bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preemptive analgesia with tapentadol in inguinal surgery; a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Vadhanan Prasanna , Rajendran Iniya , Kumar Vinith
Published: February 2024

Background & Objective: Preemptive analgesia aims at minimizing the development of central sensitization thereby decreasing postoperative pain and analgesic requirements. Various drugs have been used for this purpose. Tapentadol, is a newer centrally acting analgesic which is effective in moderate to severe pain. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of preoperative oral tapentadol upon postoperative analgesia and analgesic requirements in patients undergoing inguinal hernia surgeries. Methodology: One hundred adult patients undergoing elective unilateral inguinal hernia repair were randomized into two groups of fifty each. Group P received placebo tablets and Group T received tapentadol (100 mg) tablets orally 30 min before anesthesia. All patients received spinal anesthesia and the duration of postoperative analgesia and analgesic consumption in the first postoperative day was recorded. Diclofenac was administered when the patients demanded analgesia. Results: Time for first analgesic demand was significantly delayed in Group T as compared to Group P (328.00 ± 129.71 vs. 252.00 ± 101.38 min, P = 0.017) and the total analgesic consumption of diclofenac was also less than in the placebo group (73.33 ± 28.57 mg vs. 95.00 ± 31.30 mg; P = 0.006). No adverse events were observed in either group. Conclusion: Preemptive oral tapentadol is effective for minimizing postoperative pain and analgesic requirement in patients undergoing inguinal hernia surgeries under spinal anesthesia. Key words: Anesthesia, Spinal; Tapentadol; Hernia surgery; Analgesia, Postoperative Citation: Vadhanan P, Rajendran I, Kumar V. Preemptive analgesia with tapentadol in inguinal surgery; a randomized controlled trial. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2023;27(3):356−359; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v27i3.2230 Received: April 15, 2023; Reviewed: April 29, 2023; Accepted: May 10, 2023
Perception of pain treatment: views and ground reality
Authors: Saleem Huma , Khan Asma Ashraf , Faisal Muhammad
Published: February 2024

Pain has been associated with the mankind right from the very beginning, and the struggle to conquer pain is also as old as the human history. The pain, the human understanding of pain and the pain management, also have evolved in different phases with the passage of time. Perhaps, more awareness and perception of pain is one of the factors leading to an ever-increasing burden of pain patients on the healthcare perception. Pain medicine is now recognized as a sole specialty, with multiple sun-specializations. This editorial highlight different aspects of pain management and training in this rapidly evolving specialty. Key words: Chronic Pain; Neuralgia; Neuropathies; Pain; Pain Management Citation: Saleem H, Khan AA, Faisal M. Perception of pain treatment: views and ground reality. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2023;27(3):291−293; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v27i3.2235 Received: April 26, 2023; Accepted: May 05, 2023
Preanesthesia carbohydrate loading in pediatric patients with acyanotic congenital heart disease: a case series
Authors: Kurnia Andri , Hidayat Jefferson
Published: February 2024

Children with acyanotic congenital heart disease need cardiac catheterization for various indications, ranging from diagnostic procedures to innovative interventional therapy. Although preanesthesia fasting is widely accepted to minimize the risk of regurgitation and aspiration during induction, studies have shown that fasting also has a negative impact. Some studies have reported the incidence of anxiety in pediatric patients in the operating room to be 75.44% and 34–56% of it was caused by hunger.

We report 4 of our patients, who were allowed maltodextrin drinks as much as 5–10 ml/kg 2 h before anesthesia and the patient's anxiety level, vital signs, blood sugar before and during the procedure, and the incidence of complications were observed. The results showed a low level of anxiety, with good vital signs, and normal blood sugar. Carbohydrate drinks given up to 2 h before the procedure to the patients reduced hunger and thirst so that they were more comfortable, had reduced anxiety and stable blood sugar levels during the procedure. No complications were found due to the administration of carbohydrate drinks; therefore, routine administration of carbohydrate drinks can be considered in pediatric patients with acyanotic congenital heart disease who will undergo cardiac catheterization.

Key words: Pediatric; Congenital heart disease; Carbohydrate loading; Anxiety

Citation: Kurnia A, Hidayat J. Preanesthesia carbohydrate loading in pediatric patients with acyanotic congenital heart disease: a case series. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2023;27(4):585−589; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v27i4.2156

Received: February 17, 2023; Reviewed: March 05, 2023; Accepted: May 27, 2023
The spectrum of pain patients reporting to the pain clinic of Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi (Pakistan)
Authors: Azeem Yasmeen , Mansoor Ayesha , Naeem Uzma , Zahir Jawad , Zareen Abeera
Published: February 2024

Background & Objective: Pain is the most common symptom, which brings a patient to the doctor. An ever-increasing spectrum of painful conditions are shared by both of the genders and have a significant influence on health and well-being. This impact can be reduced by proper diagnosis and management. We aimed to present an audit of our experience of pain related conditions and their management at our pain clinic at a tertiary care hospital.  

Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Holy Family Hospital, on 1414 patients of both genders, who presented with pain at the specialized pain clinic of our hospital. To record the pattern of diseases among patients attending our specialized pain clinic, the data regarding the pain conditions diagnosed, the management strategies, and the relationship with the age and gender were noted.

Results: The mean age of patients was 44.25 ± 7.04 y; regarding gender, 29.4% were males, while 70.6% were females. Most of the patients were diagnosed with paraspinal muscle spasms and trigger points (24.82%), and osteoarthritis knee (16.19%). Medications and physical therapy (61.74%) served as the mainstay of treatment for mild to moderate pains. The relationship of pain with a causative disease was significant with gender (P ˂ .001), but insignificant with age (P = 0.921).

Conclusion: Patients presented between the ages of 18 to 62 y, and most of them were females. Paraspinal muscle spasm was the most frequent diagnosis. Mild to moderate pains were managed with medication and physical therapy, and severe cases with interventional procedures. The patient's gender was related to pain disorders.

Key words: Pain clinic; Gender; Pain diagnosis; Pain treatment

Citation: Azeem Y, Mansoor A, Naeem U, Zahir J, Zareen A. The spectrum of pain patients reporting to the pain clinic of Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi (Pakistan). Anaesth. pain intensive care 2023;27(4):558−564.

DOI: 10.35975/apic.v27i4.2266

Received: May 13, 2023; Reviewed: June 28; Accepted: July 06, 2023
Recurrent atrial fibrillation episodes related to monosodium glutamate (MSG) - a case report
Authors: Purvez Akhtar , Valentine C. Michael , Monfredi Oliver J. , Engel Gina D.
Published: February 2024

Cardiac disease is largely believed to be a gift of modern sedentary life style and junk foods. Yet often the clinicians fail to find the etiologic factors in many of the patients. This case report is about recurrent episodes of atrial fibrillation in a physician. Careful history revealed the relationship of having ingested Chinese food before every episode of the atrial fibrillation. Aspartame and flavor enhancer monosodium glutamate have been considered as the food ingredients that may cause such arrythmias. The patient had to be treated aggressively with drugs and even cardiac cryoablation of four pulmonary veins and radiofrequency ablation of right atrium.

Key words: Monosodium glutamate (MSG); Exocitotoxins; Cardiac arrhythmias; Atrial fibrillation

Citation: Purvez A, Valentine CM, Monfredi OJ, Engel GD. Recurrent atrial fibrillation episodes related to monosodium glutamate (MSG) - a case report. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2023;27(4):613−615.

DOI: 10.35975/apic.v27i4.2273

Received: June 29, 2023; Reviewed: July 4, 2023; Accepted: July 4, 2023
Effect of magnesium sulphate on propofol requirement in abdominal surgeries under general anesthesia
Authors: Kaur Haramritpal , Singh Amanjot , Prasad Vimal , Singh Amandeep , Gupta Kewal Krishan , Sharma Prachi
Published: February 2024

Background & Objective: Magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) has the potential to be used as a part of balanced anesthesia due to its inherent pharmacological actions. Its judicial use can enhance patient safety. We evaluated the effect of MgSO4 on the total dose of propofol used under bispectral index (BIS) targeted general anesthesia for abdominal surgeries.

Methodology: This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 adult patients of either sex, scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were allocated to two study groups of 30 patients each. In Group I, MgSO4 was administered as 30 mg/kg intravenously (IV) in 100 ml normal saline (NS) over 15 min followed by 10 mg/kg/h infusion intraoperatively. In Group II 100 ml NS was administered over 15 min followed by NS infusion intraoperatively. Anesthesia was induced with propofol, fentanyl, and atracurium in both groups. Intraoperative propofol infusion was started to keep BIS values within 45-55. Data was compared for total dose of propofol used, Ramsay sedation score, recovery characteristics and hemodynamic parameters. Data so collected was statistically analyzed.

Results: The mean quantity of propofol required for induction was less in Group I as compared to Group II, being 1.70 ± 0.19 mg/kg and 2.39 ± 0.58 mg/kg respectively (P < 0.001). Group I achieved BIS 60 (59.20 ± 7.63 seconds) faster than Group II (78.36 ± 13.03 sec) (P < 0.001). The requirement of propofol for maintenance was less in Group I (4.48 ± 0.95 mg/kg/h) as compared to Group II (6.63 ± 1.65 mg/kg/h) (P < 0.001). During recovery, the MgSO4 group needed more time to reach BIS 70 as compared to control group with their mean values being 8.86 ± 1.48 min and 6.88 ± 1.54 min respectively. Response to verbal commands and orientation was also significantly delayed in MgSO4 group as compared to control group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Magnesium sulphate co-administration with propofol decreases the dosage of propofol to maintain a constant BIS value at 45–55. Sedation and delayed recovery are the notable drawbacks of using magnesium sulphate.

Abbreviations: NMDA - N-methyl-D-aspartate; BIS - Bi‑spectral index; HR - Heart rate; MAP - mean arterial pressure

Preregistration: Clinical Trial Registry-India (CTRI/2020/11/029315)

Key words: Magnesium Sulphate; Propofol; BIS Target; Balanced Anesthesia

Citation: Kaur H, Singh A, Prasad V, Singh A, Gupta KK, Sharma P. Effect of magnesium sulphate on propofol requirement in abdominal surgeries under general anesthesia. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2023;27(5):471−477. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v27i5.2118

Received: January 14, 2023; Reviewed: July 17, 2023; Accepted: July 20, 2023
Evolution of pain medicine in Pakistan
Authors: Anwar Shahzad
Published: February 2024

Although the need of adequate pain alleviation has always been felt, but the transition from immersion of body parts in ice cold water to the introduction of opium and then morphine took a long time. Over the previous few decades, the pain medicine emerged as a subspecialty of anesthesiology, but very soon it evolved itself as a whole new specialty, and with it emerged the need of clinical training. Now, most of the countries run their very own training programs, and in most of the nice hospitals pain medicine departments have been established. This editorial tales a quick look at its development around the world and particularly in Pakistan.

Key words: Disability; Pain; Pain Management; Pain Medicine

Citation: Anwar S. Evolution of pain medicine in Pakistan (editorial). Anaesth. pain intensive care 2023;27(5):616−618; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v27i5.2296

Received: May 25, 2023; Accepted: September 05, 2023
Lived experiences of mothers caring for children with burn-induced disabilities
Authors: Shoghi Mahnaz , Borimnejad Leili , Delfani Fatemeh
Published: February 2024

Objective: Burn itself is a highly painful phenomenon, but even well after the burn wounds have healed, the resultant disabilities in children continue to tax the patience and the ability to care of the mothers of handicapped children. The present study was conducted to explain and interpret mothers' experiences in caring for children with burn-induced disabilities with the interpretive phenomenological method.

Methodology: The research population included the mothers of children with burn-induced disabilities selected through purposive sampling. Face-to-face unstructured interviews were conducted and recorded with an interview guide, and data saturation was achieved after interviewing six mothers. Data were analyzed based on Dickelman’s method.

Results: The analysis of the data extracted from the interviews revealed that mothers’ lived experience of caring for children with burn-induced disabilities could generally be divided into five themes: 1) psycho-emotional breakdown, 2) trying to maintain increasing distress, 3) life continuation in the meaning of care and compensation, 4) raising the child in the care bed, and 5) attention and trying to reach the goal despite the disability.

Conclusion: Mothers of children with burn-induced disabilities experience a wide range of emotions, concerns, and experiences. It's important to acknowledge and understand these feelings to ensure the well-being of both the mothers and their children.    

Key words: Burns; Care; Disability; Mother; Phenomenology

Citation: Shoghi M, Delfani F, Borimnejad L. Lived experiences of mothers caring for children with burn-induced disabilities. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2023;27(5):526−534; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v27i5.2308

Received: July 23, 2023; Reviewed: August 16, 2023; Accepted: August 16, 2023
A randomized controlled trial comparing the recovery time after spinal anesthesia with 2% hyperbaric prilocaine 50 mg vs. 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 12.5 mg for cystoscopic procedures
Authors: Tantri Aida Rosita , Nathanael Marbun Juan Carson Roy , Heriwardito Aldy
Published: February 2024

Background: Cystoscopy is a urologic procedure performed as a diagnostic or a therapeutic intervention, usually requiring spinal anesthesia (SA). Bupivacaine is a frequently used spinal anesthesia agent. However, the prolonged duration of its effect is a disadvantage. Prilocaine may be an alternative for spinal anesthesia in cystoscopy, which has a shorter duration of action compared to bupivacaine. We compared recovery time of 2% hyperbaric prilocaine 50 mg vs. 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 12.5 mg for cystoscopic procedures under spinal anesthesia.
Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial involving 66 patients who underwent cystoscopy in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital under SA. Subjects were randomized into two groups, i.e. prilocaine group to receive SA with hyperbaric prilocaine 2% 50 mg + fentanyl 25 µg and bupivacaine group to receive hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% 12.5 mg + fentanyl 25 µg. Following SA, the time to lift the leg 45 degrees and time to regain the ability to walking unsupported were noted in both groups and statistically compared. Hemodynamic changes in SpO2 and NIBP at fixed periods, as well as adverse effects were recorded.
Results: Hemodynamic changes and adverse effects were comparable between the two groups. The mean time to lift a leg 45 degrees (93.88 min vs. 180.36 min; P < 0.001) and the time until the patient walked (144.91 min vs. 259.76 min; P < 0.002) were significantly short in the prilocaine group. The mean regression time for prilocaine and bupivacaine SA was 69.36 ± 35.85 and 131.88 ± 79.43 min respectively; the difference being significant (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Hyperbaric prilocaine 2% has a shorter recovery period when compared to hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% for spinal anesthesia and is appropriate for the length of the cystoscopy, making it a viable spinal anesthetic option.
Keywords: Bupivacaine; Cystoscopy; Prilocaine; Anesthesia, Spinal; Recovery Time
Citation: Tantri AR, Marbun JCRN, Heriwardito A. A randomized controlled trial comparing the recovery time after spinal anesthesia with 2% hyperbaric prilocaine 50 mg vs. 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 12.5 mg for cystoscopic procedures. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2023;27(6):689−696; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v27i6.2145
Received: January 29, 2023; Reviewed: October 23, 2023; Accepted: October 23, 2023
СЛОВО В ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННО-ФИЛОСОФСКОЙ СИСТЕМЕ ВИКТОРА ПЕЛЕВИНА
Authors: Иванова И.Н. , Серебряков А.А.
Published: February 2024

Целью представленной статьи является описание пелевинской философии слова и языка на материале поздних романов писателя - «iPhuck 10» (2017), «Тайные виды на гору Фудзи» (2018) и «Искусство легких касаний» (2019) - с учетом контекста постмодернистской философии. Отмечается, что язык, слово в художественном мире Пелевина занимают центральное место. Метаповествовательные стратегии писателя направлены на разоблачение самого понятия «реальность» и любой популярной аксиологии. В статье используется сравнительно-сопоставительный метод, мотивный анализ с компонентами компьютерного кода, поскольку мотив слова, языка (дискурса, нарратива) неизменно присутствует в текстах Пелевина. Актуальность работы авторы видят в выявлении полемических несоответствий философии языка Пелевина с концептуальными положениями французских философов - Фуко, Деррида, Бодрийяра, идеи которых эксплицитно и имплицитно присутствуют в пелевинском тексте в виде цитат, аллюзий, непосредственных упоминаний, в трактовке распространенного понятия Бодрияра «симулякр». Обнажая механизмы управления сознанием и языком человека, абсолютно уверенного в собственной идентичности и владении языком, который в действительности «владеет» самим субъектом, Пелевин строит собственную философию языка, в которой слово тоже симулякр, лишенный денотата. Слово в текстах Пелевина одновременно ощущает всемогущество и тотальную пустоту, неукорененность в бытии и онтологическую безответственность. Человек оказывается в плену у нарративов; всем правит так называемый нарративный ум, подменяющий собой реальность мира, заставляющий индивида фактически жить не в мире, а в нарративе. Слово в поисках собственного означаемого, человек в поисках большого смысла и в осознании невозможности этого смысла – магистральная тема Пелевина.
BORROWED WORDS OF THE HYBRID TYPE IN THE EQUIVALENCE INTERPRETATION
Authors: Северова Н.В. , Теркулов В.И.
Published: February 2024

Статья посвящена определению путей описания заимствованных слов, интерпретирующихся носителями русского языка в эквивалентных текстах двояко: как универбализованные композиты, включающие в свой состав конструкт, равный основе слова эквивалентного словосочетания, и как сложносокращённые апеллятивы – нарицательные лексемы, включающие в свой состав неинициальный абброконструкт, то есть конструкт, равный части слова эквивалентного словосочетания. В работе обосновывается отличие в рамках аббревиации сложносокращённых апеллятивов от инициальных аббревиатур и сложносокращённых онимов. На основе констатации различия между синхронным и диахронным подходами к описанию аббревиатур, композитов и гибридных единиц устанавливается различие между диахронными аббревиатурами и композитами, возникшими реально в результате универбализации словосочетаний, и синхронными аббревиатурами, композитами и гибридными единицами, которые трактуются носителями языка как таковые путём разнонаправленной псевдоунивербализации, то есть вторичного развёртывания эквивалентных словосочетаний. Авторы приходят к выводу о том, что интерпретируемые двояко заимствованные слова могут выступать только в качестве синхронных гибридных образований. Определяются базовые параметры описания единиц данного типа, к которым относятся этимологизация, предполагающая определение слова или словосочетания, выступающего в качестве источника заимствования, составление списка синхронных эквивалентов слова, хронологизация первых употреблений как слова, так и эквивалентных словосочетаний, установление баланса индексов употребления слова и его эквивалентов, а также описание моделей псевдоунивербализационного развёртывания слова и ономасиологической структуры его трактовок в эквивалентах. Полученные данные используются как информационная база при формировании словарных статей Толкового словаря сложносокращённых слов русского языка, составляемого в Донецком государственном университете.
LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF THE ENGLISH HUMOROUS TEXT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF AN ANECDOTE)
Authors: Матвеева Н.В. , Абдрахманова В.К.
Published: February 2024

Данная статья посвящена проблемам изучения языковых особенностей английского юмора на примере текста анекдота. В исследовании раскрывается понятие «юмор» в современной лингвистической науке, рассматривается специфика анекдота как жанра англоязычных юмористических текстов. В процессе теоретического анализа исследуемой проблематики краткий обзор теорий юмора показал, что проявления феномена юмора в лингвистике еще не получили достаточного освещения. Особенностью анекдота является его включенность в речь, в речевую ситуацию на смысловом уровне. Признаками анекдота можно отметить направленность сюжета на смысловое содержание, коммуникативную функцию анекдота, односложную линию мотива. В данной работе проанализированы языковые особенности английских анекдотов. В ходе анализа было выявлено, что существует множество способов создания в них комического эффекта, среди которых выделяются: каламбур, полисемия, повторы, ирония, преувеличение, антитеза, эффект обманутого ожидания, идиомы, пародия, омофоны, паронимия и другие стилистические средства языка различных уровней (фонетики, лексики, фразеологии, грамматики). На уровне фонетики используются различные приемы звукового оформления, такие, как аллитерация, использование омофонов, логические ударения, паузация. Также применяются особые примеры графического оформления, слитное написание слов, нарушение правил. На уровне морфологии может применяться прием с опущением частей слова, разделением слова, использованием несоответствующих грамматических форм. На уровне синтаксиса используется обыгрывание предикативных или номинативных использований единиц языка. Также в синтаксисе наблюдается нагромождение синтаксических конструкций, неверное управление словами. На уровне словообразования можно отметить примеры переосмысления частей речи, создание новых слов. На уровне лексики наблюдается нарушение масштаба времени, противопоставление одушевленного неодушевленному, обыгрывание многозначных слов, синонимия, омонимия, наличие идиом, подчеркнутое преуменьшение и преувеличение.
VERBALIZATION OF THE IMAGE OF THE VORONEZH VILLAGE IN THE STORIES OF K.G. PAUSTOVSKY
Authors: Сухова К.И.
Published: February 2024

Для филологической науки, находящейся на современном этапе развития, важными выступают проблемы лингвокультурологии. Неоспоримый интерес для каждого филолога вызывают специфические средства построения художественного образа автором. В статье анализируется художественное пространство рассказа К.Г. Паустовского «Воронежское лето». Выделяются и исследуются лексико-семантические средства, которые служат для вербализации образа деревни. При организации речевыми средствами образа деревни К.Г. Паустовский использует разнообразные указатели, среди которых топонимы, гидронимы и гидролексемы, служащие локальными и темпоральными индикаторами. Анализ произведения способствует выявлению ключевых доминант при построении образа деревни, к которым относятся особенности речи местных жителей, лексемы, вербализующие растительный мир, объединенные в лексико-семантические подгруппы «Общие наименования флоры», «Наименования трав», «Наименования злаков», «Наименования кустарников», «Наименования деревьев», «Наименования частей растений», «Наименования плодов», животный мир, объединенные в лексико-семантические подгруппы «Общие наименования фауны», «Наименования животных», «Наименования птиц», «Наименования рыб», «Наименования земноводных», «Наименования насекомых», гидролексемы, одоративные лексемы. Названные лексические средства взаимообусловлены и направлены на построение единого органичного образа деревни. Обращение К.Г. Паустовского и изображению локуса Средней полосы России, обладающего незатейливой красотой, сыграло большую роль при выборе выразительных средств: используются метафоры, сравнения, олицетворения, но особое место отведено эпитетам как основной черте идиостиля.
GENRE PROTOTYPING AND DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF MEDIA TEXT
Authors: Пастухов А.Г.
Published: February 2024

Философское и предметно-логическое осмысление медиатекста требует обновленных описаний и в лингвистических исследованиях. Одну из таких возможностей представляет собой методология, позволяющая изучать медиатексты как актуальный феномен, трансформирующий информационные пространства и в своём естественном продолжении выявляющий динамические принципы организации. Сложность и многоаспектность представления информации в медиатексте в интегративном плане ограничивает возможности прежних текстовых концепций и в ряде случаев допускает неточности в понимании сути реально функционирующих структур медиатекста. Процесс выявления особенностей функционирования и интерпретации медиатекста ставит вопрос прежде всего о необходимости многомерных классификаций и концентрации внимания на протипизации их свойств, которая становится ключевой медиалингвистической проблемой, т.е. выяснения и объяснения множественного и избирательного характера каналов коммуникации, их взаимного влияния. Существенным при этом будет действие содержательных моделей, означаюшее приобретение медиажанрами новых качеств. Будучи моделью медиатекстов, жанры имеют устойчивый и регулярный характер. Медиажанр как условная прототипизация медиатекста изменяет не только подходы к их классификации, но и предполагает дополнение прагмалингвистической контекстуальной модели, моделью когнитивно-лингвистической. Обработка динамических процессов применительно к медиажанрам в большинстве случаев связано с регулярными изменениями в языке и речи, а также с необходимостью тех эмпирических обобщений, которые касаются процессов исторического изменения языка. Строго детерминистский взгляд и отказ от дедуктивных процедур приводит к некоторому застою в теории, однако в известной мере он же устанавливает перспективы и необходимость изучения лингвистической динамики, включая те её аспекты, которые касаются динамики медиажанров.
ПРЕОДОЛЕНИЕ МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНОГО БАРЬЕРА В УСЛОВИЯХ КУЛЬТУРНОЙ НЕЗАВИСИМОСТИ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ПЕРЕВОДА ДИАЛЕКТИЗМОВ)
Authors: Цуканова Е.М. , Гаврилова П.П.
Published: February 2024

В статье представлены результаты исследования, целью которого является описание способов перевода диалектизмов Орловского говора из произведений И.С. Тургенева на немецкий язык. Исследование предполагает комплексный подход к описанию, а именно: определение типов диалектизмов, способ их перевода на немецкий язык, выявление наиболее частотных переводческих трансформаций для конкретных типов диалектизмов, анализ переводческих решений с точки зрения возможности отражения национально-культурной специфики диалектизмов при переводе на язык носителей немецкой культуры без смысловых и эстетических потерь. Данный подход создает базу для обоснования научной новизны исследования: впервые описаны способы перевода диалектизмов Орловского говора из произведений И.С. Тургенева на немецкий язык с учетом многоаспектности феномена диалектизмов. Подчеркивается, что актуальность исследования обусловлена рядом проблем: во-первых, сложностью предмета исследования, многогранностью диалектизмов как лингвистического феномена. Это и экспрессивная окраска диалектизмов, и принадлежность к части культурно-исторического достояния определённого слоя населения, объединенного территориальной общностью, и отсутствие постоянных эквивалентов в других языках, а также отсутствие общей стратегией адаптации диалектизмов для иноязычных реципиентов в переводоведении. Второй тип проблем, требующих своего решения, связан с четко прослеживающейся тенденцией в современном мире на сохранение и популяризацию культурно-исторического достояния народов мира, способствующего решению проблем самоидентификации и межкультурного взаимодействия. Выявлено и обосновано, что при переводе диалектизмов наблюдается тенденция активного использования прямой подстановки и элиминирования практически для всех типов диалектизмов. Можно утверждать, что переводчики стремятся к упрощению исходных текстов, что объясняется, на наш взгляд, невозможностью перевода диалектизмов единицами другой культуры без лингвокультурологического комментария.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРАГМАТИЧЕСКОГО УРОВНЯ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ ЛИЧНОСТИ УСТНОГО ПЕРЕВОДЧИКА
Authors: Уланова Е.Э.
Published: February 2024

Статья посвящена анализу прагматического (мотивационного) уровня языковой личности устного переводчика. Автор определяет спектр единиц, отражающих проявления языковой личности на прагматическом уровне: прецедентные феномены (текст/высказывание/имя/ситуация), переводческие добавления, оценочность, как частный вид переводческих добавлений, лингвокреативность и прагматикон. Выделенные единицы анализируются с позиций коммуникативно-функционального и лингвопрагматического подхода, которые предполагают анализ общего контекста выступления и языковых проявлений с учетом интенции говорящего и ее выражения переводчиком, а также соотнесения контекста сообщения с интенцией адресанта, ожиданиями адресата и ситуацией перевода в целом (экстралингвистический фон). Основными методами исследования является дискурс-анализ, лингво-когнитивный и сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ переводов. Подчеркивается, что при изучении прагматического уровня языковой личности основной целью был анализ вариантов переводов, выполненных профессиональными устными переводчиками с учетом их целей и установок. В результате последовательного исследования единиц прагматического уровня языковой личности автор приходит к выводу, что доминирующими установками языковой личности устного переводчика являются: стимул интереса аудитории к диалогичной речи, усиление эмоционально-оценочного воздействия на адреса, воссоздание в переводе оригинального коммуникативного эффекта на аудиторию, стремление к уточнению смысла высказывания, преобладание адекватного перевода над эквивалентным, мотивированные переводческие опущения и/или добавления, а также лингвокреативность при переводе крылатых фраз и метафоричных выражений. Реализация языковой личности устного переводчика достигается за счет точного понимания первоначальной интенции говорящего, выбора адекватной стратегии перевода с учетом коммуникативной ситуации.
THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN DECISION MAKING: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Authors: Muhammad Eid BALBAA  , Marina Sagatovna ABDURASHIDOVA
Published: February 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology with the potential to revolutionize decision making across various domains. This research article explores the impact of AI in decision making and its implications for individuals, organizations, and society. The article begins by providing an overview of AI and its key components, such as machine learning and natural language processing. It then discusses the role of AI in enhancing decision-making processes by automating tasks, augmenting human capabilities, and providing data-driven insights. The article highlights the benefits of AI in improving decision accuracy, efficiency, and scalability, while also acknowledging the challenges and risks associated with its implementation. These challenges include ethical considerations, biases in AI algorithms, and potential job displacement. The article further explores the importance of transparency, accountability, and interpretability in AI decision-making systems. Additionally, it discusses the role of human-AI collaboration and the need for interdisciplinary approaches to ensure the responsible and ethical deployment of AI in decision making. Drawing on case studies and empirical research, the article provides concrete examples of how AI is transforming decision making in various fields, such as finance, healthcare, and transportation. Finally, the article concludes by discussing future directions and recommendations for policymakers, organizations, and individuals to harness the full potential of AI in decision making while addressing its ethical, social, and economic implications.
KEYWORDS: Artificial Intelligence, Decision Making, Machine Learning, Automation, Augmentation, Ethical Considerations, Bias, Transparency, Human-AI Collaboration, Responsible AI.
Use of Code Switching Found in Podcast Ruang Sandi by Sandiaga And Cinta Laura
Authors: Sri Cahyani Ni Putu Sukma , Ni Made Verayanti Utami  , Ida Ayu Putri Gita Ardiantari
Published: February 2024

The study concern with the use of code switching found in Podcast Ruang Sandi YouTube channel by Sandiaga Uno and Cinta Laura. This study aims to investigate the types and the reasons of code switching found in the podcast. The data in the study were analyzed by applying descriptive qualitative method based on the theory of Hoffman (1991) in solving the first problem, and theory from Grosjean (1982) to solve the second problem which also supported by using the theory of Gumperz (1982) regarding speech function of code switching. Based on the result of the findings, inter-sentential switches appeared as the most dominant occurrence, because Sandiaga Uno and Cinta Laura feel easier and more comfortable to convey their message in full sentence in English. Meanwhile, regarding the reasons of code switching, fill a linguistics need lexical item, set phrase, discourse maker or sentence filler came out as dominant reasons, because they cannot find the appropriate words and also the foreign elements are more understood by the viewers of Podcast Ruang Sandi.
Language, Ideology, and Power in Kamala Harris’s Speech: Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Wibhisana Made Dwika , Ayomi Putu Nur , Maharani Ni Putu Devi
Published: February 2024

Political speech is a strategy to persuade the political goals and interests to the audience. This study investigates the process of Critical Discourse Analysis in Kamala Harris's speech by using Three-Dimensional Model proposed by Fairclough. The data analysis was conducted by a descriptive qualitative method. This study showed that Kamala Harris represented the Democrat Party's principles, equal opportunity, and voting rights through the speech. Discursive analysis showed that Kamala Harris addressed this speech to some particular societal stakeholders, such as the feminist movement, minority groups, so on. On the other hand, social analysis represented the social effects, such as the first Indigenous cabinet secretary has confirmed. The most dominant ideology in this speech is membership/self-identity. In textual analysis, Kamala Harris also showed the one who has equality, liberty, and justice on her ideological values.
Analysis of Figurative Language Used in The Song Lyrics of Adele's Album “30”
Authors: I Komang Agus Tri Mahendra  , Ni Wayan Suastini  , Komang Dian Puspita Candra
Published: February 2024

This study analyzes the figurative language used in the song lyrics of Adele’s album “30”. The song writer plays words and language to create attraction and distinctiveness towards the lyric of the song. Figurative language has the ability to be more impactful for the readers. This study is aimed to answer two problems of the study, they are: (1) To identify  the types of figurative language used in the song lyrics of Adele's album "30". (2) To analyze the meaning of figurative language found in the song lyrics of Adele's album “30”. The data was analyzed based on the theory of figurative language proposed by Knickerbocker and Reninger (1974) and theory of Meaning proposed by Geoffrey Leech (1974).The result of this study showed there are 7 types of figurative language found in Adele’s album “30”. They are simile, personification, metaphor, synecdoche, hyperbole, irony and paradox. This study found 3 simile, 2 personification, 4 metaphor, 2 synecdoche, 13 hyperbole, 1 irony and 3 paradox. And otherwise in analyzing the contextual meaning this study found some types of meaning used in lyrics of song, those are connotative meaning, thematic meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning, and stylistic meaning. The data were presented descriptively and formally by using some tables.
Types of Figurative Language Found in Coldplay Song Lyrics
Authors: Barung Lodovikus , Desak Putu Eka Pratiwi  , Juniartha I Wayan
Published: February 2024

This study intended to analyze figurative language found in the Coldplay song lyrics. The objectives of this research were to find out types of figurative language and their meanings in Coldplay song lyrics. There were two theories that used in this research such as the first theory proposed by Knickerbocker and Reninger (1974) entitled  Interpreting Literature used to find out types of figurative language found in Coldplay song lyrics, and the second theory proposed by Leech (1981) entitled Semantics: The Study of Meaning used to find out the meaning of figurative language found in Coldplay song lyrics. The method used in collecting the data was observation method. The writer collected the data of song lyrics by browsing and downloading song lyrics from the internet, reading and understanding all the song lyrics and taking note and classifying the phrase and senteces that contain of figurative language. The writer analyzed the data descriptively by using qualitative method. After analyzing the sentences in the song lyrics, the writer found several finding of figurative language found in Coldplay song lyrics. There were five types of figurative language that found in song Coldplay song lyrics, they are: 2 of simile (16%) 2 of metaphor(16%) 1 of  personification (8%) 2 of metonymy(16%), 4 of hyperbole(33%), and 1 of allusion(8%).  All the figurative language has a connotation that implicitly conveys hidden message and values of life.
Analysis of Personification and Its Meaning Found in Victor Hugo Poems
Authors: Yustina Gembira  , I Dewa Ayu Devi Maharani Santika
Published: February 2024

Figurative language often used in literary works, especially poems. It beautifies the language used in the poems. This study discusses about one of figurative types, that is personification, with is meaning found in Victor Hugo Poems. Personification is found mostly in the poems. There are two theories used in the study. The first is the theory of figurative language from Knickerbocker and Reninger (1974), and the second is the theory of meaning by Leech (1974) to analyze the meaning of figurative language. The method used in this study is a qualitative method. The researcher found 6 data of personification. Meanwhile for the meaning that the data have are categorized as conceptual meaning and connotative meaning.
Types of Code-Switching in Kisah Untuk Dinda Novel
Authors: Ni Luh Putu Eka Santiyani  , Putu Desi Anggerina Hikmaharyanti
Published: February 2024

This research aimed at analyzing the code-switching used by the novelist, Erisca Febriani in her novel entitled Kisah Untuk Dinda in order to classify the types of code-switching in the form of sentence, dialogue, and narration. The method applied in this research was descriptive qualitative method. Data collection was executed by reading the novel, taking notes, and classifying the types of code-switching. The theory used in this study was proposed by Poplack as the main theory in determining the code-switching types. The result of the data analysis was presented formally and informally. In the novel, there were 135 data of code-switching divided into 3 types of code-switching, such as tag switching with 19 (14,08%) data, inter-sentential switching with 5 (3.70%) data and intra-sentential switching with 111 (82.22%) data. The most frequent type of code-switching found in the novel was intra-sentential switching, while inter-sentential switching is the least types of code switching.
Types of Code-Switching Take from Tasya Kamila Instagram Account
Authors: Ni Luh Putu Januartini  , I Dewa Ayu Devi Maharani Santika
Published: February 2024

Nowadays, code-switching has been widely used by the public in communicating on social media or directly. This study aims to analyze the types of code-switching from Indonesian to English and vice versa on Tasya Kamila Instagram Account. The descriptive qualitative method is used for this study to analyze the data. The data were analyzed using the theory from Poplack (1980). There are 3 types of code-switching based on theory from Poplack (1980) such as tag-switching, inter-sentential switching, and intra-sentential switching. The types of code-switching that use 5 data of tag-switching with percentage (8.62%), 28 data of intersentential switching with percentage (48,28%), and 25 data of intra-sentential switching with percentage (43,10%). Based on the results of research, Tasya Kamila is dominantly using intersentential switching in writing captions for each photo or video on her Instagram account.
Derivational Noun Suffixes Found in Dive Studios YouTube Channel Entitled “How Did I Get Here?”
Authors: Dewata Kirana Intan , I. G. B. Wahyu Nugraha Putra
Published: February 2024

In this research concerns with derivational noun suffixes in the Dive Studios YouTube Channel entitled “How Did I Get Here?” episode 1. The method that used in this research descriptive quantitative method to identify the types and the progress of derivational noun suffixes that found in the data source. This research found 57 data in total that found in the data source. By using theory from Plag (2002) this theory claims there are twenty-two types of derivational noun suffixes there are -ness, -age, -al, -ship, -an, -ance, -ing, -ion, -ant, -ism, -ist, -cy/-ce, -ity, -ment, -dom, -ee, -eer, -(e)ry, -ess, -ful, -hood, -er. But in this research only found five suffixes out of twenty-two. And in this study were found five types of derivational noun suffixes: -ing, -ion, -ment, -ful, and -ist.
Pedagogical Conditions for the Formation of the Readiness of Future Specialists in Physical Rehabilitation to Work with Athletes of Water Srorts in the Process of Professional Training
Authors: Grynova Maryna , Zhamardiy Valeriy , Kravchenko Inna , Shkola Olena , Donchenko Viktoriia , Peleshenko Ihor , Lyvatskyi Oleksandr
Published: February 2024

Aim: To experimental verification of pedagogical conditions for the formation of the readiness of future specialists in physical rehabilitation to work with athletes of water sports in the process of professional training.
Materials and Methods: The experimental work was carried out in the period from 2017-2022 and covered three stages that determined the program of the pedagogical experiment. 204 students were involved in the experiment to check the effectiveness of pedagogical conditions (EG passed 103 students, CG – 101). Experimental research was carried out on the basis of higher education institutions of Ukraine: Khmelnytskyi National University, H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Kamianets-Podilsky Ivan Ohienko National University. Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodical literature; pedagogical observation; pedagogical experiment; pedagogical testing; methods of mathematical statistics.
Results: During the comprehensive diagnostic testing during the formative stage of the experiment, the majority of EG students demonstrated a high and medium level of readiness to work with water sports students (high – 30.10 %, average – 51.46 %), and only 18.44 % of EG students revealed a low level of readiness. At the same time, a slightly different indicator was recorded in CG: high level – 10.89 %, average – 38.61 %, low – 50.50 %.
Conclusions: Therefore, the presented quantitative and qualitative analysis of the results of the experiment recorded positive dynamics in the levels of students’ readiness to work with water sports athletes after experimental training and the introduction of pedagogical conditions regarding the determined component structure of the studied readiness, of their criterion indicators and parameters of formation, which took place during the experimental testing.
Changes in Body Composition after Indoor Climbing Program in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Bibro Marta Anna , Smoła Eliza , Wódka Katarzyna , Jankowicz-Szymańska Agnieszka
Published: February 2024

Aim: Overweight and obesity are also among the biggest health problems for people with intellectual disabilities. Rehabilitation programmes often use various sports disciplines. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of indoor climbing on the body weight and adipose tissue levels in people with mild and moderate intellectual disability. Material and Methods: The study involved 68 people aged 18-25 with a diagnosed intellectual disability with a total IQ of 38-69. The experimental group took part in organised climbing activities twice a week for 15 weeks. Before and after the programme, body height and weight, the percentage of body fat and the circumferences of the forearm and lower leg were measured. The body mass index (BMI) was also calculated. Results: There was a significant increase in body weight and BMI in both groups; this was greater in the control group. Only in the control group was a significant increase in the adipose tissue as a percentage of body weight observed, while in the experimental group there was a slight decrease in this parameter. In the experimental group, a slight increase in the circumferences of the lower leg and forearm was observed, while in the control group there was a decrease. Conclusions: The study shows that climbing classes may lead to beneficial changes in the body composition of people with intellectual disabilities. Climbing can be included in programmes promoting physical activity in this group and become part of the prevention of lifestyle diseases such as overweight and obesity.
Health policies in the Balkan Region – overview and chosen examples
Authors: Olszewski Paweł , Piotr Stolarczyk Piotr
Published: February 2024

This article is a review of basic information on health policies and an introduction to the issue of their design and implementation in the Balkans. The purpose of this article is to discuss the general characteristics of health policies in the Balkans, the challenges and opportunities related to their determination, and implementation in the region and selected countries. The materials used in the preparation of the article are international publications and source documents regulating the issues raised in selected countries as well as studies of the International Health Organization. The methods used in the course of the work were analysis of source documents and data analysis. The work resulted in an article that concisely introduces the reader to the complex issue of health policies in a region still recovering from the armed conflict of the 1990s. The analysis of this issue indicates a deep differentiation of the undertaken activities and financing tools while emphasizing the similarity and often commonality of solutions. This is due to the level of development of individual countries, their economic capabilities, and the degree of advancement in integration processes with the European Union.