bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eye Movement Classification using Feature Engineering and Ensemble Machine Learning
Authors: Mahmood Hassanein Riyadh , Gharkan Dhurgham Kareem , Jamil Ghusoon Ismail , Jaish Asmaa Ali , Yahya Sarah Taher
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the classification of gaze direction using electrooculography (EOG) signals, integrating signal processing, deep learning, and ensemble learning techniques to enhance accuracy and reliability. A complex technique is proposed in which several feature types are derived from EOG data. Spectral properties generated from power spectral density analysis augment basic statistical characteristics such as mean and standard deviation, revealing the frequency content of the signal. Skewness, kurtosis, and cross-channel correlations are also used to represent intricate nonlinear dynamics and inter-channel interactions. These characteristics are then reformatted into a two-dimensional array imitating picture data, enabling the use of the pre-trained ResNet50 model to extract deep and high-level characteristics. Using these deep features, an ensemble of bagging-trained decision trees classifies gaze directions, lowering model variance and increasing prediction accuracy. The results show that the ensemble deep learning model obtained outstanding performance metrics, with accuracy and sensitivity ratings exceeding 97% and F1-score of 98%. These results not only confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach in managing challenging EOG signal classification tasks but also imply important consequences for the improvement of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) systems, especially in assistive technologies where accurate gaze tracking is fundamental.
Optimizing Switching Activity using LFSR-Driven Logic for VLSI Circuits
Authors: Priya Α. Swetha , Kamatchi S. , Lakshmi Prasad E.
Published: December 2024

In Very-Large-Scale-Integration (VLSI) designs, thorough testing is indispensable for identifying the structural defects of the chip. Timely detection and correcting serious defects are pivotal in preventing faulty chips from reaching customers and avoiding failures. In scan designs, the toggling activity is a critical factor due to the defects between lower cells and metal layers, exacerbated by diverse Process, Voltage, and Temperature (PVT) conditions. These defects significantly impact design testability, quality, and reliability, necessitating meticulous testing to ensure that chips meet the desired specifications. Effectively managing power consumption in the current VLSI landscape is crucial amid the ongoing energy crisis. Balancing the need for Low-Power (LP) with the complexity of integrating transistors onto a single silicon substrate poses significant challenges. As chip densities increase, power dissipation during testing surges, adversely affecting durability, performance, cost, and reliability. Engineers are racing to optimize test power usage, employing advanced Design for Test (DFT) techniques to incorporate efficient power management into Silicon-on-Chip (SoC) designs. Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs) are phenomenal in addressing DFT parameters like power, and performance, and for better pseudo-random pattern generation. Hence, this paper proposes a groundbreaking approach to power reduction techniques deploying the LFSR architecture, and thus challenging conventional scan-based testing methods. The proposed LFSR architecture is meticulously designed and rigorously tested using Cadence DFT Modus solution on ISCAS’89 benchmarking circuits. Coverage was unequivocally evaluated for Quality of Results (QoR) metrics, such as fault coverage, memory usage, pattern counts, switching activity, fault testing, and runtime. The specific evaluation clearly proved the superiority of the LFSR-based approach over the scan-based architecture. Adopting the novel LFSR architecture resulted in a ~5.6X reduction in toggling activity accompanied by a substantial ~10K pattern reduction and a runtime of nearly ~1.5 hours. Notably, the test power was reduced to 50% showcasing superior efficiency. This approach emerges as the ideal solution for industrial designs providing the best QoR for power, performance, and area. This innovative methodology marks a significant leap toward an energy-efficient and cost-effective VLSI circuit especially for stacked 2.5-3D ICs and chiplets poised to revolutionize chip manufacturing.
Swin Transformer with Enhanced Dropout and Layer-wise Unfreezing for Facial Expression Recognition in Mental Health Detection
Authors: Mujiyanto Mujiyanto , Setyanto Arief , Kusrini Kusrini , Utami Ema
Published: December 2024

This study presents an improved Facial Expression Recognition (FER) model using Swin transformers for enhanced performance in detecting mental health through facial emotion analysis. In addition, some techniques involving better dropout and layer-wise unfreezing were implemented to reduce model overfitting. This study evaluates the proposed models on benchmark datasets such as FER2013 and CK+ and real-time Genius HR data. Model A has no dropout layer, Model B has focal loss, and Model C has enhanced dropout and layer-wise unfreezing. Model C was the best among all proposed models, achieving test accuracies of 71.23% on FER2013 and 78.65% on CK+. Weighted cross-entropy loss and image augmentation were used to handle class imbalance. Based on Model C emotion predictions, a scoring mechanism was designed to analyze employees' mental health for the next 30 days. The higher the score, the higher the risk of mental health. This study demonstrates a practical version of the Swin transformer in FER models for detecting and early mental health intervention.
A Low-Profile Reconfigurable Wide Band BPF with RF-MEMS Switches for 5G/ Satellite Applications
Authors: Velagaleti Surendra Babu , Nalluri Siddaiah
Published: December 2024

A low-profile wide-band tunable semi-circular cavity BPF is designed and analyzed in this work. RF-MEMS switches were utilized on either side of the 50 Ω microstrip transmission lines to provide reconfigurability. BPF tunability is achieved when the two switches travel from upstate to downstate in an electrostatically activated shunt capacitive shunt type RF-MEMS switch. The switch has a capacitance ratio of 10 and operates at a transition time of 30 μS with an actuation voltage of 6.5 V to move it downward. This is suitable for 5G wireless communication applications (n77, n78, and n79) as well as C-band applications. Return loss of -22 dB is obtained at 3.7 GHz when the switch is in the ON state, while reflection co-efficient of -32 dB is obtained at 6.7 GHz when the switch is in the OFF state. When both switches are ON or OFF, a bandpass filter provides a 3GHz frequency shift. The frequency range where BPF is intended to operate, which is adjustable for various purposes, is 1–10 GHz. The characteristics of the switch were investigated by simulating its design in COMSOL Multiphysics and the outcomes were contrasted with theoretical computations. The adjustable properties of the BPF have been observed and shown using the HFSS v 13 tool.
An Efficient Model for Lung Cancer Detection through the Integration of Genetic Algorithm and Machine Learning
Authors: Alsulami Abdulaziz A.
Published: December 2024

Prompt lung cancer detection is essential for patient health. Deep Learning (DL) models have been intensively used for lung cancer screening, as they provide high accuracy in diagnoses. However, DL models require significant computational power, which may not be accessible in all settings. Conventional Machine Learning (ML) models may not produce high prediction accuracy, especially with large data. This study uses a Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach to select optimal features from lung cancer images and reduce their dimensionality. This allows conventional ML models to achieve a high prediction accuracy when classifying medical images while using lower computational power compared with DL models. The proposed model integrates GA along with ML for lung cancer detection. The experimental results show that using GA with a feed-forward neural network classifier achieved high performance, reaching 99.70% classification accuracy.
Deterioration Analysis of Pavement Structures Incorporating Polymer-Modified Asphalt
Authors: Nguyen Van Bich
Published: December 2024

It is well-established that structural pavement deterioration is largely influenced by the frequency and magnitude of wheel loads. Furthermore, Polymer-Modified Asphalt (PMA) has gained a widespread application in pavement engineering, as the incorporation of polymers enhances the mechanical properties and improves the overall performance of the pavement, particularly with regard to fatigue resistance. In this study, an experimental program was conducted, comprising the Beam Wheel Tracker Fatigue Test (BWTFT), the Indirect Tensile Stiffness Modulus (ITSM) test, and the Indirect Tensile Fatigue Test (ITFT), on three types of asphalt mixtures: one conventional and two polymer-modified asphalt mixtures, under various conditions. Three distinct pavement structure scenarios were assumed/created/built to perform a deterioration analysis. Subsequently, an iterative approach was developed utilizing the average stiffness reduction and stiffness modulus data obtained from the laboratory results. The findings indicated that this method allows for a more accurate simulation of pavement behavior, confirming that strain levels fluctuate throughout the lifespan of the pavement. Furthermore, the study concluded that the use of PMA provides significantly greater benefits when a deterioration analysis is conducted, compared to traditional approaches.
Enhancing Elevator Ride Quality through Vector Control Techniques and S-Curve Profiles
Authors: Ali Ali Abdulkareem , Ben Salem Fatma , Mohammed Jamal A.-K.
Published: December 2024

This study examines motor drive techniques, including Field-Oriented Control (FOC), sensorless FOC, and Direct Torque Control (DTC), to improve elevator ride quality by reducing jerk-sudden changes in acceleration that cause discomfort. A 200 cm tall prototype elevator system was developed, using S-curve velocity profiles alongside the considered control strategies. The system includes a TMS320F28379D DSP-controlled induction motor, sensors, and an encoder to assess performance. Results show that FOC with S-curve profiles reduces jerk by 72–73%, significantly improving comfort compared to the standard trapezoidal profile. Sensorless FOC reduces jerk by 68–71%, providing a cost-effective option, though it faces challenges during downward motion under load. DTC, reduces jerk by 65–68% and results in less smooth travel, especially during downward movement. In comparison, the trapezoidal velocity profile produced higher jerk levels and less ride comfort. This study emphasizes the critical role of control technique selection in enhancing elevator comfort and efficiency.
Enhancing Healthcare Monitoring: A Deep Learning Approach to Human Activity Recognition using Wearable Sensors
Authors: Alshammari Sami Aziz , Albalawi Nasser S.
Published: December 2024

Wearable devices and deep learning methods for Human Activity Recognition (HAR) have attracted a lot of interest because they could change healthcare monitoring. This study presents a CNN-LSTM model to accurately and reliably detect human movements from smartphone sensor data. The proposed model takes advantage of both the strengths of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks for modeling time and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for extracting features from space. This enables determining how the input data change over time and space. This study examines whether this method can work and is practical in real-life healthcare settings, focused on uses such as watching patients from distance, caring for the elderly, and therapy. The proposed model was evaluated on publicly accessible standard datasets. Various architectural configurations and hyperparameters were examined to determine their performance. The proposed CNN-LSTM model performed well and has great potential for practical use in activity tracking and environment understanding systems.
A Hybrid Machine Learning Model for Market Clustering
Authors: Gustriansyah Rendra , Alie Juhaini , Suhandi Nazori
Published: December 2024

Market clustering is increasingly important for companies to understand consumer shopping behavior in the context of complex data. This study aims to develop a hybrid model that integrates Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and k-medoids to enhance market clustering based on consumer shopping patterns. The methods used include data preprocessing, PCA application for dimensionality reduction, and clustering using k-medoids. The quality of the clusters is evaluated with various validity indices. The results show that the hybrid model produces clusters with better quality compared to the single k-medoids method, as seen from the Calinski-Harabasz Index (CHI), theSilhouette Width (SW), and the Davies-Bouldin (DB) index. The implications of these findings emphasize the importance of adopting hybrid methods in marketing strategies to improve understanding of consumer behavior dynamics and allow companies to adjust their marketing strategies more effectively. This study provides a strong foundation for further development in clustering analysis across various industry sectors and highlights the potential for innovative techniques to address dynamic market challenges.
Gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos e geração de energia elétrica: uma análise baseada no uso integrado de recursos
Authors: De Souza Ribeiro Sara , Quadros Borges Fabricio
Published: December 2024

Este artigo tem por objetivo, analisar a proposta da gestão integrada de recursos (GIR) como estratégia para a combinação entre a coleta de resíduos sólidos urbanos e a geração de energia elétrica complementar para transformações produtivas na microrregião de Belém-PA. A metodologia ocorreu por meio de coleta de dados a partir de pesquisa documental, bibliográfica e de campo; o tratamento de dados deu-se por meio da construção de dois Corpus: legislação e entrevista, com auxílio do software IRAMUTEQ; e, a análise de dados realizada decorreu mediante a técnica de análise de conteúdo. O estudo concluiu que a GIR pode contribuir para uma combinação estratégica entre a coleta de RSU e a geração de energia elétrica complementar para transformações produtivas na microrregião de Belém-PA, por meio da reestruturação dos processos tradicionais de gestão de recursos locais em direção a importante estratégia de ecodesenvolvimento e no desenvolvimento durável, associada a implementação de decisões mais assertivas para a implantação de consórcio municipal com a gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos.
Agentes produtores do espaço urbano: o caso do município de Novo Hamburgo – Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Silva dos Santos Emilio Luis , Marques Strohaecker Tânia
Published: December 2024

Todas as cidades são carregadas de contradições. Novo Hamburgo, por exemplo, constitui-se em uma cidade média da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RMPA) no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O município surgiu com a colonização alemã no início do século XIX, passou por uma fase de expansão industrial no século XX e enfrentou a desaceleração econômica com a concorrência nacional e internacional no final desse mesmo século. Todos esses processos fizeram aflorar as contradições entre os diferentes agentes produtores do espaço urbano que disputam sua hegemonia. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa busca identificar e problematizar sobre a ação dos principais agentes produtores do espaço urbano em Novo Hamburgo, bem como descrever suas principais características. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi elaborada através de levantamento de dados bibliográficos, documentos oficiais, trabalho de campo e consolidação dos dados em gabinete. O trabalho mostrou as contradições e os interesses entre os diferentes agentes produtores do espaço urbano, tendo o Estado como o principal agente na constituição e expansão urbana do município.
O processo de demarcação de Terras Indígenas e os territórios ancestrais: a retomada Kaingang Kógũnh Mág em Canela - RS
Authors: Wienskoski Araujo Rodrigo
Published: December 2024

O processo de demarcação de terras indígenas é um assunto que gera muitas controvérsias. Os povos originários nunca desistiram de seus territórios, e vários grupos iniciaram movimentos independentes pela demarcação de suas terras, como a retomada Kógũnh Mág, que buscam demarcar os territórios Kaingang no entorno da FLONA de Canela. As atividades foram realizadas através de trabalhos de campo e levantamento bibliográfico, com posterior sistematização em gabinete. A organização dos resultados foi realizada através da técnica de pesquisa conhecida como análise de conteúdo, com três etapas básicas: pré-análise, códigos e categorização dos dados e análise e interpretação das categorias. A pesquisa mostra que a demarcação de terras indígenas, mesmo seguindo uma visão territorial restritiva do colonizador, foi um processo assimilado de forma consciente pelos povos originários, uma estratégia para restabelecer, fortalecer e construir vínculos territoriais, em que novas territorialidades surgem em torno da retomada dos territórios originários.
Palavras-chave: Povo Kaingang; Retomada Kógũnh Mág; FLONA de Canela; Terra Indígena; Vínculos Territoriais.
Análise geoambiental da zona costeira de Esplanada, Bahia
Authors: Santos Ana Caroline de Souza , Souza Nilmara Saturnino de , Almeida Junior Marcus Vinicius Costa
Published: December 2024

A zona costeira é uma região próxima ao litoral com alta concentração populacional, o que gera problemas ambientais. Para gerenciar melhor o território e mitigar esses impactos, é necessário coletar informações por meio de estudos técnicos-científicos, como o zoneamento geoambiental. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar o zoneamento ambiental considerando fatores abióticos e bióticos, com intuito de colaborar com a gestão territorial através do mapeamento geoambiental e atividades de campo. Com base nos resultados obtidos, a área de estudo foi subdividida em seis zona distintas, tendo como critério a geologia local. Essas zonas incluem zona 1 (formação barreiras, embasamento cristalino e paleodunas), zona 2 (zona úmida), zona 3 (duna ativa), zona 4 (duna fixa), zona 5 (faixa de praia), zona 6 (terraços marinhos). Essa abordagem proporcionou uma compreensão mais aprofundada do terreno, permitindo a verificação direta das características e elementos presentes na área de estudo.
Classificação das unidades climáticas do Maciço da Pedra Branca – Rio de Janeiro, RJ
Authors: Souza da Silva Michele , Castilho da Costa Vivian
Published: December 2024

Na atualidade, debate-se sobre a importância que o clima exerce na organização da sociedade, e principalmente em relação as mudanças climáticas observadas no século XXI. Assim, compreender as particularidades dos diferentes tipos de climas torna-se relevante para ações de planejamento e mitigatórias. Desse modo, o presente trabalho apresenta a classificação das unidades climáticas, de acordo com Novais (2019), aplicadas ao Maciço da Pedra Branca, localizado na zona oeste do município do Rio de Janeiro – RJ, sendo considerado um importante fragmento florestal em área urbana. A delimitação dos diferentes tipos de climas que foram encontrados no maciço correlaciona-se com os dados referentes à radiação solar global e temperatura superficial. A pesquisa contou com as etapas de elaboração do mapeamento de radiação solar global e a temperatura superficial, e posteriormente foram realizadas as delimitações das unidades, conforme as hierarquias estabelecidas por Novais (2019). Os resultados encontrados demonstraram as diferenças de temperatura e umidade nas vertentes leste, oeste e norte do maciço da Pedra Branca. As vertentes oeste e norte apresentaram climas mais secos, enquanto a vertente leste com predomínio de climas mais úmidos.
Does a Name Make a Difference? Teaching Random Selection in the Classroom
Authors: Singhroy Venessa , Robertson Rommel , Stroumbakis Kostas
Published: December 2024

In Statistics education, it is crucial to emphasize the foundational significance of random selection, which underpins statistical methodologies and ensures unbiased representation of populations in samples. However, students often struggle to grasp the concept’s complexities, leading to challenges in applying random selection methods effectively. This paper examines the gap between students’ theoretical understanding of randomness and their practical application of this concept. Using an Explanatory Sequential Design, this study presents an instructional activity aimed at teaching the concept of randomness in the selection process and proposes modifications to enhance student comprehension. The activity, implemented in undergraduate Statistics and Psychology courses, involved a name selection exercise designed to highlight the inherent biases in human decision-making. Despite students’ initial recognition of the lack of randomness, evidence provided through the seemingly innocuous task of selecting names underscores how easily humans struggle with true random selection, indicating a need for deeper understanding. This activity can be used outside stats classrooms by instructors wishing to incorporate statistical reasoning in their lessons. Through qualitative analysis, it was revealed that students overlooked the introduction of statistical bias through specific selection criteria. This finding underscores the difficulties students face in achieving true randomness when applying the concept in practice. The paper encourages the use of a multi-method approach that integrates qualitative insights and quantitative analysis to enhance student comprehension. By adopting this approach, educators can better equip students to recognize and mitigate biases, thereby improving the efficacy of statistical reasoning instruction.
Impact of Market Analysis on the Competitiveness of Small Businesses in South Africa
Authors: Nkwinika Sthembiso Eugine Rodney , Obokoh Lawrence
Published: December 2024

Due to vulnerability to risks connected with macroenvironmental variables, one of the causes restricting the ability to compete, small businesses are particularly affected by environmental uncertainty. Lack of marketing expertise leads to low-quality items, a lack of competitive awareness, lousy distribution, poor promotion, a lack of pricing strategies, and inadequately positioned businesses. This study examined the impact of market analysis on the competitiveness of small businesses in South Africa. Phenomenological (qualitative) approaches were used to address the lack of market analysis affecting small businesses to understand how detrimental towards ability to compete. According to exploratory research, one of the negative factors limiting small business competitiveness in South Africa is a lack of strategic plan. Semi-structured interviews were one of the data collection methods employed in the study. The results showed the impact of the inadequacy of market analysis on the competitiveness of small businesses. The study concludes that market analysis is essential for the competitiveness of small businesses. To eliminate gaps in the inadequacy of market analysis that negatively impact business competitiveness, the study suggested that business owners obtain industry reports from industry regulation bodies, statistical entities, feedback information from targeted businesses' social media pages and consumer complaints websites.
olhar para os estudos sobre as políticas de combate à fome do Brasil
Authors: Campos Francieli do Rocio de
Published: December 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as contribuições das publicações científicas nacionais e internacionais sobre os efeitos e os resultados das políticas públicas de combate à fome implementadas no Brasil no período de 2010 a 2020. Esta revisão integrativa foi realizada com 28 artigos científicos que apresentavam metodologias de caráter experimental ou quase-experimental e cujos resultados apontaram ações voltadas para a insegurança alimentar, para a desnutrição, para o nanismo, para o consumo alimentar e para a renda. Como principais achados, pode-se destacar que houve artigos com ações voltadas para a ajuda alimentar e para a alimentação escolar, também com maior ênfase na assistência social. Sendo assim, as pesquisas apontaram desafios nos contextos prático e teórico das políticas públicas. Além disso, as evidências mais consistentes desses artigos demonstraram o efeito positivo de ações de combate à fome, as quais dizem respeito às intervenções de transferência de renda, tendo como carro-chefe o Programa Bolsa Família.
Wireless-Enabled Machine Learning Integration for Enhanced Lung Cancer Detection via Electronic Nose VOC Sensors
Authors:   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Periyar Nagar,  Vallam, Thanjavur, India, G Nagadevi. , S. K Nandhakumar. ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Anna university, Chennai, India, Priya S. K. ,   Department of Biotechnology, Bharath college of science and management, Thanjavur, india, Narmadha C. ,   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Periyar Nagar,  Vallam, Thanjavur, India
Published: December 2024

Advancements in technology and data analysis are crucial for developing non-invasive methods for early lung cancer detection. This paper proposes a novel system integrating wireless-enabled machine learning, specifically logistic regression models, with electronic nose volatile organic compound (VOC) sensors to enhance the accuracy of lung cancer detection. The electronic nose enables rapid and non-invasive analysis of VOC profiles, while logistic regression models offer robust classification capabilities. Wireless communication integration facilitates remote monitoring and data transmission, ensuring seamless implementation in clinical settings. A logistic regression model utilizing a comprehensive dataset of VOC profiles from lung cancer patients and healthy individuals demonstrates significant accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in distinguishing between VOC profiles associated with lung cancer and those of healthy individuals. This integrated approach aims to enable earlier diagnosis and improve patient outcomes.
GESTÃO ESCOLAR: O PAPEL DO GESTOR ESCOLAR DA ESCOLA MUNICIPAL DE EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA PROFESSOR DIVALDO SURUAGY
Authors: Antônio Neto Sebastião
Published: December 2024

The study aimed to make a reflection and analysis about what it is, and how it is applied to School Management in the Municipal School of Basic Education Professor Divaldo Suruagy. In this sense, it was possible to make an analysis with regard to the role of the Manager, his performance in the institution, his attitudes towards the challenges encountered, his interaction with other employees and with students. In this study, we sought to comprehensively understand and highlight the role of the manager in the contribution of a quality school, which favors the teaching and learning of students, with the specific objectives of understanding management and discussing the conceptions of school as an organization, highlighting their purposes and functions. Finally, the work provided an analysis that the work of the manager is broad before the institution in which he work, aiming to grant the school community a quality school.
El programa sembrando vida y el impulso a las acciones de ahorro en tres municipios de Veracruz, México
Authors: Toiber Rodríguez Ingrid Anaid
Published: December 2024

En el marco de la administración federal de Andrés Manuel López Obrador, en diciembre de 2021 fue publicado el Programa de Fomento a la Economía Social 2021-2024, el cual señala que, a través del Programa Sembrando Vida, se buscará impulsaracciones de ahorro, producción y consumo desde las prácticas de la economía social para optimizar el aprovechamiento de los ingresos de sus beneficiarios. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si el Programa Sembrando Vida ha incidido positivamente en la formación de la cultura del ahorro entre las mujeres y hombres beneficiarios de dicho programa, a partir de la retención obligatoria de un porcentaje del subsidio mensual que reciben de forma individual. Para ello, se encuestó a 30 personas beneficiarias en tres municipios del estado de Veracruz que ya habían recibido el monto ahorrado o que estaban a punto de recibirlo. Los resultados muestran que solo cinco personas seguirán conservando como ahorro una proporción del monto total acumulado que recibieron, sin embargo, la mayoría de las personas encuestadas (86.7 %) tienen la intención de seguir ahorrando, aunque ya no estén obligadas a ello, lo queindica que se ha incentivado una cultura del ahorro individual.
Kısraklarda Embriyo Mortilitesi
Authors: Özmen Büşra , Doğan İbrahim
Published: December 2024

At yetiştiriciliğinde en temel hedeflerden biri her damızlık kısraktan yılda bir canlı tayın doğmasıdır. Her ne kadar basit bir hedef gibi görünse de, kısraklarda uzun gebelik süresi ve sınırlı üreme sezonu gibi fizyolojik koşullar bu hedefe ulaşmayı zorlaştırır. Reprodüksiyonun kontrolü ve monitörizasyonu için geliştirilen teknikler, kısraklarda üreme verimliliğini artırsa da embriyonik kayıplar günümüzde hala bir paradoks olarak varlığını sürdürmektedir. Kısraklarda embriyonik dönem, 40 günlük süreyi kapsar, bu dönemdeki ölüm oranı değişken popülasyon ve metedolojiye göre %5-24 arasında değişkenlik gösterir. Etiyolojik faktörler internal, eksternal ve embriyo kaynaklı olmak üzere üç ana başlık altında sınıflandırılmıştır. Embriyonik ölümlerin en güvenilir teşhis yöntemi transrektal ultrasonografidir ve tanı, daha önce görüntülenmiş konseptusun ardışık iki muayenede görüntülenememesi prensibine dayanır. Embriyonun düzensiz şekli ve boyutu, ovulasyondan 16 gün sonra vezikülün hareketliliği, endometriyumda aşırı ödem ve sıvı birikimi gibi ultrasonografik bulgular embriyonik kayıplara işaret edebilir. Embriyonik gelişimin monitorizasyonu, etiyolojisi kaotik olan embriyonik ölümlerin tanısında ve fetilitenin kontrolünde hekimlere operasyonel bir çözüm sunar.
Climatic and Societal Impacts of Volcanic Eruptions in the Western Han Dynasty (206 BCE–8 CE): A Comparative Study
Authors: Yang Zhen , Ludlow Francis
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The Western Han dynasty (206 BCE–8 CE) experienced periods of extreme climate, accompanied by the evolving concept of the “mandate of heaven” that shaped societal response to disasters. While recent studies suggest that certain climate anomalies during the Han era are related to the atmospheric impacts of explosive volcanic eruptions, this paper employs both quantitative and qualitative methods to establish these associations more systematically. It categorizes and quantifies climatic stressors and selected societal events and applies superposed epoch analysis to examine the timing and statistical significance of their potential associations with ice-core-based dates of explosive eruptions. The paper then selects two historical periods, 180–150 BCE and 60–30 BCE, and offers a comparative analysis of recorded climatic and societal stresses, atmospheric optical anomalies, and societal responses to consecutive natural disasters. These periods are chosen because of the occurrence of massive volcanic eruptions known from polar ice-cores. For instance, in 43 BCE, when the Okmok volcano in Alaska erupted, a pale-blue sun and extreme summer cold are documented. Similarly, ice-cores identify a cluster of substantial eruptions in 168 BCE, 164 BCE, 161 BCE and 158 BCE that may have heavily impacted societies such as Egypt. Comparing the responses to the disasters of these periods also allow us to incorporate historical materials not suitable for quantification and to evaluate the effectiveness of Han dynasty disaster prevention and mitigation measures, thereby identifying factors that may contribute to better resilience to sudden and drastic environmental changes.
Multilevel Monte Carlo methods for ensemble variational data assimilation
Authors: Destouches Mayeul , Mycek Paul , Gürol Selime , Weaver Anthony T. , Gratton Serge , Simon Ehouarn
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Ensemble variational data assimilation relies on ensembles of forecasts to estimate the background error covariance matrix B. The ensemble can be provided by an Ensemble of Data Assimilations (EDA), which runs independent perturbed data assimilation and forecast steps. The accuracy of the ensemble estimator of B is strongly limited by the small ensemble size that is needed to keep the EDA computationally affordable. We investigate here the potential of the multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) method, a type of multifidelity Monte Carlo method, to improve the accuracy of the standard Monte-Carlo estimator of B while keeping the computational cost of ensemble generation comparable. MLMC exploits the availability of a range of discretization grids, thus shifting part of the computational work from the original assimilation grid to coarser ones. MLMC differs from the mere averaging of statistical estimators, as it ensures that no bias from the coarse resolution grids is introduced in the estimation. The implications for ensemble variational data assimilation systems based on EDAs are discussed. Numerical experiments with a quasi-geostrophic model demonstrate the potential of the approach, as MLMC yields more accurate background error covariances and reduced analysis error. The challenges involved in cycling a multilevel variational data assimilation system are identified and discussed.
Mary Shelley Biopic (2017): A filmic discourse analysis
Authors: Araujo Thanya , Silva Lívia Fernanda
Published: December 2024

This work analyzes the discourses that compound Mary Shelley biopic (2017), concerning male domination and female resistance. To do so, the specific objectives are: to verify how this domination permeates the main character with a view to publish her work Frankenstein; identify the elements that cross the relation author-character in the biopic; describe these elements into categories within a filmic discourse analysis. The theoretical-methodology contribution is Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), within the dialectical-relational developed by Fairclough (1989; 2001) in conjunction with the filmic analysis. The corpus of the analysis is constituted by 02 long takes. It is used the Bakhtinian categories (2003), which are dialogism, polyphony and alterity, followed by the categories of Fairclough (2001), which are intertextuality and presupposition.
Calcutta Through Different Lenses: Revisiting India in Jean Renoir’s The River and Satyajit Ray’s The Apu Trilogy
Authors: Chakraborty Ayush
Published: December 2024

The Orientalist discourse has fostered a version of the East that, for ages, have seamlessly permeated into the various attempts of the West to portray the ‘Orient’. One such attempt is Jean Renoir’s “authentic” portrayal of India for a by-and-large Hollywood audience, The River (1951) shot entirely in Calcutta. Inspired by Renoir, Satyajit Ray presented his version of Calcutta through The Apu Trilogy (1955-’59) which was in stark contrast to Renoir’s portrayal of the city. This paper seeks to explore how Renoir and Ray portray two different Indias – one smeared with a colonial perspective while the other breaks out of the West-imposed binaries to offer something more tangible – and how these marked differences are reflected through their respective filmmaking processes.
Opening up Higher Education: Understanding and Improving Student Engagement
Authors: Kahu Ella
Published: December 2024

Podcast:
How Researchers Changed the World Episode 11 – Ella Kahu: Opening up Higher Education: Understanding and improving student engagement. 36 minutes. Supported by Taylor & Francis Group  
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SllTzhXxxYs
Strength analysis by the Finite Element Method (FEM) of a modular line
Authors:   Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland, Marcinkiewicz J , Spadło M ,   Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland, Staszak Ż ,   Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
Published: December 2024

The aim of the work is the strength analysis of structural elements of a modular line. Within the subject,
an assessment of the structural strength state was made using the finite element method. For the purpose of the work,
the following computational models were developed: the load-bearing frame of a charging hopper, the load-bearing
frame of a screen as well as the load-bearing structure of wheels. The problem of load transfer between components
occurring in mutual contact was discussed. Multi-variant strength calculations were performed later and stress patterns
were determined for all the most important operating cases. The final stage of the work was the verification of the
adopted design assumptions in terms of stress with the results obtained during the tests.
Experimental study of the ultrasonic muffler efficiency for improving the exhaust gas cleaning system of internal combustion engines of automobiles
Authors:   Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, Pak I
Published: December 2024

. In this paper, an extensive study has been carried out on the use of ultrasound for the purpose of cleaning
automotive exhaust gases. The main focus is on the use of ultrasonic emitter in automotive muffler design. The paper
presents a detailed analysis of the theories associated with the ultrasonic coagulation process and an in-depth
description of the physical aspects of the ultrasonic muffler. Methods for evaluating gas cleaning efficiency are also
discussed and the importance of using energy consumption as a criterion for evaluating the efficiency of an ultrasonic
silencer is emphasised. The paper presents a computational methodology for evaluating the efficiency of a new muffler
design based on consideration of the power consumed by the engine to pass gases through the muffler. For
experimental verification of the ultrasonic silencer efficiency, a special bench was created to measure the smokiness
of gases at changing engine speeds. Experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the ultrasonic silencer,
showing a reduction in the smokiness of gases at a certain combination of speed and frequency of ultrasonic waves,
which led to the best cleaning of exhaust gases.
Электронные сигареты и их влияние на организм (обзор)
Authors: Вороник Юлия Николаевна , Длубок Софья Сергеевна
Published: December 2024

К опасным относительно недавно появившимся приспособлениям относятся электронные сигареты, которые изначально позиционировались как менее вредная или даже безвредная альтернатива курению, в связи с чем использование данных девайсов приобрело массовый характер, особенно среди молодого населения, причем нередко детского возраста, что вызывает особую тревогу со стороны медицинских работников. Целью работы является обзор данных отечественных и зарубежных литературных
источников, в отношении влияния электронных сигарет на состояние здоровья. В основной части представлены данные анализа литературных источников, на основании которого можно сделать вывод, что использование электронных сигарет не является безопасной заменой традиционному курению, поскольку провоцирует развитие целого ряда заболеваний. Особенно страдают дыхательная и сердечно-сосудистая системы. Центры по контролю и профилактике заболеваний США и Управление по санитарному надзору за качеством пищевых продуктов и медикаментов США сообщили о случаях
заболевания легких у курильщиков электронных сигарет, которое получило название «травма легких, ассоциированная с употреблением электронных сигарет или продуктов вейпинга» (e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (EVALI)). Причем об отдаленных последствиях вейпинга данных пока нет. В заключении отмечено, что поскольку электронные сигареты продолжают распространяться, крайне важно, чтобы медицинские работники и широкая общественность были проинформированы о потенциальных рисках, связанных с этими продуктами.
Социально-экономическая адаптация армянской диаспоры в Республике Беларусь
Authors: Аветян Наринэ Сумбатовна
Published: December 2024

Во введении указан объект исследования – армянская диаспора в Республике Беларусь. Предметом изучения выступают социально-экономические аспекты адаптации данной диаспоры в пространстве белорусского социума. Цель работы – исследование особенностей социально-экономической адаптации и последующей интеграции представителей армянской национальной диаспоры в Республике Беларусь. В основной части работы представлены результаты авторского социологического исследования, которые позволяют выявить основные социальные, экономические, культурные и социодемографические характеристики армянского сообщества, ресурсы социальной адаптации и интеграции мигрантов в принимающие сообщества. Исследовательский интерес к изучению особенностей адаптации армян-мигрантов к жизни в Беларуси обусловлен не только многочисленностью армянской диаспоры, но и фактом активного участия ее представителей в социально-экономической, политической и культурной жизни страны. Однако проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются представители армянской национальной диаспоры в Республике Беларусь в процессе адаптации и интеграции, на сегодняшний день мало исследованы
и требуют более детального научного осмысления. Перспективными направлениями исследований является изучение причин миграции, определение ресурсов адаптации представителей армянской национальной диаспоры в принимающее сообщество, определение социального самочувствия и положения
армян в ареале белорусского социума как результата адаптационного и интеграционного процесса. В ходе
исследования были выделены и проанализированы важнейшие критерии социально-экономической адаптации представителей армянской национальной диаспоры в социальном пространстве Республики Беларусь. В заключении представлены выводы о проведенном анализе социально-экономических показателей адаптации армянской диаспоры Беларуси. Полученные результаты представляют интерес для специалистов в сфере диаспорологии.
Akurasi Arah Kiblat Kuburan Umum Songgen Desa Wanasaba Kabupaten Lombok Timur
Authors: Susanti Chandra , Adawiyah Siti Rabi'atul
Published: December 2024

This research discusses two main points of discussion, namely the methods used by the community in Wanasaba Village in determining the Qibla direction of the Songgen public cemetery and the level of accuracy of the Qibla direction of the Songgen public cemetery in Wanasaba Village. The type of research used is field research with a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection was obtained through direct observation in the field by carrying out measurements and structured interviews with resource persons. The results of this research show that the method used to determine the Qibla direction of the Songgen Public Cemetery is an estimation method by looking at the cardinal directions. The level of accuracy of the Songgen Public Cemetery after measurements were carried out using the Istiwa,aini method, it was found that the results ranged from 13° to 37°.
ESTIMATION OF VEHICLE YAW SPEED USING PHOTOGRAMMETRY OF TIRE TRACKS AT TRAFFIC ACCIDENT SCENES
Authors: Silva Isaac Newton Lima da , Fernandes Éder , Gonzaga Henrique
Published: December 2024

Background: This article presents a study on the use of photogrammetry to determine the critical yaw radius of automotive vehicles and, consequently, estimate the skidding speed. Photogrammetry is a non-invasive measurement technique that uses images to digitally reconstruct three-dimensional objects and analyse their geometric characteristics. Aim: The study aims to capture and process images of tire tracks from a vehicle in skidding conditions at the scene of a traffic accident to calculate the critical yaw radius and determine the skid speed. Methods: Images were rectified using specialized software and then processed to calculate the critical yaw radius, allowing the skid speed to be determined based on specific mathematical models. Results: The results obtained demonstrate the predictions and accuracy of photogrammetry as an effective tool for vehicle safety analysis and vehicle dynamics studies in skidding conditions. Discussion: This approach not only provides important information for the development of stability control systems, but also contributes to a deeper understanding of the specificities related to vehicle safety in critical driving situations. Conclusions: Photogrammetry proves to be a valuable method in enhancing vehicle safety analysis and understanding vehicle dynamics during skidding incidents.
GENE POLYMORPHISM AND HAPLOTYPE OF HUMAN MICRORNA146a IN INFERTILE IRAQI WOMEN INFECTED WITH LATENT TOXOPLASMOSIS
Authors: Hilal Amna Mohammed , Ardalan Naksheen Merza , Almohaidi Asmaa M. Salih
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii that has been associated with infertility in women. Aims: This study investigated the relationship between miRNA146a gene polymorphisms and infertility in Iraqi females infected with toxoplasmosis. Methods: A total of 80 females aged 18-45 years were enrolled, divided into two groups: 40 infertile women with latent toxoplasmosis and 40 fertile controls. Genotyping of miRNA146a was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the CC genotype of rs2910164 was associated with a higher risk of infertility and toxoplasmosis infection. Additionally, the CAAA haplotype was found to be a risk factor for infertility and toxoplasmosis, while the CAAG and GTGA haplotypes were protective against the disease. The study suggests that miRNA146a gene polymorphisms may play a crucial role in the susceptibility to toxoplasmosis infection and infertility in Iraqi females. These findings have important implications for the diagnosis and prevention of toxoplasmosis-related infertility. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the association between specific genetic variants and susceptibility to toxoplasmosis-related infertility, contributing to our understanding of genetic risk factors in this condition
THE PREVALENCE OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Mussa Amal Jasim , Al Saadi Kawkab Abdullah , Ali Haider Hashim Mohammed
Published: December 2024

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the demyelination of axons in the central nervous system (CNS). Urinary tract infection (UTI) affects millions of people each year. UTI is a common risk factor that worsens attacks in patients with MS. Aims: The commonest pseudo exacerbations in patients with MS is UTI, in addition to the influence of UTI on disease activity and development; therefore, the research aims to study the prevalence of urinary tract Methods: The current study included sixty MS patients aged 15-57 years from May 2023 to March 2024 in MS clinic at Imam Al- Hussein medical city in Kerbala, Saad Al-Witry Hospital for Neuroscience in Baghdad and MS clinic at Middle Euphrates center for Neuroscience in Najaf. Ten ml of urine samples were collected from MS patients, and a general urine examination (GUE) was done. The urine sample was inoculated into the culture media, after which VITEK diagnosed it. Results: The UTI prevalence in patients with MS was about 23%; E. coli was the most frequent, while other bacteria were less frequent, ranging between (15-7%). Discussion: UTI infection is a risk factor in autoimmune diseases. Conclusions: Multiple sclerosis patients are likely to have UTI. They are community- and hospital-acquired, especially because of E. coli. In addition to autoimmune diseases, it is a risk of systemic infections.