bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FUT10 and FUT11 are protein O-fucosyltransferases that modify protein EMI domains
Authors: Hao Huilin , Yuan Youxi , Ito Atsuko , Eberand Benjamin M. , Tjondro Harry , Cielesh Michelle , Norris Nicholas , Moreno Cesar L. , Maxwell Joshua W. C. , Neely G. Gregory , Payne Richard J. , Kebede Melkam A. , Urbauer Ramona J. Bieber , Passam Freda H. , Larance Mark , Haltiwanger Robert S.
Published: January 2025

O-Fucosylation plays crucial roles in various essential biological events. Alongside the well-established O-fucosylation of epidermal growth factor-like repeats by protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) and thrombospondin type 1 repeats by POFUT2, we recently identified a type of O-fucosylation on the elastin microfibril interface (EMI) domain of Multimerin-1 (MMRN1). Here, using AlphaFold2 screens, co-immunoprecipitation, enzymatic assays combined with mass spectrometric analysis and CRISPR–Cas9 knockouts, we demonstrate that FUT10 and FUT11, originally annotated in UniProt as α1,3-fucosyltransferases, are actually POFUTs responsible for modifying EMI domains; thus, we renamed them as POFUT3 and POFUT4, respectively. Like POFUT1/2, POFUT3/4 function in the endoplasmic reticulum, require folded domain structures for modification and participate in a non-canonical endoplasmic reticulum quality control pathway for EMI domain-containing protein secretion. This finding expands the O-fucosylation repertoire and provides an entry point for further exploration in this emerging field of O-fucosylation.
Pre-stack seismic inversion for reservoir characterization in Pleistocene to Pliocene channels, Baltim gas field, Nile Delta, Egypt
Authors: El-Sayed Ali S. , Mabrouk Walid M. , Metwally Ahmed M.
Published: January 2025

The Nile Delta, North Africa’s leading gas-producing region, was the focus of this study aimed at delineating gas-bearing sandstone reservoirs from the Pleistocene to Pliocene formations using a combination of pre-stack inversion and rock physics analysis. This research employed seismic inversion techniques, including full-angle stack seismic volumes, well logs, and 3-D with rock physics modeling to refine volumes of P-wave velocity (Vp), S-wave velocity (Vs), and density. Traditional seismic attributes, such as far amplitude, proved insufficient for confirming gas presence, highlighting partial angle stacks, integrated the need for advanced methods. Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI) analysis was used to predict fluids and identify lithology in clastic reservoir environments. The EEI approach facilitated the determination of optimal projection angles for key petrophysical properties such as porosity, shale volume, and water saturation. This method was applied to the middle Pliocene (Kafr El Sheikh Formation) and the Pleistocene (El Wastani Formation), revealing promising drilling sites. In the Kafr El Sheikh Formation, porosity ranged from 16 to 29%, shale volume from 21 to 40%, and hydrocarbon saturation from 25 to 90%. The study concludes that integrating pre-stack seismic inversion with EEI significantly enhances the likelihood of identifying gas-bearing sands while reducing exploration risks. The improved POS for the Pleistocene anomaly gas bearing sand (from 49 to 69%) and the middle Pliocene anomaly (from 46 to 66%) underscores the effectiveness of this approach in the Baltim Field, Offshore Nile Delta, and supports further drilling and development wells.
Two-year follow-up of gait and postural control following initiation of recombinant human tripeptidyl intracerebroventricular enzyme replacement therapy in two atypical CLN2 patients
Authors: Soangra Rahul , Grant-Beuttler Marybeth , Chang Harriet , Wang Raymond Y.
Published: January 2025

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to premature mortality. Ambulatory CLN2 patients typically receive standard of care treatment through biweekly intracerebroventricular (ICV) enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) involving recombinant human tripeptidyl peptidase 1, known as cerliponase alfa (Brineura®, Biomarin Pharmaceuticals). This study longitudinally assessed the impact of ICV cerliponase alfa ERT on gait, and postural control across a two-year span in two siblings diagnosed with atypical CLN2 disease. Both participants, ID01 (18 years and 8 months old at enrollment) and ID02 (13 years and 3 months old at enrollment), exhibited symptomatic characteristics which were studied longitudinally over three years. Their evaluations assessed postural sway variability, potential for slips and trips, gait metrics, sit-to-stand durations, scores from the sensory organization test (SOT), and gross motor function measure (GMFM) scores. Findings indicated a decline in postural complexity and stability in the medial-lateral (ML) axis, a reduction in toe clearance, and an augmented risk of stumbling for the participants. Over the two-year period of ERT, both siblings exhibited a progressive decline in walking velocity, characterized by reductions in step length and prolonged gait cycle time. The elder sibling demonstrated a notable increase in double support duration, indicative of heightened reliance on proprioceptive input to maintain stability during ambulation. Additionally, sit-to-stand times lengthened for siblings, further reflecting declines in motor function. Despite these challenges, SOT scores showed improvement after two years of ERT, suggesting some preservation of sensory integration. These findings in SOT scores indicate that cerliponase alfa treatment in patients with atypical CLN2 disease may confer benefits in postural stability, lower extremity strength, and ankle stiffness. However, declines in more complex motor functions, including sit-to-stand performance and postural complexity, persist, underscoring the progressive nature of the disease despite ongoing therapeutic intervention.
Enhancing repeatability of follicle counting with deep learning reconstruction high-resolution MRI in PCOS patients
Authors: Yang Renjie , Zou Yujie , Li Liang , Liu Weiyin Vivian , Liu Changsheng , Wen Zhi , Zha Yunfei
Published: January 2025

Follicle count, a pivotal metric in the adjunct diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), is often underestimated when assessed via transvaginal ultrasonography compared to MRI. Nevertheless, the repeatability of follicle counting using traditional MR images is still compromised by motion artifacts or inadequate spatial resolution. In this prospective study involving 22 PCOS patients, we employed periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction (PROPELLER) and single-shot fast spin-echo (SSFSE) T2-weighted sequences to suppress motion artifacts in high-resolution ovarian MRI. Additionally, deep learning (DL) reconstruction was utilized to compensate noise in SSFSE imaging. We compared the performance of DL reconstruction SSFSE (SSFSE-DL) images with conventional reconstruction SSFSE (SSFSE-C) and PROPELLER images in follicle detection, employing qualitative indices (blurring artifacts, subjective noise, and conspicuity of follicles) and the repeatability of follicle number per ovary (FNPO) assessment. Despite similar subjective noise between SSFSE-DL and PROPELLER as assessed by one observer, SSFSE-DL images outperformed SSFSE-C and PROPELLER images across all three qualitative indices, resulting in enhanced repeatability in FNPO assessment. These results highlighted the potential of DL reconstruction high-resolution SSFSE imaging as a more dependable method for identifying polycystic ovary, thus facilitating more accurate diagnosis of PCOS in future clinical practices.
Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Mycoplasma hyosynoviae strains isolated from five European countries between 2018 and 2023
Authors: Klein Ulrich , Földi Dorottya , Nagy Eszter Zsófia , Tóth Lilla , Belecz Nikolett , Költő Karola , Wehmann Enikő , Marton Szilvia , Merenda Marianna , Gastaldelli Michele , Catania Salvatore , Spergser Joachim , Siesenop Ute , Vyt Philip , Bányai Krisztián , Kreizinger Zsuzsa , Depondt Wouter , Gyuranecz Miklós
Published: January 2025

Mycoplasma (M.) hyosynoviae is a facultative pathogen, causing arthritis in finisher pigs world-wide. In the absence of a commercial vaccine improvement of housing conditions and antibiotic therapy are the only options to alleviate the clinical signs. This study aimed to determine antibiotic susceptibility profiles of 106 M. hyosynoviae isolates against ten antibiotics licensed for veterinary use in cases of arthritis. The isolates were collected between 2018 and 2023 from five European countries: Austria (n = 20), Belgium (n = 20), Germany (n = 25), Hungary (n = 21) and Italy (n = 20). The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by broth micro-dilution assay. The tested isolates were highly susceptible to tiamulin (MIC90 ≤ 0.039 µg/ml), tylvalosin (MIC90 ≤ 0.039 µg/ml) and lincomycin (MIC90 ≤ 0.25 µg/ml). Low concentrations of tylosin (MIC90 0.5 µg/ml) and tilmicosin (MIC90 1 µg/ml) inhibited the growth of the isolates. While moderate minimal inhibitory concentrations were detected for doxycycline (MIC90 0.312 µg/ml), oxytetracycline (MIC90 2 µg/ml), enrofloxacin (MIC90 0.625 µg/ml) and florfenicol (MIC90 2 µg/ml), only high concentrations of tulathromycin (MIC90 64 µg/ml) inhibited the growth of the isolates. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between countries in case of enrofloxacin, where the Hungarian isolates showed the lowest MIC values, and the German isolates the highest MIC values among the tested countries. Our results show that European M. hyosynoviae isolates are generally susceptible to the tested antibiotics with the exception of tulathromycin. The country specific differences indicate the importance of regular susceptibility testing of isolates on a Pan-European level.
Site-designed dual-active-center catalysts for co-catalysis in advanced oxidation processes
Authors: Sun Wenxin , Liu Guoshuai , Zou Hua , Wang Shaobin , Duan Xiaoguang
Published: January 2025

Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are promising for treating persistent pollutants, yet challenges arise due to the step-wise oxidants activation process, which traditional single-active-center catalysts struggle to facilitate effectively. Recently, dual-active-center catalysts have emerged as a solution by enabling synergistic reactions. This review covers advances in these catalysts, their co-catalytic mechanisms, and applications in electro-Fenton, photocatalytic, peroxymonosulfate-, and pollutant-as-electron-donor based Fenton-like processes, along with active site design considerations and future challenges.
Schizophrenia-related Xpo7 haploinsufficiency leads to behavioral and nuclear transport pathologies
Authors: Toyoda Saori , Kikuchi Masataka , Abe Yoshifumi , Tashiro Kyosei , Handa Takehisa , Katayama Shingo , Motokawa Yukiko , Tanaka Kenji F , Takahashi Hidehiko , Shiwaku Hiroki
Published: January 2025

Recent genetic studies by the Schizophrenia Exome Sequencing Meta-Analysis (SCHEMA) consortium have identified that protein-truncating variants of exportin 7 (XPO7) can increase the risk of schizophrenia (odds ratio, 28.1). Here we show that mice with Xpo7 haploinsufficiency (Xpo7+/− mice) present with cognitive and social behavioral impairments. Through proteome analysis using immunoprecipitation and frontal cortex nuclear isolation of Xpo7+/− mice, we identify 45 molecules interacting with Xpo7, including CutC, Rbfox3, and Gria3. Through single-nucleus RNA sequencing of the frontal cortex and striatum of Xpo7+/− mice differentiating between the onset and progressive stages, we also identify 284 gene expression changes that correlate with these stages. These genes encompass high-odds risk genes of schizophrenia identified by SCHEMA, including Gria3, Grin2A, Herc1, and Trio. Furthermore, our approach reveals 15 gene expression changes in the frontal cortex that correlate with the progressive stages. Our findings indicate the importance of investigating whether the interactions among the high-risk genes identified by SCHEMA contribute to a common schizophrenia pathology and underscore the significance of stage-dependent analysis.
Enhanced room temperature ammonia gas sensing based on a multichannel PSS-functionalized graphene/PANI network
Authors: Liang Hongping , Zhu Ye , Zhao Zhenting , Tang Zilun , Niu Yue , Zhang Duoduo , Wang Yao , Gong Weiping
Published: January 2025

A flexible high-performance room temperature NH3 sensor was fabricated using a PSS-rGO/PANI network, which was synthesized via supramolecular assembly, controlled freeze-drying technology, and a facile interfacial polymerization route.
Development and validation of a robust single extraction method for analysis of PAHs, HBCD, BDE, and PCBs in the coastal environment
Authors: Thathola Pooja , Saravaia Hitesh T. , Brahmbhatt Harshad , Roy Sanak , Haldar Soumya
Published: January 2025

Simple and single step extraction method of selected POPs from marine environment.
Exploration of potential-limited protocols to prevent inefficiencies in Li–O2 batteries during charge
Authors: Lacour Zoé , Ham Youngjin , Brazel Laurence , Grey Clare P. , Temprano Israel
Published: January 2025

Metal–air batteries are promising energy storage systems with high specific energy density and low dependence on critical materials, but will require specific cycling protocols.
State-of-the-art advances in homogeneous molecular catalysis for the Guerbet upgrading of bio-ethanol to fuel-grade bio-butanol
Authors: Bisarya Akshara , Kathuria Lakshay , Das Kanu , Yasmin Eileen , Jasra Raksh Vir , Dhole Sunil , Kumar Akshai
Published: January 2025

A review of the state-of-the-art advances for upgrading ethanol to n-butanol via the Guerbet reaction catalyzed by molecular homogeneous complexes is provided here. Key advancements in catalyst design based on mechanistic understanding is discussed.
Lewis acid-catalyzed [2π+2σ] cycloaddition of dihydropyridines with bicyclobutanes
Authors: Liang Yujie , Nematswerani Ronewa , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Glorius Frank
Published: January 2025

Herein we report a simple BF3-catalyzed cycloaddition of dihydropyridines with bicyclobutanes for the expedient synthesis of novel three-dimensional azacycle-fused bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane scaffolds.
Efficient photocatalytic selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural on Bi24O29Br10(WO4)2 solid solution via enhanced charge separation
Authors: Guo Yingxin , Gong Ming , Xu Xin , Dong Yuming , Wang Guangli
Published: January 2025

By WO42− doping, a novel photocatalyst Bi24O29Br10(WO4)2 was prepared, significantly improving the charge separation efficiency in HMF conversion. After 6 h of illumination, the HMF conversion reached 98.8%, maintaining a high DFF selectivity 92.5%.
Photomechanically accelerated degradation of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Haonan , Li Qing , Zhu Yan , Sui Xinyuan , Fan Xiulian , Lin Miaoyu , Shi Yifeng , Zheng Yichu , Yuan Haiyang , Zhou Yu , Jin Haibao , Yang Hua Gui , Hou Yu , Yang Shuang
Published: January 2025

We conducted the first study on the impact of photomechanical effect on the stability of PSCs. And we demonstrated a photomechanically accelerated degradation mechanism of perovskite thin films.
Ginger leaf polyphenols mitigate β-amyloid toxicity via JNK/FOXO pathway activation in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Gao Tao , Yan Ningning , Pu Yaying , Zhang Zhonghao , Duan Zhihao , Tang Zizhong , Huang Daojian , Chen Yanger , Yuan Shu , Yan Xiaorong , Yuan Ming
Published: January 2025

Ginger leaf polyphenols (GLP) alleviated β-amyloid toxicity by activating the JNK/FOXO signaling pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Comment on “l-Proline-promoted three-component reaction of anilines, aldehydes and barbituric acids/malononitrile: regioselective synthesis of 5-arylpyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-diones and 2-amino-4-arylquinoline-3-carbonitriles in water” by A. Khalafi-Nezhad, S. Sarikhani, E. Shaikhi Shahidzadeh and F. Panahi, Green Chem., 2012, 14, 2876
Authors: Chen Ting , Mahdadi Syrine , Desbène-Finck Stéphanie
Published: January 2025

A one-pot synthesis of 5-phenyl-5,10-dihydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione from barbituric acid, benzaldehyde, and aniline gave high yields. Structural analysis confirmed a linear structure, unlike Khalafi-Nezhad's report.
Integrating microfluidic and bioprinting technologies: advanced strategies for tissue vascularization
Authors: Mei Xuan , Yang Ziyi , Wang Xiran , Shi Alan , Blanchard Joel , Elahi Fanny , Kang Heemin , Orive Gorka , Zhang Yu Shrike
Published: January 2025

Tissue engineering offers immense potential for addressing the unmet needs in repairing tissue damage and organ failure through enhanced vascularization using microfluidic and bioprinting methods.
The first year of RSC Applied Interfaces: a retrospective
Authors: Claridge Shelley A. , Huang Jianbin , Margadonna Serena , Richards Ryan , Rosei Federico
Published: January 2025

Shelley A. Claridge, Jianbin Huang, Serena Margadonna, Ryan Richards and Federico Rosei share their retrospective in an editorial celebrating the first year of publication of RSC Applied Interfaces.
Novel multipotent conjugate bearing tacrine and donepezil motifs with dual cholinergic inhibition and neuroprotective properties targeting Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Yepes Andrés F. , Cardona-Galeano Wilson , Herrera-Ramírez Angie , Rada Marlyn S. , Osorio Edison , Gonzalez-Molina Luis Alfonso , Miranda-Brand Yaneth , Posada-Duque Rafael
Published: January 2025

In this work, we developed potential multifunctional agents to combat Alzheimer's disease.
Dipole-induced transitions from Schottky to Ohmic contact at Janus MoSiGeN4/metal interfaces
Authors: Ai Wen , Hu Xiaohui , Xu Tao , Yang Jian , Sun Litao
Published: January 2025

We revealed that n-type/p-type Schottky and n-type Ohmic contacts can be realized at metal/MoSiGeN4 interfaces and used machine learning to describe the Schottky barrier, enabling the design of high-performance Janus MoSiGeN4 electronic devices.
Use of a solid polymer/ceramic electrolyte coating to promote uniform Li flux and a LiF-rich interphase for lithium metal batteries
Authors: Li Xin , Lin Yong , Fan Yunyan , Lu Junjie , Lin Shaojing , Chen Xian , Ji Jianbing , Li Wenxiang , Zhang Ling , Han Xiang
Published: January 2025

Li metal batteries have been considered promising candidates for next-generation high-energy-density batteries due to their high theoretical capacity and low redox potential.
Self-limiting selective phase separation of graphene oxide and polymer composite solution
Authors: Chen Feifan , Wang Lidan , Li Kaiwen , Guo Rui , Qin Yicong , Shen Chenwei , Liu Yingjun , Xu Zhen , Gao Chao
Published: January 2025

Self-limiting selective phase separation (SPS) behavior was reported in the mixture of graphene oxide and polymers solutions. We invented SPS spinning to fabricate hierarchically structured graphene-based fibers with extraordinary flexibility.
Optimization of electronic structure by defect engineering for electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction
Authors: He Jinghan , Qiang Jianxin , Xu Yang-Fan , Shi Zhan , Huang KeKe , Yao Xiangdong
Published: January 2025

This paper reviews the progress of defective Cu-based materials for eCO2RR, highlights the design strategy for defect structure and emphasizes the mechanism of defect site on catalytic behaviors.
The balance of orbital overlap and orbital energy in the activation of methane by actinide cations: insights from inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Bubas Amanda R. , French Amanda D. , Melby Kali M. , Rodriguez Michael J. , Cox Richard M
Published: January 2025

Transuranic reactivity and thermodynamics help elucidate how actinides react and form chemical bonds.
Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation of N-hydroxyphthalimide esters with allyl acetates
Authors: Zheng Yixuan , Deng Xinhao , Zhao Fei , Peng Yuanyuan , Yan Qiongjiao , Wang Wei , Chen Fener , Zhou Hui
Published: January 2025

A palladium-catalyzed AAA of N-acyl phenylglycine N-hydroxyphthalimide esters with allyl acetates was developed. This protocol allowed the formation of multi-functionalized quaternary α-amino acid esters in high yields with good stereoselectivities.
Direct observation of the interface reaction dynamics of the NdCeFeB phase via in situ annealing & quenching STEM
Authors: Zhu Xiangyu , Wang Qingxiao , Shan Li , Jung Byung Oh , Choi Myungshin , Song Sunyong , Namkung Seok , Kang Namseok , Shin Hui-Youn , Joo Minho , Dai Xianming , Kim M. J.
Published: January 2025

Elemental distribution at the interface and Fe23B6 structure analysis (a) STEM-HAADF image, (b–d) EDS, (e and f) EELS mapping, showing interface structure and elemental distribution. (g–i) STEM-HAADF and STEM-ABF images of Fe23B6 crystal. 1 nm scale bar.
Symmetrical and asymmetrical surface structure expansions of silver nanoclusters with atomic precision
Authors: Shen Honglei , Wang Pu , Xu Jiawei , Fu Ziwei , Kang Xi , Pei Yong , Zhu Manzhou
Published: January 2025

The controlled symmetrical or asymmetrical surface structure expansion of metal nanoclusters has been accomplished at the atomic level.
In situ synthesis of degradable polymer prodrug nanoparticles
Authors: Zhu Chen , Beauseroy Hannah , Mougin Julie , Lages Maëlle , Nicolas Julien
Published: January 2025

The synthesis of aqueous suspensions of degradable polymer prodrug nanoparticles with high drug loadings, hydrolitic degradation and cytotoxicity against cancer cells was achieved by radical ring-opening polymerization-induced self-assembly.
Two-stage photodegradation of indomethacin molecular nanocomposites under extreme confinement
Authors: Chen Cindy Yueli , Wang Haonan , Arabi Shamsabadi Ahmad , Fakhraai Zahra
Published: January 2025

The incorporation of a glassy material into a self-assembled nanoparticle (NP) film can produce highly loaded nanocomposites, with improved photostability under the right conditions.
Soy protein enables stable perovskite solar cells by defect passivation and ion migration suppression
Authors: Liu Fei , Valencia Agnes , Zhang Xiangyang , Zhu Yuhua , Bo Xiangkun , Daoud Walid A.
Published: January 2025

Soy protein is explored for enhancing film quality and stability of perovskite solar cells under external stress.
Ultrahigh mass loading, binder-free synthetic approach for mesoporous graphitic carbon in 3D current collector for high energy lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Kim Jun , Kim Keon-Woo , Yoon Hyeongkeon , Park Shin , Woo Dokyung , Jo Hangjun , Jo Changshin , Kim Jin Kon
Published: January 2025

We present a synthetic approach to converting block copolymers into mesoporous graphitic carbon within a 3D current collector. This method enables high mass loading per unit area without the use of binders, facilitating the development of high-energy lithium-ion batteries.
Surface structure evolution of bimetallic nickel tungsten nitride (Ni2W3N) for high performance hydrogen evolution
Authors: Hwang Ji Young , Park Yeonju , Jung Young Mee , Lim Hyung-Kyu , Youn Duck Hyun
Published: January 2025

Ni2W3N/NF is prepared via a one-step annealing, showing excellent HER performance in alkaline solution. Surface transformation to Ni(OH)2 enhances water dissociation, lowering overpotential to 46.5 mV at 50 mA cm−2, revealed by in situ Raman and DFT.
Enhancing AC stress stability in amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide thin-film transistors via controlled hydrogen diffusion
Authors: Kim Jaesung , Kim Seonggeun , Kim Hwijoong , Kim Sangwan , Ho Dongil , Kim Choongik
Published: January 2025

To optimize the hydrogen content in a-IGZO TFTs, hafnium oxide (HfO2) passivation via atomic layer deposition (ALD) and subsequent annealing were used. As a result, AC stress stability was improved, reducing the Ion degradation rate from 69% to 9%.
Synthetic biology in Mexico: Brief history, current landscape, and perspectives towards a bio‐based economy
Authors: Barboza‐Pérez Uriel E. , Pérez‐Zavala Ma de L. , Barboza‐Corona José E.
Published: January 2025

Synthetic biology (SynBio) makes biology easier by leveraging engineering principles and other disciplines to design and construct biological systems with novel or enhanced functions. SynBio has led to the development of more sustainable biotechnological innovations that are in harmony with the environment, aiding the shift from a traditional to a bio‐based economy. Mexico has made significant advancements in biotechnology in academia and industry, but progress in engineering biology has been different. Nevertheless, several initiatives, mainly supported by the participation of Mexican International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) teams in the jamboree, have contributed to the interest of SynBio. This review provides a brief overview of the significant role of the iGEM competition and the current landscape of synthetic biology in Mexico, including educational and citizen science initiatives, as well as an overview of Synbio research and the industrial landscape. Additionally, a brief description of the current laws governing biotechnology in the country is provided. Finally, we highlight the challenges, opportunities and perspectives for the development of synthetic biology and the potential that Mexico has for a biologically based economy.
An anisotropic Poincaré inequality in GSBVp and the limit of strongly anisotropic Mumford-Shah functionals
Authors: Gladbach Peter , Ginster Janusz
Published: January 2025

We show that functions in GSBVp in three-dimensional space with small variation in 2 of 3 directions are close to a function of one variable outside an exceptional set. Bounds on the volume and the perimeter in these two directions of the exceptional sets are provided. As a key tool we prove an approximation result for such functions by functions in W1,p. For this we present a two-dimensional countable ball construction that allows to carefully remove the jumps of the function. As a direct application, we show Γ-convergence of an anisotropic three-dimensional Mumford-Shah model to a one-dimensional model.
Converse Lyapunov results for stability of switched systems with average dwell-time
Authors: Della Rossa Matteo , Tanwani Aneel
Published: January 2025

This article provides a characterization of stability for switched nonlinear systems under average dwell-time constraints, in terms of necessary and sufficient conditions involving multiple Lyapunov functions. Earlier converse results focus on switched systems with dwell-time constraints only, and the resulting inequalities depend on the flow of individual subsystems. With the help of a counterexample, we show that a lower bound that guarantees stability for dwell-time switching signals may not necessarily imply stability for switching signals with same lower bound on the average dwell-time. Based on these two observations, we provide a converse result for the average dwell-time constrained systems in terms of inequalities which do not depend on the flow of individual subsystems and are easier to check. The particular case of linear switched systems is studied as a corollary to our main result.
The Senior Managers and Certification Regime in UK practice and global context
Authors: Hickman Eleanore , Brener Alan
Published: January 2025

Public anger following the 2007/9 financial crisis was exacerbated by the failure to hold people accountable. A Parliamentary Commission recommended new legislation which resulted in the Senior Managers and Certification Regime (SMCR). A few other jurisdictions (e.g. Ireland and Australia) adopted similar requirements. In this article we document interviews with individuals who are or have been directly involved in implementing the regime or are currently personally impacted by it. These interviews were conducted to assess the regimes effectiveness 8 years after its introduction and consider how the regime compares to those adopted elsewhere. Our research indicates a perception that when the SMCR was initially implemented in 2016, regulated firms went into over-drive to make the new regime effective, but that regulatory focus has since moved on. Our participants all appear to agree that the quality of documentation and level of accountability has improved, but the impact on culture and professionalism was more conflicted. On top of this there are specific concerns about regulatory process delays, the provision of references and recruitment and retention. Conversely, the question of lack of enforcement, over which concerns have previously been raised, appears to matter little except in relation to its role as a signalling device.
Effect of Dy2O3 on the phase formation and electrical properties of Tl-1223 HTS
Authors: Metskhvarishvili I. R. , Menelaou Melita , Lobzhanidze T. E. , Dgebuadze G. N. , Surmanidze D. L. , Bendeliani B. G. , Gabunia V. M. , Metskhvarishvili M. R. , Jishiashvili D. A.
Published: January 2025

TlBa2Ca2Cu3DyxO8+δ superconductor samples (x = 0–0.075) were prepared by a two-step solid-state reaction technique to investigate the impact of Dy2O3 (dysprosium sesquioxide) addition on the formation and the transport properties of the Tl-1223 phase. The samples were analyzed using X-ray powder diffraction, AC susceptibility, and high-harmonics temperature dependence to study the effects of Dy2O3 on phase formation, superconducting transition temperature Tc, and the intergrain critical current density Jc. XRD results revealed that the prepared samples are nearly single-phases Tl-1223 with a tetragonal structure. Tc is not suppressed as Dy content increased, while Jc increased up to x = 0.025, then decreased with a further increase in x. Our findings show that the presence of dysprosium sesquioxide promotes the high-Tc phase and enhances the transport critical current densities.
Photonic “hourglass” design beyond the standard bulk model of phonon decoherence
Authors: Neto José Ferreira , Gaál Benedek , Vannucci Luca , Gregersen Niels
Published: January 2025

We study the impact of mechanical vibrations on the performance of the photonic “hourglass” structure, which is predicted to emit single photons on demand with near-unity efficiency and indistinguishability. Previous investigations neglected the impact of vibrational modes inherent to this quasi-1D geometry, relying instead on a three-dimensional bulk assumption for the phonon modes. However, it has been shown that phonon decoherence has a much stronger impact on 1D structures as compared with bulk media. Here, we surprisingly demonstrate the robustness of the photonic hourglass design, achieving close-to-unity indistinguishability even by incorporating a detailed description of the vibrational modes. We explain this unexpected result in terms of the large Purcell enhancement of the hourglass single-photon source, which eliminates the negative effect of phonons. Our findings highlight the key role of high-Q optical cavities in mitigating the detrimental effect of phonon decoherence, even for structures of reduced dimensionality.
Dynamic domain adaptive EEG emotion recognition based on multi-source selection
Authors: Wang Zhongmin , Zhao Mengxuan
Published: January 2025

Emotion recognition based on electroencephalogram (EEG) has always been a research hotspot. However, due to significant individual variations in EEG signals, cross-subject emotion recognition based on EEG remains a challenging issue to address. In this article, we propose a dynamic domain-adaptive EEG emotion recognition method based on multi-source selection. The method considers each subject as a separate domain, filters suitable source domains from multiple subjects by assessing their resemblance, then further extracts the common and domain-specific features of the source and target domains, and then employs dynamic domain adaptation to mitigate inter-domain discrepancies. Global domain differences and local subdomain differences are also considered, and a dynamic factor is added so that the model training process first focuses on global distribution differences and gradually switches to local subdomain distributions. We conducted cross-subject and cross-session experiments on the SEED and SEED-IV datasets, respectively, and the cross-subject accuracies were 89.76% and 65.28%; the cross-session experiments were 91.63% and 67.83%. The experimental outcomes affirm the efficacy of the EEG emotion recognition approach put forward in this paper.
Waste drilling fluid flocculation identification method based on improved YOLOv8n
Authors: Wan Min , Yang Xin , Zhang Huaibang
Published: January 2025

Efficient identification of the flocculation state of waste drilling fluid remains a significant challenge. This study proposes an improved You Only Look Once version 8 nano-algorithm (YOLOv8n), specifically optimized for real-time monitoring of drilling fluid flocculation under field conditions. The algorithm employs MobileNetV3 as the backbone network to minimize memory usage, improve detection speed, and reduce computational requirements. The integration of the efficient multi-scale attention mechanism into the cross-stage partial fusion module effectively mitigates detail loss, resulting in improved detection performance for images with high similarity. The wise intersection over union loss function is employed to accelerate bounding box convergence and improve inference accuracy. Experimental results show that the enhanced YOLOv8n algorithm achieves an average recognition accuracy of 98.6% on the experimental dataset, a 4.8% improvement over the original model. In addition, the model size and parameter count are reduced to 2.9 MB and 2.8 Giga Floating-Point Operations Per Second (GFLOPS), respectively, compared to the original model, reflecting a reduction of 3.2 MB and 5.3 GFLOPS. As a result, the proposed flocculation recognition algorithm is highly deployable and effectively predicts flocculation state changes across varying working conditions.
A novel model of photoacoustic and thermalelectronic waves in semiconductor material
Authors: Raddadi M. H. , Lotfy Kh. , El-Bary A. A. , Mahdy A. M. S. , Elidy E. S.
Published: January 2025

We explore theoretically the photoacoustic wave propagation created by the photoexcited carrier diffusion in the thermoelastic domain. Consideration is given to the coupling of acoustic and thermomechanical waves. Under the influence of photothermal and thermoelasticity theories, the governing equations are derived. The photoacoustic wave creation is independent of the electron–phonon and electron–hole thermalization and results from the thermoelastic stress brought on by the increase in temperature generated by the light. Considering the optical, elastic, and thermoelastic properties of semiconductor material, photoacoustic signals are predicted by solving a thermal diffusion issue and then a thermoelastic problem in sequence. Using the harmonic wave method, we can solve the mathematical model. All the physical fields in the physical domain can be obtained from the numerical solutions of the mathematical model, including displacements, temperature, acoustic pressure, mechanical distributions, and carrier density diffusion. Two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) graphical representations of the thermoelectric, thermo-energy, and thermoelastic parameters are created, and their impacts are compared and analyzed.
Electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of CoTiSi half-Heusler alloy: Doping overtones
Authors: Shukla A. , Matth Sadhana , Pal Raghavendra , Warsi S. S. A. , Pandey Himanshu
Published: January 2025

The quest for thermoelectric materials with high figures of merit is an ongoing and significant area of research. In this study, we investigate the thermoelectric properties of the CoTiSi half-Heusler alloy using density functional theory calculations implemented via the WIEN2k package. Our approach begins with thorough structural optimization to determine the equilibrium lattice parameter and the atomic positions of the constituent elements within the unit cell of CoTiSi. Following this, we analyze the thermal transport properties of the alloy under the constant relaxation time approximation, which allows us to gain insights into its thermoelectric performance. Our calculations reveal a substantial Seebeck voltage and thermopower, with notably higher values for P-type doping than for N-type doping. This finding highlights the enhanced thermoelectric performance of P-type carriers in this material, providing a starting point for experimentalists to utilize this alloy for real device applications.
Numerical and experimental investigations of the aerodynamic drag characteristics and reduction of an autonomous vehicle
Authors: Zhao Jian , Su Chuqi , Liu Xun , Wang Junyan , Tang Dongxu , Wang Yiping
Published: January 2025

Externally mounted sensors on autonomous vehicles can introduce interference effects, altering the aerodynamic characteristics compared with those of conventional vehicles and significantly increasing aerodynamic drag. In this study, the structure of the external flow field around an autonomous vehicle and the constitutive law of its aerodynamic drag were revealed through computational fluid dynamics simulations. A wind tunnel experiment was conducted to validate the reliability of the numerical method. To minimize the aerodynamic drag of the autonomous vehicle, the shapes of the externally mounted sensors were parameterized. The design of experiments, the Kriging surrogate model, and the optimization algorithm were then used to optimize these shapes. Finally, the improvements in the steady and unsteady aerodynamic performance of the autonomous vehicle were analyzed, and the mechanisms and effects of the drag reduction were explored in detail. The results indicate that, compared with the baseline model, the optimized model significantly reduces the proportion of interference drag within the total aerodynamic drag, along with a marked decrease in the interference effects of the externally mounted sensors. Furthermore, compared with the baseline model, the optimized model reduces the aerodynamic drag coefficient by 5.99% under steady-state simulation and significantly improves aerodynamic performance under unsteady simulation. These findings demonstrate the high effectiveness of the optimization design for autonomous vehicles.
Interfacial tension and viscosity-contrast driven moving-contact-line-hydrodynamics along tortuous pathways
Authors: Sultan Md , Dhar Purbarun
Published: January 2025

In this article, we report the influence of interfacial tension and the viscosity-contrast on the moving contact line (MCL) hydrodynamics of two immiscible fluids, flowing within a periodic tortuous or porous domain. The motion of the driving fluid is generated by an externally applied pressure gradient, and a displacing-displaced type flow occurs. The surface wettability of the pores is determined by a predefined static contact angle. We investigate the combined effects of interfacial tension, pore packing fraction, viscosity-contrast, and substrate wettability on interfacial and MCL dynamics using the Cahn–Hilliard–Navier–Stokes phase field formalism. Depending on the viscosity and the interfacial tension, two distinct spatiotemporal regimes emerge: the entrapment of displaced phase between successive pores (forming a liquid bridge), or the merging of MCL after traversing the pores (resulting in complete interface recovery). We observe complete interface recovery for the combinations of nA=0.15–0.6 and θ=45∘–75∘ when Ca=1.2×10−5 and ηR=1. A similar phenomenon is also observed for nA=0.15–0.30 and θ=75∘–135∘. When Ca=1.2×10−3 and ηR=100, complete interface recovery is observed for nA=0.15 and θ=45∘–60∘, and under all other wettability and porosity conditions, a liquid bridge forms. Our results reveal the complex mechanisms by virtue of which interfacial tension at the fluid–fluid interface influences the dynamic evolution of MCL and, consequently, the geometries and dimensions of the trapped displaced phase within the liquid bridge. We also demonstrate, via detailed regime maps, that the likelihood of liquid bridge formation and complete recovery is strongly affected by viscosity contrasts, along with relevant surface properties and governing parameters. We also report how the velocity of the MCL on the pore surface varies with changes in the viscosity contrast and interfacial tension. Finally, we also pin-point a new mechanism of liquid entrapment in such scenarios, where both upstream and downstream pores play a role.
A review of advanced solutions in constructed wetlands for sustainable wastewater management
Authors: Pandiarajan Sivasankar , Sankararajan Vanitha
Published: January 2025

Wastewater management has become crucial as the global population grows. Construction wetlands (CWs) have emerged as a promising way to treat wastewater, providing a natural and cost-effective alternative. This review aims to present a state-of-the-art review of CWs for sustainable wastewater management. The major parameters affecting constructed wetlands are characterized as unit parameters, operational parameters, and meteorological parameters. The unit parameters are media and vegetation, and the major operational parameters are hydraulic loading rate and hydraulic flow rate. Among this, the unit and operational parameters can be controlled by operators or design engineers whereas in the case of meteorological parameters the uncontrollable ones. This study examines initially the major interaction between unit and operational parameters affecting the performance of CWs. Then the effect of meteorological parameters are, namely, temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity on unit parameters and operational parameters. Furthermore, overall challenges faced in constructed wetlands are critically reviewed, and suitable recommendations suggested to improve the overall performance are discussed. This review concludes that to maximize CW efficiency, design considerations include selecting appropriate wetlands (surface flow, subsurface flow, hybrid), determining the configuration of a system (horizontal flow or vertical flow), selecting the substrate material, and incorporating innovative technologies such as solar-powered aeration systems and biochar-amended substrates. In the future, integrating wetlands with other advanced treatment technologies, enhancing plant species and microbial consortia, adapting to climate variations, and developing better monitoring and modeling methods.
The role of wetting on the flow of two immiscible fluids in porous media
Authors: Shahmardi Armin , Zamani Salimi Salar , Tammisola Outi , Brandt Luca , Rosti Marco Edoardo
Published: January 2025

We study the role of the capillary number, Ca and of the surface wettability on the dynamics of the interface between an invading and a defending phase in a porous medium by means of numerical simulations. We employ a hybrid phase field-immersed boundary approach to successfully model the contact line dynamics over the solid objects. Using a phase-field method which naturally incorporates dynamic wetting we eliminate the need for empirical contact line models to address contact line singularity. We map the two dominant modes governing the motion of the interface, namely, capillary fingering, and stable penetration, in the (Ca − θ) plane, with θ the static contact angle prescribed at the solid pores. Capillary fingering dominates at lower values of Ca and pores hydrophobic to the invading phase, while a stable penetration is observed on hydrophillic surfaces. We present new measurements and analyses, including curvature probability density functions and average curvature. We also show that the pressure needed for the invading phase to advance at constant flow rate decreases with the capillary number, and increases with the contact angle at the capillary numbers considered. The latter is due to a significant increase in the length of the interface in the case of capillary fingering. Finally, we show that it is possible to identify the different interfacial modes by measuring the penetration length and velocity during the medium filling.
Hydrodynamic performance of two-dimensional undulating fins under flow excitation near the free surface in three-dimensional numerical tank
Authors: Liu Chenxiang , Zhang Xiantao , Wang Chenglong
Published: January 2025

This study explores the propulsion and hydrodynamics of an undulating fin near the free surface under various conditions. The fin, secured within the flow field, was actuated sinusoidally. A numerical technique, founded on the dynamic mesh and volume of fluid method, was employed to simulate the two-phase fluid-fin system. The outcomes demonstrate that, without the free surface taken into consideration, both thrust and efficiency are augmented by increasing wave amplitude and frequency. Notably, efficiency experiences a decline with escalating frequency, exhibiting a lack of sensitivity to wave amplitude. Incorporating the free surface in our analysis, the thrust is markedly augmented under low-frequency conditions, with this enhancement becoming more pronounced as the fin approaches the free surface. At high frequency, the fin away from the free surface behaved similarly to scenarios ignoring the free surface. Nevertheless, as the fin's proximity to the free surface decreased, thrust decreased gradually. This phenomenon attributed to the undulations of the free surface. At lower frequency, the free surface exhibited no significant wave patterns, and the reduced flow velocity within the flow field was found to be conducive to thrust generation. Conversely, at higher frequency and in close proximity to the free surface, distinct waveforms emerged on the free surface. The initiation and propagation of these waveforms were found to be highly correlated with the reduction in thrust on the fin surface. This study offers valuable insight for the design and optimization of undulating robots, particularly for applications in tasks conducted near the free surface.
Permeability of porous microstructure in thermal protection system under high-temperature reactive gas conditions
Authors: Tian Yuhao , Lin Guiping , Guo Jinghui , Zhang Qiming
Published: January 2025

The transport properties of thermal protection materials are fundamentally altered by high-temperature chemical reactions during hypersonic entry, which is crucial for accurately predicting material response and thermal protection performance. This study employs the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method to investigate the permeability characteristics of typical thermal protection material porous microstructures under high-temperature reactive gas conditions. Using a 3D needle-punched carbon preforms as the porous microstructure sample, the influence of flow parameters (gas temperature and composition) and thermochemical effects (internal energy excitation and chemical reactions) on the material permeability is examined across three temperature levels (1000, 1600, and 2850 K) and three gas compositions (pure O2, half O2/half O, and pure O). Non-reactive mixtures exhibit linear permeability-pressure relationships which follow the Klinkenberg model. However, chemical reactions significantly induce nonlinear variations, especially at higher temperatures and O concentrations. Complex flow patterns, including non-uniform mass flux distributions and localized flow reversals, are observed in reactive cases. The results reveal that the interplay between chemical reactions, diffusion, and flow dynamics significantly influences permeability characteristics.