bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detecting nitrogen-vacancy-hydrogen centers on the nanoscale using nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
Authors: Findler Christoph , Blinder Rémi , Schüle Karolina , Balasubramanian Priyadharshini , Osterkamp Christian , Jelezko Fedor
Published: February 2024

In diamond, nitrogen defects like the substitutional nitrogen defect (Ns) or the nitrogen-vacancy-hydrogen complex (NVH) outnumber the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect by at least one order of magnitude creating a dense spin bath. While neutral Ns has an impact on the coherence of the NV spin state, the atomic structure of NVH reminds of a NV center decorated with a hydrogen atom. As a consequence, the formation of NVH centers could compete with that of NV centers possibly lowering the N-to-NV conversion efficiency in diamond grown with hydrogen-plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Therefore, monitoring and controlling the spin bath is essential to produce and understand engineered diamond material with high NV concentrations for quantum applications. While the incorporation of Ns in diamond has been investigated on the nano- and mesoscale for years, studies concerning the influence of CVD parameters and the crystal orientation on the NVH formation have been restricted to bulk N-doped diamond providing high-enough spin numbers for electron paramagnetic resonance and optical absorption spectroscopy techniques. Here, we investigate submicron-thick (100)-diamond layers with nitrogen contents of (13.8±1.6)ppm and (16.7±3.6)ppm, and exploiting the NV centers in the layers as local nanosensors, we demonstrate the detection of NVH− centers using double electron-electron resonance (DEER). To determine the NVH− densities, we quantitatively fit the hyperfine structure of

NVH

−

and confirm the results with the DEER method usually used for determining Ns0 densities. With our experiments, we access the spin bath composition on the nanoscale and enable a fast feedback loop in CVD recipe optimization with thin diamond layers instead of resource- and time-intensive bulk crystals. Furthermore, the quantification of NVH− plays a very important role for understanding the dynamics of vacancies and the incorporation of hydrogen into CVD diamond optimized for quantum technologies.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
How do projects decouple from coercive pressures? A study of decoupling in construction projects
Authors: Zomer Thayla , Neely Andy , Savaget Paulo
Published: February 2024

Purpose

How organisations interact with and respond to environmental pressures has been a long-term interest of organisational scholars. Still, it remains an under-theorised phenomenon from a project perspective. So far, there is limited understanding of how projects, which are composed by a constellation of organisations, “respond” to institutional pressures that are exerted on them. This research takes the perspective of projects as adopters/implementers of institutional pressures and analyses how they interact with, and respond to, such pressures. More specifically, this research explores how construction projects respond to the pressure of a Building Information Modelling (BIM) mandate.

Design/methodology/approach

Multiple in-depth case studies were conducted to explore the practical implementation of a BIM mandate in the UK and understand how the construction projects responded to the coercive pressures to implement a new policy mandate for process digitalisation. Multiple sources were employed for data collection and the data were analysed inductively. The findings identify a hybrid response comprising four distinct ways that projects might respond to an institutional pressure.

Findings

We find that projects decouple both from the content and from the intended purpose of a policy, i.e. there are two variance of a policy-practice decoupling phenomenon in projects. The findings also reveal the underlying conditions leading to decoupling.

Originality/value

We advance decoupling literature so that it better applies to the temporary, distributed and interdependent work conducted via projects. Second, we define decoupling in projects as a provisional and fragmented process of wayfinding through heterogeneous institutional spaces, and discuss the potential policy-practice assemblages in projects, influenced by how, if and when project members' activities decouple from the many and often contradicting institutional pressures they face. Third, we discuss how the qualitatively different forms of decoupling that we identified in our work may act as part of a legitimation process in ambiguous situations whereby projects might share a resemblance of conformity with institutional pressures when they are de facto only partially conforming to them.
The relationship between changes in corporate payout policy and capital structure
Authors: Kim Songhee , Khil Jaeuk , Lee Yu Kyung
Published: February 2024

This paper aims to investigate the impact of corporate dividend policy on the capital structure in the Korean stock market. To distinctly discern the voluntariness of changes in corporate dividend policy, we analyze companies that, following a substantial increase, do not reduce dividends for the subsequent two years or, after a significant decrease, do not raise dividends for the following two years. Our empirical findings indicate that companies that increase dividends experience a significant decrease in both book and market leverage, even after controlling for variables such as target leverage ratios. This result suggests that a large increase in dividends can effectively reduce information asymmetry, leading to a lower cost of equity. On the contrary, after a decrease in dividends, both book leverage and market leverage significantly increase, revealing a symmetric relationship between dividend policy and capital structure. In conclusion, large dividend increases in Korean companies not only reduce information asymmetry but also lower the cost of equity capital, resulting in observable changes in the leverage ratio.
The effect of gender diversity on the disclosure of key audit matters: examination of dual-signature environment
Authors: He Li Jen , Rivai Faradillah Amalia
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the impact of gender diversity in the composition of engagement auditors on the disclosure of key audit matters (KAMs) in a dual-signature environment.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used the unique institutional setup of Taiwan, where the law requires that audit reports be signed by two audit partners. The authors examined the effect of gender diversity composition among engagement auditors on KAM disclosure, considering behavioral differences between female and male auditors.

Findings

The empirical results indicate that gender diversity composition in the dual-signature environment is associated with the number of disclosed KAM items (KAMIT) and the length of the explanations for each KAMIT. Furthermore, the authors found that gender diversity composition, particularly when led by female audit partners, has a more pronounced impact on the explanation of each KAMIT rather than on the disclosure of KAMIT. The authors also noted that the moderating effect of audit firm specialization does not influence the gender diversity composition of audit partners in disclosing KAMs.

Originality/value

This study’s empirical findings demonstrate that the interaction between different gender compositions in a dual-signature environment influences KAM disclosure.
Evaluating the effectiveness of trauma-informed care training delivered to staff in community Older Adult Mental Health Services
Authors: Russell Katie , Moghaddam Nima , Tickle Anna , Campion Gina , Cobley Christine , Page Stephanie , Langthorne Paul
Published: February 2024

Purpose

By older adulthood, the majority of individuals will have experienced at least one traumatic event. Trauma-informed care (TIC) is proposed to improve effectivity of health-care provision and to reduce likelihood of services causing retraumatisation. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of staff training in TIC in older adult services.

Design/methodology/approach

TIC training was delivered across eight Older Adult Community Mental Health Teams in the same UK organisation. Questionnaires were administered before and after training: a psychometrically robust measure, the Attitudes Related to Trauma-Informed Care, was used to assess TIC-related attitudes, and a service-developed scale was used to measure changes in TIC competence. Data was analysed using linear mixed effects modelling (LMM). Qualitative data regarding the impact of training was gathered one month after training through a free-text questionnaire.

Findings

There were 45 participants, all of whom were white British. LMM on pre- and post-data revealed that staff training significantly increased competencies across all measured TIC domains. Overall, staff attitudes were also significantly more trauma-informed after training. Qualitatively, staff identified time as the only additional resource required to deliver the skills and knowledge gained from training.

Practical implications

Training was found to be effective in increasing TIC-related skills and attitudes. Organisations aiming to become trauma-informed should consider staff training as one aspect of a wider development plan.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to examine TIC training for staff working in Older Adults Mental Health Services. Recommendations for services aiming to develop a trauma-informed culture have been provided.
Priority and non-priority sector GNPAS in Indian commercial banks: a comparison between sub-sectors
Authors: Kanyan Kavita , Singh Shveta
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the impact and contribution of priority and non-priority sectors, as well as their sub-sectors, on the gross non-performing assets of public, private and foreign sector banks.

Design/methodology/approach

The Reserve Bank of India's database on the Indian economy is used to retrieve data over 13 years (2008–2021). Public sector (12), private sector (22) and foreign sector (44) banks are represented in the sample. Two-way ANOVA, multiple regression and panel regression statistical techniques are used in SPSS and EViews to examine the data. Further, the results are also validated by using robustness testing by applying the fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and dynamic least square (DOLS) regression.

Findings

The results showed that, for private and foreign banks, the non-priority sector makes up the majority of the total gross non-performing assets, although both the priority and non-priority sectors are substantial for public sector banks. The largest contributors to the total gross non-performing assets in public, private and foreign banks are industries, agriculture and micro and small businesses. The FMOLS displays robustness results that are qualitatively similar to the baseline result.

Practical implications

Based on the study's findings about the patterns of non-performing assets originating from these specific industries, banks might improve the way in which these advanced loans are managed.

Originality/value

There has not been much research done on the subject of sub-sector-specific non-performing assets and how they affect total gross non-performing assets across the three sector banks. The study's primary focus will be on the issue of non-performing assets in the priority’s and non-priority’s sub-sectors, namely, agricultural, micro and small businesses, food credit, industries, services, retail loans and other priority and non-priority sectors.
Association between filaggrin gene mutations and the clinical features of molluscum contagiosum: The Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study
Authors: Kojima Reiji , Miyake Kunio , Shinohara Ryoji , Kushima Megumi , Yui Hideki , Otawa Sanae , Horiuchi Sayaka , Yokomichi Hiroshi , Akiyama Yuka , Ooka Tadao , Yamagata Zentaro ,   the Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study Group
Published: February 2024

Previous studies have reported swimming, atopic dermatitis, and filaggrin (FLG) gene mutations as risk factors for molluscum contagiosum (MC) infection. FLG gene mutations impair skin barrier function. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of FLG mutations on the incidence and clinical features of MC. We used data from 2036 children who participated in the Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study, a prospective, birth cohort study. A questionnaire for caregivers (when children were 4 and 8 years of age) asked about clinical features including previous MC incidence and treatment, number of MC lesions at first visit, and time to resolution. Participants underwent genotyping to detect six FLG mutations that are common in the Japanese population. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between MC incidence and FLG mutations, adjusted for potential confounders. The cumulative incidence of MC at age 8 years was 47.1%. Among participants with a history of MC, 67.6% had undergone curettage. FLG mutation was a significant risk factor for MC incidence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18–2.42). Swimming and atopic dermatitis were also significant risk factors for MC. There was no significant association between FLG mutation and the number of MC lesions at the first visit or the time to resolution of lesions. FLG mutation is a risk factor for MC incidence; however, FLG mutations do not affect the number of MC lesions at presentation or the time to resolution.
Resource partitioning in a novel herbivore assemblage in South America
Authors: Mata Julia C. , Davison Charles W. , Frøslev Tobias Guldberg , Buitenwerf Robert , Svenning Jens‐Christian
Published: February 2024

Human‐induced species declines and extinctions have led to the downsizing of large‐herbivore assemblages, with implications for many ecosystem processes. Active reintroduction of extirpated large herbivores or their functional equivalents may help to reverse this trend and restore diverse ecosystems and their processes. However, it is unclear whether resource competition between native and non‐native herbivores could threaten restoration initiatives, or to what extent (re)introduced species may influence local vegetation dynamics.

To answer these questions, we investigated the diets of a novel South American herbivore assemblage that includes resident native species, reintroduced native species and introduced non‐native species. We examined plant composition, diet breadth and the overlap between species to describe the local herbivory profile and the potential for resource competition.

Using DNA metabarcoding on faecal samples (n = 465), we analysed the diets of the herbivore assemblage in the Rincón del Socorro rewilding area of Iberá National Park, Argentina. We compared the species richness of faecal samples, the occurrence of plant families/growth forms and the compositional similarity of samples (inter‐ and intraspecifically).

Our results indicate species‐level taxonomic partitioning of plant resources by herbivores in this system. Differences in sample richness, composition and diet breadth reflected a diverse range of herbivory strategies, from grazers (capybara) to mixed feeders/browsers (brocket deer, lowland tapir). Differences in diet compositional similarity (Jaccard) revealed strong taxonomic resource partitioning. The two herbivores with the most similar diets (Pampas deer and brocket deer) still differed by more than 80%. Furthermore, all but one species (axis deer) had more similar diet composition intraspecifically than compared to the others.

Overall, we found little evidence for resource competition between herbivore species. Instead, recently reintroduced native species and historically introduced non‐natives are likely expanding the range of herbivory dynamics in the ecosystem. Further research will be needed to determine the full ecological impacts of these (re)introduced herbivores. In conclusion, we show clear differences in diet breadth and composition among native, reintroduced and non‐native herbivore species that may be key to promoting resource partitioning, species coexistence and the restoration of ecological function.
Climate risk in mortgage markets: Evidence from Hurricanes Harvey and Irma
Authors: Gete Pedro , Tsouderou Athena , Wachter Susan M.
Published: February 2024

Using the Credit Risk Transfers (CRTs) issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, we study how, absent government intervention, mortgage markets would price hurricane risk. Currently, such risk is priced equally across locations even if it is location‐specific. We hand collect a novel and detailed database to exploit CRTs' heterogeneous exposure to Hurricanes Harvey and Irma. Using a diff‐in‐diff specification, we estimate the reaction of private investors to hurricane risk. We use the previous results to calibrate a model of mortgage lending. We simulate hurricane frequencies and mortgage default probabilities in each US county to derive the market price of mortgage credit risk, that is, the implied guarantee fees (g‐fees). Market‐implied g‐fees in counties most exposed to hurricanes would be 70% higher than inland counties.
Towards tumour hypoxia imaging: Incorporating relative oxygen extraction fraction mapping of prostate with multi‐parametric quantitative MRI on a 1.5T MR‐linac
Authors: Mesny Emmanuel , Leporq Benjamin , Chapet Olivier , Beuf Olivier
Published: February 2024

Hypoxia plays a central role in tumour radioresistance. Reliable tumour hypoxia imaging would allow the monitoring of tumour response and a more personalized adaptation of radiotherapy planning. Here, we showed a proof of concept of the feasibility and repeatability of relative oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF) mapping of prostate using multi‐parametric quantitative MRI (qMRI) achieved for the first time on a 1.5T MR‐linac. T2, T2* relaxation times maps, and intra‐voxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parametric maps mapping were computed on a 29 years old healthy volunteer. R2′ and rOEF maps were calculated based on a multi‐parametric model. Long‐term repeatability and repeatability coefficient (RC) were determined for each parameter according to QIBA recommendations. Mean values for the entire healthy prostate were 0.99 ± 0.14 × 10−3 mm/s2, 81 ± 2.1 × 10−3 mm/s2, 21.6 ± 3.6%, 92.7 ± 19.7 ms and 62.4 ± 17.3 ms for Dslow, Dfast, f, T2 and T2*, respectively. R2′ and rOEF in the prostate were 6.1 ± 3.4 s−1 and 18.2 ± 10.1% respectively. The RC of rOEF was 4.43%. Long‐term repeatability of quantitative parameters based on a test–retest ranged from 2 to 18%. qMRI parameters are measurable and repeatable on 1.5T MR LINAC. From T2, T2* and IVIM parameters maps, we were able to obtain a rOEF mapping of the prostate. These results are the first step to a non‐invasive imaging of tumour hypoxia during radiotherapy leading to a biological image‐guided adaptive radiotherapy.
Combatting forest fires in the drylands of Sub‐Saharan Africa: Quasi‐experimental evidence from Burkina Faso
Authors: Huy Tung Nguyen , Adjognon Guigonan Serge , van Soest Daan
Published: February 2024

Forest fires are among the main drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in the drylands of Sub‐Saharan Africa. We use remote sensing data on forest fires and remaining tree cover to estimate the effectiveness of a project targeted at reducing fire incidences in 12 protected forests in arid Burkina Faso. The project consisted of two components that were implemented in the villages surrounding the target forests: a campaign aimed at raising community awareness about the detrimental effects of forest fires, and a program to support establishing and maintaining forest fire prevention infrastructures. Using the synthetic control method, we find that the project resulted in an overall reduction of in the number of days on which an average forest grid cell was detected to be on fire in the month of the year when fires tend to be most prevalent—November, at the very end of the agricultural season. This impact is, however, short lived (as the reduction only occurred in the November months in the first 4 years of the program), and the overall reduction in forest fire occurrences was not sufficiently large to result in a detectable increase in vegetation cover. We then try to uncover the underlying mechanisms to shed light on which of the project's components were effective to also learn how the program can be improved.
Evidence for common mechanisms of pathology between SHANK3 and other genes of Phelan‐McDermid syndrome
Authors: Mitz Andrew R. , Boccuto Luigi , Thurm Audrey
Published: February 2024

Chromosome 22q13.3 deletion (Phelan‐McDermid) syndrome (PMS, OMIM 606232) is a rare genetic condition that impacts neurodevelopment. PMS most commonly results from heterozygous contiguous gene deletions that include the SHANK3 gene or likely pathogenic variants of SHANK3 (PMS‐SHANK3 related). Rarely, chromosomal rearrangements that spare SHANK3 share the same general phenotype (PMS‐SHANK3 unrelated). Very recent human and model system studies of genes that likely contribute to the PMS phenotype point to overlap in gene functions associated with neurodevelopment, synaptic formation, stress/inflammation and regulation of gene expression. In this review of recent findings, we describe the functional overlaps between SHANK3 and six partner genes of 22q13.3 (PLXNB2, BRD1, CELSR1, PHF21B, SULT4A1, and TCF20), which suggest a model that explains the commonality between PMS‐SHANK3 related and PMS‐SHANK3 unrelated classes of PMS. These genes are likely not the only contributors to neurodevelopmental impairments in the region, but they are the best documented to date. The review provides evidence for the overlapping and likely synergistic contributions of these genes to the PMS phenotype.
Introducing the model of repeated exposure of skin to antiseptics: Randomised pilot trial
Authors: Leskur Dario , Bročić Ivana , Mićanović Mislav , Lozić Mirela , Rušić Doris , Perišin Ana Šešelja , Maleš Ivanka , Modun Darko , Bukić Josipa
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Intensified hand hygiene measures were recommended for preventing the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2. However, these measures can lead to skin damage and the development of hand eczema, particularly among health professionals.

Objectives

This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effects of repeated antiseptic use on healthy skin under controlled conditions and to assess the emollient use.

Methods

Twelve healthy volunteers (nine females, age = 22.3 ± 2.8 years (mean ± SD), Fitzpatrick phototypes II and III) with no skin diseases were recruited. Antiseptic was applied daily for 3 weeks on the volar sides of forearms. Emollient cream was also applied daily. Skin assessments were performed using non‐invasive methods (transepidermal water loss—TEWL, skin hydration, erythema and melanin content).

Results

Prolonged antiseptic use increased TEWL, decreased hydration and elevated erythema and melanin levels. Emollient cream significantly reduced TEWL and improved hydration on antiseptic‐treated sites, and also enhanced hydration on intact skin.

Conclusions

Prolonged use of antiseptics can have adverse effects on the skin, including barrier disruption and inflammation. Emollient showed promise in improving skin hydration and reducing the damage caused by antiseptics. Further research with a larger sample is needed to confirm these findings and assess emollient efficacy during frequent antiseptic use.
Effects of tetrahedral DNA nanostructures on the treatment of osteoporosis
Authors: Cui Weitong , Yang Xiao , Dou Yikai , Du Yue , Ma Xiaohong , Hu Lei , Lin Yunfeng
Published: February 2024

Osteoporosis (OP) is a common disease characterized by bone loss and bone tissue microstructure degradation. Drug treatment is a common clinical treatment that aims to increase bone mass and bone density. Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) are three‐dimensional tetrahedral frames formed by folding four single‐stranded DNA molecules, which have good biological safety and can promote bone regeneration. In this study, a mouse model of OP was established by ovariectomy (OVX) and TDN was injected into the tail vein for 8 weeks. We found that ovariectomized mice could simulate some physiological changes in OP. After treatment with TDNs, some of this destruction in mice was significantly improved, including an increase in the bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and bone trabecular number (Tb. N), decrease in bone separation (Tb. SP), reduction in the damage to the mouse cartilage layer, reduction in osteoclast lacunae in bone trabecula, and reduction in the damage to the bone dense part. We also found that the expression of ALP, β‐Catenin, Runx2, Osterix, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2 significantly decreased in OVX mice but increased after TDN treatment. Therefore, this study suggests that TDNs may regulate the Wnt/β‐Catenin and BMP signalling pathways to improve the levels of some specific markers of osteogenic differentiation, such as Runx2, ALP, and Osterix, to promote osteogenesis, thus showing a therapeutic effect on OP mice.
Eosinophils in psoriasis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis introducing a study quality assessment tool for diagnostic pathology studies
Authors: Caro‐Chang Leah Antoinette , Fung Maxwell A.
Published: February 2024

Background

The histopathologic features of psoriasis are well‐documented, but recent studies have highlighted atypical features, such as eosinophils, in clinically confirmed cases.

Methods

A systematic review exploring eosinophils in psoriasis was performed. A novel quality assessment tool (SQAT‐Path) we designed for cross‐sectional pathology studies was employed.

Results

Five studies (N = 218) were identified. The pooled prevalence of dermal eosinophils in psoriasis was 46% (95% confidence interval, 0.27–0.66). The prevalences of 1 to 5 lesional eosinophils (24%) compared to >5 eosinophils (26%) were similar. There was no association between eosinophils and prior treatment. There was also no association between eosinophils and spongiosis. In SQAT‐Path, studies scored between 9 and 18 (out of a maximum of 27: “fair” to “good”), consistent with the ratings using other assessment tools.

Conclusion

Eosinophils were found in approximately half of systematically studied and published cases of psoriasis. When present, their quantity is variable, with the likelihood of having greater than 5 eosinophils in a biopsy section comparable to having between 1 and 5. Greater than 5 eosinophils, as an isolated finding, would not be typical of psoriasis, but should not preclude its diagnosis without considering the overall histologic context.
Deciphering the origin of developmental stability: The role of intracellular expression variability in evolutionary conservation
Authors: Uchida Yui , Tsutsumi Masato , Ichii Shunsuke , Irie Naoki , Furusawa Chikara
Published: February 2024

Progress in evolutionary developmental biology (evo‐devo) has deepened our understanding of how intrinsic properties of embryogenesis, along with natural selection and population genetics, shape phenotypic diversity. A focal point of recent empirical and theoretical research is the idea that highly developmentally stable phenotypes are more conserved in evolution. Previously, we demonstrated that in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), embryonic stages and genes with high stability, estimated through whole‐embryo RNA‐seq, are highly conserved in subsequent generations. However, the precise origin of the stability of gene expression levels evaluated at the whole‐embryo level remained unclear. Such stability could be attributed to two distinct sources: stable intracellular expression levels or spatially stable expression patterns. Here we demonstrate that stability observed in whole‐embryo RNA‐seq can be attributed to stability at the cellular level (low variability in gene expression at the cellular levels). We quantified the intercellular variations in expression levels and spatial gene expression patterns for seven key genes involved in patterning dorsoventral and rostrocaudal regions during early development in medaka. We evaluated intracellular variability by counting transcripts and found its significant correlation with variation observed in whole‐embryo RNA‐seq data. Conversely, variation in spatial gene expression patterns, assessed through intraindividual left–right asymmetry, showed no correlation. Given the previously reported correlation between stability and conservation of expression levels throughout embryogenesis, our findings suggest a potential general trend: the stability or instability of developmental systems—and the consequent evolutionary diversity—may be primarily anchored in intrinsic fundamental elements such as the variability of intracellular states.
Headaches and facial pain attributed to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination: a systematic review
Authors: Mitsikostas Dimos‐Dimtirios D. , Caronna Edoardo , De Tommaso Marina , Deligianni Christina I. , Ekizoglu Esme , Bolay Hayrunnisa , Göbel Carl H. , Kristoffersen Espen Saxhaug , Lampl Christian , Moro Elena , Pozo‐Rosich Patricia , Sellner Johann , Terwindt Gisela , Irimia‐Sieira Pablo
Published: February 2024

Background and purpose

The aim was to provide insights to the characteristics of headache in the context of COVID‐19 on behalf of the Headache Scientific Panel and the Neuro‐COVID‐19 Task Force of the European Academy of Neurology (EAN) and the European Headache Federation (EHF).

Methods

Following the Delphi method the Task Force identified six relevant questions and then conducted a systematic literature review to provide evidence‐based answers and suggest specific diagnostic criteria.

Results

No data for facial pain were identified in the literature search. (1) Headache incidence during acute COVID‐19 varies considerably, with higher prevalence rates in prospective compared to retrospective studies (28.9%–74.6% vs. 6.5%–34.0%). (2) Acute COVID‐19 headache is usually bilateral or holocranial and often moderate to severe with throbbing pain quality lasting 2–14 days after first signs of COVID‐19; photo‐phonophobia, nausea, anosmia and ageusia are common associated features; persistent headache shares similar clinical characteristics. (3) Acute COVID‐19 headache is presumably caused by immune‐mediated mechanisms that activate the trigeminovascular system. (4) Headache occurs in 13.3%–76.9% following SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination and occurs more often amongst women with a pre‐existing primary headache; the risk of developing headache is higher with the adenoviral‐vector‐type vaccines than with other preparations. (5) Headache related to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination is mostly bilateral, and throbbing, pressing, jolting or stabbing. (6) No studies have been conducted investigating the underlying mechanism of headache attributed to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines.

Conclusion

The results of this joint EAN/EHF initiative provide a framework for a better understanding of headache in the context of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination.
Long‐term biochar application promoted soil aggregate‐associated potassium availability and maize potassium uptake
Authors: Bao Zhengrong , Dai Wanning , Su Xu , Liu Zunqi , An Zhengfeng , Sun Qiang , Jing Hang , Lin Li , Chen Yixuan , Meng Jun
Published: February 2024

Biochar is an effective ameliorator for soil quality improvement and nutrient reuse from biomass; however, the effect of biochar application on soil potassium (K) availability, plant K uptake, and the underlying mechanisms have not been well‐elucidated. To address this, the variation in the soil K forms, soil aggregate stability, and aggregate‐associated K concentration, as well as maize K uptake, were investigated in a field experiment after 9 years of biochar amendment. The treatments included no biochar and NPK fertilizer (CK); NPK fertilizer treatment (F); biochar applied annually at the rate of 2.625 t ha−1 (C1), and biochar applied annually at rate of 2.625 t ha−1 with NPK fertilizers (C1F); one‐time biochar applied with NPK fertilizers, with biochar rate of 31.5 (C2F) and 47.25 t ha−1 (C3F). The results showed that after 9 years of field application, biochar inhibited the downward K migration to the deeper layer, thus increasing water‐soluble potassium (WSK), exchangeable potassium (EK), non‐exchangeable potassium (NEK), and total potassium (TK) in 0–20 cm soil, with C1F exhibiting better performance than C2F and C3F. Biochar also increased aggregate‐associated EK, NEK, and TK pools, mainly due to an increase in the macroaggregate proportion (>0.25 mm). Biochar amendment promoted maize K uptake by an average of 35.69%, the path analysis indicated that the positive effect was an outcome of the synergetic effect of the increase in surface soil WSK content and promoted macroaggregate EK pools, which was primarily attributed to biochar improved soil properties, including soil organic carbon, pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and cation exchange capacity. These factors explained 76% of the variance in maize K uptake. In conclusion, biochar is an effective ameliorator for improving soil K content and availability.
Influence of SiC content in B4C–nSiC composites corrosion in molten FLiNaK salt at 800°C
Authors: Wang Kui , Jia Junhong , Chen Wei , Hui Junjie , He Nairu , Ma Shengqiang
Published: February 2024

The present study investigates the influences of SiC incorporation on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of B4C–nSiC composites in molten FLiNaK salt at 800°C. The corrosion characteristics and mechanisms of B4C–nSiC composites in molten FLiNaK salt were thoroughly characterized and extensively discussed. The B4C–nSiC composites exhibited a more refined grain size and lowered apparent porosity as the SiC content increased. Additionally, the concentration of high‐angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) in B4C–nSiC composites increased as the SiC content increased. The incorporation of 10 wt.% SiC improved the corrosion resistance of B4C–nSiC composites against molten FLiNaK salt. However, the incorporation of excessive SiC (≥20 wt.%) did not improve the corrosion resistance. The best corrosion resistance of B4C–10% SiC ceramic composite was attributed, on the one hand, to its relatively low apparent porosity and the low concentration of HAGBs with high structural disorder. On the other hand, the selective corrosion of B4C in B4C–10% SiC ceramic composite rapidly formed a sufficiently thick and highly graphitized C‐rich layer on its surface during the initial stages of the corrosion test. The C‐rich layer maintained the integral structure of the ceramic and prevented subsequent corrosive medium from penetrating into the ceramic.
Recycling of granite sludge for the preparation of high‐strength glazed glass‐ceramics using stepwise sintering
Authors: Lu Jinshan , Liu Changyou , Zhou Jian
Published: February 2024

The reutilization of granite sludge generated in granite cutting and processing possesses economic and ecological benefits. In this study, high‐strength glazed glass‐ceramics were prepared entirely from granite powder using dense sintering and instantaneous glaze firing. The densification and glaze formation are clarified in terms of phase evolution to study their effects on the flexural strength and surface glossiness of the glass‐ceramics. The milling process promotes particle refinement and the removal of colored minerals, thus increasing the powder whiteness and sinterability. After dense sintering at 1100°C, instantaneous glaze firing at high temperatures decreases the flexural strength while greatly increases the surface glossiness of the glass‐ceramics due to the dissolution of quartz and feldspars in the liquid phase. After the acid‐leached powder was densely sintered and fired with a rapid heating of 50°C/min to 1300°C, the pinhole‐free glazed glass‐ceramic has a flexural strength of 112.5 MPa and a surface glossiness of 54.7 GU (glossiness unit), meeting the quality requirements of the bright glazed tiles in the market. The stepwise sintering process provides a simple processing route for recycling granite sludge into decorative construction tiles and high‐temperature glazes, promising the scalable and value‐added utilization of granite sludge.
Researching how music affects the autonomic nervous system and influences wound healing processes in trauma patients
Authors: Li Xintong , Min Siran
Published: February 2024

An area of increasing interest continues to be the interaction between music therapy and its impacts on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and wound repair in patients who have experienced trauma. This study intended to quantify the effect of music therapy on ANS regulation and wound healing. A cross‐sectional observational study from March to December 2023 was undertaken involving 500 trauma patients. A control group received standard care, and an experimental group received daily 30‐min music therapy sessions. Heart rate variability (HRV), cortisol levels, wound healing rates and patient‐reported outcomes regarding pain, tension and well‐being were among the critical parameters assessed. After 1 month, the experimental group exhibited a statistically significant rise in HRV (p < 0.05), suggesting increased parasympathetic activity. The experimental group exhibited a significant decrease in cortisol levels in comparison to the control group, with notable reduction observed after 1 month (p < 0.05). At 9 months, the experimental group exhibited significantly faster wound healing than the control group, with 85% wound recovery as opposed to 75% in control group. There was notable decrease in pain and stress scores at all time intervals in the music therapy group, with the greatest reduction occurring at the 9‐month mark (p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) was identified between the number of completed music therapy sessions and patient outcomes, with individuals attending more than 20 sessions experiencing 33.6% positive outcomes. In trauma patients, music therapy substantially enhanced ANS regulation and accelerated wound healing. As evidenced by the elevated HRV and decreased cortisol levels, the therapy induced a physiologically tranquil state that is conducive to recovery. The considerable enhancements in the rates of wound healing, in conjunction with the substantial decreases in pain and tension levels, highlighted the therapeutic capacity of music therapy as intervention in trauma care. Additionally, the observed dose–response relationship indicated that customised music therapy regimens are crucial for achieving the best possible results for patients.
Assessing the efficacy of Naoxintong capsules on wound healing in post‐craniotomy patients: A clinical perspective
Authors: Zheng Guojiang , Yu Ting , Humayun Ayesha , Chen Hui
Published: February 2024

This study was conducted to determine whether Naoxintong capsules may enhance wound healing and reduce postoperative complications in individuals having craniotomies. A total of 120 patients at Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, participated in this clinical perspective study conducted from April 2022 to June 2023. Participants were divided into treatment group (n = 60), receiving standard care plus Naoxintong capsules and control group (n = 60), receiving standard care only. Primary outcomes included the rate of wound healing, while secondary outcomes encompassed postoperative complications and patient‐reported outcomes on pain and quality of life. The treatment group exhibited significantly enhanced wound healing rate than the control at Day 7 (40.33 vs. 25.67%, p < 0.05), Day 14 (75.17 vs. 50.83%, p < 0.05) and Day 28 (94.83 vs. 79.50%, p < 0.05). Postoperative complications were markedly reduced in the treatment group, with lower rates of infection (p < 0.05), wound dehiscence (p < 0.05) and cerebrospinal fluid leakage (p < 0.05). Furthermore, patient‐reported outcomes significantly favoured the treatment group, with reduced pain scores and improved quality of life at 4 weeks post‐surgery(p < 0.05). Naoxintong capsules thus significantly enhanced the wound healing and reduced postoperative complications, contributing to improved patient‐reported outcomes in post‐craniotomy patients. These findings advocated for the integration of Naoxintong in postoperative care, highlighting the potential of traditional Chinese medicine in modern surgical recovery protocols. Further studies with larger cohorts are recommended to validate these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.
High energy storage performance of lead‐free Nb‐modified (Bi0.2Na0.2Ca0.2Ba0.2Sr0.2)TiO3 high‐entropy ceramics
Authors: Zhang Xue , Zhang Fan , Niu Yiwen , Zhang Zhiqiang , Bai Yu , Wang Zhan Jie
Published: February 2024

Owing to the intrinsic chemical disorder of microscopic composition, perovskite high‐entropy ceramics exhibit dielectric relaxation behaviors and are favorable for energy storage performance. In this work, (Bi0.2Na0.2Ca0.2Ba0.2Sr0.2)(Ti1−xNbx)O3 (BNCBST‐xNb, 0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) ceramics were prepared using a hydrothermal method. The results indicate that Nb doping into BNCBST induces lattice expansion and deepens dielectric relaxation. Moreover, the BNCBST‐xNb ceramics exhibit a great enhancement of electrical breakdown strength (Eb) with Nb content, which results from the reduction of grain size, the increase of resistivity, the decrease of oxygen vacancies, and the enlargement of band gap width. Consequently, the BNCBST‐0.15Nb system presents an outstanding Eb of 497 kV/cm with excellent recoverable energy density (Wrec = 3.85 J/cm3) and efficiency (η = 87.7%), accompanying by the wide temperature stability (Wrec and η vary within ± 9.8% and ± 1.4% at 40–100°C) and fast discharge rate (t0.9 = 88 ns). The significant improvement of Eb and energy storage properties suggest that our research offers an effective strategy for developing lead‐free energy storage ceramics.
Going the extra mile for patients: Service‐oriented high‐performance work systems drive nurses' job crafting and extra‐role service behaviour
Authors: Song Yao , Wang Zhen , Song Lynda Jiwen
Published: February 2024

Aim

This study intends to investigate whether, how and when service‐oriented high‐performance work systems (SHPWSs) drive nurses' extra‐role service behaviour.

Design

This was a quantitative cross‐sectional study conducted with matched nurse–patient participants.

Method

We tested hypotheses using data from 284 nurses and their matched 566 patients. The data were collected in 2019. We conducted a set of hierarchical regression analyses to test our hypotheses.

Results

The results showed that SHPWSs have a positive impact on job crafting, which, in turn, mediates the link between SHPWSs and extra‐role service behaviours. Additionally, the influence of professional identification moderates these relationships. Specifically, SHPWSs are significantly and positively associated with job crafting among highly professionally identified nurses. The indirect effect is significantly positive when nurses strongly identify with their profession but not significant when their professional identification is low.

Conclusion

The results indicated that SHPWSs can elicit job crafting among higher professional identifiers, which further increases extra‐role service behaviours towards patients.

Impact

Our research emphasizes the significance of HRM themes in the healthcare service industry and their direct impact on healthcare personnel. Shifting from a management‐centric to an individual‐centric perspective, we focus on the proactive role of nurses. Furthermore, this study enhances the understanding of the boundary conditions for the effectiveness of SHPWSs.

Patient or Public Contribution

Nurses and their mated patients from a Chinese hospital contributed to this study by completing the survey.
The perspectives of nurses, as prominent advocates in sustainability, on the global climate crises and its impact on mental health
Authors: Ediz Çiçek , Uzun Sevda
Published: February 2024

Objective

To evaluate the perspective of nurses in Turkey towards the global climate crisis and its impact on mental health using a qualitative approach.

Materials and Method

This study was conducted from August to September 2023 with 35 nurses living in seven regions of Turkey using an inductive qualitative approach. The researchers employed the snowball sampling method to select participants. Interviews with the participants were conducted until data saturation was reached. Thematic analysis was used to emerge themes.

Results

The findings revealed five main themes (perception of the global climate crisis, effects of the global climate crisis, effects of the global climate crisis on mental health, reflections of the global climate crisis on nursing and nurses' views on prevention and intervention studies for the global climate crisis). Also, the findings revealed 12 sub‐themes (physical outcomes, mental outcomes, direct and indirect impacts, psychosocial effects and personal, national and international‐based reflections).

Conclusion

Our study indicates that nurses exhibit genuine concern for the global climate crisis and experience psychological effects related to this pressing environmental issue. Nurses are keenly aware of their responsibility to safeguard the planet and demonstrate a strong sense of concern for the state of the world.

Impact

It is evident that nurses, being prominent advocates for sustainability, are cognizant of their responsibility to protect the planet and demonstrate genuine apprehension for the state of the world.

Implications

Nurses play a crucial role, as they make up 60% of the global healthcare workforce and are often the frontline healthcare professionals during natural disasters. It is vital to elucidate and clarify the terminology concerning the relationship between the climate crisis and the mental health of nurses, to determine the scope of this relationship and to make recommendations for future research areas.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or Public Contribution.
Effects of feedback visualisation of peer‐assessment on pre‐service teachers' data literacy, learning motivation, and cognitive load
Authors: Xu Liujie , Zou Xuefei , Hou Yuxue
Published: February 2024

Background

Data literacy (DL) is vital for teachers, as it enables them to build on data and improve teaching and learning. Therefore, developing DL among pre‐service teachers is critical.

Objectives

The purpose of this study is threefold: to evaluate whether a feedback visualisation of peer assessment‐based teaching approach (FVPA‐based teaching approach) can (1) promote pre‐service teachers' DL; (2) enhance their learning motivation; and (3) improve their cognitive load.

Methods

The research was conducted based on a pre‐test‐post‐test control group quasi‐experimental design. With 20 participants in the experimental group and 21 in the control group, a total of 41 pre‐service teachers were included in the study. The pre‐service teachers in the experimental group adopted the FVPA‐based teaching approach, and those in the control group adopted the traditional peer assessment‐based learning approach.

Results and Conclusions

The experimental group participants outperformed the control group participants in DL, learning motivation, and cognitive load. FVPA was conducive to helping pre‐service teachers critically interpret data, understand their teaching and learning issues, and improve self‐reflection. The findings indicate a reciprocal relationship between learning motivation and DL; improving the learning motivation of pre‐service teachers could promote their DL.

Implications

This study contributes to current knowledge by providing empirical evidence on the benefits of an FVPA‐based teaching approach in improving pre‐service teachers' DL, motivation, and cognitive load. The study findings, limitations, and prospects for future research are discussed.