bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A REVIEW OF SELECTED PREHARVEST MANAGEMENT OPTIONS OF ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS AND AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION OF MAIZE IN TANZANIA
Authors: P. Tito Goodluck , Mugula Jovin K. , Madege Richard Raphael
Published: November 2022

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a staple food in Tanzania, but it is often susceptible to aflatoxin contamination caused by the Aspergillus flavus fungi. Aflatoxin contamination in crops is influenced by insufficient knowledge of pre-harvest management practices. Due to the toxic nature of aflatoxins, their proportions and concentrations in various food ingredients are subject to strict regulations in developed countries. The contamination resulting from aflatoxins remains one of the critical mycotoxin challenges in Tanzania because it affects food safety, security, trade, and human health. Either, an integrated combination of intervention measures such as biocontrol is the perfect strategy for sustainable reduction of A. flavus and aflatoxin production in maize. This paper explores several agricultural approaches that potentially reduce aflatoxins production in maize. Selected bio-controls such as Trichoderma spp and Atoxigenic A.flavus are among these strategies. The anticipation of this appraisal is to stimulate improvement of the existing aflatoxin management methods and inventions to exploit their effectiveness in managing toxigenic A.flavus and Aflatoxin production at harvest.
REACTIONS OF MAIZE GENOTYPES TO USTILAGO MAYDIS (DC) CORDA
Authors: Nyango Isack Peter , Njau Paul Jerry
Published: November 2022

Maize production in Tanzania has still been relatively low due to limiting factors such as diseases. Maize smut caused by Ustilago maydis is among those diseases. This study aimed to determine response to U. maydis by maize genotypes cultivated in Sengerema district, Tanzania. Five (5) maize genotypes, namely SEEDCO SC 419, ZAMSEED ZMS 402, PIONEER PHB 3253, LUBANGO HYBRID, and GEMBE were selected for use in the study. Control plots were established for yield loss quantification. 2mls and 3mls (1 × 106 teliospores mL-1) were injected into apical node of 60cm tall plant and into the ear silk of plant before pollination respectively to ensure uniform infection and thus eliminate disease escapes. Maize smut disease was assessed based on its symptoms and signs. Data on the smut incidence, severity, number of kernels per cob, total grain weight, yield, and yield loss were collected. Smut disease incidence, severity and yield loss had significant impact among the tested genotypes (p<0.001). The highest and lowest average disease incidence was in GEMBE (5.22%) and ZAMSEED ZMS402 (0.66%) respectively. While the highest and lowest mean severity were in GEMBE (2.48cm) and SEEDCO SC 419(0.07cm) respectively. The average yield loss for SEEDCO SC 419 was 51.89% recorded as the lowest. While for the ZAMSEED ZMS402 was 65.17% recording as the most susceptible. Based on the results SEEDCO SC419 was the most tolerant genotype to U. maydis. Differences in susceptibility levels among the maize genotypes is an important factor influencing U. maydis infection success.
Actualización de las dietas de protección hepática
Authors:   , Salsa Mirco Esteban
Published: November 2022

La Ciencia Médica, en su marcha de perfeccionamiento progresivo, abandonó el empirismo y ahondando con métodos más eficaces en la función de los órganos racionalizó el diagnóstico y permite hacer ahora mejores tratamientos. Se ha llegado a la etapa de la terapéutica protectora de las funciones orgánicas. En esta orientación se ubican las dietas como medios importantísimos para prevenir y curar en fermedades. La dietoterapia es una indicación cabal en el empeño de proteger y restablecer la función del hígado, amenazada o lesionada por cualquiera de las enfermedades agudas o crónicas que atacan el parénquima glandular o su sistema de excreción. Por guardar el hígado un vínculo estrecho con la alimentación, la mejor manera de aumentar su defensa es por medio de la dietética.
Edição de textos publicitários na tela do computador: da apropriação pelos professores à prática na sala de aula
Authors:   , Silva Figueredo Angela Maria da
Published: November 2022

O propósito dessa investigação foi analisar e compreender os pressupostos que permearam as decisões dos professores de 2ºs, 3ºs, 4ºs e 5ºs anos do ensino fundamental - participantes do Programa Ler e Escrever da Rede Estadual de Educação do estado de São Paulo, Brasil – diante da proposta de desenvolverem uma sequência didática que explorou os conteúdos nela envolvidos, que os colocou no papel de editores de textos publicitários na tela do computador (saber próprio). A partir dessa experiência, foi solicitado que elaborassem uma situação didática (transformando seu saber próprio em saber didático ou transposição didática) e, desenvolvessem a atividade em sala de aula (fazer didático). As duas primeiras etapas foram desenvolvidas em duplas e trios de docentes e na terceira etapa foi observada e registrada a implementação das aulas planejadas nas salas de aula A hipótese que orientou esta análise é que os professores - formados pelo Programa Ler e Escrever - transporiam os princípios construídos no processo de formação ao planejarem e desenvolverem uma situação didática que envolveu um conteúdo ainda não abordado intencionalmente com eles em situações de formação. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi interpretar o diálogo entre a aprendizagem do professor e suas decisões didáticas a partir das possibilidades geradas pelas novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs) como instrumento de ensino e de aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita e de investigação didática, bem como, a edição de texto publicitário em situações didáticas – prática e gênero pouco explorados na escola. Este estudo exploratório-descritivo e transversal analisou e interpretou as questões propostas por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa dos dados que conduziu à construção de categorias também qualitativas. Esta investigação abordou a história da edição de textos no bojo da cultura escrita expressa nas práticas sociais e na didática e as investigações didáticas e psicolinguísticas de base construtivista. É possível inferir que, no processo de transposição didática, os professores utilizam procedimentos que conhecem para ensinar conteúdos de diferente natureza, quando se trata de um conteúdo ainda não abordado em situação de formação. Foi possível observar que, ao transformar um saber próprio em saber didático, as distorções tanto do objeto conhecido, ou a ensinar, quanto das didáticas específicas, nesse caso, didática da língua escrita, interferem e são apropriadas na construção desse saber – tornando mais complexa a compreensão da transposição didática - fato que pode ajudar na elaboração ou reelaboração das propostas de formação de professores.
LEGALITY OF CONTRACT IN ISLAMIC LAW PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Wahab Fatkhul
Published: November 2022

In the concept of Islamic economics, the position of the contract is very urgent in determining the legality of a transaction, both in the view of humans as the perpetrators of the contract and in the view of Islamic law which regulates human interactions and transactions in all its forms. The contract in this transaction can be in the form of a tabarru contract which aims to help each other among humans or a profit-oriented tijarah contract. Islamic law strongly emphasizes this legality so that there is no disappointment for either of the two parties who make transactions due to defects in Islamic law, either intentionally or unintentionally. The legality of the contract in this transaction must meet the elements consisting of the subject of the contract, the object of the contract, and the sighat of the contract with each of the conditions set by Islamic law.
The The Effect of Cash on Delivery, Online Consumer Rating and Reviews on the Online Product Purchase Decisions
Authors: Hajati Dayat Ikhsan
Published: November 2022

Abstract– The aims of the study were to analyze the factors that influence the online purchase decision, such as cash on delivery service, consumer online rating, and review. This study took 100 samples by using the accidental sampling technique. The data analysis technique used in this study was descriptive statistical analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The study results showed that 1) there was a significant and positive effect of cash on delivery service on the online purchase decision partially, 2) consumer online rating and review had a significant and positive effect on the online purchase decision partially, 3) there was the significant and positive effect of cash on delivery service, consumer online rating, and review on the online purchase decision simultaneously.
The Meaning and Classification of Financial and Administrative Deviations according to the Thought of CSR: An Initiative to Promote Contemporary Internal Auditing Idea
Authors: Saleh Younis A. Battal
Published: November 2022

Abstract -- This theoretical study aims to classify administrative and financial deviations in accordance with the content of the idea of CSR.. The approach used in this study is creative; creative thinking is the ability to generate a new and useful idea that has not been touched before; a skill that enables you to create original, unique, and unconventional ideas. The researcher adopted the idea of classification based on affiliation. Commitment to CSR is essentially a commitment to the four responsibilities ″economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic.″ Also, administrative and financial deviations are violations that can be classified within one of the following areas: economic, legal, ethical, or philanthropic, if the reluctance to do charitable work is considered a deviation. Therefore, any administrative or financial deviations can be attributed to one of those responsibilities. More profoundly and extensively, this study was able to classify administrative and financial deviations according to the thought of CSR into four categories: Deviation from economic responsibility; deviation from legal responsibility; deviation from ethical responsibility; deviation from philanthropic responsibility. Classifying administrative and financial deviations according to the thought of CSR is to enrich and enhance the idea of contemporary internal auditing- which has become concerned with matters of CSR. According to the modern perception regarding internal audit functions, the internal audit department in any organization can adopt and use this classification, whether in the field of ensuring CSR reports, monitoring and evaluating CSR, or reporting on CSR. Adopting this classification will help internal audit departments accomplish their tasks in the field of CSR in a more accurate and objective manner.
Pengaruh Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Seksi Pembuatan Pelat Cetak & Rol (Studi Kasus Pada PT. XYZ)
Authors: Prasetyo Mukti Dwi , Hersona Sonny , Supriyadi Didit
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine the level of work stress (X) and employee performance (Y) in the Printing Plate Making & Roll Section (Case Study at PT. XYZ), and to see the  effect of work stress on employee performance in the Printing Plate Making and Roll Section Section (PPCR Section). ). The method of this research is quantitative descriptive analysis where the sampling method uses the saturated sample method, namely by directly selecting all 33 employees of the PPCR Section. Meanwhile, the data collection method used is by using a questionnaire (survey) to the employees of PPCR Section. The method used to process and analyze the data is validity test, reliability test, descriptive analysis, quantitative analysis (simple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing (T test). PPCR Section is categorized as high with a value of 3,459 and the level of employee performance is categorized as very high with a value of 4,222. Meanwhile, according to the hypothesis test, it is stated that work stress has no significant effect on employee performance in the PPCR Section with a simple linear regression equation y=27,860+(0,076)x.

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat stres kerja (X) dan kinerja karyawan (Y) Seksi  Pembuatan Pelat Cetak & Rol (Studi Kasus Pada PT. XYZ), dan melihat pengaruh stres kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan Seksi Pembuatan Pelat Cetak & Rol (PPCR). Metode Penelitian ini adalah Analisis Deskriptif Kuantitatif dimana Penarikan sampel menggunakan metode sampel jenuh yaitu dengan memilih langsung semua karyawan Seksi Pembuatan Pelat Cetak dan Rol sebanyak 33 orang. Sedangkan metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan ialah dengan menggunakan Kuisioner (Survei) kepada karyawan produksi Seksi Pembuatan Pelat & Rol. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengolah dan menganalisis data adalah uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, analisis deskriptif, analisis kuantitatif (analisis regresi linier sederhana, dan pengujian hipotesis (Uji t). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat stres kerja karyawan Seksi PPCR dikategorikan tinggi dengan nilai 3,459 dan tingkat kinerja karyawannya mendapat kategori sangat tinggi dengan nilai 4,222. Sedangkan sesuai uji hipotesis dinyatakan bahwa stres kerja tidak berpengaruh significant terhadap kinerja karyawan Seksi PPCR dengan persamaan regresi linear sederhananya  y=27,860+(0,076)x.
Analisis SWOT Sebagai Strategi Meningkatkan Daya Saing Perusahaan
Authors: Tasdik Cendria Tj.
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine how the SWOT analysis as a planning strategy and to find out the obstacles in PT. Regional Development Bank Banten, Tbk. The research method used is descriptive quantitative method. The SWOT analysis used is descriptive analysis method, SWOT matrix and SWOT diagram analysis. Data collection techniques in this study were interviews, questionnaires and literature. The results of this study are SWOT analysis as a strategy to increase competitiveness needs to be evaluated again, so that the formation of good performance from within and from outside PT. Regional Development Bank Banten, Tbk in advancing the bank throughout Banten Province.

 

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana analisis SWOT sebagai strategi perencanaan serta untuk mengetahui hambatannya pada PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah Banten, Tbk. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Analisis SWOT yang digunakan adalah metode analisis deskriptif, Matrik SWOT dan analisis diagram SWOT. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, kuesioner dan kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah analisis SWOT sebagai strategi meningkatkan daya saing perlu dievaluasi lagi, agar terbentuknya kinerja yang baik dari dalam maupun dari luar PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah Banten, Tbk dalam memajukan bank tersebut diseluruh Provinsi Banten.
Pengaruh Dana Pihak Ketiga Terhadap Laba Pada Bank BNI Syariah Periode 2011-2020
Authors: Kareem Eddo Mochammad , Supriyadi Didit , Suartini Sri
Published: November 2022

Bank BNI Syariah as a financial institution continues to strive to create profits from each of its customers' financial transactions. This study aims to find out how third party funds and profits and the effect of third party funds on BNI Syariah bank profits. This study uses a quantitative approach, using secondary data in the form of BNI Syariah financial statement data for the period 2011 to 2020. The third party fund variable is the independent variable while profit is the dependent variable. Data analysis used simple linear regression analysis method. The results showed that third party funds and profits of Bank BNI Syariah for the period 2011 - 2020 fluctuated. While the overall results of the research analysis show that third party funds have a significant effect on BNI Syariah profits by 25.50%. This is evidenced by the results obtained based on hypothesis testing with a significant level at = 0.05 with sig. 0.007 < 0.05. So that the third party funds variable that has increased will increase the profit of BNI Syariah banks.

 

Bank BNI Syariah sebagai lembaga keuangan terus berupaya menciptakan laba dari setiap transaksi keuangan nasabahnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana dana pihak ketiga dan laba serta pengaruh dana pihak ketiga terhadap laba bank BNI Syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan menggunakan data sekunder berupa data laporan keuangan BNI Syariah periode 2011 sampai 2020. Variabel dana pihak ketiga sebagai variabel bebas sedangkan laba sebagai variabel terikat. Analisis data menggunakan metode analisis regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dana pihak ketiga dan laba Bank BNI Syariah periode 2011 – 2020 mengalami fluktuatif. Sedangkan secara keseluruhan hasil analisis penelitian menunjukan bahwa dana pihak ketiga berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap laba BNI Syariah sebesar 25,50%. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil yang diperoleh berdasarkan pengujian hipotesis dengan tingkat signifikan pada α = 0,05 dengan sig. 0,007 < 0,05. Sehingga variabel dana pihak ketiga yang mengalami kenaikan akan meningkatkan laba bank BNI Syariah.
Delivery And Development Of Msmes For The Community In Sukarame Village During The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sugito Dian , Pusmawati Annisa Desta , Dewi Febrianti , Senoputri Nanda Purnamasari , Gusdinar Niar Putri , Nurpadila Nita
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Covid-19 affects various aspects of one of them is the economy. Therefore, to increase the economic income of the community developed MSMEs. This service aims to develop businesses that can improve the economy of the community in the pandemic era, through methods of mentoring the community in developing creative, innovative and modern businesses during the Covid-19 pandemic. This devotion is focused on food MSMEs in Kp. Ciperang and Kp. Segleng Sukarame Village, Leles District, Garut district which is one of the businesses by utilizing abundant raw materials such as cassava.

 

Abstrak

Covid-19 berpengaruh terhadap berbagai aspek salah satunya adalah perekonomian. Oleh karena itu untuk meningkatkan pendapatan ekonomi masyarakat dikembangkanlah UMKM. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan usaha yang dapat meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat di era pandemi, melalui metode pendampingan terhadap masyarakat dalam mengembangkan usaha yang kreatif, inovatif serta modern dimasa pandemic Covid-19. Pengabdian ini difokuskan pada UMKM makanan di Kp. Ciperang dan Kp. Segleng Desa Sukarame Kecamatan Leles kabupaten Garut  yang merupakan salah satu usaha dengan memanfaatkan bahan baku yang melimpah yaitu singkong
Counseling of COVID-19 Prevention in The New Normal Era for Santriwati in MTs Idzhaarul-Haq
Authors: S Deden Winda , Fitri Ai , Nursyahidah Angrita , Kamilatunnisa Nurul , Finanda Vidya
Published: November 2022

Abstract : The widespread of coronavirus causes Indonesian and the world's society need to increase awareness about the importance of obeying the health protocol. Even though the new normal has been implemented in several areas, it does not mean the community is free from Covid-19. The purpose of this community service is to provide direction and counseling to prevent Covid-19 in the new normal era.  The implementation of community service was carried out at MTs Idzhaatul-Haq in Ancol village by directly giving material containing information about covid-19 and new normal directives, distributing masks, and handsanitizers to the students. From the implementation of this community service, masks and handsanitizers have been given which are directly used by the students.

 

Abstrak: Semakin meluasnya penyebaran virus corona menjadikan masyarakat Indonesia maupun dunia perlu untuk meningkatkan kesadaran tentang pentingnya menaati protokol kesehatan. Meskipun New Normal telah diberlakukan di beberapa daerah bukan berarti masyarakat telah terbebas dari Covid-19. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberikan pengarahan dan penyuluhan pencegahan covid-19 di era normal baru. Pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan di MTs Idzhaarul-haq kampung Ancol dengan cara memberikan materi berisi pemahaman dan informasi mengenai covid-19 dan arahan new normal secara langsung, pembagian masker, dan pemberian handsanitizer. Dari pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat ini telah diberikan secara nyata masker dan handsanitizer yang langsung digunakan oleh para santriwati.
Efeito do processamento na composição centesimal e de bioativos de batata-doce ‘Beauregard’ e de seus derivados
Authors: Silva Felipe Sousa da , Amaral Sheyla Maria Barreto , Freitas Raimunda Valdenice Da Silva , Souza Maria Jéssica De Almeida , Mendes Luana Guabiraba , Milhome Maria Aparecida Liberato , Farias Virna Luiza de
Published: November 2022

A ‘Beauregard’ é uma cultivar de batata-doce que tem sido amplamente estudada como método de biofortificação de alimentos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a composição centesimal, os compostos bioativos e a atividade antioxidante dessa variedade de batata e dos seus derivados (farinha e bolo). As amostras foram submetidas a análises de umidade, cinzas, lipídios, proteínas, carboidratos, carotenoides, polifenóis e atividade antioxidante. O aquecimento para elaboração da farinha promoveu perdas de carotenoides e de polifenóis; entretanto, a ingestão da farinha (190,03 μg/g carotenoides e 23,21 mg/g polifenóis) garante maior aporte desses compostos bioativos em comparação com a batata in natura (69,30 μg/g carotenoides e 10,87 mg/g polifenóis). A farinha da batata ‘Beuaregard’ é uma alternativa viável para incorporação em bolos, aumentando os teores de minerais, carboidratos, carotenoides, polifenóis, bem como a atividade antioxidante. Além disso, a incorporação permite ingerir menos de 50 g de farinha e 60 g de bolo F1, que correspondem a uma porção, para atingir a ingestão diária recomendada de vitamina A.
Agricultura urbana: segurança alimentar e a construção de uma paisagem urbana includente na região sul de Curitiba, PR
Authors: Yonegura Valéria Borges , Silva Henrique Manoel da
Published: November 2022

A agricultura urbana (AU) é um fenômeno caracterizado pela produção agrícola no perímetro urbano, tanto para fins alimentícios de subsistência quanto para geração de renda, e seus benefícios excedem os relacionados à segurança alimentar e nutricional (SAN), quando usada como ferramenta de planejamento urbano. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar as transformações causadas pela AU, com ênfase em dois bairros da região sul de Curitiba, PR. Observaram-se o aumento da qualidade de vida, a melhoria estética na paisagem, o aumento da sensação de segurança e inclusão, e o sentimento de topofilia da comunidade local, conhecida pelo estigma de violência e pobreza. A AU é utilizada no city marketing da cidade, e parte de sua continuidade está ameaçada pelo possível fim da parceria com a concessionária de energia elétrica e pela pressão do mercado imobiliário; porém, há uma conformidade entre a AU curitibana e o conceito sustentável Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes (CPULs), potencializando o poder da AU. Grande parte dos resultados deste artigo foram obtidos durante uma pesquisa de mestrado, e a continuidade da pesquisa foi possível mesmo à distância, por meio do acompanhamento de notícias nas mídias, contatos com lideranças envolvidas e novas leituras.
Consumo alimentar na primeira infância: contribuição para os estudos de vigilância alimentar e nutricional
Authors: Della Torre Ana Clara , Marques Débora Vasconcelos Bastos , Nogueira Denismar Alves , De Brito Tábatta Renata Pereira , Lima Daniela Braga
Published: November 2022

Adequate nutrition in childhood contributes to the establishment of healthy eating habits that will be reflected, not only in the short term, but also in adulthood. The objective was to characterize food consumption and identify factors associated with the inadequate nutritional status of children under two years of age. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with a sample of 344 infants under two years of age and their respective mothers, followed up in Family Health Units. Sociodemographic and anthropometric variables of mothers and infants and the food consumption of these children were assessed using a structured questionnaire. The strength of association between the dependent and the independent variables was assessed by the odds ratio, both in the univariate and in the multiple analysis, with a significance level of 5%. After adjusting for confounding variables, gestational anemia [OR: 3.58 CI: 1.46-8.77] and maternal work [OR: 0.38, CI: 0.18-0.80] remained associated with inadequate nutritional status. It is necessary to implement more effective programs for family counseling, reinforcing the importance of breastfeeding and the correct inclusion of complementary feeding.
Psychometric validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Body Image Scale – HIV for people living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Henrique Martins Walter , Alberto Martins Marcos , Vilhena Pereira Filho Gerson , Vivivani de Oliveira Pessoa Karina , Nogueira Neves Angela , Carlos de Abreu Luiz
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Body Image can be defined as the mental representation of body identity. The surroundings, the gaze of the other, they emotions, they integrity, and our own fragility are elements of this representation. The social stigma caused by body changes in people living with HIV / AIDS may be more intense than the fear of death itself, being important to assess the impact of these changes in the course of treatment.
Objective: To perform the psychometric validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Body Image Scale - HIV for a sample of Brazilians, of both sexes, living with HIV / AIDS.
Methods: The total of 1050 patients were recruited from the São Bernardo do Campo HIV/AIDS program, aged between 18 and 78 years. Confirmatory factor analysis using the Unweighted Least Square and listwise deletion was used to determine the adherence of the data to the models tested.
Results: Adequate coefficients of internal reliability and evidence of construct validity were established for the Brazilian version of BIS-HIV in the unifactorial model.
Conclusion:This scale, with evidenced psychometric qualities, provides a useful tool for quantitative investigations of body image in people with HIV/AIDS in the Brazilian context and extends the possibility of future cross-cultural research.
Body fat estimated by equations based on anthropometric parameters correlates with bioelectrical impedance in patients undergoing bariatric surgery
Authors: Motta de Bortoli Amanda , Bobbio de Brito Beatriz , Lucas Vasconcelos Neves Luís , Lucio de Almeida Ricardo , Dos Santos Leandro , Garrone Barauna Valério , Kenji Haraguchi Fabiano
Published: November 2022

Introduction: predictive equations to estimate body fat based on simple anthropometric parameters are easy to use in the clinical practice.
Objective: to evaluate the relationship between predictive equations based on anthropometric parameters and bioelectrical impedance to estimate body fat in individuals undergoing bariatric surgery.
Methods: a prospective and longitudinal study carried out with individuals undergoing bariatric surgery. Body weight, body mass index, waist circumference and body fat percentage estimated by anthropometric parameters and by impedance were evaluated at three moments, one month before, two and six months after surgery. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA for repeated measures with Holm-Sidak´s post hoc or Friedman test with Tukey´s post hoc, and Pearson or Spearman correlations, according to data distribution. Significance level adopted 5%.
Results: twenty-five subjects composed the final sample. All anthropometric parameters reduced significantly over time (p<0.001). Except for Lean et al equation before surgery, the body fat percentage estimated by other formulas showed a strong correlation with impedance in all moments, with the highest correlation strength observed in Gómez-Ambrosi et al. equation.
Conclusion: in the present study, the equations used showed a good correlation with bioelectrical impedance, and the Gómez-Ambrosi et al. equation as a better option to the use of bioimpedance to assess changes in body fat percentage of patients undergoing bariatric surgery for the treatment of severe obesity.
Sexual violence during pregnancy: cross-sectional study with women in puerperium
Authors: Pércia Namé de Souza Franco Mariana , Diniz e Silva  Fernanda , Luíza de Oliveira Assis Ana , Aparecida dos Santos Traverzim Maria , Fracalossi Frigini Heloisa , Drezett Jefferson
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Sexual violence during pregnancy is a serious violation of human rights and reproductive rights. Its prevalence is variable and multifactorial, depending on the analyzed territory and sociocultural and economic factors, requiring permanent monitoring.
Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at the Mandaqui Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil. The Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) was applied to 350 puerperium women, with the outcome of suffering or not sexual violence during pregnancy, with data collected between September and December 2021. Sociodemographic and reproductive data were considered. We used an urn technique, with pre-coded data analyzed in EpiInfo® by Pearson's Chi-square and Mann Whitney test, adopting p<0.05 and 95% CI. Research approved by the Research Ethics Committee, CAAE No. 50580421.5.0000.5551.
Results: We found eight cases of sexual violence (2.3%) and sample loss of 18.9%. Women who suffered sexual violence reported more physical violence in the last 12 months (25.0% x 6.1% - p=0.033, OR/CI 0.19: 0.03-1.03) and fear of the most frequent intimate partner (25.0% x 3.5% - p=0.002, OR/CI 0.10: 0.01-0.59), but we did not find a difference in the history of suffering violence before the age of 15 and by the partner throughout life. There was no difference in age, schooling, race/color, union, income and work. The same occurred for reproductive aspects, with no difference regarding the occurrence of prematurity, high-risk pregnancy, reproductive planning and tobacco/alcohol use during pregnancy.
Conclusion: The prevalence of sexual violence during pregnancy was lower than in other Brazilian studies and populations from other countries. Women with sexual violence during pregnancy face a daily life of fear and more frequent physical violence. The high history of suffering violence before the age of 15 and experiencing physical or emotional violence by the intimate partner can aggravate the situation. The high history of violence and fear of the partner may have contributed to eventual understatement.
Molecular study of Babesia spp and Theileria spp in camels of Al- Diwaniyah province in Iraq
Authors: Al-Naily Zainab  Hussain Chyad , Jasim Ghaidaa Abbas
Published: November 2022

Because of the economic importance of the camels and the scarcity of studies related to it in Iraq, our study aimed to investigate Babesia spp and Theileria spp by molecular methods. The current  study was conducted during the period from September 2017 to March 2018 and collected 200 random blood samples  from camels included (125 females and 75 males and two groups of ages )150(>1 years) and 50)<1year (  some of them appear on  it clinical signs and some  did not show any symptoms from the slaughterhouse of Al- Diwaniya province. This study was designed to diagnose these parasites firstly  by microscopic examination by Geimesa stain method .The results each of (106/200)(53%) Babesia spp and (93/200)(46.5%) Theileria spp. The prevalence of Babesiosis in the female (76/125)(60.8%) more than in the males (30/75)(40%) and in different ages. Theileriosis also recorded the prevalence in  female (69/125)(55.2%) and in males (24/75)(32%) and in different ages. The highest incidence in months (September, October and March) (88.3%, 96.2% and 75%), respectively, according to the study time. recorded mix infection 19(23.75%) between Babesia &Theileria then diagnosis 90 blood samples positive microscopically using molecular techniques, which included (conventional PCR monoplex and multiplex) 16 (17.77%), 9(10%), 8(8.9%) and 11(12.22) Theileria spp , Theileria annulata, Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina  respectively .
Effect of some physiological and environmental factors in milk quality of Awassi ewes
Authors: AL–Khuzai Hamza Mizail
Published: November 2022

The present study was carried out at the experimental animal farm , college of Agriculture , Kufa University by using data collected for 80 Awassi ewes in different age and lactation stage in the period of 2009 to 2013 to determine the effect of dam age and parity, lactation stage , type and sex of birth and year of birth in milk protein , fat , lactose ash and PH. Results was showed a significant effect(p≤ 0.05 ) of lactation stage in protein fat and ash , the highest values were in late period of lactation (6.92,6.27and1.51)% respectively. The highest value of lactose was in early lactation (4.38)% .The highest values were found in 4th parity (6.99 , 6.31 and 1.48 )% respectively. Dam age effect significantly (p≤ 0.05 ) in milk fat , the highest value was in older dams compared with younger dams (6.37 and 5.14) % respectively. Single birth gave a significant increase (p≤ 0.05 ) in milk protein and fat (6.94 and 6.09)% respectively. Females birth gave a significant increase in milk protein , fat and ash ( 6.77, 5.92 and 1.17) respectively. Significant effect (p≤ 0.05 ) of year of birth in milk protein ,fat and ash, the highest values were found in 2010 (6.75, 6.20 and1.11)% respectively. Milk PH was not affected significantly by all factors.
Cryptosporidiosis in Cattle and Sheep in Duhok City / Kurdistan Region / Iraq
Authors: Al- Saeed Adel T. M. , Abdo Jasim M. , Al-Simaani Ruwaed G. G.
Published: November 2022

The study was performed to detect cryptosporidiosis in animals in Duhok city /Kurdistan region of Iraq by examining 348 fecal samples of cattle and 280 of sheep using Modified Ziehl Neelsen Method (MZNM) to detect the oocysts of Cryptosporidium. A total of 233 fecal samples (129 cattle, 104 sheep) were randomly chosen to detect coproantigen of Cryptosporidium by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).

By MZNM, the total rate of cryptosporidiosis was 26.15% , 11.07% in cattle and sheep respectively. The infection rates were 28.99%, 24.29% in diarrheic and non-diarrheic groups of cattle respectively. While in sheep; the infection rates were 23.26% and 5.67% in diarrheic and non-diarrheic groups, respectively.

Out of 129 fecal samples of cattle, 31(24.03%), and 37 (28.68%) were positive by MZNM, and ELISA respectively. A total of 104 fecal samples of sheep, 23(22.12%), and 24(23.08%) were positive by MZNM, and ELISA, respectively.

The highest infection rate by MZNM, and ELISA was among the age group 1-2 months in diarrheic cattle and sheep, while in non-diarrheic cattle and sheep, it was among 3-6 months age group.

This study indicated that infection was associated with diarrhea in all ages and it decreased with increasing of age.
The Effect of Growth Condition on SAP10 Gene Expression in Genotype A Candida albicans
Authors: Rahim Inas Q. , Samaka Hayder M.
Published: November 2022

There are a limited data regarding to the role of the growth conditions on pathogenicity process of Candida albicans and if the host play a role in augmenting the virulence of this microorganism, this study focusing on the effect of environmental growth conditions of genotype A Candida albicans on SAP10 gene expression as one of the Secreted Aspartyl Proteinase super family genes that play a main role in Candida albicans pathogenicity process.

Ten pathogenic strains of Candida albicans obtained from clinical cases were included in this study, genotyped according to 25s rDNA and grown on two different condition using RPMI1640 medium at for mimic host condition (under controlled condition in vitro) and also grown on Sabauroud Dextrose agar at 25 as in vitro condition, total RNA were extracted from each condition and evaluated using Pfaffle's equation.

The results of this study exhibit that all tested isolates classified under genotype (A) Candida albicans with 450pb PCR product size of 25s rDNA, while SAP 10 gene expression data indicate that no significant expression pattern related to the different growth conditions and the expressions are related to the tested strains and no relation between Candida albicans growth conditions, strain genotype and SAP10 gene expression is approved in this study.
Effect of Silymarin on Oxidative Stress Biomarker, Lipid Peroxidation and Reproductive Function of Diabetic Albino Rats
Authors: Abed Nabeel Mahdi , Hamza Fouad Zaidan , Nuhair Rasha Salih
Published: November 2022

The present study was carried out in the animal house and laboratories of the College of Veterinary Medicine/ University of Basrah to investigate the oral administration of silymarin on oxidative stress biomarker, lipid peroxidation and reproductive function in alloxan induced diabetic of albino rats. After the period of acclimation, 32 male rats were divided into 4 equal groups with 8 animals in each as the following: Control group: Animals of this group administered distilled water, Silymarin group: administered silymarin (20mg/kg) dissolved in distill water orally by gavages. Alloxan treated (DM) group : were given alloxan intraperitoneal injection 150mg/BW, as single dose for induced diabetic mellitus and Alloxan + silmarin treated group : were injection alloxan intraperitonealy and then after 3 days, oral administered of (20 mg/kg bw ) silymarin . The experimental was continued for 45 day. At the end of the experiment, animals of each group were sacrificed, and blood samples were obtained for oxidative stress biomarker, Lipid Peroxidation and hormonal assessment and the caudal epididymis was then separated from the testicles for the evaluation of epididymal sperm characteristics, while the testes were kept in 10% neutral buffer-formalin for histopathological study. The results showed a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) , Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) , follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone, concentrations of DM group. On the other hand a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in epididymal sperm concentration, individual sperm motility, live sperm percentage and a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and sperm abnormalities percentage were recorded in DM group. Histopathological examination of the testes revealed marked suppression of spermatogenesis with absence of mature spermatocytes of DM group. Moreover DM groups treated with Silymarine showed normal oxidative biomarkers, hormonal concentration, epididymal sperm characteristics, and normal testicular tissues compare with control group.
Detection of the role of voltage-gated sodium channels in the mechanism of anticonvulsant action of Gabapentin in chicks (in-vivo)
Authors: Al-Shalchi Rawnaq Faris , Shindala Mohammed Khalid
Published: November 2022

Background:Because of the fact that the mechanism of anticonvulsant action of Gabapentin is not yet clear, so the aim of our present study was to determine whether the voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) may be correlate with its mechanism. To achieve this goal, Cypermethrin was chosen as a (convulsion inducer) resulting from its prolongs the opening of (VGSC) in order to interfere with Gabapentin .

Method:The experiment animals were divided into four groups. The first group was treated with a single dose of Cypermethrin (1000 mg / kg, orally), while the second and third group were treated with a single dose of Gabapentin (100 mg / kg, orally)15 or 30 minutes before the Cypermethrin treatment respectively. The fourth group was treated with Gabapentin alone in a dose of (100 mg / kg, orally) .After the end of treatment of the chicks were transferred to the cages to be monitored individually and recorded percentages of appearance of nervous signs and the percentage of each mortality and protection against mortality.

Results: Chicks treated with Cypermethrin alone (1000 mg / kg, orally)showed nervous signs which included the jerking movements of the leg and wings (clonic convulsion) and whole body tremors accompanied with opisthotonos at percentages (80%, 100%,60%) respectively that end with death at (100%) , but the pretreatment of chicks with Gabapentin (100 mg / kg, orally) resulted in time-dependent protection against Cypermethrin-induced nervous signs and mortality,which representing by significantly decrease in the percentage of each clonic convulsion,whole body tremors and mortality to (0%, 20% and 20%) respectively and accompanied by significant increase the percentage of protection of chicks against mortality to (80%) in the group that pretreatment with Gabapentin 30 minute before administration of Cypermethrin compared with control group (Cypermethrin alone).

We conclude from our results that recorded for the first time the Gabapentin provided protection to chicks against Cypermethrin-induced nervous signs and mortality , this result may be related to effect of Gabapentin on (VGSC). Thus, the currently study will open the way to use Cypermethrin as a model in scientific research that detect the mechanisms of action of anticonvulsant drugs .
Role of N-acetyl cysteine and gallic acid or their combination in Some criteria related to hepatic damage in sodium fluoride treated rats
Authors: Jaddoua Haneen B. , Khudair Khalisa K.
Published: November 2022

This study was designed to investigate the ameliorative role of gallic acid (GA) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in reducing deleterious effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) such as, oxidative stress and hepatic dysfunction in adult male rats. Thirty adult male rats were randomly and equally divided into five groups, they were handled daily for 60 days, as follows: Control group (C), received tap water only, Sodium fluoride group (T1), received 100ppm of NaF in drinking tap water, gallic acid group (T2), rats in this group were injected intraperitoneal (i/p) 150 mg/kg/day/ of GA, N-acetylcysteine group (T3), animals in this group were administrated orally 25 mg/kg/day/of NAC, while the combination of GA and NAC were given to NaF treated group(T4) in the same previous mentioned doses and method of administration. Fasting blood sample were collected at the beginning and the end of the experiment and serum were collected for estimation of hepatic enzymes concentration and antioxidant status. After animal scarifying, samples from hepatic tissue were taken for measuring hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH)and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. The results showed that adminstration of NaF (T1group) caused hepatic damage manifested functionally by: significant increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations, a case of oxidative stress as explained by depression in (GSH) and elevation in MDA concentration in serum and hepatic tissue. The current result also recorded that i/p injection of GA oral administration of NAC alone or in combination with NaF caused amelioration of all previously estimated parameters.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL TENTANG FAKTOR RESIKO ASFIKSIA PADA NEOANTUS DENGAN PERENCANAAN RUJUKAN PERSALINAN
Authors: Anita Wan , Nafratilova Lita , Pratiwi Ayu Sri , Susanti Susi , Septiani Devi
Published: November 2022

Asphyxia is a condition in which the baby cannot breathe, thus reducing O2 and increasing CO2 which is bad. Risk factors for the incidence of asphyxia are maternal factors such as his disorder, presence of antepartum bleeding, maternal age less than 20 years or more than 35 years, primiparous and grande multiparous, low socioeconomic, preeclampsia and his disorders. Infant factors, namely respiratory depression due to anesthesia or analgesic drugs given to the mother, intracranial bleeding, congenital abnormalities, premature, postmature, location abnormalities, twins, shoulder dystocia, vacuum extraction, forceps, amniotic fluid mixed with meconium. Placental factors include umbilical cord twisting, short umbilical cord, umbilical cord knot, and umbilical cord prolapse. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge of pregnant women about risk factors for newborn asphyxia with delivery referral planning. This type of research is quantitative analytic with a cross sectional research design. This research was conducted at Puskesmas RI Sidomulyo with a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The results showed a relationship between mother's knowledge of risk factors for newborn asphyxia and delivery referral planning with p value = 0.007. This study is expected for midwives in providing midwifery services to pregnant women to provide knowledge about the risk factors for newborn asphyxia so that pregnant women can make a labor referral plan if during the delivery process they experience the risk of newborn asphyxia and the knowledge of pregnant women about risk factors for infant asphyxia. newborns so that they can plan a delivery referral if an emergency case is found in a newborn.
RESEARCH OF TRAFFIC TRANSMISSION IN A SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORK USING CISCO PACKET TRACER
Authors: Никишин К.И.
Published: November 2022

Распределенные компьютерные сети упрощают архитектуру сети и администрирование сети, повышая ее отказоустойчивость и возможность процесса резервного копирования. К такому типу сети относится программно-конфигурируемая сеть (ПКС). ПКС является перспективной и востребованной технологией передачи разнородного трафика, при котором для его направления в сети и взаимодействия с базовой аппаратной инфраструктурой используются контроллеры на базе ПО или API-интерфейсы. Цель - исследовать ПКС с помощью имитационного моделирования через специализированные сетевые программы для оценки передачи трафика в сети, пропускной способности и задержки передачи. Описана некоторая часть передачи трафика в ПКС с помощью аппарата сетей Петри пакета CPN Tools. Проведено имитационное моделирование в программе Cisco packet tracer. Была разработана и исследована сеть ПКС с одиночным контроллером в Cisco packet tracer. Описаны особенности конфигурирования сети, формирования IP-адресов, масок и шлюзов. Исследовано перемещение трафика в ПКС, оценены быстродействие пакетов в сети и доля потери пакетов, а также корректность работы оборудования в сети. В разработанной модели Cisco packet tracer представлены диаграммы состояния хостов и сетевых устройств (коммутаторы, маршрутизаторы), показано количество отправленных команд ping к хостам и процент дошедших до них пакетов, для сетевых устройств - процент состояния управления ими

Distributed computer networks simplify the network architecture and network administration, increase network fault tolerance and the possibility of a backup process. This type of network includes a software defined network (SDN). SDN is a promising and in-demand technology for the transmission of heterogeneous traffic, in which software-based controllers or APIs are used to direct it to the network and interact with the underlying hardware infrastructure. The goal is research SDN using simulation modeling through specialized network programs to assess the transmission of traffic in the network, bandwidth and latency. Some part of the traffic transfer to the SDN using the device of the CPN Tools package Petri nets is described. Simulation modeling was carried out in the Cisco packet tracer program. A network of SDN with a single controller in Cisco packet tracer was developed and investigated. The features of network configuration, formation of IP addresses, masks and gateways are described. The movement of traffic to the PC was investigated, the speed of packets in the network and the proportion of packet loss, as well as the correctness of the operation of equipment in the network were evaluated. The developed Cisco packet tracer model presents diagrams of the status of hosts and network devices (switches, routers), shows the number of ping commands sent to hosts and the percentage of packets that reached them, for network devices - the percentage of their management status