bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Uso do Descritor HOG no Problema da Classificação de Cenas Acústicas sobre o Domínio Wavelet
Authors: Mattesco Lucas , de Abreu Caio
Published: December 2019

O problema de Classificação de Cenas Acústicas consiste em analisar e atribuir um rótulo semântico a uma determinada gravação de áudio, por meio de algoritmos, de forma a classificar o cenário acústico onde o sinal de áudio foi capturado de acordo com um número finito de classes. A aplicação do descritor Histograma de Gradientes Orientados (HOG), em conjunto com a análise Wavelet é o foco da nossa investigação.
Proposta de Inclusão do Programa Meninas Digitais no Movimento Maker Através da Plataforma Digital Autodesk Tinkercad
Authors: Leite Júnior , Antunes Juliana , Santos Thays , Oliveira Ícaro , Souza Thayná , Sousa Jonathan
Published: December 2019

Este artigo trata do Movimento Maker e da sua importância para a revolução social, particularmente, no desenvolvimento da expressão "faça-você-mesmo", decorrente da popularização do termo e avanço tecnológico. O Movimento é conhecido pelo seu compartilhamento de ideias e projetos que visam o conhecimento. Todavia, a junção do Programa Meninas Digitais ao Movimento Maker tende a crescer. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho é o ensino da eletrônica básica na simulação de projetos e circuitos eletrônicos por meio de uma plataforma digital, além da aplicação do Movimento Maker nas ações do programa. Utilizou-se a plataforma digital Autodesk TinkerCad como proposta para a verificação do interesse e aplicação deste artigo, bem como, o intuito de validar a ideia de ingressar nesse movimento através de cursos voltados para o ensino de eletrônica básica.
Shadow IT como Ferramenta Educacional: Uma Abordagem no Ensino Superior
Authors: Rodrigues Fernando , Thereza Wesley , de Almeida Darley , Oliveira Uilliam
Published: December 2019

A área de Tecnologia da Informação (T.I.) tem se modificado devido às tecnologias que os profissionais têm trazido para o interior das organizações sem o conhecimento dessa ciência. Assim, surge o termo Shadow IT que está relacionado à utilização de qualquer hardware e software que são usados para manipular dados da organização e o TI não tem conhecimento. O objetivo do presente trabalho é verificar se há o uso de Shadow IT no ambiente educaciona. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico sobre Shadow IT, além de uma investigação na área da informática na educação, a fim de estabelecer a relação entre o uso pelos alunos de hardware e softwares que não pertencem a Instituição, para se ter o aprendizado no âmbito do Ensino Superior.
Ghosts or Absence of Light? The Understanding of Shadows
Authors: Oesterdiekhoff Georg W.
Published: December 2019

Ethnography and historical disciplines report on different kinds of folk or premodern societies’ ideas and superstitions regarding shadows that are not to find among the collective representations of modern, industrial societies. Shadows were seen as material substances and as doubles of persons and objects, as mystical beings capable to exert all kinds of magical influences. After certain time, however, these ideas were replaced by the rational view that seems so self-evident to every modern adult person. The article shows that developmental psychology has found the same mystical ideas among children. Only older children, due to their psychological development, discover the rational explanation of the origin and nature of shadows. It is argued that the strict parallel of the ontogenetic and historical development of the understanding of shadows is by no means an exception but reflects the same parallel concerning the development of the complete understanding of nature and world, physics and cosmos. Overall, developmental psychology delivers a key to understanding the historical development of humankind, thus forming a basis for ethnology or cultural anthropology specifically, or the human disciplines in general. This in former times widely demonstrated view was replaced by the currently prevailing ideas of “cultural relativism” and “universalism of mankind” especially after 1980. However, the empirical data do not support relativism and universalism but rather the developmental approaches of the previous generations of the human disciplines.
Hepatoselüler Karsinom ve Diğer Karaciğer Tümörlerinin Ayrımında Difüzyon Ağırlıklı Manyetik Rezonans Görüntülemenin Etkinliği
Authors: ERDOĞAN Hasan , ARSLAN Serdar , DURMAZ Mehmet Sedat
Published: December 2019

Amaç: Difüzyon ağırlıklı manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG), dokulardaki su moleküllerinin difüzyonuna bağlı hareketlerinin ölçümü prensibine dayanan bir MRG yönetimidir. Hepatoselüler karsinom (HSK), karaciğerin en sık görülen primer malign tümörü olup, erken evrede diğer lezyonlardan ayırt edilebilmesi küratif tedavi açısından çok önemlidir. Biz bu çalışmada, HSK'yı, metastaz, kolanjiokarsinom ve fokal nodüler hiperplazi (FNH) gibi diğer sık görülen karaciğer fokal lezyonlarından ayırt etmede difüzyon MRG'nin etkinliğini araştırmayı amaçladık.

Yöntemler: Histopatolojik olarak HSK, metastaz, kolanjiokarsinom ve FNH tanısı mevcut olan toplam 157 hastanın difüzyon MRG görüntüleri retrospektif olarak taranarak, lezyonların görünür difüzyon katsayısı (ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient) ölçümleri yapıldı. ADC değerleri istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırılarak, özellikle HSK'yı diğer lezyonlardan ayırt etmede ADC değerlerinin tanıya katkı sağlayıp sağlamadığı değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Ortalama ADC değerleri, çalışmamıza dahil ettiğimiz 38 HSK olgusunda 836,6 ± 182,4 x10-6 mm2/sn, 22 kolanjiokarsinom olgusunda 801,4 ± 239,4 x10-6 mm2/sn, 77 metastaz olgusunda 923,7 ± 279,0 x10-6 mm2/sn ve 20 FNH olgusunda 1202,9 ± 139,3 x10-6 mm2/sn olarak ölçüldü. HSK ile FNH'ın ADC değerleri arasında anlamlı istatistiksel fark saptandı. HSK ile diğer fokal lezyonlar arasında ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı.

Sonuç: HSK'yı FNH'dan ayırt etmede ADC değerleri tanıya ek katkı sağlarken, HSK'yı kolanjiokarsinom ve metastazdan ayırt etmede ADC değerleri tanıya ek katkı sağlamamaktadır.
Akut İnmede Risk Faktörü ve Prognoz Üzerine Etkisi ile Magnezyum
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Ünal , AYDIN ÖZTÜRK Pınar , ASENA Muhammet
Published: December 2019

Amaç: Serebrovasküler olay önemli bir morbidite ve mortalite nedenidir. Serebrovasküler hastalıkların

değiştirilebilen nedenlerinin belirlenmesi serebrovasküler olayın engellenmesi ve/veya morbidite ve mortalitenin

azaltılmasında önem arz etmektedir.

Magnezyumun hayvan modellerinde nöroproteksiyon sağladığına dair kanıtlar olsa da, serebrovasküler olay sırasında

magnezyum etkinliğine dair sınırlı klinik kanıt bulunmaktadır.

Bu çalışma ile serebrovasküler olayda magnezyumun değiştirilebilir bir risk faktörü olarak değerlendirilmesi ve

mortalite üzerine etkisinin olup olmadığının araştırılması planlandı.

Yöntemler: Retrospektif olan çalışmamıza 1203 hasta dahil edildi. Hastalar serebrovasküler olay ve kontrol olmak

üzere 2 gruba ayrıldı. Hastaların magnezyum düzeyleri yatışın birinci gününde ölçüldü. Çalışmaya hastaların yaşı,

cinsiyeti, serum magnezyum düzeyi, hipertansiyon/diyabet varlığı ve hastaların son durumu dahil edildi.

Bulgular: Hastaların %52,7’si erkek, %47,3’ü kadındı. Serebrovasküler olay grubunda E/K:0.94 olarak bulundu.

Serebrovasküler olayın %26,7’si hemorajik serebrovasküler olay, %73,3’ü iskemik serebrovasküler olay olarak takip

edilmiştir. Kontrol grubu ortalama serum magnezyum düzeyi 2,28 mg/dL, serebrovasküler olay grubu için ortalama

1,87 mg/dL’ydi. Kontrol grubunda diyabet oranı %5,6, serebrovasküler olay grubunda diyabet oranı %11,5 olarak

saptanmıştır. Kontrol grubunda hipertansiyon oranı %54,8, serebrovasküler olay grubunda hipertansiyon oranı

%60,9 olarak saptanmıştır. Kontrol grubunda mortalite oranı %1,6 iken serebrovasküler olay grubunda mortalite

oranı %20,8 olarak bulunmuştur.

Sonuç: Serebrovasküler olay hastalarında erkek cinsiyet oranının literatürlerden düşük, hemorajik serebrovasküler

olay oranının literatürlerden yüksek olarak saptanması dikkat çekici bir özellikti. Düşük serum magnezyum düzeyinin

serebrovasküler olay için bir risk faktörü olabileceği ancak tek başına mortalite üzerine etkisi olmadığı gözlenmiştir.

Diyabetes mellitus ve hipertansiyonun serum magnezyum ile ilişkisinin olmaması, serebrovasküler olay hastalarında

mortalitenin literatürlerden düşük oranda saptandığı elde edilen diğer verilerdir.
Newman’s Argument from Conscience
Authors: Gage Logan Paul ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2019

Recent authors, emphasizing Newman’s distaste for natural theology—especially William Paley’s design argument—have urged us to follow Newman’s lead and reject design arguments. But I argue that Newman’s own argument for God’s existence (his argument from conscience) fails without a supplementary design argument or similar reason to think our faculties are truth-oriented. In other words, Newman appears to need the kind of argument he explicitly rejects. Finding Newman’s rejection of natural theology to stem primarily from factors other than worries about cogency, however, I further argue that there is little reason not to pursue design arguments in order to save the argument from conscience.
Vocation and Enclosure in Colonial Nuns’ Spiritual Autobiographies
Authors: Hanckock-Parmer Teresa ,   Marquette University Press
Published: December 2019

This article examines the discourse of enclosure utilized by Maria de San Jose (1656-1719, Puebla), Jeronima Nava y Saavedra (1669-1727, Bogota), and Francisca Josefa de Castillo (1671-1742, Tunja, Colombia) in their spiritual autobiographies. Despite dissimilar personal vocation narratives, these Hispanic nuns embraced enclosure as a tool of continuing spiritual advancement, both before and after actual profession of monastic vows. They portrayed the cloister simultaneously as connubial bedchamber and isolated hermitage, thus ascribing Baroque religious meaning to ancient anchoritic models through intersecting discourses of desert solitude, redemptive suffering, Eucharistic devotion, and nuptial mysticism. To attain ideal enclosure for self and others, these nuns advocated for reform in New World convents, which often reproduced worldly hierarchies, conflicts, and values. Enclosure, more than a symbolic vow or ecclesiastical mandate, constituted a formative practice that fostered correct action and attitude in nuns’ lives; these women conscientiously sought a cloistered life through which they cultivated holiness and created new spiritual meaning.
“Be Not Afeared”
Authors: Süner Ahmet ,   Marquette University Press
Published: December 2019

This paper looks at the thematic and rhetorical variations of a fundamental fear that frequently surfaces in Shakespeare’s The Tempest: the fear of illegitimate birth, which may also be understood as the fear of non-contractual sexuality. Sycorax is the prominent supernatural figure that the play deploys to depict unpredictable, indeterminate and horrible acts of creation unsanctioned by society. The paper shows how the fear of illegitimate birth not only shapes entire characters such as Sycorax and Caliban, but also infiltrates the language and figures that prevail in Prospero’s orchestrations of the marriage plot, his betrothal masque and his deployment of Greco-Roman mythologies (Hymen, Venus and Cupid). This fear is also connected with the play’s other fears and desires evoked in Gonzalo’s anarchist utopia and in the play’s preoccupations with the issue of legitimate government. The focus on the fear of illegitimate birth and non-contractual sexuality connects the different plot elements and rhetorical devices used in the play in a novel way, providing a plausible explanation for Prospero’s burst at Caliban in the masque scene and foregrounding (and hence doing justice to) the long-neglected figure of Sycorax.
Complacência estética e satisfação do querer na metafísica do belo de Schopenhauer
Authors: Salviano Jarlee Oliveira Silva
Published: December 2019

Seguindo os passos de Kant, Schopenhauer erige sua Metafísica do belo a partir da concepção de arte “desinteressada”. O conhecimento determinado por motivos proporciona ao espectador da arte o “excitante” e a mera satisfação empírica, mas não o belo ou o sublime. O gênio, representação mais potente e eficaz da subjetividade pura do conhecimento, é descrito no Livro III de O mundo como vontade e representação de modo aparentemente ambíguo: como o Willenlos (isento de vontade), como aquele “livre da tempestade das paixões” e do “ímpeto dos desejos”. Mas, ao mesmo tempo, como aquele “submetido a afetos veementes e paixões irracionais”. No entanto, trata-se, na vivência estética do gênio ou do contemplador da arte, de um prazer desinteressado, de uma complacência de outra ordem que a do homem do senso comum e de ciência. O artigo procura, então, analisar o conceito de complacência ou satisfação estética em Schopenhauer e seu enraizamento na filosofia de Kant.
“A gênese da ideia de tempo”, de Henri Bergson
Authors: Souza José Paulo Maldonado de , Rocha Gabriel Kafure da
Published: December 2019

A presente tradução refere-se à resenha de Henri Bergson ao livro de Jean-Marie Guyau, La genèse de l'idée de temps (1890). Nesse texto, Bergson recepciona a obra de Guyau contrastando-a às suas próprias ideias em desenvolvimento sobre a temática do tempo e sua relação com a consciência e a memória.
Erros de memória e erros de (teorias da) memória
Authors: Dantas Danilo Fraga
Published: December 2019

Nesse artigo, investigo três casos de erros de memória obtidos em laboratório como forma de avaliar as principais teorias da memória (declarativa): teoria causal e simulacionismo. De maneira geral, a teoria causal afirma que alguém lembra de algo somente se sua lembrança está numa relação causal adequada com uma experiência anterior daquilo que é lembrado. No simulacionismo, essa relação não é necessária. Os casos de erros de memória investigados são DRM, “perdido no shopping” e erro de conjunção de conteúdo. Esses casos são difíceis para a teoria causal, especialmente em sua versão direta, mas não para o simulacionismo. Minha hipótese é a de que essa dificuldade se deve especificamente ao critério causal adotado.
Liberdade, responsabilidade moral e justiça eterna em Schopenhauer
Authors: Pavão Aguinaldo
Published: December 2019

Para Schopenhauer, a liberdade moral não pode ser entendida como um poder que o homem teria de, a cada ação, decidir agir de um modo ou de outro com base em sua própria vontade. Embora as ações humanas estejam submetidas à mais estrita necessidade, a responsabilidade é possível haja vista que a vontade do homem como coisa em si, seu caráter inteligível, é livre. Além disso, Schopenhauer defende que o mundo é regido pela justiça eterna. De acordo com essa noção, a atribuição responsabilidade moral ao atormentador pelos sofrimentos que causa ao atormentado prende-se a uma diferença que não atinge a coisa em si. Algoz e vítima são unos, visto que a vontade vive em ambos. Nesse artigo, exploro esses pontos para tentar mostrar o insucesso de Schopenhauer ao tentar elucidar os juízos de responsabilidade moral.
Multiple perspectives in conflict settings: An introduction
Authors: Elcheroth Guy , Penic Sandra , Usoof Ramila , Reicher Steve
Published: December 2019

In this introduction to the special thematic section, we discuss the pre-eminent research orientation in the social and political psychology of peace and conflict, its current critiques, and what more multiple perspectives can add to the field. First, we outline key characteristics of the ‘simple road’ to conflict settings: a simple, often binary, definition of the sides involved, a focus on one conflict-induced negative outcome and on one causal pathway leading to it, and a motivation to derive policy recommendations from empirical findings. Second, we discuss constructivist, normative, ecological, and pragmatic critiques of the ‘simple road’, as four distinct strands grounded in different epistemological assumptions, but converging on the account that research priorities need to be revised and methodologies be expanded. Third, engaging with the fundamental questions raised by the critiques, we make a plea for more multiple perspectives: for multiple voices among research participants (more diversified samples), for multiple positions from where to listen to these voices (more time-points and multi-factorial approaches), and for multiple sensors with which to capture them (more mixed methods). We highlight how the different contributions to the section provide creative developments along one or several of the three axes. On the basis of the concrete inspiring examples they provide, we argue that a field growing along these axes would increase its capacity to bridge its most important critical developments and to expand its scope in relevant directions.
Working together, living together: Jewish and Palestinian citizens of Israel crossing imagined group boundaries
Authors: Nicholson Cathy
Published: December 2019

This paper explores the permeability of imagined boundaries between Jewish and Palestinian citizens of Israel who work together as medics in Israel. The medics’ shared work environment, based on medical ethics and inclusiveness across staff and patient populations, was effective in providing a safe, equal and satisfactory professional work setting. This contrasted with the external non-working environment where structural asymmetry placed the minority group in a position of perceived inequality and non-recognition. A sense of threat related to the Jewish Israeli narratives, highlighted by the war in Gaza in 2014, led to intergroup tensions that seeped into the work environment. This took the form of a justification of the state to deal with the conflict, juxtaposed with the Palestinian Israelis conflicted loyalties between their Israeli citizenship and their Palestinian heritage. The role of contact research is discussed to argue how intergroup tensions can be played out across different social and political contexts. The theoretical concept of themata, defined as a foundation for developing social representations around dialogical constructed boundaries, was integral to map and explore group positioning through a qualitative methodology This approach was found to be useful in exploring an environment in a natural setting, set within a context of structural asymmetry and ongoing conflict. These findings contribute to existing research on interpretations of contact theory, intergroup boundaries and possibilities of reconciliation.
Village guards as “in between” in the Turkish-Kurdish conflict: Re-examining identity and position in intergroup conflict
Authors: Acar Yasemin Gülsüm
Published: December 2019

The current paper utilizes new approaches in intergroup conflict studies to examine the village guard system and its role in the Turkish-Kurdish conflict in Turkey. Recent work suggests that a two-group paradigm in researching intergroup conflict leaves out important contextual factors that influence trajectories and outcomes of conflict. The current paper is based on a project examining the views of 63 active and retired village guards in five provinces in eastern Turkey. Participants were asked how they became village guards, their experiences while holding the position and after they’ve retired, their relationship with neighbors and neighboring villages, as well as their views on the peace process and whether they believe a lasting peace is possible. Results indicate that village guards became guards either because their tribe took arms as a whole, they felt economically there were few other options, or were pressured by the state. Participants also reported feeling otherized by both non-village guard neighbors as well as state actors, and were generally positive about a peaceful outcome to the conflict but were concerned about the sincerity of the government.
Creative heritage of Lev Alperovich (1874–1913): from realism toward symbolism
Authors: Usova Nadezhda
Published: December 2019

The article presents Lev Alperovich, a little-known to general public Belarusian painter of the beginning of the 20th century, who was Ivan Trutnev’s student in Vilnius Drawing School and a student of Ilya Repin in the Emperor’s Arts Academy in St. Petersburg. The works of Lev Alperovich that survived after the World War II are kept in the National Art Museum of the Republic of Belarus. The analysis of the painter’s biography and creative heritage reveals a new vector which was gradually emerging in Minsk at the beginning of the 20th century, i.e remoteness from the academic late “peredvizhniki” realism and the ambition to find a niche in the evolving Russian modern style or the European Art Nouveau style and symbolism. Relatively sparse artistic heritage of Alperovich – single and group portraits, genrepainting, everyday life scenes and staffage landscapes – allows the author to single out this painter as a Belarusian painting phenomenon of the 20th century.
The Canadian Rebellions of 1837 and 1838 as a Borderland War: A Retrospective
Authors: Dunning Tom
Published: December 2019

Historians of Southwestern United States history and culture have created the concept of a borderland to explain the historical circumstances of the area where Anglo-America ran into Hispanic America. Its application to the Upper Canada-Great Lakes area during 1837-1838 will allow a re-interpretation of the Canadian Rebellions of 1837 and the subsequent invasions of 1838 as part of a borderland war. Hopefully this approach will eliminate any tensions over the nationalist component of the Canadian Exiles or American Patriot Hunters. I also want to focus on the Battle of Prescott or the Windmill as the significant event of this borderland war, relying on the writings of two of the Exile narrativists, William Gates and Stephen Wright. Finally I hope to contribute some reflections on the significance of these Exiles/Patriots after almost twenty years of an acquaintance of sort with them.
From Immigrant to Establishment
Authors: Dawson Hilary J.
Published: December 2019

This is the remarkable story of a Black family who came to Toronto in the 1830s, escaping from bondage and racism in the United States. The Lafferty family achieved levels of education and professional prominence that could only be dreamed of by free Blacks south of the border. One of their sons in particular – Alfred Lafferty, born in Toronto in 1839 – would rise to the position of principal of several grammar schools in different parts of the province, and become the first Black lawyer in Chatham, Ontario. His personal history provides a fascinating illustration of race and class in nineteenth-century Ontario. It demonstrates one family’s accommodation to the restrictions imposed by Canada’s unspoken prejudice against people of colour.
Ushering children away from a “light grey world”
Authors: McNeil Daniel
Published: December 2019

This paper is about Dr. Daniel Hill III, the first director of the Ontario Human Rights Agency. Paying particular attention to Dr Hill’s work with the Committee for the Adoption of Coloured Youngsters and the Ontario Black History Society, I argue that he fashioned himself as “Negro race man”, a masculinist term assigned to people who sought to lead a Black community in North America and lay to rest the infantilised and feminized image of the “tragic mulatto” trapped in a “light grey world”.
The art museum and the public library under a single roof
Authors: Williamson Mary F.
Published: December 2019

When in 1883 James Bain became the first chief librarian of the Toronto Public Library he was a fervent subscriber to the growing international enthusiasm for the integration of public libraries, art galleries and museums under one roof. It was said that these institutions belonged to all citizens and not just to an elite, and that they shared cultural aims that could be accomplished if their inter-dependency were recognized. While various obstacles – not the least was funding – prevented Bain from achieving this ideal in Toronto, under his leadership the Toronto Public Library became a major player in the art life of the city as a venue for exhibitions by individual artists and artists’ societies, and by acquiring thousands of works of art through donation and purchase. In the early 1900s all over Ontario, art lovers encouraged their fellow citizens to take advantage of art exhibitions and purchase opportunities in the public libraries, and to become involved in the creation and growth of library art collections.
The CMHC in Ajax, Ontario: 1948-1950
Authors: McGeachy Robert
Published: December 2019

Between 1948 and 1950, the federal crown corporation, Central Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) sold off most of its extensive holdings in the small Ontario community of Ajax. This process was surprisingly arduous and complex as the CMHC attempted to ensure that the community and the immediate surrounding area had suitable plans to regulate potentially uncontrolled growth. The local federal member of Parliament and residents were among the actors who resisted the CMHC efforts. Ontario governmental officials also played a complex almost duplicitous role in the proceedings. Eventually, the CMHC withdrew from Ajax without achieving most of its objectives. This case study highlights the complications that can occur when three levels of government become involved in a contentious undertaking such as establishing a new municipal government.
Grave and Nave
Authors: McIlwraith Thomas F. , Hummer Mark
Published: December 2019

Cultural landscapes are architectural creations, which is to say that all mankind’s scratchings on the earth surface have a style as well as a substance. In this essay we explore the design of Christian church sites and burying grounds established throughout rural Ontario and dating from the early nineteenth century. The liturgical significance of having graves and church aisles facing east appears to have been widely understood and appreciated, but applying these rules on the land frequently failed to occur. In a field study of 150 cemeteries and more than 200 church buildings we find that burials hold to the rule of eastness much more than did churches. We discuss possible reasons for this inconsistency in landscape design.
La violence contre soi-même dans le terrorisme contemporain
Authors: Imbeault Marc
Published: December 2019

Ce texte est une réflexion sur la « quête de la mort » dans le djihadisme contemporain. Cette quête serait, d’après Olivier Roy, l’élément fondamental du projet des jeunes générations de terroristes. Pour comprendre le phénomène, des textes de Freud et d’Hélène L’Heuillet sont d’abord analysés. Il en ressort que le terrorisme n’était pas, auparavant, associé à la volonté de mourir, mais plutôt à la volonté de combattre au risque de mourir, ce qui est différent. Cette approche est cependant problématique à certains égards. Car il est également vrai que la quête de la mort est une constante des « profondeurs » de la psyché humaine et, qu’en ce sens, il n’est pas surprenant de la voir ressurgir au sein du terrorisme et du djihadisme. Il est nécessaire de rappeler, avec Monique Lauret, l’importance d’utiliser avec prudence l’hypothèse freudienne de la pulsion de mort, sans oublier le cas particulier des femmes « volontaires de la mort ».
Le débat entre Gilles Kepel et Olivier Roy. Anatomie d’un désaccord
Authors: Boily Frédéric
Published: December 2019

Cet article propose un examen des débats et controverses qui sont survenus entre deux spécialistes français, Gilles Kepel et Olivier Roy, reconnus pour leurs travaux sur l’islamisme. Il s’agit d’examiner les deux thèses opposées à la lumière de l’importance qui est accordée ou non à la variable idéologique afin d’expliquer les actes terroristes qui ont frappé la France et fait des centaines de victimes dans les dernières années. L’article se penche sur trois dimensions en particulier. La première concerne l’importance de l’idéologie islamiste comme facteur explicatif des actes de terreur, alors que la seconde explore celle de la révolution des technologies de l’information en tant que véhicule dans l’émergence du radicalisme. Enfin, la dernière section revient sur le profil sociologique et psychologique de ceux qui ont commis des actes terroristes afin de voir s’il faut parler de « fous de Dieu » ou de criminels. L’article permet ainsi de saisir les oppositions théoriques et sociologiques qui existent entre les lectures de Kepel et de Roy.
Le juge et la victime dans le cadre du processus de détermination de la peine
Authors: Dubé Richard , Garcia Margarida
Published: December 2019

Dans le présent article, les auteurs ont voulu mieux connaître le point de vue des juges canadiens quant au rôle et à l’incidence de la déclaration des victimes d’actes criminels concernant le processus décisionnel de la détermination de la peine (sentencing). De plus en plus engagées dans ce processus, les victimes exercent-elles une influence en la matière ? Contribuent-elles au durcissement du régime des peines au Canada ? Quels avantages et désavantages les juges attribuent-ils à ce rapprochement victimaire ? Autant de questions qui ont été explorées à travers des entretiens qualitatifs réalisés auprès de magistrats canadiens. Les résultats obtenus laissent entrevoir certains risques certes, mais ils permettent en général de conclure en faveur d’un encadrement plutôt strict qui ne menace ni l’indépendance judiciaire ni les garanties juridiques du justiciable.
Unity: Basic 360 video
Authors: Soler-Adillon Joan
Published: December 2019

Among many other things, Unity is a great environment to work with 360-degree video. This step by step guide explains the basics to set up your project with a scene that plays a 360 video.
ДОПУШТЕНОСТ УГОВАРАЊА НАКНАДЕ ТРОШКОВА ОБРАДЕ КРЕДИТА
Authors: Радић Дарко
Published: December 2019

Уговор о кредиту, према учесталости и значају у прав-ном промету, представља један од важнијих правних послова, за који сеу посљедње вријеме везују одређена спорна питања. Једно од њих односисе на правну допуштеност уговорне одредбе о накнади трошкова обра-де кредита. У односу на ово питање евидентни су различити ставови,посебно у судској пракси. Аутор у овом раду полази од претпоставке даје уговарање одредбе о накнади трошкова обраде кредита дозвољено. Утом смислу, разматрају се релевантни прописи из области облигационогправа, банкарског права и заштите потрошача. Циљ овог истраживањаје да се анализира актуелна судска пракса у Босни и Херцеговини и да сеодговори на питање усаглашености уговорне одредбе о накнади трош-кова обраде кредита са позитивним прописима у Босни и Херцеговини.
Inferring synaptic inputs from spikes with a conductance-based neural encoding model
Authors: Latimer Kenneth W , Rieke Fred , Pillow Jonathan W
Published: December 2019

Descriptive statistical models of neural responses generally aim to characterize the mapping from stimuli to spike responses while ignoring biophysical details of the encoding process. Here, we introduce an alternative approach, the conductance-based encoding model (CBEM), which describes a mapping from stimuli to excitatory and inhibitory synaptic conductances governing the dynamics of sub-threshold membrane potential. Remarkably, we show that the CBEM can be fit to extracellular spike train data and then used to predict excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents. We validate these predictions with intracellular recordings from macaque retinal ganglion cells. Moreover, we offer a novel quasi-biophysical interpretation of the Poisson generalized linear model (GLM) as a special case of the CBEM in which excitation and inhibition are perfectly balanced. This work forges a new link between statistical and biophysical models of neural encoding and sheds new light on the biophysical variables that underlie spiking in the early visual pathway.
Rośliny lecznicze z komponentem kolorystycznym w polskim i niemieckim językowym obrazie świata
Authors: Bawej Izabela
Published: December 2019

Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest semantyczno-kulturowej interpretacji nazw ziół w polskim i niemieckim językowym obrazie świata. Jego celem jest opis porównawczy nazw gatunkowych roślin leczniczych z komponentem barwy. Określenia takie są bogate znaczeniowo, przekazują nie tylko informacje o wartości i funkcji koloru w codziennym życiu, ale pokazują również, w jaki sposób ludzie w danej kulturze postrzegają, uwydatniają i wartościują elementy otaczającej ich rzeczywistości pozajęzykowej. Nomenklatura fitoterapeutyczna z elementem kolorystycznym jest bowiem produktem określonej kultury, łączącym w sobie elementy codziennego życia użytkowników danego języka, odzwierciedlającym tradycje, zwyczaje oraz sposoby myślenia członków danego narodu o rzeczywistości pozajęzykowej. Przedmiotem analizy jest materiał egzemplifikacyjny pochodzący ze źródeł leksykograficznych. Z badania wynika m.in., że językowy obraz nazw roślin leczniczych zależy nie tylko od wyglądu rośliny, jej walorów smakowych, wartości czy mocy, ale również od potrzeb i wybranych skojarzeń danej zbiorowości językowej, a największą reprezentację w nazwach ziół znalazły barwy biała i czarna.Słowa klucze: zioła, kolor, rzeczywistość, analiza, podobieństwa, różnice
"Jestem z wami sercem i myślami". O sposobach komunikowania empatii w dyskursie (studium przypadku)
Authors: Falkowska Marta Helena
Published: December 2019

The article is a part of a more extensive linguistic project exploring the concept of ‘empathy’ and its exponents in the present-day Polish (Falkowska 2012, 2017, 2018). The analysis is based on a corpus compiled out of Polish media texts concerning the tragic Nanga Parbat expedition (January 2018). Selected Internet posts and social media comments have also been included. My focus is on empathy understood along the lines set by Kuno (1987), i.e. the speaker’s identification with one of the scene’s participants. The paper aims at depicting the linguistic means that are applied in order to communicate the speaker’s empathy towards a scene participant. The study employs Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar model (1987, 2009) and the cognitive discourse analysis framework (Hart 2014), with special reference to the notions of empathy, empathy hierarchy and point of view.
Tłumacz jako drugi autor w przekładzie literatury dziecięcej. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland w tłumaczeniu Grzegorza Wasowskiego
Authors: Staniuk Jolanta
Published: December 2019

Celem artykułu jest omówienie zjawiska tłumacza jako drugiego autora w kontekście przekładu literatury dziecięcej. Wraz z nadejściem zwrotu kulturowego w badaniach nad przekładem tłumacz – do tej pory zmuszony do zachowania jak największej transparentności podczas swojej pracy – ujawnił się, a jego widoczność w tłumaczonym tekście nie jest już utożsamiana z nieudanym przekładem. Czasem tłumacz manifestuje swoją obecność w tekście w sposób skrajny, pozwalając sobie na liczne ingerencje, które prowadzą wręcz do zmiany oryginału, a jego samego umiejscawiają na pozycji drugiego autora. Literatura dziecięca wydaje się być odpowiednim gruntem dla analizy tego problemu, gdyż od jej tłumaczy, podobnie jak od jej twórców, wymaga się postawienia się na pozycji młodego czytelnika, a także dostosowania przekładu do licznych norm rządzących tą gałęzią piśmiennictwa w docelowym systemie literackim. Tekstem należącym do literatury dziecięcej, w którym tłumacz stawia się na pozycji drugiego autora jest najnowszy polski przekład utworu Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland Lewisa Carrolla. Tłumacz, Grzegorz Wasowski, pozwala sobie na liczne ingerencje w przekładanym tekście, prowadzące do znacznej zmiany utworu Carrolla znanego polskim czytelnikom z dotychczasowych tłumaczeń.
Napisy dla niesłyszących w Polsce. Historia, problemy, wyzwania.
Authors: Szczygielska Monika
Published: December 2019

W artykule przedstawiam historię rozwoju napisów dla niesłyszących w Polsce i omawiam aktualny stan wiedzy na temat tej formy przekładu audiowizualnego. Prezentuję następujące zagadnienia związane z napisami dla niesłyszących: stan prawny, dostępność napisów m.in. w telewizji, kinie, na DVD oraz zasady ich tworzenia na przestrzeni ostatnich 10 lat, obejmujących lata 2009-19.
qtQDA: quantile transformed quadratic discriminant analysis for high-dimensional RNA-seq data
Authors: Koçhan Necla , Tutuncu G. Yazgi , Smyth Gordon K. , Gandolfo Luke C. , Giner Göknur
Published: December 2019

Classification on the basis of gene expression data derived from RNA-seq promises to become an important part of modern medicine. We propose a new classification method based on a model where the data is marginally negative binomial but dependent, thereby incorporating the dependence known to be present between measurements from different genes. The method, called qtQDA, works by first performing a quantile transformation (qt) then applying Gaussian quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) using regularized covariance matrix estimates. We show that qtQDA has excellent performance when applied to real data sets and has advantages over some existing approaches. An R package implementing the method is also available onhttps://github.com/goknurginer/qtQDA.
Evaluating probabilistic programming and fast variational Bayesian inference in phylogenetics
Authors: Fourment Mathieu , Darling Aaron E.
Published: December 2019

Recent advances in statistical machine learning techniques have led to the creation of probabilistic programming frameworks. These frameworks enable probabilistic models to be rapidly prototyped and fit to data using scalable approximation methods such as variational inference. In this work, we explore the use of the Stan language for probabilistic programming in application to phylogenetic models. We show that many commonly used phylogenetic models including the general time reversible substitution model, rate heterogeneity among sites, and a range of coalescent models can be implemented using a probabilistic programming language. The posterior probability distributions obtained via the black box variational inference engine in Stan were compared to those obtained with reference implementations of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) for phylogenetic inference. We find that black box variational inference in Stan is less accurate than MCMC methods for phylogenetic models, but requires far less compute time. Finally, we evaluate a custom implementation of mean-field variational inference on the Jukes–Cantor substitution model and show that a specialized implementation of variational inference can be two orders of magnitude faster and more accurate than a general purpose probabilistic implementation.
Susa Funerary Texts
Authors: Wasserman Nathan
Published: December 2019

A group of seven short late Old Babylonian texts, written in Akkadian, found in the early twentieth century in a grave in Susa, form the focus of this paper. The texts, which have attracted much scholarly attention since their publication in 1916 by Jean-Vincent Scheil, have until now not been collated. They are presented here with improved readings, a new translation, and extensive commentary. The mention in two of the texts of an alleged chthonic “weigher” is philologically disproved: psychostasia, the weighing of souls, did not exist in ancient Mesopotamian religion . The suggestion of some scholars that these Old Babylonian Akkadian texts are witnesses to Elamite, or even Iranian, belief in the weighing of souls is methodically refuted . The nature of the seven so-called Susa Funerary Texts (SFT) is discussed, demonstrating their close contacts to two other well-known Mesopotamian genres—personal prayers and reports of oracular or prophetic visions . Finally, the question of their unusual find spot, viz., in a grave, is discussed and the possibility raised that this peculiar location is a result of the texts’ magical function .
CARTOGRAFIAS E FILOSOFÍSICA: SENSIBILIZANDO UM CORPO FEMININO DEFICIENTE
Authors: Madruga Cunha Claudia , Rodrigues Michele Caroline da Silva
Published: December 2019

Este estudo traz reflexões de uma cartografia desenvolvida em torno do Corpo Feminino Deficiente, permeado pelos conceitos da Filosofia da Diferença de Gilles Deleuze e Felix Guattari e as contribuições sobre dança de José Gil.  Problematiza a invisibilidade dos afetos e o reconhecimento de si do corpo deficiente feminino. Almejou-se, através da dança Contato Improvisação, flexibilizar, no contato entre corpos, um processo de expressão das diferenças, explorando um corpo sensível, um corpo sem órgãos, um corpo (outro).
Superhydrophobic Treatment of Polyurethane Sponge and Its Application in Oil-water Separation
Authors: Li Fan , Wang Wenhong , Wang Jie , Peng Yangfeng
Published: December 2019

The superhydrophobicity of the polyurethane sponge was realized by attaching the complex of copper and mercaptan on the outer surface of the polyurethane sponge. As a special case, the complex of 1-dodecanthiol and copper chloride was intensively investigated in this study, with emphasis on the influences of concentration, temperature and residence time on the reaction. SEM and EDS were used to analyze the surface structure and elemental composition of the sponge. The superhydrophobicity of the sponge are contributed by the rough treatment on sponge surface. It is found that a large number of long carbon chains appear on the surface reduces the surface energy. The wettability of the surface was determined by a contact angle meter. The material demonstrates great oil-water separation performance and high repeatability in superhydrophobicity during the the separation process of oil and water before first 39 times.
Price Spread for Capsicum in Akola District of Maharashtra
Authors: Chopde K. D.
Published: December 2019

The price spread refers to the difference between the price received by the growers and the price paid by the consumers. It was observed that there were wide variations of price received by the growers and the price paid by the ultimate consumer. This study was conducted for estimation of marketing cost, marketing margin and price spread through different marketing channels of capsicum in Akola district. The study was based on primary data and secondary data for the year 2016-17, collected from the vegetable market of Patur, Barshitakli, Akola and Murtizapur tehsils in Akola districts of Maharashtra, the total 120 producers,10 wholesaler, 10 retailers were selected for  the study. Two major marketing channels were identified for the capsicum i.e. channel-I: Producer→ Wholesaler→ Retailer→ Consumer, Channel-II: Producer→ Retailer →Consumer. The channel -I was found most important channel of distribution. Producer‘s share in consumer’s rupees was highest in channel II as compared to cannel I were worked out 68.11 and 56.79 per cent. Wide variation were observed in the constraints of capsicum growers. Price spread of capsicum not only show the cost and margins at different levels of marketing by different agencies but also show a clear picture of entire system of marketing of capsicum. Wide variation were observed in the problems faced by the capsicum growers. Lack of processing facilities, lack of storage facility, high commission charges, lack of financial facility etc. Thus establishment of modern regulated market along with proper storage facilities in nearby areas will go a long way in enhancing the income of the farmers. Higher marketing efficiency and better return to producers through direct marketing. This is a clear indicator for developing farmers market in the region and As such establishment of producers co-operation to reap the benefit from cultivation on marketing of capsicum crop is suggested.
Prevalence and Antibiogram of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from West African Mud Creeper (Tympanotonus fuscatus)
Authors: Akani N. P. , Hakam I. O. , Sampson T.
Published: December 2019

The menace of opportunistic infections arising from food contamination can be tackled with knowledge of agents effective against the etiologic agents. A bacteriological examination was carried out on Tympanotonos fuscatus (West African Mud Creeper) sold at different markets in Port Harcourt, Nigeria with interest on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their antibiogram using standard microbiological methods. Results showed that parboiled samples had the mean total heterotrophic bacterial counts between 26.33±11.02x106 and 85.67±3.79x106 cfu/g, total coliform counts, 6.0±1.73x106 and 13.0±7.21x106 cfu/g and total Pseudomonad counts, 0.00 and 0.67±1.16x102 cfu/g. Roasted samples had total heterotrophic bacterial counts between 40.0±1.73x106 and 45.75±3.86x106 cfu/g, total coliform counts, 10.0±7.211x106 and 13.0±9.539 x 106 cfu/g and total Pseudomonad counts, 6.67±4.619x102 and 20.75±22.824 x102 cfu/g. There was difference (p<0.05) in the total heterotrophic bacteria counts of parboiled samples from the different markets but none in coliform and Pseudomonads counts. No difference (p>0.05) was recorded in counts from the roasted samples. Thirty-two (32) Pseudomonas isolates were obtained from the markets occurring least in the parboiled 6 (18.75%) samples compared to roasted 26 (81.25%) samples. Mile3 market had the highest occurrence 3 isolates (50%) for parboiled samples whereas Mile1 market with 1 isolate (16.67%) was lowest. Results of Antibiogram revealed that Pseudomonas species had varying sensitivity to all the antibiotics tested and was most susceptible to Ofloxacin (90.6%) and most resistant to Nalidixic acid (84.4%). Although the counts obtained are within the upper limits (5x107cfu/gm) recommended by the International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods (ICMSF), there is need to properly cook Tympanotonus fuscatus before consumption to reduce risks of opportunistic pathogens. Infections from Pseudomonas species may be managed with appropriate doses of ofloxacin.
Hybrid Living Materials: Digital Design and Fabrication of 3D Multimaterial Structures with Programmable Biohybrid Surfaces
Authors: Smith Rachel Soo Hoo , Bader Christoph , Sharma Sunanda , Kolb Dominik , Tang Tzu‐Chieh , Hosny Ahmed , Moser Felix , Weaver James C. , Voigt Christopher A. , Oxman Neri
Published: December 2019

Significant efforts exist to develop living/non‐living composite materials—known as biohybrids—that can support and control the functionality of biological agents. To enable the production of broadly applicable biohybrid materials, new tools are required to improve replicability, scalability, and control. Here, the Hybrid Living Material (HLM) fabrication platform is presented, which integrates computational design, additive manufacturing, and synthetic biology to achieve replicable fabrication and control of biohybrids. The approach involves modification of multimaterial 3D‐printer descriptions to control the distribution of chemical signals within printed objects, and subsequent addition of hydrogel to object surfaces to immobilize engineered Escherichia coli and facilitate material‐driven chemical signaling. As a result, the platform demonstrates predictable, repeatable spatial control of protein expression across the surfaces of 3D‐printed objects. Custom‐developed orthogonal signaling resins and gene circuits enable multiplexed expression patterns. The platform also demonstrates a computational model of interaction between digitally controlled material distribution and genetic regulatory responses across 3D surfaces, providing a digital tool for HLM design and validation. Thus, the HLM approach produces biohybrid materials of wearable‐scale, self‐supporting 3D structure, and programmable biological surfaces that are replicable and customizable, thereby unlocking paths to apply industrial modeling and fabrication methods toward the design of living materials.