bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Regulatory Resistance Exercise on Brain Neuroplasticity Factors in Prediabetic Elderly
Authors: Kim Dong-Min , Kang Sunghwun
Published: March 2021

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether regulatory resistance exercise is as effective as aerobic training at improving the blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and nerve growth factors (NGF) as well as Cathepsin B, which are major factors contributing to the regulation of glucose metabolism and neuroplasticity, in prediabetic elderly.METHODS:Among the elderly aged 65 years or older who attended the B welfare center in C city, 16 patients who had no disease and had HbA1c of 5.7-6.4% were randomly assigned into either control group (CO, n=8, age 69.12±2.07 years) and resistance exercise group (RE, n=8, 71.25±1.69 years). Both groups were exercised three times a week for 12 weeks with the exercise intensity of 200- 250 kcal consumed Body composition and basic physical fitness tests were measured at baseline and at week 12. Blood levels of BDNF, NGF and Cathepsin B were also analyzed by using glucose metabolism factor and enzyme immunoassay.RESULTS:As a result, there were no significant differences in all body composition in both CO and RE. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in all variables of the glycolysis factor. The blood levels of BDNF and NGF were significantly increased after the 12 weeks exercise program in the RE compared with the CO (p<.05).CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, regular resistance exercise seems to be effective in increasing the brain neuroplasticity factors BDNF and NGF in prediabetic elderly. Depending on the prediabetes stage or the period of stay in the diabetic stage, further study is needed after considering the exercise period and intensity.
Ver: analogismo e naturalismo em uma cena da Anunciação (c. 1470)
Authors: Sá Luiz César de
Published: March 2021

RESUMO Propõe-se neste texto um desenho teórico para estudo de modos de visualização da pintura na primeira época moderna. A análise da Anunciação, retábulo atribuído a Francesco del Cossa (c. 1470), com o auxílio de uma ontologia das imagens, acarretará três hipóteses que revisam interpretações correntes. Primeira, o retábulo introduzia uma metarrelação entre palavras e coisas tida por efeito direto da Causa Primeira indiretamente testemunhado sob doutrinas teológicas de causalidade. Segunda, os comitentes do retábulo, franciscanos da Osservanza de Bolonha, consumiram a imagem em meio a uma espiritualidade pública nutrida por cultos marianos que encenavam vínculos místicos entre o microcosmo e o macrocosmo. Terceira, os códigos naturalistas da obra, calcados no ponto de vista imperial, na perspectiva e na disposição racional da cena alinhavam-se a um sistema de inferências analogista, de que resultou um realismo híbrido.
Amphibians and reptiles from the Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Brazil, one of the world's largest urban forests
Authors: Dorigo Thiago , Siqueira Carla , Oliveira Jane Célia Ferreira , Fusinatto Luciana Ardenghi , Santos-Pereira Manuela , Almeida-Santos Marlon , Rocha Carlos Frederico Duarte
Published: March 2021

The Parque Nacional da Tijuca in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is considered to be one of the world’s largest urban forests, however no systematic inventory of its herpetofauna is available. In the present study, we surveyed the amphibians and reptiles of this park to assess its species composition (including secondary data) and obtain estimates of species richness and abundance. We conducted active searches (460 hours) between January 2013 and December 2015. We identified the taxa endemic to either the Atlantic Forest or Rio de Janeiro state, and verified the conservation status of each species in the international, Brazilian, and state red lists. We also estimated the species richness and sampling sufficiency by rarefaction curves and Bootstrap richness estimator, and analyzed the distribution of the species abundance in Whittaker plots. We recorded 3,288 individuals over 36 months, representing 24 species of amphibians and 25 reptiles. The cumulative species curves, rarefaction, and the richness estimated indicated that sampling effort was adequate. Species abundance adjusted to the log-series model in both amphibians and reptiles. The four most abundant amphibians represented 70% of the individuals recorded in this group, while the two most abundant reptiles represented 60% of the total individuals. The inclusion of the secondary data raised the number of amphibian species to 38, and the number of reptiles to 36. Approximately 80% of the amphibian species and 28% of the reptile species recorded are endemic to the Atlantic Forest, and six of the amphibian species are endemic to Rio de Janeiro state. Six amphibian species and one reptile specie are classified under some threat of extinction, and two reptile species were exotic. The considerable diversity of the herpetofauna of the Parque Nacional da Tijuca, which includes endemic and threatened species, reflects the effectiveness of the reforestation of this protected area and emphasizes the importance of its conservation.
The comparison of central hepatic segments resection versus extended hepatectomies outcomes in children with liver tumors
Authors: Akhaladze D. G. , Rabaev G. S. , Uskova N. G. , Merkulov N. N. , Talypov S. R. , Slinin A. S. , Grachev N. S.
Published: March 2021

Aim. To analyze the safety and advantages of central resection in comparison with extended hepatectomies.   Methods. From June 2017 to May 2020 29 central and extended liver resections for children were performed. Central hepatic resections were carried out in 8, extended hepatectomies – in 21 patients. Preoperative investigations, intraoperative and postoperative data in both groups were analyzed.

Results. The main indication for surgery was hepatoblastoma. Future liver remnant volume was significantly higher in central resections group (р = 0.003). No difference in median operative time (р = 0.94), intraoperative blood loss (р = 0.078) and blood transfusion rate (р = 0.057) were found between groups. There were no postoperative complications difference. Also no difference in hospital stay length (р = 0.3) were found.

Conclusion. In comparison with extended procedures, central liver resection has similar complication rate. Central hepatectomy is a safe procedure in children with liver tumors, which allows to preserve more healthy parenchyma.
Review: Lucy Arnold, Reading Hilary Mantel: Haunted Decades. Bloomsbury Academic, 2020
Authors: Dix Hywel Rowland
Published: March 2021

A review of 'Reading Hilary Mantel: Haunted Decades' by Lucy Arnold.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ПРОЦЕДУРЫ ЭКСПЕРТИЗЫ В СФЕРЕ ЗАКУПОК НЕМАТЕРИАЛЬНЫХ АКТИВОВ
Authors: Лазарев Артур Викторович , Лазарева Анастасия Романовна , Голощапова Людмила Вячеславовна
Published: March 2021

Цель исследования – провести обзор теоретической базы процедуры проведения экспертизы в сфере закупки нематериальных активов.

Материалы, методы и условия проведения исследований. Изучены нормативно-правовые акты, а также федеральный закон от 05.04.2013 г. №44-ФЗ «О контрактной системе в сфере закупок товаров, работ, услуг для обеспечения государственных и муниципальных нужд» и федеральный закон от 18.07.2011 г. №223-ФЗ «О закупках товаров, работ, услуг отдельными видами юридических лиц».

Задачи исследования – проанализировать и оценить целесообразность и эффективность привлечения внешних экспертов к процессу внутреннего контроля в сравнении с использованием труда внутреннего сотрудника в условиях государственных закупок.

Результаты исследования. В статье охарактеризован понятийный аппарат эксперта, рассмотрено понятие закупок нематериальных активов и то, какую часть из них на современном этапе занимает закупка программного обеспечения. Уделено внимание производственной процедуре закупок программного обеспечения иностранного происхождения, при этом сформирован ответ на вопрос: как выгоднее и эффективнее проводить экспертизу – с привлечением сторонних организаций или собственными силами? Также даны разъяснения по основным ключевым количественным и качественным показателям экспертизы программного обеспечения в условиях санкционного ограничения и дистантной работы.

Перспектива исследования. В настоящее время актуальна проблема эффективного анализа и экспертизы закупок нематериальных активов, потому что они играют значимую роль в формировании имущественного комплекса организации. В случае если закупка сделана некачественно, пострадает учет организации и эффективность использования государственных ресурсов.
ПРАВОВОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ ОБОРОТА ЦИФРОВЫХ ФИНАНСОВЫХ АКТИВОВ: ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ И ОБЗОР ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬНОЙ НОВЕЛЛЫ
Authors: Довлатова Аракси Манвеловна
Published: March 2021

Целью исследования является анализ и правовой обзор новых для законодательства России положений ФЗ от 31.07.2020 г. №259-ФЗ «О цифровых финансовых активах, цифровой валюте и о внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Российской Федерации», актуальных предпосылок для его принятия, а также оценка реальных перспектив в дальнейшем развитии правового регулирования проблемы цифровых финансовых активов.

Методологическую базу исследования представляют собой теоретические подходы к определению правового статуса, правовой природы и места цифровых финансовых активов (в том числе в системе возможных объектов гражданских прав), их разновидностей и возможности обращения в рамках отечественного правового поля.

Результаты исследования. Одним из значимых результатов является выявление не только некоторых преимуществ законодательной новеллы ввиду ее безусловной актуальности, стратегической важности и необходимости в регламентации, но и изучение слабых сторон (к примеру, ограничивающих криптовалюту как средство платежа, несмотря на то, что как раз это теоретически и практически является одной из ее главных функций) и малоэффективности отдельных положений, которые в ближайшем будущем потребуют более детальной и углубленной проработки с учетом особенностей рассмотренных объектов. Эти обстоятельства указывают на то, что исследуемая новелла представляет собой только первые шаги законодателя по решению данной проблемы, требующей на самом деле довольно скорых поправок по причине нарастающей динамики транснационального обращения цифровых прав и активов, а также все большей цифровизации общества в целом.

Перспективу исследования составляет изучение конкретных инструментов и аспектов выпуска и обращения плодов цифровой экономики в соответствии с их сущностной спецификой – свободой, трансграничным характером и существованием фактически «над» правовыми системами, что является своего рода отражением тенденций нынешнего времени, которые в любом случае ожидают точечного и современного подхода.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ЦИФРОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ НА ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ РОСТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: Калинина Антонина Михайловна , Куликов Михаил Михайлович
Published: March 2021

Целью исследования является выявление специфики применения цифровых технологий на промышленных предприятиях Ростовской области, обусловленное располагаемыми ресурсами спецификой деятельности предприятий.

Методологическую базу исследования представляют нормативно-правовые акты по цифровизации, статистические данные российских рейтингов промышленного развития, научные публикации, аналитические и отраслевые отчеты по цифровизации, а также структурный анализ и элементы сравнительного анализа. Применение этих методов и подходов позволяет изучить применяемые в промышленности цифровые технологии, их достоинства и недостатки, спрогнозировать предполагаемые результаты от их внедрения.

Результаты исследования. Одним из важных результатов является алгоритм внедрения цифровых технологий на промышленном предприятии, разработанный на основе выявленных закономерностей текущего распространения цифровизации на крупных предприятиях Ростовской области. Полагаем, что существенное влияние на внедрение IT-технологий оказывает специфика деятельности предприятия, а также имеющиеся отечественные цифровые технологии. Однако при использовании цифровых технологий стоит предусмотреть увеличение рисков для предприятия и значительные затраты на подготовку инфраструктуры, оборудования и переподготовку кадрового состава.

Перспективу исследования составляет углубленный анализ факторов, влияющих на распространение цифровизации на промышленных предприятиях Ростовской области, а также исследование полезного эффекта от их внедрения.
ФИЛОСОФСКИЕ РАЗМЫШЛЕНИЯ О ВОЙНЕ И МИРЕ В ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ ПИСАТЕЛЯ-ФРОНТОВИКА В. М. ШАПОВАЛОВА
Authors: Дергачева Елена Александровна
Published: March 2021

Целью исследования является изучение творческого наследия писателя-фронтовика В.М. Шаповалова как величайшего гуманиста, патриота, мыслителя военной, советской и современной эпохи, что позволяет представить его прозаические невымышленные литературно-художественные произведения как философские размышления очевидца о войне и мире, сущности жизни, передать духовное послание писателя современникам и потомкам, бережно сохраняя неувядающую ценность мыслей гения ушедшего столетия.

Методологическую базу исследования составляет междисциплинарный подход, базирующийся на социально-философском осмыслении творческого наследия В. М. Шаповалова, позволяющий объединить разнородные мировоззренческие позиции – литературоведов, историков, культурологов, педагогов, социологов и философов в единой канве размышлений писателя и исследователей его произведений о глубинной сущности войны и мира.

Результаты исследования заключаются в систематизации многогранного духовного наследия писателя В. М. Шаповалова с точки зрения социально-философского понимания происходящих на протяжении почти столетия в обществе, человеке и природе процессов, передачи опыта очевидца военной эпохи современникам и потомкам во имя поддержания ценности жизни и недопущения развития военных событий.

Перспективу исследования составляют возможности дальнейшего междисциплинарного историко-краеведческого и литературно-художественного осмысления эпохи времен Великой Отечественной войны, послевоенного времени и современности в произведениях и очерках писателя.
Evaluation of Environmental Friendliness and Efficiency of Biomass Gasification Processes
Authors:   Kazan State Power Engineering University, Kazan, Russia, Demin A. V.
Published: March 2021

The results of numerical studies of biomass gasification are presented: litter masses of poultry farming, sewage sludge, woodworking waste. A schematic diagram of a gasification installation using thermal energy obtained by burning a certain part of the generated synthesis gas is proposed. The optimal operating parameters of steam gasification, contributing to an increase in the degree of conversion of carbon into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, as well as operating parameters of combustion of a mixture of air and a part of the generated synthesis gas, contributing to the minimum content of harmful substances emitted into the atmospheric air in combustion products have been determined.
The Influence of Natural and Man-Made Landscape Conditions on the Formation of Biological Heterogeneity in the Population of the Great Tit (Parus major L.)
Authors:   Michurinsk State Agrarian University, Michurinsk, Russia, Miklyaeva M. A. , Okolelov A. Yu. ,   Michurinsk State Agrarian University, Michurinsk, Russia, Zolotova O. M. ,   Michurinsk State Agrarian University, Michurinsk, Russia, Popova E. E. ,   Michurinsk State Agrarian University, Michurinsk, Russia, Kozachek A. V. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia
Published: March 2021

The paper studies the size of the clutch and morphometric features of eggs, the growth and development of chicks of the great tit. Their dependence on many factors regulating the number of individuals and influencing the formation of the population as a whole is shown. The impact of exogenous factors on birds is perceived differently, due to their heterogeneity, which subsequently manifested itself in the ratio of large and small clutches, and a decrease in their number.
The Analysis of Factors Influencing the Development of Quality Management of Industrial Infrastructure and Construction Industry of Russia
Authors:   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia, Ayvazyan N. L. , Kapiya T. K. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia, Zharikov R. V. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia, Bezpalov V. V. ,   G. V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia
Published: March 2021

The current state and development of the quality management of the industrial infrastructure and construction industry in Russia are investigated. The relevance of the study is due to the rapid changes in environmental conditions, which complicates the process of organizing the construction of industry infrastructure and construction activities in general. The theoretical foundations of the building complex and its practical role in the formation of the national economic system of the Russian Federation are presented. The statistical materials of Rosstat are analyzed in order to determine the current trends in the development of the country’s construction market, the main factors that negatively affect the current stage of development of the industry infrastructure and the construction complex in Russia. An assessment of the implementation of the “Strategy for the innovative development of the construction industry of the Russian Federation until 2030” is given, and urgent problems that require immediate solutions are identified.
New Priorities of State Policy in the Housing Sector to Improve the Quality of Life of the Population of the Tambov Region
Authors:   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia, Spiridonov S. P. , Shtanko O. P. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia
Published: March 2021

The strategy for the development of the housing sector of the Russian Federation is analyzed, which sets out the main state instruments for increasing the affordability of housing. A short analysis of the general state of the mortgage housing market is presented. Comparison of the international and Russian market of commercial rental housing is carried out. The idea of developing the institute of apartment buildings as an effective tool that will allow the middle class to get affordable housing of adequate quality is proposed.
PSYCHOLOGICAL PORTRAIT OF A CHARACTER BASED ON THE POEM “ GAMZRDELI (THE MASTER)” BY AKAKI TSERETELI
Authors: KHORBALADZE Giorgi
Published: March 2021

The aim of the current scholarly work is to present to the wider audience the psychological portrait of a character based on the poem “ the Master” by Akaki Tsereteli.
“The master” , one of the famous poem has been under the scrutiny and subject of the animated discussion since it was written. It is almost impossible to find a well- respected scholar who has not touched the subject. The poem was written a century ago but the idea, depth and mesmerizing variety of characters and their complex personalities are as interesting and urgent as it was one hundred year ago.
Therefore, the objective of the given research is the psychological portrait of the main character of the Poem, Batu. In the early stage of the research, using the psychoanalysis method, we anticipate that Batu’s action could not have been triggered by the heat of the moment, rather we think that these actions should have had the precondition in the form of inner sets, which will discuss in the later parts of the research paper.
By using the psychoanalysis method, we think, we have achieved the desired goal of opening up the plethora of inner sets of the main character and it, respectively triggered the proposition of interesting topics, such us:
• the portrayal of inner sets of an ideal hero, which are described by his unconscious in his actions;
• finding the links between the constitutive dispositions and the life’s destiny of the character;
• finding the hidden protest of a character in his unconscious actions towards the social and class segregation
• finding the roots of the personal conflicts, in a non-direct stage of competition
• emotional experience of pride, as a trigger of direct competition against the foe
• finding the links between the unreachable unconscious and the artistic creations.
The association between echo intensity and muscle strength or physical performance in the older population: a scoping review v1
Authors: Kitagawa Takashi , Nakamura Masatoshi , Fukumoto Yoshihiro
Published: March 2021

Objective: The purpose of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of evidence in relation to the usefulness of muscle echo intensity using ultrasound imaging in the assessment of physical performance. Introduction: Recently, there has been an increasing number of reports on the use of ultrasound imaging to assess muscle strength or physical performance. While indices such as muscle thickness are common, reports on the relationship between muscle echo intensity and physical function have increased in the last few years. In the absence of randomized controlled trials of sufficient quantity and quality, a comprehensive summary of these studies has yet to be reported. Inclusion criteria: The participants should be healthy participants who are over 65 years old. The concept will be the investigation of the relationship between muscle echo intensity using ultrasound imaging and physical function such as muscle strength or physical performance (e.g., a sit and stand test or 6 minutes walking test). For context, only observational studies should be included. Methods: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and Web of Science will be systematically searched using the keywords “echo intensity,” “ultrasound,” and “geriatrics”until March 2021. In the first screening step, two independent reviewers will review all of the titles and abstracts to exclude irrelevant articles. The second screening step will be according to the same inclusion criteria.
Oxford Nanopore sequencing and library construction v1
Authors: Zhang Rui
Published: March 2021

The humpback puffer,Tetraodon palembangensis, is a species of poisonous freshwater pufferfish mainly distributed in Southeast Asia (Thailand, Laos, Malaysia and Indonesia). The humpback puffer has many interesting biological features, such as inactivity, tetrodotoxin production and body expansion. Here, we reported the first chromosome-level genome assembly of the humpback puffer. The genome size is 362 Mb with ~1.78 Mb contig N50 and ~15.8 Mb scaffold N50. Based on the genome, ~61.5Mb (18.11%) repeat sequences were identified, 19,925 genes were annotated, and 90.01% of these genes could be predicted with function. Finally, a phylogenetic tree of ten teleost fish species was constructed, which suggests that humpback puffer and T. nigroviridis shared a common ancestor at 18.1 MYA and diverged from T. rubripes at 45.8 MYA. The humpback puffer genome will be a valuable genomic resource to illustrate possible mechanisms of tetrodotoxin synthesis and tolerance.
Oxford Nanopore sequencing and library construction v1
Authors: Zhang Rui
Published: March 2021

This is a protocol for Oxford Nanopore sequencing and library construction, which was used in the humpback puffer genome sequence.
Evaluation of changes in fuel delivery rate by electromagnetic injectors in a common rail system during simulated operation
Authors: Kamiński Mariusz , Budzyński Piotr , Hunicz Jacek , Józwik Jerzy
Published: March 2021

The objective of this study was to determine changes in fuel delivery rate by common rail
system injectors during their simulated operation on a test stand. Four Bosch injectors used,
among others, in Fiat 1.3 Multijet engines were tested. The injectors were operated on a
test rig at room temperature for 500 hours (more than 72 million work cycles). During the
test, pressure and injection frequency were changed. Changes in the operating parameters
were estimated based on obtained injection characteristics and effective flow area determined thereby. The observed changes in fuel delivery rate were compared with results of
the surface analysis of control valves and nozzle needles. Despite the stated lack of wear,
significant changes in the dynamics of injector operation were observed, particularly at short
injection times. Small pilot injections cannot be corrected by the fuel injection control system because they do not affect the changes in torque; however, they do affect the combustion
process. This creates conditions for increased emission of toxic exhaust components.
Investigation of Ionic EAP Actuators with Metal and Polymer Electrodes in Aqueous Medium
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical University ETU LETI, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation, Khmelnitskiy I.K. , Aivazyan V.M. ,   Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical University ETU LETI, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation, Alekseyev N.I. ,   Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical University ETU LETI, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation, Broyko A.P. ,   Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical University ETU LETI, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation, Luchinin V.V. ,   Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical University ETU LETI, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation, Testov D.O. ,   Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical University ETU LETI, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

Electroactive polymers (EAP) are promising materials for creating electromechanical transducers. Among ionic EAP, ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMC), which are an ion-exchange membrane with metal electrodes on both sides, have been widely spread and well studied. The evolutionary development of IPMC results in ionic polymer-polymer composites (IP2C), in which polymer electrodes are used. To obtain IPMC actuators with platinum electrodes, the method of chemical reduction from the salt solution was chosen, and to obtain IP2C actuators with PEDOT electrodes, the method of in situ polymerization of the monomer on the membrane surface was chosen. Samples of 2x0.5 cm in size based on the MF-4SK membrane with a thickness of 290 μm were preliminarily kept in deionized water (H+ form) and in 0.1 M CuSO4 aqueous solution (Cu2+ form), after which their performance was studied in air, in deionized water, as well as in aqueous solutions of CuSO4 and NaCl. When applying a DC voltage and a sine wave AC voltage, a decrease in the maximum displacement and peak-to-peak displacement of the IPMC actuators and IP2C actuators with an increase in the ionic strength of the liquid was observed, except for the case of the IPMC actuator operation in CuSO4 aqueous solutions. In all considered media, the IPMC actuators and IP2C actuators in Cu2+ form displaced more strongly than the corresponding samples in H+ form, except for the IP2C actuators in deionized water. The largest peak-to-peak displacement was demonstrated by the IPMC actuators in Cu2+form when operating in air (5 mm) and the IP2С actuators in H+ form when operating in deionized water (8.4 mm).
Thin Film Based Micro-Machined Sensor Development and Mitigation of Process Challenges
Authors:   UR Rao Satellite Centre, Bangalore, India, Kamaljeet Singh  , Sharma S.V. ,   UR Rao Satellite Centre, Bangalore, India
Published: March 2021

Realization of thin film based sensor employing bulk micro-machined process using wet chemistry is challenging due to lateral etching phenomena. This phenomenon of convex corner undercutting is associated with wet micromachining process where differential etching is required. The challenge of having differential etching to achieve varied depth in close vicinity imposes extra constraint on the process. The present requirement simultaneously etching of closely spaced tunnel and cavity from back side having varied depth keeping intact front side layers is the main bottleneck which was circumvented with modified process. Etching trials related combining wet and dry etching techniques for deeper etching are also carried out and critical aspects are presented in this article. Another aspect is to define process steps compatible with CMOS integration. Further study of piezo-electric layer and etch rate of various deposited layer are also presented. This article details process trials, challenges, mitigation techniques and realization aspects of the micro-machined based sensor.
Atomic and Molecular Beams Control in Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors:   , Moscow Technological University (Moscow Institute of Radio, Electronics and Automatics, MIREA), Moscow, Russian Federation, Kulchitsky N.A. ,   State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation, NPO ORION JSC, Moscow, Russia
Published: March 2021

Rapid development of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) in recent decades has led to the emergence of a variety of technological installations, as well as electronic and optical diagnostics of growing layers, as well as atomic and molecular beams. Known methods for monitoring atomic and molecular beams in MBE installations-mass spectrometric and luminescent - involve bulky sensors, which can only be placed in special growth chambers. This paper describes a structurally simple and fairly universal method for determining the intensities of atomic and molecular beams, based on registering the amount of electron scattering at small angles that occur when a narrow electron beam interacts with the atoms of a vaporized substance. We consider the theoretical prerequisites for the diagnosis of an atomic beam by the phenomenon of scattering of fast electrons in it.
Electron affinities for highly charged groups 15 and 16 anions
Authors: KAYA Savaş , FARİAS Robson Fernandes De
Published: March 2021

Electron affinity, electronegativity, and electrophilicity are chemical concepts that have been related to electron accepting power of chemical species. In the literature, although there are many theoretical approaches proposed to calculate the electronegativity and electrophilicity of atoms, ions, and molecules, just a few approaches suggested are related to the prediction of sequential electron affinities of atoms. In the present work, the electron affinities for highly charged groups 15 and 16 anions are calculated by the semi-empirical (PM6) method. The obtained values are compared with those from literature. So far, the authors are concerned, the third and fourth electron affinities for S, P, As and Sb are calculated for the first time. It is well-known that in the calculation of the lattice energy of any inorganic ionic crystal via Born-Haber thermochemical cycle, many parameters regarding any crystal the atoms forming the crystal are considered. One of these parameters is electron affinity. It should be noted that our electron affinity values calculated are in good agreement with both experimental data, other theoretical approaches, and the data obtained in the light of the Born- Haber cycle.
The experience of using dark-field microscopy to assess damage to the endothelial glycocalyx in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Vlasov Timur D. , Shimanski Daniel A. , Nesterovich Irina I. , Trophimov Vasilii I.
Published: March 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common inflammatory joint disease and one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases. The leading role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis is the damage to the endothelial glycocalyx a thin dynamic layer of macromolecules located on the surface of the endothelium and consisting of proteoglycans, glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans, which contributes to the maintenance of rheumatoid arthritis activity. Therefore, early detection of violations of the vasculr endothelium condition, especially the endothelial glycocalyx, will identify a group of patients with a poor prognosis. In this context, the method of dark-field microscopy may be promising. It allows non-invasive and in vivo assessment of the thickness of the sublingual endothelial glycocalyx, which will make it possible to search for new unconventional risk factors for the unfavorable course of rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular risk in these patients, as well as personalize treatment by developing a complex of preventive and therapeutic measures aimed at restoring endothelial function, reducing the risk of cardiovascular complications, disability and mortality from rheumatoid arthritis. The unique capabilities of this research method are demonstrated by the example of the clinical case.
Rehabilitation treatment in patients with cerebral stroke
Authors: Tertyshnaya Nataliya M. , Goldobin Vitalii V. , Klocheva Elena G. , Lobzina Anastasiya S. , Agbaii Galina G. , Artsimovich Victoriya V.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Treatment and rehabilitation of ischemic stroke patients is an important medical and social problem.

The purpose of the study is to compare effectiveness of different complex rehabilitation methods for improving patient functional abilities and social adaptation.

Materials and methods. 114 patients, aged 61.1 10.7 years, in early and late rehabilitation period of ischemic stroke were examined. Group I (n = 73, age 63.2 10.9) was represented by the patients that received conventional rehabilitation treatment ambulatory or in neurological department with additional biological feedback; patients of group II (n = 41, aged 60.4 10.3) received ambulatory conventional rehabilitation treatment.

Results. There was no significant difference in the patients age of groups I and II. The most frequent stroke location in the middle cerebral artery in the II group patients was in the right hemisphere (p 0.05). The improvement of damaged function was revealed in both groups. Clinical scale data on discharge indicated more severe manifestations in the I group patients. In the main group, the restriction of daily activity in women was more pronounced than in men (p 0.05).

Conclusions. Rehabilitation treatment in post-stroke patients led to functional improvement. Clinical manifestations in the patients that require rehabilitation in hospital, were more severe in comparison with ambulatory rehabilitated group. Data on more pronounced disturbances in activities of daily living in women compared to men require further study.
Current approaches to surgical treatment of pancreatic head cancer
Authors: Kabanov Maxim Yu. , Glushkov Nikolay I. , Sementsov Konstantin V. , Skorodumov Anatoliy V. , Alekseev Valentin V. , Savchenkov Dmitry K. , Mulendeev Sergei V. , Koshelev Taras E. , Belikova Mariya Ya. , Votinova Anastasia O.
Published: March 2021

Pancreatic cancer accounts for 810% of all cases of malignant tumors of the digestive organs and 5060% of pancreaticoduodenal malignant neoplasms. Over the past 30 years the incidence of pancreatic cancer in Russia has increased by 30%. The main method of treatment this category of patients requires surgical intervention. Extensive experience has been gained in using various types of surgical therapy. The review analyzes the results of modern studies on the efficacy and safety of the most common of them.
Possibilities of diagnostic scales in patients with acute appendicitis in the conditions of an infectious hospital
Authors: Zemlyanoy Vyacheslav P. , Melnikov Vyacheslav A. , Nahumov Mikhail M. , Letina Yuliya V. , Zemlyanskaya Agata Yu.
Published: March 2021

Currently, diagnostic scales are being actively developed to help doctors diagnose and make decisions regarding the treatment tactics of certain diseases. In particular, there are diagnostic scales for acute appendicitis. However, we found no publications describing the results of assessing the sensitivity of diagnostic scales for acute appendicitis in relation to patients admitted to infectious diseases hospitals, as well as the results of comparing the sensitivity of these scales in patients in general surgery and infectious diseases hospitals. Thus, based on the sufficient clinical material, we have analyzed the results of comparing the sensitivity of some diagnostic scales of acute appendicitis in relation to patients in general surgical hospitals and patients being treated in hospitals with an infectious profile. The results of the study show that the sensitivity of diagnostic scales in relation to acute appendicitis in patients treated in infectious diseases wards is lower than in patients in surgical departments of the general profile. The following result may be explained by masked course of acute appendicitis (when simulating the symptoms of acute intestinal infection), as well as the blurred clinical picture of acute appendicitis in patients with acute and chronic infectious diseases.
Features of interhospital transportation of patients requiring prosthetics of vital functions (on the example of the federal research and clinical center of intensive care medicine and rehabilitology)
Authors: Haritoshkin Dmitrij V. , Yakovlev Alexej A. , Yakovleva Alexandra V. , Loginova Tatevik G. , Sidorova Elena E.
Published: March 2021

One of the important features of patients in chronic critical illness is their need for prosthetics of vital functions. The provision of specialized medical care to all patients in need is impossible without resolving the issues of transportation to a specialized medical center. Inter-hospital transportation of resuscitated patients is one of the tasks of the Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology. The greatest difficulty is the transportation of patients with unstable hemodynamics. The transportation service created in the Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology is engaged in the development of issues of safe transport, including this category of patients by attracting organizational resources, forming a specialized team and equipping it. Medical and diagnostic, additional assessment of the patients condition on the spot. This approach makes it possible to increase the efficiency of intensive care during transportation and to eliminate mortality in this category of patients during transportation. Our experience of inter- and intra-hospital transportation of resuscitation patients was widely discussed at conferences, congresses and today is used in the work of mobile resuscitation teams.
¿Los estudiantes universitarios españoles aprueban los nudges? Fomento activo de políticas públicas y responsabilidad ciudadana
Authors: Cerezo Prieto Marta , Frutos-Esteban Francisco Javier , Nieto Librero Ana Belén
Published: March 2021

n los últimos años, los responsables de formular políticas públicas se han nutrido cada vez más de la economía conductual o la psicología social para obtener resultados favorables en la ciudadanía. En este contexto, aparecen los nudges: instrumentos al servicio del fomento de políticas públicas caracterizados por inducir en la población una toma de decisiones más sostenibles, manteniendo la libertad de elección a un coste mínimo. Pero, ¿se respaldan estas formas persuasivas de impulsar políticas públicas? Desarrollada a partir de una encuesta representativa, la presente investigación pretende conocer el grado de receptividad de los estudiantes universitarios españoles acerca del uso de nudges como estrategia para fomentar activamente conductas sociales responsables. Los resultados confirmaron su alto nivel de aceptación hacia dichas herramientas. En concreto, se obtuvieron resultados significativos vinculados al grado de receptividad respecto al uso de nudges en variables sociodemográficas como el sexo, la adscripción política o la creencia religiosa, o con patrones de conducta asociados al colectivismo o a una mayor confianza en las instituciones. Unos datos que harían aconsejable aumentar el empleo de nudges para promover conductas sociales responsables en el contexto de la educación superior en España.
El golpe que no fue. La última crisis estatal en Bolivia y los límites del concepto de golpe de Estado
Authors: Barrios Suvelza Franz Xavier
Published: March 2021

A raíz de los acontecimientos en Bolivia referidos a la renuncia del Presidente Evo Morales a fines de 2019, se ha desatado una polémica internacional sobre si lo sucedido puede catalogarse como un golpe de Estado. El artículo devela por qué, independientemente de las inclinaciones subjetivas del observador, no cabe calificar lo sucedido en Bolivia como un golpe de Estado. Se revela que el insatisfactorio desempeño descriptivo de dichos acontecimientos es atribuible no sólo a cierta desidia analítica, sino a que el concepto mismo de golpe de Estado puede haber encontrado sus propios límites cognitivos. Para superar estos límites el artículo propone ampliar el esquema convencional trifásico (blanco/perpetrador/táctica) de abordaje conceptual de golpe de Estado mediante la incorporación de la variable del orden legal parcial referido al regimen político. Como un golpe supone por definición el quebrantamiento de dicho orden, se sugiere usar el concepto de reencauzamiento de Estado en caso de que la remoción anormal de un mandatario coincida con que dicho orden haya estado quebrado de antemano.
Flexibilidad constitucional y democracia: una revisión crítica a la teoría liberal. Explorando la experiencia de Uruguay, Venezuela y Chile
Authors: Espinoza Troncoso Rodrigo
Published: March 2021

El artículo discute sobre la relación entre rigidez constitucional y democracia. De acuerdo al liberalismo, constituciones más flexibles (o menos rígidas) producen democracias más débiles. Con el propósito de probar que esta relación no se cumple en todos los casos, la investigación examina el caso de Uruguay como un caso atípico de baja rigidez constitucional, democracia estable y reformas que no han debilitado la democracia electoral. Por otro lado, se argumenta sobre las desventajas en la implementación de elevadas barreras de enmienda explorando dos casos: Venezuela bajo la Constitución de 1961 y Chile bajo la Constitución de 1980. El análisis de los casos ilustra que constituciones más flexibles no necesariamente producen democracias más débiles o reformas que debiliten la democracia. Asimismo, elevados niveles de rigidez pueden generar problemas de adaptación de los sistemas constitucionales a las demandas de su entorno.
Las trayectorias del capital de liderazgo de Rodríguez Zapatero, 2004-2011
Authors: Olmeda José A.
Published: March 2021

Siguiendo la conceptualización de capital político de Bennister, ‘t Hart y Worthy, y su definición del capital de liderazgo como autoridad agregada compuesta de tres dimensiones (habilidades, relaciones y reputación) de un líder, el artículo usa su índice de capital de liderazgo (LCI) para cartografiar sistemáticamente esas tres áreas generales, que combinan medidas concretas con aspectos interpretativos, en los mandatos de Rodríguez Zapatero como presidente del Gobierno. Este índice es más matizado y robusto que la dependencia exclusiva de las últimas puntuaciones de aprobación, y se utiliza como una herramienta para rastrear y comparar sistemáticamente la fortuna política de Zapatero en su gestión de las reformas de políticas públicas (2004-‍2008) y la crisis económica (2008-‍2011). El análisis muestra una trayectoria típica de líder meteórico, y que las pérdidas de capital de liderazgo se detectaron principalmente en sus habilidades persuasivas e inspiradoras, y sus relaciones políticas con su partido y la opinión pública.
An Alternative Approach to the Rationalization of the Production Process Using Simulation Methods
Authors: Dupláková Darina , Töröková Monika , Duplák Ján , Török Jozef
Published: March 2021

Simulation in a production process represents the realization of processes in time and space. In manufacturing, the current trend is towards the implementation and expansion of various types of systems in many industrial enterprises. This effort is supported by requirements to increase reliability, eliminate production times and costs, as well as meet operational schedules. The presented article is focused on the possibilities of alternative approaches to the rationalization of production processes using simulation methods. The introduction of this article is devoted to the issue of simulations in general with a brief overview of historical development and classification of simulation tools. The second part of the article describes the tools used for comparative rationalization, which forms the core of the presented article. The conclusion summarizes the findings of the study.
The Use of ICT in Learning English: A Study of Students in Moroccan Universities
Authors: Hafa Habiba , Moubtassime Mohammed
Published: March 2021

This study aims at investigating Moroccan university students' access to ICT tools and internet connection, their frequency and purposes of ICT use and their perceived benefits of ICT use in learning English. The data have been obtained by means of a quantitative study. Research findings indicated that access to ICT tools is still limited among the respondents. Access to internet connection within the respondents’ universities was also found to be inadequate. Furthermore, the study revealed that the respondents’ use of ICT for educational purposes is limited. On the other hand, students' perceptions towards the benefits of ICT use in learning English were found to be highly positive. The findings of this study were discussed and compared to the findings of other related studies.
Rural Territories and Rural Settlements: The Legal Doctrine of Sustainable Complex Development
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Dostoevsky Omsk State University PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Afanasyev Aleksandr A.
Published: March 2021

The author studies the essence of a rural territory and rural settlements as social and legal phenomena in the legal doctrine of sustainable complex development. This serves as a basis for understanding the rural life as an independent subject of the legal regulation of a specific circle of public relationships of rural settlements of the Russian Federation: economic, social, power, natural and environmental, historical and cultural relationships aimed at life support, life quality improvement, complex development of a settlement area and labor activities of the rural population, conditions for extended agricultural production, operations of private farm households and raising the efficiency of operations of government and municipal authorities in respect of implementation of the state policy related to the rural areas. To reach the set goal, the author analyzes federal and regional laws in the implementation of the state policy of social and economic development of rural territories and research works of famous scientists in this sphere of law. The paper singles out formal legal attributes, the aggregate of which creates a formula of such legal categories.
Amicable Dispute Settlement as a New Task of Civil Proceedings
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Civil Procedure of the Saratov State Law Academy LL.D., Associate Professor, Solovyeva Tatyana V.
Published: March 2021

This article considers the peaceful settlement of the dispute as one of the directions for improving civil procedural legislation in the framework of the ongoing judicial reform. The author analyzes the tasks of civil proceedings. The conclusion is drawn that it is necessary to adjust the content of article 2 of Code of Civil Procedure of Russia in order to consolidate the peaceful settlement of the dispute as a new task, as well as the consequences of its solution.
Put in a Word for Provisional Remedies in Cases Challenging Statutory Acts
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Law Faculty of the National Research University Higher School of Economics (NRU HSE), Viflyantsev Andrey O.
Published: March 2021

Article 251, section 7 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation specified, that filing of an application to challenge a normative legal act before the court does not suspend the challenged normative legal act. A functional analysis of the aforementioned norm brought the courts to the conclusion that interim measures were not provided for by law. Although an adoption of the Code of Administrative Court Procedure of the Russian Federation was not followed by any considerable changes to the regulation, one of the changes that occurred enabled the courts to take a single provisional protection measure regarding the administrative action to challenge a normative legal act — namely, to ban the application of a challenged normative legal act or its challenged provisions against an administrative plaintiff. Now, almost 6 years later, the time has come to evaluate how provisional protection measures in cases involving challenging normative legal acts work in practice.