bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional Characterisation of Time-dependent Image Data: A Case Study for the Peripheral Nervous System in Ageing Mice
Authors: Weber Matthias , Wilhelm Thomas , Schmidt Volker
Published: July 2021

Segmentation of µm-resolution image data of irregularly shaped objects poses challenges to existing segmentation algorithms. This is especially true, when imperfections like noise, uneven lightning or traces of sample preparation are present in the image data. In this paper, considering electron micrographs of femoral quadriceps nerve sections of mice, a segmentation method to extract single axons surrounded by myelin sheaths is developed which is able to cope with various imperfections and artefacts. This approach successfully combines established methods like local thresholding and marker-based watershed transform to achieve a reliable segmentation of the given data. Indeed, the resulting segmentation map can be used to quantitatively determine geometrical characteristics of the axons and myelin sheaths. This is exemplified by modelling the joint probability distribution of axon area and myelin sphericity using a parametric copula approach, and by analysing the evolution of the model parameters for image data obtained from mice of different ages.
Renta rodzinna a adekwatność świadczeń z zabezpieczenia społecznego kobiet i mężczyzn w ustawowym wieku emerytalnym w Polsce
Authors: Ratajczak Joanna , Bartkowiak Marcin
Published: July 2021

Przedmiotem artykułu jest renta po zmarłym żywicielu w kontekście zabezpieczenia emerytalnego. Oznacza to, że zakres podmiotowy beneficjentów renty rodzinnej zostanie ograniczony do osób w wieku równym co najmniej minimalnemu wiekowi emerytalnemu, będących jedynymi beneficjentami tego świadczenia. Rencie wdowiej przypisywane są dwa cele: (1) ochrona przed ubóstwem osób, które pozostawały na utrzymaniu zmarłego, (2) utrzymanie dotychczasowego poziomu życia osób, wobec których zmarły miał obowiązek alimentacyjny. Wydaje się, analogicznie do celów zabezpieczenia emerytalnego, że pierwszy z nich można by zaliczyć do poziomu makro, a drugi do poziomu mikro. Oba te dążenia konstytuują adekwatność świadczeń zabezpieczenia finansowego (tu bazowego) w odniesieniu do osób starszych. Zadaniem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, w jakim stopniu renta rodzinna będzie przyczyniać się do realizacji celu adekwatności w przekroju płci w odniesieniu do emerytek i emerytów pobierających świadczenie z nowego systemu emerytalnego. W artykule wykorzystano dwa źródła danych empirycznych: zastane, publikowane lub udostępnione przez Zakład Ubezpieczeń Społecznych, oraz wyniki samodzielnie przeprowadzonej mikrosymulacji (20 tys. przypadków) w stosunku do świadczeń osób, których emerytura pochodzić będzie wyłącznie z tzw. nowego systemu emerytalnego. Podstawowy wniosek dotyczy tego, że dla osób pobierających świadczenie z bazowego systemu emerytalnego w pierwszym roku po przejściu na emeryturę renta rodzinna w bardzo ograniczonym stopniu wpływa na adekwatność świadczeń. Zdecydowanie ważniejszym instrumentem, także dla kobiet, jest emerytura minimalna.
Lignin-based polyurethane and epoxy
adhesives: a short review
Authors: dos Santos D.J. , Tavares L.B. , Gouveia J.R. , Batalha G.F.
Published: July 2021

Purpose: of this paper was to review and summarize significant papers related to the
development and characterization of lignin-containing adhesives: polyurethane and epoxy
types. In the last decades, several efforts have been dedicated on the development of
renewable raw materials for polymer synthesis, mainly due to petroleum depletion and
sustainability. In this context, lignin emerged as a potential candidate to substitute fossilbased
raw materials in adhesive synthesis and formulations.
Design/methodology/approach: Recent and other relevant papers were reviewed,
aiming to identify the main advantages and limitations involved in lignin incorporation into
epoxy and polyurethane adhesives formulations. First, effects of unmodified lignin addition
were presented. Afterwards, the main lignin chemical modification methods were presented
and discussed, based on thermomechanical results.
Findings: Incorporation of unmodified lignin usually is limited to 30 %wt., otherwise
mechanical properties are drastically affected as consequence of poor lignin solubility and
excessive brittleness. Lignin chemical modification can be used to increase the reactivity of
hydroxyl groups and/or add new moieties in its molecular structure, improving solubility and
thermomechanical properties of cured adhesives.
Practical implications: In the last years, some industrial plants started to operate and
produce technical grade lignin at industrial scale, with reproducible properties and controlled
molecular structure. Therefore, increasing efforts have been dedicated from researchers and
chemists to develop lignin-based technologies, in which this work can directly contribute with.
Originality/value: As consequence of the high content of phenol groups in its molecular
structure, lignin was mostly applied on the development of phenolic resins applied as wood
adhesives. For the first time in the literature, this work summarizes the advances related to
synthesis and characterization of polyurethane and epoxy, applied as adhesives. Results
can support the development and application of biobased, as well as contribute to the
revalorization of this valuable and readily available biomass.
Functional model for the synthesis of
nanostructures of the given quality level
Authors: Suchikova Y.O. , Kovachov S.S. , Shishkin G.O. , Pimenov D.O. , Lazarenko A.S. , Bondarenko V.V. , Bogdanov I.T.
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to develop a functional model for the synthesis of
nanostructures of the given quality level, which will allow to effectively control the process
of nanopatterning on the surface of semiconductors with tunable properties.
Design/methodology/approach: The paper uses the IDEF0 methodology, which
focuses on the functional design of the system under study and describes all the necessary
processes with an accuracy sufficient for an unambiguous modelling of the system's activity.
Based on this methodology, we have developed a functional model for the synthesis of
nanostructures of the given quality level and tested its effectiveness through practice.
Findings: The paper introduces a functional model for the synthesis of nanostructures on
the surface of the given quality level semiconductors and identifies the main factors affecting
the quality of nanostructures as well as the mechanisms for controlling the formation of
porous layers with tunable properties. Using the example of etching single-crystal indium
phosphide electrochemically in a hydrochloric acid solution, we demonstrate that the
application of the suggested model provides a means of forming nanostructures with
tunable properties, assessing the quality level of the nanostructures obtained and bringing
the parameters in line with the reference indicators at a qualitatively new level.
Research limitations/implications: Functional modelling using the IDEF0 methodology
is widely used when process control is required. In this study it has been applied to control
the synthesis of nanostructures of the given quality level on the surface of semiconductors.
However, these studies require continuation, namely, the establishment of correlations
between the technological and resource factors of synthesis and the acquired properties of
nanostructures.
Practical implications: This study has a significant practical effect. Firstly, it shows that
functional modelling can reduce the time required to form large batches of the given quality
level nanostructures. This has made it possible to substantiate the choice of the initial
semiconductor parameters and nanostructure synthesis modes in industrial production
from the theoretical and empirical perspective. Secondly, the presented methodology can
be applied to control the synthesis of other nanostructures with desired properties and to
reduce the expenses required when resources are depleted and the cost of raw materials
is high.
Originality/value: This paper is the first to apply the IDEF0 methodology to control the
given quality nanostructure synthesis. This paper will be of value to engineers who are
engaged in the synthesis of nanostructures, to researchers and scientists as well as to
students studying nanotechnology.
The effect of water vapor containing
hydrogenous atmospheres on the microstructure
and tendency to brittle fracture
of anode materials of YSZ–NiO(Ni) system
Authors: Kulyk V.V. , Vasyliv B.D. , Duriagina Z.A. , Kovbasiuk T.M. , Lemishka I.A.
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to estimate the tendency to brittle fracture of the
YSZ–NiO(Ni) anode cermet in a hydrogenous environment with various concentrations of
water vapor.
Design/methodology/approach: YSZ–NiO ceramic plates were fabricated by sintering
in an argon atmosphere. The treatment of material was performed in a hydrogenous
environment with various concentrations of water vapor. The strength test was performed
under three-point bending at 20°C in air. The microstructure and morphology of the fracture
surface of the specimens were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) Carl
Zeiss EVO-40XVP. The chemical composition was determined using an INCA ENERGY 350
spectrometer. Microhardness measurements were performed on a NOVOTEST TC-MKB1
microhardness tester. The configuration of the imprints and cracks formed was studied
on an optical microscope Neophot-21. The porosity of the materials was investigated by
analysing the SEM micrographs using the image processing technique.
Findings: Peculiarities of changes in the microstructure, the morphology of specimens
fracture surface, physical and mechanical characteristics of YSZ–NiO(Ni) material for solid
oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes of different preconditioning modes aged under various partial
pressures of water vapor in a hydrogenous environment are found.
Research limitations/implications: To study the actual behaviour of the YSZ–NiO(Ni)
anode material in the operating environment, it is necessary to evaluate its strength, Young’s
modulus, microhardness, and fracture toughness by changing with a certain step the partial
pressure of water vapor in the whole range noted in this work.
Practical implications: Based on the developed approach to assessing the propensity to
brittle fracture of the formed cermet microstructure, it is possible to obtain an anode material
that will provide the necessary functional properties of a SOFC.
Originality/value: An approach to estimating the propensity to brittle fracture of a
formed cermet structure is proposed based on the microhardness and fracture toughness
characteristics obtained by the Vickers indentation method.
Percepção de estudantes sobre PBL Online em cursos superiores do Instituto Federal da Bahia durante a pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Gomes Davy M. S. , Silva Luciano T. , Santos Rebeca dos , Silveira Fernanda , Santana Fernanda Castelo Branco , Luz Igo Amauri S.
Published: July 2021

Em março de 2020, a Organização Mundial de Saúde classificou o surto de contaminação pelo novo coronavírus como uma pandemia e, a partir da declaração, atividades consideradas não essenciais foram suspensas em todo o mundo. Uma das áreas que foi impactada foi a educação - com o fechamento das escolas e universidades, muitas instituições necessitaram inovar em suas práticas implantando o ensino remoto e o Instituto Federal da Bahia (IFBA) assim o fez através das Atividades De Ensino Não Presenciais Emergenciais, regulamentadas através de resolução própria. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a percepção dos estudantes de cursos superiores da área de computação do IFBA que participaram de atividades curriculares e extracurriculares executadas a partir da aplicação da metodologia Problem-Based Learning (PBL), uma metodologia ativa que adaptamos para ser aplicada em ambiente on-line. Será apresentada a compreensão dos estudantes a respeito de aspectos essenciais na experiência realizada, como aqueles relacionados à construção do problema, infraestrutura da execução e competências e habilidades desenvolvidas.
Como Ensinar Ciência da Computação para Crianças? Tendências e Lacunas de Pesquisa na Área
Authors: Santos Aline De S. M. dos , Pereira Wellington G. , França Rozelma Soares de
Published: July 2021

O ensino de computação na escola tem sido um tema cada vez mais discutido, sendo foco de políticas educacionais recentes. Em paralelo, estratégias e materiais didáticos para sua implementação também têm sido alvo de investigações. Neste contexto, este artigo busca lançar luz sobre como promover a computação no ensino fundamental a partir de uma revisão sistemática de literatura em bases nacionais e internacionais. A pesquisa se volta, especialmente, sobre os efeitos que a aplicação de atividades plugadas, desplugadas e híbridas podem proporcionar, apontando para tendências e lacunas que poderão ser cobertas por futuros trabalhos.
Ensino, Aprendizagem e Uso Profissional da UML em Maringá e Região
Authors: OliveiraJr Edson , Colanzi Thelma E. , Amaral Aline , Cordeiro André  F. R. , Choma Neto João , Souza Simone R. S.
Published: July 2021

A Unified Modeling Language (UML) tem sido ensinada em grande parte dos cursos de (pós-)graduação em Ciência da Computação, especialmente naqueles com ênfase em Engenharia de Software. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre o alinhamento entre como a UML tem sido ensinada e como ela tem sido utilizada na indústria de software. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de dois surveys: um com 23 docentes sobre como a UML tem sido ensinada em Instituições de Ensino Superior de Maringá e Região e um com 43 profissionais da mesma região sobre como a UML tem sido aprendida e usada na prática. Os resultados são discutidos e fornecem suposições e direções para melhorar o ensino de UML e atender às necessidades reais do mercado.
Formação Docente em Pensamento Computacional: Um Mapeamento Sistemático da Literatura
Authors: Almeida Adrianne Veras de , Almeida Adrielle Veras de , Araújo Fabíola Pantoja O.
Published: July 2021

O Pensamento Computacional é uma estratégia para resolução de problemas através da utilização de habilidades cognitivas na área da Ciência da Computação. Neste contexto, o artigo apresenta um mapeamento sistemático da literatura visando a identificação de contextos metodológicos e ferramentas usadas para aprendizagem do Pensamento Computacional para a formação continuada dos professores no Brasil. Verificou-se que a ferramenta Scratch e a computação desplugada são as estratégias mais utilizadas por meio de oficinas e cursos. Além disso, buscou-se elencar as principais instituições e regiões que mais publicaram sobre o tema, como também buscou-se identificar as principais dificuldades e as conclusões reportadas pelos autores dos estudos mapeados.
Comparação entre o panorama internacional e nacional sobre o Ensino e a Aprendizagem de Introdução à Programação no Ensino Superior
Authors: Medeiros Rodrigo Pessoa , Falcão Taciana Pontual , Ramalho Geber Lisboa
Published: July 2021

Disciplinas de introdução à programação fazem parte de currículos de vários cursos de graduação, porém ainda é difuso o entendimento sobre quais são, de fato, os principais problemas vivenciados por alunos e professores. Este estudo terciário tem como objetivo verificar em que medida os desafios de ensino e aprendizagem de introdução à programação no Brasil e no exterior estão alinhados, contribuindo para a definição de soluções adequadas ao contexto nacional. Para isso, foram analisadas duas revisões sistemáticas da literatura (RSL) sobre o tema - uma internacional e uma nacional. Os resultados indicam que a resolução de problemas em programação aparece como conceito crucial para a introdução à programação. Os estudos nacionais reforçam os conhecimentos de base como déficits importantes e ambas RSL reforçam a necessidade de estudos mais aprofundados nos métodos e ferramentas para o ensino de programação.
Das Mögliche als Kritik des Existierenden: Kritische Forschung in der Kommunikationswissenschaft und ein Beispiel kritischer Prozessforschung über die Entstehung und Entwicklung des Computers
Authors: Krotz Friedrich
Published: July 2021

Der Beitrag referiert zunächst kurz die insgesamt recht reduzierte gesellschaftskritische Forschung im Rahmen der deutschsprachigen Kommunikationswissenschaft in der zweiten Hälfte des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts, die eher wenig Spuren hinterlassen hat. Vorgeschlagen wird demgegenüber unter den heutigen Bedingungen der Mediatisierung und Digitalisierung, kritische Prozessforschung zu betreiben. Dafür wird auch ein Kritikbegriff eingeführt, der auf der Gegenüberstellung des Möglichen zum Existierenden beruht. Im zweiten Teil wird dazu ein ausführliches Beispiel für kritische Prozessforschung entwickelt, das die Entstehung des Computers von der Idee des Charles Babbage um 1840 und dessen Entwicklung und Verbreitung bis heute rekonstruiert. Der Apparat entstand für eine fabrikmäßig organisierte Datenverarbeitung im Kontext einer kapitalistisch orientierten Teilung geistiger Arbeit. Durch Miniaturisierung und Vernetzung werden die Milliarden Computer aber heute in den Büros und Haushalten primär als universelle Medien für Kommunikation und Information verwendet, wobei Nutzerinnen und Nutzer von der in der Regel gekauften Software und den Bedingungen der Netzkommunikation abhängig sind, die beide von den großen Internetunternehmen kontrolliert werden. Damit entsteht eine neue, gesamtgesellschaftliche Arbeitsteilung, denn die Nutzerinnen und Nutzer erzeugen unter eher intransparenten Bedingungen genau die Daten, die von den großen Internetunternehmen gesammelt, in ihren Computerfarmen und Supercomputern ausgewertet und an beliebige Unternehmen und auch den Staat verkauft oder weitergegeben werden. Damit können diese ihre Geschäftsmodelle umsetzen und nahezu uneingeschränkt Nutzerinnen und Nutzer beeinflussen und manipulieren. Insofern hat sich Babbages kapitalistisches Fabrikmodell in einem gesamtgesellschaftlichen Prinzip verwirklicht, bei dem die einen den anderen zuarbeiten, damit diese sie ausbeuten können. Insbesondere wird damit ein grundlegendes menschliches und unverzichtbares Potenzial, nämlich das des kommunikativen Handelns und der Symbolverarbeitung in einer neuen Weise kontrolliert und strukturiert. Beispielhaft werden dann im letzten Teilkapitel daraus resultierende mögliche mit den existierenden Nutzungsbedingungen verglichen und so eine Kritik dieser Entwicklungen erarbeitet.
The Rise and Fall of Kenyan Entrepreneurs
Authors: Voigt Maike
Published: July 2021

This book analyses middle-class enterprises in Kenya with special regard to their founders’ social mobility. Using concrete events, individual biographies and in-depth empirical material, Maike Voigt demonstrates how the interplay of personal and familial characteristics with larger political and economic trends determines individual social mobility. Methodologically innovative, ethnographically sound and with analytical clarity, this study highlights the short-term changes, insecurity and opportunities inherent in entrepreneurs’ life courses. It is a thought-provoking contribution to empirical and conceptual debates on social mobility, entrepreneurship and the rise and fall of the middle classes in contemporary African societies and beyond.
Loyalitätsobliegenheiten und Grundrechte
Authors: Morgenbrodt Kai
Published: July 2021

This thesis analyses dismissals of church employees from a European perspective. Based on ECHR and EU law, the author develops an approach that balances the right of self-determination of religious communities with the fundamental rights of employees. At the heart of this approach sits the function of the employee in the employer’s religious sending. Against this background, the German Constitutional Court’s case law is challenged. It fails to strike a fair balance between the conflicting constitutional interests. Moreover, it structurally fosters discrimination, undercuts the minimum level of human rights protection and offers inadequate solutions for labour standards in religious communities in times of a religiously pluralised society.
Sperrverfügungen gegen Internet Service Provider
Authors: Thomé Philipp
Published: July 2021

The book deals with the possibility to require access providers to block infringing internet offers, which is stipulated in the EU by directives. However, with the 3rd TMGÄndG (Telemedia Act Amendment Act), the German legislator abolished the only national legal basis for claims against access providers and only created a new basis for claims for WiFi providers. Approaches to avert the illegality of the German law under EU law are examined. The preferable approach is compared with English and Australian law, both of which have years of practical experience. The comparison reveals problems in the emerging application in German law.
Fake News im Wahlkampf
Authors: Flint Jessica
Published: July 2021

The urgency of regulating fake news on social networks regarding election campaigns is more evident than ever. This poses considerable difficulties for legislative practice. It is important to consider the fundamental rights of the parties involved without the state's influence on the formation of public opinion becoming too great. The current options of reacting to fake news do not suffice to ensure a free opinion-forming process. This publication makes an innovative proposal as to how social networks – especially Facebook – can be regulated in the future in such a way that the discourse is strengthened and the alarming influence of private companies on the formation of opinion is limited.
Taxonomic revision of the genus Elmomorphus Sharp, 1888 I. Japanese and Korean species (Coleoptera: Dryopidae)
Authors: Kodada Ján , Selnekovič Dávid , Jäch Manfred A. , Goffová Katarína , Vďačný Peter
Published: July 2021

The species of Elmomorphus Sharp, 1888 occurring in Japan and Korea are redescribed and illustrated: E. brevicornis Sharp, 1888 (Japan, Korea) and E. amamiensis Nomura, 1959 (Japan). The standard barcoding fragment of the mitochondrial gene coding for cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was sequenced and used together with morphological characters to delimit the taxonomic boundaries of the two species. To assess their morphometric variation, eight morphometric characters were measured and statistically evaluated using principal component analysis. The two species of Elmomorphus formed distinct and well-separated clusters in the COI tree. Their interspecific divergence is very high, ranging from 22.7 to 23.9%. On the other hand, morphometric characters, including those previously presumed to be diagnostic, overlap and per se do not allow unambiguous species identification. Reliable morphological distinguishing characters are described for males and females. Molecular data along with the morphological evidence strongly confirm the species status of E. amamiensis. An identification key to the Japanese and Korean species is provided.
Balanço hídrico e classificação climática de thornthwaite do bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS
Authors: Werlang Mauro Kumpfer , Werlang Elisa Piccolo
Published: July 2021

Para o desenvolvimento das atividades humanas, o conhecimento detalhado das condições climáticas assume fundamental importância. Entretanto, em muitas áreas há carência de informações sobre o assunto. No sentido de aumentar a disponibilidade de informações em relação ao tema, utilizando-se dados de precipitação, temperatura e evapotranspiração potencial, o trabalho tem como objetivo estabelecer o balanço hídrico e a classificação climática de Thornthwaite do bairro Camobi no município de Santa Maria, RS. A metodologia seguiu o cálculo do balanço hídrico proposto por Thornthwaite (1948) e aperfeiçoado por Thornthwaite e Mather em 1955. Utilizaram-se dados obtidos no do período 2010 a 2017 e, como referência, a capacidade de água disponível (CAD) igual a 100 mm. A média mensal da temperatura do ar foi 19,48°C e da precipitação 145,99 mm, enquanto a evapotranspiração anual foi 880,1 mm e, 835,5 mm o excesso hídrico. A média para a precipitação anual foi 1.752 mm. No período analisado houve excesso de água no solo, representando 0,48 vezes a precipitação anual, com a evapotranspiração concentrada no verão. Foi obtida a fórmula climática B3rB’3a’, tratando-se de clima úmido, com deficiência de água pequena ou nula, mesotérmico e concentração da eficiência termal no verão.
Distribuição espacial e propriedades morfológicas de depressões fechadas e cabeceiras de drenagem na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Guassupi, Rio Grande do Sul Brasil
Authors: Guareschi Vinicius Duarte , Nummer Andrea Valli , Sccoti Anderson Augusto Volpato
Published: July 2021

O Planalto das Araucárias no Rio Grande do Sul registra uma variedade de feições geomorfológicas que se apresentam na paisagem como concavidades fechadas e circulares, outras rasas, quase fechadas, com formato arredondado ou alongado, algumas mostrando ramificações, outras mais extensas e entalhadas com forma circular em anfiteatro. O objetivo do trabalho é identificar e mapear as depressões fechadas e as cabeceiras, bem como averiguar a sua relação com a declividade, hipsometria, litologia e lineamentos morfoestruturais. A área de estudo compreende a bacia hidrográfica do rio Guassupi, no Planalto das Araucárias no Rio Grande do Sul, em rochas vulcânicas básicas e ácidas da formação Serra Geral. O mapeamento das depressões fechadas e cabeceiras de drenagem e a extração dos lineamentos morfoestruturais foram realizados através do banco de imagens de satélite do Basemap. As feições foram classificadas em quatro categorias de acordo com a suas propriedades morfológicas: Depressões Fechadas, localizadas nas porções mais planas do terreno em altitudes superiores a 400 metros. As Cabeceiras em Divisor estão localizadas próximas dos divisores d’água em altitudes superiores a 490 m e declividades de suas vertentes acima de 5%, presentes no domínio das rochas ácidas. Já as Concavidades Rasas ocupam o domínio das rochas ácidas em cotas altimétricas superiores a 400 m nas porções planas do topo do Planalto. As Depressões em Fundo de Vale constituem-se em grandes áreas deprimidas com fundo plano situadas sobre as rochas ácidas. Constatou-se que as feições desenvolvem-se principalmente nos cruzamentos entre os grupos de lineamentos de direção SE e NE e são mais presentes nas rochas ácidas da Fácies Caxias.
Mapeamento ambiental participativo e matriz SWOT/FOFA enquanto práticas de gestão e educação ambiental com ênfase em recursos hídricos
Authors: Castello Branco Junior Armando , Sampaio Tainá Marques , Farias Ana Karoline Silva Rocha , Miranda Kayra Helena Freitas , Souza Lorraine Lacerda de , Peçanha Neto João Lemes , Rodrigues Stela Ferreira
Published: July 2021

A água é um dos recursos naturais mais degradados. A solução deste problema envolve questões técnicas e educacionais. O diagnóstico de cenários e o planejamento do uso do solo além da recuperação de áreas degradadas são algumas das ações técnicas.  Do ponto de vista educacional, depende não só de informação e conhecimento mas também de uma consciência ambiental ativa e coletiva. O objetivo do presente trabalho é a aplicação de duas ferramentas para realizar atividades de educação e diagnóstico ambiental junto à comunidade de quatro municípios do Pontal do Triângulo Mineiro. As ferramentas utilizadas foram o Mapeamento Ambiental Participativo e a Matriz SWOT/FOFA. Os resultados relevaram a percepção e visão críticas da comunidade participante em termos ambientais. Foram gerados mapas com grande riqueza de informações sobre aspectos ambientais relacionados aos recursos hídricos dos municípios e planos de ação focando tanto a melhoria de fragilidades ambientais como a manutenção das fortalezas elencadas pelos participantes. O uso dessas ferramentas se mostrou eficiente tanto para a promoção da consciência ambiental como também gerou dados para contribuir com a gestão dos recursos hídricos do município.
SARS-CoV-2 infecting endothelial cells, biochemical alterations, autopsy findings and outcomes in COVID-19, suggest role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1
Authors: Ambade Vivek , Ambade Sonia
Published: July 2021

Researchers around the world have experienced the dual nature of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), 'tragically lethal in some people while surprisingly benign in others'. There have been congregating studies of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a disease that mainly attacks the lungs but also has mystifying effects on the heart, kidneys and brain. Researchers are also gathering information to ascertain why people are dying of COVID-19, whether it is solely a respiratory disorder, a coagulation disorder or multi-organ failure. Alterations in laboratory parameters like lactate, ferritin and albumin have been established as risk factors and are associated with outcomes, yet none have not been sub stantiated with a scientific biochemical rationale. SARSCoV-2 affects the alveolar type II epithelial cells which significantly disturbs its surfactant homeostasis, deprives Na,K-ATPase of ATP, thereby disturbing the alveolar lining fluid which then gradually decreases the alveolar gaseous exchange initiating the intracellular hypoxic conditions. This activates AMP-activated kinase, which further inhibits Na,K-ATPase, which can progressively cause respiratory distress syndrome. The virus may infect endothelial cell (EC) which, being less energetic, cannot withstand the huge energy requirement towards viral replication. There - fore glycolysis, the prime energy generating pathway, must be mandatorily upregulated. This can be achieved by Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). However, HIF-1 also activates transcription of von Willebrand factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and suppresses the release of thrombomodulin. This in turn sets off the coagulation cascade that can lead to in-situ pulmonary thrombosis and micro clots. The proposed HIF-1 hypothesis justifies various features, biochemical alteration, laboratory as well as autopsy findings such as respiratory distress syndrome, increased blood ferritin and lactate levels, hypoalbuminemia, endothelial invasion, in-situ pulmonary thrombosis and micro clots, and multi-organ failure in COVID-19.
En route to performance-oriented architecture: The research centre for architecture and tectonics: Integrating architectural education with research by design along a practice-oriented perspective
Authors: Hensel Michael , Sørensen Søren
Published: July 2021

This article examines the development of the integrative and interdisciplinary approach to research by design in architecture pursued at the Research Centre for Architecture and Tectonics (RCAT). RCAT constitutes the primary research environment of the Institute of Architecture at the Oslo School of Architecture and Design and focuses on an extensive scope of research activities related to architecture and the built environment that are geared towards the development of a comprehensive approach to performance-oriented architecture. This involves specific ways of integrating architectural education and research, in particular research by design, to support the development of related knowledge, concepts, methods and frequently also the production of reliable empirical data, engaging real-life design problems and seeking interaction with practice. Advanced computational design underpins a lot of the research, as well as scaled and full-scale construction.
Constructing adaptive ecologies: Towards a behavioural model for architecture
Authors: Spyropoulos Theodore
Published: July 2021

György Kepes once proclaimed, 'In our new conceptual models of nature, the stable, solid world of substance, which in the past was considered permanent and preordained, is understood as widely dispersed fields of dynamic energies. Matter - the tangible, visible, stable substance in the old image of the physical world - is recast today as an invisible Web of nuclear events with orbiting electrons jumping from orbit to orbit." The fixed and finite tendencies that once served to categorise the natural and the man-made worlds have been rendered obsolete. Today the intersections of information, life and matter display complexities that suggest the possibility of a much deeper synthesis. Within this context, however, architecture is being forced to radically refactor its response to new social and cultural challenges and an accelerated process of urbanisation. Architecture today must participate and engage with the information-rich environments that are shaping our lives by constructing computational frameworks that will allow for change, embracing a demand for adaptive models for living. Our approach to addressing these challenges explores a systemic form of interaction that engages behavioural features that are polyscalar, allowing biodiverse networks to operate between urban contexts, buildings and materials. An intimate correlation of material and computational interaction allows for the emergence of a generative time-based behavioural model of living, where the interplay of local agency and environmental stimulus constructs collective orders. Unlike most manmade structures, the architectures of these structures are not embedded in a blueprint, but rather are correlated operations governed through emerging collective interaction.
Operative differences: Eisenman, Tafuri and the lesson of Piranesi
Authors: Mastrigli Gabriele , Toti Alessandro
Published: July 2021

Peter Eisenman is an architect. His field of action, although related to a multiform set of interests, is the investigation of the theoretical foundation of the architectural discipline. Architecture, as an artefact as well as a project, can be seen as the most evident representation of the traditional opposition of Western metaphysics: absence and presence. The task of the architect, according to Eisenman, is therefore to intervene analytically in this dialectical condition and make it operable. From this point of view, Eisenman's approach to the discipline - as well as his entire, lifelong architectural journey - is observed in the light of the work of Giovanni Battista Piranesi. Going beyond the critique made by the Italian architecture historian Manfredo Tafuri, Eisenman explored the possibility of a new interpretation of the dialectic between positive and negative, electing the notion of ground as the very place of this opposition. The Berlin Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe offers the final representation of this dialectic, opening it to a further, unparalleled working field.
Atmospheric dimensions of architecture
Authors: Karabašević Anđela
Published: July 2021

This paper proposes four methodological tools for investigating architectural atmospheres: objective experience, holistic measure, computational simulation and atmospheric visualization. These tools have emerged from a broader PhD research agenda based on the hypothesis that ephemeral effects of light, heat, sound, odor, carried on or in the air, present a scientific basis for precise construction of atmospheres in architecture. By describing my own atmospheric methodology over a series of individual case studies, I will argue that architectural atmospheres can be scientifically investigated and precisely constructed, and that atmospheric approach to architectural research and design offers new invaluable knowledge about the invisible aerial behaviors that determine basic human experience of space.
A cosmopolitan manual in decolonizing Africa: Fry&Drew's tropical architecture in the dry and humid zones
Authors: Galli Jacopo
Published: July 2021

Edwin Maxwell FRY and Jane Drew are best known for their role in the construction of Chandigarh alongside Le Corbusier, however, their Indian experience was proceeded by a long career in West Africa that began during WWII and lasted until the end of the 50's. Fry&Drew were active in Ghana and Nigeria constructing an impressive amount of buildings: schools, universities, houses, villages, office buildings and museums. Their on-site experience was conceptualized in the book Tropical Architecture in the Dry and Humid Zones published in its final version in 1964. This paper aims to analyze the manual as an attempt to establish a cosmopolitan and modern design system specific for the tropical areas. An experimental and scientific approach that saw in climatic data a tool in the creation of a new rootedness of modern architecture not based on cultural analysis or vernacular reinterpretation but on the complex analysis of local conditions in order to provide inhabitants with suitable design solutions. Tropical Architecture in the Dry and Humid Zones as a manifesto of a regionalist modernism, two apparently opposite terms that find a reconciliation in a design system that seeks to build a new cosmopolitan modernity.
Understanding the Real World: Sweaty Jo
Authors: Brown Jill P.
Published: July 2021

Mathematics can be used to show why babies should never be left alone in a hot car.
Developing Spatial Skills through Mental Rotation Activities
Authors: Shriki Atara , Patkin Dorit
Published: July 2021

Success in STEM fields depends largely on robust spatial skills, in particular on the ability to perform a mental rotation. Given that this ability can be nurtured, this article includes examples of diverse relevant tasks appropriate for grades 6–8 students.
Morphometric measurements of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis)(L., 1758) in Lithuania
Authors: Lukošiūtė Karolina , Brimaitė Monika , Pikūnienė Alma , Krugelis Ramūnas , Paulauskas Algimantas
Published: July 2021

In Lithuania, the number of European pond turtles Emys orbicularis decreased between 1975 and 2010, but increased significantly between 2010 and 2014, when the LIFE project was implemented. During this project, an ecological network was created, habitats were restored in protected areas, and European pond turtle nesting areas were protected from predators. Very few morphometric measurements of European pond turtles are carried out in Lithuania. The purpose of this study was to perform morphometric measurements, assess migration, spread, and morphometric size variation. Morphometric measurements of juvenile European pond turtles showed that the morphometric indicators depended on the place of habitation: males from Juodabalė Zoological Reserve (Meteliai Regional Park) are smaller than females. Also, female turtles from Meteliai Regional Park are larger than both males and females from Kučiuliškė Herpetological Reserve. When comparing the morphometric indicators of males and females at ten months of age, sexual dimorphism is already observed: the shell height, the width of the head, carapace, and plastron of a females are already bigger than those of males.
Failed Family Sagas
Authors: Pelayo-Sañudo Eva
Published: July 2021

The aim of this article is to examine how failed family sagas have defined early Italian/American culture and female literary tradition through Julia Savarese’s The Weak and the Strong (1952) and Marion Benasutti’s No Steady Job for Papa (1966). The idea of failed (female) lineages is articulated in a thematic sense that is overtly expressed in the depiction of both families in the texts. These convey a doomed plot which matches the coarse realities of immigration and the depression, as well as reflects the boundaries represented by the intersecting limitations of embodying racial and gender difference. Particularly, the article focuses on how male lineage is paramount in the novels and define Italian/American culture. In this sense, the analysis also contends that, as the authors themselves also encountered similar limitations, the lost genealogy of these early precursors has equally endangered the Italian/American female literary tradition.
Model of operational control of discrete event logistics systems (DELS)
Authors: Sprock Timothy , Bock Conrad
Published: July 2021

Operations management systems manage flows of work, resources, and information through production and logistics systems, ensuring the correct and efficient execution of requested work. These systems can leverage recent advances in data availability, analytical capabilities, and industrial automation to substantially improve overall system performance. Additional improvements include streamlining flows of work, resources, and information across functionally heterogeneous components of production and logistics systems, which often have their own planning, execution, and data management systems. These smart manufacturing capabilities may simplify system implementation and improve its operation. However, they also introduce additional complexity to the system and design process. This paper proposes a model of operational control capable of supporting an integrated approach to design, analysis, and operation across functionally heterogeneous systems, classified as discrete event logistics systems. The model identifies and formalizes operational control decision-making and actuation functions required by these systems. It then provides logical modeling components that can be reused, specialized, and assembled into operational control system models. These models can be linked and integrated with other models and views of the system as part of an overall model-based engineering effort.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING FOR THE ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR DUE TO AN EDUCATIONAL INNOVATION VIA COMPARTMENTAL ANALYSIS
Authors: DAVIZON CASTILLO YASSER , FÉLIX HERRÁN LUIS CARLOS , FERNANDEZ LOPEZ ROSALBA , BENITEZ BALTAZAR VICTOR , SAID ALEJANDRO , RAMIREZ MENDOZA RICARDO A.
Published: July 2021

This technical note presents the mathematical modeling for the organizational behavior in a university, considering a technological educational innovation. This by applying compartmental analysis, considering the impact at strategic, tactical, and operational levels.

Keywords: Mathematical modeling; Stability analysis; Compartmental analysis; Organizational behavior; Educational innovation
Путеви хришћанске инкултурације у Индији
Authors: Голијанин Ведран
Published: July 2021

Христијанизација Индије, започета у првим вековима хришћанства, процес је који се одвија и данас. Употреба индијске философије, теологије, културних и религијских симбола у хришћанском теолошком контексту постала је, након векова европске импози- ције, нормативна у скоро свим хришћанским деноминацијама које имају своје упориште у Индији. Аутор износи преглед неколико најинтересантнијих примера хришћанске ин- културације у Индији у новијој историји, с циљем упознавања српске теолошке мисли са плодовима индијске мисије.
Обнова православне црквене музике у наше вријеме
Authors: Учур Драган
Published: July 2021

Православно појање у служби је богослужења и литургијског живота. Тради- ционално црквено појање у Срба опстало је током вијекова, а његовим записивањем и хармонизацијом бавили су се најистакнутији српски композитори 19. и 20. вијека. Другу половину прошлог вијека, дакле вријеме социјалистичке Југославије обиљежило је за- постављање црквеног појања и званична забрана рада хорова који су дјеловали у оквиру националних културних друштава. Тек са падом комунизма и јачањем црквеног живота обновљен је рад старих хорова или су основани нови. Савремени српски композитори компонују духовну музику, обраћајући се традицији Мокрањца, Христића и Тајчевића. За стручно школовање црквених појаца и диригената немјерљиву важност има оснивање Одсјека за црквену музику и појање на Музичкој академији у Источном Сарајеву, чиме су остварени планови који сежу још у период између два свјетска рата.
„Крв његова на нас и нашу дјецу“ (Мт 27, 25) – могућност једне филојудејске егзегезе
Authors: Топаловић Владислав
Published: July 2021

Мт 27, 25 спада у текстове који чине камен спотицања у дијалогу јудејства и хришћанства. Аутор тежи да укаже на некоректност и опасност антијудејског и анти- семитског тумачења Мт 27, 25. С тим циљем, наведене ријечи посматра кроз историјски контекст, који чини ситуација у Цркви, у чијем је миљеу Јеванђеље по Матеју настало, ана- лизира одређене изразе који се у тексту користе и врши упоређивање са изразима упот- ријебљеним у паралелним синоптичким текстовима и остатку Новога завјета. Такође, на- прављен је осврт на историју тумачења наведеног текста и на коментаре који су се сматра- ли антијудејским. Текст показује да је неоправдано антијудејско читање Мт 27, 25. Такође, неоправдана су и једнострана читања појединих патристичких коментара овога текста у којима се препознаје антијудаизам. Мт 27, 23 је текст који је и те како могуће тумачити као израз перспективе за јудејство, а не као израз антијудаизма.
Single-Stage Operational Transconductance Amplifier Design in UTBSOI Technology Based on gm/Id Methodology
Authors: Uddin Ahmed Rekib , Akshay Vijaykumar Eklare , Saha Prabir
Published: July 2021

The downscaling of complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor (CMOS) technology is approaching its limits imposed by short-channel effects (SCE), thereby multi-gate MOSFETs have been proposed to extend the scalability. Ultrathin-body silicon-on-insulator (UTBSOI) transistor is one of the dual-gated devices which offers better immunity towards SCEs. In this paper, two designs have been proposed for single-stage operational transconductance amplifiers (OTA) using the CMOS and UTBSOI. The CMOS based OTA (CMOS-OTA) has been designed where sizing (W/L) of the constituting MOSFETs have been evaluated through gm/Id methodology and the same OTA topology has been simulated using UTBSOI (UTBSOI-OTA) considering the same W/L. The DC simulation is carried out over the BSIM3v3 model to store the operating point parameters in the form of graphical models. The mathematical expressions for performance specifications have been applied over the graphical models to evaluate the required W/L. Individual comparisons between the two proposed designs have also been carried out for further applications. Based on simulation results at the schematic level, the UTBSOI-OTA has higher DC gain of 33.26% and lesser power consumption of 2.81% over the CMOS-OTA. Moreover, comparative analysis of performance parameters like DC gain and common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR), have been compared with the best-reported paper so far. In addition to this, the UTBSOI-OTA has been applied to practical integrator circuits for further verification.
Editor’s Column
Authors: Knezic Mladen
Published: July 2021

THE first issue of Electronics journal in June 2020 brings one review paper, which covers the application of swarm optimization algorithms in the field of photovoltaic systems control, and four regular papers reporting original research results in the field of analog and digital electronics, image processing, and electronics materials and technologies.