bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reasons for the number of insects decrease of the Samara Region (on the example of leaf beetle populations)
Authors: Pavlov Sergey Ivanovich , Yaitsky Andrey Stepanovich , Miniyarov Farit Talgatovich
Published: December 2020

The survival mechanisms of leaf beetles (as typical phytophagous insects, surrounded by a corrosive environment: unstable, rapidly changing climate, decreasing forage, direct action of predators, ecto- and endoparasites, parasitoids, pathogens helminthiasis and entomophtorous, other pathogenic organisms) were studied during 1974-2016 in the Samara Region. 25 background species of chrysomelid beetles (approximately 240 individuals) were used as model objects. In addition to the natural fluctuations of the insect population, 21 causes of sudden increase in the number of local populations of leaf beetles were revealed, as a result of the influence of negative environmental agents, including abiotic (8), biotic (12) and anthropic (1 reason). From 5% to 90% of the leaf beetles population die as a result of unfavorable wintering conditions, sharp fluctuations in temperature and humidity, wind and precipitation; 2 reasons (concerning the resources of the forage base), 2 reasons (caused by the imbalance of the age and sexual structure of the population and therefore low reproductive potential), 2 reasons (determined by the fierce competition of insects and larval cannibalism) and 6 reasons (associated with the influence of predators, parasites and pathogens) are able to withdraw from 2% to 96% of the livestock (eggs, larvae, pupae and adults) of the population. It is concluded that many agents affects the number of insects.
Assessment of the integrated reaction of onions of different types for the action of xenobiotics for use in ecological-genetic monitoring
Authors: Selezneva Ekaterina Sergeevna , Saksonov Sergey Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

The influence of many anthropogenic xenobiotics constantly falling into natural ecosystems is poorly understood, so laboratory experiments are needed to understand the consequences of such actions. It is especially important to study this effect on plants that are unable to avoid uncomfortable conditions. It is necessary to use a variety of test objects and screening tests that give an integral assessment of biological responses. Such tests include the Allium-test, which allows to evaluate toxicity at both the organismic and cellular levels, as well as mutagenicity of xenobiotics. We analyzed the response of three species of the genus Allium (Allium cepa, Allium ramosum, Allium fistulosum) to exposure to alcohol solutions of benzotriazole in extremely low concentrations. This heterocyclic compound is widely used in industry as a light stabilizer for polymers and as an anti-corrosion agent protecting various metals and alloys. The biological activity of two concentrations (0,0001; 0,001 mg/ml) was studied. The solvent was 0,5% isopropyl alcohol. Allium test was used to analyze a biological response of the selected onions. The duration of the experiment was 5 days. The effect of benzotriazole stimulated growth processes in A. cepa and A. ramosum in the lowest concentration and inhibited growth processes in a higher dose compared to the control. Benzotriazole had a stimulating effect on A. fistulosum in both of the concentrations studied, however, the stimulating effect in a high concentration was less pronounced. The solution in low concentration stimulates the proliferative activity in the cells of the root meristem of all species. However, cells of A. cepa and A. ramosum meristem are not sensitive to the action of a higher concentration of benzotriazole solution, unlike A. fistulosum, in which cell division is inhibited in comparison with the control. It was found that A. fistulosum, in which benzotriazole causes a block at the anaphase stage in both concentrations studied, is the most sensitive to the mitosis-modifying action of benzotriazole. In the other two species, only exposure to benzotriazole in high concentration led to inhibition of mitosis at the prophase stage. A.
Features of copper accumulation in the soils of different functional areas of Novokuybyshevsk
Authors: Startsev Alexander Igorevich
Published: December 2020

The vegetation of the Samara Region is characterized by a relatively high content of copper. This biogeochemical feature is typical for natural and technogenic transformed ecosystems of the region. Copper is included in the group of elements of the 2nd hazard class. At certain concentrations it is necessary for the normal functioning of all organisms, but with increasing concentrations in the environment or in food it shows toxicity. The technogenic sources of copper include metalworking and machine-building enterprises, fertilizers, road and rail transport, wastewater, products of incomplete fuel combustion and refining characteristic of the Samara Region. The peculiarities of copper accumulation and distribution in soils of urban areas of the region are insufficiently studied. Previously, such studies were carried out only in certain areas of Samara. The paper analyzes in detail the level of technogenic copper pollution of the soil cover in Novokuybyshevsk. Ecological and geochemical studies in Novokuybyshevsk were carried out for 3 years (2016-2018) on 7 stationary test plots in its different functional areas and on 1 background test plot. The objects of research were soil samples taken from the upper humus horizon (layer 0-10 cm). The quantitative content of copper in soil samples was determined by the method of inversion voltammetry. A comparative analysis revealed territories of Novokuybyshevsk with relatively high, medium and low levels of copper in the soil. The first group included the Park Dubki in its elevated part, the old residential area on Kirov Street, the roadside area at the intersection of Pobeda Avenue and Dzerzhinsky Street (93,3-90,7 mg/kg). The second group with an average copper content (71,0-73,3 mg/kg) included the square Elochki and a new residential area on Ostrovsky Street. The third group with a relatively low copper content (38,3-54,7 mg/kg) included three sample areas: the lowland part of the Park Dubki, the industrial zone and the background area. The concentration of copper in the soils of all studied functional zones in Novokuybyshevsk has not reached the level of approximate permissible concentration (APC), but more than the clark of the world soils and the background indicators. The downward trend in the concentration of copper in the soils of most of the studied functional zones of Novokuybyshevsk in 2018 compared with 2016 and 2017 at the relatively low level of copper content in soils of the industrial area of the city allows to exclude oil refineries from the list of its major anthropogenic sources.
Marine hunting and fishing on the coast of North Fennoscandia before Christ
Authors: Kiseleva Alevtina Mikhailovna , Murashkin Anton Igorevich
Published: December 2020

Archaeological evidence for marine hunting and fishing at the coast of the Barents Sea dates from 5000 cal BC to 0 cal BC/AD, encompassing the Neolithic, the Early Metal Period and the Early Iron Age. Among hunting and fishing equipment are bone and antler harpoon heads, fishhooks and leisters. Four periods of development of the tools were established on the basis of stable occurrence of the artefacts types in complexes (semi-subterranean houses, shell middens, burials). The chronological boundaries of the periods were defined by the radiocarbon dates of this complexes: A - 5000-2500 cal BC, B - 2500-1600 cal BC, C - 1500-1100 cal BC, D - 900 cal BC - 0 cal BC/AD. The primary marine taxa exploited were pinnipeds and cetacean. The marine hunting was supplemented by catching Atlantic Cod and codfishes. Percentage ratio of animal bones from dated complexes indicates that the role of the seal and whale hunting had increased considerably since about 2500 cal BC. This coincides with the appearance of toggling harpoons in hunting equipment. The exploitation of aquatic resources in the Early Iron Age (after 900 cal BC) remained important in the subsistence economy. The transition to a primary exploitation of terrestrial resources at coastal locations is not observed.
The waterfowl image in the art of the Neo-Eneolithic population of the Urals
Authors: Serikov Yuri Borisovich
Published: December 2020

The first generalizing work on waterfowl images in Neolithic art was presented by N.N. Gurina in 1972. Based on numerous findings the author defines their chronology and distribution area, characterizes the features of images and offers reconstruction of the overall picture of the world. At the same time Ural is the easternmost distribution area of waterfowl images marked by only a few finds. Nowadays the situation presented by N.N. Gurina has changed a lot. On the territory of Ural dozens of Neolithic and Eneolithic sculptural images of waterfowls made of stone, clay, bone, horn and wood were discovered. Even more known are the engraved images of birds on ceramic vessels. Practically all those vessels belong to the Eneolithic time. According to the Ural archeologists the image of the bird appeared in different symbolic meanings: the bird was considered to be the main character in the creation of the world; it could have been demiurge, ancestor and progenitor of the genus; the bird is associated with the development of craft cult; it could reflect the calendar symbols. The assumption of N.N. Gurina that the area of distribution of waterfowl images coincides with the area of residence of the population of the Finno-Ugric language group is confirmed.
The state of the craft activity on the territory of Mordovia (at the present stage)
Authors: Kandrina Elena Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

In the following paper the author analyzes the state, prospects and problematic aspects of folk arts and crafts existence in the Republic of Mordovia on the examples of the most significant traditional places of their existence. The author uses her own field data analysis as well as archival documents and researchers materials. The author analyzes transformation of the understanding of the essence and structure of fishing activity in the framework of various historical stages. The place, role, features of folk arts and crafts development in the conditions of an innovative market economy are determined. The main forms of arts and crafts activities for income generation, in which crafts continue to exist are considered. At the present stage, such forms are developed in family contracts, dynasties of craftsmen, among self-employed persons, craftsmen engaged in some kind of applied arts and crafts besides their professional activities. Attention is paid to the production of souvenirs with national symbols as a special type of products in the structure of folk crafts. The paper reflects the main factors which have an effect on the state of various kinds of folk arts and crafts. The fundamental principles that allow to increase the effectiveness of measures aimed at reviving, preserving and developing various types of traditional folk arts and crafts on the territory of Mordovia are formulated.
A systematic approach to schoolchildren’s environmental thinking development and prospective teachers’ training for this work organization
Authors: Lamekhova Elena Anatolyevna
Published: December 2020

The following paper discusses one of the aspects of environmental education. It is related to the necessity to use a systematic approach for schoolchildrens environmental thinking development. The process of environmental thinking development is linked with environmental education implementation. For a long time, environmental education was considered as an integral part of biological education, but now an interdisciplinary approach to this work is considered. Different models of cognition are also considered, the recognition or denial of which influenced the nature of science development and the content of the educational process. Cognitive models in varying degrees, depending on specific conditions, determined the level and nature of ecological knowledge system development. A systematic approach for schoolchildrens environmental thinking development should be based on the main positions, which are the basis of cognitive models that act as paradigmatic methodological guidelines. The implementation of a systematic approach to environmental thinking development proceeds more successfully when using the practice-oriented approach, which lies at the basis of the lesson and students extracurricular activities organization. The above mentioned approach can be now implemented in the form of project development. While working with students - prospective teachers, ecologization of disciplines is widely implemented.
The global goal of media education in the information society
Authors: Pozdnyakova Oksana Konstantinovna , Krylova Elena Leonidovna
Published: December 2020

The following paper actualizes the problem of media education in the conditions of modern Russian society, allowing to master the skills and abilities to work effectively with information. It is substantiated that media education contributes to training the younger generation, first of all, for life in modern conditions, for effective perception of information and its comprehension, for understanding the impact of various types of information on the psyche, as well as for mastering modern technical means of nonverbal communication. The role of media education in the transformation of young people into creators of their own content, their development as harmonious individuals - development of emotions, intelligence, development of worldview, familiarization with moral values. The role of mass media in the development of media culture and information literacy of the population in general and of children and young people in particular is indicated. It is substantiated that the global goal of media education in the conditions of the information society is to build an ideological foundation of society. It is argued that one of the important tasks aimed at achieving the global goal of media education is the formation of patriotism, as one of the basic Russian values. The relationship between patriotic education and the media education process is indicated. The content of the multimedia patriotic media education project (festival) of the federal scale, the First All-Russian Media Competition Russian Cosmos, promotes development of the individual through media, acquires historical knowledge of local lore and familiarizes with the greatest pages of the history of his/her native country. The conclusion is made about the important role of media education for training children, adolescents and young people to live in a new technological structure, to work in conditions of the multipolarity of the virtual world and an endless stream of multidirectional information.
University students’ behavioral culture development by means of personality-oriented education technologies
Authors: Tsepkova Anzhelika Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

The paper substantiates that one of the ways to solve the problem of university students behavioral culture development is to use technologies of personality-oriented education. The specificity of actions-words and deeds-actions in human behavior is indicated. The distinction between the action-operation (considered without regard to its moral and moral significance) and the action-action (considered from the point of view of moral and moral value) is revealed. It justifies the effectiveness of technologies of personality-oriented education to form a culture of student behavior through an appeal to the main provisions of the paradigm of personality-oriented education: a statement on the values of personality-oriented education (personality, culture, creativity), a statement on the goal of a personality-oriented education (education of a culture person whose natural, social and cultural essence is interrelated); position about the functions of personality-oriented education (humanitarian, cultural, integrating). The specificity of personality-oriented education is shown. The triad Task - Dialogue - Game is considered as a base of technologies of personality-oriented education. The author gives examples of games built using the technologies of personality-oriented education and contributing to students behavioral culture development (the game Verbal behavior (confident, uncertain and rude); the game Non-verbal forms of confident, uncertain, rude behavior; the game Self-esteem; discussion game Be able to feel a person next to you; a game-metaphor, a game of self-criticism, a game - the choice of tactics).
Species composition and structure of parasites component communities of tugun Coregonus tugun (Pallas, 1814) from the Khatanga and Yenisei Rivers
Authors: Polyaeva Kseniya Viktorovna , Dorovskikh Gennady Nikolaevich , Chugunova Yuliya Konstantinovna
Published: December 2020

Tugun Coregonus tugun (Pallas, 1814) is an endemic of Siberia. Information about the species composition and structure of tugun parasite community on the stage of spawning migration is described in this paper. We carried out ichtioparasitologic studies in the Yenisey and the Khatanga Rivers in 20112014. Tugun parasite complex from the Khatanga River remains statistically identical in species composition, number of individuals and biomass and differs from those of the Yeniseis tugun over the entire study period. Apparently two different stocks of tugun were investigated in the Yenisei River. One of them lives in the Yeniseis streambed, the other one lives in the Podkamennaya Tunguska River. The composition of the parasitic fauna of tugun from two rivers is formed by generalist species. Tugun parasites component communities from all material collection stations have high values of the Shannon index and two dominant species (by numbers of parasites and by biomass). We found out that the species biomasses differ significantly on the graphic community structure. The description of tugun parasite communities corresponds to characteristic of a climax community on the stage of destruction except the graphic structure. In the analyzed parasitic communities the processes of egg laying and larval appearance, the death of parasites of previous year generation and infection with this year parasites occur simultaneously. The stages of formation and destruction of the community overlap. The described state of tugun parasites communities has an adaptive value. The load on the host body is reduced which ensures the long-term existence of parasites.
Comparison of weed communities organization factors in the Leningrad Region and the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Yamalov Sergey Maratovich , Lebedeva Maria Vladimirovna , Luneva Natalya Nikolaevna , Khasanova Gulnaz Rimovna , Shigapov Zinnur Khaidarovich
Published: December 2020

This paper considers the results of the ordination analysis of weed communities in two regions the Leningrad Region (LR) and the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB). The dataset includes 1726 relevs of the weed communities executed by the authors during 20002018 in cereal and root crops. The calculation of the ecological statuses of communities on 9 scales of D.N. Tsyganov is carried out for ecological characteristics of habitats. The values of the scales corresponding to climatic factors (thermoclimatic scale, cryoclimatic scale, aridity-gumidity scale), edafic factors (salt regime, soil acidity, nitrogen richness, variability of moistening) as well as scales of soil moisture and lightning are attracted to the analysis. The communities ranges on each scale are determined. The detrended correspondent analysis (DCA-ordination) with CANOCO 4.5 software package is used for the identification of ecological patterns of species and communities distribution and definition of the main drivers. It is demonstrated that the sets of the scales reflecting main ecological drivers significantly differ for the compared regions. Only the thermoclimatic scale and the scale of variability of moistening are common for both regions. The scales of nitrogen richness, variability of moistening and cryoclimatic influence generally on floristic composition differentiation in the LR. The scales of aridity-gumidity, the salt regime, lightning, moistening and soil acidity determine the floristic differentiation in the RB. A large number of scales in RB are defined by a variety of zonal vegetation types in the region which are connected with landscapes of forest, forest-steppe and steppe zones as well as a mountain-forest belt of the Southern Ural. The zonal vegetation of LR belongs only to subzones of the southern and average Taiga. The exception is the lightning scale which high values of correlation are connected with a considerable share of sunflower and corn in cultivated crops in RB.
Ceramic materials of the late neolithic – early bronze age of the Podzorovo site on the Upper Don from the excavations by M.E. Foss in 1953
Authors: Zheludkov Andrey Sergeevich , Smolyaninov Roman Viktorovich , Klimkova Irina Viktorovna
Published: December 2020

The following paper analyzes ceramic collection from the excavations by M.E. Foss in 1953 from the Podzorovo site in Michurinsky District , Tambov Region, stored in the collections of the State Historical Museum (GIM 104032, inventory A 833). According to the results of the research, M.E. Foss concluded that there was originally a Late Neolithic site, and then a Bronze Age settlement. At the same time, the ceramics were divided into two groups: Late Neolithic (first of all pit-comb ornamented) and relating to the Bronze Age (other). When reviewing the collection in the light of new knowledge we were able to identify the materials of Dronicha late Neolithic culture, Eneolithic Srednestog culture and ceramics of the Ksizovo type, as well as Repino culture of the early Bronze Age. All of them find numerous analogies in the settlements of Don forest-steppe area. Thus, it was established that only in the Neolithic era early Bronze, the Podzorovo site was settled at least six times. As additional information when describing ceramics, we present data on the results of the technical and technological analysis obtained during the study of ceramics of these cultures and cultural types originating from the settlements of the Upper Don.
Traces of Mahanjar culture in the forest-steppe Tobol region
Authors: Yakovleva Ekaterina Sergeevna
Published: December 2020

The paper summarizes all currently known source data on the Neolithic Mahanjar culture in the forest-steppe Tobol region. Both scattered archival data materials from Ubagan 2,3,5, Ust-Suerka 4 and several others and the results of new archaeological works on such settlements as Kochegarovo 1 and Tashkovo 1 are published, which allows a significant expansion of the periphery of the Mahanjar culture to the north boundaries of the forest-steppe zone of the Tobol region. The western boundary of the periphery requires further work. The author traced geographical dependence in the distribution of materials in the composition of monuments with other Neolithic cultures. Based on the available absolute dates and the fixation of some facts of ceramics stratification, conclusions are drawn about the coexistence of Mahanjar complexes in the Tobol region with carriers of early Neolithic Kozlovskaya and Koshkinskaya and Late Neolithic Poludenskaya and Boborykinskaya ceramic traditions from the end of early Neolithic to the mid of late Neolithic. It is assumed that the spread of the Mahanjar culture in the forest-steppe zone proceeded by including its carriers among the local inhabitants through social ties. The inclusion of the Mahanjar antiquities of the forest-steppe Tobol region in the corpus of sources allows us to expand our understanding of cultural genesis and migrations at the end of the early Neolithic.
The case of Solomon Gertsevich Basin: regional practice of political and ideological campaigns of the second half of the 1940s – early 1950s
Authors: Khramkova Elena Lenarovna , Khramkova Nina Petrovna
Published: December 2020

The paper reconstructs the little-known pages of the biography of the Samara historian, doctor of historical sciences, professor Solomon Gertsevich Basin. The source base for the study was the materials of his personal file, personal files, protocol documentation of the primary party organization of the Kuibyshev State Pedagogical Institute (now Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education), the Frunzensky District Committee of the Kuybyshev CPSU(b) and other documents that were found in the archive and the SSUSSE library, the Central State Archive of the Samara Region and the Samara Regional State Archive of Social and Political History. The focus is on the circumstances of the involvement of S.G. Basin in the well-known political campaigns of the second half of the 1940s early 1950s, the analysis of his case as well as the teachers of the Kuibyshev Pedagogical Institute the most active participants in the fight against servitude before the West, with cosmopolitanism and others. The paper also attempts to clarify the motivation that determined certain actions of the main actors in the context of the ideological influence on the pedagogical intelligentsia in the post-war period. For this purpose, the biographies of some directors, deputy directors, secretaries of the university organization of the party, teachers of the history department of KSPI were studied.
The content of younger students’ spiritual and moral education by means of educational tourism
Authors: Bakurova Tatyana Petrovna
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a systematic approach to the spiritual and moral education of primary school children, which is proposed to implement through a model that includes target, meaningful, subjective and effective components. All components of the model are described. For its implementation, forms of educational tourism were chosen, taking into account the age characteristics of children. The author described how to use different forms of tourism. A tourist activity application algorithm for younger students spiritual and moral education is developed on the basis of a concentricity principle and assumes participation of students parents. The presented model of spiritual and moral education is based on local history material and includes active and interactive forms and methods of work, which allows to develop knowledge as well as experience of moral behavior. The paper describes the modules of the world exploration consistently from exploring the city, the region and the country on the principle of expanding and deepening spiral. The description of each form of educational tourism on the material of Omsk and Omsk Region is given. The author offers options for involving parents, options for creative assignments and final sessions for children. The model is ready for use and can serve as a basis for further research.
Modern formats of methodical training of students majoring in biology
Authors: Mitina Elena Garisonovna , Kryshtop Victoria Anatolyevna
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to the study of students attitude to the process of methodical training in high school. The authors describe some examples of the formatting of the methodological training of biology students, such as the form of education, the educational format, the format of training and others. The authors present the analysis results of student survey about the preferences in choosing one format or another; the principles for the inclusion of new formats in the learning process in higher education institutions were defined. The paper shows that, at the present stage, the formats of methodical training, based on the direct interaction of all subjects of the educational process, are the most demanded ones by students, while learning formats on the Internet space are less attractive for respondents. The authors of the paper, on the basis of students views study, found that the development of other subjects of the educational process and the continuous improvement of their qualifications are most important for the successful formatting of the methodological training of a teacher-biologist. The principles of new formats inclusion into the learning process presented by the authors in this paper focus it on expanding the boundaries of educational systems in accordance with modern trends in education the development, noted in new educational standards.
Development of senior preschool children’s readiness for social orientation in the organizations of additional education
Authors: Ryabova Natalia Vladimirovna , Barcaeva Elena Vasilyevna
Published: December 2020

This paper considers development of senior preschool childrens readiness for social orientation in the organizations of additional education. On the basis of psychological and pedagogical literature analysis the authors substantiate key concepts of the research and consider possibilities of additional education organizations for social activities development. The concept of readiness for social orientation is defined in the logic of socio-cultural, systemic, activity, anthropological approaches and is characterized as a property of the individual, allowing to design an indicative basis of social and household activities and implement all its types. In this paper additional education is considered as a tool for the development of socially significant qualities of the individual, providing social adaptation to the pace of social and technological change. The organization of additional education for preschool children ensures the unity of the processes of education, training and development of the child. The paper presents the results of designing the substantive and procedural aspects of social orientation readiness development. The experimental research was conducted on the basis of the Extended Day Centre in the Mordovian State Pedagogical Institute named after M.E. Evsevyev. In this organization there is a developing educational environment where a complex interaction of experts (teacher-psychologist, teacher-speech therapist, social teacher, teacher-defectologist) provides equal starting opportunities for all children of preschool age in the aspect of social and household adaptation. The study showed that the developed content of the program circle with a focus on social orientation, implemented with preschoolers in the individual and group form of developing methods and means of training, provided the dynamics of mastering the readiness for social activities.
Paleopathological features of the Late Bronze Age population: anthropological skeletal materials excavated from burial grounds near the village of Krasnosamarskoye, Samara Region
Authors: Pererva Evgeniy Vladimirovich , Kapinus Yulia Olegovna
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to the analysis of anthropological skeletal materials related to the Srubnaya culture and excavated in 2010 and 2018 in the mounds near the village of Krasnosamarskoye, Kinelsky District of the Samara Region. One hundred and three skeletal remains were studied. In the course of the examination, a standard program for fixing pathological conditions on human bones was applied. As a result of the work, it was possible to establish that the population of the Late Bronze Age buried in the mounds near the village of Krasnosamarskoe had a high infant mortality rate and a relatively short mens life expectancy. In the studied skeletal series, a specific pathological complex in the dental system is found. It indicates that the diet consisted mainly of meat and dairy. Widespread markers of micronutrient deficiencies in the body were observed on the children bones which is also an indicator of negative environmental and social factors such as famines or parasitic infestations. High frequency of discrete-varying characters on the bones of the postcranial skeleton indicates that a closely related population is buried in the mounds of the Krasnosamarsky IV burial ground. Specific traumatic injuries presence in buried skeletal remains as well as their positive correlation with diseases of the joints and spine allows us to assume its association with domestic or professional economic activity.
The daily life of franks according to written sources at the time of Gregory of Tours: clothing, military affairs, urban life and customs
Authors: Kazakov Igor Valentinovich
Published: December 2020

This paper is a logical continuation of our paper The daily life of Franks according to written sources at the time of Gregory of Tours, I: diseases, medicine, hygiene and food. This paper is an attempt to collect and systematize information about the material conditions of life in the Frankish state of the Merovingians in the 6thcentury in the descriptions of contemporary authors. The choice of the topic is due to the need to compose a complete picture of a persons life from the beginning of the early Middle Ages, which until now has remained poorly researched, unlike the Carolingian period. The sources used are the writings of Gregory of Tours, Venantius Fortunatus, Apollinaris Sidonius, The Chronicle of Fredegar, The History Book of the Franks and others. The paper collects data on the clothes of various population groups, on the weapons and armor of the Franks and the level of military affairs development, on cities and urban life, and some features of the mentality of so far half barbaric society. The collected material allows us to state that: a) the sources of the early Merovingian period, in contrast to the Carolingian era, are distinguished by the extreme scarcity of data in the field of genesis; b) despite a rather primitive look of clothing, it possessed considerable material value, as well as it had a significant essence, c) Roman cities continued to exist on the territory of Gallia, but largely lost their urban character, turning into fortified centers, and c) Christianization had very little influence on the moral character of the Franks; society remained largely barbaric, although some features indicate the beginning of the formation of a new civilization.
The Social Darwinist ideology in American domestic policy at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries
Authors: Mukhataev Pavel Nikolaevich
Published: December 2020

This paper presents an attempt to analyze the interrelation between American domestic policy and the Social Darwinist ideology at the turn of the XIXXX centuries. Soviet and Russian historiography presents a deep analysis of socio-economic and political processes in that period in terms of criticism of liberal ideology and market economics. Significant social stratification was explained by insufficiently developed socially directed normative base, illegal interaction between representatives of large business and politicians, the purpose of which was personal enrichment, etc. In general, the economic and political system of the United States in the late XIX early XX centuries was criticized from Russian scientists. In Soviet literature the conclusion was made about the insolvency of bourgeois ideology, with elements of criticism of Social Darwinism as a minor component of this ideology. American historiography considers the subject of our study more wholly. Foreign historiography, basically, analyzes the connection of American domestic policy with the activities of financial magnates, who were becoming a new serious power in American politics. This paper attempts to explain the connection between the American domestic policy and the Social Darwinist discourse, which was an undoubted part of the intellectual and daily life of citizens in that historical period. The author points to the significant influence of the Social Darwinist ideology in the adoption of key inner-political decisions by the government of the United States.
Domestic topics in satire for news lovers: the possibilities of an adaptation resource (based on periodicals of the Volga city during the First World War)
Authors: Semenova Ekaterina Yurievna
Published: December 2020

The paper explores possibilities of satirical materials as a mechanism for adapting the rear population to everyday living conditions. The themes of household satire, which were developed in printed products produced during the First World War in the cities of the Volga region, are revealed. They are presented in individual satirical publications, as well as in the unofficial periodical press, in the publications of political parties and official authorities. The author analyzed the materials, including domestic satire, in the following areas: providing the population of the rear cities, combating drunkenness, using war for profit, social conflicts, stability of the internal political course, leisure opportunities. It is revealed that in the periodicals that appeared on the territory of the cities of the Volga region, satirical materials were presented by a number of genres:ditty, feuilleton, proverb, parody, cited literary form of prose and verse. The author came to the conclusion about the importance of satirical materials to reflect the everyday problems faced by the urban man in the street. Emphasizing that the source base is indirect, it was suggested taking into account the possibility of the influence of satire on the habituation of citizens reading periodicals to everyday problems associated with the War.
A modern view on service and operational competence development of specialists dealing with hazardous production facilities safe operation
Authors: Panychev Andrey Lvovich , Gorina Larisa Nicolaevna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of the study aimed at improving the quality of specialists training in higher educational institutions who will fork for industrial enterprises where hazardous production facilities are operated. The quality of training depends on the level of industrial safety of hazardous production facilities and as a consequence the likelihood of accidents. At the moment, despite the general trend of reducing accidents at hazardous production facilities over the past ten years, their number remains quite significant. At the same time, social and economic damage from accidents can be estimated at 600700 billion rubles per year, which will have a negative impact on the economic stability of the Russian Federation. The obligations of industrial enterprises where hazardous production facilities are operated and its employees are defined by the legislation. The content of education should take into account these basic requirements, which should be formed into separate themes. Accordingly, the modular principle is used in the design of the training content. The development of content in the form of modules will ensure the organizational and substantive unity of students training. We accept lectures and practical classes, as well as group and individual ones as the main methods of the educational process. Learning the material based on the results of lectures, practical training and self-training should allow students to form the qualities specified in our profesionogram. How the educational material proposed for study is learned should be checked during the control activities, starting from the initial-input control and ending with the final control.
Training programming to prospective IT teachers: tasks with a spiral-increasing complexity
Authors: Pugach Valeriy Isaakovich , Tyuzhina Irina Viktorovna , Makarova Elena Leonidovna
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses one of the urgent problems of prospective IT teachers training the development of a special competence: the ability to use the programming methodology for solving tasks of the school Computer Science course. In contrast to the classical approach in teaching methods, when each topic under the section Programming is fixed by the solution of a number of simple tasks, we propose to solve problems with spirally increasing complexity (such tasks will be understood as large projects, the implementation of which can be improved throughout the study of the programming course, while at each stage the result of the work will be a full-fledged workable program). Any round of the solution, except for the first one, can be omitted without loss of functionality, and each block of the task can be independently evaluated by students. The paper provides an example of such a problem, describes in detail the stages of its solution, as well as the evaluation system. This technique has been tested at Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education with the students majoring in 44.03.01 Pedagogical Education (Computer Science). The proposed method has shown good results both in the field of motivation and in terms of learning.
The impact of project studies while teaching undergraduates on the choice of a master’s program
Authors: Khaertdinova Alfira Anasovna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of the identified internal contradictions of MA and BA courses and the facts that influenced the choice of a masters program on the example of students studying at Kazan National Research Technological University, at Innovation in Chemical Technology Department. One of the features of teaching bachelors at Innovation in Chemical Technology Department was the introduction of project training in the educational programs of the department as part of the university development strategy. The introduction of the project training method affected the degree of teaching students of the department. Students project activities are aimed at revealing their mental and creative abilities, implementing personal leadership or performing skills, applying theoretical knowledge gained to solve problems related to the implementation of innovative projects, assessing their effectiveness and efficiency in practical innovative projects. This type of training allows to teach students to independently develop in the real sector of the economy, as well as to evaluate the knowledge gained during BA course training, as well as to assess the shortcomings and gaps in the field of individual disciplines for the entire period of study. Such a conscious self-esteem is necessary to make a decision on continuing education at a MA course.
A.L. Belgard and N.M. Matveev’s ecological and coenotical groups (coenomorphs) for the forest-steppe and steppe of the Volga River Region
Authors: Nazarenko Nazar Nikolayevich , Pokhlebayev Sergey Mikhailovich
Published: December 2020

The paper examines the coenomorphs scheme of vascular plants species by A.L. Belgard which was introduced for the Volga River Region flora by N.M. Matveev. The coenomorphs scheme assessment has been done for 752 vascular plants species of flora by an expert and statistical approach, which included three variants of classification (by N.M. Matveev and by A.L. Belgard with halophyte and psammophyte groups identification and without it) with the use of discriminant analysis and phytoindication scales. It has been proved that it is possible to rate N.M. Matveevs coenomorphs in phytoindication scales for the forest-steppe and steppe of the Volga River Region. The biotope optimums of coenomorphs are identified for 12 edaphic and climatic factors. It is necessary to specify the halophyte coenomorph as a coenotical group of mesophytic biotopes of basic and alkaline soils with irregular and shallow moisture penetration of root zone and poor carbonate and sulphate salinization and specify the psammophyte coenomorph as a coenotical group of mesoxerophytic biotopes of subacid and poor nitrogen soils. The steppe-ruderal, meadow-ruderal and silvan-ruderal coenomorphs introduced by N.M. Matveev are not specific ecological and coenotical groups, they are not identified as ruderal and their identification as individual coenomorphs dont appear to have sufficient reasons. But these groups can be used as indicators of such biotopes: steppe on poor carbonate soils (steppe-ruderal group), mesophytic meadow (meadow-ruderal group), and not-shade (half-shade and half-light) sylvatic (silvan-ruderal group).
Ecology and distribution of rare lichens of the Chuvash Prisurye
Authors: Sinichkin Evgeny Arkadyevich , Bogdanov Gennady Alekseevich , Dimitriev Aleksandr Veniaminovich
Published: December 2020

The paper contains data about 20 new and rare lichens of the Chuvash Prisurye. 10 lichens are new for the Chuvash Republic, 5 species are new for the Privolzhskaya Upland. The identified lichen species are indicators of old-growth, undisturbed and intact forests that have been preserved in specially protected natural areas. There are 18 species in the National Park Chuvash varmane and 8 species in the State Nature Reserve Prisursky. Geographical coordinates, distribution features in neighboring regions, ecological-substrate and phytocenotic confinement and age status are indicated for each species. The information on the ecology and distribution of rare lichen species is updated. 18 species of lichens (Bryoria nadvornikiana, Br. trichodes, Cetrelia olivetorum, Cresponea chloroconia, Evernia divaricata, Heterodermia speciosa, Leptogium cyanescens, L. saturninum, Nephroma parile, Scytinium subtile, Sc. teretiusculum, Sc. tenuissimum, Usnea dasopoga, Us. florida, Us. subfloridana, Ramalina thrausta, R. sinensis, Xanthomendoza ulophyllodes) are proposed in the new edition of the Red book of the Chuvash Republic with the Status III - rare species. 2 lichen species (Cetraria ericetorum, Lobaria pulmonaria) are classified as category II-vulnerable species, declining in number.
The history of national constructions of 1940 (by the example of the Ferghana Valley)
Authors: Nasritdinov Kabulzhan Makhamadzhanovich
Published: December 2020

Based on scientific, historical and archival sources the author of the paper analyzes the history of developing plans aimed at irrigation of virgin lands in the central part of the Ferghana Valley in the first half of the 20th century by large Russian scientists and specialists. The author also shows a historical picture of the construction of the irrigation facilities of the Ferghana Valley using the high-speed hashar folk method in 1940. With the construction of hydraulic structures such as the northern and southern Ferghana canals, a new stage began in the development of irrigated agriculture in the Ferghana Valley, since the water of these hydraulic structures made it possible to irrigate new virgin lands in the central part and foothill areas of the Ferghana Valley. But it should be noted that these large and complex irrigation canals were constructed by the peoples of Uzbekistan mainly with the use of primitive tools such as a hoe, a crow, a shovel, a stretcher and pickaxes. For nearly 80 years, these hydraulic structures have provided agricultural areas with life-giving water. The author of the paper also summarizes the essence of economic measures carried out by the Soviet government on the development of irrigated agriculture in the valley.
Development of primary school students’ speech-cognitive activity through visual modeling at literacy classes
Authors: Avdonina Anna Yuryevna
Published: December 2020

This paper deals with the urgent problem of primary school students speech-cognitive activity development through an active inclusion of various types of visual modeling in the educational process at literacy classes. Today, the number of children in Russia who are not ready for systematic education exceeds 32%. The researchers consider that excessive intensity of the educational process and the mismatch of technologies and techniques used in teaching to their age and functional capabilities are among the factors negatively affecting the neuropsychic health of primary school students. There are also various deviations and health problems that impede speech skills development by traditional methods. Analyzing the data of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the Federal State Autonomous Institution National Health Medical Research Center for Children on the health status of children aged 6 to 8, school practice as well as scientific and methodological literature on the research topic, the author comes to the conclusion that it is possible and necessary to use a method of visual modeling working with children studying by correctional programs as well as by basic ones, implementing a differentiated approach to learning.