bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the In Vitro Individual and Combined Effect of Arthrobotrys oligospora and A. musiformis (Orbiliales) Liquid Culture Filtrates against Infective Larvae of the Sheep Blood-Feeding Nematode Haemonchus contortus (Trichostrongylidae)
Authors: Colinas-Picazo Antonio , Mendoza-de Gives Pedro , Pérez-Anzúrez Gustavo , Gutiérrez-Medina Enrique , Bautista-García Génesis Andrea , Delgado-Núñez Edgar Jesús , Olmedo-Juárez Agustín
Published: June 2024

Background: Arthrobotrys species are nematophagous fungi that secrete extracellular nematocidal products (ECP). The individual and combined effects of ECP from Arthrobotrys oligospora (Ao) and A. musiformis (Am) growth in liquid media against Haemonchus contortus L3 (HcL3) were assessed. Methods: The isolation, morphological (MI) and molecular identification (Mol-I), assessment of nematocidal activity (NA) of fungal liquid culture filtrates (LCF) in two liquid media alone and in combination and the myco-compound profile identification (MCP) were performed. Results: The MI suggested that the fungi corresponded to the species Ao and Am. This result was confirmed by PCR analysis followed by sequencing, alignment and a phylogenetic analysis. Likewise, the highest Hc mortalities were 91.4% with individual LCF of Am and 86.2% with those of Ao at the highest concentration (100 mg/mL) in Czapek-Dox Broth. The combination of both LCF resulted in a similarly high larval mortality with no statistical differences in relation to individual activity (p > 0.05). The MCP showed the presence of alkaloids in both fungi. Coumarins, sterols and saponins were found only in Ao. Main conclusions: Both fungi produced ECP with a high NA that could be identified and assessed in future studies as potential natural anthelmintic compounds.
Mathieu–Hill Equation Stability Analysis for Trapped Ions: Anharmonic Corrections for Nonlinear Electrodynamic Traps
Authors: Mihalcea Bogdan M.
Published: June 2024

The stability properties of the Hill equation are discussed, especially those of the Mathieu equation that characterize ion motion in electrodynamic traps. The solutions of the Mathieu-Hill equation for a trapped ion are characterized by employing the Floquet theory and Hill’s method solution, which yields an infinite system of linear and homogeneous equations whose coefficients are recursively determined. Stability is discussed for parameters a and q that are real. Characteristic curves are introduced naturally by the Sturm–Liouville problem for the well-known even and odd Mathieu equations cem(z,q) and sem(z,q). In the case of a Paul trap, the stable solution corresponds to a superposition of harmonic motions. The maximum amplitude of stable oscillations for ideal conditions (taken into consideration) is derived. We illustrate the stability diagram for a combined (Paul and Penning) trap and represent the frontiers of the stability domains for both axial and radial motion, where the former is described by the canonical Mathieu equation. Anharmonic corrections for nonlinear Paul traps are discussed within the frame of perturbation theory, while the frontiers of the modified stability domains are determined as a function of the chosen perturbation parameter and we demonstrate they are shifted towards negative values of the a parameter. The applications of the results include but are not restricted to 2D and 3D ion traps used for different applications such as mass spectrometry (including nanoparticles), high resolution atomic spectroscopy and quantum engineering applications, among which we mention optical atomic clocks and quantum frequency metrology.
Review on the Anti-Hyperglycemic Potential of Psidium guajava and Seriphium plumosum L.
Authors: Thembane Nokukhanya , Hlatshwayo Sphamandla , Ngcobo Mlungisi , Ngubane Phikelelani , Gqaleni Nceba
Published: June 2024

The treatment and management of diabetes mellitus (DM) with conventional therapies, such as insulin injections and oral hypoglycemic agents, present significant challenges due to their side effects and burdensome administration. Therapies often manage symptoms rather than addressing insulin regulation, akin to medications like thiazolidinediones and glinides, which resemble many medicinal plants. Medicinal plants offer potential alternative treatments due to bioactive compounds targeting diabetes causes. We aimed to explore the antidiabetic potential of two medicinal plants, Psidium guajava and Seriphium plumosum L., by investigating their phytochemical constituents, medicinal uses, pharmacological actions, and mechanisms. This review followed specific guidelines and searched databases including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science for studies on medicinal plants and DM. Eligible studies underwent quality assessment and were categorized based on their design and interventions for data synthesis. This review identified the phytochemical constituents in Psidium guajava and Seriphium plumosum L., including tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and steroids, exerting antidiabetic effects through various mechanisms like antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, stimulation of insulin secretion, glucose regulation, and inhibition of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes. Psidium guajava and Seriphium plumosum L. exhibit promising antidiabetic potential, offering alternative approaches to diabetes management. Polyherbalism, combining multiple plant extracts, may enhance therapeutic efficacy in diabetes treatment. Comprehensive research is needed to explore the combined therapeutic effects of these plants and develop more effective antidiabetic treatments. This review highlights the importance of harnessing natural resources to combat the global burden of DM. Further research is warranted to fully explore the combined therapeutic effects of these plants and develop novel treatments.
Research on Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) in Africa
Authors: El Bilali Hamid , Dan Guimbo Iro , Nanema Romaric Kiswendsida , Falalou Hamidou , Kiebre Zakaria , Rokka Veli-Matti , Tietiambou Sheirita Reine Fanta , Nanema Jacques , Dambo Lawali , Grazioli Francesca , Naino Jika Abdel Kader , Gonnella Maria , Acasto Filippo
Published: June 2024

While Moringa oleifera Lam. is gaining importance in Africa, especially sub-Saharan Africa, it is unclear whether research is following the quick pace of its development on the continent. Therefore, this article analyzes the landscape of research dealing with moringa in Africa. This systematic review draws upon 299 eligible articles identified through a search carried out on the Web of Science in April 2023. Research on M. oleifera is rather recent in Africa but interest is increasing among scholars. While the research field is multidisciplinary and cross-sectoral, the literature seems to focus on biological and environmental sciences. Moreover, research is performed mainly in South Africa, Nigeria, Egypt, and Ghana. The analysis suggests a significant potential contribution of moringa to food security and nutrition, climate change mitigation/adaptation, farming systems resilience, and livelihoods. Its versatility and diverse applications and uses make moringa particularly interesting for developing countries, such as African ones. However, this review also underscores some factors hindering its development. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen research on moringa to unlock its potential in Africa. Investments in research, innovation, and development can help address the many challenges that Africa faces and contribute to the transition towards sustainable and resilient food systems.
Exploring the Antibacterial Potential of Lamiaceae Plant Extracts: Inhibition of Bacterial Growth, Adhesion, Invasion, and Biofilm Formation and Degradation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
Authors: Oalđe Pavlović Mariana , Kolarević Stoimir , Đorđević Aleksić Jelena , Vuković-Gačić Branka
Published: June 2024

In response to the global rise in antibiotic resistance and the prevalence of bacterial biofilm-related infections, the antibacterial efficacy of methanolic, ethanolic, and aqueous extracts of 18 Lamiaceae plants from Serbia was evaluated. The total coumarins and triterpenes were detected spectrophotometrically, while a microdilution assay measured their effects on bacterial growth. Additionally, the impact of these extracts was assessed on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 adhesion and invasion in human fibroblasts and biofilm formation and degradation. The alcoholic extracts had the highest phytochemical content, with Teucrium montanum and Lavandula angustifolia being the richest in coumarins and triterpenes, respectively. Gram-positive bacteria, particularly Bacillus subtilis, were more susceptible to the extracts. Hyssopus officinalis ethanolic and Sideritis scardica methanolic extracts inhibited bacterial growth the most efficiently. Although the extracts did not inhibit bacterial adhesion, most ethanolic extracts significantly reduced bacterial invasion. Origanum vulgare and H. officinalis ethanolic extracts significantly inhibited biofilm formation, while Teucrium chamaedrys extract was the most active in biofilm degradation. This study significantly contributes to the literature by examining the antibacterial activity of Lamiaceae extracts, addressing major literature gaps, and underscoring their antibacterial potential, particularly Satureja montana and O. vulgare ethanolic extracts, linking their efficacy to coumarins and triterpenes.
Asymmetric Introgression and Cryptic Natural Hybridization between Two Species of Teucrium Section Polium (Lamiaceae) on the Balkan Peninsula
Authors: Lakušić Dmitar , Zbiljić Miloš , Šatović Zlatko , Kuzmanović Nevena , Liber Zlatko
Published: June 2024

In this work, we analyzed the morphology and genetic structure of Teucrium montanum, T. capitatum and their hybrid T. × rohlenae from three syntopic populations. A morphometric study showed that the parents and their hybrids exhibited continuous morphological variation, with the hybrid positioned exactly between the parents. Genetic analysis revealed that plants morphologically identified as T. × rohlenae are fertile hybrids that produce hybrid swarms dominated by later-generation hybrids. This suggests that introgression, rather than speciation, is the more likely outcome of hybridization between these plant species. The extent and direction of gene flow between the two species differed markedly between the three syntopic localities. At the Trilj locality, it was clearly unidirectional, with T. capitatum playing the dominant role. At the Sićevo locality, gene flow was slightly asymmetric, favoring the genetic background of T. capitatum, while at the Sliven site, it was completely asymmetric in the opposite direction. The extreme case of unidirectional gene flow was observed at the Trilj locality where plants morphologically identified as T. montanum could not be genetically distinguished from T. capitatum. This suggests that interspecific hybridization occurred long ago, leading to introgression and cryptic hybrids, blurring of species boundaries and generating evolutionary noise.
Study on Optimization of Stimulation Technology of Heterogeneous Porous Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Zhao Kangjia , Xu Hualei , Wang Jie , Jiang Houshun , Zhang Liangjun
Published: June 2024

Mishrif (M) reservoir of Faihaa (F) oilfield in Iraq is a heterogeneous porous carbonate reservoir. The reservoir properties of each reservoir unit differ greatly, and the distribution of porosity and permeability is non-uniform. Some reservoir units have the problem that the expected production cannot be achieved or the production decline rate is too fast after matrix acidification. This work optimized and compared the process of acid fracturing and hydraulic fracturing techniques. The Mishrif B (MB) and Mishrif C (MC) layers are selected as the target units for fracturing and the perforation intervals are optimized. The acid fracturing process adopted the acid fracturing technology of guar gum pad fluid and gelled acid multi-stage injection. According to the wellhead pressure limit and fracture propagation geometry, the pumping rate is optimized. The recommended maximum pumping rate of acid fracturing is 5.0 m3/min, and the optimized acid volume is 256.4 m3. The pressure changes during hydraulic fracturing and acid fracturing are different. It is recommended that the maximum hydraulic fracturing pump rate is 4.5 m3/min for MB and MC layers, and the amount of proppant in MB and MC layers is 37.5 m3 and 43.7 m3, respectively. The production prediction of two optimized processes is carried out. The results showed that the effect of acid fracturing in MB and MC layers is better than hydraulic fracturing, and it is recommended to adopt acid fracturing technology to stimulate MB and MC layers. Acid fracturing operation is carried out in the X-13 well, and better application results are achieved. The results of this study provide optimized reference ideas for reservoir stimulation in heterogeneous porous reservoirs.
Green Adsorbents for Environmental Remediation: Synthesis Methods, Ecotoxicity, and Reusability Prospects
Authors: Liu Yanju , Biswas Bhabananda , Hassan Masud , Naidu Ravi
Published: June 2024

Adsorbent materials have long been used for remediating environmental contaminants. There is an increasing focus on developing sustainable adsorbent materials for long-term use in environmentally friendly and cost-effective remediation. “Green” or “eco-friendly” sorbent materials are generally prepared from renewable or recycled resources, have minimal toxic effects, involve synthesis processes with minor chemical or energy footprints, have high reusability, and do not contribute to additional waste or contamination. Thus, it is essential for materials to have high sorption capacity, high stability, and reusability. The literature focuses on using low-cost or waste materials to produce sorbent materials for the immobilization of contaminants from soil and water systems. The regeneration possibilities of adsorbents are used to evaluate their cost effectiveness and long-term environmental impact once they are applied at field-scale. This review evaluates sustainable sorbent materials, highlighting their green and eco-friendly qualities for a circular economy, and their contribution to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG). The synthesis techniques, ecotoxicity, and prospect of reusing adsorbents are highlighted. Further, the review provides insights for researchers and practitioners interested in developing and applying green adsorbents, including bio-based carbon, char, and fibrous materials for soil and water remediation.
Probabilistic Fuzzy System for Evaluation and Classification in Failure Mode and Effect Analysis
Authors: Cardiel-Ortega José Jovani , Baeza-Serrato Roberto
Published: June 2024

Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is an essential risk analysis tool that is widely applicable in various industrial sectors. This structured technique allows us to identify and assign priority levels to potential failures that violate the reliability of a system or process. Failure evaluation occurs in a decision-making environment with uncertainty. This study proposes a probabilistic fuzzy system that integrates linguistic and stochastic uncertainty based on a Mamdani-type model to strengthen the FMEA technique. The system is based on analyzing the frequency of failures and obtaining the parameters to determine the probability of occurrence through the Poisson distribution. In addition, the severity and detection criteria were evaluated by the experts and modeled using the Binomial distribution. The evaluation result is a discrete value analogous to the process of obtaining the success or failure of the expert generating the evaluation of 10 Bernoulli experiments. Three fuzzy inference expert systems were developed to combine multiple experts’ opinions and reduce linguistic subjectivity. The case study was implemented in the knitting area of a textile company in the south of Guanajuato to validate the proposed approach. The potential failure of the knitting machinery, which compromises the top tension subsystem’s performance and the product’s quality, was analyzed. The proposed system, which is based on a robust mathematical model, allows for reliable fault evaluation with a simple scale. The classification performed by the system and the one performed by the experts has similar behavior. The results show that the proposed approach supports decision-making by prioritizing failure modes.
Drying Kinetics of Industrial Pineapple Waste: Effective Diffusivity and Thermodynamic Properties Resulting from New Mathematical Models Derived from the Fick Equation
Authors: Cavalcanti-Mata Mário Eduardo , Duarte Maria Elita , Tolentino Manoel , Mendes Francisco Assis , Batista Leonardo , de Lima Janaína Maria , Lúcio Alexandre , Nascimento Amanda Priscila , Almeida Rafaela D. , Lisboa Hugo M.
Published: June 2024

This research focuses on the drying kinetics of industrial pineapple processing waste on a flat plate, revealing a two-phase drying process: an initial phase with a constant drying rate followed by a phase with a decreasing drying rate. During the constant rate phase, the convective mass transfer coefficient, influenced by temperature variations from 40 to 70 °C, ranged from 5.69 × 10−7 to 2.79 × 10−7 m s−1. The study introduced a novel approach to modeling the decreasing drying rate phase, applying equations derived from the Fick equation. This process involved determining the activation energy and thermodynamic properties of drying using an experimental forced convection dryer at temperatures of 40, 50, 60, and 70 °C, and an air velocity of 1.5 m/s. Data were fitted to several mathematical models, including Fick’s with four series terms, and versions of the Henderson–Pabis and Page models modified by Cavalcanti-Mata, among others. The Cavalcanti-Mata and modified Page models provided the most accurate fit to the experimental data. Results showed that diffusion coefficients vary per model yet align with literature values. Additionally, enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) values decreased with temperature, while Gibbs free energy (ΔG) increased, indicating that drying is an energy-dependent, non-spontaneous process.
Breaking down the Digital Fortress: The Unseen Challenges in Healthcare Technology—Lessons Learned from 10 Years of Research
Authors: Keogh Alison , Argent Rob , Doherty Cailbhe , Duignan Ciara , Fennelly Orna , Purcell Ciaran , Johnston William , Caulfield Brian
Published: June 2024

Healthcare is undergoing a fundamental shift in which digital health tools are becoming ubiquitous, with the promise of improved outcomes, reduced costs, and greater efficiency. Healthcare professionals, patients, and the wider public are faced with a paradox of choice regarding technologies across multiple domains. Research is continuing to look for methods and tools to further revolutionise all aspects of health from prediction, diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. However, despite its promise, the reality of implementing digital health tools in practice, and the scalability of innovations, remains stunted. Digital health is approaching a crossroads where we need to shift our focus away from simply looking at developing new innovations to seriously considering how we overcome the barriers that currently limit its impact. This paper summarises over 10 years of digital health experiences from a group of researchers with backgrounds in physical therapy—in order to highlight and discuss some of these key lessons—in the areas of validity, patient and public involvement, privacy, reimbursement, and interoperability. Practical learnings from this collective experience across patient cohorts are leveraged to propose a list of recommendations to enable researchers to bridge the gap between the development and implementation of digital health tools.
Spatiotemporal Evolution and Driving Factors of Ecosystem Supply and Demand Bundles: A Case Study in the Sichuan-Yunnan Ecological Buffer Area, China
Authors: Yang Bin , Xue Dongqian , Miao Peipei
Published: June 2024

Identifying the spatial characteristics of ecosystem service (ES) supply and demand is crucial for effective ecosystem management and restoration. Past related studies have primarily focused on balancing ES supply and demand and supply clustering, with less attention focused on the drivers of demand clustering and their spatial evolution. This study explored the spatiotemporal supply–demand dynamics in four crucial ecosystem services (ESs) in the Sichuan-Yunnan ecological buffer area region between 2005 and 2019, namely water yield, net primary production, soil conservation, and habitat quality. Self-organizing maps and geographical detectors were used to classify supply–demand ES bundles as their main drivers, respectively. The main results of the study included: (1) A decline in habitat quality, whereas net primary productivity, water yield, and soil conservation increased. However, there were increasing demands for habitat quality, water yield, and net primary productivity, despite the decrease in demand for soil conservation. (2) Demand for habitat quality was met by supply, whereas there were deficits in soil conservation, water yield, and net primary productivity, which contributed to the demand in the east exceeding that elsewhere. (3) The proportion of ES bundle 2 increased, whereas those of the remaining ES bundles declined. Similarly, the areas of ES demand bundles (ESDBs) 1 and 4 decreased, whereas those of 2 and 3 increased. While the spatial extent of the ESBs remained relatively stable, those of the ESDBs in the northern regions increased. Key factors influencing the spatial distribution of ES supply include human activities, population density, and precipitation, whereas land use, population density, and the human activity index primarily affect demand distribution. The results of this study can act as a reference for comprehensive regional ecosystem management.
Building Data Triangulation Capacity for Routine Immunization and Vaccine Preventable Disease Surveillance Programs to Identify Immunization Coverage Inequities
Authors: Rachlin Audrey , Adegoke Oluwasegun Joel , Bohara Rajendra , Rwagasore Edson , Sibomana Hassan , Kabeja Adeline , Itanga Ines , Rwunganira Samuel , Mafende Mario Blaise , Rosette Nahimana Marie , Usman Obansa Ramatu , Abah Angela Ukpojo , Adeoye Olorunsogo Bidemi , Sikare Ester , Lam Eugene , Murrill Christopher S. , Montesanti Porter Angela
Published: June 2024

The Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) and Vaccine Preventable Disease (VPD) Surveillance (VPDS) programs generate multiple data sources (e.g., routine administrative data, VPD case data, and coverage surveys). However, there are challenges with the use of these siloed data for programmatic decision-making, including poor data accessibility and lack of timely analysis, contributing to missed vaccinations, immunity gaps, and, consequently, VPD outbreaks in populations with limited access to immunization and basic healthcare services. Data triangulation, or the integration of multiple data sources, can be used to improve the availability of key indicators for identifying immunization coverage gaps, under-immunized (UI) and un-immunized (zero-dose (ZD)) children, and for assessing program performance at all levels of the healthcare system. Here, we describe the data triangulation processes, prioritization of indicators, and capacity building efforts in Bangladesh, Nigeria, and Rwanda. We also describe the analyses used to generate meaningful data, key indicators used to identify immunization coverage inequities and performance gaps, and key lessons learned. Triangulation processes and lessons learned may be leveraged by other countries, potentially leading to programmatic changes that promote improved access and utilization of vaccination services through the identification of UI and ZD children.
Healthcare and Epidemiological Surveillance Costs of Hepatitis A Outbreaks in Spain in Regions with and without Universal Hepatitis A Vaccination of Children during 2010-2018
Authors: Plans-Rubió Pedro , Pericas Carles , Avellon Ana Maria , Izquierdo Concepción , Martínez Ana , Torner Núria , Martínez Alejandro , Borrás Eva , Roig Francisco , Godoy Pere , Rius Cristina
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare hepatitis A outbreak-associated healthcare and epidemiological surveillance costs in Spain in two types of autonomous regions during 2010–2018: (1) regions with a prevention strategy based on universal hepatitis A vaccination of children and vaccination of high-risk population groups (Catalonia) and (2) regions with a prevention strategy based on vaccinating high-risk population groups (Castile and Leon, Murcia, Navarra, Community of Madrid, Community of Valencia). Healthcare costs were determined based on the resources used to treat hepatitis A outbreak-associated cases and hospitalizations. Epidemiological surveillance costs were calculated from the resources used during surveillance activities. The ratios for total, healthcare and epidemiological surveillance costs (regions without universal hepatitis A vaccination of children vs. Catalonia) were used to compare the two hepatitis A prevention strategies. From 2010 to 2018, the total, healthcare and epidemiological surveillance costs per million population were 1.75 times (EUR 101,671 vs. EUR 58,032), 1.96 times (EUR 75,500 vs. EUR 38,516) and 1.34 times greater (EUR 26,171 vs. EUR 19,515) in regions without universal hepatitis A vaccination of children than in Catalonia, respectively. The ratios tended to increase over time during 2010–2018. In 2015–2018, total, healthcare and epidemiological surveillance costs per million population were 2.68 times (EUR 69,993 vs. EUR 26,158), 2.86 times (EUR 53,807 vs. EUR 18,825) and 2.21 times greater (EUR 16,186 vs. EUR 7333) in regions without universal hepatitis A vaccination of children than in Catalonia, respectively. These findings suggest that universal hepatitis A vaccination of children could reduce hepatitis A outbreak-associated costs.
Effectiveness and Safety of the MVA–BN Vaccine against Mpox in At-Risk Individuals in the United States (USMVAc)
Authors: Back Soowoo , Knox Bethany , Coakley Ciara , Deltour Nicolas , Jacquot Emmanuelle , Raad Hanaya , Garry Elizabeth M.
Published: June 2024

The mpox 2022 outbreak was declared a public health emergency in July 2022. In August 2022, the MVA–BN vaccine received emergency use authorization in the United States (US) to target at-risk groups. This study (EUPAS104386) used HealthVerity’s administrative US healthcare data to generate real-world evidence for MVA–BN vaccine effectiveness and safety to prevent mpox disease in men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women, the most affected population during the 2022 mpox outbreak. Fully vaccinated subjects (two doses ≥ 28 days apart) were initially matched with five unvaccinated subjects on calendar date, age, US region, and insurance type. Subjects were followed from index date (14 days after the second dose) until death or data end to ascertain mpox occurrence. After propensity score adjustment, the MVA–BN vaccine effectiveness against mpox disease was 89% (95% CI: 12%, 99%) among those fully vaccinated; attenuated to 64% (95% CI: 40%, 78%) among those with any dose and 70% (95% CI: 44%, 84%) for those with only a single dose. One pericarditis adverse event of special interest was observed when the risk window was extended to 28 days. These results contribute to the totality of evidence supporting the favorable benefit/risk profile of the MVA–BN vaccine.
Synthetic Peptides Elicit Humoral Response against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Swine
Authors: Perez-Duran Francisco , Calderon-Rico Fernando , Franco-Correa Luis Enrique , Zamora-Aviles Alicia Gabriela , Ortega-Flores Roberto , Durand-Herrera Daniel , Bravo-Patiño Alejandro , Cortes-Vieyra Ricarda , Hernandez-Morales Ilane , Nuñez-Anita Rosa Elvira
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to analyze the immunogenic response elicited in swine by two synthetic peptides derived from GP5 to understand the role of lineal B epitopes in the humoral and B-cell-mediated response against the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). For inoculation, twenty-one-day-old pigs were allocated into six groups: control, vehicle, vaccinated (Ingelvac-PRRSV, MLV®), non-vaccinated and naturally infected, GP5-B and GP5-B3. At 2 days post-immunization (dpi), the GP5-B3 peptide increased the serum concentrations of cytokines associated with activate adaptive cellular immunity, IL-1β (1.15 ± 1.15 to 10.17 ± 0.94 pg/mL) and IL-12 (323.8 ± 23.3 to 778.5 ± 58.11 pg/mL), compared to the control group. The concentration of IgGs anti-GP5-B increased in both cases at 21 and 42 dpi compared to that at 0 days (128.3 ± 8.34 ng/mL to 231.9 ± 17.82 and 331 ± 14.86 ng/mL), while IgGs anti-GP5-B3 increased at 21 dpi (105.1 ± 19.06 to 178 ± 15.09 ng/mL) and remained at the same level until 42 dpi. Also, antibody-forming/Plasma B cells (CD2+/CD21−) increased in both cases (9.85 ± 0.7% to 13.67 ± 0.44 for GP5-B and 15.72 ± 1.27% for GP5-B3). Furthermore, primed B cells (CD2−/CD21+) from immunized pigs showed an increase in both cases (9.62 ± 1.5% to 24.51 ± 1.3 for GP5-B and 34 ± 2.39% for GP5-B3) at 42 dpi. Conversely the naïve B cells from immunized pigs decreased compared with the control group (8.84 ± 0.63% to 6.25 ± 0.66 for GP5-B and 5.78 ± 0.48% for GP5-B3). Importantly, both GP5-B and GP5-B3 peptides exhibited immunoreactivity against serum antibodies from the vaccinated group, as well as the non-vaccinated and naturally infected group. In conclusion, GP5-B and GP5-B3 peptides elicited immunogenicity mediated by antigen-specific IgGs and B cell activation.
Analysis of social and environmental agricultural transformations in Russia
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University — Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia, Maslakova V. V. , Tokarev V. S. ,   Russian State Agrarian University — Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
Published: June 2024

The issues of achieving social and environmental sustainability are of high importance for the Russian agricultural economy. These issues are priority guidelines for the further development of the country’s economy as a whole, especially under an aggressive sanctions policy of the US and European countries. Maintaining environmental and social sustainability should be accompanied by ensuring economic growth and increasing the efficiency of reproductive processes in agriculture. The article studied and described the transformational processes in the Russian agricultural economy during the «sanctions» period from 2013 to 2022. Both the description of social and environmental changes in agriculture and the analysis of reproductive processes represent the novelty of the article. Thus, a comprehensive description of transformational changes in agriculture during the sanctions period is given. The study results are significant for the implementation of verified and differentiated agrarian policy on groups of regions. The extended analysis of homogeneous regions groups in Russia with a low, medium and high level of socio-ecological agricultural transformation was carried out using multidimensional methods of statistical analysis.
Factor analysis of cash flows: methodological aspect and justification of management decisions
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Vyatka State University», Kirov, Russia, Adamaitis L. A. , Adamaitis I. M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation», Moscow, Russia, Khoruzhy V. I. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation», Moscow, Russia
Published: June 2024

Any company in the course of its activities deals with various cash flows, which need to be assessed, balanced and controlled. The basis for making managerial decisions is cash flow analysis, including factor analysis, which allows to identify cause-effect relationships and quantify the impact of factors on the cash flow. The paper presents the author’s approach and specifies the methodology of factor analysis of cash flows on the basis of direct and indirect method. Based on the results of the analysis, management decisions are recommended.
Features of the use of human capital in rural areas in the service sector
Authors:   Stavropol State Agrarian University, Stavropol, Russia, Gerasimov A. N. , Skripnichenko Yu. S. ,   Stavropol State Agrarian University, Stavropol, Russia, Skripnichenko V. Yu. ,   Stavropol State Agrarian University, Stavropol, Russia
Published: June 2024

The development of small businesses in the field of trade is one of the key factors in sustainable economic development, including in rural areas. In turn, trade is one of the areas of use of human capital. The level of intensity of retail trade is characterized by revenue from the sale of goods to the population for final consumption, which also shows the use of human capital in rural areas in this area. This study characterizes the features of the use of human capital in the service sector and provides a comparative assessment of the efficiency of retail trade in non-food products in the Russian Federation and in the Stavropol Territory for 2017-2021. As a result, factors were identified that limit the activities of retail trade organizations in the Russian Federation as a whole and in the Stavropol Territory as an agrarian-oriented region.
Features of State Support for the Agricultural Sector in Russia and Other Countries in the Context of Structural Changes in the Economy
Authors:   Federal Research Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas — All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Moscow, Kamenetskaya O. V.
Published: June 2024

The implementation of structural changes in the economy is conditioned by modern conditions characterized by numerous challenges of a geopolitical, socio-economic and climatic nature, endangering the national security of States. This is manifested in changes in the distribution of factors of production, in the production of gross value added by sectors, the search for new markets for products, which causes the transformation of conditions that determine economic dynamics, that is, an increase in the importance of some sectors and a decrease in the importance of other sectors. Thus, in Russia in 2023 there was a large-scale structural shift, with the manufacturing industry becoming the main driver of the economy. There is a potential for economic growth in the country based on structural changes caused by a change in the technological level of production and the transformation of foreign economic relations, which is true for all sectors of the economy, including the agricultural sector. Currently, this sector is particularly faced with issues of ensuring food security, maintaining agricultural producers’ incomes, technological sovereignty, introducing resource-saving technologies, establishing new transport and logistics routes, diversifying production in accordance with changing demand, increasing the competitiveness of agri-food products on the world market, and exporting products with high added value. In the current circumstances, government regulation is especially necessary aimed at improving the institutional conditions for the development of the agricultural sector of the economy and the agri-food market, creating an effective management apparatus at the governmental and regional levels for the successful implementation of strategic directions for the development of the sector, including increasing costs for basic science and long-term technological developments and the development of industrial cooperation both within the country and with foreign partners.
الإمام القارئ المفسر أبو بكر النقاش بين الجرح والتعديل
Authors: محمد فلاح مندكار
Published: June 2024

اختلف الناس في الإمام أبي بكر النقاش بوضعه على ميزان الجرح والتعديل في الرواية، فمنهم من ضعفه، بل زاد الأمر وثقل عليه بوصف النكارة والكذب والوضع، وكان ممن تولى كُبَرُ ذلك من الأعلام: الخطيب البغدادي، وابن عساكر، ومحمد بن جعفر الشاهد، هذا من جهة، ومن أخرى: ما أورده الإمام الذهبيّ بجعله الأمر مشكلاً ومضطرباً فيه بين الضعف والتوثيق.
وفي باب القراءات وجدت أن الإمامينِ الجهبذين الداني وابن الجزري اعتمداه، وجعلاه متكأً يُتّكأ عليه في هذا الفن، لا سيما وأنه أحد الطرق في النشر والتيسير والشاطبية، فالمسألة لا تتعلق باختياراته التي رجحها واختارها الداني في التيسير، ولا في طريقة ضبط القراءة وأدائها، بل في قرآنية هذه القراءة أصلاً، كون ناقلها متهماً، فكيف يعتمد جمهور القرّاء والمقرئين على رواية مَنْ تلك صفته؟.
وهناك من اتهم تفسير النقاش بوجود طامات بداخله، وفي المقابل رأيت بعضاً من عظماء المفسرين كابن عطيّة والماورديّ وابن الجوزيّ والقرطبيّ أشاروا إليه في تفاسيرهم، بل ونقلوا منه، واعتمدوا عليه في مواطن عديدة، وأماكن متفرقة.
من ذلك كله رأيت جدّة هذا البحث وأهميته حين يتم إلقاء الضوء وتسليطه على أبي بكر النقاش، وبيان القول الفصل والحق فيه، بإبراز علاقته وجهوده في علميّ التفسير والقراءات، إماماً ثقة جهبذاً ومرجعاً.

الكلمات المفتاحية: النقاش، تفسير، قراءات، أقوال، علاقة، توثيق، تجريح، إمام، أئمة.
الوسائل العامة والخاصة لحفظ السنة النبوية
Authors: سعد فجحان الدوسري
Published: June 2024

تتعلق هذه الدراسة بالوسائل التي سلكها المحدثون في حفظ الحديث وضبطه، ومدى تأثير هذه الوسائل على إتقان الرواة لحديثهم، فقد بذلوا جهوداً عظيمة في ذلك، وقد قسَّمت الدراسة إلى مقدمة وتمهيد ومبحثين، كان الأول منهما في وسائل الحفظ العامة كالرحلة في طلب الحديث، وطلب الإسناد العالي، وطلب التثبت بامتحان الشيوخ، وكراهة السماع من الضعفاء، وطلب إعادة المحدث للحديث حال الرواية، وتقييد الأسماء بالشكل والإعجام، والمقابلة بالكتاب، وأما المبحث الثاني فكان في وسائل الحفظ الخاصة الحديث في القلب، ومنها العناية بحفظ الكتاب من النقص والزيادة والتغيير، والاقتصاد في المحفوظ عند حفظه، وكثرة تكراره، والحرص على نشر الحديث بعقد مجالس الإقراء، وتعاهد المحفوظ، ورفع الصوت عند حفظ المحفوظ، وكذلك اختيار الوقت المناسب له، والمذاكرة الحديثية، ثم ختمت البحث بخاتمة وهي ضرورة صيانة السنة بكل الوسائل، ومنها أنَّ وسيلة تكرار المحفوظ ومراجعته تعد من أهم وسائل الضبط والإتقان عند المحدثين، وأن تقليل المحفوظ عند الحفظ يساعد كثيراً على ضبط المحفوظ وإتقانه، وأن الأطعمة والأشربة والأدوية التي تساعد على الحفظ إنما هي من قبيل الكلام على التغذية المفيدة في تقوية الذاكرة، ومنها بطلان قول المستشرقين في اختلال الحفظ والضبط عند المحدثين .
Aristoteles’ten İslam Mantığına Önermelerin Yapısı Üzerine Bir Karşılaştırma
Authors: Şahin Enver
Published: June 2024

Bu makalede, dilde/lafızda var olan yüklemli ve şartlı önerme ayrımının düşünce ve varlıkta da mevcut olup olmadığının üzerinde durulacak, buna ilaveten İslam mantık tarihi içerisinde ele alınan şartlı önermelerin mahiyetine dair bir bakış açısı sunulmaya çalışılacaktır. Aristoteles (Ö. 322) tarafından sözün neliği üzerine yazılan Peri Hermenias adlı kitapta sadece yüklemli (kategorik) önermelerin mahiyetinden bahsedilmektedir. Buna mukabil İbn Sînâ, (ö.1037) şartlı önermelerin hükümlerine değinerek onların yüklemli önermelerden farklı olan taraflarına işaret etmektedir. Aristoteles takipçisi İbn Rüşd (ö. 1198) ise şartlı önermelerin Aristoteles’in önermenin tek türü olarak kabul ettiği kategorik önermelerden farklı olmadığını iddia etmiş, bazı şartlı önermelerin yüklemli önermelere indirgenebilir olduğunu savunmuştur. Bu makalede, 11. yüzyıldan başlayıp 14. yüzyıla kadar devam eden tartışmalarda ileri sürülen deliller ele alınacak, tercihi gerektiren delillerin kuvvet dereceleri (ķuwwa al-tašīr) üzerinde durulacaktır.
Pengaruh Berbagai Jenis Pupuk Kandang Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Bunga Kol (Brassica olerancea var. botrytis L.) Varietas PM 126 F1
Authors: Purnama Vera , Lusiana Lusiana , Racman Fajar
Published: June 2024

The research aims to determine the best types of manure for the growth and yield of flower plants (Brassica olerencea var. botrytis L.) PM 126 F1 variety. The research was carried out in Palabuan Hamlet, Sukamelang Village, Subang District, Subang Regency with an altitude of 50 meters above sea level, the research started from June to August 2023. The research was carried out using a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 8 treatments of various types of manure (Manure). chicken 15 tons/ha, chicken manure 25 tons/ha, cow drum fertilizer 15 tons/ha, cow manure 25 tons/ha, goat manure 15 tons/ha, goat drum fertilizer 25 tons/ha, bat guano manure 15 tons/ha, fertilizer bat guano cages 25 tons/ha) repeated 3 times with a total of 24 plots. The research results showed that various types of manure had an effect on the observation parameters of plant height at 21 HST and 28 HST, leaf area, plant dry weight, flower weight, and flower diameter. Cow manure at a dose of 25 tons/ha produced the best cauliflower weight, namely 207.73 grams.Â Â
PENGARUH BEBERAPA KONSENTRASI PUPUK HAYATI MAJEMUK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL CABAI MERAH BESAR (Capsicum annuum L.) VARIETAS CIKO
Authors: Abdullah Rohana , Supriatna Nana , Mulya Agus Surya
Published: June 2024

Pemupukan anorganik dalam budidaya pertanian sangat intensif sehingga kesehatan tanah menurun. Penggunaan pupuk hayati menjadi salah satu usaha untuk memulihkan tanah kembali. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh beberapa dosis pupuk hayati terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman Cabai merah besar (Capsicum Annum L.) Varietas Ciko. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2023 sampai bulan September 2023 di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Winaya Mukti, Tanjung Sari, Sumedang. Dengan ketinggian tempat sekitar 850 meter di atas permukaan laut (mdpl). Â Â Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola sederhana, kombinasi konsentrasi Pupuk Hayati, dengan 6 taraf percobaan (A = Konsentrasi 0 ml/liter air B = Konsentrasi 5 ml/ liter air, C = dosis 10 ml/liter air, D = dosis 15 ml/liter air, E = dosis 20 ml/liter air, F = dosis 25 ml/liter air) dan diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dosis Pupuk Hayati berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman 2, 4, 6, MST;Â Â  jumlah daun 2, 4 , 6, 8 MST; dan bobot per buah padaÂ  E dan F.Â  Hasil terbaik ditunjukan padaÂ  dosis Pupuk Hayati 20 ml/liter airÂ Â  terhadapÂ  tinggi tanaman umur 2, 4, 6 MST, jumlah daun umur 2, 4 ,6 , 8 MST dan bobot per buah
Morosidad bancaria de Ecuador medido a través del crecimiento económico con modelo de vector autorregresivo
Authors: Unuzungo Villa Jhonatan Guillermo , Álvarez Paccha Luis Miguel , Salgado Suquilanda Marcela Ivanoba
Published: June 2024

La morosidad es el riesgo de crédito al que los gerentes de las instituciones financieras buscan evitar. La repercusión no solo se siente en la liquidez o calidad de la cartera, sino también en la rentabilidad, dado que reduce los rendimientos generados. Bajo estas premisas, la finalidad de la presente investigación fue evaluar la morosidad de los bancos privados del Ecuador a través de un modelo de vector autorregresivo con rezagos de la propia variable y del crecimiento económico. La investigación fue no experimental, de tipo exploratorio y correlacional, apoyado de estadística descriptiva, análisis correlacional y el modelo autorregresivo. La data se recolectó de la Asociación de Bancos del Ecuador al 2023, cuya periodicidad fue trimestral, por lo que se estructuró un total de 72 observaciones por variable, del periodo 2005-2022. Los principales hallazgos demostraron que la morosidad tuvo un promedio de 3,42 % mientras que el PIB osciló en 21.34 millones de dólares. Asimismo, se estimó que la morosidad bancaria y el PIB tienen correlación media. Finalmente, se concluyó que la morosidad y la primera diferencia del PIB con relación directa e inversa respectivamente, permiten explicar la morosidad bancaria en 93,67 %, con significancia estadística de 5 %.
Depoliticisation of religious interest? The league of communists of Slovenia and the ambiguities of its religious policy during the final decades of Yugoslavia
Authors:   Science and Research Centre Koper, Slovenia, Ramšak Jure
Published: June 2024

The fact that progressive theologians and Marxist-humanist sociologists of religion had publicly displayed a significant level of mutual understanding and reached notably similar conclusions regarding Church-state relations by the early 1990s cannot obfuscate the controversies within the sphere of societal life in Yugoslavia that remained least affected by the principles of socialist self-management democracy. On the surface, the relationship between the Catholic Church and the state authorities in Slovenia, the northernmost and predominantly Catholic republic of Yugoslavia, appeared fairly peaceful and cooperative throughout the late socialist period. Furthermore, as this paper illustrates, Slovenian religious policy was proposed as a sophisticated model for the inclusive life of believers in a modern socialist society and presented to Vatican diplomats, international experts, and foreign journalists. Nonetheless, during that period, the more independent intellectuals, Catholic and Marxist alike, who warned that the Slovenian Catholic Church was departing from the course of the Second Vatican Council and that the Communist Party should abandon its orthodox Marxist-Leninist understanding of religion to foster genuine dialogue, were marginalised. Instead, there were lengthy debates focusing on whether certain social activities of the Catholic Church encroached on the domain designated for initiatives of the League of Communists and the Socialist Alliance of Working People. With a mounting crisis and increasing public pressure, some public religious manifestations were allowed in the second half of the 1980s, but the fundamental problems remained unaddressed. Although the liberalization of public discourse in Yugoslavia’s final years brought to the fore issues such as freedom of religion and freedom from religion ‒ both of which were integral to the contested programme of the ruling Communist Party and the type of socialist secular society the Slovenian reformed Communists sought to establish ‒, there was not enough time to rework the entrenched religious policy that had alienated many religious citizens.