bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extraction of calicomacropeptide protein from cheese whey and its use as an antibacterial agent against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in children.
Authors: الركابي علي خضير جابر
Published: April 2024

This study focused on the extracted of protein Glycomacropeptide of soft white cheese whey and factory using rennet (chymosin) and studying of its effect outside the body's animals in vetro and within the body of the animal in vivo, the results were as follows: pathological bacteria antigens used with Glycomacropeptide in passive haemagglutination assay and showed that agglutination was 1:256 with LPS isolated from bacteria E. coli. The passive haemagglutination assay also showed that agglutination was 1:64 with LPS isolated from bacteria Staph. aureus Glycomacropeptide protein proved the inhibition activity the outsideof the animal's body (in vitro) against bacterial isolates of E. coli and , which causes diarrhea and inflammatory intestine disease and Staph. aureus bacteria in children by using Nutreint Broth media and using a Spectrophotometer and different concentrations (0.1, 0.6, 1.1, 6.3) mg / ml had a higher inhibition concentration of 6.3 followed by 1.1. Glycomacropeptide protein proved effectiveness inhibitory, within the body of mice (In vivo) against bacteria E. coli and Staph. aureus by studying their effect on red blood cells and white blood cell as it worked to increase
Molecular diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in children of Basrah governorate, Iraq
Authors: AL-Mishry Maha K.
Published: April 2024

The laboratory diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis is based on microscopic examination, culture, serological tests and molecular methods. This study include 50 cases of suspected Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) patients in 3 hospitals (Al-Basrah Maternity and Children, Al-Basrah General and Al-Tahreer) during the period from December 2011 to July 2012, and 25 healthy child from health care centers in Basrah. We examined their Bone Marrow aspirates by microscopic examination and DNA amplification from peripheral blood by Polymer Chain Reaction (PCR) technique .We calculated positive- negative predictive values and the sensitivity-specificity of these diagnosis tests. Positive predictive value of microscopic examination were 45 (90%) and (10%) negative for visceral leishmaniasis and for PCR 42(84%) positive , 8 (16%) negative ,the sensitivity and specificity for PCR 93.3% and 100% respectively ,with statistically significant different (p<0.01).
Морське право: юрисдикція та спори : навч.-метод. посіб. для підгот. здобувачів освіти першого (бакалаврського) рівня галузі знань 08 «Право» за спеціальністю 081 «Право» [Електронне видання]
Authors:   Національний університет ", Сергєєв Юрій Володимирович ,   Одеська юридична академія", Аверочкіна Тетяна Володимирівна Тетяна Володимирівна
Published: April 2024

Навчально-методичний посібник містить короткий виклад лекційного матеріалу, плани та завдання до практичних занять та самостійної роботи, тести, питання для підсумкового контролю знань і вмінь здобувачів вищої освіти. Призначений для здобувачів вищої освіти галузі знань 08 «Право» за спеціальністю 081 «Право» з метою вивчення дисципліни «Морське право: юрисдикція та спори».
Marginalized graduate students navigating the academy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A phenomenological approach
Authors: Kumaran Mahalakshmi , Farnum Cecile , Gupta Aditi , Levesque Lisa , Roache Darcia
Published: April 2024

 The aim of this study was to understand marginalized graduate students’ use of academic libraries for research activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a phenomenological approach, this study investigated the challenges, barriers, and coping strategies of marginalized graduate students from three Canadian universities. Focus groups were conducted to stimulate discussions and gather rich data from participants. Based on findings, this study offers several recommendations for inclusive spaces, accessibility across institutions, bridging divides, and more to address service gaps and improve library access for all users. 
Molecular Docking, Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation of 5-methylthiazolidine-4-ones
Authors: Hussein Sarmad Saadi , Ali Karima Fadhil , Al-Saady Fouad Abdulameer , Atheer Atiroğlu
Published: April 2024

To overcome the widespread emergence of drug resistant pathological agents, newer treatment options are required to be found urgently. This research aims to design new molecules with antimicrobial activities using computational methods and to synthesize these compounds. The designed structures possessing thiazolidine-4-one heterocyclic moiety were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities and were found to exhibit antifungal and antibacterial properties. Molecular docking studies were conducted to examine the potential drug-protein interactions. Molecular characterization by spectral techniques (FT-IR, 13C NMR and 1H NMR) was carried out to confirm the identity of the synthesized compounds.
'Teología de la Liberación': Gustavo Gutiérrez’in Özgürlük Teolojisi ve Teolojik Yansımaları
Authors: Öztürk Alparslan Emin , Turan Süleyman
Published: April 2024

Özgürlük Teolojisi (Teología de la Liberación), 1960’larda Latin Amerika’daki Katolik Hıristiyanlık içinde ortaya çıkmış bir teolojidir. XX. yy. ın en önemli ve modern teolojilerden biri kabul edilen bu teolojinin fikir babası, Perulu teolog Gustavo Gutiérrez’dir. Bu makale, Gutiérrez’in hayatını, metodunu, fikirlerini ve bu fikirler temelindeki teolojinin Hıristiyanlık başta olmak üzere farklı inanç ve teolojilere etkisini konu edinmektedir. Teolojik düşüncesine temel oluşturmak için makalede biyografisine kısmen yer verilen Gutiérrez, yoksullarla birlikte yaşayarak edindiği deneyimler üzerinden düşüncelerini geliştiren bir teologdur. Gutiérrez’in bu deneyimlerinin Özgürlük Teolojisi’nin ortaya çıkışında etkili olduğuna dair tespitlerimiz, makalenin ana konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Özgürlük Teolojisi, Latin Amerika yoksullarının yerel dinî deneyimlerini II. Vatikan Konsili’nin Katolik teolojiyi farklı kültür ve inançlara açık hale getirmesiyle birleştirmiştir. Böylece modern Hıristiyanlığı yerel yoksulluk deneyimleri üzerinden yaşatmanın ve yaymanın yeni bir yolunu ortaya koymuştur. Bununla önce Katolik Hıristiyanlığı sonrasında ise özellikle üçüncü dünya ülkelerinin yoksul, baskı ve zulüm ortamına tepki olarak ortaya çıkan teolojileri konu, metot vb. yönlerinden etkilemiştir. Yoksulluk deneyimine dayanma, üçüncü dünyaya rehberlik yanında sosyal bilimlerin somut verilerini ve Marksist analiz gibi tartışmalı teknikleri teolojide kullanmasıyla da geleneksel çizgiden ayrılan Özgürlük Teolojisi, bu tutumuyla XVI. yüzyılda ortaya çıkan Protestanlık gibi adeta Hıristiyanlık’ta çığır açmıştır. Dolayısıyla modern Hıristiyanlığın dünya çapında etkileri görülen bir teolojisinin anlaşılması önem arz etmektedir. Bu makalede, sıra dışı uygulamalarıyla adından söz ettiren ve özellikle yabancı kaynaklarda birçok araştırmaya konu olan Özgürlük Teolojisi, mevcut araştırmalardan farklı olarak fikir babası konumundaki Gutiérrez üzerinden incelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda “Özgürlük Teolojisi ve onun metodolojisi nedir?”, “Gustavo Gutiérrez kimdir?”, “Gustavo Gutiérrez’in bu teolojideki yeri nedir?” ve “Gustavo Gutiérrez’i bu teolojiye yönelten sebepler nelerdir?” sorularına cevaplar aranmıştır. Bu çabayla Özgürlük Teolojisi’nin Marksist sol söylemleri teolojide araçsal şekilde kullanarak Kitâb-ı Mukaddes’in Çıkış bölümünü özgürlük temelli yorumladığı, Teología de la Liberación: Perspectivas adlı eseriyle sonradan ortaya çıkan özgürlük teolojilerine rehberlik ettiği, modern insanın ihtiyaçlarına hitap edebilen söylemleriyle toplumlar arasında geçişkenlik sağlayarak geniş kitleleri etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçta Gutiérrez’in teolojik yaklaşımının, II. Vatikan Konsili ideallerine ve Hıristiyanlığın modern misyoloji çalışmalarına destek veren bir teoloji olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.
Students’ Attitudes towards the Use of Gamification in English Classes at Dong Nai Technology University
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thanh Van
Published: April 2024

Recently, there has been a noticeable implementation of gamification in teaching and learning. Gamification has proven to help integrate students' educational process by increasing their engagement with instructional materials and increasing their competency level. Therefore, incorporating gamification into the classroom can improve English learning. This study assessed students' attitudes towards the use of gamification in English language classes at Dong Nai Technology University. The data were gathered via online surveys. 120 students participated in this study, and they were given questionnaires. The survey was a closed-ended, Likert-type questionnaire. The research found that most students have a positive opinion of gamification in English language classes. However, there are still issues with gamification technologies that need to be taken into account and resolved.
The Influence of Paternal Absence During Childhood on Women's Self-esteem and Self-efficacy: A Perspective Paper
Authors: Jin Zhiling
Published: April 2024

This paper explores the potential impact of paternal absence on women during their childhood by examining literature and contemporary theories. Paternal absence refers to children lacking paternal love and care due to factors such as illegitimate birth, divorce, or death.  In today's society, diverse marriage concepts have led to an increase in single-parent families, resulting in a growing prevalence of paternal absence. This paper comprehensively examines the influence of paternal absence on female self-esteem using theoretical frameworks from psychoanalysis, social learning, social comparison, cognitive development, and attachment. Additionally, it highlights the significance of fathers' presence during childhood in establishing women's sense of competence through Bandura's concept of self-efficacy. The results of the study revealed that the absence of a father figure may exert detrimental effects on women's self-perception, interpersonal bonding, and development of emotional and creative competence.
Skin Cancer Segmentation On Dermoscopy Images Using Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm
Authors: Aldi Febri , Sumijan
Published: April 2024

Millions of people around the world suffer from skin cancer, a common and sometimes fatal disease. Dermoscopy has become an effective diagnostic technique for skin cancer. Precise segmentation is essential for skin cancer diagnosis. Segmentation allows more precise analysis of dermoscopic images by defining the boundaries of the lesion and separating it from surrounding healthy tissue. Dermoscopy images served as a source of research data, and Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) segmentation techniques were used. FCM is a promising method and has received a lot of attention lately. FCM is able to distinguish the various components within the lesion and effectively separate the lesion from the surrounding area. As a result, the distribution of membership degree values of each pixel in the image for each cluster represents the segmentation results obtained through FCM. The FCM technique for segmenting dermoscopic images is expected to significantly improve the precision and effectiveness of skin cancer diagnosis.
Unveiling the Synergistic Relationship between Distributed Systems and Cloud Computing: A Review of Architectural Trends
Authors: Salih Sardar , Subhi R. M. Zeebaree
Published: April 2024

Cloud providers use distributed systems for scalability, availability, performance, automation, multi-tenancy, and innovation. Distributed cloud computing distributes workload across multiple locations, improving application performance and responsiveness. Significantly potential computational resources are developed in cloud, where large-scale, intricate tasks are performed with the backbone of distribute infrastructure in cloud systems, similar to supercomputing.  Cloud computing development has significantly impacted software development and testing, necessitating applications compatible with the cloud, large data users, and high security. Distributed applications hoist on to cloud platforms where increased efficiency, reliability and low costs are favored and further be stored in the cloud for flexibility and scalability.  Cloud service models include Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), each offering different application services, programming languages, and hosting environments. The synergistic aspects of Distributed Systems and Cloud Systems with respect to their basic capabilities are discussed and systematically reviewed.
Performance Evaluation of Extra Trees Classifier by using CPU Parallel and Non-Parallel Processing
Authors: Hussein Nashwan , R. M. Zeebaree Subhi
Published: April 2024

This research delves into assessing the performance of the Extra Trees Classifier, specifically examining the influence of CPU parallel processing on classification accuracy and computational efficiency. Fashion MNIST, a collection of grayscale images representing clothing items, serves as the foundational dataset for this study. Two variations of the Extra Trees Classifier are implemented: one configured without CPU parallel processing and another utilizing maximum CPU cores for parallel execution. The primary evaluation metrics include accuracy measurement and computational time taken for both training and prediction tasks. The findings reveal notable insights, showcasing that while the Extra Trees Classifier demonstrates commendable accuracy in classifying Fashion MNIST images, the implementation of CPU parallel processing significantly reduces computational time without compromising accuracy levels. This observation underscores the pivotal role of optimizing computational resources for efficient model training and deployment in machine learning applications. The results of this study are very helpful for understanding how to use parallel processing to make machine learning tasks more accurate and more efficient. It also shows how important it is to optimize resources for scalable and effective model development.
Parallel Processing Impact on Random Forest Classifier Performance: A CIFAR-10 Dataset Study
Authors: Sadiq Bareen Haval , Zeebaree Subhi R. M.
Published: April 2024

Using the CIFAR-10 dataset, this research investigates how parallel processing affects the Random Forest method's machine learning performance. Accuracy and training time are highlighted in the study as critical performance indicators. Two cases were studied, one with and one without parallel processing. The results show the strong prediction powers of the Random Forest algorithm, which continues to analyze data in parallel while retaining a high accuracy of 97.50%. In addition, training times are notably shortened by parallelization, going from 0.6187 to 0.4753 seconds. The noted increase in time efficiency highlights the importance of parallelization in carrying out activities simultaneously, which enhances the training process's computational efficiency. These results provide important new information about how to optimize machine learning algorithms using parallel processing approaches.
Embracing Distributed Systems for Efficient Cloud Resource Management: A Review of Techniques and Methodologies
Authors: Abdi Abdo , Zeebaree Subhi R. M.
Published: April 2024

The development of parallel computing, distributed computing, and grid computing has introduced a new computing model, combining elements of grid, public computing, and SaaS. Cloud computing, a key component of this model, assigns computing to distributed computers rather than local computers or remote servers. Research papers from 2017 to 2023 provide an overview of the advancements and challenges in cloud computing and distributed systems, focusing on resource management and the integration of advanced technologies like machine learning, AI-centric strategies, and fuzzy meta-heuristics. These studies aim to improve operational efficiency, scalability, and adaptability in cloud environments, focusing on energy efficiency and cost reduction. However, these advancements also present challenges, such as implementation complexity, adaptability in diverse environments, and the rapid pace of technological advancements. These issues necessitate practical, efficient, and forward-thinking solutions in real-world settings. The research conducted between 2017 and 2023 highlights the dynamic and rapidly evolving field of cloud computing and distributed systems, providing valuable guidance for ongoing and future research. This body of work serves as a crucial reference point for advancing the field and emphasizing the need for practical, efficient, and forward-thinking solutions in the ever-evolving landscape of cloud computing and distributed systems.
Distributed Graph Processing in Cloud Computing: A Review of Large-Scale Graph Analytics
Authors: Atrushi Diler , Zeebaree Subhi R. M.
Published: April 2024

The rapid growth of graph data in various domains has propelled the need for efficient distributed graph processing techniques in cloud computing environments. This paper presents a comprehensive review of distributed graph processing for graph analytics of massive size in the context of cloud computing. The paper begins by highlighting the challenges associated with distributed graph processing, including load balancing, communication overhead, scalability, and partitioning strategies. It provides an overview of existing frameworks and tools specifically designed for distributed graph processing in cloud environments. Furthermore, the review encompasses various techniques and algorithms employed in distributed graph processing. The paper also reviews recent research advancements in optimizing distributed graph processing in cloud computing. To provide practical insights, the paper presents a comparative analysis of representative large-scale graph analytics applications implemented on different cloud computing platforms. Performance, scalability, and efficiency metrics are evaluated under varying workload sizes and graph characteristics. Overall, this comprehensive review paper serves as a highly prized asset for researchers and large-scale graph analytics professionals who are practitioners in the field. It provides a holistic understanding of the state-of-the-art distributed graph processing techniques in cloud computing and guides future research efforts towards more efficient and scalable graph processing in cloud environments.
Impact of Parallel Processing on LightGBM Implementation a Comparative Analysis CPU on Iris Plants Dataset
Authors: Sulaiman Sulaiman Muhammed , Zeebaree Sobhi
Published: April 2024

Parallel processing has emerged as base for machine learning to address the computational requirements of complex models and expanded datasets. In additions, Parallel functions give the ability to algorithms exploiting the full potential of available accounting resources. This mechanism enhances parallel processing capabilities, as calculations are distributed through a multiple processor. This research explores the impact of the parallel processing of the central processing unit on the performance of LightGBM. The gradient-based learning in LightGBM enables efficient feature split decisions during tree construction. framework for scaling up, using the IRIS plant dataset. The study aims at comparing accuracy measures and training time for trained models with or without parallel processing units. The methodology includes advance data processing steps and the formation of environmentally sound management models with or without parallel processing units. The results reveal marked differences in accuracy and training time between the model and parallel processing of the central processing unit and its counterpart without it. Research contributes to understanding the role of parallel processing in the optimal functioning of the automated learning model.
Harnessing the Power of Distributed Systems for Scalable Cloud Computing A Review of Advances and Challenges
Authors: Taher Hanan
Published: April 2024

In the realm of cloud computing, the literature defines scalability as the inherent ability of a system, application, or infrastructure to adapt and accommodate varying workloads or demands efficiently. It encompasses the system's capability to handle increased or decreased usage with compromising performance, responsiveness, or stability. In this paper, a comprehensive review is presented regarding the scalability in the cloud computing network. In addition, the research community define the scalability as a dynamic attribute, emphasizing its ability to facilitate both horizontal and vertical scaling. Horizontal scalability involves adding or removing instances or nodes to distribute workloads across multiple resources, while vertical scalability focuses on enhancing the capacity of existing resources within a single entity. They established a global frameworks to evaluate scalability, often emphasizing response time, throughput, resource utilization, and cost-efficiency as critical metrics. These metrics serve as benchmarks to assess the system's ability to scale effectively without compromising performance or incurring unnecessary costs [1]. The literature underscores scalability's interconnectedness with elasticity, highlighting the need for on-demand resource provisioning and de-provisioning to maintain an agile and adaptable infrastructure. Overall, in academic papers, cloud scalability is portrayed as a fundamental attribute crucial for modern computing infrastructures, enabling systems to flexibly and efficiently adapt to dynamic computing needs.
Distributed Resource Management in Cloud Computing: A Review of Allocation, Scheduling, and Provisioning Techniques
Authors: Ali Nabeel N. , Zeebaree Subhi R. M.
Published: April 2024

This review paper provides an in-depth examination of distributed resource management in cloud computing, focusing on the critical elements of allocation, scheduling, and provisioning. Cloud computing, characterized by its dynamic and scalable nature, necessitates efficient resource management techniques to optimize performance, cost, and service. The study encompasses a comprehensive analysis of various strategies in resource allocation, scheduling methodologies, and provisioning techniques within the cloud computing paradigm. Through comparative analysis, this paper aims to highlight the synergies and trade-offs inherent in these methods, offering a holistic view of distributed resource management. It contributes to the field by bridging the gap in existing literature, presenting a critical, comparative analysis of current strategies and their interplay in distributed cloud environments.
GEQ and PENS Applications for Analyzing Levels of Player Experience and Satisfaction in Mobile Video Games
Authors: Zicko Muhammad Alrizki  , Dedy Kurniawan
Published: April 2024

Nowadays, video games are getting popular due to the rapid growth of technology, especially mobile technology. Video games are now able to be played on mobile devices whether in single or multiplayer mode by using the internet and it's free and available everywhere. Understanding player experience in mobile video games is essential for developers and researchers. This research evaluates player experience in a mobile video game using the Game Experience Questionnaire (GEQ) and Player Experience Questionnaire (PENS). The evaluation was performed using an online questionnaire form to the participants (N = 110) who had played the specific mobile game. Using the Core Questionnaire from the Game Experience Questionnaire and Player Experience of Need Satisfaction module, this research found that the Game Experience Questionnaire shows high scores values in the aspects of Immersion (4.22), Competence (3.25), and Positive Aspects (4.38) which indicates a good player experience, and the Player Experience of Need Satisfaction shows a rather balanced yet high score for each value that indicates a satisfying player experience.
A Monte Carlo Simulation study on the Gamma Radiation Shielding Properties of Concrete with PET Plastic Composite using the PHITS Code
Authors: Aye Myat Mon
Published: April 2024

The gamma radiation shielding properties of four different types of PET concretes, containing 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % PET additives, were simulated using the PHITS code. The simulation covered photon energy levels ranging from 0.01 to 1.5 MeV and employed a NaI (Tl) scintillation detector. Parameters such as the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), half-value layer (HVL), and mean free path (MFP) were calculated to evaluate the gamma-ray attenuation for each photon energy level. The effectiveness of PET plastics as a radiation shield depends on factors like material thickness, the type of radiation, and specific application requirements. However, this research provides valuable insights into repurposing waste PET plastics to enhance the radiation-shielding properties of concrete, contributing to improved waste management practices and the development of radiation-shielding materials. The results obtained from the PHITS code align satisfactorily with both the simulation results and the theoretical XCOM data.
Enhancing Educational Paradigms: A Comprehensive Review of Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) Applications in Learning Environments
Authors: Ahmed Mariwan , Askar Shavan , Muheden Karwan , Bilal Noura
Published: April 2024

This article comprehensively evaluates Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) in academic environments. It explores the role of VDI in transforming and gaining knowledge via offering more advantageous accessibility and flexibility, addressing the digital divide, and adapting to various learning patterns. The paper examines case studies throughout one-of-a-kind educational settings, discusses the technical components, and evaluates VDI's effect on mastering and teaching. It additionally highlights the challenges and potential risks related to VDI implementation. Synthesizing the outcomes from various case studies and study papers lays a stable foundation for understanding the multifaceted nature of VDI's implementation and its effect on instructional paradigms. The technical limitations of reviewed cases play a significant function in determining the fulfillment of VDI implementations in instructional environments. Well-structured planning and evaluation of these elements are vital to ensure that the selected VDI efficiently meets the goals of instructional concerns and their participants. Future research instructions are cautioned to deal with diagnosed gaps, including their application in various educational contexts and lengthy-term impacts. The article is valuable for educators, policymakers, and era providers.
Unveiling the Benefits and Challenges of Test-Driven Development in Agile: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Tampubolon Sabar Maruba , Raharjo Teguh
Published: April 2024

The adoption of Test-Driven Development (TDD) in Agile software development prompts extensive discussion. Advocates highlight its benefits, while skeptics question empirical evidence. This study investigates TDD in Agile settings, examining its merits and challenges. Conducting a systematic literature review, it synthesizes insights from scholarly and industry sources. Results indicate TDD aids development, aligns with Agile practices, and enhances product delivery. Yet, challenges include procedural complexity and skill requirements. Proficiency in Agile practices like refactoring and unit testing is essential. TDD's impact on productivity is moderate and can be counterproductive. This research contributes new perspectives on TDD and Agile development, benefiting academia and informing practitioners for informed decision-making.
Developing a Gantry Robot with Pre-calculated pure S-curve Motion Profiles for Delicate Egg Handling: Utilizing ESP32, FreeRTOS, and AS5600 Encoders
Authors: Ju Ju Naing
Published: April 2024

The poultry industry faces challenges due to egg breakage during transfer. This paper describes a gantry robot specifically designed for delicate egg handling. The robot utilizes pre-calculated pure S-curve motion profiles to achieve smooth and precise movements, minimizing stress on the eggs. This approach leverages the computational efficiency of pre-calculation, making it suitable for low-power microcontrollers like the ESP32. FreeRTOS(Free Real-Time Operating System) ensures real-time task management for profile execution and data collection every 4 milliseconds from the AS5600 encoders. These encoders provide high-resolution angular position feedback, allowing for comparison with the planned S-curve profile after each movement step. This system offers advantages such as reduced egg breakage, improved transfer efficiency, and a simpler design compared to real-time control. However, limitations include limited adaptability to significant environmental changes and disturbances. Future work may investigate incorporating real-time feedback control for enhanced robustness.
Особливості організації оборони населених пунктів від ударів балістичних ракет оперативно-тактичного і тактичного призначення
Authors: Олещук М. М. , Коваль В. В. , Щипанський П. В. , Загорка О. М. , Поліщук С. В.
Published: April 2024

В умовах сучасної війни оборона населених пунктів від ударів балістичних ракет оперативно-тактичного і тактичного призначення набуває першорядної ваги. Організація такої оборони має особливості, зумовлені специфічністю траєкторій польоту ракет до об’єктів ураження. Особливості організації оборони полягають у необхідності забезпечення під час призначення позиції зенітного ракетного комплексу накриття зоною оборони найважливіших об’єктів населеного пункту. У статті запропонований порядок оцінювання ефективності протиракетної оброни населеного пункту та наведені рекомендації щодо організації оборони населених пунктів від ударів балістичних ракет оперативно-тактичного і тактичного призначення з урахуванням зони оборони, що реалізується багатоканальним зенітним ракетним комплексом.
Розбудова сильної нації: роль національної стійкості, мобілізації та територіальної оборони
Authors: Ткач М. Я. , Пунда Ю. В. , Дерев’янко В. І.
Published: April 2024

У статті розглядається критична роль національної стійкості, мобілізації та територіальної оборони у формуванні відповіді нації на зовнішні загрози.Ґрунтуючись на досвіді України під час вторгнення 2022 року, досліджено механізми, які дозволили нації вистояти та вийти з кризи стійкою. Досліджуючи реакцію суспільства, уряду та громадян, у статті аналізується взаємодія між єдністю, довірою до інституцій та вплив національної ідентичності на зміцнення стійкості. У статті також розглядаються принципи та стратегії всеохоплюючої оборони та значення мобілізації перед обличчям екзистенційних загроз. Уроки українського досвіду підкреслюють важливість єдності, готовності, адаптивності та роль сил територіальної оборони у зміцненні обороноздатності країни.
Mobility and strength training with and without protein supplements for pre-frail or frail older adults with low protein intake: the Maximising Mobility and Strength Training (MMoST) feasibility randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Biggin Kavita , Marian Ioana R. , Lamb Sarah E. , Morris Alana , Murphy Caoileann , Carver Andrew , Croft Nirvana , Williamson Esther
Published: April 2024

Background Frailty is a common syndrome affecting older people and puts them at risk of hospitalisation, needing care or death. First signs of frailty include reduced muscle strength and mobility decline. A key cause of mobility decline as we age is sarcopenia (age related reduction in muscle strength and mass). Poor nutrition contributes to sarcopenia. A shortfall in protein is associated with reduced muscle mass and strength. This may be due to inadequate intake but also because older people have higher protein needs, especially those with multimorbidity. We need to develop effective treatment to reduce or slow the onset of frailty and mobility decline. Exercise is a recommended treatment. Protein supplements to address the shortfall in protein have the potential to enhance the benefit of regular exercise in frail or pre-frail older adults. This has yet to be definitively demonstrated. Aim To establish the feasibility of conducting an RCT evaluating mobility and strength training with or without protein supplements for people over 60 years old who are frail or pre-frail with a low protein intake. Methods A multicentre, parallel, 2-group, feasibility RCT. Participants (recruitment target = 50) with problems walking, low protein intake and classified as frail or pre-frail will be recruited from four NHS Physiotherapy community services. Participants will be randomised (secure computer-generated: 1:1) to receive 24 weeks of mobility and strength training (delivered in 16 group sessions plus home exercises) or 24 weeks of mobility and strength training with daily protein supplements. Primary feasibility objectives are to estimate 1) ability to screen and recruit eligible participants, 2) intervention fidelity, adherence, and tolerance and 3) retention of participants at follow up. Secondary objectives are to 1) test data collection procedures, 2) assess data completeness and 3) confirm sample size calculation for a definitive RCT. Registration ISRCTN Registry (ISRCTN30405954; 18/10/2022).
Krefjandi lífsreynsla og flókin sorg: Að lifa af sjálfsvíg dóttur eða sonar
Authors: Björnsdóttir Elín Árdís , Sigurðardóttir Sigrún , Halldórsdóttir Sigríður
Published: April 2024

Tilgangur
Sjálfsvíg eru alþjóðlegt heilbrigðisvandamál og fjórða algengasta dánarorsökin
í aldurshópnum 15–29 ára. Reynsla foreldra af því að missa son
eða dóttur í sjálfsvígi hefur lítið verið rannsökuð hér á landi. Tilgangur
rannsóknarinnar var að kanna reynslu foreldra af því að missa dóttur eða
son í sjálfsvígi og þann stuðning sem þeim stóð til boða í kjölfar þess.

Aðferð
Í þessari fyrirbærafræðilegu rannsókn voru tekin 13 viðtöl við 10 foreldra,
sjö mæður og þrjá feður, sem höfðu misst son eða dóttur á aldrinum 17-37
ára í sjálfsvígi.

Niðurstöður
Fyrir foreldrana var sjálfsvígið krefjandi lífsreynsla og við tók flókin,
langvinn og stöðug sorg. Það höfðu verið erfiðleikar hjá sonum og
dætrum þátttakenda fyrir sjálfsvígið í öllum tilvikum nema einu, svo
sem sjálfsvígshugsanir, sjálfsskaðandi hegðun og tilraunir til sjálfsvígs.
Sjálfsvígið kom samt öllum foreldrunum í opna skjöldu og var þeim mikið
áfall. Við tók doði og þeir áttu erfitt með daglegt líf, misstu matarlyst,
svefn, skammtímaminni, þrek, jafnvægi, jarðtengingu og tengsl við
raunveruleikann. Flóknar tilfinningar komu upp hjá þeim öllum svo sem
sektarkennd og sjálfsásakanir og áfallið kom mikið niður á andlegri og
líkamlegri heilsu þeirra þar sem kvíði, þunglyndi og verkir voru áberandi.
Sorgarúrvinnsla hjá foreldrunum tók langan tíma og stuðningur var af
misjöfnum toga og mikið undir foreldrunum sjálfum komið að sækja sér
stuðning ef hann brást eða þegar frá leið. Áberandi voru vonbrigði gagnvart
heilbrigðiskerfinu að ekki var framkvæmt einhvers konar mat á þörfum
þeirra fyrir stuðning í kjölfar áfallsins.

Ályktun
Af niðurstöðum að dæma er nauðsynlegt að koma upp verkferlum
fyrir hjúkrunarfræðinga og annað starfsfólk heilbrigðiskerfisins
sem styður betur við foreldra sem missa son eða dóttur í sjálfsvígi.
Þeir þurfa einstaklingsbundinn stuðning í sorginni og upplýsingar
um langtímastuðning og úrræði. Heilsugæslan gæti tekið að sér
leiðtogahlutverk á þessu sviði í samráði við viðkomandi aðila.
Gæði kennslu um kynheilbrigði að mati framhaldsskólanema á Íslandi: Þversniðsrannsókn
Authors: Sigfúsdóttir Helga , Bender Sóley S. , Tryggvadóttir Guðný Bergþóra
Published: April 2024

Tilgangur
Á Íslandi eru fáar rannsóknir um hvernig kennslu um kynheilbrigði er
háttað í skólum og hvaða skoðanir unglingar hafa á henni. Tilgangur
rannsóknarinnar var að skoða mat framhaldsskólanema á gæðum kennslu
um kynheilbrigði út frá kennsluháttum, fræðsluþörfum og kynferðislegri
sjálfsvirðingu.

Aðferð
Rannsóknin var þversniðsrannsókn. Valdir voru ellefu framhaldsskólar víðs
vegar á landinu með tilgangsúrtaksaðferð. Í úrtakinu voru 2.488 nemendur,
18 ára og eldri. Könnunin var lögð fyrir í janúar 2022. Gagnagreining
byggðist á lýsandi tölfræði og tilgátuprófunum með Pearson kí-kvaðrat
prófi. Marktektarmörk miðuðust við p<0,05.

Niðurstöður
Alls svöruðu 648 nemendur (26%) könnuninni og voru konur fleiri en
karlar. Tvær af þremur tilgátum um viðhorf unglinga til kennsluhátta og
fræðsluþarfa stóðust en sú þriðja stóðst að takmörkuðu leyti. Marktækur
munur var á viðhorfum nemenda sem töldu sig hafa fengið góða
kennslu samanborið við þá sem töldu hana síðri varðandi fjölbreytni
kennsluaðferða (p<0,001), hæfni kennsluaðila (p<0,001), uppfyllingu
fræðsluþarfa (p<0,001), gæði svara (p<0,001) auk upplýsinga um
getnaðarvarnir (p<0,001) og kynsjúkdóma (p<0,001). Mat á gæðamun
kennslunnar út frá kynferðislegri sjálfsvirðingu sýndi aðeins marktækan
mun á tveimur af fimm atriðum sem voru: „Ég á auðvelt með að standa
með sjálfri/u/um mér þegar setja þarf mörk í kynlífi“ (p<0,05) og „Ég er
óhrædd/tt/ur að standa á mínu ef kynlífsfélagi þrýstir á mig“ (p<0,05).

Ályktanir
Um þriðjungur þátttakenda lýsti ánægju sinni með kennslu um
kynheilbrigði. Góð kennsla um kynheilbrigði að þeirra mati felst í
kennsluháttum og hversu vel hún mætir fræðsluþörfum þeirra. Leggja þarf
meiri áherslu á jákvæðar hliðar kynverundar í kennslu líkt og kynferðislega
sjálfsvirðingu.
„Sykursýki tegund 2 er alvarlegur sjúkdómur sem þarf að hugsa um daglega“: Reynsla einstaklinga, 65 ára og eldri, af sykursýkismóttöku heilsugæslunnar
Authors: Guðmundsdóttir Ingibjörg Ósk , Sigurðardóttir Árún K.
Published: April 2024

Tilgangur
Til að geta eflt og bætt sykursýkismóttöku fyrir einstaklinga ≥ 65 ára með
sykursýki tegund 2 á vegum heilsugæslunnar er mikilvægt að skilja og þekkja
reynslu og væntingar þeirra til þjónustunnar. Tilgangur rannsóknarinnar var
að fá fram reynslu og væntingar einstaklinga ≥ 65 ára á sykursýkismóttöku
á vegum heilsugæslunnar.

Aðferð
Eigindleg rannsóknaraðferð, gagnaöflun var með rýnihópaviðtölum
og eigindlegri aðleiðandi innihaldsgreiningu beitt við úrvinnslu gagna.
Skilyrði fyrir þátttöku var að vera ≥ 65 ára, með sjúkdómsgreininguna
sykursýki tegund 2. Þátttakendur voru 14 einstaklingar á aldrinum 66 til 82
ára, átta konur og sex karlar sem skipt var í fjóra rýnihópa. Viðtalsrammi
rýnihópaviðtala var saminn út frá fræðilegu lesefni og tilgangi
rannsóknarinnar.

Niðurstöður
Aðalþema rannsóknarinnar „Aukin meðvitund um að sykursýki tegund 2
er alvarlegur sjúkdómur sem þarf að hugsa um daglega“ var undirliggjandi
viðhorf þátttakenda til sjúkdómsins. Reynsla sem hefur áhrif á öryggis- og
vellíðunartilfinningu var rauði þráðurinn í rannsóknarniðurstöðunum.
Regluleg innköllun í sykursýkismóttöku, utanumhald og eftirlit var
þátttakendum mjög mikilvægt. Skortur á fagfólki og tíðar mannabreytingar
drógu úr öryggistilfinningu þátttakenda. Þátttakendur gerðu sér grein fyrir
eigin ábyrgð á heilsu sinni en fannst lítil áhersla vera lögð á andlega líðan
og heilsu í sykursýkismóttökunni. Einnig fannst þeim vera skortur á fræðslu
um fylgikvilla sykursýkinnar svo sem um sykurfall og aukaverkanir lyfja.
Almennt voru þátttakendur ánægðir með sykursýkismóttöku á vegum
heilsugæslunnar.

Ályktun
Öryggis- og vellíðunartilfinning er mjög mikilvægur þáttur fyrir einstaklinga
≥ 65 ára með sykursýki tegund 2, sem álitu sjúkdóminn alvarlegan. Það
að fagaðili hafði umsjón með innköllun í eftirlit og að hitta fagaðila
reglulega skiptir máli. Hjúkrunarfræðingar eru í lykilstöðu til að sinna
teymisstjórahlutverki í sykursýkismóttökum vegna heildrænnar nálgunar
þeirra á viðfangsefnið og faglegrar þekkingar. Niðurstöðurnar geta
nýst hjúkrunarfræðingum og öðrum fagstéttum við að efla og styrkja
sykursýkismóttöku á vegum heilsugæslunnar.
Tímalengd föstu og undirbúningur aðgerðar hjá 67 ára og eldri á Landspítala vegna mjaðmabrots: Lýsandi afturvirk rannsókn
Authors: Geirsdóttir Þuríður , Sigurðardóttir Árún Kristín , Ásmundsdóttir Lára Borg
Published: April 2024

Tilgangur
Áætlað er að 18% kvenna og 6% karla mjaðmabrotni á efri árum.
Mjaðmabrot geta orsakað mikla færniskerðingu og breytingu á högum
eldra fólks. Fasta fyrir skurðaðgerð er nauðsynlegur undirbúningur
aðgerðar en rannsóknir hafa sýnt að föstutími er of langur og bið eftir
að komast í aðgerð er að lengjast. Mikilvægt er að huga að næringu
hjá eldra fólki fyrir aðgerð til að koma í veg fyrir fylgikvilla. Tilgangur
rannsóknarinnar var að greina hvernig undirbúningi og föstu var háttað hjá
67 ára og eldri sem mjaðmabrotnuðu og fóru í aðgerð á Landspítala árið
2021. Einnig að skoða hvaða meðferðir voru veittar á biðtíma eftir aðgerð
og hvort mismunur væri milli aldurshópa á veittum meðferðum og hvaða
þættir tengjast lengd föstu á tæra drykki.

Aðferð
Megindleg afturvirk gagnarannsókn, þar sem gögn um sjúklinga 67 ára
og eldri, sem mjaðmabrotnuðu og fóru í aðgerð á Landspítala á tímabilinu
1. janúar til 30. júní 2021 voru greind.

Niðurstöður
Sjúklingar voru 144 talsins, meðalaldur var 82,1 ár (sf ±8,18). Biðtími eftir
aðgerð var að meðaltali 30 klst. (sf ±19,6) og meðalföstutími var 13 klst.
(sf ± 5,21). Vegna ófyrirséðra aðstæðna þurftu 40% að fasta tvo daga í röð.
Fjörutíu prósent höfðu óráðseinkenni fyrir aðgerð sem voru algengari
hjá ≥80 ára (n=83) miðað við þá sem voru ≤79 ára (n=61) p=0,038. Mat
á næringarástandi var framkvæmt hjá 14,6% sjúklinga fyrir aðgerð en
skráningu var oft ábótavant. Aðhvarfsgreining sýndi að lengri fasta á tæra
drykki fyrir aðgerð tengdist meiri notum á næringardrykkjum og að hærri
aldur dró úr lengd föstu (p=0,001).

Ályktun
Stytta þarf föstutíma þessa hóps fyrir aðgerð. Leggja þarf áherslu á að
stytta biðtíma eftir aðgerð til að koma í veg fyrir fylgikvilla hjá eldra fólki
sem mjaðmabrotnar. Huga þarf betur að næringu, líkamlegri, félagslegri
og andlegri virkni á biðtíma til að auka vellíðan og fyrirbyggja fylgikvilla í
kjölfar aðgerðar. Leggja þarf áherslu á að bæta hjúkrunarskráningu.
Hæfni hjúkrunarfræðinemenda á lokaári og ári eftir útskrift, námsumhverfi og áhrif þess á hæfnina: Lýsandi ferilrannsókn
Authors: Sveinsdóttir Herdís , Svavarsdóttir Margrét Hrönn , Blöndal Katrín , Thorsteinsson Hrund S. , Ingadóttir Brynja
Published: April 2024

Tilgangur
Tilgangur rannsóknarinnar er að kanna almenna hæfni, siðferðilega hæfni
og siðferðisstyrk í hjúkrun meðal íslenskra hjúkrunarfræðinemenda á
lokaári og ári eftir útskrift. Jafnframt að lýsa mati þeirra á námsumhverfi
sínu, meðal annars líðan í klínísku námi og hæfni hjúkrunarkennara auk
þess að skoða samband þessara þátta.

Aðferð
Rannsóknin var lýsandi ferilrannsókn og var gagna aflað rafrænt hjá
hjúkrunarfræðinemendum (N=117) á Íslandi sem útskrifuðust árið 2019.
Notað var matstækið Nurse Competence Scale (IS-NCS) sem inniheldur
73 atriði og skiptist í sjö hæfniþætti (umönnunarhlutverk, kennsluog
leiðbeinendahlutverk, greiningarhlutverk, stjórnun í aðstæðum,
hjúkrunaríhlutanir, tryggingu gæða og starfshlutverk). Hæfni var
mæld á kvarða 0 (mjög lítil hæfni) til 100 (mjög mikil hæfni) fyrir hvert
atriði. Siðferðisstyrkur við hjúkrun var mældur á kvarða 0 (lítill) til 100
(mikill). Námsumhverfi var mælt með matstækjunum Clinical Learning
Environment Supervision and Nurse Teacher Scale og Tool for Evaluation
of Requirments of Nurse Educator, auk fleiri spurninga. Gögn voru greind
með lýsandi tölfræði og ályktunartölfræði.

Niðurstöður
Svörun hjúkrunarfræðinemenda var 55% (n=64) og 59% (n=33) ári eftir
útskrift. Ekki var marktækur munur á sjálfmetinni hæfni milli mælinga. Í
námi var meðalhæfnin 69,1 (sf=11,5), mest í greiningarhlutverki (M=75,6)
og minnst í kennslu- og leiðbeinendahlutverki (M=66,3). Ári eftir útskrift
mældist meðalhæfni 68,5 (sf=12,3), mest í umönnunarhlutverki (M=78,2)
og minnst í tryggingu gæða (M=63,9). Meðaltal sjálfmetins siðferðisstyrks
við hjúkrun var ágætt (M frá 69,3 til 76,0). Almennt mátu nemendur
námsumhverfi gott og voru ánægðir með fræðilegt og klínískt nám.
Marktæk jákvæð fylgni var á milli heildarkvarða og flestra undirkvarða
IS-NCS við sjálfmetinn siðferðisstyrk við hjúkrun.

Ályktun
Niðurstöður sýna að námsumhverfi stuðlar að góðri hæfni að mati
hjúkrunarfræðinga og að nemendur meta námsumhverfi sitt og eigin
hæfni við útskrift og ári síðar góða. Einnig má álykta að námið ýti undir
siðferðilegan undirbúning meðan á námi stendur og eftir að því lýkur.
КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ КРИМІНАЛЬНИХ ПРАВОПОРУШЕНЬ, ПОВ’ЯЗАНИХ ІЗ ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНОЮ ДІЯЛЬНІСТЮ
Authors: Лопащук Д. І.
Published: April 2024

У статті зроблена спроба визначити та класифікувати кримінально-правові норми, за якими винна особа може бути притягнута до кримінальної відповідальності за вчинення кримінальних правопорушень у сфері зовнішньоекономічній діяльності. До таких кримінально-правових норм, на переконання автора, варто віднести: стст. 191, 199, 201, 201-1, 201-3, 201-4, 203-1, 208, 212, 268, 305, 333 КК України.

Приділено увагу окремим аспектам Закону України «Про внесення змін до Кримінального та Кримінального процесуального кодексів України щодо криміналізації контрабанди товарів», який вніс зміни до ст. 201 КК України та ввів до Кримінального кодексу України статті 201-3 та 201-4.

Звернено увагу на необхідність внесення змін до статті 212 КК у частині зменшення показника розміру притягнення до кримінальної відповідальності за ухилення від сплати податків, зборів (обов’язкових платежів) суб’єктами цього кримінального правопорушення. Оскільки такий завищений розмір дає можливість недобросовісним учасникам ЗЕД, і не лише учасникам зовнішньоекономічної діяльності, ухилятися від сплати податків, використовуючи менші суми, тим самим уникати кримінальної відповідальності.

Надано кримінально-правову характеристику кримінальним правопорушенням, які вчиняються за статтею 305 КК України, за фактами контрабанди наркотичних засобів, психотропних речовин, їх аналогів чи прекурсорів.

Відтак на основі отриманих теоретичних та практичних даних пропонується саме за викладеними у статті критеріями визначати та класифікувати кримінально-правові норми, за якими винна особа може бути притягнута до кримінальної відповідальності за вчинення кримінальних правопорушень під час здійснення ЗЕД.
БОРОТЬБА З ВОЄННИМИ ЗЛОЧИНАМИ ТА ПРОБЛЕМА ЗАХИСТУ КУЛЬТУРНОЇ СПАДЩИНИ І ПРАВ ЛЮДИНИ
Authors: Хашімова Л. Ф.
Published: April 2024

У статті широко аналізується проблема протидії воєнним злочинам і захисту культурної спадщини та прав людини з урахуванням існуючого розмаїття думок у юридичній літературі та важливих міжнародних документах. Зазначається, що поряд із знищенням культурної спадщини, яке є різновидом воєнних злочинів, на це в певній формі спрямовані й інші злочини (зґвалтування, геноцид, злочини проти людства). У статті аналізуються деякі важливі міжнародні угоди ЮНЕСКО, важливої міжнародної організації у сфері охорони культурної спадщини, у тісній взаємодії з міжнародними угодами, прийнятими у сфері міжнародного гуманітарного права. Зазначене здійснюється одночасно із взаємним переглядом національного законодавства Азербайджанської Республіки.

У статті стверджується, що боротьба з воєнними злочинами та захист культурної спадщини тісно пов’язані з правами людини, які мають бути пов’язані із захистом культурних прав загалом. Тому проблеми охорони культурної спадщини варто аналізувати у тісній взаємодії з правами людини. У статті також зроблено пропозицію в напрямі створення міжнародного права. Отже, обґрунтовано необхідність ухвалення Додаткового протоколу до Конвенції 1948 р. про попередження злочину геноциду та покарання за нього, який містить елементи «культурного геноциду».

На завершення висувається ряд теоретичних і практичних пропозицій щодо проблеми протидії воєнним злочинам і захисту культурної спадщини та прав людини. Зазначається, що для підвищення відповідальності держав у цій сфері необхідно чітко сформувати механізми імплементації норм прийнятих міжнародних документів, вжити відповідних заходів для їх ефективної національно-правової реалізації, нарешті, заходи відповідальності мають бути посилені в рамках національного законодавства.