bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unpacking the cognitive processes of the boundedly rational newsvendor
Authors: Niranjan Tarikere T. , Ghosalya Narendra K. , Menon Raveen R. , Rotaru Kristian , Gavirneni Srinagesh
Published: June 2023

We report on the findings of five controlled experiments that test the effectiveness of proposed interventions aiming to improve both the process and outcomes of decision making when performing the newsvendor task. We use eye‐tracking technology aided by interviews to gain new insights into people's cognitive processes. Our results confirm that human newsvendors exhibit the tendency of mean‐reverting demand prediction using past demand even when the demand is independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). This points toward the presence of the cognitive bias known as the law of small numbers in the decision‐making process. The interventions involving ordering multiple products instead of the same product repeatedly, feedback frequency reduction, training and provision of optimal solution, all reduce reliance on the past demand, thereby reducing the extent of the mean‐reverting tendency. Yet, none of these interventions eliminated this tendency completely; overall, judgmental forecasting persisted, albeit at a lower extent or in a different form. This tendency provides a plausible explanation for the fact that the interventions (and the resultant reduction in reliance on past demand) fail to lead to performance improvements. While the qualitative analysis of the interviews shows the subjects’ intention to not rely on past demand in some instances, their gaze behavior shows that the past demand continued to impact their orders to varied degrees. Mere reduction (or even removal) of irrelevant information does not automatically make the subjects shift their focus to the relevant information and use them as intended.
Waterbird–habitat relationships in South Carolina: implications for protection, restoration, and management of coastal and inland wetlands
Authors: Masto Nicholas M. , Hsiung An C. , Kaminski Richard M. , Ross Beth E. , Kneece Molly R. , Wilkerson Garrett. L. , Baldwin Robert F. , Hanks Richard Daniel , Wiggers Ernie P. , Folk Travis H. , Perry Robert D. , Coen Richard H. , Leland Robert Castles , Anderson James T.
Published: June 2023

South Carolina coastal and inland wetlands are continentally important to resident, migrating, and wintering dabbling ducks (Anatini), diving and sea ducks (Aythini, Mergini, Oxyurini), pelagic waterbirds (Anhingidae, Laridae, Pelicanidae, and Phalcrocoracidae), and wading birds (Ardeidaie, Ciconiidae, Threskiornithidae). Our goal was to model wetland selection of these waterbird guilds in South Carolina during autumn–winter to determine habitat preferences and guide wetland conservation and restoration amid sea‐level rise and other coastal pressures. We conducted aerial surveys and recorded waterbird occurrence and relative abundance in winters 2017–2019. We modeled waterbird–habitat relationships relative to managed and unmanaged coastal and inland wetlands, legally protected conservation lands (e.g. federal, state, and private easements), and habitat diversity. Waterbirds selected a variety of wetlands emphasizing the importance of wetland diversity within habitat complexes. However, only managed tidal impoundments (MTIs) and protected conservation lands were selected across all waterbird guilds. Results suggest these are contemporary keystone habitats for promoting wintering waterbird abundance and diversity in South Carolina and other South Atlantic coastal regions. To compensate for future coastal wetland loss while facilitating the current and future needs of migrating and wintering waterbirds, we recommend: (1) identification and continued management of MTIs resilient to sea‐level rise; (2) strategic planning and partnerships for land acquisition and legal protections inland; and (3) land protection networks between extant coastal and inland sites designated for future construction and emigration of decommissioned MTIs. Stakeholder and partner engagement is paramount to prioritize resource allocation for the restoration, construction, and decommissioning of coastal and inland wetlands.
Attachment representations in 7‐year‐old children at familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: Associations with mental disorders and daily functioning
Authors: Gregersen Maja , Ellersgaard Ditte , Søndergaard Anne , Christiani Camilla , Hemager Nicoline , Spang Katrine Søborg , Burton Birgitte Klee , Uddin Md Jamal , Ohland Jessica , Gantriis Ditte , Greve Aja , Hjorthøj Carsten , Mors Ole , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , Nordentoft Merete , Clemmensen Lars , Jepsen Jens Richardt Møllegaard , Thorup Anne Amalie Elgaard
Published: June 2023

Background

Attachment quality may affect psychological functioning. However, evidence on attachment representations and their correlates in children born to parents with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is sparse.

Methods

We compared attachment representations in a Danish sample of 482 children aged 7 years at familial high risk of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and population‐based controls and examined associations between attachment and mental disorders and daily functioning. Attachment representations were examined with the Story Stem Assessment Profile (SSAP). Mental disorders were ascertained in diagnostic interviews. Daily functioning was assessed with the Children's Global Assessment Scale.

Results

We found no between‐group differences in attachment. Higher levels of secure attachment were associated with decreased risk of concurrent mental disorders in the schizophrenia high‐risk group. Higher levels of insecure and disorganized attachment were associated with increased risk of mental disorders across the cohort. Higher levels of secure and insecure attachment were associated with better and poorer daily functioning, respectively. In the current study, results regarding defensive avoidance could not be reported due to methodological limitations.

Conclusion

Familial high risk of schizophrenia (FHR‐SZ) or bipolar disorder is not associated with less secure or more insecure attachment at age 7. Insecure and disorganized attachment representations index risk of mental disorders and poorer functioning. Secure attachment may be a protective factor against mental disorders in children at FHR‐SZ. Validation of the SSAP is needed.
Determining soil quality indicators for alluvial plains in the semi‐arid tropics
Authors: Lalitha M. , Kalaiselvi B. , Dharumarajan S. , Anil Kumar K. S. , Ramesh Kumar S. C. , Srinivasan R. , Ramamurthy V. , Hegde Rajendra
Published: June 2023

Evaluating soil quality in the alluvial plains of the semi‐arid tropics is vital to understand the impact of existing land management practices, thus facilitating the adoption of more sustainable agricultural methods. We analysed soil profiles using 146 horizon‐specific samples from 24 pedons, representing seven soil series from the sub‐tropical to semi‐arid River Cauvery Delta basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Using principal component analysis (PCA), we identified minimum datasets (MDS) from 30 different soil properties. The plough layer's MDS were clay content, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), very coarse sand content, soil pH and soil organic carbon (SOC). For the subsurface layer, sand content, ESP, SOC, diethylene‐triamine‐pentaacetic acid extractable zinc (DTPA‐Zn), and very coarse sand content were identified as the MDS. Soil quality index (SQI) values were 0.47–0.72 for the plough layer and 0.46–0.56 for the subsurface soil, suggesting limited soil function support in subsurface soils. Surface soil‐site suitability criteria displayed a moderate correlation with SQI values derived via PCA, with additive (R2 = .545) and weighted additive indices (R2 = .659). Both simple additive index and weighted derived SQIs demonstrated a moderate association with rice yield (R2 = .50 and .55, respectively). This research indicates the potential to identify soil quality indicators in alluvial plains of semi‐arid tropics.
Exploring the spatiotemporal relationships between search flows and travel flows
Authors: Chen Yuzhou , Gong Zhaoya , Ma Qiwei , Tao Ran
Published: June 2023

Numerous studies attempted to associate search engine data with travel behaviors. However, most existing studies focus on the destinations of search and travel, while ignoring the origins, which embed critical information of where the search requests were initiated and where the travelers came from. In this study, we explore the relationships between two types of intercity origin–destination flow data, namely travel flows and search flows, which, respectively, record the number of travelers and search requests from one city towards another. By comparing the two flows during holiday and non‐holiday, we examine their complex spatiotemporal relationships from multiple perspectives, including time‐lag effect, distance decay effect, spatial autocorrelation, network community, cities' rankings, and important factors of search and travel activities. The findings can deepen our understanding of search and travel behaviors, hence they can help decision makers to develop targeted strategies to enhance city's attractiveness, improve transportation infrastructure, and promote tourism.
Machine Learning in Sport Social Media Research: Practical Uses and Opportunities
Authors: Du James , Mamo Yoseph Z. , Floyd Carter , Karthikeyan Niveditha , James Jeffrey D.
Published: June 2023

In tandem with the burgeoning popularity of social media research in the field of sport communication and marketing, we are witnessing a concomitant rise in its epistemological sophistication. Despite this growth, the field has given less attention to methodological issues and implications. In light of the development of machine learning, the overarching goal of the current research was to answer the call for innovative methodological approaches to advance knowledge in the area of social media research. Specifically, we (a) assess the current state of sport social media research from a methodological perspective, with a particular focus on machine learning; (b) present an empirical illustration to demonstrate how sport scholars can benefit from the advancement in natural language processing and the derivative topic modeling techniques; (c) discuss how machine learning could enhance the rigor of social media research and improve theory development; and (d) offer potential opportunities and directions for the future sport social media research that utilizes machine learning.
The Targeted Deletion of Genes Responsible for Expression of the Mth60 Fimbriae Leads to Loss of Cell-Cell Connections in Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus ΔH
Authors: Fink Christian , Martinez-Cano Gines , Shuster Jeremiah , Panzera Aurora , Rennhack Kim E. , Rohbohm Nils , Angenent Largus T. , Molitor Bastian
Published: June 2023

Methanothermobacter
spp. have been studied for the biochemistry of hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis for many years. However, a detailed investigation of certain aspects, such as regulatory processes, was impossible due to the lack of genetic tools.
Terabase-Scale Coassembly of a Tropical Soil Microbiome
Authors: Riley Robert , Bowers Robert M. , Camargo Antonio Pedro , Campbell Ashley , Egan Rob , Eloe-Fadrosh Emiley A. , Foster Brian , Hofmeyr Steven , Huntemann Marcel , Kellom Matthew , Kimbrel Jeffrey A. , Oliker Leonid , Yelick Katherine , Pett-Ridge Jennifer , Salamov Asaf , Varghese Neha J. , Clum Alicia
Published: June 2023

Petabases of reads are being produced by environmental metagenome sequencing. An essential step in analyzing these data is metagenome assembly, the computational reconstruction of genome sequences from microbial communities. “Coassembly” of metagenomic sequence data, in which multiple samples are assembled together, enables more complete detection of microbial genomes in an environment than “multiassembly,” in which samples are assembled individually.
Evaluation of Neutralizing Activity against Omicron Subvariants in BA.5 Breakthrough Infection and Three-Dose Vaccination Using a Novel Chemiluminescence-Based, Virus-Mediated Cytopathic Assay
Authors: Toyoda Mako , Tan Toong Seng , Motozono Chihiro , Barabona Godfrey , Yonekawa Akiko , Shimono Nobuyuki , Minami Rumi , Nagasaki Yoji , Miyashita Yusuke , Oshiumi Hiroyuki , Nakamura Kimitoshi , Matsushita Shuzo , Kuwata Takeo , Ueno Takamasa
Published: June 2023

The ongoing global pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has emphasized the importance of neutralizing immunity in protecting individuals and populations against severe respiratory illness. In light of the emergence of viral variants with the potential to evade immunity, continuous monitoring is imperative.
Characteristics and mechanism of large deformation of squeezing tunnel in phyllite stratum
Authors: Zhao Jinpeng , Tan Zhongsheng , Li Qinglou , Li Lei
Published: June 2023

The Maoxian Tunnel in Sichuan, China has experienced significant deformation and supporting failure in the surrounding phyllite rock. To address this problem, on-site engineering geological investigation and testing methods were deployed in the present study to examine the characteristics and mechanism of deformation in the tunnel. Scanning electron microscopy, rock hydraulic tests, and uniaxial compressive tests were used to investigate the hydraulic and mechanical properties of the surrounding rock, and to examine the mechanisms underlying the significant deformation. The results suggest that the large deformation in Maoxian Tunnel is a result of shear expansion and progressive failure of the soft rock under high stress. To enhance the integrity and self-sustaining ability of the rock mass, it is necessary to promptly construct support structures and reinforce the surrounding rock.
Integrating hydroacoustic and telemetric surveys to estimate fish abundance: a new approach to an old problem
Authors: Shuter Brian J. , Milne Scott W. , Hrenchuk Lee E. , deKerckhove Derrick T. , Rennie Michael D.
Published: June 2023

Population abundance is a critical metric in fisheries and conservation, but it is very difficult to measure accurately. Existing estimation methods present significant challenges: mark–recapture methods are time- and labour-intensive, and hydroacoustic echo counting methods face issues with target identity and the habitat types where they can be effectively applied. We present a new methodology for abundance estimation that can improve the reliability of echo counting methods. Split beam hydroacoustic survey data are integrated with telemetry data from fish bearing acoustic transponder tags. These tags are counted by a spatially and temporally concurrent multibeam acoustic survey to produce mark–recapture abundance estimates. We assessed this approach on four wild lake trout populations, ranging in abundance from ∼200 to ∼3000 adults. Our abundance estimates were consistent with those derived from conventional Schnabel and Jolly–Seber mark–recapture studies. We show that the precision achievable with this method in 1 year of field work rivals that provided by long-term (>10 years) continuous mark–recapture studies. We also discuss other ecological questions that could be addressed with this approach.
Generalized parton distributions of sea quark at zero skewness in the light-cone model
Authors: Luan Xiaoyan , Lu Zhun
Published: June 2023

We study the chiral-even generalized parton distributions (GPDs) of $${\bar{u}}$$

u

¯

and $${\bar{d}}$$

d

¯

quarks at zero skewness using the overlap representation within the light cone formalism. The GPDs of $${\bar{u}}$$

u

¯

and $${\bar{d}}$$

d

¯

quarks can be expressed as the convolution of the light cone wave functions which are obtained from the baryon-meson fluctuation model in terms of the $$|q{\bar{q}}B\rangle $$

|
q

q

¯

B
⟩

Fock states. We present the numerical results for $$H^{{\bar{u}}/P}(x,\xi ,\Delta ^2)$$

H

u

¯

/
P

(
x
,
ξ
,

Δ
2

)

, $$H^{{\bar{d}}/P}(x,\xi ,\Delta ^2)$$

H

d

¯

/
P

(
x
,
ξ
,

Δ
2

)

, $$E^{{\bar{u}}/P}(x,\xi ,\Delta ^2)$$

E

u

¯

/
P

(
x
,
ξ
,

Δ
2

)

and $$E^{{\bar{d}}/P}(x,\xi ,\Delta ^2)$$

E

d

¯

/
P

(
x
,
ξ
,

Δ
2

)

. We apply the model resulting GPDs to calculate the orbital angular momentum of the $${\bar{u}}$$

u

¯

and $${\bar{d}}$$

d

¯

quarks, showing that $$L^{{\bar{u}}/P}$$

L

u

¯

/
P

, $$L^{{\bar{d}}/P}$$

L

d

¯

/
P

are positive and $$L^{{\bar{u}}/P}$$

L

u

¯

/
P

is smaller than $$L^{{\bar{d}}/P}$$

L

d

¯

/
P

. The sea quark OAM distributions in the impact parameter space $$L_{{\bar{q}}}(x,{\varvec{b}}_{\varvec{T}})$$

L

q

¯

(
x
,

b

T

)

are also calculated.
The genetic relationship between coeval Ediacaran mafic and granitoid plutons in the Antigonish Highlands, Nova Scotia
Authors: Archibald Donnelly B. , Murphy J. Brendan , Creaser Robert A.
Published: June 2023

Granitic plutons dominated by felsic-intermediate compositions are commonly spatially and temporally associated with mafic intrusions; however, the genetic relationship between the apparently coeval but compositionally dissimilar magmas is controversial. To better understand this relationship, we present new lithogeochemical and isotopic data from coeval late Neoproterozoic plutonic rocks in the Antigonish Highlands of Nova Scotia where the regional context is well documented. The predominantly mafic Greendale Complex contains lamprophyre, appinites and leucocratic dykes. The appinites are remarkably variable in their textures, and consist of hornblende pegmatites, hornblende cumulates, porphyritic hornblende gabbro and coarse-grained, equigranular hornblende gabbro. Geochemical data show enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements and depletion in the high field strength elements suggesting an arc setting. ε
Nd
(607) values from the Greendale Complex range from +3.2 to +5.0 and are on average slightly more juvenile than coeval granitic rocks which have petrological characteristics typical of continental arc magmas. Hydrous mafic magmas were likely contaminated by subducted sediments and their ascent was facilitated by lithospheric-scale faults. Felsic magmas were derived by anatexis of heterogeneous Avalonian crust that oscillated between fluid-saturated to fluid-deficient (dehydration) melting, consistent with the evolution from arc to intra-arc rift environment.
Charles Darwin's discovery of Devonian fossils in the Falkland Islands, 1833, and its controversial consequences
Authors: Stone Philip , Rushton Adrian W. A.
Published: June 2023

In March 1833 Charles Darwin discovered Devonian fossils in the Falkland Islands. He was excited by his find but could have had little premonition of the long-running geological controversy that he was initiating. Darwin's fossils matched a coeval South African fauna and, as further collections were made, the association was apparently strengthened. A particularly important contribution arose around 1910 through collaborations between a local collector, Constance Allardyce, and professional palaeontologists: Ernest Schwarz in South Africa and John Clarke in the USA. The accumulating evidence was seized upon by the early proponents of ‘displacement theory’ – continental drift – notably Alexander Du Toit, who relocated the Falkland Islands northward for his 1927 South Atlantic reconstruction. A more radical, but geologically sounder proposal arose in 1952 when Ray Adie suggested that the Falkland Islands, rotated through 180°, had originated as the eastward culmination of the Cape Fold Belt and Karoo Basin. In effect, Adie had presciently described a rotated microplate, perhaps the first on record. An opposing view saw the Falkland Islands as part of a fixed, South American promontory, and argument around these two contrasting interpretations of South Atlantic geology continues to the present day.
Effects of Dehulling and Roasting on the Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Sesamum indicum L. Seeds
Authors: El Hanafi Laila , Mssillou Ibrahim , Nekhla Houria , Bessi Aymane , Bakour Meryem , Laaroussi Hassan , Ben Khadda Zineb , Slimani Chaimae , Giesy John P. , Greche Hassane , Ali Gomaa A. M. , Aboul-Soud Mourad A. M.
Published: June 2023

Recently, processed foods have become an important part of human eating habits. However, several processing techniques, such as dehulling and roasting, are applied to raw foods. Roasting is a thermal process that depends on temperature and time and improves the extraction yield of oil by generating pores in the oilseed cell walls. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an annual plant belonging to Pedaliaceae and is considered to be one of the oldest oil crops. Nowadays, the cultivation of this plant is economically important in several countries. This review clarifies the botanical characteristics and nutritional importance of sesame seeds, reviews their phytochemical composition, and discusses the effects of dehulling and roasting on their nutritional quality. S. indicum, which is known to contain several classes of bioactive compounds, including fatty acids, phenolic compounds, amino acids, and lignans, has been reported to possess a wide range of biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, and cardioprotective activity; however, processing such as dehulling eliminates undesirable chemical constituents while roasting provides the best chemical composition at moderate temperatures.
Comparative Efficacy of Four Stain Removal Methods for Bleach-Shade Composite Resins after Immersion in Staining Solutions: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Hashemikamangar Sedighe Sadat , Farahani Shakiba , Khoshgoo Shaghayegh , Doroudgar Parisa
Published: June 2023

Introduction. Bleach-shade composite resins were recently introduced to the market due to the high demand of patients for whiter teeth. This study sought to compare four stain removal methods for bleach-shade composite resins. Materials and Methods. Seventy-two discs were fabricated from each of the Filtek Z350 XT and Gradia XBW composite resins and immersed in coffee or sour cherry juice staining solutions. Each group was then divided into four subgroups to assess the efficacy of four stain removal methods (finishing with soft-lex disk “brush with pumice” bleaching with carbamide peroxide 16%, bleaching with hydrogen peroxide 40%). The color of each specimen was measured by Easyshade spectrophotometer, and data were analyzed using SPSS 25 statistical package for social sciences. Results. The home-bleaching technique was more effective than the office-bleaching and pumice for the removal of sour cherry juice stain (ΔE = 1.93) and coffee stain (ΔE = 3.32) from Gradia composite discs, almost returning the baseline original color. The Sof-Lex discs were more effective than the pumice for the removal of sour cherry juice stain (ΔE = 4.11) and coffee stain (ΔE = 4.93) from Z350 composite discs but not return the baseline original color. Conclusions. Filtek Z350 had more discoloration than Gradia Direct. The different materials and solutions reacted differently to the four stain removal methods. In GCJ group after all stain removal methods, ΔE reduced to a clinically acceptable level.
Synthesis, Evaluation, and Electrochemical Detection Application of Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for 4,4
′
-Methylenedianiline from Food-Contact Materials
Authors: Lu Lijing , Ning Haoyue , Guo Jipeng , Guo Chuang , Pan Liao , Lu Lixin
Published: June 2023

Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) capable of selectively recognizing and absorbing 4,4

′

-methylenedianiline (MDA) were successfully synthesized, using Fe3O4 coated with mesoporous silicon (Fe3O4@mSiO2) as the magnetic carrier, 4-vinyl pyridine (4-VP) as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linking agent, and MDA as the template molecule. The morphology, structure, and properties of MIPs were characterized, suggesting that the MIPs had obvious core-shell structure and strong magnetic responsiveness. The results of adsorption property tests showed that the MIPs could specifically recognize and adsorb MDA with excellent selectivity and reusability. The adsorption kinetic process could be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption isotherm could be fitted by the Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 59.5 μmol/g. Furthermore, the magnetic MIPs have been applied to the electrochemical detection of MDA from the composite film sample, with recoveries in the range from 87.8% to 92.5% and the RSD values less than 4.4%. The prepared magnetic MIPs showed potential for the selective separation and detection of MDA in food-contact materials.
Relationship between Value-Based Behaviors and Scheduled Activities of University Students before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Cross-Lagged Model
Authors: Takagaki Koki , Yokoyama Satoshi
Published: June 2023

University students are in a phase during which they have various experiences typical in the academic environment and face situations that require adaptability and influence value formation. In the abnormal situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, university students’ life rhythms, academic, interpersonal, and financial situations have changed drastically. In those situational cues, the value-based behavior of university students may have changed. Values provide purpose and direction for each action. Furthermore, values are situational goals that lead to specific real-time behavior. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether there is a two-way influencing relationship between value-based behavior and scheduled activities of university students at two points in time (before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic). 417 university students answered a questionnaire at Times 1 and 2 (with a 1-year interval). We examined the relationship between value-based behavior and scheduled activities using a longitudinal cross-lagged model analysis. The findings of this study indicate that promoting value-based behaviors is positively associated with the frequency of value-based behaviors and scheduled activities even during anomalies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Even in anomalous situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing value-based behaviors such as behavioral activation can improve the lives of university students. Future intervention studies should show whether behavioral activation is effective in decreasing depressive symptoms among university students even in abnormal situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Quality of Life Benefit and Clinical Predictors of Complete Skin Clearance in Psoriasis: A Multicenter, Prospective, Real-World Study
Authors: Jiang Yuxiong , Li Ying , Huang Dawei , Zhong Xiaoyuan , Yu Qian , Liang Yanhua , Dang Lin , Lv Chengzhi , Lin Binjiang , Zhang Furen , Liang Yunsheng , Lu Jiajing , Shi Yuling
Published: June 2023

Background: Newer biologics, such as interleukin (IL)-17 inhibitors, make it possible to achieve complete skin clearance (CSC) in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. However, the clinical meaningfulness and predictive factors of CSC in daily practice have not yet been fully investigated. Objective: The study was conducted to, first, assess the impact of CSC on quality of life (QoL) improvements compared with treatment responses without clearance and, second, identify clinical parameters as predictors of CSC response in psoriasis patients treated with ixekizumab. Methods: Patients attending 26 dermatology centers across China were recruited into this real-world setting between August 2020 and May 2022. Prospective cohort study in which response to ixekizumab was assessed using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI). The absolute DLQI score and DLQI (0) response at week 12 were compared between groups achieving various levels of skin clearance. A stepwise logistic regression analysis was applied to identify which baseline clinical characteristics were predictive factors for CSC. Results: After 12 weeks of treatment, 226 of 511 (44.2%) patients achieved CSC, defined as 100% improvement in PASI score (PASI-100). A significantly higher proportion of patients with CSC versus almost clear skin (PASI 90-99) achieved DLQI score of 0, corresponding to the experience of no impairment on QoL (54.4% vs. 37.7%, p = 0.001). Females patients were more likely than males to achieve CSC response (odds ratio [OR] = 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–2.70), while previous biologic treatment (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.24–0.81) and joint affected (OR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.42–0.89) were significantly associated with less CSC response. Conclusions: This study highlights the fact that clinical parameters are important in determining CSC response in psoriasis. In daily practice, achieving CSC represents a clinically meaningful treatment goal, especially from the patient perspective.
Pediatric Hematopathology in the Era of Advanced Molecular Diagnostics: What We Know and How We Can Apply the Updated Classifications
Authors: Liu Yen-Chun , Geyer Julia T.
Published: June 2023

Pediatric hematologic malignancies often show genetic features distinct from their adult counterparts, which reflect the differences in their pathogenesis. Advances in the molecular diagnostics including the widespread use of next-generation sequencing technology have revolutionized the diagnostic workup for hematologic disorders and led to the identification of new disease subgroups as well as prognostic information that impacts the clinical treatment. The increasing recognition of the importance of germline predisposition in various hematologic malignancies also shapes the disease models and management. Although germline predisposition variants can occur in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome/neoplasm (MDS) of all ages, the frequency is highest in the pediatric patient population. Therefore, evaluation for germline predisposition in the pediatric group can have significant clinical impact. This review discusses the recent advances in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, pediatric acute myeloid leukemia, B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, and pediatric MDS. This review also includes a brief discussion of the updated classifications from the International Consensus Classification (ICC) and the 5th edition World Health Organization (WHO) classification regarding these disease entities.
Metabolomic Profiles, Ideal Cardiovascular Health, and Risk of Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Li Yi , Gray Ayana , Xue Liying , Farb Melissa G. , Ayalon Nir , Andersson Charlotte , Ko Darae , Benjamin Emelia J. , Levy Daniel , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Larson Martin G. , Rong Jian , Xanthakis Vanessa , Liu Chunyu , Fetterman Jessica L. , Gopal Deepa M.
Published: June 2023

Background

The American Heart Association's framework “ideal cardiovascular health” (CVH) focuses on modifiable risk factors to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD). Metabolomics provides important pathobiological insights into risk factors and CVD development. We hypothesized that metabolomic signatures associate with CVH status, and that metabolites, at least partially, mediate the association of CVH score with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF).

Methods and Results

We studied 3056 adults in the FHS (Framingham Heart Study) cohort to evaluate CVH score and incident outcomes of AF and HF. Metabolomics data were available in 2059 participants; mediation analysis was performed to evaluate the mediation of metabolites in the association of CVH score and incident AF and HF. In the smaller cohort (mean age, 54 years; 53% women), CVH score was associated with 144 metabolites, with 64 metabolites shared across key cardiometabolic components (body mass index, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose) of the CVH score. In mediation analyses, 3 metabolites (glycerol, cholesterol ester 16:1, and phosphatidylcholine 32:1) mediated the association of CVH score with incident AF. Seven metabolites (glycerol, isocitrate, asparagine, glutamine, indole‐3‐proprionate, phosphatidylcholine C36:4, and lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2), partly mediated the association between CVH score and incident HF in multivariable‐adjusted models.

Conclusions

Most metabolites that associated with CVH score were shared the most among 3 cardiometabolic components. Three main pathways: (1) alanine, glutamine, and glutamate metabolism; (2) citric acid cycle metabolism; and (3) glycerolipid metabolism mediated CVH score with HF. Metabolomics provides insights into how ideal CVH status contributes to the development of AF and HF.
Body Weight in Adolescent Men in Sweden and Risk of an Early Acute Coronary Event: A Prospective Population‐Based Study
Authors: Åberg Maria , Robertson Josefina , Djekic Demir , Rosengren Annika , Schaufelberger Maria , Kuhn Georg , Åberg N. David , Schiöler Linus , Lindgren Martin
Published: June 2023

Background

Coronary heart disease remains the dominant cause of death worldwide. To improve cardiovascular disease prevention, knowledge of early key risk factors, especially those that are modifiable, is essential. The ongoing global obesity epidemic is of particular concern. We aimed to determine whether body mass index at conscription predicts early acute coronary events among men in Sweden.

Methods and Results

This was a population‐based Swedish cohort study of conscripts (n=1 668 921; mean age, 18.3 years; 1968–2005), with follow‐up through linkage to the nationwide Swedish patient and death registries. Risk of a first acute coronary event (hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction or coronary death) during follow‐up (1–48 years) was calculated with generalized additive models. Objective baseline measures of fitness and cognition were included in the models in secondary analyses. During follow‐up, there were 51 779 acute coronary events, of which 6457 (12.5%) were fatal within 30 days. Compared with men at the lowest end of the normal body mass index spectrum (body mass index, 18.5 kg/m
2
), an increasing risk for a first acute coronary event was observed, with hazard ratios (HRs) peaking at 40 years of age. After multivariable adjustments, men with a body mass index of 35 kg/m
2
had an HR of 4.84 (95% CI, 4.29–5.46) for an event before the age of 40 years.

Conclusions

An increased risk of an early acute coronary event was detectable within normal levels of body weight at the age of 18 years, increasing to almost 5‐fold in the highest weight category at 40 years of age. Given increasing levels of body weight and prevalence of overweight and obesity in young adults, the current decrease in coronary heart disease incidence in Sweden may flatten or even reverse in the near future.
International Humanitarian Law: Necessity, Distinction and the ‘Standard of Civilisation’
Authors: Killingsworth Matt
Published: June 2023

The modern laws of war are an integral foundation of 19th century efforts to establish and maintain order within the then emerging international society of states. But membership was conditional; only ‘civilised’ states were permitted entry to international society. Engaging with the concept of ‘the standard of civilisation’, the aim of this paper is to demonstrate a continuity of double standards as they relate to protections afforded by the modern laws of war. It will argue that these double standards have been, and continue to be, underpinned by attempts to de-humanise belligerents via the language of the ‘standard of civilisation’. In making this argument, the paper will draw attention to the historical centrality of the state and the role it has played in establishing conditionality with regards to protections afforded by the modern laws of war through the language of raison d’état and the standard of civilisation.
Microlicia delicata and Microlicia pumila (Melastomataceae), two new species from unprotected mountains with campo rupestre vegetation in eastern Brazil
Authors: PACIFICO RICARDO , ALMEDA FRANK , KRIEBEL RICARDO
Published: June 2023

Two new species of Microlicia are described from the Cadeia do Espinhaço, eastern Brazil. Microlicia pumila is morphologically similar to M. karinae and apparently endemic to Serra da Formosa in northern Minas Gerais. It differs by the delicate branches that are conspicuously verrucose, smaller leaves that are more attenuated along the lower half, smaller hypanthia, calyx lobes, petals and stamens, and by the 3-locular capsules that do not surpass the hypanthial torus at maturity. Microlicia delicata, probably restricted to Três Morros in central Chapada Diamantina, is compared to M. plumosa. It can be recognized by the delicate branches with visible uppermost internodes, shorter leaves that are decussate but not cruciate when branches are seen from above, blades that are straight to somewhat recurved distally and free from each other, shorter calyx lobes and somewhat shorter petals. Morphometric analyses were performed to compare new species to related taxa.
Breast MRI for Extent of Disease: Association of Demographic Factors and Biopsy Compliance on Surgical Decisions in Patients with BI-RADS 4 and 5 Findings
Authors: Klein Emma D. , Sonnenblick Emily B. , Sasson Arielle L. , Anderson David , Margolies Laurie R.
Published: June 2023

Background

The decision to pursue bilateral mastectomy without pathological confirmation of additional preoperative MRI lesions is likely multifactorial. We investigated the association of demographic factors and biopsy compliance following preoperative breast MRI with changes in surgical management in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer.

Methods

A retrospective review of BI-RADS 4 and 5 MRIs performed across a health system from March 2018 to November 2021 for assessment of disease extent and preoperative planning. Patient characteristics, including demographics, Tyrer-Cuzick risk score, pathology from index cancer and biopsy of MRI findings, and pre- and post-MRI surgical plans were recorded. Analysis compared patients who underwent biopsy with those who did not.

Results

The final cohort included 323 patients who underwent a biopsy and 89 who did not. Of patients who underwent a biopsy, 144/323 (44.6%) had additional cancer diagnoses. MRI did not change management in 179/323 patients (55.4%) who underwent biopsy and in 44/89 patients (51.7%) who did not. Patients with a biopsy were more likely to have additional breast conservation surgery ( P < .001) and patients without a biopsy were more likely to have a change in management to bilateral mastectomy P = .009). Patients without a biopsy who underwent a management change to bilateral mastectomy were significantly younger (47.2 vs 58.6; P < .001) and more likely to be white ( P = .02) compared to those choosing bilateral mastectomy after biopsy.

Discussion

Biopsy compliance is associated with changes in surgical decisions, and younger, white women are more likely to pursue aggressive surgical management without definitive pathologic diagnoses.
Psychological Capital, Autonomous Motivation and Innovative Behavior: A Study Aimed at Employees in Social Networks
Authors: Blasco-Giner Carlos , Battistelli Adalgisa , Meneghel Isabella , Salanova Marisa
Published: June 2023

The present study investigates the relationship between positive psychological capital (PsyCap) and innovative work behavior (IWB), as mediated by autonomous motivation and participative leadership moderation. The study was conducted on a sample of 246 employees from various public and private organizations, recruited through different social networks. The moderated mediation analysis provided evidence about the impact of employees’ PsyCap on their innovative behavior at work. This behavior will be higher when individual factors (PsyCap) and social factors (participative leadership) interact with one of the most self-determined forms of motivation. Our findings highlight the importance of the individual’s positive psychological capital in activating the resources and motivation, necessary to develop innovative behavior in employees, thus achieving organizational success in today’s dynamic and competitive business environment. The results also confirmed the moderating effect of participative leadership on the relationship between autonomous motivation and innovative behavior of employees, supporting that the relationship will be stronger when participative leadership is higher. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, as well as limitations and suggestions for future studies.
Experimental determination of in-plane permeability of nonwoven thin fibrous materials
Authors: Zhuang Luwen , Hassanizadeh S Majid , Qin Chao-Zhong
Published: June 2023

Knowledge of hydraulic properties is crucial for understanding and modeling fluid flow in thin porous media. In this work, we have developed a new simple custom-built apparatus to measure the intrinsic permeability of a single thin fibrous sheet in the in-plane direction. The permeability was measured for two types of nonwoven thin fibrous porous materials using either the water or gas phase. For each layer, the measurements have been done for different combinations of flow direction and fiber orientation. The permeability values measured using gas and water were approximately close to each other. The permeability of the two samples was found to be anisotropic and the principal permeabilities were determined based on the measurements.
Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Stigma Among HealthCare Workers Toward the Development of a Stigma-Reduction Strategy: A Scoping Review
Authors: Liboon Aranas Lolita , Alam Khorshed , Gyawali Prajwal , Alam Rashidul Mahumud
Published: June 2023

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) is a growing concern worldwide. The poor rate of service delivery exacerbates the severity, leading to an increase in community transmission, which is further amplified by stigma. Health care workers (HCWs) are at the forefront lines of service delivery; their efforts are suspected of resulting in stigmatization, negatively impacting patient-centered care. However, little is known about DRTB-related stigma among these HCWs, and interventions are limited. Our scoping review is significant because it provides an overview of the DRTB stigma confronting HCWs and informs subsequent stigma-reduction initiatives. Utilizing Arksey and O’Malley framework, we exhaustively searched electronic databases for relevant English-language studies published from 2010 to 2022, identifying the drivers and facilitators of DRTB-related stigma among HCWs from high-TB and -DRTB burden countries, and compiling recommendations that could reduce DRTB stigma. From 443 de-duplicated papers, 11 articles on HCWs’ DRTB-related stigma were reviewed and synthesized. Fear was mentioned across included articles as a stigma driver. Other reported stigma drivers identified included feelings of discrimination, isolation, danger, lack of support, shame, and stress. Poor infection control (IC) was the leading stigma facilitator. Other stigma facilitators identified were differing IC interpretations, workforce culture, and workplace inequality facilitating to stigmatization of HCWs. Three key recommendations identified were addressing infection control issues; increase the competence of healthcare workers; and provide psychosocial assistance, emphasizing HCW safety during DRTB activities. DRTB stigma among HCWs is multifaceted, largely driven by fear and facilitated by varying implementation or interpretations of policies within the workplace. Making HCWs feel safe while conducting DRTB activities is a priority issue that should be addressed by improving IC, training and psychosocial support. More studies investigating country-specific and multilevel DRTB-related stigma among HCWs are required to inform the development of an effective stigma intervention strategy.
A Feasibility Study of the Kasi Learning System to Support Independent Use of STEM Diagrams by Students With Visual Impairments
Authors: Wegwerth Sarah E. , Manchester Gianna J. , Winter Julia E.
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Visual model comprehension and application are important for success in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses. As educational materials shift to primarily digital content with dynamic interactive visuals, students with visual impairments are at risk for being disadvantaged, since few interactives are born accessible. To fill this gap of accessible digital STEM learning tools, we designed and tested the Kasi Learning System. Kasi uses tactile manipulatives and computer vision with audio-based augmented reality algorithms to provide a multisensory experience of an interactive digital image. Methods: Ten high school students who are visually impaired (ie, blind or have low vision) participated in an underpowered random control study to evaluate the feasibility and usability of Kasi by completing an active learning lesson. The control group was instructed by a human, whereas the Kasi group was instructed by a computer. Follow-up interviews with both students and their instructors provided further insight. Results: Comparing the experiences of the two groups suggests that Kasi is an effective instructor for completing the activity. Comparison of students who chose to use braille versus large-print pieces revealed that braille users found the system to be easier to use. Discussion: All students efficiently identified the pieces. Regarding the audio, students who do not typically use a screen reader repeated the prompts more frequently and took longer to adapt to the system. Those in the Kasi group demonstrated increased engagement as shown by the increase in submitted answers. Overall, Kasi users’ performance improved significantly during the lesson. Implications for Practitioners: Kasi is most readily adapted and used by those who do not rely on vision. However, students with low vision may benefit from using a tool like Kasi earlier in their schooling to strengthen their auditory and tactile skills. Kasi appears to have the potential to provide students independence in studying STEM diagrams.
Ancient Ponds, Marl Deposits, and Native American Archaeology in the Ridge and Valley Province of Maryland and Pennsylvania
Authors: Stewart R. Michael
Published: June 2023

Ponds of early to middle Holocene age are identified in the Ridge and Valley Province of Maryland and Pennsylvania through the occurrence of marl deposits associated with the floodplains of low order streams. A 2-sigma calibrated radiocarbon date indicates that marl formation began no later than 7812–7326 BC. The ponds and associated wetlands are one focus of native settlement movements in the region. Excavations and borings into marl, marl-related sediments and adjacent deposits reveal sequences of marl, produced during periods of ponded and still water, alternating with strata of organic, alluvial silts. These profiles represent the shrinking, swelling, and periodic disappearance of ponds. Changes in stream dynamics and climate are explored as explanations for these physical changes. Archaeological data is useful for understanding the timing of these paleo environmental changes. In turn, an understanding of the nature of the pond environments enhances reconstructions of Indian settlement and subsistence strategies.