bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HYBRID END-TO-END APPROACH INTEGRATING ONLINE LEARNING WITH FACE-IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
Authors: Nguyen Son Van , Nguyen Trung Son , Pham Hong Anh Thi , Hoang Thao Thu , Thanh Ta Minh
Published: March 2023

To date, facial recognition has been one of the most intriguing, interesting research topics over years. It requires some specific face-based algorithms such as facial detection, facial alignment, facial representation, and facial recognition as well; however, all of these algorithms derive from heavy deep learning architectures that cause limitations for development, scalability, flawed accuracy, and deployment into publicity with mere CPU servers. It also calls for large datasets containing hundreds of thousands of records for training purposes. In this paper, we propose a full pipeline for an effective face recognition application which only uses a small Vietnamese celebrity dataset and CPU for training that can solve the leakage of data and the need for GPU devices. It is based on a face vector-to-string tokens algorithm then saves face’s properties into Elasticsearch for future retrieval, so the problem of online learning in Facial Recognition is also tackled. Comparison with another popular algorithm on the dataset, our proposed pipeline not only outweighs the accuracy counterpart, but it also achieves a very speedy time inference for a real-time face recognition application.
TRANSFORMATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF ORDINAL SURVEY DATA
Authors: Sadh Roopam , Kumar Rajeev
Published: March 2023

Currently, Machine Learning is being significantly used in almost all of the research domains. However, its applicability in survey research is still in its infancy. We in this paper, attempt to highlight the applicability of Machine Learning in survey research while working on two different aspects in parallel. First, we introduce a pattern-based transformation method for ordinal survey data. Our purpose behind developing such a transformation method is twofold. Our transformation facilitates easy interpretation of ordinal survey data and provides convenience while applying standard Machine Learning approaches. Second, we demonstrate the application of various classification techniques over real and transformed ordinal survey data and interpret their results in terms of their suitability in survey research. Our experimental results suggest that Machine Learning coupled with the Pattern Recognition paradigm has a tremendous scope in survey research.
Conservative versus Surgical Management of Fifth Metatarsal Diaphyseal Fractures: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Jones Marc D. , Omana-Daniels Rebecca V. , Sweet Kerry J.
Published: March 2023

Background: Historically, distal fifth metatarsal diaphyseal fractures have been treated with conservative management, with only limited research evaluating surgical treatment of these fractures. This study was performed to compare surgical versus conservative treatment of distal fifth metatarsal diaphyseal fractures in athletes and nonathletes.

Methods: A retrospective review of 53 patients with surgical or conservative treatment of isolated fifth metatarsal diaphyseal fractures was performed. Data recorded included age, sex, tobacco use, diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, time to clinical union, time to radiographic union, athletic versus nonathletic status, time to return to full activity, surgical fixation method, and complications.

Results: Patients treated surgically had a mean clinical union time of 8.2 weeks, radiographic union time of 13.5 weeks, and return to activity time of 12.9 weeks. Patients treated conservatively had a mean clinical union time of 16.3 weeks, radiographic union time of 25.2 weeks, and return to activity time of 20.7 weeks. Delayed unions and nonunions occurred in 27.0% of patients (10 of 37) treated conservatively and in none in the surgical group.

Conclusions: Surgical treatment significantly decreased time to radiographic union, clinical union, and return to activity by an average of 8 weeks compared with conservative treatment. We suggest that surgical treatment of distal fifth metatarsal fractures is a viable option that may significantly decrease the patient’s time to clinical union, radiographic union, and return to activity.
Synthetic Hybrid-Scale Fiber Matrix for the Treatment of Complex Lower-Extremity Wounds
Authors: Husain Khalid , Malik Ali , Kirchens Jennifer
Published: March 2023

Background: Chronic, nonhealing wounds are a growing health-care problem in the United States, affecting more than 6.5 million patients annually and costing the health-care system over $25 billion. Chronic wounds, including diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and venous leg ulcers (VLUs), are often difficult to treat, and patients commonly fail to heal even with the most advanced therapies. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and utility of the synthetic hybrid-scale fiber matrix in the treatment of complex chronic nonhealing lower-extremity ulcers refractory to advanced therapies.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 20 patients with a total of 23 wounds (DFUs, n = 18; VLUs, n = 5) who underwent treatment using the synthetic hybrid-scale fiber matrix was conducted. The majority of ulcers (78%) included in this study were refractory to one or multiple previous advanced wound therapies and therefore considered difficult-to-heal ulcers with high failure risk for future therapies.

Results: Subjects had a mean wound age of 16 months and presented with 132 secondary comorbidities and 65 failed interventions and therapies. Treatment of VLUs with the synthetic matrix resulted in complete closure of 100% of the wounds over 244 ± 153 days with an average of 10.8 ± 5.5 applications. Treatment of DFUs with the synthetic matrix resulted in complete closure of 94% of the wounds over 122 ± 69 days with 6.7 ± 3.9 applications.

Conclusions: Treatment with the synthetic hybrid-scale fiber matrix resulted in the closure of 96% of complex chronic ulcers refractory to existing therapies. The inclusion of the synthetic hybrid-scale fiber matrix in wound care programs provides a critical and needed solution for costly, long-standing refractory wounds.
Novel Use of Diaphyseal Fibular Autograft for Revision Arthrodesis in Failed Keller Arthroplasty: A Case Report
Authors: Webber Colton , Herzwurm Zachary , Threeths Jahan , Szabo Edward
Published: March 2023

This case report describes a unique solution to the complex problem of bone loss and first-ray instability after a failed Keller arthroplasty. The patient was a 65-year-old woman who presented 5 years after undergoing Keller arthroplasty of the left first metatarsophalangeal joint for hallux rigidus with a chief complaint of pain and inability to wear regular shoes. The patient underwent first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis with diaphyseal fibula used as structural autograft. The patient has been followed for 5 years and has full resolution of previous symptoms without complications using this previously undescribed autograft harvest site.
Anomaly detection for blueberry data using sparse autoencoder-support vector machine
Authors: Wei Dianwen , Zheng Jian , Qu Hongchun
Published: March 2023

High-dimensional space includes many subspaces so that anomalies can be hidden in any of them, which leads to obvious difficulties in abnormality detection. Currently, most existing anomaly detection methods tend to measure distances between data points. Unfortunately, the distance between data points becomes more similar as the dimensionality of the input data increases, resulting in difficulties in differentiation between data points. As such, the high dimensionality of input data brings an obvious challenge for anomaly detection. To address this issue, this article proposes a hybrid method of combining a sparse autoencoder with a support vector machine. The principle is that by first using the proposed sparse autoencoder, the low-dimensional features of the input dataset can be captured, so as to reduce its dimensionality. Then, the support vector machine separates abnormal features from normal features in the captured low-dimensional feature space. To improve the precision of separation, a novel kernel is derived based on the Mercer theorem. Meanwhile, to prevent normal points from being mistakenly classified, the upper limit of the number of abnormal points is estimated by the Chebyshev theorem. Experiments on both the synthetic datasets and the UCI datasets show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art detection methods in the ability of anomaly detection. We find that the newly designed kernel can explore different sub-regions, which is able to better separate anomaly instances from the normal ones. Moreover, our results suggested that anomaly detection models suffer less negative effects from the complexity of data distribution in the space reconstructed by those layered features than in the original space.
Classification and prediction of spinal disease based on the SMOTE-RFE-XGBoost model
Authors: Zhang Biao , Dong Xinyan , Hu Yuwei , Jiang Xuchu , Li Gongchi
Published: March 2023

Spinal diseases are killers that cause long-term disturbance to people with complex and diverse symptoms and may cause other conditions. At present, the diagnosis and treatment of the main diseases mainly depend on the professional level and clinical experience of doctors, which is a breakthrough problem in the field of medicine. This article proposes the SMOTE-RFE-XGBoost model, which takes the physical angle of human bone as the research index for feature selection and classification model construction to predict spinal diseases. The research process is as follows: two groups of people with normal and abnormal spine conditions are taken as the research objects of this article, and the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) algorithm is used to address category imbalance. Three methods, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), tree-based feature selection, and recursive feature elimination (RFE), are used for feature selection. Logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), parsimonious Bayes, decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), gradient boosting tree (GBT), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and ridge regression models are used to classify the samples, construct single classification models and combine classification models and rank the feature importance. According to the accuracy and mean square error (MSE) values, the SMOTE-RFE-XGBoost combined model has the best classification, with accuracy, MSE and F1 values of 97.56%, 0.1111 and 0.8696, respectively. The importance of four indicators, lumbar slippage, cervical tilt, pelvic radius and pelvic tilt, was higher.
Natural durability of timber species exposed to xylophagous fungi in southern Durango, Mexico
Authors: Ontiveros-Moreno Yolanda , Colín-Urieta Serafín , Corral-Rivas José Javier , Hernández-Díaz José Ciro , Prieto-Ruíz José Ángel , Carrillo-Parra Artemio
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Wood is a natural resource used for construction and the manufacture of many products. This material is exposed to damage due to biotic and abiotic factors. An important biotic factor is wood-degrading fungi that generate large economic losses. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of xylophagous fungi (Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor) on the natural durability of six timber species in southern Durango, Mexico, and to establish differences between fungal effects on each tree species.

Materials and Methods

Samples of Pinus durangensis, P. cooperi, P. strobiformis, Juniperus deppeana, Quercus sideroxyla, and Alnus acuminata were exposed to fungi for 4 months under laboratory conditions according to European Standard EN350-1. Samples of Fagus sylvatica were used as control. Durability was determined as the percentage of wood mass loss for each species. Welch ANOVA tests were performed to establish differences among tree species. Welch t-tests were used to prove loss mass differences between fungi for each tree species.

Results

The most resistant species to C. puteana were P. durangensis, J. deppeana, P. cooperi and P. strobiformis, showing mean mass losses lower than 8.08%. The most resistant species to T. versicolor were J. deppeana, P. strobiformis and P. durangensis (mean mass losses lower than 7.39%). Pinus strobiformis and Q. sideroxyla were more susceptible to C. puteana effect; in contrast, P. durangensis and P. cooperi showed more damage due to T. versicolor degradation.

Conclusions

Woods of P. durangensis, P. cooperi, P. strobiformis and Juniperus deppeana are well adapted to infection by these xylophagous fungi and are therefore highly recommended for commercial use in southern Durango, Mexico.
HNF4G increases cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma via the MAPK6/Akt pathway
Authors: Liang Jiaqi , Zhao Guangyin , Bian Yunyi , Bi Guoshu , Sui Qihai , Zhang Huan , Shi Haochun , Shan Guangyao , Huang Yiwei , Chen Zhencong , Wang Lin , Zhan Cheng
Published: March 2023

Background

Lung adenocarcinoma is one of the most common tumors, and cisplatin is frequently used in treating lung adenocarcinoma patients. This study aimed to look into the roles and mechanisms of HNF4G in cisplatin resistance of lung adenocarcinoma.

Materials & Methods

Cisplatin resistance and gene expression data of 542 cell lines from the CTRP and CCLE databases were analyzed. HNF4G expression was detected in the lung adenocarcinoma cell lines after treatment with various concentrations of cisplatin. Cisplatin sensitivity curves were detected in cells that overexpressed or knocked down HNF4G. The ChIP-Seq data were then analyzed to identify the targets of HNF4G involved in cisplatin resistance. Expression and phosphorylation of the MAPK6/Akt pathway were detected after HNF4G was overexpressed or knocked down. Finally, ChIP-qPCR and dual-luciferase assays were used to investigate the regulation of HNF4G on MAPK6.

Results

In cell lines, high expression of HNF4G was significantly positively correlated with cisplatin resistance, and lung adenocarcinoma patients who had high HNF4G expression had a poor prognosis. Cisplatin treatment increased HNF4G expression, and overexpression of HNF4G significantly increased the resistance to cisplatin in A549 and HCC827 cells, whereas knockdown of HNF4G had the opposite effect. HNF4G overexpression increased MAPK6 expression and activated the MAPK6/Akt pathway, while an Akt inhibitor reduced the effects of HNF4G on cisplatin resistance. HNF4G bound to the MAPK6 promoter region, promoting MAPK6 expression, according to ChIP-qPCR and luciferase assays.

Conclusion

By binding to the MAPK6 promoter region, HNF4G promotes MAPK6 expression and subsequent Akt phosphorylation, resulting in resistance to cisplatin in lung adenocarcinoma.
Screening plant growth-promoting bacteria from the rhizosphere of invasive weed Ageratina adenophora for crop growth
Authors: Xia Yun , Zhang Hongbo , Zhang Yu , Zhang Yuyu , Liu Jiani , Seviour Robert , Kong Yunhong
Published: March 2023

Plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) play a vital role in soil fertility and crop production. The rhizosphere of many crop plants has been well documented by screening PGPR for their plant-growth promoting (PGP) mechanisms. However, the rhizosphere of grass species that may act as potential habitats for novel PGPR remains relatively unexplored. Ageratina adenophora is a noxious weed that has invaded more than 40 tropical and subtropical countries in Asia, Oceania, Africa, and Europe. Its presence has led to changes in plant species composition, reducing their biodiversity and destroying ecosystem function. In this study, we screened 1,200 bacterial strains isolated from the rhizosphere soil of A. adenophora in three floristic regions in Yunnan Province, China. Samples were screened for their in vitro ability for N-fixation, production of the plant growth regulator indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and the synthesis of 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, which controls the levels of ethylene in developing plant roots. We found that 144 strains showed at least one of these PGP attributes. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that most (62.5%) of the samples were bacteria closely related to members of the genera Pseudomonas (27 strains), Providencia (20 strains), Chryseobacterium (14 strains), Ensifer (12 strains), Enterobacter (nine strains), and Hafnia (eight strains). Their abundance and biodiversity in the soil of individual floristic regions correlate positively with the invasion history of A. adenophora. From these PGP bacterial strains, KM_A34 (Pantoea agglomerans), KM_C04 (Enterobacter asburiae), and KM_A57 (Pseudomonas putida), which had the greatest in vitro ability of N-fixation, and IAA and ACC deaminase production, respectively, were selected. The strains were evaluated for their effect on the seed germination and growth of soybean, faba bean, pea, wheat, and Chinese cabbage other than A. adenophora. Chamber experiments showed these strains significantly (P < 0.05) increased (14.2–43.4% over the controls) germination rates of the soybean, faba bean, pea, and/or Chinese cabbage seeds. They also reduced relative seed germination times (20.8–48.8% over the controls) of soy bean, faba bean and/or wheat seeds. Greenhouse pot experiments showed that they significantly (P < 0.05) promoted the aboveground and belowground height of plant foliage (12.1–23.1% and 11.5–31.4% over the controls, respectively) and/or the dry weights (16.1–33.5% and 10.6–23.4% over the controls, respectively) of the soy bean, faba bean, pea, wheat and/or Chinese cabbage. These data indicate that the rhizosphere microbiota of A. adenophora contain a PGPR pool that may be used as bioinoculants to improve the growth and productivity of these crops.
Real-Time Monitoring System for School-Enterprise Dual-Host Sports Person Path Optimization Based on Online Data Interest Community Game Algorithm
Authors: Pengju LIANG
Published: March 2023

This paper expounds the framework and innovation of a school's construction of a "two-three-three system" school-enterprise dual-discipline interactive teaching quality monitoring system. First, based on the online data mining algorithm, this paper proposes a data forwarding topology model for mobile social networks. This model combines the game theory algorithm to conduct real-time monitoring and analysis of the autonomous learning and teaching modes of schools and enterprises. Then, the game theory algorithm will eventually converge. To Nash equilibrium, that is, through the overall optimal solution combined with school-enterprise supervision of practical teaching and teaching evaluation to carry out comprehensive teaching quality monitoring, so as to maximize the teaching quality and improve the effect of teaching quality.
Analysis of Climate Variability in the Central District of Taraba State, North-East, Nigeria
Authors: Danladi Tukura Ejati , Oruonye E. D. , Ahmed Y. M. , Ambrose Zemba A.
Published: March 2023

Climatic maps have been very difficult to generate in Nigeria, not because of lack of knowledge or expertise, but due to dearth of climatic data. Most of the existing climatic maps are either not reliable or too generalized since Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) climatic data which is the only reliable climatic data are available only in the state capitals and which were often used to generate climatic maps. In this study, DivaGIS, WorldClim, NASA Power Project and globalweather climatic data of rainfall, temperature, relative humidity and solar radiation were used to generate the spatial patterns, trends and seasonal pattern of each of the aforementioned climatic elements in Taraba State Central District; comprising Bali, Gassol, Gashaka, Gembu, Kurmi and Sardauna LGAs. The results were presented in charts and using the bar chart and the kringing tools of Microsoft Excel package and ArcGIS 10.5 software respectively. Spatial pattern of rainfall of the area revealed that the rainfall pattern are influenced by relief and latitudes as Sardauna which is on the plateau in the South has more rains than Gassol in the North. Mountainous and highland areas were also found to have higher rainfall than the immediate environment. Trends in rainfall was decreasing in Bali, Gashaka and Sardauna LGAs. Rainfall is high from June to September when minimum of 200 mm monthly rainfall are received in all the five LGAs. The spatial pattern of temperature is inversely related to that of rainfall, while trends in temperature is increasing in all the LGAs. Relative humidity has similar spatial/seasonal patterns with that of rainfall, but showing decreasing trends in all the LGAs except Kurmi LGA. The spatial pattern of solar radiation was found to be affected by the aspects of the area as Kurmi LGA at the western side recorded highest amount of solar radiation. The pattern of solar radiation in the study area is seasonal because solar radiation is low (less than 20 mj/m2) in all the LGAs except Kurmi during the rainy season (June – October). It was recommended that ground station climatic data which covers larger areas than in-situ climatic data that are only available in State capitals should be encouraged among the climate analysts to alleviate the problems associated with dearth in in-situ climatic data.
Effect of Microbial Enriched Biochar with Fertilizer Doses on Soil Properties and Yield under Soybean (Glycine max) –Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cropping Sequence
Authors: Nimbalkar Sadashiv D. , Patil Deepak S. , Rajwade Pravin R.
Published: March 2023

Aims: To find out the Effect of different levels of microbial enriched biochar with fertilizer doses on soil properties and yield under Soybean (Glycine max) –Wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping sequence.

Study Design: Randomized Block Design (RBD).

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at BAIF-Central Research Station, Urulikanchan, Ta. Haveli, Dist. Pune Maharashtra, India, during July 2021 to April 2022.

Methodology: The charcoal powder is treated with the different bio fertilizers viz. Rhizobium, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB), and Trichoderma. The farmyard manure at the rate of 10 tons per ha was mixed equally in all the treatments.The reduced recommended dose of chemical fertilizers in Soybean and wheat was 50% and 75%, where the microbial enriched biochar was applied to the soil at the rate of 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 tha-1 (Table-1). In the Kharif, the var. JS 335 (Soybean) and in the Rabi season, Wheat (var. Ankur Kedar) was sown in the same field. The charcoal was prepared and this wet microbial-enriched Biochar was used as per the treatment combinations in both the crops (Table 1).

Results: In Soybean crop all the growth parameters recorded highest readings and also a higher grain yield (25.89 qha-1) and straw yield (27.49 qha-1) and in Wheat all the growth parameters recorded highest readings and also higher grain yield of (43.19 qha-1) and straw yield of (45.78  qha-1) was recorded (Table 2 & 4) in treatment T3 (Biochar @ 7.5 t ha-1 + 75 % GRDF) and it is at par with GRDF.

Conclusion: It is concluded that in (T3) the application of microbial-enriched Biochar @ 7.5 t ha-1 + 75 % GRDF has given significantly higher grain yield (Soybean: 25.89 qha-1 and Wheat: 43.19 qha-1) and straw yield (Soybean: 27.49 qha-1 and wheat: 45.78 qha-1) over the GRDF in both Soybean and Wheat cropping sequence.
Effect of Different Dose of Herbicide on Soil Physico-chemical and Biological Properties after Harvest of Wheat
Authors: Meena Monika , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Dhayal Suman , Meena Pooja Kumari
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the present experiment is to evaluate the efficacy of herbicide to control of weeds in wheat crop. The   field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Farm, Division of Agronomy, BHU, Varanasi, India. In the experimental field weeds were controlled by pre-emergence application of herbicides viz.,pendimethalin 30%  EC @ 600 g ha-1,pendimethalin 30%  EC @ 900 g ha-1, pendimethalin 30%  EC @ 1200 g ha-1, pendimethalin 30%  EC @ 1500 g ha-1,metribuzin 70%  WP @ 210 g ha-1 weed free (two hands weeding) and Untreated Control (Weedy check). Effect of treatments on soil physico-chemical properties like soil bulk density, soil p=H, electric conductivity and organic carbon are not significance variation among the treatments. The available nitrogen in soil after harvest of wheat was more under hand weeded treated plots which was statistically comparable with application of pendimethalin 30% EC @ 900 g ha-1 over  the rest of the treatments. However, available phosphorus and potassium in non-significant it did not influenced by the treatments.
Biochemical and AntiBiogramic Study for Resistance Strains of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Leafy Vegetables in the Market Garden in N'Djamena, Chad
Authors: Nazal Alhadj Markhous , Nadlaou Bessimbaye , Ousman Abdoullahi Hissein , Moukhtar Roumane , Souleymane Amine Alhadj , Tidjani Abdelsalam
Published: March 2023

Salmonellosis is one of the most frequently reported foodborne illnesses and the majority of salmonellosis in humans comes from fresh fruits and vegetables. The objective of this work is to assess the level of contamination and to determine the biochemical profile and susceptibility to antibiotics of the strains of Salmonella spp. isolated from leafy vegetables produced in market garden farms in N'Djamena in Chad. 144 samples from six (6) different types of leafy vegetables were collected and analyzed according to standard food microbiology methods. ISO 6579 (2002) was used for microbiological analysis. The classical identification gallery and the API 20E gallery allowed the biochemical identification of isolated strains. The Kirby-Bauer method was used to test the antibiotic susceptibility of strains of Salmonella spp. The results obtained show microbiological contamination of vegetables analyzed in particular rocket and lettuce with a proportion of Salmonella spp. of 12.50% and 8.33% respectively. However, contamination varies according to the sites and is intimately linked to the poor bacteriological quality of irrigation water. The study determined the biochemical characteristics of each isolate. On the other hand, the susceptibility profiles of strains to antibiotics were varied. Indeed, the antibiotic sensitivity test of the isolates showed that the strains of Salmonella spp isolated are much more resistant to ceftriaxone, ampicillin and chloramphenicol. The most active antibiotics were amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid, nalidixicic acid, ciprofloxacin and imipenem with a sensitivity rate above 80%. However, the resistance of Salmonella spp to certain antibiotics is a real public health problem that challenges the authorities in charge of the issue.
Factors Affecting Financial Distress in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia: An Empirical Study
Authors: Aurelia Vanny , Leon Farah Margaretha
Published: March 2023

Aims: The research conducted aims to see the effect of financial ratios in the ability to predict the possibility of a company in experiencing financial distress.

Study Design: The independent variables in this study are leverage, liquidity and profitability. The control variables consist of firm size and age of the company while the dependent variable is financial distress as measured by the Z-score.

Place and Duration of Study: The sample used in this research is a company listed on the 2017-2021 PEFINDO index on Bursa Efek Indonesia.

Methodology: The number of samples used were 65 companies with a total of 325 observations using purposive sampling.

Results: The results showed that leverage had a positive significant effect on financial distress meanwhile profitability and age had a negative significant effect on financial distress.

Conclusion: The company is expected to minimize the use of leverage which used to fund total assets. In addition, the company is expected to be able to increase company's net profit to minimize it’s possibility in experiencing financial distress and companies with a mature age to keep maintaining leverage and profitability in order to avoid the risk of financial distress. Investors are expected to choose companies by looking at low leverage ratios, high profitability, and companies with old ages so that the risk of investment can be minimized. The government is expected to be able to provide capital to companies so that the company's leverage can be lower as well as an increase company’s profitability as a result of increasing company productivity in doing business.
Estimation of Radon Concentration around Public Spaces and Residential Homes with Altitude within Cities of Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Ilugo N. T. , Avwiri G. O. , Chad-Umoren Y. E.
Published: March 2023

This study evaluates the radon concentrations in public places and private residences with different altitudes in selected locations in Delta State. These measurements were carried out using a professional radon monitoring instrument (Alpha GUARD PQ2000 PRO) and a geographical positioning system (GPS-Garmin GPS Map 76S). The recorded mean radon concentration varied from 11.70 ± 5.20 Bq/m3 to 23.90 ±16.60 Bq/m3, which is within the WHO acceptable range (100 Bq/m3). The basement had greater radon concentrations than the upper floors in most situations, although there were few exceptions. The average values of the estimated radiation risk parameters, which include equilibrium equivalent radon concentration, the potential alpha energy concentration, radon exhalation rates, and excess lifetime cancer risk due to exposure to radon radiation from their progeny are 4.7 Bq/m3 to 9.5Bq/m3, 1.20 × 10-3mWL to 2.60 × 10-3mWL, 0.04 × 10-3WML/y to 0.09× 10-3 WML/y, 3.7Bq/m2/h to 7.52Bq/m2/h  and 2.10 × 10-3 to 3.30 × 10-3 respectively. The calculated radiation risk factors were all found to be within the recommended limits based on the data obtained. The research region is deemed safe and poses no threat to people.
Negras luzes atlânticas
Authors: Couceiro Luiz Alberto
Published: March 2023

Resenha de:
HAZAREESINGH, Sudhir. O maior revolucionário das américas: a vida épica de Toussaint Louverture. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2020. 583 p.
¿Dónde están los negros?
Authors: Barreto Marina Leão de A.
Published: March 2023

Resenha de:
EDWARDS, Erika. Hiding in Plain Sight: Black Women, the Law, and the Making of aWhite Argentine Republic. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2020. 168 p.
Sujeitos políticos em cena
Authors: Silva Maciel Henrique
Published: March 2023

Resenha de:
SOUZA, Felipe Azevedo e. Nas ruas: abolicionismo, republicanismo e movimento operário no Recife. Salvador: EDUFBA, 2021. 260 p.
Desafiando o mito de 1922
Authors: Dunn Christopher
Published: March 2023

Resenha de:
CARDOSO, RAFAEL. Modernidade em preto e branco: Arte e imagem, raça e identidade no Brasil. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2022. 372 p.
Life Expectancy Gaps Among Black and White Persons and Contributing Causes of Death in 3 Large US Cities, 2018-2019
Authors: Roesch Pamela T. , Saiyed Nazia S. , Laflamme Emily , De Maio Fernando G. , Benjamins Maureen R.
Published: March 2023

Importance

US cities have substantial, but varying, levels of racial mortality inequities, a consequence of structural racism. As committed partners increasingly pledge to eliminate health inequities, local data are required to focus and unify efforts.

Objective

To analyze the contributions of 26 cause-of-death categories to Black to White life expectancy gaps within 3 large US cities.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cross-sectional study, data were extracted from the 2018 and 2019 National Vital Statistics System Multiple Cause of Death Restricted Use data files for deaths by race, ethnicity, sex, age, place of residence, and underlying and contributing causes of death in Baltimore, Maryland; Houston, Texas; and Los Angeles, California. Life expectancy at birth was calculated for non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White populations overall and by sex using abridged life tables with 5-year age intervals. Data analysis was performed from February to May 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Using the Arriaga method, the proportion of the Black to White life expectancy gap was calculated overall and by sex for each city that was attributable to 26 cause-of-death categories defined using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes for underlying and contributing causes of death.

Results

A total of 66 321 death records from 2018 to 2019 were analyzed, with 29 057 individuals (44%) were identified as Black, 34 745 (52%) as male, and 46 128 (70%) as aged 65 years and older. Black to White life expectancy gaps were 7.60 years for Baltimore, 8.06 years for Houston, and 9.57 years for Los Angeles. Circulatory diseases, cancer, injuries, and diabetes and endocrine disorders were top contributors to the gaps, although the order and magnitude varied by city. The contribution of circulatory diseases was 11.3 percentage points higher in Los Angeles than in Baltimore (3.76 years [39.3%] vs 2.12 years [28.0%]). The contribution of injuries to Baltimore’s racial gap (2.22 years [29.3%]) was twice as large as in Houston (1.11 years [13.8%]) and Los Angeles (1.36 years [14.2%]).

Conclusions and Relevance

By assessing the composition of Black to White life expectancy gaps for 3 large US cities and categorizing deaths at a more granular level than past studies, this study provides insight into the differing underpinnings of urban inequities. This type of local data can support local resource allocation that more effectively addresses racial inequities.
Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics in Food and Agriculture
Authors: Pérez‐Marín Dolores C. , Garrido‐Varo Ana
Published: March 2023

Nowadays, the analytical needs of the agrifood industries are not only to comply with regulations to meet quality standards and protect their products from food fraud but also to self‐monitor their processes to improve their efficiency. In addition, a key aspect is to be able to control and trace products along the entire food chain – ‘from farm to fork’ – and for these purposes, near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensors are well suited. This article addresses the potential of NIRS to respond to specific issues in agriculture and food products and the main data processing methods used for application development, presenting some case studies related to animal feeds, rendering products, and fruits and vegetables. Moreover, the article focuses on showing the transition between the traditional use of NIRS at laboratory level and the current trend of using NIRS in situ, encouraged by the evolution of instrumentation, with portable or on‐line devices now possible and combining the spectral signal with other information and communication technologies to build decision support systems to assist and support industry. The current and future trends in the use of NIRS combined with chemometric for food products and processed assessment are also reported.
Thiohalobacteraceae fam. nov.
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: March 2023

Thi.o.ha.lo.bac.ter.a.ce'ae
N.L. masc. n.
Thiohalobacter
, the type genus of the family, ‐
aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Thiohalobacteraceae
the
Thiohalobacter
family.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Thiohalobacterales / Thiohalobacteraceae fam. nov.

The family
Thiohalobacteraceae
consists of aerobic, chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria from hypersaline salt lakes. They are moderately halophilic aerobic, bacteria utilizing reduced sulfur compounds as the energy source and assimilating CO
2
via the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle. The family is a member of the order
Thiohalobacterales
within the
Gammaproteobacteria
and consists of a single genus
Thiohalobacter
. The family‐level status was established by phylogenomic analysis based on the Genome Taxonomy DataBase classification.

DNA G
+
C content (%)
: 64.2 (genome sequence).

Type genus
:
Thiohalobacter
Sorokin et al. 2010
VP
.
Thiohalophilaceae fam. nov.
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: March 2023

Thi.o.ha.lo.phi.la.ce'ae N.L. masc. n.
Thiohalophilus
, the type genus of the family, ‐
aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Thiohalophilaceae
the
Thiohalophilus
family.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Thiohalomonadales / Thiohalophilaceae fam. nov.

The family
Thiohalophilaceae
incorporates aerobic, chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria from hypersaline habitats. They are moderate halophiles utilizing reduced sulfur compounds as the energy source with either O
2
or nitrite as the electron acceptors. The family is a member of the order
Thiohalomonadales
in the
Gammaproteobacteria
and consists of a single genus
Thiohalophilus
. The family‐level classification in the order
Thiohalomonadales
was established by phylogenomic analysis according to the Genome Taxonomy DataBase method.

DNA G
 + 
C content
: 57.4 (genome of the type strain).

Type genus
:
Thiohalophilus
Sorokin et al. 2007, VL117.
Humibacter
Authors: Carro Lorena
Published: March 2023

Hu.mi.bac'ter. L. masc. n.
humus
, earth, soil and, in earth sciences or agriculture, humus; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
, rod; N.L. masc. n.
Humibacter
, rod living in the humus.

Actinobacteriota / Actinomycetia / Actinomycetales / Microbacteriaceae / Humibacter

Cells are Gram‐stain‐positive rods (0.3–0.7 × 0.8–1.8 μm), non‐spore‐forming, motile, or nonmotile. Mesophilic and strictly aerobic chemo‐organotroph. Strains have been isolated from different types of soils, wood chips, and sewage sludge compost samples. In addition, one strain was obtained from a small intestine of castrated beef cattle. Produce acid phosphatase, leucine arylamidase, α‐glucosidase, and β‐glucosidase enzymes but not α‐chymotrypsin. The peptidoglycan contains 2,4‐diaminobutyric acid as diagnostic diamino acid and several strains also include ornithine. The major quinones are the menaquinones MK‐11 and MK‐12; in addition, MK‐10 can be present. The characteristic polar lipid is phosphatidylglycerol, while diphosphatidylglycerol and several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids, aminolipids, and lipids could be present. Phylogenetically, a member of the family
Microbacteriaceae
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 62–68 (HPLC, WGS).

Type species
:
Humibacter albus
Vaz‐Moreira et al. 2008a
VP
.
Tenacibaculum
Authors: Duchaud Eric , Bernardet Jean‐François
Published: March 2023

Te.na.ci.ba'cu.lum. L. adj.
tenax ‐acis
, holding fast, tenacious; L. neut. n.
baculum
, stick; N.L. neut. n.
Tenacibaculum
, rod‐shaped bacterium that adheres to the surface of marine organisms.

Bacteroidetes / Flavobacteriia / Flavobacteriales / Flavobacteriaceae / Tenacibaculum

Members of the genus
Tenacibaculum
are exclusively found in marine environments. Most of them are attached to or associated with the surface of marine organisms such as fish, macroalgae, sponges, and invertebrates. However, some strains were isolated from seawater or marine sediments. Several species are important fish pathogens while others are able to degrade complex polysaccharides such as carrageenans or alginate.

Rods are 0.1–0.7 μm in diameter and 0.4–40 μm in length. Filamentous cells >100 μm long and degenerative spherical cells may occur in older cultures.

Ring‐shaped cells, spores, and gas vesicles are not formed. Cells are nonflagellated. Cells of most, if not all, species are motile by gliding. Gram‐stain‐negative. Cells produce a yellow pigment that is mainly zeaxanthin. Flexirubin‐type pigments are absent. Chemo‐organotrophic and heterotrophic. Aerobic. Catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive. Grow well on media containing seawater. The major respiratory quinone is menaquinone‐6.

DNA G + C content (mol%) from the draft or complete genome sequence analysis
: 29.6–32.2 (38.4 for
Tenacibaculum litopenaei
).

Type species
:
Tenacibaculum maritimum
Suzuki et al. 2001
VP
(basonyms: “
Flexibacter marinus
” Hikida et al. 1979,
Flexibacter maritimus
Wakabayashi et al. 1986
VP
, “
Cytophaga marina
” Reichenbach 1989).
Monoglobus
Authors: Kim Caroline C. , Rosendale Douglas I. , Kelly William J.
Published: March 2023

Mo.no.glo'bus. Gr. masc. adj.
monos
, single, solitary; L. masc. n.
globus
, a ball, sphere; N.L. masc. n.
Monoglobus
single sphere.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Ruminococcaceae / Monoglobus

Coccus‐shaped cells, 0.6 μm in diameter. Nonmotile. Endospores are not observed. Gram‐positive‐stain. Colonies are small. Mesophilic. Strictly anaerobic. Cytochrome oxidase‐negative. Catalase‐positive. Grow on
d
‐galacturonic acid,
d
‐xylose,
l‐
arabinose,
d
‐fructose, and pectins from various sources. Major fermentation products include H
2
, CO
2
, acetate, formate, and lactate. Major cellular fatty acids include C
18:1
ω9
c
, an 18C‐straight monounsaturated fatty acid. 16S rRNA gene sequence affiliates the genus
Monoglobus
to the family
Ruminococcaceae
. Isolated from the feces of a healthy human donor residing in New Zealand.

DNA G +C content (mol%)
: 37.2 (genome).

Type species
:
Monoglobus pectinilyticus
Kim et al. 2017
VP
.
Zestosphaera
Authors: St. John Emily
Published: March 2023

Zes.to.sphae'ra. Gr. masc. adj.
zestos
hot, boiling; Gr. fem. n.
sphaera
a ball, a sphere; N.L. fem. n.
Zestosphaera
a hot sphere.

Crenarchaeota / Thermoprotei / Desulfurococcales / Desulfurococcaceae / Zestosphaera

The genus
Zestosphaera
(family
Desulfurococcaceae
) consists of a single species,
Zestosphaera tikiterensis
NZ3
T
. Cells are nonmotile cocci approximately 1.0 μm in diameter.
Zestosphaera
is anaerobic, neutrophilic (pH optimum 6.0) hyperthermophiles with an optimum growth temperature of 82–83°C. Growth has been observed on 0–0.5% NaCl (w/v). Thiosulfate is required for growth. Protein‐rich carbon sources support growth, including yeast extract, casamino acids, gelatin, and tryptone, and growth has not been observed on sugars, carbohydrates, alcohols, or fatty acids. Lipids consist of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers. An S‐layer is inferred from the genome.
Z. tikiterensis
cells also can form a close association with the symbiotic nanoarchaeote
Candidatus
Nanoclepta minutus, in which
Z. tikiterensis
functions as the host organism. The type species was isolated from a terrestrial geothermal spring in Tikitere, New Zealand.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
:
41.9 (genome analysis).

Type species
:
Zestosphaera tikiterensis
St. John et al. 2019, VL197.
Methylohalomonadales ord. nov.
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y. , Whitman William
Published: March 2023

Me.thy.lo.ha.lo.mo.nad.al'es N.L. fem. n.
Methylohalomonas
, the type genus of the order; L. fem. pl. n. suff.‐
ales,
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Methylohalomonadales
, order of the genus the
Methylohalomonas
.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Methylohalomonadales ord. nov.

The order
Methylohalomonadales
includes obligately methylotrophic bacteria from hypersaline salt lakes. They are moderately halophilic aerobes utilizing C
1
compounds as energy and carbon sources via the serine cycle. The order forms a deep‐branching phylogenetic lineage in the
Gammaproteobacteria
and consists of a single family
Methylohalomonadaceae
and genus
Methylohalomonas
. The order‐level classification was established by phylogenomic analysis based on the Genome Taxonomy DataBase classification.

Type genus
:
Methylohalomonas
Sorokin et al. 2007
VP
.
Thiohalobacterales ord. nov.
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: March 2023

Thi.o.ha.lo.bac.ter.al'es
N.L. masc. n.
Thiohalobacter
, the type genus of the order; L. fem. pl. n. suff. ‐
ales
, ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Thiohalobacterales
, the order of the genus
Thiohalobacter
.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Thiohalobacterales ord. nov.

The order
Thiohalobacterales
accommodates obligately chemolithoautotrophic aerobic bacteria utilizing inorganic sulfur compounds as the energy source and assimilating CO
2
via the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle. The order is a deeply branching member of the
Gammaproteobacteria
and consists of two families
Thiohalobacteraceae
and
Thiogranaceae,
both of which include one genus. The order‐level status was established by phylogenomic analysis based on the Genome Taxonomy DataBase classification.

Type genus
:
Thiohalobacter
Sorokin et al. 2010
VP
.
Elusimicrobiota
Authors: Brune Andreas , Mies Undine S.
Published: March 2023

E.lu.si.mi.cro.bi.o'ta. N.L. neut. n.
Elusimicrobium
, type genus of the phylum; N.L. neut. pl. n. suff. ‐
ota
, ending to denote a phylum; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Elusimicrobiota
, the
Elusimicrobium
phylum.

Elusimicrobiota
belongs to the PVC superphylum and comprises at least four class‐level lineages of mostly uncultured bacteria. Only the classes
Elusimicrobia
and
Endomicrobia
each have a single cultured representative. Both isolates are strictly anaerobic ultramicrobacteria with a fermentative metabolism and an unusual cell cycle. Like their uncultured relatives in the families
Elusimicrobiaceae
and
Endomicrobiaceae
, they colonize the intestinal tracts of invertebrate and vertebrate hosts and show considerable genome reduction. All other lineages seem to consist of free‐living, strictly anaerobic bacteria that occur in a wide range of aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Members of several apical lineages possess the capacity for aerobic respiration.

Type genus
:
Elusimicrobium
Geissinger et al. 2009, VL132.

The phylum
Elusimicrobiota
contains the classes
Elusimicrobia
Geissinger et al. 2009, VL132 and
Endomicrobia
Zheng et al. 2016, VL180.
Self‐Powered Rapid Response Flexible Pressure Sensor for Wearable Application
Authors: Yin Junwei , Guo Shuning , E Mingfeng , Liu Hui , Liu Zhihui , Ding Wanyu , Li Dongming , Cui Yunxian
Published: March 2023

Flexible pressure sensors have attracted a lot of attention in fields such as medicine and healthcare due to their ease of making wearable devices. However, the development of flexible pressure sensors is facing the challenges of a complex manufacturing process and high cost. Herein, a zinc oxide (ZnO) piezoelectric film flexible pressure sensor with a 3 × 3 sensor array presented through an extremely simple and ultralow‐cost fabrication process is reported. The 3 × 3 sensor array in series and again, in parallel. The output voltage of the 3 × 3 sensor array is significantly higher compared to the original thin‐film piezoelectric sensors at the same film thickness. The ZnO flexible pressure sensor shows good linear sensitivity and high durability over 4000 cycles of loading in the test range of 0–14 N. The response and recovery times tend to decrease as the dynamic pressure increases in the experimental range. Furthermore, a high‐precision dynamic force calibration system through a comparison between the open‐loop and closed‐loop strategies used in the dynamic force calibration experiments that are performed is presented. Potential applications of the sensor are demonstrated, including elbow flexure and finger tapping. The sensor also shows the ease of massive fabrication.