bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Characterization of Thermal Insulation Geopolymer Foams Based on Fly Ash
Authors: Łach Michał , Mikuła Janusz , Lin Wei-Ting , Patrycja Bazan  , Beata Figiela  , Korniejenko Kinga
Published: August 2020

The main purpose of the article is to present the differences in the parameters of geopolymer foams obtained in the same way, which is associated with difficulties in controlling the foaming process. Difficulties in controlling the foaming process of geopolymers are the direct reason for the lack of implementation of such materials nowadays. The article shows the results for experimental research, especially research into insulation, physical, and mechanical properties for the designated foamed materials. Microspheres (75%), sand (5%) and fly ash (20%) were used to produce foamed geopolymers. Hydrogen peroxide was the foaming agent. Heat conduction coefficients of 0.08-0.07 W/mK were obtained. The material density was obtained at the level of 363-375 [kg/m3] and the compressive strength was 520-683 [kPa]. The results showed that geopolymers can be a good alternative to conventional insulation materials, but the foaming technology should be developed so that it is stable and allows for reproducible material parameters.
Retrieval of Land Surface Temperature of Lahore Through Landsat-8 TIRS Data
Authors: -u-Minallah Muhammad Nasar
Published: August 2020

Land surface temperature (LST) is an important parameter in global climate change and urban thermalenvironmental studies. The significance of land surface temperature is being acknowledged gradually and interest isincreasing in developing methodologies for the retrieval of LST from Satellite Remote Sensing (SRS) data. ThermalInfrared Sensor (TIRS) of Landsat-8 is the newest TIR sensor for the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM),offering two adjacent thermal infrared bands (10, 11), having significant beneficiary for the land surface temperatureinversion. The spectral radiance can be estimated through TIR bands 10 and 11 of Landsat-8 OLI_TIRS satellite image.In the present study, the radiative transfer equation-based method has been employed in estimating LST of Lahore andthe analysis demonstrated that estimated LST has the highest accuracy from the radiative transfer method through band10. Land Surface Emissivity (LSE) was derived with the aid of the NDVI’s threshold technique. The present studyresults show that as the built-up area increases and vegetation cover decreases in urban surface, they are linked toincrease in urban land surface temperature and conversely larger vegetation cover associated with lower urbantemperature. The output exposed that LST was high in built-up and barren land, whereas it was low in the area wherethere were more vegetation cover and water.
Assessment of Smog Pattern and its Effects on Visibility in Lahore Using Remote Sensing and GIS
Authors: Jahan Zartab , Sarwar Faiza , Younes Isma , Sadaf Rakhshanda , Ahmad Adeel
Published: August 2020

In recent times, many parts of the world are experiencing drastic levels of air pollution, which includessmog, the mixture of fog and smoke, polluted air formed by human activities like burning of coal, excessive use ofvehicles and many others. During November 2016, Lahore city also experienced the smog due to increased level of airpollutants. In earlier studies, very limited research work has been done related to smog, therefore, this research is aimedto study the pattern of smog in Lahore and its impact on visibility through remote sensing and GIS. Satellite images ofMODIS and Landsat OLI, of November, 2016 is used to study the pattern of smog, whereas the visibility data wasacquired from Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD). For the processing and analysis of data ERDAS IMAGINE14 and ArcGIS 10.1 software were used. The findings of this research reveal that the dense smog cover on 2nd, 3rd,and 4th November 2016 leads to the considerable reduction in visibility. As on 2nd November’16, it was only 111.6meters (m) while during bright days it was recorded more than 300 m or 400 m.
Rural Livelihoods and Vulnerability Towards Natural Disasters: An Empirical Exploration from Selected Villages of District Gilgit, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Israr , Karim Rehmat , Muhammad Faqeer , Qureshi Javed Akhter , Latip Normah Abdul , Ullah Kifayat , Nilofar Memoona
Published: August 2020

Present study explores livelihoods of rural households and their vulnerability towards natural hazards in three selected villages of district Gilgit, a far-flung mountainous area in north of Pakistan. Data were collected from 180 households by using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Moreover, Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The standard value of LVI ranges from 0 to 1, whereby the higher value of LVI shows higher vulnerability. LVI for each village was calculated using the data of seven components i.e. socio demography, livelihood strategies, social networks, food, health and education, water, natural disasters and climate vulnerability. The results suggest that the rural households of district Gilgit are vulnerable to natural disasters and Gilgit is most vulnerable in food and social network and least vulnerable in terms of demographic profile. Lastly, the overall value of LVI for district Gilgit is 0.34
The Preliminary Study of Anthropogenic and Natural Drivers of Desertification in Drylands of South Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Mazhar Nausheen , Shirazi Safdar Ali
Published: August 2020

This study aims to investigate the perceptions of farmers residing in the drylands of south Punjab regarding the drivers of desertification mainly associated with meteorological and anthropogenic factors. Dataset of 399 respondents was collected using disproportionate stratified sampling technique from Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan and Rajanpur districts. Pearson correlation and cross tabulation were performed to explore relation between variables. Simple Linear Regression (SLR) helped in investigating the association between natural and anthropogenic causes of desertification. The findings of this study indicate the significant variability in natural causes of desertification such as increasing temperature extremes, soil salinization and variation in rainfall patterns, while extensive land degradation, caused by anthropogenic factor, as leading to desertification in the study area. For Rajanpur, mean rainfall variation, supports the perception regarding major natural driver of desertification. Small-scale farmers were found to be most vulnerable to climatic extremes. SLR concluded that anthropogenic factors trigger or intensify the natural drivers of desertification in the study area. Useful insights are provided regarding the perceptions of the local farming community regarding causes of desertification as appropriate perception of a risk leads to fruitful adaptation measures
Effect of Salt Crystallization on the Building Stones Used in Konya, Central Turkey
Authors: ZEDEF VEYSEL , UNAL MURAT
Published: August 2020

The cities of Konya, Kayseri, Ankara, Sivas, Kyrsehirand Nevsehir, all located in Central Turkey, are well-knownfor their famous historical buildings and monumentsbelonging to prehistoric to medieval civilizations. Withthe Hittite monuments and Seljuk-Ottoman mosques,medresses and caravansaries, the city of Konya is themost distinctive among others. Especially, the buildingsare significant for the identity of the Seljuk and Ottomanarchitecture, which was dominant during the period of11th and 20th centuries. Travertines, andesites and granitesare the most used rocks for construction purpose bythese two dominant empires in the Middle East. Thebuildings have suffered stone weathering since theirconstruction and the preservation of these buildingshas become a great issue for the past decades. The sourceregion of the rocks used in these buildings as well asHittite monument (dacite was used) at Eflatun is displayedin Fig. 1.
Arsenic Contamination in Indus Alluvial Plain Sediments and Groundwater of Hyderabad and its Surroundings, Pakistan
Authors: Naseem Sadaf , Husain Viqar , Bano Shella
Published: August 2020

Alluvial aquifers are the main source of groundwater worldwide. In Hyderabad area of Sindh province, aquifers are naturally polluted by arsenic (As) like other alluvial aquifers of the world. Present study was carried out to decipher the mobilization mechanism of arsenic in Holocene aquifers of Indus river basin, where a large population is at the risk of arsenic ingested diseases. Fifty groundwater samples were collected from Hyderabad and its surrounding areas to examine their physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics. In 80% of the groundwater samples, TDS is above the WHO limit. Dominant (40%) hydrofacies in groundwater of study area is NaCl, which shows water-rock interaction and cation exchange mechanism. In order to investigate the source of arsenic, eleven near-surface soil samples were also collected and analyzed for elemental and mineral composition using XRD and AES techniques. Correlation Coefficient, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and multivariate statistical analyses were used to interpret the data. Arsenic ranges between 10-150 µg/L in groundwater, while in soil samples it ranges from 77 and 137µg/kg. Findings showed that arsenic is mobilized in the alluvial aquifers of Indus river through dissolution/ leaching of iron oxyhydroxides under anoxic conditions. Arsenic is mainly leached from mica and phlogopite under reducing conditions. Meandering of Indus river through different historical time periods is an important factor for the distribution of redox zones created by mirco-biodegradation of organic matter rich with clayey sediments. Irrigation return flow, infiltration of sewerage in groundwater and unlined sanitation are also important anthropogenic factors for creating local anoxic conditions to mobilize arsenic in groundwater.
Perception and Response to Climate Change by Small Farmers: The Case of Mareko District, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Gegulo Doliso Fufula , Gemeda Dessalegn Obsi , Gebre Sintayehu Legesse
Published: August 2020

Climate change and variability is one of the common challenges of rainfall dependent economic activitieslike agriculture. In this study, we assessed the perception of small landholders on the impact of climate change and theiradaptation strategies in Mareko district in southern Ethiopia. Data were collected from a total of 120 small farmersfrom two villages in Elala Gebiba and Hobe Jare Dembeka. The results obtained from meteorological data of threedecades (1986-2015) show an increase in temperature by 0.39oC and rainfall fluctuations over the last 30 years.Perceptions of these farmers on climate change depend on the level of vulnerability to the extreme events like droughtand flooding. The perception of local communities on climate change indicated that there was an increase intemperature (98.3%) in the study area that had a potential impact on their livelihoods. Local people perceived that, thehazards induced by climate change like drought, extreme heat, livestock disease and floods affected their livelihood.The results of this study indicate that changing cropping date, practicing soil and water conservation, shifting fromcattle to goats and sheep, income source diversification, growing drought tolerant crops like false banana, millet,sorghum and quicker-maturing crops like haricot bean and vegetables are the major adaptation options in the studyarea. Thus, this research contributes to the knowledge gaps on potential existing climate change adaptation strategiesfor those dependent on rain-fed agriculture for their food and livelihoods.
Adsorption-Desorption Mechanism of Synthesized Benzimidazole Based Fungicide 2-(3’-Pyridyl) on Selected Soil Minerals
Authors: Ahmad Khuram Shahzad , Jaffri Shaan Bibi , Gul Saba , Ikhlaq Khadija , Javaid Maryam , Amjad Iqra
Published: August 2020

The adsorption and desorption phenomenon of synthesized Benzimidazole based fungicide, 2-(3’-pyridyl)benzimidazole (PyBlm), was investigated by batch equilibrium method. Four soil minerals were utilized for thesorption studies including; alumina, silica, muscovite and montmorillonite. Highest value of adsorption coefficient(Kd(ads)), obtained for montmorillonite mineral (Mx (Al, Fe, Mg4) Si8O20 (OH4)) was 2779 µg ml-1. Highest rate ofadsorption is attributable to its considerably large surface area of 628 m2g-1 and highest inter-lattice d-spacing, 10 Å.Highest desorption (Kd(des)) was also observed in montmorillonite mineral (21.45 µg ml-1). Montmorillonite thusdisplayed increased sorption capacity for PyBlm among all tested minerals. Hysteresis coefficient ranged from 0.58 to3. The results were statistically evaluated by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Furthermore, statisticalevaluation done with the help of Minitab 17 expressed the good fitting of the obtained results, which was shown bymeans of residual plots. Current research which suggests the variable adsorption and desorption of PyBlm expresses theprofound dependence of PyBlm interaction on the physicochemical characteristics of the selected minerals. Allminerals except montmorillonite expressing poor adsorption signifying the percolation of PyBlm through them towardsthe lower soil profiles. Results obtained in the present research show of that montmorillonite in firmly interacting withthe PyBlm molecules and thus alleviating the possibility of PyBlm percolation to lower soil profiles.
Sustainability Analysis of Marble Sector in Buner
Authors: Khan Majid Ali , Rehman Safi Ur , Rahman Abdur
Published: August 2020

Marble is an ornamental stone, extremely popular for use as architectural and sculptural purposes. Nonrenewable marble resources in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan are mostly mined by conventional mining methods(producing irregular shaped blocks) instead of using mechanized mining producing regular shaped blocks.Conventional mining methods are more economical but are less environment friendly due to more quantity of wasteproduced. While, mechanized marble mining has a better recovery, reduces mining cost (processing and transportation)and is less environmentally hazardous. In this study a situation and sustainability analysis of marble mining operationsat Buner, the most productive marble mining cluster in KP, Pakistan, is carried out. Buner has about 1.4 billion tons ofmarble resources and contributes around 51 percent of total country’s marble production. Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) is used on the basis of key sustainability factors (economic, technical, social, environmental and safety) forselection of most sustainable mining methods. The analysis revealed that conventional mining is least sustainable andproduces maximum waste, cracks, irregular shaped blocks, high working faces, back break, rock falls and accidents. Itwas concluded and recommended that these conventional mining methods should be replaced with the more sustainablemining methods i.e. semi-mechanized (controlled blasting / expansion material) at sunny grey and get black marbledeposits and mechanized mining (rope cutting) at Bampokha No.1 and Chagharzai white marble deposits.
Computing the Parametric Geo-Accumulation and Ecological Risk Indices of Some Heavy Metals Along on, Charsadda-Peshawar Road, Pakistan
Authors: Sarwar Fiza , Anjum Zufishan , Fatima Noor , Khan Muhammad Jahangir , Jamil S. Umair Ullah , Mansoor Faryal , Saleem Aansa Rukya
Published: August 2020

Charsadda to Peshawar road is characterized with diverse surrounding environment of residential settlements,industrial zones, commercial and agricultural sectors along with heavy traffic route which is contributing to heavy metalpollution. This study is focused on heavy metals: Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr) and Lead (Pb) contribution to theatmospheric pollution level. The heavy metals pollution assessment is carried out by sample collection (soil dust samplesand two vegetation species Cyperus esculentus and Cynodon dactylon) from ten sites along the road which were analyzedby using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Average values of pollution index (PI) as well as average value ofpollution load index (PLI) for Cr, Cd and Pb in case of Cyperus esculentus, Cynodon dactylon and dust were calculated.Geo-accumulation index of roadside dust for Cr, Cd and Pb were estimated along with ecological risk due to roadsidedust using potential ecological risk index (RI). The analyses of this study suggest that the indices for the Cd metal foundto be of more concern than Cr or Pb which correspond to middle or low level of pollution. Statistical analysis revealedthat the three metals had a weak to moderate relationship with one another indicating multiple and somewhat similarsources of pollution.
Short Communication
Authors: Shah Kausar Sultan , Rahman Abdur , Khan Sajid
Published: August 2020

Coal mining is one of the elemental industries that not only helps in economic development of a country butalso causes social and environmental problems. Coal is the primary source of energy due to which it becomes essentialto meet the energy requirements of the country. It is mined through underground and surface methods, whichsignificantly affect worker’s health and water resources. Coal mining is responsible for discharging huge amount ofmine water, mine diseases and accidents which are the constituent of these social and environmental problems. Theempirical data of this research comprised of results from literature, workers interviews and field notes. Data aboutwater quality, various diseases among workers and workers health condition were collected from literature and workersinterviews. Similarly, the data about all and occurred accident were collected from field notes. From this study it isconcluded that coal mining will not only help in providing energy requirements and employments, but it is alsoresponsible for various social and environmental problems.
Economic Evaluation of Placer Gold Along River Indus From Ghazi to Kund, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: Implications for Commercial Scale Pilot Plant
Authors: Ali Liaqat , Ahmad Sajjad , Khattak Seema Anjum , Anjum Naveed , Waseem Muhammad , Ali Asghar
Published: August 2020

A detailed study was conducted on Indus river in order to evaluate the economic potential. Samples werecollected for geochemical studies from both stream sediments (SS) and heavy mineral concentrates (HMC) along Indusriver from Ghazi, Hund, Beka, Alladher and Kund in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. All the samples were analyzed forgold (Au), silver (Ag) and base metals in order to get information about geochemical associations. Panning and sluicemethods were applied for the collection of these samples and extraction of visible gold. Results show that HMC havehigh Au contents, having maximum value of 44.15 g/t and 39.15 g/t in Kund and Beka areas respectively with anaverage value of 15.18 g/ton and 11.37 g/ton while the SS have average amount of Au as 0.8 g/t. In both these mediahigher concentration of gold was found in HMC. On the basis of results from both sampling media, the placer golddeposits in Kund, Alladher and Beka are considered highly economical for the commercial exploration of placer gold.Overall, the HMC derived from silt, sand, gravels and cobbles along Indus river indicated potential for placer gold thatcan be utilized for extraction of gold at commercial scale.
Biological and Chemical Strategies for the Treatment of Sugar Industry Effluents
Authors: Ambreen Hina , Hussain Shabbir , Naeem Naureen , Ahmad Asrar , Riaz Muhammad , Saddiqa Aisha
Published: August 2020

The waste effluents from sugar industries create lot of pollution problems in the adjacent areas. Sugarindustries discharge huge quantities of residual water causing damage to the biotic as well as abiotic environment dueto its pungent smell, higher BOD and COD values and the exceeded concentration of chlorides, sulphates, heavymetals, carbohydrates, nutrients, oil and grease. Current studies were performed to evaluate the available strategies usedto minimize the pollution load created by sugar industries. Attempts have been made to overview various availableprocedures such as construction of microbial fuel cell, hydrolytic pre-treatment, valorization of sugar industry waste,synthesis of silver nanoparticles, symbiotic process, chemical and electrical oxidation processes, which are used for thetreatment of sugar industry effluents.
Aggregate Suitability of the Late Permian Wargal Limestone at Kafar Kot Chashma Area, Khisor Range, Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Rizwan , Ullah Shuja , Rehman Nazir , Ali Fayyaz , Asim Muhammad , Tahir Muhammad , Ullah Subhan , Muhammad Shafi
Published: August 2020

This study was carried out for the investigation of the Late Permian Wargal limestone at Kafar Kot Chashma area, Khisor Range to determine its suitability as an aggregate that is used in road construction and civil structures with the help of geological engineering testing. The results of geological engineering testing of Wargal limestone samples show the tolerable values of all standard engineering parameters including the Loss Angles Abrasion value (23.37%), Aggregate impact (16.8%), Crushing value 13.1%, Unit weight 1.67, Soundness (1.007%), Specific gravity (2.70), Water Absorption (0.48%), Flakiness Index (6.5%), Elongation value (7.1%), Coating of bitumen (> 95%), stripping of bitumen (<5%), California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value (93.6%), Maximum Dry Density 2.307g/c and Optimum Moisture Content (5.79%). As per different International and National Standards like AASHTO, ASTM, BS and NHA, the mentioned results of various engineering tests were within the tolerable limits. The petrography of the selected samples of the Late Permian Wargal limestone revealed very minor value of quartz (0.5%), hematite/limonite (0.6%) and clay content 1.0% showing the insignificant threat of ASR. The values of dolomite are limited to (1%) which shows that there is no ACR reaction with ordinary Portland cement. The results of geological and engineering parameters of the study area strongly suggest its suitability as a potential aggregate (i.e. for the base course, subbase course, cement concrete and asphalt) in the road construction.
Leaving No Stones Unturned: The Evolving Role of Refugee Legal Framework in Protection of Victims of Trafficking
Authors: Sangroula Yugichha
Published: August 2020

The proliferation of transnational crimes has made protection of victims of trafficking all the more imperative. However, as the general definition of a victim is hazed by surfacing mixed migratory patterns, legal frameworks on their protection have become unaccommodating to some victims. The role of refugee legal framework in such circumstances for added and/or supplementary protection of such victims is very consequential and the nexus between these areas is not uncanny. Whether be it the vulnerability of refugees to be trafficked or the legitimate claim of victims of trafficking on voluntary repatriation or non-refoulement that gives rise to asylum claim, adducing refugee legal framework has become essential. There needs to be burden-sharing arrangements among the countries of origin, transit and destination and concerned agencies such as UNHCR and IOM to provide utmost legal assistance to the victims of trafficking. The obligation to protect demands states to refrain from treating the victims of trafficking as illegal immigrants and any denial of protection should be reasonably justified, including the right to asylum on well-founded grounds of persecution. States are also obligated to address the challenges persistent in the concerned area.
Book Review: A Practitioner’s Reflections in Response to ‘Human Rights Law and the Marginalized Other’
Authors: Gimbad Petra
Published: August 2020

This book review will have little theoretical grounds on political philosophy. Therefore, given my ability to critique Simmons’ interpretations of various philosophers is limited, I write this review from the perspective of a human rights practitioner seeking a reader to understand how contemporary philosophy may be used to interpret the practices of human rights in contemporary world .

This review will focus on the questions that were raised in the course of reading the book. With reference to thinkers in particular, I hav e chosen to mention a little more on Hanna Arendt and Spivak, whom I tried to acquaint myself with, when I had the time in the past. I fully admit that much of my analysis may lack and hope that readers will not be prevented from discovering these philosophers on their own terms.
Bangladeshi ‘Undocumented Migrants’ in India: Humanitarian Problem, Requiring Humanitarian Solution
Authors: Sarker Shuvro Prosun
Published: August 2020

This article analyses the background of Bangladeshi refugee influx into India and various causes for the influx. It attempts to examine the framework of legal protection available for Bangladeshi refugees in India and makes a critical analysis of the policy of the Government of India for the protection of the refugees from Bangladesh.
Comparative Study on Anumana and Inference of Hindu and Western Philosophy
Authors: Dongol Nikhil
Published: August 2020

Philosophy is called darsanas in Sanskrit language. Hindu Philosophy is the group of darsanas that emerged in ancient Indian sub-continent which also includes present Nepal. It dates back as much earlier than the western philosophy. It includes two philosophies: Astika and Nastika. Astika includes 6 systems: Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa and Vedanta. Among them, Nyaya deals with logic and reasoning. According to Nyaya Philosophy, there are four means of valid reasoning (pramana) that, according to it, help one to release from suffering. They are: Perception, Inference (Anumana), Comparison and Testimony. Among them, this paper is going to illustrate on Anumana and Inference of two Philosophies and its types and kinds. It denotes the early civilizations and helps to identify how logic was developed in East as well as in the West. And it helps to distinguish how the conclusion was made on these two parts of the world. However, this article is limited to anumana of Nyaya philosophy while other 5 systems of Astika also contain anumana.
The Comparative Method in Synchronic Linguistics: The Case of Word Order
Authors: Giorgi Alessandra
Published: August 2020

In this article I discuss the comparative method in formal linguistics when applied to word order phenomena in Italian, English and German. I argue that the comparison has to rest on sound theoretical basis in order to reach interesting conclusions. These languages might prima facie all look Subject- Verb-Object – SVO – languages, with some puzzling issues arising in German. At a closer look however, I will show that English and Italian pattern together as their basic word order – i.e., SVO – goes, as opposed to German, an SOV language. Conversely, English and German pattern together with respect to a property typical, even if not exclusively so, of Germanic languages, i.e. Verb Second.
Content and Language Integrated Learning: Potential and Obstacles of Its Implementation in Russia
Authors: Sidorenko Tatyana , Kudryashova Alexandra
Published: August 2020

Reforms and initiatives applied to the field of Russian higher education during the past decade focus particularly on extending the scope of communicative educational space and scientific fields integration. Consequently, linguistic competence contributing to significant acceleration of the processes of globalization and internationalization of the society as a whole becomes the key component of higher professional education. It is necessary to ascertain that the current system of language education in Russian universities fails to deal with the tasks in hand comprehensively. The search for more efficient didactical tools and ways of organizing teaching processes culminated in choosing the paradigm of integrated education, specifically, integration of subject knowledge and foreign language. This approach is well-renowned in scientific and educational literature as CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning).

The major objective of the present article is to analyze the current attempts of implementing CLIL in Russian Universities through the example of Tomsk Polytechnic University. The analysis comprises the effectiveness of CLIL didactic capacity, the prerequisites for its emergence as well as needs and challenges in the system of Russian higher education and intellectual labor market. As a conclusion, we offer a systematic list of measures that tend to improve the situation.
Pre-Translation Text Analysis as an Essential Step to an Effective Translation
Authors: Gasparyan Gayane
Published: August 2020

Pre-translation text analysis is an integral part of an efficient translation procedure. In fact, it focuses on collecting intra-textual and extra-textual information on the text under translation. Collecting the intra-textual information is mainly based on a thorough analysis of the source text linguistic peculiarities, whereas the extra-textual information focuses basically on the communicative functional properties of both source and target texts. There exist different approaches towards this procedure and the stages of its accomplishment. Nonetheless, it should be noted that they all lead to a broader spectrum of discourse analysis with its intra-textual and extra-textual parameters and give birth to the translation-oriented pragmatic analysis before initiating translation process itself.

The article focuses on the interrelation and interaction of all the mentioned types of analysis (pragmatic analysis, discourse analysis, pre-translation analysis) as an essential requirement for a relevant translation.
Globalization and Armenian Identity. Challenges and Integration (Armenia and Artsakh)
Authors: Gasparyan Naira
Published: August 2020

In the present paper an effort is made to analyze the deep roots of the concerns and the past-oriented conservative Armenian attitude towards the spread of globalization. Every aspect of human life is being radically transformed due to global changes. It also helps to spread European and American values, create new values. Among the most significant changes observed as a result of globalization are said to be religious and linguo-cultural identity issues. The study of the mentioned issues is vital in an Armenian context since the people of Armenia and Artsakh, during the past 30 years of independence, have been living in an environment of undeclared war with authoritarian aggressive Azerbaijan.
STUDY ON THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF HAND SANITIZERS DEVELOPED BY THE PHARMACEUTICAL CORPORATION (I.M) KERALA LTD (OUSHADHI)
Authors: Prasannakumar Priya , S Balachandran Divya , P Gargi , M U Sreejith
Published: August 2020

Hand sanitizers are used to ensure hygiene in the absence of hand washing facilities or where frequent sanitizing is required especially in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. Handsanitizers using different combinations were prepared at Oushadhi using WHO recommendations and also to promote Kerala Government’s initiative of break the chain campaign. The campaign was launched on 15th March 2020 and it aims to cut down the progress of disease transmission. The efficacy of the batches of sanitizers prepared was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. They were also tested against common air and water contaminants found in the premises which would be of more significance to the general workforce. The susceptibility test was performed by agar well diffusion method and it revealed that the antimicrobial efficacy of the prepared hand sanitizer Batch III with Cymbopogon citratus oil was the most effective among the three combinations. A hedonic sensory evaluation was carried out for better consumer acceptability.
CONSEQUENCE OF PATHYA-APATHYA AND LIFE STYLE IN THE DISORDERS OF URDHVAJATRU (SUPRACLAVICULAR) REGION-A REVIEW
Authors: Divyarani Kathad  , Hemangi Shukla  , Jitendra Varsakiya
Published: August 2020

Our ancient seers have given importance to Shirah (head) as it is part of the body where life along with sense faculties resides. All the sense organs and the channels carrying the sensory and vital impulses from the Shir (head) are like the rays of the sun. It is necessary to care for Urdhvajatru. In Ayurveda classics mentioned the concept of Pathya (wholesome) and Apathaya (unwholesome) as a part of the treatment of the diseases also a part of regime of healthy living. A person needs to follow a healthy diet and regimen so as to prevent any anomalies in life or to maintain good health. Shalakya Tantra has mentioned proper diet to take in particular disease which is necessary to enhance the effect of treatment and prevent the disease and also useful procedures which are part of Dinacharya to maintain routine health. The aim is to evaluate the role of Pathya- Apathya and dietary regimen mentioned in Shalakya Tantra to prevent the supraclavicular disease. Relevant Ayurveda and modern literature, available information on internet etc, were searched. The dietary advice and various Dinacharya modalities gives nourishment to the supra clavicular region and cures ailments of related and also provides preventive and curative benefits.
Criptografía y seguridad en M-COMMERCE
Authors: Romero Romero Cristhian , Alvarado Salinas Yasser , Paladines Enriquez Nixon
Published: August 2020

El presente trabajo analiza los parámetros de seguridad más utilizados en el comercio electrónico realizado a través de dispositivos móviles (m-commerce), dentro de este se hace referencia a los tipos de cifrados que se usan con el fin de precautelar la seguridad de la información, así como también los algoritmos más usados para mantener un alto nivel de confidencialidad, integridad y de disponibilidad de la información financiera de los usuarios. Se investigó el nivel de seguridad que se obtiene mediante el uso de los distintos sistemas criptográficos, y los protocolos más utilizados (SSL-TLS-SE) en las plataformas disponibles para el intercambio de la información. A partir del estudio realizado, se puede concluir que varios de los sistemas de protección de información a nivel criptográfico poseen ciertas falencias a nivel de los protocolos que son usados en las distintas plataformas. Por otra parte, los algoritmos A3, A5, RSA, 3DES y MD5 empleados de la manera correcta son útiles; resulta necesaria la investigación de los restantes, utilizados a nivel del cifrado para comercio electrónico, puesto que se emplean de acuerdo a su requerimiento y arquitectura.
Ventajas competitivas y comparativas del sector camaronero ecuatoriano para encarar al mercado internacional
Authors: Durán Ganchoza Fabiola , Townsend Valencia José
Published: August 2020

El objetivo de la presente investigación es tratar los problemas relacionados con la competitividad del sector camaronero, en función de analizar sus ventajas comparativas, para incursionar de mejor manera en el mercado internacional de EEUU, Unión Europea, Vietnam y China. Por medio de la aplicación del modelo del diamante de Porter se analiza la variable competitividad como las complejidades que presentan el mercado internacional. Como metodología se aplicó un estudio descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo con un análisis correlacional de las variables que permitió elaborar una propuesta dirigida a un grupo focal de siete empresas exportadoras, cuya muestra se tomó considerando que la Provincia de El Oro ocupa el segundo lugar a nivel de producción camaronera, a quienes se les realizó una encuesta atendiendo aspectos administrativos, de organización, y gestión; el estudio podrá ser replicado a nivel nacional e internacional, planteándose la hipótesis de que al reconocer las ventajas competitivas y comparativas del sector permitirá incursionar de una mejor manera en el mercado internacional. Como resultado esperado se plantean como estrategias de gestión: la implementación de plataformas virtuales para establecer micro-macro-ruedas de negocios; la trasformación de procesos productivos (exportador prestador de servicios – productor); el planteamiento de proyectos de ley que incluyan beneficios y subsidios para el sector camaronero; aprovechamiento de acuerdos comerciales con la Unión Europea, entre otros.
Mar Pérez Morillo, Directora de la División de Procesos y Servicios Digitales de la BNE
Authors: Morales Sanabria Carmen
Published: August 2020

Mar Pérez Morillo es doctora en Latín y ha sido profesora de Filología Clásica en la Universidad de Cádiz durante seis años.

Trabaja en la Biblioteca Nacional de España desde 2003, donde ha sido responsable de la web institucional y de las redes sociales de la Biblioteca. En 2009 se hizo cargo del Archivo de la Web Española y del Depósito Legal Electrónico.
Crisis y reinvención de las bibliotecas académicas y especializadas a través de la cooperación bibliotecaria. Dialnet como excusa
Authors: León Marín Joaquín
Published: August 2020

Agradezco a la SEDIC que me haya invitado a participar en un espacio en el que puedo aportar una visión personal en torno a nuestra profesión. Pertenezco a una generación que al acabar su licenciatura aún elaboraba sus trabajos con una máquina de escribir mecánica. Las computadoras en la universidad que yo conocí eran cosa de cuatro iniciados (¡esos locos de matemáticas!), y en el ámbito de las humanidades que me tocó vivir (sí, soy un profesional intruso), eran inexistentes. Estoy confesando que peino canas hace muchos años, pero el objetivo es poner el acento en la tan manida trasformación del mundo que nos ha tocado vivir y trasladarla a la profesión que elegí hace ya unas décadas.
Los secretos oficiales en tiempos del Covid-19
Authors: Rial Quintela María del Carmen
Published: August 2020

Los comúnmente referidos como “secretos oficiales” son, sin duda, el aspecto del derecho de acceso a la información y a los archivos que más frecuente e intensamente se trata en la prensa de ámbito nacional. Tienen presencia en sus titulares palabras y expresiones como “documentos reservados”, “ley franquista”, “marcas de clasificación”, “derogación” o “cerrojazo”, mientras que la alusión a los archivos por lo general hay que buscarla en el desarrollo de la noticia. Su habitual aparición en los medios de comunicación demuestra que el interés por la información clasificada forma parte de la rutina pública (esa que estamos empezando a asumir que no volverá hasta dentro de demasiado tiempo), y el interés se ha mantenido vivo en los diarios incluso durante la vigencia del estado de alarma de las últimas semanas.
SEDIC abierto
Authors: López de la Fuente Elena
Published: August 2020

Noticias de SEDIC
Nociones de rostro y responsabilidad en Emmanuel Levinas: un punto de partida para la comprensión del surgimiento de la ética de la alteridad
Authors: Sánchez Gómez Jorge Andrés
Published: August 2020

Este artículo tiene como propósito ofrecer una clave de lectura sobre la ética de la alteridad de Emmanuel Levinas, a través de las dos ideas fundamentales en su filosofía: «rostro» y «responsabilidad». A partir de ambos conceptos, se propone una alteridad radical, a partir de la cual es posible transformar el egoísmoen auténticas relaciones humanas. La reflexión se centrará en mostrar cómo estos temas han de ser tomados como referentes importantes a la hora de comprender el fenómeno del encuentro con los demás; asimismo, esta lectura de Levinas se propone mostrar de qué forma se puede comprender la ética como filosofía primera. De esta manera, se establece una nueva noción que reposa en la búsqueda de ir más allá del ser, un más allá que, teniendo en cuenta la dimensión del otro, lleve a un compromiso real con su realidad.
La escucha y la alteridad en la educación
Authors: Jaramillo Ocampo Diego Armando , Cortes Morales Erika Jhulyana
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo de reflexión toma en cuenta algunos procesos investigativos llevados a cabo alrededor de la alteridad en educación en los últimos años. Los trabajos han mostrado la relación estrecha entre una alteridad que solicita respuesta y otra que no puede eludir su papel ante el llamado del otro(un llamado que no siempre se expresa con palabras, sino que apela a otras formas de lenguaje en la escuela). El texto pretende mostrar las relaciones existentes entre escucha y alteridad, matizadas por las palabras, los silencios, las experiencias y los acontecimientos que irrumpen en los escenarios educativos.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PAI BERBASIS EKSTRAKURIKULER
Authors: Badriyyah Yoyoh
Published: August 2020

Banyak upaya yang dilakukan sekolah dalam upaya pengembangan pembelajaran PAI di sekolah. Namun upaya-upaya tersebut terkadang masih belum mampu mengatasi persoalan yang muncul di sekolah. Pengelolaan program ekstrakurikuler di sekolah dibutuhkan suatu desain yang terencana dengan baik serta komprehensif mencakup seluruh komponen-komponen pembelajaran. Sebab komponen-komponen pembelajaran tersebut ikut andil mempengarhui tingkat keberhasilan pelaksanaan pembelajran. Krida Nusantara, sebagai sekolah yang berbasis umum telah menunjukan sebuah model dalam pengembangan pembelajaran PAI di sekolah umum yaitu melalui pendekatan inegrasi dengan program ekstrakurikuler keagamaan yang terkelaola dengan baik.hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa keberhasilan penyelenggaraan pembelajaran PAI di sekolah karena ditunjang oleh program ekstrakurikuler pendidikan agama (penag) yang dirancang dan dilaksanakan dengan baik, mulai dari aspek desain pembelajaran (tujuan pembelajaran, materi ajar, proses dan evaluasi), tenaga pengelola (pamong agama), tenaga pengajar, serta pengendalian kendala pembelajaran.
IKHLAS DALAM PERSPEKTIF ALQURAN
Authors: Taufiqurrahman Taufiqurrahman
Published: August 2020

Ikhlas merupakan kesucian hati dalam beribadah atau beramal untuk menuju kepada Allah. Ikhlas adalah suasana kewajiban yang mencerminkan motivasi bathin kearah beribadah kepada Allah dan kearah membersihkan hati dari kecenderungan untuk melakukan perbuatan yang tidak menuju kepada Allah.Terdapat lima aspek penting dalam ikhlas, yaitu (1) ikhlas dalam arti pemurnian agama (2) ikhlas dalam arti pemurnian agama dari hawa nafsu dan perilaku menyimpang; (3) ikhlas dalam arti pemurnian amal dari bermacam-macam penyakit dan noda yang tersembunyi; (4) ikhlas dalam arti pemurnian ucapan dari kata-kata yang tidak berguna, kata-kata buruk, dan kata-kata bualan, serta (5) ikhlas dalam arti pemurnian budi pekerti dengan mengikuti apa yang dikehendaki oleh Tuhan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitaif dengan pendekatan semiotik bayaniyah melalui studi terhadap ayat-ayat yang berkaitan dengan ikhlas.Peneltian dilaksanakan dengan menggali makna-maknayang mendekati bahkanyang tepat untuk mnemukan hakikat makna ikhlas. Beberapa litertur tafsir digunakan untuik mendukung penulisan ini.
Spaghetti Westerns
Authors: Frayling Christopher
Published: August 2020

“Christopher Frayling’s Spaghetti Westerns is a particularly entertaining and enjoyably readable book. Frayling is obviously both a film buff and film critic, so he is able to appreciate Spaghetti Westerns as popular entertainments, to celebrate their cinematic stylishness, while simultaneously knowledgeably exploring their many social and political dimensions.” – Gary Crowdus, Cineaste “Unquestionably the single best book written about the Western.” – Journal of Popular Film and Television
Central precocious puberty – etiology with particular consideration of neurological causes
Authors: Gracjasz-Palikij Izabela , Paprocka Justyna , Gawlik Aneta
Published: August 2020

Central precocious puberty (CPP) is a rare disease of poorly understood etiology. The cause is mostly idiopathic. However, congenital and acquired structural changes in the central nervous system are also involved. Prevalent organic changes in the central nervous system, especially among boys, prompt imaging assessment in each case of CPP. In addition, genetic and environmental factors have been reported. Safe and effective treatment is available. The time of treatment implementation is crucial to the successful outcome. Proper diagnosis and treatment make it possible to avoid a number of complications of untreated CPP. There are only a few studies analyzing the prevalence and risk factors for the disease. The aim of this paper is to discuss the current causes of CPP with particular consideration of neurological aspects.
Medium- to long-term clinical and functional outcomes of isolated and combined subscapularis tears repaired arthroscopically
Authors: Cigolotti Augusto , Biz Carlo , Lerjefors Erik , de Iudicibus Gianfranco , Belluzzi Elisa , Ruggieri Pietro
Published: August 2020

Introduction

The purpose of this study was twofold. First, the efficacy of arthroscopic repair in patients with full thickness, isolated subscapularis tendon tears (I-STTs) or combined subscapularis tendon tears (C-STTs) involving the rotator cuff tendons was evaluated. Second, the outcomes between these two groups were compared. The influence of age and gender on the cohort clinical outcomes was also analysed. Our hypothesis was that satisfactory functional results could be obtained arthroscopically in both groups without any influence of age or gender.

Material and methods

Seventy-nine patients were enrolled: 15 with I-STTs and 64 with C-STTs. The clinical outcomes were assessed using Constant and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for satisfaction. The subscapularis strength was assessed using a comparative dynamometric bear-hug test. Group outcomes were compared, including statistical analysis.

Results

For each group, there were no differences regarding the subscapularis strength of the operated and non-operated shoulders. A comparison of the post- with the pre-operative outcomes showed an increase in the Constant score and a decrease in the NRS. Comparing the two groups, we found no difference in strength of the operated and non-operated shoulders, but a significant difference in relation to pre-operative Constant score and pre-operative NRS. Age was negatively correlated with both pre-operative and post-operative Constant scores. No association was found between gender and the outcomes, although the DASH score was higher in women.

Conclusions

Arthroscopic repair of STTs provided functional restoration, pain relief and patient satisfaction in both groups. Age and gender did not affect the clinical outcomes achieved by arthroscopic STT repair.
On the present and future role of Lp-PLA2 in atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular risk prediction and management
Authors: Fras Zlatko , Tršan Jure , Banach Maciej
Published: August 2020

Circulating concentration and activity of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) have been proven as biomarkers of increased risk of atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Lp-PLA2 might be part of the atherosclerotic process and may contribute to plaque destabilisation through inflammatory activity within atherosclerotic lesions. However, all attempts to translate the inhibition of phospholipase into clinically beneficial ASCVD risk reduction, including in randomised studies, by either non-specific inhibition of sPLA2 (by varespladib) or specific Lp-PLA2 inhibition by darapladib, unexpectedly failed. This gives us a strong imperative to continue research aimed at a better understanding of how Lp-PLA2 and sPLA2 regulate vascular inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque development. From the clinical viewpoint there is a need to establish and validate the existing and emerging novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies to fight against ASCVD development, by using potentially better animal models and differently designed clinical trials in humans.