bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study on Quality of Life and Psychological Well-being in Two Human Settlements in a District of Peru
Authors: García-Pereda Cristian Alejandro
Published: December 2022

The objective of this research was to determine to what extent and in what way the quality of life affects the psychological well-being of the inhabitants of the human settlements in the district of La Esperanza, in the province of Trujillo in the year 2022. The research was applied, with a quantitative approach, non-experimental design, cross-section, correlational, descriptive, causal, comparative level. The variables considered were quality of life and psychological well-being. The population was made up of 3245 inhabitants of both sexes of the Human Settlements s Indoamérica and Las Palmeras, La Esperanza, 2022.  The sample was made up of 350 residents. The technique used was the survey. They used two questionnaires, with Likert scale and 5 response options (never, almost never, sometimes, almost always, always).  The questionnaire on quality of life consisted of 4 dimensions: physical health, degree of independence, social relationships and environment.  The questionnaire on psychological well-being was made up of 5 dimensions: self-acceptance, positive relationships, autonomy, mastery of the environment and personal growth.  The results showed the relationship between quality of life and psychological well-being in the inhabitants of the Indoamérica Human Settlement and Las Palmeras, La Esperanza. Most Perc settlers had a high quality of life. Physical health, psychological health and the environment were placed at a good level.  In the psychological environment, self-acceptance, positive relationships, autonomy, mastery of the environment and personal growth were at a good level. It was possible to demonstrate the existence of a correlation between physical health, independence, social relations and the environment with psychological well-being in the inhabitants of both human settlements.
The Evaluation and Comparison of Chemical Quality of β-Carotene Extracted in Different Seasons from Azolla filicloides
Authors: Seifzadeh Mina
Published: December 2022

The present research was aimed for determining the quality of natural β-Carotene, comparing it with synthetic β-Carotene and the effect of season on it. Azolla was sampled in summer and winter seasons. The treatments included β-carotene derived from Azolla through the organic solutions. Synthetic β-Carotene was used as the control. The treatments were kept at 5°C for one year. The results showed purity, concentration, colorimetric and vitamin A in the experimental and control treatments, revealed significant difference (p<0.05). β-Carotene amount was higher in summer treatment group as compared to those sampled in winter (p<0.05). The solubility of β-Carotene was greatest in tetrahydrofuran, while methanol and acetonitrile exhibited the least solubility. Degradation was greatest in cyclohexanone. The experimental treatments had a desirable chemical quality the end of storage period. As the natural β-Carotene takes precedence over the synthetic one in terms of the food hygiene, it is recommended that β-Carotene extracted from Azolla can be substituted with synthetic β-Carotene in the food industry.
Estimation of New Student Admissions Using the Moving Average Method
Authors: Santi Rina Candra Noor , Eniyati Sri , Sugiyamta .
Published: December 2022

Acceptance of new students at several tertiary institutions, both public and private, will affect the learning and teaching process at these tertiary institutions. Because knowing the number of new students accepted is one way that can be used in determining the teaching and learning process.

This study aims to predict the number of new students for the coming year with the Moving Average method and calculate the absolute mean error rate for this type of data analysis. This method is applied to one of the private universities in Indonesia. To know the prediction of the number of new students every year, or to find out the estimated number of new students for the coming year.

The data used is the previous 7 years at one of the Indonesian private universities.

The results of this study are expected to be able to assist these tertiary institutions in planning a good teaching and learning process, because the number of new students will affect the number of existing lecturer ratios.
Effect of Previous Infection and Vaccination on Incidence of Covid-19 among Healthcare Workers and Antibody Response
Authors: Gupta J. B. , Khedar R. S , Mathur Alok , Jain Priyansha , Azad Danish , Madaan Muskan , Gupta Rajeev
Published: December 2022

Aims: To correlate the effect of previous COVID-19 infection and vaccination on incidence of COVID -19 infection .

Study Design: It is a prospective observational study.

Place and Duration of Study: Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Jaipur, India.

Methodology: We included 405 healthcare workers with COVID-19 positive infection, with or without the symptoms. Clinical as well as hematological examination were done.

Results: Our study showed 75.6% seropositivity rate even 6 months after vaccination in which seropositivity was significantly higher in people who had past history of COVID-19 .Antibody levels were highest when observed one month after vaccination. A decrease in antibody levels over time after vaccination is observed. Seropositivity rate was significantly higher in people who were less than 40 years old.

Conclusion: A decrease in antibody levels over time after vaccination is observed and this  showed that the rate of infection decreases after receiving vaccination.
On the Non-Relativistic Space-Time View and the Covariation of Maxwell's Equations
Authors: Huang Zhi-Xun
Published: December 2022

Based on the discussion of Maxwell's equations (ME) and the comparison between the non-relativistic view of time and space and the special theory of relativity (SR), this paper weaved a picture of physical theory breaking the conventional twists and turns. For a long time, many physicists have labeled the classical electromagnetic theory with ME at its core "relativistic electromagnetism." However, 200 years of theoretical and experimental progress have made electromagnetism stand out without the approval of relativity. H. Lorentz insisted that the theory of the existence of ether was correct, and that it was fundamentally different from SR. In this paper, Lorentz relativity is considered superior to Einstein Relativity. The so-called Lorentz transform (LT) has played a historic role in the development of physical theories. However, we are against the one-sided emphasis on the absolute requirement of "physical laws on LT covariation". It is wrong to regard it as an iron law that cannot be violated. Current scientific development has shown that one should not despise and ignore the time-space view based on Galilei transform (GT), so called Generalized GT (i.e. GGT) has shown its value today. In this paper, physical vacuum is proposed as the main option of "new ether". It emphasizes that quantum non-locality is a non-relativistic view of time and space and has been successful. It emphasizes the possibility of superluminal motion and suggests the establishment of "Superluminal Light Physics" as a new discipline. This paper makes a sharp criticism on Einstein's SR theory and viewpoint, which can be used for reference.

This paper also say that the 2022 Nobel prize in physics has been awarded to A. Aspect et al. it sent shock waves through the physical world. The Einstein's local realism did not correct, and Einstein's thought logically difinable causalily for quantum non-locality to resolve the EPR paradox. But in this situation, the problems still exist. For example, is quantum entanglement necessity logical or purely statistical?
Methods Adopted in the Preservation of Fish and their Health Implications to the People of Sampou, Bayelsa State
Authors: Stanley H. O. , Anusiobi F. O. , Okere I. W. , Ebipa A. , Egwu B. C. , Briggs H. F. , Bestman T. P. , Dekawei L. R. , Elliot-Wokoro D. S.
Published: December 2022

The methods adopted to preserve fish can affect its nutritional quality owing to the likelihood of deposition of chemical and biological agents, which can also be injurious to health upon consumption. This study aimed to assess the impact of these preservation methods on the health of the people of Sampou. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among people of Sampou, aged between 15-60 years. Data were collected from 364 respondents using interview and self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The study shows that smoking is the most common method of fish preservation in Sampou because it's easily accessible. Result of the study also revealed that fish preservation methods have health implications, such as burns, eye irritation, cough, asthma exacerbation, bronchitis, fever and chest pain. Although, smoking tends to prolong the shelf life of the fish it impacts adversely on health. It was recommended that farmers should seek support to build a solar powered cold room storage in Sampou, while the government should provide funds which will help fish farmers get better equipment. Medical officers and other healthcare workers should encourage regular medical screening and check up for fish farmers.
Responsiveness of Mulberry Plant (Morus alba L.) towards the Agro-climatic Conditions and Its Influence on Growth and Yield Parameters under Sub-tropical Conditions of Poonch District of Jammu & Kashmir, India
Authors: Chanotra Suraksha , Muskan . , Bhat Muzafar Ahmad , Angotra Jyoty , Verma Gurvinder Raj , Langer Seema , Aziz Abdul
Published: December 2022

An experiment was undertaken to analyse the impact of fluctuating climateon growth and development of mulberry cuttings (T-1), saplings (T-2), wild tree (T-3) and cultivated tree (control) of the same variety (Chakmajra). Various growth parameters like survivability percentage, rooting percentage, number of sprouted cuttings, fresh and dry weight of leaves and moisture retention capacity (MRC) were studied. Poonch district experienced temperature (temp.) of 3.8 to 15.3 ºC, relative humidity (RH) of 56 to 62%, rainfall 560 to 87mm and snowfall of 213 to 461mm during January to April, 2022. Maximum survivability and rooting percentage of 85.6% in case of T-1 and least 60% in T-3. Whereas, maximum values of longest shoot length and thickest diameter was recorded in T-2 as 16.2 cm and 1.1 cm respectively. T-2 showed more positive results in terms of total no. of available fresh leaves (09), fresh (64g) and dry (16g) weight of the shoots, no. of primary roots (78), MRC (86.2%) and diameter of shoot (1.1cm). Therefore, it can be concluded that farmers should plant saplings directly to save time and resources as it showed better results in terms of various traits under the agro-climatic conditions of Poonch district.
Traditional Use, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Four Dalbergia Species (Dalbergia Sissoo, Dalbergia Odorifera, Dalbergia Melanoxylon and Dalbergia Lactea Vatke): A Review
Authors: Misganu Y.
Published: December 2022

This review study concerned to survey traditional use and scientific reports for four Dalbergia species namely: Dalbergia sisso, Dalbergia melanoxylon, Dalbergia odorifera and Dalbergia  lactea vatke. Genus Dalbergia (Fabaceae or Leguminosae) is an important plant in traditional use. For example, in different part of the world these plants have been used traditionally for the treatment of blood diseases, syphilis, stomach problems, dysentery, nose disorders, ulcers, skin diseases, abdominal pains and anthelmintic.

Phytochemical studies on different parts of these plants have indicated the presences of varieties secondary metabolites except Dalbergia lactea vatke. The widely reported are flavonoids, Cinnamyl flavan, terpenoids, and benzofuran among other things. On the other hand the bioassay studies on crude extracts and pure isolates have shown significant anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic and anti-analgesic activities. However there is no literature survey performed on Dalbergia lactea vatke.
Hyers-Ulam-Rassias Stability of a General Septic Functional Equation
Authors: Jin Sun-Sook , Lee Yang-Hi
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we investigate the stability of the following general septic functional equation:                                                                 \(\sum_{i=0}^8{ }_8 C_i(-1)^{8-i} f(x+(i-4) y)=0\)which is a generalization of many functional equations such as the additive functional equation, the quadratic functional equation, the cubic functional equation, the quartic functional equation, the quintic functional equation, and the sextic functional equation. The equation is analysed from the perspective of Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability.
Status of Research on Water Hammer Effect in Long Distance Pressure Pipelines
Authors: Linfeng Wu , Rongyu You , Wen Wang , Fan Zhang
Published: December 2022

In the long distance pressure pipeline, the sudden change of instantaneous pressure caused by the rapid change of liquid velocity is called water hammer, which seriously threatens the safe operation of hydropower station.  In this paper, the development and calculation methods of transient flow percussion theory are introduced, and different models and numerical methods are analyzed and compared. Finally, the problems in transient flow research and water hammer prevention measures are summarized, which is helpful to reduce the occurrence of water hammer accidents and guarantee the normal and stable operation of water supply pipeline system. This conclusion can provide reference for water hammer protection of long distance water supply system.
Development and Validation of Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Quantitative Estimation of Tofacitinib in Tofacitinib Tablets Dosage Form
Authors: Rao P. Venkateswara , Anuradha V. , Ramachandran D. , Rao C. V. Nageswara
Published: December 2022

Aim: The main intention of the research work is to develop an effective, sensitive, economical and uncomplicated reverse phase HPLC technique for the estimation of Tofacitinib in Tofacitinib tablets dosage form.

Study Design: HPLC based quantification studies.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, between August 2022 and November 2022.

Methodology: Estimation of Tofacitinib in Tofacitinib tablets dosage form. The separation was achieved by using a stationary phase Kromasil C18 (150 x 4.6 mm, 5µ) and the mobile phase consisted of pH 4.0 phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of (80:20 volume/volume). The flow rate was 1.5 mL/min. Tofacitinib was detected using UV detector at the wavelength of 215 nm. Column temperature 25°C and sample temperature 25°C and injection volume 20µL, run time was 20 minutes.

Results: As there is no meddling between blank and placebo at the retention time of Tofacitinib. Degradation study results were shown significant degradation was observed in alkali (base) stress condition. Hence it can be concluded that Tofacitinib is sensitive to alkali. To obtain system exactitude, a study was conducted with six replicate injections. %RSD was estimated from the peak areas of Tofacitinib found to be 0.16% respectively. The relative standard deviation for method exactitude was found to be 5 mg and 10 mg is 0.26% and 0.75%. The proposed HPLC technique was linear over the range of 24.88-74.64 µg/mL, the correlation coefficient was found to be 1.0000. The accuracy studies were shown as % recovery for Tofacitinib 50% to150% level. The limit of % recovered shown is in the range of 98 and 102% and the results obtained were found to be within the limits. Hence the method was found to be accurate. The solution stability of the standard and samples are stable upto 48 hrs on a bench top and refrigerator (2-8°C). The technique is robust for changes like flow rate, column oven temperature, pH variation and the organic phase of the mobile phase. Performed the filter validation for sample solution 0.45 µm PVDF filterers are suitable for filtration.

The technique has authenticated as per ICH instructions and all the validation parameters are satisfy the ICH Q2 specification acceptance limits.

Conclusion: The urbanized technique was validated for various parameters as per ICH guidelines like accuracy, precision, linearity, specificity, system suitability, solution stability and robustness. The results obtained were within the acceptance criteria. So, it can be concluded that the developed method is simple, precise, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and safe and can be successfully employed for the routine analysis of Tofacitinib in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Microbiological Assessment of Smoked Clarias gariepinus Sold in Yenagoa
Authors: Teke E. C. , Immanuel O. M. , Oku I. Y. , Okafor H. C.
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to assess the microbial quality of smoked Clarias gariepinus sold in markets in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Fish samples processed using open drums, were purchased from retailers from Agudama, Akenfa, Kpansia Opolo and Tombia markets and analyzed for their microbial quality using viable plate count. Fish samples from Agudama market had total viable count (TVC) of 6.0×105 CFU/g and total fungi count (TFC) of  2.0×105 CFU/g; Akenfa market samples had TVC of 9×105 CFU/g and TFC of 7.0×105 CFU/g; Kpansia market samples had TVC of 3.5×106 CFU/g and TFC of 2.0×105; Opolo market samples had TVC of 3.0×106 CFU/g  and TFC of 2.0×105 CFU/g while Tombia market samples had TVC of 2.0×105 CFU/g and TFC of 1.0×105 CFU/g. The bacterial isolates were identified as Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptobacillus species. while the fungal isolates were identified as Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus terreus, Candida species and Mucor species. The fish samples, except those from Tombia market, had high microbial load and presence of pathogen, which is indicative of the poor conditions of processing, packaging, storage and display in the market. Improvement of processing practice and packaging method are recommended.
Assessment of Screening for Adverse Childhood Experiences and Receipt of Behavioral Health Services Among Children and Adolescents
Authors: Negriff Sonya , DiGangi Mercie J. , Sidell Margo , Liu Jialuo , Coleman Karen J.
Published: December 2022

Importance

Screening for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in primary care settings has been increasing as a response to the overwhelming and consistent evidence of the deleterious associations between ACEs and later physical and mental health. However, there is little empirical guidance on the appropriate implementation of ACEs screening in pediatric primary care.

Objective

To test the use of a pilot intervention for ACEs screening and referral on the receipt of behavioral health care for children and adolescents within a large integrated health care delivery system.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a large integrated health care system serving Southern California. Child and adolescent members of the target health care system younger than 18 years between July 1, 2018, and November 30, 2021, who received a positive screening for ACEs at the pilot clinic were included. This pilot clinic implemented an intervention that included additional screening questions and incorporated social workers into the process of evaluation and referral for behavioral health needs following ACEs screening.

Exposures

ACEs screening.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Visit to a behavioral health care service within 90 days of a positive ACEs screen determined as a score of 1 or higher and behavioral symptoms.

Results

The cohort consisted of 4030 children (mean [SD] age, 9.94 [4.55] years) with positive ACEs screening, 48% adolescents (11-17.99 years), approximately equal gender (51% females), 73% Hispanic, and 33% with Medicaid insurance. After the intervention, children were more likely to have a behavioral health services visit within 90 days of the screening than before the intervention (from 4.33% to 32.48%; incidence rate ratio, 7.50; 95% CI, 1.55-36.2).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, the implementation of a new ACEs screening and referral process was associated with increased receipt of behavioral health services among children with a positive ACEs screening. This could be useful strategy for other health care systems responding to state and local mandates to screen and provide care for children with ACEs.
Alkali Metal Cations as Charge‐Transfer Bridge for Polarization Promoted Solar‐to‐H2 Conversion
Authors: Wang Meiyang , Zhang Zhenzong , Chi Zexu , Lou Lan‐lan , Li Hui , Yu Han , Ma Tianyi , Yu Kai , Wang Hao
Published: December 2022

Utilization of spontaneous polarization electric field of ferroelectric materials to realize the spatial separation and fast transfer of photogenerated charges has been regarded as a promising strategy to fabricate highly efficient photocatalysts. Herein, a novel heterostructure is constructed by coupling potassium poly(heptazine imide) (K‐PHI) with ferroelectric BaxSr1‐xTiO3 (BxST) through a facile electrostatic self‐assembly strategy. The ionic species of K‐PHI can neutralize the polarized charges in BxST to form intimate interfacial contact, substantially boosting the internal electric field. Notably, K+ cations intercalated into K‐PHI act as charge‐transfer bridge to promote migration and separation of photogenerated charge carriers. As a result, a significantly improved H2‐evolution rate of 1087.4 µmol h−1 g−1 with an apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 8.05% at 420 nm is achieved over 5% K‐PHI/B0.8ST, standing among the best polymeric carbon nitride‐based photocatalysts reported up to date. Moreover, the extreme stability of the catalysts is evidenced by remaining outstanding catalytic performance even after storage for half a year. This strategy can be extended to other alkali metal (Na+ and Cs+) modified polymeric materials, highlighting the key role of the bridging ions in constructing polarized heterostructure, which sheds light on the design of ferroelectric‐assisted photocatalysts.
Surprising Eutectics: Enhanced Properties of ZnO‐ZnWO4 from Visible to MIR
Authors: Petronijevic Emilija , Tomczyk Monika , Belardini Alessandro , Osewski Paweł , Piotrowski Piotr , Centini Marco , Leahu Grigore , Voti Roberto Li , Pawlak Dorota Anna , Sibilia Concita , Larciprete Maria Cristina
Published: December 2022

Zinc oxide‐zinc tungstate (ZnO‐ZnWO4 ) is a self‐organized eutectic composite consisting of parallel ZnO thin layers (lamellae) embedded in a dielectric ZnWO4 matrix. The electromagnetic behavior of composite materials is affected not only by the properties of single constituent materials but also by their reciprocal geometrical micro‐/nano‐structurization, as in the case of ZnO‐ZnWO4. The light interacting with microscopic structural features in the composite material provides new optical properties, which overcome the possibilities offered by the constituent materials. Here remarkable active and passive polarization control of this composite over various wavelength ranges are shown; these properties are based on the crystal orientation of ZnO with respect to the biaxiality of the ZnWO4 matrix. In the visible range, polarization‐dependent polarized luminescence occurs for blue light emitted by ZnO. Moreover, it is reported on the enhancement of the second harmonic generation of the composite with respect to its constituents, due to the phase matching condition. Finally, in the medium infrared spectral region, the composite behaves as a metamaterial with strong polarization dependence.
Metal Anodes with Ultrahigh Reversibility Enabled by the Closest Packing Crystallography for Sustainable Batteries
Authors: Hao Zhimeng , Zhang Yufeng , Hao Zhenkun , Li Geng , Lu Yong , Jin Song , Yang Gaojing , Zhang Sihan , Yan Zhenhua , Zhao Qing , Chen Jun
Published: December 2022

The ever‐growing annual electricity generated from sustainable and intermittent energy such as wind and solar power requires cost effective and reliable electrochemical energy storage. Rechargeable batteries based on multivalent metal anodes such as Zn, Al, and Fe, taking advantage of large‐scale production and affordable cost, have emerged as promising candidates. However, the uncontrollable dendrite‐like metal deposition on regular substrate caused by disordered metal crystallization usually leads to premature failure of batteries and even safety concerns when the dendrite bridges the electrodes. Here it is reported that a series of metal anodes (Zn, Co, Al, Ni, and Fe) with multiple crystal structures (hexagonal close‐packed, face‐centered cubic, and body‐centered cubic) can achieve dendrite‐free and epitaxial deposition on single‐crystal Cu(111) substrates enabled by the closest packing crystallography. Moreover, the closest packed facets are aligned horizontally with the substrates, resulting in compact planar construction and excellent chemical stability even at an unprecedented current density of 1 A cm−2. The full cells under a practical anode‐to‐cathode capacity ratio of 2.3 show a cycling life span of over 800 cycles with Coulombic efficiency of > 99.9%. The universal approach of regulating metal electrodeposition in this work is expected to boost the development of emerging sustainable energy storage/conversion devices.
Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Well‐Defined and Disordered Plasmonic Systems: A Review
Authors: Ron Racheli , Zar Tchiya , Salomon Adi
Published: December 2022

Disordered metallic nanostructures have features that are not realized in well‐defined nanometallic counterparts, such as broadband light localization and inhomogeneous refraction index at the nanoscale. Disordered metal systems with a networked inner architecture have both particles and voids with subwavelength dimensions which are randomly 3D organized in space. These disordered structures are benefited from high surface area and damage stability, permit guest materials permeability, and can be achieved in large scales employing less costs and expertise. Their abundant nanosize gaps and sharp tips can interact with incident light over a broadband range to generate a rich pattern of hot‐spots and can therefore function as an artificial leaf, for example. Here, the linear and nonlinear optical properties of both well‐defined and disordered plasmonic structures are reviewed with a focus on largescale 3D metallic networks. An efficiency comparison of those structures as an optical source for second harmonic generation is presented as well.
Molecular Engineering of Silicon Phthalocyanine to Improve the Charge Transport and Ammonia Sensing Properties of Organic Heterojunction Gas Sensors
Authors: Ganesh Moorthy Sujithkumar , King Benjamin , Kumar Abhishek , Lesniewska Eric , Lessard Benoît H. , Bouvet Marcel
Published: December 2022

Novel organic heterostructures fabricated with a bilayer consisting of an axially substituted silicon phthalocyanine (R2‐SiPc) derivative and lutetium bis‐phthalocyanine (LuPc2) are investigated for their ammonia sensing properties. Surface and microstructure characterization of the heterostructure films reveal either compact or highly porous surface topography in (345F)2‐SiPc and Cl2‐SiPc‐based heterostructures, while electrical characterization reveals a strong influence of the axial substituent in R2‐SiPc on NH3 sensing capabilities. Electrical characterization further demonstrates an apparent energy barrier for interfacial charge transport, which is higher in the (345F)2‐SiPc/LuPc2 heterojunction device. In‐depth charge transport studies by impedance spectroscopy further reveal a resistive interface in (345F)2‐SiPc/LuPc2 and faster bulk and interfacial charge transport in Cl2‐SiPc/LuPc2 heterojunction devices. Different interfacial charge transport capabilities and surface topographies affect NH3 sensing properties of the two heterojunction devices, in which (345F)2‐SiPc/LuPc2 reveals a fast and non‐linear response with a limit of detection (LOD) of 310 ppb, while Cl2‐SiPc/LuPc2 exhibits a slow, and linear response to NH3 with LOD of 100 ppb. Finally, different metrological parameters of the two sensors are correlated to the respective gas‐material interactions, in which adsorption and diffusion regimes are modulated by the surface topography and hydrophobicity of the sensing layer.
Artificial Olfactory Biohybrid System: An Evolving Sense of Smell
Authors: Qin Chuanting , Wang Yi , Hu Jiawang , Wang Ting , Liu Dong , Dong Jian , Lu Yuan
Published: December 2022

The olfactory system can detect and recognize tens of thousands of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at low concentrations in complex environments. Bioelectronic nose (B‐EN), which mimics olfactory systems, is becoming an emerging sensing technology for identifying VOCs with sensitivity and specificity. B‐ENs integrate electronic sensors with bioreceptors and pattern recognition technologies to enable medical diagnosis, public security, environmental monitoring, and food safety. However, there is currently no commercially available B‐EN on the market. Apart from the high selectivity and sensitivity necessary for volatile organic compound analysis, commercial B‐ENs must overcome issues impacting sensor operation and other problems associated with odor localization. The emergence of nanotechnology has provided a novel research concept for addressing these problems. In this work, the structure and operational mechanisms of biomimetic olfactory systems are discussed, with an emphasis on the development and immobilization of materials. Various biosensor applications and current developments are reviewed. Challenges and opportunities for fulfilling the potential of artificial olfactory biohybrid systems in fundamental and practical research are investigated in greater depth.
All‐Solid‐State Garnet‐Based Lithium Batteries at Work–In Operando TEM Investigations of Delithiation/Lithiation Process and Capacity Degradation Mechanism
Authors: Hou An‐Yuan , Huang Chih‐Yang , Tsai Chih‐Long , Huang Chun‐Wei , Schierholz Roland , Lo Hung‐Yang , Tempel Hermann , Kungl Hans , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. , Chang Jeng‐Kuei , Wu Wen‐Wei
Published: December 2022

Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO)‐based all‐solid‐state Li batteries (SSLBs) are very attractive next‐generation energy storage devices owing to their potential for achieving enhanced safety and improved energy density. However, the rigid nature of the ceramics challenges the SSLB fabrication and the afterward interfacial stability during electrochemical cycling. Here, a promising LLZO‐based SSLB with a high areal capacity and stable cycle performance over 100 cycles is demonstrated. In operando transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used for successfully demonstrating and investigating the delithiation/lithiation process and understanding the capacity degradation mechanism of the SSLB on an atomic scale. Other than the interfacial delamination between LLZO and LiCoO2 (LCO) owing to the stress evolvement during electrochemical cycling, oxygen deficiency of LCO not only causes microcrack formation in LCO but also partially decomposes LCO into metallic Co and is suggested to contribute to the capacity degradation based on the atomic‐scale insights. When discharging the SSLB to a voltage of ≈1.2 versus Li/Li+, severe capacity fading from the irreversible decomposition of LCO into metallic Co and Li2O is observed under in operando TEM. These observations reveal the capacity degradation mechanisms of the LLZO‐based SSLB, which provides important information for future LLZO‐based SSLB developments.
Rare diseases of ectoderm: Translating discovery to therapy
Authors: Wright John Timothy , Abbott Becky M. , Salois Maddison N. , Gugger Jessica A. , Parraga Shirley P. , Swanson Amanda K. , Fete Mary , Koster Maranke I.
Published: December 2022

Heritable conditions known as ectodermal dysplasias are rare and can be associated with marked morbidity, mortality, and a reduced quality of life. The diagnosis and care of individuals affected by one of the many ectodermal dysplasias presents myriad challenges due to their rarity and the diverse phenotypes. These conditions are caused by abnormalities in multiple genes and signaling pathways that are essential for the development and function of ectodermal derivatives. During a 2021 international conference focused on translating discovery to therapy, researchers and clinicians gathered with the goal of advancing the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting ectodermal tissues with an emphasis on skin, hair, tooth, and eye phenotypes. Conference participants presented a variety of promising treatment strategies including gene or protein replacement, gene editing, cell therapy, and the identification of druggable targets. Further, barriers that negatively influence the current development of novel therapeutics were identified. These barriers include a lack of accurate prevalence data for rare conditions, absence of an inclusive patient registry with deep phenotyping data, and insufficient animal models and cell lines. Overcoming these barriers will need to be prioritized in order to facilitate the development of novel treatments for genetic disorders of the ectoderm.
New prospectives on treatment opportunities in RASopathies
Authors: Gelb Bruce D. , Yohe Marielle E. , Wolf Cordula , Andelfinger Gregor
Published: December 2022

The RASopathies are a group of clinically defined developmental syndromes caused by germline variants of the RAS/mitogen‐activated protein (MAPK) cascade. The prototypic RASopathy is Noonan syndrome, which has phenotypic overlap with related disorders such as cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, Costello syndrome, Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, and others. In this state‐of‐the‐art review, we summarize current knowledge on unmet therapeutic needs in these diseases and novel treatment approaches informed by insights from RAS/MAPK‐associated cancer therapies, in particular through inhibition of MEK1/2 and mTOR in patients with severe disease manifestations. We explore the possibilities of integrating a larger arsenal of molecules currently under development into future care plans. Lastly, we describe both medical and ethical challenges and opportunities for future clinical trials in the field.
Two‐Dimensional Polymer Networks Locking on Inorganic Nanoparticles
Authors: Tao Xingfu , Li Yang , Yu Linxiuzi , Zhang Yinshu , Han Chenglong , Yang Yang , Qian Hujun , Lu Zhongyuan , Liu Kun
Published: December 2022

Two‐dimensional polymers (2DPs), single‐layer networks of covalently linked monomers, show perspectives as membranes and in electronics. However, 2D polymerization of monomers in orthogonal directions limited the formation of 2DPs on nanoparticles (NPs) with high surface curvatures. Here we propose a high‐curvature 2D polymerization to form a single‐layer 2DP network as a non‐contacting ligand on the surface of NPs for their stabilization and functionalization. The high‐curvature 2D polymerization of amphiphilic Gemini monomers was conducted in situ on surfaces of NPs with various sizes, shapes, and materials, forming highly cross‐linked 2DPs. Selective etching of core–shell NPs led to 2DPs as a non‐contact ligand of yolk‐shell structures with excellent shape retention and high NP‐surface accessibility. In addition, by copolymerization, the 2DP ligands can covalently link to other functional molecules. This work promotes the development of 2DPs on NPs for their functional modification.
A Widely Distributed Biosynthetic Cassette Is Responsible for Diverse Plant Side Chain Cross‐Linked Cyclopeptides**
Authors: Lima Stella T. , Ampolini Brigitte G. , Underwood Ethan B. , Graf Tyler N. , Earp Cody E. , Khedi Imani C. , Pasquale Michael A. , Chekan Jonathan R.
Published: December 2022

Cyclopeptide alkaloids are an abundant class of plant cyclopeptides with over 200 analogs described and bioactivities ranging from analgesic to antiviral. While these natural products have been known for decades, their biosynthetic basis remains unclear. Using a transcriptome‐mining approach, we link the cyclopeptide alkaloids from Ceanothus americanus to dedicated RiPP precursor peptides and identify new, widely distributed split BURP peptide cyclase containing gene clusters. Guided by our bioinformatic analysis, we identify and isolate new cyclopeptides from Coffea arabica, which we named arabipeptins. Reconstitution of the enzyme activity for the BURP found in the biosynthesis of arabipeptin A validates the activity of the newly discovered split BURP peptide cyclases. These results expand our understanding of the biosynthetic pathways responsible for diverse cyclic plant peptides and suggest that these side chain cross‐link modifications are widely distributed in eudicots.
Protoglobin‐Catalyzed Formation of cis‐Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Cyclopropanes by Carbene Transfer
Authors: Schaus Lucas , Das Anuvab , Knight Anders M. , Jimenez‐Osés Gonzalo , Houk K. N. , Garcia‐Borràs Marc , Arnold Frances H. , Huang Xiongyi
Published: December 2022

Trifluoromethyl‐substituted cyclopropanes (CF3‐CPAs) constitute an important class of compounds for drug discovery. While several methods have been developed for synthesis of trans‐CF3‐CPAs, stereoselective production of corresponding cis‐diastereomers remains a formidable challenge. We report a biocatalyst for diastereo‐ and enantio‐selective synthesis of cis‐CF3‐CPAs with activity on a variety of alkenes. We found that an engineered protoglobin from Aeropyrnum pernix (ApePgb) can catalyze this unusual reaction at preparative scale with low‐to‐excellent yield (6–55 %) and enantioselectivity (17–99 % ee), depending on the substrate. Computational studies revealed that the steric environment in the active site of the protoglobin forced iron‐carbenoid and substrates to adopt a pro‐cis near‐attack conformation. This work demonstrates the capability of enzyme catalysts to tackle challenging chemistry problems and provides a powerful means to expand the structural diversity of CF3‐CPAs for drug discovery.
Chloroacetamide‐Modified Nucleotide and RNA for Bioconjugations and Cross‐Linking with RNA‐Binding Proteins
Authors: Brunderová Mária , Krömer Matouš , Vlková Marta , Hocek Michal
Published: December 2022

Reactive RNA probes are useful for studying and identifying RNA‐binding proteins. To that end, we designed and synthesized chloroacetamide‐linked 7‐deaza‐ATP which was a good substrate for T7 RNA polymerase in in vitro transcription assay to synthesize reactive RNA probes bearing one or several reactive modifications. Modified RNA probes reacted with thiol‐containing molecules as well as with cysteine‐ or histidine‐containing peptides to form stable covalent products. They also reacted selectively with RNA‐binding proteins to form cross‐linked conjugates in high conversions thanks to proximity effect. Our modified nucleotide and RNA probes are promising tools for applications in RNA (bio)conjugations or RNA proteomics.
Photochemical Processes of Superbase Generation in Xanthone Carboxylic Salts
Authors: Ley Christian , Siedel Antoine , Bertaux Tony , Croutxé‐Barghorn Céline , Allonas Xavier
Published: December 2022

Photobase generators are species that allow the photocatalysis of various reactions, such as thiol‐Michael, thiol‐isocyanate, and ring‐opening polymerization reactions. However, existing compounds have complex syntheses and low quantum yields. To overcome these problems, photobase generators based on the photodecarboxylation reaction were developed. We synthesized and studied the photochemistry and photophysics of two xanthone photobase, their carboxylic acid precursors, and their photoproducts to understand the photobase generation mechanism. We determined accurate quantum yields of triplet states and photobase generation. The effect of the intermediate radical preceding the base release was demonstrated. We characterized the photophysics of the photobase by femtosecond spectroscopy and showed that the photodecarboxylation process occurred from the second excited triplet state with a rate constant of 2.2×109 s−1.
Super‐Resolution Tension PAINT Imaging with a Molecular Beacon
Authors: Kim Seong Ho , Li Isaac T. S.
Published: December 2022

DNA‐PAINT enabled super‐resolution imaging through the transient binding of fluorescently‐labelled single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) imagers to target ssDNA. However, its performance is constrained by imager background fluorescence, resulting in relatively long image acquisition and potential artifacts. We designed a molecular beacon (MB) as the PAINT imager. Unbound MB in solution reduces the background fluorescence due to its natively quenched state. They are fluorogenic upon binding to target DNA to create individual fluorescence events. We demonstrate that MB‐PAINT provides localization precision similar to traditional linear imager DNA‐PAINT. We also show that MB‐PAINT is ideally suited for fast super‐resolution imaging of molecular tension probes in living cells, eliminating the potential of artifacts from free‐diffusing imagers in traditional DNA‐PAINT at the cell‐substrate interface.
Association of Circulating Antibody‐Secreting Cell Maturity With Disease Features in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Steinmetz Tobit D. , Verstappen Gwenny M. , Schulz Sebastian R. , de Wolff Liseth , Wilbrink Rick , Visser Annie , Terpstra Janneke , Bootsma Hendrika , Kroese Frans G. M.
Published: December 2022

Objective

B cell hyperactivity plays an important role in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). We undertook this study to better understand the B cell effector branch, namely antibody‐secreting cells (ASCs) in primary SS, and to examine the quantity, maturity, and inflammatory properties of ASCs in primary SS patients.

Methods

Circulating ASCs, defined as CD3–CD14–CD27+CD38++ cells, from 21 primary SS patients and 10 healthy controls were assessed using spectral flow cytometry. Expression levels of relevant ASC markers relating to maturity, survival, and inflammatory status were analyzed using a t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding approach. Correlation of ASC properties with primary SS disease parameters was assessed.

Results

ASCs were more abundant in peripheral blood from primary SS patients than from healthy controls (mean ± SD 3.1 ± 5.1 cells/μl versus 1.1 ± 1.0 cells/μl, respectively; P = 0.048) and displayed a more mature phenotype (mean ± SD CD19– ASCs 0.37 ± 1.21 cells/μl versus 0.06 ± 0.11 cells/μl, respectively; P = 0.005). An inflammatory CXCR3+ phenotype of ASCs correlated positively with our newly developed ASC maturity index (r = 0.568, P = 0.007) but correlated negatively with antiinflammatory interleukin‐10 expression (r = –0.769, P < 0.001). ASCs with a higher maturity index also demonstrated higher levels of the pro‐survival protein myeloid cell leukemia 1 (r = 0.567, P = 0.007). Frequency and/or maturity of ASCs correlated with several primary SS disease parameters, such as antinuclear antibody and anti‐La/SSB titers, salivary gland focus scores, and ocular staining scores.

Conclusion

Quantity and maturity of ASCs in primary SS patients are increased and correlate with disease parameters. A higher maturity index of ASCs marks a pro‐survival and proinflammatory phenotype. Altogether, B cell hyperactivity in primary SS extends to the peripheral ASC compartment, raising potential for ASCs as future biomarkers or targets for primary SS treatment.

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Multidimensional motor performance in children with autism mostly remains stable with age and predicts social communication delay, language delay, functional delay, and repetitive behavior severity after accounting for intellectual disability or cognitive delay: A SPARK dataset analysis
Authors: Bhat Anjana
Published: December 2022

When motor difficulties continue into adolescence/adulthood, they could negatively impact an individual with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)'s daily living skills, physical fitness, as well as physical and mental health/well‐being. Few studies have examined motor difficulties in children with ASD as a function of sex or age; however, greater cognitive challenges are associated with worse general motor performance. Based on the Developmental Coordination Disorder‐Questionnaire (DCD‐Q) data from the SPARK study sample, 87%–88% children with ASD were at‐risk for a general motor impairment that persisted until 15 years and was related to their core and co‐occurring difficulties. Bhat et al. confirmed motor difficulties in children with ASD on multiple motor dimensions that predicted core and co‐occurring conditions after accounting for age and sex. However, presence of intellectual disability (ID) or cognitive delay was not controlled in the previous analysis. Additionally, the effects of age, sex, and cognitive ability on multidimensional motor difficulties of the SPARK sample have not been discussed before. Therefore, this analysis examines the effects of age, sex, and cognitive ability (presence of ID or level of cognitive delay) on the motor performance of children from the SPARK sample using the DCD‐Q. Except fine motor skills, multiple motor domains did not change with age in children with ASD. Females without ID improved their fine motor scores with age, and performed better compared to males without ID. Children with ASD and ID had greater motor difficulties across multiple motor domains than those without ID. Even after controlling for age, sex, and presence of ID/cognitive delay; motor performance was predictive of social communication skills, repetitive behavior severity, as well as language and functional delays. Gross motor skills contributed more than fine motor and general motor competence skills in predicting social communication delay. However, fine motor and general motor competence skills contributed more than gross motor skills in predicting repetitive behavior severity and language delay. Both, fine and gross motor skills predicted functional delay. In light of consistent findings on motor difficulties in children with ASD, adding motor issues as a specifier within the ASD definition could provide a clear clinical route for movement clinicians to address motor difficulties of individuals with ASD.
Behavioral and neuroinflammatory changes caused by glyphosate: Base herbicide in mice offspring
Authors: de Castro Vieira Carneiro Carla Larissa , Chaves Edna Maria Camelo , Neves Kelly Rose Tavares , Braga Marcus Davis Machado , Assreuy Ana Maria Sampaio , de Moraes Maria Elisabete Amaral , Aragão Gislei Frota
Published: December 2022

Background

Glyphosate is a pesticide considered of low toxicity, but scientific evidences show it can be harmful to health. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity in mice offspring exposed to glyphosate‐based herbicide (GBH) during the intrauterine period.

Methods

Female matrices received glyphosate 0.3 mg/kg daily per oral throughout the gestational period, which was variable between 18 and 22 days. From the 25th until the 28th days post‐birth, mice offspring were subjected to behavioral tests, and the prefrontal cortex was processed for immunohistochemical analysis.

Results

Two significant behavioral changes were observed: anxiety in the GLIF0.3 group, increase in the behavior burying marbles in the marble‐burying test and hyperactivity, expressed by the significant increase of the crossing number in the open field test. The increased microglia, TNF‐alpha, and astrocyte expression were also observed in the prefrontal cortex of offspring treated with GLIF0.3.

Conclusion

Exposure to GBH during mice intrauterine development induces hyperactive and anxious behavior, evidencing neuroinflammation.