bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mid-Atlantic wine tourism consumer preference: an econometric approach
Authors: Yue Chen , Govindasamy Ramu , Kelley Kathleen
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Using an econometric approach, this study aims to examine Mid-Atlantic USA wine consumers’ willingness to participate in winery or vineyard tours based on their wine knowledge, wine drinking occasions, demographical factors, past experience with wine tourism and wine purchasing behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach

An internet-based consumer survey (N = 977) conducted 22-24 October 2014 was used to collect data. The screening criteria for the survey participants were: 1) being a resident of the Mid-Atlantic region (New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, USA), 2) at least 21 years old, 3) not an industry member, and 4) having purchased and consumed wine within the past year. In addition to descriptive statistics, a logistic regression was used to estimate consumers’ willingness to participate in winery or vineyard tours. Independent variables were categorized into five groups: sources of wine knowledge, wine drinking occasions, demographical factors, past experience and wine purchasing behaviors.

Findings

With 736 valid observations, the logistic regression shows that males are more likely to be interested in winery or vineyard tours, while young adults (<25 years old) are less likely. Learning about wines from winery tasting room staff members, from wine magazines or from local and regional magazines are the top three positive influencers on interest in these activities. Past wine tourism experience in the Mid-Atlantic region, drinking wine as an everyday beverage and giving wines as gifts also show a positive relationship with likelihood of participating in these activities.

Practical implications

Study results can help the Mid-Atlantic wine industry understand wine tourists’ behaviors and preferences. Advertising in wine magazines and local and regional magazines can be used to target wine consumers interested in winery or vineyard tours. Attributes (i.e. past experience with wine tourism and gaining knowledge from winery tasting room staff) that are related to the quality of wine tourism experience were identified. Participants were also interested in purchasing wine from the winery during or after participating in wine tourism activities; therefore, wineries should focus on guest interactions to encourage such purchases.

Originality/value

This survey collected data from both consumers who had or who lacked wine tourism experience, which allowed us to gather input from wine drinkers who had not necessarily visited tasting rooms. This survey instrument can be used to collect data from wine consumers residing in regions where the presence of wineries and wine tourism is low, which can provide insight that otherwise might be influenced by currently offered wine tourism activities. This paper uses an econometric approach to understand consumer interests in wine tourism in the Mid-Atlantic region and provides a comprehensive, clear and informative profile of likely wine tourism participants who reside in a region that has not been studied comprehensively.
Intellectual capital, isomorphic forces and internet financial reporting
Authors: Bananuka Juma
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report on the results of study carried out to examine the contribution of intellectual capital (IC) and isomorphic forces (IF) to internet financial reporting (IFR) among financial services firms in an emerging economy like Uganda.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is cross sectional and correlational. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 40 financial services firms. Data were analyzed through correlation coefficients and linear regression using Statistical Package for Social Sciences.

Findings

Results suggest that both IC and IF are significant predictors of IFR among financial services firms in Uganda. However, IF significantly contribute to IFR when IC is not present.

Originality/value

This study provides an initial empirical evidence on the contribution of IC and IF to IFR using evidence from Uganda’s financial service firms.
Motivation and knowledge sharing: a meta-analysis of main and moderating effects
Authors: Nguyen Tuyet-Mai , Nham Tuan Phong , Froese Fabian Jintae , Malik Ashish
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on knowledge sharing and the moderating effects of individual demographics, organizational context and cultural context in that relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

This study conducted a meta-analysis of 44 studies involving 14,023 participants to examine the direct and moderating effects of motivation on knowledge sharing.

Findings

Results revealed that both extrinsic and intrinsic motivational factors were associated with higher levels of knowledge sharing, while the effect was stronger for intrinsic motivation. Moreover, results revealed that substantial variance was explained by moderating variables. Further investigation revealed that individual characteristics (age, gender), organizational context (organizational setting vs. open system, IT infrastructure) and cultural context (collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, performance orientation, power distance) moderated the motivation and knowledge sharing relationship.

Research limitations/implications

As a meta-analysis, this study is confined to variables that have been frequently analyzed in prior research. Future research could further increase our understanding of different types of knowledge sharing and various boundary conditions.

Practical implications

Organizations should provide customized incentive systems to specific target groups to align motivation and knowledge sharing. Multinational organizations may consider different motivation schemes across countries to better suit cultural differences.

Originality/value

Despite a growing number of studies highlighting the important role of motivation in predicting knowledge sharing, the evidence is mixed. Based on a meta-analysis, this study identified true relationships and identified moderating effects that help explain prior mixed results.
Integration modes, global networks, and knowledge diffusion in overseas M&As by emerging market firms
Authors: Li Fei , Chen Yan , Liu Yipeng
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to examine how integration modes impact the acquirer knowledge diffusion capacity of overseas mergers and acquisitions (M&As) effected by emerging market firms and the role played by the global innovation network position of the acquiring firms in affecting this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Through the use of structural equation modelling and bootstrap testing, the hypotheses are tested by drawing upon a sample of 102 overseas M&As effected by listed Chinese manufacturing companies.

Findings

The results show that acquirers from emerging countries are unable to increase the knowledge diffusion capacity unless they choose the right post-merger integration mode. This paper also finds that the relationship between integration mode and knowledge diffusion is channelled through the centrality and structural holes of acquirers in the global innovation networks. When considering the combinations of different resource similarities and complementarities of the acquired firms, differences emerge in the integration model and network embedded path of acquirers in emerging countries.

Practical implications

Emerging market multinational enterprises should consider post-merger integration as a crucial facilitator to the crafting of global innovation network positions that promote knowledge diffusion. The choices of integration mode and brand management autonomy should be matched with the resource similarities and complementarities that exist between the acquirer and target firms.

Originality/value

Based on the resource orchestration theory and by focussing on network centrality and structural hole as the crucial links, this study provides a nuanced understanding of the relationship between post-merger integration and knowledge diffusion and sheds light on latecomer firms from emerging countries.
Shadow work for leadership development
Authors: Chappell Stacie , Cooper Elizabeth , Trippe George
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to expand upon scholarship exploring the application of Jungian psychological concepts to leadership development.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a conceptual paper in which Jungian shadow is explored as a potential bridge between the simplistic conceptualization of good and bad leadership.

Findings

The importance of shadow work to leadership development is explored and activities for shadow work are provided.

Research limitations/implications

Because this paper is not an empirical study, it does not present research information, propositions or hypotheses.

Originality/value

The paper presents a clear and accessible introduction to Jungian psychology and suggests practical exercises for incorporating shadow work into leadership development.
The entrepreneurial university: a proposed model for developing nations
Authors: Bizri Rima , Hammoud Jamil , Stouhi Marwa , Hammoud Manar
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a model for entrepreneurial universities (EPUs) that operate in developing countries, as most of the existing research has either focused on the western context or neglected context altogether. The model is intended to identify the EPU’s key success factors while taking into consideration its contextual constraints.

Design/methodology/approach

A 60-item survey instrument was designed and distributed across the top 10 QS-ranked universities in Lebanon, and the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with SmartPLS.

Findings

The results of data analysis confirmed the influence of resources and capabilities and knowledge transfer as the two most powerful “university-specific” success factors. Importantly, the relationship between the university-specific factors and innovation was mediated by the presence of a strong entrepreneurial culture, while an entrepreneurship environment was found to be conducive to entrepreneurship outcomes of the EPU.

Originality/value

This paper fills a gap in the literature by suggesting a model for the EPU in developing nations, taking into consideration the various constraints of those nations.
The strategic impact of performance appraisal on corporate governance dynamics
Authors: Amedzro St-Hilaire Walter
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the strategic impacts of performance appraisal on the corporate governance dynamics (in the private sector) in addition to the advanced assumptions which traditionally explain the declining tendency related to the board of governance's evaluation.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative analysis by regression approach was mobilized for the needs of this technical and conceptual paper. In order to proceed, the author use a model of workforce determination which examines the influence of appointments, the termination of functions, the solid mechanisms of evaluation and strategies of control.

Findings

The results' degree proved itself to be slightly higher and consequently, the influence of management evaluation was significant. As expected, the planning mainly reflected, in a unique way, a large and growing proportion of new appointments.

Originality/value

The objective of the paper is to validate the impacts of business management evaluation on the dynamics of the governance workforce in the private sector. This has never been done in any empirical study before. The approach allows to present an original conception of the influence model of evaluation and the planning evaluation relationship factors.
Business model patterns for 3D printer manufacturers
Authors: Holzmann Patrick , Breitenecker Robert J. , Schwarz Erich J.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the business models that 3D printer manufacturers apply to commercialize their technologies. The authors investigate these business models and analyze whether there are business model patterns. The paper describes the gestalt of the business model patterns and discusses differences and similarities.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors review the literatures on business models and 3D printing technology. The authors apply a componential business model approach and carry out an in-depth analysis of the business models of 48 3D printer manufacturers in Europe and North America. The authors develop a framework focusing on value proposition, value creation and value capture components. Cluster analysis is used to identify business model patterns.

Findings

The results indicate that there are two distinct business model patterns in the industry. The authors termed these patterns the “low-cost online business model” and the “technology expert business model.” The results demonstrate that there is a relationship between business model and technology. The identified patterns are independent of age, company size and country of origin.

Research limitations/implications

The empirical results complement and extend existing literature on business models. The authors contribute to the discussion on business models in the context of novel technology. The technology seems to influence the gestalt of the business model. The sample is limited to European and North American companies and the analysis is based on secondary data.

Originality/value

This is the first empirical study on the business models of 3D printer manufacturers. The authors apply an original mixed-methods approach and develop a framework that can function as a starting point for future research. 3D printer manufacturers can use the identified business model patterns as blueprints to reduce the risk of failure or as a starting point for business model innovation.
Students’ perceptions of barriers to moderate drinking
Authors: Tran Khai Trieu , Robertson Kirsten , Thyne Maree
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This study aims to explore the barriers that prevent students from moderating their drinking by comparing attitudes towards moderation in a wet (New Zealand) and dry (Vietnam) drinking culture and examines whether these barriers can be understood by applying an ecological framework.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative survey involving a written vignette was conducted with a sample of 226 and 277 undergraduates from New Zealand and Vietnam, respectively. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Findings

The analysis reveals that students perceive several barriers to moderate drinking at the intrapersonal level (e.g. positive attitude towards drinking), interpersonal level (e.g. peer pressure) and environmental level (e.g. socialising activities), suggesting that an ecological framework is useful for understanding drinking cultures. The response variations between the two countries provide novel insights into cultural differences in students’ perceptions, with external factors being more important and influential in the wet culture and internal influences being of more concern in the dry culture.

Practical implications

The findings highlight that students in the wet drinking culture do not take personal responsibility for their drinking and suggest that social marketing should move beyond individualistic approaches and towards the disruption of drinking cultures/practices, in pursuit of a healthier drinking culture.

Originality/value

This study provides novel insights into the barriers and facilitators of moderating drinking. Further, the findings demonstrate the value of a holistic ecological framework for understanding student drinking cultures. The comparison between two diverse cultures revealed how insights from one culture can help to understand deep-seated practices and meanings in another.
Korean MLB players: the effects of motives and identification on fan loyalty
Authors: Chung Kyu-soo , Brown Christopher , Willett Jennifer
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that motivate Korean baseball fans to support Korean Major League Baseball (MLB) players and to identify the effects of the motivations on identification and behavioral loyalty.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire at three Korean universities. A model was designed to see which three motivations (commitment to Korean baseball, interests in MLB and ethnic identity) affect loyalty behaviors to support Korean MLB players. In the model, the mediating effect of player identification is set to the relation between the three motivations and behavioral loyalty. The moderating effect of team identification is also set to the relation between player identification and behavioral loyalty. Collected data (n=294) were first analyzed via confirmatory factor analysis to ascertain the factor structure of the study model. Then, the study performed a structural equation modeling which finds the magnitude and significance of each causal path among designed factors.

Findings

All the effects were found to be significantly positive except team identification whose moderating effect was not significant. Interests in MLB had the greatest impact on the fan’s player identification followed by commitment to the Korean baseball league and their ethnic identity. It was also found that the influence of player identification was positive on behavioral loyalty.

Originality/value

This work can help MLB expand their fan base internationally, especially in Asian countries.
Assessing the survival of shirt sponsorships in English football: an exchange theory perspective
Authors: Jensen Jonathan A. , Mishra Akash , Averick Mara
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Over the past several years, growth in sponsorship spending has surpassed that of traditional marketing and promotional approaches, as it has become an indispensable part of the marketing mix. Yet, despite considerable advances in the application of analytics across the sport industry, sponsorship revenue forecasting still largely relies on a decades-old methodology. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

This research seeks to assist sport organizations by applying more advanced survival analysis methodologies to the study of shirt sponsorships of football clubs, utilizing more than 300 sponsorships of every team that has competed in the English Premier League (EPL) over the past 25 years.

Findings

The analysis of the lifetimes of shirt sponsorships provides several insights for those employed by European football clubs and tasked with managing these increasingly lucrative sponsorships. Notably, tests confirmed that survivor functions of EPL shirt sponsorships are significantly different than those that appeared solely in English Football League (EFL) Championship play. In addition, results found that the median lifetimes of shirt sponsorships of EPL clubs were more than one year longer, when compared to EFL clubs.

Originality/value

This research marks the first attempt in the literature to apply survival analysis methods to describe the lifetimes of European football shirt sponsorships. The results provide empirical evidence that the potential effects of promotion or relegation could have consequences for football clubs in the tens of millions of dollars, and illustrate the importance of providing those tasked with managing such partnerships with more advanced methodologies to assist in the organization’s sponsorship revenue forecasting activities.
A directed content analysis of viewpoints on the changing patterns of Lean Six Sigma research
Authors: Rodgers Bryan A. , Antony Jiju , He Zhen , Cudney Elizabeth A. , Laux Chad
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper, builds on previous studies that explored the research patterns over 15 years, is to consider the current status of the integration of Lean and Six Sigma. More specifically, this research addresses whether Lean and Six Sigma are stronger together and explores the reasons why Lean researchers and practitioners may be less likely to integrate Six Sigma in their work.

Design/methodology/approach

The research utilises a survey of 25 established and respected academics and practitioners from 16 countries. The questionnaire is analysed using a direct content approach and coded in NVivo.

Findings

The findings suggest that challenges may lie in the perception and understanding of statistics as well as short-term rather than long-term focus on improvement. The findings also suggest that academics and practitioners believe that Lean Six Sigma has developed over time and will continue to develop and improve as a methodology rather than being replaced with a new methodology.

Research limitations/implications

The survey has a sample size of 25, albeit all respondents are established and very experienced practitioners and academics.

Practical implications

For organisations that are introducing or refreshing their continuous improvement initiatives, this research identifies some of the challenges and provides the opportunity to address them to maximise the opportunities for success and sustainability.

Originality/value

The value of this paper is that it further addresses the debate over the integration of Lean and Six Sigma for many organisations which still employ Lean alone, but beyond this it explores how they will continue to develop and whether they are a permanent edition to the quality management landscape or a transition to something else.
Healthcare service quality: a methodology for servicescape re-design using Taguchi approach
Authors: G. Rejikumar , Asokan Ajitha Aswathy , Nair Malavika S. , Sreedharan V. Raja
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify major healthcare service quality (HSQ) dimensions, their most preferred service levels, and their effect on HSQ perceptions of patients using a Taguchi experiment.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted a sequential incidence technique to identify factors relevant in HSQ and examined the relative importance of different factor levels in the service journey using Taguchi experiment.

Findings

For HSQ, the optimum factor levels are online appointment booking facility with provision to review and modify appointments; a separate reception for booked patients; provision to meet the doctor of choice; prior detailing of procedures; doctor on call facility to the room of stay; electronic sharing of discharge summary, an online payment facility. Consultation phase followed by the stay and then procedures have maximum effect on S/N and mean responses of patients. The appointment stage has a maximum effect on standard deviations.

Research limitations/implications

Theoretically, this study attempted to address the dearth of research on service settings using robust methodologies like Taguchi experiment, which is popular in the manufacturing sector. The study implies the need for patient-centric initiatives for better HSQ through periodic experiments that inform about the changing priorities of patients.

Practical implications

The trade-off between standardization and customization create challenges in healthcare. Practically, a classification of processes based on standardization vs customization potential is useful to revamp processes for HSQ.

Originality/value

This study applied the Taguchi approach to get insights in re-designing a patient-centric healthcare servicescapes.
Quality management principles and school quality
Authors: Elahi Fazal , Ilyas Muhammad
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to test the relationship of process approach (PA), customer focus approach (CFA) and school quality with the moderation of professional certification of school principal to fill the gap of quality management practices in private schools.

Design/methodology/approach

Study applied quantitative design with the sample of 401 principals of private schools. Questionnaires were adapted from different studies, and pilot study was carried out. Confirmatory factor analysis was done along with structural equation modeling.

Findings

Results indicate that the process approach has a significant effect on functional quality and academic quality of schools. Customer focus approach medicates the relationship of process approach and functional quality. The study found no evidence of the relationship of moderation of professional certification of school principal with process approach, functional quality and academic quality.

Practical implications

Study contributed through the generation of new dimensions of school quality, putting professional degree of school principal as a moderator and by providing basis to understand the implementation of quality management system in schools. The outcomes of study will guide school managers to implement the process management approach to improve the school quality.

Originality/value

Originality of the study is defined in three ways; first, it is first study that examines the relationship of process approach, customer focus approach and school quality with the moderation of professional certification of principal. Second, it chooses “single” schools that have not been subject of any quantitative research exclusively. Third, it is a first attempt to examine the working of private schools in Pakistan with respect to quality management principles.
Sustaining ISO 9001-based QMS in higher education: a reality?
Authors: Ab Wahid Roslina
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe how a large public university sustains its ISO 9001 quality management system (QMS) for the past 20 years. At the same time, this paper also provides a snapshot on the problems and challenges faced and overcame by the university in its quality journey.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a case study and therefore it describes interventions and experiences within the university as the subject understudy.

Findings

There are four main phases of QMS that the university has undergone, namely, initiation, internalisation, alignment and improvement in the last 20 years. Critical success factors for implementing and maintaining the QMS are commitment from people, training and good communication. Some of the problems and challenges encountered have included a lack of knowledge and understanding of the processes and standards, lack of relevant skills, lack of commitment and cooperation from people, lack of resources and poor communication.

Originality/value

This paper provides insights into the world of QMS’s sustainability in a large public university that will be useful as a guide for academic managers and administrators. It also presents the issues of transitioning from the previous to the current standard experienced by the university which has not been discussed by many.
Prospective Applications of Cold Plasma for Processing Poultry Products: Benefits, Effects on Quality Attributes, and Limitations
Authors: Gavahian Mohsen , Chu Yan‐Hwa , Jo Cheorun
Published: June 2019

Eliminating the pathogens from the chicken egg and meat is of supreme value for food scientists. In this regard, researchers have explored the potential applications of cold plasma, as a promising technique, to increase the profitability of poultry farming and safety of the poultry products. In the present study, an overview of the conducted research on plasma treatment of poultry products is presented to highlight the potential benefits of this emerging technology for the food and poultry industries. The potential negative effects of plasma treatment on the quality attributes of the product are also discussed. Moreover, the limitations of this technology and considerations for its commercial applications are illustrated. Furthermore, the needs for future research in this area of science are pointed out. Several studies have confirmed the applicability of cold plasma for egg and chicken decontamination. Considering the number of the recently conducted research and on‐going advances in plasma science, this technique may assist food producers in enhancing the poultry product safety in the near future.
Conditions Governing Food Protein Amyloid Fibril Formation. Part II: Milk and Legume Proteins
Authors: Lambrecht Marlies A. , Jansens Koen J.A. , Rombouts Ine , Brijs Kristof , Rousseau Frederic , Schymkowitz Joost , Delcour Jan A.
Published: June 2019

Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors impact amyloid formation of food proteins. We here review the impact of various conditions and food constituents on amyloid fibrillation of milk and legume proteins. Much less is known about casein and legume protein amyloid‐like fibril formation than about that of whey proteins such as β‐lactoglobulin, α‐lactalbumin, and bovine serum albumin. Proteins of both sources are often studied after heating under strong acidic (pH < 3) conditions. The latter induces changes in protein conformation and often peptide hydrolysis. At higher pH values, alcohols, chaotropic and/or reducing agents induce the conformational changes required to enhance fibrillation. Different types of food proteins can impact each other's fibrillation. Also, the presence of other food constituents can enhance or reduce it. No general conclusions on the mechanisms or impact of different food constituents on food proteins can be made. Optimal conditions for AF formation, that is, heating for several days at low pH, are rare in food processing. However, this does not exclude the possibility of AF formation in food products. For example, slow cooking of hydrolyzed proteins may enhance it. Future research should focus on the prevalence of AFs in complex food systems or model systems relevant for food processing.
Direct cost of alcohol‐related presentations to Royal Perth Hospital emergency department
Authors: Lingamanaicker Kausalya , Geelhoed Elizabeth , Fatovich Daniel M ,   on behalf of the Alcohol Harm in Emergency Departments (AHED) Investigators
Published: June 2019

Objective

To quantify the direct cost of alcohol‐related presentations to Royal Perth Hospital ED, as part of the binational Alcohol Harm in Emergency Departments study.

Methods

Secondary analysis of a prospective observational study of all ED presentations over a 168‐h period in December 2014. Direct costs for health service usage were based on activity‐based costing methodologies from the Royal Perth Hospital Business Intelligence Unit. Patients were classified as either alcohol positive or alcohol negative (using predetermined criteria) to determine the direct cost of these presentations.

Results

Of the 213 alcohol‐positive presentations in the original study, 206 had costing data available. Direct cost of care in the ED for alcohol‐positive patients was $121 619 across all age groups during the study week (annual estimate $6.3 million). This cost was largely driven by injuries. On average, the direct cost of care in the ED was $590 per alcohol‐positive and $575 per alcohol‐negative patient. Costs of care provided in the ED were largely attributable to ED (72%) and radiology (17%) services. Extrapolation using mean costs for the patients without costing data, the study week cost was $144 629, with the annual estimate $7.5 million.

Conclusions

Alcohol‐related presentations to the ED are a significant public health burden. If the study week is representative, the annual cost is substantial. Although the direct mean cost of presentations to the ED is similar between alcohol‐positive and alcohol‐negative patients, these presentations would not have occurred without the influence of alcohol.
Review article: Impact of 12‐lead electrocardiography system of care on emergency medical service delays in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Alrawashdeh Ahmad , Nehme Ziad , Williams Brett , Stub Dion
Published: June 2019

To assess the impact of prehospital 12‐lead electrocardiography (PH ECG) on emergency medical service (EMS) delay in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), we systematically searched five online electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, Cochrane Library and CINAHL, between 1990 and August 2017. Controlled trials and observational studies comparing EMS time delays with and without PH ECG in STEMI patients were eligible. Two reviewers independently screened studies for eligibility, extracted data and appraised study quality. The primary outcome was the time elapsed between scene arrival and hospital arrival. The secondary outcomes were response time, scene time, transport time and emergency call‐to‐hospital arrival time. Random effects models were used to pool weighted mean differences in EMS delay. Seven moderate‐quality studies (two controlled trials and five observational) involving 81 005 participants were included in the data synthesis. The primary treatment strategy was in‐hospital thrombolysis and percutaneous coronary intervention in four and three studies, respectively. PH ECG was associated with a 7.0 min increase in scene arrival‐to‐hospital arrival time (three studies; n = 80 628; 95% CI 6.7–7.2; I2 = 0.0%) and a 2.9 min increase in scene time (four studies; n = 377; 95% CI 1.2–4.6; I2 = 0.0%). PH ECG had no effect on transport or call‐to‐hospital intervals, although both measures showed evidence of heterogeneity. In patients with STEMI, PH ECG is associated with a modest increase in EMS delays. Measurement and improvement of EMS system delays may help to expedite treatment for STEMI.
Changes in nutrition and dietetic research: A content analysis of the past decade of Dietitians Association of Australia conference abstracts
Authors: Porter Judi , Bristow Claire , Charlton Karen , Tapsell Linda , Choi Tammie
Published: June 2019

Aim

As a sample of research outputs supported by the nutrition and dietetics profession in Australia, the present study aimed to conduct a content analysis of Dietitians Association of Australia (DAA) conference abstracts to identify themes, methods and contribution by geographical location over time.

Methods

Conference abstracts published during the period 2008‐2018 (excluding those from the International Congress of Dietetics in 2012) were obtained. Key outcome data including topics of research and methodological approach were extracted. Leximancer, a computer‐assisted content analysis program, was used in the development of concept maps. Thematic analysis was undertaken independently by two authors and consensus was obtained.

Results

A total of 2246 oral and poster presentation abstracts and 56 plenary abstracts were imported and synthesised. The most commonly utilised research designs were cross‐sectional studies and evaluation research. There was a significant increase in the proportion of systematic literature reviews, and a decreasing proportion of randomised controlled trials presented across the study period. Output was greatest from authors in Queensland and New South Wales. A clear spike in abstracts was observed for the host state across all years. Since 2015 concept maps appeared more interconnected, suggesting a trend for research focus towards integrated nutrition topics. Overarching themes for emerging research topics included Indigenous nutrition and the curriculum for dietetics education. Food/foods emerged as a theme across multiple research methods and in a wide range of contexts and settings.

Conclusions

The synthesis of findings suggests that research presented at the DAA conference is largely practice driven.
Alcohol Use Disorders in ICD‐11: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Saunders John B. , Degenhardt Louisa , Reed Geoffrey M. , Poznyak Vladimir
Published: June 2019

The Eleventh Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11) was formally published in May 2019. Alcohol use disorders form a key part of the section of Disorders due to Substance Use and Addictive Behaviours. This review describes and discusses the alcohol diagnoses within this section of ICD‐11, including Alcohol Dependence, Harmful Pattern of Use of Alcohol, and entities such as Alcohol Intoxication, Alcohol Withdrawal, and several alcohol‐induced mental disorders, and briefly covers Hazardous Alcohol Use, which is listed separately as a health risk factor. We summarize the historical background to the development of these diagnoses, including work within the World Health Organization since the 1970s, and the corresponding diagnoses in the current ICD‐10. The process by which ICD‐11 diagnoses have been made is described and may be summarized as a conceptual–pragmatic–confirmatory one. The available empirical data supporting the ICD‐11 diagnoses are presented, particularly in relation to the diagnostic guidelines for Alcohol Dependence. Comparison is made with the corresponding diagnoses in ICD‐10 and their nearest counterparts in the fourth and fifth editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Field testing of the ICD‐11 diagnoses is currently in progress. A plea is made for matching of diagnoses, diagnostic guidelines/criteria, and the assessment tools intended to capture these diagnoses.
Mycoplasma genitaliumincidence, treatment failure, and resistance: a retrospective survey of men of infertile couples from a hospital in China
Authors: Li W. N. , Shi L. , Long X.Y. , Li Y. , Zhu W.B. , Liu G.
Published: June 2019

Background

Mycoplasma genitaliuminfection is significantly associated with an increased risk of male infertility. To date, few largeM. genitaliumstudies have been conducted in China.

Objective

This study aimed to estimate theM. genitaliumincidence and treatment failure and to provide information regarding the resistance ofM. genitaliumto macrolide and tetracycline antibiotics among men of infertile couples in China.

Materials and Methods

This study was performed as a retrospective survey of seminal and meatus urinarius secreta specimens of 30,094 men of infertile couples collected and used for microbiological tests for the evaluation of genital tract infections (Mycoplasma genitalium,Chlamydia trachomatis,andNeisseria gonorrhoeae) between October 2016 and December 2017.Mycoplasma genitaliumRNAwas detected using novel simultaneous amplification testing. Macrolide and tetracycline resistance screening was introduced using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing.

Results

The incidence ofM. genitaliumwas 2.49% (749 of 30,094; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.31–2.66%). After antibiotic treatment, the mean values of semen parameters increased from those measured before treatment. The overall incidence of treatment failure was 17.56% (82/467; 95%CI, 14.10%–21.02%) (112−26−4 = 82), irrespective of the drug used. Resistance to macrolide and tetracycline antibiotics was detected in 58 samples (58/60, 96.67%; 95%CI, 91.99–101.34%) and 27 samples (27/60, 45.00%; 95%CI, 32.04–57.96%), respectively.

Conclusions

Although theM. genitaliumincidence was relatively low, the detection of macrolide antibiotic resistance in >96.67% of the treatment failure samples most likely explained the high azithromycin treatment failure rate (73/195, 37.44%) in our study. These findings indicate the need to provide resistance testing and to reappraise the recommended antimicrobial options in China.
Testing two variances for superiority/non‐inferiority and equivalence: Using the exhaustion algorithm for sample size allocation with cost
Authors: Guo Jiin‐huarng , Luh Wei‐ming
Published: June 2019

The equality of two group variances is frequently tested in experiments. However, criticisms of null hypothesis statistical testing on means have recently arisen and there is interest in other types of statistical tests of hypotheses, such as superiority/non‐inferiority and equivalence. Although these tests have become more common in psychology and social sciences, the corresponding sample size estimation for these tests is rarely discussed, especially when the sampling unit costs are unequal or group sizes are unequal for two groups. Thus, for finding optimal sample size, the present study derived an initial allocation by approximating the percentiles of anFdistribution with the percentiles of the standard normal distribution and used the exhaustion algorithm to select the best combination of group sizes, thereby ensuring the resulting power reaches the designated level and is maximal with a minimal total cost. In this manner, optimization of sample size planning is achieved. The proposed sample size determination has a wide range of applications and is efficient in terms of Type I errors and statistical power in simulations. Finally, an illustrative example from a report by the Health Survey for England, 1995–1997, is presented using hypertension data. For ease of application, four R Shiny apps are provided and benchmarks for setting equivalence margins are suggested.
Understanding Prosperity in East London: Local Meanings and “Sticky” Measures of the Good Life
Authors: Moore Henrietta L. , Woodcraft Saffron
Published: June 2019

The UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been conceived as a global roadmap for peace, dignity, and prosperity on a healthy planet (UNDP 2016). The SDGs challenge the dominant notion of prosperity as material wealth measured by GDP and rising household incomes; instead prosperity is reframed as a shared condition to be weighed alongside ending poverty, tackling inequalities, and safeguarding the environment. Cities are identified as having a critical role in generating and equitably distributing prosperity on these terms. Reframing prosperity in this way opens up space for new forms of dialogue about what it means for people everywhere to prosper, asking how material wealth, other forms of value, equity, and fairness, and the needs of humans and nonhumans are differentially understood and acted on. Yet this article argues that prosperity is understudied and undertheorized by social scientists. A new research agenda, driven by empirical studies in diverse urban contexts, must form the basis for new theoretical insights and policy formation that will drive action on prosperity in the years to come. Presenting new empirical work from community‐led research in three east London neighborhoods, the article examines prosperity as a lived experience in comparison to policy goal, demonstrating how context‐specific meanings and practices challenge the orthodox models and metrics that currently dominate policymaking. The authors demonstrate how situated and engaged research with local residents and citizen scientists provides the basis for developing new prosperity metrics that reflect issues of specific value and concern to individuals and communities in east London.
Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement as a threat to iconic protected areas
Authors: Qin Siyu , Golden Kroner Rachel E. , Cook Carly , Tesfaw Anteneh T. , Braybrook Rowan , Rodriguez Carlos Manuel , Poelking Claire , Mascia Michael B.
Published: June 2019

Protected areas (PAs) are expected to conserve nature and provide ecosystem services in perpetuity, yet widespread protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD) may compromise these objectives. Even iconic protected areas are vulnerable to PADDD, although these PADDD events are often unrecognized. We identified 23 enacted and proposed PADDD events within World Natural Heritage Sites and examined the history, context, and consequences of PADDD events in 4 iconic PAs (Yosemite National Park, Arabian Oryx Sanctuary, Yasuní National Park, and Virunga National Park). Based on insights from published research and international workshops, these 4 cases revealed the diverse pressures brought on by competing interests to develop or exploit natural landscapes and the variety of mechanisms that enables PADDD. Knowledge gaps exist in understanding of the conditions through which development pressures translate to PADDD events and their impacts, partially due to a lack of comprehensive PADDD records. Future research priorities should include comprehensive regional and country‐level profiles and analysis of risks, impacts, and contextual factors related to PADDD. Policy options to better govern PADDD include improving tracking and reporting of PADDD events, establishing transparent PADDD policy processes, coordinating among legal frameworks, and mitigating negative impacts of PADDD. To support PADDD research and policy reforms, enhanced human and financial capacities are needed to train local researchers and to host publicly accessible data. As the conservation community considers the achievements of Aichi Target 11 and moves toward new biodiversity targets beyond 2020, researchers, practitioners, and policy makers need to work together to better track, assess, and govern PADDD globally.
Energy‐efficient dyeing of nylon 6 using indigo powder dyestuff after atmospheric plasma treatment at ambient pressure
Authors: Fan Fei , Wu Yingzhu , Wu Xunxin
Published: June 2019

Nylon 6 was treated with a dielectric barrier discharge, i.e. atmospheric plasma at ordinary air pressure. Factors influencing the dyeing process of nylon 6 using indigo blue powder were studied. The mechanism and effect of this dyeing technology were compared with those of conventional technology. Dyeing after plasma treatment at 30–50 °C can produce high dye uptake in a short time. Notably, dyeing after plasma treatment is beneficial for energy conservation. However, at 60–70 °C, the K/S values of plasma‐treatment dyeing sharply increased over a short time, after which they remained largely unchanged. This finding indicated that the dyeing mechanism changed. The speed constant of dyeing after plasma treatment is 2.8 times that of conventional dyeing. The K/S values of dyeing samples after plasma treatment approached the dyeing saturation K/S value in a short time; therefore, this method of dyeing after plasma treatment achieves energy conservation and efficiency in a brief period of time. Conversely, conventional dyeing is more effective at high temperatures but consumes more energy. The adaptive electro‐discharge condition is achieved under the treatment conditions of 375 W for 2 min. The chromatic aberration of the dyed samples after plasma treatment is smaller than that of conventional dyeing at 50 °C for 75 min.
What does race mean in neurodisability studies?
Authors: Dan Bernard
Published: June 2019

Video Podcast: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KK9XZZ7NJM0
Challenging the boundaries of child neurology in Asia and Oceania
Authors: Chi Ching‐Shiang
Published: June 2019

Mandarin, Japanese, and Korean translations of this editorial are available in the online issue.