bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation and evaluation of global ultrafine particle concentrations at the Earth's surface
Authors: Kohl Matthias , Lelieveld Jos , Chowdhury Sourangsu , Ehrhart Sebastian , Sharma Disha , Cheng Yafang , Tripathi Sachchida Nand , Sebastian Mathew , Pandithurai Govindan , Wang Hongli , Pozzer Andrea
Published: October 2023

Abstract. A new global dataset of annually averaged ultrafine particle (UFP) concentrations at the Earth's surface for the years 2015–2017 has been developed through numerical simulations using the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry model (EMAC). We present total and size-resolved concentrations along with their interannual variability. Size distributions of emitted particles from the contributing source sectors have been derived based on literature reports. The model results of UFP concentrations are evaluated using particle size distribution and particle number concentration measurements from available datasets and the literature. While we obtain reasonable agreement between the model results and observations (logarithmic-scale correlation of r=0.76 for non-remote, polluted regions), the highest values of observed, street-level UFP concentrations are systematically underestimated, whereas in rural environments close to urban areas the model generally overestimates observed UFP concentrations. As the relatively coarse global model does not resolve concentration gradients in urban centres and industrial UFP hotspots, high-resolution data of anthropogenic emissions are used to account for such differences in each model grid box, obtaining UFP concentrations with unprecedented 0.1∘×0.1∘ horizontal resolution at the Earth's surface. This observation-guided downscaling further improves the agreement with observations, leading to an increase in the logarithmic-scale correlation between observed and simulated UFP concentrations to r=0.84 in polluted environments (and 0.95 in all regions), a decrease in the root mean squared logarithmic error (from 0.57 to 0.43), and removal of discrepancies associated with air quality and population density gradients within the model grid boxes. The model results are made publicly available for studies on public health and other impacts of atmospheric UFPs, as well as for intercomparison with other regional and global models and datasets.
A new model for supraglacial hydrology evolution and drainage for the Greenland Ice Sheet (SHED v1.0)
Authors: Gantayat Prateek , Banwell Alison F. , Leeson Amber A. , Lea James M. , Petersen Dorthe , Gourmelen Noel , Fettweis Xavier
Published: October 2023

Abstract. The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is losing mass as the climate warms through both increased meltwater runoff and ice discharge at marine-terminating sectors. At the ice sheet surface, meltwater runoff forms a dynamic supraglacial hydrological system which includes stream and river networks and large supraglacial lakes (SGLs). Streams and rivers can route water into crevasses or into supraglacial lakes with crevasses underneath, both of which can then hydrofracture to the ice sheet base, providing a mechanism for the surface meltwater to access the bed. Understanding where, when, and how much meltwater is transferred to the bed is important because variability in meltwater supply to the bed can increase ice flow speeds, potentially impacting the hypsometry of the ice sheet in grounded sectors, and iceberg discharge to the ocean. Here we present a new, physically based, supraglacial hydrology model for the GrIS that is able to simulate (a) surface meltwater routing and SGL filling; (b) rapid meltwater drainage to the ice sheet bed via the hydrofracture of surface crevasses both in and outside of SGLs; (c) slow SGL drainage via overflow in supraglacial meltwater channels; and, by offline coupling with a second model, (d) the freezing and unfreezing of SGLs from autumn to spring. We call the model the Supraglacial Hydrology Evolution and Drainage (or SHED) model. We apply the model to three study regions in southwest Greenland between 2015 and 2019 (inclusive) and evaluate its performance with respect to observed supraglacial lake extents and proglacial discharge measurements. We show that the model reproduces 80 % of observed lake locations and provides good agreement with observations in terms of the temporal evolution of lake extent. Modelled moulin density values are in keeping with those previously published, and seasonal and inter-annual variability in proglacial discharge agrees well with that which is observed, though the observations lag the model by a few days since they include transit time through the subglacial system, while the model does not. Our simulations suggest that lake drainage behaviours may be more complex than traditional models suggest, with lakes in our model draining through a combination of both overflow and hydrofracture and with some lakes draining only partially and then refreezing. This suggests that, in order to simulate the evolution of Greenland's surface hydrological system with fidelity, a model that includes all of these processes needs to be used. In future work, we will couple our model to a subglacial model and an ice flow model and thus use our estimates of where, when, and how much meltwater gets to the bed to understand the consequences for ice flow.
INTEGRATION OF IPHONE LiDAR WITH QUADCOPTER AND FIXED WING UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR THE FORESTRY APPLICATIONS
Authors: Yadav Y. , Kushwaha S. K. P. , Mokros M. , Chudá J. , Pondelík M.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. The recent innovations in remote sensing technologies have given rise to the efficient mapping and monitoring of forests. The developments in the sensor implementation have mainly focused on optimizing the payload of the UAV system and allowed the users to acquire the data simultaneously with a range of active and passive sensors like high-resolution RGB cameras and multispectral cameras LiDAR (Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging). The main objective of this research contribution is to combine the Digital Elevation Model (DEMs) from quadcopter Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Fixed Wing UAV-based cameras, and iPhone datasets for the forest plots. The datasets from two vegetation seasons, namely leaf-off and leaf-on, were used to combine the Digital Elevation Models from different data acquisition platforms. This internship research work aims to create and experiment with new methods, techniques, and technologies for the applications of UAV photogrammetry and iPhone LiDAR in forest napping and inventory management. CHMs are also generated in this work which helps assess the conditions of the forests in the recreational areas, and the possibility of solutions like iPhone LiDAR and UAV photogrammetry would be highly efficient and economical. The leaf-off and leaf-on datasets were processed in Agisoft Metashape Professional software to generate dense point clouds for the forest plots. The point cloud from the leaf-on dataset was rasterized to generate a DSM whereas the leaf-off point cloud generated a DSM of the forest plots after ground filtering with Cloth Simulation Filter (CSF) plugin. The iPhone LiDAR point was also rasterized to a DTM product after pre-processing steps and noise removal. The Canopy Height Models (CHMs) were generated by subtracting UAV and iPhone LiDAR based DTMs from the UAV leaf on DSM. Finally, the accuracy assessment of CHMs from UAB datasets and their integration with iPhone LiDAR has been assessed using the accurate tree heights measured during the forest field visits. The proposed methodology can be used for forest mapping purposes where a moderate accuracy is requested.
GEOMETRIC PROCESSING OF VERY HIGH-RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGERY: QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR 3D MAPPING NEEDS
Authors: Farella E. M. , Remondino F. , Cahalane C. , Qin R. , Loghin A. M. , Di Tullio M. , Haala N. , Mills J.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. In recent decades, the geospatial domain has benefitted from technological advances in sensors, methodologies, and processing tools to expand capabilities in mapping applications. Airborne techniques (LiDAR and aerial photogrammetry) generally provide most of the data used for this purpose. However, despite the relevant accuracy of these technologies and the high spatial resolution of airborne data, updates are not sufficiently regular due to significant flight costs and logistics. New possibilities to fill this information gap have emerged with the advent of Very High Resolution (VHR) optical satellite images in the early 2000s. In addition to the high temporal resolution of the cost-effective datasets and their sub-meter geometric resolutions, the synoptic coverage is an unprecedented opportunity for mapping remote areas, multi-temporal analyses, updating datasets and disaster management. For all these reasons, VHR satellite imagery is clearly a relevant study for National Mapping and Cadastral Agencies (NMCAs). This work, supported by EuroSDR, summarises a series of experimental analyses carried out over diverse landscapes to explore the potential of VHR imagery for large-scale mapping.
Characteristics and rarity of the strong 1940s westerly wind event over the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica
Authors: O'Connor Gemma K. , Holland Paul R. , Steig Eric J. , Dutrieux Pierre , Hakim Gregory J.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Glaciers in the Amundsen Sea Embayment of West Antarctica are rapidly retreating and contributing to sea level rise. Ice loss is occurring primarily via exposure to warm ocean water, which varies in response to local wind variability. There is evidence that retreat was initiated in the mid-20th century, but the perturbation that may have triggered retreat remains unknown. A leading hypothesis is that large pressure and wind anomalies in the 1940s drove exceptionally strong oceanic ice-shelf melting. However, the characteristics, drivers, and rarity of the atmospheric event remain poorly constrained. We investigate the 1940s atmospheric event using paleoclimate reconstructions and climate model simulations. The reconstructions show that large westerly wind anomalies occurred from ∼1938–1942, a combined response to the very large El Niño event from 1940–1942 and other variability beginning years earlier. Climate model simulations provide evidence that events of similar magnitude and duration may occur tens to hundreds of times per 10 kyr of internal climate variability (∼0.2 to 2.5 occurrences per century). Our results suggest that the 1940s westerly event is unlikely to have been exceptional enough to be the sole explanation for the initiation of Amundsen Sea glacier retreat. Additional factors are likely needed to explain the onset of retreat in West Antarctica, such as naturally arising variability in ocean conditions prior to the 1940s or anthropogenically driven trends since the 1940s.
Tra Italia e Spagna: Mazzini, Garrido, Díaz y Pérez
Authors: Ghia Walter
Published: October 2023

Mazzini, Garrido, Pi y Margall, Díaz y Pérez sono gli autori che vengono presi in esame sulla base dei confronti, spesso diretti, che emergono dai loro scritti e dal loro agire. Se la posizione di Pi y Margall (autore del prologo alla biografia di Mazzini scritta da Díaz y Pérez) si distingue come è prevedibile sull’asse centralismo/federalismo, è più sottile la distinzione rispetto a Garrido. Con lui Mazzini ha senza dubbio rapporti di collaborazione, però Garrido è a suo modo uno scrittore socialista (laddove il Genovese è del socialismo – in ogni sua forma – un critico severo). Quanto alla biografia di Díaz y Pérez essa intende porsi come un elogio di Mazzini, anche se riflette una cultura politica repubblicanoradicale che si sovrappone al modello religioso-comunitario mazziniano. Fra le altre cose Díaz y Pérez attribuisce a Victor Hugo la narrazione di un incontro tra Cavour e Mazzini, tratta da un testo anonimo e certamente falsa, e tuttavia gradita, e forse volentieri creduta in alcuni ambienti politici e culturali di quegli anni.
Il Movimento per la Quarta Internazionale e la Guerra civile spagnola
Authors: Mastrolillo Gabriele
Published: October 2023

Il presente saggio esamina la politica seguita relativamente alla Guerra civile spagnola dagli organismi dirigenti del Movimento per la Quarta Internazionale (MQI), il Segretariato Internazionale e il Bureau Internazionale. In sintonia con la visione di Lev D. Trockij, i vertici del MQI si fecero promotori di una politica estremamente critica nei confronti della strategia del principale partito marxista antistalinista iberico, il Partido Obrero de Unificación Marxista (POUM), che fu seguita dalle due missioni che il MQI inviò in Spagna nel 1936 e nel 1937 (capeggiate rispettivamente da Jean Rous ed Er- win Wolf) e portò alla cessazione dei rapporti non solo col POUM ma anche con uno dei principali partiti fautori della Quarta Internazionale, il neerlandese Revolutionair- Socialistische Arbeijderspartij, solidale, invece, con la politica adottata dal POUM.
Il Video-Nou e gli Ateneo. Analisi di due esperienze di video comunitario a Barcellona durante la Transizione
Authors: Lazzari Lorenzo
Published: October 2023

Questo articolo ricostruisce due momenti di un particolare progetto del collettivo catalano Video-Nou (1977-1978): l’Intervenció vídeo a la campanya Pro-Ateneus. Video-Nou fu il primo collettivo video attivo in Spagna. Nacque in conseguenza agli incontri del Centro de Arte y Comunicación di Buenos Aires del febbraio 1977, tenutisi presso la fondazione Joan Miró di Barcellona. Operò fino all’inverno del 1978, per poi convertirsi in Servei de Vídeo Comunitari, il quale terminò le attività nel 1983. Concentrandosi su alcune vicende della città durante il periodo di transizione politica, nonché sugli incontri che il collettivo fece nel quartiere Nou Barris (Barcellona) e sul confronto fra le premesse teoriche e le modalità operative messe in campo in quel contesto urbano, si evidenziano le problematiche riscontrate a partire dall’analisi del cosiddetto «video-intervento», ovvero una particolare forma di messa in circolazione del video attuata dal collettivo.
Hołyński Otton (1830-1882)
Authors: Lechicki Czesław
Published: October 2023

Celem poniższego opracowania jest przybliżenie postaci Ottona Hołyńskiego, który był m.in. wydawcą, redaktorem i właścicielem drukarni.
A Piezoelectric Actuator with Coded Control for Nanotechnology
Authors: Afonin S. M.
Published: October 2023

In this chapter, a piezoelectric actuator with coded control is investigated for use in nanoresearch. A piezoelectric actuator with coded control is employed in nanotechnology, adaptive optics, astronomy, and nanobiomedicine. The mechanical and adjustment characteristics of a piezoelectric actuator with coded control are obtained. The transfer functions of a piezoelectric actuator are investigated. The transient characteristics of a piezoelectric actuator are used in nanotechnology. The mechanical and adjustment characteristics of a piezoelectric actuator with coded control are considered using the equations of piezoelectric effect and mechanical load. The transfer functions of a piezoelectric actuator with coded control are determined at elastic inertial load. The transient characteristics of a piezoelectric actuator are transferred using the rigidity and the mass of a load. The deformations of a piezoelectric actuator with coded control are obtained for longitudinal, transverse, ands hift piezoelectric effects.
Hygiene of keeping calves
Authors: Belopolsky A. E.
Published: October 2023

In the first days of life of calves, the influence of numerous environmental factors most strongly affects the full flow of physiologically important processes. Fluctuations in the parameters of the microclimate in calves leads to a decrease in natural resistance, an increase in the level of colds and intestinal diseases in calves of the prophylactic period. Taking into account the natural and climatic territories and technologies used in farms, it is necessary to develop effective measures to control microclimate parameters in order to prevent diseases of calves of various etiologies. The most critical period in calves is the first few weeks of their life, which is associated with the transition from sterile intrauterine development to contact with environmental factors. Possessing complete information about the requirements of the calf's body to the external environment and for their further successful rearing, it is very important to comply with the normative parameters of the indoor microclimate for this type of animal.
Application of Amoxicillin in the pearl necklace test in the identification of the Anthraxic cause
Authors: Rodionov A. P.
Published: October 2023

Identification of the causative agent of anthrax is an integral part of the diagnosis of the disease caused by it, which is registered annually on the territory of our country among animals and people. According to the guidelines for the diagnosis of the causative agent of anthrax, one of the identification tests is to study the sensitivity of the pathogen to penicillin with the registration of the phenomenon of the pearl necklace. Currently, penicillin salts are a hard-to-reach antibacterial drug. Based on this, we used amoxicillin, a penicillin-type antibiotic with a similar mechanism of action, which was the purpose of our study. A nutrient medium with an antibiotic was prepared by analogy with a medium with the addition of penicillin, according to MUC 4.2.2413-08. Amoxicillin in the form of amoxicillin trihydrate produced by Hemofarm (Serbia) was used as an antibacterial drug. To work, amoxicillin, by analogy with penicillin, was diluted 1,000,000 times with sterile Hottinger broth and introduced into a prepared nutrient medium. The loop of the grown daily culture of the strain K-STI-79 B. anthracis was seeded in 3 ml of the prepared medium and incubated for 3 hours at 37 ° C. During the incubation time, smears were prepared from the cells and stained according to the Rebiger. The smears were prepared after 15, 30 minutes and after 1, 2 and 3 hours. As a result of the work carried out, it was found that the use of amoxicillin in the identification of B. anthracis allows us to obtain the necessary results with a characteristic picture of a "pearl necklace". At the same time, the dynamics of changes in the morphology of cells subjected to incubation in a nutrient medium containing amoxicillin was studied. It was found that changes in the cell wall and cell shape can be observed after 15 minutes of incubation. After 1 hour, the cells underwent significant deformation with the appearance of a large number of separate spherical cell forms. After 2 hours of incubation, the chains of B. anthracis began to acquire the characteristic appearance of a pearl necklace, which was traced after 3 hours.
Testing of inactivated vaccine against IB, ND and EDS-76 of domestic and imported production
Authors: Pankratov S. V.
Published: October 2023

Currently, the Russian poultry industry uses a wide arsenal of various associated inactivated vaccines that allow for effective prevention of infectious diseases. However, a significant share of vaccines used in Russia is represented by imported drugs. Such a situation in connection with the current geopolitical events indicates the need to focus on the production and use of high-quality domestic analogues of foreign drugs.

Therefore, the purpose of this work was to conduct a comparative analysis of the use of inactivated associated vaccine against avian infectious bronchitis (IB), Newcastle disease (ND) and egg drop syndrome-76 (EDS-76) of domestic and imported production.

To achieve this goal, two commercial samples of the associated inactivated emulsion vaccine against IB, ND and EDS76 were tested. The first sample of domestic production, the second foreign (Israel).

The determination of the harmlessness and antigenic activity of both vaccine samples was carried out on 90-day-old egg chickens simultaneously.

The results obtained allowed us to conclude that the samples of inactivated emulsion vaccine against IB, ND and EDS76 of domestic and imported production are harmless, have high antigenic activity, they are at the same level of indicators for the antigenic components included in their composition and for effectiveness.
Results of comprehensive diagnostics of feline uveal melanoma
Authors: Gulyaeva V. V. , Nikitina A. A. , Trushkin V. A. , Gaponova V. N. , Polistovskaya P. A.
Published: October 2023

According to available statistics, melanocytic neoplasia is the most common form of ocular tumor in cats, accounting for 67% of cases in an analysis of 2614 cases of primary ocular neoplasia. Feline diffuse iris melanoma (FDIM) is by far the most common form of melanocytic neoplasia of the eye. The purpose of the study was to conduct a comprehensive diagnosis of eye diseases and identify the features of the course of iris melanoma in cats. Study cats with iris hyperpigmentation underwent a complete ophthalmological examination - slit-lamp biomicroscopy, gonioscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy. As a result of the research, it was found that 5 animals had hyperpigmented lesions, which look like flat brown spots on the surface of the iris. These precursor lesions are considered benign and are known as iris melanosis. In 10 animals, thickening of the iris, dyscoria, decreased pupil mobility, and dispersion of pigment in the anterior chamber were additionally detected; in 2 of them, involvement of the iridocorneal angle in the pathological process was observed, in 4 - secondary glaucoma, due to tumor infiltration of the iridocorneal angle. According to the results of computed tomography, 3 cats had metastases in the liver. During our studies, one cat underwent an iris biopsy to differentiate melanoma from pleomorphic lymphoma. In the remaining cases, a biopsy was not performed, since 9 patients with obvious pathological changes required enucleation, and in 5 patients monitoring of the pathological process over time was prescribed. Cats presenting for evaluation of hyperpigmented iris lesions should undergo a complete clinical and ophthalmologic examination, including gonioscopy.
STRESS CONCENTRATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH RUBBER TO METAL BONDS
Authors: Gough Julia , Muhr Alan H.
Published: October 2023

Hot-bonded metal inserts, used to modify the stiffnesses of rubber components and to provide a means of attaching the rubber component to other parts of an overall system, can result in high local stresses. Detailed design is called for to reduce the tendency for initiation of failure in their vicinity. Results are presented for energy release rates for short cracks obtained by finite element analysis for a range of geometries, mostly near bond but also within fillets introduced to reduce the likelihood of failure initiation at bond edges.
Effect of Changes in Economic Variables on the Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria
Authors: S.E. Idaka , F.G. Gabriel , F.A. Okwajie , A.S. Andortan
Published: October 2023

The study examines the effect of changes in economic variables on the performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria with two research objectives that were used to formulate the two hypotheses used. The study used data gathered from selected manufacturing firms and from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletins from 2004 to 2022. The variables used as proxy variables to measure changes in the economy are the average consumer price index and average exchange rate and the proxy variable for performance was earnings per share (EPS). Based on the results obtained, it was discovered that a significant relationship exists between the average consumer price index and earnings per share, but the average exchange rate showed no significant relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the relationship between the average consumer price index and EPS occurs as a result of price adjustment by manufacturers to cushion the effect of price increases in the cost of production, thereby increasing their profit margins. The insignificant effect of the average exchange rate on EPS is in line with the economic reality of Nigeria, but manufacturers shift the burden of the exchange rate to the end users in the form of price adjustment. It was recommended that for Nigeria's economy to experience the desired level of prosperity, the government must be deliberate in its decision by ensuring that local firms are encouraged by patronizing their products to reduce the level of import-dependent on foreign products.
MANAJEMEN KINERJA SDM BIDANG TEMPAT PEMERIKSAAN IMIGRASI (TPI) BANDARA JUANDA
Authors: Widyaningrum Rahma Dyah
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this article is to see the Performance Management in the Immigration Checkpoints (TPI) at Juanda Airport and solutions to improve employee performance in the Immigration Checkpoints by the Head of the TPI section. The performance management model according to the theory of Ken Blanchad and Gerry Ridge, namely Performance Planning, Day-to-Day Coaching (implementation every day) or Execution (implementation), and Performance Evaluation or Review and Learning. In view of the end of the COVID-19 pandemic and the implementation of the immigration function at TPI, it is active again and must run well. The results is performance management has been going well, each head of the inspection section has its own way of managing the managerial process in each section in accordance with the existing SOP but there are still obstacles of existing human resources considering the crossing at TPI has been reopened to serve public.
Transitivity and Humeanism about Laws
Authors: Jandrić Andrej , Jovanović Kozlowski Radmila
Published: October 2023

Humeanism about laws has been famously accused of the explanatory circularity by David Armstrong and Tim Maudlin, since the Humean laws hold in virtue of their instances and, at the same time, scientifically explain those very instances. Barry Loewer argued that the circularity challenge rests on an equivocation: in his view, once the metaphysical explanation is properly distinguished from the scientific explanation, the circularity vanishes. However, Marc Lange restored the circularity by appealing to his transitivity principle, which connects the two types of explanation. Lange’s transitivity principle has been widely discussed and criticised in the literature. In view of counterexamples, Lange refi ned both the principle, by taking into account the contrastive nature of explanation, and the requirement of prohibition on self-explanation. Recently, Michael Hicks has developed a new strategy for defending Humeanism about laws from the refined circularity challenge, critically appealing to the contrastive nature of both explanations and meta-explanations. We will argue that his strategy fails.
Bare Projectibilism and Natural Kinds
Authors: Valero Iñigo
Published: October 2023

Projectibility has traditionally been given a prominent role in natural kind theories. However, where most of these theories take projectibility to be a necessary but insufficient feature of natural kinds, this paper defends an account of natural kinds according to which the naturalness of kinds is to be identified with their degree of projectibility only. This view follows thus the path opened by Häggqvist (2005), although it goes significantly further on two main respects. First, I develop and discuss two important dimensions of projectibility that are overlooked in Häggqvist’s work. Second, I address two recent important objections (Magnus 2012 and Spencer 2015) against projectibility-based accounts.
Algorithm for Reconstruction of Three-Dimensional Images in X-Ray Computed Tomography with a Cone Beam of Radiation
Authors: Simonov E. N. , Vinogradov K. M.
Published: October 2023

Purpose: Development of an algorithm for the reconstruction of three-dimensional images in X-ray

computed tomography with a cone beam.

Material and methods: A new approach to the development of the reconstruction algorithm is proposed.

The algorithm is based on the exact analytical representation of the 3D Radon transform of the projection data. For such a representation, an iteration-invariant point spread function (PSF) is introduced.

From the existing approximate algorithms of Feldkamp, Katsevich and other authors, the developed algorithm differs in increased accuracy, is applicable for high-performance spiral X-ray tomography, and

provides a practical design of the X-ray optical path of the tomograph.

Results: Mathematical modeling of the developed three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm for the

helical trajectory of the radiation source was performed; satisfactory results were obtained on a phantom model simulating an object of study with contrast inserts. The influence of the distance of the radiation source from the center of coordinates with respect to the radius of the object of study is shown, for

which a mathematical model of a special phantom in the form of a cube, consisting of separate uniform

elliptical plates (ellipsoids) of the same density, was developed.

The quality of the reconstructed tomographic images was assessed through by measurement of the difference between the image of the section of the phantom model and the reconstructed image, presented

as the root mean square error.

Conclusion: Studies have shown that for the ratio of the radius of the spiral trajectory to the radius of

the object (R/Rm

), equal to about 3.0, i.e. at sufficiently large angles of the radiation cone of the source,

the developed algorithm for three-dimensional reconstruction with a cone beam of radiation gives a tomographic image of high quality. This can be applied in the devel-opment of medical X-ray computed tomography.
Pré-eclâmpsia e eclâmpsia: uma revisão abrangente dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos e suas implicações clínicas
Authors: Falcon Marcella Moraes , Dreyer Rafael , Henriques Matheus Ferreira , Henriques Gabriel Ferreira , Villar Paula Vieira , Moreira Paula Cristina da Silva Jordão , Alexandre Sara da Fonseca , Licks Juliana Selbach
Published: October 2023

A pré-eclâmpsia é definida como uma disfunção multissistêmica proveniente de uma malformação das artérias espirais provocando hipertensão, proteinúria e edema. Sua explicação fisiopatológica é que essa malformação provoca estresse oxidativo na placenta que consequentemente secretará fatores pró-inflamatórios vasculares, causando disfunção endotelial suscitando dessa forma, os sintomas da doença. Se o diagnóstico e tratamento não forem precisos pode haver complicações, sendo a eclâmpsia a principal delas, que é caracterizada como uma emergência obstétrica com convulsões tônico-clônicas. O tratamento para essa enfermidade é feito com medicamentos sintomáticos, uma vez que o tratamento definitivo é o parto. Portanto, o seguinte artigo visa elucidar os mecanismos fisiopatológicos, suas implicações clínicas e os demais temas oriundos desta patologia.
Pharmaceuticals, toxicity and antimicrobial resistance. Advancing human health and environmental risk assessment
Authors: Duarte Daniel João
Published: October 2023

Pharmaceuticals are an indispensable tool against disease and morbidity in humans and animals. However, their use also poses some challenges and can lead to undesirable consequences, some of the most concerning of which are increased environmental pollution and antimicrobial resistance. The assessment of the environmental and human health risks posed by pharmaceuticals is a critical exercise to help make the best use of available knowledge to identify data gaps and prioritize strategies holding most promise. The goal of this dissertation was to assess the risks posed by pharmaceutical pollution to the aquatic system and humans via environmental exposure. The pharmaceutical concentrations and human activities in the transboundary European Vecht River were used to demonstrate this idea. In addition, the selective pressure potential of antibiotics over antibiotic-resistance genes was investigated in artificial and natural environments. Taken together, in this dissertation we demonstrate how risk assessment remains a resourceful tool to support targeted emission and exposure reduction strategies by (local) responsible authorities. Using, statistical and mathematical modelling, we contributed to the advancement of tailored human and environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and antimicrobial resistance in the environment.
Feasibility of High-Fidelity Simulator Models for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery in a Resource-Limited Setting: Experience From East Africa
Authors: Balogun Simon A. , Sommer Fabian , Waterkeyn Francois , Ikwuegbuenyi Chibuikem , Bureta Costansia , Hussain Ibrahim , Kirnaz Sertac , Navarro-Ramirez Rodrigo , Sullivan Vincent , Gadjradj Pravesh , Härtl Roger
Published: October 2023

Background:

Spine surgery is a rapidly evolving specialty with a continuous need to learn new skills. In resource-limited settings such as Africa, the need for training is greater. The use of simulation-based training is important in different stages of skill acquisition, especially for high-stake procedures such as spine surgery. Among the available methods of simulation, the use of synthetic models has gained popularity among trainers.

Method:

Twenty participants of a neurosurgery training course, most of whom (65%) were neurosurgery residents and fellows, were recruited. They had hands-on training sessions using a high-fidelity lumbar degenerative spine simulation model and hands-on theater experience. After this, they completed a survey to compare their experience and assess the effectiveness of the lumbar spine model in stimulating real patient and surgery experiences.

Results:

The participants were from four African countries, and the majority were neurosurgery residents. There were varying levels of experience among the participants in minimally invasive spine surgery, with the majority either having no experience or having only observed the procedure. All the participants said that the high-fidelity lumbar spine model effectively simulated real minimally invasive spine setup and real bone haptics and was effective in learning new techniques. Most of the participants agreed that the model effectively simulated real dura and nerve roots (95%), real muscle (90%), real bleeding from bones and muscles (95%), and real cerbrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space. Among them, 95% agreed that the model is effective in lumbar minimally invasive spine training in resource-limited settings.

Conclusion:

With the development of new and better surgical techniques, the use of high-fidelity models provides a good opportunity for learning and training, especially in resource-poor settings where there is a paucity of training facilities and personnel.
Specialties of Tamil in Vaanidasan's Works
Authors: K.S Punidavathi
Published: October 2023

Poet Vaanidasan can be admired as "poets are born not made". Poet Kannadasan has mentioned in Thentral magazine that if his works are translated into English, he may win the Nobel Prize. In the history of twentieth century literature, he is distinguished as an ideal poet and influenced by poet Bharathidasan. He is Bharathidasan's first student. He has received all the special titles like Tamil Kaatha Pudumai kavinar, Poet of Nature, Bhavalar Mani, Kavinareru Bhavalar Mannan. Awarded "Chevalier" by the French Government. All his poems are about Tamil language, Tamil people, it's culture, features and so on.  He gave importance to nature. A poetic voice for the advancement of women. This article aims to highlight the special features of Tamil that are revealed in the works of Vaanidasan.
Food and beverage service training in hospitality schools—An overview through the eyes of students, faculty, and industry professionals
Authors: Bhakat Ajoy , Bhardwaj Ranit
Published: October 2023

This study aims to evaluate and contrast the training that current food and beverage (F&B) service students received at their hospitality schools with the usefulness of such training and its effects on the hotel business. The study also aims to examine how the F&B service students’ acquired skills are perceived by industry professionals after the new graduates enter the job. Students majoring in the F&B service department of hotel management at the undergraduate level served as the study’s subjects. This article employs a survey approach in order to determine what and how hospitality schools could best educate F&B service students for success in the profession. The viewpoints of students, instructors from hospitality schools, and hotel managers are presented in this study. The findings showed that there are discrepancies in perceptions of the efficacy of the current training programs. Additionally, suggestions are sought to improve training programs. In order to assure success and sustainable growth, educators and hotels should focus on the essential competencies of the F&B service professionals. The report offers proof of the strengths and weaknesses of the F&B service education process at catering institutions. The results have significant ramifications for programs that teach F&B service as well as other hospitality-related subjects in schools.
Mobilitetshubbar: Från parkering till paketering?
Authors: Berglund-Snodgrass Lina , Mukhtar-Landgren Dalia
Published: October 2023

Den här rapporten är tänkt att fungera som ett diskussionsunderlag till aktörer som funderar på att utveckla en mobilitetshubbslösning, oavsett om du representerar ett P-bolag, en kommun, en kollektivtrafiksmyndighet eller en fastighetsutvecklare. I rapporten presenterar vi fyra centrala frågor att diskutera i arbetet med att ta fram en mobilitetshubb - vilka transportslag ska ingå? Hur ska de integreras? Vart ska hubbarna placeras? Och hur ska driftoch ägarlösningen utformas? I rapporten finns också en katalog över exempel att inspireras av i norra Europa!
Strategic lignin removal from lignocellulosic matrix of wheat straw using selectivity characteristics of ozone
Authors: Baig Khurram Shahzad , Quraishi Khurram Shehzad , Farrukh Aasia , Mehmood Nazar
Published: October 2023

Current study was planned to investigate the ozone selectivity for lignin in wheat straw delignification process under controlled conditions. Operating variables such as ozone concentration, reaction time of ozone with wheat straw and flow rate of ozone were explored and the focus was to prevent depolymerization of cellulose in the lignocellulosic matrix. The novelty in the technique is the strategic use of operating parameters to get maximum lignin removal and least cellulose damage in wheat straw matrix. The removal of lignin was maximum till the first 60 minutes for the ozone flowrates of 4 L min-1, 2 L min-1 and 1 L min-1 of reaction. Further increase in reaction time above 60 min made the process less selective. Results support the idea that the lignin can both sustain and restrict the disintegration of carbohydrates. The flow rate of 2L min-1 with a contact time of 60 min is recommended for optimum removal of 85% of lignin.
Synthesis and characterization of nano-fibres graphene oxide for sensing humidity
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Saba Nayyera , Naveed Amir , Sadiq Muhammad , Afridi Shaista , Khan Fawad Haider , Asif Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Relative humidity is the prime parameter in industrial processes which are measured through ceramic, metal oxide and polymeric sensors. Ceramic and metal oxide sensors shows nonlinear resistive behaviours with increasing relative humidity and high sintering temperature for hydro-desorption. Transformation of ceramic and metallic sensors with the polymeric sensors is due to its eco-friendly synthesis fabrication, less heat intensive and high sensitivity. In this research work, a polymeric sensor of enhanced electric properties with sustainable captive and resistive response was synthesised from nano-fibres graphene oxide for sensing humidity. The synthesized graphene oxide through modified Hammer method was mixed with poly-vinyl alcohol (GO/PVA) in the ratio of 5 wt % for four hours at 90 ºC. Nano fibres of graphene oxide and poly-vinyl alcohol (GO/PVA) solutions were obtained at the 24V DC electric field; 0.5 ml/h feed rate and 10 cm tip-to-collector distance through electrospinnig. GO/PVA fibres were deposited on the silver inter-digited electrodes of 8mm and five combs of 20Îm consecutive distance. SEM analysis shows that the fibres were in nano-range with no major cracks while XRD and FTIR spectrum investigated the finger prints and functional groups of GO and GO/PVA respectively. Parametric study of resistive and capacitive were analysed at difference response and recovery time at various frequency in the range of 0 % to 82% relative humidity.
An alternate acid cleaning process for the regeneration of waste engine oil and a proposed procedure for the disposal of produced sludge
Authors: Naeem Muhammad Hamza , Khan Naseer Ahmed , Syed Naveed Ul Hasan , Saira bano  , Muddasar habib
Published: October 2023

In Pakistan most of the used motor oil cleaning businesses is carried out in processing containers. They do the simple heating and after that a concentrated sulphuric acid is slowly mixed at a room temperature for the removal of the oxidized carbonized substances and other dirt stuff. This study is an attempt to propose an alternate relatively cleaner methodology for the cleaning of used lubricating oil. Briefly, the spent oil was heated till the knocking sound disappeared or in other words the water is fist removed. After that at a room temperature the dehydrated oil was treated with the glacial acetic acid (instead of sulphuric acid) for an hour. A settling time of 24 hours is provided after which reddish brownish (top) and black (bottom) layers were formed. The collected upper layer was then treated with fuller earth (Multani meti) under continuous stirring. Finally, after cooling to a room temperature the oil was filtered to a reasonably regenerated lubricating oil. This cleaning process recovers about 53% v/v of the lubricating oil. The remaining sludge containing the acetic acid is a biodegradable mixture. Moreover, the sludge of the acid treatment can be mixed with cement to prepare concrete blocks.
Evaluation of pulmonary artery stiffness in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Akaslan Dursun , Demirci Murat
Published: October 2023

Objective: The study aims to investigate the use of pulmonary artery stiffness (PAS) parameter in early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis
(SSc) and pulmonary hypertension in SSc patients.
Patients and Methods: The study involved 102 SSc patients and 45 control group patients, who underwent transthoracic
echocardiographic evaluations.
Results: Pulmonary artery stiffness was measured as 25.7±7.6 (Hz/msn) in the SSc cases and 13.7 ±1.6 (Hz/msn) in the healthy
subjects (P< 0.001). TAPSE/sPAP ratio, which we used as an indicator of RV-PA coupling, was calculated as 0.65+0.28 in SSc cases and
1.12+0.33 in the control group (P<0.001).
When we evaluated PAS values of subgroups PAS was significantly higher in SScPH(-) patients without pulmonary hypertension than
control subjects (respectively; 21.67 ± 3.9; 13.7 ± 1.6, P<0.001). The relationship of PAS with the parameters in which pulmonary
hypertension and right ventricular functions were evaluated, there was a positive correlation with sPAP( r: – 0.396, P <0.001), while a
negative correlation was observed with TAPSE/sPAP (r: 0.456, P<0.001).
Conclusion: We observed higher PAS values in SScPH(-) patients compared to the control group and found a positive correlation
between the increase in PAS and sPAP and a negative correlation between them and TAPSE/sPAP.
Acute ECG changes and post-COVID arrhythmia incidence in patients with acute COVID-19 infection
Authors: Doğan Zekeriya , İleri Çiğdem
Published: October 2023

Objective: During the COVID-19 pandemic, many patients have experienced cardiovascular complications, including a variety
of arrhythmias. The aim of our study was to evaluate the acute electrocardiography (ECG) changes and post-COVID arrhythmia
incidence in patients with acute COVID-19 infection.
Patients and Methods: One hundred hospitalized COVID-19 patients were consecutively included. Patients were divided into two
groups according to their troponin levels. Thirty subjects were included as controls. All patients underwent daily 12-lead ECG during
hospitalization and were followed up for at least 12 months, by performing ECG and ambulatory ECG monitoring and questioning
their symptoms at 3-month intervals.
Results: Thirty-one patients had elevated high sensitive cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI). These patients had significantly longer QT
dispersion compared to COVID-19 patients with normal troponin levels and controls. Regardless of troponin elevation, COVID-19
patients had significantly longer Tp-e intervals and P wave (PW) durations compared to controls. During the follow-up period;
palpitation, beta-blocker usage, and inappropriate sinus tachycardia were more common in the COVID-19 group with hs-cTnI than
control group.
Conclusion: Our study did not find any relation between serum fibroblast growth factor-21 levels and carotid intima-media thickness.
Further researches with wider study population are needed.
Effects of virtual reality usage on kappa angle, accommodation, pupil, depth perception, and examination of the relationship of these parameters with discomfort perception
Authors: Dericioğlu Volkan , Kubat Betul
Published: October 2023

Objective: This study aims to examine the effects of virtual reality (VR) usage on the eyes and investigate the parameters responsible
for the subsequent discomfort sensation.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study enrolled 20 healthy volunteers who were engaged in a 10-minute VR game session.
Refractive errors, kappa angles, phoria presence, accommodative responses, and scotopic, mesopic, and photopic pupillometry values
were recorded before and after using VR. A Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire (VRSQ) was applied to assess discomfort, and the
relation with evaluated parameters was investigated.
Results: Twenty volunteers (mean age 29.80±0.57 years) included 11 females (55%) and 9 males (45%). The mean spherical equivalent
refractive error was – 1.94±0.28 diopters and 5 (25%) volunteers had phoria. Average kappa angles were 0.23±0.02 mm (x-axis) and
0.11±0.01 mm (y-axis). Post-VR, the median [(interquartile range (IQR)] stereopsis decreased from 30 (30-60) to 60 (60-60) arc
seconds (P<0.001). Pupil sizes increased significantly across all lighting conditions (P<0.001). Accommodation did not significantly
change post-VR (P>0.05). VRSQ scores correlated positively with phoria and kappa-x angle (r=0.458, P=0.003 and r=0.330, P=0.038)
while negatively with stereopsis and kappa-y angle (r=-0.375, P=0.017 and r=-0.326, P=0.04).
Conclusion: Virtual reality use reduces depth perception and induces significant mydriasis across lighting conditions. Post-VR
discomfort feeling may be related to phoria, kappa angle, and stereopsis.