bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supporting GPs and people with hypertension to maximise medication use to control blood pressure: Protocol for a pilot cluster RCT of the MIAMI intervention
Authors: Morrissey Eimear , Murphy Andrew , Murphy Patrick , O'Grady Louise , Byrne Molly , Casey Monica , Dolan Eamon , Duane Sinead , Durand Hannah , Gillespie Paddy , Hayes Peter , Hobbins Anna , Hynes Lisa , McEvoy John William , Newell John ,   MIAMI PPI group, Molloy Gerard
Published: August 2023

Background: Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for stroke and heart disease. Recent international guidelines have stated that 'poor adherence to treatment – in addition to physician inertia - is the most important cause of poor blood pressure control'. The MaxImising Adherence, Minimising Inertia (MIAMI) intervention, which has been developed using a systematic, theoretical, user-centred approach, aims to support general practitioners (GPs) and people with hypertension to maximise medication use, through the facilitation of adequate information exchange within consultations about long-term antihypertensive medication use and adherence skill development. The aim of the MIAMI pilot cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) is to gather and analyse feasibility data to allow us to (1) refine the intervention, and (2) determine the feasibility of a definitive RCT.

Methods: GP practices (n = 6) will be recruited and randomised to the intervention arm (n = 3) or usual care control arm (n = 3). Each practice will recruit 10 patient participants. For a patient to be eligible they must have a diagnosis of hypertension, be on two or more anti-hypertensive medications, must not be achieving recommended blood pressure levels,  and be over the age of 65 years. Participants in the intervention arm will meet their GP and receive the MIAMI intervention twice over three months. Quantitative data collection will take place at baseline and three month follow up. A pilot health economic analysis and a qualitative sub-study will also be incorporated into the study.

Discussion: This pilot cluster RCT of the MIAMI intervention will allow us to gather valuable acceptability and feasibility data to further refine the intervention so it optimally designed for both GP and patient use. In particular, the qualitative component will provide an insight into GP and patient experiences of using the intervention.
Ornament as the Basis for the Formation of Algorithmic Skills of Future Bachelors of Fine and Applied Arts
Authors: Muharkina A. , Chernyakova T.
Published: August 2023

Ornamental compositions open up significant opportunities for the formation of algorithmic skills among bachelors of fine and applied arts. Geometric ornament is a good training material for the construction and analysis of digital art models with a flexible level of complexity. Descriptive geometry is considered as an applied tool for analyzing and creating an ornamental composition. The analysis of the ornament allows you to read architectural and artistic forms more professionally. The integration of descriptive geometry and computer graphics disciplines takes the content to a qualitatively new level. Geometric constructions in ornamental compositions are functionally convenient for creating digital models when studying vector graphic editors. The article reveals the problem of the formation of algorithmic skills among future bachelors of art as an important component of algorithmic culture and computational thinking. The descriptive geometry language and digital tools of vector computer graphics were chosen as the language of the algorithm description in solving ornamental compositions. The article presents a generalized algorithm for constructing a digital model of ornamental compositions, consisting of analytical, search, constructive, reproductive, reflexive, evaluative stages, including action and auxiliary questions for finding a solution to a graphical problem. An example of a particular algorithm for constructing the rose of Amiens Cathedral, performed by a student in the framework of studying the discipline "Modern Information Technologies", is given. The search for solutions at each stage is carried out with the help of auxiliary questions of the generalized algorithm. Special attention is paid to such stages of the algorithm as reflection of the finished digital model to investigate the possibility of using it in a given material.
Review of the conclusion of a land surveyor expert as evidence in a lawsuit
Authors: Beglov I.
Published: August 2023

. This article presents the results of a study of the geometric properties of the Nicomed conchoid and the oblique conchoid. In this paper, the oblique conchoid is modeled in a new way, namely by quasi-symmetry with respect to the elliptic axis. The method used is a fourth-order transformation of the plane relative to the second-order curve. That is, a straight line with quasi-symmetry is mapped into a fourth-order curve. The image of a straight line in this case consists of two branches that tend to two asymptotes. Quasi–symmetry makes it possible to obtain an oblique conchoid, as a special case under certain conditions, and in the general case, many other conchoidal curves. The use of this method made it possible to discover new geometric properties of conchoidal curves, in particular, to find a previously undescribed constructive correspondence between points belonging to different branches of the oblique conchoid. The paper formulates and proves three statements, namely: 1) The image of a straight line with its quasi-symmetry with respect to a circle is a Nicomedes conchoid, 2) the image of a circle with its quasi-symmetry with respect to a circle is a curve of the sixth order, 3) the image of a straight parallel major semiaxis of an ellipse with its quasi-symmetry with respect to a given ellipse is two symmetrical oblique conchoids with respect to the minor semiaxis of an ellipse. Also, the equations of the curves under consideration and their asymptotes in the general case are derived.

The results of the research carried out in this paper expand the possibilities of using conchoidal curves in solving problems of engineering geometry. For example, when modeling various physical phenomena and processes, as well as in engineering and architectural design.
Life Satisfaction Among Italian Migrants, Italian Stayers, and Swiss Natives: Who Fares Better?
Authors: Dones Iuna
Published: August 2023

Although reasons for migration may differ, it can be argued that international migrants have a common goal: improving the living conditions and well-being for themselves and their families. However, we still know relatively little about how older migrants evaluate their well-being and the implications of migration for their life satisfaction. This paper aims to contribute to this body of research. In a first part, we focus on two comparisons: 1) The life satisfaction level of older Italian migrants in Switzerland compared to that of older Swiss natives, and 2) The life satisfaction level of older Italian migrants in Switzerland compared to that of older Italian stayers in Italy. In a second part, we investigate the determinants of life satisfaction in each of these three groups. The article draws on an original survey carried out in Switzerland and Italy (N = 1,654).
Against the current comparative literature on older migrants and non-migrants, we hypothesized that older Italian migrants in Switzerland display lower life satisfaction than older Swiss natives, and that older Italian migrants in Switzerland display higher life satisfaction than older stayers in Italy. We expected to observe these differences even when accounting for sociodemographic characteristics. While migrants’ average life satisfaction levels are lower than the levels of Swiss natives, this difference is fully mediated by sociodemographic variables. Migrants also report slightly lower life satisfaction levels than stayers; this difference remains significant at the p<0.1 level but diminishes as we control for sociodemographic characteristics. When investigating the life satisfaction determinants of each group, we find similarities among the three groups: being in good health and being able to make financial ends meet are positively correlated with life satisfaction, while experiencing age-related discrimination is negatively correlated with life satisfaction. Having a partner is only positively correlated with satisfaction for Swiss natives, and religiosity is only positively correlated with satisfaction for stayers.
The importance of this paper is threefold: 1) it investigates older migrants’ life satisfaction, an area of research that is underdeveloped, 2) it compares migrants to stayers, a comparison that is seldom found in the current literature but necessary to understand the implications of having a migratory background, and 3) it highlights the importance of policy interventions addressing the socioeconomic inequalities of older migrants.
Study of adhesion of "MERON" and "TOTAL-CEM" cements to dentine, cyscium chlorine and dioxide alloy
Authors: Chulak L. D. , Nebogatov S. S.
Published: August 2023

Analysis of literature data shows that glassless cements of Méron and Total-cem are now widely used in dentistry to fix dental tabs [1]. Therefore, the study of the adhesion of these cements to the dentin and to the inserts of the KHS and zirconium dioxide is very relevant.

The authors investigated samples that were obtained by removing single-channel teeth. Then the root canals were subjected to endodontic machining with the subsequent calibration of the rows of the corresponding pin diameter.

The results of the conducted studies allow us to conclude that for fixing the inserts from the KSS alloy, it is more expedient to use MERON cement, and for carbide total-Cem carbide inserts from zirconium dioxide.
Finger defect reconstruction using the radial artery superficial palmar branch free flap
Authors: Chi Yong Joo , Heo Jae-Woo , Whang Jong Ick , Park Hyun Sik , Yu Deok Hyeon , Lee Junsang , Cha Jung Kwon , Oh Bum Suk
Published: August 2023

Purpose: The radial artery superficial palmar branch (RASP) free flap is accepted as a surgical technique for the reconstruction of finger defects. This study revisited the RASP free flap and evaluated its reliability and usefulness in a variety of finger defects. Methods: From January 2017 to December 2022, multiple surgeons at a single institution performed a total of 315 RASP free flap reconstructions. Basic patient demographics and information on the finger defect and flap were assessed, and immediate postoperative flap and donor site-related complications were also studied. Data regarding long-term outcomes, such as the thumb joint range of motion and static two-point discrimination (S2PD), were collected and evaluated to identify statistically significant differences from the unaffected or non-innervated side. Results: The mean postoperative follow-up was 14.8 months. The total flap survival rate was approximately 91.4%. There was no statistically significant difference in mean postoperative palmar abduction and radial abduction between the affected and unaffected thumbs in both groups. In the single-digit group, there was a statistically significant difference in S2PD between the innervated flap and unaffected side. A statistically significant difference was also found between innervated and non-innervated flaps in the multiple-digits group. Conclusion: The RASP free flap is a valuable surgical option in reconstructing finger defects. It has already been proven to be safe and useful in coverage of single and tip defects. Stability should be ensured when there are multiple defects. Finally, the donor site morbidity is minimal and the recovery of sensation, once the flap is reinnervated, could be promising.
The outcomes of peroneal artery perforator-based propeller flaps for the treatment of infected lateral malleolar bursitis
Authors: Lee Taegyu , Kim Junhyung , Jeong Woonhyeok , Jo Taehee , Park Sangwoo , Choi Jaehoon
Published: August 2023

Purpose: Infected malleolar bursitis sometimes requires multiple debridements, followed by soft tissue reconstruction with a flap. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with infected lateral malleolar bursitis who were treated using peroneal artery perforator-based propeller flaps. Methods: We retrospectively included 10 patients who underwent reconstruction of the lateral malleolus with a peroneal artery perforator-based propeller flap due to infected lateral malleolar bursitis between 2014 and 2022. Results: The average follow-up time was 77.2 weeks. Six patients experienced complete healing; three developed partial flap necrosis, and one had a long-lasting seroma. All patients with complications had long-term diabetes. Conclusion: Partial flap necrosis in patients with diabetes may occur because of impaired microcirculation. A peroneal artery perforator-based propeller flap could be useful for soft tissue reconstruction in select patients without diabetes or in patients with diabetes who have infected lateral malleolar bursitis.
Ponadczasowość wątku choroby psychicznej w powieści Szklany klosz autorstwa Sylvii Plath
Authors: Kawecka Katarzyna
Published: August 2023

The article analyses the novel Szklany klosz [The Bell Jar] of the Americanauthor Sylvia Plath from the perspective of mental illness. Its purpose is todemonstrate how current threads in this context were hidden in experiencesof the heroine Esther Greenwood. The article allows to better understandhow an insane person perceived life which was additionaly conditioned bythe American social and political context in the middle of the 20th century.Examples of modern works of culture presented in the text and devoted tothe issue of mental illnesses aim at showing the timelessness of the discussedproblem for which Szklany klosz constitutes a reference point.
Deep vein thrombosis revealing a "silent" coeliac disease
Authors: Miranda Sofia , Clara Patrícia , Rua Joana , Cimbron Miriam , Salvador Fernando
Published: August 2023

Introduction: We present a clinical case of a 45-year-old man with recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and multiple hospital admissions due to severe infectious conditions. A newfound hypoalbuminemia raised the suspicion of a protein-losing condition, with an upper endoscopy revealing lesions at the D2 level compatible with coeliac sprue and HLA typing positive for both DQ-2 and DQ-8. Methods: A gluten free diet was started and apixaban was suspended. Results: No new complications were reported. Discussion: Multiple mechanisms are believed to be behind the association between DVT and coeliac disease. However, to this date, no consensus exists regarding the ideal duration of anticoagulation.
Hace frío y estoy lejos de casa
Authors: Rojo-Cruz Marcial Alejandro , Iñiguez-Dávalos Luis Ignacio
Published: August 2023

Las condiciones climáticas influyen en la actividad fisiológica y conductual de la mayoría de los seres vivos. En el caso de los murciélagos, éstas pueden ser limitantes, ya que de ellas dependen muchas cosas, entre ellas la misma subsistencia de estos organismos.
Dientes que hablan
Authors: Camargo Issac
Published: August 2023

Los fósiles son las evidencias de organismos que vivieron en el pasado y pueden ser dientes, huesos, rastros, entre otros.
¿Ciervos o ratones? Conoce a los peculiares tragúlidos
Authors: Cabrera-del Sol Hendrick , Cervantes Fernando A.
Published: August 2023

La biodiversidad de mamíferos a menudo nos sorprende, dentro de ella hay especies, desconocidas para algunos, de las que vale la pena saber más.
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Chewable Gels Containing Jatuphalathika Extract
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand., Saraphanchotiwitthaya Aurasorn ,   Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand., Saibuathong Natthapat  ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand., Boonsirirungrueng Thanaphon  ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand., Sripalakit Pattana ,   Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
Published: August 2023

Jatuphalathika (JP) is composed of the fruits of four herbal plants, Terminalia chebula Retz., Terminalia bellirica Roxb., Terminalia arjuna Wight and Arn., and Phyllanthus emblica L. JP formula is traditionally used for fever, as a carminative, for detoxification, and as an anti-hyperlipidaemic. However, consumption of JP is restricted due to its unpleasant flavours, which include sour, bitter, and astringent notes. The purpose of the current study was to formulate chewable gels with JP extract and evaluate their stability. Different types and concentrations of gelling agents and flavouring agents were used in the formulation. The finished products without or with a package (foil-wrapped or vacuum-sealed) were stored at room temperature (30 ± 2°C), in a refrigerator (2–8 °C) for 1 month, and under thermal cycling between 2–8 °C for 48 h and 45 °C for 48 h for 4 cycles. Stability testing of the chewable gels was carried out. Among six formulations, JP chewable gel containing gelatin, stevioside syrup, sorbitol solution, and paraben concentrate without (F5) or with menthol (F6) gave the best results. Both formulations maintained the same texture when stored in vacuum-sealed packaging: F5 at room temperature or in the refrigerator, and F6 at room temperature. Under these storage conditions, they were physically, chemically, and microbiologically stable with acceptable taste and scent. It may be concluded that chewable gels F5 and F6 are easy-to-use formulations which could improve patient or customer compliance when using JP. Keywords: Gallic acid, Gelatin, Obesity, Phytoconstituents, Stability, Stevia
Nigella sativa Extract on Gingival Epithelium Exposed to LPS Porphyromonas gingivalis and Its Impact on the Expression of TLR-4 and NF-kB in vivo Study
Authors:   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Supandi Shafira Kurnia , Elvandari Andry ,   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Bargowo Lambang ,   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Wijaksana I Komang Evan ,   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
Published: August 2023

Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is capable of enhancing oral dysbiosis resulting in an imbalance between beneficial commensal and periodontal pathogenic bacteria that causes chronic inflammation. Nigella sativa (N. sativa) is a type of herbal plant with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and other properties. One of the main active ingredients is thymoquinone. Researchers conducted this research to determine the impact of using Nigella sativa as a component in the prevention or treatment of periodontal disease. This research included a lab experiment using a randomized post-test-only control group design. The animals used were male white Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), aged 10-11 weeks, and weighing approximately 150-170 grams. All of them received adaptation for a week. Afterward, 45 of them were randomly allocated into three research groups: control group C (LPS P. gingivalis), group E1 (N. sativa extract + LPS), and group E2 (LPS + N. sativa). The rats were terminated after 7, 14, and 21 days and immunohistochemistry was performed using monoclonal antibody anti-TLR-4 and monoclonal antibody anti-NF-kB. The results showed that TLR-4 and NF-κB increased in group C and decreased in E1 and E2 groups. Although it was not statistically significant, the TLR-4 and NF-kB expression decreased more in the E2 group than in the E1 group. The result of this research shows that Nigella sativa can reduce the expression of TLR-4 and NF-kB as a part of the host’s innate defense. Keywords: Nigella sativa, LPS Porphyromonas gingivalis, TLR-4, NF-kB, Periodontal disease
Hip fracture surgery performed by cadaveric simulation-trained versus standard-trained orthopaedic trainees: a preliminary multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: James Hannah K. , Pattison Giles T. R. , Griffin James , Fisher Joanne D. , Griffin Damian R.
Published: August 2023

Aims

To evaluate if, for orthopaedic trainees, additional cadaveric simulation training or standard training alone yields superior radiological and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation or hemiarthroplasty for hip fracture.

Methods

This was a preliminary, pragmatic, multicentre, parallel group randomized controlled trial in nine secondary and tertiary NHS hospitals in England. Researchers were blinded to group allocation. Overall, 40 trainees in the West Midlands were eligible: 33 agreed to take part and were randomized, five withdrew after randomization, 13 were allocated cadaveric training, and 15 were allocated standard training. The intervention was an additional two-day cadaveric simulation course. The control group received standard on-the-job training. Primary outcome was implant position on the postoperative radiograph: tip-apex distance (mm) (DHS) and leg length discrepancy (mm) (hemiarthroplasty). Secondary clinical outcomes were procedure time, length of hospital stay, acute postoperative complication rate, and 12-month mortality. Procedure-specific secondary outcomes were intraoperative radiation dose (for DHS) and postoperative blood transfusion requirement (hemiarthroplasty).

Results

Eight female (29%) and 20 male trainees (71%), mean age 29.4 years, performed 317 DHS operations and 243 hemiarthroplasties during ten months of follow-up. Primary analysis was a random effect model with surgeon-level fixed effects of patient condition, patient age, and surgeon experience, with a random intercept for surgeon. Under the intention-to-treat principle, for hemiarthroplasty there was better implant position in favour of cadaveric training, measured by leg length discrepancy ≤ 10 mm (odds ratio (OR) 4.08 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17 to 14.22); p = 0.027). There were significantly fewer postoperative blood transfusions required in patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty by cadaveric-trained compared to standard-trained surgeons (OR 6.00 (95% CI 1.83 to 19.69); p = 0.003). For DHS, there was no significant between-group difference in implant position as measured by tip-apex distance ≤ 25 mm (OR 6.47 (95% CI 0.97 to 43.05); p = 0.053). No between-group differences were observed for any secondary clinical outcomes.

Conclusion

Trainees randomized to additional cadaveric training performed hip fracture fixation with better implant positioning and fewer postoperative blood transfusions in hemiarthroplasty. This effect, which was previously unknown, may be a consequence of the intervention. Further study is required.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(8):602–611.
The challenges of encouraging refugee assistance: lessons learned from reframing the problem as one of within-group collective action and norm change
Authors: El-Higzi Faiza , Moya Cristina
Published: August 2023

Cooperation across group boundaries presents special theoretical and practical challenges. Fostering altruism towards refugees magnifies these difficulties given structural inequalities between host communities and those in need of help. Nonetheless, countless organisations and grass-roots efforts provide critical and effective support for asylum seekers around the world. In this article, we analyse a case of a successful grass-roots effort to help a family of asylum seekers in Australia. We use this as a starting point to review the evolutionary social-science literature on cooperation and suggest ways that collective action in support of refugees can be promoted and maintained. The challenge can be reframed as one of achieving two goals: first, norm change; and, second, encouraging altruistic actions. The former requires convincing prospective hosts that refugee support is indeed a public good at the community level. The second goal requires encouraging cooperation within the host community. We have better evidence of what works for the latter than the former.
Inverse scattering with a parametrized spatial spectral volume integral equation for finite scatterers
Authors: Eijsvogel S. , Dilz R. J. , van Beurden M. C.
Published: August 2023

In wafer metrology, the knowledge of the photomask together with the deposition process only reveals the approximate geometry and material properties of the structures on a wafer as a priori information. With this prior information and a parametrized description of the scatterers, we demonstrate the performance of the Gauss–Newton method for the precise and noise-robust reconstruction of the actual structures, without further regularization of the inverse problem. The structures are modeled as 3D finite dielectric scatterers with a uniform polygonal cross-section along their height, embedded in a planarly layered medium. A continuous parametrization in terms of the homogeneous permittivity and the vertex coordinates of the polygons is employed. By combining the global Gabor frame in the spatial spectral Maxwell solver with the consistent parametrization of the structures, the underlying linear system of the Maxwell solver inherits all the continuity properties of the parametrization. Two synthetically generated test cases demonstrate the noise-robust reconstruction of the parameters by surpassing the reconstruction capabilities of traditional imaging methods at signal-to-noise ratios up to −3dB with geometrical errors below λ/7, where λ is the illumination wavelength. For signal-to-noise ratios of 10 dB, the geometrical parameters are reconstructed with errors of approximately λ/60, and the material properties are reconstructed with errors of around 0.03%. The continuity properties of the Maxwell solver and the use of prior information are key contributors to these results.
Dephasing-assisted preparation of asymmetric steering in coupled quantum wells
Authors: Luo Shunlin , Shen Kang , Wang Fei
Published: August 2023

It is shown that the dephasing rates are usually harmful for quantum correlations in various systems. Nevertheless, we explore that the dephasing rates in the coupled quantum wells (QWs), as a major contribution of the decay processes, can assist to generate one-way Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering. By applying two strong fields to drive two dipole-allowed transitions while the other transitions are coupled with two quantized modes, the asymmetric EPR steering is possible to obtain at steady state through a single-pathway dissipation in the three-well system. According to dressed-state and Bogoliubov mode transformation, we find that the dephasing rates play a role in modifying the dressed-state populations and the dissipation rate through multiple quantum interference mechanisms. The positive effect of the dephasing rates from a nanostructure on quantum correlation is expected to find potential applications in quantum information processing.
Short, broadband, and polarization-insensitive adiabatic Y-junction power splitters
Authors: Ozcan Can , Mojahedi Mo , Stewart Aitchison J.
Published: August 2023

Adiabatic Y-junction power splitters have low loss, large bandwidth, high polarization insensitivity, and high tolerance to fabrication errors. However, the adiabatic transition lengths required are generally much longer than other power splitters. Using a nonlinear taper profile can considerably shorten the device length. Here, we introduce a taper profile optimization algorithm based on polynomial functions, which significantly reduces the lengths of the adiabatic power splitters without increasing losses. We experimentally demonstrate the performance of the adiabatic power splitters for minimum feature sizes of 80 nm, 120 nm, and 160 nm on the 220 nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. Our best device has a minimum feature size of 120 nm and a length of 14 µm, with measured losses of 0.25 dB and 0.23 dB for the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes, respectively, in the 1500–1600 nm region. This device has an average transmission of −3 ± 0.5 dB in the 1500–1600 nm region, indicating highly balanced splitting over a large spectral range.
Characterization of the optical and electronic properties of chalcogenide hybrid inorganic/organic polymer thin films
Authors: Arouh Stephanie , Nishant Abhinav , Pyun Jeffrey , Norwood Robert A.
Published: August 2023

Chalcogenide hybrid inorganic/organic polymers (CHIPs) are a new class of optical polymeric materials for imaging and photonic applications due to their high refractive indices and high optical transmission at visible and infrared wavelengths. In this study, we characterize these polymers to study the refractive index and delve into the electronic properties by way of measurements of their dielectric constants. Ellipsometry is used to determine the refractive indices for wavelengths from 500 nm to 12 µm, while we use capacitance measurements on thin film capacitors with a range of areas to find the dielectric constant. The results are in line with expectations based on the sulfur composition of the polymers-indices range from 1.7 to 1.85, and dielectric constants range from 2.6 to 3. With these measurements, these sulfur polymer materials are established to be good candidates for optical and photonic applications, particularly with respect to telecommunications. The dielectric constants suggest that applications such as electro-optic devices and capacitors may also be viable.
Six-month incidence of hypertension and diabetes among adults with HIV in Tanzania: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Sakita Francis M. , O’Leary Paige , Prattipati Sainikitha , Kessy Monica S. , Kilonzo Kajiru G. , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Rugakingira Anzibert A. , Manavalan Preeti , Thielman Nathan M. , Samuel Dorothy , Hertz Julian T.
Published: August 2023

Data describing the incidence of hypertension and diabetes among people with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa remain sparse. In this study, adults with HIV were enrolled from a public clinic in Moshi, Tanzania (September 2020—March 2021). At enrollment, a survey was administered to collect information on comorbidities and medication use. Each participant’s blood pressure and point-of-care glucose were measured. Baseline hypertension was defined by blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or self-reported hypertension at enrollment. Baseline diabetes was defined by self-reported diabetes or hyperglycemia (fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl or random glucose ≥200 mg/dl) at enrollment. At 6-month follow-up, participants’ blood pressure and point-of-care glucose were again measured. Incident hypertension was defined by self-report of new hypertension diagnosis or blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg at follow-up in a participant without baseline hypertension. Incident diabetes was defined as self-report of new diabetes diagnosis or measured hyperglycemia at follow-up in a participant without baseline diabetes. During the study period, 477 participants were enrolled, of whom 310 did not have baseline hypertension and 457 did not have baseline diabetes. At six-month follow-up, 51 participants (95% CI: 38, 67) had new-onset hypertension, corresponding to an incidence of 33 new cases of hypertension per 100 person-years. Participants with incident hypertension at 6-month follow-up were more likely to have a history of alcohol use (90.2% vs. 73.7%, OR = 3.18, 95% CI:1.32–9.62,p= 0.008) and were older (mean age = 46.5 vs. 42.3,p= 0.027). At six-month follow-up, 8 participants (95% CI: 3, 16) had new-onset diabetes, corresponding to an incidence of 3 new cases of diabetes per 100 person-years. In conclusion, the incidence of elevated blood pressure and diabetes among Tanzanians with HIV is higher than what has been reported in high-income settings.
Factors associated with Alzheimer’s disease prevalence and mortality in Brazil—An ecological study
Authors: Bastos Murilo , da Silva Michael Pereira , da Silva Danyele , Negrão Glauco Nonose , Schumanski Graziele , da Silva Weber Claudio Francisco Nunes , Bonini Juliana Sartori
Published: August 2023

A few epidemiological studies are evaluating the prevalence and mortality rates of Alzheimer’s disease, with no one using a nationwide sample of Brazilian elderlies. This study aims to calculate the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and investigate possible associations with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and the presence of diseases non-communicable, and the prevalence and mortality for all Brazilian state capitals. This is an ecological design study made with secondary public data provided by the Ministry of Health. Prevalence rates were calculated based on the analysis of the dispensing of Alzheimer’s disease-specific drugs. Correlation analyzes were performed between rates and factors, and a multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze possible associations between variables, controlled for each other. AD prevalence was 313/100,000. Prevalence rates were positively associated with primary health care coverage factors and negatively associated with ultra-processed food consumption and physical activity levels. AD mortality was 98/100,000. Mortality rates were positively associated with the proportion of obese elderly and elderly living on up to half the minimum wage and were inversely associated with the proportion of elderly with diabetes factors. We found positive and negative associations of sociodemographic, behavioral and diabetes indicators with Alzheimer’s disease prevalence and mortality, which provide data that can be investigated by studies with different designs.
An updated estimation approach for SEIR models with stochastic perturbations: Application to COVID-19 data in Bogotá
Authors: Ríos-Gutiérrez Andrés , Torres Soledad , Arunachalam Viswanathan
Published: August 2023

This paper studies the updated estimation method for estimating the transmission rate changes over time. The models for the population dynamics under SEIR epidemic models with stochastic perturbations are analysed the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bogotá, Colombia. We performed computational experiments to interpret COVID-19 dynamics using actual data for the proposed models. We estimate the model parameters and updated their estimates for reported infected and recovered data.
Does the dual circulation coupling synergy facilitate firm survival?——Evidence from China
Authors: Ran Lijun , Li Xin , Wang Kang , Liu Huihui
Published: August 2023

The “dual circulation” development pattern is a major economic strategy proposed by China. Using samples gathered from firms located in the Haidian Science and Technology Park in Zhongguancun between 2013 and 2019, this paper constructs an index system for measuring the degree of synergy of the dual circulation coupling of the firms, and then uses the Cloglog survival model to empirically verify its effect on the survival of firms. It is found that the dual circulation coupling synergy of firms significantly contributes to firm survival, a finding that still holds after robustness tests. Mechanism tests show that firm dual circulation coupling synergies contribute to firm survival by promoting firm innovation, market demand, and resource allocation efficiency. Further analysis reveals that the coupled synergy of the dual circulation of firms contributes more significantly to the survival of growing and mature firms, MSMEs, private firms and non-start-up firms. This paper is the first to measure dual circulation. It provides micro-theoretical mechanisms and relevant empirical evidence for the dual circulation coupling synergy for firm survival.
On the reconfiguring value creation logic and networks of the forest sector in a changing business environment
Authors:   University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Science, Forestry and Technology, School of Forest Sciences, Laakkonen Anu
Published: August 2023

Numerous phenomena, such as sustainability challenges and the increasing importance of knowledge and digitalisation, have tremendous impacts on the global socio-economic system. These phenomena affect the dynamic and complex business environment where different actors from various sectors interact with each other. Responding to the phenomena and changes in the business environment calls for a systemic change in the ways that value-creating activities are performed. One suggested systemic change is a transition to a sustainable circular bioeconomy. Changes in the business environment pressure established business sectors, such as the forest sector, to reconfigure their networks and value creation logic, i.e., the ways in which actors co-create value. In this dissertation I investigated how the value creation logic of the forest sector changes when entering the sustainable circular forest-based bioeconomy. The research design followed a qualitative theory-guided interdisciplinary case study strategy. I analysed scientific and non-scientific documents to determine the past and currently occurring adaptations within the forest industry’s value creation logic. I conducted interviews to identify the possible future value creation logic of forestry service providers and the readiness of forest owners to respond to the occurring changes. According to the findings, the forest sector’s value creation logic is incrementally changing towards holistically sustainable, collaborative and cross-sectoral value co-creation logic. The sector has been able to reconfigure its networks and value creation logic in the past and it seems that the sector’s actors have understood the importance of cross-sectoral collaboration and intangible resources in the sustainable value-creating activities. They have acknowledged that their attitudes and actions will affect the future value creation within the sector. To reach holistic sustainability, actors need to consider the whole forest ecosystem as a capital and a resource base from where value and benefits for the common good are co-created in a forest-based sector.
Autoimmunity and autoinflammation — the key to understanding the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and developing new ways for its prevention and therapy
Authors: Sarvilina I. V. , Lila A. M. , Alekseeva L. I. , Gromova O. A. , Taskina E. A.
Published: August 2023

The review considers the full spectrum of currently known autoantigens in osteoarthritis (OA) and discusses their role in the development and/or persistence of synovitis and the initiation of subsequent destruction of articular cartilage with the development of an autoimmune response and auto-inflammation. Of great interest are methods of drug prevention of OA considering autoimmunity responses and associated auto-inflammation, including the use of pharmaconutraceuticals.

Preclinical and clinical studies of the safety and efficacy of pharmaconutraceuticals containing native type II collagen are presented. A clear relationship between the composition/chemical structure of the collagen components and its mechanism of action and efficacy is discussed. Taking into account the autoimmune pathogenesis of OA, new combined pharmaconutraceuticals aimed at reducing the manifestations of autoinflammation (chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine sulfate) are developed. They have an optimal ratio of active ingredients with a sufficient level of evidence, which allows enhancing their beneficial pharmacological effects.
DNA double-strand breaks in immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases
Authors: Avdeeva A. S. , Aleksankin A. P. , Verizhnikova Zh. G. , Rybakova V. V. , Diatroptov M. E. , Gorbunova Yu. N. , Mesnyankina A. A. , Paranich D. A. , Lila A. M. , Nasonov E. L.
Published: August 2023

Objective: To study the frequency of spontaneous foci of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in patients with immune-inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IIRD), their relationship to disease activity, levels of inflammatory markers, and levels of autoantibodies.

Material and methods. The analysis included 40 patients with IIRD, including 19 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA, including 16 women, median disease duration 60 [20; 103] months, DAS28 was 5.05 [4.06; 5.9]) and 21 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, 19 women, median disease duration 96.0 [40.0; 158.0] months, SLEDAI-2K 8.0 [4.0; 12.0]). The control group consisted of 17 healthy donors matched for sex and age.

DNA DSBs were identified as discrete foci by immunofluorescence staining of lymphocyte cultures with antibodies against γH2AX and 53BP1 and subsequently analysed using the automated AKLIDES automated platform (Medipan).

Results and discussion. There were no significant differences in the number of spontaneous DNA DSBs in patients with RA and healthy donors (p>0.05), a lower number of cells with the 53BP1 focus and a lower percentage of cells damaged in this focus were found in patients with SLE than in controls. There was a positive correlation between the number of γH2AXdamaged cells and CDAI(r=0.45, p=0.035), the number of cells with 53BP1 ruptures and the level of rheumatoid factor IgM (r=0.63, p=0.005) and ESR (r=0.53, p=0.02). In the group of SLE patients, a positive correlation was observed between the number of cells with breaks in the γH2AX focus and the level of antibodies against double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA; r=0.56, p=0.007), the average number of breaks in the cell in the γH2AX focus with the level of anti-dsDNA (r=0.57, p=0.004).

Conclusion. The number of DNA DSBs may be an additional indicator of IIRD activity. In patients with SLE, DNA repair processes appear to be impaired, which is associated with the high activity of the disease.
Citrullinated histone H3 in systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome (preliminary results)
Authors: Nurbaeva K. S. , Reshetnyak T. M. , Cherkasova M. V. , Lila A. M.
Published: August 2023

Citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3) is a specific marker for NETosis; its role in determining the clinical and laboratory manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains to be elucidated.

Objective: To evaluate the role of CitH3 in the development of clinical and laboratory manifestations in patients with SLE with and without an-tiphospholipid syndrome (APS).

Material and methods. The study included 30 patients with SLE and 39 with SLE+APS, including 51 (73.9%) women and 18 (26.1%) men. The median age of the patients was 36 [32; 46.5] years. The control group consisted of 26 healthy individuals.

SLE activity was assessed by the SLEDAI-2K index. Patients were divided into two groups: 41 patients with moderate and high SLE activity (SLEDAI-2K ≥6) were included in the first group, and 28 patients with low activity or remission (SLEDAI-2K <6) were included in the second group.

CitH3 content in blood serum was determined by enzyme immunoassay using a set of reagents for the assay of CitH3 (BlueGene Biotech, China) according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Results and discussion. CitH3 content in blood serum was significantly higher in SLE than in the control group (p=0.048). High blood serum CitH3 content was associated with moderate and high SLE activity (p=0.039). CitH3 concentration was inversely correlated with lymphocyte count but was not related to immunological parameters. Increased CitH3 levels were associated with photosensitivity, while lower levels were associated with a history of serositis. There were no significant differences between blood serum CitH3 levels in patients with SLE and SLE+APS (p=0.39).

Conclusion. The concentration of a specific marker for NETosis, CitH3, is increased in patients with SLE, and this increase is associated with moderate and high disease activity.
Clinical and immunologic features of the phenotype of systemic lupus erythematosus combined with Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Solovyev S. K. , Aseeva E. A. , Baranov A. A. , Lila A. M. , Nikishina N. Yu. , Glukhova S. I.
Published: August 2023

The problem of clinical and immunological heterogeneity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is of great interest, especially the combination of SLE and Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) determines a more favorable prognosis and specifics of therapy.

Objective: to characterize the clinical and immunological features of SLE combined with SjS.

Material and methods. The retrospective study included 44 patients with SLE combined with SjS and 356 patients with SLE without SjS, hospitalized at the V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology between 2013 and 2021. The two groups of patients were compared in terms of life expectancy, clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters and therapy.

Results and discussion. The following phenotypic features of the clinical and immunological variant of SLE combined with SjS were found: significantly longer duration of SLE (p<0.01); higher incidence of polyarthritis (p=0.01) and Raynaud's syndrome (p<0.003) at disease onset. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, Raynaud's syndrome, peripheral nervous system involvement (sensory polyneuropathy and distal sensory-motor polyneuropathy) were found more frequently in SLE combined with SjS than in SLE without SjS, p<0.0001. Among laboratory abnormalities in SLE patients with SjS, leukopenia (p<0.0001), antibodies to SSA/Ro, SSB/La, and rheumatoid factor (p<0.0001) were observed in a greater number of cases. In the group of SLE combined with SjS, the chronic variant of SLE course according to the classification of V.A. Nasonova, and lower activity were observed, which didn't not require therapy with high doses of glucocorticoids; in this group, rituximab (p<0.01), cyclophosphamide and methotrexate were used significantly more often.

Conclusion. Thus, significant clinical and laboratory differences were found between SLE with SjS and without SjS. They determine prognosis, approaches to pathogenetic therapy and monitoring.
Comorbid infections in patients with spondyloarthritis: frequency, structure and risk factors
Authors: Baranova M. M. , Muravyeva N. V. , Belov B. S. , Korotaeva T. V. , Glukhova S. I.
Published: August 2023

Objective: To investigate the frequency, structure, and risk factors of comorbid infections (CI) in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA).

Material and methods. The study included 332 patients with SpA. Patients were interviewed by the investigating physician, and additional information was obtained from medical records.

Results and discussion. Respiratory tract (RT) and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) infections ranked first in the structure of CI. Exacerbation of SpA after CI was found in 42% of patients, and more severe CI against the background of SpA was found in 83 patients. 63 cases of severe CI (SCI) were documented, 63.5% of which were infections of the RT and ENT organs. Predictors for the development of lower RT (LRT) and ENT organ infections were the use of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in general (odds ratio, OR 2.018; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.221-3.335; p=0.006 and OR 1.761; 95% CI 1.1-2.819, respectively; p=0.018) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors in particular (OR 2.376; 95% CI 1.417-3.983; p=0.001 and OR 1.833; 95% CI 1.123-2.994; p=0.015), and disease duration of more than 5 years (OR 1.774; 95% CI 1.034—3.042; p=0.037 and OR 2.22; 95% CI 1.378-3.576; p=0.001). The risk of developing LRT infection was higher in the presence of chronic lung disease (OR 3.673; 95% CI 1.602-8.425; p=0.002) and Charlesson Comorbidity Index ≥1 (OR 2.381; 95% CI 1.439-3.94; p=0.001), risk of developing ENT organ infections - with the use of >1 bDMARD (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.199-4.804; p=0.013) and duration of methotrexate therapy over 5 years (OR 2.478; 95% CI 1.053-5.831; p=0.038). Risk factors for the development of SCI were the use of bDMARDs in general (OR 1.941; 95% CI 1.063-3.545; p=0.031) and TNFα in particular (OR 2.246; 95%, CI 1.218-4.139; p=0.01).

Conclusion. The problem of CI in SpA is of great importance. The vast majority of patients with SpA should be vaccinated against pneumococcal infection and influenza.