bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Piping Vibration due to Pressure Pulsations: Review
Authors: Ghazali M. Haryzul , Hee Lim Meng , Leong M. Salman
Published: December 2013

Excessive piping vibrations are a major cause of machinery downtime, leaks, fatigue failure, high noise, fires and explosions in refineries and petrochemical plants. In piping system, vibration excitation sources may come from mechanical sources, hydraulics sources or can be the combination of both. Low level vibration amplitude can be amplified when acoustic natural frequency of piping system coincide with the mechanical natural frequency of the piping system of which could lead to piping failure. To address these issues, several condition monitoring techniques to assess and detect excessive piping vibration is discussed in this paper.
Effects of Various Seeding Methods on Multi-Layered Diamond Coatings Deposited via Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Yong Tze Mi , Hamzah Esah
Published: December 2013

Multi-layer alternating nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) layer and polycrystalline diamond (PCD) layer was successfully deposited on pretreated tungsten carbide (WC) substrates with various seeding sizes (<0.1μm synthetic, <0.5μm synthetic, <0.25μm natural, <0.5μm natural, and <1μm natural) diamond with and without hammering by silicon carbide. X-rays penetrate through the coating to the substrate from XRD method was able to show strong peaks of diamond relative to WC despite the diamond film being 4μm thick only. It is found that substrates with no hammering produce stronger signals. The coating was cross sectioned and analysed using field emission scanning electron microscopy showing the multi-layer with NCD grains that has coalesced and columnar structure for PCD. None of the diamond coating delaminated during cross sectioning showing good adhesion. Raman was able to capture data from the 1-1.6μm thick NCD layer only while AFM measured the extreme low roughness of the NCD surface.
A Delamination in a Three Layers Laminated Beam Subjected to Thermal Gradient
Authors: Oda Mikio , Anis Farhana Binti Ibrahim , Nakamura Y.
Published: December 2013

A laminated beam containing an initial delamination subjected to thermal gradient is analyzed on the basis of classical beam theory. The axial forces are induced in the parts of the constituent beams above and below the delamination. For the case where crack faces are open, a nonlinear equation for determining the in-plane forces is derived by modeling the delaminated part as two lapped beams hinged at both ends, and by imposing the compatibility condition of the deformations of the two beams. Numerical solutions are obtained for some model beams. It is shown that the relative displacement at the center of the delamination increases gradually with the increase very rapidly, i.e., local delamination buckling occurs. Energy release rate is small for temperature gradient below the critical value, but it takes a large value when the temperature gradient is increased beyond the critical value.
Three-Dimensional Potential and Electric Field Distributions in HV Cable Insulation Containing Multiple Cavities
Authors: Hadi Nabipour Afrouzi , Abdul-Malek Zulkurnain , Mashak Saeed Vahabi , Naderipour A.R.
Published: December 2013

Cross-linked polyethylene is widely used as electrical insulation because of its excellent electrical properties such as low dielectric constant, low dielectric loss and also due to its excellent chemical resistance and mechanical flexibility. Nevertheless, the most important reason for failure of high voltage equipment is due to its insulation failure. The electrical properties of an insulator are affected by the presence of cavities within the insulating material, in particular with regard to the electric field and potential distributions. In this paper, the electric field and potential distributions in high voltage cables containing single and multiple cavities are studied. Three different insulating media, namely PE, XLPE, and PVC was modeled. COMSOL software which utilises the finite element method (FEM) was used to carry out the simulation. An 11kV underground cable was modeled in 3D for better observation and analyses of the generated voltage and field distributions. The results show that the electric field is affected by the presence of cavities in the insulation. Furthermore, the field strength and uniformity are also affected by whether cavities are radially or axially aligned, as well as the type of the insulating solid. The effect of insulator type due the presence of cavities was seen most prevalent in PVC followed by PE and then XLPE.
Composition Modification of Electroplated Nickel Interlayer on Tungsten Carbide Substrate by Thermal Carburizing
Authors: Wahab Hassan A. , Noordin M.Y. , Izman S. , Kamdi Zakiah , Kurniawan Denni
Published: December 2013

Nickel enables nucleation and growth of well oriented diamond crystals from the small lattice mismatch between nickel and diamond. However, its solubility for carbon causes carbon loss during diamond deposition and, consequently, results in poor nucleation density. In this study, carburizing of Ni/WC-Co specimens in high temperature furnace with inert gas atmosphere was adopted to provide nickel with sufficient carbon prior to diamond deposition. This process was carried out using charcoal powder as source of carbon at different treatment temperatures (750°C and 850°C) and durations (20min and 60min). Effect of the process in altering the nickel layer composition was characterized by microscopy, element analysis, and phase identification techniques. Results show that carburization leads to formation of metallic phases, such as nickel carbide and nickel cobalt, which are considered beneficial for diamond nucleation and growth.
Modelling the Elastic Constants of Cubic Zirconia Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Muhammad Ibrahim Dauda , Awang Mokhtar , Mamat Othman
Published: December 2013

Analysis of structural and mechanical properties of cubic zirconia was conducted using a simulation code (GULP) that is based on the concept of energy minimization. Some mechanical properties of zirconia were computed such as elastic constant tensors, shear modulus, bulk modulus, Youngs modulus and others along the lattice planes. The stiffness constants obtained (C11, C22 and C33) were equal, implying that zirconia is flexible in all directions of the lattice plane. The predicted bulk modulus was 285 GPa with the shear modulus ranging between 78 and 105 GPa. The Youngs modulus of 577 GPa indicates higher ductile behavior as confirmed by the compressibility of 0.0035. The Poissons ratio with values ranging from 0.16 to 0.31 may indicate high anisotropy. Other acoustic features related to mechanical properties of zirconia such as velocity wave ratio, stress matrix dielectric constants and others were also analyzed. All estimations obtained show good agreement to recent measured properties of zirconia.
Failure Analysis of Cementless Hip Joint Prosthesis
Authors: Dhandapani Natesan , Gnanavelbabu A. , Sivasankar M.
Published: December 2013

In this changing global scenario, modification, transplantation, and replacement can be the eternal solution for most of the problems in the medical field. Hence replacement technique finds a very prominent place in medicine as a remedy having closely tied up with biomechanics. One of the most important joints in the human body is the hip joint, the big and complex joint. Many researches were conducted and many are in progress, but most of these works use simplified models with either 2D or 3D approaches. The hip joint is formed by four components like femoral head cortical bone, stem, and neck. In this system we can find orthotropic and isotropic materials working together. The main objective of this research is to develop a three dimensional surface and solid finite element model of the hip joint to predict stresses in its individual components. This model is a geometric non-linear model, which helps us understand its structural mechanical behavior, seeming to suggest with advanced research in the future new hip joint prosthesis, as well as to prove the prosthesis joint interaction before being implanted in the patient. This research explains a complete human hip joint model without cartilaginous tissue, using ANSYS 10.0 Multiphysics Analysis for nine different postures in hip joint using three different materials (CoCr, Ti6Al4V, and UHMWPE) to calculate fatigue life. The result obtained from the analysis of surface model and solid model serve to help in predicting the life cycle, surface characteristics, shear stress in XY plane, stress concentration and areas that are prone to failure. Von Mises stress on the surface of our model facilitates us to equip and design an optimized prosthesis device having unique materials composition , with a highly bio-compatible and durable alloy at a low cost could be produced. In this way, a first important step towards the structural characterization of human hip joint has been developed.
Surface Modification of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel by Low Temperature Thermochemical Hybrid Heat Treatment at 450° C
Authors: Adenan M.S. , Berhan M.N. , Haruman E.
Published: December 2013

An approach has been made in developing hybrid heat treatment process for improvement of surface properties of duplex stainless steel (DSS). The process was performed using horizontal tube furnace at temperature of 450° C at holding time of 4, 8, 16 and 30 hours. Carbon and nitrogen elements were simultaneously introduced onto the surface of DSS with a ratio of 5% CH4 + 25% NH3 + 70% N2. The microstructure, phase analysis, surface hardness and hardness profile were systematically assessed. Hybrid heat treatment process managed to produce diffusional layer, where longer holding time had increased the thickness of the layer and improved the surface hardness. Expanded austenite phase has been formed at specimens 8, 16 and 30 hours. Longer holding time however gradually diffused Cr2N at the ferrite grains at the substrates. From the process, it can be concluded that low temperature hybrid heat treatment be able to improve the surface hardness of DSS however concern on holding time must be highly considered.
Time-Frequency Signal Analysis in Machinery Fault Diagnosis: Review
Authors: Hui Kar Hoou , Hee Lim Meng , Leong M. Salman , Abdelrhman Ahmed M.
Published: December 2013

Growing demand of machines such as gas turbine, pump, and compressor in power generation, aircraft, and other fields have yielded the transformation of machine maintenance strategy from corrective and preventive to condition-based maintenance. Real-time fault diagnosis has grabbed attention of researchers in looking for a better approach to overcome current limitation. The parameters of health condition in machinery could be monitored thus faults could be detected and diagnosed by using signal analysis approach. Since some fault signals are non-stationary or time dependent in nature, therefore time-frequency signal analysis is crucial for machinery fault diagnosis. Common time-frequency signal analysis methods are such as short time Fourier transform (STFT), wavelets analysis, empirical mode decomposition (EMD), Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), etc. This review provides a summary of the basic principle of signal analysis, the most recent researches, and some advantages and limitations associated to each types of time-frequency signal analysis method.
Finite-Element Study on Effect of String Tension toward Coefficient of Restitution of a Badminton Racket String-Bed
Authors: Fakhrizal A. Nasruddin , Ardiyansyah Syahrom , Harun Muhamad Noor , Kadir Mohammed Rafiq Abdul , Omar Abdul Hafidz
Published: December 2013

Understanding of racket parameters is important for players to gain the best racket which could improve their games performances. This present study was aimed to investigate the effect of string tension toward performance of coefficient of restitution (COR) by neglecting the effect of racket frame stiffness. A finite element simulation of collision between ball and string-bed was performed in Abaqus explicit. The ball was dropped onto the centre of mass (CM) of the string-bed area with different values of string tension. From the results, the increasing values of string tension lead to increase values of COR. This finding will contribute to the enlargement of sweet spot in badminton racket as well as improving the player performances.
Tensile Behaviour of Al5052 Alloy Sheets Annealed at Different Temperatures
Authors: Mugendiran V , Gnanavelbabu A. , Ramadoss R
Published: December 2013

With recent development in automotive industries, aluminium alloys have great demand in sheet metal fabrication industries. Sheet metal forming at slightly elevated temperatures is more acceptable in forming operations. The mechanical properties such as yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and percentage of elongation are very influential in determining the formability of sheet metals in various applications. In this paper, tensile property of Al5052 alloy is investigated at constant strain rate under different annealing conditions from room to 350°C. Servo controlled universal testing machine was used for tensile testing. The results of tensile testing indicate that the tensile properties including yield strength, ultimate tensile strength decreases and elongation percentage increases with the increase in annealing temperature. The analysis shows that the formability parameters, strain hardening index and strength coefficient increase with increase in annealing temperatures.
Analysis of Axial Vibration in the Laminated Rubber-Metal Spring
Authors: Salim Mohd Azli , Putra Azma , Abdullah Mohd Azman
Published: December 2013

The laminated rubber-metal spring is well known in application as the vibration isolator for earthquake protection. The spring is therefore designed to be able to sustain the vibration waves from horizontal direction. This paper discusses the possibility of the laminated spring to be employed for other applications where the excitation mainly comes from axial direction, such as to isolate vibration transmission from heavy engine. The model is first developed for a simple finite rod to simulate the effect of internal resonances at high frequency when the wavelength is much smaller than the length of the rod. The effect of metal plates inserted in the rubber is then modelled using the lumped parameter system. The results are presented in terms of the vibration transmissibility.
Adhesion Strength of HFCVD Diamond Coating on WC Substrate Seeded with Diamond and Different Ratios of SiC Powders
Authors: Nazim Engku Mohammad , Izman Sudin , Ourdjini Ali , Abubakar T. , Mas-Ayu H.
Published: December 2013

The effect of seeding using different mixtures of diamond and silicon carbide (SiC) powders on the adhesion strength of hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) diamond coating on WC-6% Co substrates was studied. Diamond powders with the average grain size of 0.5 μm mixed with various concentrations of SiC powder of 175μm average grain size were employed. Diamond layers were deposited using a production unit of HFCVD technique. The diamond film morphology and the diamond quality were examined using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectrometer respectively. It was found that the diamond morphologies produced and the qualities were almost the same for all the seeding mixtures of pretreatment. With the blasting technique employed to determine the adhesion strength it was found that the highest diamond film adhesion strength was achieved from the seeding of a mixture of diamond with 5g/l SiC powder.
Recycling of Aluminium - Developing Design Criteria for Aluminium Cans Compressor
Authors: Kowang Tan Owee , Long Choi Sang , Rasli Amran Bin Mohd , Bin Mohd Daril Mohd Amran , Mustapha Ishamuddin
Published: December 2013

Aluminium used in beverage containers or cans is a sustainable material and can be recycled repeatedly. In Malaysia, the activities of collecting aluminium beverage cans for recycle normally involve a process of compressing aluminium cans manually in order to reduce storage space. The cans compression process is very time consuming and unproductive. In addition, there is no standard aluminium cans compressor tool that available in the market currently. As such, this paper aims to identify users requirements on the potential tool that could be used to compress aluminium beverage cans, follows by transform the important users requirements to a set of design criteria for the development of aluminium cans compressor. In line with this, six important factors that influence users purchase decision on household product were identified from literature review. The important factors were adapted into a questionnaire to collect and identify users preferred requirements on aluminium cans compressor via Voice of Customer technique. Subsequently, Pareto analysis and t-test were applied to define the most important and significant users requirements that influenced user purchase decision. As a result, a list of important users requirements is generated, which is also served as the design criteria for the development of a new aluminium cans compressor. Finding from the paper suggested that the most important design criteria for the potential aluminium cans compressor are consisted of safety, cost, performance and reliability requirements.
The Utilization Potential of Rice Husk as an Alternative Energy Source for Power Plants in Indonesia
Authors: Anshar Muhammad , Abd Kader Ab Saman , Ani Farid Nasir
Published: December 2013

The utilization of rice husk as an alternative fuel for the power plant in Indonesia is still under study. In present, steam power plants in Indonesia are still using coal fuel. This study was conducted to obtain data on the development potential of rice husk within 12 years duration. The potential of rice husk for each province was obtained by analyzing the rice production of 22 provinces that have rice production greater than 1 million tons per year. The study shows that the potential of rice husk and potential electrical energy increased by about 36.8% within 12 years or an average increase of around 3.1% per year. For the potential of rice husk in 22 provinces, the total gain was estimated 12.76 × 106 tons which is equivalent to 6.62 × 106 tons of coal or equivalent to 3.68 × 106 tons of oil. The available capacity of power plants is around 5,664 MW with the potential of electric energy is around 49,622 GWh. This potential is equivalent to 50% of the energy needs of coal in Indonesia in 2011, which was about 99,312 GWh. In conclusion, rice husk is indeed potential to be used as an alternative fuel in power plants thanks to its increasing yearly production and ability for distribution to all provinces in Indonesia.
Probabilistic Formulation for Emergency Facility Location in a Divided Area
Authors: Mirzapour Seyed Ali , Wong Kuan Yew , Hosseini Seyedeh Sabereh , Shiripour Saber
Published: December 2013

Capacitated minimax facility location-allocation (LA) is a type of facility problem which is of prime importance for emergency situation, since it directly affects the service response time to customers. Capacitated minimax LA problem is concerned with locating some new facilities and allocating their capacity to customers when the maximum travelled distance from customers to facilities is minimized. This study involves a fixed line barrier in a region with some border crossings along it which divides the area into two subregions. Although several studies have recently been done on this problem in which the customer locations are known with certainty, much less attention has been devoted to developing a comprehensive mathematical model for the probabilistic extension of customer locations when there are some restrictions in the region. In order to fill this gap, a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) model is proposed for facility LA when customer locations are randomly distributed according to a bivariate normal probability distribution. Finally, the BARON solver in the GAMS software is used to solve the model, and a numerical example is provided to demonstrate its efficiency.
Multi-Floor Facility Layout Improvement Using Systematic Layout Planning
Authors: Hosseini Seyedeh Sabereh , Wong Kuan Yew , Mirzapour Seyed Ali , Ahmadi Reza
Published: December 2013

This study aims at improving the multi-floor layout of a card and packet production company based on the Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) method. A detailed study of the facility layout such as its operational processes, flow of materials and activity relationships has been done. Long distance, cross-traffic, and cost have been identified as the major problems of the current multi-floor layout. Three alternative layouts were suggested by SLP and the best alternative was selected and compared with the current layout. The results revealed that the new alternative layout could considerably improve the companys layout problems.
A Knowledge-Based Analytics System via Online Monitoring of Dissolved Gas in Power Transformer – A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Rahman Mohd Radzian A. , Ridwan Mohd Iqbal
Published: December 2013

The monitoring of dissolved combustible gases in power transformer oil could enable early detection of disastrous fault. The conventional dissolved gases in oil monitoring activities have these characteristic: 1) periodically sampling and 2) manual interpretation of combustible gases. However, periodical sampling increases number of undetected fault due to long sampling interval and manual interpretation of dissolved gas is often too complex for system operator to digest, resulting in reduced reliability of the power system and lack of situational awareness. To enhance the condition based monitoring activities for power transformer; TNB Research is embarking on online monitoring and knowledge-based system research project to address both issues related to periodical sampling method. This paper outlines the conceptual framework of the research project which was recently approved. It includes (1) the system architecture of the online monitoring system, (2) brief explanation of the mechanism of photo-acoustic spectroscopy, (3) the engineering system situational awareness framework which integrates different levels of automation and (4) blocks of knowledge sources theory used in modeling the engineering system.
A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for Solving Job Shop Scheduling Problems
Authors: Piroozfard Hamed , Hassan Adnan , Moghadam Ali Mokhtari , Derakhshan Asl Ali
Published: December 2013

Job shop scheduling problems are immensely complicated problems in machine scheduling area, and they are classified as NP-hard problems. Finding optimal solutions for job shop scheduling problems with exact methods incur high cost, therefore, looking for approximate solutions with meta-heuristics are favored instead. In this paper, a hybrid framework which is based on a combination of genetic algorithm and simulated annealing is proposed in order to minimize maximum completion time i.e. makespan. In the proposed algorithm, precedence preserving order-based crossover is applied which is able to generate feasible offspring. Two types of mutation operators namely swapping and insertion mutation are used in order to maintain diversity of population and to perform intensive search. Furthermore, a new approach is applied for arranging operations on machines, which improved solution quality and decreased computational time. The proposed hybrid genetic algorithm is tested with a set of benchmarking problems, and simulation results revealed efficiency of the proposed hybrid genetic algorithm compared to conventional genetic based algorithm.
Solving a Capacitated p-Median Location Allocation Problem Using Genetic Algorithm: A Case Study
Authors: Moghadam Ali Mokhtari , Piroozfard Hamed , Ma'aram Azanizawati Bt , Mirzapour Seyed Ali
Published: December 2013

Facility location-allocation problems have various applications in private and public sectors. A capacitated p-median problem is considered in this work which is computationally NP-Hard. The primary goal of this paper was to determine a set of p-facilities location in which all demand points are allocated and its average distance traveled from the customers’ location to the selected p-facilities is minimized. In addition, the model also considered supplier’s allocation for p facilities. A real world case study has been addressed, and genetic algorithm which consists of crossover and mutation operators was proposed in order to solve the problem. Computational results for different values of p were generated, and finally the optimum solution based on minimum cost was reported.
Preliminary Framework of Sustainable Maintenance Performance Measurement Systems for Automotive Companies
Authors: Sari Emelia , Shaharoun Awaluddin Bin Mohamed , Ma'aram Azanizawati Bt
Published: December 2013

Sustainability has significantly emerged as a critical issue in automotive companies as they have been compelled to be more environmentally benign. Moreover, the role of maintenance management has also been increased as a crucial support function to become a successful and sustainable automotive company. Consequently, it is essential to incorporate sustainability thinking into maintenance management. This paper presents a preliminary framework for sustainable maintenance performance measurement system (SMPMS). The SMPMS is addressed to ensure maintenance management objectives are in-line with overall company objectives in terms of sustainability that balances economic, environmental and social factors.
Modeling and Simulation of a Heat Recovery Steam Generator Using Partially Known Design Point Data
Authors: G. Zewge Mesfin , Lemma T.A. , Ibrahim A.A. , Sujan D.
Published: December 2013

In a cogeneration or combined heat and power plant, a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) helps achieve overall thermal efficiency as high as 80%. The purpose of this study is to model and simulate the HRSG given partial design point data. The pinch and approach temperatures are optimized within generally accepted range. In order to satisfy the energy conservation equation, tuning parameters are used for the overall heat transfer coefficients corresponding to the evaporator and economizer. For the off-design simulation, the values of pinch and approach temperatures are adjusted until the modeling error is within a set limit. The effect of mass flow rate on the heat transfer coefficient is accounted for & by employing empirical relations. A 12 Ton/hr natural circulation HRSG was considered as a case study. The validation test on inlet temperatures of the exhaust gas and feed water to the economizer demonstrated relative percentage errors of 0.4246% and 1.8776%, respectively. The model can be used for fault detection and diagnostic system design, performance optimization, and environmental load assessment.
Considered Values for a Supplier Selection Case at an Automotive Company
Authors: Guerhardt Flávio , Vanalle R.M.
Published: December 2013

New ways of relationship and operation between clients and suppliers have been applied by companies looking forward to improvements in their chains, supplier evaluation and selection problem has been studied extensively. This paper aims to present and identify a supplier selection process applied in a huge automotive company. The resource is developed based on a methodological approach of the case studies. The result aims to contribute with the decision process in the choice of qualified suppliers.
Review of the Relationship between Reverse Logistics and Competitiveness
Authors: Andrade Regiane P. , Lucato W.C. , Vanalle R.M. , Vieira Jr. Milton
Published: December 2013

The objective of this paper is to show, by means of a theoretical review, the influence of reversal logistics on the enterprise competitiveness. Also the relationship between competitive variables and reversal logistics are discussed and analyzed.
A Review of Inventory Management for Remanufacturing Environment
Authors: Pourghadim Vahid Abbasgholi , Noordin M.Y. , Wong Kuan Yew
Published: December 2013

This paper outlines work carried out in the field of inventory management on remanufacturing. So far numerous authors have proposed quantitative models taking inventory management in remanufacturing into consideration. However, no general framework has been specified yet. Thus, it appears timely for a composed outline of the issues showing up in the context of remanufacturing inventory control. In this review, the area is subdivided into three main fields, in particular inventory policies, deterministic & stochastic models and lead time effects. For each of the aforementioned fields, the models proposed in the literature are reviewed and the areas in necessity of further research are indicated.
A Conceptual Model of Work Productivity Associated with Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Industrial Repetitive Task
Authors: Mohd Nur Nurhayati , Md Dawal Siti Zawiah , Dahari Mahidzal
Published: December 2013

The performance of workers is a very important factor that could affect the overall productivity result. In the industrial repetitive task, the performance of direct workers has a significant impact on the work productivity. In this kind of task, the work productivity loss is not only seen from time loss but also due to functional incapacity of the workers. The workers are present at work but functionally limited due to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). There are various studies which have reported on the effects of WMSDs on the work productivity, but few attempts have been made to investigate the relationship. This study aims to develop a conceptual model of work productivity associated with WMSDs as an aid to identify the relationship between the risks of WMSDs and the work productivity. The knowledge on the relationship is important to reduce the risk of WMSDs and at the same time can optimize the work productivity. A conceptual model of work productivity associated with WMSDs in the industrial repetitive task was developed based on the review on the existing models and theories. The factors involved in the model were discussed. The factors involved were work-related physical risk factors, muscle fatigue, work-related musculoskeletal disorders and work productivity.
Taguchi Method Approach for Recyling Chip Waste from Machining Aluminum (AA6061) Using Hot Press Forging Process
Authors: Shahrom Mohamad Syahmi , Yusoff Ahmad Razlan , Lajis Mohd Amri
Published: December 2013

This paper investigates the recycling waste aluminum alloy 6061 from high speed machine (HSM) machine using hot forging process. Hot forging process able to recover the grain structure of material by controlling certain pressure and temperature. The experiments conducted by Taguchi method design. Three factors selected are chip size, operating temperature and operating pressure with three levels for each factor. Both factors for operating temperature and pressure direct control from hot forging machine. The chip sizes are prepared from HSM machine using by three machine parameters, which are constant cutting speed and manipulate three levels for each parameter for feed rate and depth of cut. The final result between reference and experiment specimen shows the close gap in the tensile test. The main effect, signal noise ratio and analysis of variance were employed to investigate the results and the optimum parameters for hot forging process can be established. It can be concluded that the hot forging process able to recycle waste (chip) aluminum compared to the current recycling aluminum process.
Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment Matrix for Rotating Equipment
Authors: bin Abd Majid Mohd Amin , Wassan Rano Khan , Mokhtar Ainul Akmar
Published: December 2013

In petrochemical, power generation, oil and gas industries and in variety of other sectors rotating equipments are in use to fulfill production requirements. Failure of rotating equipment, especially in such industries can result to risk related issues. A well implemented rotating equipment risk assessment strategy is most needed to achieve desired plant availability and efficiency. In this research semi-quantitative risk assessment approach is proposed to evaluate the risk of rotating equipment and categorize their associated failure risks. Borda ranking is adopted to evaluate the risk in order to minimize risk ties which exist in risk matrix. Compressor is taken as case study to show the applicability of the proposed method for rotating equipment. It was observed that risks of selected failure modes of gas turbine compressor fall in the categories of serious and medium levels based on risk matrix. Rotor bend distortion, blade failure or inlet guide vane failures needed more attention for treatment based on Borda ranking.
Spray Characteristic of Diesel-Water Injector for Burner System
Authors: Khalid Amir , Amirnordin Shahrin Hisham , Lambosi Latip , Manshoor Bukhari , Sies Mohd Farid , Salleh Hamidon Bin
Published: December 2013

NOx and PM are the major product results from the combustion of diesel either in internal combustion engine or external burner system. Thus, the emulsification concept from diesel and water were studied with focusing in controlling of combustion process in order to minimize the harmful emission. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of diesel-water emulsification on mixture formation, burning process and flame development in burner system. The studied parameters include equivalent ratio, water content in diesel-water emulsification and spray characteristics such as spray penetration length, spray angle and spray area. The spray image of different diesel-water ratio and equivalence ratio can be investigated by direct photography method with a digital camera. The real spray images with the time changes was analyzed and compared with based diesel fuel. The results show that the higher of water contents due to higher viscosity influences the higher penetration length and lower spray angle thus predominantly the lower combustible mixture and lower the flame penetration.
Researches on Mitigation of Risks of Logistics Finance Caused by Information Not Fully Shared
Authors: Sun Xue Hua , Chu Xue Jian
Published: December 2013

As we all know that the key problems of logistics finance are risk aversion. In order to strengthen the practicality of logistics finance, the paper adopts three-dimensional stereogram to analyse nine risks of logistics finance. In order to minimize these risks, RFID and other Internet technologies are applied to design the visual impact of approach for reducing the risks, when the information among stakeholders is not fully shared.
Critical Success Factors for Lean Manufacturing: A Systematic Literature Review an International Comparison between Developing and Developed Countries
Authors: Zargun Shibani , Al-Ashaab Ahmed
Published: December 2013

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine lean critical success factors for manufacturing organisations in developing countries.Research methodology This paper is based on an extensive literature review of factors that influence the lean adoption process in developed countries and mapping these factors with lean current issues in developing countries to draw up successful factors suitable for developing countriesFindings The results of the literature review revealed several factors that influence the process of adopting lean manufacturing in developing countries, including the organisational infrastructure, trade agreements, political and economic environments, ability and willingness to change organisational structure and culture and, top management support and commitment.Limitations The recommended lean key factors are a conceptual-based model. An empirical based study is needed to provide practical evidence about the validity of that model
Conceptual Optimization Model of Inventory/Distribution Network with Multi Role Nodes
Authors: Omar Nor Miza Hazwani , Tap Masine M. , Redzuan Norizah
Published: December 2013

Production and distribution planning might come as one integrated system or separately managed. The distribution planning may include the storage and handling of products, transportation and delivery of products, and so on. Some industries may have inventory/distribution network which are very complex, due to its distribution network and may also be subjected to specific routing restriction. The restriction may affect the optimization of the performance of the distribution network. The aim of this paper is to present a conceptual model which minimizes the total distribution cost for a multi production plant, multi distribution center and multi retailers under seasonal demand and multi time period. The supply chain under consideration comprises of multi role nodes as the production plant and/or distribution center.
Towards the Integration of Mobile Augmented Reality within an Aluminium Process Fault Detection and Diagnosis System
Authors: Aini Abd Majid Nazatul , Arshad Haslina
Published: December 2013

Mobile Augmented Reality (AR), which mixes the real world and the virtual world on hand-held devices, is a growing area of the manufacturing industry. Since mobile AR can be used to augment a users view of an industry plant, it provides alternative solutions for design, quality control, monitoring and control, service, and maintenance in complex process industries, such as the aluminium smelting industry. The objective of this paper is to discuss the integration of mobile AR within an aluminium industrial plant, in order to achieve effective fault detection and diagnosis. The possible integration of mobile AR within an aluminium fault detection and diagnosis system is shown with regard to four main functions, namely (1) plant information system, (2) fault history, (3) interactive troubleshooting, and (4) statistical analysis results. This paper opens up possible future works, where the potential use of mobile AR can be explored as an additional user interface component, for increasing the effectiveness of process monitoring within the aluminium smelting process.
Effect of Peak Current on Material Removal Rate for Electrical Discharge Machining of Non-Conductive Al2O3 Ceramic
Authors: Moudood M.A. , Sabur A. , Mohammad Yeakub Ali , Jaafar I.H.
Published: December 2013

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a non-conventional machining process where materials are removed by the thermal energy exerted from series of electrical sparks. This process is applied for machining of non-conductive alumina (Al2O3). The workpiece is covered with the adhesive copper foil to initiate the initial spark between the workpiece and the tool electrode. A pyrolytic carbon (PyC) layer is generated on workpiece surface by dissociating kerosene dielectric after the machining of initial copper assisting electrode (AE) layer. In this study, experiments were performed by varying the peak current and keeping other parameters constant in order to investigate the effect of peak current on material removal rate (MRR) in EDM of Al2O3. The results showed that the lowest and the highest values of peak current were 1.1 A and 1.3 A, respectively. Material cannot be removed due to insufficient PyC layer generation for any values of peak current less than 1.1 A or more than 1.3 A. From the results, it is also observed that the MRR is increased when higher peak current values are used. MRR was found to be 0.052 mm3/min at peak current 1.1 A and it was found to be 0.132 mm3/min at peak current 1.3 A.
Offline Programming to Control Robot Manipulator in Virtual Kinematic Learning Tool
Authors: Yir Khor Ching , Arshad Haslina , Sundararajan Elankovan
Published: December 2013

Robot programming demands skilled robot programmers. Conventional methods of robot programming include teaching robot using the teach pendant and the high level programming language. Teaching robot kinematics and solving kinematic problems are complex and they involve robot programming. With the advancement of computer and robotic technologies, this can be solved via computer simulation. In this paper, an approach for programming the robots manipulator via an offline virtual kinematic learning tool is proposed. A virtual system is developed which has a user interface for users to improve the knowledge of the robot manipulators kinematic. Basic kinematics note, exercise and forward kinematic calculation based on Danavit Hertenberg method was included in the system. A template will be provided to the user as a guide to develop the controller to control the simulation of the virtual robot. The input and output method will be used to transfer data from the controller to the offline kinematic learning tool. After receiving the input, the data is stored in a text file. This data will provide the value of each angle of the virtual robots to allow the system to generate the final position of the virtual robot and the virtual robot manipulator will be displayed and animated accordingly. Besides that, the offline robot programming will be generated by the system according the simulation planned by the user. This offline virtual kinematic simulation will help to provide a better understanding of the robot manipulators kinematic.
Autonomous Mobile Robot Platform for On-the-Road Navigation
Authors: Ali Mohammad Abdo Hashem , Mailah Musa , Tang Howe Hing , Rahim Mohd Akmal A.
Published: December 2013

This paper presents a mechatronic development of a new mobile robot platform for autonomous on-the-road navigation. It uses sensor fusion involving the camera, laser range finder (LRF) and odometry to guide and find the free collision path during navigation. The embedded controller system has been deliberately developed to integrate the mechanical parts with the electronics and software algorithms. Microsoft Visual C# and MATLAB are linked together to perform the road recognition calculation via the proposed algorithms. The main processing program in C# is later extended to MATLAB environment for image, signal processing and calculation based on data from the LRF and camera. The linking between C# and MATLAB is done using COM automation server and the data in the client C# program passes it to MATLAB and vice versa.
Tool-Life of Wiper and Standard Cutting Tool in Finish Turning of SAE 4140
Authors: Souza André J. , Rosa Guilherme Cortelini
Published: December 2013

Vibration tendency can rise in turning process when selecting a cutting tool with larger nose radius and/or increasing the feed rate. As consequence, it may affect the process performance by reducing the tool-life and causing damage to the machined surface finish. Moreover, the generated surface roughness strongly depends on the relation between feed rate and cutting tool nose radius. The wiper cutting tool is a recent technological advancement which is claimed to allow both the feed rate and the depth of cut to be doubled while maintaining the same surface finish value in comparison with standard tools. Thus, the objective of this paper is to benchmark tool-life of standard and wiper cutting tools in dry finish turning of SAE 4140 steel. The analysis consists of successive measurements of workpiece roughness and tool corner wear after each turning pass while using combined machining parameters for a target roughness average value close to 2 μm with both inserts being used under the manufacturers recommended cutting conditions. It is noted that the two inserts presented good performance both in the workpiece finish and in tool-wear.
Wear Properties of Oil Palm Cellulose Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Sujan D. , Nguong C.W. , Lee S.N.B. , G. Zewge Mesfin
Published: December 2013

This paper attempts to explain the motion behaviour of the marine riser coupled to a drill string when the vortex induced vibration (VIV) is involved. Vibrations have been reported to have a major effect on the drilling performance, affecting the rate of penetration (ROP), causing severe damages to the drilling tools and also reduces the efficiency of the drilling process. There are two major components of drilling tools that are subjected to vibration, namely the marine riser and the drilling string. Analysis of vibration in the marine riser and drill string are two topical areas that have individually received considerable attention by researchers in the past. Though these two subjects are interrelated, borne by the fact that the marine riser encapsulates and protects the drill pipe, there have been few attempts to investigate them together as a unity. Due to the complexities of the models, simplified assumptions were made in order to undertake the investigation by using staggered approach. The results were compared with the experimental and simulation data from the open literature. It was found that the maximum displacement with negative damping occurs at low frequency and rotation speed.
Development of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Methodology to Determine Product End-of-Life Treatment Options
Authors: Ullah Aleem , Saman Muhamad Zameri Mat , Mahmood Salwa
Published: December 2013

There are a number of different possible End-Of-Life (EOL) treatment scenarios for products at their EOL. The decision to select the best EOL scenario for a particular product, its subassemblies and individual components, depends on multiple criteria. The performance of a particular EOL option can be better against one criterion, but might not perform satisfactorily with respect to another. To overcome the problem generated by the conflicting criteria, a multi criteria decision analysis (MCDA) technique will be used. In this project MCDA is used to develop a system which aids users to determine the best EOL scenario of products by considering the user preferences and performance of competing EOL options with respect to different affecting criteria.
Investigation of Recast Layer of Non-Conductive Ceramic due to Micro-EDM
Authors: Mohamed Abdul Rahman , Asfana Banu , Mohammad Yeakub Ali
Published: December 2013

This paper presents the investigation of minimum recast layer of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) due to micro-EDM using EDM-3 synthetic oil as dielectric fluid and tungsten as the tool electrode with control parameters of rotational speed and gap voltage. The investigation was performed using multi-process micro machine tools DT 110. The recast layer thickness was observed using scanning electron microscope and its hardness was measured using micro-Vickers hardness tester. The hardness data were analyzed and an empirical model was developed. The optimum value for minimum recast layer hardness was 873.46 Hv with rotational speed of 395 rpm and gap voltage of 110 V.
Static Analysis of a Laminated Rubber-Metal Spring Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Putra Azma , Norfarizan Siti , Samekto Haryanti , Salim Mohd Azli
Published: December 2013

The laminated rubber-metal spring has been widely applied for earthquake vibration isolation which deals mainly for horizontal motion at a very low frequency input. This article presents the effect of a vertical vibration input, which is also aimed at applying the laminated spring for high frequency excitation. Static analysis is discussed here using the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to observe the stress and strain distribution as well as the safety factor of the isolator due to the axial force. Solid rubber spring experiences greater deformation while it reduces for the laminated rubber-metal spring as more plates are embedded in the rubber. However, higher stress distributions occur on spring with multiple plates compared to solid rubber and the stress concentrate on steel plate layers. Strain distribution was observed to be high at solid rubber spring and it is decreasing on the laminated rubber-metal spring. The critical part for the strain distribution in the laminated rubber-metal spring is in the rubber layers.