bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Centre-ville et périphéries. Complémentarité ou concurrence commerciale ? (City center and suburban centers. Retail complementary or competition ?)
Authors: Metton Alain
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Pendant longtemps le schéma français de distribution urbaine a été dominé par l'effet de centrante qui induisait une dégradation progressive de la desserte commerciale du centre vers la périphérie. La révolution commerciale des années 70 correspond à l'émergence d'un dynamisme commercial périphérique qui s'est un moment cantonné dans une distribution complémentaire du centre-ville. Depuis quinze années, les bouleversements apportés au commerce de centre-ville par la création de zones piétonnières et de centres commerciaux, et les transformations du commerce périphérique, conduisent à une situation confuse de concurrence sur la ruine du commerce de proximité.
Une proto-industrialisation décalée : la ruralisation de la soierie lyonnaise dans la première moitié du XIXème siècle
Authors: Cayez Pierre
Published: June 2015

jonge meisjes die in de omgeving aangeworven worden, te werk gesteld worden tot zij trou wen. Daarna weven zij thuis verder. De auteur analyseert de oorzaken en de gevolgen voor de streek van deze rurale spreiding van de manuele en later gemechaniseerde weefgetouwen.
Modes de paiement et contrôle du travail dans les filatures de coton en France, 1750-1848
Authors: Reddy William
Published: June 2015

L'auteur analyse les procédés utilisés par les entrepreneurs pour contrôler la qualité du travail et l'assiduité de la main d'oeuvre dans la filature de coton de 1750 à 1848. Il décrit en détail un ensemble de règles et de pratiques : numérotage précis des fils, utilisation de dévidoirs de circonférence uniforme, retenue sur les salaires du prix de l'énergie et de la lumière qui garantissaient la discipline et la productivité des fileurs. Ceux-ci au sein même des fabriques n'étaient-ils par apparemment de petits producteurs indépendants, payés à la façon et aux pièces ? Les progrès continus des techniques et des équipements, la multiplication des conflits relatifs aux "tarifs" rendirent peu à peu ce système caduque et substituèrent à un modèle "commercial" de contrôle du travail, un modèle proprement "capitaliste" de surveillance et de rémunération de la main-d'oeuvre.
La formation de la classe ouvrière dans le Borinage au XVI ème et au début du XIXème siècle. Le cas de Wasmes et de Warquignies
Authors: Bougard Jean-Paul
Published: June 2015

The printing world, in France in the XIXth century, is characterized by the constitution, side by side with a sector remaining quite traditional, of new structures of production : the printing plants, whose prototype in Paris is the "Imprimerie Nationale". The study of the world of the printing industry workers first deals with a typology of these latter according to their skill, the importance of the plants they work in, etc... Then, one studies their working conditions, and, notably, the twofold problem of working time and wages. In the very heart of even the most integrated factories, the continuation of ancient habits permits a smoother transition from the traditional workshop to the new structures of the industry.
Notables de la région lilloise au seuil du XIXème siècle
Authors: Trénard Louis
Published: June 2015

in the "département du Nord" and especially in the Lille area, is to make a list of the newly created peers and the notabilities on the eve of the Revolution and to compare it with the list of the biggest tax-payers and that of the most important personalities established by the "préfets" of Napoléon. One can thus observe some promotions but also a great stability in spite of the revolutionary upheavals. Leading personalities of the business world slowly gain access to political functions.
PLGA nanoparticles as a platform for vitamin D-based cancer therapy
Authors: Ramalho Maria J , Loureiro Joana A , Gomes Bárbara , Frasco Manuela F , Coelho Manuel A N , Pereira M Carmo
Published: June 2015

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles were studied as drug delivery vehicles for calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D3. In vitro effects of calcitriol encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles were evaluated with respect to free calcitriol on human pancreatic cell lines, S2-013 and hTERT-HPNE, and the lung cancer cell line A549. Encapsulated calcitriol retained its biological activity, reducing the cell growth. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that encapsulation of calcitriol enhanced its inhibitory effect on cell growth at a concentration of 2.4 μM for the S2-013 cells (91%) and for A549 cells (70%) comparared to the free calcitriol results. At this concentration the inhibitory effect on nontumor cells (hTERT-HPNE) decreased to 65%. This study highlights the ability of PLGA nanoparticles to deliver vitamin D3 into cancer cells, with major effects regarding cancer cell cycle arrest and major changes in the cell morphological features.
Tenofovir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in HBV–HIV Coinfection: Results from the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database
Authors: Boettiger David C , Kerr Stephen , Ditangco Rossana , Chaiwarith Romanee , Li Patrick CK , Merati Tuti Parwati , Pham Thuy Thi Thanh , Kiertiburanakul Sasisopin , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Vonthanak Saphonn , Lee Christopher KC , Kinh Nguyen Van , Pujari Sanjay , Wong Wing Wai , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , Zhang Fujie , Yunihastuti Evy , Choi Jun Yong , Oka Shinichi , Ng Oon Tek , Kantipong Pacharee , Mustafa Mahiran , Ratanasuwan Winai , Durier Nicolas , Law Matthew ,   the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database
Published: June 2015

Background

The World Health Organization recommends HBV–HIV-coinfected individuals start antiretroviral therapy containing tenofovir. Here we describe first-line tenofovir use and treatment outcomes in coinfected patients in Asia.

Methods

HBV surface antigen positive patients enrolled in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database who started first-line antiretroviral therapy were included. Logistic regression adjusted for period of treatment initiation was used to determine factors associated with tenofovir use. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate factors associated with alanine transaminase levels and CD4+ T-cell count on treatment.

Results

There were 548 eligible patients, of whom 149 (27.2%) started tenofovir. Patients treated in high/high-middle income countries (odds ratio 4.4 versus low/low-middle, 95% CI 2.6, 7.4; P<0.001) and those with elevated baseline alanine transaminase (odds ratio 4.2 versus normal, 95% CI 2.4, 7.2; P<0.001) were more likely to receive tenofovir. Hepatitis C antibody positive patients (odds ratio 0.4 versus negative, 95% CI 0.2, 0.8; P=0.008) were less likely. In those starting antiretroviral therapy with elevated alanine transaminase, mean reduction after tenofovir initiation was 11.2 IU/l (95% CI 0.9, 21.6; P=0.034) lower compared with those using a non-tenofovir-based regimen although this did not significantly increase the chance of alanine transaminase normalization. Tenofovir use was not associated with a superior CD4+ T-cell response.

Conclusions

HBV–HIV-coinfected patients in Asia are most likely to receive tenofovir if they are treated in a high/high-middle income country, have elevated alanine transaminase levels and are hepatitis C antibody negative. Compared to other antiretroviral therapies, tenofovir-based regimens more effectively reduce liver inflammation in HBV–HIV-coinfection but do not result in superior CD4+ T-cell recovery.
Contrer ou promouvoir l’ethnicisation par les statistiques ?
Authors: Moulier-Boutang Yann , Selim Monique
Published: June 2015

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, les statistiques dites « ethniques » font l’objet en France d’un débat récurrent. Si elles aident à faire apparaître des contradictions et des inégalités centrales dans la société, elles sont une arme à double tranchant dans la mesure où elles entraînent également un effet de stigmatisation par l’assignation à une appartenance supposée communautaire non nécessairement revendiquée subjectivement. C’est peut-être en observant ce que se fait et se dit hors de France qu’on pourra mieux mesurer les effets comparés de ce dispositif profondément ambivalent.
Humanités numériques
Authors: Citton Yves
Published: June 2015

Cet article essaie de distinguer trois strates au sein de ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler « humanités numériques » ( hum num ) ou « humanités digitales ». Les hum num 1.0 font le travail concret de numérisation, balisage, reformatage, design d’interfaces en reprenant le plus souvent des corpus déjà identifiés et circonscrits. Les hum num 2.0 tirent de ce travail de numérisation l’opportunité de constituer de nouveaux corpus et d’expérimenter de nouvelles procédures et de nouvelles formes de collaboration, qui débordent et érodent les frontières entre les disciplines, comme entre l’université et ses dehors. Les hum num 3.0 essaient de comprendre comment les pratiques et savoirs constitués depuis des siècles autour des humanités peuvent nous aider à comprendre et à nous repérer dans les façons dont le numérique informe de plus en plus profondément nos modes de subjectivation.
La classe préparatoire intégrée de l’ÉNA mise au défi de compenser les inégalités des chances devant le concours externe
Authors: Edel Frédéric
Published: June 2015

Résumé Réservée à des candidats de conditions sociales modestes, la classe préparatoire intégrée de l’ÉNA est un dispositif qui participe à la lutte contre les inégalités sociales de chances d’accès à la haute fonction publique. S’appuyant sur une comparaison entre le profil de ses étudiants avec celui des autres centres de préparation ainsi que celui des élèves admis au concours externe de l’ÉNA, cette recherche tente de mesurer la réalité de ces inégalités, expose les moyens que cette préparation met en place pour tenter de les compenser et, pour finir, dresse un bilan. Si, comme on a pu le dire, la CPI de l’ÉNA consiste à « donner plus à ceux qui ont moins », cet article apporte une réponse à la question de savoir en quoi ses bénéficiaires ont « moins » et en quoi le dispositif qui leur est réservé leur octroie « plus » pour espérer réussir le concours externe.
Améliorer la gestion externalisée des systèmes d’information publics
Authors: Christophle Paul
Published: June 2015

Résumé La place de l’informatique dans le fonctionnement du service public, tant dans sa gestion interne que dans ses relations avec les usagers, devient de plus en plus centrale. L’externalisation forte de ce service est justifiée par plusieurs facteurs qui ne sont pas tous légitimes, et aboutit à une gestion souvent difficile des systèmes et à une maîtrise des coûts discutables. Ces constatations doivent encourager les inflexions qui ont pour objectif d’améliorer la gestion de cette externalisation.
A validated approach for collecting fine-wire electromyographic recordings in four canine shoulder muscles during highly dynamic tasks
Authors: Cullen K.L. , Dickey J.P. , Brown S.H.M. , Nykamp S.G. , Bent L.R. , Thomason J.J. , Moens N.M.M.
Published: June 2015

This study investigated the feasibility of obtaining ultrasound-guided intramuscular fine-wire electromyographic (fEMG) recordings from four canine shoulder muscles during highly dynamic activities. Four cadaveric canines were utilised to confirm the appropriate anatomical landmarks and the use of real time ultrasound guidance for electrode placement for four shoulder muscles: Biceps Brachii (BB), Supraspinatus (SP), Infraspinatus (IF), and Triceps Brachii – Long Head (TBLH). Electromyographic activity of the left BB, S P, IF, and TBLH was then recorded in two research dogs while walking and trotting to refine the data collection procedures. Finally, the full experimental protocol was piloted with two client-owned, specially-trained agility dogs, confirming the feasibility of collecting fEMG recordings while performing dynamic, highly-specific agility-related tasks and verifying our EMG amplitude normalisation protocol to enable comparisons across muscles and performance tasks. We present specific guidelines regarding the placement of fEMG electrodes and data collection/normalisation procedures to enable investigations of muscle activation during dynamic activities.
From Competitive Agility to Competitive Leapfrogging
Authors: Ndlovu Tabani , Mariussen Anastasia
Published: June 2015

While there is consensus that sustainable competitive advantage is key for organisational survival, the source of such advantage has been attributed to a number of disparate areas. Some scholars have suggested that human and financial resources as well as Research and Development (R&D) activities improve organisations' competitiveness. Others have argued that firms need to focus on competitive agility and the speed with which they respond to their marketing environments. This chapter makes two controversial propositions. First, it postulates that much of what used to be sources of competitive advantage (e.g., stable employment environments, low turnover) can now in fact be what makes organisations stale and uncompetitive. Second, it puts forth a notion of competitive leapfrogging and argues that an important source of competitive advantage is the ability to bypass competition either by skipping the stages in the development paths of the forerunners or by taking significant leaps forward and embracing futuristic concepts.
Drivers of Global Competitiveness and Economic Growth
Authors: Farinha Luìs , Gouveia Joaquim Borges , Nunes Sara
Published: June 2015

This chapter focuses on the issue of global competitiveness of the economies, based on the dimensions analyzed by the World Economic Forum in assessing the economic competitiveness of a large sample of countries. From the different stages of development of the countries, the study aims to help us to understand what pillars contribute most to the global competitiveness. Results based on structural equation model show what dimensions within each economic development stage best explain the competitiveness, helping us to realize even the performance achieved by the most advanced economies. Understanding the association of factor groups, pillars and related items, and levels of competitiveness may help academics to conduct new studies, as well as politicians in the definition of intervention priorities.
Transforming Crises into Opportunities to Generate Sustainable Business in Brazil
Authors: d'Angelo Marcia Juliana , Brunstein Janette , Mainardes Emerson Wagner
Published: June 2015

Meeting the sustainable development complex requirements in a scenario, which involves multiple social actors, relationships, contexts, and interests, has demanded new business models. Thus, this chapter discusses how one of the largest companies in Latin America's chemical segment formed a network with 23 social actors and has built a Corporate Social Entrepreneurship model to deal with the dialectic between return on investments for its shareholders and benefits for its stakeholders. Research was conducted based on Boje's narrative analysis. The data was built through interviews, informal conversations, textual and audiovisual documents, and non-participant observation. The chapter describes the Corporate Social Entrepreneurship model's elements and in this manner contributes to the discussion of the role of Academia, Industry, and Government in entrepreneurship.
Regional Innovation Systems in Centralised States
Authors: Cooke Philip
Published: June 2015

The chapter explores the processes by which regional administrations displaying various statutory capabilities and weaknesses have demonstrated accomplishment, creativity, and innovativeness in the face of having to operate in centralised, relatively un-devolved, and non-federal national states. The focus is on a few exemplars of creative regional policy activity from contrasting regional settings in Sweden and Portugal in pursuit of improved innovation accomplishment drawn entirely from the apparently ever-centralising EU. A key reason for this is that in the EU all regions receiving regional assistance from Brussels were required in 2013 to draw up Regional Innovation Strategies if they were to qualify for regional resource transfers from Brussels. So these and other regions are behaving, in innovation terms, according to a logic of uniform rules from both Brussels and their own centralised states. They are thus doubly constrained in their quest for regional innovation policy assistance but their responses display enormous variety and creativity. The chapter proceeds by, first, outlining the rules of the RIS3 then, second, theorising ongoing processes. In the third and fourth sections, there is concentration on regional innovation policy formation in Sweden and Portugal, with preliminary drawing of contrasts and comparisons. Then, in the final section, a brief discussion and conclusions profile can be found.
Knowledge Intensive Business Services and Regional Policy
Authors: Potter Jonathan , Martinez-Fernandez Cristina
Published: June 2015

The economic importance of the Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS) sector is increasing as its direct share of production grows, and as it increasingly provides knowledge inputs to firms in other sectors within more open innovation strategies. This chapter considers the implications for regional policy. It starts by discussing the nature of KIBS and their role in innovation. It then examines the changing scale of KIBS and the extent to which they are regionally concentrated. Key messages from neoclassical growth theory are then set out on the processes through which KIBS can be expected to contribute to regional economic growth, including discussion of potential cumulative causation processes at regional level. The implications of the theory are drawn out in terms of the types of market failures that policy should seek to address and how it may do so. The question is also posed of whether this is largely a field for regional policy or for national innovation policy. The chapter concludes by identifying some important questions for further research.
The Biotechnology System in Oxfordshire
Authors: Smith Helen Lawton , Romeo Saverio
Published: June 2015

This chapter aims to bring together an understanding of the dynamics of the growth of sectoral systems and of their performance. These two approaches are combined to examine the evolution over time of the biotechnology system of innovation in Oxfordshire in the South East of the UK. It addresses the research questions of what are the key features of this local sectoral system and what are local strengths and weaknesses? A European Union FP7 HealthTies project (2011-13) has been a key source of data for this chapter.
Harnessing Externalities to Enhance Competitiveness in an Industrial Cluster
Authors: Jesselyn Mary , Mitchell Bruce
Published: June 2015

This chapter investigates the effects networks have on the acquisition of external economies. The objectives of this chapter include determining if businesses located in clusters are benefitting from external economies and identifying the extent to which these firms are using their networks in accessing these external economies. Six SME business owners were interviewed. They form part of an automotive manufacturing network based in Port Elizabeth in South Africa. The researchers used content analysis and pattern matching to analyse the data. The findings indicate that the entrepreneurs interviewed were all using their networks to gain external economies. They used networks to gain technology spillovers in the form of information on new trends and processes in the industry and highlighted the fact that the network contacts provided opportunistic information. The study also found that some of the entrepreneurs used their network to source skilled employees from the pooled labour market and obtain specialized services and input.
What are the Most Critical Factors for Competitiveness of a Tourism Destination?
Authors: Estevão Cristina Maria dos Santos , Garcia Ana Rita Baptista , Filipe Sara Margarida Isidoro Frade de Brito
Published: June 2015

Despite the diversity of studies in competitiveness, thus far there has been little research aimed at capturing and measuring the effects of different factors of competitiveness in the tourism sector. This research, based upon the cross-referencing of primary and secondary data, pioneers the identification of the different facets contributing towards tourism sector competitiveness through proposing and implementing a new tourism competitiveness model. Additionally, the authors explore which factors contribute most and are susceptible to leveraging the competitiveness of tourism destinations by tourism region. They conclude that the competitiveness of a specific tourism destination depends on a combination of various dimensions and factors with direct and indirect relationships and influences according to the characteristics of the respective tourism region. Some implications and future challenges are also set out.
Innovation in Public Health Care Institutions
Authors: Paço Arminda
Published: June 2015

The increasing importance of environmental sustainability for all society and for healthcare systems in particular is unquestionable. Thus, in recent years, hospitals and health centres began to arm themselves with techniques and equipment to reduce environmental impact, because it was found that these institutions contributed greatly to environmental deterioration. This chapter seeks to present the creation and implementation of an environmental sustainability programme in a hospital focused on saving energy and water resources, demonstrating that there are economic and competitive opportunities behind the environmental improvements. This would allow the hospital to become more competitive and to become the first green hospital in Portugal. The focus of the chapter is the study of attitudes and behaviours of staff regarding to the environmental sustainability campaign followed by the hospital.
Entrepreneurship across Regions
Authors: Jing Su , Qinghua Zhai , Landström Hans
Published: June 2015

Entrepreneurship is an emerging research field that received an increased worldwide scholarly attention during the last few decades. Although the field is still dominated by scholars in the US and Europe, researchers in other parts of the world are exhibiting a growing interest. Based on the globalization of entrepreneurship research over the last decades, this book chapter aims to understand the international picture of entrepreneurship research by focusing on the US, Europe and emerging economies around East Asia. We attempt to address the following questions: What characterizes entrepreneurship research in different regions? What are the similarities and differences among entrepreneurship research in different regions? How can the similarities and differences be explained? To answer these questions, bibliometric analysis is utilized. The analysis of publications in Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) shows that: on the one hand, similarities exist in entrepreneurship research in different regions. Scholars have common interests in certain research topic, especially theoretical ones; on the other hand, there are also differences across regions. Different contextual environments still govern what issues to research.
Personal and Firm Drivers of Export Entrepreneurship
Authors: Navarro-García Antonio , Arenas-Gaitán Jorge , Rondán-Cataluña F. Javier
Published: June 2015

This research has two main objectives. Firstly, this research contributes to defining the concept of export entrepreneurship from a theoretical point of view, and this is a contribution taking into account the scarce and fragmented literature published about this topic. Furthermore, the authors explain export entrepreneurship dimensions – speed, degree, and scope. Thirdly, we empirically analyze the internal drivers of export entrepreneurship from the resource-based view—RBV—and the Schwartz' value approach. A conceptual model is proposed and tested with a multi-sectorial sample of 212 Spanish exporting companies. The results reveal that export entrepreneurship is positively affected by internal factors, such as export commitment, managers value, and experiential and structure resources. The results offer academic and managerial contributions for the field of export activities.
The Roles of International Entrepreneurship and Organizational Innovation in SMEs
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: June 2015

This chapter reveals the roles of international entrepreneurship and organizational innovation in SMEs, thus describing the concepts of international entrepreneurship and organizational innovation; the importance of entrepreneurial marketing in SMEs; the significance of internationalization in SMEs; the significance of Information Technology (IT) in SMEs; and the significance of international entrepreneurship and organizational innovation in market performance. The implementation of international entrepreneurship and organizational innovation is essential for SMEs that seek to serve suppliers and customers, increase market performance, reinforce competitiveness, and achieve stable success in SMEs. Therefore, it is necessary for SMEs to examine their international entrepreneurship and organizational innovation applications, establish a strategic plan, and immediately respond to the international entrepreneurship and organizational innovation needs of customers in SMEs. Applying the international entrepreneurship and organizational innovation in SMEs will greatly improve market performance and gain sustainable competitive advantage in modern business.
Internationalisation Strategies of Latvia Entrepreneurs
Authors: Sauka Arnis , Auza Laima
Published: June 2015

By exploring the entrepreneurial patterns of ‘born globals', this chapter aims to explore the international market entry modes as well as develop recommendations for an international expansion strategy for companies attempting to enter global markets. Empirically chapter draws on the four case studies of born globals that originates from Latvia. The companies are: Stenders- manufacturer of natural bath and cosmetics; Munio Candela- handcrafted candle manufacturer; Primekss - industrial flooring manufacturer; and manufacturer of premium jeans wear Trousers London. We explore the international pathways of these companies focusing on general characteristics of these firms, target market and foreign entry modes selection. Finding of this study might be relevant both to companies that are on their way to develop strategy for international expansion as well as policy makers in order to make informed decision on investments to support international orientation of local SMEs.
Entrepreneurial Finance and the Creation of Value
Authors: Wirtz Peter
Published: June 2015

The O.M. Scott case study published in 1989 has come to be a classic in modern corporate finance. High leverage traditionally appears as a strong incentive to refrain from sub-optimal investment behavior by self-interested managers. Thus reducing managerial agency cost has been considered as an essential driver of enhanced value in much of financial modeling. The present chapter attempts a somewhat different, albeit complementary, mainly resource based interpretation of the very rich empirical material contained in Baker and Wruck's description of the Scott-LBO. In fact, a close reading of the case suggests that the observed significant increase in operating performance post-LBO is to a great extent the consequence of yet unexplored cognitive changes induced by the private equity firm leading the operation. One may hypothesize that concepts of cognitive value and cognitive cost are relevant to entrepreneurial finance, especially in the case of funding highly innovative young ventures.
Enhancing the Formation and Implementation of Sustainability Strategies Using the Balanced Scorecard
Authors: Fülöp Gyula , Hernádi Bettina H. , Jalali Marjan S. , Meidutė-Kavaliauskienė Ieva , Ferreira Fernando A. F.
Published: June 2015

Given the strategic challenges of the 21st century, it becomes fundamental to determine strategic alternatives for sustainability. This chapter aims to contribute to the successful formation and implementation of corporate strategies for sustainability and business excellence, through the development and application of an extended Balanced Scorecard (BSC), which includes the social and environmental perspectives. We outline the structure for a Sustainability Balanced Scorecard (SBSC) as well as the steps required for its development. Elements for each of the different sustainability strategies of the SBSC are proposed and, finally, a case study of the formation and introduction of a “credible” sustainability strategy in the chemical industry is presented. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the SBSC in pursuing sustainability strategies, and provide evidence that the introduction of such a system is likely to lead to fundamental changes in the way a company is managed. Practical implications and managerial guidelines are also presented.
Strategy Formulation and Organizational Structure in SMEs
Authors: Shiraishi Guilherme de Farias , Barbosa Saulo Dubard
Published: June 2015

One of the biggest challenges faced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) concerns the capacity of the entrepreneur to formulate strategies within a formal organizational structure. Very often, important knowledge about the business remains solely in the deeper levels of the entrepreneur's mind and cannot be accessed by any stakeholder. As a result, many of the good ideas that entrepreneurs have end up dying with them. This hinders business growth, business model replication, and successful succession in family businesses and SME's in general. Therefore, it is important to investigate ways to structure within the firm the strategies generated in the entrepreneur's mind, in order to prepare SMEs for growth and long-term sustainability, above and beyond the minds, hands, and lives of their founders. Our chapter explores this general theme by offering methodological insights on how to extract and formalize the tacit knowledge coming from SME founders. We focus on the formulation of strategies based on the marketing knowledge and life experience of the entrepreneur.
Co-Creating Brand Value through Social Commerce
Authors: Wang Yichuan , Hajli Nick
Published: June 2015

This chapter looks at the opportunities of social commerce for branding. The chapter examines social commerce constructs and their impact on brand development. The results of this empirical study show that both social factors and social commerce constructs have positive effects on co-creating brand value intention. This study also highlights the moderating effect of privacy concern between social commerce constructs and co-creating brand value. Contribution of this chapter is the combination of social media, social commerce, and social support in branding strategies, which produce co-creating brand value strategies. The chapter also provides practical implications for the market to develop co-creating brand value strategies through social commerce.
Understanding Customers' Behaviour through Web Data Mining Models
Authors: Veglio Valerio
Published: June 2015

Companies have realized that the customer knowledge contained in web marketing database represent one of the main key to forecast business performance in today's competitive landscape. Appropriate web data mining models are one the best supporting approach to make different marketing decision. Analysing and understanding in advance customers' behaviour can represent the main corporation's strength in planning marketing forecasting. This research want to demonstrate as predictive web data mining models are accurate patterns in predicting marketing performance compared to traditional statistical methods in global business. In addition, particular attention is paid on the identification of the main marketing drivers performed by potential customers before purchasing a given service online. Finally, the criteria based on the loss functions confirm the high predictive power of the web data mining models in detecting the probability of customer conversion.
Social Network Analysis Visualization
Authors: Shanmugam Mohana , Jusoh Yusmadi Yah , Nor Rozi Nor Haizan , Jabar Marzanah A.
Published: June 2015

The social network surge has become a mainstream subject of academic study in a myriad of disciplines. This chapter posits the social network literature by highlighting the terminologies of social networks and details the types of tools and methodologies used in prior studies. The list is supplemented by identifying the research gaps for future research of interest to both academics and practitioners. Additionally, the case of Facebook is used to study the elements of a social network analysis. This chapter also highlights past validated models with regards to social networks which are deemed significant for online social network studies. Furthermore, this chapter seeks to enlighten our knowledge on social network analysis and tap into the social network capabilities.
Sports Marketing and Social Media
Authors: Mohammadkazemi Reza
Published: June 2015

In this chapter, we are going to focus on the impact of Social media to change the marketing world in every industry. Social media marketing (SMM) has had a particular impact in the field of sports marketing. Social media in sports has effectively rendered a new style of communication with important implications for the field. The fans' connection to sports is changing and social media is creating a whole new channel for the fans to interact and be a part of the action beyond that which they may hope to achieve by physically being present at the stadium or the ballpark. Sports organizations today are reliant upon social media for their continued success and growth. This chapter describes how social media is being used amongst sports organizations and how it has changed the sports industry.
Social Media Marketing
Authors: Nadda Vipin K. , Dadwal Sumesh Singh , Firdous Azmat
Published: June 2015

This chapter provides an insight of contemporary developments in social media marketing with special reference to the emergence of online technology and its influence upon various marketing operations. The information flow through the introduction of the concept of social Media involving the synthesis of sociology and technology and creating an environment on the internet where people share experiences with each other and develop networks followed by analysis of its three main components (Publishing Technology for Everyone, Information Diffusion, and Relationship Building) highlighting its various dimensions. Further, it leads to discussion about Social Media Marketing becoming a latest and popular trend as a digital platform for social interaction between virtual communities. Next section details main social media platforms, their rankings, features, corresponding strategic actions followed by advantages and challenges for organisations using Social Media for Marketing.
Ethical Research Methods and Practice in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Anyansi-Archibong Chi
Published: June 2015

The growing record of unethical and socially irresponsible behavior among people of all ages and in all walks of life is a major concern for society at large. With advancements in technology and globalization these concerns have intensified, become more diverse and complex, and transcended national borders. This introductory chapter examines both the philosophical views of ethics and the contemporary issues surrounding research methods and practice. The chapter explores and summaries major contemporary issues in research methods and practice such as media research, cyber ethics, patents/trademark violations, collaborations, privacy issues, as well as the implications for both the micro and macro levels of the society. In addition to identifying the existing ethical concerns in research and practice, the final section sets the scene for discussions from the contributing authors and proposes recommendations and the need to address these ethical issues at all levels including research institutions, for-profit/not-for-profit organizations such as the United Nations and professional organizations.
Prospects and Challenges of Teaching Religious Ethics in Nigerian Universities
Authors: Awajiusuk Finomo Julia
Published: June 2015

Human societies are quickly drifting into serious moral decadence as various ills are plaguing the world. This situation makes the teaching of religious ethics, the academic discipline that studies the morality of human act based on the tenets of various religions, a necessity. In some parts of the world, the teaching of religious ethics is booming. Unfortunately, the opposite is the case in Nigeria. Teachers of religious ethics are few in the country. This chapter investigates the reason behind this unpopularity of religious ethics as an academic discipline in Nigerian universities. The chapter exposes in great measure challenges facing teachers of religious ethics in Nigerian universities. To do this, the author employs the phenomenological approach of religious studies. The author also draws insights from religious ethics and cultural hermeneutics. The author recommends that the teaching of religious ethics in Nigerian universities should be encouraged through provision of scholarships and research grants.
A Context Transfer Model for Secure Handover in WiMAX/LTE Integrated Networks
Authors: Edward E. Prince
Published: June 2015

One of the recent research issues in IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) based heterogeneous internetworking environment is to provide secure handover when a mobile node (MN) moves between different access networks. Various security schemes are available in literature but most of the schemes provide security but degrades the Quality of Service (QoS). The objective of this work is to provide secure and efficient handover in an IMS based Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave access (WiMAX)/ Long Term Evolution (LTE) integrated networks by using the proposed Secure Context Transfer Model (SCTM). New Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) messages are introduced in the proposed SCTM for transferring the context securely from old Proxy-Call session control function (P-CSCF) server to new P-CSCF server during handover. SCTM is verified using NS-2 simulator and analyzed based on Queuing theory. The results show that when compared with previous approaches, SCTM shows an improvement of 23% in terms of handover delay and packet loss providing security and guaranteed QoS to mobile users.
Improving the Security of Storage Systems
Authors: Awad Wasan Shaker , Abdullah Hanin Mohammed
Published: June 2015

Developing security systems to protect the storage systems are needed. The main objective of this paper is to study the security of file storage server of an organization. Different kinds of security threats and a number of security techniques used to protect information will be examined. Thus, in this paper, an assessment plan for evaluating cyber security of local storage systems in organizations is proposed. The assessment model is based on the idea of cyber security domains and risk matrix. The proposed assessment model has been implemented on two prestigious and important organizations in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Storage systems of the assessed organizations found to have cyber security risks of different scales. This conclusion gives certainty to the fact that organizations are not capable of following the cyber security evolution and secure their storage systems from cyber security vulnerabilities and breaches. Organizations with local storage systems can improve the cyber security of their storage systems by applying certain techniques.
A Feasibility Study on Co-Processing of Soil Contaminated with Heavy Metals in Cement Kilns
Authors: Li Ye Qing , Wang Huan Zhong , Zhang Jiang , Yu Song Bai , Miao Wen Juan
Published: June 2015

The national general survey manifests that the Chinese soil is suffering from serious contamination, mainly arising from heavy metals (HM). Due to the large amount of heavy metal waste, many researchers have performed the feasibility studies on co-processing this kind of waste in cement kilns. In this paper, we review these results from the perspectives of national standards, the crystal structure of clinker, and the volatility of metals in cement kiln system. The crystal structure of clinker mineral offers physical possibility for the solidification of HM atoms. The volatility studies also indicate that most of the metals will not emit from the kiln system. For the incorporated metals in clinker, their release ratio is very low, and the leaching HM atoms can be immediately enclosed by the cement hydration products. Based on these theoretical results, we measured the HM in the raw materials and in the cement product for 1 year in a cement plant. The bag filter dust contained high level of Tl with an average of 219.30 ppm. The other metals were almost solidified by the clinker. With the vaporization of Tl in the raw materials, the circulation pattern causes the accumulation and buildup of Tl in the system. The incorporation capacity of clinker on HM is predicted in this paper, but the incorporation ratio of HM from contaminated soil, the circulation pattern of HM in cement kiln system, and the emission of HM is currently not clear and further work is in progress.
Research Progress in Enhancement Technology of Phytoremediation
Authors: Liu Yi Yun , Cui Shuang , Han Qing , Zhang Qian Ru
Published: June 2015

Due to the influence of human, industrial and agricultural activity, a large amount of toxic and harmful heavy metal enter into the soil environment. Heavy metal can easily bio-accumulate through food chain, which cause serious damage to human health. Phytoremediation emerges as a new technology in exploration of effective methods for remediation and rebuild of heavy metal contaminated soils. Although phytoremediation shows great potential in remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil, there still exists many problems in practical application. This article analysis the problems existing in phytoremediation, summarizes the research progress of the technology in application from all the perspective of phytoremediation processes.
Estimating Non-Methane Organic Compound Emission Factor for Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Authors: Zhang Yuan Yuan , Zhang Jian , Zhang Yu
Published: June 2015

Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMOCs) are important precursors of the photochemical reactions which produce ozone and secondary organic aerosols. An accurate emission inventory is essential for air-quality simulations and policy making. The NMOC emission from landfill is an important sector in the anthropogenic source. When estimating anthropogenic NMOC inventory the emission factor for refuse disposal originates from the European study or the estimation for this sector is discarded due to no other referenced data. This research is reviewed the NMOC yields from refuse landfill and the emission factor is from 0.0775 to 3.7625 kg/t. Besides, this paper was particularly concerned with correction of the emission factor by estimating the effects of waste characteristics and the various technologies for landfill. Compared NMOC yields under anaerobic and aerobic conditions for each kind of wastes, only the difference for food waste was obvious.
Research on Screw-Extrusion Dehydration Technology and Equipment in Recycling Process of Urban Garbage
Authors: Zhang He Rui , Zhang Bing
Published: June 2015

As new and efficient dehydration technology and equipment needs to be applied to the recycling of Chinese urban garbage urgently, this study discusses the differences and similarities between spiral-extrusion and screw-extrusion physical model on dehydration technology. Based on the research on screw-extrusion dehydration technology, the factors that affect dehydration production volume and efficiency of urban garbage’s recycling have been analyzed. Using screw-extrusion theoretical model, the paper further discusses the influence of some parameters such as operation factors, geometric structure and urban garbage’s material performance. Finally, experiment research is made to examine the screw-extrusion theoretical model. The results show that appropriate screw speed can balance the production volume and dehydration efficiency. The main factors of geometric parameters are screw diameter, screw groove depth and helix angle, and all of these three factors can influence dehydration output and efficiency.
Nanowaste Management Policy in the Capital City, Mongolia
Authors: Gantsolmon Khulan , Choijantsan Enkhjargal , Danihai Enkhsaikhan , Bayarsaikhan Khulan , Byambadorj Battuvshin , Ganjuurjav Erdenebayasgalan , Duvjir Suvd , Surenjav Unursaikhan
Published: June 2015

Nanotechnology is intensively developing and is mostly introduced in renewable energy, cosmetics, nanomedicine, electricity and electronics thereby increasing amount of nanowaste has been challenging issue in the world. However waste management policy in Mongolia has incomplete, nanowaste regulation has to be embedded in order to protect environment and human health. Because environmental and health impact of nanomaterial is still open field for researchers. The main objectives of this study are to introduce test results of some nanomaterials, and to evaluate waste including nanowaste management policy in Mongolia. 21 nanomaterials were tested by X-Ray Diffraction analysis, Cross Correlation Analysis and the Ames test. As a result, physical sizes of 5 nanomaterials were measured at less than 100 nm, and all samples were non-mutagenic. In conclusion, the registration of imported goods in Mongolia needs to be improved in high technology products and safety data sheet for nanomaterial is necessary due to sound disposal of hazardous waste.
Optimum Position of Air Injection in Aerobic and Anaerobic Refuse Lysimeters
Authors: Jiao Gang Zhen , Zhang Lei , Zhao You Cai , Ma Jian Li
Published: June 2015

In order to determine the optimum air injection craftwork for the aerobic-anaerobic landfill method, three pilot-scale lysimeters were constructed. Through experiment in the lysimeters, it was concluded that air injection at bottom layer (in this research it’s 2.5 m) is the optimum position in terms of improving on the solid organic matters stabilization, amelioration on leachate quality, the restraint of GHE (Green House Effect) by CH4. For instance, air injected at bottom layer may get more TOC minimization in leachate under lower temperature (-4-10°C) and high temperature (20-35°C) compared with other conditions. NH4+-N content expressed similar advantages with air injected at bottom layer case. Meanwhile, accompanied with the high dissolved oxygen (DO) and higher TOC consumption in leachate, aerobic fermentation was activated in this case, and most organic carbon was transformed in term of CO2, in which the goal of restraint on GHE was realized. On basis of mechanism assumption, mathematical model was developed and according to the simulated results for 5 years, air injected at 2.5 m achieved improvements on stabilization of solid phase organic carbon and nitrogen for 34 % and 13 %, amelioration on leachate quality for 35 % and 62 % of TOC and T-N, and the restraint of GHE for 14 times compared with no air injection case.
Extraction of Lead from Spent Leaded Glass in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Zhang Cheng Long , Zhuang Li Li , Li Ying Shun , Yuan Wen Yi , Wang Jing Wei , Bai Jian Feng
Published: June 2015

This study evaluates the efficiency of lead (Pb) extraction from spent leaded glass in strongly alkaline solution after mechanical activation in a planetary ball mill as the chemical breakage and defects formed in the inner structures will contribute to the easy dissolution of the activated leaded glass. The influence of rotate speed and time of mechanical activation, NaOH concentrations, leaching temperature, phase ratios (v/w) had been studied. More than 78% of Pb extraction can be achieved after mechanical activation, compared with 3.5% Pb extraction for chemical leaching of non-activated samples. High purity lead powder can be obtained by electrowinning from the leaching solution. The Pb-depleted solution can be recycled into the leaching step. Thus, a novel hydrometallurgical process for recovering Pb from spent leaded glass in alkaline solution is proposed.