bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using salicylic acid‐responsive promoters to drive the expression of jasmonic acid‐regulated genes enhances plant resistance to whiteflies
Authors: Wu He , Han Wen‐Hao , Liang Kai‐Lu , Wang Jun‐Xia , Zhang Feng‐Bin , Ji Shun‐Xia , Liu Shu‐Sheng , Wang Xiao‐Wei
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Jasmonic acid (JA) is an important phytohormone used to defend against herbivores, but it does not respond to whitefly feeding. Conversely, another phytohormone, salicylic acid (SA), is induced when plants are fed upon by whiteflies. JA has a better anti‐whitefly effect than SA; however, there is limited research on how to effectively improve plant resistance by utilizing the different responses of these phytohormones to whitefly feeding.

RESULTS

We discovered that protease inhibitors 8 (PI8) and terpene synthase 10 (TPS10) located downstream of the JA‐regulated pathway in plants have anti‐whitefly effects, but these two genes were not induced by whitefly feeding. To identify whitefly‐inducible promoters, we compared the transcriptome data of tobacco fed upon by Bemisia tabaci with the control. We focused on pathogenesis‐related (PR) genes because they are known to be induced by SA. Among these PR genes, we found that expression levels of pathogenes‐related protein 1C‐like (PR1) and glucose endo‐1,3‐beta‐glucosidase (BGL) can be significantly induced by whitefly feeding and regulated by SA. We then engineered the whitefly‐inducible promoters of BGL and PR1 to drive the expression of PI8 and TPS10. We found that compared with control plants that did not induce the expression of PI8 or TPS10, transformed plants expressing PI8 or TPS10 under the PR1 or BGL promoter showed a significant increase in the expression levels of PI8 and TPS10 after whitefly infection, significantly improving their resistance to whiteflies.

CONCLUSION

Our findings suggest that using SA‐inducible promoters as tools to drive the expression of JA‐regulated defense genes can enhance plant resistance to whiteflies. Our study provides a novel pathway for the enhancement of plant resistance against insects. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Immune Evasion Mechanism of Neurotropic Viruses
Authors: Yan Yayun , Sun Yu , Guo Xinyuan , An Yuanchao , Chang Ying
Published: October 2024

The persistent challenge posed by viruses that infect the central nervous system lies in their sophisticated ability to evade the host immune system. This review explores into the complex mechanisms of immune evasion employed by these neurotropic viruses, focussing on their modulation of host immune responses, evasion of adaptive immunity, and the cellular and molecular strategies that enable their persistence. Key areas explored include viral latency and reactivation, the inhibition of apoptosis, and antigenic variation, with a detailed examination of viral proteins and their interactions with host cellular processes.
Multiscale Processes Drive Formation of Logjam Habitats and Use by Juvenile Chinook Salmon Across a Boreal Stream Network in Alaska
Authors: Cathcart Charles N. , Falke Jeffrey A. , Fox Jimmy , Henszey Robert , Lininger Katherine
Published: October 2024

Boreal forest streams are characterized by large volumes of instream wood, yet the relationship between logjams and Pacific salmon productivity remains underqualified. We located logjams (n = 427) within the distribution of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Chena River, Alaska (Yukon River tributary) and measured dimensions, classified formative process, and snorkel‐sampled a subset (n = 189) of logjams to detect and count juvenile salmon relative to multiscale variables and a dam. Logjam size increased downstream, whereas logjam density and large wood recruits declined (upstream = 6 logjams/km, 33 recruits/km; downstream = 0.3 logjams/km, 6 recruits/km), particularly below a dam that reduced downstream wood transport and log‐trapping locations (i.e., bars). Juvenile salmon occupied 68% of logjams; mid‐network logjams had the highest densities (mean = 0.85 fish/m2). We modeled juvenile salmon counts with logjam‐, stream reach‐, and neighborhood‐scale (> 1 km) predictors. Covariates that best predicted juvenile salmon densities included bankfull flow and stream power at reach scales in addition to growth potential, spawning habitat quality, and logjam area within 1 km of the focal logjam at neighborhood‐scales. Multiscale perspectives that link landscape characteristics, wood dynamics, and instream modifications with juvenile salmon production will be important to facilitate conservation and management of boreal streams.
Assessment of digital platforms for the quantification of co‐benefits in nature‐based solutions
Authors: Raji Mahdieh , Lazarus Beulah Evelyn , Nalakurthi Naga Venkata Sudha Rani , Tiwari Ananya , Gharbia Salem
Published: October 2024

The significance of Nature‐Based Solutions (NBSs) in addressing environmental and socioeconomic challenges is widely acknowledged, yet research on NBSs continues due to a limited understanding of their full benefits. This study addresses the existing gap by focusing on NBS co‐benefit valuation through digital platforms. These platforms support NBSs by assessing their effectiveness, contributing to SDGs, enabling data collection, analysis, and stakeholder engagement. The paper identifies platforms for co‐benefit quantification, encompassing public health, climate change, water management, air quality, biodiversity, soil management, and socioeconomic values. Some of these platforms, like InVEST, ARIES, and i‐Tree‐Eco offer multiple models to quantify various benefits of NBS. FreeStation is a platform to capture environmental data in a near real‐time‐basis, and Co$tingNature is a platform providing global data to estimate the contribution of nature to sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, most platforms focus on limited areas, so combining data from multiple platforms is necessary for holistic NBS co‐benefit quantification.
Comprehensive Studies: Biogenic Constructed Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Broad Spectrum Biomedical Applications
Authors: Singh Saurabh , Salodiya Reena , Tailor Giriraj , Sharma Tek Chand , Mehta Chesta
Published: October 2024

The exponential advancement of science and technology, especially within the realm of nanotechnology, has significantly expanded the applications of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles across various industrial sectors, scientific domains, and research institutions. Nickel oxide nanoparticles, in particular, have garnered considerable interest due to their unique characteristics and versatile applications. This paper comprehensively reviews NiO NPs, emphasizing their biological synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and wide‐ranging biomedical applications. These applications include their efficacy against fungal, bacterial, and viral infections, anticancer properties, and potential as innovative therapeutic agents for numerous diseases. Our findings underscore the novelty of NiO NPs in enhancing therapeutic strategies and expanding their biomedical applications, paving the way for innovative medical interventions.The objective of this review is to elucidate a thorough overview of the current research landscape, highlight recent developments, and explore the potential future directions for NiO NPs.
Electrodeposition‐Grown Mixed‐Halide Inorganic Perovskite CsPbI3‐xBrx Nanowires for Nanolaser Applications
Authors: Ren Kuankuan , Xiang Yanhong , Dong Keqian , Yue Shizhong , Li Chunhe , Fang Zebo , Feng Fei
Published: October 2024

Exploring new low‐cost and controllable synthesis methods for perovskite nanowires plays an important role in achieving their large‐scale applications. However, there have been no studies on the synthesis of cesium lead halide nanowires using the electrodeposition method. In this study, the single‐crystal mixed‐halide W‐CsPbI3‐xBrx nanowires are first synthesized via a low‐cost and controllable electrodeposition method. The growth process of the W‐CsPbI3‐xBrx nanowires is observed in situ by using a metallurgical microscope. It is found that the W‐CsPbI3‐xBrx nanowires are grown via the oriented attachment of B‐CsPbI3‐xBrx nanocubes. More importantly, the mixed‐halide W‐CsPbI3‐xBrx nanowires can transform into single‐crystal B‐CsPbI3‐xBrx nanowires at a moderate annealing temperature. The obtained B‐CsPbI3‐xBrx nanowires are applied to nanolasers, and two lasing peaks are observed at 679 and 675 nm, with a threshold of 277.6 µJ cm−2. These results can promote the development of growth methods for perovskite nanomaterials, which can broaden the applicability of perovskite nanowires in integrated nanophotonic and optoelectronic devices.
Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Films: Structure Design and Prospects
Authors: Zhao Hui , Wang Jingfeng , He Mukun , Li Shuai , Guo Hua , Kan Dongxiao , Qiu Hua , Chen Lixin , Gu Junwei
Published: October 2024

The popularity of portable and wearable flexible electronic devices, coupled with the rapid advancements in military field, requires electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with lightweight, thin, and flexible characteristics, which are incomparable for traditional EMI shielding materials. The film materials can fulfill the above requirements, making them among the most promising EMI shielding materials for next‐generation electronic devices. Meticulously controlling structure of composite film materials while optimizing the electromagnetic parameters of the constructed components can effectively dissipate and transform electromagnetic wave energy. Herein, the review systematically outlines high‐performance EMI shielding composite films through structural design strategies, including homogeneous structure, layered structure, and porous structure. The attenuation mechanism of EMI shielding materials and the evaluation (Schelkunoff theory and calculation theory) of EMI shielding performance are introduced in detail. Moreover, the effect of structure attributes and electromagnetic properties of composite films on the EMI shielding performance is analyzed, while summarizing design criteria and elucidating the relevant EMI shielding mechanism. Finally, the future challenges and potential application prospects of EMI shielding composite films are prospected. This review provides crucial guidance for the construction of advanced EMI shielding films tailored for highly customized and personalized electronic devices in the future.
Interfacial bond–slip performances of CFRP tube‐ultralightweight cement composite‐stainless steel tubular pipe
Authors: Huang Zhenyu , Lai Zhouyuan , Chen Lijie , Zhou Yingwu
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces a novel solution for marine structures facing harsh environmental conditions—a CFRP tube‐ultralightweight cement composite (ULCC)‐stainless steel tube tubular pipe. ULCC plays a crucial role in significantly reducing the self‐weight of the pipe without compromising its mechanical performance. The study mainly focuses on investigating the bond–slip behavior between ULCC and stainless steel tube, as well as between ULCC and CFRP tube, considering a range of bond lengths, tube diameters, and tube thicknesses. To gain insight into this behavior, the distribution of strain and stress within the stainless‐steel tube and CFRP tube was effectively measured using optical fiber sensors and digital imaging correlation techniques. The findings reveal that increasing tube diameter can lead to a reduction of 69.8% and 70.3% on ultimate bond strengths for stainless steel tube and CFRP tube, respectively. Conversely, increasing the thickness of the stainless‐steel tube leads to a reduction of 56.9% in ultimate bond strength, while the bond strength between CFRP tube and ULCC benefits from CFRP tube thickness (61.0% improvement). Increasing bond length can reduce the bond strengths. Empirical equations have been provided to facilitate the calculation of average and local bond strengths based on bond length, tube diameter, and thickness. Additionally, constitutive models have been developed to accurately represent the bond–slip behavior of stainless‐steel tube‐ULCC and CFRP tube‐ULCC specimens. Understanding the bond behaviors of CFRP‐ULCC‐stainless tubular pipe allows for enhanced load transfer mechanism and composite action, and optimized structural design.
Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Technology Based on Improved Multi‐Subgroup Parallel Optimization Algorithm with Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm
Authors: Guo Zhen , Ye Ming‐Hao , Chen Shuang , Nai Ji‐Qiu , Tong Di , Wang Shu
Published: October 2024

To enhance the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system, it is necessary to ensure that it can operate stably at the global maximum power point (MPP). This paper presents a study on the maximum power point tracking(MPPT) technology of photovoltaic system and a new MPPT technique based on the improved multi‐subgroup parallel optimization algorithm with shuffled frog leaping algorithm (IMSPO‐SFLA) is proposed, which combines the improved multi‐subgroup parallel optimization algorithm with the shuffled frog leaping algorithm. Moreover, the developed MPPT technique improves the tracking accuracy of the MPP, increased the speed of MPP tracking, the problem of the traditional frog leaping algorithm being prone to falling into a local optimum is successfully overcame by it. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method, a simulation model is established in MATLAB in this paper. The Simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper can make the photovoltaic power generation system be operated more efficiently, which contributes to the development of the renewable energy field and promotes the progress of clean energy technology. Compared with the traditional algorithm, it has obvious advantages in realizing the MPPT of PV power generation system. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
The Effect of Equal Versus Expanding Spacing Practice on the Deliberate Learning of L2 Collocations
Authors: Sonbul Suhad , Macis Marijana , Gyllstad Henrik
Published: October 2024

Research comparing equal and expanding spacing schedules in relation to L2 single words is limited. Moreover, none of the existing studies has examined the learning of formulaic language. The current study aims to address this gap by investigating the impact of equal and expanding intervals on the long‐term retention of L2 collocations in deliberate learning contexts. Eighty‐three university learners of English (L1 Arabic) participated in the study. They were divided into three groups: equal spacing (7–7–7) condition; expanding spacing (1–5–15) condition; and a control condition (no exposure). The experimental groups completed four treatment sessions in which they were asked to deliberately learn 23 collocations. To assess collocation knowledge before and after the treatment, all groups took form recall and form recognition tests. Results show that both spacing conditions led to significantly higher gains than the control group in both tests. The difference between the two experimental groups was not significant for the recall measure but it was significant for the recognition measure (higher gains under “equal spacing”). Moreover, estimated language proficiency modulated the difference between the control and expanding conditions, with a sharper difference as proficiency increased. Important implications for language teaching and classroom instruction based on these findings are discussed.
Crack size in coating and moisture problems comparing thermally modified and native spruce window frame profiles using hygrothermal simulations
Authors: Vidmar Gregor , Repič Rožle , Lesar Boštjan , Humar Miha
Published: October 2024

Fungal growth and degradation of wood may be caused by damage in the surface coating. The larger the cracks, the greater in principle the possibility of moisture-induced problems. Measuring basic unknown material parameters and employing hygrothermal simulations, the suitability and the maximum acceptable vertical crack size in the surface coating for a given bottom window profile made of thermally modified (TM) spruce(wood) with that made of native spruce were compared for location Ljubljana. Validation with the field test data was the second objective of the respective research. The average calculated maximum moisture content in TM spruce is about 4% (kg/kg) lower than that of native spruce. The 3 mm wide crack in the surface coating of a window frame made of native spruce is of the highest concern, whereas a 9 mm wide crack in the coating of a TM spruce profile is still acceptable. As far as moisture content is concerned in our study the TM spruce window frames were proved to be significantly more suitable for installation than the corresponding frames made of native Norway spruce. It was shown that isopleth, VTT and biohygrothermal models for mould growth do not properly capture the comparison between both materials, mainly because they classify both in the same material class/substrate category and they do not consider the material moisture content.
Do all roads lead to the same destination? Proximity to abortion providers, abortions, and their conditions in Portugal
Authors: Melo António
Published: October 2024

In Portugal, 65% of gynecologists conscientiously object to performing abortions, limiting the provision of abortion services across the country. This paper exploits quasi-random variation in abortion supply related to changes in doctor availability to examine how variations in proximity to an abortion provider affect the probability a pregnancy is aborted and the conditions under which abortions occur, including when, where, and how. Using a novel dataset of the universe of legal abortions in Portugal, I find suggestive evidence that there are fewer abortions among women living further away from a provider relative to women living closer. I also find evidence that these women have abortions later, are more likely to be referred by public hospitals to private clinics, and have an increased risk of having a surgical abortion.
On the comparison of regression coefficients across multiple logistic models with binary predictors
Authors: La Rocca Luca , Lupparelli Monia , Roverato Alberto
Published: October 2024

In many applied contexts, it is of interest to identify the extent to which a given association measure changes its value as different sets of variables are included in the analysis. We consider logistic regression models where the interest is for the effect of a focal binary explanatory variable on a specific response, and a further collection of binary covariates is available. We provide a methodological framework for the joint analysis of the full set of coefficients of the focal variable computed across all the models obtained by adding or removing predictors from the set of covariates. The result is obtained by applying a specific log-hybrid linear expansion of the joint distribution of the variables that implicitly comprises all the regression coefficients of interest. In this way, we obtain a method that allows one to verify, in a flexible way, a wide range of scientific hypotheses involving the comparison of multiple logistic regression coefficients both in nested and in non-nested models. The proposed methodology is illustrated through a test bed example and an empirical application.
Sexual function and fertility in young female adults surgically treated for anorectal malformations
Authors: Gertler Joshua , Oddsberg Jenny , Gunnarsdóttir Anna , Svenningsson Anna , Wester Tomas , Örtqvist Lisa
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The aim was to investigate sexual function and fertility in female adults operated on for anorectal malformations (ARM).

Methods

This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study including female adult patients treated for ARM at our institution between 1994 and 2003. Sexual function in females was assessed using the Profile of Sexual Function (PFSF). Additional questions regarding fertility were answered by the participants. Patient characteristics were retrospectively retrieved from the medical records and descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Sexual function outcomes were compared to a control group from a previously published group of females. Composite outcome analysis was performed using previously published data to determine the potential impact of bowel function and health-related quality of life on sexual function. The ethics review authorities approved the study.

Results

A total of 14 of 30 (46.7%) females responded to the questionnaires and had a mean age of 21.1 years (range 18–26). No association was found between PFSF and age or bowel function (Bowel Function Score), however, a strong correlation was found between PFSF and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with a Spearman correlation of ρ 0.82 (p = 0.0011). The general satisfaction question was strongly associated with their total PFSF score (ρ = 0.71, p = 0.0092). Except for the “desire” item, the females in this cohort did not have significantly worse sexual function than the control population(p = 0.015). Ten of fourteen (71.4%) females had had their sexual debut at a mean age of 16.3 years and two of these women (20%) have been pregnant. All females had had menarche at a mean age of 12.7 years.

Conclusion

Sexual function in adult females was comparable to healthy controls except for the “desire” item where the cohort reported poorer outcomes. The cohort’s sexual function had a direct association with their reported HRQoL where individuals with worse HRQoL also reported poorer sexual function.

Level of evidence

III
Glucose metrics and device satisfaction in adults with type 1 diabetes using different treatment modalities: a multicenter, real-world observational study
Authors: Molfetta S. Di , Rossi A. , Gesuita R. , Faragalli A. , Cutruzzolà A. , Irace C. , Minuto N. , Pitocco D. , Cardella F. , Arnaldi C. , Frongia A. , Mozzillo E. , Predieri B. , Fiorina P. , Giorgino F. , Cherubini V.
Published: October 2024

Aims

To evaluate glucose metrics, device satisfaction and diabetes impact in adults with type 1 diabetes using different treatment modalities in a real-life setting in Italy.

Methods

This was a multicentre, nationwide, cross-sectional study. Candidates were consecutively evaluated for eligibility during their routine medical visit at the diabetes centre. Researchers collected comprehensive demographic, socioeconomic, anamnestic and clinical data, and administered the Diabetes Impact and Device Satisfaction scale.

Results

From 2021 to 2022, a total of 428 subjects, 45% males, with a median age of 32 years (IQR 23–47) were recruited in 11 participating centres from all over Italy. No differences in age, physical activity, and diabetes impact were found for the different treatment modalities. HCL/AHCL and SAP groups reported higher device satisfaction vs. MDI + SMBG and MDI + CGM (p < 0.001). Subjects treated with HCL/AHCL exhibited significantly higher TIR and significantly lower time spent in hypoglycemia level 1, time spent in hyperglycemia, CV and GMI compared to MDI + CGM, and significantly higher TIR and significantly lower time spent in hypoglycemia level 2, time spent in hyperglycemia, and CV compared to SAP. Significant reduction in hypoglycemia level 2 was also found with PLGM compared to SAP. High education attainment was associated with optimal metabolic control.

Conclusion

Real-life use of advanced technologies for type 1 diabetes is associated with improved glucose metrics and device satisfaction. Education level also contributes to success of treatment.
Ca2.68Fe10.32Si1.00O20 - a strongly disordered SFCA-related phase in the system CaO-Fe2O3-SiO2
Authors: Salzmann Michael F. , Kahlenberg Volker , Krüger Biljana , Krüger Hannes , Grabowski Janina
Published: October 2024

As part of a systematic investigation into the ternary system CaO-Fe2O3-SiO2, we discovered a phase with a general chemical composition of A14O20 (where A represents Ca, Fe, and Si) and previously unknown symmetry. Synthesis experiments were conducted at 1200 °C in air with an oxide ratio of CaO:Fe2O3:SiO2 = 3:5:1 in the starting mixture. In addition to β-Ca2SiO4, and hematite (Fe2O3), powder X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the presence of compounds related to the aluminum-free counterpart of a silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA), one of the major bonding phases in iron ore sinter. Single crystals of this so-called SFC phase, large enough for diffraction experiments, were found in the sintered pellet fragments under a digital microscope. The compound with composition Ca2.68Fe10.32Si1.00O20 crystallizes in space group I2/c and has the following basic crystallographic data: a = 10.4643(10) Å, b = 15.2740(11) Å, c = 5.3050(5) Å, β = 110.017(9)°, V = 796.69(13) Å3 and Z = 2. The final composition, as determined by crystal structure refinement, differs slightly from the weight-specified starting mixture of Ca3Fe10SiO20 and suggests the presence of both Fe(III) and small amounts of Fe(II) in the sample. The crystal structure is related to that of the triclinic polytype-1A of SFC, but exhibits a higher degree of disorder due to the partial occupation of additional octahedrally and tetrahedrally coordinated sites. This results in a smaller unit cell and an increased space-group symmetry. The described phase can be regarded as a basic or family structure, from which the two simplest polytypes (1A and hypothetical 2M) can be derived through ordering processes of cations among different possible vacancies. The chemical similarity to one of the phases of the SFCA-family suggests that such disordered compounds could also occur in industrial sinters.
Coastal marine habitats deterioration according to users’ perception: the case of Cap de Creus Marine Protected Area (NE Spain)
Authors: Mallo Miguel , Ziveri Patrizia , Rossi Sergio , Reyes-García Victoria
Published: October 2024

Assessing how different users of a Marine Protected Area perceive environmental changes can contribute to design management strategies. We assess how locals and tourists perceive environmental changes in the Cap de Creus protected area (NW Mediterranean, Spain). To identify locally perceived changes, we first conducted semi-structured interviews with locals (n = 38). Reported environmental changes were then used to construct a survey applied to locals and tourists (n = 427). In semi-structured interviews, environmental changes were the least reported changes compared to economic and social changes; reports of negative environmental changes dominated over reports of positive environmental changes. Overall, all survey participants reported a decline of the health status of the local environment, with locals displaying higher levels of agreement with statements referring to coastal environmental deterioration than tourists. The predominance of responses reporting economic versus environmental changes can be explained by the recent radical transformation of the area towards tourism. Reports of coastal marine area deterioration are in line with available instrumental data. Higher levels of agreement with statements referring to environmental deterioration among locals than among tourists highlight the importance of people’s connection with nature to assess change. Considering that Cap de Creus has been protected for more than two decades, our findings raise concerns regarding its ongoing deterioration and underscore the importance of monitoring the effectiveness of marine protection to modulate management strategies.
Family history of dementia and brain health in childhood and middle age: a prospective community-based study
Authors: Hussainali Rowina F. , Schuurmans Isabel K. , Zijlmans Jendé L. , Cecil Charlotte A. M. , Vernooij Meike W. , Luik Annemarie I. , Muetzel Ryan L. , Ikram M. Arfan , Wolters Frank J.
Published: October 2024

We aimed to determine the association of family history of dementia with structural brain measures and cognitive performance in childhood and mid-life adulthood. We studied 1,259 parents (mean age: 47.3 years, range 31.9–67.4) and 866 of their children (mean age [range] at brain MRI: 9.9 years [8.8–11.9], and for cognition: 13.5 years [12.6–15.8]) of the population-based Generation R Study. Parents filled in a questionnaire on family history, and both parents and children underwent cognitive assessment and neuroimaging. Of all participants, 109 parents (8.6%) reported a parental family history of dementia and 73 children (8.4%) had a grandparental history of dementia with mean age of dementia diagnosis in those affected 75 years (± 7.3). We observed no associations of dementia family history with cognitive ability in either parents or their children, except for worse Purdue pegboard in parents with a parental history of dementia, compared to those without (mean difference [95%CI]: -1.23 [-2.15; -0.31], test range: 21–52). In parents and children, neuroimaging measures did not differ significantly by family history. Results did not depend on age, sex, and APOE genotype. Family history of dementia was associated with worse manual dexterity in mid-life adulthood, but not with any other measures of cognitive ability or subclinical brain health in childhood and mid-life. These findings suggest that the association of family history with dementia risk is due chiefly to neurodegenerative rather than neurodevelopmental processes, and might first present with reduced motor skills.
Small changes in the transducer position cause a systematic change in cardiac output readings: implications for clinical practice
Authors: Dinesen Caroline , Vistisen Simon Tilma , Juhl-Olsen Peter
Published: October 2024

To systematically evaluate the effect of small changes in transducer position on key hemodynamic variables including CO generated by 4th generation FloTrac software. After cardiac surgery, cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and stroke volume variation were measured with 4 generation Flotrac software. The transducer position was randomly placed at the midaxillary plane, 4 cm higher than the midaxillary plane or 4 cm lower than the midaxillary plane. Averages of three measurements were used. Data was available from 20 patients. Cardiac output increased from 4.59 L/min (± 0.92) to 4.78 L/min (± 0.99) with the transducer position at the midaxillary plane to 4 cm higher than the midaxillary plane, and cardiac output decreased to 4.43 L/min (± 0.90) with the transducer 4 cm lower than midaxillary plane (P < 0.001). On the relative scale, CO increased 4.1% (95% CI 3.1-5.0) when comparing the higher transducer level with the midaxillary plane position, and CO decreased 3.4% (95% CI 2.4–4.4) when comparing the midaxillary plane position with the lower transducer level, correspondiong to changes in CO of ≈ 1% per 1 cm change in transducer position. Mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance both changed significantly with transducer position (both P < 0.001), whereas no statistically or clinically significant effect was seen on stroke volume variation (P = 0.98). A four-centimeter change in vertical transducer position induced clinically significant changes in cardiac output measurements by 4th generation FloTrac software. Definitions of optimal cardiac output in goal-directed therapy algorithms require meticulous transducer adjustment and can only be used in the reference patient position.
In-patient neurosurgical tumor treatments for malignant glioma patients in Germany
Authors: Kamp Marcel A. , Fink Larissa , Forster Marie-Therese , Weiss Lucas Carolin , Lawson McLean Aaron , Lawson McLean Anna , Freyschlag Christian , Stein Klaus-Peter , Wiewrodt Dorothee , Muehlensiepen Felix , Ebner Florian H. , Rapp Marion , Thon Niklas , Sabel Michael , Dinc Nazife , von Saß Christiane , Stein Marco , Jungk Christine
Published: October 2024

Objective

Treatment for malignant gliomas involves multiple disciplines, including neurosurgery, radiation therapy, medical and neuro-oncology, and palliative medicine, with function-preserving neurosurgical tumor removal being crucial. However, real-world data on hospital cases, treatment types, especially regarding surgical approaches, and the associated complication and mortality rates in Germany are lacking.

Methods

We analyzed data on hospital cases involving malignant gliomas (ICD-10-GM code C71) from the German §21 Hospital Remuneration Act, provided by the Institute for the Hospital Remuneration System (InEK GmbH), from 2019 to 2022. Our focus was on neuro-oncological operations defined by the German Cancer Society (DKG) and included specific operation and procedure (OPS) codes.

Results

From 2019 to 2022, there were 101,192 hospital cases involving malignant gliomas in Germany. Neurosurgical tumor removal was performed in 27,193 cases (26.9%). Microsurgical techniques were used in 95% of surgeries, intraoperative navigation systems in 84%, fluorescence-guided surgeries in 45.6%, and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) in 46.4%. Surgical or medical complications occurred in 2903 cases (10.7%). The hospital mortality rate was 2.7%. Mortality was significantly higher in patients aged 65 and older (Odds ratio 2.9, p < 0.0001), and lower in cases using fluorescence-guided procedures (Odds ratio 0.8, p = 0.015) and IONM (Odds ratio 0.5, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Over the course of 4 years, over 100,000 hospital cases involving adult patients diagnosed with malignant gliomas were treated in Germany, with 27,193 cases undergoing tumor removal using various modern surgical techniques. The hospital mortality rate was 2.7%.
Still Left Behind: How Behavior Analysts Can Improve Children’s Access, Equity, and Inclusion to Their Entitled Education
Authors: Stevenson Bradley , Bethune Keri , Gardner Rita
Published: October 2024

In 1968, a group of professionals commissioned a task force to study the issue of children being excluded from school in the city of Boston, MA (Task Force on Children Out of School, 1970). What they found shocked them: thousands of children were systematically excluded from attending school or accessing meaningful instruction based on cultural, physical, and mental and behavioral differences. However, despite the advancement of legal protections and improved methods to educate even the most complex students, many coming from behavior analysis, children across the country still face school exclusion for essentially the same reasons. Coordinated advocacy is needed urgently to address this issue. This article discusses the history of school exclusion, the advancements that should allow us to prevent it, and a description of advocacy efforts behavior analysts should engage in to prevent school exclusion from occurring.
Molecular Structure Tailoring of Organic Spacers for High-Performance Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Pengyun , Li Xuejin , Cai Tonghui , Xing Wei , Yang Naitao , Arandiyan Hamidreza , Shao Zongping , Wang Shaobin , Liu Shaomin
Published: October 2024

Layer-structured Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskites (RPPs) with decent stability have captured the imagination of the photovoltaic research community and bring hope for boosting the development of perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology. However, two-dimensional (2D) or quasi-2D RP PSCs are encountered with some challenges of the large exciton binding energy, blocked charge transport and poor film quality, which restrict their photovoltaic performance. Fortunately, these issues can be readily resolved by rationally designing spacer cations of RPPs. This review mainly focuses on how to design the molecular structures of organic spacers and aims to endow RPPs with outstanding photovoltaic applications. We firstly elucidated the important roles of organic spacers in impacting crystallization kinetics, charge transporting ability and stability of RPPs. Then we brought three aspects to attention for designing organic spacers. Finally, we presented the specific molecular structure design strategies for organic spacers of RPPs aiming to improve photovoltaic performance of RP PSCs. These proposed strategies in this review will provide new avenues to develop novel organic spacers for RPPs and advance the development of RPP photovoltaic technology for future applications.
How to Think about Algorithms
Authors: Edmonds Jeff
Published: October 2024

Understand algorithms and their design with this revised student-friendly textbook. Unlike other algorithms books, this one is approachable, the methods it explains are straightforward, and the insights it provides are numerous and valuable. Without grinding through lots of formal proof, students will benefit from step-by-step methods for developing algorithms, expert guidance on common pitfalls, and an appreciation of the bigger picture. Revised and updated, this second edition includes a new chapter on machine learning algorithms, and concise key concept summaries at the end of each part for quick reference. Also new to this edition are more than 150 new exercises: selected solutions are included to let students check their progress, while a full solutions manual is available online for instructors. No other text explains complex topics such as loop invariants as clearly, helping students to think abstractly and preparing them for creating their own innovative ways to solve problems.
The Possibility of Literature
Authors: Boxall Peter
Published: October 2024

The Possibility of Literature is an essential collection from one of the most powerful and distinctive voices in contemporary literary studies. Bringing together key compositions from the last twenty-five years, as well as several new pieces, the book demonstrates the changing fate of literary thinking over the first decades of the twenty-first century. Peter Boxall traces here the profound shifts in the global conditions that make literature possible as these have occurred in the historical passage from 9/11 to Covid 19. Exploring questions such as 'The Idea of Beauty', the nature of 'Mere Being', or the possibilities of Rereading, the author anatomises the myriad forces that shape the literary imagination. At the same time, he gives vivid critical expression to the imaginative possibilities of literature itself – those unique forms of communal life that literature makes possible in a dramatically changing world, and that lead us towards a new shared future.
Evaluation of antibiotic prescribing patterns for surgical prophylaxis before and after an educational campaign about penicillin allergies: a single-center, retrospective study
Authors: Backus Megan , Romanos Marianne , Wasielewski Anthony , Paz Natalie , Gauthier Timothy P.
Published: October 2024

After an educational campaign about reasonable use of cefazolin for surgical prophylaxis, optimal preoperative antibiotic regimen utilization increased from 52% to 67% (P = 0.011). Education to physicians on penicillin allergies may contribute to meaningful increases in use of optimal antibiotics while reducing readmissions and acute care length of stay.
Rapid molecular testing is associated with decreased broad-spectrum antibiotic use among patients with streptococcal bloodstream infections
Authors: Tate Tyler , Viehman J. Alex , Shields Ryan K.
Published: October 2024

We investigated the impact of rapid diagnostic testing with real-time stewardship intervention on patients with Streptococcal bacteremia. Compared to pre-intervention, patients in the post-intervention group received more rapid antibiotic de-escalation (42 vs 88 h), and were more commonly de-escalated to narrow-spectrum (86% vs 52%) and oral antibiotics (30% vs 14%).
Realizing the potential of social determinants data in EHR systems: A scoping review of approaches for screening, linkage, extraction, analysis, and interventions
Authors: Li Chenyu , Mowery Danielle L. , Ma Xiaomeng , Yang Rui , Vurgun Ugurcan , Hwang Sy , Donnelly Hayoung K. , Bandhey Harsh , Senathirajah Yalini , Visweswaran Shyam , Sadhu Eugene M. , Akhtar Zohaib , Getzen Emily , Freda Philip J. , Long Qi , Becich Michael J.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Social determinants of health (SDoH), such as socioeconomics and neighborhoods, strongly influence health outcomes. However, the current state of standardized SDoH data in electronic health records (EHRs) is lacking, a significant barrier to research and care quality.

Methods:

We conducted a PubMed search using “SDOH” and “EHR” Medical Subject Headings terms, analyzing included articles across five domains: 1) SDoH screening and assessment approaches, 2) SDoH data collection and documentation, 3) Use of natural language processing (NLP) for extracting SDoH, 4) SDoH data and health outcomes, and 5) SDoH-driven interventions.

Results:

Of 685 articles identified, 324 underwent full review. Key findings include implementation of tailored screening instruments, census and claims data linkage for contextual SDoH profiles, NLP systems extracting SDoH from notes, associations between SDoH and healthcare utilization and chronic disease control, and integrated care management programs. However, variability across data sources, tools, and outcomes underscores the need for standardization.

Discussion:

Despite progress in identifying patient social needs, further development of standards, predictive models, and coordinated interventions is critical for SDoH-EHR integration. Additional database searches could strengthen this scoping review. Ultimately, widespread capture, analysis, and translation of multidimensional SDoH data into clinical care is essential for promoting health equity.
Commerce
Authors: Dufour Geneviève , Thool Valériane , Morin Pierre-Luc
Published: October 2024

Poursuite de l’invasion de l’Ukraine, guerre dans la bande de Gaza, crise alimentaire, transition énergétique sans précédent, rééquilibrage géostratégique, montée du populisme, ingérence de toute sorte, explosion du recours à l’intelligence artificielle, inflation à maîtriser, voilà autant de traits caractérisant l’année 2023 et ayant eu le potentiel de redéfinir les relations commerciales mondiales. Dans ce contexte, mu par une nouvelle diplomatie pragmatique,1 le Canada tente d’innover tout en renouant avec son rôle d’antan: préserver ses partenaires usuels tout en développant de nouvelles relations d’opportunité (au risque parfois de piler sur ses valeurs), réinvestir les enceintes internationales avec le dessein de les moderniser, diversifier ses relations en déployant des forces diplomatiques dans de nouveaux territoires et réaffirmer sa souveraineté face à toute sorte de menaces que ce soit en Arctique ou dans le cadre électoral canadien. Ce contexte a nécessairement eu des impacts sur les choix que fait le Canada en matière commerciale.
Therapeutic patient education for severe mental disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Waqas Ahmed , Correia Jorge Cesar , Ahmad Maaz , Akhtar Tooba Nadeem , Meraj Hafsa , Angelakis Ioannis , Pataky Zoltan
Published: October 2024

Objective

This systematic review aimed to review therapeutic patient education (TPE) programmes in managing psychiatric disorders, considering the diversity in delivering agents, intervention formats, targeted skills, and therapeutic outcomes.

Methods

Comprehensive database searches, including Web of Science, PubMed, and COCHRANE, were conducted from September 2019 to January 2023, yielding 514 unique records, with 33 making it through rigorous evaluation for full-text review. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, focusing on various psychiatric disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, psychosis, and multiple serious mental illnesses. A total of 38 studies were included from our previous review to supplement the current database search.

Results

TPE programmes exhibited diversity in delivering agents and intervention formats, with a notable presence of multidisciplinary teams and various professionals. The interventions prioritized coping strategies and disease management techniques, though the extent varied based on the disorder. Effectiveness was heterogeneous across studies; some interventions showed significant benefits in areas such as symptom management, coping, and functional improvement, while others reported no significant outcomes.

Conclusion

The findings underscore the potential of TPE in psychiatric care, revealing its multifaceted nature and varied impact. TPE not only addresses deficits but also leverages patients’ existing strengths and capabilities. Despite the reported benefits, a portion of the interventions lacked statistical significance, indicating the necessity for continuous refinement and evaluation.
Risk factors for central line-associated bloodstream infection in the pediatric intensive care setting despite standard prevention measures
Authors: Marks Kaitlyn T , Rosengard Katherine D , Franks Jennifer D , Staffa Steven J , Chan Yuen Jenny , Burns Jeffrey P , Priebe Gregory P , Sandora Thomas J
Published: October 2024

Objective:

Identify risk factors for central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) in pediatric intensive care settings in an era with high focus on prevention measures.

Design:

Matched, case–control study.

Setting:

Quaternary children’s hospital.

Patients:

Cases had a CLABSI during an intensive care unit (ICU) stay between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2020. Controls were matched 4:1 by ICU and admission date and did not develop a CLABSI.

Methods:

Multivariable, mixed-effects logistic regression.

Results:

129 cases were matched to 516 controls. Central venous catheter (CVC) maintenance bundle compliance was >70%. Independent CLABSI risk factors included administration of continuous non-opioid sedative (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.96, 95% CI [1.16, 7.52], P = 0.023), number of days with one or more CVC in place (aOR 1.42 per 10 days [1.16, 1.74], P = 0.001), and the combination of a chronic CVC with administration of parenteral nutrition (aOR 4.82 [1.38, 16.9], P = 0.014). Variables independently associated with lower odds of CLABSI included CVC location in an upper extremity (aOR 0.16 [0.05, 0.55], P = 0.004); non-tunneled CVC (aOR 0.17 [0.04, 0.63], P = 0.008); presence of an endotracheal tube (aOR 0.21 [0.08, 0.6], P = 0.004), Foley catheter (aOR 0.3 [0.13, 0.68], P = 0.004); transport to radiology (aOR 0.31 [0.1, 0.94], P = 0.039); continuous neuromuscular blockade (aOR 0.29 [0.1, 0.86], P = 0.025); and administration of histamine H2 blocking medications (aOR 0.17 [0.06, 0.48], P = 0.001).

Conclusions:

Pediatric intensive care patients with chronic CVCs receiving parenteral nutrition, those on non-opioid sedative infusions, and those with more central line days are at increased risk for CLABSI despite current prevention measures.
Factors influencing the use of highly bioavailable oral antibiotic therapy for the treatment of prosthetic joint infections
Authors: Granger Marie-Félixe , Leis Jerome A. , Hempel Amanda , Pincus Daniel , Ravi Bheeshma , Daneman Nick , Lam Philip W.
Published: October 2024

We conducted a retrospective cohort study to identify factors influencing intravenous (IV) versus oral antibiotic therapy in first-episode prosthetic joint infections. Of the 34/78 (44%) cases treated intravenously, negative cultures (26%), concomitant infections necessitating IV antibiotics (21%), and delays in susceptibility testing (15%) were the most common reasons for IV therapy.