bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Duality Principles and Numerical Procedures for a Large Class of Non-convex Models in the Calculus of Variations
Authors: Botelho Fabio
Published: December 2023

This article develops duality principles and numerical results for a large class of non-convex variational models. The main results are based on fundamental tools of convex analysis, duality theory and calculus of variations. More specifically the approach is established for a class of non-convex functionals similar as those found in some models in phase transition. Finally, in some sections we present concerning numerical examples and the respective softwares.
Finding an Unique and “Natural” Extension of the Expected Value That Takes a Finite Value for All Functions in Non-Shy Subset of the Set of All Functions
Authors: Krishnan Bharath
Published: December 2023

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The COVID-19 Pandemic and Online Education Revolution: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: SWARGIARY KHRITISH , Roy Kavita
Published: December 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a profound shift to online education, impacting students across various educational levels. This research, drawing from a comprehensive survey of 1,000,000 students, delves into the surge in demand for online education during the pandemic and its potential enduring implications. The study scrutinizes factors steering this transition, the perceived effectiveness of online education, challenges encountered by students, and their anticipated preferences for the future. Results unveil nuanced perspectives among K-12, undergraduate, and postgraduate students, with safety, flexibility, and accessibility emerging as pivotal influencers. The findings offer valuable insights into challenges faced and future preferences, enlightening educational stakeholders about the dynamic needs of students and contributing to the ongoing evolution of the post-pandemic educational landscape.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Online Education Revolution: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: SWARGIARY KHRITISH , R Kavita
Published: December 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a profound shift to online education, impacting students across various educational levels. This research, drawing from a comprehensive survey of 1,000,000 students, delves into the surge in demand for online education during the pandemic and its potential enduring implications. The study scrutinizes factors steering this transition, the perceived effectiveness of online education, challenges encountered by students, and their anticipated preferences for the future. Results unveil nuanced perspectives among K-12, undergraduate, and postgraduate students, with safety, flexibility, and accessibility emerging as pivotal influencers. The findings offer valuable insights into challenges faced and future preferences, enlightening educational stakeholders about the dynamic needs of students and contributing to the ongoing evolution of the post-pandemic educational landscape.
Past Epigenetic Information Archive with Blockchain Data Architecture in a Biological Cellular Substructure
Authors: Choi Jung In
Published: December 2023

Past epigenetic information refers to the epigenetic modifications that have occurred in the past have since been updated. These modifications may no longer be present and not actively influencing on cellular functions. When past epigenetic modifications disappear, the precise records of those modifications typically may be vanish. If it is indeed true, a critical question arises: Can an organism sustain continuous survival and evolution without the information about past epigenetic modifications up to the present? It is reasonable to assume that among the information about past modifications, there could be crucial data essential for survival and evolution. If all these experiences were to vanish, rendering them unknowable in the present, it would undoubtedly pose significant challenges to survival and evolution. Therefore, the argument that such epigenetic information has been securely stored somewhere within the cell is not merely speculative but likely a factual reality.In this study, a new term “Epigenetic Archive”, is introduced in biology. It refers to a data repository that encompasses all experience data on past epigenetic modifications. The argument presented here underscores the importance of Epigenetic Archive and the need for its secure preservation. According to the argument, the information that cells experience should be continuously and securely stored, and any distortion of this information is said to be inconsistent with the principles of evolution and survival. This information is seen as evidence of a cell's successful existence up to the present, and it is emphasized that this successful record must be preserved. From this perspective, Epigenetic Archive should be designed to safely store past biological experiences and link this information securely to the present data. This study proposes that the data architecture in Epigenetic Archive is indeed akin to the principles of blockchain technology, particularly in terms of immutability and a distributed ledger securely preserving information across generations and ensuring that all cells possess consistent epigenetic information across a biological organism.The applications and implications of such an analogy of blockchain to Epigenetics could be an original contribution for future research on biology and genetics.
Creutzfeldt -Jakob Disease Associated with E200K Mutation and SARS-Cov2 Infection, Pure Coincidence or Neurodegenerative Acceleration?
Authors: Colaizzo Elisa , Prosperini Luca , Petrucci Antonio , Perna Alessia
Published: December 2023

it has been just over three years since SARS-CoV-2 viral infection was first known as causing severe acute and highly transmissible respiratory syndrome coronavirus. During one of the worst global pandemics of the last century, caused by the COVID-19 disease, under the persistent immune pressure exerted by the newest vaccines, the SARS-CoV-2 virus is fastly mutating and becoming less severe, but more contagious. On the other hand, some studies [1,2,3] indicate that the elderly COVID-19 patients or those who have reported a virulent episode of this infection, experience some long-lasting neurological complications, including encephalopathy, encephalitis, cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and prion disease (PrD). So, there are several recent reports of patients [4,5] developing PrD following the SARS-CoV-2 infection, but, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported in Italy on an association of the PRNP E200K somatic mutation with gCJD. The rising global prevalence neurodegenerative complications following COVID-19 disease adds urgency to the study of this potential relationship.
Multivariate Dynamics of Ecuadorian Universities in Their Scientific Production in WoS: Post- Pandemic Period.
Authors: Álvarez Muñoz Patricio , Pacheco Olea Fernando , Peralta Gamboa Dennis , Cevallos Diaz Andres Rodulfo
Published: December 2023

The study analyzed Ecuador's presence in the Web of Science (WoS) post-pandemic from a multivariate dynamic, highlighting a significant transformation in scientific communication towards open access (OA). The methodology integrated multivariate statistical techniques, using R and specialized tools, to process 9,085 relevant articles, 52% of the Ecuadorian publications in WoS between 2019 and 2021 were open access. This movement reflects a commitment to quality research and accessibility, showing an increase in publications and citations under OA. The research underscores the importance of establishing robust national OA policies in Ecuador to promote scientific collaboration and an equitable distribution of knowledge. Despite funding challenges and the lack of specific regulations, educational institutions in Ecuador have maintained a constant scientific output, adapting to the global environment and the demand for transparent information. The study concludes that there is an urgent need for a holistic approach to OA in the country, recognizing the progress made despite the difficulties.
Fruitlet Freeze Tolerance in Peach Germplasm
Authors: Caglar Ufuk , Lawton John Mark , Melgar Juan Carlos , Gasic Ksenija
Published: December 2023

Climate change is affecting the production of temperate fruit crops. Freeze damage, particularly in spring, has resulted in significant economic losses in peach production in the southeastern United States. Research efforts in peach and other Prunus species have primarily focused on dormancy-related traits associated with bloom time, such as chill and heat requirement, with fruitlet freeze tolerance not equally represented. This study reports fruitlet freeze tolerance in 75 peach and nectarine accessions at six freezing temperatures (0 to -10ºC) using electrolyte leakage method over two seasons (2022-2023). Fruitlet freeze tolerance ranged from -3.94 to -10.22 °C with an estimated damage ranging from 16-48% with the majority of the accessions showing tolerance to cold temperatures in the -4 to -6ºC and 25-35% range. Variability in tolerance was noted across years, including some inconsistencies between tolerance group assignments. Grouping based on the estimated damage showed better stability and some accessions changed their grouping from the extremes to an intermediate tolerance group. Interestingly, nectarine accessions were among most tolerant in both seasons. Broad-sense heritability of 0.52 and 0.85, for freeze tolerance and estimated damage, respectively, suggested genetic control of this trait with a potential for improvement via breeding.
Green Human Resource Management/Supply Chain Management /Regulation and Legislation and its effects on Sustainable Development Goals in Jordan
Authors: Freihat Lana Jamil , Al-Qaaida Mousa Sami , Abbod Maysam , Huneiti Zayed Ali
Published: December 2023

Keywords: Green human resource management1; Green supply chain management2; Regulation and legislation3; Sustainable development goals4.
Educational Approach: Leveraging SWOT Analysis for Entrepreneurial Success in Senior Dental Students
Authors: Antoniadou Maria , Kanellopoulou Antonia
Published: December 2023

The SWOT analysis, pivotal in the competitive healthcare sector, aids dentists in identifying and analyzing internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as external opportunities and threats. This study focuses on senior dental students, aiming to scrutinize their use of SWOT analysis and evaluate its efficacy as an educational tool for career decision-making in dental entrepreneurship. The research sample comprises 116 senior dental students in the final stages of their dental education, with data collection accomplished through the administration of an e-questionnaire. The data extracted from the SWOT analysis encompass internal and external factors, gender distinctions, and outcomes derived from Stepwise Binary Logistic Regression concerning predictor markers. The results from the SWOT analysis of 114 questionnaires, revealed that participants identified communication skills (50%) and organization skills (49.10%) as their primary strengths, followed by favorable personal traits contributing to goal success (36%). Weaknesses predominantly centered around emotional and personal traits like anxiety (41.20%) and other characteristics, alongside practical challenges such as lack of initial capital (24.60%). Main opportunities included collaboration with experienced dentists (33.30%) and access to training programs (27.20%), while economic instability in Greece (77.20%) and the saturated dentist profession (26.30%) were perceived as significant threats. Gender differences were notable, with female dentists more likely to report organization skills as a strength and anxiety as a weakness. Values such as industriousness, persistence, and ethics were commonly shared, with actions focusing on training programs (57.9%) and gaining experience with experienced dentists (29.8%). Cluster analysis identified two subgroups, with one emphasizing on utilizing all available options (n=49) and the other prioritizing on gaining professional skills and experience (n=65). Logistic regression indicated that participants valuing industriousness were less likely to explore all available options, while those recognizing personal traits were more likely to do so. The study's outcomes highlight key predictor factors linked to a proactive orientation in career decision-making among senior dental students. These insights offer valuable implications for educational institutions and career counselors.
Antitumor Mechanism and Therapeutic Potential of Cordycepin Derivatives
Authors: Cui Lin lin , ZHAO Li , SHEN Guanghuan , YU Dahai , Yuan Tian , ZHANG Yingyu , YANG Bo
Published: December 2023

Cordycepin has good antitumor activity, but its clinical application is limited due to the easy deamination of N6 in structure. In this study, a large lipopolysis group was introduced at the cordycepin N6 to improve the problem, Cordycepin derivatives(3a-4c) were synthesized, and biological evaluation of compounds were studied. In the study, the vitro antitumor activity of the compounds against MCF7 cells, HepG2 cells and SGC-7901 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. In the results, compound 4a showed the most obvious inhibitory effect on MCF7 cells with IC50 value of 27.566±0.52 μM, which was much lower than cordycepin. Compound 4a showed high selectivity between MCF7 and normal MCF-10A cells. Further biological evaluation showed that compound 4a promoted apoptosis and blocked the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase. Then, Western Blot was used to detect related apoptotic proteins. It was found that Compound 4a could down-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 protein and up-regulate the expression of p53, Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9 proteins. The mitochondrial membrane potential decreased continuously and the positive expression rate decreased. It was speculated that compound 4a induced the apoptosis of MCF7 cells through the mitochondrial pathway.
Intermediate Repeat Expansion in ATXN2 Gene as a Risk Factor in ALS and FTD Spanish Population
Authors: Borrego-Hernández Daniel , Vazquez-Costa Juan Francisco , Domínguez-Rubio Raúl , Expósito-Blázquez Laura , Aller Elena , Padró-Miquel Ariadna , García-Casanova Pilar , Colomina Maria J. , Martin Arriscado Cristina , Osta Rosario , Cordero-Vázquez Pilar , Esteban-Pérez Jesús , Povedano Mònica , García-Redondo Alberto
Published: December 2023

Intermediate CAG expansions in the gene ataxin-2 (ATXN2) are a known risk factor for ALS, but little is known about their role in FTD risk. Moreover, their contribution to the risk and phenotype of patients might vary in populations with different genetic background. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of intermediate CAG expansions in ATXN2 with the risk and phenotype of ALS and FTD in the Spanish population. Repeat-Primed PCR was performed in 620 ALS and 137 FTD patients in three referral centers of Spain to determine the exact number of CAG repeats. In our cohort, ≥27 CAG repeats in ATXN2 was associated with a higher risk of developing ALS (odds ratio [OR] = 2.666 [1.471-4.882]; p = 0.0013), but not FTD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.446 [0.558-3.574]; p = 0.44). Moreover, ALS patients with ≥27 CAG repeats in ATXN2 showed shorter survival rate compared to those with <27 repeats (hazard ratio [HR] 1.74 [1.18, 2.56], p = 0.005), more frequent limb onset (odds ratio [OR] = 2.34 [1.093-4.936]; p = 0.028), as well as family history of ALS (odds ratio [OR] = 2.538 [1.375-4.634]; p = 0.002). Intermediate CAG expansions of ≥27 repeats in ATXN2 are associated with ALS risk, but not with FTD, in the Spanish population. ALS patients carrying an intermediate expansion in ATXN2 show more frequent limb onset, but worse prognosis than those without expansions. In patients carrying C9orf72 expansions, the intermediate ATXN2 expansion might increase the penetrance and modify the phenotype.
Phospholipase C Zeta in Human Spermatozoa: A Systematic Review on Current Development and Clinical Application
Authors: Parrella Alessandra , Medrano Llanos , Aizpurua Jon , Gómez-Torres María José
Published: December 2023

During fertilization, the fusion of the spermatozoa with the oocytes causes the release of calcium from the oocyte endoplasmatic reticulum. This, in turn, triggers a series of calcium ion (Ca2+) oscillations, a process known as oocyte activation. The sperm-specific factor responsible for oocyte activation is phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ). Men undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with their spermatozoa lacking PLCζ are incapable of generating Ca2+oscillation, leading to fertilization failure. The immunofluorescence assay is the most used technique to assess the expression and localization of PLCζ and to diagnose patients with reduced/absent ability to activate the oocytes. In these patients, the use of assisted oocyte activation (AOA) technique can help to yield successful ICSI results and shorten the time of pregnancy. However, the production of a stable PLCζ recombinant protein represents a new powerful therapeutic approach to treating individuals with this condition. We aim to conduct a systematic review focusing on the expression, level, and localization of PLCζ, discussing the novel genetic mutation associated with its impairment. In addition, we highlight the benefits of AOA, looking at new and less invasive methods to diagnose and treat cases with PLCζ dysfunction ability.
The Theoretical Dose That Exerts the Maximum Hormesis Effect Is 20 mSv When the Risk Is Approximately Proportional to Dose above 100 mSv.
Authors: Kino Katsuhito
Published: December 2023

To date, radiation adaptation response has been reported as a low-dose related phenomenon and has been associated with radiation hormesis. Well-known cancers are caused by non-radiation active reactants, in addition to radiation. A model of suppression for radiation-specific cancers was previously reported, but the model did not target radiation-nonspecific cancers. In this paper, we describe kinetic models of radiation-induced suppressors for general radiation non-specific cancers, estimating the dose that induces the maximum hormesis effect while satisfying the condition that the risk is approximately proportional to dose above 100 mSv. It was found that the radiation hormesis effect is maximal at about 20 mSv when the rate constant for generation is the same as the rate constant for decomposition. When the two rate constants are different, the dose at which the radiation hormesis effect is maximized depends on both rate constants, but the dose increases as the two rate constants approach each other, reaching a maximum of about 20 mSv. This conclusion may lead to the discovery of unknown cancer suppressors at low doses and the development of cancer suppression methods in the future.
Investigating the Efficacy of Kidney-Protective Lactobacillus Mixture-Containing pet Treats in Feline Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Possible Mechanism
Authors: Tsai Ching-Wen , Huang Hsiao-Wen , Lee Ya-Jane , Hsu Tsu-Cheng , Chen Ming-Ju
Published: December 2023

Microbiota-based strategies are a novel auxiliary therapeutic and preventative way of moderating chronic kidney disease. Lactobacillus mixture (Lm) was previously demonstrated to exert a renal-protective function in the CKD mice model. The efficacy of probiotics in pet foods is a relatively new area of study, and thus verifying the potential health benefits is necessary. This study evaluated the efficacy of Lm treats in feline CKD and elucidated the mechanisms underlying host-microbe interactions. CKD cats (2 and 3 stages) were administrated probiotic pet treats daily (10 g) for 8 weeks. The results demonstrated that during the eight weeks of Lm administration, creatinine was reduced or maintained in all cats with CKD. Similarly, gut-derived uremic toxins (GDUT), IS, and TMAO were significantly downregulated in the serum (confidence intervals = 90%). The life quality of the cats also improved. Feline gut microbiome data, KEGG pathway, and renal function indicator analyses revealed the possible mechanisms involved in modulating CKD feline microbial composition. Further regulation of the microbial functions in amino acid metabolism after Lm administration contributed to downregulating deleterious IS, PCS, and TMAO. The current study provides potential adjuvant therapeutic insights into probiotic pet foods or treats for pets with CKD.
Shared Protentions in Multi-Agent Active Inference
Authors: Albarracin Mahault , Pitliya Riddhi Jain , St. Clere Smithe Toby Benedict , Friedman Daniel Ari , Friston Karl , Ramstead Maxwell J. D.
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we unite concepts from Husserlian phenomenology, the active inference framework in theoretical biology, and category theory in mathematics to develop a comprehensive framework for understanding social action premised on shared goals. We begin with an overview of Husserlian phenomenology, focusing on aspects of inner time consciousness, namely, retention, primal impression, and protention. We then review active inference as a formal approach to modeling agent behavior, based on variational (approximate Bayesian) inference. Expanding upon Husserl’s model of time consciousness, we consider collective goal-directed behavior, emphasizing shared protentions among agents and their connection to the shared generative models of active inference. This integrated framework aims to formalize shared goals in terms of shared protentions, and to thereby shed light on the emergence of group intentionality. Building on this foundation, we incorporate mathematical tools from category theory; particularly, sheaf and topos theory, to furnish a mathematical image of individual and group interactions within a stochastic environment. Specifically, we employ morphisms between polynomial representations of individual agent models, allowing predictions not only of their own behaviors but also those of other agents and environmental responses. Sheaf and topos theory facilitate the construction of coherent agent worldviews and provides a way of representing consensus or shared understanding. We explore the emergence of shared protentions, bridging the phenomenology of temporal structure, multi-agent active inference systems, and category theory. Shared protentions are highlighted as pivotal for coordination and achieving common objectives. We conclude by acknowledging the intricacies stemming from stochastic systems and uncertainties in realizing shared goals.
C-arm Free Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Discectomy: A Technical Note
Authors: Xiang Hongfei , Latka Kajetan , Maste Praful , Tanaka Masato , Kumawat Chetan , Arataki Shinya , Fujiwara Yoshihiro , Taoka Takuya , Miyamoto Akiyoshi
Published: December 2023

Study design :Technical note. Objectives : To present a new unilateral biportal endoscopic technique for lumbar disc herniation without C-arm . Background : Lumbar disc herniation requires surgical intervention when conservative methods fail. Shifts towards minimally invasive percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy, including uniportal and biportal approaches, have been hindered by challenges such as steep learning curves and reliance on radiation-intensive C-arm guidance. Our study introduces the use of standard intraoperative navigation in unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) to reduce radiation exposure and increase surgical acuracy. Materials and Methods : A 24-year-old man with low back and bilateral leg pain with gait disturbance was referred to our hospital. He had have conservative treatment for 12 months in another hospital before admission. However, the conservative treatment did not work for him. He had low back pain (VAS 4/10) and bilateral leg pain (VAS 8/10), muscle waekness of bilateral legs (Manual muscle testing ;MMT of extensor hullusis longs 4 4), and numbness of bilateral lower leg. Preoperative lumbar MRI showed L4/5 large central disc herniation. Results: He underwent C-arm free unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy under the guidance of O-arm navigation. The patient was successfully treated surgically. Postoperative lumbar MRI showed good decompression of dural sac and bilateral L5 nerve roots. MMT and sensory function of both leg had recovered fully on final follow-up at one year. Conclusions/Level of Evidence: The new unilateral biportal endoscopic technique under navigation guidance is useful technique for lumbar disc herniation. This innovative technique proved to be safe, accurate, and minimized radiation exposure for surgeons for the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. Level V.
The Impact of Climate Change on Groundwater and Crop Yield in Asia: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Santhosh Anandhi , Prabhakaran Sujatha , Veeraswamy Davamani , Srinivasulu Asadi , Lal Alvin , Naidu Ravi
Published: December 2023

The effect of climate change plays a significant role on groundwater level variations and crop yield. The change in climate leading to increased temperatures, decreased rainfalls and extreme drought conditions ultimately cause low groundwater level and crop yield. Judicious groundwater management technology viz., water recharge options, need based irrigation, crop selection, must be adapted for further increasing the water table level in soil ecosystem. Additionally, climate change impacts combined with changes in agricultural water use can affect groundwater dynamics. Increased irrigation demand and decreased summer precipitation can lower groundwater levels, impacting crop production. Overall, climate change affects both groundwater resources and crop yield highlighting the need for sustainable water management practices and consideration of soil properties in agricultural modelling. The authors carefully selected relevant research articles addressing the impact of climate change on ground water level in Asian countries. The review highlights the use of machine learning method to ground water level and crop yield modelling. According to the study, machine learning techniques have made significant contributions to predicting groundwater level changes and crop yield with higher accuracies, high performance and less running time.
Populus euphratica Glycine-Rich RNA-Binding Protein 2 Interacts with Target mRNAs to Negatively Regulate Salt Tolerance in Poplar
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Jian , Yao Jun , Liang Shan , Ma Siyuan , Yin Kexin , Zhang Ying , Liu Zhe , Yan Caixia , Zhao Nan , Zhou Xiaoyang , Zhao Rui , Chen Shaoliang
Published: December 2023

Transcription of glycine-rich RNA-binding protein 2 (PeGRP2) transiently increased in root and shoot of Populus euphratica (salt-resistant poplar) upon initial salt exposure and tended to decrease after long-term NaCl stress (100 mM, 12 days). PeGRP2 overexpression in the hybrid Populus tremula × P. alba ‘717-1B4’ (P. × canescens) increased salt sensitivity, which was reflected in plant growth and photosynthesis. PeGRP2 contains a conserved RNA recognition motif domain at the N-terminus, and RNA affinity purification (RAP) sequencing was developed to enrich target mRNAs that physically interact with PeGRP2 in P. × canescens. RAP sequencing combined with RT-qPCR revealed that NaCl decreased the transcripts of PeGRP2-interacting mRNAs encoding photosynthetic proteins, antioxidative enzymes, ATPases, and Na+/H+ antiporters in transgenic poplar. Particularly, PeGRP2 negatively affected the stability of target mRNAs encoding photosynthetic proteins (PETC and RBCMT), antioxidant enzymes (SOD[Mn], CDSP32 and CYB1-2), ATPases (AHA11, ACA8 and ACA9), and Na+/H+ antiporter (NHA1). This resulted in (i) a greater reduction in Fv/Fm, YII, ETR and Pn, (ii) a less pronounced salt activation of antioxidative enzymes, and (iii) a reduced ability to maintain Na+ homeostasis in transgenic poplars during long-term salt stress, leading to a lowered ability to tolerate salinity stress.
Azithromycin Augments Bacterial Uptake and Anti-inflammatory Macrophage Polarization in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Tarique Abdullah A , Tuladhar Neeraj , Kelk Dean , Begum Nelufa , Lucas Richard M , Luo Lin , Stow Jennifer , Wainwright Claire , Bell Scott , Sly Peter D. , Fantino Emmanuelle
Published: December 2023

Background.
Azithromycin (AZM) is widely used in cystic fibrosis (CF) treatment following clinical trials demonstrating improved lung function and fewer pulmonary exacerbations. While the precise mechanisms remain elusive, immunomodulatory actions are thought to be involved. We previously reported impaired phagocytosis and defective anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization in CF macrophages. This study systematically analyzed the effect of AZM on the functions of unpolarized and M1/M2 polarized macrophages in CF.
Methods:
Monocytes, isolated from the venous blood of patients with CF (pwCF) and healthy controls (HCs) were differentiated into monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and infected with P. aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa uptake and killing by MDMs in the presence or absence of AZM was studied. M1 and M2 macrophage polarizations were induced and their functions and cytokine release were analyzed.
Results:
Following AZM treatment, both HC and CF MDMs exhibited a significant increase in P. aeruginosa uptake and killing, however, lysosomal acidification remained unchanged. AZM treatment led to higher activation of ERK1/2 in both HC and CF MDMs. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 using U0126 significantly reduced P. aeruginosa uptake in HC MDMs. M1 macrophage polarization remained unaffected, however, AZM treatment led to increased IL-6 and IL-10 release in both HC and CF M1 macrophages. AZM also significantly increased the phagocytic index for both pHrodo E. coli and S. aureus in CF M1 macrophages. In CF, AZM treatment promoted anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization, with an increased percentage of CD209+ M2 macrophages, induction of the M2 gene CCL18, along with its secretion in the culture supernatant. However, AZM did not restore endocytosis in CF, another essential feature of M2 macrophages.
Conclusions:
This study highlights the cellular functions and molecular targets of AZM which may involve improved uptake of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, restored anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization in CF. This may in turn shape the reduced lung inflammation observed in clinical trials. In addition, we confirmed the role of ERK1/2 activation for bacterial uptake.
Geological and Geochemical Characterization of Variscan Pegmatites in the Sidi Bou Othmane District, Central Jebilet Province, Morocco: Insights about Their Potential as a Source of Raw Materials
Authors: Wafik Amina , Aouad Nouamane El , Daafi Youssef , Morsli Yousra , Chniouar Marouane , Punturo Rosalda , Conte Aida Maria , Guglietta Daniela , Aba Sidi Wissale
Published: December 2023

The Sidi Bou Othmane (SBO) pegmatite district is in the Central Jebilet massif, Occidental Meseta domain, Morocco. The SBO district is hosted essentially in a volcano-sedimentary series composed of the Late-Devonian Sarhlef shales. Pegmatite bodies crop out as dykes, which are oriented from N-S to E-W and are generally variably deformed with ductile and/or brittle structures with ante, syn- or post kinematic criteria. Petrographic observations of pegmatite dykes show that feldspars (i.e., albite, microcline) are the most abundant mineral phases, followed by quartz, micas, with tourmaline and accessory mineral as garnet, and zircon and secondary minerals as clinochlore, sericite, and illite. The geochemical study indicates that, according to the major pegmatite elements dykes of SBO have mainly a S-type granitic composition and are peraluminous granite with calc-alkalic affinity. The study of trace elements pointed out that SBO pegmatite formed under post-orogenic syn-collision context during the Variscan orogeny, by the partial melting of argilliferous sediment and can be ascribed to the muscovite-bearing pegmatite; moreover, they have a good potential on ceramic and contain minerals, such as feldspar, recently assessed as Critical raw materials by European Union.
Role of Imaging in Renal Infections: A Narrative Review
Authors: Siriwardana Shirom , Piyabani Chamathka
Published: December 2023

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in community and hospital settings. Infections of the urinary system can range from pyelonephritis to urethritis. Acute renal infections encompass entities such as acute pyelonephritis, acute focal bacterial nephritis, renal and perinephric abscesses, emphysematous pyelonephritis, and pyonephrosis,while xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a chronic granulomatous inflammatory condition that affects the kidneys. The diagnosis of UTIs predominantly relies on clinical assessment and confirmation through abnormal laboratory results. Therefore, routine medical imaging is typically reserved for complicated cases, aiming to identify contributing factors such as renal calculi, determine the type of infection, and evaluate the extent of the infection and its associated complications. Furthermore, imaging has become crucial for radiologists during interventional procedures in the treatment of pyonephrosis and renal abscesses. Traditional imaging tools, like abdominal X-rays, are vital for identifying renal calculi and gas shadows in emphysematous pyelonephritis, while ultrasonography emerges as an excellent modality for assessing urinary infections in emergency scenarios, pregnancy, and paediatric cases. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) or non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) is the imaging method of choice in the most complex situations, allowing for precise assessment of the disease burden. Current MRI sequences yield promising results in specific scenarios, such as pregnancy and paediatric subjects, where minimising radiation exposure is a concern. This article focuses on elucidating the essential radiological modalities and their distinctive features in the context of renal infections, offering valuable guidance to microbiologists and physicians.
Solvent Extraction with Cyanex 923 to Remove Arsenic(V) from Solutions
Authors: Alguacil Francisco José , Escudero Esther , Robla José Ignacio
Published: December 2023

The removal of harmful arsenic(V) from aqueous solutions using Cyanex 923 (solvation extractant) was investigated under various experimental variables: equilibration time, acidity of the aqueous phase, temperature, extractant and arsenic concentrations, and O/A ratio. Cyanex 923 extracted As(V) (and sulphuric acid) from acidic solutions, thus, its use to remove the metal from slightly acid or neutral solutions it is not possible. Extraction of arsenic is exothermic, and responded to the formation of H3AsO4·nL species in the organic phase (L represented the extractant and the stoichiometric factor n: 1 or 2, depends on the acidity of the aqueous phase). Extraction isotherms are derived from experimental results. Both arsenic and sulphuric acid loaded onto the organic phase can be stripped with water, and stripping isotherms are also derived from the experimental results. The selectivity of the system against the presence of other metals (Cu(II), Ni(II), Bi(III), Sb(III)) are investigated, and also it is investigated the ability of Cyanex 923 to extract As(V) and sulphuric acid against the use of other P=O based solvation reagents, such dibutyl butylphosphonate (DBBP) and tri-butyl phosphate (TBP).
Cytomegalovirus and Pregnancy: Update Review on the Current Evidence
Authors: Pontes Karina Felippe Monezi , Araujo Júnior Edward , Nardozza Luciano Marcondes Machado , Peixoto Alberto Borges , Werner Heron , Tonni Gabriele , Granese Roberta
Published: December 2023

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common congenital infection worldwide, affecting between 0.7% and 1% of all live births. Approximately 11% of infected newborns are symptomatic at birth, and between 30% and 40% of these are at risk of developing long-term neurological sequelae. Until recently, the lack of an effective treatment did not justify universal testing of pregnant women. In recent years, however, valacyclovir at a dose of 8 g/day has been shown to be effective in preventing vertical transmission, and ganciclovir has been shown to be effective in preventing long-term sequelae in the treatment of symptomatic neonates. The aim of this article is to review congenital CMV infection, from its epidemiology to its treatment, using the most recent studies in the literature, and to help in the decision to modify protocols for universal testing of pregnant women according to the possibilities of each locality.
Hydrogenated Water: Extra Healthy or a Hoax?: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dhillon Gagandeep , Buddhavarapu Venkata , Grewal Harpreet , Sharma Pranjal , Verma Ram Kishun , Munjal Ripudaman , Ramprakash Devadoss Ramprakash , Kashyap Rahul
Published: December 2023

Hydrogenated water has emerged as a novel approach in the field of health and wellness. It is be-lieved to have potent antioxidant properties that can neutralize harmful free radicals in the hu-man body. It has also been shown to be beneficial in mitigating oxidative stress-induced damage through its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways. We aim to conduct a systematic re-view to evaluate the potential benefits of hydrogenated water. The review protocol was uploaded on PROSPERO. After the initial search criteria, the articles were reviewed by two blinded inves-tigators, and a total of 25 articles were included in the systematic review. The potential benefits of hydrogenated water on various aspects of health, including exercise capacity, physical endurance, liver function, cardiovascular disease, mental health, COVID-19, oxidative stress, and anti-aging research, are a subject of growing interest and ongoing research. Although preliminary results in clinical trials and studies are encouraging, further research with larger sample sizes and rigor-ous methodologies is needed to substantiate these findings. Current research needs to fully ex-plain the mechanisms behind the potential benefits of hydrogenated water. Continued scientific exploration will provide valuable insights into the potential of hydrogenated water as an adjunc-tive therapeutic approach in the future.
Distributed Swarm Trajectory Planning for Autonomous Surface Vehicles in Complex Sea Environments
Authors: Wang Anqing , Li Longwei , Wang Haoliang , Han Bing , Peng Zhouhua
Published: December 2023

In this paper, a swarm trajectory planning method is proposed for multiple autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs) in an unknown and obstacle-rich environment. Specifically, based on the point cloud information of the surrounding environment obtained from local sensors, a kinodynamic path searching method is used to generate a series of waypoints in the discretized control space at first. Next, after fitting B-spline curves to the obtained waypoints, a nonlinear optimization problem is formulated to optimize the B-spline curves based on gradient-based local planning. Finally, a numerical optimization method is used to solve the optimization problems in real-time to obtain collision-free, smooth and dynamically feasible trajectories relying on a shared network. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed swarm trajectory planning method for a network of ASVs.
Optimizing Carbon Capture Efficiency in Coal-Fired Power Plant Using Pinch Assessment Techniques for Clean and Sustainable Energy Production
Authors: JOHNSON NNADIKWE , GABRIEL SALAS BALSECA , OKURE UNYIME ENOBONG , POOJA PARMAR
Published: December 2023

Our research endeavors to significantly improve the efficiency of carbon capture in coal-fired power plants through the strategic application of pinch assessment techniques. By leveraging these advanced methodologies, we aim to optimize the carbon capture process, leading to cleaner and more sustainable energy production. Through this groundbreaking study, we hope to contribute towards mitigating the environmental impact associated with coal-fired power generation and foster a greener future.,Our intensive investigation focuses on the optimization of heat exchanger systems to minimize the energy penalty involved in integrating solvents-based post-combustion carbon capture processes into a 600MW pulverized black coal-fired power plant. By strategically optimizing these systems, our objective is to achieve a remarkable breakthrough in clean and sustainable energy production. We aim to maximize the efficiency of carbon capture while effectively reducing the environmental impact associated with coal-fired power generation. Through this pioneering research, we aspire to accelerate the transition towards a more eco-friendly and efficient energy landscape.,Through the integration of a baseline scenario and post-combustion carbon capture (PCC), our groundbreaking findings reveal that the attainment of a remarkable 90% carbon dioxide collection with an impressive purity of 97%, utilizing a 30% MEA solvent, incurs an energy premium of 17.6% to the overall power plant production. It is worth noting, however, that this calculation does not yet account for the additional energy penalty imposed by carbon dioxide compression. Our research delves into this crucial aspect to further refine the evaluation of energy efficiency in carbon capture processes. By considering the comprehensive energy penalty, we aspire to develop an optimized approach that ensures clean and sustainable energy production while effectively mitigating the environmental impact.,Through the effective application of heat integration and our meticulous pinch investigation, we have successfully achieved a remarkable 12.3% reduction in the energy penalty associated with post-combustion carbon capture. Moreover, our comprehensive analysis has unveiled the potential to decrease the power plant's chilled water requirement by an impressive 55% when compared to the initial model. These optimization measures not only contribute to a more efficient and sustainable energy production process, but also lead to significant cost savings and a minimized environmental impact. By implementing these findings, we can pave the way towards a greener and more economically viable future
Importance of STEM and STEAM Education for Improvement of the Land in the RURAL Environment: Examples in Latin America
Authors: STARKIE ELISA ISABEL GAVARI , Gutiérrez Patricia-Teresa Espinosa , Baquero Cristina Lucini , Huguet Josep pastrana
Published: December 2023

Interdisciplinary STEM and STEAM education give us an opportunity for creativity and educational innovation in a world scenario that needs training in which students can achieve all educational objectives and are prepared to achieve sustainable development. The rural environment with its land is a scenario that provides us with a range of educational resources for the development of STEM and STEAM projects in which students who are better trained and prepared for the needs of today's world are developed, as well as students who are more linked and sensitized to the environment, with the rural environment and its land, so important in our time.  In this article, we will collect examples from Latin America; STEM projects are being developed in which young people establish links with their environment, territory, and the local environment surrounding them. We must look carefully at projects and works in which students' ties with their land and environment are valued through the STEM and STEAM education necessary today. In this scenario, a comparison has been made between Latin American countries and Spain.
The Perspectives of Key Stakeholders on the Reintroduction of Apex Predators to the United Kingdom.
Authors: Wilson Shannon , Campera Marco
Published: December 2023

Apex predators were extirpated from the UK hundreds of years ago. Practitioners have recently advocated for reintroductions of predators in the UK given their role as keystone species. For a reintroduction to take place, a survey of public desirability needs to be conducted. We aimed to understand the perspectives of people across the United Kingdom on the reintroduction of Eurasian lynxes, grey wolves, and brown bears. We collected data via questionnaires from 78 key stakeholders, such as farmers, general public, nature conservationists, and those in environmental sectors, with these areas being seen as the most affected by these reintroductions. It was organizations which front these stakeholder groups which mainly distributed the survey, as well as social media groups. We ran a path analysis, which highlighted that there was a negative correlation between respondents viewing the species as a danger towards livestock and humans, and the respondent seeing it being good to have that species in their region. Overall, participants who stated that rewilding their region was a priority also stated that it would be good to have Eurasian lynx in their region. That said, 70% of farmers strongly disagreed with the reintroduction of Eurasian lynx. These findings showed that much of the United Kingdom would welcome the reintroduction of Eurasian lynx, but both farmers and the public would fear the loss of livestock that may come along with these species. Support can be gained through education and knowledge, a necessary step needed especially targeting farmers before any reintroduction plans can be made.
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence to Predict Health Belief Model and COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Using Survey Text from US Nurses
Authors: Omranian Samaneh , Khoddam Alireza , Campos-Castillo Celeste , Fouladvand Sajjad , McRoy Susan , Rich-Edwards Janet
Published: December 2023

We investigated how Artificial Intelligence (AI) reveals factors shaping COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among healthcare providers by examining their open-text comments. We conducted a longitudinal survey starting in spring of 2020 with 38,788 current and former female nurses in three national cohorts to assess how the pandemic has affected their livelihood. In January and March-April 2021 surveys, participants were invited to contribute open-text comments and answer specific questions about COVID-19 vaccine uptake. A closed-ended question in the survey identified vaccine-hesitant (VH) participants who either had no intention or were unsure of receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. We collected 1,970 comments from VH participants and trained two Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to identify behavioral factors related to VH. The first predictive model classified each comment into one of three Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs (barriers, severity, and susceptibility) related to adopting disease prevention activities. The second predictive model used the words in January comments to predict the vaccine status of VH in March-April 2021; vaccine status was correctly predicted 89% of the time. Our results showed that 35% of VH participants cited barriers, 17% severity, and 7% susceptibility to receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. Out of the HBM constructs, the VH participants citing a barrier, such as allergic reactions and side effects, had the most associated change in vaccine status from VH to later receiving a vaccine.