bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of microalloyed elements and ion nitriding on fatigue properties of ultra‐low carbon steel sheets
Authors: Salleh Tuan Suhaimi , Nishida Shin‐ichi , Hattori Nobusuke
Published: January 2025

Ultra‐low carbons steels (ULCS) also known as interstitial free steels are widely used especially for automobile plates because of their excellent deep‐draw ability and low deformation resistance has been studied. The influence of alloy elements and nitriding on fatigue properties of ultra‐low carbon steel have been investigated using four types of specimens with same chemical composition (mass %) i.e. un‐nitrided specimens and nitrided specimens. For un‐nitrided specimens, fatigue strength at 1×107 cycles of material added with Niobium element is greater compared to the material added with titanium element, due to the effect of niobium on the grain refinement as Nb has an outstanding status retarding recrystallization during austenite processing via thermomechanical rolling [Niobium information, 17/98, CBMM/NPC, 1998]. The fatigue strength of nitrided specimens is generally higher than that of un‐nitrided specimens which is related to the hardness distribution of the specimens, the maximum hardness is recorded at the surface and decreased gradually toward the center of the specimen. Accordingly, the fatigue limit and strength of the nitrided specimens are determined by internal properties of the materials due to the influence of nitriding processes to the hardness properties at the surface as well as internal layer.
Effect of indenter size on critical conditions for contact damage in planar and non‐planar bi‐layers
Authors: Qasim Tarek , Ford Chris , Bush Mark , Hu Xiao‐Zhi
Published: January 2025

Hertzian contact damage is studied in porcelain coatings (thickness range 250 μm to 1 mm) over a Ni–Cr alloy substrate, and glass coatings (thickness range 160 μm to 1 mm) on polycarbonate polymer substrates. Both planar and non‐planar geometries are considered, subjected to indentation by spherical indenters of various sizes (radius range 2 mm to 8 mm). Finite element analysis is carried out to evaluate the stress distribution in the bilayer structure. Three failure modes are examined: Cone cracking at the top surface of the coating, interface cracking at the coating/substrate interface and plastic deformation below the contact area in the substrate. It is concluded that indenter size, coating thickness, modulus mismatch and specimen radius all require consideration in the prediction of failure in brittle coating bilayer structures. Generally, critical loads increase with indenter size for both planar and non‐planar geometries on stiff substrates, however this effect diminishes for softer (polymeric) substrates. This applies to both planar and non‐planar geometries. In systems with stiff (Ni–Cr alloy) substrates, varying the specimen radius rs has no effect on cone crack critical loads, but increasing rs promotes increased critical loads for radial cracking and substrate yielding.
Effects of tensile pre-strain on torsional fatigue properties of aging processed carbon steels
Authors: Zhou Congling , Nishida Shin-ichi , Hattori Nobusuke , Sun Wenxian
Published: January 2025

This study focused on the effects of tensile pre-strain on the torsional fatigue properties of four kinds of structural carbon steels (JIS S15C to S45C). The specimens were tensile pre-strained and aging processed before the torsional fatigue test. The fatigue properties investigated in this study included fatigue strength, crack initiation and propagation behaviors, surface hardness and characteristics of non-propagating crack behaviors. The results indicate that the torsional fatigue strength are improved after tensile pre-strain, the fatigue limits increase with the increasing of pre-strain ratio; tensile pre-strain does not affect the fatigue crack initiation and branch points, the cracks initiate in the weak part of the ferrite grains from the torsional slip lines in the surface and branch at the boundaries of grains, irrespective of ferrite or pearlite grains; for S25C, non-propagating crack is observed on the pre-strained specimens and the length becomes shorter with the increasing of tensile pre-strain ratio.
Estimation of tensile strength and optimum welding condition for SUS304 stainless steel friction welded joint using neural networks
Authors: Yasutomi Masanori , Ogawa Koichi , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Kawai Gosaku , Yamamoto Yoshiaki , Kurozawa Toshiro
Published: January 2025

A computer aided evaluation system that can be used to discriminate the joint performance (joint strength) of SUS304 stainless steel friction welded joints is proposed. The data used for analyze are four input factors of the friction welding conditions, two shape parameters of the upset burr created during the welding process and the total burn-off quantity. The input factors are set before welding, and after welding the parameter of burr shape and the burn-off quantity are measured by using a vernier caliper. The learning of the synapse weights of the neural network is performed using the extended Kalman filtering algorithm. The results of experiments and the analysis of the joint performance of stainless steel joints suggest that the proposed method is superior to a trial and error and other conventional statistical methods. More, it is suggested a method which can be obtained the optimum welding conditions based on the tensile strength estimated.
Snap-back instability in micro-structured composites and its connection with superplasticity
Authors: Carpinteri Alberto , Paggi Marco , Zavarise Giorgio
Published: January 2025

Instability phenomena occurring in the microstructure of micro-structured composites are numerically investigated. To this aim, an interface constitutive law is proposed to describe both decohesion and contact at bi-material interfaces. These formulations are implemented in the FE code FEAP. Then, by applying dimensional analysis, the nondimensional parameters governing the macroscopic response of the composite are identified. According to this model, transverse debonding with respect to the fiber direction is simulated and the transition from snap-back instability in case of coarse fiber diameters, to a stable mechanical response for finer reinforcements is quantified. These results provide a possible quantitative explanation to the role played by the size of the reinforcement on the instability phenomena experimentally observed during superplastic deformation.
Microstructural and statistical evaluation of interfacial zone percolation in concrete
Authors: Nemati Kamran M. , Gardoni Paolo
Published: January 2025

In freshly compacted concrete, water films form around aggregate particles, which results in a higher water/cement ratio closer to the aggregate than away from it. The interface between cement paste and aggregate, known as interfacial transition zone (ITZ), has a significantly higher porosity than bulk cement paste. This higher porosity in ITZ affects the transport properties of concrete. The Wood's metal technique was used to intrude molten metal alloy into voids and fractures in concrete which was then solidified to preserve the microstructure. The penetration of this alloy into concrete samples indicates that the porosity in the interfacial zone is permeated preferentially to the bulk paste. This technique also indicates the width of the interfacial zone in which the porosity is interconnected. The results of this experimental study were evaluated in a probabilistic sense and subject to statistical considerations. In particular, the results and interpretations of this study properly account for the aleatory and epistemic uncertainties inherent in the data.
Long-term creep design data for forged 1Cr–1Mo–0.25V steel
Authors: Wilshire B. , Burt H.
Published: January 2025

By analysing the shapes of short-term constant-stress creep curves, the θ methodology predicts the long-term creep and creep rupture values expected for oxidation-free conditions at 723 to 923 K, avoiding the underestimation of performance caused by testpiece oxidation during prolonged exposure in air at 823 K and above. The θ relationships also allow rationalization of multi-batch creep data sets for the 1Cr–1Mo–0.25V rotor steel, through new procedures which replace the empirical terms in traditional parametric methods with measurable properties, such as the 0.2% proof stress at the creep temperature.
Analysis of stress corrosion cracking process of austenitic stainless steel SUS304 in 30%MgCl2 aqueous solution by electrochemical noise method
Authors: Miyazawa M. , Ebara R. , Ohtsu T.
Published: January 2025

Electrochemical noise was measured during SCC tests in order to apply an electrochemical noise method to monitor stress corrosion cracking of SUS304 steel made component in actual chemical plants. SCC tests were conducted for sensitized SUS304 steel specimen in 30 wt% MgCl2 aqueous solution at 353 K by use of SSRT testing apparatus. Commercial SUS304 steel was used for current counter electrode and comparative potential electrode in an electrochemical noise measurement (ENM) system. It was observed that at low stress range corrosion pits initiated and propagated on specimen surface. Then crack initiated from corrosion pit and propagated to final failure. When pit initiates, electric potential of the specimen increased. When crack propagates from corrosion pit electric potential reached to a level over 0 mV. It was also observed that current value increased in crack propagation process. It can be predicted to calculate crack initiation time from the relationship between stress and ENM data. It can be concluded that stress corrosion cracking process can be monitored by use of ENM system.
Fracture mechanics and complexity sciences – Part II. Complex behaviour emerging from simple nonlinear rules: Catastrophes and chaos
Authors: Carpinteri Alberto , Puzzi Simone
Published: January 2025

The so-called Complexity Sciences are a topic of fast growing interest inside the scientific community. Aim of this paper is to provide an insight into the role of complexity in the field of Materials Science and Fracture Mechanics. The paper is divided into two parts, which deal with the two opposite natural trends of composite systems: order and structure emerging from large, complicated systems and the route towards randomness and chaos arising from simple nonlinear rules. The former trend has been illustrated in the companion paper (Part I); on the other hand, this part will focus on the latter trend. The first example concerns the snap-back instabilities in the structural behaviour of composite structures, which are illustrated in the framework of Catastrophe Theory; the second application deals with the transition towards chaos in the dynamics of cracked beams.
Contact damage of curved zirconia/epoxy bi-layers
Authors: Mukmin Irwan , Qasim Tarek , Hu Xiao Zhi
Published: January 2025

Contact damage of a curved bi-layer system, consisting of a brittle zirconia coating (Y-TZP) on a compliant polymeric substrate from indentation by a hard tungsten carbide sphere is investigated. The specimens are loaded axially at their top surface. The failure evolution and critical loads to initiate radial cracking in curved zirconia/epoxy bi-layer specimens are compared to those of flat bi-layers with the same thickness. The onset of fracture is observed in situ using a video camera. Finite element modelling is used to evaluate the stress distribution in the zirconia coating, and to confirm experimental data. It is demonstrated that in all specimens, cone cracking occurs prior to radial cracking, with the latter being defined as the primary mode of failure. Increasing the curvature has little effect on the critical load to initiate radial cracking, but causes unstable crack propagation towards the extremities of the specimen resulting in catastrophic failure. The results of this study provide useful guidelines from the data trends, and for extending the system to tri-layers.
Effect of embrittlement on creep crack growth rate for W-added 12Cr ferritic heat resistant steel concerning multi-axial stress and aging
Authors: Sugiura R. , Yokobori A.T. , Arai M. , Tabuchi M. , Fuji A.
Published: January 2025

When materials are used as component of a structure, the multi-axial stress field may be caused due to the locality of stress field in component structures such as plastic constraint, which is related to the structural brittleness. Furthermore, it has been observed that cracking is induced by the deterioration of the material microstructure, which is related to the aging effect. From the point of practical use, it is important to consider the characterizations of the creep crack growth rate and its life under these conditions to predict the life of creep crack growth. In the present paper, the effects of multi-axial stress and aging on the law of predicting the life of creep crack growth were investigated. High temperature creep crack growth tests were conducted using mimic  time sequential deteriorated CT specimens ranging from 7000 to 10,000 hr by conducting various equivalent heat treatments. These results were compared with those of the effect of multi-axial stress on creep crack growth rate and its life. For the effect of multi-axial stress (Structural brittleness), not only the numerical values of the activation energy and the exponent of stress but also the algebraic form of equation for creep crack growth life were found to be strongly influenced by the effect of multi-axial stress (Structural brittleness). For the effect of aging, on the other hand, the equation of the law of creep crack growth life was found to take the same algebraic form between an aged material and an as-received material.
Quasi-static dislocation model around a crack tip with moving dislocations and the analysis of its stress concentration
Authors: Yokobori A.T. , Joichi I. , Iwadate T.
Published: January 2025

With regard to fracture under dynamic load, an interaction model in the form of a fracture model of a crack and an inverse pile-up of dynamic dislocation groups at the tip of a dislocation-free zone was proposed. It was analyzed based on a coexisting model of static equilibrium and dynamic distribution of dislocation arrays. From these analyses, the following results were obtained. The stress concentration at a crack tip is reduced by the shielding effect of dislocation groups emitted from a stressed source near the crack tip. On the other hand, the stress concentration at the tip of the dislocation-free zone, due to the inverse pile-up of dislocation groups ahead of the crack tip, is induced by the effective stress distribution in a dislocation array which is a result of the dynamic dislocation distribution. Therefore, at the tip of the dislocation-free zone which exists ahead of the crack, stress singularity can be found, and the stress intensity factor can be defined. This result shows a theoretical foundation for the experimental result of the existence of a fracture trigger point under dynamic load.
Upaya Menumbuhkan Jiwa Entrepreneurship melalui Kegiatan Market Day bagi Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun
Published: January 2025

Anak Usia dini merupakan kesempatan emas bagi anak untuk belajar, sehingga disebut usia emas (golden age). Pada usia ini, anak memiliki kemampuan untuk belajar yang luar biasa. Kegiatan market day merupakan salah satu upaya untuk membangun dan menumbuhkan jiwa entrepreneurship atau kewirausahaan pada diri anak-anak sejak dini. Di dalam kegiatan market day, anak memperoleh proses pembelajaran secara langsung.  Anak-anak melaksanakan "Learning by Doing" atau belajar dengan cara melakukan langsung. Dengan demikian mereka akan langsung bisa merasakan atau mengalami seluruh proses yang dibutuhkan dalam kegiatan entrepreneurship.
Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Keirausahaan, Market Day, Anak Usia Dini
Meningkatkan Kompetensi Profesionalisme Guru di Abad 21 Melalui Pelatihan Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris
Authors: Widyaningrum Winda , Sondari Endang , Mulyati Mulyati
Published: January 2025

Di era milenial sekarang ini, banyak harapan dan tuntutan kepada guru. Hal ini dapat dimaklumi karena guru memiliki peran tidak hanya sebagai penyampai ilmu melainkan juga berperan sebagai motor penggerak dan fasilitator (learning facilitator) dalam kegiatan belajar-mengajar. Guru sebagai pengembang dan penerus peradaban harus menanamkan nilai (value) dan membangun karakter (character building) peserta didik secara berkelanjutan dan berkesinambungan. Sebagai motor penggerak jalannya pembelajaran di sekolah dengan tetap berpedoman dengan UU dan sistem pendidikan yang berlaku. Guru harus memiliki kemampuan literasi mengenai penggunaan IT yang memadai sekaligus memiliki kemampuan mengendalikan penggunaannya secara bijak dan kolegial kepada peserta didik. Dalam kaitan dengan hal tersebut, guru diharapkan memiliki ilmu pengetahuan yang banyak dan luas sebagai upaya untuk memudahkan penyampaian dalam proses belajar mengajar di dalam kelas maupun di luar kelas. Di samping itu, guru diharapkan bukan hanya memiliki ilmu pengetahuan yang banyak akan tetapi mengetahui pula kebutuhan, masalah dan kemampuan yang dimiliki peserta didik.
 
Kata kunci: peran guru, kompetensi, profesionalisme
Upaya Peningkatan Keterampilan Motorik Halus Anak Usia Dini Di Pekon Negeri Ratu 2 Pesisir Barat Melalui Lukisan Teknik Kolase
Authors: Handayana Sri , Zuhairi Zuhairi , Hakim Nasrul
Published: January 2025

Abstrak
Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan motorik halus anak anak usia dini di Pekon Negri Ratu 2 Kabupaten Pesisir Barat. Pengabdian ini menggunakan metode Participatory Action Research (PAR) yang dilaksanakan secara partisipatif anak-anak usia dini dalam kegiatan membuat karya lukisan dengan teknik kolase dan memanfaatkan sumberdaya yang ada di lingkungan tempat tinggal mereka. Peserta pengabdian ini adalah anak-anak usia dini yang berasal dari Pekon Negri Ratu 2 berjumlah 20 anak. Anak-anak dilatih untuk menggunting, mewarnai, menggambar, menempel, dan menyusun objek menjadi lukisan yang indah. Hasil pengabdian ini menunjukkan motivasi yang baik dari peserta dan meningkatnya keterampilan motorik halus yang ditunjukkan dengan hasil karya lukisan teknik kolase yang baik dan indah.
 
Kata Kunci : Motorik Halus, Teknik Kolase.
Pembinaan Keterampilan Berbahasa Inggris Melalui Media Lagu Bagi Anak -Anak Usia Dini di TPA Al-Iman
Authors: Septiyana Linda
Published: January 2025

ABSTRAK
Pelaksanaan Pengabdian Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk melatih keterampilan berbahasa Inggris anak-anak di TPA Al-Iman. Media yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah media lagu yang berhubungan dengan materi kosakata Bahasa Inggris. Peserta pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu anak-anak yang ada di TPA AL-Iman Totokaton Punggur. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meningkatnya keterampilan berbahasa Inggris dan pembelajaran yang lebih mudah dipahami dan menyenangkan bagi anak-anak di TPA Al-Iman.
 
Kata Kunci: Keterampilan Bahasa Inggris, Lagu, Media, Anak Usia Dini,
PELATIHAN IMPLEMENTASI PELAKSANAAN BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK DENGAN PENDEKATAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DAN PENYUSUNAN PELAPORANNYA PADA GURU BK DI SMA N 10 KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Yusra Affan , Rasimin Rasimin
Published: January 2025

Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan peningkatan skill untuk guru bimbingan dan konseling sehingga kemampuan dapat ditingkatkan. Adapun sasaran dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini guru bimbingan dan konseling SMAN 10 Kota Jambi pelatihan ini terdiri dai dua sesi dengan jabaran sebagai berikut: 1) Didalam pengabdian ini dibentuk sesuai rancangan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan guru bimbingan dan konseling kami mengadakan workshop sederhana diruagan bimbinan dan konseling, 2) Metode FGD yang digunakan dalam pembinaan dalam workshop ini  merupakan focus untuk meningkatkan skill yang dimiliki oleh guru bimbingan dan konseling yang berada di SMAN 10 Kota Jambi. Dalam hal ini FGD yang dilakukan untuk memberikan keleluasaan bagi guru bimbingan dan konseling untuk bertanya dan mempraktek. Hasil dari pelatihan ini guru bimbigan dan konseling memperoleh pengetahuan yang baru mengenai perluasan ilmu lam bimbingan kelompok hal ini ditunjukan dengan antusias dalam mengikuti pelaksaana. Hasil dari kegiatan PPM ini juga terlihat dalam praktek dan FGDnya guru sangat tertarik dengan metode ini karena dalam metode ini tidak hanya menekankan pada pembentukan dinamika kelompoknamun juga menekankan pada pemikiran kritis anggota kelompok sehingga dalam pelaksanaanya peserta layanannya memperoleh kemampuan berfikir kritis.
METRO CLEAN UP: UPAYA MAHASISWA TADRIS BIOLOGI DALAM PELESTARIAN DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI UNTUK MENJAGA LINGKUNGAN HIDUP BERKELAJUTAN
Authors: Syaferi Akhmad , Efendy Niko , Latifah Afifatul , Aprilia Anggi , Salimah Salimah , Turrahmah Lathifah , Aulia Sindi , Carolina Hifni Septina
Published: January 2025

Kegiatan Metro Clean Up merupakan kegiatan pengabdian yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa Tadris Biologi IAIN Metro untuk memperingati Hari Bersih-bersih Sedunia. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Way Batanghari Kota Metro. DAS merupakan suatu megasistem kompleks yang meliputi sistem fisik, sistem biologis, dan sistem manusia yang saling berinteraksi dan berhubungan membentuk satu kesatuan ekosistem. DAS diklasifikasikan menjadi daerah hulu dan hilir. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk membersihkan bantaran sungai dari sampah plastik dan mengembalikan fungsi sungai sebagaimana mestinya, karena sungai sebagai sumber air dan irigasi masyarakat yang tinggal disekitar sungai. Dengan upaya untuk mengedukasi masyarakat mengenai pelestarian lingkungan dan meningkatkan antusiasme akan kesadaran lingkungan.
Children with recurrent respiratory infections: state of the art
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zaplatnikov A.L. , Girina A.A. ,   Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russian Federation, Burtseva E.I. ,   N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Lepiseva I.V. ,   N.I. Grigovich Children's Republican Hospital, Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation, Svintsitskaya V.I. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, Leshik M.V. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

We analyzed the literature data, and the paper presents our own study data on clarification of causes and initiating agents of pediatric recurrent
respiratory infections (RRIs). The paper critically evaluates a conventional generalized approach to identify a group of "frequently ill children"
and recommendations for their health improvement which are persistent on a practical level. It is emphasized that the term "frequently ill
children" can disguise various abnormal conditions (i. e., allergic respiratory diseases and immunodeficiency et al.). In this regard, special
attention has been given to timely clarification of causes of hypersusceptibility to infections in children. It is noted that positive perinatal and
family RRI history, early socialization without appropriate preparation for initial visiting an arranged group, as well as improper feeding and
daily routine, vaccination schedule delay, and unfavorable epidemiological and social conditions are the main risk factors for RRIs in children
without serious health disorders. The paper evaluates tolerability, as well as preventive and therapeutic efficacy of bacterial lysates in children
with RRIs. The reported study results demonstrate high safety and positive clinical, immunological and preventive efficiency of a polyvalent
mechanical bacterial lysate in children with RRIs, recurrent and chronic respiratory diseases.
KEYWORDS: immunoprophylaxis, acute respiratory infections, polyvalent mechanical bacterial lysate, recurrent respiratory infections,
frequently ill children.
FOR CITATION: Zaplatnikov A.L., Girina A.A., Burtseva E.I., Lepiseva I.V., Svintsitskaya V.I., Leshik M.V. Children with recurrent respiratory infections:
state of the art. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2024;7(4):334–341 (in Russ.).DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2024-7-4-7
Die USA am Vorabend einer neuen Ära
Authors: Mayer Margit
Published: January 2025

Ausgehend von einer Nachwahlanalyse, in der die Wählerwanderungen seit den 1990er-Jahren in ihrem historischen Kontext erklärt und das Resultat der sich zunehmend angleichenden beiden Parteien identifiziert werden, fokussiert der Text auf die (Verschiebung der) Ideologien und Interessen alter und neuer machtvoller Kapitalgruppen. Insbesondere die in sich widersprüchliche Trump-Koalition ist für das Verständnis der künftigen Politik der Trump-Regierung relevant, weshalb die Positionen der die Koalition tragenden Gruppen (MAGA-Basis und führende Vertreter diverser Wirtschaftssektoren) in den Feldern Migration/Abschiebungen, Handelspolitik, Haushaltsdefizit und Staatsumbau beleuchtet werden.
Simultaneous Wasting and Stunting (WaSt), Wasting and Anaemia (WaAn), and Wasting, Stunting, and Anaemia (WaStAn) Among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Karamoja, Uganda
Authors: Mokori Alex , Kirimi Nicholas , Ndungutse Amos H , Fusheini Zakaria , Ssenyondo Muzafaru
Published: January 2025

Child malnutrition remains a significant public health concern in Karamoja, Uganda. This study investigated the prevalence and determinants of simultaneous wasting, stunting, and anaemia (collectively termed WaStAn) among children aged 6-59 months in Karamoja. Secondary data from the Food Security and Nutrition Assessment (FSNA) collected by the World Food Program, UNICEF, and the Uganda Bureau of Statistics in February 2022 were used. The participants included women aged 15-49 years and children aged 0-59 months living with their mothers. The analysis revealed a high prevalence of wasting (13.0%), stunting (41.4%), and anaemia (55.1%), with younger children (12-23 months) disproportionately affected. A worrying 4.6% of children presented with WaStAn, highlighting the need for comprehensive approaches targeting multiple forms of undernutrition. Factors associated with WaStAn included age, sex (males more affected), geographical location, socioeconomic status, maternal education, food consumption score (wasting), and residence type (stunting). The study underscores the urgency for multisectoral interventions addressing these risk factors across various levels. Recommendations include improved screening and treatment, promotion of optimal feeding practices, micronutrient supplementation, deworming, hygiene improvements, women's empowerment, enhanced food security, and strengthened district-level capacity for nutrition management.
Simulated peripheral vein catheterization skill. A fresh placental model may be a good model in low resource settings. Is it as good as the "gold standard"?
Authors: Guasch E. , de Santiago B. , Brogly N. , Gutierrez-Misis A. , de las Heras A. , Gilsanz F.
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Nowadays, practical learning is an important part of Medicine degree, and even more in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To teach some regular techniques, such as peripheral vein catheterization (PVC), simulation models are being used. They create safer realistic scenarios for students to practice and feeling safer. There are several different techniques and models for teaching this performance, to learn several techniques. The aim of this study is to validate a new placenta simulation model for peripheral vein canalization learning.
Methods: We designed an observational study on ten sixth-grade medicine students who performed ten procedures in placentas plus ten other procedures in mannequins, the gold standard simulation model. During the catheterization technique or activity, successful and failed punctures with each model were registered and this data was used to elaborate learning curves with the Cummulative sum (CUSUM) method.
Results: Placental model proved to be as useful as mannequins for learning the technique. Most of the students acquired the competence in PVC, with a rate of success of at least an 80%, after ten procedures. Also, satisfaction surveys were handed over for students to evaluate their learning process. Most of them expressed to have learnt better with placental model and found simulation use very positive for medical students training.
Discussion: The new placenta model was at least as good as the standard. 10 attempts of PVC were enough to learn the skill in most students with any of both models. Placenta availability is cheap and can be used wherever deliveries may take place.
Cardiovascular pathology associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Alonso Formento J.E. , Alonso Envid I. , Estabén Boldova V. , Pueyo Morer M.J. , de Azúa Jiménez M. , Garcés San José C.
Published: January 2025

Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze cardiovascular pathology in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) compared to the general population, evaluating their mortality in hospital emergency departments and the relationship with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment.
Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted in patients over 14 years of age who visited emergency departments between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2023. A total of 3,327,022 visits from 1,195,307 patients were analyzed, with 14,882 patients previously diagnosed with OSAS. Their demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics were compared to those of the general population. Cardiovascular disease diagnoses, emergency revisits, and mortality were examined.
Results: 1.2% of patients had a prior diagnosis of OSAS, with 73.5% being male and an average age of 68 years. Forty-four percent of OSAS patients were receiving CPAP treatment. A higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, arrhythmias, strokes, ischemic heart disease, and thromboembolism was observed in this group. OSAS patients had higher mortality rates in emergency departments, especially from cardiovascular causes. CPAP treatment reduced emergency revisits due to cardiovascular diseases, although it did not prevent an increase in mortality.
Conclusions: Patients with OSAS have a higher burden of cardiovascular diseases and an increased risk of mortality, especially from cardiovascular causes, compared to the general population. CPAP treatment may reduce emergency revisits for heart failure, arrhythmias, and ischemic heart disease, but is associated with higher mortality, indicating that OSAS patients are more severe and at greater risk due to the severity of their condition.
Orthogeriatrics, a perspective from geriatrics
Authors: Ribera Casado J.M.
Published: January 2025

The aim of this paper is to offer information about the state of the art around the ortogeriatric units´ way of work, with the focus firstly oriented on hip fracture. We present a short historical review with special reference to the Spanish situation, including expansion, guides, protocols and registers. The review includes a selection of recent publications with information about the most important global results on the subject, as well as several papers analyzing some specific and singular points. Taking into account all the above, we can conclude that it is a very relevant geriatric problem, with high levels of incidence and prevalence, and with a strong impact on the functional state of the patient. Results show that Ortogeriatric Units are an excellent option in order to functional improvement and quality of life in these sort of patients.
Serendipity and medicine: its history, foundations and future: towards an artificial serendipity
Authors: Maojo V. , Pazos J.
Published: January 2025

Serendipity, classically considered as “the discovery of things not sought”, has had a decisive importance in the human sciences and technologies, and particularly in medicine. This article reviews multiple serendipitous discoveries made in biomedical sciences, beyond the classic example of penicillin and Fleming, and describes the various types of serendipity already known. Beyond this review, the models of logical reasoning used in scientific research are analyzed, and how they could justify the mental processes that can lead to serendipitous discoveries. In this context, a prospective vision of the role of serendipity in the current context of the impact of Artificial Intelligence on science and technology is proposed, and the basic foundations of what could be labelled as “Artificial Serendipity”. In this sense, the “hallucinations” -errors- that appear in the responses made by generative AI could be a future basis for these future artificial serendipities.
Supply and Demand of Rice in Indonesia: A Critical Review
Authors:   Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Herliana Sri , Ratnaningtyas Sudrajati ,   Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Aina Qorri ,   Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Zuraida Umi ,   Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Sutardi Acip ,   Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Qorina Syifaya ,   Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB)
Published: January 2025

The demand and supply of rice as a staple food is a crucial factor in the food supply chain and food security in Indonesia. Indonesia still faces a deficit in domestic rice supply, which leads the government to adopt import policies to fill this shortage. Therefore, there is a need to understand the dynamics of rice supply and demand, as the interaction between the two is complex, to address food security concerns. This research aims to critically assess the dynamics of rice supply and demand in Indonesia, highlighting the key challenges and opportunities to improve food security. Using a critical review methodology, the study analyzes and critiques recent linear studies, literature, government policies, and statistical data to highlight their strengths, weaknesses, and challenges, providing a comprehensive understanding of the rice production supply and demand. The conclusion of this research is that a holistic approach is needed to achieve food security. The findings suggest that Indonesia must implement a comprehensive approach, incorporating environmental, political, and socioeconomic factors in food security. Future research should explore the role of climate resilience and global trade dynamics in shaping Indonesia’s rice sector. This comprehensive perspective can help decision-makers create a more sustainable food system.
The Competitiveness of MSMEs in the Tourism Sector: The Role of Social Capital and Innovation
Authors:   Manado State University, Kawulur Arie Frits , Sumual Tinneke E. M. ,   Manado State University, Wuryaningrat Nikolas F. ,   Manado State University
Published: January 2025

Competitiveness among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is a critical issue for various stakeholders across industries, yet the tourism sector has received limited attention, particularly concerning the roles of social capital and innovation. This study seeks to explore the relationship between social capital, innovation, and their collective impact on enhancing the competitiveness of MSMEs in Indonesia’s super-priority tourism areas. Using the survey method and purposive sampling of 40 MSMEs in the tourism sector in Likupang, North Sulawesi, the findings demonstrate that dimensions of social capital—namely trust, networks, and norms—along with innovation, significantly contribute to improving MSME competitiveness. Notably, networks are found to play a central role in fostering innovation within tourism MSMEs, enhancing both their capacity for collaboration and ability to adapt to market changes. The research underscores the importance of cultivating social capital and promoting innovation as essential strategies for boosting MSME performance. These insights provide valuable guidance for policymakers seeking to create a more sustainable and competitive business environment, with a specific focus on strengthening social capital and innovation in the tourism sector.
Next-Generation Retail Integration: A Technical Blueprint for Digital Transformation
Authors: Sai Kiran Mannava
Published: January 2025

This comprehensive technical article analysis explores the transformative landscape of retail integration technologies and their pivotal role in shaping the future of commerce. The article examines core integration technologies, including cloud platforms, AI implementations, IoT infrastructure, and blockchain applications, highlighting their collective impact on retail operations. The article presents a holistic view of modern retail technology implementation through a detailed examination of omnichannel integration architecture, data management frameworks, and security protocols. The article investigates the critical aspects of implementation roadmaps, including technical requirements assessment, platform selection criteria, and change management strategies. This article provides valuable insights for organizations navigating the complex landscape of retail technology integration by analyzing current trends, challenges, and opportunities in retail digital transformation. The article emphasizes the importance of a balanced approach between innovation and operational stability while considering the crucial aspects of data security, privacy, and performance optimization in the evolving retail ecosystem.
Biology Teachers - Educators of Basic Resuscitation Procedures in Schools
Authors: Bulić Mila , Meštrović Julije , Brdar Ivan , Ćatipović Tatjana , Milas Helena , Jelaska Igor
Published: January 2025

The aim was to examine the effectiveness of the education of elementary school students, conducted by teachers trained by physicians, in learning and applying basic resuscitation procedures (cardiopulmonary resuscitation, CPR) and the retention of the aforementioned knowledge and skills after one month. The research was conducted during one school year in Split-Dalmatia County, Republic of Croatia. Physicians trained biology teachers to implement CPR education in elementary schools, and the teachers then conducted systematic education of students according to the same program. The teacher and student education program included a lecture, video simulation and practical CPR exercises on first aid puppets. The initial knowledge and initial practical skills of the students were examined before the education and then after the education. Retention of knowledge and skills was checked after one month. The results show that after the two-hour course, teachers feel competent and successfully implement structured CPR education for students. Elementary school students do not have basic knowledge or practical CPR skills at the beginning. After education lasting two school hours, they show statistically significantly better results in CPR theoretical knowledge and practical skills. They also retain the acquired knowledge and skills after a period of one month. The model in which medicine doctors teach biology teachers, and they later teach CPR their students, has proven to be successful, and it is important to continue implementing it in schools so that students are health literate and can act adequately in an emergency situation.
Razlike kontaktne i online nastave biologije
Authors: Radanović Ines
Published: January 2025

Istraživanje stavova o nastavi biologije provedeno je u jesen 2021. godine u online obliku, pri čemu je većina tvrdnji bila kontekstualno uparena u okviru kontaktne i online nastave za mišljenje učenika i učitelja, dok su roditelji odgovarali o online nastavi koju su mogli pratiti. Odgovori učenika su većinom ujednačeno srednje pozitivni za oba načina izvedbe nastave. Učitelji uz kontaktnu nastavu imaju visoko pozitivne odgovore u skladu sa smjernicama kvalitetne nastave biologije, a podudaraju se s odgovorima učenika za online nastavu. Roditelji većinom imaju dobro mišljenje o nastavi biologije u online obliku. Iskazi učenika i učitelja ukazuju na značajne razlike između osobnog doživljaja kontaktnog i online poučavanja i učenja, istraživačkog učenja, motivacije i aktivnosti. Između sudionika su uočene značajne razlike u procjeni izvedbe poučavanja i učenja, što je sve usko vezano uz obilježja pojedinog učitelja. Na osnovu rezultata predložen je modularni trostupanjski sustav stručnog usavršavanja uz mentorsku mrežu podrške, koji bi značajno pomogao u primjeni hibridnog poučavanja i učenja, ali i uspješnijoj implementaciji kvalitetne nastave biologije.
Vanučionički izvori stresa nastavnika biologije i kemije
Authors: Ruić Funčić Renata
Published: January 2025

Rad prikazuje rezultate empirijskog istraživanja koliko su određene situacije u nastavi stresne za nastavnike i kemije i biologije u osnovnim i srednjim školama. U članku su prikazani stavovi nastavnika o izvorima stresa: pritisak roditelja, vrednovanje rada od strane prosvjetnog savjetnika, pritisak ravnatelja i prosvjetnih službenika, vrednovanje rada od strane NCVVO-a te stavove i ponašanje drugih nastavnika. Istraživanje je provedeno na 134 ispitanika 2023. godine a rezultati su uspoređeni sa sličnim istraživanjem na 174 ispitanika 2010. godine. Istraživanjem je ustanovljeno kako sve navedene situacije većina nastavnika smatra stresnim te kako je u usporedbi sa sličnim istraživanjem 2010. godine, razina stresa povećana. Od navedenih situacija nastavnicima kemije i biologije najteže pada pritisak roditelja (67 % ispitanika ovaj izvor je izabralo za stresan ili jako stesan). Pritisak ravnatelja i prosvjetnih službenika (53 %) te prosvjetnih savjetnika jednako su stresni za 53 % ispitanika. Stavovi i ponašanje drugih nastavnika stresno je za 39 % ispitanika. U odnosu na 2010. godinu to je porast od 9 % ispitanika koji drže ovaj izvor stresnim, 14 % za izvor stresa vrednovanja rada od strane prosvjetnih savjetnika. Za 22 % je narastao broj ispitanika kojima je stresan pritisak ravnatelja i isto toliko kojima je stresan pritisak roditelja.
ОЦІНКА ЕМІСІЇ ВУГЛЕКИСЛОГО ГАЗУ З ГРУНТУ ФІТОГЕННОГО ПОЛЯ СТАРОВІКОВИХ ДЕРЕВ ПЗ «РОЗТОЧЧЯ», ІННОВАЦІЙНИЙ ПІДХІД
Authors: Гамкало З. , Партика Т. , Пижик І. , Шпаківська І.
Published: January 2025

Інтенсивності емісії СО2 (мг·м-2·год-1) з поверхні ґрунту вкритого лісовою підстилкою значно відрізняються за напрямками від крони дерева: у Сосни звичайної й Бука лісового вони найменші з заходу (344,1–414,0), а найбільші з півдня (462,9–531,0), тоді як у Дуба звичайного найменші величини з півдня (464,4–469,4), а найбільші зі заходу (598,6–690,2). В усіх випадках емісія СО2 з поверхні мінерального ґрунту була максимальною на західному напрямку. Вкриті лісовою підстилкою ґрунти, за рахунок її мінералізації, генерують більше СО2 (13,3–145,8 %) порівняно з мінеральним ґрунтом у разі її видалення. Отримані результати дозволять удосконалити методику вимірювання дихання ґрунту у лісовій екосистемі.
Ключові слова: старовікові дерева, емісія СО2, ґрунт, лісова підстилка, просторова неоднорідність.

The intensities of CO2 emissions (mg·m-2·h-1) from the surface of the soil covered with forest litter differ significantly in the directions from the crowns of old trees: in Pinus sylvestris L. and Fagus sylvatica L they are lowest from the west (344.1–414.0) and the largest values from the south (462.9–531.0), while for Quercus robur the smallest values from the south (464.4–469.4) and the largest from of the west (598.6–690.2). In all cases the emission of CO2 from the surface of the mineral soil was maximal in the western direction. Soils covered with forest litter produce more CO2 (13.3–145,8 %) compared to mineral soils. The obtained results will make it possible to improve the method of measuring soil respiration in the forest ecosystem.
Keywords: old trees, CO2 emission, soil, forest litter, spatial heterogenity.
ПРИРОДНІ ЗАПОВІДНИКИ: ОХОРОНА ДИКОЇ ПРИРОДИ ТА ЕКОЛОГІЧНИЙ БАЛАНС
Authors: Терлецька О.В.
Published: January 2025

У публікації досліджується роль природних заповідників у збереженні дикої природи та підтримці екологічного балансу. Висвітлено основні функції природних заповідників як осередків біорізноманіття та природних екосистем, де зберігаються рідкісні та зникаючі види флори і фауни. Особлива увага приділяється значенню заповідників у глобальних екологічних процесах, таких як боротьба зі змінами клімату та регулювання екосистемних послуг. Також розглядаються виклики, з якими стикаються заповідники, та можливі шляхи їх подолання. У статті підкреслюється важливість взаємодії між охороною природи та екотуризмом, що сприяє екологічній просвіті та збереженню природних ресурсів для майбутніх поколінь.
Ключові слова: природні заповідники, екологічний баланс, природні екосистеми, екотуризм, екологічна просвіта.

The article examines the role of nature reserves in preserving wildlife and maintaining ecological balance. The main functions of nature reserves as centers of biodiversity and natural ecosystems, where rare and endangered species of flora and fauna are preserved, are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to the importance of reserves in global ecological processes, such as combating climate change and regulating ecosystem services. The challenges faced by the reserves and possible ways to overcome them are also considered. The article emphasizes the importance of interaction between nature conservation and ecotourism, which contributes to environmental education and preservation of natural resources for future generations.
Key words: nature reserves, ecological balance, natural ecosystems, ecotourism, environmental education.
PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. f. ANNULATA FINTELMANN – РІДКІСНИЙ ПРЕДСТАВНИК ФЛОРИ РОЗТОЧЧЯ В БОТАНІЧНОМУ САДУ НЛТУ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Прикладівська Т.Р.
Published: January 2025

Pinus sylvestris L. f. annulata Fintelmann – рідкісний представник флори Розточчя в Ботанічному саду НЛТУ України. Сосна комірцева (Pinus sylvestris L. f. annulata Fintelmann), морфологічна форма сосни звичайної з специфічним відлущенням пластинок кори на стовбурі, які нагадують комірці, росте у лісовій частині території Ботанічного саду НЛТУ України в с. Страдч Яворівського р-ну Львівської області (49°54´N 23°46´30″E). Вік сосни 150 років, висота 29 м, діаметр 80 см, кількість «комірців» – 12.
Ключові слова: сосна комірцева, морфологічна форма кори, Українське Розточчя.

Pinus sylvestris L. f. annulata Fintelmann – the rare taxon of Ukrainian Roztochia flora in Botanical Garden of Ukrainian National Forestry University. ‘Collar’ pine is the morphology form of bark of Scots pine. Such pines occur in west and central regions of Ukraine. In the forest part of Botanical Garden territory in Roztochia (49°54´N 23°46´30″E) grows one tree of this pine. Its age is 150 years, height – 29 m, diameter – 80 cm, ‘collars’ are in number of 12.
Key words: ‘collar’ pine, morphology form of bark, Ukrainian Roztochia.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВНІ ПРИРОДООХОРОННІ ТЕРИТОРІЇ ЛЬВІВСЬКОГО РОЗТОЧЧЯ
Authors: Рагуліна М.Є. , Орлов О.Л. , Кузярін О.Т.
Published: January 2025

Проведено созологічну оцінку особливо цінних заліснених та водно-болотних територій, важливих для збереження оселищного різноманіття регіону Львівського Розточчя. Найбільш вартісними вважаємо: піщані дюни з покривом псаммофільних трав під рідколіссям сосни звичайної (Pinus sylvestris L.), розташований у верхів’ях Збоївського потоку на північній околиці м. Львова; самосівний заболочений вільховий ліс у долині р. Млинівки між с. Бірки та Рокитне; ерозійний останець-бірок з фрагментом сфагнового болота у с. Бірки.
Ключові слова: рідкісні оселища, збереження біорізноманіття, Львівське Розточчя

A sozological evaluation of particularly valuable forested and wetland areas, important for habitats diversity conservation of the Lviv Roztocze region, was carried out. We considered that the most wealthy are: sand dunes with a cover of psammophilic grasses under a spars forest stand of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), located in the headwaters of the Zboyivsky stream on the northern outskirts of Lviv; self-sowing swamp alder forest in the Mlynivka river valley between the Birky and Rokytne villages; an erosional remnant «birok» with a sphagnum bog with in the Birky village.
Key words: rare habitats, biodiversity conservation, Lviv Roztocze