bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turnout among non-western immigrants
Authors: Bhatti Yosef , Hansen Kasper Møller
Published: March 2022

Electoral turnout among non-western immigrants is substantially lower than among ethnic Danes. How much of the difference in turnout is simply due to different demographic compositions of the two groups? In the 2013 Danish municipal election, first-generation non-western immigrants voted 31 percentage points less than ethnic Danes, even when demographic composition is taken into consideration. Second-generation non-western immigrants voted 4 percentage points less than the first generation when demographic composition is not considered, but 7 percentage points more under control for the two groups’ different demographic composition. The gap in turnout between second-generation non-western immigrants and ethnic Danes shrinks when demographic composition is considered, but the group still lags 24 percentage points behind. Danish citizens turn out more than non-Danish citizens, but we do not find strong evidence of an effect of becoming a citizen when we try to identify the independent effect of this factor. The analysis indicates that the process up to becoming a citizen increases turnout at the municipal election, but that this effect disappears when citizenship is obtained. However, there is a need for more studies in the area.
Den danske velfærdsstat og de nye medborgere: Bakker ikke-vestlige indvandrere og efterkommere op om velfærdsstatens centrale værdier?
Authors: Breidahl Karen Nielsen
Published: March 2022

I hvilket omfang bakker ikke-vestlige indvandrere og efterkommere op om velfærdsstatens centrale værdier, og gør de det i samme omfang som etniske danskere? Artiklen undersøger dette spørgsmål nærmere med afsæt i surveydata indsamlet i 2014 blandt et repræsentativt udsnit af majoritetsbefolkningen samt de fem største ikke-vestlige indvandrergrupper i Danmark og deres efterkommere. Artiklen finder, at der er udbredt opbakning blandt danskere, ikke-vestlige indvandrere samt efterkommere til velfærdsstatslige værdier som pligten til at arbejde, ligestilling mellem kønnene, opbakning til offentligt finansieret velfærd samt solidaritet med de dårligst stillede i samfundet. Derudover optræder der også nogle interessante forskelle og ligheder grupperne imellem.
The educational performance of immigrant children: Examination of the native-immigrant education gap
Authors: Fallesen Helene Wind
Published: March 2022

Why is there a native-immigrant education gap in Denmark? And has the gap been reduced over time? This article adds to existing research by examining the explanations behind the existence of the education gap and the development in the gap across time. The education gap is examined by comparing upper secondary completion rates for children graduating from compulsory school between 1990 and 2007. The education production function is estimated as a linear probability model with OLS. The article finds that the gap has narrowed significantly over the past 20 years and that differences in family background explain a large part of the gap. Furthermore, a strong relation between the child’s age at arrival and educational performance is found.
Den danske FN-aktivismes storhed og fald 1945-2016
Authors: Jakobsen Peter Viggo , Kjærsgaard Kristine
Published: March 2022

De Forende Nationer (FN) udgjorde kernen i Danmarks udenrigspolitiske aktivisme fra slutningen af 1950’erne og frem til midten af 1990’erne. Siden da er FN blevet marginaliseret. Dansk udenrigspolitisk aktivisme udfoldes i dag primært i rammerne af den Europæiske Union (EU), den Nordatlantiske Traktat Organisation (NATO) og amerikansk-ledede koalitioner. De store skift i den danske FN-aktivisme i perioden 1945-2016 analyseres i tre domæner: diplomati, økonomi og militær ved hjælp af fire indikatorer: frivillighed, initiativrigdom, risikovillighed og ressourceforbrug. FN-aktivismens storhed og fald var resultatet af et samspil mellem skiftende internationale rammebetingelser (trusler, normer, international efterspørgsel og samarbejdsmuligheder) og beslutningstagernes bestræbelser på at fremme danske interesser og værdier/altruisme. FN mistede sin hovedrolle i dansk udenrigspolitik, fordi organisationen ikke viste sig velegnet til at fremme vestlige og danske interesser og værdier i perioden efter den kolde krig. Danske beslutningstagere valgte derfor at satse på EU og NATO.
Right radicalism: A luxury good for globalization losers in equal societies?
Authors: Ulrichsen David Vestergård , Madsen Emil Bargmann
Published: March 2022

Electoral support of radical right parties (RRPs) varies significantly between European countries. In Denmark and the Netherlands, these parties enjoy electoral popularity, while similar support is absent in Portugal and Estonia. We investigate whether economic inequality affects the support of RRPs, and whether the effect is most pronounced among losers of economic globalization. Finally, we test if the association strengthened after the onset of the economic crisis in 2008. Using multilevel cross-sectional data from 16 European countries in 2006 and 2010, we show that economic inequality decreases support for RRPs, especially among losers of globalization. We argue that inequality increases the impact of voters’ economic interests on their party choice and decreases the importance of social cultural issues. Therefore fewer people will vote for RRPs who primarily mobilize voters on social cultural issues.
Selvskadens moralske anatomi
Authors: Andersen Didde Boisen
Published: March 2022

Når en person skærer i, brænder eller slår sig selv, synes vi intuitivt at reagere med bekymring og en holdning om, at dette er en adfærd, som vi bør gribe ind over for. Men er det egentlig det? Selvskade kan for mange ses som den mindst smertefulde og mest hensigtsmæssige mestringsstrategi til at håndtere deres egen situation, og det kan derfor være velfærdsnedsættende at forhindre disse personer i at skade sig selv. Derfor bør vi revidere vores intuitive reaktion overfor fænomenet, da skaden isoleret set ikke synes at retfærdiggøre denne intuition. Der synes potentielt at være noget iboende forkert i at skade sig selv, men alt taget i betragtning er dette ikke nok til at begrunde et indgreb i adfærden. Det er dog vigtigt at understrege, at vi ikke skal negligere, at personer, der skader sig selv, kan have brug for hjælp. Hjælpen bør dog ikke bestå i at bekæmpe selve den selvskadende adfærd men i at fokusere på det underliggende problem.
Burde meningsmålinger være ulovlige?
Authors: Sønderholm Jørn
Published: March 2022

Denne artikel handler om meningsmålinger. Mere specifikt behandler den spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt det bør være ulovligt at offentliggøre resultaterne af meningsmålinger. Spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt offentliggørelse af meningsmålingsresultater bør være ulovligt, er af teoretisk interesse, men det er også af praktisk interesse, fordi et stort antal lande har gennemført love, som gør det ulovligt at offentliggøre meningsmålingsresultater. Denne artikel konkluderer, at der ikke bør være nogen juridiske restriktioner på offentliggørelse af meningsmålingsresultater. Offentliggørelse af sådanne resultater bør være lovligt på et hvilket som helst tidspunkt. I artiklens andet afsnit fremføres et argument for, at udgangspunktet i debatten om, hvorvidt det skal være lovligt at offentliggøre resultaterne af meningsmålinger bør være, at dette skal være lovligt. Der argumenteres for, i) at dette argument er overbevisende. Der kan dog være mindst ét stærkere argument for den opfattelse, at offentliggørelse af meningsmålingsresultater bør være ulovligt. I tredje afsnit argumenteres der for, ii) at der ikke eksisterer et sådant argument. Forudsat at argumenterne for i) og ii) er overbevisende, vil et meget plausibelt argument til fordel for denne artikels konklusion være etableret.
Building a wall or a bridge: Citizens’ behavior in their encounters with the public sector
Authors: Nielsen Vibeke Lehmann , Nielsen Helle Ørsted
Published: March 2022

We know from implementation studies that street-level bureaucrats have a significant impact on the distribution of public goods, and that their decisions are affected by the behavior of the individual citizens with whom they interact. In this way, citizens indirectly affect the implementation of public policies. Yet, we have only limited knowledge about citizens’ behavior in these interactions. This article aims to build a systematic conceptual framework on citizen behavior in interaction with public agents. It builds on data from an e-survey that examines self-reported behavior of respondents in a set of hypothetical scenarios across three public sector fields, and uses cluster analysis to identify behavioral types. The analysis shows distinct behavior types in each sub-sector, but varying across areas. However, these types do not correlate with classic sociodemographic variables.
Working in the frontline: The art of balancing between opposing demands and conflicts
Authors: Agger Annika , Poulsen Birgitte
Published: March 2022

According to recent studies in implementation research, the quality of the interplay between front-line staff and target groups, affects the degree to which policy is implemented. Therefore, the ability of front-line workers to balance between ensuring professional knowledge and at the same time facilitate inclusive processes is of great importance in co-production processes with citizens. Despite the growing interest in co-production and interactive processes, there are relatively few studies that focus on what happens in practice when front-line staff aims to build trust and coordinate action between conflicting interests. In this article, we investigate how front-line workers experience and handle conflicts through their work in co-production processes. Theoretically, we employ theories of street-level bureaucracy and conflict resolution. Empirically, we draw on a study of 16 front-line managers in urban renewal efforts in Malmö and Copenhagen, characterized by active involvement of citizens.
Citizens’ satisfaction with public service: A question of quality and expectations?
Authors: Hjortskov Morten
Published: March 2022

Satisfaction surveys are increasingly used to inform citizens and decision makers about the quality of public services. This use of satisfaction surveys demands a close relationship between citizens’ satisfaction and the actual quality of the service. Research is mixed on this point, which may have large implications for the use of citizen satisfaction surveys. In this study, I investigate two aspects of the relationship between quality and satisfaction: Does an objective measure of service quality and the citizens’ expectations to the public service affect the citizens’ satisfaction levels? This question is investigated using satisfaction data from schools in the City of Aarhus from 2011 and 2013 as well as data from the national tests. The results show that both the objective measure of quality and citizens’ expectations affect satisfaction with Danish schools.
“It’s like an exam”: An exploratory study of target group strategies
Authors: Bisgaard Mette
Published: March 2022

Studies of public administration have shown that the characteristics and behaviors of citizens with whom street-level bureaucrats interact affect their decision-making. However, our knowledge about citizens’ behaviors is limited. Based on qualitative interviews, this article explores how citizens prepare strategies before interacting with public authorities. The analysis shows that citizens use four different preparatory strategies: They seek advice and guidance, they prepare content and documentation, they plan their attitude, and they prepare mentally. However, the analysis also shows that the citizens’ preparatory strategies vary in scope and content, as reflected in four client types: the fighter, the self-propelled, the advise-seeking and the immediate client.
Intimt medborgerskab i det 21. århundrede
Authors: Mørck Yvonne , Rosenbeck Bente
Published: March 2022

T.H. Marshalls medborgerskabsforståelse fra 1950 bliver stadig videreudviklet, eksempelvis med begrebet intimt medborgerskab, som overordnet henviser til at have eller ikke at have kontrol over sin krop, sine følelser, relationer og identitet(er). En sammentænkning af begreberne intersektionalitet og intimt medborgerskab tilbyder en stærk analytisk tilgang til centrale udfordringer, som det danske senmoderne samfund står over for i forhold til borgeres personlige og intime liv. Det gælder i relation til områder som vold mod kvinder i etniske minoritetsfamilier, nydanske LGBT-personers livsvilkår og interkønnedes rettigheder. Kravet om fuldt medborgerskab kommer således til at omfatte ligestilling og seksuelle rettigheder. Samtidig med at den intersektionelle analytiske tilgang er under kontinuerlig udvikling, fremhæver vi behovet for flere intersektionelt inspirerede analyser af levet liv og hverdagspraksisser.
Verdipolarisering i norsk kontekst? Avstand mellom elite og befolkning i holdninger til innvandring og likestilling
Authors: Midtbøen Arnfinn H. , Teigen Mari
Published: March 2022

I hvilken grad skiller den norske eliten og befolkningen for øvrig seg fra hverandre i synet på innvandring og kjønnslikestilling? Artikkelen analyserer data fra den norske Lederskapsundersøkelsen 2015, en spørreundersøkelse blant dem som besitter topposisjonene i ti sektorer i det norske samfunnet, og sammenligner elitens holdninger med den øvrige norske befolkningen. Vi finner en betydelig holdningsavstand mellom elite og befolkning, men at innvandring er mer polariserende enn kjønnslikestilling. Funnene diskuteres i lys av nyere, komparativ forskning på populisme og en voksende motstand mot liberale og post-materielle verdier, samt litteratur om kjønnslikestilling som en ”nordisk verdi”.
Et forandret landskab for ældreomsorg
Authors: Dahl Hanne Marlene
Published: March 2022

Overalt i verden er ældreomsorg på den politiske dagsorden på grund af ændringer i demografi, fertilitet, kvinders stigende erhvervsdeltagelse og senest finanskrisen. Samtidig ændres de samfundsmæssige betingelser og styringen af ældreomsorg i det nordiske velfærdsregime gennem blandt andet professionalisering, senmodernitet, afkønsliggørelse og neoliberalisering. Hidtidig teori i form af feministisk omsorgsteori er utilstrækkelig til at forstå, hvad de nævnte forandringer gør ved ældreomsorgen, betingelserne for styring og forholdet mellem stat, svækkede ældre og de nære Andre. I kritisk dialog med – og udvidelse af – feministisk omsorgsteori argumenterer jeg for, at vi derfor nødvendigvis må supplere den med nye analytiske begreber fra filosofi og politologi såsom assemblage, relaterethed, logikker, flerniveaustyring og transnationale diskurser. De analytiske begreber introduceres, og deres relevans begrundes.
Självständighetstanken i Grönland – fiktion eller verklighet?
Authors: Ackrén Maria
Published: March 2022

Grönland har en politisk vilja att nå självständighet, då de flesta politiska partier är för självständighet. Självständighetstanken är inte ny, men den har blivit mer aktuell under senare decennier. De nationalistiska strömningarna startade redan under 1960-talet, då välutbildade grönlänningar i Danmark startade proteströrelser emot den danska statens sätt att hantera sin forna koloni. Artikeln kommer att se på den politiska dimensionen från starten av de nationalistiska strömningarna till våra dagar. Hur har den politiska dimensionen förändrats över tid? Vilka alternativ till fullständig självständighet finner vi i den grönländska debatten? Artikeln behandlar endast den politiska dimensionen och kommer därför inte in på ekonomiska förutsättningar eller eventuellt andra förhållanden.
Decision-making processes during EU presidencies
Authors: Nedergaard Peter , Friis Maja , Jensen Mads Dagnis
Published: March 2022

This article analyses governmental decision-making processes during presidencies of the European Union (EU) from the outset of the planning to the end of the evaluation of the concluded presidency. The Polish, Danish and Cypriot presidencies in the Trio of 2011-2012 are compared by applying a Most Different Systems Design. The three presidencies represent member states that differ in political, administrative and geographical terms. In spite of these differences, considerable similarities can also be traced between the countries in terms of how they handled the presidency, especially how civil servants adapted to the different phases. However, there are also variations concerning the degree of centralization versus decentralization of the whole process, the degree of autonomy of individual civil servants, the degree of political involvement in the presidency process, and the type of evaluation carried out after the EU presidency had taken place. The article is based on interviews with more than 80 civil servants involved in the presidency process from the three countries over a period of nearly four years.
Tillykke til Dansk Folkeparti!
Authors: Kosiara-Pedersen Karina
Published: March 2022

Pia Kjærsgaard og tre andre folketingsmedlemmer brød i 1995 med Fremskridtspartiet og dannede Dansk Folkeparti. Traditionelt partimedlemskab, offentlig partifinansiering og en høj grad af topstyring og partidisciplin karakteriserer partiorganisationen, mens Dansk Folkepartis politiske mærkesager er mindre immigration og integration, mere lov og orden, og velfærdschauvinisme. Deres første 25 år har været succesfulde. Vælgernes opbakning til Dansk Folkeparti har påvirket regeringsdannelser og den førte politik, specielt på immigrations- og integrationsområdet. Selvom partiet har forsøgt at organisere sig og agere som et etableret parti, gik de ikke i regering, selvom de efter folketingsvalget i 2015 blev det største borgerlige parti. I 2019 faldt vælgernes opbakning, og den har siden folketingsvalget 5. juni 2019 ligget under, hvad partiet siden 2001 har opnået ved valgene.
Blokpolitik og nye politiske emner. Hvordan går det med samarbejdsmønstrene i Folketinget?
Authors: Green-Pedersen Christoffer , Skjæveland Asbjørn
Published: March 2022

Artiklen diskuterer indledningsvis udviklingen i graden af blokpolitik fra 1973 og frem til i dag, hvorefter den undersøger, i hvilket omfang lovgivningsarbejdet nu er præget af ny- og gammelpolitik. Hvor forskelligt placerer partierne sig i lovafstemningerne på de to områder? Er der forskel på graden af blokpolitik på ny- og gammelpolitik? Artiklen undersøger årene 2007-2017 og viser, at der ikke er kommet rod i blokkene. Ingen partier har på nogen af områderne flyttet sig ind mellem partier i den anden blok på hverken ny- eller gammelpolitik, men et endimensionalt perspektiv er udfordret – til tider væsentligt udfordret – af forskellige partiplaceringer på de to områder inden for blokkene. En analyse af graden af blokpolitik på ny- og gammelpolitik viser endvidere, at der ikke er væsentlig forskel på graden af blokpolitik på de to områder.
Brexit, erhvervsinteresser og irsk grænsepolitik
Authors: Roederer-Rynning Christilla , Nibe Anna Vlasiuk , Frandsen Steen Bo
Published: March 2022

Hvorfor brød det mangeårige nære forhold mellem virksomheder og politik sammen midt i en af de værste kriser og mest følsomme erhvervspolitiske beslutningsprocesser i det moderne Storbritanniens historie? Artiklen udforsker dette spørgsmål i lyset af irsk grænsepolitik. Den irske grænse er interessant, fordi den illustrerer, hvordan en lang række aktører, fra staten såvel som fra erhvervslivet, fravalgte strategier, som man ville formode måtte tjene deres økonomiske og politiske interesser. Et svar kræver, at man placerer spørgsmål om politisk konkurrence centralt i analysen og undersøger implikationerne for, hvorledes virksomheder og erhvervsliv forfølger deres interesser. Primært baseret på data fra en række irske erhvervsorganisationer undersøger vi, hvordan udkrystalliseringen af regionale erhvervsinteresser er præget af høj konkurrence og divergerende adgang til politiske aktører både nord og syd for grænsen. Vores analyse anvender den spirende litteratur om social konstruktion af erhvervsinteresser.
Samskabt styring: potentialer og udfordringer
Authors: Øllgaard Bentzen Tina
Published: March 2022

Samskabelse er kommet på dagsordenen som en strategi til at løse ikke blot komplekse samfundsproblemer, men også genstridige styringsproblemer i den offentlige sektor. I denne artikel udvikles en teoretisk ramme for samskabt styring, som bruges som afsæt til at analysere potentialer og udfordringer ved at samskabe et pædagogisk tilsynskoncept i Roskilde Kommune. Resultaterne viser, at samskabt styring bidrager til ejerskab til og motivation for at arbejde med tilsynet samt til en oplevelse af, at tilsynet understøtter kvaliteten og effektiviteten i opgaveløsningen. Derudover styrker processen samarbejdskulturen i organisationen. Resultaterne viser dog også, at samskabt styring kræver ressourcer, omfattende facililtering, opbakning i ledelseskæden og kan skabe ledelsesdilemmaer og bekymringer om ansvarlighed, når magten deles. Derudover kan risikoen for dekobling af relevante aktører opstå i højkomplekse samskabelsesprocesser.
Traume, angst og skyld: gentagelsestvang i Danmarks militæraktivisme?
Authors: Mathiasen Jan Werner
Published: March 2022

Hårde militære bidrag til internationale operationer har efter 9/11 været Danmarks foretrukne sikkerhedspolitiske virkemiddel. Militæraktivismen ligner derigennem et selvreferentielt identitetsprojekt, der defineres af nationaltraumet i 1864 og domineres af forsvarsmekanismer mod angst og skyld. Angst relateret til Danmarks nærdødsoplevelser og skyld over ikke i fortiden at have handlet politisk derefter. I forlængelse af 9/11 træder besættelsen og fodnoteperioden derfor frem som kraftige identitetsmarkører, der driver og forstærker Danmarks militære engagement. Militæraktivismen føres og videreføres herefter uden væsentlig sikkerhedspolitisk afvejning af fordele og ulemper ved de konkrete militære bidrag. Dette skyldes, at Danmark gennem gentagelsen oplever at sikre den historiske overlevelse i 1864, 1940 og i den Kolde Krig som sin egen.
Models of structural design in Danish local government
Authors: Klaudi Klausen Kurt
Published: March 2022

Danish local governments are using a multitude of governance paradigms, primarily NPM and NPG. It is argued that governance takes the form of packages of design and steering mechanisms that materialize in various models such as the classic bureaucratic organization, the business model, and the corporate model of local government. The historical development of successive packages is explained as attempts to achieve strategic design fit and as isomorphic processes of symbolic adapting. Managers have to be capable of decoding the mix of paradigms, live with the ambiguities and inconsistencies and adapt via strategic maneuvering in order to create meaning and legitimacy.
Faglig ledelse i offentlige organisationer: et multilevel studie af relevans og forudsætninger blandt afdelingssygeplejersker og sygeplejersker
Authors: Lund Clara Siboni
Published: March 2022

Faglig ledelse handler om at facilitere en fælles forståelse af faglig kvalitet i en organisatorisk enhed og forsøge at indfri denne i opgaveløsningen. Det indebærer bestræbelser på at skabe overensstemmelse mellem organisatoriske målsætninger og professionelle normer, udvikle faglig viden og aktivere professionelle normer og faglig viden i opgaveløsningen. I et multilevel studie blandt sygeplejersker og deres ledere undersøger artiklen, hvordan faglig ledelse relaterer sig til en række relevante faktorer såsom ledelesspænd, lederidentitet og faglig kvalitet med det formål at præcisere vores forståelse af ”faglig ledelse” som ledelsesbegreb. Studiet viser, at afdelingssygeplejerskers selvangivne faglige ledelse er positivt relateret til deres medarbejderes vurdering af den faglige kvalitet. Afdelingssygeplejerskernes ledelsesspænd, opfattelse af ledelsesspændet og lederidentitet er desuden relateret til sygeplejerskernes oplevelse af afdelingssygeplejerskernes udøvelse af faglig ledelse. Resultaterne indikerer, at faglig ledelse er relevant i offentlige organisationer, og at både organisatoriske vilkår og lederkarakteristika kan have betydning for, om medarbejderne oplever, at deres ledere udøver faglig ledelse.
Organizational resilience: What public managers do to ensure continued goal attainment during drastic changes
Authors: Lund Clara Siboni , Hvilsted Line , Salomonsen Heidi Houlberg , Andersen Lotte Bøgh
Published: March 2022

Public organizations must keep attaining their goals during changes, and the concept of organizational resilience describes this ability. The article examines public managers’ leadership behaviors focused on promoting organizational resilience during drastic changes. Based on 24 interviews with public managers and professionals who worked with public health and elderly care during the Covid-19 pandemic, we shed light on four leadership behaviors aimed at ensuring organizational resilience: setting direction, supporting relations, facilitating reflections, and clarifying the rules of the game. We find that public managers particularly set direction by balancing opposing considerations in the daily work, and that their support of relations includes both employees and citizens. The managers facilitate opportunities to reflect differently with variation in whether they initiate and/or participate in the reflection process themselves. The rules of the game are changed toward either leader-centrism or self-governance (away from decision-making with both leader and employee participation). The four types of leadership behaviors are interrelated and interact with established types of leadership behaviors.
Antimicrobial properties of wound dressings
Authors:   , Freeman-Parry Louise Ellen
Published: March 2022

Wound infections are a very common healthcare problem and can lead to significant mortality and morbidity. In the UK there are four classes of antimicrobial dressings, honey, silver, iodine and biguanides, available to treat infected wounds. The evidence to support the efficacy of these materials is often scarce, as they are classed as medical devices and as such are not required to undertake the rigorous clinical evaluations expected for medicinal products. This research was designed to investigate the antimicrobial properties of wound dressings and to determine if bacterial wound pathogens are more susceptible to a particular class of antimicrobial wound dressing. The primary aim of the research was to develop a novel wound dressing which could deliver a controlled release of an antimicrobial agent over a sustained period of time. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of 20 antimicrobial dressings were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacteria commonly found in chronic wounds. Whilst most of the dressings demonstrated a degree of antimicrobial efficacy against all of the bacteria, their duration of antimicrobial action was limited. Only the silver dressings were shown to be effective for more than 48 hours. A new material was created by the addition of clay platelets to a composite containing polyvinyl alcohol [PVOH] and polyvinylpyrrolidine [PVP] containing 6wt% iodine. The material was effective against the test bacteria for at least 72 hours and was also able to eradicate in- vitro biofilms containing S. aureus and E. coli. The novel material formed a self-stratifying film and both sides of the material demonstrated different release characteristics. One side of the material was still effective against S. aureus after eight days continuous use. The new material has been shown to be significantly different to any of the commercial dressings tested. The unique two side release profile, absorbent wicking properties and the colour change indicator make this material different to any of the dressings currently available in the UK and provides a novel material for the treatment of infected wounds.
Somali Refugee Students In Canadian Schools: Postmigration Experiences
Authors: Ayoub Mohamad , Zhou George
Published: March 2022

This paper reports on the postmigration experiences of a group of Somali refugee students attending public schools in a southwestern city in Ontario, Canada. The findings were drawn from a qualitative study conducted to investigate the participants’ postmigration experiences. Data were collected through semi-structured, one-on-one interviews with six participants. Study participants faced many postmigration learning difficulties and socio-cultural challenges. The findings show the strengths of the participants related to resiliency and perseverance. Educators, administrators, peer students, and members of the school community could play a central role in supporting Somali refugee students after resettlement. This paper proposes strategies and approaches to support educators and the school community in their work with refugee students of Somali background and other cultural backgrounds.
A formação continuada de professores nas premissas da Ecoformação e suas implicações em uma escola
Authors: Reikawieski Sandra Bernadete Pinto , Simão Vera Lúcia , Tomio Daniela
Published: March 2022

Diante de questões sociais, ambientais, tecnológicas e econômicas provenientes de um mundo em constante transformação, como nesses tempos, faz-se necessário pensar uma escola que considere a humanização elemento indissociável da educação. Neste sentido, objetiva-se neste artigo compreender implicações de um percurso de formação continuada docente em uma escola no enfrentamento da pandemia, alinhado aos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da “Ecoformação” e com premissas de uma Educação para o século XXI. Para isso socializa-se um percurso de pesquisa/formação continuada que aconteceu em uma escola do campo multisseriada, da rede pública municipal de ensino de Massaranduba- SC, envolvendo seu coletivo de cinco professores. Os instrumentos utilizados para geração de dados foram questionário, entrevista e depoimento e para análise empregou-se o software MAXQDA com o recurso de nuvem de palavras, valendo-se do método de análise de conteúdo. O referencial teórico pauta-se em Moraes (2010; 2015; 2018), Morin (2000; 2004), Nicolescu (1999), Torre (1997; 2005; 2009; 2019), entre outros. Com as interpretações pode-se concluir que as principais implicações da formação de professores em serviço, alinhada aos fundamentos da Ecoformação e às premissas da Educação para o século XXI, no enfrentamento da pandemia, consistiram nas dimensões do olhar acolhedor, criatividade, resiliência, formação crítica, motivação, cooperação e quebra de paradigma, além de possibilidade de transformação, sensibilidade e conexão, essenciais para os desafios apresentados.
Contribuição da formação continuada na qualidade de vida de docentes da educação básica
Authors: Rocha Ricelli Endrigo Ruppel da , Blaszko Caroline Elizabel
Published: March 2022

Com as novas metas do Plano Nacional de Educação para 2024 os professores da Educação Básica devem continuar o seu processo de formação e manter o seu bem-estar no trabalho para atender as novas demandas do sistema educacional. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as contribuições da formação continuada na qualidade de vida dos professores da Educação Básica. Participaram da pesquisa 90 professores do Ensino Infantil, Fundamental e Médio, divididos em: Grupo Formação Continuada (GFC, n= 48) que participou do programa Formação-Ação em Escolas Criativas durante 2 anos; e Grupo Sem Formação Continuada (GSFC, n= 42). Foi avaliada a percepção da qualidade de vida nos domínios Físico, Psicológico, Relações Sociais e Meio Ambiente com o instrumento WHOQOL-bref. Os resultados mostraram que os escores nos domínios Físico (57,1), Psicológico (66,7), Relações Sociais (75,0) e Meio Ambiente (65,6) do Grupo Formação Continuada foram Rev. Diálogo Educ., Curitiba, v. 19, n. 61, p. 147-168, jan./mar. 2022significativamente maiores que os escores do Grupo Sem Formação Continuada nos domínios Físico (53,3), Psicológico (62,5), Relações Sociais (66,7) e Meio Ambiente (56,3) (p<0,05). A percepção da qualidade de vida geral do Grupo Formação Continuada (66,0) foi significativamente melhor que a do Grupo Sem Formação Continuada (59,0) (p<0,0001). Em conclusão, o programa de formação continuada contribuiu para a melhora da percepção da qualidade de vida dos professores, mostrando que este programa pautado na tríade complexidade-transdisciplinaridade-ecoformação refletiu no bem-estar individual, social e ambiental.
Effects of Conformity to Masculine Norms and Coping on Health Behaviors in Men With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Davis Bryan , Honomichl Ryan , Sullivan Amy B.
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

The role of conformity to masculine gender norms in health behaviors in men with multiple sclerosis (MS) has not received attention. This cross-sectional study explores these issues and their relationship to coping and health behaviors.

METHODS

Eighty-one men with MS completed the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46 and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire and provided demographic and clinical variables. These results were used to predict subscale scores of the Health Behavior Inventory-20 in multivariable regression models.

RESULTS

Models for the Preventive Self-care and Avoiding Anger and Stress subscales were successfully fit. For the former, respondents endorsing lower levels of masculine conformity related to Emotional Control and higher levels of Heterosexual Self-presentation predicted greater self-care, as did higher use of Positive Reappraisal as a coping strategy. For men reporting low levels of Positive Reappraisal as a coping strategy, increasing Heterosexual Self-presentation was associated with higher levels of self-care. For those with high levels of coping with Positive Reappraisals, increased Heterosexual Self-presentation was associated with modest declines in self-care. For the Avoiding Anger and Stress subscale score, men endorsing Violence or Heterosexual Self-presentation as important aspects of masculinity also reported less efforts in controlling stress and anger.

CONCLUSIONS

Masculinity adherence to traditional gender norms was a significant predictor of how men engaged in health behaviors and, in the case of Preventive Self-care, was found to interact with Positive Reappraisal as a coping strategy. Such information is novel and important to providers serving male patients with MS and can improve provider awareness/conceptualization of male patient needs.
Binding blockade between TLN1 and integrin β1 represses triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Yixiao , Sun Lisha , Li Haonan , Ai Liping , Ma Qingtian , Qiao Xinbo , Yang Jie , Zhang Hao , Ou Xunyan , Wang Yining , Chen Guanglei , Xue Jinqi , Zhu Xudong , Zhao Yu , Yang Yongliang , Liu Caigang
Published: March 2022

Background:

Integrin family are known as key gears in focal adhesion for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) metastasis. However, the integrin independent factor TLN1 remains vague in TNBC.

Methods:

Bioinformatics analysis was performed based on TCGA database and Shengjing Hospital cohort. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of TLN1 and integrin pathway in cells. A small-molecule C67399 was screened for blocking TLN1 and integrin β1 through a novel computational screening approach by targeting the protein-protein binding interface. Drug pharmacodynamics were determined through xenograft assay.

Results:

Upregulation of TLN1 in TNBC samples correlates with metastasis and worse prognosis. Silencing TLN1 in TNBC cells significantly attenuated the migration of tumour cells through interfering the dynamic formation of focal adhesion with integrin β1, thus regulating FAK-AKT signal pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. Targeting the binding between TLN1 and integrin β1 by C67399 could repress metastasis of TNBC.

Conclusions:

TLN1 overexpression contributes to TNBC metastasis and C67399 targeting TLN1 may hold promise for TNBC treatment.

Funding:

This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81872159, 81902607, 81874301), Liaoning Colleges Innovative Talent Support Program (Name: Cancer Stem Cell Origin and Biological Behaviour), Outstanding Scientific Fund of Shengjing Hospital (201803), and Outstanding Young Scholars of Liaoning Province (2019-YQ-10).
Structural basis of dynamic P5CS filaments
Authors: Zhong Jiale , Guo Chen-Jun , Zhou Xian , Chang Chia-Chun , Yin Boqi , Zhang Tianyi , Hu Huan-Huan , Lu Guang-Ming , Liu Ji-Long
Published: March 2022

The bifunctional enzyme Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) is vital to the synthesis of proline and ornithine, playing an essential role in human health and agriculture. Pathogenic mutations in the P5CS gene (ALDH18A1) lead to neurocutaneous syndrome and skin relaxation connective tissue disease in humans, and P5CS deficiency seriously damages the ability to resist adversity in plants. We have recently found that P5CS forms cytoophidia in vivo and filaments in vitro. However, it is difficult to appreciate the function of P5CS filamentation without precise structures. Using cryo-electron microscopy, here we solve the structures of Drosophila full-length P5CS in three states at resolution from 3.1 to 4.3 Å. We observe distinct ligand-binding states and conformational changes for the GK and GPR domains, respectively. Divergent helical filaments are assembled by P5CS tetramers and stabilized by multiple interfaces. Point mutations disturbing those interfaces prevent P5CS filamentation and greatly reduce the enzymatic activity. Our findings reveal that filamentation is crucial for the coordination between the GK and GPR domains, providing a structural basis for the catalytic function of P5CS filaments.
Geomorphically controlled coral distribution in degraded shallow reefs of the Western Caribbean
Authors: Medina-Valmaseda Alexis Enrique , Blanchon Paul , Alvarez-Filip Lorenzo , Pérez-Cervantes Esmeralda
Published: March 2022

The development of coral reefs results from the interaction between ecological and geological processes in space and time. Their difference in scale, however, makes it difficult to detect the impact of ecological changes on geological reef development. The decline of coral cover over the last 50 years, for example, has dramatically impaired the function of ecological processes on reefs. Yet given the limited-resolution of their Holocene record, it is uncertain how this will impact accretion and structural integrity over longer timescales. In addition, reports of this ecological decline have focused on intrinsic parameters such as coral cover and colony size at the expense of extrinsic ones such as geomorphic and environmental variables. Despite these problems, several attempts have been made to predict the long-term accretion status of reefs based entirely on the contemporary health status of benthic communities. Here we explore how this ecological decline is represented within the reef geomorphic structure, which represents the long-term expression of reef development. Using a detailed geomorphic zonation scheme, we analyze the distribution and biodiversity of reef-building corals in fringing-reef systems of the Mesoamerican Reef tract. We find a depth-related pattern in community structure which shows that the relative species distribution between geomorphic zones is statistically different. Despite these differences, contemporary coral assemblages in all zones are dominated by the same group of pioneer generalist species. These findings imply that first, coral species distribution is still controlled by extrinsic processes that generate the geomorphic zonation; second, that coral biodiversity still reflects species zonation patterns reported by early studies; and third that dominance of pioneer species implies that modern coral assemblages are in a prolonged post-disturbance adjustment stage. In conclusion, any accurate assessment of the future viability of reefs requires a consideration of the geomorphic context or risks miscalculating the impact of ecological changes on long-term reef development.
Probing Small and Medium Enterprise’ (SMEs) Uptake on Ecommerce in Camarines Sur, Philippines
Authors: Lirag Ma. Teresa B.
Published: March 2022

A study was conducted to identify the extent of use of ecommerce in the product promotion of SMEs, determine the factors affecting the ecommerce uptake of SMEs and recommend strategies to enhance product promotion through ecommerce in Camarines Sur, Philippines. Ninety-six SMEs were respondents in this study from the 5 districts in Camarines Sur, Philippines. Survey-questionnaire was prepared, key informant surveys and focused group discussion were conducted to gather first-hand data from respondents. Frequency, percentages and t-test were used to analyze the data. Results of the study showed that all respondents have access to the internet but only 4 have websites for the promotion of their products. About half have no definite plans of establishing their websites. However, 67 of the SMEs are already doing online business through social networking sites. T-test result showed that there is no significant difference in terms of ecommerce adoption between men and women with p(.43) > .05. Barriers in the uptake of ecommerce were identified such as lack of benefits accruing from the use of ecommerce, inadequate financial resources, lack of skill and technical capabilities and fear of losing their privacy. Recommendations include provisions of training and skills development to motivate entrepreneurs, presence of enabling policies and infrastructure that will enable widespread use of internet for SMEs and proactive awareness campaign to improve the flow of information to small firms on the benefits of electronic commerce. All these are necessary to enable our SMEs to shift to the ‘new’ economic era and platform.
Optimization of Extraction Process Based on Neural Network
Authors: Sun Jing , Chen Qiong
Published: March 2022

Liquid-liquid extraction is a chemical unit operation that utilizes the difference in solubility or distribution ratio of target components in two immiscible solvents to achieve separation, extraction or purification. There are many factors that affect the extraction efficiency, and it is difficult to quickly optimize the process using traditional methods. Artificial neural network is a system structure composed of multiple artificial neuron models, with functions such as self-learning, associative storage and fault tolerance. It can be used for optimization or control of multi-variable complex systems, and has been successfully applied to the extraction process of various products. optimization. This paper discusses the basic situation of artificial neural network, and analyzes the research progress of extraction process optimization based on neural network.
Impact of Football Betting on Study Habit of Senior Secondary School Students in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Francisca Chigbu Eberechukwu , Nnadi Grace Chinyere , Edna Nkechi Ofojebe , Azuka Akuezuilo Juliana
Published: March 2022

The study aims at examining the impact of football betting on study habit among senior secondary school students in Enugu state. The essence for the study came as a result of decline in education sector due to poor study habit among secondary school students in Enugu State. The study was guided by three research questions. The study adopted qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. From the population of 6,565 senior secondary school students in the 10 senior secondary schools in Enugu East Senatorial Zone of Enugu State, the sample of 180 students were selected through simple random sampling technique. The instrument used for data collection was a close-ended questionnaire with 15 items developed from four research questions. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation on SPSS version 26. Five recommendations were made among which is that Nigeria Lottery Commission should enforce and regulate strict monitoring towards the establishment of betting centers in correspondence to the laws stipulated.
Performance Analysis and Evaluation of Quantitative Real Time PCR for Diagnosis of Scrub Typhus in North-East India
Authors: Paul Diptanu , Lyngdoh W. Valarie , Barman Himesh , Lyngdoh Clarissa Jane , Lynrah Kryshanlang , Durairaj Elantamilan
Published: March 2022

Aims: Scrub typhus is a life-threatening infectious disease and always creating a diagnostic dilemma in terms of rapid turnaround time and accuracy, qRT PCR can become a very good option to achieve the desired result. This study was performed to evaluate the performance of qRT PCR in comparison to commonly used IgM ELISA and Weil-Felix tests to diagnose scrub typhus, in North-East India.

Study Design: This was a hospital based prospective study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, of a tertiary care centre of North-East India over a period of 1 year (June 2019– May 2020). Methodology: Samples from suspected scrub typhus cases were screened by Weil-Felix test, followed by IgM ELISA for the confirmation of diagnosis. All the IgM positive samples and 20 highly suspected but ELISA negative samples were subjected to qRT PCR.

Results: Out of 54 samples tested, 24 IgM ELISA positive samples and three IgM ELISA negative samples have shown the presence of bacterial DNA with quantification of DNA copies. It has also been observed that 21 out of 27 PCR positive samples (77.8%) were detected within the first seven days of illness.

Conclusion: The performance of the commercial qRT PCR kit used in our study is satisfactory, which provides the extra advantage of quantification of DNA copies and increases diagnostic accuracy within the first week of fever.
Numerical Assessment of the Impact of Sand Control Techniques on Production in a Vertical Well
Authors: Aribisala Ayodeji Adewale , Wopara Fidelis , Ehirim Emmanuel
Published: March 2022

This study considers a vertical well producing initially without sand control technique in sandstone reservoir in the Niger Delta region. The study uses the data and information of two wells and applied PROSPER to numerically quantify the impact of the extra flow restriction caused by the gravel pack and slotted liner systems respectively. Well model was constructed and several simulations runs performed on key influencing production parameters (production rates, superficial velocities, skin development, pressure losses) and sand control design variables (gravel pack length, gravel pack permeability, slot height and slot width). The study involved two different sand control for two wells (Well X1 and Well X2) which were similarly completed and subjected to the same reservoir and operational conditions. The influence of sand control parameters on the vertical lift performance and inflow performance characteristics of the wells were analyzed at varying first node pressure (500psig – 1400psig). The solution node was set at bottom hole to enable proper diagnosis of the influence of the sand control options on the VLP/IPR relationships. At base case scenario, the gravel pack oil and gas production rates were 8010.0STB/day (ORAT) and 6.008MSCF/day (GRAT) at a flowing bottomhole pressure of 4231.38Psig while the slotted liner was 8010.0STB/day (ORAT) and 6.008MSCF/day (GRAT) at a flowing bottomhole pressure of 4231.38Psig at a flowing bottomhole pressure of 4231.38Psig of 3902.46Psig. The resulting skin due to sand control were 0.0070375 and 0.18 respectively. Result shows that Slotted Liners provides better sand control than gravel packs but causes more pressure drop in the system due to sand control method. Furthermore, Gravel pack permeability and length and slot dimensions have most remarkable influence on the pressure drop due to sand control and can play a crucial role in the choice and design of any gravel pack system and slotted liners respectively. It’s advisable or better that Gravel pack permeability should not exceed 500000md for optimal performance as a sand control device. The work recommends the use of higher slot width to slot height for more efficient production using slotted liners while smaller gravel permeability could be preferred for better sand control with gravel pack systems.