bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Static properties of a warm dense uniform electron gas
Authors: Ara J. , Coloma Ll. , Tkachenko I. M.
Published: November 2021

We show how the static dielectric function and other static characteristics of dense warm charged Fermi liquids can be obtained exclusively from the system static structure factor. The non-perturbative self-consistent method of moments is employed to extend onto quantum fluids, a similar reduction stemming from the fluctuation-dissipation theorem and other exact relations for classical one-component plasmas. The results are compared to and complement the numerical data obtained recently by the path-integral Monte Carlo method. Alternative theoretical approaches are discussed and employed as well.
Investigation of biaxial strain behavior and phonon-limited mobility for γ graphyne: First-principles calculation
Authors: Su Ye , Cao Shuo , Shi Li-Bin , Qian Ping
Published: November 2021

γ graphyne is a new allotrope of carbon that has attracted interest because of its semiconductor characteristics and high mobility. This work investigates the biaxial strain behavior and phonon-limited mobility for single-layer γ graphyne by using first-principles calculations. Ab initio molecular dynamics calculations reveal that γ graphyne is thermodynamically stable at 300 K and can withstand a biaxial strain of ε=10%. The mobility is investigated by using the deformation potential method. We consider the contribution to mobility of three equivalent valence-band maxima and conduction-band minima, which correct the prediction of carrier mobility. The mobility significantly decreases with the biaxial strain. When under strain, the effective mass gradually increases and the elastic modulus decreases. The mobility is mainly determined by scattering from acoustic phonons. With increasing strain, optical phonons play a decisive role in carrier scattering. Finally, phonon-limited mobility is investigated by using the electron–phonon coupling method within the framework of the Boltzmann transport equation. At 300 K, the predicted mobility is as high as 9.04×103cm2V−1s−1 for electrons and 8.64×103cm2V−1s−1 for holes. The results thus give the upper limit of γ graphyne’s mobility.
Boundary variation diminished conservative semi-Lagrangian method for both compressible and incompressible flows
Authors: Li Qijie , Xia Junqiang , Yokoi Kensuke , Omar Syazana
Published: November 2021

Motivated by the enlightenment that diminishing the jump at the cell boundary can effectively reduce numerical dissipation near the critical region, and a novel constrained interpolation profile conservative semi-Lagrangian method is proposed based on a newly designed boundary variation diminishing algorithm. First, a constrained interpolation profile conservative semi-Lagrangian scheme with the piecewise tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing scheme is proposed as one candidate to represent jump-like discontinuities. Second, the constrained interpolation profile conservative semi-Lagrangian scheme with a fourth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory limiter is used as another candidate to keep the high-order and non-oscillatory reconstruction for smooth solutions. The selection criterion of these two candidates is designed by minimizing the total variations of the first derivative at cell boundaries. A unified pressure-based projection formulation with a fractional step procedure is implemented with the proposed scheme to simulate both compressible and incompressible flows. A variety of numerical tests are studied, including linear and nonlinear scalar wave transport problems and compressible and incompressible flow problems. Results show that the proposed method can effectively eliminate numerical oscillation and diffusion, suggesting it has great potential to be applied to various types of engineering problems including both compressible and incompressible flows.
Extremely low thermal conductivity of β−Ga2O3 with porous structure
Authors: Wu H. J. , Ning S. T. , Qi N. , Ren F. , Chen Z. Q. , Su X. L. , Tang X. F.
Published: November 2021

Due to the ultrawide bandgap (4.9 eV), high carrier mobility (300 cm2V−1s−1), and high thermal stability, β−Ga2O3 can be a potential candidate for high-temperature thermoelectric materials. However, the intrinsically high thermal conductivity may hinder its application for thermoelectric conversion. In this work, porous β−Ga2O3 was prepared by the solvothermal method together with spark plasma sintering technology. Positron lifetime measurement and N2 adsorption confirm the introduction of pores by adding sucrose in the sample preparation. The sucrose-derived β−Ga2O3 sintered at a relatively low temperature of 600 °C remains highly porous, which results in an extremely low thermal conductivity of 0.45 W m−1K−1 at room temperature, and it further decreases to 0.29 W m−1K−1 at 600 °C. This is the lowest thermal conductivity for β−Ga2O3 reported so far. Our work provides an avenue to reduce the thermal conductivity for β−Ga2O3 and is believed to be widely applicable to many other thermoelectric materials.
High pressure, high flow rate batch mixing apparatus for high throughput experiments
Authors: Dalmiya Anandvinod , Mehta Jai M. , Tranter Robert S. , Lynch Patrick T.
Published: November 2021

An automated, high pressure, high flow rate batch mixing apparatus has been designed and constructed for rapid, stable, and repeatable mixing of multiple gases and vapors. The apparatus operates as an intermittent batch mixer with cycles of topping off fresh mixture to maintain pressure in an accumulator tank until consumed in an experimental apparatus. At high duty cycles, the apparatus can also function at steady state. This style of mixing is suitable for experiments such as high repetition rate shock tubes and other devices with intermittent flow demands. It is compact and portable, facilitating use in locations such as synchrotron light sources. The entire apparatus is heated to permit the mixing of vapors from species with low volatilities. The apparatus is fully automated and runs for extended periods with the only intervention being to refresh reagent supplies. The accuracy and repeatability of the apparatus were verified by periodic gas sampling and analysis with gas chromatography. Multi-component mixtures spanning a wide range of complexity, dilution, and volatility of constituents have been prepared. The compositions of the majority of the mixture were found to be stable over several filling cycles, repeatable, and with the proper calibration of set-point conditions, accurate. Challenges were encountered preparing a mixture from multi-component liquids, and potential solutions are discussed.
Adaptive divergence in shoot gravitropism creates hybrid sterility in an Australian wildflower
Authors: Wilkinson Melanie J. , Roda Federico , Walter Greg M. , James Maddie E. , Nipper Rick , Walsh Jessica , Allen Scott L. , North Henry L. , Beveridge Christine A. , Ortiz-Barrientos Daniel
Published: November 2021

Significance

New species originate as populations become reproductively isolated from one another. Despite recent progress in uncovering the genetic basis of reproductive isolation, it remains unclear whether intrinsic reproductive barriers, such as hybrid sterility, can evolve as a by-product of local adaptation to contrasting environments. Here, we show that differences in a plant’s response to the pull of gravity have repeatedly evolved amongst coastal populations of an Australian wildflower, thus implicating a role of natural selection in their evolution. We found a strong genetic association between variation in this adaptive trait and hybrid sterility, suggesting that intrinsic reproductive barriers contribute to the origin of new species as populations adapt to heterogeneous environments.
Testing models of diffusion of morphosyntactic innovations in Twitter data
Authors: Gopal Deepthi , Blaxter Tamsin , Willis David , Leemann Adrian
Published: November 2021

Established models of the spatial diffusion of linguistic innovations vary in their relationship to population density. Differences in prediction between the gravity models (Trudgill 1974), in which probability of diffusion is sensitive to settlement size, and the traditional wave models can be challenging to test due to the difficulty of large-scale and finely-grained geographical sampling. This paper tests the suitability of data derived from Twitter in establishing diffusion patterns. Using two case studies from British English – variation in the realisation of ditransitives, and preposition drop with go – we propose that the correlation between (local) population density and linguistic similarity to geographical neighbours can be used as a measure of hierarchical patterning for an individual innovation.
Apple dimple fruit viroid. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: November 2021

A new distribution map is provided for Apple dimple fruit viroid (Pospiviroidae: Apscaviroid). Host: apple (
Malus domestica
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (China, Shandong, Xinjiang, Iran, Japan, Honshu, Lebanon) and Europe (Italy and Kosovo).
Magnaporthe oryzae
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: November 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Magnaporthe oryzae
Triticum pathotype (Sordariomycetes: Magnaporthaceae). Hosts: wheat (
Triticum aestivum
), barley (
Hordeum vulgare
) and durum wheat (
Triticum turgidum
subsp.
durum
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Zambia), Asia (Bangladesh) and South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Distrito Federal, Goias, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo, Paraguay).
Aphanomyces cochlioides
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: November 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Aphanomyces cochlioides
Drechsler. Peronosporea: Saprolegniales: Leptolegniaceae. Hosts: spinach (
Spinacia oleracea
), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), and other members of the Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Egypt), Asia (Japan, Hokkaido, Turkey), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK), North America (Canada, Alberta, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, USA, Arizona, California, Connecticut, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Texas, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming), Oceania (Australia, Queensland), and South America (Chile).
Midisuperspace foam and the cosmological constant
Authors: Carlip S
Published: November 2021

Wheeler’s conjectured ‘spacetime foam’—large quantum fluctuations of spacetime at the Planck scale—could have important implications for quantum gravity, perhaps even explaining why the cosmological constant seems so small. Here I explore this problem in a midisuperspace model consisting of metrics with local spherical symmetry. Classically, an infinite class of ‘foamy’ initial data can be constructed, in which cancellations between expanding and contracting regions lead to a small average expansion even if Λ is large. Quantum mechanically, the model admits corresponding stationary states, for which the probability current is also nearly zero. These states appear to describe a self-reproducing spacetime foam with very small average expansion, effectively hiding the cosmological constant.
The effects of substrate morphology by regulating pseudopods formation on cell directional alignment and migration
Authors: Zou Jing , Jin Kun , Chen Tongsheng , Li Xinlei
Published: November 2021

When cells are cultured on the micro- or nano- structure substrate, filamentous pseudopods are formed at specific locations due to the effects of substrate morphology and local membrane curvature, which provides a powerful method to guide cell migration and neurite orientation. However, it is unclear the effects of substrate surface morphology and initial cell membrane on pseudopod formation and growth. Here, we present a quantitative thermodynamic model to investigate the difficulty of pseudopod formation. Based on the established model, we studied the effects of substrate morphology and the curvature of the initial cell membrane on filamentous pseudopods formation by analyzing the magnitude of an average driving force. We find that the pseudopod-substrate adhesion and the larger curvature radius of the initial cell membrane can facilitate filamentous pseudopods formation due to the smaller minimum resistance energy. Furthermore, our theoretical results seem to show a broad agreement with experimental observations, which implies that these studies would provide useful guidance to control the pseudopods formation on substrate for biomedical applications.
Break of symmetry at the surface of IrTe2 upon phase transition measured by x-ray photoelectron diffraction
Authors: Rumo Maxime , Pulkkinen Aki , Ma KeYuan , von Rohr Fabian O , Muntwiler Matthias , Monney Claude
Published: November 2021

IrTe2 undergoes a series of charge-ordered phase transitions below room temperature that are characterized by the formation of stripes of Ir dimers of different periodicities. Full hemispherical x-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) experiments have been performed to investigate the atomic position changes undergone near the surface of 1T-IrTe2 in the first-order phase transition, from the (1 × 1) phase to the (5 × 1) phase. Comparison between experiment and simulation allows us to identify the consequence of the dimerization on the Ir atoms local environment. We report that XPD permits to unveil the break of symmetry of IrTe2 trigonal to a monoclinic unit cell and confirm the occurrence of the (5 × 1) reconstruction within the first few layers below the surface with a staircase-like stacking of dimers.
Roadmap on signal processing for next generation measurement systems
Authors: Iakovidis Dimitris K , Ooi Melanie , Kuang Ye Chow , Demidenko Serge , Shestakov Alexandr , Sinitsin Vladimir , Henry Manus , Sciacchitano Andrea , Discetti Stefano , Donati Silvano , Norgia Michele , Menychtas Andreas , Maglogiannis Ilias , Wriessnegger Selina C , Chacon Luis Alberto Barradas , Dimas George , Filos Dimitris , Aletras Anthony H , Töger Johannes , Dong Feng , Ren Shangjie , Uhl Andreas , Paziewski Jacek , Geng Jianghui , Fioranelli Francesco , Narayanan Ram M , Fernandez Carlos , Stiller Christoph , Malamousi Konstantina , Kamnis Spyros , Delibasis Konstantinos , Wang Dong , Zhang Jianjing , Gao Robert X
Published: November 2021

Signal processing is a fundamental component of almost any sensor-enabled system, with a wide range of applications across different scientific disciplines. Time series data, images, and video sequences comprise representative forms of signals that can be enhanced and analysed for information extraction and quantification. The recent advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning are shifting the research attention towards intelligent, data-driven, signal processing. This roadmap presents a critical overview of the state-of-the-art methods and applications aiming to highlight future challenges and research opportunities towards next generation measurement systems. It covers a broad spectrum of topics ranging from basic to industrial research, organized in concise thematic sections that reflect the trends and the impacts of current and future developments per research field. Furthermore, it offers guidance to researchers and funding agencies in identifying new prospects.
A quick-response and high-precision dynamic measurement method with application on small-angle measurement
Authors: Wang Zichen , Huang Tao , Kang Yueting , Luo Zhihong
Published: November 2021

Small-angle measurement tools with pendulum mechanical structure face two major challenges. One is that it takes a long time to wait for the pendulum structure to completely stop swinging, and the other is that the instrument has poor anti-interference ability. Inspired by the two challenges, in this paper we propose a dynamical measurement method to achieve a fast and accurate measurement synchronously. Specifically, a damped oscillation modeling of the pendulum with nonlinear least-squares fitting is presented to estimate the model parameters, which includes the angle of the oblique plane. In addition, it is proved that the minimum sample size required for data fitting is decided by one oscillation period, which guarantees the shortest measuring time within high precision. Moreover, in this paper we also present the precision criterion of fitting parameters to judge whether the fitting results meet the requirements. This proposed method is applied to a developed small-angle measurement tool. The error of the proposed measurement system is better than

3.25

′
′

and the uncertainty is

4.8

′
′

within a measurement angle of

2000

′
′

, and the settling time is 0.45 s. The experimental results confirm that this method can not only greatly shorten the measuring time, but enhance the anti-interference ability and realize high-precision measurement.
MEAM interatomic potentials of Ni, Re, and Ni–Re alloys for atomistic fracture simulations
Authors: Alam Masud , Lymperakis Liverios , Groh Sébastien , Neugebauer Jörg
Published: November 2021

Second nearest neighbor modified embedded atom method (2NN-MEAM) interatomic potentials are developed for the Ni, Re, and Ni–Re binaries. To construct the potentials, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been employed to calculate fundamental physical properties that play a dominant role in fracture. The potentials are validated to accurately reproduce material properties that correlate with material’s fracture behavior. The thus constructed potentials were applied to perform large scale simulations of mode I fracture in Ni and Ni–Re binaries with low Re content. Substitutional Re did not alter the ductile nature of crack propagation, though it resulted in a monotonous increase of the critical stress intensity factor with Re content.
Silicon nanostructure-doped polymer/nematic liquid crystal composites for low voltage-driven smart windows
Authors: He Zemin , Yu Ping , Zhang Huimin , Zhao Yuzhen , Zhu Yanfang , Guo Zhun , Ma Cheng , Zhang Haiquan , Miao Zongcheng , Shen Wenbo
Published: November 2021

In this work, two silicon nanostructures were doped into polymer/nematic liquid crystal composites to regulate the electric-optical performance. Commercial SiO2 nanoparticles and synthesized thiol polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS-SH) were chosen as the dopants to afford the silicon nanostructures. SiO2 nanoparticles were physically dispersed in the composites and the nanostructure from POSS-SH was implanted into the polymer matrix of the composites via photoinduced thiol-ene crosslinking. Scanning electron microscopy results indicated that the implantation of POSS microstructure into the polymer matrix was conducive to obtaining the uniform porous polymer microstructures in the composites while the introduction of SiO2 nanoparticles led to the loose and heterogeneous polymer morphologies. The electric-optical performance test results also demonstrated that the electric-optical performance regulation effect of POSS microstructure was more obvious than that of SiO2 nanoparticles. The driving voltage was reduced by almost 80% if the concentration of POSS-SH in the composite was nearly 8 wt% and the sample could be completely driven by the electric field whose voltage was lower than the safe voltage for continuous contact (24 V). This work could provide a creative approach for the regulation of electric-optical performance for polymer/nematic liquid crystal composites and the fabrication of low voltage-driven PDLC films for smart windows.
Mixing and observation for Markov operator cocycles*
Authors: Nakamura Fumihiko , Nakano Yushi , Toyokawa Hisayoshi
Published: November 2021

We consider generalized definitions of mixing and exactness for random dynamical systems in terms of Markov operator cocycles. We first give six fundamental definitions of mixing for Markov operator cocycles in view of observations of the randomness in environments, and reduce them into two different groups. Secondly, we give the definition of exactness for Markov operator cocycles and show that Lin’s criterion for exactness can be naturally extended to the case of Markov operator cocycles. Finally, in the class of asymptotically periodic Markov operator cocycles, we show the Lasota–Mackey type equivalence between mixing, exactness and asymptotic stability.
Ultrasonic guided wave-based debond identification in a GFRP plate with L-stiffener
Authors: Balasubramaniam Kaleeswaran , Sikdar Shirsendu , Wandowski Tomasz , Malinowski Pawel H
Published: November 2021

This paper presents a robust assessment of debond in a glass fibre-reinforced polymer composite structure with L-stiffener attachment. Towards this, the ultrasonic guided wave (GW) propagation based laboratory experiments have been carried out on a stiffened composite panel with piezoelectric transducers for the excitation of GWs and a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer for sensing the GW propagation. To study the changes caused by the stiffener and debond a signal processing based multi-point analysis has been carried out. The proposed methodology consists of two steps. Step 1 using the full wavefield root mean square energy map-based approach to check the presence of debond. Step 2 using point-wise measurements to study debond localization and size estimation using a baseline free signal coefficient difference algorithm (SCDA). The proposed processing approaches are applied for an in-depth analysis of the experimental signals that provide information about the interaction of GWs with stiffener and debond. The mentioned approaches take advantage of the asymmetry caused by the damage. For the applied SCDA methodology there is no need for full-wavefield measurements, healthy case measurements, as only a few measurement points can be enough for the assessment of stiffener debond in such structures.
CanariCam Mid-infrared Drift Scanning: Improved Sensitivity and Spatial Resolution
Authors: Torres-Quijano Amílcar R. , Packham Christopher , Fernandez Acosta Sergio
Published: November 2021

Ground-based mid-infrared (MIR) astronomical observations require the removal of the fast time variable components of (a) sky/background variation and (b) array background. Typically, this has been achieved through oscillating the telescope’s secondary mirror a few times a second, a process termed “chopping.” However, chopping reduces on-object photon collection time, imposes stringent demands on the secondary mirror, requires nodding of the telescope to remove the radiative offset imprinted by the chopping, and relies on an often-fixed chop-frequency regardless of the sky conditions in the actual observations. In the 30 m telescope era, secondary mirror chopping is impracticable. However, if the sky and background are sufficiently stable, drift scanning holds the promise to remove the necessity of chopping. In this paper, we report our encouraging drift scanning results using the CanariCam MIR instrument on the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias and the implications to future instruments and experiments.
Design of cylindrical conformal transmitted metasurface for orbital angular momentum vortex wave generation
Authors: Fu Ben , Yu Shi-Xing , Kou Na , Ding Zhao , Zhang Zheng-Ping
Published: November 2021

We propose a cylindrical conformal transmitted metasurface for orbital angular momentum vortex wave generation. Formulas for calculating the phase distributions of cylindrical conformal transmitted metasurface is presented. A prototype of the proposed conformal transmitted metasurface is designed, fabricated and measured. Measured results shows that the proposed conformal transmitted metasurface can effectively generate vortex waves, which verifies the effectiveness of our method. The proposed method may pave the way of vortex wave generation with cylindrical conformal devices.
Plasma beta effects on the edge magnetic field structure and divertor heat loads in Wendelstein 7-X high-performance scenarios
Authors: Knieps A. , Suzuki Y. , Geiger J. , Dinklage A. , Zhou S. , Rahbarnia K. , Schilling J. , Neuner U. , Thomsen H. , Jakubowski M. , Koenig R. , Endler M. , Gao Y. , Sitjes A.Puig , Niemann H. , Beurskens M. , Bozhenkov S. , Liang Y. , W7-X Team the
Published: November 2021

To support the scenario design for the upcoming long-pulse high-performance campaign of Wendelstein 7-X, this work presents a study of high-beta full-field 3D equilibria obtained with the HINT code. For three magnetic configurations of different edge-ι, the effects of both overall pressure and pressure profile changes on the magnetic topology are analyzed. Anisotropic diffusion modeling is used to obtain estimates of the conductive heat load distribution both on the divertor and other plasma-facing components in finite-beta magnetic configurations. For the magnetic standard configuration, limitations of the model are outlined by comparing measured and predicted heatloads by performing a linear regression of the main strike-line position against various plasma parameters in both the experimental and the simulated device.
Post-thermal-quench shattered pellet injection for runaway electron seed depletion in ITER
Authors: Nardon E. , Matsuyama A. , Hu D. , Wieschollek F.
Published: November 2021

The possibility of using shattered pellet injection after the thermal quench of an ITER disruption in order to deplete runaway electron (RE) seeds before they can substantially avalanche is studied. Analytical and numerical estimates of the required injection rate for shards to be able to penetrate into the forming RE beam and stop REs are given. How much material could be assimilated before the current quench (CQ) becomes too short is also estimated. It appears that, if hydrogen pellets were used, the required number of pellets to be injected during the CQ would be prohibitive, at least considering the present design of the ITER disruption mitigation system (DMS). For neon or argon, the required number of pellets, although large, might be within reach of the ITER DMS, but the assimilated fraction would have to be very small in order not to shorten the CQ excessively. This study suggests that other injection schemes, based for example on small tungsten pellets coated with a low Z material, may be worth exploring as an option for an upgrade of the ITER DMS.
The community adaptation strategy in dealing with landslide disaster in Banaran Village Ponorogo Regency
Authors: Setyawan H H , Mukminan
Published: November 2021

A landslide disaster occurred in Tangkil, Banaran Village, Ponorogo Regency on April 1st, 2017 which caused many casualties. The objectives of this research were to determine the factors that caused the landslide and to determine the community adaptation strategy in dealing with landslide. This research applied descriptive qualitative method with its data collection included observation, interview, and documentation. The research results showed, 1) the factors causing landslide were steep slopes, fertile rocks and soils, land conversion, high rainfall, and human activities, 2) the community adaptation strategy involved adaptation and adjustment in dealing with landslide. The impacts of landslide have been felt by the community thus, they could change their behavior towards their environment and make adjustments to the new environment.
The Multi-Risk Analysis of Various Disasters in Karanganyar Regency
Authors: Noviani R , Wijayanti P , Muryani C , Ahmad  , Sarwono  , Sugiyanto  , Prihadi S
Published: November 2021

Karanganyar Regency is one of the districts in Central Java which prone of the natural disasters. Based on data Posdes 2018, it is known that the types of disasters that often occurred in Karanganyar Regency during the last three years, from 2015 to 2017 were landslides, floods, and drought. Therefore, it is important to know the multi-risk level of the three types of disasters. The method used in this research is scoring and weighting, as well as overlay between constituent parameters. Based on the results of research using the VCA matrix multiplication method, it is known that the high risk level covers 3,589.67 Ha or 4.46% areas that spread in 15 districts (except Jatipuro and Jumapolo); moderate risk level covers 34,624.94 Ha or 43.04% areas that spread in 16 districts (except Tasikmadu); The low risk level covers 42,254.98 Ha or 52.53% areas that spread in 7 districts (Colomadu, Gondangrejo, Tasikmadu, Matesih, Tawangmangu, Jumapolo, Jatiyoso).
Constructing Student’s Physical Preparedness through Game-Based Activities in Disaster-Safe School
Authors: Nopembri S , Maryana S T , Saryono  , Purnama D S
Published: November 2021

Indonesia is a country that has great potential for disaster. A major earthquake hit the Special Region of Yogyakarta, especially Bantul Regency, in 2006. This has demanded the establishment of a disaster-safe school that is ready to anticipate disasters. Disaster-safe school students need to be fully prepared in various aspects, including physical aspect. Therefore, this study aims to determine the increase in physical fitness before and after carrying out game-based physical activities for upper grade students in a Disaster-Safe School. This study adopted an experimental method that involved one group pre-test-post-test design. Participants were upper grade students (grade 4 to 5) in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 2 Bantul, totaling 74 people under such criteria as aged 10 to 12 years and following the complete treatment. The instrument used was the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (IPFT) for children aged 10-12 years. Data analysis using paired sample t-test. The results showed that there was an increase in the physical fitness of students after being given treatment in the form of game-based physical activity for 12 meetings. Good physical fitness is a form of physical preparedness in facing various emergencies including disasters. The better physical fitness level of students, the more physically prepared they will be when facing disasters.
Community Preparedness of the Fire Hazard in Jetis District, Yogyakarta City
Authors: Adhandika H A , Hastuti
Published: November 2021

This study aims: (1) to determine the level of community preparedness in facing fire hazards in the Jetis District of Yogyakarta City and (2) to understand the efforts to increase community preparedness to deal with fire hazards in the Jetis District of Yogyakarta City. This research uses descriptive methods with quantitative and qualitative approaches. In this research, we utilize the environmental approach as a tool. The indicator that we use here is based on the 2006 UNESCO / ISDR LIPI to measure the level of community preparedness. This research was conducted at Jetis District of The City of Yogyakarta. The population of this study was all family heads in Jetis Subdistrict, at least we came to 9282 families. The number of samples was determined using the Slovin formula and obtained 99 respondents. We chose the Proportional Random Sampling in three villages in Jetis Subdistrict as the sampling technic. The data was gained from the process of observations, structured interviews with standardized guidelines, in-depth interviews with three main resource persons, and documentation. The analysis technique that we used is the frequency table and descriptive analysis. The results show that: (1) the level of community preparedness in the Jetis Subdistrict in facing the danger of fire was in the "Less Ready" category (55.56%). The level of community preparedness on the knowledge and attitudes of the majority was in the category of “Ready” with 63.63%. The majority of emergency plan variables are in the unprepared category as much as 56.57%. The majority of disaster warning system variables are in the ready category that is 56.57%. Resource mobilization ability is a variable with respondents who are at the lowest level of preparedness, the majority are in the category of not ready as much as 76.77%. (2) the efforts to increase fire hazard preparedness in the community in Jetis District have been carried out, namely: conducting training and simulation of fire prevention, procurement of supporting facilities for fire prevention, making fire engines, and establishing disaster relief posts in Jetis District. Efforts that must be increased are: educating the public about the risks of fire hazards, increasing synergy between community organizations and local governments, and adding firefighting infrastructure.
We are getting stronger as we stay longer: the influence of place attachment to urban community resilience
Authors: Indayani M , Trisutomo S , Ramli M
Published: November 2021

The increasing number of disasters happening in cities has put the sustainability of urban life at stake. One of the measures to strengthen the community's resilience is by understanding how they got attached to the place they live. However, the findings of the previous research regarding the influence of place attachment to community resilience show dissimilarities. This research aims to further reveal the influence of place attachment to communities’ resilience in urban areas with a variety of socio-demographic and social dynamics. The study was conducted to 323 households that have frequently been affected by flood, at an urban-village, Tallo sub district, of Makassar City, Indonesia. With simple linear regression analysis, the aspects of place attachment which are personal, social, physical, and cultural are measured to assess its influence on each of their resilience perceptions. The research revealed that there is a positive influence of place attachment to a communities’ resilience. Based on the communities’ response, it can be seen that resilience is more likely to be formed by social-community aspects.
The Utilization of Sentinel-2A and ASTER Imagery for Monitoring the Changes of Public Green Open Space and Oxygen Needs in Sukoharjo Regency in 2004-2019
Authors: Devinta Agnes Putri , Widayani Prima
Published: November 2021

High land requirements have an impact on land conversion. This study aims to calculate the accuracy of the results of mapping public green open space from ASTER and Sentinel-2A imagery, know the changes in green public space, calculate oxygen demand and the needs of green space in 2004 and 2019. The types of green open spaces that are interpreted visually include urban forests, river borders, cemeteries, fields, and city park. Oxygen demand is calculated by the gerrarkis method including livestock, industry, population, and motor vehicles. The mapping accuracy with the ASTER is 96% while the Sentinel-2A imagery is 90%. The mapping of changes in public green open space show that 17,62 km2 public green open space has not changed, increased 1,15 km2, and decreased 2,61 km2. Oxygen demand in 2004 was 1053531,92 kg/day with green open space needs covering 10,41 km2, while in 2019 it was 1923959,31 kg / day with Green Open Space needs covering 19 km2. The need for green space in 2004 has been fulfilled from public green space of 20,22 km2. In 2019 the area of public open green space is 18,77 km2, so that public open green space has not been able to fulfill the needs of overall green open space.
Physical vulnerability assessment of settlements in lahar hazard prone areas along the river originated from Merapi Volcano
Authors: Syarafina A Z , Sumunar D R S
Published: November 2021

Merapi Vulcano is one of the most active volcanoes in the world. This volcano has a secondary hazard that is lahar flow. This research refers to the 2010 eruption of Merapi Vulcano in Indonesia. Eventhough there was a phreatic eruption in 2018, it did not increase the deposition of lahar material on its slopes. The communities living along the lahar prone rivers have various vulnerabilities including physical, social, economic and environmental vulnerability. This research aims to determine the physical vulnerability distribution of settlement in lahar hazard prone areas alongside Pabelan River. This study is a descriptive quantitative research using secondary data and spatial analysis. The results of this research show that the high vulnerability distribution covers the area of Mungkid Sub-district and Sawangan Sub-district as many as 5 clusters or equal to 7.49% of the research area. The medium level of physical vulnerability is Dukun Sub-district, Mungkid Sub-district and Muntilan Sub-district as many as 26 clusters or equal to 41.27% of the research area. The low physical vulnerability of settlements is scattered in Dukun Sub-district, Mungkid Sub-district, Muntilan Sub-district and Sawangan Sub-district as much as 32 clusters or equal to 50.79% of the research area. It can be concluded that the physical vulnerability of settlements in lahar hazar prone along the Pabelan river after the 2010 eruption of Merapi Vulcano is dominated by low vulnerability.
Spatial modelling of tsunami exposure areas at Ujung Genteng coastal, Sukabumi, West Java
Authors: Arifah Dinda Zannuba , Supriatna S.
Published: November 2021

Indonesia is a country located between three tectonic plates. It is the Eurasian Plate, the Indo-Australian Plate, and the Pacific Plate. The location caused Indonesia to be prone to disasters caused by the movement of plates, one of which was a tsunami. Tsunamis are high waves that hit ports or beaches. Relatively sloping beaches with low beaches can cause larger tsunami waves. This study was carried out on the coastal of Ujung Genteng, Sukabumi. The purpose of this study is to analysis the area of tsunami exposure that occurred on the coast of Ujung Genteng. GIS-based spatial modelling is used to combine different types of data, both spatial and non-spatial data to be processed into tsunami exposure area information. Modelling of the inundation was carried out with mathematical calculations developed by Berryman (2006). By modeling the tsunami with a worst-case scenario of wave height of 20 meters, it was obtained that the tsunami exposed area reached 663.29 Ha. The area belongs to a low hazard class of 2.59 Ha, a medium hazard class of 29.05 Ha, and an area that belongs to a high hazard class of 631.65 Ha. The results of this modeling are expected to be a reference for tsunami disaster mitigation planning in Ujung Genteng.
The Preparedness Level of Housewives in Dealing with the Earthquake Disaster in Tempel, Sidomulyo, Bambanglipuro, Bantul
Authors: Latifah F , Sutrisnowati S A
Published: November 2021

One of geological disasters which cannot be predicted when it will occur is an earthquake. On May 27, 2006, an earthquake struck Bantul which cause many fatalities. The highest fatalities in Tempel were housewives. This study aims to know: (1) the preparedness levels of housewives in dealing with the dangers of earthquakes, and (2) the improvement efforts of housewives in dealing with the dangers of earthquakes in Tempel, Sidomulyo, Bambanglipuro, Bnatul. The method that used in this research is a qualitative method with a quantitative approach. The geographical approach used in this study is the environmental approach. This is a population study. The population of the study is all of the housewives in Tempel as many as 111 housewives. The data were obtained by using observations, interview, and documentations. The data analysis techniques used were a frequency table and descriptive analysis. The result of the study show that : (1) the preparedness levels of the housewives in dealing with earthquake dangers is on category of “full ready” (43,24%). Knowledge and attitude variables the housewives is on category of full ready (34,23%). Emergency plan variables the hosewives is on category ready (45,94%). Early warning system variables the housewives is on category ready (37,82%). Resource mobilization capabilities variables the housewives is on category ready (43,24%). (2) the improvement efforts to dealing with earthquake dangers are by conducting earthquake trainings and simulations as well as evacuation route installations.
Assessing local community resilience to tsunami in a small port (Case Study: Sadeng Port, Indonesia)
Authors: Nucifera F , Putro S T , Setiawan W D
Published: November 2021

Coastal community is vulnerable to hazards including tsunami hazard. Coastal communities suffer the most both physical and psychological impacts. The main purpose of this research to assess local community resilience to tsunami in small port which has a unique characteristic. Main data of this research was collected by field observation and interview. Interview process were addressed to key persons and households. USAID coastal community assessment is used as main method in this research. There are eight elements of resilience for coastal community resilience: governance, society and economy, coastal resource management, land use and structural design, risk knowledge, warning and evacuation, emergency response and disaster recovery. The results show that overall rating for eight elements of community resilience is 2,5 or 50 %. It is only halfway to reach an ideal criterion for community resilience. Strong elements in this community are risk knowledge and warning and evacuation, while weak elements are society and economy, coastal resource management, and disaster recovery. The community should gain more effort especially in developing a sustainable economy and strengthening integration among stakeholders for disaster recovery.
Image Pattern Recognition in Spatial Data using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Arif Nursida , Nursantosa Edi
Published: November 2021

This study predicts erosion based on the image patterns as the input data by using an ANN approach. Several simulations had been carried out to get the ANN parameter combination in producing the best accuracy through trials and errors. The results show that the accuracy of artificial neural network training is not influenced by the number of channels, namely the input dataset (erosion factors) and the dimensions of the data, but it is determined by changes in the network parameters. The best combination of parameters is 2 hidden layers, learning rate 0.001, Momentum 0.9, and RMS 0.0001 with an accuracy of 98.55%
Characteristics of Landslide and Rainfall Areas in Majalengka Regency, West Java Province
Authors: Fathaya S , Kusratmoko E , Saraswati R
Published: November 2021

Majalengka Regency is one of the districts with a high landslide hazard in West Java Province. They are mostly affected by heavy rainfall or prolonged rain. This study aims to classify landslide events in 2018-2019 based on physical factors consisting of slopes, soil types, lithology, land use, and vegetation density using the K-Means Clustering analysis method. To analyze the characteristics of rainfall that triggered landslides in 2018-2019 using the Thiessen polygon method. The results showed that the clustering of landslide events in 2018-2019 in Majalengka Regency was formed five clusters with the highest rainfall on the D-Day average in cluster 5, which is 49 mm/day. The highest average cumulative rainfall 3 days before the landslide events was in cluster 4, which is 80 mm/day. The highest average cumulative rainfall 5 days before the landslide events was in cluster 3 is 112 mm/day. The highest average cumulative rainfall 10 days before the landslide events was in cluster 1, which is 174 mm/day.
Hazard Level of Slum Areas in Palembang City
Authors: Sukmaniar  , Kurniawan Andri , Pitoyo Agus Joko
Published: November 2021

The study aimed to identify the hazard level distribution in the slum areas in Palembang City. The research was a quantitative type with 382 families that live in the slums as the samples. The data were collected using proportional area random sampling and analyzed using the K-means Cluster test through SPSS 23. Spatial analysis through Arcgis was conducted to complete the understanding of the hazard distribution in the slum areas. The results showed that the hazard clusters formed by 64 areas could be categorized into three: low, medium, high. High level of hazards, reaching the one-third portion of the areas, dominated the slums in Palembang City. The cluster with a high hazard level was mostly in the city center, which was geographically located on the riverbanks, causing the areas to be vulnerable to flood, diseases, and crimes. The city center was known to offer high numbers of the job vacancy. People in the slums working in the city center were day laborers.
Disaster mitigation and resiliency learning strategies of teachers during Covid-19 pandemic from several provinces in Indonesia
Authors: Rini Riris S , Alifi Nur P N , Satrio S P
Published: November 2021

The Covid-19 disaster changed as well as limited students’ learning space in carrying out learning activities at school. The face-to-face learning process was suspended and transformed into an online system. This education emergency demands rapid changes that must be made by all components of education, especially teachers. The enactment of the regulation on limiting the students’ learning activities required teachers as educational facilitators to be ready and alert in changing the educational pattern. This study described the readiness of teachers and the resilience of teacher strategies in carrying out learning during the pandemic in accordance with teacher competency standards in Law Number 14 of 2005. The research data was collected through observation, questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis was performed using descriptive analysis and questionnaire data scoring. The results showed that according to the four teacher competencies, i.e. pedagogic, personality, social, and professional competences, only personality competency was in the good category range, while the other three components according to the average score are in the moderate category range. Therefore, some improvements on the the mitigation and resilience of teachers' strategies when facing emergency disaster are needed.
Identification of Spatial Clusters of COVID-19 in Yogyakarta using Moran’s Index
Authors: Sumunar Dyah Respati Suryo , Arif Nursida , Khotimah Nurul
Published: November 2021

Various studies on the spreading pattern of COVID-19 were carried out because, every day, there are always new progresses from scientists about this virus, including its unique characteristics in each region with different geographical conditions. The objective of this research is to find the spatial distribution pattern of COVID-19 and to identify the climate parameters influencing it in the Yogyakarta. This study used Moran's Index in analyzing COVID-19 distribution pattern. The results of the analysis show that out of 5 regencies/cities in Yogyakarta, Sleman Regency has the highest average spread of COVID-19 or an average infection rate of 1.09, followed by Bantul with 0.75. Kulonprogo is the regency with the lowest number of cases. The result of Moran's index of 0.32 means that there are correlation between cases.The correlation between temperature and infection rate is R2 = 0.05, while the correlation between humidity and infection rate is R2 = 0.003. The spread of COVID-19 in Yogyakarta is more influenced by mobility or interactions between infected and uninfected individuals.
Amplification of 16S rRNA primer on rhizosphere bacteria from reclamation area and natural forest of PT. Vale
Authors: Iswanto  , Larekeng Siti Halimah , Gusmiaty  , Jufri Sri Wahyuni , Muslimin Atisa , Purwanti Iser
Published: November 2021

Open-pit mining activities cause land degradation; therefore, post-mining land recovery or reclamation is essential. An indicator to rate the success of mine reclamation activities is the diversity of soil microbial populations. Molecular bacteria identification requires prior information about the amplification of universal primers for molecular analysis. This study analyzes the amplification of 16S rRNA primers on rhizosphere bacteria isolates from reclamation and forest areas. The research activities encompassed sample preparation, isolation of bacteria isolates, isolation of DNA isolate, quantitative test, qualitative test, and amplification. The findings showed that pure isolates of rhizosphere bacteria from reclamation and natural forest areas that could be used were five and ten isolates, respectively. One isolate (20%) from the reclamation area and four isolates (40%) from natural forest generated DNA band, which were amplified using 16S rRNA.