bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peer pressure as a predictor of career decision-making among high school students in Midlands Province, Zimbabwe
Authors: Mtemeri Jeofrey
Published: December 2020

Career decision-making, particularly among high school students, is something that all students should carefully consider since it has ripple effects in one’s life. This paper presents an overview of peer pressure as a factor that influences career decision-making among high school students in Midlands Province, Zimbabwe. A quantitative research approach was used in the current study. A survey design that made use of questionnaires in collecting data was used. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse data. A total of 1,010student participants and 20 career guidance teachers who were randomly selected participated in this study. Results from the study indicated that students are influenced by their peers in making career decisions in a number of ways. Chief among the predictors were peer advice, encouragement and peer education. However, students denied that they seek validation of their career decisions from their peers. The study recommended that a similar national study be carried out to enable generalisation of the results to a wider community.
 
Keywords: Peer influence, career choices, decision-making, Midlands Province.
Housing protection and temporal priority
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Argentina, Monge Natalia Leonor
Published: December 2020

As soon as the law 26.994 entered into effect it replaced the wellknown family property regulated by the law 14.394. “The new protection regime finds its grounds in the Human Right to housing and it becomes an independent familial institution, though not unconnected to it” (Herrera et al., 2015, p. 410). The new regime returns to the table a subject, by the way quite discussed in the doctrine linked, to the temporary priority of registration. In this sense, the normative design refers us to the treatment that the National Real Estate Registry Law, that is, implicitly recognizes the existence of two types of priority with very different effects Therefore, this work will bring to light the linguistic problem considering the wording of the second paragraph of the article 244 of the Civil and Commercial Code. In the same way, the deducted difficulties on the assumption of direct priority will be exposed and, lastly, considering that housing is an essential human right, a work alternative that resembles the effects of the official report to the premise of indirect priority will be offered.
Dimensions of precedent: a methodology to understand the doctrine of precedent
Authors:   Universidad Católica Argentina, Facultad de Derecho. CABA. Argentina, Ratti Mendaña Florencia S.
Published: December 2020

This article evidences multiple ways in which judicial precedent is used in different legal systems. It shows that: a) precedent is currently used, one way or another, in every legal system but its use differs in each legal system and frequently it is used differently even between courts of the same legal system; b) a comparative analysis under the methodology hereby proposed would provide useful tools in order to address how to “treat like cases alike”. The main aim of this research is to set the conceptual framework for an adequate understanding and study of the doctrine of precedent. To do this, some dimensions of the doctrine of precedent will be added to those enumerated by Michele Taruffo and analyzed not only theoretically, but also under concrete examples of how they work in different legal systems —both of common law and civil law.
The rights of the child in the regulation of parental responsibility
Authors:   Universidad Católica Argentina, Facultad de Derecho, CABA, Argentina, Sancho Manuela ,   Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Derecho, CABA, Argentina
Published: December 2020

The Civil and Commercial Code has introduced numerous changes in the institute of parental responsibility as a result of the process of constitutionalization of private law. The author invites to reflect on how these changes have recepted the international paradigms on child protection and what are the pending challenges.
The role of the economic sciences professional in the budgetary cycle
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Jurídicas, Santa Rosa, Argentina, Catellani Carla Eleonora , Reinaudi Roxana Valeria ,   Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Jurídicas, Santa Rosa, Argentina
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the intervention of the economics professional in the different stages of the budget cycle will be addressed. The professional in economic sciences to whom we refer, is the one established in 1973 in law 20.488 (public accountant, bachelor of administration, bachelor of economics and actuary), who has an active role in the administration of the public sector more precisely in its intervention in the budget cycle. The scope of the study of this cycle is made up of different stages that, although they are specified successively within the same cycle, at the same time overlapping with the stages of the previous and subsequent cycles in time. In these stages one of the main instruments of any democratic State is specified: the public budget will have as many definicions as ways of looking at it. The work is complemented by a description of professional performance in them and the importance of interdisciplinary work.
Reasons for Obstetric Scan Among Pregnant Women in Keffi, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study of a Low-Cost Ultrasound Centre
Authors: Yakubu Idris Muhammad , Banerjee Srikanta
Published: December 2020

Ultrasound is a safe diagnostic tool used in pregnancy to detect significant causes of foeto-maternal mortality. We explored the reasons for an obstetric scan in 400 randomly selected pregnant women attending a low-cost ultrasound centre in Nigeria. We used a cross-sectional analysis using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire.The results showed that the participants were aged 27.37±5.96 years, 76% literate, 68.5% Muslims, 50.5% small-scale self-employees, and 31.45% grand-multiparous. The reasons for an obstetric scan were foetal well-being (44.2%), referral by a health worker (34%), gender determination (9.7%), vaginal bleeding (4.8%), confirmation of pregnancy (2.6%), due-date determination (2.5%), foetal weight estimation (2.1%), and foetal number (0.1%). Spouse education with foetal wellbeing (p = .001), gender determination (p = .002), and dating of gestation (p = .002); participants’ occupation with referral by a health worker (p = .026) and confirmation of pregnancy (p = .044); spouse occupation with foetal wellbeing (p = .004) and vaginal bleeding (p < .001); daily household income with referral by a health worker (p < .001) and pregnancy dating (p = .005); and religion with gender determination (p = .007). Health education and improved access to ultrasound services will go a long way in improving maternal/child health.
DETEKSI DAN IDENTIFIKASI Austropuccinia psidii PADA MYRTACEAE DI YOGYAKARTAINDONESIA
Authors:   Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan, Prihatini Istiana , Nurtjahjaningsih I.L.G. ,   Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan, Faradilla Farah Aulya , Suranto Suranto ,   Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
Published: December 2020

Austropuccinia psidii is a pathogenic fungus that causes rust in the Myrtaceae plant. The extensive plantation of the host of this fungus has increased the attack of fungal pathogen, therefore, will increase the threat tothe presence of Myrtaceae species around the globe including in Indonesia. This present study was aiming to detect and identify the presence of this pathogen by morphologicaland molecular observation. Morphological observationrevealed the presence of A. psidii urediniospores onsalam (Syzygium polyanthum) andkayuputih (Melaleuca cajuputi)leaves collected from the arboretum of the Indonesian Center for Forest Biotechnology and Tree Improvement (CFBTI), and the presence of teliospores on young Syzygium leaves. PCR amplification using specific primers of Ppsi1 / Ppsi6 succeeded in detecting the presence of A. psidii fungi Melaleuca and Syzygium showed by DNA amplicon length around 500bp. Efforts to obtain ITS DNA sequences to compare the molecular characteristics of fungi from two different hosts have been carried out, however, the sequencing electropherogram was unreadable, so the comparison can not be performed. This study reported that A. psidii is currently present in Myrtaceae species in Yogyakarta, therefore precaution efforts should be conducted to avoid economic and ecological impact from this pathogen.
ALLOMETRIC MODELS FOR ESTIMATING TREE BIOMASS OF DRYLAND SECONDARY FOREST IN EAST HALMAHERA
Authors:   Institut Pertanian Bogor, Zaenal Mujahidah
Published: December 2020

Pendugaan biomassa hutan sekunder diperlukan untuk mendukung pengurangan emisi karbon dioksida melalui peningkatan cadangan karbon hutan. Umumnya, biomassa hutan diduga secara tidak langsung menggunakan model-model alometrik biomassa pohon yang disusun berdasarkan pengambilan sampel destruktif dari sejumlah pohon contoh. Ketersediaan model-model alometrik biomassa untuk hutan sekunder di Indonesia masih terbatas, khususnya untuk ekosistem hutan sekunder di bagian timur Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun model-model alometrik biomassa pohon jenis campuran di hutan sekunder Halmahera Timur, Maluku Utara, serta untuk membandingkan akurasi model-model alometrik lokal tersebut dengan model-model alometrik lain yang umum digunakan dalam pendugaan biomassa hutan sekunder. Pengukuran biomassa pohon dilakukan secara destruktif terhadap 18 pohon jenis campuran (dengan kisaran diameter 5,4 – 36,9 cm) di hutan sekunder. Sampel-sampel dari tiap bagian pohon (batang, cabang, ranting, dan daun) dianalisis di laboratorium untuk menentukan biomassa tiap pohon contoh. Model-model alometrik disusun menggunakan analisis regresi non-linier, yang kemudian dibandingkan dengan model-model alometrik lain. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa biomassa pohon jenis campuran di lokasi penelitian dapat diduga secara akurat menggunakan model M7 yang menggunakan peubah diameter, tinggi dan kerapatan kayu. Model alometrik lokal tersebut lebih akurat dibandingkan dengan model-model alometrik lain yang umum digunakan untuk pendugaan biomassa hutan tropis. Alternatifnya, model M3 yang menggunakan peubah diameter dan tinggi juga dapat digunakan ketika data kerapatan kayu tidak tersedia. Model-model alometrik lokal dari penelitian ini dapat memperkaya ketersediaan model-model alometrik biomassa untuk ekosistem hutan sekunder di bagian timur Indonesia.
The Potency of Some Wild Edible Mushrooms with Economic Value in Belitong Island, The Province of Bangka Belitung
Authors:   Institut Pertanian Bogor, Permana Ivan
Published: December 2020

Belitong Island, The Province of Bangka Belitung is one of the exotic places with the biodiversity which has not been optimally inventoried. One of the potential germplasm that has not been recorded properly on Belitong Island is the mushrooms diversity and their potential uses. Mushroom are known as non-timber forestry product that is often sought after by local ethnic of Belitong Island and used as food. Apart from being consumed, these wild mushrooms are also traded, so they are one of the important seasonal commodities for the local community. This research aimed to provide the basic taxonomical information of wild edible mushroom in Belitong island as well as the biological characters. Observations were conducted 2 times in 2018 – 2019 using opportunistic sampling method.The utilization data of wild edible mushroom were collected to complete the macrofungi description in this study. A number of 5 edible wild mushrooms with th eeconomic value reported in this study were: Amanita sect. caesarea (kulat pelandok), Heimioporus sp. (kulat pelawan), Hygrocybe cf. conica (kulat tiong), Phylloporus sp. (kulat sukatan), and Volvariella sp. (kulat sawit). Three species of fungi are ectomycorrhizal forming fungi, namely kulat pelandok with Schima wallichii, kulat pelawan with Tristaniopsis merguensis, and kulat sukatan which host is still unclear. Meanwhile the rest are saprophytic macrofungi. All wild edible mushrooms are members of the phylum Basidiomycota which are divided into 2 orders and 4 families. Heimioporus sp. is known to be the highest selling price mushroom compared to the others, which indicated the potential prospect to proceed to the cultivation stage. In addition, conservation management of plants that are hosts of ectomycorrhizal fungi need to be an important concern on Belitong Island.
3 States of emergence, states of emergency
Authors: Lord Catherine
Published: December 2020

Reflecting about 3.1. States of Emergence, States of Emergency (2012).
4.2 Purity
Authors: Ward Tara
Published: December 2020

Reflecting about 4.2. Purity (2013).
5 Boundaries
Authors: Ward Kiron , Wilson Laura
Published: December 2020

Reflecting about 5.1. Boundaries (2014).
8 Networks
Authors: McKnight Heather , Rodan Lisa
Published: December 2020

Reflecting about 8.1. Networks (2018).
New Normal: An Hrm Perspective of Post COVID-19 in the Airline Industry
Authors: Imam Hassan
Published: December 2020

In January 2020, the World Health Organization declared a public health emergency and announced a new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which would later go on to be declared as a pandemic, changing the global sphere and placing the economies of almost all countries under heavy stress. The airline industry, that had just begun recovering after facing crises one after another in the last two decades, from early 2000 due to 9/11, to the global financial crisis later, is now oce again facing an enormous challenge of closed borders and greater lockdowns due to the pandemic. Borders are closed, with very few planes are in the air, while the rest are grounded. The purpose of this paper is to give a conceptual understanding of the current pandemic situation and its consequences on the airline industry. The paper takes a unique perspective of human resource management (HRM) that is rarely used in the airline industry.
Comparison of Kinematic Characteristics of Upper Body according to the Shooting of Elite Disabled Archery Athletes
Authors: Kim Taewhan , Lee JaeWon , Kang SeoungKi , Chae KyuYeon , Choi Sang-Hyup , Song Yong-Gwan
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the kinematic characteristics of the upper limb segments during the archery shooting of Paralympic Wheelchair Class archers (ARW2 - second wheelchair class – paraplegia or comparable disability) and Paralympic Standing Class archers (ARST - standing archery class – loss of 25 points in the upper limbs or lower limbs), where archers are classified according to their disability grade among elite disabled archers. The participants of this study were selected as seven elite athletes with disabilities, 4 ARW2, and 3 ARST. The analysis variables were 1) the time required for each phase, 2) the angle of inclination of the body center, 3) the change of trajectory of body center, and 4) the change of movement locus of bow center by phase when performing six shots in total. The ARW2 group showed a longer time than the ARST group, and the angle of the body did not show a significant difference between the two groups. Although there was no significant difference in the mean score between the two groups, it was judged that kinematic performance according to each group was, in that there was a measurable variation in kinematic variables.
Fragments of dynamic of Möebious mappings and some applications. Part II
Authors:   University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro, Pavićević Žarkop ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia, Šušić Jela , Marković Marijan
Published: December 2020

Using dynamic and geometry of Möebious mappings we prove Lindelöf type theorems for much larger class of functions on the unit disk than previously considered class of meromor-phic functions.
Inverse problems for Sturm – Liouville operator. With potential functions from L2[0,π]
Authors:   University of Banja Luka, Vojvodić Biljana , Pavlović Komazec Nataša ,   University of East Sarajevo
Published: December 2020

This paper deals with non-self-adjoint second-order differential operatorswith two constant delays. We consider four boundary value problems 𝐷𝑖,𝑘,𝑖=0,1,𝑘=1,2−𝑦′′(𝑥)+𝑞1(𝑥)𝑦(𝑥−𝜏1)+(−1)𝑖𝑞2(𝑥)𝑦(𝑥−𝜏2)=𝜆𝑦(𝑥),𝑥∈[0,𝜋]𝑦′(0)−ℎ𝑦(0)=0, 𝑦′(𝜋)+𝐻𝑘𝑦(𝜋)=0,where𝜋3≤𝜏2<𝜋2≤2𝜏2≤𝜏1<𝜋, ℎ,𝐻1,𝐻2∈ 𝑅\{0} and 𝜆 is a spectral parameter. We assumethat 𝑞1,𝑞2are real-valued potential functions from𝐿2[0,𝜋]such that 𝑞1(𝑥)=0,𝑥∈[0,𝜏1)and𝑞2(𝑥)=0,𝑥∈[0,𝜏2).The inverse spectral problem of recovering operators from their spectra hasbeen studied. We provethat delays 𝜏1,𝜏2and parameters ℎ,𝐻1,𝐻2are uniquely determined from thespectra. Then we prove that potentials are uniquely determined by Volterra linear integral equations.
Some new integral inequalities via Steklov operator
Authors:   University of Tiaret-Algeria, Senouci Abdelkader , Benaissa Bouharke
Published: December 2020

Hardy and Copson type inequalities have been studied by a large number of authors during the twentieth century and has motivated some important lines of study which are currently active. A large number of papers have been appeared involving Copson and Hardy inequalities (see [2-16] for more details). In this paper some Hardy-Steklov and Copson-Steklov type integral inequalities were established.
Analytic approximation of the Debye function
Authors:   Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khishchenko Konstantin Vladimirovich ,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Published: December 2020

An expression in a closed form is proposed for the approximation of the Debyefunction used in thermodynamic models of solids. This expression defines an analytic functionthat has the same limiting behavior as the Debye function at low and high temperatures. Theapproximation gives the maximum relative deviation from the value of the Debye function lessthan 0.001. The proposed expression can be useful in the equations of state of solids in a widetemperature range.
Pengaruh informasi berlebihan terhadap rasa lelah dan disorientasi dengan kognisi sebagai variabel moderasi dalam konten video
Authors: Kenny Kenny
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of information overload on fatigue and disorientation with cognition as the mediator. The object of the study is Kwib, which is a company that engages in video making and animation. This study was conducted at people who use social media, specifically the ones who use social media with the feature of watching video content. In total 68 respondents have participated in this study. The results of this study show that while cognition is an effective mediator of fatigue, information overload does not have any effect on fatigue. However, another result of this study has also shown that when fatigue does occur for the respondent, it will lead to disorientation
Marked Disparities in Life Expectancy by Education, Poverty Level, Occupation, and Housing Tenure in the United States, 1997-2014
Authors: Singh Gopal , Lee Hyunjung
Published: December 2020

Objectives: Socioeconomic disparities in life expectancy in the United States (US) are marked and have widened over time. However, there is limited research using individual-level socioeconomic variables as such information is generally lacking or unreliable in vital records used for life table construction. Using longitudinal cohort data, we computed life expectancy for US adults by social determinants such as education, income/poverty level, occupation, and housing tenure.
Methods: We analyzed the 1997-2014 National Health Interview Survey prospectively linked to mortality records in the National Death Index (N=1,146,271). Standard life table methodologies were used to compute life expectancy and other life table functions at various ages according to socioeconomic variables stratified by sex and race/ethnicity.
Results: Adults with at least a Master’s degree had 14.7 years higher life expectancy at age 18 than those with less than a high school education and 8.3 years higher life expectancy than those with a high school education. Poverty was inversely related to life expectancy. Individuals living in poverty had 10.5 years lower life expectancy at age 18 than those with incomes ≥400% of the poverty threshold. Laborers and those employed in craft and repair occupations had, respectively, 10.9 years and 8.6 years lower life expectancy at age 18 than those with professional and managerial occupations. Male and female renters had, respectively, 4.0 years and 4.6 years lower life expectancy at age 18 than homeowners. Women in the most advantaged socioeconomic group outlived men in the most disadvantaged group by 23.5 years at age 18.
Conclusions and Global Health Implications: Marked socioeconomic gradients in US life expectancy were found across all sex and racial/ethnic groups. Adults with lower education, higher poverty levels, in manual occupations, and with rental housing had substantially lower life expectancy compared to their counterparts with higher socioeconomic position.
Key words: • Life expectancy • Education • Poverty • Occupation • Housing Tenure • Social determinants • Longitudinal
Copyright © 2021 Singh and Lee. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
Active tobacco smoking is associated with lower risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV
Authors: Fernandez-Fuertes Marta , Corma-Gomez Anaïs , Rodriguez-Pineda Elena , Fuentes-Lopez Ana , Rincon Pilar , Serrano-Conde Esther , Real Luis M , Garcia Federico , Macias Juan , Pineda Juan A
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe relationship between tobacco smoking and SARS-CoV-2 infection is poorly understood. We aimed to assess the impact of current smoking on the risk of COVID-19 acquisition in a well-controlled HIV-infected population. We found that, in this setting, tobacco smoking is associated with a lower risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Mask-Wearing During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Aravindakshan Ashwin , Boehnke Jörn , Gholami Ehsan , Nayak Ashutosh
Published: December 2020

Masks have been widely recommended as a precaution against COVID-19 transmission. Several studies have shown the efficacy of masks at reducing droplet dispersion in lab settings. Using individual response data from the Imperial College London — YouGov personal measures survey, this study investigates the effect of mask use on the spread of COVID-19. Mask-wearing shows substantial variations across countries and over time. We use a reduced form econometric model to relate population-wide changes in mask-wearing to the growth rate of confirmed COVID-19 cases. The results indicate that mask-wearing plays an important role in mitigating the spread of COVID-19. Widespread mask-wearing within a country associates with an expected 7% (95% CI: 3.94% — 9.99%) decline in the growth rate of daily active cases of COVID-19 in the country. This daily decline equates to an expected 88.5% drop in daily active cases over a 30-day period when compared to zero percent mask-wearing, all else held equal. The decline in daily growth rate due to the combined effect of mask-wearing, reduced outdoor mobility, and non-pharmaceutical interventions averages 28.1% (95% CI: 24.2%-32%).
Inspection of the Lens Thickness With Preoperative Biometric Measurements Prevents an Erroneous Interpretation of Posterior Capsule During FLACS
Authors: Kurosawa Mei , Horiguchi Hiroshi , Shiba Takuya , Nakano Tadashi
Published: December 2020

Purpose: Optical opacity reduces quality of biometry images, making it potentially difficult to find the correct location for irradiation during femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS). After experiencing a case of posterior capsule (PC) rupture because of optical opacity, we started lens thickness (LT) inspection, which indicates comparison of between intra- and pre-operatively measured LT. We retrospectively investigated the effectiveness of the LT inspection. Methods: One observer reviewed all FLACS treatment summaries for 3 years by CATALYS® in the Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo. Based on the lines defining the PC on intraoperative OCT images, all cases were classified into three groups: undescribed, appropriate and inappropriate PC. Results: Among the 1070 cases, 1047 cases had appropriate PC. In 19 cases, the PC line was undescribed because of dense cataract. Among 474 cases with no inspection, 4 cases had an inappropriate PC. Whereas, in 596 cases with the LT inspection, there was no case of an inappropriate PC. LT inspection significantly reduced the cases with inappropriate PC.Conclusions: The safety margins normally work to prevent severe complications. However, rare outlier cases had a high risk of severe complications. We propose LT inspection could be the most practical and convenient way for safety surgery.
Distinctive Gene Expression Patterns and Imprinting Signatures Revealed in Reciprocal Crosses Between Cattle Sub-Species.
Authors: Liu Ruijie , Tearle Rick , Low Wai Yee , Chen Tong , Thomsen Dana , Smith Timothy , Hiendleder Stefan , Williams John
Published: December 2020

Background There are two genetically distinct subspecies of cattle, Bos taurus taurus and Bos taurus indicus, which arose from independent domestication events. The two types of cattle show substantial phenotypic differences, some of which emerge during fetal development and are reflected in birth outcomes, including birth weight. We explored gene expression profiles in the placenta and four fetal tissues at mid-gestation from one taurine (Bos taurus taurus; Angus) and one indicine (Bos taurus indicus; Brahman) breed and their reciprocal crosses.Results A total of 6,456 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the two purebreds in at least one fetal tissue of which 110 genes were differentially expressed in all five tissues examined. DEGs shared across tissues were enriched for pathways related to immune and stress response functions. Only the liver had a substantial number of DEGs when reciprocal crossed were compared among which 310 DEGs were found to be in common with DEGs identified between purebred livers; these DEGs were significantly enriched for metabolic process GO terms. Analysis of DEGs across purebred and crossbred tissues suggested an additive expression pattern for most genes, where both paternal and maternal alleles contributed to variation in gene expression levels. However, expression of 5% of DEGs in each tissue was consistent with parent of origin effects, with both paternal and maternal dominance effects identified.Conclusions These data identify candidate genes potentially driving the tissue-specific breed differences and provide biological insight into parental genome effects underlying phenotypic differences in bovine fetal development.
Tracking the Progress in Breastfeeding after Implementation of MAA Programme in India
Authors: Singh S.K , Srivast Shobhit
Published: December 2020

Background: Early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding are the most effective interventions to ensure the survival, health, and development of children. This paper analyses the relative change in early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding over the last four years among children born after January 2016 and its significant cofactors at the district level. Results are expected to contribute to tracking the efficacy of the MAA programme initiated by GOI in 2016 to strengthen the country's breastfeeding programme.Methods: The analysis of this study is based on two recent rounds of NFHS: NFHS-4 and NFHS-5, which were conducted during the periods between 2015-16 and 2019-20, respectively. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done to achieve the desired objectives. The analysis has been carried out at a district level incorporating information from 342 districts across 22 phase-I States/UTs.Results: The study reveals a relative increase in exclusive breastfeeding (9 per cent), whereas there was a relative decline in early initiation of breastfeeding (-7 per cent) from 2015-16 to 2019-20. Moreover, women's educational status, four or more antenatal care visits, institutional delivery, and deliveries through cesarean section were significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Still, their association with early breastfeeding initiation was not significant. Conclusion: The MAA programme seems to be effective for rendering positive results for exclusive breastfeeding; however, early initiation of breastfeeding is a cause of concern as its percentage declined significantly from 2015-16 to 2019-20.
The Impact of Native Fallot Anatomy on Future Therapeutic Requirements and Outcomes at Follow-up
Authors: Ravaglioli Antonio , Ali Lamia Ait , Federici Duccio , Salvadori Stefano , Pllumi Arketa , Pak Vitali , Marrone Chiara , Pizzuto Alessandra , Bonhoeffer Philipp , Festa Pierluigi
Published: December 2020

Background: In patients with repaired Fallot, subsequent surgical or interventional procedures and adverse cardiac events are frequent. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a simple pre-operative anatomic classification based on the size of the pulmonary valve annulus and branches on future therapeutic requirements and outcomes.Method This is a single-center retrospective analysis of patients operated for Fallot before the age of 2 years, from January 1990. Pre-operative anatomy, surgical and interventional procedures and adverse events were extrapolated from clinical records. Results: Among the 312 patients, a description of the PV and PAs native anatomy was known in 239 patients (male:147, 61.5%), which were divided in the following 3 groups: group 1 (65 patients) with normal size of both pulmonary valve and pulmonary artery branches; group 2 (108 patients) with pulmonary valve hypoplasia but normal size pulmonary artery branches; group 3 (66 patients) with concomitant hypoplasia of the pulmonary valve and pulmonary artery branches. During the 12.7 years (IQR 6.7-17) follow-up time, 23% of patients required at least one surgical or interventional procedure. At Kaplan-Meier analysis, there was a significant difference in requirement of future surgical or interventional procedures among the 3 groups (p<0,001). At multivariate Cox regression analysis, hypoplasia of pulmonary valve and artery branches was an independent predictor of subsequent procedures (HR:3.1,CI:1.06-9.1, p=0.03). Conclusion native anatomy in Tetralogy of Fallot patients affects surgical strategy and follow-up. It would be therefore advisable to tailor patient’s counseling and follow-up according to native anatomy, rather than following a standardized protocol.
Using a Mixed Method Approach to Tailor the Implementation of a Participatory Total Worker Health® Program in Public Healthcare Facilities
Authors: Nobrega Suzanne M , Morocho Cesar , Robertson Michelle M. , Kurowski Alicia , Rice Serena , Henning Robert , Punnett Laura
Published: December 2020

Background: Total Worker Health® programs represent a holistic approach for advancing worker safety, health, and well-being that combines occupational safety and health practices with other well-being policies and programs that are not traditionally linked. Total Worker Health requires new practices of interdisciplinary collaboration and programmatic coordination, accompanied with employee involvement and shared decision-making in the design and delivery of health-focused interventions. Pre-implementation assessment regarding organizational readiness is important to plan proactively for organizational “fit” when the program is introduced. This study examined potential implementation facilitators and barriers among five public healthcare facilities that had already agreed to participate in a study to implement and evaluate a participatory Total Worker Health program.Methods: A mixed-methods baseline assessment comprised an online organizational readiness survey and follow-up interviews. Key organizational and labor leaders were asked to identify resources and skills available for program implementation, potential barriers inside or outside the organization, and specific performance indicators. Findings at each facility were presented to implementation stakeholders and used to plan how to tailor implementation to the organizational context and provide resources necessary for success. Results: Implementation facilitators included leaders’ willingness and commitment to develop interventions addressing a broad range of occupational safety and well-being health priorities; existing staff expertise in occupational safety and health; favorable attitudes regarding expected program outcomes; and positive alignment between the program and organizational mission and values. Implementation barriers included limited staff time to attend meetings, limited resources to support locally designed interventions, and poor management communication systems. Examples of proactive tailoring strategies included extending the recruitment time and effort to gain the trust of leaders and workers while also allowing more time to secure needed program resources; developing sample program communication templates to strengthen communication on safety and health; and detailed training around health and safety issue identification and prioritization procedures, program communication, intervention planning and development, and change management. Conclusions: Prospective identification of potential program facilitators and barriers represents a useful strategy for tailoring implementation of a participatory Total Worker Health program. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT 04251429. Registered January 31, 2020 – Retrospectively registered. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04251429.
The Potentials of a Maternal Mobile Wallet: a Qualitative Case Study on Opportunities and Challenges From Zimbabwe
Authors: Nyati-Jokomo Zibusiso , Dabengwa Israel Mbekezeli , Chikoko Laurine , Makacha Liberty , Nyapwere Newton , Makanga Prestige Tatenda
Published: December 2020

Background: There are no systems put in place regarding mobile money for maternal savings in Zimbabwe. Therefore, this paper aims to highlight: (a) existing strategies and experiences about maternal savings in Kwekwe District and, (b) examine the implications of household dynamics and current savings behaviour towards the feasibility of implementing the RoadMApp Maternal Healthcare Mobile Wallet (MHMW). Methods: Out of the 49 health facilities in Kwekwe, 2 hospitals (rural and urban), 4 rural health centres, 2 peri-urban, and 2 urban clinics were purposively selected for the study. Participants were recruited from these health facilities. 193 people took part in the study, through 11 Focus Group Discussions, 17 In-Depth Interviews, and 3 Community Meetings. The Socio-ecological Model’s categories are applied to interpret the results taking into consideration the barriers and enablers of maternal savings.Results: There is a paucity of information on strategies for maternal savings in Kwekwe District, Zimbabwe. The critical enabler for the implementation of an MHMW could be the use of existing community structures, like the burial societies and other savings clubs. Some of the essential barriers include low access to mobile phones, inadequate network coverage, power outages, a general lack of saving culture by communities, and the hyperinflationary environment in the country. Conclusion: Although, the socio-economic status of households may be the best predictor of maternal savings, ancillary factors such as financial literacy, educational level, cultural norms, and religion will help to understand the psychosocial reasons why communities engage in maternal savings. When implementing an MHMW, specific attention should be paid to individual and community/institutional level factors such as subsidies/interests on amounts saved, enforcing financial discipline, building local level mobile network infrastructure, and relying on locally available persons/systems.
Plant Exchange Networks and their Importance in Mbyá-Guarani Medicine in Southern Brazil
Authors: Andrade Julian Henrique Carlotto de , Rodrigues José , Benites André , Benites Cornélio , Acosta Arlindo , Benites Marcelina , Benites Cocelina , Gomes Ilda , Silva Jaime Valdir da , Antunes Eunice , Antunes Elisete , Martins José , Timóteo Daniel Martins , Franco Santiago , Morinico José Cirilo Pires , Silva Fernanda Ribeiro da , Hanazaki Natalia
Published: December 2020

Background: Experts in the Atlantic Forest, the Guarani people have the habit of transporting and exchanging plants due to their mobility throughout the territory. Historically, this habit contributed to the species composition and diversification among different phytophysiognomies that comprise the Atlantic Forest. Medicine and spirituality are traits that stand out within the Guarani culture, which is based on a holistic understanding of physical and spiritual well-being for the person’s health. To achieve this balance, they use a range of native and adapted plant species. Our goal is to understand some of the Guarani contributions to the cultural landscape in the Atlantic Forest. We also investigate whether kinship relations can facilite plant exchanges used in medicinal or mystical contexts between Guarani people. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with key persons asking about the importance of forest environments for Guarani health and about visits to other Guarani villages and plants exchanged. Results: We visited seven Guarani Indigenous Territories in south Brazil, and with the participation of 12 respondents, we registered 27 species that were exchanged through different phytophysiognomies in the Atlantic Forest. These results show an intense movement of plants currently occurring between villages and the importance of these movements for both individual health and the integrity of the environments in which the Guarani villages are inserted. Conclusions: We observed a search for the recomposition of traditional species in the Guarani medical system, and we highlight the fundamental role of Guarani management in the conservation of the southern Atlantic Forest in indigenous territories.
Statistical Study of Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances in Low-Latitude Ionosphere Using an Automatic Algorithm
Authors: Cheng PinHsuan , Lin Charles , Otsuka Yuichi , Liu Hanli , Rajesh Panthalingal Krishanunni , Chen Chia-Hung , Lin Jia-Ting
Published: December 2020

This study investigates the medium–scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) statistically at the low–latitude equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) region in the northern hemisphere. We apply the automatic detection algorithm including the three-dimensional fast Fourier transform (3-D FFT) and support vector machine (SVM) on total electron content (TEC) observations, derived from a network of ground-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers in Taiwan (14.5°N geomagnetic latitude; 32.5° inclination), to identify MSTID from other waves or irregularity features. The obtained results are analyzed statistically to examine the behavior of low-latitude MSTIDs. Statistical results indicate the following characteristics. First, the southward (equatorward) MSTIDs are observed almost every day during 0800-2100 LT in Spring and Winter. At midnight, southward MSTIDs are more discernible in Summer and majority of them are propagating from Japan to Taiwan. Second, northward (poleward) MSTIDs are more frequently detected during 1200-2100 LT in Spring and Summer with the secondary peak of occurrence between day of year (DOY) 100-140. The characteristics of the MSTIDs are interpreted with additional observations from radio occultation (RO) soundings of FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC as well as modeled atmospheric waves from the high–resolution Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) suggesting that the nighttime MSTIDs in Summer is likely connected to the atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs).
Down-Regulation of miR-212-5p Facilitates Homocysteine-Induced Hepatocytes Apoptosis Via Targeting PSMD10
Authors: Zhang Huiping , Xiao Kun , Ma Shengchao , Xu Long , Ding Ning , Zhang Hui , Xie Lin , Xu Lingbo , Jiao Yun , Jiang Yideng
Published: December 2020

Background: Increasing evidences supported that elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels contribute to cell apoptosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of liver injury, it correlates with liver disease severity. However, the underlying mechanism of apoptosis in Hcy-mediated liver injury remains obscure. Results: In this study, we found that homocysteine increases ER stress-mediated apoptosis and aggravates liver injury through up-regulation of PSMD10 expression in cbs+/- mice mice fed with high methionine diet and hepatocytes treated with homocysteine in vitro. Knockdown of PSMD10 expression remarkably reduced ER stress or apoptosis-associated protein in hepatocytes exposed to homocysteine. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis revealed that PSMD10 is a potential target gene of miR-212-5p, and luciferase reporter assay also confirmed that miR-212-5p negatively regulated PSMD10 expression by direct binding to its 3’-UTR regions. Subsequently, over-expression of miR-212-5p inhibited ER stress-mediated hepatocytes apoptosis though targeting PSMD10, all of which were abrogated by knockdown of miR-212-5p expression. Further study showed that the interaction between PSMD10 and GRP78 accelerated ER stress-mediated hepatic apoptosis induced by homocysteine. Conclusion: Taken together, these results demonstrated that down-regulation of miR-212-5p facilitates homocysteine-induced hepatocytes apoptosis via targeting PSMD10, which provides novel insight into the mechanism of homocysteine induced apoptosis in liver injury.
Clinico-Demographic Profile and Management Outcomes of Patients With Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia in a Tertiary Eye Care Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Nisha , Sthapit Purnima Rajkarnikar , Saiju Rohit
Published: December 2020

Background: To evaluate the Clinico-demographic profile and management outcomes of patients with Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN) in a tertiary eye care hospital in NepalMethods: All the patients with biopsy proven OSSN presenting to Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology department of Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, Nepal over 1 year were retrospectively studied for clinical and demographic profiles, medical and surgical management and the outcomes of the management. Results: A total of 39 eyes of 37 patients were included in this study. The average age of patients was 44.56 years (range- 15 years to 84 years) consisting of 21(56.8%) male and 16 (43.2%) female. The ration of participating male and female patients (M:F) was 1.31:1. 35 cases (94.6%) were unilateral whereas 2 cases with Xeroderma pigmentosa had bilateral involvement. Nasal bulbar conjunctiva in (43.58%) was the most common. 6 (16.2%), 19 (51.4%) and 12 (32.4%) patients received primary medical management alone, surgical management alone and both surgical and adjuvant medical managements respectively.Histologically, the most common finding was CIN I with 10 (31.25%) patients. Surgical margins were free in 15 eyes (46.87%), whereas 17 eyes (53.12%) had one or more margins involved and hence, they received adjuvant topical chemotherapy. Moreover, 5 (15.38%) out of 39 eyes had recurrence.Conclusion: OSSN is usually present in middle age group though it may occur early and become rapidly progressive as in the cases of Xeroderma pigmentosa. Recurrence after surgery can occur despite optimal management.
The Application of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery and Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy in The Perioperative Period of Elderly Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Liu Hanrong , Yang Ping , Han Song , Zhang Yu , Zhu Hui-ying
Published: December 2020

Objective: To Explore the perioperative application of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) and negative-pressure wound therapy in the elderly patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: A retrospective clinical data were studied in the patients with colorectal cancer in Department of General Surgery in Shanghai Forth People,s Hospital (from March, 2017 to March, 2019), One hundred and fifty patients with undergoing radical surgery for colorectal cancer were divided into two groups: ERAS group(n=76 cases, accepting ERAS management) and Conventional treatment(CT) group(n=74 cases, accepting traditional treatment),Bleeding in operation, the time of postoperative anal flatus ,number of wound dressing changing, time of wound healing, the length of postoperative hospital stay, readmission rate, postoperative complication, were compared between the two groups. Results: ERAS was associated with less bleeding in operation, less Wound fat liquefaction, less wound dressing changing, less time of wound healing，less time of postoperative anal flatus compare to CT group（P<0.05）; anastomotic fistula、readmission rate is similar in two groups（P>0.05）. Conclusion: The modified ERAS can be safely applied to the perioperative period of elderly colorectal cancer patients and promote recovery; negative-pressure wound therapy is helpful for wound healing and promoting rehabilitation.
The Effect of Benson's Relaxation Technique on Occupational Stress Among Nurses Caring for Covid-19 Patients in Sabzevar, Iran
Authors: Borzoee Fateme , Quchan Arezoo Davarinia Motlagh , Tabrizi Zohre Mohammadzade , Rastaghi Sedighe , Hesari Mohammad Hosseinzade , Heshmatifar Narjes
Published: December 2020

Background: Today, nurses face with caring for Covid-19 patients, consider as a new occupational stressor in the nursing profession.Primary Study Objective: To investigate the effect of Benson's relaxation technique (BRT) on occupational stress of nurses exposed to Covid-19 patients.Methods/Design: The present study is a two-group clinical trial with parallel design.Setting: The samples were and randomly allocated into BRT and control groups based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Participants: 70 nurses working in the intensive care unit (ICU) in the Covid-19 treatment center in Sabzevar, IranIntervention: Intervention group were performed the BRT exercises twice a day for 1 month during 20 minutes each time. The data was collection through Osipow Occupational Stress Questionnaire. Primary Outcome Measures: Occupational stressResults: The mean occupational stress score in the BRT group immediately and after 1 week of intervention, was significantly lower than the control group (P = 0.001). The repeated measure analysis of variances test showed a significant difference in the mean occupational stress score in the 6 subscales after the intervention between the two groups (P < 0.05).Conclusion: This study showed BRT reduces occupational stress among nurses working in the ICU, caring for Covid-19 patients.Trial registration: IRCT, IRCT20131113015393N6. Registered 30 March 2020, https://en.irct.ir/trial/46609