bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Macroeconomic Risks and Asset Pricing: Evidence from a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model
Authors: Li Erica X. N. , Li Haitao , Wang Shujing , Yu Cindy
Published: June 2018

We study the relation between macroeconomic fundamentals and asset pricing through the lens of a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. We provide full-information Bayesian estimation of the DSGE model using macroeconomic variables and extract the time series of four latent fundamental shocks of the model: neutral technology shock, investment-specific technological shock, monetary policy shock, and risk shock. Asset pricing tests show that our model-implied four-factor model can explain a number of prominent cross-sectional return spreads: size, book-to-market, investment, earnings, and long-term reversal. The investment-specific technological shock and risk shock play the most important role in explaining those return spreads.

This paper was accepted by Neng Wang, finance.
The religious and secular antecedents of modern mental health care
Authors: Nolan Peter
Published: June 2018

Peter Nolan reflects on the effects of monasteries and the Poor Law on mental health
Mental health and spirituality
Authors: Barber Christopher Francis
Published: June 2018

Spirituality and religious beliefs and the nursing care associated with these are often seen as areas where all but the brave or foolish fear to tread. Despite this, both spirituality and religious beliefs can often have a profound effect on an individual. This article explores the meaning and impact of spirituality on the lives and support of those who experience mental health issues.
Making microchipping more effective to reunite lost pets
Authors: Goetz Ursula
Published: June 2018

Microchiping can be very effective to enable lost or strayed pets to be reunited with their owners. However, it is only effective if the information in the database holding the microchip details has been kept up to date. Experience at Mayhew Animal Home shows that unfortunately too many owners still do not keep details updated even for dogs, while many cats are not yet microchipped. All veterinary practices can help to address this.
Canine superficial chronic corneal epithelial deficits (SCCEDs)
Authors: Cooper Sarah
Published: June 2018

Spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects or ‘SCCED’ lesions are superficial corneal ulcers that occur most commonly in middle-aged, usually large breed dogs, although they may be seen in any breed. They are moderately common in general practice and can be frustrating to treat. This article outlines the aetiopathogenesis, clinical diagnosis and possible treatment options.
Hypocalcaemia (puerperal tetany, milk fever, eclampsia) in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)
Authors: Temple Vicki
Published: June 2018

Dyspnoea and/or collapse are not uncommon presenting signs for ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) brought in to the veterinary clinic. A 2-year-old female entire ferret was presented 3 weeks post-whelping with sudden onset collapse and dyspnoea. Blood glucose levels were found to be normal, however biochemistry analysis showed profound hypocalcaemia. Clinical signs resolved fully after the administration of calcium gluconate. This case report alerts the clinician to the clinical presentation and management of hypocalcaemia in the lactating ferret.
WSAVA: championing access to veterinary therapeutics
Authors: Ryan Shane
Published: June 2018

In most Western countries we take it for granted that we have access to the essential equipment, disposables and pharmaceuticals that we need to effectively treat our animal patients. In many countries, regrettably, the therapeutic agents we commonly use are unavailable. The World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) is working to address this.
Is volunteering on your map?
Authors: White Nikita
Published: June 2018

Trainee dental nurse Nikita White reveals how she flew to Morocco – and out of her comfort zone – to help provide much-needed dental care in the Atlas Mountains
How to prevent ‘never events’
Authors: Osariemen P , Tran T , Patel S , Parenti C , Gordhan P , Ogadako M
Published: June 2018

A look at how the dental nurse's skill in charting can help to identify the correct tooth in order to avoid a detrimental outcome
Enhanced CPD
Authors: Gray Sophie
Published: June 2018

A look at the basics of the upcoming changes
Continual near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring in the injured lower limb and acute compartment syndrome
Authors: Shuler M. S. , Roskosky M. , Kinsey T. , Glaser D. , Reisman W. , Ogburn C. , Yeoman C. , Wanderman N. R. , Freedman B.
Published: June 2018

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a continuous, non-invasive monitor for acute compartment syndrome (ACS).

Patients and Methods

NIRS sensors were placed on 86 patients with, and 23 without (controls), severe leg injury. NIRS values were recorded for up to 48 hours. Longitudinal data were analyzed using summary and graphical methods, bivariate comparisons, and multivariable multilevel modelling.

Results

Mean NIRS values in the anterior, lateral, superficial posterior, and deep posterior compartments were between 72% and 78% in injured legs, between 69% and 72% in uninjured legs, and between 71% and 73% in bilaterally uninjured legs. In patients without ACS, the values were typically > 3% higher in injured compartments. All seven limbs with ACS had at least one compartment where NIRS values were 3% or more below a reference uninjured control compartment. Missing data were encountered in many instances.

Conclusion

NIRS oximetry might be used to aid the assessment and management of patients with ACS. Sustained hyperaemia is consistent with the absence of ACS in injured legs. Loss of the hyperaemic differential warrants heightened surveillance. NIRS values in at least one injured compartment(s) were > 3% below the uninjured contralateral compartment(s) in all seven patients with ACS. Additional interventional studies are required to validate the use of NIRS for ACS monitoring. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:787–97.
Joint aspiration, including culture of reaspirated saline after a ‘dry tap’, is sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of hip and knee prosthetic joint infection
Authors: Partridge D. G. , Winnard C. , Townsend R. , Cooper R. , Stockley I.
Published: June 2018

Aims

The aim of this study was to establish the diagnostic accuracy of culture of joint aspirate with and without saline injection-reaspiration.

Patients and Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of 580 hip and knee aspirations in patients who were deemed to have a moderate to high risk of infection, and who subsequently proceeded to revision arthroplasty over a period of 12 years. It was carried out at a large quaternary referral centre where preoperative aspiration is routine.

Results

Fluid was aspirated primarily in 313 (54%) cases and after saline injection-reaspiration of a ‘dry tap’ in 267 (46%) cases. Overall sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic aspirate were 84% (78% to 89%) and 85% (81% to 88%), respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of saline injection-reaspiration after ‘dry tap’ were 87% (79% to 92%) and 79% (72% to 84%) compared with 81% (71% to 88%) and 90% (85% to 93%) for direct aspiration.

Conclusion

Preoperative joint aspiration and culture is a sensitive and specific test for the confirmation of diagnosis in patients at a moderate to high risk of prosthetic joint infection. Culture of saline injection-reaspiration also provides accurate diagnostic information in the event of a ‘dry tap’. Both methods allow susceptibility testing of relevant organisms and are therefore able to guide perioperative antibiotic therapy. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:749–54.
Staged distraction osteogenesis followed by arthrodesis using internal fixation as a form of surgical treatment for complex conditions of the ankle
Authors: Lou T-F. , Hamushan M. , Li H. , Wang C-Y. , Chai Y. , Han P.
Published: June 2018

Aims

The aim of this study was to describe the technique of distraction osteogenesis followed by arthrodesis using internal fixation to manage complex conditions of the ankle, and to present the results of this technique.

Patients and Methods

Between 2008 and 2014, distraction osteogenesis followed by arthrodesis using internal fixation was performed in 12 patients with complex conditions of the ankle due to trauma or infection. There were eight men and four women: their mean age was 35 years (23 to 51) at the time of surgery. Bone healing and functional recovery were evaluated according to the criteria described by Paley. Function was assessed using the ankle-hindfoot scale of the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS).

Results

A solid fusion of the ankle and eradication of infection was achieved in all patients. A mean lengthening of 6.1 cm (2.5 to 14) was achieved at a mean follow-up of 25.2 months (14 to 37). The mean external fixation index (EFI) was 42 days/cm (33.3 to 58). The function was judged to be excellent in six patients and good in six patients. Bone results were graded as excellent in ten patients and good in two patients. The mean AOFAS score was 37.3 (5 to 77) preoperatively and 75.3 (61 to 82) at the final follow-up. Minor complications, which were treated conservatively, included pain, pin-tract infection, loosening of wires, and midfoot stiffness. Major complications, which were treated surgically included grade V pin-tract infection with inflammation and osteolysis, poor consolidation of the regenerate bone, and soft-tissue invagination. The reoperations required to treat the major complications included the exchange of pins and wires, bone grafting and invagination split surgery.

Conclusion

The technique of distraction osteogenesis followed by arthrodesis using internal fixation is an effective form of treatment for the management of complex conditions of the ankle. It offers a high rate of union, an opportunity to remove the frame early, and a reduced EFI without infection or wound dehiscence. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:755–60.
Five-year outcome after conversion of a hemiarthroplasty when used for the treatment of a proximal humeral fracture to a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Holschen M. , Siemes M-K. , Witt K-A. , Steinbeck J.
Published: June 2018

Aims

The reasons for failure of a hemirthroplasty (HA) when used to treat a proximal humeral fracture include displaced or necrotic tuberosities, insufficient metaphyseal bone-stock, and rotator cuff tears. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) is often the only remaining form of treatment in these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome after conversions from a failed HA to rTSA.

Material and Methods

A total of 35 patients, in whom a HA, as treatment for a fracture of the proximal humerus, had failed, underwent conversion to a rTSA. A total of 28 were available for follow-up at a mean of 61 months (37 to 91), having been initially reviewed at a mean of 20 months (12 to 36) postoperatively. Having a convertible design, the humeral stem could be preserved in nine patients. The stem was removed in the other 19 patients and a conventional rTSA was implanted. At final follow-up, patients were assessed using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the Constant Score, and plain radiographs.

Results

At final follow-up, the mean ASES was 59 (25 to 97) and the mean adjusted Constant Score was 63% (23% to 109%). Both improved significantly (p < 0.001). The mean forward flexion was 104° (50° to 155°) and mean abduction was 98° (60° to 140°). Nine patients (32%) had a complication; two had an infection and instability, respectively; three had a scapular fracture; and one patient each had delayed wound healing and symptomatic loosening. If implants could be converted to a rTSA without removal of the stem, the operating time was shorter (82 minutes versus 102 minutes; p = 0.018).

Conclusion

After failure of a HA in the treatment of a proximal humeral fracture, conversion to a rTSA may achieve pain relief and improved shoulder function. The complication rate is considerable. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:761–6.
The use of computer adaptive tests in outcome assessments following upper limb trauma
Authors: Jayakumar P. , Overbeek C. L. , Vranceanu A-M. , Williams M. , Lamb S. , Ring D. , Gwilym S.
Published: June 2018

Aims

Outcome measures quantifying aspects of health in a precise, efficient, and user-friendly manner are in demand. Computer adaptive tests (CATs) may overcome the limitations of established fixed scales and be more adept at measuring outcomes in trauma. The primary objective of this review was to gain a comprehensive understanding of the psychometric properties of CATs compared with fixed-length scales in the assessment of outcome in patients who have suffered trauma of the upper limb. Study designs, outcome measures and methodological quality are defined, along with trends in investigation.

Materials and Methods

A search of multiple electronic databases was undertaken on 1 January 2017 with terms related to “CATs”, “orthopaedics”, “trauma”, and “anatomical regions”. Studies involving adults suffering trauma to the upper limb, and undergoing any intervention, were eligible. Those involving the measurement of outcome with any CATs were included. Identification, screening, and eligibility were undertaken, followed by the extraction of data and quality assessment using the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) criteria. The review is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria and reg istered (PROSPERO: CRD42016053886).

Results

A total of 31 studies reported trauma conditions alone, or in combination with non-traumatic conditions using CATs. Most were cross-sectional with varying level of evidence, number of patients, type of study, range of conditions and methodological quality. CATs correlated well with fixed scales and had minimal or no floor-ceiling effects. They required significantly fewer questions and/or less time for completion. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) CATs were the most frequently used, and the use of CATs is increasing.

Conclusion

Early studies show valid and reliable outcome measurement with CATs performing as well as, if not better than, established fixed scales. Superior properties such as floor-ceiling effects and ease of use support their use in the assessment of outcome after trauma. As CATs are being increasingly used in patient outcomes research, further psychometric evaluation, especially involving longitudinal studies and groups of patients with specific injuries are required to inform clinical practice using these contemporary measures. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:693–702.
The trilemma of Malaysian higher education
Authors: Campbell James
Published: June 2018

Higher education in Malaysia has an important political and social dimension. The importance of maintaining national stability and authority and addressing the problems of horizontal inequality are ultimately unavoidable influences on Malaysian educational institutions. These issues act to temper the promises and impact of liberalization and globalization in higher education. The discourse of higher education in Malaysia and the way in which we formulate arguments about higher educational institutions, globalization, the state and democratic needs must be understood in historical and political contexts. The establishment of a post-independence national education system was informed both by Malaysia’s colonial inheritance and a desire to transcend its limitations. Malaysian public policy especially since the inculcation of the New Economic Policy has also had a strong focus on addressing inequality between ethnic groups in Malaysia and the legacy of horizontal inequality rooted in the unjust legacy of Malaysia’s colonial past. To understand Malaysian higher education, one needs an historical understanding of its colonial past and a sense of the local conditions that inform the difficult political choices that policy makers have. The limits of globalization and liberalization in higher education can be understood in reference to these historical, social and political issues.
REQUISITOS-CHAVE DAS MICRO E PEQUENAS EMPRESAS INOVADORAS: A EXPERIÊNCIA DE CAMPO DE AGENTES LOCAIS DE INOVAÇÃO
Authors: RODELA LUCIANA GRACI
Published: June 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é indicar e discutir quais fundamentos práticos fazem com que as micro e pequenas empresas (MPE) sejam inovadoras, fortalecidas e atuais. A discussão teve como base a experiência de campo de 18 agentes locais de inovação, profissionais capacitados pelo SEBRAE, bolsistas do CNPq, que acompanharam mensalmente, por dois anos, um total inicial de 784 MPE do estado de São Paulo. Os agentes realizaram diagnósticos da gestão e da inovação nas empresas participantes e, com base nesses estudos, propuseram planos de ação direcionados a melhorar suas capacidades competitivas. A implantação de inovações foi monitorada sistematicamente e observada suas evoluções nesse período em cada empresa. A autora do presente trabalho orientou a seleção e a organização dos dados de campo para elaboração de artigos dos agentes. Durante as orientações, foram estimuladas reflexões sobre as principais situações que contribuíram e que dificultaram o desenvolvimento da inovação nas empresas acompanhadas, bem como foi aplicado questionário para mensurar a experiência empírica. Revelam-se indicativos requeridos para estabelecimento e manutenção da inovação em MPE.
UMA PERSPECTIVA CÉTICA QUANTO AO VALOR ABSOLUTO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS
Authors: Olivier da Silva André Luiz
Published: June 2018

O presente trabalho aponta para uma das teses mais confusas acerca da fundamentação dos direitos humanos, que consiste na afirmação de que esses direitos são direitos morais a priori e universais, isto é, são direitos absolutos. Mas o que significa dizer que os direitos humanos são absolutos? Segundo os programas tradicionais de fundamentação, os direitos humanos seriam direitos inatos à natureza humana e válidos para toda humanidade, independente de sua existência como direito positivo dentro de um ordenamento jurídico. A afirmação da universalidade dos direitos humanos tem suas raízes tanto no discurso moderno do direito natural quanto no discurso kantiano do valor absoluto. Em ambos os projetos, verifica-se uma metodologia que deduz direitos a partir de uma base metafísica segundo a qual os direitos humanos “devem ser” universais e válidos para todos os seres racionais. Como alternativa a esse tipo de leitura metafísica, o presente artigo propõe uma abordagem cética dos direitos, segundo a qual não há justificativa racional para dizer quais devem ser os direitos humanos. A partir de uma metodologia descritivista, pretende-se destacar que, em uma investigação filosófica sobre os direitos humanos, não se pode mais do que descrever o modo como as pessoas e os movimentos de cunho social, moral e político nomeiam aqueles direitos que consideram humanos.
O JUIZADO DE GARANTIAS COMO FATOR DETERMINANTE À ESTRUTURAÇÃO DEMOCRÁTICA DA JURISDIÇÃO CRIMINAL: O CONTRIBUTO DAS REFORMAS PROCESSUAIS PENAIS LATINO-AMERICANAS À REFORMA PROCESSUAL PENAL BRASILEIRA
Authors: Maya André Machado
Published: June 2018

O presente ensaio tem como objetivo examinar o instituto do juiz de garantias, como proposto no atual projeto de reforma do Código de Processo Penal brasileiro, e destacar a importância dessa nova figura à estruturação democrática da jurisdição criminal. A este efeito, proceder-se-á a uma abordagem comparada em relação ao juiz de garantias como previsto nas reformas processuais penais latino-americanas, identificando semelhanças e diferenças, para ao final destacar a necessidade de avançar em relação à proposta atual, identificando pontos determinantes à concepção do juiz de garantias como efetivo instrumento de democratização do sistema de justiça criminal.
Empreendedorismo Corporativo em Organizações Públicas
Authors: Ferras Robson Paulo Ribeiro , Lenzi Fernando César , Stefano Silvio Roberto , Ramos Flávio
Published: June 2018

Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar as competências empreendedoras corporativas dos servidores e da cultura estabelecida em uma Universidade Pública. A pesquisa é classificada como quantitativa, analítica e descritiva. Foram realizados testes estatísticos e análises, considerando a confiabilidade de 95%: Qui-Quadrado, Alfa de Cronbach, ANOVA, Teste t, Análise de Cluster, Tau de Kendall (τ) e correlação. As análises estatísticas demonstraram que, na instituição pesquisada, não predominou a correlação entre os fatores de influência sobre a cultura intraempreendedora e as competências empreendedoras corporativas dos profissionais. Os resultados indicaram que o estímulo à inovação na organização requer estratégias voltadas tanto ao desenvolvimento das competências empreendedoras dos profissionais, como também à cultura interna da instituição.
Sustainable Planning of a New City in Mozambique
Authors: Coutinho Pedro Bettencourt
Published: June 2018

Careful Land and Urban planning is of extreme importance in developing countries with fast growing population like Mozambique. Environmental Strategic Assessment (SEA) and Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) are management instruments to early predict urban development potential impacts and risks, contributing to support the shaping of sustainable planning, and avoiding the social and environmental havoc of inadequate development. The objective of this paper is to present the contribution of SEA and ESIA in the planning process of a new major city in southern Mozambique, in Katembe district, facing Mozambique’s capital Maputo.The Katembe City’s environmental and social assessment process highlighted the environmental, socioeconomics and cultural particularities of this territory and identified the critical constraints for urban development. A preliminary assessment avoided major negative potential impacts, but required specific environmental and social detailed studies to be addressed in the new city’s partial urban plans. When these studies were completed the new urban detailed plans included all the necessary environmental requirements to avoid/mitigate flooding, coastal erosion, and biodiversity loss and habitat fragmentation. It is expected that this experience will encourage the wider application of sustainable urban planning in shaping new urban areas in Mozambique and other fast developing countries.
ANALISIS RESPONS BUTIR PADA TES BAKAT SKOLASTIK
Authors: Setiawati Farida Agus , Izzaty Rita Eka , Hidayat Veny
Published: June 2018

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), consisting of both verbal and numerical subtests. We used a descriptive quantitative approach by describing the characteristics of SAT based on the degree of item difficulty, item discrimination index, pseudoguessing index, test information function and standard error measurement. The data are responses of the SAT instrument, collected from 1,047 subjects in Yogyakarta using the documentation technique. Data were then analyzed by Item Response Theory (IRT) approach with the help of the BILOG program on all logistic parameter models, preceded by identifying item suitability with the model. Analysis concludes that: verbal subtest tends to compliment the 2-PL and 3-PL model, meanwhile, numerical subtest only fit the 2-PL model. Majority items of SAT have a good characteristic on index of item difficulty, item discrimination, and pseudoguessing, and based of test information function, SAT is accurate to be used in the 1-PL, 2-PL, and 3-PL IRT models for all level of ability.
On the full transitivity of a cotorsion hull
Authors: Kemoklidze Tariel
Published: June 2018

It is shown that there exists a family of

2

2

ℵ
0

{2^{2^{\aleph_{0}}}}

non-isomorphic separable primary groups with unbounded basic subgroups of cardinality not exceeding

2

ℵ
0

{2^{\aleph_{0}}}

, where the cotorsion hull of each group is not fully transitive.
Two (non-) islands in Slovenian: A study in Experimental Syntax
Authors: Stepanov Arthur , Mušič Manca , Stateva Penka
Published: June 2018

There exists a controversy in the literature and among the speakers of Slovenian concerning the grammaticality of wh-island and subject island constructions in this language. We conducted an acceptability rating study of wh-islands and subject islands in Slovenian, using the factorial definition of island. This definition provides for a possibility to isolate a true island effect while controlling for two complexity factors that potentially interfere in speakers’ evaluation of the relevant sentences: thelengthof the respective movement dependency and the presence of anisland structureitself. We found that (i) Slovenian speakers do judge the wh-island sentences worse than the respective controls, but the observed degradation cannot be attributed to a true island effect; (ii) subject extraction out of a wh-island leads to a so calledreverse island effectwhereby the acceptability is higher than expected even if the above two complexity factors are taken into consideration; and (iii) speakers are sensitive to the subject island effect, as predicted by the mainstream theories of syntactic locality. The results of our study contribute to establishing a solid empirical base for further theoretical investigations of the island effects and raise new questions about the role of processing factors in speakers’ evaluations of island constructions.
The grammaticalization of -kotok- into a negative marker in Manda (Bantu N.11)
Authors: Bernander Rasmus
Published: June 2018

It is common both crosslinguistically and specifically in Bantu languages for the prohibitive to be formed by a construction consisting of a cessative verb in collocation with a non-finite verb. This is also the case in Manda, an understudied Southern Tanzanian Bantu language. In Manda, a negative imperative is expressed by the auxiliary -kotok-, with the (lexical) meaning ‘leave (off), stop’, operating on an infinitive full verb. Intriguingly, there is variation in this construction, as -kotok- may be both formally reduced and may be used more broadly to denote non-factivity in other “non-main” (or non-standard) contexts. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that this functional and formal variation reflects a historical and ongoing process of grammaticalization along the verb-to-affix cline. Drawing on field data, the available historical data and (micro-)comparative data, this study argues that -kotok- is transforming into a more general non-main negation marker. These changes corroborate Güldemann’s hypothesis (Güldemann, Tom. 1999. The genesis of verbal negation in Bantu and its dependency on functional features of clause types. In Jean-Marie Hombert & Larry Hyman (eds.), Bantu historical linguistics, 545–587. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications) that the salient category of non-standard secondary negative markers in Bantu is derived from constructions with an auxiliary and a non-finite verb.
Umweltentscheidungen als Wechselspiel von Einstellungen, Handlungskosten und situativer Rahmung – ein empirischer Theorienvergleich mit Daten des GESIS Panels
Authors: Neumann Robert , Mehlkop Guido
Published: June 2018

Verschiedene theoretische Ansätze versuchen, den Zusammenhang zwischen individuellen Umwelteinstellungen und umweltbezogenem Verhalten bei Alltagsentscheidungen zu erklären. Die Low-Cost-Hypothese wie auch duale Prozessmodelle im Allgemeinen und das Modell der Frame Selektion im Speziellen unterstellen dabei für das Wechselspiel von Umwelteinstellungen und Entscheidungskosten unterschiedliche Wirkungszusammenhänge. Der Beitrag möchte durch die Einbeziehung sequentieller Entscheidungssituationen in aktuellen Bevölkerungsumfragen die theoretische Auseinandersetzung um die angemessene Erklärung von Umweltentscheidungen empirisch anreichern. Dazu verwenden wir Daten aus zwei Wellen des GESIS Panels. Mit Hilfe von Mehrebenenanalysen lassen sich zwar empirische Nachweise für beide Erklärungsansätze finden, für die Vorhersagen beider Theorien finden wir jedoch in Abhängigkeit der situativen Rahmung der Entscheidung auch teilweise inkonsistente Ergebnisse.
Marketing 2.0 aplicado al sector turístico: la función comercial de los sitios webs de las organizaciones de marketing de destinos
Authors: Martínez Sala Alba María
Published: June 2018

El artículo estudia evolutivamente la función comercial de las webs turísticas oficiales de los destinos españoles cuya oferta se centra en el producto sol y playa, por ser este el motor principal del turismo en España, y por ser la web una herramienta indispensable en la comercialización de sus productos y servicios. La metodología se basa en una revisión bibliográfica sobre marketing e Internet en el sector turístico y sobre la función comercial de los sitios webs en general y de los turísticos oficiales en particular. Se desarrolla un estudio exploratorio de las webs turísticas oficiales españolas de los destinos cuya oferta se centra en el producto sol y playa mediante un análisis de contenido de variables relativas a su función comercial, así como de su evolución desde la llegada del modelo 2.0. Se parte de la hipótesis de que las webs turísticas oficiales han evolucionado hacia modelos más comerciales y se alcanzan unos resultados que verifican dicha hipótesis, pero evidencian una falta de aprovechamiento de las ventajas del marketing 2.0. Por otra parte, el estudio sugiere una serie de medidas que las organizaciones de marketing de destino deben adoptar con el fin de remediar estas deficiencias y optimizar la función comercial de sus sitios webs.
Evaluation of Skating Top Speed, Acceleration, and Multiple Repeated Sprint Speed Ice Hockey Performance Tests
Authors: Bond Colin W. , Bennett Tylor W. , Noonan Benjamin C.
Published: June 2018

Bond, CW, Bennett, TW, and Noonan, BC. Evaluation of skating top speed, acceleration, and multiple repeated sprint speed ice hockey performance tests. J Strength Cond Res 32(8): 2273–2283, 2018—Skating speed, acceleration (ACC), and economy are important attributes related to ice hockey success and should ideally be tested on the ice in a reliable and time efficient manner that is accessible to coaches at all levels of the sport. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of certain on-ice tests and further, to use these results to evaluate changes in performance across a season. It was hypothesized that the tests' reliability would be excellent and that players would demonstrate improvements in performance associated with enhanced physiological conditioning. Forty male ice hockey players (16.2 ± 0.8 years, 1.76 ± 0.06 m, 73.7 ± 9.8 kg) completed top speed (TS), ACC, and multiple repeated sprint time (MRST) tests twice in the preseason (PRE 1 and 2) 1 week apart to examine reliability and once postseason (POST) to examine changes across the season. A high-speed video camera was used to time each test. The TS, ACC, and MRST demonstrated excellent within- and between-day reliability (interclass correlation coefficient [ICC] ≥ 0.83, typical error [TE] ≤ 2.6%) as well as within- and between-rater reliability (ICC ≥ 0.86, TE ≤ 0.5%). The team's TS and ACC were similar at all 3 assessments (p > 0.05), whereas MRST was faster at POST than at PRE 1 (p < 0.05). This test battery is reliable, time efficient, and inexpensive. All 3 tests may be used in team selection and identification of fatigue or overtraining. The MRST may be the most sensitive to short-term improvements related to ice hockey conditioning.
Association of Compartmental Leg Lean Mass Measured by Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry With Force Production
Authors: Raymond-Pope Christiana J. , Dengel Donald R. , Fitzgerald John S. , Bosch Tyler A.
Published: June 2018

Raymond-Pope, CJ, Dengel, DR, Fitzgerald, JS, and Bosch, TA. Association of compartmental leg lean mass measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry with force production. J Strength Cond Res 34(6): 1690–1699, 2020—We recently reported a novel method for measuring upper leg anterior/posterior compartmental composition. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of this method with measures of muscle-specific and explosive strength and to compare this method with traditional dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of total and upper leg masses. We hypothesize this method will be related to muscle-specific strength measured by isokinetic dynamometry and explosive strength measured by jump mechanography. Nineteen NCAA Division I college athletes (10 women; age = 20.4 ± 1.4 years; height = 1.8 ± 0.1 m; body mass = 73.8 ± 17.0 kg) underwent 3 DXA scans (1 total body, 2 lateral) and knee extension/flexion strength assessment using isokinetic dynamometry at 3 velocities (60, 120, and 180°·s−1). A subset of 10 participants also completed a squat jump on a force platform on a different day. Pearson correlations compared 3 separate lean soft-tissue mass (LSTM) regions of interest (total leg, upper leg, and compartmental leg) with (a) isokinetic peak torque and (b) squat jump height, peak force, and peak and average rate of force development. Compartmental leg LSTM demonstrated similar correlations (r = 0.437–0.835) with peak torque in comparison with total leg (r = 0.463–0.803) and upper leg (r = 0.449–0.795) LSTM. Summed right and left total leg (r = 0.830–0.940), total upper leg (r = 0.824–0.953), and anterior (r = 0.582–0.798) and posterior (r = 0.750–0.951) compartmental leg LSTM demonstrated moderate-to-strong correlations with all squat jump variables, particularly jump height (p < 0.05). The lateral segmentation DXA scanning method demonstrated feasibility in assessing compartmental leg LSTM in relation with isokinetic and squat jump measurements—important outcomes when examining an athlete's response to training and rehabilitation.
Regulation of GnRH pulsatility in ewes
Authors: Nestor Casey C , Bedenbaugh Michelle N , Hileman Stanley M , Coolen Lique M , Lehman Michael N , Goodman Robert L
Published: June 2018

Early work in ewes provided a wealth of information on the physiological regulation of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion by internal and external inputs. Identification of the neural systems involved, however, was limited by the lack of information on neural mechanisms underlying generation of GnRH pulses. Over the last decade, considerable evidence supported the hypothesis that a group of neurons in the arcuate nucleus that contain kisspeptin, neurokinin B and dynorphin (KNDy neurons) are responsible for synchronizing secretion of GnRH during each pulse in ewes. In this review, we describe our current understanding of the neural systems mediating the actions of ovarian steroids and three external inputs on GnRH pulsatility in light of the hypothesis that KNDy neurons play a key role in GnRH pulse generation. In breeding season adults, estradiol (E2) and progesterone decrease GnRH pulse amplitude and frequency, respectively, by actions on KNDy neurons, with E2decreasing kisspeptin and progesterone increasing dynorphin release onto GnRH neurons. In pre-pubertal lambs, E2inhibits GnRH pulse frequency by decreasing kisspeptin and increasing dynorphin release, actions that wane as the lamb matures to allow increased pulsatile GnRH secretion at puberty. Less is known about mediators of undernutrition and stress, although some evidence implicates kisspeptin and dynorphin, respectively, in the inhibition of GnRH pulse frequency by these factors. During the anoestrus, inhibitory photoperiod acting via melatonin activates A15 dopaminergic neurons that innervate KNDy neurons; E2increases dopamine release from these neurons to inhibit KNDy neurons and suppress the frequency of kisspeptin and GnRH release.
The Doubletime HomologKIN-20Mainly Regulateslet-7Independently of Its Effects on the Period HomologLIN-42inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Rhodehouse Kyle , Cascino Katherine , Aseltine Laura , Padula Allegra , Weinstein Rachel , Spina Joseph S , Olivero Christiane E , Van Wynsberghe Priscilla M
Published: June 2018

The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) heterochronic pathway, which regulates developmental timing, is thought to be an ancestral form of the circadian clock in other organisms. An essential member of this clock is the Period protein whose homolog, lin-42, in C. elegans is an important heterochronic gene. LIN-42 functions as a transcriptional repressor of multiple genes including the conserved lin-4 and let-7 microRNAs. Like other Period proteins, levels of LIN-42 oscillate throughout development. In other organisms this cycling is controlled in part by phosphorylation. KIN-20 is the C. elegans homolog of the Drosophila Period protein kinase Doubletime. Worms containing a large deletion in kin-20 have a significantly smaller brood size and develop slower than wild type C. elegans. Here we analyze the effect of kin-20 on lin-42 phenotypes and microRNA expression. We find that kin-20 RNAi enhances loss-of-function lin-42 mutant phenotypes and that kin-20 mutant worms express lower levels of LIN-42. We also show that kin-20 is important for post-transcriptional regulation of mature let-7 and lin-4 microRNA expression. In addition, the increased level of let-7 found in lin-42(n1089) mutant worms is not maintained after kin-20 RNAi treatment. Instead, let-7 is further repressed when levels of kin-20 and lin-42 are both decreased. Altogether these results suggest that though kin-20 regulates lin-42 and let-7 microRNA, it mainly affects let-7 microRNA expression independently of lin-42. These findings further our understanding of the mechanisms by which these conserved circadian rhythmic genes interact to ultimately regulate rhythmic processes, developmental timing and microRNA biogenesis in C. elegans.
Mehr Unsicherheit durch Rechtsklarheit? – Zur Anwendung des Vollfunktionskriteriums in der europäischen Fusionskontrolle
Authors: Stauber Peter , Pahlen Robert
Published: June 2018

Am 7. 9. 2017 hat der EuGH in der Rechtssache „Austria Asphalt“ im Rahmen eines Vorabentscheidungsverfahrens entschieden, dass die Gründung eines Gemeinschaftsunternehmens („GU“) stets nur dann der europäischen Fusionskontrolle unterfällt, wenn das GU auf Dauer alle Funktionen einer selbstständigen wirtschaftlichen Einheit erfüllt (sog. Vollfunktionseigenschaft). Dies gilt nunmehr unabhängig davon, ob das GU neu gegründet oder ein bereits operativ tätiges Unternehmen erst später zum GU wird, indem ein Wechsel von alleiniger zu gemeinsamer Kontrolle stattfindet. Die Praxis der Europäischen Kommission war demgegenüber bislang uneinheitlich. Auch im Rahmen des vorliegenden Vorabentscheidungsverfahrens nahm die Europäische Kommission einen abweichenden Standpunkt ein als im Verfahrensabschnitt vor dem Vorabentscheidungsersuchen. Das Urteil des EuGH bringt somit Klarheit in diesem Punkt. Infolgedessen werden bestimmte Arten von Transaktionen nicht mehr der Fusionskontrolle durch die Europäische Kommission unterliegen. Da in einer Vielzahl von EU-Mitgliedstaaten die Fusionskontrollvorschriften den europäischen Regelungen nachgebildet sind, kann das Urteil i. S. „Austria Asphalt“ zudem zur Folge haben, dass diese Transaktionen auch nicht mehr durch nationale Wettbewerbsbehörden geprüft werden können. Dieses Ergebnis klingt jedoch vorteilhafter, als es auf den ersten Blick tatsächlich ist: Denn die Gründung und Tätigkeit eines GU kann weiterhin am Maßstab des Kartellverbots geprüft werden, was nicht unerhebliche Folgeprobleme – gerade auch auf nationaler Ebene – mit sich bringen kann.
High Concordance between Trained Nurses and Gastroenterologists in Evaluating Recordings of Small Bowel Video Capsule Endoscopy (VCE)
Authors: Guarini Alessandra , Marinis Francesca De , Hassan Cesare , Manta Raffaele , Francesco Vincenzo De , Annibale Bruno , Zullo Angelo
Published: June 2018

Background & Aims: The video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is an accurate and validated tool to investigate the entire small bowel mucosa, but VCE recordings interpretation by the gastroenterologist is time-consuming.A pre-reading of VCE recordings by an expert nurse could be accurate and cost saving. We assessed the concordance between nurses and gastroenterologists in detecting lesions on VCE examinations.Methods: This was a prospective study enrolling consecutive patients who had undergone VCE in clinical practice. Two trained nurses and two expert gastroenterologists participated in the study. At VCE pre-reading the nurses selected any abnormalities, saved them as “thumbnails” and classified the detected lesions as a vascular abnormality, ulcerative lesion, polyp, tumor mass, and unclassified lesion. Then, the gastroenterologist evaluated and interpreted the selected lesions and, successively, reviewed the entire video for potential missed lesions. The time for VCE evaluation was recorded.Results: A total of 95 VCE procedures performed on consecutive patients (M/F: 47/48; mean age: 63 ± 12years, range: 27−86 years) were evaluated. Overall, the nurses detected at least one lesion in 54 (56.8%) patients.There was total agreement between nurses and gastroenterologists, no missing lesions being discovered at a second look of the entire VCE recording by the physician. The pre-reading procedure by nurse allowed a time reduction of medical evaluation from 49 (33-69) to 10 (8-16) minutes (difference: -79.6%).Conclusions: Our data suggest that trained nurses can accurately identify and select relevant lesions in thumbnails that subsequently were faster reviewed by the gastroenterologist for a final diagnosis. This could significantly reduce the cost of VCE procedure.
Faculty development with integration of low stress pet handling techniques into a veterinary school curriculum
Authors: Johnson Jennifer T. , Williamson Julie A.
Published: June 2018

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. As low stress pet handling methods become more mainstream and expected by pet owners, there is a need for skilled instructors teaching these methods in veterinary medical and veterinary technical curricula. This paper describes the integration of practical techniques for low stress pet handling into a veterinary school curriculum. As this represents a shift in pet handling philosophy, faculty consensus-building, continuing education, and integration of new skills is emphasized.
Life safety in heritage structures in Canada
Authors: Morrison Luke , Hamre Lyle
Published: June 2018

Heritage structures are landmarks in a community and form a connection to its history and culture. As a structure’s life extends, it is renovated and is subject to physical changes and to changes in occupancy. When these changes occur, building regulations are applied that require meeting current life safety criteria. Attempts to comply with modern regulations have, in many cases, proved costly and resulted in the loss of heritage features that the owner may want to preserve. Therefore, application of fire safety regulations for heritage structures requires special treatment and has two main objectives – life safety and historic conservation. This paper focuses on the processes and tools that engineers employ to demonstrate acceptable life safety in Canada.
Evaluation of bond–slip behaviour of embedded rebars through control field equations
Authors: Wang Su , Kang Shao-Bo , Tan Kang Hai
Published: June 2018

Anchorage of steel bars is critical in reinforced concrete design to ensure composite action between concrete and rebars. The force–slip relationship of rebars is another factor governing the failure mode and rotation of structural joints. These two aspects can be predicted by bond–slip models and depend on bond behaviour at the reinforcement–concrete interface. However, current bond–slip models show either low accuracy and limited applications due to simplified assumptions or complicated computation due to nested iteration loops. This paper proposes analytical models derived from control field equations, which are characterised by low computational cost, high accuracy and broad application. The control field equations describe force equilibrium of embedded rebars by second-order differential equations and give accurate predictions by incorporating the local bond stress–slip relationship. The proposed models are appropriate for adequate and inadequate embedment lengths of rebars and can describe the evolution of the bond–slip distribution along embedment length. Closed-form solutions can be obtained for perfect anchorage and obviate iterative nested computations. If closed-form solutions are unavailable, owing to free-end slip for short embedment length, a mathematical function in Matlab is used to solve non-linear control field equations and complicated nested iteration is avoided. Finally, the proposed models show good agreement with published experimental results.
Study of compressive behaviour of FRP-recycled aggregate concrete–steel stub columns
Authors: Zeng Lan , Li Lijuan , Chen Liang , Liu Feng
Published: June 2018

Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) recycled aggregate concrete (RAC)–steel columns are a proposed novel form of composite based on hybrid FRP-concrete–steel double-skin tubular columns and, combined with RAC, greatly benefit our sustainable resources and fully exploit the advanced mechanical properties of every component of these composites. To gain an in-depth understanding of the compressive behaviour of FRP–RAC–steel columns (FRSCs) and to examine whether the existing bearing capacity models for other confined concrete columns are applicable to FRSCs, 15 basalt FRSCs were tested by subjecting them to monotonic axial compression. The main parameters investigated were the diameter-to-thickness ratio of the steel tube and the recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratio. The test results showed that the compressive behaviour of FRSCs generally enhanced with a decrease in the diameter-to-thickness ratio of the steel tube, and that the FRSCs with RCA replacement ratios of 30% and 70% tended to have better ultimate bearing capacity and axial shortening. Three typical stress–strain models were checked to predict the ultimate bearing capacity of FRSCs, and values calculated from Yu's model coincided well with the test results.
Physical model simulation of surface subsidence under sub-critical condition
Authors: Sartkaew Suratwadee , Khamrat Supattra , Fuenkajorn Kittitep
Published: June 2018

Physical modelling and numerical analyses are performed to assess the representativeness of some widely used profile functions developed to describe the subsidence configurations under sub-critical conditions. Synthetic gel is used to simulate the overburden. The surface profile measurements are used to calculate the maximum subsidence, slope and curvature angle. The model results agree well with those obtained from numerical analyses with discrepancies of less than 3%. Both suggest that the subsidence components increase with opening width-to-depth ratio. Under the same trough width, the trigonometric function slightly underpredicts the subsidence components, particularly for those induced by deep and small openings. The subsidence components predicted by the hyperbolic function are about 10% greater than those of the physical models. The exponential function underestimates the model measurements by about 5% for all cases. A set of empirical equations is derived to fit with the test results, which can be used to predict the subsidence components induced by the mine opening. Based on the scale law, the gel properties and the opening depths and widths can be correlated with those of the prototypes representing overburden above salt and potash mines in the Maha Sarakham formation.