bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Area postrema: fetal maturation, tumours, vomiting centre, somatic growth and role in neuromyelitis optica
Authors: Sarnat HB , Flores-Sarnat L , Boltshauser E
Published: September 2019

The area postrema (AP) in the caudal 4th ventricular floor is unique, highly vascular without blood/brain or /CSF barrier. In addition to its function as the vomiting centre, several other important functions are: part of the circumventricular organs for vasomotor and angiotensin II regulation; a role in neuromyelitis optica related to aquaporin-4; contributor to fetal and postnatal somatic growth. Functions are immature at birth.

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate AP neuronal/synaptic/glial maturation in normal fetuses and 3 AP tumours. Transverse sections of the caudal 4th ventricle of 18 normal human fetal brains at autopsy, 6 to 40 weeks were examined; also 3 infants 3-18mos; 2 children. A battery of immunocytochemical neuronal and glial markers: MAP2; calretinin; synaptophysin; vimentin; nestin; GFAP; S-100β protein; were applied to paraffin sections. Two children with AP tumours and one with neurocutaneous melanocytosis, all with pernicious vomiting, were studied. In normal fetuses, AP neurons exhibited cytological maturity and well-formed synaptic circuitry by 14wk gestation. Size/volume increase was disproportionately greater than brainstem growth in 2nd and 3rd trimesters and postnatally. Astrocytes co-expressed vimentin/GFAP but glia were best demonstrated by S-100β protein. Ependyma over the AP in fetuses is simple cuboidal, adjacent to pseudostratified columnar of the 4th ventricular floor. Melanocytes infiltrated AP in the toddler with pernicious vomiting; 2 children had primary AP pilocytic astrocytomas. Though AP is cytologically mature by 14wk, growth increases and functions mature into the postnatal months. We recommend that AP neuropathology include synaptophysin and S-100β at autopsy if AP dysfunction suspected.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

This presentation will enable the learner to:

1.

Explain the maturation of neurons, synaptic circuits and glial elements of the AP

2.

List and recognize tumours that can affect the area postrema

3.

Describe functions of the area postrema
Clinical, neuropathological and molecular features of fatal human pegivirus-associated encephalitis
Authors: Schmitt LM , Balcom E , Doan M , Branton WG , Jovel J , Blevins G , Edguer B , Hobman TC , Yacyshyn E , Emery D , Box A , Power C , van Landeghem FKH
Published: September 2019

Flaviviruses include many viruses causing encephalitis, including West Nile encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis and Japanese encephalitis. Human pegivirus genotype-1 (HPgV-1) is a lesser known member of the Flaviviridae family and has been identified in human serum, cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue. Here, we describe two adult patients with fatal HPgV-1-associated encephalitis. Neuroimaging revealed multifocal lesions, initially present in the periventricular and brain stem white matter, then one year later throughout the corona radiata bilaterally with marked involvement of the brainstem and cervical spinal cord. Phylogenetic analyses of HPgV-1 showed clustering of brain-derived sequences from both patients with other human pegiviruses. In both patients, a novel 87-nucleotide deletion in the viral NS2 gene was detected. The presence of positive and negative strand HPgV-1 RNA and viral antigens in both patients indicated viral persistence and replication in the CNS. Autopsy showed lymphocyte infiltration and gliosis predominantly in white matter of the brain and brain stem but, to a lesser extent, also in grey matter. Immunofluorescence revealed HPgV-1 NS5A antigen in lymphocytes as well as in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Thus, we hypothesize that the novel deletion in the NS2 coding region may have caused HPgV-1 neuroadaptation or might represent a yet unrecognized genotype of human pegivirus.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

This presentation will enable the learner to:

1.

Describe the clinical and neuropathological features of fatal human pegivirus-associated encephalitis

2.

Recognize the importance of molecular analysis in encephalitis cases with unknown etiology
Evaluation of the effectiveness of eight screening tools in detecting risk of malnutrition in cirrhotic patients: the KIRRHOS study
Authors: Georgiou Alexandra , Papatheodoridis Georgios V. , Alexopoulou Alexandra , Deutsch Melanie , Vlachogiannakos Ioannis , Ioannidou Panagiota , Papageorgiou Maria-Vasiliki , Papadopoulos Nikolaos , Tsibouris Panagiotis , Prapa Adamantia , Yannakoulia Mary , Kontogianni Meropi D.
Published: September 2019

Malnutrition risk screening in cirrhotic patients is crucial, as poor nutritional status negatively affects disease prognosis and survival. Given that a variety of malnutrition screening tools is usually used in routine clinical practice, the effectiveness of eight screening tools in detecting malnutrition risk in cirrhotic patients was sought. A total of 170 patients (57·1 % male, 59·4 (sd 10·5) years, 50·6 % decompensated ones) with cirrhosis of various aetiologies were enrolled. Nutritional screening was performed using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, Nutritional Risk Index, Malnutrition Screening Tool, Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002), Birmingham Nutritional Risk Score, Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire, Royal Free Hospital Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT) and Liver Disease Undernutrition Screening Tool (LDUST). Malnutrition diagnosis was defined using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). Data on 1-year survival were available for 145 patients. The prevalence of malnutrition risk varied according to the screening tools used, with a range of 13·5–54·1 %. RFH-NPT and LDUST were the most accurate in detecting malnutrition (AUC = 0·885 and 0·892, respectively) with a high sensitivity (97·4 and 94·9 %, respectively) and fair specificity (73·3 and 58 %, respectively). Malnutrition according to SGA was an independent prognostic factor of within 1-year mortality (relative risk was 2·17 (95 % CI 1·0, 4·7), P = 0·049) after adjustment for sex, age, disease aetiology and Model for End-stage Liver Disease score, whereas nutrition risk according to RFH-NPT, LDUST and NRS-2002 showed no association. RFH-NPT and LDUST were the only screening tools that proved to be accurate in detecting malnutrition in cirrhotic patients.
PLEASURE AND THE DIVIDED SOUL IN PLATO'S REPUBLIC BOOK 9
Authors: Sommerville Brooks
Published: September 2019

In Book 9 of Plato's Republic we find three proofs for the claim that the just person is happier than the unjust person. Curiously, Socrates does not seem to consider these arguments to be coequal when he announces the third and final proof as ‘the greatest and most decisive of the overthrows’ (μέγιστόν τε καὶ κυριώτατον τῶν πτωμάτων) (583b7). This remark raises a couple of related questions for the interpreter. Whatever precise sense we give to μέγιστον and κυριώτατον in this passage, Socrates is clearly appealing to an argumentative standard of some kind, and claiming that his final argument alone meets (or comes closest to meeting) this standard. But what precise standard is Socrates invoking here? And given that the first two arguments of Book 9 fall short of this (as yet undetermined) standard, why does he not simply leap directly to the third, most decisive proof?
Gandhi's Newspaperman: T. G. Narayanan and the quest for an independent India, 1938–46
Authors: PAUL SUBIN , DOWLING DAVID
Published: September 2019

The expansion of the colonial public sphere in India during the 1930s and 1940s saw the nation's English-language press increasingly serve as a key site in the struggle for freedom despite British censorship. This article examines the journalistic career of T. G. Narayanan, the first Indian war correspondent and investigative reporter, to understand the role of English-language newspapers in India's quest for independence. Narayanan reported on two major events leading to independence: the Bengal famine of 1943 and the Second World War. Drawing on Michael Walzer's concept of the ‘connected critic’, this research demonstrates that Narayanan's journalism fuelled the Indian nationalist movement by manoeuvring around British censors to publicize and expand Mahatma Gandhi's criticism of British rule, especially in light of the famine and war. His one departure from the pacifist leader, however, was his support of Indian soldiers serving in the Indian National Army and British Army.
Salusin-α levels are negatively correlated with diastolic blood pressure in children with obesity
Authors: Dervişoğlu Pınar , Elmas Bahri , Kösecik Mustafa , İşgüven Şükriye P. , Büyükavcı Mustafa , Köroğlu Mehmet
Published: September 2019

Salusins have emerged as a new biomarker that reflects an increased inflammatory state, which is associated with cardiovascular risk. We investigated the predictive value and usefulness of salusins as an inflammatory biomarker in obese children. This prospective cohort study included 75 obese children and 101 healthy children (as a control group). Salusin-α, Salusin-β, and various cardiovascular parameters were assessed in both groups. Correlation analyses of Salusin-α and Salusin-β with body mass index standard deviation scores and inflammatory and cardiovascular markers were performed. The mean patient age was 11.9±2.4 years for the obese group and 12.5±2.1 years for the control group. The obese children had a significantly higher heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, epicardial adipose tissue thickness, and left ventricular mass than did the children in the control group. There was no significant correlation between Salusin-α and Salusin-β and body mass index; however, there was a negative correlation between Salusin- α and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.277, p = 0.004). Overall, there was no significant difference in the Salusin-α and Salusin-β levels between obese and healthy children. However, a negative correlation was found between Salusin-α and diastolic blood pressure. Although this result suggests that Salusin-α might be an early marker of cardiovascular involvement in obese children, further studies are needed to demonstrate the predictive value of salusins.
Key Uncertainties in the Recent Air‐Sea Flux of CO2
Authors: Woolf D.K. , Shutler J.D. , Goddijn‐Murphy L. , Watson A.J. , Chapron B. , Nightingale P.D. , Donlon C.J. , Piskozub J. , Yelland M.J. , Ashton I. , Holding T. , Schuster U. , Girard‐Ardhuin F. , Grouazel A. , Piolle J.‐F. , Warren M. , Wrobel‐Niedzwiecka I. , Land P.E. , Torres R. , Prytherch J. , Moat B. , Hanafin J. , Ardhuin F. , Paul F.
Published: September 2019

The contemporary air‐sea flux of CO2 is investigated by the use of an air‐sea flux equation, with particular attention to the uncertainties in global values and their origin with respect to that equation. In particular, uncertainties deriving from the transfer velocity and from sparse upper ocean sampling are investigated. Eight formulations of air‐sea gas transfer velocity are used to evaluate the combined standard uncertainty resulting from several sources of error. Depending on expert opinion, a standard uncertainty in transfer velocity of either ~5% or ~10% can be argued and that will contribute a proportional error in air‐sea flux. The limited sampling of upper ocean fCO2 is readily apparent in the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas databases. The effect of sparse sampling on the calculated fluxes was investigated by a bootstrap method, that is, treating each ship cruise to an oceanic region as a random episode and creating 10 synthetic data sets by randomly selecting episodes with replacement. Convincing values of global net air‐sea flux can only be achieved using upper ocean data collected over several decades but referenced to a standard year. The global annual referenced values are robust to sparse sampling, but seasonal and regional values exhibit more sampling uncertainty. Additional uncertainties are related to thermal and haline effects and to aspects of air‐sea gas exchange not captured by standard models. An estimate of global net CO2 exchange referenced to 2010 of −3.0 ± 0.6 Pg C/year is proposed, where the uncertainty derives primarily from uncertainty in the transfer velocity.
Dinitrogen Fixation Across Physico‐Chemical Gradients of the Eastern Tropical North Pacific Oxygen Deficient Zone
Authors: Selden C. R. , Mulholland M. R. , Bernhardt P. W. , Widner B. , Macías‐Tapia A. , Ji Q. , Jayakumar A.
Published: September 2019

The Eastern Tropical North Pacific Ocean hosts one of the world's largest oceanic oxygen deficient zones (ODZs). Hot spots for reactive nitrogen (Nr) removal processes, ODZs generate conditions proposed to promote Nr inputs via dinitrogen (N2) fixation. In this study, we quantified N2 fixation rates by 15N tracer bioassay across oxygen, nutrient, and light gradients within and adjacent to the ODZ. Within subeuphotic oxygen‐deplete waters, N2 fixation was largely undetectable; however, addition of dissolved organic carbon stimulated N2 fixation in suboxic (<20 μmol/kg O2) waters, suggesting that diazotroph communities are likely energy limited or carbon limited and able to fix N2 despite high ambient concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Elevated rates (>9 nmol N·L−1·day−1) were also observed in suboxic waters near volcanic islands where N2 fixation was quantifiable to 3,000 m. Within the overlying euphotic waters, N2 fixation rates were highest near the continent, exceeding 500 μmol N·m−2·day−1 at one third of inshore stations. These findings support the expansion of the known range of diazotrophs to deep, cold, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen‐replete waters. Additionally, this work bolsters calls for the reconsideration of ocean margins as important sources of Nr. Despite high rates at some inshore stations, regional N2 fixation appears insufficient to compensate for Nr loss locally as observed previously in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific ODZ.
Mantle Structure in the Central Mediterranean Region From P and S Receiver Functions
Authors: Monna S. , Montuori C. , Piromallo C. , Vinnik L.
Published: September 2019

We investigate the upper mantle discontinuities in the central Mediterranean region by applying the P and S receiver function techniques on waveforms recorded at broadband stations located around the Tyrrhenian basin. P and S wave velocity profiles (down to 300‐km depth) are calculated with joint inversion of P and S receiver functions. We could identify the Moho, lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary, and an underlying low‐velocity layer between ~60‐ and ~200‐km depth. The low‐velocity layer is interpreted as asthenospheric material, and its lower boundary is identified below the western Ionian and Tyrrhenian basins as a sharp Lehmann discontinuity. Although the stations are located on different lithospheric domains we find a strong correlation between Moho and the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary depths, which suggests ubiquitous coupling of the crust and lithospheric mantle, consistently with the southward opening of the Tyrrhenian basin. The Tyrrhenian and western Ionian basins present thinning of the transition zone of ~14 km, as inferred from a reduced P660s‐P410s differential time. Below the southern Apennines we observe a standard differential time that implies an average mantle transition zone thickness. We explain these mantle transition zone thickness variations as due to temperature heterogeneity linked to the area's subduction history. Finally, under central Europe (the location of the deep S‐to‐P conversion points) two strong signals from nonstandard discontinuities within the mantle transition zone are observed. These signals can be explained as being generated at the boundaries of high seismic velocity layers that are spatially correlated with stagnant slabs in the transition zone detected by seismic tomography.
Structure‐Coupled 3‐D Imaging of Magnetotelluric and Wide‐Angle Seismic Reflection/Refraction Data With Interfaces
Authors: Peng Miao , Tan Handong , Moorkamp Max
Published: September 2019

Magnetotelluric (MT) and wide‐angle seismic reflection/refraction surveys play a fundamental role in understanding the crustal rheology and lithospheric structure of the Earth. In recent years, the integration of the two methods in order to improve the robustness of the inversion has started to gain attention. We present a new approach for joint 3‐D inversion of MT and wide‐angle seismic reflection/refraction data to accurately determine crustal structures and Moho depth. Based on H‐κ stacking of teleseismic receiver functions, we estimate an initial reference Moho. This is used as input for the subsequent MT/seismic joint inversion, where the Moho interface is updated and crustal structures are added to the model. During the joint inversion process, structural similarity is facilitated through the cross‐gradient constraint. Synthetic model tests show an improvement of the inversion results over separate inversions. In particular, the tests based on two geologically realistic models demonstrate that the crustal structure and even the trade‐off between velocity and Moho interface can be sufficiently resolved by combined MT and seismic data sets when using the estimates from analysis of receiver functions. These results show that the new method can provide useful constraints on crustal structures including their geophysical properties and discontinuities.
Infrasonic Wave‐Induced Variations of Ionospheric HF Sounding Echoes
Authors: Mabie Justin , Bullett Terence
Published: September 2019

We conducted ionospheric observations during several Orbital Corporation International Space Station Resupply missions from the Mid‐Atlantic Regional Spaceport at National Aeronautics and Space Administration Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia. These observations were made under different ionospheric and thermospheric conditions using different variations of an experimental sounding mode of the Wallops Vertical Incidence Pulsed Ionospheric Radar. We present an analysis of variations in signal strength (fading), range (signal delay), and echo arrival angle as the rocket‐generated High Altitude Acoustic Waves propagate in the thermosphere and through the plasma layers being observed. The results improve our understanding of the effects of infrasonic waves on remote sensing of the ionosphere and on radio wave propagation through the ionosphere and thermosphere.
History and progress of hypotheses and clinical trials for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Liu Pei-Pei , Xie Yi , Meng Xiao-Yan , Kang Jian-Sheng
Published: September 2019

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss along with neuropsychiatric symptoms and a decline in activities of daily life. Its main pathological features are cerebral atrophy, amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of patients. There are various descriptive hypotheses regarding the causes of AD, including the cholinergic hypothesis, amyloid hypothesis, tau propagation hypothesis, mitochondrial cascade hypothesis, calcium homeostasis hypothesis, neurovascular hypothesis, inflammatory hypothesis, metal ion hypothesis, and lymphatic system hypothesis. However, the ultimate etiology of AD remains obscure. In this review, we discuss the main hypotheses of AD and related clinical trials. Wealthy puzzles and lessons have made it possible to develop explanatory theories and identify potential strategies for therapeutic interventions for AD. The combination of hypometabolism and autophagy deficiency is likely to be a causative factor for AD. We further propose that fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has the potential to treat AD.
Multilevel structure–activity profiling reveals multiple green tea compound families that each modulate ubiquitin-activating enzyme and ubiquitination by a distinct mechanism
Authors: Fenteany Gabriel , Gaur Paras , Hegedűs Lili , Dudás Kata , Kiss Ernő , Wéber Edit , Hackler László , Martinek Tamás , Puskás László G. , Haracska Lajos
Published: September 2019

We developed and implemented a reconstituted system to screen for modulators of the ubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a process that activates pathways of DNA damage tolerance and drug resistance. We identified the primary putatively health-beneficial green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and certain related small molecules as potent inhibitors of ubiquitination. EGCG directly and reversibly targets the ubiquitin-activating enzyme Uba1, blocking formation of the Uba1~ubiquitin thioester conjugate and thus ubiquitination and in the cell. Structure–activity relationship profiles across multiple biochemical and cellular assays for a battery of EGCG analogues revealed distinct chemical and mechanism-of-action clusters of molecules, with catechin gallates, alkyl gallates, and myricetin potently inhibiting ubiquitination. This study defines a number of related though distinct first-in-class inhibitors of ubiquitination, each series with its own unique activity pattern and mechanistic signature.
Metabolic modulations of Pseudomonas graminis in response to H2O2 in cloud water
Authors: Wirgot Nolwenn , Lagrée Marie , Traïkia Mounir , Besaury Ludovic , Amato Pierre , Canet Isabelle , Sancelme Martine , Jousse Cyril , Diémé Binta , Lyan Bernard , Delort Anne-Marie
Published: September 2019

In cloud water, microorganisms are exposed to very strong stresses especially related to the presence of reactive oxygen species including H2O2 and radicals, which are the driving force of cloud chemistry. In order to understand how the bacterium Pseudomonas graminis isolated from cloud water respond to this oxidative stress, it was incubated in microcosms containing a synthetic solution of cloud water in the presence or in the absence of H2O2. P. graminis metabolome was examined by LC-MS and NMR after 50 min and after 24 hours of incubation. After 50 min, the cells were metabolizing H2O2 while this compound was still present in the medium, and it was completely biodegraded after 24 hours. Cells exposed to H2O2 had a distinct metabolome as compared to unexposed cells, revealing modulations of certain metabolic pathways in response to oxidative stress. These data indicated that the regulations observed mainly involved carbohydrate, glutathione, energy, lipid, peptides and amino-acids metabolisms. When cells had detoxified H2O2 from the medium, their metabolome was not distinguishable anymore from unexposed cells, highlighting the capacity of resilience of this bacterium. This work illustrates the interactions existing between the cloud microbial metabolome and cloud chemistry.
Active behaviour during early development shapes glucocorticoid reactivity
Authors: Castillo-Ramírez Luis A. , Ryu Soojin , De Marco Rodrigo J.
Published: September 2019

Glucocorticoids are the final effectors of the stress axis, with numerous targets in the central nervous system and the periphery. They are essential for adaptation, yet currently it is unclear how early life events program the glucocorticoid response to stress. Here we provide evidence that involuntary swimming at early developmental stages can reconfigure the cortisol response to homotypic and heterotypic stress in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio), also reducing startle reactivity and increasing spontaneous activity as well as energy efficiency during active behaviour. Collectively, these data identify a role of the genetically malleable zebrafish for linking early life stress with glucocorticoid function in later life.
Near-field acoustic manipulation in a confined evanescent Bessel beam
Authors: Gires Pierre-Yves , Poulain Cédric
Published: September 2019

We demonstrate the potential of using evanescent fields, instead of conventional propagating sound fields, to manipulate particles at micro or nano scale. We generate an evanescent acoustic Bessel beam in liquid above a thin, circular, asymmetrically excited plate. In the sub-MHz ultrasound domain, the resulting radiation force causes the particles to assemble at the pressure antinodes along concentric circles corresponding to the Bessel profile. By imposing an axial confinement in the evanescent region, the subwavelength two-plate sandwich system becomes resonant, increasing the radiation force magnitude. Resonances occur for some well-defined gaps for which whole numbers of antinodal circles are observed. Through fine tuning, particles as small as bacteria can be patterned. Further amplification can be obtained by trapping a microbubble in the Bessel beam axis. As we show, this resonant bubble, which acts as an acoustic magnet, can be used to efficiently capture or repel nearby micro-particles.
The sound of Bell states
Authors: Hasan M. Arif , Calderin Lazaro , Lata Trevor , Lucas Pierre , Runge Keith , Deymier Pierre A.
Published: September 2019

Nonseparable states, analogous to “entangled” states, have generated great scientific interest since the very beginning of quantum mechanics. To date, however, the concept of “classical nonseparability” has only been applied to nonseparable states of different degrees-of-freedom in laser beams. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the preparation and tunability of acoustic nonseparable states, i.e. Bell states, supported by coupled elastic waveguides. A Bell state is constructed as a superposition of elastic waves, each a tensor product of a spinor part and an orbital angular momentum (OAM) part, which cannot be factored as a single tensor product. We also find that the amplitude coefficients of the nonseparable superposition of states must be complex. By tuning these complex amplitudes, we are able to experimentally navigate a sizeable portion of the Bell state’s Hilbert space. The current experimental findings open the door to the extension of classical nonseparability to the emerging field of phononics.
A new colorimetric assay method for the detection of anti-hepatitis C virus antibody with high sensitivity
Authors: Gao Tao , Chai Wenxin , Shi Liu , Shi Hai , Sheng Anzhi , Yang Jie , Li Genxi
Published: September 2019

A sensitive colorimetric assay method has been proposed for the detection of antibody by specifically assembling tandemly repeated DNAzymes on its “Y”-shaped structure, which has been used to determine anti-HCV Ab in serum with high sensitivity.
A multiplexed FRET aptasensor for the simultaneous detection of mycotoxins with magnetically controlled graphene oxide/Fe3O4 as a single energy acceptor
Authors: Wang Chengquan , Huang Xingyi , Tian Xiaoyu , Zhang Xiaorui , Yu Shanshan , Chang Xianhui , Ren Yi , Qian Jing
Published: September 2019

A multiplexed FRET aptasensor was developed for the simultaneous detection of AFB1 and FB1 with magnetically controlled GO/Fe3O4 as a single energy acceptor.
Trapping of chiral enolates generated by Lewis acid promoted conjugate addition of Grignard reagents to unreactive Michael acceptors by various electrophiles
Authors: Vargová Denisa , Pérez Juana M. , Harutyunyan Syuzanna R. , Šebesta Radovan
Published: September 2019

Chiral enolates generated by asymmetric Cu-catalyzed and Lewis acid promoted conjugate addition of Grignard reagents to unsaturated amides, alkenylheterocycles, and carboxylic acids are trapped with cations, activated alkenes, or bromine.
2Ch–2N square and hexagon interactions: a combined crystallographic data analysis and computational study
Authors: Lu Yunxiang , Li Wenxia , Yang Weiwei , Zhu Zhengdan , Xu Zhijian , Liu Honglai
Published: September 2019

2Ch–2N square and hexagon interactions were extensively investigated by the combination of crystallographic data analysis and computational approaches.
Synthesis of tri-substituted allyl alcoholsviaa copper/iron co-catalyzed cascade perfluoroalkylation/rearrangement of aryl propynyl ethers
Authors: He Wei , Yu Jipan , Wang Dawei , Ran Guoxia , Xia Xiao-Feng
Published: September 2019

A copper/iron co-catalyzed fluoroalkylation of aryl propynyl ethers for the synthesis of perfluoroalkylated tri-substituted allyl alcohol derivatives is reported.
Development of functionalized core–shell nanohybrid/synthetic rubber nanocomposites with enhanced performance
Authors: Liu Jingbiao , Wang Zhenqing , Li Shuzhou , Teng Jianxin , Min Benzhi
Published: September 2019

Regulating the interfacial interaction between fillers and matrices is crucial for fabricating high-performance polymer composites.
A search for extra-high brightness laser-driven color converters by investigating thermally-induced luminance saturation
Authors: Xu Yirong , Li Shuxing , Zheng Peng , Wang Le , You Shihai , Takeda Takashi , Hirosaki Naoto , Xie Rong-Jun
Published: September 2019

Clarification of thermal saturation helps to guide the design of high-brightness yellow and green components for laser lighting and displays.
Understanding User Reactions and Interactions With an Internet-Based Intervention for Tinnitus Self-Management: Mixed-Methods Evaluation
Authors: Greenwell Kate , Sereda Magdalena , Coulson Neil S. , Hoare Derek J.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Internet-based interventions have the potential to reduce the disparity in access to psychological therapy that people with tinnitus currently experience. One example is the Tinnitus E-Programme, which, although freely available online, has not yet been formally evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate past, current, and new users' reactions and interactions with the Tinnitus E-Programme.

Method

Study 1 used an online survey to gather past and current users' reactions to, and interactions with, the intervention (
n
= 27). Study 2 used interviews and a relaxation log to assess how new users implemented the skills they learned into their everyday lives (
n
= 13).

Results

Generally, users expressed positive views on the intervention content and design features. Users particularly valued the education about tinnitus and its management and the relaxation skills training, and use of these components was high. In contrast, user reactions to self-monitoring tools, an online support forum, and therapist support were mixed, and use was lower. Implementation was limited by instances of poor usability and accessibility, user engagement, and adherence to relaxation goals. Users' perceptions of the intervention's credibility and relevance and beliefs regarding a negative impact on their tinnitus influenced engagement. Users in both studies identified several benefits gained, including functional and emotional management, self-efficacy for managing and coping with tinnitus, understanding tinnitus and its management, social support, and acceptance of tinnitus.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that the intervention was acceptable to its target group but also highlighted some areas for improvement. These findings will be used to inform further optimization work.
GNSS pseudorange and time‐differenced carrier phase measurements least‐squares fusion algorithm and steady performance theoretical analysis
Authors: Qian Nijia , Chang Guobin , Gao Jingxiang
Published: September 2019

In Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) community, pseudorange observables, without integer ambiguity, have large measurement noise, while carrier phase observables, with high measurement accuracy, have integer ambiguity, which restricts the direct use either of them for high‐accuracy navigation and positioning. In this regard, fusing pseudorange and ambiguity‐free time‐differenced carrier phase (TDCP) is a popular data processing technique. In this Letter, the least‐squares fusion is studied. A theoretical analysis of the steady performance of this fusion is conducted. A set of formulas of the steady performance is derived, based on which simulations are carried out for different pseudorange‐carrier‐phase precision ratios. Results showed that the steady accuracy of fusion pseudorange is about two orders of magnitude higher than that of the original pseudorange, and is close to that of carrier phase observables. Besides, the convergence speed and the comparison to the Hatch filter are also checked in the simulations.
Miniaturised preparation of polymeric nanoparticles using droplet manipulation on open surfaces
Authors: Abualsayed Alsaeed M. , Abouelmagd Sara A. , Abdelgawad Mohamed
Published: September 2019

A digital microfluidics platform for the preparation of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) was developed. Droplets of PLGA in dimethylformamide were merged with droplets of deionised water by electrical actuation on a digital microfluidics device to form PLGA NPs through nanoprecipitation. The developed platform is automated and allows for the preparation of polymeric NPs with small size and high uniformity. Using the platform, the authors were able to prepare monodisperse PLGA NPs as small as 115 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.14 which can be challenging with conventional preparation techniques on the macroscale. Size of the prepared NPs can be tuned through proper choice of the volume ratio between the two merged droplets which controls the induced internal convection flow after merging. Concentration of PLGA in the dimethylformamide droplet also had an effect on the size and polydispersity of the formed NPs. These results prove the potential use of digital microfluidics for testing combinatorial synthesis of different polymeric NPs for various applications. This approach allows robust and automated screening of NP preparations using only few microlitres of the reagents used, thus conserving precious and costly NP components and loaded therapeutic agents.
Jammern und Klagen: Stressfaktor Nummer
eins
Authors: Jürgens Ute
Published: September 2019

Der Kollege hat an allem etwas auszusetzen – egal, um wen oder was es geht. Die
Patienten sind unfreundlich, die Chefin kümmert sich um nichts, die Kollegin ist
zu langsam und der Praktikant schreibt die Protokolle zu umständlich. Manche
Menschen sind vom Pessimismus regelrecht befallen und nörgeln den ganzen Tag.
Leider ist eine Nörgelhaltung bei Personen im eigenen Umfeld ansteckend.
Adulte Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörungen und Persönlichkeitsstörungen
Authors: Jacob Christian
Published: September 2019

Betroffene von adulte Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörungen (aADHS) weisen hohe Komorbidität mit Persönlichkeitsstörungen aus allen 3 Clustern auf, dem eigentümlich-exzentrischen Cluster A, dem emotional-launischen Cluster B und dem ängstlich-furchtsamen Cluster C. Die Komorbidität von aADHS und Persönlichkeitsstörungen ist sowohl in klinischen als auch in nicht klinischen Stichproben deutlich erhöht. Inkonsistent sind die Befunde, welche der Cluster B Persönlichkeitsstörungen dissoziale, Borderline, histrionische oder narzisstische Persönlichkeitsstörungen die höchste Komorbidität aufweisen. Die Komorbiditätsbeziehungen werden kontrovers diskutiert. Es gibt Hinweise auf eine hohe psychosoziale Relevanz der Komorbidität von aADHS mit Persönlichkeitsstörungen.
Wie geht’s weiter, wenn wir an unsere Grenzen
kommen?
Authors: Mark Alexander , Heinicke Tobias
Published: September 2019

Die Arbeit von Intensivpflegenden ist mit vielfältigen Belastungen verknüpft.
Regelmäßige Besprechungen im multidisziplinären Team können helfen, mit
schwierigen Situationen umzugehen. Ein Team der Uniklinik Erlangen hat dazu ein
Ampel-System eingeführt, mit dessen Hilfe jeder Mitarbeiter schwierige
Situationen benennen kann, die in der Folge nach Dringlichkeit abgestuft,
systematisch und verbindlich im Team besprochen werden.
Empfehlungen zur systemischen Therapie des metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinoms 2019
Authors: Kröger Nils , Merseburger Axel S. , Bedke Jens
Published: September 2019

Für die Behandlung des metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinoms steht eine Vielzahl an Medikamenten für die Systemtherapie zur Verfügung. Diese werden sowohl in der Erst- als auch Zweitlinientherapie und in späteren Linien eingesetzt. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit beschreibt die in Deutschland zugelassenen Medikamente der Tyrosinkinase-, mTOR- und Immuncheckpointinhibition für die Systemtherapie des metastasierten klarzelligen Nierenzellkarzinoms und gibt eine Empfehlung für deren klinischen Einsatz aufgrund der vorhanden Phase II- und Phase III-Studiendaten. Des Weiteren werden detailliert die potenziellen Nebenwirkungen der einzelnen Substanzen beschrieben.
Geschlecht: Die Magie der Anisogamie
Authors: Villa Paula-Irene
Published: September 2019

Der Beitrag setzt sich mit den Argumenten und Studien auseinander, die Ponseti
und Stirn aufbringen. Ihnen wird ein biologischer Reduktionismus bescheinigt,
der paradoxerweise das Unbehagen an der identitäts-subjektiven Engführung von
Geschlecht durch eine spiegelbildliche Engführung von Geschlecht auf Anisogamie
wiederholt. Als bessere Alternative wird ein biosoziales Verständnis von
Geschlecht skizziert, das der empirischen Komplexität von Geschlechtlichkeit
sowie dessen (Un-)verfügbarkeit besser gerecht wird.
Schwierigkeiten bei der Interpretation von
Längsschnittstudien bei Menschen mit Geschlechtsinkongruenz oder
Geschlechtsdysphorie: Ein Kommentar zu Ponseti und Stirn (2019)
Authors: Strauß Bernhard , Nieder Timo O.
Published: September 2019

Der Kommentar nimmt Bezug auf die von Ponseti und
Stirn (2019) formulierte Kritik an der S3-Leitlinie zur Diagnostik,
Beratung und Behandlung bei Geschlechtsinkongruenz, Geschlechtsdysphorie und
Trans-Gesundheit. Dabei problematisieren wir zunächst die begriffliche
Gleichsetzung von Transsexualismus auf der einen mit Geschlechtsinkongruenz und
Geschlechtsdysphorie auf der anderen Seite. Im Anschluss diskutieren wir die
unzulässigen Schlüsse, die Ponseti und Stirn aus den Befunden einzelner
Katamnesestudien ziehen und argumentieren, dass die genannten Befunde keine
Rückschlüsse auf die Wirksamkeit der Behandlung des Transsexualismus zulassen,
sondern ausschließlich die Gesundheit von trans Personen nach multimodaler
geschlechtsangleichender Behandlung beschreiben. Schließlich stellen wir die
Überlegungen infrage, die die Autor_innen zur Psychotherapie des
Transsexualismus in ihrem Beitrag äußern.
A case of bulky pseudohyperplastic prostatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Narita Tomoya , Kondo Atsuya , Maeda Motohiro , Funahashi Yasuhito , Tanaka Kuniaki , Gotoh Momokazu
Published: September 2019

A 67-year-old male with a pelvic mass 13 × 7 cm in dimension was diagnosed with a pseudohyperplastic prostatic adenocarcinoma via mass biopsy. Androgen-deprivation therapy was remarkably effective, resulting in rapid tumor shrinkage.
Synthesis of a Contrapositionally Substituted Cyclohexa-meta-phenylene: A Ready-to-Use Precursor for Cyclohexa-meta-phenylene-Based Materials
Authors: Arshad Ifzan , Saeed Aamer , Channar Pervaiz Ali , Shehzadi Syeda Aaliya , Irfan Rana Muhammad
Published: September 2019

A contrapositionally substituted derivative of cyclohexa-meta-phenylene ([6]CMP) was synthesized by an intramolecular Yamamoto coupling reaction of an appropriate terphenyl unit containing a trimethylsilyl substituent. Iododesilylation of the trimethylsilyl groups of the product with iodine monochloride was used to incorporate iodo groups, an important functionality for metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. The iodo groups were also converted into a (pinacolato)boryl groups, another important functionality for coupling reactions. The diborylated [6]CMP is expected to be a versatile potential comonomer and a precursor for the synthesis of CMP-based materials. The synthetic route to the disubstituted [6]CMP included lithiation, Pd-catalyzed borylation, Suzuki coupling, and Yamamoto coupling. The structure of the product was established by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
Of Cestodes and Men: Surgical Treatment of a Spinal Hydatid Cyst
Authors: Saul Dominik , Seitz Mark-Tilmann , Weiser Lukas , Oberthür Swantje , Roch Jonathan , Bremmer Felix , Perske Christina , Viezens Lennart , Sehmisch Stephan , Lehmann Wolfgang
Published: September 2019

Background The cestode Echinococcus granulosus causes hydatid disease. In addition to manifestations in the liver and lung, it can lead to cystic lesions in the spine.

Case Description We report a 42-year-old male patient with primary hydatid disease in the eighth thoracic vertebra. The only clinical symptom was chronic back pain. Although laboratory findings were normal, imaging displayed lytic destruction that raised the suspicion of a metastatic disease. Diagnostics of the thoraces and abdomen did not reveal other pathologic abnormalities. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) depicted a progressive compression of the spinal cord and inhomogeneous structure in the fat-suppressed sequences. Because the Jamshidi biopsy was inconclusive, the tumor board recommended surgery. Dorsal decompression, spondylodesis of T6–T10, and vertebral column resection of T8 with complete cyst removal were performed. The resected vertebrae showed a mucous-like lesion with white granular tissue interfusing the whole vertebral body. A pathologic examination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed E. granulosus. Thus chemotherapy with albendazole was initiated. A follow-up MRI of the whole spine confirmed complete remission and found no additional resettlements. The patient's back pain was resolved without neurologic deficits.

Conclusions For lytic manifestations of the vertebral column, hydatid cysts should be considered a differential diagnosis in addition to malignant metastasis, tuberculosis, and osteomyelitis. Thorough surgical resection and strict follow-up are necessary.
Sub-Bandage Pressure in the Canine Forelimb after Rigid Splint Application by Surgeons and Veterinary Students
Authors: Vitt Molly A. , Wingert Daniel C. , Conzemius Michael G.
Published: September 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to measure and compare sub-bandage pressures after a rigid splint was applied to the forelimb of a dog by surgeons and veterinary students.

Animals One, adult, Labrador Retriever.

Methods Sub-bandage pressure was measured at five locations on the limb of a dog using a previously validated pneumatic compression measurement system over a 4-hour period after splint application. All participants received the same instructions and the same dog was used for each splint application.

Results Across time and location, mean sub-bandage pressures from the experienced group were significantly greater than those from the inexperienced group at all transducer locations and at all time points. People from the inexperienced group recorded the greatest range in sub-bandage pressures and had significantly higher-pressure differences across the five locations sub-bandage pressure was measured.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Surgeons applied their splint bandages with approximately 50% greater pressure and 50% less variability between locations. The large range in sub-bandage pressures found may suggest that decreased and/or increased sub-bandage pressure may predispose to bandage complications.
Children with Hirschsprung's Disease and Syndromes with Cognitive Dysfunction: Manifestations, Treatment, and Outcomes
Authors: Hedbys Josefine , Hasserius Johan , Granéli Christina , Arnbjörnsson Einar , Hagelsteen Kristine , Stenström Pernilla
Published: September 2019

Introduction To assess differences in initial symptoms, treatments, and bowel function between children with Hirschsprung's disease (HD) with or without a cognitive dysfunction (CD).

Materials and Methods The study included children with HD who underwent transanal endorectal pull-through. A retrospective chart review was performed to collect data on patient characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment. Data on bowel symptoms in children older than 4 years without a colostomy were compiled during a cross-sectional, patient-reported follow-up.

Results Fifty-three children with HD were included; of these, 12 (23%) had CD. The median birth weight was lower, frequency of vomiting as the presenting symptom was lower, and time until the first contact with a pediatric surgeon was higher in children with CD than in those without (3,295 vs. 3,623 g, p = 0.013; 28 vs. 66%, p = 0.02; and 4 days vs. 1 day, p = 0.048, respectively). At follow-up, 5 (15%) of 33 children aged over 4 years had CD. More children without CD had some ability to hold back defecation and sense the urge to defecate than those with CD (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion HD children who have CD present with different initial symptoms, have a delay in the first consultation with a pediatric surgeon, and experience poorer bowel function outcomes than HD children without CD. Therefore, HD children with CD should receive special attention in both clinical practice and research.
Wound Infection after Laparoscopic-Assisted Gastrostomy in Infants
Authors: Burman Linnéa , Diaz Maia , Viktorsdóttir Margrét Brands , Sjövie Helen , Stenström Pernilla , Salö Martin , Arnbjörnsson Einar Ólafur
Published: September 2019

Background Gastrostomy placement in children is one of the most frequently performed pediatric surgical procedures and laparoscopic-assisted gastrostomy (LAG) is the preferred technique. Wound infection after LAG has become a significant concern due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of wound infection after LAG in children younger than 2 years of age and to identify the associated risk factors and the bacterial species involved.

Methods Information about wound infection, results from bacterial cultures, and type of antibiotic treatment used within 30 postoperative days after LAG were compiled for infants who underwent LAG from 2010 to 2017. A retrospective chart review was performed. Data was compiled from charts and from an electronic database containing prospectively collected data. A multivariate logistic analysis was used to explore potential risk factors. Preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis and postoperative local wound care were conducted according to standard procedures.

Results The 141 included infants underwent surgery at a median age of 10 months (range: 1–24). Thirty-eight (27%) patients had a clinically determined wound infection, bacteria were cultured from 26/38 (69%), and 30/38 (79%) received antibiotic treatment. The median interval from surgery to detection of a clinical wound infection was 14 days (range: 4–30). The most common microbes discovered were skin bacteria Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, but respiratory and intestinal bacteria were also found. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed no independent risk factors for infection such as age, gender, or underlying diagnosis.

Conclusion Infants have a high rate of postoperative clinical wound infection after LAG despite the use of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis and intense local wound care. Gender, age at operation, and previous diagnoses were not found to be independent risk factors for wound infection.
Krankenhausplanung: Gütersloher Streichkonzert
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: September 2019

Das war starker Tobak: Nur eine drastische Reduzierung der Klinikzahl könne die medizinische Versorgung der Patienten in Deutschland verbessern, besagt eine Studie der Bertelsmann-Stiftung. Dafür brauche es deutlich weniger als 600 Kliniken. Seitdem wird heftig diskutiert.
Katholisches Klinikum Oberhausen: Aus für St. Josef
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: September 2019

Millionenverluste über mehrere Jahre haben das Katholische Klinikum Oberhausen (KKO) in die Insolvenz getrieben. Die Reserven sind aufgebraucht. Jetzt wird einer von drei Standorten aufgegeben – und jede zehnte Stelle fällt weg. An potenziellen Investoren mangelt es nicht – mehr als 20 stehen offenbar bereit.
CMS Berlin 2019: Hygiene im Gesundheitswesen hat oberste Priorität
Authors: Rogall Wolfgang
Published: September 2019

Produkte, Systeme und Verfahren sowie ein umfassendes Rahmenprogramm: Die CMS Berlin 2019 informiert gezielt zur Reinigung und Hygiene im Gesundheitswesen.