bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Evolution and Key Themes in Food Policy: A Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) Approach
Authors: Liu Yang
Published: January 2025

This study explores food safety law research using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model, analyzing 2540 papers from the Web of Science (1996–2024). Nine key themes were identified: Public Health and Food Safety, Health Management and Supply Chain, Implementation Strategies and Consumer Rights, Behavior and Policy Regulation, Welfare and Impact Assessment, Purchasing Patterns and Product Performance, Food Industry Regulations and Control Measures, Sectoral Support and Risk Assessment, and Agricultural Systems and Environmental Concerns. The latter theme received the most attention, highlighting a focus on sustainable agriculture and environmental stewardship. The study notes a decline in research on Health Management and Supply Chain and Implementation Strategies and Consumer Rights, possibly due to their maturation or the rising importance of environmental issues. Secondary analysis of Agricultural Systems and Environmental Concerns revealed an interdisciplinary nexus of chemistry, environment, and health. Geographical analysis showed diverse national priorities: Australia and Japan emphasized regulatory and consumer themes, while France and India prioritized agricultural sustainability. High entropy values in China and the U.S. indicated broad research themes, while lower entropy in Azerbaijan and Bulgaria reflected concentrated focus. The findings offer actionable recommendations tailored to stakeholders. Policymakers should prioritize adaptive regulations that address emerging health threats and integrate real‐time data systems. Industry professionals are encouraged to adopt advanced technologies, such as blockchain and AI, to enhance food safety and traceability. Researchers are advised to explore intersections between food safety, public health, and environmental sustainability to inform evidence‐based policy reforms. These steps aim to address global challenges, promote public health, and ensure resilient food systems.
Comment on: Differences in Setting of Initial Dementia Diagnosis Among Fee‐For‐Service Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Wu Yujiao , Zhang Zhengyu , Li Yaling , Li Jun
Published: January 2025

See the related reply by White et al.
Living in the Zone: Incorporating Richard Rothstein's The Color of Law into the Business Law Curriculum
Authors: Shannon Sean J.
Published: January 2025

Making business law topics relevant to students’ lived experiences can be challenging, but there is one business issue that all students share: the need for housing. One aspect of the present housing crisis is the continuing patterns of residential segregation. To address the legacy costs of past practices of residential segregation, students should understand the underlying role of business law in residential housing and how business law can be used to solve these challenges. To aid business law and real estate instructors wishing to address these issues, this teaching note provides exercises using Richard Rothstein's The Color of Law.
Study of Demographic Characteristics, Management Details and Early Life Outcomes of Indigenous Infants With Chronic Neonatal Lung Disease in North Queensland
Authors: Rogers Matthew , Vangaveti Venkat , Ireland Susan , Puvvadi Ramaa
Published: January 2025

Objective

To study the demographic characteristics, risk factors, management details and clinical outcomes to 12 months corrected age in indigenous and non‐indigenous infants with chronic neonatal lung disease in North Queensland.

Design

Retrospective cohort study of infants with chronic neonatal lung disease admitted to a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in regional Queensland from January 2015 to December 2019.

Results

There were 139 infants with chronic neonatal lung disease and 425 controls. The incidence of chronic neonatal lung disease in infants born at < 33 weeks gestational age was 32.6% versus 20.4% in indigenous and non‐indigenous infants, respectively (OR 1.8, p value 0.001). Indigenous infants had significantly lower birth weight (830 g vs. 1000 g, p value 0.039), higher rate of maternal smoking during the pregnancy (57.4% vs. 25%, p value < 0.001), were less likely to be inborn (71.4% vs. 88.2%, p value 0.017) or receive adequate course of antenatal corticosteroids (30.2% vs. 59.2%, p value < 0.001), had increased incidence of grade 2 intraventricular haemorrhage (17.5% vs. 4%, p value 0.01) and were more likely to reside in a very remote locality (17.4% vs. 3.9%, p < 0.001). Identified risk factors for chronic neonatal lung disease included lower birth weight (OR 0.99, p value 0.014), lower birth gestation (OR 1.57, p value 0.003), longer duration of continuous positive airway pressure (OR 1.004, p value < 0.001), longer duration of humidified high‐flow nasal prongs (OR 1.003, p < 0.001), doses of surfactant (OR 1.55, p value 0.038) and receiving post‐natal steroids (OR 19.03, p < 0.001). There were no other significant differences in comorbidities, management, complications, number of hospital admissions or weight to 12‐months corrected age.

Conclusions

Indigenous infants had increased antenatal risk factors for chronic neonatal lung disease and account for a disproportionate number of cases, however, their outcomes to 12 months corrected age were similar to non‐indigenous infants.
GATA3‐COMT1‐Melatonin as Upstream Signaling of ABA Participated in Se‐Enhanced Cold Tolerance by Regulate Iron Uptake and Distribution in Cucumis sativus L
Authors: Wen Dan , Yang Ning , Zhang Wenjun , Wang Xiao , Zhang Jibo , Nie Wenjing , Song Hualu , Sun Shasha , Zhang Haijuan , Han Yujuan , Qi Mingfang
Published: January 2025

Selenium has the function of bio‐stimulating hormone. However, the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms of melatonin and abscisic acid as secondary messengers in improving cold tolerance by selenium are limited. This study investigated the effects of selenite on the cold stress of cucumber seedlings. The results showed that the content of endogenesis abscisic acid significantly changed with exogenous application of selenite under cold stress. Interestingly, we found that the content of iron significantly changed in this process. Iron uptake and distribution may be the important reason of selenium alleviates cold injury of cucumber seedlings. Whole genes transcriptome was used for screening key genes on leaf and root of cucumber seedlings. To determine the interrelation between abscisic acid and melatonin in selenite alleviating cold stress, abscisic acid inhibitor fluridone and melatonin synthesis inhibitor p‐chlorophenylalanine were used for in‐depth study. The results indicate that melatonin as upstream signal of ABA involved in selenium enhanced cucumber cold tolerance. The results of yeast single hybridization, EMSA, LUC, and overexpression transgenic showed that the transcription factor CsGATA3 regulates the expression of CsCOMT1 in vitro and in vivo and affects melatonin content. This study provides a theoretical basis for cucumber cultivation and breeding.
Relating Photoperiod and Outdoor Temperature With Sleep Architecture in Patients With Neuropsychiatric Sleep Disorders
Authors: Weihrich Katy Sarah , Bes Frederik , de Zeeuw Jan , Haberecht Martin , Kunz Dieter
Published: January 2025

While artificial light in urban environments was previously thought to override seasonality in humans, recent studies have challenged this assumption. We aimed to explore the relationship between seasonally varying environmental factors and changes in sleep architecture in patients with neuropsychiatric sleep disorders by comparing two consecutive years. In 770 patients, three‐night polysomnography was performed at the Clinic for Sleep & Chronomedicine (St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany) in 2018/2019. Sleep times were adjusted to patients' preferred schedules, patients slept in, and were unaware of day‐night indicators. Digital devices and clocks were not allowed. Days were spent outside the lab with work or naps not allowed. After exclusions (mostly due to psychotropic medication), analysis was conducted on the second PSG‐night in 377 patients (49.1 ± 16.8 year; 54% female). Sleep parameters were plotted as 90‐day moving‐averages (MvA) across date‐of‐record. Periodicity and seasonal windows in the MvA were identified by utilizing autocorrelations. Linear mixed‐effect models were applied to seasonal windows. Sleep parameters were correlated with same‐day photoperiod, temperature, and sunshine duration. The MvA of total sleep time (TST) and REM sleep began a 5‐month‐long decline shortly after the last occurrence of freezing 24‐h mean temperatures (correlation of TST between 2018 and 2019 at 2‐month lag: rs361 = 0.87, p < 0.001; maximum peak‐to‐nadir amplitude: ΔTST ~ 62 min, ΔREM ~ 24 min). The MvA nadirs of slow wave sleep (SWS) occurred approximately at the autumnal equinox (correlation between 2018 and 2019: rs361 = 0.83, p < 0.001). Post hoc testing following significant linear mixed‐effect model indicate that TST and REM sleep were longer around November till February than May till August (ΔTST = 36 min; ΔREM = 14 min), while SWS was 23 min longer around February till May than August till November. Proportional seasonal variation of SWS and of REM sleep as percentages of TST differed profoundly (SWS = 31.6%; REM = 8.4%). In patients with neuropsychiatric sleep disorders living in an urban environment, data collected in 2018 show similar patterns and magnitudes in seasonal variation of sleep architecture as the 2019 data. Interestingly, whereas SWS patterns were consistent between years with possible links to photoperiod, annual variations of TST and REM sleep seem to be related to times of outside freezing temperature. For generalization, the data need to be confirmed in a healthy population. No clinical trial was registered.
Privacy‐preserving awareness in sensor deployment for traffic flow surveillance
Authors: Hao Ruru , Liang Shixiao , Zhai Ziyang , Zhou Hang , Wang Xin , Li Xiaopeng , Guan Tianhao
Published: January 2025

The deployment of sensors to monitor traffic flow between origin–destination (OD) pairs, within a specified budget, remains a critical concern for both academic researchers and transportation managers. While these technologies are essential for capturing traffic data, the aspect of privacy has often been overlooked. To bridge this gap, this paper introduced the concept of privacy distance and then proposed an integer programming model to optimize traffic sensor locations by maximizing the coverage of traffic flow while taking into account the punishment brought by the risk of privacy leakage. Furthermore, to address the computational efficiency problem in large‐scale networks, a flow threshold is set to properly remove some OD pairs to balance the model tractability and computational efficiency. Two case studies of different sizes are carried out to discuss the performance. Case 1 validated the effectiveness of the model, while case 2 demonstrated its capability to handle large‐scale problems. The experimental results show that for large‐scale networks, setting a flow threshold can reduce computation time by 96% at the cost of sacrificing 12% of the OD coverage.
Superficial Fungal Infections and Artificial Intelligence: A Review on Current Advances and Opportunities: REVISION
Authors: Hasan Pour Bahareh
Published: January 2025

Background

Superficial fungal infections are among the most common infections in world, they mainly affect skin, nails and scalp without further invasion. Superficial fungal diseases are conventionally diagnosed with direct microscopy, fungal culture or histopathology, treated with topical or systemic antifungal agents and prevented in immunocompetent patients by improving personal hygiene. However, conventional diagnostic tests can be time‐consuming, also treatment can be insufficient or ineffective and prevention can prove to be demanding. Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to a digital system having an intelligence akin to a human being. The concept of AI has existed since 1956, but hasn't been practicalised until recently. AI has revolutionised medical research in the recent years, promising to influence almost all specialties of medicine.

Objective

An increasing number of articles have been published about the usage of AI in cutaneous mycoses.

Methods

In this review, the key findings of articles about utilisation of AI in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of superficial fungal infections are summarised. Moreover, the need for more research and development is highlighted.

Results

Fifty‐four studies were reviewed. Onychomycosis was the most researched superficial fungal infection. AI can be used diagnosing fungi in macroscopic and microscopic images and classify them to some extent. AI can be a tool and be used as a part of something bigger to diagnose superficial mycoses.

Conclusion

AI can be used in all three steps of diagnosing, treating and preventing. AI can be a tool complementary to the clinician's skills and laboratory results.
Large Peritoneal Macrophages Play No Role in the Pathogenesis of Postoperative Ileus Induced by Intestinal Manipulation
Authors: Wang Zheng , Modave Elodie , Delfini Marcello , Appeltans Iris , Boeckxstaens Guy , Stakenborg Nathalie
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Postoperative ileus (POI) is an iatrogenic disorder marked by temporary impaired gastrointestinal (GI) motility post‐abdominal surgery. Surgical handling of the intestine activates resident macrophages (Mfs), leading to inflammatory cytokine release and leukocyte recruitment into the muscularis, which compromises intestinal contractility. The mechanisms behind this activation are unclear. Recent studies suggest peritoneal Mfs, particularly large peritoneal macrophages (LPMs), might play a role in sterile intestinal inflammation by rapidly recruiting to the serosal layer of the gut and aiding in tissue damage resolution.

Methods

To identify immune cells involved in the early phase of POI, single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) was conducted. The migration of LPMs post‐surgery was studied using adoptive transfer techniques. LPMs were depleted via intraperitoneal injection of clodronate liposomes. Subsequently, flow cytometry, quantitative PCR (qPCR), and immunofluorescence were performed to assess the impact of LPM depletion and analyze cell populations and inflammatory effects.

Results

(1) Intestinal manipulation (IM) leads to the accumulation of monocytes, neutrophils, mature Mfs, CD8+ T cells, and LPMs within 2 h post‐surgery. (2) Heparin treatment does not affect gut transit or reduce IL‐6, IL‐1a, and IL‐1b expression in the early phase of POI. (3) Depletion of LPMs via clodronate liposome does not prevent monocyte, neutrophil, and Mfs infiltration in the muscularis externa, nor does it improve gut transit or reduce cytokine expression. (4) LPMs migrate to the serosa after IM but do not enter the muscularis externa.

Conclusion and Inferences

LPMs adhere to the intestinal serosa following intestinal manipulation but do not migrate into the intestinal muscularis or participate in the inflammatory response and delayed transit. Consequently, LPMs are not involved in the pathogenesis of POI.
Lineage‐specific patterns in the Moraceae family allow identification of convergent P450 enzymes involved in furanocoumarin biosynthesis
Authors: Bouillé Alexandre , Larbat Romain , Kumari Rashmi , Olry Alexandre , Charles Clément , Nelson David R. , Thornton Janet , Villard Cloé , Hehn Alain
Published: January 2025

Specialized metabolites are molecules involved in plants' interaction with their environment. Elucidating their biosynthetic pathways is a challenging but rewarding task, leading to societal applications and ecological insights. Furanocoumarins emerged multiple times in Angiosperms, raising the question of how different enzymes evolved into catalyzing identical reactions.

To identify enzymes producing lineage‐specific metabolites, an evolutionary‐based approach was developed and applied to furanocoumarin biosynthesis in Ficus carica (Moraceae). This led to the characterization of CYP71B129–131a, three P450 enzymes whose evolution of the function was investigated using phylogenetics, structural comparisons and site‐directed mutagenesis.

CYP71B129 and CYP71B130,131a were found to hydroxylate umbelliferone (coumarin) and xanthotoxin (furanocoumarin), respectively. Results suggest that CYP71Bs xanthotoxin hydroxylase activity results from duplications and functional divergence of umbelliferone hydroxylase genes. Structural comparisons highlighted an amino acid affecting CYP71Bs substrate specificity, which may play a key role in allowing xanthotoxin hydroxylation in several P450 subfamilies.

CYP71B130‐131a characterization validates the proposed enzyme‐discovery approach, which can be applied to different pathways and help to avoid the classic bottlenecks of specialized metabolism elucidation. The CYP71Bs also exemplify how furanocoumarin‐biosynthetic enzymes can stem from coumarin‐biosynthetic ones and provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the multiple emergences of xanthotoxin hydroxylation in distant P450 subfamilies.
The soil bacterium Lysobacter capsici attaches to the nematode surface, and triggers induced systemic resistance in barley, impairing the invasion of root‐lesion nematodes
Authors: Elhady Ahmed , Topalović Olivera , Heuer Holger
Published: January 2025

Root‐lesion nematodes pose a global threat to crop yield and stability, with their broad host range presenting a formidable challenge for effective management. In this study, we investigated the role of the nematode‐attached bacterium Lysobacter capsici in mitigating the invasion of Pratylenchus penetrans into spring barley roots. Using a split‐root system, we demonstrated that the cuticle‐attached bacterium significantly reduced nematode invasion by 75–77% as compared to the nematodes without L. capsici. This reduction was predominantly due to the induction of systemic defense in the plants, and partially due to the bacterium's local antagonism in contact with the nematode. Compared to the nematodes without L. capsici, the reduced root invasion of P. penetrans with attached bacteria differed over time and was particularly observed at 48‐ and 72 h post‐inoculation. Notably, the reduction in nematode invasion was more pronounced when L. capsici cells were attached to the nematode cuticle than when the bacteria were applied systemically and were not directly interacting with the nematodes. In addition, transcriptional analyses revealed a higher expression of the barley pathogenesis‐related gene PR1 in response to the nematodes with attached bacteria compared to the surface‐sterilized nematodes or L. capsici cells. This suggests that nematodes carry bacteria inside the roots that activate plant defense. Our study showed the potential of L. capsici to effectively manage nematode populations and improve plant health by inducing the plant immune system upon nematode invasion.
Carbon and nutrient solubility in live and dead Betula pubescens leaves across a boreal retrogressive chronosequence
Authors: Berg Noomi , Jonsson Micael , Sponseller Ryan A. , Wardle David A. , Metcalfe Daniel B.
Published: January 2025

Leaching – the release of elements from organic matter through dissolution in water – plays an important role in biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem processes. However, our limited understanding of the patterns and underlying drivers of element solubility in leaves hinders accurate predictions of leaching over space and time in terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, we quantify the solubility of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from leaves of Betula pubescens – a widespread boreal tree species – across a post‐fire retrogressive chronosequence. We then relate solubility to variation in leaf‐level traits and ecosystem properties (e.g. soil chemistry, tree density and productivity) across the chronosequence to quantify micro‐ and macro‐scale determinants of leaching. We find that P is much more soluble than C and N and is released in solution mainly in readily accessible mineral form. Solubility patterns are strongly related to foliar chemical and structural traits, particularly for green leaves. Metrics related to ecosystem properties exert a stronger influence over solubility from senesced leaf litter. Overall, our results indicate that leaching could constitute an important flux of nutrients to the soil, particularly for P. The rate and spatio‐temporal pattern of this leaching flux may be predicted from foliar traits and ecosystem properties. Further application of the method should allow for rapid integration of leaching‐related foliar traits into broader plant trait frameworks and models of ecosystem biogeochemical cycling.
Temporal effects of road disturbance on the spread of non‐native plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in subarctic mountain ecosystems
Authors: Clavel Jan , Lembrechts Jonas J. , Vermeire Tom , Chernoray Violetta , Milbau Ann , Lejeune Millie , Vanhoutte Inez , Pellegrini Emma , Rathgeber Janessa , Verbruggen Erik , Nijs Ivan
Published: January 2025

Roads in cold climate mountains are known to be important vectors in the introduction and spread of non‐native plant species. In the same context, mycorrhizal fungi communities are altered by roads, with a known positive effect on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi diversity and abundance in disturbed roadsides. However, to what degree these two effects of roads are intertwined and how they are evolving over time is not well understood. In this study we conducted repeated surveys of non‐native plants and AM fungi between 2012 and 2022, in the northern Scandes mountains to investigate temporal changes and interactions between roads, mycorrhizal fungi and non‐native plants. We found that the upward spread of non‐native plants and lateral spread away from the roadside into the natural vegetation were so far extremely limited, with only two out of 23 non‐native species showing an increase in their upper elevational limit. However, non‐native plant species cover did increase over the ten year period, especially at lower elevations, and non‐native richness increased from 17 to 23 species. Likewise, we saw an increase in AM fungal abundance over the last four years along the roadsides at lower elevations. Furthermore, our results suggest that increases in non‐native species are unlikely to be the driving cause of the observed increase in AM fungal abundance, as AM fungi colonization varied independently of non‐native species cover dynamics.
Associations between maternal fish intake and polyunsaturated fatty acid status with childhood asthma in a high fish‐eating population
Authors: Henry Cealan O. , Allsopp Philip J. , Yeates Alison J. , Spence Toni , Conway Marie C. , Mulhern Maria S. , Shroff Emelyn , Shamlaye Conrad F. , Henderson Juliette , van Wijngaarden Edwin , Myers Gary J. , Strain J. J. , McSorley Emeir M.
Published: January 2025

Background

Studies investigating associations between prenatal polyunsaturated fatty acid status (PUFAs), in particular the anti‐inflammatory n‐3 PUFAs, and the development of childhood asthma have yielded conflicting results.

Objective

To determine the associations between maternal fish intake (a rich source of the n‐3 PUFAs), maternal or cord PUFAs with the prevalence of childhood asthma in a high fish‐eating population.

Methods

We examined these associations between fish intake and PUFA concentrations with childhood asthma prevalence in the Seychelles Child Development Study Nutrition Cohort 2, a large observational study in a high fish‐eating population. Maternal fish intake during pregnancy and child's fish intake at 7 years were assessed by questionnaire, with frequency reported as meals/week. Serum concentrations of PUFAs were quantified in maternal blood collected at 28 weeks' gestation (n = 1448) and in cord blood (n = 1088). Asthma in children at 7 years was assessed using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire (n = 1098).

Results

A total of 97 children (10.5%) were reported to have asthma. In regression analysis, the odds of childhood asthma were not associated with maternal fish intake or maternal PUFA status. Cord DHA concentrations were associated with increased asthma prevalence when the highest quartile (≥0.123 mg/mL) was compared with the lowest (<0.061 mg/mL).

Conclusion

The results from this current study add to the growing body of evidence that fish consumption during pregnancy is not associated with asthma development in offspring. The associations between cord blood DHA and asthma prevalence are unexpected and warrant further investigation.
Comparative bioactivity analysis of latex and water extract of Euphorbia gaillardotii: chemical profile, antioxidant capacity, effects on water quality, in vitro antimicrobial‐cytotoxic activities, and in silico molecular docking studies
Authors: Husunet Mehmet Tahir , Mese Rumeysa , Yigittekin Esra Sunduz , Ila Hasan Basri
Published: January 2025

The genus Euphorbia, belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae, represents a significant ethnobotanical heritage due to the diverse bioactive properties exhibited. In this study, the phytochemical composition and biological activities of latex and aerial parts of the water extract of Euphorbia gaillardotii were investigated. Phytochemical analyses were performed using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography techniques and total antioxidants, phenolics, sugars, organic acids, and aroma components were quantitatively determined. The effects of the test compounds on physicochemical parameters in aqueous media were evaluated by electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen concentration, and pH measurements. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated on Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria and yeast strains using the disk diffusion method. The cytotoxic activity on the MCF‐7 human breast cancer cell line was measured spectrophotometrically using the Cell Counting Kit‐8 proliferation/apoptosis detection kit. The results showed that E. gaillardotii latex and aerial parts water extract significantly affected the physicochemical parameters of aqueous media, especially at high concentrations. The test substances displayed antimicrobial activity, with the latex‐impregnated disks demonstrating larger inhibition zones than the aerial parts extract. The results showed that both the latex and extract treatments exhibited concentration‐dependent effects on MCF‐7 cell viability (P < 0.001). Furthermore, in silico docking analyses revealed a robust binding affinity of succinic acid, the most prevalent bioactive compound in the extract, towards the B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) molecule, with a binding energy of −6.16 kcal/mol. This may be associated with the observed cytotoxicity. These results suggest that E. gaillardotii may be a valuable source for potential pharmacological applications.
Prognostic Value of Combined Detection of MMP‐7 and ALP Levels in Children With Biliary Atresia Post‐Kasai Surgery
Authors: Li Qingzhi , Ye Chaoxiang , Gao Wei
Published: January 2025

Objective

Biliary atresia (BA) remains a prevalent indication for pediatric liver transplantation (LT). We investigated the prognostic value of the serum matrix metalloproteinases 7 (MMP‐7) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level combined detection for BA children post‐Kasai surgery.

Methods

This study retrospectively enrolled 85 BA children who underwent Kasai surgery. They were divided into the native liver (NL) and LT groups based on their three‐year postoperative prognosis. Serum MMP‐7 and ALP levels were measured by ELISA. The relationship of intraoperative serum MMP‐7 and ALP levels with preoperative gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT), and their impact on the risk of postoperative LT were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient and Kaplan–Meier curves. The independent risk factors (IRFs) for postoperative LT and the predictive value of the serum MMP‐7 and ALP level combined detection for postoperative LT in BA children were analyzed by Cox regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. MedCalc software compared the areas under the ROC curves (AUC).

Results

Significant differences were observed between the two groups in BA classification, postoperative jaundice clearance rate, and cholangitis occurrence. Intraoperative serum MMP‐7 and ALP levels were higher in the LT group and positively correlated with preoperative GGT. High MMP‐7 and ALP levels were IRFs for postoperative LT, while significant jaundice clearance was a protective factor. Combined MMP‐7 and ALP detection (0.926 AUC, 91.30% sensitivity, 87.18% specificity) significantly improved the prediction for LT.

Conclusion

High MMP‐7 and ALP levels are IRFs for post‐Kasai surgery LT in BA children, with their combination providing superior predictive value.
Attitude change by facilitating choice: Experimentally evaluating a social identity‐based intervention to nativist populist rhetoric
Authors: Shayegh John , Baysu Gülseli , Turner Rhiannon N.
Published: January 2025

Nativist populism is on the rise across many liberal democratic contexts, yet we know relatively less about how to challenge its negative impacts. This study investigates the effectiveness of a novel intervention designed to counter nativist populist rhetoric. We draw on a social identity mobilization approach, and across two randomized control experiments in the United Kingdom (n = 850), test whether showing people how social identities can be used for influence effectively challenges populist and anti‐immigrant attitudes. In study 1, we found significantly lower populist attitudes among participants who received the intervention versus control. However, we did not observe any significant differences in anti‐immigrant attitudes. In study 2, we developed the immigration materials and employed a more comprehensive assessment that considered pre‐existing attitudes. Results replicated the effects on populist attitudes but did not indicate impacts on anti‐immigration attitudes. Notably, the effects on populist attitudes were maintained after controlling for age, gender, education, political orientation, and political interest. Overall, our intervention represents a novel avenue to addressing challenges posed by nativist populist rhetoric. Furthermore, the paper highlights the potential of leveraging social identity mobilization research to challenge political rhetoric, contributing wider insights for future interventions.
Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Does Not Accelerate Fear Extinction: A Randomized, Sham‐Controlled Study
Authors: D'Agostini Martina , Vanden Bossche Lucas , Burger Andreas M. , Van Diest Ilse
Published: January 2025

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been tested as a strategy to facilitate fear extinction learning based on the hypothesis that taVNS increases central noradrenergic activity. Four studies out of six found taVNS to enhance extinction learning especially at the beginning of extinction. Facilitatory effects of taVNS were mainly observed in US expectancy, less in fear‐potentiated startle (FPS), and not in the skin conductance response (SCR). Suboptimal stimulation parameters may explain the reported mixed results. Also, variability in selected fear conditioning paradigms and statistical power impedes the comparability between studies. This study sought to further test whether taVNS accelerates fear extinction learning as indexed by US expectancy, FPS, and SCR. Similar to most previous studies, we employed a differential fear conditioning paradigm. The left ear of 79 healthy participants was stimulated with either sham (earlobe) or taVNS (cymba concha) during extinction learning. To maximize the beneficial effects of taVNS, the stimulation of the left cymba concha was administered continuously at the maximum level below the pain threshold. Results of the pre‐registered frequentist and exploratory Bayesian analyses indicate that taVNS did not accelerate extinction learning in any of the outcomes. The null results indicate that taVNS with commonly used stimulation parameters does not reliably optimize fear extinction learning. More research is needed to test if the stimulation protocol determines the efficacy of taVNS in optimizing fear extinction learning.
Untrustworthiness
Authors: Tallant Jonathan
Published: January 2025

Discussions of trustworthiness are not ubiquitous in the philosophical literature (compare remarks by Jones 2012, 61). Nonetheless, there are some attempted analyses and there is excellent work ongoing. The goal of this paper is to focus on trustworthiness's even less discussed opposite: untrustworthiness. So far as I can tell, the concept has gone largely undiscussed in the philosophical literature. This is unfortunate. For, just as Hawley (2014) points out that a theory of trust must be rendered compatible with a theory of distrust, so (I claim) a theory of trustworthiness must be rendered compatible with a theory of untrustworthiness. A further wrinkle to be introduced along the way is the need for a further distinction: cases where we must talk, not of trustworthiness or untrustworthiness, but of neither.
Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours and Associated Factors in Caregivers of Patients With Chronic Mental Illnesses: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Akcam Merve , Altan Sarikaya Nihan
Published: January 2025

Background

According to the community‐based model, caregivers play a major role in the care of patients with chronic mental illness. However, caregivers have little time to attend to their own health needs and tend to ignore their health. Caregivers with healthy lifestyle behaviours are likely to achieve greater physical and psychological well‐being.

Aim

This study aims to assess the healthy lifestyle behaviours and associated factors for the caregivers of patients with chronic mental illnesses.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted at the psychiatry outpatient clinic of a hospital in Northwest Turkey, and the sample consisted of 122 caregivers. Data were collected using both a personal information form and the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours Scale II.

Results

The Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours Scale II score of the caregivers was 124.37 ± 28.02. The mean total Healthy Lifestyle Behaviour Score significantly varied depending on the caregiver's education level, income, caregiving experience and burnout experiences, the number of psychiatric hospitalisations of their patients in their lifetime and the perceived financial impact and social impact of their care (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The results suggest that psychiatric nurses should play a more active role in protecting and improving caregivers' health and well‐being by developing psychoeducational programmes that could help caregivers adopt healthy lifestyle behaviours.
Analyzing Asymmetry in Exchange Rates of Arctic Nations in Response to Oil Price Shocks
Authors: Baek Jungho
Published: January 2025

This study introduces a novel approach by utilising both structural VAR and nonlinear ARDL methods to investigate the short‐ and long‐term asymmetric effects of different oil shocks—oil supply, aggregate demand and oil‐specific demand shocks—on the exchange rates of six Arctic nations: Canada, Finland, Denmark, Norway, Russia and Sweden, over the period from January 1994 to December 2022. Our findings indicate that oil‐specific demand shocks have a substantial impact on exchange rates in both the short‐ and long‐term, while oil supply and aggregate demand shocks have minimal effects on currency fluctuations. Importantly, our analysis reveals new evidence of long‐term asymmetry in the influence of oil shocks on exchange rates in these Arctic economies, with asymmetric effects mainly manifesting over the long‐term. Thus, our research enriches our understanding of the distinct impacts of different oil price shocks on exchange rates, especially within the relatively unexplored context of Arctic economies.
Typicality analysis on statistical shape model-based average head and its head-related transfer functions
Authors: Wang Yewei , Yu Guangzheng
Published: January 2025

In acoustics, an artificial head generally comprises two pinnae and occasionally a torso, which are useful for recording binaural signals and acquiring head-related transfer functions (HRTFs). Currently, most artificial heads are designed based on the anthropometric parameters of specific populations. However, anthropometric parameters do not accurately express head surface shapes, and thus, typical HRTFs are difficult to generate. Thus, this study presents a statistical shape model-based average head of 100 Chinese adults and comprehensively presents its repeatable design process. Furthermore, to validate the representativeness of the statistical shape model-based average head in terms of the head surface shape features and acoustical characteristics, its anthropometric parameters are compared with those of the 100 subjects. Moreover, the representativeness of statistical shape model-based average head's HRTFs is verified through the typical HRTFs clustered from the entire HRTF database. Owing to the clear and concise design process, the proposed method can be easily applied and promoted to a new population.
Associations Between Movement Behaviors, Cognition, and Academic Achievement in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gonçalves João P. , Ferreira Gabriela , Lopes Luís , Sousa-Sá Eduarda , Santos Rute
Published: January 2025

Objective: This systematic review summarizes the literature on the associations between movement behaviors (eg, sleep, sedentary behavior, and physical activity [PA]) and cognition, and academic achievement (AA) in children and adolescents. Methods: Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus) were searched from inception until October 2023. Results: This systematic review included 24 reports, representing 48,558 youth aged 6–17.9 years. Ten reports (46%) showed a high risk of bias, and overall quality of evidence ranged from very low to moderate. No reports assessed the associations between sleep and cognition; 1 cross-sectional report showed beneficial associations between sleep and AA. Sedentary behaviors showed null associations with AA in 43% of the reports; however, screen time was detrimentally associated with AA in all reports. Overall, 57% of the reports looking at the associations between PA and cognition showed beneficial associations; 53% showed beneficial associations between PA and AA; 56% of the randomized controlled trials showed beneficial impacts on cognition (3 out of 5) or on AA (2 out of 4). Conclusions: Overall, this systematic review showed evidence of beneficial associations between PA and cognition and AA, as well as detrimental effects of screen time. Due to the many inconsistent results found for sedentary behavior, together with scarce data on associations between sleep duration and cognition, and AA in children and adolescents, more research is needed so researchers can draw strong and evidence-based conclusions.
Rethinking Rigor: Using Positionality and Reflexivity to Enhance Sport Management Scholarship
Authors: Sveinson Katherine , Delia Elizabeth , Melton Nicole , Dalal Keegan , Cunningham George
Published: January 2025

All researchers bring lived experiences and knowledge into their research. However, traditional means of evaluating research to establish rigor, such as validity, reliability, or trustworthiness tend to overlook researcher identities or experiences that uniquely inform research processes. We argue for acknowledging such subjectivity in research, utilizing positionality and reflexivity to enhance rigor in more purposeful and less routine ways. In a 10-year review of articles in three flagship sport management journals, we found fewer than 10% explicitly discussed positionality and even fewer demonstrated rigor enhancement via reflexivity. In analyzing these cases, we found researchers commonly report positionality as enhancing the research, bias reduction, and/or compliance. We strongly recommend scholars engage in positionality and reflexivity practices, and our goal with this paper is to encourage reporting them in their research, as they are valuable pieces of data that enhance academic rigor and transparency in all research paradigms.
Advances in engineering nanoparticles for magnetic particle imaging (MPI)
Authors: Velazquez-Albino Ambar C. , Imhoff Eric Daniel , Rinaldi-Ramos Carlos M.
Published: January 2025

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging imaging modality with exciting biomedical applications, such as cell tracking, blood pool imaging, and image-guided magnetic hyperthermia. MPI is unique in that signal is generated entirely by synthetic nanoparticle tracers, motivating precise engineering of magnetic nanoparticle properties including size, shape, composition, and coating to address the needs of specific applications. However, success in many applications and in clinical transition requires development of high-sensitivity and high-resolution tracers, for which there is considerable room for improvement. This review summarizes recent advancements in MPI tracer synthesis and compares reported tracers in terms of sensitivity and resolution. In making these comparisons, we point out inconsistencies in reporting of MPI tracer properties. To overcome this challenge, we propose a list of properties to standardize characterization and reporting of new MPI tracers and improve communication within the field.
Open-set deep learning–enabled single-cell Raman spectroscopy for rapid identification of airborne pathogens in real-world environments
Authors: Zhu Longji , Yang Yunan , Xu Fei , Lu Xinyu , Shuai Mingrui , An Zhulin , Chen Xiaomeng , Li Hu , Martin Francis L. , Vikesland Peter J. , Ren Bin , Tian Zhong-Qun , Zhu Yong-Guan , Cui Li
Published: January 2025

Pathogenic bioaerosols are critical for outbreaks of airborne disease; however, rapidly and accurately identifying pathogens directly from complex air environments remains highly challenging. We present an advanced method that combines open-set deep learning (OSDL) with single-cell Raman spectroscopy to identify pathogens in real-world air containing diverse unknown indigenous bacteria that cannot be fully included in training sets. To test and further enhance identification, we constructed the Raman datasets of aerosolized bacteria. Through optimizing OSDL algorithms and training strategies, Raman-OSDL achieves 93% accuracy for five target airborne pathogens, 84% accuracy for untrained air bacteria, and 36% reduction in false positive rates compared to conventional close-set algorithms. It offers a high detection sensitivity down to 1:1000. When applied to real air containing >4600 bacterial species, our method accurately identifies single or multiple pathogens simultaneously within an hour. This single-cell tool advances rapidly surveilling pathogens in complex environments to prevent infection transmission.
Tgfβ signaling stimulates glycolysis to promote the genesis of synovial joint interzone in developing mouse embryonic limbs
Authors: Song Chao , Sawall Jasmin Koehnken , Ji Xing , Song Fangfang , Liao Xueyang , Peng Renpeng , Ren Hao , Koyama Eiki , Pacifici Maurizio , Long Fanxin
Published: January 2025

The initial interzone cells for synovial joints originate from chondrocytes, but such critical transition is minimally understood. With single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of murine embryonic knee joint primordia, we discovered that heightened expression of glycolysis genes characterized developing interzone cells when compared to flanking chondrocytes. Conditional deletion of the glucose transporters
Glut1
and/or
Glut3
, in either the incipient pre-skeletal mesenchyme with
Prx1Cre
or in chondrocytes with
Col2Cre
, disrupted interzone formation dose-dependently. In contrast, deletion of
Glut1
/
3
in established interzone cells with
Gdf5Cre
did not have similar severe disruption of joint development. scRNA-seq revealed that
Glut1/3
deletion by
Prx1Cre
impeded Tgfβ signaling in the developing interzone cells. Direct elimination of Tgfβ signaling with
Prx1Cre
partially phenocopied the deletion of
Glut1/3
in impairing interzone formation. Tgfβ stimulated glycolysis in chondrocytes via activation of mTOR and Hif1α in vitro. The data support that the essential conversion of chondrocytes to interzone cells requires a transient elevation of glycolysis partly dependent on Tgfβ signaling.
North Pontic crossroads: Mobility in Ukraine from the Bronze Age to the early modern period
Authors: Saag Lehti , Utevska Olga , Zadnikov Stanislav , Shramko Iryna , Gorbenko Kyrylo , Bandrivskyi Mykola , Pavliv Dmytro , Bruyako Igor , Grechko Denys , Okatenko Vitalii , Toshev Gennadi , Andrukh Svitlana , Radziyevska Vira , Buynov Yurii , Kotenko Viktoriia , Smyrnov Oleksandr , Petrauskas Oleg , Magomedov Borys , Didenko Serhii , Heiko Anatolii , Reida Roman , Sapiehin Serhii , Aksonov Viktor , Laptiev Oleksii , Terskyi Svyatoslav , Skorokhod Viacheslav , Zhyhola Vitalii , Sytyi Yurii , Järve Mari , Scheib Christiana Lyn , Anastasiadou Kyriaki , Kelly Monica , Williams Mia , Silva Marina , Barrington Christopher , Gilardet Alexandre , Macleod Ruairidh , Skoglund Pontus , Thomas Mark G.
Published: January 2025

The North Pontic region, which encompasses present-day Ukraine, was a crossroads of migration, connecting the vast Eurasian Steppe with Central Europe. We generated shotgun-sequenced genomic data for 91 individuals dating from around 7000 BCE to 1800 CE to study migration and mobility history in the region, with a particular focus on historically attested migrating groups during the Iron Age and the medieval period. We infer a high degree of temporal heterogeneity in ancestry, with fluctuating genetic affinities to different present-day Eurasian groups. We also infer high heterogeneity in ancestry within geographically, culturally, and socially defined groups. Despite this, we find that ancestry components which are widespread in Eastern and Central Europe have been present in the Ukraine region since the Bronze Age. In short, our study reveals a diverse range of ancestries in the Ukraine region through time as a result of frequent movements, assimilation, and contacts.
Unveiling the role of adhesin proteins in controlling
Acinetobacter baumannii
infections: a systematic review
Authors: Pereira Isabel Ladeira , Hartwig Daiane Drawanz
Published: January 2025

Combating multidrug-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
is considered a priority by the World Health Organization. Virulence mechanisms, such as biofilm formation, multidrug resistance, and high adherence to both biotic and abiotic surfaces, underscore the urgency of exploring approaches to control this pathogen. The search for new antibiotic compounds and alternative strategies like immunotherapies and vaccination offers potential solutions to address this pressing health concern. In this context, adhesins play a crucial role in the pathogenicity and virulence of
A. baumannii
, making them potential targets for therapeutic interventions. To address this, we conducted a systematic review of
A. baumannii
adhesin research from the last decade (2013–2023). We reviewed 24 papers: 6 utilizing reverse vaccinology bioinformatic tools to predict adhesin targets for vaccine construction, 17 employing DNA recombinant techniques for
in vivo
active and passive immunization or
in vitro
antibody-mediated therapy assays, and 1 paper exploring the impact of pyrogallol therapy on
A. baumannii
virulence mechanisms. Our review identified over 20 potential targets with significant findings. We screened and summarized these targets to aid in further exploration of therapies and prevention.