bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗ У ДЕТЕЙ В САРАТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ: ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТЬ, МЕТОДЫ ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ФОРМЫ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Александрова Елена Николаевна , Морозова Татьяна Ивановна
Published: January 2020

Изучен показатель заболеваемости детей туберкулезом (в возрасте от 0 до 14 лет), методы выявления и клинические формы туберкулеза в Саратовской области за 2014-2018 гг. За последние пять лет наблюдения заболеваемость детей туберкулезом в среднем составляла 6,4 на 100 000 детского населения, достигнув значений 4,1 на 100 000 населения в 2018 г. Улучшение показателя заболеваемости детей туберкулезом тесно связано с высоким уровнем работы по раннему выявлению туберкулеза в детском возрасте, что подтверждается «активным» выявлением туберкулеза в 84,4% случаев, включая туберкулинодиагностику и постановку Диаскинтеста. Диагностика туберкулеза осуществлялась у 88,5% заболевших при наблюдении в «0» диагностической группе диспансерного учета. У каждого второго ребенка (54,1%) диагноз активного туберкулеза был подтвержден при компьютерном томографическом обследовании органов грудной полости. В структуре клинических форм преобладал туберкулез внутригрудных лимфатических узлов, осложненные формы диагностировались в 15,8% случаев. У каждого третьего заболевшего ребенка в анамнезе был контакт с больным туберкулезом. При этом у источников инфекции множественная и широкая лекарственная устойчивость M. tuberculosis к противотуберкулезным препаратам определялась в 73,7% случаев.
ДЕТИ С ПОВТОРНЫМИ ЭПИЗОДАМИ КРУПА - ГРУППА ВЫСОКОГО РИСКА ПО ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗУ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Салова Александра Леонидовна , Челнокова Ольга Германовна , Мозжухина Лидия Ивановна , Когут Татьяна Александровна
Published: January 2020

Изучена взаимосвязь туберкулезной инфекции и синдрома крупа у детей. При исследовании 304 детей установлено, что первый эпизод крупа в 94-96% случаев совпадал с ранним периодом инфицирования микобактериями туберкулеза (МБТ). Заболеваемость туберкулезом (ТБ) среди детей с повторным крупом достигала 27%. Наблюдение прекращения эпизодов крупа на фоне противотуберкулезной терапии у 82% пациентов подтверждает факт влияния туберкулезной инфекции на развитие и рецидивирующее течение крупа у детей. Исследование позволило установить, что дети с синдромом крупа представляют группу высокого риска по развитию ТБ. В свою очередь, период инфицирования МБТ и активная туберкулезная инфекция при развитии крупа способствует рецидивирующему течению крупа.
Studies on the Productive Traits and Relationship between Breeds of Cattle (Friesian Bunaji Cross, Bunaji and Sokoto Gudali) Using Blood Biochemical Polymorphism
Authors: Umar D. S. Bunjah, , Nwagu B. I. , Umar U. A. , Rufina O. O. , Saleh I.
Published: January 2020

We studied the blood haemoglobin polymorphism and activity in relation to body morphology and milk traits in Nigerian indigenous breeds of cattle. A total of 150 animals, 50 per breed of the Bunaji, Friesian X Bunaji and Gudali were used to study the relationship between breeds. Variables measured were BW: Body weight (Kg); BL: Body Length (Cm); HW: Height at withers (cm); CW: Chest width (cm); HG: Heart Girth (cm); Rumwi: Rump width (cm); TL: Teat Length (cm); RUH: Rear Udder Height (cm); UC: Udder Circumference (cm); TY: Total Yield (Litres); ADY: Average Daily Yield (Litres/day) and LL: Lactation Length (days) and blood protein polymorphism of the Haemoglobin. Observed results showed overall frequencies of 0.62 (HbA) and 0.48 (HbB). Higher frequencies of the A allele (0.52, 0.54 and 0.68) were obtained respectively for the Bunaji, Friesian X Bunaji and Gudali cattle in the Haemoglobin locus. Study of blood protein polymorphism and productivity indicated significant (p<0.05) influence of the haemoglobin. There is a need for a genetic study using other proteins and at DNA level to compliment the results arisen from morphometric differentiation of the two most populous Nigerian breeds of cattle in the NAPRI herd.
Enterotoxigenicity of Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Dry Catfish Sold in Some Open Markets in Zaria - Nigeria
Authors: O. Oko Joseph , Adeshina Gbonjubola O. , Onaolapo Josiah A.
Published: January 2020

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the enterotoxigenic potential of MDR S. aureus isolated from dry catfish sold in some open markets in Zaria, Nigeria.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and Central Laboratory, City Campus of the Usman Danfodio University, Sokoto, Nigeria, from December 2017 to March 2019.

Methodology: We collected five, each of multidrug resistant and susceptible S. aureus isolates from the Pharmaceutical Microbiology Laboratory of the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and confirmed them as S. aureus. Cell concentrates were harvested from 24 hours old Luria and Bertani (LB) pure broth culture of S. aureus isolates by centrifugation at 4°C, 8000 rpm (6800 × g) in a micro-centrifuge for two minutes at room temperature. We used ZymoBIOMICS™ DNA Miniprep Kits to extract the genomic DNA from the harvested cells. We used PCR to amplify the 16S RNA, mecA and the enterotoxin genes after an external optimization of the reaction to ensure a better amplification. Finally, we used exactly two percent agarose gel to resolve the PCR genomic DNA fragments with their primers.

Results: The results of the PCR and gel electrophoresis indicated that all the ten (10) strains of S. aureus tested for 16S rDNA gene where positive for the gene whereas only two strains (20%) out of the ten (10) were positive for mecA gene. Among the ten (10) strains of S. aureus, tested, four (40%) strains were positive for two or more staphylococcal enterotoxin genes. All but one phenotypic multidrug resistant isolates carried genes for enterotoxins whereas, phenotypically drug susceptible isolates showed no band for enterotoxins.

Conclusion: This study showed that enterotoxin genes were common amongst the antibiotics resistant strains, which indicated a possibility of a relationship between antibiotics resistance and enterotoxogenicity.
Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Populations of Soil of Bagale Forest Reserve, Girei Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: O. Ateh G. , G. Saka M. , E. Dishan E. , B. Meer B.
Published: January 2020

This study evaluated the relationship between selected physicochemical properties and microbial populations of the soil of Bagale Forest Reserve, Girei Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Five plots of 20 x 20 m were laid. Soil samples were collected from five different positions at two soil depths of 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm. The soil samples were isolated in the laboratory for microbial populations and determination of physical and chemical properties. The results obtained revealed that fungal population (7.65 x 105 cfu/ml) was the highest at the soil depth of 0-15 cm, representing 39% of the total microbial populations in the sampled soil of the study area. The results further revealed that the population (6.84 x 105 cfu/ml) of the bacteria had a positive effect on soils of the study area in terms of nitrogen fixation by Rhizobacterial spp. Chemical properties of the soil samples revealed that the available phosphorus exhibited the highest percentage (61.7%) at 0-15 cm soil depth. Analyses of soil physical properties recorded the highest percentage (49.0%) of sand at 0-15 cm soil depth. A similar percentage (50.0%) of sand was exhibited at the depth of 15-30 cm. These percentages accounted for the high porosity (29.0%) of the soil observed at the two soil levels in the study area and could be improved through the application of lime fertilizers. Application of appropriate fertilizers like NPK to improve the soil condition of the study area is highly recommended.
Artificial Tear Drops Influence on High Order Aberrations in Healthy Eye Subjects
Authors: Chraibi Fouad , Khodriss Chaimae , Bennis Ahmed , Abdellaoui Meriem , Andaloussi Benatiya Idriss
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To gain more insight into tear film from a functional standpoint, we investigate artificial tear eye drops effect by assessing its influence on high order aberration in healthy eye subjects using a Shack-Hartmann aberrometer.

Methods: An observational case-control study into which 20 young healthy participants were involved. High order aberrations were measured using Shack-Hartmann technology before; 1 hour and 3 hours after instillation of a 0.3% sodium hyaluronate eye drop.

Main measured outcomes were root mean square of high order aberrations in central 5 mm (HOA 5) and in central 6 mm (HOA 6), spherical aberration, vertical coma, horizontal coma, vertical trefoil, horizontal trefoil.

Results: The HOA 5 mean value was 0.21µ before the instillation of artificial tear eye drops and 0.185µ one hour after instillation with a significant statistical difference (p=0.01) and 0.186µ three hours after instillation with no significant statistical difference (p=0.057). No significant statistical difference was found for HOA 6 before and after tear eye drops application.

Vertical coma was the only subset of high order aberrations that was significantly improved from 0.042µ to -0.003µ one hour after tear eye drops application (p=0.04). There was no statistical difference for all the other measurements.

Conclusions: Some high order aberrations could arise from the tear film even in a healthy patient. Vertical coma could be used as a tool to point to the integrity of tear film. For wavefront-guided refractive surgery candidates, high order aberrations should be assessed 1 hour after artificial tear drop instillation.
Enhancing student-pharmacists' professional development through community outreach with dementia population
Authors: Mosley Brianne , Kroustos Kelly Reilly , Sobota Kristen Finley , Brooks Rebecca
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Misinterpreted or minimized sensations related to progressive neuronal loss are predictive of the prominent behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) observed in dementia. Guidelines recommend nonpharmacologic interventions via sensory engagement be included in the standard of patient care. To facilitate implementation, collaboration with health care students equipped with nonpharmacologic strategies to manage BPSD should be encouraged. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of outreach participation on student-pharmacists' comfort levels and perceived communication ability when interacting with patients with dementia.

Methods

During the sensory stimulation outreach, pharmacy students were paired with a patient with dementia to encourage fidget blanket use through patient-specific directions and demonstration. A single-group, pretest-posttest design was utilized to assess changes in students' comfort level and perceived communication ability prior to and immediately following outreach participation.

Results

Twenty-six students attended between 1 and 5 outreaches. Students reported a statistically significant increase in comfort level while interacting with patients with dementia after attending their first (n = 26, Z = 2.754, P = .006), second (n = 16, Z = 2.124, P = .034), and third outreach (n = 12, Z = 2.449, P = .014). Students' weighted composite communication scores showed a statistically significant increase after their first (n = 26, Z = 3.309, P = .001) and third outreach experiences (n = 12, Z = 2.375, P = .018).

Discussion

Participation in this sensory stimulation outreach improved students' comfort level and ability to communicate while interacting with patients with dementia. Greater exposure to the population through continued outreach participation was associated with a further increase in comfort level and perceived communication ability.
Implementation and evaluation of depression screening in patients with recently diagnosed coronary artery disease
Authors: Mailloux Lindsay M. , Haas Matthew T. , Kennedy Steven P. , DeJongh Beth M.
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) are at an increased risk for depression. Additionally, comorbid depression in patients with CAD is associated with increased mortality and worse cardiac outcomes. Screening this patient population for depression is recommended but is not routinely done in practice. The purpose of this quality improvement initiative was to implement a protocol to screen patients with CAD for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Primary objectives were to determine the frequency of positive depression screens and the frequency of acceptance of mental health (MH) service referral.

Methods

Patients with CAD were screened for depression using the PHQ-9 during a hospital admission to the inpatient cardiology unit at the Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center. All patients were rescreened for depression at 4 and 8 weeks after discharge. Patients with positive screens for depression were offered referral for MH services, and reasons for decline were documented.

Results

Of the 36 patients screened for depression, 14 (39%) screened positive for depression, including 10 patients at baseline (28%), 3 additional patients (8%) at week 4 after discharge, and 1 additional patient (3%) at week 8 after discharge. Of the 14 patients who screened positive for depression, 3 patients (21%) accepted MH service referral. The most commonly reported reason for declining referral was no perceived benefit.

Discussion

The results of this initiative support the utility of using the PHQ-9 for depression screening in patients with recently diagnosed CAD and offering MH service referral for treatment of comorbid depression.
Laminated Perovskite Photovoltaics: Enabling Novel Layer Combinations and Device Architectures
Authors: Schmager Raphael , Roger Julie , Schwenzer Jonas A. , Schackmar Fabian , Abzieher Tobias , Malekshahi Byranvand Mahdi , Abdollahi Nejand Bahram , Worgull Matthias , Richards Bryce S. , Paetzold Ulrich W.
Published: January 2020

High‐efficiency perovskite‐based solar cells can be fabricated via either solution‐processing or vacuum‐based thin‐film deposition. However, both approaches limit the choice of materials and the accessible device architectures, due to solvent incompatibilities or possible layer damage by vacuum techniques. To overcome these limitations, the lamination of two independently processed half‐stacks of the perovskite solar cell is presented in this work. By laminating the two half‐stacks at an elevated temperature (≈90 °C) and pressure (≈50 MPa), the polycrystalline perovskite thin‐film recrystallizes and the perovskite/charge transport layer (CTL) interface forms an intimate electrical contact. The laminated perovskite solar cells with tin oxide and nickel oxide as CTLs exhibit power conversion efficiencies of up to 14.6%. Moreover, they demonstrate long‐term and high‐temperature stability at temperatures of up to 80 °C. This freedom of design is expected to access both novel device architectures and pairs of CTLs that remain usually inaccessible.
Breathable and Flexible Polymer Membranes with Mechanoresponsive Electric Resistance
Authors: Gao Qiang , Kopera Bernd A. F. , Zhu Jian , Liao Xiaojian , Gao Chao , Retsch Markus , Agarwal Seema , Greiner Andreas
Published: January 2020

Flexible low‐resistance membranes play an important role in soft electronics as sensors for robotics, body movement monitoring, nanogenerators to collect kinetic energy from body movements, and flexible batteries. Despite great efforts, low‐resistance, mechanically stable large‐dimensional membranes that tolerate very high deformability without sacrificing resistance produce low joule heating and allow passage of gases for human comfort are still being sought. Here, one of the solutions is provided by sandwiching a network of silver nanowires (AgNWs) between two highly porous electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) membranes. The membranes are mechanically robust (both for bending and stretching) with a strong interface and large strain before breakage (more than 700%). The sheet resistance is as low as <0.1 (±0.01) Ω sq−1, and changed to only 1.6 (±0.43) Ω sq−1 upon stretching to 100% strain. The combination of polymer elasticity and the AgNW network structure provides a reversible change in resistance beyond 100% strain. A detailed thermographic analysis is employed to in situ image and characterize the AgNW network morphology during various stretched conditions. It is believed that this flexible, sandwich‐like, electrically conductive membrane is a good candidate for smart wearable devices and soft robots.
Assembly of Molecular Building Blocks into Integrated Complex Functional Molecular Systems: Structuring Matter Made to Order
Authors: Hassan Zahid , Matt Yannick , Begum Salma , Tsotsalas Manuel , Bräse Stefan
Published: January 2020

Function‐inspired design of molecular building blocks for their assembly into complex systems has been an objective in engineering nanostructures and materials modulation at nanoscale. This article summarizes recent research and inspiring progress in the design/synthesis of various custom‐made chiral, switchable, and highly responsive molecular building blocks for the construction of diverse covalent/noncovalent assemblies with tailored topologies, properties, and functions. Illustrating the judicious selection of building blocks, orthogonal functionalities, and innate physical/chemical properties that bring diversity and complex functions once reticulated into materials, special focus is given to their assembly into porous crystalline networks such as metal/covalent–organic frameworks (MOFs/COFs), surface‐mounted frameworks (SURMOFs), metal–organic cages/rings (MOCs), cross‐linked polymer gels, porous organic polymers (POPs), and related architectures that find diverse applications in life science and various other functional materials. Smart and stimuli‐responsive or dynamic building blocks, once embedded into materials, can be remotely modulated by external stimuli (light, electrons, chemicals, or mechanical forces) for controlling the structure and properties, thus being applicable for dynamic photochemical and mechanochemical control in constructing new forms of matter made to order. Then, an overview of current challenges, limitations, as well as future research directions and opportunities in this field, are discussed.
Engineering of the Electron Transport Layer/Perovskite Interface in Solar Cells Designed on TiO2 Rutile Nanorods
Authors: Shahvaranfard Fahimeh , Altomare Marco , Hou Yi , Hejazi Seyedsina , Meng Wei , Osuagwu Benedict , Li Ning , Brabec Christoph J. , Schmuki Patrik
Published: January 2020

The engineering of the electron transport layer (ETL)/light absorber interface is explored in perovskite solar cells. Single‐crystalline TiO2 nanorod (NR) arrays are used as ETL and methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) as light absorber. A dual ETL surface modification is investigated, namely by a TiCl4 treatment combined with a subsequent PC61BM monolayer deposition, and the effects on the device photovoltaic performance were evaluated with respect to single modifications. Under optimized conditions, for the combined treatment synergistic effects are observed that lead to remarkable enhancements in cell efficiency, from 14.2% to 19.5%, and to suppression of hysteresis. The devices show JSC, VOC, and fill factor as high as 23.2 mA cm−2, 1.1 V, and 77%, respectively. These results are ascribed to a more efficient charge transfer across the ETL/perovskite interface, which originates from the passivation of defects and trap states at the ETL surface. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest cell performance ever reported for TiO2 NR‐based solar cells fabricated with conventional MAPI light absorber. Perspective wise, this ETL surface functionalization approach combined with more recently developed and better performing light absorbers, such as mixed cation/anion hybrid perovskite materials, is expected to provide further performance enhancements.
N/O Dual‐Doped Environment‐Friendly Hard Carbon as Advanced Anode for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cui Rong Chao , Xu Bo , Dong Hou Ji , Yang Chun Cheng , Jiang Qing
Published: January 2020

Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are considered as promising candidates for lithium‐ion batteries due to the abundant reserve and lower cost of K resources. However, K+ exhibits a larger radius than that of Li+, which may impede the intercalation of K+ into the electrode, thus resulting in poor cycling stability of PIBs. Here, an N/O dual‐doped hard carbon (NOHC) is constructed by carbonizing the renewable piths of sorghum stalks. As a PIB anode, NOHC presents a high reversible capacity (304.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles) and superior cycling stability (189.5 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 5000 cycles). The impressive electrochemical performances can be ascribed to the super‐stable porous structure, expanded interlayer space, and N/O dual‐doping. More importantly, the NOHC can be prepared in large scale in a concise way, showing great potential for commercialization applications. This work may impel the development of low‐cost and sustainable carbon‐based materials for PIBs and other advanced energy storage devices.
Generative Deep Neural Networks for Inverse Materials Design Using Backpropagation and Active Learning
Authors: Chen Chun‐Teh , Gu Grace X.
Published: January 2020

In recent years, machine learning (ML) techniques are seen to be promising tools to discover and design novel materials. However, the lack of robust inverse design approaches to identify promising candidate materials without exploring the entire design space causes a fundamental bottleneck. A general‐purpose inverse design approach is presented using generative inverse design networks. This ML‐based inverse design approach uses backpropagation to calculate the analytical gradients of an objective function with respect to design variables. This inverse design approach is capable of overcoming local minima traps by using backpropagation to provide rapid calculations of gradient information and running millions of optimizations with different initial values. Furthermore, an active learning strategy is adopted in the inverse design approach to improve the performance of candidate materials and reduce the amount of training data needed to do so. Compared to passive learning, the active learning strategy is capable of generating better designs and reducing the amount of training data by at least an order‐of‐magnitude in the case study on composite materials. The inverse design approach is compared with conventional gradient‐based topology optimization and gradient‐free genetic algorithms and the pros and cons of each method are discussed when applied to materials discovery and design problems.
Carbon‐Dot‐Induced Acceleration of Light‐Driven Micromotors with Inherent Fluorescence
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Wu Huiying , Liu Xiaoya , Liang Qiying , Bi Zijun , Wang Zicheng , Cai Yuepeng , Dong Renfeng
Published: January 2020

Real‐time visualization of the positions of micro/nanomotors is highly desired for practical applications due to the complex environments that they are used in. However, most reported photocatalytic micromotors can only be tracked in transparent solutions under bright fields, which greatly limits their applications. Herein, photocatalytic micromotors based on Cu2O@carbon dot (CDot) particles with excellent fluorescent properties and precise propulsion capabilities in 3D are reported. In the fully green environment of malic acid, the Cu2O@CDot micromotors display efficient propulsion under visible light irradiation (as high as 40.85 μm s−1). In addition, the propulsion direction of the Cu2O@CDot micromotors can be effectively adjusted by changing the direction of light via positive phototaxis. Interestingly, due to the presence of CDots, these new Cu2O@CDot micromotors display excellent and stable fluorescence. This study reports the first photocatalytic micromotors with both novel fluorescence properties and excellent propulsion characteristics in biocompatible environments. Due to their excellent fluorescent properties and precise motion control, these Cu2O@CDot micromotors hold great potential to perform complex tasks across diverse practical applications.
Recent Progress in Optical‐Resonance‐Assisted Movement Control of Nanomotors
Authors: Zheng Jiapeng , Lam Shiu Hei , Huang He , Shao Lei
Published: January 2020

Light exerts force or torque on objects through the momentum or angular momentum exchange between photons and the objects. For absorbing structures, light also induces a thermal gradient that can be used to power the object movement. The light‐driven mechanism, with the advantages of wireless, versatile modulation, and excellent spatial and temporal resolution, is very attractive and triggers various studies on micro‐ and nanomotors controlled by light. However, when the size of the motor becomes smaller and reaches the nanoscale, their interaction with light decreases and therefore it is very challenging to overcome the random Brownian motions. Optically resonant nanomotors can break such limitations. Alternatively, one can use optically resonant structures that significantly confine the light energy to control the movements of nanoobjects. Herein, the recent research on state‐of‐the‐art light resonant nanomotors, which includes both optically resonant nanomotors and nanomotors controlled by optically resonant nanostructures, is discussed. Their driving mechanisms, movement control, limitations, and possible improvements are introduced in detail. The exploration of the light resonant nanomotors in various applications is also introduced. Finally, an outlook on the future development of light resonant nanomotors is provided.
Shaping and Locomotion of Soft Robots Using Filament Actuators Made from Liquid Crystal Elastomer–Carbon Nanotube Composites
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Gao Yuchong , Wang Haihuan , Poling-Skutvik Ryan , Osuji Chinedum O. , Yang Shu
Published: January 2020

Soft robots, with their agile locomotion and responsiveness to environment, have attracted great interest in recent years. Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), known for their reversible and anisotropic deformation, are promising candidates as embedded intelligent actuators in soft robots. So far, most studies on LCEs have focused on achieving complex deformation in thin films over centimeter‐scale areas with relatively small specific energy densities. Herein, using an extrusion process, meter‐long LCE composite filaments that are responsive to both infrared light and electrical fields are fabricated. In the composite filaments, a small quantity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is incorporated to facilitate the alignment of liquid crystal molecules along the long axis of the filament. Up to 2 wt% carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is introduced into a LCE matrix without aggregation, which in turn greatly improves the mechanical property of filaments and their actuation speed, where the Young's modulus along the long axis reaches 40 MPa, the electrothermal response time is within 10 s. The maximum work capacity is 38 J kg−1 with 2 wt% CNT loading. Finally, shape transformation and locomotion in several soft robotics systems achieved by the dual‐responsive LCE/CNT composite filament actuators are demonstrated.
Optimizing Patient Selection for Endovascular Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke (SELECT): A Prospective, Multicenter Cohort Study of Imaging Selection
Authors: Sarraj Amrou , Hassan Ameer E. , Grotta James , Sitton Clark , Cutter Gary , Cai Chunyan , Chen Peng R. , Imam Bita , Pujara Deep , Arora Ashish , Reddy Sujan , Parsha Kaushik , Riascos Roy F. , Vora Nirav , Abraham Michael , Edgell Randall , Hellinger Frank , Haussen Diogo C. , Blackburn Spiros , Kamal Haris , Barreto Andrew D. , Martin‐Schild Sheryl , Lansberg Maarten , Gupta Rishi , Savitz Sean , Albers Gregory W.
Published: January 2020

Objective

The primary imaging modalities used to select patients for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) are noncontrast computed tomography (CT) and CT perfusion (CTP). However, their relative utility is uncertain. We prospectively assessed CT and CTP concordance/discordance and correlated the imaging profiles on both with EVT treatment decisions and clinical outcomes.

Methods

A phase 2, multicenter, prospective cohort study of large‐vessel occlusions presented up to 24 hours from last known well was conducted. Patients received a unified prespecified imaging evaluation (CT, CT angiography, and CTP with Rapid Processing of Perfusion and Diffusion software mismatch determination). The treatment decision, EVT versus medical management, was nonrandomized and at the treating physicians’ discretion. An independent, blinded, neuroimaging core laboratory adjudicated favorable profiles based on predefined criteria (CT:Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score ≥ 6, CTP:regional cerebral blood flow (<30%) < 70ml with mismatch ratio ≥ 1.2 and mismatch volume ≥ 10ml).

Results

Of 4,722 patients screened from January 2016 to February 2018, 361 patients were included. Two hundred eighty‐five (79%) received EVT, of whom 87.0% had favorable CTs, 91% favorable CTPs, 81% both favorable profiles, 16% discordant, and 3% both unfavorable. Favorable profiles on the 2 modalities correlated similarly with 90‐day functional independence rates (favorable CT = 56% vs favorable CTP = 57%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.40–9.01, p = 0.41). Having a favorable profile on both modalities significantly increased the odds of receiving thrombectomy as compared to discordant profiles (aOR = 3.97, 95% CI = 1.97–8.01, p < 0.001). Fifty‐eight percent of the patients with favorable profiles on both modalities achieved functional independence as compared to 38% in discordant profiles and 0% when both were unfavorable (p < 0.001 for trend). In favorable CT/unfavorable CTP profiles, EVT was associated with high symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) (24%) and mortality (53%) rates.

Interpretation

Patients with favorable imaging profiles on both modalities had higher odds of receiving EVT and high functional independence rates. Patients with discordant profiles achieved reasonable functional independence rates, but those with an unfavorable CTP had higher adverse outcomes. Ann Neurol 2020;87:419–433
Biomimetic Networks with Enhanced Photodynamic Antimicrobial Activity from Conjugated Polythiophene/Polyisocyanide Hybrid Hydrogels
Authors: Yuan Hongbo , Zhan Yong , Rowan Alan E. , Xing Chengfen , Kouwer Paul H. J.
Published: January 2020

Hybrid biomimetic hydrogels with enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐generation efficiency under 600 nm light show high antibacterial activity. The hybrid gels are composed of helical tri(ethylene glycol)‐functionalized polyisocyanides (PICs) and a conformation‐sensitive conjugated polythiophene, poly(3‐(3′‐N,N,N‐triethylammonium‐1′‐propyloxy)‐4‐methyl‐2,5‐thiophene chloride) (PMNT). The PIC polymer serves as a scaffold to trap and align the PMNT backbone into a highly ordered conformation, resulting in redshifted, new sharp bands in the absorption and fluorescence spectra. Similar to PIC, the hybrid closely mimics the mechanical properties of biological gels, such as collagen and fibrin, including the strain stiffening properties at low stresses. Moreover, the PMNT/PIC hybrids show much higher ROS production efficiency under red light than PMNT only, leading to an efficient photodynamic antimicrobial effect towards various pathogenic bacteria.
Fabrication of Self‐Oscillating Micelles with a Built‐In Oxidizing Agent
Authors: Yoshizawa Toshiki , Onoda Michika , Ueki Takeshi , Tamate Ryota , Akimoto Aya Mizutani , Yoshida Ryo
Published: January 2020

Various biological behaviors are fueled by “respiration”, which is an example of catabolism. So far, we have reported various self‐oscillating soft materials exhibiting bioinspired dynamic movements. These autonomous polymer systems are driven by the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, which is analogous to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle that is an integral part of respiration. However, in the BZ reaction, the external addition of an oxidizing agent is necessary to initiate the oxidation process, which is realized by intracellular moieties such as ubiquinone in living systems. Herein, we realized self‐oscillating micelles that are driven without the external addition of an oxidizing agent. This was achieved by embedding the oxidizing source into the structure of the self‐oscillating AB diblock copolymers. This strategy introduces a new function equivalent to intracellular oxidizing moieties, and is useful for the design of completely autonomous bioinspired materials.
Collective Breathing in an Eightfold Interpenetrated Metal–Organic Framework: From Mechanistic Understanding towards Threshold Sensing Architectures
Authors: Roztocki Kornel , Formalik Filip , Krawczuk Anna , Senkovska Irena , Kuchta Bogdan , Kaskel Stefan , Matoga Dariusz
Published: January 2020

Functional materials that respond to chemical or physical stimuli through reversible structural transformations are highly desirable for the integration into devices. Now, a new stable and flexible eightfold interpenetrated three‐dimensional (3D) metal–organic framework (MOF) is reported, [Zn(oba)(pip)]n (JUK‐8) based on 4,4′‐oxybis(benzenedicarboxylate) (oba) and 4‐pyridyl functionalized benzene‐1,3‐dicarbohydrazide (pip) linkers, featuring distinct switchability in response to guest molecules (H2O and CO2) or temperature. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD), combined with density functional theory (DFT) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations, reveal a unique breathing mechanism involving collective motions of eight mixed‐linker diamondoid subnetworks with only minor displacements between them. The pronounced stepwise volume change of JUK‐8 during water adsorption is used to construct an electron conducting composite film for resistive humidity sensing.
Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Homopropargyl Amines by Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling of Imines, 1,3‐Enynes, and Diborons
Authors: Manna Srimanta , Dherbassy Quentin , Perry Gregory J. P. , Procter David J.
Published: January 2020

An efficient, enantio‐ and diastereoselective, copper‐catalyzed coupling of imines, 1,3‐enynes, and diborons is reported. The process shows broad substrate scope and delivers complex, chiral homopropargyl amines; useful building blocks on the way to biologically‐relevant compounds. In particular, functionalized homopropargyl amines bearing up to three contiguous stereocenters can be prepared in a single step.
Funktionelle Inhibition der krebsrelevanten Interaktion von Survivin und Histon H3 mit einem Guanidiniumcarbonylpyrrol‐Liganden
Authors: Vallet Cecilia , Aschmann Dennis , Beuck Christine , Killa Matthias , Meiners Annika , Mertel Marcel , Ehlers Martin , Bayer Peter , Schmuck Carsten , Giese Michael , Knauer Shirley K.
Published: January 2020

Das Protein Survivin ist bei den meisten Krebsarten überexprimiert und gilt als einer der Hauptakteure der Krebsentstehung. Wir haben einen supramolekularen Ansatz genutzt, um Survivin als Wirkstoff‐Ziel zu adressieren, indem wir die Protein‐Protein‐Interaktion von Survivin und seinem funktionell relevanten Bindungspartner Histon H3 inhibieren. Ligand L1 basiert auf dem Guanidiniumcarbonylpyrrol‐Kation und dient als hochspezifischer Anionenbinder. Durch NMR‐Titrationen konnte die Bindung von L1 an die Histon H3‐Bindungsstelle von Survivin bestätigt werden. Die Hemmung der Survivin‐Histon‐H3‐Interaktion und folglich eine Verringerung der Proliferation von Krebszellen wurde durch mikroskopische und zelluläre Assays nachgewiesen.
Lösemittel‐induzierter Halbleiter‐Metall‐Übergang: Planare [Bi1−]‐Zickzack‐Ketten im metallischen KBi⋅NH3 im Vergleich zu [Bi1−]‐Helices im halbleitenden KBi
Authors: Mayer Kerstin , Dums Jasmin V. , Benda Christian B. , Klein Wilhelm , Fässler Thomas F.
Published: January 2020

Das polymere Anion
[Bi]− in KBi⋅NH3 (1) besteht aus planaren Zickzack‐Ketten mit zweifach verknüpften Bi‐Atomen und zeigt metallische Eigenschaften, im Gegensatz dazu besitzt die bekannte Verbindung KBi helikale Ketten aus Bi‐Atomen und ist halbleitend. Die Isomerisierung der Bi‐Atom‐Kette wird durch ein zusätzliches Lösemittelmolekül hervorgerufen. In dieser neuartigen Schichtstruktur sind ungeladene
[KBi]‐Schichten durch eingelagerte NH3‐Moleküle getrennt. Wir interpretieren diese Schichten als Strukturausschnitt des iso(valenz)elektronisch CaSi, dessen metallische Eigenschaften von der Planarität der Si‐Zickzack‐Ketten stammen. Quantenchemische Rechnungen unterstützen diese Sichtweise, da sie ein anisotropes metallisches Verhalten entlang der Bi‐Kette aufzeigen. Eine Delokalisierung von Elektronen wird auch in dem neuen ringförmigen Anion [Bi6]4− beobachtet, das in der Verbindung K2[K([18]Krone‐6)]2[Bi6]⋅9 NH3 (2) vorliegt. Zweifach verknüpfte Bi‐Atome bilden einen Sechsring mit Sesselkonformation. Obwohl [Bi6]4− eine lokalisierte Doppelbindung besitzen sollte, wird eine Elektronendelokalisierung analog zu den leichteren homologen [P6]4− und [As6]4− beobachtet. Beide Verbindungen wurden durch Einkristall‐Röntgenstrukturanalyse charakterisiert.
Cyclophane‐Type Chlorin Dimers from Dynamic Covalent Chemistry of 2,18‐Porphyrinyl Dicyanomethyl Diradicals
Authors: Adinarayana B. , Kato Kenichi , Shimizu Daiki , Tanaka Takayuki , Furukawa Ko , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: January 2020

2,18‐Bis(dicyanomethyl)‐substituted NiII porphyrin 8 and ZnII porphyrin 11 were prepared and subjected to oxidation with PbO2 in CH2Cl2 at 298 K to give cyclophane‐type chlorin dimers (9)2 and (12)2 as a consequence of double recombination of biradicals 9 and 12, respectively. Dimer (9)2 takes a syn‐conformation of two distorted NiII chlorins but (12)2 takes an anti‐conformation of relatively planar ZnII chlorins. At 298 K, dimer (9)2 is stable and its 1H NMR spectrum is sharp but becomes broad at high temperature, while the 1H NMR spectrum of (12)2 is considerably broad even at 298 K but becomes sharper at low temperature. These results indicate that the chlorin dimers dissociate to radical species, but the activation barrier of the dissociation of (12)2 is much less than that of (9)2. The involvement of diradicals in dynamic covalent chemistry has been suggested by thermal scrambling of hetero dimer (16)2 to give homo dimers (9)2 and (15)2.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective Hydroboration of Allenes
Authors: Li Can , Yang Zheng , Wang Lei , Guo Yinlong , Huang Zheng , Ma Shengming
Published: January 2020

An efficient pincer‐ligand‐based cobalt‐complex‐catalyzed allene hydroboration affording Z‐allylic boronates is described. The reaction demonstrates an excellent regio‐ as well as Z‐stereoselectivity and a wide substrate scope that tolerates many functional groups. Based on solvent‐assisted electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (SAESI‐MS) studies, a rationale for the cobalt‐catalyzed hydroboration involving the highly selective insertion of an allene into the Co−H bond to form Z‐allylic cobalt intermediates is proposed.
Solvate‐Induced Semiconductor to Metal Transition: Flat [Bi1−] Zigzag Chains in Metallic KBi⋅NH3 versus [Bi1−] Helices in Semiconducting KBi
Authors: Mayer Kerstin , Dums Jasmin V. , Benda Christian B. , Klein Wilhelm , Fässler Thomas F.
Published: January 2020

Polymeric
[Bi]− in KBi⋅NH3 has planar zigzag chains with two‐connected Bi atoms and metallic properties, whereas KBi, which has helical chains of Bi atoms, is semiconducting. The isomerization of the Bi chain is induced by solvate molecules. In the novel layered solvate structure uncharged
[KBi] layers are separated by intercalated NH3 molecules. These layers are a structural excerpt of the iso(valence)electronic CaSi, whose metallic properties arise from the planarity of the zigzag chain of Si atoms. Computational studies support this view, they show an anisotropic metallic behavior along the Bi chain. Electron delocalization is also found in the new cyclic anion [Bi6]4− isolated in K2[K(18‐crown‐6)]2[Bi6]⋅9 NH3. Although [Bi6]4− should exhibit one localized double bond, electron delocalization is observed in analogy to the lighter homologues [P6]4− and [As6]4−. Both compounds were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray structure determination.
UiO‐66 microcrystals catalyzed direct arylation of enol acetates and heteroarenes with aryl diazonium salts in water
Authors: Sun Zhong‐Hua , Chen Wang , Qian Bing‐Bing , Wang Liang , Yu Binxun , Chen Qun , He Ming‐Yang , Zhang Zhi‐Hui
Published: January 2020

UiO‐66 is a classic Metal–organic framework (MOF) that constructed by zirconium cations and terephthalate with high chemical and thermal stability. Using pristine UiO‐66 nanocrystals as the catalysts, the carbon–carbon bond formation based on denitrogenative substitution of aryl diazonium salts has been achieved under mild condition. The C–H arylation of both enol acetates and heteroarenes could be performed in aqueous medium without other metal assistance. The UiO‐66 catalyst shows good water stability and reusability as well as impressive functional group tolerance.
Experiences and lessons learned as a Chair of anatomy—An 18‐year journey
Authors: Bertram John F.
Published: January 2020

In 1998, I was appointed Chair of the Department of Anatomy at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia. On commencing as Chair, I had three main goals: (a) to maintain and extend the high quality of anatomy teaching in the medical program; (b) to introduce significantly more developmental biology, cell biology, and neuroscience into our existing Bachelor of Science major in human anatomy; and (c) to establish an active research program in the department. Over the next 18 years, I worked with staff and students at all levels of the university to turn this vision into a reality, with the Monash Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology now arguably the top ranked anatomy department in Australia. During my tenure, countless challenges were faced and while some errors were made, and a good number of goals were never realized the general outcome was a vibrant scholarly environment where that rich nexus of research and teaching was realized. This personal account provides some insights into that 18‐year journey, which I hope may prove useful for current and future Chairs of anatomy. For me personally, it was definitely a journey worth taking.
Nonlinear model order reduction with low rank tensor approximation
Authors: Yang Junman , Jiang Yao‐Lin , Xu Kang‐Li
Published: January 2020

In this article, two methods of model order reduction based on the low rank approximation of tensor are introduced for the large scale nonlinear problem. We first introduce some definitions and results on tensor extended from matrix theory. Then we show how the general nonlinear system can be converted into the low rank form we treated in this research. We put the model order reduction of it in two frameworks, that is, polynomial framework and moment‐matching framework. In these two frameworks we construct the algorithms correspondingly, and analyze properties of these algorithms, including the preservation of stability, and moment‐matching properties. Next the priorities of these algorithms are presented. Finally we setup several numerical experiments to validate the effectiveness of the algorithms.
Infinite time linear quadratic stackelberg game problem for unknown stochastic discrete‐time systems via adaptive dynamic programming approach
Authors: Liu Xikui , Liu Ruirui , Li Yan
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we propose an adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) approach to solve the infinite horizon linear quadratic (LQ) Stackelberg game problem for unknown stochastic discrete‐time systems with multiple decision makers. Firstly, the stochastic LQ Stackelberg game problem is converted into the deterministic problem by system transformation. Next, a value iteration ADP approach is put forword and the convergence is given. Thirdly, in order to implement the iterative method, back propagation neural network (BPNN) is chosen to design model network, critic network and action network to approximate the unknown systems, objective functions and Stackelberg strategies. Finally, simulation results show that the algorithm is effective.
Transport model calculations of deuteron production in relativistic hadron and heavy‐ion collisions
Authors: Bleicher Marcus , Hillmann Paula , Reichert Tom , Steinheimer Jan , Sombun Sukanya , Herold Christoph , Limphirat Ayut , Yan Yupeng
Published: January 2020

The production of deuterons and heavy clusters such as triton and helium (or even hypertriton) has gained increased attention during the last years. This attention was mainly stimulated by the recent hypertriton data and has led to the question of whether cluster production is driven by coalescence of its constituents or by thermal emission of the cluster itself. Here, we explore the cluster production by coalescence using the Ultra‐relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics model and a phase–space coalescence model. We explore deuteron production over a wide range of reactions and energies from GeV to TeV. Overall, we observe that coalescence leads to an excellent description of the deuteron yields and momentum distributions.
Pion mass modification in a weak magnetic field
Authors: Ayala Alejandro , Farias Ricardo Luciano Sonego , Hernández‐Ortiz Saul , Hernández Luis Alberto , Manreza‐Paret Daryel , Zamora Renato
Published: January 2020

We use the linear sigma model coupled to quarks with an explicit symmetry breaking term, to compute the one‐loop magnetic modification of the neutral pion mass, in the weak field approximation. The self‐energy, the effective, and the meson self‐coupling are computed at one‐loop order. We obtain a decreasing behavior for the neutral pion mass as the magnetic field increases. This result is in good agreement both with other effective models and lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) results.
Novel surface plasmon resonance biosensor that uses full‐length Det7 phage tail protein for rapid and selective detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Hyeon Seok Hywan , Lim Woon Ki , Shin Hae Ja
Published: January 2020

We report a novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor that uses the full‐length Det7 phage tail protein (Det7T) to rapidly and selectively detect Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). Det7T, which was obtained using recombinant protein expression and purification in Escherichia coli, demonstrated a size of ∼75 kDa upon SDS‐PAGE and was homotrimeric in its native structure. Microagglutination and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) data revealed that the protein specifically bound to the host, S. Typhimurium, but not to nonhost E. coli K‐12 cells. The observed protein agglutination occurred over a concentration range of 0.8–24.6 µg/mL. The Det7T proteins were immobilized on gold‐coated surfaces using amine‐coupling to generate a novel Det7T‐functionalized SPR biosensor, wherein the specific binding of these proteins with bacteria was detected by SPR. We observed rapid detection of (∼20 Min) and typical binding kinetics with S. Typhimurium in the range of 5 × 104–5 × 107 CFU/mL, but not with E. coli at any tested concentration, indicating that the sensor exhibited recognition specificity. Similar binding was observed with 10% apple juice spiked with S. Typhimurium, suggesting that this strategy provides promise for the rapid, real‐time, and selective monitoring of target microorganisms in the environment, and thus has great potential for supporting health by enabling early disease prevention.