bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Aluminum Supply and Demand Development Trend in China and the United States
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Xiang
Published: June 2014

Abstract: In this paper we use comparative method to analyze the evolution law and development trend of aluminum resources supply and demand in China and the United States, the purpose is to predict the future China aluminum supply and demand trend. This paper analyses the primary aluminum production, secondary aluminum production, import and export volume, consumption of aluminum and other data in China from 1956 to 2013, and in the United States from 1900 to 2013. The results show that: (1) the aluminum resources supply and demand trend of the United States are in line with "S" shape, while the primary aluminum development show a trend of inverted "U" curve; (2) China primary aluminum production and consumption trend both appears inverted "U" curve; (3) China begin to reduce the external dependency of secondary aluminum with its self-sufficiency ability raise; (4) China secondary aluminum production ratio will be more than primary aluminum ratio.
The Definition and Identification of Natural Resources Industries
Authors: Wu Shu Li
Published: June 2014

Natural resources industries are important for human. However, they are neither received enough attention nor there is consistent definition on them in theory and empirical studies. This paper tries to give a specific definition on natural resource industries. In order to define natural resource products as those production activities of resource specific products, it first confines the scope of natural resources, then it gives a specific definition on resource specific products, and then on natural resource industries. In the last part of this paper, it identifies resource specific products and resource industries from the perspective of statistics.
Coordination of Economic Development and Ecological Compensation in Miyun Reservoir
Authors: Zhang Biao , Li Yun Yan
Published: June 2014

Miyun reservoir, the most important water conservation in Beijing, is of great importance to ecological conservation area. However,the current Eco-compensation mechanism is not perfect and economy of the reservoir area is still not well resolved.In order to achieve the coordination of ecological protection and economic development, first we need to perfect the ecological compensation mechanism, establish reasonable compensation standards and promote diversification of compensation method. Also we need to reposition the area function, optimize the industrial structure of the district, speeding up the integration of urban and rural construction in Beijing.
Economic Development and Environmental Pollution in China Based on Spatial Lag Single-Index Models
Authors: Sun Lin , Chen Hao
Published: June 2014

The paper is devoted to investigate the comprehensive impacts of the economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) on the environmental pollution in China from 2007 to 2010. Based on the spatial correlation of environmental pollution, a new spatial lag single-index model is constructed, and the profile likelihood estimation method and a comprehensive environmental pollution indicator are used in empirical analysis. The results indicate that the comprehensive impact on the environmental pollution support "U" shaped relationship, and tend to have a negative impact.
Demand and Development Measures for Liaoning Environmental Protection Industry
Authors: He Feng Wei , Liu Tong , Zhang Ya Qin
Published: June 2014

Environmental service industry is not only the environmental protectionmaterial basis and the technical support, but also an important aspect ofexpanding domestic demand, to maintain growth, adjusting structure. In this paper, based on the research status of environmental protection industry of Liaoning province in 2012, the "Twelfth Five Year Plan" period of environmental protection industry in Liaoning province development needsand promote the environmental protection industry development in Liaoning province and countermeasures.
Analysis on Gray Correlation between Environmental Pollution Level and Influence Factors in Jilin Province
Authors: Cui Feng Wu , Gao Biao
Published: June 2014

Based on the data of environmental indicators and influence factors in Jilin Province, the gray correlation analysis was used. The results showed the major influence factors of environmental indicators included four aspects: industry ratio, the tertiary industry ratio, energy consumption per unit of GDP, the number of environmental scientific research. A series of effective measures in Jilin Province must be taken to optimize industrial structure, increase the innovations of science and technology, and improve the quality and quantity of environmental scientific research personnel, in order to ensure coordinate healthy progress between economic growth and environmental protection.
The Study on Eco-Compensation in Restricted Development Zones under the Framework of the Main Functional Area
Authors: Wang Ming Qing , Lu Yan Li
Published: June 2014

The vulnerability of ecological environment and regional poverty are the two most basic features for “restricted development zones” in China. Under the background of the main function division coordinating the regional development, the restricted development zones need to bear the “ecological” division of labor, and it is difficult to effectively integrate the regional ecological function and the economic development; besides, regional externalities often result contradictions and conflicts of the ecological interests among regions. Therefore, the sustainable development of restricted development zones under major function regionalization has to solve the problem of regional eco-compensation. This paper firstly analyzes the eco-environment and the characteristics of socioeconomic development in the restricted development area and the dilemma of the regional sustainable development. And then, the paper further discusses the idea and the policy orientation of the eco-compensation for the restricted development zones. At last, it makes clear of the nature of the “flexible restrictions” in restricted development zones, comes up with the general train of thought of the regional eco-compensation in restricted development zones under the framework of the main functional area, and then explores the eco-compensation policy innovation and the institutional assurance in the restricted development zones.
Analysis on Consumption Causes of Environmental Problem
Authors: Wu Yong Chun , Xu Lian Feng
Published: June 2014

The negative impact of consumption on the ecological environment has long been ignored, However, environmental problems whether caused by population growth, technological progress or production development are closely related to the consumption. This paper argues that the improper consumption patterns driven by consumption desire, are the deep reasons of the resource crisis and environmental degradation, On this basis, this paper expounds the consumption causes of environmental problems.
Study on Evaluation Method for Sustainable Development of Reservoir Resettlement Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Cao Hao
Published: June 2014

The sustainable development evaluation of reservoir resettlement has great significance to future planning and implementation of water conservancy and hydropower projects. Based on the analysis of the current condition of reservoir resettlement, this paper established a comprehensive evaluation index system for sustainable development of reservoir resettlement, with the consideration of economic, social, cultural and environmental factors. The Analytic Hierarchy Process method is proposed to determine the weight of each index. The case of the Three Gorges reservoir resettlement in Tianchang, Anhui is analyzed, and the feasibility of the proposed method is verified.
VRP Research Based on Hybrid Artificial Intelligent Algorithm
Authors: Jiang Qiu , Kang Zhou , Kai Shao , Juan Zhao
Published: June 2014

In order to find a better way to solve the Vehicle Routing Problem ,this paper puts forward a new way. In this paper combines Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm and Tabu Search Algorithm to solve the Vehicle Routing Problem, at first use Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm to get the phase solution as the initial solution of Tabu Search Algorithm, and then get the best solution of the problem by Tabu Search Algorithm.Experiments show this has a good search ability to Vehicle Routing Problem.
Research on the Islands Sustainable Development Appraisement
Authors: Wang Yu Mei , Sun Yu Jie , Lin Han Chuan
Published: June 2014

This article established indicators system and Gray-connection method of Islands stainable development appraisement basing on the domestic and abroad studied results of stainable development and combining the practice of the Islands and data obtained. Which are the bases of further discussion of the stainable development patterns of Island and important principle for the decision-making,management and control of littoral stainable development.
The Coupling Degree Analysis Based on Venous Industry Cluster of Circular Economy
Authors: Zhang Ben Yue , Zhang Heng Yi , Yin Yue , Wang Xuan Wen
Published: June 2014

The inevitable choice of implementing circular economy and achieving sustainable development strategy is venous industry vigorously developing. However, there are some elements that have already restricted the development of venous industry such as deficient knowledge of the development of venous industry, old ideas, lack of government policy support, low industry coupling degree and low technical content and less capital investment. Therefore, in terms of analyzing venous industry development status of China, giving suggestions to improve the venous industry system and government policy.
Research on Green Low-Carbon Management Measures of Integrated Passenger Transportation Hub
Authors: Li Ya Fan , Wang Juan , Tian Xin
Published: June 2014

This paper firstly analyzed the current situation of integrated passenger transportation hub, putting forward the integrated passenger transportation hub had a strong advantage on developing green low-carbon economy. And then based on the energy consumption analysis of integrated passenger transportation hub, energy saving and emission reduction management measures were proposed.
Considerations on the Existing Problems of Urban Public Transportation System Development and Suggestions
Authors: Feng Guo Wen
Published: June 2014

urban traffic congestion will not only cause traffic problems, but also lead to environmental problems. Important method to ease urban congestion is to establish advanced public transportation system in cities. Currently, partaking rate of public transportation is insufficient in China, thus making it impossible for public transportation to play expected role. In order to solve the problem of partaking rate of public transportation in cities, efforts should be made to give full play to the government’s role, improve internal operation efficiency and guide urban residents to select public transportation for trips actively.
Interpretive Structural Model of the Evolution of Urban Economic Space
Authors: Wang Qi , Jiao Yuan Yuan , Guo Xiao Li
Published: June 2014

An urban economic space system consists of an interactional economic system and its carrier. Characterized by numerous elements, complex relations, and structural levels, this system is also composed of the following: industrialization, urbanization and its cooperative system, environmental restrictions, and other subsystems. Structural principle and interpretive structural modeling are employed to build an interpretive structural model of 36 elements distributed across 12 levels. The following relation, i.e., industrialization → urbanization → environmental restrictions, constitutes a core substructure that affects the cooperative degree of urbanization and industrialization.
The Basic Idea and Key Elements of China's National Sustainable Communities (CNSCs)
Authors: Shao Chao Feng , Guan Yang , Ju Mei Ting
Published: June 2014

China has grown rapidly since 1978, when it began to reform. However, the conflicts between the fast economic social development and pressure of the resources and environment are increasingly outstanding, which restrict regional social and economic sustainable development. Experience shows that China's National Sustainable Communities (CNSCs) since 1986 were the important carrier to carry out the sustainable development strategy and promote the coordinative development of economy, society, resources and environment. Based on the requirements and new trends of CNSCs, the basic idea for construction and development of current CNSCs was built, and the key elements and links were discussed, which guide proper planning to different types of CNSC construction.
The Accessibility Analysis of Highway Network in Mount Jinggang
Authors: Fang Chao Yang , Miao Li Ling , Xu Jian , Pan Yan Jiang , Gao Dan
Published: June 2014

Take Mount Jinggang as a case study. This paper selected different target nodes such as scenic spots, highway interchanges, traffic distribution centers, tourism service facilities. Due to the specialty of study area, we divided geomorphic units by auto-extraction method based on DEM. Considered influences of speed indicator caused by terrain. Adopted weighted average travel time evolution model. The accessibility results show that: 1) The general level of accessibility is well, but there exist significant differences between nodes. 2) The spatial distribution of accessibility follows distance attenuation regular, and attenuates slowly along the high grade road. 3) The spatial distributions of accessibility are anastomosed with terrain spatial patterns greatly.
Optimizing the Transportation Network Layout of Qinghai Province to Strengthen Synthetically Development of the Tourism Industry in Western Regions of China
Authors: Xie Jia An , Gao Xin Chuang , Cao Sheng Kui , Li Lin Qin , Gao Xiao Hong
Published: June 2014

Regional comprehensive transportation system, dependence and expression form of regional economy integration, is the foundation of the regional economy overall coordination development and giving full play to the regional economic potential. Optimizing the transportation network layout in Qinghai province will further drive the vertical development of the tourism industry in the western region of China, promote the horizontal communication of cultural landscapes, show the features of religious culture, form the tourism core competitiveness, thus produce the integrative tourism industry of regional space combination, and overall promote comprehensive developments of the western tourism industry.
Research on Application of the Television Image Logging Technique in the Englineering Test Borehole
Authors: Wang Fa Gang , Xiao Guo Qiang
Published: June 2014

A whole image of a reconnaissance well with acoustic time, acoustic amplitude and video can be obtained by an image logging apparatus. The results (feature dip/strike and azimuth, joint density analysis, synthetic cores, feature stereograms, rose diagrams, deviation plots of borehole) of image logging are displayed in the form of well explained figures, intuitionistic, vivid and easy to be analyzed. Image well logging technique has played an important role in oil and gas exploration, but its application in construction engineering is still in its initial testing phase. The hardware constitution and the basic principle of RG image logging apparatus system are simply introduced, and its application effects in transmission cable tunnel project are also displayed in this paper
Simple Application of Variance Reduction Techniques in Monte Carlo and Missile Simulation
Authors: Guo Ying Ying , Zhang Zhi Gang
Published: June 2014

Nowadays the Monte Carlo Method has grown in maturity in the simulation area of missile trails. Considering that, this paper presents several techniques of variance reduction combined with Monte Carlo method. Hoping that these techniques will improve the precision and reliability of the simulation .The results of tests indicate that different methods can reduce the variance of missile simulation in various degrees which will help us handle the conclusions of simulation well and truly.
A State Recognition Method Based on the State Space Theory
Authors: He Xi , Gu Yu Jiong , Xu Ting
Published: June 2014

With the development of the monitoring technology in industrial process, it is increasingly important for state recognition of the mechanical devices. By learning from the immune identification process, state space theory is used for state recognition in this paper. In this method, some state spaces are compared by the space affinity which is regarded as the calculated difference between spaces. Take the minimum space affinity as the final recognition index and then its corresponding remark in remark set can be selected. Through the sample analysis, state space theory is proved to be simple, effective and practical, and can improve the accuracy of recognition according to detailed state standard.
A Novel Approach Automatic Detection of Suspicious Behavior
Authors: Zhu Shao Ping , Chen Yu Hua
Published: June 2014

We propose an efficient method for automatic detection of suspicious behavior in video surveillance data. First of all, we cluster a set of sequences labeled as normal or suspicious. Then, we assign new observation sequences to behavior clusters. We label a sequence as suspicious if it maps to an existing model of suspicious behavior or does not map to any existing model according to the corresponding HMMs. We evaluate our proposed method on a real-world video surveillance and find that the method is very effective at detecting suspicious behavior.
An Improved ID3 Decision Tree Algorithm
Authors: Chen Xiao Juan , Zhang Zhi Gang , Tong Yue
Published: June 2014

As the classical algorithm of the decision tree classification algorithm, ID3 algorithm is famous for the merits of high classifying speed, strong learning ability and easy construction. But when used to make classification, the problem of inclining to choose attributions which have many values affect its practicality. This paper presents an improved algorithm based on the expectation information entropy and Association Function instead of the traditional information gain. In the improved algorithm, it modified the expectation information entropy with the improved Association Function and the number of the attributes values. The experiment result shows that the improved algorithm can get more reasonable and more effective rules.
Geochemistry Features and the Tectonic Setting of Intrusive Rocks in Halegati, Xinjiang
Authors: Wang Xin Li , Mi Wen Tian , Peng Yi Wei , Gao Hu , Zhang Li Qiang , Bai Xiang
Published: June 2014

Halegati Fe-Cu deposit of skarn was located in the Boluokenu metallogenic belt. With the research of the geochemistry characteristic of granodiorites, the results showed that the rocks belonged to I type granite with the features of siliceous, metaluminous, low magnesium , high-k and alkalic. The intrusive rocks had a close association with the mineralization, which had the features of enrichment of large-ion lithophile elements (K, Rb, Ba, Th) and relative depleted in high-field strength elements (Nb, Ta, P, Ti).The intrusive rocks in Halegati had the characteristic of strongly differentiation between LREE and HREE and negative Eu anomalies obviously. The REE distribution curves had the right types. The intrusive rocks were formed in the environment of volcanic arc, which produced in the tectonic setting of supra subduction zone.
Effective Data Structure for the Multidimensional Orthogonal Bin Packing Problems
Authors: Chekanin Alexander V. , Chekanin Vladislav A.
Published: June 2014

The actual in industry multidimensional orthogonal packing problem is considered in the article. Solution of a large number of different practical optimization problems, including resources saving problem, optimization problems in logistics, scheduling and planning comes down to the orthogonal packing problem which is NP-hard in strong sense. One of the indicators characterizing the efficiency of packing constructing algorithm is the efficiency of the used data structure. In the article a multilevel linked data structure that increases the speed of constructing of a packing is proposed. The carried out computational experiments show the high efficiency of the new data structure. Multilevel linked data structure is applicable for multidimensional orthogonal bin packing problems any kind.
An Efficient and Robust Kernelized Possibilistic C-Means Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Hu Ya Ting , Qu Fu Heng , Xue Yao Hong , Yang Yong
Published: June 2014

To avoid the initialization sensitivity and low computational efficiency problems of the kernelized possibilistic c-means clustering algorithm (KPCM), a new clustering algorithm called efficient and robust kernelized possibilistic c-means clustering algorithm (ERKPCM) was proposed in this paper. ERKPCM improved KPCM by two ways. First, the data are refined by the data reduction technique, which makes it keep the data structure of the original data and have higher efficiency. Secondly, weighted clustering algorithm is executed several times to estimate cluster centers accurately, which makes it more robust to initializations and get more reasonable partitions. As a by-product, ERKPCM overcomes the problem of generating coincident clusters of KPCM. The contrast experimental results with conventional algorithms show that ERKPCM is more robust to initializations, and has a relatively high precision and efficiency.
The Design and Development of the Mobile Terminal Based on MES
Authors: Lei Wang
Published: June 2014

Abstract.As a pillar industry of the national economy, manufacturing is the centralized embodiment of the international competitiveness. Manufacturing industry in china has developed quickly and gotten lots of achievements in recent years. Nevertheless, compared with the developed countries, we still have great gaps, such as the improper ratio of the light and heavy industry,the lacking ability of market research and technical innovation, especially the out-dated concept of management which hinder the development of the manufacturing industry in our country seriously. Nowadays, the most widely used real-time system of management in manufacturing is the Manufacturing Execution system(MES for short). MES is a kind of production management technology and real-time information system facing manufacturing workshop,also is the management information system facing the workshop between the management system at the top and the control system at the bottom. Mobile computing is a kind of new arisen technology at the basis of the rapid development of mobile communication, the Internet, database, distributed computing technology and so on. Mobile computing technology will make the computer or other information intelligent terminal equipments transfer data and share resources in wireless environment.
Analysis on Chinese Environmental Protection Talents Training
Authors: Tang Xiao Yan
Published: June 2014

Currently, the demand for Chinese environmental protection talents has following features: The work field of environmental protection moves down, so the basic level of environmental protection talents are much needed. Also, the construction and management on urban environmental protection infrastructure is enhanced, so the facility operation and management personnel are much needed. And the structure of environmental protection industry becomes increasingly complicated, so the new type of interdisciplinary talents are much needed. In order to meet the demand for environmental protection talents, the countermeasures about talent training are shown as below: we shall timely adjust the overall arrangement of subject and major based on the demand for environmental protection industry, and the stakeholders shall have a comprehensive cooperation to establish a long-term mechanism for environmental protection talents training.
The Research on the Relationship between the Geothermal Resource and the Partial Melting Layer in Yangbajain
Authors: Xu Dai Li , Wei Wen Bo , Zhang Le Tian
Published: June 2014

The southern and eastern Tibetan Plateau is very rich in the Geothermal resource, especailly in Yangbajain. To study the Geothermal in Yangbajain, a wide band magnetotelluric sounding profile, which belongs to the project “the process of the magnetotelluric sounding data in the Tibetan Plateau”, was finished in 2013. The line is from Zhanang to Yangbajain. The line is more than 200KM long and has 36 stations, and it crosses the Indus-Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone (IYZSZ). The result shows that a large scale highly conductive body exists between the area of Zhanang and Yangbajain, which reaches more than 15KM in depth. It is proved that the highly conductive body suggests that partial melt and/or aqueous fluids are widespread within the Tibetan crust. Generally speaking, the existence of the large highly conductive body has a close relation with the underground thermal state. So we infer that the existence of a huge scale highly conductive body under Yangbajain means the active underground thermal movement which leads to the rich geothermal in Yangbajain.
Prediction of the Location of the Sources of Mine Water Influx Based on Cluster Analyses of the Chemical Characteristics of Water
Authors: Cheng Zi Long , Zhao Zhi Huai , Li Chun Xia
Published: June 2014

In order to correctly rapidly predict the location of the sources of mine water influx, cluster analysis of the chemical characteristics of water is an effective adjunct way. To contrast hydrochemcial indexes of Mine inflow point and the points of water sampling and draw the A.M.Piper’s three line diagram and observe the area where they are, the location of the sources of mine water influx can be distinguished by analyzing the Similarity of the hydrochemcial indexes of Mine inflow point and the points of water sampling. The results show that the result of predicting the location of the sources of mine water influx through the above method shows high accuracy and has great reference value.
Study on the Failure Height of Overlying Strata in Shallow Seam with Thick Bedrock
Authors: Li Shao Gang , Li Hong Jie , Lian Yu Guang , Liu Yi Xin
Published: June 2014

It was very important to obtain the failure height of overlying strata to ensure safety mining under water body and protect surface and underground water resources. Aimed at the failure of overlying strata of 6204 full-mechanized mining in Ordos, the paper proposed a new detection method of the failure height of overlying strata, and verified the accuracy and practicability of this detection method by comparing with the traditional borehole TV observations.
The Log Interpretation Analysis of the Block A in the South of the Fergana Basin
Authors: Li Chao , Zhang Jin Gong , Du Jiang Min , Liu Wen Ying , Liu Qiang Hong , Lin Xiao Yong
Published: June 2014

Fergana Basin, Central Asia's oldest oil and gas exploration area, reached an output of approximately 1.5 million tons per year in 1950s.【1,2】. Even after years of exploration and development, there is still a great resource potential【3】The exploration of block A in the south of the Fergana basin was started in 1930s suspended when the USSR collapsed. It was resumed in 2011 after it was acquired by company Z. There are some problems for the log interpretation such as the lack of related data, the low formation pressure caused by excessive exploration,. These problems cause the decline in terms of similarity between the log interpretation and the testing data. Based on the above issues, this paper studies the analysis of the problems and put forward reasonable proposals to the next step of the work to provide a sound basis for further exploration.
Experimental Research of Acoustic Emission (AE) Testing of Blowout Preventer in the Process of Pressured
Authors: Zhao Jun Ru , Miao Ting Ting , Dai Guan Ga
Published: June 2014

Using acoustic emission (AE) technique, test the blowout preventer (BOP) shell with a crack in the pressing process. Firstly, cut a notch of 100mm long and 5mm wide on a BOP shell and weld partly, then pressurized by pneumatic pumps. Test the BOP shell during the crack propagation by AE. The result showed that the AE technique can reflect the activities of the defects timely and effectively, and the destroy situation of the blowout preventer shell in the process of pressured and the location was accurate.
Influence of Engineering Pressure on Testing String Deformation
Authors: Gao Bao Kui , Qin Xing , Wang Wei
Published: June 2014

During well testing, liquid pressures exerted on testing string change frequently. Actions of downhole tools rely on annular or tubing pressure operation; information collection of the reservoir needs the production control valve switch on and off repeatedly. Pressure variability makes it very difficult to predict testing string safety both in deformation and strength. Although many measures have been taken to forecast pressure and component of the reservoir, exceptions often occur, and one exception is abnormal pressure. Considering technological process, axial deformation, helical buckling and strength of testing string are calculated with abnormal high and low formation pressure. Influence of other parameters is discussed, including string structure, completion fluid density, cushion and downhole tool operation pressures.
Process Simulation and Parameters Optimization of Low Temperature Fractionation of CO2 Capturing from EOR Natural Gas
Authors: Liu Bing Cheng , Zhou De Biao , Dong Wen Feng , Li Qing Ling , Wang Xiao Bao
Published: June 2014

In this paper, the model of low temperature fractionation CO2 capturing process is established with HYSYS to carry out the simulation of the process. According to the simulation results, it is concluded that as the CO2 content in the feed gas raises, the CO2 product purity increases and the cooling energy cost of the system decreases. As the CO2 product purity rises, the cooling energy cost increases more and more rapidly. According to the 91.0% CO2 content feed gas, the optimized fractionation pressure is 3.1MPa and the corresponding liquefaction temperature and condensing temperature is-20°C and-24°C respectively.
Reservoir Simulation Study on Air-Foam Flooding to Enhance Oil Recovery in Waterflooding Sandstone Reservoir
Authors: Yuan Ping
Published: June 2014

In the later waterflooding sandstone reservoir, there are many serious development contradictions, especially in the aspects of water breakthrough and heterogeneous development. Based on the laboratory experiments, numerical simulation research on historical match of the low temperature oxidation kinetics model, the injection mode, foaming agent concentration, gas to liquid ratio, steam injection rate and other key parameters of air-foam flooding were carried out. The results show that, air foam flooding technology integrated comprehensive effect of low-temperature oxidation, air flooding and foam flooding, which enhance oil recovery nearly 8% by block the thief layer effectively and improving the swept volume. Air-foam flooding technology also can reduce the amount of water injection and water production, which improved the utilization rate of water resources and reduced output liquid processing cost. This technology shows its broad prospect of application and can provide reference for similar reservoirs.
Application of OIL-GAS Mixting Trasportation Process in Flat 53-13 well Group
Authors: Wang Ling Yun
Published: June 2014

Through the flat 53-13 well group oil and gas mixed transportation test, the gathering radius increases from 3Km to 5km, to realize the full closed gathering. Reducing electricity consumption, according to the existing problems in the mixed transportation technology are discussed, for intermittent oil and high gas oil ratio well area, a station for reference.
Parameters Optimization of Fractures with One for Injection and Two Others for Production of Horizontal Wells Fracturing on Offshore Oilfields
Authors: Li Zhi Qiang , Hu Yong Quan , Xu Wen Jiang , Zhao Jin Zhou , Liu Jian Zhong , Shan Jin Cheng
Published: June 2014

This article presents a new exploitation method based on the same fractured horizontal well with fractures for injection or production on offshore low permeability oilfields for the purpose of adapting to their practical situations and characteristics, which means fractures close to the toe of horizontal well used for injecting water and fractures near the heel of horizontal well used for producing oil. According to proposed development mode of fracturing, relevant physical model is established, Then reservoir numerical simulation method has been applied to study the effect of arrangement pattern of injection and production fractures, fracture conductivity, fracture length on oil production. Research indicates cumulative oil production is much higher by employing the middle fracture for injecting water compared with using the remote one, suggesting that the middle fracture adopted for injecting water, and hydraulic fracture length and conductivity have been optimized. The proposed development pattern of a staged fracturing for horizontal wells with some fractures applied for injecting water and others for production based on the same horizontal well provides new thoughts for offshore oilfields exploitation.
The Development and Technology Policy for a Gas Cap and Edge Water Reservoir with Narrow Oil Ring
Authors: Wang He Hua , Wu Ling , Feng Ting Ting , Li Yuan Sheng , Yang Jian
Published: June 2014

Reservoir with gas cap, edge water is complex. And the oil-water and oil-gas interface will seriously influence the performance. Once out of control, gas and water invasion may occur, then oil productivity will fall sharply and oil recovery will become low. In addition, the oil penetrating into gas cap would lead to oil loss. So, the controlling methods are crucial. In this paper, we study the productive characteristics of a certain reservoir with gas cap, edge water and narrow oil ring. For the phenomenon several productive wells appeared gas breakthrough and water invasion after putting into production, this paper puts up a strategy shutting in high gas-oil ratio wells and blocking off gas breakthrough layers that proved effective. At the same time, adjusting oil and gas distribution underground by gas-water alternate also be proved practicable.
The Influence of Time and Pump Rate on Stress Interference in Zipper Fracturing
Authors: Li Hai Tao , He Da , Gao Tao , Hu Yong Quan
Published: June 2014

Zipper fracturing is becoming popular as a method that may be used to improve production performance in wells in pad drilling. Fracture network is expected in zipper fracturing, which leads to high production. The time between two consecutive stages of a horizontal well, leak-off coefficient, and pump rate have a great effect on the induced fractures, which leading to a more efficient fracture network. We will focus on the factor of time and pump rate in this paper. For the same leak-off coefficient, firstly, different initial width is calculated in different pump rate, and then with change equation is formulated from Carter’s leak off model. The stress change of different initial fracture width can be illustrated according to this model. The results show that: the bigger pump rate, the bigger initial width, which leads to a slower stress change. There is an inspiration for field zipper fracturing. Longer time between consecutive stages, that mean decrease in stress shadow, is beneficial to complex networks.
Seismic Attributes Prediction of Changling Gas Field, Northeast China
Authors: Yu Xiao Yu , Yuan Yong , Zhang Jin Liang , Wang Yuan Yuan
Published: June 2014

Reservoir plane features of Changling No.1 gas field is analyzed with multiattribute analysis. Through the production of fine synthetic seismograms, the research area is analyzed by seismic attribute. On the basis of the calibration of synthetic seismograms and interpretation of horizon, accurate corresponding relation between the seismic reflection and geological horizon is established. By means of multiple attribute extraction technology, relatively independent attributes related to oil and gas are selected, and afterwards the analysis of the petrophysical characteristics and the optimization of the seismic attribute are achieved. Finally, through the seismic attributes analysis technology and the horizon slice technology, the favorable areas of gas accumulation are predicted.
Research on Mineral Resources Development and Utilization Efficiency of Different Regions
Authors: Du Qin Jun , Wang Zhao Gang
Published: June 2014

Based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach ,use the 11 prefecture-level city in Hebei Province as the research object, selects indicators of the inputs and outputs categories of the mineral resource development and utilization of the year of 2007 , analyzes mineral resources development utilization efficiency of the prefectural-level city in Hebei, including overall efficiency, technical efficiency and scale efficiency. The results show that: the efficiency in the development and utilization of mineral resources throughout the prefecture-level cities in Hebei exists regional differences. On this basis, made recommendations accordingly.
Source Rocks of the Fuyu-Yang Dachengzi Oil-layer in the Chaoyanggou Oilfield, Songliao Basin
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhu Lun Wei , Yi Zhen Lin , Zhu Dong Hui
Published: June 2014

Based on the biomarks parameters, we contrast and analyze the relationship between the crude oil of Fuyu and Yangdachengzi oil beds in Chaoyanggou oilfield and the mudstone source rocks of the 1st Member of Qingshangkou formation in Sanzhao depression. There are two source rocks of crude oil in Fuyu oil bed of Chaoyanggou oilfield. They are the mudstone source rocks of the 1st Member of Qingshangkou formation in Sanzhao depression and in Chaoyanggou oilfield, and the contribution of the two source rocks to Fuyu oil bed are nearly the same. The crude oil of Yangdachengzi oil bed in Chaoyanggou oilfield has close relationship to the mudstone source rocks of the 1st Member of Qingshangkou formation in Sanzhao depression, but the relationship with the mudstone source rocks of the 1st Member of Qingshangkou formation in Chaoyanggou oilfield is not obvious. It conforms to the facts that the lower overpressure of mudstone source rocks in Chaoyanggou oilfield makes the thickness of the oil and gas downward shallowed and the quantity of oil into Yangdachengzi oil bed decreased.
Current Situation and Perspectives of Gas Geology Study in China
Authors: Hou Hai Hai
Published: June 2014

Researchers have been exploring and innovative for more than fifty years from the birth of gas geology. Gas geology as a subject of preventing, controlling and using coal mine gas has its own practical significance. According to published literature, this paper summarizes the current research situation of gas geology in recent years, and some perspectives of the developmental trend of this subject are carried out through the present the main research contents.
Micropropagation of Highly Productive Forms of Diploid and Triploid Aspen
Authors: Zontikov Dmitriy Nikolaevich , Zontikova Svetlana , Sergeev Roman , Shurgin Alex , Sirotina M.
Published: June 2014

The stages of getting the planting material for laying plantations of the triploid aspen (Populustremula L.) are illustrated in this work. The source material selected from the genetic fund “The gigantic aspens” is characterized. The peculiarities of using the method of clonal micropropagation when getting the planting material, the usage of a rootstock as a source of donor explants for the introduction into the culture in vitro, the influence of a kind of nutrient media and growth regulators NAA and BAP on the growth and the development of microsprouts. The distinctions in the speed of the growth of the culture in vitro of diploid and triploid clones have been analyzed. The adaptation of the plants-regenerants to the soil-conditions.
Application of Accurate Ball-Load-Addition Method in Grinding Production of some Tailings
Authors: Huang Kai Qi , Xiao Ce Huan , Wu Qi Ming , He Gui Chun
Published: June 2014

Grinding fitness caused by the failure of the steel ball filling rate, inappropriate steel ball matching, large steel ball size, etc. cannot meet follow-up flotation requirements. In order to optimize the ball grinding process, enhance the single separation degree of minerals and separation index, the steel ball diameter, steel ball matching and required additional balls of the mill are calculated with theoretical of ball radius formula and accurate filling ball method.
Experimental Study on Zinc Leaching of Blast Furnace Gas Ash by Ammonia Leaching
Authors: Wang Jie , Xiong Wei , Zhang Bao Ping
Published: June 2014

Blast furnace gas ash is one of the main solid wastes in iron and steel enterprise. The recovery of zinc from gas ash can result in considerable economic and environmental benefits. The effect of NH3/NH4+, L/S, [NH3]T and leaching time on the zinc leaching rate of blast furnace gas ash by using ammonia leaching process had been investigated in this paper. The results show that L/S and NH3/NH4+ are the main influence factors under the experimental condition. The optimal conditions for leaching process are: NH3/NH4+=2:1, L/S=4:1, [NH3]T =5mol/L, and the leaching time is 3 hours. The zinc leaching rate is 82.84% under the optimized conditions. The lead content in leaching solution is high, so the main task is to improve the removal rate of lead in the purification process.
Decolorization and COD Removal of Saline Brine by Ozonation
Authors: Yi Wen Tao , Yan Chun Yan , Wu Xiao Xia
Published: June 2014

Salt lakes with large reserves of mineral resources are widely distributed in China. In addition to aboundant inorganic substances, there also exist a mass of organic compounds in the brine. It is realized these organic compounds can produce serious negative effects on the process equipment and products quality. In this work, the decolorization and COD removal of the brine by ozonation were investigated in a bubble column reactor. The effects of contact time, ozone-air flow rate, pH and temperature on the decolorization and COD removal were investigated. It was found that the decolorization and COD removal rates increased with increasing ozone-air flow rate and contact time, while increased first and then decreased with increasing temperature and pH. Under the optimal conditions, color removal reached 47.3% and COD was reduced by 42.2%. Thus, ozonation can be used as the pretreatment method for decolorization and COD removal of the brine.
Study on Separation of a Low Magnesium Semi-Weathered Phosphate Ore from Yunnan
Authors: Guo Yong Jie , Du Ling Pan , Zhong Jin , Fang Fu Yue , Chen Ci Yun
Published: June 2014

Weathered phosphate ore is an important part of phosphate ore resources, it contains a huge reserves of weathered phosphate ore resources in Yunnan regions. With the gradual consumption of the rich phosphate ore resources, recycling for weathering phosphate ore is receiving more and more people's attention. In this study, using a low magnesium semi-weathered phosphate ore which from Yunnan Dianchi Lake area as the research object, and based on its ore properties established a experimental program of pre- desliming with cyclone and then flotation. The loss rate of P2O5 under 20% on the desliming operation, then under the condition of ore grade of P2O5 is 21.23% using a positive-reverse flotation process, ultimately obtained a test indicators of phosphate concentrate of P2O5 grade of 28.41% and P2O5 recovery of 87.25%, which is a foundation of development and application of phosphate ore from Tian Ning semi-weathering ore.
Processing on a Hematite-Limonite Ore by HGMS and Gravity Concentration
Authors: Zeng Jian Wu , Chen Lu Zheng , Ding Li
Published: June 2014

A laboratory investigation was carried out to beneficiate a hematite-limonite ore. The ore assays 39.69% Fe and the primary iron minerals in the ore are hematite and limonite, with a relatively high S content of 0.14%. On the basis of the analysis of the ore, a “grinding-HGMS rouging and scavenging-table cleaning” process is proposed to treat the ore; and the results of the process indicates that an iron concentrate assaying 48.06% Fe with 43.02% recovery was achievable from the ore through the process, with low content of Si02 and deleterious elements such as S and P.
Eddy-Current Induced Magnetic Separation of Nonferrous Metals from Solid Wastes
Authors: Zhang Hui Fen , Chen Lu Zheng
Published: June 2014

The increasing demand for nonferrous metals in China made the recycle of metallic values such as copper and aluminum metals from solid wastes a prospective resource for nonferrous metals. Eddy-current induced magnetic separation as a friendly separation method may be effectively applied for the separation of nonferrous metals from solid wastes. In the present investigation, a pilot-scale eddy-current induced magnetic separator and its separation procedure was briefly introduced, and the magnetic force acted upon a metal ring is theoretically calculated; on the basis of the calculation of magnetic force, the effects of two key operational parameters, i.e., conductivity/density ratio of metals and frequency of alternative magnetic field, on the separation performance of the pilot-scale magnetic separator were investigated. The results of investigation indicate that the eddy-current induced magnetic separation is effective for the recycle of nonferrous metals from solid wastes.
Variation in Pore Structure Characteristics with Composition in the High Volatile Bituminous Coal of Binchang Area
Authors: Li Jin Ping , Tang Da Zhen , Yu Ting Xu , Sun Gang
Published: June 2014

Pore structure characteristics and the effect of lithotype and maceral on pore for three types of high-volatile bituminous coals from Binchang area were investigated by combined low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and maceral analysis. The low temperature N2 adsorption/desorption test results show that: micropores are more abundant than transitional pores with high BET surface area; two types of pore structures can be identified by adsorption/desorption isotherms; Pore morphology is mainly represented by well-connected, ink-bottled, cylindrical and parallel plate pores. NMR T2 distributions at full saturated condition are apparent or less obvious trimodal and three types of T2 distributions are identified; Seepage pores are better developed when compared with the middle-high rank coal. Further research found that the three coal lithotypes are featured by remarkably different pore structure characteristics and maceral contents of coal are linearly correlated to some of pore structure parameters.
The Research and Application of Coal-Bed Methane Surface Gathering Process
Authors: Jiang Mei Ting , Lou Yi Shan , Wei Hao Yuan
Published: June 2014

China is rich in coal-bed methane (CMB) resources, and has a vast exploitable volume, but the surface gathering system is not perfect. In order to solve the problems of high degree of difficulty in surface gathering system design and lower economic efficiency caused by the characteristics of CBM gas field geographically remote, more wells, large water production in single well and gas containing pulverized coal etc, we studied the select method of the piping material of CBM, process and the treatment technologies of produced water in F block of the southern Qinshui Basin. Finally, the first phase production can reach 6 × 108m3/a and the central processing plant size is 10 × 108m3/a in the F block. The application of this study not only reduced the capital investment but also met the requirement of good environmental protection. This gathering process design can be applied to other development and construction of CBM gas fields.