bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acoustic Float Tracking with the Kalman Smoother
Authors: Chamberlain Paul , Cornuelle Bruce , Talley Lynne D. , Speer Kevin , Hancock Cathrine , Riser Stephen
Published: July 2022

Acoustically-tracked subsurface floats provide insights into ocean complexity and were first deployed over 60 years ago. A standard tracking method uses a Least-Squares algorithm to estimate float trajectories based on acoustic ranging from moored sound sources. However, infrequent or imperfect data challenge such estimates, and Least-Squares algorithms are vulnerable to non-Gaussian errors. Acoustic tracking is currently the only feasible strategy for recovering float positions in the sea ice region, a focus of this study. Acoustic records recovered from under-ice floats frequently lack continuous sound source coverage. This is because environmental factors such as surface sound channels and rough sea ice attenuate acoustic signals, while operational considerations make polar sound sources expensive and difficult to deploy. Here we present a Kalman Smoother approach that, by including some estimates of float behavior, extends tracking to situations with more challenging data sets. The Kalman Smoother constructs dynamically constrained, error-minimized float tracks and variance ellipses using all possible position data. This algorithm outperforms the Least-Squares approach and a Kalman Filter in numerical experiments. The Kalman Smoother is applied to previously-tracked floats from the southeast Pacific (DIMES experiment), and the results are compared with existing trajectories constructed using the Least- Squares algorithm. The Kalman Smoother is also used to reconstruct the trajectories of a set of previously untracked, acoustically-enabled Argo floats in the Weddell Sea.
Occupational Therapist Led Cognitive Stimulation Therapy: Feasibility of Implementation
Authors: Collins Kristin , Hanna Madona , Makarski Julie , Kastner Monika
Published: July 2022

Background. Despite local training opportunities for Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) for occupational therapists, there has been limited evaluation of the feasibility of implementation in Canada. Purpose. This study explored the feasibility of CST delivery by an occupational therapist in an Ontario health care setting and the impact it may have on self-efficacy and hope measures of individuals with dementia. Methods. A mixed-methods experimental pre/post design was used. Survey measures included hope, self-efficacy, feasibility, satisfaction, and individual session evaluation. Semistructured focus groups were held for participants and facilitators. Findings. Quantitative findings are summarized descriptively for the 10 participants. Qualitative findings were grouped into themes: social connectedness, knowledge gained and shared, tailored implementation adjustments, and need for long-term programing. Implications. Occupational therapists are well-positioned to implement CST and should be a part of further research to test the intervention rigorously for applicability within a range of Canadian health care settings.
Bridging bureaucracy and activism: Challenges of activist state-work in the 1980s Greater London Council
Authors: Joubert Tim
Published: July 2022

An emerging literature on ‘new municipalism’ has identified attempts not only to transform local state functions to respond to the urban crises of neoliberal austerity, but also to transform the structure and practices of the state itself, embedding democratic processes into local government. This article utilises the historical experience of the ‘new urban left’ within the Greater London Council (GLC) from 1981 to 1986 to explore the internal dynamics of state transformation in a context of municipal activism. It situates the GLC’s progressive policy responses to the urban crises of the early 1980s within a more quotidian project of state remaking, in which activists worked in-and-against the established political cultures and practices of the local state. The new urban left’s transformative, rather than simply instrumental, approach to the local state – rooted in the democratic politics of progressive social movements – challenges straightforward dichotomies between state and society. The article frames these nascent municipalist characteristics with a theoretical argument based on an autonomist-Marxist account of the state as a form of social relations, one that emphasises how capitalist crises pivot on the internal contradictions of labour. This reading directs theoretical attention to the ‘prosaic’ labour of state officials, and the article thus considers the quotidian experience of politicised officials in the GLC, whose activity blurred boundaries between political activism and professional labour. The practical contradictions involved in such forms of ‘activist state-work’– working within bureaucratic and legal limits, experimenting with new organisational forms, and negotiating contested workplace subjectivities – reveal forms of boundary-bridging between activism and statehood that highlight the potentially transformative dynamics within the labour of local governance. This unstable tightrope-walk between bureaucratic constraint and political agency at the nexus of state-work contributes to new municipalist thinking about reshaping the conduct of urban governance.
Indian Board of Orthodontics Case Report: Management of Facial Asymmetry in a Severe Class III Malocclusion Case: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Pradeep Subbaiah
Published: July 2022

In orthodontic therapy alone, perhaps in skeletal class III cases with facial asymmetry, achieving an excellent occlusal result and maintaining a stable posttreatment occlusion is difficult. Growth modification should begin before the pubertal growth spurt; there are only 2 options after that. Adults with skeletal class III malocclusions require orthognathic surgery in addition to traditional orthodontic treatment to boost self-esteem, restore normal occlusion, and improve facial harmony. Unquestionably, a multidisciplinary approach is required to achieve exceptional treatment outcomes in adult patients with diverse skeletal and dental issues. In order to provide a comprehensive therapeutic outcome for the patient, an orthodontist must collaborate with a surgeon.
Changing publication practices and the typification of the journal article in science and technology studies
Authors: Kaltenbrunner Wolfgang , Birch Kean , van Leeuwen Thed , Amuchastegui Maria
Published: July 2022

In this article, we study the development of the STS journal article format since the 1980s. Our analysis is based on quantitative data that suggest that the diversity of various journal publication types has diminished over the past four decades, while the format of research articles has become increasingly typified. We contextualize these historical shifts in qualitative terms, drawing on a set of 76 interviews with STS scholars and other stakeholders in scholarly publishing. Here, we first portray the STS publication culture of the 1980s and early 1990s. We then contrast this with an analysis of publishing practices today, which are characterized by a much more structured research process that is largely organized around the production of typified journal articles. Whereas earlier studies have often emphasized the importance of rhetorical persuasion strategies as drivers in the development of scholarly communication formats, our analysis highlights a complementary and historically novel set of shaping factors, namely, increasingly quantified research (self-)assessment practices in the context of a projectification of academic life. We argue that reliance on a highly structured publication format is a distinct strategy for making STS scholarship ‘doable’ in the sense of facilitating the planning ability and daily conduct of research across a variety of levels – including the writing process, collaboration with peers, attracting funding, and interaction with journals. We conclude by reflecting on the advantages and downsides of the typification of journal articles for STS.
Severity of Hospitalized Children with Anti-NMDAR Autoimmune Encephalitis
Authors: Fan Mingxing , Sun Wenjie , Chen Danrong , Dong Tianyu , Yan Wu , Zhang Mingzhi , Yang Haibo , Li Jun , Wang Xu
Published: July 2022

Background: Information on the clinical characteristics and severity of autoimmune encephalitis with antibodies against the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in children is attracting more and more attention in the field of pediatric research. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, all cases (n = 67) were enrolled from a tertiary children's hospital, from 2017 to 2020. We compared severe cases that received intensive care unit (ICU) care with nonsevere cases that did not receive ICU care and used machine learning algorithm to predict the severity of children, as well as using immunologic and viral nucleic acid tests to identify possible pathogenic triggers. Results: Mean age of children was 8.29 (standard deviation 4.09) years, and 41 (61.19%) were girls. Eleven (16.42%) were admitted to the ICU, and 56 (83.58%) were admitted to neurology ward. Ten individual parameters were statistically significant differences between severe cases and nonsevere cases ( P < .05), including headache, abnormal mental behavior or cognitive impairment, seizures, concomitant tumors, sputum/blood pathogens, blood globulin, blood urea nitrogen, blood immunoglobulin G, blood immunoglobulin M, and number of polynucleated cells in cerebrospinal fluid. Random forest regression model presented that the overall prediction power of severity reached 0.806, among which the number of polynucleated cells in cerebrospinal fluid contributed the most. Potential pathogenic causes exhibited that the proportion of mycoplasma was the highest, followed by Epstein-Barr virus. Conclusion: Our findings provided evidence for early identification of autoimmune encephalitis in children, especially in severe cases.
Multi-scale modeling of an atomic force microscope tip for the study of frictional properties and oscillation behavior
Authors: Kouroshian Ehsan , Parvaneh Vali , Abbasi Mohammad
Published: July 2022

In this paper, the vibrational behavior of the atomic force microscope (AFM) on a graphene sheet sample was analyzed using a multi-scale model. The cantilever and silicone tip base were simulated using continuum mechanics and finite element modeling, while the tip apex was modeled using Tersoff potential and structural mechanics modeling. The modified Morse potential was used to model the single-layer graphene, and the Lennard-jones potential was employed as nonlinear springs to model the interactions between the graphene layers and the tip-sample. In addition, the contact behavior between the tip and graphene was investigated by measuring the friction force during the movement of the tip on the graphene sheet, and the results were compared to those obtained from a molecular dynamics simulation and an experimental test. The friction force between the tip and graphene increased by enhancing the tip radius and the contact surface between the tip and the sample. With the initial distance displacement of the tip from the sample, two curves of the tip oscillation amplitude variations and the tip oscillation and excitation vibration phase shift were plotted. In conclusion, the results of the present multi-scale model are compared with those of the MD simulation and demonstrate the strong correlation between the proposed model and the MD model.
A nature-inspired optimal design for a ventilated brake disc
Authors: Shinde Dinesh , Öktem Hasan , Uygur Ilyas
Published: July 2022

Brake discs are critical automobile components that provide the braking effect and ultimately ensure the safety of passengers. Because of intermittent braking operations, brake discs are subjected to fluctuating loads and are provided with ventilation to facilitate cooling. The present study utilized a combination of response surface methodology parametric analysis, finite element analysis, statistical analysis, predictive modeling, and design optimization. Based on the response surface methodology design of experimental runs, ventilated brake discs were modeled considering the critical design parameters, viz., radius of center hole, thickness of inboard and outboard plate, height of vanes, and offset. Using finite element analysis, the brake discs were simulated under actual braking conditions for fatigue life cycles. Thirty-two (32) trial finite element analysis trials were performed. The obtained results were interpreted using ANOVA and an effective predictive model was established. Parametric analysis was performed using plots of response surface methodology and contours to predict the optimal parameter settings. In addition, two nature-inspired optimization techniques, the genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization, were implemented and the optimal design parameter settings were determined for maximum fatigue life. The genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization produced 7.67% better results than the parametric analysis, clearly demonstrating that the proposed design techniques exhibited significant performance improvement compared to widely used classical techniques.
Revisiting the Eden Project: The geometry of the Domes
Authors: Sanchez-Alvarez Jaime
Published: July 2022

The Eden Project in Cornwall, UK, has probably the largest greenhouse complex in the world, comprehending eight interconnected spherical geodesic domes. The geometric design and optimisation of the double-layered spherical structures focussed primarily on the hexagonal grids of the external dome surfaces, where optimisation consisted of minimising the number of component types, being these components, faces, line lengths and angle combinations at grid nodes. The present article reviews the general geometric definition of the Eden Domes and elaborates, for the first time since the domes design around the year 2000, on their geometric optimisation. The results of this rationalisation are presented in colour images, which were produced with state-of-the-art (2021) software tools 20 years after the design development. The images reveal the geometric ‘economy’ – here, the extreme reduction of geometric component types – and the high symmetrical order of these structural configurations. The aim of the present paper is to present the thorough geometric specification of the Eden Domes in a single document that answers in detail the question of how the Eden Domes grids were geometrically constructed.
I have lost my Identity: Disease Management Challenges of the Women Suffering from Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Mishra Anindya Jayanta , Sharma Swati
Published: July 2022

The main symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are hirsutism, menstrual irregularity, obesity, infertility, and so on. Respondents for the present study were interviewed at Sri Maharaja Gulab Singh (SMGS) Hospital in the Jammu district of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir in India. In-depth interviews were conducted for 41 respondents suffering from PCOS. It was observed that women in this part of the country fail to understand this disease and expressed their dilemma related to it. Except for a few, majority of the respondents were not aware that the disease they were suffering from was PCOS. For unmarried women, this disease was either the onset of hirsutism or menstrual irregularity or acne whereas for married ones, it was usually the onset of infertility. Depending upon their social desire, they consulted doctor to get rid of that particular symptom only. By means of constructivist perspective, it was found that it is the social impact of PCOS which makes these women to consult a doctor. In India, role of women is usually determined by their social status, and this determines their health-seeking behaviour. Since married women with no children are looked down in the Indian society, these women seek treatment only for infertility. Similarly, unmarried women fail to understand physiological disturbances resulting in menstrual irregularity and they seek treatment for that. Others wanted treatment for acne and hirsutism. There was an absence of common discourse related to PCOS due to which different respondents had different expressions for the same disease.
Utility of Neonatal Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (nSOFA) Score for Neonatal Mortality Prediction
Authors: Srikanth Mankala , Kumar Nirmal
Published: July 2022

Aims and Objectives:

(a) Utility of neonatal sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score for predicting mortality in neonatal sepsis. (b) Determining a cut-off score of neonatal sequential organ failure assessment (nSOFA) score in relation to mortality.

Materials and Methods:

Prospective pilot study in neonatal intensive care unit (ICU) for 1 year (January-December 2021).

Inclusion Criteria:

All neonates (inborn and outborn) admitted to neonatal ICU with the diagnosis of presumed or proven sepsis.

Exclusion Criteria:

Neonates with critical congenital heart disease, congenital malformations, congenital immunodeficiency syndromes, inborn errors of metabolism, and neonates with birth asphyxia. All neonates admitted in neonatal ICU with the diagnosis of presumed or proven sepsis were included in the study. Variables required for nSOFA were assessed along with general demographic like age, gestational age, and so on. The nSOFA score was documented twice, once at the time of admission (initial evaluation) for sepsis and later at 24 h. The final outcome (survivor/nonsurvivor) was recorded. Data was analyzed to see the correlation of nSOFA to outcome and also to see the predictive value of cut-off nSOFA score to outcome.

Results:

A total of 60 neonates with presumed or proven sepsis (30 each in term and preterm) were admitted, of which 10 (16.7%) were nonsurvivors (6 preterms and 4 term), P value .731. Four deaths were observed in outborn (n = 38) and 6 in inborn (n = 22) babies, P value .149. The mean (±standard deviation [SD]) of age (days) and weight (kg) among survivors was 11.24 (9.47) and 2.23 (0.69) and for nonsurvivors was 11.2 (11.9) and 1.9 (1.1), respectively, P value >.05. There was no statistical significance observed between survivors and nonsurvivors in relation to blood culture positivity, P value .17. Mean (±SD) nSOFA score among survivors at the time of admission (initial evaluation) was 1.96 (1.69) and at 24 h was 1.16 (1.48). Among nonsurvivors mean (±SD), admission (initial evaluation) nSOFA score was 7.6 (2.0) and at 24 h 10 (2) was observed, P value of <.001. The mean (±SD) of nSOFA changes (at the time of admission and at 24 h) for survivors (–)0.8(1.14) and for nonsurvivors 2.4 (1.17) was observed, P value <.001. Outcome in relation to nSOFA score, 90.0% mortality was observed with the score of ≥6 at the time of admission (initial evaluation) and score of ≥5 at 24 h. Based on these cut-off values, receiver operating characteristic curve for mortality prediction was calculated. Area under curve (AUC) for admission (initial) was 0.972 (sensitivity 90%, specificity 98%, positive predictive value 90%, negative predictive value 98, with accuracy of 96.7%). At 24 h, AUC was 0.999 (sensitivity 100%, specificity 98%, positive predictive value 90.9%, negative predictive value 100, with accuracy of 98.3%).

Conclusion:

nSOFA can predict neonatal mortality due to sepsis. Admission nSOFA score of ≥6 and ≥5 at 24 h correlate well with mortality.
Psychometric Assessment of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Indonesian Mothers
Authors: Sandhi Ayyu , Dennis Cindy-Lee , Kuo Shu-Yu
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) in Indonesian postpartum women. We conducted a cross-sectional study including 237 postpartum women in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. Participants completed the BSES-SF, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Construct validity, internal reliability, and divergent validity were examined using confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, and Pearson’s correlations. We identified a unidimensional structure through confirmatory factor analysis with an excellent internal consistency by Cronbach’s alpha of .90. Divergent validity was evidenced by low correlation of the BSES-SF with the depressive symptoms (EPDS, r = −.21; HADS-D, r = −.17, p < .05) and anxiety symptoms (HADS-A, r = −.15, p = .02). It is concluded that the Indonesian version of BSES-SF is a valid and reliable measurement tool to assess breastfeeding self-efficacy among postpartum women.
Optimizing Blood Loss and Management in Craniosynostosis Surgery: A Systematic Review of Outcomes Over the Last 40 Years
Authors: Coombs Demetrius M. , Knackstedt Rebecca , Patel Niyant
Published: July 2022

Surgical correction of craniosynostosis can involve significant blood loss. Rates of allogenic blood transfusion have been reported to approach 100%. Multiple interventions have been described to reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements. The aim of this study was to analyze various approaches over the last 4 decades to optimize blood loss and management during craniosynostosis surgery.

PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. PubMed and Cochrane database searches identified studies analyzing approaches to minimizing blood loss or transfusion rate in craniosynostosis surgery.

Primary outcomes included rate or amount of allogenic or autologous blood transfusion, estimated blood loss (EBL), postoperative hemoglobin (Hg), or hematocrit (Hct) levels. Secondary outcomes were examined when reported.

Fifty-two studies met inclusion criteria. There was marked heterogeneity regarding design, inclusion criteria, surgical intervention, and endpoints. The majority of the studies were nonrandomized and noncomparative. Four studies analyzed erythropoietin (EPO), 6 analyzed various cell-saver (CS) technologies, 18 analyzed antifibrinolytics (tranexamic acid [TXA], aminocaproic acid [ACA], and aprotinin [APO]), 8 analyzed various alternatives, and 16 analyzed multimodal pathways & protocols. Some studies analyzed multiple approaches.

Although the majority of studies reviewed represent level III/IV evidence, several high-quality level I studies were identified and included. Level I evidence supported an improvement in blood outcomes by utilizing EPO, CS, and TXA, individually or in concert with one another. Thus, this review suggests that a multi-prong approach may be the most effective means to optimize blood loss and transfusion outcomes in craniosynostosis surgery.
The age, NT-proBNP, and Ejection Fraction Score as a Novel Predictor of Clinical Outcomes in CAD Patients After PCI
Authors: Fan Lei , Zhang Zeng-Lei , Tang Jun-Nan , Guo Qian-Qian , Zhang Jian-Chao , Cheng Meng-Die , Song Feng-Hua , Liu Zhi-Yu , Wang Kai , Jiang Li-Zhu , Yue Xiao-Ting , Bai Yan , Dai Xin-Ya , Zheng Ru-Jie , Zheng Ying-Ying , Zhang Jin-Ying
Published: July 2022

Background

Previous evidences have been proved that age, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and ejection fraction are tightly associated with the long-term outcomes in patients suffered from coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the prognosis value of age, NT-proBNP, and ejection fraction (ABEF) score in CAD patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

Observational cohort methodology was used in this study which enrolled totally 3561 patients. And the patients were followed up regularly for 37.59 ± 22.24 months. Patients were classed into three groups based on the tertiles of ABEF sore: first tertile (<5.06, n = 831), second tertile (5.06-6.25, n = 839), and third tertile (≥ 6.25, n = 834). The ABEF score was calculated as follows: age (years)/ejection fraction (%) + NT-proBNP (NT-proBNP<177pg/mL was 1, 177≤NT-proBNP≥524pg/mL was 2 and NT-proBNP > 524pg/mL is 3). The association between ABEF score and adverse prognosis, including all-cause death (ACD), cardiac death (CD), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), in patients who underwent PCI was analyzed.

Results

According to the risk category of ABEF score, the incidences of ACD ( P < .001), CD ( P < .001) and MACCEs ( P = .021) among the three groups showed significant differences. Multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that the respective risks of ACD and CD were increased 3.013 folds (hazard risk [HR] = 4.013 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.922-8.378], P < .001) and 4.922 folds ([HR] = 5.922 [95% [CI]: 2.253-15.566], P < .001) in the third tertile compared with those in the first tertile. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses showed that the cumulative risks of ACD,CD and MACCEs in patients with the high ABEF score tended to increase.

Conclusion

The present study indicated ABEF score was a novel biomarker suitable for predicting adverse prognosis in patients after PCI, which may be used for early recognition and risk stratification.
Rayleigh waves in thermoelasticity: Triple porous media in local thermal non-equilibrium
Authors: Zampoli Vittorio , Chiriţă Stan
Published: July 2022

Assuming the hypothesis of local thermal non-equilibrium, this work investigates the propagation of Rayleigh surface waves in a thermoelastic half-space, isotropic, homogeneous and structured with a triple level of porosity. Its surface is supposed to be stress-free, thermally insulated and characterized by null pressure boundary conditions. A class of wave solutions is highlighted for the differential system of the model, each solution satisfying suitable asymptotic conditions in the depth of the considered half-space. Then, the Rayleigh wave solution is sought as a linear combination of the elements of this class, and, moreover, by means of the selected boundary conditions, the associated secular equation is found. By solving the secular equation, the characteristics of the wave solution are determined: the propagation speed as well as the damping in time. With the purpose of clearly highlighting the characteristics of the model, the secular equation is solved numerically and significant graphical representations are provided, using the software packages Mathematica and MATLAB. This suggests an increase of the Rayleigh wave propagation speed, corroborated with the appearance of the damping in time of its amplitude.
The effect of new device on pain and comfort levels in individuals undergoing peripheral intravenous cannula insertion
Authors: Karabey Tuba , Karagözoğlu Şerife
Published: July 2022

Aim and objectives:

The purpose of this study is to see how ShotBlocker® affects the pain and comfort level associated with short peripheral intravenous cannula (PIV) insertion.

Methods:

The study was conducted on a single sample group using a pre-post design. Individuals in the sample group who underwent a brief PIV insertion procedure served as both the study’s control and intervention groups. In the sample group, the same nurse inserted a peripheral intravenous catheter into the cephalic veins of the right and left forearms using a standard insertion and ShotBlocker®. The pain and comfort levels were assessed using the VAS and Comfort Scale.

Results:

When the distribution of the average pain and comfort scores of the individuals treated with the peripheral intravenous catheter was examined, it was found that the average pain score of the peripheral intravenous catheter insertion using ShotBlocker® was statistically significantly lower than the peripheral intravenous catheter insertion using the standard method, and the comfort score averages were statistically higher. When the correlation between the pain and comfort score averages of individuals undergoing peripheral intravenous catheter insertions was investigated, a statistically significant and strong negative relationship ( p = 0.001) was discovered.

Conclusions:

As a result, the use of ShotBlocker® during the short PIV insertion procedure is an effective method to reduce the pain caused by the peripheral intravenous catheter. It was determined that the comfort level of the individuals increased as the pain due to peripheral intravenous catheter insertion decreased.
Application GIS and remote sensing for soil organic carbon mapping in a farm-scale in the hilly area of central Vietnam
Authors: Van Huynh Chuong , Pham Tung Gia , Nguyen Linh Hoang Khanh , Nguyen Hai Trung , Nguyen Phuong Thuy , Le Quy Ngoc Phuong , Tran Phuong Thị , Nguyen Mai Thi Hong , Tran Tuyet Thi Anh
Published: July 2022

Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) influences many soil properties including nutrient and water holding capacity, nutrient cycling and stability, improved water infiltration and aeration. It also is an essential parameter in the assessment of soil quality, especially for agricultural production. However, SOC mapping is a complicated process that is costly and time-consuming due to the physical challenges of the natural conditions that is being surveyed. The best model for SOC mapping is still in debate among many researchers. Recently, the development of machine learning and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) has provided the potential for more accurate spatial prediction of SOC content. This research was conducted in a relatively small-scale capacity in the Central Vietnam region. The aim of this study is to compare the accuracy of Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Ordinary Kriging (OK), and Random Forest (RF) methods for SOC interpolation, with a dataset of 47 soil samples for an area of 145 hectares. Three environmental variables including elevation, slope, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were used for the RF model. In the RF model, the values of the number of variables randomly sampled as candidates at each split, (mtry), and the number of bootstrap replicates, (ntree), were determined in terms of 1 and 1,000 respectively The results at our research site showed that using IDW is the most accurate method for SOC mapping, followed by the methods of RF and OK respectively. Concerning SOC mapping based-on auxiliary variables, in areas where there is human activity, the selection of auxiliary variables should be carefully considered because the variation in the SOC may not only be due to environmental variables but also by farming technologies.
Le Petit Machiavellian Prince: Effects of Latent Toxoplasmosis on Political Beliefs and Values
Authors: Kopecky Robin , Příplatová Lenka , Boschetti Silvia , Talmont-Kaminski Konrad , Flegr Jaroslav
Published: July 2022

Humans infected by Toxoplasma gondii express no specific symptoms but manifest higher incidence of many diseases, disorders and differences in personality and behavior. The aim of this study was to compare the political beliefs and values of Toxoplasma-infected and Toxoplasma-free participants. We measured beliefs and values of 2315 responders via an online survey (477 Toxoplasma-infected) using the Political Beliefs and Values Inventory (PI34). This study showed Toxoplasma-infected and Toxoplasma-free participants of our cross-sectional study differed in three of four factors of PI34, scoring higher in Tribalism and lower in Cultural liberalism and Anti-Authoritarianism. We found sex differences in political beliefs associated with Toxoplasma infection. Infected women scored higher in tribalism and lower in cultural liberalism, compared with the Toxoplasma-free control group, while infected men scored higher in economic equity. These results fit with sexual differences in behavior and attitude observed after toxoplasmosis infection. Controlling for the effect of worse physical health and mental health had little impact, suggesting that impaired health did not cause these changes. Rather than adaptation to prevalence of parasites, as suggested by parasite-stress theory, the differences might be side-effects of long-term mild inflammatory reaction. However, to get clear picture of the mild inflammation effects, more research focused on different infectious diseases is needed.
Effect of cone on efficiency improvement of a self-powered IoT-based hydro turbine
Authors: Takamure Kotaro , Uchiyama Tomomi , Horie Kosuke , Nakayama Hiroshi
Published: July 2022

This study aims to improve the power generation performance of the self-powered IoT turbine flowmeter developed in our previous study. To achieve this, a cone was installed at the front-center of the rotor to accelerate the water flow and streamline the resulting high-speed flow toward the blade near the periphery of the rotor. The experiments and flow simulations served to explore the effects of the cone on the characteristics of the flowmeter. The results demonstrate that both the power generated by the cone-equipped rotor and the pressure loss increases with increasing cone diameter [Formula: see text], Consequently, the power efficiency is maximum at [Formula: see text] D = 0.375, where D is the outer diameter of the blade. The pressure difference between the front and rear of the blade for the cone-equipped rotor with [Formula: see text] D = 0.375 is significantly larger than that of the rotor without the cone. This pressure difference increases the torque acting on the blade, which increases the rotational speed and output of the rotor. In addition to the improvement in performance, the introduction of the cone facilitates flowrate measurement because it enables the relationship between the flowrate and the rotational speed of the rotor to be expressed as a linear function.
Computing Components of Everyday Stress Responses: Exploring Conceptual Challenges and New Opportunities
Authors: Smyth Joshua M. , Zawadzki Matthew J. , Marcusson-Clavertz David , Scott Stacey B. , Johnson Jillian A. , Kim Jinhyuk , Toledo Meynard J. , Stawski Robert S. , Sliwinski Martin J. , Almeida David M.
Published: July 2022

Repeated assessments in everyday life enables collecting ecologically valid data on dynamic, within-persons processes. These methods have widespread utility and application and have been extensively used for the study of stressors and stress responses. Enhanced conceptual sophistication of characterizing intraindividual stress responses in everyday life would help advance the field. This article provides a pragmatic overview of approaches, opportunities, and challenges when intensive ambulatory methods are applied to study everyday stress responses in “real time.” We distinguish between three stress-response components (i.e., reactivity, recovery, and pileup) and focus on several fundamental questions: (a) What is the appropriate stress-free resting state (or “baseline”) for an individual in everyday life? (b) How does one index the magnitude of the initial response to a stressor (reactivity)? (c) Following a stressor, how can recovery be identified (e.g., when the stress response has completed)? and (d) Because stressors may not occur in isolation, how can one capture the temporal clustering of stressors and/or stress responses (pileup)? We also present initial ideas on applying this approach to intervention research. Although we focus on stress responses, these issues may inform many other dynamic intraindividual constructs and behaviors (e.g., physical activity, physiological processes, other subjective states) captured in ambulatory assessment.
The Kosovo war and the Washington Post: Bombings and alignments
Authors: Fleischer Astrid A
Published: July 2022

This article explores the alignments on the Kosovo war during the spring of 1999 in the Washington Post newspaper. How did the Washington Post represent the events during Operation Allied Force, NATO’s war against Yugoslavia? How did reporters align themselves with the narrated events? What linguistic and other means signal alignments in the Washington Post discourse on the war? The examined linguistic structures (evaluative vocabulary and agent inclusion/exclusion), the identified themes (in particular, demonization of the Serbs), and the lack of critical voices suggest an alignment with NATO and US government official discourse. The article concludes that the Washington Post did not challenge the dominant national discourse during the Kosovo war.
The FIFA 11+ Kids Injury Prevention Program Reduces Injury Rates Among Male Children Soccer Players: A Clustered Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Al Attar Wesam Saleh A. , Bizzini Mario , Alzahrani Hosam , Alarifi Saud , Ghulam Hussain , Alyami Mashaer , Alzhrani Msaad , Sanders Ross H.
Published: July 2022

Background:

The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 11+ Kids is an exercise-based injury prevention program developed by an international group of experts to prevent injuries among child soccer players.

Hypothesis:

It was hypothesized that the FIFA 11+ Kids program would be more effective than performing a typical warm-up regimen in reducing overall injuries among soccer players aged 7 to 13 years.

Study Design:

A clustered randomized controlled trial.

Level of Evidence:

Level 1.

Methods:

A total of 94 boys’ soccer teams, including 780 players, were randomly allocated into an experimental or control group. Complete datasets were collected from 45 teams (377 players) and 43 teams (363 players) in the experimental and control groups, respectively. The experimental group underwent the FIFA 11+ Kids program as a warm-up during training sessions and matches at least twice a week, and the control group continued performing their usual warm-ups. Participants were prospectively followed during 1 season (6 months). The primary outcomes included the incidence of overall and recurrent injuries and their mechanism and severity. The secondary outcome was the rate of compliance with the intervention program.

Results:

A total of 43 injuries were reported in the experimental group in 50,120 hours of exposure (0.85 injuries/1000 exposure hours). A total of 86 injuries were reported in the control group in 42,616 hours of exposure (2.01 injuries/1000 exposure hours). The injury risk ratio was 0.43 (0.29-0.61), suggesting that the experimental group experienced 57% fewer injuries than those in the control group.

Conclusion:

The FIFA 11+ Kids program reduced overall injury rates in children playing soccer more than the usual warm-ups.

Clinical Relevance:

The results of this study provide evidence for children’s coaches to consider including the FIFA 11+ Kids program in their warm-up regimen. Such a program may prevent injury risk and decrease absenteeism and injury-related financial burdens.
Frozen section telepathology service: Efficiency and benefits of an e-health policy in South Tyrol
Authors: Girolami Ilaria , Neri Stefania , Eccher Albino , Brunelli Matteo , Hanna Mattew , Pantanowitz Liron , Hanspeter Esther , Mazzoleni Guido
Published: July 2022

Objective/Background

Telepathology has been widely adopted to allow intraoperative pathology examinations to be performed remotely and for obtaining second opinion teleconsultation. In the Italian northern region of South Tyrol, the widespread geographical distances and consequent cost for the health system of having a travelling pathologist cover intraoperative consultations in peripheral hospitals was a key driver for the implementation of a telepathology system.

Methods

In 2010, four Menarini D-Sight whole slide scanners to digitize entire pathology slides were placed in the peripheral hospitals of Merano, Bressanone, Brunico, and in the hub hospital of Bolzano. Digital workstations were also installed to allow pathologists to remotely perform intraoperative consultations with digital slides. This study reviews the outcome after 12 years of telepathology for this intended clinical use.

Results

After an initial validation phase with 100 cases which yielded a sensitivity of 65% (CI 43–84%) and specificity of 100% (CI 95–100%), there were 2058 intraoperative consultations handled by telepathology. The cases evaluated were mainly breast sentinel lymph nodes, followed by urological, gynecological and general surgical pathology frozen section specimens. There were no false-positive cases and 165 (8%) false-negative cases, yielding an overall sensitivity and specificity of 65% (CI 61–69%) and 100% (CI 99–100%), respectively.

Conclusion

Telepathology is reliable for remote intraoperative diagnosis and, despite technical issues and initial acquaintance issues, proved beneficial for patient care in satellite hospitals, improved standardization, promoted innovation, and resulted in cost savings for the health system.
$50K @ Play Day: Applying Organizational Justice in an Evidence-Based Management Simulation
Authors: Waldrop Jessica S.
Published: July 2022

$50K @ Play Day is an in-class activity in which student groups apply their knowledge of organizational justice in a managerial decision-making scenario. In this simulation, student teams assume the leadership role of a successful corporate team and are tasked with distributing a monetary team award in a just manner. A comparison of student decisions provides the basis for class discussion on the pros and cons of each, as evidenced by the literature on organizational justice. This activity not only reinforces student knowledge of organizational justice but also exemplifies the practical use of organizational behavior as a critical piece of information to be used in managerial decision making. Instructions are provided to facilitate this activity in both in-person and online class environments.
Critical Literacy in Practice: How Educators Leverage Supports and Overcome Challenges to Enact Critical Literacy Pedagogy in Their Classrooms
Authors: Williams Olivia A.
Published: July 2022

This is a multiple case study exploring five high school English teachers’ perceived supports and challenges to enacting critical literacy pedagogy, and their experiences navigating the challenges. Through a structure/culture/agency framework, I sought to understand how these five teachers’ leveraging of supports and sense of agency in the face of challenges impacted the critical literacy choices they made in their classrooms. In order to understand how participants’ pedagogical challenges, supports, and agency all intersected to impact their critical literacy teaching, I used critical narrative analysis to explore the presence and/or absence of grammatical and framing agency in their narratives. The analysis found that participants mostly experienced challenges at the local (school) and institution level contexts, and navigated these challenges differently depending on the level of agency they saw themselves having in their schools.
Close to reality? Micro-/mesocosm communities do not represent natural macroinvertebrate communities
Authors: Reiber Lena , Foit Kaarina , Liess Matthias , Karaoglan Bilgin , Wogram Joern , Duquesne Sabine
Published: July 2022

Background

The European environmental risk assessment of plant protection products considers aquatic model ecosystem studies (microcosms/mesocosms, M/M) as suitable higher tier approach to assess treatment-related effects and to derive regulatory acceptable concentrations (RAC). However, it is under debate to what extent these artificial test systems reflect the risks of pesticidal substances with potential harmful effects on natural macroinvertebrate communities, and whether the field communities are adequately protected by the results of the M/M studies. We therefore compared the composition, sensitivity and vulnerability of benthic macroinvertebrates established in control (untreated) groups of 47 selected M/M studies with natural stream communities at 26 reference field sites.

Results

Since 2013 the number of benthic macroinvertebrate taxa present in M/M studies has increased by 39% to a mean of 38 families per study. However, there is only an average of 4 families per study that comply with the recommendations provided by EFSA (EFSA J 11:3290, 2013), i.e.: (i) allowing statistical identification of treatment-related effects of at least 70% according to theminimum detectable difference(here criteria are slightly modified) and (ii) belonging to insects or crustaceans (potentially sensitive taxa for pesticidal substances). Applying the criterion of physiological sensitivity according to the SPEARpesticidesconcept, the number of families decreases from 4 to 2.3 per study.

Conclusions

Most taxa established in recent M/M studies do not suitably represent natural freshwater communities. First, because their abundances are often not sufficient for statistical detection of treatment-related effects in order to determine an appropriate endpoint and subsequent RAC. Recommendations are given to improve the detectability of such effects and their reliability. Second, the taxa often do not represent especially sensitive or vulnerable taxa in natural communities in terms of their traits. The uncertainties linked to vulnerable taxa in M/M studies are especially high considering their representativity for field assemblages and the comparability of factors determining their recovery time. Thus considering recovery for deriving a RAC (i.e., ERO-RAC) is not recommended. In addition, this paper discusses further concerns regarding M/M studies in a broader regulatory context and recommends the development of alternative assessment tools and a shift towards a new paradigm.
Identification of immune-related and autophagy-related genes for the prediction of survival in bladder cancer
Authors: Zhu Quanfeng , Zhang Lingdi , Deng Yaping , Tang Leilei
Published: August 2022

Background

Bladder cancer has the characteristics of high morbidity and mortality, and the prevalence of bladder cancer has been increasing in recent years. Immune and autophagy related genes play important roles in cancer, but there are few studies on their effects on the prognosis of bladder cancer patients.

Methods

Using gene expression data from the TCGA-BLCA database, we clustered bladder cancer samples into 6 immune-related and autophagy-related molecular subtypes with different prognostic outcomes based on 2208 immune-related and autophagy-related genes. Six subtypes were divided into two groups which had significantly different prognosis. Differential expression analysis was used to explore genes closely related to the progression of bladder cancer. Then we used Cox stepwise regression to define a combination of gene expression levels and immune infiltration indexes to construct the risk model. Finally, we built a Nomogram which consist of risk score and several other prognosis-related clinical indicators.

Results

The risk model suggested that high expression of C5AR2, CSF3R, FBXW10, FCAR, GHR, OLR1, PGLYRP3, RASGRP4, S100A12 was associated with poor prognosis, while high expression level of CD96, IL10, MEFV pointed to a better prognosis. Validation by internal and external dataset suggested that our risk model had a high ability to discriminate between the outcomes of patients with bladder cancer. The immunohistochemical results basically confirmed our results. The C-Index value and Calibration curves verified the robustness of Nomogram.

Conclusions

Our study constructed a model that included a risk score for patients with bladder cancer, which provided a lot of helps to predict the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer.