bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary and functional divergence of Sfx, a plasmid-encoded H-NS homolog, underlies the regulation of IncX plasmid conjugation
Authors: Wang Avril Luyang , Cordova Martha , Navarre William Wiley
Published: July 2024

Conjugative plasmids are widespread among prokaryotes, highlighting their evolutionary success. Conjugation systems on most natural plasmids are repressed by default. The negative regulation of F-plasmid conjugation is partially mediated by the chromosomal nucleoid-structuring protein (H-NS). Recent bioinformatic analyses have revealed that plasmid-encoded H-NS homologs are widespread and exhibit high sequence diversity. However, the functional roles of most of these homologs and the selective forces driving their phylogenetic diversification remain unclear. In this study, we characterized the functionality and evolution of Sfx, a H-NS homolog encoded by the model IncX2 plasmid R6K. We demonstrate that Sfx, but not chromosomal H-NS, can repress R6K conjugation. Notably, we find evidence of positive selection acting on the ancestral Sfx lineage. Positively selected sites are located in the dimerization, oligomerization, and DNA-binding interfaces, many of which contribute to R6K repression activity – indicating that adaptive evolution drove the functional divergence of Sfx. We additionally show that Sfx can physically interact with various chromosomally encoded proteins, including H-NS, StpA, and Hha. Hha enhances the ability of Sfx to regulate R6K conjugation, suggesting that Sfx retained functionally important interactions with chromosomal silencing proteins. Surprisingly, the loss of Sfx does not negatively affect the stability or dissemination of R6K in laboratory conditions, reflecting the complexity of selective pressures favoring conjugation repression. Overall, our study sheds light on the functional and evolutionary divergence of a plasmid-borne H-NS-like protein, highlighting how these loosely specific DNA-binding proteins evolved to specifically regulate different plasmid functions.
Mobile Phone Survey Estimates of Perinatal Mortality in Malawi: A Comparison of Data from Truncated and Full Pregnancy Histories
Authors: Reniers Georges , Romero-Prieto Julio , Chasukwa Michael , Muthema Funny , Walters Sarah , Masquelier Bruno , Banda Jethro , Souza Emmanuel , Dulani Boniface
Published: July 2024

Objectives

In many Low- and Middle-Income Countries, perinatal mortality estimates are derived retrospectively from periodically conducted household surveys. Mobile phone surveys offer advantages in terms of cost and ease of implementation. However, their suitability for monitoring perinatal mortality has not been established.

Methods

We use data from the Malawi Rapid Mortality Mobile Phone Survey (RaMMPS) to estimate perinatal mortality rates from two versions of the survey instrument: a Full Pregnancy History (FPH) and a shorter Truncated Pregnancy History (TPH). Female respondents of reproductive age were randomly allocated to either of these instruments. The sample was generated through random digit dialling (RDD) with active strata monitoring. Post-stratification weighting was used to correct for sample selection bias, and estimates are reported with bootstrap confidence intervals. We estimated the stillbirth rate as the synthetic cohort probability of a foetal death with 28+ weeks of gestation over all pregnancies reaching the same gestational age. The perinatal and extended perinatal mortality rates were defined as the probabilities of dying between 28 weeks and 7 or 28 days of life, respectively. RaMMPS estimates are compared to the 2015-16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey, and estimates published by the United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN-IGME).

Results

TPH and FPH were administered for 2,117 and 2,086 women, respectively. Weighted point estimates of the stillbirth (19.38 deaths per 1,000 pregnancies, 95%-Confidence Interval (CI): 14.03-25.42), perinatal (42.00, 95%-CI: 34.27-50.78), and extended perinatal mortality rates (49.57, 95%-CI: 41.62-59.43) from the FPH instrument are in line with DHS and UN-IGME estimates. In comparison, the stillbirth rate from the TPH instrument is biased upwards. Post-stratification weighting produces a small upwards adjustment in the estimates.

Conclusion

MPS are a promising method for collecting perinatal mortality data. The FPH instrument produces more plausible results than the shorter TPH questionnaire where the window of retrospection is restricted.
Grain rotation in impurity-doped two-dimensional colloidal polycrystals
Authors: Hutchinson Joseph D. , Dullens Roel P. A.
Published: July 2024

Grain texture evolution and coarsening after quenching can be achieved by curvature-driven growth and grain rotation. Here we examine grain rotation in coarsening, impurity-doped, two-dimensional colloidal polycrystals. We find the rate of rotation to be independent of the impurity concentration and proportional to the inverse of the grain size. The latter is rationalized by considering grain rotation driven by grain-boundary sliding and particle diffusion in the lattice. We also show that rotation driven grain growth and curvature driven growth are independent, with the latter being the dominant mechanism in our system. Next, we examine the dislocation reactions underlying grain rotation and observing its facilitation via the effective “sinking” of grain-boundary dislocations into triple junctions, as has been predicted by simulations.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Reductive quantum phase estimation
Authors: Papadopoulos Nicholas J. C. , Reilly Jarrod T. , Wilson John Drew , Holland Murray J.
Published: July 2024

Estimating a quantum phase is a necessary task in a wide range of fields of quantum science. To accomplish this task, two well-known methods have been developed in distinct contexts, namely, Ramsey interferometry (RI) in atomic and molecular physics and quantum phase estimation (QPE) in quantum computing. We demonstrate that these canonical examples are instances of a larger class of phase estimation protocols, which we call reductive quantum phase estimation (RQPE) circuits. Here, we present an explicit algorithm that allows one to create an RQPE circuit. This circuit distinguishes an arbitrary set of phases with a smaller number of qubits and unitary applications, thereby solving a general class of quantum hypothesis testing to which RI and QPE belong. We further demonstrate a tradeoff between measurement precision and phase distinguishability, which allows one to tune the circuit to be optimal for a specific application.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Application of single surface isotropic damage plasticity model in nonlinear dynamic analysis of the Koyna Dam
Authors: Lotfi Vahid , Jahanitabar Ali Akbar
Published: July 2024

Purpose

In the present study, the application of a recent damage plasticity model is presented for nonlinear dynamic analysis of the Koyna gravity dam. This is a single surface isotropic damage plasticity concrete model, which is based on the decomposition of stresses and was proposed in a previous study. The theoretical aspects of the model are initially reviewed, and a few preliminary verification examples are illustrated. Thereafter, the HHT-α (i.e. Hilber–Hughes–Taylor) algorithm is presented for nonlinear dynamic analysis of concrete gravity dams.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the prepared tools, nonlinear behavior of the Koyna Dam is studied by applying the invoked damage plasticity model. For this purpose, three cases are considered for the present study. Case A, which is based on the linear model, is mainly used for comparative purposes. The other two cases (B and C) correspond to the nonlinear (i.e. damage plasticity) model. The basic data for these two cases are similar. However, the employed damping algorithms are different and correspond to constant and variable damping algorithms, respectively. This means that the damping matrix is either kept constant or updated for all iterations of different time increments through the course of analysis.

Findings

The time histories of horizontal displacement at the dam crest were initially compared for the three cases: the linear Case A, and two nonlinear Cases B and C. It was observed that nonlinear cases’ responses begin to deviate from the corresponding linear case after the time of about 4.3 s. However, the amount of change for Case C (i.e. variable damping) was much greater than for Case B (i.e. constant damping). This was manifested initially in the peaks of response. It was also noticed that the period of response changed slightly for Case B in comparison with the linear Case A, while this change was significant for Case C. The obtained tensile and compressive damages were subsequently compared for the two nonlinear cases. For constant damping Case B, it was noticed that tensile damage occurred in the D/S face kink and on the U/S face slightly at a lower elevation. Moreover, it had a scattered nature. However, in variable damping Case C, it was noticed that tensile damage was much more localized and acted similar to a discrete crack. Of course, both cases also show tensile damages at the dam’s heel. In regard to compressive damages, it is observed that low values are occurring for both nonlinear cases as expected.

Originality/value

The application of a recent single surface isotropic damage plasticity concrete model is presented for nonlinear dynamic analysis of the Koyna gravity dam. The nonlinear response of the dam is investigated for two different damping algorithms. Moreover, the influence of variable characteristic length is also investigated in the latter part of this study.
From classroom to career: a new approach to work-integrated learning in communication studies
Authors: Grantham Susan , Iachizzi Manolo
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to realign the Work-Integrated Learning (WIL) curriculum at an Australian university with communication industry standards and student career goals. It proposes practical suggestions for a third-year communications studies WIL course that will effectively prepare students for professional success by integrating insights from industry and students.

Design/methodology/approach

It analyses free-text feedback from student experience of course surveys (n = 20), semi-structured interviews with industry partners (n = 8), and conducts a detailed review of existing WIL course materials. Drawing from the Employability Capital Growth Model (ECGM) as a theoretical framework, the study explores the findings for links to capital.

Findings

The findings emphasise the need for WIL programs to better align with the industry’s evolving demands, incorporating practical, real-world experiences to enhance skill development and workforce readiness. Feedback from students and industry partners aligns with the ECGM framework and underscores the importance of integrating coaching and mentoring into the curriculum to support employability. Based on these insights, an integrated set of practical suggestions is presented.

Originality/value

This project fills a gap in WIL scholarship by focussing on a communication studies environment, ensuring it aligns with industry demands while prioritising student engagement. By ethically involving industry partners and integrating student feedback, the suggestions set out a curriculum that is both current and resonates with learner experience and career readiness. It bridges the academic-professional divide, preparing students as confident, skilled professionals ready to enter the workforce.
Investigation of compulsory citizenship behavior in the organizational citizenship behavior nomological network
Authors: O'Brien Kimberly E. , Pohlman Rachel T. , Roach Krystal N.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) was initially described as discretionary behavior not formally rewarded by the organization. However, empirical evidence has indicated that many non-task behaviors are compulsory and contribute to performance evaluation, leading to research on nondiscretionary OCB (e.g. compulsory citizenship, citizenship pressure). It is unclear whether these behaviors are best described as OCB, in-role behavior or a separate construct. The goal of the current study is to determine the conceptual and measurement overlap between OCB and nondiscretionary OCB.

Design/methodology/approach

In a quantitative survey design, we collected multiphasic data from 315 employees to provide evidence for the convergent/divergent validity of compulsory citizenship behavior within the OCB nomological network and separate from in-role behavior.

Findings

The results support a unique contribution of compulsory citizenship behavior to the operationalization of OCB by emphasizing the employees’ perceptions of whether they perform OCB autonomously.

Originality/value

This research shows a distinction that should be recognized in future research, as existing OCB theories may only apply to discretionary OCB, such that compelled citizenship is not OCB. This would explain why compulsory OCB incurs less benefits than other forms of externally-motivated (i.e. impression management) OCB.
Towards a sustainable workplace: investigating workplace cyberbullying and its relationship with employee wellbeing and intention to stay in remote and hybrid work settings
Authors: Aboobaker Nimitha , Shanujas V.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The advent of information and communication technologies in workplace settings has broadened the range of bullying behaviours that can manifest in the digital realm. However, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the impact of situational factors on employees' perceived cyberbullying within the workplace framework. Broadly, this study aims to investigate the effects of workplace cyberbullying on employees' wellbeing at work and their intention to stay with the organization, across two groups of employees: those who work in a fully remote mode and those employed in hybrid work arrangements.

Design/methodology/approach

The current descriptive and time-lagged study was conducted among a sample of 373 employees who work in the information technology sector in India, in either fully-remote or hybrid mode. The study utilized self-report questionnaires, which employed previously validated questionnaires. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling and multi-group analysis using IBM SPSS, AMOS, and STATs Tools Package.

Findings

The results demonstrate that cyberbullying negatively affects wellbeing at work and employees' intentions to stay with the organization. Remote-work employees experienced higher effects of workplace cyberbullying on their wellbeing at work. Also, the indirect effect of wellbeing at work was more pronounced and influential among remote work employees than hybrid work employees, suggesting the need for tailored support and resources for remote workers. Multi-group analysis across employees working in remote and hybrid work arrangements revealed that the relationship between workplace cyber-bullying and wellbeing at work is statistically stronger for remote-work employees.

Originality/value

This study represents a novel approach to developing and evaluating a theoretical model that explores the relationship between workplace cyberbullying, wellbeing at work, and the intention to stay with the organization within the context of remote/hybrid work arrangements. The findings offer theoretical and practical implications regarding the impact of workplace cyberbullying on job outcomes and aim to bridge a gap in current research. Particularly, the study highlights the positive outcomes of hybrid work over remote work and offers recommendations to mitigate the negative experiences among employees who work remotely.
Variables of performance governance model development: evidence from the Italian public healthcare
Authors: De Matteis Fabio , Borgonovi Elio
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The performance governance model, based on the use of performance information to improve governance, is particularly complex, considering the inter-institutional relationships and community involvement that it requires. In order to contribute to the scientific debate on this model, the paper aims to highlight what are the challenges in developing three variables of performance governance (operational performance measurement tools, governance integration and citizen involvement) in the public health context.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the previous literature, we identified three variables that characterize the performance governance model. We then explored them through the case study methodology applied to the Apulia Regional Health System.

Findings

The analysis allows us to conclude that the healthcare system under consideration is still far from applying the performance governance model, but it highlights some factors that are preparatory to the same. Moreover, starting from the empirical evidence, some considerations arise regarding managerial and policy making implications for the variables investigated.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to a growing body of critical literature on performance governance contextualizing the analysis in a particularly relevant area of the public sector, namely public health. Furthermore, the research also identifies some potential risks of the performance governance model (rigidity in performance measurement tool, organization-objective-responsibility relationship, participatory illusion).
Cultivating wiser service systems through communication
Authors: Moulton-Tetlock Edythe , Town Sophia , Rafieian Hoori , Corus Canan , Fisk Raymond P.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Our purpose is to offer the service research field a framework for cultivating wiser service systems via wise communication–which we define as “interactional activity that reflects and reifies the integrative, practical, and relational nature of organizations.”

Design/methodology/approach

We draw on the Communicative Constitution of Organizations (CCO) theory to integrate insights and findings from three primary research fields – service, communication, and organizational science – to develop a framework for cultivating wiser service systems through wise communication.

Findings

Our framework identifies three major components of wise communication: integrative, practical, and relational. These components require that wise communication be “holistic,” “dynamic,” and “constitutive” (the integrative component); “active,” “contextual,” and “pragmatic” (the practical component); and “compassionate,” “open-minded,” and “humble” (the relational component). We use illustrative examples from healthcare to show how these nine characteristics enable wise communication practices that facilitate wiser service systems.

Practical implications

Our framework provides helpful ways to organize and inspire insights into cultivating wiser systems. This framework identifies the theoretical components of wise communication and specific communicative actions that system members can implement to shape wiser service systems.

Social implications

Wiser service systems are necessary to tackle humanity's complex social, economic, and environmental challenges.

Originality/value

We propose a novel framework for cultivating wiser systems centered on wise communication. This framework contributes new insights into theory and practice. The application of CCO theory to service systems is unique. Our article is also an early example of adding normative context to the CCO literature. While wisdom literature primarily focuses on aspects of individual wisdom, we broaden the wisdom literature to service systems.
Post-implementation evaluation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems: an internal auditors’ perspective
Authors: Mamakou Xenia J. , Cohen Sandra , Manolopoulos Dimitris
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Enterprise resource planning systems (ERPs) have provided new challenges in the management of organizations’ internal and external risks, and their adoption has triggered groundbreaking changes to internal audit practices. This study aims to shed light on the use of ERPs in internal auditing by identifying interrelations between postevaluations of the ERPs’ quality dimensions with internal auditors’ satisfaction, intentions to continue using such systems and perceived benefits.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on a unique data set of internal auditors’ responses on a structured questionnaire, and by using the DeLone and McLean’s (2003) Information Systems success model as the conceptual framework, this study tests the research propositions by using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

The findings report statistically significant positive relationships among all three ERPs’ quality dimensions (system, information and service quality) with internal auditors’ satisfaction and intention to continue using these systems. Moreover, the study found that the benefits perceived by internal auditors were significantly influenced by their satisfaction with the system and their intention to continue using it.

Originality/value

The authors survey ERP postevaluation success factors in two unique contexts: internal auditors and Greece. Thus, the authors ground on previous research findings in diverse professional groups and national environments. In parallel, this study lends conceptual clarity and empirical evidence to a small but growing number of studies examining the implications of individuals’ perceptions, intentions and behavioral reactions in the context of ERP implementation.
Navigating the inception stage in online peer production communities: a comparative study on community building activities, user roles and interaction dynamics
Authors: Fu Hengyi
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This exploratory, descriptive study examines the factors that might influence the success or failure of online peer production communities during their inception stage. It focuses on community-building activities, the roles of users and the dynamics of user interaction, aiming to shed light on practices that could contribute to a community's success at the inception stage.

Design/methodology/approach

By comparing two Stack Exchange Q&A communities with the same timelines but opposite outcomes during their beta testing phases, the research utilizes quantitative methods to categorize community activities, define user roles via k-means cluster analysis and examine interaction networks using social network analysis.

Findings

Our findings suggest the successful Mathematics Q&A community exhibited several distinct practices during its inception, such as the utilization of both external and internal tools, the development of community-specific tutorials and the strategic use of flagging functions for moderation. Eight user roles were discerned, with roles like content editors, metadata curators and gatekeepers being particularly prominent in the successful community. Additionally, a more densely interconnected user network characterized by active participation was observed in the successful community.

Originality/value

Concentrating on the inception stage of online communities, this study uncovers insights into the dynamics at play in the early life of peer production environments and provides empirical observations that may assist in shaping strategies for new online communities. It stands out by comparing communities within the same period to understand factors that may influence their early success.
Brain drain incidence and health-care infrastructural deficit challenges: the role of capacity development among “JAPA” physicians in Nigeria
Authors: Akinwale Olusegun Emmanuel , Kuye Owolabi Lateef , George Olusoji James
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The brain drain challenge has become a cankerworm confronting not only the public health-care sector in Nigeria but almost all sectors of the national economy. This study aims to explore the push factors responsible for brain drain incidence among the migrated, JAPA, physicians to other global work environments. The study investigates the mediating role of capacity development among migrated, JAPA, physicians between the health-care infrastructural deficit and brain drain syndrome.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a survey cross-sectional research design to examine the 214 migrated physicians in four notable perceived countries (UK, USA, Canada and Australia). The study used a probability sampling strategy to survey a self-administered online research instrument. The study adapted a battery of scales from several authors to measure the relevant constructs of this study. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to examine factors that provoke the incidence of brain drain burden among the JAPA Physicians. While Macro Hayes Process was used to investigate the mediating role of capacity development among migrated physicians.

Findings

The study revealed from the “JAPA” physicians that working conditions are turbulent and utterly poor which led to the incidence of brain drain. The study indicated that poor remuneration and benefits are the predominant reason for JAPA physicians to European countries and USA/UK. The findings of the study demonstrated that restricted opportunities and poor standard of living in the country were additional factors responsible for the brain drain of Nigerian physicians to other international countries. The outcome of the study also illustrated that inadequate infrastructure and facilities are the dominant variables that pushed physicians to foreign nations. It was revealed that there is a toxic mix of several issues that led to a brain drain albatross among the migrated physicians from Nigeria. The last part of the study indicated that physicians’ capacity development was a game changer that would discourage brain drain incidence and establish motivation for working in Nigeria's public health-care sector.

Originality/value

The study has given a direction for providing succinct solutions to the cankerworm of brain drain that has depleted the Nigerian public health-care industry. It has proffered a possible trajectory that will reverse the JAPA syndrome among the professional health-care workforce. This will not only benefit the public health-care personnel but also be significant for all the human capital across all the sectors of the national economy of Nigeria.
Waiting for change: a case study on the social construction of digital transformation in the public sector
Authors: Tinjan Malin
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The study aims to understand digital transformation as a socially constructed process with multiple stakeholders, influenced by internal and external forces. This perspective stresses the importance of context, human interaction and narratives in the digital transformation within public sector.

Design/methodology/approach

The author uses a case study at a Swedish university undergoing digital transformation. Through first and secondary data, the author thematically analyzes the interaction between change agents, organizational realities and the digital transformation process.

Findings

The study finds that conflicts in pace and scope in the digital transformation drive self-defense mechanisms and the formation of a feedback loop of pending action. Contrary to previous studies, technological and external forces do not make digital transformation inevitable.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations stem from the empirical selection of a Swedish university, affecting the international and intersectoral transferability of the study. The impact of digital transformation differs from previous IT changes, which has implications for the design of the digital transformation process.

Practical implications

Stakeholders should, instead of considering structural and cultural barriers as facts, pay attention to the narratives within the organization as potential excuses to avoid action.

Originality/value

This research contributes to original insights into digital transformation. It uncovers how change agents, despite longing for change, can inadvertently foster inaction in digital transformation. This finding enriches the literature by highlighting the complex dynamics between the desire for change and the social constructs that contribute to stagnation, offering an understanding of barriers to digital transformation.
Barriers to quality healthcare among transgender and gender nonconforming adults
Authors: Berrian Kedryn , Exsted Marci D. , Lampe Nik M. , Pease Sayer L. , Akré Ellesse‐Roselee L.
Published: July 2024

Objective

To determine the barriers transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) adults face when accessing or receiving healthcare in the United States.

Data Sources and Study Setting

Primary data were collected between September 2022 and March 2023 from a purposive sample of TGNC adults (N = 116 participants) using an online survey with a series of open‐ended and closed‐ended questions.

Study Design

Thematic analysis was employed to extract and analyze participants' responses to an open‐ended question about challenges they experienced when accessing or receiving healthcare. Two members of the research team conducted qualitative data analyses using Dedoose. The quality of each analysis was subsequently reviewed by a third research team member.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

Data were collected from responses to one open‐ended question that asked about participants' healthcare barriers as a TGNC individual.

Principal Findings

Five main themes surrounding healthcare barriers emerged from the content analysis: (1) acceptability, (2) accommodation, (3) affordability, (4) availability, and (5) accessibility. First, participants who noted acceptability issues reported explicit discriminatory treatment from providers, providers not using their chosen names and pronouns (e.g., misgendering), and provider refusal to provide gender‐affirming care. Second, participants who experienced accommodation challenges identified provider medical training gaps on TGNC patient needs and administrative barriers to care. Third, participants explained affordability issues due to a lack of adequate health insurance coverage. Fourth, participants described availability challenges with accessing hormone therapy prescriptions. Finally, participants noted accessibility issues with obtaining TGNC‐specific care at LGBTQ+‐affirming clinics.

Conclusions

There is a growing interest in the needs of TGNC adults within healthcare settings. This requires that health policies are enacted to ensure that TGNC adults have access to healthcare that is accommodating and accepting/affirming. Study findings may provide insight into the potential impact of current legislation on transgender access and availability.
Police reform in public housing contexts: Body‐worn cameras, surveillance, and harm reduction in New York City Housing Authority developments
Authors: Braga Anthony A. , MacDonald John M. , McCabe James E.
Published: July 2024

Research summary

The concern of crime in New York City public housing complexes motivated heightened police patrol of buildings and the enforcement of trespass laws. The 2013 federal court settlement of Davis et al. v. City of New York et al. mandated that the New York City Police Department (NYPD) implement a series of reforms, including the deployment of body‐worn cameras (BWCs) on officers, to address unconstitutional use of criminal trespass enforcement and stop and frisk practices in public housing developments. This study employed a stepped wedge quasi‐experimental design that involved the sequential crossover of public housing service area clusters from control to BWC implementation until all NYPD housing bureau officers were equipped with BWCs. Panel regression models at the individual officer and service area levels were used to estimate BWC program impacts on outcomes between 2015 and 2019. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the impact of the BWCs on the lawfulness of officer stop reports that were randomly selected for audit between 2017 and 2019. Results show that BWC deployment in public housing reduced excessive enforcement, citizen complaints, and use of force by NYPD housing officers. Findings further suggest that BWCs can help reduce constitutionally problematic stops and frisks of citizens.

Policy implications

Problematic police activities in public housing contexts can be reformed using BWCs. When coupled with routine supervisory review of video footage, the deployment of BWCs on public housing officers can improve compliance with department directives to reduce enforcement actions and increase documentation of citizen stops.
Phaeocystis globosa and diatom blooms promote distinct bacterial communities and associations in a coastal ecosystem
Authors: Skouroliakou Dimitra‐Ioli , Breton Elsa , Christaki Urania
Published: July 2024

Phytoplankton and bacteria form the foundation of marine food webs. While most studies on phytoplankton bloom influence on bacteria dynamics focus on diatom‐dominated blooms due to their global ecological significance, it is unclear if similar patterns extend to other species that compete with diatoms like Phaeocystis spp. This study aimed to contribute to the understanding of associations between phytoplankton and bacteria in a temperate ecosystem. For this, we studied the dynamics of phytoplankton and bacteria, combining 16S metabarcoding, microscopy, and flow cytometry over 4 years (282 samples). Phytoplankton and bacterial communities were studied throughout the year, particularly during contrasting phytoplankton blooms dominated by the Haptophyte Phaeocystis globosa or diatoms. We applied extended local similarity analysis (eLSA) to construct networks during blooming and non‐blooming periods. Overall, the importance of seasonal and species‐specific interactions between phytoplankton and bacteria is highlighted. In winter, mixed diatom communities were interconnected with bacteria, indicating a synergistic degradation of diverse phytoplankton‐derived substrates. In spring, despite the intensity variations of P. globosa blooms, the composition of bacterial communities remained consistent over several years, suggesting establishing a stable‐state environment for bacterial communities. Specific associations between monospecific diatom blooms and bacteria were evidenced in summer.
Linguistic style as a digital marker for depression severity: An ambulatory assessment pilot study in patients with depressive disorder undergoing sleep deprivation therapy
Authors: Hartnagel Lisa‐Marie , Ebner‐Priemer Ulrich W. , Foo Jerome C. , Streit Fabian , Witt Stephanie H. , Frank Josef , Limberger Matthias F. , Horn Andrea B. , Gilles Maria , Rietschel Marcella , Sirignano Lea
Published: July 2024

Background

Digital phenotyping and monitoring tools are the most promising approaches to automatically detect upcoming depressive episodes. Especially, linguistic style has been seen as a potential behavioral marker of depression, as cross‐sectional studies showed, for example, less frequent use of positive emotion words, intensified use of negative emotion words, and more self‐references in patients with depression compared to healthy controls. However, longitudinal studies are sparse and therefore it remains unclear whether within‐person fluctuations in depression severity are associated with individuals' linguistic style.

Methods

To capture affective states and concomitant speech samples longitudinally, we used an ambulatory assessment approach sampling multiple times a day via smartphones in patients diagnosed with depressive disorder undergoing sleep deprivation therapy. This intervention promises a rapid change of affective symptoms within a short period of time, assuring sufficient variability in depressive symptoms. We extracted word categories from the transcribed speech samples using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count.

Results

Our analyses revealed that more pleasant affective momentary states (lower reported depression severity, lower negative affective state, higher positive affective state, (positive) valence, energetic arousal and calmness) are mirrored in the use of less negative emotion words and more positive emotion words.

Conclusion

We conclude that a patient's linguistic style, especially the use of positive and negative emotion words, is associated with self‐reported affective states and thus is a promising feature for speech‐based automated monitoring and prediction of upcoming episodes, ultimately leading to better patient care.
Quantitative easing and correlation dynamics in the aftermath of the Great Recession: A dynamic conditional correlation with exogenous variables approach
Authors: de la Horra Luis Pablo , Gabriel Amadeus , Giménez Roche Gabriel A. , Perote Javier
Published: July 2024

Identifying the effects of quantitative easing (QE) on asset return correlations is critical to assessing such policies’ impact across financial markets. In this paper, we use a dynamic conditional correlation model that allows us to measure the impact of unconventional monetary policy on time‐varying correlations. Our results suggest that QE significantly affected correlations between stocks and bonds after the Great Recession via short‐term portfolio balance effects. The findings are critical for policy‐makers and practitioners alike. Central banks should consider the impact of monetary policy on asset correlations in their cost–benefit analyses. Likewise, portfolio managers are encouraged to factor in the effects of monetary policy on correlations to optimize portfolios and reduce potential losses strategically.
What explains the recent increase of gender wage gap in China?
Authors: Liao Lusi
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates the changes of gender wage gap in urban and rural areas and examines the effect of wage structure and unobserved characteristics on the gap by using the Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP) survey in 2013 and 2018. We document a significant increase of the gender wage gap in both areas as well as among rural‐to‐urban migrants. By applying Katz and Murphy's supply‐demand framework, we find that the demand has shifted toward younger, more educated workers, and the demand for male workers is higher than that for female workers during the time. The Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition of gender wage gap suggests that factors, such as occupation, parenthood status, and industry, have contributed to the expansion of wage gap. Furthermore, the Juhn–Murphy–Pierce decomposition of the change in gender wage gap implies that the expansion is owing to rising discrimination against females and gender‐specific factors such as observed and unobserved characteristics that have performed unfavorably for females.
Organ Offer Review Cards: Improving Transparency on the Kidney Transplant Waitlist
Authors: Rasheed Husain A. , Pensler Meridith , Diaz Sarah , Roney Emily , Barrett Meredith , Sonnenberg Elizabeth M.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The 2022 National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report on equity in organ transplantation highlighted limited transparency and accountability for organ offer declines and recommended prioritizing patient engagement in decisions regarding organ offers. Yet, there is no guidance on how to incorporate patients in organ offers. We elected to study the experiences of patients on the waitlist and their perception of a novel Organ Offer Review Card (OORC).

Methods

A prototype OORC was created using Donornet refusal codes. Sixty randomly selected kidney waitlist patients at a single center were asked to participate in a web‐based survey focusing on current medical decision‐making preferences and perceptions of the prototype OORC.

Results

Among the 43 patients reached, 17 (39.5%) completed the survey. Most participants (88.2%) expressed it was important to be involved in the decision‐making about organ offers, with 100.0% of respondents wanting to know why an organ was declined. Regarding the prototype OORC, 94.1% thought it helped them understand the factors and priorities considered when selecting an organ, and 88.2% said it increased their belief that their team was acting in their best interest.

Conclusion

An OORC could increase transparency and communication during the waitlist process while enhancing trust in the transplant team.
Does HPV‐18 co‐infection increase the risk of cervical pathology in individuals with HPV‐16?
Authors: Gökkaya Mustafa , Alcı Aysun , Aytekin Okan , Unsal Mehmet , Cakır Caner , Oktar Okan , Yalcin Necim , Kahraman Alper , Tokalioglu Alp , Ersak Burak , Yıldırım Hande Esra Koca , Koc Sevgi , Toptas Tayfun , Kilic Fatih , Celik Fatih , Boran Nurettin , Ustun Yaprak , Tekin Ozlem Moraloglu , Comert Gunsu Kimyon , Korkmaz Vakkas , Turan Taner , Ureyen Isin
Published: July 2024

Objective

We aimed to investigate differences between HPV‐16 mono‐ and HPV‐16/18 co‐infections in terms of cervical dysplasia and invasive cancer.

Methods

This multicentre, retrospective study spanned from December 2017 to December 2020, involving women who visited gynaecological oncology clinics for colposcopy with either HPV‐16 or HPV‐16/18 positivity. A total of 736 patients, 670 in Group 1 (HPV‐16 positivity) and 66 in Group 2 (HPV‐16/18 positivity), were compared for the presence of CIN2+ lesions detected by colposcopic biopsy or endocervical curettage (ECC). Exclusions included hysterectomized patients, those with prior gynaecological cancers, and patients with HPV positivity other than types 16 and 18.

Results

Among the included patients, 42.4% had a diagnosis of CIN2+ lesions. The cytology results demonstrated abnormal findings in 45.3% in Group 1 and 42.2% in Group 2, with no significant difference between the groups. ECC revealed CIN2+ lesion in 49 (8.7%) patients in group 1, while only 1 (1.7%) patient had CIN2+ lesion in group 2. There was no difference between 2 groups in terms of ECC result (p = 0.052). In group 1, 289 (43.1%) patients had CIN2+ lesion, while 23 (34.8%) patients had CIN2+ lesions in group 2. There was no difference between group 1 and 2 in terms of diagnosis of CIN2+ lesions (p = 0.19).

Conclusion

This multicentre retrospective study found no significant differences between HPV‐16 mono‐ and HPV‐16/18 co‐infections regarding cervical pathologies. Larger studies are needed to validate and further explore these findings.
On the Economics of Cross‐border Reparations Payments: The Case for a Bank of International Reparations
Authors: Sissoko Carolyn
Published: July 2024

This article considers the challenge of ensuring that international reparations payments are effective in benefiting the recipient countries of such reparations. To guarantee that these financial flows provide long‐term benefits to the recipient economies, the article recommends the adoption of a developmental state approach to the use of the funds. It also considers in detail the advantages of establishing a Bank of International Reparations that serves as a trustee for the receipt and distribution of reparations, facilitates coordination of the use of reparations across countries to avoid disadvantageous forms of competition, provides investment banking services to support the use of the reparations to fund a domestically focused ‘sovereign wealth fund’, and provides ‘public option’ commercial banking services to recipient country firms in order to foster the growth of recipient country economies. Finally, the article finds that the most effective means of funding the reparations would be to use Special Drawing Rights (or SDRs).
Very rare case of pancreatic stent migration into the biliary stent
Authors: Suenaga Akihiko , Ohno Akihisa , Fujimori Nao
Published: July 2024

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Inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis through the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase‐stimulator of interferon genes pathway by stress granules after ALKBH5 demethylase activation during diabetic myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Li Wenyuan , Qin Renwu , Tang Zhen , Wang Changqing , Xu Heng , Li Wei , Leng Yan , Wang Yao , Xia Zhongyuan
Published: July 2024

Aim

Post‐transcriptional modifications and their specific mechanisms are the focus of research on the regulation of myocardial damage. Stress granules (SGs) can inhibit the inflammatory response by inhibiting the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. This study investigated whether alkylation repair homologue protein 5 (ALKBH5) could affect myocardial inflammation and apoptosis during diabetic myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) through the cGAS‐STING pathway via SGs.

Methods

A diabetes ischaemia‐reperfusion rat model and a high glucose hypoxia/reoxygenation cell model were established. Adeno‐associated virus (AAV) and lentivirus (LV) were used to overexpress ALKBH5, while the SG agonist arsenite (Ars) and the SG inhibitor anisomycin were used as interventions. Then, the levels of apoptosis and related indicators in the cell and rat models were measured.

Results

In the in vivo experiment, compared with the normal sham group, the degree of myocardial tissue damage, creatine kinase‐MB and cardiac troponin I in serum, and myocardial apoptosis, the infarcted area of myocardium, and the level of B‐cell lymphoma 2 associated X protein, cGAS‐STING pathway and inflammatory factors in the diabetes ischaemia‐reperfusion group were significantly increased. However, the expression of SGs and the levels of ALKBH5, rat sarcoma‐GTPase‐activating protein‐binding protein 1, T‐cell intracellular antigen‐1 and Bcl2 were significantly decreased. After AAV‐ALKBH5 intervention, the degree of myocardial tissue damage, degree of myocardial apoptosis, and extent of myocardial infarction in myocardial tissue were significantly decreased. In the in vitro experiment, compared with those in the normal control group, the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, inflammation and apoptosis were significantly greater, and cell viability and the levels of ALKBH5 and SGs were decreased in the high glucose and hypoxia/reoxygenation groups. In the high glucose hypoxia/reoxygenation cell model, the degree of cell damage, inflammation, and apoptosis was greater than those in the high glucose and hypoxia/reoxygenation models, and the levels of ALKBH5 and SGs were further decreased. LV‐ALKBH5 and Ars alleviated the degree of cell damage and inhibited inflammation and cell apoptosis. The inhibition of SGs could partly reverse the protective effect of LV‐ALKBH5. The cGAS agonist G140 antagonized the inhibitory effects of the SG agonist Ars on cardiomyocyte apoptosis, inflammation and the cGAS‐STING pathway.

Conclusion

Both ALKBH5 and SGs inhibited myocardial inflammation and apoptosis during diabetic myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion. Mechanistically, ALKBH5 might inhibit the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes by promoting the expression of SGs through the cGAS‐STING pathway.