bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Burden of Non-Infectious Organ-Specific Immunopathology in Pediatric Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Authors: Szczawińska-Popłonyk Aleksandra , Bekalarska Julia , Jęch Kacper , Knobloch Nadia , Łukasik Oliwia , Ossowska Aleksandra , Ruducha Jędrzej , Wysocka Zuzanna
Published: January 2025

The pediatric common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most frequent symptomatic antibody production defect characterized by infectious and non-infectious autoimmune, inflammatory, and lymphoproliferative complications. The background for CVID-related organ-specific immunopathology is associated with immune dysregulation and immunophenotypic biomarkers with expansion of CD21low B cells, and dysfunctional memory B cell, follicular T cell, and regulatory T cell compartments. The complexity of clinical phenotypes reflects the heterogeneity of genetic background for CVID, which is monogenic in a small proportion of affected children. Multiple systemic modulatory pathways are predominantly determined by variants in TACI (Transmembrane Activator and CAML Interactor) or TNFRSF13B gene (Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 13B) encoding for BAFF-R (B cell Activating Factor Receptor), CTLA-4 (Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen 4), LRBA (Lipopolysaccharide Responsive Beige-Like Anchor Protein), NFKB1 and NFKB2 (Nuclear Factor Kappa B 1 and 2) PIK3CD or PIK3R1 (Phosphatidylinositol-3 Kinase Catalytic Subunit Delta and Regulatory Subunit 1, respectively). The organ-specific immunopathology encompasses a spectrum of disorders associated with immune dysregulation, such as granulomatous interstitial lung disease, hepatocellular nodular regenerative hyperplasia, enteropathy, neuropathy, endocrinopathies, and dermatoses. The use of biological agents offering personalized targeted therapies opens a new curative perspective for patients with genetically defined CVID.
Three-Dimensional Ordering of Nematic Liquid Crystals with Azimuth and Tilt Controlled by Patterned Photoalignment and Selective Polymer Stabilization
Authors: Kajkowska Marta , Chychłowski Miłosz Sławomir , Ptaszek Michał , Ertman Sławomir
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we present a novel approach for advanced, three-dimensional patterned ordering of nematic liquid crystals. Our method allows for simultaneous control of azimuth and tilt of molecules by using a two-step process based on patterned photoalignment (used to define azimuth) followed by selective polymer stabilization of molecules reorientated with an electric field (used to define tilt). We demonstrate that those two subsequent processes, realized with high-resolution patterned illumination with UV light, allow us to obtain multiple microdomains with independently controlled tilt and azimuth. It opens possibilities to create complex three-dimensional distributions of director within a single liquid crystal cell, not possible with any other technique so far. Moreover, although the polymer-stabilization process is used, it is still possible to retune tilt of the molecules, however, the electric field intensity needed for tuning is slightly higher than in the non-polymerized areas of the sample.
Biomechanical Evaluation of the Sheep Common Peroneal Nerve After Crush Injury
Authors: Alvites Rui , Lopes Bruna , Sousa Ana Catarina , Pinheiro Fábio , Silva Elisabete , Prada Justina , Varejão Artur , Maurício Ana Colette
Published: January 2025

Axonotmesis, a common peripheral nerve injury in humans and animals, leads to significant biomechanical and physiological consequences. The lack of a standardized crushing protocol for complex animal models limits research and therapeutic translations for humans and clinically relevant animal species. This study aimed to assess the impact of different crushing forces on the biomechanical behavior of the sheep common peroneal nerve and to establish a force for standardized in vivo protocols. Fourteen nerves of equal length were harvested, preserved, and their initial diameter measured. They were subjected to crushing forces of 0N, 80N, and 180N for one minute. Post-crushing, diameter, ultimate tensile strength, displacement at rupture, stress, strain, and stiffness were evaluated. Results showed that increasing crushing forces significantly affected nerve biomechanical parameters. Nerves crushed with 180N displayed lower tensile strength, displacement, and stiffness, but higher stress and strain, indicating greater physical damage and structural degradation. These findings suggest that 180N induces substantial nerve fiber rupture and disruption of nerve trunk support elements, making it a candidate force for an axonotmesis protocol in the ovine model. Future in vivo studies should validate its effectiveness in creating complete crush injuries with functional and histological consequences, facilitating protocol standardization and translational research.
Neuregulin-Induced HER3 Activation Drives Migration in Head and Neck Cancer via HER2 and FAK Signaling Pathways
Authors: Lim Eun Jin , Yoon Yu Jeong , Heo Jeonghoon , Kim Seongwon , Choi Yung-Hyun , Kim Young-Ho
Published: January 2025

Perineural invasion is a hallmark of aggressive head and neck cancer (HNC), often driven by interactions between tumor cells and surrounding nerves. Here, we investigate the role of neuregulin (NRG) signaling in promoting HNC cell migration through the activation of HER3-dependent pathways. Using Matrigel dorsal root ganglion (DRG) co-culture assays, we demonstrated that NRG secretion from active DRG promotes directional migration of FaDu and TU138 HNC cells, mediated by HER3/HER2 and HER3/PI3K interactions. Inhibition of HER3 using shRNA or the HER3-specific antibody AV-203 abolished HER3 phosphorylation, disrupted HER3-HER2 interactions, and suppressed downstream signaling through Akt and ERK. Further, wound healing assays revealed that NRG enhances cell migration via HER3 activation, with functional HER3 being critical for this effect. NRG stimulation also induced HER3-dependent phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a key regulator of cell migration. Knockdown of FAK or pharmacological inhibition using PF228 significantly impaired NRG-driven migration, underscoring the importance of HER3-FAK signaling. These findings establish that NRG promotes HNC cell migration by activating HER3, forming HER3-HER2 and HER3-FAK complexes, and driving downstream signaling through Akt, ERK, and FAK pathways. Targeting the NRG/HER3 axis represents a promising therapeutic strategy to mitigate perineural invasion and its associated clinical challenges in head and neck cancer.
Electrochemical Corrosion Properties and Protective Performance of Coatings Electrodeposited from Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Electrolytes: A Review
Authors: Protsenko Vyacheslav S.
Published: January 2025

The application of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as an innovative class of ionic liquids represents a significant advancement in materials science, especially for the development and enhancement of structural materials. Among the promising applications, DESs are particularly attractive for the electrodeposition of corrosion-resistant coatings. It is established that corrosion-resistant and protective coatings, including those based on metals, alloys, and composite materials, can be synthesized using both traditional aqueous electrolytes and non-aqueous systems, such as organic solvents and ionic liquids. The integration of DESs in electroplating introduces a unique capacity for precise control over microstructure, chemical composition, and morphology, thereby improving the electrochemical corrosion resistance and protective performance of coatings. This review focuses on the electrodeposition of corrosion-resistant and protective coatings from DES-based electrolytes, emphasizing their environmental, technological, and economic benefits relative to traditional aqueous and organic solvent systems. Detailed descriptions are provided for the electrodeposition processes of coatings based on zinc, nickel, and chromium from DES-based baths. The corrosion-electrochemical behavior and protective characteristics of the resulting coatings are thoroughly analyzed, highlighting the potential and future directions for developing anti-corrosion and protective coatings using DES-assisted electroplating techniques.
The Effects of Group Sandplay Therapy (GST) on Child Victims of Cyberbullying: Focusing on Internalizing and Externalizing Problems
Authors: Kim Hyun-A , Lee Myeong-Bok , Lee Youngil , Lee Chang Min , Kim Dohyun , Kim Minsun , Lee Young Lim , Lim Myung Ho
Published: January 2025

Objective: Cyberbullying among children and adolescents is a serious and increasingly prevalent issue worldwide. Victims often experience various emotional issues such as depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts, as well as disruptive and impulsive behavioral problems. Therefore, effective therapeutic interventions and social support are essential. This study investigated the effects of group sandplay therapy (GST) on children who have been victims of cyberbullying.
Method: This study was designed as a non-randomized controlled trial with an intervention group and a control group. The participants included 127 children aged 11 to 12 years old who had experienced cyberbullying, with 64 participants in the GST intervention group and 63 participants in a matched control group based on gender and age. The intervention group participated in 10 GST sessions, each lasting 40 minutes, held once a week in groups of three or four. The control group received no treatment. The Korean Youth Self Report (K-YSR) was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention.
Results:The results indicated that the GST intervention group experienced significant reductions in anxiety/depression (F = 7.09, p = .009, η² = .057), somatic symptoms (F = 10.02, p = .002, η² = .079), and aggressive behavior (F = 3.94, p = .049, η² = .033) on the K-YSR scale compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Thus, GST was found to be effective in alleviating negative emotions and aggressive behavior in children affected by cyberbullying.
Sky Runner Game
Authors: Amin Noor Ul , Mushtaq Mohsin , Algaafari Hatem Ahmed , Faisal Ghaleb Ahmed Abdullah , Rafeen Ariffin Islam , Habeb Waed Awad Al-Hamza
Published: January 2025

The Sky Runner project is a Java-based game aimed at providing users with an exciting and realistic driving experience in futuristic Dubai in the year 2077. This game amalgamates the concepts of object-oriented programming, intuitive UI, media handling, and innovative game mechanics. This endless runner game involves the player controlling a flying car through obstacles and collecting points, which translate into coins that can be utilized in-game. It is a game similar to Google Chrome's Dinosaur Game, but its simplicity and relaxation factor make Sky Runner stand out. The report describes the project's structure: data flow, OOP principles used, user interaction elements, and the technological architecture powering this futuristic gaming experience.
Highlighting the Role of Prenatally Administered Drugs in the Production of Dental Enamel Defects in Rats by Polarized Light Microscopy
Authors: Popescu Mihai , Bătăiosu Marilena , Petrescu Stelian-Mihai-Sever , Ionescu Mihaela , Văruț Marius Ciprian , Vlăduțu Diana , Dudan Tiberius-Cătălin , Chiriac Adina-Monica , Fiera (Maglaviceanu) Camelia , Mercuț Veronica
Published: January 2025

The etiopathogenesis of developmental defects of dental enamel (DDE) is incompletely elucidated, factors acting pre- and postnatally are considered. Amoxicillin and cefaclor are mentioned among the drugs administered in various conditions, with a role in the development of DDE. The objective of the present study was to reproduce DDE in the la-boratory, in rats by administering amoxicillin, ibuprofen and cefaclor. These lesions were subsequently diagnosed using polarized light microscopy. The study was conducted on Wistar rats, which were given prenatally drugs possibly involved in the production of DDE. After macroscopic examination and identification of enamel defects, optical and polarized light microscopy examination was performed. Centralizing the data obtained after this study, it resulted that the group to which cefaclor was administered was the most affected, followed by the group to which amoxicillin was administered in a double dose, the group to which ibuprofen was administered, the group to which amoxicillin was administered in a standard dose and the control group. Following this research, it was concluded that DDE in the form of demineralization were more frequently recorded in the cefaclor and ibuprofen groups, while DDE in the form of hypoplasia were more frequently recorded in the double-dose and standard-dose amoxicillin groups.
Evidences of the Influence of Particle Size on the Incidence of Micro-Fractures in Blast-Conditioned Rock
Authors: Seccatore Jacopo , Flores Sebastian , Oliden Jose , Pozo Guillermo , Marin Tatiane
Published: January 2025

In the mining industry the most energy/demanding activity is particle size reduction, i.e. comminution. Blasting is the first stage of comminution. It has been experimentally and by field observation demonstrated that blasting produces two effects on rock: i) it produces macroscopic fracturing, fragmentation; ii) it generates microscopic fracturing, a series of microfractures that weaken the rock, reducing the specific Work Index, therefore making it less resistant to crushing and milling. The present work is aimed to verify the following hypothesis: do smaller particles, having been macroscopically more affected by blasting, also possess a higher degree of microfractures, therefore being less resistant to grinding? To verify this hypothesis we analyzed blasted rock under three test dominions: macroscopic testing via point loading, laboratory grinding testing via Bond’s mill to determine the blasted Work Index and microscopic optical observation of microfractures. The results show that macroscopic testing cannot appreciate microscopic weakening (no correlation between point load results and particle size). On the other hand, laboratory ball mill and microscopic optical observation results show a direct correlation between particle size and internal weakening of particles. The results are evidence, albeit very preliminary, that the Work Index might not be a constant within a given volume of blasted rock, and it could be a function of particle size distribution.
The Role of Psychological Flexibility in Coping with War Trauma. On the Example of Ukrainian Citizens
Authors: Senejko Alicja , Gurba Ewa , Franc Tomasz , Oleś Piotr , Folusz Marzena , Goodwin Robin
Published: January 2025

Introduction: It is important to identify psychological resources involved in coping with threats. Such a resource is psychological flexibility. We analyze it not as a separate resource but rather as an aspect contained within other resources. The resources we used in research were: 1 identity styles, characterized by rational (flexible) and/or intuitive information processing and by various motivational components (collective/ social or personal); 2/ developmental dimension of psychological defense, with a predominance of task-oriented activities compared to emotion regulation-oriented activities. The aim of our research was to check relationship between subjective resources and ways of coping in the form of Post-traumatic stress disorder or Post-traumatic growth. Participants and methods: The study was conducted with the participation of n = 457 war refugees from Ukraine and Ukrainians remaining in the country; women (76.6%), men (23.4%), age M = 24.12; SD = 12.79. The study used: PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, PCL-5, as developed by Weathers et al. (2013), The Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory by Tedeschi and Calhoun (1996); Revised Identity Style Inventory, developed by Berzonsky et al., 2013 and The Psycho-Social and Psychic Defenses Questionnaire, developed by Senejko (2019).Results: Developmental dimension of psychological defense was a positive predictor of Post-traumatic growth and a negative predictor of Post-traumatic stress disorder. Informational and Diffuse-Avoidant identity styles were positive predictors of Post-traumatic stress disorder; Normative style was a positive predictor of Post-traumatic growth, while Informational style was negative predictor of it. Conclusions: Different mechanisms underlie reactions to Post-traumatic stress disorder and Post-traumatic growth: rational, flexible processes support Post-traumatic growth and weaken Post-traumatic stress disorder; intuitive processes intensify Post-traumatic stress disorder; structural, motivational aspects affect Post-traumatic growth.
Chondrocyte Secretion of NO, ROS, GAG and PGE2 in Surface and Middle Porcine Articular Cartilage Is Altered by Aqueous Seed Extract of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Vedc.)
Authors: Dogee Godfred K. , Dakora Felix D. , Motaung Shirley K.
Published: January 2025

In Africa, Bambara groundnut (BG) (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) is used both as a food legume and a medicinal plant. Traditional healers used the seeds of Bambara groundnut for treating diarrhoea, impotency, colon cancer, nausea, vomiting, malignancies, and inflammations caused by osteoarthritis. In humans, the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), plays a major role in the aetiology of osteoarthritis as it induces the release of catabolic factors that contribute to cartilage degradation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of lyophilised aqueous extract of BG on porcine articular chondrocytes, following cell stimulation with proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β (10 ng/ml) and addition of different concentrations of BG aqueous seed extract (12.5, 50 and 200 µg/ml) or quercetin (12.5, 50 and 200 µg/ml) as antioxidant. Measurement of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prostaglandins (PGE2) using ELISA, fluorescent probe 2´-7´-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) and Griess reagent respectively showed that BG extract decreased the stable free radical DPPH in both the middle zone and surface zone chondrocyte cells, and inhibited the IL-1β-induced production of NO and ROS, which have harmful effects on porcine articular chondrocytes. However, the level of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) rose relative to the pure IL-1β treatment 72 h after the addition of BG crude extract or quercetin. These results suggest that BG crude extract has chondroprotective effect which can safeguard cells against inflammation during osteoarthritis and other inflammatory disorders.
Regulating Working Hours in the Transition to Flexible Work
Authors: Lutsenko Olena , Getman Anatolii P. , Tkachenko Vladyslav S. , Nazymko Ehor S.
Published: January 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global shift toward remote and hybrid work, significantly transforming traditional work models. This study examines how these changes have impacted the structure of working hours and analyzes the adjustments made to Ukrainian legislation to address the new realities. It also explores strategies for improving Ukraine’s legal framework to foster better work-life balance and employee productivity. The research employs a combination of methods: analysis to evaluate changes in work schedules, synthesis to integrate various elements, induction to draw general conclusions, deduction to apply theories in practice, and abstraction to highlight core traits. Additionally, the study uses generalization to form broader statements. Findings indicate that the global move to flexible work has posed challenges to conventional working time regulations, necessitating new policies that protect workers' rights while balancing flexibility and fairness. With the increasing prevalence of remote and flexible work arrangements, legislative reforms are essential to ensure equitable and fair working hours for all. The findings offer recommendations for reforming Ukraine’s labor laws, aligning them with global trends, and advancing education in labor law and social security disciplines.
La España audiovisual: reflexiones desde el cine y las series
Authors: Rosich Argelich Ricard , Crusells Valeta Magí , Rodríguez López Rafael Ángel
Published: January 2025

Las contribuciones del monográfico, "La España audiovisual: reflexiones desde el cine y las series", exploran cómo el cine y las series españolas reflejan la evolución histórica, social y política del país. A través de un enfoque transdisciplinar, se analizan obras desde el NO-DO hasta el Streaming Noir, mostrando cómo estas producciones contribuyen a la memoria colectiva y se adaptan a las audiencias globales. Este monográfico destaca la riqueza estética y narrativa de las obras españolas, fomentando así reflexiones sobre dilemas contemporáneos y su impacto cultural.
Percepciones de las madres asociadas a una efectiva práctica de vacunación contra COVID-19 en lactantes menores en establecimientos de salud al sur de Lima-2023
Authors:   , Javier Ramos Helen , Rojas Ponce Rensa Ysabel
Published: January 2025

Introducción. La vacunación pediátrica contra COVID-19 ha demostrado una elevada efectividad, previniendo las formas graves y la muerte. Objetivo. Analizar las percepciones de las madres asociadas a una práctica efectiva de vacunación contra COVID-19 en lactantes. Métodos. Estudio observacional, analítico, transversal, realizado en 257 madres de lactantes atendidos en establecimientos de salud al sur de Lima. Se realizó una encuesta a las madres y se obtuvo datos de vacunación de los lactantes del Sistema de información de atención en consulta ambulatoria. Resultados. 21,8% de madres tuvieron prácticas efectivas de vacunación contra COVID-19, 8,2% cumplió la primera dosis y 70% ninguna dosis. Las percepciones asociadas a menor posibilidad de efectiva práctica de vacunación fueron: desarrollo de enfermedad grave (ORa 0.20; IC 95%: 0.80-0.92; p<0.001) y posibilidad de fallecer si se enferma el lactante (ORa 0.81; IC 95%: 0.24-0.78; p=0.02); percibir como probable o desconocer sobre: i) la seguridad de la vacuna (ORa 0.55; IC 95%: 0.17-0.40; p= 0.05), ii) desarrollo de complicaciones severas por la vacuna (ORa 0.29; IC 95%: 0.42-0.59; p=0.03) y iii) que la vacuna provoca COVID-19 (ORa 0.72; IC 95%: 0.56-0.74; p<0.001). Conclusión. Percepciones de las madres de la gravedad o muerte de sus hijos por COVID-19 y la incertidumbre o desconocimiento sobre aspectos de la seguridad de la vacuna se asociaron a menores prácticas efectivas de vacunación a sus hijos lactantes. Es necesario la adopción de estrategias de educación y comunicación a fin de reducir las creencias erróneas y dudas que interfieren con las prácticas de vacunación.
Determinación de la prevalencia de rotavirus A en diarreas de cuyes (Cavia porcellus) mejorados de sistema familiar-comercial en Cajabamba, 2023
Authors:   , Rios Barco Ariana Fabiola
Published: January 2025

El Rotavirus A es un virus de la familia Sedoreoviridae que se reproduce en los enterocitos del intestino delgado, provocando diarreas en humanos y animales, lo que le confiere relevancia zoonótica. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la presencia de Rotavirus A en cuyes con diarreas provenientes de sistemas de producción familiar-comercial en Cajabamba, Cajamarca. Las muestras se obtuvieron de diferentes granjas de la Cooperativa de Servicios Especiales – Redes de productores de cuyes del Crisnejas. Se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico considerando seleccionar aleatoriamente a 73 cuyes con diarreas, correspondiendo 37 en etapa de lactantes (19 hembras, 18 machos) y 36 en etapa de recría (18 hembras, 18 machos). Se realizaron necropsias y se tomaron las muestras mediante hisopado de la mucosa intestinal de la porción del duodeno, y se llevaron al laboratorio en un medio de transporte universal viral Universal transport medium (Copan, California, Estados Unidos). Se realizó la extracción de ARN usando el kit comercial Purelink viral RNA/DNA (Invitrogen,Waltham, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos), luego la retrotranscripción de ARN con el Kit Enzima transcriptasa reversa (Invitrogen,Waltham, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos) y finalmente se identificó el gen mediante PCR con el GoTaq® Green Master Mix (Promega, Wisconsin, Estados Unidos), En el procesamiento final, solo 28 de las muestras pudieron ser procesadas para identificar Rotavirus, de las cuales el 28.6% (8/28) fueron secuenciadas y dieron como resultado Rotavirus tipo A. El 75% (6/8) de estas, corresponden a la etapa de recría, donde se obtuvo 83% (5/6) y 17% (1/6) de positivos en hembras y machos, respectivamente. Por otro lado, en la etapa de lactantes, solo hubo un 25% (2/8) de positividad. Concluyendo que el Rotavirus tipo A es un posible agente de casos de patologías entéricas de cuyes.
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Novel Substance Use Prevention Intervention
Authors: Powell Terrinieka , Smith-Black Bianca , Taye Wubishet
Published: January 2025

Background
Youth exposed to household challenges are among the groups most vulnerable to early substance use. To address the needs of this group, this pilot study assessed the feasibility of participant recruitment and retention, as well as the acceptability of a novel substance use prevention intervention, Better Together, for Black youth exposed to household challenges.
Methods
Participants were recruited using school and community presentations, digital flyers, and referrals. Eighty-nine students from two schools were screened. Participant enrollment, session attendance, and assessment completion were used to determine feasibility. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected after each session; responses were used to assess intervention acceptability. Demographic and substance use data were collected at baseline, post-test, and one-month follow-up.
Results
Fifty-nine (96%) youth were eligible, returned their parental permission forms, and enrolled. Completion rates for assessments were above 90% for all three assessments. Nearly 90% of participants attended at least five sessions; the average attendance was 6.5 sessions across conditions. Session feedback forms showed that most students were happy after each session (61%-85%). Qualitative feedback suggests that students were engaged in discussing the key messages using their own words. There were no significant changes in substance use knowledge or intentions over time or by condition. However, there was a small yet significant increase in substance use behaviors over time.
Conclusions
Better Together may be a promising intervention to prevent substance use among Black youth exposed to household challenges. Findings suggest that recruiting, retaining, and engaging participants in the eight-session intervention is possible. Findings will inform plans to implement a full-scale study to evaluate the efficacy and contextual factors that impact effective program implementation.
Trial registration:
Clinicaltrials.gov: [ID BLINDED FOR REVIEW]. Registered [DATE BLINDED FOR REVIEW] - Retrospectively registered, [LINK BLINDED FOR REVIEW]
Assessing Conformation Validity and Rationality of Deep Learning-Generated 3D Molecules
Authors: Huang Bo , Fan Fan , Xi Bin , Meng Xianghu , Wang Han , Zhang Bowen , Xu Qingbo , Feng Wei , Wang Xiaoman , Zhang Hongbo , Zhou Feng , Liu Zhenming , Zhou Wenbiao
Published: January 2025

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have revolutionized the field of 3D molecule generation. However, the lack of effective evaluation methods for 3D conformations limits further improvements. Current techniques, in order to achieve the necessary speed for evaluating large number of AI-generated molecules, often rely on empirical geometric metrics that do not adequately capture various conformational anomalies, or on molecular mechanics (MM) energy metrics that exhibit low accuracy and lack atomic or torsional details. To address this gap, we propose a two-stage approach that achieves both high speed and quantum mechanical (QM) level accuracy. The first stage, termed the validity test, employs an AI-derived force field to identify atoms with elevated energy resulting from implausible neighboring environments. The second stage, known as the rationality test, utilizes a deep learning network trained on data with density functional theory (DFT) accuracy to detect rotatable bonds with high torsional energies. To demonstrate the functionality of our evaluation system, we applied our approach to five recently reported 3D molecule generation AI models across 102 targets in Directory of Useful Decoys-Enhanced (DUD-E) dataset. To facilitate accessibility for the academic community, our method is available as an open-source package.
Central Recruitment mechanism of Itch and Pain Through the Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus in a Pathway- and Intensity-Dependent Manner
Authors: Li Yun-Qing , Li Jia-Ni , Zhao Liu-Jie , Wu Xue-Mei , Wu Feng-Ling , Sun Han-Xue , Hong Jie , Yan Kai-Li , Li Hui , Chen Tao , Dong Yu-Lin
Published: January 2025

The brain is capable of differentiating itch and pain sensations. However, how does the largely overlapped list of nuclei in itch- and pain-matrixes differentially respond to pruriceptive and nociceptive inputs remains unclear. The present study identified distinct recruitment of the central amygdala nucleus (CeA) and the insular cortex (IC), key nodes in both itch- and pain-matrixes, through a parabrachial nucleus (PBN)-paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) pathway that mitigates itch and heightens pain sensations in an intensity-dependent manner. The PVT was divided into discrete functional neuronal ensembles based on morphological, behavioral and electrophysiological evidence. Moreover, lower stimulus intensity was required in PBN-PVT-CeA pathway activation to simulate itch-suppressing effect and induce allodynia than the PBN-PVT-IC pathway. The current work has elucidated the PVT as an essential information sorting nucleus in the thalamus, which might provide a new framework for understanding central nuclei recruitment mechanism of itch and pain.
Polymorphism Analysis of GDF9 and BMP15 Genes and Their Association With Litter Size in Crossbreed Goats in Malaysia
Authors: Faris Armiyas Shibesh , Rodrigues Kenneth Francis , Zeshan Basit , Sarker Subir , Candyrine Su Chui Len , Rahman Mohammad Mijanur , Kalam Mohamad Asrol , Bhuiyan Md Safiul Alam
Published: January 2025

The goat industry plays a crucial role in Malaysia's economy, with breeds such as Katjang and Boer being the integral to mutton supply. However, achieving self-sufficiency in goat meat production is still challenging due to the insufficient local carcass supply. To address this issue, a crossbreeding program has been initiated to improve reproductive performance in local breeds. In mammals, there are BMP15 and GDF9 genes which are the components of TGF-β superfamily that are key regulators of ovulation and litter size. This study aimed to improve reproductive performance in crossbred goats from Katjang and Boer populations in Sabah, Malaysia, by analyzing genetic variations in the BMP15 and GDF9 genes. A total of sixty female cross-Katjang goats, with recorded litter size and parities were sampled. Five milliliters of blood were taken from the jugular vein using K2-EDTA tubes. Genetic analysis was performed using conventional PCR at Biotechnology Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, followed by sequencing at Apical Scientific, Malaysia. Four novel polymorphic loci were identified within the GDF9 gene: G320C, A352G, G366T, and G375T. All of these loci resulted in missense mutations, causing a change in amino acid sequences. Notably, the A352G and G375T loci showed significant associations with litter size, with the AG genotype at position 352 and the GG genotype at position 375 emerging as potential markers for selective breeding. However, the polymorphic information content (PIC)values indicated low genetic diversity (< 0.25) at these loci. Interestingly, no polymorphisms were detected in the BMP15 gene, suggesting a monomorphic state (wild-type genotype) in the Cross-Katjang goat population. This finding indicates that BMP15 may not play a significant role in litter size variation in this crossbreed, shifting the focus towards GDF9 as a more relevant genetic marker for enhancing reproductive traits. This study provides important insights into the genetic factors influencing reproductive traits in crossbred goats, with potential applications in marker-assisted selection to improve reproductive and productivity performance.
Angle-Tuned Gross-Neveu Quantum Criticality in Twisted Bilayer Graphene: A Quantum Monte Carlo Study
Authors: Huang Cheng , Parthenios Nikolaos , Ulybyshev Maksim , Zhang Xu , Assaad Fakher , Classen Laura , Meng Zi Yang
Published: January 2025

Twisted bilayber graphene (TBG) has revealed fascinating quantum many-body states, and unstrained chargeneutral TBG at 1.08° is understood, both experimentally and theoretically , as a correlated insulator due to the interplay of long-range Coulomb interactions and the quantum metrics of flat bands. However, the fate of the ground state as one continuously tunes the twisted angle is still largely unknown. Here, theoretically, by employing a newly developed momentum-space continuous-field quantum Monte Carlo method that can fully take into account the long-range Coulomb interactions and quantum metrics of flat bands with system sizes that were not possible before , we show that charge-neutral TBG realizes an angle-tuned quantum phase transition with Gross-Neveu criticality at Θc ~ 1.20(1)°, from the analyses of single-particle spectra, free energy and the order parameter of inter-valley coherence. This shows the exciting possibility that by tuning away from 1.08°, pristine TBG can mimic a fundamental phase transition of Dirac fermions.
Evaluation of Women’s Knowledge about Risk Factors and Early Detection of Breast Cancer among Women Working in Governmental Sector in Gaza Strip, Palestine
Authors: hassouna Eman suliman
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate women's knowledge about signs and symptoms, risk factors and early detection of breast cancer at governmental sector in Gaza Strip.
Materials &Methods:The study utilized a cross-sectional design. The sample included 253 women employed in the ministries in Gaza Strip. Data were collected through a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire.
Results: The results showed no significant association between knowledge about BC and age, marital status, and level of education. Participated women were able to recognize signs and symptoms of BC. They were knowledgeable about risk factors, screening and early detection, the factors that increase the possibility of BC, and measures to prevent development of BC.
Conclusion: The researcher expects that this study may help in increasing the attention about screening and early detection of BC in order to improve the outcome.
Large Language Models Enable Textual Interpretation of Image-Based Astronomical Transient Classifications
Authors: Stoppa Fiorenzo , Bulmus Turan , Bloemen Steven , Smartt Stephen , Groot Paul , Vreeswijk Paul , Smith Ken
Published: January 2025

Modern astronomical surveys deliver immense volumes of transient detections, yet distinguishing between real astrophysical signals (e.g., explosive events, variable stars) and bogus imaging artifacts remains challenging. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are effective for such real-bogus classification in optical imaging data; however, their reliance on latent representations makes it difficult to discern the underlying physical reasoning behind each classification. Here, we show that large language models (LLMs) achieve accuracy comparable to CNNs on three major optical transient survey datasets (Pan-STARRS, MeerLICHT, and ATLAS) while simultaneously providing direct, human-readable descriptions for every transient. Using only 15 examples and a concise set of instructions, Google's LLM, Gemini, achieves a 93\% average accuracy across these datasets which have quite diverse resolution and pixel scales. This is the first demonstration of a successful application of an LLM to imaging data from optical transient surveys and it eliminates the need for extensive and complex labeled sets. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a second LLM can evaluate the coherence of the first LLM classifications, thus guiding iterative improvements by indicating problematic examples. This opens up new possibilities: rather than laboriously training a network from scratch, one can simply define the desired output characteristics and rely on the LLM to deliver them. Furthermore, by generating textual descriptions of observed features, LLMs enable users to query classifications as if navigating an annotated catalog, rather than deciphering abstract latent spaces. As next-generation telescopes and surveys further increase data streams, LLM-based classification could help bridge the gap between automated detection and transparent, human-level understanding.
Diallel Analysis of Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines for Yield and Yield Components Under Acidic Soil Conditions in Western Ethiopia
Authors: Asfawu Fekadu , Azmach Girum , Matiwos Temesgen
Published: January 2025

Soil acidity, particularly due to aluminum toxicity, limits maize production in Western Ethiopia, emphasizing the need for acid-tolerant maize varieties. This study assessed the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of seven maize inbred lines, selected based on their aluminum tolerance identified through preliminary hydroponic screening. Using a half-diallel mating design (Griffing, Method 4, Model 1), 21 single cross hybrids were created from these inbred lines and evaluated under acid soil conditions in Migna Kersa Kebele, Leka Dulecha district, East Wollega Zone, Oromia, during the 2023 cropping season. Significant genotype variation (P < 0.05) was observed across most traits, indicating their suitability for breeding. Both GCA and SCA effects were significant (P < 0.05), reflecting the role of both additive and non-additive gene actions in trait inheritance. Inbred lines VL144091, VL153179, and VL144011 showed positive and significant GCA effects for grain yield, indicating their potential as valuable contributors to acid soil tolerance. Specific hybrid combinations, including VL144091 x VL153179 and VL144091 x VL144011, demonstrated positive SCA effects for grain yield. These findings offer valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms of acid soil tolerance in maize, aiding in the selection of parental lines and hybrids for developing resilient maize varieties.
Leveraging Domain Motif Assembler for Multi-objective, Multi-domain and Explainable Molecular Design
Authors: Tian Yonghong , Chen Zijun , Wang Yu , Lv Liuzhenghao , Li Hao , Lin Zongying , Yuan Li
Published: January 2025

Designing molecules to meet multiple objectives simultaneously is a significant challenge, rooted in the inherent complexity of structure-property relationships and the limited availability of labeled molecular data. Compounding this difficulty, the black-box nature of deep learning models hampers interpretability, undermining confidence in their applications and restricting broader industrial adoption. To address these limitations, we introduce Domain Motif Assembler (DM-Assembler), a novel framework that employs a score-based matching model to guide the selection and assembly of molecular motifs. DM-Assembler excels in generating high-performance molecules that satisfy multi-objective constraints across various domains, drastically reducing the combinatorial complexity of chemical space by leveraging domain motifs and diffusion models on discrete fragment representations. Comprehensive experimental evaluations reveal three distinct advantages of DM-Assembler. First, it delivers exceptional performance in designing molecules with optimized composite metrics, achieving an average improvement of approximately 56\% across four benchmark domains, while extending beyond the property boundaries of its training data. Second, it generates molecular distributions that closely match domain-specific datasets, recording the lowest KL divergence among 149 descriptors encompassing multi-scale topological structures and biochemical properties—outperforming the second-best method by roughly 19\%. Third, we developed a post-hoc interpretability method based on 149 molecular descriptors, revealing DM-Assembler’s superior ability to fit physicochemical properties compared to atom-based models and topological structures compared to non-diffusion models, highlighting its advantages in molecular generation tasks. Furthermore, DM-Assembler demonstrates outstanding conditional sampling capabilities, seamlessly integrating auxiliary scorers or domain motif priors for efficient and accurate conditional generation. This enables deeper qualitative exploration of structure-activity relationships and accelerates pharmacophore discovery. Overall, we anticipate that DM-Assembler will advance trust-worthy and multi-objective molecular design across diverse disciplines, fostering significant progress in related research fields.
Mass Production of Gradient Perovskite Nanowires via Microscale Thermal Engineering
Authors: Yang Yiming , Li Jianliang , Li Jing , Xu Jiao , Liu Weili , Tan Conghui , An Meiqi , Yang Shuai , Bao Yanan , Tang Huayi , Bao Han , Luo Yingmin , Fang Yurui
Published: January 2025

The bandgap engineering of halide perovskites at microscopic level is challenging due to fabrication complexity, environmental sensitivity and material stability. Here we report a facile approach to high-yield compositional graded perovskite nanowires (NWs) via vapor-phase anion exchange methods. Using rationally engineered thermal inhomogeneity along the length of single NWs, arrays of NWs with compositional gradient across tens of micrometers can be readily mass-produced via bottom-up as well as top-down exchange strategies. These exchanged NWs exhibit well-preserved single-crystallinity for efficient optical and electrical transport, while their halogen stoichiometry, fluorescence, and energy band structure demonstrate apparent axial gradient. Detailed analysis of elemental distribution and thermal simulation reveal that the ultralow thermal conductivity together with reduced dimensionality leads to microscale temperature gradient, which is further converted to compositional gradient upon anion exchange. In addition, the gradient NWs show excellent optoelectronic features suitable for further integration into functional devices. This work provides guidelines for composition manipulation of perovskites through thermal engineering, extending their applications in ultracompact microspectrometers, spectral imaging sensors, and other miniaturized optoelectronic devices.
Coping with the Dunkelflaute: Power system implications of variable renewable energy droughts in Europe
Authors: Kittel Martin , Roth Alexander , Schill Wolf-Peter
Published: January 2025

Coping with prolonged periods of low availability of wind and solar power, also referred to as "Dunkelflaute", emerges as a key challenge for realizing a decarbonized European energy system fully based on renewable energy sources. Here we investigate the role of long-duration electricity storage and geographical balancing in dealing with such variable renewable energy droughts. To this end, we combine renewable availability time series analysis and power sector modeling, using 36 historical weather years. We find that extreme drought events define long-duration storage operation and investment. The most extreme event in Europe occurred in the winter of 1996/97. Assuming policy-relevant interconnection, long-duration storage of 351TWh or 7% of yearly electricity demand is required to deal with this event. As it affects many countries simultaneously, a storage capacity of 159 TWh or 3% of yearly electricity demand remains required even in the extreme case of unconstrained geographical balancing. Before and during Dunkelflaute events, we find complex interactions of long-duration storage with other flexibility options. Sensitivity analyses illustrate that firm zero-emission generation technologies would only moderately reduce long-duration storage needs. Thus, policymakers and system planners should prepare for a rapid expansion of long-duration storage capacity to safeguard the renewable energy transition in Europe. We further argue that using multiple weather years that include pronounced renewable energy droughts is required for weather-resilient energy system modeling.
NEOSTI: A Neuromorphic Electronic-Opto Spatial-Temporal Hybrid Image Sensor
Authors: Zhang Milin , Liu Tianyi , Huang Zheng , Wang Xuecheng , Shi Wanxin , Chen Hongwei
Published: January 2025

Image sensors in machine vision systems face significant challenges related to energy efficiency and processing capability when storing, transferring, and processing massive amounts of data. In humans, over 80% of information processed by the brain is obtained through the eyes, which are capable of detecting and synchronously processing information with extremely low overall power consumption. Inspired by the biomimetics, here we propose a Neuromorphic Electronic-Opto Spatial Temporal Imager (NEOSTI), the smallest all-in-one eye size fully integrated vision system enabling acquisition and operation in typical indoor/outdoor non-coherent environments, under both natural and artificial lighting conditions, without any extra requirement of the light source, such as laser or coherent light source. NEOSTI combines processing-pre-sensor (PPS) in optical domain, processing-in-sensor (PIS) with non-linear acquisition capability while optical to electronic converting, and processing-near-sensor (PNS) in electronic domain, enabling parallel data computing capabilities while sensing. NEOSTI also integrates a low complexity Binary Neural Network (BNN) on the chip to process image semantic information. It attains near-human performance in five static and dynamic visual processing tasks.
Naturally disengaging control to reveal habits
Authors: Oh Sarah , Collins Anne
Published: January 2025

Habits are an essential part of everyday decision-making. However, the mechanisms underlying habit formation and expression in humans are difficult to study in the laboratory, owing to a dearth of convenient experimental paradigms that reliably exhibit a key marker of habits – training-induced inflexibility – under ecologically valid conditions. This difficulty is often attributed to the fact that habits are identified in contrast to goal-directed (GD) control, which research participants typically engage strongly in laboratory experiments. To address this gap, we develop a new, short habit learning paradigm that incorporates several features we hypothesized would encourage participants to disengage GD control, enabling habits to exert greater influence over behavior: a hierarchical multi-step trial structure, opportunities for self-correction, and frequent switches between extensively and moderately practiced behaviors. Through a series of experiments, we demonstrate that overtraining amplifies habitual control, as evidenced by errors biased toward the overtrained context and away from the moderately-trained context at early response times, while later responses remain dominated by GD control. The reliability of this overtraining effect depended on the inclusion of task features designed to dampen GD control. In addition to providing a practical, robust, and flexible tool for studying the cognitive processes underlying habit formation and habitual control, our paradigm moves us beyond the traditional stimulus-response conception of habits, expanding the definition to include more complex, hierarchical behaviors that better reflect naturalistic human habits.