bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Triatoma phyllosoma species group (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae), vectors of Chagas disease: Diagnoses and a key to the species
Authors: RENGIFO-CORREA LAURA , JUAN LUIS TÉLLEZ-RENDÓN JUAN LUIS x , ESTEBAN LYDA , HUERTA HERÓN , MORRONE JUAN J.
Published: August 2021

The Triatoma phyllosoma species group includes 17 species of kissing bugs, most of them implicated in the transmission of Chagas disease in the Americas. The species of this group are T. bassolsae Alejandre-Aguilar, Nogueda-Torres, Cortéz-Jímenez, Jurberg, Galvão & Carcavallo, 1999, T. brailovskyi Martínez, Carcavallo & Pelaez, 1984, T. dimidiata (Latreille, 1811), T. gerstaeckeri (Stål, 1859), T. gomeznunezi Martínez, Carcavallo & Juberg, 1994, T. hegneri Mazzotti, 1940, T. huehuetenanguensis Lima-Cordón, Monroy, Stevens, Rodas, Rodas, Dorn & Justi, 2019, T. indictiva Neiva, 1912, T. longipennis Usinger, 1939, T. mazzottii Usinger, 1941, T. mexicana (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1848), T. mopan Dorn, Justi, Dale, Stevens, Galvão, Lima-Cordón & Monroy, 2018, T. pallidipennis (Stål, 1872), T. phyllosoma (Burmeister, 1835), T. picturata Usinger, 1939, T. recurva (Stål, 1868), and T. sanguisuga (LeConte, 1855). The validity of some species of the group was uncertain, because of both cryptic species and hybrid occurrence. Species exhibiting these particularities were formerly classified in the T. dimidiata and T. phyllosoma complexes. Although we recognize the historical value of these species complexes, we do not recommend their further use. Instead, we recognize the T. phyllosoma species group here reviewed, considering the current knowledge of the systematics and reproductive behavior of the group. We implement the cohesion species concept, validating the species status of T. bassolsae, T. longipennis, T. mazzottii, T. pallidipennis, T. phyllosoma, and T. picturata. We also provide diagnoses, photographs and a taxonomic key including the recently described species.
New records of pyraloid moths (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea) from different regions of Ukraine
Authors: YEPISHIN VIKTOR , KHALAIM YEVHENII , BUDASHKIN YURIY , ZHAKOV OLEKSANDR , MUSHYNSKYI VADYM , NOVYTSKYI SERGIY
Published: August 2021

A list of 41 species of Crambidae and Pyralidae families recorded from different regions of Ukraine for the first time is given. Two species are found in Ukraine for the first time: Pyralis cardinalis Kaila, Huemer, Mutanen, Tyllinen & Wikström, 2020 and Euclasta splendidalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1848), and two species are found in continental Ukraine for the first time: Diasemiopsis ramburialis (Duponchel, 1833) and Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius, 1775). The hitherto unknown female genitalia of Bradyrrhoa imperialella (Ragonot, 1887) are described and the differences of external characters between females of B. imperialella and B. gilveolella (Treitschke, 1833) are briefly discussed. A brief note on the distribution of twin species Elegia atrifasciella Ragonot, 1887 and E. fallax (Staudinger, 1881) and Delplanqueia inscriptella (Duponchel, 1837) and D. dilutella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) in Ukraine is given.
Review of the genus Cavatorium Dlabola, 1980 (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Issidae), with description of a new species from Iran
Authors: GNEZDILOV VLADIMIR M. , MOZAFFARIAN FARIBA
Published: August 2021

Examination of the materials on Cavatorium dumetorum (Dlabola, 1981), including the type specimens, revealed that Dlabola (1981) based his description of this species on mixed type series. C. dumetorum sensu stricto is clearly distinguished by male anal tube with latero-apical processes and ventral phallobase lobe narrowing apically. Another species, externally close to C. dumetorum, but well recognized by male anal tube without processes and ventral phallobase lobe not narrowing apically, is described as new basing on the paratypes of C. dumetorum and other material available. C. dumetorum is re-described and a key to species of the genus is provided.
Effects of Stratification on Shoaling Internal Tidal Bores
Authors: Dauhajre Daniel P. , Molemaker M. Jeroen , McWilliams James C. , Hypolite Delphine
Published: August 2021

Idealized simulations of a shoaling internal tide on a gently sloping, linear shelf provide a tool to investigate systematically the effects of stratification strength, vertical structure, and internal wave amplitude on internal tidal bores. Simulations that prescribe a range of uniform or variable stratifications and wave amplitudes demonstrate a variety of internal tidal bores characterized by shoreward-propagating horizontal density fronts with associated overturning circulations. Qualitatively, we observe three classes of solution: 1) bores, 2) bores with trailing wave trains, and 3) no bores. Very strong stratification (small wave) or very weak stratification (large wave) inhibits bore formation. Bores exist in an intermediate zone of stratification strength and wave amplitude. Within this intermediate zone, wave trains can trail bores if the stratification is relatively weak or wave amplitude large. We observe three types of bore that arise dependent on the vertical structure of stratification and wave amplitude: 1) a “backward” downwelling front (near uniform stratification, small to intermediate waves), 2) a “forward” upwelling front (strong pycnocline, small to large waves), and 3) a “double” bore with leading up and trailing downwelling front (intermediate pycnocline, intermediate to large waves). Visualization of local flow structures explores the evolution of each of these bore types. A frontogenetic diagnostic framework elucidates the previously undiscussed yet universal role of vertical straining of a stratified fluid that initiates formation of bores. Bores with wave trains exhibit strong nonhydrostatic dynamics. The results of this study suggest that mid-to-outer shelf measurements of stratification and cross-shore flow can serve as proxies to indicate the class of bore farther inshore.
Interventions and repression following civil conflict
Authors: Bsisu Naji , Murdie Amanda
Published: August 2021

Civil conflicts inevitably have negative consequences with regards to respect for human rights within affected states. Unfortunately, the violation of human rights often does not end with the conflict. What factors explain variation in state repression in post-civil conflict societies? Can international interventions, both civilian and military, improve human rights in states with a history of conflict? Does the size of the intervention matter? We argue that international interventions, including peacekeeping missions and officially directed foreign aid, can reduce physical integrity abuses. This process occurs by simultaneously increasing protections for civilians while also raising the costs of repression to both government leaders and their agents. Human rights abuses will also decrease when there are legal remedies available to vulnerable populations which are bolstered by a strong judicial system. A robust civil society can also discourage human rights abuses by shedding light on these events and providing human rights education. In line with our theoretical argument, we focus on UN peacekeeping missions, especially those with human rights teams, and officially directed foreign aid for legal and security sector reform and NGOs. Using both a treatment effects approach and a continuous dose–response model, we find much support for the implications of our argument.
Participation Requests: A Democratic Innovation to Unlock the Door of Public Services?
Authors: Bennett Hayley , Escobar Oliver , Hill O’Connor Clementine , Plotnikova Evgeniya , Steiner Artur
Published: August 2021

Democracies are under pressure and public administrations must evolve to accommodate new forms of public participation. Participation processes may reproduce or disrupt existing power inequalities. Through a multi-method empirical study of “Participation Requests,” a new legislative policy tool to open up public services in Scotland, this article addresses an empirical gap on governance-driven democratic innovations (DIs). We use Young’s distinction of external and internal inclusion and find Participation Requests replicate the pitfalls of traditional forms of associative democracy. We contend that DIs should be co-produced between institutions and communities to bring a participatory and deliberative corrective to temper bureaucratic logics.
Somatosensory dysfunction in patients with posttraumatic headache: A systematic review
Authors: Jessen Julia , Özgül Özüm S. , Höffken Oliver , Schwenkreis Peter , Tegenthoff Martin , Enax-Krumova Elena K
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Aim of the review is to summarize the knowledge about the sensory function and pain modulatory systems in posttraumatic headache and discuss its possible role in patients with posttraumatic headache.

Background

Posttraumatic headache is the most common complication after traumatic brain injury, and significantly impacts patients’ quality of life. Even though it has a high prevalence, its origin and pathophysiology are poorly understood. Thereby, the existing treatment options are insufficient. Identifying its mechanisms can be an important step forward to develop target-based personalized treatment.

Methods

We searched the PubMed database for studies examining pain modulation and/or quantitative sensory testing in individuals with headache after brain injury.

Results

The studies showed heterogenous alterations in sensory profiles (especially in heat and pressure pain perception) compared to healthy controls and headache-free traumatic brain injury-patients. Furthermore, pain inhibition capacity was found to be diminished in subjects with posttraumatic headache.

Conclusions

Due to the small number of heterogenous studies a distinct sensory pattern for patients with posttraumatic headache could not be identified. Further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms and biomarkers for prediction of development and persistence of posttraumatic headache.
Genome-wide association study reveals susceptibility loci for self-reported headache in a large community-based Asian population
Authors: Tsao Yu-Chien , Wang Shuu-Jiun , Hsu Chia-Lin , Wang Yen-Feng , Fuh Jong-Ling , Chen Shih-Pin , Fann Cathy Shen-Jang
Published: August 2021

Background

The genetic substrate for headache in the general population has not been identified in Asians. We investigated susceptible genetic variants for self-reported headache in a large community-based Asian population.

Methods

We conducted a genome-wide association study in participants recruited from a community-based cohort to identify the genetic variants associated with headache in Taiwanese. All participants received a structured questionnaire for self-reported headache. A total of 2084 patients with “self-reported headache” and 11,822 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Gene enrichment analysis using the Genotype-Tissue Expression version 6 database was performed to explore the potential function of the identified variants.

Results

We identified two novel loci, rs10493859 in TGFBR3 and rs13312779 in FGF23, that are functionally relevant to vascular function and migraine to be significantly associated with self-reported headache after adjusting age, sex and top 10 principal components ( p = 8.53 × 10−11 and p = 1.07 × 10−8, respectively). Gene enrichment analysis for genes with GWAS suggestive significance ( p < 10−6) demonstrated that the expression of these genes was significantly enriched in the artery ( p = 8.18 × 10−4) and adipose tissue ( p = 8.95 × 10−4).

Conclusion

Our results suggest that vascular dysfunction might play important roles in the pathogenesis of self-reported headache in Asian populations.
Could erectile dysfunction be a side effect of CGRP inhibition? A case report
Authors: Al-Hassany Linda , Vries Tessa de , Carpay Johannes A , MaassenVanDenBrink Antoinette
Published: August 2021

Background

Recently, antimigraine drugs targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide pathway have been approved for clinical use as preventive migraine medication.

Case report

We present a case of a 54-year-old male migraine patient, who reported erectile dysfunction as a possible side effect of treatment with galcanezumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide. His potency recovered after treatment discontinuation.

Discussion

As calcitonin gene-related peptide is involved in mammalian penile erection, erectile dysfunction is a conceivable side effect associated with calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibition. Postmarketing surveillance will elucidate the actual incidence of erectile dysfunction in patients using these new antimigraine drugs, and determine whether a causal relationship between calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibition and erectile dysfunction exists. This would be relevant not only because of the direct sexual consequences of erectile dysfunction, but also considering the potential cardiovascular consequences of calcitonin gene-related peptide (receptor) blockade and the association of both migraine and erectile dysfunction with cardiovascular disease.

Conclusion

Erectile dysfunction might be an overlooked, but reversible side effect in male migraine patients using monoclonal antibodies that inhibit the calcitonin gene-related peptide pathway, including galcanezumab. This paper may raise clinical awareness and suggest that this potential side effect needs to be studied further.
It Is Like a Puppet Show-Experiences of Rheumatoid Arthritis Among Adult Chinese: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Chen Su-Hui , Yu Kuang-Hui , Kao Yi-Chun , Shao Jung-Hua
Published: August 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis results in progressive destruction of the joints. However, descriptions of patient’s experiences with the disease are limited. This qualitative study aimed to explore patients’ personal experiences with rheumatoid arthritis in Taiwan. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 30 patients from January to May 2019; interview data were analyzed with content analysis. Most participants were female (90%); their mean age was 57 years. Three main categories emerged from analysis of the data: “physical suffering,” “limitations of abilities,” and “coexisting with the disease.” Physical suffering was due to personal lifelong hardships from chronic pain and stiffness. Limitations of abilities occurred from loss of physical function and limited social life, due to participants discomfort with joint deformities and their appearance to others. Participants coexisted with the disease by making changes in their outlook and comparing their lives with others in order to gain a positive perspective.
Predicting intent behind selections in scatterplot visualizations
Authors: Gadhave Kiran , Görtler Jochen , Cutler Zach , Nobre Carolina , Deussen Oliver , Meyer Miriah , Phillips Jeff M. , Lex Alexander
Published: August 2021

Predicting and capturing an analyst’s intent behind a selection in a data visualization is valuable in two scenarios: First, a successful prediction of a pattern an analyst intended to select can be used to auto-complete a partial selection which, in turn, can improve the correctness of the selection. Second, knowing the intent behind a selection can be used to improve recall and reproducibility. In this paper, we introduce methods to infer analyst’s intents behind selections in data visualizations, such as scatterplots. We describe intents based on patterns in the data, and identify algorithms that can capture these patterns. Upon an interactive selection, we compare the selected items with the results of a large set of computed patterns, and use various ranking approaches to identify the best pattern for an analyst’s selection. We store annotations and the metadata to reconstruct a selection, such as the type of algorithm and its parameterization, in a provenance graph. We present a prototype system that implements these methods for tabular data and scatterplots. Analysts can select a prediction to auto-complete partial selections and to seamlessly log their intents. We discuss implications of our approach for reproducibility and reuse of analysis workflows. We evaluate our approach in a crowd-sourced study, where we show that auto-completing selection improves accuracy, and that we can accurately capture pattern-based intent.
Progression of central nervous system disease from pediatric to young adulthood in sickle cell anemia
Authors: Champlin Grace , Hwang Scott N , Heitzer Andrew , Ding Juan , Jacola Lisa , Estepp Jeremie H , Wang Winfred , Ataga Kenneth I , Owens Curtis L , Newman Justin , King Allison A , Davis Robert , Kang Guolian , Hankins Jane S
Published: August 2021

Silent cerebral infarcts and arteriopathy are common and progressive in individuals with sickle cell anemia. However, most data describing brain lesions in sickle cell anemia are cross-sectional or derive from pediatric cohorts with short follow-up. We investigated the progression of silent cerebral infarct and cerebral vessel stenosis on brain MRI and MRA, respectively, by describing the incidence of new or worsening lesions over a period of up to 25 years among young adults with sickle cell anemia and explored risk factors for progression. Forty-four adults with sickle cell anemia (HbSS or HbSβ0thalassemia), exposed to chronic transfusions ( n = 12) or hydroxyurea ( n = 32), median age 19.2 years (range 18.0–31.5), received a screening brain MRI/MRA and their results were compared with a clinical exam performed during childhood and adolescence. We used exact log-rank test to compare MRI and MRA progression among any two groups. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated from Cox regression analyses. Progression of MRI and MRA occurred in 12 (27%) and 4 (9%) young adults, respectively, relative to their pediatric exams. MRI progression risk was high among participants with abnormal pediatric exams (HR: 11.6, 95% CI: 2.5–54.7) and conditional or abnormal transcranial Doppler ultrasound velocities (HR: 3.9, 95% CI: 1.0–15.1). Among individuals treated with hydroxyurea, high fetal hemoglobin measured in childhood was associated with lower hazard of MRI progression (HR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76–0.98). MRA progression occurred more frequently among those with prior stroke (HR: 8.6, 95% CI: 1.2–64), abnormal pediatric exam ( P = 0.00084), and elevated transcranial Doppler ultrasound velocities ( P = 0.004). Brain MRI/MRA imaging in pediatrics can identify high-risk patients for CNS disease progression in young adulthood, prompting consideration for early aggressive treatments.
Exploring Policy Implications of Ethics of Care and Justice in Care Work and Human Services Organizations
Authors: Moore Christa J. , Gagné Patricia
Published: August 2021

Much attention has recently been focused on the efficacy of cross-sector collaboration within the field of human services in response to increasing rates of child maltreatment and subsequent foster care entries nationwide. Our research includes 200 hours of participant observation, in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 65 professionals broadly involved in the protection of vulnerable children and the support of their parents, and an analysis of 45 case files. It was carried out in a rural region of Kentucky between May 2015 and July 2017. We used established principles of analytic induction to analyze our data. In this study, we explore perceptions of power, authority, inequality, and bureaucratic constraints that emerge during organizational processes of interagency collaboration among multidisciplinary human service organizations situated within the child welfare system. We argue that ethics of care and, subsequently, care work are constrained by power dynamics, primarily embedded in bureaucratically structured human service organizations as well as in policy mandates that embody ethics of justice. We conclude that the tensions between bureaucratic constraints and professional workers’ desire to care for and serve clients often disrupt and undermine organizational missions and policy goals targeting child protection. We indicate the need to examine these structural dynamics at a policy level and provide recommendations with policy implications.
Involving practice nurse and other assistant clinical staff members in the management of low back pain: A qualitative interview study from Danish general practice
Authors: Knudsen Randi H , Thomsen Janus L , Andersen Camilla Aakjaer , Afzali Tamana , Riis Allan
Published: August 2021

Objectives:

Involving practice nurse and other assistant clinical staff members in providing information and education to patients with low back pain at follow-up appointments may release more time and improve care in general practice. However, this requires a shift in the division of tasks, and general practitioners’ barriers and facilitators for this are currently unknown. The objectives were to explore general practitioners’ experiences and perceptions of including assistant clinical staff members in the management of low back pain.

Methods:

This is a semi-structured interview study in Danish general practice. General practitioners with a variation in demographics and experience with task-delegation to clinical staff were recruited for in-depth interviews. We used a phenomenological approach to guide the data collection and the analysis in order to gain insight into the subjective experiences of the general practitioners and to understand the phenomenon of ‘delegating tasks to practice staff’ from the perspective of the general practitioners’ lifeworld. Analysis was conducted using an inductive descriptive method. The sample size was guided by information power.

Results:

We conducted five interviews with general practitioners. All general practitioners had experience with task delegation, but there was a variation in which tasks the general practitioners delegated and to which types of clinical staff members. The following themes were derived from the analysis: general practice organisation, delegating to clinical staff members, doctor–patient relationship, exercise instruction, clinical pathway for patients and external support.

Conclusion:

General practitioners consider patients with low back pain to be a heterogeneous group with a variety of treatment needs and a patient group without any predetermined content or frequency of consultations; this can be a barrier for delegating these patients to clinical staff members.
The Relationship Between Sources of Mathematics Self-Efficacy and Mathematics Test and Course Achievement in High School Seniors
Authors: Özcan Bahadır , Kültür Yusuf Ziya
Published: August 2021

In school settings, sources of self-efficacy have the potential to directly and indirectly influence performance. The problem of this study is the direct relationship between sources of self-efficacy and achievement. In connection with this problem, the impact of sources of mathematics self-efficacy on high school senior students’ mathematics test and course achievement was investigated. The study consisted of 257 12th-grade high school students. The findings of the study showed that mathematics course and test performance increased, whereas the scores for mastery experience, social persuasions, vicarious experience, and physiological state increased, too. According to the results of the regression analysis on mathematics course achievement, the mastery experience significantly predicted mathematics course performance. It also explained 56% of the total variance in mathematics achievement. On the contrary, mastery experience, social persuasions, and physiological state significantly predicted mathematics test achievement, as well as explained 27% of the total variance in mathematics test achievement. In conclusion, sources of mathematics self-efficacy have effects on both mathematics test and course achievement.
Gasdermin D inhibition prevents multiple organ dysfunction during sepsis by blocking NET formation
Authors: Silva Camila Meirelles S. , Wanderley Carlos Wagner S. , Veras Flavio P. , Sonego Fabiane , Nascimento Daniele C. , Gonçalves Augusto V. , Martins Timna V. , Cólon David F. , Borges Vanessa F. , Brauer Verônica S. , Damasceno Luis Eduardo A. , Silva Katiussia P. , Toller-Kawahisa Juliana E. , Batah Sabrina S. , Souza Ana Letícia J. , Monteiro Valter S. , Oliveira Antônio Edson R. , Donate Paula B. , Zoppi Daniel , Borges Marcos C. , Almeida Fausto , Nakaya Helder I. , Fabro Alexandre T. , Cunha Thiago M. , Alves-Filho José Carlos , Zamboni Dario S. , Cunha Fernando Q.
Published: August 2021

Multiple organ dysfunction is the most severe outcome of sepsis progression and is highly correlated with a worse prognosis. Excessive neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are critical players in the development of organ failure during sepsis. Therefore, interventions targeting NET release would likely effectively prevent NET-based organ injury associated with this disease. Herein, we demonstrate that the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) is active in neutrophils from septic humans and mice and plays a crucial role in NET release. Inhibition of GSDMD with disulfiram or genic deletion abrogated NET formation, reducing multiple organ dysfunction and sepsis lethality. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that during sepsis, activation of the caspase-11/GSDMD pathway controls NET release by neutrophils during sepsis. In summary, our findings uncover a novel therapeutic use for disulfiram and suggest that GSDMD is a therapeutic target to improve sepsis treatment.
Arhgef2 regulates mitotic spindle orientation in hematopoietic stem cells and is essential for productive hematopoiesis
Authors: Chan Derek C. H. , Xu Joshua , Vujovic Ana , Wong Nicholas , Gordon Victor , de Rooij Laura P. M. H. , Moreira Steven , Joyce Cailin E. , La Rose Jose , Sandí María-José , Doble Bradley W. , Novina Carl D. , Rottapel Robert K. , Hope Kristin J.
Published: August 2021

How hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) coordinate their divisional axis and whether this orientation is important for stem cell–driven hematopoiesis is poorly understood. Single-cell RNA sequencing data from patients with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS), an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome, show that ARHGEF2, a RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor and determinant of mitotic spindle orientation, is specifically downregulated in SDS hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). We demonstrate that transplanted Arhgef2−/− fetal liver and bone marrow cells yield impaired hematopoietic recovery and a production deficit from long-term HSCs, phenotypes that are not the result of differences in numbers of transplanted HSCs, their cell cycle status, level of apoptosis, progenitor output, or homing ability. Notably, these defects are functionally restored in vivo by overexpression of ARHGEF2 or its downstream activated RHOA GTPase. By using live imaging of dividing HSPCs, we show an increased frequency of misoriented divisions in the absence of Arhgef2. ARHGEF2 knockdown in human HSCs also impairs their ability to regenerate hematopoiesis, culminating in significantly smaller xenografts. Together, these data demonstrate a conserved role for Arhgef2 in orienting HSPC division and suggest that HSCs may divide in certain orientations to establish hematopoiesis, the loss of which could contribute to HSC dysfunction in bone marrow failure.
Pulmonary hypertension phenotypes in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Haque Ashraful , Kiely David G. , Kovacs Gabor , Thompson A.A. Roger , Condliffe Robin
Published: August 2021

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) commonly affects patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and is associated with significant morbidity and increased mortality. PH is a heterogenous condition and several different forms can be associated with SSc, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) resulting from a pulmonary arterial vasculopathy, PH due to left heart disease and PH due to interstitial lung disease. The incidence of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease is also increased. Accurate and early diagnosis to allow optimal treatment is, therefore, essential. Recent changes to diagnostic haemodynamic criteria at the 6th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension have resulted in therapeutic uncertainty regarding patients with borderline pulmonary haemodynamics. Furthermore, the optimal pulmonary vascular resistance threshold for diagnosing PAH and the role of exercise in identifying early disease require further elucidation. In this article we review the epidemiology, diagnosis, outcomes and treatment of the spectrum of pulmonary vascular phenotypes associated with SSc.
Gastrin exerts a protective effect against myocardial infarction via promoting angiogenesis
Authors: Fu Jinjuan , Tang Yuanjuan , Zhang Zhen , Tong Lin , Yue Rongchuan , Cai Lin
Published: August 2021

Background

It is known that increased gastrin concentration is negatively correlated with cardiovascular mortality, and plasma gastrin levels are increased in patients after myocardial infarction (MI). However, whether gastrin can play a protective role in MI remains unknown.

Methods

Adult C57BL/6 mice were subjected to ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and subcutaneous infusion of gastrin (120 μg/Kg body weight/day, 100 μL in the pump) for 28 days after MI. Plasma gastrin concentrations were measured through an ELISA detection kit. Mice were analyzed by echocardiography after surgery. CD31 and VEGF expression were quantified using immunofluorescence staining or/and western blot to assess the angiogenesis in peri-infarct myocardium. Capillary-like tube formation and cell migration assays were performed to detect gastrin-induced angiogenesis.

Results

We found that gastrin administration significantly ameliorated MI-induced cardiac dysfunction and reduced fibrosis at 28 days in post-MI hearts. Additionally, gastrin treatment significantly decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and increased angiogenesis in the infarct border zone without influencing cardiomyocyte proliferation. In vitro results revealed that gastrin up-regulated the PI3K/Akt/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway and promoted migration and tube formation of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). Cholecystokinin 2 receptor (CCK2R) mediated the protective effect of gastrin since the CCK2R blocker CI988 attenuated the gastrin-mediated angiogenesis and cardiac function protection.

Conclusion

Our data revealed that gastrin promoted angiogenesis and improved cardiac function in post-MI mice, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target candidate.
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells deliver exogenous miR-26a-5p via exosomes to inhibit nucleus pulposus cell pyroptosis through METTL14/NLRP3
Authors: Yuan Xiaoqiu , Li Tiefeng , Shi Lei , Miao Jinhao , Guo Yongfei , Chen Yu
Published: August 2021

Background

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the breakdown of the discs supporting the vertebrae. It is one of the most frequent causes of back pain worldwide. Currently, the clinical interventions for IVDD are mainly focused on symptom releases. Thus, new therapeutic options are needed.

Methods

Nucleus pulposus (NP) samples were obtained from 20 patients experiencing IVDD and 10 healthy volunteers compared for mRNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA modification as well as methyltransferase (METT) like METTL3, METTL14, and Wilms’ tumor 1-associated protein mRNA and protein abundance following exosomes exposure from mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, microRNA expressions were also compared. The correlation between the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and METTL14 was measured by luciferase reporter assay. Cytokines were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. METTL14, NLRP3, and insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 mRNAs were measured via a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Protein was assayed using western blots. Cell death was assessed by propidium iodide staining, lactate dehydrogenase release, gasdermin-N domain abundance, and caspase-1 activation.

Results

The human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hucMSC) exosomes were found to effectively improve the viability of NP cells and protect them from pyroptosis through targeting METTL14, with a methyltransferase catalyzing m6A modification. METTL14 was highly present in NP cells from IVDD patients, which stabilize NLRP3 mRNA in an IGFBP2-dependent manner. The elevated NLRP3 levels result in the increase of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 levels and trigger pyroptotic NP cell death. Such pathogenic axis could be blocked by hucMSC exosomes, which directly degrade METTL14 through exosomal miR-26a-5p.

Conclusions

The results of the current study revealed the beneficial effects of hucMSC exosomes on NP cells and determined a potential mechanism inducing IVDD.
Time series analysis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in mainland China by using an XGBoost forecasting model
Authors: Lv Cai-Xia , An Shu-Yi , Qiao Bao-Jun , Wu Wei
Published: August 2021

Background

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is still attracting public attention because of its outbreak in various cities in China. Predicting future outbreaks or epidemics disease based on past incidence data can help health departments take targeted measures to prevent diseases in advance. In this study, we propose a multistep prediction strategy based on extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) for HFRS as an extension of the one-step prediction model. Moreover, the fitting and prediction accuracy of the XGBoost model will be compared with the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model by different evaluation indicators.

Methods

We collected HFRS incidence data from 2004 to 2018 of mainland China. The data from 2004 to 2017 were divided into training sets to establish the seasonal ARIMA model and XGBoost model, while the 2018 data were used to test the prediction performance. In the multistep XGBoost forecasting model, one-hot encoding was used to handle seasonal features. Furthermore, a series of evaluation indices were performed to evaluate the accuracy of the multistep forecast XGBoost model.

Results

There were 200,237 HFRS cases in China from 2004 to 2018. A long-term downward trend and bimodal seasonality were identified in the original time series. According to the minimum corrected akaike information criterion (CAIC) value, the optimal ARIMA (3, 1, 0) × (1, 1, 0)12 model is selected. The index ME, RMSE, MAE, MPE, MAPE, and MASE indices of the XGBoost model were higher than those of the ARIMA model in the fitting part, whereas the RMSE of the XGBoost model was lower. The prediction performance evaluation indicators (MAE, MPE, MAPE, RMSE and MASE) of the one-step prediction and multistep prediction XGBoost model were all notably lower than those of the ARIMA model.

Conclusions

The multistep XGBoost prediction model showed a much better prediction accuracy and model stability than the multistep ARIMA prediction model. The XGBoost model performed better in predicting complicated and nonlinear data like HFRS. Additionally, Multistep prediction models are more practical than one-step prediction models in forecasting infectious diseases.
Canine olfactory detection and its relevance to medical detection
Authors: Jendrny Paula , Twele Friederike , Meller Sebastian , Osterhaus Albertus Dominicus Marcellinus Eras , Schalke Esther , Volk Holger Andreas
Published: August 2021

The extraordinary olfactory sense of canines combined with the possibility to learn by operant conditioning enables dogs for their use in medical detection in a wide range of applications. Research on the ability of medical detection dogs for the identification of individuals with infectious or non-infectious diseases has been promising, but compared to the well-established and–accepted use of sniffer dogs by the police, army and customs for substances such as money, explosives or drugs, the deployment of medical detection dogs is still in its infancy. There are several factors to be considered for standardisation prior to deployment of canine scent detection dogs. Individual odours in disease consist of different volatile organic molecules that differ in magnitude, volatility and concentration. Olfaction can be influenced by various parameters like genetics, environmental conditions, age, hydration, nutrition, microbiome, conditioning, training, management factors, diseases and pharmaceuticals. This review discusses current knowledge on the function and importance of canines’ olfaction and evaluates its limitations and the potential role of the dog as a biomedical detector for infectious and non-infectious diseases.
A systematic review of the sensitivity and specificity of lateral flow devices in the detection of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Mistry Dylan A. , Wang Jenny Y. , Moeser Mika-Erik , Starkey Thomas , Lee Lennard Y. W.
Published: August 2021

Background

Lateral flow devices (LFDs) are viral antigen tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 that produce a rapid result, are inexpensive and easy to operate. They have been advocated for use by the World Health Organisation to help control outbreaks and break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 infections. There are now several studies assessing their accuracy but as yet no systematic review. Our aims were to assess the sensitivity and specificity of LFDs in a systematic review and summarise the sensitivity and specificity of these tests.

Methods

A targeted search of Pubmed and Medxriv, using PRISMA principles, was conducted identifying clinical studies assessing the sensitivity and specificity of LFDs as their primary outcome compared to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Based on extracted data sensitivity and specificity was calculated for each study. Data was pooled based on manufacturer of LFD and split based on operator (self-swab or by trained professional) and sensitivity and specificity data were calculated.

Results

Twenty-four papers were identified involving over 26,000 test results. Sensitivity from individual studies ranged from 37.7% (95% CI 30.6–45.5) to 99.2% (95% CI 95.5–99.9) and specificity from 92.4% (95% CI 87.5–95.5) to 100.0% (95% CI 99.7–100.0). Operation of the test by a trained professional or by the test subject with self-swabbing produced comparable results.

Conclusions

This systematic review identified that the performance of lateral flow devices is heterogeneous and dependent on the manufacturer. Some perform with high specificity but a great range of sensitivities were shown (38.32–99.19%). Test performance does not appear dependent on the operator. Potentially, LFDs could support the scaling up of mass testing to aid track and trace methodology and break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 with the additional benefit of providing individuals with the results in a much shorter time frame.
Clinical analysis of second-trimester pregnancy termination after previous caesarean delivery in 51 patients with placenta previa and placenta accreta spectrum: a retrospective study
Authors: Hu Qiaofei , Li Changdong , Luo Lanrong , Li Jian , Zhang Xiaofeng , Chen Suwen , Yang Xiaokui
Published: August 2021

Backgrounds

Pregnancy termination during the second trimester in patients with placenta previa and placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a complex and challenging clinical problem. Based on our literature review, there has been a relative increase in the number of such cases being treated by hysterotomy and/or local uterine lesion resection and repair. In the present study, a retrospective analysis was conducted to compare the clinical outcomes when different management strategies were used to terminate pregnancy in the patients with placenta previa and PAS.

Methods

A total of 51 patients who underwent pregnancy termination in the second trimester in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital between June 2013 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed in this study. All patients having previous caesarean delivery (CD) were diagnosed with placenta previa status and PAS.

Results

① Among the 51 patients, 16 cases received mifepristone and misoprostol medical termination, 15 cases received mifepristone and Rivanol medical termination, but 1 of them was transferred to hysterotomy due to failed labor induction, another 20 cases were performed planned hysterotomy. There was no placenta percreta cases and uterine artery embolization (UAE) was all performed before surgery.② There were 31 cases who underwent medical termination and 30 cases were vaginal delivery. Dilation and evacuation (D&E) were used in 20 cases of medical abortion failure and in all 30 cases of difficult manual removal of placental tissue. ③ A statistically significant difference was found among the three different strategies in terms of gestational weeks, the type of placenta previa status, main operative success rate and β-HCG regression time (P < 0.05). ④ There were 4(7.8%) cases who were taken up for hysterectomy because of life-threatening bleeding or severe bacteremia during or after delivery and hysterotomy. The uterus was preserved with the implanted placenta partly or completely left in situ in 47(92.2%) cases. Combined medical and/or surgical management were used for the residual placenta and the time of menstrual recovery was 52(range: 33 to 86) days after pregnancy termination.

Conclusions

Terminating a pregnancy by vaginal delivery through medical induction of labor may be feasible if clinicians have an overall understanding of gestational age, the type of placenta previa status, the type of placenta accreta, and patients concerns about preserving fertility. A collaborative team effort in tertiary medical centers with a very experience MDT and combined application of multiple methods is required to optimize patient outcomes.
Comparative epidemiology of gestational diabetes in ethnic Chinese from Shanghai birth cohort and growing up in Singapore towards healthy outcomes cohort
Authors: Loo Evelyn Xiu Ling , Zhang Yuqing , Yap Qai Ven , Yu Guoqi , Soh Shu E , Loy See Ling , Lau Hui Xing , Chan Shiao-Yng , Shek Lynette Pei-Chi , Luo Zhong-Cheng , Yap Fabian Kok Peng , Tan Kok Hian , Chong Yap Seng , Zhang Jun , Eriksson Johan Gunnar
Published: August 2021

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been associated with adverse health outcomes for mothers and offspring. Prevalence of GDM differs by country/region due to ethnicity, lifestyle and diagnostic criteria. We compared GDM rates and risk factors in two Asian cohorts using the 1999 WHO and the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria.

Methods

The Shanghai Birth Cohort (SBC) and the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort are prospective birth cohorts. Information on sociodemographic characteristics and medical history were collected from interviewer-administered questionnaires. Participants underwent a 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 weeks gestation. Logistic regressions were performed.

Results

Using the 1999 WHO criteria, the prevalence of GDM was higher in GUSTO (20.8%) compared to SBC (16.6%) (p = 0.046). Family history of hypertension and alcohol consumption were associated with higher odds of GDM in SBC than in GUSTO cohort while obesity was associated with higher odds of GDM in GUSTO. Using the IADPSG criteria, the prevalence of GDM was 14.3% in SBC versus 12.0% in GUSTO. A history of GDM was associated with higher odds of GDM in GUSTO than in SBC, while being overweight, alcohol consumption and family history of diabetes were associated with higher odds of GDM in SBC.

Conclusions

We observed several differential risk factors of GDM among ethnic Chinese women living in Shanghai and Singapore. These findings might be due to heterogeneity of GDM reflected in diagnostic criteria as well as in unmeasured genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors.
MONARCC: a randomised phase II study of panitumumab monotherapy and panitumumab plus 5-fluorouracil as first-line therapy for RAS and BRAF wildtype metastatic colorectal cancer: a study by the Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group (AGITG)
Authors: Siu Ho Wai Derrick , Tebbutt Niall , Chantrill Lorraine , Karapetis Chris , Steer Christopher , Wilson Kate , Espinoza David , Bailey Lisa , Yip Sonia , Cuff Jeff , Pavlakis Nick , Thavaneswaran Subotheni , Briscoe Karen , Srivastav Ratnesh , Shannon Jennifer , Segelov Eva , Tie Jeannie , Caird Susan , Francesconi Alessandra , Price Timothy , Wuttke Melanie , Ladwa Rahul , Sjoquist Katrin , Burge Matthew
Published: August 2021

Background

Doublet chemotherapy in combination with a biologic agent has been a standard of care in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer for over a decade. The evidence for a “lighter” treatment approach is limited to mono-chemotherapy plus bevacizumab in the RAS unselected population. Anti-EGFR antibodies have activity as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy in RAS wildtype metastatic colorectal cancer; however their role in first-line treatment in combination with 5-fluorouracil monotherapy or when given alone has not been well studied. MONARCC aims to investigate this approach in an elderly population.

Methods/design

MONARCC is a prospective, open-label, multicentre, non-comparative randomised phase II trial. Eligible patients aged ≥70 with unresectable metastatic, untreated, RAS/BRAF wildtype metastatic colorectal cancer will be randomised 1:1 to receive panitumumab alone or panitumumab plus infusional 5-fluorouracil. RAS and BRAF analyses will be performed in local laboratories. Comprehensive Health Assessment and Limited Health Assessments will be performed at baseline and at 16 weeks, respectively, to assess frailty. The Patient Symptom Questionnaire and Overall Treatment Utility are to be undertaken at different timepoints to assess the impact of treatment-related toxicities and quality of life. Treatment will be delivered every 2 weeks until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity (as determined by treating clinician or patient), delay of treatment of more than 6 weeks, or withdrawal of consent. The primary end point is 6-month progression-free survival in both arms. Secondary end points include overall survival, time to treatment failure, objective tumour response rate as defined by RECIST v1.1 and safety (adverse events). Tertiary and correlative endpoints include the feasibility and utility of a comprehensive geriatric assessment, quality of life and biological substudies.

Discussion

MONARCC investigates the activity and tolerability of first-line panitumumab-based treatments with a view to expand on current treatment options while maximising progression-free and overall survival and quality of life in molecularly selected elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Trial registration

Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12618000233224, prospectively registered 14 February 2018.