bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sedimentary facies assemblages of the Selendi Supradetachment Basin (Western Turkey): Implications for balancing subsidence and sedimentation in a Neogene lacustrine basin
Authors: Ilgar Ayhan , Tuncay Ercan , Bozkurt Alper , Ergen Ali , Esirtgen Tolga
Published: July 2024

The Selendi Basin developed as a supradetachment basin on the Simav detachment fault in response to the continental extension in western Turkey (Türkiye) and the associated Menderes Massif uplift. Process‐based facies analyses were used to define and interpret the depositional evolution of the lacustrine Selendi Basin. The Early‐Middle Miocene deposits are composed of stream‐dominated alluvial fans, foreshore, shoreface, shoal‐water delta and offshore transition facies assemblages, which are laterally and vertically transitional throughout the succession. The alluvial fan and nearshore deposits reveal that the topography of the basin floor and the coastal plain was gently inclined. Shoal‐water deltas, 70–250 cm thick, in the delta complex reflect comparable water depths and a relative rise in lake level, ultimately attributable to basin subsidence. Shallow environmental conditions prevailed during the basin's evolution, as evidenced by widespread nearshore deposits along its southern margin. The facies assemblages forming the basin's southern part show a predominantly aggradational stacking pattern, recording a balance between the sediment supply and a steadily growing basin accommodation. The balanced fill deposition and aggradational stacking pattern of the sedimentary facies associations indicate that the rate of basin subsidence and the uplift of the Menderes Massif was relatively consistent. This study shows that the intensity of a synsedimentary fault system, especially one leading to basin opening, plays a crucial role in controlling the architecture and sedimentary facies of the basin succession, both by creating accommodation and by filling it.
Antifouling Properties of Electrospun Polymeric Coatings Induced by Controlled Surface Morphology
Authors: Favrin Fabio L. , Zavagna Lorenzo , Sestini Matteo , Esin Semih , Azimi Bahareh , Labardi Massimiliano , Milazzo Mario , Gallone Giuseppe , Batoni Giovanna , Danti Serena
Published: July 2024

Nosocomial infections affect implanted medical devices and greatly challenge their functional outcomes, becoming sometimes life threatening for the patients. Therefore, aggressive antibiotic therapies are administered, which often require the use of last‐resort drugs, if the infection is caused by multi‐drug‐resistant bacteria. Reducing the risk of bacterial contamination of medical devices in the hospitals has thus become an emerging issue. Promising routes to control these infections are based on materials provided with intrinsic bactericidal properties (i.e., chemical action) and on the design of surface coatings able to limit bacteria adhesion and fouling phenomena (i.e., physical action), thus preventing bacterial biofilm formation. Here, we report the development and validation of coatings made of layer‐by‐layer deposition of electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoro ethylene) P(VDF‐TrFE) fibers with controlled orientations, which ultimately gave rise to antifouling surfaces. The obtained 10‐layer surface morphology with 90° orientation fibers was able to efficiently prevent the adhesion of bacteria, by establishing a superhydrophobic‐like behavior compatible with the Cassie‐Baxter regimen. Moreover, the results highlighted that surface wettability and bacteria adhesion could be controlled using fibers with diameter comparable to bacteria size (i.e., achievable via electrospinning process), by tuning the intra‐fiber spacing, with relevant implications in the future design of biomedical surface coatings.
A Biomimetic Alveoli‐in‐Lung‐Structured Electrode: Robustly Anchored Tungsten Oxide Quantum Dot on Ti3C2 MXene for Multifunctional Sodium‐Ion‐Based Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Zhao Qi , Wang Jinkai , Sun Jianguo , Bao Changyuan , Chen Xue , Wang Junhui , Liu Yu , Bhat Usha , Kirk Chin Ho , Gao Yanfeng , Wang John
Published: July 2024

Sodium‐ion‐based electrochromic device (SECD) has been identified as an appealing cost‐effective alternative of lithium‐based counterparts, only if it can address the challenges in association with the inadequate electrochromic performance. In this regard, the quantized strategy is a particularly promising approach owing to the large surface‐to‐volume ratio and high reaction activity. However, quantum dots inevitably suffer from volume changes and undesired aggregation during electrochemical cycling. Herein, bioinspired from the robust connection of alveoli in lung, we propose a stable electrode, where WO3 quantum dots (WQDs) are robustly anchored on Ti3C2 MXene through the strong chemical bonds of W‐O‐Ti. Theoretical results reveal the fundamental mechanism of the volume changes within WQDs and the dynamic diffusion process of sodium ions. The WQD@MXene electrodes exhibit a nearly twofold enhancement in cycling performance (1000 vs 500 cycles), coloration speed (3.2 vs 6.0 s), and areal capacity (87.5 vs 43.9 mAh m−2 at 0.1 mA cm−2), compared to those of the pristine WQD electrode. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, a smart house system integrated with SECDs demonstrates a “3‐in‐1” device, enabling a combination of energy‐saving, energy storage, and display functionalities. The present work significantly advances the versatile applications of cost‐effective electrochromic electronics in interdisciplinary.
Analysis of the Minute Differences between the Internal Structures of Green‐Emitting Quantum Dots Via Synchrotron‐Based X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Yun Dong‐Jin , Won Nayoun , Sung Young Mo , Kim Tae‐Gon , Kim Taekhoon , Etxebarria Ane , Lee Kyungjae , Sul SooHwan , Park Hyokeun , Park SungJun , Kim Jung‐Hwa , Jun Shinae , Crumlin Ethan
Published: July 2024

The development of an analytical method for determining the properties of quantum dots (QDs) is crucial for improving the optical performance of QD‐based displays. Therefore, synchrotron‐based X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is designed here to accurately characterize the chemical and structural differences between different QDs. This method enables the determination of the reason for the minimal differences between the optical properties of different QDs depending on the synthesis process, which is difficult to determine using conventional methods alone. Combined with model simulations, the XPS spectra obtained at different photon energies reveal the internal structures and chemical‐state distributions of the QDs. In particular, the QD synthesized under optimal conditions demonstrates a relatively lower degree of oxidation of the core and more uniformly stacked ZnSe/ZnS shell layers. The internal structures and chemical‐state distributions of QDs are closely related to their optical properties. Finally, the synchrotron‐based XPS proposed here can be applied to compare nearly equivalent QDs with slightly different optical properties.
‘Hot phase’ non‐dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy with atypical onset and recurrence: a case report
Authors: Gonano Nicola , Nuzzi Vincenzo , Pavan Daniela , Piazza Rita , Pecoraro Rosa , Altinier Alessandro , Bussani Rossana , Sinagra Gianfranco , Merlo Marco
Published: July 2024

Non‐dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy (NDLVC) is a newly categorized cardiomyopathy phenotype includingseveral aetiologies with a linking characteristic represented by the normal left ventricular volume. Inflammatory heart disease (InHD) is a heterogeneous process with variegate clinical manifestations, sometimes in overlap with NDLVC. A 26‐year‐old woman was admitted forcomplete heart block (CHB) and persistently raised troponin. Echocardiography and coronary angiography were normal. Extensive oedema and late gadolinium enhancement was found at cardiac magnetic resonance. Endomyocardial biopsy showed no signs of active myocarditis. Steroid therapy was started with restoration of atrioventricular conduction but subsequently the patient experienced a mild recurrence with a new troponin relapse. Genetic test was negative for mutations related with the clinical scenario. In this case of NDLVC with InHD the precise diagnostic work‐up, including genetic test, was crucial for diagnostic, prognostic andtherapeutic purposes. Multimodality approach is crucial to detect and treat possible recurrences.
Predictors of subacute postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty: A secondary analysis of two randomized trials
Authors: Springborg Anders H. , Kehlet Henrik , Nielsen Niklas I. , Gromov Kirill , Troelsen Anders , Varnum Claus , Foss Nicolai B.
Published: July 2024

Background

Methods for identifying high‐pain responders undergoing total knee arthroplasty remain important to improve individualized pain management. This study aimed at evaluating pre‐ and perioperative predictors of pain on Days 2–7 after total knee arthroplasty.

Methods

This is a secondary analysis of data from 227 patients participating in two randomized trials. Pain outcomes were mean pain during walking on Days 2–7 and on Days 2, 4 and 7. Multivariable linear and logistic regressions were carried out in two steps. First, only preoperative available variables including demographics, comorbidities, pain catastrophizing scale and preoperative pain were evaluated while controlling for trial intervention and recruitment site. In the second step, perioperative variables and pain during walking 24 h postoperatively were added.

Results

The model with only preoperative predictors for mean pain Days 2–7 showed preoperative pain (R‐squared 0.097) as the only predictor. In the second model, adding postoperative available variables, only pain 24 h postoperatively (R‐squared 0.248) was significant, with a significant main effect of recruitment site. Results for the separate day analysis similarly showed preoperative pain and pain during walking 24 h postoperatively as predictors. The overall best sensitivity (60%) and specificity (74%) for predicting a high‐subacute postoperative pain response on Days 2–7 was with cut‐off values of VAS 45.5 (out of 100) for pain during walking 24 h postoperatively.

Conclusions

Postoperative pain during walking at 24 h is predictive of subacute postoperative pain on Days 2–7 after total knee arthroplasty, while preoperative pain was only a weak predictor.

Significance Statement

This study investigated factors associated with pain after total knee arthroplasty beyond the immediate postoperative period. The analysis revealed significant associations between preoperative pain levels and, particularly, pain 24 h postoperatively, with subsequent subacute pain the following week. These findings can assist in identifying patients who would benefit from enhanced, individualized analgesic interventions to facilitate postoperative recovery.
Ultrasound‐assisted synthesis of biodiesel in the presence of a novel catalyst recovered from waste effluent/water: A mini‐review
Authors: Sai Bharadwaj A. V. S. L. , Ilangovan Athithyan , Kameswari K. Sri Bala , Patle Dipesh Shikchand , Kamsonlian Suantak
Published: July 2024

The government of India has mainly focused on waste management, environment protection acts, and control of energy demand, which will lead to the development of a clean and green India. Nowadays most of the drinking water is getting polluted due to the harmful gases released by well‐renowned industries mining operations, alloy industries, and dye industries. The presence of more amounts of heavy metals in drinking water leads to a rise in chemical levels than the constrained level in the environment, inside a human body, and any living being. Protection of the environment through the recovery of heavy metals from waste effluents through a chemical activation process using bio‐derived activated carbons as adsorbents is one of the known strategies in the current decade that can be adopted. The application of these heavy metals as catalysts in the synthesis of biodiesel from nonedible oils through an ultrasound (US)‐assisted process is one of the emerging strategies that will help in the reduction of energy demand. In the current review, the recovery of heavy metals from the waste effluents through a conventional chemical activation process and their applications as catalysts in the US‐assisted synthesis of biodiesel from nonedible oils is discussed.
Exploring the interplay of renewable energy and carbon dioxide emissions across US sectors through wavelet approach
Authors: Trimech Anyssa
Published: July 2024

Climate change presents urgent challenges that require simultaneous attention to environmental and economic dimensions. Addressing this global issue involves tackling its root causes and closely monitoring progress in energy transition efforts to formulate effective strategies. Understanding the complexities and opportunities of shifting toward low‐carbon economies underscores the necessity for innovative sector‐specific policies promoting sustainable energy practices and reducing air pollution. An insightful grasp of how energy transitions impact environmental sustainability is critical, highlighting sector‐specific dynamics for informed policy and decision‐making. This study employs a wavelet approach to explore the relationship between CO2 emissions and renewable energy consumption, analyzing both aggregate and sector‐specific metrics. This time‐varying analysis offers a view of how this relationship evolves over time, providing valuable insights into the effectiveness and outcomes of sustainable energy strategies. Drawing on a dataset spanning from January 1989 to March 2022 in the United States, the research identifies coherence and co‐movements across different frequencies and time dimensions. Results underscore the need to tailor energy strategies to sector‐specific dynamics, particularly noting that despite the growing adoption of renewable energies in industrial and transportation sectors, their impact on reducing CO2 emissions remains limited. However, the electric power sector shows a promising potential for reducing emissions through increased renewable energy integration.
Dietary and lifestyle‐related factors behind delayed conception in females
Authors: Rizvi Maryam Khalid , Rabail Roshina , Munir Seemal , Rizvi Muhammad Waleed , Abdi Gholamreza , Aadil Rana Muhammad
Published: July 2024

Delayed conceiving is a failure of a female to attain clinical pregnancy within a year without the use of contraception or any precautionary measure. The females of reproductive age (20–49 years) are the sufferers, that is, about 1.5 million or 10% of couples globally are facing this issue. Delayed conception can be caused by several reasons including diet, lifestyle, and genetic and clinical problems. Deficiencies or overconsumption of any nutrient may also cause delayed conception in females. Dietary deficits such as iron, iodine, zinc, folate, and vitamin D reduce the ovarian reserve. Heavy metals such as copper, manganese, lead, and cadmium also have an impact on fertility. Overconsumption of fast foods and nonhome‐made foods increases the likelihood of infertility by 2–3. Smoking, physical activity, age, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), obesity, and depression have all been considered lifestyle and clinical factors. If women have a sedentary lifestyle, too much exercise or obesity both contribute to infertility. In clinical factors, type 1 diabetes, insulin resistance, and hypertension mainly cause infertility. Our focus in this review is on the studies probe that how these variables contributed to delayed conception and how it can be controlled to help combat infertility. Prevention from delayed conception involves consuming a healthy and balanced diet that contains essential nutrients engaging in physical activity and abstaining from smoking, PCOS, and medical issues.
The effect of synbiotic supplementation on plasma levels of advanced glycation end products and cardiovascular risk factors in hemodialysis patients: A double‐blind clinical trial
Authors: Azamian Yasaman , Abdollahzad Hadi , Rezaeian Shahab , Rouhani Mohammad Hossein , Fatehi Mohammad Hossein
Published: July 2024

There is increasing evidence supporting the relationship between imbalance of gut microbiota and development of chronic kidney and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of synbiotic supplementation on plasma levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and cardiovascular risk factors in hemodialysis (HD) patients. In this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial, 36 HD patients were randomly allocated into two groups to receive two synbiotic supplements (n = 19) or placebo (n = 17) daily for 12 weeks. Levels of AGEs, fibrinogen, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and other measures were assessed at the beginning and end of the study. The data were analyzed using independent t‐tests, paired t‐tests, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). At the end of the study, the plasma levels of AGEs increased significantly in both the synbiotic (p < .001) and control (p = .001) groups, but the difference between the groups was not significant (p = .272). Plasma levels of fibrinogen decreased specifically within the synbiotic group (p = .007), and a statistically significant disparity between the groups persisted at the study's conclusion (p = .016). The mean levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) decreased (p < .05) in both groups, but there was no difference between the two groups at the end of the study (p = .116). No significant differences were observed in other measured biomarkers. Synbiotic supplementation improved plasma fibrinogen and BUN levels in HD patients, but did not significantly improve AGEs and HbA1c. Further investigations are needed to investigate the effect of probiotics on AGEs in HD patients at different stages of kidney disease.
Expanding the landscape of oncogenic drivers and treatment options in acral and mucosal melanomas by targeted genomic profiling
Authors: Turner Jacqueline A. , Van Gulick Robert J. , Robinson William A. , Mughal Tariq , Tobin Richard P. , MacBeth Morgan L. , Holman Blair , Classon Anthony , Bagby Stacey M. , Yacob Betelehem W. , Hartman Sarah J. , Silverman Ian , Vorwald Victoria M. , Gorden Nicholas , Gonzalez Rita , Gay Laurie M. , Ali Siraj M. , Benson Adam , Miller Vincent A. , Ross Jeffrey S. , Pitts Todd M. , Rioth Matthew J. , Lewis Karl D. , Medina Theresa , McCarter Martin D. , Gonzalez Rene , Couts Kasey L.
Published: July 2024

Despite advancements in treating cutaneous melanoma, patients with acral and mucosal (A/M) melanomas still have limited therapeutic options and poor prognoses. We analyzed 156 melanomas (101 cutaneous, 28 acral, and 27 mucosal) using the Foundation One cancer‐gene specific clinical testing platform and identified new, potentially targetable genomic alterations (GAs) in specific anatomic sites of A/M melanomas. Using novel pre‐clinical models of A/M melanoma, we demonstrate that several GAs and corresponding oncogenic pathways associated with cutaneous melanomas are similarly targetable in A/M melanomas. Other alterations, including MYC and CRKL amplifications, were unique to A/M melanomas and susceptible to indirect targeting using the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 or Src/ABL inhibitor dasatinib, respectively. We further identified new, actionable A/M‐specific alterations, including an inactivating NF2 fusion in a mucosal melanoma responsive to dasatinib in vivo. Our study highlights new molecular differences between cutaneous and A/M melanomas, and across different anatomic sites within A/M, which may change clinical testing and treatment paradigms for these rare melanomas.
Porous‐surfaced metallic implants for orthopedic applications
Authors: Pilliar R.M.
Published: July 2024

The fixation of orthopedic implants in bone by tissue ingrowth presents a possible solution to the problem of long‐term implant loosening. To achieve this objective, metallic implants formed with porous surface coatings have been developed. This article reviews the methods proposed for fabricating such implants. Some possible problems related to loss of mechanical properties due to the processing to form the porous surface zone are described. For some of the porous‐surfaced implant systems, processes have been developed to avoid the occurrence of such changes. It is particularly important at this stage of the evaluation of porous‐surfaced implants in clinical situations that manufacturers are fully cognizant of the effects of processing on mechanical properties of these devices.
The liabilities and consequences of medical device development
Authors: Price Joseph M.
Published: July 2024

A large increase in medical products liability litigation during the past 40 years has resulted in a flood of litigation against drug and device manufacturers. The medical technology and chemical industries are prime targets for products liability litigation. Physicians and other health care providers are willing to accept a reasonable degree of risk associated with the use of a medical product when compared to the benefit to be achieved by that product but lay juries are less likely to tolerate the concept of an acceptable failure rate. Plaintiffs' lawyers believe that the medical products industry should be held to a standard of absolute liability and that anyone injured by a medical product is entitled to recover without regard for the circumstances. Large compensatory and punitive damage awards, the high cost of insurance, large defense costs, and low profit margins have forced some companies to remove their products from the market. The medical or biomaterials manufacturer can significantly reduce its exposure for products liability by adopting a successful product safety program. Manufacturers have significant control over the quality, safety, and reliability of their products through appropriate design, testing, manufacture, labeling, and sale of quality products.
Biomaterial surfaces
Authors: Ratner Buddy D. , Johnston Anne B. , Lenk Thomas J.
Published: July 2024

The nature of a biomaterial surface governs the processes involved in biological response. Surface properties such as surface chemistry, surface energy, and morphology may be measured in order to understand the surface region of a biomaterial. In this article, we describe the surface characteristics of a few common biomaterials, review the techniques used to measure surface properties, and discuss the application of surface information in developing novel and improved biomaterials.
Development of a Carbon‐Carbon Hip Prosthesis
Authors: Christel P. , Meunier A. , Leclercq S. , Bouquet Ph. , Buttazzoni B.
Published: July 2024

This article deals with the use of carbonfiber‐reinforced‐carbon materials for the manufacture of hip prosthesis stems. It considers the manufacturing process of carbon‐carbon (C—C) composites made of carbon fibers infiltrated either with dense pyroiytic carbon or sili‐ con carbide (SiC) through chemical vapor infiltration. The chemicophysical properties of these composites are examined according to their structures. The long‐term response (2 years) of cortical bone to various types of carbon‐carbon was evaluated mainly for bone contact and ingrowth. Carbon‐carbon coated with calcium phosphate was found to speed up the bone formation as compared to pyroiytic carbon or SiC coatings. The low modulus of elasticity of the C—C materials could be responsible for quicker bone contact as compared to a much stiffer material like sintered aluminum oxide. The biomechanical performance of C—C hip stems was assessed through (a) implantations into cadaver femurs, (b) fatigue testing, and (c) finite element analysis. These tests showed: (a) a better stress transfer as compared to a metal prosthesis having the same design, (b) no fatigue damage, (c) a computerized stem stress distribution in accordance with the fractures obtained during static mechanical testing.
Wear, creep, and frictional heat of femoral implant articulating surfaces and the effect on long‐term performance—Part I, A review
Authors: Davidson J. A. , Schwartz G.
Published: July 2024

Creep and wear of articulating reconstructed joints is a complex process, resulting in adverse tissue response, decreased range of motion, and eventual revision. As improvements are made in the design and surgical techniques of reconstructed joints, the long‐term performance of the articulating system and materials becomes more important, particularly for younger, heavier, and more active patients. One aspect previously ignored in the long‐term performance of articulating systems is the tendency for these systems to generate heat during articulation, particularly for extended periods of relatively strenuous activity. The present study reviews the various aspects of joint lubrication, friction, wear, and overall system performance. Local heating can increase the creep, wear, and oxidation degradation of UHMWPE, thus, specific attention is given to the effect that heat generation can have on long‐term performance of these systems. Because of the complexity of this issue, the treatment of these various performance aspects is divided into two parts. The present part, Part I, reviews the various aspects of articulation performance. Part II presents results of friction, heating, and torque testing of various metal and ceramic hip systems. Criteria for frictional heating is also presented, along with discussion related to the various heat transfer mechanisms involved with heat dissipation.
Conspectus of the Triticeae
Authors: Löve Áskell
Published: July 2024

This is a taxonomical and nomenclatural survey of the more than 500 biological taxa of the Triticeae tribe of grasses in a system of thirty‐seven genomically defined genera based on twenty‐three single‐haplome taxa as recently validated elsewhere. An analytical key is given. to the genera, which are concisely described and defined; brief information on their genomic constitution is added. When appropriate, subgeneric divisions are described and listed with their synonyms. So are also the accepted names of the biological species and subspecies, with validations of transfers or new names when pertinent; chromosome numbers are added when known, those confirmed by the author with an exclamation mark.
A new nickelphilous species of Alyssum (Cruciferae) from Portugal: Alyssum pintodasilvae T. R. Dudley
Authors: Dudley T. R.
Published: July 2024

Nickel hyperaccumulation of taxa of Alyssum Section Odontarrhena growing on serpentine substrates has been well documented in recent years by several investigators. One such taxon from Portugal, previously described as A. serpyllifolium subspecies lusitanicum T. R. Dudley & A. R. Pinto da Silva, is A. pintodasilvae T. R. Dudley, sp. nov. This new species is distinguished by demonstrating a maximum nickel‐hyperaccumulating capability of nearly 1.44% tissue concentration on dry weight basis as contrasted to the non‐serpentine A. serpyllifolium Desfontaines which possesses a nickel‐hyperaccumulation potential of no more than 0.0065%. Numerous morphological character discontinuites also support the taxonomic judgement that A. pintodasilvae is bost recognized at full specific rank.
Stomatal classifications — a review
Authors: Inamdar J. A. , Mohan J. S. S. , Subramantan R. Bagavathi
Published: July 2024

In order to avoid confusion terminologies to describe: (i) adult stomatal types; (ii) stomatal ontogeny; (iii) stomatal structure; and (iv) stomatal distribution should be used separately. (i) Thirteen adult stomatal types — anomocytic, anisocytic, actinocytic, diacytic, paracytic, cyclocytic, polocytic, desmocytic, pericytic, tetracytic, hexacytic, hemiparacytic, and staurocytic; (ii) three ontogenetic groups — perigenous, mesogenous and mesoperigenous; (iii) five for stomatal structure — acyclic, bicyclic or diacyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic and polycyclic and (iv) three for stomatal distribution — epistomatic, hypostomatic and amphistomatic widely used in literature should be accepted. Stomatal meristemoid or stoma mother cell should be replaced by a term “stomatocyte”.
Les grandes unités phytosociologiques au Mali central Première partie: Les milieux humides
Authors: Aberlin Jean‐Pierre
Published: July 2024

Resumé

De nombreux travaux effectués durant ces 20 dernières années par les agrostologues de l'Institut d'Elevage et de Médeeine Vétérinaire des pays Tropicaux (I. E. M. V. T. — Maisons‐Alfort) ont conduit à définir, en République du Mali, divers groupements végétaux.

Un séjour de quatre années eonsécutives (1974 à a 1977) a permis, par traitement informatique des données recueillies, de nommner diverses unités phytosociologiques dans une région du Mali central et ceci dans les milieux secs et humides.

Seules les unités se trouvant dans les milieux humides seront présentées dans cet article; elles sont formées par: un Ordre, deux Allianees, deux Sous‐Alliances, et huit Associations.
Revision der mitteleuropäischen tertiären Fagaceen nach blattepidermalen Charakteristiken
Authors: Kvaček Z. , Walther H.
Published: July 2024

Dryophyllum Debey ex Saporta wird neu typisiert und als Formgattung für auf Blätter begründete fossile Fagaceen ähnliche Sippen reserviert (Dryophyllum pseudofurcinerve Rüffle et al., D. altenburgense Walther, D, diversinervium Rüffle et al.) Nach weiblichen Infloreszenzen, Kupulen, Früchten und Blattresten wird nach der gemeinsamen epidermalen Struktur die Gattung Eoirigonobalanus Walther & Kvaček gen. nov. aufgestellt (E. andreanszkyi (Mai) Kvaček & Walther comb. nov., E. furcinervis (Rossmässler) Walther & Kvaček comb. nov.). Die Gattung wird von zahlreichen Fundorten Mitteleuropas nachgewiesen. Unterschiede in der Blattmorphologie und Trichomausbildung werden durch die formae E. furcinervis f. haselbachensis (Kvaček & Walther) comb. nov., E. furcinervis f. lyellii (Heer) comb. nov. berücksichtigt. Eotrigonobalanus gen. nov. stellt eine ursprüngliche Fagacee dar, bei der Merkmale von Trigonobalanus Forman, Castanopsis Spach und Lithocarpus Blume kombiniert auftreten. Eotrigonobalanus kommt im subtropischen Lauraceen‐Fagaceen‐Wald vor, ist ein Akzessorium der Mixed‐Mesophytic‐Forests und ist an der Zusammensetzung kohlenbildenden Bruch‐ und Moorwälder gemeinsam mit der Taxodiacee Athroiaxis couttsiae (Heer) Gardner beteiligt.
Occurrence and distribution of certain ergastic substances in some species of Euphorbiaceae in relation to taxonomy and function 1. Tannins
Authors: Okoli B. E. , Erefamote G. M. O. , Nwajagu G.
Published: July 2024

The occurrence and distribution of tannins in 27 species spread over three tribes of Euphorbiaceae were determined histochemically. Only five species : Manihot glaziovii, M. esculenta, Euphorbia hyssopifolia, E. pulcherrima and Ricinodendron heudelotii showed a complete absence of tannins in petiole sections. Other species had tannin containing cells distributed in various tissues and at varying frequencies in the stem and leaves. The results indicate that the family Euphorbiaceae consists of predominantly tannin‐producing species and that tannin‐content or lack of it is of taxonomic importance at the generic and specific levels. The localization of tanniniferous cells mainly in the epidermal cells in many species corroborate the view that the functions of tannins include a protective one.
Persulfate activation enhanced by sulfur‐doped cobaltous tetroxide for rapid and efficient degradation of atrazine
Authors: Liu Shanjun , Sun Shan , Xu Yahui , Zhang Jianlin
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Atrazine is present in aquatic systems as a pesticide, and poses a serious threat to ecosystems and human health. The advanced oxidation technology based on persulfate is considered a promising approach for removing trace pesticides from water. The synthesis of a persulfate activator for the rapid and efficient degradation of atrazine was studied.

RESULTS

A novel rod‐like sulfur‐doped Co3O4 (S‐Co3O4) was prepared via the hard template method and used as a persulfate activator to degrade atrazine. The removal efficiency of atrazine (10 mM) could be up to 100% in the presence of peroxymonosulfate (1 mM) activated by S‐Co3O4 (50 mg L−1) within 7 min.

CONCLUSION

The nanorod structure of S‐Co3O4 is conducive to mass transfer and increases the probability of reaction between substances, and sulfur doping increases the interfacial charge transfer capability. The mechanism of atrazine degradation was mainly attributed to the combined effects of •OH and SO4•−, with the effect of SO4•− being more important. The main degradation pathways of atrazine are dichlorination, hydroxylation and dealkylation, corresponding to the cleavage of Cl1‐C9, N5‐C10 and N6‐C11, respectively. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
In vivo experimental study comparing alveolar ridge preservation versus guided bone regeneration after unassisted socket healing at intact and damaged sites in narrow alveolar ridges
Authors: Shin Hae Jee , Park Jin‐Young , Tien Hsu Kuo , Strauss Franz‐Josef , Cha Jae‐Kook , Lee Jung‐Seok
Published: July 2024

Background

To compare bone regeneration and dimensional alteration of alveolar ridge at intact and damaged extraction sockets after alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) and implant placement versus unassisted socket healing followed by guided bone regeneration (GBR) with simultaneous implant placement.

Methods

In 6 beagle dogs, 3 types of extraction sockets in the mandible were created: (1) intact sockets, (2) 1‐wall defect sockets and (3) 2‐wall defect sockets. The sockets were allocated to undergo either (1) ARP and implant placement 8 weeks later (ARP group) or (2) GBR with simultaneous implant placement after 8 weeks of unassisted socket healing (GBR group). After an additional healing period of 8 weeks, bone regeneration and dimensional changes were evaluated radiographically and histologically.

Results

GBR showed superior bone formation and greater bone gains compared to ARP, regardless of the initial extraction‐socket configuration. Although ARP maintained the preexisting alveolar ridge dimensions, peri‐implant bone defects were still detected at 8 weeks of follow‐up. Histomorphometric analyses confirmed that GBR increased dimensions of the alveolar ridge compared to baseline, and the augmentation and bone regeneration were greater with GBR than with ARP.

Conclusion

Early implant placement with ARP can mitigate alveolar ridge changes in the narrow alveolar ridge. However, early implant placement with simultaneous GBR creates the conditions for enhanced bone regeneration around the implant and greater ridge augmentation compared to ARP, irrespective of the extraction‐socket configuration.
Concurrent DNA meta‐barcoding and plankton imaging reveal novel parasitic infection and competition in a diatom
Authors: Catlett Dylan , Peacock Emily E. , Fontaine Diana N. , Taylor Crockford E. , McKenzie Mary J. , Rynearson Tatiana A. , Sosik Heidi M.
Published: July 2024

Little is known about diatom parasitism in marine systems. Guinardia delicatula, a biomass‐dominant diatom on the Northeast US Shelf (NES), is regularly parasitized by the protistan nanoflagellate, Cryothecomonas aestivalis in this region. While G. delicatula is known to host other protistan parasites, direct observation of these interactions and their dynamics in nature remain elusive. Here, we integrate concurrent DNA meta‐barcoding and automated imaging‐in‐flow cytometry observations to characterize the dynamics of G. delicatula infection by a second parasite, Pirsonia (likely Pirsonia verrucosa). In contrast with C. aestivalis infections, Pirsonia infections are observed sporadically and typically only in a small fraction of the G. delicatula population on the NES. An exception was found in February 2020, when an anomalous co‐infection event was observed in G. delicatula featuring > 20% infection prevalence by Pirsonia and > 10% infection prevalence by C. aestivalis. Investigation of each parasite's infection dynamics' relationship with temperature and salinity suggested that C. aestivalis may consistently dominate G. delicatula infection dynamics due to its wider thermal tolerance range and more cosmopolitan distribution. Pirsonia only appeared capable of dominating G. delicatula infection at temperatures near or below 4°C, a known temperature threshold below which C. aestivalis infection is suppressed. Our results demonstrate the utility of integrating DNA meta‐barcoding and plankton imaging to observe the dynamics of diatom–parasite interactions in marine systems and shed light on the diversity of infection dynamics in diatom–parasite systems and the forcings governing competition among diatom parasites for a single host.
Cerebellum in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases: an emerging research frontier
Authors: Yang Cui , Liu Guangdong , Chen Xi , Le Weidong
Published: July 2024

The cerebellum is crucial for both motor and nonmotor functions. Alzheimer's disease (AD), alongside other dementias such as vascular dementia (VaD), Lewy body dementia (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), as well as other neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) like Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), and spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA), are characterized by specific and non‐specific neurodegenerations in central nervous system. Previously, the cerebellum's significance in these conditions was underestimated. However, advancing research has elevated its profile as a critical node in disease pathology. We comprehensively review the existing evidence to elucidate the relationship between cerebellum and the aforementioned diseases. Our findings reveal a growing body of research unequivocally establishing a link between the cerebellum and AD, other forms of dementia, and other NDs, supported by clinical evidence, pathological and biochemical profiles, structural and functional neuroimaging data, and electrophysiological findings. By contrasting cerebellar observations with those from the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, we highlight the cerebellum's distinct role in the disease processes. Furthermore, we also explore the emerging therapeutic potential of targeting cerebellum for the treatment of these diseases. This review underscores the importance of the cerebellum in these diseases, offering new insights into the disease mechanisms and novel therapeutic strategies.
Liquid–liquid phase separation in diseases
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Yuan Lin , Zhang Wanlu , Zhang Yi , Wu Qun , Li Chunting , Wu Min , Huang Yongye
Published: July 2024

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), an emerging biophysical phenomenon, can sequester molecules to implement physiological and pathological functions. LLPS implements the assembly of numerous membraneless chambers, including stress granules and P‐bodies, containing RNA and protein. RNA–RNA and RNA–protein interactions play a critical role in LLPS. Scaffolding proteins, through multivalent interactions and external factors, support protein–RNA interaction networks to form condensates involved in a variety of diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Modulating LLPS phenomenon in multiple pathogenic proteins for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer could present a promising direction, though recent advances in this area are limited. Here, we summarize in detail the complexity of LLPS in constructing signaling pathways and highlight the role of LLPS in neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. We also explore RNA modifications on LLPS to alter diseases progression because these modifications can influence LLPS of certain proteins or the formation of stress granules, and discuss the possibility of proper manipulation of LLPS process to restore cellular homeostasis or develop therapeutic drugs for the eradication of diseases. This review attempts to discuss potential therapeutic opportunities by elaborating on the connection between LLPS, RNA modification, and their roles in diseases.
Autosomal Recessive Guanosine Triphosphate Cyclohydrolase I Deficiency: Redefining the Phenotypic Spectrum and Outcomes
Authors: Novelli Maria , Tolve Manuela , Quiroz Vicente , Carducci Claudia , Bove Rossella , Ricciardi Giacomina , Yang Kathryn , Manti Filippo , Pisani Francesco , Ebrahimi‐Fakhari Darius , Galosi Serena , Leuzzi Vincenzo
Published: July 2024

Background

The GCH1 gene encodes the enzyme guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH), which catalyzes the rate‐limiting step in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a critical cofactor in the production of monoamine neurotransmitters. Autosomal dominant GTPCH (adGTPCH) deficiency is the most common cause of dopa‐responsive dystonia (DRD), whereas the recessive form (arGTPCH) is an ultrarare and poorly characterized disorder with earlier and more complex presentation that may disrupt neurodevelopmental processes. Here, we delineated the phenotypic spectrum of ARGTPCHD and investigated the predictive value of biochemical and genetic correlates for disease outcome.

Objectives

The aim was to study 4 new cases of arGTPCH deficiency and systematically review patients reported in the literature.

Methods

Clinical, biochemical, and genetic data and treatment response of 45 patients are presented.

Results

Three phenotypes were outlined: (1) early‐infantile encephalopathic phenotype with profound disability (24 of 45 patients), (2) dystonia‐parkinsonism phenotype with infantile/early‐childhood onset of developmental stagnation/regression preceding the emergence of movement disorder (7 of 45), and (3) late‐onset DRD phenotype (14 of 45). All 3 phenotypes were responsive to pharmacological treatment, which for the first 2 must be initiated early to prevent disabling neurodevelopmental outcomes. A gradient of BH4 defect and genetic variant severity characterizes the 3 clinical subgroups. Hyperphenylalaninemia was not observed in the second and third groups and was associated with a higher likelihood of intellectual disability.

Conclusions

The clinical spectrum of arGTPCH deficiency is a continuum from early‐onset encephalopathies to classical DRD. Genotype and biochemical alterations may allow early diagnosis and predict clinical severity. Early treatment remains critical, especially for the most severe patients.
An improved descent Perry‐type algorithm for large‐scale unconstrained nonconvex problems and applications to image restoration problems
Authors: Wang Xiaoliang , Lv Jian , Xu Na
Published: July 2024

Conjugate gradient methods are much effective for large‐scale unconstrained optimization problems by their simple computations and low memory requirements. The Perry conjugate gradient method has been considered to be one of the most efficient methods in the context of unconstrained minimization. However, a globally convergent result for general functions has not been established yet. In this paper, an improved three‐term Perry‐type algorithm is proposed which automatically satisfies the sufficient descent property independent of the accuracy of line search strategy. Under the standard Wolfe line search technique and a modified secant condition, the proposed algorithm is globally convergent for general nonlinear functions without convexity assumption. Numerical results compared with the Perry method for stability, two modified Perry‐type conjugate gradient methods and two effective three‐term conjugate gradient methods for large‐scale problems up to 300,000 dimensions indicate that the proposed algorithm is more efficient and reliable than the other methods for the testing problems. Additionally, we also apply it to some image restoration problems.
Construction and self‐healing properties of thermoplastic polyimide based on dynamic covalent bonding
Authors: Gao Yuanjie , Shi Jiahao , Zhang Xiaorui , Weng Ling , Sun Xue , Liu Laiweiqing
Published: July 2024

Mechanical damage to the surface of polyimide during manufacture and utilization may act as critical determinants of the properties and longevity of the material. In order to address this issue, this study prepared thermoplastic polyimide (TPI) films through the copolymerization of isocyanate and acid anhydride, which possesses superior self‐healing ability after being mechanical damaged. Moreover, polyimide films still retain its exceptional tensile strength (>90 MPa) with Young's modulus (E) (>3 GPa), high thermal stability (glass transition temperature (Tg) >220°C), and excellent insulation performance (breakdown strength (Eb) >180 kV/mm) after self‐healing. Introducing cross‐linked structures and flexible groups into the thermoplastic resin matrix appropriately not only imparts self‐healing capabilities to the material but also retains its excellent mechanical properties. The combination of straightforward copolymerization and distinctive self‐healing prowess renders it an appropriate strategy for confronting self‐healing challenges.
Health‐related quality of life among pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: An exploratory cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tager Julia B. , Palou‐Torres Akasha , Bingen Kristin M. , Hoag Jennifer A. , Burke Michael J. , Zhang Jian , Yan Ke , Karst Jeffrey S.
Published: July 2024

Background

Improved survival rates broadened the pediatric oncology focus to include health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). This cross‐sectional study aimed to examine HRQoL by treatment phase and disease risk level in pediatric patients with B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL), including those in early survivorship.

Procedure

A subset of data from a larger prospective cohort study was analyzed. Data were collected from 73 patients (73 parent reports and 28 self‐reports). Parent proxy and self‐report PROMIS measures assessed HRQoL across treatment phases (early intensive, maintenance, and off treatment) and disease risk groups (standard vs high). Analyses assessed the relationship between parent proxy and patient self‐reports and the differences in HRQoL among treatment phases and risk groups.

Results

Parent proxy reports generally indicated worse fatigue, pain interference, and mobility compared with patient self‐reports. Self‐reports in the early intensive treatment group suggested worse depressive symptoms, fatigue, mobility, and upper extremity function compared with those in later phases. Parent proxy reports showed worse fatigue and depressive symptoms in early intensive treatment group relative to those in later phases. Patient self‐reports in the maintenance group demonstrated the best peer relationships scores. Parent proxy reports in the high‐risk group reported significantly higher depressive symptoms and fatigue compared with the standard‐risk group.

Conclusions

Differences in HRQoL suggest targets for further assessment and intervention. The early treatment and immediate post‐survivorship periods may represent particularly critical time points. Longitudinal studies with larger and diverse samples should further explore HRQoL trajectories in this population.