bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
«ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ТУРИЗМ» ПЕТРА I: ВАРВАРСТВО ЯВНОЕ И ЛАТЕНТНОЕ
Authors: О.А. КИРЬЯШ
Published: November 2024

В статье раскрывается содержание понятия «образовательный туризм», сложившееся в период правления Петра I, прописаны его основные характеристики. Автором представлены приоритетные направления образовательного туризма, имевшие место в начале XVIII в. На материалах писем и путевых заметок представлен собирательный образ студента эпохи Петра I, получавшего образование за границей, который совмещал в себе цивилизационный и варварский компоненты. Ментальная карта студентов XVIII в. претерпела значительные изменения. В ней прослеживается постепенное движение от варварского к цивилизованному восприятию окружающей действительности. Это нашло отражение в появлении новых интеллектуальных конструктов ментальной карты и изменении приоритетов в оценке значимости пространства.

The article reveals the content of the concept of «educational tourism», formed during the reign of Peter I, its main characteristics. The author presents the priority directions of educational tourism that took place in the beginning of XVIII century On the materials of letters and travel notes presents a collective image of the student of the epoch of Peter I, who received education abroad, which combined the civilization and barbarian components. The mental map of students of the XVIII century has undergone significant changes. It traces the gradual movement from barbaric to civilized perception of the surrounding reality. This is reflected in the emergence of new intellectual constructs of the mental map and changing priorities in assessing the importance of space.
АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ СОБЫТИЙНОСТИ
Authors: К.В. ХВОСТОВА
Published: November 2024

Автор анализирует понимание исторического события в рамках современной философии и исторической науки. Согласно философии М. Хайдеггера только крупномасштабные феномены, которые превосходят границы повседневности, могут рассматриваться как событие. Явления повседневности не являются событием. Принимая во внимание тесную связь крупных исторических событий и происшествий повседневности и на основе учета роли конкретики в рамках современной постнеклассической научной парадигмы, автор полагает, что социальные феномены повседневности должны в исторических исследованиях также рассматриваться как события. Анализируется роль математических методов в исторической науке при изучении отдаленного прошлого. Учитывается роль современной постнеклассической научной парадигмы. Выводы иллюстрируются с помощью примеров византийской истории.
ХРИСТИАНСКОЕ КУЛЬТОВОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ФРАНЦИИ
Authors: М.К. ЛЮБАРТ
Published: November 2024

Некогда считавшаяся «старшей дочерью» Католической церкви, Франция сегодня относится к числу стран, где процессы дехристианизации зашли особенно далеко. Получивший печальную известность пожар Собора Парижской Богоматери в апреле 2019 г, —только один из подобных примеров. Количество инцидентов, связанных с христианскими храмами, зарегистрированными полицией, составляет в последнее десятилетие около тысячи в год. Это разграбления, осквернения мест христианского культа, нападения и убийства священников и т.п. Но, кроме того, ежегодно, ряд церквей, признанные не имеющими историко-культурной ценности, сносятся с ведома властей, а некоторые пустующие храмы передаются представителям других религий. Несмотря на протесты (ставших немногочисленными) католических общин и отдельных деятелей политики и культуры, деградация и разрушение храмов не вызывает сколько-нибудь сильной реакции в обществе. Существует целый ряд причин такого положения вещей, коренящихся, вероятно, в идеологических установках неолиберализма, включая особенности преподавания истории, политики лаицизма, нарушения трансмиссии передачи прежних культурных ценностей и т.д.

Once considered the “eldest daughter” of the Catholic Church, France today is one of the countries where the de-Christianization processes have gone especially far. The infamous fire of Notre Dame Cathedral in April 2019 is just one example. The number of incidents related to Christian churches registered by the police in the last decade is about a thousand (!) per year. This is the looting, desecration of places of the Christian cult, the attack and murder of priests, etc. But, in addition, annually, a number of churches, recognized as having no historical and cultural value, are demolished with the knowledge of the authorities, and some empty churches are transferred to representatives of other religions. Despite the protests of the Catholic communities and individual figures of politics and culture, the degradation and destruction of temples does not cause any strong reaction in society. There are a number of reasons for this state of affairs, probably rooted in the ideological principles of neoliberalism, including the peculiarities of teaching history at schools, the politics of laicism, transmission disruptions, the evolution of former cultural values, etc.
EFFICACY OF NERVE ROOT BLOCK FOR THE TREATMENT OF LUMBAR SPINAL CANAL STENOSIS IN ADULTS OLDER THAN 80 YRS OF AGE
Authors:   Junior Resident in Orthopaedics, ACPM Medical College, Dhule., Shrinivas Madke Aman , Zadbuke Yogesh ,   Professor in Orthopaedics, ACPM Medical College, Dhule., Basavraj Chadchan Devanand ,   Junior Resident in Orthopaedics, ACPM Medical College, Dhule.
Published: November 2024

Background: Patients with advanced lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LCS) often prefer non-operative

treatment owing to decreased physiological function and comorbidities. Although the therapeutic value ofselective nerve root block (SNRB) for LCS is confirmed, there are few reports of its effectiveness in theelderly. We investigated the efficacy of SNRB for LCS in patients over 80 years of age.

Methods: The subjects were 112 patients aged over 80 years (mean age: 84 years 45 men and 67 women)with medication-resistant LCS without cauda equina syndrome who underwent SNRB. Cases with acute-onset lumbar disc herniation were excluded. We retrospectively investigated and compared the presence orabsence of surgery, effect of SNRB, number of procedures, duration of disease, and magnetic resonanceimaging findings. Patients who could avoid the surgery by SNRB were defined as the effective group. Patientswhose symptoms were not relieved by SNRB and who underwent surgery and those whose symptoms werenot relieved but who continued conservative treatment were defined as the ineffective group. A total of oneto seven SNRBs were performed in both groups, and the same spine surgeon performed the entire procedurefrom SNRB to surgery.

Results: There were 86 nonoperative patients (69 effective cases) and 26 operative patients the overall rateof effectiveness was 61% (69/112 patients). The area of the spinal canal at the responsible level was 108.63mm2in the effective group compared with 77.06 mm 2 in the ineffective group. This was significantlynarrower in the ineffective group (p=0.0094). There was no significant difference in the duration of illness,number of blocks, or hernia complication rate between the groups. No patient experienced severe neuralgiathat may have been caused by neuropathy during SNRB.

Discussion: Our outcome showed that more than 60% of older patients with LCS showed symptomatic improvement with SNRB. SNRB can be performed relatively safely in the elderly and appears to be afavourable treatment option for older patients with various risks, such as poor general condition.

Conclusions: Multiple sessions of SNRB may provide older patients with symptomaticimprovement and maybe an option for treatment.
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF EDUCATION PROGRAMS BY NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS IN RWANDA A CASE OF EDUCATE! RWANDA
Authors:   MBA- Project Management and Dr. Irechukwu Eugenia Nkechi (Phd)Mount Kenya University., Julius Muhwezi
Published: November 2024

This research aimed at ascertaining the relationship between resource management and programs in Rwandan NGO implementations, with a focus on education-related projects. Evaluating the effects of time resource on the effectiveness of non-governmental organizations operations was a clear objective of the research. Determining the impact of time management during program implementation in NGOs was the studys primary goal. The literature review gives detailed assertion on the implementation of educational sector based programs run by NGOs in Rwanda and how they are linked to resource management which eventually have significant influence on operation of such programs. The study will be relied upon by education stakeholders to establish the role played by NGOs via different programs towards the achievement of educational goals in Rwanda. This study highlighted the contribution of proper management of resources on the implementation of education programs both by NGOs and other concerned stakeholders. The study is valuable through creating basis for other scholars and researchers to rely on it for further research as it adds on the existing knowledge. The target population comprised of NGO staff, school staff plus students totaling to two hundred and thirty-five (235) participants from whom simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to come up with sample size of the study respondents. In order to accomplish the studys aim, a mixed method approach was utilized to collect both qualitative and quantitative data through structured questionnaires as well as interviews.In easy to reach locations, the questionnaires were handed by hand, and those who were found difficult to interact with received them via email. The study data was analyzed and interpreted using tools like SPSS (Version 25.0), ANOVA and Descriptive statistics to organize and summarize the data using Pearsons correlation (for correlation analysis). This helped to present the findings as well as coming up with valid conclusions and recommendations.The study revealed that from the perception of Students, School staff and Educate! Staff, the expression of r = 0.354, r = 0.950 and r = 0.769 respectively proves that management of resources have positive correlation and greatly influence implementation of education programs.
Exploring the Impact of Financial Literacy on Financial Satisfaction Among Youth: Mediating Role of Financial Behavior
Authors: MV Anumol , S. Malavika
Published: November 2024

Analyzing the financial habits of youth has become a substantial topic of interest in recent years. This research examines the association between financial literacy, behavior, and satisfaction among youth. The knowledge, skills, and attitudes essential to making choices related to financial matters form financial literacy. Financial behavior encompasses spending habits, saving practices, and debt management. Financial satisfaction represents how content a person feels about their present financial situation. The research investigates how financial literacy levels influence financial behaviors and how these behaviors, in turn, affect financial satisfaction. The study aims to identify how awareness and literacy on personal financial management can influence financial satisfaction among youth.
Strategic Failure of Paytm: A Study on Paytm’s Journey in India’s Fintech Era
Authors: Verma Sushil K.
Published: November 2024

Paytm major fintech company in India’s fintech economy began to streamline online money transfers for people and businesses. However, the firm has aggressively expanded its offerings. It will later help with loans, DTH, online banking, eCommerce, and e-recharge. This user-friendly and convenient platform has won over Indians. Later, Paytm added stockbroking, the National Pension System (NPS), Paytm First Games, Insurance, Credit and Debit Cards, and a mini app store. This expansion aimed to help Indian app developers and enterprises a lot and also shows Paytm’s dedication to provide a wide range of easy-to-use financial services. But due to its inability to maintain openness and challenge its ethical practices, the corporation has suffered. Brand value and customer trust have plummeted. Informal decision-making based on founders’ intuition or short-term aims lead to inconsistency and strategic loss. The fintech giant’s emphasis on quick expansion at the business and services of adhering to regulations resulted in significant legal and reputational issues, leading to substantial losses in both reputation and business, as well as legal obstacles.
Trust in Robo-Advisory Services: An Examination of Factors Shaping Investment Behavior
Authors: G  Nair Dr. Sreejaa , S. Chakkambath Dr. Ranjith
Published: November 2024

Behavioural finance investigates how psychological factors influence financial decision-making. Trust is a critical psychological element shaping investor behaviour, especially in robo-advisory services, where human-machine interaction is dominant. This study examines the role of trust and its determinants in influencing investment decisions within robo-advisory platforms. The primary objective of this research is to study the role of trust in Robo-Advisory services and examine the factors shaping investment behavior. The primary data were collected from 202 respondents through a structured questionnaire from the investors in Kerala. Statistical analyses such as ANOVA, t-tests, and multiple regression were used to analyse the data. The study finds that respondents generally displayed a moderate level of trust in the reliability of recommendations provided by robo-advisory services. There was a relatively neutral stance on whether robo-advisory services would act in their best interest. This study is significant as it provides insights into the factors that affect trust in robo-advisory platforms. Understanding these factors can assist service providers in enhancing their contributions and guide investors in making informed decisions. The findings have practical implications for both groups, potentially fostering increased utilization and effectiveness of robo-advisory services. The study acknowledges limitations, including the potential for response bias, cross-sectional data, and the generalizability of findings to a broader population.
Covid Pandemic as a Black Swan Event and Its Impact on World Economies with Special Reference to India
Authors: Pati Dr. Kailash , Pandey Dr. Abhishek Kumar
Published: November 2024

An event that is not predicted to occur or unexpected events are called black Swans. Such incidents leave an important impression on the economic, political and social sectors. All these events are mainly included under the event of Black Swan such as both World Wars, the fall of the Soviet Union, the rise of Islamic fundamentalists, 9/11,the impact of the spread of the Internet, and the 1987 and 2008 financial crises and Russia Ukraine war so on and so forth.  COVID pandemic, which came in 2020, is also included under the phenomenon of Black Swan, about which no one had ever thought. Due to this pandemic, all the economic activities of the world had come to a complete halt for some time. Lockdown was imposed all over the world; people were locked in the four walls of their homes like prisoners. All the modes of transport and fairies were fixed in their places, roads, airports, and railway stations became deserted. Educational institutions and all factories were locked. Due to this pandemic, the condition of the poor became worse and is still the same; the rate of unemployment also increased significantly in the formal and in informal sectors. The people's status declined significantly. Nations also faced economic crisis. This paper is an attempt to undertake an in- depth analysis of Covid pandemic and its worldwide socio-economic effects on different categories of people and different nations. The impact on employment conditions, small- and large-scale production activities, supply chain disruptions, international trade, health and human welfare, social security issues will also be looked into. It will also try to analyze remedial steps taken by different countries and their impact on their respective economies as whole.
Keywords: Pandemic, BlackSwan, Economic activities, Lockdown, Covid
Treated greywater as a novel water resource: The perspective of greywater treatment for reuse from a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Yánez Diana , Espinoza Lidia Carolina , Vargas Ignacio , Romero Julio , Aguirre María Jesús , Arce Roxana , Quijada-Maldonado Esteban , Abejon Ricardo
Published: November 2024

The current global water crisis has prompted research into technologies that can reuse different water resources to mitigate water scarcity. The use of treated greywater can be proposed to provide additional water resources. By reusing this water in different applications, this water crisis can be mitigated at the local scale. This study presents a bibliometric analysis to assess the state of the art of greywater treatment and its reuse technologies. This analysis is based on the scientific literature published until 2023 in Scopus regarding greywater treatment and 1,024 documents were found. The results showed a clear exponential increase in the accumulated number of publications in this topic, which was spurred during the mid-1990s. The most prolific country was the United States, while China, the other typical scientific superpower in most fields, occupied the sixth position in the ranking. Environmental Sciences was the knowledge subject with more documents, followed by Engineering and Chemical Engineering. The bibliometric study was complemented using SciMAT to create bibliometric networks that represent the dynamic evolution of the themes. The most important themes were identified, among which three key points stand out: greywater characterization, technologies for greywater treatment, and water management, including the reuse of treated greywater.
Domain adaptation through active learning strategies for anomaly classification in wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Bellamoli Francesca , Vian Marco , Di Iorio Mattia , Melgani Farid
Published: November 2024

The increasing use of intermittent aeration controllers in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) aims to reduce aeration costs via continuous ammonia and oxygen measurements but faces challenges in detecting sensor and process anomalies. Applying machine learning to this unbalanced, multivariate, multiclass classification challenge requires much data, difficult to obtain from a new plant. This study develops a machine learning algorithm to identify anomalies in intermittent aeration WWTPs, adaptable to new plants with limited data. Utilizing active learning, the method iteratively selects samples from the target domain to fine-tune a gradient-boosting model initially trained on data from 17 plants. Three sampling strategies were tested, with low probability and high entropy sampling proving effective in early adaptation, achieving an F2-score close to the optimal with minimal sample use. The objective is to deploy these models as decision support systems for WWTP management, providing a strategy for efficient model adaptation to new plants, and optimizing labeling efforts.
Reação de germoplasmas de melão a Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae e herança da resistência do acesso AC-33 a Monosporascus cannonballus
Authors:   , Guimarães Izabel Macedo
Published: November 2024

O cultivo do meloeiro no semiárido nordestino em ciclos consecutivos tem gerado problemas causados por fungos habitantes do solo, como Fusarium solani e Monosporascus cannonballus. O uso de cultivares resistentes é uma medida interessante para o manejo da doença. Em razão disso, é importante que fontes de resistência sejam identificadas e se conheça a herança da resistência. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram: a) avaliar a reação de acessos de meloeiro a F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae e b) avaliar a reação de acessos e estudar a herança da resistência do acesso AC-33 a M. cannonballus. No primeiro experimento, foram avaliados 21 acessos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em casa-de-vegetação. Foram inoculados dois isolados, com o método do palito, aos 15 dias após a semeadura. A avaliação dos acessos foi realizada 30 dias após a inoculação, com uma escala de 0 a 4. Os acessos AC-01, AC-09, AC-42, AC-45 e AC-50 e a cultivar ‘Doublon’ são os materiais mais promissores para uso em programas de melhoramento genético visando à resistência a F. solani ou como porta-enxertos. No segundo experimento, foram avaliados 16 acessos e a linhagem OF-02 em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Utilizou-se o isolado MC-16 para infestação de mistura em volume de 1:1:1 de terra, turfa e areia, previamente esterilizada com a adição de uma concentração 20 u.f.c./g de solo. A avaliação foi realizada aos 45 dias utilizando uma escala de notas (1 a 5). No terceiro experimento, investigou-se a herança da resistência do acesso AC-33 (resistente) cruzado com a linhagem OF-02 (suscetível). Observou-se a existência de variabilidade no germoplasma investigado para reação ao fungo. O acesso AC-33 é altamente resistente a M. cannonballus e sua resistência é controlada por um gene maior de efeito aditivo e dominante e poligenes de efeitos aditivos
Qualidade e conservação pós-colheita de melão em resposta à poda da haste principal e ao raleio de frutos
Authors:   , Ferreira Rafaella Martins de Araújo
Published: November 2024

Poda e raleio são práticas que podem alterar as relações fonte:dreno do meloeiro e, assim influenciar a qualidade e capacidade de armazenamento dos frutos. Assim, este estudo objetivou avaliar a influência da poda da haste principal e do raleio dos frutos na qualidade e conservação pós-colheita de melão. Para isto, foram realizados dois experimentos, sendo um com o melão Gália ‘Amaregal’ e o outro com melão Charentais ‘Banzai’, ambos com uma fase de campo e outra de laboratório. Em campo, as plantas foram submetidas à poda da haste principal e ao raleio dos frutos, com a colheita ocorrendo aos 66 e 74 dias após a semeadura (DAS), respectivamente para o melão Gália e Charentais. Os frutos foram levados para o laboratório, onde foram higienizados, caracterizados e armazenados em câmara fria. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em esquema de parcelas sub-divididas, sendo a parcela constituída pelo fatorial 2 x 4 +1: poda (sem poda e com poda), épocas de raleio (32, 35, 38 e 41 DAS para o melão Gália; e 42, 45, 48 e 51 DAS para o melão Charentais) e uma testemunha adicional (sem poda e sem raleio); e a sub-parcela constituída pelo armazenamento (0, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias), com quatro blocos. As seguintes análises foram realizadas: número de frutos por planta (NFP), massa média dos frutos (MMF), produtividade (PROD), perda de massa (PM), aparência externa (AE) e interna (AI), cor do epicarpo e mesocarpo, firmeza de polpa (FP), acidez titulável (AT), teor de sólidos solúveis (SS), açúcares solúveis totais (AST), açúcares redutores (AR) e não-redutores (ANR), e vitamina C (VITC). Verificou-se no melão Gália que a poda da haste principal do meloeiro realçou a cor do epicarpo e aumentou o ANR, porém reduziu os SS. O raleio aos 41 DAS depreciou a AE e reduziu os SS, AST e ANR, mas foi positivo para a cor do epicarpo e mesocarpo, bem como aumentou a VITC. A poda reduziu a AT e a perda na FP dos frutos aos 14 e 28 dias de armazenamento, respectivamente. A poda associada ao raleio aos 38 DAS reduziu a PM aos 28 dias de armazenamento e propiciou incremento no AR dos frutos. E ao longo do armazenamento houve redução nas notas de AE e AI e nos teores de SS, AR, ANR, AST e VITC. Por outro lado, no melão Charentais, a poda reduziu a PM dos frutos aos 28 dias de armazenamento. A poda também diminuiu a AT dos frutos. Os tratamentos de poda e raleio influenciaram positivamente a cor do epicarpo dos frutos. O raleio aos 42 DAS elevou os SS e a relação SS/AT. Durante o período de armazenamento houve redução na AE, AI, FP, AT, AR e VITC, e incremento nos SS, relação SS/AT, AST e ANR
Promising Inhibitors of Endocannabinoid Degrading Enzymes Sharing a Carbamate Scaffold
Authors: Jaiswal Shivani , Ayyannan Senthil Raja
Published: November 2024

Carbamate has been extensively used as a scaffold in the recent era of drug discovery and
is a common structural motif of many approved drugs. The carbamate moiety's unique amide-ester
hybrid (-O-CO-NH-) feature offers the designing of specific drug-target interactions. Despite the
discovery of numerous carbamate derivatives that act on the endocannabinoid system (ECS), the
development of clinically effective carbamates remains a challenge. In this review, we highlight the
therapeutic potential of carbamate inhibitors of endocannabinoid degrading enzymes as a
breakthrough in discovering neurotherapeutic drugs. We discuss the design strategies and medicinal
chemistry aspects involved in developing carbamate-based molecular architectures that modulate
the endocannabinoid signaling pathway by interfering with fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH),
monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), and α/β-Hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6). Additionally,
we highlight the dual activity profile of carbamates against FAAH and MAGL, FAAH and
cholinesterase, and FAAH and TRPV1 channels. Furthermore, we illustrate the pharmacophores of
O-functionalized carbamates and N-cyclic carbamates that are crucial for FAAH and MAGL
inhibitory activities, respectively.
Correlations between SHBG, Sex Hormones, Inflammation, and Neurocognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Jin Jiali , Lu Libo , Hua Kaiyao , Fang Ling , Li Xiao , Li Wen
Published: November 2024

Background:

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by a progressive neurodegenerative
process leading to cognitive decline and functional impairment. Endocrine factors, particularly
sex hormones and their binding proteins, play a critical role in AD pathophysiology. Understanding
the relationship between these factors and AD is essential for developing targeted interventions.

Objective:

To investigate the potential links between sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels,
sex hormone profiles, inflammatory markers, and neurocognitive decline in patients with AD.

Methods:

A retrospective case-control investigation was conducted with 110 AD patients who
were admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to December 2023, and the patients were classified
into either a mild neurocognitive impairment group (n=59) or a moderate to severe neurocognitive
impairment group (n=51) according to their cognitive function. Correlation and regression
analyses were conducted to examine relationships between variable factors.

Results:

The study revealed a significant neurocognitive decline in AD patients with lower Mini--
Mental State Examination (MMSE) and higher AD Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-
Cog) scores in the moderate to severe neurocognitive impairment group compared to the
mild neurocognitive impairment group. Additionally, the moderate to severe neurocognitive impairment
group significantly increased for SHBG, estradiol, progesterone inflammatory markers
[C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β
(IL-1β)). It decreased for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)].
Moreover, significant positive correlations were found between SHBG levels and ADAS-Cog
scores, and significant negative correlations were found between SHBG levels and MMSE scores.
FSH showed significant negative correlations with the MMSE score, while certain inflammatory
markers demonstrated significant correlations with neurocognitive abilities. The correlation between
sex hormones and inflammatory factors is weak. FSH, LH, SHBG, CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and
IL-1β are risk factors for neurocognitive impairment, while E2 and P are protective factors.

Conclusion:

The study provides evidence of significant correlations between SHBG levels, sex
hormone profiles, inflammatory markers, and neurocognitive decline in AD patients.
The Impact of Standardization of Intravenous Medication on Patient Safety and Quality of Healthcare: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alharthi Abdullah , Alshagrawi Salah
Published: November 2024

Background

Intravenous (IV) drugs are essential in today's healthcare systems for providing patients with accurate and timely therapy in a variety of clinical situations. However, administering IV drugs is intrinsically difficult and fraught with error-proneness, which may seriously compromise patient safety and the standard of medical treatment. One important tactic to reduce these hazards and improve overall patient care is the adoption of standardized procedures for IV drug delivery. This systematic literature review aims to thoroughly investigate and summarize the body of knowledge about the effects of IV drug standardization on patient safety and the caliber of healthcare delivery.

Methods

We used a systematic review approach to examine the impact of standardized intravenous medicine on patient safety and healthcare quality. Guided by the PRISMA framework, we searched articles specifically discussing the standardization of intravenous medication and its implications on patient safety and healthcare quality and related peer-reviewed articles in two major academic databases, PubMed and Google Scholar, based on predetermined eligibility criteria. JBI tool was employed to evaluate the quality of the included studies.

Results

A total of 112 studies were selected from the two major databases, PubMed and Google Scholar, 61 and 51 studies, respectively. After applying the eligibility criteria, 8 studies were finalized for the systematic review. The outcomes showed a variety of clinical settings demonstrate the importance of standardization, and they argue for the maintenance of a focus on the use of standardized procedures in healthcare settings.

Conclusion

The study findings provide compelling evidence in favor of the implementation and ongoing focus on standardized medication concentrations as a critical tactic to enhance patient safety and improve the standard of healthcare. Thus, the creation and use of standardized procedures should be given top priority by healthcare institutions as they advance because they will remain essential to the pursuit of healthcare excellence.
Nanotheranostic Approach for Targeting Tauopathies in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanistic Insight and Recent Advances
Authors: Sahu Kantrol Kumar , Chaudhary Ruchi , Farooqi Mohd. Asad , Kaurav Monika
Published: November 2024

aims:

This article first provides an introduction to tauopathy in AD before summarizing current research on the creation of tau-oriented multi-target directed ligands and small compounds as therapies that target tau alteration, aggregation, and degradation.

background:

The most prevalent type of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), is typified by the presence of intracellular tau protein neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular amyloid plaques. There are currently about 50 million people who have dementia, and by 2030, that number is predicted to rise to 75 million, placing a significant financial strain on the nation's healthcare system.

objective:

The overall goal of this work is to present a thorough and critical review of small compounds that are being investigated as potential treatment candidates for AD tauopathy.

method:

Novel disease-modifying treatments are desperately needed to combat this illness, given the consequences on patients' quality of life and the mounting financial strain. There are currently no disease-modifying medications available; instead, the majority of available therapies are symptomatic ones such as cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockers.

result:

The primary focus of therapeutic research against AD has shifted to tau-targeting strategies following multiple unsuccessful attempts to create medications against amyloidopathy.

conclusion:

The majority of current pharmacologic research focuses on developing drugs with multiple pharmacological payloads or combining them into a single delivery platform, which may be a promising strategy for completing multiple functions at once. Recent studies have shown that NPs can effectively cross the blood-brain barrier and exhibit inhibitory effects that enhance targeting and effectiveness at specific pH and temperature ranges

other:

As of right now, there isn't an anti-amyloid drug on the market to treat AD. AD may be such a complex disease that a multimodal approach will be needed to stop its progression.
Brain-Computer Interface on Medical Devices: A Promising Technology with Limitless Possibilities
Authors: Varughese Jijo Shaji , Arjun M. , Mishra Sangita , Venkatesh M. P.
Published: November 2024

Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology has emerged as a groundbreaking innova-tion with transformative potential in medical devices. BCIs are analyzed for their ability to diag-nose, treat, and manage neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, ALS, and stroke.

The study explores the integration of BCI technology into medical devices and examines the challenges and opportunities regulatory authorities face in overseeing this rapidly evolving field.

The study employs a comprehensive literature review with the help of databases like Google Scholar, and PubMed, analyzing case studies and regulatory requirements.

BCI technology enables direct communication between the human brain and external devices, allowing for the control of computers or prosthetic limbs. Additionally, software tools facilitate the analysis of recorded brain signals, aided by advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI), in-cluding Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL), for automatic classification of EEG signals. However, the rapid advancement leads to high costs and complexity of BCI systems which can limit their accessibility and scalability, posing a barrier. Moreover, the development of standardized protocols and guidelines for BCI implementation is essential to maintain con-sistency and reliability across applications.

The ethical considerations surrounding BCI technology are vital and emphasize the need for government regulations to ensure its safe and effective integration into healthcare. BCI's poten-tial for responsible innovation in patient-centric care is advocated, propelling medical technolo-gy into a new era of seamless integration and improved patient outcomes.
The Place of Mature Drugs in COVID-19 Era
Authors: Pasquali Christian , Zingg Daniel , Ballarini Stefania , Rossi Giovanni A. , Haller Hermann
Published: November 2024

COVID-19 infection, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is associated with
substantial morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 infection has three distinct phases: 1,
early infection phase; 2, pulmonary phase; and 3, the hyperinflammatory phase.
Despite a major focus on vaccines and new therapeutics, existing drugs sharing some
known mechanistic with this virus, have also gained interest. The potential positioning
of three mature innovative drugs, which could be of potential use in this pandemic
environment, is discussed in this chapter: OM-85 and calcium dobesilate, and their salt
form etamsylate, have revealed anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties. OM-85, a
bacterial extract originating from 21 pathogenic strains isolated from human lungs and
indicated for the prevention of recurrent respiratory tract infections, stimulates both
innate and adaptive immunity, resulting in non-specific loco-regional immune
responses. It has shown anti-viral activity in a number of virus infection models,
including influenza H1N1, rhinovirus, and more recently, coronaviruses. It has also
shown some immunoregulatory properties. Accordingly, there is a rationale for further
investigations on OM-85 to be used as prophylaxis for other respiratory infections and
potentially in long-COVID. For calcium dobesilate, currently indicated for the
treatment of microvascular diseases while preserving microvascular integrity via
antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, there are cumulating data that could
promote its potential use for the treatment during phase 2 to protect the vascular
endothelium. Calcium dobesilate has anti-viral properties and was recently shown to
interfere with the SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein binding to the ACE2 receptor.
Accordingly, one could also postulate to use it during phase 1. Etamsylate, an antihaemorrhagic and antiangiogenic agent that improves platelet adhesiveness and
restores capillary resistance, is indicated for the prevention and treatment of capillary
haemorrhages. Considering its mechanism of action, etamsylate could be envisage for
use as potential treatment during phase 3 for viral-induced complications. Importantly, none of these afore mentioned drugs are currently approved for the prevention or
treatment of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. Further, the conduction of well-designed
clinical trials is warranted.
A Comprehensive Detail of Natural Anti-Infective Agents
Authors: Sharma Anamika , Suresh Patil Shivprasad , Padwad Yogendra
Published: November 2024

The immune response is an essential regulatory system designed to confer
protective ability to hosts against various foreign challenges, including bacteria and
viruses. However, self-perpetuation and over-aggravation of the immune system are
also responsible for a variety of infectious diseases in humans. Phytochemicals are
biologically active, non-nutritive, low molecular weight secondary metabolites that
occur in different parts of plants and are well known for their various health-beneficial
effects. The non-nutritional plant-based bioactive molecules are amongst the major
groups responsible for a majority of immunomodulatory health benefits. These
phytomolecules have been shown to possess a significant role in the regulation of
various vital cell signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of various infectious
diseases such as tuberculosis, hepatitis, pneumonia and dengue. Bioactive molecules
may play an essential protective role in infectious diseases by interfering with innate
and adaptive immune cell regulation, especially proinflammatory cytokine synthesis
and cell activation. Considering this, nowadays, most of the natural products are
processed and developed as immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for different
infectious diseases. In this chapter, we will discuss phytomolecules, their biological
potential, and how these molecules regulate innate and adaptive immune responses in
infectious diseases. We will also discuss and compare the depth of knowledge available
from previous works, which emphasize the importance of developing phytomolecules
based preventive and therapeutic approaches as alternatives to synthetic counterparts in
infectious diseases.
Transmission Cycle of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Badar Mohammad Sufian , Khan Tahira , Negi Harsha , Najmi Abul Kalam , Alam Junaid
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), progressed to a global pandemic and led to millions of
deaths worldwide over the years since its COVID-19 origin. Coronavirus transmission
is a zoonotic spillover, which means that virus transmission can occur from a vertebrate
animal to a human host. The CoV genome underwent continuous recombination and
evolution, which resulted in interspecies transmission and the virus' recurrent
emergence as a pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 infection primarily results in respiratory
symptoms, like pneumonia, that range from mild to severe in severity, along with
alveolar injury ultimately leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and
death. This chapter outlines the SARS-CoV-2 transmission pathways, how the disease
spreads by infected people, and the consequences for the prevention and control of
infection, both inside and outside healthcare facilities. This section also covers modes
of transmission like horizontal, fomite, fecal-oral, nosocomial, and animal-to-human
transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Symptoms and Diagnostic Techniques of COVID19
Authors: Badar Mohammad Sufian , Nehal Aamir , Basharat Barka , Jahan Nushrat
Published: November 2024

COVID-19, an outbreak that has disrupted people's normal lives and
lifestyles worldwide, has evolved to rank among the top few major causes of death.
The virus spreads through direct and contact transmission and is thought to have a
zoonotic origin. Fever, cough, and myalgia are symptoms of the symptomatic phase,
which progresses to severe respiratory failure. It also includes pulmonary symptoms,
which involve the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Human antibody detection, viral antigen detection, and viral gene detection are used as
the foundation for the diagnostic tools developed thus far; however, viral gene
detection via RT-PCR has proven to be the most reliable method. It is one of the more
delicate approaches, which is also well-known for being highly advised for both
qualitative and quantitative products. There is another sensitive method too that can
precisely amplify a target nucleic acid known as loop-mediated isothermal
amplification or LAMP.
On the other hand, amplification of nucleic acid tests is the test that identifies COVID19, which works by identifying the RNA (ribonucleic acid) sequences responsible for
generating the viral genetic material. Diagnostic systems based on CRISPR for
COVID-19 have advantages like early screening (30 minutes from crude extract to
result), sensitivity and accuracy, mobility, and the absence of specific laboratory
equipment. Some other diagnostic techniques are CBNAAT and TruNAT, along with
some other serological assays that use the ELISA KIT. Lateral flow immunoassay,
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA)
are some of the other reliable diagnostic techniques.
Treatment Options for COVID-19 Infected Patients
Authors: Anju M. , Salim Vivas , Kamal Azfar , Ahmed Ekbal , Kumar Ravindra
Published: November 2024

The world witnessed the outbreak of the most dreadful zoonotic infection,
COVID-19, by the last month of 2019. The prompt dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 by
intermediate hosts in the human community paved the way for the WHO declaration of
a pandemic in 2020. In patients, the severity of this infection ranges from
asymptomatic to critical state, leading to complications like acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS). The different diagnostics investigated the rapid spread and
complexity of the disease. The omics and sequencing technologies helped to identify
the virus's structure and potential targets for drug discovery against the virus. Different
therapeutic agents like antivirals, antibiotics, etc., are administered to reduce the
infection. The various treatment options discussed in this chapter include different
types of drugs and their combinational therapies, monoclonal antibodies, immune
modulating treatments, promising vaccine developments, CRISPR-Cas13 therapy,
experimental therapeutic interventions, non-pharmacological interventions, etc. This
study also concentrates on the various challenges these clinical medications have faced.
By rectifying each challenge, new beneficial treatments can be made possible with the
fewest side effects.
Use of Machine Learning in Diagnosing COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Badar Mohammad Sufian , Kar Bipasa , Dehury Budheswar , Mishra Sarbani , Shamim Shamim Ahmed , Alam Md Anzar
Published: November 2024

The world has witnessed the most devastating pandemic due to the rapid
spread of COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV2 virus). The public health emergency of
international concern arose due to the sudden outbreak of COVID-19 where both
medical and socio-economic structures remain entirely altered not only in developed
countries but also in developing countries. In this crucial scenario, advanced
technologies like machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) assisted the
researchers and helped governments and other health officials (including frontline
workers) to manage the outbreak. ML is a sub-branch of computer science, where,
machines can analyze large datasets and derive inference from that variable data
structures. With the help of suitable algorithms, computers can imitate human behavior
by analyzing results and the machines can perform in less time with great accuracy.
During the pandemic, due to the scarcity of human resources, ML aided in the
diagnosis of patients, forecasted communal transmission, and also helped in the
development of effective antivirals and vaccines. In this chapter, we have highlighted
the importance of various state-of-the-art ML tools, algorithms and computational
models useful in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19. The circumstantial
applications of ML are also discussed with real-time case studies. Lastly, the
challenges faced by ML in COVID-19 supervision and future directions are also
discussed. This chapter will help the researchers and students to understand how this
powerful tool is employed to fight COVID-19 and can assist in future health
emergencies due to emerging pathogens.
Új paradigmák: versenyképességi elemzés és diszciplináris modellezés a sportturizmus kontextusában
Authors: Magyar Márton , Béki Piroska
Published: November 2024

Dynamic changes in sports tourism and maintaining the competitiveness of tourism are key to the success of the tourism industry. This research focuses on the creation of a disciplinary model that links the analysis of competitiveness models and the study of changes in sports tourism. In the literature base, we rely on the theoretical framework of competitiveness models and the understanding of sports tourism trends. The methodology of the research is based on secondary research and secondary literature analysis, with the help of which we can get a comprehensive picture of the current challenges and opportunities. The result will be the creation of a new model that integrates the links between competitiveness and sports tourism, supporting the maintenance and development of the competitiveness of the tourism sector. The model enables tourism players to react more effectively to the changes taking place in the sector and to increase the exploitation of the opportunities provided by sports tourism.
Factor Structure of Autism Symptoms in 5-6-Year-Old Children: Age Perspective
Authors: Nasledov Andrey , Tkacheva Liubov , Miroshnikov Sergey
Published: November 2024

The work identifies the factor structure of autism symptoms in older preschoolers to check their age dynamics. An Autism Marker Questionnaire containing 330 potential symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was developed to be implemented as an online survey. 501 children were examined (371 with ASD) already classified by experts as a group of ASD, typically developing (TD) or with developmental delay (DD). At the exploratory stage, a relatively simple 8-factor structure was obtained: Speech Understanding (SU), Emotions (Em), Persistence on Sameness (Sam), Hyperactivity/Disinhibition (Hyp), Sensory disintegration (Sen), Echolalia (Ech). Each factor formed a sufficiently reliable scale in terms of internal consistency. Logistic regression demonstrated high accuracy in dividing children into groups with and without ASD. The model for confirmatory analysis included eight primary factors and 3 secondary factors: 1) Communication disorders, COM (SU, Em, Emp, Ech), 2) Sensory disintegration, SD (SD, PS, Ech), 3) Praxis impairment, PI (Hyp, Mot). The multigroup confirmatory analysis confirmed the equivalence of the model for boys and girls, as well as 5- and 6-year-old children. The factors obtained can be considered as key autistic symptoms for this age group and can shed some light on our theoretical understanding of the autistic symptoms age dynamics in preschoolers.