L᾽«unilinguisme» officiel de Constantinople byzantine (VIIe-XIIe s.)
Authors: OIKONOMIDES Nikos 
Published: November 2014

&nbsp; <p>&Nu;ί&kappa;&omicron;&sigmaf; &Omicron;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;&nu;&omicron;&mu;ί&delta;&eta;&sigmaf;</p><p>&nbsp;&Eta;&nbsp; &epsilon;&pi;&iota;&sigma;ή&mu;&omega;&sigmaf;&nbsp; &laquo;&mu;&omicron;&nu;ό&gamma;&lambda;&omega;&sigma;&sigma;&eta;&raquo;&nbsp; &beta;&upsilon;&zeta;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;ή&nbsp; &Kappa;&omega;&nu;&sigma;&tau;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;&omicron;ύ&pi;&omicron;&lambda;&eta; (7&omicron;&sigmaf;-12&omicron;&sigmaf; &alpha;&iota;.)</p><p>&Eta; &alpha;&nu;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&kappa;ή &Rho;&omega;&mu;&alpha;ϊ&kappa;ή &alpha;&upsilon;&tau;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&rho;ί&alpha; &xi;&epsilon;&kappa;ί&nu;&eta;&sigma;&epsilon; &mu;&epsilon; &tau;&omicron; ό&nu;&epsilon;&iota;&rho;&omicron; &epsilon;&nu;ό&sigmaf; &delta;ί&gamma;&lambda;&omega;&sigma;&sigma;&omicron;&upsilon; &kappa;&rho;ά&tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf;, ό&pi;&omicron;&upsilon; &tau;&alpha; &Epsilon;&lambda;&lambda;&eta;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ά &kappa;&alpha;&iota; &tau;&alpha; &Lambda;&alpha;&tau;&iota;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ά &theta;&alpha; &chi;&rho;&eta;&sigma;&iota;&mu;&omicron;&pi;&omicron;&iota;&omicron;ύ&nu;&tau;&alpha;&nu; &epsilon;&xi;ί&sigma;&omicron;&upsilon;. &Sigma;&tau;&iota;&sigmaf; &alpha;&nu;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&kappa;έ&sigmaf; &epsilon;&pi;&alpha;&rho;&chi;ί&epsilon;&sigmaf;, ό&mu;&omega;&sigmaf;, &eta; &chi;&rho;ή&sigma;&eta; &tau;&omega;&nu; &Lambda;&alpha;&tau;&iota;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ώ&nu; &upsilon;&pi;&omicron;&chi;ώ&rho;&eta;&sigma;&epsilon; &gamma;&rho;ή&gamma;&omicron;&rho;&alpha;. &Omega;&sigma;&tau;ό&sigma;&omicron;, ό&pi;&omega;&sigmaf; &tau;&epsilon;&kappa;&mu;&alpha;ί&rho;&epsilon;&tau;&alpha;&iota; &alpha;&pi;ό &tau;&iota;&sigmaf; &sigma;&phi;&rho;&alpha;&gamma;ί&delta;&epsilon;&sigmaf;, &tau;&alpha; έ&gamma;&gamma;&rho;&alpha;&phi;&alpha; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; &kappa;&epsilon;ί&mu;&epsilon;&nu;&alpha;, ό&pi;&omega;&sigmaf; &tau;&alpha; &Theta;&alpha;ύ&mu;&alpha;&tau;&alpha; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon; &alpha;&gamma;ί&omicron;&upsilon; &Delta;&eta;&mu;&eta;&tau;&rho;ί&omicron;&upsilon;, &sigma;&epsilon; &omicron;&rho;&iota;&sigma;&mu;έ&nu;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;&omicron;&chi;έ&sigmaf; &tau;&omega;&nu; &Beta;&alpha;&lambda;&kappa;&alpha;&nu;ί&omega;&nu; &kappa;&alpha;&iota;, &beta;έ&beta;&alpha;&iota;&alpha;, &sigma;&tau;&eta;&nu; &Iota;&tau;&alpha;&lambda;ί&alpha;, &eta; &chi;&rho;ή&sigma;&eta; &delta;&upsilon;&omicron; &gamma;&lambda;&omega;&sigma;&sigma;ώ&nu; &delta;&iota;&alpha;&tau;&eta;&rho;ή&theta;&eta;&kappa;&epsilon;. &Sigma;&tau;&eta;&nu; &alpha;&nu;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&kappa;ή &lambda;&epsilon;&kappa;ά&nu;&eta; &tau;&eta;&sigmaf; &Mu;&epsilon;&sigma;&omicron;&gamma;&epsilon;ί&omicron;&upsilon; &tau;&alpha; &Epsilon;&lambda;&lambda;&eta;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ά &chi;&rho;&eta;&sigma;&iota;&mu;&omicron;&pi;&omicron;&iota;&omicron;ύ&nu;&tau;&alpha;&iota; &epsilon;&upsilon;&rho;ύ&tau;&alpha;&tau;&alpha; &alpha;&pi;ό &tau;&eta; &delta;&iota;&pi;&lambda;&omega;&mu;&alpha;&tau;ί&alpha; &omega;&sigmaf; έ&nu;&alpha; &epsilon;ί&delta;&omicron;&sigmaf; lingua franca.</p><p>&Omicron;&iota; &Beta;&upsilon;&zeta;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;&omicron;ί &delta;&epsilon;&nu; &phi;&alpha;ί&nu;&epsilon;&tau;&alpha;&iota; &nu;&alpha; &pi;&rho;&omicron;&sigma;&pi;ά&theta;&eta;&sigma;&alpha;&nu; &nu;&alpha; &mu;ά&theta;&omicron;&upsilon;&nu; &xi;έ&nu;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &gamma;&lambda;ώ&sigma;&sigma;&epsilon;&sigmaf;. &Omicron;&iota; &mu;&epsilon;&tau;&alpha;&phi;&rho;&alpha;&sigma;&tau;έ&sigmaf; &pi;&rho;&omicron;έ&rho;&chi;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&iota; &alpha;&pi;ό &tau;&eta;&nu; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;&phi;έ&rho;&epsilon;&iota;&alpha;, &alpha;&pi;ό &pi;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;&omicron;&chi;έ&sigmaf; &delta;ί&gamma;&lambda;&omega;&sigma;&sigma;&epsilon;&sigmaf;, ό&pi;&omicron;&upsilon; &eta; &delta;&epsilon;ύ&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&eta; &gamma;&lambda;ώ&sigma;&sigma;&alpha; &mu;&alpha;&theta;&alpha;&iota;&nu;ό&tau;&alpha;&nu; &sigma;&tau;&omicron; &delta;&rho;ό&mu;&omicron;. &Omicron;&iota; &epsilon;&lambda;&lambda;&eta;&nu;ό&gamma;&lambda;&omega;&sigma;&sigma;&omicron;&iota; &kappa;ά&tau;&omicron;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;&iota; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon; &kappa;έ&nu;&tau;&rho;&omicron;&upsilon; &theta;&epsilon;&omega;&rho;&omicron;ύ&sigma;&alpha;&nu; ό&tau;&iota; &omicron;&iota; ά&lambda;&lambda;&omicron;&iota; ό&phi;&epsilon;&iota;&lambda;&alpha;&nu; &nu;&alpha; &gamma;&nu;&omega;&rho;ί&zeta;&omicron;&upsilon;&nu; &tau;&eta;&nu; &epsilon;&pi;ί&sigma;&eta;&mu;&eta; &gamma;&lambda;ώ&sigma;&sigma;&alpha; &tau;&eta;&sigmaf; &alpha;&upsilon;&tau;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&rho;ί&alpha;&sigmaf;, &delta;&eta;&lambda;&alpha;&delta;ή &tau;&alpha; &Epsilon;&lambda;&lambda;&eta;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ά, &epsilon;&phi;ό&sigma;&omicron;&nu; έ&rho;&chi;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&nu; &sigma;' &alpha;&upsilon;&tau;ή&nu;. &Tau;&omicron;ύ&tau;&omicron; ί&sigma;&chi;&upsilon;&epsilon; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; &gamma;&iota;&alpha; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &xi;έ&nu;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &mu;&iota;&sigma;&theta;&omicron;&phi;ό&rho;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf;, &omicron;&iota; &omicron;&pi;&omicron;ί&omicron;&iota; &chi;&rho;&eta;&sigma;&iota;&mu;&omicron;&pi;&omicron;&iota;&omicron;ύ&sigma;&alpha;&nu; &delta;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;ύ&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &delta;&iota;&epsilon;&rho;&mu;&eta;&nu;&epsilon;ί&sigmaf;, &kappa;&upsilon;&rho;ί&omega;&sigmaf; &mu;&epsilon;&tau;ά &tau;&eta; &delta;&eta;&mu;&iota;&omicron;&upsilon;&rho;&gamma;ί&alpha; &tau;&alpha;&gamma;&mu;ά&tau;&omega;&nu; &pi;&omicron;&upsilon; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;&epsilon;&lambda;ά&mu;&beta;&alpha;&nu;&alpha;&nu; &sigma;&tau;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&iota;ώ&tau;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &mu;&epsilon; &kappa;&omicron;&iota;&nu;ή &epsilon;&theta;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ή &pi;&rho;&omicron;έ&lambda;&epsilon;&upsilon;&sigma;&eta;. &Omicron;&iota; &delta;&iota;&epsilon;&rho;&mu;&eta;&nu;&epsilon;ί&sigmaf; &tau;&eta;&sigmaf; &alpha;&upsilon;&tau;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&rho;&iota;&kappa;ή&sigmaf; &delta;&iota;&omicron;ί&kappa;&eta;&sigma;&eta;&sigmaf;, &pi;&omicron;&upsilon; &delta;&rho;&omicron;ύ&sigma;&alpha;&nu; &epsilon;&nu;ί&omicron;&tau;&epsilon; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; &omega;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;ά&sigma;&kappa;&omicron;&pi;&omicron;&iota;, &pi;&rho;&omicron;έ&rho;&chi;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&nu; &sigma;&upsilon;&chi;&nu;ά &alpha;&pi;ό &xi;έ&nu;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &epsilon;&theta;&nu;ό&tau;&eta;&tau;&epsilon;&sigmaf;. &Alpha;&pi;ό &tau;&omicron;&nu; 12&omicron; &alpha;&iota;ώ&nu;&alpha; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; &epsilon;&xi;ή&sigmaf;, &omicron;&pi;ό&tau;&epsilon; &eta; &Kappa;&omega;&nu;&sigma;&tau;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;&omicron;ύ&pi;&omicron;&lambda;&eta; &alpha;&pi;έ&kappa;&tau;&eta;&sigma;&epsilon; &kappa;&omicron;&sigma;&mu;&omicron;&pi;&omicron;&lambda;ί&tau;&iota;&kappa;&omicron; &chi;&alpha;&rho;&alpha;&kappa;&tau;ή&rho;&alpha;, &omicron;&iota; &epsilon;&rho;&mu;&eta;&nu;&epsilon;&upsilon;&tau;&alpha;ί &tau;&eta;&sigmaf; &alpha;&upsilon;&lambda;ή&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; &tau;&eta;&sigmaf; &alpha;&upsilon;&tau;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&rho;&iota;&kappa;ή&sigmaf; &gamma;&rho;&alpha;&mu;&mu;&alpha;&tau;&epsilon;ί&alpha;&sigmaf; &pi;&alpha;ί&zeta;&omicron;&upsilon;&nu; ό&lambda;&omicron; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; &sigma;&eta;&mu;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ό&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&omicron; &rho;ό&lambda;&omicron;.</p><p>&Omicron;&iota; &Beta;&upsilon;&zeta;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;&omicron;ί &lambda;ό&gamma;&iota;&omicron;&iota;, &zeta;ώ&nu;&tau;&alpha;&sigmaf; &sigma;&epsilon; έ&nu;&alpha; &epsilon;ί&delta;&omicron;&sigmaf; &mu;&epsilon;&gamma;&alpha;&lambda;&omicron;&pi;&rho;&epsilon;&pi;&omicron;ύ&sigmaf; &alpha;&pi;&omicron;&mu;ό&nu;&omega;&sigma;&eta;&sigmaf;, &epsilon;&nu;&delta;&iota;&alpha;&phi;έ&rho;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&nu; &kappa;&upsilon;&rho;ί&omega;&sigmaf; &gamma;&iota;&alpha; &tau;&eta;&sigmaf; &mu;&omicron;&rho;&phi;έ&sigmaf; &tau;&eta;&sigmaf; &epsilon;&lambda;&lambda;&eta;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ή&sigmaf; &gamma;&lambda;ώ&sigma;&sigma;&alpha;&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon; &pi;&alpha;&rho;&epsilon;&lambda;&theta;ό&nu;&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf;. &Tau;&alpha; &laquo;&alpha;&tau;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ί&zeta;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&raquo; &epsilon;&lambda;&lambda;&eta;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ά ή&tau;&alpha;&nu; &eta; &gamma;&lambda;ώ&sigma;&sigma;&alpha; &tau;&omega;&nu; &mu;&omicron;&rho;&phi;&omega;&mu;έ&nu;&omega;&nu; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; &tau;&omega;&nu; &upsilon;&psi;&eta;&lambda;ό&beta;&alpha;&theta;&mu;&omega;&nu; &alpha;&xi;&iota;&omega;&mu;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;ύ&chi;&omega;&nu; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; &alpha;&upsilon;&tau;ά &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &xi;&epsilon;&chi;ώ&rho;&iota;&zeta;&alpha;&nu; &alpha;&pi;ό &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &lambda;&omicron;&iota;&pi;&omicron;ύ&sigmaf;. &Epsilon;&pi;&epsilon;&iota;&delta;ή, ό&mu;&omega;&sigmaf;, &eta; &laquo;&gamma;&lambda;ώ&sigma;&sigma;&alpha;&raquo; &alpha;&upsilon;&tau;ή &delta;&epsilon;&nu; ή&tau;&alpha;&nu; &alpha;&pi;ό&lambda;&upsilon;&tau;&alpha; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;&alpha;&nu;&omicron;&eta;&tau;ή, &omicron; ό&rho;&omicron;&sigmaf; &epsilon;&rho;&mu;&eta;&nu;&epsilon;&upsilon;&tau;ή&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;έ&lambda;&eta;&xi;&epsilon; &nu;&alpha; &delta;&eta;&lambda;ώ&nu;&epsilon;&iota; &tau;&omicron;&nu; &delta;ά&sigma;&kappa;&alpha;&lambda;&omicron;.</p><p>&Chi;&omega;&rho;ί&sigmaf; &nu;&alpha; &epsilon;&gamma;&kappa;&alpha;&tau;&alpha;&lambda;&epsilon;ί&psi;&epsilon;&iota; &tau;&eta;&nu; &epsilon;&lambda;&lambda;&eta;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ή &gamma;&lambda;ώ&sigma;&sigma;&alpha;, &omicron; &mu;&omicron;&rho;&phi;&omega;&mu;έ&nu;&omicron;&sigmaf; &Beta;&upsilon;&zeta;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;ό&sigmaf; &gamma;&iota;&nu;ό&tau;&alpha;&nu; &laquo;&pi;&omicron;&lambda;ύ&gamma;&lambda;&omega;&sigma;&sigma;&omicron;&sigmaf;&raquo; &gamma;&iota;&alpha; &nu;&alpha; &upsilon;&pi;&eta;&rho;&epsilon;&tau;ή&sigma;&epsilon;&iota; &kappa;&omicron;&iota;&nu;&omega;&nu;&iota;&kappa;έ&sigmaf;; &phi;&iota;&lambda;&omicron;&delta;&omicron;&xi;ί&epsilon;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;&iota; ό&chi;&iota; &pi;&rho;&alpha;&kappa;&tau;&iota;&kappa;έ&sigmaf; &alpha;&nu;ά&gamma;&kappa;&epsilon;&sigmaf;.</p><p>&nbsp;</p>