bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction to the 31st Annual Conference of the European Society for Biomaterials (ESB 2021)
Authors: Pêgo Ana Paula , Martins M. Cristina L. , Granja Pedro L.
Published: August 2022

Ana Paula Pêgo, M. Cristina L. Martins and Pedro L. Granja introduce the themed issue on the 31st Annual Conference of the European Society for Biomaterials (ESB 2021).
Monitoring nucleic acid amplification process using a UiO-66-NH2-based fluorescent sensor
Authors: Hu Changjia , Chen Junbo , Yang Peng , Du Lijie , Xia Lingying , He Juan , Hou Xiandeng
Published: August 2022

PPi released from nucleic acid amplification process would competitively coordinate to Zr clusters in the framework of UiO-66-NH2, recovering the fluorescence of the ligand BDC-NH2, which could reflect the process of nucleic acid amplification.
Nanostructured Pt-doped 2D MoSe2: an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for both hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions
Authors: Upadhyay Shrish Nath , Pakhira Srimanta
Published: August 2022

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a new family of 2D materials with features that make them appealing for potential applications in nanomaterials science and engineering because of their diverse and tunable electronic, optical, chemical, and electrocatalytic properties.
Role of Mo doping and the interfacial interaction mechanism of Ni–Mo–S electrodes: experimental and computational study
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhang Haonan , Sun Xiao , Xu Zheng , Yang Hao , Gao Xiaochun , Yin Xitao , Ma Xiaoguang
Published: August 2022

This work focused on the effect of Mo element in Ni–Mo–S nanoflowers. DFT calculations confirm that the Mo atoms influence the electronic structure of the NMS materials and their affinity for OH−. The calculated results agree well with the experimental results.
Theoretical investigation of a tetrazine based covalent organic framework as a promising anode material for sodium/calcium ion batteries
Authors: Das Priya , Ball Biswajit , Sarkar Pranab
Published: August 2022

The development of promising electrode materials for non-lithium rechargeable batteries such as sodium and calcium ion batteries (SIBs and CIBs) with higher storage capacity and charge/discharge rate.
Resolving the π-assisted U–N σf-bond formation using quantum information theory
Authors: Leszczyk Aleksandra , Dome Tibor , Tecmer Paweł , Kedziera Dariusz , Boguslawski Katharina
Published: August 2022

pCCD-tailored coupled cluster theory predicts that the formation of the U–N σ-type bond is assisted by a weaker and delocalized π-type bond of the C–N–U backbone, leading to the breaking of the uranyl oxo bond and the formation of a nitride compound.
Correction: Metal–organic framework (MOF)-, covalent-organic framework (COF)-, and porous-organic polymers (POP)-catalyzed selective C–H bond activation and functionalization reactions
Authors: Daliran Saba , Oveisi Ali Reza , Peng Yong , López-Magano Alberto , Khajeh Mostafa , Mas-Ballesté Rubén , Alemán José , Luque Rafael , Garcia Hermenegildo
Published: August 2022

Correction for ‘Metal–organic framework (MOF)-, covalent-organic framework (COF)-, and porous-organic polymers (POP)-catalyzed selective C–H bond activation and functionalization reactions’ by Saba Daliran et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d1cs00976a.
Water-resistant, strong, degradable and recyclable rosin-grafted cellulose composite paper
Authors: Sun Penghao , Wang Siheng , Huang Zhen , Zhang Lei , Dong Fuhao , Xu Xu , Liu He
Published: August 2022

A rosin-based modifier has been prepared with high reaction activity, which can easily covalently bind with cellulose to significantly enhance the water resistance and mechanical properties of cellulose paper.
Application of coal-based carbon dots for photocatalysis and energy storage: a minireview
Authors: Hou Qinglin , Xing Baolin , Guo Hui , Kang Weiwei , Yi Guiyun , Cheng Song , Zhang Chuanxiang , Zhang Yulong
Published: August 2022

This review summarizes recent advances in coal-based carbon dots (CDs) from two perspectives, namely, the synthetic method and properties of CDs produced from different rank coals and the roles of coal-based CDs in applications of photocatalysis and energy storage.
Brief overview of recently reported misassigned natural products and their in silico revisions enabled by DU8ML, a machine learning-augmented DFT computational NMR method
Authors: Novitskiy Ivan M. , Kutateladze Andrei G.
Published: August 2022

A personal selection of recent misassigned structures of natural products and their revision with the aid of DU8ML, a machine learning-augmented DFT computational method for fast and accurate calculations of NMR chemical shifts and coupling constants.
Protein-coated nanoparticles exhibit Lévy flights on a suspended lipid bilayer
Authors: Fleury Jean-Baptiste , Baulin Vladimir A. , Le Guével Xavier
Published: August 2022

We found that protein-coated NPs show anomalous superdiffusion and that the distribution of their relative displacement obeys Lévy flight statistics. This motion is attributed to a drastic reduction in adhesive energies between the NPs and the bilayer.
Nanoscale phase separation in the oxide layer at GeTe (111) surfaces
Authors: Frolov Alexander S. , Callaert Carolien , Batuk Maria , Hadermann Joke , Volykhov Andrey A. , Sirotina Anna P. , Amati Matteo , Gregoratti Luca , Yashina Lada V.
Published: August 2022

As a semiconductor ferroelectric, GeTe has become a focus of renewed attention due to the recent discovery of giant Rashba splitting. For the future applications, the knowledge of growth kinetics and structure of oxide layer is of great importance.
Interface engineering in NiSe2/Ni2Co/CoSe2 heterostructures encapsulated in hollow carbon shells for high-rate Li–Se batteries
Authors: Cao Yuqing , Lei Feifei , Li Yunliang , Fu Yifang , Zhao Jun , Qiu Shilun , Zhang Zongtao
Published: August 2022

Tri-phase NiSe2/Ni2Co/CoSe2 heterostructures with graphitized carbon shells exhibit excellent cycling performance at high rates in Li–Se batteries.
Sulfur-containing polymers derived from SO2: synthesis, properties, and applications
Authors: Zhu Xiao-Feng , Lu Xin-Yu , Qi Huan , Wang Yuhui , Wu Guang-Peng
Published: August 2022

Synthesis of degradable sulfur-containing polymersviathe copolymerization of SO2with epoxides or olefines.
Fe(iii)-catalysed selective C–N bond cleavage of N-phenylamides by an electrochemical method
Authors: Xu Yiwen , Long Yang , Ye Runyou , Li Qiang , Ke Fang , Zhou Xiangge
Published: August 2022

An Fe(iii)-catalysed transformation of secondary N-phenyl substituted amides to primary amides by an electrochemical method is developed.
A graph representation of molecular ensembles for polymer property prediction
Authors: Aldeghi Matteo , Coley Connor W.
Published: August 2022

A graph representation that captures critical features of polymeric materials and an associated graph neural network achieve superior accuracy to off-the-shelf cheminformatics methodologies.
A theoretical roadmap for the best oxygen reduction activity in two-dimensional transition metal tellurides
Authors: Yang Xin , Liu Hanyu , Qu Zexing , Xie Yu , Ma Yanming
Published: August 2022

Using proposed theoretical guidelines, we designed several high-performing 2D telluride ORR catalysts, where NbRhTe4reaches the top of the activity volcano with a limiting potential of 0.96 V.
BQ-AurIPr: a redox-active anticancer Au(i) complex that induces immunogenic cell death
Authors: Mule Ravindra D. , Kumar Akhilesh , Sancheti Shashank P. , Senthilkumar B. , Kumar Himanshu , Patil Nitin T.
Published: August 2022

A redox-active anticancer Au(i) complex that induces immunogenic cell death in non-small cell lung cancer cells has been identified. Mitochondrial oxidative stress leading to mitophagy-dependent secretion of various DAMPs is implicated as the main mechanism inducing ICD.
Two-dimensional metallic VTe2 demonstrating fast ion diffusion for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Huang Tzu-Chun , Cheng Kuan-Wen , Lin Che-An , Fu Yu-Chieh , Lin Shih-Kang , Chen Yu-Ze
Published: August 2022

By controlling the pH value of solution from acidic to alkaline, the corresponding morphology of VTe2 is evolving from nanorods to nanosheets. Serving VTe2 nanosheets as cathode for AZIBs.
Real time high voltage capacitance for rapid evaluation of dielectric elastomer actuators
Authors: Li Ang (Leo) , Lee Siyoung , Shahsa Haleh , Duduta Mihai
Published: August 2022

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are soft electromechanical transducers for robotic applications. We report a method to continuously monitor high voltage capacitance during DEA actuation to directly measure the electrical energy consumption.
An integrally underwater self-healable droplet-based triboelectric nanogenerator
Authors: Wang Ning , Zhang Ling , Liu Jin , Li Chunzhong
Published: August 2022

An integrally underwater self-healable droplet-based TENG is fabricated with excellent output performance recovery, even when it repairs in water.
Efficient and scalable perovskite solar cells achieved by buried interface engineering
Authors: Wang Tao , Qiao Liang , Ye Tianshi , Kong Weiyu , Zeng Fang , Zhang Yao , Sun Ruitian , Zhang Lin , Chen Han , Zheng Rongkun , Yang Xudong
Published: August 2022

Tetrachloroaluminate anions doped in a poly(triarylamine) layer can improve the wettability of perovskite precursor solution and passivate interfacial trap defects at buried interfaces.
Single laser activated photothermal/photodynamic dual-modal cancer phototherapy by using ROS-responsive targeting flower-like ruthenium nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Yanan , Huang Junfang , Liu Jie
Published: August 2022

The illustration of PPT and PDT of FRuNPs and their phototherapy procedure in vitro and in vivo.
Entamoeba histolytica HM-1: IMSS gene expression profiling identifies key hub genes, potential biomarkers, and pathways in Amoebiasis infection: a systematic network meta-analysis
Authors: Verma Ram Nayan , Malik Md. Zubbair , Subbarao Naidu , Singh Gajendra Pratap , Sinha Durgesh Nandini
Published: August 2022

Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) is an anaerobic parasite that causes Amoebiasis in the intestine or extraintestinal, with immunology, genetics, and environmental variables all playing a part in the disease’s development, but its molecular mechanism is unknown. One of the primary obstacles in understanding the etiology of Amoebiasis will be identifying the genetics profiling that controls the Amoebiasis network. By examining the gene expression profile of Amoebiasis and comparing it with healthy controls, we could identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). DEGs were used to build the Amoebiasis protein interaction network and calculated its network topological properties. We discovered nine key hub genes (KHGs): JUN, PTGS2, FCGR3A, MNDA, CYBB, EGR1, CCL2, TLR8, and LRRK2 genes. The genes JUN and EGR1 were transcriptional factors (TFs) and up-regulated, others down-regulated. hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-101-3p, hsa-miR-124-3p, hsa-miR-26b-5p, and hsa-miR-16-5p are also among the essential miRNAs that have been demonstrated to be targeted by KHGs. These KHGs were primarily enriched in the IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. miRNAs were grouped in various pathways, focusing on the TGF-β signaling pathway, human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection, insulin signaling pathway, signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells, etc. Amoebiasis KHGs (JUN, PTGS2, CCL2, and MNDA) and their associated miRNAs are the primary targets for therapeutic methods and possible biomarkers. Furthermore, we identified drugs for genes JUN, PTGS2, FCGR3A, CCL2, and LRRK2. KHGs, on the other hand, required experimental validation to prove their efficacy.
Smartization filter of L1$\mathcal {L}_{1}$ adaptive controller using ANFIS system optimized with genetic algorithm
Authors: Kamrani Vahid , Ahmadian Hossein , Fakhrian Atena , Davari Afsane
Published: August 2022

adaptive controller is known for ensuring fast adaption with the optimal transient performance for input and output signals using a low‐pass filter with adjustable gain in the feedback loop. During choosing a filter gain, the main criteria are the compromising of performance, strict and fast adaptation. There are several methods with different complexities for determining bounds or initial values of filter gain, such values may require utilizing many iterations of trial and error implemented in the controller. In these methods, the specified gain is kept constant, which leads to non‐optimal performance in adaptation speed and robustness. In this paper, a new approach based on an adaptive‐neural‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) optimized with a Genetic algorithm is presented to continuously determine this gain and optimal performance according to the error rate. The objective function optimized by the Genetic algorithm is also determined in terms of position tracking error, speed, and control signal. To evaluate the performance, the proposed method is implemented on a nonlinear feedback system in the presence of unmatched uncertainties. The simulation results show that the controller performance improves more than the constant filter efficiency in this method.
Intelligent model prediction of fluctuant increase of maximum electric field in XLPE insulation using long short‐term memory network algorithm
Authors: Wang Weiwang , Lv Jiaju , Feng Yong , Li Xinyuan , Li Shengtao
Published: August 2022

The electric field distortion due to space charge accumulations plays a significant role in the ageing, degradation and breakdown in failure of HVDC power cables. Currently, limited experimental results of the electric field dominated by space charges are insufficient to diagnose the power cables. This paper proposes an improved long short‐term memory network (LSTM) model for predicting the fluctuating maximum electric field (Emax) in cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable insulation. The various Emax data derived from the complex space charge behaviours were measured using the pulsed electroacoustic method. The model uses regularisation and dropout feedback in the LSTM unit, reducing the phenomenon of over‐fitting due to the limited data. It enhances the prediction accuracy and ability of long time prediction by improving the prediction of Emax with the non‐linear fluctuation. The predicted Emax approaches 190 kV/mm under 150 kV/mm and 60°C after 2 h. The predicted large variation in Emax under 120 kV/mm and 20°C after 4 h ranges from 130 to 160 kV/mm. It indicates high electric stress in the cable insulation during continuous operation. The proposed LSTM model is of great importance to guide the diagnosis of cable degradation in HVDC power cables.
A synthetic population of Wolf-Rayet stars in the LMC based on detailed single and binary star evolution models
Authors: Pauli D. , Langer N. , Aguilera-Dena D. R. , Wang C. , Marchant P.
Published: August 2022

Context. Without a doubt, mass transfer in close binary systems contributes to the populations ofWolf-Rayet (WR) stars in the MilkyWay and the Magellanic Clouds. However, the binary formation channel is so far not well explored.

Aims. We want to remedy this by exploring large grids of detailed binary and single star evolution models computed with the publicly available MESA code, for a metallicity appropriate for the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC).

Methods. The binary models were calculated through Roche-lobe overflow and mass transfer, until the initially more massive star exhausted helium in its core. We distinguish models of WR and helium stars based on the estimated stellar wind optical depth. We used these models to build a synthetic WR population, assuming constant star formation.

Results. Our models can reproduce the WR population of the LMC to significant detail, including the number and luminosity functions of the main WR subtypes. We find that for binary fractions of 100% (50%), all LMC WR stars below 106 L⊙ (105.7 L⊙) are stripped binary mass donors. We also identify several insightful mismatches. With a single star fraction of 50%, our models produce too many yellow supergiants, calling either for a larger initial binary fraction, or for enhanced mass loss near the Humphreys-Davidson limit. Our models predict more long-period WR binaries than observed, arguably due to an observational bias toward short periods. Our models also underpredict the shortest-period WR binaries, which may have implications for understanding the progenitors of double black hole mergers.

Conclusions. The fraction of binary-produced WR stars may be larger than often assumed and outline the risk to miscalibrate stellar physics when only single star models are used to reproduce the observed WR stars.
Hybrid nanofluids multi performance optimizations for the cooling system coupling with hybrid photovoltaic thermal collectors
Authors: Chakar Khadija , Ennawaoui Chouaib , El Mouden Mahmoud , Hajjaji Abdelowahed
Published: August 2022

Hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors have assumed considerable importance for their dual-energy applicability which is presented in thermal and electrical form. The thermal behavior of the hybrid collector plays an ameliorative role in dissipating the heat generated in the cell, and this increases the electrical efficiency accordingly with the help of a coolant fluid (nanofluids). The contribution of this study is to evaluate the potential interest of nanofluids in the cooling system of a photovoltaic thermal system (PVT) by modeling and comparing the thermal conductivity of TiO2–water, Cu–water nanofluids and of TiO2/Cu–water hybrid nanofluid, also their thermal capacity and viscosity. Programs have been developed with volume concentrations from 0% to 4% and from 0% to 10% with constant temperature and nanoparticles diameter. The results show that all thermophysical properties characterizing the heat transfer are more important in a hybrid nanofluid compared to the simple nanofluid, such us for a nanoparticle volume fraction of 3%, the thermal conductivity and thermal capacity increased by 32% and 0.23% respectively, for a volume fraction range of 0 to 10%, while they show an increase of 12% and 0.22% respectively, for a range of 0 to 4%. Eventually the model agreed with experimental results.
The edge-labeled survivable network design problem: Formulations and branch-and-cut
Authors: Ben Salem Mariem , Taktak Raouia , Almathkour Fatmah
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we study a variant of the survivable network design problem, that is the survivable network design problem with labels (colors) on the edges. In particular, we address the Generalized Labeled Two Edge Connected Subgraph Problem (GLTECSP) that has many applications in telecommunication and transportation. Given a connected undirected graphGsuch that with each edge is associated a set of labels (colors), the GLTECSP consists in finding a two-edge connected spanning subgraph ofGwith a minimum number of distinct labels. We propose two Integer Programming (IP) formulations for the problem, a natural formulation using cuts on the edges, and a compact formulation using color-cuts. We devise Branch-and-Cut algorithms to solve both formulations and compare them on sets of randomly generated instances. Computational results show that the compact formulation outperforms the natural one regarding the linear relaxation and the computational time. Moreover, the compact formulation is able to solve to optimality several instances left unsolved within the time limit by the natural formulation.
Management of the image of the city in urban planning: experimental methodologies in the colour plan of the Egadi Islands
Authors: Badami Angela Alessandra
Published: August 2022

The debate over the value of the image of a city, which since the 1960s has been gaining wider room for reflection, has arisen as a criticism against the reductionism of the Modern Movement and highlighted the value of the qualitative aspects of an urban landscape. The question asked is if urban planning can in some way govern the image of a city. An investigation into which tools and strategies are necessary to defend the narrative of a city, its identity and its genius loci against the homologating forces that are transforming contemporary cities. The article explores the theoretical principles and methods being experimentally used to qualitatively manage the urban environment. Research investigates the innovative experimentation being carried out in Italy that has brought about the compiling of colour plans, and questions what their characteristics should be, so as to be effective in the management of the quality of an urban image. In order to focalise these crucial aspects, the case of the colour plan for the Egadi Islands is presented, illustrating the methods elaborated for the individualisation of the characteristics connoting its local urban landscape and the strategies adopted to cope with the risks to which they are exposed.
Structured output methods and environmental issues: perspectives on co-created bottom-up and ‘sideways’ science
Authors: Taylor Richard , Forrester John , Pedoth Lydia , Zeitlyn David
Published: August 2022

Participatory methods for researching human–environmental interactions seek detailed inputs on all manner of issues, but the outputs are often only understandable to the technically literate. On the other hand, participatory methods that involve the co-design of structured outputs (maps, models, games, stories, etc.) can be used to represent and integrate the knowledge and views of participants authentically and can be interpretable to both ‘scientist’ and ‘non-scientist’ alike, thereby creating ‘sideways’ rather than top-down or bottom-up perspectives. This paper is both a methodological paper and a treatise that looks at some of the theory underpinning such approaches, drawing on the theory of citizen or ‘bottom-up’ stakeholder engagement in science but also co-created engagement, emphasising the learning and trust-building benefits of this ‘sideways’ engagement. It describes how some established and novel methods (participatory agent-based modelling; co-constructing computer games; and participatory social network mapping), can be used to engage stakeholders in iterative, constructivist communication, allowing researchers and stakeholders to co-create a structured ‘reality’ separate from the reality it represents. We discuss how such approaches support and contribute to scientific outputs that better represent participants’ reality. Our findings show that, when applied to ecosystem services, agricultural adaptation and disaster risk management, such representations provide communication opportunities and spaces for reflection and constructivist learning. The structured outputs allow stakeholders—both participant and researcher—to ‘mirror’ their human-environmental system to collaboratively think about gaps and problems in understanding.
The existence of solutions for the gravitational Maxwell gauged O(3) model on compact surfaces
Authors: Choi Nari
Published: August 2022

We consider an elliptic equation induced from the Maxwell gauged O(3) sigma model coupled with gravity. In particular, we study the main equation as two cases: one is for only string and the other is for anti-string. On the compact surface, we prove the existence of ɛ-dependent solutions for each case by using the super-sub solutions method. Moreover, we find the second solution by using the Leray–Schauder degree theory. Furthermore, we estimate the asymptotic behavior of our solution as ɛ → 0.
Evaluation and spanning sets of confluent Vandermonde forms
Authors: Sunko D. K.
Published: August 2022

An arbitrary derivative of a Vandermonde form in N variables is given as [n1⋯nN], where the ith variable is differentiated N − ni − 1 times, 1 ≤ ni ≤ N − 1. A simple decoding table is introduced to evaluate it by inspection. The special cases where 0 ≤ ni+1 − ni ≤ 1 for 0 < i < N are in one-to-one correspondence with ribbon Young diagrams. The respective N! standard ribbon tableaux map to a complete graded basis in the space of SN-harmonic polynomials. The mapping is realized as an efficient algorithm, generating any one of N! bases with N! basis elements, both indexed by permutations. The result is placed in the context of a geometric interpretation of the Hilbert space of many-fermion wave functions.
On the stability of a thermodiffusion Bresse system
Authors: Djellali Fayssal , Labidi Soraya
Published: August 2022

In this work, we investigate a Bresse system with thermal and mass diffusion effects. First, we establish the existence of a unique solution for the problem using the semigroup theory. Then, we show the lack of exponential stability in the case of different wave speeds. Finally, we prove an exponential stability for the considered problem in the case of equal wave speeds.
Comment on “Staged z-pinch modeling of high and low atomic number liners compressing deuterium targets using parameters of the Z pulsed power facility” [Phys. Plasmas 28, 112701 (2021)]
Authors: Lindemuth Irvin R.
Published: August 2022

Analysis is presented that shows that the paper by Ruskov et al. [Phys. Plasmas 28, 112701 (2021)] gives incorrect physical interpretations to liner-on-plasma computational results and has mathematical deficiencies in the computational approach. The analysis also confirms a previous result: Mach2 calculations of the so-called staged z-pinch artificially inject energy that leads to the incorrect conclusion that the calculations should reach fusion temperatures.
Multi-actuator light-controlled biological robots
Authors: Wang Jiaojiao , Wang Yueji , Kim Yongdeok , Yu Tianqi , Bashir Rashid
Published: August 2022

Biohybrid robots, composed of cellular actuators and synthetic scaffolds, have garnered much attention in recent years owing to the advantages provided by their biological components. In recent years, various forms of biohybrid robots have been developed that are capable of life-like movements, such as walking, swimming, and gripping. Specifically, for walking or crawling biorobots, there is a need for complex functionality and versatile and robust fabrication processes. Here, we designed and fabricated multi-actuator biohybrid walkers with multi-directional walking capabilities in response to noninvasive optical stimulation through a scalable modular biofabrication process. Our new fabrication approach provides a constant mechanical strain throughout the cellular differentiation and maturation process. This maximizes the myotube formation and alignment, limits passive bending, and produces higher active forces. These demonstrations of the new fabrication process and bioactuator designs can pave the way for advanced multi-cellular biohybrid robots and enhance our understanding of the emergent behaviors of these multi-cellular engineered living systems.
Multiplicity and concentration of solutions for fractional Kirchhoff–Choquard equation with critical growth
Authors: Zhang Weiqiang , Wen Yanyun , Zhao Peihao
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we are considered with class of fractional Kirchhoff–Choquard equation. Applying variational methods and topological arguments, we first investigate the existence of positive ground state solution and then consider relationship for the number of positive solutions and the topology of the set where the potential V attains its minimum. Finally, we give the concentrating behavior of solutions.
AlN/Al0.8Sc0.2N film S mode lamb wave resonator with spurious mode suppression
Authors: Xu Qinwen , Zhou Jie , Liu Yan , Zou Yang , Liu Wenjuan , Cai Yao , Sun Chengliang
Published: August 2022

High-performance Lamb wave devices have a vast application prospect in modern wireless communication systems. This paper proposes a method of spurious mode suppression by reducing the overlap length of electrodes according to modal shapes. The AlN/Al0.8Sc0.2N composite film is used to achieve a trade-off between electromechanical coupling coefficient (kt2) and Q factor. The finite-element analysis (FEA) is employed to study the performance of the lowest-order symmetric mode (S0) Lamb wave resonators (LWRs), and the FEA result shows a spurious mode in the impedance response. According to the results of modal shape analysis, the typical LWR, the LWR with the circle-shaped arrangement of electrodes, the LWR with the circle-shaped apodization, and the LWR with the arc-shaped apodization are fabricated to suppress the spurious mode and investigate the performance of the LWRs. The measurement results show that the spurious mode is effectively suppressed over a wide frequency range (1.9–2.2 GHz) by the three designed electrode configurations. The LWR with the circle-shaped apodization working at 2.023 GHz has a Qp factor of 955, a moderate kt2 of 2.97%, a figure-of-merit (Q×kt2) of 28.4, and a large value of f×Q×kt2 (5.773 × 1010). Utilizing modal shapes to design the electrode configuration of LWRs can suppress spurious modes without significant performance deterioration.
The roles of packing modes in manipulating gel stability and luminescence behavior in fluorescent supramolecular gels
Authors: Xie Huilin , Zhang Jianquan , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Li Zhao , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: August 2022

Fluorescent supramolecular gel is a large group in luminescent gels. In the scope of practical applications, excellent stability and robust luminescence are complementary and indispensable for high-performance fluorescent supramolecular gels. Therefore, in this Perspective, the proceedings of precursor explorations of stabilizing and boosting the luminescence behavior of the gels will be briefly summarized. The challenges and possible development frontiers will also be pondered to inspire future scientific research achievements.
First-principles studies of the mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures of graphene/MnF4
Authors: Xin Baojuan , Zou Kaixin , Liu Dayong , Liang Shanchuan , Dong Hong , Lu Feng , Gong Cheng , Luo Feng , Wang Wei-Hua
Published: August 2022

Constructing a mixed-dimensional (MD) graphene-based van der Waals heterostructure (vdWH) is a viable technique for opening the bandgap and introducing spin polarization in graphene. In this work, we discovered that the adjacent MnF4 can manipulate the carrier doping, bandgap opening, and spin polarization of graphene in the MD vdWH of graphene/MnF4 comprised of two-dimensional (2D) graphene and one-dimensional atomic wire (1D AW) MnF4. By adopting first-principles calculations, we found that graphene can achieve effective p-type doping with the carrier density up to ∼8.89 × 1013–1.03 × 1014 cm−2. With a twisted angle of θ = 10.89° and the compressed distance of dMn-Gra = 2.84 Å, the opened bandgap of graphene (Eg-Gra) achieves 35 and 57 meV for spin-up and spin-down channels due to the sublattice symmetry-breaking in graphene, and the spin splitting energy (ΔES) at the Dirac point reaches 78.7 meV as a result of the graphene–MnF4 interlayer interaction. Remarkably, Eg-Gra is increased to 64 and 79 meV for spin-up and spin-down channels, and ΔES with 202.7 meV is obtained at dMn-Gra = 2.84 Å when the width of 1D MnF4 is doubled. Meanwhile, the n-type Ohmic contact is also realized. Our work underscores the rich interplay in the graphene/MnF4 MD vdWH and provides a significant route with fundamental insights to engineer the spintronic band properties of graphene.
Impact of charge character on anionic cyanine-based organic salt photovoltaics
Authors: Bates Matthew , Lunt Sophia Y. , Lunt Richard R.
Published: August 2022

Small bandgap organic compounds with absorption in the near-infrared are exciting materials for a variety of applications ranging from light harvesters in photovoltaics to active agents in photodynamic therapy. Organic salts, a class of small molecule organic compounds comprised of an ionic chromophore and a counterion, have been used in opaque and transparent photovoltaics, primarily as donor materials in bilayer architectures. They possess excellent molecular extinction coefficients with near-infrared selective absorption, adjustable bandgaps, and tunable energy levels. To approach organic salt photovoltaics from a new perspective, we fabricated devices with an unexplored group of anionic salts comprised of a near-infrared absorbing chromophore paired with a varying number of cationic counterions. We observed different donor and acceptor decay trends in external quantum efficiencies that allowed us to separate and independently quantify exciton diffusion and charge transfer for each salt. Increased charge character on the chromophore greatly improves hole transport, as anions with a net −3 charge have charge collection lengths greater than four times those of corresponding singly charged chromophores. This presents an interesting platform for independent quantification of exciton diffusion and charge transport of an active material in a single photovoltaic device and demonstration of the important role of charge on the chromophore. The dependence of charge transport capabilities on charge character of the chromophore will be a useful tool in the design of future organic salts to engineer materials for higher efficiency transparent photovoltaics.
Pit rim decomposition into multiple quantum dots on surfaces of epitaxial thin films grown on pit-patterned substrates
Authors: Patel Omeet N. , Chen Chao-Shou , Maroudas Dimitrios
Published: August 2022

We report results of dynamical simulations according to an experimentally validated surface morphological evolution model on the formation of regular arrays of quantum dot molecules (QDMs) consisting of 1D arrays of smaller interacting quantum dots (QDs). These QD arrays form along the sides of each pit rim on the surface of a coherently strained thin film epitaxially deposited on a semiconductor substrate, the surface of which consists of a periodic pattern of inverted prismatic pits with rectangular pit openings. We find that this complex QDM pattern results from the decomposition of the pit rim from a “quantum fortress” with four elongated QDs into four 1D arrays of multiple smaller QDs arranged along each side of the pit rim. Systematic parametric analysis indicates that varying the pit opening dimensions and the pit wall inclination directly impacts the number of QDs in the resulting QDM pattern, while varying the pit depth only affects the dimensions of the QDs in the nanostructure pattern. Therefore, the number, arrangement, and sizes of QDs in the resulting pattern of QDMs on the film surface can be engineered precisely by proper tuning of the pit design parameters. Our simulation results are supported by predictions of morphological stability analysis, which explains the pit rim decomposition into multiple QDs as the outcome of a tip-splitting instability and provides a fundamental characterization of the post-instability nanostructure pattern. Our theoretical findings can play a vital role in designing optimal semiconductor surface patterns toward enabling future nanofabrication technologies.
Evolution of vortex structures in an open deep cavity under pulsatile flow conditions: An experimental study
Authors: Zhang Yan , Eichholz Benjamin , Zhang Ruihang
Published: August 2022

Experiments have been conducted to investigate the vortex dynamics in a deep open cavity driven by pulsatile flows. Physiological flow waveforms have been examined for mean Re ranging from 200 to 1000 and Wo of 10.2, 12.4, and 17.6, with Strouhal numbers (Str, as a function of Re and Wo) ranging from 0.065 to 0.98. Results show that a two-primary-vortex system develops, similar to a steady driven cavity flow, but it exhibits more dynamic behaviors as it evolves during a cycle. Five stages of vortex evolution are defined: generation, traveling, merging, stretching, and weakening. As Re increases, the first three stages occur faster and earlier in a cycle, allowing more time for the top primary vortex to interact with the rear wall and for the bottom vortex to develop. The opposite trend is found as Wo increases. While the flow strength increases with Re, the vortex patterns are more correlated with Str, which is proportional to the Wo square and inversely proportional to Re: vortices are symmetric at low Str, but become more distorted at high Str. A critical Str exists beyond which the bottom vortex would not develop inside the cavity. Results also suggest that an increasing Wo causes a more significant increase in the in-cavity vortex strength and flow unsteadiness compared to an increasing Re. The peak flow unsteadiness inside the cavity occurs at a later phase compared with that of the main flow. The normalized mass flux ratio and the normalized cavity kinetic energy are both linearly proportional to the Strouhal number.
How can One Health contribute to pandemic prevention? Looking at Ebola through a One Health lens
Authors: Maudling Rebecca
Published: August 2022

One Health has been gaining acceptance as an approach to addressing complex health challenges. Due to the multifactorial nature of disease emergence, pandemic prevention efforts benefit from a transdisciplinary approach to identifying risk factors, effective mitigation strategies and control points, hence making One Health attractive. When considering a zoonotic disease with pandemic potential, such as Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), gaining an understanding of the factors that can contribute to an increased risk of disease spillover occurring allows for early intervention, decreasing the risk of initial transmission from animal to human. However, despite the advantages that the One Health approach offers, there remain challenges to adopting and operationalising it effectively, including barriers of status, bias and power between professions and the effective integration of environmental health and social science expertise.

One Health Impact Statement

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has brought into sharp focus the interrelated nature of human, animal and environmental health. There is renewed focus on the importance of pandemic prevention efforts and an acknowledgement that human health cannot be viewed in isolation. By drawing on a wide variety of professional disciplines and embracing traditional and indigenous knowledge regarding diseases and social determinants of health, a much richer understanding of potential intervention points can be generated. Additionally, a deeper understanding can be gained concerning actions with the greatest potential to prevent the emergence and establishment of diseases with pandemic potential within a human population. This
desk study
highlights that there is value in harnessing the transdisciplinary One Health approach to increase knowledge regarding the currently poorly understood risk factors for Ebola Virus Disease (EBV) spilling over from animals to humans. It also highlights some of the challenges to effective implementation of the approach.
The colors of biotechnology in Ecuador: A general overview
Authors: Freire Diego Garzón , Fernández-Gómez Rodolfo , Reyes-Salinas Andrés , Castro Gabriela Miño , Dorca-Fornell Carmen , Proaño Karina
Published: August 2022

Biotechnology is the manipulation of living organisms, systems, and processes for the benefit of society, the environment, and industry. Due to the expansion of the area of biotechnology in the last years, a code of colors or rainbow has been developed to organize the wide range of scientific applications. The three most important areas of biotechnology are green, involved in the agricultural sector; red, involved in life and health science processes; and blue, which is biotechnology related to applications in marine and aquatic environments. This work aims to study the track of biotechnology production in Ecuador over a 15-year period. To that goal, a systematic and exhaustive procedure was used to obtain, classify, and analyze a dataset and information related to the biotechnology scientific production to draw the state-of-art biotechnology in Ecuador. Our results set Ecuador as the main green and red biotechnology producer among the countries belonging to the Andean Community of Nations (CAN). This study highlights the increasing tendency in green and red biotechnology production, which ensures an increasing economic impact within the country. Furthermore, it shows how this activity has developed research network collaboration among Ecuadorian universities, research and development centers, and overseas institutions in countries such as Spain and the United States. This unique work outlines the general biotech production in Ecuador over 15 years, in both private and public centers, and promotes the importance of funding and investment in the area.
Can participative coach behaviour be perceived as controlling? The role of athletes’ expectations
Authors: Van Meervelt Koen , Van Puyenbroeck Stef , Vande Broek Gert
Published: August 2022

Coach‐rated participative behaviour has already been related to beneficial outcomes in athletes. Yet, research also indicates that allowing participation is not straightforward as it can sometimes be perceived as controlling or can even result in maladaptive outcomes. Building on implicit leadership theory, this study investigated the role of the alignment between coach‐rated participation and athletes’ expectations for participation in developing perceptions of domineering coach behaviour in athletes, a specific type of controlling coach behaviour. A secondary goal was to explore this relation in higher and lower level teams separately. Athletes’ expectations for participative coach behaviour, coach‐rated participative behaviour and athletes’ perceptions of domineering coach behaviour were measured in 61 team sport coaches and 654 athletes competing in football, volleyball, basketball, and handball competitions. Using polynomial regression with response surface analysis and controlling for athletes’ sport experience, overall, results showed that a discrepancy between coach‐rated participation and athletes’ expectations for participation was related with increased perceptions of domineering coach behaviour in athletes with more than 5 years of experience. However, in lower level teams, high amounts of participation seem optimal as only less coach‐rated participation than expected predicted increased perceptions of domineering coach behaviour in athletes with more than 15 years of experience. This in contrast with higher level teams where, independent of athletes’ experience, both more and less coach‐rated participation than expected were related with increased perceptions of domineering coach behaviour in athletes. Current findings stress the need for a situation specific approach when offering participation to optimize its effectiveness.
Humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 elicited by combination COVID-19 vaccination regimens
Authors: Wang Zijun , Muecksch Frauke , Muenn Friederike , Cho Alice , Zong Shuai , Raspe Raphael , Ramos Victor , Johnson Brianna , Ben Tanfous Tarek , DaSilva Justin , Bednarski Eva , Guzman-Cardozo Camila , Turroja Martina , Millard Katrina G. , Tober-Lau Pinkus , Hillus David , Yao Kai-Hui , Shimeliovich Irina , Dizon Juan , Kaczynska Anna , Jankovic Mila , Gazumyan Anna , Oliveira Thiago Y. , Caskey Marina , Bieniasz Paul D. , Hatziioannou Theodora , Kurth Florian , Sander Leif Erik , Nussenzweig Michel C. , Gaebler Christian
Published: August 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic prompted a global vaccination effort and the development of numerous COVID-19 vaccines at an unprecedented scale and pace. As a result, current COVID-19 vaccination regimens comprise diverse vaccine modalities, immunogen combinations, and dosing intervals. Here, we compare vaccine-specific antibody and memory B cell responses following two-dose mRNA, single-dose Ad26.COV.2S, and two-dose ChAdOx1, or combination ChAdOx1/mRNA vaccination. Plasma-neutralizing activity, as well as the magnitude, clonal composition, and antibody maturation of the RBD-specific memory B cell compartments, showed substantial differences between the vaccination regimens. While individual monoclonal antibodies derived from memory B cells exhibited similar binding affinities and neutralizing potency against Wuhan-Hu-1 SARS-CoV-2, there were significant differences in epitope specificity and neutralizing breadth against viral variants of concern. Although the ChAdOx1 vaccine was inferior to mRNA and Ad26.COV.2S in several respects, biochemical and structural analyses revealed enrichment in a subgroup of memory B cell neutralizing antibodies with distinct RBD-binding properties resulting in remarkable potency and breadth.
Error bounds for extended source inversion applied to an acoustic transmission inverse problem
Authors: Symes William W
Published: August 2022

A simple inverse problem for the wave equation requires determination of both the wave velocity in a homogenous acoustic material and the transient waveform of an isotropic point radiator, given the time history of the wavefield at a remote point in space. The duration (support) of the source waveform and the source-to-receiver distance are assumed known. A least squares formulation of this problem exhibits the ‘cycle-skipping’ behavior observed in field scale problems of this type, with many local minima differing greatly from the global minimizer. An extended formulation, dropping the support constraint on the source waveform in favor of a weighted quadratic penalty, eliminates this misbehaviour. With proper choice of the weight operator, the velocity component at any local minimizer of this extended objective function differs from the global minimizer of the least-squares formulation by less than a linear combination of the source waveform support radius and data noise-to-signal ratio.
Enhancement of thrust force of an atmospheric pressure positive corona discharge by DC superimposed AC high voltage
Authors: Sohbatzadeh F , Soltani Ahmadi H , Mirzanejhad H
Published: August 2022

The ability of corona discharge as an electrohydrodynamic propulsion system has been considered by many physicists and aerospace researchers. The results show that the most important factor in increasing the thrust force and thrust effectiveness is increasing the momentum transmission frequency in other words reduction of ion mobility that leads to a reduction of the average velocity. By configuring the wire-cylinder in atmospheric conditions, in an experimental study, using a new strategy in generating corona discharge, and without changing the system configuration, the thrust force is increased by increased of exciting species and reducing the ion mobility. DC superimposed AC (AC-DC) voltage source was utilized to achieve higher thrust force efficiency. Results show that the thrust force generated by the AC-DC source is increased by 4–2 times, with the applied voltage range of 10–20 kV compared to the DC source, respectively; while the thrust effectiveness has also been increased. A theory is introduced to calculate the thrust force due to ionic wind generation in the corona discharge regime. Accordingly, a relation is obtained for calculating thrust force and ion mobility using the average vertical ionic wind velocity on the side of the grounded electrode to support experimental results.