bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patentrecht und landwirtschaftliche Tierzucht: Grundlagen, Problembereiche, Handlungsempfehlungen. Gemeinsame Stellungnahme des Forschungsprojekts „Biopatente in der Tierzucht” und des Friedrich-Loeffler-Instituts für Nutztiergenetik
Authors: Feindt Peter , Fricke Claudia , Dempfle Leo , Führ Martin , Rath Detlef , Baulein Ulrich
Published: August 2022

The basic idea of patent law is the granting of a temporary monopoly in exchange for the disclosure of new knowledge. In the area of animal breeding and production, however, technical inventions interact with biological processes to create new products and methods. Patent law hence contains a number of specific provisions for agricultural plant and animal production; these are, however, only partially effective due to critical definitions lacking or being unclear. As a result, patent law does not exert the expected incentives for but often even barriers to innovation. On the one hand socially desirable long-term breeding programmes cannot be sufficiently protected. On the other hand there are incentives to use patents and patent applications to firm up market power. As a result, five problem areas have emerged: 1.) ethical objections against the granting of patents on plants, animals and traditional breeding methods, 2.) the granting of invalid patents; 3.) ambivalence when the categories from patent law are applied to animal breeding and production; 4.) asymmetries in the patent procedures and 5.) reinforced large-scale monopolisation in agriculture and negative impacts on the innovation process. To address these problems a number of measures are recommended: 1.) to introduce the concept of ‘registered lines’ as a specific form of protection for animal breeders; 2.) various measures to ensure that applications for biological patents are decided adequately and timely; 3.) conceptual clarification of the concept of ‘animal variety’ in patent law; 4.) a more adequate definition of biological processes which are excluded from patentability; 5.) an effective breeder’s and farmer’s exemption; 6.) international harmonisation of the law; and 7.) support for financially challenged parties in patent proceedings in order to ensure that the patent system is equally accessible to all those affected.
Analysis of the Relationship between Financial Performance and Stock Prices in Food and Beverage Sub-Sector Companies Listed on the IDX
Authors:   Faculty of Economic and Business, Warmadewa University, Denpasar-Bali, Indonesia, Idawati Ida Ayu Agung
Published: August 2022

A company must face competition in carrying out its business activities. Companies need to make improvements to maintain the sustainability of their business. To fulfill this, capital is one that plays an important role. One way to get capital for companies is to enter the capital market. The capital market is a market for sharing long-term financial instruments that can be traded, either in the form of shares or other instruments. When entering the capital market, companies have an obligation to report their financial performance. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of financial performance as measured by the Current ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Net Profit Margin and Earning per Share on the Stock Price. This research was conducted in food and beverage sub-sector companies listed on the IDX. Purposive sampling method was used in determining the sample and obtained 18 companies that meet the criteria to be sampled. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis technique. The results of this study indicate that the variables Current ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Net Profit Margin do not have a positive and significant effect on stock prices. Earnings per share only has a positive and significant effect on stock prices and is the most dominant variable in influencing stock prices in food and beverage sub-sector companies listed on the IDX in 2017-2021.
Labyrinthine Geriatric Informal Caregiving Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Pangasinan State University, Philippines
Published: August 2022

The situation of geriatric caregiving may seem easy in the eyes of many if the carers are regularly compensated. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of geriatric informal caregivers through the phenomenological approach to qualitative research. Typically, tasks in the household, at school or in the workplace are complicated by the simultaneous participation and involvement as a student or as a government employee. Thematic analysis of the transcripts showed that investing on priorities determine which tasks have to be accomplished first, and which comes next. All of the participants described the support extended by their family members, classmates/workmates, and the community people as both material and non-material which include emotional and moral support in the form of prayers, sympathy, and words of inspiration and motivation. Material support is through food, goods, medicine, and money. These efforts are vital contributions to them by providing constant assurance of support on finances, spiritual guidance, positive emotional upliftment, and errands-made-easier assistance.
Challenges and Coping Strategies of Novice Teachers in Modular Distance Learning Modality
Authors:   DepEd SDO1 Pangasinan
Published: August 2022

The study was conducted to determine the challenges and coping strategies of novice teachers in modular distance learning modality in Urbiztondo, Pangasinan. The qualitative research design particularly the phenomenological research design was used in this study. The respondents of the study were ten (10) novice teachers from Urbiztondo who were chosen purposively based on their length of service in public school specifically those with 1 to 3 years of teaching experience. The analysis used three stages in the form of data reduction, data presentation, and data conclusion. The study revealed that novice teachers’ challenges in modular distance learning modality are lack of printing materials, and supplies, time consuming, power interruption, parents not getting the modules, schedule not being followed, late submission, unanswered/unfinished modules, and unidentified answer sheets, dirty, damaged modules with torn and missing pages, academic dishonesty and difficulty validating learners’ performance. Moreover, proper time management, staying positive and asking advice or guidance from a mentor are the strategies employed by novice teachers in order to cope up with the challenges in modular distance learning modality. In addition being flexible and knowing how to adapt to changes help them cope up with the challenges encountered.
There Goes My Life: Prevalence of Early Pregnancy to Gen Z Students
Authors:   DepEd Tarlac Province
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of early pregnancy to gen z students using an interview as the main instrument. The findings of the study revealed that the number one factor that influenced the prevalence of early pregnancy to Gen Z students was family. Peer Pressure was the second factor, and the last factor was spiritual engagement. The employed style of Gen Z students along with social were chatting with siblings and other important people which helped them cope more easily with the situation. While the psychological aspect was self-talk this was a very effective coping strategy for Generation Z students. They used this to effectively compose themselves and tell themselves to be firm in difficult situations. They learned to dream and took on parental responsibilities for their children. They were also pursuing their studies for the sake of their children's future. Reading Wattpad, watching K-dramas, playing cellphone games, and using Facebook are some of their coping mechanisms. With the employed style of Gen Z students along with a spiritual aspect, Gen Z mothers’ spiritual beliefs became stronger. They also read inspirational books as a way of coping.
Anti-Diabetic Potential of Gymnema Sylvestre: In Vitro and in Silico Analysis
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Nigerian Defence Academy, P.M.B. 2109, Kaduna State, Nigeria., Abdullahi Zaharaddeen
Published: August 2022

Gymnema sylvestre (GS) is a powerful antidiabetic plant that has been utilized in ayurvedic, folk and homeopathic medicine for centuries. In this research, we evaluated the antidiabetic potential of methanolic leaf extract of Gymnema sylvestre. Fractionation was carried out using column chromatography and a total of twenty-eight (28) sub-fractions were obtained which were further screened and pooled into three (3) fractions (A, B and C) by thin layer chromatography based on their retention factor (Rf) values. The fractions were subjected to in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activity. Some of the compounds identified from LC-MS were subjected to in silico analysis between all the ligands and the receptors with the aid of a docking software. Ligands were imported for visual screening into PyRx software while Biovia Discovery Studio Visualizer was used for protein preparation. Analysis of the properties of drug likeliness of the ligands was done via SwissADME online server according to Lipinski’s Rule of Five. Final docking analysis was done through AutoDockVina and Biovia Discovery Studio client 2020. Fraction C showed the best IC50 of 0.84µg/ml α-glucosidase inhibitory activity when compared with fraction A and B, 2.00µg/ml and 1.58µg/ml (α-glucosidase), fraction A produced the best α-amylase activity among the fractions with IC50 of 16.78µg/ml, fraction B with 23.17µg/ml and fraction C with 28.22µg/ml. Molecular docking analysis of the ligands Orcinol (-5.5 kcal/mol) showed strong binding interaction with α-amylase, followed by 3-hydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone and Curcumin (-7.1 kcal/mol and -7.6 kcal/mol respectively) compared to acarbose (-8.0 kcal/mol) and Glyinflanin A (-8.4 kcal/mol) interactions. The binding affinity of Orcinol, 3-hydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone, Curcumin and Glyinflanin A (-5.7 kcal/mol, -8.0 kcal/mol, -7.6 kcal/mol and -9.1 kcal/mol respectively) were lower compared to acarbose (-9.7 kcal/mol) interaction with α-glucosidase. Thus, compounds identified from Gymnema sylvestre were found to have antidiabetic potentials with Orcinol displaying the most effective binding affinity in potential for drug development.
Overview of research on the digital economy: some typical studies in Vietnam
Authors:   Hanoi National University
Published: August 2022

The digital economy has become the top concern of economic scientists around the world when there are global upheavals and crises that change the nature of many economic structures and forms of economic operation. In Vietnam, the digital economy is not only formed by the practical needs of the general global context but also reflected in the government's policies or action plans. In general, the digital economy is an inevitable and growing trend and is gradually being institutionalized in the state's policy system. However, there is a need for more in-depth studies on each aspect or large-scale research programs on the digital economy in Vietnam with both positive and negative aspects now and in the future.
Disability and Christian Theology in Colonial India
Authors:   Independent Researcher
Published: August 2022

It was not the state but the missionaries that first gave special attention to the disabled in Colonial India. In other words, the conceptualization of awareness about special care and education for the disabled in India started with the Christian theological idea of disability and with the idea of charity. Christian missionaries established special education institutions in India with funding from overseas charitable societies. Through the preaching of Christianity in these schools, missionaries constructed the idea of ‘divinity of brokenness’ for the disabled in India. They preached about the divinity of suffering and used education as a tool to integrate the disabled into Christianity. The missionaries primarily used basic interpretations of the Bible to create an awareness of the care needs for the disabled among the local populations. They tried to spread the Christian ideology that everything under God’s patronage was a created image of God and that everyone held a high value. Most importantly, they maintained that all believers were created by God, and each has a mission to fulfil based on his/her destiny. For every evangelization, the missionaries quoted the Bible for more support and interpretation. The rooted dogma of having a life for a purpose was spread across the country to advocate the significance of the disabled in society. The missionaries indoctrinated the idea that ‘in a healthy church, everybody belongs.’ Christianity was appealed as a religion of ‘inclusion’ and this continuous mission work among the disabled population increased the popularity of Christianity in India.
Good Corporate Governance Model on Corporate Financial Performance in the Era of the Digital Revolution on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors:   Universitas Battuta, Medan
Published: August 2022

The weakness of good corporate governance in Indonesia is still weak. One of the important roles of implementing good corporate governance in supporting sustainable economic growth and stability is to improve financial performance in the current era of the digital revolution. Good management will cause the supervisory process to run well so that the company's financial performance can be monitored and have an impact on the planned targets being achieved. The achievement of the company's target makes financial performance increase so that it has an impact on increasing the value of the company and maintaining the company's sustainability in the long term. This study aims to identify and overcome obstacles that can hinder the company's ability to generate profits and improve the desired company's financial performance. The method of analysis in this study uses multiple linear regression. On the other hand, the research also uses other tests, namely descriptive statistical tests and hypothesis testing. The results of the study indicate that good corporate governance simultaneously has a significant effect on financial performance with a value of 16,246. The author advises companies to pay attention to the existence of good corporate governance which is not just meeting the requirements of legislation, if good corporate governance is improved, there will be an increase in costs to be incurred by the company.
The Impact of Organizational Culture, Motivation, Transfomasioanal Leadershipon Village Performance Thru Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) inTrawas District, Mojokerto Regency
Authors:   Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya
Published: August 2022

This have a look at aims to measure the effect of organizational culture, motivation, transformational leadership, performance of village officials through organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in Trawas District, Mojokerto Regency. The sample used in this study was 100 village officials from Trawas District, Mojokerto Regency. In this study, the analysis was carried out using methods of quantitative descriptive analysis, The data for this survey was obtained from a questionnaire filled out by the determined respondents. The analytical tool used to perform the analysis is partial least squares (PLS), an SEM (Structural Equation Model) that uses SmartPLS 3.0 software on a variant basis. Organizational tradition does not have a significant impact on village officials'performance, organizational culture has a significant impact on OCB, motivation has a significant impact on village officials' performance, motivation has no significant impact on OCBs, transforms Maternal Leadership has a significant impact on the performance of village officials, transformative leadership has a significant impact on the OCB, and the OCB has a significant impact on the performance of village officials.
Analysis of The Influence of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation On Nurse Job Satisfaction At Rsu Royal Prima Medan In 2022
Authors:   Master of Management / University Prima, Indonesia
Published: August 2022

Paramedics, especially nurses, are the most dominant workforce in carrying out tasks in the management of hospital organizations. Therefore, it is very necessary to pay attention to the level of satisfaction and comfort of the nurses in working, in order to be able to do their work optimally. This study aims to analyze the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on nurse job satisfaction. This type of research is quantitative non-experimental with a descriptive approach (cross-sectional survey) and associative analysis. The research was conducted at RSU Royal Prima Medan, in March 2022. The population is 377 people, the technique of determining the number of samples using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the approach used is purposive sampling, a criterion for the inclusion of nurses who want to be respondents. Data analysis uses univariate, bivariate (Chi-Square), and Multivariate (Multiple Linear Regression). The results of the partial analysis, the variables of Award (X1), Achievement (X2), Supervision (X3), Responsibility (X4), have an influence on the variable of job satisfaction with a p-value < 0.05. While the variables of Wages (X5), Work Environment (X6), Status (X7), with a p-value of > 0.05, have no influence on the variable of job satisfaction of implementing nurses at Royal Prima Hospital Medan. The results of the multivariate analysis, that from independent variables, namely Awards, Achievements, Supervision, Responsibilities, which are suspected to affect job satisfaction, the most influential is the responsibility variable with a p-value of 0.002 < 0.05. The OR value obtained is 8,522, meaning a high sense of responsibility, has an 8,522 times chance of affecting the level of job satisfaction of nurses at Royal Prima Hospital Medan.
Brand Innovation Strategies and Customer Retention of Soft Drink Firms in South-East Nigeria
Authors:   University of Nigeria Business School, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria.
Published: August 2022

This study examined brand innovation strategies and customer retention of soft drink firms in South-East Nigeria. The study adopted the correlational research design. The population of the study consisted of all the soft drink firms in South-East Nigeria. The unit of analysis was made up of managers of the three (3) soft drink firms in South-East Nigeria. Eighteen (18) managers per firm who fall under the categories of branch managers, operations managers, production managers, marketing managers and sales managers were identified in the three (3) soft drink firms in South-East Nigeria and they formed the sampling frame of the study. The census sampling technique was adopted in this study where all the 18 managers of the above categories were used as the sample for the study. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from the respondents. The data collected were analyzed statistically while the hypotheses were tested using Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient (rho). The SPSS version 23.0 was used to perform the correlation analysis. The findings revealed that soft drink firms in South-East Nigeria adopt incremental and radical innovation as a way of keeping their brand competitive and enticing to their customers. The study revealed that incremental innovation is a strong and significant predictor of repeat patronage and customer referral. Based on these findings, it was concluded that brand innovation strategies (incremental and radical innovation) and customer retention of soft drink firms in South-East Nigeria. Based on the findings and conclusion, it was recommended that soft drink firms in South-East Nigeria especially those that are experiencing high level of customer defection should adopt brand innovation strategies as it would help to retain their existing customers.
Is it Always Desirable and Useful for Third Parties to Disproportionately Increase Disclosure Outside The Company?
Authors:   Full Professor in Business Administration Management Department- Ca’Foscari Venezia, ORCID ID: 0000-0003-11164-4410
Published: August 2022

The provision of information to outsiders has had a slow but steady increase in recent decades. At the beginning of the 1900s, a right to information for third parties outside the company and shareholders was not recognised. In the decades that followed, a right to information for third parties was identified in all countries, albeit at different times, and financial reporting was structured in such a way as to ensure complete and comprehensive information for third parties outside the company. Particularly in the last twenty years, the issue of disclosure outside the company also includes a communication concerning sustainability. What is noticeable, however, is that while financial reporting has increased but does not appear to be oversized concerning the needs of those outside the company, sustainability reporting has increased. A constant that leads to the drafting of oversized documents compared to the potential that companies can express and, probably, also compared to the information needs of third parties. Currently, a new European regulation has been passed, which will not change the directive itself comma and standards have been issued by EFRAG, which are under discussion but will come into force in the concise term. The information concerning the sustainability report comma no longer called non-financial information is expected to be increased, which appears to be decidedly oversized from every point of view. Companies will have to bear considerable costs to draw up such a document. Third parties will be overwhelmed by oversized information compared to the community's real needs concerning the sustainability implemented by the various companies. Overinforming is the main rule for not informing, and this seems to be the path that bodies intended to issue sustainability documents want to take. Such bodies, of course, take this path in good faith in the belief that by informing a lot of third parties will be more aware of the activities of companies. But in the face of documents of hundreds of pages, the writer is convinced that legitimate doubt may arise on this principle.
Husbandry practices adopted in ex situ management of Callithrix spp.: a systematic review
Authors:   , Mascarenhas Isabela Normando
Published: August 2022

The Callithrix genus involves six species of marmosets widely distributed in ex situ management that aims to improve their use in biological research (mostly C. jacchus) as well as the success of endangered species in conservation programs (C. aurita and C. flaviceps). However, adaptation to captivity involves several conditions that cause stress to primates, which can cause physiological, behavioral, and clinical damages. Therefore, this systematic review aims to gather and highlight techniques that favor Callithrix spp. welfare and good performance through an structured search on Web of Science, Scopus and Pubmed data bases. This study was performed in accordance to the PRISMA guidelines. Twenty-seven studies were selected and allowed to correlate husbandry practices with behavior, physiological parameters and reproduction in Callithrix spp. in ex situ management. Studies that did not involve Callithrix sp. were excluded and publications of veterinary care, analysis of vocalization, associated treatments, and ecology were not considered. The ARRIVE Guidelines were used to assess the quality of the studies included, which demonstrated good scientific evidence. In general, reproduction potential in Callithrix spp. colonies were associated with group formation; social bond implied directly in cortisol levels and the expression of natural behaviors. Captive marmosets’ welfare was enhanced by the adoption of specific husbandry practices, such as housing and feeding strategies, environmental enrichment and proper human-animal interaction. Together, these actions enables the expression of natural behaviors of the species. Marmosets were kept in ex-situ management for different purpose: in laboratories where they are used as an experimental model, in zoos or in conservation centers. The difference between the institution’s context influences the applicability of different husbandry practices. However, animal welfare has been a concern regardless the purpose for which they are kept. Thus, the high scientific evidence of the studies that supported this systematic review, allows the main findings of this research to be used by decision makers in the field of Callithrix husbandries.Keywords: Callithrix. Husbandry practices. Ex situ management.
Citogenética clássica e molecular em formigas do gênero Crematogaster Lund 1831 (Formicidae: Hymenoptera) com sondas específicas e de DNA repetitivo
Authors:   , Silveira Linda Inês
Published: August 2022

As formigas do gênero Crematogaster são amplamente distribuídas, mas atingem sua maior diversidade e abundância em regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Esse gênero representa um grupo monofilético, facilmente reconhecível devido a configuração apomórfica do pós-pecíolo e gáster e é o terceiro maior gênero de formigas, com 773 espécies válidas. Crematogaster apresenta alta variabilidade morfológica intraespecífica, o que exige um grande esforço para a identificação das espécies. Citogeneticamente, há dados para 18 morfoespécies de Crematogaster com variação cromossômica de 2n= 24-58. Estudos citogenéticos direcionados ao rDNA e as sequências microssatélites têm auxiliado na compreensão da evolução cromossômica, resolução taxonômica e filogenética em Formicidae. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve por objetivo mapear a configuração de regiões específicas de DNA no genoma de espécies de formigas Crematogaster, buscando padrões e insights que indiquem mecanismos recorrentes de rearranjos cromossômicos entre as espécies desse gênero. Foram aplicadas nos cromossomos metafásicos de cinco espécies desse gênero a técnica convencional para análise cromossômica (Giemsa), FISH para mapeamento de rDNA 18S e investigação de padrões de marcação de microssatélites. Das colonias analisadas, duas pertencem à C. erecta (2n=22) (denominada aqui de citótipo I e II). Foram analisadas também Crematogaster aff. erecta (2n=28), C. tenuicula (2n=38), C. limata (2n=38) e Crematogaster sp.1 (2n=38). Todas as espécies analisadas apresentaram um par cromossômico portador rDNA 18S na região intracromossômica. Foi observado heteromorfismo de tamanho de NOR em C. erecta citótipo I. C. tenuicula apresentou blocos AT-positivos. O padrão disperso do microssatélite (GA) 15 nos dois braços cromossômicos de Crematogaster sugere que a configuração cariotípica do gênero deve-se a rearranjos cromossômicos do tipo fissões cêntricas seguidas por inversões. Os telômeros das espécies de Crematogaster se mostraram ricos com a sequência (TTAGG) 6 em ambas as extremidades, o padrão observado em Formicidae. A sequência (TCAGG) 6 foi observada nos telômeros de duas espécies de Crematogaster estudadas e são inéditos em Formicidae. A sequência (TCAGG) 6 foi observada em região centromérica na espécie C. erecta citótipo I, o que sugere que fusões podem estar envolvidas na evolução do gênero. Embora as duas colônias de C. erecta sejam morfologicamente indistinguíveis, elas apresentam variações citogenéticas na morfologia dos cromossomos e padrões de NOR e microssatélites, sugerindo a possibilidade da existência de potenciais espécies crípticas na região estudada. Os dados citogenéticos moleculares do presente estudo são inéditos em Crematogaster e mostram claramente o seu potencial na contribuição de futuras discussões relacionadas à evolução cromossômica desse gênero de formigas. Palavras-chave: Formicidae. Microssatélites. rDNA. Amazônia.
Evaluation of the Effects of the Ramadan and the Seasons on Peptic Ulcer Perforations
Authors: TAŞKIN Ali Kemal , ÖZÇETİN Bülent
Published: August 2022

Amaç: Peptik ülser perforasyonu en önemli cerrahi acillerden birisidir. Bu çalışmada ramazan ayının ve mevsimlerin peptik ülser perforasyonları üzerine olan muhtemel etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kliniğimizde peptik ülser perforasyonu nedeniyle opere edilen hastalar retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastalara ait demografik ve klinik veriler, operasyon tarihi, uygulanan ameliyat tekniği ve post-operatif takip verileri kaydedildi. Ayrıca, vakaların ramazan ayında görülme sıklığı ve kliniği de kaydedildi. Elde edilen veriler ile vakaların mevsimsel ve aylık karşılaştırması yapıldı.Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 72 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların 14 (%19)’ü kadın, 58 (%81)’ i erkek idi. Kadın hastaların yaş ortalaması 64±23, erkek hastaların ise 44±17 idi ( p <0,001). Hastaların 8 (%11)’nin ramazan ayında, 64 (%89)’ünün ramazan ayı dışında opere olduğu saptandı. Ramazan ayı ile diğer aylar arasında ameliyat sayısı açısından anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmadı (p >0,05). Olguların kış, ilkbahar, yaz ve sonbahar mevsiminde görülme sıklıkları sırası ile 12 (%16,7), 21 (%29,2), 23 (%31,9) ve 16 (%22,2) idi. Mevsimlere göre vaka sıklığı açısından anlamlı bir farklılık yoktu (p >0,05).Sonuç: Ramazan ayının ve mevsimsel farklılıkların peptik ülser perforasyonlarının sıklığı ve klinik prognozu üzerine olumsuz bir risk faktörü teşkil etmediği saptanmıştır.
Problems in the implementation of the APTTA Agreement and Recommendations for its Future
Authors: Stanikzai Amin
Published: August 2022

In this research article, you will read that both parties of the agreement, Afghanistan and Pakistan, believe that good relations between the two countries can be a means of resolving many issues, including trade and transit. Afghan businessmen, government officials and general people as well as the Pakistanis hope that good relations with each other will resolve the problems of Afghan and Pakistani businessmen and will benefit people of both countries. Trade and transit problems can be solved by strengthening the bilateral relations. The problems of implementation of the APTTA Agreement are resolvable and there will be no grievances if both parties show commitment and mutual respect. Both parties accept the availability of the problems; however, each party is keen in resolving these issues on its own advantages, which complicates the implementation of the APTTA agreement. In this research article, we have tried to dig out relevant issues of Afghan and Pakistan transit and trade in accordance to the agreed terms of the APTTA agreement, concord with the regional conditions to find out the problems of Afghan and Pakistani traders and to re-sign the agreement keeping in view the suggestions from both parties with strong will so that the mentioned agreement brings prosperity and welfare to the people of the region as a whole, particularly of South and Central Asia. Both Afghan and Pakistani hope to include other countries in the agreement in the future. Afghanistan has demanded the inclusion of India and Pakistan has demanded the inclusion of Central Asian countries, especially Tajikistan. To understand the terms, used in this article, are explained in detail under a separate heading in the coming pages.
The consequences of illicit drug use. Estimation, methods and challenges
Authors: Frusinoiu Paula Ștefania , Bănacu Cristian Silviu
Published: August 2022

Recognised as a contributor to the global burden of disease, drug use has been a source of continuous concern among practitioners and policy makers and a field for methodological debate among researchers. The consequences of substance use have always challenged the healthcare, social care, law enforcement and the legal system. This paper explores several methods used in estimating the costs and impact attributable to the use of illicit drugs with the aim of getting a broad understanding of the current research and the use thereof by practitioners and policy. The desk review behind this paper includes government reports, analyses and publications of relevant bodies, research done by various authors and organisations, academic investigations  and findings from literature review. The case study includes an estimation of the burden of overdose deaths measured in years of life lost (YLL) and explores possible shortcomings that represent a challenge for research.
Improving Youth Unemployment Issues and Further Development of Youth Policies in the European Union member states
Authors: Pkhakadze Tamar
Published: August 2022

Young people are the most important part of the country's labour resources and a strategic resource for socio-economic development. Employment of young people requires special assistance and support. They are distinguished from other socio-demographic groups of the population by their health, level of education, vocational training, mobility, high demands on work, etc. It is necessary to establish mechanisms and set goals through ministries, local governments, youth organizations, the private sector, civil society and international organizations to improve the various problems or challenges facing young people. Solving the employment problems of young people requires a special approach because it is the youth who are the most active part of society, which reacts strongly to social injustice. This chapter will summarize all the issues mentioned in the previous chapter and offer possible solutions for improving the youth unemployment problem.
The Chronicle of Digital (Media) Arts in Contemporary Indonesia: The Shifting of Focus Toward Society 5.0
Authors: Kristiyono Jokhanan , Ida Rachmah , Ida Bagus Wirawan , Mayastuti Mayastuti
Published: August 2022

This article describes the advances in the genealogy of digital media art in Indonesia. The evolution of digital art or works of digital art is inseparable from the growth of the art itself. This article chronologically describes the development of art in Indonesia, from the starting point of the advancement of art in the Dutch colonial era to digital art. The method used in this study is a digital meta-analysis with an exploratory qualitative approach-data collection technology by observing digital metadata to develop media and participatory art in the Indonesian art community. The result is technology-based art (digital art). This article is the essential concept and idea of today's digital artists, with works of art not just produced in the platform or digital format. Creating a work of art using the concept of digital thinking as a form of artistic appreciation is the basis for making a digital work of art. Digital media art is the foundation of thinking, thinking, and interaction. This modern society is shifting toward society 5.0. In conclusion, the development of the Indonesian digital art community resulted in an extraordinary digital revolution in Indonesia. By placing 'digital' and 'revolution' into a critical perspective. The digital artist community continues to produce technology-based artworks to communicate their work to the public by holding art exhibitions for Indonesian artists as a collective social movement with digital platforms.
Assessing the evolution of the Aleppo Pine plantations by using field measurements and one-way Analysis of variance
Authors: Khaouani Boumediene , Hirche Azziz , Bourfa Said , Berrabeh Djamaledine , Hadbaoui Ilyes , Youb Okkacha , Derdour Abdessamed
Published: August 2022

Moudjbara area considered a gateway to Algeria's Great Sahara, was the first perimeter to be afforested with Aleppo pine in 1972 as part of a green dam initiative to combat desertification and preserve soil from wind erosion. This study examines the evolution of the species Pinus Halepensis Mill commonly known as the Aleppo pine in the Moudjbara plantations by comparing it to that of the natural forest of the Djellal Mountains in the Chergui region. Several field surveys were conducted, and four sites were selected in the natural forest and four sites in the Moudjbara afforestation. In each site, we performed 50 dendrometric measurements with 200 tree stakes. The selection is based on information on regeneration and plant quality. Stations are classified into four categories namely station of good regeneration, station slightly well regenerated, station moderately regenerated, and station of weak regeneration, which allow us to have primary reference data and to make a reliable assessment of the behavior of Aleppo pine in the Green Dam. The attribute ranking obtained from the ANOVA approximation provides us with crucial information of comparison between the natural forest and the reforestation zone. The results obtained can be used to adjust the planting density, rigorously choose the species, and adapt the soil preparation and planting techniques.
Comparative analysis on: Metacognition and Mindfulness in twins with Attachment and children with ASD through I.C.T.
Authors: Sideraki Angeliki , Drigas Athanasios
Published: August 2022

The following study examines the neuroscience of attachment and the role of mindfulness and metacognition. First, the importance of mindfulness is discussed, which is strongly found in people with attachment, particularly in twins. Next, mindfulness in people with autism is examined.  More specifically, the purpose of the research is to draw conclusions about the emotional intelligence that individuals with ASD develop and the levels of mindfulness and metacognition that they are able to achieve. In the course of the study, reference is made to the factors that influence their emotional development such as stress and vortices, where its role seems to be different compared to typically developing individuals because individuals with autism follow a different developmental and cognitive trajectory. Then, topic is made to the essential role of AI( artificial intelligence), which seems  contribute positively to the cognitive and emotional development of children with autism as various important technologies are used, such as specially constructed and functional robots, which contribute to both the treatment and diagnosis of autism. From the present study, it was found that all the above methods contribute to improve the cognitive level of individuals with autistic disorder and to raise them to the levels of metacognition pyramid and knowledge-cognition pyramid. Finally, the role of ICT and AI is particularly helpful in achieving this ascent
Nationalization and Foreign Direct Investment in Venezuela in the Era of President Nicolas Maduro Ramos
Authors: Miavania S. , Arie Kusuma Paksi
Published: August 2022

Venezuela has been famous of its petroleum source, and is right to be claimed for 90% of the country’s economy income since decades. Thus, Venezuela under President Chavez lead its economy through Petroleum and is seen to nationalize the economy policy. After switching from Chavez to Maduro, Venezuela is experiencing a multidimensional crisis rooted in political instability which then threatens every point of the country’s sovereignty. The fact that Nicolas Maduro is following in the footsteps of Chavez, who is anti-imperialist, has made Venezuela the target of sharp criticism from the world, especially the United States and its allies. Venezuela in fact, with its oil resources, ultimately does not want to be driven by the US or western imperialism.

This paper focuses on explaining how the nationalization policy in the Nicolas Maduro era affected the country’s FDI. This case is written by using qualitative method that collect data from article, journal, dissertation, website and any other library resources. This paper is analyzed using the concept of nationalization to build a perspective. The results of this study indicate that political tensions have caused divisions and multidimensional crises in Venezuela. During the government of Nicolas Maduro, along with the policy of nationalization of foreign companies being continuously implemented, FDI inflows were also almost non-existent. Maduro refuses any foreign aid from the West. FDI is only received from socialist countries, in this case, China.
In Search of Consistency in International Law on the Right to Self-Determination, Non-Interference, and Territorial Integrity
Authors: Okeke Charles
Published: August 2022

The right to self-determination and its complexity in relation to non-intervention and territorial integrity continue to be the subject of numerous academic inquiries. Governments have recently encountered public demands for this right, and the people occasionally experience repression to stifle their voices. International groups that monitor and record abuses of various human rights have sparked interventions because to a post-cold war focus in defending collective rights. It is still true today that the promotion of the right to self-determination has given rise to international practices that have significantly impacted and clashed with the principle of non-interference. This paper focuses on the consistency or lack of in international law on the right of self-determination, the principle of non-interference, and the contemporary legal trend to promote the rights of all peoples within breaching the principle of territorial integrity. While tracing the relevant legal shifts in both international legal and political practices and in emerging doctrines and principles in international law, this study provides ideas to the discussion of the concept of non-interference. International law prohibits the use of force against an independent state; the only exception is where there is a flagrant violation of human rights and a credible threat to international peace and security. As a result, force can only be used as a last resort if all other efforts to reach a peaceful settlement have failed.
Influence of Buddhism in the cultural life of Vietnamese people
Authors: Duc Tran Minh
Published: August 2022

After over 2000 years of spreading into Vietnam, Buddhism has naturally entered the lives of Vietnamese people and established a firm foothold from urban to rural areas throughout the country. Buddhist ethics have also become vital spiritual ideals for the Vietnamese people, having become profoundly engrained in their way of life and thinking. Throughout its approximately two-hundred-year history, Buddhism has demonstrated its presence in almost every sphere of politics, economy, culture, society, and so on, and has had a good influence on all of these elements in Vietnam.
A quantitative and qualitative thermal comfort assessment in urban public squares of the inhabitants of desert regions
Authors: Guedouh Marouane Samir , Khadraoui Mohamed Amine
Published: August 2022

This article examines the indicators of residents' needs for thermal comfort in public spaces. Our hypothesis focuses on the extent to which high temperatures are associated with the use of public spaces by different age groups of the population. The public squares that distinguish the urban areas of the case study were selected based on their importance and location in the city center. The research methodology is based on numerous research techniques: in situ measurements, observation schemes and questionnaires. The most important results obtained for a better design of the public square must be adapted to the needs of the user taking into account essential elements such as the quality of the equipment of the place, the type and density of the vegetation, the inclusion of water bodies and the perception of the inhabitants...etc, in addition to giving importance and highlighting the social and cultural aspects and the identity of the region.
Cry and Delight in Time of Pandemic: A Phenomenological Inquiry on the Experiences of Multi-grade Teachers in a Philippine Public Elementary School
Authors: Beleganio Annaros B. , Madrigal Dennis V.
Published: August 2022

Education does not only allow for the exploration of every aspect of life but as well as have a longing for knowledge and the desire to take this learning to the next level. Thus, the teacher’s role in the teaching and learning process is vital. However, that delivery of the instruction towards the learners is a big challenge for the teachers who are handling Multi-grade teaching in this new normal. Multi-grade teaching is a situation in which one teacher has to teach many grade levels, all at the same time. Thus, the paper explores the lived experiences of Multi-Grade Teachers in public elementary school in the time of pandemic. Aided by a phenomenological research approach, the data were gathered from purposively sampled participants using face-to-face and online interviews. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis devised by Lichtman. The findings reveal semblance in the participants’ views and practices in multi-grade teaching during the pandemic. Despite the detected adverse elements that relegate it, multi-grade teachers remain passionately dedicated to facilitating learning. However, making learners master the competencies required is still a great challenge to realize. Thus, the collaboration of all stakeholders, school administrators and local government are vital to address this perennial challenge in multi-grade teaching.
"Key to Behavioral Observation of Developmental Disorders" by teachers in Greek School and the role of ICTs
Authors: Chaidi Irene , Drigas Athanasios
Published: August 2022

Children on the autism spectrum present significant difficulties in recognizing, understanding, and expressing emotions and, consequently, in their socialization. The teachers, to create a personalized education program for the students, record, through direct or systematic observation, important information regarding the manifestation of these emotions. KEY is also a recording tool OBSERVATION BEHAVIOR DEVELOPMENT   DISORDERS: Key observation behavioral developmental disorders: Cohen, Stem, & Balaban (1995) (trans. D. Evangelou, ed. S. Bosniadou) in the field of emotion expression. In this paper, the observation key was administered to teachers teaching students with ASD, completed, its results are analyzed and conclusions are drawn
Research on gender in access to economic resources and labor market of ethnic minorities in Vietnam
Authors: Duc Tran Minh
Published: August 2022

Based on the results of a survey done in 2019 to collect information on the socioeconomic state of 53 ethnic minorities in Vietnam, as well as some current study findings on economic resources and in the labor market of ethnic minorities, the article aims to provide more solutions for Vietnamese authorities and policymakers in the process of developing and implementing policies for ethnic minority areas. Thereby contributing to the effective and comprehensive promotion of gender equality in ethnic minority areas in the future.
Organization and development of document flow on children's literature in Azerbaijan (Second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century)
Authors: Nadir İsmayilov , Shahla Ganbarova
Published: August 2022

It allows you to track and analyze the pace of formation and development of any sectoral document flow in different periods, to reflect on the requirements and realities of that period, as well as the level of development of science and culture. Following the process of formation and development of the flow of documents on children's literature in Azerbaijan, the historical development processes and stages of a large number of existing documents revive the panorama of the period in terms of both socio-political and material-spiritual values. The article examines the formation and development of the flow of documents on children's literature in Azerbaijan in the second half of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX century, the factors influencing this process.