bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non‐Waste‐Wachsschalung für den individualisierten Betonfertigteilbau – Praxisbeispiel des digitalen Fertigungsprozesses für eine Kleinserie großformatiger Poller
Authors: Jonischkies Sven , Mainka Jeldrik , Kloft Harald , Kinzebach Wolfgang , Hack Norman
Published: June 2022

Am Institut für Tragwerksentwurf, ITE, wurde in grundlegenden Forschungsarbeiten die Non‐Waste‐Wachsschalungstechnologie entwickelt, die in der Produktion von frei geformten Betonbauteilen Schalungsabfälle minimiert. Damit soll der Bedarf der Beton‐Fertigteilindustrie nach Technologien zur Reduktion der Produktionsabfälle und zum Aufbau emissionsarmer Produktionslinien erfüllt werden. Das aktuelle Eurostars‐geförderte Forschungsprojekt „Robocrete“ des ITE untersucht gemeinsam mit ODICO Construction Robotics, Odense, Dänemark, und BNB, Beton und Naturstein Babelsberg, Verfahren zur Herstellung von großformatigen Wachsblöcken für die industrielle Integration in Produktionslinien für Kleinserien. Ziel ist, die Forschungsergebnisse in einer digitalisierten robotischen Fertigungseinheit für Wachsschalungen für die Betonage zusammenzufassen. In vorangegangenen Forschungsprojekten war es bisher nicht möglich, riss‐ und spannungsfreie Wachsblockrohlinge mit einem Volumen von mehr als 1 m3 effizient herzustellen. Um dieses zu erreichen, werden derzeit optimierte Methoden zur Herstellung von Wachsblockrohlingen erforscht, die zudem in einem digitalen Fertigungsprozess formgebend bearbeitet werden. In einer Fallstudie unter Realbedingungen der Beton‐Fertigteilindustrie mit der Firma Rinn wurde die Wachsschalungstechnologie für den Betonguss eines geometrisch komplexen Pollers von über 1,2 t Gewicht erfolgreich getestet.
PDIA4, a novel ER stress chaperone, modulates adiponectin expression and inflammation in adipose tissue
Authors: Su Sheng‐Chiang , Chien Chu‐Yen , Chen Ying‐Chen , Chiang Chi‐Fu , Lin Fu‐Huang , Kuo Feng‐Chih , Huang Chia‐Luen , Li Peng‐Fei , Liu Jhih‐Syuan , Lu Chieh‐Hua , Ho Li‐Ju , Hsieh Chang‐Hsun , Hung Yi‐Jen , Shieh Yi‐Shing , Lee Chien‐Hsing
Published: June 2022

Increasing evidence supporting a causal link between obesity and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in adipose tissue is being reported. Protein disulfide isomerase 4 (PDIA4) is a novel ER chaperone involved in the pancreatic β‐cells pathogenesis in diabetes. However, the role of PDIA4 in obesity progression remains poorly understood. To assess the relationship between PDIA4, adiponectin, and metformin, we used the palmitate‐induced inflammation in hypertrophic adipocytes and the high‐fat diet‐induced obesity mouse model. Our results revealed that palmitate‐induced hypertrophic adipocytes exhibit obesity‐associated conditions such as increased lipid accumulation, inflammation, and reduced glucose uptake. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of PDIA4 significantly reverses these obesity‐associated conditions in adipocytes. PDIA4 mechanistically promotes obesity progression via adiponectin downregulation. Furthermore, metformin modulates PDIA4 and adiponectin expression and improves obesity‐associated conditions in both in vitro adipocytes and in vivo mouse models. Serum PDIA4 concentrations are also associated with body mass index, adiponectin, triglycerides, and inflammatory cytokines in humans. This is the first study demonstrating that PDIA4 modulates adipocytes by downregulating adiponectin. Moreover, metformin may serve as a potential therapeutic for preventing obesity via PDIA4‐targeting.
Autistic traits in trichotillomania
Authors: Grant Jon E. , Chamberlain Samuel R.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Although many variables have been examined as potentially contributing to the manifestation of trichotillomania (TTM), little research has focused on problems in social interactions. Hair pulling has many similarities to the stereotypies seen in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and thus the present study examined autistic traits in adults with trichotillomania.

Methods

Fifty nontreatment‐seeking adults with DSM‐5 TTM were recruited. Participants completed standard diagnostic interviews, basic demographic information, and symptom inventories about TTM. Autistic traits were quantified using the Brief Autism‐ Spectrum Quotient (AQ‐10) which screens for autistic traits.

Results

The sample comprised 50 participants, mean (standard deviation) age of 30.2 (5.6) years, 10% being male, 86% female, and 4% nonbinary. Eight of the participants had a history of major depressive disorder and six had a history of an anxiety disorder. No one had current or lifetime obsessive‐compulsive disorder. The mean AQ10 score was 3.5 (2.0), with 14.6% scoring 6 or greater. Autism scores correlated significantly only with family dysfunction and not with symptom severity or impulsivity.

Conclusions

This study examined autistic traits in a community‐based sample of adults with TTM and found elevated rates of probable ASD (based on a self‐report screening tool) among those with TTM. These results highlight the need to carefully screen for autistic traits in those with TTM. To what extent these traits may influence response to treatment, however, remains unclear.
Direct Growth of Carbon Nitride (C3N3) Nanosheets on Copper Foam as an Efficient Catalytic Electrode for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Caifu , Zhang Zhonghai
Published: June 2022

In this work, carbon nitride (C3N3) nanosheets are directly synthesized on copper foam via a solvent‐free vapor‐solid phase reaction. Electrochemical measurement results indicate that C3N3 nanosheets achieve outstanding electrocatalytic performances with low overpotential (142 mV@10 mA cm−2) and small Tafel slope (75.5 mV dec−1), which are superior to most metal‐free hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalysts in acid medium reported so far. In addition, the electrocatalytic performances of C3N3 nanosheets are further slightly improved under simulated solar irradiation. What's more, the synthetic strategy of C3N3 nanosheets could be extended to other substance system. More importantly, our impressive work was expected to inspire more potential researches in the future.
PROTOCOL: The association between marital transitions and physical and mental health in late life: A systematic review
Authors: Li Jing , Hui Xu , Lu Zhenxing , Ren Xiaocao , Yan Wenlong , Yan Peijing , Yao Liang , Yang Kehu
Published: June 2022

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: What is the association between marital transitions and physical health among people older than 60? What is the association between marital transitions and mental health among people older than 60? What is the role of gender, age, and education on the association between marital transitions and health among people older than 60? What is the influence of geographical region, housing, neighborhood, and social support on the association between marital transitions and health status among people older than 60?
Artificial intelligence processing electronic health records to identify commonalities and comorbidities cluster at Immuno Center Humanitas
Authors: Morandini Pierandrea , Laino Maria Elena , Paoletti Giovanni , Carlucci Alessandro , Tommasini Tobia , Angelotti Giovanni , Pepys Jack , Canonica Giorgio Walter , Heffler Enrico , Savevski Victor , Puggioni Francesca
Published: June 2022

Background

Comorbidities are common in chronic inflammatory conditions, requiring multidisciplinary treatment approach. Understanding the link between a single disease and its comorbidities is important for appropriate treatment and management. We evaluate the ability of an NLP‐based process for knowledge discovery to detect information about pathologies, patients' phenotype, doctors' prescriptions and commonalities in electronic medical records, by extracting information from free narrative text written by clinicians during medical visits, resulting in the extraction of valuable information and enriching real world evidence data from a multidisciplinary setting.

Methods

We collected clinical notes from the Allergy Department of Humanitas Research Hospital written in the last 3 years and used it to look for diseases that cluster together as comorbidities associated to the main pathology of our patients, and for the extent of prescription of systemic corticosteroids, thus evaluating the ability of NLP‐based tools for knowledge discovery to extract structured information from free text.

Results

We found that the 3 most frequent comorbidities to appear in our clusters were asthma, rhinitis, and urticaria, and that 991 (of 2057) patients suffered from at least one of these comorbidities. The clusters which co‐occur particularly often are oral allergy syndrome and urticaria (131 patients), angioedema and urticaria (105 patients), rhinitis and asthma (227 patients). With regards to systemic corticosteroid prescription volume by our clinicians, we found it was lower when compared to the therapy the patients followed before coming to our attention, with the exception of two diseases: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Angioedema.

Conclusions

This analysis seems to be valid and is confirmed by the data from the literature. This means that NLP tools could have significant role in many other research fields of medicine, as it may help identify other important, and possibly previously neglected clusters of patients with comorbidities and commonalities. Another potential benefit of this approach lies in its potential ability to foster a multidisciplinary approach, using the same drugs to treat pathologies normally treated by physicians in different branches of medicine, thus saving resources and improving the pharmacological management of patients.
Hemophagocytosis on ascitic fluid cytology: Diagnosis of HLH
Authors: Abou Shaar Rand , Perry Kyle D. , Otrock Zaher K.
Published: June 2022

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life‐threatening syndrome of pathologic immune response characterized by excessive activation of macrophages. Hemophagocytosis is one of the diagnostic criteria for HLH, and it usually involves the bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, or any part of the reticuloendothelial system. Hemophagocytosis in the ascitic fluid has rarely been reported in HLH. Here, we report the case of a patient who presented with fever and abdominal distention and ascites. Ascitic fluid cytology showed hemophagocytosis which was the clue for HLH diagnosis. We also review the literature for this rare cytological occurrence.
Hierarchically Porous Carbon from Lychee Seed as Cathode Host for Fast‐Charging and High Area Capacity Li–Se Batteries
Authors: Xu Peng , Zhao Decheng , Liu Shupei , Ren Jinghui , Zhou Jian , Wang Ning , Wang Zhoulu , Liu Xiang , Wu Yutong , Zhang Yi
Published: June 2022

Selenium cathodes are expected to become next‐generation energy storage materials due to their high electronic conductivity and volumetric capacity. However, their commercial applications are hindered by polyselenides dissolution and low Se utilization. Herein, a biomass compound, namely lychee seed, is used as a sustainable precursor to design hierarchically porous carbon by a single‐step carbonization activation method. With a unique hierarchical porous structure, the lychee seed–derived activated carbon (LSDAC) used to encapsulate selenium delivers a reversible capacity of 446 mA h g−1 at 2 C and 291 mA h g−1 at 5 C after 1000 cycles. The Se/LSDAC electrodes show the most favorable fast‐charging and good cycling behavior compared to the previously reported biomass‐based carbon materials. By increasing the Se area loading to 9.5 mg cm−2, the Se/LSDAC cathode maintains an areal capacity of 3.7 mA h cm−2 (3.2 mA cm−2 areal current density) after 80 cycles. High Se loading and economical and fast‐charging cathode designs in Li–Se batteries are inspired.
Computational thermodynamics‐assisted design of nitrate‐based phase change materials for waste heat recovery
Authors: Huang Wan‐Yu , Liu Yu‐chen , Lin Shih‐kang , Chen Wei‐Hsin
Published: June 2022

Phase change materials (PCMs) are substances that absorb or release latent heat during changes in physical state. PCM is typically introduced in a heat exchanger inside a waste heat recovery system to enhance energy conversion efficiency. Molten salts consisting of multiple components are widely used as a PCM due to their high heat capacity. However, modulating the physical properties of PCMs via experimental trial‐and‐error is not economically feasible when dealing with complex systems. In this study, we designed six potential nitrates as PCMs via a combinatorial approach with the CALculation of PHAse Diagrams (CALPHAD) method, the Kissinger model, and experimental validations, among the KNO3‐NaNO3‐LiNO3 ternary system. The measured thermodynamics properties, including the solidus and liquidus temperatures, and enthalpy changes, were in agreement with the predicted values. A promising PCM that exhibited a lower melting activation energy (917.3 kJ/mol) and a higher change in enthalpy (136.4 J/g) than those of the commercial HITEC salt (1135.3 kJ/mol and 86 J/g). The designed PCM also showed a good thermal stability with the 316 stainless steel, which is a typical container material, at temperatures of 150°C and 300°C, respectively, for up to 1 month. The designed PCM is considered promising for waste heat recovery applications in terms of its high heat storage capacity, high heat exchange efficiency, and high thermal stability.
Design and characterization of a chimeric alginate lyase for immobilization to produce well‐defined oligosaccharides
Authors: Zhang Hongxiu , Lyu Qianqian , Liu Xiaohua , Liu Weizhi
Published: June 2022

Recently, a novel two‐domain alginate lyase (AlyAL01) was cloned from Algibacter sp. and successfully overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Biochemical analysis showed that the N‐terminal carbohydrate‐binding module (CBM) of AlyAL01 had no effect on the enzyme activity and product distributions. Therefore, the N‐terminal CBM was substituted with CBM3 to confer the designed chimeric protein with the ability to specifically bind to regenerated amorphous cellulose. As anticipated, the designed chimeric protein (CBM3‐L1) exhibited a similar enzyme activity. Moreover, it was found that the CBM3‐L1 combined the purification and immobilization in one step with high immobilized efficiency of 65.8%. The immobilized enzyme exhibited good storage stability and moderate reusability. The immobilized enzyme could keep 85% activity when incubated at 4°C for 60 days and 70% activity when incubated at 25°C for 30 days. Furthermore, the immobilized CBM3‐L1 kept about 50% of its initial activity after being reused five times. Finally, immobilized CBM3‐L1 successively produced well‐defined alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) with DPs of 2–6 by controlling reaction time. In sum, our current study provided a feasible strategy for well‐defined AOS production.
Supporting distributed and integrated execution of future‐oriented technology analysis
Authors: Barbosa Carlos E. , Lima Yuri , Emerick Matheus , Ferman Fabio , Ribeiro Fernanda C. , Moreira de Souza Jano
Published: June 2022

Large organizations usually spread their research and development (R&D) around the world, hindering coordination efforts when performing future‐oriented technology analysis (FTA) studies. FTA is commonly used in R&D planning, especially on research prioritization. Therefore, we developed an FTA framework for large and geographically spread organizations, named Tiamat. The Tiamat framework is composed of a simplified organization model, which focuses on internal and external interactions during FTA, and an FTA process, which indicates the steps performed by the decision‐maker need until the delivery of the FTA final report from the organization. Based on the Tiamat framework, we developed the Tiamat software, a modular tool that implements generic FTA using the concept of workflows of FTA methods. Thus, we describe the architecture and collaboration aspects of the Tiamat software. The Tiamat framework (i.e., model and process) and the Tiamat software were applied in real situations to evaluate its FTA support capability. Besides, we show non‐FTA uses of the Tiamat software to showcase its flexibility. Among the contributions, we highlight the use of the Tiamat framework in the management of a standardized FTA process, based on the concept of workflows. The framework was developed to be easily adapted to many types of organizations, such as businesses, universities, and public institutions, either civil or military. The Tiamat software has shown to be capable to support distributed and local FTA studies, as well non‐FTA studies.
A Siamese network framework for bank intelligent Q&A prediction
Authors: Wei Wei , Liang Yingli
Published: June 2022

With the development of financial technologies and the explosive growth of data, the intelligent customer services have attracted a considerable attention of academic and industrial experts. The calculation of question similarity has become a key to the question and answer (Q&A) of financial intelligent customer service. In this work, we propose a Siamese network called W2V‐Siamese‐BiLSTM for bank Q&A prediction. Based on the Word2vec text information vectorization, the pre‐training model of embedding layer is established, and two bidirectional long short‐term memory (Bi‐LSTM) networks are introduced to encode the upper layer input. The weights are shared in the encoding layer, and finally the Manhattan distance is used in the similarity calculation layer. The experimental results show that the supervised similarity calculation framework proposed in this work has good applicability in real financial Q&A. The accuracy of the proposed method is 81.2%. The analysis further highlights the effectiveness and superiority of supervised learning models in the financial field.
Is turnover intention static or dynamic? The impacts of inter‐role conflicts and psychological workplace strain on turnover intention trajectories
Authors: Jeong Shinhee , Lee Yunsoo
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the present study is to identify the growth trajectories of employees' turnover intention using growth mixture modeling. We utilized work, family, and health study (WFHS) data consisting of repeatedly measured data of employees from an extended‐care company (n = 799). We identified three profiles (i.e., Low‐flat profile, Steadily increasing profile, and High‐flat profile) that exhibit distinct patterns of change. Using multinomial logistic analysis, we also investigated the associations between the identified profiles and inter‐role conflict (i.e., work‐life conflict and life‐work conflict), psychological workplace strain (i.e., perceived stress and emotional exhaustion), and socio‐demographic characteristics (i.e., gender, age, tenure, and education). Finally, we examined the mean differences in the variables among the three profiles. Based on these results, we suggest theoretical and practical implications related to turnover intention.
Potentiometric determination of copper(II) ions based on a porphyrin derivative
Authors: Özbek Oguz , Isildak Ömer
Published: June 2022

A novel poly(vinyl chloride; PVC) membrane‐based Cu(II)–selective sensor has been developed using synthesized 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐methoxycarbonylphenyl)porphyrin as an ionophore. The Cu(II)–selective sensor exhibits a Nernstian response for Cu(II) ion over a wide concentration range of 1.0 × 10−5to 1.0 × 10−1 mol L−1with the slope of 27.0 ± 2.5 mV/decade, and a lower limit of detection of 1.88 × 10−6 mol L−1. The novel sensor shows good repeatability and high selectivity for Cu(II) ions over other mono‐, bi‐ and trivalent cations. The sensor potential response remains unaffected by pH in the range of 4.4–10.6 and exhibits a fast response time of less than 10s. Finally the developed Cu(II)–selective sensor has been successfully used as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of Cu2+against ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and also in the determination of Cu(II) ion concentration in different water and beverage samples.
Biomechanical guidance can improve accuracy of reduction for intra‐articular tibia plafond fractures and reduce joint contact stress
Authors: Willey Michael C. , Kern Andrew M. , Goetz Jessica E. , Marsh John Lawrence , Anderson Donald D.
Published: June 2022

Articular fracture malreduction increases posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) risk by elevating joint contact stress. A new biomechanical guidance system (BGS) that provides intraoperative assessment of articular fracture reduction and joint contact stress based solely on a preoperative computed tomography (CT) and intraoperative fluoroscopy may facilitate better fracture reduction. The objective of this proof‐of‐concept cadaveric study was to test this premise while characterizing BGS performance. Articular tibia plafond fractures were created in five cadaveric ankles. CT scans were obtained to provide digital models. Indirect reduction was performed in a simulated operating room once with and once without BGS guidance. CT scans after fixation provided models of the reduced ankles for assessing reduction accuracy, joint contact stresses, and BGS accuracy. BGS was utilized 4.8 ± 1.3 (mean ± SD) times per procedure, increasing operative time by 10 min (39%), and the number of fluoroscopy images by 31 (17%). Errors in BGS reduction assessment compared to CT‐derived models were 0.45 ± 0.57 mm in translation and 2.0 ± 2.5° in rotation. For the four ankles that were successfully reduced and fixed, associated absolute errors in computed mean and maximum contact stress were 0.40 ± 0.40 and 0.96 ± 1.12 MPa, respectively. BGS reduced mean and maximum contact stress by 1.1 and 2.6 MPa, respectively. BGS thus improved the accuracy of articular fracture reduction and significantly reduced contact stress. Statement of Clinical Significance: Malreduction of articular fractures is known to lead to PTOA. The BGS described in this work has potential to improve quality of articular fracture reduction and clinical outcomes for patients with a tibia plafond fracture.
Multimodal Sonographic Appearance and Survival Outcomes of 69 Cases of Primary Thyroid Lymphoma Over 10 Years
Authors: Peng Chanjuan , Yang Chen , Yao Jincao , Xu Jingjing , Wu Junzhou , Zhao Jiazheng , Xu Dong
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To investigate ultrasound appearance and the survival outcomes for patients with primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL).

Methods

Ultrasonic images and clinical characteristics from pathologically confirmed 69 PTL patients (2008–2019) were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical characteristics, ultrasonic characters, and prognostic factors were analyzed. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.

Results

Of the 69 study patients, 23 were indolent PTL and 46 were aggressive PTL. Age (>70 years old) and elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels were statistically different clinical features between aggressive and indolent PTL. From ultrasonic images, 34 cases were nodular, 11 diffuse, and 24 mixed pattern. Mixed types displayed high invasiveness (45.7%) while diffuse types displayed higher inertness (39.1%), with statistically significant differences (P = .000). Invaded thyroid capsule and increased chaotic vascularity also showed significant differences between aggressive and indolent PTL. We also observed statistical difference in overall survival rates between aggressive and indolent PTL (P = .032). Single factor K‐M analyses showed that age >70 years, aggressive pathology, and Ki67 >30% were positively correlated with the risk of poor PTL survival (P < .05).

Conclusions

Multimodal ultrasound provides accurate ultrasonographic information and facilitates PTL invasiveness diagnostics for improved clinical treatment. In addition, PTL patients aged >70 years, with aggressive pathology, and Ki67 >30% were more likely to have a poor survival outcome.
High‐viscosity polyalkylphenanthrene oils: Synthesis and evaluation of lubricating properties
Authors: Cui Jingze , Tang Qiong , Chen Chen , Xu Hong , Liu Lei , Dong Jinxiang
Published: June 2022

Producing lubricating base oils from coal‐based chemicals is an alternative route for replacing the conventional petro‐based lubricants. Herein, we firstly reported the synthesis of high‐viscosity polyalkylphenanthrene oils derived from the coal‐based chemicals (phenanthrene, C6/C8‐olefins) by alkylation with acidic ionic liquid (Et3NHCl∙2AlCl3) as catalyst. Their primary physicochemical properties were studied in detail to reveal their structure–property relationships, the existence of the phenanthrene ring in their molecular structure led to some good property, such as high‐kinematic viscosity (12.6–30.2 mm2·s−1 at 100°C), better flash point (>230°C), high‐oxidative onset time (>230°C) and good polarity. Moreover, the tribological performances of the synthetic oils and the commercial PAO‐20 lubricating base oil were studied for comparison, these alkylated phenanthrenes, especially PHP‐3 and POP‐3, exhibited much higher load‐carrying capacity, reducing friction and anti‐wear property than that observed on PAO‐20.
Splitting proximate algorithm for deformable image registration based on functions of bounded deformation
Authors: Li Chen , Nie Ziwei , Yang Xiaoping
Published: June 2022

Background

Deformable image registration is a crucial task in the field of medical image analysis. Functions of bounded deformation (BD) have been proved effective for modeling the displacement fields between medical images since they can capture the discontinuity of displacement fields along edges of organs and tissues.

Purpose

However, we find that at the same time, BD functions‐based models tend to obtain discontinuous displacement fields inside the regions of organs and tissues due to image noises in some cases and the presented gradient descent algorithm is time‐consuming. To alleviate these problems, we propose a faster algorithm named SPA: splitting proximate algorithm.

Methods

In the framework of variable‐splitting scheme, we incorporate a proximal term in the deformable registration energy based on functions of BD.

Results

The proposed algorithm can efficiently solve the original model and obtain displacement fields, which look more natural and plausible. Numerical experiments show the effectiveness and stability of the proposed algorithm.

Conclusions

The proposed SPA is able to drastically register the images with a plausible deformation field and not sensitive to noise.
In service to the sultan: Biological affinity analysis of Vlach Ottoman vassals from the Šarić Struga and Koprivno‐Križ sites in southern Croatia
Authors: Allen Kathryn Grow , Šlaus Mario , Adamić Hadžić Anita , von Cramon‐Taubadel Noreen
Published: June 2022

As a cultural isolate and historically labeled ethnicity, the extent of biological divergence between Vlachs and non‐Vlachs in Southeast Europe is not well understood. Here, we present a comparison of metric and non‐metric cranial morphology designed to investigate the degree to which a Vlach sample (n = 32) from the Ottoman period in southern Croatia is biologically differentiated from non‐Vlach communities. By calculating Relethford–Blangero distances using cranial measurements and conducting a mean measure of divergence test based on cranial non‐metric traits, we investigated morphological relationships between the Vlach sample and other regional samples. Results from both metric and non‐metric analyses indicate a close biological relationship with the non‐Vlach community who lived nearby. Lacking substantial differences from the local non‐Vlach community, the Vlach ethnicity may have been distinct based on socioeconomic rather than biological factors. This research points to an ethnogenesis more cultural than biological for this historical context.
Optimal group consensus control for the second‐order agents in the coopetition networks via adaptive dynamic programming and event‐triggered methods
Authors: Ji Lianghao , Li Xi , Zhang Cuijuan , Xiao Yunpeng , Li Huaqing
Published: June 2022

This article investigates the optimal group consensus control problem for the second‐order multi‐agent systems by using event‐triggered and adaptive dynamic programming methods. The proposed method only uses the interaction information among the agents. Comprehensively considering the coopetition coupling interactions among the agents, a novel tracking error function is addressed for meeting the requirement of group consensus. On this basis, we use the Bellman optimality principle to formulate the optimal group consensus problem. To implement the proposed method, the actor–critic neural networks are used to approximate the iterative performance index functions and the control policies in real time. Meanwhile, the event‐triggered condition with filter function is installed for each agent to reduce the control cost. Therefore, the weights of actor–critic networks are updated only at the event‐triggered instants. The weight estimation errors and the control policy estimation errors are proved uniformly ultimately bounded and the Zeno behavior in the system can be avoided. Finally, the comparative simulation results show that the proposed method can greatly reduce the update times of the control policy of the system.
How I approach: Defining the scope of psychosocial care across disciplines in pediatric hematology‐oncology
Authors: Jurbergs Niki , Elliott Darrell Andrew , Browne Emily , Sirrine Erica , Brasher Shawn , Leigh Laurie , Powell Brent , Crabtree Valerie McLaughlin
Published: June 2022

To provide the standard of psychosocial care for children with cancer and hematological disorders and their families, multidisciplinary teams must clearly define their scope and collaborate in ways that optimize the quality and efficiency of care. A new organizational structure was leveraged to delineate roles and scope for each psychosocial discipline at our institution. We developed a document, the scope of psychosocial care (SPC), that serves as a platform for making patient care decisions and provides opportunities for the reevaluation of programming. Herein, we present the process and outcome of the SPC and make recommendations for identifying roles in pediatric psychosocial hematology‐oncology.
Changes in respiratory management and the impact on bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Chung Jane , Iyengar Anjali , Santry Laura , Swanson Eric , Davis Jonathan M. , Volpe MaryAnn V.
Published: June 2022

Objective

Noninvasive respiratory support has reduced the need for mechanical ventilation and surfactant administration in very premature neonates. We sought to determine how the increased use of noninvasive ventilation and less surfactant instillation has impacted the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) using four currently used BPD definitions.

Study Design

This is a retrospective, single‐center cohort study of neonates born at less than 28 weeks gestation between 2010 and 2018. A respiratory practice change (less surfactant and more noninvasive ventilation) occurred in 2014 following participation in the Surfactant Positive Airway Pressure and Pulse Oximetry trial. Therefore, patients were divided into two epochs to compare postnatal respiratory and clinical course and BPD outcomes across four currently relevant definitions (Vermont Oxford Network, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Canadian, and Neonatal Research Network).

Results

Clinical and demographic variables were similar between epochs. Despite significant differences in maternal and infant characteristics and clinical course, the incidence of BPD was not significantly different between the two epochs regardless of the BPD definition utilized. There was a wide range in the incidence of BPD depending on the definition used.

Conclusions

Despite decreased use of surfactant administration and invasive mechanical ventilation between the two epochs, the incidence of BPD did not change and there was wide variation depending on the definition used. A better understanding of the risk factors associated with BPD and a consensus definition is urgently needed to: 1) more accurately compare various studies, 2) help facilitate the conduct of clinical trials, and 3) enhance the development of novel therapeutic interventions to improve outcome.
Simulation Analyses of High‐Efficiency Monolithic Solar Cells with Reduced Shunt and Lateral Forward Bias Current
Authors: Xue Shujian , Goryll Michael , Bowden Stuart G.
Published: June 2022

Larger solar cells are preferred for higher power output. However, they produce higher current and lead to higher ohmic loss. This loss has prompted manufacturers to laser cut cells into halved cells, resulting in lower current, higher voltage string‐cells. While these techniques reduce ohmic loss, they introduce cutting‐edge recombination. The monolithic solar cell resembles halved cell but without requiring cutting the original cell into strings of cells which saved the cutting‐edge recombination loss. However, we observed that the interconnection of base regions of the string‐cells on the same wafer leads to problems such as lateral forward bias current, resulting in severe degradation of the fill factor (FF) and open‐circuit voltage (VOC). Solutions to these issues are proposed including depassivated surfaces between string‐cells, optimized spacing between the string‐cells, lowered base doping density, thinner wafers, and shading regions between the string‐cells. According to simulation results, these methods could increase the efficiency of the monolithic cell to very close to the baseline cell. With the consideration of the reduced shading, ohmic loss, and module blank areas on the cell‐to‐module process, the efficiency of a module with monolithic cells could exceed that of a module with baseline cells or a module of halved/shingling cells.
Event‐triggered stabilization for large‐scale interconnected systems with time delays
Authors: Kang Wen , Liu Chuan‐Xin
Published: June 2022

This article addresses the event‐triggered stabilization for large‐scale interconnected systems in presence of time delays. Two types of event‐triggering mechanisms (static event‐triggering mechanism and dynamic event‐triggering mechanism) are constructed. For each case, event‐triggered predictor‐based controller is designed to compensate time delays by using backstepping method. Via Lyapunov approach, constructive exponential stability conditions are established in the framework of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A numerical simulation example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Distributed fault detection for uncertain Lipschitz nonlinear multi‐agent systems in finite frequency domain
Authors: Liang Dingguo , He Zhichen , Li Rongchang , Yang Ying
Published: June 2022

This article focuses on distributed fault detection for uncertain Lipschitz nonlinear multi‐agent systems (MASs). To handle parameter uncertainties, a finite‐frequency unknown input observer (UIO) is designed to formulate the reference residual system and based on it, a robust UIO corresponding to the fault detection system is designed using an model matching approach. In the UIO constructed for one agent, the unknown input composed of faults in the other agents and disturbances in the whole system is partitioned to decouple part of them, which avoids the constraint of the rank condition of UIO and allows for fault detection for more than one faulty agent. The generated residual is sensitive to the corresponding fault while robust against the nondecoupled unknown input and parameter uncertainties, of which the design conditions are transformed into a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A numerical simulation is conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Mapping the long‐term influence of river discharge on coastal ocean chlorophyll‐a
Authors: Auricht Hannah , Mosley Luke , Lewis Megan , Clarke Ken
Published: June 2022

Although the potential of river discharge to support ocean productivity and marine ecosystems is known, the specifics of this relationship are poorly understood in many regions of the world. Global estimates of river flow indicate that river discharge is decreasing due to the increasing fragmentation, extraction and regulation of rivers. This likely means that the contribution of river flow to coastal productivity and water quality is changing, potentially leading to fewer and smaller magnitude ocean fertilisation events. We developed a simple analysis method, based on Earth observation data, to investigate where coastal ocean chlorophyll‐a is most strongly influenced by river discharge. The per‐pixel spatiotemporal correlation technique (implemented using Python) correlates chlorophyll‐a concentration (a proxy for phytoplankton biomass and indicator of primary productivity) from MODIS ocean colour data with river discharge data. The method was tested globally on 11 different rivers discharging into coastal ocean regions. Our findings suggest some of the world's largest river systems, such as the Amazon River, have zones of elevated coastal chl‐a that extend hundreds to thousands of km from the river mouth. These findings suggest the influence of river discharge may have been underestimated in many coastal regions of the world. The method appears more effective for larger river systems discharging to ocean waters with less complex nutrient dynamics and weaker seasonal productivity patterns, most notably in temperate regions. Increasing our understanding of the specific areas influenced by river discharge, and the degree of influence over space and time, is an important step towards the improved river and coastal management. This method will increase the capacity of researchers to monitor how, when and where coastal waters are affected as river discharge continues to change into the future.
Kernel learning with nonconvex ramp loss
Authors: Liang Xijun , Zhang Zhipeng , Chen Xingke , Jian Ling
Published: June 2022

We study the kernel learning problems with ramp loss, a nonconvex but noise‐resistant loss function. In this work, we justify the validity of ramp loss under the classical kernel learning framework. In particular, we show that the generalization bound for empirical ramp risk minimizer is similar to that of convex surrogate losses, which implies kernel learning with such loss function is not only noise‐resistant but, more importantly, statistically consistent. For adapting to real‐time data streams, we introduce PA‐ramp, a heuristic online algorithm based on the passive‐aggressive framework, to solve this learning problem. Empirically, with fewer support vectors, this algorithm achieves robust empirical performances on tested noisy scenarios.
Inconsistency between subjective propensity and practice of sustainable consumption: Impact of the consumers' values‐in‐behavior and social participation
Authors: Hwang Hyesun , Yeo Harim
Published: June 2022

This study examined the gap between the consumers' subjective propensity to engage in sustainable consumption and their actual behavior to develop an understanding of the consumers' practical contribution to sustainable development. This study examined the gaps between the consumers' subjective propensity to hold sustainable consumption attitudes or beliefs and their practical behavior by focusing on the value consumers assign to sustainable consumption while engaging in such behavior. Additionally, the effects of the consumers' social relationships and civic participation on sustainable consumption and the propensity‐behavior gap were investigated. Survey data were collected by a professional market research organization from 422 panel consumers. The results indicate that functional value influences actual behavior, while subjective propensity is affected by emotional and altruistic values, as well as by functional value. Bridging social capital negatively affects actual practice of sustainable consumption, whereas the consumers' civic roles have the opposite effect. Finally, the gap between propensity and actual behavior is more likely to occur when consumers are led by emotional and altruistic values of sustainable consumption.
High‐cycle variable amplitude fatigue experiments and design framework for bridge welds with high‐frequency mechanical impact treatment
Authors: Shams‐Hakimi Poja , Al‐Karawi Hassan , Al‐Emrani Mohammad
Published: June 2022

Fatigue enhancement by way of high‐frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) treatment can enable effective design and construction of steel bridges. However, bridges may experience high and varying mean stresses, the effects of which are not covered today by any design recommendation or in the literature on HFMI‐treated joints. In this study, fatigue experiments were conducted with realistic in‐service bridge loading, which revealed the same high fatigue performance as for constant amplitude loading. The effect of mean stress in spectrum loading was quantified and a method to account for it in an equivalent manner is proposed. A design framework has been developed for design and engineering purposes.
“I am Kichwa”: The Funds of Identity of an Indigenous Ecuadoran NNES Teacher
Authors: Cappaert Gail B. , Wickens Corrine M.
Published: June 2022

To counter ongoing NES/NNES, NEST/NNEST dichotomies and the essentializing of NNESs (Ellis, 2016), we examine the personal and professional tensions of an Indigenous Ecuadoran NNES teaching in a dominant Spanish‐speaking context. We attend to the ways Roberto (pseudonym) responds to his students and his peers through the lens of his Kichwa identity, the historic oppressed positionality of and ongoing prejudice toward Indigenous peoples in Ecuador. In such contexts, Roberto cannot share “insider” cultural references to enhance his EFL instruction; rather, he is perpetually set as an outsider—both in the broader frame of NNES movement and more singularly and powerfully within his own professional context. We draw upon Esteban‐Guitart and Moll's (2014) “funds of identity” and teacher professional identity development (Sachs, 2005) to explore the following central tensions in Roberto's evolving professional teaching identity: (1) Roberto's sense of himself as (il)legitimate speaker of English, (2) role of structural oppression toward Kichwa as it mediates his perceptions and interactions, and (3) the increased use of communicative‐based language instruction. Attending to the multiple facets and resources that comprise “funds of identity,” EFL teacher educators can better account for the complex identity formation for EFL teachers and students.
Hypersaline spray increases habitat heterogeneity and nesting density in an island‐nesting seabird
Authors: Craig Elizabeth C. , Moore Gregg E. , Seavey Jennifer R.
Published: June 2022

Seabirds introduce aquatically‐derived nutrients into their terrestrial nesting environments, often leading to vegetative overgrowth that degrades nesting habitat suitability over time. In this study we capitalized upon the process of salt suppression that naturally occurs in salt‐spray plant communities in order to reintroduce habitat heterogeneity (the mix of open substrate and plant cover) on a common tern (Sterna hirundo) breeding colony in the Gulf of Maine. In 2019, we randomly assigned hypersaline spray and control treatments within 10 experimental blocks across the site, and recorded plant community and seabird reproductive responses. We compared the habitat heterogeneity resulting from salt treatment to estimates of optimal habitat heterogeneity measured within productivity monitoring areas at this site during 2016–2020. We observed an average reduction of approximately 24% plant cover in hypersaline plots relative to control plots (t18 = −5.56, p < 0.001), constituting a substantial increase in nesting habitat heterogeneity. Common tern nesting density was 80% higher in treatment plots relative to controls (t18 = 2.6, P = 0.020), yielding 88% more chicks hatched per square meter (t18 = 3.3, P = 0.004). We suggest that the application of hypersaline spray may serve as an effective and practical habitat management technique in management‐dependent systems such as tern nesting colonies.
Evaluating unmarked abundance estimators using remote cameras and aerial surveys
Authors: Leo Brian T.
Published: June 2022

Reliable population abundance estimates are invaluable to wildlife management programs. Mark‐recapture techniques are regarded as the gold standard for estimating abundance but can be financially or logistically prohibitive. Recent developments in remote camera analytical approaches have provided alternative methods to estimate unmarked populations efficiently but have undergone limited field testing. In September and October 2020, I assessed 2 camera methods that use the same set of time‐lapse photographs; a space to event (STE) model and instantaneous sampling (IS), applied to a case study of feral sheep (Ovis aries) at the US Army's Pōhakuloa Training Area (PTA) on Hawai`i Island. Results of the camera methods were compared to an abundance estimate calculated from an aerial distance sampling survey completed concurrently with camera sampling. A comparison of confidence intervals indicated no statistical difference between estimates, but the relative imprecision of IS suggested the STE model to be a more reliable estimator. The cost of camera sampling was approximately 3 times that of the aerial survey, but camera sampling became more economical if the area was resurveyed 3 or more times. My study showed the STE model to be a cost effective, practical abundance estimator of feral sheep when compared to well‐established aerial distance sampling techniques, and therefore should offer considerable potential for the conservation and management of other easily identifiable species.
Moscow Rules: A Quantitative Exposé
Authors: Miranda Eduardo
Published: June 2022

This article analyzes the performance of the MoSCoW method to deliver all features in each of its categories: Must Have, Should Have and Could Have using Monte Carlo simulation. The analysis shows that under MoSCoW rules, a team ought to be able to deliver all Must Have features for underestimations of up to 100% with very high probability. The conclusions reached are important for developers as well as for project sponsors to know how much faith to put on any commitments made.
Human Rights Impact Assessment and AI
Authors: Mantelero Alessandro
Published: June 2022

The recent turn in the debate on AI regulation from ethics to law, the wide application of AI and the new challenges it poses in a variety of fields of human activities are urging legislators to find a paradigm of reference to assess the impacts of AI and to guide its development. This cannot only be done at a general level, on the basis of guiding principles and provisions, but the paradigm must be embedded into the development and deployment of each application. To this end, this chapter suggests a model for human rights impact assessment (HRIA) as part of the broader HRESIA model. This is a response to the lack of a formal methodology to facilitate an ex-ante approach based on a human-oriented design of AI. The result is a tool that can be easily used by entities involved in AI development from the outset in the design of new AI solutions and can follow the product/service throughout its lifecycle, providing specific, measurable and comparable evidence on potential impacts, their probability, extension, and severity, and facilitating comparison between possible alternative options.