bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strong interlayer hybridization in the aligned SnS2/WSe2 hetero-bilayer structure
Authors: Zribi Jihene , Khalil Lama , Zheng Biyuan , Avila José , Pierucci Debora , Brulé Thibault , Chaste Julien , Lhuillier Emmanuel , Asensio Maria C. , Pan Anlian , Ouerghi Abdelkarim
Published: July 2019

The combination of monolayers of different two-dimensional (2D) materials into van der Waals hetero-bilayer structures creates unprecedented physical phenomena, acting as a powerful tool for future devices. Understanding and exploiting these phenomena hinge on knowing the electronic structure and the hybridization of hetero-bilayer structures. Here, we show strong hybridization effects arising between the constitutive single layers of a SnS2/WSe2 hetero-bilayer structure grown by chemical vapor deposition. Surprisingly, the valence band maximum position of WSe2 is moved from the K point for the single layer WSe2 to the Γ point for the aligned SnS2/WSe2 hetero-bilayer. Additionally, a significant photoluminescence quenching is observed for the SnS2/WSe2 hetero-bilayer structure with respect to the WSe2 monolayer. Using photoluminescence spectroscopy and nano-angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy techniques, we demonstrate that the SnS2/WSe2 heterostructure present a type-II band alignment. These findings directly answer many outstanding questions about the electronic band structure and the band offset of SnS2/WSe2 hetero-bilayers for envisaging their applications in nanoelectronics.
Congenital goitrous hypothyroidism is caused by dysfunction of the iodide transporter SLC26A7
Authors: Ishii Jun , Suzuki Atsushi , Kimura Toru , Tateyama Michihiro , Tanaka Tatsushi , Yazawa Takuya , Arimasu Yu , Chen I-Shan , Aoyama Kohei , Kubo Yoshihiro , Saitoh Shinji , Mizuno Haruo , Kamma Hiroshi
Published: July 2019

Iodide transport and storage in the thyroid follicles is crucial for thyroid hormone synthesis. Pendrin, the iodide exporter that transports iodide to thyroid follicles, is responsible for Pendred syndrome, a disorder characterized by congenital hypothyroidism and hearing loss. However, thyroid hormone levels are basically normal in patients with Pendred syndrome, indicating the presence of another unknown iodide transporter. Here, we show that SLC26A7 is a novel iodide transporter in the thyroid. We observe that SLC26A7 is specifically expressed in normal thyroid tissues and demonstrate its function in iodide transport. Using whole-exome sequencing, we also find a homozygous nonsense mutation in SLC26A7 (c.1498 C > T; p.Gln500Ter) in two siblings with congenital goitrous hypothyroidism. The mutated SLC26A7 protein shows an abnormal cytoplasmic localisation and lacks the iodide transport function. These results reveal that SLC26A7 functions as a novel iodide transporter in the thyroid and its dysfunction affects thyroid hormonogenesis in humans and causes congenital goitrous hypothyroidism.
Aromatic oligoamide foldamers as versatile scaffolds for induced circularly polarized luminescence at adjustable wavelengths
Authors: Merlet Eric , Moreno Kevin , Tron Arnaud , McClenaghan Nathan , Kauffmann Brice , Ferrand Yann , Olivier Céline
Published: July 2019

Quinoline oligoamide foldamers appended with non-chiral fluorophores and derivatized with a camphanyl chiral inducer display strong chiroptical properties at tunable wavelengths as proved by CD and CPL spectroscopies.
Anion and pH dependent molecular motion by a halogen bonding [2]rotaxane
Authors: Klein Harry A. , Kuhn Heike , Beer Paul D.
Published: July 2019

A halogen bonding [2]rotaxane undergoes macrocycle translocation only upon both protonation and chloride anion recognition, resulting in a naked-eye detectable colour change.
A highly diastereoselective [5+1] annulation to 2,2,3-trisubstituted tetrahydroquinoxalines via intramolecular Mannich-type trapping of ammonium ylides
Authors: Guan Xiao-Yu , Tang Min , Liu Zhang-Qin , Hu WenHao
Published: July 2019

A highly diastereoselective [5+1] annulation to 2,2,3-trisubstituted tetrahydroquinoxalines was developed by us.
A simple and visual approach for enantioselective recognition through supramolecular gels with specific selectivity
Authors: Xu Xuemei , Qu Lang , Song Jintong , Wu Dehua , Zhou Xiangge , Xiang Haifeng
Published: July 2019

(S)/(R)1 enantioselectively self-assemble to form a gel or solution with one enantiomer of (S)/(R)BINAM with specific selectivity.
Chirality transfer based on dynamic covalent chemistry: from small chiral molecules to supramolecules
Authors: Sun Panpan , Ren Shujing , Wu Aoli , Sun Na , Shi Lijuan , Zheng Liqiang
Published: July 2019

Chirality transfer from small molecule to supramolecule was successfully achieved via regulation of dynamic covalent chemistry.
The role of conserved residues in the catalytic activity of NDM-1: an approach involving site directed mutagenesis and molecular dynamics
Authors: Ali Abid , Kumar Rakesh , Iquebal Mir Asif , Jaiswal Sarika , Kumar Dinesh , Khan Asad U.
Published: July 2019

Drug degraded by enzyme and hence not targeted on to the cell leading to cell survival. After mutation leading to conformational changes and loss of function hence drug was not degraded and remained available for the target to lyse the cell.
Activated graphene as a material for supercapacitor electrodes: effects of surface area, pore size distribution and hydrophilicity
Authors: Iakunkov Artem , Skrypnychuk Vasyl , Nordenström Andreas , Shilayeva Elizaveta A. , Korobov Mikhail , Prodana Mariana , Enachescu Marius , Larsson Sylvia H. , V.Talyzin Alexandr
Published: July 2019

Activated reduced graphene oxide materials (a-rGO) with variation of N2 BET surface area 1000–3000 m2 g−1 were tested in supercapacitors. Correlations between electrode performance and pore size, pore volume, N2 and H2O BET surface area were evaluated.
Effect of solvent environment on excited state intramolecular proton transfer in 2-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-3-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-4h-chromen-4-one
Authors: Chen Yunpeng , Yang Yunfan , Zhao Yu , Liu Shixing , Li Yongqing
Published: July 2019

The excited state intramolecular proton transfer reactions are increasingly difficult to occur in these solvents: Toluene → THF → DCM → ACN → DMSO.
Functional clustering of B cell receptors using sequence and structural features
Authors: Xu Zichang , Li Songling , Rozewicki John , Yamashita Kazuo , Teraguchi Shunsuke , Inoue Takeshi , Shinnakasu Ryo , Leach Sarah , Kurosaki Tomohiro , Standley Daron M.
Published: July 2019

We describe a method for clustering BCRs based on sequence and predicted structural features in order to identify groups with similar antigen and epitope binding specificity.
New polymorphism and structural sensitivity in triphenylmethylphosphonium trihalide salts
Authors: Kobra Khadijatul , Li Yuxuan , Sachdeva Rakesh , McMillen Colin D. , Pennington William T.
Published: July 2019

PPh3MeX3 (X = I, Br) is studied on the basis of temperature and halide composition revealing new polymorphism structure types.
Influence of air contamination during heat-assisted plasma treatment on adhesion properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
Authors: Ohkubo Yuji , Nakagawa Tetsuya , Endo Katsuyoshi , Yamamura Kazuya
Published: July 2019

We show that both applying a high temperature and decreasing the air concentration enhance the adhesion properties of polytetrafluoroethylene to isobutylene–isoprene rubber, but the adhesion properties decrease with increasing the air concentration during treatment.
Solubility of hydrocarbon oils in alcohols (≤C6) and synthesis of difusel carbonate for degreasing
Authors: Davis Matthew C. , Fedick Patrick W. , Lupton David V. , Ostrom Gregory S. , Quintana Roxanne , Woodroffe Josanne-Dee
Published: July 2019

Simple alcohols and dialkyl carbonates with sufficient non-polar character could be sustainable solvents for degreasing.
Stabilisation of stochastic delay Markovian reaction‐diffusion systems via boundary control
Authors: Wu Kai‐Ning , Han Xin‐Xin , Zhang Wei‐Hai
Published: July 2019

This study considers asymptotic stability in the mean square sense for stochastic delay Markovian reaction‐diffusion systems (SDMRDSs) via boundary control. Firstly, the authors present a boundary controller for the system. By constructing of a Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and utilising of Poincaré inequality, a sufficient criterion of mean square asymptotic stability for SDMRDSs is established. Next, boundary control for stochastic Markovian reaction‐diffusion systems (SMRDSs) with time‐varying delays is also investigated, and a delay‐dependent sufficient condition for SMRDSs under the boundary control law is obtained. In addition, the robust boundary stabilisation of SMRDSs with parametric uncertainty is considered. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Effective time‐domain approach for the assessment of the stability characteristics and other non‐linear effects of RF and microwave circuits
Authors: Pantoli Leonardo , Spina Domenico , Romano Daniele , Antonini Giulio , Leuzzi Giorgio , Dhaene Tom
Published: July 2019

This study describes a systematic approach for the stability analysis of RF and microwave non‐linear circuits in the time‐domain and that can be useful also for the verification of other non‐linearities, like intermodulation. The time‐domain analysis is the most reliable approach for the evaluation of complex non‐linear phenomena but, in general, the transient behaviour of non‐linear circuits is difficult to verify at high frequencies, where distributed elements are common. The solution here addressed overcomes this limitation and it may be applied, without restrictions, also to monolithic microwave integrated circuits and EM‐based designs. Examples of application to hybrid prototypes are provided, and the comparison between simulations and measurements illustrates the accuracy and reliability of the proposed approach.
Diagnostic utility of linked color imaging in the evaluation of colonic mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis: a pilot study
Authors: Kanmura Shuji , Hamamoto Hitomi , Tanaka Akihito , Arima Shiho , Sasaki Fumisato , Tanoue Shiroh , Nasu Yuichiro , Hashimoto Shinichi , Higashi Michiyo , Ido Akio
Published: July 2019

Background and aims Recent studies recommend histological mucosal healing of intestinal tissue as a treatment goal in ulcerative colitis (UC). Linked-color imaging (LCI) is a new endoscopy system that enhances the color differences of the gastrointestinal mucosa. We investigated the efficacy of LCI in the evaluation of intestinal activity, including the histological activity in UC.

Method A total of 21 UC patients who were evaluated by the LASEREO system (FUJIFILM Co., Tokyo, Japan) were enrolled from August to December in 2016. All of the target points were observed by conventional white-light imaging (WLI) and LCI and biopsied from the region of interest in each view. We quantified the color tones of 73 biopsied points on WLI and LCI using the L*a*b* color value (WLI-L, WLI-a, WLI-b, and LCI-L, LCI-a, LCI-b). We then investigated the relationships among the L*a*b* color values, endoscopic findings, and histological healing.

Results The average LCI-a and LCI-b values of patients with high mucosal activity disease were significantly higher than in those with mucosal healing (P < 0.01), and only LCI-a was significantly correlated with the score for histological healing. With regard to the other color values (LCI-L and all WLI values), there were no statistically significant differences in terms of average color value and correlation between patients with high mucosal activity and those with mucosal healing. In addition, the difference in the average color values with LCI and WLI was 7.1 and 3.1, respectively.

Conclusion LCI is more useful than WLI for the visualization and evaluation of mucosal inflammation in UC.
A novel non-thermal resection tool in endoscopic management of scarred polyps
Authors: Kandiah Kesavan , Subramaniam Sharmila , Chedgy Fergus , Thayalasekaran Sreedhari , Venetz Daniel , Aepli Patrick , Bhandari Pradeep
Published: July 2019

Background and study aims Scarred polyps are challenging to resect using conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) techniques. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of the EndoRotor device in resecting scarred polyps arising from previous endoscopic resection attempts.

Patients and methods This was a prospective pilot study of patients with scarred colonic polyps treated using EndoRotor carried out in two centers.

Results A total of 19 patients were included in this study. The overall cure rate using EndoRotor was 84 %; 10 patients (52.6 %) achieved cure after one attempt and six patients (31.5 %) achieved cure after two attempts. A total of three patients who had polyp recurrence after the first EndoRotor resection were referred for either endoscopic submucosal dissection (2 patients) or surgery (1 patient) due to difficult access. There were no perforations, delayed bleeding, post-polypectomy syndrome or complications requiring surgery.

Conclusions In this pilot study, the novel non-thermal device (EndoRotor) has been demonstrated to be a safe and effective technique in challenging management of scarred polyps. Further randomized controlled trials comparing this technique with APC, hot avulsion, ESD and endoscopic full-thickness resection are required to ascertain the utility of EndoRotor in the hands of non-expert endoscopists.
Einfache autologe Shuntrevision 1
Authors: Krönung Gerhard
Published: July 2019

Knickstenosen sind ein häufiger Befund bei maturierten Shuntvenen. Die Indikation zur Revision ist funktionell (Rezirkulation, Armschwellung, parietale Thrombose etc.). Die Stenoseresektion mit venovenöser Patch-Reanastomose bietet sich als einfaches und effektives, autologes Standardverfahren an.
Medizinische Betreuung von jungen Frauen mit Ullrich-Turner-Syndrom in Deutschland
Authors: Dörr Helmuth-Günther , Bettendorf Markus , Binder Gerhard , Brämswig Jürgen , Hauffa Berthold P. , Holterhus Paul-Martin , Mohnike Klaus , Schmidt Heinrich , Stalla Günter K. , Wabitsch Martin , Wölfle Joachim ,   und die Turner-Syndrom-Vereinigung Deutschland e. V.
Published: July 2019

Hintergrund Für die medizinische Betreuung von Frauen mit Ullrich-Turner-Syndrom (UTS) nach dem Ende der kinderärztlichen Betreuung liegen zahlreiche Empfehlungen vor. Es gibt bisher keine Untersuchung, die die Betreuungssituation der Frauen in Deutschland analysiert hat.

Methoden Die Untersuchung wurde bei Frauen mit UTS (Alter ≥ 18 Jahre; Median 25 Jahre) im Jahr 2015 mit einem Fragebogen durchgeführt, der von einer französischen Arbeitsgruppe entwickelt und mit deren Erlaubnis verwendet wurde. Alle Frauen wurden im Kindesalter mit Wachstumshormonen behandelt. Die Frauen wurden über 11 kooperierende Zentren und über die Selbsthilfegruppe UTS identifiziert und von dort angeschrieben. Insgesamt konnten 130 Fragebögen ausgewertet werden.

Ergebnisse Von den 130 Frauen gaben 79 Frauen (61 %) gesundheitliche Probleme an. Bei einem einzigen Facharzt waren 38 % und bei 2 Fachärzten 42 % der Frauen in Dauerbetreuung. Am häufigsten wurde der Gynäkologe mit 80,3 %, gefolgt vom Allgemein-/Hausarzt mit 53,8 % genannt. Der HNO-Bereich wurde von 35 % als Problembereich angegeben, aber nur 3 % der Frauen waren bei einem HNO-Arzt. Die Frage, ob in einem Zeitraum von 4 Jahren mindestens eine der folgenden Untersuchungen (Blutdruckmessung, Blutzucker, Blutfette, Leberwerte, Schilddrüsenhormone, Herz-Ultraschall und Audiogramm) erfolgt sei, wurde wie folgt beantwortet: Blutdruckmessung (85 %), Blutzucker (47 %), Blutfette (41 %), Leberwerte (46 %), Schilddrüsenhormone (44 %), Echokardiografie (57 %) und Audiogramm (35 %). Eine Untersuchung mit allen 7 Parametern wurde bei 9,8 % der Frauen durchgeführt. Bei 103 Frauen (80,5 %) wurde eine Hormonersatztherapie mit Sexualsteroiden durchgeführt. Weitere Medikamente nahmen 76 Frauen ein, wobei Schilddrüsenhormone (44 %) und Antihypertensiva (11 %) am häufigsten genannt wurden.

Schlussfolgerungen In der Studie wird erstmals die medizinische Versorgungssituation von jungen Frauen mit UTS analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Betreuung der Frauen nicht immer optimal ist, die Gründe dafür bleiben nach dieser Studie offen. Aufgrund der zahlreichen und unterschiedlichen Komorbiditäten ist die Betreuung der Frauen komplex und sollte daher multidisziplinär von verschiedenen Fachärzten unter der Leitung eines Arztes erbracht werden.
Detection of minimal mucosal esophageal lesions in non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease using optical enhancement plus optical magnification
Authors: Robles-Medranda Carlos , Valero Manuel , Soria-Alcívar Miguel , Puga-Tejada Miguel , Oleas Roberto , Ospina Jesenia , Alvarado-Escobar Haydee , Baquerizo-Burgos Jorge , Pitanga-Lukashok Hannah
Published: July 2019

Background and study aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of endoscopy using optical enhancement (OE system) with optical magnification to predict reflux in non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) patients.

Patients and methods A prospective, non-randomized, single-blind study was performed from September 2015 to January 2016. Participants suffered from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms and were assigned to the NERD group or the non-reflux disease control group based on endoscopic findings and a 24-hour pH-impedance-monitoring test. Endoscopy using the OE system with optical magnification was performed in all patients to detect minimal mucosal esophageal lesions (MMEL), specifically abnormalities in the numbers, dilation, and tortuosity of intrapapillary capillary loops (IPCLs). Biopsies were obtained from each esophageal segment, and diagnoses from images were compared to diagnoses of reflux and inflammation using 24-hour pH-impedance monitoring and histology, respectively.

Results Fifty-seven patients were included (36 in the NERD group, 21 in the control group). IPCLs were observed in 94.4 % of cases in the NERD group and 38 % of cases in the control group (P  < 0.05). There were significant differences in IPCL abnormalities between groups that were associated with histologically identified inflammation. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 94.4 %, 61.9 %, 80.9 %, 86.6 %, and 82.4 %, respectively. The 24-hour pH-impedance-monitoring test was used as the gold standard. The Kappa interobserver and intraobserver values were 0.85 and 0.90, respectively.

Conclusion The OE system with optical magnification can detect MMEL and predict NERD with high sensitivity, accuracy, and interobserver and intraobserver agreement. Presence of IPCLs highly correlates with histologically identified inflammation.
Improvement in Glycemic Control in Mice of Different Age Groups
Authors: Gamage Suhadinie , Peddibhotla Swetha , Reddy P. Hemachandra , Dhurandhar Nikhil V. , Hegde Vijay
Published: July 2019

Aims and Methods The declining ability to control blood glucose with advancement of age is an important health risk factor and may lead to insulin resistance, type-2-diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. Adenovirus 36(Ad36) improves glycemic control independent of insulin signaling(insulin sparing effect) as evidenced by cell, animal and observational human studies. This property of Ad36 may be useful in correcting aging-related glucose intolerance and related health conditions. Therefore, we determined the effect of Ad36 on glycemic control in older mice, to identify the age group that best responds to Ad36. Six, 12 or 20-month old C57Bl/6 mice on chow diet were each divided into weight-matched groups(mock-infected or Ad36-infected). Body weight was recorded weekly post infection (p.i.) and fasting glucose measured(week 0, 4, 8 and 20 p.i.). Blood glucose and serum insulin were measured during glucose tolerance test(week 0 and 16 p.i.). At week 20 p.i., animals were sacrificed, blood and tissues collected.

Results Mice from all age groups showed improvement in glucose clearance post Ad36 infection, but a more profound effect was observed in 6-month old mice compared with mock-infected mice. Under fed conditions though there was no difference in blood glucose at 20 wk p.i., interestingly, Ad36 reduced serum insulin in age groups old mice, compared with control mice.

Conclusions These findings suggest Ad36 infected animals improve glycemic control and clear post-prandial gluco00000se increase without increasing insulin secretion in an insulin sparing manner. These beneficial effects provide strong evidence for developing Ad36-based approaches as a novel tool to attenuate age associated glucose intolerance.
Genetische Untersuchungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Entwicklungsstörung, Behinderung und Epilepsien – was erwarten Eltern von der Aufklärung
Authors: Mey Marie , Jenke Andreas C.W. , Borusiak Peter
Published: July 2019

Hintergrund Die informierte Zustimmung des Patienten bzw. seiner Sorgeberechtigten ist unabdingbare Voraussetzung für genetische Diagnostik. Die Aufklärung über derartige genetische Diagnostik stellt den beratenden Arzt vor besondere Herausforderungen bzgl. laienverständlicher Vermittlung komplexer Zusammenhänge, Empathie in die Situation der Familie, Berücksichtigung des elterlichen Rechtes auf Wissen ebenso wie auf Nichtwissen. Die Erwartungen von Eltern an eine solche Aufklärung sind bisher allerdings kaum untersucht.

Methode In einem stufenweisen Vorgehen wurden zunächst freie Interviews mit 5 Elternpaaren geführt, auf deren Basis ein halbstandardisierter Fragebogen entwickelt wurde. Dieser wurde dann in einer Befragung von 30 Eltern von Kindern mit Intelligenzminderung, Autismus und/oder Epilepsien, bei denen eine molekulargenetische Untersuchung in der Vergangenheit durchgeführt wurde, eingesetzt.

Ergebnisse Die Aufklärungsgespräche bedeuten für die Eltern eine Herausforderung und emotionale Anspannung. Einen hohen Stellenwert haben hier v. a. die Bereiche „Diagnose“ und „Therapie“. Die Eigeneinschätzung der Vorkenntnisse ist sehr unterschiedlich, wobei viele Eltern Verständnisprobleme im Gespräch angaben. Überwiegend als „sehr wichtig“ oder „wichtig“ wurden folgende Themenbereiche eingeordnet: Befunde unklarer Zuordnung bzgl. der Pathogenität, Zufallsbefunde, Recht auf Nichtwissen, psychische Folgen, weiterer Verlauf, mögliche Therapien. 10 Eltern hatten entweder keinen oder einen Sonderschulabschluss, 20 Eltern waren im Deutschen Nichtmuttersprachler.

Diskussion Eltern haben einen hohen Informationsbedarf, der fast alle Bereiche der Aufklärung umfasst. Kommunikative Hürden erschweren auch aus Elternsicht die Aufklärung. Hier besteht klares Verbesserungspotenzial. Internet-basierte Angebote in mehreren Sprachen und in leichter Sprache könnten eine Hilfestellung bieten.
Der Einfluss der Alltagsrelevanz von
APHABu-Fragen auf deren Beantwortung
Authors: Storz Stephanie , Wollenberg Barbara , Schönweiler Rainer , Löhler Jan
Published: July 2019

Einleitung Der APHAB-Fragebogen ist eine Möglichkeit, das subjektive
Hörvermögen in verschiedenen Situationen zu ermitteln. Eine Voruntersuchung
zeigte, dass die APHAB-Fragen eine unterschiedliche Relevanz im Alltag der
Befragten haben. Mit dieser Studie sollte ermittelt werden, ob die
Alltagsrelevanz der einzelnen APHAB-Fragen auch einen Einfluss auf die Bewertung
der Fragen hat.

Methoden Von Juni 2017 bis November 2017 wurde bei 517 schwerhörenden
Probanden aus 11 verschiedenen HNO-Praxen in Schleswig-Holstein im Rahmen der
Befragung mittels des APHAB-Fragebogens parallel die Alltagsrelevanz der
einzelnen Fragen für die Befragten auf einer weiteren, vierstufigen Antwortskala
(häufig – manchmal – selten – nie) ermittelt. Die Antworten wurden in einer
Kreuztabelle den APHAB-Fragen zugeordnet und mittels
Kreuztabellen/χ2-Test und Cramérs V als Zusammenhangsmaß
ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Der Mittelwert des Probandenalters lag bei 67,4 Jahren
(± 14,0 Jahre); 45,3 % der Teilnehmer waren weiblichen, 54,7 % männlichen
Geschlechts. Vier Fragen der EC-Subskala, drei der BN-Skala und zwei der
RV-Skala wiesen einen mittleren Zusammenhang zwischen der Alltagsrelevanz und
der APHAB-Bewertung auf, hinsichtlich eines schwachen Zusammenhangs ist es genau
umgekehrt. Eine besondere Häufung hinsichtlich der mit einem schwachen
Zusammenhang bewerteten findet sich bei allen invers formulierten APHAB-Fragen
(p < 0,001).

Diskussion Es ließ sich nachweisen, dass ein Zusammenhang zwischen der
Alltagsrelevanz der APHAB-Frage und ihrer Beantwortung besteht, allerdings
unterschiedlich ausgeprägt für die einzelnen Fragen. Insgesamt ist dieser
Zusammenhang bei der einen Hälfte der APHAB-Fragen in einem schwachen, bei der
anderen Hälfte in einem mittleren Ausmaß vorhanden (Cramérs V). Die Gründe
hierfür sind unklar und bedürfen einer weiteren Untersuchung.
The Petroclinoid Ligament: Its Morphometrics, Relationships, Variations, and Suggestion for New Terminology
Authors: Iwanaga Joe , Altafulla Juan J. , Gutierrez Santiago , Dupont Graham , Watanabe Koichi , Litvack Zachary , Tubbs R. Shane
Published: July 2019

The anatomy and definition of the petroclinoid ligament (PCL) and its relationship with the abducens nerve are variably described. The goal of this study was to clarify the anatomy of the PCL and better elucidate its relationship with the abducens nerve. Thirty-six sides from 18 fresh-frozen adult cadaveric heads were used in this study. Specimens were all Caucasian and derived from 10 males and 8 females. The mean age at death was 79 years. Dissection of the PCL and abducens nerve was performed using a surgical microscope. The anterior and posterior attachments of the PCL, and position of the abducens nerve were noted. Subsequently, the width, thickness, and length of the ligament, and diameter of the abducens nerve were measured. Thirty-one sides (86.1%) were found to have a PCL, on two sides (5.6%), the PCL was ossified, and on three sides (8.3%), the PCL was absent. The width, thickness, and length of the PCL ranged from 0.54 to 3.39, 0.07 to 0.49, and 3.27 to 17.85 mm, respectively. No PCL had an anterior attachment onto the posterior clinoid process but rather, the clivus. Therefore, based on our findings, the PCL would be better described as the petroclival ligament.
Knowledge of Pregnant Women about Pregnancy Gingivitis and Children Oral Health
Authors: Togoo Rafi A. , Al-Almai Balsam , Al-Hamdi Fatimah , Huaylah Salha H. , Althobati Mashael , Alqarni Safeyah
Published: July 2019

Objective A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out among 251 pregnant women to assess their level of knowledge and perception regarding pregnancy gingivitis and the oral health of new born children.

Materials and Methods A self-administered validated questionnaire was distributed among pregnant women visiting the Child and Maternity Hospital, Ministry of Health, Aseer, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire included the questions related to their knowledge/awareness about cause, treatment, preventive measures, and the adverse effects of gingivitis on oral health of a woman.

Statistical Analysis The data was entered into Microsoft excel sheet and put to statistical analysis using SPSS (version 17). Descriptive analysis and also chi-squared test was used for comparison.

Results Majority of pregnant women were found unaware about developing of pregnancy gingivitis as well as the cause, effects, treatment, and preventive measures for the same. Most of the subjects agreed that it was essentially required to have oral health education before their pregnancy term would start.

Conclusion Most of the pregnant women said that they were unaware about pregnancy gingivitis, though few reported of being aware about it. It is inferred that the collaborative efforts between general dentists, pediatric dentists, public health dentists, and medical professionals are needed to raise awareness among pregnant women regarding timely dental care to avoid the adverse pregnancy related outcomes due to gingivitis and periodontitis.
Inverse scattering transform for two-level systems with nonzero background
Authors: Biondini Gino , Gabitov Ildar , Kovačič Gregor , Li Sitai
Published: July 2019

We formulate the inverse scattering transform for the scalar Maxwell-Bloch system of equations describing the resonant interaction of light and active optical media in the case when the light intensity does not vanish at infinity. We show that pure background states in general do not exist with a nonzero background field. We then use the formalism to compute explicitly the soliton solutions of this system. We discuss the initial population of atoms and show that the pure soliton solutions do not correspond to a pure state initially. We obtain a representation for the soliton solutions in determinant form and explicitly write down the one-soliton solutions. We next derive periodic solutions and rational solutions from the one-soliton solutions. We then analyze the properties of these solutions, including discussion of the sharp-line and small-amplitude limits, and thereafter show that the two limits do not commute. Finally, we investigate the behavior of general solutions, showing that solutions are stable (i.e., the radiative parts of solutions decay) only when initially atoms in the ground state dominate, i.e., initial population inversion is negative.
Particle-laden thin-film flow in helical channels with arbitrary shallow cross-sectional shape
Authors: Arnold D. J. , Stokes Y. M. , Green J. E. F.
Published: July 2019

Particle-laden flows in helical channels are of interest for their applications in spiral particle separators used in the mining and mineral processing industries. In this paper, we extend the previous work of Lee, Stokes, and Bertozzi [“Behaviour of a particle-laden flow in a spiral channel,” Phys. Fluids 26, 043302 (2014)] by studying thin-film flows of monodisperse particle-laden fluid in helically wound channels of arbitrary centerline curvature and torsion and arbitrary cross-sectional shape. In the case where the particles are uniformly distributed through the depth of the film, significant analytic progress can be made yielding insight into the influence of channel geometry on particle distribution across the channel cross section: the governing equations reduce to a single nonlinear ordinary differential equation, which is readily integrated numerically to obtain the solution subject to appropriate boundary conditions. Motivated by possible application to the design of spiral separators, we consider the effects of changing the channel centerline geometry, the cross-sectional shape and the particle density on the resulting flows, and the radial distribution of particles. Our results support the findings in the work of Arnold, Stokes, and Green [“Thin-film flow in helically wound rectangular channels of arbitrary torsion and curvature,” J. Fluid Mech. 764, 76–94 (2015)] regarding the effect of channel centerline geometry and cross-sectional shape on flows in particle-free regions. In particle-rich regions, similar effects are seen although the primary velocity is lower due to increased effective mixture viscosity. Of key interest is the effect of channel geometry on the focusing of the particles for given fluxes of fluid and particles. We find that introducing a trench into the channel cross section, a feature often used in commercial spiral particle separators, leads to a smaller radial width of the particle-rich region, i.e., sharper focusing of the particles, which is consistent with experiments showing that channel geometry influences particle separation in a spiral separator.
Fabrication of InN on epitaxial graphene using RF-MBE
Authors: Ishimaru Daiki , Bhuiyan Ashraful G. , Hashimoto Akihiro
Published: July 2019

This paper reports the fabrication of InN layers on the epitaxial graphene (EG) using radio-frequency plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (RF-MBE). Prior to the fabrication of InN, single crystalline EG with step and terrace structure was formed on 6H-SiC (0001) substrate in an Ar ambient by the Si sublimation method. Single crystalline epitaxial layers of InN with smooth surfaces are successfully fabricated on the EG using RF-MBE. InN layers with terrace and step structure are grown on the graphene surface up to 2MLs, and InN are grown in a layer by layer 2D growth mode. If the number of layers is increased above 3 MLs, the terrace and steps disappear, and the growth mode changes to 3D mode. The Raman spectroscopy analysis shows that the interfacial stress is reduced for the InN layer grown on the EG surface. The quality of the grown InN layer on the EG surface achieved at present is comparable to the InN film grown on sapphire. This work opens the possibility of growing high-quality InN layers on the EG surface in the near future.
Diagrammatics of the quartic O(N)3-invariant Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev-like tensor model
Authors: Bonzom Valentin , Nador Victor , Tanasa Adrian
Published: July 2019

Various tensor models have been recently shown to have the same properties as the celebrated Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model. In this paper, we study in detail the diagrammatics of two such SYK-like tensor models: the multiorientable (MO) model which has a U(N) × O(N) × U(N) symmetry and a quartic O(N)3-invariant model whose interaction has the tetrahedral pattern. We show that the Feynman graphs of the MO model can be seen as the Feynman graphs of the O(N)3-invariant model which have an orientable jacket. Then, we present a diagrammatic toolbox to analyze the O(N)3-invariant graphs. This toolbox allows for a simple strategy to identify all the graphs of a given order in the 1/N expansion. We apply it to the next-to-next-to-leading and next-to-next-to-next-to-leading orders which are the graphs of degree 1 and 3/2, respectively.
Mechanism of end-gas autoignition induced by flame-pressure interactions in confined space
Authors: Wei Haiqiao , Zhang Xiaojun , Zeng Hao , Deiterding Ralf , Pan Jiaying , Zhou Lei
Published: July 2019

The main objective of this work is to comprehensively provide a fundamental understanding of the entire process of the flame-pressure wave interactions with end-gas autoignition and detonation development in a confined chamber by two-dimensional numerical simulations with a stoichiometric hydrogen/air mixture. The flame dynamics, pressure wave propagation, and its structure evolution, together with the mechanism of autoignition and detonation development in the end gas, are analyzed in detail. Six stages, including spherical flame, finger flame, flame with its skirt touching the sidewalls, flame-pressure wave interactions, end-gas autoignition induced by the flame-pressure wave interactions, and detonation development, are observed for the flame development in the confined space. The results demonstrate that the flame-pressure wave multi-interactions result in violent oscillations of the flame shape and speed. Three stages of flame shape evolution during each interaction, backward propagation of the flame front, stretch of the flame front at the boundary layer, and formation of the tulip flame, are captured. A new mechanism in terms of combined effects of the viscous boundary layer and pressure waves is provided for the formation of the tulip flame. It is also found that the velocity distributions in the boundary layer show the trend of increase first and then decrease after the pressure waves pass the fields twice in the opposite directions. The autoignition occurrence and detonation initiation at different positions and different moments in the end-gas region are analyzed. It is indicated that the nonuniform temperature distribution induced by the reflections of pressure waves and the specific pressure wave structures can be responsible for this phenomenon.
Selective hyperpolarization of heteronuclear singlet states via pulsed microtesla SABRE
Authors: Tanner Christian P. N. , Lindale Jacob R. , Eriksson Shannon L. , Zhou Zijian , Colell Johannes F. P. , Theis Thomas , Warren Warren S.
Published: July 2019

Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) and its heteronuclear variant SABRE in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei create large nuclear magnetization in target ligands, exploiting level crossings in an iridium catalyst that transiently binds both the ligands and parahydrogen. This requires a specific, small magnetic field to match Zeeman splittings to scalar couplings. Here, we explore a different strategy, direct creation of heteronuclear singlet states in the target ligands, which produces enhanced signals at other field strengths, including zero field. We also show that pulsed methods (including pulsed field nulling) coherently and selectively pump such singlets, affording a significant enhancement on the resulting hyperpolarization.
Shear force measurement of the hydrodynamic wall position in molecular dynamics
Authors: Herrero Cecilia , Omori Takeshi , Yamaguchi Yasutaka , Joly Laurent
Published: July 2019

Flows in nanofluidic systems are strongly affected by liquid-solid slip, which is quantified by the slip length and by the position where the slip boundary condition applies. Here, we show that the viscosity, slip length, and hydrodynamic wall position (HWP) can be accurately determined from a single molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of a Poiseuille flow, after identifying a relation between the HWP and the wall shear stress in that configuration. From this relation, we deduce that in gravity-driven flows, the HWP identifies with the Gibbs dividing plane of the liquid-vacuum density profile. Simulations of a generic Lennard-Jones liquid confined between parallel frozen walls show that the HWP for a pressure-driven flow is also close to the Gibbs dividing plane (measured at equilibrium), which therefore provides an inexpensive estimate of the HWP, going beyond the common practice of assuming a given position for the hydrodynamic wall. For instance, we show that the HWP depends on the wettability of the surface, an effect usually neglected in MD studies of liquid-solid slip. Overall, the method introduced in this article is simple, fast, and accurate and could be applied to a large variety of systems of interest for nanofluidic applications.
Temporal evolution of beta bursts in the parkinsonian cortical and basal ganglia network
Authors: Cagnan Hayriye , Mallet Nicolas , Moll Christian K. E. , Gulberti Alessandro , Holt Abbey B. , Westphal Manfred , Gerloff Christian , Engel Andreas K. , Hamel Wolfgang , Magill Peter J. , Brown Peter , Sharott Andrew
Published: July 2019

Significance

Prevalence and temporal dynamics of transient oscillations in the beta frequency band (15 to 35 Hz), referred to as β bursts, are correlated with motor performance. Disturbance of these activities is a candidate mechanism for motor impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD), where the excessively long bursts correlate with symptom severity and are reduced by pharmacological and surgical treatments. Here we describe the changes in action potential firing that take place across multiple nodes of the cortical and basal ganglia circuit as these transient oscillations evolve. These analyses provide fresh insights into the network dynamics of β bursts that can guide novel strategies to interfere with their generation and maintenance in PD.
Intrinsic expression of viperin regulates thermogenesis in adipose tissues
Authors: Eom John , Kim Jeong Jin , Yoon Seul Gi , Jeong Haengdueng , Son Soojin , Lee Jae Bong , Yoo Jihye , Seo Hyun Ju , Cho Yejin , Kim Ku Sul , Choi Kyung Mi , Kim Il Yong , Lee Hui-Young , Nam Ki Taek , Cresswell Peter , Seong Je Kyung , Seo Jun-Young
Published: July 2019

Significance

The expression of numerous interferon (IFN)-inducible proteins is triggered by IFN or stimuli that activate IFN signaling pathways in innate immune responses. However, many of these proteins are expressed without stimulation in specific tissues, suggesting that their intrinsic expression may have novel functions. We show here that viperin, an IFN-inducible protein, regulates fatty acid β-oxidation–mediated thermogenesis in adipose tissues. Viperin deficiency up-regulates the expression of thermogenesis- and fatty acid β-oxidation–related genes, which in turn increases heat production, reduces fat mass, improves high-fat diet–induced glucose tolerance, and enhances cold tolerance. Thus, the intrinsic expression of viperin plays a novel, pivotal role in thermoregulation.
Exploring the learning potential of models with secondary school EFL
learners
Authors: Montealegre Ramón Félix
Published: July 2019

The role of Corrective Feedback (CF) in the process of acquiring
a second language (L2) has been deemed an issue of controversy among theorists
and researchers alike. In this empirical study, the objective is to investigate
the quality of EFL learners’ processing of feedback employing models and
different types of noticing (perfunctory or substantive [Qi & Lapkin, 2001]). The study was carried out with
13- and 14-year-old learners placed in two groups and engaged in a three-stage
writing task that included composing a picture-based story (Stage 1), comparing
their texts with a model (Stage 2), and rewriting the story (Stage 3). The
groups differed in the way they were prompted to process the model text. The
findings indicate that there are no differences between the two feedback groups
within stages. All the participants increased the number of features reported
across stages regardless of the feedback condition. The employment of a model
text provided the students with alternative features related to lexis, form, and
ideas. The potential effects of model texts and types of noticing on L2
learners’ language development are discussed.
Using learner corpus methods in L2 acquisition
research
Authors: Lozano Cristóbal , Díaz-Negrillo Ana
Published: July 2019

Since the 1970s, findings from Morpheme Order Studies (MOS) have
suggested that the emergence of morphemes follows a predictable order in L2
English. In this paper we show how the tools and practices in Learner Corpus
Research (LCR) offer a richer descriptive basis, which is achieved with
Interlanguage Annotation (ILA), a manual, fined-grained, purpose-oriented type
of annotation. Additionally, we use a standardised placement test, since
proficiency level has been overlooked in most previous MOS. Both of these
practices provide a more detailed description of morpheme accuracy order across
different levels. We analyse four proficiency levels (A1-B2) in a subcorpus of
L1 Spanish-L2 English secondary-school learners from the CORpus of English as a
Foreign Language (COREFL). Our results partially confirm findings from previous
MOS, but also reveal key findings that had gone previously unnoticed regarding
the role of proficiency level and the subtype of errors, which are relevant
factors for SLA research.
Quantity of target language contact in study abroad and knowledge of multiword expressions
Authors: Arvidsson Klara
Published: July 2019

This study takes a Usage-Based approach to the learning of French multiword expressions (MWEs) in Study Abroad (SA). MWEs are conventionalized form-meaning mappings, for exampledu coup(‘and so’) anden fait(‘actually’), and are assumed to be learned through repeated exposure. Based on this assumption, the study adopted a pretest/posttest design to explore how quantity of out-of-class target-language (TL) contact predicted the development of MWE knowledge among 41 Swedish students during a semester in France. MWE knowledge was assessed by a modified cloze test based on transcriptions of informal language use (www.clapi.fr) and TL contact information was obtained through the Language Engagement Questionnaire (McManus, Mitchell, & Tracy-Ventura, 2014). Contrary to expectations, the findings showed that quantity of out-of-class TL contact did not predict gains in MWE knowledge and add further counterevidence for the role of sheer quantity of TL contact for linguistic development in SA.
Vulgarisation scientifique et médiatisation de la science
Authors: Ledouble Hélène
Published: July 2019

This article explores terminological variation, in particular denominative variation, in popular science discourse. Our objective is to analyse the terminological complexity and instability of terms referring to the controversial notion ofbiocontrol (lutte biologiquein French) in two types of publications. The analysis is based on the identification of the different denominations used in this interdisciplinary subject field, both in a Journal specialized in plant protection and in the most popular French daily newspapers. Our study aims to give an in-depth linguistic and cognitive analysis of French terms and explain the reasons for the observed variation. As most scientific research topics gaining public attention, biological control (or biocontrol) is prone to a multiplication of terms. In this study, we show how the profusion of terms, in a domain with important scientific and societal implications, can maintain or even exacerbate terminological and conceptual confusion.
TermEnsembler
Authors: Repar Andraž , Podpečan Vid , Vavpetič Anže , Lavrač Nada , Pollak Senja
Published: July 2019

This paper describes TermEnsembler, a bilingual term extraction and alignment system utilizing a novel ensemble learning
approach to bilingual term alignment. In the proposed system, the processing starts with monolingual term extraction from a language
industry standard file type containing aligned English and Slovenian texts. The two separate term lists are then automatically aligned using
an ensemble of seven bilingual alignment methods, which are first executed separately and then merged using the weights learned with an
evolutionary algorithm. In the experiments, the weights were learned on one domain and tested on two other domains. When evaluated on the
top 400 aligned term pairs, the precision of term alignment is over 96%, while the number of correctly aligned multi-word unit terms exceeds
30% when evaluated on the top 400 term pairs.
Interpreting for Soviet leaders
Authors: Rogatchevski Andrei
Published: July 2019

Top interpreters are rarely able to discuss publicly negotiations between their bosses-cum-clients. Yet the downfall of Nazi Germany and the USSR allowed some interpreters to speak, in interviews and memoirs, without fear of retribution. In the end, only a few told their story, and some did not always tell it correctly, either because of memory lapses or because of a desire to appear more informed or to distance themselves from the people for whom they had worked. Still, these publications contain material to investigate to what degree, in the service of an all-powerful client, interpreters remained “invisible” or exercised a “special interactional power, […] as a result of his or her bilingual and bicultural expertise” (Mason and Ren 2012: 238). This article presents a case study of Soviet interpreters for Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev and Gorbachev and their associates, with memoirs by the interpreters for Hitler and British PMs consulted for cross-correlation.
On the relation between very weak and Leray–Hopf solutions to Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Galdi Giovanni
Published: July 2019

We prove a general result that implies that very weak solutions to the Cauchy problem for the Navier–Stokes equations must be, in fact, Leray–Hopf solutions if only their initial data are (solenoidal) with finite kinetic energy.
The Morris model
Authors: Karagila Asaf
Published: July 2019

Douglass B. Morris announced in 1970 that it is consistent with

Z
F

\mathsf {ZF}

that “For every

α
\alpha

, there exists a set

A
α

A_\alpha

which is the countable union of countable sets, and

P

(

A
α

)

\mathcal P(A_\alpha )

can be partitioned into

ℵ
α

\aleph _\alpha

non-empty sets”. The result was never published in a journal (it was proved in full in Morris’ dissertation) and seems to have been lost, save a mention in Jech’s “Axiom of Choice”. We provide a proof using modern tools derived from recent work of the author. We also prove a new preservation theorem for general products of symmetric systems, which we use to obtain the consistency of Dependent Choice with the above statement (replacing “countable union of countable sets” by “union of

κ
\kappa

sets of size

κ
\kappa

”).