bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INSERÇÃO SETORIAL DA ECONOMIA BRASILEIRA E CHINESA NA UNIÃO EUROPEIA, 2000 a 2015
Authors: Costa Fabiana Kenia Silva , Mendonça Talles Girardi de
Published: October 2018

Este estudo teve por objetivo empreender uma análise comparativa da inserção setorial da economia brasileira e chinesa na União Europeia, considerando os diferentes setores industriais no período de 2000 a 2015. Além de verificar uma possível mudança estrutural das exportações brasileiras, para esse mercado, em função do crescimento chinês. Para sua concretização, foi necessária a realização de ampla revisão de literatura e de bases estatísticas, as quais forneceram os dados necessários para o cálculo dos indicadores de competitividade. Para identificar os setores por intensidade tecnológica que apresentam vantagem comparativa revelada, foram utilizados os indicadores de Vantagem Comparativa Revelada (VCR) de Balassa e Lafay. Os resultados encontrados indicam que não existem sinais de que China esteja provocando uma mudança estrutural nas exportações brasileiras para a UE no que se refere ao comércio de produtos de maior intensidade tecnológica. Além de indicar que os ganhos de competitividade brasileiros sobre a China nesse mercado estão concentrados em produtos não industrializados, e de médio-baixo conteúdo tecnológico.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High-Frequency Induction Cladding Ni-Based Alloy Coating with La2O3 Addition
Authors: Sun Rui , Li Qi , Wang Rui Hai , Shi Yong Jun
Published: October 2018

Ni-based alloy coatings with different contents of La2O3 addition were prepared by high-frequency induction cladding. Microstructure of the coatings was investigated using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Wear resistance and microhardness distribution of coatings were tested by means of M-2000A friction wear tester and Vickers microhardness tester, respectively. Results show that the increasing content of La2O3 attributes to the decrease of the pores in the coating. Primary phases of the Ni-based alloy coating with La2O3 addition fabricated by high-frequency induction cladding include γ-Ni, Cr7C3, Cr23C6 and Cr2B. EDS analysis reveals that La2O3 addition tends to gather in the top region of the coating and mainly exists in γ-Ni solid-solution. Because of the uniform distribution of hard phases and grain refinement, coating with 6% La2O3 addition possesses better wear resistance under dry sliding wear condition. Microhardness of the transition region in coating with La2O3 addition is higher than that in coating without La2O3. Top region of the coatings with 4% and 6% content of La2O3 exhibits higher microhardness than the bottom region due to the La2O3 concentration.
Electrochemical Investigation of Stellite 6 Alloy in Morpholine Corrosive Environment
Authors: Liu Rong , Li Yi , McRae Glenn
Published: October 2018

The corrosion resistance of Stellite 6 alloy in morpholine solution with pH 9.5 is investigated using the electrochemical test method, simulating the amine environment of the boiler feed water service condition in coal power plants. Polarization test is performed on Stellite 6 alloy under the low potential varying from-0.4 VSCE to 1.2 VSCE and is also conducted under a constant high potential (4 VSCE) in order to fail the sample surface. 17-4PH stainless steel, which is also a common material for the application of the boiler feed water in coal power plants, is tested simultaneously under the same conditions for comparison. It is shown that the polarization curve 17-4PH steel from the low potential test has an apparent passivation region indicating a protective oxide film formed on the sample surface, but Stellite 6 only exhibits a tendency to passivate. Both samples after the failure tests under the high potential (4 VSC) are analyzed using SEM/EDX. The surface morphologies indicate that the former is severely corroded in the solution while the latter is less corroded. The corrosion mechanisms of Stellite 6 alloy and 174PH stainless steel in morpholine solution are discussed with assistance of the Pourbaix diagrams.
Bio Adsorbent from Modified Jackfruit Wood Sawdust for Removal of Lead Ions
Authors: Mutiara Tintin , Rofiki Iman , Al Ghifari Muhammad Abu Dzar
Published: October 2018

The adsorption of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution by bio adsorbent from jackfruit wood sawdust treated with phosphoric acid was studied in a batch adsorption system. Characteristics of bio adsorbent investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The functional group which involved in Pb (II) binding during adsorption process were amine N-H, amide C=O, alkyl C-H, and nitrile C≡N. The effects of phosphoric acid ratio to distilled water and soaking time on the adsorption capacity were investigated. Maximum adsorption of Pb (II) ions was carried out by bio adsorbent which modified by phosphoric acid with ratio to water 0.33. The experiment data of Pb (II) adsorption correlated well with pseudo second order kinetic model with correlation coefficient value 0.9988 and resulted adsorption capacity at equilibrium 1.4382 mg/g.
Magnetic Citric Acid-Modified Cellulose for the Removal of Copper Ions from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Garing Clare L. , Arabit Jimyl M. , Elec Lady Catherine C. , Eusebio Ramon Christian P. , Ventura Ruby Lynn G. , Escobar Erwin C. , Ventura Jey-R S.
Published: October 2018

Magnetic citric acid-modified cellulose was successfully produced and tested for the removal of copper in aqueous solution. Initially, the cellulose material was reacted with citric acid solution. The modified cellulose was then attached to the Fe2O3 nanoparticle producing an adsorptive magnetic material. Characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated successful binding and chemical modification of the cellulose. Its adsorption was also studied to evaluate its potential in removing heavy metals such as copper. Removal of copper was as high as 84.74% in solution containing 25 mg/L copper. The sorption of copper in the magnetic sorbent follows second-order kinetics and best fits Freundlich isotherm model. The developed material has a strong magnetic response, thus its recovery in the aqueous solution could be easily facilitated using a magnetic field. Regeneration study indicated high recovery efficiency maintaining above 95.7% copper removal efficiency after three cycles of use. Thus, a highly efficient magnetic adsorptive material was produced using simple chemical modification aside from its easy recovery in the water.
Value Added Product of Lightweight Cement from Industrial By-Products Using Geopolymer Technique
Authors: Suwan Teewara , Paphawasit Boontarika , Zhou Xiang Ming , Wattanachai Pitiwat
Published: October 2018

In construction and building material sector, Lightweight Cement (LWC) has been receiving much more attention due to some of its advantages compared to other lightweight materials e.g. wood, foam and plastic. The method of incorporating tiny air bubbles into cementitious matrix for lightweight cement production is widely used as it could achieve good engineering properties with efficient production process. Conventional methods, Autoclaved Aerated Cement (AAC) and Portland cement-Cellular Lightweight Cement (CLC), use Portland cement as a main material which could lead to a huge disturbance to natural sources as well as release massive amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere during its calcination. To achieve green construction material scheme, an attempt to utilize industrial wastes (by-products) as raw starting materials have been developing. One among those value-added approaches is OPC-less alkaline-activated cement from by-products, called Geopolymer technique. The main aim of this paper is to develop lightweight cement by using geopolymer technique with (CLC) method, called GP-CLC system, in order to optimize both economical aspects and engineering properties. The preliminary results show that the compressive strength of GP-CLC cannot reach that level of AAC system, but the strength was higher than the conventional OPC-CLC. The main challenge is that unit CO2 emission can be significantly reduce by using GP-CLC system as OPC consumption is replaced by by-product, fly ash.
Performance and Evaluation of Hot Mix Asphalt with an Addition of Lime Kiln Dust as a Mineral Filler Based on Western Australia Conditions
Authors: Jitsangiam Peerapong , Nikraz Hamid , Nusit Korakod
Published: October 2018

This study demonstrates an assessment into the different effects of lime as a mineral filler for use in densely graded hot mix asphalt (HMA). Five percent by mass of hydrated lime and lime kiln dust (LKD) were added to an asphalt mixture as its mineral filler. A series of laboratory tests to evaluate stability and flow, resilient modulus and tensile stripping ratio with reference to a control mix (a commonly used HMA) were performed. The test results showed that mixing hydrated lime into a HMA mix could enhance superior performance of hydrated lime-HMA test samples for all tests, demonstrating no moisture susceptibility. Test samples of HMA with LKD also demonstrated moisture resistance and can offer a sustainable alternative to hydrated lime, yielding one quarter of the cost. The control mix proved to be an inadequate choice upon failing the stripping potential test and therefore deemed to be susceptible to moisture.
Structural Characterization of Foamed Composite Structural Insulated Panel with Coir for Load Bearing Wall Application
Authors: Advincula Jericson H. , Cuevas Dustin Glenn C. , Dela Cruz Allan Dave A. , Carreon John Paul D.
Published: October 2018

Permanent formwork building system is a method that uses the formwork as a contributor to the load bearing capacity of the structure. This study characterized the proposed foamed composite structural insulated panel (CSIP) with coir for load bearing wall application in low rise construction. The percentage of coir in foamed concrete that could significantly increase the compressive and flexural strength of the panel considering the effect of coir to the workability of the foamed concrete were determined. The results showed that the samples with 0.5% coir had the maximum increase in its compressive and flexural capacity and further addition of coir decreases its capacities. The results also showed that it could carry the required design loads. Moreover, using Euler’s buckling equation for the effect of slenderness, the panel could be used as exterior wall for a height of 2m, 3m, and 4m and as interior wall for a height of 2m and 3m. It can be concluded that the proposed panel could be used as a load bearing wall in low rise construction.
Electromechanical-Conductive Natural Rubber Doped Eggshell and Eggshell Membrane for Drug Delivery and Actuator Applications
Authors: Boonprasert Poramin , Tangboriboon Nuchnapa
Published: October 2018

Natural rubber composite materials were prepared by using sulfur curing system of STR 5L added with hen eggshell and eggshell membrane to increase electrical and mechanical properties for biomimetic actuator and artificial muscle applications. Samples were vulcanized at temperature 150°C. Hen eggshells and eggshell membrane powder (0, 20, 40, and 60 phr) were added into natural rubber. The main composition of hen eggshells composed of 96.35 wt% calcium carbonate (CaCO3) while mostly composition of hen eggshell membrane is fibrous protein in terms of collagen. The best condition is addition of eggshell 40 phr (formula 3) and eggshell membrane 20 phr (formula 5) to obtain the highest storage modulus response equal to 2.85 x 106 and 2.97 x106 Pa, respectively. The curing time (Tc90) of pure natural rubber (formula 1), formula 3, and formula 5 are 8.22, 6.73, and 5.67 min, respectively. Furthermore, the curing time, rheology, and electrical field response of natural rubber composite materials were measured by moving die rheometer and impedance analyzer, and reported here.
Fabrication and Characterization of Electrospun Polysulfone (PSf) / Halloysite (HAL) Nanocomposite Membrane
Authors: Aquino Ruth R. , Tolentino Marvin S. , Millare Jeremiah C. , Balboa Clarisse D. , Castro Christine Julia B. , Basilia Blessie A.
Published: October 2018

Polysulfone (PSf) is one of the commonly used polymeric membrane materials due to its excellent properties. One of the major concern however is that PSf membranes are mostly hydrophobic in nature. The presence of fillers like halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) into the polymer matrix can decrease this hydrophobicity and may also alter some of its important properties. This study focused on the fabrication of nanofibrous membranes by electrospinning method and characterization using SEM, UTM and contact angle goniometer to determine the effect of HNT concentration to the membrane’s surface morphology, mechanical properties and wettability. Results showed that samples subjected at the highest voltage produced finer fibers. The initial addition of HNTs also creates fiber strands with smaller diameters until beading in the fibers due to perturbation of the polymer jet caused by the increased viscosity of the solution and particle agglomeration was observed at higher concentrations. In terms of response to mechanical load, the tensile strength was higher upon HNT integration showing an effective transfer of stress to the dispersed phase despite the morphological imperfections. The contact angle results showed a decrease in hydrophobicity at the highest HNT concentration reflecting the water-loving character of the filler. The overall data gathered showed that the addition of nanoclay improved the properties of PSf matrix making them a suitable material for different filtration applications particularly in water treatment systems.
Epitaxial Growth and Characterization of Nonpolar A-Plane AlGaN-Based Multiple Quantum Wells
Authors: Zhao Jian Guo , Zhang Xiong , He Jia Qi , Chen Shuai , Wu Zi Li , Cui Yi Ping
Published: October 2018

A serious of non-polar a-plane AlGaN-based multiple quantum wells (MQWs) were successfully grown on the semi-polar r-plane sapphire substrate with metal organic chemical vapor deposition technology. Intense MQWs-related emission peaks at an emission wavelength covered from 277-294 nm were observed based on the photoluminescence measurement. It was found that the employment of the trimethyl-aluminum (TMAl) flow duty-ratio modulation method which was developed based on the two-way pulsed-flows growth technique played a crucial role to control the Al composition of the non-polar a-plane AlGaN epi-layers. The non-polar a-plane AlGaN-based MQWs were deposited with the new developed TMAl flow duty-ratio modulation technique. Evident-3th order X-ray diffraction (XRD) satellite peak was observed from the high resolution-XRD measurement, proving the successful growth of non-polar a-plane AlGaN-based MQWs with abrupt hetero-interfaces.
Vyftig jaar dogmatiek - 'n Huldeblyk aan Karl Barth
Authors: Engelbrecht B.J.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Herstel van die evangeliste-amp
Authors: Booysen D.J.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Boekbespreking
Authors: Pelser G.M.M.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Die kerk in ekumeniese perspektief
Authors: Loader J.A.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
"Persoonlike vryheid" teologies gesien
Authors: Engelbreght B.J.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Die antwoord en taak van die kerk ten opsigte van sekularisasie
Authors: Engelbrecht B.J.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Pastorale etiek
Authors: De Wet J.I.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Rigtinglyne vir die kategese volgens die sinode van Dordrecht
Authors: De Villiers D.W.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Kerkvernuwing en erediensvernuwing
Authors: Barnard A.C.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Florence Nightingale: Discernment as trusting experience
Authors: Rakoczy Susan
Published: October 2018

Discernment is a fundamental dimension of growth in the spiritual life in which the person or community analyses their experience in order to sense the call of God in their life’s trajectory. Florence Nightingale (1820–1910), the founder of modern nursing during her service in the Crimean War, discerned her call through a series of religious experiences beginning when she was 17. Her sense of vocation was met by vehement opposition from her family and others, but with the help various of spiritual advisers she was able to discern that God was calling her to serve others as a nurse when nursing was a despised occupation for women of her social class. After her return from the War, she lived a life of seclusion in order to write and organise the principles of nursing for the British Medical Service. This article presents the various dimensions of Nightingale’s vocational discernment and analyses them in reference to the feminist discernment principle of trusting one’s experience.
Visceral Leishmaniasis in Hospitalized HIV-Infected Patients in Pernambuco, Brazil
Authors: Guedes Diego Lins , Medeiros Zulma , Dionísio da Silva Elis , Martins de Vasconcelos Audrey Violeta , Santana da Silva Mariana , Lopes da Silva Maria Almerice , Ramos de Araújo Paulo Sérgio , Miranda-Filho Demócrito de Barros
Published: October 2018

Common in four continents, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an important but neglected disease. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases the risk of developing VL in people from leishmaniasis-endemic areas, with worse prognosis when there is coinfection. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of HIV/VL coinfection in patients admitted in three referral hospitals for HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Pernambuco, Brazil, and to compare epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics among HIV/VL coinfected and HIV mono-infected individuals. The sample consisted of HIV patients aged 18 years or more, in a period of data collection of 6 months. We performed four Leishmania tests—polymerase chain reaction (PCR), direct agglutination test, rK39, and latex agglutination test—and individuals with at least one positive test were considered coinfected. The HIV/VL coinfection prevalence we found was 16.9%. We observed large variation in prevalence according to the Leishmania test used, with low coincidence of positive tests. The most frequent symptoms found were weight loss (75.6%), fever (67.6%), and cough (55.3%). When we compared HIV/VL coinfected and HIV mono-infected groups we did not observe statistically significant differences. Low educational level (P = 0.004) and pallor (P = 0.009) were more frequent in the coinfected group. Serum albumin level was higher in coinfected individuals (P = 0.009). It is important to follow-up these individuals to understand the dynamics of VL in people living with HIV. New tests are necessary, ideally differentiating active from latent infection. Testing for VL in people with HIV is important and should be considered as part of the initial investigation in these individuals.
Extending the emergency management toolbox with problem-based cases
Authors: Blanco, PhD Hilda , Mathur, PhD Shishir
Published: October 2018

Emergency management (EM) agencies throughout the United States use several types of exercises to train communities and their leaders for disasters. Frequently used exercises are based on the learning-bydoing tradition in educational theory. Many of these exercises, because they engage top leadership over a day or several days, can only be staged infrequently and may not be sufficient to prepare communities or major agencies for disasters. This paper examines other active learning methods, such as case-based or problem-based instruction, as additional education and training tools for EM. In particular, a combination of the case-based and problem-based methods capitalizes on the strengths of both teaching tools. Problembased case instruction provides a useful new method for extending the disaster management toolbox.
Four case studies of emergency operations centers: Design characteristics and implications
Authors: Neal, PhD David M.
Published: October 2018

Few studies exist on Emergency Operating Center (EOC) location and design. In response to the lack of literature on the topic, this study describes some basic characteristics of four EOCs located in central Alabama. The results of the study show that convenience and availability determine the EOC site selection. The EOCs in the study have dedicated areas for offices, operations, and meetings. In a perfect world, the respondents in the study recommended that EOCs should have sleeping areas, showers, cooking facilities, and restrooms. The biggest challenge faced by the respondents in the study was noise level in the operations room, which hinders communications and decision making. Most have attempted various strategies with some success to tackle this issue. A combination of allotted space, resources, personal experience, and advice from others strongly influence EOC design and configuration.
Emergency preparedness in the workplace
Authors: Della-Giustina, PhD Daniel E.
Published: October 2018

-
January/February 2005
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: October 2018

Volume 3, Number 1
Hazard mitigation planning utilizing the HAZUS-MH Flood Model and Hurricane Wind Model
Authors: Pine, EdD John C. , Mashriqui, PhD Hassan , Pedro Stephanie , Meyer Jennifer
Published: October 2018

This study uses FEMA’s new flood model software, HAZUS-MH (Multi-Hazard), to assess the socio economic damages following floods. HAZUS-MH provides dollar figures for land use planners, flood managers, and emergency planners to utilize in their pre- and post-disaster planning of the economical, social, and environmental consequences of flooding. HAZUS-MH estimates financial losses resulting from a 100-year flood by analyzing the potential direct and indirect economic damages that could occur in a local jurisdiction. HAZUS-MH Flood Model and Hurricane Wind Model was used to estimate losses in the Parish of East Baton Rouge, Louisiana, as part of the jurisdiction’s hazard mitigation planning process. Depth grid maps and flood loss maps are explained and displayed to show the results of the flood hazard and loss analysis. The article evaluates HAZUS-MH against the criteria of quality, timeliness, and completeness. The different levels of HAZUS-MH are explained within the context of accuracy. The article also explains how geographic information system (GIS) data layers can be made available to public officials by use of a free downloadable GIS data reader.
Determining critical wind speeds for overturning two types of ambulances and a large city bus
Authors: Schmidlin, PhD Thomas W. , Hammer, MA Barbara O. , King, BS Paul S. , Miller, PhD L. Scott , Thumann, MS Gregory , Wetherington, MA Helene
Published: October 2018

Two types of ambulances and a city bus were modeled in a wind tunnel for the minimum wind speed required to upset the stationary vehicles. The Type I ambulance was vulnerable to upset with wind speeds of 135 to 150 mph on the vehicle over wind angles of 40° to 145°. The Type II ambulance was vulnerable to upset with wind speeds of 140 to 170 mph over wind angles of 30° to 145°. The 40-passenger city bus was vulnerable to upset with wind speeds of 60 to 75 mph over wind angles of 35° to 145°. These results showed ambulances were more stable in high winds than common passenger vehicles, but the city bus was very vulnerable in high winds. Testing showed that moving ambulances can be driven at low speeds in minimal hurricane-force winds without exceeding the upset wind speeds on the vehicles. This information provides guidance for safe operation of these vehicles during high winds including hurricanes, thunderstorms, and extra-tropical cyclones.
Critical curriculum for emergency management leaders: Three essential themes
Authors: Woodbury, MA Glen L.
Published: October 2018

The discipline of emergency management has been evolving in scope and priority at an accelerating rate over the past decade. But the educational opportunities and focus areas have not necessarily kept pace with this change. While the volume of higher education curriculum has increased, three key thematic areas must be addressed as the baseline of knowledge for emergency management professionals: 1) hazard and threat science, 2) sociological and psychological considerations, and 3) prevention/mitigation principles.
Managing growth in community emergency response team programs
Authors: Gresser, BS, MA Rob
Published: October 2018

Since September 11, 2001, Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) programs have expanded to meet the growing demand for training in disaster preparedness. While extra help during a disaster is needed due to a lack of resources, the use of volunteer responders presents a unique challenge to emergency service managers.Even when trained, volunteers are often not prepared for the physical, mental, and psychological strain of a crisis. As a result, their needs differ from those of professional emergency workers. Conse - quently, organizing and delegating work to volunteers adds a level of complexity to the role of emergency managers.The CERT program in Chandler, Arizona—one of the largest in the state—trained over 400 people in the last year and has encountered many of the problems associated with a rapidly growing volunteer program. During this period of growth, trainers identified several problem areas facing disaster managers including communication issues, effective incident command, a lack of focus that can lead to freelancing at scenes, and the psychological needs of responders. Currently, these issues are being addressed through added training in critical areas, mandatory critical incident stress debriefing, and further studies to better the CERT program.Currently, the CERT is examining several ideas to help alleviate these problems through continuing education. Professional responders need to work alongside CERT members and become attuned to the signs of physical and emotional exhaustion in volunteers. In addition, they need to be trained in assertiveness and the skill of defusing potentially volatile situations. Team members need to receive training each year to refresh their skills and be reminded of the mission: to do the greatest good for the greatest number.
March/April 2005
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: October 2018

Volume 3, Number 2
News briefs
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: October 2018

-
Benchmarking emergency preparedness and response practices in the process industry
Authors: Keren Nir , West Harry H. , Mannan M. Sam
Published: October 2018

Process safety of a chemical plant encompasses several layers of protection. Control measures, shutdown systems, release absorption, accumulation of releases by dikes, and protection by barriers are layers of protection that are intended to prevent the development of an event. Emergency response is the next line of defense to control an event or, in case of loss of control, to minimize the consequences. However, a reliable response to an emergency event requires planning. This paper presents results of a benchmarking study of practices of emergency preparedness and response of 15 facilities in the process industry.
Emergency management theory: Issues, barriers, and recommendations for improvement
Authors: McEntire, PhD David A.
Published: October 2018

-
May/June 2005
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: October 2018

Volume 3, Number 3
911 Center staffing during hurricanes: A survey to determine best practices
Authors: Kearns Christopher J.
Published: October 2018

Staffing an emergency 911 center is a difficult task. During a hurricane threat, maintaining the appropriate amount of staff and having the preparations in place to support them are more important than ever. Ensuring proper breaks, food, and sleeping accommodations are overlooked by many 911 centers. Taking care of families, having backup facilities, and having support policies in place are essential to success. A recent survey of Florida 911 centers provided the basis for the suggestions and best practices discussed in this study.
Theories relevant to emergency management versus a theory of emergency management
Authors: Drabek, PhD Thomas E.
Published: October 2018

-
July/August 2005
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: October 2018

Volume 3, Number 4
REVISITING THE PURPOSE OF DISASTER PLANNING
Authors: McEntire, PhD David A.
Published: October 2018

-
The role of the Incident Command System
Authors: Nicholson, JD William C.
Published: October 2018

-
Community emergency response teams and community disaster planning
Authors: Bertone Frank M.
Published: October 2018

-
The historical challenges facing emergency management and homeland security
Authors: McEntire, PhD David A.
Published: October 2018

This article discusses thirteen challenges facing emergency management and homeland security. These include the tension between national security and the all-hazards approach, apathy, the disconnect between development and disasters, the subsidization of risk, the paper plan syndrome, a reactive approach, a firstresponder orientation, limited budgets, insufficient personnel, heavy work loads, political appointees, poor management, and politics. The article concludes with a discussion and recommendations for the future.
Floodplain creep and beyond: An assessment of next-generation floodplain problems
Authors: Waldner, PhD Leora S.
Published: October 2018

Since the 1970s, local jurisdictions have made great strides in protecting their floodplains through land use ordinances. Jurisdictions that joined the National Flood Insurance Program have prohibited structures in the regulatory floodway, and several jurisdictions have gone a step further, prohibiting structures in the 100-year floodplain. What next? If local governments are successfully keeping structures away from floodplains, have they adequately addressed floodplain issues—or do other problems remain unaddressed? This research examines Atlanta-region counties, and uncovers four potential next-generation problems, including the following: (1) floodplain creep (expansion of the floodplain) resulting from increased impervious surfaces and development; (2) the unrestricted development of homes in the 100-year floodplain of small dams; (3) cumulative riparian effects of cut and fill practices; and (4) lack of information for prospective homeowners of floodplain-burdened property.
A case study of the law enforcement/emergency medical services response to the Virginia Tech mass casualty incident on April 16, 2007
Authors: Collins, PhD Matthew Lloyd
Published: October 2018

The April 16, 2007, shooting rampage on the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) campus, carried out by Seung-Hui Cho, was the worst gun-related massacre in the history of the United States. The purpose of this article is twofold. First, it examines the emergency management literature on interagency communication, collaboration, and coordination as it relates to the Virginia Tech mass casualty incident (MCI). Second, the article presents a single instrumental case study that focuses on the bounded case of the Virginia Tech MCI. Through multiple sources of data collection to include observations, interviews, and document analysis, this study found that 14 law enforcement agencies and 13 emergency medical services agencies responded to the Virginia Tech MCI. With only two exceptions, the law enforcement agencies involved in the response to this MCI responded informally or self-deployed (arrived without being dispatched). However, all of the emergency medical services agencies that responded were formally dispatched. Lessons learned from the emergency management literature review and the case study will be discussed. In conclusion, policy recommendations, which will be generalizable to other rural university campuses and rural organizational settings, will be made.
On-site information sharing for emergency response management
Authors: Yang, PhD, MSc, BSc, MBCS, CITP Lili
Published: October 2018

Emergency response to any man-made or natural disasters involves different organizations—such as fire and rescue service, emergency medical services, law enforcement (police forces), and responders from other governmental and nongovernmental organizations. Information sharing and management among these responding organizations is essential for the success of the emergency responses, not only during a disaster but also before and after the disaster. Information sharing among different organizations cannot occur overnight and must be in place before a disaster occurs, be able to be easily used during the disaster, and be maintained after the disaster. In this article, information sharing requirements and features for emergency response are discussed before an information sharing infrastructure is proposed. It is particularly expected to enable the response organizations to efficiently communicate with each other in the charged and high-pressure atmosphere of an on-going disaster response. On-site information collection is suggested to be carried out through wireless sensor networks (WSN) and radio frequency identification (RFID). The key technologies for securing information sharing in emergency response management are identified. Our ongoing project SafetyNET is described to illustrate the implementation of the information sharing system.
Protecting the functionality of airports during disaster responses—Natural disasters, accidents, and pandemics
Authors: Smith, PhD, PE, Captain USNR (Ret.), MASCE James Fielding , Waggoner, BA, EMT-P, EMSI Sandra Sue , Rabjohn, DipEP Arthur , Bachar, BGen (Ret.) Avi
Published: October 2018

Airports are important assets during disaster response. Traditional roles as command posts, shelters, temporary hospitals, and alternative communication hubs were filled by airports after Hurricane Katrina and for 9/11 flight diversions. The basic thesis of this article is that airports need special measures to preserve functionality (continuity of business) during response and recovery. The second thesis is that sound emergency management measures should be built into airports as a type of mitigation. This article applies qualitative analysis to historical case studies, plans, documents, and scenarios for use of airports during disasters. It focuses on policy, procedural, organizational, and operational measures to protect the functionality during responses.
Impact of school closings on hospital staff absenteeism: A case study
Authors: Timm, MD Nathan , Grupp-Phelan, MD, MPH Jacqueline , Kroner, MSN, RN Joseph S.
Published: October 2018

Objective: Determine the impact school closings during snow emergencies have on hospital nursing absenteeism.Design: Retrospective case-control study.Setting: Large urban tertiary-care children’s hospital.Participants: Inpatient nursing staff.Main outcomes measured: Absenteeism rates due to lack of child care during snow emergency dates.Results: There is a statistically significant difference between nursing absenteeism due school closings compared with control dates (p = 0.01); however, the overall impact on hospital nursing staff availability is minimal (0.4 percent).Conclusions: Short-term school closings during snow emergencies do not result in significant rates of nursing absenteeism due to lack of child care.
November/December 2007
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: October 2018

Volume 5, Number 6
Challenges to regionalization of emergency management
Authors: Simon, BS, MA Neil , Altschul Sanford
Published: October 2018

-
The next 5,000 years of disasters: Presumed threats and solutions
Authors: Kuepper Gunnar J.
Published: October 2018

-
When terrorism comes to school: Better planning through a focus on key functions, not scenarios
Authors: Dorn, MSM Michael , Dorn Chris
Published: October 2018

The 2004 terrorist attack on Russian schoolchildren, teachers, and parents in Beslan shocked the conscience of the world. Clearly, there are lessons to be learned from this and other atrocities. However, there is a dangerous tendency to focus too much on past terrorism scenarios when deciding how to address future terrorism concerns for our schools. While it is always crucial that we examine previous events and learn from them, our extensive research, training, and formal work experience in the field of antiterrorism in schools shows that an excessively scenario-driven approach is affecting many communities. This article explores how using a reality-based, functional approach to school antiterrorism measures will yield better results than in-depth analysis of previous instances of school-related terrorism.
Preparing nurses for a radiological terrorism incident: A case-study approach
Authors: Jennings-Sanders, DrPH, RN Andrea
Published: October 2018

Like most disasters, radiological terrorism incidents can strike a community with very little warning. Nurses working in community settings need to be prepared to manage such an event and to work collaboratively with other professions. The Jennings Disaster Nursing Management Model is one tool that can assist nurses in their preparation and management of radio - logical terrorism incidents. Being prepared for disasters can have a significant impact in reducing healthcare and other disaster-related costs.
Emergency relief in floods: Are we meeting the demands of affected women?
Authors: Hoque, PhD Bilqis A. , Sack, MD R. Bradley , Khanam, MA S. , Hossain, MCom S. , Karim, MS Mabooba , Arif, BSc (Engg) Shazzadul
Published: October 2018

-
January/February 2007
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: October 2018

Volume 5, Number 1
Newsbriefs
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: October 2018

-
Living, leaving, and dying for New Orleans—an insider’s perspective on Katrina
Authors: Monfredo, PhD William
Published: October 2018

This article discusses Hurricane Katrina’s meteorological setting and history, surrounding evacuation issues, and aftermath. The author, who lived in New Orleans for more than three years, taught and researched climatic hazards at the University of New Orleans, and was no stranger to evacuations, began driving to Tucson 18 hours before Katrina’s landfall and returned five months later. The article raises important considerations, including recommendations for the future. The results of flood-damage surveys conducted in Lakeview and the Lower Ninth Ward districts of New Orleans reveal an intriguing aspect: unlike in Lakeview, which filled with water over a period of hours, intense and widespread flash flooding occurred east of the Industrial Canal, yielding damage similar to that from an F4/F5 tornado. Perhaps more importantly, the article explores various reasons for why some people from these areas did not or will not evacuate when faced with imminent danger. Analyzing the events leading up to and following Katrina’s landfall can help us understand how such senseless tragedy resulted from several fatal flaws: denial, woeful preparation, and poverty. Given that Gulf Coast residents now live within a climate pattern of enhanced hurricane frequency and intensity compared to the three-decade period pre-1995, the best advice for those asked to evacuate is to just say yes.While this piece reads as a more personal account than most on the subject, it is hoped that it offers an intriguing perspective on the cultural issues impacting evacuations.
Wind-missile impact capacity of essential facilities
Authors: Yazdani, PhD Nur , Green, PhD Perry , Haroon, PhD Saif
Published: October 2018

Windborne debris during a hurricane may cause damage to building façades, resulting in significant economic losses and injury or death. Recent building codes have adopted variations of the large-wind-missile impact test in order to certify roof/wall components for hurricane resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of commonly used Florida wall and roof assemblies under enhanced large-wind-missile impact testing, beyond the basic test specified in the Florida Building Code. Relevant standards specify similar enhanced standards for essential facilities and shelters. Based on a thorough literature review, a list of wall and roof assemblies that had not been tested before was selected. Wall assemblies included wood and metal framing systems and concrete panels. Roof assemblies included metal framing systems and concrete panels. A comprehensive list of wall and roof assemblies that passed the enhanced test was developed. Assemblies that should be avoided in the construction of essential facilities were also noted.
Implementing a Common Alerting Protocol for hazard warning in Sri Lanka
Authors: Gow, PhD Gordon A.
Published: October 2018

The Indian Ocean tsunami of December 2004 and the false warnings and evacuations of March 2005 associated with the Great Nias earthquake highlighted the need not only for a sophisticated tsunami detection system in the region but also for a means to disseminate warning messages to local communities at risk. To be effective, local warning requires an interconnected system of diverse communication technologies which in turn require integration through a common data interchange format, such as the Common Alerting Protocol (CAP). The CAP standard was developed and introduced in 2004 to facilitate the interoperability of hazard warning technologies, but it has yet to be widely deployed, especially in less developed countries.This article presents preliminary findings from an ongoing study that involves the implementation of the CAP standard to support a local all-hazards warning system in Sri Lanka. In particular, it describes the challenges of implementing a CAP-based information system for managing multilingual warnings across a set of five technologies in 32 tsunami-affected villages along the southern and eastern coasts of Sri Lanka.
Stories after disaster survival: Preparing, heeding warnings, and self-reliance
Authors: Killian, PhD Timothy S. , Moon, PhD Zola K. , McNeill, PhD Charleen C. , Person-Michener, PhD Joanna , Garrison, PhD M. E. Betsy
Published: October 2018

Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the content of stories told by people personally impacted by disasters.Design: Semistructured, qualitative interviews. Setting: Northwest part of a mid-south state.Participants: Fourteen disaster survivors who were recruited through their attendance at an emergency preparedness-related fair.Main Outcome Measures: Interview schedule based on previous research using the family resilience framework.Results: Three themes emerged: prior emergency preparation, heeding warnings of impending disaster, and rural self-reliance.Conclusions: Participants had made prior emergency preparedness plans, but their personal experiences led to them adjusting their plans, or making more relevant plans for future disasters. Participants expressed the importance of sharing their experiences with family and community members, expressing hope that others would learn, vicariously rather than firsthand, from their experiences.
Examining the influence of professional emergency management coordinators driving preparedness and resilience on university campuses
Authors: Murphy, PhD, MPH, MBA Stephen A. , Lichtveld, MD, MPH Maureen
Published: October 2018

Objective: To characterize the compliance with disaster management recommendations of ensuring a full-time, dedicated professional is responsible for coordinating disaster management programs. This research targets a subset of institutions of higher education (IHEs) in the United States at risk of annual hurricane threats or having experienced an active shooter incident near campus.Design: A comprehensive Web-based assessment was conducted to determine the Web presence of emergency management of 265 IHEs with student enrollment greater than 2,000 in coastal states at risk of annual Atlantic Hurricane landfalls. Results were displayed spatially using ArcGIS. Results: Although the Web sites of 91 percent of IHEs with enrollment greater than 20,000 displayed easily accessible information on a dedicated professional leading emergency management, only 42 percent of the Web sites of those IHEs with enrollment between 10,000 and 20,000 did so. As enrollment declined, the compliance rate declined. Compliance rates for IHEs with different enrollments were as follows: 6,001-9,999, 30 percent; 3,001-6,000, 23 percent; 2,000-3,000, 13 percent.Conclusions: A full-time, dedicated professional coordinating emergency preparedness is a best practice as evidenced by various accrediting bodies, but this practice is not mandated for IHEs. Our results suggest that proximity to significant annual hurricane threats does not influence the adoption of this recommendation. Despite IHEs being core stakeholders in assuring disaster resilience, gaps exist in preparedness practice.
Volume 16, Number 2
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: October 2018

March/April 2018
Social media as a public alert and notification system
Authors: Simon, PhD, MPH Tomer
Published: October 2018

-
Prescribers' perceptions on the impact of hydrocodone rescheduling on geriatric pain management: A qualitative study
Authors: Fernandez, PharmD, BCPS, CGP Julianna , Thornton, PhD, PharmD, BCPS James Douglas , Rege, MS Sanika , Lewing, MS Benjamin , Bapat, BPharm Shweta , Xu, MS Qingqing , Fleming, PhD, MPH, RPH Marc L.
Published: October 2018

Objective: To qualitatively assess prescribers’ perceptions regarding the consequences associated with hydrocodone rescheduling among geriatric patients being discharged from inpatient settings.Design: This was a cross-sectional study.Setting: Two focus groups were conducted by a trained facilitator in a metropolitan academic medical center in January 2016.Participants: Prescribers who manage noncancer pain for geriatric patients were recruited. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and then analyzed using ATLAS.ti Qualitative Data Analysis software. Codes were derived from six primary research questions and results were summarized into key themes regarding the impact of rescheduling.Main outcome measures: Prescribers’ perceptions regarding hydrocodone rescheduling.Results: Prescribers mentioned that they review the prescription monitoring program (PMP) more often before prescribing opioids after rescheduling. They expressed concern regarding the required special serialized prescription forms needed to issue schedule II prescriptions. This led to substituting hydrocodone with potentially less effective pain medications, the inability to issue refills on hydrocodone prescriptions, and an ethical concern over prescribing hydrocodone to patients not under their direct care. Additionally, rescheduling has affected the coordination of care upon discharge, as patients moving to long-term care or skilled nursing facilities may not have adequate pain management when transferred.Conclusions: The majority of physicians felt rescheduling negatively impacted both practical and ethical aspects of patient care related to pain management after discharge. Rescheduling has changed physicians’ hydrocodone prescribing patterns, leading to more caution when prescribing hydrocodone and greater use of the PMP. Future studies should assess geriatric patients’ satisfaction and quality of life regarding pain management since hydrocodone was rescheduled.