bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High electroactive material loading on a carbon nanotube/carbon nanofiber as an advanced free-standing electrode for asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Zhou Yongsheng , Zhu Yingchun , Xu Bingshe , Zhang Xueji
Published: March 2019

3D hierarchical nanocomposites always lead to excellent electrochemical properties.
Two-dimensional magnetic materials of cobalt(ii) triangular lattices constructed by a mixed benzimidazole–dicarboxylate strategy
Authors: Kong Jiao-Jiao , Jiang Yu-Xuan , Zhang Jia-Chen , Shao Dong , Huang Xing-Cai
Published: March 2019

Herein, three two-dimensional magnetic materials of cobalt(ii) coordination polymers with triangular lattices were synthesized using a mixed benzimidazole–dicarboxylate strategy.
Redesign and engineering of a dioxygenase targeting biocatalytic synthesis of 5-hydroxyl leucine
Authors: Sun Dengyue , Gao Dengke , Liu Xin , Zhu Menglu , Li Chao , Chen Ying , Zhu Zhangliang , Lu Fuping , Qin Hui-Min
Published: March 2019

The protein engineering and metabolic engineering strategies are performed to solve rate-limiting steps in the biosynthesis of 5-HLeu.
Multi-energy calibration for the determination of non-metals by high-resolution continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry
Authors: Vieira Alan L. , Gonçalves Daniel A. , Virgilio Alex , Ferreira Edilene C. , Jones Bradley T. , Donati George L. , Gomes Neto José A.
Published: March 2019

Spectra of diatomic molecules are rich in fine structures which may be used for different analytical applications in high-resolution continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS MAS).
Chiral self-sorting behaviour of [2.2]paracyclophane-based bis(pyridine) ligands
Authors: Anhäuser J. , Puttreddy R. , Lorenz Y. , Schneider A. , Engeser M. , Rissanen K. , Lützen A.
Published: March 2019

[2.2]Paracyclophane-based bis(pyridine) ligands form dinuclear complexes upon coordination to palladium(ii) ions, however, with distinct differences concerning their chiral self-sorting ability.
A novel and facile synthesis of visible photoluminescence Si nanocrystals by room temperature mechanochemical disproportionation of SiO
Authors: Xin Yunzi , Xu Yuping , Lee Jeongbin , Shirai Takashi
Published: March 2019

Visible photoluminescence Si nanocrystals (Si NCs) are synthesized via a novel and facile room temperature mechanochemical disproportionation of SiO.
All-solid-state supercapacitors using a highly-conductive neutral gum electrolyte
Authors: Yu Nengsheng , Wang Xiaona , Zhang Silan , Zeng Sha , Zhang Yongyi , Di Jiangtao , Li Qingwen
Published: March 2019

A highly-conductive neutral gum electrolyte was used for all-solid-state supercapacitors with outstanding electrochemical performance at temperatures between −15 °C to 100 °C.
A “ship-in-a-bottle” strategy to fabricate highly crystallized nanoporous graphitic C3N4 microspheres under pressurized conditions
Authors: Si Yinsong , Sun Zongzhao , Huang Limin , Chen Min , Wu Limin
Published: March 2019

Highly crystallized nanoporous g-C3N4 microspheres were obtained by confined thermal polymerization of the precursor inside hollow silica microspheres under a pressurized atmosphere.
Non-covalent cross-linking to boost the stability and permeability of graphene-oxide-based membranes
Authors: Ran Jin , Chu Chengquan , Pan Ting , Ding Liang , Cui Peng , Fu Cen-Feng , Zhang Chuan-Ling , Xu Tongwen
Published: March 2019

Non-covalent cross-linking is effective in boosting the stability and permeability of graphene-oxide-based membranes.
Tunable waveguide‐to‐microstrip transition for W‐band antenna
Authors: Dewantari Aulia , Kim Jaeheung , Jeon Se‐Yeon , Kim Sumin , Ka Min‐Ho
Published: March 2019

At millimetre‐wave frequencies, the discrepancy between simulation and measurement comes from the relative permittivity tolerance and fabrication tolerance. This discrepancy can mainly cause resonant frequency shift. A tunable waveguide‐to‐microstrip transition for the W‐band antenna is proposed to overcome this discrepancy. A typical transition consists of a microstrip probe on a substrate and a waveguide back short in a fixed structure. The tunability has been designed by making a movable back short through WR‐10 waveguide. This design can change the back‐short distance mechanically to tune resonant frequency. The tunability of this design has been verified with a W‐band substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) slot array radar antenna.
Modified CORPS beamforming network with null‐steering capability
Authors: Saliani Nima , Bemani Mohammad , Kazemi Hossein
Published: March 2019

This article proposes CORPS beamforming network (BFNs) with both beam and null steering capability. All simulation results are presented for scannable mono‐beam configuration but it can be extended to the multi‐beam system. Complex inputs are optimised by means of the PSO algorithm to get the array factor with the desired characteristics that are side lobe level (SLL), directivity (D), and null depth. All sub‐blocks of the BFN are designed in the centre frequency of 2.4 GHz.
Ultra‐wideband low‐loss transition for the SIW to the SICL
Authors: Tao Ming‐cui , Wu Yi‐wen , Jiang Zhengbo , Hao Zhang‐cheng
Published: March 2019

An ultra‐wideband low‐loss transition for the substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) to the substrate‐integrated coaxial line (SICL) is investigated. An experimental prototype with a centre frequency of 25.7 GHz has been designed and fabricated by using the multi‐layer printed circuit board process. The measured results show the good performance of the proposed SIW‐to‐SICL transition, including a wide bandwidth of 53% (18.9–32.5 GHz) with reflection coefficients <− 10 dB, and a small insertion loss of 0.1 dB at 25.7 GHz. The proposed transition can be a promising candidate for the integration of the SIW and the SICL components and circuits.
Sensitivity analysis of queue‐based AQM over network parameters
Authors: Patel Sanjeev
Published: March 2019

The comparative analysis of the active queue management (AQM) has been seen in the past work, while the comparative analyses for combined multiple output responses or performance parameters viz., throughput, delay, and loss rate are rarely seen in the literature. The comparative analysis using single variable comprising the output performance parameters has been attempted. The sensitivity of the network parameters over the throughput, delay, and loss rate for different AQM schemes has been measured. An attempt has also been made to stabilise the AQM algorithm that aims to achieve a low‐loss rate and a high throughput. The models for the stabilisation of queue size of random early detection (RED) based on the network parameter have been studied. The comparative performance analysis of existing stabilised models has also been presented with author's modified RED. The key idea is to modify the existing RED algorithm to achieve stabilisation in queue length at routers with the reduced loss rate as compared to RED.
Optimization Method of Composite Blade Lay-up Considering Bent-Twist Coupling Effect
Authors: Zhang Long , Jia Purong , Wang Bo , Xu Bin
Published: March 2019

In the design of composite blades, the bent-twist coupling effect can be used to reduce the aeroelastic deformation of the blades by lay-up optimization design to improve the efficiency of blade structure. In this paper, the composite blade was simplified as symmetric unbalanced cantilever laminate, and based on the classical laminated theory(CLT), two analysis parameters are proposed:the stiffness weights and load factors. The influence of the two analysis parameters on the structural deformation of the bent-twist coupling effect is studied by experiments and finite element analysis(FEA). The symmetrical laminated plates containing 0°, 90° and ±45° plies were analyzed and calculated with the feasible region of stiffness weights as the constraint condition and the minimum blade curvature as the objective function, and the optimal path of the stiffness weights relate to the load factors was obtained. A 16-plies symmetric laminated plate was used as an example to verify the optimal path of the stiffness weights. By the inverse calculation of the optimal path of the stiffness weights, the optimal ply sequences can be obtained. The method of this paper may provide some references and basis for the optimal design of the composite blades.
Design and Test Evaluation of Full Authority Digital Electronic Control System for an Auxiliary Power Unit
Authors: Peng Kai , Yang Fan , Fan Ding , Gou Linfeng , Xiao Hongliang , Jiao Chunbo
Published: March 2019

A helicopter auxiliary power unit (APU) is initially equipped with a hydro-mechanical control system (HMC). Because HMC's complex structure is difficult to be modified to realize sophisticated control algorithms and the APU is faced with the need for performance improvement, it is urgently necessary to carry out digital control modification of HMC. Based on the analysis of control laws of the original HMC and differences between HMC and digital control system, key techniques involved in the digital control system are studied, such as overall structure, control laws and fuel system based on electric fuel pump, and finally a full authority digital electronic control system (FADEC) is developed for APU. Functions, performances and key techniques of the FADEC system are evaluated on test rig, and the test results show functions of original control system are enhanced and performances of APU are improved more effectively under the control of the designed FADEC compared with the original HMC.
Application of Thermal Balance Phase-Shift Control Strategy to Dual-Active-Bridge DC-DC Converter
Authors: Lei Tao , Lin Zicun , Zhang Xiaobin , Li Longchun
Published: March 2019

With the development of the more/All electrical aircraft technology, the dual active bridge converter has been applied to the energy storage device to realize the bidirectional power flow in aircraft electrical system. The power loss of power device in DAB converter affects the operational life of the device and the reliability of the converter. So it is an important performance index to keep the temperature balance for power device in DAB converter. In this paper, the operational mode of dual active bridge bidirectional DC-DC converter in extended-phase-shift (EPS) control is analyzed and verified by experiment, find the reasons for difficult to achieve soft-switching under light load conditions, then proposes a novel thermal balance phase-shift control strategy on the basis of EPS. Experimental methods in this paper are alternation control mode and temperature feedback control mode. The thermal image and temperature was analyzed. The efficiency curve was plotted. The switching waveform was observed. the thermal balance was achieved to verify the effectiveness. and finally achieves the goal for improving the converter efficiency, reduces the devices heat stress, improves the reliability of the DAB converters and increases device lifetime.
Analyzing Influence of Ignition Gas Flow Pipe of Igniter on Working Process
Authors: Chang Jiang , Wu Gongping , Wu Haodong , Hao Xuejie
Published: March 2019

Based on gas dynamics and computational fluid dynamics, the numerical simulation of the steady-state flow field of igniter working in the two conditions was conducted with FLUENT. The numerical simulation results were validated by experiments. Influences of ignition gas flow pipe on the igniter's working performance were analyzed on the basis of test validation. The analysis results show that the combustion chamber pressure has atmospheric pressure and that the igniter works with ignition gas flow pipe. The velocity of throat is lower than the speed of sound and the sonic position moves to the position of ignition gas flow pipe; the velocity, pressure and temperature of throat increase; but the flux, pressure and temperature of outlet decrease. Under the different conditions of combustion chamber pressure, the outlet velocity, pressure, temperature and flux have a stable section; but the flux decreases.
Network Topology Optimization Based on Time-Triggered DIMA
Authors: Wang Hongchun , Qu Jing , Niu Wensheng
Published: March 2019

Distributed Integrated Modular Avionics System (DIMA) has attracted extensive attention in recent years, and the time-triggered Ethernet (TTE) supports the time triggering mechanism of DIMA system, so it has become the main protocol adopted by this system. In order to generate a network topology with lower architecture cost, load balancing and relatively short path, we studied the network topology optimization problem based on TTE. In view of the arbitrariness of TTE network topology, based on the analysis of time-triggered DIMA model, Floyd algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm are applied to realize topology optimization. The simulation results show that the proposed topology design and optimization method can not only effectively reduce network congestion, but also save network cost.
L’interdisciplinarité en pratique : retour d’expérience de la deuxième école d’été australe sur la vulnérabilité du patrimoine récifal (EEA VulPaRe 2016)
Authors: Morandi Bertrand , Marin Francesca , Urbina-Barreto Isabel , Comte Adrien , Chabi Roméo , Behivoke Faustinato , Mirhani Nourddine , Uger Mickael , Galuppi Silvia , Bandeira Benjamin , Delvaux Élodie , Lahitsiresy Max Gasimandova , Manahirana Jean-Jacques , Moma Landry , Mroimana Nassur Ahamada , Nassuf Ahmed , Pereira Julie , Rakotojanahary Fidèle , Randrianandrasana José , Rasolontiavina Nadiée , Remisy Séraphin
Published: March 2019

En novembre 2016, s’est tenue à Toliara, dans le sud-ouest de Madagascar, la deuxième école d’été australe sur la vulnérabilité du patrimoine récifal (EEA VulPaRe). Coorganisée par l’IRD (Institut de recherche pour le développement, France) et l’IHSM (Institut halieutique et des sciences marines de l’Université de Toliara, Madagascar), cette formation a proposé une approche interdisciplinaire de la thématique des récifs coralliens. Elle a été dispensée sous la forme de cours magistraux, de pratiques de terrain et de débats portant sur les questions environnementales, de connaissance, de valorisation et de conservation de ces milieux. Les participants de l’EEA VulPaRe 2016 souhaitent, à travers le présent article, donner à la communauté scientifique un retour d’expérience critique sur une démarche originale de formation à la recherche interdisciplinaire.
Analyse des risques en radiothérapie
Authors: Thellier S.
Published: March 2019

À la suite de la survenue des accidents d’Épinal (détecté en 2006) et de Toulouse (détecté en 2007), la radioprotection des patients a été remise en avant dans le travail de tous les acteurs concernés et s’est imposée de fait comme incontournable. En conséquence, la réglementation concernant la gestion des risques en radiothérapie a évolué en France. En l’absence de méthode propre pour analyser les risques médicaux, des méthodes d’analyse des risques issues des sciences de l’ingénieur ont été transposées en 2009 en radiothérapie. Il s’agit notamment de la méthode d’analyse des modes de défaillance et de leurs effets (AMDEC) adoptée par l’Autorité de sûreté nucléaire dans son guide méthodologique. Mais l’application de l’AMDEC en radiothérapie a révélé des difficultés d’utilisation qui entrent en résonance avec certaines difficultés décrites dans la littérature internationale. Cet article, issu d’une recherche en ergonomie conduite dans le domaine de la gestion des risques et de la sécurité des patients en radiothérapie, fait le point sur les forces et faiblesses de la méthode AMDEC.
Imaging of toxocariasis
Authors: Dietrich Christoph , Cretu Carmen-Michaela , Atkinson Nathan , Lee W. , Richter Joachim , Cui Xin-Wu , Sparchez Zeno , Dong Yi
Published: March 2019

Parasitäre Erkrankungen werden in Europa relativ selten diagnostiziert und behandelt. Somit sind auch klinische Besonderheiten und bildgebende Merkmale weniger bekannt. In den heutigen Zeiten von Migration und weltweiter Flüchtlingsströme ist die Kenntnis parasitärer Infektionen zunehmend von Bedeutung. Anhand von klinischen Beschreibungen der Echinokokkose, Schistosomiasis, Fasciolosis und Ascariasis wurden entsprechende Berichte in der Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie publiziert. In der hier präsentierten Veröffentlichung werden klinische Besonderheiten und Bildgebungsmerkmale der Toxocariasis diskutiert.
Barrett-Screening: Rationale, aktuelle Konzepte und Perspektiven
Authors: Weismüller Josef , Thieme René , Hoffmeister Albrecht , Weismüller Tobias , Gockel Ines
Published: March 2019

Der Barrett-Ösophagus (BE) stellt den wichtigsten Risikofaktor für das ösophageale Adenokarzinom dar. Derzeit ist kein hinreichend effizientes Screening-Programm verfügbar, um in der Gesamtpopulation Patienten mit einem hohen Risiko für ein ösophageales Adenokarzinom auf dem Boden eines Barrett-Ösophagus zu identifizieren. Das aktuelle endoskopische Screening zielt auf symptomatische Refluxpatienten, aus denen sich aber nur ein Teil der Risikopatienten rekrutiert. Derzeit werden verschiedene neue Verfahren untersucht, die die Effektivität des Screenings deutlich erhöhen könnten.

Selektive Literaturrecherche in MEDLINE/PubMed unter Berücksichtigung deutscher und internationaler Leitlinien.

Alternative Screening-Verfahren könnten zweistufig angelegt sein: Zunächst die Identifikation von Personen „at risk“ über eine Erfassung geeigneter biologischer Marker, dann deren gezielte endoskopisch-bioptische Abklärung, Risikostratifikation, Überwachung (Surveillance) und ggf. Therapie. Neue diagnostische Methoden wie der Cytosponge® in Kombination mit einer Auswertung von Markern für Barrett-Schleimhaut könnten einen wesentlichen Fortschritt darstellen.

Barrett-Karzinome zeigen nach wie vor eine zunehmende Inzidenz und eine (trotz therapeutischer Fortschritte) ungünstige Prognose, wobei aber Patienten mit Barrett-Frühkarzinomen eine gute Prognose hinsichtlich Langzeitüberleben aufweisen. Eine verbesserte Früherkennung ist dringend wünschenswert, da bisher die meisten Patienten erst im fortgeschrittenen Stadium endoskopisch diagnostiziert werden, was eine kurative Therapie erschwert. Nur eine effiziente frühzeitige Identifizierung von Risikopatienten mit Barrett-Ösophagus durch ein praktikables Screening-Programm auf Populationsebene wird zur Verbesserung der Prognose beitragen können.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Endocrine-Related Adverse Events Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: de Filette Jeroen , Andreescu Corina , Cools Filip , Bravenboer Bert , Velkeniers Brigitte
Published: March 2019

Monoclonal antibodies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programed cell death 1 (PD-1), or its ligand (PD-L1) have become the mainstay for advanced malignancies. The incidence of endocrine adverse events provoked by these immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is based on data from randomized controlled trials, which have their drawbacks. PubMed was searched through August 22nd, 2017, by 2 reviewers independently (J.d.F. and C.E.A.). Early phase I/II, phase III experimental trials, prospective and retrospective observational studies were included. The weighted incidence and risk ratio were estimated for hypophysitis, primary thyroid disease, primary adrenal insufficiency, and diabetes mellitus. Their management is discussed in a systematic review. A total of 101 studies involving 19 922 patients were included. Ipilimumab-treated patients experienced hypophysitis in 5.6% (95% CI, 3.9–8.1), which was higher than nivolumab (0.5%; 95% CI, 0.2–1.2) and pembrolizumab (1.1%; 95% CI, 0.5–2.6). PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors had a higher incidence of thyroid dysfunction – particularly hypothyroidism (nivolumab, 8.0%; 95% CI, 6.4–9.8; pembrolizumab, 8.5%; 95% CI, 7.5–9.7; PD-L1, 5.5%; 95% CI, 4.4–6.8; ipilimumab, 3.8%; 95% CI, 2.6–5.5). Combination therapy was associated with a high incidence of hypothyroidism (10.2–16.4%), hyperthyroidism (9.4–10.4%), hypophysitis (8.8–10.5%), and primary adrenal insufficiency (5.2–7.6%). Diabetes mellitus and primary adrenal insufficiency were less frequent findings on monotherapy. Our meta-analysis shows a high incidence of endocrine adverse events provoked by single agent checkpoint blockade, further reinforced by combined treatment.
Role of Cell Surface Lipids and Thiol-Disulphide Exchange Pathways in Regulating the Encryption and Decryption of Tissue Factor
Authors: Ansari Shabbir A. , Pendurthi Usha R. , Rao L. Vijaya Mohan
Published: March 2019

Tissue factor (TF), a transmembrane glycoprotein, is the cellular receptor of the coagulation factors VII (FVII) and VIIa (FVIIa). The formation of TF–FVIIa complex triggers the initiation of the blood coagulation pathway. TF plays an essential role in haemostasis, but an aberrant expression of TF activity contributes to thrombotic disorders. In health, TF pro-coagulant activity on cells is controlled tightly to allow sufficient coagulant activity to achieve haemostasis but not to cause thrombosis. It is achieved largely by selective localization of TF in the body and encryption of TF at the cell surface. A vast majority of TF on resting cells exists in an encrypted state with minimal pro-coagulant activity but becomes pro-thrombotic following cell injury or activation. At present, the mechanisms that are responsible for TF encryption and activation (decryption) are not entirely clear, but recent studies provide important mechanistic insights into these processes. To date, externalization of phosphatidylserine to the outer leaflet and thiol-disulphide exchange pathways that either turn on and off the allosteric disulphide bond in TF are shown to play a major role in regulating TF pro-coagulant activity on cell surfaces. Recent studies showed that sphingomyelin, a major phospholipid in the outer leaflet of plasma membrane, plays a critical role in the encryption of TF in resting cells. The present review provides an overview of recent literature on the above-described mechanisms of TF encryption and decryption with a particular emphasis on our recent findings.
Euclidean Relationship between the Superior Semicircular Canal and the Arcuate Eminence
Authors: Nourbakhsh Aida , Tang Yang , DiPace Brian S. , Coelho Daniel H.
Published: March 2019

Objective This study was aimed to better characterize the surgical anatomy of the floor of the middle cranial fossa using three dimensional Euclidean relationships between the arcuate eminence (AE), the superior semicircular canal (SSC), and the geniculate ganglion (GG).

Study Design Submillimeter distances were recorded from computed tomography (CT) scans of 50 patients (100 sides). The AE, apex of the SSC, and the GG were identified and three dimensional distances measured.

Setting The study was conducted at a tertiary academic teaching hospital.

Main Outcome Measures In this study, Euclidean distance was obtained from AE to SSC by using a fixed anatomical landmark (GG) as the origin.

Results On average, the AE is 2.1 ± 0.3 mm lateral, 2.5 ± 0.1 mm superior, and 2.1 ± 0.3 posterior to the SSC. Thirty percent (30/100) of patients had an AE that was less than 2 mm superior to SSC. The AE was medial to the SCC in 13% samples and anterior to the SSC in 18% samples. The results also show that there was no difference in mean distance between sides (1.08 mm; 95% confidence interval [CI] =  − 2.67–0.52; p-value = 0.29) or gender (0.56 mm; 95% CI =  − 1.34, 2.45; p-value = 0.86).

Conclusions This study represents a comprehensive analysis of the relational anatomy of the floor of the middle fossa to date. In quantifying relationships between the AE, SSC, and GG, and by understanding the variability of these relationships in some planes, the middle fossa surgeon can feel more comfortable with this most challenging approach.
Vibration-assisted exciton transfer in molecular aggregates strongly coupled to confined light fields
Authors: Liu Jingyu , Zhao Qing , Wu Ning
Published: March 2019

We investigate exciton transport through one-dimensional molecular aggregates interacting strongly with a cavity mode. Unlike several prior theoretical studies treating the monomers as simple two-level systems, exciton-vibration coupling is explicitly included in the description of open quantum dynamics of the system. In the framework of the Holstein-Tavis-Cummings model with truncated vibrational space, we investigate the steady-state exciton transfer through both a molecular dimer and longer molecular chains. For a molecular dimer, we find that vibration-assisted exciton transfer occurs at strong exciton-cavity coupling regime where the vacuum Rabi splitting matches the frequency of a single vibrational quantum, whereas for longer molecular chains, vibration-assisted transfer is found to occur at the ultrastrong exciton-cavity coupling limit. In addition, finite relaxation of vibrational modes induced by the continuous phonon bath is found to further facilitate the exciton transport in vibrational enhancement regimes.
Comparison of multireference
ab initio
wavefunction methodologies for X-ray absorption edges: A case study on [Fe(II/III)Cl4]2–/1– molecules
Authors: Maganas Dimitrios , Kowalska Joanna K. , Nooijen Marcel , DeBeer Serena , Neese Frank
Published: March 2019

In this work, we present a detailed comparison of wavefunction-based multireference (MR) techniques for the prediction of transition metal L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) using [Fe(II)Cl4]2− and [Fe(III)Cl4]1− complexes as prototypical test cases. We focus on the comparison of MR Configuration Interaction (MRCI) and MR Equation of Motion Coupled Cluster (MREOM-CC) methods, which are employed to calculate valence excitation as well as core to valence Fe L-edge XAS spectra of [Fe(II)Cl4]2− and [Fe(III)Cl4]1− complexes. The two investigated approaches are thoroughly analyzed with respect to their information content regarding (1) metal-ligand covalency, (2) ligand field splittings, (3) relativistic effects, (4) electron correlation, (5) energy distribution, and (6) intensity modulation of the experimentally observed spectral features. It is shown that at the level of MRCI calculations in both [Fe(II)Cl4]2− and [Fe(III)Cl4]1− cases, very good agreement with the experimental Fe L-edge XAS spectra is obtained provided that the employed active space is extended to include ligand-based orbitals in addition to metal-based molecular orbitals. It is shown that this is necessary in order to correctly describe the important σ− and π− Fe-Cl covalent interactions. By contrast, MREOM-CC calculations yield excellent agreement relative to experiment even with small active spaces. The efficiency of the employed MR computational protocols is thoroughly discussed. Overall, we believe that this study serves as an important reference for future developments and applications of MR methods in the field of X-Ray spectroscopy.
Unlikely existence of kx−1 spectral law in wall turbulence: An observation of the atmospheric surface layer
Authors: Mouri Hideaki , Morinaga Takeshi , Haginoya Shigenori
Published: March 2019

For wall turbulence, a range of streamwise wavenumbers kx has been predicted such that the spectral density of streamwise velocity fluctuations is proportional to kx−1. The existence or nonexistence of this kx−1 law is examined here. We observe the atmospheric surface layer over several months, select suitable data, and use them to synthesize the energy spectrum that would represent wall turbulence at a very high Reynolds number. The result is not consistent with the kx−1 law. It is, rather, consistent with a recent correction to the prediction of a model of energy-containing eddies that are attached to the wall. The reason for these findings is discussed mathematically.
Transparent high-pressure nozzles for visualization of nozzle internal and external flow phenomena
Authors: Kirsch Valeri , Hermans Martin , Schönberger Johannes , Ruoff Ilona , Willmann Michael , Reisgen Uwe , Kneer Reinhold , Reddemann Manuel A.
Published: March 2019

A new design for transparent high-pressure nozzles is presented in this work. This new design enables using the innovative Selective Laser Etching (SLE) method to manufacture transparent nozzles with outstanding accuracy. Therefore, not only the simultaneous visualization of the flow mechanics inside and outside the nozzle is enabled, but the manufacturing method applied also allows for the realization of individual nozzle geometries. Thus, nozzle internal flow phenomena (e.g., cavitation, swirl, and air inlet) and their influence on primary breakup can be analyzed with realistic nozzle geometries, e.g., for automotive applications. In addition, targeted three dimensional nozzle geometric parameters can be designed and manufactured in order to get specific tailor-made spray characteristics (e.g., droplet size distribution, spray angle, and penetration length). The basis for the transparent nozzle design is a two-parted nozzle, consisting of a re-machined original serial nozzle body and a transparent nozzle tip. The innovative SLE is used to produce the geometry of the transparent nozzle tip in fused silica, and laser polishing is utilized to achieve a maximum optical quality of nozzle surfaces for visualization. Bonding of both nozzle parts is achieved by a specially designed adhesive method. For a first feasibility study, a transparent nozzle with a simplified nozzle geometry is manufactured and used for a first study. In this study, simultaneous investigation of nozzle internal flow phenomena and their impact on spray breakup are visualized. First microscopic images of the nozzle internal flow show the formation of cavitation, its effect on nozzle internal temperature (apparent by differences in the fluid refractive index), and also the corresponding impact on spray breakup during injection. The penetration of ambient gas into the nozzle is verified at the end of injection as well as the influence of this air on the spray formation during the start of injection.
Experimental investigations on energy deposition and morphology of exploding aluminum wires in argon gas
Authors: Liu Haoyu , Zhao Junping , Wu Zhicheng , Zhang Lisong , Zhang Qiaogen
Published: March 2019

Experiments demonstrate a strong dependence of the energy deposition and morphology of exploding Al wires in argon gas on ambient pressures, charging voltage, and wire sizes. The specific energy deposition, before voltage collapse, increases with increasing ambient pressures and applied voltage but decreases with increasing wire sizes. The observation of the spatiotemporal distribution of exploding wires indicates that increased energy deposition suppresses the axial inhomogeneity, especially for large-sized wires, and improves the expansion velocity of the metal core. The expansion velocity of the wire core (100 μm in diameter, 2 cm in length) varies from ∼0.49 km/s to ∼2.3 km/s when the specific energy deposition increases from 1.95 eV/atom to 3.01 eV/atom. Decreased surrounding pressures also improve the expansion velocity. Furthermore, the analysis of photographs and emission spectrums demonstrates that the surrounding gases promote the formation of coronal plasmas when the pressure is no more than 50 kPa.
Tailoring interdigitated back contacts for high-performance bifacial silicon solar cells
Authors: Sun Yubo , Zhou Zhiguang , Asadpour Reza , Alam Muhammad A. , Bermel Peter
Published: March 2019

Photovoltaic (PV) cells have become one of the most promising renewable energy technologies. To make PV cells more competitive with incumbent technologies, higher power output densities are needed. One promising approach is to add bifaciality to existing monofacial PV devices, allowing more output power from the additional reflection of sunlight from the ground (albedo α). For example, bifaciality can be added to Silicon Heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells with Interdigitated Back Contacts (IBCs) by opening up the gaps between the back metal contacts, but the optimum gap (w) that maximizes the power output is unknown. In this paper, we show that the optimum gap [w=1−1+ααα+c−12] maximizes the IBC-SHJ bifacial power output [P∝ (1+α) (1−2a/c)], where c is the ratio of output power density to power loss due to shadowing and Joule heating, The results are validated by self-consistent finite-element device modeling. For a typical α = 0.3, an optimized bifacial IBC SHJ cell will produce 17% more power output than state-of-the-art monofacial IBC SHJ cells. The results encourage development of bifacial IBC solar cells as a next generation PV technology.
Transport dynamics of an ellipsoidal particle in free molecular gas flow regime
Authors: Chinnappan Arun K. , Kumar Rakesh , Arghode Vaibhav K. , Myong Rho Shin
Published: March 2019

Translational and rotational dynamics of a transporting particle in the free molecular gas flow regime are investigated using an in-house, multi-species, three dimensional Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) solver. The DSMC algorithm is modified to study free molecular gas flows and validated against the analytical results for the dynamics of a spherical particle. A particular focus of this work is on estimating the effects of particle size, shape, and orientation on the dynamics of an ellipsoidal particle in free molecular gas and comparing them with that of a spherical particle. Properties such as particle speed, temperature, drag, and heat transfer coefficients are considered for comparison. The effect of particle shape on the aforesaid properties is qualitatively discussed and quantified through a comprehensive analysis taking care of lift, pitching moment, particle rotation, and the associated resistive torque. The relaxation of an ellipsoidal particle to surrounding gas conditions is simulated at zero and non-zero angles of attack to demonstrate the effect of particle orientation. Furthermore, the particle size effect on its translational and rotational dynamics is discussed. Finally, the trajectory of a spherical particle is compared with that of an ellipsoidal particle at different eccentricities.
Studying of photoluminescence property of carbazole unit based push-pull oligomers
Authors: Chen Ying , Lu Ran , Sui Ning , Zhang Ye , Wang Wenyan , Kang Zhi-hui , Wang Ying-hui , Zhang Han-zhuang
Published: March 2019

The photoluminescence (PL) property of two push-pull oligomers named C2B and DC2B, comprising of carbazole and difluoroboron β-diketonate units, were probed by many optical tests. A comparison of the PL property of C2B and DC2B indicated that the introduction of carbazole unit red shifted the spectral feature and accelerated PL relaxation rate. Meanwhile, it also accelerated the rate of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), the reorganization of excited state and relaxation from the ICT state to the ground state, based on the global analysis of transient absorption data. Finally, C2B and DC2B were mixed together and engineered into white light emitting diode test, showing a correlated color temperatures (CCT) value of 4687 K, indicating their potential in the organic displaying devices.
An epitaxial synaptic device made by a band-offset BaTiO3/Sr2IrO4 bilayer with high endurance and long retention
Authors: Xu Hui , Zhai Xiaofang , Wang Zhicheng , Cui Zhangzhang , Fu Zhengping , Lu Yalin
Published: March 2019

New types of artificial synaptic devices are important to develop highly reliable devices for high-intelligent neuromorphic information technologies. Here, we develop an epitaxial heterostructure with a small-gap spin-orbital-coupling-Mott insulator Sr2IrO4 and a large-gap ferroelectric BaTiO3 to implement robust artificial synapses. Electric-field-dependent synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicates that oxygen vacancies are transferred to the bilayer surface by an applied voltage less than 5 V. Because of the epitaxial quality and the large band-gap offset, the prototype devices have robust bipolar-resistance-switching behaviors as demonstrated by the high endurance (>104 cycles) and the long retention (>104 s). The steady synaptic learning algorithm is made in the prototype device with multiple synaptic functions including the short term plasticity, long term plasticity, and spike timing dependent plasticity. Our study demonstrates the ferroelectric/spin-orbital-coupling-Mott oxide bilayer as a reliable prototype device that mimics the synapses in neural systems of the human brain.
Passive fine-tuning of microcavity whispering gallery mode for nonlinear optics by thermo-optical effect
Authors: Feng Yaming , Zheng Yuanlin , Zhang Fangxing , Yang Jianfan , Qin Tian , Wan Wenjie
Published: March 2019

Whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microcavities strongly enhance nonlinear optical processes like optical frequency comb (OFC), Raman scattering, and optomechanics, which nowadays enable cutting-edge applications in microwave synthesis, optical sensing spectroscopy, and integrated photonics. Yet, tunability of their resonances, mostly via coarse and complicated mechanisms through temperature, electrical, or mechanical means, still poses a major challenge for precision applications as above. Here, we introduce a passive scheme to finely tune resonances of WGMs at MHz precision with an external probe. Such a probe remotely transfers heat through a gap from an optical microcavity, effectively tuning its resonances by thermal-optic nonlinearity. Moreover, we explore this unique technique in microcavity nonlinear optics, demonstrating the generation of a tunable OFC and backward stimulated Brillouin scattering with variable beating frequencies. This technique addresses the core problem of WGM microcavity's fine-tuning, paving the way for important applications like spectroscopy and frequency synthesis.
Zero-index metamaterial based all-dielectric nanoantenna
Authors: Shankhwar Nishant , Kalra Yogita , Li Qiang , Sinha Ravindra Kumar
Published: March 2019

In this article, a highly directive all-dielectric zero-index metamaterial (ZIM) based nanoantenna has been proposed which has the ability to directionally transmit the radiation from an isotropic quantum emitter. The zero-index metamaterial (ZIM) used here, is basically a rods-in-air type photonic crystal, which exhibits zero-index behaviour owing to the existence of a Dirac-cone at the Gamma (Γ) point in its photonic band structure. The emitter is embedded inside the ZIM and the radiation pattern can be controlled by varying the shape and size of the array.
Mechanism study of coupled aerodynamic and thermal effects using plasma actuation for anti-icing
Authors: Meng Xuanshi , Hu Haiyang , Li Chang , Abbasi Afaq Ahmed , Cai Jinsheng , Hu Hui
Published: March 2019

Anti-icing performance using the surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator is studied using detailed visualization and surface thermal measurements. To reveal the physical mechanism of coupled aerodynamic and thermal effects on anti-icing, three types of actuators are designed and mounted on a NACA 0012 airfoil. The coupled aerodynamic and thermal effects are confirmed in still air. The results show that the plasma actuation is effective for in-flight anti-icing, and the anti-icing performance is directly related to the design of the plasma actuators based on the coupled aerodynamic and thermal effects. When the direction of plasma induced flow is consistent with the incoming flow, the heat generated by plasma discharge is concentrated in the region of the actuator and the ability of the actuator for heat transfer downstream is relatively weak during the anti-icing. When the induced flow is opposite to the incoming flow, there is less heat accumulation in the actuator region, while the ability of heat transfer downstream becomes stronger. With the consistent and opposite direction of induced flow, the plasma actuation can ensure that 57% and 81% chord of the lower surface of the airfoil are free of the ice accumulation, respectively. Another actuator is designed to induce the air jets approximately perpendicular to the airfoil surface. This exhibits both a stronger ability of heat accumulation locally and heat transfer downstream and hence ensures that there is no ice on the entire lower surface of the airfoil.
Dynamics of ambipolarity
Authors: Hazeltine R. D.
Published: March 2019

The ambipolar electric field in a tokamak with a magnetic field ripple, in the superbanana regime of collision frequency, is studied dynamically. Gauss's law, charge conservation, and a known formula from neoclassical theory reveal the relaxation of the radial electric field to its ambipolar value, with a time constant that is nearly independent of the magnetic field. The relaxation rate is close to the frequency of various drift instabilities.
Emergence of robust precipitation changes across crop production areas in the 21st century
Authors: Rojas Maisa , Lambert Fabrice , Ramirez-Villegas Julian , Challinor Andrew J.
Published: March 2019

A warming climate will affect regional precipitation and hence food supply. However, only a few regions around the world are currently undergoing precipitation changes that can be attributed to climate change. Knowing when such changes are projected to emerge outside natural variability—the time of emergence (TOE)—is critical for taking effective adaptation measures. Using ensemble climate projections, we determine the TOE of regional precipitation changes globally and in particular for the growing areas of four major crops. We find relatively early (<2040) emergence of precipitation trends for all four crops. Reduced (increased) precipitation trends encompass 1–14% (3–31%) of global production of maize, wheat, rice, and soybean. Comparing results for RCP8.5 and RCP2.6 clearly shows that emissions compatible with the Paris Agreement result in far less cropped land experiencing novel climates. However, the existence of a TOE, even under the lowest emission scenario, and a small probability for early emergence emphasize the urgent need for adaptation measures. We also show how both the urgency of adaptation and the extent of mitigation vary geographically.
Anomalous quantum criticality in the electron-doped cuprates
Authors: Mandal P. R. , Sarkar Tarapada , Greene Richard L.
Published: March 2019

Significance

Understanding the normal state in superconducting cuprates is crucial to the understanding of origin of the superconductivity. It has been conjectured that many properties of the cuprates arise from proximity to a quantum critical doping. Here, by measuring the low-temperature normal-state thermopower in
n
-type La

2−
x

Ce

x

CuO
4
, we observe a quantum critical

S
/
T

versus

ln

(

1
/
T

)

behavior over an unexpectedly wide doping range
x
= 0.15 − 0.17. Above a Fermi surface reconstruction at
x
= 0.14, the slope of
S
/
T
scales with

T
C

, suggesting a link between the critical fluctuations and the superconductivity. In contrast to other quantum critical systems, the presence of quantum criticality over an extended doping range provides a clue to the connection between quantum criticality and superconductivity.
Inequity in consumption of goods and services adds to racial–ethnic disparities in air pollution exposure
Authors: Tessum Christopher W. , Apte Joshua S. , Goodkind Andrew L. , Muller Nicholas Z. , Mullins Kimberley A. , Paolella David A. , Polasky Stephen , Springer Nathaniel P. , Thakrar Sumil K. , Marshall Julian D. , Hill Jason D.
Published: March 2019

Fine particulate matter (PM
2.5
) air pollution exposure is the largest environmental health risk factor in the United States. Here, we link PM
2.5
exposure to the human activities responsible for PM
2.5
pollution. We use these results to explore “pollution inequity”: the difference between the environmental health damage caused by a racial–ethnic group and the damage that group experiences. We show that, in the United States, PM
2.5
exposure is disproportionately caused by consumption of goods and services mainly by the non-Hispanic white majority, but disproportionately inhaled by black and Hispanic minorities. On average, non-Hispanic whites experience a “pollution advantage”: They experience ∼17% less air pollution exposure than is caused by their consumption. Blacks and Hispanics on average bear a “pollution burden” of 56% and 63% excess exposure, respectively, relative to the exposure caused by their consumption. The total disparity is caused as much by how much people consume as by how much pollution they breathe. Differences in the types of goods and services consumed by each group are less important. PM
2.5
exposures declined ∼50% during 2002–2015 for all three racial–ethnic groups, but pollution inequity has remained high.
Evidence for the incorporation of temporal duration information in human hippocampal long-term memory sequence representations
Authors: Thavabalasingam Sathesan , O’Neil Edward B. , Tay Jonathan , Nestor Adrian , Lee Andy C. H.
Published: March 2019

Significance

We demonstrate that multivariate patterns of activity in the human hippocampus during the recognition and cued mental replay of long-term sequence memories contain temporal structure information in the order of seconds. By using an experimental paradigm that required participants to remember the durations of empty intervals between visually presented scene images, our study provides evidence that the human hippocampus can represent elapsed time within a sequence of events in conjunction with other forms of information, such as event content. Our findings complement rodent studies that have shown that hippocampal neurons fire at specific times during the empty delay between two events and suggest a common hippocampal neural mechanism for representing temporal information in the service of episodic memory.
Transdisciplinarity across two-tiers
Authors: Warner Chantelle
Published: March 2019

In the ten years since the Modern Language Association published their report, “Foreign Languages and Higher Education: New Structures for a Changed World” (2007) dissatisfaction with the “two-tiered configuration” of US foreign language departments has become increasingly vocal. While the target of the criticism is often the curriculum, it has often been noted that programmatic bifurcations mirror institutional hierarchies, e.g. status differences between specialists in literary and cultural studies and experts in applied linguistics and language pedagogy (e.g.Maxim et al., 2013; Allen & Maxim, 2012). This chapter looks at the two-tiered structure of collegiate modern language departments from the perspectives of the transdisciplinary shape-shifters who maneuver within them – scholars working between applied linguistics and literary studies. These individuals must negotiate the methodologies and the institutional positions available to them – in many instances, the latter is what has prompted them to work between fields in the first place. The particular context of US foreign language and literature departments serves as a case study of the lived experiences of doing transdisciplinary work in contexts that are characterized by disciplinary hierarchies and the chapter ends with a call for applied linguistics to consider not only the epistemic, but also the institutional and affective labor needed to sustain transdisciplinary work.
THE EFFECT OF BACTERIAL CONSTITUENTS ON THE RESISTANCE OF MICE TO HETEROLOGOUS INFECTION AND ON THE ACTIVITY OF THEIR RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM
Authors: Boehme Diethelm , Dubos René J.
Published: March 2019

Page 525, line 19, should read:

See PDF for Equation

instead of:

See PDF for Equation
Elections, Public Awareness, and the Efficacy of Constitutional Review
Authors: Krehbiel Jay
Published: March 2019

Scholars have long recognized the importance of timing in political decision making. In this article, I consider the potential for the strategic timing of court decisions involving the constitutional review of statutes. As courts lack the ability to directly implement their decisions, scholars have identified an attentive public as invaluable for judicial authority. Building on this literature, I argue that the proximity of a national election increases awareness and thereby creates an environment conducive to the assertive exercise of constitutional review. I then present evidence of the electoral cycle’s effect on decision making at the German Federal Constitutional Court.