bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic functional connectivity changes associated with decreased memory performance in betel quid dependence
Authors: Guo Yihao , Xu Xiaoling , Li Tiansheng , Chen Huijuan , Wang Xiaoyi , Huang Weiyuan , Liu Tao , Kong Qingle , Chen Feng
Published: September 2023

The temporal variability of the dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) has been suggested as a useful metric for studying abnormal cognitive function. This study aimed to explore the associations between the temporal properties of dFC and memory performance in betel quid dependence (BQD). Sixty‐four BQD individuals and 47 gender‐ and age‐matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging and a series of neuropsychological assessments. The dFC was constructed by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficients within a sliding window and was clustered into three functional connectivity states using k‐means clustering. The dFC temporal properties derived from the cluster results were compared between the BQD and HC groups. The results showed that States 1 and 3 featured more frequent and weak connectivity, and State 2 featured less frequent and strong connectivity. There were significant differences for mean dwell time (MDT) in State 3 (p = 0.022) and fraction of time in State 2 (p = 0.018) between the BQD and HC groups. Pearson correlation analyses showed that the MDT in State 1 was negatively correlated with long delay free recall and short delay free recall, and the MDT in State 3 was positively correlated with false positive of long delay recall. Our findings provide strong evidence that MDT match the memory performance and suggest new insights into the pathophysiological mechanism of memory disorders in BQD individuals.
Exploring the figured worlds of mindfulness and teaching
Authors: Diamantis Sophia , Graue M. Elizabeth , Moss Evan , Flook Lisa
Published: September 2023

In the high‐pressure world of education, mindfulness practices have been offered to help teachers and students to handle stress and manage their emotions. Here we describe how two fifth‐grade teachers experienced a mindfulness intervention, using the construct of figured worlds. We explore how they negotiated mindfulness in their practice, illustrating the power of an anthropological look at a typically psychological construct.
Letter: colorectal cancer surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease—a call for systematic reform
Authors: Prentice Ralley E. , Hollingsworth Laura , Middleton Christopher , Wilson Jarrad
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Gordon et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16155
Editorial: use of intestinal ultrasound in the scoring of Crohn's disease activity in clinical trials—is it ready for prime time yet?
Authors: Abushamma Suha , Deepak Parakkal
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Goodsall et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16288 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16313
Pancolonic endoscopic and histologic evaluation for relapse prediction in patients with ulcerative colitis in clinical remission
Authors: Kaneshiro Miyuki , Takenaka Kento , Suzuki Kohei , Fujii Toshimitsu , Hibiya Shuji , Kawamoto Ami , Motobayashi Maiko , Shimizu Hiromichi , Nagahori Masakazu , Saito Eiko , Okamoto Ryuichi , Ohtsuka Kazuo , Watanabe Mamoru
Published: September 2023

Background

Mucosal healing is an important treatment target in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Aims

To explore the optimal colonoscopic strategy to determine the risk for clinical relapse in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Methods

We enrolled 325 consecutive patients with ulcerative colitis in clinical and biochemical remission from April 2018 to March 2019. Five colonic segments were endoscopically and histologically assessed systematically. For endoscopic evaluation, we used three different modes of the Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS): “original,” “worst affected,” and “pancolonic.” The Geboes score was used for histological evaluation. We prospectively followed up the patients and defined clinical relapse as the primary endpoint.

Results

Within 1 year after colonoscopy, 18.2% of patients experienced a clinical relapse. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed areas under the curve of 0.755, 0.817, and 0.852 for the “original,” “worst affected,” and “pancolonic” groups, respectively; hence, pancolonic UCEIS obtained the highest predictive value. Using the pancolonic UCEIS cutoff value of 3, Kaplan–Meier curve analysis showed that patients with endoscopic activity had a significantly lower relapse‐free rate than those with endoscopic remission (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated endoscopic (pancolonic UCEIS >3) and histological (Geboes >3.0) activities as independent risks for relapse (HR: 3.96 and 3.48, respectively). Combining pancolonic UCEIS ≤3 and Geboes score ≤3.0 to provide 1‐year relapse avoidance was 92.0% sensitive and 97.0% specific.

Conclusion

Evaluating disease remission by complete colonoscopy is relevant, and the combination of pancolonic endoscopic and histological evaluations may appropriately evaluate mucosal healing.
Effectiveness and safety of methotrexate monotherapy in patients with Crohn’s disease refractory to anti‐TNF‐α: results from the ENEIDA registry
Authors: Mesonero Francisco , Castro‐Poceiro Jesús , Benítez Jose M. , Camps Blau , Iborra Marisa , López‐García Alicia , Torres Paola , Esteve María , Tosca Joan , Bertoletti Federico , Almela Pedro , Calvet Xavier , Vera Isabel , Bujanda Luis , Gomollón Fernando , Rodríguez Cristina , Antolín Beatriz , Busquets David , Hernández Alejandro , Rivero Montserrat , Monfort i Miquel David , Castaño‐García Andrés , Gisbert Javier P. , Domènech Eugeni , López‐Sanromán Antonio ,   the ENEIDA Project of GETECCU
Published: September 2023

Background

Methotrexate can be used to maintain remission in Crohn's disease patients who are intolerant to thiopurines. Data on its use as monotherapy in other scenarios are limited.

Aim

To assess the effectiveness of methotrexate monotherapy in Crohn's disease patients after previous failure to anti‐tumour necrosis factor (anti‐TNFα) drugs.

Methods

A retrospective, observational multicentre study of data from the Spanish ENEIDA registry. Participants were patients with active Crohn's disease and previous failure to anti‐TNFα started on methotrexate monotherapy. Short‐term effectiveness was assessed at 12‐16 weeks based on Harvey‐Bradshaw index (HBI): clinical remission as HBI ≤ 3 points and clinical response as HBI drop of ≥ 3 points over baseline. Long‐term effectiveness was defined as steroid‐free methotrexate persistence from 12 to 16 weeks until maximum follow up. Adverse events were recorded.

Results

Data were compiled for 110 patients treated with methotrexate after a failed response to one (39%) or two (55.6%) anti‐TNFα agents. Short‐term clinical response and remission rates were 60% and 30.9% respectively. Of 74 patients who continued after week 16, long‐term effectiveness was achieved in 82% and 74% at 12 and 24 months respectively. In the multivariate analysis, non‐remission at short term (vs remission) was associated with long‐term failure (HR 2.58, 95%CI 1.95‐3.68, P = 0.028). Adverse events (evaluated in 100 patients) were recorded in 44%, and in 30.4% of these patients, they led to methotrexate discontinuation.

Conclusions

The benefits observed suggest methotrexate monotherapy could be a valid option in Crohn's disease patients with previous failure to anti‐TNFα.
An expert consensus to standardise clinical, endoscopic and histologic items and inclusion and outcome criteria for evaluation of pouchitis disease activity in clinical trials
Authors: Sedano Rocio , Ma Christopher , Pai Rish K. , D' Haens Geert , Guizzetti Leonardo , Shackelton Lisa M. , Remillard Julie , Gionchetti Paolo , Gordon Ilyssa O. , Holubar Stefan , Kayal Maia , Lauwers Gregory Y. , Pai Reetesh K. , Pardi Darrell S. , Samaan Mark A. , Schaeffer David F. , Shen Bo , Silverberg Mark S. , Feagan Brian G. , Sandborn William J. , Jairath Vipul
Published: September 2023

Background

Pouchitis is a condition with large unmet medical needs and no approved therapies. Lack of validated instruments to measure disease activity and treatment response is a major barrier to drug development.

Aim

To conduct a modified RAND/University of California Los Angeles appropriateness process to produce a standardised assessment of pouchitis disease activity in clinical trials.

Methods

A list of 164 items generated upon a systematic review and expert opinion were rated based on a 9‐point scale (appropriate, uncertain and inappropriate), by a panel including 16 gastroenterologists, surgeons and histopathologists.

Results

Items rated as appropriate to evaluate in pouchitis clinical trials were: (a) clinical: stool frequency and faecal urgency; (b) endoscopic: primary assessment in the pouch body according to the percentage of affected area (<50%, 50%‐75% and >75%), evaluation of the presence of ulcers/erosions according to size (erosions <5 mm, ulcers ≥5 mm to 2 cm and large ulcers >2 cm) and ulcerated area (<10%, 10%‐30% and >30%); (c) histologic: two biopsies from each segment, from the ulcer's edge when present, or endoscopically normal areas, assessment of lamina propria chronic inflammation, epithelial and lamina propria neutrophils, epithelial damage, erosions and ulcers; and (d) clinical trial inclusion/outcome criteria: minimum histologic disease activity for inclusion, a primary endpoint based on stool frequency and assessment of clinical, endoscopic and histologic response and remission. The overall majority of items surveyed (100/164) were rated ‘uncertain’.

Conclusion

We conducted a RAND/UCLA appropriateness process to help inform measurement of pouchitis disease activity within clinical trials and foster the development of novel therapies.
Menopausal hormone therapies and risk of colorectal cancer: a Swedish matched‐cohort study
Authors: Liu Qing , Simin Johanna , Debelius Justine , Fall Katja , Sadr‐Azodi Omid , Engstrand Lars , Williams Cecilia , Brusselaers Nele
Published: September 2023

Background

Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) has been associated with various malignancies.

Aims

To investigate the association of various MHT regimens with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods

All MHT ever‐users (n = 290 186) were included through the Swedish Prescribed Drug Registry, with a 1:3 group‐level matching to non‐users. Ever‐users were defined as women who received ≥1 dispensed prescription of systemic MHT during 2005‐2012 in Sweden. All CRC cases after drug initiation were extracted from the Swedish Cancer Registry. The association was assessed by multivariable conditional logistic and Cox regression models, presented as odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) considering different regimens, duration and age at treatment initiation.

Results

Compared with non‐users, MHT users had an overall reduced odds for colon (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.63‐0.72) and rectal adenocarcinoma (OR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.60‐0.73), especially among women aged 40‐60 years. Current users of oestrogen‐only preparations (E‐MHT) showed a reduced odds (colon OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.65‐0.82; rectal OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.64‐0.90) compared to non‐users, particularly with oestradiol and oestriol. Past E‐MHT use showed stronger odds reductions (colon OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.43‐0.56; rectal OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.28‐0.45). Current use of oestrogen combined progestin therapy (EP‐MHT) indicated a less prominent odds reduction (colon adenocarcinoma OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.54‐0.72; rectal adenocarcinoma OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.49‐0.74) than past users. Tibolone showed an increased risk of left‐sided colorectal adenocarcinoma. Oral and cutaneous MHT usage showed similar patterns.

Conclusions

MHT use may decrease colorectal adenocarcinoma risk, for both E‐MHT and EP‐MHT, and especially in past users.
Lung worm (Marsupostrongylus spp.) infection in common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)
Authors: Wai‐Shing SW , Sangster CR , Spielman D , Hemsley S
Published: September 2023

Marsupostrongylus spp. are the metastrongyloid nematodes most commonly associated with verminous pneumonia in Australian marsupials. Currently, there is a scarcity of information regarding this parasite in the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). Thirty‐four free‐living possums submitted to two wildlife hospitals in Sydney, Australia, between 2008 and 2015 were diagnosed with verminous pneumonia on postmortem examination. The majority of possums presented ill with multiple comorbidities. However, only five cases had clinical signs of respiratory disease. Necropsy and histopathology revealed extensive lung lesions characterised by diffuse, mixed interstitial infiltrates of macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells with mild to marked concentrations of eosinophils. Bronchopneumonia, pulmonary oedema, interstitial fibrosis, atelectasis and type II pneumocyte hyperplasia were also present in most cases. Adult nematodes, first‐stage larvae and embryonating eggs were present in the large airways and alveolar spaces. The parasites were definitively identified as Marsupostrongylus spp. in eight cases with presumptive diagnoses based on histopathological characteristics reached in a further 26 cases. Twenty‐nine of the 34 affected possums were adults with no sex predisposition. A review of the brushtail possum records at Taronga Wildlife Hospital from 1999 to 2015 revealed no lungworm infections were reported in the 45 possums examined before 2008. However, between 2008 and 2015, 30 of 47 possums (63.8%) examined were diagnosed with metastrongyloid lungworms. This case series is the first detailed report of Marsupostrongylus nematodes in common brushtail possums and highlights the clinical and pathological features, along with epidemiological findings.
Between Renewal and Stability: Party System Change from a Multi‐Level Perspective in Brazil (1998–2018)
Authors: Maia Jayane dos Santos , da Costa Pedro Bras Martins , Martins Thaís Cavalcante , Hebling Matheus Lucas
Published: September 2023

The growth of the far right and election results in Brazil are often associated with national or large‐scale events. The multi‐level features of these developments, namely party competition at the sub‐national level, are overlooked in the literature. This article argues that changes in the Brazilian national party system – those observed from Bolsonaro's election, mainly – are rooted in sub‐national political dynamics. Through a comparative and longitudinal analysis of multi‐level executive and legislative elections, we find that, although there are distinct patterns of competition between the national‐sub‐national and within‐country levels, this difference is not evident in volatility.
Export tax refund and the misreporting by Chinese exporters
Authors: Shi Xinzheng , Xu Zhufeng
Published: September 2023

We document how Chinese exporters misreport their exports to China's customs in order to benefit from export tax refunds. We estimate the response of the logarithmic difference between the exports reported in China's customs data and the imports reported in destination countries' customs data to export tax refund rates. We find that with an increase of 1 percentage point in export tax refund rates, the logarithmic difference increases by 0.051. Additionally, with an increase of 1 percentage point in the export tax refund rates of similar products, this gap decreases by 0.024. Further study reveals that quantity manipulation accounts for the majority of the export reporting distortion.
Association between adherence to Eat‐Lancet diet and incidence and mortality of lung cancer: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Xiao Yi , Peng Linglong , Xu Zhiquan , Tang Yunhao , He Hongmei , Gu Haitao , Wang Yaxu , Xiang Ling
Published: September 2023

Previous research has shown that adhering to the Eat‐Lancet diet (ELD) is associated with a lower risk of chronic diseases and mortality. However, the associations between ELD and lung cancer incidence and mortality are unclear. To address this gap, we conducted a prospective cohort study involving 101,755 adults from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) trial in the USA. The ELD score was utilized to assess compliance with the ELD, with higher scores indicating greater compliance. We employed Cox regression analyses to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of ELD score with the incidence and mortality of lung cancer and its subtypes. In addition, sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the robustness of our findings. In total, 1706 cases of lung cancer and 1217 lung cancer‐associated deaths were recorded during the study period. Our analysis revealed that higher ELD scores were significantly associated with a reduced incidence (HRQuartile 4 vs. Quartile 1: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.89; ptrend = 0.001) and mortality (HRQuartile 4 vs. Quartile 1: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.93; ptrend = 0.005) of lung cancer in a dose–response manner (all pnonlinearity > 0.05). The reliability of these results was supported by sensitivity analyses. Notably, these associations were primarily observed in non–small‐cell lung cancer. In conclusion, our findings suggest that adherence to the ELD may be associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer incidence and mortality.
Attentional bias for rejection and sad words in Chinese left‐behind children with depression
Authors: Peng Jiaxin , Li Jiamin , Zhang Yuqian , Liang Limin , Ye Guilin , Xiao Wen
Published: August 2023

Background

This study aimed to examine attentional bias (AB) for sad and social rejection words in Chinese left‐behind children (LBC) with depression.

Method

We investigated both stimulus specificity and components of AB in different groups using a cross‐sectional design. Data were drawn from a school assessment of depression and anxiety, from which we selected LBC with depression (n = 40), LBC without depression (n = 33), a control group with depression (n = 31), and a control group without depression (n = 37). AB was measured with a dot‐probe task covering two stimulus types (sad and rejection).

Results

The analysis of AB scores revealed a significant three‐way interaction (LBC × depression × word type), F(1, 137) = 4.00, p = 0.047, η2 = 0.028, with depressed non‐LBC exhibiting a significant depression × word type interaction, F(1, 66) = 4.67, p = 0.034, η2 = 0.066, while the depression × word type interaction was not significant in LBC, F(1, 71) = 0.18, p = 0.675, η2 = 0.002. Depressed children living with their parents showed AB towards sad words but not rejection words, while depressed LBC showed greater AB towards both rejection and sad words.

Conclusions

The findings provide evidence that an AB towards sad information is critically involved in the depressed LBC. Compared with non‐LBC depressed individuals, an AB for rejection may be involved as a risk factor in the LBC. It sheds light on the effective intervention programmes for LBC's depression and have important practical significance for reducing depression and improving the mental health of LBC.
Evaluation of alveolar ridge preservation in sockets with buccal dehiscence defects using two types of xenogeneic biomaterials: An in vivo experimental study
Authors: Han Hee‐seung , Lee Jung‐Tae , Oh Seunghan , Cho Young‐Dan , Kim Sungtae
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) has been extensively investigated in various preclinical and clinical studies, yielding favorable results. We aim to evaluate the effects of ARP using collagenated bovine bone mineral (CBBM) alone or particulated bovine bone mineral with a non‐cross‐linked collagen membrane (PBBM/NCLM) in tooth extraction sockets with buccal dehiscence in an experimental dog model.

Materials and Methods

The mesial roots of three mandibular premolars (P2, P3, and P4) were extracted from six mongrel dogs 4 weeks after inducing dehiscence defects. ARP was randomly performed using two different protocols: 1) CBBM alone and 2) PBBM/NCLM. Three‐dimensional (3D) volumetric, micro‐computed tomography, and histological analyses were employed to determine changes over a span of 20 weeks.

Results

In 3D volumetric and radiographic analyses, CBBM alone demonstrated similar effectiveness to PBBM/NCLM in ARP (p > .05). However, in the PBBM/NCLM group (3.05 ± 0.60 mm), the horizontal ridge width was well maintained 3 mm below the alveolar crest compared with the CBBM group (2.11 ± 1.01 mm, p = .002).

Conclusion

Although the radiographic changes in the quality and quantity of bone were not significant between the two groups, the use of PBBM/NCLM resulted in greater horizontal dimensions and more favorable maintenance of the ridge profile.
Reduced Implicit but not Explicit Knowledge of Cross‐Situational Statistical Learning in Developmental Dyslexia
Authors: Kligler Nitzan , Yu Chen , Gabay Yafit
Published: September 2023

Although statistical learning (SL) has been studied extensively in developmental dyslexia (DD), less attention has been paid to other fundamental challenges in language acquisition, such as cross‐situational word learning. Such investigation is important for determining whether and how SL processes are affected in DD at the word level. In this study, typically developed (TD) adults and young adults with DD were exposed to a set of trials that contained multiple spoken words and multiple pictures of individual objects, with no information about word‐referent correspondences provided within a trial. Nonetheless, cross‐trial statistical relations could be exploited to learn word‐referent mappings. The degree of within‐trial reference uncertainty and the novelty of to‐be‐learned objects (novel or familiar) were varied under different learning conditions. The results show that across all conditions, young adults with DD were significantly impaired in their ability to exploit cross‐trial regularities in co‐occurring visual–auditory streams to discover word‐referent mappings. Observed impairments were most pronounced when within‐trial reference uncertainty was the highest. Subjective measures of knowledge awareness revealed greater development of implicit but not explicit knowledge in the TD group than in the DD group. Together, these findings suggest that the SL deficit in DD affects fundamental language learning challenges at the word level and points to greater reliance on explicit processes due to impaired implicit associative learning among individuals with DD. Such a deficit is likely to influence spoken language acquisition, and in turn affect literacy skills, in people with DD.
Reasons for hospitalisation in youth with type 1 diabetes, 2010–2019
Authors: Tomic Dunya , Craig Maria E. , Magliano Dianna J. , Shaw Jonathan E.
Published: August 2023

Aims

To determine the incidence of hospitalisation for all diagnoses among Australian youth with type 1 diabetes.

Methods

We linked Australians aged under 20 years with type 1 diabetes on the National Diabetes Services Scheme (n = 45,685) to hospital admission data from 2010 to 2019. We determined relative risks (RR) of hospitalisation among those with type 1 diabetes in the states of Victoria and Queensland (n = 21,898) compared to the general population for 2010–2017 using Poisson regression.

Results

Australian youth with type 1 diabetes had increased risk for almost all reasons for hospitalisation compared to the general population, especially infections such as anogenital herpesviral infections (RR 54.83, 95% CI 33.21–90.53), and mental health disorders including personality disorders (RR 9.70, 95% CI 8.02–11.72). Among those with type 1 diabetes, over 60% of hospitalisations were directly related to diabetes, almost half of which were for ketoacidosis. Approximately 15% of ketoacidosis admissions occurred within 3 months of diabetes diagnosis. One quarter of those with admissions for ketoacidosis were readmitted for ketoacidosis within 12 months. Residence in areas of high socio‐economic disadvantage was an independent risk factor for admission and readmission for ketoacidosis.

Conclusions

Youth with type 1 diabetes are susceptible to a wide range of complications. Clinicians should consider screening and prevention for conditions such as infections and mental health disorders. Targeted support and education around glycaemic management should be considered in those at high risk for ketoacidosis admission including those living in areas of high socio‐economic disadvantage.
The performance of K6 as a screening tool for mood disorders: A population‐based study of the São Paulo metropolitan area
Authors: Bruzeguini Meirielli Vieira , Corassa Rafael Bello , Wang Yuan‐Pang , Andrade Laura Helena , Sarti Thiago Dias , Viana Maria Carmen
Published: September 2023

Aim

The use of screening instruments allows the detection of psychological and behavioural manifestations there are often not identified in users of health services. We evaluated the performance of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) in identifying mood disorders (MD), using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) as gold‐standard, in a population‐based sample (n = 5037) of adult residents of metropolitan São Paulo.

Methods

Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy were calculated to assess the performance of K6 in detecting 30‐day CIDI MD. All cut‐points for each disorder were analysed using the Youden index and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and the best cut‐points were identified. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to assess internal consistency.

Results

In total, 5.5% respondents screened positive for any MD (95% IC 4.84–6.14). A good detection performance was observed for all MD, with AUC values for any MD of 0.91 (95% IC 0.89–0.92), ranging from 0.80 (95% CI 0.71–0.98) for minor depression to 0.93 (95% CI 0.87–0.98) for bipolar I disorder. Best cut‐points for each MD were identified, with overall sensitivity and specificity of 88.8% and 80.2%, respectively. Cronbach's alpha was 0.83.

Conclusions

K6 is a good screening tool for MD in the Brazilian population. It is a brief and easy to use instrument that can promote the early identification and treatment of MD, reducing the burden of mental illness.
Retroperitoneoscopy of the presacral space in horses: Surgical access and anatomy
Authors: Meurice Antoine , Pujol Raymond , De Fourmestraux Claire , Coquillon Morgane , Tessier Caroline
Published: September 2023

Background

Surgical approaches to the equine rectum and perirectal area are described in the literature. However, surgeries in this region can be challenging.

Objective

To describe the surgical anatomy of the presacral space and to evaluate its access using a retroperitoneoscopic approach.

Study design

Ex vivo experiment.

Methods

Preliminary dissections were performed in two cadavers to define the boundaries of the presacral space and to determine portal locations for the surgical approach. After that, nine cadavers were used for experimental presacral retroperitoneoscopic procedure in a standing position. Following retroperitoneoscopy, cadavers were dissected to confirm the anatomical structures observed during the endoscopic procedures, to control the location of each portal and to record iatrogenic trauma.

Results

The presacral space was bordered by the vertebral column from the ventral aspect of lumbosacral promontorium to the first coccygeal vertebra dorsally and by the presacral fascia and peritoneum ventrally. Lateral limits were composed of the sacrosciatic ligament and transversalis fascia. Cranial and caudal borders were composed of the peritoneum and coccygeal and levator ani muscles respectively. Retroperitoneoscopic portals were placed between the external anal sphincter and semimembranosus muscles and between the base of the tail and the external anal sphincter muscle through the anococcygeal fascia to enter the space by its caudal border. The retroperitoneal space was reached in all cases and the dorsal and lateral aspects of the rectum were visualised after creation of a working space.

Main limitations

Use of cadaver specimens do not permit to evaluate the tolerance in living animals and the surgical complications such as rectal damage, haemorrhage and infection.

Conclusion

This study provides an anatomical description and surgical access of the presacral space with a minimal invasive approach. Retroperitoneoscopy allows access to the rectum and the dorsal aspect of the pelvis.
Motherhood or marriage penalty? A comparative perspective on employment and wage in East Asia and Western countries
Authors: Kang Ji Young , Lee Wonjin , Ham Sunyu , Wang Julia Shu‐Huah
Published: August 2023

Objective

This study examined cross‐national variations in marriage and motherhood penalties between Western and East Asian countries.

Background

Little is known about how and to what extent motherhood affects women's labor market outcomes in East Asia compared to Western welfare countries. We examine employment, wage, and labor income with regard to the motherhood penalty.

Method

We selected the five countries of Finland, Germany, South Korea, Taiwan, and the United States and applied probit and Heckman selection models using Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) Wave IX and Korean Labor and Income Panel Survey data.

Results

Variations between Western countries and East Asian welfare states are highlighted. Married mothers with children in East Asian countries are greatly disadvantaged in employment compared to those in Western countries. Having a child is associated with lower labor income and wages by 2.9% to 4.5% across the countries, but we do not find a significant association in Germany and Korea.

Conclusion

Women experience various dimensions of motherhood penalties across countries. East Asian women are more likely to face both marriage and motherhood penalties than others.

Implication

Marriage and motherhood in East Asian countries should be understood differently from those in Western contexts. Marriage and motherhood are life events that are associated with women's employment decisions and work opportunities in East Asian countries.
A life prediction model for rolling contact fatigue based on the improved moment of load path method
Authors: Zhao Yue , Wang Xi , Sun Shouguang
Published: September 2023

An improved moment of load path model for rolling contact fatigue life prediction is proposed in this paper. First, the complex multiaxial stress variation of the subsurface materials under rolling contact conditions was analyzed by the finite element method. Next, the equivalent stress parameter was presented to characterize the complex stress state based on the improved moment of load path method. The key concept of the proposed method is building a new coordinate system for analyzing the load path of the complex multiaxial stress state. The efficiency of the proposed model was validated with different kinds of fatigue test results in the existing literature. The model results show a good agreement with the test data. Finally, the model was used to obtain the relationship of the Hertz stress versus fatigue life under rolling contact conditions according to the fatigue life data.
Transient demographic dynamics of recovering fish populations shaped by past climate variability, harvest, and management
Authors: Goto Daisuke
Published: September 2023

Large‐scale commercial harvesting and climate‐induced fluctuations in ocean properties shape the dynamics of marine populations as interdependent drivers at varied timescales. Persistent selective removals of larger, older members of a population can distort its demographic structure, eroding resilience to fluctuations in habitat conditions and thus amplifying volatility in transient dynamics. Many historically depleted marine fish stocks have begun showing signs of recovery in recent decades following the implementation of stricter management measures. But these interventions coincide with accelerated changes in the oceans triggered by increasingly warmer, more variable climates. Applying multilevel models to annual estimates of demographic metrics of 38 stocks comprising 11 species across seven northeast Atlantic ecoregions, this study explores how time‐varying local and regional climates contributed to the transient dynamics of recovering populations exposed to variable fishing pressures moderated by management actions. Analyses reveal that progressive reductions in fishing pressure and shifting climate conditions discontinuously shaped rebuilding patterns of the stocks through restorations of maternal demographic structure (reversing age truncation) and reproductive capacity. As the survival rate and demographic structure of reproductive fish improved, transient growth became less sensitive to variability in recruitment and juvenile survival and more to that in adult survival. As the biomass of reproductive fish rose, recruitment success also became increasingly regulated by density‐dependent processes involving higher numbers of older fish. When reductions in fishing pressure were insufficient or delayed, however, stocks became further depleted, with more eroded demographic structures. Although warmer local climates in spawning seasons promoted recruitment success in some ecoregions, changing climates in recent decades began adversely affecting reproductive performances overall, amplifying sensitivities to recruitment variability. These shared patterns underscore the value of demographic transients in developing robust strategies for managing marine resources. Such strategies could form the foundation for effective applications of adaptive measures resilient to future environmental change.
Safety and efficacy of ubrogepant for the acute treatment of perimenstrual migraine attacks: A post hoc analysis
Authors: MacGregor E. Anne , Hutchinson Susan , Lai Hongxin , Dabruzzo Brett , Yu Sung Yun , Trugman Joel M. , Ailani Jessica
Published: September 2023

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ubrogepant for the acute treatment of perimenstrual migraine (pmM) attacks.

Background

Ubrogepant is an oral calcitonin gene‐related peptide receptor antagonist approved for the acute treatment of migraine in adults.

Methods

After completing one of two phase 3 trials, participants could enroll in a phase 3, 52‐week, open‐label, long‐term safety extension trial and were re‐randomized 1:1:1 to usual care, ubrogepant 50 mg, or ubrogepant 100 mg. This post hoc analysis evaluated the efficacy of ubrogepant in a subset of women who treated ≥1 pmM or non‐pmM attack with ubrogepant. A pmM attack started on or between 2 days before and the first 3 days of menstrual bleeding. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) percentages of ubrogepant‐treated attacks achieving 2‐h pain freedom and pain relief were reported, with outcomes weighted equally by participant.

Results

Of 734 women in the modified intent‐to‐treat population, 354 reported ≥1 menstrual cycle start date and a ubrogepant‐treated headache day in the same month. A qualifying pmM and non‐pmM attack was reported by 278 and 716 women, respectively. Pain freedom at 2 h was achieved in a mean (SD) of 28.7% (37.4) of pmM attacks and 22.1% (26.9) of non‐pmM attacks treated with ubrogepant 50 mg (p = 0.054) and 29.7% (35.2) versus 25.3% (26.3) of attacks treated with ubrogepant 100 mg (p = 0.757). No difference was found in the mean percentage of ubrogepant‐treated pmM and non‐pmM attacks that achieved 2‐h pain relief with ubrogepant 50 mg (64.8% [39.9] vs. 65.2% [32.4]; p = 0.683) and with 100 mg (67.1% [37.4] vs. 68.4% [30.2]; p = 0.273). Treatment‐related treatment‐emergent adverse events were reported by 8.8% (12/137) and 12.8% (18/141) in the ubrogepant 50 and 100 mg pmM subgroups, respectively.

Conclusions

Ubrogepant demonstrated similar efficacy for the treatment of pmM and non‐pmM attacks. No new safety signals were identified.
Resting‐state electroencephalography microstate dynamics altered in patients with migraine with and without aura—A pilot study
Authors: Lei Xiangyu , Wei Meng , Wang Liang , Liu Chenyu , Liu Qin , Wu Xiaoyu , Wang Qingfan , Sun Xinyue , Luo Guogang , Qi Yi
Published: September 2023

Objective

To evaluate electroencephalography (EEG) microstate differences between patients with migraine with aura (MWA), patients with migraine without aura (MWoA), and healthy controls (HC).

Background

Previous research employing microstate analysis found unique microstate alterations in patients with MWoA; however, it is uncertain how microstates appear in patients with MWA.

Methods

This study was conducted at the Headache Clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. In total, 30 patients with MWA, 30 with MWoA, and 30 HC were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. An EEG was recorded for all participants under resting state. The microstate parameters of four widely recognized microstate classes A–D were calculated and compared across the three groups.

Results

The occurrence of microstate B (MsB) in the MWoA group was significantly higher than in the HC (p = 0.006, Cohen's d = 0.72) and MWA (p = 0.016, Cohen's d = 0.57) groups, while the contribution of MsB was significantly increased in the MWoA group compared to the HC group (p = 0.016, Cohen's d = 0.64). Microstate A (MsA) displayed a longer duration in the MWA group compared to the MWoA group (p = 0.007, Cohen's d = 0.69). Furthermore, the transition probability between MsB and microstate D was significantly increased in the MWoA group compared to the HC group (p = 0.009, Cohen's d = 0.68 for B to D; p = 0.007, Cohen's d = 0.71 for D to B). Finally, the occurrence and contribution of MsB were positively related to headache characteristics in the MWoA group but negatively in the MWA group, whereas the duration of MsA was positively related to the visual analog scale in the MWA group (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Patients with MWA and MWoA have altered microstate dynamics, indicating that resting‐state brain network disorders may play a role in migraine pathogenesis. Microstate parameters may have the potential to aid clinical management, which needs to be investigated further.
No evidence of asymptomatic monkeypox infection in a highly sexually active MSM population in Austria
Authors: Grabmeier‐Pfistershammer Katharina , Skorepa Christopher , Breuer Monika , Masood Maheen , Chromy David , Strassl Robert
Published: September 2023

Background

The 2022 outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV) revealed new transmission routes. Incidence declined sharply in September 2022, and it remains unclear whether MPXV is circulating in asymptomatic individuals because of increased immunity.

Objectives

Our study aimed to assesss the number of asymtomatic MPXV carriers in individuals at high risk for STI.

Methods

We analysed anal samples from asymptomatic highly sexually active men who have sex with men for the presence of MPXV.

Results

We detected a high number of concomitant sexually transmitted infections but did not find a single sample with MPXV.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that the general recommendation to implement screening for MPXV is not currently justified.
Extraction of bioactive compounds from Rubus idaeus waste by maceration and supercritical fluids extraction: the recovery of high added‐value compounds
Authors: Velarde‐Salcedo Aida Jimena , De León‐Rodríguez Antonio , Calva‐Cruz Oscar J. , Balderas‐Hernández Víctor E. , De Anda Torres Sara , Barba‐de la Rosa Ana P.
Published: September 2023

High amounts of raspberries are wasted every year, which are rich source of bioactive compounds. Thus, raspberry waste was used to obtain the essential oil by maceration and the oleoresin by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Higher amounts of total phenolics (185 mg GAE g−1) and flavonoids (11.0 mg QE g−1) were obtained in oleoresins than in essential oil (131 mg GAE g−1 and 9.0 mg QE g−1, respectively). DPPH radical scavenging was 1350 μm TE g−1 for oleoresins and 890 μm TE g−1 for essential oil. SFE allowed the extraction of compounds not reported before in red raspberry such as a pinocembrin and farnesol. Oleoresin at 20 μg mL−1 induced a decrease in lipid accumulation during the 3T3‐L1 cell differentiation process, but no after cells were differentiated. Red raspberry waste is an important source of bioactives that can be extracted using green technologies to generate high commercial value by‐products.
Selected physicochemical properties of rice flour, modified tapioca starch, and their mixtures after a limewater soaking treatment
Authors: Pedcharat Kasarin , Jangchud Kamolwan , Jangchud Anuvat , Harnsilawat Thepkunya , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon
Published: September 2023

Effects of a saturated limewater soaking treatment on physicochemical properties of Khao Dawk Mali 105 rice flour (KDML105), rice flour, modified tapioca starch (MTS), and their mixtures were investigated. The limewater soaking treatment caused some birefringence losses of flour granules and a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in pH and flour solubility. All flours and flour/starch mixtures soaked in limewater exhibited lower onset and peak temperatures and reduced gelatinisation enthalpy by DSC in relation to peak viscosity, final viscosity, and setback, when compared to unsoaked flours. MTS had the highest peak viscosity and breakdown followed by KDML105 and rice flour, respectively, regardless of the limewater soaking treatment. The gel obtained from limewater‐soaked KDML105 had the lowest firmness and a low gel retrogradation. After limewater soaking, both mixtures (KDML105:rice flour:MTS, 1.4:0.6:1 and 1:1:1) containing different amounts of KDML105 and rice flours gave a soft and sticky gel. This study demonstrated that chemical modification by a limewater soaking treatment induced some changes in properties of rice flour, MTS, and their mixtures.
Prevention efficacy of dentin tubule sealing with Nd:YAG laser against tooth discoloration induced by vital pulp treatment
Authors: Kınay Taran Pınar , Kara Özlem
Published: August 2023

Background

The discoloration potential of dental materials and applications such as vital pulp therapy also cause discoloration due to the presence of blood. Dentin tubule sealing methods could be used for the prevention of discoloration.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sealing pulp chamber walls with Nd:YAG laser against discoloration caused by tricalcium silicate‐based materials in the presence and absence of blood contamination.

Design

Eighty‐one extracted human maxillary incisors were prepared and randomly divided into nine groups according to the Nd:YAG laser application, the cement to be used (NeoMTA Plus/Biodentine), and the presence or absence of blood. The color measurements were obtained with a spectrophotometer at baseline and then at the sixth (T1) and 12th (T2) months thereafter.

Results

Sealing with Nd:YAG laser and placing NeoMTA Plus or Biodentine on human blood significantly increased discoloration at T1 and T2 (p < .05). Similarly, without sealing the cavity and placing NeoMTA Plus or Biodentine on human blood significantly increased discoloration at T1 and T2 (p < .05).

Conclusion

Regardless of sealing the dentin tubules with Nd:YAG laser, NeoMTA Plus and Biodentine caused more discoloration in the presence of blood contamination.
Inelastic relaxation processes in amorphous sodium silicates
Authors: Rimsza Jessica M. , Jones Reese E.
Published: September 2023

During fracture amorphous oxides exhibit irreversible processes, including inelastic and nonrecoverable relaxation effects in the process zone surrounding the crack tip. Here, classical molecular dynamics simulations were used with a reactive forcefield to evaluate inelastic relaxation processes in five amorphous sodium silicate compositions. Overall, the 20% Na2O‐SiO2(NS20) composition exhibited the most inelastic relaxation, followed by the 15% Na2O‐SiO2(NS15) composition, the 25% Na2O‐SiO2(NS25) composition, and finally the 10% (NS10) and 30% (NS30) Na2O‐SiO2 compositions. Coordination analysis of the Na+ ions identified that during inelastic relaxation the Na+ ions were increasingly coordinated by nonbridging oxygens (NBOs) for the NS10 and NS15 compositions, which was supported by radial analysis of the O‐Na‐O bond angles surrounding the crack tip. Across the sodium silicate compositional range, two different inelastic relaxation mechanism were identified based on the amount of bridging oxygens (BOs) and NBOs in the Na+ ion coordination shell. At lower (NS10) and higher (NS30) sodium compositions, the entire structured relaxed toward the crack tip. In contrast at intermediate sodium concentrations (NS20) the Na+ ion migrates toward the crack tip separately from the network structure. By developing a fundamental understanding of how modified silica systems respond to static stress fields, we will be able to predict how varying amorphous silicate systems exhibit slow crack growth.
Parental attitudes and beliefs about sexuality of individuals with intellectual disability: Insights from a Brazilian sample of parents of individuals with Williams syndrome
Authors: Monteiro Rebeca Orselli , Tafla Tally Lichtensztejn , Rodriguez Juliana Dalla Martha , Teixeira Sabine Triguero , Honjo Rachel Sayuri , Kim Chong Ae , Teixeira Maria Cristina Triguero Veloz
Published: September 2023

Background

The affective expression of sexual behaviour in individuals with Williams syndrome can lead to risky behaviours, especially if parents do not have information on how to provide sex education or support from specialised professionals.

Method

The Attitudes to Sexuality Questionnaire for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities was used to identify parental beliefs, attitudes and concerns about the sexuality and sex education of individuals with intellectual disabilities. The sample comprised 35 parents of individuals with Williams syndrome (mean age 12.8 years (SD = 4.5), 57.1% male).

Results

Parents believe in the possibility of marriage and sexual relationships for individuals with intellectual disability when they are older and agree with sexual reproduction in adulthood. Parents consider that sex education, in addition to parental guidance, should be provided by professionals.

Conclusions

This data highlights the need for parents to have clear guidelines on interventions in respect of the sexuality of individuals with intellectual disability.