bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: Interaction Issues in Patients with Glaucoma and Arterial Hypertension. Review
Authors: Makogon S. I. , Ivanova D. I. , Onishchenko A. L.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the review is to evaluate the interaction of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with glaucoma and concomitant arterial hypertension using literature data. Glaucoma is the main cause of blindness and visual impairment, as well as the main cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Pharmacotherapy, laser or surgical treatments are used to reduce IOP levels, as well as prevent deterioration of visual field defects. However, 40 % of patients develop glaucomatous neuropathy despite ongoing therapy. This prompts the investigation of alternative causes of damage to the optic nerve, and abnormal blood pressure levels, both too low and too high, are considered as a possible risk factor. Arterial hypertension occurs in 48–65 % of patients with glaucoma and is the most common systemic disease in patients with glaucoma. Currently, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are considered the “gold standard” in the treatment of arterial hypertension, in the pathogenesis of which activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormonal system responsible for regulating blood pressure and fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. Local tissue-specific RAS were found, including in the structures of the eyeball: cornea, aqueous humor, iris, ciliary body, vitreous body, retina. These data indicate that the local RAS plays an important role in the regulation of the physiology of the eye and may become a target in the development of new antiglaucoma drugs. Animal studies, as well as studies in various patient groups, show that systemic antihypertensive drugs that inhibit the RAS, such as ACE inhibitors, reduce IOP. These studies support the concept that RAS inhibitory drugs may be potential antiglaucoma drugs in the future, as ACE inhibitors can improve the outflow of intraocular fluid, thereby reducing IOP.
Assessment of Safety, Efficacy and Predictability of a Trifocal Intraocular Lens. Performance of PanOptix Trifocal Versus Monofocal IOL
Authors: Soliman Marian , Osman Amr , Eissa Sherif A. , Anis Mohamed , Barrada Omar A. , Hasaballah Mohamed
Published: December 2023

Purpose. To evaluate the performance and the visual outcomes of Acrysof PanOptix trifocal IOL in terms of safety, efficacy, predictability and assessment of the quality of vision after implantation as regards; contrast sensitivity and ocular aberrations. Methods. A prospective interventional non randomized study that included forty eyes of twenty one patients with senile cataract. All surgeries were carried out between September 2019 and January 2020. Patients underwent phacoemulsification for cataract removal with IOL implantation. They were divided into two groups; group(A) included twenty eyes of eleven patients who were implanted with AcrySof IQ PanOptix trifocal IOL Model TFNT00. While group (B) included twenty eyes of ten patients who were implanted with monofocal AcrySof IOLs as a control group. Results. There were 21 subjects enrolled in our study. Mean age was 56.6 ± 6.9 years in group (A) and 62.8 ± 7.1 years in group (B),(range 50–70).We found statistical significant difference between both groups with group A showing better post operative uncorrected distance, intermediate, near, and best corrected near visual acuity . Group (B) showed statistically significant better post operative contrast sensitivity compared to group (A). Conclusion: In this study, Acrysof PanOptix trifocal IOL showed excellent safety, efficacy, predictability and spectacle independence at all distances, This prospective interventional non-randomized study showed excellent safety, efficacy and predictability of the PanOptix IOL with higher spectacle independence, slightly impaired contrast sensitivity without affecting daily activities. However, contrast sensitivity was compromised in comparison to the monofocal group and high order aberrations (coma, trefoil) were noted to be higher affecting the quality of vision but not the daily activities of the patient.
Strategy of Surgical Treatment of Patients with Pigment Dispersion Syndrome and Myopia
Authors: Sakhnov S. N. , Klokova O. A. , Karagodina P. A. , Arlanova T. I. , Leonova A. A.
Published: December 2023

Purpose: to conduct a prospective study of the results of surgical treatment of patients with pigment dispersion syndrome and complex myopic astigmatism. Materials and methods. As a result of a comprehensive examination of 10453 adult primary patients with complex myopic astigmatism, the diagnosis of pigment dispersion syndrome was made in 99 patients (0.94 %). The study group consisted of 22 people, 9 men and 13 women, with an average age of 29.4 ± 9.8. In the case of iridosonular contact, according to ultrasound biomicroscopy, laser basal iridectomy was performed at the first stage. In the case of normal intraocular pressure indicators, laser correction of myopia was made in patients of the study group within 6 months after laser basal iridectomy. Results. During biomicroscopy, a Krukenberg spindle was observed in 34 eyes (77.2 %), exogenous pigment was detected in 20 eyes (45.4 %) on the iris and lens, and sectoral illumination of the iris was detected in 5 (11.4 %). After laser basal iridectomy on 24 eyes (54.5 %) in all the studied meridians, we noted a tendency to deepen the posterior chamber, but the increase was statistically significant only at 12 hours (P < 0.05). The achieved decrease in the angle of the anterior chamber was statistically significant (P < 0.05) in the meridians of 3, 9 and 12 hours and ranged from 3.56 to 8.53 degrees in different meridians. Laser correction of complex myopic astigmatism was performed in 11 patients (22 eyes) using ReLEx® SMILE technology and 10 (20 eyes) patients using FemtoLASIK technology. At the end of the observation period after correction, refraction within ±0.5 dptr of the planned one was achieved in 88.1 % of cases (37 eyes), ±1.0 dptr — in 100 % of cases. The efficiency coefficient was 88.46 %, the safety coefficient was 92.8 %. Postoperative values of corneal-compensated IOP were comparable with preoperative indicators (P > 0.05). Conclusions. The analysis of the of surgical treatment results in the patients with pigment dispersion syndrome and myopia showed the absence of negative dynamics in the course, as well as high efficiency, safety and stability of the results achieved after laser correction. The applied algorithm for the management of patients with combined pathology with pigment dispersion syndrome and myopia is pathogenetically justified, safe, promotes the preservation of visual functions of patients and improves their quality of life.
Comparative Evaluation of the Defocus Curve of Monofocal IOL, Extended Depth of Focus IOL, and Trifocal IOL
Authors: Konovalov M. E. , Morenko A. V.
Published: December 2023

Purpose. Comparative evaluation of the defocus curve (DC) of monofocal IOLs (MIOLs), extended depth of focus IOLs (EDОF) and trifocal IOLs (TIOLs). Patients and methods. We observed 90 patients (average age 57.8 ± 1.8 years) who underwent standard binocular phacoemulsification of cataracts in both eyes with emmetropic “target” refraction and postoperative monocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCVA) of at least 1.0 rel. units. All patients were divided into three groups equal in number of patients, age, gender and visual status, corresponding to three options of implantable IOLs: MIOL (“RayOne Aspheric”, model RAO600C); EDOF (RayOne EMV, model RAO200E) and THYOL (RayOne Trifocal). DC was performed binocularly based on a standard BCVA measurement with an optical load for defocusing from +3.0 D to -4.0 D with a “step” of +1.0 D and -0.5 D. Results. Under conditions of optical defocusing with positive lenses (1.0; 2.0; 3.0 D), all three types of IOLs maintained almost the same average BCVA (at +1.0 D, the BCVA range was 0.72–0.76 rel. units; at +2.0 diopters — 0.66–0.72 relative units; at +3.0 diopters — 0.52–0.56 relative units). In relation to the analysis of BCVA in conditions of defocusing with negative lenses, it was found that visual acuity was significantly better with EDOF than with MIOL, with a load from -1.0 to -4.0 diopters, while these differences were statistically significant and ranged from 0.14 to 0.27 relative units (p < 0.01). Along with this, it was determined that UCVA was significantly better in the group with TIOL than in the group with EDOF, with a load from -2.5 to -4.0 D. Moreover, these differences were statistically significant and ranged from 0.09 to 0.14 rel. units (p < 0.01). Conclusion. The design features of IOLs make it possible to consider implantation of EDOF as an option for an individual approach to the selection of IOLs, especially taking into account the possibility of use in patients whose professional activities involve long-term visual work at intermediate distances (for example, users of personal computers).
The Influence of Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis and Its Treatment on Choroidal Vascular Index
Authors: Sevimli Neslihan , Çallı Ümit , Çoban Fatin
Published: December 2023

Purpose: To evaluate the the effects of seasonal allergic counjunctivitis (AC) and its treatment upon choroidal structure such as choroidal thickness (ChT) and choroidal vascular index (CVI) through the use of topical antihistamine agents. Methods. The 60 eyes of 30 patients were included in the AC group. Another 30 patients were included in the control group. The choroid was imaged by using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) instrument without pupillary dilation. ChT was defined as the area between the outer hyperreflective border of the RPE and the sclerochoroidal border at the fovea, 750 µm temporal to the fovea and 750 µm nasal to the fovea. Image J was used to measure CVI. With the images obtained from EDI-OCT, the total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), and CVI were calculated using the binarization method. Results. The mean ChT value in the AC group was 358.5 ± 93.8 µm at baseline and 356.8 ± 86.6 µm following 1 month of treatment. Meanwhile, the mean ChT in the control group was 316.6 ± 60.7 µm. The mean CVI value was 66.65 ± 2.98 in the control group, 70.75 ± 3.26 in the AC group at baseline, and 69.50 ± 3.17 following 1 month of treatment. Statistically significant difference was tracked between control and AC group (p = 0.028) and control group and posttreatment values (p=0,031). There were no statistically significant difference between initial AC treatment values and posttreatment values for all of the measurements. Conclusion. ChT and CVI can increase in patients with AC due to inflammation and increased vascular permeability. Although symptoms and signs related to AC may disappear after the treatment, effects in the choroid do not immediately normalize.
Clinicopathologic Analyses of Failed Endothelial Keratoplasty (the Clinical Cases)
Authors: Yusef Yu. N. , Fisenko N. V. , Demura T. A. , Osipyan G. A.
Published: December 2023

Purpose: To evaluate the clinicopathologic features of failed endothelial keratoplasty. Methods. In this study 11 patients (11 eyes) with recurrence of bullous keratopathy (BK) were included. Group 1 consisted of 4 patients who underwent repeat Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK), group 2 included 7 patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PK) after failed Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK). Preoperative anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT), RTVue-100, Optovue, USA, was performed. Intraoperatively aqueous humour (AqH) samples were collected for multiplex cytokine analysis. During keratoplasty failed grafts/corneal buttons were obtained and then investigated histologically (hematoxylin/eosin staining, primary antibodies to pancytokeratin, vimentin, collagen III). Results. Recurrence of BK in all clinical cases manifests by the increase of inflammatory factors in AqH, corneal edema, neovascularization and remodeling to fibrosis. Glaucoma may induce DMEK/ DSAEK graft failure due to chronic local inflammation. In the clinical cases recurrence of BK was caused by peripheral and central graft detachment, rebubbling, graft upside-down orientation and donor corneal genetic disorders. Conclusions. Chronic local inflammation (including corneal morphological changes) in patients with BK recurrence is an indication for reoperation. The modification of keratoplasty — DMEK/DSAEK/PK — is determined according to slit-lamp and OCT images of the cornea. High-level risk of immune reaction (especially in cases of three and more times repeated keratolasty) is the reason for systemic corticosteroid and, sometimes, cytostatic therapy.
Removal Large Fragment of Metal Wire from Eye Using Vitrectomy. Clinical Case
Authors: Mashchenko N. V. , Khudyakov A. Yu. , Kolenko O. V. , Sorokin E. L.
Published: December 2023

Purpose. Demonstration of non-standard clinical case of removing large fragment of metal wire from the eye. Patient and methods. Patient, 37 years old, with penetrating right eye injury with intraocular foreign body (IOFB) introduction — a fragment of metal wire. After unsuccessful attempt to remove IOFB during primary repair of eye injuries lacerations by ophthalmologist of the surgical department of the district hospital, he was sent to the Khabarovsk branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution. On admission: VIS OD — 0.01 uncorrected, intraocular pressure (IOP) — 16 mm Hg (noncontact tonometer TOMEY, Japan). OD — metal IOFB protrudes by 1.0 mm from the corneoscleral laceration in projection of corneal limbus at the 13 o’clock position, postoperative aphakia; according to B-scan ultrasonic data: metallic foreign body of linear shape, 14.3 mm long, about 1.5 mm thick. There is hemorrhage in the vitreous cavity. Results. Initially, conditions for visualization of the vitreous cavity were created by performing 25G vitrectomy. The course of wire location was specified: under the choroid and retina, going out through the sclera in the equatorial region. After conjunctival tweezers expanded wound edges, the embedded fragment of wire was delicately remove: 25 mm in length and 2 mm in diameter. A single retinal break was delimited by cryotherapy and laser photocoagulation. On the 2nd day: VIS OD — 0.3 with diaphragm, uncorrected; IOP — 13 mm Hg. After 3 months: VIS OD — 0.01 sph + 13.0 D = 0.7, IOP — 14 mm Hg. Silicone removal was combined with intraocular lens implantation model RSP-3 (+23D). The next day: VIS OD — 0.3 with diaphragm, 0.5 cyl — 6.0 D ax 170 = 0.5; IOP — 16 mm Hg. Conclusion. Use of 25G vitrectomy for removal IOFB localized between the inner membranes of the eye created optimal conditions for visualizing depth of its penetration, which minimized traumatic impact and avoided severe intra- and postoperative complications.
Transformation of Bulgarian 1990s Print Media Cultures: Technology, Cultural Representations, Piracy, and Identity Formation on a Crossroad between the East and the West
Authors: Brankova Alexandra Martin
Published: December 2023

The article investigates the transformation of Bulgaria’s print media culture in the 1990s, a period of profound political, economic, social, and cultural change in Eastern Europe. The paper’s contribution is two-fold. Firstly, it focuses on the convergence of selected Bulgarian newspapers with established and emerging media formats alongside Bulgaria’s position between the East and the West. Secondly, the representations of and discourses about technology during the transition period are analysed and their link with identity formation is explored. I compare two tabloids (Trud and 24 Chassa) with two business-focused broadsheets (Cash and Capital) issued in 1997. Adopting a non-Western perspective by focusing on a case of transitional Eastern Europe, the article offers a snapshot and a reflection on the cultural representations of technologies, discursive identity construction, and media practices of the 1990s. The emergence of the free market and the influx of electronics in Bulgaria affected identity formation as technologies related to notions of modernity, Europeanness, globalisation, entertainment, power, gender, and social status.
Retrospective Technological Mythmaking: Media Discourses of Furby and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Scott D. Travers
Published: December 2023

Recent articles suggesting the late-1990s animatronic children’s toy, Furby, was promoted and perceived as true Artificial Intelligence in 1998-99 are not wholly accurate. In examining 130 North American news stories, Furby is often accurately described as only imitating machine learning. This paper analyses these articles from the perspective of mythmaking in technological culture. In the article, I analyse the media discourses at the time and provide their historical context within North American technological culture, containing events such as the Y2K bug, popular media representations, and the dotcom bubble. I also describe several potent emotional reactions to Furby. However, recent media discourses suggest Furby had been perceived as a panic-inducing new technology, similar to the War of the Worlds radio broadcast and silent cinema train effect, both of which historians have largely discounted. I contribute evidence to the contrary, while acknowledging emotional reactions, which are not necessarily indicators of utopian or dystopian cultural panics, but instead a technological banal. The contemporary mythmaking about Furby is situated as comparable to Foucault’s analysis of myths of Victorian prudishness and silence around sexuality. Retroactive mythmaking risks supporting uncritical perspectives in the present, warranting interrogation of myths about AI as it develops and expands.
From 'Mobile' to 'Really Mobile': Mobile phones in Scandinavian Advertisements from the 1980s
Authors: Jessen Iben Bredahl
Published: December 2023

Mobile phones represent a new era in telecommunications beginning in the 1980s with the development of first-generation mobile phone networks. This article addresses the early history of the mobile phone from a cultural and aesthetic perspective with focus on representations of mobile phones in advertising. The aim is to explore whether images of early mobile phones as trendy and stylish artefacts suggested by examples in a previous study by the author represent a more common aesthetic trend related to advertising and consumer culture in the 1980s. The study is based on a sample of Scandinavian advertisements from 1980 to 1989.
Kunstzinnig vermaak in Amsterdam. Het Panoramagebouw in de Plantage 1880-1935
Authors: Paklons Eleonora
Published: December 2023

Book review of: Sylvia Alting van Geusau and Ester Wouthuysen, Kunstzinnig vermaak in Amsterdam. Het Panoramagebouw in de Plantage 1880-1935 (Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Virtùmedia together with Genootschap Amstelodamum, 2021), 239 pp., ISBN 9789491141270.
Understanding Studies on Consumers’ Food Choices Using Food Choice Questionnaire: A Scoping Review and Bibliometric Analysis (ScoRBA)
Authors: Sudewo Vieri Revaly Prasasta , Suprehatin Suprehatin , Utami Anisa Dwi
Published: December 2023

Since the development of the food choice questionnaire (FCQ) to assess consumers’ food choice motives in 1995, studies using the FCQ have been highly diverse. Despite the abundance of research on the topic, FCQ nevertheless manages to provide deep insights into consumers’ food choices—a crucial aspect for the agrifood industry and the formulation of food policies. This study aimed to analyze science mapping and synthesize research implications on the studies of consumers’ food choice motives using FCQ. In total, 169 FCQ-related journal articles were retrieved from the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases for this study. The data were analyzed using a scoping review and bibliometric analysis (ScoRBA). The findings disclosed a positive trend in research on consumers’ food choice motives using FCQ. Notably, two seminal papers significantly influenced this field. Furthermore, specific research topics emerged and diversified over time, with recent themes encompassing consumer issues, consumer segments, research methods, and contextual factors. Recommendations for future research included: (1) conducting longitudinal studies to bridge the gap between food choice motives and dietary behaviors, with the incorporation of additional new recent factors; (2) longitudinal studies to explore nutrition, psychology, and health study groups in diverse cultural settings and more reliable research; (3) exploring FCQ research through a gender lens within varied cultural contexts, with an expansion of longitudinal research and more parameters; and (4) delving into FCQ research on adolescents, considering various potential influencing factors and utilizing data capable of elucidating causal relationships between variables.
Unleashing the Power of Digital Farming: Local Young Farmers’ Perspectives on Sustainable Value Creation
Authors: Citra Irawan Norbertus , Irham Irham , Mulyo Jangkung Handoyo , Suryantini Any
Published: December 2023

A new challenge has emerged: how to implement innovations in agriculture? The expansion of digital technology has created new opportunities within the agricultural sector, particularly for young farmers, enabling the integration of information and communication technology into digital farming. Employing innovation diffusion theory, this study seeks to ascertain how young farmers perceive the integration of digital technology into various aspects of farming and how these views influence the formation of sustainable value creation. The study area was determined purposively, and this research utilized the case study method by interviewing 80 respondents. The data were analyzed using structural equations and partial least squares models. Using the innovation diffusion theory, the results unveiled that knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation from young farmers significantly and positively affected the sustainable value creation.
Does Household Financial Management of Independent Oil Palm Smallholders Promote Rural Development?
Authors: Nurliza Nurliza , Nugraha Aditya , Muthahhari Morteza , Pamela Pamela
Published: December 2023

Sustainable production by independent oil palm smallholders links to the creation of goods and services using processes and systems that are resource-conserving, economically viable, and socially and creatively rewarding for all working people and consumers. However, there is limited efficiency in financial management and low resource allocation for rural finance operations to support the development of rural economies. This study tried to prove whether household financial management promotes rural development using the theories of transaction cost, financial transaction management, public expenditure management, and a rural development framework. This research was conducted in Sambas District, West Kalimantan, using a mixed method with purposive sampling and structured questionnaires administered to 200 independent oil palm smallholders. Multidimensional scaling and a structural equation model were employed to analyze the data. The results unveiled that household financial management promoted rural development due to its effects on accessibility and infrastructure for market opportunities, basic and public services, and governance regarding participation in agriculture meetings and training by the government. Governance emerged as the most direct effect of rural development as it contributed to livelihoods, community-based economic empowerment, human resources, and rural environmental problems. Operational and risk management came as the most influential factors in household financial management. Government played a role in engaging smallholders in supply chains, access to inputs, and households’ transition in confronting a variety of yields, unstable output and input prices, and changes in production technology. Innovative multi-actor collaborations were required to reinforce and provide a cloak for policy decisions.
Entrepreneurial Dynamics and Typology in Rural Development
Authors: Handono Setiyo Yuli , Hidayat Kliwon , Purnomo Mangku , Toiba Hery
Published: December 2023

The term “rural entrepreneurs (RE)” has become a social and rural development factor in developing countries, particularly Indonesia. This research aimed to analyze the dynamics of rural entrepreneurship and describe the typology of entrepreneurship. This research was conducted in three typologies of villages, such as (1) agricultural industry, (2) agritourism, and (3) traditional area, in Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Data were collected through village observation, in-depth interviews with 90 informants, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The dynamics of rural entrepreneurship were affected by various factors: (a) politics, (b) social networks, and (c) economics. Furthermore, three typologies of RE were identified: (1) political-based RE, (2) economic asset-based RE, and (3) social network-based RE. Meanwhile, entrepreneurs could accumulate rural resources, comprising local government and social-economic networks. In summary, the primary keys to encouraging social development in rural areas were providing access to economic assets and social networks and boosting entrepreneurial spirit.
Succession Process for Sustainability of Family Dairy Farming
Authors: Firman Achmad , Daud Andre Rivianda , Arief Hasni
Published: December 2023

Succession is crucial in the small-scale dairy cattle business, predominantly managed by family members. The process of preparing a successor in a dairy farming family is a challenging endeavor. This study aims to explore the succession process through family business participation, the factors influencing a successor's participation, and succession patterns in family dairy farming. This study employed a quantitative method for multiple regression model and a qualitative method to compile the opinion of the succession patterns. The results revealed the low successor participation index for family business due to restricted time. Six variables significantly influenced successors’ participation in family dairy farms: family size, gender, employment status, number of dairy cattle, age, and farm size. The study’s findings generated two succession patterns: farm transfer and farm handover. The succession patterns preserved the existence of family dairy farms in Pangalengan District, West Java, Indonesia. Therefore, this study suggests to encourage the participation of potential successors to ensure the sustainability of family dairy farming.
The Influence of Spirituality on Academic Engagement through Achievement Motivation and Resilience
Authors: Imron Imron , Mawardi Imam , Şen Ayşenur
Published: December 2023

Academic involvement refers to the active participation of students in the learning environment. There are several factors that directly or indirectly influence students' academic involvement, including spirituality, achievement motivation, and resilience. This research aims to explore the impact of spirituality on academic involvement by examining its relationship with achievement motivation and resilience. The research adopts a quantitative correlational approach and considers three types of variables: independent variables, dependent variables, and intervening variables. The study involves 200 active students from the Islamic Religious Education Study Program at Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang, who were selected using a lottery method. Data collection for this research was done through a questionnaire, and the analysis involved descriptive statistics and path analysis. The findings of the study demonstrate a significant influence of spirituality on students' academic involvement through achievement motivation and resilience. This suggests that spirituality has an impact on both achievement motivation and resilience. Furthermore, the study reveals that achievement motivation and resilience also play a role in shaping students' academic involvement. Overall, the results indicate that spirituality positively affects academic involvement by promoting achievement motivation and resilience. Thus, students with strong spirituality tend to exhibit higher levels of achievement motivation and resilience, which in turn positively contribute to their academic involvement.
Association of postmenopausal bleeding with endometrial cancer
Authors: Begum Sufia , Rikta Shamsun Naher , Rahman Mahin , Areen Samira
Published: December 2023

Background: Uterine cancer, also clinically referred to as endometrial cancer, stands out as the most prevalent cancer within the reproductive system of women. Notably, approximately 80% of women experiencing postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) with an endometrial thickness of ≥4 mm exhibit localized pathological lesions in the uterine cavity. This study aimed to assess the association of PMB with endometrial cancer.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the department of obstetrics and gynecology, delta medical college and hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2018 to June 2019. The study comprised 1000 patients selected through purposive sampling, adhering to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Microsoft office tools were employed for data processing and analysis. The analytical approach employed was descriptive in nature.
Results: The study revealed that the highest percentage of patients (20.20%) exhibited abnormal endometrial hyperplasia, followed by carcinoma cervix (19.2%) and endometrial cancer (16.7%). Additionally, a significant portion of the participants, constituting 40.30%, had co-existing hypertension, while 38.1% had diabetes mellitus, and 34.0% had dyslipidemia. Notably, 65.9% of patients diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma displayed an endometrial thickness exceeding 4 mm.
Conclusions: PMB is not statistically significant for endometrial cancer, but prompt evaluation is essential to exclude malignancy. Transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS) is a reasonable first-line approach, and invasive sampling is recommended when the endometrial thickness exceeds 4 mm.
Relationship of IL-6 and IL-8 levels with tubal ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Kadhim Huda , Khazaali Enas Adnan Abdulrasol Al
Published: December 2023

Background: The frequency of ectopic pregnancy (EP) has increased worldwide during the last 30 years, particularly in underdeveloped countries with low early diagnostic rates. Ectopic pregnancy is the major cause of first-trimester deaths. Interleukins are immunomodulatory cytokines that modulate inflammatory responses and help humans conceive. Aim of the study was to evaluate the predictive value of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in tubal ectopic pregnancy.
Methods: This case control research was undertaken in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Al-Emamein Al-Kadhemein Medical City/Baghdad from January 1, 2022 to January 1, 2023. The study analysed 30 patients with missed cycles, positive β-HCG tests, vaginal bleeding, and ruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy diagnosed via transvaginal ultrasound (group A) and 30 patients with intrauterine missed miscarriage (group B). The control group (group C) included 30 ladies with uncomplicated intrauterine pregnancies of matched gestational age.
Results: Interleukin-6 was substantially greater in ectopic pregnancy than miscarriage and normal intrauterine pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage had higher levels of interleukin-8 than normal intrauterine pregnancy, but there was no difference. Interleukin-6 levels ≥76.1 pg/ml were linked to 90% sensitivity and 85% specificity in predicting ectopic pregnancy. Interleukin-8 was neither sensitive nor specific for ectopic pregnancy.
Conclusions: Measurement of IL-6 may have a predictive value in cases of ruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy. IL-8 was a poor predictor for ectopic pregnancy.
Determinant analysis of baby blues syndrome
Authors: Rahmawati Rahmawati , Purnamasari Nur Indah , Junuda Junuda
Published: December 2023

Background: Psychiatric illnesses that are non-psychotic are one of the most common morbidities of pregnancy and the perinatal period. These disorders include depressive disorders (postpartum blues, postpartum depression), anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and personality disorders. This study aimed to the relationship between family support and the tendency of baby blues syndrome in postpartum mothers in the working area of the Benu-Benua Health Center.
Methods: The research method used is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design which was carried out in June 2020 in the working area of ​​the Benu-Benua Health Center which involved 53 mothers who gave birth and were recorded in the medical records at the Benu-Benua Health Center and families living in the same house with the criteria such as people who live in the working area of ​​the Benu-Benua Health Center and postpartum mothers ≤14 days. Then proceed with bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test to determine the correlation between variables. All tests with p<0.05 were considered significant
Results: The age distribution of respondents, dominant in the range of 18-25 years, female sex, high school education level or equivalent, primipara parity, the family relationship is husband and number of people living in the house >5 people, the dominant type of childbirth is normal, social relations dominantly good, the incidence of baby blues syndrome dominantly experienced baby blues syndrome. The results of statistical tests showed that the variables of education level, employment status, family relations, social support were correlated with the incidence of postpartum blues syndrome.
Conclusions: There is a correlation between education level, employment status, social support, and family relationships with the incidence of baby blues syndrome in the Benu-Benua Health Center working area.
A study of the incidence of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in patients with eclampsia and their fetomaternal outcome at a tertiary care centre in India
Authors: Lewis Preeti F. , Sehgal Roopali , Bavdekar Nitin
Published: December 2023

Background: Hypertensive disorders are one of the most crucial and still unsolved problems in obstetrics. Eclampsia is one of the most serious acute complications of pregnancy, and the risk of morbidity and mortality for both the mother and baby is very high. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is a neurological condition associated with eclampsia that can have severe consequences if not promptly diagnosed and managed. It presents with altered consciousness, acute cortical blindness and convulsions. “Delivery is the ultimate cure of eclampsia” is a traditional belief but it does occur in the postpartum period too.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of medical records was conducted for eclamptic patients admitted to the tertiary care center over a specified period. Patients diagnosed with PRES were identified and their clinical characteristics, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment modalities, and maternal and neonatal outcomes were reviewed.
Results: This study sheds light on the incidence of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in eclamptic patients at a tertiary care center in India. PRES was more common in primigravidas in the younger age group (20-30 years) and patients who presented with multiple seizures, resulting in higher number of cesarean sections.
Conclusions: Early recognition and management of PRES are crucial for improving maternal outcomes. Further research is warranted to refine strategies for timely diagnosis and intervention, ultimately contributing to the reduction of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality associated with eclampsia and its complications.
Bacterial vaginosis: impact of treatment and associated risk factors: a cross section study
Authors: Sharma Meeta , Metre Meena
Published: December 2023

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition caused by an overgrowth of normal vaginal flora. Many socio-demographic factors are associated with bacterial vaginosis. Antibiotic resistance to some organism is a challenge in treatment of bacterial vaginosis.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted including 100 women with reproductive age group presenting with complain of vaginal discharge. After clinical examination, vaginal swab was collected of patients who gave consent for same. Socio-demographic characteristics were recorded and risk factors were assessed. The slide smears were prepared from vaginal swabs, and the slides were heat-fixed, gram-stained and examined under oil immersion objective. Each slide was then graded as per the standardized quantitative morphological classification method developed by Nugent. Identification of bacteria to genus and/or species level was done by employing an array of routine biochemical tests for Gram-positive bacteria for Gram-negative bacteria. In vitro antibacterial susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Sensitivity test results were interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
Results: High incidence of bacterial vaginosis was found among 35 to 45 years age group (63.8%), married females (63.9%), illiterate (100%), females with more than 3 sexual partners (66.7%), those with any co-morbidity (80%) and females not using any method of contraception (100%). E coli (28%) was predominant organism causing bacterial vaginosis followed by Gardenella vaginalis (20%) among the gram-negative bacteria. Among gram positive bacterial S. pyogen (2%) and S. agalactiae (2%) were present. Drug resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethxazole, erythromycin, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone and gentamycin was detected.
Conclusions: Higher age, illiteracy, multiple sexual partners and absence of contraception use can increase risk of bacterial vaginosis. Gram negative organisms are common cause of bacterial vaginosis and they are resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin.
Healthcare professionals’ attitudes and experiences of domestic violence
Authors: Dwivedi Divya , Pandey Uma , Lindow Stephen W. , Narayan Aditi
Published: December 2023

Background: Domestic violence (DV) or intimate partner violence has been declared as public health epidemic by the WHO. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) have an important role in addressing the victims of DV or abuse and are the first to offer them care. Aim of study was to assess the attitude and professional experiences of HCPs concerning DV and their female patients.
Methods: The study is conducted using pre-structured questionnaire and via google form sent to the study subjects through a WhatsApp link on their mobiles. The study population were comprises consultants, resident doctors and nurses. The study subjects’ response about receiving adequate training and their attitude whether enquiry about DV was considered an essential part of their job were the main outcomes.
Results: A total of 392 responses were received. Overall, 50.3% of HCPs agreed that the incidence of DV has increased in the covid era and only 49.2% believe that enquiry about DV is an essential part of their job; 49.0% of HCPs agreed that they are comfortable while asking questions pertaining to DV. Only 17.4% of HCPs received adequate support during training period in regards to evaluating patients with DV.
Conclusions: Training of all HCPs to identify and manage patients with DV is needed in order to deal efficiently with this public health problem. The attitude of HCPs towards DV needs to be addressed.
Efficacy and safety of intravenous paracetamol versus intravenous tramadol for labour analgesia
Authors: Jindal Sania , Goel Poonam , Mitra Sukanya , Pandher Dilpreet K. , Rani Shikha
Published: December 2023

Background: An effective labour analgesia improves maternal and perinatal outcome and improves the course of labour.
Methods: This was a prospective, randomised study done to compare effectiveness and safety of intravenous infusion of paracetamol with tramadol when used for labour analgesia. Group A (25 parturients) received paracetamol 1000 mg and group B (25 parturients) received tramadol 1mg/Kg at 4 to 6 cm cervical dilatation. Visual analogue score for pain was assessed at the baseline, 1 hour and 3 hours of drug administration and was compared between the two groups along with various maternal and fetal outcomes.
Results: The difference in mean Visual Analogue Score (VAS) just before the drug administration was not statistically significant. However, at 1 hour of drug administration, mean VAS was significantly lower in the Group A (4.60) in comparison to Group B (5.82). The mean VAS at 3 hours was slightly lower in group A (6.35) in comparison to group B (6.65), though statistically there was no significant difference. Nausea, vomiting and sedation were found to be more in the tramadol group as compared to paracetamol group. The mean 1 and 5 minute apgar scores were found to be comparable in both the groups.
Conclusions: So, it can be concluded from our study that intravenous paracetamol may be preferred over intravenous tramadol as it is associated with better analgesic efficacy and less maternal side effects. Although both the drugs were found to have good neonatal outcome.
Assessing the safety and efficacy of dinoprostone vaginal insert in pregnancy
Authors: Manickavasagam M. Madhubala , Manickavasagam M. , Ramalakshmi M. , .Jeyajanani R. , Reddy V. Meena
Published: December 2023

Background: Induction of labor (IOL) is a procedure used to achieve vaginal birth when the hazards of extending the pregnancy for either the mother or the infant outweigh the dangers of delivery. It is often used in high-risk pregnancies, although it can also be useful in low-risk groups, as demonstrated by A Randomized Trial of Induction Versus Expectant Management (ARRIVE) study.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among 414 patients at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology tertiary care hospital. The study was conducted for one-year duration in pregnant women with maternal age >18 years, gestational week >37 weeks, and Bishop score <7 was included in the study with no signs of labor. Demographic details such as age, pregnancy history, and mode of delivery were recorded for comparison. Patients with no induction of labor were administered misoprostol and/or dinoprostone based on clinical conditions with further evaluation of maternal complications, delivery time, birthweight of the fetus, and fetal heart rate. Data were analyzed based on percentages and a chi-square test was used (p-value <0.05).
Results: The mode of delivery did not significantly affect delivery outcomes (p=0.354), with assisted delivery being the most common (35.41%). Indication for induction was found to be significant (p=0.034), with non-progress of labor being the most common indication (55.2%). Maternal complications were not significantly associated with delivery outcomes (p=0.390), with 60 (14.49%) patients experiencing complications. The use of misoprostol reported a significant difference between modes of delivery with 74.93% of vaginal delivery, 19.47% with lower segment cesarean section (LSCS), and 5.60% with assisted delivery (p value <0.03).
Conclusions: In low-risk pregnant women, the dinoprostone or misoprostol vaginal inserts are both safe and effective for inducing labor. Nulliparous individuals and those who did not get epidural analgesia during labor had a higher chance of caesarean section.
Association between advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcome
Authors: R. Anusuya , T. Uma , M. Arun
Published: December 2023

Background: AMA (advanced maternal age) is associated with a wide range of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The purpose of this study is to review the impact of maternal age on a range of adverse pregnancy outcomes in order to assist in accurate counselling of women considering delaying pregnancy or those who are already pregnant and concerned about the risk of developing complications due to their age.
Methods: The present study is a prospective cohort study conducted in Sree Avittom Thirunal Hospital, Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, India. The study population was divided into two groups. The exposure cohort included 200 elderly pregnant women (at or above 35 years). The control cohort included 200 younger women (<35 years). The two groups were followed up throughout their pregnancy period and pregnancy outcomes studied.
Results: The mean age of the study group was 37.1 years while the mean age of the control group was 25.2 years. Induction rates were higher among younger gravidae (50%) while Caesarean before labour was higher (p<0.001) in the elderly. Preterm delivery and Caesarean sections were higher (p<0.001) in the study group. However primary CS rates were higher in the control group. PPH was significantly higher (p 0.019) in the elderly group.
Conclusions: It is concluded in the present study that women with advanced maternal age are at higher risk of developing complications during and after delivery. Effective counselling should be given to mothers who plan to delay childbirth.
Functional assessment of daily living activities following surgical management of young-burgess lateral compression type-II pelvic fractures with combined anterior and posterior internal fixation
Authors: Eskander Shah Md. Faisal , Orchi Proma , Mahmud Khaled , Saikat Nurul Mahmud , Rahman M. Ashiqur
Published: December 2023

Background: Fractures of the ischiopubic bones, S-I joint, and sacrum are among the most common bony injuries. Various procedures are available for managing this condition. Biomechanically, internal fixation of both the posterior and anterior lesions can offer complete stability to the pelvic ring. This study aimed to assess the functional assessment of daily living activities following surgical management of young-burgess lateral compression type-II pelvic fractures with combined anterior and posterior internal fixation.
Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Dhaka Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2016 to June 2018. A total of 44 patients with pelvic injuries admitted to the respective department were purposively enrolled as the study population. Data analysis was performed using the MS Office tools.
Results: Most patients (68.18%) continued their jobs with reduced performance, while 22.72% maintained both job and performance levels. Regarding functional assessment, 54.54% could sit pain-free, with only 13.63% experiencing discomfort. None reported painful sexual intercourse. Mobility-wise, no one was bedridden or could only walk a few meters, and 0% needed walking sticks. Additionally, 18.81% could walk for one hour with a stick, while 63.63% had a normal walking distance for their age. No limitations in walking time or distance were observed in 63.63% of cases.
Conclusions: This study concludes that stabilization of LC type-II pelvic ring fractures by anterior, combined, or posterior reconstruction plate provides a good result concerning daily living activities.