bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical evaluation of MiSight 1 day contact lens for myopia control: Three-year milestone results
Authors: Chamberlain Paul , Dumbleton Kathy , Lumb Elizabeth
Published: October 2022

With prevalence and progression of myopia increasing globally, and interest growing on myopia management in the UK, Paul Chamberlain, Kathy Dumbleton and Elizabeth Lumb summarise results from a recent peer-reviewed publication on the landmark three-year, randomised clinical trial of MiSight 1 day, the world's first soft contact lens proven to slow the progression of myopia in children
Eye care in the community: Part 10 – Optic neuritis
Authors: Patel Kirit
Published: October 2022

This month, community-based optometrist Kirit Patel describes two different presentations of optic neuritis
Low vision: tennis anyone?
Authors: Harvey Bill
Published: October 2022

Bill Harvey finds a spectacle mounted telescope a useful alternative when cataract surgery is being deferred
Optegra: Filling the void
Authors: McClean Andrew
Published: October 2022

Robert Morris tells Andrew McClean how Optegra has adapted its practises during Covid-19 and eased the backlog at the NHS
Domiciliary: Home safety
Authors: Hale Mike
Published: October 2022

Mike Hale finds out how the provision of domiciliary eye care has been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic
Fundamentals of ophthalmic dispensing part 13: Eye movements
Authors: Black Peter , Arbon Tina
Published: October 2022

In the second article focusing on binocular vision as an influence upon spectacle correction, Peter Black and Tina Arbon explain the anatomical basis of eye movement and how each eye moves relative to the other (C76782, one distance learning CET point suitable for optometrists and dispensing opticians)
Covid-19 and eye care for the elderly
Authors: Gherghel Doina
Published: October 2022

Dr Doina Gherghel discusses the impact of Covid-19 upon elderly patients and those with sight loss. (C76810, one distance learning CET point suitable for optometrists and dispensing opticians)
Looking ahead: Lifestyle advice and disease prevention in community practice
Authors: Cartwright David
Published: October 2022

With many of the risk factors for eye disease, and poor health in general, being modifiable, David Cartwright explains why eye care professionals are well placed to introduce tailored advice about lifestyle change, and shows how local schemes are already contributing to improvements in long term health profiles. The previous focus on treatment and correction is currently under severe strain and a structured approach to improved prevention is likely to be an important part of our role in years to come (C76817, one distance learning CET point suitable for optometrists and dispensing opticians)
2020 In Review: An opportunity missed?
Authors: Kotoulas Yiannis
Published: October 2022

The coronavirus pandemic has disrupted eye health initiatives in what was meant to be a seminal year for the profession. Yiannis Kotoulas reports.
Case reviews in myopic management 1
Authors: Farrant Sarah
Published: October 2022

Sarah Farrant follows up her review of the new MYAH instrument, published in last week's issue, with a discussion of a case of myopia management from her practice.
In Focus: Difficult decisions
Authors: McClean Andrew
Published: October 2022

Andrew McClean finds out how the professional bodies have adjusted their membership fees for practitioners in light of the pandemic.
Fundamentals of ophthalmic dispensing 14: Prismatic effects and binocular vision – part 3
Authors: Black Peter , Black Tina Arbon
Published: October 2022

The preceding two articles in this series have looked at the basics of prismatic effects, binocular vision and eye movements. Here Peter Black and Tina Arbon Black apply that knowledge to common dispensing problems as well as introducing aspects of binocular vision in near vision (C76988, one distance learning CET point suitable for optometrists and dispensing opticians).
Covid-19: Keeping you updated
Authors: Harvey Bill
Published: October 2022

In the first of a weekly column, Bill Harvey discusses the latest news relating to the coronavirus pandemic
The correct use of soap
Authors: Atkins Nick
Published: October 2022

Nick Atkins reviews the importance of hand hygiene in clinical practice.
Not a normal condition
Authors: Bolger John
Published: October 2022

John Bolger tells Andrew McClean about the first year of My-iClinic's myopia control clinic
In focus: Staying away from water
Authors: McClean Andrew
Published: October 2022

Researchers have explored how the use of stickers could create better understanding about contact lens hygiene among patients. Andrew McClean reports
Myopia: Improving lifestyles
Authors: McClean Andrew
Published: October 2022

Andrew McClean speaks to three patients who participated in the clinical trial of CooperVision's MiSight 1 day at the University of Waterloo's Centre for Ocular Research and Education in Canada.
Post-lockdown clinics 2: ‘You're gonna need a bigger boat’
Authors: Howard Nick , Tromans Cindy
Published: October 2022

As eye care practitioners return to a post-lockdown service, Nick Howard and Dr Cindy Tromans take a further look at ensuring both practitioner and patient safety as restrictions ease.
Contact lens discomfort
Authors: Stad Simone
Published: October 2022

Simone Stad considers the possible causes of contact lens discomfort – will it be the contact lens or a challenging ocular surface?
Eye care for children with learning disabilities 2: Assessment of vision and visual needs
Authors: Rughani Sonal , Donaldson Lisa
Published: October 2022

In the second in our series discussing the vision of children with learning disabilities, Sonal Rughani and Lisa Donaldson offer practical advice and strategies on how to successfully engage children with learning disabilities to assess their eye health and vision needs (C76171, one distance learning CET point suitable for optometrists and dispensing opticians)
Systemic side effects of ocular medication: Topical therapeutic drugs – part 2
Authors: Gherghel Doina
Published: October 2022

Dr Doina Gherghel continues here review of adverse effects of ophthalmic drugs with a focus upon those used to treat ocular disease (C 76218, one distance learning CET point suitable for optometrists and therapeutic optometrists)
OCT round-up: Scanning the market
Authors: White Emma
Published: October 2022

Emma White highlights the latest developments in optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology, for the early detection and monitoring of major eye conditions, from faster scan times and enhanced fundus imaging to remote operation for safe social distancing
Essential contact lens practice 9: Rigid gas permeable contact lens fitting
Authors: Hiscox Rachel , Evans Katharine
Published: October 2022

In the ninth article in our major series about modern contact lens practice edited by Dr Rachel Hiscox, Dr Katharine Evans discusses rigid gas permeable contact lens fitting (C76252, one distance learning CET point suitable for optometrists, contact lens opticians and dispensing opticians)
Goldilocks and contact lens (dis)comfort
Authors: Cole Andy
Published: October 2022

Continuing our series, developed with Alcon, focusing on how to best ensure comfortable contact lens wear, Andy Cole discusses the way communication skills may be used to elicit the best information upon which the best advice may be based (C76253, one distance learning CET point suitable for optometrists)
Now I can see what you are saying
Authors: Tooth Cirta
Published: October 2022

In the first of two articles highlighting deaf awareness, Cirta Tooth discusses creating a welcoming environment and facilitating communication with people with a hearing impairment in optometric practice (C76270, one distance learning CET point suitable for optometrists and dispensing opticians)
In Focus: Providing specialised services
Authors: Kotoulas Yiannis
Published: October 2022

Yiannis Kotoulas reports on the NHS England roll out of an optical service for special needs children.
Archive 5: l.a.Eyeworks
Authors: Jones Simon
Published: October 2022

Simon Jones gets the run down on five milestone frames from Los Angeles eyewear rebels, l.a. Eyeworks.
Hybrid lenses – an update: Prescribing and fitting
Authors: Thomson Phil
Published: October 2022

Do you think hybrids are specialist lenses? Well, think again. Phil Thomson explains.
What can we learn from a service evaluation in a hospital low vision clinic?
Authors: Tooth Cirta
Published: October 2022

Cirta Tooth discusses an analysis of the activities of a Scottish hospital low vision service and reflects on what lessons might be learned regarding the best approach to managing people with vision loss.
Technology: Near at home
Authors: Harvey Bill
Published: October 2022

Bill Harvey takes the Vision Toolbox on his domiciliary rounds.
In Focus: GOC approves ESR findings
Authors: Kotoulas Yiannis
Published: October 2022

Optical associations have reacted with cautious optimism to the confirmation of the GOC's new requirements for qualification. Yiannis Kotoulas reports.
Optician Awards: Standing out from the crowd
Authors: Kotoulas Yiannis
Published: October 2022

Yiannis Kotoulas chats with Robinson Optometrists about winning Independent Practice of the Year at the 2020 Optician Awards.
In Focus: A positive position
Authors: Kotoulas Yiannis
Published: October 2022

Yiannis Kotoulas reports on a recent webinar that provided a cheery analysis of what this year's Budget meant
Optomap case study – 3
Authors: Browning Simon
Published: October 2022

In the third in a monthly series showing the benefits of ultra-widefield retinal assessment, including those of particular relevance during the current pandemic, Simon Browning describes the assessment of choroidal naevi and shows how different colour channel imaging helps to locate a pigmented lesion to a specific depth, so helping diagnosis
In Focus: Finding success
Authors: Kotoulas Yiannis , McClean Andrew
Published: October 2022

Yiannis Kotoulas and Andrew McClean report on SightCare's two-day online conference
Is contrast sensitivity relevant to optometric practice?
Authors: Tooth Cirta
Published: October 2022

Cirta Tooth discusses the role of contrast sensitivity in detecting pathology and how common eye diseases affect it and considers how this impact affects performance in undertaking everyday visual tasks (C 77629, one distance learning CET point suitable for optometrists and dispensing opticians)
Lifestyle and eye care 3 - A move to the dark side: The role of dark adaptation
Authors: Narayan Rohit
Published: October 2022

In the latest in the series looking at developments in our understanding of retinal physiology and how this may ultimately influence the detection and prevention of common eye disease, Dr Rohit Narayan describes the physiology of photoreception and how being able to measure changes to dark adaptation may present a useful future means of early disease detection.
A fundamental commitment
Authors: McClean Andrew
Published: October 2022

Andrew McClean finds out what myopia resources are available to practitioners in order to help deliver the best care to patients
Keeping it under control
Authors: Hale Mike
Published: October 2022

Mike Hale presents an overview of the dedicated myopia management products currently available on the UK market
Farsightedness
Authors: Harvey Bill
Published: October 2022

The World Council of Optometry has just approved a resolution supporting the optometrists in adopting myopia management across the globe. Bill Harvey discusses its significance
Is colour vision relevant to optometric practice?
Authors: Tooth Cirta
Published: October 2022

In a companion article to her review of the impact of contrast sensitivity on everyday life, Cirta Tooth discusses reasons why colour vision testing can play an important role in detecting pathology and in understanding the impact of pathology on task performance and daily functioning.
Lenses: Driven to succeed
Authors: Hale Mike
Published: October 2022

Mike Hale looks at various lens products on the UK market that aim to meet the complex visual needs posed by driving
In Focus: Campaign's new lease of life
Authors: McClean Andrew
Published: October 2022

Andrew McClean looks at the relaunch of the Love Your Lenses campaign
YAG laser capsulotomy in optometry: An important parameter
Authors: Matheson Andrew
Published: October 2022

In the latest in our series looking at techniques undertaken by specialist optometrists, Andrew Matheson discusses the use of the YAG laser in managing posterior capsular opacification (c suitable for one distance learning CET point for optometrists and therapeutic optometrists)
BCLA goes virtual
Authors: Stevens-Burt Luke
Published: October 2022

Luke Stevens-Burt explains how the upcoming virtual British Contact Lens Association's Conference and Exhibition will work and picks out some highlights from the programme
In Focus: Moorfields’ hope for Hoxton
Authors: Kotoulas Yiannis
Published: October 2022

A new site in Hoxton hopes to streamline the patient journey and promote social distancing. Yiannis Kotoulas reports
Eye care in the community 6: Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Patel Kirit
Published: October 2022

Continuing our series of challenging cases from the community eye care practice, Kirit Patel looks at a condition caused by an extra X chromosome
Lifestyle and eye care 4: Eye care professionals - an approach to disease prevention
Authors: Narayan Rohit
Published: October 2022

Dr Rohit Narayan concludes his series of reviews of the latest research into the association between various aspects of lifestyle and eye disease by describing how our current knowledge may help us to develop a strategy for the earlier detection of disease and giving advice to patients that may help prevent future disease.
CLs for presbyopes: Reuseable multifocal
Authors: Ruston David , Williby Greg , Moody Kurt
Published: October 2022

David Ruston, Greg Williby and Kurt Moody introduce the newly launched Acuvue Oasys Multifocal contact lens
Pharmacovigilance 1
Authors: Gherghel Doina
Published: October 2022

In the first of two articles offering an overview of pharmacovigilance and its relevance to eye care practice, Dr Doina Gherghel explains both the concept and its associated legislation (C78866, one distance learning CET point suitable for optometrists and therapeutic optometrists)
Fundamentals of ophthalmic dispensing 20: Personal eye protection 1
Authors: Black Peter , Arbon Tina
Published: October 2022

Eye injury remains a significant cause of monocular visual impairment, and blindness in monocular patients. This is the first of two articles in which Peter Black and Tina Arbon Black explore personal eye protection and prescription safety spectacles. (C78821 suitable as one distance learning CET point for optometrists and dispensing opticians)
Presbyopia and multifocal contact lenses 2: Prescribing and fitting
Authors: Dumbleton Kathy , Laughton Debbie , Palombi Jennifer
Published: October 2022

In the second of two articles looking at the role that multifocal contact lenses can play in the correction of presbyopia, Professor Kathy Dumbleton, Dr Debbie Laughton and Dr Jennifer Palombi discuss prescribing trends, recommendations for prescribing, supplemental fitting tools and patient satisfaction.
India: Simple magnifying aid
Authors: Kumar Narendra
Published: October 2022

In another of his occasional reports from India, Dr Narendra Kumar describes a case where one of the simplest and least powered magnification devices he has available was able to help a patient.
Cycloplegic refraction 1
Authors: Tang Sosena
Published: October 2022

Sosena Tang reviews the mechanisms behind accommodation and how it affects refraction, the availability of cycloplegic drugs for optometrists, and how and when to use them. Case examples of post-cycloplegic prescribing are also presented.
Dry Eye: Drying times
Authors: Hale Mike
Published: October 2022

Mike Hale presents some of the devices available to practitioners in the UK for diagnosis and treatment of dry eye.
Books: In depth look at vision
Authors: Patel Sudi
Published: October 2022

Professor Sudi Patel reviews a new book that takes a look at the fascinating history of the stereoscope.
Archive 5: Silhouette
Authors: McClean Andrew
Published: October 2022

Andrew McClean explores Silhouette's history.
Current progress in Ce3+-doped selenide glasses for mid-infrared lasers
Authors: Frolov M. P. , Leonov S. O. , Korostelin Yu. V. , Kozlovsky V. I. , Skasyrsky Ya. K. , Sukhanov M. V. , Velmuzhov A. P. , Fjodorow P. , Galagan B. I. , Denker B. I. , Sverchkov S. E. , Koltashev V. V. , Plotnichenko V. G.
Published: October 2022

The influence of rare earth dopant concentration on selenide laser glass quality was investigated. A problem to be solved was identified – an increase in rare earth doping level leads to optical losses due to light scattering by heterogeneous inclusions and to the decrease of the optical damage threshold. The room temperature laser system consisting of 4.6 μm pulsed Fe:ZnSe pump laser and Ce3+:Ge20Sb10Ga5Se65 bulk glass was demonstrated. The slope efficiency of Ce3+:glass laser with respect to the absorbed pump energy reached 25% with a maximum output energy of 45 mJ.
Mehrwerte und Herausforderungen der kombinierten Nutzung von Lean Six Sigma und Robotic Process Automation bei Finanzinstituten
Authors: Schnellmann Marianne , Block Andreas , Gellrich Mario
Published: October 2022

Der stetige Wandel und die damit verbundenen Anforderungen sind Treiber der Weiterentwicklung von Unternehmen. Um am Markt bestehen zu können, wird eine kontinuierliche Verbesserung der Geschäftsprozesse benötigt. Um Geschäftsprozesse verbessern zu können, setzen Finanzinstitute vielfach auf den Einsatz von Lean Six Sigma (LSS) und Robotic Process Automation (RPA). Diese beiden Methoden kommen dabei allerdings selten kombiniert zur Anwendung. Auch die Forschung konzentriert sich vorwiegend auf die separate Anwendung dieser beiden Methoden. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Mehrwerte und Herausforderungen einer kombinierten Nutzung von LSS und RPA. Die Analysen basieren auf ExpertInnen-Interviews, einer LinkedIn-NutzerInnen Umfrage sowie einer Fallstudie, welche in einer Schweizer Grossbank durchgeführt wurde. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Kombination von LSS mittels RPA einen Mehrwert in Bezug auf die Verbesserung der Geschäftsprozesse liefern kann. Mehrwerte können in den Bereichen „Prozessverbesserungen“, „strukturierte Vorgehensweise“, „Optimierung RPA“ und „Ressourceneinsparungen“ ausgemacht werden. Die zentralen Herausforderungen beim kombinierten Einsatz von LSS und RPA liegen in den Bereichen „Führung“, „Vorgehen“, „Mitarbeitende“ und „Vorgaben“. Es werden fünf zentrale Handlungsempfehlungen ausgesprochen: Organisatorisch klar geregelte zentrale Leitung, proaktive und umfassende Wahrnehmung der Führungsverantwortung, systematische Kompetenzentwicklung in den Bereichen LSS und RPA, klar strukturierte Vorgehensweise für die Prozess- bzw. Problemanalyse sowie Fokussierung auf die Sicherstellung nachhaltiger Massnahmen.
Designfaktoren zur Wertmaximierung von B2B Datenaustausch in datengetriebenen Plattform Ökosystemen
Authors: Tingelhoff Fabian , Elshan Edona , Ebel Philipp
Published: October 2022

Datengetriebene Plattform Ökosysteme bilden eine Formalisierung und Automatisierung des Datenaustausches zwischen Unternehmen. Als solche stellen sie eine Technologie dar, durch dessen Verwendung Vorteile gegenüber eines herkömmlichen Datenaustausches (z. B. über Excel-Sheets und Emails) erzielt werden können. Jedoch sind Studien, die aus einer Ökosystem-Perspektive beleuchten, wie solche Plattformen mehrwert-optimiert gestaltet werden können, bislang unterrepräsentiert. Diese Forschungslücke soll innerhalb der vorliegenden Studie durch eine Datenerhebung in der Praxis geschlossen werden.

In einer Interviewstudie mit 11 Vertretern aus deutschsprachigen, international tätigen Unternehmen wurden Organisationsteilnehmer des mittleren und gehobenen Managements zu ihrer Partizipation in datengetriebenen Plattformen befragt. Dabei liefert dieses Paper im Wesentlichen 3 Beiträge:

1. Designfaktoren zur Wertmaximierung der Plattform-Teilnehmer wurden aus einer Ökosystem-Perspektive herausgearbeitet. Zusätzlich wurde ein Framework zur Auflistung und Kategorisierung wichtiger Designfaktoren angefertigt.

2. Auf Grundlage der Literaturanalyse und Praxisdaten wurden zwei Thesen entwickelt, die spezifische Design-Anforderungen beschreiben, welchen im Rahmen der Datensammlung und -Auswertung besondere Beachtung zugesprochen wurde.

3. Das Verständnis von Wertbildung im digitalen Raum wurde auf Datenaustausch-Plattformen erweitert.

Die ersten beiden Beiträge dieses Papers adressieren Praktiker. Unternehmen sollen ermächtigt werden, zielgerichtete und informierte Entscheidungen im Bezug zur wertmaximierenden Gestaltung inter-organisationalen Datenaustauschs treffen zu können. Gleichzeitig soll mittels der zwei Thesen zu datengetriebenen Austauschplattformen eine Diskussion über ihre Rolle in der Praxis angestoßen werden. Der dritte Beitrag dieser Studie widmet sich dem akademischen Diskurs, da über die Erweiterung des Verständnisses von Wertbildung im digitalen Raum auf Datenaustausch-Plattformen eine Grundlage für die weitergehende Erforschung dieses Plattform-Typs geschaffen werden soll.
Die Gestaltung gemeinsamer Wertschöpfung in Service Ökosystemen – Einsichten aus einem Digital Twin Projekt
Authors: Wache Hendrik , Dinter Barbara
Published: October 2022

Für die Digitalisierung der Fertigungsindustrie ist es notwendig, dass Unternehmen in neuen Partnerkonstellationen kollaborieren, um neuartige digitale Services anzubieten. Die Zusammenarbeit bei der Entwicklung von den entstehenden Service Ökosystemen hat einen großen Einfluss auf die später möglichen Geschäftsmodelle. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden anhand eines Beispielprojektes für die Entwicklung einer Digital Twin Plattform Spannungsfelder und Lösungsmechanismen vorgestellt, die beim Aufbau von digitalen Softwareplattformen und Service Ökosystemen auftreten können. Die Spannungsfelder erstrecken sich über alle Projektphasen und resultieren aus drei Faktoren: einer fehlenden gemeinsamen Weltsicht, dem Bedürfnis nach lokaler Optimierung sowie einem Fokus auf Effizienzsteigerungen statt Innovationen. Abschließend werden Leitfragen formuliert, mit denen Spannungsfelder identifiziert werden können, um Lösungsmechanismen zu entwickeln und somit die erfolgreiche Gestaltung eines Service Ökosystems sicherzustellen.
Empirische Analyse zur Relevanz der Zertifizierungskurse „Product Owner“ und „Scrum Master“ und Ableitung einer ergänzenden On-the-Job-Qualifizierung
Authors: Mahmuzic Nadja , Andelfinger Urs
Published: October 2022

Im Laufe der Jahre haben Zertifizierungen wie Product Owner (PO) und Scrum Master (SM) im agilen Umfeld immer mehr an Bedeutung gewonnen. Gleichzeitig gilt hier wie bei vielen anderen beruflichen Weiterbildungen, dass Kompaktkurse und Zertifizierungen allein nicht ausreichen dürften, um die durch die Zertifikate bescheinigten Rollen wirksam ausfüllen zu können, sondern dass dazu weitere Kompetenzen erforderlich sind. Auch hierfür gibt es inzwischen vielfältige Ergänzungskurse und Trainingspfade. Diese sind aber typischerweise auch wieder modular nach Wissens- und Kompetenzgebieten strukturiert. Demgegenüber zeichnet sich die Praxis gerade dadurch aus, dass sie prozessorientiert ist und die verschiedenen Wissensbausteine und Kompetenzgebiete aus der Schulung deshalb in immer neuen Konstellationen und Kombinationen situativ angepasst angewendet werden müssen und gerade nicht in sauber getrennten Modulen. Insgesamt resultiert also eine Lücke zwischen dem, was die Zertifikatskurse einschließlich Aufbaukursen vermitteln (können) und was in der Praxis darüber hinaus benötigt wird, um die Rollen eines POs oder SMs kompetent ausüben zu können. Der Beitrag entwickelt am Beispiel der Rolle eines PO einen Vorschlag, wie diese Lücke auf der Basis einer Erstqualifizierung geschlossen werden könnte. Dazu wird eine berufsintegrierte und prozessorientierte On-the-Job-Qualifizierung vorgestellt, die die fehlende unmittelbare Umsetzung und situative Verbindung der verschiedenen Wissens- und Kompetenzgebiete aus den Zertifikatskursen unter Begleitung von erfahrenen Mentoren in den Mittelpunkt stellt. Die Inhalte und die Grundstruktur der On-the-Job-Qualifizierung sind dabei mithilfe einer qualitativ-empirischen Vorgehensweise entwickelt und validiert worden. Der Ansatz ermöglicht es agilen Unternehmen, die Lücke zwischen den Zertifizierungsinhalten und den eigentlichen PO-Aufgaben in der Praxis zu schließen, so dass die PO rascher in ihrer Rolle wirksam werden können. Eine Übertragung des Ansatzes auf die Rolle des SM ist ebenfalls leicht möglich.
Internationale Büroimmobilien-Investoren: Preisprämien aufgrund von Selektionsverzerrungen?
Authors: Jurkovic Martin , Schiereck Dirk
Published: October 2022

Oftmals wird betont, dass in der Immobilienwirtschaft nationales Wissen von hoher Bedeutung ist und sich auch in Transaktionspreisen niederschlägt. Für eine deutsche Stichprobe mit Daten zu knapp 2400 gewerblichen Immobilientransaktionen von Büroimmobilien in den sieben A‑Lagen werden sowohl Auswirkungen auf Kauf- als auch auf Verkaufspreise analysiert. Unter Verwendung von Propensity Scores wird aufgezeigt, dass internationale Investoren im Vergleich zu ähnlichen Immobilien, die von nationalen Investoren gekauft und verkauft werden, mit einem signifikanten Abschlag von ca. 14,7 % verkaufen, während ein signifikanter Preisaufschlag internationaler Käufer nur dann realisiert wird, wenn auf der Verkäuferseite ein nationaler Investor vertreten ist. Dabei beträgt das gezahlte Premium ca. 13,1 %. Internationale Käufer erzielen damit niedrigere Preise, wenn auf der Verkaufsseite ein nationaler Investor vertreten ist.
Mechanics of lung cancer: A finite element model shows strain amplification during early tumorigenesis
Authors: Zitnay Rebecca G. , Herron Michael R. , Carney Keith R. , Potter Scott , Emerson Lyska L. , Weiss Jeffrey A. , Mendoza Michelle C.
Published: October 2022

Early lung cancer lesions develop within a unique microenvironment that undergoes constant cyclic stretch from respiration. While tumor stiffening is an established driver of tumor progression, the contribution of stress and strain to lung cancer is unknown. We developed tissue scale finite element models of lung tissue to test how early lesions alter respiration-induced strain. We found that an early tumor, represented as alveolar filling, amplified the strain experienced in the adjacent alveolar walls. Tumor stiffening further increased the amplitude of the strain in the adjacent alveolar walls and extended the strain amplification deeper into the normal lung. In contrast, the strain experienced in the tumor proper was less than the applied strain, although regions of amplification appeared at the tumor edge. Measurements of the alveolar wall thickness in clinical and mouse model samples of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) showed wall thickening adjacent to the tumors, consistent with cellular response to strain. Modeling alveolar wall thickening by encircling the tumor with thickened walls moved the strain amplification radially outward, to the next adjacent alveolus. Simulating iterative thickening in response to amplified strain produced tracks of thickened walls. We observed such tracks in early-stage clinical samples. The tracks were populated with invading tumor cells, suggesting that strain amplification in very early lung lesions could guide pro-invasive remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. The simulation results and tumor measurements suggest that cells at the edge of a lung tumor and in surrounding alveolar walls experience increased strain during respiration that could promote tumor progression.
Novel methods for estimating the instantaneous and overall COVID-19 case fatality risk among care home residents in England
Authors: Overton Christopher E. , Webb Luke , Datta Uma , Fursman Mike , Hardstaff Jo , Hiironen Iina , Paranthaman Karthik , Riley Heather , Sedgwick James , Verne Julia , Willner Steve , Pellis Lorenzo , Hall Ian
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had high mortality rates in the elderly and frail worldwide, particularly in care homes. This is driven by the difficulty of isolating care homes from the wider community, the large population sizes within care facilities (relative to typical households), and the age/frailty of the residents. To quantify the mortality risk posed by disease, the case fatality risk (CFR) is an important tool. This quantifies the proportion of cases that result in death. Throughout the pandemic, CFR amongst care home residents in England has been monitored closely. To estimate CFR, we apply both novel and existing methods to data on deaths in care homes, collected by Public Health England and the Care Quality Commission. We compare these different methods, evaluating their relative strengths and weaknesses. Using these methods, we estimate temporal trends in the instantaneous CFR (at both daily and weekly resolutions) and the overall CFR across the whole of England, and dis-aggregated at regional level. We also investigate how the CFR varies based on age and on the type of care required, dis-aggregating by whether care homes include nursing staff and by age of residents. This work has contributed to the summary of measures used for monitoring the UK epidemic.
Intracellular acidification is a hallmark of thymineless death in E. coli
Authors: Ketcham Alexandra , Freddolino Peter L. , Tavazoie Saeed
Published: October 2022

Thymidine starvation causes rapid cell death. This enigmatic process known as thymineless death (TLD) is the underlying killing mechanism of diverse antimicrobial and antineoplastic drugs. Despite decades of investigation, we still lack a mechanistic understanding of the causal sequence of events that culminate in TLD. Here, we used a diverse set of unbiased approaches to systematically determine the genetic and regulatory underpinnings of TLD inEscherichia coli. In addition to discovering novel genes in previously implicated pathways, our studies revealed a critical and previously unknown role for intracellular acidification in TLD. We observed that a decrease in cytoplasmic pH is a robust early event in TLD across different genetic backgrounds. Furthermore, we show that acidification is a causal event in the death process, as chemical and genetic perturbations that increase intracellular pH substantially reduce killing. We also observe a decrease in intracellular pH in response to exposure to the antibiotic gentamicin, suggesting that intracellular acidification may be a common mechanistic step in the bactericidal effects of other antibiotics.
The acceptability of the AMBITION-cm treatment regimen for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: Findings from a qualitative methods study of participants and researchers in Botswana and Uganda
Authors: Lawrence David S. , Ssali Agnes , Moshashane Neo , Nabaggala Georgina , Maphane Lebogang , Harrison Thomas S. , Meya David B. , Jarvis Joseph N. , Seeley Janet
Published: October 2022

Background

The AMBITION-cm trial for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis demonstrated that a single, high-dose of liposomal amphotericin (AmBisome) plus 14-days of oral flucytosine and fluconazole was non-inferior in terms of all-cause mortality to 7-days of amphotericin B deoxycholate and flucytosine followed by 7-days of fluconazole (Control). The AmBisome regimen was associated with fewer adverse events. We explored the acceptability of the AmBisome regimen from the perspective of participants and providers.

Methods

We embedded a qualitative methods study within the AMBITION-cm sites in Botswana and Uganda. We conducted in-depth interviews with trial participants, surrogate decision makers, and researchers and combined these with direct observations. Interviews were transcribed, translated, and analysed thematically.

Results

We interviewed 38 trial participants, 20 surrogate decision makers, and 31 researchers. Participant understanding of the trial was limited; however, there was a preference for the AmBisome regimen due to the single intravenous dose and fewer side effects. More time was required to prepare the single AmBisome dose but this was felt to be acceptable given subsequent reductions in workload. The AmBisome regimen was reported to be associated with fewer episodes of rigors and thrombophlebitis and a reduction in the number of intravenous cannulae required. Less intensive monitoring and management was required for participants in the AmBisome arm.

Conclusions

The AmBisome regimen was highly acceptable, being simpler to administer despite the initial time investment required. The regimen was well tolerated and associated with less toxicity and resultant management. Widespread implementation would reduce the clinical workload of healthcare workers caring for patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis.
Fundamentum Scientiae: Heidegger y el no pensar de la ciencia moderna
Authors: Gilabert Bello Fernando
Published: October 2022

Uno de los aspectos destacados del pensamiento de Martin Heidegger es la crítica a la ciencia. En Heidegger esta crítica parte del supuesto de la falta de base, de soporte que la sostenga, que tiene la ciencia al no contemplar precísamente que haya de tener un fundamento último, sino que se centra únicamente en su propio progreso sin volver la vista atrás hacia aquello que tiene como raíz. Heidegger señala en su obra en repetidas ocasiones que "la ciencia no piensa". Ese no pensar de la ciencia suena en el propio Heidegger como paradójico porque la misma ciencia implica precísamente el ejercicio del pensar, siendo ese el cometido de la actividad científica. Pero a lo que se refiere Heidegger con ese no-pensar de la ciencia es a que ésta ha derivado en una ciencia del ente sin tener en cuenta para nada el ser que la funda. Nuestro propósito en este trabajo entonces será el de esclarecer la crítica a la ciencia que hace Heidegger.
Medicine as a science of design
Authors: Cuevas Badallo Ana , Torres González Obdulia
Published: October 2022

There is a long dispute in the philosophy of medicine between those who consider medicine as an applied science and those who defend that is an art. We defend an alternative: medicine is a science of design. Doing this allows us to introduce prescriptive and evaluative elements that are generally analyzed in a constructivist way, as well as a reconsideration of rationality in terms of bounded rationality and evaluative rationality.
Las implicaciones sociales de la práctica de la ingeniería como espacio para la reflexión filosófica en la formación de los ingenieros
Authors: Cáceres Gómez Santiago , Aleixandre Mendizábal Guillermo , Gómez González Francisco Javier
Published: October 2022

Desde el ámbito filosófico cada vez más autores muestran interés por abordar la reflexión filosófica de la ingeniería. Del lado de la ingeniería, existe una demanda definida por las sociedades profesionales y los organismos de acreditación de las titulaciones de ingeniería de inclusión de las ciencias sociales y humanidades en la formación de los ingenieros que, sin embargo, presenta deficiencias en su implantación. El objetivo del presente trabajo es justificar la inclusión de la reflexión filosófica en la formación de los titulados en ingeniería y, para mejorar la situación actual, presentar una propuesta de asignaturas que muestre cuál pueda ser su espacio. La propuesta consiste en la inclusión de una asignatura específica que relacione la ingeniería y la sociedad, donde la reflexión filosófica juega un papel significativo, como complemento a la inclusión de la reflexión filosófica sobre problemas concretos en asignaturas específicas de corte tecnológico.
THE POWERS OF THE PROSECUTOR IN THE SUPERVISION OF THE BODIES CONDUCTING THE INQUIRY AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION AT THE STAGE OF PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
Authors: Emelyanova D.A. , Sinkin K.A.
Published: October 2022

The article discusses the issues of the prosecutor’s implementation of supervisory functions for thebodies of inquiry at the stage of preliminary investigation. The authors conclude that at the stage of thepreliminary investigation the legislator gave the prosecutor a wide range of supervisory powers over theactivities of the bodies of inquiry. However, some of them require adjustments. For example the power of theprosecutor to give consent to the inquirer to initiate a petition before the court for the election cancellation ormodification of a preventive measure or for the production of another procedural action which is allowed onthe basis of a court decision it is advisable to implement not in relation to the inquirer but in relation to thebodies of inquiry. The availability of the prosecutor’s ability to resolve the recusals declared to the inquirerhis recusals as well as to remove the inquirer from further investigation if he violated the requirements ofthe law is superfluous and subject to transfer to the head of the inquiry unit and the head of the inquirybody. The article also concludes that it is necessary to fix a provision in the Criminal Procedure Code of theRussian Federation according to which written instructions of the prosecutor if they had taken place wouldhave been subject to mandatory inclusion in the materials of the criminal case.
Evaluating the Impact of Introducing Modified Early Warning Score to Identify Deteriorating Patients in the Wards at a Tertiary University Hospital - A before-after Study
Authors: Anusha Arbettu Kamath  , Ashwin Neelavar Udupa  , Anitha Nileshwar
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Modified early warning score (MEWS) is a scoring system being used in hospitals for the identification of patients who may deteriorate into medical emergencies or cardiac arrest. However, the mortality benefit of MEWS hasn’t been established. Also, there is limited data about the experience of MEWS being implemented in low-income countries. Hence, we conducted a before-after prospective observational study to evaluate the impact on ICU mortality post-introduction of the MEWS chart.

METHODS

MEWS before-after study is a single-centre prospective observational study in a tertiary university hospital conducted in the ICU at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal University, India. We trained ward nurses on MEWS and introduced the MEWS chart and compared the change in outcomes from two months prior (i.e. February-March 2018) to the subsequent two months (i.e. April-May 2018). The primary outcome measured was the ICU mortality between the samples. Our secondary outcomes were the length of stay (LOS) and hospital mortality. Student t-test was used to estimate the total sample size and we used the chi-square test for statistical analyses.

RESULTS

We enrolled 161 patients into each group and the patient demographics between groups did not show any statistically significant difference. The ICU mortality data did not show any statistically significant difference before the introduction of MEWS after using the chi-square test with a p-value of 0.33. There was no statistically significant difference in ICU LOS, ICU re-admission rates, hospital LOS, hospital mortality, bed occupancy rates, or incidence of CPR between the two periods.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study did not show a significant difference in the mortality after introduction of MEWS scoring charts to our wards. The introduction of critical care outreach services may improve the outcomes.
Evaluation of Faecal Carriage of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae among Patients Admitted in an Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Naina Nehra  , Antariksh Deep  , Dhruva Chaudhry  , Akanksha Sharma
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Association of man with the microbial world have found to be co-existed since old ages. Out of these microbial agents, some bacteria which provide a symbiotic balance, leading to a protective and stabilizing effect on the body, are known as resident microbes. On the other hand, some bacteria which invade and grow in man’s tissues causing diseases, damages and sometimes death, are known as pathogenic bacteria. This study was performed to evaluate the carbapenem resistance pattern among the patients admitted to an ICU in the Accident and Emergency departments.

METHODS

Rectal/ perianal swabs were taken from patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the accident and emergency department. Swabs were collected first on the day of admission, then on day 4, and thereafter weekly while they were admitted in the ICU to monitor the resistance pattern among ICU patients.

RESULTS

A total of 100 rectal/ perianal swabs were collected from 89 patients on different days of admission to the ICU. Out of these 89 patients, CRE, i.e. E. coli or Klebsiella species were obtained from 35 patients. Now from these 35 patients, the samples were collected on day 1, day 4, and day 7 of admission. Then, out of these 35 patients, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli isolates were recovered from 35 (39.3%) patients i.e. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from fifteen patients and carbapenem-resistant E. coli isolates from twenty patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Carbapenems were earlier considered as the last-resort antibiotics for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. But, due to non-judicious use of carbapenems in clinical settings, the emergence of carbapenem-resistant organisms has become a big threat of concern to human health.
Knowledge about Pesticides Use and Consumption of Fruit and Legumes in Growers and Consumers in the Province of Nador, Morocco. Results from a Survey Study.
Authors: Aberkani Kamal , Zahra Briache Fatima , Ghazal Hassan , Ed-dine Samri Salah
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Pesticides are increasingly used in agriculture to protect crops against diseases, insect pests, weeds, etc. Pesticides leave residues and chemical active material, which can affect the health of consumers. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated a link between pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables and disease infestations in humans and problems related to sterility, allergies, and even carcinogenic diseases. Consumer awareness and the application of strict legislation about the application of pesticides in agriculture remain as a good alternative to face this issue.
Methods: This survey was carried out in the region of Nador, North-East of Morocco. It is a quantitative study of a representative sample made up of 100 consumers and 50 farmers in relation to fruit and vegetables and the use of pesticides.
Results: Most consumers are not aware of the danger of pesticides and residues in fruits and vegetables. In addition, the survey revealed that potato, tomato, apples, and bananas are the most consumed. These foods are usually characterized by a high rate of application of pesticides and with a higher rate of pesticides residues. In addition, surveys carried out in farmers, revealed that they consider the economic and agronomic interest of the application of these pesticides without considering the residual effects on health. Moreover, a high rate of sterility was observed among these surveyed farmers (31%).
Conclusions: The consumers are less aware of the danger of pesticides. The choices of farmers are only accentuated on the aspect of economic use of these products and not on the health and environment.
Ocorrência de endoparasitas gastrointestinais em cães da associação protetora animal e ambiental da cidade de Patos de Minas, MG, Brasil
Authors: CESAR MASTRANTONIO ENEIDA , MODESTO TALITA CRISTINA , ALVES PEREIRA DOUGLAS
Published: October 2022

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a ocorrência de endoparasitos gastrointestinais em cães da Associação Protetora Animal e Ambiental de Patos de Minas (ASPAA), na cidade de Patos de Minas, MG. Foram avaliados 100 cães abrigados no período de abril de 2017 a fevereiro de 2018. Uma amostra de fezes frescas de cada animal foi coletada e submetida as técnicas de Hoffman, Pons e Janer (1934) e Willis e Mollay (1921). Os principais ovos de helmintos encontrados foram Ancylostoma sp. e Toxocara canis, e o protozoário da classe coccídea Isospora canis. A infecção causada por Toxocara canis e Ancylostoma sp. foi predominante, enfatizando uma ameaça para a saúde pública, considerando a estreita proximidade entre o homem e o cão e o potencial zoonótico dos principais gêneros encontrados nesse estudo.
IN VITRO STUDY OF Vitex gardneriana SCHAUER TOXICITY ON Artemia salina AND ITS EFFECT ON EGGS AND LARVAE OF Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Guedes Rodrigues Onaldo , Do Carmo de Medeiros Maria , Raquel Carneiro Ribeiro Ana , Duarte de Andrade Fabio , Leite Siva Danielle , Célia Rodrigues Athayde Ana
Published: October 2022

This research aimedto investigate the toxic action of Vitexgardneriana on microcrustacean Artemiasalina by using hydroalcoholic extract fromleaves (EHF) and acute toxicity test (CL50)concentrations of 100, 500, 1.000, 10.000,20.000, and 50.000/mL. Sodium hypochlorite(NaClO) at 1% was used as positive control,and saline and 1% DMSO were used asnegative control. Vitex gardneriana showedlow toxic potential, with 50% mortality inthe microcrustacean metanauplii population(concentration: 34.600 mg/mL). A. salina isa seawater microcrustacean widely used inbioassays for determining the toxic dose ofbioactive substances because of its low costsand its related simple, aseptic procedures. Todetermine the toxic action of the hydroalcoholicextract of V. Gardneriana on eggs and larvaeof Haemonchus contortus, 2,5mL of EHF witha concentration of 34,600 mg/mL were addedinto single-species nematode fecal culturescontaining approximately 12.000 eggs. Only26,6% of the eggs hatched, correspondingto an EHF efÀ ciency of 73,3%, whereas thehatchability was 50% in control, with 6.000larvae recovered. The À ndings show thepotential of this plant as an alternative inparasite control.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CAT’S ROLE IN THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF RABIES
Authors: Gila Lana , Neves Julio , Da Hora Aline
Published: October 2022

Rabies is a fatal zoonosis of world importance that in many aspects is still neglected. Due to national vaccination campaigns for dogs and cats, there has been a drastic reduction in the number of cases of human rabies transmitted by dogs. However, due to species peculiarities, the cat can act as an important link in the epidemiological chain of rabies. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate Brazilian data on canine and feline rabies surveillance to determine the importance of the cat in the current context of rabies epidemiology. In Brazil, recent cases of human rabies transmitted by cats have been reported, showing the importance of this species in the epidemiological chain of the disease.