bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduktion: BEBOR VI MANGFOLDIGE VERDENER?
Authors: Grue Astrid , Vega Christina
Published: September 2021

Med den ontologiske vending som incitament blev udsagnet „Vi bebor mangfoldige

verdener“ taget op til debat påKøenhavns Universitet i maj 2011. Inspirationen

til debatformen blev hentet fra Manchester, hvor The Group for Debates in

Anthropological Theory årligt afholder arrangementer. De foregår på den måde,

at to proponenter taler for et bestemt udsagn, mens to opponenter taler imod. I

2008 stod striden om udsagnet, Ontology is just another word for culture, og den

debat er siden udgivet på skrift (Venkatesan 2010). Nærværende temanummer

udspringer af arrangementet i København, hvor to debattører, Morten Nielsen og

Morten Axel Pedersen, blev inviteret til at tale for gyldigheden af udsagnet, „Vi

bebor mangfoldige verdener“, mens Christian K. Høbjerg og Kirsten Hastrup blev

inviteret til at tale imod. Hver debattør fik et kvarter til at fremføre sine pointer

og med argumentatorisk snilde forsøge at overbevise publikum om henholdsvis,

at vi bebor mangfoldige verdener, eller at vi ikke gør det. Efter de fire oplæg var

der åben debat, og det hele blev afsluttet med en afstemning blandt tilhørerne.

Det gjaldt med andre ord om at vinde publikum over på sin side.
VI BEBOR MANGFOLDIGE VERDENER
Authors: Pedersen Morten Axel
Published: September 2021

Debatoplæg, for udsagnet
PRAKTISK ONTOLOGI: Verdener i STS og antropologi
Authors: Gad Christopher , Jensen Casper Bruun , Winthereik Brit Ross
Published: September 2021

I denne artikel diskuterer vi spørgsmået om, hvorvidt vi bebor mangfoldige verdener

med udgangspunkt i en amoderne tilgang til videnskabs- og teknologistudier

(science and technology studies eller STS), som vi kalder praktisk ontologi. På

den ene side er denne analytiske position nært beslægtet med antropologiens

nylige interesse for ontologi. På den anden side præsenterer vores tilgang en

række vigtige forskelle. Disse forskelle vedrører ikke mindst spørgsmål om materialitetens

agens, om informanters begrebsliggørelse af egen praksis og om

forholdet mellem etnografisk beskrivelse, begrebslig opfindsomhed og politik.

Søgeord: videnskabs- og teknologistudier (STS), multiplicitet, materialitet, praksis,

verdener
HÆNGENDE MELLEM HIMMEL OG JORD
Authors: Rømer Lars
Published: September 2021

Om overskridelse, offentlig hemmelighed og uafsluttede mellemværender i forhold til danske spøgelser
Mikkel Rytter: Family Upheaval. Generation, Mobility, and Related- ness among Pakistani Migrants in Denmark. Oxford: Berghahn Books 2013. 234 sider. ISBN 978-0-85745-939-8. Pris: $ 75.
Authors: Vacher Mark
Published: September 2021

Intet resumé
English summaries
Authors: Tidsskriftet Antropologi Redaktionen
Published: September 2021

Intet resumé
EN FAMILIE BLIVER TIL: Om kostbehandling som optimeringsproces for familiens socialitet
Authors: Jønsson Alexandra B. Ryborg
Published: September 2021

Med udgangspunkt i feltarbejde blandt forældre til børn med adfærdsforstyrrelser

undersøger jeg, hvordan det at have et barn med en adfærdsforstyrrelse påvirker

hverdagsliv og selvforståelse og dermed skaber et rum for kostbehandling til at

muliggøre optimering for familierne. At have et barn med en adfærdsforstyrrelse

har ikke kun betydning for barnet, men for hele familien og dens socialitet.

Familier med adfærdsforstyrrede børn føler sig ofte udstødt, og drømmen om

den lykkelige familie brister. Forældrenes selvforståelse bliver sat på spil, og i

det offentlige sundhedssystem bliver familien mødt med beskeden om, at barnet

er uhelbredeligt. Kostbehandling er en særlig diæt, der for alvor blev kendt med

bogen Kernesund familie i 2007, og her loves forældrene, at børnene kan om ikke

helbredes så i hvert fald optimeres i deres funktionsniveau. Kostbehandlingen

yder således en teknisk optimering af barnet og derigennem familien. Uagtet om

kostebehandlingen virker eller ej, fortæller forældrene om fremskridt, og artiklen

argumenterer for, at dette skal forstås ved at sætte kostbehandling i en social

kontekst for at se på, hvordan familiens socialitet optimeres.

Søgeord: adfærdsforstyrrelser, familie, mad, social teknologi, socialitet,

optimering
DIGITAL OPTIMERING: Refleksioner over e-valgsdebatten i Danmark
Authors: Gad Christoffer , Dalsgaard Steffen
Published: September 2021

Danmark har både efter offentlighedens og eksperters mening et velfungerende

demokrati med høj valgdeltagelse og en gennemskuelig, sikker og troværdig

valgproces. Imidlertid var der hen over vinteren 2012-13 en heftig debat om,

hvorvidt der skulle laves forsøg med digital stemmeafgivelse i Danmark. Evalgsforkæmperne

udtrykte en forestilling om, at digitale teknologier havde evnen

til at „optimere“: i dette tilfælde en række forhold i valgprocessen som optællingen

af stemmer, eliminering af ugyldige stemmer og handicappedes adgang til at

stemme hemmeligt. E-valgsmodstanderne udtrykte til gengæld skepsis over for

både konkrete digitale løsningsforslag og digitalisering som sådan og påpegede,

at den danske valgproces allerede fungerede fint. I denne artikel diskuterer vi

med udgangspunkt i debatter fra Folketinget, handicaporganisationernes egne

publikationer om emnet og onlinedebatfora, hvordan teknologi i forbindelse med

e-valg blev fremstillet som „muliggørende“ (i betydningen enabling) af både

fortalere og modstandere. Denne teknologiforståelse synliggør vi ved hjælp af

en tilgang til menneske og teknologi, som vi kalder „kompositorisk“. Tilgangen

bidrager til en diskussion af, hvordan optimering er på spil i forholdet mellem

teknologi og den handicappede krop.

Søgeord: demokrati, valg, politik, handicap, digitalisering, teknologi
„MAN BEGYNDER JO IKKE AT SMADRE EN KØBMAND“: Perspektiver på vold i vredeskontrolprogrammet „Anger Management“
Authors: Laursen Julie
Published: September 2021

Artiklens empiriske materiale stammer fra forfatterens feltarbejde fra 2013 og 2014

i et åbent og to lukkede danske fængsler, hvor hun deltog i tre programafviklinger af

vredeskontrolprogrammet „Anger Management“ og foretog fokusgruppeinterview

og enkeltinterviews med deltagere samt enkeltinterviews med instruktørerne.

Artiklen knytter an til antropologisk voldsforskning ved at inddrage deltagernes

perspektiver og positioneringer og fokusere på henholdsvis instruktørernes og

deltagernes forståelser af vold og konflikt. Det bærende spørgsmål i artiklen er

dermed, hvordan vold fremstilles og forhandles i programmet Anger Management.

Afledt af dette spørgsmål viser artiklen, hvordan deltagerne positionerer sig efter

bestemte maskulinitetsnormer, som står i opposition til programmet. Deltagernes

og instruktørernes forskellige perspektiver på vold i Anger Management ender i

kontinuerlige horisontsammenstød, hvor definitionen af henholdsvis legitim og

ikke-legitim vold er på spil. Deltagerne forsøger at definere nogle former for vold

som legitime, mens de i andre situationer tager afstand fra vold. Instruktørerne

stempler derimod alle former for vold som uacceptable og som resultat af fejlagtige

tankemønstre, hvilket udelukker kontekstuelle, sociale og strukturelle forklaringer.

Artiklen konkluderer, at sammenstødet mellem forskellige rationali teter

og instruktørernes insisteren på at arbejde med konstruerede eller irrelevante

situationer fra fængslet kan være en begrænsning for programmernes mulighed

for at „behandle“ og forebygge vold.

Søgeord: Anger Management, vold, behandling, fængsler, kognitive færdighedsprogrammer
FLYVSKE TOTEMER PÅ EN SYDHAVSØ
Authors: Liep John
Published: September 2021

UDEN FOR TEMA
ENQUETE: Thomas Derek Robinson: Reform og den anden I-D-I-O-T
Authors: Robinson Thomas Derek
Published: September 2021

ENQUETE: Thomas Derek Robinson: Reform og den anden I-D-I-O-T
REDAKTIONEN HAR MODTAGET
Authors: Redaktionen TA
Published: September 2021

REDAKTIONEN HAR MODTAGET
DANSKE RESUMEER
Authors: Redaktionen TA
Published: September 2021

DANSKE RESUMEER
GENRENS ELASTISKE SPÆNDVIDDE: Indledende betragtninger
Authors: Sjørslev Inger , Segal Lotte Buch , Skrubbeltrang Jørgen , Madsen Mette My , Møhl Perle
Published: September 2021

Indledende betragtninger.
English Summaries
Authors: TA Redaktionen
Published: September 2021

English summaries of articles
REDAKTIONELT FORORD
Authors: Sørensen Bo Wagner
Published: September 2021

Dette temanummer af Tidsskriftet Antropologi handler om forholdet mellem

etik og antropologi og om etiske problemstillinger i forskningen. Ambitionen

har været at bringe artikler og positioner, der vil mere end bare pointere, at man

bør behandle sine informanter ordentligt – hvad det så end indebærer – og i den

forbindelse henvise til fagetiske retningslinjer for antropologens møde med felten

og folk i felten.
Biomass from willow plantation as a source of renewable energy and reduction of smog emissions
Authors: Jasiulewicz Michał
Published: September 2021

n the paper, the Author has presented the activity of the Koszalin University of Technology and the experience concerning its willow plantation. Creating a network of power and heating stations should not only affect the climate and energy safety but first of all contribute to a sustainable entrepreneurial development of rural areas. The Koszalin University of Technology has been conducting experiments and implementing new technologies on its 92.0 ha willow plantation. During the last two years, there has been a research project carried out aiming at the following among others: • use of sewage residues and municipal organic waste as manure in plantation; • selection of plants with the most efficient growth and energy performance, taking into account technical, environmental and economical aspects. Next year, the co-combustion at a local district heating plant for thermal energy will be launched and, in five years’ time, cogeneration solutions: a power plant and a district heating system based on biomass energy gasification will be introduced. Scientific innovation and significance: • potential of using fallow soils for willow plants; • research into the selection of different willow clones: the highest biomass gain; • use of sewage and municipal organic waste residues as manure in the plantation; • cooperation with the Heating Plant and the Municipal Plant: to establish a plant for heat production.
Pseudouridines in RNAs: switching atoms means shifting paradigms
Authors: Lin Ting‐Yu , Mehta Rahul , Glatt Sebastian
Published: September 2021

The structure, stability, and function of various coding and noncoding RNAs are influenced by chemical modifications. Pseudouridine (Ψ) is one of the most abundant post‐transcriptional RNA base modifications and has been detected at individual positions in tRNAs, rRNAs, mRNAs, and snRNAs, which are referred to as Ψ‐sites. By allowing formation of additional bonds with neighboring atoms, Ψ strengthens RNA–RNA and RNA–protein interactions. Although many aspects of the underlying modification reactions remain unclear, the advent of new transcriptome‐wide methods to quantitatively detect Ψ‐sites has recently changed our perception of the functional roles and importance of Ψ. For instance, it is now clear that the occurrence of Ψs appears to be directly linked to the lifetime and the translation efficiency of a given mRNA molecule. Furthermore, the administration of Ψ‐containing RNAs reduces innate immune responses, which appears strikingly advantageous for the development of generations of mRNA‐based vaccines. In this review, we aim to comprehensively summarize recent discoveries that highlight the impact of Ψ on various types of RNAs and outline possible novel biomedical applications of Ψ.
Membraneless organelles: a smart design for metabolic control
Authors: Díaz‐Moreno Irene , De la Rosa Miguel A.
Published: September 2021

While most organelles are surrounded by membranes, cells also contain membraneless organelles, which remain separated in the cell by avoiding the mixture of their components with the surroundings. Actually, liquid–liquid phase separation provides a simple but smart mechanism for the cell to control the spatial localization and processing of molecules, without relying on membrane boundaries. This Special ‘In the Limelight’ section, entitled ‘Membraneless organelles’, consists of three review articles, each focused on a particular aspect. The first article deals with assembly of coacervates as mediated by polyproline II helices, as well as with condensate stability. The second article addresses the formation of protein–nucleic acid coacervates by prion‐like proteins and their link to human diseases. Finally, the last article focuses on mitochondrial cytochrome c translocation into the nucleus after DNA damage, with the subsequent inhibition of nucleosome assembly/disassembly activity of histone chaperones and its impact on chromatin dynamics and nuclear condensates.
Principles for Lesson Planning
Authors: Anderson Neil J.
Published: September 2021

Lesson planning is a skill on which all teachers can improve. When teachers intentionally focus on three key principles for lesson planning, learning within the classroom can be directed toward accomplishing learning outcomes (LOs). The three principles are: (a) initiating the lesson planning process by articulating a clear LO; (b) designing learning opportunities that lead to accomplishing the LO; and (c) including an appropriate formative assessment that provides tangible evidence of achievement of the LO.
Mathematical estimation of half‐value layer thicknesses
Authors: Omoumi Farid H. , Wu Xizeng , Ghani Muhammad U. , Wong Molly D. , Li Yuhua , Liu Hong
Published: September 2021

Objective

The objective of this article is to introduce a simplified and swift method to satisfactorily estimate the half‐value layers (HVL), quarter‐value layer (QVL), and tenth‐value layer (TVL) from the x‐ray spectra emitted by any diagnostic radiology or kV radiotherapy x‐ray tubes.

Methods

A CdTe x‐ray and Gamma detector (X‐123 CdTe, AmpTek Inc.) is used to measure the x‐ray spectra at four different x‐ray energies (low, mid, high energy x‐rays) with different external filtering. The software “SpekCalc GUI” (Developed in McGill University, Montreal, Canada) is also used to obtain the simulated x‐ray spectra. Both measured and simulated spectra are used to compute the HVL thicknesses of Aluminum by a mathematical method presented in this article. Next, the HVL thicknesses for corresponding tube potentials are also measured by calibrated ionization chamber and varying thicknesses of aluminum plates. Finally, the computed and measured HVL, QVL, and TVL thicknesses are compared to evaluate the efficacy of the presented method.

Results

The results show acceptable concordance between computed and measured quantities. The disagreement rates between measured HVL and the values derived mathematically from the x‐ray spectra are 10 to 90 micrometers of Aluminum at tube potentials of 31 kV to 120 kV. As it is shown, a negligible discrepancy is observed between the analytical estimation and the experimental assessments.

Conclusion

The HVL is an essential component in the evaluation of the quality of an x‐ray beam. However, its measurement could occasionally be challenging, time‐consuming, or uncertain due to some technical difficulties. Although the scope of this study is not to undermine the value of conventional and widely accepted practice to determine the HVL thickness, the introduced method provides the fast, more convenient, and comparably reliable technique to estimate the HVL, QVL, and TVL by employing the given x‐ray spectrum.
Nothing Is Automatic: Producing More‐Than‐Human Relations in the Pearl River Delta
Authors: Verzier Marina Otero
Published: September 2021

In the light of rapid urbanisation, manufacturing processes in China's Pearl River Delta are undergoing extensive change. This is one of the regions where the collaborative research project Automated Landscapes has been exploring how automation affects the built environment. Among several international partners involved in the initiative is the Research and Development department at Rotterdam's Het Nieuwe Instituut, headed by Marina Otero Verzier. Here she charts how the area's industries are being rearticulated in line with shifting relationships between humans and machines, and how this is proving a double‐edged sword for the evolution of the city.
From Food Hub to Food Port: In Conversation with OMA's Shohei Shigematsu
Authors: Luna Rafael , Yim Dongwoo
Published: September 2021

What is architecture's role within the agenda of food as a catalyst for urban production and development? Having completed a commissioned study in 2015 for the West Louisville Food Port in Kentucky, along with a research studio at the Graduate School of Design at Harvard University, Shohei Shigematsu, partner at OMA, shares his insights on the subject with Guest‐Editors Rafael Luna and Dongwoo Yim.
Polymer Pressure‐Sensitive Adhesive with A Temperature‐Insensitive Loss Factor Operating Under Water and Oil
Authors: Wang Yan‐Jie , He Yang , Zheng Si Yu , Xu Ziyang , Li Jia , Zhao Yiping , Chen Li , Liu Wenguang
Published: September 2021

Loss factor tan δ determines the viscoelasticity of a material. Higher or lower loss factor tanδ (>1 or <1) suggests a viscous or elastic material. Most polymer pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs) possess a limited operational temperature range (near room temperature), above which the PSAs trend to be more viscous (un‐crosslinked) or more elastic (crosslinked), and below which PSAs become more elastic. These properties are unfavorable for PSA operation. Herein, an underwater PSA possessing short hydrophobic side chains and weak hydrogen bond interactions are described. Proper modulus and stable loss factor close to 1 contributes to an efficient adhesion underwater over a temperature range of 0–100 °C. Moreover, by introducing Teflon particles, the adhesion can be operated under silicon oil from room temperature to 150 °C due to the formation of a drainage surface structure and its temperature insensitivity.
Polymeric Nanoneedle Arrays Mediate Stiffness‐Independent Intracellular Delivery
Authors: Yoh Hao Zhe , Chen Yaping , Aslanoglou Stella , Wong Sherman , Trifunovic Zlatan , Crawford Simon , Lestrell Esther , Priest Craig , Alba Maria , Thissen Helmut , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Elnathan Roey
Published: September 2021

Tunable vertically aligned nanostructures, usually fabricated using inorganic materials, are powerful nanoscale tools for advanced cellular manipulation. However, nanoscale precision typically requires advanced nanofabrication machinery and involves high manufacturing costs. By contrast, polymeric nanoneedles (NNs) of precise geometry can be produced by replica molding or nanoimprint lithography—rapid, simple, and cost‐effective. Here, cytocompatible polymeric arrays of NNs are engineered with identical topographies but differing stiffness, using polystyrene (PS), SU8, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). By interfacing the polymeric NN arrays with adherent and suspension mammalian cells, and comparing the cellular responses of each of the three polymeric substrates, the influence of substrate stiffness from topography on cell behavior is decoupled. Notably, the ability of PS, SU8, and PDMS NNs is demonstrated to facilitate mRNA delivery to GPE86 cells with 26.8% ± 3.5%, 33.2% ± 7.4%, and 30.1% ± 4.1% average transfection efficiencies, respectively. Electron microscopy reveals the intricacy of the cell–NN interactions; and immunofluorescence imaging demonstrates that enhanced endocytosis is one of the mechanisms of PS NN‐mediated intracellular delivery, involving the endocytic proteins caveolin‐1 and clathrin heavy chain. The results provide insights into the interfacial interactions between cells and polymeric NNs, and their related intracellular delivery mechanisms.
Robust Single Molecule Magnet Monolayers on Graphene and Graphite with Magnetic Hysteresis up to 28 K
Authors: Spree Lukas , Liu Fupin , Neu Volker , Rosenkranz Marco , Velkos Georgios , Wang Yaofeng , Schiemenz Sandra , Dreiser Jan , Gargiani Pierluigi , Valvidares Manuel , Chen Chia‐Hsiang , Büchner Bernd , Avdoshenko Stanislav M. , Popov Alexey A.
Published: September 2021

The chemical functionalization of fullerene single molecule magnet Tb2@C80(CH2Ph) enables the facile preparation of robust monolayers on graphene and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite from solution without impairing their magnetic properties. Monolayers of endohedral fullerene functionalized with pyrene exhibit magnetic bistability up to a temperature of 28 K. The use of pyrene terminated linker molecules opens the way to devise integration of spin carrying units encapsulated by fullerene cages on graphitic substrates, be it single‐molecule magnets or qubit candidates.
Stable Zinc Metal Anodes with Textured Crystal Faces and Functional Zinc Compound Coatings
Authors: Wang Xia , Meng Junping , Lin Xuguang , Yang Yadi , Zhou Shuang , Wang Yaping , Pan Anqiang
Published: September 2021

The uneven electrodeposition and inferior corrosion resistance are the fundamental obstacles to achieve stable Zn metal anodes. The features of the electrode surface/interface are closely correlated with the properties. Herein, the Zn surface with more exposed (002)Zn planes is modified through a simple acid‐etching approach. The in situ generated zinc compounds form an interface layer with strong adhesion to the Zn electrode, which can enhance the Zn2+ ion kinetics and regulate the deposition/dissolution behaviors. A variety of acids with functional cations are selected, among which the phosphoric acid etches the Zn with a higher extent of texturing and generates a more compact layer. The obtained zinc phosphate@Zn electrode enables stable cycling and fast kinetics in symmetrical and full Zn metal batteries. This study provides a new example of combined surface and interface modification toward high‐performance aqueous zinc metal anodes.
Anodic Transformation of a Core‐Shell Prussian Blue Analogue to a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Hao , Li Peng , Chen Shengli , Xie Fang , Riley D. Jason
Published: September 2021

Developing low‐cost oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts with high efficiency and understanding the underlying reaction mechanism are critical for electrochemical conversion technologies. Here, an anodized Prussian blue analogue (PBA) containing Ni and Co is reported as a promising OER electrocatalyst in alkaline media. Detailed post‐mortem characterizations indicate the transformation from PBA to Ni(OH)2 during the anodic process, with the amorphous shell of the PBA facilitating the transformation by promoting greater structural flexibility. Further study with operando Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal the increase of anodic potential improves the degree of deprotonation of the transformed core‐shell PBA, leading to an increase of Ni valence. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the increase of Ni valence results in a continuous increase in the adsorption strength of oxygen‐containing species, exhibiting a volcano relationship against the OER activity. Based on the experiments and calculated results, an OER mechanism for the transformed product is proposed. The fully activated catalyst also works as the cathode and the anode for a water‐splitting electrolysis cell with a high output current density of 13.7 mA cm−2 when a cell voltage of 1.6 V applied. No obvious performance attenuation is observed after 40 h of catalysis.
Electronic Structure Modulation of Nanoporous Cobalt Phosphide by Carbon Doping for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Xu Wence , Fan Guilan , Zhu Shengli , Liang Yanqin , Cui Zhenduo , Li Zhaoyang , Jiang Hui , Wu Shuilin , Cheng Fangyi
Published: September 2021

Seawater electrolysis under alkaline conditions presents an attractive alternative to traditional freshwater electrolysis for mass sustainable high‐purity hydrogen production. However, the lack of active and robust electrocatalysts severely impedes the industrial application of this technology. Herein, carbon‐doped nanoporous cobalt phosphide (C‐Co2P) prepared by electrochemical dealloying is reported as an electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The C‐Co2P achieves an overpotential of 30 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH, along with impressive catalytic activity and stability at large current densities in artificial alkaline seawater electrolyte containing mixed chlorides of NaCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2. Experimental analysis and density functional theory calculations reveal that the C atom with strong electronegativity and small atomic radius can tailor the electronic structure of Co2P, leading to weakened Co–H bonding toward promoted HER kinetics. Moreover, the C doping introduces a two‐stepped H delivery pathway by forming C–Had intermediate, thus reducing the energy barrier of water dissociation. This study offers a new vision toward the development of seawater electrolysis for large‐scale hydrogen production.
Force‐Based Wetting Characterization of Stochastic Superhydrophobic Coatings at Nanonewton Sensitivity
Authors: Hokkanen Matti J. , Backholm Matilda , Vuckovac Maja , Zhou Quan , Ras Robin H. A.
Published: September 2021

Superhydrophobic coatings have extraordinary properties like self‐cleaning and staying dry, and have recently appeared on industrial and consumer markets. The stochastic nature of the coating components and coating processes (e.g., spraying, painting) affects the uniformity of the water repellency across the coated substrate. The wetting properties of those coatings are typically quantified on macroscale using contact angle goniometry (CAG). Here, highly sensitive force‐based methods, scanning droplet adhesion microscopy (SDAM), and micropipette force sensor (MFS), are used, to quantify the microscale heterogeneity in the wetting properties of stochastic superhydrophobic coatings with irregular surface topography that cannot be investigated by CAG. By mapping the wetting adhesion forces with SDAM and friction forces with MFS, it is demonstrated that even the best coatings on the market are prone to heterogeneities that induce stick–slip motion of droplets. Thus, owing to their high spatial and force resolution, the advantages of these techniques over CAG are demonstrated.
Divergent Access to Benzocycles through Copper‐Catalyzed Borylative Cyclizations
Authors: Yoon Wan Seok , Han Jung Tae , Yun Jaesook
Published: September 2021

A copper‐catalyzed chemodivergent approach to five‐ and six‐membered benzocycles from dienyl arenes tethered with a ketone has been developed. Through proper choice of coordinating ligands and catalytic conditions, copper‐catalyzed borylative cyclization of a single dienyl arene can be diverted to two different pathways, leading to indanols and dihydronaphthalenols with high stereoselectivity. The chiral bidentate bisphosphine ligand (S,S)‐Ph‐BPE was optimal for asymmetric copper‐allyl addition to a tethered ketone via a boat‐like transition state, whereas NHC ligands led to boro‐allyl addition producing indanols with high diastereoselectivity.

magnified image
Direct Visualization of Large‐Scale Intrinsic Atomic Lattice Structure and Its Collective Anisotropy in Air‐Sensitive Monolayer 1T’‐ WTe2
Authors: Niu Kangdi , Weng Mouyi , Li Songge , Guo Zenglong , Wang Gang , Han Mengjiao , Pan Feng , Lin Junhao
Published: September 2021

Probing large‐scale intrinsic structure of air‐sensitive 2D materials with atomic resolution is so far challenging due to their rapid oxidization and contamination. Here, by keeping the whole experiment including growth, transfer, and characterizations in an interconnected atmosphere‐control environment, the large‐scale intact lattice structure of air‐sensitive monolayer 1T’‐WTe2 is directly visualized by atom‐resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy. Benefit from the large‐scale atomic mapping, collective lattice distortions are further unveiled due to the presence of anisotropic rippling, which propagates perpendicular to only one of the preferential lattice planes in the same WTe2 monolayer. Such anisotropic lattice rippling modulates the intrinsic point defect (Te vacancy) distribution, in which they aggregate at the constrictive inner side of the undulating structure, presumably due to the ripple‐induced asymmetric strain as elaborated by density functional theory. The results pave the way for atomic characterizations and defect engineering of air‐sensitive 2D layered materials.
There and back again: The biosocial dynamics of returning from the field
Authors: Sarma Mallika S. , Gildner Theresa E. , Howells Michaela E. , Lew‐Levy Sheina , Trumble Benjamin C. , Fuentes Agustín
Published: September 2021

Background

Leaving “home” to pursue fieldwork is a necessity but also a rite of passage for many biological anthropology/human biology scholars. Field‐based scientists prepare for the potential changes to activity patterns, sleep schedules, social interactions, and more that come with going to the field. However, returning from extended fieldwork and the reverse‐culture shock, discomforts, and mental shifts that are part of the return process can be jarring, sometimes traumatic experiences. A failure to acknowledge and address such experiences can compromise the health and wellbeing of those returning.

Aims

We argue for an engaged awareness of the difficult nature of returning from the field and offer suggestions for individuals and programs to better train and prepare PhD students pursuing fieldwork.

Materials & Methods

Here, we offer personal stories of "coming back" and give professional insights on how to best ready students and scholars for returning from fieldwork.

Discussion/Conclusion

By bringing forward and normalizing the difficulty of the fieldwork‐return process, we hope that this reflection acts as a tool for future scholars to prepare to come home as successfully and consciously as possible.
A novel homozygous mutation in the human ALG12 gene results in an aberrant profile of oligomannose N‐glycans in patient's serum
Authors: Ziburová Jana , Nemčovič Marek , Šesták Sergej , Bellová Jana , Pakanová Zuzana , Siváková Barbara , Šalingová Anna , Šebová Claudia , Ostrožlíková Mária , Lekka Dimitra‐Evanthia , Brucknerová Jana , Brucknerová Ingrid , Skokňová Martina , Mc Cullough Alexandra , Hrčková Gabriela , Hlavatá Anna , Bzdúch Vladimír , Mucha Ján , Baráth Peter
Published: September 2021

Congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ig (ALG12‐CDG) is a rare inherited metabolic disease caused by a defect in alpha‐mannosyltransferase 8, encoded by the ALG12 gene (22q13.33). To date, only 15 patients have been diagnosed with ALG12‐CDG globally. Due to a newborn Slovak patient's clinical and biochemical abnormalities, the isoelectric focusing of transferrin was performed with observed significant hypoglycosylation typical of CDG I. Furthermore, analysis of neutral serum N‐glycans by mass spectrometry revealed the accumulation of GlcNAc2Man5–7 and decreased levels of GlcNAc2Man8–9, which indicated impaired ALG12 enzymatic activity. Genetic analysis of the coding regions of the ALG12 gene of the patient revealed a novel homozygous substitution mutation c.1439T>C p.(Leu480Pro) within Exon 10. Furthermore, both of the patient's parents and his twin sister were asymptomatic heterozygous carriers of the variant. This comprehensive genomic and glycomic approach led to the confirmation of the ALG12 pathogenic variant responsible for the clinical manifestation of the disorder in the patient described.
Conformational Adaptation of β‐Peptide Foldamers for the Formation of Metal–Peptide Frameworks
Authors: Jeong Seoneun , Zhang Lianjin , Kim Jaewook , Gong Jintaek , Choi Jonghoon , Ok Kang Min , Lee Yunho , Kwon Sunbum , Lee Hee‐Seung
Published: September 2021

Metal‐coordinated frameworks derived from small peptidic ligands have received much attention thanks to peptides’ vast structural and functional diversity. Various peptides with partial conformational preferences have been used to build metal–peptide frameworks, however, the use of conformationally constrained β‐peptide foldamers has not been explored yet. Herein we report the first metal‐coordination‐mediated assembly of β‐peptide foldamers with 12‐helical folding propensity. The coordination of Ag+ to the terminal pyridyl moieties afforded a set of metal–peptide frameworks with unique entangled topologies. Interestingly, formation of the network structures was accompanied by notable conformational distortions of the foldamer ligands. As the first demonstration of new metal–peptide frameworks built from modular β‐peptide foldamers, we anticipate that this work will be an important benchmark for further structural evolution and mechanistic investigation.
Changes in the dielectric constant of interphase volume in polyimide–ceramic nanocomposites: A power law model approach
Authors: Lay Makara , Meng Sopheak , Ismail Hanafi , Huat Tan Soon , Todo Mitsugu
Published: September 2021

The interphase properties in nanocomposites indicate the interaction between filler and matrix, which is dependent on the preparation method, shape, and size of filler and the chemical interaction between two phases. Local chemical environment in polymer matrix give rise to the different dielectric properties compared to that of bulk material. These properties allow the understanding of their effects on the dielectric properties and glass transition (Tg) of the nanocomposites. In this study, interphase power law model was used to predict the interphase properties based on the experimental dielectric constant of polyimide (PI) with BaTiO3, TiO2, and ZrO2 nanocomposites. They were prepared via in situ polymerization of PI whose dielectric constant were increased at interphase filler volume fraction of BaTiO3, TiO2, and ZrO2 at 3.8, 2.05, and 1.7, respectively. These results indicate that PI/ceramics nanocomposites had poor dispersion and weak interphase interaction between the filler and the matrix, as an evidence of scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results. However, PI incorporated with high aspect ratio of BaTiO3 nanofiber shows better dispersion than nanocomposites of TiO2 and ZrO2 filled PI; therefore provide higher dielectric constant and Tg.
Electroresponsive and spinnable hydrogels from xanthan gum and gelatin enhanced by Fe3+ ions coordination
Authors: Xu Qianru , Zhang Yaqi , Zhang Ruquan , Tao Yongzhen
Published: September 2021

Polyelectrolyte hydrogels with spinnability and electroresponsive were prepared from xanthan gum (XG) and gelatin. Oscillatory rheological measurements were utilized to explore mechanical properties and thermal stability of the resultant XG‐Gelatin5 hydrogels. The XG‐Gelatin5 hydrogels possessed higher strength and larger critical strain than these of the XG hydrogels, demonstrating existence of synergistic interactions. The XG‐Gelatin5 hydrogels were stable in temperature range of 20–60°C, and gradually release drug with controlled manner in neutral and acid medium at 37°C. The self‐recoverable and thixotropic XG‐Gelatin5 hydrogels were extruded to form hydrogel fibers, and the dried hydrogel fibers rapidly bend towards cathode under applied voltage. Long hydrogel fibers were harvested with enhancement by Fe3+ ions, and were weaved and braided to obtain hydrogel fiber constructs. The XG‐Gelatin5 hydrogel fibers with electroresponsive and controlled drug release possess potential applications in biomaterials, tissue engineering, and drug carrier fields.
Synthesis and characteristics of poly(ethylene terephthalate) with EO‐PO‐EO triblock copolymers: A thermal and mechanical property study
Authors: Mao Hsu‐I , Hsu Te‐Sheng , Chen Chin‐Wen , Huang Kuan‐Wei , Rwei Syang‐Peng
Published: September 2021

A series of multiblock copolymers poly(ethylene terephthalate)‐co‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(propylene glycol)‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PET‐X%‐E‐P‐E) were synthesized from dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), ethylene glycol (EG) and poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(propylene glycol)‐poly(ethylene glycol) (E‐P‐E) with a two‐step procedure via melt polymerization. The structure, composition, crystallization behavior, and thermal stability of the synthesized copolymers were determined by 1H‐NMR, FT‐IR, XRD, DSC, and TGA measurements. All samples exhibited good thermal stability at a Td‐5% above 300°C. DSC results revealed an increment trend of crystallization ability of copolymers in lower E‐P‐E content and then decreased when E‐P‐E concentration gradually raised to 40 wt%. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of copolymers were investigated systematically; the incorporation with E‐P‐E segments significantly enhanced the toughness and water absorption ability. Impact strength increased from 670.46 to 4448.75 J/m2, and water absorption values raised from 0.7% to 3.4% of the content of E‐P‐E increased. The stress–strain curve exhibited that tensile strength reduced from 40.38 to 17.88 MPa, the elongation at break increased from 4.6 to 27.9%. These new tough PET materials have an important application in toughness polyester fiber by the melt‐spinning techniques.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3,5‐diaryl‐pyrazole derivatives as potential antiprostate cancer agents
Authors: Anil Derya , Caykoylu Emine U. , Sanli Fatma , Gambacorta Nicola , Karatas Omer F. , Nicolotti Orazio , Algul Oztekin , Burmaoglu Serdar
Published: September 2021

Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed tumor in men and the second leading cause of cancer‐associated mortality in most developed countries. 3,5‐Diaryl substituted pyrazole derivatives (20–28) were prepared starting from related chalcones and biologically evaluated for in vitro growth inhibition activity against PC3 and DU145 human prostate cancer cell lines. Compounds 23, 26, and 28 were found to be more potent as compared to the other halogen‐substituted derivatives. Especially, the 2‐bromo‐substituted pyrazole derivative (26) was found to be more potent against PC3 and DU145 cells. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) are known to be expressed in DU145 and PC3 cancer cells. The binding mode of the most selective compound 26 toward EGFR and VEGFR2 was investigated by employing docking simulations based on GLIDE standard precision (−5.912 and −6.949 kcal/mol, respectively).
2D Graphdiyne: A Rising Star on the Horizon of Energy Conversion
Authors: Wang Zhongqiang , Qi Lu , Zheng Zhiqiang , Xue Yurui , Li Yuliang
Published: September 2021

Two‐dimensional (2D) graphdiyne (GDY), a rapidly rising star on the horizon of carbon materials, is a new carbon allotrope featuring sp‐ and sp2‐cohybridized carbon atoms and 2D one‐atom‐thick network. Since the first successful synthesis of GDY by Professor Li's group in 2010, GDY has attached great interests from both scientific and industrial viewpoints based on its unique structure and physicochemical properties, which provides a fertile ground for applications in various fields including electrocatalysis, energy conversion, energy storage and optoelectronic devices. In this work, various potential properties of the GDY‐based electrocatalysts and their recent advances in energy conversion are reviewed, including atomic catalysts, heterogeneous catalysts, and metal‐free catalysts. The critical role of GDY in improving catalytic activity and stability is analyzed. The perspectives of the challenges and opportunities faced by GDY‐based materials for energy conversion are also outlined.
Improved results on state estimation for switched continuous‐time linear systems
Authors: Chen Yu , Wang Yue‐E , Wu Di
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates the state estimation problem for switched linear systems involving additive disturbance and measurement noise, whose modes need not to be cooperative. Under the assumption that there exist nonsingular matrices that transform the observer error system matrices into Metzler ones, by using multiple Lyapunov functions and average dwell time method, hybrid state observers, which can produce a framer covering all possible state trajectories, are designed in two cases, that is, all the subsystems are stable and some of the subsystems may be unstable. The constructed interval observer for the considered systems are hybrid dynamical systems and the initialized states of the upper and lower observers at each switching instants are coupled, since the transformation matrices for different subsystems are different. Compared with the robust observer design for switched systems with arbitrary switching sequences in the literature, the difficulty consists in proposing new observer design conditions related to the state reset at the switching instants for switched systems under average dwell time scheme. Finally, two examples are given to show the efficiency of the proposed approach.
A Bayesian longitudinal trend analysis of count data with Gaussian processes
Authors: VanSchalkwyk Samantha , Jeske Daniel R. , Kim Jane H. , Martins‐Green Manuela
Published: September 2021

The context of comparing two different groups of subjects that are measured repeatedly over time is considered. Our specific focus is on highly variable count data which have a nonnegligible frequency of zeros and have time trends that are difficult to characterize. These challenges are often present when analyzing bacteria or gene expression data sets. Traditional longitudinal data analysis methods, including generalized estimating equations, can be challenged by the features present in these types of data sets. We propose a Bayesian methodology that effectively confronts these challenges. A key feature of the methodology is the use of Gaussian processes to flexibly model the time trends. Inference procedures based on both sharp and interval null hypotheses are discussed, including for the important hypotheses that test for group differences at individual time points. The proposed methodology is illustrated with next‐generation sequencing (NGS) data sets corresponding to two different experimental conditions. In particular, the method is applied to a case study containing bacteria counts of mice with chronic and nonchronic wounds to identify potential wound‐healing probiotics. The methodology can be applied to similar NGS data sets comparing two groups of subjects.
Box–Behnken design avenue for development and validation of high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography method for estimation of rutin in Hemidesmus indicus
Authors: Shrivastava Suman , Daharwal Sanjay J.
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the content of rutin in Hemidesmus indicus and to optimize the high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography method. The method was validated in compliance with the International Council for Harmonisation guidelines Q2 (R1) for parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, limit of detection, and limit of quantitation. A Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology has been used to investigate the impact of independent variables on the response. Three independent variables, mobile phase composition (% v/v), mobile phase volume (mL), and duration of saturation (min), were studied. Rutin was verified, and its content was determined using a validated high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography method with good linearity within the range of 200–1000 ng spot–1 with r2 = 0.9998 and correlation coefficient with calibration curve equation y = 0.0297x + 0.0001. The average percentage recovery values varied from 99.03 to 101.15 and 98.88 to 100.12%, respectively, for in‐house and marketed mother tincture). The peak area determination at three different concentration levels shows low values of percentage relative standard deviation (<2%) for inter‐day (0.04–0.06) and intra‐day (0.04–0.05) precision of rutin. The average content of rutin in extract and marketed mother tincture was 229 ± 0.57 and 210 ± 0.57 μg g–1. The proposed method was simple, precise, and accurate for the determination of rutin with frequent quality control assessment of H. indicus.
Recent advances in the chromatographic determination of the most commonly used anti‐hepatitis C drug sofosbuvir and its co‐administered drugs in human plasma
Authors: Abdel‐Tawab Muhammed Abdel‐Hamied , Abd El‐Moghny Muhammad G. , El Nashar Rasha Mohamed
Published: September 2021

Sofosbuvir is a direct‐acting antiviral drug that inhibits hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase, which in turn affects the virus replication inside biological systems. The clinical importance of sofosbuvir is based not only on its effect on HCV but also on other lethal viruses such as Zika and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease 2019 (SARS‐COVID‐19). Accordingly, there is a continuous shedding of light on the development and validation of accurate and fast analytical methods for the determination of sofosbuvir in different environments. This work critically reviews the recent advances in chromatographic methods for the analysis of sofosbuvir and/or its metabolites in pure samples, pharmaceutical dosage forms, and in the presence of other co‐administered drugs to highlight the current status and future perspectives to enhance its determination in different matrixes.
Delving into brand anthropomorphisation strategies in the experiential context of name‐brand voice assistants
Authors: Vernuccio Maria , Patrizi Michela , Pastore Alberto
Published: September 2021

Consumers' increasing use of voice‐activated artificial intelligence technologies is stimulating the development of a new line of research in the field of marketing aiming to analyse the branding implications in this innovative experiential context. The spread of so‐called name‐brand voice assistants (NBVAs) is creating interesting opportunities in terms of brand anthropomorphism. The brand anthropomorphisation strategies adopted by companies are poorly studied in the academic literature, and only one contribution has been made in the experiential field of NBVAs. Therefore, the objective of our work is to begin to fill this gap by investigating the pillars of brand anthropomorphisation strategies (i.e., activities and branding outcomes) in the specific NBVA context by adopting a managerial perspective. Therefore, we followed an exploratory qualitative approach based on in‐depth personal interviews with practitioners engaged in these strategies in the automotive sector. The resulting cognitive map reveals the following three levels of strategic pillars: drivers (i.e., designing a human‐like brand voice and human‐like consumer‐brand dialogue), intermediate outcomes (i.e., brand personality and the strength of consumer‐brand relationships), and final outcomes (i.e., multidimensional brand loyalty). Our study enriches both the literature concerning brand anthropomorphisation strategies and the nascent stream on NBVAs and provides managerial guidelines in the new in‐car NBVA context.
Counselor Educators' Perspectives on Helpful Learning for Clinical Mental Health Counseling Students
Authors: West Erin M. , Moate Randall , Baltrinic Eric R. , Fye Heather J.
Published: September 2021

Thirty‐two counselor educators completed Q sorts measuring beliefs about helpful learning for clinical mental health counseling students. Four viewpoints developed: Preparing Scientists of Counseling, Preparing Agents of Change, Preparing Lifelong Learner‐Practitioners, Preparing Artists of Counseling. Implications for teaching and curricula within counselor education programs and future research directions are discussed.