bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathogen-targeting glycovesicles as a therapy for salmonellosis
Authors: Mu Haibo , Bai Hu , Sun Feifei , Liu Yinyin , Lu Chunbo , Qiu Yuanhao , Chen Peng , Yang Yu , Kong Lili , Duan Jinyou
Published: September 2019

Antibiotic therapy is usually not recommended for salmonellosis, as it is associated with prolonged fecal carriage without reducing symptom duration or severity. Here we show that antibiotics encapsulated in hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-responsive glycovesicles may be potentially useful for the treatment of salmonellosis. The antibiotics are released in the presence of Salmonella, which is known to produce H2S. This approach prevents the quick absorption of antibiotics into the bloodstream, allows localized targeting of the pathogen in the gut, and alleviates disease symptoms in a mouse infection model. In addition, it reduces antibiotic-induced changes in the gut microbiota, and increases the abundance of potentially beneficial lactobacilli due to the release of prebiotic xylooligosaccharide analogs.
In vitro role of Rad54 in Rad51-ssDNA filament-dependent homology search and synaptic complexes formation
Authors: Tavares Eliana Moreira , Wright William Douglass , Heyer Wolf-Dietrich , Le Cam Eric , Dupaigne Pauline
Published: September 2019

Homologous recombination (HR) uses a homologous template to accurately repair DNA double-strand breaks and stalled replication forks to maintain genome stability. During homology search, Rad51 nucleoprotein filaments probe and interact with dsDNA, forming the synaptic complex that is stabilized on a homologous sequence. Strand intertwining leads to the formation of a displacement-loop (D-loop). In yeast, Rad54 is essential for HR in vivo and required for D-loop formation in vitro, but its exact role remains to be fully elucidated. Using electron microscopy to visualize the DNA-protein complexes, here we find that Rad54 is crucial for Rad51-mediated synaptic complex formation and homology search. The Rad54−K341R ATPase-deficient mutant protein promotes formation of synaptic complexes but not D-loops and leads to the accumulation of stable heterologous associations, suggesting that the Rad54 ATPase is involved in preventing non-productive intermediates. We propose that Rad51/Rad54 form a functional unit operating in homology search, synaptic complex and D-loop formation.
Success rates of re-excision after positive margins for invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Piper Merisa L. , Wong Jasmine , Fahrner-Scott Kelly , Ewing Cheryl , Alvarado Michael , Esserman Laura J. , Mukhtar Rita A.
Published: September 2019

Rates of positive margins after surgical resection of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) are high (ranging from 18 to 60%), yet the efficacy of re-excision lumpReceptor subtypeectomy for clearing positive margins is unknown. Concerns about the diffuse nature of ILC may drive increased rates of completion mastectomy to treat positive margins, thus lowering breast conservation rates. We therefore determined the success rate of re-excision lumpectomy in women with ILC and positive margins after surgical resection. We identified 314 cases of stage I-III ILC treated with breast conserving surgery (BCS) at the University of California, San Francisco. Surgical procedures, pathology reports, and outcomes were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistics and Cox-proportional hazards models. We evaluated outcomes before and after the year 2014, when new margin management consensus guidelines were published. Positive initial margins occurred in 118 (37.6%) cases. Of these, 62 (52.5%) underwent re-excision lumpectomy, which cleared the margin in 74.2%. On multivariate analysis, node negativity was significantly associated with successful re-excision (odds ratio [OR] 3.99, 95% CI 1.15–13.81, p = 0.029). After 2014, we saw fewer initial positive margins (42.7% versus 25.5%, p = 0.009), second surgeries (54.6% versus 20.2%, p < 0.001), and completion mastectomies (27.7% versus 4.5%, p < 0.001). In this large cohort of women with ILC, re-excision lumpectomy was highly successful at clearing positive margins. Additionally, positive margins and completion mastectomy rates significantly decreased over time. These findings highlight improvements in management of ILC, and suggest that completion mastectomy may not be required for those with positive margins after initial BCS.
Universality of fold-encoded localized vibrations in enzymes
Authors: Chalopin Yann , Piazza Francesco , Mayboroda Svitlana , Weisbuch Claude , Filoche Marcel
Published: September 2019

Enzymes speed up biochemical reactions at the core of life by as much as 15 orders of magnitude. Yet, despite considerable advances, the fine dynamical determinants at the microscopic level of their catalytic proficiency are still elusive. In this work, we use a powerful mathematical approach to show that rate-promoting vibrations in the picosecond range, specifically encoded in the 3D protein structure, are localized vibrations optimally coupled to the chemical reaction coordinates at the active site. Remarkably, our theory also exposes an hithertho unknown deep connection between the unique localization fingerprint and a distinct partition of the 3D fold into independent, foldspanning subdomains that govern long-range communication. The universality of these features is demonstrated on a pool of more than 900 enzyme structures, comprising a total of more than 10,000 experimentally annotated catalytic sites. Our theory provides a unified microscopic rationale for the subtle structure-dynamics-function link in proteins.
A New Route for Indirect Mineralization of Carbon Dioxide–Sodium Oxalate as a Detergent Builder
Authors: Li Chen , Wang Lijie , Yuan Min , Xu Hong , Dong Jinxiang
Published: September 2019

Here, we bridge the gap between carbon mineralization and laundry detergent builder with sodium oxalate. Daily laundry can help mineralize carbon dioxide. First, we screen an environment-friendly process to produce sodium oxalate, using CO2 as a raw material. Then, we evaluate the properties of sodium oxalate as a detergent builder and prove the formation of calcium oxalate under laundry conditions. Our data suggest that sodium oxalate has excellent calcium-removing properties. Detergents based on sodium oxalate have good detergency. Furthermore, solid calcium oxalates (calcium oxalate monohydrate or calcium oxalate dihydrate, which has good stability in water and thermal stability), is obtained from washing waters. These results demonstrate the possibility of using sodium oxalate as detergent builder. The whole process can transform the greenhouse gas CO2 into commodity chemicals and can mineralize carbon.
Dissemination prevention of antibiotic resistant and facultative pathogenic bacteria by ultrafiltration and ozone treatment at an urban wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Hembach Norman , Alexander Johannes , Hiller Christian , Wieland Arne , Schwartz Thomas
Published: September 2019

Conventional wastewater treatment is not sufficient for the removal of hygienically relevant bacteria and achieves only limited reductions. This study focuses on the reduction efficiencies of two semi-industrial ultrafiltration units operating at a large scale municipal wastewater treatment plant. In total, 7 clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes, together with 3 taxonomic gene markers targeting specific facultative pathogenic bacteria were analysed via qPCR analyses before and after advanced treatment. In parallel with membrane technologies, an ozone treatment (1 g ozone/g DOC) was performed for comparison of the different reduction efficiencies. Both ultrafiltration units showed increased reduction efficiencies for facultative pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes of up to 6 log units, resulting mostly in a strong reduction of the bacterial targets. In comparison, the ozone treatment showed some reduction efficiency, but was less effective compared with ultrafiltration due to low ozone dosages frequently used for micro-pollutant removal at municipal wastewater treatment plants. Additionally, metagenome analyses demonstrated the accumulation of facultative pathogenic bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factor genes, and metabolic gene targets in the back flush retentate of the membranes, which opens further questions about retentate fluid material handling at urban wastewater treatment plants.
Phlda3 regulates beta cell survival during stress
Authors: Bensellam Mohammed , Chan Jeng Yie , Lee Kailun , Joglekar Mugdha V. , Hardikar Anandwardhan A. , Loudovaris Thomas , Thomas Helen E. , Jonas Jean-Christophe , Laybutt D. Ross
Published: September 2019

The loss of functional beta cell mass characterises all forms of diabetes. Beta cells are highly susceptible to stress, including cytokine, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress. This study examined the role of pleckstrin homology-like, domain family A, member 3 (Phlda3) in beta cell survival under stress conditions and the regulatory basis. We found that the mRNA levels of Phlda3 were markedly upregulated in vivo in the islets of diabetic humans and mice. In vitro, exposure of MIN6 cells or islets to cytokines, palmitate, thapsigargin or ribose upregulated Phlda3 mRNA and protein levels, concurrent with the induction of ER stress (Ddit3 and Trb3) and antioxidant (Hmox1) genes. Furthermore, H2O2 treatment markedly increased PHLDA3 immunostaining in human islets. Phlda3 expression was differentially regulated by adaptive (Xbp1) and apoptotic (Ddit3) unfolded protein response (UPR) mediators. siRNA-mediated knockdown of Xbp1 inhibited the induction of Phlda3 by cytokines and palmitate, whereas knockdown of Ddit3 upregulated Phlda3. Moreover, knockdown of Phlda3 potentiated cytokine-induced apoptosis in association with upregulation of inflammatory genes (iNos, IL1β and IκBα) and NFκB phosphorylation and downregulation of antioxidant (Gpx1 and Srxn1) and adaptive UPR (Xbp1, Hspa5 and Fkbp11) genes. Knockdown of Phlda3 also potentiated apoptosis under oxidative stress conditions induced by ribose treatment. These findings suggest that Phlda3 is crucial for beta cell survival under stress conditions. Phlda3 regulates the cytokine, oxidative and ER stress responses in beta cells via the repression of inflammatory gene expression and the maintenance of antioxidant and adaptive UPR gene expression. Phlda3 may promote beta cell survival in diabetes.
Exosomes from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) Overexpressing miR-21 Promote Vascularization of Endothelial Cells
Authors: An Yang , Zhao Jianfang , Nie Fangfei , Qin Zelian , Xue Hongyu , Wang Guanhuier , Li Dong
Published: September 2019

In the past few years, exosomes released from adipose-derived stem cells (abbreviated as ADSCs) have shown promises to provide therapeutic benefits in the fields of regenerative medicine. miRNAs, existing in exosomes, are endogenous, small noncoding RNAs that play important roles in a variety of cellular functions and tumor development. Emerging evidences have indicated that miR-21 is one of the important miRNAs associated with tumor angiogenesis. In this study, we identified the role of exosomes from ADSCs overexpressing miR-21 in regulating/promoting vascularization of endothelial cells. Experimental data indicated an elevated miR-21 level in exosomes released by ADSCs overexpressing miR-21. In vitro matrigel angiogenesis assay showed that exosomes secreted by ADSCs overexpressing miR-21 significantly promoted the vascularization of HUVEC cells (an endothelial cell line). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB) revealed an upregulation of HIF-1α, VEGF, SDF-1, p-Akt, p-ERK1/2 and downregulation of PTEN in response to miR-21 overexpression, indicating that miR-21 enriched exosomes induced angiogenesis through Akt and ERK activation and also HIF-1α and SDF-1 expression. Our work suggests that exosomes from ADSCs that overexpressing miR-21 can potentially promote vascularization and therefore the transplantation of exosomes from their culture may be suitable for clinical effort in regenerative medicine.
A feasibility study of a leaky waveguide aptasensor for thrombin
Authors: Alamrani Nasser A. , Greenway Gillian M. , Pamme Nicole , Goddard Nicholas J. , Gupta Ruchi
Published: September 2019

This proof-of-principle study demonstrates the feasibility of a leaky waveguide (LW) aptasensor, where aptamers were immobilised in a mesoporous chitosan waveguiding film for the detection of thrombin.
Mono-6-thio-β-cyclodextrin-functionalized AuNP/two-dimensional TiO2 nanosheet nanocomposite for the electrochemical determination of trace methyl parathion in water
Authors: Fu Xu-Cheng , Zhang Chao , Li Xuan-Hua , Zhang Jian , Wei Gan
Published: September 2019

In this work, two-dimensional TiO2 nanosheets material composited with Au nanoparticles and mono-6-thio-β-cyclodextrin was prepared on electrode surface (SH-β-CD/AuNPs/TiO2NSs/GCE).
Particulate carrier systems as adjuvants for cancer vaccines
Authors: Saung May Tun , Ke Xiyu , Howard Gregory P. , Zheng Lei , Mao Hai-Quan
Published: September 2019

Particulate systems including nanoparticles and microparticles show great potential as carriers for antigen and adjuvant delivery in cancer vaccine development.
Comparative performance of Cu-zeolites in the isothermal conversion of methane to methanol
Authors: Knorpp Amy J. , Newton Mark A. , Mizuno Stefanie C. M. , Zhu Jie , Mebrate Hiwote , Pinar Ana B. , van Bokhoven Jeroen A.
Published: September 2019

A series of zeolites were screened for the direct conversion of methane to methanol under isothermal low-temperature stepwise conditions; of the screened zeolites, omega zeolite (MAZ) showed superior performance.
Solvent-free functionalisation of graphene oxide with amide and amine groups at room temperature
Authors: Sandoval Stefania , Fuertes Amparo , Tobias Gerard
Published: September 2019

A new solvent free protocol is presented to introduce amide and amine functionalities (N-aliphatic groups) onto graphene oxide in an energy efficient manner.
Reversible self-powered fluorescent electrochromic windows driven by perovskite solar cells
Authors: Sun Jinzi , Li Ying , Sun Jiankun , Zhu Zhijun , Zhai Yanling , Dong Shaojun
Published: September 2019

Self-powered electrofluorochromic devices (EFCDs) have attracted particular attention for smart windows of green buildings.
The role of 3d–4f exchange interaction in SMM behaviour and magnetic refrigeration of carbonato bridged CuII2LnIII2 (Ln = Dy, Tb and Gd) complexes of an unsymmetrical N2O4 donor ligand
Authors: Maity Souvik , Mondal Arpan , Konar Sanjit , Ghosh Ashutosh
Published: September 2019

The role of exchange interaction between Cu(ii) and Ln(iii) ions in SMM behaviour and magnetocaloric effects has been extensively investigated by both experimental and theoretical CASSCF/RASSI-SO/SINGLE_ANISO methods.
Zero-wastewater capacitive deionization: selective removal of heavy metal ions in tap water assisted by phosphate ions
Authors: Huang Xingkang , Guo Xiaoru , Dong Qianqian , Liu Lianjun , Tallon Rebecca , Chen Junhong
Published: September 2019

Removing trace toxic heavy metals such as Pb2+ completely from drinking water while retaining beneficial ions such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ is important for protecting human health. A novel concept of zero-wastewater CDI is demonstrated to selectively remove lead ions against Ca2+ and Mg2+.
Encapsulation of pterostilbene in nanoemulsions: influence of lipid composition on physical stability, in vitro digestion, bioaccessibility, and Caco-2 cell monolayer permeability
Authors: Liu Qianyuan , Chen Jingjing , Qin Yang , Jiang Bo , Zhang Tao
Published: September 2019

Nanoemulsions fabricated using medium chain triglycerides as carrier lipid are more effective for delivering pterostilbene than long chain triglycerides.
Photo-crosslinkable elastomeric protein-derived supramolecular peptide hydrogel with controlled therapeutic CO-release
Authors: Kim Inhye , Bang Woo-Young , Park Won Ho , Han Eun Hee , Lee Eunji
Published: September 2019

Visible light-mediated crosslinkable CO-releasing peptide hydrogel with enhanced mechanical strength and stability was developed by fibrillar assembly of elastomeric protein-derived short peptides.
Elemental selenium enables enhanced water oxidation electrocatalysis of NiFe layered double hydroxides
Authors: Duan Shuo , Chen Shaoqing , Wang Tanyuan , Li Shenzhou , Liu Jianyun , Liang Jiashun , Xie Haiqin , Han Jiantao , Jiao Shuhong , Cao Ruiguo , Wang Hsing-Lin , Li Qing
Published: September 2019

Elemental Se with monoclinic phase tunes the electronic states of metallic sites for NiFe-layered double hydroxides and promotes the generation of γ-NiOOH, leading to enhanced catalytic performance for oxygen evolution reaction.
High-performance supercabatteries using graphite@diamond nano-needle capacitor electrodes and redox electrolytes
Authors: Yu Siyu , Sankaran Kamatchi Jothiramalingam , Korneychuk Svetlana , Verbeeck Johan , Haenen Ken , Jiang Xin , Yang Nianjun
Published: September 2019

Supercabatteries have the features of supercapacitors and batteries. Diamond supercabatteries constructed using graphite@diamond nano-needles as electrodes and redox electrolytes possess high power and energy densities as well as long lifetime.
Rational design and tailoring of imprinted polymeric enantioselective sensor layered on multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the chiral recognition ofd-mandelic acid
Authors: Sajini T. , John Sam , Mathew Beena
Published: September 2019

Attempts have been made to investigate the feasibility of fabricating an enantiomeric sensor for the specific detection ofd-mandelic acid layered on vinyl-MWCNT using molecular imprinting technology.
High-color-purity and efficient solution-processable blue phosphorescent light-emitting diodes with Pt(ii) complexes featuring 3ππ* transitions
Authors: Ma Huili , Shen Kang , Wu Yipei , Xia Fang , Yu Feiling , Sun Zhengyi , Qian Chunyue , Peng Qiming , Zhang Hong-Hai , You Cong , Xie Guohua , Hang Xiao-Chun , Huang Wei
Published: September 2019

A series of Pt(ii) complexes with narrow emission spectra were systematically investigated and Pt(ppzOczpy-4m), rationally designed with predominantly 3LC(3ππ*) character in T1, was fabricated into efficient blue OLEDs via a solution process.
Diastereoselective bicyclization of enynols via gold catalysis
Authors: Cecchini Chiara , Cera Gianpiero , Lanzi Matteo , Marchiò Luciano , Malacria Max , Maestri Giovanni
Published: September 2019

Steering the regiochemical outcome with a cationic gold–phosphite catalyst.
Pt/Fe co-loaded mesoporous zeolite beta for CO oxidation with high catalytic activity and water resistance
Authors: Li Qinru , Zhou Xiaoxia , Zhao Wanpeng , Peng Chunlei , Wu Huixia , Chen Hangrong
Published: September 2019

A series of Pt/Fe co-loaded mBeta catalysts with highly dispersed Pt species have been successfully prepared by an ion exchange and subsequent ethylene glycol reduction method, and show excellent catalytic activity and durability in CO oxidation.
Enhanced hydrogen evolution from water splitting based on ZnO nanosheet/CdS nanoparticle heterostructures
Authors: Wang Yinwei , Ping Hang , Tan Tiening , Wang Wenxuan , Ma Peiyan , Xie Hao
Published: September 2019

ZnO nanosheet/CdS nanoparticle heterostructures were synthesized by a mild wet chemical reaction and displayed high hydrogen production with free Pt loading under visible light radiation.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel ruthenium(ii) trisbipyridine complex magnetic nanocomposite for the selective oxidation of phenols
Authors: Fei Zhengxin , Chen Feng , Zhong Mingqiang , Qiu Jianping , Li Weidong , Sadeghzadeh Seyed Mohsen
Published: September 2019

Anchoring ruthenium(ii) trisbipyridine complex [Ru(Bpy)3]2+ into a magnetic dendritic fibrous silica nanostructure produces an unprecedented strong nanocatalyst, FeNi3/DFNS/[Ru(Bpy)3]2+.
Environmentally friendly nanocrystalline magnesium hydride decorated with metallic glassy-zirconium palladium nanopowders for fuel cell applications
Authors: El-Eskandarany M. Sherif , Banyan Mohammad , Al-Ajmi Fahad
Published: September 2019

A new solid-state hydrogen storage system of magnesium hydride (MgH2) doped with 5 wt% of metallic glassy (MG) zirconium palladium (Zr2Pd) nanopowder was fabricated using a high-energy ball milling technique.
Unorthodox synthesis, biological activity and DFT studies of novel and multifunctionalized naphthoxocine derivatives
Authors: Abozeid Mohamed Ahmed , El-Sawi Aya Atef , Elmorsy Mohamed Ramadan , Abdelmoteleb Mohamed , Hassan Abdel-Rahman Abdel-Rahman , Ibrahim El-Desoky El-Sayed
Published: September 2019

A new promising protocol has been developed for the synthesis of scarce oxocine derivatives through addition of amine-based nucleophiles to chromonylidene benzothiazol-2-ylacetonitrile under metal free reaction conditions in moderate to good yields.
Influence of coordinating groups of organotin compounds on the Fries rearrangement of diphenyl carbonate
Authors: Liu Tao , Yuan Xiaoxue , Zhang Gang , Zeng Yi , Chen Tong , Wang Gongying
Published: September 2019

In this paper, the Fries rearrangement of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) catalyzed by organotin compounds with different coordination groups was studied for the first time.
CO2-induced single-crystal to single-crystal transformations of an interpenetrated flexible MOF explained by in situ crystallographic analysis and molecular modeling
Authors: Hazra Arpan , van Heerden Dewald P. , Sanyal Somananda , Lama Prem , Esterhuysen Catharine , Barbour Leonard J.
Published: September 2019

A flexible twofold interpenetrated MOF reversibly switches between closed, narrow and large pore forms. In situ crystallographic analysis of a narrow-pore intermediate phase provides a detailed explanation of a plateau observed during desorption.
Whispering gallery mode lasing in mesomorphic liquid crystal microdroplets
Authors: Sofi Junaid Ahmad , Barthakur Abinash , Dhara Surajit
Published: September 2019

In recent years, investigation on the non-display applications of liquid crystals has increased considerably. One of the emerging applications is whispering gallery mode (WGM) lasing.
Nickel nitride–black phosphorus heterostructure nanosheets for boosting the electrocatalytic activity towards the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wu Tong , Zhang Shaoning , Bu Kejun , Zhao Wei , Bi Qingyuan , Lin Tianquan , Huang Jian , Li Yongsheng , Huang Fuqiang
Published: September 2019

The extraordinary oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline fuel cells and water-splitting systems demands a high electron transfer rate and catalysts with numerous active sites and massive hydroxyl groups.
Charge transfer modulation in layer-by-layer-assembled multilayered photoanodes for solar water oxidation
Authors: Hou Shuo , Dai Xiao-Cheng , Li Yu-Bing , Huang Ming-Hui , Li Tao , Wei Zhi-Quan , He Yunhui , Xiao Guangcan , Xiao Fang-Xing
Published: September 2019

Two spatially separated charge transfer channels were constructed in multilayered photoanodes for efficient solar water oxidation under both simulated and visible light irradiation.
A wet adhesion strategy via synergistic cation–π and hydrogen bonding interactions of antifouling zwitterions and mussel-inspired binding moieties
Authors: Xie Lei , Gong Lu , Zhang Jiawen , Han Linbo , Xiang Li , Chen Jingsi , Liu Jifang , Yan Bin , Zeng Hongbo
Published: September 2019

An orientation-mediated zwitterion–Dopa binding mechanism is established as a promising wet adhesion strategy to design zwitterion–Dopa-mediated adhesive materials.
A dual-phase Li–Ca alloy with a patternable and lithiophilic 3D framework for improving lithium anode performance
Authors: Jia Weishang , Wang Zihao , Li Jingze , Yu Xiqian , Wei Yifan , Yao Zeyu , Liu Yuchi , Wang Ying , Zhou Aijun , Zou Wei , Zhou Fu , Li Hong
Published: September 2019

A dual-phase alloy with regular patterns as an advanced Li anode is prepared by a facile one-step fusion method for effectively suppressing Li dendrite growth and mitigating volume variation.
A blood cell repelling and tumor cell capturing surface for high-purity enrichment of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Li Tong , Li Nan , Ma Yao , Bai Yun-Jie , Xing Cheng-Mei , Gong Yong-Kuan
Published: September 2019

A red blood cell membrane mimetic surface decorated with FA and RGD ligands can efficiently capture tumor cells with high selectivity.
Fine-grain induced outstanding energy storage performance in novel Bi0.5K0.5TiO3–Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics via a hot-pressing strategy
Authors: Li Feng , Hou Xu , Li Tianyu , Si Renjun , Wang Chunchang , Zhai Jiwei
Published: September 2019

Fine-grain induced ultrahigh energy storage density and fast discharge speed in novel Bi0.5K0.5TiO3–Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics via a hot-pressing strategy.
The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG
Authors: Borsa F. , Rainer M. , Bonomo A. S. , Barbato D. , Fossati L. , Malavolta L. , Nascimbeni V. , Lanza A. F. , Esposito M. , Affer L. , Andreuzzi G. , Benatti S. , Biazzo K. , Bignamini A. , Brogi M. , Carleo I. , Claudi R. , Cosentino R. , Covino E. , Damasso M. , Desidera S. , Garrido Rubio A. , Giacobbe P. , González-Álvarez E. , Harutyunyan A. , Knapic C. , Leto G. , Ligi R. , Maggio A. , Maldonado J. , Mancini L. , Fiorenzano A. F. M. , Masiero S. , Micela G. , Molinari E. , Pagano I. , Pedani M. , Piotto G. , Pino L. , Poretti E. , Scandariato G. , Smareglia R. , Sozzetti A.
Published: September 2019

Aims. In the framework of the GAPS project, we observed the planet-hosting star KELT-9 (A-type star, v sin i ~ 110 km s−1) with the HARPS-N spectrograph at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. In this work we analyse the spectra and the extracted radial velocities to constrain the physical parameters of the system and to detect the planetary atmosphere of KELT-9b.

Methods. We extracted the mean stellar line profiles from the high-resolution optical spectra via an analysis based on the least-squares deconvolution technique. Then we computed the stellar radial velocities with a method optimised for fast rotators by fitting the mean stellar line profile with a purely rotational profile instead of using a Gaussian function.

Results. The new spectra and analysis led us to update the orbital and physical parameters of the system, improving in particular the value of the planetary mass to Mp = 2.88 ± 0.35 MJup. We discovered an anomalous in-transit radial velocity deviation from the theoretical Rossiter-McLaughlin effect solution, calculated from the projected spin-orbit angle λ = −85.78 ± 0.46 degrees measured with Doppler tomography. We prove that this deviation is caused by the planetary atmosphere of KELT-9b, thus we call this effect Atmospheric Rossiter-McLaughlin effect. By analysing the magnitude of the radial velocity anomaly, we obtained information on the extension of the planetary atmosphere as weighted by the model used to retrieve the stellar mean line profiles, which is up to 1.22 ± 0.02 Rp.

Conclusions. The Atmospheric Rossiter-McLaughlin effect will be observable for other exoplanets whose atmosphere has non-negligible correlation with the stellar mask used to retrieve the radial velocities, in particular ultra-hot Jupiters with iron in their atmospheres. The duration and amplitude of the effect will depend not only on the extension of the atmosphere, but also on the in-transit planetary radial velocities and on the projected rotational velocity of the parent star.
An extremely X-ray weak blazar at z = 5
Authors: Belladitta S. , Moretti A. , Caccianiga A. , Ghisellini G. , Cicone C. , Sbarrato T. , Ighina L. , Pedani M.
Published: September 2019

We present the discovery and properties of DES J014132.4−542749.9 (DES0141−54), a new powerful radio-loud active galactic nucleus (AGN) in the early Universe (z = 5.0). It was discovered by cross-matching the first data release of the Dark Energy Survey (DES DR1) with the Sidney University Molonglo Survey (SUMSS) radio catalog at 0.843 GHz. This object is the first radio-loud AGN at high redshift discovered in the DES. The radio properties of DES0141−54, namely its very large radio-loudness (R >  104), the high radio luminosity (L0.8 GHz = 1.73 × 1028 W Hz−1), and the flatness of the radio spectrum (α = 0.35) up to very high frequencies (120 GHz in the source’s rest frame), classify this object as a blazar, meaning, a radio-loud AGN observed along the relativistic jet axis. However, the X-ray luminosity of DES0141−54 is much lower compared to those of the high redshift (z ≥ 4.5) blazars discovered so far. Moreover its X-ray-to-radio luminosity ratio (log( L[0.5-10] keV / L1.4 GHz) = 9.96±0.30
Hz) is small also when compared to lower redshift blazars: only 2% of the low-z population has a similar ratio. By modeling the spectral energy distribution we found that this peculiar X-ray weakness and the powerful radio emission could be related to a particularly high value of the magnetic field. Finally, the mass of the central black hole is relatively small (MBH = 3−8 × 108 M⊙) compared to other confirmed blazars at similar redshift, making DES0141−54 the radio-loud AGN that host the smallest supermassive black hole ever discovered at z ≥ 5.
Flat oyster fishery management during a time with fluctuating population size
Authors: Nielsen Pernille , Petersen Jens Kjerulf
Published: September 2019

Wild populations of the native European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) are nowadays rare. Worldwide, flat oyster populations have declined due to overexploitation, diseases and pollution. Yet, in the Limfjorden, Denmark, a small but persistent population of wild flat oyster have endured for more than 165 years, which has sustained a unique fishery on wild oyster beds. Over time, fluctuations in the wild population size has had implications for the fishery, alternating between a large population with high yields, and too small to withstand a fishery. The flat oyster fishery has been alleged to cause these unpredictable fluctuations in the population. However, the combined effect of natural variation (e.g. water temperature) and the fishery has not been investigated. Here we indicate that summer water temperature is an important factor causing fluctuations in the flat oyster population, thought to be due to its influence on recruitment success. Whereas the fishery often constitutes a minor part of the net oyster mortality. We found a positive correlation between summer water temperature and increased oyster landings ≥5 years later. Our results demonstrate the importance of adaptive management for the oyster fishery in the Limfjorden, which has ensured the survival of the flat oyster population, even when the oyster population has been low. These results highlight that management based on annual stock assessments, closed areas with brood stock, and dynamic annual total allowable catch, can ensure the persistence of an endangered oyster species and support a sustainable fishery.
Les développements éoliens au large des côtes françaises
Introduction à la journée technique du 06 décembre 2018
Authors: Berthelot Patrick , Puech Alain , Ropers Françoise
Published: September 2019

Le développement de fermes éoliennes au large des côtes françaises est entré dans une phase active. Cette communication résume brièvement les projets en cours et l’état du marché fin 2018. Pour pallier l’absence de documents normatifs nationaux, le CFMS a mis en place en 2013 un Groupe de Travail ayant pour mission d’élaborer des « Recommandations pour la conception et le dimensionnement des fondations d’éoliennes offshore ». Le cadre du document présenté le 06 décembre à la communauté géotechnique française est rappelé et ses spécificités sont soulignées. Une attention particulière a été portée aux conditions spécifiques des sols et roches rencontrés sur le plateau continental français ainsi qu’au dimensionnement de pieux forés et cimentés qui est peu couvert par les réglementations internationales en usage dans l’industrie offshore. L’après-midi du 06 décembre était consacrée à des communications techniques sur trois projets majeurs de R&D : PISA, ALPACA et SOLCYP+.
The response of clay plaster to temperature and RH sinusoidal variations
Authors: Cascione Valeria , Lim Denise , Maskell Daniel , Shea Andy , Walker Pete
Published: September 2019

Hygroscopic finishing materials can be used to moderate indoor humidity levels; they have the capacity to adsorb and release moisture from and to the surrounding air, depending on the indoor relative humidity levels. To determine the moisture buffering properties of materials several protocols have been introduced. However, testing procedures are based on a time-response method, where humidity variations are under a square wave function and temperature remains constant. Therefore, the ability of these methods to simulate material behaviour under real conditions, where cyclical humidity variations are more gradual, and temperature is variable, has been called into question. The aim of this study is to perform a standard moisture buffering test, by substituting the step-variation method, with a sinusoidal humidity function at different temperatures. Clay has been used to perform the tests in a climatic chamber, where a small increase of relative humidity have been set, in order to obtain a quasi-sinusoidal curve. The relative humidity variation are limited by low humidity (33% RH) and high humidity (75% RH) and temperature variation between 18 °C and 28 °C. Materials tested present a lag in the response to the peak relative humidity to peak mass gain, which suggests an alternative way to consider the rate of sorption and the moisture storage function. The significance of the paper is to develop a laboratory test that can be more readily compared with the behaviour real buildings, which operate under more of a sine waveform
Overheating mitigation in buildings: a computational exploration of the potential of phase change materials
Authors: Hodzic Nedim , Pont Ulrich , Tahmasebi Fahrang , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: September 2019

Phase change materials (PCMs) can store and release thermal energy. The energy is stored when the material goes through a solid-to-liquid phase change, and released in the reverse process. Such materials can contribute to the mitigation of overheating in buildings, if their melting and solidification temperatures are in a suitable range. The present contribution entails a computational examination of this potential as relevant to overheating mitigation in typical residential units in the Central European context of Vienna, Austria. Thereby, multiple variations of PCM application (size, thickness, location, and application thickness) under different contextual settings (fenestration and insulation, boundary conditions in terms of weather) were simulated and comparatively evaluated. Results indicate that certain PCM application configurations can significantly influence indoor thermal condition. For instance, PCM elements with larger surface areas displayed a more pronounced effect as compared to bulkier elements with smaller surface areas. Likewise, ceiling-integrated PCM application was found to be more effective that those involving other room surfaces. The results also highlight the importance of rooms ventilation regime if the PCM application potential toward overheating mitigation is to be effectively harvested.
Predicting the hygrothermal behaviour of building components using neural networks
Authors: Tijskens Astrid , Roels Staf , Janssen Hans
Published: September 2019

Increasing the energy efficiency of the existing building stock can be accomplished by adding thermal insulation to the building envelope. In case of historic buildings with massive walls, internal insulation is often the only feasible post-insulation technique. Drawback of internal insulation is the modified hygrothermal response of the wall, which can result in moisture damage. Hence, it is crucial to assess the risk of damage accurately beforehand. Given the many uncertainties involved, a probabilistic assessment is advisable. This, however, would require thousands of simulations, which easily becomes computationally inhibitive. To overcome this time-efficiency issue, this paper proposes the use of neural networks to replace the original hygrothermal model. The neural network is trained on a small data set obtained from the hygrothermal model and can subsequently be used to predict the hygrothermal behaviour of building components with different boundary conditions and geometry. The transient nature of the hygrothermal behaviour requires a neural network type which can handle long-range time-dependencies. In the past, recurrent neural networks were often used for this type of data. Recently however, results indicate that convolutional neural networks can outperform recurrent neural networks on such tasks. This paper compares the prediction accuracy and training time of both neural network types for the prediction of the hygrothermal behaviour of building components.
Calculation method to determine capillary properties of building materials with automatic free water intake test
Authors: Tuominen Eero , Vinha Juha
Published: September 2019

The water absorption coefficient and capillary saturation water content are common building physical material properties. This paper presents a calculation method to determine these values with an automated free water intake test arrangement. Buoyancy affects weighing results in the automatic measurement and it is recommended to take these factors into account when deriving the real water intake of a specimen. A new mathematical method is presented and trial experiments have been conducted. The method is proven to work with the polymer modified plaster, concrete, autoclaved aerated concrete and lightweight aggregate concrete, which represent materials from both extremes of capillary activity. The functionality and advantages of the test arrangement for both low and high suction materials are presented.
A novel and flexible test setup to measure the vapour diffusion resistance of building materials and wall components
Authors: Vereecken Evy , Van De Walle Wouter , Roels Staf
Published: September 2019

A novel test setup and procedure to measure the vapour diffusion resistance of building materials and components are presented. In this test setup, a vapour flux across the test sample is induced by cooling down one of the sample’s surfaces by a cooling plate. The cooling plate also acts as a vapour tight plane and hence condensation is created. The vapour diffusion resistance is, via a Glaser-based calculation, inferred from the mass of condensation. Benefits of the novel procedure are its applicability to building components such as masonry, CLT, etc., and its larger flexibility in respect to the boundary conditions. The non-isothermal approach allows the induction of a large (and thus measurable) vapour flux while a quasi-constant relative humidity across the sample can be imposed. In the paper, the novel method is validated based on a bituminous impregnated fibreboard with known diffusion resistance. Thereafter, the method is applied to a masonry wall, showing the importance of diffusion measurements on the component level.
Methods for determination of acoustic properties of building materials
Authors: Fiala Lukáš , Konrád Petr , Černý Robert
Published: September 2019

Experimental determination of acoustic properties of building materials is an important task gaining higher importance due to demand for materials suitable for constructions located in places with high level of noise, typically in urban areas and places close to the areas with heavy traffic. In this paper, two types of experimental setups are arranged, and tested on steel prism and brick block. Transmitter-receiver method is based on exciting the tested material by one period of harmonic signal and analysis of response on two accelerometers placed on the excited and the opposite side of the sample. The second method is based on measurement of the sound pressure level in a system of two reverberation chambers by precise microphones and vibration analyzer. Transmitter-receiver measurement conducted on steel sample revealed the fact that further adjustment of the measurement setup and successive analysis is necessary. Measurement in reverberation chambers is convenient for comparison of acoustic insulation ability of heterogeneous building materials.
Calculation of cost-optimal combination of building materials and technical systems for nZEB single-family house using global cost calculation method
Authors: Gendelis Staņislavs , Miķelsons Mikus , Jakovičs Andris , Bredovskis Edgars
Published: September 2019

As a rule, during the design stage of a single-family house, only initial costs are taken into account and optimised. Long-term financial calculations are usually not even made. At the same time, total costs to design, build and operate the building show a real difference in expenses while living in this house. In the case of nearly zero energy buildings (nZEBs), this global cost approach becomes especially useful because of the strict requirements of heating and primary energy, as well as the compulsory use of renewable energy sources, requiring more detailed and comprehensive calculations of a cost-optimal set of solutions. In this study, a nZEB single-family house is analysed in detail using a comparative global cost calculation methodology. Different insulation materials and construction types, as well as two types of windows and various heating systems, are combined to obtain the same calculated annual energy consumption. The economic calculations of each combination are carried out for the calculation period of 30 years, taking into account expected energy price increase, discount rate, etc. These calculations show the cost-optimal variants, allowing the prediction of a more advantageous selection of materials and system use in a nZEB in terms of the real operation costs.
Parametric study on the hygrothermal performance of timber frame walls with external airtightness membranes in a temperate maritime climate
Authors: Marincioni Valentina , Lorenzetti Federico , Altamirano-Medina Hector
Published: September 2019

In recent years, external airtightness membranes have become an option for timber frame wall systems, as they allow high levels of air- and wind-tightness with an easy installation and provide rainwater protection during construction. This opens up the option of removing the internal air and vapour control layer. However, the hygrothermal risks associated to this option could be higher than in conventional construction, because vapour transfer can occur from the indoor environment into the timber frame wall not just via diffusion but also advection. This can lead to moisture accumulation and mould growth risk within the wall structure. This paper presents a parametric study that aims at identifying the moisture risk when external airtightness membranes are installed on a timber frame wall in a temperate maritime climate. The parametric study considered the two-dimensional heat, air and moisture transfer within a timber frame wall. Parameters having higher influence on moisture risk were identified and should be considered when designing robust wall systems.
Evaluating the potential of freeze-thaw damage in internally insulated masonry under climate change using different models
Authors: Sahyoun Sahar , Ge Hua , Defo Maurice , Lacasse Michael
Published: September 2019

To mitigate the effects of climate change, higher insulation levels in buildings are mandated by the National Energy Code for Buildings. However, increased insulation levels within building envelopes may lead to a greater risk of moisture problems. With a changing climate, higher rainfall intensity, stronger winds and more storms are expected, which may increase wind-driven rain loads on façade and risks for rain penetration damages of building envelopes. This paper aims to present results of the effects of climate change on the freeze-thaw damage risk of internally insulated brick masonry walls of buildings in different Canadian cities, using different freeze-thaw models. Freeze-thaw damage was evaluated using different freeze-thaw models. Simulations were performed using DELPHIN 5.9.4. Results showed potential risk to freeze-thaw in Montreal and Vancouver after retrofit. Under climate change, Winnipeg has the lowest risk to frost damage, though damage functions showed an increase in the level of severity. Comparing the results of different models under a changing climate, the damage functions seemed in a good agreement for most of the cases, except for the Indicative Freeze-Thaw Cycles (IFTC) evaluated in St-Johns. This model counts the number of freeze-thaw cycles based on short duration of freezing and thawing and therefore does not consider longer freeze-thaw period.
Reliability and adequacy of current watertightness test standards used to evaluate the performance of façades
Authors: Arce Recatala Maria , García Morales Soledad , Van den Bossche Nathan
Published: September 2019

Watertightness test standards are used to evaluate enclosure components in terms of water penetration resistance. Currently, there is a wide variety of watertightness tests in use for façades elements and wall systems. However, recent research has revealed many inconsistencies in the possibility of current test standards to reproduce real exposure conditions. As such, the main test parameters specified in watertightness test standards have been called into question. Nonetheless, these studies do not pay attention to the protocols and the technical specifications incorporated in the test standards. Neither to the influence that these aspects could have on the watertightness results. The present paper provides a general overview of current watertightness tests standards from around the world. Thereafter, a thorough comparison of the technical specifications incorporated in the protocols of the test standards has been carried out. Finally, an evaluation and discussion of some parameters suggested in the tests standards is undertaken based on the state of the art and laboratory experiments over diverse mock-ups.
Comparison between calculated and billed building energy consumption values of schools and daycare centers
Authors: Ruusala Annu , Laukkarinen Anssi , Vinha Juha
Published: September 2019

In many countries, building regulations set requirements for energy efficiency, which must be fulfilled in order to have a building permit. Because the actual building does not yet exist, the calculations are done in the early design phase with approximate input data. This paper presents results from dynamic whole-building simulations and compares the results to monthly calculation results, billed energy consumption and to a small number of central building energy efficiency parameters. According to the results, using a more sophisticated calculation tool does not necessarily improve the accuracy of the calculation results, if the capabilities of the tool are not properly utilised. Although there was a clear difference between the calculated and billed values, lower calculated energy consumption did correlate with lower billed values. Besides the need for extra effort to ensure accurate input data in general, input values related to infiltration and ventilation should be evaluated especially carefully.