardiac output shunted through systemic arteriovenous communi cations, which may explain disparate responses elicited by these systemic vasodilators upon venous return, have been studied in 15 nonanesthetized dogs. Cardiac dynamic parameters were measured by electromagnetic flow probe placed at the root of the aorta. Quantitative measurements of total systemic arteriovenous shunting were determined from the fraction of 9μ radioactively labeled microspheres, injected into the left atrium, recovered in the pulmonary artery. To provide a common basis for comparison, the mean arterial pressure was lowered by 15-20% either with an intravenous infusion of nitroprusside, nitroglycerin or phentolamine. At the fifteenth minute of infusion, nitro prusside produced significant decrease in stroke volume index (23%) and left ventricular power and work (28% and 40%). Nitroglycerin decreased significantly stroke volume index (12%), cardiac index (9%) and left ventricular work (22%). Phentolamine signifi cantly increased heart rate (72%) and left ventricular maximum acceleration (30%) while it decreased stroke volume index (41 %), left ventricular power and work (19% and 55%). Total peripheral resistance was significantly affected only by infusion of phentolamine (-18%). Left ventricular maximum velocity, mean systolic ejection rate and maximum systolic flow did not change significantly under infusion of these systemic vasodilators.

Under control conditions, total systemic shunting of cardiac output averaged 8.9- 10% and was not modified by any of the vasodilators used. Arteriovenous O2 difference and oxygen consumption, corroborated these findings since they remained within normal limits before and after infusion of nitroprusside, nitroglycerin or phentolamine. These results indicate that the mechanisms by which venous return is altered during administration of systemic vasodilators in normal subjects are not related to shunting of blood via peripheral arteriovenous anastomoses.
Accelerated Renovascular Hypertension Following Intra-Aortic Balloon Counter-Pulsation
Authors: Madrazo Armando C. , Arbulu Agustin , Wolfe Stanley B. , Hans Sachinder S. , Orzechowski Robert
Published: November 2007

A 62-year-old man developed high serum renin arterial hypertension following thoraco-abdominal dissection which resulted from insertion of an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP). Nephrectomy resulted in cure of medically unmanageable hypertension.
Takayasu's Arteritis of the Upper Extremities A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Al-Awami Syed , Katz David A. , Kreifels Marcene F. , Bogard Patrick J. , Hayes Dennis F.
Published: November 2007

Takayasu's Arteritis is an inflammatory process of the large arteries. It most commonly involves the aorta and its major branches. It is characterized by acute and chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the vessel wall with resultant constric tion or occlusion of the vessel lumen. There are various histopathologic stages this disease evolves through which may complicate the diagnosis. In this study we present a case of Takayasu's Arteritis involving the right axillary artery, with a literature review.
The Role of Fibrinolysis in the Therapy of Peripheral Vascular Disease
Authors: Ambrus Clara M. , Ambrus Julian L. , Gastpar Helmuth , Sharma Satya D. , Suh O.W. , Moore Robert H. , Williams Phyllis
Published: November 2007

In vivo thrombolytic studies in stumptailed monkeys indicated that pentoxifylline potentiates thrombolysis induced by urokinase activated human plasmin. Pentoxifylline as well as prostaglandin E1 released plasminogen activators and activated the fibrinolysin system. From this point of view pentoxifylline and prostaglandin E1 synergized with each other. Pentoxifylline potentiated the thrombolytic effect of prostaglandin E1 in vivo.
Naftidrofuryl in Chronic Arterial Disease. Results of a Controlled Multicenter Study
Authors: Trübestein G. , Böhme H. , Heidrich H. , Heinrich F. , Hirche H. , Maass U. , Mörl H. , Rudofsky G.
Published: November 2007

In a double blind, randomized multicenter study naftidrofuryl, a vasoactive substance, was compared with placebo in the treatment of 104 patients with chronic arterial occlusive disease. After a run-in period of four weeks the pa tients received either naftidrofuryl (600mg daily) or placebo over 12 weeks. The pain-free and the total walking distances improved significantly in both groups. However, the difference in the improvement of the pain-free walking distance was significant (p < 0.02) in favour of naftidrofuryl. There also was a difference in the improvement of the total walking distance in favour of naftidrofuryl which was not significant.

The results indicate that naftidrofuryl has a beneficial effect on the symp toms and lengthens the painfree walking distance in patients with arterial occlu sive disease.
Elastic Modulus in Young Diabetic Patients (Ultrasound Measurements of Pulse Wave Velocity)
Authors: Stella Andrea , Gessaroli Massimiliano , Cifiello Bianca I. , Salardi Silvana , Reggiani Angela , Cacciari Emanuele , D'Addato Massimo
Published: November 2007

Aim of this study is to confirm the validity of non-invasive evaluation with Doppler C.W. in the study of arterial diseases and in the identification of pre- clinical arterial lesions.

We studied twenty-eight children suffered from mellite diabetes and depend ent on insulin and a control group composed of twenty-eight healthy persons.

All subjects were studied using the methodology of the transit time for the determination of the elastic modulus of the lower limb arterial wall and results were analysed according to a statistical method.

Although the groups were small, an increase in pulse wave velocity was noted in diabetic children and a significative correlation was found between the elastic modulus and duration of diabetes.
Quantitation of Pulmonary Emboli with Pulmonary Cineangiography: Preliminary Report
Authors: Panigrahi Gunadhar , Boudoulas Harisios , Ganguly Sunilendu
Published: November 2007

Pulmonary angiography is considered the definite method of diagnosing pul monary emboli. It is hypothesized that pulmonary cineangiography is superior to conventional pulmonary angiography for quantitation of pulmonary emboli. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis.

Six patients with an age range from 27 to 70 years with documented pulmo nary emboli by pulmonary angiogram, had pulmonary cineangiograms. Pulmo nary angiogram defined pulmonary emboli in nine major vessels in the six patients; while, pulmonary cineangiogram revealed another 10 major vessels with pulmonary emboli, which were either not detected or considered equivocal by the conventional pulmonary angiography. The pulmonary embolic score as an index of the extent of pulmonary emboli was 24 (mean 4±2.52 1SD) by the conventional pulmonary angiography, while the score was 60 (mean 10±3.22 1SD) by the pulmonary cineangiography, P < 0.2.

Thus, in cases with pulmonary emboli, pulmonary cineangiogram is supe rior to conventional pulmonary angiogram for the quantitation of pulmonary emboli.
Complications of Vascular Access Devices for Hemodialysis
Authors: Nan Weiner Shelley
Published: November 2007

Hemodialysis is essential in the management of end stage renal disease pa tients. Forty-eight contrast examinations of hemodialysis vascular access de vices were reviewed. Venous fistulography is the method of choice for the evaluation of these devices. Only 12 patients in this series required arteriogra phy and 6 of them had a lower extremity access device. The most common complications included venous stenoses, venous or graft aneurysms, pseu doaneurysms and venous or graft thrombosis. Pseudointimal proliferation re sulting in graft stenosis was also observed.
An S.E.M. Corrosion Cast Study on Pericyte Localization and Role in Microcirculation of Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Gaudio E. , Pannarale L. , Marinozzi G.
Published: November 2007

The authors used the microcorrosion cast technique to study the localization and the role of pericytes in the microcirculation of skeletal muscle.

Both fast twitch muscles, the tibialis anterior and the pectineus muscles, and a slow twitch one, the soleus muscle, were studied, because of morphological differences of their capillary networks.

The observation of peculiar imprints on the surface of vascular casts, strate gically sited in the microvascular bed, were related to the presence of pericytes apposed to the endothelial lining.

The role of pericytes in adeguating the local blood flow to metabolic needs and in maintaining capillary blood flow despite pinching of vessels is discussed.
Thromboangiitis Obliterans—Its Overwhelming Incidence in Lower Limbs; A Plausible Explanation
Authors: Kamath M.V.
Published: November 2007

A plausible explanation for the overwhelming incidence of thromboangiitis obliterans with gangrene in lower limbs (as compared to that in upper limbs) in a series of about 1000 cases is given. Based on that a simple local operative procedure is proposed to replace lumbar sympathectomy in early cases.
Doppler Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Dissecting Aneurysms of the Aortic and Great Vessels
Authors: Todini A.R. , Antignani P.L.
Published: November 2007

The reliability of the method and the simplicity of the execution of the Doppler examination allowed us to use it as a diagnostic help in the dissecting aneurysms of the aorta and in the hiatrogenetic dissections of the great vessels. The findings carried out are peculiar from the point of view "acoustic" and from the point of view "morphologic" and in part they depend on the type of the vascular dissection.
Effects of Prostaglandins on the Pulmonary Vascular Bed of Newborn Rats with Chronic Hypoxia
Authors: Kashani Iraj A. , Richardson Brian , Lammers Roberta J. , Merritt T. Allen , Bloor Colin M.
Published: November 2007

We investigated the effects of prostaglandins (PG) E1, I2 and D2 on the pulmonary vascular bed of newborn rats subjected to chronic hypoxia. Forty seven newborn rats were exposed to chronic hypoxia (10% oxygen) for 23 days and divided into five groups which received PGE1 (N=10), PGI2 (N=9), PGD2 (N = 11), placebo (N=9) or served as controls (N=8). The PG's were administered by implanting slow release subcutaneous pellets delivering an average daily dose of 1 μg. Thirteen newborn rats in room air received either placebo or served as controls. All rats were killed after 23 days and heart-lung preparations were perfusion fixed with glutaraldehyde. Appropriate blocks were processed for quantitative morphometry of the pulmonary parenchyma, arteries and arterioles. For analysis the pulmonary vessels were grouped by external diameter, i.e. 30-50μ and 50-100μ. External diameter/lumen diameter, an index of medial smooth muscle mass, was 1.39 ± 0.02 in room air controls, this index of medial muscle mass was significantly increased (p < 0.01) to 1.53 ± 0.03 in hypoxic controls and the PGD2 and PGI2 groups. However, the PGE1 group did not have medial hypertrophy evidenced by a medial muscle mass index of 1.34 ± 0.04, similar to room air controls. These findings suggest that PGE1 may prevent the development of medial hypertrophy that occurs in chronic hypoxia.
Treatment of Resistant Venous Stasis Ulcers and Dermatitis with the End-Diastolic Pneumatic Compression Boot
Authors: Dillon Richard S.
Published: November 2007

The end-diastolic pneumatic compression boot was used to treat 17 patients with difficult or refractory stasis dermatitis and ulcers. Decreases in induration, pigmentation, and palpable thrombi were observed and all patients were improved or healed. The boot treatment allowed effective local administration of antibiotics on gauze wrappings. Removal of the latter after treatments provided a means of nonsurgical debridement. Healing was maintained by periodic outpatient boot treatments in patients with close followup. Ulcers recurred in patients lost to followup but responded again to boot treatment. One diabetic man with knee contractures and both severe venous and arterial disease relapsed repetitively and lost both legs in spite of bilateral femoral-popliteal bypasses and his boot treatments.
Agenesis of the Left Pulmonary Artery As A Cause of Hemoptysis
Authors: Cogswell Terrence L. , Singh Sanjay
Published: November 2007

Agenesis of a pulmonary artery is an unusual cause of hemoptysis. Presented here is a case of agenesis of the left pulmonary artery which presented following a subendocardial infarction which raised the suspicion for pulmonary embolus. Despite a ventilation perfusion long scan which showed absent perfusion to the left lung, the clinical absence of tachypnea and dyspnea led to pulmonary angi ography and thence to the correct diagnosis. Anticoagulant and/or thrombolyic therapy were withheld and the patient was treated conservatively. Agenesis of a pulmonary artery is a rare cause of hemoptysis, but may mimic pulmonary emboli and should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Failure to recog nize this clinical entity could lead to unwanted and potentially harmful anti coagulant or thrombolyic therapy.
Naftidrofuryl in Chronic Arterial Disease Results of a Six Month Controlled Multicenter Study Using Naftidrofuryl Tablets 200 mg
Authors: Adhoute G. , Bacourt F. , Barral M. , Cardon J.M. , Chevalier J.M. , Cuny A. , Gillet M. , Juhan C. , Leguay G. , Marion J. , Marie J. , Natali J. , Nicaise H. , Plagnol P. , Revelin P. , Rouffy S. , Saulnier J.P. , Schmidt C. , Vasseur J.J.
Published: November 2007

The study was carried out on patients with intermittent claudication (Fon taine's stage II). The arterial and atheromatous origin of the disease was con firmed and localized by angiography or Doppler velocimetry examination.

One hundred eighty-six patients were selected initially. Their pain-free walk ing distance on a treadmill (at a speed of 3 km/hour and an inclination of 10%) had to be 150-300 m. During the first month all patients received 3 placebo tablets daily.

At the end of this run-in period (D-30; D 0) and after checking walking distance stability (allowed variation: ±20% between the two measurements) the patients were included in the study. One hundred fifty-four patients were se lected and 118 remained during the whole study. The study was designed as a double-blind, using two parallel randomly selected groups.

Sixty-four patients received for six months Naftidrofuryl (3 × 200 mg tablets daily with meals); 54 patients received placebo under the same conditions. Dur ing this period, clinical and paraclinical examinations were carried out every quarter (D 90 and D 180).

After checking the initial homogeneity of the Naftidrofuryl and placebo- groups, the comparison between groups indicates a significant improvement in Naftidrofuryl group after 3 and 6 months of treatment. At the end of the study the observed differences in walking distance with Naftidrofuryl are approxi mately twice the difference in the reference group (D 90: p < 0.05; D 180: p < 0.02). The results of this study indicate that Naftidrofuryl is an efficient pharmacological tool for treatment of patients with chronic arterial disease (Fontaine's stage II).