bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Terrorist and extremist crimes among young people and regionally sensitive prevention
Authors: Zijadova Dureja Zijadinovna , Magomedova Minara Rachidhanovna , Magomedov Neftulla Kamalutdinovich
Published: May 2023

Preventing extremism and terrorism crimes in the republics of the North Caucasus in the near future is relevant, since today’s volatile situation in society calls for constant reference to the problem in order to comprehend the development of these crimes in the face of the liberalization of public life. Evaluating regional and territorial characteristics of crime suggests that its content depends not only on the state of society at large, but also on the way social processes are organized in the regions. Therefore, there are some significant differences in the level of terrorism and extremism crime among young people in different regions of the Russian Federation. In this sense, the nature and rate of crime in the border regions are relatively localized within regional-territorial frameworks. This is due to the factthat, some regions of the Russian Federation have developed peculiar demographic, cultural, socio-economic, geopolitical conditions that affect the qualitative and quantitative indicators of youth crime, causing peculiar criminological situations to develop in certain regions. Regional analysis of crime is a mandatory attribute of criminological research. Within its framework, terrorism and extremism crime among young people is considered as an integrative output of complex social territory-specific interactions. Attempts to feature terrorism and extremism crime among young people in the republics of the North Caucasus, the way it differs from this kind of crime in other regions of the Russian Federation are of great preventive importance.
Reopenable clip-over-the-line method for closing large mucosal defects following colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection: A feasibility study
Authors: Nomura Tatsuma , Sugimoto Shinya , Temma Taishi , Oyamada Jun , Ito Keiichi , Kamei Akira
Published: May 2023

Background and study aims Complete closure of large defects after
colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) can be problematic, especially in
challenging areas or lesions larger than half the lumen circumference. We report a reopenable
clip-over-the-line method for such defects and aim to investigate its feasibility through a
case series.

Patients and methods We retrospectively evaluated data from 30
consecutive patients who underwent ESD with defect closure using the reopenable
clip-over-the-line method between October 2020 and September 2022. This method requires the
first clip-with-line grasp of the oral side's defect edge and muscle layer. The next
reopenable clip (with a line fed through a hole in the reopenable clip tooth) is placed on the
opposing mucosal defect edge and muscle layer. This process is repeated until complete
closure. The primary study outcome was the rate of complete mucosal defect closure. We also
reported post-procedure bleeding or perforation.

Results The median dimensions of the resected specimens were 45
mm (range, 35–70) by 39 mm (range, 29–60). Complete closure was achieved for all defects,
including nine rectal defects, of which three bordered the anal verge. Of the 30 defects
included in this study, nine were larger than half the lumen circumference. The median closure
time was 25 minutes (range, 14–52), and the median clip number was 17 (range, 9–42). No
post-procedure bleeding or perforation occurred.

Conclusions The reopenable clip-over-the-line method is a
feasible technique for the complete closure of large colorectal defects after endoscopic
submucosal dissection, regardless of location.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pediatric Surgical Scientific Formats: An ERNICA Survey on Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Aubert Ophelia , Gosemann Jan-Hendrik , Wijnen René , Lacher Martin , Ure Benno , Madadi-Sanjani Omid
Published: May 2023

Introduction The aims of this survey were to assess the experiences of the transition from in-person to virtual meetings among European pediatric surgeons since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to identify preferences for future formats.

Materials and Methods An online questionnaire was circulated among members of the European Reference Network for rare Inherited and Congenital Anomalies Network (ERNICA) in 2022. Two time periods were compared (3 years before the COVID-19 pandemic vs. the year 2021).

Results A total of 87 pediatric surgeons from 16 countries completed the survey. In addition, 27% of respondents were trainees/residents and 73% consultants/lead surgeons. Consultants participated in significantly more in-person congresses prior to the COVID-19 pandemic compared with trainees (5.2 vs. 1.9; p < 0.001). A significant increase in attendance of virtual meeting was reported during 2021 compared with pre-COVID-19 (1.4 vs. 6.7; p < 0.001). Consultants had experienced significantly less absenteeism thanks to virtual meetings compared with trainees (42/61 vs. 8/23; p < 0.05). Most surgeons considered virtual meetings more economic (82%), practical (78%), and family-friendly (66%). However, a majority reported missing social events (78%). The communication among attendees or between attendees and speakers or scientific faculty was deemed worse. A minority (14%) experienced equalized representation of trainees and consultants at virtual meetings. Most respondents (58%) agreed that future meeting strategies should focus on offering virtual formats. Regarding future congresses, respondents prefer hybrid (62%) over in-person (33%) or virtual (6%) formats.

Conclusion According to European pediatric surgeons, virtual learning formats hold multiple advantages and should be continued. Improved technology must meet the challenges, particularly to enhance communication, equal representation, and networking between attendees.
Endoscopic Advances in Hepatology
Authors: Vanderschueren Emma , Trebicka Jonel , Laleman Wim
Published: May 2023

Endoscopy is and remains an indispensable tool in diagnosing and managing liver disease and its complications. Due to the progress in advanced endoscopy, endoscopy has become an alternative route for many surgical, percutaneous, and angiographic interventions, not only as a backup tool when conventional interventions fail but increasingly as a first-line choice. The term endo-hepatology refers to the integration of advanced endoscopy in the practice of hepatology. Endoscopy is key in the diagnosis and management of esophageal and gastric varices, portal hypertensive gastropathy, and gastric antral vascular ectasia. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) can be used for the evaluation of the liver parenchyma, liver lesions, and surrounding tissues and vessels, including targeted biopsy and complemented with new software functions. Moreover, EUS can guide portal pressure gradient measurement, and assess and help manage complications of portal hypertension. It is crucial that each present-day hepatologist is aware of the (rapidly increasing) full spectrum of diagnostic and therapeutic tools that exist within this field. In this comprehensive review, we would like to discuss the current endo-hepatology spectrum, as well as future directions for endoscopy in hepatology.
Nursing Perspective of Providing Palliative Care to the Children—A Narrative Review
Authors: Agrawal Uma Shanker , Sarin Jyoti , Garg Rakesh
Published: May 2023

Introduction Palliative care of children (PCC) is a philosophical and a structured approach to providing tailored care to children with life-threatening diseases. Understanding the role of nurses and empowering them to take up the role of palliative care nurse are imperative to strengthen these services and make the palliative care services more accessible to the patients.

Method The literature search was done in two database, PubMed and Scopus, using keyword and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms such as children, palliative care, end of life, hospice, bereavement, and nursing. Records were screened by authors and relevant articles were included in the review.

Discussion PCC should start with the diagnosis of the illness continue through all the phases of illness. Bereavement support to the family is also a part of palliative care. Nurses are in a key position to play important role in the PCC team. Nurses play various roles such as direct care provider, communicator, patient advocate, respite nurse, and counselor.

Conclusion PCC is aimed to improve the quality of life of the child and family. It is crucial to achieving universal health coverage. Role of nurse is vital in providing PCC.
Preoperative Depression is Not Associated with Inferior Outcomes following Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Byrne Connor T. , Durst Caleb R. , Rezzadeh Kevin T. , Rockov Zachary A. , Lee Anderson , McKelvey Karma S. , Spitzer Andrew I. , Rajaee Sean S.
Published: May 2023

Preexisting depression negatively impacts outcomes following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) surveys are validated measures which quantify depression, pain, and physical function. We hypothesized that higher levels of preoperative PROMIS depression scores were associated with inferior outcomes following THA. A total of 247 patients underwent primary THA at the same institution by three arthroplasty surgeons between June 2018 and August 2020. PROMIS scores were collected preoperatively and at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Patients with preoperative PROMIS depression scores of 55 or more were considered depressed. The primary outcome measures were changes in PROMIS scores over time. Secondary outcomes were total morphine milligram equivalent (TME) and mean morphine equivalents per day (MME) received during admission, 90-day emergency room visits and hospital readmissions, and revisions within 2 years. Seventy-eight patients had preoperative PROMIS depression scores of 55 (PD) or more and 169 were not depressed (ND). PD patients were younger (PD: 62.0 [14.3] vs. ND: 66 [11.7], p = 0.028) at time of surgery and had higher TME (PD: 211.5 [320.9] vs. ND: 161.5 [375.9], p = 0.022) and MME (PD: 78.0 [71.6] vs. ND: 59.1 [67.3], p = 0.005) usage during hospitalization compared to ND patients. PD patients had higher preoperative PROMIS scores for pain (p < 0.001) and lower scores for function (p < 0.004). PD patients had improved PROMIS depression scores at all follow-up intervals (p < 0.01). All other changes in PROMIS pain and function scores were not different between groups. There were no significant differences in readmission rates or patients requiring revisions. Preoperative PROMIS depression scores of 55 or more do not negatively impact postoperative function, depression, or pain following THA, and are associated with greater improvement in depression. There also is not a higher rate of revisions or readmissions.
A Rare Case of Microduplication on Chromosome 13 Detected as High Risk for Trisomy 13 on NIPT Screening
Authors: Murarka Shiva , Kotecha Udhaya , Pamnani Dirgha , Shah Parth , Sharda Sheetal
Published: May 2023

Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has revolutionized the screening methods for fetal chromosomal aneuploidies with high utility for aneuploidies for common chromosomes 13,18, 21, X and Y. Trisomy 13 is often associated with major and minor fetal malformations and can be screened by antenatal fetal scan and first- and second-trimester biochemical screening. We describe a case with high risk for trisomy 13 on NIPT, but without any fetal abnormalities on fetal scan. As recommended, follow-up invasive testing of amniotic fluid by chromosomal microarray detected a microduplication on chromosome 13, which has been associated with congenital microcoria. This case demonstrates the high sensitivity and clinical utility of NIPT in detecting rare copy number variations, which can assist families in making informed reproductive decisions. This also emphasizes that all screen positive NIPT cases should be confirmed with an appropriate diagnostic test by an invasive method.
The times are they a-changin’? Tracking sovereign wealth funds’ sustainable investing
Authors: Bortolotti Bernardo , Loss Giacomo , van Zwieten Robert W.
Published: May 2023

This paper analyzes the orientation towards sustainable investment by global sovereign wealth funds (henceforth SWFs) over the last two decades. Our data analysis reveals that over the last 5 years, there has been a noticeable uptick in investing along the Sustainable Development Goals (henceforth SDGs) by SWFs. From 2018 onwards, momentum has been building in climate and energy, especially in deal value. We also see agriculture come to the fore in 2020, and to a lesser degree, investments in education, as SWFs appear to extend their investment remits slowly but surely into other long-term investment themes. The paper also provides preliminary descriptive evidence about the drivers of sovereign sustainable investment, showing that the presence of explicit environmental, social, and governance (henceforth ESG) policies in place favor capital deployment aligned with SDGs. Finally, the paper studies the ESG performance of a sub-sample of listed firms that SWFs have invested in, finding a significant deterioration in the governance pillar. This result is broadly consistent with previous research on the agency costs of sovereign ownership. The paper concludes by making policy recommendations regarding fiduciary duty, investee corporate governance, and climate investments, which would contribute to modernizing the role of SWFs in the global economy.
Addressing Electromigration Challenges in 3D Integrated Circuits
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: May 2023

Review examines the causes, and potential solutions, of electromigration failures.
Investigating muscle contraction in search for an asthma remedy
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: May 2023

Device that measures smooth tissue contraction may help determine causes of and treatments for asthma.
Shock standards Cu, Ag, Ir, and Pt in a wide pressure range
Authors: Burakovsky Leonid , Preston Dean L. , Ramsey Scott D. , Starrett Charles E. , Baty Roy S.
Published: May 2023

Although they are polymorphic (multiphase) materials, both copper and silver are reliable Hugoniot standards, and thus it is necessary to establish an accurate analytic model of their principal Hugoniots. Here we present analytic forms of their principal Hugoniots, as well as those of iridium and platinum, two “pusher” standards for shock-ramp experiments, over a wide range of pressures. They are based on our new analytic model of the principal Hugoniot [Burakovsky et al., J. Appl. Phys. 132, 215109 (2022)]. Comparison of the four Hugoniots with experimental and independent theoretical data (such data exist to very high pressures for both copper and silver) demonstrates excellent agreement. Hence, the new model for copper and silver can be considered as providing the corresponding Hugoniot standards over a wide pressure range. We also suggest an approach for calculating the Grüneisen parameter along the Hugoniot and apply it to copper as a prototype, and our results appear to be in good agreement with the available data.
Enhanced quantum oscillations and scattering effect in quaternary InAlGaN/GaN two-dimensional electron gas
Authors: Karmakar Chiranjit , Kaneriya R. K. , Malasi Megha , Rathod Shivam , Kumar Devendra , Chakravarty Sujay , Upadhyay R. B. , Kumar Punam , Bhattacharya A. N. , Joshi U. S.
Published: May 2023

Quantum transport properties of a large bandgap In0.15Al0.79Ga0.06N/GaN quaternary GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) heterostructure are studied at low temperatures up to 2 K. Herein, we report the first evidence of weak localization in a quaternary GaN two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) system. We observe negative magnetoresistance behavior and extracted dephasing time (τΦ) using a Hikami–Larkin–Nagaoka model at 2.2 K. Linear dependency of dephasing rate with temperature (τΦ−1∝T) is established below 20 K. Furthermore, Shubnikov–de Haas quantum oscillation induced by 2DEG is observed using perpendicular magnetic (B⊥) field strengths up to 14 T. From the temperature-dependent oscillation amplitude, we extracted an effective mass m*≈0.237me. The dominance of small-angle scattering in the 2DEG channel is identified from less than unit ratio (τq/τt≪1) of quantum lifetime (τq) to the Hall transport lifetime (τt). In our study, we have demonstrated that the In0.15Al0.79Ga0.06N/GaN quaternary heterostructure possesses high dephasing time (τΦ=5.4 ps) and larger quantum lifetime (τq=0.102 ps) indicating better suitability and a way forward to high-power–high-frequency GaN HEMT development.
Toward using collective x-ray Thomson scattering to study C–H demixing and hydrogen metallization in warm dense matter conditions
Authors: Ranjan D. , Ramakrishna K. , Voigt K. , Humphries O. S. , Heuser B. , Stevenson M. G. , Lütgert J. , He Z. , Qu C. , Schumacher S. , May P. T. , Amouretti A. , Appel K. , Brambrink E. , Cerantola V. , Chekrygina D. , Fletcher L. B. , Göde S. , Harmand M. , Hartley N. J. , Hau-Riege S. P. , Makita M. , Pelka A. , Schuster A. K. , Šmíd M. , Toncian T. , Zhang M. , Preston T. R. , Zastrau U. , Vorberger J. , Kraus D.
Published: May 2023

The insulator–metal transition in liquid hydrogen is an important phenomenon to understand the interiors of gas giants, such as Jupiter and Saturn, as well as the physical and chemical behavior of materials at high pressures and temperatures. Here, the path toward an experimental approach is detailed based on spectrally resolved x-ray scattering, tailored to observe and characterize hydrogen metallization in dynamically compressed hydrocarbons in the regime of carbon–hydrogen phase separation. With the help of time-dependent density functional theory calculations and scattering spectra from undriven carbon samples collected at the European x-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (EuXFEL), we demonstrate sufficient data quality for observing C–H demixing and investigating the presence of liquid metallic hydrogen in future experiments using the reprated drive laser systems at EuXFEL.
Hard c-mean transition network method for analysis of time series
Authors: Yang Guangyu , Xia Shuyan
Published: May 2023

Transition network is a powerful tool to analyze nonlinear dynamic characteristics of complex systems, which characterizes the temporal transition property. Few, if any, existing approaches map different time series into transition networks with the same size so that temporal information of time series can be captured more effectively by network measures including typical average node degree, average path length, and so on. To construct a fixed size transition network, the proposed approach uses the embedding dimension method to reconstruct phase space from time series and divides state vectors into different nodes based on the hard c-mean clustering algorithm. The links are determined by the temporal succession of nodes. Our novel method is illustrated by three case studies: distinction of different dynamic behaviors, detection of parameter perturbation of dynamical system, and identification of seismic airgun based on sound data recorded in central Atlantic Ocean. The results show that our proposed method shows good performance in capturing the underlying nonlinear and nonstationary dynamics from short and noisy time series.
Scattering by source-type flows in disordered media
Authors: Severino Gerardo , Giannino Francesco
Published: May 2023

Scattering through a natural porous formation (by far the most ubiquitous example of disordered medium) represents a formidable tool to identify effective flow and transport properties. In particular, we are interested here in the scattering of a passive scalar as determined by a steady velocity field, which is generated by a line of singularity. The velocity undergoes erratic spatial variations, and concurrently, the evolution of the scattering is conveniently described within a stochastic framework that regards the conductivity of the hosting medium as a stationary, Gaussian, random field. Unlike the similar problem in uniform (in the mean) flow fields, the problem at stake results much more complex. Central to the present study is the fluctuation of the driving field that is computed in closed (analytical) form as a large time limit of the same quantity in the unsteady-state flow regime. The structure of the second-order moment Xrr, quantifying the scattering along the radial direction, is explained by the rapid change of the distance along which the velocities of two fluid particles become uncorrelated. Moreover, two approximate, analytical expressions are shown to be quite accurate in reproducing full simulations of Xrr. Finally, the same problem is encountered in other fields, belonging both to classical and to quantum physics. As such, our results lend themselves to being used within a context much wider than that exploited in the present study.
Regulation of acoustic topological state in two-dimensional Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model based on airflow circulation
Authors: Yang Xinghang , Jia Han , Zhang Peng , Wang Suhao , Yang Yuzhen , Yang Yunhan , Li Xiaodong
Published: May 2023

In this work, we propose a method for regulating topological states in acoustic systems by introducing airflow circulation. Composed of hollow rings linked with subwavelength rectangular waveguides, the proposed acoustic topological meta-crystals support multi-dimensional boundary states where the corner states merge into the edge ones. With the airflow introduced, the corner states separate from the edge states. We give the relationship between the frequency of the corner state and the speed of airflow and test the result by calculating eigenmodes of the supercell and finite lattice. Simulations for the acoustic field excited by a point source in a finite lattice also agree the relationship we give. The introduction of airflow in a topological system provides a method for manual control of the topological corner states.
High-temperature reactivity of vanadium oxide clusters in methane activation: Vibrational degrees of freedom matter
Authors: Ruan Man , Zhao Yan-Xia , Wei Gong-Ping , He Sheng-Gui
Published: May 2023

Understanding the properties of small particles working under high-temperature conditions at the atomistic scale is imperative for exact control of related processes, but it is quite challenging to achieve experimentally. Herein, benefitting from state-of-the-art mass spectrometry and by using our newly designed high-temperature reactor, the activity of atomically precise particles of negatively charged vanadium oxide clusters toward hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) from methane, the most stable alkane molecule, has been measured at elevated temperatures up to 873 K. We discovered the positive correlation between the reaction rate and cluster size that larger clusters possessing greater vibrational degrees of freedom can carry more vibrational energies to enhance the HAA reactivity at high temperature, in contrast with the electronic and geometric issues that control the activity at room temperature. This finding opens up a new dimension, vibrational degrees of freedom, for the simulation or design of particle reactions under high-temperature conditions.
Effect of the arrangement of two nozzles on morphology, velocity, and particle size distribution of artificial snow-making spray field
Authors: Theodorakis Panagiotis E.
Published: May 2023

A decline in natural snow due to global warming increases the reliance of ski resorts on artificial snow. To improve the formation rate and snow amount of artificial snow under any environmental conditions, it is necessary to use atomization technology that maintains the size of liquid drops of the snow-making spray field below a critical size, thus maximizing the number of freezing droplets into ice crystals. Here, we study the effects of the gas–liquid mass-mixing ratio (GLR) and the spacing (d) between two nozzles on the characteristics of the snow-making spray field produced by atomization technology for GLR of 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.2 and d of 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm. The measurement of the morphology, velocity, and particle-size distribution of the snow-making spray field is conducted by a laser particle-size measuring instrument, particle image velocimetry, and a high-speed camera. Our results show that both the spray cone and the intersection angles increase with the increase in the GLR in a two-nozzle arrangement, while the degree of interference between the nozzles increases with the decrease in spacing, d. We also find that the inward offset of the spray is the main reason for the increase in the intersection angle and the interference area and the deviation of the spray midline. In addition, we compare the characteristics of the spray field produced by the single and the two-nozzle systems. We conclude that the flow-field velocity of the single nozzle is smaller than that of the two nozzles and the velocity gradient of the liquid drops in the two-nozzle flow field varies greatly. The maximum vorticity (Max = 147) in the case of the two-nozzle arrangement is much larger than that of the single nozzle. Moreover, by analyzing the two-nozzle flow field at different spacings, we find that the particle-size distribution is most uniform for GLR = 0.10 and d = 15 cm. Thus, our study elucidates the characteristics of spray fields suitable for snow-making toward achieving higher quality and more efficient snow-making processes.
A miniature longitudinal-bending hybrid linear ultrasonic motor inspired by the planar hinged five bar mechanism
Authors: Bi Weipeng , Fan Pingqing , Wang Yansong , Ma Xipei , Zhou Jianpeng
Published: May 2023

Inspired by the double crank planar hinged five bar mechanism, a longitudinal–bending hybrid linear ultrasonic motor with compact miniature is proposed and tested. In order to realize miniaturization, it adopts a bonded-type structure. Four lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric ceramics are distributed equally into two groups and bonded to the two ends of the metal frame, and then, two voltages with a phase difference of 90° are applied to each of the two groups of PZT ceramics. Subsequently, the first-order longitudinal vibration and second-order bending vibration generated by the motor combine with each other at the tip of the driving foot to form an elliptical motion trajectory. According to the theoretical kinematic analysis of the free beam, the initial structural dimensions of the motor were designed. Then, the initial dimensions of the motor were optimized, and the zero-order optimization algorithm was used to achieve the purpose of longitudinal and bending resonance of the motor, and finally, the optimal dimensions of the motor were obtained. A prototype of the designed motor was made, followed by experimental tests on the performance of the prototype, including mechanical output. The maximum motor speed without load at 69.4 kHz is 134.57 mm s−1. Under 200 Vpp voltage and 6 N preload, the output thrust of the motor is about 0.4 N at the maximum. The actual mass of the motor is about 1.6 g; therefore, the thrust-to-weight ratio was calculated as 25.
Calculation method of friction coefficient on flat plate in supercritical water laminar boundary layer flow
Authors: Li Peitong , Wang Huibo , Li Xiaoyu , Guo Liejin , Jin Hui
Published: May 2023

In supercritical water (SCW) gasification reactor, understanding the interaction of SCW with wall surfaces and the boundary layer situation is significant to gasification efficiency improvement. This paper wishes to find a convenient way to calculate the friction coefficient on flat plate in SCW laminar flow with a pseudo-critical incoming state. The velocity profiles characteristics in the SCW boundary layer would be studied using direct numerical simulation (DNS) method, and they would be applied to variable separation of friction coefficient expression. Then, a semi-analytical formula for plate friction applied to the SCW fluid field would be derived, and it would be found to be the extended form of that derived from the Blasius's theory. In this formula, the effects of the unique properties variation around critical points had been isolated as dimensionless parameter Gμ*, dependent on pressure and temperature boundary conditions. The method of obtaining Gμ* by DNS will be given, and two details in the processes will be explained. Finally, the dependence between Gμ* and boundary conditions would be derived by numerical experiments. By the semi-analytical formula and diagram of Gμ*(Tw)|in, the friction coefficient on one side of the plate in SCW laminar flow could be quickly calculated. The applicable inflow states are five pseudo-critical points of 23–27 MPa, the wall temperature is 645–673 K, and the Reynolds number range is above 1×105. The accuracy of this method has been proved by comparing the results obtained by it with DNS results.
Broadband polarization-insensitive metalens with excellent achromaticity and high efficiency for the entire visible spectrum
Authors: Zhu Yechuan , Liu Siyuan , Chang Ying , Wang Yingxia , Zhou Shun , Wu Chunfang , Liu Weiguo
Published: May 2023

Metasurface-based flat optics is continuously attracting interest owing to its ability for miniaturization of optical devices and systems. Over the last few years, broadband achromatic metalenses have been extensively studied for focusing and imaging in the visible band. However, it is still a substantial challenge to design an achromatic metalens that can produce high-focusing efficiency and high-consistency focal length over the entire visible spectrum. In this Letter, we propose a polarization-independent achromatic metalens operating at wavelengths from 400 to 760 nm, which comprises only a single layer of cross-shaped and square-ring silicon nitride-based nanopillars on a glass substrate in the transmission mode. Numerical results demonstrate that the achromatic metalens has an average efficiency of 75.9% and a maximum focal shift of less than 0.3λ (λ being the operating wavelength) over the entire visible band, which indicate significant improvement over the previously reported achromatic metalenses for focusing visible light in terms of focal-shift suppression and wideband operation with high efficiency. This study recommends a means to develop a high-quality achromatic metalens for the whole visible spectrum. The proposed approach is also suitable for achromatic metalens designs of other wavebands.
Time to analgesia for musculoskeletal presentations in Tasmanian emergency departments: a case-controlled comparative observational study investigating the impact of advanced practice physiotherapists
Authors: Jovic David , Tuckerman Kirby , Bergenroth Claire , Tran Viet
Published: May 2023

Objective To assess the timeliness of analgesia provided to patients presenting with musculoskeletal conditions, by advanced practice physiotherapists, medical officers and nurse practitioners in two Tasmanian emergency departments. Methods A retrospective case-controlled comparative observational study collected patient data over a 6 month period. Index cases were consecutive cases treated by an advanced practice physiotherapist, with a medical and nurse practitioner cohort case-matched based on clinical and demographic factors. Time to analgesia from initial triage and time to analgesia from patient allocation to health professional groups were analysed using Mann–Whitney U-test. Further assessment comparing between-group differences in access to analgesia within 30 and 60 min of emergency department triage was included. Results Two hundred and twenty-four patients who received analgesia while in the primary care of advanced practice physiotherapists were matched against 308 others. Median time to analgesia for the advanced practice physiotherapy group was 40.5 min compared with 59 min in the comparison group (P = 0.001). Allocation to analgesia time for the advanced practice physiotherapy group was 27 min, compared with 30 min in the comparison group (P = 0.465). Access to analgesia within 30 min of presentation to the emergency department is low (36.1% vs 30.8%, P = 0.175). Conclusion For musculoskeletal presentations in two Tasmanian emergency departments, patients received more timely analgesia when in the care of an advanced practice physiotherapist compared with medical or nurse practitioner care. Further improvements in analgesia access are possible, with time from allocation to analgesia a potential target for intervention.
Obstacles in establishing a national disease registry in Australia: lessons from the development of the CHAANZ Congenital Heart Disease Registry
Authors: Lloyd Larissa K. , Nasir Reeja , Nicholson Calum , Strange Geoff , Celermajer David S.
Published: May 2023

Objectives To provide insights into the obstacles which pose challenges to the set-up of any National Registry in Australia. Methods An analysis of our experience in executing a Multi-Institutional Agreement (MIA) and obtaining ethics and governance approvals, post-award of a large Medical Research Futures Fund grant in June 2020. Results From July 2020, our timeline to an executed MIA was 283 days, despite full-time staff working towards this goal. Subsequently, after lead site ethics approval, time to site governance approvals ranged from 9 to 291 days. A total of 214 emails were sent during the MIA development and signing. There were 11–71 emails sent to individual governance offices and the number of requested points of additional information ranged from 0 to 31 queries. Conclusions There were considerable time delays in executing the initial (pre-research) stages of a National Federal Government funded Registry project which required substantial time and resources. We report a wide variation in requirements between different states and institutions. We propose several strategies which could be implemented to facilitate a more streamlined approach to research ethics and governance. This centralised approach would allow for better use of funding and facilitate better progress in medical research.
PHGDH preserves one-carbon cycle to confer metabolic plasticity in chemoresistant gastric cancer during nutrient stress
Authors: Yoon Bo Kyung , Kim Hyeonhui , Oh Tae Gyu , Oh Se Kyu , Jo Sugyeong , Kim Minki , Chun Kyu-Hye , Hwang Nahee , Lee Suji , Jin Suyon , Atkins Annette R. , Yu Ruth T. , Downes Michael , Kim Jae-woo , Kim Hyunkyung , Evans Ronald M. , Cheong Jae-Ho , Fang Sungsoon
Published: May 2023

Molecular classification of gastric cancer (GC) identified a subgroup of patients showing chemoresistance and poor prognosis, termed SEM (Stem-like/Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition/Mesenchymal) type in this study. Here, we show that SEM-type GC exhibits a distinct metabolic profile characterized by high glutaminase (GLS) levels. Unexpectedly, SEM-type GC cells are resistant to glutaminolysis inhibition. We show that under glutamine starvation, SEM-type GC cells up-regulate the 3 phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH)-mediated mitochondrial folate cycle pathway to produce NADPH as a reactive oxygen species scavenger for survival. This metabolic plasticity is associated with globally open chromatin structure in SEM-type GC cells, with ATF4/CEBPB identified as transcriptional drivers of the PHGDH-driven salvage pathway. Single-nucleus transcriptome analysis of patient-derived SEM-type GC organoids revealed intratumoral heterogeneity, with stemness-high subpopulations displaying high GLS expression, a resistance to GLS inhibition, and ATF4/CEBPB activation. Notably, coinhibition of GLS and PHGDH successfully eliminated stemness-high cancer cells. Together, these results provide insight into the metabolic plasticity of aggressive GC cells and suggest a treatment strategy for chemoresistant GC patients.
Aneuploidy effects on human gene expression across three cell types
Authors: Liu Siyuan , Akula Nirmala , Reardon Paul K. , Russ Jill , Torres Erin , Clasen Liv S. , Blumenthal Jonathan , Lalonde Francois , McMahon Francis J. , Szele Francis , Disteche Christine M. , Cader M. Zameel , Raznahan Armin
Published: May 2023

Aneuploidy syndromes impact multiple organ systems but understanding of tissue-specific aneuploidy effects remains limited—especially for the comparison between peripheral tissues and relatively inaccessible tissues like brain. Here, we address this gap in knowledge by studying the transcriptomic effects of chromosome X, Y, and 21 aneuploidies in lymphoblastoid cell lines, fibroblasts and iPSC-derived neuronal cells (LCLs, FCL, and iNs, respectively). We root our analyses in sex chromosome aneuploidies, which offer a uniquely wide karyotype range for dosage effect analysis. We first harness a large LCL RNA-seq dataset from 197 individuals with one of 6 sex chromosome dosages (SCDs: XX, XXX, XY, XXY, XYY, and XXYY) to i) validate theoretical models of SCD sensitivity and ii) define an expanded set of 41 genes that show obligate dosage sensitivity to SCD and are all in
cis
(i.e., reside on the X or Y chromosome). We then use multiple complementary analyses to show that
cis
effects of SCD in LCLs are preserved in both FCLs (n = 32) and iNs (n = 24), whereas
trans
effects (i.e., those on autosomal gene expression) are mostly not preserved. Analysis of additional datasets confirms that the greater cross-cell type reproducibility of
cis
vs.
trans
effects is also seen in trisomy 21 cell lines. These findings i) expand our understanding of X, Y, and 21 chromosome dosage effects on human gene expression and ii) suggest that LCLs may provide a good model system for understanding
cis
effects of aneuploidy in harder-to-access cell types.
A model ofd-wave superconductivity, antiferromagnetism, and charge order on the square lattice
Authors: Christos Maine , Luo Zhu-Xi , Shackleton Henry , Zhang Ya-Hui , Scheurer Mathias S. , Sachdev Subir
Published: May 2023

We describe the confining instabilities of a proposed quantum spin liquid underlying the pseudogap metal state of the hole-doped cuprates. The spin liquid can be described by a SU(2) gauge theory ofNf= 2 massless Dirac fermions carrying fundamental gauge charges—this is the low-energy theory of a mean-field state of fermionic spinons moving on the square lattice withπ-flux per plaquette in the ℤ2center of SU(2). This theory has an emergent SO(5)fglobal symmetry and is presumed to confine at low energies to the Néel state. At nonzero doping (or smaller Hubbard repulsionUat half-filling), we argue that confinement occurs via the Higgs condensation of bosonic chargons carrying fundamental SU(2) gauge charges also moving inπℤ2-flux. At half-filling, the low-energy theory of the Higgs sector hasNb= 2 relativistic bosons with a possible emergent SO(5)bglobal symmetry describing rotations between ad-wave superconductor, period-2 charge stripes, and the time-reversal breaking “d-density wave” state. We propose a conformal SU(2) gauge theory withNf= 2 fundamental fermions,Nb= 2 fundamental bosons, and a SO(5)f×SO(5)bglobal symmetry, which describes a deconfined quantum critical point between a confining state which breaks SO(5)fand a confining state which breaks SO(5)b. The pattern of symmetry breaking within both SO(5)s is determined by terms likely irrelevant at the critical point, which can be chosen to obtain a transition between Néel order andd-wave superconductivity. A similar theory applies at nonzero doping and largeU, with longer-range couplings of the chargons leading to charge order with longer periods.
Traducir literatura africana poscolonial
Authors: Fernández-Ruiz María Remedios
Published: May 2023

Se aprecia un interés creciente por la literatura africana en España, como demuestran los resultados extraídos de
la base de datos bibliográfica especializada BDAFRICA. La literatura poscolonial presenta unos rasgos característicos de los que
no siempre son conscientes las editoriales, que a menudo encargan la traducción de estos textos a profesionales no especializados
(Fernández Ruiz et al. 2019). Con esta idea en mente, atenderemos aquí a las
características propias de la literatura poscolonial y a las peculiaridades de su traducción. Para ello, utilizaremos los ejemplos
de traducción que nos proporciona el relato “Miedo y asco a salir de Harare” del escritor zimbabuense Dambudzo Marechera (en
La casa del hambre, publicado por la editorial Sajalín en 2014).
El método de traducción utilizado es heredero del giro político (Tymoczko y
Gentzler 2002) y del giro sociológico (Wolf 2009), abogando
por utilizar la traducción como herramienta descolonizadora del texto. Como resultado obtenemos un texto meta marcado por la
ausencia de paratextos, que responde a una estrategia de extranjerización para evitar silenciar los rasgos africanos que ha
decidido introducir el autor. Con ello, pretendemos contribuir a la sensibilización de los traductores de textos poscoloniales y
dejar atrás la violencia epistémica ejercida sobre estas obras literarias en el pasado.
Differences in syntactic annotation affect retrieval
Authors: Zehentner Eva , Hundt Marianne , Schneider Gerold , Röthlisberger Melanie
Published: May 2023

Prepositional phrases (PPs) play an important part in English argument structure constructions, but pose considerable challenges for linguistic investigations of any kind. In addition to the fact that PP-attachment is generally notoriously difficult to model computationally, a particularly striking methodological challenge in investigating verb-dependent PPs across (synchronic and/or diachronic) corpora is that such cross-corpus studies may have to rely on material annotated with different tools. This study evaluates the impact that such differences in corpus annotation may have on retrieval of verb-attached PPs by means of data from Early and Late Modern English corpora. Our intrinsic (recall/precision) and extrinsic parser evaluation shows that annotation does play a role, but that the noise introduced is negligible as far as frequency developments are concerned.
Dealing with missing participants in the opening phases of a videoconference
Authors: Hoffmann Sabine , Fele Giolo
Published: May 2023

The paper explores the social interaction that takes place during the initial phases of videoconferences. The
focus is on the problem of absent participants, which is often considered a reason for delaying the official beginning of the
meeting. One of the resources that the participants have is to reach the absent participant by cellphone. We observed a recurrent
pattern of action whereby one of the participants disengages from the video meeting to reach the missing person by phone. This
negotiation process moves through four steps: (1) the detection of the problem, (2) the offer to call the missing person by one
participant, (3) the acceptance of this offer by the moderator, and (4) the temporary absence of the participant from the video
meeting to make the phone call. Our data concern videoconferencing in the context of international teacher training in German as a
foreign language (LEELU project, https://www.leelu.eu/english/).
Metarepresentational phenomena in Japanese and English
Authors: Uchida Seiji
Published: May 2023

Contrastive studies of languages usually focus on differences in lexical items, syntactic structures, semantic expressions, collocations, and so on. In the present paper we take a cognitive pragmatic approach, assuming that metarepresentation in the sense ofSperber (2000)andWilson (2000)offers a crucial perspective in such studies. We discuss how the speech act component of higher-level explicatures is linguistically realized in Japanese and English, focusing on sentence adverbials, ‘because’ clauses, speech act particles, reported speech, private predicates, and desiderative predicates. We conclude that in the Japanese language, information concerning the speech act component tends to be linguistically realized, while such information is not necessarily realized in English. We suggest that this cognitive pragmatic approach can be applied to other languages where higher-level explicatures are basically explicit as in Japanese or implicit as in English.
Dog owners: Disenfranchised guilt and related depression and anxiety
Authors: Kogan Lori R. , Bussolari Cori , Currin-McCulloch Jennifer , Packman Wendy , Erdman Phyllis
Published: May 2023

Parental guilt, one common subtype of guilt often associated with work-family conflict (WFC), has been found to be associated with depression and anxiety. Because many people view their pets as family members and even children, the current study was designed to explore dog owners’ dog-related guilt and its relationship with depression and anxiety. Through an online anonymous survey, the results of our study suggest that dog owners’ guilt and dog-related WFC are at comparable levels to those reported in human family studies. They are also both significant predictors of depression and anxiety. It is important for mental health professionals to be aware of this disenfranchised guilt and help clients cope in positive ways. Guidance related to self-compassion is offered as one strategy to help pet owners struggling with this common, but often trivialized, source of guilt.
Are children’s relationships with pet dogs uniquely related to children’s social and emotional competence and adjustment?
Authors: Kerns Kathryn A. , Dulmen Manfred H.M. , Kochendorfer Logan B. , Gastelle Marissa , Obeldobel Carli A. , Horowitz Alexandra
Published: May 2023

Companion animals, including pet dogs, can be sources of support and potentially contribute to children’s competence and adjustment. The goal of this paper is to examine whether children’s pet dog relationships are related to their competence and adjustment after accounting for relationships with parents and friends and demographic factors. We distinguished three qualities of child-pet dog relationships – positive pet relationship qualities, friction, and pets as substitutes for people – and examined them in relation to children’s thriving, school academic performance, and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. The sample included 115 children (M age = 10.93, 57 girls and 58 boys) who completed questionnaires about the quality of their relationship with a pet dog, the positive and negative qualities of a best friendship, and the security of attachments to parents. To measure child competence, children reported their thriving and parents reported children’s school academic performance. To measure adjustment, parents and teachers reported child internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Positive pet relationship qualities were related to a higher competence. Friction and pets as substitutes were related to lower competence and adjustment, although some findings varied by the reporter or after controlling for other factors. Pet relationship quality uniquely contributed to some child outcomes, although moderation analyses did not provide any evidence that pet dog relationships compensate for low-quality friendships or insecure parental attachments. Collectively, the findings suggest that relationships with pets may augment but not override the impact of relationships with parents and friends.