bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Descriptions Of Aliens (Extraterrestrial Beings) In Vedic Scriptures
Authors: Manuaba I.B. Arya Lawa , Sudirman I Nyoman
Published: November 2018

Polemics emerge when religion is faced to the fact that there are supposedly visitation of intelligent beings from other planets in many cases from ancient times up to now. Vedic literature as basis of Hindu religious teachings is one of many religious resources which can be used as reference to this inquiry. This descriptive-qualitative study aims to (1) clarify whether Vedic Scriptures mention about extraterrestrial life, or intelligent life outside Planet Earth, and (2) enlist categories of extraterrestrial life as mentioned in the Vedic Scriptures. The methods used are literature study and documentary. Result of the study reveals that Vedic Scriptures, especially the four Vedas, Puranas and Itihasas clearly mention about existence of extraterrestrial species (alien beings) and their interactions with humans since the Vedic era. These extraterrestrial beings are of different categories which are more elaborately enlisted in some major Puranic literatures.
State Defense Diplomacy In Chanakya Viewpoint (Study of Arthashastra Text as a Basis Strategy of Defense Diplomacy)
Authors: Chati Channarong , Avalokitesvari Ni Nyoman Ayu Nikki , Surpi Ni Kadek
Published: November 2018

State defense is a very important aspect in maintaining the existence and sovereignty of a country. Since ancient century Chanakya in a very famous treatise Arthasastra emphasized the importance of diplomacy and efforts to build up the strength of a country. This paper aims to examine the Arthasastra text as the basis of the Defense Diplomacy strategy. Indonesia adopted a Sanskrit slogan in the military world which indicated the close relationship of Indonesian defense and the treasury of Asian civilization with the influence of Indian text. Chanakya asserted, the state must build defense, ready to fight but can maintain peace. A country is deemed to be authoritative so that other countries either with a hostile tendency or as partners, will have high respect. Nevertheless, Arthasastra insists the supreme goal of a country is to build prosperity with defense and security as a prerequisite to build prosperity for a country.
Ethic Educations Of Leadership In Tenganan Pegringsingan Traditional Village
Authors: Ersa Rahayu Dewi Putu , Suwindia I Gede , Sudarsana I Ketut
Published: November 2018

Every village has a leader. The uniqueness of the leadership of Tenganan Pegringsingan village is interesting to be observed. Therefore, the researcher is interested to observe it with three main problems as follows: 1.How is the leadership system in Tenganan Pegringsingan traditional village? 2. How is the job and leadership function in Tenganan Pegringsingan traditional village? 3. How is the ethics education in leadership system in Tenganan Pegringsingan? with the general objects and specific objects and also the benefits of theoretical and practical. Furthermore, theoretical mapping in this study uses as follows: 1. system theory to distinguish the problem of leader system; 2. structural functional theory to distinguish the problem about the leadership’s job and the function; 3. the value theory to distinguish the problem of leadership ethics education. Whereas, the method used is the method of collecting data as the beginning for accuracy and foresight in preparing the thesis. The method of collecting the data as follows: observation method, interview method, library method, and method of documentation study. After the data collected and processed by using descriptive analysis method is how data processing is done by the way of arranging systematically to get the general conclusion. Based on the research methods, the result of the study can be describe as follows: 1. leadership system of Tenganan Pegringsingan traditional village such as: a. general leadership; b. the role of traditional village; c. devotion of leadership rules; d. the level of krama desa’s structure; e. the relationship between traditional village and the government; f. routine krama desa activities. 2. Tenganan Pegringsingan’s duties and functions of village leadership such as: a. tradition and religion functions; b. political and the law function; c. social and civic security function. 3. Leadership ethics education such as:  a. ehical education in taking decision; b. ethical education in rituals and religions; c. ethical education in environmental management; d. ethical education in maintaining tradition and culture.
Tradition Mēkare-Kare In Ritual Usaba Sambah In The Village Of Customary Tenganan Pegringsingan (Study of Hindu Theology)
Authors: Subamia I Nyoman
Published: November 2018

Tradition is something that is done for generations (of ancestors) are still on the run in the community. In general, the tradition usually involves about religious elements such as religious ceremonies, as well as other religious rituals. Just as there is in the public rituals of Bali Aga village of Tenganan Indigenous Pegringsingan. Where Tenganan village is one of the traditional village which has one fairly unique tradition known as mēkare-kare, where mēkare-kare is war conducted in honor of the god Indra. The study was conducted in a qualitative, so the data analysis conducted qualitative descriptive and interpretative. With the data collection method is Reassurance, interviews and literature study. The results showed that: (1) The procession tradition mēkare-kare is one of the most important religious ceremonies and rituals are required in Usaba Sambah in the traditional village of Tenganan Pegringsingan, include (a) the procession tradition mēkare-kare, among others sangkep, gēguron, mēkare-kare mabuang pindo, mēkare-kare advanced, megibung jaja, mabuang pindo and panyineb lawang; (b) means upakara / offerings mekaré tradition-kare; (c) the place, time implementation mēkare-kare tradition; (d) equipment during mēkare-kare tradition; (e) the master of ceremonies; (f) prayer in mēkare-kare; and (g) the parties concerned. (2) Function mēkare-kare tradition in ritual usaba sambah is (a) religious functions; (b) an educational function; (c) social function; (d) the survival function of indigenous traditions; (e) the function of the show; and (f) the function to train agility. (3) The meaning of tradition mēkare-kare in usaba sambah rituals are (a) the meaning sradha bhakti; (b) the meaning of togetherness; (c) the historical significance; (d) the sociological meaning; and (e) inheritance value.
Formulation and Evaluation of Tramadol Hydrochloride Sustained Release Matrix Tablets
Authors: Adithya B Sai , Mohammad Gulshan , Nadendla Rama Rao
Published: November 2018

The ultimate goal of any oral drug delivery system is the successful delivery of the drug, in which almost 90% of the drugs are administered to the body for the treatment of various disorders and diseases as it is regarded as the safest, most convenient and most economical method of drug delivery having the highest patient compliance. The aim of the present study is to formulate sustained release matrix tablets of a model drug (Tramadol hydrochloride) using HPMC 100 MCR,
HPC and EC 7cps as rate retarding polymers, microcrystalline cellulose as bulking agent, magnesium stearate as lubricant and aerosil as glidant. Drug and polymer interactions were evaluated by using FTIR and DSC. The FTIR spectrum and DSC thermograms stated that drug and polymer are compatible to each other. Tablets were prepared by direct compression technique. The micromeritic properties of formulation mixtures of all the formulations were carried out and they were found to be as angle of repose (31.150- 40.100), bulk density (0.310g/ml-0.337g/ml), tapped density (0.355g/ml-0.59g/ml), Carr’s index (8.11%-15.3%), Hausner’s ratio (1.08-1.18) which are within the limits. The formulated tablets were physically acceptable and exhibited acceptable weight variation, friability. In vitro dissolution studies were carried out using USP type-II dissolution apparatus and of all the formulations F6 (containing HPMC and HPC in equal proportions) exhibited prolonged drug release for about 8 hrsas per the objective of the work. The percent drug content varied between 88% to 99%. It can be concluded from the study that the sustained release tablets can be better alternative over immediate release tablets by improving patient compliance and reducing frequency.
Autochemistry: A New Research Paradigm Based on Artificial Intelligence and Big Data
Authors: Gressling Thorsten
Published: November 2018

Artificial Intelligence technologies affect every domain and process in industry. Many solutions with different maturity levels have been created or are in development. With this paper we collect initiatives in the domain of chemical science and bring these resources together into a common process model. We define ten building blocks, analyse their role in the architecture and evaluate their impact to the current system. Finally we discuss the changes and the transition that occurs to the lab worker and the chemist.

This paper introduces Autochemistry as a meme and for further development and discussion. We just can provide a first sketch to this exciting new area of scientific principles changing the anthropocentric fundament of chemistry research to a technocentric one.
ACCOUNTING OF THE OWN THERMO-STRESSED STATE OF THE SOLID CONCRETE WHILE PROVIDING THE REQUIRED CONSUMER PROPERTIES OF THE CRIMEAN BRIDGE CONSTRUCTIONS
Authors: Pulyaev I. S. , Pulyaev S. M.
Published: November 2018

Introduction.The paper deals with the issues related to the determination and registration of the own thermo-stressed state formed in concrete while hardening and used to provide the required consumer properties in the Crimean bridge construction. Therefore, the problem is relevant because of the deadlines for the construction of such facility in the conditions of rough terrain and dry hot climate, and also taking into account the development of the unique non-class facilities in Russia.

Materials and methods.The research is carried out in real-time conditions with the usage of modern measuring systems in practice, allowing to control the process of temperature and strength of hardening concrete in time. The modern computational and analytical complex, which is repeatedly tested under real conditions and by thermophysical calculations of hardening concrete of various class objects and massiveness, is used.

Results.The results of the intrinsic thermo-stressed state of hardening concrete are presented in determining the permissible temperature gradient, which make it possible to accelerate the process of erecting the object with observance of the necessary consumer properties.

Discussion and conclusion.The main conclusions and suggestions are made taking into account the intrinsic thermally stressed state of the concrete when it was hardened during the construction of the Crimean bridge. The paper would be interesting and useful for engineers and technical workers engaged in real production conditions, and for specialists dealing with the issues of the thermophysical processes occurring in concrete hardening and with the problems of ensuring the high consumer concrete properties in structures.
Ecological separation in foraging schedule and food type between pollinators of the California wildflower, Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana
Authors: Hart Georgia , Eckhart Vince
Published: November 2018

The co-occurrence of several dimensions of resource separation between coexisting consumers strengthens the hypothesis that the separation arose from and/or ameliorates interspecific competition. The two most common pollinators of the California endemic plant Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana (Onagraceae), the bees Hesperapis regularis (Mellitidae) and Lasioglossum pullilabre (Halictidae), are known to partition flower resources by flower colour. Here we asked whether H. regularis and L. pullilabre also partition flower resources by diurnal foraging schedule and by food type (pollen versus nectar). We also quantified diurnal patterns of nectar availability, expected to be related to foraging schedules and forager responses to flower colour. The diurnal schedules of the two species differed distinctly and significantly. The majority of L. pullilabre foraging visits occurred before midday, while the majority of H. regularis visits occurred afterwards. The two species foraged for alternative food types at significantly different frequencies—nectar and pollen approximately equally frequently for H. regularis, pollen almost exclusively for L. pullilabre. Nectar standing crop declined with time of day, but it did not clearly reflect or explain previously identified colour-morph preferences. The major pollinators of C. xantiana ssp. xantiana exhibit multiple forms of ecological separation that likely reduce the intensity of competition for floral resources.
Pollination potential of male bumble bees (Bombus impatiens): movement patterns and pollen-transfer efficiency
Authors: Ostevik Katherine , Manson Jessamyn , Thomson James
Published: November 2018

Many plant species rely on female bumble bee workers for pollen transfer. However, male bumble bees, which differ both behaviourally and morphologically from female workers, also visit many species of flowering plants and may transfer pollen differently. Males can outnumber workers on some plants, particularly those that flower late in the season. In laboratory experiments, we compared the movement patterns of male bees and female workers on an artificial flower array. We also compared the pollen transfer efficiency of males and workers foraging on Brassica rapa flowers. Males travelled between patches of flowers more often than workers, which may be an effective method for reducing geitonogamy in plants. Males also had lower foraging rates, longer flower handling time, and transferred more pollen from one B. rapa flower to the next than workers did. These caste-based differences in pollinating behaviour suggest that, under certain circumstances and on a per-visit basis, male bumble bees may be better pollen vectors than female foragers. Furthermore, our results emphasize the need to avoid species-wide generalizations of pollinator effectiveness.
How Pollination Ecology research can help answer important questions
Authors: Biesmeijer Jacobus C. , Sorensen Peter B. , Carvalheiro Luisa G.
Published: November 2018

Pollination Ecology is a dynamic field of scientific research constantly adopting novel methods and making progress in understanding the interactions between plants and their pollinators. A recent paper listed the main scientific questions in this field focussing on the ecological and biological system itself. Here, we follow up on that paper and present some ideas on how to broaden our perspective and explore the role that pollination research can play in answering both ecological and societal questions relevant to a range of different stakeholders. We hope this paper may be useful to researchers aiming at improving both the scientific and societal impact of their research.
Pollinator exclusion devices permitting easy access to flowers of small herbaceous plants
Authors: Thomson James D. , Forrest Jessica R. K. , Ogilvie Jane E.
Published: November 2018

Pollinator exclusion bags for small herbaceous plants are much more convenient to apply and remove if their bottom edge is made in the form of a cloth tunnel loaded with sand to conform to the terrain. Damage and inadvertent selfing of flowers are minimized.
Typology in pollination biology: Lessons from an historical critique
Authors: Waser Nickolas , Ollerton Jeff , Erhardt Andreas
Published: November 2018

Typological schemes that describe putative floral adaptations for pollinators have played a central role in pollination biology. In 1882 the prominent German botanist and Darwinist Hermann Müller commented critically on a precursor of modern versions of such “pollination syndromes” that had been developed by his Italian colleague Federico Delpino. Delpino also was a self-proclaimed Darwinist, but in fact adhered to teleology—explanation beyond nature. As a consequence he viewed his typology as reflecting a deeper ideal and thus as rigidly true, and rejected as unimportant any visitors to flowers that it did not predict. Although Müller also classified flowers as to pollinators, he considered such schemes to be fallible, and pondered what diversity and variation in floral visitors might mean. Müller’s comments, which we translate here, are of interest given that appeals to teleology have resurfaced from time to time in discussions of pollination syndromes, and more importantly because his warning against taking typological schemes too literally remains valid. Typology is a useful tool in biology, including pollination biology, but care must be taken that it does not replace nature as perceived reality.
Application of PSO-LSSVM in Bias Correction of Shipborne Anemometer Measurement
Authors: Hu Tong , Qi Suiping , Qiu Zhijin , Zou Jing , Wang Dongming
Published: November 2018

Wind measurement from shipborne anemometer is susceptible to the airflow distortion due to ship hull and superstructure. The measurement bias needs to be minimized with regard to various meteorological and navigation applications. To address this problem, this study illustrates the feasibility to correct the measurement bias due to airflow distortion by applying Least Squares Support Vector Machine with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO-LSSVM) method. The airflow field around hull and superstructure of an experimental ship is simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. And then the nonlinear relationship between the airflow through conventional anemometer mounting sites on the main mast and the airflow through the reference point above bridge is implicitly obtained using the PSO-LSSVM regression. The dataset of relative wind observation taken during a sea trial is used to validate the effectiveness of this method. The results show that the established model efficiently eliminates most of the speed bias and reduces half of the direction bias of the mean relative wind, which indicates this method could be extended to estimate the undisturbed freestream on the open sea surface.
The Factors Effect on Weaning Weight of Hair Goats in West Anatolia
Authors: Erdoğan Ataç Funda , Takma Çiğdem
Published: November 2018

Objective:In this study; the relationships of several traits effects of Turkish Hair Goats were investigated by canonic correlation analysis. Therefore determining more effective factors on weaning weight of Hair goats are aimed.Material and Methods: The data were utilized from 1020 male and 1011 female Hair goat kids which were born in the period 2013 to 2016. The herd, year of birth, birth type and sex are analyzed as the first set of variables (X); weight at birth, weight at thirty day of age and weight at weaning age effects are analyzed as the second set of variables (Y). By performing canonical correlation analysis, canonical correlations between the first, second and third pair of canonical variates were estimated and three canonical correlation were found significant (P < 0.01).Results:The biggest correlations between year of birth, sex, birth type variables and v1, v2 and v3 canonical variates were found -0.77%, 0.87% and -0.82%, respectively. The biggest correlations between weight at birth, weight at thirty day of age and weight at weaning age and w1, w2 and w3 canonical variates were found 0.84%, -0.97% and -0.78%, respectively. As a result it has been determined that sex and birth type play an important role in the formation of the goat kid’s body weights.Conclusion:Hair goats reared in West Anatolia are slaughtered mostly at the end of the weaning. Because of this, assessment the factors effect on weaning weight are important. Canonical correlation analysis therefore is used to analyze all factors at the same time to define relationships between each other of weaning traits for hair goats.
Employee Based Brand Equity: Building Brand Value for Employees through Internal Branding
Authors: ERKMEN Ezgi
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of
internal branding in explaining employees brand equity in service industry. A
conceptual model, which incorporates the internal branding mechanisms, namely
the human resources, leadership, and internal communication, is proposed to
understand their effect on employee based brand equity. A quantitative research
methodology, using structural equation modeling, was adopted to understand the
role of internal branding in creating brand equity for employees. Data were
collected from the customer contact employees in hotel and restaurant industry.
The findings supported the sequential link for: internal branding – brand
awareness – brand image and perceived quality – brand commitment. Even only
internal communication and leadership were found to significantly affect brand awareness;
this brand knowledge was then positively influenced the brand image and
perceived brand quality of employees. Moreover, the results found that as
employees have a more positive perception of brand image and quality, they are
more likely to be committed to the company brand. Therefore, this study
confirmed the importance of internal branding to increase employee brand
equity, which in turn, translates into a strong brand for customers. In
addition, this research is one of the limited studies adopting an employee
perspective for brand equity as well as studying the role of internal branding
mechanisms in building that brand equity.
Sürdürülebilir Turizm Konusunda Yerel Halkın Görüşlerinin Belirlenmesi: Sille Örneği
Authors: ÇINARLI Emel , AY Hakkı Mümin
Published: November 2018

Yüzyıllardır birçok medeniyete ev sahipliği yapan,
zaman içinde insanoğlunun tahribatına ve yıkımına uğrasa da doğal güzellikleri
ve tarihi dokusu ile Konya’da turizm adına giderek dikkat çeken ve cazibe
merkezi haline gelen Sille’ye yerli ve yabancı turistlerin ilgisi giderek
artmaktadır.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Sille’deki turizm faaliyetlerinin
olumsuz etkilerinin en aza indirilerek mevcut kültürel mirasın gelecek
nesillere aktarılmasında ve yöredeki turizmin sürdürülebilirliğinin
sağlanmasında önem arz eden yöre halkının sürdürülebilir turizme yönelik
yaklaşımlarını belirlemek ve ayrıca yerel halkın sürdürülebilir turizmle ilgili
görüşlerinin bazı demografik değişkenlerle ilişkisini ortaya koymaktır.
Araştırmada elde edilen veriler, 28.06.2017-13.07.2017 tarihleri arasında
Sille’de bulunan 218 kişiye anket yöntemi uygulanarak toplanmıştır. Araştırmada
verilerin toplanmasında, araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen “Demografik Bilgi
Formu” ve önceden geliştirilen “Sürdürülebilir Turizm Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır.
Veri toplama araçları tek form haline getirilerek birlikte uygulanmıştır.
Araştırmada elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel çözümü için “SPSS” paket
programının 24.0 sürümü kullanılmıştır.
Tüketicilerin Otomobil Satın Alma Davranışlarına Etki Eden Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi: Akademisyenlere Yönelik Bir Uygulama
Authors: KÖYLÜOĞLU A.selçuk , ACAR Ö. Emrah , İNAN Ü. Saliha Eken
Published: November 2018

İşletmelerin, hassasiyetle üzerinde durduğu konular arasında
pazarlama ve pazarlamanın yakın ve uzak çevresindeki paydaşlarla senkronize uyumu
yer almaktadır. İşletmenin varlığını devam ettirebilmesi için hayati önem teşkil
eden müşteri, bu paydaşların başında gelmektedir. Bu anlayışla, tüketici davranışını
etkileyen faktörlerin araştırıldığı bu çalışmada amaç, akademisyenlerin araç satın alma davranışlarına etki eden faktörleri incelemektir.Otomobil, insanların ulaşım gibi temel ihtiyaçlarını karşılamanın
yanı sıra sosyal ve psikolojik ihtiyaçlarına da cevap verebilmektedir. Akademisyenler
ise toplumda önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu
doğrultuda, Selçuk Üniversitesi akademisyenlerinin araç satın alma davranışları
anket yöntemiyle araştırılmıştır. Anket soruları demografik özelliklere ve
psikolojik faktörlere göre hazırlanmıştır. Bu çalışma için Dongyan ve Xuan
tarafından 2008 yılında yapılan “Pekin’de Otomobil Satın Alma Davranışları:
Ampirik Bir Araştırma” isimli yüksek lisans tezinden faydalanılmıştır.
Akademisyenler rastgele örneklem seçimi ile belirlenmiş ve anket formları yüz
yüze görüşülerek doldurulmuştur. Toplamda 135 anket cevaplanmıştır. Elde edilen
veriler SPSS/Windows 2.0 sürümü istatistik analiz programına uygun olarak kodlanmıştır.
Fark testleri, regresyon analizi ve  anova
testi gibi çalışmanın amacına uygun testler analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak %5
anlamlılık düzeyinde genel memnuniyet düzeyi değişkenini açıklamada marka,
parasal değer ve sürüş konforu istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Bu
açıklayıcılığa en büyük katkıyı marka değişkeninin sağladığı görülmüştür.
Ücretsiz Müzik Ürünlerinin Erişim Temelli Tüketimi: Üniversite Öğrencilerine Yönelik Bir Araştırma
Authors: BOZACI İbrahim , GÖKDENİZ İsmail
Published: November 2018

Teknolojik
gelişmelere bağlı olarak müzik, makale, kitap, oyun gibi dijital formattaki ürünlerin
internet erişimi sağlanarak tüketilebilmesi, erişim temelli tüketimin (access
based consumption) temel tüketim biçimlerinden biri olmasına neden olmaktadır. Ancak
pazarlama alanında tüketici davranışları daha çok somut nitelikte mallar veya
soyut nitelikteki hizmetlerin tüketilmesi bakımından incelenmiştir. Erişim
temelli tüketimin ve bu davranış ile ilişkili faktörlerin araştırılması,
tüketici davranışlarını anlama bakımından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, erişim
temelli tüketim ve erişim temelli tüketimle ilişkili faktörlerle ilgili
araştırmalar öncelikle incelenmektedir. Ardından, genç tüketicilerin müzik
dinleme davranışlarında erişim temelli tüketim ve  bu tercihle ilişkili faktörlere yönelik anket
çalışması gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu kapsamda, erişim temelli müzik dinleme
sıklığı ile erişerek dinlemeden kaynaklı memnuniyet, psikolojik sahiplik
algısı, algılanan risk ve erişim temelli dinlemeye yönelik olumlu tutum
arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmektedir. Ayrıca katılımcıların cinsiyet ve gelir
düzeyine bağlı olarak araştırma değişkenlerindeki farklılıklar incelenmektedir.
Neticede araştırma değişkenlerinin erişim temelli müzik dinleme sıklığıyla
ilişkili olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Son olarak araştırma bulguları
yorumlanmaktadır.
Muhasebe Meslek Mensuplarında Duygusal Emek ve İşyeri Mutluluğu İlişkisi: Burdur Örneği
Authors: APALI Ali , ÖZMEN Mehmet
Published: November 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı muhasebe
mensuplarının duygusal emek davranışları ile işyeri mutlulukları arasındaki
ilişkiyi araştırmaktır. Araştırma Burdur evreninde ve 156 muhasebe mensubu örnekleminde
nicel araştırma yöntemleri uygulanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada
muhasebe mensuplarının duygusal emek davranışları, işyeri mutlulukları
incelenmiş ve aralarındaki ilişkiler korelasyon analizi ile test edilmiştir. Araştırma
sonuçlarına göre muhasebe mensuplarının yüzeysel davranış düzeyleri düşük,
duyguların bastırılması düzeyleri orta ve derin davranış düzeyleri ile işyeri
mutluluk düzeyleri yüksek çıkmıştır. Duyguların bastırılması ve derin davranış
ile işyeri mutluluğu arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur.
Hükümet Programlarında Demokratikleşme Politikalarının Değerlendirilmesi (1923-1980)
Authors: UÇAR Fuat
Published: November 2018

Hükümet, devletin her alandaki siyasetini belirleyip
uygulamakla görevli en üst yürütme organıdır.  Hükümet programı da yürütme organının
uygulamayı amaçladığı temel politikaları içeren ve buna dayanarak Meclis’ten
güvenoyu istediği bir belgedir. Cumhuriyet’in
ilanından günümüze kadar kurulmuş olan altmış
beş Cumhuriyet hükümetine bir bütün olarak bakıldığında, demokratikleşme
politikaları hemen her hükümet programında yer almış, hatta bazılarının en
temel özelliklerinden biri olmuştur. Bu kapsamda “demokratlık” kavramına ilk
kez I. Şükrü Saraçoğlu hükümetinde yer verilmiş ve çok partili hayata
geçilmesiyle demokratik rejim kavramı ön plana çıkmaya başlamıştır. 1960’lı
yıllardan itibaren “Demokratik Cumhuriyet” kavramı ilk kez kullanılmış, daha
sonraki dönemlerde demokratikleşme kapsamında, sivil-toplum, hak ve özgürlüklerin
artırılması önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Bu
çalışmada;  Cumhuriyet’in ilanından, 12 Eylül 1980 Askeri
Darbesi’ne kadar görev yapan 43 hükümetin programı incelenmiştir. Tarama
yolu ile incelenen metinlerde, demokratikleşmeye
yönelik olarak öncelik kazanan kavramlar; demokratik rejim, seçim sitemi, basın
hürriyeti, iktidar-muhalefet ilişkileri, Anayasa değişikliği, sendikal
örgütlenme, bireysel hak ve özgürlüklerin geliştirilmesi, sosyo-ekonomik
yapının iyileştirilmesine yönelik kavramlar olmuştur. Yapılan karşılaştırmada hükümetlerin
demokratikleşme politikalarının konjonktürel iç ve dış gelişmelere bağlı olarak
artan bir eğilimde devam ettiği gözlenmiştir.
1978-2018 Yılları Arasında Türkiye'de Sağlık Yönetimi Anabilim Dalı/Bilim Dalında Muhasebe ve Finansman Alanında Yazılan Lisansüstü Tezlerin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÇİL KOÇYİĞİT Seyhan , ŞENAY Feyza
Published: November 2018

Bu
çalışmada, Türkiye'de 1978-2018 yılları arasında Sağlık Yönetimi Anabilim
Dalı/Bilim Dalı ve Sağlık Yönetimi Bölümü ile eşdeğer olabilecek anabilim/bilim
dallarında[1]
muhasebe ve finansman alanı üzerine yazılan lisansüstü tezler içerik analizi
ile incelenmiştir. Çalışma, söz konusu anabilim/bilim dallarında muhasebe ve
finansman alanı üzerine yazılan çalışmaların çeşitli açılarından görünümünü
ortaya koyarak, muhasebe-finansman alanında hangi konuların çalışıldığını,
hangi konulardaki çalışmaların ise yetersiz kalındığını göstermek amacıyla
yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, YÖK'ün web sayfasına belirli anahtar kelimeler girilmiş
ve ulaşılabilen tezler incelenmiştir. İnceleme sonucunda, ilgili anabilim dallarında muhasebe finansman alanında
yazılan tezlerin ilgili anabilim dalları içindeki oranının yaklaşık olarak %11
olduğu ve 2014 yılından itibaren artış eğilimi gösterdiği
saptanmıştır. İlgili anabilim
dalları içinde muhasebe finansman alanında yazıldığı saptanan 179 adet tezin; %36,31’inin Maliyet Muhasebesi, %14’53'ünün Sağlık
Hizmetleri Finansmanı, %12,85'inin de Finansal Performans konularında yazıldığı
görülmüştür. Yazılan tezlerin nicelik açısından yazıldığı üniversitelere göre
sıralandığında; ilk sırada %22’9 ile Beykent Üniversitesinin, ikinci sırada %19
ile Hacettepe Üniversitesinin, üçüncü sırada ise %14,5 ile Gazi Üniversitesinin
yer aldığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

[1]Sağlık Kurumları
Yöneticiliği/Sağlık Kurumları İşletmeciliği/Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi/Hastane
İşletmeciliği/Sağlık/Hizmetleri Yönetimi/Sağlık Kurumları İşletmeciliği ve
Yöneticiliği /Sağlık Ekonomisi/Sağlıkta Kalite Yönetimi Anabilim dallarında ve
Sağlık Kurumları İşletmeciliği/Sağlık Kurumları Yöneticiliği/Sağlık Kurumları
Yönetimi/Hastane İşletmeciliği/Hastane ve Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi Bilim
Dalları
Avrupa Yatırım Bankası Kaynaklı Özel Sektör Proje Kredileri Ve Türkiye Uygulaması
Authors: LÖK Hasan
Published: November 2018

Avrupa Yatırım Bankası Avrupa Birliğine
üye ve aday ülkelerin kalkınmasına destek veren uluslararası bir finansman
kurumudur. Türkiye Avrupa Birliğine üyelik başvurusunun yapılmasından sonra
birlik ile çeşitli dönemlerde mali protokoller imzalamıştır. Bu mali
protokoller çerçevesinde Türk özel sektörünün projelerinin finansmanında banka
önemli roller oynamaktadır. Banka Türkiye’nin özel sektör proje kredilerinin
finansmanında özel sektör kalkınma bankaları ile devlet sermayeli ihtisas
bankalarının proje değerlendirme ve finansman hizmetlerinden yararlanmaktadır.
Makale konumuz tarihsel süreci içerisinde Avrupa Yatırım Bankasının ülkemizdeki
özel sektör projelerine tahsis ettiği kredilerdeki uygulamış olduğu
stratejiler, kredi kullanımında görev almış olan bankalar, kredi kullandırma
koşullarını ve uygulama alanlarını içermektedir. Makale, teorik literatür
taraması yanında krediyi kullandırmakta olan bankaların faaliyet raporlarından
elde edilen bilgilerden oluşmuştur.
CLOSED TIBIAL FRACTURES
Authors: Saeed Hamid , Zia Ur Rehman Muhammad , Bhatti Samee Javed , Furqan Aamir
Published: November 2018

Objectives: The objective is to compare the radiological outcome of closedinterlock intramedullary nailing versus dynamic compression plating in closed tibial fracture.Study Design: Randomized controlled trials. Setting: Department of orthopedics NishtarHospital Multan. Period: 9th July 2016 to March 2017. Methodology: There were 302 patientsdivided in two equal groups of 151. Permission was taken from the ethical committee of NishtarHospital. The 302 patients in age group 20-50 years of both genders meeting the inclusionand exclusion criteria attending the outpatient clinic or admitted to the orthopedics departmentthrough emergency were included in the study. All the data entered and analyzed usingcomputer software SPSS version 10. For quantitative variables like age and duration of fracturemean and standard deviation was calculated. For categorical variables like gender, malunionand infection frequency and percentage were calculated. Chi-square test was applied tocompare the malunion and infection in both groups. A p value 0.05 was considered statisticallysignificant. Results: The 100% (n=302) patients were divided into 2 groups equally, 151 ineach, i.e. intramedullary nail (group 1) and dynamic compression plating (group 2). The mainoutcome variables of this study were the malunion and infection. It was observed that malunionpresented as 57% (n=86) and 70.9% (n=107) in group 1 and group 2 respectively. It was alsoobserved that infection presented as 23.2% (n=35) and 37.1% (n=56) in group 1 and group 2respectively. After applying chi-square test, it was noted that malunion associated with groupshaving p-value 0.012. But it was not associated with gender, stratified age and duration offracture having p-values 0.497, 0.800 and 0.218 respectively. Similarly, after applying chi-squaretest, it was noted that infection associated with gender and groups having p-values 0.007 and0.008 respectively. But it was not associated with stratified age and duration of fracture havingp-values 0.565 and 0.344 respectively. Conclusion: Closed interlock intramedullary nailinghas malunion and infection rates less than dynamic compression plating. So closed interlockintramedullary nailing is preferred method of closed tibia diaphyseal fracture treatment.
ENERGY DRINKS ON CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Authors: Bashir Muhammad Usman , Imran Muhammad , Ali Amjad
Published: November 2018

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the short term effectsof energy drinks on the cardiovascular system and physical performance of healthy adult malemedical students. Study Design: Experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: This studywas conducted at the Physiology departments of CMH Multan Institute of Medical Sciences,Multan and Continental Medical College, Lahore from February 2017 to April 2017. Subjectsand Methods: Sixty eight healthy, adult, male medical students participated in this study. Eachday, heart rates and blood pressures of 3 to 4 students were measured and then the testsof physical performance (hand grip test and 300 meter run test) were performed (“pre-test”measurements). After that, each student drank 250 mL of a standard energy drink and thenrested for about 30 minutes, after which post-test measurements were recorded in the sameway. Changes in various parameters, before and after the consumption of energy drink werecompared using the student’s t-test. Results: The cardiac parameters (heart rate & bloodpressure) of the students increased significantly after using the energy drink (p-value < 0.05).Mean±SD hand grip of the students increased from 44.97±3.96 Kg to 45.14±3.99 Kg afterconsuming the energy drink, but this increase was not significant (p-value = 0.667). Similarly,the mean±SD time of “300 meter run test” decreased from 68.28±3.40 seconds to 67.93±4.47seconds after the consumption of the energy drink, but this was also non-significant (p-value= 0.448). Conclusion: We observed significant increase in heart rate and blood pressure ofthe study subjects, while no significant enhancement was seen in the physical performance ofhealthy adult male medical students, 30 minutes after consuming the energy drinks.
BILIARY ATRESIA
Authors: Anjum Aysha , Maqsood Saba , Tahir Eisha
Published: November 2018

Objectives: To determine the accuracy of ultrasound in diagnosing biliary atresiataking histopathology as gold standard. Design: Cross Sectional Study. Settings: Departmentof Diagnostic Radiology and Gastroenterology at Children’s Hospital and Institute of ChildHealth, Lahore. Period: Over 1 year from 13-01-2015 to 12-02-2016. Material and Methods:This study involved 210 infants aged between 2-6 weeks referred from outpatient departmentand emergency of gastroenterology department with suspicion of biliary atresia. Ultrasoundof all these cases was carried out and biliary atresia was labeled on a positive triangular cordsign. Core needle biopsy sample was taken from the liver adjacent to the porta hepatis andhistopathological examination was done. Results of histopathology were taken as gold standardand results of ultrasonography were judged accordingly as true positive or false positive. Awritten informed consent was taken from each patient. A predesigned proforma was used torecord patient’s demographic details along with ultrasound and histopathological diagnosis.Results: The mean age of the patients was 4.31±1.22 weeks. There were 109 (51.9%) maleand 101 (48.1%) female patients with a male to female ratio of 1.1:1. Ultrasound was found97.5% sensitive, 87.7% specific and 95.2% accurate with positive and negative predictive valueof 96.31% and 91.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Ultrasound was found extremely sensitive toolfor the diagnosis of biliary atresia. Its non-invasive nature and lack of radiation exposure furthermake it ideal for pre-operative diagnosis in suspected cases in future practice.
PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
Authors: Azeem Muhammad , Awaisi Zubair Hassan , Anwar Yasmeen , Azeem Arusha
Published: November 2018

Introduction: The research for finding the most effective teaching methodis still on. The aim of current study was to find out the perceptions of dental interns after aproblem based learning (PBL) sessions on a topic of orthodontic case planning. Study Design:Experimental, Quasi study. Setting: Orthodontic Dental Section, Faisalabad Medical University.Period: 15.8.2017 to 5.2.2018. Materials & Methods: Thirty two dental interns were selectedat Orthodontic Dental Section, Faisalabad Medical University. On initial case planning sessions,baseline theoretical knowledge was provided on the topic of ‘Premolar extractions’. In betweenthe sessions dental interns were asked to answer five multiple choice questions relative to oneorthodontic case (OPG, Lateral cephalograms, Photographs) they were given. On a final caseplanning sessions, orthodontic case discussion case took place with an expert orthodontist,at the end of which dental interns were asked to rate their experiences about PBL sessionby filling questionnaire anonymously. Results: Results showed that dental interns perceivedPBL to stimulate their attentiveness, interest, and interactivity with fellow interns, motivation foradditional case study and learning efficacy. Conclusion: Perceptions of dental interns werepositive after a problem based learning attempt on a topic of orthodontic case planning.
INFRAORBITAL NERVE INJURY
Authors: Yousuf Hira , Ali Muhammad Hamid , Shah Syed Fida Hussain , Hassan Syed Ghazanfar , Kumar Lovekesh
Published: November 2018

Objective: To compare the frequency of the recovery of infraorbital nerve injuryfollowing zygomatic complex fracture management with open reduction and close reduction.Study Design: Randomized controlled trail study. Setting: Oral & Maxillofacial SurgeryDepartment of Dentistry, Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro. Period: From 17th October2015 to 16th October 2016. Material and Methods: Total 168 patients with zygomatic complexfracture with infraorbital nerve injury were included and equally divided in Close (Group-A)and Open (Group-B) reduction. Neurosensory evaluation was done. The areas were examinedbilaterally anterior cheek, lateral side of the nose and upper lip. After 24 weeks if two successivepositive responses were obtain then result was called recovery. Descriptive statistics wereapplied. Stratification was done using Chi square test. Results: The mean duration of fracture ingroup A was 21.41±9.81 hours while in group B it was 20.65±9.11 hours. The assessment after24 weeks showed better results in Group B as compared with Group A. Recovery of infraorbitalnerve injury was observed 13.1% in group A and 94% in group B. Conclusion: The frequencyof recovery is high with open reduction as compared to closed reduction.
ADULT MYOPES
Authors: Elrahman NuhaMohamed Fath , Elmadina AbdElaziz Mohamed , Qureshi Manzoor Ahmad , Younis Adil Mousa , Ahmad Muhammad Ijaz , Zain Madathir Musa Mohamed
Published: November 2018

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the correlation of central cornealthicknesses (CCT), mean keratometry (KM) and axial length (AL) to myopia degree in sphericalequivalent (SE) among Sudanese adults. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting:University Eye complex clinic and Makka Eye complex Omdurman. Period: April to October2015. Methods: Central Corneal Thickness (CCT), k-reading (KM), axial length and thedegree of refraction (SE) 0f 200 myopic eyes and 60 emmetropic eyes as a control groupwere measured. Results: Adult Sudanese females (57%) were found greater than males (43%)population; (χ 2 = 109.5, p = 0.000 ), most of the participants’ age was less than 25 years(χ 2 = 109.5, p = 0.000 ), and the mean myopic spherical equivalent (SE) was – 4.79 ± 2.55 D,ranging from -1.00 to -11.00 D. The mean CCT of the myopic group was 542.8 ±11.9 μm,while for the emmetropic group was 538.7 ±12.4 μm. The cornea were steeper in eyes withlonger axial length (r = 0.24, p =0.001). Eyes with higher myopic spherical equivalent hadlonger axial length (r =0.30, p <0.001). Mean keratometrys were steeper with increasing age(r= 0.24, p= 0.001). This study has shown that CCT has no correlation with degree of myopia(p= 0.46), gender (p= 0.99), and age (p= 0.07). The CCT, KM, and AL means for myopicparticipants were found significantly greater than emmetropic participants (p=0.000, 0.000,and 0.044 respectively. Conclusion: The females participants of myopia were higher rate thanmales, early adults’ age group were of higher rate myopic incident; there was no correlationbetween CCT and the degree of myopia, gender, and age. CCT, KM, and AL means for myopicwere found higher than emmetropic participant. Eyes with more myopic spherical equivalenthad longer axial length; corneal curvature mean becomes steeper with increasing age.
GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERIES
Authors: Bhanbhro Rizwanullah Junaid , Shah Fida Hussain , Memon Sohail Ahmed , Laghari Mujeeb-ur-Rehman
Published: November 2018

Objectives: To determine the operative findings of patients underwentgastrointestinal surgeries and postoperative outcome according to Clavien-Dindo system. StudyDesign: Prospective study. Setting: Isra University Hospital Hyderabad and LUMHS Jamshoro/Hyderabad. Period: One year duration from 2014 to 2015. Material and methods: Total 50patients were included those were underwent Gastrointestinal Surgery. After taking detailedhistory and clinical examination, relevant investigations i.e. CBC, abdominal X-ray, MethyleneBlue Test to confirm the leaks and abdominal ultrasound were done. All operative findingsand postoperative outcome according to Clavien-Dindo system was recorded in the proforma.After collection of data was analysed by (SPSS) version16.0. Results: Total 50 cases studied,their mean age was 46.6+9.7 years, male were found in majority 36 (72.0%) while female were14 (28.0%). Most common diagnosis in of patients those underwent gastrointestinal surgerieswere typhoid perforation 22.0%, tuberculosis 18.0%, Duodenal perforation 20.0% and intestinalobstruction was 10.0%. Postoperative outcome was assessed according to the Clavien-Dindoscoring system as; majority of the cases 16 (32.0%) were found without complications, 12(24.0%) with grade II, followed by 10 (20.0%) were with grade I, 04 (08.0%) were with grade III,only 2 (4.0%) cases were found with grade IV and 06 (12.0%) cases were died during follow upand those were with grade V. Conclusion: It is concluded that most common operative findingswere typhoid perforation, tuberculosis, duodenal perforation and intestinal obstruction findingsinpatients those underwent gastrointestinal surgeries. According to the Clavien-Dindo scoringsystem and majority of the cases were with grade I and grade II and 6 cases were died thosewere enrolled as grade V.
Review of Michael Praetorius; Jeffery T. Kite-Powell trans. and ed., Syntagma musicum III (Oxford University Press, 2004)
Authors: Pack Tim S.
Published: November 2018

The third volume of
Syntagma musicum by Michael Praetorius is one of the most important treatises on musical forms, terminology, and performance practices of the early seventeenth century; it is also one of the earliest sources to discuss thoroughbass theory. Due to the complexity of its prose, which incorporates German, Latin, and Greek, more than three centuries passed before the first English translation was completed. Jeffery Kite-Powell successfully confronts Praetorius’s highly technical and intricate language and in so doing makes
Syntagma musicum III tangible to a wider audience of performers, students, and educators.
Structural and Transformational Properties of All-Interval Tetrachords
Authors: Childs Adrian P.
Published: November 2018

An analysis (from Guy Capuzzo’s 1999 dissertation) of Elliott Carter’sScrivo in Ventofor solo flute serves as a point of departure for the consideration of certain properties of all-interval tetrachords (AITs). First, the roles of the individual (and a priori distinct) dyads are examined in light of the complement-union pair property exhibited by AITs. Second, a systematic means of describing common-tone relationships among AITs is proposed and studied. Examples from two works by Carter (Shard andScrivo in Vento) show the flexibility and usefulness of the system.
Debussy and Recollection:trois aperçu
Authors: Marion Gregory J.
Published: November 2018

I take the position that Debussy’s treatment of the past is strategically significant in each of the three works considered in the article. Textual and musical concerns mesh in the song “De rêve,” fromProses lyriques,when a state of recall colors the condition of the present. InPour le pianoovert references to Baroque- and Classical-era compositional procedures mask temporal play of an entirely different kind. In “Golliwogg’s Cakewalk,” fromChildren’s Corner,the allusion to a comedic effect deflects attention from the scathing critique that represents the central message of the work.
Bruno Maderna’s Serial Arrays
Authors: Neidhöfer Christoph
Published: November 2018

A central figure at the Darmstadt Summer Courses for New Music in the 1950s, Bruno Maderna (1920–73) pioneered a type of serialism that was as deeply rooted in the contrapuntal tradition of the past, as it was committed to the exploration of new avenues in musical expression. This article investigates the serial arrays that lie at the core of his works written between 1951 and 1956. The constructive principles behind Maderna’s tone rows are explained, as are the ways in which he subjected them to order permutations that he represented graphically in matrices, tabulating order positions and pitch-class space. The article further examines how Maderna’s matrices served as the source for his rhythmic language. With evidence from the sketch materials and other sources, the analyses show how Maderna designed his serial arrays in response to what he considered to have been the shortcomings of the twelve-tone technique.
Commentary on Matthew W. Butterfield’s “The Power of Anacrusis”
Authors: Benadon Fernando
Published: November 2018

I offer some perspectives on one portion of Matthew W. Butterfield’s “The Power of Anacrusis: Engendered Feeling in Groove-Based Musics” (MTO 12.4). I specifically discuss his microtiming analysis of the main groove in Herbie Hancock’s “Chameleon.” I propose alternative ways of calculating timing deviations, suggesting that the measurement approach should reflect the listening process as closely as possible. I also discuss whether tiny timing discrepancies (under 10 milliseconds) serve an expressive role.