bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sound Style and Style of Words in Bayan Budiman's Poetry: Stilistics Study
Authors: Apriani Yeni , Sayuti Suminto A.
Published: December 2023

Sound style and word style are essential elements in literary works, especially poetry. Sound style and word style are used by the author as a medium for conveying ideas, expression, beautifying a literary work and others. In line with this, the purpose of this study is to describe the style of sound and style of words contained in the poem Bayan Budiman. This research is included in the qualitative descriptive research. The research subject is the poem Bayan Budiman, while the object of this research is the style of sound and style of words. The method of data collection is done by reading poetry, after reading the poetry, it is followed by reading and note-taking techniques. The results of this study show that in the poem Bayan Budiman several sound styles are found in the form of vowels /a/, /i/, /u/ and consonants /m/, /t./ The dominant sound style that appears is vowel. Meanwhile, the word styles found were the words sani, baqa, mortal, old, and enci.
Towards the Signifying Buffalo: A Deconstructive Study of Casteism through the Dalit Lens in Bhimayana: Experiences of Untouchability
Authors: Mondal Sahin Reja
Published: December 2023

From ancient times, Varna System (Caste System) is a pernicious feature of the Indian society in which a group of economically, socially and culturally low-graded people have been oppressed, suppressed and exploited in the Brahminical society. Casteism is an internalised hegemonic power structure that determines the sense of belonging, recognition and identity of the underprivileged and marginalised community of people in the caste-based identity politics of Indian society. It makes them feel that they are metaphorically imagined to be the signifying buffalo in the signification of the cow worshipping Brahminical society because the brahmins favourably worship the cow than the buffalo despite belonging likely to the same group of community. The term, “Dalit literature” was first introduced at the “Dalit Literature Conference” in Bombay of Maharashtra in 1958 and later on, a group of Marathi writers institutionalized themselves as the “Dalit Panthers” in 1972 to combat the caste system in their writings. Since then, Dalit literature aesthetically has emerged to shape the collective voice of the socially exploited people who desire to set the platform of Dalit revolution to register a strong protest against the stereotyped frames of caste, race and class to foreground Dalit values, rights and liberty. Besides that, it raises questions about the status and situation of the Dalits who struggle for freedom and recognition to attain society's social, cultural, political and national identity. It stimulates the revolutionary spirit of the Dalit’s “collective consciousness” in the power structure of the Brahminical society. However, Bhimayana: Experiences of Untouchability (2011) is a frame narrative that graphically interweaves and incorporates Ambedkar's experiences of untouchability, caste discrimination and resistance with the critical observation of a Dalit woman and a Hindu Brahmin about caste discrimination and violence in the contemporary discourse of the Indian society. This research paper aims to examine the deconstructive approach to the logocentric mythology of casteism to poignantly interpret its hollowness and meaninglessness on account of the caste discrimination, violence, oppression and resistance in the graphic novel, Bhimayana. It also attempts to introduce the identity politics of the Dalits to make resistance to caste stratification, inequality, dehumanization and violence, and to enlighten the social codification of the signifying buffalos, the Dalits in the signification of the cows, the brahmins of the Hindu community at the crossroad of the Hindutva ideology.
Source Use in Integrated Writing among Chinese College ESP Learners with Different Language Proficiency
Authors: Ma Linwei
Published: December 2023

Recent decades have witnessed the increasing importance and necessity of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) teaching. Integrated writing task evaluating test-takers’ discourse synthesis ability is an effective tool for ESP teaching with improved authenticity, but its mechanism is still far from clear. This study investigated the processes related to source material use in a TEM8 reading–writing task with a medical topic among ESP students. Source material use variations among students with different language proficiency were also examined in terms of organization, obtaining opinion and language support, and context comprehension. Results demonstrated that compared with low proficient student, high proficient ones exhibited higher awareness of effectively using source material and stronger tendency for organizational support, idea selection and gaining idea, but the difference in context comprehension and language support did not vary between two groups. These evidence underlie further design and development of integrated task in ESP writing course.
Role of Municipality in Solid Waste Management: A Case Study of Berhampore Municipality with Special Reference to Saidabad Ring-road Open Dumping Ground, West Bengal, India
Authors: Baral Sayantika , Kumar Mandal Kajal , Ghosh Indradip
Published: December 2023

Solid waste is the unsolicited and useless solid materials that originated from human actions in residential, commercial as well as industrial sectors. These are mainly confined to urban and semi-urban areas where technological advancement creates an abundance of inorganic wastes. These solid materials which include both organic and semi-organic wastes are collected from door-to-door methods and finally dumped into a particular place. The local governing authority plays a crucial role in executing the processes. This study deals with the role of the Berhampore Municipality in cleaning the town by collecting the daily wastages from different sectors and how an open yard dumping ground is used as a final destination of the unsorted and unsegregated materials. This study also reflects how the presence of the dumping ground adversely affects the local people. After conducting personal interviews with the municipal workers and analyzing the secondary data it is observed that there is no provision for the segregation of collected materials in the town as a result the unsorted materials are piled up to the dumping ground. The open-yard dumping ground is located around the residential area and creates an adverse effect on human beings. Municipal workers, engage the waste collection activities are tried their best to clean the city despite having dissatisfied with their wages and vacations.
UM ESTUDO ACERCA DA MOROSIDADE DO INSS NA ANÁLISE DE REQUERIMENTOS E A UTILIZAÇÃO DO MANDADO DE SEGURANÇA
Authors: Costa Rute Ferreira , Pestana Marcos Farias , Pinto Emanuel Vieira 
Published: December 2023

O presente estudo teve como intuito abordar a demora do INSS na análise dos requerimentos administrativos e a utilização do mandado de segurança. Diante da narrativa do tema abordado, emergiu a seguinte indagação: quais os principais fatores que contribuem para a morosidade do INSS na análise de requerimentos previdenciários? Dessa forma, o objetivo geral consistiu em analisar a morosidade nos procedimentos administrativos perante o INSS. Os objetivos específicos, em sua totalidade, tiveram a finalidade de compreender o trâmite do processo administrativo e suas normas regulamentadoras, investigar as causas que levam a morosidade nos procedimentos previdenciários, apresentar medidas para solução da problemática e meios alternativos ao mandado de segurança. A metodologia adotada baseou-se na abordagem empírica qualitativa, utilizando procedimentos de pesquisa bibliográfica, revisão de livros, artigos publicados, ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e jurisprudência. As buscas foram realizadas em plataformas de pesquisa eletrônica como SciELO, Google Acadêmico e repositórios acadêmicos. Por fim, por meio da pesquisa conduzida para a estruturação do presente trabalho, foi possível explorar soluções eficazes, como a contratação de novos servidores, a execução eficiente de recursos internos e o aprimoramento da atuação da ouvidoria. Essas medidas visam atenuar os elementos geradores do problema mencionado, além de promover a compreensão dos aspectos procedimentais dos processos administrativos, bem como os principais fatores geradores da mora, e propor alternativas à impetração do mandado de segurança nos âmbitos judiciais.
fatores geradores da mora, e propor alternativas à impetração do mandado de segurança nos âmbitos judiciais.
OS ASPECTOS DO TRABALHO INFANTIL BRASILEIRO NA PLATAFORMA YOUTUBE
Authors: Silva Ana Rillare Borba da , Viana Edilberto Brenno Diogo , Julião Islayane Lara Alves , Farias Léia Juliana Silva
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo trata acerca do Trabalho Infantil e seus desdobramentos frente aos avanços tecnológicos. A exploração frequente de crianças e adolescentes em atividades perigosas e insalubres passou a ser proibida pela legislação brasileira desde a Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT), tendo ascensão na Constituição Federal de 1988. No entanto, com o avanço da internet, abriu-se espaço para um caso excepcional, o Trabalho Infantil Artístico (TIA), o qual se destaca na plataforma YouTube. A pesquisa explora o mercado de trabalho artístico infantil no Brasil, legislações correlatas, e as necessidades de proteger a integridade física e psicológica das crianças e adolescentes. Para isso, utilizou-se de literaturas bibliográficas e análises de casos concretos, possibilitando, assim, identificar que a ausência de regulamentação voltada para problemática, permite a inserção precoce dos menores nas mídias sociais, a jornadas de trabalho prolongadas e a mercantilização indevida da sua imagem, afetando sua saúde e seu desenvolvimento.
AOD data fusion with Geostationary Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite (Geo-KOMPSAT) instruments GEMS, AMI, and GOCI-II: Statistical and deep neural network methods
Authors: Kim Minseok , Kim Jhoon , Lim Hyunkwang , Lee Seoyoung , Cho Yeseul , Lee Yun-Gon , Go Sujung , Lee Kyunghwa
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) data fusion of aerosol datasets from the Geostationary Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite (GEO-KOMPSAT, GK) series was undertaken using both statistical and deep neural network (DNN)-based methods. The GK mission includes an Advanced Meteorological Imager (AMI) onboard GK-2A and a Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) and Geostationary Ocean Color Imager-II onboard GK-2B. The statistical fusion method corrected the bias of each aerosol product by assuming a Gaussian error distribution. The Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) fusion technique accounted for pixel-level uncertainties by weighting the root-mean-square error of each AOD product for every pixel. A DNN-based fusion model was trained to target Aerosol Robotic Network AOD values using fully connected hidden layers. The statistical and DNN-based fusion results generally outperformed individual GEMS and AMI AOD datasets in East Asia (R = 0.888; RMSE = −0.188; MBE = −0.076; 60.6 % within EE for MLE AOD; R = 0.905; RMSE = 0.161; MBE = −0.060; 65.6 % within EE for DNN AOD). The selection of AOD around Korean peninsula, which is incorporating all aerosol products including GOCI-II resulted in much better results (R = 0.911; RMSE = 0.113; MBE = −0.047; 73.3 % within EE for MLE AOD; R = 0.912; RMSE = 0.102; MBE = −0.028; 78.2 % within EE for DNN AOD). The DNN AOD effectively addressed the rapid increase in uncertainty at higher aerosol loadings. Overall, fusion AOD (particularly DNN AOD) most closely matched the performance of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Dark Target algorithm, with slightly less variance and a negative bias. Both fusion algorithms stabilized diurnal error variations and provided additional insights into hourly aerosol evolution. The application of aerosol fusion techniques to future geostationary satellite projects such as TEMPO, ABI, and GeoXO may facilitate the production of high-quality global aerosol data.
F-region drift current and magnetic perturbation distribution by the X-wave heating ionosphere
Authors: Li Yong , Li Hui , Wu Jian , Lv Xingbao , Yuan Chengxun , Li Ce , Zhou Zhongxiang
Published: December 2023

Abstract. We present a theoretical and numerical study of the drift current and magnetic perturbation model in the ionosphere by incorporating the ohmic heating model and the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) momentum equation. Based on these equations, the ionospheric electron temperature and drift current are investigated. The results indicate that the maximum change in electron temperature ΔTe is about 570 K, and the ratio is ΔTe/Te ∼ 48 %. The maximum drift current density is 8×10-10 A m−2, and its surface integral is 5.76 A. Diamagnetic drift current is the main form of current. The low collision frequency between charged particles and neutral particles has little effect on the current, and the collision frequency of electrons and ions is independent of the drift current. The current density profile is a flow ring. We present the effective conductivity as a function of the angle between the geomagnetic field and the radio wave; the model explains why the radiation efficiency was strongest when the X wave is heating along the magnetic dip angle, as reported in recent observations by Kotik et al. (2013). We calculate the magnetic field variation in the heating region based on the MHD theory: the results show that the maximum magnetic field perturbation in the heating area is 48 pT.
Simulating dust emissions and secondary organic aerosol formation over northern Africa during the mid-Holocene Green Sahara period
Authors: Zhou Putian , Lu Zhengyao , Keskinen Jukka-Pekka , Zhang Qiong , Lento Juha , Bian Jianpu , van Noije Twan , Le Sager Philippe , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Kulmala Markku , Boy Michael , Makkonen Risto
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Paleo-proxy data indicate that a “Green Sahara” thrived in northern Africa during the early- to mid-Holocene (MH; 11 000 to 5000 years before present), characterized by more vegetation cover and reduced dust emissions. Utilizing a state-of-the-art atmospheric chemical transport model, TM5-MP, we assessed the changes in biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions, dust emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) concentrations in northern Africa during this period relative to the pre-industrial (PI) period. Our simulations show that dust emissions reduced from 280.6 Tg a−1 in the PI to 26.8 Tg a−1 in the MH, agreeing with indications from eight marine sediment records in the Atlantic Ocean. The northward expansion in northern Africa resulted in an increase in annual emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes during the MH, around 4.3 and 3.5 times higher than that in the PI period, respectively, causing a 1.9-times increase in the SOA surface concentration. Concurrently, enhanced BVOC emissions consumed more hydroxyl radical (OH), resulting in less sulfate formation. This effect counteracted the enhanced SOA surface concentration, altogether leading to a 17 % increase in the cloud condensation nuclei at 0.2 % super saturation over northern Africa. Our simulations provide consistent emission datasets of BVOCs, dust and the SOA formation aligned with the northward shift of vegetation during the “Green Sahara” period, which could serve as a benchmark for MH aerosol input in future Earth system model simulation experiments.
Daytime and nighttime aerosol soluble iron formation in clean and slightly-polluted moisture air in a coastal city in eastern China
Authors: Li Wenshuai , Qi Yuxuan , Liu Yingchen , Wu Guanru , Zhang Yanjing , Shi Jinhui , Qu Wenjun , Sheng Lifang , Wang Wencai , Zhang Daizhou , Zhou Yang
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Photocatalysis reactions occurring during daytime and aqueous-phase reactions during both daytime and nighttime constitute the two primary processes responsible for converting aerosol iron (Fe) from insoluble to soluble forms within the atmosphere. This study investigated the composition of total Fe (FeT) and soluble Fe (FeS) in daytime and nighttime PM2.5 in Qingdao, a coastal city in eastern China, and evaluated the distinctive roles of the two pathways in enhancing the solubility of aerosol Fe (%FeS, the ratio of FeS to FeT). In clean and humid conditions characterized by sea breezes, with relative humidity (RH) prevalently exceeding 80 %, an average daytime %FeS of 8.7 % was observed, which systematically surpassed its nighttime %FeS (6.3 %). In contrast, when the air originated from land regions and was slightly polluted, the daytime %FeS (3.7 %) was noted to be lower than the nighttime %FeS (5.8 %). This discrepancy was attributable to the variations in RH, as the nighttime RH approximated to be 77 %, facilitating the more efficient formation of acidic substances and resulting in faster FeS production than during daytime, when RH was about 62 %. Furthermore, the oxidation rates of sulfur (SOR) and nitrogen (NOR) displayed strong correlations with RH, particularly when RH was below 75 %. A 10 % increase in RH resulted in a 7.6 % increase in SOR and a 7.2 % elevation in NOR, which served as the primary reason for the differences in aerosol acidity and %FeS between daytime and nighttime. These findings highlight the RH-dependent activation of aqueous-phase reactions and the augmentation of daytime photocatalysis in the formation of FeS in the coastal moisture atmosphere.
An analytical model investigating the impact of current shear and topographic fluctuations on surface waves
Authors: Sun Meng , Yang Yongzeng , Yin Xunqiang , Ding Jisheng , Sun Tianqi , Jia Nan
Published: December 2023

Abstract. There are interactions between surface waves and currents, the latter includes wind-driven current and tidal current. Currents influence surface waves though advection transport and shear instability generation processes. While the horizontal gradient of current is commonly considered to calculate wave-current interaction source term in most wave models, the vertical gradient of current (current shear) has been simplified. In coastal waters, strong background currents with topographic fluctuations at the scale of surface waves have a resonance effect on surface waves. However, this resonance process is currently ignored in existing wave models. To evaluate the effects of current shear and topographic fluctuations on surface waves more accurately, an analytical model is proposed to describe the modification of the amplitude of orbital velocities for surface waves. The amplitude of orbital velocities exhibits significant variations when considering both current shear and topographic fluctuation effects. Wave particle trajectory equations that incorporate current shear and topographic fluctuations are derived based on this analytical model. In deep waters, current shear can increase or decrease the horizontal radius of wave particle trajectory by approximately 0.3 m, while the modification of horizontal amplitude of orbital velocities is about 0.3 m/s. In shallow waters, with both topographic fluctuations and background current present, both horizontal and vertical radii of wave particle trajectory change by approximately ±0.1 m respectively, and the modification of both horizontal and vertical amplitudes of orbital velocities is about 0.2–0.3 m/s. Moreover, in some cases, there are reversals in the direction of wave particle trajectories.
WorldCereal: a dynamic open-source system for global-scale, seasonal, and reproducible crop and irrigation mapping
Authors: Van Tricht Kristof , Degerickx Jeroen , Gilliams Sven , Zanaga Daniele , Battude Marjorie , Grosu Alex , Brombacher Joost , Lesiv Myroslava , Bayas Juan Carlos Laso , Karanam Santosh , Fritz Steffen , Becker-Reshef Inbal , Franch Belén , Mollà-Bononad Bertran , Boogaard Hendrik , Pratihast Arun Kumar , Koetz Benjamin , Szantoi Zoltan
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The challenge of global food security in the face of population growth, conflict, and climate change requires a comprehensive understanding of cropped areas, irrigation practices, and the distribution of major commodity crops like maize and wheat. However, such understanding should preferably be updated at seasonal intervals for each agricultural system rather than relying on a single annual assessment. Here we present the European Space Agency-funded WorldCereal system, a global, seasonal, and reproducible crop and irrigation mapping system that addresses existing limitations in current global-scale crop and irrigation mapping. WorldCereal generates a range of global products, including temporary crop extent, seasonal maize and cereal maps, seasonal irrigation maps, seasonal active cropland maps, and model confidence layers providing insights into expected product quality. The WorldCereal product suite for the year 2021 presented here serves as a global demonstration of the dynamic open-source WorldCereal system. Validation of the products was done based on best available reference data per product. A global statistical validation for the temporary crop extent product resulted in user's and producer's accuracies of 88.5 % and 92.1 %, respectively. For crop type, a verification was performed against a newly collected street view dataset (overall agreement 82.5 %) and a limited number of publicly available in situ datasets (reaching minimum agreement of 80 %). Finally, global irrigated-area estimates were derived from available maps and statistical datasets, revealing the conservative nature of the WorldCereal irrigation product. The WorldCereal system provides a vital tool for policymakers, international organizations, and researchers to better understand global crop and irrigation patterns and to inform decision-making related to food security and sustainable agriculture. Our findings highlight the need for continued community efforts such as additional reference data collection to support further development and to push the boundaries for global agricultural mapping from space. The global products are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875104 (Van Tricht et al., 2023).
Landscape structures regulate the contrasting response of recession along rainfall amounts
Authors: Lee Jun-Yi , Yang Ci-Jian , Peng Tsung-Ren , Lee Tsung-Yu , Huang Jr-Chuan
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Streamflow recession, shaped by hydrological processes, runoff dynamics, and catchment storage, is heavily influenced by landscape structure and rainstorm characteristics. However, our understanding of how recession relates to landscape structure and rainstorm characteristics remains inconsistent, with limited research examining their combined impact. This study examines this interplay in shaping recession responses upon 291 sets of recession parameters obtained through the decorrelation process. The data originate from 19 subtropical mountainous rivers and cover events with a wide spectrum of rainfall amounts. Key findings indicate that the recession coefficient (a) increases while the exponent (b) decreases with the L/G ratio (the median of ratios between flow-path length and gradient), suggesting that longer and gentler hillslopes facilitate flow accumulation and aquifer connectivity, ultimately reducing nonlinearity. Additionally, in large catchments, the exponent (b) increases with increasing rainfall due to greater landscape heterogeneity. Conversely, in small catchments, it declines with rainfall, indicating that these catchments have less landscape heterogeneity and thus reduced runoff heterogeneity. Our findings underscore the necessity for further validation of how L/G and drainage area regulate recession responses to varying rainfall levels across diverse regions.
SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY USING AN ENHANCED ENCODER-DECODER ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Aburaed N. , Al-Saad M. , Alkhatib M. Q. , Zitouni M. S. , Almansoori S. , Al-Ahmad H.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Semantic segmentation is one of most the important computer vision tasks for the analysis of aerial imagery in many remote sensing applications, such as resource surveys, disaster detection, and urban planning. This area of research still faces unsolved challenges, especially in cluttered environments and complex sceneries. This study presents a repurposed Robust UNet (RUNet) architecture for semantic segmentation, and embeds the architecture with attention mechanism in order to enhance feature extraction and construction of segmentation maps. The attention mechanism is achieved using Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) block. The resulting network is referred to as SE-RUNet. SE is also tested with the classical UNet, termed SE-UNet, to verify the efficiency of introducing SE. The proposed approach is trained and tested using “Semantic Segmentation of Aerial Imagery” dataset. The results are evaluated using Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F-score and mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) metrics. Comparative evaluation and experimental results show that using SE to embed attention mechanism into UNet and RUNet significantly improves the overall performance.
A REVIEW OF POINT CLOUD SEGMENTATION OF ARCHITECTURAL CULTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Zhao J. , Hua X. , Yang J. , Yin L. , Liu Z. , Wang X.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. With the continuous development of laser scanning technology, the model reconstruction and information management system of architectural cultural heritage are gradually taking shape. Among them, point cloud segmentation of architectural cultural heritage is important for Historic Building Information Model (HBIM), disease extraction and analysis, heritage restoration and other research. This paper mainly focuses on the systematic analysis and summary of the point cloud segmentation of architectural cultural heritage, introduces related concepts, and summarizes the segmentation methods from three aspects: traditional methods, machine learning based on artificial features, and deep learning. In addition, this paper summarizes the evaluation metrics and public datasets of semantic segmentation commonly used today, and further elucidates the relevant applications after segmentation. Finally, this paper analyzes and prospects the main problems and future development trends. This review aims to provide a useful reference for relevant researchers in the field of architectural cultural heritage protection.
MULTI-SCALE DYNAMIC PARTITIONING SYSTEM OF URBAN SPATIAL UNITS
Authors: Liang T. , Jing C. , Zhuo F. , Feng Y. , Zhang H. , Fu Y.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. As the spatial structure of cities becomes increasingly complex and sustainable development goals are promoted, society places higher demands on the management and planning of cities. As the basic unit of urban analysis, the combination pattern and scale shape of urban spatial units are crucial for rational management and planning of cities. However, existing urban analysis management systems often adopt a prefabricated fixed cell division method, which is difficult to meet the needs of high precision and multi-scale analysis of urban information. Therefore, this paper proposes an interactive dynamic partitioning technology, and designs a multi-scale dynamic partitioning system for urban spatial units (SUPS), in order to meet the diverse needs of urban management and planning. The system consists of a data management module, a spatial unit module, an integration module and a visualization module. The system not only realises the multi-scale dynamic partitioning of spatial units in the form of interactive operation, but also obtains more detailed identification results by applying the multi-scale spatial units to the identification of urban functional areas, verifying the effectiveness and feasibility of the interactive multi-scale dynamic partitioning of spatial units, and providing a new technical support for fine urban management.
TOWARDS AUTONOMOUS HIGH-DEFINITION MAP CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Wu J. , Wang X. , Zhang P. , Song W. , Chen M.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. This paper presents a GPS constrained SLAM solution, which adds reliable GPS observations as key frames to the state-of-the-art SLAM algorithm Lightweight and Ground-Optimized Lidar Odometry and Mapping (LeGO-LOAM). As the GPS has a much higher frequency than that of lidar, we first assign each lidar frame with GPS time, then every 5 seconds, a reliable GPS observation is inserted as a key frame to the pose graph, then optimizes the pose estimation and updates the old key frames. We test our method with two platforms in real driving scene, and compare its performance with LeGO-LOAM, where LeGO-LOAM cannot acquire realtime efficiency. The difference of lidar odometry of our solution with compare to RTK-GPS is less than 0.4m, with the globally referenced map can be used for relocalization.
RAPID AND AUTOMATED BODY MEASUREMENT OF CATTLE BASED ON STATISTICAL SHAPE MODEL
Authors: Bao Y. , Lu H. , Wu J. , Lei J. , Zhang J. , Luo X. , Guo H.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The current methods of non-contact livestock body measurement directly deal with the low-quality point cloud data of livestock, which have low robustness and lack practicality. On the one hand, the success rate of keypoint detection for livestock body measurement is low. Due to the severe occlusion and noise in the point cloud data, body measurements of some data cannot be performed. On the other hand, the key frames need to be manually selected from the point cloud sequence during processing. Inspired by the work of 3D reconstruction based on animal statistical shape models, we implement the construction and learning of the statistical shape model of real cattle. Given the establishment of the statistical shape model of cattle, a 3D reconstruction and body measurement approach of real cattle based on low-quality point cloud data is proposed. Nine indicators are calculated and the overall estimation MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) is 10.27%. The whole process of the body measurement algorithm proposed in our paper can be extended to other quadrupeds.
INDIVIDUAL TREE SEGMENTATION FROM BLS DATA BASED ON GRAPH AUTOENCODER
Authors: Fekry R. , Yao W. , Sani-Mohammed A. , Amr D.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. In the last two decades, Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) has been widely employed in forestry applications. Individual tree segmentation is essential to forest management because it is a prerequisite to tree reconstruction and biomass estimation. This paper introduces a general framework to extract individual trees from the LiDAR point cloud based on a graph link prediction problem. First, an undirected graph is generated from the point cloud based on K-nearest neighbors (KNN). Then, this graph is used to train a convolutional autoencoder that extracts the node embeddings to reconstruct the graph. Finally, the individual trees are defined by the separate sets of connected nodes of the reconstructed graph. A key advantage of the proposed method is that no further knowledge about tree or forest structure is required. Seven sample plots from a plantation forest with poplar and dawn redwood species have been employed in the experiments. Though the precision of the experimental results is up to 95 % for poplar species and 92 % for dawn redwood trees, the method still requires more investigations on natural forest types with mixed tree species.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING OF SHRUBS BASED ON LIDAR POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Li Z. , Li M. , Zhang M.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. This paper proposes a method for constructing 3D models of shrubs with high accuracy from 3D point clouds acquired by terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). Since the shrub point cloud obtained by LiDAR scanning contains a large amount of redundant data, the focus of this method is to segment the branches and leaves of the shrub point cloud first, which can remove the noise and make the branch skeleton of the shrub stand out. Secondly, a triangulation network is constructed for the segmented branch points, and a minimum spanning tree (MST) is established from the triangulation network as the initial shrub skeleton of the input point cloud. Then, the redundant branches are removed by merging adjacent points and edges to simplify the initial skeleton. Finally, the 3D model of a shrub is constructed by a cylindrical fitting algorithm based on robust principal component analysis (RPCA). Experiments on different types of shrubs from different data sources demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method. The 3D models of shrubs can be further applied to the accurate estimation of shrub attributes and urban landscape visualization.
ASSESSING THE ALIGNMENT BETWEEN GEOMETRY AND COLORS IN TLS COLORED POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Wang Z. , Varga M. , Medić T. , Wieser A.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The integration of the color information from RGB cameras with the point cloud geometry is used in numerous applications. However, little attention has been paid on errors that occur when aligning colors to points in terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds. Such errors may impact the performance of algorithms that utilize colored point clouds. Herein, we propose a procedure for assessing the alignment between the TLS point cloud geometry and colors. The procedure is based upon identifying artificial targets observed in both LiDAR-based point cloud intensity data and camera-based RGB data, and quantifying the quality of the alignment using differences between the target center coordinates estimated separately from these two data sources. Experimental results with eight scanners show that the quality of the alignment depends on the scanner, the software used for colorizing the point clouds, and may change with changing environmental conditions. While we found the effects of misalignment to be negligible for some scanners, they exhibited clearly systematic patterns exceeding the beam divergence, image and scan resolution for four of the scanners. The maximum deviations were about 2 mrad perpendicular to the line-of-sight when colorizing the point clouds with the respective manufacturer’s software or scanner in-built functions, while they were up to about 5 mrad when using a different software. Testing the alignment quality, e.g., using the approach presented herein, is thus important for applications requiring accurate alignment of the RGB colors with the point cloud geometry.
ESTABLISHMENT OF HD MAPS VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION PROCEDURE WITH OPENDRIVE AND AUTOWARE (LANELET2) FORMATS
Authors: Chiang K.-W. , Tsai M.-L. , Lin S. , Huang Y.-E. , Zeng J.-C. , Chang Y.-F. , Chen J.-A. , Huang Y.-C. , Yang C.-S. , Juang J.-C. , Wang C.-K. , Lin C.-F. , Lee J. , Darweesh H. , Li P.-L.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Mobile mapping technologies, for example multi-sensor integration and multi-platform mapping technology, have developed and improved over recent decades, various applications such as conventional mapping scenarios, rapid disaster response, smart city, and autonomous vehicle application arise synchronously. Especially, autonomous driving vehicles have made enormous progress. High-definition (HD) maps are key for autonomous driving because of their high accuracy and rich information of road scenes. However, how to make sure that HD maps are suitable for autonomous vehicle requirement is an important topic. The HD maps guidelines and standards in Taiwan are released since 2018 and mainly focus on point cloud and shape file format. In this paper, a procedure for the verification and validation of HD maps for OpenDRIVE and Autoware (Lanelet2) is proposed. It discusses about the verification strategies, suggestion review item, recommendation tools, and process. As shown by our preliminary results, the proposed process can conform not only in closed area but also public road. These issues can help reducing HD maps production costs. When the foundation of HD maps accomplishes, the autonomous driving techniques can naturally complement. The vision of full automation vehicle will come true rapidly in the future.
VEHICLE OCCLUSION REMOVAL FROM SINGLE AERIAL IMAGES USING GENERATIVE ADVERSARIAL NETWORKS
Authors: Xiang M. , Azimi S. , Bahmanyar R. , Sörgel U. , Reinartz P.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Removing occluding objects such as vehicles from drivable areas allows precise extraction of road boundaries and related semantic objects such as lane-markings, which is crucial for several applications such as generating high-definition maps for autonomous driving. Conventionally, multiple images of the same area taken at different times or from various perspectives are used to remove occlusions and to reconstruct the occluded areas. Nevertheless, these approaches require large amounts of data, which are not always available. Furthermore, they do not work for static occlusions caused by, among others, parked vehicles. In this paper, we address occlusion removal based on single aerial images using generative adversarial networks (GANs), which are able to deal with the mentioned challenges. To this end, we adapt several state-of-the-art GAN-based image inpainting algorithms to reconstruct the missing information. Results indicate that the StructureFlow algorithm outperforms the competitors and the restorations obtained are robust, with high visual fidelity in real-world applications. Furthermore, due to the lack of annotated aerial vehicle removal datasets, we generate a new dataset for training and validating the algorithms, the Aerial Vehicle Occlusion Removal (AVOR) dataset. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to address vehicle removal using deep learning algorithms to enhance maps.
THE TOA ESTIMATION OF CELLULAR NETWORK SIGNALS BASED ON MACHINE LEARNING IN COMPLEX URBAN ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Liu Z. , Chen L. , Jiao Z. , Lu X. , Ruan Y.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The precision location-based services in complex environment is a challenge in the field of navigation and positioning. With the continuous development of wireless communication technology in recent years, cellular network signals such as LTE and 5G have emerged as unique advantages in navigation and positioning applications. This paper presents a time-of-arrival (TOA) estimation method based on machine learning, which can use cellular network signals to obtain accurate ranging results in low signal-to-noise ratio conditions. For this purpose, we first present the cellular network signals that can be applied in navigation and positioning. Then, we describe in detail the process of TOA estimation based on machine learning. Finally, we carried out vehicular experiments in an urban environment to test the performance of the proposed method. The test results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method and achieve metre-level ranging accuracy.
LEARNING ON THE EDGE: BENCHMARKING ACTIVE LEARNING FOR THE SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF ALS POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Kölle M. , Walter V. , Schmohl S. , Soergel U.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. While most research in automatic semantic segmentation of 3D geospatial point clouds is concerned with enhancing respective Machine Learning (ML) models, we aim to shift the focus to be more of a data-centric nature. This means, we consider the creation of respective data sets that ML models learn from as key component, since even the most sophisticated model performs poorly when learning from suboptimal data. In this regard, the straightforward approach of providing labeled data abundantly is prohibitively expensive and just not scalable in times of high-frequency data acquistion cycles, where a dedicated training set should be available for each new epoch, as ML models often lack generalizability. As a remedy, we rely on Active Learning (AL), which is a cost-efficient and quick method to generate required training data at scale. Although AL has been (scarcely) applied in the geospatial domain before, a comprehensive evaluation of its capabilities, including benchmarking of achievable accuracies is lacking. Therefore, we apply the AL concept to both ISPRS’ current point cloud benchmark data sets as well as to a third large scale National Mapping Agency point cloud. Respective experiments are conducted with both a feature-driven Random Forest classifcation approach and a data-driven Submanifold Sparse Convolutional Neural Network classifier. Our experiments verify that by labeling only a fraction of available training points (typically ⪡ 1%), we can still reach accuracies that are at maximum only about 5 percentage points worse compared to leading benchmark contributions.
نحو فهم جديد للشعر الجاهلي -دراسة في معلقة امرئ القيس الكندي-
Authors: قاع الكاف سامية
Published: December 2023

تُّعدُ معلقة امرؤ القيس من أهم القصائد التي استوعبت المضمون الدرامي الذي عبّر عنه الشاعر الجاهلي، وكشف من خلاله عن ردّة فعل الذات المُبْدِعَة عن الواقع؛ أو بالأحرى، عن موقفه إزاء مشكلة التناهي والموت، وصراع المتناقضات في الكائنات الكونية. وكيف أن حياة الإنسان رهينة بهذا الصراع وقائمة على أساسه. فلولا المقاومة والتحدِّي والمواجهة لِقوى السَّلب التي تحاصرنا من كل زاوية، ومن مختلف الأطراف لما كان هناك بقاء ولا استمرارية.

    ولهذا لم يقف امرؤ القيس والشاعر العربي بعامة موقف المتفرج المهزوم أمام هذا الحصار، وإنَّما كثيرا ما عبَّر من خلال الكلمة عن رفضه وتمرُّده، وكفاحه من أجل الكينونة والحضور، مهما اختلفت أساليب هذا الرفض ووسائل التحدِّي. فكيف كان موقف امرؤ القيس من هذه المشكلة؟ وماهي آليات المواجهة عنده؟
Systemic Shock and Bordering: Comparative Analysis of the Vulnerability and Resilience of Cross-Border Governance in Europe and North America
Authors: Lara-Valencia Francisco , Varela Álvarez Enrique José , García-Pérez Hilda
Published: December 2023

El análisis comparativo de las regiones fronterizas en el contexto de los procesos sistémicos de centralización y rebordeamiento inducidos por el choque facilita la comprensión de las especificidades y los aspectos comunes de las fronteras contemporáneas. La pandemia de COVID-19 ofreció a los expertos en fronteras unas condiciones cuasi experimentales únicas para dicho análisis, ya que los gobiernos de la mayoría de los países del mundo aplicaron políticas y medidas análogas para reducir la propagación y el impacto de la pandemia. En concreto, las medidas de restricción de la movilidad transfronteriza alteraron las rutinas y prácticas de la vida cotidiana de la población fronteriza y, de forma más general, la estabilidad de las regiones fronterizas a través de diferentes formas y grados de reborderización. Así pues, la pandemia puso a prueba las capacidades regionales y las estructuras de gobernanza para hacer frente a la incertidumbre y el riesgo e incitó las reacciones de los actores regionales preocupados por restablecer la estabilidad y la normalidad. Utilizando el concepto de resiliencia como lente analítica, este documento examina las respuestas de los actores locales de las regiones fronterizas España-Portugal y EE.UU.-México al choque sistémico y la contribución de estas respuestas a la resiliencia regional transfronteriza.
Legal Pluralism Theories and Their Position in Islamic Law
Authors: LEVNİ Vebi , ÇELİK Seydi
Published: December 2023

The concept of "legal pluralism," which emerged as a practice during the Imperial periods in the past, is being widely debated as a critical notion in our current postmodern era. Legal pluralism contradicts the centralized view of law. Therefore, the phenomenon of legal pluralism has been at the center of legal debates in democratic societies due to its undeniable relationship with the concept of democracy. In this article, we will delve deep into the concept of legal pluralism and attempt to trace its evolution throughout history. Additionally, we will refer to in-depth discussions among scholars regarding the position of legal pluralism in Islamic law and the ideas surrounding Islamic jurisprudence.
THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF SETUP FOR HYDROGEN AND CARBON NANOFIBER PRODUCTION VIA CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS OF PROPANE-BUTANE MIXTURE AND ASSESSMENT OF POSSIBLE SCALE-UP
Authors: Гаврилов Ю.В. , Налетов А.Ю. , Михайлова Е.Н. , Савин Г.С.
Published: December 2023

В работе представлена методика и результаты эксергетического анализа периодического процесса пиролиза пропан-бутановой смеси с получением водорода и нановолокнистого углерода с целью оценки перспектив ее масштабирования. Методика включает в себя расчет эксергетического баланса по фазам данного процесса на основе данных лабораторных испытаний. Было показано, что потери эксергии по фазам периодического процесса пиролиза пропан-бутановой смеси чрезвычайно высоки, что характеризует низкую эффективность лабораторной установки. В части перспектив масштабирования сделан вывод, что результаты исследований могут быть использованы для изучения кинетических закономерностей процесса. При этом переносить технические решения в части способов реализации как процесса в целом, так и отдельных его фаз на установки промышленного масштаба нецелесообразно.

The work describes the methodology and results of exergy analysis for the periodic pyrolysis process of a propane-butane mixture for the production of hydrogen and carbon nanofibers in order to assess the possibility of process scale-up. The methodology uses data obtained from laboratory-scale setup to calculate the exergy balance for every stage of the process. It was shown that the exergy losses for the phases of the periodic pyrolysis process of the propane-butane mixture are exceedingly high, which decreases the efficiency of the experimental setup. Considering possible scale-up, it was concluded that the experimental data obtained could be used to study the kinetic model of the process. Moreover, the transfer of the technical solution that uses the given process scheme as a whole or any of the separate stages to full-scale production was judged to be impractical.
Efficacy of Scapular Stabilization Exercises on Reduced Thoracic Expansion in Patients with Upper Crossed Syndrome
Authors: . Sarabjeet , Koley Shyamal
Published: December 2023

Background: Upper-Crossed Syndrome (UCS) is also referred to as proximal or shoulder girdle crossed syndrome. In UCS, tightness of the upper trapezius and levator scapula on the dorsal side crosses with tightness of the pectoralis major and minor. Weakness of the deep cervical flexors ventrally crosses with weakness of the middle and lower trapezius. This imbalance leads to reduced thoracic expansion with difficulty in breathing and altered body posture. In the present study an attempt has been made to compare the efficacy of scapular stabilization exercises and conventional neck exercises in patients with UCS.
Materials and Method: A total of 30 purposively selected confirmed cases of UCS aged 18-50 years, collected from the OPD of DAV Institute of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Jalandhar, India, were considered for the present study. The subjects were further divided into two groups for intervention. Group-A consisted of 15 subjects who were treated with hot pack, TENS and scapular stabilization exercises for 5 times per week for 2 weeks. Group-B consisted of 15 subjects who were treated with hot pack, TENS and conventional exercises for 5 times per week for 2 weeks.
Results: The results of the present study revealed that within- group changes in NDI, thoracic expansions (Axillary, Midsternal and Xiphisternum), pectoral minor muscle lengthening were statistically significant in group-A. On the other hand, between Group-A and B, there was a statistically significant difference for the above-mentioned traits, showing the superior result in Group-A.
Conclusion: It could be concluded from the present study that, scapular stabilization were more effective for reduced thoracic expansion in patients with UCS. Thoracic expansion and pectoral minor flexibility were increased with the help of scapular stabilization exercises. Scapular stabilization exercises showed significantly positive effect on NDI scores.

Key words: Upper Crossed Syndrome, Muscle activity, Scapular Stabilization exercises, Conventional neck exercises.