bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
О?ПЕРЕКРЁСТНОМ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИИ АНТИТЕЛ С?АНТИГЕНАМИ, ПРИНАДЛЕЖАЩИМИ К?РАЗНЫМ ПАТОГЕННЫМ ТИПАМ ВИРУСА ПАПИЛЛОМЫ ЧЕЛОВЕКА, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Саляев Р.К. , Рекославская Н.И. , Столбиков А.С.
Published: September 2018

При анализе свойств четырёхвалентной пероральной вакцины против цервикального рака, создаваемой с помощью экспрессионной системы на основе трансгенных плодов томата, обнаружили по результатам иммуноферментного анализа и Вестерн-блот-гибридизации, что антитела против вируса папилломы человека 16 L1 (ВПЧ16 L1) активно взаимодействовали не только с антигенными белками ВПЧ18 L1, 31 L1, 45 L1, но и с антигенным белком ВПЧ6 L1, который принадлежит к другому семейству ВПЧ. Таким образом, получены новые данные о возможности перекрёстного взаимодействия между антителами и антигенами, относящимися к отдалённым семействам ВПЧ.
ДВЕ МОДЕЛИ ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ЧАСТОТЫ ЗВУКОВОГО СИГНАЛА ОТ РАЗМЕРОВ ТЕЛА ЖИВОТНОГО НА ПРИМЕРЕ СУСЛИКОВ ЕВРАЗИИ (MAMMALIA, RODENTIA), "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Никольский А.А.
Published: September 2018

Исследовали зависимость частоты звукового сигнала 14 видов сусликов (род Spermophilus) Евразии от длины тела. Регрессионный анализ общей выборки показал низкий коэффициент детерминации (R2 = 26%), так как в одних и тех же размерных классах общая выборка оказалась неоднородной по значению частоты сигнала. Разделение общей выборки на две группы по частоте сигнала выявило две статистически значимые модели (уравнения регрессии) зависимости частоты сигнала от размеров тела животного с высоким коэффициентом детерминации (R2 = 73 и 94% против 26% для общей выборки). Таким образом, задача о корреляции между размерами тела животных и частотой издаваемых ими звуков не имеет однозначного решения.
ВКЛАД ЗООПЛАНКТОНА В ВЕРТИКАЛЬНЫЙ ПОТОК ВЕЩЕСТВА В МОРЯХ СИБИРСКОЙ АРКТИКИ, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Пастернак А.Ф. , Дриц А.В. , Кравчишина М.Д. , Флинт М.В.
Published: September 2018

В рейсе 63 научно-исследовательского судна “Академик Мстислав Келдыш” в августе-октябре 2015 г. с помощью седиментационных ловушек исследовали роль зоопланктона в вертикальном потоке вещества в Карском море и море Лаптевых. Величины валового потока и потока Сорг были более чем на порядок выше, чем полученные до 2000-х гг. Предложена гипотеза о возрастающем влиянии речного стока на акваторию Карского моря при изменении климата. Вклад зоопланктона в поток Сорг менялся в широких пределах, составляя в среднем 50%. Наиболее высокие величины потоков и вклад в них зоопланктона (до 96%) зарегистрировали во фронтальных (градиентных) зонах.
ДРЕЙФОВЫЙ МЕХАНИЗМ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ ПРОВОЛОЧЕК В ЖИДКОМ ГЕЛИИ, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Стовбун С.В. , Скоблин А.А. , Кирсанкин А.А.
Published: September 2018

Предложен дрейфовый механизм формирования проволочек в жидком гелии из продуктов лазерной абляции металлов. Последние обычно ионизированы и притягиваются к любой поверхности за счёт силы электрического изображения. Это обеспечивает дрейф наночастиц, превалирующий над диффузией. Формирование анизометрических структур (проволочек) в условиях дрейфа представляет хорошо известный эффект, не связанный со свойствами сверхтекучего гелия.
ВОЗРАСТ И ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ ОКУНЁВСКОГО РЕДКОМЕТАЛЬНОГО РУДНО-МАГМАТИЧЕСКОГО КОМПЛЕКСА (ЗАПАДНЫЙ САЯН), "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Лыхин Д.А. , Ярмолюк В.В. , Травин А.В. , Воронцов А.А.
Published: September 2018

Исследована геология, геохимия, геохронология пород Окунёвского редкометального рудно-магматического комплекса, включающего щелочные граниты и F-Be-минерализацию. Выявлено их гео- химическое сходство, свидетельствующее о генетических связях. Получены 40Ar/39Ar-возрасты по гранитам Окунёвского комплекса: 481 и 486 млн лет. Это позволило связать образование комплекса со становлением раннепалеозойской магматической провинцией Алтае-Саянской складчатой области, контролированной мантийным плюмом. В пределах Присаянского края известен ряд раннепалеозойских щелочных массивов, с которыми сопряжены редкометальные месторождения: Арыскан, Радуга, Казырское. Их распространение тяготеет к области сочленения хр. Западного, Восточного Саяна и выделяется как раннепалеозойская Восточно-Саянская зона редкометального магматизма, специализированного на Be, W, Mo, Zr, Nb, РЗЭ.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ СОСТАВОВ БАЗАЛЬТОВ ЗАПАДНОЙ ЧАСТИ РАЗЛОМА ЭНДРЮ БЕЙН ЮГО-ЗАПАДНО-ИНДИЙСКОГО ХРЕБТА, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Пейве А.А. , Сколотнев С.Г.
Published: September 2018

Приведены оригинальные данные по составу вулканитов западной части разлома Эндрю Бейн Юго-Западно-Индийского хребта, полученные в 23 рейсе нис “Академик Николай Страхов”. Можно говорить о присутствии здесь мелких мантийных неоднородностей. Рассмотрены два возможных варианта их происхождения. Это сохранение в деплетированной мантии фрагментов обогащённого материала в ходе раскола Гондваны либо “заражение” мантии плюмовым материалом с образованием жильных неоднородностей, которое произошло до начала раскрытия океана в этой области.
ИЗОТОПНЫЙ СОСТАВ SR В БЕЛЕМНИТАХ ИЗ ПОГРАНИЧНЫХ ОТЛОЖЕНИЙ ЮРЫ И МЕЛА (Р.?МАУРЫНЬЯ, ЗАПАДНАЯ СИБИРЬ), "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Кузнецов А.Б. , Изох О. П. , Дзюба О.С. , Шурыгин Б.Н.
Published: September 2018

Стронциевая изотопная характеристика белемнитов из интервала верхневолжского подъяруса-нижней части рязанского яруса в разрезе на р. Маурынья заполоняет пробел кривой вариаций 87Sr/86Sr в океане на границе юры и мела. Установленное увеличение значений 87Sr/86Sr в разрезе от 0,707172 до 0,707242 совпадает с общим ростом этого отношения в позднеюрском-раннемеловом океане.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРИМЕСЕЙ AS, BI, TE НА ПОВЕДЕНИЕ ПЛАТИНОВЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ ПРИ ФРАКЦИОННОЙ КРИСТАЛЛИЗАЦИИ СУЛЬФИДНОЙ МАГМЫ, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Синякова Е.Ф. , Косяков В.И. , Борисенко А.С.
Published: September 2018

Представлены результаты исследования химического и фазового составов трёх образцов, полученных направленной кристаллизацией Cu-Fe-Ni-сульфидных расплавов, содержащих примеси Ag, Au, элементов платиновой группы и добавки As, Bi, Te. Один образец содержал только металлические примеси, второй был дополнительно легирован As, в третий добавлены As, Bi, Te. На основании интерпретации экспериментальных данных предложен возможный механизм образования минералов платиновых металлов при фракционной кристаллизации многокомпонентных сульфидных расплавов.
КЛЮЧЕВАЯ РОЛЬ ИОНОВ ХЛОРА В?РЕГУЛЯЦИИ БЫСТРЫХ НАТРИЕВЫХ ТОКОВ В?НЕЙРОНАХ КРЫС, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Замойский В.Л. , Григорьев В.В.
Published: September 2018

При исследовании клеток Пуркинье мозжечка молодых крыс методом patch-clamp в конфигурации whole cell обнаружили, что снижение наружной концентрации ионов хлора до 4 мМ привело к уменьшению быстрых натриевых токов на 85-100%. Этот эффект не зависел от того, какой катион был с внутренней стороны мембраны (катион калия или цезия), проявлялся при замене Cl- на SO42- или H2PO4- и был обратим при отмывке клеток стандартным физиологическим раствором.
РОЛЬ АЛЬФА-ФЕТОПРОТЕИНА В?ДИФФЕРЕНЦИРОВКЕ РЕГУЛЯТОРНЫХ Т-ЛИМФОЦИТОВ, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Черешнев А. , Тимганова В.П. , Храмцов П.В. , Кропанева М.Д. , Раев М.Б. , Заморина С.А. , Бочкова М.С.
Published: September 2018

Исследовали влияние нативного альфа-фетопротеина (АФП) в зависимости от пролиферативного статуса клеток на экспрессию маркёров Т-регуляторных лимфоцитов (Treg) активированными лимфоцитами CD4+. Альфа-фетопротеин не влиял на соотношение пролиферирующих и непролиферирующих активированных клеток CD4+. При исследовании дифференцировки Treg обнаружили, что АФП в концентрациях 50 и 100 мкг/мл достоверно угнетал количество непролиферирующих лимфоцитов CD4+FOXP3+ и CD4+FOXP3+HELIOS+, не влияя на экспрессию маркёров Treg пролиферирующими лимфоцитами CD4+.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНО-ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНЫХ УРАВНЕНИЙ С НЕОГРАНИЧЕННЫМИ ОПЕРАТОРНЫМИ КОЭФФИЦИЕНТАМИ, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Власов В.В. , Раутиан Н.А.
Published: September 2018

В работе изучаются функционально-дифференциальные уравнения и интегродифференциальные уравнения, главной частью которых является абстрактное гиперболическое уравнение, возмущённое слагаемыми, содержащими неограниченные переменные операторные коэффициенты при переменных запаздываниях, а также вольтерровы интегральные операторы. Для указанных уравнений установлена корректная разрешимость начальных задач в пространствах Соболева вектор-функций. В автономном случае проведён спектральный анализ оператор-функций, являющихся символами указанных уравнений.
СИМПЛЕКТИЧЕСКАЯ ГЕОМЕТРИЯ ЛИНЕЙНОГО ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ С КВАДРАТИЧНЫМ ИНВАРИАНТОМ, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Козлов В.В.
Published: September 2018

Линейное преобразование с инвариантом в виде невырожденной квадратичной формы является симплектическим. В сообщении обсуждаются геометрические свойства таких преобразований. В явной форме указан полный набор квадратичных инвариантов, находящихся попарно в инволюции. Исследована структура изотропного конуса, где все эти интегралы одновременно обращаются в нуль. Обсуждаются приложения общих результатов к задаче об устойчивости неподвижной точки линейного преобразования с квадратичным инвариантом.
ОБ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ЧИСЛА НЕЗАВИСИМОСТИ СЛУЧАЙНОГО ПОДГРАФА, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Райгородский А.М.
Published: September 2018

Найдены достаточные условия асимптотической устойчивости чисел независимости случайных подграфов в бесконечной последовательности растущих графов.
О БИЛИНЕЙНЫХ ВЕСОВЫХ НЕРАВЕНСТВАХ НА КОНУСЕ НЕУБЫВАЮЩИХ ФУНКЦИЙ, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Степанов В.Д. , Шамбилова Г.Э.
Published: September 2018

В работе даны необходимые и достаточные условия для весовой ограниченности в пространствах Лебега одного класса билинейных весовых неравенств с операторами интегрирования на конусе неубывающих функций на вещественной полуоси.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ТАНДЕМНЫХ ПОВТОРОВ СО ВСТАВКАМИ И ДЕЛЕЦИЯМИ В ГЕНОМЕ A. THALIANA, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Коротков Е.В. , Суворова Ю. М. , Скрябин К.Г.
Published: September 2018

Для поиска тандемных повторов со вставками и делециями в последовательностях полного генома A. thaliana впервые применён новый математический метод. Метод основан на новом алгоритме множественного выравнивания последовательностей отдельных периодов без использования парных сравнений последовательностей. Мы обнаружили 13997 периодических участков с длиной периода от 2 до 50 символов и только около 30% этих участков были известны ранее. Обсуждается возможное происхождение и использование найденных участков с тандемными повторами.
Deception and truth detection when analyzing nonverbal and verbal cues
Authors: Vrij Aldert
Published: September 2018

In this article, I present my view on the significant developments and theoretical/empirical tipping points in nonverbal and verbal deception and lie detection from the last 30 years and on prospects for future research in this domain. I discuss three major shifts in deception detection research: (a) From observing target persons' nonverbal behavior to analyzing their speech; (b) from lie detection based on differences between truth tellers and liars' levels of arousal to lie detection based on the different cognitive processes or strategies adopted to appear convincing; and (c) from passively observing target persons to actively interviewing them to elicit or enhance verbal cues to deceit. Finally, I discuss my ideas for future research, focusing on initiatives from my own lab. Hopefully, this will stimulate other researchers to explore innovative ideas in the verbal deception research domain, which already has seen so much progress in the last decade.
Advertising: The contribution of applied cognitive psychology
Authors: Furnham Adrian
Published: September 2018

This paper looks at the contribution of applied cognitive psychology primarily to the research on advertising. The first issue is to attempt to define and specify the unique contribution of applied, as opposed to “pure,” cognitive psychology to this research area. Next, the issue of the medium of message delivery is discussed. The importance of program involvement and mood impact on memory for advertisements is then reviewed. The major part of the review looks at the influence of humor, sex, violence, and unconventional sex roles in advertisements on their impact on viewer's memory. An attempt is made to document important and replicated findings in this area. Finally, some effort is made to consider future avenues of research.
Identification‐based PID tuning without external excitation
Authors: Yan Wengang , Zhu Yucai
Published: September 2018

Identification‐based proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) controller tuning is studied in this work. A method of closed‐loop PID tuning without using test signals is developed. The basic idea is to shift the PID control parameters properly to achieve persistent excitation condition in closed‐loop test. In this way, not only the closed‐loop system can be identified accurately without using external exciting signals but also the control performance can be improved during the test. A stochastic model error bound is introduced for model validation. An internal model control design method is applied to tune the PID parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by simulations.
Solution Treatment Study of Inconel 718 Produced by SLM Additive Technique in View of the Oxidation Resistance
Authors: Calandri Michele , Manfredi Diego , Calignano Flaviana , Ambrosio Elisa Paola , Biamino Sara , Lupoi Rocco , Ugues Daniele
Published: September 2018

The additive manufacturing concept for the production of complex near net shape metal parts is obtaining increasing attention due to the possibility of producing assembled and/or complex parts allowing optimal design and saving time and cost. The possibility to use the free design of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) techniques for the fabrication of complex 3D components using high performing, although difficult to work, materials such as Ni superalloys is really attractive. The particular process conditions that are established during additive manufacturing in SLM leads to microstructures different with respect to those observed in standard cast or wrought analogous material. Therefore, it is usually necessary to apply a post solution treatment, in order to reduce the segregation of heavier elements (in particular Nb) and dissolve the interdendritic precipitates. In this study, the influence of temperature and time of the solution treatment on the microstructure is investigated in order to find the best results in terms of the final oxidation resistance. Oxidation performances of solutioned Inconel 718 fabricated via SLM are reported and discussed. The growth rate of the superficial oxide at the temperature of 850 °C was measured and the long‐term stability of this passivating layer was tested until 908 h.
The Effect of Tailored Deformation on Fatigue Strength of Austenitic 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: Zhang Meng Xiao , Pang Jian Chao , Li Shou Xin , Zhang Zhen Jun , Zhang Zhe Feng
Published: September 2018

Fatigue failure is one of major problems of the structural components under cyclic loading; however the fatigue test is a time‐consuming and high‐cost process. Therefore, it is better to establish the relationship between the fatigue property and static mechanical properties of materials. The present studies mainly focus on the relationship between fatigue strength and tensile strength of 316L austenitic stainless steel prepared with four different technologies. The rolling results in severe plastic deformation; dislocation multiplication occurs inside the grains, and the elongated grains are parallel to the rolling direction. With the tensile strength increasing, the optimum fatigue strength reaches at an appropriate tensile strength. The fatigue strength is controlled by the tensile strength and the ability of work hardening, and based on this analysis a new method is established to estimate the fatigue strength. The competitive mechanism between fatigue crack initiation and propagation is also proposed to account for the different shapes of S‐N curves.
Corporate Counsel Are From Mars, Outside Lawyers Are From Venus
Authors: Leventhal Alexander G.
Published: September 2018

In the bestselling and controversial 1992 book, “Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus,” author John Gray posits that the key to a successful marital relationship is communication. This, he believes, is due to fundamental normative differences between the sexes; in short, men and women think and behave differently. See www.marsvenus.com.
Information and the Reconstruction of Quantum Physics
Authors: Jaeger Gregg
Published: September 2018

The reconstruction of quantum physics has been connected with the interpretation of the quantum formalism, and has continued to be so with the recent deeper consideration of the relation of information to quantum states and processes. This recent form of reconstruction has mainly involved conceiving quantum theory on the basis of informational principles, providing new perspectives on physical correlations and entanglement that can be used to encode information. By contrast to the traditional, interpretational approach to the foundations of quantum mechanics, which attempts directly to establish the meaning of the elements of the theory and often touches on metaphysical issues, the newer, more purely reconstructive approach sometimes defers this task, focusing instead on the mathematical derivation of the theoretical apparatus from simple principles or axioms. In its most pure form, this sort of theory reconstruction is fundamentally the mathematical derivation of the elements of theory from explicitly presented, often operational principles involving a minimum of extra‐mathematical content. Here, a representative series of specifically information‐based treatments—from partial reconstructions that make connections with information to rigorous axiomatizations, including those involving the theories of generalized probability and abstract systems—is reviewed.
The Influence of Distant Substrates on the Outcome of Contact Electrification
Authors: Siek Marta , Adamkiewicz Witold , Sobolev Yaroslav I. , Grzybowski Bartosz A.
Published: September 2018

The magnitudes of the charges developed on contact‐electrified polymers depend on not only the properties of these materials but also the nature of distant substrates on which the polymers are supported. In particular, image charges induced in conductive substrates can decrease charges on the polymers by arc discharge through the surrounding gas. This mode of charge dissipation occurs on timescales of milliseconds and can be prevented by insulating the sharp edges of the conductive supports.
β‐Aminoacrylate Synthetic Hydrogels: Easily Accessible and Operationally Simple Biomaterials Networks
Authors: Fenton Owen S. , Andresen Jason L. , Paolini Marion , Langer Robert
Published: September 2018

The development of new material platforms can improve our ability to study biological processes. Here, we developed a water‐compatible variant of a click‐like polymerization between alkynoates and secondary amines to form β‐aminoacrylate synthetic polyethylene glycol (PEG) based hydrogels. These materials are easy to access—PEG alkynoate was synthesized on a 100 gram scale and the amines were available commercially; these materials are also operationally simple to formulate—gel formation occurred upon simple mixing of precursor solutions without the need for initiators, catalysts, nor specialized equipment. Three‐dimensional cell culture experiments also indicated cytocompatibility of these gels with >90 % viability retained in THP‐1 and NIH/3T3 cells after 72 hours in culture. This hydrogel system therefore represents an alternative platform to other click and click‐like hydrogels with improved accessibility and user‐friendliness for biomaterials application.
Die Bauwerksrobustheit im Kontext eines risikobasierten Erhaltungsmanagements
Authors: Akkermann Jan , Weiler Simon , Bödefeld Jörg , Meier Jochen
Published: September 2018

Der Zustand der in die Jahre gekommenen Bauwerke an Bundeswasserstraßen verlangt umfangreiche Maßnahmen, von Instandsetzung bis Neubau. Aufgrund von Ressourcenengpässen und langen Projektlaufzeiten können nicht alle erforderlichen Maßnahmen durchgeführt werden. Deshalb ist eine objektivierte Priorisierung einzelner Bauwerke und Netzabschnitte erforderlich. Bei einem risikobasierten Erhaltungsmanagement erfolgt die Bauwerksbewertung von zwei Seiten: vonseiten der Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit, bestimmt durch den Zustand des Bauwerks und seine Robustheit, und vonseiten der Versagensfolgen. Zur Beschreibung der Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit ist eine ausschließlich zustandsbasierte Betrachtung von Bauwerksschäden, die in der Vergangenheit favorisiert wurde, nicht alleine ausschlaggebend. Aus der Verbindung von festgestellten Schäden und genereller bautechnischer Robustheit ergibt sich eine erweiterte Zustandsbewertung, die eine qualitative Aussage zur Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit ermöglicht. Es wird eine neu entwickelte Vorgehensweise zur standardisierten Robustheitsbewertung in Kombination mit für Verkehrswasserbauwerke typischen Schäden vorgestellt und an praktischen Beispielen demonstriert.
How Health Care Boards Can Lead in Times of Disruption and Uncertainty
Authors: Bottles Kent , Satlow Tara
Published: September 2018

Kent Bottles and Tara Satlow work with an array of private‐sector and nonprofit clients at The Leadership Development Group, which helps boards of health care organizations position themselves for success through board retreats, board assessment and selection, board succession planning, board team effectiveness, and more. Here, Bottles and Satlow offer insight into what health care boards can do to weather the chaos and uncertainty currently roiling the American health care sector.
Hands‐on or Heads‐up? Strategic Foresight as the Heart of the Board's Work
Authors: Moore Jannice
Published: September 2018

Jannice Moore is president of The Governance Coach, a Calgary, Alberta, Canada–based firm that specializes in Policy Governance consultation and coaching. In this article, Moore looks at the interplay between strategic planning, strategic thinking, and, ultimately, strategic foresight.
Improving the Design of Synthetic Oligonucleotide Probes by Fluorescence Melting Assay
Authors: Furlan Ilaria , Domljanovic Ivana , Uhd Jesper , Astakhova Kira
Published: September 2018

Nucleic acid hybridisation plays a key role in many biological processes, including transcription, translation, and regulation of gene expression. Several sophisticated applications rely on this fundamental interaction, including the polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, and gene therapy. To target a nucleic acid sequence specifically, synthetic oligonucleotides with a suitable affinity and specificity towards the target need to be designed. The affinity of potential probes or therapeutic agents to their target sequence is generally investigated by melting experiments, which break the hydrogen‐bonding and stacking interactions that stabilise the double helix resulting in the formation of two single strands. In this paper, we report a comparative study of hybridisation for short fluorescent oligonucleotides labelled with cyanine and ATTO dyes, performed by the currently used UV melting assay and by a more sensitive fluorescence melting experiment. Using different oligonucleotide sequences in the concentration range of 5 nm to 2 μm, we observed a stabilising effect of the fluorophores on the duplexes, especially at low concentrations. We paid particular attention to the effect of polycations and to molecular crowding as major parameters that define the stability and the geometry of nucleic acid duplexes in biological samples. We also demonstrated how the fluorometry‐based melting data could aid the design of a probe targeting a human BRAF gene fragment to reduce the off‐target binding by a factor of seven.
A Catch‐and‐Release Approach to Selective Modification of Accessible Tyrosine Residues
Authors: Allan Christopher , Kosar Miroslav , Burr Christina V. , Mackay C. Logan , Duncan Rory R. , Hulme Alison N.
Published: September 2018

The tyrosine side chain is amphiphilic leading to significant variations in the surface exposure of tyrosine residues in the folded structure of a native sequence protein. This variability can be exploited to give residue‐selective functionalization of a protein substrate by using a highly reactive diazonium group tethered to an agarose‐based resin. This novel catch‐and‐release approach to protein modification has been demonstrated for proteins with accessible tyrosine residues, which are compared with a control group of proteins in which there are no accessible tyrosine residues. MS analysis of the modified proteins showed that functionalization was highly selective, but reactivity was further attenuated by the electrostatic environment of any individual residue. Automated screening of PDB structures allows identification of potential candidates for selective modification by comparison with the accessibility of the tyrosine residue in a benchmark peptide (GYG).
DNM1 Mutation in a child associated with progressive bilateral mesial temporal sclerosis
Authors: Lazzara Alexandra , Asghar Sheila , Zacharia Thomas , Byler Debra
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical Message

This case represents a novel association of a DNM1 gene mutation with status epilepticus and progressive bilateral mesial temporal sclerosis. This could have future implications for treatment in patients with DNM1 mutation and refractory epilepsy as the mesial temporal sclerosis may become bilateral, making the patient a poor surgical candidate.
An evident asymmetrical uterus during cesarean delivery
Authors: Kakigano Aiko , Matsuzaki Shinya , Jitsumori Mariko , Mimura Kazuya , Endo Masayuki , Kimura Tadashi
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical Message

If an obstetrician determines the presence of an asymmetrical uterus during cesarean delivery, the likelihood of an interstitial pregnancy complicated by placenta accreta should be considered. The figures in this article should help advance the current knowledge about a rare type of full‐term interstitial pregnancy complicated by placenta accreta.
Congenital Zika syndrome phenotype in a child born in Brazil in December 2011
Authors: Coelho Katia E. F. A. , Silva Grasiele L. C. C. , Pinho Suely F. , de Carvalho Alessandra L. , Petter Cristian M. , Brandi Ivar V.
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical Message

We report a case of a Brazilian child born in 2011 with congenital Zika syndrome phenotype. Zika virus (ZIKV) may have been circulating in Brazil more than 4 years before the outbreak. ZIKV infection might be considered in children with this phenotype even without known circulation of ZIKV.
Iodo‐Functionalized Salicylideneimine‐Boron Complexes: Synthesis and Photosensitized Degradation of Organic Water Pollutants
Authors: Shah Sanchita , Bajaj Ashima , Shibu Abhishek , Ali Md. Ehesan , Neelakandan Prakash P.
Published: September 2018

Boron‐containing organic compounds are reported to have excellent luminescent properties, however, their ability to photosensitize singlet oxygen generation remains unexplored. The synthesis of several Schiff‐base based boranils is reported, starting from commercially available salicylaldehydes and anilines. The iodo‐functionalized derivatives were observed to aid in the photosensitized generation of singlet oxygen. Poly(methylmethacrylate) films incorporating these molecules were prepared and were demonstrated to be capable of serving as a reusable heterogeneous medium for the photosensitized degradation of organic water pollutants.
Constructing Stable π‐Dimers: Two Parallel Pancake π–π Bonds
Authors: Gao Feng‐Wei , Zhong Rong‐Lin , Xu Hong‐Liang , Su Zhong‐Min
Published: September 2018

Stable phenalenyl (PLY) radical π‐dimers still play an important role for new multifunctional materials owing to their intriguing molecular structure and unusual pancake π–π bonding mode. Herein, we design a new biphenalenyl biradicaloid (1) consisting of two PLYs and one benzene ring linkage tethered by single bonds, which presents an open‐shell character. Further, three π‐dimers (a1, b1, and c1) combined with 1 and conventional biphenalenyl biradicaloid (a, b, and c), which are capable of forming two staggered PLY dimers, exhibiting a short interlayer distance between the monomers. Interestingly, the analysis of the frontier molecular orbital reveals that two bonding orbitals, namely, the two highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO and HOMO−1) are doubly occupied. The results reveal that three π‐dimers display two parallel pancake bonds. Moreover, they have small diradical and tetraradical characters, large interaction energies, and strong aromaticity, which indicate the stability of these π‐dimers. The present work creates a new class of strong pancake bonding and might be utilized in devising an array of materials.
Preparation of Ligand‐Targeted Drug Conjugates for Cancer Therapy and Their Evaluation In Vitro
Authors: Krishnan Mena Asha , Sengupta Sagnik , Chelvam Venkatesh
Published: September 2018

Present treatment strategies focus on minimizing unwanted toxicity to healthy cells during chemotherapeutic treatment. This is achieved by developing strategies to selectively deliver drugs to malignant cells over‐expressing specific protein biomarkers. The drugs are attached via a self‐immolative linker to a small molecule homing ligand having affinity for protein biomarkers over‐expressed during disease states. Several such targeting‐ligand drug conjugates have now reached preclinical and clinical trials, and this article aims to show a general methodology to prepare the same. Using solid‐phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) methodology, the targeting ligand is covalently linked to a peptide spacer having appropriate hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids. The targeting ligand–attached peptide spacer is next conjugated with the required drug molecule through a cleavable disulfide bond in a solution‐phase reaction. This protocol further elucidates the step‐by‐step procedures to be followed for complete evaluation of newly synthesized ligand‐targeted drug conjugates in vitro. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
First‐in‐Human Studies for a Selective RET Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, GSK3179106, to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Cooper Melisa , O'Connor‐Semmes Robin , Reedy Beth Ann , Hacquoil Kimberley , Gorycki Peter , Pannullo Kristen , Verticelli Adeline , Shakib Sepehr
Published: September 2018

Rearranged during transfection (RET), a neuronal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, regulates the development of the sympathetic, parasympathetic, motor, and sensory neurons in the enteric nervous system. GSK3179106 is a RET kinase inhibitor that was administered in double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled single‐dose and repeat‐dose studies in healthy subjects to investigate its pharmacokinetics and safety/tolerability. In the single‐dose study (n = 16), GSK3179106 was dosed from 10 mg to 800 mg, including a food effect arm. In the repeat‐dose study (n = 46), GSK3179106 was dosed for 14 days with food once daily (QD) from 5 mg to 100 mg and twice daily (BID) at 100 mg and 200 mg. With single fasted doses, bioavailability was low and less than dose proportional. A significant food effect was observed with a 100‐mg QD dose. Drug exposure after QD and BID repeat dosing with food showed dose dependency up to 100 mg but was not dose proportional. There were no significant differences in exposure between 100‐mg and 200‐mg BID doses of GSK3179106. Accumulation was observed with both QD and BID dosing. Single doses up to 800 mg and repeat doses up to 400 mg were well tolerated with no safety concerns in healthy subjects.
Does climate change and plant phenology research neglect the Arctic tundra?
Authors: Diepstraten Rianne A. E. , Jessen Tyler D. , Fauvelle Catherine M. D. , Musiani Marco M.
Published: September 2018

Phenology, the annual timing of naturally recurring events in animals and plants, is exhibiting significant changes in response to climate change. Drastic shifts in the timing of plant activity have been observed in high‐latitude environments in particular, which are exposed to the greatest amount of warming. Taking into consideration the importance of plant growth and seasonal availability for the whole ecosystem, we would hope that ample research is conducted on the impacts of climate change on plant phenology in the Arctic tundra. We provide a geographic and temporal overview of research relating to impacts of climate change on plant phenology and investigate whether the Arctic tundra is receiving the research attention that appears warranted due to the rapid warming and large expected changes in this biome. We conducted a literature search for articles using the Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science and evaluated focus on biomes, and temporal trends for 2000–2015. We found that the tundra was one of the least researched biomes, when compared to all other biomes. Proportional to the land surface the tundra covers, significantly less research in North America has been devoted to this biome than expected, while profusion of research in Europe was as expected. Additionally, we found that in the past sixteen years, despite the increase in the number of articles published relating to climate change and plant phenology, the proportion of the research devoted to the tundra decreased over time. Our findings also indicate that more work is being done on plant phenology and climate change in lower latitudes. We suggest that the results of this analysis are due to three non‐insurmountable obstacles (access, expense, and complexity) and provide practical suggestions for increased investment in climate change and plant phenology research in the otherwise neglected Arctic tundra.
Using a final ecosystem goods and services approach to support policy analysis
Authors: Sinha Paramita , Ringold Paul , Van Houtven George , Krupnick Alan
Published: September 2018

Evaluating environmental policies requires estimating the impacts of policy‐induced changes on ecological and human systems. Drawing connections between biophysical and economic models is complex due to the multidisciplinary nature of the task and the lack of data. Further, time and resource constraints typically limit our ability to conduct original valuation studies to fit the specific policy context. Policy analysts thus rely on methods to transfer and adapt value estimates from existing studies. To conduct end‐to‐end policy analysis, assumptions are needed to make the linkages between ecological and valuation models as well as to conduct benefit transfers. This paper discusses an approach that can potentially help a policy analyst to minimize assumptions and identify appropriate caveats. This approach focuses on what human beings truly value from ecosystems, or, in other words, metrics of Final Ecosystem Goods and Services (FEGS). Our hypothesis is that the FEGS approach will help support policy analysis by drawing important linkages between ecological and economic models as well as by designing valuation studies that will be more conducive to benefit transfers. To examine this hypothesis, we use a selected set of existing valuation studies as case study examples, and we examine how the methods used in these studies compare with the FEGS approach. We find that the studies are not always consistent with the FEGS approach, in many cases due to data limitations. We illustrate ways in which using FEGS metrics can provide economists with a useful starting point for considering how the commodity can be defined and specified in the valuation study. Even if data limitations exist, a FEGS approach can help in determining whether the context in which the original study was conducted matches with the policy context. This can also help in determining the extent of uncertainty associated with the analysis and in providing transparent documentation that can be informative for policy makers.
Synchronous species responses reveal phenological guilds: implications for management
Authors: Browning Dawn M. , Crimmins Theresa M. , James Darren K. , Spiegal Sheri , Levi Matthew R. , Anderson John P. , Peters Debra P. C.
Published: September 2018

Phenological studies are critical for understanding the ability of terrestrial ecosystems to respond to changes in climate. Monitoring seasonal transitions at the species or community level across large areas is challenging and expensive. One approach for lowering costs is to identify phenological guilds—groups of species that exhibit similar timing of seasonal transitions—and limit monitoring to a smaller number of species within a guild. In this study, we evaluated 23 consecutive years of monthly observations of individual species at 15 long‐term study sites at the Jornada Basin USDA‐Long‐Term Ecological Research site to identify patterns in the onset of three phenophases—leaf‐out, flower, and fruit—of 16 widely occurring species in the arid southwestern United States and to investigate the existence of phenological guilds. We conducted univariate analyses of distributions in the timing of leaf, flower, and fruit production across time and space and multivariate cluster analysis of the time series to identify coherent groups of species–site instances that exhibit coherence in timing of phenophase onsets (i.e., guilds). The six species of C3 shrubs demonstrated greater consistency in timing of all phenophases relative to C4 grasses. Further, we found that in all species, leaf‐out occurred prior to the onset of the summer monsoon rains. Cluster analysis revealed six groups of species–site observations demonstrating high within‐year concordance in timing of leaf‐out and first fruit across variable site conditions and rainfall years. The six groups for timing of first fruit differed from those for first leaf in that they exhibited greater multi‐species membership and within‐year variability in timing. We propose that use of phenological guilds can improve the efficiency of ecosystem monitoring, predictive models of ecosystem cues driving phenological events, and land management outcomes.
Use of landscape simulation modeling to quantify resilience for ecological applications
Authors: Keane Robert E. , Loehman Rachel A. , Holsinger Lisa M. , Falk Donald A. , Higuera Philip , Hood Sharon M. , Hessburg Paul F.
Published: September 2018

Goals of fostering ecological resilience are increasingly used to guide U.S. public land management in the context of anthropogenic climate change and increasing landscape disturbances. There are, however, few operational means of assessing the resilience of a landscape or ecosystem. We present a method to evaluate resilience using simulation modeling. In this method, we use historical conditions (e.g., in North America, prior to European settlement), quantified using simulation modeling, to provide a comparative reference for contemporary conditions, where substantial departures indicate loss of resilience. Contemporary ecological conditions are compared statistically to the historical time series to create a resilience index, which can be used to prioritize landscapes for treatment and inform possible treatments. However, managing for resilience based on historical conditions is tenuous in the Anthropocene, which is characterized by rapid climate change, extensive human land use, altered disturbance regimes, and exotic species introductions. To account for the future variability of ecosystems resulting from climate and disturbance regime shifts, we augment historical simulations with simulations of ecosystem dynamics under projected climate and land use changes to assess the degree of departure from benchmark historical conditions. We use a mechanistic landscape model (FireBGCv2) applied to a large landscape in western Montana,USA, to illustrate the methods presented in this paper. Spatially explicit ecosystem modeling provides the vehicle to generate the historical and future time series needed to quantify potential resilience conditions associated with past and potential future conditions. Our methods show that given selection of a useful set of metrics, managers could use simulations like ours to evaluate potential future management directions.
Resilience and resistance in sagebrush ecosystems are associated with seasonal soil temperature and water availability
Authors: Roundy Bruce A. , Chambers Jeanne C. , Pyke David A. , Miller Richard F. , Tausch Robin J. , Schupp Eugene W. , Rau Ben , Gruell Trevor
Published: September 2018

Invasion and dominance of exotic grasses and increased fire frequency threaten native ecosystems worldwide. In the Great Basin region of the western United States, woody and herbaceous fuel treatments are implemented to decrease the effects of wildfire and increase sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystem resilience to disturbance and resistance to exotic annual grasses. High cover of the exotic annual cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) after treatments increases fine fuels, which in turn increases the risk of passing over a biotic threshold to a state of increased wildfire frequency and conversion to cheatgrass dominance. Sagebrush ecosystem resilience to wildfire and resistance to cheatgrass depend on climatic conditions and abundance of perennial herbaceous species that compete with cheatgrass. In this study, we used longer‐term data to evaluate the relationships among soil climate conditions, perennial herbaceous cover, and cheatgrass cover following fuel management treatments across the environmental gradients that characterize sagebrush ecosystems in the Great Basin. We examined the effects of woody and herbaceous fuel treatments on soil temperature, soil water availability (13–30 and 50 cm depths), and native and exotic plant cover on six sagebrush sites lacking piñon (Pinus spp.) or juniper (Juniperus spp.) tree expansion and 11 sagebrush sites with tree expansion. Both prescribed fire and mechanical treatments increased soil water availability on woodland sites and perennial herbaceous cover on some woodland and sagebrush sites. Prescribed fire also slightly increased soil temperatures and especially increased cheatgrass cover compared to no treatment and mechanical treatments on most sites. Non‐metric dimensional scaling ordination and decision tree partition analysis indicated that sites with warmer late springs and warmer and wetter falls had higher cover of cheatgrass. Sites with wetter winters and early springs (March–April) had higher cover of perennial herbs. Our findings suggest that site resistance to cheatgrass after fire and fuel control treatments decreases with a warmer and drier climate. This emphasizes the need for management actions to maintain and enhance perennial herb cover, such as implementing appropriate grazing management, and revegetating sites that have low abundance of perennial herbs in conjunction with fuel control treatments.
An I2O1 Barium Framework Derived from an In‐Situ Metal‐Assisted Ligand Transformation
Authors: Tarlas Georgios D. , Katsenis Athanassios D. , Papaefstathiou Giannis S.
Published: September 2018

The use of 4,4′‐[oxalylbis(azanediyl)]bis(2‐hydroxybenzoic acid) (H6L1) in the Ba2+ chemistry has afforded a 3D polymer, namely [Ba(H2L2)(H2O)]n (1), which is based on H2L22– anions derived by the in‐situ metal‐assisted transformation of H6L1. The neutral H4L2 [4‐(carboxyformamido)‐2‐hydroxybenzoic acid] ligand was isolated from 1 and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Polymer 1 is based on edge and face‐sharing BaO10 polyhedra which create an inorganic layer pillared to the third dimension by the organic ligands and has been classified as an I2O1 framework. The topological analysis of 1 provided an opportunity to introduce a method for the deconstruction of I2O1 frameworks by adopting principles applied in the deconstruction of Metal‐Organic‐Frameworks (MOFs) with rod Secondary Building Units (SBUs). A detailed discussion and insights for the proper use of the ImOn notation which finds application in describing the dimensionality in MOFs, is also provided.
Application of 1,3‐Dipolar Reactions between Azomethine Ylides and Alkenes to the Synthesis of Catalysts and Biologically Active Compounds
Authors: Arrastia Iosune , Arrieta Ana , Cossío Fernando P.
Published: September 2018

The (3+2) cycloaddition between azomethine ylides and alkenes is an efficient, convergent and stereocontrolled method for the synthesis of unnatural pyrrolidine and proline scaffolds. In this review, the application of this reaction to the synthesis of enantiopure organometallic ligands for asymmetric catalysis is presented first. These new EhuPhos ligands can participate in a second generation of 1,3‐dipolar reactions that generate an offspring of unnatural proline derivatives that behave as efficient organocatalysts. These densely substituted unnatural l‐proline derivatives exhibit distinct features, different to those described for natural l‐proline and its derivatives. Finally, several examples of biologically active proline derivatives obtained by means of (3+2) cycloadditions involving azomethine ylides are presented. These applications show the character of privileged structures of these polysubstituted pyrrolidine rings.
From Cyclic Ketimines to α‐Substituted Cyclic Amino Acids and their Derivatives: Influence of Ring Size and Substituents on Stability and Reactivity of Cyclic Aminonitriles
Authors: Voznesenskaia Natalia G. , Shmatova Olga. I. , Sosnova Anna A. , Nenajdenko Valentine G.
Published: September 2018

A general route to alpha‐substituted cyclic amino acids was elaborated. The approach is based on Strecker reaction with cyclic ketimines. The influence of ring size and substituent at the alpha‐position of cyclic ketimine on the hydrocyanation was studied. It was found that five‐membered aminonitriles have a tendency to eliminate HCN very easily, especially in the case of aryl‐substituted derivatives. A series of 5–7 membered amino nitriles with different substituents was prepared. Subsequent hydrolysis allows the preparation of alpha‐substituted pipecolic acids. In the case of seven‐membered derivatives, it was necessary to use a formylation‐hydrolysis sequence. Synthesis of alpha‐substituted prolines and their amides was elaborated starting from the corresponding five‐membered ketimines through a benzylation‐hydrolysis‐hydrogenation sequence.
Synthesis of Chromone‐Containing Allylmorpholines through a Morita–Baylis–Hillman‐Type Reaction
Authors: Chernov Nikita M. , Shutov Roman V. , Barygin Oleg I. , Dron Mikhail Y. , Starova Galina L. , Kuz'mich Nikolay N. , Yakovlev Igor P.
Published: September 2018

The first example of an unusual addition of chromone‐substituted acrylic acid to enamines is described. The process shows high versatility concerning both enamines and chromones. The reaction is catalyzed by tertiary amines and is highly likely of Morita–Baylis–Hillman‐type. The described compounds show combined moderate inhibitory action on BChE and antagonism towards NMDA receptors which makes them a perspective group for the development of anti‐Alzheimer drugs.
Direct Synthesis of Highly Substituted Cyclopentadienes and Derivatives from the Self‐Condensation of Renewable Ethyl Levulinate
Authors: Santos Camila S. , Burtoloso Antonio C. B.
Published: September 2018

Tri‐substituted cyclopentadienes and cyclopentanes, high‐value‐added compounds, are readily prepared from ethyl levulinate, a chemical platform easily obtained from biomass. Key steps involve coupling two molecules of ethyl levulinate in the presence of pyrrolidine, followed by a base‐catalyzed intramolecular aldol condensation, to provide a singly‐purified and easily derivatizable cyclopentadiene in almost 40 % isolated overall yield. Reaction conditions are mild, simple and employ green solvents such as ethanol and anisole. This method opens a new pathway to preparing complex molecules from renewable feedstocks.