bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental disorder in people convicted of homicide: long-term national trends in rates and court outcome
Authors: Flynn Sandra , Ibrahim Saied , Kapur Nav , Appleby Louis , Shaw Jenny
Published: July 2020

Background

Homicide rates have fallen markedly in the UK over the past decade. There has been little research on whether homicides by people with mental disorder have contributed to this downward trend. Furthermore, there is limited information on trends in court outcomes for people with mental disorder who commit homicide.

Aims

To examine trends in general population homicide and homicide by people with mental disorder, and to explore court outcome.

Method

We conducted a national, consecutive case series of homicide in England and Wales (1997–2015). Data were received from the Home Office Statistics Unit of Home Office Science. Clinical information was obtained from psychiatric reports and mental health services.

Results

There has been a fall in the homicide rate in England and Wales since 2008. Despite this, the relative contribution of mental disorder as a proportion of all homicide has increased. Our findings also showed the inappropriate management of people with serious mental illness convicted of homicide. Of those who committed homicide and were diagnosed with schizophrenia, a third were imprisoned, and there was a marked fall in hospital order referrals. We found this to be linked to substance misuse comorbidity.

Conclusions

The proportional increase in homicide by people with schizophrenia suggests more complex factors may be driving rates, such as substance misuse. Addressing substance misuse comorbidity and maintaining engagement with services may help prevent patient homicide. Despite their complex needs, people with serious mental illness continue to be imprisoned. Improvements in assessment and the timely transfer of prisoners to health services are required.
Genetic Counseling, Testing, and Management of HBOC in India: An Expert Consensus Document from Indian Society of Medical and Pediatric Oncology
Authors: Malhotra Hemant , Kowtal Pradnya , Mehra Nikita , Pramank Raja , Sarin Rajiv , Rajkumar Thangarajan , Gupta Sudeep , Bapna Ajay , Bhattacharyya Gouri Shankar , Gupta Sabhyata , Maheshwari Amita , Mannan Ashraf U. , Reddy Kundur Ravindra , Sekhon Rupinder , Singhal Manish , Smruti B.K. , SP Somashekhar , Suryavanshi Moushumi , Verma Amit
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE

Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome is primarily characterized by mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes. There are several barriers to the implementation of genetic testing and counseling in India that may affect clinical decisions. These consensus recommendations were therefore convened as a collaborative effort to improve testing and management of HBOC in India.

DESIGN

Recommendations were developed by a multidisciplinary group of experts from the Indian Society of Medical and Pediatric Oncology and some invited experts on the basis of graded evidence from the literature and using a formal Delphi process to help reach consensus. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched to source relevant articles.

RESULTS

This consensus statement provides practical insight into identifying patients who should undergo genetic counseling and testing on the basis of assessments of family and ancestry and personal history of HBOC. It discusses the need and significance of genetic counselors and medical professionals who have the necessary expertise in genetic counseling and testing. Recommendations elucidate requirements of pretest counseling, including discussions on genetic variants of uncertain significance and risk reduction options. The group of experts recommended single-site mutation testing in families with a known mutation and next-generation sequencing coupled with multiplex ligation probe amplification for the detection of large genomic rearrangements for unknown mutations. Recommendations for surgical and lifestyle-related risk reduction approaches and management using poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors are also detailed.

CONCLUSION

With rapid strides being made in the field of genetic testing/counseling in India, more oncologists are expected to include genetic testing/counseling as part of their clinical practice. These consensus recommendations are anticipated to help homogenize genetic testing and management of HBOC in India for improved patient care.
Development of Best Practices of Peer Review for Lung Radiation Therapy
Authors: Swaminath Anand , Yaremko Brian , Khan Luluel , Simniceanu Carina , Hart Margaret , O’Donnell Jennifer , Brundage Michael
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE:

Peer review (PR) is an important component in ensuring high-quality lung radiotherapy (RT) plans. However, there are inconsistencies in the extent, timing, and minimum requirements for PR. We sought to develop guidelines of best practices for PR in curative lung RT through an expert consensus process.

METHODS:

A modified Delphi process was conducted that consisted of an initial review by a dedicated steering committee followed by a pan-Canadian, multidisciplinary Delphi panel with 3 rounds (premeeting survey, face-to-face meeting, and postmeeting ratification survey). Candidate PR elements were ranked by importance and stratified by treatment of locally advanced (LA) disease with conventional RT or stereotactic ablative body RT (SABR) for early-stage disease.

RESULTS:

For the LA case, 6 elements (indications for RT, gross tumor volume [GTV], clinical target volume [CTV], internal target volume [ITV], dose/fractionation, and normal lung dosimetry) were considered as essential PR elements. Of these, 90%-100% of the panel endorsed them to be important to PR, and 80% believed that the PR should be done by a second radiation oncologist (RO). In the SABR case, 6 PR elements (indications for RT, GTV, CTV/ITV, organs at risk contours, dose/fractionation, and composite plan review) were deemed essential. Of these, 90%-100% of panel members believed these elements to be important to PR and unanimously agreed that PR should be done by a second RO.

CONCLUSION:

A suite of PR elements for lung RT has been developed and endorsed with high consensus. This suite should serve as a basis to help to harmonize PR practices across centers and to help to develop novel PR approaches going forward.
Massive Engorgement of a Hemangioma of the Tongue After General Anesthesia Using a Supraglottic Airway Device: A Case Report
Authors: Gupta Sushan , Majety Saratchandra , Doctor Jeson R. , Divatia Jigeeshu V.
Published: July 2020

We report a case of massive engorgement of an asymptomatic tongue hemangioma with the use of a supraglottic airway device (SGA) during general anesthesia for transurethral resection of a tumor on the lateral wall of the urinary bladder. This was probably a result of obstruction of the venous drainage of the hemangioma due to the pressure exerted by the inflated cuff of the SGA. The SGA was removed and the trachea was intubated and the engorgement resolved completely in a few hours.
Entrevista de Gustavo Taretto: Cinema, Cidade e Sensações
Authors: Da Cunha Bárbara Pereira
Published: July 2020

Gustavo Taretto é um cineasta e publicitário argentino. A entrevista a seguir foi realizada presencialmente em ocasião na qual estive em Buenos Aires. Nos reunimos em um café no bairro de Palermo, na data de 06 de Abril de 2018. A ocasião me proporcionou a oportunidade de compreender minimamente o universo de sua estrutura cinematográfica, bem como as possibilidades presentes em suas obras de se entender a cidade de Buenos Aires. Indo mais além, buscava absorver a relação entre os sujeitos em uma metrópole e destes com o próprio espaço a partir de questões elaboradas que pensariam o Cinema Argentino Contemporâneo e a particular cinematografia de Taretto.
Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e terapêuticos da COVID-19
Authors: Pereira Míria Dantas , Pereira Mara Dantas , Costa Cleberson Franclin Tavares , Santos Cristiane Kelly Aquino dos , Dantas Estélio Henrique Martin
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: apresentar os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e terapêuticos da COVID-19. Método: trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, realizada por meio da busca por publicações científicas indexadas nas bases de dados: PubMed, Europe PMC, ScienceDirect e SciELO. Os seguintes descritores foram utilizados: “COVID-19”, “diagnosis”, “drug therapy”, “pandemics” e “SARS-CoV-2”. Ao final, foram selecionadas 32 publicações. Resultados: a análise dos estudos evidenciou que a rápida disseminação da COVID-19 pode estar relacionada à forma de transmissão, bem como à capacidade de o vírus permanecer estável em aerossóis e superfícies contaminadas. O diagnóstico de COVID-19 tem sido realizado mediante observação dos sintomas, e por um método de biologia molecular. Ainda não há medicamentos específicos e uma vacina contra a doença. No entanto, alguns medicamentos existentes no mercado, indicados para tratar outras patologias, estão sendo considerados como promissoras terapêuticas para a doença. Conclusão: a pandemia de COVID-19 já se configura como o maior desafio para saúde pública do século XXI, com elevadas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo, principalmente devido à alta infectividade, e à severidade das manifestações clínicas em populações de risco, sendo mais letal. A falta de evidências científicas conclusivas quanto à eficácia e à segurança dos medicamentos off label no tratamento da doença tem gerado incertezas nos procedimentos de decisão clínica, sendo primordial a realização de ensaios clínicos randomizados, envolvendo um maior número de pacientes.
Toward a paradigm shift from deficit-based to proactive speech and language treatment: Randomized pilot trial of the Babble Boot Camp in infants with classic galactosemia
Authors: Peter Beate , Potter Nancy , Davis Jennifer , Donenfeld-Peled Inbal , Finestack Lizbeth , Stoel-Gammon Carol , Lien Kari , Bruce Laurel , Vose Caitlin , Eng Linda , Yokoyama Hanako , Olds Daniel , VanDam Mark
Published: July 2020

Background: Speech and language therapy is typically initiated reactively after a child shows delays. Infants with classic galactosemia (CG), a metabolic disease with a known high risk for both speech and language disorders, hold the keys towards evaluating whether preventive treatment is effective when the risks are known at birth. We present pilot data from a randomized parallel trial of an innovative proactive speech and language intervention program, the Babble Boot Camp (BBC). 

Method: Five children with CG, otherwise healthy, participated in the study from approximately 2 to 24 months of age. One of these was randomly selected as control receiving conventional management, which typically starts at age 2-3 years. A pediatric speech-language pathologist met weekly via telepractice with the parents in the treatment cohort. Parents implemented the prespeech, speech, and language stimulation and expansion activities according to the intervention protocol. The control child was still too young for conventional treatment. Primary outcome measures were speech sound production complexity in babble and speech and expressive vocabulary size. Secondary outcome measures were vocalization rates and developmental milestones in communication, motor, and cognition. The trial is ongoing.

Results:  All four treated children had higher speech sound skills in babble, three had higher speech sound skills in meaningful speech, two had higher expressive vocabularies, three had higher global developmental scores, and two had higher vocalization rates, compared to the control child with CG.

Discussion: Given the high risk for speech and language delays in children with CG, finding on-schedule abilities in two or more of the treated children but not the untreated child is unexpected under random conditions. The trends toward beneficial effects of the BBC on speech sound production, expressive language, and communication milestones warrant appropriately powered larger clinical trials with full randomization.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03838016 (12 th February 2019).
The effects of a temporal processing-based auditory training program on the auditory skills of elderly users of hearing aids: a study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sattari Karim , Rahbar Nariman , Ahadi Mohsen , Haghani Hamid
Published: July 2020

Background: One of the most important effects of age-related declines in neural processing speed is the impairment of temporal resolution, which leads to difficulty hearing in noisy environments. Since the central auditory system is highly plastic, by designing and implementing a temporal processing-based auditory training program, we can help the elderly improve their listening skills and speech understanding in noisy environments.

Methods:In the first phase of this research, based on the theoretical framework of temporal processing, an auditory training solution was developed as a software program. In the second phase, which will be described in the present study, the effects of the designed program on the listening skills of the elderly users of hearing aids (age: 60-75 years) will be studied in the control and intervention groups. In the intervention group, the auditory training program will be implemented for three months (36 sessions), and the results of central tests (GIN, DPT, QuickSIN) and the electrophysiological speech-ABR test will be compared in both groups before, immediately and one month after the intervention.

Discussion: Since temporal processing is not sufficient in auditory training programs for the elderly with hearing impairments, implementation of a temporal processing-based auditory training program can reduce hearing problems in noisy environments among elderly users of hearing aids.

Trial registration:This study was registered as a clinical trial in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20190921044838N1) on December 25, 2019.
A Discrete-Choice Experiment to capture public preferences on the benefits of home-visiting programme for teenage mothers
Authors: Stamuli Eugena , Richardson Gerry , Robling Michael , Edwards Michelle , Torgerson David J. , Hood Kerry , Sanders Julia , Ronaldson Sarah
Published: July 2020

Background:Complex health and social care interventions impact on a multitude of outcomes. One such intervention is the Family Nurse Partnership (FNP) programme, which was introduced to support young, first-time mothers. Our study quantified the relative values that the general public place on the outcomes of FNP, as they were identified and measured in the relevant randomized trial, Building Blocks trial (BBs).

Methods:A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was employed. Respondents chose between two scenarios describing hypothetical sets of trial outcomes. BBs compared FNP care for teenagers expecting their first child with standard NHS care. 14 attributes covered three areas: pregnancy and birth, child development and maternal life course. Due to large number of attributes, a “blocked attributes” approach was adopted: the attributes were split across four designs which contained two common attributes. Data were analysed separately for each design as well as pooled across four designs. Random effects probit model was employed for the analysis.

Results:Over 1000 participants completed four designs. The analyses on the separate designs and those on pooled data yielded broadly similar results. Respondents valued higher the outcomes related to child development and their needs, followed by the outcomes related to maternal life course. Preferences varied by the age of the respondents but not by their guardianship/parentship status. 

Conclusions:Individual preferences were consistent witha prioriexpectations and were intuitive.  The DCE results can be used to incorporate the general public preferences into the decision making process for which public health and social care policies should be adopted.
Concurrent adult pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence survey using digital radiography and Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and child interferon-gamma release assay Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection survey in Karachi, Pakistan: a study protocol
Authors: Khan Palwasha Y. , Paracha M. Shariq , Grundy Chris , Saeed Saadia , Dojki Maqboola , Madhani Falak , Page-Shipp Liesl , Khursheed Nazia , Rabbani Waleed , Riaz Najam , Khowaja Saira , Hussain Owais , Habib Ali , Khan Uzma , Kranzer Katharina , Ferrand Rashida A. , Lewis James J. , Khan Aamir J. , Fielding Katherine L.
Published: July 2020

Background: Assessment of the effectiveness of tuberculosis control strategies requires the periodic measurement of M. tuberculosis transmission in populations, which is notoriously difficult. One well-established method is to measure the prevalence of infectious pulmonary tuberculosis in the population which is then repeated at a second time point after a period of ‘intervention’, such as scale up of the Search-Treat-Prevent strategy of the Zero TB Cities initiative, allowing for a ‘before and after’ comparison. 

Protocol: The concurrent adult pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence survey (using digital radiography and Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra) and child M. tuberculosis infection survey (using QuantiFERON-TB® Gold Plus) will primarily provide a baseline measure of the burden of adult infectious tuberculosis in Karachi and assess whether a large-scale interferon gamma release assay survey in children aged 2 to 4 years is feasible. The target population for the prevalence survey is comprised of a stratified random sample of all adults aged 15 years and above and all children aged 2 to 4 years resident in four districts in Karachi. The survey procedures and analyses to estimate pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence are based on the World Health Organization methodology for tuberculosis prevalence surveys.

Ethics and dissemination: The study protocol has been approved by the Interactive Research Development / The Indus Hospital Research Centre Research Ethics Committee in Karachi, Pakistan and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Research Ethics Committee. Due to non-representative sampling in this setting, where a large proportion of the population are illiterate and are reluctant to provide fingerprints due to concerns about personal security, verbal informed consent will be obtained from each eligible participant or guardian. Results will be submitted to international peer-reviewed journals, presented at international conferences and shared with participating communities and with the Provincial and National TB programme.
Half a Century of Wilson & Jungner: Reflections on the Governance of Population Screening
Authors: Sturdy Steve , Miller Fiona , Hogarth Stuart , Armstrong Natalie , Chakraborty Pranesh , Cressman Celine , Dobrow Mark , Flitcroft Kathy , Grossman David , Harris Russell , Hoebee Barbara , Holloway Kelly , Kinsinger Linda , Krag Marlene , Löblová Olga , Löwy Ilana , Mackie Anne , Marshall John , O'Hallahan Jane , Rabeneck Linda , Raffle Angela , Reid Lynette , Shortland Graham , Steele Robert , Tarini Beth , Taylor-Phillips Sian , Towler Bernie , van der Veen Nynke , Zappa Marco
Published: July 2020

Background: In their landmark report on the “Principles and Practice of Screening for Disease” (1968), Wilson and Jungner noted that the practice of screening is just as important for securing beneficial outcomes and avoiding harms as the formulation of principles. Many jurisdictions have since established various kinds of “screening governance organizations” to provide oversight of screening practice. Yet to date there has been relatively little reflection on the nature and organization of screening governance itself, or on how different governance arrangements affect the way screening is implemented and perceived and the balance of benefits and harms it delivers.

Methods: An international expert policy workshop convened by the three lead authors.

Results: While effective governance is essential to promote beneficial screening practices and avoid attendant harms, screening governance organizations face enduring challenges. These challenges are social and ethical as much as technical. Evidence-based adjudication of the benefits and harms of population screening must take account of factors that inform the production and interpretation of evidence, including the divergent professional, financial and personal commitments of stakeholders. Similarly, when planning and overseeing organized screening programs, screening governance organizations must persuade or compel multiple stakeholders to work together to a common end. Screening governance organizations in different jurisdictions vary widely in how they are constituted, how they relate to other interested organizations and actors, and what powers and authority they wield. Yet we know little about how these differences affect the way screening is implemented, and with what consequences.

Conclusions: Systematic research into how screening governance is organized in different jurisdictions would facilitate policy learning to address enduring challenges. Even without such research, informal exchange and sharing of experiences between screening governance organizations can deliver invaluable insights into the social as well as the technical aspects of governance.
A rapid and reproducible picture of open access health facility data in Africa to support the COVID-19 response
Authors: South Andy , Dicko Ahmadou , Herringer Mark , Macharia Peter M. , Maina Joseph , Okiro Emelda A. , Snow Robert W. , van der Walt Anelda
Published: July 2020

Background:Open data on the locations and services provided by health facilities in some countries have allowed the development of software tools contributing to COVID-19 response. The UN and WHO encourage countries to make health facility location data open, to encourage use and improvement. We provide a summary of open access health facility location data in Africa using re-useable code. We aim to support data analysts developing software tools to address COVID-19 response in individual countries. In Africa there are currently three main sources of such data; 1) direct from national ministries of health, 2) a database for sub-Saharan Africa collated and published by a team from KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme and now hosted by WHO, and 3) The Global Healthsites Mapping Project in collaboration with OpenStreetMap.     

Methods:We searched for and documented official national facility location data that were openly available. We developed re-useable open-source R code to summarise and visualise facility location data by country from the three sources. This re-useable code is used to provide a web user interface allowing data exploration through maps and plots of facility type.

Results: Out of 53 African countries, seven provide an official open facility list that can be downloaded and analysed reproducibly. Considering all three sources, there are over 185,000 health facility locations available for Africa. However, there are differences and overlaps between sources and a lack of data on capacities and service provision.

Conclusions:We suggest that these summaries and tools will encourage greater use of existing health facility location data, incentivise further improvements in the provision of those data by national suppliers, and encourage collaboration within wider data communities. The tools are a part of the afrimapr project, actively developing R building blocks to facilitate the use of health data in Africa.
Tolerance education in Junior schoolchildren
Authors: Gerasimov Sergey , Skovorodkina Irina
Published: July 2020

The textbook presents the methodology of solving the problem of formation of tolerance in children of primary school age, the analysis of the legal framework of education for peace, non-violence, human rights and tolerance. Special attention is paid to the theoretical and practical aspects of tolerance in primary school children, didactic tools, the characteristics of the system of pedagogical means of education of tolerance at pupils of elementary school.
Consists of a Preface, three chapters, conclusion, Glossary, bibliography and applications. Includes tables and diagrams that can be used in practical lessons with students of pedagogical colleges and universities. Each paragraph has a list of questions for self-examination and in-depth study delineated in this range of problems, exercises, assignments, a list of recommended literature.
Intended for students of pedagogical colleges and educational institutions of higher education, and also for listeners of system of improvement of qualification and retraining of teachers.
Information and communication technologies in special education
Authors: Nikol'skaya Irina
Published: July 2020

In the textbook examines the complex objective conditions of the process of Informatization of education, in particular the computerization special schools; highlights the positive and negative aspects of using it in education; explain the methodological basis for studying computer science in the special school. Provides an overview of the specialized and non-specialized software, has received the greatest popularity among teachers-practitioners. Special attention is paid to modern technology special training: are explicated possibilities of application of multimedia technologies in educational and correctional purposes, requirements and recommendations for e-textbooks for persons with impaired mental and physical development deals with a set of topical problems associated with distance learning. For extra review provides information on the history and development of information technology, necessary for the modern user of it.
Includes checklists, themes, term papers and dissertations, tests for classification and the answers to the tests, a bibliography, and a workshop consisting of 36 practical operations.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
For students of higher educational institutions enrolled in the faculties of defectology.
Competitive Imperfect Price Discrimination and Market Power
Authors: Belleflamme Paul , Lam Wing Man Wynne , Vergote Wouter
Published: July 2020

This article investigates how firms compete when they have the ability to set a personalized price to those consumers they can profile and a uniform price to those consumers they cannot profile; how this affects the incentives to supply data analytics to firms; and what, if any, policy recommendations can be provided.
The Trouble with Instruments: The Need for Pretreatment Balance in Shock-Based Instrumental Variable Designs
Authors: Atanasov Vladimir , Black Bernard
Published: July 2020

Credible causal inference in accounting and finance research often comes from natural experiments. These experiments can be exploited using several shock-based research designs, including difference in differences (DID), shock-based instrumental variable (shock-IV), and regression discontinuity. We study here shock-IV designs using panel data. We identify all shock-IV papers in two broad data sets and reexamine three of the apparently strongest papers—Desai and Dharmapala [Desai M, Dharmapala D (2009) Corporate tax avoidance and firm value. Rev. Econom. Statist. 91:537–546.], Duchin et al. [Duchin R, Matsusaka J, Ozbas O (2010) When are outside directors effective? J. Financial Econom. 95:195–214.], and Iliev [Iliev P (2010) The effect of SOX Section 404: Costs, earnings quality, and stock prices. J. Finance 65:1163–1196.]. After we enforce covariate balance and common support for treated and control firms, the instruments in all three papers are unusable—they are no longer significant in the first stage. All three papers also show nonparallel pretreatment trends on outcomes or core covariates. The problems with these papers generalize to our full sample and to other papers exploiting the same shocks as Duchin et al. A core conclusion of our reexamination is that pretreatment balance (common support, covariate balance, and parallel pretreatment trends) is necessary for credible shock-IV designs. We provide a good-practice checklist for shock-IV design with panel data, much of which also applies to DID designs.

This paper was accepted by Shiva Rajgopal, accounting.
‘I want to be a dental therapist’
Authors: Bowker Scarlett
Published: July 2020

Scarlett Bowker on how dental nursing has opened the door to a new career
Chasing those dreams
Authors: Maddison Laura
Published: July 2020

Laura Maddison became a dental nurse at 16 and has just graduated as a dentist. Here, she shares her amazing and inspiring career journey
Embracing change
Authors: Frisby Claire
Published: July 2020

Claire Frisby suggests this ‘new normal’ is something to which we will all need to adapt
Robust infection prevention
Authors: Sandle Tim
Published: July 2020

Selecting the best surface disinfectants against COVID-19
Perbedaan Kecerdasan Spiritual pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Berdasarkan Waktu Pelatihan Emotional Spiritual Quotient
Authors: Dewi Herlina Kusuma , Setyaningrum Rohmaningtyas Hidayah , Putranto Prihandjojo Andri
Published: July 2020

Pendahuluan: Seseorang yang memiliki kecerdasan spiritual yang lebih tinggi memiliki toleransi yang lebih tinggi dalam menghadapi tekanan kehidupan. Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) mengadakan pelatihan Emotional Spiritual Quotient (ESQ) bagi mahasiswa baru setiap tahun sebagai upaya mengembangkan kecerdasan spiritual mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kecerdasan spiritual pada mahasiswa Kedokteran UNS berdasarkan waktu pelatihan ESQ.

Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel ditentukan melalui total sampling terhadap mahasiswa Kedokteran UNS. Sebanyak 159 mahasiswa memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner data diri dan Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI-24). Analisis data menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis yang dilanjutkan dengan post-hoc Mann-Whitney.

Hasil: Uji analisis Kruskal-Wallis menunjukkan nilai p = 0,996 artinya tidak ada perbedaan kecerdasan spiritual yang signifikan berdasarkan waktu pelatihan ESQ pada mahasiswa Kedokteran UNS. Meskipun tidak signifikan secara statistik, diketahui rerata kecerdasan spiritual peserta yang waktu pelaksanaan pelatihan ESQ-nya paling dekat dengan waktu penelitian, yaitu mahasiswa yang mengikuti pelatihan ESQ 1 tahun lalu memiliki rerata tertinggi daripada subjek yang lain (rerata ± s.b. = 65,96±13,630).

Kesimpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan kecerdasan spiritual yang signifikan pada mahasiswa Kedokteran UNS berdasarkan waktu pelatihan ESQ.
Effectiveness of Laser Acupuncture and Battlefield Acupuncture Therapy for Pain Management in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis : A Case Report
Authors: Supriyana Dwi Surya , Prasetyawati Arsita Eka , Sebayang Robby G , Abdurrohim Kemas
Published: July 2020

Introduction : Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a comprehensive chronic condition of a joint inflammatory autoimmune process, resulting a decrease of function in a long period characterized by fever and pain, which is include all form of unknown etiology that begin before 16 years old. Here we reported effectiveness of Laser Acupuncture and Battlefield Acupuncture Therapy for pain management in JIA case.

Case report : A 10-year-old girl diagnosed with JIA was admitted to the pediatric department in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, and treated by clinical multidisiplinary team from pediatrict, orthopedist, nutritionist, physiotherapist, and medical acupuncture doctor. She was referred to the Medical Acupuncture Department due to complaining of prolonged continous pain throughout her joints, and swelling in her right knee joint. The patient received laser acupuncture therapy in acupoints LI4 Hegu, LI11 Quchi, ST36 Zusanli, SP9 Yinliquan, and EX-LE5 Xiyan. Battlefield Acupuncture Points method (ears) of Omega2, Shenmen, Gyrus Cingulate, Thalamus, and Point Zero. The Therapy was given every day for two weeks and showed a significant improvement on patient’s Visual Analog Score.

Conclusion : The combination regimen was effective in relieving pain and swelling, and caused a significant Visual Analog Score and Range of Motion improvement in our case.

 
Industrial business groups in a context of deindustrialization. The Uruguayan Case, 1980-2015
Authors: Geymonat Juan Ignacio
Published: July 2020

During the 1990s, a series of institutional transformations took place that strongly affected the national productive structure, as well as its agents. Among the main effects of the new openness and liberalization policies are: the loss of relevance of the manufacturing sector in the economy, the abandonment of the complex system of tariffs and subsidies and the accelerated growth of foreign direct investment. How have these transformations impacted the structure of national industrial business groups? This is the central question that guides the article.The paper takes two samples from large industrial business groups in the late 1980s and in 2015, comparing their evolution in both benchmark years. In the construction of both samples, information was taken from the Central Bank of Uruguay, the Montevideo Stock Exchange, Official Newspaper and press sources, in addition to previous work. The evidence presented shows that aspects such as size, level of diversification and the form of family control have not varied much in each period. In this sense, the groups have remained stable around certain attributes. On the other hand, there are notable variations in the formation of alliances, the sector distribution of the business portfolio and the links with the government in different modalities.These variations and permanence can be explained by the impact of the new institutional context in the framework of a small economy like Uruguay. Although similar reforms in other countries in the region have strengthened national business groups (promoting their internationalization and their internal expansion into new business areas), the Uruguayan case seems to represent the opposite. In this way, the paper contributes to the discussion about family groups and their adaptation to the context of the second globalization in peripheral economies.
Mini-Scheimpflug lidar system for all-day atmospheric remote sensing in the boundary layer
Authors: Mei Liang , Li Yichen , Kong Zheng , Ma Teng , Zhang Zhen , Fei Ruonan , Cheng Yuan , Gong Zhenfeng , Liu Kun
Published: July 2020

Development of a lightweight, low-cost, easy-to-use and low-maintenance lidar technique has been of great interest for atmospheric aerosol remote sensing in recent years and remains a great challenge. In this work, an 808 nm mini-Scheimpflug lidar (SLidar) system with about 450 mm separation between the transmitter and the receiver has been developed by employing a 114 mm aperture Newtonian telescope (F4). System performances, such as the beam characteristic, the range resolution, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the lidar signal, have been carefully investigated. Despite employing a small receiving aperture, all-day measurements were still feasible with about a one-minute signal averaging for both the horizontal urban area monitoring and the slant atmospheric sounding in the boundary layer. The lidar signal in the region of 29–50 m with a scattering angle less than 179.5° could be slightly underestimated due to the variation of the phase function. The extinction coefficient evaluated in the region between 29 and 2000 m according to the Klett method agreed well with the concentrations of particulate matters for both horizontal and slant measurements. The promising result demonstrated in this work has shown great potential to employ the robust mini-SLidar system for atmospheric monitoring in the boundary layer.
Compact low-voltage electro-optic Q-switch made of LiNbO3
Authors: Shang Jifang , Yang Jinfeng , Hao Haoshan , Li Qinglian , Zhang Ling , Sun Jun
Published: July 2020

This work presents a compact LiNbO3 (lithium niobate, LN) electro-optic (EO) Q-switch with a lower driving voltage than the conventional LN Q-switches. By using non-direct cuts of a certain crystallographic orientation, a LN crystal is used both as a quarter-wave plate (QWP) and a pockels cell in a laser cavity. Through theoretical calculations and experiments, we have determined the optimized crystal orientations with low quarter-wave voltages (QWV). A set of compact LN EO Q-switches were prepared and used successfully in the pulse-on mode in a Nd:YAG laser. The Q-switched laser outputs are comparable to those obtained by using a conventional Z-cut LN Q-switch with a QWP. The QWV of the Q-switch with the optimized crystal orientation is 600V lower than that of the Z-cut LN Q-switch.
Wide-range strain sensor based on Brillouin frequency and linewidth in an As2Se3-PMMA hybrid microfiber
Authors: Wang Haiyang , Gao Song , Baker Chams , Wang Yuan , Chen Liang , Bao Xiaoyi
Published: July 2020

We propose a wide-range strain sensor based on Brillouin frequency and linewidth in a 50 cm-long As2Se3-polymethyl methacrylate (As2Se3-PMMA) hybrid microfiber with a core diameter of 2.5 µm. The distributed information over the hybrid microfiber is measured by a Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) system. The wide dynamic range strain from 0 to 15000 µɛ is enabled by measuring the Brillouin frequency and linewidth due to the low Young’s modulus of As2Se3 core and the high mechanical strength of PMMA cladding. The deformation of the As2Se3-PMMA hybrid microfiber is observed when the strain is greater than 1500 µɛ by measuring the distributed Brillouin frequency and Brillouin linewidth over the 50 cm-long hybrid microfiber. The measured errors based on the Brillouin frequency in the range of 0-1500 µɛ and 1500-15000 µɛ are 42 µɛ and 105 µɛ, respectively. The measured error based on the Brillouin linewidth is 65 µɛ at 0-1500 µɛ and the maximum error is 353 µɛ when the tensile strain is 15000 µɛ. No strain memory effect is observed compared with the polymer optical fiber due to Young’s modulus in As2Se3 is larger than that in polymer. Numerical simulations are developed to accurately predict the strain dependence of Brillouin frequency in the As2Se3-PMMA hybrid microfiber.
Optical topography of rough surfaces using vortex localization of fluorescent markers
Authors: Schovánek Petr , Bouchal Petr , Bouchal Zdeněk
Published: July 2020

Measuring rough surfaces is challenging because the proven topographic methods are impaired by the adverse effects of diffuse light. In our method, the measured surface is marked by fluorescent nanobeads allowing a complete suppression of diffuse light by bandpass filtering. Light emitted by each fluorescent bead is shaped to a double-helix point spread function used for three-dimensional bead localization on the surface. This non-interferometric measurement of rough surface topography is implemented in a vibration resistant setup. The comparison of our method with vertical scanning interferometry shows that a commercial profiler is surpassed when ground glass surfaces with steep slopes are measured.
Laser induced damage in coatings for cryogenic Yb:YAG active mirror amplifiers
Authors: Wang Hanchen , Meadows Alexander R. , Jankowska Elzbieta , Randel Emmett , Reagan Brendan A. , Rocca Jorge J. , Menoni Carmen S.
Published: July 2020

We report results of a study of the laser induced damage threshold (LIDT) behavior of ion beam sputtered

H
f
O

2

/

S
i
O

2

multilayer coatings on Yb:YAG using 1-on-1 and N-on-1 test protocols. The tests were conducted at ambient, vacuum, and cryogenic conditions using 280 ps pulses at

λ
=

1030

n
m

. The 1-on-1 LIDT of antireflection (AR) stacks is found to be only slightly reduced under vacuum and cryogenic conditions, while that of high reflectivity (HR) stacks is insensitive to environmental conditions within the uncertainty of the measurements. Cryogenic N-on-1 tests show the LIDT of the HR coating is almost the same as in the 1-on-1 tests. Conversely, the cryogenic N-on-1 test of the AR coating shows damage at

∼

13

J

/

c
m

2

, a fluence lower than the

20.4

J

/

c
m

2

of 1-on-1 tests. The AR damage behavior is found to be affected by imperfections at the Yb:YAG surface. These findings show that high surface quality is required to increase energy extraction from active mirror laser amplifiers.
Measurement of the soliton number in guiding media through continuum generation
Authors: Castelló-Lurbe David , Carrascosa Antonio , Silvestre Enrique , Díez Antonio , Van Erps Jürgen , Vermeulen Nathalie , Andrés Miguel V.
Published: July 2020

No general approach is available yet to measure directly the ratio between chromatic dispersion and the nonlinear coefficient, and hence the soliton number for a given optical pulse, in an arbitrary guiding medium. Here we solve this problem using continuum generation. We experimentally demonstrate our method in polarization-maintaining and single-mode fibers with positive and negative chromatic dispersion. Our technique also offers new opportunities to determine the chromatic dispersion of guiding media over a broad spectral range while pumping at a fixed wavelength.
Proteoglycan-driven Autophagy: A Nutrient-independent Mechanism to Control Intracellular Catabolism
Authors: Neill Thomas , Buraschi Simone , Kapoor Aastha , Iozzo Renato V.
Published: July 2020

Proteoglycans are rapidly emerging as versatile regulators of intracellular catabolic pathways. This is predominantly achieved via the non-canonical induction of autophagy, a fundamentally and evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic pathway necessary for maintaining organismal homeostasis. Autophagy facilitated by either decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, or perlecan, a basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, proceeds independently of ambient nutrient conditions. We found that soluble decorin evokes endothelial cell autophagy and breast carcinoma cell mitophagy by directly interacting with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) or the Met receptor tyrosine kinase, respectively. Endorepellin, a soluble, proteolytic fragment of perlecan, induces autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress within the vasculature, downstream of VEGFR2. These potent matrix-derived cues transduce key biological information via receptor binding to converge upon a newly discovered nexus of core autophagic machinery comprised of Peg3 (paternally expressed gene 3) for autophagy or mitostatin for mitophagy. Here, we give a mechanistic overview of the nutrient-independent, proteoglycan-driven programs utilized for autophagic or mitophagic progression. We propose that catabolic control of cell behavior is an underlying basis for proteoglycan versatility and may provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of human disease:
El enfoque STEAM: Diseño participativo en una experiencia de ciencia ciudadana
Authors: Serón Torrecilla Francisco Javier
Published: July 2020

La creación de objetos, artefactos o productos nos permite acercarnos al proceso artístico y de diseño desde diferentes propuestas metodológicas o enfoques. Muchas de esas propuestas están relacionadas con una sociedad cada vez más abierta y participada desde espacios multi-agente. En el presente artículo se presenta un proyecto en el que, a partir de la necesidad de elaborar un producto artístico de diseño y ciencia ciudadana se ha empleado un enfoque STEAM participado por estudiantes de la Escuela Superior de Diseño, estudiantes de primaria desde las áreas de plástica y tecnología, la fundación ibercivis de ciencia ciudadana y colaboradores externos del ámbito de la informática, la electronica y las redes IoT. Se señalará el marco de actuación y aplicación de la metodología desde un análisis descriptivo que permite reflexionar sobre las implicaciones que tiene en un ámbito transdisciplinar la aplicación de dichos enfoques que inciden en aprendizajes desde distintas dimensiones, artística, de diseño, científica y tecnológica.
Cine sin cámara en la universidad: Teoría y práctica de un cine hecho a mano
Authors: Alcoz Albert
Published: July 2020

Investigar el papel del cine sin cámara en el contexto universitario es el motivo principal de este artículo. Identificar la presencia, dentro de la academia, de una práctica fílmica estrechamente asociada a la experimentación cinematográfica; describir los diferentes planteamientos elaborados por el profesorado en un conjunto de facultades internacionales; visibilizar el rigor teórico y la articulación histórica que se despliegan en estas asignaturas; y valorar la implicación del alumnado al trabajar imágenes artesanalmente, condicionadas por un dispositivo tecnológico, son algunos de los objetivos desarrollados en el texto. Acercar la enseñanza del cine a su principal materia prima, el celuloide –en un momento en que este se encuentra desplazado progresivamente del audiovisual– es la razón de ser de un área de estudio generalmente asociada al cine libre y personal. Determinar su relevancia en la academia permite observar cómo su estudio y su puesta en práctica se formaliza tanto en el contexto artístico como en el fílmico.
La enseñanza del arte electrónico mexicano: Alternativas para escenarios locales
Authors: Villagómez Oviedo Cynthia Patricia
Published: July 2020

La enseñanza del arte electrónico es la puerta de entrada a la comprensión de los distintos recursos científicos y tecnológicos, así como la entrada a redes o comunidades de desarrollo de conocimientos en línea, las cuales cubren la necesidad de obtener un conocimiento específico. El arte electrónico puede hacer posible la entrada a estos recursos, entre otros, necesarios para el avance de un grupo social o de la sociedad en conjunto. La educación universitaria en países en vías de desarrollo está supeditada a estándares nacionales e internacionales arcaicos en la implementación de rediseños o para la creación de nuevos programas de estudio, lo que obstaculiza la introducción de nuevas carreras del área artística, cuya base es la flexibilidad para la selección de contenidos, debido al cambio constante que experimentan las diferentes corrientes artísticas, verbigracia, la reutilización de recursos y materiales en el arte electrónico. Este artículo reflexiona sobre las desventajas de las guías institucionales para la creación de programas educativos y las ventajas de implementar nuevas normas que contribuyan a la flexibilidad de los planes de estudio.
Los servicios de prevención de riesgos laborales en tiempos del coronavirus
Authors: López Fernández Rubén
Published: July 2020

La aparición del COVID-19 no solo ha sacudido al mundo del trabajo, sino que trasciende a todas las dimensiones de lo conocido. Cuando apenas se llevan andados dos meses desde que se decretara el estado de alarma por parte del Gobierno, para transitar por el escenario incierto de esta crisis sanitaria sin precedentes, ya se puede atisbar que la recuperación económica será larga y dificultosa, sobre todo desde el prisma de las relaciones laborales. El presente artículo hace un repaso de las principales medidas normativas adoptadas sobre el mercado de trabajo, pero sobre todo aborda los pormenores de la actuación de los servicios de prevención de riesgos laborales durante esta situación, esperemos transitoria. Por último, se centra en el tratamiento que se ha de dispensar a los trabajadores especialmente sensibles a la exposición por coronavirus, los cuales también deberán pasar a situación de incapacidad temporal, con la prestación económica correspondiente al accidente laboral, previo estudio del área sanitaria del servicio de prevención.