bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling, analysis, and optimization of dimensional accuracy of FDM-fabricated parts using definitive screening design and deep learning feedforward artificial neural network
Authors: Mohamed Omar Ahmed , Masood Syed Hasan , Bhowmik Jahar Lal
Published: January 2021

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) rely on the quality of manufactured products and the process capability. Currently, the dimensional accuracy and stability of any AM process is essential for ensuring that customer specifications are satisfied at the highest standard, and variations are controlled without significantly affecting the functioning of processes, machines, and product structures. This study aims to investigate the effects of FDM fabrication conditions on the dimensional accuracy of cylindrical parts. In this study, a new class of experimental design techniques for integrated second-order definitive screening design (DSD) and an artificial neural network (ANN) are proposed for designing experiments to evaluate and predict the effects of six important operating variables. By determining the optimum fabrication conditions to obtain better dimensional accuracies for cylindrical parts, the time consumption and number of complex experiments are reduced considerably in this study. The optimum fabrication conditions generated through a second-order DSD are verified with experimental measurements. The results indicate that the slice thickness, part print direction, and number of perimeters significantly affect the percentage of length difference, whereas the percentage of diameter difference is significantly affected by the raster-to-raster air gap, bead width, number of perimeters, and part print direction. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that a second-order DSD integrated with an ANN is a more attractive and promising methodology for AM applications.
Berlin Green Framework-Based Gas Sensor for Room-Temperature and High-Selectivity Detection of Ammonia
Authors: Yang Tingqiang , Gao Lingfeng , Wang Wenxuan , Kang Jianlong , Zhao Guanghui , Li Delong , Chen Wen , Zhang Han
Published: January 2021

Ammonia detection possesses great potential in atmosphere environmental protection, agriculture, industry, and rapid medical diagnosis. However, it still remains a great challenge to balance the sensitivity, selectivity, working temperature, and response/recovery speed. In this work, Berlin green (BG) framework is demonstrated as a highly promising sensing material for ammonia detection by both density functional theory simulation and experimental gas sensing investigation. Vacancy in BG framework offers abundant active sites for ammonia absorption, and the absorbed ammonia transfers sufficient electron to BG, arousing remarkable enhancement of resistance. Pristine BG framework shows remarkable response to ammonia at 50–110 °C with the highest response at 80 °C, which is jointly influenced by ammonia's absorption onto BG surface and insertion into BG lattice. The sensing performance of BG can hardly be achieved at room temperature due to its high resistance. Introduction of conductive Ti3CN MXene overcomes the high resistance of pure BG framework, and the simply prepared BG/Ti3CN mixture shows high selectivity to ammonia at room temperature with satisfying response/recovery speed.
Interior and Exterior Decoration of Transition Metal Oxide Through Cu0/Cu+ Co-Doping Strategy for High-Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Liu Weifeng , Zhang Zhi , Zhang Yanan , Zheng Yifan , Liu Nishuang , Su Jun , Gao Yihua
Published: January 2021

Although CoO is a promising electrode material for supercapacitors due to its high theoretical capacitance, the practical applications still suffering from inferior electrochemical activity owing to its low electrical conductivity, poor structural stability and inefficient nanostructure. Herein, we report a novel Cu0/Cu+ co-doped CoO composite with adjustable metallic Cu0 and ion Cu+ via a facile strategy. Through interior (Cu+) and exterior (Cu0) decoration of CoO, the electrochemical performance of CoO electrode has been significantly improved due to both the beneficial flower-like nanostructure and the synergetic effect of Cu0/Cu+ co-doping, which results in a significantly enhanced specific capacitance (695 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) and high cyclic stability (93.4% retention over 10,000 cycles) than pristine CoO. Furthermore, this co-doping strategy is also applicable to other transition metal oxide (NiO) with enhanced electrochemical performance. In addition, an asymmetric hybrid supercapacitor was assembled using the Cu0/Cu+ co-doped CoO electrode and active carbon, which delivers a remarkable maximal energy density (35 Wh kg−1), exceptional power density (16 kW kg−1) and ultralong cycle life (91.5% retention over 10,000 cycles). Theoretical calculations further verify that the co-doping of Cu0/Cu+ can tune the electronic structure of CoO and improve the conductivity and electron transport. This study demonstrates a facile and favorable strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance of transition metal oxide electrode materials.
Was ist ein Hindernis? – Fachliche Aushandlungen im Sachunterricht am Beispiel der Mobilitätsbildung
Authors: Skorsetz Nina , Bonanati Marina , Kucharz Diemut
Published: January 2021

Anhand eines Transkripts aus dem Sachunterricht an einer inklusiven Grundschule wird in diesem Beitrag herausgearbeitet, was Fachlichkeit am Beispiel der Radfahrausbildung in einer vierten Klasse ausmacht. Für die Videographien im Sachunterricht wurden Schulen ausgewählt, die sich selbst als inklusiv beschreiben. So beschreiben sie beispielsweise, dass der Anspruch auf sonderpädagogische Förderung erst im Übergang zur weiterführenden Schule festgestellt wird. Untersucht wird, wie die Teilnehmenden in einer Unterrichtsstunde ihre Vorstellungen zu dem fachlichen Begriff Hindernis aushandeln. Es zeigt sich, dass bei der Bearbeitung des Themas Vorbeifahren an einem Hindernis im Material kein Rückgriff auf die begrifflichen Vorstellungen bzw. Konzepte der Kinder vorgesehen ist. Da die Lernenden dennoch einen Aushandlungsprozess initiieren, in den sie auch die Lehrkraft einbeziehen, ist eine Auseinandersetzung mit den kindlichen und fachlichen Vorstellungen zu beobachten.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of heterocyclic methyl substituted pyridine Schiff base transition metal complexes
Authors: Borase Jitendra N. , Mahale R. G. , Rajput S. S. , Shirsath Dhanraj S.
Published: January 2021

In recent years heterocyclic Schiff base metal complexes attract more attention in biological application and also showing interesting co-ordination chemistry. In this research article a novel heterocyclic methyl-substituted pyridine Schiff base transition metal complexes of Fe(III), Co(III), Cu(II), and Ni(II) have been design and synthesized by reacting metal acetate or metal salts (FeCl3, CoOAc, CuOAc, NiOAc), with substituted heterocyclic ligand. All newly synthesized metalcomplexes were characterized by spectroscopic data and screened for elemental analysis, FT-IR, ESR, Magnetic susceptibility and TGA. The Electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements indicates that square planer and octahedral geometry of these complexes also suggest their structure in which (N, O) group acts as bidentate ligand. The thermal stability, decomposition rate and thermodynamic parameters of synthesized metal complexes were calculated by Freeman Carroll method. Also the biostatistical data of antimicrobial and anti-oxidant activities of synthesized metal complexes indicates moderate to good results.

Graphic abstract
Experimental analysis on hydrodynamic coefficients of an underwater glider with spherical nose for dynamic modeling and motion simulation
Authors: Divsalar Kambiz , Shafaghat Rouzbeh , Farhadi Mousa , Alamian Rezvan
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we present a study of an underwater glider with a cylindrical body, a conical end shape and a spherical nose with NACA0009 airfoil wings. In the experimental section, we investigate the hydrodynamic coefficients of drag and lift as well as the torque on the glider then analyze the launch velocity, launch angles, angular velocity, and displacement range as the main parameters for evaluating of motion dynamics. In the numerical section, we investigate the optimal performance of the glider using the meta-heuristic optimization method in order to find the path and range of motion of the moving mass and control of the sea glider, which is very important for navigation scope. To be specific, body and wings hydrodynamic coefficients are obtained in the velocity range of [0.2, 1] $$m/s$$

m
/
s

; According to the results, the drag coefficient increases with increasing velocity, while the lift coefficient increases up to velocity of $$0.8 m/s$$

0.8
m
/
s

, then decreases at velocity of $$1 m/s$$

1
m
/
s

. Also, the wing drag coefficient decreases with increasing velocity, while the wing lift coefficient increases with increasing velocity. In the next step, in order to calculate an optimum ratio between obtained depth and horizontal distance, the designed algorithm investigate the glider launch angle and finally, the 10 degrees launch angle is chosen as the optimum angle. Subsequently, the analysis performed on mass center displacement range shows that the oscillation interval $$[- 0.045, 0.085]$$

[
-
0.045
,
0.085
]

 $$m$$
m
is an optimum displacement domain.
Tailings Filtration Using Viper Filtration Technology—a Case Study
Authors: Whatnall Oliver , Barber Kevin , Robinson Peter
Published: January 2021

Investigation and uptake of filtered tailings continues to grow throughout the globe. This is driven by a wide range of site-specific considerations, which include such factors as tailings characteristics (e.g., amenability to filtration), production rates, climate, water availability, cost drivers, environmental requirements, and social factors. Despite the aforementioned technological growth, the currently available filtration technology is not able to meet the needs of many operations and projects that would otherwise adopt the technology. Experience with large-scale industrial filtration shows that vacuum belt filter systems meet the needs of many modern users, exceptions being the inability to effectively dewater tailings at altitude and/or with a fine particle size distribution: a potential fatal flaw. This paper presents a case study on the utilization of the patented Viper Filtration technology on gold tailings to overcome this challenge and shares the resultant full-scale plant design, highlighting the features designed to overcome cost and scalability deterrents. This technology is a novel mechanical process which complements the vacuum pressure in dewatering the filter cake as it travels along the belt filter. This project commenced with a pilot testing program, which successfully met the objective to rigorously test, measure and record any performance improvements achieved when engaging the Viper technology. Of the two tailings products tested, gross improvements of 4.2%w/w and 5.7%w/w were achieved when compared to the conventional vacuum belt filter operation. This pilot testing facilitated measurement of operating and design data, which forms the basis of the full-scale system design and resultant equipment supply of three vibration roller assemblies for retro-fitting on the existing vacuum belt filter.
Correction to: Nano-black carbon (biochar) released from pyrogenic carbonaceous matter as a super suspending agent in water/soil environments
Authors: Lian Fei , Wang Zhenyu , Xing Baoshan
Published: January 2021

The article “Nano-black carbon (biochar) released from pyrogenic carbonaceous matter as a super suspending agent in water/soil environments.
Mauvais Mercredi et Vendredi saint : Conflits politiques urbains et temps liturgique dans les Pays-Bas du Moyen Âge tardif
Authors: Dumolyn Jan , Haemers Jelle
Published: January 2021

Mauvais Mercredi et Vendredi saint: Conflits politiques urbains et temps liturgique dans les Pays-Bas du Moyen Âge tardif

Cet article examine la manière dont les groupes sociaux représentaient les conflits politiques dans les Pays-Bas de la fin du Moyen Âge, en étudiant non seulement comment l’on se souvenait de ces événements, mais aussi comment ils pouvaient être recyclés et manipulés. Il a déjà été démontré que la politique de la fin du Moyen Âge devait être générationnelle, les personnes impliquées dans les révoltes conservant activement la mémoire des luttes de leurs prédécesseurs. Cette étude soutient cependant que les formes de ces mémoires cycliques des révoltes passées ont été façonnées par la matrice sociale et religieuse fondamentale qu’était le temps liturgique chrétien et qui se reflétait dans des noms aussi parlants que « Vendredi saint » ou « Mauvais Mercredi», donnés par les artisans urbains à leurs soulèvements. Cette pratique consistant à se souvenir des conflits politiques par l’utilisation des jours de la semaine, qui semble être une allusion au cycle de la Passion, est fréquemment attestée, en particulier dans la Flandre du xive siècle. L’étude de cet usage, ainsi que celle de la représentation et de l’utilisation de symboles liturgiques dans ces révoltes, montrent que les citoyens du Moyen Âge tardif n’étaient pas de simples récepteurs passifs des catégorisations ecclésiastiques du temps imposées d’en haut ; ils réinterprétaient activement les éléments chronologiques en façonnant et en modifiant la représentation des événements, politiques ou autres, en fonction des publics. Ainsi, les différentes manières de nommer les événements politiques importants témoignent de la façon dont les groupes sociaux ont forgé une représentation des passés communs au sein d’un « temps social » pertinent pour leur identité de groupe, même si ces discours étaient basés sur une conception chrétienne largement partagée du temps historique influencée par la pratique liturgique collective.
Deindustrialization and the Demand for Protection
Authors: Ba Heather-Leigh Kathryn , Coleman Tyler
Published: January 2021

Current explanations of demand for anti-dumping protections focus on the role of the business cycle, and fluctuations in real exchange rates. However, empirical evidence supporting these explanations is based primarily on the experience of industrialized countries. Here, we examine anti-dumping petitions in a broader sample of thirty-four industrialized and middle income countries from 1978–2015. We also propose a new determinant of demand for anti-dumping petitions—changes in the pattern of industrial production between developed and developing economies over this period have contributed to deindustrialization in advanced economies and premature industrialization some developing countries. These changes threaten established industries and motivate them to demand protection.
Risk factors and protective measures for healthcare worker infection during highly infectious viral respiratory epidemics: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tian Chenchen , Lovrics Olivia , Vaisman Alon , Chin Ki Jinn , Tomlinson George , Lee Yung , Englesakis Marina , Parotto Matteo , Singh Mandeep
Published: January 2021

Objective:

To investigate risk factors for healthcare worker (HCW) infection in viral respiratory pandemics: severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), SARS CoV-1, influenza A H1N1, influenza H5N1. To improve understanding of HCW risk management amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases from conception until July 2020 for studies comparing infected HCWs (cases) and noninfected HCWs (controls) and risk factors for infection. Outcomes included HCW types, infection prevention practices, and medical procedures. Pooled effect estimates with pathogen-specific stratified meta-analysis and inverse variance meta-regression analysis were completed. We used the GRADE framework to rate certainty of evidence. (PROSPERO no. CRD42020176232, 6 April 2020.)

Results:

In total, 54 comparative studies were included (n = 191,004 HCWs). Compared to nonfrontline HCWs, frontline HCWs were at increased infection risk (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.24–2.22), and the risk was greater for HCWs involved in endotracheal intubations (risk difference, 35.2%; 95% CI, 21.4–47.9). Use of gloves, gown, surgical mask, N95 respirator, face protection, and infection training were each strongly protective against infection. Meta-regression showed reduced infection risk in frontline HCWs working in facilities with infection designated wards (OR, −1.04; 95% CI, −1.53 to −0.33,P= .004) and performing aerosol-generating medical procedures in designated centers (OR, −1.30; 95% CI, −2.52 to −0.08;P= .037).

Conclusions:

During highly infectious respiratory pandemics, widely available protective measures such as use of gloves, gowns, and face masks are strongly protective against infection and should be instituted, preferably in dedicated settings, to protect frontline HCW during waves of respiratory virus pandemics.
Measuring Preferences and Behaviours in the 2019 Canadian Election Study
Authors: Stephenson Laura B. , Harell Allison , Rubenson Daniel , Loewen Peter John
Published: January 2021

The 2019 Canadian Election Study (CES) consists of two separate surveys with campaign-period rolling cross-sections and post-election follow-ups. The parallel studies were conducted online and through a random-digit-dial (RDD) telephone survey. Both continue the long tradition of gathering information about the attitudes, opinions, preferences and behaviours of the Canadian public. The online survey, in particular, introduces some important innovations that open up the potential for exciting new research on subgroups in the electorate.
PLATO'SREPUBLICAND THE INDO-EUROPEAN PENTADIC IDEOLOGY
Authors: Allen Nick
Published: January 2021

Similarities between ancient Greek philosophy and Indian philosophy have long been recognized and are usually ascribed to East-West contact. However, when similarities are recognized between Greek and Indian poetic diction or, more generally, between the myths and the poetry of the two cultures, they are often ascribed to Indo-European common origin; and one asks whether the same explanation could apply in philosophy. The two types of explanation are not incompatible, for a remote common origin could have been followed by one or more periods of interaction. Nevertheless, it is worth seeing how far an explanation of common origin can be pressed before falling back on the explanation of contact.
Marxism in the Emergence and Fragmentation of Liberationist Christianity in Argentina
Authors: Bradbury Pablo
Published: January 2021

Studies of liberationist Christianity in Argentina have largely explained its emergence with reference to changes or continuities within the Catholic Church. This article instead analyses firstly how Marxist humanism, dependency theory and left nationalism shaped a rapprochement with Christianity in the 1960s, with Peronism often functioning as an intermediary. Moreover, it demonstrates the ways in which the ongoing ambivalent relationship between Marxism and the liberationist Christian movement in Argentina manifested in the fragmentation of the Movimiento de Sacerdotes para el Tercer Mundo (Movement of Priests for the Third World) in the first half of the 1970s. In doing so, it identifies Marxism not as merely a passive repository of ideas but as an active agent in liberationist Christianity's development, and adds a new layer of understanding of the dynamics and fragmentation of the movement.
Development of a checklist to guide equity considerations in health technology assessment
Authors: Benkhalti Maria , Espinoza Manuel , Cookson Richard , Welch Vivian , Tugwell Peter , Dagenais Pierre
Published: January 2021

Objectives

Health technology assessment (HTA) can impact health inequities by informing healthcare priority-setting decisions. This paper presents a novel checklist to guide HTA practitioners looking to include equity considerations in their work: the equity checklist for HTA (ECHTA). The list is pragmatically organized according to the generic HTA phases and can be consulted at each step.

Methods

A first set of items was based on the framework for equity in HTA developed by Culyer and Bombard. After rewording and reorganizing according to five HTA phases, they were complemented by elements emerging from a literature search. Consultations with method experts, decision makers, and stakeholders further refined the items. Further feedback was sought during a presentation of the tool at an international HTA conference. Lastly, the checklist was piloted through all five stages of an HTA.

Results

ECHTA proposes elements to be considered at each one of the five HTA phases: Scoping, Evaluation, Recommendations and Conclusions, Knowledge Translation and Implementation, and Reassessment. More than a simple checklist, the tool provides details and examples that guide the evaluators through an analysis in each phase. A pilot test is also presented, which demonstrates the ECHTA's usability and added value.

Conclusions

ECHTA provides guidance for HTA evaluators wishing to ensure that their conclusions do not contribute to inequalities in health. Several points to build upon the current checklist will be addressed by a working group of experts, and further feedback is welcome from evaluators who have used the tool.
Emotions and the tolerance of large carnivores: pumas in a crop-based landscape in Brazil
Authors: Dechner Andrea
Published: January 2021

Understanding the factors that affect the tolerance of carnivores is critical for proposing strategies for their conservation. A widely known hazard-acceptance model for large carnivores proposes that, unlike cognitive factors, emotional (affective) factors are secondary drivers of tolerance towards these species. The main objective of this article is to compare the effect of affective and cognitive factors on the tolerance of pumas (Puma concolor), using 109 semi-structured interviews conducted in a rural landscape in the state of Bahia (Brazil). Through the use of cumulative link models I found that although the cognitive model explained a considerable amount of variability (gen. R2 = 0.38) in the tolerance of the species, the affective model explained a higher amount of variability (gen. R2 = 0.44). In addition, an integrative model containing cognitive and affective factors explained the highest amount of variability (gen. R2 = 0.51). Contrary to what has been believed for decades, humans may not process information regarding wildlife from a purely analytical viewpoint, and social-based strategies for carnivore conservation should benefit from integrative approaches that consider emotional responses to wildlife.
Rethinking the Role of the Speaker: Power, Institutional Development, and the Myth of the “Impartial Moderator” in the Early US House of Representatives
Authors: PEART DANIEL
Published: January 2021

The early Speakers of the US House of Representatives, most historians and political scientists have agreed, aspired only to facilitate legislative business; the office served as an “impartial moderator,” its functions were “largely ceremonial,” and its occupants of no more consequence than a mere “traffic cop.” This article challenges that conclusion by presenting episodes from the tenures of four early Speakers—Jonathan Dayton, Theodore Sedgwick, Nathaniel Macon, and Joseph B. Varnum—to illustrate their contributions to debates that still occupy us today: the relationship between Congress and president; the scope of federal power; the extent of constitutional freedoms; and the functions and limitations of party government. At a moment when scholars are showing renewed interest in the historical mechanics of lawmaking, this article argues for reinserting the Speakership back into the heart of that process, where it has always belonged.
Large‐Scale Fracture Systems Are Permeable Pathways for Fault Activation During Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Igonin Nadine , Verdon James P. , Kendall J.‐Michael , Eaton David W.
Published: January 2021

Induced seismicity due to fluid injection, including hydraulic fracturing, is an increasingly common phenomenon worldwide; yet, the mechanisms by which hydraulic fracturing causes fault activation remain unclear. Here we show that preexisting fracture networks are instrumental in transferring fluid pressures to larger faults on which dynamic rupture occurs. Studies of hydraulic fracturing‐induced seismicity in North America have often used observations from regional seismograph networks at distances of 10s of km, and as such lack the resolution to answer some of the key questions about triggering mechanisms. To carry out a more detailed analysis of the mechanisms of fault activation, we use data from a dense sensor array located at a hydraulic‐fracturing site in Alberta, Canada. The spatiotemporal distribution of event hypocenters, coupled with measurements of seismic anisotropy, reveal the presence of preexisting fracture corridors that allowed communication of fluid‐pressure perturbations to larger faults, over distances of 1 km or more. The presence of preexisting permeable fracture networks can significantly increase the volume of rock affected by the pore‐pressure increase, thereby increasing the probability of induced seismicity. This study demonstrates the importance of understanding the connectivity of preexisting natural fractures for assessing potential seismic hazards associated with hydraulic fracturing of shale formations and offers a detailed case exposition of induced seismicity due to hydraulic fracturing.
Seismic Efficiency for Simple Crater Formation in the Martian Top Crust Analog
Authors: Rajšić A. , Miljković K. , Collins G. S. , Wünnemann K. , Daubar I. J. , Wójcicka N. , Wieczorek M. A.
Published: January 2021

The first seismometer operating on the surface of another planet was deployed by the NASA InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) mission to Mars. It gives us an opportunity to investigate the seismicity of Mars, including any seismic activity caused by small meteorite bombardment. Detectability of impact generated seismic signals is closely related to the seismic efficiency, defined as the fraction of the impactor's kinetic energy transferred into the seismic energy in a target medium. This work investigated the seismic efficiency of the Martian near surface associated with small meteorite impacts on Mars. We used the iSALE‐2D (Impact‐Simplified Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) shock physics code to simulate the formation of the meter‐size impact craters, and we used a recently formed 1.5 m diameter crater as a case study. The Martian crust was simulated as unfractured nonporous bedrock, fractured bedrock with 25% porosity, and highly porous regolith with 44% and 65% porosity. We used appropriate strength and porosity models defined in previous works, and we identified that the seismic efficiency is very sensitive to the speed of sound and elastic threshold in the target medium. We constrained the value of the impact‐related seismic efficiency to be between the order of ∼10‐7 to 10‐6 for the regolith and ∼10‐4 to 10‐3 for the bedrock. For new impacts occurring on Mars, this work can help understand the near‐surface properties of the Martian crust, and it contributes to the understanding of impact detectability via seismic signals as a function of the target media.
Evaluation of Standardized Psychological Screening for Pediatric Inpatients
Authors: Albright Dana K. , Gornik Allison , Andersen Melissa , Monroe Kimberly , Kullgren Kristin A.
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study aimed to examine the efficacy of a psychological screening tool for hospitalized pediatric patients to identify those at high risk for adjustment difficulties and optimize referrals to pediatric behavioral health (BH) providers. Specifically, this study evaluated the PROMIS® Parent Proxy 25 to capture the psychosocial needs of the inpatient pediatric population admitted to the general medicine floor in a free standing children’s hospital. Methods: The PROMIS® Parent Proxy 25 was administered to parents of children ages 5 to 17 ( N = 128). Chart review was used to group children into those who did or did not receive BH consultation during their admission. Results: Results indicate that the PROMIS® Parent Proxy Anxiety and Depression scales consistently differentiated between children’s consultation status while also indicating a notable level of unmet need in children who did not receive BH consultation. Examination of patterns of scale elevations also provides further information to guide consultations to BH services. Conclusions: Results suggest that the PROMIS® Parent Proxy 25 may be a useful screening tool to determine pediatric patients who need BH referrals. Parental responses to the screener may also be used by CL services to identify patients with BH needs, which would enhance medical provider assessment of patient needs and factors impacting patient functioning.

Implications for Impact Statement

This study demonstrates the utility of a psychological screening tool (PROMIS® Parent Proxy 25) for hospitalized pediatric patients. Effective psychological screening aids the accurate and efficient linking of patients in need with important mental health services.
Targeting TRPV1-mediated autophagy attenuates nitrogen mustard-induced dermal toxicity
Authors: Chen Mingliang , Dong Xunhu , Deng Haoyue , Ye Feng , Zhao Yuanpeng , Cheng Jin , Dan Guorong , Zhao Jiqing , Sai Yan , Bian Xiuwu , Zou Zhongmin
Published: January 2021

Nitrogen mustard (NM) causes severe vesicating skin injury, which lacks effective targeted therapies. The major limitation is that the specific mechanism of NM-induced skin injury is not well understood. Recently, autophagy has been found to play important roles in physical and chemical exposure-caused cutaneous injuries. However, whether autophagy contributes to NM-induced dermal toxicity is unclear. Herein, we initially confirmed that NM dose-dependently caused cell death and induced autophagy in keratinocytes. Suppression of autophagy by 3-methyladenine, chloroquine, and bafilomycin A1 or ATG5 siRNA attenuated NM-induced keratinocyte cell death. Furthermore, NM increased transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) expression, intracellular Ca2+ content, and the activities of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). NM-induced autophagy in keratinocytes was abolished by treatment with inhibitors of TRPV1 (capsazepine), CaMKKβ (STO-609), AMPK (compound C), and ULK1 (SBI-0206965) as well as TRPV1, CaMKKβ, and AMPK siRNA transfection. In addition, an mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin) had no significant effect on NM-stimulated autophagy or cell death of keratinocytes. Finally, the results of the in vivo experiment in NM-treated skin tissues were consistent with the findings of the in vitro experiment. In conclusion, NM-caused dermal toxicity by overactivating autophagy partially through the activation of TRPV1-Ca2+-CaMKKβ-AMPK-ULK1 signaling pathway. These results suggest that blocking TRPV1-dependent autophagy could be a potential treatment strategy for NM-caused cutaneous injury.
Author Correction: Environmental variability supports chimpanzee behavioural diversity
Authors: Kalan Ammie K. , Kulik Lars , Arandjelovic Mimi , Boesch Christophe , Haas Fabian , Dieguez Paula , Barratt Christopher D. , Abwe Ekwoge E. , Agbor Anthony , Angedakin Samuel , Aubert Floris , Ayimisin Emmanuel Ayuk , Bailey Emma , Bessone Mattia , Brazzola Gregory , Buh Valentine Ebua , Chancellor Rebecca , Cohen Heather , Coupland Charlotte , Curran Bryan , Danquah Emmanuel , Deschner Tobias , Dowd Dervla , Eno-Nku Manasseh , Fay J. Michael , Goedmakers Annemarie , Granjon Anne-Céline , Head Josephine , Hedwig Daniela , Hermans Veerle , Jeffery Kathryn J. , Jones Sorrel , Junker Jessica , Kadam Parag , Kambi Mohamed , Kienast Ivonne , Kujirakwinja Deo , Langergraber Kevin E. , Lapuente Juan , Larson Bradley , Lee Kevin C. , Leinert Vera , Llana Manuel , Marrocoli Sergio , Meier Amelia C. , Morgan Bethan , Morgan David , Neil Emily , Nicholl Sonia , Normand Emmanuelle , Ormsby Lucy Jayne , Pacheco Liliana , Piel Alex , Preece Jodie , Robbins Martha M. , Rundus Aaron , Sanz Crickette , Sommer Volker , Stewart Fiona , Tagg Nikki , Tennie Claudio , Vergnes Virginie , Welsh Adam , Wessling Erin G. , Willie Jacob , Wittig Roman M. , Yuh Yisa Ginath , Zuberbühler Klaus , Kühl Hjalmar S.
Published: January 2021

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21010-z.
Life expectancy and mortality in 363 cities of Latin America
Authors:   the SALURBAL group, Bilal Usama , Hessel Philipp , Perez-Ferrer Carolina , Michael Yvonne L. , Alfaro Tania , Tenorio-Mucha Janeth , Friche Amelia A. L. , Pina Maria Fatima , Vives Alejandra , Quick Harrison , Alazraqui Marcio , Rodriguez Daniel A. , Miranda J. Jaime , Diez-Roux Ana V.
Published: January 2021

The concept of a so-called urban advantage in health ignores the possibility of heterogeneity in health outcomes across cities. Using a harmonized dataset from the SALURBAL project, we describe variability and predictors of life expectancy and proportionate mortality in 363 cities across nine Latin American countries. Life expectancy differed substantially across cities within the same country. Cause-specific mortality also varied across cities, with some causes of death (unintentional and violent injuries and deaths) showing large variation within countries, whereas other causes of death (communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional, cancer, cardiovascular disease and other noncommunicable diseases) varied substantially between countries. In multivariable mixed models, higher levels of education, water access and sanitation and less overcrowding were associated with longer life expectancy, a relatively lower proportion of communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional deaths and a higher proportion of deaths from cancer, cardiovascular disease and other noncommunicable diseases. These results highlight considerable heterogeneity in life expectancy and causes of death across cities of Latin America, revealing modifiable factors that could be amenable to urban policies aimed toward improving urban health in Latin America and more generally in other urban environments.
A dataset of remote-sensed Forel-Ule Index for global inland waters during 2000–2018
Authors: Wang Shenglei , Li Junsheng , Zhang Wenzhi , Cao Chang , Zhang Fangfang , Shen Qian , Zhang Xianfeng , Zhang Bing
Published: January 2021

Water colour is the result of its constituents and their interactions with solar irradiance; this forms the basis for water quality monitoring using optical remote sensing data. The Forel-Ule Index (FUI) is a useful comprehensive indicator to show the water colour variability and water quality change in both inland waters and oceans. In recent decades, lakes around the world have experienced dramatic changes in water quality under pressure from both climate change and anthropogenic activities. However, acquiring consistent water colour products for global lakes has been a challenge. In this paper we present the first time series FUI dataset for large global lakes from 2000–2018 based on MODIS observations. This dataset provides significant information on spatial and temporal changes of water colour for global large lakes during the past 19 years. It will be valuable to studies in search of the drivers of global and regional lake colour change, and the interaction mechanisms between water colour, hydrological factors, climate change, and anthropogenic activities.
Altitude and risk of sudden unexpected infant death in the United States
Authors: Johnston Richard , Yan Xiaohan , Anderson Tatiana M. , Mitchell Edwin A.
Published: January 2021

The effect of altitude on the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has been reported previously, but with conflicting findings. We aimed to examine whether the risk of sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) varies with altitude in the United States. Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)’s Cohort Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set for births between 2005 and 2010 were examined. County of birth was used to estimate altitude. Logistic regression and Generalized Additive Model (GAM) were used, adjusting for year, mother’s race, Hispanic origin, marital status, age, education and smoking, father’s age and race, number of prenatal visits, plurality, live birth order, and infant’s sex, birthweight and gestation. There were 25,305,778 live births over the 6-year study period. The total number of deaths from SUID in this period were 23,673 (rate = 0.94/1000 live births). In the logistic regression model there was a small, but statistically significant, increased risk of SUID associated with birth at > 8000 feet compared with < 6000 feet (aOR = 1.93; 95% CI 1.00–3.71). The GAM showed a similar increased risk over 8000 feet, but this was not statistically significant. Only 9245 (0.037%) of mothers gave birth at > 8000 feet during the study period and 10 deaths (0.042%) were attributed to SUID. The number of SUID deaths at this altitude in the United States is very small (10 deaths in 6 years).
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota in Polish patients with ulcerative colitis: a pilot study
Authors: Zakerska-Banaszak Oliwia , Tomczak Hanna , Gabryel Marcin , Baturo Alina , Wolko Lukasz , Michalak Michal , Malinska Natalia , Mankowska-Wierzbicka Dorota , Eder Piotr , Dobrowolska Agnieszka , Slomski Ryszard , Skrzypczak-Zielinska Marzena
Published: January 2021

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder, whose etiology is not fully understood and for which no effective treatment is available. Recently, research has focused on the dysbiosis of gut microbiome in UC. However, the results so far remain inconsistent and insufficient to understand the microbial component in UC pathogenesis. In this study, we determine specific changes in the gut microbial profile in Polish UC patients compared to healthy subjects for the first time. Using 16S rRNA gene-based analysis we have described the intestinal microbial community in a group of 20 individuals (10 UC patients and 10 controls). Our results after multiple hypothesis testing correction demonstrated substantially lower gut microbiome diversity in UC cases compared to the controls and considerable differences at the phylum level, as well as among 13 bacterial families and 20 bacterial genera (p < 0.05). UC samples were more abundant in Proteobacteria (8.42%), Actinobacteria (6.89%) and Candidate Division TM7 (2.88%) than those of healthy volunteers (2.57%, 2.29% and 0.012%, respectively). On the other hand, Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia were presented at a lower level in UC relative to the controls (14% and 0% vs 27.97% and 4.47%, respectively). In conclusion, our results show a reduced gut microbial diversity in Polish UC patients, a reduction of taxa with an anti-inflammatory impact and an increased abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria.
Valproic acid influences the expression of genes implicated with hyperglycaemia-induced complement and coagulation pathways
Authors: Felisbino Marina Barreto , Ziemann Mark , Khurana Ishant , Okabe Jun , Al-Hasani Keith , Maxwell Scott , Harikrishnan K. N. , de Oliveira Camila Borges Martins , Mello Maria Luiza S. , El-Osta Assam
Published: January 2021

Because the liver plays a major role in metabolic homeostasis and secretion of clotting factors and inflammatory innate immune proteins, there is interest in understanding the mechanisms of hepatic cell activation under hyperglycaemia and whether this can be attenuated pharmacologically. We have previously shown that hyperglycaemia stimulates major changes in chromatin organization and metabolism in hepatocytes, and that the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) is able to reverse some of these metabolic changes. In this study, we have used RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate how VPA influences gene expression in hepatocytes. Interesting, we observed that VPA attenuates hyperglycaemia-induced activation of complement and coagulation cascade genes. We also observe that many of the gene activation events coincide with changes to histone acetylation at the promoter of these genes indicating that epigenetic regulation is involved in VPA action.
Author Correction: Spatial variance-mass allometry of population density in felids from camera-trapping studies worldwide
Authors: Anile Stefano , Devillard Sébastien
Published: January 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Development of immunochromatographic strips for the detection of dicofol
Authors: Liu Jie , Song Shanshan , Wu Aihong , Kuang Hua , Liu Liqiang , Xiao Jing , Xu Chuanlai
Published: January 2021

A mAb against dicofol was developed to prepare ICAs for the detection of dicofol residues in fruit and vegetables. The ICA method gave a visible LOD of 50 ng g−1, and a cut-off value of 500 ng g−1 for the detection of dicofol in foods with the naked eye.
Naked-eye colorimetric detection of HCV RNA mediated by a 5′ UTR-targeted antisense oligonucleotide and plasmonic gold nanoparticles
Authors: Mohammed Almas Shamaila , Balapure Aniket , Khaja Mahammad Nanne , Ganesan Ramakrishnan , Dutta Jayati Ray
Published: January 2021

An Au NP based facile strategy for the rapid, early-stage, and sensitive detection of HCV RNA in clinical samples which avoids thiol tagging to the antisense oligonucleotide and expensive infrastructure is presented.
Enhanced room temperature ionic conductivity of the LiBH4·1/2NH3–Al2O3 composite
Authors: Zhang Ruixue , Zhao Wanying , Liu Zhenzhen , Wei Shanghai , Yan Yigang , Chen Yungui
Published: January 2021

In situ formed amorphous LiBH4·1/2NH3 on the surface of Al2O3 nanoparticles results in an enhanced ion conductivity of 1.1 × 10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature.
Purine-based Ir(iii) complexes for sensing viscosity of endo-plasmic reticulum with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy
Authors: Liu Xin , Li Kun , Shi Lei , Zhang Hong , Liu Yan-Hong , Wang Hao-Yuan , Wang Nan , Yu Xiao-Qi
Published: January 2021

Purine-based Ir(iii) complexes had excellent ER targeting and could reflect the physiological state by FLIM.
From a P4 butterfly scaffold to cyclo- and catena-P4 units
Authors: Müller Julian , Balázs Gábor , Scheer Manfred
Published: January 2021

The coordination behavior of the P4 butterfly complex toward various d6-based half-sandwich complexes is investigated, with the P4 unit being selectively activated.
Ferromagnetic coupling in a dicopper(ii) oxamate complex bridged by carboxylate groups
Authors: da Cunha Tamyris T. , da Silveira Cleverton O. C. , Barbosa Vitor M. M. , Oliveira Willian X. C. , da Silva Júnior Eufrânio N. , Ferreira Fabio F. , Pedroso Emerson F. , Pereira Cynthia L. M.
Published: January 2021

The self-assembly of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)oxamate ligands and copper(ii) ions result in a dinuclear copper complex bridged by carboxylate moieties of the oxamate ligands exhibiting a ferromagnetic coupling.
Ice nucleation activity of iron oxides via immersion freezing and an examination of the high ice nucleation activity of FeO
Authors: Chong Esther , Marak Katherine E. , Li Yang , Freedman Miriam Arak
Published: January 2021

FeO has enhanced ice nucleation activity due to functional groups that are exposed upon mechanical processing.
How does α1Histidine102 affect the binding of modulators to α1β2γ2GABAAreceptors? molecular insights fromin silicoexperiments
Authors: Amundarain María Julia , Caffarena Ernesto Raúl , Costabel Marcelo Daniel
Published: January 2021

In this computational study we determined that the binding of diazepam and flumazenil to α1β2γ2GABAAreceptors is sensitive to α1His102 protonation and rotameric state.
Structure and excited-state dynamics of dimeric copper(i) photosensitizers investigated by time-resolved X-ray and optical transient absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Velasco Lucía , Llanos Leonel , Levín Pedro , Vega Andrés , Yu Jin , Zhang Xiaoyi , Lemus Luis , Aravena Daniel , Moonshiram Dooshaye
Published: January 2021

Three homoleptic Cu(i) dimeric photosensitizers are studied through ultrafast X-ray and optical absorption spectroscopy. The complexes show distinct excited state lifetimes, due to the solvent type and spacers' flexibilities between the Cu centres.
Isolated and assembled silver aggregates on the Si(001) surface: the initial stage of film formation
Authors: Huang Kai , Huang Xiaohang , Nogami Jun
Published: January 2021

A series of silver intermediates (dimers, tetramers and chains) are identified, exhibiting rich dynamics en route to forming an extended monolayer silver film on the silicon(001) substrate.
Directing group migration strategy in transition-metal-catalysed direct C–H functionalization
Authors: Wu Yingtao , Pi Chao , Wu Yangjie , Cui Xiuling
Published: January 2021

In this tutorial review, the rapid advances of directing group (DG) migration in transition-metal-catalysed direct C–H activation was presented through analyzing and comparing the different bond cleavage trigger DG migration (including N–O, N–C, N–N or O–C).
Biochemistry of aerobic biological methane oxidation
Authors: Koo Christopher W. , Rosenzweig Amy C.
Published: January 2021

Methane monooxygenase enzymes use metal cofactors to activate methane under ambient, aerobic conditions. This review highlights recent progress in understanding the structure and activity of the membrane-bound and soluble methane monooxygenases.
Influence of linkers on the Kuratowski-type secondary building unit in nickel single-site MOFs for ethylene oligomerization catalysis: a computational study
Authors: Ortega Daniela E. , Matute Ricardo A.
Published: January 2021

Ni-Kuratowski-type MOFs were studied computationally for ethylene oligomerization and the catalytic performance of sterically different linkers was elucidated.
Renewable carbon feedstock for polymers: environmental benefits from synergistic use of biomass and CO2
Authors: Bachmann Marvin , Kätelhön Arne , Winter Benedikt , Meys Raoul , Müller Leonard Jan , Bardow André
Published: January 2021

In this study, we explore synergetic effects between biomass and CO2 utilization to reduce both GHG emissions and renewable resource use.
Greener production of dimethyl carbonate by the Power-to-Fuel concept: a comparative techno-economic analysis
Authors: Huang Hong , Samsun Remzi Can , Peters Ralf , Stolten Detlef
Published: January 2021

Techno-economic performances of four different dimethyl carbonate production pathways are analysed based on the Power-to-Fuel concept.
Shear-free mixing to achieve accurate temporospatial nanoscale kinetics through scanning-SAXS: ion-induced phase transition of dispersed cellulose nanocrystals
Authors: Rosén Tomas , Wang Ruifu , He HongRui , Zhan Chengbo , Chodankar Shirish , Hsiao Benjamin S.
Published: January 2021

We present a shear-free flow-focusing mixing experiment to study time-resolved reaction kinetics of nanoscale materials through scanning-SAXS.
Synthesis, crystal structure and theoretical calculations of two rare-earth borates with DUV cut-off edges
Authors: Ma Qin , Tong Tinghao , Su Zhi
Published: January 2021

Two isomorphic rare-earth borate crystals, YZnB5O10and GdZnB5O10, show three-dimensional structures constructed from two-dimensional {[B5O10]5−}nlayers with the Y or Gd, and zinc ions filled in the interlayers, and exhibit DUV cut-off edges (<190 nm).
A three-component, general and practical route for diastereoselective synthesis of aza-spirocyclic pyrazolones via a decarboxylative annulation process
Authors: Awasthi Annapurna , Yadav Pushpendra , Tiwari Dharmendra Kumar
Published: January 2021

An efficient, general, and practical route for highly diastereoselective synthesis of aza-spirocyclic pyrazolones from easily available α-amino acids, aldehydes, and alkylidene pyrazolones by means of a decarboxylative annulation process is reported.