bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Urine‐Plasma Ratio of Some Proteins in Gestosis
Authors: Tervilä Leo , Vartiainen Eero , Timonen Sakari , Kauppinen Martti
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The urine and plasma content of certain proteins was studied near term in healthy gravidas, in gravidas with essential hypertension, proteinuria, hypertension of pregnancy and gestosis (pre‐eclampsia; toxaemia), besides this the ratio of urine‐plasma concentrations for each protein was calculated. In gestosis only the urine‐plasma ratio of ceruloplasmin differed from those of the other proteins, but in the other diseases studied this ratio showed no difference from that in healthy gravidas. The amounts of different proteins excreted in urine did not correlate with the molecular size of the respective protein.
Amniotic Fluid Bilirubin as a Prognostic Indicator in Rhesus Isoimmunization
Authors: Bock Johannes E.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The bilirubin concentration in 654 amniotic fluids obtained by amniocentesis of 227 consecutive rhesus isoimmunized pregnancies is determined by the chloroform extraction method. The material is divided in 3 classes reflecting the severity of erythroblastosis. It is found, by means of graphical analysis that corresponding fractiles of the amniotic fluid concentrations of bilirubin in different gestational weeks imply an almost uniform prognosis. In terms of logarithm the various bilirubin fractiles seem to move parallel to and linear with gestational time. A prediction diagram is constructed, making it possible to estimate fetal prognosis from the concentration of amniotic fluid bilirubin.
Growth of the Fetal Skull, with Special Reference to Weight‐For‐Dates of the Newborn Child
Authors: Bergsjø Per , Bakke Trygve , Bjerkedal Tor
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Two growth curves of the fetal biparietal diameter are presented. One is prospective, based on the last menstrual period, while the other is retrospective, calculated from the date of birth. The prospective curve shows a slight decline in average values following the week 42 of gestation. This is thought not to reflect a true shortening of the biparietal diameter in the single fetus, since serial measurements in single fetuses show growth up to the time of delivery. Individual growth curves, grouped according to the weight‐for‐dates of the newborn child, show a trend towards longer biparietal diameters in the larger fetuses. Serial measurements, preferably starting before week 30, appear to be a good help in predicting birth weight, but growth rates without regard to the actual measurement values were of little prognostic value in the present material.
The Value of Amniotic Fluid Diamine Oxidase Estimations in the Management of Severe Rhesus Iso‐Immunization
Authors: Ward Humphry , Whyley G. A. , Millar M. D.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Serial estimations of the enzyme, diamine oxidase (D.A.O.) in liquor amnii were made in 82 rhesus sensitised women. Normal levels were found in severe disease with a favourable fetal outcome, but abnormal levels were found in 50% of the pregnancies in which severe disease was associated with fetal death. In addition, when liquor bilirubin levels predicted moderate‐severe disease, D.A.O. levels were abnormal in 75% of the pregnancies in which the fetus succumbed. Abnormally low D.A.O. levels in amniotic fluid were frequently associated with the subsequent development of disseminated intra‐vascular coagulation in the infant. Serial estimations of D.A.O. in amniotic fluid could be a helpful adjunct to serial liquor bilirubin estimations in the management of severe rhesus iso‐immunisation.
Extramembranous Pregnancy with Amniorrhoea
Authors: Gregersen Erik
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A case of extramembranous pregnancy is reported. From about the 10th week of pregnancy there was an intermittent loss of liquor amnii, which from about the 25th week, became continuous. The infant was born alive in the 31st week, but died 15 days later because of the respiratory distress syndrome. The placenta was circumvallate with short, thick membranes unable to cover more than a small part of the infant. The course of the pregnancy and the prognosis of the infant are discussed on the base of previous publications. Because of the poor prognosis for the infant it is suggested that interruption of the pregnancy should be considered in early cases of amniorrhoea.
Trisomy‐D in a Cyclops with Cardiovascular Defects
Authors: Jaschevatzky Oscar E. , Goldman Boleslaw , Georghiou Panayiotis , Grünstein Stephan , Pevzner Shamay
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A case report of cyclops with trisomy‐D in a female infant, associated with cardiovascular defects is presented. A survey of the literature pertaining to other reported cases of cyclopia is presented to establish the probability of the existence of at least two distinct etiologic groups of cyclopia–those associated with trisomy‐D and those associated with other chromosomal aberrations, single gene mutations, or non‐genetic factors.
Open Rupture of the Symphysis Pubis During Spontaneous Delivery
Authors: Blum M. , Orovano N.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The clinical and roentgenological picture of symphysiolysis is very well known. In contrast, the rarer syndrome of the rupture of the symphysis pubis during spontaneous delivery is less well known.
A Prospective Study of Drugs and Pregnancy
Authors: Kullander Stig , Källén Bengt
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In a prospective study of anti‐emetic drug use during 6 376 pregnancies, the previously demonstrated negative correlation between the use of such drugs and miscarriage was confirmed. It is probably completely due to less frequent and possibly less severe morning sickness complaints in pregnancies ending with a miscarriage. A slight positive correlation is found between the use of anti‐emetics and infant malformation. A detailed analysis showed that this was mainly due to a high incidence of drug use (mainly promethazine) among women giving birth to infants with congenital dislocation of the hip. The probable indirect relationship is discussed.
Fetal Movements Diagnosed by Ultrasound in Early Pregnancy
Authors: Jouppila Pentti
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The purpose of this work was to ascertain whether ultrasonic techniques based on fetal movements were suitable for examinations in early pregnancy. The series consisted of 124 patients who came to be examined because of bleeding on the 6th–20th gestational week. The rapid B‐scan method detected the fetal movements from the 8th week onwards, and the results were 100% reliable from the 10th week onwards. The combined A–B‐scan method detected the fetal movements from the 12th week. Techniques based on the detection of fetal heart function were used as control methods. According to our results, the methods based on the indication of fetal movements constitute a practical alternative for elucidating the problems of early pregnancy.
Changes in the Cervical Blood Flow During Labour
Authors: Laakso L. , Pitkänen Y. , Hannelin M.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The cervical blood flow changes during labour in pregnant women (15 cases) have been studied by local injection of 133Xe into the cervix. The blood flow changes were compared with the external uterine pressure which was measured with a tocograph. During contractions the radioactivity decreased temporarily, but increased again between contractions. The overall decrease was greater in the control group (4 cases) than during spontaneous contractions. The conclusion is, that relative cervical blood circulation is rapidly changed during labour.
Phospholipids and Creatinine in Amniotic Fluid in Relation to Gestational Age
Authors: Löfstrand Tord , Fex Göran , Holmberg Nils‐Gunnar
Published: December 2009

Abstract. 176 samples of amniotic fluid were obtained by abdominal amniocentesis from 69 women with complicated pregnancies (toxemia, diabetes mellitus or rhesus isoimmunization) in the 27th–43rd week of pregnancy. The concentration of creatinine (172 cases), the ratio of lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S‐ratio, 155 cases) and phospholipid phosphorus (155 cases) were determined and related to gestational age. The results were compared with normal pregnancy. The mean level of creatinine in toxemia was significantly higher from the 32nd week till term (p >0.05) and the L/S‐ratio was significantly higher (p >0.05) in the 34th–35th week compared with normal pregnancy. Creatinine concentration was significantly elevated in diabetic pregnancy in the 36th–37th week (p >0.05). Creatinine concentration tended to be low in Rh‐isoimmunization. A creatinine concentration ≤1.8 mg% and a L/S‐ratio ≤2.25 always corresponded to a gestational age ≤35th week. To get increased precision in estimating gestational age in complicated as well as in normal pregnancy the determination of both creatinine concentration and L/S‐ratio in amniotic fluid is recommended.
The Effect of a Copper Iud and Various “Inert” Iuds on the Histological Picture of the Rabbit Endometrium During Early Pseudopregnancy and Pregnancy
Authors: Grundsell Hans , Håkansson Leif , Hägerstrand Inga
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The influence of a copper IUD and two “inert” IUDs on the histological picture of the rabbit endometrium during early pseudopregnancy and early pregnancy was studied. The copper IUD markedly inhibited the endometrial maturation during the first five days of both pseudopregnancy and pregnancy. The “inert” IUDs had no such effect. The copper IUD prevented the normal response of the rabbit uterus to 17‐beta‐estradiol in castrated animals. The observed effects of the copper IUD might seriously interfere with the normal process of implantation.
Plasma and Urinary Oestriol During Late Uncomplicated Pregnancy
Authors: Lindberg Bo S. , Carlström Kjell
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Plasma levels of unconjugated oestriol and urinary excretion of conjugated oestriol were measured in ten healthy women with uncomplicated late pregnancy and with normal renal function. Considerably larger differences within or between days were noted for the plasma levels than for the urinary excretion of oestriol. Significant correlation between plasma levels and urinary excretion was found in only three out of ten patients. Due to the large variations within and between days, the estimation of unconjugated oestriol in plasma might be unsuitable as a substitute for the estimation of urinary conjugated oestriol in the supervision of complicated pregnancies.
Plasma Renin Activity in Abortion
Authors: Soveri Pertti , Fyhrquist Frej , Widholm Olof
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Healthy women (N = 96) were investigated for changes in plasma renin activity (PRA) in abortion. In spontaneous abortion PRA levels were significantly lower than in induced abortion although higher than in healthy women. These findings may be explained by differences in corpus luteum function and renin production of the fetoplacental unit. Alternatively, prostaglandins released by the contracting uterus in spontaneous abortion may cause PRA suppression, as observed in 9 pregnant women with abortion induced by the intra‐amniotic use of prostaglandin F2α.
Phospholipid Concentrations in Amniotic Fluid from Diabetic Pregnant Women
Authors: Skjæraasen J. , Lindback T.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Amniotic fluid phospholipid concentrations measured in 104 samples from 65 diabetic patients have been related to gestational age, the state of diabetes according to White's classification, and the development of the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). There is statistically significant evidence of accelerated surfactant production in White classes D, F, from 34 to 37 weeks gestation. Classes A, B, C, have phospholipid concentrations not significantly different from a reference series. RDS occurred in 26% and was frequently associated with mature phospholipid concentrations. There was a significant correlation between low Apgar scores and subsequent development of RDS.
Plasma Hormone Concentrations During the Menstrual Cycle of Normal Chinese Women
Authors: Salmon John A. , Chew P. C. T. , Ratnam S. S.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The concentrations of progesterone, estrogens, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone were measured in samples of plasma taken frequently during normal menstrual cycles in fourteen Chinese women. Each of the menstrual cycles was characterized by hormonal changes which were comparable to those previously reported in Caucasian subjects.
E. Coli Growth Inhibition by Amniotic Fluid
Authors: Prevedourakis C. , Koumentakou E. , Zolotas J. , Zolota Th. , Xygakis A. , Kotoulas I.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Amniotic fluid samples were collected aseptically from 29 normal pregnancies, between the 38th and 41st week of gestation and checked for sterility in the laboratory, in order to investigate in vitro the effect of the liquor on the growth of E. coli. Brain Heart Infusion (B.H.I.) and Ringer solution were used as controls. E. coli cultures were inoculated in amniotic fluid, B.H.I., Ringer solution and amniotic fluid plus B.H.I. and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. At 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours of incubation, surface viable counts were performed to estimate the number of E. coli viable cells. The growth of E. coli in B.H.I. started during the 1st hour after inoculation and continued over 48 hours; in Ringer solution the mean growth curve was almost identical to that of B.H.I. In amniotic fluid the growth of E. coli began from the 1st hour of inoculation but the growth curve was much lower, became static in 24 hours and a permanent inhibition was observed thereafter. The addition of a small amount of B.H.I. in amniotic fluid enhanced the growth of E. coli, but the growth curve was lower in comparison to the curves of the two controls studied. In conclusion, after 48 hours of inoculation in amniotic fluid, 26 of the 29 cases showed bacteriostatic or bactericidal activity of the liquor upon the growth of E. coli.
Epidural Analgesia in Labour
Authors: Raabe N. , Belfrage P.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The influence of epidural block with bupivacaine (Marcaine‐adrenalin®) on fetal heart rate, uterine activity, and the frequency and intensity of contractions was studied in twenty‐five nulliparae at term. Uterine activity was found to decrease during the first 30 minutes following epidural block. In the time interval 30 to 40 minutes after epidural block uterine activity increased again and attained the same level as during the last 10 minutes before analgesia. The frequency of uterine con‐tractious did not decrease after the block. The lower levels of uterine contractility were due only to a lower amplitude of the contractions. The regularizing effect of epidural analgesia on incoordinate uterine action was noted. The recording of fetal heart rate in the time interval studied revealed no pathological findings. Mode of delivery, mean labour duration and Apgar scores after epidural block were comparable with earlier studies of a larger patient population. This study suggest that epidural analgesia does not induce any important changes in fetal heart rate but temporarily decreases uterine activity.
Cervical Bacterial Flora in Women Fitted with A Copper‐Releasing Intra‐Uterine Contraceptive Device (IUD)
Authors: Salmi Tuula , Järvinen Helinä , Rauramo Lauri , Timonen Henri
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A bacterial culture was taken from the cervix in 85 sexually active women before, and 3 and 6 months after, insertion of either a copper‐releasing or an inert intra‐uterine contraceptive device (IUD). Sixty had a Copper‐T (TCu‐200) and 25 a Lippes loop D. Although in more than a quarter of the patients the bacterial flora increased slightly in diversity and abundance after IUD insertion, there was no difference in effect between the TCu‐200 and Lippes loop D.
Hct and Thyroid Function in Molar Pregnancy
Authors: Tojo Shimpei , Kanazawa Seiichi , Saida Koji , Nakamura Akira
Published: December 2009

Abstract. HCT, TSH, T3, T4, PBI, T3‐RSU, TBG binding capacity, BMR and thyroid uptake of radioiodine were measured simultaneously on the volunteers with hydatidiform mole and normal pregnancy, TRH stimulation tests were performed on the two groups. The serum HCT levels were higher in association with molar pregnancy than in normal pregnancy. TSH levels were within the nonpregnant range in the two groups. T3, T4, PBI, ETR, BMR and thyroid uptake of radioiodine suggested thyroid hyperfunction in molar pregnancy with a greater degree than that in normal pregnancy. TBG binding capacity and T3‐RSU were similar in the two groups. The peak TSH levels of TRH stimulation tests ranged widely in patients with molar pregnancies but were within the nonpregnant range in the subjects with normal pregnancies. These findings suggest thyroid hyperfunction in the molar pregnancy is due to a larger amount of HCT than in normal pregnancy.
Ceruloplasmin and Copper Level in Maternal and Cord Blood and in the Placenta in Normal Pregnancy and in Pre‐Eclampsia
Authors: Fattah Mohamed M. A. , Ibrahim Fawzia K. , Ramadan Mohyi A. , Sammour Mohamed B.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Copper and ceruloplasmin were assayed in maternal and cord blood sera and in the placenta of 10 women with normal pregnancies, in 10 patients mild and 10 with severe pre‐eclampsia. Copper and ceruloplasmin levels were significantly elevated in the maternal blood of preeclamptic patients as compared with normal pregnant women. the placental and cord blood concentrations of copper and ceruloplasmin showed non‐significant changes, which indicates that their increase in the maternal blood is not of placental origin.
Serum Human Placental Lactogen (HPL) Levels in Patients with Intact Hydatidiform Mole
Authors: Lim Y. C. , Chew S. C. , Ratnam S. S.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Serum human placental lactogen (HPL) levels in forty cases of intact hydatidiform mole were measured by radioimmunoassay. the HPL values were generally lower than normal pregnancies of the corresponding period of gestation. However, normal and occasionally higher than normal values were observed in a few cases. Serum HPL level alone is of some clinical use in the diagnosis of hydatidiform mole. When combined with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), a low HPL/HCG ratio for the corresponding period of amenorrhoea is a useful index in the diagnosis of hydatidiform mole.
Changes in Cardiac Function During and After Pregnancy Expressed by Systolic Time Intervals
Authors: Sørensen Birgit , Laursen Kjeld , Rasmussen Jens Peter , Suadicani Bente
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Hemodynamic changes during the first and third trimester in pregnancy and in the first week of puerperium were evaluated by non‐invasive measurements of Systolic Time Intervals (STI) in supine and left lateral position. the Pre‐ejection Period (PEP) was found to shorten significantly in pregnancy and the puerperium due to the increased blood volume. the electro‐mechanical systole (QS2) and left ventricular ejection time (LVET) were shortened too, while PEP/LVET‐ratio was increased in the third trimester due to the mechanical compression of the gravid uterus on the inferior vena cava. A lengthening of QS2 and LVET and a decreased PEP and P/L‐ratio were demonstrated in the third trimester in lateral position when the pressure of the enlarged uterus was eliminated. Heart rate (HR) increased in late pregnancy as well as after delivery, while arterial blood pressure (BP) only underwent minor changes. Employment of the STI seems to provide more useful information about the changes in cardiac function during gestation than HR and BP does. the measurements of STI can be repeated without any risk or inconvenience to the patients.
A Comparative Study of Uterine Activity in Labour Induced with Prostaglandin F2α Or Oxytocin and in Spontaneous Labour
Authors: Lindmark Gunilla , Nilsson Bo A.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The uterine contraction patterns and the changes in fetal heart rate (FHR) were studied in cardio‐tocographic recordings from 26 women in oxytocin‐induced labour, 26 women in PGF2α‐induced labour and 24 women during the later part of spontaneous labour. the contraction patterns and their effect on the FHR did not differ between the three groups. During the course of labour an increasing steepness of the upward slope of the contraction wave with increasing intensity of the contraction was found. High frequency of atypical contraction patterns, suggesting some degree of uterine incoordination was found during the active phase of labour in 10 patients, 8 of whom were primiparae. This incoordination could not be related to the effect of induction with either drug. Incoordinated contractions were associated with longer duration of labour and a tendency to more pronounced acidosis in the infant at birth, although mean values still fell in the normal range. Ominous FHR patterns were only seen in 2 cases of uterine hyperactivity during induction of labour.
MATERNAL DEATHS IN ICELAND 1911–1975
Authors: Snædal Gunnlaugur
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Death certificates for all deaths in Iceland are available since 1911. In this report on maternal deaths, all women who died after the 28th week of pregnancy, during delivery and during the first eight weeks after delivery are included, irrespective of the cause of death. Out of 225 891 women who delivered during the 65‐year period, 321 women died. Maternal deaths per thousand deliveries have declined from 3.89 to 0.09 from the first 5‐year period (1911–1915) to the last 5 years of the observation time (1970–1975). The three main causes of maternal deaths, puerperal fever, haemorrhage and toxaemia, are discussed. Since the new Maternity Clinic at Landspitalinn opened in 1949 it has been the main department for obstetrics and gynecology in Iceland, to which a great majority of complicated cases in pregnancy and delivery are referred. Since 1949, 39411 women have delivered at this department. There have been 15 maternal deaths at the clinic or 0.4 per thousand. A separate table (Table III) shows the age, parity and causes of death in the 15 cases. Maternal deaths in Iceland during the last decade occur in one per 11 000 deliveries. This is a problem of communication as well as a medical problem.
MATERNAL MORTALITY IN AUSTRALIA 1964–72
Authors: Townsend Lance
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Statistics covering deaths directly due to pregnancy in the Commonwealth of Australia have been available since the turn of the century. However, those for deaths associated with pregnancy have not. Over the past two decades each State in the Commonwealth has set up Maternal Mortality Committees to collect confidential information on each maternal death, both direct (where the death is directly attributable to pregnancy or childbirth) and associated (where the death is associated with but not directly due to pregnancy or childbirth). New South Wales had set up the first such Committee in the 1930's, and this has since been followed by the other States. Most of the States have published reports from time to time but, owing to the small numbers involved, these reports have been limited in the conclusions that could be made. Confidential information on each maternal death is obtained and is considered by the State Maternal Mortality Committee. The cause of death is confirmed and classified. A necropsy is usually performed in each instance, the pathologist travelling to the town where the death has occurred, if requested.
DANAZOL: AN ANTIGONADOTROPHIC AGENT IN THE TREATMENT OF RECURRENT PELVIC AND INTESTINAL ENDOMETRIOSIS
Authors: Ingerslev Mogens
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Six cases of pelvic endometriosis were treated with Danazol 400 mg daily for six months. In four of these cases, intestinal endometriosis of varying severity was also present. The initial results were very satisfactory except in one case with adenomyosis and continuous spotting. Follow‐up after cessation of treatment suggests that in some cases a further period of treatment will be necessary.
UTERINE ACTIVITY IN DIABETES INSIPIDUS
Authors: åkerlund Mats , Andersson Karl‐Erik , Bengtsson Lars Philip , Laudanski Tadeusz
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In two nonpregnant women with cranial diabetes insipidus, myometrial activity under different hormonal conditions was studied by intrauterine pressure recording. Recordings were performed when the women were under the influence of their regular treatment with des‐aminocys1‐D‐arg8‐vasopressin (DDAVP), and when they had fully developed symptoms of their disease. Uterine activity was similar to that found in normal women under the same hormonal conditions, and generally did not change when symptoms of lack of vasopressin appeared. Both DDAVP (15–20 μg), given intranasally, and lysin vasopressin (0.2 IU), given intravenously, stimulated uterine activity, particularly in late secretory menstrual phase. It is suggested that endogenous vasopressin is of minor importance for the induction of spontaneous uterine activity in nonpregnant women.
PREREQUISITES FOR TUBOPLASTY
Authors: Siegler Alvin M.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Techniques in measuring tubal patency and interpretation of findings can be misleading. Laparoscopic study of infertile women with suspected, diseased fallopian tubes is always prerequisite to tuboplasty. Observations must be accompanied by intrauterine injection of adequate amounts of dye and gentle tubal manipulations. Determined efforts should be made to eliminate reconstructive operations on nonsalvageable tubes because successful term pregnancies following tuboplasties are related more to the extent of tubal damage than to operative technique or postoperative management.
IS THERE A CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PREMALIGNANT LESIONS OF THE CERVIX?
Authors: Fredricsson B. , Nasiell M. , Sennerstam R. , Wadås A. M.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The selection of women approached for cytologic screening is based on previous studies on age distribution and prevalence and consequent considerations on the risk of developing invasive carcinoma. In order to check if this is appropriate the results of the screening of pregnant women being selected irrespective of their age has been studied for two periods, 1961–64 and 1972. The frequency of lesions was remarkably high among the teenagers of both periods. A significant increase in the incidence of lesions was noted for the period 1972. This increase is most evident in the ages 21 to 30. A shift to more severe lesions was found among the teenagers and in the groups between 31 and 40. In conclusion more effort should be made with respect to cytologic screening of young women, particularly when pregnant. The increased frequency of cytologic atypias among women between 21 and 30 should focus the attention to the possibility that the epidemiology or premalignant lesions of the uterine cervix is changing.
The Effect of Dexamethasone Therapy in Prolonged Pregnancy
Authors: Jenssen Helge , Wright Per Bernhard
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Fifty‐six patients, chosen by random sampling from a total group of 120 post‐term women, received dex‐amethasone (Decadron®, “MSD”) 2 mg 3 times a day for 4 days, the other 64 patients acting as controls.

The evolution of uterine activity was evaluated using pelvic score (PS) and a modified low dosage oxytocin sensitivity test (OST) before (T1) and after (T2) the treatment.

During the interval from the second to the 6th day inclusive after T1 35 women of the dexamethasone group and 15 of the control group had a spontaneous onset of labour (SO) (0.001<P<0.01).

Five patients in the dexamethasone group with primary rupture of membranes started labour spontaneously within 12 hours after membrane rupture, 7 patients in the control group with primary rupture of membranes received oxytocin as labour did not start within 24 hours.

Excluding patients artificially induced, the mean interval from T1 to SO was 6.8 days in the control group and 5.2 days in the dexamethasone group (P<0.001).

In both groups PS and the sum of Montevideo units (MU) during OST increased from T1 to T2, the increase was significantly greater in the dexamethasone group than in the control group. We found no correlation between the results of OST and the T1‐SO interval. Dexamethasone, as used in this study, may promote labour in prolonged human pregnancy. Due to its low potency, it is not a substitute for oxytocin in the induction of labour.

The lowered placento‐fetal quotient in the dexamethasone group warrants further study of the effects of steroid hormone on placental function.
Immunity to Modified Seminal Plasma Antigens Associated with Subfertility
Authors: Chen Christopher , Simons Malcolm J. , Ratnam S. S.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The technique of counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) has been used to detect precipitin reactions between sera from subfertile and fertile patients and seminal plasma antigens. Freshly ejaculated seminal plasma lacked antigenicity detectable by CIE. Seminal plasmas obtained as part of routine semen analyses and therefore left to stand for varying periods, showed activity. In a study of 60 spouse seminal plasmas which were collected in routine fashion and then incubated at 37°C, antigenic activity appeared after varying periods of incubation. Activity was most commonly detected after 18 hours' incubation usually lasting for 6 hours or more. A pool of 37 seminal plasmas (PSP), which was rendered antigenic by incubation, reacted on CIE with 156 (85.7%) of 182 sera from subfertile patients and with 80 (63.0%) of 127 sera from fertile women. In three of the positive sera, the immunoglobulin fraction was recovered and found to contain the components binding with PSP antigen. The PSP material was bacteriologically contaminated and on culture 7 bacterial types were isolated–pseudo‐monas aeruginosa, proteus mirabilis, bacillus subtilis, non‐haemolytic and haemolytic diphtheroids, mucoid E. coli, and streptococcus faecalis. Pooled cell free extracts (CFE) from these bacteria reacted with 154 (84.6%) of the subfertility patients and 68 (53.5 %) of the comparison subjects. Use of a 3‐well CIE procedure revealed the presence of some of these CFE bacterial antigens in PSP. A component distinct from the bacterial antigens was observed in PSP. This antigenic component is thought to represent seminal plasma antigen(s) resulting from bacterial action. Its appearance is induced by contact of seminal plasma with any of the 7 bacterial types, but not by incubation of sterile seminal plasma alone, or in combination with CFE or bacterial protease. A proportion of the bacterial antigen(s) was heat labile. Those that were thermostable were removed from PSP by absorption with chicken anti‐bacterial antisera. The absorbed PSP reacted with 58 (31.2%) of the subfertile subjects and 15 (11.8%) of the fertile women. The subfertile group was subdivided into primary and secondary subfertility, and again according to whether conception occurred during the course of the study. A difference in CIE positivity was observed in the secondary, but not in the primary, subfertile women. Twenty‐two (61.1 %) of the 36 secondary subfertile women who failed to conceive were CIE positive, in contrast to 6 (20.7%) of the 29 women who became pregnant (p<0.005).
Management of Carcinoma in situ of the Uterine Cervix by Selective Local Excision
Authors: Ahlgren Mats , Lindberg Lars Göran , Nordqvist Staffan R. B.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Local excision of severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix by punch biopsies was the treatment in 366 cases. In 61%, cervical cytology reverted to negative or slight atypia. 153 patients have been followed from 1 to 7 years. Failures to remove the entire lesion were discovered within the first year of follow‐up in all cases but 10. Complications were negligible and no patients have subsequently developed invasive cancer of the cervix. Selective local excision as an alternative to other minimally traumatic techniques, e.g. cryotherapy is discussed. Although the failure rate is slightly higher with local excision, an obvious advantage is the availability of all removed tissue for histopathologic diagnosis. Thus, the risk of overlooking microinvasive disease is reduced to a minimum.
Severe Haemorrhage from the Non‐Pregnant Uterus as a Result of Cicatricial Necrosis After Cervical Caesarian Section
Authors: Madsen Peter , Olsen Carl Eli
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Two cases are reported where severe uterine haemorrhage caused by cicatricial necrosis occurred one month after cervical caesarian section. The aetiology, diagnosis, therapy, and prophylaxis are discussed and reference is made to previously reported data.
PHARMACOKINETIC AND PHARMACODYNAMIC STUDIES ON OESTRADIOL VALERIANATE ADMINISTERED ORALLY TO POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: Englund D. E. , Johansson E. D. B.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Peripheral plasma from four postmenopausal women was analysed for oestrone (E1) and oestradiol (E2) during 48 hours after oral intake of a single tablet of 2 mg Progynon® (oestradiol valerianate). Plasma levels of E1, E2 and d‐norgestrel were analysed daily in five postmenopausal women during treatment with tablet Cyclabil® (oestradiol valerianate in a biphasic preparation with dl‐norgestrel) in 21 days. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was utilized for the quantifications. Pretreatment plasma levels of E1 were about 20 pg/ml and E2 about 12 pg/ml. It is concluded that oestradiol valerianate is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and converted to E1. This is reflected by plasma levels of E1 considerably higher than those of E2. The E2 levels found were in the range of those in ovulatory women, while the oestrone levels were higher.
Fever and Parturition an Experimental Study in Rabbits
Authors: Kullander Stig
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The hyperthermic effect of purified lipopolysaccharides (Pyrexal, Wander) was tested and analyzed in pregnant rabbits. The fever produced premature deliveries‐probably caused by oxytocin, released from the posterior pituitary‐in 50% of 40 tested rabbits on the 31st day of gestation. Injections of Syntocinon had a roughly equally strong effect. In control animals injection of saline did not accelerate delivery.

The offspring of several animals, in which hyperthermia had been induced, were born dead.

Fever during pregnancy thus can result in premature delivery and in injury to the fetus. Fever and febrile conditions occurring during pregnancy should therefore be treated as promptly and as effectively as possible.
MASS SCREENING IN SWEDEN FOR CANCER OF THE UTERINE CERVIX
Authors: Kjellgren Olle
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The mass screening program in Sweden for cancer of the uterine cervix, which was started in 1964, is now almost nation‐wide. Approximately a quarter of a million women are screened every year. The attendance varies between 55 and 90%. Approximately two per cent of the screened female population is invited to further examination or treatment. The yield through the mass screening program varies between 3.5 and 10 positive cases per 1000 examined women.

The incidence of cancer of the cervix is decreasing. This is most evident in those counties, which have been carrying out the screening program for about ten years.

The stage distribution in cancer of the cervix has not been changed by the screening program. Mortality in cancer of the cervix is unchanged. There has been an enormous increase in the number of diagnosis of cancer in situ of the cervix, which is a difficult practical problem.
CERVICAL CANCER. MASS SCREENING, INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY IN FINLAND
Authors: Timonen S. , Pyörälä T.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Since mass screenings were started in Finland, the incidence of cervical cancer has dropped by about 50 per cent. In the age groups 25‐60 the decrease has been two thirds.

Moreover, there has been a similar decrease in mortality in the younger age groups, in particular. All risk groups are not covered by the screening program, however. Cervical carcinoma is still a socio‐medical and clinical problem particularly among elderly women.

Mass screening was started in Finland in the beginning of the 1960s (6, 7, 8, 9). The task of organizing the activities was delegated to the Finnish Cancer Association. Mainly on the initiative of their female members, the responsible communal political organs granted the money required for carrying out mass screening. By the end of the 1960s, all Finnish communes had joined the mass screening project as a result of campaigns arranged by the Cancer Association (Fig. 1).

The communal authorities were informed about the importance of regularly examining all risk groups of women starting from the age at which the risk is rising up to the age of 60. For both political and other reasons it was decided first to screen the female population of working age. In part, this policy was adopted because screening of these age groups could be expected to yield demonstrable results most rapidly. Were the same sums distributed over all age groups of women, as might have seemed more just from a humanitarian viewpoint, an equally conspicuous effect could not be achieved. The communes started their activities in various ways, depending on their possibilities of realizing the project. As appears from Fig. 1, in most places only women aged 30‐, 35‐, 40‐, 45‐, 50‐ and 55‐ were screened. The five‐year interval was a compromise, and not a bad one, as seen later. Only in a few towns were larger sums reserved for screening of the total female population. This was the case for instance in Turku (3).

The results have been annually collected and transferred to magnetic tape by the Central Office of the Finnish Cancer Registry (5).

During the first few years the costs amounted to 15 Fmk per case. Today, the price is 22 Fmk per case (about 5.7$), including postage for the invitation to attend examination mailed on the basis of the population registry. This low level of costs is a result of rationalization. The rate of participation has been between 75 and 97 per cent.
Tubo‐Ovarian Abscess in Pregnancy
Authors: Jafari Kianoosh , Vilovic‐Kos Jasminka , Webster Augusta , Stepto Robert C.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A case of tubo‐ovarian abscess in a patient with term pregnancy is reported. Nineteen reports of ovarian or tubo‐ovarian abscesses are collected from the literature and analyzed. the treatment is discussed.
The Influence of Smoking On the Haemostatic Mechanism in Pregnancy
Authors: Condie R. G. , Pirani B. B. K.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A prospective study through pregnancy is described comparing smokers with non‐smokers in an attempt to assess possible changes in the haemostatic mechanism. Various components of the coagulation and fibrinolytic enzyme systems were assayed serially up to 38 weeks of gestation. Plasma fibrinogen was lower in the smokers than in the non‐smokers. Also plasminogen was slightly decreased and plasminogen activator activity and serum F. D. P. increased in the former group. Although the results failed to demonstrate major disseminated intravascular coagulation in smokers, the pattern of a possible low grade syndrome emerged.
α‐1 Fetoprotein in Cord Serum Correlated to Gestational Age
Authors: Edeling Carl‐Johan , Schiøler Vibeke , Thisted Jørgen
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Measurement of α1‐fetoprotein by rocket im‐muno‐electrophoresis in cord serum from a consecutive series of 422 newborn infants showed a negative correlation with gestational age. the coefficient of correlation was ÷0.70 for girls and ÷0.74 for boys. For a given α1‐fetoprotein concentration in cord blood the confidence limits for prediction of gestational age for both sexes were calculated to ±24 days. It is concluded that determination of α1‐fetoprotein in cord serum is of limited help in the evaluation of maturity.
Postmenopausal Tuberculous Pyometra
Authors: Hasselgren Per Olof , Bolin Thomas
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A case of postmenopausal tuberculous pyo‐metra is reported together with a short review of the literature relating to this condition.
Pneumoperitoneum Without Clinical Peritonitis Due to Bilateral Pyosalpinx
Authors: Søreide Odd , Haukeland Willy , Bjerkeset Tormod
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A case of pneumoperitoneum without clinical peritonitis due to bilateral pyosalpinx is presented. This clinical condition has in the literature been called “spontaneous or idiopathic pneumoperitoneum”, and conservative treatment in such cases has been advocated. As shown in our case severe intraperitoneal pathology may exist, and we therefore advocate early explorative laparotomy in all patients with pneumoperitoneum without peritonitis.
Chorionepitheliosis: A Rare Benign Trophoblastic Disease
Authors: van Bogaert Louis J. , Staquet Jean‐P.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Chorionepitheliosis, a benign trophoblastic disease, is a rare entity since only 26 cases have been published. the diagnosis was made in two instances and microscopic, biological and clinical data are presented. the lesion must be distinguished from syncytial endometritis, chorioadenoma destruens and choriocarcinoma. the possible histogenesis is discussed.
Abnormal Ureteral Peristaltic Activity During Pregnancy
Authors: Ulmsten Ulf
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Ureteral peristalsis in five pregnant patients with signs of acute renal outflow obstruction was studied with the aid of a new technique for recording intraureteral pressure (ureterometry). with this technique it is possible to record the intraureteral pressure at three different levels in the ureter simultaneously. the rate of propagation and direction of the peristaltic waves can thus be determined. Retrograde peristalsis was found in three of the five patients and in one patient no peristaltic activity was present at all. the fifth patient demonstrated normal antegrade peristalsis. the findings at renography in the acute stage were in accordance with the ureterometric data.
Cyclic Fluctuation in Noradrenaline Transmitter of the Monkey Oviduct
Authors: Sjöberg N. O. , Johansson E. D. B. , Owman Ch. , Rosengren E. , Walles B.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Cyclic variations in noradrenaline of the sympathetic nerves (“short adrenergic neurons”) innervating the smooth musculature of the oviduct have been determined by fluorescence histochemistry and fluorometric measurements in monkeys (Macaca mulatta). During the secretory phase there is more than twice as much neuronal noradrenaline in the oviduct compared with the proliferative phase. This suggests, that the system of adrenergic nerves in the primate oviduct is involved in the motility changes associated with alterations in the level of endogenous estrogen and progesterone during the menstrual cycle.
Effects Upon the Fetus of Oxygen Administration to the Mother
Authors: Myers R. E. , Stånge L. , Joelsson I. , Huzell B. , Wussow C.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Catheters were placed into assorted arteries and veins of 8 anaesthetized pregnant monkeys and their fetuses. Oxygen‐sensitive electrodes were also inserted subcutaneously into 3 of the 8 fetuses. Periodic samples of maternal and fetal blood were analyzed for PO2, PCO2 and pH. Oxygen administration to the mothers reliably increased the PO2 of blood taken from the fetal carotid artery and less constantly augmented the PO2 of blood withdrawn from the femoral artery and vein. During 5–6 hours of study the oxygen tension of fetal blood samples of all animals progressively declined. However, the most marked declines in PO2 values at all fetal sites were regularly observed at those times as—or after—the mothers emerged from anaesthesia. At these times also the magnitudes of the increases in fetal blood PO2 brought about by administering oxygen to the mothers diminished markedly and in parallel at all sample sites. The closely similar magnitudes of these various reductions at all fetal sample sites indicate that the basic mechanisms leading to decreased oxygen delivery lie outside the fetuses and are most likely due to decreased maternal blood flow to the uterus because of increased maternal sympathetic stimulation. These reductions in oxygen delivery to the fetus are all regularly reversed by reanaesthetizing the mothers. The studies carried out with oxygen‐sensitive electrodes demonstrate that administering oxygen to the mothers regularly increases oxygen tension of fetal tissues but after a 50 sec delay.
Ovarian biopsy in the evaluation of amenorrhea
Authors: Karam Karam , Mroueh Adnan
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Endoscopic ovarian biopsies were performed on 78 amenorrheic patients in an attempt to determine the etiology of their amenorrhea and predict its prognosis, correlating the histologic examination with physical findings, endocrine patterns and cytogenetic studies. Ovarian follicles were present while gonadotropins were high in 14 cases (6 primary, 8 secondary) and there were no follicles in 4 cases (3 primary, 1 secondary) whose gonadotropins were low. Secondary sex characteristics were well developed without prior estrogen stimulation in 5 cases of primary amenorrhea who had no follicles and whose gonadotropins were either low, 3, or high, 2. The mere presence of ovarian follicles was not enough to make them responsive to gonadotropin stimulation whether endogenous or exogenous; a phenomenon that had to do with the quality and quantity of germinal follicles available. The histologic examination of ovarian tissue for the evaluation of amenorrhea has been made feasible and relatively safe through recent advances in endoscopic techniques
The effects of isoproterenol on fetal oxygenation
Authors: Myers R. E. , Joelsson I. , Adamsons K.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Infusion of isoproterenol (1 μg/kg/min, i.v.) into the anesthetized pregnant rhesus monkey near term consistently reduced fetal oxygenation, despite diminishing myometrial activity. The decline in pO2 of fetal arterial blood (mean=4.3 ± 2.3 mmHg S.D.) was accompanied by an increase in pCO2 tension (mean=4.6 ± 2.7 mmHg) and a decline in pH (mean=0.04 ± 0.02 S.D.). There was an increase in heart rate and a widening of pulse pressure in the mother and also in the adequately oxygenated fetus providing evidence that the agent crosses the placenta. The poorly oxygenated fetuses developed bradycardia and hypotension. Administration of isoproterenol directly to the fetus elicited similar changes in the composition of blood, and in blood pressure and heart rate, to those observed after administration of the agent to the mother
Comparison of extra‐amniotic instillation of rivanol and pgf2α either separately or in combination followed by oxytocin for second trimester abortion
Authors: Ölund Anders , Larsson Bertil
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Second trimester abortion was induced in 92 women by extra‐amniotic instillation of Rivanol and/or PGF2α followed by intravenous oxytocin after 24 hours. All instillations were made via a catheter with a balloon filled with 30 ml and left in place until abortion, but never for more than 24 hours. Induction was started by Rivanol alone (n=23), PGF2α alone (n=23), Rivanol combined with PGF2α (n=23), or Rivanol combined with half dose PGF2α (n = 23) and the patients were allotted to the different groups in a random manner. The Rivanol solution was instilled as a single dose but PGF2α was instilled every 2nd hour for 24 hours. The mean induction‐abortion time was similar in all 4 groups but a number of patients given PGF2α alone or in combination with Rivanol aborted earlier than patients induced by Rivanol alone, during the period before intravenous oxytocin was administered. Gastrointestinal side effects were equally common after Rivanol as after PGF2α. With the methods and doses used in the present investigation PGF2α alone or combined with Rivanol with subsequent oxytocin had no over‐all advantage over Rivanol.