bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Speaking Disfluencies in the University Students’ Classroom Conversation
Authors: Siahaan Sanggam , Situmeang Siska , Siahaan Fine Eirene
Published: February 2023

The main topic as the research focus in this study deals with the investigation of the category of the speaking disfluencies of the students of the English Study Program. To explore the types of the speaking disfluency produced by the students of the English Study Program of FKIP Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar in their classroom conversationThe design of this research is categorized to a qualitative design. The technique of the data collection is by participant observation. By this technique the researcher functions as the key instrument in the data collection. In collecting the data the researcher is acting as a substitute lecturer giving a subject in Interpersonal Speaking The results of the study present an analysis of data on the types of speech impediments produced by students of the English Study Program at the University of HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar FKIP in their speeches in speaking class. And find analysis data on how each type of speech disfluency is used by students of the English Language Study Program at the HKBP Nommensen University FKIPThe students of English program FKIP Nommensen University use all of the type’s disfluency such as Filler or Repairs, Repetition, Hesitation and False Starts. They use Fillers or Repair while they are having a speech in front of their classroom and occurs every five to eight words.
Challenges and Opportunities Encountered by the Master of Arts in Educa-tion (MAED) Students in Cotabato City
Authors: Dangalao Tong Kabenbelan
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to determine the needs and problems in conducting research among the MAED students of Higher Education Institutions in Cotabato City Graduate Schools. It utilized the descriptive–quantitative type of research, and it was conducted in the selected college and universities-graduate schools in Cotabato City. The study's respondents were the forty-four (44) Master of Arts in Education graduating students for 2015-2016. The study employed total enumeration as a sampling technique. A survey questionnaire was generated upon reviewing the related literature and other secondary sources such as research articles and journals. The study's statistical tools used frequency and percentage counts, mean, and the grand mean.

The needs of the MAED students in conducting research were perceived as "needed," while the level of difficulties encountered by the MAED students was perceived as "difficult."

Financial aspects were seen as a hindrance to their research work. Likewise, a school offering graduate college in the city has equipped a library to give students access to the research materials they need. Similarly, there is still a need to develop the student's skills in conducting research. Students conducting research were it hard to manage their time while most of them were married and at the same time working.

It is recommended that research subjects be emphasized to students taking research courses. There should be an organized schedule for students to consult closely with their adviser. The graduate studies program in the city should strengthen its research program.
The Dynamic Role of Higher Education in The Twenty-First Century: A Critical Approach Towards the Pressing Issues and Possible Solutions
Authors: Hong Chengwen , Fawad Ullah  , Luqman Hakeem  , Wen Sanmei
Published: February 2023

Higher education institutes create cohesive and fair societies and thus expect different outcomes in diverse geographical areas. However, in the twenty-first Century, they face issues which need solutions. This critical perspective paper traces the motifs and expected outcomes of higher education in ancient civilizations and analyses the changing roles of teachers and students in the contemporary era. This paper is qualitative and adopts the critical approach methodology to investigate, highlight and propose solutions to several unique issues faced by the higher education system in the contemporary era. This paper brings significant horizons and reveals critical insights about quality higher education.
The Effect of Cultiving Media and N Fertilizer Application on the Growth and Results of Flowering Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.)
Authors: Tarigan Sumatera
Published: February 2023

Research to study the effect of a good combination of growing media and application of N fertilizer on the growth and yield of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea, L.). The research time was carried out from June 2022 to October 2022 at Raya Village garden, Berastagi District, Karo Regency, North Sumatra Province, with an altitude of 1,300 above sea level with latosol soil type and soil pH 6.8. This research was conducted from June 2022 to October 2022. This research was conducted with a factorial experiment of 3x2 = 6 + 1 controls arranged in a factorial randomized block design (RAK). The first factor was the composition of the planting medium (M), which consisted of 3 treatment levels, namely: Mo: Control (without mixture), M1: Soil + husk charcoal with a volume ratio (1:1), M2: Sand + charcoal husk with a volume ratio (1:1) , M3: Soil + sand + husk charcoal by volume ratio (1:1:1) . The second factor was the dose of ZA (N) fertilizer which consisted of 3 treatment levels, namely: N1 : 50 kg/ha, N2 : 100 kg/ha, N3 : 150 kg/ha . The observed variables were plant height, number of leaves, number of roots, fresh weight of plants, fresh weight of flowers/plant, dry weight of plants, initiation of flowering, flower diameter. Mixing plant media and N fertilizer can increase the growth and yield of cauliflower plants. M3N3 treatment ( Soil + sand + husk charcoal with volume ratio (1:1:1) + Nitrogen fertilizer 150 kg/ha, is the best treatment that can increase growth and yield of cauliflower on the number of roots (7.27 fruit), fresh weight of plants (7.95 g), dry weight of plants (2.69 g), initiation of flowering (6.00 hst), fresh weight of flowers/plant (6.98 g), flower diameter (3.09 mm).
Varietal trials and yield components determining variation among okra varieties (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)
Authors: Yadav Shubh Pravat Singh , Bhandari Sujan , Ghimire Netra , Nepal Sudikshya , Paudel Prava , Bhandari Tika , Paudel Pragya , Shrestha Samaz , Yadav Bishnu
Published: February 2023

Yield analysis is necessary to test the overall performance of different okra varieties. For this, field experiments were performed during the summer season to assess the yield or production of different okra varieties under open field conditions. The experiment comprised four treatments with seven replicas in an RCBD. The treatments included four different varieties of okra: Arka Anamika, Chiranjeevi F1, Gunjan, and JK 1666. The experimental results showed that the average mean yield of four okra varieties was 98.30 gm per plant. Overall, it was further revealed that Arka Anamika gave the highest yield (101.01gm), followed by Gunjan (98.89gm), Chiranjeevi F1 (96.95gm), and JK1666 (96.37gm). Similarly, other parameters were also analyzed simultaneously to check yield attributing factors which unveiled that plant height was maximum (162.55 cm) in Chiranjeevi F1, followed by Gunjan, JK 1666, and Arka Anamika. Moreover, the number of primary branches was highest for Chiranjeevi F1 (4.47). Contrary to this, the number of pods per plant was also the most significant (3.80) in Arka Anamika. Further, Gunjan topped all the other three varieties in terms of pod diameter (5.53 cm) and weight of pod (25.12 gm). The pod length was highest in JK 1666 (14.83 cm). The data from the experiment also demonstrated that Arka Anamika matured faster (50 DAS) than the other three varieties, which showed Arka Anamika to be more economical for farmers; hence, from our field research, it can be inferred that Arka Anamika is a good variety for farmers growing okra in the Morang area.
Efficacy of commercially available insecticides against yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Walker.)
Authors: Katel Shambhu , Timsina Sandipa , Adhikari Nirmal
Published: February 2023

Field research was conducted in PMAMP, (PIU) Jhapa, Nepal, Rice Zone against Yellow Stem Borer by using different chemical insecticides commercially available in Nepal to test their efficacy. The research was done in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replication, and seven treatment i.e., 6 chemical treatment namely Cartap hydrochloride 75SC, Thiamethoxan 25WB, Acetamiprid 20 SP, Chlorpyriphos 20 EC, Quinalphas 25 EC and Lambda Cyhalothrin 5 EC and one control for five months. It is concluded that Chlorpyriphos 20 EC is most effective in reducing the infestation rate of dead heart and white head. Similarly, the highest yield was observed in Chlorpyriphos 20 EC with 5.563 ton ha-1.
A tutela jurídica dos refugiados do clima: uma análise dos aspectos normativos para a construção conceitual da categoria
Authors: Silva Bárbara Thaís Pinheiro , Soares Mário Lúcio Quintão
Published: February 2023

O presente artigo visa analisar os aspectos normativos do refúgio climático na perspectiva dos preceitos jurídicos internacionais e sua inserção nos labirintos do Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos e do Direito Internacional dos Refugiados. Será realizada breve contextualização do instituto do refúgio, bem como dos principais escopos normativos pertinentes, para construção conceitual da nova categoria de refugiados climáticos e da devida tutela jurídica a ser concedida. Para isso, utilizar-se-á do método dedutivo-hipotético, com revisão de bibliografias, para a concretização da pesquisa. Concluir-se-á que nada obsta a garantia da devida tutela aos refugiados do clima, a fim de resguardá-los no cenário internacional em face das ameaças ambientais que assolam o planeta.
Studies on migration in Europe: paths to think about languages, media, and journalism
Authors: Bäckert Liliana Tinoco , Moraes Júnior Enio
Published: February 2023

From the point of view of researcher and journalist Tom Moring, Emeritus Professor at the Swedish School of Social Sciences at the University of Helsinki, this interview addresses how language and the social sharing of information impact in the integration process of refugees and migrants. Considering the researcher’s experience and his studies, the interview problematizes the media coverage and the work of journalists around these themes, highlights the connectivity of the variables migration, integration and information, and discusses how the results of European research in the area can be applied in diverse contexts, such as Latin America.
Uma Dádiva do Nilo? Mudanças climáticas, as origens da civilização egípcia e suas interações no Nordeste Africano
Authors: Smith Stuart Tyson
Published: February 2023

Os pesquisadores de hoje se deparam, basicamente, com a mesma paisagem que Heródoto testemunhou no Egito e no norte do Sudão, uma estreita faixa verde alimentada pelo Nilo e rodeada pelo absoluto deserto. Essa ecologia peculiar continua desempenhando um papel central em modelos interpretativos acerca das origens do Estado egípcio antigo que diminuem as conexões africanas daquela sociedade. Da década de 1930 até os dias de hoje, porém, um grupo de exploradores do deserto e arqueólogos vêm documentando que, desde o período neolítico, grande parte do Saara tratava-se vasta campina com lagos sazonais e, possivelmente, permanentes. Este artigo discute dados produzidos por pesquisas recentes, incluindo a UCSB Dongola Reach Expedition e o UCSB-ASU Fourth Cataract Project. Essas pesquisas apontam para a existência de relações entre as culturas nilóticas do Alto Egito, o Saara e a Núbia sudanesa, demonstrando como essas interações, em combinação com mudanças climáticas resultando na dessecação do Saara, contribuíram para o rápido aparecimento do Estado egípcio, que continuaria mantendo fortes conexões em todo o nordeste africano.
Wasp-mimicking soldier flies of the Australian Region: revision of Ampsalis Walker, Elissoma White and Lagenosoma Brauer (Stratiomyidae: Clitellariinae)
Authors: SHAUN L. WINTERTON
Published: February 2023

The genera Lagenosoma Brauer, 1882 (= Peratomastix Enderlein, 1914 syn. n.), Elissoma White, 1916 (= Pycnothorax Kertész, 1923 syn. n.) and Ampsalis Walker, 1859 (Stratiomyidae: Clitellariinae) are revised. Three species of Elissoma are redescribed (i.e., E. australis (Kertész, 1923) comb. n., E. brunnea, Hardy, 1933, and E. lauta White, 1916) and seven species are described as new. Similarly, three species of Lagenosoma are redescribed (i.e., L. dispar Brauer, 1882 (= Peratomastix australis Enderlein, 1914 syn. n.), L. pictum Brauer, 1882 and L. propinquum Brauer, 1882) and seven species are described as new. Ampsalis sensu lato is represented by two species in Indonesia and two species in Madagascar; here the Indonesian species are circumscribed as Ampsalis sensu stricto (i.e., A. geniata Walker, 1859 and A. iterabilis (Walker, 1859)) with two additional species described from northern Australia. Eudmeta Wiedemann, 1830 is diagnosed and a new synonymy identified (i.e., E. marginata (Fabricius, 1805) (= E. coerulemaculata Yang, Wei et Yang, 2010 syn. n.)). A revised key to Clitellariinae genera of the Oriental and Australian regions is presented, as well as keys to species of Ampsalis, Elissoma, Eudmeta and Lagenosoma.
Mean State AMOC Affects AMOC Weakening through Subsurface Warming in the Labrador Sea
Authors: Lin Yuan-Jen , Rose Brian E. J. , Hwang Yen-Ting
Published: February 2023

While most models agree that the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) becomes weaker under greenhouse gas emission and is likely to weaken over the twenty-first century, they disagree on the projected magnitudes of AMOC weakening. In this work, CMIP6 models with stronger climatological AMOC are shown to project stronger AMOC weakening in both 1% ramping CO2 and abrupt CO2 quadrupling simulations. A physical interpretation of this result is developed. For models with stronger mean state AMOC, stratification in the upper Labrador Sea is weaker, allowing for stronger mixing of the surface buoyancy flux. In response to CO2 increase, surface warming is mixed to the deeper Labrador Sea in models with stronger upper-ocean mixing. This subsurface warming and corresponding density decrease drives AMOC weakening through advection from the Labrador Sea to the subtropics via the deep western boundary current. Time series analysis shows that most CMIP6 models agree that the decrease in subsurface Labrador Sea density leads AMOC weakening in the subtropics by several years. Also, idealized experiments conducted in an ocean-only model show that the subsurface warming over 500–1500 m in the Labrador Sea leads to stronger AMOC weakening several years later, while the warming that is too shallow (<500 m) or too deep (>1500 m) in the Labrador Sea causes little AMOC weakening. These results suggest that a better representation of mean state AMOC is necessary for narrowing the intermodel uncertainty of AMOC weakening to greenhouse gas emission and its corresponding impacts on future warming projections.
How Little Does It Take to Trigger a Peer Effect? An Experiment on Crime as Conditional Rule Violation
Authors: Engel Christoph
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Peer effects on the decision to commit a crime have often been documented. But how little does it take to trigger the effect?

Method

A fully incentivized, anonymous experiment in the tradition of experimental law and economics provides fully internally valid causal evidence. A companion vignette study with members of the general public extends external validity.

Results

(a) the more of their peers violate an arbitrary rule, the more participants do; (b) a minority has a threshold and switches from rule-abiding to violation once a sufficient number of their peers violate the rule; (c) the more the rule is constraining, the more participants are sensitive to the number of others who violate the rule; (d) if participants do not have explicit information about the incidence of rule violations in their community, they rely on their beliefs.

Conclusion

In terms of substance, the paper shows that mere social information is the core of peer effects. In terms of methodology, the paper demonstrates the power of incentivized, decontextualized lab experiments for isolating mental building blocks of the decision to commit a crime.
Transcendental and Material Silence: A Multimodal Study on Silence in Team Meetings
Authors: Saintot Valérie M. , Lehtonen Miikka J.
Published: February 2023

Silence in management and organization studies has been predominantly understood as something negative. However, recent examples have highlighted silence as a positive element in learning and organizing. We contribute to prior literature on positive silence and multimodality by arguing silence can operate as a semiotic mode that mobilizes resources for meaning-making. Ten team meetings in a financial organization in Europe were investigated. Visual ethnography was mobilized to gather data through interviews, observations, and photographs. Our analysis identified two types of silence—transcendental and material—that both function through three mechanisms to resemiotize meaning. A framework is presented to situate silence in relation to verbal and visual modes. Three contributions are made to studies on silence and multimodality: extended conceptualizations of silence, silence as a semiotic mode in itself, and methodological pathways for studying silence. In addition, practical implications for team meetings and silence in the workplace are discussed.
Early career demanding psychosocial work environment and severe back pain and neck/shoulder pain in experienced nurses: A cohort study
Authors: Sundberg Tobias , Skillgate Eva , Gustavsson Petter , Rudman Ann
Published: February 2023

Aims:

Back pain and neck/shoulder pain are common among nurses. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between nurses’ exposure to a demanding psychosocial work environment during the first three years after graduation and the occurrence of severe back pain and neck/shoulder pain in the longer term, 11–15 years later.

Methods:

The Longitudinal Analysis of Nursing Education (LANE) study (nursing graduates from 26 Swedish universities in the years 2002, 2004 and 2006) was used to create two risk cohorts of nurses not reporting severe back pain ( n=1764) or neck/shoulder pain ( n=1707). Nurses exposed to a demanding psychosocial work environment for one, two or three of the first three years in their career were compared to nurses not having a demanding psychosocial work environment for any of these three years regarding the incidence of severe back pain or neck/shoulder pain at follow-up, 11–15 years later. Relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using binomial regression.

Results:

The RR (95% CI) of having severe back pain for nurses who had a demanding psychosocial work environment for one of the three years was 1.36 (0.82–2.28) and 2.08 (1.21–3.57) for two of the three years and 2.82 (1.43–5.55) for all three years. Corresponding RRs (95% CIs) for severe neck/shoulder pain were 1.35 (0.87–2.10), 1.49 (0.88–2.51) and 1.41 (0.62–3.20), respectively.

Conclusions:

Nurses who were repeatedly exposed to a demanding psychosocial work environment early in their career reported severe back pain to a higher extent in the longer term.
How Good Are Surgeons at Achieving Their Preoperative Goal Sagittal Alignment Following Adult Deformity Surgery?
Authors: Smith Justin S. , Elias Elias , Sursal Tolga , Line Breton , Lafage Virginie , Lafage Renaud , Klineberg Eric , Kim Han Jo , Passias Peter , Nasser Zeina , Gum Jeffrey L. , Eastlack Robert , Daniels Alan , Mundis Gregory , Hostin Richard , Protopsaltis Themistocles S. , Soroceanu Alex , Hamilton David Kojo , Kelly Michael P. , Lewis Stephen J. , Gupta Munish , Schwab Frank J , Burton Douglas , Ames Christopher P. , Lenke Lawrence G. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Bess Shay ,   on behalf of International Spine Study Group
Published: February 2023

Study Design

Multicenter, prospective cohort

Objectives

Malalignment following adult spine deformity (ASD) surgery can impact outcomes and increase mechanical complications. We assess whether preoperative goals for sagittal alignment following ASD surgery are achieved.

Methods

ASD patients were prospectively enrolled based on 3 criteria: deformity severity (PI-LL ≥25°, TPA ≥30°, SVA ≥15 cm, TCobb≥70° or TLCobb≥50°), procedure complexity (≥12 levels fused, 3-CO or ACR) and/or age (>65 and ≥7 levels fused). The surgeon documented sagittal alignment goals prior to surgery. Goals were compared with achieved alignment on first follow-up standing radiographs.

Results

The 266 enrolled patients had a mean age of 61.0 years (SD = 14.6) and 68% were women. Mean instrumented levels was 13.6 (SD = 3.8), and 23.2% had a 3-CO. Mean (SD) offsets (achieved-goal) were: SVA = −8.5 mm (45.6 mm), PI-LL = −4.6° (14.6°), TK = 7.2° (14.7°), reflecting tendencies to undercorrect SVA and PI-LL and increase TK. Goals were achieved for SVA, PI-LL, and TK in 74.4%, 71.4%, and 68.8% of patients, respectively, and was achieved for all 3 parameters in 37.2% of patients. Three factors were independently associated with achievement of all 3 alignment goals: use of PACs/equivalent for surgical planning ( P < .001), lower baseline GCA ( P = .009), and surgery not including a 3-CO ( P = .037).

Conclusions

Surgeons failed to achieve goal alignment of each sagittal parameter in ∼25-30% of ASD patients. Goal alignment for all 3 parameters was only achieved in 37.2% of patients. Those at greatest risk were patients with more severe deformity. Advancements are needed to enable more consistent translation of preoperative alignment goals to the operating room.
Acceptability of Australian prehospital care quality indicators: An explanatory sequential mixed methods study
Authors: Pap Robin , Stephenson Matthew , Simpson Paul , Lockwood Craig
Published: February 2023

Background

Systematically developed quality indicators (QIs) facilitate the measurement and monitoring of quality of care and ultimately meaningful quality improvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptability of a predetermined suite of 84 scientifically valid prehospital care QIs from the provider perspective.

Methods

An explanatory sequential mixed methods study design was used. Quantitative data were obtained from 36 participants of an online survey in which they rated the acceptability of the QIs using a five-point numerical rating scale. Qualitative data were gathered by conducting semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of nine survey participants. The successional collection of quantitative and qualitative data facilitated integrated interpretations and conclusions about the acceptability of the QIs.

Results

Generally, the acceptability of all QIs in the suite was rated highly. Data suggested a positive association between acceptability and other key characteristics of QIs. QIs that were seen as clear, supported by scientific evidence, practical and meaningful tended to be more acceptable than those which were not. The benefits of outcome type QIs were recognised, but participants raised concerns about their sensitivity in the measurement of prehospital quality of care. To be acceptable, QIs which included time intervals needed to be specific about time-critical interventions. Further, the high acceptability of the QIs was explained by a connection to participants’ professional values and qualities. Assessing the QIs’ acceptability from a healthcare provider perspective meant that QIs on patient satisfaction frequently received lower ratings.

Conclusion

The findings of this study provide evidence of the acceptability of prehospital care providers of a proposed suite of QIs. Future research should evaluate the feasibility and reliability of the QIs. There is also a need to investigate how acceptable the proposed QIs are to patients and communities.
Risk factors for forced expiratory volume in 1 s decline in European patients with cystic fibrosis: data from the European Cystic Fibrosis Society Patient Registry
Authors: Hatziagorou Elpis , Fieuws Steffen , Orenti Annalisa , Naehrlich Lutz , Krivec Uros , Mei-Zahav Meir , Jung Andreas , De Boeck Kris ,   on behalf of the ECFSPR Collaborative Group,   ECFSPR Collaborative Group, Andreas Pfleger , Daneau Géraldine , Elise Lammertijn , Guergana Petrova , Drevinek Pavel , Macek Milan , Vebert Olesen Hanne , Burgel Pierre-Régis , Lemonnier-Videau Lydie , Párniczky Andrea , Fletcher Godfrey , Padoan Rita , Zolin Anna , Aleksejeva Elina , Malakauskas Kestutis , Gulmans Vincent , Fustik Stojka , Danevskai Ivana Arnaudova , Turcu Oxana , Pereira Luísa , Pop Liviu , Kondratyeva Elena , Rodić Milan , Kayserová Hana , Pastor-Vivero M. Dolores , de Monestrol Isabelle , Lindblad Anders , Dogru Deniz , Makukh Halyna , Carr SiobhÃ¡n B. , Cosgriff Rebecca
Published: February 2023

Aim

To examine the trajectory of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) using data from the European Cystic Fibrosis Society patient registry (ECFPR) collected from 2008 to 2016,i.e.the era before highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT). We evaluated risk factors for FEV1decline.

Methods

The study population included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of cystic fibrosis recorded in the ECFPR (2008–2016). The evolution of FEV1% predicted (%FEV1) with age, and the yearly change in %FEV1were evaluated. Risk factors considered were cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (­CFTR) mutation class, gender, age at diagnosis, neonatal screening, meconium ileus, sweat chloride concentration at diagnosis and country's income level.

Results

We used 199 604 FEV1recordings from 38 734 patients. The fastest decline was seen during puberty and in patients diagnosed before the age of 10 years. Males had a higher %FEV1, but a higher yearly %FEV1loss between the ages of 15 and 25 years. We showed stabilisation and even improvement in %FEV1over age in adults with a class IIICFTRmutation, but a steady decline in patients homozygous for F508del or with both mutations of classes I/II. A faster decline in %FEV1was found in patients from low-income countries compared to a similar %FEV1evolution in patients from middle- and high-income countries.

Conclusions

These longitudinal FEV1data reflect the reality of cystic fibrosis across Europe in the era pre-HEMT, and can serve as baseline for comparison with the post-HEMT era. The similar evolution in middle- and high-income countries underlines opportunities for low-income countries.
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome following a dog bite in an asplenic patient: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Berlot Giorgio , Tomasini Ariella , Zanchi Silvia , Moro Edoardo , Pinamonti Maurizio , Mohamed Sara , de Bellis Eleonora
Published: February 2023

The Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome represents a critical condition characterized by a septic shock associated with a disseminated intravascular coagulation causing the plugging of the microvascular network virtually all organs and systems, including the skin, the kidneys, the liver, and adrenal glands; the mortality rate is elevated, and survivors often must undergo multiple limb amputations. Here, we describe the uncommon case of an asplenic patient who developed this syndrome after a superficial wound caused by a dog bite causing an initial infection due to Capnocytophaga canimorsus that is part of the normal oral microbiome of pets. The clinical and pathological findings and the current and future therapeutic options are reviewed and discussed.
Epigenetic markers in the embryonal germ cell development and spermatogenesis
Authors: Odroniec Amadeusz , Olszewska Marta , Kurpisz Maciej
Published: February 2023

Spermatogenesis is the process of generation of male reproductive cells from spermatogonial stem cells in the seminiferous epithelium of the testis. During spermatogenesis, key spermatogenic events such as stem cell self-renewal and commitment to meiosis, meiotic recombination, meiotic sex chromosome inactivation, followed by cellular and chromatin remodeling of elongating spermatids occur, leading to sperm cell production. All the mentioned events are at least partially controlled by the epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones. Additionally, during embryonal development in primordial germ cells, global epigenetic reprogramming of DNA occurs. In this review, we summarized the most important epigenetic modifications in the particular stages of germ cell development, in DNA and histone proteins, starting from primordial germ cells, during embryonal development, and ending with histone-to-protamine transition during spermiogenesis.
Patient characteristics and testing over COVID-19 waves 1 and 2 from the first German COVID-19 testing unit in Munich, Germany
Authors: Srinivasan Harinee , Hohl Hannah Tuulikki , Heumann Christian , Froeschl Guenter
Published: February 2023

Background

In Munich, the first German case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was detected on 27 January 2020 at the Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine of the University Hospital LMU Munich (DIDTM), and consecutively the Covid Testing Unit was established. Germany advocated several public health measures to control the outbreak. This study investigates the effects of measures on health service utilization in the public, which in turn can alter case numbers and test positivity rates.

Method

Our retrospective observational study was conducted to determine the effects of public health measures on the utilization of a testing facility and positivity rates from the first operational COVID-19 testing facility in Munich for waves 1 and 2 over a period of 14 months. This was accomplished by comparing trends in client characteristics including age, gender, symptoms, and socio-demographic aspects over time to non-pharmaceutical measures in Germany. To depict trend changes in testing numbers over time, we developed a negative binomial model with multiple breakpoints.

Results

In total 9861 tests were conducted on 6989 clients. The clients were mostly young (median age: 34), female (60.58%), and asymptomatic (67.89%). Among those who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 67.72% were symptomatic while the percentage was 29.06% among those who tested negative. There are other risk factors, but a SARS-CoV-2-positive colleague at work is the most prominent factor. Trend changes in the clients’ testing numbers could be attributed to the implementation of various public health measures, testing strategies, and attitudes of individuals toward the pandemic. However, test positivity rates did not change substantially during the second wave of the pandemic.

Conclusion

We could show that implementation or changes in public health measures have a strong effect on the utilization of testing facilities by the general public, which independently of the true epidemiological background situation can result in changing test numbers.
Individualized estimates of intensity-modulated radiotherapy plans after breast conservation surgery for left-sided breast cancer
Authors: Wang Yong , Ni Lingqin , Ying Shenpeng , Xu Yuanyuan , Chen Weijun , Liu Yanmei
Published: February 2023

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of individual patient factors, such as volume of the planning target volume (PTV) (VPTV), cardiothoracic ratio (CTR), central lung distance (CLD), and maximal heart distance (MHD), on the design of treatment plans in terms of target dose coverage, integral dose, and dose to organs at risk (OAR) in early breast cancer.

Methods

Ninety-six patients were selected for this study. Radiation doses of 50 Gy and a simultaneous dose of 60 Gy in 25 fractions were administered to the whole breast and tumor bed, respectively. The intensity modulation plan (IMRT) of each patient uses both physical parameters and an equivalent uniform dose (EUD) to optimize the target function. Univariate and multivariate linear regression were used to analyze the relationship between predictive impact factors and OAR percent dose volume, conformity index (CI), and homogeneity index (HI).

Results

The average CI and HI values of the left breast cancer plan were 0.595 ± 0.071 (0.3–0.72) and 1.095 ± 0.023 (1.06–1.18), respectively. The CTR (B = 0.21, P = 0.045), VPTV (B = 0.63, P = 0.000), volume of the lung (Vlung) (B =  − 0.29, P = 0.005), and MHD (B = 0.22, P = 0.041) were identified as factors influencing the CI index of the left breast cancer intensity modulation plan. VPTV (B = 1.087, P = 0.022) was identified as the influencing factor of the HI index of the left breast cancer intensity modulation plan. volume of the heart (Vheart) (B =  − 0.43, P = 0.001) and CLD (B = 0.28, P = 0.008) were influencing factors of the volume of lung (Vlung20) of the lung. The prediction formulas for left-sided breast cancer are noted as follows: CI = 0.459 + 0.19CTR-0.16CLD, Vlung10 = 35.5–0.02Vheart; and Vlung20 = 21.48 + 2.8CLD-0.018Vheart.

Conclusions

CTR, CLD, and MHD can predict the rationality of the parameters of the left breast cancer IMRT. The calculation formula generated based on this information can help the physicist choose the optimal radiation field setting method and improve the quality of the treatment plan.
A rare lumpy inflammatory lesion of the orbit: a unique case report
Authors: Liu Rui , Li Jing , Ren Tingting , Zhang Hong , Ma Jianmin
Published: February 2023

Background

Eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis (EAF) is a rare inflammatory lesion, especially in orbit. EAF is believed to be related to IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), but the clinical manifestations of systemic involvement are relatively rare and easy to be confused with tumors or other inflammatory diseases. Histopathological examination is the most important way of its diagnosis and differentiation.

Case presentation

We presented a 55-year-old female patient presented with recurrent swelling of the right lower eyelid for more than 2 months. The pathological diagnosis was EAF. Positive immunostaining for IgG, CD34, κ, and λ, while negative immunostaining for IgG4.

Conclusions

Complete surgical resection is the preferred treatment, histopathological examination is the main diagnostic standard.
Can preoperative magnetic resonance imaging be used for sagittal kyphotic flexibility assessment in patients with kyphosis secondary to symptomatic old osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture?
Authors: Wang Kangkang , Zhang Feng , Zhai Yunlei , Zhang Wei , Yin Wen , Sun Lele , Cui Xilong , Yu Haiyang
Published: February 2023

Objective

This study aimed to investigate whether preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used for sagittal kyphotic (SK) flexibility assessment in patients with kyphosis secondary to symptomatic old osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture (so-OTLF).

Methods

The authors evaluated the radiographic data of patients with kyphosis secondary to so-OTLF. All patients underwent posterior corrective fusion surgery in the hospital. Spinal sagittal parameters were measured on standing radiographs preoperatively. The regional kyphosis angle (RKA) was also measured on preoperative supine MRI and intraoperative prone radiographs on the surgical frame. The SK flexibility in patients with kyphosis secondary to so-OTLF was defined as the difference from the RKA measured on the standing radiographs to that measured on the intraoperative prone radiographs or preoperative supine MRI. The difference and the correlation between the SK flexibility measured by these two methods were compared and analyzed.

Results

Thirty-seven patients were included. The RKA measured on standing radiographs, supine MRI, and intraoperative prone radiographs were 48.0°, 34.4°, and 32.0°, respectively. Compared with the RKA measured in standing position, the RKA measured on supine MRI decreased by 13.6° (95% confidence interval 11.4°–15.8°), whereas that measured on intraoperative prone radiographs decreased by 16.1° (95% confidence interval 13.7°–18.5°). A linear correlation existed between the SK flexibility measured on supine MRI and that measured on intraoperative prone radiographs, with a mean difference of 2.4° (R2 = 0.912, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The degree of regional kyphosis deformity was reduced by self-reduction of the intraoperative surgical frame. With a predictive value similar to an intraoperative prone radiograph, preoperative supine MRI can be used for SK flexibility assessment in patients with kyphosis secondary to so-OTLF. The ability to predict the intraoperative degree of regional kyphosis deformity with positioning before an operation may help with surgical planning and patient counseling regarding expectations and risks of surgery.
An unusual association of type II Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome, turner mosaic syndrome and tubo-ovarian inguinal hernia– case report and review of literature
Authors: Mahey Reeta , Rana Anubhuti , Cheluvaraju Rohitha , Vyas Surabhi , Raj Ritu , Bhatla Neerja
Published: February 2023

Background

Herniation of ovaries and Mullerian structures into inguinal canal is usually reported in infants and is rare among adults. We are presenting a rare case of Mullerian agenesis and Turner mosaic syndrome with tubo-ovarian inguinal hernia.

Case presentation

A 17-year-old girl presented with complaints of primary amenorrhea, phenotypical features of Turner syndrome with left inguinal hernia and severe hypertension. Baseline hormonal analysis was normal. Karyotype revealed Turner mosaic with 46XX (85%); 45XO (15%). MRI showed Mullerian agenesis with normally located right ovary in pelvis and left ovary prolapsed through deep inguinal ring into the canal of Nuck. Anti-hypertensives were started and patient optimized for surgery. Laparoscopic hernia repair and repositioning of left ovary into the pelvis was done. Patient had uneventful post-operative course and was discharged in stable condition on anti-hypertensive medication. Future reproductive issues and need of passive vaginal dilatation or vaginoplasty before marriage were explained to the patient and family.

Conclusion

This is the first ever reported case with unusual association of atypical MRKH, Turner mosaic syndrome and tubo-ovarian hernia into the inguinal canal. The case emphasizes the need and importance of complete work up of these atypical cases as patients may have more than one cause of primary amenorrhea and complete evaluation is must before any medical or surgical intervention.
Characterizing modifications to a comparative effectiveness research study: the OPTIMIZE trial—using the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications to Evidence-based Interventions (FRAME)
Authors: Fritz Julie M. , Greene Tom , Brennan Gerard P. , Minick Kate , Lane Elizabeth , Wegener Stephen T. , Skolasky Richard L.
Published: February 2023

Background

The OPTIMIZE trial is a multi-site, comparative effectiveness research (CER) study that uses a Sequential Multiple Assessment Randomized Trial (SMART) designed to examine the effectiveness of complex health interventions (cognitive behavioral therapy, physical therapy, and mindfulness) for adults with chronic low back pain. Modifications are anticipated when implementing complex interventions in CER. Disruptions due to COVID have created unanticipated challenges also requiring modifications. Recent methodologic standards for CER studies emphasize that fully characterizing modifications made is necessary to interpret and implement trial results. The purpose of this paper is to outline the modifications made to the OPTIMIZE trial using the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications to Evidence-Based Interventions (FRAME) to characterize modifications to the OPTIMIZE trial in response to the COVID pandemic and other challenges encountered.

Methods

The FRAME outlines a strategy to identify and report modifications to evidence-based interventions or implementation strategies, whether planned or unplanned. We use the FRAME to characterize the process used to modify the aspects of the OPTIMIZE trial. Modifications were made to improve lower-than-anticipated rates of treatment initiation and COVID-related restrictions. Contextual modifications were made to permit telehealth delivery of treatments originally designed for in-person delivery. Training modifications were made with study personnel to provide more detailed information to potential participants, use motivational interviewing communication techniques to clarify potential participants’ motivation and possible barriers to initiating treatment, and provide greater assistance with scheduling of assigned treatments.

Results

Modifications were developed with input from the trial’s patient and stakeholder advisory panels. The goals of the modifications were to improve trial feasibility without compromising the interventions’ core functions. Modifications were approved by the study funder and the trial steering committee.

Conclusions

Full and transparent reporting of modifications to clinical trials, whether planned or unplanned, is critical for interpreting the trial’s eventual results and considering future implementation efforts.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03859713. Registered on March 1, 2019
TPM2 attenuates progression of prostate cancer by blocking PDLIM7-mediated nuclear translocation of YAP1
Authors: Wu Zonglong , Ge Liyuan , Ma Lulin , Lu Min , Song Yimeng , Deng Shaohui , Duan Peichen , Du Tan , Wu Yaqian , Zhang Zhanyi , Zhang Shudong
Published: February 2023

Background

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignant tumor of the genitourinary system. Clinical intervention in advanced PCa remains challenging. Tropomyosins 2 (TPM2) are actin-binding proteins and have been found as a biomarker candidate for certain cancers. However, no studies have explored the role of TPM2 in PCa and its regulatory mechanism.

Methods

TPM2 expression was assessed in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) PCa patient dataset. The effect of TPM2 on PCa progression was assessed in vitro and in vivo by quantifying proliferation, migration, invasion and tumor growth assays, and the mechanism of TPM2 in PCa progression was gradually revealed by Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence staining arrays.

Results

TPM2 was found to be severely downregulated in tumor tissues of PCa patients compared with tumor-adjacent normal tissues. In vitro experiments revealed that TPM2 overexpression inhibited PCa cell proliferation, invasion and androgen-independent proliferation. Moreover, TPM2 overexpression inhibited the growth of subcutaneous xenograft tumors in vivo. Mechanistically, this effect was noted to be dependent on PDZ-binding motif of TPM2. TPM2 competed with YAP1 for binding to PDLIM7 through the PDZ-binding motif. The binding of TPM2 to PDLIM7 subsequently inhibited the nuclear transport function of PDLIM7 for YAP1. YAP1 sequestered in the cytoplasm phosphorylated at S127, resulting in its inactivation or degradation which in turn inhibited the expression of YAP1 downstream target genes.

Conclusions

This study investigated the role of TPM2, PDLIM7, and YAP1 in PCa progression and castration resistance. TPM2 attenuates progression of PCa by blocking PDLIM7-mediated nuclear translocation of YAP1. Accordingly, targeting the expression or functional modulation of TPM2, PDLIM7, or YAP1 has the potential to be an effective therapeutic approach to reduce PCa proliferation and prevent the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
Characteristics and efficacy of physical activity interventions to improve cardiometabolic and psychosocial outcomes in people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Mabweazara SZ , Manne-Goehler J , Hamer M , Cellini J , Siedner MJ
Published: February 2023

Background

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to an increased lifespan for people living with HIV (PWH). This increased lifespan, coupled with the effects of HIV and adverse effects of ART have resulted in an increasing burden of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) among PWH. Physical activity (PA) has been proposed as an effective strategy to reduce the risk of developing cardiometabolic disease and other health complications in PWH. The aim of this paper is to review the characteristics and efficacy of PA interventions to improve cardiometabolic and psychosocial outcomes among PWH in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods

The review will follow the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P). Literature searches will be conducted in PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), African Index Medicus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Embase. Peer-reviewed publications will be included if they include adults (age 18 or older), PWH in sub-Saharan Africa, and a PA intervention to improve cardiometabolic outcomes and/or psychosocial outcomes. We will include randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental study designs. Two independent reviewers will screen all abstracts and full-text articles. The study methodological quality (or bias) will be appraised using the Revised tool to assess risk of bias in randomized trials and the Downs and Black checklist. Certainty of evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation guidelines. Meta-analyses will be conducted if our results are adequate for meta-analysis. Outcomes will be analyzed as continuous or dichotomous and meta-analyses will be conducted using random effects models with Stata computer software.

Discussion

This review will identify and synthesize the current evidence regarding the characteristics and efficacy of PA interventions to improve cardiometabolic and psychosocial outcomes among PWH in sub-Saharan Africa. We also plan to identify the strengths and weaknesses of evaluated interventions. Based on the evidence, recommendations will be made to promote the design and further evaluate the most promising strategies to maximize the efficacy of PA interventions in improving cardiometabolic and psychosocial outcomes in PWH in sub-Saharan Africa.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42021271937.
Gamma-delta T cells modulate the microbiota and fecal micro-RNAs to maintain mucosal tolerance
Authors: Rezende Rafael M. , Cox Laura M. , Moreira Thais G. , Liu Shirong , Boulenouar Selma , Dhang Fyonn , LeServe Danielle S. , Nakagaki Brenda N. , Lopes Juliana R. , Tatematsu Bruna K. , Lemos Luisa , Mayrink Julia , Lobo Eduardo L. C. , Guo Lydia , Oliveira Marilia G. , Kuhn Chantal , Weiner Howard L.
Published: February 2023

Background

Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells are a major cell population in the intestinal mucosa and are key mediators of mucosal tolerance and microbiota composition. Little is known about the mechanisms by which intestinal γδ T cells interact with the gut microbiota to maintain tolerance.

Results

We found that antibiotic treatment impaired oral tolerance and depleted intestinal γδ T cells, suggesting that the gut microbiota is necessary to maintain γδ T cells. We also found that mice deficient for γδ T cells (γδ−/−) had an altered microbiota composition that led to small intestine (SI) immune dysregulation and impaired tolerance. Accordingly, colonizing WT mice with γδ−/− microbiota resulted in SI immune dysregulation and loss of tolerance whereas colonizing γδ−/− mice with WT microbiota normalized mucosal immune responses and restored mucosal tolerance. Moreover, we found that SI γδ T cells shaped the gut microbiota and regulated intestinal homeostasis by secreting the fecal micro-RNA let-7f. Importantly, oral administration of let-7f to γδ−/− mice rescued mucosal tolerance by promoting the growth of the γδ−/−-microbiota-depleted microbe Ruminococcus gnavus.

Conclusions

Taken together, we demonstrate that γδ T cell-selected microbiota is necessary and sufficient to promote mucosal tolerance, is mediated in part by γδ T cell secretion of fecal micro-RNAs, and is mechanistically linked to restoration of mucosal immune responses.