bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Observations on the Cytological Effects of Antimitotic Poisons
Authors: Dustin Pierre
Published: July 2016

Recently discovered substances with antimitotic action fall in the two categories which have been defined since many years, i. e. spindle poisons and chromatin (or “radiomimetic”) poisons. The most recently studied are hydroxyurea — a powerful inhibitor of DNA synthesis — and the Vinca alcaloids — which destroy the tubular components of the spindle, bringing a prolonged arrest in metaphase.

The mechanisms of action of many of these drugs remain most obscure. In the field of spindle-poisons, there has been no explanation sofar of the relationship between their chemical structure and cytological action. While it is known that minor changes in the chemical structure of colchicine can prevent its specific action on the spindle, the precise relation which appears to exist between this complex molecule and the spindle structures remains obscure. The same remark applies to the Vinca alcaloids. Progress is being made however in this field. The ultrastructural aspects of the spindle have been analysed by electron microscopy, and a precise definition in chemical terms of the spindle may be close. These observations have shown the similarity between the tubules of the spindle and other tubular structures of identifical size: the neurotubules. Some recent observations indicate that these may also be destroyed by colchicine, a fact which may be related to the well-known and severe neurotoxicity of this alcaloid. What remains to be explained is the fact that the most effective spindle poisons are molecules of the size and complexity of those of vinblastine, while simple inorganic substances (arsenicals, heavy metals) may exert identical if not so powerful effects on the spindle structures. Another point which needs further research is the cause of the extensive cellular destruction which follows, in animal cells, any prolonged inhibition of the spindle function. The chemotherapic actions of spindle poisons are most probably related, not only to the growth inhibiting effects of these drugs, but most of all to the cellular breakdown which is observed in cells when they have been kept for several hours in metaphase.
Current Problems in the Use of the Oncolytic Drugs
Authors: Armstrong James G.
Published: July 2016

1. Lists have been made of the more frequently occurring malignant diseases and of those commonly available oncolytic drugs which, in the author's opinion, are most appropriate for their treatment.

2. Those tumors which do not usually respond to oncolytic drugs have also been listed.

3. For several malignant diseases it has been found that small doses of oncolytic drugs have proved just as effective for inducing remission and even more effective in prolonging remission than have larger doses of these drugs. The explanation for this may be that smaller doses do less harm to the body's immune defense mechanism than do larger doses.
La genetica del favismo
Authors: Sansone G. , Segni G.
Published: July 2016

The AA. state that favism as a disease but is not inherited the underlying biochemical rer cells defectis. The defect is present in 12,1% of the sardinian population (immigrated in Genova) and is absent in subjects of ligurian extraction. A remarkable number of sensitive subjects have no clinical disturbances at all. The inheritance is of dominant mendelian type. In the females there is a low gene penetrance and expressivity. Even if apparenty normal to the biochemical tests they frequently transmit the defect to the sons.

The possibility of a sex-linked hereditary transmission is taken into consideration.
Analisi della mortalità di alcune malattie ematologiche nella popolazione Italiana
Authors: Sodani F.
Published: July 2016

Death rates in Italy for the following groups of causes have been studied.

Haemophilia, purpura and other haemorrhagic conditions,

Pernicious anaemia,

Leukhaemia and Hodgkin's disease.

A study of the historical series shows a decreasing trend in death rates for the first two groups of causes and a rapidly increasing one for the third group. The study of death rates by age and sex shows, in the three groups of causes, a high death rate under 5 and over 50 years of age, with different characteristics from one group to another. Death rates for leukhaemia are higher in males than females.
The relationship between the leucocyte count, the “Shift to the left” and the incidence of drumsticks in mongolism
Authors: Mittwoch Ursula
Published: July 2016

RIASSUNTO

Si fa un confronto fra 50 mongoloidi e 50 deficienti mentali di altri tipi con riguardo al numero medio di lobi nucleari dei granulociti neutrofili, al numero totale di leucociti ed all'incidenza dei « drumsticks ».

Si conclude che il numero basso dei lobi nucleari neutrofilici dei mongoloidi non può essere una conseguenza di un aumento del numero totale dei leucociti o dei neutrofili e che si deve cercare un'altra causa per spiegare questo fenomeno. Dall'altra parte, l'incidenza bassa di « drumsticks » osservata nelle mongoloidi può considerarsi come risultato del numero ridotto dei lobi e non occorre supporre che esista una anormalità sessuale.
A hereditary abnormality of the metabolism of glutathione in the red blood cells
Authors: Szeinberg A. , Sheba Ch. , Adam A. , Ramot Bracha
Published: July 2016

The frequency of a hereditary abnormality of erythocytes characterised by a deficiency in glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione instability, has been investigated in various population groups in Israel. The highest frequencies of this abnormality have been detected among Jews from Kurdistan, Iraq and Persia. It is also relatively common in other oriental (sefardic) Jewish communities, as well as among Arabs, desert Bedouins and Druses.

Up to now only one case of this erythrocyte defect has been found among Jews of Ashkenazic origin. The same abnormality has also been found in a Sikh from Punjab.

The hereditary pattern of transmission and evidences of sex linkage are presented. The problem of expressivity of the abnormal gene in heterozygous females is discussed.
Zwillingsuntersuchungen bei Hauttuberkulose (Vorläufige Mitteilung)
Authors: Niermann Hans
Published: July 2016

1. There is probably no special hereditary disposition for the localisation of the tuberculosis at the skin.

2. The partial selection of the hitherto made casuistics of twins explains the contradiction to the literature.

3. The general tuberculosis is in the sense of Diehl and v. Verschuer preponderating concordant by monozygotics twins and discordant by bizygotics twins.
Contributo alla storia dello studio dei gemelli (Il “ De gemellis ” di Scipione Giuseppe Casalio. Il Mostro di Mogliano e la tournée viennese dei gemelli coalescenti Tocci. Galton, Siemens e Waardenburg)
Authors: Gedda Luigi
Published: July 2016

Con il 1956 si apre il V volume della nostra Rivista e si compiono cinque anni da quando abbiamo pubblicato il libro « Studio dei Gemelli ». Una vasta famiglia di autori, ed una più vasta di lettori, si è raccolta attorno ad « Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae » la quale, unitamente al libro, ha valso a rinfocolare l'attesa e l'impegno attorno agli studi gemellari, ed a raccogliere un materiale di cospicuo interesse.

Per sottolineare questa circostanza riprendiamo il profilo storico della gemellologia che abbiamo tracciato in un capitolo di « Studio dei Gemelli » per integrarlo con alcuni dati recentemente acquisiti, non senza notare che, in genere, questo assunto non coincide con quello di aggiornare il lettore con i progressi della gemellologia, perchè altra cosa è l'apporto scientifico, a cui attende periodicamente la Rivista, ed altra cosa l'elaborazione storica del pensiero scientifico.

Quest'ultima richiede, fra l'altro, una certa prospettiva nel tempo, cioè una distanza che consenta di attribuire ad ogni apporto il valore che effettivamente e definitivamente gli compete per accordarlo con le linee di sviluppo del pensiero scientifico.
Zwillings Katamnesen (Klinische Befunde bei Nachuntersuchung einer auslesefreien Zwillingsserie
Authors: Duis B. T.
Published: July 2016

Zusamenfassung

1. Es wird über erbpathologische Ergebnisse bei Nachuntersuchung von 235 Zwillingspaaren in den Jahren 1951-52 berichtet. Die Erstuntersuchung erfolgte durch das Erbbiologische Universitäts-Institut Frankfurt in den Jahren 1935-41 und umfasste 1695 Paare. Von diesen konnten 444 wieder erfasst werden. Um einen Längsschnitt-Vergleich zu ermöglichen, wurden hiervon nur diejenigen Paare berücksichtigt, bei denen gelegentlich der Erstuntersuchung beide Partner zugegen waren (102 EZ- und 133 ZZ-Paare).

2. In kasuistischer Darstellung wird, nach Krankheitsgruppen gegliedert, der durch Untersuchung der Probanden erhobene Befund wiedergegeben und durch Heranziehung von Krankengeschichten ergänzt. Auf die Anamnese zwischen Erst- und Nachuntersuchung wurde hierbei besonderer Wert gelegt.

Das Konkordanz/Diskordanz-Verhältnis wird erörtert und die Bedeutung einer Längsschnitt-Betrachtung betont.

3. Die Ergebnisse werden mit denen v. Verschuers bei Nachuntersuchung der Tübinger Zwillinge verglichen. Im Unterschied zu v. Verschuer, dessen Darlegung sich hauptsächlich auf die während einer Beobachtungszeit von 25 Jahren aufgetretenen Krankheiten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Umweltverhältnisse bezieht, befasst sich die Nachuntersuchung der Frankfurter Zwillinge — da es sich um ein noch nicht veröffentliches Material handelt — mit dem Krankheitsgeschehen, das im Leben dieser Zwillinge bisher aufgetreten ist. Trotz der damit gegebenen verschiedenartigen Ausgangssituation und Fragestellung ergibt sich in beiden Zwillings-Serien als überraschendes Ergebnis das deutliche Uberwiegen diskordanter Fälle. Das gilt auch da, wo mutmasslich die vorwiegende Ursache einer Erkrankung die Erbanlage ist oder wo die Erbanlage, wie bei der Tuberkulose, zumindest eine wesentliche Rolle für das Zustandekommen der Erkrankung bildet. Hieraus erhellt die Bedeutung einer Längsschnittbetrachtung, zumal ganz offensichtlich die Erb-Umwelt-Analyse nicht nach dem polaren Denkschema des Zustandsbildes krank oder gesund ausgerichtet sein kann. Es kommt vielmehr auf eine dynamische Betrachtung an, die sich nicht nur für das Kranksein, sondern vor allem auch für das Krank-Werden und Gesund-Bleiben interessiert. Die Feststellung des Konkordanz/Diskordanz-Verhältnisses ist hierbei ein wichtiger Querschnitt, der aber mehrfach gelegt werden muss, um Einblick in das Zustandekommen eines Krankheitsgeschehens zu erhalten.
Zur Frage der richtigen Beurteilung morphologischer Merkmale am Lichtbild von Kopf und Gesicht
Authors: Ehrhardt Sophie
Published: July 2016

Das fotografische Bild eines menschlichen Kopfes ist eine flächenhafte Wiedergabe einer Vollplastik. Wenn eine solche Aufnahme wissenschaftlichen Zwecken dienen soll, muss man von ihr erwarten, dass sie alle Formmerkmale richtig erkennen lässt, so dass aus dem flächenhaften Bild die richtige Plastik herausschaut.

Bei Familienuntersuchungen und beim erbbiologischen Aehnlichkeitsvergleich, wie ihn der Anthropologe durchführt, spielt die Beurteilung morphologischer Merkmale nach Lichtbildern eine erhebliche Rolle. Eine richtige bzw. falsche Beurteilung von Einzelmerkmalen an einer Kopfaufnahme kann weittragende Bedeutung haben. Um eine Basis für einen brauchbaren Vergleich von Bildern und eine richtige Beurteilung von Merkmalen am Lichtbild zu schaffen, muss eine gewisse Normierung in der Aufnahmetechnik eingehalten werden, auf die im Schrifttum schon oft hingewiesen wurde (z. B. Mollison, Th., 1910, Arch. Anthrop. N. F. Bd. 9, S. 305-321; Martin, R., 1925, Anat. Anz. Bd. 59, Nr. 22/23, S. 529-538; Rodenwaldt, G., 1935, Archäol. Anz. S. 354-363). Alle Fehler, die sich nur zu leicht bei fotografischen Aufnahmen einschleichen, müssen erkannt und nach Möglichkeit beseitigt werden.

An Hand von einigen Lichtbildern aus der praktischen Arbeit des Anthropologen soll auf solche Fehler aufmerksam gemacht werden. Hierbei müssen vor allem beachtet werden die Einstellung des Objektes zur Kamera und die Beleuchtung.
Familienbefunde bei letalen Anomalien der Körperform
Authors: Grebe Hans
Published: July 2016

Im folgenden soil über die Ergebnisse von systematischen Familienuntersuchungen berichtet werden, die ich bei unausgelesenen totgeborenen und im ersten Lebenshalbjahr verstorbenen Kindern mit letalen Anomalien der Körperform durchführen konnte.

Der Begriff « Anomalien der Körperform » wird dabei im Sinne meines Lehrers v. Verschuer für typische, oft erbliche Missbildungen einschliesslich Kombinationsmissbildungen mit Veränderung der äusseren Körperform gebraucht, die ich als Todesursache unter den in den Jahren 1937-39 im Pathologischen Institut der Universität Frankfurt-Main erfolgten Sektionen finden konnte. Eine statistische Auswertung der Gesamttodesursachen war bereits früher erfolgt (1942).

In einer umfangreichen Monographic « Familienuntersuchungen bei missbildeten Totgeborenen und Frühverstorbenen » sollten die im folgenden zu besprechenden Befunde zusammen mit anderen letalen Missbildungen (Herzmissbildungen, letalen Hernien, Ektopien, Missbildungen des Magen-Darmkanals, der Haut und der blutbildenden Organe sowie auch Mongolismus) Anfang 1945 als Ergänzungsband der Zeitschrift für menschliche Vererbungs- und Konstitutionslehre erscheinen. Leider ist die bereits ausgedruckte, fertige Arbeit am Ende des letzten Krieges der Zerstörung von Würzburg zum Opfer gefallen. Bei den gegenwärtig beschränkten Druckmöglichkeiten in Deutschland habe ich unter dem Titel « Frühletale Missbildungen und Hereditat » bisher lediglich ein kurzes Referat der Arbeit geben konnen. Für das grosszügige Angebot von Herrn Prof. Dr. L. Gedda, einen Teil der Arbeit in die Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae aufzunehmen, möchte ich deshalb meinen ganz besonderen Dank aussprechen.
Die Sprachentwicklung von Ein-und Zweieiigen Zwillingen und die Vererbung von Sprachstörungen
Authors: Luchsinger R.
Published: July 2016

The genetic roots of speech development in children are being investigated. On the basis of observations in the development of speech in 12 monozygotic twin pairs it could be shown that not only the retarded but also the normal development of speech is an idiotypic characteristic. It must be considered however, that we are not dealing with a simple characteristic, but with the result of a whole complex (intelligence, type of immagination, fine-motor and vitality) of the mentioned root. Further examinations regard the disposition for stammering. On the basis of research with monozygotic twins, of which one partner during the examination presented only signs of cluttering, the other one, however, clonic-tonic stammering, while both twins had a pathologic electroencephalogram, the hereditary basis of speech defects and stammering is shown. However, only in half of the cases of monozygotic twins one can find a disposition for dyslalia, which can be of a very different (periphercentral) nature.
Genetica, Medicina e Costituzione
Authors: Gedda Luigi
Published: July 2016

The Author reexamines in current terms the old problem of Constitution from the medical viewpoint. Modern medicine, over the last 100 years, has mainly stopped to consider the importance of the diseases’ imprint of the phenotype as well as the diseases’ exogenous causes; today it is specially called upon to focus its attention on the deseases’ endogenous causes and on the individual’s morbid destiny. Constitutionally minded medical schools have surveyed this field from the morphological, functional and neuroendocrinological viewpoints, but with little practical result. Only by basing Constitution studies on the laws of Genetics will it be possible to solve the important problem from the clinical point of view.
Die Tendenz zu Zwillingsgeburten
Authors: Dahlberg Gunnar
Published: July 2016

1. The probability that a mother who has already given birth to twins will repeat the twin birth has been shown to be 3.63 ± 0.24%.

a) The increase in the frequency of binovular twin births of 4,55 ± 0,90% is statistically significant.

b) The increase in the frequency of monovular twin births of 1.43 ± 0,90% is not statistically sure in this data because of the relatively high standard error.

2. Althrough it cannot by proved statistically, there is some indication that, amongst the later births to women who have initially given birth to binovular twins, there is an increase in the frequency of monovular twins, and vice-versa.

3. Hormonal disturbances, such as a slow secretion of folliculin which would prevent ovulation, may be the cause of binovular twinning. Mon ovular twinning is probably due to an inherent tendency of the egg to divide. It is pos sible that if this tendency manifests itself before the reduction division and two separate eggs are formed binovular twinning may result. With this hypothesis is mind, an attempt has been made to discover some correlation between monovular and binovular twinning.
Il Fattore Costituzionale Del Cancro Studiato Sul Ratto Col Metodo Della Parabiosi
Authors: Foà Carlo
Published: July 2016

We describe a fortuitous observation on two rats united in parabiosis since nearly a year.

One of the two, belonging to an oncoreceptive race, fell sick of a round cell sarcoma, of extremely malignant nature, which spread itself through various metastases to all the organism, invading especially the lungs and causing tha animal’s death.

The other, of oncorefractory race, did not fall sick, although he was united to the first by abundant vascular and lymphatic communications, and that the common abdominal cavity was full of an hemorrhagic exsudation containing numberless cells coming from the tumorous decomposition. As the question is of a parabiosis of long duration and of a natural tumor of great malignity, the observation, better than the preceding ones on grafted tumors, favours the demonstration of the importance of the individual constitution of a subject sick or not of cancer.
La Pentagemellanza Di Taranto
Authors: Gedda Luigi , Sibilio Iolanda
Published: July 2016

The Authors have studied the case of abortive quintuplets born in Taranto, Italy, on June 15, 1952, as the ninth parturition of a 35 years old woman, with a history of twin heredity on the father’s side.

According to anamnesis and to objective examination, the fetuses appear to have five months of intrauterine life. On the basis of sexes (two males and three females) and of the annexes’ findings, the hypothesis of a trizygotic quintuplet set is suggested. Concerning the hereditary mechanism of twinning the Authors state that the genetic twinning factor (G factor) is not specific either by quality (MZ, DZ) or by quantity of the twins it produced.

As far as the age estimate of the twin fetuses is concerned, they state that the diagnosis, rather than on quantity data, is to be based on the quality ones, and specially on the ossification -nuclei detected by X-rays.
Eredità Delle Qualità Gruppo-Specifiche (ABO-MN-Rh) E Ricerca Medico-Legale Della Maternità
Authors: Franchini Aldo , Introna Francesco
Published: July 2016

The Autors show a case of research of maternity in the subject of alteration of social condition in comparison of two newborns, this is a case in which a maternity staded could be excluded, and a maternity denied could be recognized, on the base of the genotypes in connexion to the qualities of the specific-groups Rh.

The gynaecological exam of the two women and the determination of the types ABO and MN had not allowed the complete solution of the problem which was, on the contrary, reached and showed by the acknowledgement of the genetics formulas Rh.
Dental diseases, malformations and malpositions studied by the Twin-Clinical Method
Authors: Gedda L. , Brenci G. , Pierelli F. , Parisi P.
Published: July 2016

The Twin Clinical Method (Gedda, 1963) has been applied to the study of dental pathology. Four cases of MZ female twin pairs have been studied, concordantly affected by dental agenesis (case I), mirror-imaging dental agenesis (case II), diastema (case III), and dental caries and enamel dystrophy (case IV). The test has also been applied, and for the first time, to a set of MZ female triplets, concordantly affected by dental caries and malposition.

In all the above cases, the test has permitted to reject hypothesis of a concordance being due to chance, while postulating the existence of a causality.

The latter is ascribed to the common heredity characterizing MZ cotwins.
Probability of monozygosity on the basis of incomplete serological analysis
Authors: Vrydagh-Laoureux S.
Published: July 2016

When the result of the reaction to an antiserum is known for only one twin, it is nevertheless possible to calculate the probability that the twins be monozygotic, making allowance for that partial result.

The probability of monozygosity is calculated in the hypothesis of complete concordance.

This too high probability is then combined with the probability of concordance between sibs for the trait considered.
Non-L.T.E. and Scattering Effects on the Strong-Line Profiles of Sodium
Authors: Mugglestone D.
Published: July 2016

I am reporting here work done recently by the astrophysics group at the University of Queensland (notably G. D. Finn and R. L. Young). We are interested in the detailed formation of the profiles of the sodium-D solar absorption lines. These lines are very strong with extended wings and the object of the exercise is to determine how closely, under the physical conditions assumed to exist in the solar atmosphere, we can theoretically reproduce the detailed line profile which is observed.
Diffuse Reflection and Transmission by Non-Coherently Scattering Media
Authors: Black R. B. T.
Published: July 2016

It has become recognized that the dominant mechanism in the formation of the cores of resonance lines in the solar spectrum is non-coherent scattering, e.g., Thomas (1957). A study, preliminary to the theoretical investigation of the spectra of chromospheric structures, is the evaluation of the effect of diffuse reflection and transmission by non-coherently scattering media.
The Variable Star Rho Puppis
Authors: Bessell M. S.
Published: July 2016

Simultaneous high dispersion photoelectric and photographic spectra have been obtained for the short period variables δ Set, δ Del and p Pup over at least one cycle of variation.
Some Remarks on Young Clusters and Peculiar A Stars Associated with them
Authors: Hyland A. R.
Published: July 2016

A study has been made of the upper main-sequence stars in several young clusters, in an attempt to determine a well-defined effective temperature scale for the B stars, and to compare the observed atmospheric parameters with the recent theoretical evolutionary tracks in the H-R diagram (Iben, 1965, Hofmeister et al, 1964, Kippenhahn et al., 1965). Each of the clusters studied contains at least one peculiar A star of the Si λ-4200 type, and this afforded an excellent opportunity for a study of the evolution of these stars.
High Velocity HI Away from the Galactic Plane
Authors: Mathewson D. S.
Published: July 2016

Results of recent surveys of high velocity HI clouds with the 80-ft reflector at Dwingeloo and with the 260-ft x 80-ft standing paraboloid of the Ohio State University are combined. They show that clouds with high negative radial velocities occur mainly in the longitude range 50° to 220° from N. to S. galactic poles. However, nearly three times as many clouds are found north than south of the galactic plane. Clouds with high positive radial velocities are much less numerous than the negative velocity clouds. They have been found between longitudes 260° to 350° and scattered around lII = 75°, bII = +45°.
A Supernova Remnant in Centaurus
Authors: Whiteoak J. B. , Gardner F. F.
Published: July 2016

Observations of the composite radio source which includes the catalogued components 1209-52 and 1209-51 (Bolton et al. 1964) have been obtained at frequencies 629, 1410, and 2650 MHz with the 210-ft Parkes telescope. The observations at the highest frequency are shown in Figure 1. The isotherms of full-beam brightness temperature correspond to the single polarization direction shown within the circle representing the half-intensity beamwidth. The polarization vectors (unbroken lines) along the two ridges represent 15-25% linear polarization. The intrinsic angles of polarization, derived from the 1410 and 2650 MHz observations, are represented by the broken lines. They are perpendicular to the magnetic field if the radiation is synchrotron. The corresponding rotation measures (Gardner and Whiteoak 1963) range between +17 and +36 rad. m-2 along the eastern ridge, and between —14 and —4 on the western side.
Radio Observations of Clusters of Galaxies
Authors: Mills B. Y. , Shobbrook R. R.
Published: July 2016

High resolution studies of clusters of galaxies at radio frequencies may contribute substantially to our knowledge of the properties of radio galaxies, their evolution and their luminosity function. A considerable amount of statistical information is already available on the correspondence of radio sources and clusters; the present investigation is aimed rather at a detailed examination of the sources and their identification with actual galaxies or other objects.
Angular Sizes of Radio Sources
Authors: Ekers R.
Published: July 2016

These observations have been made with the 210ft-60ft variable baseline interferometer at the Australian National Radio Astronomy Observatory.
The Propagation of Cosmic Radiation Through the Inter-Planetary Magnetic Field
Authors: McCracken K. G.
Published: July 2016

Instruments were flown on the Pioneer 6 and 7 spacecraft during 1965-66 to study the degree of anisotropy of cosmic radiation in the energy range 7.5-90 Mev/nucleón. The instruments record the cosmic ray fluxes from each of four contiguous ‘quadrants’ of azimuthal rotation of the spacecraft, for each of three energy windows 7.5-45 Mev, 45-90 Mev, and 150-350 Mev for alpha particles and heavier nuclei. In addition, the counting rate of all particles of energy >7.5 Mev is recorded, thereby providing cosmic ray data of high statistical precision useful in the study of fast changes in the cosmic ray flux.
Impulsive X-ray Emission by the Sun
Authors: Harries J. R.
Published: July 2016

Solar X-ray bursts have been observed by a xenon-methane filled proportional counter on the satellite IMP-F. The counter is one inch deep and has a 14 mg/cm2 beryllium window. A slat collimator restricts the field of view to a full width of 5° in the direction of the satellite spin while allowing the counter to see ±60° in the plane containing the spin axis. The effective window area of the counter is 2.2 cm2, after allowing for the collimator.
Measuring the Internal ‘Seeing’ of Solar Instruments
Authors: Coulman C. E.
Published: July 2016

The wavefront from a celestial source is believed to arrive at the outer fringe of the Earth’s atmosphere as a truly plane wave of effectively infinite extent. After propagating through our refractively non-uniform atmosphere this wavefront becomes distorted in shape and exhibits a nonuniform amplitude distribution. At present there is little that can be done to remedy the effects of the atmosphere on wave propagation. However when the wave has been received by the entrance aperture of the observing telescope we should try to design this optical system, including its air-path sections, so as to minimize further distortion of the wavefront. ‘Seeing’ effects within an instrument which concern us in this paper are attributable to air of nonuniform temperature (and hence refractive index) in the sections between the optical components.
Infra-red Observations of Globular Cluster Giants
Authors: Brooke A.L.
Published: July 2016

This paper presents a progress report on a programme of infra-red photoelectric photometry of the red giant sequences in some southern globular clusters. As measured in B and V these sequences are known to differ from cluster to cluster, at least one contributing factor being differential line-blanketing arising from variations in metal abundance. Observations in R and I should be substantially free of blanketing, and so enable us to eliminate this factor, clarifying the situation and making possible a more accurate transformation of the observations to the Mbol, log Tett plane. The difficulty of making this transformation has been a major obstacle in comparing observations and theory for cluster giants.
The Apparent Size of Rapidly Rotating Stars
Authors: Johnston I.D. , Wareing N.C.
Published: July 2016

The stellar interferometer at Narrabri Observatory measures the angular diameter of hot, bright stars. It does this by matching the observed intensity correlation from two detectors, as a function of separation between the detectors, with that from a uniform disk (see Hanbury Brown et al.). When this measurement is taken in conjunction with experimental determinations of the monochromatic flux received at the Earth, the effective temperature of the star, Te, can be determined. However, if the star being observed is rotating rapidly, comparison with a uniform disk is of doubtful validity. Owing to its rotation the shape of the star will be distorted, and its effective temperature will vary over the surface (being apparently hotter at the poles). Therefore the measured angular diameter of the star will be different, and will change with the orientation of the star’s axis of rotation in the sky.
Magnetic Fields in Slowly Rotating Stars
Authors: Davies G.F.
Published: July 2016

Those solutions which have so far been obtained to the problem of a star with both rotation and a magnetic field have been for certain special cases, mostly time-independent. It is known that, except for stars with special rotation laws, a rotating star in hydrostatic equilibrium cannot maintain thermal equilibrium without generating slow meridional circulation of matter. It is also known that an axially symmetric field with no azimuthal component tends very strongly to keep the star in a state of isorotation, with the angular velocity constant along field lines. A magnetic field also tends to upset thermal equilibrium and produce meridional circulation. In the absence of rotation, an equilibrium poloidal field has recently been found for which there is no circulation. The present paper reports analogous equilibrium solutions for a star which is in uniform rotation.
A Galactic Lane with Low Absorption
Authors: Lyngå G.
Published: July 2016

In Table I are given photometric data and spectral classes for some OB stars in galactic longitudes 298°-306°. The data have been obtained using a photoelectric photometer on the Reynolds reflector and the Meinel spectrograph on the 100 cm reflector at Siding Spring. Numbers refer to an OB star catalogue in preparation.
A Comparison of Radio and Optical Observations of the 30 Doradus Nebula
Authors: Marne A. E. Le
Published: July 2016

The Sydney University one mile cross-type radio telescope at the Molonglo Radio Observatory has been used to study the 30 Doradus nebula with high resolution (~3´ arc) at 408 MHz. This preliminary report compares these observations with Balmer line isophotes published by Faulkner. A description of the calibration procedures used in the present observations, an analysis of the various radio features in the 30 Doradus region, and a comparison with previous observations at other frequencies, will be described in a later paper.
High-Resolution Mapping of Four Strong Radio Sources at 80 MHz
Authors: Morimoto M. , Lockhart I.A.
Published: July 2016

A number of strong radio sources have been examined for structure with the 3’.5 beam of the 80 MHz radioheliograph at the CSIRO Solar Observatory, Culgoora Contour maps of brightness distribution are presented here for the galactic source W44, and the extra-galactic sources Fornax A, Pictor A and 3C353; they are compared, where possible, with maps at other frequencies.
Telescope Mountings for Coudé Spectrographs
Authors: Dunham T.
Published: July 2016

A modern coudé spectrograph for observing the spectra of stars and planets with maximum efficiency is a complex and versatile instrument, which represents an investment about equal to that for a 40-inch telescope. The trend toward special telescopes for special kinds of work began in the 1930s with Schmidt telescopes for wide angle photography, and has been followed by the use of specialized telescopes for photoelectric photometry, and more recently by telescopes for polarization measurements. Two telescopes designed for exclusive use with coudé spectrographs already exist—the 48-inch at Victoria and the 60-inch at Haute Provence. More are needed, particularly in the southern hemisphere.
Emerging Theories of the Solar Modulation of Cosmic Rays
Authors: Gleeson L. J.
Published: July 2016

This review is concerned mainly with the solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays and the progress that has been made since the Tenth International Conference on Cosmic Rays (Calgary, June 1967), My aim is to set out some of the advances in the basic theories; to indicate why certain disagreements between convection-diffusion theory and observations (noted in Webber’s invited review at Calgary) are to be expected; and to indicate some of the currently emerging areas of interest.
Type II Solar Radio Bursts Observed with the Culgoora Radioheliograph during a Flare on 17 June 1968
Authors: Kai K. , McLean D. J.
Published: July 2016

On 17 June 1968 we observed a flare event with the 80 MHz Culgoora radioheliograph consisting of a sequence of two type II bursts followed by enhanced emission possibly of type IV. In this paper we shall attempt to summarize some ofthe profuse data collected by the radioheliograph during this event and relate it to data from the radiospectrograph and Hα films of the associated flare (the Hα films were kindly made available by the Division of Physics, CSIRO).
The Detection of High-Energy X-Rays from Ara XR-1 and Nor XR-1
Authors: Thomas R. M.
Published: July 2016

This paper presents observations of weak X-ray sources at photon energies between 20 and 100 keV which were made during a balloon flight conducted from Mildura, Australia on 29 February 1968. Results obtained from Sco XR-1 and the Sagittarius region during this flight have been presented elsewhere, and here we report additional results obtained during a search of an area of sky in which several sources have been reported from rocket experiments at photon energies below about 10 keV. The detector used was an actively collimated and shielded NaI(T1) crystal, 2 mm thick and 54.3 cm2 in area. Incident photons were sorted into 16 energy channels between 7 and 167 keV (1.76 to 0.07 Å). The collimator field of view was 8°FWHM; the telescope axis was fixed at a zenith angle of 32° and its azimuth angle was varied by rotating the observatory below the balloon. This allowed the telescope to scan back and forth in azimuth across a source, the azimuth angle at any time being indicated by magnetometers.
Pulsars
Authors: Mills B. Y.
Published: July 2016

Until early in 1968 radio sources were believed to be relatively constant and slowly evolving objects. Sporadic intensity variations had been found at high frequencies in some quasars but, except for the Sun and some flare stars which exhibited occasional bursts of radiation, the time scale of changing emission appeared to be very long.
Correlated Bursts at Distant Sources on the Sun
Authors: Kai K.
Published: July 2016

Since the start of high-resolution observations with the radioheliograph at the Culgoora Solar Observatory it has been noted that some bursts which occur from separate active regions could be physically correlated. It was suggested that the time delay between the correlated bursts is of the order of seconds, and that fast electrons provide the trigger. Wild found that shortly before a large flare weak bursts, stronelv polarized in the same sense, appeared simultaneously in different sources after a quiet period and he discussed the phenomenon in the light of flare mechanisms.
Solar System: A Model of the Magnetized Solar Wind
Authors: Urch I. H.
Published: July 2016

Parker realized that the solar corona would expand into a supersonic wind, whose flow could be described by hydrodynamics. Subsequently a number of such steady state models have been developed which include the energy transport equation. These models assume that the heating of the gas is confined to a thin shell at the base of the corona, but neglect the effects of solar rotation and the general magnetic field, which is carried into space by the solar wind.
The Occultation of BD -17° 4388 by Neptune: I. Determination of Neptune’s position
Authors: Miller M. J.
Published: July 2016

The possibility of the occultation by Neptune of a star of similar apparent magnitude to itself was first pointed out by the amateur astronomer Ross A. Shuart. It was clear that such an event would provide data on Neptune’s position which would be of value to the observatories which produce the planetary ephemerides. The existing ephemeris of Neptune is known to contain small errors which have been accumulating over many years.
The Occultation of BD -17° 4388 by Neptune: III. Discussion
Authors: Freeman K. C. , LyngÅ G.
Published: July 2016

The occultation of a star by a planet of similar brightness allows accurate determination of the planet’s radius R, mean density ρ and of the ratio T/μ, where T and μ are the planetary atmospheric temperature and mean molecular weight. These quantities are important for the formation theory of the planet and of its atmosphere (see e.g. Öpik).
Considerations in the Design of Primary Worm-gear Drives for Astronomical Telescopes
Authors: Groeneveld D. G. S.
Published: July 2016

Worm-gear drives for astronomical telescopes have associated with them certain requirements which cannot be effectively dealt with by applying standard design methods and parameters, since these drives differ in many ways from conventional power transmission gearing.
High-Resolution Observations at 408 and 5000 MHz of a Region near lII = 312°
Authors: Shaver P. A. , Goss W. M.
Published: July 2016

During the past year we have investigated 72 regions in the galactic plane at 408 and 5000 MHz using the Molonglo and Parkes radio telescopes, respectively.
The Use of Fabry-Perot Filters for Spectral Scanning
Authors: Waterworth M. D.
Published: July 2016

In designing a stellar spectrograph, it is pointless to exceed the resolving power necessary to obtain all the information from the spectrum of a star. This is limited mainly by atomic thermal motions, giving rise to the Doppler broadening of spectral lines, by turbulence and rotation of the stellar atmospheres in which the lines are formed, and by collisional broadening.
Radio Observations of the Structure of the Solar Corona
Authors: Sheridan K. V.
Published: July 2016

In this preliminary study the first two-dimensional pictures showing detailed features of the quiet Sun and weak but moderately stable structure at metre wavelengths are presented. The observations were made at 80 MHz with the Culgoora radioheliograph.
Scatter in the Positions of Sources of Associated Type III Solar Bursts
Authors: McLean D. J.
Published: July 2016

For a number of years the occurrence of isolated groups of apparently related type III bursts has been recognized as a common feature of the dynamic spectral records of solar radio emission at metre wavelengths. Interferometer observations supported the simple hypothesis that bursts of a group were usually located in the same position. In this note we report 80 MHz observations made with the Culgoora radioheliograph which show that although the sources of the bursts in a group tend to overlap one another, their centroids may show marked scatter and that their distribution tends to be along narrow lanes across the solar disk. Since the 80 MHz sources occur at heights (≳ 0.6 R⊙) near or above the plasma level, these lanes doubtless reflect some structural feature of the outer corona.
66 Oph—A Probable Early Type Flare Star
Authors: Page A. A. , Page B.
Published: July 2016

While monitoring Barnard’s star in Ophiuchus for flare activity in August 1969, we accidentally recorded two bright flares on an early type star, 66 Oph. Apart from Andrews’ unconfirmed observation of a flare on a B8 star and Eggen’s report of a flare on the β Cephei Variable, (BO) HD 199 140, no other record of an early type flare star is known to the authors.
Companions to RR Lyrae Variables
Authors: Jones D. H. P.
Published: July 2016

A powerful approach to the understanding of any group of stars is the study of any companion stars which can be shown to be physically connected. But RR Lyrae variables, in common with other members of Population II are deficient in physical pairs. Baize’s catalogue of variables with companions contains only one: CSV 1795 = ADS 9354 A. As far as can be determined no period or light curve has been published for this star and it remains doubtful whether it is an RR Lyrae variable.
Measurements of OH in Sagittarius A and B2
Authors: McGee R. X. , Gardner F. F. , Sinclair M. W.
Published: July 2016

We have measured the absorption spectra of the two principal lines of 018H at frequencies 1637 and 1639 MHz approximately in the directions of the sources Sgr A and Sgr B2. The use of 64 x 100 kHz filters enabled us to observe both lines simultaneously. The equipment and methods of observation and reduction are discussed by Gardner, McGee, and Sinclair.
Balloon Observations of a New-born X-Ray Source
Authors: Thomas R. M. , Buselli G. , Clancy M. C. , Davison P. J. N.
Published: July 2016

Conner et al. have reported the sudden emergence of a strong X-ray source at 3-12 keV in a position well removed from any previously known X-ray source. This source has been confirmed by Kitamura et al. We wish to report the results of an attempt to detect the source during a balloon flight made from Mildura, Australia, on 1969 August 25.
On the Interpretation of Weak Sources of Enhanced 80 MHz Emission in the
Solar Corona
Authors: Riddle A. C.
Published: July 2016

Recent two-dimensional observations of the quiet sun at 80 MHz by Sheridan showed a persistent low-intensity source (radio enhancement) whose daily motion was consistent with a source at radius 0.95 R® rotating with a synodic period of 27.3 d. In this paper we shall attempt to interpret this result in terms of the effects of refraction and opacity in model coronas. Comprehensive studies of the Sun at 169 MHz show that similar radio enhancements are associated with coronal streamers and that reasonable values for electron density and temperature within the coronal streamer allow the observations to be explained in terms of thermal radiation. Hence we shall consider only coronal models that possess streamer structure. We shall show that temperature enhancements within the streamer (‘thermal model’) do not lead to an apparent radius as small as that observed by Sheridan and that his observation may be better understood in terms of a non-thermal model for radiation from the streamer region.
Progress on the 150-Inch Anglo-Australian Telescope
Authors: Minnett H. C.
Published: July 2016

In April 1967 the British and Australian Governments agreed jointly to build and operate a 150-inch (3.8m) optical telescope on Siding Spring Mountain, 16 miles west of Coonabarabran, N.S.W., where the Australian National University has an established observatory. To direct the construction and subsequent operation of the new telescope it was decided to create a statutory authority to be known as the Anglo-Australian Telescope Board. Pending the formation of this board, the two Governments, acting through the Department of Education and Science in Canberra and the Science Research Council in London, set up a joint policy committee to initiate the project.
Extraterrestrial Civilizations
Authors: Ribes J. C. , Biraud F.
Published: July 2016

The subject of extraterrestrial civilizations is relevant to astronomy in two ways. Firstly, the very existence of life outside Earth is dependent upon the picture that astronomers can draw of the Universe, and we will see how that picture allows us to be very optimistic. Then, if we think that there are intelligent beings in space, the detection of signals from them is an astronomical problem, and we will see that it most probably concerns radio astronomers.
An Échelle Grating for the 74-inch Coudé
Authors: Butcher H. R.
Published: July 2016

As the night sky near Canberra grows brighter each year, many of the traditional areas of investigation at Mount Stromlo are suffering, and work in these fields is shifting to Siding Spring Mountain, near Coonabarabran, N.S.W. One of several projects designed to ensure the continued productivity of the 74-inch reflector at Mount Stromlo as conditions change has been the installation of an échelle grating system in the coudé focus of the telescope. This will allow very high dispersion work on bright stars, and should be littles affected by nearby city lights.
Pairs of Spherical Mirrors as Field Correctors for Paraboloid Mirrors
Authors: Rumsey N. J.
Published: July 2016

The paraboloid primary mirror of a classical reflecting telescope gives an image that is perfectly corrected for spherical aberration and free from chromatic aberration. However, the image suffers from coma, astigmatism and field curvature. These aberrations severely limit the usable field. For example, the primary mirror of the 200 inch telescope gives an acceptable image of a field with a diameter of only ~2’ arc.
Element Abundances in White Dwarfs of Spectral Type DF
Authors: Wegner G.
Published: July 2016

DF and DG white dwarfs are the only types which show metal lines (see Greenstein). Presently the only analysis is that of Weidemann who analyzed the star van Maanen 2 and found that the abundances of metals and hydrogen are the order of 10-3 and 10-2 that of solar, respectively. Bues finds H = 1 : 105 and Z = 2 × 10-4 for DB stars.
New OH Emission Sources
Authors: Robinson B. J. , Caswell J. L. , Goss W. M.
Published: July 2016

In 1966 McGee, Gardner and Robinson carried out an exploratory search at 1665 MHz for OH in 26 thermal sources in the southern Milky Way and reported emission in 12 sources. Subsequent measurements by Robinson, Goss and Manchester confirmed emission from six of these and detected four additional OH emitters.
Measurement of Optical Positions for Identified Radio Sources
Authors: Hunstead R. W.
Published: July 2016

The high radio positional accuracy now being achieved with long baseline interferometers, aperture-synthesis instruments and large filled-aperture telescopes makes the rapid and reliable processing of optical identifications essential. For some time now the customary approach for large surveys has been to carry out a search for possible radio-optical associations using the prints of the Palomar Sky Survey. Rough positions for optical counterparts have generally been estimated by interpolation within a small grid centred on the radio position. However, the final confirmation or rejection of the identifications has awaited spectroscopic or accurate positional data from one of the large optical telescopes, usually the 48-inch Schmidt or 200-inch reflector at Mt Palomar. It is becoming increasingly evident that not only is this process rather slow but it also means that preliminary interpretive work dealing with the identification content of a radio survey will be necessarily limited in scope.
Flare Induced Shocks and Corotating Streams in the Interplanetary Medium
Authors: Wiseman M. , Dennison P. A.
Published: July 2016

Geomagnetic storm sudden commencements (ssc) and sudden increases (si) can be caused by either a propagating discontinuity (i.e. a hydromagnetic shock or blast wave) in the interplanetary plasma or by the convection past the Earth of a discontinuity in the ambient solar plasma flow.