bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modified Composite Biodegradable Mulch for Crop Growth and Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Guo Bo , Zhu Liyan , He Xiaochan , Zhou Xiaojun , Dong Boru , Liu Jialei
Published: May 2024

Using biodegradable films as a substitute for conventional polyolefin films has emerged as a crucial technology to combat agricultural white pollution. To address the shortcomings in the tensile strength, water vapor barrier properties, and degradation period of PBAT-based biodegradable films, this investigation aimed to create a composite film that could improve the diverse properties of PBAT films. To achieve this, a PBAT/PLA-PPC-PTLA ternary blend system was introduced in the study. The system effectively fused PBAT with PLA and PPC, as evidenced by electron microscopy tests showing no apparent defects on the surface and cross-section of the blended film. The developed ternary blend system resulted in a 58.62% improvement in tensile strength, a 70.33% enhancement in water vapor barrier properties, and a 30-day extension of the functional period compared to pure PBAT biodegradable films. Field experiments on corn crops demonstrated that the modified biodegradable film is more suitable for agricultural production, as it improved thermal insulation and moisture retention, leading to a 5.45% increase in corn yield, approaching the yield of traditional polyolefin films.
Recent Trends of Recycling and Upcycling of Polymers and Composites: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Podara Christina , Termine Stefania , Modestou Maria , Semitekolos Dionisis , Tsirogiannis Christos , Karamitrou Melpo , Trompeta Aikaterini-Flora , Milickovic Tatjana Kosanovic , Charitidis Costas
Published: May 2024

This review article gathers the most recent recycling technologies for thermoset and thermoplastic polymers. Results about existing experimental procedures and their effectiveness are presented. For thermoset polymers, the review focuses mainly on fibre-reinforced polymer composites, with an emphasis on epoxy-based systems and carbon/glass fibres as reinforcement, due to the environmental concerns of their end-of-life management. Thermal processes (fluidised bed, pyrolysis) and chemical processes (different types of solvolysis) are discussed. The most recent combined processes (microwave, steam, and ultrasonic assisted techniques) and extraordinary recycling attempts (electrochemical, biological, and with ionic liquids) are analysed. Mechanical recycling that leads to the downgrading of materials is excluded. Insights are also given for the upcycling methodologies that have been implemented until now for the reuse of fibres. As for thermoplastic polymers, the most state-of-the-art recycling approach for the most common polymer matrices is presented, together with the appropriate additivation for matrix upcycling. Mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic recycling processes are described, among others. The use of fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites is quite new, and thus, the most recent achievements are presented. With all of the above information, this extensive review can serve as a guide for educational purposes, targeting students and technicians in polymers recycling.
Neo-Thomism and Evolutionary Biology: Arintero and Donat on Darwin
Authors: Recio Gonzalo Luis , Del Carril Ignacio Enrique
Published: May 2024

Pope Leo XIII’s publication of Aeterni Patris (1879) was a major factor in the great revival of Thomistic thought in the late 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries. Among the authors that took up the challenge implicit in the Pope’s document of bringing Aquinas and his thought into the intellectual debates of the times we find two interesting proposals. The first is that of Juan González Arintero, a Spanish Dominican, and the second one is that of Josef Donat, a Jesuit born and raised in the Austrian Empire. Arintero is mostly known in Catholic circles for his influential works on mysticism, but in fact he devoted much of his early work to the subject of evolution, and how it could interact with the Catholic faith in general, and with Thomism in particular. Donat is the author of a Summa Philosophiae Christianae, a collection that was widely read in Catholic seminaries well into the 20th century. In this paper we will focus on the differing ways in which these authors tackled the problems and questions presented by Darwinian evolutionism to the post-Aeterni Patris Thomism.
Proton Pump Inhibitors Induced Hyponatremia in a Liver Transplanted Patient—The Role of Deprescribing: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Marcianò Gianmarco , Caroleo Benedetto , Catarisano Luca , Cocchis Donatella , Palleria Caterina , De Sarro Giovambattista , Gallelli Luca
Published: May 2024

Liver transplant patients are frail subjects due to lifelong therapy with immunosuppressants. In these patients, comorbidity and polytherapy increase the risk of adverse drug reactions. In this study, we report the development of hyponatremia, probably related to pantoprazole in a liver transplant patient. Sertraline dismission and treatment with sodium chloride did not improve clinical symptoms and laboratory levels. Pantoprazole dismission induced an improvement in clinical symptoms and the normalization of sodium levels. A five-month follow-up revealed the absence of clinical symptoms and normal serum sodium levels.
Urban Land Surface Temperature Downscaling in Chicago: Addressing Ethnic Inequality and Gentrification
Authors: Lee Jangho , Berkelhammer Max , Wilson Matthew D. , Love Natalie , Cintron Ralph
Published: May 2024

In this study, we developed a XGBoost-based algorithm to downscale 2 km-resolution land surface temperature (LST) data from the GOES satellite to a finer 70 m resolution, using ancillary variables including NDVI, NDBI, and DEM. This method demonstrated a superior performance over the conventional TsHARP technique, achieving a reduced RMSE of 1.90 °C, compared to 2.51 °C with TsHARP. Our approach utilizes the geostationary GOES satellite data alongside high-resolution ECOSTRESS data, enabling hourly LST downscaling to 70 m—a significant advancement over previous methodologies that typically measure LST only once daily. Applying these high-resolution LST data, we examined the hottest days in Chicago and their correlation with ethnic inequality. Our analysis indicated that Hispanic/Latino communities endure the highest LSTs, with a maximum LST that is 1.5 °C higher in blocks predominantly inhabited by Hispanic/Latino residents compared to those predominantly occupied by White residents. This study highlights the intersection of urban development, ethnic inequality, and environmental inequities, emphasizing the need for targeted urban planning to mitigate these disparities. The enhanced spatial and temporal resolution of our LST data provides deeper insights into diurnal temperature variations, crucial for understanding and addressing the urban heat distribution and its impact on vulnerable communities.
Miniaturizing Hyperspectral Lidar System Employing Integrated Optical Filters
Authors: Sun Haibin , Wang Yicheng , Sun Zhipei , Wang Shaowei , Sun Shengli , Jia Jianxin , Jiang Changhui , Hu Peilun , Yang Haima , Yang Xing , Karjalnen Mika , Hyyppä Juha , Chen Yuwei
Published: May 2024

Hyperspectral LiDAR (HSL) has been utilized as an efficacious technique in object classification and recognition based on its unique capability to obtain ranges and spectra synchronously. Different kinds of HSL prototypes with varied structures have been promoted and measured its performance. However, almost all of these HSL prototypes employ complex and large spectroscopic devices, such as an Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter and Liquid-Crystal Tunable Filter, which makes this HSL system bulky and expensive, and then hinders its extensive application in many fields. In this paper, a smart and smaller spectroscopic component, an intergraded optical filter (IOF), is promoted to miniaturize these HSL systems. The system calibration, range precision, and spectral profile experiments were carried out to test the HSL prototype. Although the IOF employed here only covered a wavelength range of 699–758 nm with a six-channel passband and showed a transmittance of less than 50%, the HSL prototype showed excellent performance in ranging and spectral profile collecting. The spectral profiles collected are well in accordance with those acquired based on the AOTF. The spectral profiles of the fruits, vegetables, plants, and ore samples collected by the HSL based on an IOF can effectively reveal the status of the plants, the component materials, and ore species. Finally, we also showed the integrated design of the HSL based on a three-dimensional IOF and combined with a detector. The performance and designs of this HSL system based on an IOF show great potential for miniaturizing in some specific applications.
Estimating Urban Forests Biomass with LiDAR by Using Deep Learning Foundation Models
Authors: Liu Hanzhang , Mou Chao , Yuan Jiateng , Chen Zhibo , Zhong Liheng , Cui Xiaohui
Published: May 2024

Accurately estimating vegetation biomass in urban forested areas is of great interest to researchers as it is a key indicator of the carbon sequestration capacity necessary for cities to achieve carbon neutrality. The emerging vegetation biomass estimation methods that use AI technologies with remote sensing images often suffer from arge estimating errors due to the diversity of vegetation and the complex three-dimensional terrain environment in urban ares. However, the high resolution of Light Detection and Ranging (i.e., LiDAR) data provides an opportunity to accurately describe the complex 3D scenes of urban forests, thereby improving estimation accuracy. Additionally, deep earning foundation models have widely succeeded in the industry, and show great potential promise to estimate vegetation biomass through processing complex and arge amounts of urban LiDAR data efficiently and accurately. In this study, we propose an efficient and accurate method called 3D-CiLBE (3DCity Long-term Biomass Estimation) to estimate urban vegetation biomass by utilizing advanced deep earning foundation models. In the 3D-CiLBE method, the Segment Anything Model (i.e., SAM) was used to segment single wood information from a arge amount of complex urban LiDAR data. Then, we modified the Contrastive Language–Image Pre-training (i.e., CLIP) model to identify the species of the wood so that the classic anisotropic growth equation can be used to estimate biomass. Finally, we utilized the Informer model to predict the biomass in the ong term. We evaluate it in eight urban areas across the United States. In the task of identifying urban greening areas, the 3D-CiLBE achieves optimal performance with a mean Intersection over Union (i.e., mIoU) of 0.94. Additionally, for vegetation classification, 3D-CiLBE achieves an optimal recognition accuracy of 92.72%. The estimation of urban vegetation biomass using 3D-CiLBE achieves a Mean Square Error of 0.045 kg/m2, reducing the error by up to 8.2% compared to 2D methods. The MSE for biomass prediction by 3D-CiLBE was 0.06kg/m2 smaller on average than the inear regression model. Therefore, the experimental results indicate that the 3D-CiLBE method can accurately estimate urban vegetation biomass and has potential for practical application.
High Resolution Ranging with Small Sample Number under Low SNR Utilizing RIP-OMCS Strategy and AHRC l1 Minimization for Laser Radar
Authors: Xue Min , Xing Mengdao , Gao Yuexin , Fu Jixiang , Wu Zhixin , Tang Wangshuo
Published: May 2024

This manuscript presents a novel scheme to achieve high-resolution laser-radar ranging with a small sample number under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. To reduce the sample number, the Restricted Isometry Property-based optimal multi-channel coprime-sampling (RIP-OMCS) strategy is established. In the RIP-OMCS strategy, the data collected across multiple channels with very low coprime-sampling rates can record accurate range information on each target. Further, the asynchronous problem caused by channel sampling-time errors is considered. The sampling-time errors are estimated using the cross-correlation function. After canceling the asynchronous problem, the data collected by multiple channels are then merged into non-uniform sampled signals. Using data combination, target-range estimation is converted into an optimization problem of sparse representation consisting of a non-uniform Fourier dictionary. This optimization problem is solved using adaptive hybrid re-weighted constraint (AHRC) l1 minimization. Two constraints are formed from statistical attributes of the targets and clutter. Moreover, as the detailed characteristics of the target, clutter, and noise are unknown before the solution, the two constraints can be adaptively modified, which guarantees that l1 minimization obtains the high-resolution range profile and accurate distance of all targets under a low SNR. Our experiments confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Systematic Optimization Method for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on SMS-EMOA
Authors: Yuan Bo , Chen Ping , Wang Ershen , Yu Jianrui , Wang Jian
Published: May 2024

The efficient design of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) is crucial for their operational performance. A key design parameter, cogging torque, is significantly influenced by various structural parameters of the motor, complicating the optimization of motor structures. This paper proposes an optimization method for PMSM structures based on heuristic optimization algorithms, named the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Self-Optimization Lift Algorithm (PMSM-SLA). Initially, a dataset capturing the efficiency of motors under various structural parameter scenarios is created using finite element simulation methods. Building on this dataset, a batch optimization solution aimed at PMSM structure optimization was introduced to identify the set of structural parameters that maximize motor efficiency. The approach presented in this study enhances the efficiency of optimizing PMSM structures, overcoming the limitations of traditional trial-and-error methods and supporting the industrial application of PMSM structural design.
Evaluation of Almond Hull and Shell Amendments across Organic Matter Management of Orchard Soils
Authors: Hartman Leah Wolff , Andrews Ellie M. , Galatis Erini G. , Gaudin Amélie C. M. , Brown Patrick H. , Khalsa Sat Darshan S.
Published: May 2024

Hulls and shells are an abundant by-product from almond production with potential as an organic matter amendment (OMA). A combination of incubation study and field research was conducted in 2019–2021 to evaluate the impacts of three practices in combination on orchard soils’ C and N cycling, including a 210-day period of laboratory incubation with hulls and shells, and field sampling of orchard soils with and without historic applications of green waste compost as an OMA; with hulls and shells and with and without off-ground harvest where orchard soils remain undisturbed year round. Hulls and shells increased microbial biomass carbon in the field study by 248 μg g−1 dry soil after one year (p < 0.001) and during incubation, and increased cumulative respiration in soils with and without historic OMA (p < 0.001). Historic OMA resulted in double the total soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) compared to soil without resulting in significantly higher respiration and N mineralization when amended with hulls and shells. The decomposition of hull and shell biomass following surface application progressed at similar rates in the laboratory and field (1.7 g kg−1 d−1 during incubation (R2 = 0.84) and 1.3 g kg−1 d−1 in the field trial (R2 = 0.91). Our results highlight the suitability of hulls and shells as a by-product source of OMA for improving soil health in orchards with historic OMA and transitioning to organic matter management.
Variation in Debris-Flow-Prone Areas with Ecosystem Stability: A Case Study of the Qipan Catchment in the Wenchuan Earthquake Region
Authors: Zhan Xiaoyu , Hu Xudong , Jing Zexin , Xu Wennian , Xia Dong , Ding Gujie
Published: May 2024

The spatial distribution of vegetation in a basin has a far-reaching influence on the potential for sediment separation and transport capacity. However, many landslides induced by strong earthquakes have greatly changed the existing pattern, which further increases the probability of debris flow in a basin during heavy rainfall and has a significant impact on the stability of the basin. Thus, this study selected the debris flow basin in the Qipan catchment of the Wenchuan earthquake area as the research object. Multisource and high-precision remote sensing images were used to analyze the land use changes in the basin, and the index of connectivity (IC) was introduced to analyze the evolution of sediment transport capacity. An ecosystem stability assessment method suitable for post-earthquake debris flow basins was proposed. Through quantitative assessment of the ecosystem stability of the basin after the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and the two debris flow events after the earthquake, the dynamic relationship between the debris-flow-prone area and the ecosystem stability of the basin was revealed. The results showed that the stability of the ecosystem in the Qipan catchment increased annually, indicating a stable and substable state. The spatial distribution characteristics were lower in the north and south and greater in the middle. By comparing the evaluation results with the actual terrain change trend, the accuracy and feasibility of the evaluation method are verified. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the formulation of regional disaster prevention strategies and help to accelerate the improvement of regional stability in debris-flow-prone areas.
The InnoRec Process: A Comparative Study of Three Mainstream Routes for Spent Lithium-ion Battery Recycling Based on the Same Feedstock
Authors: Qiu Hao , Goldmann Daniel , Stallmeister Christin , Friedrich Bernd , Tobaben Maximilian , Kwade Arno , Peschel Christoph , Winter Martin , Nowak Sascha , Lyon Tony , Peuker Urs A.
Published: May 2024

Among the technologies used for spent lithium-ion battery recycling, the common approaches include mechanical treatment, pyrometallurgical processing and hydrometallurgical processing. These technologies do not stand alone in a complete recycling process but are combined. The constant changes in battery materials and battery design make it a challenge for the existing recycling processes, and the need to design efficient and robust recycling processes for current and future battery materials has become a critical issue today. Therefore, this paper simplifies the current treatment technologies into three recycling routes, namely, the hot pyrometallurgical route, warm mechanical route and cold mechanical route. By using the same feedstock, the three routes are compared based on the recovery rate of the six elements (Al, Cu, C, Li, Co and Ni). The three different recycling routes represent specific application scenarios, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. In the hot pyrometallurgical route, the recovery of Co is over 98%, and the recovery of Ni is over 99%. In the warm mechanical route, the recovery of Li can reach 63%, and the recovery of graphite is 75%. In the cold mechanical route, the recovery of Cu can reach 75%, and the recovery of Al is 87%. As the chemical compositions of battery materials and various doping elements continue to change today, these three recycling routes could be combined in some way to improve the overall recycling efficiency of batteries.
Association between Prenatal Dietary Toxicants and Infant Neurodevelopment: The Role of Fish
Authors: Kou Xiruo , Becerra-Tomás Nerea , Canals Josefa , Bulló Monica , Arija Victoria
Published: May 2024

More research is needed to understand how the maternal consumption of fish and fish-borne toxicants impacts infant neurodevelopment. The present analysis was conducted over 460 mother–infant pairs within the ECLIPSES study. Dietary intake of metals and persistent organic pollutants from fish (including white fish, blue fish, and seafood) was estimated in pregnant women. The infants underwent cognitive, language, and motor function assessments using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III at the 40-day postpartum. Associations between dietary toxicants and outcomes were assessed using multivariable linear regression models. Estimated prenatal exposure to fish-borne toxicants, such as arsenic, inorganic arsenic, methylmercury, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs), and non-DL-PCBs, was associated with poorer language functions in infants, whereas no significant associations were found with motor or cognitive functions. Maternal fish consumption exceeding the Spanish recommendation of no more than 71 g per day was linked to these adverse effects on language abilities without affecting motor or cognitive development. This highlights the importance of vigilant monitoring of environmental toxicants and the provision of dietary guidance for pregnant women, with potential implications for public health and child development.
Principles of Sustainable Development of Georesources as a Way to Reduce Urban Vulnerability
Authors: Kongar-Syuryun Cheynesh , Klyuev Roman , Golik Vladimir , Oganesyan Armine , Solovykh Danila , Khayrutdinov Marat , Adigamov Danila
Published: May 2024

Humanity development is associated with higher spiritual and social behaviour and financial shape, which is an undeniable factor of urbanisation. Previously, in areas of georesource concentration, cities and settlements were formed with people exploiting these georesources. However, imperfect technologies lead to rapid depletion of reserves and industrial and environmental disasters, which affect the vulnerability of cities and the people living in them. The analysis of applied technologies has demonstrated that potash extraction is accompanied by a low recovery ratio, high mine accidents, and environmental problems. The principles of sustainable development of geo-resources for the creation of mining technologies that ensure industrial safety, environmental sustainability, and extending the life of the mining enterprise to save working places will reduce the vulnerability of cities. This article proposes the use of the room-and-pillar mining method with the replacement of natural supports with artificial ones. Three-stage stoping with backfill is considered. Numerical modelling has shown stabilisation of mining and geomechanical processes, which confirms the prospectivity of the method with backfill. For these purposes, this research presents a new backfill composition based on local industrial waste. Schemes of backfill preparation and feeding into the mined-out space are proposed. The proposed technology, based on the principles of sustainable development of georesources, is the foundation for an economically profitable, environmentally friendly, and socially responsible mining enterprise. The implementation of the principles of sustainable development of georesources will allow for the preservation of cities and reduce their vulnerability.
The Dynamic Relationship between Dengue Virus and the Human Cutaneous Innate Immune Response
Authors: Martí Michelle M. , Castanha Priscila M. S. , Barratt-Boyes Simon M.
Published: May 2024

Dengue virus (DENV) is a continuing global threat that puts half of the world’s population at risk for infection. This mosquito-transmitted virus is endemic in over 100 countries. When a mosquito takes a bloodmeal, virus is deposited into the epidermal and dermal layers of human skin, infecting a variety of permissive cells, including keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, macrophages, dermal dendritic cells, fibroblasts, and mast cells. In response to infection, the skin deploys an array of defense mechanisms to inhibit viral replication and prevent dissemination. Antimicrobial peptides, pattern recognition receptors, and cytokines induce a signaling cascade to increase transcription and translation of pro-inflammatory and antiviral genes. Paradoxically, this inflammatory environment recruits skin-resident mononuclear cells that become infected and migrate out of the skin, spreading virus throughout the host. The details of the viral–host interactions in the cutaneous microenvironment remain unclear, partly due to the limited body of research focusing on DENV in human skin. This review will summarize the functional role of human skin, the cutaneous innate immune response to DENV, the contribution of the arthropod vector, and the models used to study DENV interactions in the cutaneous environment.
Rapid Detection and Quick Characterization of African Swine Fever Virus Using the VolTRAX Automated Library Preparation Platform
Authors: O’Donnell Vivian , Pierce Jim L. , Osipenko Oleg , Xu Lizhe , Berninger Amy , Lakin Steven M. , Barrette Roger W. , Gladue Douglas P. , Faburay Bonto
Published: May 2024

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of a severe and highly contagious viral disease affecting domestic and wild swine. The current ASFV pandemic strain has a high mortality rate, severely impacting pig production and, for countries suffering outbreaks, preventing the export of their pig products for international trade. Early detection and diagnosis of ASFV is necessary to control new outbreaks before the disease spreads rapidly. One of the rate-limiting steps to identify ASFV by next-generation sequencing platforms is library preparation. Here, we investigated the capability of the Oxford Nanopore Technologies’ VolTRAX platform for automated DNA library preparation with downstream sequencing on Nanopore sequencing platforms as a proof-of-concept study to rapidly identify the strain of ASFV. Within minutes, DNA libraries prepared using VolTRAX generated near-full genome sequences of ASFV. Thus, our data highlight the use of the VolTRAX as a platform for automated library preparation, coupled with sequencing on the MinION Mk1C for field sequencing or GridION within a laboratory setting. These results suggest a proof-of-concept study that VolTRAX is an effective tool for library preparation that can be used for the rapid and real-time detection of ASFV.
Pediatric Respiratory Viral Infection
Authors: Yam Stacy L. S. , Baguio Joan Marie Javillo , Chan Renee W. Y.
Published: May 2024

Reflecting on this Special Issue dedicated to pediatric respiratory viruses, it is evident that the shadow cast by the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has profoundly impacted individuals of all ages and backgrounds, neonates and school-aged children being vulnerable cohorts resulting from the evolving immunological profiles and limited exposures to immunity-building experienced during this unprecedented era [...]
Comparison of St. Thomas II Cardioplegia and Modified Del Nido Cardioplegia in Dogs Undergoing Mitral Valve Surgery
Authors: Onuma Yuki , Yoshida Tomohiko , Matsuura Katsuhiro , Aboshi Yuki , Hasegawa Mizuki , Yamada Shusaku , Yaginuma Youta
Published: May 2024

Myocardial protection has become an essential adjunctive procedure in veterinary cardiac surgery. Del Nido cardioplegia is a good alternative to the traditional St. Thomas II (ST) cardioplegia in open heart surgery in humans. This study aims to compare intra- and postoperative results between ST cardioplegia and modified del Nido (mDN) cardioplegia in mitral valve surgery in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). This retrospective study was conducted using clinical records of 16 MMVD dogs that underwent either ST or mDN cardioplegia. We measured cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, aortic cross-clamp (ACC) time, total operation time, the number of cardioplegia doses, total amount of cardioplegia, required defibrillations, in-hospital mortality and pre- and one-month postoperative echocardiographic variables. CPB (159.4 ± 16.1 vs. 210.1 ± 34.0 min), ACC (101.4 ± 7.0 vs. 136.0 ± 24.8 min) and total operation time (262.3 ± 13.1 vs. 327.0 ± 45.4 min) were significantly shorter in the mDN group (p < 0.05). The number of cardioplegia doses (3.25 ± 0.4 vs. 6.25 ± 1.2) and total amount of cardioplegia (161.3 ± 51.5 vs. 405.0 ± 185.9 mL) in the mDN group were also significantly smaller than the ST group (p < 0.05). No difference was observed in the requirement of defibrillation, in-hospital mortality and pre- and postoperative echocardiographic variables. The utilization of mDN cardioplegia was associated with shorter operative time in mitral valve surgery in dogs.
From Recharge to Cave to Spring: Transmission of a Flood Pulse through a Complex Karst Conduit Network, Castleton, Derbyshire (UK)
Authors: Gunn John , Bradley Chris
Published: May 2024

Storm Babet (18–21 October 2023) brought heavy and persistent rain (80–100 mm) to the English Peak District, causing widespread surface and underground flooding. The village of Castleton experienced groundwater flooding from springs that drain a complex mixed allogenic–autogenic karst catchment. Transmission of the flood pulse was monitored using high-resolution (2 and 4 min intervals) logging of (a) the hydraulic head at five underground locations in the karst conduits and (b) the water depth at three springs and in the surface river fed by the springs. Underground, there were large increases in the hydraulic head (9–35 m), which resulted in two types of flow switching. Firstly, the increased head at the input end of a phreatic (water-filled) conduit system removed an underwater permeability barrier in a relatively low-elevation conduit, resulting in a dramatic increase in flow out of the conduit and a corresponding decrease in flow from a linked higher-elevation conduit that had dominated before the storm. Secondly, the increased head upstream of two conduits with limited hydraulic conductivity allowed water to spill over into conduits that were inactive prior to the storm. As expected, the conduits fed by sinking streams from the allogenic catchment responded rapidly to the recharge, but there was also a rapid response from the autogenic catchment where there are no surface streams and only a small number of dolines. The complex signals measured underground are not apparent from the spring hydrographs.
Cleansing Tannery Effluent with Pleurotus opuntiae: A Green Solution for Environmental Restoration and Toxicity Evaluation
Authors: Yadav Priyanka , Mishra Vartika , Kumar Tejmani , Singh Umesh Kumar , Vamanu Emanuel , Singh Mohan Prasad
Published: May 2024

Heavy metal contamination has emerged as a global environmental concern, with tannery effluents serving as a significant source of these pollutants. The discharge of tannery effluents (TEs) into natural ecosystems has given rise to a spectrum of catastrophic risks, exacerbating concerns related to public health, safety, and environmental integrity. This current study focuses on the mycoremediation of the heavy metals present in TE, employing the mycelia of Pleurotus opuntiae, an environmentally sustainable solution. The toxicity of TE was rigorously characterized by evaluating a range of physicochemical parameters in accordance with the American Standard and Testing Methods. Subsequently, various diluted concentrations of effluent (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) were incorporated into MDA media to assess the tolerance index (TI) of P. opuntiae. Notably, the highest TI was observed in the 25% and 50% TE concentrations, while no growth was observed in the 75% and 100% groups due to the exceptionally elevated heavy metal content. P. opuntiae demonstrated remarkable efficacy in heavy metal removal, with the most substantial reductions recorded in the 25% diluted effluent (91.3% Pb, 72.2% Cr and 66.5% Zn), closely followed by the 50% diluted effluent. The highest intracellular bioaccumulation was observed for Pb (17.2 µg/g), outperforming Cr (14.5 µg/g) and Zn (8.5 µg/g) in mycelia grown in 25% diluted effluent. To elucidate the detoxification mechanisms underlying metal removal, various characterizations of the mycelium were conducted, including SEM, FTIR, and XRD analyses. Furthermore, LC–MS analysis shed light on the pivotal role of metabolites in regulating heavy metals within the physiological metabolism of P. opuntiae. Moreover, an upsurge in the concentration of the stress marker, metallothionein, and augmented activity of antioxidant enzymes, like SOD, CAT, LPO and GSH, collectively suggested the significant role of antioxidants in mitigating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heavy metal toxicity. These comprehensive findings provide a solid foundation for understanding the mechanisms responsible for heavy metal removal by P. opuntiae and pave the way for the development of effective remediation strategies for decontaminating the effluents discharged by the leather industry, contributing to the preservation of our environment and to public well-being.
Optimization Design of Variable Reluctance Resolver Based on Three-phase Symmetrical Winding
Authors: Li Xinmin , Chen Jiannan , Zhang Zhen
Published: May 2024

In order to ease the structure and manufacturing process of the variable reluctance (VR) resolver, the three-phase symmetrical single-layer winding commonly used in the stator winding of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) is applied to the VR resolver in this paper. The proposed resolver has the same winding direction and number of turns on all teeth. And the non-overlapping distribution of the three-phase windings of the resolver is ensured. For this novel resolver, the resolver-to-digital conversion (RDC) method references the ultra-high-frequency (UHF) signal injection method used when a PMSM is powered off and restarted. Instead of the need for the orthogonal envelope RDC required by conventional resolvers, the absolute position of the rotor can be obtained. In this paper, the prototype of the proposed resolver and the peripheral circuits are fabricated and compared with the position detected by the optical encoder, and the validity of the proposed resolver and the accuracy of the RDC are verified by the results of the comparison experiments.
Yoga and Vyāyāma in New Bengali Sources
Authors:   SOAS University of London, Pajunen Ida
Published: May 2024

This paper examines yoga āsana and vyāyāma instruction from Bengal in the twentieth century. It focuses on three themes as they appear in materials prior to the 1960s. These themes are the focus on yoga for health, the inclusion of vyāyāma in Bengali language sources and the introduction of women to yoga.
Políticas públicas de financiamento da educação no Brasil
Authors: Ferreira Caroline Gomes , Lima Luciana de , Vasconcelos Francisco Herbert Lima
Published: May 2024

O Financiamento da Educação no Brasil teve em sua trajetória grandes marcos. Um dos mais importantes foi a criação do FUNDEB, com 27 fundos de natureza contábil, um para cada estado e o Distrito Federal. Ao longo dos anos muito foi conquistado através dos recursos advindos desta política pública tão importante, mas muito ainda há a ser feito. Este estudo tem por finalidade analisar a contribuição do FUNDEB desde sua criação como FUNDEF, observando a forma como este recurso foi distribuído aos estados e municípios, como também refletir sobre o Novo FUNDEB e suas atuais projeções. Considera-se que o fundo contribuiu para melhor equilibrar desigualdades entre os entes federativos, porém espera-se que com a maior participação da União, já prevista na Lei nº 14.113, de 25 de dezembro de 2020, haja uma distribuição mais homogênea dos recursos.
The role of art education in personality development
Authors: Shevtsova Olena , Tiahur Liubomyra , Tsyhaniuk Liutsiia , Kachurynets Serhii , Bodnaruk Iryna
Published: May 2024

We consider art education as the result and the very process of a person's assimilation of a system of skills, abilities, and knowledge, and on their basis, the formation of humanistic qualities of the individual, an aesthetic worldview, the development of creative potential, and artistic abilities. Learning, in the unity of developing, motivational, educational, and educational functions, as a process of personal education, is the main way of obtaining art education. Attention is drawn to an important aspect of the educational function of art education – moral education based on the moral component of art. The functions of art education are analyzed in detail and their role in personality development is shown. We conducted an experimental study to verify the created innovative environment of professional training of students in the conditions of the primary educational process for artistic and educational activities for personality development. Due to several developed measures that were applied during the formative stage of the experiment, the creation of just such an innovative environment was realized in the conditions of the primary educational process during the professional training of students for artistic and educational activities.
Clinical cases and recommendations for post-traumatic rehabilitation based on EI
Authors: Pryzvanska Roksolyana , Borysova Olesia , Mozgova Galyna , Fedorenko Alla
Published: May 2024

Psychological rehabilitation following traumatic events is essential for individuals to regain a sense of well-being and resilience. Emotional intelligence (EI) has emerged as a promising tool in trauma recovery, yet its specific role and effectiveness remain underexplored. This research aims to investigate the relevance of EI as a tool for psychological rehabilitation after traumatic events. Through the analysis of clinical cases, this study seeks to elucidate the impact of EI interventions on promoting resilience and facilitating recovery among trauma survivors. Clinical cases, presented in literature, of individuals who have experienced traumatic events were analyzed to assess the role of EI in their psychological rehabilitation. The results reveal that EI interventions significantly contribute to psychological rehabilitation after traumatic events. The integration of EI strategies into trauma recovery programs facilitated resilience-building and enhanced overall well-being among trauma survivors. Hence, the research underscores the relevance of EI as a tool for psychological rehabilitation after traumatic events. The conclusions highlight the effectiveness of EI interventions in promoting resilience and facilitating recovery among trauma survivors. By incorporating EI strategies into trauma recovery programs, mental health professionals can enhance the effectiveness of interventions and support individuals in their journey toward healing and recovery.
Predicative adjectives in the composition of expressions as tactics of positive and negative politeness strategies
Authors: Deichakivska Oleksandra
Published: May 2024

The present research focuses on analyzing the mechanisms of politeness and the role of adjectives in interpersonal relationships, considering them as important tools for expressing attitudes, emotions, and cultural values. Based on the research results, it has been established that politeness strategies and the use of adjectives vary significantly depending on cultural contexts, underscoring the need for a deeper understanding of linguistic norms and variations. Special attention has been paid to the role of adjectives, which serve not only as descriptive elements but also as means of expressing evaluations and emotions, thus, playing a significant role in intercultural interaction. The research conclusions underscore the importance of integrating intercultural understanding into the process of linguistic interaction. It has been revealed that successful intercultural communication requires not only language proficiency but also a deep understanding of cultural differences in politeness strategies. The research also points to the need for further exploration in this field, in particular, in developing practical recommendations for enhancing intercultural communication. In this context, knowledge and application of relevant linguistic strategies can contribute to better understanding and respect among representatives of different cultures.
Modeling the impact of the agricultural sector on the development of the regional economic systems
Authors: Gazuda Serhiі , Erfan Vitalii , Gazuda Mykhailo , Hertseh Viktoriia , Zavadska Olena
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the article is to study the role of the agricultural sector in the development of regional economic systems. The article uses general scientific and specific research methods, including: abstraction, analysis and synthesis, generalization, statistical and comparative analysis, dialectical and graphic. Within the framework of the study, it is proposed to investigate the impact of the agricultural sector on the regions’ development using the correlation-regression analysis method. The use of the specified methodology made it possible to simulate the regularity of the influence of the volume of agricultural products sold on the gross regional product.

The authors investigated the challenges faced by the agricultural sector since the full-scale invasion of Russia on the territory of Ukraine, among which the following are highlighted: the danger of the farmers’ work, limited access to land plots, equipment, fuel and fertilizers, minefields of agricultural land, crop decline, significant economic losses, insufficient resources, destroyed or damaged agricultural enterprises. The share of regions in agricultural production was analyzed, the leader and the outsider regions were distinguished. The study analyzed the impact of the agricultural sector on the development of the Carpathian Economic Region of Ukraine, which includes the Lviv, Chernivtsi, Transcarpathian and Ivano-Frankivsk regions. The results of the study demonstrate a significant relationship between the parameters of the volume of agricultural products sold and the gross regional product in Lviv (0.8801), Chernivtsi (0.8962), Transcarpathian (0.9674) and Ivano-Frankivsk (0.8985) regions. Also, the results of the calculations prove that the defined regression model is significant and corresponds as closely as possible to the real functioning model for all four regions.
Forensic aspect of international cooperation against transnational criminal groups
Authors: Luhovyi Viktor , Drozd Vitalii , Hahach Vitalii , Oliinyk Serhii , Frantovskyi Yevhenii
Published: May 2024

The aim of the article is to study legal regulation and determine the forensic aspect of international cooperation during the investigation of crimes committed by transnational organized criminal groups. Methodology. The following methods were used in the course of the research: dialectical, method of theoretical analysis and synthesis, systemic and structural, formal and logical, comparative and legal method, summarization. Research results. Attention is focused on the fact that international cooperation is a necessary condition for the investigation of certain types of crimes committed by transnational organized groups. The need for all countries of the world to coordinate and improve their legal basis for effective cooperation both in the investigation of criminal offenses and in their prevention is stressed. Practical meaning. It is noted that there are two structural subdivisions in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, which are entrusted with the responsibility of coordinating international cooperation with law enforcement agencies of other countries on issues of combating and investigating criminal offenses. Value/originality. Based on the analysis of the cited works, the forms of international cooperation during the investigation of offences committed by transnational organized criminal groups are determined.
Technologies for using interactive artificial intelligence tools in the teaching of foreign languages and translation
Authors: Yefymenko Tetiana , Bilous Tamara , Zhukovska Anna , Sieriakova Iryna , Moyseyenko Iryna
Published: May 2024

The article explores the potential of artificial intelligence technologies in teaching foreign languages and translation. It explores the advantages and possible challenges of using such technologies in language education and provides practical examples. The article also discusses perspectives on the future development and use of interactive artificial intelligence tools in the field of language teaching and translation. The integration of artificial intelligence into higher education has ushered in a new era of transformation in educational processes, reforming various aspects of the educational experience. The advantages of introducing artificial intelligence into higher education are numerous, ranging from personalized learning paths to intelligent assessment tools. The tools are classified into categories for students, teachers, and the education system. It identifies key results of such processes and examines various technologies, including Linguatech Learning Assistant, Linguatech Translation Tool, and Linguatech Language Lab, which help students improve their language and translation skills. The research examines the effectiveness of interactive tools in education, comparing their use in classroom and distance learning formats. The article’s conclusions are significant for the development and improvement of language and translation education programs that use innovative artificial intelligence technologies.
Innovative approaches to risk management in the field of public administration in Ukraine: prospects and limitations
Authors: Pryimak Mariia , Kalyta Larysa , Sokolov Mykola , Vladyslav Kaplun , Krasnykov Yevgen
Published: May 2024

In the dynamic landscape of public administration in Ukraine, addressing risks through innovative approaches has become a critical imperative. The primary aim of this study is to assess the prospects and limitations of innovative approaches to risk management within the field of public administration in Ukraine. By scrutinizing current practices, the study aims to provide insights into the effectiveness and potential hurdles associated with integrating innovative strategies into the risk management framework. A comprehensive review of relevant literature and case studies related to risk management in public administration in Ukraine was conducted. The results of the study reveal a range of innovative approaches employed in Ukrainian public administration for risk management. These include technological solutions, data-driven decision-making processes, and adaptive governance strategies. It also identifies limitations such as bureaucratic impediments, resource constraints, and the need for enhanced legal frameworks. In conclusion, the findings underscore the importance of innovative risk management in Ukrainian public administration. The study advocates for a holistic approach, emphasizing the need for legal reforms, resource allocation, and fostering a culture of innovation within public administration entities. Therefore, the findings highlight the intricate balance between prospects and limitations in integrating innovative risk management approaches in Ukrainian public administration.