bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transitional rock glaciers at sea-level in Northern Norway
Authors: Lilleøren Karianne Staalesen , Etzelmüller Bernd , Rouyet Line , Eiken Trond , Hilbich Christin
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Rock glaciers are geomorphological expressions of permafrost. Close to sea level in northernmost Norway, in the sub-Arctic Nordkinn peninsula, we have observed several rock glaciers that appear to be active now or were active in the recent past. Active rock glaciers at this elevation have never before been described in Fennoscandia, and they should be outside of the climatic limits of present-day permafrost according to models. In this study, we have investigated whether or not these rock glaciers are active under the current climate situation. We made detailed geomorphological maps of three rock glacier areas in Nordkinn (Ivarsfjorden, Store Skogfjorden, and Lille Skogfjorden), and investigated the regional ground dynamics using Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR). One of the rock glaciers, namely the Ivarsfjorden rock glacier, was investigated in more detail by combining observations of vertical and horizontal changes from optical images acquired by airborne and terrestrial sensors and terrestrial laser scans (TLS). The subsurface of the same rock glacier was investigated using a combination of Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Refraction Seismic Tomography (RST). We also measured ground surface temperatures between 2016 and 2020. We mapped the rock glaciers in the innermost parts of Store and Lille Skogfjorden as relict, while the more active ones are in the mouths of both fjords, fed by active talus in the upslopes. Several of the rock glaciers cross over both the Younger Dryas shoreline (25 m a.s.l.), and the Tapes shoreline at 13 m a.s.l. Both InSAR and optical remote sensing observations reveal low yearly movement rates (mm-cm yr−1). The ERT and RST suggest that there are no longer permafrost and ground ice in the rock glacier, while temperature observations in the front slope indicate freezing conditions also in summer. Based on the in-situ temperature measurements and the interpolated regional temperature data, we show that the MAAT of the region has raised by 2 °C since the late 19th century to about 1.5 °C in the last decade. MAATs below 0 °C 100–150 years ago suggest that the rock glaciers may have been active at the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA). These combined results indicate that the Nordkinn rock glaciers are transitioning from active to relict stages. The study shows that transitional rock glaciers are still affected by creep, rock falls, snow avalanches, etc., and are not entirely dynamically dead features. Our contrasting results concerning permafrost presence and rock glacier activity show the importance of a multi-methodical approach when investigating slope processes in the edge zones of permafrost influence.
Further improvement and evaluation of nudging in the E3SM Atmosphere Model version 1 (EAMv1)
Authors: Zhang Shixuan , Zhang Kai , Wan Hui , Sun Jian
Published: February 2022

Abstract. A previous study on the use of nudging in EAMv1 had an unresolved issue, namely a simulation nudged to EAMv1’s own meteorology showed non-negligible deviations from the free-running baseline simulation over some of the subtropical marine stratocumulus and trade cumulus regions. Here, we demonstrate the deviations can be substantially reduced by two changes in the nudging implementation: first, revising the sequence of calculations in a nudged EAM simulation to improve consistency with the free-running baseline; second, increasing the frequency of constraining data from 6-hourly to 3-hourly to better capture strong sub-diurnal variations. The resulting improvements in climate representativeness motivate an investigation on the potential benefits of using newer reanalysis products with higher data frequency in nudged simulations that aim at capturing observed weather events. Simulations nudged towards 6-hourly ERA-Interim reanalysis or 6-hourly, 3-hourly, and hourly ERA5 reanalysis are evaluated against EAMv1’s own climatology, global-scale satellite retrievals of outgoing longwave radiation and precipitation, as well as in-situ measurements of air temperature, humidity, and winds from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility. Our overall recommendation is to use the revised sequence of calculation and 3-hourly data from ERA5 for the nudged simulations. The anthropogenic aerosol effects in various EAMv1 simulations are evaluated. For estimating the global mean effect, the source of constraining data has a relatively small impact. Consistent with conclusions from previous studies, in order to obtain  estimates of global mean aerosol effects that are consistent with results from the free-running baseline, nudging the horizontal winds but not air temperature is recommended.
Historical droughts manifest an abrupt shift to a wetter Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Yongwei , Liu Yuanbo , Wang Wen , Zhou Han , Tian Lide
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays a vital role in Asian and even global atmospheric circulation, through the interactions between land and atmosphere. It experienced significant climate warming and spatially and temporally variant wetting over the past half century. Because of the importance of land surface status to the interactions, determining the wetting/drying of the TP from individual changes in precipitation (Prep) or temperature is difficult. Soil moisture (SM) is the water synthesis of the surface status. The persistent deficit of SM (SM drought) is more sensitive to climate change than normal SM. This study first explored the climate wetting/drying of the TP from variations in historical SM droughts over 1961–2014, with a focus on spatiotemporal patterns, long-term variations, and climate causes of summer (May–September) SM droughts based on multiple observation and reanalysis data. The results showed comparatively frequent and severe droughts in the central and southern regions, particularly in the semi-arid and sub-humid zones. SM drought exhibited an abrupt and significant (p < 0.05) alleviation in the central TP in the mid-1990s. The prominent drought alleviation indicated a hydro-climate shift to a wetter plateau, not merely steady trends in the literature. We demonstrated that the wetting shift was dominated by Prep over potential evapotranspiration (PET). By contrast, the in-phase trends before and after the shift were predominantly driven by the PET. Furthermore, the Prep dominance was largely attributed to a phase transition of the Atlantic multi-decadal oscillation from cold to warm, accompanied by a weakening westerly since the mid-1990s. The PET control on in-phase trends was realized through multiple climate control of temperature, radiation, and vapor pressure deficit. Regionally, the wetting shift was distinct from semi-arid to sub-humid, and from sub-humid to humid climate. Such spatiotemporal changes may affect the TP’s atmospheric circulation and, subsequently, the Asian monsoon and global circulation, in addition to fragile ecosystems in the TP.
MANAGEMENT OF H-BIM MODEL IN HOLOGRAPHIC VISUALIZATION
Authors: Bolognesi C. M. , Balin S. , La Conca A.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. This document aims to validate the workflow from a digital survey of a residential building of the early 900 century of historical value ready for future renovation to the transformation into a BIM model for its holographic fruition augmented by an automatically extraction of data and information contained within. Via Lulli is a low-cost residential district organized in courtyard blocks subject of future energy saving interventions; the research topic concerns the validation of the workflow from the 3D digital survey to the holographic visualization augmented with automatic extraction of information using the innovative Euclideon Hologram Table©.The possibility of interrogating an informative 3D BIM model visualized in a 3D space in front of the operator and not simply through a desktop is a completely new field in research with many potentialities; in the specific case study the abundance of these heritage buildings in the city must be considered as a relevant data to organize their whole renovation. After the previous validation of transforming the 3D BIM model to hologram, analysing the file formats, technical performance and specifications, file dimensions manageable, the successive implementation has been focused on the automatism of extraction of the different useful information from the model. The possibility of interacting to query the model in holographic representation represents an extraordinary tool for managing BIM which opens new research; it has been reached through tests for interoperability among formats, necessity of transformation of the BIM model without losing information and accuracy, friendly fruition in the Euclideon Hologram Table©.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL (3D) MODELLING OF THE PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE OVER THE RIVER NERIS
Authors: Cechavicius R. , Visockiene J. S. , Tumeliene E.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. With the rapid development of new technologies, there is a growing necessity to optimize and to digitize as much as it is possible in all areas of work, including the designs of new facilities. Pre-formation of location’s 3D model (by scanning) allows us to evaluate how the newly constructed object will integrate into the territory. The object of research is the pedestrian bridge over the river of Neris in Vilnius city (Lithuania). The aim of the research is to create a 3D model of the embankments of river Neris which will be required for the integration of the future bridge model. Equipment used for scanning of the embankments: scanner Trimble X7, tablet T10 with new software Trimble Perspective and device Survey Mobile Point. Measurement results were processed using the program Trimble Real Works. Scanning points, geodetic data and other available data were integrated into the program. Scanning results (generated 3D models) and the project of river embankments were combined into a general model. The model was coordinated and data “garbage” was removed. Cloud-to-Cloud errors, point’s coincident percent and results confidence have been identified during the modelling – joint between the scanning stations. The Cloud-to-Cloud errors of the connection between two embankments ranged from 1 mm to 28 mm. Points coincident percent varies from 25 to 62 %. The largest errors and the smallest coincident percent occurs by combining two sides of the embankments together into one model. The smallest errors and the largest coincident percent were between the one-side scanning stations point clouds. In the general project of embankments and the bridge project, some discrepancies were identified due to possible project coordination or modelling errors.
A MULTI-SCALE BIM/GIS FRAMEWORK FOR RAILWAYS ASSET MANAGEMENT
Authors: Garramone M. , Tonelli E. , Scaioni M.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Climate change and urban transformations raise new challenges for decision-makers. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and The European Green Deal aim for a sustainable economy by reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. An essential task for reaching this result is to minimize transport emissions and their negative impacts on the environment and the human health. Rail is the future of sustainable transport system, and it can be part of the solution in achieving the decarbonisation target. In addition, even more people are using the train and the improvement of the service offered is an essential aspect to fulfil a greater demand for rail transport. More than five million people daily take the train in Italy, and this number is growing over time. It is demonstrated that more investment in rail infrastructure means a greater number of users, and this is even more true when considering the regional rail transport network. This ongoing research aims to test the potential of a Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) integrated system employed to manage this type of existing infrastructure. A methodology was developed and partly tested on a case study. The purpose is the construction of a system that can be used across different phases of the process: linking the data resulting from BIM and GIS makes possible the development of a federated virtual model used as a single source of truth for project development and asset management.
Comparison of in-situ snow depth measurements and impacts on validation of unpiloted aerial system lidar over a mixed-use temperate forest landscape
Authors: Proulx Holly , Jacobs Jennifer M. , Burakowski Elizabeth A. , Cho Eunsang , Hunsaker Adam G. , Sullivan Franklin B. , Palace Michael , Wagner Cameron
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The accuracy and consistency of snow depth measurements depend on the measuring device and the conditions of the site and snowpack in which it is being used. This study compares collocated snow depth measurements from a magnaprobe automatic snow depth probe and a Federal snow tube, then uses these measurements to validate snow depth maps from an unpiloted aerial system (UAS) with an integrated Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) sensor. We conducted three snow depth sampling campaigns from December 2020 to February 2021 that included 39 open field, coniferous, mixed, and deciduous forest sampling sites in Durham, New Hampshire, United States. Average snow depths were between 9 and 15 cm. For all sampling campaigns and land cover types, the magnaprobe snow depth measurements were consistently deeper than the snow tube. There was a 12 % average difference between the magnaprobe (14.9 cm) and snow tube (13.2 cm) average snow depths with a greater difference in the forest than the field. The lidar estimates of snow depth were 3.6 cm and 1.9 cm shallower on average than the magnaprobe and snow tube, respectively. While the magnaprobe had a better correlation with the UAS lidar, the root mean square errors were higher for the magnaprobe than the snow tube, likely due to overprobing by the magnaprobe into leaf litter. Even though the differences between the in-situ sampling methods resulted in modest performance differences when used to validate the UAS lidar snow depths in this study, measuring vegetation height, leaf litter, and soil frost with in-situ snow depths from multiple sampling techniques helped to account for the errors of in-situ snow depth for robust validation of the UAS snow depth maps.
Implementasi Bimbingan Konseling dalam Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Hibatullah Hilyas
Published: February 2022

Islam merupakan sumber utama dalam membentuk pribadi seorang muslim yang baik. engan berlandasankan al-Qur’an dan as-Sunnah, Islam mengarahkan dan membimbing manusia ke jalan yang diridhoi oleh Allah SWT dengan membentuk kepribadian yang berakhlakul karimah. Tujuan penelitian ini membahas implementasi bimbingan konseling dalam pendidikan Islam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan data pustaka, atau penelitian yang obyek penelitiannya digali melalui beragam informasi kepustakaan (buku ensiklopedi, jurnal ilmiah, koran, majalah, dan dokumen). Berdasarkan kajian, dengan pendekatan Islami pelaksanaan konseling akan mengarahkan klien kearah kebenaran dan  membimbing hati, akal dan nafsu manusia untuk menuju kepribadian akhlakul karimah yang telah terkristalisasi oleh nilai-nilai ajaran Islam.
Sutured Stories
Authors: Laruan Ramolen
Published: February 2022

Meanings, practices, and memories are re-inscribed in the diaspora, wherein new forms are re-imagined in the transnational exchange between the land of origin and new host country.

In these works, fragments of my homeland (Philippines) penetrate through ordinary materials and force a disruption in acts of noticing and, thus, in how we might understand the positions of unfamiliar details within the larger work.
Affective Orientations: Space, Temporality, and Virtuality in Queering the Map
Authors: Lin Rongyi
Published: February 2022

Launched in 2017, the website Queering the Map has since become what Ann Cvetkovich calls “an archive of feelings”. Using a Google Maps interface, the website invites its users to record their queer moments and experiences enclosed in black pins on the pink map. Navigating through this landscape of queer memories conjures up a powerful feeling of presence enabled by the anonymous bodies which inhabited a particular corner of the world in nondescript time. As such, Queering the Map assembles a “virtual” archive both in the sense that it is hosted on a digital network, and that it is a product of and at the same time produces queer time.

Using “virtuality” as a conceptual point of connection, this paper looks at the ways in which Queering the Map brings together discussions of spatial production, networked affect, and queer temporality. Specifically, I see virtuality not as a characteristic of a technological apparatus itself, but rather as a set of emergent possibilities that lie with the affective experiences of its users. While the term “virtual” is frequently associated with digital media (as in “virtual reality”), scholars including Oliver Grau and Anne Friedberg have pointed towards longer lineages of artistic practices that can be thought of as virtual. In a similar effort to expand the concept of the virtual, Thomas Elsaesser has suggested that virtuality be understood as the conditional and the contingent, a modality not exclusive to digital media. Along these lines of thinking, I am interested in how the “virtuality” of Queering the Map connects seemingly disparate discourses on mapping, cyberspace, and queer affect. By examining conceptualizations of the virtual as a set of emergent potentials in these theoretical contexts, I show that new media do not so much produce virtuality as they reveal it.

Following Sara Ahmed who poses the orientation in “sexual orientation” as a phenomenological question about how bodies are situated in space and grapple towards certain objects, I suggest that users’ navigation of a digital network like Queering the Map is intimately connected with their subjective orientation in the queer archive. This way, the virtual serves as a conceptual bridge between (new) media studies and queer theory, bringing together on the one hand, how presence is mediated across space and time, and on the other, the affective potentials opened up by this newfound closeness to queer places, times, and bodies.
Doctrinario contra brujas. Los indicios materiales de criminalidad
Authors: Torquemada Sánchez María Jesús
Published: February 2022

El presente trabajo versa sobre los textos elaborados por la doctrina jurídica entre los siglos xiv y xvii con el fin de ilustrar a los jueces que juzgaban por los crímenes de brujería y supersticiones sobre las sustancias y objetos mágicos que podían aportarse como prueba durante los procesos desarrollados ante los tribunales seculares e inquisitoriales por tales conductas.
Héctor Álvarez García, Los precursores de la libertad de expresión en España, Valencia, Tirant Lo Blanch, 2019, 157 pp. https://dx.doi. org/10.5209/foro.77699
Authors: Sanz Burgos Raúl
Published: February 2022

Reseña de la obra de Héctor Álvarez García, Los precursores de la libertad de expresión en España, Valencia, Tirant Lo Blanch, 2019, 157 pp. https://dx.doi. org/10.5209/foro.77699
María José Falcón y Tella, Cuestiones de Filosofía del Derecho, Madrid, Marcial Pons, 2020, 186 pp. https://dx.doi.org/10.5209/foro.77700.
Authors: Pérez Montero María Eugenia
Published: February 2022

Reseña de la obra de María José Falcón y Tella, Cuestiones de Filosofía del Derecho, Madrid, Marcial Pons, 2020, 186 pp. https://dx.doi.org/10.5209/foro.77700.
David Runciman, Así termina la democracia, Barcelona, Paidós, 2019, 304 pp. https://dx.doi.org/10.5209/foro.77704
Authors: Álvarez Rodríguez Ignacio
Published: February 2022

Reseña de la obra de David Runciman, Así termina la democracia, Barcelona, Paidós, 2019, 304 pp. https://dx.doi.org/10.5209/foro.77704
La postsecularización. Un nuevo paradigma en sociología de la religión.
Authors: Ruiz Andrés Rafael
Published: February 2022

Tras la creciente crítica efectuada a la teoría de la secularización durante las últimas décadas, la postsecularización se ha consolidado como nuevo paradigma en sociología de la religión. Sin embargo, una aproximación a la producción sociológica sobre el tema revela dos líneas interpretativas básicas, aquella que emerge de la teoría social y la que efectúa un uso de la postsecularización como categoría descriptiva. El presente artículo apuesta por la integración de ambas perspectivas y de su interacción en el paradigma de la postsecularización. La pertinencia de esta aproximación conjunta será desarrollada a partir de las reflexiones extraídas de las principales obras sobre la postsecularización con los datos procedentes del análisis sociológico, tanto de la investigación del autor sobre el caso español de secularización como del más amplio contexto europeo. La aproximación crítica a la secularización y el reto de la pluralidad serán los dos ejes principales de la exploración. Ambas categorías nos permitirán indagar en la interacción entre “conciencia postsecular” y sociología histórica, de un lado, y entre el reconocimiento normativo de la pluralidad y los retos de su análisis sociológico, de otro. Esta tensión entre la teoría y la realidad sociológica, que la teoría de la secularización obvió en cierto punto de su desarrollo,  es la que posibilita al paradigma de la postssecularización limitar los excesos de su predecesora a la hora de interpretar las transformaciones religiosas en la modernidad.
Естественнонаучные анализы серой керамики черняховской культуры: возможности,
опыты, результаты
Authors: Шультце Эрдмуте
Published: February 2022

Представлено археометрический анализ серой керамики черняховской культуры,
изготовленной
на гончарном круге. Результаты и опыт применения методов естественных
наук использованы
для украинско-германского проекта (Германо-славянская экспедиция
Национального университета
имени Василия Каразина в Харькове, отделение Евразии
Германского археологического института),
связанного с археологическим комплексом в
Войтенках. Поселение и могильник около Войтенков
находились в восточной части
территории распространения черняховской культуры. Сегодня
участок расположен в
Харьковской области, на востоке Украины.
Типологія глиняних виробів (у контексті функціонально-атрибуційного
підходу)
Authors: Коваленко Оксана
Published: February 2022

Розглянуто поняття атрибуції глиняних виробів, виділено етапи
атрибуції, проаналізовано підходи щодо розгляду глиняного виробу як історичного
джерела. Розроблено типологію глиняних виробів – поділ на класи, типи, підтипи, види та
варіанти. Виділення класів та типів проведено, передовсім, за функціональним
призначенням та сферою використання глиняних виробів. При цьому враховано й інші
ознаки, зокрема форму виробу. Простежено еволюцію форм посуду за етапами, які умовно
названо «первісна», «історична», «асимілятивна», «мистецька» еволюція
Сфінкс на даху: міксантропічний образ покрівельної кераміки античності
Authors: Рахно Костянтин
Published: February 2022

Про зображення Сфінкса в покрівельній кераміці Стародавньої Греції й Етрурії, що
булоодним із найпопулярніших образів. Сфінкс зазвичай слугував кутовим акротерієм,
з’являючисьтакож на антефіксах і сімах. Семантика цього образу є дискусійною. Деякі
вчені вбачаютьу ньому апотропеїчний захист для будівлі й храмового простору, існують
також інші тлумачення.Паралелі в скіфському світі, у Давній Індії, у Південно-Східній
Азії змушують переглянутитрадиційні уявлення про винятково єгипетське коріння Сфінкса в
грецькій міфології
Комплекси глиняних виробів ХVІІІ століття з Черкас (за матеріалами розкопок 2020
року)
Authors: Куштан Дмитро
Published: February 2022

Опубліковано матеріали гончарних комплексів ранньомодерного часу (XVIII
століття),виявлені в середмісті Черкас 2020 року, що походять з двох археологічних
об’єктів: гончарногогорна (вул. Остафія Дашковича, 7) та сміттєвої ями (узв.
Старособорний, 32/1). Під час їхдослідження виявлено значну колекцію глиняного посуду та
кахель.
In Early Modern time Cherkasy was a small town. It was a center of Cherkasy
starostvo of Kyivvoivodeship of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Rzeczpospolita) by
1793. Finds dated to the 18thcentury are often found at the excavations here along with
the materials belonging to the other periods.Such finds are mainly concentrated in the
center of Cherkasy, at the territory of the Upper and Lower townaround the “Polish”
castle (the modern Hill of Glory).This paper presents the ceramic complexes of Early
Modern time (18th century), which wereinvestigated in Cherkasy in 2020. Materials are
coming from the excavations in the city, which wereconducted by Cherkasy Archaeological
Expedition of the Institute of Archaeology of the NAS of Ukraineheaded by Dmytro
Kushtan. The large collections of materials are associated with pottery kiln,
excavatedat Ostafyi Dashkovych street 7 and garbage pit from Starosoborny Descent
32/1.Ceramics is represented by wheel-made pottery and oven tiles. Kitchen pots, often
decorated withpainted and incised ornamentations, dominate among pottery. The collection
also includes lids, semi-bowlsand bowls. The other category of finds is represented by
oven tiles. They are referred to the “box type”,having flat rectangular external surface
and walls on the other side of it. The external surface is decoratedwith stamp
ornamentation represented by geometric and plant compositions in Baroque
style.Collections of ceramic finds from the 2020 excavations in Cherkasy are typical for
pottery centersin the Middle Dnieper region of the Early Modern time. According to
numerous analogies, they are datedby the early 18th century.
Georgia and Energy Security
Authors: Partsvania Maka
Published: February 2022

Energy security means the continuous availability of energy, inadequate amounts at a reasonable price. It means when local and imported resources at a reasonable price meet the country's growing demand for energy.

Energy Security impact depends on Environmental challenges, liberalization, deregulation, and the liquidity and competitiveness of the market; besides, the most affecting role in energy security plays the government. Global tensions, as well as regional conflicts, are the most challenging for today’s world. Adequate attention to environmental challenges and diversification of sources can be the solution to Energy security.

Georgia entered the Energy Community Treaty on 1 July 2017. Membership in the Energy Community has a wider political consequence for the country as the membership shows its pro-European orientation. It’s worth mentioning that Georgia is the first Contracting Party not to have a border with the EU internal market or with any other Energy Community Party.

Besides, membership of the Energy community redefines also the energy security questions. Georgia made an important improvement in the energy sector by replacing the energy market framework with the Third Energy Package. Georgian Energy law and policy mainly depend on better energy partnerships between the European Union and Georgia.
THE CONCEPT OF A LEGAL DILEMMA
Authors: Jeutner Valentin
Published: February 2022

This article is based on the monograph (Irresolvable Norm Conflicts in International Law: The Concept of A Legal Dilemma) of Valentin Jeutner pioneering the concept of legal dilemma in the doctrine of international law. Briefly, the concept of a legal dilemma is a theory of irresolvable norm conflicts. The concept of legal dilemma serves as a normative exposition of the international legal states of affairs where the conflict between two legal norms is so fundamental that their adequate resolution through norm conflict resolution techniques of contemporary international law is impossible. In this article, the author conceptualizes legal dilemmas as an unavoidable and irresolvable conflict between norms of international law. The intrinsic nature of legal dilemmas resembles a legal state of superposition where a given conduct is both illegal and legal at the same time. That is, if one norm is favored over the other, the other is necessarily unduly impaired. Upon providing the general legal account of the concept of legal dilemma, the author responds affirmatively to their presence in contemporary international law. Subsequently, the author ventures to demonstrate that various legal devices to accommodate legal dilemmas once they have arisen are unsatisfactory. Then he establishes that judicial institutions – for a multiplicity of different legal and non-legal reasons – do not represent an appropriate forum for dealing with the various substantial problems posed by legal dilemmas. Thus, the author proposes that judicial institutions – instead of deciding the legal dilemmas themselves – must issue dilemmatic declarations when confronted with an irresolvable and unavoidable norm conflict. Dilemmatic declarations communicate that a legal dilemma exists but do not resolve a dilemma in favor of one or the other norm. However, the author warns us that the issuance of dilemmatic declarations must occur only after the most rigorous and careful application of norm conflict resolution and accommodation techniques. Importantly, dilemmatic declarations do not themselves decide the legal dilemmas but delegate the decision-making competence to the archetypal subjects of international law and the authors of the legal dilemmas themselves – the States. In the author's view, the final say over the decision of the legal dilemmas falls precisely to the States due to the inherent epistemological and/or metaphysical difficulties associated with deciding the legal dilemmas. A State’s decision of a dilemma possesses no legal precedential value and after a State has decided the legal dilemma, the judicial institutions should then enforce an unduly impaired norm. Finally, the author posits the merits of dilemmatic legal thinking in the international legal thought, one of which is to enhance the conceptual understanding of international law, transcend the binary representations of norms only as legal and illegal and to enable States to engage with and reflect constructively about the problems the existence of legal dilemmas presuppose.
EUROPE’S NEW REALISM: THE TREATY OF LISBON
Authors: Jürgen Papier Hans
Published: February 2022

The article by Hans Jürgen Papier discusses the institutional reforms of the Treaty of Lisbon. The author assesses whether the innovations of the Treaty are suited for restoring Union’s capacity to act. The author welcomes the changes in the organizational structure of the EU. He considers that the most far-reaching change results from the new architecture of the European Union as one of a unitary legal personality with a supranational character. From the author’s point of view, the reinforcement of the subsidiarity principle is the most valuable reform in the Treaty of Lisbon. However, the weakness of its protection is still here. The author wishes the Treaty to give a clearer picture of Europe, of both its inner and outer boundaries.
ISLAMIC MILITARY LAW
Authors: Bardavelidze Nugzar
Published: February 2022

Islamic military law is a doctrine, which was created by Ulama, basing on Sharia and Fiqh, as right way of Islam – collection of demands and methods of just military actions that are mandatory for Muslim warriors. Foundations and first rules of Islamic military law were established in the very beginning of Hijra, soon after prophet Muhammad began creation of Islamic state in Medina. The prophet always gave different recommendations and suggestions to the warriors and those instructions became the core of the military law. Most of them were codified and abstracted by the first Khalifa Abu Bakr in the ten rules of Islamic armed forces. Muslim treaties and documents of IX century already included the rules about Islamic ethics, economical law and implementation of Islamic military law. They regulated issues concerning the relations with ambassadors, displaced people or refugees; also, rules of action in the battle fields, defense of women, children and non-warriors, process of negotiation and dispute settlement, restriction of use of poisoned weapons and prevention of destroy of enemy’s territories and etc.Islamic military law distinguishes just and unjust wars. According Holy Koran, defensive war is not only legal and legitimate, but also mandatory for Muslims.
LEGAL QUALIFICATION OF AMMUNITION INTENDED FOR HUNTING SMOOTH-BORE FIREARMS ACCORDING TO THE CASE LAW
Authors: Dzindzibadze Giorgi
Published: February 2022

Georgia is one of the countries where firearms are removed from free civilian circulation, and the purchase of certain categories of firearms, with the right of storage or carrying, is possible only on the basis of a special permit issued by the Service Agency of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. After registering the weapon, it is possible to purchase ammunition for this weapon. According to the current version of the Criminal Code, the title of Article 236 reads as follows: Illegal purchase, storage, carrying, manufacturing, transportation, forwarding or sale of firearms (other than hunting smooth-bore firearms (shotguns)), ammunition, explosives or explosive devices, But, along with hunting smooth-bore firearms, the title of the article does not mention the ammunition intended for it, which poses some problems in terms of the legal qualification of the action. With regard to Article 236 of the Criminal Code of Georgia, the Supreme Court of Georgia has established a uniform practice in some matters, which is provides by the city and appellate courts. The Cassation Chamber of the Criminal Court of the Supreme Court of Georgia clarifies that firearms and ammunition must be suitable for their intended use. as well as what is unlawful storage, carrying, transportation, shipment, key, manufacture. Despite numerous explanations from the Supreme Court regarding Article 236 of the Criminal Code, it appears that ammunition for smooth-bore firearms remained without explanation, which led to the courts accusing convicts of illegal purchase, storage and carrying of this category of ammunition.
Kidney cancer epidemiology
in Kazakhstan, 2010-2019
Authors: Umurzakov K. T. , Kaidarova D. R. , Apsalikov B. A. , Ibrayev A. , Sagidullin S. O.
Published: February 2022

Relevance: Kidney cancer is among the most

common oncourological malignancies, which incidence is currently growing. Risk factors for kidney

cancer include tobacco smoking, overweight, and a

history of hypertension and chronic kidney diseases. Kidney cancer is twice more often in men than in

women.

The purpose was to study the epidemiological

trends in Kazakhstan in 2010-2019 years.

Results: In the study period, the kidney cancer

incidence increased from 5.64 to 6.74, and mortality

decreased from 2.65 to 1.96 per 100 000 population.

Both unadjusted and standardized incidence was

high at the age of 50-69 years in both sexes. The incidence decreased in the age group below 29, was

stable at the age of 30-49, was unstable at the age of

50-69, and was growing at 70 years and above. Unadjusted mortality was high at the age of 70 and above.

Standardized mortality was high at the age of 50-69.

Conclusion: In Kazakhstan, in 2010-2019, there

was an increase in kidney cancer incidence against

the background of a decrease in mortality from this

disease. The most unfavorable in terms of incidence

was the age group of 50-69 years in both sexes. The

highest absolute mortality was registered at the age

of 70 and above, while standardized mortality rates

were the highest at 50-69.
Quality Evaluation of Zobo Tea Flavoured with Clove and Ginger Packed in Tea Bags
Authors: C.S. Nwankwo , P.C. Edozie , E.O. Okpomor , J.T. Mbachiantim , C.F. Okoyeuzu , I.E. Carew , D. Belay , T. Abebe
Published: February 2022

The nutritional quality of zobo tea flavoured with clove and ginger was assessed. One-way analysis of variance was applied to the data generated. Dehydrated sorrel calyx (zobo) was crushed and mixed with cloves and ginger to produce four different blends of zobo tea in teabags. The moisture of four different blends of the tea ranges from 9.41% - 11.46%. The ash, vitamin B9, and calcium content of 100% zobo tea were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than others, while the iron content of 80% zobo and 20% clove tea were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than others. The fibre and pro-vitamin A content of 80% zobo, 10% ginger, and 10% clove tea were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the others. Plate bacteria, coliform and fungal counts of the zobo tea ranged from 1.25 x 104 to 1.10 x 1.107cfu/ml. In terms of taste, colour, flavour and general acceptability, the panellists showed significantly (p < 0.05) more preference for 80% zobo, 10% ginger and 10% clove tea. Zobo tea can be produced commercially, preserved for longer periods, and attract acceptance if processed with natural spices and packaged in tea bags; it will also be available and accessible at all times.
Improving Domain Generalization using Style Regularization
Authors: Perez Gustavo
Published: February 2022

We study the problem of improving domain generalization on deep networks by reducing the bias towards texture learned by these models when pre-trained in large color image datasets like ImageNet. To do so, we present a style regularization to enforce more shape-biased learning. Also, we propose an experimental setup using synthetically created test sets using state-of the-art style transfer methods. We report our experiments on stylized versions of CIFAR-10 and STL-10 datasets. In our preliminary results presented here, we show that our style regularization improves performance on new domains but not as significantly as with style augmentation.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PENERIMAAN DIRI (SELFACCEPTANCE) SISWA MELALUI KONSELING INDIVIDU DENGAN PENDEKATAN REALITA KELAS XI SMA NEGERI 15 BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: RATNA BR KARO SEKALI
Published: February 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah self acceptance siswa kelas XI dapat diubah melalui konseling individu realita. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian eksperimen dengan desain penelitian one group pre-test and post-test design. Subyek penelitian ini adalah 6 siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 15 Bandar Lampung yang memiliki self acceptance rendah dan memenuhi beberapa kriteria dalam subyek penelitian. Pemilihan subyek penelitian berdasarkan hasil wawancara terhadap guru pembimbing serta siswa. Sebelum  dan  setelah  pemberian  treatment.  Analisis data menggunakan  teknik analisis data deskriptif persentase dan uji wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa self acceptance siswa sebelum mendapatkan konseling individu realita termasuk dalam kriteria rendah dengan persentase 48%. Setelah mendapatkan konseling individu realita mengalami peningkatan menjadi 64% dengan kriteria sedang. Dengan demikian terjadi perubahan  positif  sebesar  16%.  Hasil  perhitungan  uji  wilcoxon  sebelum  dan setelah mendapatkan treatment, diperoleh Zhitung=2,20>Ztabel= 0 dengan taraf signifikansi 5% sehingga dinyatakan bahwa Ha diterima. Dengan kata lain bahwa konseling individu realita dapat mengubah self acceptance rendah pada siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 15 Bandar Lampung.

Kata kunci: konseling individu, realita, self acceptance,
Coefficient inequalities for classes of univalent functions defined by q derivatives
Authors: Aouf M. K. , Mostafa Adela O. , Cho N. E.
Published: February 2022

Using the principal of subordination and the qderivative, we  obtain sharp bounds for some classes of univalent functions.
Applications of New Iterative Method to fractional non linear coupled ITO system
Authors: Nawaz Rashid , Farid Samreen , Bushnaq Samia
Published: February 2022

In this article New Iterative Method (NIM) is tested upon time fractional coupled ITO system. The results obtained by the proposed method are compared with that of Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM). It is shown that the proposed method is accurate for strongly nonlinear fractional coupled system of PDEs.
Zero-divisor graphs of small upper irredundance number
Authors: Louartiti Khalid
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we classify finite rings with upper irredundance number less than or equal to two. We note that, for such zero-divisor graphs, the upper irredundance number coincides with the independence number.
Nonlinear parabolic systems in Musielack-Orlicz space
Authors: Ahammou A. , El Moumni A. , El Ouardani Ahmed
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we discuss the solvability of the nonlinear parabolic systems associated to the nonlinear parabolic equation: for $i=1,2$\begin{equation*}\mathcal{(S)} \left\{\begin{array}{lll}\displaystyle\frac{\partial u_{i}}{\partial t} -div(a(x,t,u_{i},\nabla u_{i}))+ g_{i}(x,t,u_{i},\nabla u_i)) =f_{i}(x,u_{1},u_{2})\, \quad & \mbox{in}\quad & Q_{T},\\\displaystyle u_{i}(x,t)=0 &\mbox{on}& \partial\Omega \times(0,T),\\\displaystyle u_{i}(x,(t=0))=u_{i,0}(x) & \mbox{in} & \Omega,\end{array}%\right.\end{equation*}with the source $f$ is merely integrable. The operator $\displaystyle A(u)= div \Big (a(x,t,u_{i},\nabla u_{i})\Big)$is a generalized Leray-Lions operator defined on the inhomogeneous Musielak-Orlicz spaces (the vector field $\displaystyle a(x,t,u_i,\nabla u_i)$ have a growth prescribed by a generalized N-function). The non linearity $g_{i}$ is a Carath\'{e}odory function satisfy the some condition.
Mapping Motifs and Techniques: Tracing the Development and Transmission of Cupisnique-style Engraved Head Images
Authors: Park Huntington Yumi
Published: February 2022

Archaeologists have long identified the ceramics of the ancient Chancay, Zaña, Jequetepeque, and Chicama Valleys of Peru as being in the
Cupisnique
 style. Many of these ceramics also exhibit variations of thinly engraved head motifs, which I have previously argued serve as emblems of a unified cultural identity in the region. The appearance and frequency of such post-fired engravings has not previously been specifically quantified or mapped to the specific locations where these objects were unearthed. Through a number of charts, this paper maps the origins of 62 engraved
Cupisnique
-style vessels, including 30 examples currently held in the collection of the Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera, for which archaeological data is available, showing distinct regional differences even within the
Cupisnique
 style and suggesting that it may be possible to trace more precisely the development and dissemination of post-firing engraved motifs, which are still little understood. Beyond just identifying a singular
Cupisnique
 style, then, a more precise mapping of the available archaeological record allows us to trace local developments and transmissions even within a region previously defined only by a single cultural/stylistic identity. Indeed, differences in imagery between sites suggest noteworthy variations in social, economic, and symbolic aspects of each community.
Craft Beer Consumption: The Roles of Motivation and Personal Involvement
Authors: Taylor James , Jo Jangwoo , Choi Hayeon A. , Ruetzler Tanya , Davison H. Kristl , Reynolds Dennis
Published: February 2022

Although craft beer has been gaining attention in the alcoholic beverage industry, few studies have focused on the consumer dynamics of consumption behaviors. This study identifies the relationships among intrinsic/extrinsic motivational factors, personal involvement, and craft beer consumption. We propose and test a model in which intrinsic and extrinsic motivations are interacted to predict craft beer consumption and personal involvement with craft beer. This study identifies how intrinsic/extrinsic motivations affect consumer behavior and personal involvement, finding a moderating role for extrinsic motivation and a mediating role for intrinsic motivation in creating personal involvement. The findings of this study suggest that effective marketing strategies for craft beer should emphasize the distinctive aspects and personalized characteristics of craft beer to differentiate it from mass-produced beer. The results provide insight into how motivational factors and personal involvement affect craft beer consumers’ consumption behavior. Few studies have examined a holistic model of craft beer consumers and their consumption behavior from a psychometric perspective; therefore, the study contributes to the literature by expanding the understanding of consumer behaviors in the craft beer market by examining the roles of intrinsic/extrinsic motivation and personal involvement as predictors of consumption behavior.
1492 BCE: A New World of Pre-Columbian Painting
Authors: Morales Jr. Reinaldo
Published: February 2022

This essay offers an updated chronological sequence and stylistic analysis of one of the oldest dated Pre-Columbian rock art styles in the ancient Americas, the Nordeste Style centered in northeastern Brazil. Since its first publication in the 1990s, the Nordeste Style and its various sub-styles have been dated c. 8500 bce – 200 ce, but more recent and updated dating technology provides a revised chronology of the style, and a reconsideration of the relationship of the style to the broader Pre-Columbian world. The original scholarship from the 1990s championed the formal distinction and regionally limited boundaries of the style, but a more critical analysis of the formal characteristics of the style, in conjunction with the revised chronological sequence, suggest that the original Nordeste artists may in fact have participated in a hemisphere-wide artistic network, ranging as far north as the American Southwest.
Identification Method of Power Internet Attack Information Based
on Machine Learning
Authors: Niu Yitong , Andrei Korneev
Published: February 2022

To solve the problem of large recognition errors in traditional attack information identification
methods, we propose a machine learning (ML)-based identification method for electric power Internet attack
information. Based on the Internet attack information, an Internet attack information model is constructed, the
identification principle of the power Internet attack information is analysed based on ML, hash fixing is conducted to
ensure that the same attack information will be assigned to the same thread and that the deviation generated by noise
can be avoided so that the real-time lossless processing of the power Internet attack information can be ensured. The
vulnerability adjacency matrix is constructed, and the vulnerability is quantitatively evaluated to complete the design
of the optimal identification scheme for power Internet attack information. The experimental results show that the
identification accuracy of the method can reach 98%, which can effectively reduce the risk of power Internet network
attacks and ensure the safe and stable operation of the network.
حماية البيئة في الإسلام في ضوء نصوص القرآن الكريم و السنة النبوية المطهرة
Authors: البشير علي حمد الترابي
Published: February 2022

حماية البيئة في الإسلام في ضوء نصوص القرآن الكريم و السنة النبوية المطهرة

يتناول هذا البحث مفهوم البيئة في المصطلح العام و في الإسلام و بيان مكوناتها من ماء و ارض و نبات و حيوان ...إلخ.

كما يتناول ضرورة حمايتها و مدى اهتمام الإسلام في نصوصه الشريفة في القران الكريم و السنة النبوية بأمر البيئة و حض على تنمية مواردها و رعايتها و تشريعه العقاب الدنيوي و الأخروي لمن يعتدي على البيئة و إعداده الثواب الدنيوي و الأخروي لمن يتعهدها تنمية و حماية.