bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Defesa da Infraestrutura de Cabos Submarinos por uma interface entre a Defesa Cibernética e a Segurança Marítima no Brasil
Authors: Perin Vichi Leonardo , Jacon Ayres Pinto Danielle , Nery de Sá André Luiz
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a importância de se pensar em políticas de segurança para a infraestrutura de cabos submarinos utilizada pelo Brasil, tendo em vista que nessa tecnologia reside grande parte da capacidade de comunicação do país com outros atores globais, formando um extenso hub, cuja relevância se protrai, em especial, para todas as cadeias econômicas, sociais e políticas nacionais. Foram analisados a dimensão do uso dos cabos submarinos no Brasil, o quantitativo de empresas que operam essas infraestruturas no país e os tipos de ameaças capazes de causar danos aos cabos submarinos. Na sequência, foi abordada a necessidade da interação entre as instituições públicas e privadas para o sucesso dos mecanismos da defesa dessa infraestrutura de comunicação. O fato de o fluxo mundial de informações depender dos cabos submarinos, somado à característica multi-domínio do ciberespaço, apontam para a correlação entre defesa cibernética e segurança marítima. A análise indica a necessidade de ampliar os estudos e a discussão sobre o tema no meio acadêmico, nas forças armadas e nas diversas instâncias do governo brasileiro, a fim de assegurar a proteção dessas infraestruturas, garantindo, assim, a integridade, confiabilidade e disponibilidade do fluxo de informação entre o Brasil e o mundo.
A mudanças na indústria marítima e o desenvolvimento tecnológico
Authors: Godoy Junior Ederaldo , Barbosa da Silva Filho José , Gonçalves de Lima Andre
Published: January 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é discorrer os desafios presentes dentro da indústria marítima a partir de 2020, como uma oportunidade para expandir o desenvolvimento tecnológico, bem como quais ações e medidas podem ser adotadas para conciliar os desafios do almejado controle ambiental atrelado à alta eficiência das atividades desempenhadas por essa indústria. Os métodos utilizados foram pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter qualitativo com uma abordagem exploratória. Os resultados relatados permitem concluir que a conciliação de tecnologias, junto a revisão por parte da IMO e esforços envidados às instalações portuárias para o controle de emissão de poluentes são as melhores linhas de ação a serem tomadas para conciliar as divergências presentes no cenário atual combinado ao controle ambiental.
A Review of Health Promotion Practices Among Physiotherapists In Africa
Authors:   University of Zambia, Musonda Nepha , Simpamba Micah Mutuna ,   The University of Zambia
Published: January 2021

Background:Physiotherapists are better placed to spearhead health promoting activities by encouraging health enhancing lifestyles as part of their practice. This study reviews health promotion practices of Physiotherapists in African countries in order to identify gaps and make recommendations to improve the health promotion practices. Methods:This narrative review was developed from a literature review of previous studies on health promotion practices among physiotherapists in Africa, which were published in English from the years 2010-2020, retrieved from Google Scholar and PubMed. Only articles that focused on health promotion, physical activity, practices, Physiotherapy and Africa were included.Results:Nine (9) studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Five (5) studies were from Nigeria while one study each from Rwanda, South Africa, Ghana and Ethiopia. Most studies reviewed used quantitative cross-sectional surveys. The focus of these studies were mainly exploring Physiotherapists’ knowledge, attitude and practices towards health promotion and physical activity promotion. Others looked at Physiotherapy practices with regards to counseling, risk factor assessment and interventions as well as perceived barriers and educational needs. Conclusion: It is evident that there is little research done on health promotion practices among Physiotherapists in African countries. There is need to conduct more studies in this area in order to identify the challenges and improve the health promotion practices among Physiotherapy practitioners in the region.
Ennius o ‘manum conserere’ według ‘Noctes Atticae’ Aulusa Gelliusa
Authors: Zabłocki Jan
Published: January 2021

Pewne wyrażenia prawne, znane niegdyś ogólnie, z czasem stają się niezrozumiałe. Ciekawym przykładem tego jest sformułowanie ex iure manum consertum omawiane przez antykwarystę. Aulus Gellius zapytał Sulpiciusa Apollinarisa słynnego  wówczas znawcę literatury co oznaczają słowa ex iure manum consertum. Ten w odrzekł mu, że jest znawcą literatury a nie prawa, a tego sformułowania nie ma na kartach Annales. Kiedy jednak Gellius wyrecytował tę frazę z dzieła  Enniusa, Supicius Apollinaris skonstatował, że Ennnius zaczerpnął je od jakiegoś jurysty i odesłał Gelliusa do jurystów i ich dzieł. Gellius po zbadaniu sprawy doszedł do wniosku, że, jeśli toczył się spór (in iure) o jakąś rzecz (de re) znajdującą się (in re praesenti) przed pretorem, czy to o grunt, czy o coś innego, trzymając tę rzecz w ręku (in iure manum consererent), dokonywano jej windykacji w uroczystych słowach. Z czasem, po rozszerzeniu granic państwa, pretorzy nadmiernie zajęci w sprawach dotyczących windykacji udawali się niechętnie daleko położonych spornych rzeczy. Zatem, za milczącym przyzwoleniem (tacito consensu), wbrew Ustawie XII Tablic zezwolili, aby toczący spór udawali się na grunt, o który toczył się spór, i przynosili grudkę jakąś z niego, jakby całą ziemię przed pretora na sąd (in ius) i przy pomocy tej grudki (ex iure manum consertum), tak jakby na całym gruncie dokonywali windykacji.
Jawność życia publicznego jako atrybut współczesnej administracji publicznej i prawa administracyjnego
Authors: Piskorz-Ryń Agnieszka
Published: January 2021

Artykuł ten prezentuje jawność życia publicznego jako atrybutu współczesnej administracji publicznej i współczesnego prawa administracyjnego. W artykule tym opisano korzenie jawności, tak by pokazać ją w szerszym kontekście rozwoju społecznego, politycznego i administracyjnego. W artykule przedstawiono okres monopolu informacyjnego państwa, wskazując jego cechy charakterystyczne. Na tym tle pokazano zmiany zachodzące w życiu społecznym, które doprowadziły do wprowadzenia do porządków prawnych różnych państw regulacje gwarantujące dostęp do informacji o działaniu władzy publicznej. Były one związane z działaniami dziennikarzy, prawników administratywistów, polityków, socjologów, którzy walczyli o jawne państwo, używając haseł i deklaracji jako skutecznego oręża. Następnie omówiono zmiany zachodzące w prawie administracyjnym i samej administracji publicznej. Na koniec przedstawiono przekształcenia zachodzące na początku XXI w. związane z rozwojem nowych technologii, przede wszystkim „rewolucji internetowej” oraz rozwojem serwisów sieciowych nowej generacji, opartych na zasadach Web 2.0.
Digesta seu Pandectae, tomus II, liber XVI-XXXV, fragmenta selecta. Digesta neboli Pandekty, svazek II, kniha XVI-XXXV, vybrané části”, red. Michal Skřejpek, Univerzita Karlova, Nakladatelství Karolinum, Praha 2019, ISBN 978-80-246-4332-8, ss. 748
Authors: Tarwacka Anna
Published: January 2021

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Nano Metal Based Herbal Theranostics for Cancer Management: Coalescing Nature’s Boon with Nanotechnological Advancement
Authors: Pandey Yogesh , Ambwani Sonu
Published: January 2021

Cancer is amongst the leading public health problems globally with continuously increasing prevalence rate that demands for extensive and expensive treatment. Despite availability of number of potential cancer therapies, inadequate success has been achieved due to complexity and heterogeneity of tumors. Moreover, late/ terminal stage cancer leads to multidrug resistance, excruciating side effects, recurrence, etc. This is because of low penetrability and deleterious effects of drug on non-target cells/ tissues. This requires for cost effective, efficacious, alternative/ adjunct, complementary medicines with targeted drug delivery approach. A potential strategy to resolve this difficulty is to use theranostics i.e., formulations having both a therapeutic element and an imaging agent. Phytotherapeutics have been extensively used since times immemorial, having wide acceptability, easy availability, minimal side effects and comparatively inexpensive. These herbal formulations are mostly orally administered and thus subjected to adverse pH, enzymatic degradation, poor gut absorption, low bioavailability and non-targeted delivery that ultimately lead to their poor effectiveness. Constraints associated with conventional phyto-pharmaceuticals can be improved by designing and using “Nano Delivery Systems” (NDS). The foremost aim of metal based NDS is to provide sustained drug release, site-specific action, improved patient’s compliance and enhanced efficacy. Metal Nanocarriers carrying herbal drugs will avoid these obstructions, so the drug can circulate into the blood for a longer period of time and provide optimal amount of the drug to the site of action. Besides, herbal drugs with NDS thus would be efficacious as alternative/ complementary cancer theranostics. Present review describes novel theranostic systems employing metal nanocarriers with diagnostic and therapeutic properties as an effective strategy for cancer treatment. These systems when conjugated with herbal drugs provide an efficient management strategy for cancer.
Radioactivity Measurements in Water: An Overview of the Actual Technologies
Authors: Caridi Francesco , Pappaterra Domenico , Belmusto Giovanna , D'Agostino Maurizio
Published: January 2021

Among the most significant matrices in the field of environmental radioactivity, water is
certainly included, being subject to monitoring and controls to safeguard the environment from possible
anthropogenic contamination. The presence of radionuclides in water also constitutes a health
risk to human, because its consumption increases the likelihood of incurring cancer.

In authors’ laboratory, different experimental techniques were employed to measure radioactivity
content of surface and drinking water, according to the Italian Legislation and to the Italian Institute
for the Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) guidelines. Gamma spectrometry was
employed to quantify the specific activity of gamma-emitters anthropogenic contaminants and natural
radionuclides; liquid scintillation counting (LSC), to measure the activity concentration of tritium,
radon and gross alpha and beta; total alpha/beta counting, with the thick source method, to detect
about gross alpha and beta specific activity; emanometry, to estimate gas radon activity concentration.
Ethnic Variance in Prevalence of COPD among Smokers in a Real World Setting
Authors: Aiyer Akshar , Surani Salim , Aguillar Raymond , Sharma Munish , Ali Mohammed , Varon Joseph
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent and progressive airflow limitation generally caused by prolonged cigarette smoking. Ethnic differences have been reported regarding COPD risk from smoking. The purpose of this study was to compare COPD prevalence in Hispanic and Caucasian smokers in a real-world setting. We studied consecutive patients referred to the community-based pulmonary practice. Hispanic and Caucasian smokers were included in the study.

Methods:

The clinical diagnosis of COPD was recorded from the chart. COPD was defined by PFT using GOLD criteria. Exclusion criteria were other ethnicities, non-smokers, and patients with a history of asthma /other pulmonary conditions. We reviewed a total of 1,313 consecutive PFTs of which 797 patients met our inclusion criteria.

Results and Discussion:

The prevalence of COPD among Hispanics was found to be lower by both clinical diagnosis as well as by spirometry compared to Caucasians (41.6% vs 54.2%). In Hispanics, clinical diagnosis was 91% higher by PFT, whereas for Caucasians, it was 6% lower. The odds of developing COPD (diagnosed based on FEV1/FVC ratio <70%) in the Caucasians are 4.1 times higher than Hispanics (Odds Ratio: 4.1; 95%CI: 2.8-5.9). Hispanic smokers have a lower prevalence of COPD both by the clinical diagnosis as well as by PFT. There is a significant disconnection between clinical and PFT diagnosis of COPD in Hispanic patients.

Conclusion:

The genetic basis of lower COPD risk and prevalence in Hispanics needs to be better understood. Spirometry threshold criteria for confirming a diagnosis of COPD may need to be modified based on ethnicity in clinical practice.
Efficacy and Safety of Biologic Agents in Chronic Urticaria, Asthma and Atopic Dermatitis – A Real-life Experience
Authors: Abuzakouk Mohamed , Ghorab Omar K.H.A. , Wahla Ali S. , Zoumot Zaid , Nasir Mohsen , Grandon Deepa , Uzbeck Mateen H. , Salvo Fulvio , Shafiq Irfan
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

Several biologic agents have been approved for the treatment of asthma, chronic urticaria and atopic dermatitis. These therapeutic agents are especially useful for patients with severe or refractory symptoms. We present the real-life experience of four of the commonly used biologic agents in the United Arab Emirates.

Methods:

In this retrospective observational study, we reviewed the demographic, clinical, laboratory and treatment parameters for all patients treated with biologic agents.

Results:

270 patients received biologics at our centre between May 2015 and December 2019 with a median age of 36.5 years. Omalizumab was the most prescribed agent (n=183, 67.8%) followed by dupilumab (n=54, 20%), benralizumab (n=22, 8.1%) and mepolizumab (n=11, 4.1%). Urticaria was the commonest treatment indication (n=148, 55%) followed by asthma (n=105, 39%) and atopic dermatitis (n=13, 5%). All chronic urticaria patients were treated with omalizumab and showed improvement in the mean urticaria control test score from 6.7±4.47 to 12.02±4.17, with a p-value of 0.001. Dupilumab was found to be the most commonly prescribed drug for asthma (37%), followed by omalizumab (32%), benralizumab (21%) and mepolizumab (10%). The mean Asthma control test score for all asthmatics combined increased from 17.06 ± 5.4 to 19.44 ± 5.6, with p-value 0.0012 with treatment; FeNO reduced from 60.02 ± 45.74 to 29.11 ± 27.92, with p-value 0.001 and mean FEV1 improved from 2.38L ± 0.8 to 2.67L ± 0.78, with p-value 0.045. Only 4 patients in the entire cohort reported adverse events.

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrated that biological agents are a safe and effective treatment for atopic asthma, chronic urticaria and atopic dermatitis.
Locally decentralised responses to the European recovery: exploring the role of the Euratom Treaty and the ESM
Authors: Masini Fabio , Iozzo Alfonso , Padoa-Schioppa Antonio
Published: January 2021

The pandemic stressed the key role of sustainable consumption and production patterns and highlighted the role of local systems as key actors of a recovery aiming at enhanced resilience to endogenous and exogenous shocks. Although the Recovery Plan marked a radical shift in the attitude of the EU towards crisis management and allowed for an unprecedented joint financial effort, it might not be enough for tackling the challenges ahead. In this paper we suggest that two instruments should be further explored for this purpose: the Euratom Treaty and the European Stability Mechanism.
Determination of the structure of the earth's crust by changing the velocity of seismic waves from the earthquake data
Authors: Shakhtarin B. I. , Aslanov T. G. , Magomedov H. D. , Tagirov H. Yu.
Published: January 2021

Objective. A study of the structure of the earth's crust by determining the velocities of seismic waves from previously broken sections of the earth's crust.

Methods. Two mathematical methods are proposed for determining the seismic wave velocities. The first is based on the weighted average method, and the second is based on the matrix method for solving systems of linear algebraic equations. The initial parameters used in the calculations are data from earthquakes that occurred – the coordinates of earthquake centers of origin and seismic sensors, as well as the travel times of seismic waves from the earthquake center of origin to the seismic sensors.

Results. The problem of determining the propagation velocity of seismic waves in different parts of the earth's crust is solved by two different methods. The distribution densities of errors in determining the seismic wave velocities are obtained for the weighted average method, in six different situations, for the distribution of seismic wave velocities on the ground, and the matrix method, in the case of distribution of seismic wave velocities on the ground in staggered order.

Conclusion. The proposed methods allow refining the coordinates of the centers of the occurred earthquakes while using the iteration method can significantly improve the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the earthquake center of origin and the speeds of seismic waves in various areas. The presence of seismic wave velocities in various parts of the earth's crust during calculations allows determining the coordinates of the earthquake source using new methods based on the use of second-order hyperboloid figures, which were not previously used by seismologists.
Application of multilayer finite elements of variable thickness in the calculation of reinforced concrete slabs in the "Prince" computer complex
Authors: Aidemirov K. R. , Agapov V. P. , Murtazaliev G. M.
Published: January 2021

Objective. A family of multilayer finite elements designed for calculating reinforced concrete slabs and shells of variable thickness is described. The features of the formation of stiffness matrices associated with the variability of the cross-section of elements are considered.

Methods. The family is based on the simplest planar triangular element constructed using the Kirchhoff hypothesis. The transverse displacements in this element are approximated by an incomplete cubic polynomial. This element is not suitable for practical use, but it is based on improved elements of three- and foursided shape in the plan. Special attention is paid to the consideration of cross-section variability.

Results. The results of testing the developed elements are presented and the advantages of their use in the practice of design and calculation of structures are shown.

Conclusion. The developed PRINCE software package can be useful in the design and calculation of structures containing plates of variable thicknesses.
Monitoring of destruction and shallowing of water bodies and bank protection structures in the Volga river delta within the framework of the "Ecology of safe construction" program
Authors: Zolina T. V. , Strelkov S. P. , Kupchikova N. V. , Shayakhmedov R. I. , Kondrashin K. G.
Published: January 2021

Objective. The article describes the features of works on coastal protection of territories subject to slope processes. The role of research of leading processes of destruction of coastal zones in the framework of the program “The Ecology of Safe Construction and Municipal Services” for forecasting and preventing risks, as well as providing information for further work on building reliable coastal protection, is emphasized. Despite the existing variety of ways to protect embankments from erosion, the search for new technical solutions at the moment continues to be an urgent task.

Methods. Geotechnical monitoring of hydraulic structures was carried out. Visual assessments of cracks, slopes of individual structural blocks, and deformations were performed. A thermal imager device is used to search for abnormal temperatures and an electronic hardness meter that measures the strength of concrete.

Results. It is determined that the water regime of the Astrakhan Region is characterized by an uneven distribution of runoff due to a direct dependence on the flow rate from the Volgograd hydropower plant. The predominant source of moisture is discharges in the form of a series of rain floods, which often cause flooding. One of the most effective solutions is to preserve the operational characteristics of the bank protection spur-pile of variable cross-section when changing the hydrological river regime. The bank protection spur runs partially movable horizontally and vertically and comprises a head spur in the form of piles of variable height; the body in the form of a floating garland of variable cross-section; the base in the form of a slider block. The design and technological solution allow blocking the coastal stream with the body of the spur at any water level and changing the angle of inclination of the spur with the protected shore.

Conclusion. Prevention of emergencies, especially in urbanized areas that are subject to intense anthropogenic impact, is possible only when engineering protective structures are built, which have a positive effect both in protective and environmental aspects.
Temperature field of a thermoelectric system for extracting foreign objects when introducing into the human body
Authors: Evdulov O. V. , Nasrulaev A. M.
Published: January 2021

Objective. The objective of the article is to create a design model of a thermoelectric system for extracting foreign objects from the human body by freezing when introduced into the cavity, as well as to study the internal thermophysical processes.

Methods. A design model of a thermoelectric system for extracting foreign objects from the human body by freezing the thermoelectric system introduced into the cavity is developed, based on solving the problem of thermal conductivity, taking into account the thermophysical characteristics of a biological object, foreign object, and a thermoelectric module.

Results. As a result of the numerical experiment, the authors obtained graphs of temperature changes at various points of the thermoelectric system when introduced into the human body to extract a foreign object, depending on the power of the thermoelectric system, the parameters of the module materials, and external conditions. It is determined that the device can use a standard thermoelectric module with a cooling capacity from 4500 W/m2to 7000 W/m2with a duration of 6-7 minutes for entering the system mode.

Conclusion. It is established that the selection of thermoelectric module parameters must be guided by the limitations of the device operation, as well as medical norms and standards to avoid the process of cold injury of adjacent tissues, which is fully provided in the proposed design. A method for improving the efficiency of the system is proposed, according to which the thermoelectric system is pre-cooled using an external cold source, and forced modes of thermoelectric module operation are used.
Study of the effect of hull geometry on the towing resistance of motor ferries when overcoming water obstacles
Authors: Mesropyan A. V. , Rakhmatullin R. R.
Published: January 2021

Objective. The article studies the influence of the hull geometry on the towing resistance and speed of ferry vehicles on the water when overcoming water obstacles.

Methods. 3D modeling methods are used in CAD and CAE packages to study the degree of influence of the hull geometry on the water resistance to the movement of the ferry vehicle, which makes it possible to accurately model the working processes occurring when flowing around motor ferries.

Results. The analysis of the results of computer simulation of the movement of a ferry vehicle of the original design on the water is carried out. The advantages and disadvantages of the ferry bridge machine of the original design are determined, and various variants of design and layout schemes are proposed, the use of which allows increasing the speed and maneuvering characteristics of ferry vehicles.

Conclusion. A variant of the design and layout scheme of a motor ferry is proposed, which allows improving the hydrodynamic characteristics of the ferry vehicle body by using modern technical solutions aimed at reducing towing resistance and increasing the speed of transportation when overcoming water obstacles.
STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIALITY OF EIGHT DIFFERENT MANGROVE SPECIES AND DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR INTRA-RELATIONSHIP THROUGH CLUSTER ANALYSIS
Authors: KADER ABDUL , GHOSH PARTHADEB , SINHA SANKAR NARAYAN
Published: January 2021

Objective: The present study investigates the antimicrobial activities of eight different mangrove plants and also the development of their intra-relationship through cluster analysis.

Methods: The dried and powdered leaves of different mangrove species were extracted by cold maceration process with water, methanol, and chloroform. The antimicrobial activity was done using the agar well diffusion method. The cluster analysis of the mangrove plants was analyzed by MINITAB Release 13.1.

Results: The order of extraction yield for each mangrove species was methanol > chloroform > water. The methanol extract of Suaeda maritima, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis, and chloroform extract of Sonneratia apetala gave the highest inhibition zones of 19 mm, 19 mm, 19.33 mm, and 19.33 mm, respectively, against Bacillus subtilis. The methanol extract of Ceriops decandra, Xylocarpus granatum, and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza found the highest inhibition zones of 21.67 mm, 22 mm, and 20.3 mm, respectively, against Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The endangered and endemic species Heritiera fomes gave the highest result (18 mm) against both for Micrococcus luteus and B. subtilis in methanolic extract. The maximum zone of inhibition of fungal strains was found against Botrytis cinerea (15 mm), Fusarium oxysporum (16.33 mm), and Rhizopus oryzae (13.33 mm) with the methanol extract of X. granatum, S. apetala, and C. decandra, respectively. Cluster analysis of 8 mangrove species based on different bacterial pathogens was also shown where it demonstrated their intra-relationship against some bacterial pathogens.

Conclusion: From this study, it may be concluded that mangrove plants can be used to discover bioactive natural products.
EFFECTS OF GREEN IRON NANOPARTICLES ON BIOFILM-FORMING BACTERIA
Authors: GHOSH DASTIDAR MADHUMITA , BS NIVEDITHA , POOJA
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to observe the effects of iron nanoparticles (FeNP) synthesized from plant source of biofilm-forming bacteria.

Methods: FeNP were synthesized from Pongamia pinnata leave extracts and it was characterized using Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray Analysis. The synthesized FeNP were evaluated against bio film-forming Gram-negative Pseudomonas, Sewage organisms, and Gram-positive hay bacillus Bacillus subtilis. These biofilm-forming microorganisms were evaluated for antibiotic sensitivity. The extracellular and intracellular proteins of biofilm-forming bacteria were estimated in the presence of FeNP.

Results: All these biofilm-forming microorganisms were found to be antibiotic-resistant. The green FeNP showed potential antimicrobial effectiveness against hay Bacillus, followed by Pseudomonas and sewage bacteria. These NPs inhibited the intracellular protein formation more than extracellular proteins of biofilm-forming micro-organisms.

Conclusions: It can be concluded that the FeNP synthesized from plant sources were effectively inhibited the biofilm-forming microorganisms by obstructing the intracellular protein synthesis. These NPs can be used as an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and alternative molecule to treat the antibiotic-resistant biofilm- forming micro-organisms.
EFFECT OF STERCULIA QUADRIFIDA R. BR BARK TO IN VITRO DPPH RADICAL AND GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE ON DIABETIC WISTAR RATS
Authors: A PRAING RAMBU KONDA , SUNARNI TITIK
Published: January 2021

Objective: The aims of the research were to evaluate the antioxidant effect of Sterculia quadrifida R.Br bark by in vitro 1,1-biphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity on diabetic Wistar rats model.

Methods: S. quadrifida bark powder was extracted in ethanol 70% by maceration method. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extract was tested by DPPH radical scavenging method. The activity of GPx was evaluated from the liver of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring the absorbance using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry method.

Results: The ethanol extract of S. quadrifida bark had a strong DPPH radical scavenging activity, with the IC50 value was 4.86±0.01 ug/ml, besides that the extract also showed significantly activity of GPx (p<0.05) at a dose of 65, 130, and 260 mg/kg bw.

Conclusion: The ethanol extract of S. quadrifida bark had a potent antioxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging and GPx activity.
THE ROLE OF INTERLEUKIN-4 GENE PROMOTER POLYMORPHISMS IN GRAVES’ DISEASE
Authors: RAVEINAL RAVEINAL , DARWIN ERYATI , DECROLI EVA , JAMSARI JAMSARI
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to prove the role of interleukin-4 gene promoter polymorphisms in Graves’ disease patients in M Djamil General Hospital Padang, Indonesia.

Methods: This study was conducted from August 2015 until December 2015 in the Internal Medicine Department in Dr. M. Djamil Hospital, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia. This study involved 15 patients with Graves’ disease and 15 normal subjects. We examined that IL-4 promoter gene polymorphism was examined with PCR.

Results: Sequencing examination on IL-4 gene promoter resulted in 2 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) motifs, which is rs2243250 and rs2070847. IL-4 SNP gene promoter polymorphisms rs2243250 and rs2070847 were found in both patient and control groups. TT is homozygous SNP polymorphisms. CT is heterozygous SNP polymorphisms. CC is wild type or no mutation SNP polymorphisms. Based on statistical tests, no difference in rs2243250 and rs2070847 SNP polymorphisms was found between patient and control group (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: This study observed no difference in interleukin-4 gene promoter polymorphism between Graves’ disease patients and control group.
ANTI-OBESITY EFFECT OF CANNABIS SATIVA SEED FLOUR FROM KHLALFA OF TAOUNATE REGION (NORTHERN OF MOROCCO) IN HIGH CALORIC DIET-INDUCED OBESE MICE
Authors: BOUARFA MOUNA , SOUIRTI ZOUHAIR , CERRUTI PIERFRANCESCO , AVELLA MAURIZIO , FARAH ABDELLAH , BOUSTA DALILA
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anti-obesity activity of Cannabis sativa seed Flour (CSSF) on obese mice.

Methods: The experiment process was carried out in 8 weeks. In this time, three groups of animals were adopted: High caloric diet control group (HCD), group treated with 100 mg/kg of CSSF, group treated with 200 mg/kg of CSSF, and normal diet control group (ND). Then, the histopathological and biochemical parameters analysis has been realized at the end of the experiment.

Results: As a result, body weight gain, epididymal, and perirenal adipose tissue decreased in the CSSF (Cannabis sativa seed Flour) group in both doses (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) compared to the HCD. CSSF lowered serum glucose level elevated by HCD. For lipid profiles, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG) significantly decreased in the CSSF group. The histopathological results of this study showed a regenerative effect of CSSF on the kidney and liver tissues.

Conclusion: It is concluded from the present study that CSSF can be used as a natural anti-obesity agent.
A NOVEL APPROACH IN DESIGNING ENTERIC-COATED ANTIPLATELET DRUG FOR BYPASSING STOMACH AND GASTRIC IRRITATION
Authors: THIRUMALESH NAIK SUGALI BANOOTH , PURUSHOTHAMAN MUNUSWAMY , CHANDRA SEKHAR KOTHAPALLI BANOOTH
Published: January 2021

Objective: The innovative approach in this investigation is making an enteric-coated acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) for antiplatelet activity using a novel excipient.

Methods: A novel methodology used in making ASA tablets for tackling the stomach irritation of ASA, by including Plantago ovata seed mucilage as a tablet binder. ASA compatibility with P. ovata seed mucilage was judged by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) studies. All tablets were prosecuted for flow properties, physicochemical constraints, and release.

Results: The enteric-coated tablets established no interface by FTIR and DSC lessons. All the tablets possessed physicochemical constraints. The ASA showed its opposition to discharge in the stomach (2 h) and errand in a basic buffer (within 45 min).

Conclusions: The work revealed that with the help of P. ovata as a tablet binder will resolve the disputes connected to gastric irritation.
DESIGN, SYNTHESIS, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SOME NOVEL 2‐AMINO-PYRIDINE‐3‐ CARBONITRILE AND 2‐AMINO-4H-PYRAN‐3‐CARBONITRILE DERIVATIVES AGAINST ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors: LAGU SURENDRA BABU , PRASAD YEJELLA RAJENDRA
Published: January 2021

Objective: Investigation, the series of newer 2‐amino-pyridine‐3‐carbonitrile and 2‐amino-4H-pyran‐3‐carbonitrile derivative were synthesized and evaluated antimicrobial activities and antioxidant activity.

Methods: Novel synthesized chalcones were further condensation to give 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine and 2-amino-3-cyanopyrans in the presence of malononitrile, pyridine, and ammonia acetate. The product is characterized by conventional and instrumental methods. Pyridine and 4-H-Pyran and their analogs occupy prime position due to their diverse applications.

Results: The compounds A3C and B3C exhibited marked zone of inhibition with 30.02±0.02 mm and 29.06±0.01 mm, respectively. Docking studies suggested possible interactions with dihydrofolic reductase 4 with 9.15 and −9.67 kcal/mol, respectively. The IC50 30.28±0.01 exhibited A3C by 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl methods which is better among the series. The 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine derivatives were found good activity than 2-amino-3-cyanopyrane derivative. Among all synthesized compounds few having potent activity and some are near to the standard.

Conclusion: Antimicrobial activity and antioxidant of the newly synthesized pyrans and pyridines derivatives will definitely inspire future researchers for the preparation of new analogs.
TELEMEDICINE IN TIMES OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE-19 AT A TERTIARY CARE GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL IN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA
Authors: PRIYA ADITY , VAIBHAV KUNWAR , SRIVASTAVA SALIL KUMAR , KUMAR VIJAY
Published: January 2021

Objective: The present study aimed to describe the common symptoms and diagnosis for each specialty which can be used in future for expansion of teleconsultation services and implementation of the E Sanjeevani model in health care.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study which comprises the data collected from various specialties over a 4-month period. The telemedicine consultations were given by the consultants of the concerned specialty in adherence to the telemedicine guidelines issued by the government and mostly generic names of the medicine were advised to the patients. The demographic details, chief complaint of the patient, diagnosis, and treatment were recorded.

Results: The total number of calls which was received in 4 months period at the telemedicine center in Government Medical College, Ayodhya, was 4848. Maximum number of calls was attended by the department of obstetrics and gynecology which was 771 (15.9%). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) had a substantial and transformative influence on routine clinical practice across the entire clinical continuum in a very short period of time.

Conclusion: The use of telemedicine emerged as a critical tool to improve the provision of health services. The virtual media and other technologies that can be delivered to patients doorsteps need to strengthened. The trailer which telemedicine showed up in times of COVID-19 can definitely produce a good show in days to come with proper communication between the service provider and receiver.
Interpreting transfers of rocks during the Mesolithic in the West of France
Authors: Marchand Gregor
Published: January 2021

The crystalline geological substratum of the Armorican Massif, in the West of France, is devoid of flint nodules in primary position. As a result, during Prehistory, humans developed different strategies for making their toolkits, either by adapting production methods to local rocks from diverse sources, or by importing materials from the sedimentary margins. This article proposes to analyse the distribution of lithic materials during the Mesolithic as the consequence of a succession of collective choices. Many sedimentary, metamorphic or plutonic rocks of local origin were used, and considerably increased in quantity from the Early Mesolithic to the Late Mesolithic. After the identification of the geological origin of the rocks, a series of mechanical analyses were carried out to define their properties. Then, the social integration process of these rocks was addressed. The lithic assemblages of Beg-er-Vil (Quiberon) and la Presqu’île (Brennilis) were then described to tangibly explain the intentions of productions in coastal and continental economies respectively during the Late Mesolithic (end of the seventh and sixth millennia BCE). The toolkits in both economies are strictly identical, but two different lithic management systems were clearly in place. The first, on the coast, consisted exclusively of production on pebbles, whereas, the other, inland, used a wide range of materials of mediocre quality. During the Mesolithic (and unlike Neolithic practices), and in this context of geological paucity, sacrificing technical standards always seemed preferable to long-distance acquisitions by means of imports or exchanges.
Manual de prácticas de biología molecular de la célula II
Authors:   Facultad de Ciencias, Mendoza von der Borch Ana Paulina
Published: January 2021

Este manual permitirá mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la bioquímica metabólica. En esta segunda edición se han mejorado los métodos de las prácticas de la primera edición para que su realización sea más eficiente. Además hemos incluido prácticas nuevas; por otro lado, se adicionaron algunas técnicas que se realizan en los laboratorios de investigación en bioquímica, con el objetivo de enriquecer la formación del alumno.
Desempeño térmico de fachadas verdes tradicionales de orientación este en viviendas seriadas emplazadas en climas áridos
Authors: Suarez Pablo Abel , Cantón María Alicia , Correa Érica
Published: January 2021

Green infrastructure is a strategy for mitigating urban and building temperatures. This work assesses the impact of a type of Vertical Greenery System (VGS), the Traditional Green Façades (TGF), on the thermal condition of dwellings located in the Metropolitan Area of Mendoza, Argentina, whose climate is dry desert (BWk - Köppen-Geiger). To this end, two case studies were monitored for two consecutive summers: a dwelling with an east-facing TGF and a control dwelling of the same typology and materiality. Outdoor and indoor ambient temperature data were recorded: surface exterior and interior, and horizontal radiation. Decreases of up to 3.1°C in the indoor ambient temperature of FVT dwellings, of up to 27.4°C on exterior walls and 6.5°C on interior walls were found. The magnitudes of the results found show the potential of applying this strategy in an arid climate.
Canon ambiental por vertidos en Costa Rica como instrumento económico en la gestión de aguas residuales: un enfoque metodológico y de análisis de la situación actual
Authors: Villalobos-González Wendy marcela , Rolando Sánchez Gutiérrez
Published: January 2021

El manejo de aguas residuales en Costa Rica presenta un serio rezago, actualmente solo el 22% de los hogares poseen conexión a un sistema de alcantarillado sanitario, siendo tratados antes de su vertido a un cuerpo receptor apenas el 8,2%. Actualmente en el marco normativo costarricense, se regula el vertido de aguas residuales a los ríos; aunado a esto, para compensar los efectos negativos derivados de esta actividad, existe el reglamento del Cannon Ambiental por Vertidos (CAV), este instrumento procura realizar una valoración económica de los daños ambientales y a su vez internalizar las externalidades negativas en las que incurre un generador de aguas residuales vertiendo sus efluentes a los ríos del país. Desafortunadamente hoy en día, el CAV solo realiza el cobro en función de los servicios ambientales prestados por los cuerpos de agua como sumidero de la carga orgánica, existiendo una deficiencia en la estimación económica del valor que se pierde en los diferentes usos del recurso natural a causa de esta actividad. Este documento presenta un análisis de la metodología empleada por el CAV para el cobro actual por los vertidos, abordando a su vez una propuesta inicial para el desarrollo de un fortalecimiento de la metodología en aras de alcanzar una integralidad en el proceso de valoración económica.
Descripción ultraestructural de los diferentes estadios del ciclo de vida de Angiostrongylus costaricensis
Authors: Vargas Hernando , Gonzalez Kevin , Torres María Isabel Victoria
Published: January 2021

Angiostrongylus costaricensis es un nemátodo de importancia médica en América. En el presente estudio se realizó una descripción ultraestructural completa y precisa de A. costaricensis en cada uno de sus estadios de desarrollo. Se estudió un mínimo de 20 especímenes por estadio evolutivo los cuales se procesaron para microscopía de barrido y fueron observados y fotografiados a magnificaciones desde 25 a 3000X.
Análisis de la eficiencia de la fertilización mediante el uso de Zeolita natural y Mucuna pruriens en el cultivo de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) bajo condiciones controladas en microparcelas situadas en Parrita, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
Authors: Zuñiga Orozco Andres , Montero Jara Karla , Peña Cordero Wagner
Published: January 2021

Análisis de la eficiencia de la fertilización mediante el uso de Zeolita natural y Mucuna pruriens en arroz (Oryza sativa L.) bajo condiciones controladas en microparcelas localizadas en Parrita, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Objetivo: aplicar una fuente de abono verde, Mucuna pruriens y zeolita en el cultivo de arroz para ver la posibilidad de mejorar la eficiencia de fertilización y absorción de nutrimentos. Método: mediante una dosis de 152 g / m2 y una fuente mineral a base de zeolita con una dosis de 38,25 g / m2, en diferentes combinaciones con y sin fertilización comercial. En cultivo de arroz en la zona de Parrita, Puntarenas. Resultados: Se obtuvo, para el rendimiento (ton/ha), que el mejor tratamiento fue el que combinó la fertilización comercial + zeolita + M.pruriens. La absorción de nitrógeno mejoró posiblemente debido a Zeolita y M. pruriens por sus cualidades como acondicionadores físico-químicos y en el caso de M.pruriens por su contribución de N. La relación C / N,% de materia orgánica a nivel del suelo y contenido de K a nivel de la hoja, aumentó en todos los tratamientos, que estaba directamente relacionado con la mejora de las condiciones del suelo y, aunque la variable de calidad del grano no fue significativa, siguió la misma tendencia que el rendimiento. Conclusiones: A pesar de no obtener mejores rendimientos que el promedio nacional, se observó que la contribución de la materia orgánica a través de acondicionadores y fertilizantes verdes es significativa y ayuda a mejorar las condiciones del suelo cuando se aplica.
Seminario Violencias, Movilización Social y Cambio: La experiencia de la Cátedra de Trabajo Social
Authors: Villalobos Torres Gabriela
Published: January 2021

El Seminario Violencias, Movilización Social y Cambio, organizado por la Cátedra de Trabajo Social de la UNED, se efectuó los días 27 y 28 de setiembre del 2012 en la Sala Magna de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia con transmisión simultánea a los centros universitarios de Limón y Ciudad Neily. El realizar actividades de esta naturaleza enriquece el quehacer académico del estudiantado de la UNED, así como de las personas profesionales y público en general interesado en la temática. La actividad se realizó con la intención de crear espacios de reflexión y análisis acerca de la realidad de las violencias hacia las mujeres y la niñez y adolescencia, incluida en ellas la explotación sexual comercial. La realización de un seminario conlleva una serie de actividades y coordinaciones previas que son importantes de anotar, en especial para aquellas instancias que deseen organizar actividades similares.
Conflictos entre derecho a la información, libertad de expresión y otros derechos humanos.
Authors: Villalobos Quirós Enrique
Published: January 2021

El derecho a la información y la libertad de expresión son derechos esenciales para la vida en sociedad. Sin embargo, es frecuente que estos derechos humanos entren en conflicto con otros derechos igualmente importantes, como el derecho al honor, a la intimidad, a la imagen, o a la presunción de inocencia. La doctrina más consolidada en materia de derechos humanos establece que no hay “superderechos”, sino que todos deben coexistir y funcionar en un plan de igualdad, con la excepción del derecho a la vida. Para dilucidar en qué casos prevalece un derecho sobre otro, se hace indispensable analizar los fallos de la Sala Constitucional, como valiosa fuente de orientación y de jurisprudencia vinculante.
Educación especial: su historia y sus retos para el siglo XXI.
Authors: Molina Ureña Silvia
Published: January 2021

A lo largo del desarrollo del pensamiento occidental se ha presentado un lento proceso  de aceptación de las características y necesidades de las personas con retraso mental. Este artículo realiza un enfoque histórico como preámbulo para comprender los retos de la Educación Especial así como la necesidad por reconocer la importancia del respeto a sus derechos como individuos que pueden desarrollar sus habilidades y capacidades para ser parte activa de la sociedad en que viven.
La ontología directa de la imagen poética en Gastón Bachelard
Authors: Campos Jeannette
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se plantea e intenta explicar la importancia de la resonancia y la repercusión como significado ontológico de una “fenomenología del alma” que inaugura Gastón Bachelard. Asimismo, se trata de ahondar un poco en la descripción del espacio íntimo, la imagen y el espacio onírico, que deben constituir un estudio esencial para el acercamiento y el conocimiento del ser humano desde una perspectiva psicológica y filosófica.
Competência em informação: das origens às tendências
Authors: Belluzzo Regina Célia Baptista
Published: January 2021

Apresenta-se a competência em informação, tema considerado de importância para a sociedade contemporânea, desde alguns aspectos histórico-conceituais que envolvem sua origem e as principais mudanças porque tem passado ao longo de sua história. Destacam-se os diferentes fatores que contribuíram para a sua consolidação, salientando-se o seu protagonismo em nível internacional e a sua situação emergente no Brasil. Desse modo, o propósito deste artigo é contribuir com uma descrição teórica a partir de revisão bibliográfica seletiva sobre o tema, oferecendo um panorama desde suas origens até as principais tendências que poderão contribuir para a sociedade brasileira, enquanto um movimento de cidadania e aprendizado ao longo da vida que tem importância vital para que todos tenham acesso e façam uso inteligente da informação e construam conhecimento aplicável às questões de sustentabilidade, desenvolvimento social e inovação no cenário de mudanças em curso.

Palavras-chave: Competência em informação. Habilidades em informação.Competência midiática. Era digital.