bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
16S rRNA gene metabarcoding reveals a potential metabolic role for intracellular bacteria in a major marine planktonic calcifier (Foraminifera)
Authors: Bird Clare , Darling Kate , Russell Ann , Davis Catherine , Fehrenbacher Jennifer , Free Andrew , Wyman Michael , Ngwenya Bryne
Published: November 2016

Abstract. We investigated the possibility of bacterial symbiosis in Globigerina bulloides, a palaeoceanographically important, planktonic foraminifer. This marine protist is commonly used in investigations of climatically sensitive subpolar and temperate water masses and wind driven upwelling regions of the world’s oceans. G. bulloides is unusual because it lacks the protist algal symbionts that are often found in other spinose species and has an atypical geochemical shell signature. This is suggestive of a divergent ecology, making it a good candidate for investigating the potential for bacterial symbiosis as a contributory factor in shell calcification. Such ecological information is essential to evaluate fully the potential response of G. bulloides to ocean acidification and climate change. To investigate the ecological interactions between G. bulloides and bacterial populations in the water column, 18S rRNA gene sequencing, fluorescence microscopy, 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed on individual specimens of G. bulloides (Type IId) collected from two locations in the California Current. Intracellular DNA extracted from five G. bulloides specimens was subjected to 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding and, remarkably, 37–87 % of all 16S rRNA gene sequences recovered were assigned to operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of the picocyanobacterium, Synechococcus. This finding was supported by TEM observations of intact Synechococcus cells in both the cytoplasm and vacuoles of G. bulloides. Concentrations were up to four orders of magnitude greater inside the foraminifera than those reported for the Californian Current water column and approximately 5 % of the intracellular Synechococcus cells observed were dividing. This suggests that Synechococcus is an endobiont of G. bulloides Type IId, which is the first report of a bacterial endobiont in the planktonic foraminifera. We consider the potential roles of Synechococcus and G. bulloides within the relationship and the need to determine how widespread the possible symbiotic association is within the widely distributed G. bulloides morphospecies. The possible influence of Synechococcus respiration on G. bulloides shell geochemistry is also discussed.
Multi-method assessment of reservoir effects on hydrological droughts in
an arid region
Authors: Rangecroft Sally , Van Loon Anne F. , Maureira Héctor , Verbist Koen , Hannah David M.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Increasing pressures on water resources in arid regions have led to their increased management and construction of dams; however, the impacts of these anthropogenic activities on hydrological droughts have yet to be incorporated and assessed. Here, the impact of the Santa Juana dam on hydrological drought characteristics downstream has been analysed in the Huasco basin in northern Chile. Two different methods of drought analysis, threshold level method and standardised indices, were applied to observed and modelled data. An upstream-downstream approach was taken for the observation data, analysing the "disturbed" (post-dam) period and the "undisturbed" (pre-dam) period to allow for an assessment of the onset of the significant anthropogenic activity on the hydrological regime. Modelled data from the Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) model generated a naturalised scenario and human-influenced scenario for similar analysis. Our findings show the characteristics of recent drought events in the basin (1965–2013). The reservoir is shown to help alleviate hydrological droughts by reducing frequency, duration and intensity of drought events, though it did not alleviate major multi-year drought events. A delay in timing of drought events has been observed also with the presence of the dam. The reliability of these different methods and approaches to quantify the impact of the dam are evaluated, with concluding recommendations that the threshold level method using an undisturbed threshold may be the most suitable. These findings show an applicable way forward with quantifying the human influence on hydrological droughts, a method that can be applied elsewhere, and on other human activities.
Monitoring the temperature-dependent elastic and anelastic properties in isotropic polycrystalline ice using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy
Authors: Vaughan Matthew J. , van Wijk Kasper , Prior David J. , Bowman M. Hamish
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The elastic and anelastic properties of ice are of interest in the study of the dynamics of sea ice, glaciers, and ice sheets. Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy allows quantitative estimates of these properties and aids calibration of active and passive seismic data gathered in the field. The elastic properties and anelastic quality factor Q in laboratory-manufactured polycrystalline isotropic ice cores decrease (reversibly) with increasing temperature, but compressional-wave speed and attenuation prove most sensitive to temperature, indicative of pre-melting of the ice. This method of resonant ultrasound spectroscopy can be deployed in the field, for those situations where shipping samples is difficult (e.g. remote locations), or where the properties of ice change rapidly after extraction (e.g. in the case of sea ice).
In situ continuous visible and near-infrared spectroscopy of an alpine snowpack
Authors: Dumont Marie , Arnaud Laurent , Picard Ghislain , Libois Quentin , Lejeune Yves , Nabat Pierre , Voisin Didier , Morin Samuel
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Snow spectral albedo in the visible/near-infrared range has been continuously measured during a winter season at Col de Porte alpine site (French Alps, 45.30° N, 5.77° E, 1325 m a.s.l.). The evolution of such alpine snowpack is complex due to intensive precipitation, rapid melt events and Saharan dust deposition outbreaks. This study highlights that the resulting intricated variations of spectral albedo can be successfully explained by variations of the following snow surface variables : snow specific surface area (SSA), effective light-absorbing impurities content, presence of liquid water and slope. The methodology developped in this study disantangles the effect of these parameters on snow spectral albedo. The presence of liquid water at the snow surface results in a spectral shift of the albedo from which melt events can be identified with an occurence of false detection rate lower than 3.5 %. Snow SSA mostly impacts spectral albedo in the near-infrared range. Impurity deposition mostly impacts the albedo in the visible range but this impact is very dependent on snow SSA and surface slope. Our work thus demonstrates that the SSA estimation from spectral albedo is affected by large uncertainties for a tilted snow surface and medium to high impurity contents and that the estimation of impurity content is also affected by large uncertainties, especially for low values below 50 ng g−1 black carbon equivalent. The proposed methodology opens routes for retrieval of SSA, impurity content, melt events and surface slope from spectral albedo. However, an exhaustive accuracy assessment of the snow parameters retrieval would require more independent in situ measurements and is beyond the scope of the present study. Such time series of snow spectral albedo nevertheless already provides a new insight into our understanding of the evolution of snow surface properties.
"Comunistas, judíos y demás ralea", de Pío Baroja. Nuevas aportaciones a su génesis, edición y recepción por los medios
Authors: García de Juan Miguel Ángel
Published: November 2016

Todavía en estos tiempos en que se ha aclarado y precisado la mayoría de los aspectos de la vida y obra de Pío Baroja se sigue incurriendo en errores por no acudir o no hacer caso a investigaciones más o menos recientes. Una falta de rigor que se comete con frecuencia es la referida a la fecha de publicación de la antología barojiana confeccionada y manipulada por José Ruiz Castillo Comunistas, judíos y demás ralea. Por tanto, en el presente artículo se aportan nuevos datos a los que ya se expusieron en el prólogo de Libertad frente a sumisión, Pío Baroja, 2001, que, extraídos de un rastreo más minucioso de la prensa de 1938, corroboran, precisan y amplían en mayor medida lo dicho allí: la salida a la luz de aquel libro de don Pío pasada la primera mitad del tercer año de la última guerra civil española. Uno de los aspectos que quieren destacarse en este artículo se refiere a que los medios republicanos prestaron más atención a la mencionada antología espuria de Pío Baroja para desacreditarla que los nacionales para promocionarla. De ello se desprende, una vez más, que don Pío no contó con la estimación de unos ni de otros ni se inclinó con convicción hacia ninguno bando, aunque tuviera que atravesar coyunturas enojosas para poder sobrevivir en momentos totalmente condicionados por la política y en medio de estrecheces económicas. Otro asunto destacable por su novedad tiene que ver con la más que probable principal causa de la existencia de Comunistas, judíos y demás ralea: las aludidas estrecheces económicas de Baroja, de las que también quiso obtener provecho pecuniario (y político) el que trazó el proyecto de su publicación, o sea, el editor José Ruiz Castillo.
Aportación a la historia del léxico del s. XVIII: análisis de las Obras de Mengs de D. José Nicolás de Azara
Authors: López Mora Pilar
Published: November 2016

A partir del estudio de las Obras de D. Antonio Rafael Mengs, primer pintor de Cámara del Rey, publicadas por D. José Nicolás de Azara a finales del siglo XVIII, la autora de esta investigación realiza, en primer lugar, una caracterización lexicológica de este tratado teórico-artístico, prestando especial atención al léxico propio del género al que pertenece. A continuación, se analizan los neologismos del siglo XVIII encontrados en el texto.
Simetrías del terrorismo en Ardor Guerrero (1995) y Plenilunio (1997), de Antonio Muñoz Molina
Authors: Martín de Marcos Gonzalo
Published: November 2016

El terrorismo etarra no ha recibido un tratamiento central en la narrativa española (salvo excepciones a comienzos del siglo XXI). Las novelas Ardor guerrero y Plenilunio, de Antonio Muñoz Molina, lo integran como elemento secundario mediante correspondencias con otros elementos principales. Así, adquiere relevancia de sentido y se convierte en objeto de reflexión moral indirecta. Mediante el análisis de la perspectiva narrativa, el espacio, los personajes y las secuencias narrativas, este artículo llama la atención sobre el hecho de que no se enjuicia el terrorismo directamente, sino que se le atribuyen juicios que sus términos de comparación sí reciben explícitamente. Por su equiparación con la violencia fascista, en el primer caso, y con la violencia común, en el segundo, estas novelas presentan una imagen crítica de ETA, que aparece como fuerza retrógrada frente a la democracia y como agente de terror. La narrativa contribuye, cuando aún no podía expresarse sin temor, al fin del terrorismo mediante sus recursos propios.
Fiesta y regozijo. Las fiestas de toros en España y su defensa en 1570
Authors: Santonja Gómez-Agero Gonzalo , Moreno Gallego Valentín
Published: November 2016

El objeto del artículo es comentar y editar un memorial presentado a instancias de la Monarquía Hispánica, datable en 1570, en defensa de las fiestas de toros. Su contexto es el de la prohibición pontificia de Pío V, mediante bula, en 1567. En el Archivo General de Simancas se halla el memorial en redacción primigenia y en el Archivo-Biblioteca Zabálburu (Madrid) la versión definitiva, para ser utilizada en Roma por el embajador hispano ante la corte papal. El documento está dirigido al doctor Juan López de Velasco. Estos aspectos, y otros, se analizan antes de editarse por primera vez, en su integridad, la versión completa del memorial tras editarse en 2012 la primigenia.
Internationalization of Chinese Born Global Companies: An analysis from Entrepreneurial Perspective
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Chen Rongyao , Wang Weibin
Published: November 2016

Faced with world economy development and global market integration, the concept of born global comes into being in the late 1980s and have raised great amount of scholars’ research interests and enthusiasm. Based on established born global research outcomes derived from developed nations, the paper explores the contributing factors of Chinese born global companies’ formation by centering on elements of entrepreneurship, niche market, international management background and networks research. In addition, the paper conducts an in-depth analysis of this distinct phenomenon through entrepreneur’s capabilities perspective. The research outcome indicates that entrepreneur’s capabilities including learning ability and networking ability have direct and positive impact on Chinese born global companies’ international activities. Besides, firm founders’ entrepreneurial orientation also plays the moderating role within that influence mechanism.
A Comparison of Jordanian Bankruptcy Models: Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network and Discriminant Analysis
Authors: Al-Hroot Yusuf Ali
Published: November 2016

The main purpose of this study is to develop and compare the classification accuracy of bankruptcy prediction models using the multilayer perceptron neural network, and discriminant analysis, for the industrial sector in Jordan. The models were developed using the ten popular financial ratios found to be useful in earlier studies and expected to predict bankruptcy. The study sample was divided into two samples; the original sample (n=14) for developing the two models and a hold-out sample (n=18) for testing the prediction of models for three years prior to bankruptcy during the period from 2000 to 2014.

The results indicated that there was a difference in prediction accuracy between models in two and three years prior to failure. The results indicated that the multilayer perceptron neural network model achieved a higher overall classification accuracy rate for all three years prior to bankruptcy than the discriminant analysis model. Furthermore, the prediction rate was 94.44% two years prior to bankruptcy using multilayer perceptron neural network model and 72.22% using the discriminant analysis model. This is a significant difference of 22.22%. On the other side, the prediction rate of 83.34% three years prior to bankruptcy using multilayer perceptron neural network model and 61.11% using discriminant analysis model. We indicate there was a difference exists of 22.23%. In addition, the multilayer perceptron neural network model provides in the ﬁrst two years prior to bankruptcy the lowest percentage of type I error.
Effect of the Antimicrobial Agents Addition on the Stability of Part-Baked Bread during Refrigerated Storage and on the Sensory Quality of Full-Baked Bread
Authors: Carrillo-Meza Alejandra , Altamirano-Fortoul Rossana , Bárcenas Maria Eugenia
Published: November 2016

Part-baked bread (PBB) is a product which offers advantages to producers and consumers. The lower cost of refrigeration in comparison with freezing makes it an interesting option to preserve the PBB. The main problem of PBB stored in refrigeration is the mold occurrence on its surface. The addition of an antimicrobial agent in the formulation of PBB capable to delay the proliferation of mold would help to extend its useful life. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of potassium sorbate in comparison with calcium propionate on the number of microorganisms of PBB stored in refrigeration, as well as on the sensory quality of full-baked bread obtained from PBB. From the tests performed it was observed that there were no molds on the surface of PBB with antimicrobial agents during 28 days of storage at 5ºC, while molds were on control PBB at 15 days of storage. It was also found that calcium propionate (0.16% flour basis) was more effective than potassium sorbate (0.16% flour basis) on delaying microorganisms growing. Addition of antimicrobial agents did not affect significantly the sensory attributes of bread obtained from PBB. However, the addition of propionate caused a decrease on the specific volume of bread.
Simultaneous Determination of Ursodeoxycholic Acid and Chenodeoxycholic Acid in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form by HPLC–UV Detection
Authors: Khairy Mostafa A , Mansour Fotouh R
Published: November 2016

A reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and the epimeric isomer, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), in their synthetic mixtures and in tablet dosage form. The proposed HPLC method uses a C18 column and mobile phase consisting of an acetonitrile–phosphate buffer mixture (pH 2.3, 100 mM; 50 + 50, v/v) at a flow rate of 2.0 mL/min with UV detection at 210 nm. The method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines; and linearity, range,accuracy, precision, robustness,and system suitability were studied. The LOD and LOQ were also calculated and found to be 1.23 and 3.73 μg/mL for UDCA and 0.83 and 2.52 μg/mL for CDCA, respectively. The method was adapted for UHPLC, in which baseline separation was achieved in <2.5 min. The assay results of Ursomix tablets by the developed method were statistically compared with those obtained by the reference method using t- and F-tests, and no significant differences were observed.
Evaluation of 3M Molecular Detection Assay (MDA) 2–Listeria for the Detection of Listeria Species in Select Foods and Environmental Surfaces: Collaborative Study, First Action 2016.07
Authors: Bird Patrick , Flannery Jonathan , Crowley Erin , Agin James , Goins David , Monteroso Lisa ,   Collaborators:, Barnes C , Bastin B , Baumler D , Bosco D , Brandt A , Brooks R , Budge E , Calle A , Campos D , Chavarria C , Diaz Proano C , Geurin Z , Gies C , Hernandez F , Isfort D , Lopez C , Ma L , Maranan E , Metz Z , Miller J , Repeck A , Schindler B , Shekhawat M , Sjogren E , Smith R , Timmons C , Trevino G , Walia J , Wood D , Zook C
Published: November 2016

3M Molecular Detection Assay (MDA) 2–Listeria uses loop-mediated isothermal amplification and bioluminescence detection to rapidly detect Listeria species in a broad range of food types and environmental surfaces. Using an unpaired study design, MDA 2–Listeria was compared with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service's Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook Chapter 8.09 “Isolation and identification of Listeria monocytogenes from red meat, poultry and egg products, and environmental samples” reference method for the detection of Listeria in deli turkey and raw chicken breast fillet. Technicians from 13 laboratories located within the continental United States and Canada participated in the collaborative study. Each matrix was evaluated at three levels of contamination: uninoculated control (0 CFU/test portion), low inoculum (0.2–2 CFU/test portion), and high inoculum (2–5 CFU/test portion). Statistical analysis was conducted according to the probability of detection (POD) statistical model. Results obtained for the low-inoculum-level test portions produced a difference between two laboratory POD values (dLPOD) with 95% confidence intervals of 0.04 (–0.08, 0.17) for deli turkey, indicating the difference between the methods was not statistically significant at the P = 0.05. For raw chicken breast fillet, a dLPOD value with 95% confidence interval of 0.16 (0.04, 0.28) indicated a statistically significant difference between the two methods, with an observed higher proportion of positive results by the candidate method than the reference method.
Phototrophic microflora colonizing substrates of man-made origin in Billefjorden Region, Central Svalbard
Authors: Raabová Lenka , Elster Josef , Kováčik Ľubomír
Published: November 2016

Substrates created by human have a significant impact on Arctic terrestrial environment. These substrates are new potential niche for microbial biota, which may have several essential chemical agents supporting microbial growth. Wood, concrete, brick, ceramic and other different building materials, which have been introduced by human in this iso-lated environment, are colonized with terrestrial and aero-terrestrial microorganisms living in the natural niches near the substrates like soil, rocks, etc., but these materials newly-introduced to Svalbard terrestrial ecosystems can also work as vectors for invasion of new species into the environment. We have collected different types of artificial substrates mainly in the region of Petuniabukta bay and studied the species composition of microbial phototrophs living there. A total of 25 taxa of cyanobacteria and algae were documented on different types of substrates like brick walls, concrete, glass, iron, wood and plastic. A commonality in species diversity was observed with similar substrates in temperate climatic regions. Fottea stichococcoides, Sphaerococcomyxa olivacea, Polysphaera composita and Diplosphaera chodatii were first time recorded from Svalbard Archipelago.
Satellite tagging and seasonal distribution of harp seal (juveniles) of the w hite sea-Barents sea stock
Authors: Svetochev Vladislav Nikolaevich , Kavtsevich Nikolay Nikolaevich , Svetocheva Olga Nagimovna
Published: November 2016

Harp seal pups (4 ind.) were caught and marked with satellite telemetry transmitters (STT) in the White Sea in March-April 2010, the average tenure of STT was 226 ± 51.7 (103.6) days. In April the seals on the growth stage of "beater" left the White Sea on the drifting ice. In the Barents Sea the seals migrated north through the eastern part of the Barents Sea. Seals came to the northernmost point of their migration route, i.e. edge of the pack ice in the August – October period. One seal came out to the Greenland Sea. Seals’ return migration was in winter along the Novaya Zemlya to the south-eastern part of the Barents Sea. Result data of marking showed harp seal juveniles during the first seasonal migration may leave the traditional feeding areas, and during the return migration may not come to molt to the White Sea. According to satellite telemetry data the Czech Bay (Barents Sea) can be one of the molt areas of harp seal juveniles.
Dehydration-induced responses of primary photosynthetic processes and spectral reflectance indices in Antarctic Nostoc commune
Authors: Barták Miloš , Hazdrová Jana , Skácelová Kateřina , Hájek Josef
Published: November 2016

In this study, we investigated the relationship between relative water content (RWC) of N. commune colonies recorded during gradual dehydration and (i) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), (ii) photochemical reflectance index (PRI), and (iii) primary photochemical processes of photosynthesis, effective quantum yield of photosynthetic processes (FPSII) in photosystem II particular. PRI increased from -0.05 to 0.02 with RWC decrease from 100% (full hydration) to 0% (dry state). NDVI showed somewhat curvilinear relationship with desiccation with minimum value of 0.25 found at 10% RWC. Negative effect of suprasaturation of N. commune colony with water on effective quantum yield (FPSII) was found at RWC range 80-100%. At the RWC range, FPSII reached only 50 % of maximum found at RWC of 30%. In general, desiccation-response curve of showed polyphasic character with three main phases (phase I – constant FPSII values, phase II – an increase with desiccation at RWC 80-30%, and phase III – sigmoidal decrease with desiccation at RWC 0-30%). Non-photochemical quenching (qN) of absorbed light energy showed triphasic dependence on RWC as well. qN showed constant values in the phase I, an increase (phase II), and constant values at severe dehydration (phase III).
Rivelare e Tacere
Authors: Albano Emmanuel ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: November 2016

The article aims at investigating in depth the idea of revelation expressed in the works of Clement of Alexandria. In particular, it focuses on the biblical-philosophical foundations; namely, how Clement, starting from an openness to the Greek cultural world, incorporates Greek philosophy into Christian revelation, albeit with some variations, thus making it part and parcel of his way of under-standing the relationship between Holy Scripture and Tradition.
L’immagine musicale nelle Enarrationes in Psalmos di Agostino
Authors: Grossi Vittorino ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: November 2016

This article regarding musical language and its interaction with affective theology according to the study carried out by Laurence Wuidar (La Simbologia musicale nei Commenti ai salmi di Agostino, Mimesis 11, Milano - Udine 2014, 127) explains musical images in relation to inner images, as in the Commentaries on the Psalms by Augustine of Hippo. By combining beauty and love, the Augustinian coordinates for the singing of Psalms as a perception of a love received as a gift and of a response composed of a love which expresses itself by “singing well” leads to an interaction between musical language and affective theology, the latter being one of the privileged sources of the former. When developing the relationship between musical language and feelings, Augustine works out with regard to the singing of Psalms, a form of Christian paideia which in turn becomes a locus theologicus of affective theology, the story of God’s love for human beings set to music.
Cyprian’s Use of Philippians
Authors: Murphy Edwina ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: November 2016

Cyprian’s appropriation of Scripture and his theological emphases are closely connected with the circumstances of his congregation. As a case study in Cyprian’s biblical interpretation, this article considers all his quotations of and allusions to Philippians through the lens of his pastoral concerns: the unity of the Church; care for the poor and captive; discipline and repentance; and divine truth and eternal glory. The reading strategies Cyprian uses can be categorized as contextual exegesis, model, image, direct application, and prophetic fulfilment. The study provides a fresh perspective on patronage and almsgiving in Cyprian, deepens our understanding of the reception of Paul, and elucidates the interplay of text, context and theology in an important exponent of early Latin exegesis.
La Vita di Macrina e le Omelie sul Cantico dei Cantici di Gregorio di Nissa
Authors: Franchi Roberta ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: November 2016

This article analyzes the Life of Macrina by comparing it with the mystical experience of the bride in the Commentary on the Song of Songs, both works written by Gregory of Nyssa. In the Life of Macrina, Gregory adopts the same imagery that he uses to portray the bride in the Commentary on the Song of Songs in order to emphasize Macrina’s angelic status and her pure love for God. Although scholars have pointed out the value of virginity in the life of Macrina, another aspect has to be taken into account: her spousal virginity. Since Gregory uses the paradox within theological reflection and a theological context, Macrina's condition as bride of Christ comes to be realized paradoxically through her choice of virginity. Thanks to her spousal virginity, she joins Christ as His bride. Thus, in keeping with the Commentary on the Song of Songs, Macrina is the bride, Christ is the Bridegroom, and the mystical union is reached.
As webséries enquanto campo de estudo da Narratologia
Authors: Hergesel João Paulo
Published: November 2016

Neste artigo, pretendeu-se discutir a websérie como narrativa midiática e ressaltar a possibilidade de transformação do signo prosaico em comunicação passível de suscetibilidade. Para que isso ocorresse, fez-se uma revisão teórica do histórico das webséries e das categorias da narrativa e, posteriormente, uma discussão do conceito de narrativa midiática embasado pela Comunicação e pela Cultura.Palavras-chave: Comunicação e Linguagem. Linguística Textual. Narrativas midiáticas. Webséries.The web series as a field of study in NarratologyAbstract: In this paper, it was intended to discuss web series as media narrative and to emphasize the possibilities of transformation from the prosaic sign into susceptible communication. For that, it was made a theoretical review of the web series’ history and the categories of narrative, and then, a discussion about the concept on media narrative, grounded for Communication and Culture.Keywords: Communication and Language. Textual Linguistics. Media Narratives. Web series.Las series web como un campo de estudio de la NarratologíaResumen: En este trabajo se pretendió discutir las series web como narrativa en media y hacer hincapié en la posibilidad de transformar el signo prosaico en comunicación susceptible. Para que eso tuviera éxito se hizo una revisión teórica de la historia de las series web y de las categorías narrativas y luego una discusión sobre el concepto de narrativa en media con base en la Comunicación y en la Cultura.Palabras clave: Comunicación y Lenguaje. Lenguaje Textual. Narrativas en media. Series web.
Diálogos entre o cinema e outras formas de expressão artística: uma reflexão acerca das adaptações cinematográficas
Authors: Fantoni Andressa , Pase André Fagundes
Published: November 2016

O artigo discute as adaptações cinematográficas a partir de obras de arte da literatura, música, teatro, entre outras, considerando a tradicional crítica ao caráter impuro do cinema. Traz-se a fala dos teóricos Badiou, Bazin e Stam, em uma tentativa de confrontar tal perspectiva. Sugere-se que as adaptações cinematográficas não sejam avaliadas em termos de “fidelidade”, mas através de uma perspectiva que contempla o caráter intertextual dessa arte.Palavras chave: Comunicação; Cinema; Cinema impuro; AdaptaçõesDialogues between cinema and other forms of artistic expression: a reflection about film adaptationsAbstract: The article discusses film adaptations from literature, music and theater works of art, among others, considering the traditional criticism of the impure nature of cinema. It brings up the speech of Badiou, Bazin and Stam, in an attempt to confront such a perspective. It is suggested that the film adaptations are not assessed in terms of "truth", but through a perspective that considers the intertextual nature of this art.Keywords: Communication; Cinema; Impure cinema; Adaptations.Diálogos entre el cine y otras formas de expresión artística: una reflexión sobre las adaptaciones cinematográficasResumen: El artículo analiza las adaptaciones cinematográficas de obras de arte de literatura, música, teatro, entre otros, teniendo en cuenta la crítica tradicional de la naturaleza impura de cine. Se trae a colación el discurso de Badiou, Bazin y Stam, en un intento de hacer frente a esta perspectiva. Se sugiere que las adaptaciones cinematográficas no se evalúan en términos de "verdad", sino a través de una perspectiva que considera la naturaleza intertextual de este arte.Palabras clave: Comunicación; Cine; Cine impuro; Adaptaciones.
Recorrências e convergências do imaginário: o dilúvio mítico como matriz imaginal de identidade local após uma enchente
Authors: Moraes Heloisa Juncklaus Preis
Published: November 2016

O  presente artigo apresenta, sob o enfoque do imaginário, uma análise da narrativa de moradores de Tubarão, Santa Catarina, sobre a presença do mito, especialmente do dilúvio, em relação à grande enchente de 1974. Tal fato configura-se, pelos relatos, em marcas de uma “cultura da enchente”, que cria traços de identidade local e marcas de pertencimento. Como mostraremos, a comunidade se reconhece por uma narrativa mítica, épica e inacabada.Palavras-chave: Imaginário; mito; enchente; dilúvio; pertencimento. Recurrences and imaginary convergences: the flood mythical as i maginal array of lo cal identity after a floodAbstract: This article presents under the imaginary focus, an analysis of the narrative Tubarão´s residents, Santa Catarina, on the presence of the myth , especially the flood, in relation to the great flood of 1974. This fact is configured, by reports, in marks of a "culture of the flood", which creates traces of local identity and belonging brands. As we will show, the community is recognized by a mythical narrative, epic and unfinished.Key-words: Imaginary; myth; flood; belonging. Las recurrencias y convergencias del imaginario: la  inundación mítica como matriz imaginal de la identidad local después de una inundaciónResumen: En este artículo se presenta bajo el foco imaginario, un análisis de las narrativas de los residentes de Tubarão , Santa Catarina , en la presencia del mito , especialmente la inundación , en relación con la gran inundación de 1974. Este hecho se configura, por los informes, en las marcas de una "cultura de la inundación", que crea huellas de identidad local y marcas que pertenecen. Como se verá, la comunidad es reconocida por una narración mítica, épica y inconclusa.Palabras-clave: Imaginario ; mito ; inundación; pertenencia.
Conseils Aux Voyagers: reflexões sobre a utilização da comunicação digital no processo de construção do imaginário turísitico de estrangeiros no Brasil
Authors: Brandt Grazielle Betina , Horlle Analu Schmitz Horlle , Moreira Elizabeth Huber Moreira
Published: November 2016

Este artigo  busca analisar, por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa, os conteúdos comunicacionais do portal institucional Voyage.gc.ca. A análise os dados analisados revelam que a violência e criminalidade urbana, assim como  a figura estereotipada do malandro brasileiro são os principais objetos de informação divulgadas pelo governo canadense para turistas com destino ao BrasilPalavras-chave: comunicação digital; imaginário turístico; estrangeiros. Conseils Aux Voyagers: reflections on the use of digital communication in the process of construction of the tourist imaginary of foreigners in BrazilAbstract: This article aims to analyze, through a qualitative approach, the content of the communication items in the institutional website Voyage.gc.ca. The data analyzed reveal that violence and urban crime, as well as the stereotypical image of the "malandro (rogue)" are the main information propagated by the Canadian government to the tourist travelling to Brazil.Key words: digital communication; tourist imaginary; foreign. Conseils Aux Voyagers: reflexiones sobre el uso de comunicación digital en el proceso de construcción del imaginario turístico de los extranjeros en BrasilResumen: En este artículo se pretende analizar, a través de un enfoque cualitativo, el contenido comunicacional de Voyage.gc.ca portal institucional. Los datos del análisis analizadas demuestran que la violencia y la delincuencia urbana, así como la figura estereotipada del tramposo de Brasil son los principales objetos de información dadas a conocer por el gobierno de Canadá para los turistas a Brasil.Palavras-chave: comunicação digital; imaginário turístico; extranjero.
Flint Water Crisis: What Happened and Why?
Authors: Masten Susan J. , Davies Simon H. , Mcelmurry Shawn P.
Published: November 2016

The Flint River is a variable water source and thus a challenge to treat; oversights and missteps combined with inherent chemical conditions set the stage for the historic water crisis in Flint, Mich.
Historicité des études typologiques en alcoologie
Authors: Fortin Marilyn
Published: November 2016

Différentes manières de boire l’alcool sont perceptibles et différentes manières de concevoir la consommation d’alcool le sont également. Afin de « départager » ou « distinguer » les individus et groupes sociaux selon leur pratique de boire, différentes approches conceptuelles ont été utilisées à travers les époques, proposant des classifications des buveurs et buveuses en grands types. Un « type » est une conception abstraite qui regroupe et distingue les sujets ou les objets à partir de traits qu’ils ont en commun. En alcoologie, certaines typologies visent précisément à distinguer les buveurs problématiques ou pathologiques des buveurs non problématiques ou non pathologiques. D’autres typologies visent plutôt à distinguer les sociétés en fonction des pratiques de boire dominantes dans la population. Afin de souligner la contribution de chercheurs d’horizons d’études divers au développement de typologies en alcoologie et d’exposer l’historicité d’un domaine de recherche multidisciplinaire, ce texte fait état des connaissances des recherches typologiques du XXe et XXIe siècle des approches pathologiques et socioculturelles afin d’ouvrir la discussion sur les défis futurs en alcoologie des populations.
Contrôle des drogues et mondialisation : enjeux et limites de la régulation internationale
Authors: Quirion Bastien
Published: November 2016

L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser la question de l’internationalisation du contrôle des drogues, en insistant tout particulièrement sur les enjeux et les limites inhérents à la souveraineté des États nationaux en matière de droit pénal et de politiques publiques. Dans un premier temps, nous brossons un portrait du contexte dans lequel s’est développé le régime prohibitionniste sur le plan international. Nous insistons en particulier sur la façon par laquelle la question des drogues fut problématisée dans une perspective mondialisée, justifiant par le fait même la nécessité de se doter de mécanismes de régulation dont la portée soit globale. Nous analysons ensuite les conséquences et les enjeux de cette internationalisation des contrôles, en particulier en ce qui concerne le principe de la souveraineté des États, pour ensuite décrire les principales manifestations de cette apparente mondialisation des mécanismes de contrôle. À la lumière des principaux enjeux soulevés par l’internationalisation du contrôle des drogues, nous constatons que les États nationaux demeurent relativement autonomes en ce qui concerne l’instauration des normes en droit interne. Il s’exerce bien sûr des pressions sur la scène internationale pour que ces pays adhèrent plus intensément au régime prohibitionniste, mais dans les faits le principe de souveraineté les protège contre une ingérence indue des agences internationales de contrôle. Il n’existerait donc pas de mondialisation des mesures de contrôle qui se manifesterait par une multiplication des foyers de production des normes pénales au-dessus des États. On constate plutôt une internationalisation des contrôles qui prendrait davantage la forme de collaborations et d’ententes multilatérales entre les différents acteurs nationaux.
Dopage et mondialisation financière du sport : ce que nous apprend l’analyse économique !
Authors: Bourg Jean-François
Published: November 2016

Cet article présente une contribution de la science économique à la compréhension du dopage dans le sport professionnel, ce dernier s’étant recomposé autour des valeurs du système libéral, productiviste et globalisé contemporain. Ainsi, nous tentons de répondre à trois interrogations. Pourquoi se dope-t-on ? Quelles sont les caractéristiques du marché mondial des substances dopantes ? Pour quelles raisons le dopage se développe-t-il malgré la mise en oeuvre de politiques internationales de contrôle et de répression inédites ?

La complexité de ce phénomène justifie le recours à plusieurs corpus. Selon la théorie du crime, une conduite dopante relève d’une décision individuelle et rationnelle prise en fonction des avantages et des coûts attendus. La théorie des jeux vise à dépasser ce strict calcul en intégrant les interactions stratégiques entre les sportifs qui déterminent leurs choix : ne pas se doper, se doper de façon prudente ou risquée, etc. Toutefois, lorsque le dopage devient systémique, seule l’approche institutionnaliste permet de prendre en compte les pratiques collectives.

L’ampleur du dopage a augmenté avec la mondialisation économique du sport à partir des années 1990. L’essor de ce marché lucratif a été favorisé par une croissance rapide du chiffre d’affaires du secteur « sport », une valorisation de la performance, une forte évolution de la pharmacopée et une révolution des ventes par Internet. L’offre de dopage repose sur une spécialisation internationale du travail entre pays (production, transit, hébergement de sites de commercialisation, consommation). L’évaluation de la demande et des flux financiers qui en découlent souligne l’importance de cette industrie souterraine.

En dépit de la création de nouvelles institutions et procédures ad hoc (agences mondiales et nationales antidopage, code mondial antidopage), le dopage ne semble pas régresser. Une crise des finalités du sport de compétition, une défaillance de la gouvernance du sport mondial et un déficit de régulation de ses dérives expliquent cet échec. Un tel constat rend nécessaire la refondation du système sportif international et l’émergence d’une instance de lutte contre le dopage totalement indépendante du pouvoir sportif.
Activity of the C. elegans egg-laying behavior circuit is controlled by competing activation and feedback inhibition
Authors: Collins Kevin M , Bode Addys , Fernandez Robert W , Tanis Jessica E , Brewer Jacob C , Creamer Matthew S , Koelle Michael R
Published: November 2016

Like many behaviors, Caenorhabditis elegans egg laying alternates between inactive and active states. To understand how the underlying neural circuit turns the behavior on and off, we optically recorded circuit activity in behaving animals while manipulating circuit function using mutations, optogenetics, and drugs. In the active state, the circuit shows rhythmic activity phased with the body bends of locomotion. The serotonergic HSN command neurons initiate the active state, but accumulation of unlaid eggs also promotes the active state independent of the HSNs. The cholinergic VC motor neurons slow locomotion during egg-laying muscle contraction and egg release. The uv1 neuroendocrine cells mechanically sense passage of eggs through the vulva and release tyramine to inhibit egg laying, in part via the LGC-55 tyramine-gated Cl- channel on the HSNs. Our results identify discrete signals that entrain or detach the circuit from the locomotion central pattern generator to produce active and inactive states.
Ibsen in Russia Revisited: The Ibsenian Legacy in the Writings of the Russian Symbolist Andrey Bely
Authors: Helle Lillian Jorunn
Published: November 2016

The intellectual atmosphere of Russian fin de siècle was characterized by a strong fascination for Norway, its nature, its culture and its literature. A good example is Henrik Ibsen who was a significant source of inspiration for Russian dramatists, writers and poets. The Russian symbolists in particular saw Ibsen as a tutelary spirit and not least the “younger” symbolist Andrey Bely regarded his works and thoughts as a prefiguration and a foreshadowing of his own. Ibsen was important to Bely through all his various stages of intellectual, artistic and spiritual seeking and in accordance with Bely’s highly interpretative, hermeneutical approach to the world, in which everything he experienced was transformed to confirm his own symbolist Weltanschauung, also Ibsen was transformed in much the same manner. And the very intriguing way in which Bely rewrites the Norwegian playwright into his own writings will be the main topic of this article, illustrating how the Russian symbolist refigures the Norwegian dramatist to make him fit into his own continuous search for new and meaningful perspectives and positions. Moreover and even still more remarkable, this search convincingly demonstrates how the Ibsenian legacy throughout the many different phases of Bely’s creative development keeps it crucial place within Bely’s life cycle, thereby establishing a most interesting thread in the complex web of Ibsen’s Wirkungsgeschichte.
Transmission-type plasmonic sensor for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Yanagisawa Masahiro , Saito Mikiko , Kunimoto Masahiro , Homma Takayuki
Published: November 2016

We present a novel optical device for the analysis of chemical surface properties utilizing surface-enhanced Raman scattering. The device, a transmission-type plasmonic sensor (TPS), offers the advantages of high sensitivity, nondestructive sample characterization, simple setup, and low-cost fabrication. The TPS is composed of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) deposited on a convex quartz glass substrate. The enhanced Raman spectrum is acquired by focusing a laser beam perpendicular to the sample surface through the substrate. The laser beam generates plasmon polarization in droplet-shaped Ag NPs at the sensor/sample interface. Our results indicate the potential of the device as a versatile surface-analytical tool.
En alternativ læringsarena
Authors: Larsen Anne Karin
Published: November 2016

Interessen for pedagogisk entreprenørskap og samarbeid med eksterne aktører har vært økende de siste årene. Den videregående skolen er åpen for alle elever med ulike læreforutsetninger. Yrkesfaglærerne møter derfor store utfordringer knyttet til elevers interesse og motivasjon.Artikkelen handler om et samarbeid mellom en liten sosial entreprenørbedrift og et yrkesfaglig utdanningsprogram på en videregående skole i Midt-Norge. Studien belyser problemstillingen: Bidrar en alternativ læringsarena, der yrkesfaglærer og sosiale entreprenører samarbeider, til økt motivasjon hos elever? I så fall, hvordan?Basert på data fra en saksstudie ser artikkelen nærmere på et samarbeid mellom en yrkesfaglærer og en arbeidsleder i en sosial entreprenørbedrift. Studien har en kvalitativ tilnærming basert på et strukturert litteratursøk, to dybdeintervjuer med yrkesfaglæreren og arbeidslederen, og analyse av et utviklingsarbeid utført av en yrkesfaglærer.Resultatet viser at elevene tok tydelig ansvar for egen læring i sitt arbeid hos den sosiale entreprenøren, men dette påvirket ikke deres fremmøte på skolen. De fortsatte med den tidligere observerte passive adferden, og uteble fra deler av undervisningen. Basert på studiens funn konkluderes det med at forankring og en felles forståelse for læringsprosessen kan oppfattes som en mulig suksessfaktorer. Det anbefales at utvikling av samarbeidskompetanse mellom lærer og bedrift vektlegges i stor grad i yrkesfaglærerutdanningen.
PRESENÇA DE Escherichia coli PRODUTORA DE BETA-LACTAMASE DE ESPECTRO ESTENDIDO EM ALIMENTOS: ESTUDO PROSPECTIVO
Authors: Leite Aline Batista , Guimarães Alaíse Gil
Published: November 2016

E. coli é um dos micro-organismos mais frequentemente envolvidos em surtos de doenças veiculadas por alimentos no Brasil, e um de seus principais mecanismos de resistência antimicrobiana é a produção da enzima beta-lactamase de espectro estendido (ESBL). Estudos demonstraram que essa enzima está cada vez mais presente no ambiente hospitalar e que o trato gastrointestinal de pacientes e animais podem ser importantes reservatórios de bactérias produtoras de ESBL. No Brasil, no entanto, pouco se publicou sobre o possível papel da cadeia alimentar na transferência desses genes para a microbiota residente do homem. Esse artigo objetiva realizar uma prospecção dos trabalhos científicos já publicados a respeito da presença de E. coli produtora de ESBL em alimentos, a fim de discutir o potencial e o desenvolvimento dos estudos sobre a transmissão desses genes de resistência por meio da cadeia alimentar.
Simultaneous generation of multi‐gene knockouts in human cells
Authors: Zhou Yuexin , Zhang Hongmin , Wei Wensheng
Published: November 2016

Genome‐editing techniques enable the generation of gene knockouts in various mammalian cell lines. However, it remains technically challenging to completely disrupt a targeted gene using a canonical method in a timely manner. To improve the efficiency of producing reliable genomic modifications, we designed a method using a linear donor fragment containing a reporter system. Combined with a homologous recombination‐independent knock‐in strategy, we successfully enriched those cell clones that specifically carry the target gene mutations. We observed a much improved success rate when generating single‐ and multiple‐gene knockouts in a one‐step procedure using this special protocol coupled with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. This new approach further empowers the molecular biological study of genes and their functions.