bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Society for endocrinology guideline for understanding, diagnosing and treating female hypogonadism
Authors: Jayasena Channa N. , Devine Kerri , Barber Katie , Comninos Alexander N. , Conway Gerard S. , Crown Anna , Davies Melanie C. , Ewart Ann , Seal Leighton J. , Smyth Arlene , Turner Helen E. , Webber Lisa , Anderson Richard A. , Quinton Richard
Published: June 2024

Female hypogonadism (FH) is a relatively common endocrine disorder in women of premenopausal age, but there are significant uncertainties and wide variation in its management. Most current guidelines are monospecialty and only address premature ovarian insufficiency (POI); some allude to management in very brief and general terms, and most rely upon the extrapolation of evidence from the studies relating to physiological estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women. The Society for Endocrinology commissioned new guidance to provide all care providers with a multidisciplinary perspective on managing patients with all forms of FH. It has been compiled using expertise from Endocrinology, Primary Care, Gynaecology and Reproductive Health practices, with contributions from expert patients and a patient support group, to help clinicians best manage FH resulting from both POI and hypothalamo‐pituitary disorders, whether organic or functional.
Histomorphometric and microtomographic analysis of maxillary sinus augmentation surgeries with and without collagen membrane on the lateral window: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Souza Ramiro Beato , Alves Haimon Diniz Lopes , Oliveira Luciano Santos , Pires Fabio Ramoa , Vidigal Guaracilei Maciel , Fischer Ricardo Guimaraes
Published: June 2024

Objective

To evaluate the histomorphometric and computerized microtomographic (Micro‐CT) analysis of the regenerated bone tissue from maxillary sinus augmentation surgery, with and without using the collagen membrane on the external osteotomy window.

Materials and Methods

Twelve patients were selected for this prospective, controlled, and randomized study. The patients were submitted to bilateral maxillary sinus surgery in a split‐mouth design. On the test side, the maxillary sinus augmentation procedure included using Geistlich Bio‐Oss® and a Geistlich Bio‐Gide® collagen membrane covering the lateral osteotomy window. On the control side, only Geistlich Bio‐Oss® was used without the presence of the membrane. After 6 months, the surgeries for implant installation were performed. In this surgical phase, specimens of the regenerated tissue were collected for histological and Micro‐CT analysis.

Results

In the histomorphometric evaluation, the mean (±SD) percentages of newly formed bone were 43.9% (±11.5) and 40.8% (±8.9) in the test and control groups, respectively. The corresponding values of the Micro‐CT analysis were 36.6% (±3.4) and 37.2% (±4.7) in the test and control groups, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the test and control groups in the two methods. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the mean percentage of biomaterial remaining between the test and control groups. However, the mean percentage of newly formed bone was significantly higher and the mean percentage of remaining biomaterial was significantly lower in the histomorphometric analysis compared to the values obtained through microtomography.

Conclusion

The additional use of collagen membranes in maxillary sinus surgery does not offer advantages in newly formed bone.
Early reverse remodeling by echocardiography after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Skulstad Helge , Andresen K. , Aaberge Lars , Haugaa Kristina H. , Edvardsen Thor , Kaya Esra
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Oslo University Hospital is a tertiary center conducting a significant number of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) procedures per year. In this follow‐up MediPace study, we aimed to investigate early echocardiographic changes in systolic and diastolic functions after TAVI in these patients.

Methods

All patients enrolled in the previous study were contacted 3 months after TAVI for echocardiographic evaluation. Detailed echocardiography was performed 3.5 ± 1.6 months after TAVI, and compared with baseline evaluations.

Results

A total of 101 patients were analyzed. Mean age was 80.1 ± 6.8 years and 40% of the patients were female. We observed a significant improvement in global longitudinal strain (GLS) (pre‐TAVI −16.8 ± 4.1%, post‐TAVI −17.8 ± 3.6%, p < .001), with no notable change in LVEF. More than half of the patients (52%) experienced a significant reverse remodeling with ≥10% decrease in left ventricular mass index (LVMi) following TAVI (pre‐TAVI 123.6 ± 32.1 vs. 109.7 ± 28.9 g/m2 post‐TAVI, p < .001). Pre‐TAVI LVMi was a positive predictor, whereas history of HT was a negative predictor of LVMi reduction. There was no significant improvement in diastolic function following TAVI. Highest degree of paravalvular leakage was mild to moderate and was observed in only 2%.

Conclusions

A significant improvement in GLS and LVMi was found following TAVI. History of hypertension and baseline LVMi were predictors of LVMi change. There was no notable change in diastolic function, including left atrial strain.
Insights into Notonecta maculata biology and its consumptive and non‐consumptive effects on Aedes albopictus
Authors: Farina Priscilla , Bedini Stefano , Abenaim Linda , Conti Barbara
Published: June 2024

Notonecta species (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) are generalist true predators with a strong impact on the size, structure, and richness of the aquatic communities, particularly on mosquito populations. Juvenile and adult backswimmers not only prey on mosquito larvae (consumptive effect) but their presence can also deter the oviposition of gravid mosquito females (non‐consumptive effect). In this study, we selected a Western Palearctic backswimmer, Notonecta maculata Fabricius, as a predator and deterrent of the highly invasive and health‐threatening Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae). In central Italy, N. maculata is univoltine and overwinters in the adult stage. Females lay eggs from February to the end of May, and the first new adults will emerge in late June; the complete nymphal development requires 44.5 ± 3.1 days. The number of Ae. albopictus larvae preyed on by N. maculata during its growth increases while developing, going from 0.03 ± 0.02 larvae per day for first instar nymphs to 21.38 ± 2.90 for mature adults. Furthermore, the presence of a single N. maculata adult in a mosquito ovitrap is enough to discourage the Ae. albopictus oviposition for up to 5 days. Limiting mosquito populations and, consequently, the transmission of viruses and parasites should be our main goal. Therefore, the integrated management of Ae. albopictus by the use of insecticides and a predator (such as backswimmer juveniles and adults), even if only in specific situations, may be promising and feasible. A more in‐depth knowledge of the biological cycle of N. maculata could help, consequently, to optimize its mass rearing.
Comprehensive scoping review of fenfluramine's role in managing generalized tonic–clonic seizures in developmental and epileptic encephalopathies
Authors: Gil‐Nagel Antonio , Cross J. Helen , Devinsky Orrin , Ceulemans Berten , Lagae Lieven , Knupp Kelly , Schoonjans An‐Sofie , Ryvlin Philippe , Thiele Elizabeth A. , Polega Shikha , Lothe Amélie , Nabbout Rima
Published: June 2024

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are characterized by pharmacoresistant seizures and developmental delay. Patients with DEEs experience multiple seizure types, including tonic–clonic seizures (TCS) that can be generalized tonic–clonic (GTCS) or focal evolving to bilateral tonic–clonic (FBTCS). Fenfluramine (FFA) has demonstrated efficacy in reduction of TCS in patients with Dravet syndrome (DS), Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS), and other DEEs. Using the PRISMA‐ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Review) guidelines, we performed a scoping review to describe changes in TCS in patients treated with FFA. A comprehensive search of five literature databases was conducted up to February 14, 2023. Studies were included if they reported change in GTCS or TCS (but not FBTCS) after treatment with FFA in patients with DEEs. Duplicate patients and studies with unclear efficacy data were excluded. Fourteen of 422 studies met the eligibility criteria. Data extracted and evaluated by expert clinicians identified 421 unique patients with DS (in nine studies), CDKL5 deficiency disorder, SCN8A‐related disorder, LGS, SCN1B‐related disorder, and other DEEs. The median percent reduction in GTCS or TCS from baseline was available in 10 studies (n = 328) and ranged from 47.2% to 100%. Following FFA treatment, 10 studies (n = 144) reported ≥50% reduction in GTCS or TCS from baseline in 72% of patients; in nine of those (n = 112), 54% and 29% of patients achieved ≥75% and 100% reduction in GTCS or TCS from baseline, respectively. Overall, this analysis highlighted improvements in GTCS or TCS frequency when patients were treated with FFA regardless of the DEE evaluated. Future studies may confirm the impact of FFA on TCS reduction and on decreased premature mortality risk (including sudden unexpected death in epilepsy), improvement in comorbidities and everyday executive function, decreased health care costs, and improvement in quality of life.
Long‐term soil warming decreases soil microbial necromass carbon by adversely affecting its production and decomposition
Authors: Liu Xiaofei , Tian Ye , Heinzle Jakob , Salas Erika , Kwatcho‐Kengdo Steve , Borken Werner , Schindlbacher Andreas , Wanek Wolfgang
Published: June 2024

Microbial necromass carbon (MNC) accounts for a large fraction of soil organic carbon (SOC) in terrestrial ecosystems. Yet our understanding of the fate of this large carbon pool under long‐term warming is uncertain. Here, we show that 14 years of soil warming (+4°C) in a temperate forest resulted in a reduction in MNC by 11% (0–10 cm) and 33% (10–20 cm). Warming caused a decrease in the content of MNC due to a decline in microbial biomass carbon and reduced microbial carbon use efficiency. This reduction was primarily caused by warming‐induced limitations in available soil phosphorus, which, in turn, constrained the production of microbial biomass. Conversely, warming increased the activity of soil extracellular enzymes, specifically N‐acetylglucosaminidase and leucine aminopeptidase, which accelerated the decomposition of MNC. These findings collectively demonstrate that decoupling of MNC formation and decomposition underlie the observed MNC loss under climate warming, which could affect SOC content in temperate forest ecosystems more widespread.
Risk factors predicting subtypes of physical frailty incidence stratified by musculoskeletal diseases in community‐dwelling older adults: The SONIC study
Authors: Ohata Yuka , Godai Kayo , Kabayama Mai , Kido Michiko , Akagi Yuya , Tseng Winston , Maus Marlon , Akasaka Hiroshi , Takami Yoichi , Yamamoto Koichi , Gondo Yasuyuki , Yasumoto Saori , Ogawa Madoka , Kasuga Ayaka , Matsumoto Kiyoaki , Masui Yukie , Ikebe Kazunori , Arai Yasumichi , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Kamide Kei
Published: June 2024

Aim

This study aims to identify the key risk factors that lead to subtypes of physical frailty assessed by walking speed and grip strength among community‐dwelling Japanese individuals, stratified by the presence of musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) and age group.

Methods

We included 302 participants aged 70 or 80 years who did not exhibit subtypes of physical frailty at baseline through the Septuagenarians, Octogenarians, Nonagenarians, Investigation with Centenarians (SONIC) study. Our study was a longitudinal study. The outcome was the incidence of subtypes of physical frailty after 3 years. Subtypes of physical frailty were defined as a weak grip strength or slow walking speed, or both, based on the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study Index. The risk factors for subtypes of physical frailty incidence were examined by age group and MSD, using multivariate logistic regressions.

Results

Of the 302 participants, 110 (36.4%) had MSD. Those with MSD were significantly more likely to have subtypes of physical frailty after 3 years compared with those without MSD. Among all participants, older age was a risk factor of subtypes of physical frailty (P < 0.05). Without MSD, older age and dissatisfied financial status were risk factors (P < 0.05). With MSD, older age was a risk factor (P < 0.05). By age group, in individuals aged 70 years old, a dissatisfied financial status was a risk factor for those without MSD (P < 0.05), and a higher BMI was one for those with MSD (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Older age was a risk factor for subtypes of physical frailty, but other risk factors differed according to the presence of MSD and age. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 797–805.
Ki‐67 distribution, α‐methylacyl‐CoA racemase (AMACR) expression and mucin phenotypes are associated with non‐polypoid growth in ulcerative colitis‐associated neoplasia
Authors: Okano Soh , Fukata Masayuki , Murakami Takashi , Nojiri Shuko , Kodama Makoto , Abe Keiko , Yamana Tetsuo , Saito Tsuyoshi , Yao Takashi
Published: June 2024

Aims

Ulcerative colitis‐associated neoplasia (UCAN) is characterised by multifocal tumourigenesis. A wide range of metachronous lesions have been reported to occur after endoscopic treatment of UCAN, which suggests the development of sporadic tumours in lesions treated as UCAN. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate differences of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in features and clinicopathological characteristics of intramucosal lesions in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods and results

We examined 35 intramucosal lesions resected for carcinoma or dysplasia by total colectomy from patients with UC and 71 sporadic adenomas (SAs) endoscopically resected from patients without UC. UC lesions were divided into the conventional UCAN group, defined as p53 mutant pattern and normal expression of β‐catenin, and the non‐conventional UCAN group, defined as the rest. Ki‐67 distribution, α‐methylacyl‐CoA racemase (AMACR) expression and mucin phenotypes were compared using IHC, and clinicopathological characteristics were investigated. Conventional and non‐conventional UCAN lesions were located in the left colon and rectum. Relative to the SA lesions, UCAN lesions occurred in much younger patients and exhibited more frequent basal distribution of Ki‐67 in tumour crypts. Conventional UCAN lesions tended to be non‐polyploid and exhibited a higher frequency of normal AMACR expression than SA lesions. UC lesions were heterogeneous—only two of the eight patients with multiple lesions had lesions (both non‐conventional UCAN lesions) exhibiting concordant IHC staining features.

Conclusions

The basal pattern of Ki‐67 distribution, normal expression of AMACR and a non‐intestinal mucin phenotype were determined as characteristic features suggestive of UCAN. Non‐polypoid growth was another a key feature of UCAN.
Elasticity of substitution, long‐run growth, and convergence speed: A general framework
Authors: Gómez Manuel A.
Published: June 2024

This paper studies the effect of factor substitution on long‐run growth and the convergence speed in the one‐sector endogenous‐growth model. We consider a general production function that encompasses the most commonly used specifications as particular cases. For two economies with the same initial conditions and parameter values, including the baseline elasticity of substitution (EOS), the one with the higher asymptotic EOS has the higher long‐run growth and convergence speed. If the asymptotic EOS is a nondecreasing function of its baseline value, an increase in the baseline EOS entails a higher long‐run growth and convergence speed.
The relationship between mothers' body composition and anthropometric characteristics of baby and breast milk nutrient content: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bilgiç Fatma Şule , Bozkurt Gülçin
Published: June 2024

Background

The composition and amount of breast milk is affected by factors such as the duration and frequency of breastfeeding, the time between two breastfeeding sessions, the effectiveness of breastfeeding, breastfeeding technique, genetic characteristics of the mother and diet. Breast milk macronutrients are provided by milk synthesized in lactocytes, mother's diet and maternal stores.

Research Aim

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the body composition of mothers and the anthropometric characteristics of the baby and the nutritional content of breast milk.

Method

The descriptive study was conducted between March and November 2023 in a hospital in a low socioeconomic neighbourhood in Turkey. The study sample consisted of 96 mothers and ibabies. Anthropometric measurements of mothers and babies and the nutrient content of breast milk were evaluated on the first postpartum day, Days 5 and 15. Breast milk macronutrient content was analyzed by Miris milk analyzer and body composition of mothers was analyzed by TANITA BC 730.

Results

From the weight and body composition of the mothers in the study group; a positive correlation was found between body fat, muscle and water ratio, and breast milk carnonhydrate and protein (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between the gestational age of the baby and the content of breast milk (p > 0.05). A positive correlation was found between the weight and height of the babies and the macronutrients of breast milk (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

As the weight of mothers increases, breast milk protein and carbohydrate levels increase. As breast milk macronutrients increase, babies' weight and height increase.
What do medical students think of own participation as subjects in clinical trials?
Authors: Sič Aleksandar , Gazibara Tatjana
Published: June 2024

Rationale and Aim

Testing of new drugs through clinical trials is essential in efforts to increase generalizable knowledge. Little is known about the medical students' perception of their participation as research subjects in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to examine the willingness and attitudes of medical students towards participation as volunteer subjects in clinical trials.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted among 297 medical students in years 4, 5 and 6 at the University of Belgrade, from October to December 2023. Participants completed a pen‐and‐paper questionnaire including demographic characteristics, opinions on their participation in clinical trials, and attitudes towards clinical trials in general. The validity of the attitude scale was verified.

Results

One in five medical students expressed a positive opinion about their participation in clinical trials, with the majority (about one‐half) remaining undecided. General attitudes of students about research and their participation were positive. Students with prior blood donation experience were more willing to participate. Lower socioeconomic status and volunteering experience were also associated with stronger positive attitudes towards clinical trials in general.

Conclusion

Most students were undecided about their participation, but their attitudes towards clinical trials in general were positive. Positive attitudes towards clinical trials did not uniformly translate to the willingness for personal participation. Promotion of blood donation and volunteering at universities could help to increase the interest in clinical trials as volunteer subjects.
Hepatitis B surface antigen loss in chronic hepatitis B patients with low‐viral‐load
Authors: Jang Tyng‐Yuan , Batsaikhan Batbold , Chen Yo‐Chia , Dai Chia‐Yen
Published: June 2024

Background and Aim

Among low viral load (DNA of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was < 2000 IU/mL), the factor of the loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) remained elusive.

Methods

The retrospective study recruited patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who were negative low for hepatitis B e‐antigen (HBeAg), had a low viral load, and experienced HBsAg loss during follow‐up. CHB patients with low‐viral load but without consequent HBsAg loss were also enrolled at the ratio of 1:4. The factors contributing to HBsAg loss were analyzed.

Results

A total of 80 patients were recruited for the current study, with a mean age of 63.9 years and 61.3% being male. Among them, 62.5% patients (50/80) were treated with potent nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NAs) during the follow‐up period. Additionally, 12.5% patients (10/80) had a prior history of NAs treatment before enrolment. During the follow‐up, HBsAg loss occurred in 17 patients (21.3%). Compared with patients without HBsAg loss, those with HBsAg loss were younger (57.9 years vs 65.5 years; P = 0.01), had lower HBV DNA levels (1.3 log10 IU/mL vs 2.3 log10 IU/mL; P = 0.003), and higher proportion of prior NAs‐treated history. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the factors associated with factors associated with HBsAg loss were age < 60 years (OR/CI: 3.95/1.15–13.60, P = 0.03), prior NAs‐treated history (OR/CI: 7.59/1.42–40.51, P = 0.01) and current NAs‐treated (OR/CI: 0.19/0.05–0.71, P = 0.01).

Conclusions

In the study, older age and prior NAs were positively associated with HBsAg loss, and current NAs was negatively associated with HBsAg loss. Additionally, some patients experienced HBsAg loss during the NAs therapy.
Unveiling rural and Appalachian disparities in cigarette smoking through the social vulnerability index and other county‐level characteristics
Authors: Pilehvari Asal , Krukowski Rebecca A. , You Wen , Wiseman Kara P. , Wester Abigail G. , Cohn Wendy F. , Anderson Roger T. , Little Melissa A.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Mitigating tobacco‐related disparities in the Appalachian region and rural areas is crucial. This study seeks to gauge cigarette smoking prevalence in Virginia counties, uncover rurality and Appalachian‐linked disparities, and explore local drivers of these gaps.

Method

A 2011‐2019 Virginia BRFSS data were used to estimate county‐level cigarette smoking rates in adults aged 18 or older. Counties were categorized as urban/rural and Appalachian/non‐Appalachian, with a focus on rural‐Appalachian. Disparities in cigarette smoking rates and associated factors were analyzed via the Blinder‐Oaxaca decomposition method. The study assessed 4 dimensions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's social vulnerability index (SVI): socioeconomic, minority status, household composition, and housing. Additionally, county‐specific factors such as tobacco agriculture, physician availability, coal mining, and tobacco retailer density were examined.

Findings

Rural areas exhibited a 6.18% higher cigarette smoking prevalence compared to urban areas (P<.001). SVI dimensions accounted for 53.2% of the disparity, county features explained 16.4%, and 30.4% remained unexplained. Appalachian areas had a 6.79% higher cigarette smoking prevalence than non‐Appalachian areas (P<.001). SVI dimensions explained 51.4% of the disparity, county features accounted for 21.8%, leaving 26.8% unexplained. Rural‐Appalachian areas showed a 7.8% higher cigarette smoking prevalence (P<.001). SVI dimensions contributed to 51.7% of the disparity, county features explained 9.6%, and 38.7% remained unexplained.

Conclusions

Substantial disparities in cigarette smoking prevalence exist in underserved areas of Virginia, including rural, Appalachian, and rural‐Appalachian regions. While SVI dimensions, physician availability, tobacco agriculture, and coal mining contribute, yet notable gaps remain unexplained. Targeted interventions must tackle unique challenges in disadvantaged areas to reduce smoking and promote health equity.
A spatial analysis of NATO burden sharing at the operational levels
Authors: George Justin , Sandler Todd
Published: June 2024

The paper applies connectivity measures—membership status, contiguity, inverse distance, and power projection—to investigate North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) defense burden sharing at the operational or (defense spending) categorical levels (i.e., personnel, infrastructure, equipment, and operations and maintenance [O&M]) during the post‐Cold War era, 1991–2022. Alternative spatial weights, assigned to allies' operational‐based spillovers, indicate diverse free‐riding responses with the greatest free riding characterizing equipment, followed by O&M and then personnel outlays. Infrastructure spending, which does not permit much substitution among allies, is understandably characterized by the least inter‐ally free riding. After the Wales Summit and Russia's invasion of Crimea in 2014, there are marked changes to NATO free riding at the operational levels, with equipment spending displaying reduced free riding. Generally, there is little evidence of a positive reaction to increased Russian military expenditures; however, there is some enhanced operational spending by NATO allies nearest to Russia after 2014. Also, we estimate simultaneous spatial autoregressive models to gauge inter‐operational spending responses to the four kinds of spillovers, where we find interesting inter‐operational substitutions and complementarities.
Climate correlates of bluetongue incidence in southern Portugal
Authors: Mestre Frederico , Pereira Ana Luísa , Araújo Miguel B.
Published: June 2024

Model forecasts of the spatiotemporal occurrence dynamics of diseases are necessary and can help understand and thus manage future disease outbreaks. In our study, we used ecological niche modelling to assess the impact of climate on the vector suitability for bluetongue disease, a disease affecting livestock production with important economic consequences. Specifically, we investigated the relationship between the occurrence of bluetongue outbreaks and the environmental suitability of each of the four vector species studied. We found that the main vector for bluetongue disease, Culicoides imicola, a typically tropical and subtropical species, was a strong predictor for disease outbreak occurrence in a region of southern Portugal from 2004 to 2021. The results highlight the importance of understanding the climatic factors that might influence vector presence to help manage infectious disease impacts. When diseases impact economically relevant species, the impacts go beyond mortality and have important economic consequences.
Understanding person‐centered care within a complex social context: A qualitative study of Saudi Arabian acute care nursing
Authors: Alamrani Mashael Hasan , Birnbaum Shira
Published: June 2024

Policy reforms implemented in Saudi Arabia in recent years aim to modernize the culture and infrastructure of healthcare delivery and are expected to integrate person‐ and patient‐centered care principles throughout the national healthcare system. However, in a complex multicultural environment where most nurses are international migrant workers, unique challenges emerge that frame the delivery of care. Better understanding is needed about what nurses perceive to be high‐quality, person‐centered care in Saudi Arabia and how they manage to enact it in practice. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 21 nurses working in two tertiary hospitals in Riyadh, the capital city. Participants included Saudi citizens (n = 9) and expatriates (n = 12) who were asked to describe their perceptions of quality nursing care and explain the obstacles that they encounter in providing such care. Nurses reported extensive efforts to achieve individualized, empathetic, developmentally appropriate care. Their descriptions of care aligned with principles of patient‐centeredness in care but were not separable from challenges at the patient, organizational, and regional levels, including staffing and supplies shortages, gaps in regional care coordination, inadequate language translation services, variability in cultural beliefs about healthcare communication, and overt discrimination against expatriate workers. Nurses reported creative strategies to achieve professional nursing values while navigating a dynamic landscape of constraints. The findings add to literature suggesting that person‐centeredness in care cannot be understood outside the social and organizational conditions that shape it.
Risk factors for tachycardia‐induced cardiomyopathy due to atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yasumoto Koji , Egami Yasuyuki , Nohara Hiroaki , Kawanami Shodai , Sugae Hiroki , Ukita Kohei , Kawamura Akito , Nakamura Hitoshi , Tsuda Masaki , Okamoto Naotaka , Matsunaga‐Lee Yasuharu , Yano Masamichi , Nishino Masami , Tanouchi Jun
Published: June 2024

Background

Tachycardia‐induced cardiomyopathy (TIC) is a reversible cardiomyopathy with ventricular dysfunction caused by tachyarrhythmias. Notably, atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common causal arrhythmia leading to TIC. However, the risk factors for the development of TIC due to AF remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the associated factors of TIC due to AF.

Methods

Persistent AF patients with heart rate (HR) ≥100 beats per minute who underwent initial catheter ablation were enrolled in this study. TIC was diagnosed as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50% during AF rhythm, which was recovered after the restoration of sinus rhythm. Non‐TIC was defined as LVEF ≥ 50% despite AF rhythm. The patient backgrounds were compared between the TIC group and the non‐TIC group to reveal the contributing factors of TIC.

Results

The TIC group comprised 57 patients, while the non‐TIC group consisted of 101 patients. The TIC group was younger than the non‐TIC group (median 64 vs. 70, p = 0.006). Male sex was more frequent in the TIC group than the non‐TIC group (82.5% vs. 58.4%, p = 0.003). HR was higher in the TIC group than in the non‐TIC group (median 130 bpm vs. 111 bpm, p < 0.001). The number of smokers was significantly higher in the TIC group than in the non‐TIC group (p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that higher HR (odds ratio [OR]: 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37–2.21; p < 0.001) and current smokers (OR: 5.27; 95% CI: 1.60–17.4; p = 0.006) were the independent factors leading to TIC.

Conclusion

Higher HR and current smokers were independent risk factors for the development of TIC due to AF.
The response of mesophyll conductance to short‐term CO2 variation is related to stomatal conductance
Authors: Wang Xuming , Ma Wei Ting , Sun Yan Ran , Xu Yi Ning , Li Lei , Miao Guofang , Tcherkez Guillaume , Gong Xiao Ying
Published: June 2024

The response of mesophyll conductance (gm) to CO2 plays a key role in photosynthesis and ecosystem carbon cycles under climate change. Despite numerous studies, there is still debate about how gm responds to short‐term CO2 variations. Here we used multiple methods and looked at the relationship between stomatal conductance to CO2 (gsc) and gm to address this aspect. We measured chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and online carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) at different CO2 mole fractions in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves. The variable J and Δ based methods showed that gm decreased with an increase in CO2 mole fraction, and so did stomatal conductance. There were linear relationships between gm and gsc across CO2 mole fractions. gm obtained from A‐Ci curve fitting method was higher than that from the variable J method and was not representative of gm under the growth CO2 concentration. gm could be estimated by empirical models analogous to the Ball‐Berry model and the USO model for stomatal conductance. Our results suggest that gm and gsc respond in a coordinated manner to short‐term variations in CO2, providing new insight into the role of gm in photosynthesis modelling.
Malpresentation and autism spectrum disorder in the study to explore early development
Authors: Zhang Yitian , Delahanty Michelle T. , Engel Stephanie M. , Marshall Stephen , O'Shea T. Michael , Garcia Tanya , Schieve Laura A. , Bradley Chyrise , Daniels Julie L.
Published: June 2024

Background

An infant's presentation at delivery may be an early indicator of developmental differences. Non‐vertex presentation (malpresentation) complicates delivery and often leads to caesarean section, which has been associated with neurodevelopmental delays, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, malpresentation could be an early sign of an existing developmental problem that is also an upstream factor from caesarean delivery. Little research has been done to investigate the association between malpresentation and ASD.

Objectives

We examine the association between malpresentation at delivery and ASD and whether this association differs by gestational age.

Methods

We used data from the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED), a multi‐site, case–control study of children with ASD compared to population controls. The foetal presentation was determined using medical records, birth records and maternal interviews. We defined malpresentation as a non‐vertex presentation at delivery, then further categorised into breech and other malpresentation. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for the association between malpresentation and ASD.

Results

We included 4047 SEED participants, 1873 children with ASD and 2174 controls. At delivery, most infants presented vertex (n = 3760, 92.9%). Malpresentation was associated with higher odds of ASD (aOR 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02, 1.68) after adjustment for maternal age, poverty level, hypertensive disorder and smoking. The association was similar for breech and other types of malpresentation (aOR 1.28, 95% CI 0.97, 1.70 and aOR 1.40, 95% CI 0.87, 2.26, respectively) and did not differ markedly by gestational age.

Conclusions

Malpresentation at delivery was modestly associated with ASD. Early monitoring of the neurodevelopment of children born with malpresentation could identify children with ASD sooner and enhance opportunities to provide support to optimise developmental outcomes.
Well‐posedness of the Green–Naghdi model for an uneven bottom in presence of the Coriolis effect and surface tension
Authors: Berjawi Marwa , El Arwadi Toufic , Israwi Samer , Talhouk Raafat
Published: June 2024

The objective of this work is to derive and analyze a Green–Naghdi model with Coriolis effect and surface tension in nonflat bottom geometry. Gui et al. derive a Green–Naghdi‐type model in flat bottom geometry under the gravity and Coriolis effect. Chen et al. proved the existence and uniqueness of solution in Sobolev space under a condition depending on the initial velocity and the Coriolis effect. In this paper, we provide a rigorous derivation of Green–Naghdi model under the influence of the two mentioned effects, with nonflat bottom. After that, the existence and construction of solutions for the derived model will be proved under two alternative conditions: the first one is the same condition as in Chen et al. and Berjawi et al. and the second one concerns only the Coriolis coefficient that supposed to be only of order . This existence and uniqueness result ameliorate the result of Chen et al. and Berjawi et al. in the sense that no condition on the velocity is needed. We also prove the continuity of the associated flow map.
Testing for no effect in regression problems: A permutation approach
Authors: Ciszewski Michał G. , Söhl Jakob , Leenen Ton , van Trigt Bart , Jongbloed Geurt
Published: June 2024

Often the question arises whether can be predicted based on using a certain model. Especially for highly flexible models such as neural networks one may ask whether a seemingly good prediction is actually better than fitting pure noise or whether it has to be attributed to the flexibility of the model. This paper proposes a rigorous permutation test to assess whether the prediction is better than the prediction of pure noise. The test avoids any sample splitting and is based instead on generating new pairings of . It introduces a new formulation of the null hypothesis and rigorous justification for the test, which distinguishes it from the previous literature. The theoretical findings are applied both to simulated data and to sensor data of tennis serves in an experimental context. The simulation study underscores how the available information affects the test. It shows that the less informative the predictors, the lower the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis of fitting pure noise and emphasizes that detecting weaker dependence between variables requires a sufficient sample size.
Investigation of Fluidelastic Instability in Parallel Triangular Tube Arrays Subjected to Air Flow
Authors: Elhelaly Amro , Hassan Marwan , Weaver David , Riznic Jovica , Moussa Soha
Published: June 2024

One of the major considerations in the design and operation of heat exchangers is the flow-induced vibration (FIV). While there are multiple FIV excitation mechanisms, fluidelastic instability (FEI) is by far the most crucial mechanism as it can significantly compromise the structural integrity of the tube arrays. Traditionally, it was assumed that FEI could only happen in the transverse direction. However, recent tube failures in replacement steam generators have demonstrated that FEI can occur in the streamwise direction and be equally devastating. This new phenomenon has sparked intensive research to uncover its nature. An intensive experimental research program was launched to investigate the geometrical impact of various tube array types on the FEI in both the transverse and streamwise directions. To that end, the stability of a single flexible tube and multiple flexible tubes in tube arrays was tested. The study will focus on the stability behavior of parallel triangular arrays at pitch ratios in the range of 1.25–1.70. A comparison between the available experimental data and the current results was presented. The current results reveal that the stability threshold is sensitive to the pitch-to-diameter ratio of the array and the number of flexible tubes, especially in the streamwise direction.
Phase space representation of sound field excited by a noise source in underwater acoustic waveguide
Authors: Virovlyansky A. L. , Kazarova A. Yu.
Published: June 2024

The analysis of the field excited in a waveguide by a point noise source is performed using the phase space representation of this field given by the distribution of its amplitude in the depth–angle–time space. The transition from the traditional description of the field amplitude as a function of depth and time to phase space representation is performed using the coherent state expansion developed in quantum mechanics. In this paper, the correlation function of noise signals arriving at different points of the phase plane depth–angle is investigated. Numerical simulation data show that measurements of signal correlations in phase space, performed with the help of a receiving vertical antenna, can be used as input data in solving the problem of source localization and reconstruction of unknown parameters of the sound speed profile. It is shown that in phase space there is an analog of the classical interference pattern observed in the distribution of sound intensity in the distance–frequency plane. The slopes of striations in this interference pattern, as in the conventional one, are given by the Chuprov waveguide invariant.
Harmonized cross-species cell atlases of trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Authors: Bhuiyan Shamsuddin A. , Xu Mengyi , Yang Lite , Semizoglou Evangelia , Bhatia Parth , Pantaleo Katerina I. , Tochitsky Ivan , Jain Aakanksha , Erdogan Burcu , Blair Steven , Cat Victor , Mwirigi Juliet M. , Sankaranarayanan Ishwarya , Tavares-Ferreira Diana , Green Ursula , McIlvried Lisa A. , Copits Bryan A. , Bertels Zachariah , Del Rosario John S. , Widman Allie J. , Slivicki Richard A. , Yi Jiwon , Sharif-Naeini Reza , Woolf Clifford J. , Lennerz Jochen K. , Whited Jessica L. , Price Theodore J. , Robert W. Gereau IV  , Renthal William
Published: June 2024

Sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and trigeminal ganglion (TG) are specialized to detect and transduce diverse environmental stimuli to the central nervous system. Single-cell RNA sequencing has provided insights into the diversity of sensory ganglia cell types in rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans, but it remains difficult to compare cell types across studies and species. We thus constructed harmonized atlases of the DRG and TG that describe and facilitate comparison of 18 neuronal and 11 non-neuronal cell types across six species and 31 datasets. We then performed single-cell/nucleus RNA sequencing of DRG from both human and the highly regenerative axolotl and found that the harmonized atlas also improves cell type annotation, particularly of sparse neuronal subtypes. We observed that the transcriptomes of sensory neuron subtypes are broadly similar across vertebrates, but the expression of functionally important neuropeptides and channels can vary notably. The resources presented here can guide future studies in comparative transcriptomics, simplify cell-type nomenclature differences across studies, and help prioritize targets for future analgesic development.
Blood flows from the SCN toward the OVLT within a new brain vascular portal pathway
Authors: Roy Ranjan K. , Yao Yifan , Green Isabella K. , Aitken Andrew V. , Biancardi Vinicia C. , Silver Rae , Stern Javier E.
Published: June 2024

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) sets the phase of oscillation throughout the brain and body. Anatomical evidence reveals a portal system linking the SCN and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), begging the question of the direction of blood flow and the nature of diffusible signals that flow in this specialized vasculature. Using a combination of anatomical and in vivo two-photon imaging approaches, we unequivocally show that blood flows unidirectionally from the SCN to the OVLT, that blood flow rate displays daily oscillations with a higher rate at night than in the day, and that circulating vasopressin can access portal vessels. These findings highlight a previously unknown central nervous system communication pathway, which, like that of the pituitary portal system, could allow neurosecretions to reach nearby target sites in OVLT, avoiding dilution in the systemic blood. In both of these brain portal pathways, the target sites relay signals broadly to both the brain and the rest of the body.
Androgen deprivation therapy exacerbates Alzheimer’s-associated cognitive decline via increased brain immune cell infiltration
Authors: Zhang Chao , Aida Mae , Saggu Shalini , Yu Haiyan , Zhou Lianna , Rehman Hasibur , Jiao Kai , Liu Runhua , Wang Lizhong , Wang Qin
Published: June 2024

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer is associated with an increased risk of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The mechanistic connection between ADT and AD-related cognitive impairment in patients with prostate cancer remains elusive. We established a clinically relevant prostate cancer–bearing AD mouse model to explore this. Both tumor-bearing and ADT induce complex changes in immune and inflammatory responses in peripheral blood and in the brain. ADT disrupts the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and promotes immune cell infiltration into the brain, enhancing neuroinflammation and gliosis without affecting the amyloid plaque load. Moreover, treatment with natalizumab, an FDA-approved drug targeting peripheral immune cell infiltration, reduces neuroinflammation and improves cognitive function in this model. Our study uncovers an inflammatory mechanism, extending beyond amyloid pathology, that underlies ADT-exacerbated cognitive deficits, and suggests natalizumab as a potentially effective treatment in alleviating the detrimental effects of ADT on cognition.
Island-wide characterization of agricultural production challenges the demographic collapse hypothesis for Rapa Nui (Easter Island)
Authors: Davis Dylan S. , DiNapoli Robert J. , Pakarati Gina , Hunt Terry L. , Lipo Carl P.
Published: June 2024

Communities in resource-poor areas face health, food production, sustainability, and overall survival challenges. Consequently, they are commonly featured in global debates surrounding societal collapse. Rapa Nui (Easter Island) is often used as an example of how overexploitation of limited resources resulted in a catastrophic population collapse. A vital component of this narrative is that the rapid rise and fall of pre-contact Rapanui population growth rates was driven by the construction and overexploitation of once extensive rock gardens. However, the extent of island-wide rock gardening, while key for understanding food systems and demography, must be better understood. Here, we use shortwave infrared (SWIR) satellite imagery and machine learning to generate an island-wide estimate of rock gardening and reevaluate previous population size models for Rapa Nui. We show that the extent of this agricultural infrastructure is substantially less than previously claimed and likely could not have supported the large population sizes that have been assumed.
Engineering of a TetR family transcriptional regulator BkdR enhances heterologous spinosad production in
Streptomyces albus
B4 chassis
Authors: Wang Wenzong , Tang Hao , Cui Xingjun , Wei Wenping , Wu Jing , Ye Bang-Ce
Published: June 2024

Precursor supply plays a significant role in the production of secondary metabolites. In
Streptomyces
bacteria, propionyl-, malonyl-, and methylmalonyl-CoA are the most common precursors used for polyketide biosynthesis. Although propionyl-CoA synthetases participate in the propionate assimilation pathway and directly convert propionate into propionyl-CoA, malonyl- and methylmalonyl-CoA cannot be formed using common acyl-CoA synthetases. Therefore, both acetyl- and propionyl-CoA carboxylation, catalyzed by acyl-CoA carboxylases, should be considered when engineering a microorganism chassis to increase polyketide production. In this study, we identified a transcriptional regulator of the TetR family, BkdR, in
Streptomyces albus
B4, which binds directly to the promoter region of the neighboring
pccAB
operon. This operon encodes acetyl/propionyl-CoA carboxylase and negatively regulates its transcription. In addition to acetate and propionate, the binding of BkdR to
pccAB
is disrupted by acetyl- and propionyl-CoA ligands. We identified a 16-nucleotide palindromic BkdR-binding motif (GTTAg/CGGTCg/TTAAC) in the intergenic region between
pccAB
and
bkdR
. When
bkdR
was deleted, we found an enhanced supply of malonyl- and methylmalonyl-CoA precursors in
S. albus
B4. In this study, spinosad production was detected in the recombinant strain after introducing the entire artificial biosynthesized gene cluster into
S. albus
B4. When supplemented with propionate to provide propionyl-CoA, the novel
bkdR
-deleted strain produced 29.4% more spinosad than the initial strain in trypticase soy broth (TSB) medium.

IMPORTANCE

In this study, we describe a
pccAB
operon involved in short-chain acyl-CoA carboxylation in
S. albus
B4 chassis. The TetR family regulator, BkdR, represses this operon. Our results show that BkdR regulates the precursor supply needed for heterologous spinosad biosynthesis by controlling acetyl- and propionyl-CoA assimilation. The deletion of the BkdR-encoding gene exerts an increase in heterologous spinosad yield. Our research reveals a regulatory mechanism in short-chain acyl-CoA metabolism and suggests new possibilities for
S. albus
chassis engineering to enhance heterologous polyketide yield.
All the single cells: if you like it then you should put some virus on it
Authors: Adams Sophia K. , Ducharme Grace E. , Loveday Emma K.
Published: June 2024

Across a rich 70-year history, single-cell virology has revealed the impact of host and pathogen heterogeneity during virus infections. Recent technological innovations have enabled higher-resolution analyses of cellular and viral heterogeneity. Furthermore, single-cell analysis has revealed extreme phenotypes and provided additional insights into host-pathogen dynamics. Using a single-cell approach to explore fundamental virology questions, contemporary researchers have contributed to a revival of interest in single-cell virology with increased insights and enthusiasm.