bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Medida Cautelar de la Detención con Fines de Investigación y el Derecho Fundamental a la Defensa Línea de Investigación
Authors: Merino Ajila Francisco Javier
Published: April 2024

La institución jurídica de la detención con fines de investigación constituye una medida cautelar de tipo personal y con carácter excepcional. Su funcionalidad procesal se reduce a la recepción de versiones, deslegitimando el carácter garantista de ultima ratio del moderno sistema acusatorio. La importancia y necesidad jurídica del estudio analítico de la problemática expuesta, se concreta en determinar la afectación jurídica de la garantía del debido proceso, en el derecho fundamental a la defensa, a causa de la diligencia procesal de la detención con fines de investigación.  A consecuencia de este procedimiento el juzgador, a petición del fiscal, convoca a una audiencia de formulación de cargos, siendo su instalación de forma inmediata, imposibilitando el efectivo derecho a la defensa del investigado, por no contar con al menos setenta y dos (72) horas de anticipación, tal como lo prescribe el artículo 575 numeral 1 del Código Orgánico Integral Penal. En el desarrollo de la investigación se utilizan los métodos científicos deductivo-inductivo, analítico-sintético y hermenéutico jurídico. Los resultados obtenidos por medio de la aplicación de la entrevista, corroboraron la conjetura hipotética de que la diligencia procesal de la detención con fines de investigación, tensiona el derecho fundamental a la defensa.
REDLINE– An Application on Blood Management
Authors: James Akash , Kumar Kollu Praveen , Kumar Pokuri Pavan , Pavan Uriti Lalithya
Published: April 2024

Accidents nowadays are not so uncommon. In some cases, the person met with an accident may have a severe loss of blood and be in serious need of blood. The existing apps for blood donation only focus on registering the person with the app and the rest of the donors so that there will be an initiation for communication in between the donor and patient. This app in our abstract alerts all the nearby hospitals of the location of the accident to make ready the respective blood if it is available and if not, notify the rest of the donors available in the app. All the user needs to do is press the SOS button. The app uses GPS tracking for location and a real-time database for registering and holding the user details.
IoT Based Soil pH Detection and Crop Recommendation System
Authors: R Prabavathi , P Subha , M Bhuvaneswari , V Prithisha , K Roshini
Published: April 2024

Agricultural productivity hinges on soil fertility, influenced by key factors like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, pH level, and soil moisture. Yet, achieving optimal crop growth is challenging due to limited farmer knowledge and difficulties in determining precise fertilizer quantities. Conventional soil analysis methods involve manual sampling andcostly lab tests, which are subjective. To address this, aproposed solution integrates IoT-enabled soil nutrient monitoring with machine learning algorithms for croprecommendations. Sensors collect data on crucial parameters like nitrogen, phosphorus, and soil temperature, transmitting it to a cloud-based database. Machine learning analyzes this data to suggest ideal crops, minimizing fertilizer use, reducing labor, and enhancing overall productivity. This innovative approach streamlines crop selection, minimizing unnecessary inputs while maximizing yields. By harnessing IoT and machine learning, farmers gain valuable insights into soil health, enabling precise fertilization and crop selection. This not only boosts agricultural productivity but also contributes to economic growth by fostering sustainable practices andincreased yields.
Advancing Opthalmic Diagnostics: U-Net for Retinal Blood Vessel Segmentation
Authors: Suresh M. , Likhitha G. , Yogeeswar G. , Kalyan B. Sasank , Bhavana Ch. Lakshmi
Published: April 2024

This research project focuses on the development and evaluation of an advanced algorithm for retinal vessel segmentation, a critical component in the automated analysis of retinal images for diagnosing ocular diseases. Leveraging state-of-the-art image processing techniques and deep learning models, we propose a novel segmentation algorithm that significantly enhances the accuracy and efficiency of identifying retinal blood vessels from fundus photographs. Our methodology encompasses a comprehensive data preparation phase, including image normalization and augmentation, to improve the model's robustness and generalizability. We implemented a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based architecture optimized for the intricate patterns and variations inherent in retinal images. The performance of our algorithm was rigorously evaluated against established benchmarks, demonstrating superior precision, recall, and a higher Dice coefficient compared to existing methods. These findings indicate the potential of our approach to contribute substantially to the early detection and monitoring of ocular conditions such as diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. The research underscores the importance of advanced computational techniques in enhancing the diagnostic capabilities of retinal image analysis and sets the stage for future innovations in medical imaging.
Hospital Innovations for the Next Decade
Authors: Chodhari Rahul , Chakravorty Indranil
Published: April 2024

Ultimately, healthcare innovation leads to improved clinical care, with new technology improving healthcare efficiency, effectiveness, quality, and affordability. With ever-increasing demand on health systems worldwide, the ultimate goal of healthcare innovation is to improve the ability to meet public and personal healthcare needs through the optimization of health systems' performance. In this article, we will discuss hospital-based innovation within the next decade that yields scalable solutions within the fields of preventative, treatment, and infection control healthcare innovation.
 
Governments face tough choices since medical innovations hold promises and perils. These innovations occur across multiple dimensions, including core sciences, drug development, care delivery, and organizational and business models. In particular, medical technology-related innovations are blossoming, with medical technology patents more numerous and growing faster than pharmaceutical patents over the last decade.
Despite this enormous investment in innovation and the magnitude of the opportunity for innovators to both do good and do well, all too many efforts fail, losing billions of investor resources along the way. [1] Barriers to disruptive innovation are often the public themselves acting through fear, enacting stringent regulation, supported by established professionals afraid to lose income and hospitals their investment in expensive systems. [2]
Integrating Ayurveda with Modern Medicine for Enhanced Patient Care
Authors: Gupta Rajeev
Published: April 2024

Modern or Western medicine is often the first-line healthcare option due to a strong evidence base, a scientific, systematic approach, and well-defined generalizability of therapies to certain populations. However, this disease-focused model has several limitations, such as no cure for all diseases and the high cost of care. On the other hand, Ayurveda, an ancient system of medicine originating in India, has a holistic approach that emphasizes prevention and lifestyle modification, offers a low-cost model, encourages patient empowerment, and promises significant benefits for generalized healthcare. The integration of the two systems can lead to better patient care. However, Ayurveda also has limitations, and the integration with modern medicine faces barriers such as a lack of rigorous scientific research, standardisation and quality control issues, regulatory hurdles, cultural differences or prejudices, and a paucity of trained practitioners in the West. To overcome these barriers, this paper proposes strategies such as promoting rigorous research, developing stringent standards for Ayurvedic practices and products, regulatory reforms, education and training, and promoting integrative medicine. These strategies aim to bring together the best of both worlds for enhanced patient care.
Impact of Premenstrual Syndrome on Productivity in a Pressure Cooker Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Sellamuthu Hariraj , Anjani Kumar
Published: April 2024

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a condition that affects a woman's emotions, physical health, and behaviour during certain days of the menstrual cycle, generally just before her menses. Past studies show that PMS harms daily activities. This study assessed the impact of PMS on work-related quality of life.
Objectives: The study aims to conduct a premenstrual syndrome assessment, assess its impact on productivity, and provide a baseline premenstrual syndrome and Work-Related Quality of Life assessment so that subsequent assessments can be compared and interpreted. The study also aims to link the effectiveness of control measures, welfare programs, and employee engagement, promoting employee well-being and individual productivity.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the women employees of a pressure cooker manufacturing company. 71 eligible women employees were included in this study. Screening for premenstrual syndrome was done using a validated premenstrual syndrome (PMSS Scale), and the impact of premenstrual syndrome was assessed using a work-related quality of life scale (WRQoL).
Results: Around 23% of participants had premenstrual syndrome, and 75% had good work-related quality of life. Around 88% of the study participants without premenstrual syndrome had good work-related quality of life, whereas among the participants with premenstrual syndrome, around 36% only had good WRQoL.
Conclusions: This study’s results showed that one in four women employed had premenstrual syndromes. The majority of the participants had good work-related quality of life, but women employees with PMS had significantly lower quality of life.
Comparison of Dentinal Defects Induced by Rotary, Reciprocating, and Hand Files in Oval Shaped Root Canal - An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Branawal Harakh Chand , Mittal Neelam , Rani Prachi , Ayubi Aiyman , Samad Silviya
Published: April 2024

Aim:

To evaluate and compare the formation of dentinal defects using hand Hedstrom files, XP-Shaper, TruNatomy, and Reciproc Blue file systems when used for oval shaped root canals.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and five extracted human mandibular premolars with single root and oval canals were selected for the study. Twenty-one teeth were unprepared (control), and the remaining teeth were divided into the prepared groups (n = 21), that is, Group H-Files, Group XP-Shaper, Group TruNatomy, and Group Reciproc Blue. All selected teeth were de-coronated perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth by using a diamond-coated disk with water cooling, leaving root segments approximately 16 mm in length. Each group was prepared according to the above file system. Then all roots were sectioned perpendicular to their long axes at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex using a diamond-coated disk under a continuous water stream. Each specimen was then checked for the presence of dentinal defects/microcracks.

Result:

The XP-Endo shaper group had the lowest number of defects (01/21 roots) 4.7%; TN (04/21) 19%, H-Files (04/21) 19%, and RC Blue (05/21) 23.8% had the highest incidence of defects. However, no significant difference was detected among these groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The motor-driven root canal instrumentation with rotary and reciprocating files and hand files may create microcracks in the radicular dentine, whereas the XP-Shaper file system produces minimal or less cracks compared to other tested rotary file systems and H-file instrumentation.
Ossifying Fibroma of Mandible - A Case Report
Authors: Jadaun Gargi , Rai A. Bhagwandas , Kharodia Saeeda , Gadhiya Viral
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Ossifying fibromas are rare, non-aggressive benign tumours of the bone, commonly involving the posterior mandible in middle-aged individuals with a female predilection.

Findings:

Clinical manifestations include asymptomatic expansion of the mandible with infrequent maxillary lesions, pain, malocclusion, and compromised quality of life including aesthetic perception. Owing to multiplicity of features, tendency of recurrence, and possibility of malignant transformation, the diagnosis, treatment, and post-operative management of ossifying fibroma are always a challenge.

Take-away Lessons:

Study aims to report a clinical case of extensive swelling involving the coronoid process and condyle on the right side to crossing the mid-line of the mandible with compromised functions and aesthetics. The article describes the clinical, histopathological, and radiological features of the case. The possible treatment and challenges encountered are discussed.
Correlation between Nasolabial Angle and Maxillary Incisors Inclination in 18–25-Year-Old Chhattisgarh Population Using Pre- and Post-Treatment Lateral Cephalograms: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Paryani Preeti , Agrawal Sunil S. , Chachada Achint , Jain Megha , Bothra Samkit , Shrivastava Shreya , Sahni Heena
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

One of the primary objectives of orthodontic treatment has been the enhancement of facial aesthetics. To obtain the perfect facial profile with aesthetic balance, knowledge of facial anatomy is essential. The diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic patients depend greatly on the examination of the soft tissue profile. Since the nasolabial angle is significantly affected by the inclination of the upper incisors, it is a frequently employed soft tissue parameter in orthodontic diagnosis.

Aim:

The study aimed to find out the correlation between the nasolabial angles with maxillary incisor inclination.

Materials and Methods:

In this retrospective study, 120 lateral cephalograms of orthodontic patients including males and females were traced. Their nasolabial angle and maxillary incisor inclination were calculated before and after orthodontic treatment.

Result:

The mean of pre- and post-treatment nasolabial angle was found to be 91.43° ± 14.008 and 97.93° ± 14.194, respectively. The mean of pre- and post-treatment incisor inclination was found to be 32.59° ± 7.290 and 23.98° ± 6.851, respectively. The gender-wise Pearson’s correlation (r) of nasolabial angle with incisor inclination for male and female was found to be -0.464 with a P value of 0.164 and -0.305 with a P value of 0.118, respectively. Overall Pearson’s correlation of nasolabial angle with incisor inclination was found to be -0.040 with a P value of 0.384.

Conclusion:

There is an insignificant negative correlation between nasolabial angle and incisor inclination in the Chhattisgarh population as well as among the two genders.
Diet’s Cariogenicity and Healthfulness Index (DCHI) - A Novel, Comprehensive Index for Children
Authors: Shanbhog Raghavendra , Chanchala H. P. , Srilatha K. T. , Madhu B. , Manjunatha S.N.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Realistic and tailored dietary advice plays a vital role in Preventive Dentistry. An appropriate diet analysis forms the basis for precise dietary advice. Analysis of diet for its cariogenicity is a complex process. Performing a meaningful diet analysis is a challenge in routine clinical practice. Currently, very few tools are available for clinicians to assess children’s diet relating to caries risk. The current scientific paper presents a novel index that assesses the cariogenicity and healthfulness of a child’s diet objectively and guides the professional to achieve pragmatic diet modification in the prevention of dental caries.

Methods:

Multi-disciplinary teams with a sample study population were involved in the initial structuring of Diet’s Cariogenicity and Healthfulness Index. To obtain cut-off values for cariogenicity of diet, a study was carried out with a sample of 774 children correlating diet diary with caries status. For statistics, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve closest to the ideal of 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity was applied.

Results:

ROC curve of 22.5 were plotted for diet scores for its cariogenicity. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of these cut-off values were 70 and 95, respectively.

Conclusions:

The current scientific paper presents a novel Diet’s Cariogenicity and Healthfulness Index that assesses the cariogenicity and healthfulness of a child’s diet objectively to guide the professional to achieve a logical diet modification.
Evaluation of Different Techniques of Working Length Determination in Comparison with CBCT
Authors: Srivastav Anubha , Chandra Ramesh , Siddiqui Shazia , Chowdhary Divya , Katiyar Alpana , Khan Rehan Ahmad
Published: April 2024

Aim:

To estimate the working length of teeth using conventional tactile technique, radiovisiography technique, Apex locator, and confirmation of working length by cone beam computed tomography technique.

Materials and Methods:

Forty patients with the age group between 20 and 50 years with irreversible pulpitis were included in this study. After taking a preoperative radiograph, the procedure was started. The cavity wall buildup was done using composite in the cases needed and then rubber dam application was done. The working length of mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canal was taken using cone beam computed tomography and this was considered as the standard value. Then using tactile method, length of the canal was measured using radiovisiographic software followed by apexlocator.

Result:

The Apex locator has showed best result as compared to tactile and radiovisiography.

Conclusion:

Apex locator values were closest to cone beam computed tomography working length measurement values and electronic apexlocator can be used efficiently as an alternative method for working length determination. The quality of various techniques according to ranks of working length determination was found to be Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) > Apexloc > Radiovisiography (RVG) > Tactile. Thus, Apex locator can be used as an alternative to cone beam computed tomography for working length determination.
Trios Lidisi Veneer, Transforming Smiles Using an Intraoral Scanner - A Case Report
Authors: Pandey Laxmi , Bhatt Akanksha , Samant Praveen Singh , Singh Jaya
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

The need to perform restorations with a natural appearance is one of the most challenging aspects of dentistry, and reproducing the colour of natural teeth in restorations is a clinical challenge due to the complex optical characteristics of dentition. Various procedures have been advocated in the literature to correct dental anomalies, particularly in the aesthetic region, such as tooth discoloration due to fluorosis or dentition spacing due to changes in tooth shape, such as peg laterals.

Clinical Applications:

Veneer are one of the most commonly used treatment modalities in such cases. As the use of ceramics necessitates the use of more opaque restorative materials or different thickness, obtaining adequate results in terms of the final colour of the restoration becomes increasingly difficult. The purpose of this study is to present a clinical case of smile rehabilitation in the anterior region with facets made of lithium disilicate, with the goal of achieving colour uniformity and demonstrating the benefits and achieving smile aesthetics.

Take-away Lessons:

Technological advancement such as intraoral scanner for impression making have significant improved the success of prosthesis. This case report presents conservative and aesthetic procedure in the management of closing the space in maxillary anterior region using lithium disilicate laminate veneers with trios software.
Evaluation of Platelet Parameters in Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Background of Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Ranjitham Packiaraj Selvajothi , Kuzhali Subramanian , Sumathy Muthu Ponnuswamy , Gnandeepam Santiago
Published: April 2024

Context:

The role of platelet parameters as markers of inflammation in various diseases is now in limelight. The interaction between cancer cells and platelets is a well-established phenomenon. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a premalignant disorder with a malignant transformation rate of 2–8%. This study aimed to evaluate platelet parameters in OSMF and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the background of OSMF. This cross-sectional study was performed using secondary data retrieved between January 2019 and December 2019 in the Department of Oral Pathology and the Hematology Laboratory.

Methods and Materials:

The data retrieved included 44 histopathologically proven OSCC in a background of OSMF (group III) and 36 OSMF (group II). The haematological parameters of these selected cases were retrieved from the Sysmex XN-1000 automated hematology analyser database. A control group (group I) comprises 50 subjects with normal (negative/unflagged) haematological parameters. All data were statistically analysed using SPSS 20.0. The significance level of tests was set at 5%.

Results:

The mean platelet volume (MPV) (9.60 [±0.95] P < 0.001), platelet distribution width (PDW) (10.45 [±1.9], P < 0.001), platelet large cell ratio (PLCR) (21.70 [±7.98], P < 0.001), and the ratio of mean platelet volume to total platelet count (MPV/PLT) (0.03 [0.01], P < 0.001) were lower in group III when compared to the other two groups.

Conclusions:

Platelet parameters may be used as indices in the OSCC in the background of OSMF. However, large-scale prospective studies are necessary to evaluate the utility of these parameters during the malignant transformation of OSMF, thereby encouraging prompt treatment to prevent morbidity and mortality.
Cranio-Caudal Identification and Preservation of Spinal Accessory Nerve during Modified Radical Neck Dissection
Authors: Waknis Pushkar P. , Dharamsi Ravina , Gawali Mrinal , Palanisami Divya
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

The spinal accessory nerve (SAN) is encountered during neck dissection surgeries and is at the highest risk for iatrogenic injury, which may lead to shoulder syndrome. This functional deformity can be avoided by preservation of SAN in modified radical neck dissection (MRND).

Description:

Many techniques are described in the literature for SAN preservation, one of which is the identification of Erb’s point and dissection in the posterior triangle where the SAN leaves the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle. However, this technique for identification and preservation of SAN requires a skilled and trained surgeon to avoid any iatrogenic injury to SAN.

Conclusion:

Therefore, a study was carried out on 30 patients to find if the cranio-caudal dissection of SAN helps in the preservation of the nerve during MRND surgeries at the beginner’s level.
Effect of Two Different Ultrafast Curing Exposure Durations on the Surface Hardness of Bulk Fill Composite - An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Shobana Shekar , Sujareetha Anandavelu , Balagopal Sundaresan , Kumar Sarath , Angusamy Sriganesh , Anisha Sebatni
Published: April 2024

Aim:

The aim of the present study is to assess the microhardness of resin-based composites (RBCs) cured with ultrafast curing mode at two different exposure durations.

Study Design:

This is an experimental in-vitro study. Forty-five cylindrical composite specimens were prepared to a dimension of 5 mm height and 4 mm diameter. Curing was done using three different exposure modes and duration with dual mode LED curing light as follows: Group I: Ultrafast curing mode for 1 second at 2300 mW/cm2 (n = 15); Group II: Ultrafast curing mode for 3 second at 2300 mW/cm2 (n = 15) and Group III: Standard exposure mode for 20 second at 1000 mW/cm2 (n = 15). Vicker’s microhardness measurement was done on both the curing and non-curing sides of the specimen using a motorised diamond-faced micro-indenter (Wilson Wolpwert, Germany) using a load of 50 gram and a dwell time of 30 second.

Statistical Analysis:

Kruskal Wallis ANOVA was used to test for difference between the three groups followed by Mann–Whitney U test for post-hoc analysis.

Results:

The microhardness values of the composite cured with a conventional curing unit were significantly higher than the ultrafast cured specimens.

Conclusion:

Low-intensity conventional curing lights were found to perform better than the high-intensity ultrafast curing units.
Correlation of Serum and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of Caspase-3 and Milk Fat Globule–Epidermal Growth Factor 8 on Gingival Health
Authors: Ravindran Manonmani Pavithra , Geetha A , Rajendran Sathish , Mahendra Jaideep , Jyothi M , Namasivayam Ambalavanan
Published: April 2024

Aim:

This study aimed to estimate and correlate the serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of caspase-3 and milk fat globule–epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) in healthy, gingivitis and generalised chronic periodontitis subjects.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 24 subjects were selected and divided into three groups. After recording the periodontal parameters (plaque index (PI), modified gingival index (MGI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL)), the serum and GCF samples were collected and the levels of caspase-3 and MFG-E8 were estimated using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA).

Results:

The mean values of PI, MGI, PD and CALs were significantly higher in group III when compared to group II and group I. The mean value of serum and GCF caspase-3 increased with increasing disease severity, whereas the mean serum and GCF values of MFG-E8 decreased with increasing severity of disease. Spearman’s correlation showed a strong positive correlation between the serum and GCF levels of caspase-3 and periodontal parameters, whereas serum and GCF levels of MFG-E8 showed a strong negative correlation with the periodontal parameters.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study are suggestive that the serum and GCF levels of caspase-3 and MFG-E8 could serve as a potential biomarker for the role of apoptosis in periodontal disease. However, further studies are required to explore the mechanism and understand the relationship between these apoptotic markers and periodontitis.
A Changing Trend in Pattern of Maxillofacial Trauma in Mumbai: A Prospective Study
Authors: Nikunj Anand , Ingole Snehal N. , Kazi Noaman N. , Kujur Shirish , Deshpande Mohan D. , Ranadive Pallavi A.
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Maxillofacial skeleton is the most vulnerable site for trauma due to its prominence. The aim of our study was to analyse the cause and pattern of maxillofacial injuries & to correlate the aetiology and pattern of facial injury.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective study includes 304 patients with facial trauma, who reported to our institute within a time span of 2 years. Data were collected on basis of sociodemographic status plus additional data obtained on type of injury, aetiology, location and status of the victim.

Result:

The most frequent cause of maxillofacial trauma (MFT) was fall (43.3%) followed by RTA (34.2%) and assault (15.1%). In upper 3rd face region frontal bone fracture was prevalent with 1.3%, while in the midface, zygomatic complex (ZMC) fracture (3.9%) and in lower 3rd part of face, mandible fracture (42.8%) and dentoalveolar fracture (30.2%). Mandible was the most prevalent site for trauma. Although fall was the main aetiological factor in our study, midfacial injuries were mainly due to assault and RTA. Combination of mandibular fracture and soft tissue injury were mainly seen in RTA and injury due to fall. Conservative management was mainly employed for treatment with 46.1% followed by ORIF with 36.2%.

Conclusion:

Changing trend in aetiology of MFT was noted. Furthermore, study should be conducted for better understanding, and to carry out preventive measure for the same.
Periorbital Oedema Associated with Hypothyroidism – A Case Report
Authors: Noaman Bushra R. , Bazrgan Abdullah M.
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Pituitary microadenomas are said to be common, with an incidence of 27%. Hypothyroidism causing periorbital oedema (PO) remains rare in the literature, but it is still within the etiological factors.

Patient Concerns:

This study presents a 53-year-old patient who presented with PO and visited the dental clinic to exclude dental infection.

Diagnosis:

Based on the evaluation of proper haematological and radiological investigations, pituitary microadenoma was identified with an abrupt increase in the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level.

Follow-up:

The patient was followed with further studies to identify the primary cause of PO. It was concluded that the disruption in the drug regimen caused an increase in the TSH and led to PO rather than microadenoma.
Comparison between MIGS with trabeculectomy in the management of open-angle glaucoma with cataract: A systematic review
Authors: Zaifar Abritho , Pratomo Tiara Grevillea , Suryono Astrianda Nadya
Published: April 2024

Age is an important risk factor for both glaucoma and cataract. As global life expectancy continues to rise, the prevalence of concomitant open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and cataracts is increasing. Currently, there is a lack of definitive consensus on the optimal management approach for such individuals. Conventionally, trabeculectomy (Trab) in combination with phacoemulsification is the preferred method. Recent developments in microinvasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS), which offer similar results with fewer complications, provide a new possible approach to this condition. This study aimed to assess the current knowledge of combination surgery in patients with cataract and OAG to provide a comprehensive understanding and help its implementation in clinical settings. A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in May 2021 on five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, SCOPUS, Proquest, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library). The results were filtered for English and human studies but not publication year. All studies published up to May 2021 were reviewed. Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and PEDro scale were used to screen studies for risk of bias where appropriate. Four studies satisfied the inclusion criteria and were subsequently added in this review. Study designs consisted of one RCT and three descriptive studies. Appropriate assessment tools were used; these studies demonstrated moderate to good quality. Postoperative mean IOP, IOP reduction, and qualified success rates were comparable in the Phaco-MIGS (Phaco-endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP), Phaco-ab interno trabeculectomy (AIT)) and Phaco-Trab group. Severe complication was reported only in the latter. Phaco-MIGS (in particular, trabectome) shows excellent promise as an option for individuals with OAG and concomitant cataract; further research through RCT is required to validate these findings.
Investigation and analysis of the status of myopia and related behavior in children and adolescents in Northeast Sichuan
Authors: Wang Ying , Li Lan , Guo Gui-Lan , Chen Ming-Wu , Cha Lei-Lei , Liao Ji-Yun , Li Zhi-Yong , Zou Yun-Chun
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

In this study, we examined the current status of myopia among primary and secondary school children in northeastern Sichuan to analyze the factors connected to myopia and provide data support and a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of myopia.

Methods:

Using a cross-sectional study and a comprehensive sampling survey, 34,138 students aged 5–19 years were screened for refraction in 22 primary and secondary schools in Langzhong, and 4000 behavioral questionnaires were delivered at random. After evaluation and rational problem-solving, a total of 3764 valid questionnaires were obtained. SPSS 23.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.

Results:

The percentage of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Langzhong was 65.61%, with female students having a higher rate than male students (P< 0.05); 52.81% of primary school students, 86.26% of secondary school students, and 88.17% of high school students had myopia. The incidence of myopia detection increased with school age (P< 0.001), indicating a correlation between age and myopia prevalence. The prevalence of myopia was mainly low (40.53%) and moderate myopia (19.89%). The prevalence of high myopia (5.19%) was relatively high. The prevalence of myopia among female students (5.54%) was greater than that in male students (P< 0.05) and increased with age (P< 0.001). The proportion of students who wore eyeglasses was 24.36%, with a larger proportion of female students (25.93%) than male students (22.61%) (P< 0.001). In addition, the rate of eyeglass use increased with school age (P< 0.001). A logistic regression analysis revealed that higher grade point averages, female gender, and long-term usage of electronic items were risk factors for myopia. The results of the questionnaire survey revealed that students in this region were under immense pressure to perform well academically, spent a lot of time engaged in near-work activities, and had a low rate of myopia awareness; 24.43% of the students had not had a vision examination in the previous year, indicating that parents did not pay sufficient attention to eye health.

Conclusion:

The incidence of myopia among children and teenagers is high in Northeast Sichuan, and the outlook for addressing the problem is bleak. Therefore, it is critical to improve vision monitoring and eye health education.
Risk factor-based models to predict severe retinopathy of prematurity in preterm Thai infants
Authors: Najmuangchan Natthapicha , Ngerncham Sopapan , Piampradad Saranporn , Nunthanid Poonyawee , Tatritorn Dussadee , Amnartpanich Thipsukon , Limkongngam Nutchanok , Praikanarat Thanyaporn , Arjkongharn Niracha , Udompunthurak Suthipol , Atchaneeyasakul La-ongsri , Trinavarat Adisak
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

To develop prediction models for severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) based on risk factors in preterm Thai infants to reduce unnecessary eye examinations in low-risk infants.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study included preterm infants screened for ROP in a tertiary hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, between September 2009 and December 2020. A predictive score model and a risk factor-based algorithm were developed based on the risk factors identified by a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Validity scores, and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were reported.

Results:

The mean gestational age and birth weight (standard deviation) of 845 enrolled infants were 30.3 (2.6) weeks and 1264.9 (398.1) g, respectively. The prevalence of ROP was 26.2%. Independent risk factors across models included gestational age, birth weight, no antenatal steroid use, postnatal steroid use, duration of oxygen supplementation, and weight gain during the first 4 weeks of life. The predictive score had a sensitivity (95% CI) of 92.2% (83.0, 96.6), negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.2% (98.1, 99.6), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) of 0.1. The risk factor-based algorithm revealed a sensitivity of 100% (94, 100), NPV of 100% (99, 100), and NLR of 0. Similar validity was observed when “any oxygen supplementation” replaced “duration of oxygen supplementation.” Predictive score, unmodified, and modified algorithms reduced eye examinations by 71%, 43%, and 16%, respectively.

Conclusions:

Our risk factor-based algorithm offered an efficient approach to reducing unnecessary eye examinations while maintaining the safety of infants at risk of severe ROP. Prospective validation of the model is required.
Comparison of ranibizumab, aflibercept, and dexamethasone implant monotherapy in treatment-naive eyes with diabetic macular edema: A 12-month real-life experience
Authors: Parca Osman , Cetin Ebru N
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

To compare the functional and anatomical outcomes of ranibizumab, aflibercept, and dexamethasone implant monotherapy in treatment-naive eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) in real-life conditions.

Methods:

In this retrospective cohort study, data were obtained from the hospital database of treatment-naive patients diagnosed with DME with at least 12 months of follow-up. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) at baseline, third month, sixth month, ninth month, and 12th month were recorded. In addition, a subgroup analysis was performed based on having good (below 0.4 log of minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]) or poor (0.4 logMAR and above) vision.

Results:

A total of 219 eyes of 142 patients were included in the study. The change in the mean BCVA from baseline to 12th month was from 0.62 logMAR to 0.42 logMAR (P < 0.001) in the ranibizumab group, from 0.56 logMAR to 0.39 logMAR (P < 0.001) in the aflibercept group, and from 0.46 logMAR to 0.5 logMAR (P = 0.653) in the dexamethasone group. There was no significant difference between the treatment groups at any time point (P > 0.05). The mean amount of CRT change was statistically significant at 12 months in all groups (ranibizumab: -175.4 µm, aflibercept: -153.3 µm, dexamethasone: -71.4 µm) (P < 0.05). In eyes with initially good vision, the final BCVA at 12 months was significantly better in the ranibizumab group compared to the dexamethasone group (P = 0.008). The aflibercept group had better visual acuity than the dexamethasone group, but there was no statistically significant difference (P = 0.059). There was no significant difference in final BCVA in eyes with initially poor vision. No serious ocular/systemic complications were noted.

Conclusion:

At the 12th month, a significant decrease in CRT was achieved in all treatment groups, whereas only ranibizumab and aflibercept groups had a significant BCVA increase. In eyes with initially good vision, the final BCVA at 12 months was better in the ranibizumab group compared to the dexamethasone group, whereas it was similar in all groups having initially poor vision.
Serum GAS6, sAXL, IL-10, NO, and BCL-2 levels are decreased in patients with Behçet’s disease
Authors: Baskol Gulden , Yetkin Merve Ö. , Sevim Duygu G , Guclu Kenan , Arda Hatice , Saracoglu Hatice , Gahramanov Kamran , Evereklioglu Cem
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Behçet’s disease (BD) is an autoimmune chronic systemic inflammatory disease characterized by a versatile clinical spectrum. Growth arrest specific protein 6 (GAS6)/soluble AXL (sAXL) signaling pathway draws attention in the resolution of inflammation, and its deficiency is associated with chronic inflammatory, autoimmune diseases, as well as clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes – efferocytosis. In this study, it was aimed to investigate whether GAS6/sAXL, interleukin (IL)-10, nitric oxide (NO), and BCL-2 levels were associated with inflammation and efferocytosis contributes to the pathogenesis of BD.

Methods:

A total of 37 Behçet patients with ocular involvement and 30 healthy control subjects were included in this study. GAS6, sAXL, IL-10, NO, and BCL-2 levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.

Results:

Serum GAS6, sAXL, IL-10, NO, and BCL-2 levels were significantly lower in patients with BD compared to the controls (P < 0.005, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). In correlation analysis, research parameters decreased in patients with BD was significantly correlated with each other: GAS6–IL-10 (r = 0.585, P < 0.001), GAS6–BCL-2 (r = 0.541, P < 0.001), sAXL–BCL-2 (r = 0.696, P < 0.001), IL-10–NO (r = 0.717, P < 0.001), IL-10–BCL-2 (r = 0.759, P < 0.001), and NO–BCL-2 (r = 0.541, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, decreased serum BCL-2 level may be an indicator of increased apoptosis in these patients and decreased levels of GAS6/sAXL, IL-10, and NO may indicate insufficient clearance of apoptotic bodies released as a result of increased apoptosis in BD patients.
Evaluation of dynamic corneal response parameters and the biomechanical E-staging after Intacs® SK implantation in keratoconus
Authors: Flockerzi Elias , Berger Tim , Seitz Berthold , Hamon Loic , Daas Loay
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

This retrospective longitudinal study evaluated the biomechanical E-staging in KC corneas before and after intracorneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation (Intacs® SK, Addition Technology, Illinois, United States).

Methods:

Biomechanical E-staging for ectatic corneal diseases was applied retrospectively on 49 KC corneas of 41 patients who underwent ICRS implantation. The main outcome parameters included the Corvis Biomechanical Factor (CBiF, the linearized Corvis Biomechanical Index and the biomechanical parameters included), the resulting biomechanical E-staging, the stress-strain index, thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), maximal anterior keratometry (Kmax), and the anterior radius of curvature (ARC). They were evaluated at 1.9 ± 1.1 months preoperatively and postoperatively after 2.8 ± 0.7, 5.8 ± 1.0, and 10.6 ± 2.3 months.

Results:

The CBiF decreased (4.9 ± 0.5 | 4.7 ± 0.5, P = 0.0013), and the E-staging increased significantly (2.8 ± 0.8 | 3.1 ± 0.9, P = 0.0012, paired t-test) from preoperatively to the first postoperative follow-up. The difference remained significant after 6 months; however, there was no more difference after 11 months. TCT was stable, whereas Kmax and ARC significantly decreased after ICRS implantation (TCT: 464 ± 49, 470 ± 51, 467 ± 38, 461 ± 48; Kmax: 56.3 ± 4.5, 54.7 ± 4.5, 54.2 ± 4.8, 54.1 ± 4.3; ARC: 51.5 ± 3.4, 48.3 ± 3.8, 48.6 ± 3.0, 48.6 ± 3.2 preoperatively and 3, 6, and 11 months postoperatively, respectively). Besides Kmax and ARC, Ambrósio’s relational thickness to the horizontal profile (ARTh) was the only parameter that was significantly lower than preoperatively at any follow-up (P ≤ 0.0024, Wilcoxon matched-pairs test).

Conclusion:

Intacs® SK implantation results in an increasing biomechanical E-staging in the first postoperative months with stabilization near preoperative values after 1 year. Significantly lower ARTh values at any follow-up document the ICRS effect and contribute to a slightly higher postoperative biomechanical E-staging value.
A Design Optimization Process of Improving the Automotive Subframe
Dynamic Stiffness Using Tuned Rubber Mass Damper
Authors: Gao Jianghua , Zhang Xin , Yu Xiao
Published: April 2024

Automotive subframe is a critical chassis component as it connects with the
suspension, drive units, and vehicle body. All the vibration from the uneven
road profile and drive units are passed through the subframe to the vehicle
body. OEMs usually have specific component-level drive point dynamic stiffness
(DPDS) requirements for subframe suppliers to achieve their full vehicle NVH
goals. Traditionally, the DPDS improvement for subframes welded with multiple
stamping pieces is done by thickness and shape optimization. The thickness
optimization usually ends up with a huge mass penalty since the stamping panel
thickness has to be changed uniformly not locally. Structure shape and section
changes normally only work for small improvements due to the layout limitations.
Tuned rubber mass damper (TRMD) has been widely used in the automotive industry
to improve the vehicle NVH performance thanks to the minimum mass it adds to the
original structure. Therefore, this article establishes a design optimization
process utilizing the TRMD to improve the vehicle subframes DPDS more
efficiently. First, the subframe critical normal modes for the DPDS issue are
identified through modal participation factor analysis with the finite element
(FE) model of the subframe. A lumped mass–stiffness–damper mathematical model is
established by the TRMD and the identified critical modes. The parameter
correlation analysis is conducted through the simple math model. Thereafter,
parameter tuning is done based on the DOE study with an integrated FE model
composed of the subframe and the TRMD. Furthermore, a rubber steel-type TRMD is
built and verified virtually for demonstration. The proposed framework could
solve the component-level DPDS problems efficiently with minimum mass and cost
penalty compared to traditional methods. And it could be introduced into the
subframe early design stage to ensure a lightweight final design, which meets
all the component-level DPDS requirements.
Multiple shoot induction and plant regeneration of Staurogyne repens (Nees) Kuntze
Authors: Köse Merve Şifa Hane , Doğan Muhammet , Sadi Gökhan
Published: April 2024

Staurogyne repens (Nees) Kuntze is an aquatic plant belonging to Acanthaceae family. It is a valuable plant in the aquarium industry. Therefore, there has been a significant demand for this plant. This study was designed for multiple and efficient productions of S. repens under in vitro conditions. He used nodal meristems as the type of explant. Nodal meristems were preferred as explant type. The explants were transferred to Murashige and Skoog (MS) food media with TDZ single (0-1.50 mg/L) and TDZ (0.25-1.50 mg/L) + IAA (0.25 mg/L) combinations. In TDZ application, the most number of shoots per explant (15.36 shoots/explants) was recorded in cultures with 1.50 mg/L TDZ, while in TDZ + IAA application, the most number of shoots (9.44 shoots/explants) was determined in culture with 1.0 mg/L TDZ + 0.25 mg/L IAA. In general, shoot lengths in TDZ + IAA combination was measured higher than the single application of TDZ. The longest shoot (1.67 cm) was obtained in the culture medium with 1.0 mg/L TDZ + 0.25 mg/L IAA. The extended shoots were transposed to rooting media with 0.25 mg/L IAA, and multiple root formations were determined after four weeks. The rooted plants were transferred to the aquarium and successfully accustomed to ex vitro conditions.
Exploring the Nexus between Regional Fiscal Capacity and the Convergence of Inclusive Economic Development
Authors: Sakti Rachmad Kresna , Bintoro Nugroho Suryo , Setyanti Axellina Muara , Agustin Rahayu Anzelina
Published: April 2024

In the fiscal decentralisation system, the establishment of fiscal capacity is of paramount importance as local governments must be capable of effectively managing their own financial resources to meet the needs of the local population and advance regional development. Possessing a robust fiscal capacity enables local governments to be more effective in enhancing regional economic growth. This study analyses the influence of regional fiscal capacity on the convergence of inclusive economic development across 34 provinces in Indonesia. Conditional beta convergence analysis is employed on the Inclusive Economic Development Index, which is influenced by the degree of fiscal decentralisation, local financial autonomy, effectiveness of local own-source revenue, indirect expenditure ratio and direct expenditure ratio. This study provides valuable insights revealing visible convergence trends among Indonesia’s 34 provinces indicating crucial progress in achieving inclusive economic development and eliminating inequality. Furthermore, the observed progress underlines the vital role of fiscal capacity, particularly the levels of fiscal decentralisation and direct spending, as a significant driver encouraging a positive trajectory of economic convergence between provinces.