bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic and meta-analysis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis related type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ekundayo Temitope C. , Falade Ayodeji O. , Igere Bright E. , Iwu Chidozie D. , Adewoyin Mary A. , Olasehinde Tosin A. , Ijabadeniyi Oluwatosin A.
Published: March 2022

Global increase in diabetes (DM) prevalence necessitated the need to establish the association between DM and environmental triggers including MAP (Mycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis) that have been postulated to play a role in DM etiopathology for effective management. The present investigation aimed to assess the odds ratio (OR) presenting the association between MAP and DM. MAP-related DM studies were systematically retrieved from 6 databases until 31 September 2021 according to PRISMA principles for data abstraction. The abstracted dataset was fitted to the fixed-effects (FE) and random-effects (RE) models using the Mantel–Haenszel approach. Sixteen studies involving 2072 participants (1152 DM patients (957 type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) & 195 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)) and 920 healthy controls) met the inclusion criteria. Results revealed a significant association between anti-MAP antibodies (abs) seroprevalence and T1DM (FE: OR 7.47, 95% CI 5.50–10.14,pvalue < 0.0001; RE: OR 7.92, 95% CI 4.39–14.31,p < 0.0001) and MAP DNA with T1DM (FE: OR 4.70 (95% CI 3.10–7.13,pvalue < 0.0001), RE: OR 3.90 (95% CI 0.93–16.38,pvalue = 0.06)). Both anti-MAP abs and MAP DNA based meta-analyses had medium heterogeneity (I2 = 47.2–61.0%). Meanwhile, no significant association between MAP and T2DM (FE: OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.54–2.37,pvalue = 0.74; RE: OR 1.19; 95% CI 0.34–4.12,pvalue = 0.69), its OR magnitude exceeded 1 and prediction interval (0.09–15.29) suggest possibility of association between the duo in the future. The leave-one-out sensitivity analysis depicts a robust meta-analysis in all cases. In conclusion, the study manifests a positive association between MAP and T1DM, highlighting that MAP prevention and environmental control would indubitably revolutionize T1DM management. Also, its projects possible link between MAP and T2DM as more data becomes available. However, it remains elusive whether MAP triggers T1/T2DM or a mere comorbidity in T1/T2DM. Epidemiological activities to fill the global/regional data gaps on MAP-related T1DM and T2DM are advocated in order to assess the burden of MAP-related DM and improve their clinical management.
Gel permeation chromatography process for highly oriented Cs3Cu2I5 nanocrystal film
Authors: Cheng Yu-Hong , Suzuki Rikuo , Shinotsuka Narumi , Ebe Hinako , Oshita Naoaki , Yamakado Ryohei , Chiba Takayuki , Masuhara Akito , Kido Junji
Published: March 2022

The emergence of green materials has attracted considerable attention in the field of optoelectronics. Copper-based lead-free metal halide (with a near-unity quantum yield) obtained from Cs3Cu2I5 nanocrystals (NCs) can exhibit blue emission with a wavelength of 440 nm and provide outstanding stability for various applications. However, in practical applications, colloidal dispersion purity and film quality are inadequate toward a high-performance device. In this study, antisolvent-free gel permeation chromatography is used to purify Cs3Cu2I5 NCs. The purified Cs3Cu2I5 NCs exhibit a high photoluminescent quantum yield and provide a highly oriented single-crystal film. Density functional theory calculation results indicate that the iodide-rich surface in the NCs makes them highly stable. In addition, it has been demonstrated for the first time that the mixture of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and Cs3Cu2I5 NCs has waterproofing capabilities. The composite film consisting of Cs3Cu2I5 NCs and PMMA can survive in water for several days. This result opens up more possibilities for the application of these green material.
Correction: Towards a mechanistic understanding of the sol–gel syntheses of ternary carbides
Authors: Siebert Jan P. , Juelsholt Mikkel , Günzing Damian , Wende Heiko , Ollefs Katharina , Birkel Christina S.
Published: March 2022

Correction for ‘Towards a mechanistic understanding of the sol–gel syntheses of ternary carbides’ by Jan P. Siebert et al., Inorg. Chem. Front., 2022, DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00053a.
Correction: Chemoselective and one-pot synthesis of novel coumarin-based cyclopenta[c]pyrans via base-mediated reaction of α,β-unsaturated coumarins and β-ketodinitriles
Authors: Farajpour Behnaz , Alizadeh Abdolali
Published: March 2022

Correction for ‘Chemoselective and one-pot synthesis of novel coumarin-based cyclopenta[c]pyrans via base-mediated reaction of α,β-unsaturated coumarins and β-ketodinitriles’ by Behnaz Farajpour et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 7262–7267, DOI: 10.1039/D2RA00594H.
Kilo-scale synthesis and purification of 4,4′-[di-t-butyldibenzo]-18-crown-6 and its catalytic reduction to 4,4′-[di-t-butyldicyclohexano]-18-crown-6
Authors: Dutta Snehasis , Gadly Trilochan , Wadawale Amey P. , Darekar Mayur , Mukhopadhay Sulekha , Ghosh Sunil K. , Patro Birija S.
Published: March 2022

This article reports the large scale synthesis, scale up chromatographic purification and Rh catalyzed hydrogenation of DTBDB18C6. Confirmation of molecular structure was done by SCXRD and complete hydrogenation was achieved with the use of K+ ions.
Fuzzy sampled‐data exponential synchronization of T‐S fuzzy complex networks with discontinuous activations and mixed time‐varying delays
Authors: Wu Xiru , Ai Qingming , Zhang Yuchong , Wang Yaonan
Published: March 2022

This paper investigates the exponential synchronization for T‐S fuzzy complex networks (TSFCNs) with discontinuous activations and mixed time‐varying delays. Based on the IF‐THEN rules, the T‐S fuzzy model of complex networks has been obtained to approximate non‐linear dynamic systems via interpolating certain local linear system. A fuzzy sampled‐data control strategy is designed to achieve exponential stability for the TSFCN by constructing the bilateral time‐dependent Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional. Furthermore, according to the Filippov discontinuity theory, the exponential synchronization criteria of TSFCN with discontinuous activations and mixed time‐varying delays under the linear matrix inequality constraints are obtained. Finally, two numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
A role‐entity based human activity recognition using inter‐body features and temporal sequence memory
Authors: Shrivastava Rahul , Tiwari Vivek , Jain Swati , Tiwari Basant , Kushwaha Alok Kumar Singh , Singh Vibhav Prakash
Published: March 2022

Recognizing entities and their corresponding roles are important in human activity recognition. In light of recent advancements, the primary emphasis is recognizing the abstract activities involving person‐person interaction. The contribution of this work is proposing an architecture, which utilizes the knowledge of the human body parts coordinates in role detection of each individual. The network preprocesses the coordinates to build intra‐body and inter‐body features. The extracted features build the relationship between the interacting bodies and learn the temporal relation corresponding to each role using the human memory‐inspired hierarchical temporal memory. The model is tested on vague samples of mutual actions in the experimental work. The model is found robust in action and role recognition tasks and performed well per expectations.
A lane changing time point and path tracking framework for autonomous ground vehicle
Authors: Fan Jiayu , Liang Jun , Tula Anjan K.
Published: March 2022

Performing stable and safe lane changes can avoid collisions and improve traffic safety. In recent years, most of the research in automated ground transportation was focused on path planning and path tracking. However, this work emphasizes the importance of lane changing time point. Based on traditional safety distance, a novel concept, that is the synthesized safety distance for lane changing (SSDLC), is proposed to study lane changing time point. It consists of the reference safety distance and lane changing safety distance, and the weight coefficient between them is obtained by fuzzy logic control algorithm. Additionally, the joint model predictive control (JMPC) is proposed to follow the reference trajectory. This newly established algorithm not only considers the physical saturation of actuators but the yaw stability characteristics. To overcome the calculation difficulty to obtain the optimal results in the prescribed time, the algorithm adds a relaxation factor in the objective function. Finally, the lane changing time point and path tracking framework is modeled and simulated on a CarSim‐Simulink platform. Four scenarios are carried out to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed framework.
Flexible relative humidity sensor based on reduced graphene oxide and interdigital electrode for smart home
Authors: Jiang Weile , Zhang Fuzheng , Lin Qijing
Published: March 2022

With the rapid development and application of smart homes, sensors known as ‘neurons’ have become more and more important in this field. In response to the demand for relative humidity parameter in home monitoring, a flexible relative humidity sensor based on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and interdigital electrode for smart homes was designed and prepared in this paper. The base of the interdigital electrode structure was polyimide, and the RGO film was prepared by a spraying process. A test system for the relative humidity sensor with different saturated salt solutions was also built. The test results show that the sensor resistance and relative humidity have a linear relationship in the range of 24.6% RH–82.9% RH, and the linearity is as high as 0.987. The sensitivity of the sensor is 0.51 kΩ/% RH. The relative humidity sensor with the characteristics of flexibility and high sensitivity will have broad application prospects and value in the field of smart homes.
A Reductive Deuteration Approach to the Efficient Synthesis of Deuterated Polymers
Authors: Dong Yanhong , An Jie , Ning Lei , Wang Lijun , Peng Mengqi , Qin Zixuan , Li Hengzhao , Liu Shangzhong
Published: March 2022

Deuterated polymers have wide applications but limited synthetic methods. In this study, we report an efficient two-step approach for the synthesis of deuterated polyesters and polyurethanes. Firstly, two practical single-electron transfer (SET) reductive-deuteration methods have been developed for site-selective introduction of C(sp3)–D into diol monomers. Nine deuterated diol monomers with high deuterium incorporations were synthesized under SmI2–D2O and/or Na-EtOD-d
1 SET reductive-deuteration conditions. Then, six typical deuterated polyesters and polyurethanes were synthesized using those deuterated monomers under typical polymerization conditions. In all the synthesized polymers, high deuterium incorporation was fully maintained, which showcased the potential application of this approach for the synthesis of polymers with site-specific deuterium labelling.
Identifying Pneumonia Subtypes from Electronic Health Records Using Rule-Based Algorithms
Authors: Hegde Harshad , Glurich Ingrid , Panny Aloksagar , Vedre Jayanth G. , VanWormer Jeffrey J. , Berg Richard , Scannapieco Frank A. , Miecznikowski Jeffrey , Acharya Amit
Published: March 2022

Background The International Classification of Disease (ICD) coding for pneumonia classification is based on causal organism or use of general pneumonia codes, creating challenges for epidemiological evaluations where pneumonia is standardly subtyped by settings, exposures, and time of emergence. Pneumonia subtype classification requires data available in electronic health records (EHRs), frequently in nonstructured formats including radiological interpretation or clinical notes that complicate electronic classification.

Objective The current study undertook development of a rule-based pneumonia subtyping algorithm for stratifying pneumonia by the setting in which it emerged using information documented in the EHR.

Methods Pneumonia subtype classification was developed by interrogating patient information within the EHR of a large private Health System. ICD coding was mined in the EHR applying requirements for “rule of two” pneumonia-related codes or one ICD code and radiologically confirmed pneumonia validated by natural language processing and/or documented antibiotic prescriptions. A rule-based algorithm flow chart was created to support subclassification based on features including symptomatic patient point of entry into the health care system timing of pneumonia emergence and identification of clinical, laboratory, or medication orders that informed definition of the pneumonia subclassification algorithm.

Results Data from 65,904 study-eligible patients with 91,998 episodes of pneumonia diagnoses documented by 380,509 encounters were analyzed, while 8,611 episodes were excluded following Natural Language Processing classification of pneumonia status as “negative” or “unknown.” Subtyping of 83,387 episodes identified: community-acquired (54.5%), hospital-acquired (20%), aspiration-related (10.7%), health care–acquired (5%), and ventilator-associated (0.4%) cases, and 9.4% cases were not classifiable by the algorithm.

Conclusion Study outcome indicated capacity to achieve electronic pneumonia subtype classification based on interrogation of big data available in the EHR. Examination of portability of the algorithm to achieve rule-based pneumonia classification in other health systems remains to be explored.
Dehydration Time Effect on Tooth Color Measurement: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Ahmed Yasmine T. , Almutairi Fahad A. , Alomran Shaima A. , Alkhayatt Nourah M. , Alsulaiman Shahad A. , Alohali Salma Y. , Alhamdi Albatool A.
Published: March 2022

Objectives Esthetics have become a primary influencing factor for patient satisfaction, thus dental restorations shade selection is critical, as it should closely resemble a healthy tooth. During various dental procedures, teeth are subjected to dehydration. The commonly used shade guides are being replaced with electronic color measurement devices for more precise measurements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dehydration time on tooth color measurement using a spectrophotometer.

Materials and Methods Study sample is represented by 20 extracted caries-free maxillary central incisors, which were obtained from several private clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and soaked in normal saline for 24 hours. The VITA Easyshade Advance 4.0 spectrophotometer was used to measure the color at different areas of the tooth (cervical, middle, and incisal thirds) at three time intervals (baseline, after 1 hour of dehydration, and after 2 hours of dehydration).

Statistical Analysis All color coordinates across the different areas of each tooth at the incisal, middle, and cervical thirds descriptive statistics of mean (standard deviation) values were calculated and were compared at the different time intervals at baseline, after 1 hour of dehydration, and after 2 hours of dehydration. Finally, the color change value ∆E was calculated using the formula ∆E*ab = √ (L2∗ − L1∗)2 + (a2∗ − a1∗)2 + (b2∗ − b1∗)2.

Results The color difference ∆E showed statistically significant changes at different time intervals: at baseline, after 1 hour of dehydration, and after 2 hours of dehydration (p < 0.001). Hue had statistically significant changes between 1 hour and 2 hours of dehydration (p = 0.002). Chroma value also showed statistically significant changes (p < 0.001) in all time intervals.

Conclusion By using VITA Easyshade Advance 4.0 spectrophotometer, it was indicated that the tooth color measurements were significantly affected by dehydration time, and tooth shade appeared lighter due to changes in the refractive indices as air replaces the interprism spaces within the enamel. Tooth color measurements for shade selection should be taken as soon as possible to limit dehydration effect and ensure a more accurate shade selection for an enhanced esthetic result.
The Characteristics of Demineralized Dentin Material Sponge as Guided Bone Regeneration Based on the FTIR and SEM-EDX Tests
Authors: Mulyawan Indra , Danudiningrat Coen Pramono , Soesilawati Pratiwi , Aulanni'am Aulanni'am , Yuliati Anita , Suroto Heri , Bramantoro Taufan , Rizqiawan Andra , Moon Seong-Yong
Published: March 2022

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of demineralized dentin material sponge (DDMS).

Material and Methods An observational study was conducted on DDMS and BPCM. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) test was performed to determine the characterizations of the materials. Scanning electron microscope-electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) test was performed to observe the elements contained in the materials.

Results The infrared spectrum of the DDMS and BPCM functional groups showed the same pattern in each variation, and no significant differences were found. According to SEM analysis, the cavities that make up the membrane were spotted on the surface. Besides, according to the SEM-EDX analysis, DDMS contained chlorine, carbon, and calcium, while BPCM contained carbon, oxygen, and sulfur.

Conclusion DDMS has the potential to be a biomaterial for bone tissue engineering in terms of the characteristics. DDMS had a structure that almost resembles BPCM as seen from the results of the FTIR graph between DDMS and BPCM. The morphological structure of the two materials in the SEM test appeared to have porosity with various sizes.
Thermal Change Affects Flexural and Thermal Properties of Fused Deposition Modeling Poly(Lactic Acid) and Compression Molding Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)
Authors: Charasseangpaisarn Taksid , Wiwatwarrapan Chairat , Srimaneepong Viritpon
Published: March 2022

Objective Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used materials in three-dimensional (3D) printing technology due to its multiple advantages such as biocompatibility and biodegradable. However, there is still a lack of study on 3D printing PLA for use as a denture base material. The goal of this study was to compare 3D printing PLA to traditional poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a denture basis.

Materials and Methods The PMMA (M) and PLA (L) specimens were fabricated by compression molding, and fuse deposition modeling technique, respectively. Each specimen group was divided into three different temperature groups of 25°C (25), 37°C (37), and 55°C (55). The glass transition temperature (Tg) of raw materials and specimen was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. The heat deflection temperature (HDT) of each material was also observed.

Statistical Analysis The data of flexural strength and flexural modulus were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance, and Tukey honestly significant difference. The Tg and HDT data, on the other hand, were descriptively analyzed.

Results The results showed that PLA had lower flexural strength than PMMA in all temperature conditions, while the PMMA 25°C (M25) and PMMA 37°C (M37) obtained the highest mean values. PLA 25°C (L25) and PLA 37°C (L37) had significant higher flexural modulus than the other groups. However, the flexural properties of L55 could not be observed, which may be explained by Tg and HDT of PLA.

Conclusion PLA only meets the flexural modulus requirement, although it was greater than flexural modulus of PMMA. On the other hand, PMMA can meet both good flexural strength and modulus requirement. However, increase in temperature could reduce flexural strength and flexural modulus of PMMA and PLA.
Sodium and potassium ion rich ferroelectric solid electrolytes for traditional and electrode-less structural batteries
Authors: Danzi Federico , Valente Mafalda , Terlicka Sylwia , Braga M. Helena
Published: March 2022

The transition to a sustainable society is vital and requires electrification. Sodium and potassium ion-based electrolytes will likely play an important role in energy storage as these elements are very abundant. The latter cations and chloride are especially interesting since life on the planet is somehow based on biological transfers of these ions through cell membranes. K+ is the key charge carrier in plants. Here, we characterize electrochemically, electrostatically, and structurally novel electrolytes, K3ClO and K2.99Ba0.005ClO, and compare their performance with Na3ClO and Na2.99Ba0.005ClO in symmetric and asymmetric structural electrode-less cells, such as K/K2.99Ba0.005ClO in a cellulose membrane/K, Na/Na2.99Ba0.005ClO in a cellulose membrane/Na, Al/K2.99Ba0.005ClO composite/Cu, and Al/Na2.99Ba0.005ClO composite/Cu, at temperatures that range from −45 to 65 °C. An ab initio molecular dynamics structural study followed by band structure determination using density functional theory and hybrid simulations allowed us to compare the amorphous character of the structures, bandgap, and electron localization function for both K3ClO at 25 °C and Na3ClO at 37 °C, temperatures at which preliminary studies indicate that these compounds are already amorphous. As in Na+-based electrolytes, the ferroelectric character of the K+-based electrolytes is well recognizable, especially at −45 °C, where the relative real permittivity achieves 1013 in K/K2.99Ba0.005ClO in cellulose membrane/K symmetric cells for an ionic conductivity of ∼120 mS/cm. As in Na+-based electrodes-less structural battery cells, self-charge and self-cycling phenomena are also demonstrated reinforcing the ferroelectric nature of the A3ClO (A = Li, Na, and K) family of electrolytes. These studies may contribute to understanding the K+ and Na+ transfer behavior in energy harvesting and storage as well as the biologic world.
Nano-Fabrication Process
Authors: Su Yikai , Zhang Yong
Published: March 2022

We describe the nano-fabrication process for the silicon-family waveguides and passive devices, which can be mainly divided into cleaning, spin coating of photoresist, e-beam lithography, inductively coupled plasma dry etching, removal of resist, deposition, photolithography, and deep silicon etching. We also introduce the fabrication process for waveguide devices with metallic heaters, including evaporation, sputtering, lift-off, and undercutting. Finally, we discuss the fabrication of hybrid integration with new materials on the silicon platform, such as 2D materials and alumina.
Perspective on Passive Silicon Photonic Devices
Authors: Su Yikai , Zhang Yong
Published: March 2022

In this chapter, we brainstorm future perspectives on passive silicon-family photonic devices for long term applications, including operation wavelength, integration density, and volume production. In particular, we investigate suitable materials and waveguides with low losses for the ultraviolet, visible, infrared, and mid-infrared bands, respectively. We also analyze the limitations on the integration density of different waveguides. Furthermore, we investigate mass production that involves the volume and yield issue of the photonic devices. Finally, we discuss the future picture of heterogeneous photonic integration with diverse materials on a monolithic chip.
Elucidating the molecular landscape of the stratum corneum
Authors: Starr Nichola J. , Khan Mohammed H. , Edney Max K. , Trindade Gustavo F. , Kern Stefanie , Pirkl Alexander , Kleine-Boymann Matthias , Elms Christopher , O'Mahony Mark M. , Bell Mike , Alexander Morgan R. , Scurr David J.
Published: March 2022

Significance

Skin is recognized as an intricate assembly of molecular components, which facilitate cell signaling, metabolism, and protein synthesis mechanisms in order to offer protection, regulation, and sensation to the body. Our study takes significant steps to characterize in more detail the complex chemistry of the skin, in particular by generating a better understanding of the uppermost layer, the stratum corneum. Using a state-of-the-art 3D OrbiSIMS technique, we were able to observe the depth distribution, in situ, for a wide range of molecular species. This unprecedented molecular characterization of skin provides information that has the potential to benefit research into fundamental processes, such as those associated with skin aging and disease, and the development and delivery of effective topical formulations.
The impact examination of the head tilt size on the subjective visual vertical (SVV) among the normal individuals with ages ranged from 18 to 35 years
Authors: Rezvani Amin Mahmoud , Behzad Hadi
Published: March 2022

Objective:

The subjective visual vertical (SVV) is commonly considered as an indicator of the sense of orientation. The present study aims to assess the impact of head tilt size (by 0°, 15°, 30° and 45° to the left or to the right) on SVV among the normal individuals with ages ranged from 18 to 35 years.

Methods:

Four healthy participants (30 males and 17 females; mean ± SD age: 22.14 ± 3.463) were included in current study. SVV was measured using a forced-choice paradigm and was applied (in different head tilt positions) for every individual twice the time. In addition, difference in averages of SVV in zero and non-zero positions was compared. A p-value of .05 or below was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:

There is statistically significant different between head tilt size by 15° and without head tilt for averages of SVV responses (p < .001). Averages of SVV responses were not different between the head tilt size by 30° and 45° and without head tilt (p > .05). In addition, there is statistically significant different between head tilt size by 15° to the left and to the right (p < .001). This rate was not statistically significant between 30° to the left and to the right and 40° to the left and to the right (p > .05).

Conclusion:

Our results showed that head tilt size by 15° have an impact on the evaluation of the SVV. These findings must be taken into account in the growing body of research that uses the SVV paradigm in disease settings.
Formulation of nanocellulosic fibres and particle fillers, and their mono and hybrid reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Webo Wilson , Masu Leonard M , Nziu Patrick K
Published: March 2022

Finite element analysis was used to formulate novel models of both mono and hybrid nanocomposites, and, also to predict their flexural properties. This study also formulated the optimal combination mix ratio of fibres and matrix of the flexural properties for use in different applications. The predicted properties were verified using the experimental method. This study found that the flexural properties of all the composites depicted an increase with fibre additions up to a certain optimum point, beyond which they began to fall gradually with further fibre additions. There was also evidence of transverse matrix fracture in rice husk nanoparticle-reinforced epoxy resin composites’ flexural stiffness graphs. Moreover, it was found that the increases in flexural properties of mono composites were about two times lower in magnitude than hybrid composites. With regards to the formulation of optimal combination mix ratio of fibres and matrices for different applications, it was noted that the optimal combination mix ratio of fibres to the matrix for applications where all the flexural properties were maximized was 4:1. Moreover, the optimal combination mix ratio of fibres to the matrix for applications where the flexural properties were minimized was 1:2. Furthermore, the optimal combination mix ratio of fibres to the matrix for applications with a target of 10 MPa flexural strength properties and 10 GPa for flexural stiffness properties was 2:3.
Effect of V/Fe composite interlayer on the microstructure and mechanical properties of electron beam welded joints of Ta-10W and GH3128
Authors: Li Yingnan , Li Dong , Cao Zhengyi
Published: March 2022

Electron beam welding of Ta-10W and GH3128 superalloys without and with the addition of V/Fe composite interlayer was carried out to study the effect of the addition of V/Fe composite interlayer on the microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture characteristics of the welded joints. The results showed that both welded joints were well formed, with the addition of V/Fe composite interlayer having finer grains in each region. The fracture form of both welded joints are brittle fracture, fracture location are in the Ta-10W side. However, some ductile fracture features were present in the fracture of the added V/Fe composite interlayer. In direct electron beam welding, the Ta-10w side of the reaction layer there is a large number of Ta-Ni and other intermetallic compounds, which is the most important reason for its poor mechanical properties of the joint. the addition of V/Fe composite interlayer greatly reduces the tendency of intermetallic compound formation in the weld, changing the microstructure of the reaction layer, the tensile strength of the joint has been significantly increased, the maximum tensile strength of 362 MPa.
Effect of the phosphogypsum calcination time on the compressive mechanical properties of phosphogypsum-based composite cementitious materials
Authors: Zheng Tao , Lu Yuexian , Luo Shuang , Kong Dewen , Fu Rubin
Published: March 2022

In this study, phosphogypsum-based composite cementitious materials (PGCMs) were prepared by adding fixed proportions of additives to calcined phosphogypsum (PG). Samples with dimensions of 40 × 40 × 80 mm and 150 × 150 × 300 mm were used to study the effect of the PG calcination time on the PGCM compressive strength, stress–strain relationship, and failure mode and its mechanism. The test results indicated that the PGCM compressive strength gradually increased as the calcination time increased. When the PG calcination time was 180 min, the compressive strengths of the smaller and larger samples increased by 3 and 3.6 times, respectively, compared with the strengths at a calcination time of 20 min. The main reason for the strength increase was the formation of ettringite and hydrated calcium sulfate dihydrate in the PGCM gel system. Additionally, the PGCM compressive strength was significantly related to the sample size, and its reduction coefficient was between 0.60 and 0.69 at different PG calcination times. As the PG calcination time increased, the peak stress of the PGCM stress–strain curve and the corresponding axial strain increased gradually; moreover, brittle failure became more evident.
Association of heart failure with procedural complications and in-hospital outcomes from left atrial appendage occlusion device implantation in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the national inpatient sample of 62 980 procedures
Authors: Munir Muhammad Bilal , Khan Muhammad Zia , Darden Douglas , Abideen Asad Zain Ul , Osman Mohammed , Singh Gagan D , Srivatsa Uma N , Han Frederick T , Reeves Ryan , Hsu Jonathan C
Published: March 2022

Aims

To determine outcomes in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients undergoing percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) with concomitant heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods and results

Data were extracted from National Inpatient Sample for calendar years 2015–2019. LAAO device implantations were identified on the basis of ICD-10-CM code of 02L73DK. The outcomes assessed in our study included complications, in-patient mortality, and resource utilization. A total of 62 980 LAAO device implantations were studied. HFpEF (14.4%, n = 9040) and HFrEF (11.2%, n = 7100) were associated with a higher prevalence of major complications and in-patient mortality in crude analysis. In the multivariate model adjusted for potential confounders, HFpEF and HFrEF were not associated with major complications [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93–1.16 and aOR 1.07, 95% CI 0.95–1.21] or in-patient mortality (aOR 1.48, 95% CI 0.85–2.55 and aOR 1.26, 95% CI 0.67–2.38). HFpEF and HFrEF were associated with prolonged length of stay (LOS) > 1 day (aOR 1.41, 95% CI 1.31–1.53 and aOR 1.66, 95% CI 1.53–1.80) and increased hospitalization costs > median cost 24 752$ (aOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.19–1.34 and aOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.13–1.29).

Conclusion

The prevalence of HF in AF patients undergoing percutaneous LAAO was approximately 26%. HF was not independently associated with major complications and in-patient mortality but was associated with prolonged LOS and higher hospitalization costs.
Potato Insect Control, 1985
Authors: Voss R. Hurley , Hollingsworth Craig S. , Ferro D. N.
Published: March 2022

Potatoes were planted on 9 May in So. Deerfield, MA. Fertilizer (700 lb 10N:10P2O5:10K2O/acre) was broadcast and incorporated prior to planting. An additional 700 lb/acre was sidedressed on 26 Jun. Soil type was a fine sandy loam with a pH of ca 5.3. The land was rotated from corn, and no other potato crops were planted within 0.5 miles; therefore, Colorado potato beetle (CPB) pressure was moderate. Treatment blocks were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of 2 30-ft rows with a 3 ft fallow area separating each plot. Insecticides were applied with C02 pressurized sprayers at 40 psi, with a delivery rate of ca. 65 gal/acre. Applications were made on 3, 11, and 17 Jul. Temik 15G (3.0 lb (AI)/acre) was applied at planting, and Temik 15G (2.0 lb (AI)/acre) at plant emergence. For this reason, the pre-counts (3 Jul) for these two treatments were significantly lower than all the other treatments. Because Kryocide 8F was not available for the first generation applications, a separate trial, adjacent to the trial area at a location where first generation CPB larval counts were still high, was carried out on 18 Jul (Kryocide 8F and control). The mean number of larvae per ten stalks before treatment was 83.4 for the control and 88.8 for the Kryocide 8F plots. After treatment (22 Jul), the control had 94.5 larvae/10 stalks; the Kryocide treatment had 14.3 larvae/10 stalks. CPB densities were determined on 3 Jul (before treatment) and 4-5 days after treatment by counting adults and larvae on 10 primary stalks in each plot. Green peach aphids (GPA) were sampled on 29 Jul by counting those found on 10 terminal leaflets from lower leaves. Predators were assessed on 29 Jul by counting individual larvae, pupae and adults per 10 stalks. Coleomegilla maculata was the dominant predator species. Because densities of individual species were not high, predator numbers were pooled. Each plot was rated for defoliation on a scale from 1 (0-20%) to 5 (80-100%). Potato leafhopper (PLH) damage was assessed by ranking damage from 1 (no damage) to 3 (severe).
Insect Control on Tomato in Southwest Florida, Spring 1986
Authors: Schuster David J. , Everett Paul H.
Published: March 2022

Transplants were set 31 Jan, 20 inches apart on 3 ft wide by 6 inches high beds of Immokalee fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 plants and treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 18, 25 Feb, 5, 12, 19, 26 Mar, 2, 9, 16 and 23 Apr with a 2.5 gal hand-held C02 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 psi and delivered 35-100 gal/acre (gallonage increased as the plants grew). All plots were sprayed with Lannate 1.8L at 0.45 lb (AI)/100 gal on 27 Feb, 17, 19, 24 Mar, 1, 4, 8, 14, 18, 24 and 28 Apr. On 30 Apr, the numbers of leafmines were counted during a 2 min. search per plot. To complete a residue analysis, 8 to 12 mature green fruit were harvested and weighed on 23, 24, 26, 28, 30 Apr and 7 May from all check plots and from plots sprayed with MK 936 applied at either 0.02 or 0.01 lb (AI)/100 gal. All remaining fruit of marketable size were counted and weighed in a single harvest on 7 May.
Insect Control on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Spring, 1986
Authors: Schuster David J.
Published: March 2022

Transplants were set 14 Feb, 18 inches apart on 2.5 ft wide by 8 inches high beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 staked plants and treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 7, 14, 21, 28 Mar, 4, 11, 17, 25 Apr, 2, 9, 16, and 23 May with a 2.5 gal hand-held CO2 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 psi and delivered 45-145 gal/acre (gallonage increased as the plants grew). Ambush 2EC was combined at 0.1 lb (AI)/100 gal with MK 936 treatments on 9 and 23 May. On 24 Apr, the numbers of thrips were counted in 10 flowers from each plot. On 20 May, the numbers of active leafmines (those containing living larvae) and the numbers of empty leafmines were counted on the terminal three leaflets of the 7th leaf from the top of each of 10 stems from each plot. To complete a residue analysis, 10 undamaged mature green or breaker fruit were harvested and weighed on 23, 24, 26, 28, 30 May and 6 Jun from all check plots and from plots sprayed with MK 936 applied at either 0.02 or 0.01 lb (AIJ/100 gal. The numbers of undamaged ripe fruit and the numbers of ripe fruit damaged by noctuid larvae (principally the southern armyworm, S. eridania (Cramer)) or stink bugs were determined in harvests taken on 21, 28 May, 3 and 11 Jun. Leafmine counts were transformed by the square root of x + 0.5 prior to analyses but are presented in the original scale.
Control of Chinch Bugs on Field Corn with Soil Insecticides in Northeast Louisiana, 1986
Authors: Ratchford Kevin , Ree Bill
Published: March 2022

Pioneer 3320 was planted 14 Mar, on loessial silt loam (Gigger-Gilbert complex) soil in Franklin parish. The test was arranged in a randomized complete block with 2 replications. Plots were 12 rows (38 inches wide) by the length of the field (approximately 3 acre plots). Soil insecticides were applied at planting with a John Deere 7100 series planter, equipped with granular applicators. Banded treatments were applied on a 6 inch band behind the closing wheel and scratched into the top half inch of soil by use of special planter rakes. Plant stand data were collected on 4, 10, 18 and 23 Apr and 8 May to measure effects on early season crop development. Six 2-meter row sections were flagged in all plots in order to determine stand loss. Plant heights were measured by randomly sampling 40 plants from all plots on 8 May. Chinch bug control was measured by making random whole plant examinations and counting the adult chinch bugs found at base of stalks on 4, 10, 18 and 23 Apr and 1 and 8 May. Immatures were not counted, but the percentage of plants with immature chinch bugs was recorded on 1 and 8 May. Entire plots were mechanically harvested on 5 Aug and converted to Bu/acre at 15% moisture.
Evaluation of Early and Late Season Applications of Larvin, Cymbush, Azodrin, Monitor, and Galecron in Cotton, 1986
Authors: Ratchford Kevin , Burns Gene
Published: March 2022

Stoneville 506 cotton was planted 30 Apr on loessial silt loam (Gigger-Gilbert complex) soil at the Macon Ridge Branch of the Northeast Research Station. Plots were 8 rows (40 in wide) × 65 ft and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All plots received an in-furrow treatment of Temik (0.5 lb (AI)/acre) and Terraclor Super-X fungicide (0.25 + 1.0 lb (AI)/acre) at planting. Foliar insecticides were applied with a high clearance sprayer equipped with a compressed air system for spraying small plots, delivering 2.5 gal/acre with 2 X-3 hollow cone nozzles/row. The center six rows of all plots were sprayed in order to reduce drift. Applications were made on 13, 19, 27 Jun, 2, 8, 22, 28 Jul and 5, 13, 20 Aug. The cotton was furrow irrigated during droughty periods. Sweep net data were collected by making 25 sweeps/plot on 16, 23 June and 1 Jul. Aphid infestations were evaluated on 16 Jul by randomly collecting 5 leaves from the upper third of plants in the center 2 rows of each plot. Leaves were washed in a solution of water, soap and bleach and then filtered through a series of mesh sieves in order to separate the aphids from leaf samples. The aphids collected on the finest mesh were washed into a Buchner funnel and separated onto filter paper for observation under the microscope. The effects of treatments on Heliothis spp. were measured by pulling 25 squares from the center 2 rows of each plot on 7, 15, 31 Aug. The test was defoliated with Harvade (0.5 pt/acre) on 4 Sep. The center 4 rows of each plot were mechanically harvested on 16 Sep and 7 Oct. Yields were converted to lb seed cotton/acre.
Insecticides for Suppression of Heliothis SPP. On Cotton, 1986
Authors: Robinson John R. C. , Teetes George L.
Published: March 2022

3.5 acres of Stoneville 825' cotton were planted 13 May on rows spaced 40 inches apart. The field was treated with 30 oz Cythion RTU/acre on 23 and 30 Jun for control of cotton fleahoppers. The cotton was furrow irrigated 31 Jul. Additionally, the plots received 1.9 inches of rain on 3 Aug, 4.13 inches on 10-11 Aug, and 1.25 inches on 23-24 Aug. Twelve insecticide treatments and an untreated check were compared in a randomized block design with 4 replications. Plots were 10 rows wide and 80 feet long; only the middle 4 rows were sprayed. Applications were made with a high-clearance, self-propelled sprayer using TX-3 hollow cone nozzles and calibrated to deliver 5.9 GPA at 42 psi and 3 mph. Insecticide applications began when the average level of larval-damaged squares exceeded 30%. Treatments were applied 17, 22 and 28 Jul, 19 Aug, and 26 Aug. Wet conditions interfered with spraying operations during the first 2 weeks of August. Counts of Heliothis spp. larvae and plant damage assessments were made prior to each application of insecticide treatments. Sampling consisted of examining 25 randomly selected terminals/plot for Heliothis eggs and larvae. The levels of larval-damaged fruit were monitored by examining 25 squares (>% grown) and 25 bolls per plot for Heliothis damage, and larvae present on these fruits were counted. Cotton was hand harvested from 4, 2-meter sections of treated row per plot. The harvested cotton was extracted, ginned and weighed. Data were analyzed by conventional analysis of variance and multiple comparison procedures.
Spider Mite and Cotton Aphid Control, 1986
Authors: Royer Tom A. , Edelson J. V.
Published: March 2022

Cotton was planted in a Raymondville clay loam soil on 11 Mar at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Annex, Weslaco, TX. Plots measured 2 rows (40 inch centers) by 40 ft, and were bordered by 1 row of grain sorghum to reduce spray drift. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 5 replications. Plants were oversprayed ca. every 7 days with a mixture of 0.6 lb (AI)/acre metalaxyl + 0.06 lb (AI)/acre cypermefhrin to induce an outbreak of spider mites and aphids. Treatments were applied on 19 Jun with a C02 powered high clearance ground sprayer at a rate of 10 gal/acre finished formulation (3 mph, 40 psi, 3 TX-4 hollow cone nozzles/row). Aphids and mites were monitored by randomly collecting 5 leaves from each plot and counting all mites and aphids present on the leaves.
Control of Twospotted Spider Mites on Croton, 1986
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Payne Richard , Gladin Jodie , Price Richard , Schwartz Mary Ann
Published: March 2022

Greenhouse grown crotons, 6-7 inches high were artificially infested with twospotted spider mites. The plants were grown in 6 inch pots that were evenly spaced on a greenhouse bench. Treatments were replicated 5 times in a RCB design. The plants were sprayed until runoff with a Gilmore all-purpose hand sprayer. A surfactant* was added to each treatment. Applications were made on 25 Jul, 29 Jul, and 5 Aug. Spider mite infestations were evaluated 3 days after each treatment except after the third treatment where the plants were checked at 3 and 10 DAT. Infestations were determined by examining 2 leaves per plant and counting the number of live spider mites per leaf. The leaves were chilled prior to inspection.
Pine Needle Scale Control on Scotch Pine in Centre CO., PA, 1986
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S.
Published: March 2022

Seven insecticides were evaluated to control the summer generation crawlers of the pine needle scale on heavily infested 5-6 ft scotch pine Christmas trees. Foliar sprays were applied to the point of run-off with a Solo 425 backpack hand-pump sprayer. Each treatment was applied to 4 single tree replicates. Treatments were applied on 16 Jul under cloudy skies. Heavy rainfall occurred before all trees were treated; hence, each replicate was retreated 24 hr later on the morning of 17 Jul. The air temp was 68 F and % RH was 86. Rainfall occurred within 24 hr following completion of all treatments. One week posttreatment (24 Jul), a minimum of 5 infested needle fascicles were randomly removed from each tree. Fascicles were then individually placed in plastic bags and transported in an ice cooler back to the laboratory where the viability of the first 100 nymphs observed under a stereo-dissecting microscope was determined. Counts were always made from a minimum of 5 fascicles.
Evaluation of B-Exotoxin of Bacillus Thumngiensis for the Control of Northern Fowl Mites, 1986
Authors: Burg J. G. , Stafford K. C. , Collison C. H.
Published: March 2022

Forty White Leghorn hens were caged individually in a 7.3 × 7.3 m shelter at the Pennsylvania State University Poultry Research Farm. The shelter contained 2 banks of single deck, double row cages (46 × 46 × 30 cm) divided by a 2.3 m aisle, 20 cages/bank. On 22 Jul '85, all 22-week-old hens were infested with northern fowl mites by placing mite-infested feathers into vent feathers of the uninfested hens. Hens were reinfested 3-4 times prior to treatment. Twelve hens with the highest mite population densities were selected and randomly placed into individual cages in one bank of the shelter. All other cages in that bank were emptied. On 22 Jan '86, 6 hens were randomly selected and sprayed with 40 ml of B-Exotoxin (1,000 ppm) with a 250 ml chromotography sprayer into the vent and tail area. The remaining 6 hens were sprayed with 40 ml of distilled water to serve as controls. Mite population density estimates were made weekly for 10 weeks post-treatment with the following visual rating scale: 0 = 0 mites/bird; 1 = 1-2 mites; 2 = 3-9 mites; 3 = 10-31 mites; 4 = 32-99 mites; 5 = 100-315 mites; 6 = 316-999 mites; 7 = 1,000-3,159 mites; 8 = 3,160-9,999 mites; 9 = 10,000-31,586 mites; and 10 = greater than 31,586 mites/bird
Leafminer Control on Cranberry, 1986
Authors: Maier Chris T.
Published: March 2022

Two insecticides applied at 2 rates were evaluated for efficacy in controlling a cranberry leafminer at East Haddam, CT. Plots of 1 X 1-yd size were arranged in a randomized block design, with 4 replicates per treatment on 24 Apr, and 4 on 30 Apr. Insecticides were applied to runoff with a 1-qt Farnam All-Purpose Pressure Sprayer. Air temp during application was 50°F on 24 Apr and 65°F on 30 Apr. A 0.1-inch rain fell in the 6-h period after treatment on 24 Apr. Larvae were 1st and 2nd instars at application time, with 96% in the 1st instar on 24 Apr and 66% in this instar on 30 Apr. One hundred mines per plot (10 from 10 different upright stems) were microscopically examined 2 wk after treatment to determine % mortality.