bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Fine-Grained Traffic Conditions via Spatio-Temporal LSTM
Authors: Wei Xiaojuan , Li Jinglin , Yuan Quan , Chen Kaihui , Zhou Ao , Yang Fangchun
Published: January 2019

Predicting traffic conditions for road segments is the prelude of working on intelligent transportation. Many existing methods can be used for short-term or long-term traffic prediction, but they focus more on regions than on road segments. The lack of fine-grained traffic predicting approach hinders the development of ITS. Therefore, MapLSTM, a spatio-temporal long short-term memory network preluded by map-matching, is proposed in this paper to predict fine-grained traffic conditions. MapLSTM first obtains the historical and real-time traffic conditions of road segments via map-matching. Then LSTM is used to predict the conditions of the corresponding road segments in the future. Breaking the single-index forecasting, MapLSTM can predict the vehicle speed, traffic volume, and the travel time in different directions of road segments simultaneously. Experiments confirmed MapLSTM can not only achieve prediction for road segments based a large scale of GPS trajectories effectively but also have higher predicting accuracy than GPR and ConvLSTM. Moreover, we demonstrate that MapLSTM can serve various applications in a lightweight way, such as cognizing driving preferences, learning navigation, and inferring traffic emissions.
The Role of Access to a Regular Primary Care Physician in Mediating Immigration-Based Disparities in Colorectal Screening: Application of Multiple Mediation Methods
Authors: Blair Alexandra , Gauvin Lise , Schnitzer Mireille E. , Datta Geetanjali D.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Colorectal cancer screening participation is lower among recent immigrants than among Canadian-born individuals. We assessed whether this screening disparity is mediated by access to regular primary care physicians (PCP).

Methods:

Pooling years 2003 to 2014 of the Canadian Community Health Survey, lifetime screening in respondents aged 50 to 75 years of age who immigrated in the previous 10 years (n = 1,067) was compared with Canadian-born respondents (N = 102,366). Regression- and inverse probability weighting-based methods were used to estimate the total effect (TE) and controlled direct effect (CDE) of recent immigration on never having received either a stool- or endoscopic-based screening test. The proportion of the TE that would be eliminated if all had a PCP was computed using these estimates [proportion eliminated (PE) = (TE − CDE)/(TE − 1)]. Analyses were stratified by visible minority status and adjusted for income, rurality, age, sex, marital status, education, and exposure to a provincially organized colorectal screening program.

Results:

The prevalence of never having been screened was 71% and 57% in visible minority and white recent immigrants, respectively, and 46% in white Canadian-born respondents. If all had regular PCPs, there would be no reduction in the screening inequality between white recent immigrants and Canadian-born (null PE), and the inequality between visible minority immigrants and white Canadian-born may increase by 6% to 13%.

Conclusions:

Ensuring all have regular PCPs may lead to greater screening gains among Canadian-born than recent immigrants.

Impact:

Improving access to PCPs may increase colorectal screening overall, but not reduce immigration-based disparities screening. Alternative interventions to reduce this disparity should be explored.
Aspirin Does Not Prevent Pancreatic Cancer in a Large Asian Cohort
Authors: Kim Min-Hyung , Park Sang Min , Yun Young Ho , Hwang In Cheol
Published: January 2019

Background:

Evidence has suggested that aspirin reduces the incidence of several cancers, but these benefits may not occur with pancreatic cancer.

Methods:

A 12-year nationwide longitudinal cohort merged with the health checkup data was divided into “exposure ascertainment period” and “outcome ascertainment period” to avoid immortal time bias. The daily defined dose system was used to indicate the drug exposure.

Results:

We found no significant association between aspirin use and incident pancreatic cancer based on HR.

Conclusions:

Aspirin does not prevent pancreatic cancer.

Impact:

A large Asian cohort study with reliable medication information affirms no impact of aspirin on pancreatic cancer development.
No Cell Left Unturned: Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm Heterogeneity
Authors: Hernandez-Barco Yasmin G. , Bardeesy Nabeel , Ting David T.
Published: January 2019

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a pancreatic cancer precursor lesion with established genetic features, but the cellular ecosystem of these tumors remains to be fully characterized. This study utilizes single-cell RNA sequencing to describe the dynamic landscape of epithelial, immune, and stromal cells during IPMN progression to invasive cancer.

See related article by Bernard et al., p. 2194
Immunotherapy for the First-Line Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Martinez Pablo , Peters Solange , Stammers Timothy , Soria Jean-Charles
Published: January 2019

Immunotherapy has fundamentally changed the treatment landscape for many patients with cancer. mAbs targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen-4 immune checkpoints have received regulatory approval across a wide range of tumor types, including non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Indeed, treatment approaches for a majority of patients with newly diagnosed metastatic NSCLC are evolving rapidly. Only for the small proportion of patients with metastatic NSCLC and genomic-driven tumors with EGFR or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)–sensitizing mutations (5%–15%), and possibly BRAF mutations and ROS rearrangements, have initial treatment recommendations remained unchanged, with specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors as the preferred therapy. For the remaining patients, an immunotherapy-based regimen alone or in combination with chemotherapy is now the preferred option based on high-level evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials and in accordance with all available guidelines. Deciding between therapeutic options can be difficult due to the lack of direct cross-comparison studies, differences in chemotherapies and stratification factors, and differences in study populations resulting from inclusion criteria such as histology, PD-L1 expression, or tumor mutational burden (TMB). In an attempt to aid the decision-making process, we discuss and summarize the most recent data from studies using immunotherapies for the treatment of patients with previously untreated metastatic NSCLC.
Blackout Poetry: uma poética do corte como rasura
Authors: Pereira Vinicius Carvalho
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo discute a poética do corte perpetrada por Austin Kleon no seu projeto de blackout poetry, em que poemas experimentais são produzidos a partir da rasura de notícias de jornal. Apresentando similaridades com a proposta de Tristan Tzara no último manifesto dadaísta, os poemas em blecaute põem em questão uma produção artística que se dá por excisão, e não por adição, o que subverte os paradigmas mais tradicionais de interpretação de textos literários.
Dossiê Leitores e leituras na contemporaneidade – aspectos e questões
Authors: Hossne Andrea Saad , Nakagome Patrícia Trindade
Published: January 2019

O conjunto de textos que se segue advém de um trabalho coletivo promovido pelo Grupo de Pesquisa Leitores e Leituras na Contemporaneidade, coordenado por nós, e que se desdobra em várias frentes, uma delas sendo a promoção de Jornadas nas quais se busca criar um espaço de diálogo e intercâmbio de ideias, propostas e experiências entre docentes (da educação básica ao ensino superior), pesquisadores, formadores de leitores e mediadores de leitura em instâncias diversas (bibliotecas, editores etc.), e leitores, tendo por eixo questões como a formação de leitores, a leitura, o ensino de literatura, a educação básica, a formação de professores, a crítica, o contexto digital, entre outras. Até o momento, ocorreram três Jornadas Leitores e Leituras na Contemporaneidade (novembro de 2016, maio e outubro de 2017), nas quais formatos já consagrados, como mesas-redondas temáticas, palestras, mesas simultâneas de apresentação de trabalhos inscritos conviveram com propostas inovadoras de formatos de debates, sempre congregando vozes oriundas de diferentes experiências – professores universitários, críticos, youtubers, escritores, docentes da educação básica, editores – na busca de um efetivo espaço plural, de diálogo, intercâmbios e dissensos produtivos.
O capítulo 19 de São Bernardo: fusão, transfusão, confusão
Authors: Gimenez Erwin Torralbo
Published: January 2019

O estudo procura observar, em termos críticos, os traços do realismo deformador em São Bernardo, de Graciliano Ramos. Centra-se, para tanto, na análise de um fragmento: o capítulo 19. Como núcleo das tensões que caracterizam o romance, tal passagem apanha na forma o movimento dramático entre a matéria e o sujeito sob uma perspectiva desfi-guradora. Em seu desenho, o capítulo apreende a síntese de todo o enredo com três lan-ces: perplexidade na enunciação das vivências; embaralhamento dos tempos em estado de delírio; volta sem escape ao escuro presente.
NPR-C (Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-C) Modulates the Progression of Angiotensin II–Mediated Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Remodeling in Mice
Authors: Jansen Hailey J. , Mackasey Martin , Moghtadaei Motahareh , Liu Yingjie , Kaur Jaspreet , Egom Emmanuel E. , Tuomi Jari M. , Rafferty Sara A. , Kirkby Adam W. , Rose Robert A.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Atrial fibrillation (AF) commonly occurs in hypertension and in association with elevated Ang II (angiotensin II) levels. The specific mechanisms underlying Ang II–mediated AF are unclear, and interventions to prevent the effects of Ang II are lacking. NPs (natriuretic peptides), which elicit their effects through specific NP receptors, including NPR-C (natriuretic peptide receptor-C), are cardioprotective hormones that affect cardiac structure and function.

Methods:

This study used wild-type and NPR-C knockout (NPR-C
−/
−
) mice to investigate the effects of Ang II (3 mg/kg per day for 3 weeks) on AF susceptibility and atrial function using in vivo electrophysiology, high-resolution optical mapping, patch clamping, and molecular biology. In some experiments, wild-type mice were cotreated with Ang II and the NPR-C agonist cANF (0.07–0.14 mg/kg per day) for 3 weeks.

Results:

In wild-type mice, Ang II increased susceptibility to AF in association with a prolongation of P-wave duration, increased atrial refractory period, and slowed atrial conduction. These effects were exacerbated in Ang II–treated NPR-C
−/−
mice. Ang II prolonged action potential duration and reduced action potential upstroke velocity (V
max
). These effects were greater in left atrial myocytes from Ang II–treated NPR-C
−/−
mice. Ang II also increased fibrosis in both atria in wild-type mice, whereas Ang II–treated NPR-C
−/−
mice exhibited substantially higher fibrosis throughout the atria. Fibrotic responses were associated with changes in expression of profibrotic genes, including
TGFβ
and
TIMP1
. Cotreating wild-type mice with Ang II and the NPR-C agonist cANF dose dependently reduced AF inducibility by preventing some of the Ang II–induced changes in atrial myocyte electrophysiology and preventing fibrosis throughout the atria.

Conclusions:

NPR-C may represent a new target for the prevention of Ang II–induced AF via protective effects on atrial electrical and structural remodeling.
Genetic Association Study in Multigenerational Kindreds With Vasovagal Syncope
Authors: Sheldon Robert , Rose M. Sarah , Ritchie Debbie , Martens Kristina , Maxey Connor , Jagers Jennie , Parboosingh Jillian , Gerull Brenda
Published: January 2019

Background:

Several studies suggest that vasovagal syncope has a genetic origin, but this is unclear. We assessed whether plausible gene variants associate with vasovagal syncope.

Methods:

We studied 160 subjects in 9 kindreds comprising 82 fainters and 78 controls. The diagnosis was ascertained with the Calgary Syncope Score. Common genetic variants were genotyped for 12 genes for vascular signaling, potassium channels, the
HTR1A
(serotonin 5-HT1A receptor),
SLC6A4
(serotonin reuptake transporter), and
COMT
(catecholamine O-methyltransferase). Sex-specific associations between genotypes and phenotypes were tested.

Results:

In 9 out of 12 variants, there was no significant association between genotype and phenotype. However, the
HTR1A
(−1019) G alleles associated with syncope in males, but not in females (
P
=0.005). CC and GG males had 9% versus 77% likelihoods of syncope. The
SLC6A4
promoter L alleles associated with decreased syncope in males but increased in females (
P
=0.059). The LL and SS males had 25% and 47% syncope likelihoods, whereas females had 75% and 50% syncope likelihoods. The
COMT
c.472 A alleles associated with decreased syncope in males but increased in females (
P
=0.017). The GG and AA males had 50% and 15% syncope likelihoods, whereas females had 52% and 73% syncope likelihoods.

Conclusions:

There is a sex-dependent effect of alleles of serotonin signaling and vasovagal syncope, supporting the serotonin hypothesis of the physiology of vasovagal syncope.
Preparedness and Mutuality Affect Quality of Life for Patients With Mechanical Circulatory Support and Their Caregivers
Authors: Magasi Susan , Buono Sarah , Yancy Clyde W. , Ramirez Ricardo D. , Grady Kathleen L.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Clinical and US regulatory guidelines for patients with mechanical circulatory support (MCS) require the identification of a caregiver to assist with MCS care. There is limited understanding of the impact of MCS caregiving on patients and caregivers. The purpose of this study was to examine how living with MCS affects the quality of life (QoL) of patients and their caregivers through the lens of preparedness and mutuality.

Methods and Results:

The sample included 30 MCS patients and their caregivers. Semistructured qualitative interviews about factors contributing to QoL were conducted with patients and caregivers and analyzed using a 2-phase thematic process. Caregiving impacts QoL of MCS patients and their caregivers long term. When there was limited time to engage in decision-making about MCS implantation, people entered MCS caregiving relationships naive to its full demands. Although most people adjusted to the task demands, MCS caregiving had a significant impact, both positive and negative, on interpersonal relationships. We applied the concepts of preparedness and mutuality to help frame the understanding of the emergent themes of forced choice, adjustment, gratitude, relationship change, strain, and burden (both caregiver and patient perceived). Availability of networks of support was identified as a crucial resource.

Conclusions:

MCS caregiving affects QoL for both patients and caregivers. Specifically, preparedness, mutuality, and availability of supportive networks influence QoL of MCS patients and their caregivers. Caregiving relationships change over time. Long-term support by the MCS clinical team can help ensure that physical and emotional needs of MCS patients and caregivers are identified and addressed.
Association of Body Mass Index With Risk Factor Optimization and Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy in US Veterans With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Hira Ravi S. , Kataruka Akash , Akeroyd Julia M. , Ramsey David J. , Pokharel Yashashwi , Gurm Hitinder S. , Nasir Khurram , Deswal Anita , Jneid Hani , Alam Mahboob , Ballantyne Christie M. , Petersen Laura A. , Virani Salim S.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Obesity is a growing epidemic that has been linked to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Guideline-directed medications for secondary prevention and risk factor control are recommended for patients with all forms of CVD. The association of body mass index (BMI) with use of medications for secondary prevention and risk factor control in patients with CVD are poorly understood.

Methods and Results:

We identified 1 122 567 patients with CVD receiving care in 130 Veterans Affairs facilities from October 1, 2013, to September 30, 2014. Five groups were stratified by BMI—underweight (BMI, <18.5 kg/m
2
), normal (BMI, 18.5–24.9 kg/m
2
), overweight (BMI, 25–29.9 kg/m
2
), obese (BMI, 30–39.9 kg/m
2
), and extremely obese (BMI, ≥40 kg/m
2
). A composite of 4 measures—blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg, hemoglobin A1c ≤9% in diabetic patients, statin use, and antiplatelet use—termed optimal medial therapy (OMT) was compared among groups. Multivariable logistic regression was performed with normal BMI as the referent category. Underweight patients comprised 12 623 (1.1%), normal BMI 230 471 (20.5%), overweight 413 590 (36.8%), obese 404 105 (36%), and extremely obese 61 778 (5.5%) of the cohort. Only 43.7% of the entire cohort received OMT, and this was the highest in the overweight group. Adjusted odds ratios for receiving OMT were 0.81 (95% CI, 0.77–0.85), 1.11 (95% CI, 1.10–1.13), 1.08 (95% CI, 1.06–1.09), and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.85–0.89), for patients who were underweight, overweight, obese, and extremely obese, respectively, compared with normal BMI.

Conclusions:

OMT was low in the entire cohort. There is an inverse U-shaped relationship between OMT and BMI with patients who are underweight and extremely obese less likely to receive OMT compared with patients with normal BMI.
Dietary Fats in Relation to Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of 521 120 Individuals With 16 Years of Follow-Up
Authors: Zhuang Pan , Zhang Yu , He Wei , Chen Xiaoqian , Chen Jingnan , He Lilin , Mao Lei , Wu Fei , Jiao Jingjing
Published: January 2019

Rationale:

Evidence linking saturated fat intake with cardiovascular health is controversial. The associations of unsaturated fats with total and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality remain inconsistent, and data about non-CVD mortality are limited.

Objective:

To assess dietary fat intake in relation to total and cause-specific mortality.

Methods and Results:

We analyzed data of 521 120 participants aged 50 to 71 years from the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study with 16 years of follow-up. Intakes of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), trans-fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were assessed via food frequency questionnaires. Hazard ratios and 95%CIs were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Overall, 129 328 deaths were documented during 7.3 million person-years of follow-up. In the replacement of carbohydrates, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of total mortality comparing extreme quintiles were 1.29 (95% CI, 1.25–1.33) for SFAs, 1.03 (1.00–1.05) for trans-fatty acids, 0.98 (0.94–1.02) for MUFAs, 1.09 (1.06–1.13) for animal MUFAs, 0.94 (0.91–0.97) for plant MUFAs, 0.93 (0.91–0.95) for PUFAs, 0.92 (0.90–0.94) for marine omega-3 PUFAs, 1.06 (1.03–1.09) for α-linolenic acid, 0.88 (0.86–0.91) for linoleic acid, and 1.10 (1.08–1.13) for arachidonic acid. CVD mortality was inversely associated with marine omega-3 PUFA intake (
P
trend <0.0001), whereas it was positively associated with SFA, trans-fatty acid, and arachidonic acid intake. Isocalorically replacing 5% of the energy from SFAs with plant MUFAs was associated with 15%, 10%, 11%, and 30% lower total mortality, CVD, cancer, and respiratory disease mortality, respectively. Isocaloric replacement of SFA with linoleic acid (2%) was associated with lower total (8%), CVD (6%), cancer (8%), respiratory disease (11%), and diabetes mellitus (9%) mortality.

Conclusions:

Intakes of SFAs, trans-fatty acids, animal MUFAs, α-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid were associated with higher mortality. Dietary intake of marine omega-3 PUFAs and replacing SFAs with plant MUFAs or linoleic acid were associated with lower total, CVD, and certain cause-specific mortality.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00340015.
B-Cell Deficiency Lowers Blood Pressure in Mice
Authors: Dingwell Luke S. , Shikatani Eric A. , Besla Rickvinder , Levy Andrew S. , Dinh Danny D. , Momen Abdul , Zhang Hangjun , Afroze Talat , Chen Michelle B. , Chiu Felix , Simmons Craig A. , Billia Filio , Gommerman Jennifer L. , John Rohan , Heximer Scott , Scholey James W. , Bolz Steffen-Sebastian , Robbins Clinton S. , Husain Mansoor
Published: January 2019

The proto-oncogene
c-myb
(and corresponding nuclear transcription factor, c-Myb) regulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematologic and vascular smooth muscle cells; however, the role of c-Myb in blood pressure regulation is unknown. Here, we show that mice homozygous for a hypomorphic
c-myb
allele (
c-myb

h/h

) conferring reduced c-Myb activity manifest reduced peripheral blood and kidney B220
+
B-cells and have decreased systolic (104±2 versus 120±1 mm Hg;
P
<0.0001) and diastolic blood pressure (71±2 versus 83±1 mm Hg;
P
<0.0001) compared with
WT
(wild type) mice. Additionally,
c-myb

h/h

mice had lower susceptibility to deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt experimental hypertension. Although cardiac (echocardiography) and resistance artery (perfusion myography) functions were normal, metabolic cage studies revealed that
c-myb

h/h

mice had increased 24-hour urine output and sodium excretion versus
WT
. Reconstitution of
WT
mice with
c-myb

h/h

bone marrow transplant and chimeric bone marrow transplant using mice lacking B-cells (
J

H

T
;
h/h>WT
and
h/h:J

H

T>WT
, respectively) decreased blood pressure and increased 24-hour urine output compared with controls (
WT>WT
;
WT:J

H

T>WT
).
J

H

T
mice also had decreased systolic (103±2 versus 115±1 mm Hg;
P
<0.0001) and diastolic blood pressure (71±2 versus 79±1;
P
<0.01) and increased 24-hour urine output versus
WT
. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of kidney medulla revealed reduced V
2
R (vasopressin receptor 2) expression in
c-myb

h/h

and
J

H

T
mice. These data implicate B-cells in the regulation of V
2
R and its associated effects on salt and water handling and blood pressure homeostasis.
Male and Female Intrauterine Growth-Restricted Offspring Differ in Blood Pressure, Renal Function, and Glucose Homeostasis Responses to a Postnatal Diet High in Fat and Sugar
Authors: Intapad Suttira , Dasinger John Henry , Johnson Jeremy M. , Brown Andrew D. , Ojeda Norma B. , Alexander Barbara T.
Published: January 2019

It is well established that inadequate nutrition during fetal life followed by postnatal overabundance programs adiposity and glucose intolerance. Studies addressing sexual dimorphism in developmental responses to a dietary mismatch are limited; the effect on blood pressure and renal function is understudied. Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that a mismatch of prenatal and postnatal nutrition heightens cardiorenal and metabolic risk, outcomes that may vary by sex. Male and female offspring from sham-operated (control) or reduced uterine perfusion dams (growth restricted) were fed regular chow or a diet high in fat and sugar (enriched diet) from weaning until 6 months of age. Male and female offspring were assessed separately; 2-way ANOVA was used to investigate interactions between intrauterine growth-restricted and enriched-diet. Blood pressure was increased in all enriched-diet groups but did not differ in enriched-diet male or female growth-restricted versus same-sex control counterparts. Glomerular filtration rate was reduced in male growth-restricted regardless of diet; a decrease exacerbated by the enriched-diet suggesting the pathogenesis of increased blood pressure induced via an enriched-diet differs between male growth-restricted versus male control. An enriched diet was associated with glucose intolerance in male and female control but not male growth-restricted; the enriched diet exacerbated glucose intolerance in female growth-restricted. Thus, these findings indicate male growth-restricted are resistant to impaired glucose homeostasis, whereas female growth-restricted are susceptible to metabolic dysfunction regardless of postnatal diet. Hence, moderation of fat and sugar intake may be warranted in those born low birth weight to ensure minimal risk for chronic disease.
Encephalopathy in a Large Cohort of British Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy Patients
Authors: Drazyk Anna M. , Tan Rhea Y.Y. , Tay Jonathan , Traylor Matthew , Das Tilak , Markus Hugh S.
Published: January 2019

Background and Purpose—

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most common monogenic form of stroke usually presenting with migraine with aura, lacunar infarcts, and cognitive impairment. Acute encephalopathy is a less recognized presentation of the disease.

Methods—

Data collected prospectively from 340 consecutively recruited symptomatic patients with diagnosis of CADASIL seen in a British National CADASIL clinic was retrospectively reviewed and original clinical records and imaging obtained. An encephalopathic event was defined as an acute event of an altered state of consciousness in a patient with CADASIL, manifesting with signs of brain dysfunction, which warranted hospital admission in the absence of any other cause. Clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcome of encephalopathic presentations were studied.

Results—

A total of 35 of 340 (10.3%) participants had a history of 50 encephalopathic events which was the first hospital presentation of CADASIL in 33 (94.3%) patients. Most commonly reported features during episodes were visual hallucinations (44%), seizures (22%), and focal neurological deficits (60%).Complete recovery within 3 months was reported in 48(96%) episodes. In 62% of episodes, there was a history of migraine or migraine aura directly preceding the encephalopathy. In 2 out of 15 cases where magnetic resonance imaging during episodes was available, unilateral focal cortical swelling was seen. A past history of migraine was independently associated with encephalopathy (odds ratio=12.3 [95% CI, 1.6–93.7];
P
=0.015).

Conclusions—

In up to 10% of CADASIL patients, a reversible encephalopathy is the first presentation leading to diagnosis. The strong association with migraine suggests a shared pathogenesis. Focal cortical swelling may be seen on magnetic resonance imaging during the acute episode.
The triad of knowledge: Systematic, diversity and conservation status of the Mexican species of Tabernaemontana (Apocynaceae; Rauvolfioideae: tribe Tabernaemontaneae)
Authors: ALVARADO-CÁRDENAS LEONARDO O. , LOZADA-PÉREZ LUCIO , CADENA R. JOSELIN , ISLAS-HERNÁNDEZ SOFIA , MARTÍNEZ-GONZÁLEZ C. RAMIRO , CORTEZ C. ERICKA B. , GONZÁLEZ-MARTÍNEZ CÉSAR A. , GONZÁLEZ-RAMÍREZ IXCHEL S.
Published: January 2019

In this study, we update the systematics of the Tabernaemontana and describe the general patterns of species diversity and conservation status in Mexico. A total of 18 species were registered, including one cultivated species, two new species described here (T. chamelensis L.O. Alvarado & Lozada-Pérez and T. ochoterenae L.O. Alvarado & S. Islas), and eight species endemic to Mexico, which in total represents 47% of the diversity of the genus in the country. The states of Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Veracruz had the highest species diversity in native and endemic species. A map based on the kriging approach and the sums of species distribution models corroborate the sites of high diversity. A comparison among American countries showed that Central American countries share more specific similarity than South American ones. A risk evaluation showed that six species are under threat, mainly the endemic species. This exercise demonstrated that this genus is an interesting model to understand the biogeography, evolution, and affinities of the tropical flora of the Americas. Our work provides a basis for a deeper study of the biogeography and biology of the members of genus Tabernaemontana.
Politolana sanchezi sp. nov. (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cirolanidae), a new benthic bioturbating scavenger from bathyal soft-bottoms of the southern Bay of Biscay (northeastern Atlantic Ocean)
Authors: FRUTOS INMACULADA , SORBE JEAN CLAUDE
Published: January 2019

A new species of the genus Politolana (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cirolanidae) is described, based on specimens collected from the Le Danois Bank (‘El Cachucho’ fishing ground), southern Bay of Biscay, northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Politolana sanchezi sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. microphthalma (the only Politolana species recorded in boreal European waters) by larger eyes, presence of chromatophores on pereon and pleon, antennae reaching to the middle of the second pereonite, lateral margin of the frontal ridge dividing eyes, superior meral lobe of pereopod 1 reaching midpoint of the propodus, distal end of uropodal endopod subacute and pleotelson apex broadly convex with small medial point. An identification key to the world species of Politolana is presented. The new species has been found living on muddy-fine sandy bottoms of the southern Bay of Biscay and western Galicia, between 480 and 791 m depth. According to the present findings, it belongs to the benthic scavenger guild recognized on continental slopes. Its scavenging and bioturbating behaviour at the sediment-water interface are described from in situ trophic experiments with a fish-baited trap combined with a time-lapse recording camera.
Two new and two poorly known autolytines (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Madeira and the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: NYGREN ARNE , SUNDKVIST TOBIAS , MIKAC BARBARA , PLEIJEL FREDRIK
Published: January 2019

We describe Proceraea albocephala, new species, from Madeira, and Erseia oligochaeta, new genus and new species, from Istria, Croatia, and we provide redescriptions of Proceraea madeirensis (Nygren, 2004) from topotype material, and Myrianida longoprimicirrata (López, San Martín & Jimenéz, 1997) from material collected at Istria, Croatia, and Banyuls-sur-Mer, France. Proceraea albocephala, new species is morphologically separated from similar species by a prostomial white spot, and E. oligochaeta, new genus, new species is unique in having only a few (1–2) simple unidentate chaetae in all chaetigers, and a trepan with a single large and 25–28 smaller teeth. We assess the phylogenetic positions of the four species using nuclear 18SrDNA, together with mitochondrial COI and 16SrDNA. Our molecular data show that among the sequenced autolytines 1) P. albocephala, new species is most closely related to P. nigropunctata Nygren & Gidholm, 2001, P. okadai (Imajima, 1966), and P. cornuta (Agassiz, 1862), 2) E. oligochaeta, new genus, new species belongs within a clade together with Procerastea nematodes Langerhans, 1884, Virchowia clavata Langerhans, 1879, and Imajimaea draculai (San Martín & López, 2002), 3) M. longoprimicirrata is sister species to M. pentadentata (Imajima, 1966), and 4) P. madeirensis has a basal position within Procerini. The molecular data suggests that Proceraea Ehlers, 1864 as currently delineated is paraphyletic.
A new microphthalmic stygobitic Graptodytes Seidlitz from Morocco, with a molecular phylogeny of the genus (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)
Authors: RIBERA IGNACIO , FAILLE ARNAUD
Published: January 2019

We describe Graptodytes eremitus n.sp. (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae), a depigmented, microphthalmic stygobitic species found in a pool in the deep area of a cave in the High Atlas of Morocco. To establish its phylogenetic position we inferred a molecular phylogeny of the genus Graptodytes Seidlitz, using ca. 1.7 Kb of four mitochondrial genes for 18 of the 23 previously known species and subspecies of the genus. Graptodytes can be separated in three well supported main lineages, 1) the G. flavipes lineage (apex of median lobe narrow in ventral view), 2) the G. granularis lineage (apex of median lobe expanded and strongly asymmetrical in ventral view), and 3) the G. varius lineage (apex of median lobe expanded but symmetrical in ventral view). The G. varius lineage includes the G. aequalis and G. varius groups, the latter including G. eremitus n.sp. as sister to G. delectus Wollaston (Canary Islands) plus the G. varius complex. A molecular clock approach, using a calibration rate of 2.3% divergence/MY for the combined mitochondrial sequence, estimated the origin of the diversification within the genus at ca. 7MY (late Miocene), and the origin of G. eremitus n.sp. at ca. 2 MY (Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary).
Five new species and new records of Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) from the Wet Tropics of northeastern Queensland
Authors: WELLS ALICE
Published: January 2019

Five new species of Hydroptilidae are described from the Wet Tropics of northeastern Queensland: Orphninotrichia barbarae sp. nov., O. desleyae sp. nov., and O. alata sp. nov.; and Orthotrichia rentzi sp. nov. and O. andicairnsae sp. nov. New records extend the known distribution of one species in each of these genera, and brief comments are given on probable classification of the genus Orphninotrichia and on biology as deduced from collecting data.
A second known species of Eratomyia Amorim & Rindal (Diptera, Rangomaramidae, Chiletrichinae) from Colombia
Authors: DE SOUZA AMORIM DALTON , Falaschi Rafaela Lopes
Published: January 2019

A second species of the genus Eratomyia Amorim & Rindal —E. risaralda, sp. n.— is described from Risaralda, Colombia, based on one male and three females. The female of Eratomyia is described for the first time. A number of striking modifications in the female terminalia shared with Chiletricha Chandler support the hypothesis that they are sister genera within the Rangomaramidae. The position of Chiletricha and Eratomyia within the Chiletrichinae is discussed.
A review of the Asian orb weaving spider genus Pronoides (Araneae: Araneidae)
Authors: ZHANG XIAO-XIAO , ZHANG FENG , ZHU MING-SHENG
Published: January 2019

The Asian orb weaver spider genus Pronoides Schenkel, 1936 (Araneidae) is reviewed. A new species, Pronoides sutaiensis n. sp., is described, and P. brunneus Schenkel, 1936, the type species, is redescribed and illustrated. In addition, Pronoides ampliabdominis Song, Zhang & Zhu, 2006 is transferred to Cnodalia Thorell, 1890 (new combination).
Revision of the Siobla annulicornis, acutiscutella and sheni groups (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
Authors: NIU GENGYUN , WEI MEICAI
Published: January 2019

The taxonomic history of the genus Siobla Cameron, 1877 is outlined, and the genus is redescribed. Nine species groups are recognized. Keys for separation of the species groups and the species of the annulicornis group and acutiscutella group are provided. Siobla annulicornis sp. nov., S. leucocincta sp. nov., S. weni sp. nov. and S. acutiserrula sp. nov., all from China, are described. The previously described species, Siobla acutiscutella Wei & Nie, 1999, S. zhangi Wei, 2005 and S. sheni Wei, 2002 are illustrated. Siobla nanlingia Wei, 2005 is a new synonym of S. zhangi Wei, 2005.
Systematics of Cyphacolus Priesner (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae s.l.), an Old World genus of spider egg parasitoid
Authors: VALERIO ALEJANDRO A. , MASNER LUBOMIR , AUSTIN ANDREW D.
Published: January 2019

The genus Cyphacolus Priesner is unusual among members of the Baeini in having fore wings contoured to the convex surface of metasoma and lacking fore wing venation. It is closely allied to Odontacolus Kieffer based on the laterally compressed metasomal horn and pedunculate metasoma. Here we redescribe two of the three previously known species, C. bhowaliensis (Mani & Mukerjee) (India) and C. veniprivus Priesner (Egypt), and describe as new 13 additional species: C. asheri n. sp. (Sri Lanka), C. axfordi n. sp. (Australia), C. copelandi n. sp. (Kenya, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Thailand), C. diazae n. sp. (Kenya), C. harteni n. sp. (Yemen, Ivory Coast, Paskistan), C. jenningsi n. sp. (Australia), C. leblanci n. sp. (Guinea), C. lucianae n. sp. (Ivory Coast, Madagascar, South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe), C. normani n. sp. (India, United Arab Emirates), C. sallyae n. sp. (Australia), C. tessae n. sp. (Australia), C. tullyae n. sp. (Australia), and C. watshami n. sp. (Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, South Africa, Zimbabwe). In addition, we present a key to separate the species (including Cyphacolus bouceki Iqbal & Austin), a preliminary cladistic analysis to examine relationships among species and species groups, and a discussion of the biology, distribution and likely affinities of the genus. An electronic version of the identification key is available at WaspWeb 1 . As part of our phylogenetic study, one of the outgroup species, Idris floris (Kononova & Fursov) n. comb., is here transferred from Ceratobaeus Ashmead. The electronic version of this document has been formatted with embedded links to additional resources available online via the internet, both to enhance the content and as a demonstration of the utility of international standards for biodiversity informatics.
Species of the subgenus Acutipula Alexander from Henan, east-central China (Diptera, Tipulidae)
Authors: LI YAN , YANG DING
Published: January 2019

The subgenus Tipula (Acutipula) Alexander, 1924 is recorded from Henan, east-central China, for the first time. One species, T. henanensis sp. nov., is described as new to science. The following four species are redescribed: T. pseudacanthophora Yang and Yang, T. pseudocockerelliana Yang and Yang, T. gansuensis Yang and Yang and T. buboda Yang and Yang. A key to the species of the subgenus Acutipula from Henan is presented.
A new species of Endasys Förster (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae) from Mexico
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-MORENO ALEJANDRA , BORDERA SANTIAGO , DELFIN HUGO
Published: January 2019

A new species of Endasys Förster (Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae), E. gibbosus sp. nov., is described. Material was collected with Malaise traps functioning along one year in a dry forest in southeastern Mexico. The new species is similar to E. julianus Luhman, 1990 and E. subclavatus Say, 1835, but differs by having a strongly raised median lobe of mesonotum, with rugulose sculpturing and coarse dense punctures, metapleuron aerolate-rugose, area superomedia with strongly elevated longitudinal wrinkles, and malar space very reduced. A complement is provided to Luhman’s key to the Nearctic species of Endasys.
A new species of Myxinidocotyle (Monogenea: Acanthocotylidae: Myxinidocotylinae) from captive sixgill hagfish, Eptatretus hexatrema (Chordata: Myxinidae), with amendment of the subfamily diagnosis
Authors: VAUGHAN DAVID B. , CHRISTISON KEVIN W.
Published: January 2019

Myxinidocotyle eptatreti n. sp. is described from the skin of the sixgill hagfish, Eptatretus hexatrema collected for exhibition at the Two Oceans Aquarium in Cape Town, South Africa. The new species is the first acanthocotylid described from South Africa and differs significantly from the only two known Myxinidocotyle species by the morphology of the sclerotised male copulatory tube and the presence of a diverticulated intestinal caecum. The subfamily diagnosis is amended to include a single seminal receptacle, found within the anterior concave portion of the ovary and excludes the vaginal seminis receptaculum which is considered the seminal vesicle. The vagina travels ventrally over the seminal vesicle and does not fuse with it bilaterally as originally proposed by Malmberg & Fernholm (1989). Myxinidocotyle spp. possess 8 or 9 testes. The proximal male accessory gland reservoirs are connected by an intricate network of fine ducts to the field of extensive male accessory gland cells extending along the length of the body proper. Observations on the locomotion and attachment of live worms in vitro are discussed and the presence of adhesive secretions is confirmed for the haptoral glands and anterior glands.
Isospora ramphoceli n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the Brazilian tanager (Aves: Passeriformes: Thraupidae) Ramphocelus bresilius dorsalis Sclater, 1855
Authors: BERTO BRUNO PEREIRA , FLAUSINO WALTER , LUZ HERMES RIBEIRO , FERREIRA ILDEMAR , LOPES CARLOS WILSON GOMES
Published: January 2019

In the current study, a new coccidian species (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) collected from the Brazilian tanager Ramphocelus bresilius dorsalis Sclater, 1855 is reported from Brazil. Isospora ramphoceli n. sp. has oocysts which are spherical to sub-spherical, 23.7 × 22.8 μ m, with smooth, bilayered wall, ~1.2 μ m thick. Micropyle, oocyst residuum and polar granule are absent. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal or slightly ovoidal, 16.0 × 11.4 µm. Stieda body knob-like and prominent and substieda body large and homogeneous. Sporocyst residuum is composed of granules of different sizes. Sporozoites are vermiform with one refractile body and a nucleus. This is the sixth description of an isosporoid coccidium infecting R. b. dorsalis and the twelfth description from Thraupidae.
Southern Ocean Seasonal Restratification Delayed by Submesoscale Wind–Front Interactions
Authors: du Plessis Marcel , Swart Sebastiaan , Ansorge Isabelle J. , Mahadevan Amala , Thompson Andrew F.
Published: January 2019

Ocean stratification and the vertical extent of the mixed layer influence the rate at which the ocean and atmosphere exchange properties. This process has direct impacts for anthropogenic heat and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean. Submesoscale instabilities that evolve over space (1–10 km) and time (from hours to days) scales directly influence mixed layer variability and are ubiquitous in the Southern Ocean. Mixed layer eddies contribute to mixed layer restratification, while down-front winds, enhanced by strong synoptic storms, can erode stratification by a cross-frontal Ekman buoyancy flux. This study investigates the role of these submesoscale processes on the subseasonal and interannual variability of the mixed layer stratification using four years of high-resolution glider data in the Southern Ocean. An increase of stratification from winter to summer occurs due to a seasonal warming of the mixed layer. However, we observe transient decreases in stratification lasting from days to weeks, which can arrest the seasonal restratification by up to two months after surface heat flux becomes positive. This leads to interannual differences in the timing of seasonal restratification by up to 36 days. Parameterizing the Ekman buoyancy flux in a one-dimensional mixed layer model reduces the magnitude of stratification compared to when the model is run using heat and freshwater fluxes alone. Importantly, the reduced stratification occurs during the spring restratification period, thereby holding important implications for mixed layer dynamics in climate models as well as physical–biological coupling in the Southern Ocean.
Nebulizer Use in Adults With Subglottic Stenosis: A Survey Study
Authors: Tanner Kristine , Anderson Catherine , Smith Marshall E.
Published: January 2019

Objective:

People with subglottic stenosis (SGS) may experience laryngeal symptoms that pose significant challenges to management. This study surveyed the use and effects of nebulized treatments on laryngeal symptoms in a large cohort of adults with SGS.

Methods:

A survey of nebulized treatment practices was distributed to an online international community of over 2000 members; 316 individuals (298 female, 1 male, 17 declined to specify; age 25+ years) completed the survey.

Results:

Nearly half (144) of participants had tried a nebulizer in the past. Among those, half currently used nebulized treatments; the majority used these treatments regularly and for greater than 1 year. The most frequently reported treatments included isotonic saline (0.9% Na+Cl–) or hypertonic saline (3% Na+Cl–). Symptoms improved by these treatments included thick mucus (69%), cough (57%), throat dryness (31%), stridor (28%), and voice (15%). The most frequently reported limitations to nebulizer use included time, noise, and portability.

Conclusion:

Among those individuals with SGS who have tried nebulized treatments, nearly half experienced relief from secondary laryngeal symptoms. Additional efficacy research is needed, particularly with respect to treatment type and dosage. The results are encouraging given the adverse impact these laryngeal symptoms can have on activities of daily living and quality of life.
China’s Economic Diplomacy Approach in the Middle East Conflicts
Authors: Chaziza Mordechai
Published: January 2019

This study analyses China’s economic diplomacy approach in the Middle East conflicts in order to explore the following question: How does China use diplomatic means to protect and pursue commercial investments, economic assets, and economic tools, and to advance its foreign policy goals in the Middle East conflict zones? This study argues that despite its adherence to the principle of non-intervention, Beijing’s economic diplomacy has a more flexible and pragmatic interpretive approach. Chinese economic diplomacy in the Middle East uses its diplomatic resources to intervene as needed to safeguard its investments and assets, and utilises economic incentives to promote its well-defined foreign policy goals in the region’s hotspots.
Intravenous Olanzapine in a Critically Ill Patient: An Evolving Route of Administration
Authors: Lorenzo Michael P. , Burgess Jeni , Darko William
Published: January 2019

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to describe the successful use of parenteral olanzapine intravenously (IV) in a critically ill patient with severe agitated delirium. Summary: A 70-year-old man was admitted to the medical intensive care unit requiring plasmapheresis with platelet counts consistently below 20 000/µL secondary to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). The patient had experienced agitated delirium requiring treatment, which was complicated by electrocardiogram (EKG) findings of a prolonged QTc interval. The antipsychotics the patient was receiving were believed to be responsible and, as such, the team desired an option that would have a lesser chance of worsening QTc (baseline-corrected QT) interval. Olanzapine was chosen and given IV versus the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved parenteral route of intramuscular (IM) due to concern of bleeding. The patient’s delirious state responded to treatment to varying degrees and showed no increase in EKG abnormalities. To our knowledge, there is a paucity of published literature regarding this route of administration. Conclusion: Intramuscular olanzapine used IV may be a safe and effective option for the treatment of acutely agitated, delirious, critically ill patient.
Ischemic Stroke Symptoms After Warfarin Reversal With 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate Case Report
Authors: Carson Laura , Price John E.
Published: January 2019

Objective: An 83-year-old woman with atrial fibrillation on chronic warfarin therapy was given 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate to reverse her warfarin for surgery. She had fallen off a step stool at home and fractured her left wrist which initially the surgeon was going to repair surgically. Method: The day after she received 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate, she developed stroke-like symptoms, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was 14, and met criteria for tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administration. Tissue plasminogen activator was administered and she was transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU), per hospital protocol. Results: She remained in the ICU for 24 hours for follow-up and monitoring. Her warfarin was restarted and bridged with enoxaparin. She was not a candidate for antiplatelet therapy due to her history of a gastrointestinal (GI) bleed. Conclusion: At discharge, she had no residual effects from her stroke-like symptoms and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of her brain was negative for an acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA).