bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes of contemporary drug‐eluting stents in patients with and without diabetes mellitus: Multigroup propensity‐score analysis using data from stent‐specific, multicenter, prospective registries
Authors: Kwon Osung , Lee Jung‐Bok , Ahn Jung‐Min , Kang Soo‐Jin , Lee Seung‐Whan , Kim Young‐Hak , Lee Cheol Whan , Park Seong‐Wook , Park Duk‐Woo , Park Seung‐Jung ,   for the IRIS‐DES Registry Investigators
Published: September 2019

Background

Whether the diabetic status differentially affects the clinical outcomes with different drug‐eluting stents (DES) has been controversial.

Methods and Results

From stent‐specific, prospective DES registries, we evaluated 17,184 patients (11,428 in non‐diabetics and 5,756 in diabetics) who received several contemporary DES: 3570 sirolimus‐eluting stents (SES), 5,023 cobalt‐chromium everolimus‐eluting stents (CoCr‐EES), 2,985 platinum‐chromium EES (PtCr‐EES), 2,913 Resolute zotarolimus‐eluting stents (Re‐ZES), and 2,693 biodegradable‐polymer biolimus‐eluting stents (BP‐BES). The primary outcome was patient‐oriented composite endpoint (POCE, a composite of all‐cause death, any myocardial infarction, and any revascularization) at 3‐year follow‐up and target‐vessel failure (a composite of cardiac death, target‐vessel myocardial infarction, and target‐vessel revascularization) at 3 years was also evaluated. In non‐diabetics, the rates of POCE were not significantly different (CoCr‐EES 14.3%, PtCr‐EES 13.0%, Re‐ZES 14.3%, BP‐BES 13.4%, and SES 14.6%; overall p = .39). In diabetics, similar results were revealed (CoCr‐EES 18.4%, PtCr‐EES 20.3%, Re‐ZES 17.3%, BP‐BES 17.7%, and SES 17.8%; overall p = .44). In multiple treatment propensity‐score weighting analysis, regardless of the diabetic status, the hazard ratios for POCE between‐individual comparison were similar. Target‐vessel failure (a composite of cardiac death, target‐vessel myocardial infarction, and target‐vessel revascularization) was also comparable except the higher ratio of Re‐ZES than PtCr‐EES (hazard ratio 1.25, 1.26, 95% confidence interval 1.00–1.55, p = .048) in patients without diabetes.

Conclusions

In this clinical‐practice registry study, regardless the diabetic status, the 3‐year rates of the primary outcome were similar among different types of DES, suggesting no differential clinical response between contemporary DES in patients with or without diabetes.
Fabrication of Pd/SiO2 with Controllable Wettability for Enhanced Catalytic Hydrogenation Activity at Ambient H2 Pressure
Authors: Yang Yanliang , Xie Yanfu , Zhang Jun , Li Dongmi , Deng Dongsheng , Duan Ying
Published: September 2019

The wettability had great influence on the catalytic performance of heterogeneous catalyst. In this manuscript, relationship between wettability and catalytic performance was studied by the preparation of Pd/SiO2 with controllable wettability employing surface‐bonded vinyl as the reductant. The surface‐bonded vinyl ensured the reduction of PdCl2 on the hydrophobic surface of SiO2 to afford the hydrophobic Pd/SiO2. The wettability of the catalysts could be adjusted by changing the content of phenyl on the surface. The catalysts were characterized by solid‐state CP/MAS NMR, TEM, HRTEM, XPS, XRD and ICP‐AES as well as water droplet contact angles. The catalysts showed zero‐order kinetics for the hydrogenation of styrene under mild conditions. The activation energy for this reaction was measured by the Arrhenius formula. The wettability was proved to influence the reaction activity by changing the activation energy. The increase in hydrophobicity led to higher activity by decreasing the activation energy for hydrogenation of styrene to ethylbenzene.
Profiles of High School Students’ STEM Career Aspirations
Authors: Edwin Mary , Prescod Diandra J. , Bryan Julia
Published: September 2019

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields have a need for recruiting and retaining a diverse workforce. Understanding students’ aspiration to STEM careers is important for supporting underrepresented populations. Data from a nationally representative sample (N = 20,010) of high school students who reported career aspirations were analyzed. Analyses revealed significant relations between students’ aspirations and demographic variables, and differences in aspirations based on students’ race and gender. Findings highlight a need for counselors to implement career interventions that address students’ cultural contexts.
Using Values‐Based Webinar Interventions to Facilitate Career‐Life Exploration and Planning
Authors: Thul‐Sigler Amy , Colozzi Edward Anthony
Published: September 2019

Using a quasi‐experimental design, the authors examined whether career indecision could be reduced by participation in a values‐based career webinar designed to translate various types of psychological data (e.g., Holland‐type themes) into values‐based language. Participants (N = 67; 36 women, 31 men; mean age = 36 years) were divided into 1 control and 2 treatment groups. The 1st treatment group received an interest‐based intervention. The 2nd received a values‐based intervention. Both interventions consisted of 1 additional webinar spanning 1 hour in length. This study demonstrated a statistical significance of career indecision decrease through use of the values‐based, process‐oriented webinar intervention, which is particularly helpful to career counselors working with adults. The study also illustrated the effective application of online technology as a service delivery tool. Future research might examine the efficacy of this intervention in a variety of settings (e.g., K–12, postsecondary, agency, mental health, corporate).
Study on Soybean Oil Plant Wastewater Treatment Using the Electro‐Fenton Technique
Authors: Davarnejad Reza , Sabzehei Meysam , Parvizi Fatemeh , Heidari Saeid , Rashidi Asma
Published: September 2019

Due to its low viscosity, soybean oil is commonly used as edible oil. Its production is accompanied by a large amount of wastewater containing hazardous materials like phenolic compounds. In this study, the electro‐Fenton process with response surface methodology was applied for oil removal from wastewater of soybean oil plants. Five independent variables, including reaction time, pH, current density, molar ratio of H2O2 to Fe2+, and volume fraction of H2O2 to wastewater, were investigated for their effects on oil removal. The significant independent variables were optimized by the Box‐Behnken design. The optimum conditions were statistically obtained, and the results were confirmed by experiment. 92.66 % oil removal were experimentally found for the optimum conditions.
Value creation in privately held family businesses: The moderating role of socioemotional wealth
Authors: Martínez‐Romero María J. , Rojo‐Ramírez Alfonso A. , Casado‐Belmonte María del Pilar
Published: September 2019

This article examines value creation (VC) in the context of privately held family businesses using a value‐based management approach. Namely, this paper assesses the influence of five value drivers (operating profit margin, sales growth, income tax rate, investment rate, and leverage) on the VC of family firms, considering the moderating effect of socioemotional wealth (SEW). Evidence from a sample of 188 Spanish family firms indicates a positive moderating effect of SEW on the relationship between operating profit margin, sales growth, and investment rate, and VC, leading to increases in the value of firms. The results emphasize that the importance of SEW and its variations imply heterogeneous strategic behaviours among family firms, and that economic and emotional goals might be compatible.
The MyMOMA domain of MYO19 encodes for distinct Miro‐dependent and Miro‐independent mechanisms of interaction with mitochondrial membranes
Authors: Bocanegra Jennifer L. , Fujita Barbara M. , Melton Natalie R. , Cowan James M. , Schinski Elizabeth L. , Tamir Tigist Y. , Major Michael B. , Quintero Omar A.
Published: September 2019

MYO19 interacts with mitochondria through a C‐terminal membrane association domain (MyMOMA). Specific mechanisms for localization of MYO19 to mitochondria are poorly understood. Using promiscuous biotinylation data in combination with existing affinity‐capture databases, we have identified a number of putative MYO19‐interacting proteins. We chose to explore the interaction between MYO19 and the mitochondrial GTPase Miro2 by expressing mchr‐Miro2 in combination with GFP‐tagged fragments of the MyMOMA domain and assaying for recruitment of MYO19‐GFP to mitochondria. Coexpression of MYO19898‐970‐GFP with mchr‐Miro2 enhanced MYO19898‐970‐GFP localization to mitochondria. Mislocalizing Miro2 to filopodial tips or the cytosolic face of the nuclear envelope did not recruit MYO19898‐970‐GFP to either location. To address the kinetics of the Miro2/MYO19 interaction, we used FRAP analysis and permeabilization‐activated reduction in fluorescence analysis. MyMOMA constructs containing a putative membrane‐insertion motif but lacking the Miro2‐interacting region displayed slow exchange kinetics. MYO19898‐970‐GFP, which does not include the membrane‐insertion motif, displayed rapid exchange kinetics, suggesting that MYO19 interacting with Miro2 has higher mobility than MYO19 inserted into the mitochondrial outer membrane. Mutation of well‐conserved, charged residues within MYO19 or within the switch I and II regions of Miro2 abolished the enhancement of MYO19898‐970‐GFP localization in cells ectopically expressing mchr‐Miro2. Additionally, expressing mutant versions of Miro2 thought to represent particular nucleotide states indicated that the enhancement of MYO19898‐970‐GFP localization is dependent on Miro2 nucleotide state. Taken together, these data suggest that membrane‐inserted MYO19 is part of a larger complex, and that Miro2 plays a role in integration of actin‐ and microtubule‐based mitochondrial activities.
Directly Photoexcited Oxides for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Pan Linfeng , Vlachopoulos Nick , Hagfeldt Anders
Published: September 2019

Artificial photosynthesis promises to become a sustainable way to harvest solar energy and store it in chemical fuels by means of photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells. Although it is intriguing to shift the fossil‐fuel‐based economy to a renewable carbon‐neutral one, which will alleviate environmental problems, there is still a long way to go before it rivals traditional energy sources. Existing solar water‐splitting devices can be sorted into three categories: photovoltaic‐powered electrolysis, PEC water splitting, and photocatalysis (PC). PEC and PC systems hold the potential to further reduce the cost of devices due to their simple structures in which photoabsorbers and catalysts are closely integrated. PC is expected to be the least expensive approach; however, additional costs and concerns are brought about by the subsequent explosive gas separation. At the heart of all devices, semiconductor photoabsorbers should be efficient, robust, and cheap to satisfy the strict requirements on the market. Therefore, this Review intends to give readers an overview on PEC water splitting, with an emphasis on oxide material‐based devices, which hold the potential to support global‐scale production in the future.
Neogene vegetation shift in the Nepalese Siwalik, Himalayas: A compound‐specific isotopic study of lipid biomarkers
Authors: Neupane Prabhat C. , Gani M. Royhan , Gani Nahid D. , Huang Yongsong
Published: September 2019

The late Neogene vegetation change of C4 plants replacing C3 plants is widely documented across the world. This vegetation shift has been particularly well‐documented in the Himalayan foreland based on δ13C isotopic data from palaeosol carbonates and bulk organic matter in the Siwalik sedimentary rocks of Pakistan, India and Nepal, showing asynchronous expansion of C4 plants between 8 and ~5 Ma, 9 and 6 Ma, and around 7 Ma, respectively. In this study, compound‐specific isotopic analysis of lipid biomarkers extracted from shale and palaeosols in the palaeomagnetically age‐constrained Nepalese Siwalik is utilized to better understand this vegetation shift. This is the first comprehensive lipid biomarker study in the Nepalese Siwalik, with new isotopic results from the previously undocumented Karnali River section. The δ13C n‐alkane (C27‐31) results from the Surai Khola section suggest C3 plants were dominant between 12 and 8.5 Ma. A stepwise expansion of C4 plants that started gradually at 8.5 Ma escalated rapidly after 5.4 Ma, so that by 5.2 Ma C4 vegetation dominated the landscape. This dramatic ecological shift at the Miocene‐Pliocene boundary was likely linked with an intriguing tectonic‐climate coupling in the Himalayan‐Tibetan region, prompting wetter summers and drier winters that drove C4 grass expansion. However, in the Karnali River section, the data show no clear sign of C4 plant expansion until 5.2 Ma (youngest sample age). In the two study locations separated laterally by ~200 km along tectonic‐strike, this different trend of vegetation change likely indicates local controls like river‐catchment influence. However, it is possible that, similar to the Surai Khola section, C4 plants dominated after 5.2 Ma in the Karnali River section. This study also suggests that the past vegetation makeup of an area is better reconstructed using isotopic signatures of molecular markers than of bulk organic matter or pedogenic nodules.
Multivariate path analysis of the relationships between seedling regeneration and environmental factors beneath a dwarf bamboo understory
Authors: Qian Feng , Song Haiyan , Chen Miao , Zeng Jiaqin , Dang Chenqiang , Tao Jianping
Published: September 2019

Seedling emergence and establishment are fragile processes that determine the direction and structure of forest succession and regeneration. However, seedling emergence and establishment are easily affected by biotic and abiotic (environmental) factors. A dense and expanding understory of dwarf bamboo is one such important factor that can seriously hinder the seedling regeneration. We conducted a field experiment to investigate the emergence and establishment of canopy tree seedlings under artificially controlled densities of dwarf bamboo. We found that understory dwarf bamboo obstructed seedling emergence but reduced the death of seedlings. Although understory dwarf bamboo reduced the median retention time of seedlings, dense bamboo increased the mean survival time of seedlings. Our results suggest that understory dwarf bamboo has multiple selectivities for tree seedling emergence and establishment: high‐density dwarf bamboo was beneficial to evergreen species but lower‐density of bamboo was conducive to the survival of deciduous species, it means the dwarf bamboo potentially alters successional trajectories of forest communities. Path analysis revealed that the most important factors affecting tree seedling emergence and death were the abundance of seeds in the seed bank and the density of emerged seedlings, and that the soil temperature promoted seedling emergence but increased seedling death, the thickness of litter limited seedling emergence, and the leaf area index of the bamboo canopy limited seedling death. The present study suggests that dwarf bamboo can directly alter the microenvironment, significantly reducing light levels and soil temperature but increasing the thickness of litter and soil humus, thereby indirectly impacting the regeneration of tree seedlings. Our results indicate that various factors affected seedling emergence, and there were complex indirect relationships among these factors. In general, biological factors had a stronger influence on tree seedling regeneration than environmental factors.
Isolation and characterization of fourteen polymorphic microsatellite markers in the viperine snake Natrix maura
Authors: Le Chevalier Hugo , Marí‐Mena Neus , Carro Belén , Prunier Jérôme G. , Bossu Coralie , Darnet Elodie , Souchet Jérémie , Guillaume Olivier , Calvez Olivier , Bertrand Romain , Barthe Laurent , Pottier Gilles , Martínez‐Sylvestre Albert , Verdaguer‐Foz Isabel , Mossoll‐Torres Marc , Trochet Audrey , Aubret Fabien
Published: September 2019

Nineteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were identified and developed for Natrix maura. Polymorphism was assessed for 120 individuals sampled across four sampling sites from the French Pyrenees Mountains. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 15, and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.227 to 0.863. We tested for deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium and assessed the presence of null alleles for all loci, resulting in a selection of 14 high‐quality polymorphic markers. These markers will be extremely useful in identifying fine‐scale genetic structures and providing insight into conservation management plans of this species.
Geochemical characteristics and depositional environments of mudstones from the Triassic Zhifang Formation in the Tongchuan Area, southern Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Wang Feng , Chen Rong , Liang Qingshao , Chang Xiaolin , Tian Jingchun , Deng Xiuqin
Published: September 2019

Significant sedimentary and tectonic information is preserved in the geochemical characteristics of the Middle Triassic Zhifang Formation in the southern Ordos Basin, North China. In this paper, elemental geochemical analysis is performed for 12 mudstone and siltstone samples from the Zhifang Formation of the Liangzhai River–Liulinchuan section of Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province, with a major element analysis performed via X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry, trace element and rare earth element (REE) analyses performed via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). The palaeoenvironment and tectonic backgrounds of the study section are also studied by analyzing the elements and elemental ratios sensitive to palaeoenvironmental conditions. The geochemical proxies, including the concentrations of U, and ratios of Fe2O3/FeO, U/Th, V/(V + Ni), V/Cr, and Ni/Co indicate that the depositional environment of the Zhifang Formation was likely an oxic–dysoxic condition without strong lake‐water stratification. The oxic–dysoxic condition is interpreted as one of the key controlling factors for the poor development of source rocks in the Zhifang Formation, although this formation is dominated by black fine‐grained sediments. Because of the Qinling orogenic belt, the geochemical characteristics reflect a tectonic background of the provenance area that was an active continental margin related to the continental island arc.
Imaging of translocator protein upregulation is selective for pro‐inflammatory polarized astrocytes and microglia
Authors: Pannell Maria , Economopoulos Vasiliki , Wilson Thomas C. , Kersemans Veerle , Isenegger Patrick G. , Larkin James R. , Smart Sean , Gilchrist Stuart , Gouverneur Véronique , Sibson Nicola R.
Published: September 2019

Translocator protein (TSPO) expression is increased in activated glia, and has been used as a marker of neuroinflammation in PET imaging. However, the extent to which TSPO upregulation reflects a pro‐ or anti‐inflammatory phenotype remains unclear. Our aim was to determine whether TSPO upregulation in astrocytes and microglia/macrophages is limited to a specific inflammatory phenotype. TSPO upregulation was assessed by flow cytometry in cultured astrocytes, microglia, and macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), or interleukin‐4 (Il‐4). Subsequently, mice were injected intracerebrally with either a TNF‐inducing adenovirus (AdTNF) or IL‐4. Glial expression of TSPO and pro‐/anti‐inflammatory markers was assessed by immunohistochemistry/fluorescence and flow cytometry. Finally, AdTNF or IL‐4 injected mice underwent PET imaging with injection of the TSPO radioligand 18F‐DPA‐713, followed by ex vivo autoradiography. TSPO expression was significantly increased in pro‐inflammatory microglia/macrophages and astrocytes both in vitro, and in vivo after AdTNF injection (p < .001 vs. control hemisphere), determined both histologically and by FACS. Both PET imaging and autoradiography revealed a significant (p < .001) increase in 18F‐DPA‐713 binding in the ipsilateral hemisphere of AdTNF‐injected mice. In contrast, no increase in either TSPO expression assessed histologically and by FACS, or ligand binding by PET/autoradiography was observed after IL‐4 injection. Taken together, these results suggest that TSPO imaging specifically reveals the pro‐inflammatory population of activated glial cells in the brain in response to inflammatory stimuli. Since the inflammatory phenotype of glial cells is critical to their role in neurological disease, these findings may enhance the utility and application of TSPO imaging.
Academic socialization and the transition to kindergarten: Parental beliefs about school readiness and involvement
Authors: Puccioni Jaime , Baker Erin Ruth , Froiland John Mark
Published: September 2019

The current study examines associations among parents' school readiness beliefs, home‐based involvement, and measures of school readiness using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–2011 (N = 13,999). A structural equation model was estimated, and results show that parents' school readiness beliefs and home‐based involvement practices were positively associated with children's academic achievement and socio‐emotional competencies. In addition, parents' school readiness beliefs were positively related to their home‐based involvement practices. In other words, parents who placed more importance on school readiness engaged in more home‐based involvement practices and had children with higher levels of academic achievement and socio‐emotional competencies. Results also showed that parents' school readiness beliefs were more strongly related to academic achievement in comparison to socio‐emotional competencies. Findings also demonstrated variation in parents' school readiness beliefs and involvement by race/ethnicity and socio‐economic status. Overall, findings suggest that efforts to encourage and support parental involvement should pay attention to parents' school readiness beliefs and home‐based involvement practices.

Highlights

This paper describes the relationship among parents' school readiness beliefs, home‐based involvement, and children's academic achievement and socio‐emotional competencies.

Structural equation modelling revealed school readiness beliefs were positively related to home‐based involvement, which in turn was positively associated with children's academic achievement and socio‐emotional competencies.

Parents' school readiness beliefs are an important target for enhancing children's academic achievement and socio‐emotional competencies during the transition to kindergarten.
The fidelity of cancer cells in PDX models: Characteristics, mechanism and clinical significance
Authors: Shi Jiahao , Li Yongyun , Jia Renbing , Fan Xianqun
Published: September 2019

Patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) models are widely used as preclinical cancer models and are considered better than cell culture models in recapitulating the histological features, molecular characteristics and intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) of human tumors. While the PDX model is commonly accepted for use in drug discovery and other translational studies, a growing body of evidence has suggested its limitations. Recently, the fidelity of cancer cells within a PDX has been questioned, which may impede the future application of these models. In this review, we will focus the variable phenotypes of xenograft tumors and the genomic instability and molecular inconsistency of PDX tumors after serial transplantation. Next, we will discuss the underlying mechanism of ITH and its clinical relevance. Stochastic selection bias in the sampling process and/or deterministic clonal dynamics due to murine selective pressure may have detrimental effects on the results of personalized medicine and drug screening studies. In addition, we aim to identify a possible solution for the issue of fidelity in current PDX models and to discuss emerging next‐generation preclinical models.
In vitro elimination of epidermal growth factor receptor‐overexpressing cancer cells by CD32A‐chimeric receptor T cells in combination with cetuximab or panitumumab
Authors: Caratelli Sara , Arriga Roberto , Sconocchia Tommaso , Ottaviani Alessio , Lanzilli Giulia , Pastore Donatella , Cenciarelli Carlo , Venditti Adriano , Del Principe Maria Ilaria , Lauro Davide , Landoni Elisa , Du Hongwei , Savoldo Barbara , Ferrone Soldano , Dotti Gianpietro , Sconocchia Giuseppe
Published: September 2019

Cetuximab and panitumumab bind the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Although the chimeric cetuximab (IgG1) triggers antibody‐dependent‐cellular‐cytotoxicity (ADCC) of EGFR positive target cells, panitumumab (a human IgG2) does not. The inability of panitumumab to trigger ADCC reflects the poor binding affinity of human IgG2 Fc for the FcγRIII (CD16) on natural killer (NK) cells. However, both human IgG1 and IgG2 bind the FcγRII (CD32A) to a similar extent. Our study compares the ability of T cells, engineered with a novel low‐affinity CD32A131R‐chimeric receptor (CR), and those engineered with the low‐affinity CD16158F‐CR T cells, in eliminating EGFR positive epithelial cancer cells (ECCs) in combination with cetuximab or panitumumab. After T‐cell transduction, the percentage of CD32A131R‐CR T cells was 74 ± 10%, whereas the percentage of CD16158F‐CR T cells was 46 ± 15%. Only CD32A131R‐CR T cells bound panitumumab. CD32A131R‐CR T cells combined with the mAb 8.26 (anti‐CD32) and CD16158F‐CR T cells combined with the mAb 3g8 (anti‐CD16) eliminated colorectal carcinoma (CRC), HCT116FcγR+ cells, in a reverse ADCC assay in vitro. Crosslinking of CD32A131R‐CR on T cells by cetuximab or panitumumab and CD16158F‐CR T cells by cetuximab induced elimination of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA‐MB‐468 cells, and the secretion of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Neither cetuximab nor panitumumab induced Fcγ‐CR T antitumor activity against Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS)‐mutated HCT116, nonsmall‐cell‐lung‐cancer, A549 and TNBC, MDA‐MB‐231 cells. The ADCC of Fcγ‐CR T cells was associated with the overexpression of EGFR on ECCs. In conclusion, CD32A131R‐CR T cells are efficiently redirected by cetuximab or panitumumab against breast cancer cells overexpressing EGFR.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes following a diabetic pregnancy within the context ofHIV
Authors: Soepnel Larske M. , Nicolaou Veronique , Huddle Kenneth R.L. , Klipstein‐Grobusch Kerstin , Levitt Naomi S. , Norris Shane A.
Published: September 2019

Objective

To characterize the demographics, comorbidities, management, and outcomes of pregnant women with pre‐gestational and gestational diabetes (GDM), including overt and trueGDM, taking into accountHIVinfection and the influence of exposure to oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs).

Methods

A review of medical records of 1071 diabetic pregnancies (between 2012 and 2018) at a tertiary hospital in South Africa.

Results

Of the women, 43% hadGDM, 19% had type 1 diabetes (T1DM), and 38% had type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Each group had a mean initial body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2. Despite poor initial HbA1c for pre‐gestational groups, over 90% of the cohort achieved glycemic control by the time of delivery. The rate of prematurity was 30.9%. Perinatal mortality (PNM) was 5.1% for the pre‐gestational group and 1.8% forGDM. Of the cohort, 23.9% wasHIVinfected.PNMwas higher in theHIV‐infected pregnancies (9.4%) than non‐HIVexposed pregnancies (1.8%,P<0.001). The macrosomia rate was higher in the glibenclamide‐exposed group than the insulin‐alone group (12.2% vs 0%,P=0.025).

Conclusion

Obesity is a significant predictor for macrosomia and was high in all groups. In a low‐/middle‐income country setting with a high prevalence ofHIVand high usage ofOHAs as an alternative to insulin therapy,HIVmight be associated with higherPNMand glibenclamide with increased rates of macrosomia, which warrants further exploration.
Defining the role of a genetic counselor within pediatric hematology and oncology comprehensive care teams: Perspectives of the provider team and patients
Authors: Hudson Paul , Zajo Kristin , Gerhardt Cynthia A. , Stanek Joseph , Varga Elizabeth
Published: September 2019

As genetic testing is increasingly integrated into medical care, the genetic counselor (GC) has emerged as a key member of multidisciplinary (MD) teams. Prior research has demonstrated the importance of role clarification when subspecialties are introduced to these teams given the potential differences in team member expectations regarding the division of responsibilities in clinic. To assess perceptions of a GC's role in four pediatric hematology/oncology clinics, Accreditation Council for Genetic Counseling (ACGC) competencies were used to develop two separate surveys for providers and patients and their caregivers. Providers (n = 25) perceived roles related to genetic expertise and coordination of care to be primarily the role of a GC significantly more often than psychosocial roles (p < .0001). Several potential GC roles were perceived as a shared role or the role of another provider, such as eliciting psychosocial history. Patients/caregivers (n = 70) perceived genetic–centric roles as significantly more important than roles related to coordination of care (p = .03) and psychosocial skills (p < .0001). Our findings from a pediatric specialty department suggest that GCs may maximize their potential in MD clinics by functioning as genetic subject matter experts with care coordination responsibilities related to genetic testing. Further communication between team members may be indicated to clarify the division of responsibilities.
Refining the ice flow chronology and subglacial dynamics across the migrating Labrador Divide of the Laurentide Ice Sheet with age constraints on deglaciation
Authors: Rice Jessey M. , Ross Martin , Paulen Roger C. , Kelley Samuel E. , Briner Jason P. , Neudorf Christina M. , Lian Olav B.
Published: September 2019

The Laurentide Ice Sheet was characterized by a dynamic polythermal base. However, important data and knowledge gaps have led to contrasting reconstructions in areas such as the Labrador Ice Divide. In this study, detailed fieldwork was conducted at the southeastern edge of a major landform boundary to resolve the relative ice flow chronology and constrain the evolution of the subglacial dynamics, including the migration and collapse of the Labrador Ice Divide. Surficial mapping and analysis of 94 outcrop‐scale ice flow indicators were used to develop a relative ice flow chronology.10Be exposure ages were used with optical ages to confine the timing of deglaciation within the study area. Four phases of ice flow were identified. Flow 1 was a northeasterly ice flow preserved under non‐erosive subglacial conditions associated with the development of an ice divide. Flow 2 was a northwest ice flow, which we correlate to the Ungava Bay Ice Stream and led to a westward migration of the ice divide, preserving Flow 2 features and resulting in Flow 3's eastward‐trending indicators. Flow 4 is limited to sparse fine striations within and around the regional uplands. The new optical ages and10Be exposure ages add to the regional geochronology dataset, which further constrains the timing of ice margin retreat in the area to around 8.0 ka. Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Quaternary Science Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Cord Leptin is Associated with Neuropsychomotor Development in Childhood
Authors: Karakosta Polyxeni , Margetaki Katerina , Fthenou Eleni , Kampouri Mariza , Kyriklaki Andriani , Koutra Katerina , Chalkiadaki Georgia , Roumeliotaki Theano , Vafeiadi Marina , Kogevinas Manolis , Mantzoros Christos , Chatzi Lida
Published: September 2019

Objective

Leptin is critical for central nervous system development and maturation. This study aimed to evaluate the potential regulatory role of cord leptin in the neuropsychomotor development of children ages 18 months to 6 years.

Methods

This study included 424 children from a prospective mother‐child cohort (Rhea Study; Crete, Greece) with available cord leptin levels and data on neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition), 4 years (McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities), and 6 years (Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices and Trail Making Test). Multivariable linear regression models were used to explore the associations.

Results

Each 10‐ng/mL increase in the cord leptin level was associated with increased scores on the gross motor scale at 18 months (β coefficient: 3.8; 95% CI: 0.0‐7.5), with decreased scores in the general cognitive performance (β coefficient: −3.0; 95% CI: −5.5 to −0.4), perceptual performance (β coefficient: −3.4; 95% CI: −6.0 to −9.9), working memory (β coefficient: −3.1; 95% CI: −5.7 to −0.4), executive function (β coefficient −3.1; 95% CI: −5.7 to −0.5), and functions of the posterior cortex (β coefficient: −2.7; 95% CI: −5.2 to −0.1) scales at 4 years, and with a 3.7‐unit decrease in the Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices score at 6 years (β coefficient: −3.7; 95% CI: −6.9 to −0.5).

Conclusions

Increased cord leptin levels are associated with enhanced gross motor development at 18 months but decreased cognitive performance in early and middle childhood.
Impact of job location on relationship between job satisfaction and self‐esteem of employees: Evidence from the Indian BPOs
Authors: Sam Mani P. , Khan Imran Ahmed , Babu Deepak
Published: September 2019

Does job location impact on job satisfaction and self‐esteem? To answer this question, a sample of 298 responses was drawn from business process outsourcing employees working in four different locations in two south Indian states. The study conducted in both rural and urban locations witnessed that the job location (rural/urban) has a significant impact on job satisfaction and self‐esteem despite similar job demands and resource support conditions for all the respondents. Results show a very large divergence in self‐esteem between rural and urban settings and some divergence across genders. Location of delivery centres in smaller towns could thus be an effective solution for the high turnover experienced at urban delivery centres handling data capture and such low end processing.
Gelatin capsule residue‐based films crosslinked with the natural agent genipin
Authors: Iahnke Aline Oliveira e Silva , Stoll Liana , Bellé Anelise Stein , Hertz Plinho Francisco , Rios Alessandro de Oliveira , Rahier Hubert , Flôres Simone Hickmann
Published: September 2019

This study focused on the development and characterization of biodegradable films based on gelatin capsule residue crosslinked with the natural agent genipin extracted from genipap (Genipa americana L.). Their potential on maintaining the quality attributes (level of peroxides, conjugated dienes and trienes and color) of extra‐virgin olive oil under accelerated storage conditions was investigated. Results showed that the genipin‐crosslinked films had a dark blue appearance. Their total soluble matter, water vapor permeability, tensile strength, ultraviolet and visible light barriers and thermal properties were improved in relation to the uncrosslinked film, whereas their moisture content and microstructure were not affected. In general, films presented comparable properties to those of glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked films. The developed films successfully protected the packed oil from primary and secondary oxidation and maintained the color over the storage period. Therefore, this study demonstrated the effectiveness of genipin on improving the properties of gelatin‐based films and the promising application of films as food packaging.
A new nonparametric double exponentially weighted moving average control chart
Authors: Raza Muhammad Ali , Nawaz Tahir , Aslam Muhammad , Bhatti Sajjad Haider , Sherwani Rehan Ahmed Khan
Published: September 2019

There are many practical situations where the underlying distribution of the quality characteristic either deviates from normality or it is unknown. In such cases, practitioners often make use of the nonparametric control charts. In this paper, a new nonparametric double exponentially weighted moving average control chart on the basis of the signed‐rank statistic is proposed for monitoring the process location. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to obtain the run length characteristics of the proposed chart. The performance comparison of the proposed chart with the existing parametric and nonparametric control charts is made by using various performance metrics of the run length distribution. The comparison showed the superiority of the suggested chart over its existing parametric and nonparametric counterparts. An illustrative example for the practical implementation of the proposed chart is also provided by using the industrial data set.
Revealing Charge‐ and Temperature‐Dependent Movement Dynamics and Mechanism of Individual Molecular Machines
Authors: Zhou Ce , Li Xingxing , Masai Hiroshi , Liu Zihao , Lin Yuanwei , Tamaki Takashi , Terao Jun , Yang Jinlong , Guo Xuefeng
Published: September 2019

Single‐molecule detection is able to reveal rich spatial/temporal information and elucidate intrinsic mechanisms of inter or intramolecular interactions that are not accessible in ensemble experiments, which is of fundamental importance to solve the key issues in physical, chemical, and biological sciences. Here, a robust, label‐free single‐molecule electrical approach capable of directly exploring the detailed dynamic process of stochastic movement of alkyl chains bearing different charges through a macrocycle in a molecular machine at the single‐event level is represented by using stable graphene–molecule–graphene single‐molecule junctions (GMG‐SMJs). These junctions are built by covalently sandwiching a pseudorotaxane featuring a permethylated α‐cyclodextrin between nanogapped graphene electrodes. In situ long‐term single‐molecule electrical measurements unambiguously show reproducible large‐amplitude multiple‐level fluctuations that are highly dependent on charge and temperature. Both theoretical simulations and experimental data prove that this observation originates from random motions of alkyl chains along the axle within a time scale of a few milliseconds. Observation of transient changes in current signals by gating effects allows direct real‐time monitoring of the submolecular translational process. These investigations conceptualize the capability of GMG‐SMJs to probe fast single‐molecule chemical reactions or behaviors.
The Characterization of Soft Fine‐Grained Heat‐Affected Zones in P91 Weldments under Creep Exposure Conditions
Authors: Pandey Chandan
Published: September 2019

The martensitic 10CrMoVNb 91 (P91) steel welded joint is subjected to reaustenitizing‐based post‐weld heating, referred to as post‐weld normalizing and tempering (PWNT). The various zones of P91 weldments in PWNT treatment and after creep exposure at 620 °C for 150 MPa are studied. The evolution of intermetallic Laves phase in the various zones of P91 weldments is observed after the creep rupture tests. The evolution of Laves phase is characterized using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy.
Factors associated with posttraumatic meningitis among traumatic head injury patients: a nationwide study in Japan
Authors: Katayama Yusuke , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Kiyohara Kosuke , Sado Junya , Hirose Tomoya , Matsuyama Tasuku , Kiguchi Takeyuki , Tachino Jotaro , Nakao Shunichiro , Umemura Yutaka , Nakagawa Yuko , Shimazu Takeshi
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Posttraumatic meningitis is one of the severe complications that can result in increased mortality and longer hospital stay among trauma patients. Factors such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula and basilar skull fracture are associated with posttraumatic meningitis. However, it remains unclear whether procedures such as burr hole surgery in the emergency department and decompressive craniectomy are associated with posttraumatic meningitis. The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with posttraumatic meningitis with a nationwide hospital-based trauma registry in Japan.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study with a 12-year study period from January 2004 to December 2015. We included trauma patients registered in the Japanese Trauma Data Bank, whose head Abbreviated Injury Scale score was ≥ 3 in this study. The main endpoint was the occurrence of meningitis during hospitalization. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess independent parameters associated with posttraumatic meningitis such as CSF fistula, burr hole surgery in the emergency department, and decompressive craniectomy.

Results

Among 60,390 head injury patients with head AIS score 3 or more, 284 (0.5%) patients had posttraumatic meningitis. Factors associated with posttraumatic meningitis were burr hole surgery in the emergency department (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.158 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.401–3.325]), decompressive craniectomy (AOR 2.123 [95% CI 1.506–2.993]), external ventricular drainage (AOR 1.843 [95% CI, 1.157–2.935]), CSF leakage (AOR 3.328 [95% CI 2.205–5.022]), and basilar skull fracture (AOR 1.651 [95% CI 1.178–2.314]).

Conclusions

In this population of trauma patients, burr hole surgery in the emergency department and decompressive craniectomy was associated with posttraumatic meningitis.
Interfacial Segregation of Alloying Elements During Dissimilar Ultrasonic Welding of AA6111 Aluminum and Ti6Al4V Titanium
Authors: Zhang Chaoqun , Robson Joseph D. , Haigh Sarah J. , Prangnell Philip B.
Published: September 2019

Ultrasonic welding is a promising technique for joining dissimilar metals. A particular metal combination of interest to the automotive industry is aluminum-titanium. In such welds, performance is often controlled by processes at the interface, including segregation and intermetallic precipitate formation. This study used high-resolution electron microscopy to investigate this in detail. Enrichment of silicon, magnesium, and oxygen were found at ultrasonic welded aluminum/titanium interfaces; however, other alloying elements such as copper and V were not segregated. Surprisingly, in a very short welding time (1.4 seconds), ~ 4 at. pct of Si was found at the Al/Ti interface. The segregated Si distribution varied inversely with that of O and Mg. The residual oxides and the segregated Si on the Al/Ti interface may act as a barrier for Al3Ti nucleation and growth. The strong chemical attraction between Ti and Si is probably the driving force for Si segregation to the Al/Ti interface. The presence of discontinuous oxides at the Al/Ti weld interface may deteriorate the mechanical properties of the weld.
Reexamining the Influence of Conditional Cash Transfers on Migration From a Gendered Lens
Authors: Hughes Christina
Published: September 2019

Past research on the influence of conditional cash transfers—widespread antipoverty programs—on migration has tended to focus on beneficiaries as a homogenous unit. Drawing on feminist critiques of the contemporary international antipoverty agenda, this article views both conditional cash transfer programs and migration patterns from a gender-sensitive lens. Conditional cash transfers rely on a gendered division of labor in which the informal work of women is particularly called upon in order to fulfill program requirements. This work contends that conditional cash transfers emphasize gender responsibilities for women as mothers and caretakers, which mark their belonging in the domestic sphere and limit the likelihood of their migration while making no such demands on beneficiary men or nonbeneficiaries. Using logistic and multinomial logistic regression models and data from the Mexican Family Life Survey, the analysis finds evidence supporting the hypothesis that conditional cash transfer participation disproportionately limits migration for beneficiary women. This study broadly argues that the impact of such antipoverty programs is more gendered than previously thought and emphasizes the importance of examining previously studied outcomes in ways that consider the specific subject locations of recipients in order to better understand both the logics underlying development policy and the process of migration itself.
Limit theorems for multivariate Brownian semistationary processes and feasible results
Authors: Passeggeri Riccardo , Veraart Almut E. D.
Published: September 2019

In this paper we introduce the multivariate Brownian semistationary (BSS) process and study the joint asymptotic behaviour of its realised covariation using in-fill asymptotics. First, we present a central limit theorem for general multivariate Gaussian processes with stationary increments, which are not necessarily semimartingales. Then, we show weak laws of large numbers, central limit theorems, and feasible results for BSS processes. An explicit example based on the so-called gamma kernels is also provided.
Subgraphs in preferential attachment models
Authors: Garavaglia Alessandro , Stegehuis Clara
Published: September 2019

We consider subgraph counts in general preferential attachment models with power-law degree exponent
$\tau > 2$
. For all subgraphs H, we find the scaling of the expected number of subgraphs as a power of the number of vertices. We prove our results on the expected number of subgraphs by defining an optimization problem that finds the optimal subgraph structure in terms of the indices of the vertices that together span it and by using the representation of the preferential attachment model as a Pólya urn model.
Managerial Entrenchment and Information Production
Authors: Lin Chen , Wei Lai , Xie Wensi
Published: September 2019

In this article, we evaluate the effect of managerial entrenchment on corporate information production using the voting outcomes of shareholder-initiated proposals intended to mitigate managerial entrenchment. We focus on the proposals that are passed or rejected by a small margin of votes, which generate plausibly exogenous variations in managerial entrenchment. We find that a reduction in managerial entrenchment enhances corporate information production. The effects are stronger for firms with greater information asymmetries and severer agency frictions. Overall, the evidence is consistent with the view that reducing managerial entrenchment enhances corporate disclosure by aligning the incentives of managers and shareholders.
The Antarctic Treaty as a temporal order
Authors: Antonello Alessandro
Published: September 2019

Diplomats, officials, scientists and other actors working with the Antarctic Treaty System have not simply negotiated a range of measures for regulating human access to the region in a physical sense. They are also continually negotiating a cultural order, one in which time is central. Antarctic actors are aware that the Treaty did not once exist and may cease to exist sometime in the future. They are conscious of environmental change. Each actor tries to elevate their standing and power in the system by deploying temporal ideas and discourses in their interactions with each other: bringing their histories into negotiations, trying to control the idea of the future. This article will map three temporalities within Treaty history: first, the deployment and potency of histories and futures, their relative rhythms and lengths; second, permanence and expiration, the questions and politics of how long the Treaty should or might last; and third, the periodisation of the Treaty period, both among actors themselves and among scholars studying Antarctica.