bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
РІВНЯННЯ НЕСТАЦІОНАРНОЇ ЗАДАЧІ ТЕПЛОПРОВІДНОСТІ КОНСТРУКТИВНОГО ВУЗЛА ТЕРМОМЕТРИЧНОГО ПРИСТРОЮ СИСТЕМ ОЗБРОЄННЯ ТА ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ТЕХНІКИ
Authors: Бардин Т. , Дробенко В.
Published: December 2023

Means of contact thermometry are widely used in various complexes of devices of weapons systems and military equipment. Such means basically involve the use of mechanical contact, in particular, bimetallic temperature transmitters, which are the most widely used thermometer variants in practice. To ensure the proper level of metrological and operational characteristics of bimetallic thermometers, reliable and adequate methods of calculating thermodynamic parameters (distributions of temperature, deformations, stresses caused by force and temperature loads) of the bimetallic package are necessary. The presented work describes an approach to the calculation of non-stationary temperature distribution in a solid-state element of a complex shape, which simulates the operation of a bimetallic thermometer sensor using the contact method. The calculated dependences obtained are the basis for modeling bimetallic thermometers of various structural forms and standard sizes. In order to constructively improve the thermometric system, it is proposed to make bimetallic plates non-one-pieces, but with additional structural inclusions, in the presence of which the temperature distribution and, accordingly, the stress state will approach to uniaxial one.
Keywords: differential equations, integration constants, displays of primary heat exchangers, calculation dependencies, information transfer, metrological, operational characteristics, temperature, density, thermal conductivity of the medium.
СУЧАСНІ СПОСОБИ ВИРОБНИЦТВА СИНТЕТИЧНИХ КАНЧУКІВ, ЯКІ ЗАСТОСОВУЮТЬСЯ ДЛЯ ВИРОБНИЦТВА ГУМОТЕХНІЧНИХ ВИРОБІВ ДЛЯ ОЗБРОЄННЯ ТА СПЕЦІАЛЬНОЇ ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ТЕХНІКИ
Authors: Зданевич В. , Янюк С. , Олло В. , Фірсов А. , Литвиновський С.
Published: December 2023

The material of the tire in contact with the road and areas adjacent to it is subject to bending, compression, shear and stretching. Efforts change both in magnitude and direction. In the process of operation, the tire material is constantly exposed to oxygen, air and sunlight, contact with petroleum products and other materials that have a destructive effect.
Taking into account the conditions of operation and work for automobile tires and rubber products used in the OSVT of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the following requirements are imposed:
 to be elastic and soften the shocks perceived by the wheel from the road, which reduces the load on the car parts and the road, increases the comfort of the ride and the safety of the transported goods;
 to ensure the safety of car movement, including at high speeds;
 have the necessary strength and wear resistance, which ensure a long service life;
 be inexpensive and do not require scarce raw materials for production;
 to ensure high passability, longitudinal and lateral stability of the car;
 work reliably in different temperature regimes of the environment;
 do not make significant noise while driving the car;
 ensure reliable fastening on the wheel rim, convenience and ease of installation and disassembly operations from it; do not damage the road covering;
The use of automobile tires with the specified properties will provide an opportunity for high-quality performance of combat and logistical tasks.
During hostilities, the wear and tear of automobile tires and other rubber products used on automobiles and special military equipment significantly increases.
The main type of tire damage in during the fightiny is rolling on paved roads with energy expenditure on internal friction during overloading of the tire material (hysteresis, which leads to its heating and reduced mechanical strength), the influence of external factors, intensity, etc.
An urgent problem in the Armed Forces is the ut lisation of used and damaged car tires, taking into account the conduct of various combat operations. The development of methods of utilization and recycling of tires will provide an opportunity to solve logistical and environmental problems.
Keywords: fuels and lubricants, technical fluids, automobile tires, rubber, polymers, armament military and special equipment.
КОМПЛЕКТУВАННЯ ПОЛІГОНУ НАВЧАЛЬНО-ТРЕНУВАЛЬНИМИ ЗАСОБАМИ ДЛЯ ПІДГОТОВКИ ОПЕРАТОРІВ БЕЗПІЛОТНИХ ЛЕТАЛЬНИХ АПАРАТІВ
Authors: Герасимов С. , Чернявський О. , Нанівський Р. , Ільків І. , Смичок В.
Published: December 2023

It is substantiated that the loss of a control signal or a GPS navigation signal led more often to the loss of an unmanned aerial vehicle (drone). Therefore, when training drone operators, it is suggested to simulate the situation of loss of GPS navigation control signals. At the same time, the use of the Wi-Fi FPV video information transmission channel is proposed. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the proposals for technical equipping of the test site with educational and training facilities for the training of operators of unmanned aerial vehicles. Advantages and disadvantages of drone control systems with the help of an operator (using streaming video in real time) and GPS navigation equipment are considered. It is shown that computer technologies are the basis of educational and training tools and systems of a modern training ground, which make it possible to significantly increase the effectiveness of combat training of both an individual soldier and the coherence of the actions of entire units. With their help, on the basis of appropriate mathematical procedures, the environment is simulated with fairly high accuracy and a realistic picture of combat operations is reproduced. Further integration of modern software products into training equipment allows to expand their functional capabilities in the direction of increasing the quality characteristics of training while simultaneously minimizing material, resource and time costs. This will make it possible to combine separate types of weapons and military equipment, simulators of control devices, into a single training and modeling system for tactical personnel training in a single training complex.
Keywords: abstract virtual models, algorithms, combat training, reproduction of environmental conditions, information processing tools, computer and information technologies, mathematical procedures, educational and training tools, tactical and technical requirements, artificial intelligence, machine learning, programs.
МЕТОДИКА ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ КІЛЬКІСНОГО СКЛАДУ БЕЗПІЛОТНИХ СИСТЕМ ДЛЯ ДОСТАВКИ ВАНТАЖІВ
Authors: Братченко Г. , Гончарук А. , Абрамов С. , Лукаш Р. , Яструбенко О.
Published: December 2023

It is possible to reduce human losses during the cargo delivery to units on the battlefield with the use of unmanned systems (UMSs), including logistical unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) of various groups carrying capacity and unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). The urgent task is to determine the required number of unmanned cargo delivery systems in the interests of the mechanized infantry battalion.
The method of determining the number of unmanned cargo delivery systems for the logistical means (LM) transportation to the units of the mechanized infantry battalion is described. The optimality criterion of the selected composition of the system is the maximum efficiency-cost ratio (ECR) under the condition of transporting the maximum weight of LM required for the battle day from the combat supply point to the units of the mechanized infantry battalion. In this case, the efficiency indicator is the share of the total weight of LM that must be delivered to the units. In order to calculate this indicator, it is necessary to estimate the probability of successful delivery of LM to different battalion units for each UMSs. The cost indicator is the product of the masses of the cargo and energy costs on the delivery route, purchase costs and total costs for operating the UMSs during the forecasted average life of operation in terms of 1 kg of cargo. Two transport tables are built based on the results of the calculations. The first table includes probability weighting factors, and the second includes weighting factors of the cost of delivering LM from a combat supply point to units by various UMSs. For each of these transport problems, the optimal solution is obtained by linear programming methods, and for the ECR, by methods of optimization of problems with a nonlinear objective function, which is illustrated by an example using the "Solver" add-on in the Excel spreadsheet processor.
Keywords: logistic support, unmanned systems, logistical unmanned ground vehicles, unmanned aircraft systems, load capacity, cargo delivery, efficiency-cost, optimization of an amount.
E-WATER METER UNTUK SMART CITY BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI LORA
Authors: Suhartono Aan Anto , Rintiasti Aneke
Published: December 2023

Pencatatan pemakaian air secara manual menunjukkan hasil yang kurang efektif dalam aplikasinya. Monitoring konsumsi air dapat dilakukan secara real time dengan Teknologi Informasi (TI) melalui Internet of Things (IoT). Teknologi nirkabel yang mempunyai keunggulan berdaya pancar rendah dengan cakupan luas adalah perangkat Long Range (LoRa). Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang bangun sistem IoT e-Water Meter untuk Smart City yang dapat mengetahui kuantitas penggunaan air melalui monitoring nirkabel  secara real time berbasis Teknologi LoRa. E-Water Meter diintegrasikan dengan Modul LoRa tipe SX1276 yang bekerja pada frekuensi 920 MHz – 923 MHz sesuai dengan alokasi frekuensi LoRa di Indonesia. Tahapan metode penelitian yang dilakukan diantaranya : desain e-Water Meter dengan modul LoRa, setup gateway LoRa,  uji coba arsitektur jaringan Lora, sistem billing dan analisis data. Prototipe E-Water Meter berhasil mengirimkan data konsumsi air secara nirkabel  dan real time dengan tingkat galat 0,79% dan telah memenuhi persyaratan SNI 2547-2008. LoRa menggunakan frekuensi  kerja 921 MHz. Kekuatan sinyal  LoRa pada e-Water Meter mencapai level Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI)  tertinggi = -82 dBm dan terendah = -120 dBm.
The Relationship Between Toothbrushing Habits and the Prevalence of Caries and Calculus in School-Age Children Grades 1-6 at Galilea Hosana School Elementary School, Medan Selayang District of North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Molek  , Mangatas Hutagalung  , Aldi H. Theo Braga Bangun
Published: December 2023

School-aged children constitute a demographic that encounters dental and oral health issues. Poor oral and dental hygiene is associated with the development of caries and calculus. The objective of the study was to establish the relationship between teeth brushing practices and the occurrence of dental caries and calculus in elementary school children from grades 1-6 at Galilea Hosana School, located in the Medan Selayang District of North Sumatra. The research conducted at Galilea Hosana School Elementary School, Medan Selayang District, is a descriptive-analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The research sample consisted of 64 elementary school pupils enrolled at Galilea Hosana School, located in the Medan Selayang District. The students were from grades 1 to 6. The data were gathered through the administration of questionnaires and the physical inspection of the mouth cavity and teeth. The Kruskal-Wallis statistical test was employed to examine the data. The research findings indicated that the mean calculus score for students was 1.40 ± 0.74, which falls within the category of moderate calculus. On the other hand, the average scores for caries DEFT and DMFT among students were 2.02 ± 2.36 and 1.42 ± 2.06, respectively, placing them in the low caries category. Out of the total number of students, 29 (45.3%) had sufficient tooth-brushing habits, while 19 kids (29.7%) had commendable tooth-brushing practices. Only 16 students (25%) had inadequate tooth-brushing habits. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a statistically significant association (p≤0.05) between teeth brushing behaviors and the occurrence of caries and calculus in school-age children in grades 1-6 at Galilea Hosana School Elementary School, located in the Medan Selayang District of North Sumatra. The research findings indicate a direct relationship between poor tooth-brushing habits and increased levels of calculus and caries.
The Application of Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) Analysis Method as the Basis of Stock Investment Decision Making: Study of 18 Technology Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Setya Negara Ade Irma
Published: December 2023

This study aims to determine the application of the capital asset pricing model method as a basis for consideration in making stock investment decisions (study on shares of technology companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange). The research variable is based on the concept of the Capital Asset Pricing Model. This research is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The population in this study is 27 shares of technology companies that have been listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period November 2020-October 2022, while the sample is 18 company shares which is selected based on purposive sampling technique. The data processed is the closing price of shares (closing price) sourced from the IDX. The data was collected by literature study and data collection from several websites, including:(www.idx.co.id, www.finance.yahoo.com, https://www.bi.go.id and www.pefindo.com.) Data analysis is carried out by using the stages of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) which starts from collecting stock closing price data to classifying stocks as investment decisions. The results of this study indicate that there is a unidirectional or non-linear relationship between systematic risk and the expected rate of return. There are 7 stocks that are included in the efficient stock category, and 11 stocks that are included in the inefficient stock category. Thus, the investment decision is to buy in efficient stocks and to sell in inefficient stocks if they have them.
Contribution of Adventure Recreation Infrastructure to Sustainable Rural Livelihood in Nyeri, Kenya
Authors: Gitau Bilha Nyambura , Misiko Asborn Juma , Ndivo Rayviscic Mutinda
Published: December 2023

It is becoming more common for governments to acknowledge adventure tourism as a strategy for responsible and sustainable economic growth that is beneficial to society. This form of tourism has the potential to improve rural livelihoods by providing smallholders with multiple alternatives and opportunities to increase non-farm income. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of adventure recreation development to rural livelihoods in Nyeri County, Kenya. The specific objective of the study was to examine the effects of adventure recreation infrastructure development on rural livelihood in Nyeri County. The study adopted an exploratory research design. The target population was 248,050 household heads. The sample size was 384 respondents comprising rural household heads within Nyeri County. Cluster sampling was used for the study to divide the sample size into smaller groups (the Eight sub-counties in Nyeri County), while simple random sampling was used to distribute the sample size proportionally among the eight sub-counties. Primary data was collected through questionnaires where closed-ended questions were used. The questionnaire responses were collected using a 5-point Likert scale where 1 indicated strong disagreement, and 5 indicated strong agreement with each statement. Additionally, structured interviews were done for the respondents who had difficulties reading and writing. In this case, the questionnaire was used as an interview guide. The findings revealed that adventure recreation infrastructural development significantly (10.2%) contributed to rural livelihood. Therefore, to enhance the rural livelihoods in Nyeri County, there is a need for the national and county governments to develop more adventure recreation infrastructure and upgrade the existing ones.
Community Participation in Management of Environmental Pollution in Thika Town, Kenya
Authors: Wa Teresia Ndikaru
Published: December 2023

The residents of Thika Town in Kenya have long grappled with environmental degradation, primarily driven by its status as an industrial hub housing over 20 factories engaged in local and international productions. This industrial activities coupled with urban expansion to accommodate a growing population has adversely affected the town's environmental sustainability. This study investigates the role of community participation in addressing environmental pollution in Thika town. The study's objectives were assessing community awareness about environmental pollution, understanding the impacts of pollution on local communities, and evaluating the extent of community involvement in pollution management. The research was conducted in four residential estates namely Makongeni, Umoja, Kiboko and Landless within Thika town. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study collected both quantitative and qualitative data through questionnaires and interviews, with quantitative data being analysed descriptively using statistical software. The study identified water and air pollution and solid waste pollution as significant environmental concerns, primarily attributed to industrial emissions, affluence, and sewage. These forms of pollution resulted in various adverse consequences, including respiratory illnesses, structural damage, increased livestock, and human mortality. The study revealed lack of community engagement as a substantial portion of residents were not part of community-based organizations focused on environmental education and advocacy, highlighting a significant gap contributing to ongoing environmental degradation. The study recommends sensitization campaigns to raise awareness among residents about their role in environmental degradation and encourage the adoption of eco-friendly behaviours. Additionally, it underscores the need for policy formulation and implementation to address inadequate waste disposal practices originating from both domestic and industrial sources within the town. In summary, community involvement and policy intervention are essential components in addressing environmental pollution in Thika town
Uptake of Electronic Medical Record System by Health Workers in Selected Public Hospitals in Kiambu County, Kenya
Authors: Ndemi Caroline Kabura , Otieno George O. , Rucha Kenneth
Published: December 2023

Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) are now exerting a more significant impact on healthcare industry than before. The objective of this study was to find out how public hospitals in Kiambu County were providing health care services using the health information technology. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select 359 participants who met the inclusion criteria out of the entire population of health workers in Kiambu county public facilities. Data was collected using structured and semi structured questionnaires. The study found that majority of respondents were using EMRs during the time of the study. Most of the respondents with internet connectivity utilized the EMRS. Further analysis showed that internet connectivity was 5.3 times more likely to utilize EMRS. The study found that most respondents aged between 40-44 years were utilizing EMRS followed by 30-34 years and 20-24 years. Additionally, more male healthcare workers were utilizing EMRS. Healthcare workers’ who perceived patients' information as secure while using electronic medical record system were more likely to utilize EMRS. Although most healthcare workers disagreed that EMRS takes less time retrieving patient information, the respondents who indicated that the speed in retrieving patient's information was very good were three times more likely to utilize electronic medical record system. Hospital having a power backup system in place or not did not influence the overall uptake of EMRS. The study revealed that at least 89.6% of the healthcare workers utilizing EMRS disagreed that they had adequate knowledge and skills on EMRS operation, this was not significantly associated with uptake of EMRS. In conclusion, most health facilities in Kiambu County are utilizing EMRs with the Ministry of Health at the national and county government required to facilitate continuous training for health workers to promote EMR uptake
Post-translational modulation of cell signalling through protein succinylation
Authors: Kubatzky Katharina F. , Gao Yue , Yu Dayoung
Published: December 2023

Cells need to adapt their activities to extra- and intracellular signalling cues. To translate a received extracellular signal, cells have specific receptors that transmit the signal to downstream proteins so that it can reach the nucleus to initiate or repress gene transcription. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are reversible or irreversible chemical modifications that help to further modulate protein activity. The most commonly observed PTMs are the phosphorylation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues, followed by acetylation, glycosylation, and amidation. In addition to PTMs that involve the modification of a certain amino acid (phosphorylation, hydrophobic groups for membrane localisation, or chemical groups like acylation), or the conjugation of peptides (SUMOylation, NEDDylation), structural changes such as the formation of disulphide bridge, protein cleavage or splicing can also be classified as PTMs. Recently, it was discovered that metabolites from the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle are not only intermediates that support cellular metabolism but can also modify lysine residues. This has been shown for acetate, succinate, and lactate, among others. Due to the importance of mitochondria for the overall fitness of organisms, the regulatory function of such PTMs is critical for protection from aging, neurodegeneration, or cardiovascular disease. Cancer cells and activated immune cells display a phenotype of accelerated metabolic activity known as the Warburg effect. This metabolic state is characterised by enhanced glycolysis, the use of the pentose phosphate pathway as well as a disruption of the TCA cycle, ultimately causing the accumulation of metabolites like citrate, succinate, and malate. Succinate can then serve as a signalling molecule by directly interacting with proteins, by binding to its G protein-coupled receptor 91 (GPR91) and by post-translationally modifying proteins through succinylation of lysine residues, respectively. This review is focus on the process of protein succinylation and its importance in health and disease.
Occlusive Lower-extremity arterial disease: clinical setting and diagnostic imaging
Authors: Mansouri Mohamed , Abuzeid Issa , Sanussi Osama , Thulthi Fauzi , Hewaidi Gebriel
Published: December 2023

Background: The clinical diagnosis of occlusive lower extremity arterial disease (OLEAD is usually clear but certain investigations are needed to confirm the diagnosis and determine extent and severity of the disease for treatment plans. A diagnosis of OLEAD mandates a comprehensive approach involving justification of the clinical features and imaging facilities. Objectives To assess diagnostic accuracy of occlusive lower extremity arterial disease that was based on clinical approach and to compare vascular imaging in Doppler Duplex with CT 64-Multislice Detector Angi. ography. Materials and methods. The study included 53 patients who were admitted in the surgical ward for evaluation and treatment of lower extremity arterial disease from January 2009 through June 2009. Clinical assessment, Doppler Duplex and CT angiography was performed for all patients. Doppler Duplex reports and CT images were compared to determine the extent of the occlusive process. ResultsThere were 41 male and 12 female patients. Pre Imaging clinical diagnosis was determined in all patients. Doppler Duplex was a useful diagnosis of femoropopliteal disease but not in aortoiliac disease. CT angiography was helpful in the diagnosis of aortoiliac disease. It was also helpful in determining the extent of femoropopliteal disease and assessment of collateral circulation. Conclusion: A combination of clinical assessment, Doppler Duplex and CT angiography is necessary for perfect diagnosis and planning of treatment. Doppler Duplex in expert hands is a useful modality for estimation of a diseased segment in the infrainguinal region but not for aorta iliac arteries.
Assessment of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC% of Adult Smokers and Compare with that of Nonsmokers
Authors: Albadri Agaela , Fallah Nagib
Published: December 2023

Smoking is most common in Libya state, where about two thirds of all adults Smoke tobacco; cigarette smoking is by far the most common. SHby far the most common. Smoking is the primary cause of chronic obstructive lung disease, chronic bronchitis and piratory symptoms. Many studies have shown a nificant change of FVC, FEVI & FEV1/FVC% in adult smokers. Obje kers. Objective: To assess the change of FVC, FE & FEV1/FVC% in adult male smokers. Method: This cross-sectiond: This cross-sectional comparative study was carried out the Department of Physiology, Medical faculty, Benghazi and Chelty, Benghazi and Chest clinic Benghazi Medical center (BMC), 1 February 2012 orary, 2017 to 30th August, 2017. For this purpose. 90 adult male subjects ranging from 18 to 52 years 4. The subjects were divided into two groups - A and B. Group A consisted of 30 apparently healthy adult male non-smokers. Group B consisted of 60 apparently healthy adult ently healthy adult male smokers. The experimento group was again subdivided into group B1 consisting of 20 smokers consuming consuming 2-10 cigarettes/day for more than 5 years, group B2 consisting of 20 smokers cons, group B2 consisting of 20 smokers consuming 11-20 cigarettes/ day for more than 5 years an sroup B3 consisting of 20 smokers consuming >20 cigarettes/day for more the dove for more than 5 years. Analysis of data wae one with the help of com With the help of computers by SPSS 16,0 programmers and significant tests were done by unpaired student's "t" test. Results: There were no statistically significant an there were no statistically significant differences of PVC, FEV1 in group A vs. Rroun R group B2 vs. group B3. The mean FVC, FEV1 were significantly lower (<0.05) in group A vs. group B, group A vs. group B2, group A vs. group B3, group B1 vs. group B2 & group Bl vs. group B3. There were no statistical significant differences of

can't differences of FEV1/ FVC% among different groups. Conclusion: From the statistical analysis of the results obtained in the present study and their comparison with those of published reports, it may be concluded that smoking causes significant change of PVC FEV1 among the smokers and no significant chanen of FEV1/FVC% who consumed more than 10 cigarettes per day for more than five years.
Incidence of adult hematological malignancies in Benghazi Libya
Authors: Lateiwish Mohamed , Elsahati Muftah , Haweel Abdulhadi
Published: December 2023

The hematological malignancies are a group of neoplasms that arise through malignant transformation of bone marrow derived cells. The great diversity seen in this group of disorders is a reflection of the complexity of normal haematopoiesis and the immune system. Aim of the study to estimate the pattern and the incidence rate of the hematological malignancies among Libyan population in Benghazi in the year 2009. Material and Method A retrospective study was carried out in "hematology unit-Jamahiriya hospital - Benghazi (the only hematological unit). The data was extracted from the files of hematological malignancy patients who were diagnosed in the year 2009. SPSS was used for data analysis. Statistics used; mean, standard deviation, median and percentages. Incidence rates among the patients were also calculated. Results 71 cases of hematological malignancies were registered in the year 2009 in the hematology unit at Jamhoria Hospital. The overall incidence rate of the hematological malignancy among Libyan population in Benghazi was 17.74 per 100000, the most frequent malignancy was Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (25.35% of all the cases) and its incidence rate was 4.5 per 100,000 population. Acute lymphocytic leukemia, idiopathic myelofibrosis and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia had the lowest frequencies (each 1.41%) and incidence rates (each 0.25 per 100,000 population) In conclusion, the distribution of the various hematological malignancies in this study is similar to the pattern that reported in other studies, and the incidence rates of various hematological malignancies seem to be lower than that recorded in other studies.
A Retrospective Study of ECG Changes Following Acute Stroke
Authors: Zoubi Souad , Elereybi Fathia , Almangosh Khalid , Elzawawi Heba
Published: December 2023

Evidence is that ECG changes that are not due to COCkisting coronary artery disease but to a neuronal mechanism may bevur following acute stroke. We performed a retrospective study of 43 cases with acute stroke admitted to the medical, murgical and coronary care units of Al-Jala hospital, a university teaching hospital in Benghazi, Libya. Objectives To test the evidence that exists that ECG changes that are not due to existing coronary artery disease but to A neuronal mechanism may follow acute stroke. We aimed to stand out more about the different ECO changes following both acute hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes and which changes might be of prognostic value. Methods: The hospital case notes of 43 Libyan patients admitted with a diagnosis of acute stroke between November 1997 and July 1998 were studied in detail. Sufficient information was available from the case notes of 35 patients all the 35 patients had had ECO recordings which were fully analyzed and CT or MRI brain scans which were reviewed.

 Results: There was a male preponderance of sleuses 8 5 28.6% of the cases were below the age 60 years while 71.4% were above that age 80 % of the canca presented in the first week of the stroke. 5.7% were known to have an abnormal ECO prior to the stroke, 34% were known to have a normal ECG before the stroke of these 92 developed abnormal ECO after the stroke. We had no information regarding the pre stroke ECO of 60% of the cases. The most common ECO abnormality noted in general was left axis deviation 46 % however, increased heart rate 90 min was most commonly associated with death in 63.6 % The most common abnormality in those with a preceding normal ECO was left bundle branch block 64% but the most common Asiaten with

me was again increased heart rate 100%Ischemic stroke occurring in RO % carried a death rate of 21% and in those who died the most commonly associated ECG abnormality was increased heart rate 67% Hemorrhage robe accounted for 20 and carried a death rate of 43%, in those who died the associated ECO changes were prolonged OT interval le nde branch black and ST segment changes cachacentin for 33 %. We did not find a preponderance of left sided cerebral lesions in those with poor outcome. None of the developments in the patient's ECG recordings cou

n ted flow by a direct cardiac event. Conclusion ECO changes only occur after acute stroke even in those with preceding normal ECO recordings, this cannot be entirely accounted for by coronary artery disease and neuronal mechanisms may be the cause this is worthy of further rty with large pe of patients. Some KCC changes may be of prognostic value and we found that a heart rate of 90 /min was an indicator of a poor outcome in our group of patients with ischemic stroke
EFFECT SMOKING ON RESPIRATORY CAPACITIES VALUES IN YOUNG ADULT
Authors: Fallah Nagib , Albadri Agaela , Elagori Fatma , Eljazwi Jamila , Barghti Eman
Published: December 2023

Obiectives: The objective of the research was to evaluate lung feature amongst young adult nonsmokers. Material and Method: The exploration was led in the Al-Razi Clinic, Al-Mari Th amination form and Spirometer were utilized. The total 100 male age amass between 20-45 ing one vear or more were chosen The young adults were isolated into two gatherings as taka Case Group, which comprise of 50 young adults. (2). Control group; this gathering additio 50 young adults. The meeting was led and Spirometry test was performed for both gatherings Al-Razi Clinic: Al-Marj. The spirometer considerations; FVC, FEVI, PEFR, FEV1/FVC proporti 75% were originated and investigated. The frequency, percent, mean and standard deviation were smokers and the non-smokers by methods for SPSS 20. Result: anticipated meantstandard devin tion of FVC for smokers was 62.54+17.048 and estimation of FVC for non-smokers was 66.56+12 654 mation of FEV1 for smokers was 6.00:13.595 and FEV1 for non-smokers was 74.60112.638. Ther FEV1/FVC proportion for smokers was 74.20+11.433 and FEV1 for non-smokers was 113.5841264 timation of PEF for smokers was 61.4219.037 and the estimation of PEF for non-smokers was 87 101 The estimation of FEF2575 for smokers was 81.16128.287 and the estimation of FEF2575 for non.com was 104.44:23.213. Conclusion: Smoking harmfully affects the wellbeing, essentially on respiratory ities. Consequently, the danger of respirational mortality or depression is extraordinary by way of smoki
way of Smoking The investigation inferred that the smoker's young adults were on more danger of lung illnesses than non-smokers young adults and along these lines elevates smoking suspension endeavors to lessen the wrichi of COPD in the group
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF THE MODIFIED ALVARADO SCORING SYSTEM AND ULTRASOUND SCAN IN ACUTE APPENDICITIS: A STUDY OF 100 CASES
Authors: Faiz Khaled , Abuzeid Issa , Gamati Jamal , Refaei Nasser
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common causes of abdominal surgical emergencies. It is not an ear diagnosis to make and failure of early diagnosis can lead to progression of the disease with its attendant morbidity and occasional mortality. Objectives: The aim of our study was to assess the usefulness of the Modified Alvarado Score System (MASS) in the diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis and to compare it with ultrasound scan (USSI with regard to sensitivity specificity and accuracy. Material and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 100 patients hospitalized with lower abdominal pain suggestive of appendicitis. 88 patients were operated and 12 were observed for a period of up to 48 hours and then discharged. Patients were given specific scores according to MASS. and USS of the abdomen was performed for all patients. Alvarado scores and USS findings were correlated with the final diagnosis and the results were analyzed using the SPSS computer program Results: The ages ranged from 14 to 75 years imean 27.4712.52. There were 48 48% males and 52 1529 females. Negative appendectomy was observed in 18 patients giving a negative appendectomy rate of 20.5%. MASS had a sensitivity of 78.57%, specificity of 96 67% positive predictive value of 98.21%, negative predictive value of 65.91% and diagnostic accuracy of 84.00%. USS had a sensitivity of 61.54%, specificity of 81.82%, positive predictive value of 92.13%, negative predictive value of 37.50%, and diagnostic accuracy of 66.00%. Conclusions: The Modified Alvarado Score System (MASS) is a simple non-invasive di agnostic tool. It is reliable, safe, repeatable, and of low cost. The application of this scoring system improves diagnostic accuracy in all patients suspected to have appendicitis, especially at the extreme ends of the scoring system
PREVALENCE OF CHOLECYSTOLITHI Among PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS IN BENGHAZI LIBYA
Authors: Gomaty Jamal , Abuzeid Issa , Faiz Khalid , Él-Refaei Nasser , El-Houny Tariq
Published: December 2023

It is unclear whether the prevalence of cholecystolithiasis is increased in chronic renal sis. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the prevalence of gall bladder stones amone Libva. renal failure on regular hemodialysis.
PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY FOR HEART FAILURE FROM EVIDENCE TO PRACTICE
Authors: Elneihoum Ali
Published: December 2023

About 30 years passed since the publication of the Co- operative North Scandinavian Enalpril Survival Study CONSENSUS which showed for the first time that the primary outcome of patients with heart failure (HF) can be improved by pharmacologic interventions(1) . In the lest 3 decades a plethora of large clinical trials (1-18) on use of  pharmacological therapy and devices have resulted in an increasing use of evidence based therapy of heart failure (Table l). Despite these advances the morbidity and mortality of those afflicted with heart failure continues to remain high. Adherence to guidelines results in improved outcomes of heart failure patients
Review article about modified nucleosides (Pro-Tide) as potential anti-HCV Therapeutics
Authors: Lawgaly S. , A. Rajab , Trabelsi M. , Benamer H. , El-Zawawi H.
Published: December 2023

Headache is the most common cause of neurological referral An International Classication for headache produced by the International Headache Society is regularly OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to define prospectively the clinical and economie burden of their types of headache and cranio cervical gains in 202 patients referred to Benghazi neurological clinice METHODS: 202 adult Libyan patients with headache referred to the neurology clinics and emergency rooms of the hazi Teaching Hospitals. Libya. 1 80males and 122 females were studied prospectively both clinically and in questionnaire.
Evaluation of using urine strip in diagnosis of children's meningitis in Benghazi-Libya
Authors: Al-fituri Salwa Mohamed , Shabon Fawzia Ramdan , ALmchdwi Rasha. R. , Al trhony Aya.T. , Albarasi Salsabil.S. , Algomaty Aziza , Bograin Safa
Published: December 2023

Background: Bacterial meningitis is still considered as one of the most dangerous infectious diseases, which numerous complications and high mortality if not diagnosed and treated timely.
Objective: to evaluate the usefulness of urine reagent strip tests in the diagnosis of meningitis Patients and methods: ninety of children aged less than 11 years were included. They clinically suspected to have meningitis from Benghazi children's hospital in the period from February 2017 to April 2018. CSF samples were tested using both Combur-10 urinary reagent strip and CSF microscopy examination as reference standards. Combur-10 was used to estimate ten parameters including protein, glucose, and leukocytes.
Results: The diagnostic accuracy of protein estimation by reagent atrin show 91.7% sensitivity. 100% speciicity for detection of CSF proteins, Glucose reagent strip positivity had 97.5% sensitivity and 72.7% specificity for detection of CSF glucose. Leukocyte esterase positivity by test strip had sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 98.8% for the detection of CSF granulocytes of more than 10 granulocytea/mm. The majority of meningitis were found in children aged less than2 years 191.1%), and incidence of meningitis was found the same percentage in both males and females (41%) for each
Conclusions: our results suggest that reagent strips may be a useful additional resource in the diagnosis of bac terial meningitis, especially when it is difficult to collect a sufficient amount of cerebrospinal fluid or to indicate the initial treatment.
تذكير بأسس النظام الجماهيري وموقع المنشأة الإشتراكية منه
Authors: أبوالطويرات رمضان د. المدني
Published: December 2023

أيها الأخوة الاصدقاء .. 
سأحاول في هذه الكلمة المدخلية لندوتنا حول المنشأة الاشتراكية في الجماهيرية أن أذكركم ببعض سمات وأسس النظام الجماهيري الذي أتطور به النظرية العالمية الثالثة في الكتاب الاخضر بفصوله الثلاث : الركن السياسي ( سلطة الشعب ) ، الركن الاقتصادي ( الاشتراكية )، الركن الاجتماعي . كل ذلك بقصد تحديد موقع المنشأة الاشتراكية منه. هذه المنشأة التي سنتناقش حول مختلف أوجهها القانونية والادارية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية ما سمح تكويننا وثقافتنا وتجاربنا . 
ان النظام الجماهيري الجديد كما يرسمه الكتاب الاخضر يطرح نفسه من جهة كاستمرار التجارب الانسانية ونضالاتها من أجل الحرية وبالتالي حل مشاكل وأزمات الانسان المعاصر . ومن جهة أخرى ، كبديل وحيل للنظم السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية المطبقة حتى الآن في أرجاء المعمورة . 
ان الباعث الاساسي للبحث عن هذا البديل يجد أساسه في أقام الدليل العلمي والعملي على فشل وتخلف النظم القائمة في الوصول الى تحقيق حرية الانسان وتأكيد آدميته كأغلى خليقة وخليفة في الارض .. فكل يوم ورغم التقدم العلمي والتقني فالانسان يزداد اغترابا وقهر والحريات تداس والمجاعة تنتشر والحروب تهدد والامن العام والعالمي في كف عفريت كما يقولون . 
ان النظم السياسية والاجتماعية المعاصرة تتأرجح من أقصى اليمين الى أقصى الشمال حسب الاستراتيجية والمنهج المعتمد في كل منها ۰ حيث يهتم بعضها بالفرد والفردية ويأتي الآخر كنقيض ورد فعل للاولي حيث يغلب المجتمع أو جزء منه دون اعتبار لكوامن الانسان الفرد وذاتيته - 
أيها الأخوة الاصدقاء .. 
ان هذا الشطط المنهجي والنظرة البغيضة الردية ( أو الرد فعلية - هي التي أدت الى نتائج شاذة في التطبيق . وهكذا يقترح الكتاب الاخضر 
مدخلا ومنهجا آخر يعترف بالفرد وحرياته الحقيقية ولا يغفل الجماعة .. بل ربط القضيتين ربطا جدليا متوازنا فلا حرية او امة دون حرية أفراده ولا حرية الانسان دون حرية مجتمعه وشعبه 
انه النهج التكاملي الذي يحترم طبيعة الاشياء ويعيد التوازن استمراريته .. وآمل ألا يفهم من ذلك أنه منهج توفيقي أو تلفيق منهج جذرى وان كان وسطا فبالمعنى القرآني للوسط أي الافضل . 
على أية حال ان الايام والمعايشة هي التي تدحض أو تؤيد ما 
وهي وحدها التي تتيح فرص التقويم العلمي للنتائج . 
أيها الأخوة الاصدقاء .. 
رغم وحدة النظرية وتكاملية حلقاتها وأجزائها المختلفة الم 
والاقتصادية والاجتماعية ، ورغم تحكمية الكلام عن جزئيه بمعزل الأخريات ، الا أنني سأحاول وبايجاز شديد التعرض لبعض القضايا أرى أنه من الضروري التعرض لها كتقديم لندوتنا .
إدارة المنشأة الإنتاجية الإشتراكية
Authors: عياد عامر د.عبد القادر
Published: December 2023

مقدمة 
يهدف هذا البحث الى دراسة كيفية ادارة المنشأة الاشتراكية ، وإلي بيان كيفية مساهمة المنتجين في ادارتها عن طريق مبدأ شركاء لا أجراء والادارة بواسطة اللجان الشعبية ، والمشاركة في عملية التخطيط واتخاذ القرارات . 
تقوم المنشأة عموما بأنها وحدة اقتصادية تقوم بأنتاج سلع، خدمات يرغبها المجتع، أما المنشأة الانتاجية فهي وحدة اقتصادية تقوم بنتاج سلع يرغبها المجتمع، ولكن التعريف الاكثر دقة هو أن المنشأة الاشتراكية تعرف بأنها مجموعة من العلاقات الاجتماعية الثابتة التي تخلل عمدا بقصد تحقيق غاية المجتمع الجماهيري، وهي أشباع الحاجات، أنها توجد بتركيبة هيكلية معينة تحدد علاقات السلطة، وتتأثر بدرجة كبيرة بالتقنية والبيئة التي تعمل فيها.
والمنشأة الاشتراكية نظام مفتوح تستمد الطاقة (مختلف المصادر البشرية والمادية) من البيئة التي تعمل فيها أو تقوم بتحويلها من هيئته الأولية إلي هيئة أخرى لتعيدها إلي البيئة على هيئة منتجات.
ملكية المنشأة الإشتراكية في الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الإشتراكية
Authors: مصطفى سليمان د.محمد
Published: December 2023

ملكية المنشأة الاشتراكية في الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية 
يمكننا القول - بادىء ذي بدء - أن النظام الاقتصادي الأمثل هو النظام الذي يحقق أكبر قدر من العدالة دون أن يترتب عليه تجميد فعاليات المجتمع المادية والبشرية . واذا كان الاقتصاد أكثر اهتماما بدراسة الفعالية والكفاءة الانتاجية في أي مجتمع فان القانون يهتم بالدرجة الاولى بتحقيق العدالة كما يفهمها مجتمع ما في زمن معين . 
وتشكل الملكية أحدى نقاط التقاطع والالتقاء بين اهتمامات الاقتصاديين والقانونيين ذلك أنها مرکز ومحل للتوفيق بين اعتبارات الفعالية واعتبارات العدالة التي قد تبدو متعارضة للوهلة الاولى .
الطبيعة القانونية الأموال المنشأة الإشتراكية العامة
Authors: سعيد كعوان أ.خالد
Published: December 2023

تعيش ليبيا اليوم ... بدخولها عصر الجماهير ثورة في المفاهيم القانونية التقليدية، وتشهد مرحلة لاعادة تقييم القديم استعدادا واثقا وأكيد الاشادة الجديد صرحا قويا متينا .. أساسه الكتاب الاخضر .. دليل البشرية كلها في رحلة الانعتاق النهائي ...
فبصدور الفصل الثاني من الكتاب الاخضر ، حل المشكل الاقتصاد : واعلان قيام سلطة الشعب وزحف المنتجين على مواقع الانتاج ، أصبحت الاشتراكية في الجماهيرية واقعا معاشا ، تتفاعل معه جماهيرنا يوميا .
وتغيرت تبعا لذلك غاية النشاط الاقتصادي في المجتمع الاشتراكي الجديد من نشاط استغلالی طفيلي أو استهلاكي الى نشاط انتاجي من أجل اشباع الحاجات المادية ، وليس نشاطا غير انتاجي أو نشاط يبحث على الربح من أجل الادخار الزائد عن اشباع تلك الحاجات ، أن ذلك لا امكانه له بحكم القواعد الاشتراكية الجديدة. 
وقد أصبح بهذا المفهوم أشكالا متعددة ، للنشاط الاقتصادي، الطبيعة الاشتراكية في الجماهيرية ، فهو إما أن يكون نشاطا إنتاجيا فردياً يتولاه الفرد بنفسه لاشباع حاجاته بجهده الخاص دون استخدام الغير فالغاية المشروعة للنشاط الاقتصادي للافراد هي أشباع حاجاتهم فقط واباحة أن يعمل الانسان لنفسه لضمان حاجاته المادية هو من طبيعة المجتمع الاشتراكي الجديد.
الرأي العام والطبيعة الاقناعية للسلطة
Authors: الطعان د.عبد الرضا
Published: December 2023

لم ينل موضوع السلطة حظه من عناية الفكر المعاصر الا في وقت متأخر ، ولعل ذلك يرجع ، بالدرجة الأساسية ، إلى هيمنة الفكر الليبرالي والى طبيعة فهمه للسلطة . فقد كان الفكر الليبرالي يرى أن السلطة تتجسد فيما يسمى بالوسط الاجتماعي . وهذا الوسط يتكون من معطيات طبيعية بيولوجية . بمعنى آخر ان الوسط الاجتماعي يتمثل بالنوع الانساني 
 L'espace humaine الذي يحدد ويحكم كل جزء على سبيل الحتم . أن هذه الحتمية التي يعبر عنها الوسط الاجتماعي تأخذ، على النطاق الذهني وفي مستوى التصورات شکلا خاصاً. هذا الشكل الخاص هو السلطة : ولكن بين السلطة ، بهذا المعنى ، والحرية الفردية التي يتمسك بها الفكر الليبرالي تجري عملية صراع دائم ، وبحكم ما تتمتع به الحرية الفردية ، في الفكر الليبرالي ، من سمو ، لا بد من أن يتمخض هذا الصراع عن نتيجة تتميز بأنها في صالح الحرية الفردية ، هذه النتيجة ستتمثل بوجود الدولة الليبرالية . فالدولة في مثل هذه الحالة ، سوف لن تكون اكتر من مجال تتحرك فيه الارادة الحرة للفرد ، بعيدة عن السلطة
حول تعديل قانون المرافعات الليبي
Authors: كامل كيره د.مصطفى
Published: December 2023

مرت ليبيا بمراحل مختلفة في نظامها القضائي والقانوني وذلك حسب العهود التي تعاقبت على البلاد من العهد التركي الى العهد الايطالي ثم الادارة البريطانية. وكانت القوانين التي سادت البلاد في هذه العصور المختلفة تصطبغ بصبغة الحكم القائم في ذلك الوقت حتى أعلن الاستقلال في ۲4 ديسمبر سنة 1951وكانت الظروف التي تجتازها البلاد وهي الانتقال من عهد الاحتلال الى عهد الاستقلال حافزأً على سرعة إصدار عدد من القوانين في الفروع المختلفة تواجه بها البلاد المرحلة الجديدة . وفي 28 نوفمبر سنة 1953 صدر قانون المرافعات وكانت العجلة التي اقترن بها صدوره سببًا في افتقاره الى مذكرة ايضاحية تفسر أحكامه وتوضح المصادر التي استمدت منها نصوصه وهو قصور يشمل كافة القوانين الليبية التي صدرت وقت اعلان الاستقلال ومن أجل ذلك تلمس الباحثون في هذه القوانين مصدرا لها من القوانين المصرية المقابلة والتي استمد منها التشريع جانبا كبيرا من أحكامه ومن القوانين الإيطالية التي سادت قبل الاستقلال واستمد منها التشريع بعض أحكامه. 
واقد كشف العمل عند تطبيق قانون المرافعات عن كثير من العيوب ومن ثم بدت الحاجة ملحة إلى اعادة النظر فيه وتنقيح نصوصه وحتى يتمشى مع التطور الذي تسير فيه البلاد .
اسباب تعديل قانون المرافعات : 
عمدت كثير من الدول الى تنقيح قانون المرافعات وذلك في أعقاب الحروب والثورات التي اجتاحت العالم بعد الحرب العالمية الأولى والحرب العالمية الثانية كما أدت التشريعات الاجتماعية الجديدة كالتشريعات العمالية إلى تطوير في النظم القضائية فأنشأت محاكم للعمال ويبدو الارتباط بذلك وثيقة بين قانون المرافعات والنظام القضائي .
سحب الجنسية الليبية
Authors: عبد الخالق عمر د.محمد
Published: December 2023

أولا- حكم المحكمة 
الوقائع 
تتحصل الوقائع في أن النيابة العامة اهمت الطاعن في عدة تهم منها ما يعتبر جناية وذلك انه في الفترة ما بين 1-7- 1997 وبين تاريخ القبض عليه بدائرة مركز البوليس الغربي بمحافظة طرابلس :
 1- قام باعداد منشورات ترمي إلى منع الحكومة من مباشرة سلطاتها بان دعا الجماهير الى الاضراب والتظاهر لارغام الحكومة على اتخاذ قرارات تمنعها من مزاولة سلطاتها القانونية .
2- حرض غيره علانية على الاضراب بان خطب بمقر نقابة عمال ومستخدمي البترول .
3-اهانة علانية - تكومنه الملك.
4- ترأس أجتماعًا في مقر النقابة ممنوع اقامته قانونًا.
مساهمة أولية في دراسة بعض جوانب الإقليم
Authors: الطعان د.عبد الرضا
Published: December 2023

يشكل الاقليم موضوعا لعلوم انسانية متعددة ، فهو قد يكون عاملا من العوامل المؤثرة في الظواهر السياسية بقدر ما يساهم في تكوين السلطة ليكون بالتالي موضوعا من موضوعات علم السياسة . وقد يكون عاملا من العوامل التي تحكم العلاقات بين الدول بقدر ما يساهم في دفع الدولة إلى ما وراء حدودها ليكون بالتالي موضوعا من موضوعات علم العلاقات الدولية . وقد يكون عاملا من العوامل التي تتحكم بالاستراتيجية العسكرية بقدر ما يشكل مسرحا للمعارك الحربية.ليكون بالتالي موضوعا من موضوعات عالم الحرب . وقد يكون الاقليم بما يمثله من موقع جغرافي معين عاملا مؤثرة في قوة الدولة ، ليكون بالتالي موضوعا من موضوعات عالم الجيوبوليتك . وفي دراستنا هذه سنتناول الاقليم باعتباره عنصرا من عناصر الدولة ، يجد نفسه إلى جانب المجموعة الانسانية والسلطة والسياسية الحاكمة ، ليكون بالتالي موضوعا من موضوعات القانون الدستوري .