bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women's concerns in Alabama's public libraries: An exploratory website content analysis of illustrative information support services
Authors: Mehra Bharat , Jaber Baheya S.
Published: October 2020

The United Nations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Developmentratified 17 goals as a global blueprint towards “economic, social and environmental sustainability” of all nations. It includes “Gender Equality” (Sustainable Development Goal 5) that seeks to empower women and girls by eliminating discrimination and providing equal opportunities for their fuller participation in all aspects of life. This case study provides an exploratory assessment of web‐based information for women in Alabama's public libraries located in the “American South” and its Appalachian region. Both have experienced ostracization and stereotyping in popular culture owing to political and religious conservativeness, Civil Rights struggles, gender prejudice, and hostile conditions towards women/minorities. This exploratory website content analysis identifies seven examples of information offerings categorized into three groupings: (a) information sources (collections, resources); (b) information policy and planning (assigned role, strategic representation); (c) connections (internal, external, news and events). It develops a taxonomic framework with representative examples that challenge the regional stereotype in its images of solely deficit marginalization. The discussion provides new directions and potential opportunities to build collaborations of sharing within Alabama's public libraries and beyond to better address women's concerns and gender inequities in their local and regional communities.
Grapevine: A profile‐based exploratory search and recommendation system for finding research advisors
Authors: Rahdari Behnam , Brusilovsky Peter , Babichenko Dmitriy , Littleton Eliza Beth , Patel Ravi , Fawcett Jaime , Blum Zara
Published: October 2020

Finding research advisors is an important and challenging task for college students. On one hand, a research advisor that matches student interests and past preparation could fully engage the student with an exciting and productive research experience. On the other hand, students are frequently unable to formulate their interests and experience in a way that allows them to independently find the most compatible advisors using search and browsing tools. This paper reports our experience with designing and evaluating Grapevine, an exploratory search and recommender system aimed at helping students, especially those less prepared and underrepresented in certain fields, find research advisors.
Tacit knowledge transfer in training and the inherent limitations of using only quantitative measures
Authors: Rosellini Amy , Hawamdeh Suliman
Published: October 2020

The greatest challenge for many organizations today is not the acquisition, organization, and storage of information, but rather the ability to transform such information into useful knowledge as well as the application and measurement of it. This paper discusses effective knowledge transfer in a training environment and the inherent limitations in using only quantitative measures as a tool of knowledge transfer measurement. By examining the measurement tool of a major U.S.‐based airline, this study identifies disparity in peer and observer behavior assessment to understand other important factors that impact the measurement of knowledge transfer.
Mapping the “long tail” of research funding: A topic analysis of NSF grant proposals in the division of astronomical sciences
Authors: Stahlman Gretchen R. , Heidorn P. Bryan
Published: October 2020

“Long tail” data are considered to be smaller, heterogeneous, researcher‐held data, which present unique data management and scholarly communication challenges. These data are presumably concentrated within relatively lower‐funded projects due to insufficient resources for curation. To better understand the nature and distribution of long tail data, we examine National Science Foundation (NSF) funding patterns using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and bibliographic data. We also introduce the concept of “Topic Investment” to capture differences in topics across funding levels and to illuminate the distribution of funding across topics. This study uses the discipline of astronomy as a case study, overall exploring possible associations between topic, funding level and research output, with implications for research policy and practice. We find that while different topics demonstrate different funding levels and publication patterns, dynamics predicted by the “long tail” theoretical framework presented here can be observed within NSF‐funded topics in astronomy.
Quantifying authorship: A comparison of authorship rubrics from five disciplines
Authors: Whetstone Devon , Moulaison‐Sandy Heather
Published: October 2020

Transparency in authorship is a continuing topic in information science and scholarly communication. The process of determining authorship order in multi‐author publications, however, can be complicated. Authorship rubrics helping teams arrive at authorship order exist, but the extent to which certain roles are quantified (or not) and rewarded with authorship is unclear. This study examines eight authorship rubrics from five disciplines in the sciences and social sciences and evaluates their alignment with the Contributor Role Taxonomy (CRediT) framework; authorship rubrics are also compared on how they assign authorship credit and determine authorship order. Findings indicate that work on the methodology and the initial writing of the manuscript are most consistently quantified in authorship rubrics across the disciplines. Procedures for awarding authorship credit vary widely and methods for tie‐breaking rubric scores range from systematic to arbitrary. These findings suggest that regardless of discipline, contributions to carrying out and writing up research are seen as criteria for authorship. Differences in procedures for ordering authors may result, however, in different author order based on the chosen rubric. Ultimately, the fitness of use for authorship rubrics should be carefully considered by members of research teams, especially if the teams are comprised of interdisciplinary members.
Opportunities and challenges of self‐tracking technologies: Understanding information, technology, and users through the lens of information science
Authors: Ilhan Aylin , Feng Yuanyuan , Fietkiewicz Kaja J. , Eikey Elizabeth V.
Published: October 2020

Health self‐tracking technologies are used for various reasons, from tracking of physical activity (e.g., counting steps) and supporting weight loss to managing chronic illness and monitoring fertility. In many cases, the technology is characterized as a facilitator, the user as the main actor, and the information as a foundation for achieving the desired outcome. Apart from obvious benefits such as gaining awareness of one's body and health, users also face a range of challenges when using various self‐tracking technologies. This panel focuses the discussion on opportunities and challenges of self‐tracking technologies from the perspective of information science. Particularly, the panelists will address the importance of the information provided by self‐tracking technologies, which is a critical component of the conceptual triad (information, technology, and users) to comprehensively understand the nature of human interactions with such technologies.
Visualizing evidence‐based disagreement over time: The landscape of a public health controversy 2002–2014
Authors: Hsiao Tzu‐Kun , Fu Yuanxi , Schneider Jodi
Published: October 2020

Systematic reviews answer specific questions based on primary literature. However, systematic reviews on the same topic frequently disagree, yet there are no approaches for understanding why at a glance. Our goal is to provide a visual summary that could be useful to researchers, policy makers, and health care professionals in understanding why health controversies persist in the expert literature over time. We present a case study of a single controversy in public health, around the question: “Is reducing dietary salt beneficial at a population level?” We define and visualize three new constructs: the overall evidence base, which consists of the evidence summarized by systematic reviews (the inclusion network) and the unused evidence (isolated nodes). Our network visualization shows at a glance what evidence has been synthesized by each systematic review. Visualizing the temporal evolution of the network captures two key moments when new scientific opinions emerged, both associated with a turn to new sets of evidence that had little to no overlap with previously reviewed evidence. Limited overlap between the evidence reviewed was also found for systematic reviews published in the same year. Future work will focus on understanding the reasons for limited overlap and automating this methodology for medical literature databases.
Gestalt principles in web design: A study of the usage of similarity, symmetry and closure in today's websites
Authors: Kapllani Levi , Elmimouni Houda
Published: October 2020

This work investigates the usage of similarity, symmetry, and closure as outlined by Gestalt Principles. The data was compiled from manual observations of 60 different websites. Of these websites, 30 were from the Top 30 Websites on the Web and the other 30 were from the Webby Awards 2018 and 2019 Nominees. Analysis was conducted to observe the features that experts in the design and interactive media field reinforce in their productions. Some prominent features include: object similarities, symmetrical structures, and low closure usage.
This is NOT spam!: An analysis of predatory publication invitations in library and information science
Authors: Lund Brady , Wang Ting
Published: October 2020

Predatory journal publications pose a significant threat to the quality of scholarly publications across disciplines, including in library and information science. These publications have been known to disproportionately target researchers in developing countries and for whom English is not their primary language. There is a lack of knowledge about how predatory journals solicit library and information science researchers. This research serves as a partial replication of Clemons et al., The Oncologist, 2017, 22, 236–240, study of predatory publication invitations, with the focus shifted to researchers in ontology to those in library and information science. Spam invitations received by two researchers from predatory publications over a 6‐week period (n = 98) were analyzed. Reported in the findings of this preliminary study are the predatory publishers from whom the most spam invitations were received.
Narrative immersion for information literacy: A pilot study
Authors: Urban Alex C. , Edgar William B. , Bossaller Jenny S.
Published: October 2020

Aspects of storytelling may be leveraged to foster greater motivation in student research projects. Recognizing this possibility, the following mixed‐method pilot study explores the effects of reading creative nonfiction on student inquiry within an information literacy (IL) course to spark interest in their topic. Participants reported time‐on‐task and source exploration, responded to scales of narrative immersion, interest, and self‐regulation, then responded to reflective prompts. Results show a correlation between situational interest in the topics of IL and inquiry and mental and emotional involvement in a narrative. Further study, however, is necessary to establish the motivational affordances of storytelling and narrative in facilitating student inquiry. Such research may inform IL pedagogy and instructional design practices.
Problematic Facebook use and coping strategies among college students
Authors: Sun Yalin
Published: October 2020

Problematic Facebook use (PFU) has drawn attention from both academics and the public recently. Given the negative consequences PFU may have and the popularity of the platform among college students, this study explores college students' experiences with PFU and the coping strategies they adopt through the semi‐structured interview method. The preliminary results from six participants demonstrate three themes of PFU (i.e., PFU in context, conflict of use, and self‐measure of PFU) and four themes of coping strategies (i.e., time management, blocking access, peer supervision, and finding substitution). The findings from this study can inform future research and intervention design to help college students maintain a healthy and sustained use of SNSs.
An examination of scientific data repositories, data reusability, and the incorporation of FAIR
Authors: Murillo Angela P.
Published: October 2020

Scientific data repositories (SDRs) provide a way for scientists to share data through data deposition and reuse of deposited data. Over the last twenty‐plus years, hundreds of scientific SDRs have become available. This research examines 132 SDRs. This study assesses if the information available in the SDRs aligned with what scientists need to determine data reusability and if the SDRs enforce FAIR principles.
Transforming understanding of information literacy: Sustainable futures through information landscapes
Authors: Rath Logan
Published: October 2020

When acknowledging the gap between theory to practice in information literacy instruction, Todd, Journal of Information Literacy, 2017, 11, pp. 120–136 called for a deeper understanding of information literacy to move forward in a sustainable fashion. This study aims to investigate to what extent librarians understand the concept of information literacy as a social practice. This poster presents findings from an open‐ended survey distributed to librarians to investigate librarians' understanding of information as a social practice.
Empowered collective: Formulating a black feminist information community model through archival analysis
Authors: Gray LaVerne
Published: October 2020

This poster presents a critical‐qualitative evidence inquiry approach to examine the information dynamics of African American mothers in an historic (1955–1970) Chicago public housing community. This research builds upon initial interest in their activism for the construction of a neighborhood library, to exploring the information rich system emanating from the community they inhabit (Gray In a collective voice: Uncovering the black feminist information community of activist‐mothers in Chicago Public Housing, 1955‐1970). The three phase eight step qualitative evidence approach includes descriptive and complex theoretical analysis contributing to the formulation of a Black Feminist Information Community (BFIC) model.
Facile Approach for Improving Synaptic Modulation of Analog Resistive Characteristics by Embedding Oxygen Vacancies‐Rich Sub‐TaOx in Pt/Ta2O5/Ti Device Stacks
Authors: Jin Soeun , Lee Donguk , Kwak Myonghoon , Kim Ah Ra , Hwang Hyunsang , Cheon Hyuknyeong , Kwon Jung-Dae , Kim Yonghun
Published: October 2020

Herein, a Ta2O5‐based resistive synaptic device with high symmetricity and enhanced switching ratio is successfully obtained by the formation of sub‐TaO

x

with enriched oxygen vacancies into Ta2O5 switching layers. The concentration of Ta nanoclusters in Ta2O5 can be precisely controlled using plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE‐ALD), where the number of cycles is varied from 5 to 20 cycles with steps of five cycles. The as‐fabricated Ta2O5 resistive synaptic device containing Ta deposited using five cycles exhibits increased switching window and switching current. As a result, the linearity of potentiation/depression improves significantly from 13.53/−16.83 to 4.45/−1.38 by applying successive programing pulses, indicating that the recognition accuracy of the Mixed National Institute of Standards and Technology pattern is increased by 11.45% compared with the pristine device. It is considered that the introduction of an optimal number of Ta deposition cycles can effectively control the porosity of the Ta2O5 layer, resulting in an increase in the movement of oxygen ions and analog switching behavior. Thus, a facile PE‐ALD technique can be applied to demonstrate highly reliable analog synaptic devices for neuromorphic hardware systems.
Effect of Zr Addition on Threshold Switching Characteristics of Amorphous Ga2Te3 Thin Films
Authors: Lee Dayoon , Kim Taeho , Kim Jaeyeon , Sohn Hyunchul
Published: October 2020

A cross‐point array structure is a promising structure in high‐density memory applications. However, a cross‐point array has sneak current paths from selected cells to neighboring unselected cells, and a selector device is required to suppress the sneak current issue. Therefore, the capability of modulating the threshold voltage is one of the essential elements facilitating reliable operation of the cross‐point array structure. Herein, the effect of Zr doping on the threshold switching properties of amorphous Ga2Te3 (a‐Ga2Te3) thin films is investigated with optical and electrical properties and the thermal stability of amorphous phase. Zr‐doped a‐Ga2Te3 thin films increase the threshold and holding voltages with improved thermal stability. Moreover, Zr doping reduces the leakage current of the Ga2Te3 selector device, which is beneficial to implement the cross‐point array of high density. Regarding the endurance, Zr‐doped a‐Ga2Te3 thin films show stable operation until 109 cycles.
High‐spatial‐resolution measurements of iron isotopes in pyrites by secondary ion mass spectrometry using the new Hyperion‐II radio‐frequency plasma source
Authors: Decraene Marie‐Noëlle , Marin‐Carbonne Johanna , Bouvier Anne‐Sophie , Villeneuve Johan , Bouden Nordine , Luais Béatrice , Deloule Etienne
Published: October 2020

Rationale

Iron isotopic signatures in pyrites are considered as a good proxy for reconstructing paleoenvironmental and local redox conditions. However, the investigation of micro‐pyrites less than 20 μm in size has been limited by the available analytical techniques. The development of a new brighter radio‐frequency plasma ion source (Hyperion‐II source) enhances the spatial resolution by increasing the beam density 10 times compared with the Duoplasmatron source.

Methods

Here we present high‐spatial‐resolution measurements of iron isotopes in pyrites using a 3 nA–3 μm primary 16O− beam on two Cameca IMS 1280‐HR2 ion microprobe instruments equipped with Hyperion sources at CRPG‐IPNT (France) and at SwissSIMS (Switzerland). We tested analytical effects, such as topography and crystal orientation, that could induce analytical biases perceptible through variations of the instrumental mass fractionation (IMF).

Results

The δ56Fe reproducibility for the Balmat pyrite standard is ±0.25‰ (2 standard deviations) and the typical individual internal error is ±0.10‰ (2 standard errors). The sensitivity on 56Fe+ was 1.2 × 107 cps/nA/ppm or better. Tests on Balmat pyrites revealed that neither the crystal orientation nor channeling effects seem to significantly influence the IMF. Different pyrite standards (Balmat and SpainCR) were used to test the accuracy of the measurements. Indium mounts must be carefully prepared with a sample topography less than 2 μm, which was checked using an interferometric microscope. Such a topography is negligible for introducing change in the IMF. This new source increases the spatial resolution while maintaining the high precision of analyses and the overall stability of the measurements compared with the previous Duoplasmatron source.

Conclusions

A reliable method was developed for performing accurate and high‐resolution measurements of micrometric pyrites. The investigation of sedimentary micro‐pyrites will improve our understanding of the processes and environmental conditions during pyrite precipitation, including the contribution of primary (microbial activities or abiotic reactions) and secondary (diagenesis and/or hydrothermal fluid circulation) signatures.
Investigation of the molecular structure and VUV‐induced ion dissociation dynamics of 2‐azetidinone (C3H5NO)
Authors: Lago Alexsandre F. , de Rogério Diego O. , Farias Dayane B. , Cavasso‐Filho Reinaldo L. , Dávalos Juan Z.
Published: October 2020

Rationale

The class of active components of the group of β‐lactam antibiotics is very important for several fields and applications, although their stability and radiation reactivity properties are not yet well understood. We have studied the interaction of an important building block species, the 2‐azetidinone (C3H5NO) molecule, with monochromatic VUV (synchrotron radiation) photons in the 9.5–21.5 eV range, using time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (TOF‐MS), electron‐ion coincidence (PEPICO), and high‐level theory methods.

Methods

A 2‐azetidinine sample was introduced into the UH‐vacuum chamber, without purification, through an inlet system for the gas‐phase experiments with monochromatic light in the VUV range from the TGM beamline at the Brazilian Synchrotron Facility. A Wiley–McLaren type mass spectrometer in the PEPICO mode was employed to detect and characterize the photoionization and photodissociation products of the 2‐azetidinone. The analysis and discussion of the results were supported by high‐level density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio methods.

Results

The adiabatic ionization energy was determined experimentally in this work as 9.745 ± 0.020 eV, and this was supported by the high level of theory result with good agreement. The heat of formation for the 2‐azetininone cation has been derived for the first time as 844.2 ± 1.9 kJ/mol. The dominant ion dissociation channel in the VUV energy range up to 21.5 eV is associated with the cation species at m/z 28.

Conclusions

The structural properties, VUV‐induced photoionization, and photodissociation dynamics of the 2‐azetidinone molecule in the gas phase have been successfully investigated in the energy range of 9.5–21.5 eV. PEPICO mass spectra have been determined for the first time for this molecule at several selected photon energies from which the partial ion yields were determined for all cation species produced from this molecule.
Minimum time learning model predictive control
Authors: Rosolia Ugo , Borrelli Francesco
Published: October 2020

In this paper we present a Learning Model Predictive Control (LMPC) strategy for linear and nonlinear time optimal control problems. Our work builds on existing LMPC methodologies and it guarantees finite time convergence properties for the closed‐loop system. We show how to construct a time varying safe set and terminal cost function using closed‐loop data. The resulting LMPC policy is time varying and it guarantees recursive constraint satisfaction and non‐decreasing performance. Computational efficiency is obtained by convexifing the time‐varying safe set and time‐varying terminal cost function. We demonstrate that, for a class of nonlinear system and convex constraints, the convex LMPC formulation guarantees recursive constraint satisfaction and nondecreasing performance. Finally, we illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies on minimum time obstacle avoidance and racing examples.
A class of generalized linear mixed models adjusted for marginal interpretability
Authors: Gory Jeffrey J. , Craigmile Peter F. , MacEachern Steven N.
Published: October 2020

Two popular approaches for relating correlated measurements of a non‐Gaussian response variable to a set of predictors are to fit amarginal modelusing generalized estimating equations and to fit ageneralized linear mixed model(GLMM) by introducing latent random variables. The first approach is effective for parameter estimation, but leaves one without a formal model for the data with which to assess quality of fit or make individual‐level predictions for future observations. The second approach overcomes these deficiencies, but leads to parameter estimates that must be interpreted conditional on the latent variables. To obtain marginal summaries, one needs to evaluate an analytically intractable integral or use attenuation factors as an approximation. Further, we note an unpalatable implication of the standard GLMM. To resolve these issues, we turn to a class of marginally interpretable GLMMs that lead to parameter estimates with a marginal interpretation while maintaining the desirable statistical properties of a conditionally specified model and avoiding problematic implications. We establish the form of these models under the most commonly used link functions and address computational issues. For logistic mixed effects models, we introduce an accurate and efficient method for evaluating the logistic‐normal integral.
Role of Pore Volume and Surface Area of Cu‐BTC and MIL‐100 (Fe) Metal‐Organic Frameworks on the Loading of Rifampicin: Collective Experimental and Docking Study
Authors: Panda Jagannath , Sahu Satya Narayan , Pati Rasmirekha , Panda Prasanna Kumar , Tripathy Bankim Chandra , Pattanayak Subrat Kumar , Sahu Rojalin
Published: October 2020

Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) has been one of the most emerging area of biomedical research. Although MOFs exhibited a wide range of interesting properties, still the drug loading mechanisms by these systems remained unclear. Herein, we have made an attempt to study the uptake capacities of Cu‐BTC and MIL‐100 (Fe) MOFs towards anti‐TB drug Rifampicin (Rif). This work is basically focused to study the effects of structural parameters of MOFs on the loading of the drug Rif. We have synthesized Cu‐BTC and MIL‐100 (Fe) by adopting a solvent free greener route using a kitchen grinder and thoroughly characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Powder X‐ray Diffraction, Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, N2 adsorption isotherm, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis. In addition to that, we have also studied the cytotoxicity of MOFs as well as binding energy between Cu‐BTC and MIL‐100 (Fe) with the anti‐TB drug Rif. Though MIL‐100 (Fe) having high surface area as compared with Cu‐BTC but the loading capacity of Cu‐BTC is higher than the MIL‐100 (Fe). This indicates that the pore volume of MIL‐100(Fe) and Cu‐BTC plays vital role for the drug loading.
Strategy and Problems for Synthesis of Antimalaria Artemisinin (Qinghaosu)
Authors: Sahu Santosh Kumar , Behera Pradyota Kumar , Choudhury Prabhupada , Panda Subhalaxmi , Rout Laxmidhar
Published: October 2020

Presence of multi‐stereo centre in the antimalaria artemisinin molecules makes difficult to chemist for diastereoselective synthesis. This diastereoselectivity is the main hurdle for low yield of product in the reported synthesis. Though, artemisinin‐based drugs are in the frontline treatment of malaria and effective medicine that kills malarial parasites. Due to insufficient production of artemisinin (qinghaosu), millions of people lost their lives in past years worldwide. The current review will summarize the strategy developed so far for synthesis of antimalaria artemisinin and problems encountered during the synthesis. The combined insight of different methods may allow finer approaches capable of delivering efficient synthetic approaches for developing artemisinin and their hybrid analogues for further drug discovery.
Vertical SrNbO2N Nanorod Arrays for Solar‐Driven Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Cao Maoqi , Li Hongmei , Liu Kang , Hu Junhua , Pan Hao , Fu Junwei , Liu Min
Published: October 2020

Although SrNbO2N with a bandgap of ≈1.9 eV has been considered as a promising photocatalyst for solar water splitting, its photocatalytic activity is generally very poor under ordinary conditions, primarily due to bad photocarrier generation, separation, and transportation. Herein, vertical SrNbO2N nanorod arrays are first achieved using a facile hydrothermal method with a nitridation process for solar‐driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The obtained SrNbO2N nanorod arrays exhibit vertical aligned nanorod morphology and high crystallinity, which are beneficial for photocarrier generation and charge carrier transportation. After being uniformly covered with CoOx nanoparticles, the SrNbO2N nanorod arrays present a photocurrent of 1.3 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE, which is ≈2.6 times higher than that of a SrNbO2N nanoparticle thin film electrode, under irradiation by AM1.5G simulated sunlight. This PEC water splitting activity is one of the best values among all reported SrNbO2N electrodes. Thus, this work offers a new strategy to develop bimetal oxynitride nanorod arrays for PEC applications.
Light‐Driven Dry Reforming of Methane on Metal Catalysts
Authors: Wu Shaoyang , Wu Siyu , Sun Yugang
Published: October 2020

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is promising to produce syngas with low ratios of H2/CO with the feedstock of greenhouse gases, CH4 and CO2. Synthesizing active and selective catalysts and developing the protocols for stable and durable operation is crucial to implement DRM for the production of syngas. High‐temperature operation and deposition of carbon on the surface of catalysts represent two significant challenges to prevent the adaption of DRM in industry. Light‐driven catalysis of DRM can lower operating temperature and reduce the deposition of carbon, offering the promise to tackle the challenges faced in traditional thermocatalysis of DRM. Herein, the light‐driven DRM on metal catalysts of various structures, highlighting the encouraging promise of photocatalysis for DRM, is overviewed.
Sandwichelemente mit Wellpappe als Kernmaterial
Authors: von der Heyden Aaron , Lange Jörg
Published: October 2020

Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts des Fachgebiets Stahlbau der TU Darmstadt wurde die Eignung von Wellpappe als Kernmaterial für Sandwichelemente zur Verkleidung von Dach‐ und Wandflächen untersucht. Wellpappe ist im Gegensatz zu üblichen Kernmaterialien recycelbar und besteht aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen. Das Tragverhalten hängt hauptsächlich von den verwendeten Papieren und der Ausrichtung des anisotropen Materials im Sandwichelement ab. Die schwächste Ausrichtung weist ähnliche Steifigkeiten und Festigkeiten wie die herkömmlichen Materialien auf. Diese können jedoch von anderen Kernausrichtungen vielfach übertroffen werden. Untersuchungen der wichtigsten bauphysikalischen Parameter der Sandwichbauweise haben gezeigt, dass das Brandverhalten geringfügig besser ist als das üblicher PU‐Sandwichelemente. Die Wärmeleitfähigkeit in der schwächsten Kernausrichtung ist mit der von Mineralwolle vergleichbar, die stärkeren Kernausrichtungen zeigen höhere Wärmeleitfähigkeiten.
Wärmetechnisch verbesserte Stahl‐Unterkonstruktionen für Metallfassaden
Authors: Kuhnhenne Markus , Vontein Marius , Pauli Gesa , Schaffrath Simon
Published: October 2020

Unterkonstruktionen von vorgehängten Fassaden durchdringen die Wärmedämmung und bilden somit eine Wärmebrücke, die durch höhere Dämmdicken oder die Materialauswahl kompensiert werden kann. Diese Umplanung erfolgt häufig zu einem späten Zeitpunkt im Projekt und ist mit erheblichen Mehrkosten verbunden. Sofern es die Bautoleranzen zulassen, kann der Wechsel von einer klassischen zweiteiligen Unterkonstruktion bestehend aus Halter und Tragschiene zu einer einteiligen Unterkonstruktion als Z‐Profil sinnvoll sein und zu einem schnelleren, und damit kostengünstigeren, Einbau führen. Einteilige Unterkonstruktionen aus Metall weisen als linienförmige Bauteile zunächst eine größere Wärmebrückenwirkung auf als die zweiteilige Ausführung mit Haltern und Tragschiene, können jedoch durch das Einbringen von Schlitzen wärmetechnisch so ertüchtigt werden, dass baurechtliche Vorgaben des Wärmeschutzes ohne die Erhöhung von Dämmdicken erreicht werden können. Die Z‐Profile werden unmittelbar an dem tragenden Verankerungsgrund befestigt und bilden direkt das Tragprofil für die Fassadenelemente. Statische Untersuchungen an durch die Schlitze geschwächten Z‐Profilen zeigen, dass eine ausreichende Tragfähigkeit gegeben ist.
Influence of birth weight on fetal cardiac indices at 35–37 weeks' gestation
Authors: Semmler J. , Abdel‐Azim S. , Anzoategui S. , Zhang H. , Nicolaides K. H. , Charakida M.
Published: October 2020

Objective

Echocardiographic studies have reported that fetuses with low birth weight, compared to those with normal birth weight, have globular hearts and reduced cardiac function. Dichotomizing continuous variables, such as birth weight, may be helpful in describing pathology in small studies but can prevent us from identifying physiological responses in relation to change in size. The aim of this study was to explore associations between fetal cardiac morphology and function and birth weight, as a continuous variable, as well as uterine artery (UtA) pulsatility index (PI), as an indirect measure of placental perfusion, and the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR), as an indirect measure of fetal oxygenation.

Methods

This was a prospective study of 1498 women with singleton pregnancy undergoing routine ultrasound examination at 35 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks' gestation. Pregnancies complicated by pregestational or gestational diabetes mellitus, chronic hypertension, pregnancy‐induced hypertension or pre‐eclampsia were excluded from the analysis. Conventional and more advanced echocardiographic modalities, such as speckle tracking, were used to assess fetal cardiac function in the right and left ventricles. The morphology of the fetal heart was assessed by calculating the right and left sphericity indices. In addition, the PI of the UtA, umbilical artery (UA) and fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) was determined and the CPR was calculated by dividing MCA‐PI by UA‐PI. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess determinants of fetal echocardiographic parameters.

Results

The study population included 146 (9.7%) small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses with birth weight < 10th percentile and 68 (4.5%) with fetal growth restriction (FGR). In the SGA and FGR groups, compared to the non‐SGA and non‐FGR fetuses, respectively, there was a more globular right ventricle and reduced left and right ventricular systolic function, and, from the left ventricular diastolic functional indices, the E/A ratio was increased. There was a linear association of right ventricular sphericity index, indices of left and right ventricular systolic function and E/A ratio with birth‐weight Z‐score. There were no significant associations between cardiac morphological and functional indices and UtA‐PI Z‐score or CPR Z‐score.

Conclusions

This screening study at 35–37 weeks' gestation has demonstrated that birth weight is a determinant of fetal cardiac morphology
and function but UtA‐PI and CPR, as indirect measures of placental perfusion and fetal oxygenation, are not. This suggests that the differences in fetal cardiac indices between small and appropriately grown fetuses may be part of a normal physiological response to change in fetal size rather than part of a pathological adaptation to abnormal placental perfusion and fetal oxygenation. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Which factors are associated with anal incontinence after obstetric anal sphincter injury?
Authors: Speksnijder L. , Oom D. M. J. , DE Leeuw J.‐W. , Steensma A. B.
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) is an important factor in the etiology of anal incontinence. This study aimed to evaluate whether anal sphincter defects, levator avulsion or levator ballooning after OASI are associated with severity of anal incontinence. Furthermore, we evaluated whether factors such as constipation and altered stool consistency are associated with symptoms of incontinence after OASI.

Methods

In this multicenter prospective observational cohort study, women with OASI were invited to participate at least 3 months after primary repair. All women completed validated questionnaires, including St Mark's incontinence score, Bristol stool scale (BSS) and Cleveland clinic constipation score (CCCS), and underwent four‐dimensional (4D) transperineal ultrasound for assessment of the levator ani muscle and anal sphincter.

Results

In total, 220 women were included. Median follow‐up was 4 months (range, 3–98 months). Univariate linear regression analysis showed an association of St Mark's incontinence score with a residual defect of the external anal sphincter (EAS) (β, 1.55 (95% CI, 0.04–3.07); P = 0.045), higher parity (β, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.02–1.67); P = 0.046), BSS (β, 1.28 (95% CI, 0.67–1.89); P < 0.001) and CCCS (β, 0.36 (95% CI, 0.18–0.54); P < 0.001). However, multivariate linear regression found an association of St Mark's incontinence score only with BSS (β, 1.50 (95% CI, 0.90–2.11); P < 0.001) and CCCS (β, 0.46 (95% CI, 0.29–0.63); P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Residual defects of the EAS, detected on 4D transperineal ultrasound, are associated with severity of anal incontinence symptoms measured using St Mark's incontinence score 4 months after OASI repair. Furthermore, clinical factors such as constipation and altered stool consistency appear to influence this association and may therefore play a more important role in clinical management. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Magnetic-dipole corrections to RK and RK* in the Standard Model and dark photon scenarios
Authors: Gabrielli Emidio , Palmiotto Marco
Published: October 2020

Abstract

In this work we evaluate the long-distance QED contributions, induced by the magnetic-dipole corrections to the final charged leptons, on the B meson decay widths B → (K, K*)ℓ+ℓ− and ratios RK,K* = Γ(B → (K, K*)μ+μ−)/Γ(B → (K, K*)e+e−), as well as on $$ {R}_{K,K\ast}^{\tau } $$

R

K
,
K
∗

τ

(with μ replaced by the τ lepton). QED long-distance contributions induced by the Coulomb potential corrections (Fermi-Sommerfeld factors) were also included. Corresponding corrections to the inclusive decay widths of B → Xsℓ+ℓ−, with ℓ = e, μ, τ, are also analyzed for completeness. The magnetic-dipole corrections, which are manifestly Lepton Flavor Universality violating and gauge-invariant, are expected to be particularly enhanced in RK* for the dilepton mass region close to the threshold. However, we find that the largest contribution of all these corrections to the RK,K* observables do not exceed a few per mille effect, thus reinforcing the validity of previous estimates about the leading QED corrections to RK,K*. Finally, viable new physics contributions to RK,K* induced by the exchange of a massless dark-photon via magnetic-dipole interactions, which provide the leading contribution to the corresponding B → (K, K*)ℓ+ℓ− amplitudes in this scenario, are analyzed in light of the present RK,K* anomalies.
Solution of the size and horizon problems from classical string geometry
Authors: Bernardo Heliudson , Brandenberger Robert , Franzmann Guilherme
Published: October 2020

Abstract

In a recent paper we developed a string cosmology background from classical string geometry. Here, we show that this background yields a solution to the size and horizon problems of Standard Big Bang cosmology while remaining compatible with the Transplanckian Censorship Conjecture. We also take a first look at the evolution of cosmological perturbations in this model.
Geometry assessment of ultra-short pulsed laser drilled micro-holes
Authors: Putzer Matthias , Ackerl Norbert , Wegener Konrad
Published: October 2020

Ultra-short pulsed laser ablation enables a defined generation of micro-holes. A parameter study on the ablation characteristics of copper clearly reveals a benefit for green wavelength with lower threshold fluence, simultaneously increasing the Rayleigh length. The use of a circular drilling method allows a defined manufacturing of micro boreholes and micro through-holes with 35 μm diameter of up to 165 μm and 300 μm length. Introducing high-resolution micro-computed X-ray tomography studying the micro-hole evolution and adjacent geometrical transformations reveals micrometer resolution and high usability. The conical geometry evolving up to an aspect ratio of 5:1 fits well to established models known for percussion drilling. However, increasing the number of pulses leads to non-conical geometry evolution, and this resulting geometry is studied for the first time. Henceforth, the exact geometrical evolution from conical to cylindrical shape upon laser drilling can be resolved revealing the impact of multiple reflections at the generated steep flanks.
Ecofriendly inclined drilling of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP)
Authors: Pervaiz Salman , Kannan Sathish , Huo Dehong , Mamidala Ramulu
Published: October 2020

Key composite made aerostructures such as fuselage inner walls, flap support fairings, empennage ribs, and the vertical fin ribs are comprised of non-vertical inclined and radial holes that join with other key metallic and non-metallic structures. Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) are also used in the aerospace, automotive, marine, and sports-related applications due to their superior properties such as high strength to weight ratio, better fatigue, and high stiffness. CFRP drilling operation is different than the homogenous materials as the cutting-edge interacts with fiber and matrix simultaneously. Flank face of the tool rubs on the workpiece material and develops high frictional contact due to the elastic recovery of broken fibers. Lubrication during CFRP cutting can reduce the friction involved at tool-workpiece interface to enhance cutting performance. Dry cutting, cryogenic machining, and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL)-based strategies are termed as ecofriendly cooling/lubrication methods when machining high performance materials. The abrasive nature of carbon fiber is responsible of producing cutting forces which leads to different types of imperfections such as delamination, uncut fiber, fiber breakout, and fiber pullout. The integrity of CFRP drilled hole especially at the entry and exit of the hole plays a significant role towards the overall service life. The presented paper aims to characterize the interrelationships between hole inclination, lubrication/cooling methods, tool coating, and drill geometry with inclined hole bore surface quality and integrity during drilling of CFRP laminates. In dry cutting, thrust forces were found 2.38 times higher in the 30° inclination when compared with the reference 90° conventional inclination angle. Compressed air provided lowest increase (1.46 times) in the thrust forces for 30° inclination.
Four Hours Postoperative Mobilization is Feasible After Thoracoscopic Anatomical Pulmonary Resection
Authors: Nakada Takeo , Shirai Suguru , Oya Yuko , Takahashi Yusuke , Sakakura Noriaki , Ohtsuka Takashi , Kuroda Hiroaki
Published: October 2020

Background

We aimed to analyze the feasibility and risk factors associated with early mobilization (EM) within 4 h after thoracoscopic lobectomy and segmentectomy.

Methods

This study retrospectively evaluated 214 consecutive patients who underwent thoracoscopic anatomical pulmonary resection using our EM protocol between October 2017 and February 2019. We compared the correlations of the patients’ characteristics including the total number of drugs and perioperative parameters such as air leak, and orthostatic hypotension (OH) between the EM (E group) and failed EM (F group) groups. Second, we evaluated risk factors for OH, which often causes critical complications.

Results

A total of 198 patients (92.5%: E group) completed the EM protocol, whereas 16 patients did not (7.5%: F group). The primary causes of failure were severe pain, air leak, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and OH (n = 1, 3, 8, and 4). Upon univariate analysis, air leakage, OH, and non‐hypertension were identified as risk factors for failed EM (all p <0.05). EM was associated with a shortened chest tube drainage period (p <0.01). Thirty patients (14%) experienced OH, and 20% of them failed EM. A total number of drugs ≥5 (p = 0.015) was an independent risk factor for OH. Operative and anesthetic variables were not associated with EM or OH.

Conclusions

The EM protocol was safe and useful for tubeless management. Surgeons should be advised to actively prevent air leak. Our EM protocol achieved a low frequency of OH in mobilization. Due to its versatility, our mobilization protocol may be promising, especially in patients without severe comorbidities.

Clinical registration number: The study protocol was approved by the Review Board of Aichi Cancer Center (approval number: 2020‐1‐067).
Risk factors for dislocation after bipolar hemiarthroplasty: a retrospective case–control study of patients with CT data
Authors: Graulich Tilman , Graeff Pascal , Jaiman Ashish , Nicolaides Stine , Omar Pacha Tarek , Örgel Marcus , Macke Christian , Omar Mohamed , Krettek Christian , Liodakis Emmanouil
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Bipolar hemiarthroplasty has been shown to have a lower rate of dislocation than total hip arthroplasty. However, as the influencing risk factors for bipolar hemiarthroplasty dislocation remain unclear, we aimed to analyse patient and surgeon-specific influencing risk factors for bipolar hemiarthroplasty dislocation.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed patients who were operated between 2012 and 2018 and had dislocated bipolar hemiarthroplasty and matched them to patients without a dislocated bipolar hemiarthroplasty, operated between 2018 and 2019. The study was limited to patients who received either a pre- or postoperative pelvic computed tomography. Besides demographic, morphologic, and physiologic data, we analysed duration of surgery; ASA score; Charlson Comorbidity Index; Almelo Hip Fracture Score; Parker Score; and acetabular morphology angles including acetabular anteversion angle, posterior acetabular sector angle, posterior wall angle, and acetabular roofing.

Results

We included nine patients with a dislocated bipolar hemiarthroplasty and 30 with a non-dislocated bipolar hemiarthroplasty. Patient-specific factors prompting a higher risk for dislocated bipolar hemiarthroplasty were longer duration of surgery (min) (115 ± 50 vs. 80 ± 27, p = 0.01); dementia (56% vs. 13%, p < 0.01); smaller posterior acetabular sector angle (°) (96 ± 6 vs. 109 ± 10, p < 0.01); and smaller posterior wall angle (°) (67 ± 6 vs. 77 ± 10, p = 0.02).

Conclusion

Dementia and insufficient posterior wall angle were associated with higher risk of dislocation in bipolar hemiarthroplasty
Organic farming practices utilizing spent microbial biomass from an industrial fermentation facility promote transition to copiotrophic soil communities
Authors: Halter Mathew , Vaisvil Benjamin , Kapatral Vinayak , Zahn James
Published: October 2020

Organic farming has become more prevalent in recent years as consumer demand for organic food and fiber has rapidly grown. Until recently, organic fertilizers and soil amendments have largely been based on the practices of returning crop residues, manures and related agricultural wastes back to crop production areas. One rapidly growing segment in commercial organic fertilizer development is the use of spent microbial biomass (SMB) from industrial fermentation processes. While SMB is widely accepted in many organic farming systems (OFS), little is known concerning the effectiveness, environmental impact, and influence on prokaryotic communities in soils receiving this treatment. In this study, a comparative analysis of bacterial communities associated with OFS and conventional farming systems was performed over a growing season for a field containing yellow dent corn (Zea mays). A statistically significant increase in microbial population α-diversity, along with a strong recruitment of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria populations, was observed in soils treated with SMB when compared to areas in the field that utilized conventional farmer practices. These phyla are members of the copiotrophic subgroup, and considered a signature for the use of traditional organic fertilizers. These results provide valuable new information that SMB functions similarly to traditional organic fertilizers in promoting a high level of functional prokaryotic diversity and plant growth-promoting bacteria, but in contrast do not contribute directly to viable microorganisms in the soil due to the sterilization of SMB prior to land application.