bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cascading Macrocycle and Helix Motions in a Foldarotaxane Molecular Shuttle
Authors: Hess Robin , Brenet Marius , Rajaonarivelo Haingo , Gauthier Maxime , Koehler Victor , Waelès Philip , Huc Ivan , Ferrand Yann , Coutrot Frédéric
Published: September 2024

The design of a dynamically assembled foldarotaxane was envisioned with the aim of operating as a two cascading trigger‐based molecular shuttle. Under acidic conditions, both the macrocycle and helix were localized around their respective best molecular stations because they are far enough from each other not to alter the stability of complexes. The pH‐dependent localization of the macrocycle along the encircled axle allowed us to modulate the association between the helical foldamer and its sites of interaction on the axle. Under kinetic control—at low concentration and room temperature—when the foldarotaxane supramolecular architecture is kinetically stable, the pH‐responsive translation of the macrocycle along the thread triggered the gliding of the helix away from its initial best station. At higher concentration—when helix assembly/disassembly process is accelerated—the system reached the equilibrium state. A new foldarotaxane isomer then appeared through the change of the relative position of the helix and macrocycle along the thread. In this isomer, the helix segregated the macrocycle away from its best station. The fine control of the kinetic and thermodynamic processes, combined with the control of pH, allowed the reciprocal segregation of the helix or the ring away from their respective best sites of interaction.
A High‐Quality Photoswitchable Probe that Selectively and Potently Regulates the Transcription Factor RORγ
Authors: Reynders Martin , Willems Sabine , Marschner Julian A. , Wein Thomas , Merk Daniel , Thorn‐Seshold Oliver
Published: September 2024

Retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan receptor γ (RORγ) is a nuclear hormone receptor with multiple biological functions in circadian clock regulation, inflammation, and immunity. Its cyclic temporal role in circadian rhythms, and cell‐specific activity in the immune system, make it an intriguing target for spatially and temporally localised pharmacology. To create tools that can study RORγ biology with appropriate spatiotemporal resolution, we designed light‐dependent inverse RORγ agonists by building azobenzene photoswitches into ligand consensus structures. Optimizations gave photoswitchable RORγ inhibitors combining a large degree of potency photocontrol, with remarkable on‐target potency, and excellent selectivity over related off‐target receptors. This still rare combination of performance features distinguishes them as high quality photopharmaceutical probes, which can now serve as high precision tools to study the spatial and dynamic intricacies of RORγ action in signaling and in inflammatory disorders.
Exploring of novel reverse thermally induced phase separation process based on preparation and characterization of polysulfate ultrafiltration membranes with bicontinuous structure
Authors: Wang Wei , Sun Linghao , Wang Jiaqi , Zeng Fanfu , Xu Baiyu
Published: September 2024

Contaminated water sources from various industries pose severe environmental challenges due to their complex compositions, high toxicity, and fluctuating qualities. This study introduces a groundbreaking strategy for fabricating advanced polysulfate (PSE) ultrafiltration membranes using a novel reverse thermally induced phase separation (RTIPS) process. By manipulating the cloud point through the DMAc/DEG solvent/nonsolvent system, our work innovatively controls membrane microstructure, overcoming limitations of conventional nonsolvent‐induced phase separation (NIPS). Our findings reveal that RTIPS, when employed above the cloud point, yields PSE membranes with a unique bicontinuous sponge‐like structure, significantly improving upon conventional NIPS products. Specifically, the optimized RTIPS membranes exhibit enhanced pure water flux (916.23 vs. 336.23 LMH), larger pore sizes (0.083 vs. 0.054 μm), increased tensile strength (1.32 vs. 0.84 MPa), and improved fouling resistance (FRR 65.5% vs. 55.2%). This research pioneers a facile yet potent method for tailoring membrane properties, achieving a balance between permeability, mechanical stability, and filtration efficacy. The demonstrated success of RTIPS in enhancing PSE membrane performance not only contributes to the development of high‐performance water treatment technologies but also charts a new course in membrane science, offering a promising avenue for sustainable wastewater management solutions.
Assessment of Octocoral‐Dominated Benthic Assemblages Along a Mesophotic Gradient, With a Focus on the Impact of Lost Fishing Gears
Authors: Jacobsen Nils Lucas , Roveta Camilla , Pulido Mantas Torcuato , Coppari Martina , Di Camillo Cristina Gioia , Calcinai Barbara , Cerrano Carlo
Published: September 2024

Coralligenous, a typical Mediterranean mesophotic habitat, is a highly diverse assemblage, severely threatened by several stressors, including fishing litter. To characterise the coralligenous of the upper mesophotic of the Portofino Promontory (Ligurian Sea, Italy), video transects at 35 and 50 m depth were performed at four sites. Benthic assemblages and lost fishing gears were recorded, and the two depths compared. A higher coverage of taxa with complex 3D structures was found at 50 m, mainly due to the gorgonian Paramuricea clavata. However, the overall low density of this species (0.4–6.6 colonies/m2), together with the impact caused by 120 fishing lines found along the transects, highlights the need for tailored conservation measures. With climate change moving further down the water column and fishing impacts being a major cause of degradation, the design of marine protected areas needs to be extended to include mesophotic depths, contributing to the 30 × 30 targets agreed upon at the COP15.
BODIPY‐Helicene Based Heavy‐Atom‐Free Photocatalyst for Oxidative Coupling of Amines and Photooxidation of Sulfides
Authors: Koli Mrunesh , Gamre Sunita , Ghosh Rajib , Wadawale A. P. , Ghosh Ayan , Ghanty Tapan K. , Mula Soumyaditya
Published: September 2024

To develop heavy‐atom‐free triplet photosensitizers (PSs) based photocatalysts, we designed and synthesized two BODIPY‐helicene dyes by fusing the BODIPY core and modified [5]helicene structures. These BODIPY‐helicenes structures are twisted and their twisting angles are increased by the developed synthetic method. The BODIPY‐helicenes have broad absorption bands over UV‐visible region with high triplet conversions and long triplet lifetimes as compared to planar BODIPY dye, PM567. Consequently, these dyes are also highly efficient in generating 1O2 by transferring their triplet energy to 3O2. All these are confirmed by dye‐sensitised photooxidation reaction, nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy study, phosphorescence measurement and DFT calculations. Finally, photocatalytic activity of the highest 1O2 generating BODIPY‐helicene (4 b) was checked. 4 b is highly efficient in photocatalytic oxidative coupling of differently substituted amines through aerobatic oxidation using 1O2 generated by its photosensitization. It is also highly efficient photocatalyst for aerobatic oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides. Importantly, the photocatalyst could be quantitatively recovered and reused for several cycles. All these results confirmed the potential use of the BODIPY‐helicenes as PSs for photocatalytic organic reactions and the design strategy will be useful for the future development of heavy‐atom‐free photocatalyst.
Faba bean nutrition: Macronutrients, antinutrients, and the effect of processing
Authors: Shi Dai , Stone Andrea K. , Marinangeli Christopher P. F. , Carlin Janelle , Nickerson Michael T.
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives

Faba beans are emerging as highly nutritious ingredients that have the potential to contribute to the global demand for healthy and sustainable plant‐based proteins. The current review aims to provide a summarized overview of faba bean macronutrients, protein quality, and antinutritional factors (ANFs), as well as their reduction strategies through a variety of processing means.

Findings

Relative to other pulses, faba beans are higher in protein content and similar in protein quality. However, without proper preparation and/or processing, the presence of minor amounts of ANFs can hinder their nutritional value. These nonnutritive, but biologically active, compounds can be diminished through mechanical, thermal, and nonthermal treatments.

Conclusions

Nonconventional processing techniques to retain or improve protein quality remain an area of future research for improving faba bean nutrition and expanding its utilization.

Significance and Novelty

This review will advance the science and utilization of faba bean ingredients while providing future research opportunities.
A rare case of primary signet‐ring adenocarcinoma of anorectal region in a young patient: Diagnostic challenges and therapeutic outcomes
Authors: Shaikh Bisma , Gul Areeba , Singh Ajeet , Irfan Hamza , Ali Tooba , Karamat Riyan , Akilimali Aymar
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

Primary signet‐ring cell carcinoma of the anal canal and rectum is an extremely rare and aggressive malignancy. The present case underscores the importance of considering primary signet‐ring cell carcinoma in differential diagnoses for young patients with chronic anorectal symptoms. It highlights the need for a multidisciplinary treatment approach (including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) and comprehensive follow‐up for managing this challenging condition and improving long‐term patient outcomes.

Primary signet‐ring cell carcinoma of the anal canal and rectum is an exceedingly rare subtype of colorectal adenocarcinoma, often originating as an extension of rectal adenocarcinoma. This malignancy constitutes a small fraction of colorectal cancers and is scarcely reported in medical literature. We present the case of an 18‐year‐old male with a three‐year history of progressively worsening hematochezia, anorectal pain, and defecation‐associated prolapse. Initial conservative treatments failed, leading to further investigations that revealed a palpable, nodular anorectal mass. Imaging studies (including CT and MRI), and biopsy confirmed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with signet‐ring cell morphology. The tumor exhibited extensive lymphovascular invasion and involved perirectal lymph nodes, and was staged as pT3, N2a. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CK 7, CK 20, and SATB2, supporting the primary anorectal origin. The treatment regimen included initial diversion colostomies for symptom relief, followed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a modified 5‐fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) regimen and concurrent chemoradiation with Xeloda. The patient subsequently underwent an abdominoperineal resection (APR), which confirmed the diagnosis and achieved curative resection. Postoperative complications included transient ileus and wound infection, which were managed with supportive care. This case underscores the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges posed by primary signet‐ring cell carcinoma of the anorectal region, highlighting the need for a high index of suspicion and comprehensive diagnostic workup in atypical presentations. The multimodal treatment approach, incorporating surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, was crucial in managing this locally advanced tumor. The rarity and aggressiveness of this carcinoma necessitate a tailored treatment strategy to improve patient outcomes. Long‐term follow‐up, including regular imaging and surveillance, is vital for monitoring disease recurrence and evaluating treatment effectiveness.
Gefahrstoffmanagement für einen sicheren Chemieunterricht
Authors: Müller Dominik , Tandetzke Rita
Published: September 2024

Praxistauglich, aktuell und zeitsparend – diese Eigenschaften muss eine Anwendung zum Gefahrstoffmanagement an Schulen besitzen. Damit Chemikalien richtig gelagert und Experimentalunterricht sicher durchgeführt werden können, brauchen Schulen eine Anwendung, die Lehrkräfte bei der Vorbereitung, der Durchführung und der Nachbereitung des Unterrichts bestmöglich unterstützt.
Cyclodextrin Dimers Functionalized with Biotin as Nanocapsules for Active Doxorubicin Delivery Against MCF‐7 Breast Cell Line
Authors: Bognanni Noemi , Scuderi Chiara , Giglio Valentina , Spiteri Fabio , La Piana Luana , Condorelli Daniele , Barresi Vincenza , Vecchio Graziella
Published: September 2024

Cyclodextrin dimers have been investigated as potential nanocapsules of biomolecules. The presence of two cavities can improve the stability of inclusion complexes, working as a hydrophilic sandwich of poorly water‐soluble species. Here, we designed new β‐ and γ‐cyclodextrin dimers functionalized with biotin as a targeting unit and tested the new bioconjugates as doxorubicin delivery systems in cancer cells. Biotin can recognize the Sodium‐dependent Multivitamin Transporter (SMVT) receptor, encoded by the Solute Carrier Family 5 Member 6 (SLC5A6) gene and improve the uptake of drugs. We evaluated the expression of the SLC5A6 transcript in human cell lines to select the best cell model (MCF‐7) for the in vitro studies.

Furthermore, in the cell lines, we investigated the transcript levels of genes correlated to biotin cell availability, Holocarboxylase Synthetase (or HCS encoded by HLCS gene) and Biotinidase (encoded by BTD gene) enzymes. Moreover, the expression of ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 2 transporter (encoded by ABCG2 gene), which may play a role in doxorubicin resistance, has been investigated. The antiproliferative activity of the doxorubicin complexes with the dimers has been determined to study the effect of the biotin moiety on the cytotoxicity in MCF‐7 cancer cells.
Unveiling the functional roles of patient‐derived tumour organoids in assessing the tumour microenvironment and immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Di , Xu Lixia , Xuan Mengjuan , Chu Qingfei , Xue Chen
Published: September 2024

Recent studies have established the pivotal roles of patient‐derived tumour organoids (PDTOs), innovative three‐dimensional (3D) culture systems, in various biological and medical applications. PDTOs, as promising tools, have been established and extensively used for drug screening, prediction of immune response and assessment of immunotherapeutic effectiveness in various cancer types, including glioma, ovarian cancer and so on. The overarching goal is to facilitate the translation of new therapeutic modalities to guide personalised immunotherapy. Notably, there has been a recent surge of interest in the co‐culture of PDTOs with immune cells to investigate the dynamic interactions between tumour cells and immune microenvironment. A comprehensive and in‐depth investigation is necessary to enhance our understanding of PDTOs as promising testing platforms for cancer immunotherapy. This review mainly focuses on the latest updates on the applications and challenges of PDTO‐based methods in anti‐cancer immune responses. We strive to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential and prospects of PDTO‐based technologies as next‐generation strategies for advancing immunotherapy approaches.
Enhanced channel estimation with atomic norm minimization and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces in mmWave MIMO systems
Authors: Ganapathy Sundar , Muthusamy Karthikeyan
Published: September 2024

The performance of millimeter‐wave (mmWave) multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems has been significantly enhanced by the incorporation of dynamic reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS). This paper proposes a novel dynamic channel estimation technique that combines dynamic atomic norm minimization with dynamic RIS to optimize RIS‐aided mmWave MIMO systems. Leveraging the dynamic nature of both atomic norm minimization and RIS, the proposed approach efficiently adapts to changing environmental conditions, providing robust and accurate channel estimation. By dynamically optimizing the RIS configuration, the system achieves improved spectral and energy efficiency, enabling high‐speed and reliable communication in challenging mmWave environments. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic channel estimation technique, highlighting its potential for enhancing the performance of future wireless communication systems.
Landscape structure and site characteristics influence whether the northern house martin Delichon urbicum occupies artificial nests
Authors: Allera Gianna , Heim Ramona Julia , Förster Aline , Heim Wieland
Published: September 2024

Artificial nest sites can support populations of endangered species when they are correctly installed. Here we analysed the characteristics and conditions that determined whether the northern house martin Delichon urbicum occupied more than 300 artificial nests around the city of Münster, Germany. We found that artificial nest occupation rates were influenced by various environmental and temporal factors. Positive influences included a longer time since installation and, to a lesser extent, the number of artificial nests at the same site. Negative impacts were observed from higher proportions of sealed surface cover in the surrounding area and, to a lesser extent, southward exposure. The distance to the nearest water body and the number of occupied natural nests showed no significant effect. We compared our results with descriptive evidence from the grey literature and published reports, and we give recommendations for installing artificial house martin nests for conservation practitioners. Future studies should also investigate the potential negative effects of ‘dirt boards’ below the nests and of gaps between the roof and the artificial nests.
Phylogenetic relatedness of plant species co‐occurring with an invasive alien plant species varies with elevation
Authors: Afshana  , Pinto‐Ledezma Jesús N. , Reshi Zafar A.
Published: September 2024

Darwin's naturalization conundrum posits that the alien species either succeed in the introduced region because they are phylogenetically related to the native species and thus tend to have niches similar to those of native species, or they are phylogenetically dissimilar to native species and thus occupy unfilled niches. This conundrum has received a lot of attention, but the findings regarding these two hypotheses have been contradictory. To reconcile the two seemingly contradictory hypotheses, we assessed the phylogenetic relationship of a highly widespread and invasive species, Anthemis cotula L. (focal species), separately with the native species and all its co‐occurring species (including native and non‐native species) along an elevation gradient. Our results show that the abundance of A. cotula declined continuously with an increase in elevation and with an increase in the number of both all co‐occurring and native species only. The phylogenetic distance between the focal species and the native species based on weighted mean pairwise distance (MPDaw) declined with elevation as well as native species richness. Our study also revealed that soil nutrients strongly influence the abundance of A. cotula; however, their effect on the phylogenetic distance between the focal and other species is negligible. These findings suggest a strong role of microecological factors and spatial heterogeneity in the abundance distributions of invasive species and community assembly. Thus, it could be concluded that the phylogenetic relationship of A. cotula with co‐occurring all or only native species varies with elevation and species richness, adding another layer of complexity to the resolution of Darwin's naturalization conundrum.
Wild bird mass mortalities in eastern Canada associated with the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) virus, 2022
Authors: Avery‐Gomm Stephanie , Barychka Tatsiana , English Matthew , Ronconi Robert A. , Wilhelm Sabina I. , Rail Jean‐François , Cormier Tabatha , Beaumont Matthieu , Bowser Campbell , Burt Tori V. , Collins Sydney M. , Duffy Steven , Giacinti Jolene A. , Gilliland Scott , Giroux Jean‐François , Gjerdrum Carina , Guillemette Magella , Hargan Kathryn E. , Jones Megan , Kennedy Andrew , Kusalik Liam , Lair Stéphane , Lang Andrew , Lavoie Raphael A. , Lepage Christine , McPhail Gretchen , Montevecchi William A. , Parsons Glen J. , Provencher Jennifer F. , Rahman Ishraq , Robertson Gregory J. , Seyer Yannick , Soos Catherine , Ward Christopher R. E. , Wells Regina , Wight Jordan
Published: September 2024

In 2022, a severe outbreak of disease caused by clade 2.3.4.4b Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus resulted in unprecedented mortality among wild birds in eastern Canada. Tens of thousands of birds were reported sick or dead, prompting a comprehensive assessment of mortality spanning the breeding season between April 1 and September 30, 2022. Mortality reports were collated from federal, Indigenous, provincial, and municipal agencies, the Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, and other nongovernmental organizations, universities, and citizen science platforms. A scenario analysis was conducted to refine mortality estimates, accounting for potential double counts from multiple sources under a range of spatial and temporal overlaps. Correcting for double counting, HPAI is estimated to have caused 40,391 wild bird mortalities in eastern Canada during the spring and summer of 2022; however, this figure underestimates total mortality as it excludes unreported deaths on land and at sea. Seabirds and sea ducks, long‐lived species that are slow to recover from perturbations, accounted for 98.7% of estimated mortalities. Our study provides estimates of bird mortality, with Northern Gannets (Morus bassanus; 25,669), Common Murres (Uria aalge; 8133), and American Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima dresseri; 1894) exhibiting the highest mortality figures. We then compare these mortality estimates with recent population estimates and trends and make an initial assessment of whether biologically meaningful population‐level impacts are possible. Specifically, we focus on the Northern Gannet, a species that has suffered significant global mortality, and two harvested species, Common Murre and American Common Eider, to inform management decisions. Our analysis suggests population‐level impacts in eastern Canada are possible for Northern Gannets and American Common Eiders, but are unlikely for Common Murres. This study demonstrates a comprehensive approach to assessing mortality and underscores the urgent need for further research to understand the broader ecological ramifications of the HPAI outbreak on wild bird populations.
Changes in inflammatory edema and fat fraction of thigh muscles following a half‐marathon in recreational marathon runners
Authors: Shu Dingbo , Wang Jianping , Meng Fanjing , Dai Siyu , Zhao Zhenhua
Published: September 2024

It is known that microtrauma exists in the thigh muscles after long‐distance running such as the half‐marathon. Moreover, training characteristics of long‐distance runners may influence the specificity of the distribution of muscle fiber types in the thigh and affect muscle responses to lipid metabolism. However, the specific changes in microtrauma and intramuscular lipid in thigh muscles after a half‐marathon are unknown. A cohort of 20 healthy recreational marathon runners was recruited to complete a half‐marathon. MRI T2 mapping and 6‐echo q‐Dixon sequences were employed at baseline (P1), 2–3 h after running (P2), and 1 day after running (P3). Inflammatory markers (the T2 values) and intramuscular fat fraction (the proton density fat fraction, PDFF) were measured in thigh muscles to detect microtrauma and intramuscular lipid changes, respectively. One‐way analysis of variance showed significant time effects for T2 values and PDFF. Post hoc analysis of the 14 datasets collected at three time points revealed significantly higher T2 values in all thigh muscles after running (all p < 0.05). Significant differences in T2 values persisted for all thigh muscles at P3 compared to P1 (all p < 0.05). The PDFF of the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis was significantly decreased at P2 compared to P1 (p < 0.05). No significant differences in PDFF were observed for the thigh muscles at P3 compared to P1. The manifestations of inflammation edema and intramuscular lipid investigated through MRI may offer valuable insights for recreational marathon runners regarding the lower limb movement characteristics during half‐marathon running.
High‐order multilayer attention fusion network for 3D object detection
Authors: Zhang Baowen , Zhao Yongyong , Su Chengzhi , Cao Guohua
Published: September 2024

Three‐dimensional object detection based on the fusion of 2D image data and 3D point clouds has become a research hotspot in the field of 3D scene understanding. However, different sensor data have discrepancies in spatial position, scale, and alignment, which severely impact detection performance. Inappropriate fusion methods can lead to the loss and interference of valuable information. Therefore, we propose the High‐Order Multi‐Level Attention Fusion Network (HMAF‐Net), which takes camera images and voxelized point clouds as inputs for 3D object detection. To enhance the expressive power between different modality features, we introduce a high‐order feature fusion module that performs multi‐level convolution operations on the element‐wise summed features. By incorporating filtering and non‐linear activation, we extract deep semantic information from the fused multi‐modal features. To maximize the effectiveness of the fused salient feature information, we introduce an attention mechanism that dynamically evaluates the importance of pooled features at each level, enabling adaptive weighted fusion of significant and secondary features. To validate the effectiveness of HMAF‐Net, we conduct experiments on the KITTI dataset. In the “Car,” “Pedestrian,” and “Cyclist” categories, HMAF‐Net achieves mAP performances of 81.78%, 60.09%, and 63.91%, respectively, demonstrating more stable performance compared to other multi‐modal methods. Furthermore, we further evaluate the framework's effectiveness and generalization capability through the KITTI benchmark test, and compare its performance with other published detection methods on the 3D detection benchmark and BEV detection benchmark for the “Car” category, showing excellent results. The code and model will be made available on
https://github.com/baowenzhang/High‐order‐Multilayer‐Attention‐Fusion‐Network‐for‐3D‐Object‐Detection.
Gut microbiota‐directed dietary factors enhance exercise performance in mice
Authors: Wang Hongchao , Yan Huimin , Zhu Jinlin , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei , Lu Wenwei
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the effect of dietary interventions targeting gut microbiota on exercise performance in mice. Analysis of the gut microbiota of individuals with varying levels of physical activity revealed enrichment of Eubacterium rectale and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the active population. Through in vitro fecal fermentation experiments, dietary factor combinations that promote the abundance of these bacteria were identified. Dietary interventions, including E. rectale supplementation, FAG combination (gavage of Fructus Arctii extract, Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides, and galactooligosaccharides mixture), and CFG combination (gavage of curcumin, Fructus Arctii extract, and galactooligosaccharides mixture), significantly improved mouse exercise performance, increased glycogen accumulation, regulated serum biochemical parameters, and increased short‐chain fatty acid and fatty acid amide levels in feces. Metagenomic sequencing revealed alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota. Fecal metabolome analysis highlighted changes in metabolites related to lipids, organic acids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. These findings suggest that E. rectale and dietary interventions positively affect exercise performance by modulating the gut microbiota and associated metabolites.
Mangiferin: An effective agent against human malignancies
Authors: Irshad Nimra , Naeem Hammad , Shahbaz Muhammad , Imran Muhammad , Mujtaba Ahmed , Hussain Muzzamal , Al Abdulmonem Waleed , Alsagaby Suliman A. , Yehuala Tadesse Fenta , Abdelgawad Mohamed A. , Ghoneim Mohammed M. , Mostafa Ehab M. , Selim Samy , Al Jaouni Soad K.
Published: September 2024

Mangiferin is a bioactive substance present in high concentration in mangoes and also in some other fruits. Owing to its potential as a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent against several types of cancer, this unique, significant, and well‐researched polyphenol has received a lot of attention recently. It possesses the ability to treat cancers, including rectal cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, leukemia, gastric cancer, liver cancer, chronic pancreatitis, and lung cancer. It can control/regulate multiple key signaling pathways, such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), second mitochondria‐derived activator of caspases/direct inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP)‐binding protein with low propidium iodide (pl) (Smac/DIABLO) nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein 3 kinase (PI3K/Akt), transforming growth factor beta/suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic (TGF‐β/SMAD), c‐jun N‐terminal kinase/p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (JNK/p38‐MAPK), and phosphor‐I kappa B kinase (p‐IκB), which are crucial to the development of cancers. By triggering apoptotic signals and halting the advancement of the cell cycle, it can also prevent some cancer cell types from proliferating and developing. It has been revealed that mangiferin targets a variety of adhesion molecules, cytokines, pro‐inflammatory transcription factors, kinases, chemokines, growth factors, and cell‐cycle proteins. By means of preventing the onset, advancement, and metastasis of cancer, these targets may mediate the chemopreventive and therapeutic effects of mangiferin. Mangiferin has confirmed potential benefits in lung, cervical, breast, brain, and prostate cancers as well as leukemia whether administered alone or in combination with recognized anticancer compounds. More clinical trials and research investigations are required to completely unleash the potential of mangiferin, which may lower the risk of cancer onset and act as a preventive and therapeutic alternative for a number of cancers.
Pediatric Fibromatosis Lacks the Internal Tandem Duplication of EGFR Seen in Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma
Authors: Chami Rose , Marrano Paula , Thorner Paul S.
Published: September 2024

Classical and mixed congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) are characterized by an internal tandem duplication (ITD) of the EGFR gene, in contrast to cellular CMN that usually harbors an ETV6::NTRK3 gene fusion. This same fusion occurs in infantile fibrosarcoma, and this tumor can be considered as the soft tissue equivalent of cellular CMN. A soft tissue equivalent of classic/mixed CMN remains undefined at the genetic level. Since classical CMN resembles fibromatosis of soft tissue histologically, we asked whether fibromatosis in children might show EGFR ITD. ITD was investigated using the polymerase chain reaction and primers for exons 18 and 25 of the EGFR gene. Seven of the eight cases of classical or mixed CMN were positive by this approach, but none of the five cellular CMNs. Of 11 cases of fibromatosis (six plantar, two digital, and three desmoid), none were positive for EGFR ITD. Within the limits of this small study, we conclude that pediatric fibromatosis is likely not characterized by EGFR ITD. There are isolated reports of pediatric soft tissue tumors that harbor EGFR ITD, but these have the appearance of infantile fibrosarcoma or mixed CMN rather than fibromatosis. We did not find any such cases, since all 14 cases of infantile fibrosarcoma in our study had an ETV6::NTRK3 fusion. The soft tissue tumors with EGFR ITD are not a morphologic match for the low‐grade histology of classical CMN. Whether they have a similar favorable biology or behave more like fibrosarcoma with an ETV6::NTRK3 fusion or an alternative fusion involving other kinases remains to be determined.
Molecular Analysis of Renal/Adrenal Angiosarcomas Reveals High Frequency of Recurrent Genetic Alterations
Authors: Argani Pedram , Saoud Carla , Antonescu Cristina R.
Published: September 2024

Angiosarcomas of the kidney and adrenal gland are rare, highly aggressive vascular neoplasms. Their genomic profile has not been systematically studied to date. We report the clinicopathologic and molecular features of six angiosarcomas centered in the kidney/adrenal gland. All patients were male adults, ranging from 58 to 77 years of age. Tumor sizes ranged from 2.5 to 22.5 cm. Half of the cases demonstrated hot spot mutations in the KDR gene, while one‐third demonstrated mutations in the PIK3CA gene; both of these gene alterations being previously described, preferentially in breast angiosarcomas. In addition, two cases each demonstrated BRIP1 gene amplification, CTNNB1 and ETV6 mutations, which have not been previously reported in angiosarcoma. Notably, molecular studies were critical in establishing the correct diagnoses in three cases: one was an epithelioid angiosarcoma originally misdiagnosed as metastatic adenocarcinoma to the adrenal gland, the second was a vasoformative angiosarcoma that mimicked hemangioma, and the third was a collision tumor between a high‐grade angiosarcoma and a chromophobe renal cell carcinoma which was originally diagnosed as a sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma. In summary, angiosarcomas of the kidney and adrenal gland have a high frequency of recurrent genetic alterations, some of them being shared with other angiosarcoma subtypes, while other appear to be novel. In particular, activating hot spot KDR and PIK3CA mutations represent potential therapeutic targets for these highly aggressive cancers.
Effects of coal mining disturbance on spatial and temporal distribution of soil water content in Northwest China‐based on 3D EBK model
Authors: Zhang Kai , Chen Mengyuan , Feng Shaokai , Chen Xiangyu , Yan Zhao
Published: September 2024

Northwest China is both an important coal storage base and an ecologically fragile area, and soil water content (SWC) is a key factor limiting the ecological development of Northwest China. Revealing the characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution changes of soil water content in mining areas under coal mining disturbance and the influencing mechanism is crucial for the protection of water resources in mining areas. In this study, the soil water content (depth 0–1000 cm) of a typical coal mine subsidence area in the western part of Shendong Coal Group was monitored in situ for 1 year after mining, and the absolute value, variability, and spatial distribution of soil water content were temporally analysed by combining classical statistics, 2D Ordinary Kriging and 3D Empirical Bayesian kriging spatial interpolation. sequence analysis. The results showed that the shallow SWC (0 ~ 60 cm) was distributed horizontally in bands, and gradually increased along the direction from northwest to southeast; with the increase of coal mining time, the absolute value of SWC decreased by 0.81% ~ 33.58%, and the coefficient of variation decreased and then increased, with the range of variation from 2.19% ~ 34.49%. The deep SWC (100 ~ 1000 cm) was stratified vertically and increased with soil depth, and the shallow and deeper soil moisture would gradually migrate to the middle layer under the influence of coal mining. In addition, this paper accurately portrays the three‐dimensional spatial and temporal distribution of soil water content by the 3D EBK model, which further reveals the mechanism of coal mining's influence on soil water content. This study can provide technical and data support for predicting and evaluating the potential impacts of mining activities on the water cycle, and help mining areas to formulate policies for managing and protecting water resources.
Microsaccades Tracking by Secondary Speckle Pattern Analysis
Authors: Shteinberg Ola , Agdarov Sergey , Beiderman Yafim , Bonneh Yoram S. , Ziv Inbal , Kalyuzhner Zeev , Zalevsky Zeev
Published: September 2024

Here we propose a not pupil‐dependent microsaccades tracking technique and a novel detection method. We present a proof of concept for detecting microsaccades using a non‐contact laser‐based photonic system recording and processing the temporal changes of speckle patterns scattered from an eye sclera. The data, simultaneously recorded by the speckle‐based tracker (SBT) and the video‐based eye tracker (Eyelink), was analyzed by the frequently used detection method of Engbert and Kliegl (E&K) and by advanced machine learning detection (MLD) techniques. We detected 93% of microsaccades in the SBT data out of microsaccades detected in the Eyelink data with the E&K method. By utilizing MLD, a precision of 86% was achieved. The findings of our study demonstrate a potential improvement in measuring tiny eye movements, such as microsaccades, using speckle‐based eye tracking and, thus, an alternative to video‐based eye tracking for detecting microsaccades.
The model‐sizing dilemma: The use of varied female model sizes helps the impressions of brand values but hurts shopping ease
Authors: D'Angelo Jennifer K. , Ross Gretchen R.
Published: September 2024

Consumer demand for size‐inclusive fashion is growing, including the call for clothing to be modeled in larger sizes. This call has prompted brands to decide how to model their clothing, in particular, on category pages (i.e., webpages where consumers compare different items). Should brands use varied model sizing, where clothing is presented using models of various sizes? Or should brands use traditionally thin models who are the same nonvaried model size? This research explores female consumers' responses to varied model sizing. Across five studies, we demonstrate a model‐sizing dilemma where female consumers rate impressions of brand values higher but rate shopping ease lower when brands use varied rather than nonvaried model sizing. We show the decrease in shopping ease is driven by lower perceptions of organization during the shopping experience. Importantly, we find that this dilemma can be mitigated by displaying varied model sizing in a more organized manner using hover and filter features.
Performance regulation of the TFC NF membrane via the introduction of oleic acid into different organic solvents
Authors: Lu Yandong , Ning Jiaxu , Zong Yue , Ding Fu , Liu Gaige , Zhang Ruijun
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Tailored design of high‐performance nanofiltration membranes is desirable. The physicochemical properties of the organic phaseare essential for the preparation of nanofiltration membranes. Therefore, byfine‐tuning the organic phase, it is possible to achieve nanofiltrationmembranes with enhanced performance.

RESULTS

In this work, oleic acid, a naturally extracted fatty acid, wasintroduced into three different organic solvents (n‐heptane, n‐octane andisopar G) to construct special oil phases for interfacial polymerization. Testingresults showed that proper dosage of oleic acid addition can effectivelydecrease the nanofiltration membrane pore size and enhance the salt rejectionregardless of the solvent type. Taking n‐octane as example, 5% oleic acidaddition in it can decrease the mean pore size from 0.500 nm to 0.341 nm and improve the MgSO4 rejection from 52.4% to 95.5%. Further characterizationindicated that the introduction of oleic acid into organic solvent cansignificantly reduce the interfacial tension and promote the diffusion of piperazinefrom aqueous phase to the oil phase. In addition, oleic acid could react with piperazineand produce some white particles that could be embed into the polyamide layer, thus altering the surface morphology.

CONCLUSION

In this work, a novel modified thin film composite nanofiltration membrane was prepared by a simple and controllable oleic acid assisted interfacial polymerization strategy, which exhibits good water permeability, solute selectivity and antifouling property. Without changing the existing process, our strategy opens up a simple, environmentally friendly and operable route for the synthesis of thin film composite nanofiltration membranes. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Effect of computer aided detection device on the adenoma detection rate and serrated detection rate among trainee fellows
Authors: Khouri Anas , Dickson Chance , Green Alvin , Hanjar Abrahim , Sonnier William
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims

The utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) with computer‐aided detection (CADe) has the potential to increase the adenoma detection rate (ADR) by up to 30% in expert settings and specialized centers. The impact of CADe on serrated polyp detection rates (SDR) and academic trainees ADR & SDR remains underexplored. We aim to investigate the effect of CADe on ADR and SDR at an academic center with various levels of providers' experience.

Methods

A single‐center retrospective analysis was conducted on asymptomatic patients between the ages of 45 and 75 who underwent screening colonoscopy. Colonoscopy reports were reviewed for 3 months prior to the introduction of GI Genius™ (Medtronic, USA) and 3 months after its implementation. The primary outcome was ADR and SDR with and without CADe.

Results

Totally 658 colonoscopies were eligible for analysis. CADe resulted in statistically significant improvement in SDR from 8.92% to 14.1% (P = 0.037). The (ADR + SDR) with CADe and without CADe was 58% and 55.1%, respectively (P = 0.46). Average colonoscopy (CSC) withdrawal time was 17.33 min (SD 10) with the device compared with 17.35 min (SD 9) without the device (P = 0.98).

Conclusion

In this study, GI Genius™ was associated with a statistically significant increase in SDR alone, but not in ADR or (ADR + SDR), likely secondary to the more elusive nature of serrated polyps compared to adenomatous polyps. The use of CADe did not affect withdrawal time.
Machine learning for nanozyme development in anti‐inflammatory applications
Authors: Yu Yixin , Zhu Zhicheng , Zhang Ziqi , Liu Xinyu , Guo Yu , Chen Dehong , Zhu Zhiling
Published: September 2024

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play pivotal roles in diverse physiological processes, exerting a significant influence on various organ systems within the human body. Recently, there has been a notable upswing in the design of nanomaterials based on natural enzymes with the ability to scavenge ROS. These nanomaterials hold promise as potent alternatives to conventional antioxidants. However, the conventional design of these materials has often relied on empirical and trial‐and‐error methods, posing challenges in capturing the intricate conformational relationships of nanozymes. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate rational design strategies and applications of nanozymes. Primarily, it advocates for an in‐depth exploration of nanozyme mechanisms to facilitate precise design. Four rational design strategies: biomimetic design, experimental laws‐driven design, computation‐driven design, and data‐driven design are scrutinized while considering their respective advantages, disadvantages, and application conditions. The review subsequently delves into the diverse applications of nanozymes across fields such as inflammatory diseases treatment, disease diagnosis, and environmental applications. Finally, the review outlines the challenges and prospects associated with the rational design of nanozymes while providing a comprehensive overview of this burgeoning area of research.
Cultural safety in radiation therapy education: Identifying knowledge deficits to improve Indigenous health practice
Authors: Naidoo Thashmira , Chamunyonga Crispen , Burbery Julie , Rutledge Peta
Published: September 2024

Reducing health disparities for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples requires the integration of cultural safety into healthcare education. This commentary paper addresses cultural safety in the context of the radiation therapy profession and emphasises the importance of making practitioners aware of the knowledge gaps in healthcare practice. The educational strategies to improve cultural awareness amongst undergraduate students and qualified radiation therapists (RTs) are explored. The authors propose a range of recommendations to enhance cultural awareness amongst RTs in the context of Indigenous Australian care, aimed at promoting improved experiences for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples receiving cancer care. Curriculum integration and development of initiatives such as workshops and interactive yarning groups are highlighted as pivotal platforms that foster continuous learning in radiation therapy.
Application of scoby bacterial cellulose as hydrocolloids on physicochemical, textural and sensory characteristics of mango jam
Authors: Chong Ann Qi , Chin Nyuk Ling , Talib Rosnita A. , Basha Roseliza Kadir
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

The scoby pellicle of symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast is a by‐product from kombucha fermentation. While a portion is used as starter culture, the remainder is often discarded, yet it can be a valuable source of bacterial cellulose.

RESULTS

Scoby from black, green and oolong tea kombucha fermentation was assessed for its hydrocolloid effects in mango jam‐making through evaluation of physicochemical, textural and sensory characteristics. Quality of jam was significantly improved with water activity reduction up to 22.22% to 0.679, moisture content reduction up to 37.06% to 19.92%, and a pH drop up to 5.9% to 3.19 with the use of 20 to 100 g kg−1 scoby. In colour analysis, presence of scoby led to a brighter jam due to higher values from 30.98 to a range of 31.82 to 40.83. Texture of jam with scoby gave higher gel strength and adhesiveness, with the most prominent effects from the black tea kombucha. Overall acceptability in sensory test scoring was above 70% on a nine‐point hedonic scale with the 40 g kg−1 green tea kombucha scoby jam chosen as the most preferred.

CONCLUSION

Scoby gave significant contributions to jam stability, appearance and texture, showing potential as a clean‐label food ingredient. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Identifying freshness of various chilled pork cuts using rapid imaging analysis
Authors: Cheng Haoran , Li Jinglei , Yang Yulong , Zhou Gang , Xu Baocai , Yang Liu
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Determining the freshness of chilled pork is of paramount importance to consumers worldwide. Established freshness indicators such as total viable count, total volatile basic nitrogen and pH are destructive and time‐consuming. Color change in chilled pork is also associated with freshness. However, traditional detection methods using handheld colorimeters are expensive, inconvenient and prone to limitations in accuracy. Substantial progress has been made in methods for pork preservation and freshness evaluation. However, traditional methods often necessitate expensive equipment or specialized expertise, restricting their accessibility to general consumers and small‐scale traders. Therefore, developing a user‐friendly, rapid and economical method is of particular importance.

RESULTS

This study conducted image analysis of photographs captured by smartphone cameras of chilled pork stored at 4 °C for 7 days. The analysis tracked color changes, which were then used to develop predictive models for freshness indicators. Compared to handheld colorimeters, smartphone image analysis demonstrated superior stability and accuracy in color data acquisition. Machine learning regression models, particularly the random forest and decision tree models, achieved prediction accuracies of more than 80% and 90%, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Our study provides a feasible and practical non‐destructive approach to determining the freshness of chilled pork. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.