bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reversible Deposition and Dissolution of Magnesium from Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zhao QingSong , NuLi Yanna , Nasiman Tuerxun , Yang Jun , Wang JiuLin
Published: May 2012

The electrochemical performance of six imidazolium cation-based ionic liquids (ILs) containing 0.3 mol L-1Mg(CF3SO3)2as the electrolytes for magnesium deposition-dissolution was examined by cyclic voltammogramms and constant current discharge-charge techniques. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements were conducted to characterize the morphologies and components of the deposits. The cathodic satiability of imidazolium cations can be improved by increasing the length of alkyls at the 1-position and introducing methyl group at the 2-position of the imidazolium cations. A reversible magnesium deposition-dissolution can be achieved at room temperature. After adding appreciate amount of tetrahydrofuran (THF) organic solvent, the conductivity and the peak currents for Mg deposition and dissolution can be significantly improved. The potential polarization of deposition-dissolution process is decreased using Mg powder electrode.
Solvability of Some Integral Equations in Banach Space and Their Applications to the Theory of Viscoelasticity
Authors: İlhan Onur Alp
Published: May 2012

An integral equation of Volterra type with additional compact operator in Banach space is considered. A special case is an integral equation of contact problem that arises in theory of viscoelasticity of mixed Fredholm and Volterra type with spectral parameter depending on time. In case the initial value of the parameter coincides with some isolated point of the spectrum of compact operator, the conditions of solvability are established.
The Existence and Multiplicity of Positive Solutions for Second-Order Periodic Boundary Value Problem
Authors: Wang Feng , Zhang Fang , Wang Fuli
Published: May 2012

The existence and multiplicity of positive solutions are established for second-order periodic boundary value problem. Our results are based on the theory of a fixed point index for A-proper semilinear operators defined on cones due to Cremins. Our approach is different in essence from other papers and the main results of this paper are also new.
Parameters Symptomatic for Boron Toxicity in Leaves of Tomato Plants
Authors: Cervilla Luis M. , Blasco Begoña , Rios Juan J. , Rosales Miguel A. , Sánchez-Rodríguez Eva , Rubio-Wilhelmi Maria M. , Romero Luis , Ruiz Juan M.
Published: May 2012

The incidence of boron (B) toxicity has risen in areas of intensive agriculture close to the Mediterranean sea. The objective of this research was to study the how B toxicity (0.5 and 2 mM B) affects the time course of different indicators of abiotic stress in leaves of two tomato genotypes having different sensitivity to B toxicity (cv. Kosaco and cv. Josefina). Under the treatments of 0.5 and 2 mM B, the tomato plants showed a loss of biomass and foliar area. At the same time, in the leaves of both cultivars, the B concentration increased rapidly from the first day of the experiment. These results were more pronounced in the cv. Josefina, indicating greater sensitivity than in cv. Kosaco with respect to excessive B in the environment. The levels of O2 •− and anthocyanins presented a higher correlation coefficient (r>0.9) than did the levels of B in the leaf, followed by other indicators of stress, such as GPX, chlorophyll b and proline (r>0.8). Our results indicate that these parameters could be used to evaluate the stress level as well as to develop models that could help prevent the damage inflicted by B toxicity in tomato plants.
Comparative Genomic Analysis ofLactococcus garvieaeStrains Isolated from Different Sources Reveals Candidate Virulence Genes
Authors: Miyauchi Eiji , Toh Hidehiro , Nakano Akiyo , Tanabe Soichi , Morita Hidetoshi
Published: May 2012

Lactococcus garvieaeis a major pathogen for fish. Two complete (ATCC 49156 and Lg2) and three draft (UNIUD074, 8831, and 21881) genome sequences ofL. garvieaehave recently been released. We here present the results of a comparative genomic analysis of these fish and human isolates ofL. garvieae. The pangenome comprised 1,542 core and 1,378 dispensable genes. The sequencedL. garvieaestrains shared most of the possible virulence genes, but the capsule gene cluster was found only in fish-pathogenic strain Lg2. The absence of the capsule gene cluster in other nonpathogenic strains isolated from mastitis and vegetable was also confirmed by PCR. The fish and human isolates ofL. garvieaecontained the specific two and four adhesin genes, respectively, indicating that these adhesion proteins may be involved in the host specificity differences ofL. garvieae. The discoveries revealed by the pangenomic analysis may provide significant insights into the biology ofL. garvieae.
Rapid Disappearance of Penumbra-Like Features near a Flaring Polarity Inversion Line: The Hinode Observations
Authors: Ravindra B. , Gosain Sanjay
Published: May 2012

We present the observations of penumbra-like features (PLFs) near a polarity inversion line (PIL) of flaring region. The PIL is located at the moat boundary of active region (NOAA 10960). The PLFs appear similar to sunspot penumbrae in morphology but occupy small area, about6×107 km2, and are not associated with sunspot or pore. We observed a rapid disappearance of the PLFs after a C1.7 class flare, which occurred close to the PIL. The local correlation tracking (LCT) of these features shows presence of horizontal flows directed away from the end-points of the PLFs, similar to the radial outward flow found around regular sunspots, which is also known as the moat flow. Hard X-ray emission, coincident with the location of the PLFs, is found in RHESSI observations, suggesting a spatial correlation between the occurrence of the flare and decay of the PLFs. Vector magnetic field derived from the observations obtained by Hinode spectropolarimeter SOT/SP instrument, before and after the flare, shows a significant change in the horizontal as well as the vertical component of the field, after the flare. The weakening of both the components of the magnetic field in the flare interval suggests that rapid cancellation and/or submergence of the magnetic field in PLFs occurred during the flare interval.
Evaluation of Clinical and Ultrasonographic Parameters in Psoriatic Arthritis Patients Treated with Adalimumab: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Teoli M. , Zangrilli A. , Chimenti M. S. , Talamonti M. , Bavetta M. , Graceffa D. , Perricone R. , Chimenti S.
Published: May 2012

Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and US-PD parameters in PsA during adalimumab treatment.Methods. A retrospective study has been conducted in forty patients affected by moderate-to-severe peripheral PsA. Clinical, laboratory, and US-PD evaluations were performed at baseline, after 4, 12, and 24 weeks of treatment. They included erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), visual analogue scale (VAS), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) modified for Spondyloarthritis, Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) score, the 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS 28), and US-PD assessment. US-PD findings were scored according to a semiquantitative scale (ranging 0–3) for synovial proliferation (SP), joint effusion (SE), bone erosions (BE), and PD.Results. Data obtained for clinical, laboratory findings and US-PD evaluation showed statistical significant improvement in all the measures performed except for BE. A significant parallel decrease in SE, SP, and PD values were demonstrated.Conclusion. This study demonstrated that US-PD is a valid technique in monitoring the response to adalimumab in moderate-to-severe PsA.
A Combination of Lipoic Acid Plus Coenzyme Q10 Induces PGC1α, a Master Switch of Energy Metabolism, Improves Stress Response, and Increases Cellular Glutathione Levels in Cultured C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells
Authors: Wagner A. E. , Ernst I. M. A. , Birringer M. , Sancak Ö. , Barella L. , Rimbach G.
Published: May 2012

Skeletal muscle function largely depend on intact energy metabolism, stress response, and antioxidant defense mechanisms. In this study, we tested the effect of a combined supplementation ofα-lipoic acid (LA) plus coenzyme Q10 (Q10) on PPARγ-coactivatorα(PGC1α) activity, expression of glutathione-related phase II enzymes and glutathione (GSH) levels in cultured C2C12 myotubes. Supplementation of myotubes with 250 μmol/L LA plus 100 μmol/L Q10 significantly increased nuclear levels of PGC1α, a master switch of energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. The increase of nuclear PGC1αwas accompanied by an increase in PPARγtransactivation, a downstream target of PGC1α, and an increase in mitochondrial transcription factor A mRNA centrally involved in mitochondrial replication and transcription. Furthermore, supplementation of myotubes with LA plus Q10 resulted in an increase of genes encoding proteins involved in stress response, GSH synthesis, and its recycling. In LA-plus-Q10-treated myotubes a significant 4-fold increase in GSH was evident. This increase in GSH was accompanied by increased nuclear Nrf2 protein levels, partly regulatingγGCS and GST gene expression. Present data suggest that the combined supplementation of skeletal muscle cells with LA plus Q10 may improve energy homeostasis, stress response, and antioxidant defense mechanisms.
Acute Eosinophilic Ascites in a Middle-Aged Man
Authors: Bleibel Fadi , Fragoza Keith , Faller Garrey T.
Published: May 2012

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare condition characterized by recurrent eosinophilic infiltration of portions of the GI tract and presenting with nonspecific GI symptoms in association with peripheral eosinophilia. Its etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear and its symptoms overlap with many GI and systemic diseases. Thus, both gastroenterologists and general internists need to be aware of this rare condition. We present a case of a 55-year-old male with diffuse abdominal pain and distention for two weeks. His physical examination was significant for moderate ascites. Initial work-up demonstrated severe peripheral blood eosinophilia, normal liver function tests, thickening of the stomach and small bowel wall, and elevated serum IgE. Upper endoscopy and extensive testing for malignancy and parasitic infections failed to establish a diagnosis. Ascitic fluid analysis showed significant eosinophilia. Further, a full-thickness jejunal showed marked eosinophilic infiltration of the serosa and muscularis propria. Subsequent treatment with oral prednisone resulted in normalization of laboratory and radiologic abnormalities in a few week period.
Subcutaneous Fluid Administration: A Potentially Useful Tool in Prehospital Care
Authors: Arthur Annette O. , Goodloe Jeffrey M. , Thomas Stephen H.
Published: May 2012

Mass casualty incidents (MCIs) and disaster medical situations are ideal settings in which there is need for a novel approach to infusing fluids and medications into a patient’s intravascular space. An attractive new approach would avoid the potentially time-consuming needlestick and venous cannulation requiring a trained practitioner. In multiple-patient situations, trained practitioners are not always available in sufficient numbers to enable timely placement of intravenous catheters. The novel approach for intravascular space infusion, described in this paper involves the preadministration of the enzyme, human recombinant hyaluronidase (HRH), into the subcutaneous (SC) space, via an indwelling catheter. The enzyme “loosens” the SC space effectively enhancing the absorption of fluids and medication.
Asymptotic Behavior of a Class of Evolution Variational Inequalities
Authors: Qi Ailing
Published: May 2012

We establish a new LaSalle′s invariance principle and discuss the asymptotic behavior of a class of first‐order evolution variational inequalities.
On Nonlinear Neutral Fractional Integrodifferential Inclusions with Infinite Delay
Authors: Li Fang , Xiao Ti-Jun , Xu Hong-Kun
Published: May 2012

Of concern is a class of nonlinear neutral fractional integrodifferential inclusions with infinite delay in Banach spaces. A theorem about the existence of mild solutions to the fractional integrodifferential inclusions is obtained based on Martelli’s fixed point theorem. An example is given to illustrate the existence result.
Necessary and Sufficient Condition for the Existence of Solutions to a Discrete Second‐Order Boundary Value Problem
Authors: Gao Chenghua
Published: May 2012

This paper is concerned with the existence of solutions for the discrete second‐order boundary value problem Δ2u(t − 1) + λ1u(t) + g(Δu(t)) = f(t), t ∈ {1,2, …, T}, u(0) = u(T + 1) = 0, where T > 1 is an integer, f : {1, …, T} → ℝ, g : ℝ → ℝ is bounded and continuous, and λ1 is the first eigenvalue of the eigenvalue problem Δ2u(t − 1) + λu(t) = 0, t ∈ 𝕋, u(0) = u(T + 1) = 0.
An Acute Case of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus with Ophthalmoplegia
Authors: Hakim Wasim , Sherman Rosalie , Rezk Tamer , Pannu Kanwar
Published: May 2012

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) with oculomotor nerve involvement is rare, even rarer as an acute presentation rather than sequelae of HZO. In this paper we present a case of cutaneous HZO in which our patient's initial presentation was one of complete ophthalmoplegia.
Surgical Treatment of a Chronically Recurring Case of Cervical Mucocele in a German Shepherd Dog
Authors: Kazemi Davoud , Doustar Yousef , Assadnassab Gholamreza
Published: May 2012

A-six-year old male German shepherd dog with swelling and enlargement of the intermandibular and cervical region with a duration of nearly one year was referred to the small animal veterinary hospital, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. Based on the history, clinical findings, and laboratory investigations, the animal was diagnosed as having cervical mucocele with the involvement of the left sublingual and mandibular salivary glands. Surgical treatment consisting of the excision of the involved gland/duct complex was immediately undertaken with definitive results. Clinical and histopathologic features of this chronic case of canine salivary mucocele are presented in this paper.
Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Dialysis Patients Assessed by Novel Speckle Tracking Strain Rate Analysis: Prevalence and Determinants
Authors: de Bie Mihály K. , Ajmone Marsan Nina , Gaasbeek André , Bax Jeroen J. , Groeneveld Marc , Gabreels Bas A. , Delgado Victoria , Rabelink Ton J. , Schalij Martin J. , Jukema J. Wouter
Published: May 2012

Background. Diastolic dysfunction is common among dialysis patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Novel echocardiographic speckle tracking strain analysis permits accurate assessment of left ventricular diastolic function, independent of loading conditions and taking all myocardial segments into account. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of diastolic dysfunction in chronic dialysis patients using this novel technique, and to identify its determinants among clinical and echocardiographic variables.Methods. Patients currently enrolled in the ICD2 study protocol were included for this analysis. Next to conventional echo measurements diastolic function was also assessed by global diastolic strain rate during isovolumic relaxation (SRIVR).Results. A total of 77 patients were included (age67±8years, 74% male). When defined as E/SRIVR≥236, the prevalence of diastolic dysfunction was higher compared to more conventional measurements (48% versus 39%). Left ventricular mass (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.04,P=0.014) and pulse wave velocity (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.07–1.68,P=0.01) were independent determinants of diastolic dysfunction.Conclusion. Diastolic dysfunction is highly prevalent among dialysis patients and might be underestimated using conventional measurements. Left ventricular mass and pulse wave velocity were the only determinants of diastolic dysfunction in these patients.
A Software Tool for Optimal Sizing of PV Systems in Malaysia
Authors: Khatib Tamer , Mohamed Azah , Sopian K.
Published: May 2012

This paper presents a MATLAB based user friendly software tool called as PV.MY for optimal sizing of photovoltaic (PV) systems. The software has the capabilities of predicting the metrological variables such as solar energy, ambient temperature and wind speed using artificial neural network (ANN), optimizes the PV module/ array tilt angle, optimizes the inverter size and calculate optimal capacities of PV array, battery, wind turbine and diesel generator in hybrid PV systems. The ANN based model for metrological prediction uses four meteorological variables, namely, sun shine ratio, day number and location coordinates. As for PV system sizing, iterative methods are used for determining the optimal sizing of three types of PV systems, which are standalone PV system, hybrid PV/wind system and hybrid PV/diesel generator system. The loss of load probability (LLP) technique is used for optimization in which the energy sources capacities are the variables to be optimized considering very low LLP. As for determining the optimal PV panels tilt angle and inverter size, the Liu and Jordan model for solar energy incident on a tilt surface is used in optimizing the monthly tilt angle, while a model for inverter efficiency curve is used in the optimization of inverter size.
Pseudoaneurysm Accompanied by Crowe Type IV Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: A Case Report
Authors: Yo Hirotake , Ohashi Hirotsugu , Inori Fumiaki , Okajima Yoshiaki , Matsui Yoshio , Shintani Kosuke
Published: May 2012

We report the case of a 72-year-old woman whose pseudoaneurysm was difficult to diagnose and treat. The patient had a history of congenital dislocated hip and was undergoing anticoagulation therapy with warfarin due to the mitral valve replacement. Her chief complaint was pain and enlargement of the left buttock, and the laboratory tests revealed severe anemia. However, her elderly depression confused her chief complaint, and she was transferred to a psychiatric hospital. Two months after the onset of the symptoms, she was finally diagnosed with a pseudoaneurysm by contrast-enhanced CT and angiography. IDC coils were used for embolization. A plain CT showed hemostasis as well as a reduced hematoma at 2 months after the embolization. The possible contributing factors for the pseudoaneurysm included bleeding due to warfarin combined with an intramuscular hematoma accompanied by Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip that led to an arterial rupture by impingement between pelvis and femoral head. Since the warfarin treatment could not be halted due to the valve replacement, embolization was chosen for her treatment, and the treatment outcome was favorable.
Identification of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Ren Hong , Tan Zhi-Ping , Zhu Xin , Crosby Katherine , Haack Herbert , Ren Jian-Min , Beausoleil Sean , Moritz Albrecht , Innocenti Gregory , Rush John , Zhang Yi , Zhou Xin-Min , Gu Ting-Lei , Yang Yi-Feng , Comb Michael J.
Published: May 2012

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer. Improvement in the clinical outcome of patients is likely to be achieved by the identification of molecular events that underlie the oncogenesis of ovarian cancer. Here we show that the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is aberrantly activated in ovarian cancer. Using an unbiased and global phosphoproteomic approach, we profiled 69 Chinese primary ovarian tumor tissues and found ALK to be aberrantly expressed and phosphorylated in 4 tumors. Genetic characterization of these ALK-positive tumors indicated that full-length ALK expression in two serous carcinoma patients is consistent with ALK gene copy number gain, whereas a stromal sarcoma patient carries a novel transmembrane ALK fusion gene: FN1-ALK. Biochemical and functional analysis showed that both full-length ALK and FN1-ALK are oncogenic, and tumors expressing ALK or FN1-ALK are sensitive to ALK kinase inhibitors. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis of ovarian tumor tissue microarray detected aberrant ALK expression in 2% to 4% serous carcinoma patients. Our findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer and identify ALK as a potential therapeutic target in a subset of serous ovarian carcinoma and stromal sarcoma patients. Cancer Res; 72(13); 3312–23. ©2012 AACR.
Genetic Variants, Prediagnostic Circulating Levels of Insulin-like Growth Factors, Insulin, and Glucose and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: The Multiethnic Cohort Study
Authors: Ollberding Nicholas J. , Cheng Iona , Wilkens Lynne R. , Henderson Brian E. , Pollak Michael N. , Kolonel Laurence N. , Le Marchand Loïc
Published: May 2012

Background: Increased exposure of colonic and rectal epithelial cells to the promitotic and antiapoptotic effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGF) is hypothesized to increase colorectal cancer risk.

Methods: In a case–control study nested within the Multiethnic Cohort, we attempted to replicate associations for five genetic variants associated with IGF system biomarkers, insulin, or glucose and to examine their association with the risk of colorectal cancer. In a subset of participants, the association between circulating biomarkers and colorectal cancer risk was examined. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for genetic variants (1,954 cases/2,587 controls) and serum biomarkers (258 cases/1,701 controls).

Results: Associations with circulating biomarkers were replicated in the Multiethnic Cohort for IGF1 rs35767 and for IGFBP3 rs2854744, rs2854746, and rs3110697 (P < 0.05). Homozygous carriers of the glucokinase regulator (GCKR) rs780094 variant T-allele were at a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64–0.92). In risk factor–adjusted models, participants with the highest prediagnostic IGF-II levels were at an increased risk [OR (T1 vs. T3), 1.58; 95% CI, 1.09–2.28; Ptrend = 0.011] and participants with the highest prediagnostic IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 levels were at a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.34–0.83; Ptrend = 0.003).

Conclusion: These data provide further support for a role of prediagnostic IGF and insulin levels in the etiology of colorectal cancer.

Impact: Future studies attempting to replicate the association between the GCKR rs780094 variant and the risk of colorectal cancer are warranted. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(5); 810–20. ©2012 AACR.
Genetic Polymorphisms in Oxidative Stress Pathway Genes and Modification of BMI and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Kim Christopher , Zheng Tongzhang , Lan Qing , Chen Yingtai , Foss Francine , Chen Xuezhong , Holford Theodore , Leaderer Brian , Boyle Peter , Chanock Stephen J. , Rothman Nathaniel , Zhang Yawei
Published: May 2012

Background: Being overweight and obese increases oxidative stress in the body. To test the hypothesis that genetic variations in oxidative stress pathway genes modify the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), we conducted a population-based case–control study in Connecticut women.

Methods: Individuals who were overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25) were compared with normal and underweight individuals (BMI < 25), and their risk of NHL stratified assuming a dominant allele model for each oxidative stress pathway single-nucleotide polymorphism.

Results: Polymorphisms in AKR1A1, AKR1C1, AKR1C3, CYBA, GPX1, MPO, NCF2, NCF4, NOS1, NOS2A NOS3, OGG1, ATG9B, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, RAC1, and RAC2 genes after false discovery rate adjustment did not modify the association between BMI and risk of NHL overall and histologic subtypes.

Conclusions: The results suggest that common genetic variations in oxidative stress genes do not modify the relationship between BMI and risk of NHL.

Impact: Studies of BMI and oxidative stress independently may elevate NHL risk, but this study suggests no interaction of the two risk factors. Future studies with larger study populations may reveal interactions. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(5); 866–8. ©2012 AACR.
Does Electric Light Stimulate Cancer Development in Children?
Authors: Stevens Richard G.
Published: May 2012

Incidence of cancer in children has increased in recent decades, and known risk factors can account for only a small minority of cases. Gestation and early childhood are particularly vulnerable periods in human development and an important aspect of development is in circadian rhythmicity. Emerging evidence implicates the molecular circadian mechanism in a vast array of other physiologic functions including metabolism, DNA damage response and cell-cycle regulation. Electric light exposure at night can disrupt circadian rhythms and, thereby, many other physiologic processes that are under circadian control. On this basis, it is proposed that ill-timed electric light exposure to pregnant women, to neonates, infants, and small children may increase cancer risk in those children. There are practical implications and interventions that accrue from this idea should it later be confirmed to be true. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(5); 701–4. ©2012 AACR.
The Effect of Additional Topical Cyclosporine or Vitamin A on the Ocular Surface during Antiglaucoma Medication Administration
Authors: Cho Hyun Kyung , Park Myoung Hee , Moon Jung Il
Published: May 2012

Purpose: To investigate the effects of topical application of cyclosporine or vitamin A on the ocular surface during the concurrent administration of antiglaucoma drugs. Methods: Thirty rabbits were randomized into 5 groups. Group 1 was administered timolol, group 2 received travoprost, group 3 received a travoprost/timolol fixed combination solution, group 4 received timolol and travoprost, and group 5 received timolol, travoprost, and dorzolamide. Each group was divided into a subgroup that received only the antiglaucoma medication (subgroup A), a subgroup that received topical cyclosporine in addition to the antiglaucoma medication (subgroup B), and a subgroup that received topical vitamin A in addition to the antiglaucoma medication (subgroup C). Conjunctival impression cytology specimens were collected at baseline and at weeks 1, 3, and 6. Conjunctival biopsy specimens were collected at week 6. Results: The impression cytologic study results are as follows: statistically significant differences were found between groups 4A and 4B and between groups 4A and 4C at week 6 (p = 0.004, p = 0.006, respectively) and between groups 5A and 5B and between groups 5A and 5C at weeks 3 and 6 (p = 0.006, p = 0.008 at week 3, p = 0.003, p = 0.004 at week 6, respectively). No statistically significant differences were found between subgroup B and subgroup C in any of the groups at any of the times evaluated (p > 0.05). The conjunctival biopsy specimens from groups 1, 2, and 3 showed no distortion, but groups 4A and 5A showed distortion of the conjunctival epithelial structures. Groups 4B, 4C, 5B, and 5C showed less distortion of the conjunctival epithelial structures. Conclusion: Administration of cyclosporine or vitamin A may reduce the adverse ocular surface changes caused by long-term administration of antiglaucoma drugs.
Poloxamines for Deswelling of Organ-Cultured Corneas
Authors: Zhao M. , Campolmi N. , Thuret G. , Piselli S. , Acquart S. , Peoc’h M. , Gain P.
Published: May 2012

Background: Poloxamines are amphiphilic tetrofunctional block copolymers composed of four polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene arms joined to a central ethylene diamine bridge. Their safe profile allows diverse pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Aim: To assess their use for corneal deswelling using a porcine model of organ culture (OC). Methods: Five poloxamines (T90R4, T904, T908, T1107 and T1307) were dissolved in a standard commercial OC medium (control) to reach 350 mosm kg–1. In vitro cytotoxicity was tested using MTT assay on human corneal epithelial and endothelial cell (EC) lines and on primary human corneal fibroblasts. Paired porcine corneas stored in OC for 3 days were assigned for 48 h to a poloxamine medium or to a standard deswelling medium containing 5% dextran T500. Corneal EC density, morphometry, mortality, stromal thickness and transparency were evaluated before and after deswelling. Post-deswelling, EC viability/mortality was determined using a fluorescent live/dead assay. Results: Besides similar corneal thickness reduction and transparency improvement, T908, T1107 and T1307 decreased EC loss (5.4 ± 1.7% vs. 9.9 ± 2.6% in controls (p < 0.001)) and mortality, improved EC morphometry and reduced endothelial lesions compared to dextran. Conclusion: On this porcine model, poloxamines T908, T1107 and T1307 appear as good candidates to replace dextran for the deswelling. Experiments on human corneas are now necessary to confirm their efficiency and safety profile in OC.
Cavum Veli Interpositi: Just an Anatomical Variant or a Potentially Symptomatic CSF Compartmentalization?
Authors: Giussani Carlo , Fiori Leonardo , Trezza Andrea , Riva Matteo , Sganzerla Erik P.
Published: May 2012

Background: The cavum veli interpositi (CVI) usually is a small CSF-containing abnormality of septum pellucidum, asymptomatic and rare after the age of 3 years. When symptomatic, it is large and can be related to psychiatric disorders, syndromic association of mental retardation and seizures or to hydrocephalus. Methods: This is the first reported case of an otherwise healthy pediatric patient with a large CVI experiencing episodes of hypertonic loss of consciousness unrelated to epileptic, cardiologic or psychiatric causes without signs of chronic increase in intracranial pressure (ICP). Results: Supposing a CSF compartmentalization in the CVI as the cause of acute poussés of ICP due to block of CSF pathways and considering the severity of the symptoms, an endoscopic fenestration was performed with a reduction of cyst dimensions. Conclusion: We suggest considering the fenestration of large CVI even in otherwise asymptomatic patients to avoid the risk of CSF compartmentalization with ICP poussés.
Prevalence of Minimal Change Lesions in Patients with Non-Erosive Reflux Disease: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Kim Jin Bae , Shin Su Rin , Shin Woon Geon , Choi Min Ho , Jang Hyun Joo , Kim Kyung Oh , Park Cheol Hee , Baek Il Hyun , Baik Gwang Ho , Kim Kyung Ho , Park Sang Hoon , Kae Sea Hyub , Lee Myung Seok , Kim Hak Yang
Published: May 2012

Background/Aims: Some minimal changes (MCs) are believed to have a certain relationship with gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). Nonetheless, the individual meaning of MC is still unclear. Our aim was to compare the overall and individual prevalence of MC between patients with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) and healthy controls (HC). Methods: Twelve endoscopic findings in the esophagogastric junction were prospectively compared between NERD (n = 64) and control (n = 104). Results: Overall frequency of MC (≥1 out of 12 criteria) was higher in the NERD group (71.9%) than in the HC group (45.2%). In individual analysis, white mucosal turbidity, irregular Z-line, horizontal erosions, and mucosal protrusion of cardia were significantly more common in the NERD group compared to controls. Among them, only white mucosal turbidity was independently associated with the NERD group (OR 3.97, 95% CI 1.72–9.13). Individuals with male gender, reflux symptoms, higher height, current smoking, ethanol intake and hiatal hernia were more likely to have white mucosal turbidity compared to the group without white turbidity. Conclusions: MC could be a useful marker to support clinical diagnosis of GERD. White mucosal turbidity in particular might be a GERD-specific sign related to acid-induced mucosal damage.
Estradiol/Testosterone Imbalance: Impact on Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Dai Wen , Li Yan , Zheng Hongyun
Published: May 2012

Objective: Several groups have reported the important role of the estradiol/testosterone (E2/T) ratio in benign prostatic hyperplasia and cerebral vessels. However, there has been no study on the role of the E2/T ratio in women with coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aimed to evaluate the association among the ratio of sex hormones and known risk factors of atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with CHD. Methods: 114 controls and 124 postmenopausal women with CHD were selected for this study. Serum levels of estradiol, testosterone, aromatase, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), lipid-lipoprotein profile and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were determined. Results: Compared with the control, the E2/T ratio decreased from 5.35 ± 2.78 to 3.88 ± 2.51 (p < 0.0001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the E2/T ratio was negatively associated with total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and the atherogenic index of plasma, but positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and HDL-c/LDL-c (for all, p < 0.0001). We found that there was a negative correlation between the E2/T ratio and aromatase (r = –0.192, p = 0.032) and a positive correlation between aromatase and SHBG (r = 0.938). Conclusion: The balance of the serum E2/T ratio was broken in the women with CHD, and an imbalanced E2/T ratio showed a strong association with cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women with CHD.
Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants in the Practice of Pediatric Neurosurgery: A Clinical Report
Authors: James Hector E. , MacGregor Teresa L. , Postlethwait Richard A. , Hofrichter Paul B. , Aldana Phillip R.
Published: May 2012

Objective: This report addresses the clinical experience of the Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery with dedicated nurse practitioners and a physician assistant (PA) in outpatient and inpatient health care delivery, including surgical activities, as well as participation with the neurosurgery call schedule, quality improvement, teaching, and clinical research activities. Methods: We report on the activities of allied health personnel in the Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery for the purpose of identifying the current and future role for health care delivery, related to the care of the child with a neurosurgical condition. This addresses the participation of 2 advanced registered nurse practitioners (ARNPs) and a PA in the outpatient and inpatient setting, call schedule, interventions in and out of the operating room, quality improvement sessions, continuing medical education, clinical research, clinical databases, presentations in meetings, teaching, and scientific publications. Results: This report covers the period from September 2003 (when the division was initiated) to February 2011. The division currently consists of 3 pediatric neurosurgeons, 2 ARNPs and 1 PA. The ARNPs/PA have participated in the pediatric neurosurgery clinic held 5 half-days per week, the monthly multidisciplinary clinics (Spinal Defects Clinic, Pediatric Neurosciences Clinic, and the Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy Center working group), and inpatient care, as well as assisting in operative interventions. They participated in the on-call schedule and attended the monthly quality improvement sessions of the division in addition to presenting papers and topics in the monthly continuing medical education session. The PA maintained a computerized database of operative interventions, coding, morbidities, and outcomes. All were involved in teaching activities. They prepared preoperative and postoperative orders and practice guidelines, and they were also involved in the preparation of the database of institutional clinical research projects. They have presented posters in a total of 9 national and 2 international meetings, and have co-authored 8 manuscripts published in peer review journals. Conclusion: The ARNP/PA members have been active participants in all functions of the Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery. They have facilitated the work of the faculty in day-to-day activities and enhanced the scope of divisional activities, providing a team approach for the care of the patients, families, and caretakers.
Morphometric Analysis of the Optic Nerve in Experimental Hydrocephalus-Induced Rats
Authors: Aisengart Betina , Kajiwara João Kazuyuki , Veríssimo Meira Karinna , da Silva Lopes Luiza
Published: May 2012

Purpose: It was the aim of this study to investigate changes caused to the optic nerve of rats submitted to experimental hydrocephalus through morphometric analysis. Method: At postnatal day 7, the rats underwent injection of kaolin into the cisterna magna, were sacrificed at postnatal day 14, 21 or 28, and the right optic nerves were dissected. We analyzed the area, minor diameter, densities of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, total and damaged fibers as well as the relationship between damaged and total fibers. Results: At postnatal day 14, there was a reduction in the density of astrocytes and damaged fibers when compared to the controls. At postnatal day 21, the area and the minor diameter were reduced compared to the controls, and the densities of oligodendrocytes and damaged fibers were increased compared to the controls. At postnatal day 28, there was a reduction in the area and the minor diameter and an increase in the densities of oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and damaged fibers when compared to controls. Conclusion: The optic nerve of rats submitted to experimental hydrocephalus suffers morphometric changes.
Minimal Homozygous Endothelial Deletion of Eng with VEGF Stimulation Is Sufficient to Cause Cerebrovascular Dysplasia in the Adult Mouse
Authors: Choi Eun-Jung , Walker Espen J. , Shen Fanxia , Oh S. Paul , Arthur Helen M. , Young William L. , Su Hua
Published: May 2012

Background: Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) represent a high risk for hemorrhagic stroke, leading to significant neurological morbidity and mortality in young adults. The etiopathogenesis of bAVM remains unclear. Research progress has been hampered by the lack of animal models. Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) patients with haploinsufficiency of endoglin (ENG, HHT1) or activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1, HHT2) have a higher incidence of bAVM than the general population. We previously induced cerebrovascular dysplasia in the adult mouse that resembles human bAVM through Alk1 deletion plus vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulation. We hypothesized that Eng deletion plus VEGF stimulation would induce a similar degree of cerebrovascular dysplasia as the Alk1-deleted brain. Methods: Ad-Cre (an adenoviral vector expressing Cre recombinase) and AAV-VEGF (an adeno-associated viral vector expressing VEGF) were co-injected into the basal ganglia of 8- to 10-week-old Eng2f/2f (exons 5 and 6 flanked by loxP sequences), Alk12f/2f (exons 4–6 flanked by loxP sequences) and wild-type (WT) mice. Vascular density, dysplasia index, and gene deletion efficiency were analyzed 8 weeks later. Results: AAV-VEGF induced a similar degree of angiogenesis in the brain with or without Alk1- or Eng-deletion. Abnormally patterned and dilated dysplastic vessels were found in the viral vector-injected region of Alk12f/2f and Eng2f/2f brain sections, but not in WT. Alk12f/2f mice had about 1.8-fold higher dysplasia index than Eng2f/2f mice (4.6 ± 1.9 vs. 2.5 ± 1.1, p < 0.05). However, after normalization of the dysplasia index with the gene deletion efficiency (Alk12f/2f: 16% and Eng2f/2f: 1%), we found that about 8-fold higher dysplasia was induced per copy of Eng deletion (2.5) than that of Alk1 deletion (0.3). ENG-negative endothelial cells were detected in the Ad-Cre-treated brain of Eng2f/2f mice, suggesting homozygous deletion of Eng in the cells. VEGF induced more severe vascular dysplasia in the Ad-Cre-treated brain of Eng2f/2f mice than that of Eng+/– mice. Conclusions: (1) Deletion of Eng induces more severe cerebrovascular dysplasia per copy than that of Alk1 upon VEGF stimulation. (2) Homozygous deletion of Eng with angiogenic stimulation may be a promising strategy for development of a bAVM mouse model. (3) The endothelial cells that have homozygous causal gene deletion in AVM could be crucial for lesion development.
Ultrasound-Aided Fixation of Biodegradable Implants in Pediatric Craniofacial Surgery
Authors: Aldana Philipp R. , Wieder Kenneth , Postlethwait Richard A. , James Hector E. , Steinberg Barry
Published: May 2012

Purpose: Bioresorbable implant systems have been used for the rigid fixation of cranial and facial bones. A relatively recent advancement has been the fixation of these implants using an ultrasonic device. Published reports with such a device in pediatric craniofacial surgery have been limited. We report our experience with ultrasound-aided fixation of bioresorbable implants in the craniofacial surgery of children. Methods: We retrospectively examined the clinical information, complications and outcome following the use of a commercially available ultrasound-aided bioresorbable implant system (SonicWeld Rx™, KLS Martin, Jacksonville, Fla., USA) during craniofacial surgery by University of Florida College of Medicine Jacksonville surgeons. Follow-up was obtained via clinical examination or telephone interview. Results: Over a period of 3 years, 37 pediatric patients (age range: 2 months to 16 years) had placement of these implants for immediate bony fixation during craniofacial procedures. Pathology consisted mainly of craniosynostosis (n = 19), and trauma (n = 16). Twenty-eight had combined craniofacial procedures; 9 patients had facial procedures. Reoperation was performed for: wound infection (n = 1), plate extrusion (n = 1). Delayed subcutaneous plate-related swelling was seen in 5 patients (4 were infants) and had a benign clinical course. Good cosmetic outcomes were seen in all patients. Conclusions: The use of a bioresorbable implant system with ultrasound-aided pin fixation in pediatric craniofacial surgery achieves rapid fixation with minimal morbidity and good cosmetic outcome. This system is easy to use and provides reliable stability in the setting of pediatric trauma and craniosynostosis.
Unbalanced 1q Whole-Arm Translocation Resulting in der(14)t(1;14)(q11–12;p11) in Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Fogu G. , Campus P.M. , Cambosu F. , Moro M.A. , Sanna R. , Fozza C. , Nieddu R.M. , Longinotti M. , Montella A.
Published: May 2012

Unbalanced whole-arm translocations (WATs) of the long arm of chromosome 1, resulting in complete trisomy 1q, are chromosomal abnormalities detectable in both solid tumors and hematologic neoplasms. Among the WATs of 1q to acrocentric chromosomes, a few patients with der(1;15) described as a dicentric chromosome have been reported so far, whereas cases of der(1;14) are much rarer. We report on a case of der(1;14) detected as single anomaly in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome. The aim of our work was to investigate the breakpoints of the (1;14) translocation leading to the der(1;14). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments have been performed on chromosome preparations from bone marrow aspirate, using specific centromeric probes of both chromosomes, as well as a probe mapping to 1q11 band. FISH results showed that in our patient the derivative chromosome was monocentric with a unique centromere derived from chromosome 14. The breakpoints of the translocation were located in the short arm of chromosome 14 and in the long arm of chromosome 1, between the alphoid D1Z5 and the satellite II domains. The 1q breakpoint was within the pericentromeric region of chromosome 1, which is notoriously an unstable chromosomal region, involved in different chromosomal rearrangements.
Appropriateness of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Washington State
Authors: Bradley Steven M. , Maynard Charles , Bryson Chris L.
Published: May 2012

Background—

In anticipation of applying Appropriate Use Criteria for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) quality improvement, we determined the prevalence of appropriate, uncertain, and inappropriate PCIs stratified by indication for all PCIs performed in the state of Washington.

Methods and Results—

Within the Clinical Outcomes Assessment Program, we assigned appropriateness ratings to all PCIs performed in 2010 in accordance with published Appropriate Use Criteria. Of 13 291 PCIs, we successfully mapped the clinical scenario to the Appropriate Use Criteria in 9924 (75%) cases. Of the 3367 PCIs not classified, common failures to map to the criteria included nonacute PCI without prior noninvasive stress results (n = 1906; 57%) and unstable angina without high-risk features (n = 902; 27%). Of mapped PCIs, 8010 (71%) were for acute indications, with 7887 (98%) rated as appropriate, 39 (<1%) as uncertain, and 84 (1%) as inappropriate. Of 1914 mapped nonacute indications, 847 (44%) were rated as appropriate, 748 (39%) as uncertain, and 319 (17%) as inappropriate. Assuming results for noninvasive stress tests when data were missing, in the best-case scenario, 319 (8%) of nonacute PCIs were classified as inappropriate compared with 1459 (38%) in the worst-case scenario. Variation in inappropriate PCIs by facility was greatest for mapped nonacute indications (median = 14%; 25
th
to 75
th
percentiles = 9% to 24%) and nonacute indications with missing data precluding appropriateness classification (median = 54%; 25
th
to 75
th
percentiles = 35% to 66%).

Conclusions—

In a complete cohort of PCIs performed in Washington state, 1% of PCIs for acute indications and 17% of PCIs for nonacute indications were classified as inappropriate. Missing data on noninvasive stress tests present a challenge in the application of the criteria for quality improvement.
Improving Blood Pressure Control Through a Clinical Pharmacist Outreach Program in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus in 2 High-Performing Health Systems
Authors: Heisler Michele , Hofer Timothy P. , Schmittdiel Julie A. , Selby Joe V. , Klamerus Mandi L. , Bosworth Hayden B. , Bermann Martin , Kerr Eve A.
Published: May 2012

Background—

Even in high-performing health systems, some patients with diabetes mellitus have poor blood pressure (BP) control because of poor medication adherence and lack of medication intensification. We examined whether the Adherence and Intensification of Medications intervention, a pharmacist-led intervention combining elements found in efficacy studies to lower BP, improved BP among patients with diabetes mellitus with persistent hypertension and poor refill adherence or insufficient medication intensification in 2 high-performing health systems.

Methods and Results—

We conducted a prospective, multisite cluster randomized pragmatic trial with randomization of 16 primary care teams at 5 medical centers (3 Veterans Affairs and 2 Kaiser Permanente) to the Adherence and Intensification of Medications intervention or usual care. The primary outcome was relative change in systolic BP (SBP), comparing 1797 intervention with 2303 control team patients, from 6 months preceding to 6 months after the 14-month intervention period. We examined shorter-term changes in SBP as a secondary outcome. The mean SBP decrease from 6 months before to 6 months after the intervention period was ≈9 mm Hg in both arms. Mean SBPs of eligible intervention patients were 2.4 mm Hg lower (95% CI: −3.4 to −1.5;
P
<0.001) immediately after the intervention than those achieved by control patients.

Conclusions—

The Adherence and Intensification of Medications program more rapidly lowered SBPs among intervention patients, but usual-care patients achieved equally low SBP levels by 6 months after the intervention period. These findings show the importance of evaluating in different real-life clinical settings programs found in efficacy trials to be effective before urging their widespread adoption in all settings.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00495794.