bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Application of Time-Frequency-Based Analysis Method for Identifying Bolt Anchorage System
Authors: Zheng H. Q. , Zhang Y. , Han G. , Sun X. Y.
Published: August 2021

A rock bolt refers to a reinforcing bar used commonly in geotechnical engineering. Also, defect identification of bolt anchorage system determines the safe operation of the reinforced structures. In the present paper, to accurately extract defect information, a CNN model based on time-frequency analysis is proposed, covering both time-domain and frequency-domain information. The effect of the number of convolution kernels on the defect identification results is discussed. By laboratory experiments, the performances of STFT-based CNN with those of time-domain input or frequency-domain input-based 1D CNN are compared, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method showed enhanced performance in identification accuracy.
Welding Deformation of Hydraulic Support Measurements by Using FBG Sensors
Authors: Du Shangyu , Wang Guofa , Xu Yajun , Ma Ying , Zhang Desheng , Ma Qiang , Yue Xingtong
Published: August 2021

The welding deformation and cracking of hydraulic support have always been an important issue that impacts product quality and performance in the industry. In order to quantify the deformation of the welding seam of the reverse four‐bar linkage hydraulic support under loading conditions, a real‐time weld monitoring system based on sensitive fiber Bragg grating sensors is designed. The strength test and the cycle life test of the top coal caving reverse four‐link support with four typical eccentric loads were conducted, respectively. The strength test results prove that the fiber Bragg grating sensor is accurate enough to measure welding deformation of hydraulic support; the measurement resolution reaches 0.1 μm. The eccentric load experiment produces the reverse four‐bar torsion, especially when the top beam is at a low position; the maximum deformation of the weld is 100 μm. In the cycle test, a phenomenon has been captured, i.e., the welds present a baseline shift along with the cyclic load and even jump. It indicates that the hydraulic support changes from one stable state to another stable state. This work not only provides a feasible solution for welding deformation monitoring but also provides a possibility for the whole life cycle monitoring of hydraulic supports.
The Efficacy of Ozone Prolotherapy Compared to Intra-Articular Hypertonic Saline Injection in Reducing Pain and Improving the Function of Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Farpour Hamid reza , Ashraf Alireza , Hosseini Seyed Saeed
Published: August 2021

Background. Knee osteoarthritis is a common disease that is associated with chronic pain and disability in patients. Prolotherapy is a complementary therapeutic approach for improving pain and function in patients with osteoarthritis. We aimed to compare the effect of hypertonic saline with ozone plus hypertonic saline in improving the symptoms of osteoarthritis in the patients. Materials and Method. In this clinical trial, thirty-four adults with painful primary knee osteoarthritis for at least three months were randomized to two groups: ozone plus hypertonic saline 5% and hypertonic saline 5% alone. Prolotherapy and thrice follow-up with two-week intervals were done. The outcome measures included Oxford Knee Scale (OKS), Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS), which were obtained from the patients before the injection and after the 2nd and 4th weeks after the start of the study. Results. The mean age of the participants was 60.12 ± 7.54 years. There were no statistically significant differences between demographic characteristics before the injection between the two groups (

p

 > 0.05). The results showed that VAS and OKS values decreased over time (

p

 < 0.001) in each group, but there was no significant difference in the reduction of those between the two treatment groups (

p

 = 0.734 and

p

 = 0.734, respectively). Both interventions improved the mean values of WOMAC pain, WOMAC stiffness, WOMAC act, and WOMAC total. However, there was no significant difference in WOMAC pain reduction rate (

p

 = 0.465), WOMAC stiffness rate (

p

 = 0.656), WOMAC act rate (

p

 = 0.376), and WOMAC total rate between the two methods (

p

 = 0.528). Conclusion. The results showed that intra-articular prolozone therapy and hypertonic saline injection can lead to improvement of pain and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis at the same status without any significant difference.
Synthesis of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles with Eco-Friendly Processes Using Ganoderma lucidum Extract and Evaluation of Their Theranostic Applications
Authors: Nguyen Vinh Phu , Le Trung Hieu , Nguyen Thu Huong , Hoang DongQuy , Tran Thai Hoa
Published: August 2021

The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extract, the cost-effective solution, and the abundance and environmental issue have been gaining much attention to scientists. Ganoderma lucidum (GL) commonly known as Lingzhi in Chinese and Reishi in Japanese, with a proven anticancer benefit, is discovered in the buffer zone of Bach Ma National Park, Nam Dong district, Thua Thien Hue province. In this work, the AgNPs were synthesized in a simple and effective biochemical reduction process using GL which is one of the biological organisms, as a reducing and stable agent. The optimum conditions of various experimental parameters such as pH, reaction time, concentration, and temperature were investigated. Obtained AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, SEM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effects of AgNP/GL materials and GL aqueous extraction on the antiproliferative activities of HepG2 and MCF-7 cells were studied. The novel AgNP/GL-based multicomponent suspension is a key compound that could find a good application in the medical and pharmaceutical sciences.
Model Building for Regional Ecological Risk Prediction and Evaluation of Prediction Accuracy
Authors: Shao Jia , Li Bei-lan , Liu Wei-jun , Chen Min
Published: August 2021

The regional ecological risk model is built to predict the regional ecological risk level more accurately by using principal component analysis and optimizing standard BP neural network. Taking Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture as an example, twelve primary factors affecting regional risk are selected. The sample data are processed by principal component analysis. The obtained main components are then used as input factors of the improved BP neural network, and the level of ecological risk is used as output factor. The results indicate that the error between the expected output and the actual output is 4.36% in 2016, 1.08% in 2017, and 5.18% in 2018, respectively, with all controlled within 6%. Compared with the prediction accuracy made by standard BP neural network without principal component analysis, the prediction accuracy made by improved BP neural network with principal component analysis is greatly improved. This comprehensive prediction model provides a better evaluation method for prediction of ecological risk level.
Research on Stress Analysis and Control of Surrounding Rock of Trapezoidal Roadways Based on Complex Variable Theory
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Wu Chao , Luo Jianqiao , Lv Wenyu , Shi Lei , Wang Peng
Published: August 2021

Aiming at the problem of the serious deformation of the mining roadways in the trapezoidal section of the coal mine, the method of combining theoretical analysis and field application is used to study the surrounding rock control method of the trapezoidal roadways. The conformal mapping function of the trapezoidal roadways is calculated by the theory of complex change, and then from the analytical solution of the tangential stress distributed in the surrounding rock of trapezoidal roadways which is under the influence of the bidirectional unequal pressure, homogeneous, isotropic, and elastic rock mass is obtained. Research studies show that the roof‐stress distribution of the trapezoidal roadways is uniform and the confining pressure is small, while the two sidewalls and the floor are opposite. The stress distribution of the two sidewalls and the floor varies greatly, and the stress concentration factor is large. The top corner of the trapezoidal roadways is basically not affected by stress concentration, but the stress concentration coefficient at the bottom corner is relatively large, and reinforcement measures are required in the roadway support. Based on the aforementioned research results, the multisupport scheme of “bolting with wire mesh and anchor cable + W‐type steel belt + joist steel shed support + anchor cable grouting” was proposed to the surrounding rock of trapezoidal roadways with large stress caused by mining influence, thus solving the actual mining problem.
The Effect of Exercise and Learning Therapy on Cognitive Functions and Physical Activity of Older People with Dementia in Indonesia
Authors: Juniarti Neti , Al’Adawiyah MZ Ihda , Sari Citra Windani Mambang , Haroen Hartiah
Published: August 2021

Background. This study aims to analyze the effect of exercise and learning therapy on the cognitive functions and daily physical activities of older people with dementia in Indonesia. Methods. This was an experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. Samples were selected using nonrandom sampling methods and were then randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The study population was older people with mild-to-moderate dementia, and the sample number was 90 people. The intervention group received an Indonesian physical exercise program for older people and reading therapy through 12 sessions over four weeks. The intervention was led by a community health volunteer who has been trained and certified. Results. The mean score for cognitive function in the intervention group showed significant increase between pre- and postintervention, with

p
 value
<
0.
001

, and there was no significant difference in the control group before and after intervention, with a

p
 value of 0.
198

. Further, the Mann–Whitney test showed that there were significant differences in the mean scores for cognitive function between the intervention and control groups with

p
 value
<
0.
001

and a 95% confidence level. Conclusion. Based on the results, the Indonesian older people exercise program and reading aloud activity had a positive effect on the cognitive function of older people with dementia.
Prediction Model of the Mechanical Behavior of a Fuel Cell Stack under Strengthened Road Vibrating Conditions
Authors: Ma Liying , Lv Bo , Hou Yongping , Pan Xiangmin
Published: August 2021

In this paper, a data-oriented model has been presented by nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model (NARX) neural network, which aims at predicting the mechanical behavior of a fuel cell stack for vehicle under the real-life operational conditions. A 300-hour vibration test with reproduction of SVP road spectrum was completed on a Multi-Axial Simulation Table. At the same time, data acquisition of drive displacement and acceleration response on stack was carried out in every 50 hours. All data collected were used to train and evaluate the model based on NARX. Result shows that the prediction model built is of good precision and consistent with the actual situation.
Ultrahigh‐Dimensional Model and Optimization Algorithm for Resource Allocation in Large‐Scale Intelligent D2D Communication System
Authors: Liang Minxin , Liu Jiandong , Tang Jinrui , Tang Ruoli
Published: August 2021

The optimal resource allocation in the large‐scale intelligent device‐to‐device (D2D) communication system is of great importance for improving system spectrum efficiency and ensuring communication quality. In this study, the D2D resource allocation is modelled as an ultrahigh‐dimensional optimization (UHDO) problem with thousands of binary dimensionalities. Then, for efficiently optimizing this UHDO problem, the coupling relationships among those dimensionalities are comprehensively analysed, and several efficient variable‐grouping strategies are developed, i.e., cellular user grouping (CU‐grouping), D2D pair grouping (DP‐grouping), and random grouping (R‐grouping). In addition, a novel evolutionary algorithm called the cooperatively coevolving particle swarm optimization with variable‐grouping (VGCC‐PSO) is developed, in which a novel mutation operation is introduced for ensuring fast satisfaction of constraints. Finally, the proposed UHDO‐based allocation model and VGCC‐PSO algorithm as well as the grouping and mutation strategies are verified by a comprehensive set of case studies. Simulation results show that the developed VGCC‐PSO algorithm performs the best in optimizing the UHDO model with up to 6000 dimensionalities. According to our study, the proposed methodology can effectively overcome the “curse of dimensionality” and optimally allocate the resources with high accuracy and robustness.
Numerical Investigation of an Axisymmetric Model Scramjet Assisted with Cavity of Different Aft Wall Angles
Authors: Ma Guangwei , Sun Mingbo , Zhao Guoyan , Liu Pei , Tang Tao , Fan Li , Wang Hongbo
Published: August 2021

An axisymmetric model scramjet assisted with cavity flameholder is numerically investigated. Three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulation is carried out to reveal the fuel mixing and combustion characteristics. The simulation results show reasonable agreements with experimental data. The analysis indicates that the axisymmetric and rectangular scramjet has some similarities to the cavity shear layer in the nonreacting flow field. The configuration of the cavity shear layer changes hugely due to the significant chemical reaction and heat release in the reacting flow field. Typically, two more configurations with different cavity aft wall angles are compared with the experimental configuration to optimize the configuration of the cavity. When the cavity aft wall angle is small, the cavity shear layer bends to the cavity floor and more fuel enters into and stays in the cavity, which results in poor fuel mixing performance. With the increase of the aft wall angle, the fuel distributes more uniformly and the fuel mixing efficiency improves. In the reacting flow field, the volume of the cavity full of hot products and free radicals increases while the interaction between the cavity and main flow decreases with the increase of the aft wall angle. The improved combustion efficiency shows that larger cavity volume weighs more than reduced interaction between the cavity and main flow. The combustion is more violent in the case with a larger aft wall angle. Therefore, a proper increase of the aft wall angle is beneficial to the performance of cavity-assisted axisymmetric scramjet when designing the cavity flameholder.
A Beacon of Space and Time: Detailed Depiction of Human Space in the Xiong’an New Area Guided by Material Cultural Heritages
Authors: Cao Yingchun , Yang Jie , Chen Xiaoling , Yang Xiujuan
Published: August 2021

In April 2017, the Chinese government announced a plan to establish a national new district: the Xiong’an New Area (hereinafter referred to as Xiong’an). Xiong’an plays a major role in optimizing the layout of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei city cluster, promoting the rapid development of regional cities and cultivating new drivers of innovative economy. As a result, Xiong’an is recognized in China as a millennium plan and a project with national significance. At this time, the scientific and forward-looking preliminary research work from more different fields will become important support to ensure the healthy development of Xiong’an. Taking the material cultural heritages of Xiong’an as a beacon, this paper makes a detailed depiction of the forms and features of the human space in Xiong’an in different stages during the ancient times. Multiple instruments were combined to realize the depiction, including archeological methods, geographical methods, and sociological methods. The results show that, on the vast North China Plains, with Baiyangdian Lake as the center, different social, political, and cultural factors have a huge impact on the social conditions, humanities activities, and heritage survival. Finally, based on the existing heritages, a visual projection was established between the ancient human space and the spatial distribution of potential heritages and used to predict the probability distribution of potential heritages in Xiong’an. The research results provide a scientific and forward-looking guide for the protection of material cultural heritages in the upcoming massive construction of Xiong’an.
AIU-Net: An Efficient Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Brain Tumor Segmentation
Authors: Jiang Yongchao , Ye Mingquan , Huang Daobin , Lu Xiaojie
Published: August 2021

Automatic and accurate segmentation of brain tumors plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors. In order to improve the accuracy of brain tumor segmentation, an improved multimodal MRI brain tumor segmentation algorithm based on U-net is proposed in this paper. In the original U-net, the contracting path uses the pooling layer to reduce the resolution of the feature image and increase the receptive field. In the expanding path, the up sampling is used to restore the size of the feature image. In this process, some details of the image will be lost, leading to low segmentation accuracy. This paper proposes an improved convolutional neural network named AIU-net (Atrous-Inception U-net). In the encoder of U-net, A-inception (Atrous-inception) module is introduced to replace the original convolution block. The A-inception module is an inception structure with atrous convolution, which increases the depth and width of the network and can expand the receptive field without adding additional parameters. In order to capture the multiscale features, the atrous spatial pyramid pooling module (ASPP) is introduced. The experimental results on the BraTS (the multimodal brain tumor segmentation challenge) dataset show that the dice score obtained by this method is 0.93 for the enhancing tumor region, 0.86 for the whole tumor region, and 0.92 for the tumor core region, and the segmentation accuracy is improved.
Distribution of Seismic Damage in Steel Buildings Component Equipped by Viscoelastic Dampers against Far‐Field Earthquake
Authors: Parvin Darabad Yaser , Hassanpour Yasaghi Alireza , Khodaei Beniamin , Zarei Reza
Published: August 2021

Damage to structures with the concept of inelastic behavior and consequently hysteresis energy is very close. Therefore, it can be said that hysteresis energy at these levels can be a significant criterion for designing or controlling the structure. In this research, the first three steel frames of 4, 8, and 12 floors with the medium bending frame system have been designed with the statically equivalent method according to valid international regulations; then, all frames have been subjected to nonlinear dynamic analysis by seven accelerometers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of damage, energy, relative displacement, roof displacement, and base shear in the studied frames. In the following, the necessity of using the retrofitting method to reduce the relative displacement is described based on the regulations. Then, viscoelastic dampers are used to strengthen and reduce damage in the studied frames in the face of distant field records. The obtained results indicate that despite the uniform distribution of resistance in the height of the floors, the hysteresis energy distribution and damage diagrams do not follow this distribution and other parameters such as hysteresis energy, which play a major role in structural members’ damage, should be included in the design process. In this research, viscoelastic dampers have been used for retrofitting. The results show that this type of damper shows good performance in reducing damage under earthquakes in the remote area.
[Retracted] XRD Peak Profile Analysis of SiC Reinforced Al2O3 Ceramic Composite Synthesized by Electrical Resistance Heating and Microwave Sintering: A Comparison
Authors: Mohankumar Madhan , Praveen Kumar S. , Guruprasad B. , Manavalla Sreekanth , Isaac JoshuaRamesh Lalvani Joshua Stephen Chellakumar , Somasundaram P. L. , Tamilarasu P. , Tanwar Prakash Singh
Published: August 2021

Al2O3 with 10 wt.% of SiC ceramic composite is synthesized at 1500°C by electrical resistance heating sintering with a holding time of 5 hours and microwave sintering methods with a holding time of 15 minutes. The samples generated by the two methods are characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Experiments with both samples showed that the existence of the α‐Al2O3 and β‐SiC phases in both samples was verified by the findings of XRD pattern on both samples. Microstructure study illustrates that the Al2O3 matrix particles have spherical‐like shape and their average matrix particle size is 67 ± 5 nm for electrical resistance heating sintered sample and 38 ± 5 nm for microwave sintered sample. The lattice strain and crystallite size of Al2O3 matrix were measured using Williamson–Hall (W‐H) methods, which were achieved via the use of XRD peak broadening, based on a diffraction pattern. Three modified W‐H models were used to compute other parameters, including strain (ε) and stress (σ), as well as energy density (u). These models were the uniform deformation model (UDM), the uniform deformation energy density model (UDEDM), and the uniform deformation stress model (UDSM). The average crystallite sizes of α‐Al2O3 attained from these three models of Williamson–Hall (W–H) methods and FESEM analysis are correlated and found very close to each other. In all three models of the W‐H technique, X‐ray diffraction peak profile examination of electrical resistance heating‐sintered and microwave‐sintered Al2O3/10 wt. % SiC ceramic composite reveals that the microwave‐sintered sample has finer crystallite size with less strain.
Intelligent Prediction Mathematical Model of Industrial Financial Fraud Based on Data Mining
Authors: Geng Xiuqin , Yang Dawei
Published: August 2021

The essence of enterprise financial modeling is to use mathematical models to classify and sort out all kinds of enterprise information according to the main line of value creation and on this basis to complete the analysis, prediction, and value evaluation of enterprise financial situation. A reasonable financial model is also an effective means to reduce financial fraud. In this paper, a financial fraud identification model is constructed based on empirical data. In the process of model construction, the primary feature set is selected according to the financial fraud motivation theory, and then, the original feature set is obtained by Mann–Whitney test on the primary feature set, and the final fraud identification feature set is selected from the original feature set by using Relief and Boruta algorithms. Finally, based on the final fraud identification feature set, the data algorithms such as decision tree, logistic regression, support vector machine, and random forest are used to identify financial fraud. The experimental results show that the combination of financial fraud identification features constructed by the Relief algorithm and random forest model has the best recognition effect. The evaluation indexes of the G mean value and the F value were 75.86% and 78.33%, respectively.
Numerical Investigation of the Trailing Edge Shape on the Added Damping of a Kaplan Turbine Runner
Authors: Ming Zhang , Mbango-Ngoma P. A. , Xiao-zhen Du , Qing-Guang Chen
Published: August 2021

Hydraulic turbine runners experience high excitation forces in their daily operations, and these excitations may cause resonances to runners, which may induce high vibrations and shorten the runner's lifetimes. Increasing the added damping of runners in water can be helpful to reduce the vibration level during resonances. Some studies have shown that the modification of the trailing edge shape can be helpful to increase added damping of hydrofoils in water. However, the influence of blade trailing edge shape on the added damping of hydraulic turbine runners has been studied in a limited way before. Due to the difficulties to study this problem experimentally, the influence of blade trailing edge shape on a Kaplan turbine runner has been studied numerically in this paper and the one-way FSI method was implemented. The performances of three different turbulence models, including the

k
−
ϵ

,

k
−
ω
 
SST

, and transition SST models, in the added damping simulation of the NACA 0009 hydrofoil were evaluated by comparing with the available results of the two-way FSI simulation in the references. Results show that, unlike the significantly different performances in the two-way FSI method, the performances of all the turbulence models are very close in the one-way FSI method. Then, the

k
−
ϵ

turbulence model was applied to the added damping simulation of a Kaplan turbine runner, and results show that the modification of the blade trailing edge shape can be helpful to increase the added damping to some extent.
On the Transmission of COVID-19 and Its Prevention and Control Management
Authors: Zeng Pinhong
Published: August 2021

The spread of an epidemic is a typical public emergency and also one of the major problems that humans need to tackle in the 21st century. Therefore, the research on the spread, prevention, and control of epidemics is quite an essential task. This paper first briefly described and analyzed the development of COVID-19 and then introduced the basic epidemic models and idealized the population in the epidemic area by dividing them into four categories (Classes S, E, I, and R). After that, it set the relevant parameters of the basic SEIR model and the modified one and worked out the relevant differential equations and iterative equations. According to the feature of the epidemic situation and the changes in the number of contacts in different units of time, the epidemic data were substituted into the iterative equations for data fitting with an R Package. Then, analysis was performed on the epidemiological features such as the transmission time and epidemic peak and the epidemic trend was evaluated. Finally, sensitivity analysis was conducted on the parameters (government control and recovery rate), and the results showed that measures such as government restrictions on travel (reducing the contacts between virus carriers and susceptible persons) can effectively control the scale of the outbreak.
A Novel Big Data Collection System for Ship Energy Efficiency Monitoring and Analysis Based on BeiDou System
Authors: Zeng Xiangming , Chen Mingzhi
Published: August 2021

The call for green shipping is increasing, and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from ships becomes more and more important. Traditional ship energy efficiency monitoring is based on the noon reports, which are susceptible to human error and have a time delay. Many ship energy efficiency monitoring systems have been designed and developed, but they usually cannot send data to the shore in time. In order to identify abnormal fuel consumption in time, this paper realizes a big data collection system for ship energy efficiency monitoring based on the BeiDou System. The system installed on two sister container ships has already collected a lot of data. Big data analysis methods, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis, are applied in the system to realize data visualization and analysis. Using PCA, it turns out that the shaft power of the main engine is related to a certain ship speed, which is also affected by load and weather conditions, and is the biggest factor in determining fuel consumption. To realize the assessment of hull fouling and the optimization of ship trim, a useful physics-based analysis is proposed. The analysis shows that the fouling of ship body greatly increases its resistance. Our analysis method can also find the best trim under specific loading condition. All these points are important for reducing fuel consumption and improving ship efficiency.
Numerical Simulation and Modeling on CO2 Sequestration Coupled with Enhanced Gas Recovery in Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Zhan Jie , Niu Zhihao , Li Mengmeng , Zhang Ying , Ma Xianlin , Fan Chao , Wang Ruifei
Published: August 2021

CO2 geological sequestration in shale is a promising method to mitigate global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions as well as to enhance the gas recovery to some degree, which effectively addresses the problems related to energy demand and climate change. With the data from the New Albany Shale in the Illinois Basin in the United States, the CMG-GEM simulator is applied to establish a numerical model to evaluate the feasibility of CO2 sequestration in shale gas reservoirs with potential enhanced gas recovery (EGR). To represent the matrix, natural fractures, and hydraulic fractures in shale gas reservoirs, a multicontinua porous medium model will be developed. Darcy’s and Forchheimer’s models and desorption-adsorption models with a mixing rule will be incorporated into the multicontinua numerical model to depict the three-stage flow mechanism, including convective gas flow mainly in fractures, dispersive gas transport in macropores, and CH4-CO2 competitive sorption phenomenon in micropores. With the established shale reservoir model, different CO2 injection schemes (continuous injection vs. pulse injection) for CO2 sequestration in shale gas reservoirs are investigated. Meanwhile, a sensitivity analysis of the reservoir permeability between the hydraulic fractures of production and injection wells is conducted to quantify its influence on reservoir performance. The permeability multipliers are 10, 100, and 1,000 for the sensitivity study. The results indicate that CO2 can be effectively sequestered in shale reservoirs. But the EGR of both injection schemes does not perform well as expected. In the field application, it is necessary to take the efficiency of supplemental energy utilization, the CO2 sequestration ratio, and the effect of injected CO2 on the purity of produced methane into consideration to design an optimal execution plan. The case with a permeability multiplier of 1,000 meets the demand for both CO2 sequestration and EGR, which indicates that a moderate secondary stimulation zone needs to be formed between the primary hydraulic fractures of injection and production wells to facilitate the efficient energy transfer between interwell as well as to prevent CO2 from channeling. To meet the demand for CO2 sequestration in shale gas reservoirs with EGR, advanced and effective fracking is essential.
Targeting Notch Inhibitors to the Myeloma Bone Marrow Niche Decreases Tumor Growth and Bone Destruction without Gut Toxicity
Authors: Sabol Hayley M. , Ferrari Adam J. , Adhikari Manish , Amorim Tânia , McAndrews Kevin , Anderson Judith , Vigolo Michele , Lehal Rajwinder , Cregor Meloney , Khan Sharmin , Cuevas Pedro L. , Helms Jill A. , Kurihara Noriyoshi , Srinivasan Venkat , Ebetino Frank H. , Boeckman Robert K. , Roodman G. David , Bellido Teresita , Delgado-Calle Jesus
Published: August 2021

Systemic inhibition of Notch with γ-secretase inhibitors (GSI) decreases multiple myeloma tumor growth, but the clinical use of GSI is limited due to its severe gastrointestinal toxicity. In this study, we generated a GSI Notch inhibitor specifically directed to the bone (BT-GSI). BT-GSI administration decreased Notch target gene expression in the bone marrow, but it did not alter Notch signaling in intestinal tissue or induce gut toxicity. In mice with established human or murine multiple myeloma, treatment with BT-GSI decreased tumor burden and prevented the progression of multiple myeloma-induced osteolytic disease by inhibiting bone resorption more effectively than unconjugated GSI at equimolar doses. These findings show that BT-GSI has dual anti-myeloma and anti-resorptive properties, supporting the therapeutic approach of bone-targeted Notch inhibition for the treatment of multiple myeloma and associated bone disease.

Significance:

Development of a bone-targeted Notch inhibitor reduces multiple myeloma growth and mitigates cancer-induced bone destruction without inducing the gastrointestinal toxicity typically associated with inhibition of Notch.
Hypoxia Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Growth by Activating a Glycogen Metabolic Program
Authors: Tang Ke , Zhu Liyan , Chen Jie , Wang Dianheng , Zeng Liping , Chen Chen , Tang Liang , Zhou Li , Wei Keke , Zhou Yabo , Lv Jiadi , Liu Yuying , Zhang Huafeng , Ma Jingwei , Huang Bo
Published: August 2021

Hypoxia is known to be commonly present in breast tumor microenvironments. Stem-like cells that repopulate breast tumors, termed tumor-repopulating cells (TRC), thrive under hypoxic conditions, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that hypoxia promotes the growth of breast TRCs through metabolic reprogramming. Hypoxia mobilized transcription factors HIF1α and FoxO1 and induced epigenetic reprogramming to upregulate cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1), a key enzyme that initiates gluconeogenesis. PCK1 subsequently triggered retrograde carbon flow from gluconeogenesis to glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. The resultant NADPH facilitated reduced glutathione production, leading to a moderate increase of reactive oxygen species that stimulated hypoxic breast TRC growth. Notably, this metabolic mechanism was absent in differentiated breast tumor cells. Targeting PCK1 synergized with paclitaxel to reduce the growth of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). These findings uncover an altered glycogen metabolic program in breast cancer, providing potential metabolic strategies to target hypoxic breast TRCs and TNBC.

Significance:

Hypoxic breast cancer cells trigger self-growth through PCK1-mediated glycogen metabolism reprogramming that leads to NADPH production to maintain a moderate ROS level.
ADGRL4/ELTD1 Expression in Breast Cancer Cells Induces Vascular Normalization and Immune Suppression
Authors: Sheldon Helen , Bridges Esther , Silva Ildefonso , Masiero Massimo , Favara David M. , Wang Dian , Leek Russell , Snell Cameron , Roxanis Ioannis , Kreuzer Mira , Gileadi Uzi , Buffa Francesca M. , Banham Alison , Harris Adrian L.
Published: August 2021

ELTD1/ADGRL4 expression is increased in the vasculature of a number of tumor types and this correlates with a good prognosis. Expression has also been reported in some tumor cells with high expression correlating with a good prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and a poor prognosis in glioblastoma. Here we show that 35% of primary human breast tumors stain positively for ELTD1, with 9% having high expression that correlates with improved relapse-free survival. Using immunocompetent, syngeneic mouse breast cancer models we found that tumors expressing recombinant murine Eltd1 grew faster than controls, with an enhanced ability to metastasize and promote systemic immune effects. The Eltd1-expressing tumors had larger and better perfused vessels and tumor–endothelial cell interaction led to the release of proangiogenic and immune-modulating factors. M2-like macrophages increased in the stroma along with expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor and immune cells, to create an immunosuppressive microenvironment that allowed Eltd1-regulated tumor growth in the presence of an NY-ESO-1–specific immune response. Eltd1-positive tumors also responded better to chemotherapy which could explain the relationship to a good prognosis observed in primary human cases. Thus, ELTD1 expression may enhance delivery of therapeutic antibodies to reverse the immunosuppression and increase response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in this subset of tumors. ELTD1 may be useful as a selection marker for such therapies.

Implications:

ELTD1 expression in mouse breast tumors creates an immunosuppressive microenvironment and increases vessel size and perfusion. Its expression may enhance the delivery of therapies targeting the immune system.
Measured Versus Estimated Resting Metabolic Rate in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Anderson Theresa , Cascino Thomas M. , Koelling Todd M. , Perry Daniel , Grafton Gillian , Houston Denise K. , Upadhya Bharathi , Kitzman Dalane W. , Hummel Scott L.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Obesity is common in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and a hypocaloric diet can improve functional capacity. Malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty are also frequently present, and calorie restriction could harm some patients. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is an essential determinant of caloric needs; however, it is rarely measured in clinical practice. The accuracy of commonly used predictive equations in HFpEF is unknown.

Methods:

RMR was measured with indirect calorimetry in 43 patients with HFpEF undergoing right heart catheterization at the University of Michigan, and among 49 participants in the SECRET trial (Study of the Effects of Caloric Restriction and Exercise Training in Patients With Heart Failure and a Normal Ejection Fraction); SECRET patients also had dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition measures. Measured RMR was compared with RMR estimated using the Harris Benedict, Mifflin-St Jeor, World Health Organization, and Academy for Nutrition and Dietetics equations.

Results:

All predictive equations overestimated RMR (by >10%,
P
<0.001 for all), with mean (95% CI) differences Harris Benedict equation +250 (186–313), Mifflin-St. Jeor equation +169 (110–229), World Health Organization equation +300 (239–361), and Academy for Nutrition and Dietetics equation +794 (890–697) kcal/day. Results were similar across both patient groups, and the discrepancy between measured and estimated RMR tended to increase with body mass index. In SECRET, measured RMR was closely associated with lean body mass (ρ=0.74; by linear regression adjusted for age and sex: β=27 [95% CI, 18–36] kcal/day per kg,
P
<0.001; r
2
=0.56).

Conclusions:

Commonly used predictive equations systematically overestimate measured RMR in patients with HFpEF. Direct measurement of RMR may be needed to effectively tailor dietary guidance in this population.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique Identifier: NCT00959660.
Safety of Endomyocardial Biopsy in New-Onset Acute Heart Failure Requiring Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: van der Boon Robert M.A. , den Dekker Wijnand K. , Meuwese Christiaan L. , Lorusso Roberto , von der Thüsen Jan H. , Constantinescu Alina C. , Manintveld Olivier C. , Delnoij Thijs S.R. , van der Heijden Joris. J. , van Mieghem Nicolas M.D.A. , den Uil Corstiaan A.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) has an important role in determining the pathogenesis of new-onset acute heart failure (new-AHF) when noninvasive testing is impossible. However, data on safety and histopathologic outcomes in patients requiring veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is lacking.

Methods:

A retrospective, multicenter cohort of patients undergoing EMB while requiring VA-ECMO for new-AHF between 1990 and 2020 was compared with a cohort of nontransplant related biopsies not requiring VA-ECMO. Primary end point of the study was to determine the safety of EMB. Additionally, we describe the underlying pathogenesis causing new-AHF based on histopathologic examination of the samples obtained.

Results:

A total of 23 patients underwent EMB while requiring VA-ECMO (10.0%), 125 (54.3%) during an unplanned admission, and 82 (35.7%) in elective setting. Major complications occurred in 8.3% of all procedures with a significantly higher rate in patients requiring VA-ECMO (26.1% versus 8.0% versus 3.7%,
P
=0.003) predominately due to the occurrence of sustained ventricular tachycardia or need of resuscitation (13.0% versus 3.2% versus 1.2%,
P
=0.02). EMB led to a histopathologic diagnosis in 78.3% of the patients requiring VA-ECMO which consisted primarily of patients with myocarditis (73.9%).

Conclusions:

EMB in patients requiring VA-ECMO can be performed albeit with a substantial risk of major complications. The risk of the procedure was offset by a histopathologic diagnosis in 78.3% of the patients, which for the majority consisted of patients with myocarditis. The important therapeutic and prognostic implications of establishing an underlying pathogenesis causing new-AHF in this population warrant further refinement to improve procedural safety.
Sustainable Energy for All? Assessing Global Distributive Justice in the Green Climate Fund’s Energy Finance
Authors: Dorman Diana R. , Ciplet David
Published: August 2021

There is growing international attention to the goal of universal energy access. Despite this, large financial gaps remain a major obstacle for realizing global energy justice for all communities. Drawing on political theories of global distributive justice, this article develops and applies a framework for how multilateral development assistance for energy projects can be evaluated in relation to three guiding principles. First, the global difference principle asserts that resources should be distributed to maximize the condition of the least well-off humans. Second, the local benefits principle asserts that resources should be distributed in ways that enhance the public goods of local communities, particularly those that are historically marginalized. Third, the global equality of opportunity principle asserts that all social groups and states have the capabilities to equitably access institutional structures relevant to the distribution of resources. We apply this framework to an analysis of finance for all energy projects within the Green Climate Fund (GCF) from 2015 to 2018. In doing so, we offer a nuanced understanding of the successes and failures regarding the performance of the GCF’s energy portfolio in relation to global distributive justice.
Neural Synchrony for Adaptive Control
Authors: Verbeke Pieter , Verguts Tom
Published: August 2021

Cognitive control can be adaptive along several dimensions, including intensity (how intensely do control signal influence bottom–up processing) and selectivity (what information is selected for further processing). Furthermore, control can be exerted along slow or fast time scales. Whereas control on a slow time scale is used to proactively prepare for upcoming challenges, control can also be used on a faster time scale to react to unexpected events that require control. Importantly, a systematic comparison of these dimensions and time scales remains lacking. Moreover, most current models of adaptive control allow predictions only at a behavioral, not neurophysiological, level, thus seriously reducing the range of available empirical restrictions for informing model formulation. The current article addresses this issue by implementing a control loop in an earlier model of neural synchrony. The resulting model is tested on a Stroop task. We observe that only the model that exerts cognitive control on intensity and selectivity dimensions, as well as on two time scales, can account for relevant behavioral and neurophysiological data. Our findings hold important implications for both cognitive control and how computational models can be empirically constrained.
“Mock Jewish” in Early Twentieth-Century Tunisia: Linguistic Form and Social Meaning
Authors: Koerber Benjamin
Published: August 2021

The article presents a sociolinguistic profile of “Mock Jewish,” or the stylized varieties of Judeo-Arabic deployed for humorous purposes in early twentieth-century Tunisian public culture. We assembled a corpus of texts from both print and audio-visual media, including newspaper columns, television and radio performances, folktales, and plays, in which “Jewish” (yahūdī) or “Israelite” (isrāʾīlī) voices are stylized with exaggerated forms of linguistic difference. The purpose of the analysis is not to evaluate the inauthenticity of Mock Jewish vis-à-vis Judeo-Arabic proper, but to understand how performers deploy these markedly “Jewish” stylistic tactics to create diverse social meanings and assess the effects of these performances on language and society. We argue that Mock Jewish forms part of the broader “ideologies of linguistic differentiation” that construct Jewish speech as separate and distinct from non-Jewish varieties. However, the performances of Mock Jewish are not limited to sectarian polemic, but engage diverse targets, derive from different motivations, and provoke divergent responses from audiences.
Using Disability Studies in Education (dse) and Professional Development Schools (pds) to Implement Inclusive Practices
Authors: Elder Brent C. , Givens Lesa , LoCastro Andrea , Rencher Lisa
Published: August 2021

This article highlights ways in which disability studies in education (dse) and professional development school (pds) partnerships can be used to provide students with disability labels more access to inclusive classrooms. The authors of this qualitative exploratory case study interviewed 16 teacher and administration pds steering committee members to better understand how students with disability labels could be supported through the development and implementation of dse-informed inclusive practices. The findings indicate that instituting proactive communication structures, providing ongoing dse-informed professional development to teachers, administration, and staff, and teachers taking inclusive action increased the number of students with disability labels accessing general education classrooms. These findings, while a work in progress, show how members of one pds steering committee took steps to resist deficit models of disability and questioned traditional segregated approaches to special education at their school.
Virtual Equivalents of Real Objects (VEROs): A type of non-fungible token (NFT) that can help fund the 3D digitization of natural history collections
Authors: BOLTON SAMUEL J. , CORA JOSEPH R.
Published: August 2021

Describing a substantial proportion of the world’s species could be made much easier by the 3D digitization of collections, which would facilitate the dissemination of taxonomic information locked up in natural history museums. Three-dimensional imaging captures many characters and allows a lot of versatility in the way that morphological data is displayed and used (Wheeler et al. 2012; Faulwetter et al. 2013). Moreover, the loss and damage of valuable specimens, many of which are very fragile, can be reduced as a result of the use and sharing of 3D model substitutes among researchers. This can also lead to a reduction in the handling and transportation expenses of many specimens.
Seed morphology of Portulaca (Portulacaceae) in Cuba and taxonomic implications
Authors: GARCÍA-BELTRÁN JOSÉ ANGEL , BARRIOS DUNIEL , BÉCQUER ELDIS R. , ARIAS SALVADOR
Published: August 2021

Portulaca is the only genus in Portulacaceae and includes ca. 115 species with worldwide distribution. 12 species (one naturalized) occur in Cuba. The taxonomic value of seeds characters for the circumscription of species, by comparing macro- and micromorphological characters, is analyzed. The seeds of Cuban purslanes do not present association patterns between types of undulations of the anticline walls. The relief of their periclinal walls allows the corroborate certain variation in the distribution range of some species. The delimitation of Portulaca species in Cuba using seeds characters, provided as an identification key and descriptions, confirms the taxonomic value of such characters and strengthens the circumscriptions supported by the rest of the plant structures. This is largely given by the standardization of macromorphological terms with a micromorphological basis, the color of the mature seeds and their dimensions.