bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population Data for Students with Visual Impairments in the United States
Authors: Schles Rachel Anne
Published: May 2021

Introduction:

The purpose of this study was to determine how many young children and students (birth to 22 years old) were identified with visual impairments and receiving special education services in the United States. Professionals estimate at least 50% of students with visual impairments have additional disabilities and are not identified as having a visual impairments for the purposes of the federal Child Count census; therefore, the differences between Child Count and states’ total population counts were explored.

Methods:

A mixed-methods survey was sent to each U.S. state to determine the total population of students with visual impairments (birth to 22 years old) during the 2016–2017 school year.

Results:

The 49 responding states reported an average total population four times greater than the number of students with visual impairments than were documented in Child Count data. Many states had limited or no data on their total population of students with visual impairments.

Discussion:

The findings demonstrate many states are making policy and administrative decisions based on Child Count data not their total population data of students with visual impairments (e.g., planning for 100 students with a primary disability of visual impairments rather than a total population of 405 students with visual impairments). Misuse of Child Count data contributes to underfunding and under-hiring of teachers of students with visual impairments and orientation and mobility instructors. How to address these issues at a systemic level so all students with visual impairments receive appropriate access to resources and quality instruction is also discussed.

Implications for practitioners:

Practitioners can use available population data across states to educate decision makers at local and state levels regarding the differences between Child Count and total population data for students with visual impairments. Statewide vision programs can also circumvent limited data collection programs at the state level by developing their own systems for total population counts of students with visual impairments.
Governing by Polling Public Opinion: A Potentially Dangerous Idea for Our Healthcare System
Authors: Gugiu Paul Cristian
Published: May 2021

Kaplan and Baron-Epel advanced the notion that findings from public surveys should inform health policy decision making with respect to funding allocation. This approach to governing can draw large support from the populace, legislators, and the academic community alike. Yet, it has the potential to undermine evidence-based health policy decision making. In this paper, I delineate six drawbacks and several related corollaries drawn from historical events that have occurred during the recent coronavirus pandemic. These examples illustrate the dire downstream consequences (e.g., disregard for the needs of minority groups; diminution of critical services not broadly supported by the public; promotion of fringe group or foreign actor agendas; advancement of poorly informed opinions; shift from a forward-thinking, proactive perspective to a retroactive one; and reliance on potentially biased estimates) that may follow if public surveys become embedded in healthcare policy decision making. Without solutions to the drawbacks delineated in this paper, health policy driven by public opinion is likely to cause more harm than good.
Parent–Child Leisure and Parent Affect: The Role of Family Structure
Authors: Hodge Camilla J. , Wikle Jocelyn
Published: May 2021

This study evaluates differences in parent–child leisure and parent affect across single- and two-parent families. The Ecology of Family Experiences framework suggests contextual factors such as family structure and the novelty of the activity environment contribute to heterogeneity in how parents experience leisure, partly because constraints may differ across family structures. Using a large, nationally representative data sample of parents from the American Time Use Survey (N = 78,353), this study shows single-parents experience leisure deficits compared to other parents, and leisure deficits are greatest in home-based leisure. Additionally, using a subsample (N = 16,214), we found that at-home leisure is more meaningful for single parents than other parents, suggesting avoidance behaviors do not drive differences. Instead, structural constraints like time and money likely curb leisure in single-parent homes. Findings have policy implications, because many leisure programs target away-from-home leisure which is less restorative to single parents.
Evaluation of biomarkers related to zinc nutritional status, antioxidant activity and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Duarte Graziela Biude Silva , Callou Kátia Rau de Almeida , Almondes Kaluce Gonçalves de Sousa , Rogero Marcelo Macedo , Pollak Daniel Feldman , Cozzolino Silvia Maria Franciscato
Published: May 2021

Background:

Oxidative stress (OS) is an important process related to the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis and can be increased by the low intake of antioxidants. Zinc (Zn) is an important antioxidant trace-element for human health and the assessment of the nutritional status of this micronutrient in these patients is of relevance.

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate Zn nutritional status in rheumatoid arthritis patients and its relation to OS.

Methods:

A case–control study was carried out with 51 patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA group) recruited in Hospital São Paulo (São Paulo, Brazil) and 55 healthy women (CO group) from the campus of the University of São Paulo. Blood and 24-hour urine collection were used for biochemical parameters related to Zn status and OS. The assessment of dietary Zn was performed by three 24-hour dietary recalls.

Results:

The RA group presented significative low Zn intake ( p < 0.001) and plasma concentration ( p = 0.040) of this mineral compared to the CO group. However, both groups were Zn deficient and the disease activity (DAS28 score) for RA patients did not influence Zn biomarkers. In addition, the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) activity and the urinary 8-isoprostanes were reduced in RA patients.

Conclusion:

The evaluation of dietary intake and biochemical biomarkers indicates that rheumatoid arthritis patients are zinc deficient and have increased OS.
Social and parasocial relationships during COVID-19 social distancing
Authors: Bond Bradley J.
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic provided an extraordinarily unique opportunity to investigate how sudden, involuntary alterations to social routines influenced not just social relationships, but also parasocial relationships with fictional characters and celebrities. Results from a four-wave panel survey administered during the COVID-19 pandemic ( N = 166) revealed that social relationships maintained their stability during social distancing, particularly among participants who increased mediated social engagement with friends and those low in attachment anxiety. Parasocial closeness with media personae increased over time, suggesting that favorite media personae became more meaningful as participants engaged in social distancing. Parasocial closeness increased with greater intensity among participants who increased parasocial engagement, reduced face-to-face social engagement with friends, increased mediated social engagement with friends, and those low in attachment anxiety. Results are discussed in terms of the potential influence of increased mediated social engagement with real-life friends on the parasocial processing of celebrities and fictional characters.
Achieving sustainable development by enhancing the quality of institutions in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Albassam Bassam A
Published: May 2021

Economic and human development have been central to all of Saudi Arabia’s strategic plans since 1970, yet the country has not managed to achieve a sustainable rate of development. This study analyzes the most significant governmental dimensions in Saudi Arabia’s economic and human development. This research focuses on helping decision-makers to accomplish and sustain the outcomes of the country’s specific development plans (e.g., Vision 2030). The study uses data collected in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 1996 and 2017 and cubic regression analysis to answer the research questions: Is there a relationship between good governance practices and economic development (i.e., economic growth and human development) in Saudi Arabia? Which good governance factors are the most significant for Saudi Arabia’s economic development? The results agree with the extant literature on Saudi Arabia and other developing countries, which suggests that the Saudi government needs to augment governmental effectiveness, control corruption, and enhance its accountability levels to create and maintain an efficient and effective governing system.
A Bayesian Framework for Patient-Level Partitioned Survival Cost-Utility Analysis
Authors: Gabrio Andrea
Published: May 2021

Patient-level health economic data collected alongside clinical trials are an important component of the process of technology appraisal. For end-of-life treatments, the modeling of cost-effectiveness data may involve some form of partitioned survival analysis, in which measures of quality of life and survival for pre- and postprogression periods are combined to generate aggregate measures of clinical benefits (e.g., quality-adjusted survival). In addition, resource use data are often collected and costs are calculated for each type of health service (e.g., treatment, hospital, or adverse events costs). A critical problem in these analyses is that effectiveness and cost data present some complexities, such as nonnormality, spikes, and missingness, which should be addressed using appropriate methods to avoid biased results. This article proposes a general Bayesian framework that takes into account the complexities of trial-based partitioned survival cost-utility data to provide more adequate evidence for policy makers. Our approach is motivated by, and applied to, a working example based on data from a trial assessing the cost-effectiveness of a new treatment for patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer.

[Box: see text]
CAG repeats and one polymorphism in androgen receptor gene are associated with renal calcium stone disease
Authors: Basiri Abbas , Naji Mohammad , Houshmand Massoud , Shakhssalim Nasser , Golestan Banafsheh , Azadvari Mohaddeseh , Pakmanesh Hamid , Kashi Amir H
Published: May 2021

Purpose:

Evidence suggests that androgens can be involved in the pathogenesis of renal stones. This study aimed at investigating coding region polymorphisms and CAG repeats in androgen receptor (AR) and their association with active renal calcium stone disease.

Materials and Methods:

Male patients with calcium kidney stones ( N = 106) with at least two episodes of stone recurrence or size increase during the past 5 years (ASF) were enrolled from December 2008 to April 2009. Control individuals were recruited after matching for age and gender from healthy individuals without current stone or history of stone disease. Genetic sequencing and single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) were used to determine AR polymorphisms in the patients and controls.

Results:

Two polymorphisms were identified in the AR gene: Silent G to A polymorphism in the first exon of the AR gene and C to G polymorphism in intron 4. CAG repeats ranged from 12 to 37. The C/G polymorphism in intron 4 and CAG repeats were associated with the status of active renal calcium stone disease (all p < 0.05). The CC variant of C/G polymorphism was not observed in patients with stone disease. CAG repeats less than 20 and more than 28 were mostly observed in ASF patients ( p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

CAG repeats and intron 4 C/G polymorphism in the AR gene have an association with renal calcium stone disease.
Voices of Experience: What Do Low-Income Older Adults Tell Us About Mobility, Technology, and Social Participation?
Authors: Gallo Haley B. , Marshall Lia W. , Levy-Storms Lené , Wilber Kathleen H. , Loukaitou-Sideris Anastasia
Published: May 2021

Mobility and technology can facilitate in-person and virtual social participation to help reduce social isolation, but issues exist regarding older adults’ access, feasibility, and motivation to use various forms of mobility and technology. This qualitative study explores how a diverse group of low-income, urban-living older adults use mobility and technology for social participation. We conducted six focus groups ( N = 48), two each in English, Spanish, and Korean at a Los Angeles senior center. Three major themes emerged from thematic analysis: using technology for mobility; links between mobility and social participation; and technology-mediated social participation. Cost, perceived safety, (dis)ability, and support from family and friends were related to mobility and technology use. This study demonstrates the range of mobility and technology uses among older adults and associated barriers. The findings can help establish a pre-COVID-19 baseline on how to make mobility and technology more accessible for older adults at risk of isolation.
“I Really Want to Do Something”: How Civic Education Activities Promote Thinking Toward Civic Purpose Among Early Adolescents
Authors: Bauml Michelle , Quinn Brandy P. , Blevins Brooke , Magill Kevin R. , LeCompte Karon
Published: May 2021

Research has shown that youth and their communities benefit from civics education, with its aim to prepare citizens for democracy. However, civics education for adolescents in the United States is not equitable, and determining how to best measure aspects of civic development in younger adolescents is a challenge. In this qualitative study, we explored how the constructs of action civics and civic purpose might inform teachers, other practitioners, and researchers who are interested in understanding the kinds of educational opportunities that promote civic development in young adolescents. Specifically, we examined how activities characteristic of an action civics approach to civic education in the context of a week-long summer civics camp would influence young adolescents’ thinking across the dimensions of civic purpose. We conducted focus groups with 49 young adolescents (entering 5th-9th grades) as they participated in the civics camp, and we analyzed transcripts using qualitative content analysis. Our findings reveal four key considerations for promoting civic purpose development in young adolescents: the importance of adult guides, the significance of developmentally matched activities, opportunities for growth in educating diverse and marginalized youth in the civics camp setting, and action civics as a curricular mechanism for promoting civic purpose.
Preferred Place of Death—A Study of 2 Specialist Community Palliative Care Services in Australia
Authors: Saurman Emily , Allingham Sam , Draper Kylie , Edwards Julie , Moody Jeanette , Hooper Dawn , Kneen Kerrie , Connolly Jane , Eagar Kathy
Published: May 2021

Choice and preference are fundamental to person-centered care and supporting personal choice at the end of life should be a priority. This study analyzed the relationship between a person’s preferred place of death and other individual variables that might influence their actual place of death by examining the activity of 2 specialist community palliative care services in Australia. This was a cross-sectional study of 2353 people who died between 01 August 2016-31 August 2018; 81% died in their preferred place. Sex, type of life-limiting illness, and length of time in care were the only variables significantly related to dying in one’s preferred place. Women were more likely to die in their preferred place than men (84% v 78%) and people with a non-cancer diagnosis were 7% more likely to die in their preferred place than those with cancer, particularly when that place was their private residence (74% v 60%) or Residential Aged Care Facility (98% v 89%). Someone in care for 0-7 days had 4.2 times greater odds of dying in their preferred place (OR = 4.18, 2.20-7.94), and after 21 days in care, people had 4.6 greater odds of having a preference to die in a hospital (OR = 4.63, 3.58-5.99). Both community palliative care services have capacity and a model of care that is responsive to choice. These findings align with known referral patterns and disease trajectories and demonstrate that it is possible to support the majority of people in the care of community palliative care services to die in their preferred place.
Reducing Incarceration Rates in Australia Through Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Crime Prevention
Authors: Battams Samantha , Delany-Crowe Toni , Fisher Matthew , Wright Lester , McGreevy Michael , McDermott Dennis , Baum Fran
Published: May 2021

In Australia, incarceration rates have steadily increased since the 1980s, providing an imperative for crime prevention. We explored the extent to which Australian justice sector policies were aimed at preventing crime, using a framework for “primary, secondary and tertiary” crime prevention. We analyzed policies and legislation ( n = 141) across Australian jurisdictions (a census was undertaken from May to September 2016, with policies spanning from 1900 to 2022). We found a strong focus on tertiary crime prevention, with recidivism rather than root causes of crime problematised. We also found little focus on primary crime prevention, despite some high-level cross sectoral strategies designed to prevent crime. In this paper, we will use the framework of Bacchi’s “what’s the problem?” approach, considering levels of crime prevention, social determinants of health, and discourses surrounding crime. We discuss policy implications and make suggestions for policy reform and accountability mechanisms to reduce crime and incarceration.
Socioeconomic Factors Influence Health Information Seeking and Trust Over Time: Evidence From a Cross-Sectional, Pooled Analyses of HINTS Data
Authors: Fareed Naleef , Jonnalagadda Pallavi , Swoboda Christine M. , Samineni Pranav , Griesenbrock Tyler , Huerta Timothy
Published: May 2021

Purpose:

Assessed socioeconomic factors in health information seeking behavior and trust of information sources from 2007 to 2017.

Design:

Pooled cross-sectional survey data.

Setting:

Health Information National Trends Survey.

Participation:

Data included 6 iterations of U.S. adults (Pooled: N = 19,496; 2007: N = 3,593; 2011: N = 3,959; 2013: N = 3,185; FDA 2015: N = 3,738; 2017: N = 3,285; and FDA 2017: N = 1,736).

Measures:

Outcome variables were health information seeking, high confidence, and high trust of health information from several sources. Independent variables were education and income group, controlling for other sociodemographic variables.

Analysis:

Weighted descriptive and multivariate logistic regression for the pooled sample assessed associations by education and income. Fully interacted models with education/income-survey year interactions compared differences in outcomes between years.

Results:

We found information seeking, confidence, and trust were associated with income and education, which supported previously reported findings. Additionally, our findings indicated low-and medium-income groups had significantly lower odds of seeking health information compared to those in a high-income group. Regarding trust of information, a high school education was associated with higher odds of trust in family and friends. We also found that, over time, information seeking, confidence, and trust behavior differed by income and education, with some differences persisting.

Conclusion:

Disparities by income and education in trust of information sources remained across time. Understanding optimal information sources, their reach, and their credibility among groups could enable more targeted interventions and health messaging. We also describe the implications for our findings in the context of COVID-19.
Sensoriality, Social Interaction, and “Doing sensing” in Physical–Cultural Ethnographies
Authors: Allen-Collinson Jacquelyn , McNarry Gareth , Evans Adam B.
Published: May 2021

As recently highlighted, despite a burgeoning field of sensory ethnography, the practices, production, and accountability of the senses in specific social interactional contexts remain sociologically under-explored. To contribute original insights to a literature on the sensuous body in physical–cultural contexts, here we adopt an ethnomethodologically sensitive perspective to focus on the accomplishment, social organization, and accountability of sensoriality in interaction. Exploring instances of the senses at work in social interaction, we utilize data from two ethnographic research projects to investigate the production of running-together and swimming-together by skilled, experienced practitioners. We focus on two interlinked sensory modalities: auditory attunement, and vision and intercorporeality, identified as key dimensions of sensory embodiment and “togethering” in these particular domains.
A Discursive Analysis of Crisis Response Strategies in CEO Apologies—Drawing on Linguistic Insights from the Appraisal Framework
Authors: Wang Qian , Ngai Cindy Sing-Bik , Singh Rita Gill
Published: May 2021

When corporations are confronted with a crisis, well-crafted CEO apologies can serve to repair, restore, and rebuild a damaged corporate image. In prior research, the use of linguistic resources exhibited in CEO corporate apology discourse for different crisis response strategies has not been sufficiently examined. Drawing on the appraisal framework and subsumed linguistic resources, this study analyzed the discursive construction of crisis response strategies in the corporate apology discourse of leading companies listed in the Fortune Global 2000. The findings revealed an integrated use of crisis response strategies in which attitude appraisal resources predominated, while different types of appraisal resources were deployed in various crisis response strategies to achieve rhetorical persuasion in corporate communication. The proposed framework integrating crisis response strategies in CEO apology discourse with appraisal resources could guide CEOs and crisis communicators to use the right words when composing corporate apologies.
Changing the Composition of Beginning Teachers: The Role of State Alternative Certification Policies
Authors: Redding Christopher
Published: May 2021

Drawing on nationally representative data from six cohorts of beginning teachers from the Schools and Staffing Survey and the National Teacher and Principal Survey, this study applies a difference-in-differences research design to examine the relationship between changes to state-level alternative certification policies and the characteristics of new teachers. The introduction of alternate routes into teaching is associated with an increase in the fraction of new teachers of color in a state and the new teachers who graduated from selective colleges. No evidence was found of a relationship with the relative share of male teachers or teachers of in-demand subjects.
Bright ecological wisdom in Baruch 3:33–35
Authors: Tibbertsma Trevor
Published: May 2021

This short study seeks to highlight the rhetorical use of creation imagery in the sapiential Torah exhortation of Baruch 3:9–4:4. A methodology of rhetorical criticism will principally be used to investigate the style of this “ecologically” insightful part of the poem as well as its function in the wider message of the exhortation. The few short phrases of 3:33–35 effectively bolster the overall exhortation to adhere to the divine commandments as Israel is thereby invited to an imitation of creation in its reverent, unhesitating, joyful and Patriarch-like obedience to the divine will. To paraphrase this idea, “Hear O Israel, be like the light and the stars! Learn from creation and you will live.” Finally, this study seeks to contribute to the more recent attention to the Book of Baruch by commenting further on the previously accentuated unoriginality of this marvelous short work of Second Temple Jewish literature, especially with regard to its employment of some bright “ecological” wisdom.
Statistical characteristics of driver acceleration behaviour and its probability model
Authors: Liu Rui , Zhao Xuan , Zhu Xichan , Ma Jian
Published: May 2021

Naturalistic driving data were applied to study driver acceleration behaviour, and a probability model of the driver was proposed. First, the question of whether the database is large enough is resolved using kernel density estimation and Kullback-Liebler divergence. Next, the convergence database is utilised to achieve the bivariate acceleration distribution pattern. Subsequently, two probability models are proposed to explain the pattern. Finally, the statistical characteristics of the acceleration behaviours are studied to verify the probability models. The longitudinal and lateral acceleration behaviours always approximate a similar Pareto distribution. The braking, accelerating, and steering manoeuvres become more intense at first and then less intense as the velocity increases. These behaviours characteristics reveal the mechanism of the quadrangle bivariate acceleration distribution pattern. The bivariate acceleration behaviour of the driver will never reach a circle-shaped pattern. The bivariate Pareto distribution model can be applied to describe the bivariate acceleration behaviour of the driver.
Configuration development and optimization of hydraulically interconnected suspension for handling and ride enhancement
Authors: Damavandi Arash Darvish , Masih-Tehrani Masoud , Mashadi Behrooz
Published: May 2021

In this study, among 180 possible hydraulically interconnected suspension configurations, non-symmetric cases were eliminated and 24 potential configurations were selected for further investigation. A 14-DOF vehicle model capable of generating handling and ride motions is developed. At different manoeuvres and road inputs, the handling and ride performances are investigated for 24 configurations. Six hydraulic parameters are then optimized by the application of genetic algorithm in order to improve the ride. The handling performance is also investigated and results have shown that only four configurations provide better ride and handling performances simultaneously. The bounce acceleration response is shown to be reduced up to 47% for the four selected configurations. The roll and pitch angle responses were also reduced around 3% and 18% respectively. Four optimized configurations were also investigated under two sever ride and handling manoeuvres. It is shown that, for the vehicle with the optimized interconnected hydraulic suspension, the bounce acceleration response for a random road test is reduced up to 27% and the roll angle is reduced up to 18% for a side wind test.
Cold start analysis of an engine coolant-MWCNT nanofluid: Synthesis and viscosity behavior under shear stress
Authors: Sica Luiz U R , Contreras Edwin M C , Filho Enio P Bandarra , Parise José A R
Published: May 2021

During cold start of internal combustion engines, coolant temperature, and thermal conductivity are key parameters in the heat transfer processes that ultimately affect pollutant emissions and engine performance. Hereupon the use of coolants with suspended nanoparticles, to enhance thermal conductivity, emerged as a promising technology. However, for Newtonian materials, viscosity also increases with nanoparticle concentration. To overcome increased pumping power, the use of non-Newtonian nanofluids makes such application potentially feasible, specifically for shear-thinning materials, in which a higher shear rate leads to reducing shear viscosity due to higher shear stress. Accordingly, a nanofluid, suitable for engine cooling (0.2 wt.% MWCNT-engine coolant/distilled water 30/70 v/v%), was here fabricated and mapped. Shear rate and temperature were varied, with focus on cold start investigation. Shear thinning and shear thickening regions were mapped according to the shear rate levels, for each temperature considered. The nanofluid behaved as shear-thinning material for the entire range of temperatures (−10°C–25°C). Above shear rates of 500 s−1 and flow curves with temperatures below −5°C, a prominent shear thickening behavior was observed. Additionally, the relative apparent viscosity data were compared with four classical models. Regarding the curve fitting parameters of a modified Herschel-Bulkley equation, above 0°C, the apparent yield stress, [Formula: see text], was invariant with temperature. Besides, for the temperature range from 0°C to 20°C, the flow index remained approximately constant. For temperatures above −5°C, infinite-shear-rate viscosity and consistency index presented a linear decrease and a third-degree polynomial-like behavior, respectively.
Preliminary assessment of environmental performance of ice formwork production method for irregular architectural elements of concrete
Authors: Sitnikov Vasily , Rogers Patrick
Published: May 2021

The present article communicates knowledge in sustainability of a method of digital fabrication in precast concrete production. The method, known as Ice Formwork, serves in production of ultrathin lightweight architectural elements – a novel design typology that has emerged with the development of High-Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concrete (HPFRC), and helps to reduce cement consumption, adopt digital fabrication processes, and increase design flexibility. In practice, however, this production employs suboptimal methods of mould-making, using petrochemical or engineered wood products for single-use moulds, entailing excessive amounts of non-recyclable waste. The current work builds on the research and development of a novel production method Ice Formwork facilitated through single-use moulds made of artificially frozen water. Previously published work on the subject has covered topics such as cement hydration at subfreezing temperature, subtractive digital processing of ice and a case of practical application illustrated with the production of a prototype of a lightweight façade rain screen. Yet, since artificial refrigeration and processing of large amounts of water is essential for Ice Formwork production, the environmental performance of this method requires a thorough examination. Thus, the current piece of work attempts to address two major issues, namely: (1) Energy consumption of industrial refrigeration in production of Ice Formwork. (2) Changes in water mineral content after a cycle of Ice Formwork concrete production. For both topics, the research work required development of an original experimental methodology. This aspect has been given the great attention and required development of new technical solutions on many levels. Further research and development is needed to come to a comprehensive environmental assessment, and the results of the current study merely provide a preparatory overview that can help to orient and properly set the objectives for the following research stages.
United Kingdom British association for sexual health and HIV national guideline for the management of epididymo-orchitis, 2020
Authors: Chirwa Mimie , Davies Olubanke , Castelino Sheena , Mpenge Mbiye , Nyatsanza Farai , Sethi Gulshan , Shabbir Majid , Rayment Michael
Published: May 2021

The British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) UK guideline for the management of epididymo-orchitis has been updated in 2020. It offers advice on diagnostic tests, treatment and health promotion principles in the effective management of epididymo-orchitis. Empirical treatment should be started in patients with objective swelling and tenderness on testicular examination. First-line empirical treatment for sexually acquired epididymo-orchitis has changed to ceftriaxone 1g intramuscularly and doxycycline. Higher dose of ceftriaxone in line with the BASHH 2018 gonorrhoea guideline ensures effective treatment of strains with reduced susceptibility. Ofloxacin or doxycycline is recommended in patients with epididymo-orchitis probably due to non-gonococcal organisms (e.g. negative microscopy for gram-negative intracellular diplococci or no risk factors for gonorrhoea identified). Where Mycoplasma genitalium is tested and identified, treatment should include an appropriate antibiotic (e.g. moxifloxacin). If enteric pathogens are a likely cause (e.g. older patient, not sexually active, recent instrumentation, men who practice insertive anal intercourse, men with known abnormalities of the urinary tract or a positive urine dipstick for leucocytes and nitrites), ofloxacin and levofloxacin are recommended. A clinical care pathway has been produced to simplify the management of epididymo-orchitis. A patient information leaflet has been developed.
A systematic review of narrative interventions: Lessons for countering anti-vaccination conspiracy theories and misinformation
Authors: Lazić Aleksandra , Žeželj Iris
Published: May 2021

Even if a small portion of the population refuses vaccination due to anti-vaccination conspiracy theories or misinformation, this poses a threat to public health. We argue that addressing conspiracy theories with only corrective information is not enough. Instead, considering that they are complex narratives embedded in personal and cultural worldviews, they should be encountered with counternarratives. To identify existing narrative interventions aimed at countering anti-vaccination conspiracy theories and, more generally, map prerequisites for a narrative intervention to be successful, we present a systematic review of experimental effects of exposure to pro-vaccine narratives on a range of vaccination outcomes, based on 17 studies and 97 comparisons. We did not find any narrative interventions aimed directly at conspiracy theories. However, the review allowed us to make evidence-based recommendations for future research and for public communicators. This might help pro-vaccine communication match anti-vaccine communication in its potential to spread and go viral.
Comparison and Investigation of Exosomes Derived from Platelet-Rich Plasma Activated by Different Agonists
Authors: Rui Shunli , Yuan Yi , Du Chenzhen , Song Peiyang , Chen Yan , Wang Hongyan , Fan Yahan , Armstrong David G. , Deng Wuquan , Li Ling
Published: May 2021

PRP-Exos are nanoscale cup-shaped vesicles that carry a variety of proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs, and other bioactive substances. PRP-Exos can be formed through several induction pathways, which determine their molecular profiles and facilitate their tailormade participation in intercellular communication. Currently, little is known on how the PRP-Exos activation method influences the quality and quantity of PRP-Exos. The present study aims to observe and analyze the number, profile, and growth factors of PRP-Exos through TEM, Nanoflow, and WB after PRP activation and compare the difference in function of PRP-Exos on HUVECs, with different stimuli (calcium gluconate, thrombin, or both). We found that PRP activated with both thrombin and calcium gluconate harvested the highest concentration of exosomes [(7.16 ± 0.46) × 1010 particles/ml], compared to thrombin group [(4.87 ± 0.15) × 1010 particles/ml], calcium gluconate group [(5.85 ± 0.43) × 1010 particles/ml], or saline group [(7.52 ± 0.19) × 109 particles/ml], respectively ( P < 0.05) via Nanoflow analysis. The WB analysis showed that cytokines (VEGF, PDGFBB, bFGF, TGF-β) are differentially encapsulated in PRP-Exos, depending on the PRP stimulus, in which the mixture-PRP-Exos yielded the highest concentration of cytokines. In the function assay of PRP-Exos on HUVECs, the mixture-PRP-Exos promoted HUVECs proliferation, increased HUVECs migration, promoted the formation of vessel-like by HUVECs via the AKT ERK signal pathway more dramatically, compared with other groups. In summary, our studies showed that PRP activated by the mixture of calcium gluconate and thrombin harvested the best quality of exosomes which had the top biological functions. This study provides a protocol for selecting appropriate PRP activators to obtain high-quality exosomes for future applications.
Power Trade in South Asia: Developing A Framework Based on Case Studies of Power Trading Arrangements in Europe and Asia
Authors: Chauhan Priyanshi
Published: May 2021

South Asia is the fastest growing region in the world and is experiencing increasing demand for energy. As a result, countries are witnessing an excessive reliance on fuel imports, making themselves vulnerable to external price volatility and compromising on energy security. Power trade in South Asia can meet the challenge of increasing energy demand owing to complementarities in resource endowments and peak demand. Power trade in South Asia has increased over the years but is below potential. However, there are various challenges due to lack of institutional structures and frameworks for developing regional power trade models. The examples of power integration models in Europe, that is, the Nordic power market, and in Southeast Asia, that is, power trade in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), can provide useful lessons and international best practices for regional power trade to be replicated in the South Asian context. Based on this, the objective of this article is to evaluate the existing power trading mechanisms in South Asia, highlight the challenges to regional energy cooperation, outline the necessary instruments and catalysts to promote regional power trade in South Asia based on the case study of successful power trading arrangements, including the Nordic power market in Europe and the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) in Southeast Asia, draw on their experiences to identify key mechanisms and develop a template for greater regional cooperation in electricity in South Asia.
Mobilizing B2B Electronic Marketplace: An Exploratory Study of Critical Success Factors among Indian Start-ups
Authors: Sethi Kanupriya , Biswas Baidyanath , Balodi Krishna Chandra
Published: May 2021

Adoption of an electronic marketplace (EM) business model for business-to-business (B2B) transactions has increased over the years. In part, this evolution and adoption of B2B EMs can be explained by the Internet-enabled disintermediation of the existing value chains of businesses, followed by cybermediation. This study aims to understand the platform architecture design and governance-related factors and strategic choices that influence the success of B2B EM start-ups. We draw from the literature on the ‘Temple Framework’ and the classification of B2B EMs by transaction content, structure, and governance to identify these critical factors. Given that the literature is primarily based in the context of developed economies, the factors and choices identified from the review are empirically validated using three case studies in the Indian B2B context. Thus, this exploratory study aims to help founder managers of emerging-economy B2B EMs by providing a checklist to avoid common pitfalls.
The mental health of Australian medical practitioners during Covid-19
Authors: Adams Michelle Anne , Brazel Matthew , Thomson Richard , Lake Hannah
Published: May 2021

Objectives:

To ascertain whether doctors were experiencing higher rates of distress during Covid-19 and whether this was impacted by demographic factors. Our hypotheses were that being a junior doctor, having a previous mental health diagnosis and treating Covid-19 positive patients would predict higher rates of distress.

Methods:

Cross-sectional survey conducted via Survey Monkey. Voluntary participants were recruited from the mailing list of a national-based referral service for doctors to psychiatrists. Distress was measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Demographic factors were analysed for predictive value of a higher rating on the K10. Areas of concern in relation to Covid-19 and preference for support services were measured on a Likert scale and compared to levels of distress.

Results:

The rate of very high distress was 15%. Being a junior doctor and having a previous mental health diagnosis were predictive factors of a higher K10 score. K10 was not affected by likelihood of contact with Covid-19-positive patients. Social isolation had a larger impact on mental health in the context of a previous psychiatric diagnosis. Face-to-face assessments were preferred.

Conclusions:

Rates of distress in doctors have been higher than baseline during Covid-19. Some groups have been particularly vulnerable.
Amphetamine use and psychiatric admissions: a 10-year perspective
Authors: Nathani Jai , Morris Richard W , Glozier Nicholas , Sara Grant
Published: May 2021

Objective:

We aimed to (i) describe the 10-year trend in admissions associated with amphetamine use, (ii) describe the distinguishing characteristics of people with an amphetamine-related diagnosis (ARD) and (iii) examine predictors of repeated admissions among people with an ARD.

Method:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study. We (i) counted the number of admissions with an ARD and evaluated any trends, and using univariate and multivariate tests, (ii) compared those who had an ARD with those who did not and (iii) compared those with an ARD who had one, two to four, and five or more admissions.

Results:

Admissions associated with amphetamine use increased between 2009 and 2015. Those with an ARD had significant differences in demographics, diagnosis and pattern of service use relative to those without an ARD. Amongst those with an ARD, a higher number of admissions was positively associated with a schizophrenia diagnosis but inversely associated with a transient psychotic disorder diagnosis.

Conclusions:

The increase in admissions associated with amphetamine use indicates that people with an ARD posed major demands on inpatient services. Targeting amphetamine treatment to those with psychotic disorders, both schizophrenia and transient psychotic disorders, may reduce hospital-related costs and re-admissions.
Reference intervals for Cu, Mg, and Zn in captive gyrfalcons and other falcon species in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Pappalardo Lucia , Silvanose Christu-Das , Beaufrère Hugues , Binoy Ambilli , Azmanis Panagiotis
Published: May 2021

Falconry is a long-standing tradition in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and in 2016, falconry was included by UNESCO in the list of intangible cultural heritage of humanity. The health and wellness of falconry raptors is a priority for the local culture; plasma chemistry analysis plays an important role in monitoring, assessing, and managing diseases in avian patients. Imbalances of Cu, Mg, and Zn have been linked to several diseases in avian species; therefore, determining the reference intervals (RIs) of these minerals has important implications in the clinical management of falcons. We determined the RIs in plasma for Cu, Mg, and Zn in captive (falconry-managed) falcons according to the Quality Assurance and Laboratory Standards Committee of the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology, and the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Blood chemistry analyses were carried out on 252 clinically healthy falcons examined at the Dubai Falcon Hospital in the UAE: 124 gyrfalcons ( Falco rusticolus) and 128 falcons of other species. We observed no significant variation in RIs of Cu (1.5–7.0 µmol/L), Mg (0.49–0.78 mmol/L), or Zn (11.8–34.1 µmol/L) based on different species or sex.
Patient Flow or the Patient’s Journey? Exploring Health Care Providers’ Experiences and Understandings of Implementing a Care Pathway to Improve the Quality of Transitional Care for Older People
Authors: Olsen Cecilie Fromholt , Bergland Astrid , Debesay Jonas , Bye Asta , Langaas Anne Gudrun
Published: May 2021

Internationally, the implementation of care pathways is a common strategy for making transitional care for older people more effective and patient-centered. Previous research highlights inherent tensions in care pathways, particularly in relation to their patient-centered aspects, which may cause dilemmas for health care providers. Health care providers’ understandings and experiences of this, however, remain unclear. Our aim was to explore health care providers’ experiences and understandings of implementing a care pathway to improve transitional care for older people. We conducted semistructured interviews with 20 health care providers and three key persons, along with participant observations of 22 meetings, in a Norwegian quality improvement collaborative. Through a thematic analysis, we identified an understanding of the care pathway as both patient flow and the patient’s journey and a dilemma between the two, and we discuss how the negotiation of conflicting institutional logics is a central part of care pathway implementation.
Living with Heart Failure during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Trenta Alessia Martina , Ausili Davide , Caruso Rosario , Arrigoni Cristina , Moro Massimo , Nania Tiziana , Vellone Ercole , Dellafiore Federica
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to explore lived experience of patients with heart failure (HF) during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative study was conducted using an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Data collection performed in March-May 2020, using in-depth, semi-structured interviews on a purposive sample. Data were analyzed according to the IPA methodology, and triangulation, bracketing, journaling, and member checking were used to assure rigor. 14 patients with HF were enrolled, and three main themes described their lived experience during the COVID-19 pandemic: Vulnerability, Hanging in the balance, and Coping strategies. These people felt particularly vulnerable to the novel virus and experienced uncertainty due to hospital organization changes. Because of this, they felt like they were hanging in the balance, experiencing various negative feelings. Nevertheless, they managed to deal with this challenging situation by implementing some peculiar coping strategies. The COVID-19 represents a significant challenge for patients with HF, impacting significantly on their lives.
Prenatal Maternal Infections and Children’s Neurodevelopment in the UK Millennium Cohort Study: A Focus on ASD and ADHD
Authors: Hall Hildigunnur Anna , Speyer Lydia Gabriela , Murray Aja Louise , Auyeung Bonnie
Published: May 2021

Objective:

No clear answer has yet been attained as to the influence of prenatal exposure to infection on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), either alone or as co-occurring issues. The current study examined links between hospital-recorded and maternal-reported prenatal infections and ASD, ADHD, and co-occurring ASD and ADHD.

Methods:

Participants were n = 15,462 children and mother pairs from the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), a population-representative UK sample.

Results:

Findings show associations between maternal-reported infections and ASD, and some evidence of links with ADHD and co-occurring ASD and ADHD. Hospital-recorded infections were not found to be associated with ASD, ADHD, or their co-occurrence. Agreement between hospital-recorded and maternal-reported infections was low, which may explain the discrepant findings.

Conclusion:

Prenatal maternal infections may be associated with increased odds of ASD and ADHD. Findings point to the importance of drawing on multiple sources of information when ascertaining prenatal infection status.