bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hemispheric asymmetry and gender dimorphism of the fetal central sulcus on 7.0-T MRI
Authors: Dun Aishe , Liu Shuai , Zhang Zhonghe , Zhang Mei , Ji Long , Zhang Haidong , Liu Shuwei
Published: September 2023

Purpose
The hemispheric asymmetry and gender dimorphism of the central sulcus (CS) have been studied since the 19th century. Although there is a clear understanding that hemispheric asymmetry and gender dimorphism exist in adults, the time when the differences begin to occur remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether hemispheric asymmetry and gender dimorphism in the CS of the fetal brain at 13–22 gestational weeks exist, this is of great significance for studies on the early development of CS.
Methods
We used 7.0-T MRI to measure the maximum depth and length of the CS in 58 Chinese fetal specimens from 13 to 22 gestational weeks. The MRI was imported into Amira4.1 to reconstruct three-dimensional brain models, on which the measurements were performed. Then the lateral and gender differences in the CS of the fetal brain at 13–22 gestational weeks were analyzed.
Results
There were significant gender differences in the length of the CS at 13, 14, 16 (P < 0.01), and 18 gestational weeks (P < 0.05), as well as in the depth of the CS at 18 and 19 gestational weeks (P < 0.01). The lengths of the CS at 15 and 19 gestational weeks, and the maximum depth of the CS at 15 gestational weeks showed lateral differences (both P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Our findings revealed no stable hemispheric asymmetries or gender dimorphisms of the CS between 13 and 22 gestational weeks.
Personalised Exercise Rehabilitation in Cancer Survivorship: The PERCS Triage and Referral System Study Protocol
Authors: Brennan Louise , Sheill Grainne , Collier Sonya , Browne Peter , Donohoe Claire L. , O’Neill Linda , Hussey Juliette , Guinan Emer
Published: September 2023

Background:
To effectively embed exercise rehabilitation in cancer survivorship care, a co-ordinated system of acute and community exercise rehabilitation services, forming a stepped model of care, is recommended. Patients can be directed to the exercise rehabilitation service which best meets their needs through a system of assessment, triage and referral. Triage and referral systems are not yet widely applied in cancer survivorship practice and need to be evaluated in real-world contexts. The PERCS (Personalised Exercise Rehabilitation in Cancer Survivorship) study aims to evaluate the real-world application of an exercise rehabilitation triage and referral system in cancer survivors treated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Secondary aims are to evaluate change in physical and psychosocial outcomes, and to qualitatively evaluate the impact of the system and patient experiences, at three months after application of the triage and referral system.
Methods:
This study will assess the implementation of an exercise rehabilitation triage and referral system within the context of a physiotherapy-led cancer rehabilitation clinic for cancer survivors who received cancer treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The PERCS triage and referral system supports decision making in exercise rehabilitation referral by recommending one of three pathways: independent physical activity; fitness professional referral; or health professional referral. Up to 100 adult cancer survivors treated during the COVID-19 pandemic who have completed treatment and have no signs of active disease will be recruited. We will assess participants’ physical and psychosocial wellbeing and evaluate whether medical clearance for exercise is needed. Participants will then be triaged to a referral pathway and an exercise recommendation will be collaboratively decided. Reassessment will be after 12 weeks. Primary outcomes are implementation-related, guided by the RE-AIM framework. Secondary outcomes include physical function, psychosocial wellbeing and physical activity levels. Qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) will provide insights on implementation and system impact.
Discussion: The PERCS study will investigate the real-world application of a cancer rehabilitation triage and referral system. This will provide proof of concept evidence for this triage approach and important insights on the implementation of a triage system in a specialist cancer centre.
Trial Registration: This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, registration number: NCT05615285, date registered: 14/11/2022.
A physiotherapy group exercise and self-management approach to improve physical activity in people with mild-moderate Parkinson’s disease: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Brauer Sandra G , Lamont Robyn M , O'Sullivan John D
Published: September 2023

Background: Physical activity levels are low in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and have proved difficult to increase with exercise programs alone. Intervention approaches that address both the capacity to engage in physical activity and self-management strategies to change and maintain exercise behaviours are needed to address this intractable issue.
Methods: This will be an assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial performed in Brisbane, Australia. Ninety-two people with mild-moderate PD will be randomly allocated to two groups: usual care, and a physiotherapy-led group exercise program combined with self-management strategies. In the intervention group, twelve, 80-minute sessions will be conducted over four weeks in groups of up to 4 participants. The intervention will consist of circuit training including treadmill walking to target aerobic fitness, and activities targeting strength, balance, and gait performance. In addition, each session will also incorporate strategies focusing on self-management and behavior change, augmented by the provision of a fitness activity tracker. Outcome measures will be collected at baseline (T1), immediately post intervention (T2) and at 6 months follow up (T3). The primary outcome measure is free-living physical activity (average step count over 7 days) at pre (T1) and post (T2) intervention measured using an activPALTM device. Secondary outcome measures captured at all time points include: time spent walking, sedentary and in moderate intensity exercise over 7 days; spatiotemporal gait performance (step length, gait speed, endurance); health-related quality of life; and outcome expectations and self-efficacy for exercise.
Discussion: Sustainability of gains in physical activity following exercise interventions is a challenge for most populations. Our incorporation of a chronic disease self-management approach into the exercise program including fitness tracking extends previous trials and has potential to significantly improve free-living physical activity in people with PD.
Trial Registration: This study has been prospectively registered in Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12617001057370), registered on 19/07/2017. Available from www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12617001057370.aspx.
Decomposition of Buried Rabbits and Pattern and Succession of Insect Arrival on Buried Carcasses.
Authors: almekhlafi fahd , Al-Zahrani Osama , Al-Qahtni Abdulmani H. , Al-Khalifa Mohammed S.
Published: September 2023

Forensic entomology is the field of research that applies the biology of insects to criminal investigations. This study, which used rabbits as experimental models, was carried out in Al-Riaydh, Saudi Arabia, to gather data on forensically important insects and their succession and decomposition on decaying buried carcasses at two depths during two periods: the first period lasted from January 28-May 30, 2021 (winter-spring), and the second period was from September 5, 2021, to January 4, 2022 (summer-onset winter). Decomposition was seen in three stages during the first period (bloated, decay, and drying) and two stages during the second period (decay and drying). Temperature, humidity, and depth of burial influenced the stages of carcass decomposition and abundance of insects. Eleven species from the Diptera order, encompassing five families (Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Muscidae, Phoridae, and Ulidiidae), were identified. Additionally, four species from the Coleoptera order were recorded, representing four families (Dermestidae, Tenebrionidae, Histeridae, and Nitidulidae). During the first period of the study, all species were identified at a depth of 20 cm, while, at a depth of 40 cm, nine types of them were detected. In the second period, only one species of beetle was observed at 20 cm, whereas there were only four fly species present. Furthermore, at a depth of 40 cm, only one species of fly was discovered throughout the entire period. These species can be used as forensic indicators to estimate the PMI. These results indicate that these insects are significant in carcass decay and therefore forensically important.
The Association Between Creatine kinase-MB Levels and Gestational Duration: A Retrospective Investigation in Patients afflicted with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension owing to congenital heart disease
Authors: Zhao Kaixun , Yang Ziyang , Zhou Yin , Xie Nanshan , Lai Disheng , Zhang Caojin
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) presents a complex cardiopulmonary dysfunction that exerts diverse effects on physiological processes, including pregnancy outcomes. This research seeks to explore the correlation between creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and the gestational duration in patients afflicted with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of patients with pregnancy complicated by pulmonary arterial hypertension. Thorough review of the patients' medical records and laboratory data were collected. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were employed to scrutinize the relationship between CK-MB and gestational duration. Adjustments were made for various confounding factors, and cut-off points were determined through curve fitting and threshold effect analysis.
RESULTS: In individuals with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) due to congenital heart disease, maternal serum CK-MB levels exhibited a significant association with gestational duration. The regression coefficient was -1.69, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from -2.86 to -0.52, indicating a statistically significant finding (P < 0.01). Moreover, the curve displayed a tangential point at 22.8 U/L. Further stratified analyses reveal significant correlations between maternal serum CK-MB levels and gestational length within specific subgroups (patients with a pulmonary arterial diameter exceeding 25 mm, patients aged higher than 30 years, and multiparous patients).
CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that heightened CK-MB levels are linked to shorter pregnancy duration in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension owing to congenital heart disease, particularly those with a pulmonary arterial diameter exceeding 25 mm, multiparous individuals, or those aged below 30 years.
Synthesis and computational assessment of a new thermally stable 6,6'-(diazene-1,2-diyl)bis(4,5,7-trinitrobenzofuroxan) (DADBTNBF) energetic compound with high performance
Authors: Mousavi Sajjad , Keshavarz Mohammad H. , Moeini Safoura
Published: September 2023

A new organic energetic compound 6,6'-(diazene-1,2-diyl)bis(4,5,7-trinitrobenzofuroxan) (DADBTNBF) is introduced where its computational assessments show that it is a thermally stable explosive with high detonation performance. Herein, the DADBTNBF explosive with high yield and purity is synthesized in 2 steps. The synthesis mechanisms of these steps were investigated. The products of these steps are identified using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and elemental analysis. The high purity of DADBTNBF was confirmed by the results of 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and elemental analysis. The characterization of the DADBTNBF explosive was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. Then, significant properties of DADBTNBF including heat of detonation, detonation pressure and velocity, adiabatic exponent, Gurney velocity of explosives, specific impulse, and impact sensitivity were calculated by reliable predictive methods. The predicted results show that introducing the furoxan group in DADBTNBF can provide higher density, detonation, and combustion performance in comparison to hexanitrostilbene (HNS) as a heat-resistant high explosive. The predicted detonation velocity, detonation pressure, heat of detonation, and specific impulse of DADBTNBF are 8.8 km.s-1, 375 kbar, 5.64 kJ.g-1 and 2.46 N.s.g-1, respectively, which are greater than those estimated for HNS, i.e. 7.6 km.s-1, 244 kbar, 3.12 kJ.g-1 and 2.24 N.s.g-1, respectively. Thus, DADBTNBF may give better detonation and combustion performance than that of the HNS. Moreover, the thermal stability and impact sensitivity of DADBTNBF are predicted to be slightly lower than HNS. Thus, it is expected to use DADBTNBF instead of HNS for application in military ordnance, aeronautic and astronautic areas, and puncturing deep petroleum wells.
Isolation of Biologically Active Extracellular Vesicles-Associated AAVs for Gene Delivery to the Brain by Size Exclusion Chromatography
Authors: de Almeida Luis Pereira , Henriques Carina , Lopes Miguel , Albuquerque Patrícia , Ramos David Rufino , Gaspar Laetitia , Lobo Diana , Leandro Kevin , Silva Ana , Baganha Rafael , Duarte Sónia , Maguire Casey , Santana Magda , Nobre Rui
Published: September 2023

Extracellular vesicles-associated adeno-associated viral vectors (EV-AAVs) emerged as a new opportunity for non-invasive gene therapy targeting the central nervous system (CNS). However, in previous reports, only AAV serotypes with known ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have been used for EV-AAV production and testing through non-invasive strategies. In this work, we aimed at optimizing a size exclusion chromatography (SEC) protocol for the production and isolation of natural and biologically active brain-targeting EV-AAVs, that could be applied to any AAV serotype and further used for non-invasive gene delivery to the CNS. We performed a comparison between SEC and differential ultracentrifugation (UC) isolation protocols in terms of yield, contaminants, and transgene expression efficiency. We found that SEC allows a higher recovery of EV-AAVs, free of cell contaminating proteins and with less solo AAVs than UC. Remarkably, SEC-purified EV-AAVs also showed to be more potent at transgene expression than solo AAVs in neuronal cell lines. Brain-targeting EV-AAVs exhibited the ability to reach be brain upon intravenous administration. In conclusion, SEC-purified brain-targeting EV-AAVs show to be a promising gene delivery vector for therapy of brain disorders.
Continuous warming drives the colonization dynamics of periphytic protozoan fauna in marine environments
Authors: Song Suihan , Sun Zhiyi , Xu Guangjian , Xu Henglong
Published: September 2023

In order to evaluate the influence of global warming on the ecosystem process in marine environments, the changes in colonization dynamics of periphytic microbiota were studied using the periphytic protozoan communities as the test organism fauna under a continuous warming gradient of 22 (control), 25, 28, 31 and 34 ℃. The results demonstrated that: (1) the test protozoan assemblages generally showed a similar temporal pattern in within the colonization process under the water temperature from 22 ℃ going up to 28 ℃; however, (2) the colonization dynamics were significantly changed, and the fitness of colonization curves to the Macarthur-Wilson model equation was failed under the temperature increased by 6 ℃, and (3) the loading or assimilative capacity of the test aquatic ecosystem was decreased with increase of water temperature. Therefore, it suggests that continuous warming may significantly drive the colonization dynamics of periphytic protozoa in marine ecosystems.
A Fortuitous Diagnosis of Pulmonary Artery Sarcoma Uncovered by Incidental Brain Metastases: a case report
Authors: Tan Na , Duan Xirui , Luo Dan , Zhu Yu , Chu Jixiang , Zhou Xinyan , Dai Hailong , Liao Chengde
Published: September 2023

Background: Pulmonary artery sarcoma (PAS) is a rare malignant tumor of the great vessels and is also a rare cause of pulmonary hypertension. It is often misdiagnosed due to its atypical clinical presentation. To date,no case has beendetected due to the presence of brain metastases in the literature.
Case presentation: Here, we report a case of a young patient with occult development of pulmonary artery sarcoma presenting with multiple systemic metastases. This 33-year-old male patient was referred to our hospital because of syncope and vomiting. The possibility of pulmonary artery sarcoma was suspected after a PET-CT examination, but the lesion could not be surgically removed.
Conclusions: This case report presents a rare occurrence of pulmonary artery sarcoma concomitant with brain metastases, emphasizing the significance of timely and accurate differential diagnosis to distinguish it from pulmonary embolism. Comprehensively assessing the imaging characteristics of pulmonary artery sarcomas plays a crucial role in facilitating early differential diagnosis, thereby contributing to prolonged patient survival through surgical resection.
Is it feasible to nest a Trial within a Cohort Study (TwiCS) to evaluate an early years parenting programme? A Born in Bradford’s Better Start study protocol
Authors: Mooney Kate , Welch Charlie , Crossley Kirsty , Bywater Tracey , Wright John , Dickerson Josie , Blower Sarah
Published: September 2023

Background

Evaluating the effectiveness of early years parenting interventions provides evidence to improve the development and wellbeing of children. This protocol paper describes a study to explore the feasibility of evaluating the Incredible Years Toddler early life intervention programme, which is offered to parents of 1–3-year-olds via the Better Start Bradford programme.
The study aims to use a Trial Within a Cohort Study (TwiCS) design that randomly selects individuals participating in a cohort to be offered an intervention. The TwiCS information and consent process is person-centred and aims to replicate real world practice whereby only those who are offered the intervention are given information about the intervention.
The cohort is the Born in Bradford’s Better Start (BiBBS) cohort, an interventional birth cohort recruiting expectant parents in three areas of Bradford, UK. The study will assess the feasibility of TwiCS procedures, staged consent, and intervention take-up.

Methods

We will conduct a feasibility TwiCS to test study procedures. We aim to establish: (1) whether TWiCS methodology can be implemented to create control and intervention arms, while documenting any incidences of contamination within the cohort; (2) whether satisfactory rates of intervention uptake are achieved among participants allocated to the intervention; and (3) whether satisfactory rates of retention of participants in the intervention can be achieved. A RAG rating system has been applied to support the feasibility assessment of each objective: to be rated red (not achieved), amber (partly achieved) and green (achieved).
Eligible participants in the BiBBS cohort will be individually randomised 1:1 to the intervention or control arms, with stratification by child age (1 or 2-years-old at the time of randomisation) and ethnicity (White British, South Asian, or other). BiBBS researchers will seek consent from participants randomised to the intervention to pass their contact details onto Incredible Years’ delivery agents.

Discussion

This feasibility study will inform the utility of the TwiCs approach within an experimental birth cohort to evaluate interventions for infants, toddlers, and their families.

Trial registration

The study was prospectively registered on ISRCTN (ISRCTN16150114).
Prognostic nomograms for breast cancer with lung metastasis: a SEER-based population study
Authors: Xie YuDe , Lei Chiseng , Ma Yuhua , Li Yuan , Yang Mei , Zhang Yan , Law Kin Nam , Wang Ningxia , Qu Shaohua
Published: September 2023

Background: Lung metastasis is a significant adverse predictor of prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Accurate estimates for the prognosis of patients with lung metastasis and population-based validation for the models are lacking. In the present study, we aimed to establish nomograms to identify prognostic factors with lung metastases and evaluate individualized survival in patients with lung metastasis based on SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database.
Methods: We selected 1197 patients diagnosed with breast cancer with lung metastasis (BCLM) from the SEER database and randomly assigned them to the testing group (n=837) and the testing group (n=360). Based on univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, we evaluate the effects of multiple variables on survival and prognosis in the training group and constructed a nomogram to predict the 1-, 2-, 3-year survival probability of patients. The nomogram is verified internally and externally by Concordance index (C-index), Net Reclassification (NRI), Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI), Decision Curve Analysis (DCA), and calibration plots.
Results: According to the results of multi-factor COX regression analysis, age, histopathology, grade, marital status, bone metastasis, brain metastasis, liver metastasis, HER2, ER, PR, surgery, neoadjuvant therapy, and chemotherapy are considered independent prognostic factors for patients with BCLM. The C-index in the training group is 0.719 and the test group is 0.695, respectively. The AUC values of the 1-, 2-, 3-years prognostic nomograms in the training group were 0.798, 0.79 and 0.793, and the corresponding AUC values in testing group were 0.765, 0.761 and 0.762. The calculation results of IDI and NRI are shown, the nomogram significantly improved the risk reclassification for 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall mortality prediction compared with the AJCC 7th staging system. According to the calibration plot, nomogram shows good consistency between predicted and actual OS values for the patients with BCLM. DCA showed that nomogram had better net benefits at different threshold probabilities at different time points compared with the AJCC 7th staging system.
Conclusions: Nomograms that predicted 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS for patients with BCLM were successfully constructed and validated to help physicians in evaluating the high risk of mortality in breast cancer patients.
Trends and projections of inflammatory bowel disease at the global and national levels, 1990–2050: A bayesian age-period-cohort modeling study
Authors: Zhou Jia-Li , Bao Jia-Chen , Liao Xu-Ying , Chen Yi-Jia , Wang Lin-Wei , Fan Yan-Yun , Xu Qin-Yu , Hao Lan-Xiang , Li Kun-Jian , Liang Ming-Xian , Hu Tian-Hui , Liu Zheng-Jin , Hu Yi-Qun
Published: September 2023

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global health concern with varying levels and trends across countries and regions. Understanding these differences is crucial for effective prevention and treatment strategies.
Methods: Using data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study, we examine IBD incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates in 198 countries from 1990 to 2019. By analyzing estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and employing a Bayesian model, we predict IBD trends over 50 years.
Results:In 2019, there were 404,552 new IBD cases globally (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 360,521.17 to 456,478.46), with 40,998 deaths (95% UI 34,932.99 to 44,660.80) and 1,622,498.43 DALYs (95% UI 1,356,295.86 to 1,915,042.45). The global age-standardized incidence rate in 2019 was 4.97 per 100,000 person-years (95% UI 4.43 to 5.59), with a mortality rate of 0.54 (95% UI 0.46 to 0.59) and DALYs rate of 20.15 (95% UI 16.86 to 23.71). From 1990 to 2019, EAPC values for incidence, mortality, and DALYs rates were -0.60 (95% UI -0.73 to -0.48), -0.69 (95% UI -0.81 to -0.57), and -1.04 (95% UI -1.06 to -1.01), respectively. Predictions using a Bayesian model showed lower new cases and deaths from 2020 to 2050 than reference values, with similar incidence-time curves.
Conclusion: Increasing cases, deaths, and DALYs highlight the sustained burden of IBD on public health. Developed countries have stabilized or declining incidence rates but face high prevalence and societal burden. Emerging and developing countries experience rising incidence. Understanding these changes aids policymakers in effectively addressing IBD challenges in different regions and economic contexts.
Attitudes and perceptions of mothers with pregestational diabetes toward breastfeeding
Authors: Schiller Tal , Gassner Tali , Shafran Yael Winter , Schiller Ofer , Zornitzki Taiba , Kirzhner Alena
Published: September 2023

Background
Current data on breastfeeding perceptions and attitudes in women with pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) is limited. The aim of the current study was to evaluate perceptions and attitudes towards breastfeeding before birth in women with PGDM versus women without diabetes and to evaluate whether targeted counseling at the end of pregnancy in the diabetic population affected women’s perceptions regarding breastfeeding.
Methods
Fifty-two women with PGDM and 38 women without diabetes answered a structured questionnaire designed to evaluate attitudes and perceptions toward breastfeeding. We also explored whether structured instruction, given to diabetic women towards the end of pregnancy, by an experienced breastfeeding counselor changed these perceptions. The purpose of the instruction was twofold; to elucidate practical aspects and strategies to overcome challenges of breastfeeding alongside diabetes, and to review realistic breastfeeding expectations for the early postpartum period.
Results
Diabetic and non-diabetic women had shared concerns regarding the complexity of breastfeeding, and insufficient knowledge. However, diabetic women expressed more concerns overall. The main motivation to breastfeed among diabetic women was the health benefits for their newborn. End-of-pregnancy targeted instruction improved confidence in breastfeeding knowledge and confidence in being able to manage blood glucose. It also improved confidence in approaching healthcare professional when seeking help.
Conclusion
A targeted diabetes-oriented breastfeeding instruction session at the end of pregnancy improved knowledge and confidence among diabetic women. It also improved their confidence in medical staff. Further investigation to find the optimal combination of education and support is still needed.
Biostimulation of Indigenous Microbes for Uranium Bioremediation in Former U Mine Water: Multidisciplinary approach assessment.
Authors: Newman-Portela Antonio M , Krawczyk-Bärsch Evelyn , Lopez-Fernandez Margarita , Bok Frank , Kassahun Andrea , Drobot Björn , Steudtner Robin , Stumpf Thorsten , Raff Johannes , Merroun Mohamed L.
Published: September 2023

Characterising physicochemistry and microbial diversity in uranium (U) mine water is a key prerequisite for understanding the biogeochemical processes occurring in these water mass and for the design of an efficient bioremediation strategy. In this study water samples from two former U-mines in East Germany were analysed. The U and sulphate (SO42−) concentrations of Schlema-Alberoda mine water (U: 1 mg/L; SO42−: 335 mg/L) are 2 and 3 order of magnitude higher than those of the Pöhla sample (U: 0.01 mg/L; SO42−: 0.5 mg/L). U, SO42− and Fe seem to shape the differential microbial diversity of the two water samples. Microbial diversity analysis identified U(VI)-reducing bacteria (e.g., Desulfurivibrio) and wood-degrading fungi (e.g., Cadophora) providing electron donors for the growth of U-reducers. U-bioreduction experiments were performed to screen electron donors (glycerol, vanillic acid and gluconic acid) for Schlema-Alberoda U mine water bioremediation. Glycerol effectively removed 99% of soluble U (initially present as Ca2UO2(CO3)3(aq) and UO2(CO3)34−), along with 95% of Fe and 58% of SO42− from the mine water. The results may contribute to the design of low U concentrations bioremediation strategies based on the biostimulation of U-reducing bacteria.
Ultrasonography as a way of evaluating the diaphragm muscle in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Authors: Silva Bianca Carmo Figueira , de Abreu Diego Condesso , de Souza Yves Raphael , Figueiredo Manoele , Macêdo Joseane Felix , Mafort Thiago Thomaz , Rufino Rogério , Costa Cláudia Henrique da
Published: September 2023

Background:
Diaphragmatic mobility (DM) may be reduced in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, but little is known about whether this mobility correlates with functional parameters, exercise capacity, and indicators of disease severity.
Objective:
To evaluate the DM of COPD patients and relate the findings with the distance achieved in the six-minute walk test (6MWT), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) % of predicted, residual volume (RV) % of predicted, and dyspnea.
Methods:
An observational cohort study was conducted to analyze DM through ultrasound during breathing, at rest and during deep inspiration and expiration.
Results:
It was included 49 COPD stable patients. There was a correlation between the DM measured between expiration and maximum inspiration with FEV1% of predicted (r = 0.36; p = 0.012), RV % of predicted (r = -0.42; p = 0.01), RV/Total Lung Capacity (TLC) (r = -0.61; p < 0.001), and distance reached in the 6MWT (r = 0.46; p = 0.001). In addition, patients with MRCm <2 had a greater DM than those with a score >2 (mean difference 13.20 + 4.6 mm; p = 0.0059), and patients with a BODE index <4 presented greater mobility (61.95 mm) than patients with a BODE index >4 (47.89 mm) (mean difference 14.05 + 5.3 mm; 95% CI 25.09 to 3.01 mm).
Conclusion:
The results obtained suggest that DM is related to bronchial obstruction (FEV1), lung hyperinflation (RV and RV/TLC), exercise capacity, and the measurement of dyspnea, suggesting that it is an option for evaluating COPD patients.
Reutilization of brewer's spent grain as spent mushroom substrate for the generation of biogas in a semi-continuous digester
Authors: Ganuza Mauricio Roque , Mejia Santiago Jaramillo , Albertó Edgardo
Published: September 2023

In this work we explore the use of brewers' spent grain (BSG) to produce biogas after it was used to produce the edible mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius within the concept of circular economy. We compare the production of biomethane obtained using: i) spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and ii) BSG to feed the digester. We produced the mushroom using a mixture of sawdust and BSG and the resulting SMS was used to feed the digester. The mono-digestion of both substrates was carried out in 19l semi-continuos biodigesters (SB), in mesophilic conditions (35°C), constant stirring of 200 rpm and a hydraulic retention time of 30 days. The start-up of SB was carried out in stages. PH, volume and biogas composition were recorded daily. Accumulated biogas volumes of 59.971 l and 465.73 l were obtained for the SMS and BSG respectively. The average methane composition was 42% for SMS and 55% for BSG. The methane yield obtained was 35.95 and 265.495 l CH4/KgVS for SMS and BSG, respectively. The use of BSG, first as substrate for mushroom production, and then, using SMS to produce biogas would not be a recommended practice if the main objective were the production of biogas. Since it is much more efficient to produce biomethane when BSG is used directly. The results obtained from the use of BSG show that this substrate improves the yield of mushroom production and can be used for the production of biogas in SB with a high performance.
A Prospective Observational study on Acute Respiratory Failure In Pregnancy And Puerperium.
Authors: Ghotra Maninder Kaur , Singh Anju , Suri Vanita , Prasad KT , Jain Kajal , Panda Prashant , . Tulika , Saini Shivsajan
Published: September 2023

Purpose
To elucidate the etiological spectrum of acute respiratory failure in pregnant and postpartum patients and its impact on feto maternal outcomes were studied.
Methods
This was a hospital- based prospective observational study, conducted over 18 months. All pregnant women with acute onset respiratory distress which fit into the inclusion criteria formed the study population. Detailed evaluation was carried out. Maternal and fetal outcomes were noted.
Results
Incidence of acute respiratory failure (ARF) 0.6%, 50 patients with ARF were identified among 8660 pregnant patients requiring hospitalization for any reason, out of which 58% (n = 29) were postpartum. Among antepartum and postpartum subjects, preeclampsia (38%) and puerperal sepsis (21%) were the commonest causes of ARF, respectively. Our study population had maternal mortality and perinatal mortality of 34% and 42%, respectively. Postpartum subjects with ARF had more severe disease (P = 0.040) and higher mortality( P = 0.016).
Conclusion
The leading causes of ARF during antenatal and postpartum period are preeclampsia and puerperal sepsis, respectively. ARF during pregnancy is associated with a high maternal and perinatal mortality rate.
Benefits and limitations of ChatGPT in basic care: Influence on the diagnosis and treatment of neuromyelitis optic
Authors: de Souza Alessandra Hubner , Santiago Juliana , Alvarenga Julia , Felicíssimo Fernanda De Luca , Dias Quézia , Dantas Fernando Luiz
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) has developed rapidly, and it has been used in medical practice. The Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) is a recently released open access AI model that interacts with user inputs in a conversational manner. The objective of this work is to analyze the veracity of the information provided by the software and compare the responses generated with the current medical literature. Methods: Several questions about neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) were sent to ChatGPT on June 19, 2023. We analyzed the veracity of the information provided by it and we analyzed its possible limitations in the dissemination of information to both physicians and patients. Results: The answers provided by ChatGPT demonstrated that the information is compatible with the current literature on the topic. With regard to diseases, unlike other websites, ChatGPT proved to be responsible in providing information, clarifying that, as an AI software, it is not capable of providing accurate medical diagnoses; It therefore recommends consultation with a health professional. ChatGPT responses are only as good as the data they are trained on. Conclusions: ChatGPT was responsible for accurate responses and can now offer patients the ability to select and categorize the results of these queries, as well as pre-specify the language complexity of the output text. We can only speculate about the next steps in the exponential growth of this technology, and how it will transform future care for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.
Clinical feasibility of endovascular recanalization with intravascular ultrasound-guided for chronic total occlusion of below-the-knee arteries
Authors: Hayakawa Naoki , Kodera Satoshi , Miwa Hiromi , Ichihara Shinya , Hirano Satoshi , Arakawa Masataka , Inoguchi Yasunori , Kushida Shunichi
Published: September 2023

Background
Revascularization with endovascular therapy (EVT) for complex below-the-knee (BTK) chronic total occlusion (CTO) remains a challenging problem. The Japanese-BTK (J-BTK) CTO score is reported as an indicator of the difficulty of BTK CTO, with the guidewire (GW) passage success rate decreasing as the grade increases. We previously reported an effective GW crossing method for the intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided parallel wiring of complex BTK CTO. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of EVT using IVUS-guided wiring for BTK CTO. The primary endpoint was the clinical success of the target CTO vessel. The secondary endpoints were the GW success rate per grade based on the J-BTK CTO score, number of GW used for CTO crossing, fluoroscopy time, and complications.
Results
This single center, retrospective study analyzed 65 consecutive BTK CTO vessels in which IVUS-guided wiring was attempted after the failure of a conventional antegrade wiring approach from November 2020 to November 2022. Target vessels were the anterior tibial artery (66.2% of cases), peroneal artery (9.2%), and posterior tibial artery (24.6%). Blunt type CTO entry was performed in 55.4% of cases, calcification of entry was observed in 24.6% of cases, the occlusion length was 228.2 ± 93.7mm, reference vessel diameter was 2.1 ± 0.71 mm, and outflow was absent in 38.5% of cases. J-BTK CTO scores of 0/1 (grade A), 2/3 (grade B), 4/5 (grade C), and 6 (grade D) were seen in 18.5%, 43.1%, 36.3%, and 1.5% of cases, respectively. The clinical success rate was 95.4%. The GW success rate by J-BTK CTO grade was as follows: grade A (100%), B (100%), C (91.7%), and D (0%). The number of GW used was 3.4 ± 1.4, the fluoroscopy time was 72.3 ± 32.5 min, and complications occurred in 7.7% of cases.
Conclusion
This study showed a very high clinical success rate despite the difficulty of BTK CTO. IVUS-guided EVT might be a feasible strategy for complex BTK CTO.
Demographic history shapes North American gray wolf genomic diversity and informs species’ conservation
Authors: vonHoldt Bridgett , Stahler Daniel , Brzeski Kristin , Musiani Marco , Peterson Rolf , Phillips Michael , Stephenson John , Laudon Kent , Meredith Erin , Vucetich John , Leonard Jennifer , Wayne Robert
Published: September 2023

Effective population size estimates are critical information needed for evolutionary predictions and conservation decisions. This is particularly true for species with social factors that restrict access to breeding or experience repeated fluctuations in population size across generations. Further, if isolated, the only natural process that introduces new variation into the gene pool is de novo mutation rate. We investigated the genomic estimates of effective population size along with diversity, subdivision, and inbreeding from 81,595 RADseq SNPs genotyped in 437 gray wolf samples from North America collected between 1986 and 2021. We found genetic structure across North America, represented by three distinct demographic histories of western, central, and eastern regions of the continent. Further, gray wolves in the northern Rocky Mountains have lower genomic diversity than wolves of the western Great Lakes and has declined over time. Effective population size estimates revealed the historical signatures of continental efforts of predator extermination, despite a quarter century of recovery efforts. We are the first to provide molecular estimates of effective population size across distinct gray wolf populations in North America, which ranged between Ne~141–226 since 1990. We provide data that informs managers regarding the status and importance of effective population size estimates for gray wolf conservation, which are on average 5.2–9.3% of census estimates for this species. We show that while gray wolves fall above minimum effective population sizes needed to avoid extinction due to inbreeding depression in the short term, they are below sizes predicted to avoid long-term risk of extinction.
Efficient removal of methylene blue and tetracycline hydrochloride with C60 /MIL-101(Fe) as a reusable photocatalyst under visible light
Authors: Zhou Zhuyou , Zou Congyang , Wang Yong , Liu Menghe , Ji Yufeng
Published: September 2023

In this work, the C60/MIL-101(Fe) composites were prepared by a one-step solvothermal synthesis method. The fabricated C60/MIL-101(Fe) composites exhibited higher activities than MIL-101(Fe) in degradation of methylene blue (MB) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) in photo-Fenton system, which was due to the charge transfer and separation promoted by the introduction of C60. The results indicated that C60/MIL-101(Fe) was capable of almost complete removal of TCH and MB with a wide pH range. The catalysts also exhibited excellent catalytic degradation on different organic pollutants and water samples. Finally, active substance quenching experiments and electron spin resonance (EPR) revealed that hydroxyl radical (•OH) plays a dominant role in photocatalytic reaction process.
Effect of a Semi-rigid Ankle Brace on the In Vivo Kinematics and Muscle Activity of Patients with Functional Ankle Instability During Simulated Ankle Sprain
Authors: Zhang Gonghao , Cao Shengxuan , Zha Chaochao , Zhang Guoning , Zhang Yangyang , Xiong Li , Huang Ping , Wang Chen , Zhang Chao , Ma Xin , Ji Yunhan
Published: September 2023

Background
Ankle braces can effectively decrease the incidence of recurrent ankle sprain; however, whether the brace can decrease the severity of sprain and its related mechanism during sprain remain unknown.
Methods
22 patients with functional ankle instability (FAI) (12 males and 10 females) and 16 healthy subjects (8 males and 8 females) were enrlled in this study. All of the subjects walked on a custom-built tilting platform that offered a 30° inversion to mimic the inversion of ankle sprain. We collected the kinematic and sEMG data of patients with FAI with or without ankle brace and normal controls six times.
Results
The FAI without brace group showed significantly higher maximum inversion angles and average inversion velocities than the control group (P < 0.001). The FAI with brace group revealed significantly lower maximum inversion angles and average inversion velocities than the FAI without brace group (P < 0.001); this group also showed significantly higher maximum external rotation angle and average external rotation velocities than the FAI with brace (P < 0.001) and control (P < 0.001) groups. The FAI with brace group indicated significantly lower average EMGPrep (P = 0.047), EMGTilt (P = 0.037), and EMGafterTilt (P = 0.004) of the peroneus longus (PL) than the FAI without brace group.
Conclusions
The ankle brace could effectively decrease inversion angles and their velocities and increase external rotation angles and their corresponding velocities during ankle sprain in patients with FAI. It could also decrease the activity of the PL muscle during ankle sprain.
Regional and cellular iron deposition patterns predict clinical subtypes of multiple system atrophy
Authors: Lee Seojin , Martinez-Valbuena Ivan , Lang Anthony E. , Kovacs Gabor G.
Published: September 2023

Background
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a primary oligodendroglial synucleinopathy, characterized by elevated iron burden in early-affected subcortical nuclei. Although neurotoxic effects of brain iron deposition and its reciprocal relationship with α-synuclein pathology have been demonstrated, the exact role of iron dysregulation in MSA pathogenesis is unknown. In this regard, advancing the understanding of iron dysregulation at the cellular level is critical, especially in relation to α-synuclein cytopathology.
Methods
We performed the first cell type (α-synuclein-affected and -unaffected neurons, astroglia, oligodendrocytes, and microglia)-specific evaluation of MSA iron deposition in the globus pallidus (GP), putamen, and the substantia nigra (SN), using a combination of iron staining with immunolabelling on human post-mortem MSA brains. We evaluated selective regional and cellular vulnerability patterns to iron deposition distinctly in MSA-parkinsonian (MSA-P) and cerebellar (MSA-C) subtypes and explored possible underlying molecular pathways by mRNA expression analysis of key iron- and the closely related oxygen-homeostatic genes.
Results
MSA-P and MSA-C showed a distinct pattern of regional iron burden across the subcortical nuclei. We identified microglia as the major cell type accumulating iron in these regions of MSA brains, which was more distinct in MSA-P. MSA-C showed a more heterogenous cellular iron accumulation, in which astroglia showed greater or similar accumulation of iron. Notably, iron deposition was found outside the cellular bodies in the same regions and cellular iron burden minimally correlated with α-synuclein cytopathology. Gene expression analysis revealed dysregulation of oxygen, rather than of cellular iron, homeostatic genes. Importantly, hierarchal cluster analysis revealed pattern of cellular vulnerability to iron accumulation, rather than of α-synuclein pathology load in the subtype-related systems, to distinguish MSA subtypes.
Conclusions
We identified distinct regional, and for the first time, cellular distribution of subcortical iron deposition in MSA-P and MSA-C, and revealed cellular vulnerability pattern to iron deposition as a novel neuropathological characteristic that predicts MSA subtypes, distinctly from α-synuclein pathology. These findings support the role of iron dysregulation as an early effector of disease pathology in MSA. Our findings suggesting distinct iron-related pathomechanisms in MSA subtypes inform current efforts in iron chelation therapies at the disease and cellular-specific levels.
Quick retreatment with plastic core obturators in curved canals: an in vitro study.
Authors: Gancedo-Gancedo Tania , Martín-Biedma Benjamín , Pereira-Lores Patricia , Martín-González Jenifer , Bello-Castro Alba , Tomás-Carmona Inmaculada , Castelo-Baz Pablo
Published: September 2023

Objectives
Non-surgical retreatment of plastic carrier obturators is complex and requires a superior working time. The aim of this study is to present a new retreatment technique and compare it in terms of safety and speed with a conventional method, in curved canals.
Methods
36 lower premolars were selected and sealed with plastic core obturators. Then, the samples were randomized into two retreatment groups. In both groups, nickel-titanium rotary instruments (Endogal, Sarria, Lugo, Spain) were used to remove the old filling material. In Group 0 (Direct technique) gutta-percha and plastic core were eliminated simultaneously. In Group 1 (Indirect technique), the plastic core was initially extracted with the aid of an ultrasonic tip and a Hedstroem file, and then, the surrounding gutta-percha was removed with rotary instruments.
Results
Time needed for retreatment procedures, plastic carrier fracture, ledge formation and apical transportation were significantly lower in Group 1 (P < 0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference between both groups in terms of remaining material and instrument fracture (P > 0.05). No perforations occurred.
Conclusions
The new indirect technique proved to be safer, since prior withdrawal of the plastic carrier reduces the stress exerted on the rotary instruments and facilitates its advance along the canal, and it also resulted in shorter working time than other previously described methods.
Clinical relevance:
The increased safety of the technique and the reduction in the retreatment time allows to increase the disinfection duration in cases where a complete removal of the old filling material is not achieved.
Distinct Rupture Processes on a Fault where M6-class Earthquakes Reoccurred in a Short Period: Analysis of the 2011 and 2016 Northern Ibaraki, Japan, Earthquakes using Near-field Waveforms
Authors: Hikima Kazuhito
Published: September 2023

Crustal earthquakes are generally recognized as having recurrence periods of more than 1000 years. However, in northern Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, two moderate-sized earthquakes occurred on almost the same fault plane in 2011 and 2016. Moreover, it has been reported that the slip distributions derived from crustal deformation data from these two events are almost identical. We performed near-field waveform inversion analysis to estimate the details of the spatiotemporal distribution of the co-seismic rupture. Our results reveal large slip areas during each earthquake at different locations across the bend of the fault plane. These results indicate that the shear stress of the fault area where the main slip occurred during the 2011 event was not rebuilt in such a short period, a phenomenon that had not previously been discussed for this sequence. Our results also suggest that the fault geometry affected such complex fault ruptures.