bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystallography of low Z material at ultrahigh pressure: Case study on solid hydrogen
Authors: Ji Cheng , Li Bing , Liu Wenjun , Smith Jesse S. , Björling Alexander , Majumdar Arnab , Luo Wei , Ahuja Rajeev , Shu Jinfu , Wang Junyue , Sinogeikin Stanislav , Meng Yue , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Greenberg Eran , Xu Ruqing , Huang Xianrong , Ding Yang , Soldatov Alexander , Yang Wenge , Shen Guoyin , Mao Wendy L. , Mao Ho-Kwang
Published: April 2020

Diamond anvil cell techniques have been improved to allow access to the multimegabar ultrahigh-pressure region for exploring novel phenomena in condensed matter. However, the only way to determine crystal structures of materials above 100 GPa, namely, X-ray diffraction (XRD), especially for low Z materials, remains nontrivial in the ultrahigh-pressure region, even with the availability of brilliant synchrotron X-ray sources. In this work, we perform a systematic study, choosing hydrogen (the lowest X-ray scatterer) as the subject, to understand how to better perform XRD measurements of low Z materials at multimegabar pressures. The techniques that we have developed have been proved to be effective in measuring the crystal structure of solid hydrogen up to 254 GPa at room temperature [C. Ji et al., Nature 573, 558–562 (2019)]. We present our discoveries and experiences with regard to several aspects of this work, namely, diamond anvil selection, sample configuration for ultrahigh-pressure XRD studies, XRD diagnostics for low Z materials, and related issues in data interpretation and pressure calibration. We believe that these methods can be readily extended to other low Z materials and can pave the way for studying the crystal structure of hydrogen at higher pressures, eventually testing structural models of metallic hydrogen.
Genetic monitoring of southern hairy-nosed wombats over two decades reveals that individuals can live for at least 18 years in the same warrens
Authors: Walker Faith M. , Upton Jordyn R. , Sobek Colin J. , Taggart David A. , Gaughwin Matthew D.
Published: April 2020

Survival and growth rates are important demographic parameters to understand for long-term management of populations. Eighteen years have elapsed since non-invasive genetic methods were used to identify southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons), and determine space use and relatedness at Brookfield Conservation Park, South Australia. Because the species is long-lived (>30 years) and genetic methods can identify all or most wombats that use an area, it is possible to determine whether population size or warren use have changed and if any individuals are still alive. To this end, in April 2017 we collected hair from wombats from the same warrens as the earlier study using sticky tape suspended across burrows. We subjected DNA from selected hairs to 10 microsatellite loci and a Y-linked sex marker, and identified 76 wombats. Five wombats were detected 16–18 years before, and four of them were found in warrens that they had used previously. The number of tapes hit, wombats detected, and warrens used were greater than in April 2001 and similar to September 2001. This study illustrates that non-invasive sampling methods can be used to track free-ranging individuals in continuous habitat across decades, despite rapidly evolving genetic technology that can strand older datasets.
Anatomical aspects of xeromorphy in arid-adapted plants of Australia
Authors: Dörken V. M. , Ladd P. G. , Parsons R. F.
Published: April 2020

Plants from arid environments have some of the most diverse morphological and anatomical modifications of any terrestrial plants. Most perennials are classified as xerophytes, and have structures that limit water loss during dry weather, provide structural support to help prevent cell collapse during dry periods or store water in photosynthetic tissues. Some of these traits are also found in sclerophyllous plants and traits that may have developed due to evolution of taxa on nutrient poor soils may also benefit the plants under arid conditions. We examined the morpho-anatomical features of photosynthetic organs of three tree and four shrub species with reduced leaves or photosynthetic stems that occur in arid or semiarid sites in Australia to see if there were patterns of tissue formation particularly associated with xeromorphy. In addition, we reviewed information on succulent and resurrection species. In the tree species (Callitris spp.) with decurrent leaves clothing the stems, the close association between the water transport system and stomata, along with anisotropic physiology would allow the species to fix carbon under increasingly dry conditions in contrast to more broad-leaved species. The shrub species (Tetratheca species and Glischrocaryon flavescens) with photosynthetic stems had extensive sclerenchyma and very dense chlorenchyma. The lack of major anatomical differences between leafless species of Tetratheca from arid areas compared with more mesic sites indicates that quite extreme morphological modifications may not exclude species from growing successfully in competition with species from less arid areas. The sclerophyll flora now characteristic of Australian vegetation from seasonally arid climates may have evolved during mesic times in the past but with relatively minor modifications was able to adjust to the gradually drying climate of much of Australia up to the present time.
Frequency tunable resonant magnetoelectric sensors for the detection of weak magnetic field
Authors: Su Jingxiang , Niekiel Florian , Fichtner Simon , Kirchhof Christine , Meyners Dirk , Quandt Eckhard , Wagner Bernhard , Lofink Fabian
Published: April 2020

This paper reports on frequency tunable MEMS magnetoelectric (ME) sensors. Different designs are studied in respect to ME voltage coefficient and frequency tunability. Compared to state-of-the-art ME sensors, the presented ME resonators display a highly reversible and linear frequency tuning, enabled by applying a DC voltage to piezoelectric actuators. A frequency shift of up to 0.2 Hz V−1 is demonstrated for a sensor with a limit of detection of 128 pT/Hz0.5 at resonance frequency of 13 kHz. This sensor type is of particular interest for vector field sensors and sensor arrays in bio-magnetic applications, where sensors with either identical resonance frequencies or precisely defined frequency spacing are required.
Optimal resource allocation for network functionality
Authors: Patron Amikam , Cohen Reuven
Published: April 2020

The traditional approach to network robustness, is based on comparing network parameters before and after an event of nodes removal, such as the change in network diameter, the change in giant component size and the existence of giant component. Compared to the traditional approach, there is a later and innovative approach to network robustness, where the network functionality during its entire life span (during the node removal event) is considered. This approach considers nodes removal due toaging—non functionality of nodes when their survival time duration—theirlifetime—is passed. Accordingly, a problem that has to be solved is: in the network design stage, how to allocate a budget of lifetime between the network’s nodes, such that the network functionality during all the stages of nodes removal due to aging, is maximized. To date, the problem has been solved only partially and numerically. In this paper we solve the problem analytically. Based on a local information only on the network’s degree distributionpkwithout knowing the network’s structure and topology, we derive a criterion for choosing the right set of nodes on which the total lifetime budget should be allocated, and find analytically the optimal way of allocating the lifetime budget between the chosen set’s nodes, such that the network robustness with consideration to its functionality in the entire life span, is maximized.
Exciton optical absorption in asymmetric ZnO/ZnMgO double quantum wells with mixed phases*
Authors: Han Zhi-Qiang , Song Li-Ying , Zan Yu-Hai , Ban Shi-Liang
Published: April 2020

The optical absorption of exciton interstate transition in Zn1 − xl
Mg
xl
O/ZnO/Zn1 − xc
Mg
xc
O/ZnO/Zn1 − xr
Mg
xr
O asymmetric double quantum wells (ADQWs) with mixed phases of zinc-blende and wurtzite in Zn1 − x
Mg
x
O for 0.37 < x < 0.62 is discussed. The mixed phases are taken into account by our weight model of fitting. The states of excitons are obtained by a finite difference method and a variational procedure in consideration of built-in electric fields (BEFs) and the Hartree potential. The optical absorption coefficients (OACs) of exciton interstate transition are obtained by the density matrix method. The results show that Hartree potential bends the conduction and valence bands, whereas a BEF tilts the bands and the combined effect enforces electrons and holes to approach the opposite interfaces to decrease the Coulomb interaction effects between electrons and holes. Furthermore, the OACs indicate a transformation between direct and indirect excitons in zinc-blende ADQWs due to the quantum confinement effects. There are two kinds of peaks corresponding to wurtzite and zinc-blende structures respectively, and the OACs merge together under some special conditions. The computed result of exciton interband emission energy agrees well with a previous experiment. Our conclusions are helpful for further relative theoretical studies, experiments, and design of devices consisting of these quantum well structures.
Point-contact spectroscopy on antiferromagnetic Kondo semiconductors CeT2Al10 (T = Ru and Os)*
Authors: Li Jie , Che Li-Qiang , Le Tian , Zhang Jia-Hao , Sun Pei-Jie , Takabatake Toshiro , Lu Xin
Published: April 2020

We have carried out point-contact spectroscopy (PCS) measurements on one family of antiferromagnetic Kondo semiconductor CeT
2Al10 (T = Ru and Os) with a Nèel temperature T
N ∼ 27.5 and 28.5 K, respectively. Their PCS conductance curves both exhibit a characteristic coherent double-peak-structure at temperatures below T
N, signaling an AFM gap around the Fermi surface. The temperature dependent AFM gap Δ
1 follows a Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS)-like mean-field behavior with a moderate gap anisotropy for PCS along different crystal axes. Another asymmetric gap-like feature is observed for both compounds at temperatures far below T
N, which is consistent with opening of a new hybridization gap Δ
h inside the long-range ordered AFM state. Our results suggest a common itinerant nature of the anomalous AFM ordering, constraining theoretical models to explain the AFM origin in CeRu2Al10 and CeOs2Al10.
Dynamics of scalar fields in an expanding/contracting cosmos at finite temperature *
Authors: Xu Hui , Ming Lei , Cheung Yeuk-Kwan E.
Published: April 2020

This study extends the investigation of quantum dissipative effects of a cosmological scalar field by taking into account cosmic expansion and contraction. Cheung, Drewes, Kang, and Kim calculated the effective action and quantum dissipative effects of a cosmological scalar field in a recent work, where analytical expressions for the effective potential and damping coefficient were presented using a simple scalar model with quartic interactions, and the work was conducted using Minkowski-space propagators in loop diagrams. In this work, we incorporate the Hubble expansion and contraction of the cosmic background and focus on the thermal dynamics of a scalar field in a regime where the effective potential changes slowly. Given that the Hubble parameter, H, attains a small but non-zero value, we carry out calculations to the first order in H. If we set H = 0, all results match those in flat spacetime. Interestingly, we must integrate over the resonances, which in turn leads to an amplification of the effects of a non-zero H. This is an intriguing phenomenon, which cannot be uncovered in flat spacetime. The implications on particle creations in the early universe will be studied in a forthcoming study.
Shielding effects in fusion reactions with a proton-halo nucleus *
Authors: He Xue-ying , Dong Qin , Ou Li
Published: April 2020

To explain the experimental observation that the fusion cross-section of a proton-halo nucleus with a heavy target nucleus is not enhanced as expected, the shielding hypothesis was proposed, where the proton-halo nucleus is polarized and the valence proton shielded by the core. In the frame of the improved quantum molecular dynamics model, the fusion reaction 17F on 208Pb around the Coulomb barrier is simulated. The existence of the shielding effect is verified by the microscopic dynamics simulations. Its influence on the effective interaction potential is also investigated.
Laboratory effectiveness of some insecticides and Piper aduncum fruit extract against diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella [L.]) from Cisarua-Bogor and Pangalengan-Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Ningsih F K , Aditiya A P , Prijono D
Published: April 2020

This work was done to evaluate the laboratory effectiveness of 5 commercial insecticides, i.e. abamectin, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, methomyl, and spinetoram, against diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, from Cisarua District, Bogor Regency and Pangalengan District, Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Emamectin benzoate and Piper aduncum (Piperaceae) fruit extract were also tested against P. xylostella from Cisarua, Bogor. The results of feeding of DBM larvae with treated broccoli leaves showed that chlorfenapyr, emamectin benzoate, and spinetoram were still effective against DBM from Cisarua (their LC95 were lower than their respective recommended field rates). Spinetoram was also still effective but chlorfenapyr was rather ineffective against DBM from Pangalengan. Abamectin was rather effective (LC95 was 1.8- and 1.5 times as high as its field rate) but methomyl was not effective against the 2 populations (LC95 was more than 4-fold higher than its field rate). Meanwhile, chlorantraniliprole was rather ineffective against DBM from Pangalengan and was not effective against the Cisarua population (LC95 was about 3.6-fold and 8.3-fold higher than its field rate, respectively). Furthermore, LC95 of P. aduncum extract at 96 h after treatment was 0.47% (w/v) (< 0.5%) suggesting that this botanical insecticide is potential to be used as an alternative means for controlling DBM.
Impacts of thinning on diversity of Hymenoptera in pine plantation forest of Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Budiaman A , Haneda N F , Suhada A
Published: April 2020

Partial cutting technique (thinning) of pine tree to improve pine growth and timber quality causes disturbances to the forest which can affect forest fauna, especially the order Hymenoptera. This study aimed to analyze how the species abundance and richness of Hymenoptera is influenced by thinning in pine plantation forest. The study compared Hymenopteran abundance before and after thinning of the pine forest. Intensity of forest thinning was at 20%. The plot used in this study was cluster plot for forest health and monitoring. The number of plots was 4 plots, which was placed systematically in the thinning area of 7.85 ha. The Hymenopterans caught using 80 pitfall traps before thinning and after thinning. Insects were identified to morphospecies level. Non parametric statistics (Mann-Whitney and Friedman test) were used to analyze the difference in abundance and species richness of Hymenoptera before thinning and after thinning at the significant level of 5%. The number of individual Hymenopterans before thinning was 2,369 individuals, consisting of 3 families, 27 genera and 44 morphospecies. After thinning, the number of individual Hymenoptera was 2,400 individuals, consisting of 4 families, 24 genera and 45 morphospecies. The abundance of Hymenopterans before thinning and after thinning was not significantly different whereas the morphospecies composition of Hymenoptera before thinning and after thinning was significantly different.
Application of salicylic acid to induce disease resistance against fusarium wilt on banana
Authors: Emilda D , Sutanto A , Sukartini  , Jumjunidang
Published: April 2020

Fusarium wilt is the most destructive disease on banana. One of control measures that can be performed to control this disease is by increasing plant immunity. The aim of this study was to find out the disease resistance profile of banana to fusarium wilt through resistance induction with Salicylic acid. This study was performed at Plant Pest and Disease Laboratory, Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute, started from May to December 2018. Banana cultivars used in this study were cv. Barangan and Raja Kinalun at pre-planting stage. The treatments were the induction methods consisted of control (sterile water), Salicylic acid spraying to entire part of plant and the root soaking with 5 mM Salicylic acid solution. The plants were artificially inoculated with F. oxysporum f.sp cubense VCG 01213/16 (TR4). Each treatment was repeated 3 times with 10 plants for each treatment unit. The result showed that. banana cv. Barangan inoculated with Foc (control) was highly susceptible while cv. Raja Kinalun in the same treatment had moderate resistant criterion. Salicylic acid can induce resistance to fusarium wilt disease on cv Barangan with moderate resistant criterion compared to highly susceptible on its positive control.
Pyricularia zingiberi, a causal agent of diamond shape leaf spot disease of ginger in Indonesia
Authors: Wahyuno D , Florina D , Sari M P , Susilowati D N
Published: April 2020

Ginger is an economically important commodity of Indonesia. A diamond shape leaf spot disease has been reported in ginger cultivation areas. The aim of this study was to determine the causal agent of the disease. Two isolates were obtained by a single conidia isolation method on Pyricularia typical conidia, followed by propagation on a PDA medium. The conidial suspensions were sprayed onto leaf of white and red ginger types for pathogenicity test. The inoculated plants were placed at room temperature with 80%-90% air humidity for 48 hr, then put back in the green house. The fungal identity was determined based on its morphological characteristic and confirmed by molecular characterization through DNA extraction and amplification using ITS5 and ITS4 primers. The optimal growth temperature of the fungus was assayed by planting each isolate onto PDA medium, then incubated at 4 level temperatures. The same temperature levels was also tested on conidial germination, on WA medium. The artificial inoculation showed both isolates infected all types of ginger, but red ginger showed lower in disease severity. Morphologically, both isolates are corresponding to Pyricularia zingiberi. The fungus grows optimally between 25 °C and 31 °C. PCR analysis supported the morphological observation results.
New natural host of Tobacco mosaic virus on three cucurbits in Java, Indonesia
Authors: Damayanti T A , Sholihah I , Listihani  , Hidayat S H , Wiyono S
Published: April 2020

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a newly emerging virus on cucumber in Java. Regardless the importance of TMV on Cucurbitaceae, little is known about the existence of TMV in Cucurbitaceae plants. The study aimed to detect and identify TMV on bitter gourd, ridged gourd, and watermelon. Symptomatic leaves were collected from several cucurbit cultivations at 5 regencies in West Java, Central Java and East Java provinces. The frequency of virus on samples were determined serologically by DIBA method using specific antisera to 6 viruses (CMV, CABYV, PRSV, SqMV, TMV, and ZYMV). Nucleic acid detection was conducted by RT-PCR using universal primer for Tobamovirus followed by DNA sequencing to confirm virus identity. The results revealed that samples were infected by 6 viruses with frequency varied and multiple infections occurred. The frequency of TMV infection ranged from 5.9 to 89.6%. RT-PCR successfully amplified DNA fragment with size ± 800 bp from bitter gourd, ridged gourd, and watermelon. The similarity of coat protein gene among isolates reached up to 100%. These TMV isolates showed highest nucleotide and amino acid similarity with cucumber isolate from Brebes regency and other isolates infecting several different crops from other countries. This is a new report on the existence of TMV on different cucurbit species in the fields.
Control of xylem limited bacterium (XLB) disease of clove and its insect vector with biocontrol agents
Authors: Mardiningsih T L , Hartati S Y , Nasrun  , Rizal M , Sutarjo T , Karyani N , Wahyono T E
Published: April 2020

An experiment was conducted under field condition in Wonogiri, Central Java in 2018 to evaluate the effectiveness of biological control agents against xylem limited bacterium disease and its insect vector (Hindola striata). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design with 12 treatments and 4 replicates. Treatments used were (1) fipronil, (2) Beauveria bassiana, (3) bioprotector, (4) oxytetracycline, (5) Bacillus sp. - Pseudomonas, (6) oxytetracycline + fipronil, (7) oxytetracycline + bioprotector, (8) oxytetracycline + B. bassiana), (9) Bacillus sp. - Pseudomonas + fipronil, (10) Bacillus sp. - Pseudomonas + bioprotector), (11) Bacillus sp. - Pseudomonas + B. bassiana, and (12) control (water). Infected clove plants were treated twice with monthly application interval. Variables observed were the population of H. striata, percentage of plant damage, and the plant shoots growth. Treatments of oxytetracycline, fipronil, oxytetracycline + fipronil, Bacillus sp.-Pseudomonas, oxytetracycline + B. bassiana, and Bacillus sp. - Pseudomonas + B. bassiana could reduce 100% population of H. striata. Treatments of Bacillus sp. - Pseudomonas + B. bassiana could inhibit the plant damage percentage up to 91.94%. While, treatments of Bacillus sp. - Pseudomonas + B. bassiana, Bacillus sp. - Pseudomonas + fipronil, and oxytetracycline + fipronil stimulated the plant shoots growth.
Induced resistance and plant growth promotion by endophytic bacteria Bacillus sp. AA2 against Meloidogyne sp. on pepper
Authors: Munif A , Putri D , Mutaqin KH
Published: April 2020

Currently, controlling of plant parasitic nematode is generally conducted using chemical pesticides. However, it is very important to find out environmentally-friendly control strategies to improve the quality of pepper and reduce production cost. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the formulation of endophytic bacteria against plant parasitic nematodes Meloidogyne spp. and its effect on the plant growth of pepper. This study was focused on the dry formulation of endophytic bacterial Bacillus sp. AA2, which has been known from the previous research that this bacteria has ability to suppress plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne spp. and increased the plant growth on black pepper. The results showed that the dry formulation of endophytic bacteria Bacillus sp. AA2 was able to reduce the number of gall Meloidogyne sp. and to improve the plant growth of pepper, as indicated by the number of leaves and number of branches of pepper in the greenhouse experiment. Results in field testing in Bangka indicated that the application of endophytic bacterial formulation was able to reduce the incidence of yellowing disease of pepper and increase the number of flowers on the primary branches of pepper plants and reduced the number of nematode populations in the soil. Formulation AA2F4-50 was the best dry formulation in suppressing root galls and the populations of plant parasitic nematode.
Molecular identification of rust disease on Acacia mangium collected from West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Lelana N E , Dendang B , Anggraeni I
Published: April 2020

Acacia mangium is one of wood producing species widely planted in industrial and small scale forest. The only rust disease that has been reported on A. mangium is the phyllode rust caused by Endoraecium digitatum (syn. Atelocauda digitata). Some revision had been made for E. digitatum and some new species had been proposed on acacias. However, the information for Indonesian isolates is still limited. We found rust disease on A. mangium plantation in Tasikmalaya, West Java that had not been reported previously. Morphological identification is quite difficult to determine the species of those rust pathogen. Therefore, a molecular approach is needed. This study was aimed to identify the rust disease of A. mangium based on sequence data of internal transcribed spacer rDNA. The DNA samples of rust pathogen were isolated using CTAB methods followed with ITS amplification using specific rust primer and sequenced. BLAST analysis based on ITS fragments showed that rust pathogen has 98% identity to the E. auriuliforme. Meanwhile phylogenetic analysis showed that the rust pathogen on A. mangium was more closely related to the E. auriculiforme.
Diversity and activity pattern of wild cats in Way Kambas National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Subagyo A , Supriatna J , Andayani N , Mardiastuti A , Sunarto
Published: April 2020

Camera trapping was applied for assess the diversity and activity pattern of wild cats in Way Kambas National Park on May 2013 to May 2014. Fifty-seven cameras were systematically set within 480 km2 area covering a total of 4,610 trap nights. Of 4,017 recorded videos, four wild cats species were capture and identified, those are sumateran tiger (Pathera tigris sumatrae), clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi), leopard cat (Pardofelis marmorota) and marbled cat (Prionailurus bengalensis). The highest capture rate (video per 100 trap nights) was sumatran tiger and leopard cat (0.87) followed by marbled cat (0.11) and clouded leopard (0.09). Sumatran tiger and marbled cat were cathemeral. Sumatran tiger was found active during both day (51.6 %) and night (48.4 %) with its highest activity was between 05.00 – 06.00 hours and 05.00 – 06.00 hours, whilst marbled cat was active during the day (41.2 %) and night (58.8 %) with it highest activity found between 12.00 to 02.00 hours and 05.00 – 06.00 hours. The other two cat species, leopard cat and marbled cat were mostly nocturnal with the highest activity recorded at 05.00 – 06.00 hours and 21.00 – 22.00 hours for clouded leopard and 05.00 – 06.00 hours for leopard cat. Our study demonstrates that the Way Kambas National Park is an important habitat for wild cats in Sumatra, although the presence of other rarer cat species in the park, such as golden cat and flat-headed cat still needs to be confirmed by further long-term monitoring study.
Using environmental DNA from sediment samples to detect invasive alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula) in an artificial pond
Authors: Azis M , Andayani N , Maryanto A E
Published: April 2020

The early detection and assessment of aquatic species distribution is important in studying conservation and management. However, due to high costs and ineffective conventional methods, this is difficult in developing regions. Molecular genetic studies have led to advanced technology to allow researchers to monitor the presence of trace DNA levels found in the environment. In this study, we show that sediment can be used as an environmental DNA sample to detect the presence of an invasive species, the Alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula). Samples were processed directly using the FastDNA Spin Kit for soil, followed by other downstream applications, including PCR and sequencing. Amplified DNA fragments and sequence analysis revealed successful identification of the Alligator gar. Despite the environmental conditions, which tend to be warmer than typical eDNA samples, the high DNA concentrations in sediment samples allowed the reliable detection of this invasive species.
Measles virus detection in urine specimens using virus culture and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
Authors: Sari T P , Subangkit  , Abinawanto
Published: April 2020

Measles is a highly prevalent infectious disease in Indonesia, and these large number of cases need to be confirmed in a laboratory so that precautions can be taken quickly and accurately. This study used urine specimens for laboratory confirmation of measles using viral culture and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Viral culture was performed using vero cells/hSLAM and its cytopathic effect was quantified, and RT-PCR was used to amplify the N gene fragment using measles virus forward primer (MeV216) and measles virus reverse primer (MeV214). We tested 120 urine specimens obtained from nine different provinces in Indonesia in 2016. Virus culture yielded a positivity value of 7 %, whereas RT-PCR positivity was 36 %. These results imply that the RT-PCR method is more sensitive for detecting measles virus compared with viral culture.
In vitro culture of Melastoma malabathricum (L.) from internodes on Murashige & Skoog (1962) modified medium supplemented with thidiazuron and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Authors: Zakiyah N , Yuniati R , Handayani W
Published: April 2020

Melastoma malabathricum (L.) is a shrub that has potential uses in the fields of medicine and phytoremediation although further research on this species is warranted, including on its propagation, particularly in vitro culture. Here, research regarding the in vitro culture of M. malabathricum from internodes was conducted to determine its response on Murashige and Skoog (MS) modified medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ) (1, 2, and 3 mg/L), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D; 0.5 and 1 mg/L), or a combination of both. Our results showed that internodes responded by forming calluses on all treatment media except the medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D and 3 mg/L TDZ. Compact calluses were formed upon supplementation with a single dose of TDZ (1, 2, and 3 mg/L) and a combination of growth regulators. Meanwhile, semi-compact calluses were formed upon supplementation with a single dose of 2,4-D (0.5 and 1 mg/L) and a combination of growth regulators. Generally, callus formation was observed on 5–19 days of culture. Internode explants cultured on medium supplemented with a single dose of 2,4-D showed optimal response, whereas those cultured on medium supplemented with the combination of TDZ and 2,4-D showed weak response.
Place exposure pattern toward landslide disaster due to heavy rainfall in Probolinggo District, East Java
Authors: Nanda R F , Sobirin  , Saraswati R
Published: April 2020

Landslide is the third largest disaster occurred in Indonesia, including in Probolinggo District. Analyzing the place exposure patterns toward landslide disaster due to heavy rainfall, which triggering the landslide in Probolinggo District is the purpose of this study. Daily rainfall data in 1990–2015 were used to obtain the frequency of heavy rainfall regions (> 50 mm/day, > 100 mm/three days and > 150mm/five days) using the interpolation method based on Thiessen Polygon. The potential landslide region was obtained by using SINMAP models, which was verified by the landslide location data from 2015 to 2016. Descriptive spatial analysis using the overlay technique showed that 50.30 % (85,358 Ha) area in Probolinggo District has the potential of the landslide, especially in Sub District Krucil, Andisol Soil region, the slopes of 15–40 % region, and the rainfall of 1500–2000 mm/year region. The place exposure patterns toward landslide disaster due to heavy rainfall in Probolinggo district is in the region which has the higher potential of landslides, and heavy rainfall frequency, the level of place exposure to landslides disaster due to heavy rainfall will be higher.
The potential of agricultural drought according to brightness and wetness index on Kebumen district
Authors: Rasjiddin A I , Sobirin S , Waryono T
Published: April 2020

Drought is a phenomenon resulting irrelevancy or climate in General as a lack of rainfall in the area. Droughts also impact on the surface layer of the soil where the moisture content required to balance organic matter, soil biota, as well as the survival of vegetation. Its categorized by NOAA as drought farms/land. This research is finding potentially soil drought spatially and measured trough index algorithm with wetness and brightness index made by Jensen in Chen (2014) in the District of Kebumen, to see the condition of the organic matter and soil moisture as well as indicators of soil drought by 2015, as well as linked with meteorological drought by the method of standardized precipitation index (SPI) (30 years of rainfall data) statistically. Both the index (wetness and brightness) are calculated on the data of satellite imagery. The results say rain-fed rice land, pasture and moorland is tend to drier that average on months (February, June and December 2015). Those land use become vulnerable to agricultural drought when dry season occur.
Citizen’s sense of place of Menteng subdistrict
Authors: Darmawati D R , Sumadio W
Published: April 2020

Menteng Subdistrict is one of the administrative areas located in the Central Jakarta City, DKI Jakarta Province. Formerly Menteng subdistrict was one of the places in Indonesia that has been developed and has a landscape characterized as a ‘garden city’. Along with the times of development, Menteng subdistrict has experienced changes in environmental characteristics particularly associated with the concept of garden city. The changes of environmental characteristics that experienced by Menteng subdistrict could further affect to the citizen’s sense of place. This research conducted to analyze the environmental characteristics pattern of Menteng subdistrict based on the citizen’s sense of place along with the environmental characteristic changes as garden city. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with key informants and distribute questionnaires. All of collected data was categorized into several themes. Analysis process was done with discover keywords and themes from interview result, map interpretation, and also historical literature of Menteng subdistrict. Results of the analysis shows that based on the citizen’s sense of place, the whole area of Menteng Subdistrict now is no longer has an environmental characteristic as a garden city. Part of Menteng Subdistrict which still has remnants of environmental characteristics as garden city is at the southern region of that subdistrict. In conclusion, it is found that physically Menteng subdistrict has been changed much, except the southern region. Socially, the character of Menteng subdistrict has been changed.
Modelling the interaction of stations in the port railway junctions
Authors: Borodina E , Prokofieva E , Vakulenko S , Petrov A
Published: April 2020

The problem statement, qualitative analysis and main methodological approaches to the interaction of stations for the distribution of sorting and transfer work in port railway junctions with objects of railway infrastructure and rolling stock of various types are presented. The search for a solution provides for finding the optimal variant of interaction on the basis of combinatorial-optimization analysis using economic criteria, technical and technological parameters of stations and a plan of the formation of non-route gears in the area of pre-port transport hubs.
Obtaining and Research of Additive Products from Electroerosive Cobalt-Chrome Powders
Authors: Ageev E V , Altukhov A Yu , Ageeva E V
Published: April 2020

Based on the particularity of the methods of obtaining spherical shape powders in order to obtain spherical granules of a regulated grain size, the technology of electroerosive dispersion, which is distinguished by relatively low energy costs and ecological cleanliness of the process, is described. The widespread use of the method of EED for the processing of metal waste into powders for the purpose of their reuse and application in additive technologies is constrained by the lack of complete information in the scientific and technical literature about the influence of the original composition, modes and media on the properties of powders and technologies of practical application. Therefore, the development of technologies for the reuse of EED powders and the evaluation of the effectiveness of their use requires the conduct of comprehensive theoretical and experimental studies. The purpose of this work was to obtain and study additive products from electroerosive cobalt-chromium powders of a specific particle size distribution and to study their microstructure. The granulometry of the obtained powders was determined on a laser analyzer of particle sizes “Analysette 22 NanoTec”. The microstructure of additive samples from cobalt-chromium powders was investigated by optical microscopy on an inverted optical microscope OLYMPUS GX51. On the basis of completed studies, aimed at obtaining and studying additive products from electroerosive cobalt-chrome powders of a specific particle size distribution, and studying their microstructure, it was found that additive samples, obtained from a cobalt-chrome powder with an average particle size of 35.68 μm, have practically no pores.
Estimation of Stress-Deformed State of the Cutting Insert of a Disk Mill Using Computer-Aided Engineering
Authors: Shalamov V G , Smetanin S D , Boldyrev I S
Published: April 2020

The efficiency of the assembly tool is largely determined by the cutting tool insert installation scheme, as well as by the accuracy of manufacturing mating surfaces and loading conditions. When milling the normal types of destruction of the cutting blade are chipping and micro-dyeing. In this regard, in order to improve the reliability of a tool, it is desirable to provide the most uniform distribution of stresses at the initial time. In the article, the stressed-deformed condition of a cutting blade of a disk mill is considered taking into account the schemes of the cutting tool insert basing, the clamping force and the external cutting force. The stages of solving the problem of determining the stressed-deformed condition design of a disk mill are shown. The ratios of the force of clamping of the cutting tool insert and external force are determined. The joint effect on the stress state of the cutting tool insert of the clamping force and external force is analyzed.
Mathematical Modeling of the Electric Drive with Universal Power Semiconductor Converter
Authors: Dunaev M P , Arshinskiy L V
Published: April 2020

In the article are examined the mathematical models of the electric drive of direct and alternating current with the universal power semiconductor converter. The functional diagram of electrical power semiconductor converter is described. Are given the oscillograms of the output voltage of power semiconductor converter, obtained with the aid of the model of converter. Are determined the static and dynamic characteristics of the electric drive of direct and alternating current with the universal power semiconductor converter, which make it possible to positively estimate fitness for work and accuracy of the systems of electric drive in the steady-state and dynamic behaviors of work. The experimental studies, carried out in the laboratory mock-up of the electric drive of direct and alternating current with the universal power semiconductor converter, testify about the sufficiently high adequacy of the developed models and confirm the practical possibility of designing of the class of universal semiconductor converters for regulating the angular velocity of the electric motors of direct and alternating current.
Load Capacity of Spherical Roller Transmission with Double-Row Pinion
Authors: Lustenkov M E , Lustenkova E S
Published: April 2020

This paper provides an in-depth description of the design and operating principle of a spherical roller transmission producing a wide range of reduction ratios in small dimensions. The rotational motion is transmitted from the drive shaft to the driven shaft by a pinion with two coaxial rows of rollers. The pinion performs a spherical motion about a fixed point on the transmission axis with a constant nutation angle. The rollers are in contact with a fixed periodic closed groove formed by two cams mounted in the housing and a groove made on the cam of the driven shaft. Power is transmitted through a number of parallel flows, which increases the load capacity, i.e., the maximum torque in the driven shaft. The main criterion of reliability is the contact strength of the cam surfaces. Equations for calculating contact stress in the roller-groove contact on the cam of the driven shaft are obtained by use of the Hertz theory. A formula for calculating the maximum torque being transmitted, which is obtained from the kinetostatic equilibrium equations, is given. The analysis of the influence of the main geometric parameters of the transmission on its load capacity is presented.
Planetary Torus Helical Transmission
Authors: Prudnikov A P
Published: April 2020

The paper describes design considerations for the transmission with fixed intermediate rolling bodies with grooves cut in a torus. Equations of helices used for cutting grooves have been derived. The transmission with the proposed design has a wide range of reduction ratios and small dimensions with high load capacity.
Determination of Geometric Parameter of Cycloidal Transmission from Contact Strength Condition for Design of Heavy Loading Mechanisms
Authors: Efremenkov E A , Efremenkova S K , Dyussebayev I M
Published: April 2020

In the article, the contact strength condition is considered for transmission with intermediate rolling bodies. The components of contact strength condition equation are expressed through initial parameters of the transmission. The expression is obtained for determination the minimum permissible value of the geometric parameter r
c of transmission with IRBFIR. The expression can be used in preliminary engineering calculations of the hard loaded transmission.
Development of Energy Efficient Mechatronic Module for Alternative Energy
Authors: Shibinskiy K G , Efremenkov E A , Galin N E
Published: April 2020

The article describes the creation of mechatronic module for follow-up systems. In the mechanical part of the module the authors applied a reducer, which is based on cam coaxial radial flat transmission with intermediate rolling bodies. Transmission ratio is determined and equation of tooth profile is derived for the transmission. Transmission kinematics with different number of rolling bodies was also analyzed. Mechatronic module was designed to limit overall dimensions. The analysis of stress-strain state of the most loaded elements of the transmission is conducted. Structural diagram of mechatronic module is developed. Structure of optimal control of BLDC motor is presented as well as a function of minimizing the dependence on characteristics of a transition process of motor speed is selected. An adaptive PID controller is synthesized using genetic algorithm.
Analysis on the characteristics of pulsed electromagnetic force and the fluctuation behavior of molten metal free surface under pulsed magnetic field
Authors: Wu Xinjiang , Liu Ruirui , Gao Jianjun , Luo Jian , Geng Haibin
Published: April 2020

A self-made line laser liquid level measurement system was used to measure the fluctuation of molten metal free surface under pulsed magnetic field. The electromagnetic characteristics of pulsed electromagnetic force were mathematically analyzed. Results showed that the electromagnetic force presents oscillatory attenuation during a single pulse period. The electromagnetic force was composed of turning force

f

t
u
r
n

and non-turning force

f

n
o
n
t
u
r
n

.

The direction of

f

t
u
r
n

was always consistent with the melt circumferential direction, which turned the

f

n
o
n
t
u
r
n

consisted of electromagnetic pull and push forces, which caused the melt to oscillate. Under the pulsed magnetic field, the free surface formed a meniscus with a high middle, low side structure. With increased pulsed field intensity, the center surface of molten melt had an oscillation of ±3.52 mm at 0.187 T. The wave power density had only two spectral peaks (at 0.60 and 3.36 Hz) without a magnetic field. Under pulsed magnetic field, four spectral peaks were found at 0.40, 3.00, 6.50 and 13.00 Hz.
Topological carbon allotropes: knotted molecules, carbon-nano-chain, chainmails, and Hopfene
Authors: Saito Shinichi , Tomita Isao
Published: April 2020

Carbon allotropes such as diamond, nano-tube, Fullerene, and Graphene were discovered and revolutionised material sciences. These structures have unique translational and rotational symmetries, described by a crystallographic group theory, and the atoms are arranged at specific rigid positions in 3-dimensional (D) space. Regardless of these exotic molecular structures, the structures of materials are topologically trivial in a mathematical sense, that their bonds are connected without a link nor a knot. These days, the progress on the synthetic chemistry is significant to make various topologically non-trivial molecular structures. Topological molecules (0D) including Trefoil knots, a Hopf-link, a Möbius strip, and Borromean rings, were already realised. However, their potentially exotic electronic properties have not been sufficiently explored. Here, we propose a new 3D carbon allotrope, named Hopfene, which has periodic arrays of Hopf-links to knit horizontal Graphene sheets into vertical ones without connecting by σ bonds. We conducted an ab inito band structure calculation using a Density-Functional-Theory (DFT) for Hopfene, and found that it is well-described by a tight-binding model. We confirmed the original Dirac points of 2D Graphene were topologically protected upon the introduction of the Hopf links, and low-energy excitations are described by 1D, 2D, and 3D gapless Fermions.
Texture evolution of tungsten materials during recrystallization
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxin , Gong Zheng , Huang Jianjun , Yu Bin
Published: April 2020

Some functional and structural performance of tungsten (W) are related to its texture characteristics. Usually, W serves in high temperature and may undergo recrystallization. Thus it’s necessary to evaluate the recrystallization texture of W. In our previous studies, pure W (PW) and W-1.0wt%La2O3 (WL10) were deformed via unidirectional rolling (UNR), cross rolling (CRR) and clock rolling (CLR) with 80% reduction. In the present paper, PW-UNR, PW-CRR, PW-CLR and WL10-UNR were subjected to annealing at 2073 K for 2 h to achieve recrystallization and figure out the evolution mechanism of recrystallization texture in W materials. Besides, the effect of La2O3 on recrystallization texture of W was discussed. The results indicated that the fiber textures in rolling state were transformed into isolated textures after recrystallization. {001}〈uvw〉 isolated texture formed in the recrystallized W may be mainly resulted from the texture inheritance. {113}〈361〉 isolated texture formed in the recrystallized WL10-UNR may be attributed to the orientated growth of {113}〈361〉 grains with high grain boundary mobility facilitated by La2O3. Generally, isolated textures near θ-fiber were strengthened while γ-fiber was weakened for W during recrystallization, which is an effective method to achieve W with more {001} and less {111} textures.