bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EDUCAÇÃO PARA AS RELAÇÕES ÉTNICO-RACIAIS: UM ENSAIO SOBRE ALTERIDADES SUBALTERNIZADAS NAS CIÊNCIAS FÍSICAS
Authors: Alves-Brito Alan , Alho Kaleb Ribeiro
Published: October 2022

RESUMO: Um dos grandes desafios da educação antirracista no Brasil é ser pensada e executada em áreas que se colocam à margem da discussão étnico-racial. O presente ensaio traz reflexões sobre como a educação para as relações étnico-raciais pode ajudar a problematizar as noções de desenvolvimento e progresso (muito íntimas da episteme científica moderna), em aulas de ciências, a partir da análise de casos de conflitos político-territoriais que envolvem comunidades tradicionais e empreendimentos de Estado. Discutimos casos marcantes de conflitos étnico-raciais no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos no que tange à instalação de observatórios, de uma usina hidrelétrica e uma base de lançamento de foguetes, interpretados como elementos de desenvolvimento no contexto do Projeto Moderno e Contemporâneo de Ciência, mas que, alternativamente, resgatam as tensões entre a Tradição e a Razão Científica. Argumentamos do ponto de vista histórico, filosófico e epistemológico, buscando justificar e fomentar a discussão e a execução das Leis 10.639, 11.645 e das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Escolar Quilombola na educação em ciências, nos ensinos básico e superior.
EDUCATION FOR ETHNIC-RACIAL RELATIONS: AN ESSAY ON SUBALTERNIZED ALTERITIES IN THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES
Authors: Alves-Brito Alan , Alho Kaleb Ribeiro
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT: One of the great challenges of anti-racist education in Brazil is to design and implement it in areas that are outside of the ethnic-racial discussion. This essay offers critical reflections on how education for ethnic-racial relations can help to problematize the notions of development and progress (linked to the modern scientific episteme) in science classrooms through the analysis of cases of political-territorial conflicts that involve traditional communities and State-owned enterprises. We discuss striking cases of ethnic-racial conflicts in Brazil and the United States relating to the installation of observatories, a hydroelectric power plant, and a rocket launching base, interpreted as elements of development in the context of the Modern and Contemporary Science Project, but which, alternatively, revive the tensions between Tradition and Scientific Reason. We argue from a historical, philosophical, and epistemological point of view, seeking to substantiate and encourage the discussion and implementation of Laws 10.639, 11.645 and the National Curriculum Guidelines for Quilombola School Education in basic and higher education science.
Patient Safety in pandemic times: A reflection based on the care quality attributes
Authors: Pessoa Graça Rocha , Carvalho Rhanna Emanuela Fontenele Lima de , Oliveira Shérida Karanini Paz de , Anjos Saiwori de Jesus Silva Bezerra dos , Trigueiro Jaira Gonçalves , Silva Lucilane Maria Sales da
Published: October 2022

Abstract Objective to discuss patient safety based on a theoretical approach and on the health quality attributes in the context of the new coronavirus pandemic. Method a reflection developed based on the structural, particular and singular dimensions contained in the Theory of Practical Intervention of Collective Health Nursing and in the Donabedian health quality attributes, as well as on the Program for Performance Evaluation of Health Services. Results the drastic and sudden changes in the health care scenario caused by the pandemic constitute an additional risk to the provision of safe care. This can be evidenced through non-compliance with the adequacy, safety, access/opportunity, equality and effectiveness attributes. Conclusion and implications for the practice the current pandemic context represented a serious threat to care quality and patient safety. The challenge is for us to rethink the consolidation of good health practices, based on investment in safe organizations, considering the health care quality attributes/domains. As well as to contribute to the reflection on responsible management of the health services based on scientific knowledge, and on the importance of persisting in strengthening the SUS, as a strategy for implementing the care quality attributes.
Os Cantos de Experiências Negras: consonâncias e dissonâncias no percurso entre Grotowski e o Workcenter
Authors: Jesus Luciano Mendes de , Pereira Sayonara Sousa
Published: October 2022

RESUMO Propõe-se no artigo observar o papel dos cantos africano-diaspóricos no trabalho de Jerzy Grotowski e no âmbito das pesquisas continuadas no Workcenter of Jerzy Grotowski and Thomas Richards. Reflete-se sobre os cantos a partir de suas potências epistemológicas e políticas e como elementos fundamentais para uma discursividade étnico-racial nos estudos sobre essa importante obra no campo das artes performativas. A noção de cantos de experiências negras propõe a compreensão do termo cantos de tradição, central na obra grotowskiana, como meios de comunicação de vivências diaspóricas e afrodescendentes, contrária ao uso unicamente instrumental e acrítico dessas tecnologias performativas.
Fases do teste Timed Up and Go como preditoras de quedas futuras em idosos da comunidade
Authors: Oliveira-Zmuda Gabriela Guimarães , Soldera Cristina Loureiro Chaves , Jovanov Emil , Bós Ângelo José Gonçalves
Published: October 2022

Resumo Introdução O Timed Up and Go (TUG) é um teste bastante utilizado para avaliar o risco de quedas em idosos. Embora seja uma tarefa complexa, apenas o tempo total do TUG (TTUGT) tem sido utilizado para avaliação. A propagação dos smartphones proporcionou o surgimento de aplicativos para monitoramento de procedimentos diagnósticos. Objetivo Analisar a capacidade de predição de quedas futuras em idosos através das fases do TUG utilizando o teste sTUG Doctor. Métodos Estudo de coorte (1 ano) com 42 participantes utilizando o sTUG Doctor. O evento de queda durante um ano de seguimento foi monitorado por meio de contato telefônico. O número de dias entre a avaliação e a primeira queda ou último contato foi calculado para a análise de sobrevida avaliada por modelos não ajustados e ajustados através de modelos de regressão de risco de Cox. Testes com p < 5% foram considerados estatisticamente significantes e entre 5 e 10% indicati-vos de significância (Epi-InfoTM 7.2). Resultados As quedas foram observadas em 22 (52,38%) participantes (caidores). Os resultados indicaram que nível cognitivo, sintomas depressivos, mulheres e participantes com medo de cair (FES-I) são mais propensos a cair. Caidores tiveram pior desempenho em todas as fases do sTUG Doctor. As razões de chance para previsão de queda foram significativas para TTUGT (1,35; p = 0,029) e número total de passos (1,52; p = 0,057). O TTUGT permaneceu significativo ajustando-se ao sexo, faixa etária, FES-I e nível depressivo. Conclusão O sTUG Doctor foi uma ferramenta importante para prever quedas em idosos da comunidade.
De volta ao “para uso futuro”? História oral, pandemia e a documentação urgente do presente
Authors: Santhiago Ricardo
Published: October 2022

O presente artigo propõe uma reflexão acerca dos desafios metodológicos apresentados e enfrentados pela pesquisa em história oral a partir da eclosão da pandemia de Covid-19 e da situação de isolamento físico por ela ensejada. Conceitua e focaliza as ações de “documentação urgente” do presente, argumentando que elas constituem não um gesto de descontinuidade em relação às tradições de pesquisa em história oral, nem um retorno à ambição documentarista que marca o próprio surgimento da prática de história oral – mas uma prática que se baseia na combinação de propostas metodológicas e proposições teóricas plurais desenvolvidas a partir do uso do método. O artigo assume, por fim, a construção de comunidades narrativas e a visibilização de experiências de sujeitos e grupos em situações de vulnerabilidade como compromissos públicos que se apresentam como imperativos para pesquisadores no e do presente, para os quais a tecnologia apresenta-se como desafiadora aliada.
Further modification of a generalised 3D Hoek–Brown criterion: the GZZ criterion
Authors: Chen H. , Zhu H. , Zhang L.
Published: October 2022

This paper presents a further modification of the generalised three-dimensional (3D) Hoek–Brown (HB) criterion – the generalised 3D Zhang-Zhu (GZZ) criterion. Specifically, a modification was made by introducing a 3D version of effective mean stress to replace the original two-dimensional (2D) version of effective mean stress in the GZZ criterion. The modification overcomes the non-smoothness and non-convexity problems of the GZZ criterion and maintains a simple form of the criterion expression. The modified GZZ criterion can also reduce to the 2D HB criterion under both triaxial compression and extension conditions and thus inherits the advantages of and uses the same parameters as the HB criterion. Eleven sets of true triaxial test data were collected from publications to evaluate the newly modified GZZ criterion. The results indicate that the newly modified GZZ criterion has the highest or at least the same accuracy for strength prediction among the various 3D versions of the HB criterion that can reduce to the HB criterion and are smooth and convex. Moreover, of the various 3D versions of the HB criterion that can reduce to the HB criterion and are smooth and convex, only the newly modified GZZ criterion can be expressed explicitly.
Durability of fly-ash geopolymer binder in deep-mixed expansive soils
Authors: Mypati Vamsi N. K. , Saride Sireesh , Challapalli Subrahmanyam
Published: October 2022

This study investigates the durability and leachate behaviour of an alkali-activated fly ash (FA) as a binder to stabilise expansive soils in deep-mixing applications. To activate FA, a liquid alkali activator (LAA) to binder ratio (LAA–FA) was introduced and varied from 1.0 to 1.5. The effects on swelling–shrinkage, consolidation and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) characteristics under wetting–drying cycles (durability) were studied on deep-mixed expansive soils. Leachate studies were conducted to determine the environmental impact of alkali-activated FA. Heavy metal and sodium ion concentrations were measured in each leachate cycle. To examine the permanent microstructural and phase changes in the mixes, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were conducted. The swelling–shrinkage behaviour of soil could be marginally controlled for LAA/FA = 1.0 and 1.25 due to heavy weight loss during the wetting–drying cycles. However, even after 12 durability cycles, the UCS of soil with LAA/FA = 1.5 retained 1.0 MPa and showed non-critical swelling–shrinkage behaviour. The heavy metals and sodium ion concentrations were in acceptable range for LAA/FA = 1.25 and 1.5. XRD and SEM studies revealed that soil treated with a binder ratio of LAA/FA = 1.5, showed high crystalline peaks and aggregated structures.
How Much Does Racial Bias Affect Mortgage Lending? Evidence from Human and Algorithmic Credit Decisions
Authors: Bhutta Neil , Hizmo Aurel , Ringo Daniel
Published: October 2022

We assess racial discrimination in mortgage approvals using new data on mortgage applications. Minority applicants tend to have significantly lower credit scores, higher leverage, and are less likely than white applicants to receive algorithmic approval from race-blind government automated underwriting systems (AUS). Observable applicant-risk factors explain most of the racial disparities in lender denials. Further, we exploit the AUS data to show there are risk factors we do not directly observe, and our analysis indicates that these factors explain at least some of the residual 1-2 percentage point denial gaps. Overall, we find that differential treatment has played a limited role in generating denial disparities in recent years.
Climate Change and the Role of Regulatory Capital: A Stylized Framework for Policy Assessment
Authors: Holscher Michael , Ignell David , Lewis Morgan , Stiroh Kevin
Published: October 2022

This paper presents a stylized framework to assess conceptually how the financial risks of climate change could interact with a regulatory capital regime. We summarize core features of a capital regime such as expected and unexpected losses, regulatory ratios and risk-weighted assets, and minimum requirements and buffers, and then consider where climate-related risk drivers may be relevant. We show that when considering policy implications, it is critically important to be precise about how climate change may impact the loss-generating process for banks and to be clear about the specific policy objective. While climate change could potentially impact the regulatory capital regime in several ways, an internally coherent approach requires a strong link between specific assumptions and beliefs about how these financial risks may manifest as bank losses and what objectives regulators are pursuing. We conclude by identifying several potential research opportunities to better understand these complex issues and inform policy development.
An Appraisal of the Legal Framework on Parole in Nigeria
Authors: Ayinde Dare Joseph
Published: October 2022

Parole is a new correctional measure in the Nigerian penal system. Before 2015 inmates could be released before the expiration of their terms of imprisonment only if they were granted pardons by the governor of a state or by the president. However, this has changed with the coming into force of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act of 2015 (ACJA). The ACJA empowers courts, upon the recommendation of the comptroller-general of the Nigerian Correctional Service, to release inmates on parole. The ACJA also states the two conditions that the comptroller-general must consider before he recommends inmates for parole. The first condition is that the inmates must be of good behaviour, and the second is that the inmates must have served their non-parole periods. While there is no ambiguity on the first condition, the scope of the second condition is not well stated in the ACJA. The ACJA states that inmates that are sentenced to at least fifteen years or life imprisonment must have served at least one-third of their sentence before they can be recommended for parole. However, the ACJA does not state the minimum period that inmates who are sentenced to less than fifteen years of imprisonment must have served before they can be recommended for parole by the comptroller-general. Second, life imprisonment in Nigeria theoretically means imprisonment for the remaining period of the natural life of the inmates upon whom such a sentence has been imposed. In this light it is not clear how the comptroller-general would calculate one-third of an indeterminate sentence for the purpose of determining when to recommend such inmates for parole. Another notable omission in the ACJA is that it does not state the conditions that courts may attach to the release of inmates on parole. Also, ACJA does not make provision for medical parole. To make parole an effective correctional measure in Nigeria, this article suggests that the ACJA should be amended to address all these weaknesses.
Appraisal of Selected Themes on the Impact of International Standards on Labour and Social Security Law in South Africa
Authors: Tshoose Itumeleng
Published: October 2022

For many years, South African courts have relied on International Labour Organisation conventions to interpret and give meaning to the fundamental social security and labour law rights enshrined in the Constitution, 1996. Social security and labour law has been one of the ILO's major initiatives of promoting decent work agenda since its inception in 1919. Decent work refers to the availability of employment in conditions of freedom, justice, security and human dignity. This is a multidimensional concept introduced by the ILO in 1999. It has four key components, namely, employment conditions, social security, workplace rights and social dialogue. To this end, the preamble to the ILO Constitution sets out several objectives in this regard, including the protection of workers from illness, accidents, the protection of children, women, and the support of the elderly. The ILO pursues these noble values and goals by developing international labour and social security standards, which member states must ratify and incorporate into their national law. The purpose of these ILO standards is to provide a standard framework or regulatory tool to guide member states in establishing, improving and maintaining social security and labour law systems domestically, regionally and internationally. Against this background, this article examines selected themes on the impact of international standards on labour and social security rights enshrined in the Constitution. It looks at some of the relevant international instruments which have influenced the promotion and protection of these rights. Furthermore, it shows how the courts have infused these standards into their judgments in South Africa.
Promoting Access to Justice through the Broadcasting of Legal Proceedings
Authors: Mokoena Kgomotso , Koen Louis
Published: October 2022

This article considers a lack of legal literacy as a barrier to access to justice. The article then considers the potential effectiveness of introducing media-based teaching tools to South African society in an attempt to increase the rights awareness of South Africans. In so doing, the article proposes ways in which this improved rights awareness can assist South Africans to engage with the law, their rights, and the judicial system as a whole in a manner which promotes improved access to justice. It considers television-based teaching tools already implemented in the country as well as possible future interventions. It draws on past television-based education initiatives in South Africa in an effort to consider how South Africans engage with television-based teaching tools. It further draws on the open justice principle to argue for the increased broadcasting of legal proceedings. The article then considers television in three other jurisdictions and undertakes an assessment of the effect of television on our cognitive and subliminal engagement with the law. The discussion on other jurisdictions includes how fictional legal programming, syndicated court programmes as well as other forms of "Court TV" have contributed both positively and negatively to the legal consciousness of those societies.
A Reply to Camilla Pickles' “Pregnancy Law in South Africa: Between Reproductive Autonomy and Foetal Interests”
Authors: De Freitas Shaun
Published: October 2022

Camilla Pickles’ Pregnancy Law in South Africa. Between Reproductive Autonomy and Foetal Interests (Pregnancy Law) aims at providing a less adversarial angle related to the pregnant woman and the unborn within her, by moving away from the pregnant woman as a single entity (including the unborn within her) as well as from viewing the pregnant woman and the unborn within her as two separate entities of distinctive value and separate needs. This applies to four categories addressed by Pregnancy Law, namely foetal personhood, violence against pregnant women that terminates pregnancies, substance abuse during pregnancy, and termination of pregnancy for especially the South African context. Pregnancy Law positions its argument on a relational model that emphasises the context of pregnancy as signifying a connection between the pregnant woman (with rights) and the unborn (with interests) inside of her, the unborn being fully dependent on the pregnant woman’s body. This in turn is blended with what is referred to as a not-one/not-two approach. Bearing this in mind, Pregnancy Law claims to provide a compromise, middle ground and third approach regarding what is perceived to be the extremes of the single-entity and separate-entities approaches. Bearing this in mind, this article comprises a critical appraisal directed at Pregnancy Law’s claims as alluded to in the above with specific focus on the status of the unborn against the background of abortion (which in turn has implications for matters related to foetal personhood, violence against pregnant women that terminates pregnancies and substance abuse during pregnancy).
The spectrum, management and outcome of cellulitis in subtropical South Africa
Authors: Variawa S , Buitendag J , Jassiem N , Oosthuizen G
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to ascertain the microbiology, severity stratification, and clinical outcomes of cellulitis based on our current management for comparison with international reports METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients with cellulitis treated by the department of surgery at Ngwelezana Hospital over an 18-month period. Severity of cellulitis was graded, and a comparison was made of the Eron and Modified Dundee classifications. Superficial swabs were taken for culture on patients who had cellulitis with open wounds or blisters. Culture results, antibiotics used, need for surgical intervention, and length of hospital stay were documented and analysed RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-four patients had cellulitis. Severity grading for classes I-IV in the Eron classification was 3%, 57%, 39% and 1%, respectively, and for the Modified Dundee classification, 47%, 11%, 38%, and 4%, respectively. Co-amoxiclav was the most used antibiotic (73%). Superficial skin swabs were taken from 49 patients and 34 cultured 44 specific organisms. The most common organism identified was Staphylococcus aureus (30%). Several gram-negative and anaerobic organisms were cultured. Fifty-three patients required surgical debridement of the infected area and one patient required an above-knee amputation. Mean hospital stay for patients who did not receive surgical intervention was 6 days (IQR 3) and 7 days (IQR 4) for those who did. There were no deaths CONCLUSION: The Dundee classification triages fewer patients as class 2 severity than the Eron system and its use has the potentail to reduce the number of patients hospitalised. Gram-positive organisms predominated in those cultured, but gram-negative cultures were frequent compared to other reported series. Co-amoxiclav is effective as first-line antimicrobial therapy in our environment
A randomised control trial of intraoperative and early outcome in scalpel versus monopolar diathermy for midline abdominal incisions
Authors: Igwe P , Dodiyi-Manuel A , Wichendu P
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: Cutting diathermy is an alternative to scalpel for all layers of abdominal entry despite the perception that it impairs healing, increases infection risk and has worse cosmesis. This prospective, randomised, controlled trial was carried out to compare the intraoperative and early outcome in diathermy to scalpel for midline abdominal incisions in general surgery METHODS: The study was conducted from 1 October 2014 to 31 May 2016. Ethical approval was obtained. The incision time, wound size or area, and volume of blood loss were determined for each group of diathermy and scalpel. Results were analysed with SPSS version 23.0 RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-four patients (93.6%) met the inclusion criteria and were successfully randomised to mode of entry incision - group A monopolar diathermy (118 patients), and group B scalpel (116 patients). The mean incision time was 3.9 ± 1.6 minutes, wound size or area was 54.8 ± 24.4 cm2, volume of blood loss was 46.0 ± 25.5 ml and volume of blood loss per area was 0.99 ± 0.7 ml/cm2 for group A, while the mean incision time was 5.6 ± 2.5 minutes, wound size or area was 57.3 ± 27.3 cm2, volume of blood loss was 62.2 ± 30.6 ml and volume of blood loss per area was 1.3 ml/cm2 ± 0.8 for group B, respectively. The differences in these means were statistically significant CONCLUSION: Incisions made with diathermy resulted in shorter incision time and lesser blood loss when compared to that made with the scalpel. There was no difference in the rate of surgical site infection. These procedural results favour the use of diathermy for abdominal entry
A comparison of invasive lobular carcinoma with other invasive breast cancers at Tygerberg Academic Hospital
Authors: de Jager L , Schubert P , Baatjes K , Conradie W , Edge J
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: The second most common histological subtype of invasive breast carcinoma is invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) occuring with a frequency 10-15% in Western countries and approximately 5%, in Africa, the Middle East and Asia (AMA). Combined hormone replacement therapy (CHRT) is a risk factor for the development of ILC which is infrequently diagnosed at our centre.This study aimed to investigate the incidence and clinicopathological characteristics of ILC as compared to invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NST METHODS: Clinical and pathological data on breast carcinoma patients attending the breast and endocrine unit at Tygerberg Academic Hospital since 2017 have been recorded on a Stellenbosch University REDCap® database RESULTS: IBC-NST was the most frequent subtype diagnosed (83.9%) and ILC the second most common subtype (5.2%). Most ILCs were of luminal B intrinsic subtype, and the median size was slightly smaller than IBC-NST. There were significantly more grade 2 ILCs than IBC-NSTs (81.5% vs 50.9%). There was no statistical difference between stage and histological subtype CONCLUSION: ILC has clinicopathological differences when compared to IBC-NST, although these were less pronounced in this study. The prevalence of ILC was similar to numbers reported in AMA. We hypothesise that there may be a discrepancy in the prevalence of ILC between public and private healthcare systems in South Africa, and that it may be due to differing trends in prescribing CHRT
An audit of clinically triaged women at low risk for breast cancer presenting to the Helen Joseph Mammography Unit
Authors: Naidu L , Rubin G , Beim C , Govender P
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: The Helen Joseph Hospital (HJH) breast clinic utilises a clinical triage system to stratify patients based on their risk of breast cancer into high-, medium-, or low-risk profiles. This allows for timeous imaging and subsequent management of those patients at increased risk for breast cancer. The primary objective was to determine the cancer detection rate (CDR). The secondary objective was to correlate biopsy results with the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) risk assessment METHODS: A retrospective audit of the patients at low risk for breast cancer who were referred to the breast imaging unit (BIU) in 2019 at HJH. Patients were clinically assessed as low risk based on a triage form and were identified using the imaging files stored in the BIU. Results were recorded on Microsoft Excel and calculated as per the American College of Radiology guidelines RESULTS: The total population sample consisted of 398 patients. Two patients were characterised as BI-RADS 4 and underwent breast biopsies. One patient was diagnosed with histologically proven breast cancer. The CDR was 2.51%. The most representative groups were the age group of 60-69 years, BI-RADS breast density B and BI-RADS risk assessment 2 CONCLUSION: Amongst the low-risk population, both the CDR and spectrum of disease was comparable to that of a screening population. This may be due to the use of a triage system prior to imaging, as well as an increase in clinical awareness of breast cancer within a tertiary institution
Genital labial phyllodes tumour recurring during pregnancy - does pregnancy impact recurrence?
Authors: Mbodi L , Mtshali Z , Phakathi B
Published: October 2022

Phyllodes tumours (PT) of the vulva are uncommon tumours. The gold standard treatment for these lesions is unknown but is intuitively presumed to be wide local excision. Incomplete resection is associated with recurrence although the time to recurrence is not known. Pregnancy is hypothesised to increase recurrence due to the production of steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone. We report on a patient who had recurrence of a PT at a rare site (labia minora) and on the contralateral side from the original lesion, during pregnancy. These findings support that oestrogen and progesterone hormones could have played a role in the recurrence of the PT although margins were not free at the initial surgery.
Small bowel intussusception caused by a metastatic testicular germ cell tumour
Authors: John J , Marais B , Swanepoel P , Smit M , Comley N , Louw D
Published: October 2022

Intussusception from a testicular germ cell tumour is extremely rare. Metastatic gastrointestinal implants outgrow their blood supply leading to central necrosis. This results in erosions and ulcerations, which can be visualised as submucosal polypoid masses. These masses can then serve as a lead point for intussusception. We report a case of a 25-year-old patient with small bowel obstruction due to an intussuscepted choriocarcinoma in the absence of any other apparent retroperitoneal disease. Urologists must exclude gastrointestinal tract (GIT) involvement in testicular cancers, and similarly, surgeons need to exclude testicular tumours in young men with unexplained GIT haemorrhage, bowel obstruction or intussusception.
Nipple-areolar complex: commonest site of breast leiomyoma
Authors: Ngwisanyi W , Tshimbidi G , Keyter M , Beim C
Published: October 2022

Breast leiomyomas are extremely rare and commonly seen in the nipple-areolar complex due to the presence of smooth muscle. Identification of this rare benign tumour is based on its location and the presence of spindle cells on histology. We report a case of a breast leiomyoma in a female patient who had a six-year history of a unilateral breast mass. Breast ultrasound and mammography demonstrated a sub-areola mass and an ultrasound-guided core biopsy revealed a benign spindle cell neoplasm with smooth muscle differentiation. The lesion was excised and final histology confirmed a leiomyoma with clear margins.
Criando o indizível
Authors: Santos Elizabeth de Jesus , Bernardo Kátia Jane Chaves
Published: October 2022

INTRODUÇÃO: A psicanálise e a literatura são formas privilegiadas de expressar manifestações provenientes do inconsciente, havendo entre elas uma grande proximidade. Este trabalho aborda a ligação entre psicanálise e literatura tomando como referência o conceito freudiano de sublimação. OBJETIVO: O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi verificar como a escrita ficcional pode ser uma possibilidade de sublimação. Para cumprir esse objetivo buscou-se discorrer sobre a escrita ficcional; apresentar o conceito de sublimação; apontar possibilidades e limites da sublimação; relacionar a escrita ficcional à sublimação. MÉTODO: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura tomando-se como referência os textos freudianos que tratam da temática da pesquisa.  CONCLUSÃO: A partir da leitura é possível constatar que a escrita ficcional pode constituir-se em uma possibilidade de sublimação para o escritor, apesar de existirem limitações da escrita como tal.
Farklı delme ön işlemleri sonrası Avrupa melezi ve Doğu ladini odunlarının basınç direnci ve bazı fiziksel özelliklerindeki değişiklikler
Authors: BAKIR Davut
Published: October 2022

Farklı delme (insizing) ön işlemleri emprenyesi güç odun türlerinin permeabilitesini artırmak için uygulanan teknolojik yöntemlerdir. Son zamanlarda farklı delme ön işlemlerinin odunun fiziksel ve mekanik özelliklerinde meydana getirdiği değişikliklerin belirlenmesine yönelik büyük bir ilgi söz konusudur. Çünkü uygulanan tüm delme ön işlemlerinden sonra odunun fiziksel özelliklerinin olumsuz yönde değişmemesi ve mekanik özelliklerde düşüş olmaması önemlidir. Bu nedenle Picea orientalis (L.) Peterm and Larix decidua Mill. diri odun örneklerinin bazı fiziksel özellikleri ve liflere paralel basınç direnci üzerinde mekanik, biyolojik ve lazer delme ön işlemlerinin etkileri incelendi. Uygulanan her ön işlemden sonra meydana gelen ağırlık kayıpları, yoğunluk, liflere paralel basınç direnci ve hacimsel genişleme ve daralma değerleri değerlendirildi. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; hem ladin hem de melez diri odun örneklerinde en yüksek ağırlık kayıpları (ladin: 9.82%; melez: 8.47%) biyolojik delme uygulanmış örneklerde gözlenirken en düşük ağırlık kayıpları (ladin: 1.12%: melez: 1.66%) ise mekanik delme uygulanmış örneklerde gözlendi. Melez odununda hacimsel daralma ve genişleme lazer delme ön işlemi neticesinde azalmıştır. Fakat ladin odununda uygulanan tüm delme ön işlem grupları ile kontrol örnekleri arasında önemli bir fark bulunamamıştır. Lazer delme uygulanan melez odun örneklerinde yoğunluk azalmasına rağmen ladin odun örneklerinde uygulanan tüm ön işlemler ile kontrol örnekleri arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli bir değişiklik gözlenmemiştir. Diğer taraftan, ladin ve melez odun örneklerinde liflere paralel basınç direnci ise lazer ve biyolojik delme sonrasında azalmıştır.
Diyabetik Nefropati, Retinopati ve Nöropatili Hastalarda Oksidatif Stres ve Serum Prolidaz Aktivitesi İlişkisi
Authors: YILMAZ Tuğba , TÜZÜN Dilek , ŞAHİN Murat , KILINÇ Metin
Published: October 2022

Amaç: Diyabetin mikrovasküler komplikasyonlarında oksidatif stresin belirteçlerini incelemek, prolidazın oksidatif stres göstergeleriyle ilişkisini incelemek, prolidazın prediktif değer olarak kullanılabilirliğini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 112 tip 2 Diyabetes Mellitusu (DM) olan hasta ve 44 sağlıklı kontrol birey alındı. Hastaların ayrıntılı anamnezleri alınıp fizik muayeneleri yapıldı. Açlık plazma glukozu (APG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), kreatinin, spot idrarda mikrototal protein düzeyleri bakıldı. Göz dibi muayenesi ile diyabetik retinopati varlığı araştırıldı. Nöropati varlığı açısından nörolojik muayeneleri yapıldı. Ayrıca tüm hastaların sabah alınan kan örneğinde oksidatif stress için katalaz (CAT), superoksit dismutaz (SOD), glutatyon peroksidaz (GPx), malondialdehit (MDA), nitrik oksit (NO), serum prolidaz aktivitesi ölçümü yapıldı. Bulgular: Tip 2 DM olan hastaların 80’inde (%71.42) komplikasyon mevcut iken 41’inde (%28.58) komplikasyon yoktu. Açlık plazma glukozu diyabetik komplikasyonu olan grupta diğer gruplara anlamlı olarak yüksekti (p<0.001). HbA1c düzeyi diyabetik komplikasyonu olan grupta diğer gruplara anlamlı olarak yüksekti (p<0.001). Antioksidan stres belirteçleri (CAT, SOD, GPx) diyabetik komplikasyonlu grupta diğer gruplara göre daha düşük olarak saptanırken oksidatif stres belirteçleri (MDA, NO) komplikasyonlu grupta diğer gruplara göre daha yüksek olarak saptandı (p sırasıyla p<0.001, p<0.001). Prolidaz düzeyi diyabetik komplikasyonlu grupta diğer gruplara göre daha yüksek olarak saptandı (p<0.001). Sonuç: Çalışmamızda serum prolidaz aktivitesinin ve oksidatif stres parametrelerinin, komplikasyonu olan diyabetik hastalarda, sağlıklı kontrol ve diyabetes mellituslu olup komplikasyonu olmayan gruba göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı arttığı ve prolidaz ile oksidatif stres belirteçleri arasında pozitif korelasyon olduğu bulunması nedeniyle prolidaz aktivitesinin diyabetik hastalarda mikrokomplikasyonları belirlemede prediktif değeri olacağını düşünmekteyiz.
70 YEARS IN NATO: TURKEY AS A STRATEGİC ALLIANCE
Authors: ADSIZ Melek
Published: October 2022

In the post-World War II period, the Soviet threat manifested itself in Europe and the Caucasus. The USA and European countries have developed a common defence force against this threat. For this reason, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was established in 1949 by 12 countries. This Organization’s purpose is to ensure the security of member states through political and military means, collective
defense, and world peace. In line with these purposes, it has reached the present day by improving and updating itself. Turkey, which opposed Soviet Russia’s expansionist policies during the Cold War,
joined NATO in 1952. After the end of the Cold War, it completed its founding purpose. However, the Organization did not disintegrate and continued to exist within the framework of new missions, and its work has continued for more than 70 years. Turkey, which has the second-largest army in NATO, is essential for both Turkey’s security and NATO’s future to continue its contributions. This framework examined the general situation of NATO, Turkey’s membership, and Turkey’s contributions to NATO and cooperation within the Organization.
The Mediating Role of Self-Regulation in the Relationship between Parenting Behaviors and Early Mathematical Development in Peruvian Preschool Children
Authors: Malaspina Martín , Garcia Ampudia Lupe
Published: October 2022

A significant way to contribute in the analysis of deficiencies in school performance, a known issue particularly in mathematics, is by delving into children’s development of informal mathematics during their early childhood, and thus have better elements to intervene in a more timely, effective manner. From this point of view, this study analyzes how the relationship between parenting behavior and early mathematics can be mediated by the development of self-regulation in children. The sample of the study is made of 85 students, between 5 and 6 years old, who are in their last year of preschool in two public schools in Lima. The instruments used are the Spanish translations of the Test of Early Mathematics Ability - 3, Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders task and Parent Behavior Inventory. The main results show that self-regulation in children and their caregivers’ parenting behavior are significant predicting variables in early mathematical development. Specifically, the findings suggest that self-regulation in children can significantly mediate the relationship between the dimension of support/engagement in parenting behavior and the development of early mathematics in children during preschool.
An International Comparison Study Exploring the Influential Variables Affecting Students’ Reading Literacy and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Chung Hyewon , Kim Jung-In , Jung Eunjin (EJ) , Park Soyoung
Published: October 2022

The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) aims to provide comparative data on 15-year-olds’ academic performance and well-being. The purpose of the current study is to explore and compare the variables that predict the reading literacy and life satisfaction of U.S. and South Korean students. The random forest algorithm, which is a machine learning approach, was applied to PISA 2018 data (4,677 U.S. students and 6,650 South Korean students) to explore and select the key variables among 305 variables that predict reading literacy and life satisfaction. In each random forest analysis, one for the U.S. and another for South Korea, 23 variables were derived as key variables in students’ reading literacy. In addition, 23 variables in the U.S. and 26 variables in South Korea were derived as important variables for students’ life satisfaction. The multilevel analysis revealed that various student-, teacher- or school-related key variables derived from the random forest were statistically related to either U.S. and/or South Korean students’ reading literacy and/or life satisfaction. The current study proposes to use a machine learning approach to examine international large-scale data for an international comparison. The implications of the current study and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Vulnerable Students, Inclusion, and Digital Education in the Covid‐19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Case Study From Austria
Authors: Möhlen Lisa-Katharina , Prummer Susanne
Published: October 2022

Worldwide, more than 1.5 billion students had to switch to distance learning in 2020. Education took place at home, where parents attended to their children, and teachers taught their students in digital mode, while minors were physically and socially isolated from their peers. Concerning the situation in Austria, several quantitative studies expose two central challenges: First, the comprehensive lack of digital infrastructure disrupted (digital) distance learning. Second, the Covid‐19 pandemic particularly affected vulnerable students and extended educational inequality. The state of the art emphasizes a lack of qualitative studies demonstrating different perspectives on the educational situation of vulnerable students in general and with SEN in particular during the pandemic. This leads to the following research question: How do professional actors map the situation of inclusive and digital education during the Covid‐19 pandemic in Austria? To research this unprecedented situation, four focus groups with diverse stakeholders (teachers, principals, psychologists, and school board employees) discussed their experiences in the school years 2019–2020 and 2020–2021. Data were analyzed according to the Grounded Theory method of the postmodern approach referred to as “situational analysis.” The study visualizes various parallel discourses and voices within the situation of (digital distance) learning during the Covid‐19 pandemic. The theoretical context of the intersection of inclusive and digital education frames the empirical findings. Central findings relate to missing or discriminatory guidelines and policies, a lack of digital infrastructure, and altered professional‐pedagogical support that minimized or disrupted inclusive education during (digital) distance learning.
INFLUENCE OF GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION AND NATURAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL ON THE FORMATION OF SOCIO-GEOGRAPHIC MONOSYSTEMS
Authors:   Mukachevo State University, Nataliia Smochko , Papp Vasyl ,   Mukachevo State University
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this article is to analyze the influence of geographical location and natural resource potential on the formation of socio-geographical monosystems types in the Carpathian region. Method. General scientific methods, including analysis, scientific synthesis, analytical method, methods of comparison and generalization have been used. By applying the coefficient of openness of the region's economy, an assessment of the level of influence of state borders on the involvement of the Carpathian region in interregional economic ties has been made. Scientific novelty. The article analyses the geographical position of the Carpathian region from the standpoint of evaluating it as a resource capable of activating internal (endogenous) and external (exogenous) factors and natural resource potential as determinants of the monodevelopment of socio-geographical systems in the Carpathian region. Analysis of the dynamics of the coefficient of openness of the regions' economy in the Carpathian region of Ukraine and their level of import dependence showed a significant influence of the border location on the intensity of the region's involvement in interregional cooperation, which makes it possible to solve specific economic and social issues directly for the border regions. However, despite the openness of the economies of the regions of the Carpathian region, they are quite import-dependent. It should be noted that the openness of the economies of the regions in the Carpathian region determines the exogenity of the monosystem development of socio-geographical systems at the local level. It has been proven that the transboundary position of the Carpathian region significantly affects the exogenity of local monosystems. The checkpoints available in the region are formed as monocenters of the exogenous type with a pronounced function of international cooperation. Thus, the geographical position is a determining factor in the formation of monosystems types according to the source of their development. Practical meaning. The results of this research contribute to a deeper socio-geographical understanding of the processes of monodevelopment of socio-geographical systems, their genesis, the peculiarities of their flow and provide an opportunity to model their prospective development, to achieve the expected results because of long-term transformation. They can be used for further research of monosystems of different hierarchical levels, as well as for the development of practical recommendations and programs for the development of individual monoterritories.
USE OF GIS IN RESEARCH OF HORIZONTAL DISPLACEMENTS OF THE SIRET RIVER
Authors:   Yuri Fedkovich Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Melnik Anton , Yachniuk Marina ,   Yuri Fedkovich Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
Published: October 2022

The aim of the work is to study the horizontal displacements of the Siret riverbed from the settlement of Stara Zhadova to the village of Cherepkivtsi. Methodology: GIS analysis methods, mathematical data processing, analysis of Siret riverbed displacements were used to solve the issues raised in the work on horizontal displacements of the Siret riverbed. Semi-automatic digitization of the Siret riverbed on the scale maps: 1:75 000, 1:50 000, 1:25 000, 1:28000 was carried out and the lengths and coefficients of tortuosity were determined. Areas with the most pronounced meandering and changes in horizontal displacements of the channel are selected. The result of the study: For the study, the course of the river Siret was digitized from space images in 2016, which allowed to establish the coefficient of tortuosity, which is 1.52. Due to the vectorization of the water body on the topographic map of 1987 at a scale of 1:50 000, it was determined that the coefficient of tortuosity increased to 1.57. The military-topographic map of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was linked to the territory of the western part of Ukraine in 1889 and the coefficient of tortuosity along the digitized riverbed equal to 1.75 was calculated. The raster image was also digitized with the formation of vectorized layers on a 1957 map at a scale of 1:25 000 and the twist coefficient was determined to be 1.7. The study used the Austrian military topographic map of Galicia and Bukovina in 1861-1864 in modern western Ukraine, which calculated the coefficient of tortuosity at 1.9, which is the highest value for the entire observation period. The general overlay analysis showed that during the whole period of observations the channel was straightened, which led to a decrease in meandering processes along the entire length of the water body. Areas with the most pronounced meandering and areas with the greatest changes in horizontal displacements of the channel were identified: near the villages of Nova Zhadova, Cherepkivtsi, Kamyanka, Klynivka, and the town of Storozhynets. Scientific novelty: GIS analysis of horizontal displacements of the Siret riverbed during the 152-year observation period was carried out, which allowed to identify the main characteristic parts of the riverbed. Practical significance: the results of the study can be used in organizations and departments, in hydraulic services, in institutions involved in the design of river crossings, in regional and district water departments, as well as in research institutions.