bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revision of the genus Oxytelus Gravenhorst (Staphylinidae: Oxytelinae) in Southeast Asia
Authors: LÜ LIANG , ZHOU HONG-ZHANG
Published: July 2015

Oxytelus species are widespread over all continents except Antarctica. Southeast Asia is one of the biodiversity hotspots in the world. In this paper, we review the Oxytelus species currently known from Southeast Asia. Seven species are described as new to science: O. castaneus sp. nov. (Vietnam), O. finitimus sp. nov. (Laos), O. grandiculus sp. nov. (Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand), O. insulanus sp. nov. (Malaysia and Indonesia), O. lompobatangensis sp. nov. and O. poecilopterus sp. nov. (Indonesia), and O. sublividus sp. nov. (Vietnam and Laos). Seven new synonymies are proposed: O. ruptus Fauvel = O. sublucidus Cameron, O. lucens Bernhauer = O. malaisei Scheerpeltz, O. puncticeps Kraatz = O. (Anotylus) micantoides Scheerpeltz, O. subferrugineus Cameron = O. kedirianus Cameron, O. megaceros Fauvel = O. kalisi Bernhauer, O. subincisus Cameron = O. fruhstorferi Cameron, O. antennalis Fauvel = O. cheesmani Bernhauer. Lectotypes are designated for the following names: O. armiger Fauvel, O. bellicosus Fauvel, O. discalis Cameron, O. gigantulus Fauvel, O. ginyuenensis Bernhauer, O. javanus Cameron, O. kalisi Bernhauer, O. kedirianus Cameron, O. lucens Bernhauer, O. lucidulus Cameron, O. mandibularis Cameron, O. megaceros Fauvel, O. nilgiriensis Cameron, O. subferrugineus Cameron, O. subincisus Cameron, O. sublucidus Cameron, O. subsculptus Cameron, O. antennalis Fauvel (New Caledonia, New Guinea and Australia), O. cheesmani Bernhauer (New Hebrides), O. cheesmanianus Cameron (Papua New Guinea), O. hingstoni Cameron (India), and O. tibetanus Bernhauer (China). The species O. (Anotylus) transversipennis Scheerpeltz is transferred to the genus Anotylus. Other than the new species, nine previously known species are redescribed, a key to 30 species and line drawings or color photographs of 42 species are provided. Thus, a total of 30 species are recorded from Southeast Asia.
Reassessment and division of the genus Agraecia Audinet-Serville (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae: Agraeciini)
Authors: CHAMORRO-RENGIFO JULIANA , BRAUN HOLGER , LOPES-ANDRADE CRISTIANO
Published: July 2015

Agraecia Audinet-Serville, the type-genus of Agraeciini, comprises fifteen species names: thirteen used for extant species, one junior synonym, and one fossil. The species are morphologically very dissimilar, and were collected and described from different localities of the world. The genus was reassessed based on recently collected specimens from Brazil and Argentina as well as museum specimens. Based on morphological characteristics we re-delimit Agraecia sensu novo, keeping only two of the previously assigned species: A. punctata Saint-Fargeau & Audinet-Serville and A. dorsalis Karny. The subtribe Agraeciina subtrib. nov. is defined, which include Agraecia s. nov. and three new genera (Iaratrox Chamorro-Rengifo & Lopes-Andrade gen. nov., Starkonsa Chamorro-Rengifo & Lopes-Andrade gen. nov., and Yvelinula Chamorro-Rengifo & Lopes-Andrade gen. nov.). Three additional genera treated here, Parasubria Karny, Ragoniella Chamorro-Rengifo & Lopes-Andrade gen. nov., Redtenbachus Chamorro-Rengifo & Lopes-Andrade gen. nov. and Sylvainhugiella Chamorro-Rengifo & Lopes-Andrade gen. nov. currently remain unclassified inside Agraeciini. We desig-nate a neotype and describe the female and male for A. punctata. Bertoniella Rehn is proposed as a junior synonym of Agraecia, and Parasubria ziczac Karny as syn. nov. of Parasubria vittipes (Redtenbacher) comb. nov. The fossil species is transferred to Senexefigia† Chamorro-Rengifo & Lopes-Andrade gen. nov. We also describe two new species of Iaratrox gen. nov., I. brasilienses Chamorro-Rengifo & Lopes-Andrade sp. nov. and I. longicornia Chamorro-Rengifo & Lopes-Andrade sp. nov. The holotype of Agraecia fallax Karny nomen dubium seems to be lost and the syntypes of Agraecia festae Griffini are currently unavailable for examination, therefore, these two species are treated as incertae sedis, and should probably be transferred. A key to the studied genera is provided, as well as a key to species of Agraecia s. nov. and Iaratrox gen. nov. The calling songs of Parasubria vittipes (Redtenbacher) comb. nov. and Ragoniella pulchella (Hebard) comb. nov. are described. Numerous morphological details and some natural history aspects are discussed.
Long-Lived Mesoscale Systems in a Low–Convective Inhibition Environment. Part I: Upshear Propagation
Authors: Lane Todd P. , Moncrieff Mitchell W.
Published: July 2015

Dynamical models of organized mesoscale convective systems have identified the important features that help maintain their overarching structure and longevity. The standard model is the trailing stratiform archetype, featuring a front-to-rear ascending circulation, a mesoscale downdraft circulation, and a cold pool/density current that affects the propagation speed and the maintenance of the system. However, this model does not represent all types of mesoscale convective systems, especially in moist environments where the evaporation-driven cold pools are weak and the convective inhibition is small. Moreover, questions remain about the role of gravity waves in creating and maintaining organized systems and affecting their propagation speed.

This study presents simulations and dynamical models of self-organizing convection in a moist, low–convective inhibition environment and examines the long-lived convective regimes that emerge spontaneously. This paper, which is Part I of this study, specifically examines the structure, kinematics, and maintenance of long-lived, upshear-propagating convective systems that differ in important respects from the standard model of long-lived convective systems. Linear theory demonstrates the role of ducted gravity waves in maintaining the long-lived, upshear-propagating systems. A steady nonlinear model approximates the dynamics of upshear-propagating density currents that are key to the maintenance of the mesoscale convective system.
An Intermodel Approach to Identify the Source of Excessive Equatorial Pacific Cold Tongue in CMIP5 Models and Uncertainty in Observational Datasets
Authors: Li Gen , Du Yan , Xu Haiming , Ren Baohua
Published: July 2015

An excessive cold tongue error in the equatorial Pacific has prevailed in several generations of climate models. However, the causes of this problem remain a mystery, partly owing to uncertainty and/or a lack of observational datasets. Based on the multimodel ensemble from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), this study introduces a novel intermodel approach to identify the bias source by going beyond comparison with observational datasets. Intermodel statistics show that the excessive cold tongue bias could be traced back to a too strong oceanic dynamic cooling linked to a too shallow thermocline along the equatorial Pacific. A heat budget analysis suggests that the excessive oceanic dynamic cooling is balanced by the surface latent heat flux (LHF) adjustment. This is consistent with a variety of oceanic and atmospheric observations but at odds with the popular objectively analyzed air–sea heat fluxes (OAFlux) products. Further analyses suggest an alarming overestimation of OAFlux net surface heat flux (Qnet) into the tropical Pacific, mainly ascribed to observational uncertainly in air specific humidity. Implications for intermodel statistics in assessing model processes, validating observational data, and regulating future climate projections are discussed.
Acute coronary syndrome and depression: A review of shared pathophysiological pathways
Authors: Granville Smith Isabelle , Parker Gordon , Rourke Poppy , Cvejic Erin , Vollmer-Conna Uté
Published: July 2015

Objective:

To examine the evidence for shared pathophysiological pathways in acute coronary syndrome and major depression and to conceptualise the dynamic interplay of biological systems and signalling pathways that link acute coronary syndrome and depression within a framework of neuro-visceral integration.

Methods:

Relevant articles were sourced via a search of published literature from MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed using a variety of search terms relating to biological connections between acute coronary syndrome and depression. Additional articles from bibliographies of retrieved papers were assessed and included where relevant.

Results:

Despite considerable research efforts, a clear understanding of the biological processes connecting acute coronary syndrome and depression has not been achieved. Shared abnormalities are evident across the immune, platelet/endothelial and autonomic/stress-response systems. From the available evidence, it seems unlikely that a single explanatory model could account for the complex interactions of biological pathways driving the pathophysiology of these disorders and their comorbidity.

Conclusion:

A broader conceptual framework of mind–body or neuro-visceral integration that can incorporate the existence of several causative scenarios may be more useful in directing future research and treatment approaches for acute coronary syndrome–associated depression.
Clopidogrel Enhances Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation Following Periodontitis
Authors: Coimbra L.S. , Steffens J.P. , Alsadun S. , Albiero M.L. , Rossa C. , Pignolo R.J. , Spolidorio L.C. , Graves D.T.
Published: July 2015

Bone formation is dependent on the differentiation of osteoblasts from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In addition to serving as progenitors, MSCs reduce inflammation and produce factors that stimulate tissue formation. Upon injury, MSCs migrate to the periodontium, where they contribute to regeneration. We examined the effect of clopidogrel and aspirin on MSCs following induction of periodontitis in rats by placement of ligatures. We showed that after the removal of ligatures, which induces resolution of periodontal inflammation, clopidogrel had a significant effect on reducing the inflammatory infiltrate. It also increased the number of osteoblasts and MSCs. Mechanistically, the latter was linked to increased proliferation of MSCs in vivo and in vitro. When given prior to inducing periodontitis, clopidogrel had little effect on MSC or osteoblasts numbers. Applying aspirin before or after induction of periodontitis did not have a significant effect on the parameters measured. These results suggest that clopidogrel may have a positive effect on MSCs in conditions where a reparative process has been initiated.
A Review of Research on Prospective Teachers’ Learning About Children’s Mathematical Thinking and Cultural Funds of Knowledge
Authors: Turner Erin E. , Drake Corey
Published: July 2015

Researchers have studied the preparation of elementary teachers to teach mathematics to students from diverse racial, ethnic, and linguistic backgrounds by focusing either on teachers’ learning about children’s mathematical thinking (CMT) or, less frequently, about children’s cultural funds of knowledge (CFoK) related to mathematics. Despite this important work, elementary teachers continue to be underprepared to teach mathematics effectively in diverse communities. We suggest that one way to address this persistent challenge is to integrate these two lines of work. This review focuses on research related to how prospective teachers (PSTs) learn to connect to CMT and CFoK in mathematics instruction. We use the review to describe elements of a robust theoretical framework of PST learning about CMT and CFoK, and synthesize how the studies reviewed contribute to these different elements.
A Systematic Review of the Peer-Reviewed Literature on Self-Blame, Guilt, and Shame
Authors: Duncan Catherine , Cacciatore Joanne
Published: July 2015

This is the first systematic review of the evidence on the prevalence of self-blame, guilt, and shame in bereaved parents. A search of PsychINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PubMed, and Science Direct resulted in 18 studies for the period 1975 to 2013 which the authors have appraised. Self-blame, guilt, and shame are common in bereaved parents, albeit to varying degrees, with differential relationships to sex, and diminishing over time. There is some evidence that guilt and shame predict more intense grief reactions and that self-blame predicts posttraumatic symptomology, anxiety, and depression in bereaved parents. Heterogeneity of the studies and numerous methodological concerns limit the synthesis and strength of the evidence and the generalizability of the findings. Self-blame, guilt, and shame are commonly experienced by bereaved parents. Awareness of these affective states may assist clinicians in the identification of bereaved parents who are at a higher risk of developing adverse psychological outcomes. Overall, self-blame, guilt, and shame have received very little attention in the bereavement research, leaving many unanswered questions. Implications for practice and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Better residential than ethnic discrimination! Reconciling audit and interview findings in the Parisian housing market
Authors: Bonnet Francois , Lalé Etienne , Safi Mirna , Wasmer Etienne
Published: July 2015

This article investigates discrimination and the interplay of residential and ethnic stigma on the French housing market using two different methods: paired-testing audit study of real-estate agencies and face-to-face interviews with real-estate agents. Findings lead to a paradox: interviews reveal high levels of ethnic discrimination but little to no residential discrimination, while the audit study shows that living in deprived suburbs is associated with a lower probability of obtaining an appointment for a housing vacancy but ethnic origin (signalled by the candidate’s name) has no significant discriminatory effect. We have three priors potentially consistent with this apparent paradox and re-evaluate their likelihood in light of these findings: (1) agents make use of any statistical information about insolvency, including residency; (2) there are two distinct and independent taste discriminations, one about space and one about ethnicity; (3) these two dimensions exist and complement each other.
The impact of highway proximity on distribution centres’ rents
Authors: Tchang Gaston
Published: July 2015

Access to a highway is an important issue for distribution centres. In the Netherlands, distribution centres are located at only two kilometres from a highway, on average. This paper estimates the impact of highway proximity on distribution centres’ rents by using hedonic pricing techniques. We show that a one kilometre increase to the nearest highway decreases rents of an average sized distribution centre by about 11,000 euro per year. The distance to the geographic centre of the whole country is also shown to affect rents. For other types of industrial real estate, similar results are found. Based on our results, policymakers responsible for spatial planning or economic development may be able to make better decisions when developing new distribution centres.
Behcet’s disease without oral ulcers presenting with erythema nodosum and deep venous thrombosis
Authors: Ajmani Sajal , Chowdhury Abhra Chandra , Misra Durga Prasanna , Agarwal Vikas
Published: July 2015

We present a young male with recurrent erythema nodosum and recent deep vein thrombosis with scrotal ulcers but no oral ulcers. He was diagnosed as having Behcet's disease (BD) and subsequently responded to immunosuppressants and anticoagulation. This case highlights that up to 2% patients with BD may not have oral ulcers. Timely institution of therapy in our patient resulted in a favorable outcome.
Transformasjonsledelse og økte effektivitetskrav i sykepleien
Authors: Kristoffersen Margareth , Friberg Febe
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this article is to argue for transformational leadership as a relevant theoretical basis for leadership in nursing in meeting with demands of efficiency. Following the introduction of the New Public Management in the health care sector in Norway, efficiency demands in particular give organizational realities that do not coincide with traditional quality in nursing. It is therefore important to study nurses’ experiences in relation to leaders and increased demands on efficiency. Data from a Norwegian empirical study is re-analysed in relation to the main components of the transformational leadership model: idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration. Empirical examples are presented within the frame of the main components of the transformational leadership model. More concretely, the examples show that the nursing leader is a person with great influence. It is of importance how the leader inspires and intellectually stimulates the nurses in their daily work and also takes individual care of them. Our conclusion is that nursing leaders who promote nurses’ capacity may, as an effect of that leadership, find that nurses are better able to meet demands on efficiency.
Intravenous ω‐3 Fatty Acids Plus Gemcitabine
Authors: Arshad Ali , Isherwood John , Mann Christopher , Cooke Jill , Pollard Cristina , Runau Franscois , Morgan Bruno , Steward William , Metcalfe Matthew , Dennison Ashley
Published: July 2015

Background: Marine‐derived ω‐3 fatty acids (ω‐3FAs) have proven antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro and improve quality of life (QOL) in clinical cancer studies. These changes may be mediated by reduction in circulating proangiogenic and proinflammatory factors. In this first study of intravenous ω‐3FAs as a therapy in cancer patients, we aimed to assess if it could augment the antitumor activity of gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer and improve QOL. Materials and Methods: Patients were administered gemcitabine 1000 mg/m3 weekly followed by up to 100 g (200 mg/mL) of ω‐3 rich lipid emulsion for 3 weeks followed by a rest week. This was continued for up to 6 cycles, progression, unacceptable toxicity, patient request, or death. The primary outcome measure was objective response rate, with secondary outcome measures of overall and progression free survival, QOL scores, and adverse events. Results: Fifty patients were recruited. Response rate was 14.3% and disease control rate was 85.7%. Overall and progression free survival were 5.9 and 4.8 months, respectively. Increase in global health of > 10% over baseline was seen in 47.2% of patients. More than 50% of patients had > 10% increase in QOL scores in generic symptom scores and both disease‐specific domains. Grade 3/4 adverse events were thrombocytopenia (8%), neutropenia (12%), nausea or vomiting (4%), and chills (6%). Conclusion: Intravenous ω‐3FAs in combination with gemcitabine shows evidence of improved activity and benefit to QOL in patients with advanced pancreas cancer and is worthy of investigation in a randomized phase III trial.
The “HPV Discussion”
Authors: Khariwala Samir S. , Moore Michael G. , Malloy Kelly M. , Gosselin Benoit , Smith Richard V.
Published: July 2015

Objective

The dramatic rise in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma associated with the human papilloma virus (HPV) has brought significant change to the interaction between patients and head and neck oncologists. HPV‐induced cancers are generally the result of elements from the patient’s sexual history, and otolaryngologists are generally less experienced than primary care physicians in addressing patient questions relating to sexual history and practices. This article addresses questions commonly posed by patients relating to HPV‐induced head and neck cancers, issues related to HPV vaccination, and surveillance of HPV‐related lesions. Supporting data are provided such that physicians may be better equipped to sufficiently address patient queries on this topic.

Data Sources

Available peer‐reviewed literature and clinical practice guidelines.

Review Methods

Assessment and discussion of specific topics by authors selected from the Head and Neck Surgery Education Committee of the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation.

Results

An educational “miniseminar” resulted in a notable increase in attendee knowledge and comfort regarding oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma counseling for patients in the setting of HPV‐positive disease.

Conclusions and Implications for Practice

The dramatic increase in HPV‐associated head and neck cancers has resulted in a changed paradigm of the physician‐patient interaction. Care providers in today’s environment must be prepared to counsel patients regarding sexually transmitted diseases and high‐risk sexual behaviors. Examination of the existing data provides the foundation with which to construct a framework in which physicians can effectively communicate information and recommendations as they pertain to HPV‐related carcinoma.
Job Demands, Job Resources, and Flexible Competence
Authors: Evers Arnoud T. , van der Heijden Béatrice I. J. M. , Kreijns Karel , Vermeulen Marjan
Published: July 2015

Building upon previous research that focused on the relationships between job demands, job resources, and employee psychological well-being, this longitudinal research makes a unique contribution by relating job demands and job resources to teachers’ professional development (TPD) at work and flexible competence, the latter being a key factor in teachers’ career development. This study was carried out among 211 teachers working in primary and secondary education in the Netherlands. TPD at work appeared to be related to flexible competence and proved to be a mediator between job resources, on the one hand, and flexible competence, on the other hand. Job resources positively enhanced TPD at work and in turn were related to flexible competence. Moreover, a direct negative relationship between job demands and flexible competence was found.
Synthesis and optical and electrical properties of self-doped copolymers consisting of N-4-sulfopropylaniline and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene units
Authors: Yamaguchi Isao , Yamonoue Hajime
Published: July 2015

Polymerization of aniline with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) in several molar ratios using ammonium persulfate yielded copolymers consisting of p-aminophenylene (unit A) and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-2,5-diyl (unit B). The content of units A and B in the copolymers depended on the monomer feed ratio. Treatment of the copolymers with sodium hydride deprotonated the NH groups to give polyanions. Subsequent treatment of these polyanions with 1,3-propanesultone yielded copolymers with sodium N-propylsulfonate side groups, which were converted into N-propylsulfonic acid moieties by treatment with diluted hydrochloric acid. The copolymers exhibited absorption peaks at approximately 330 and 650 nm, which can be ascribed, respectively, to the benzenoid π–π* and quinoid n–π* transitions of unit A. The copolymers were subjected to electrochemical oxidation, which was dependent on the contents of units A and B. The electrical conductivity of copolymers with N-propylsulfonic acid side chains was found to be higher than that of copolymers bearing sodium N-propylsulfonate groups.
Effect of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanoreinforcement on the properties of epoxy resin/monoglycidylether-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) nanocomposites
Authors: Florea Nicoleta M , Lungu Adriana , Balanuca Brindusa , Badica Petre , Craciun Liviu , Damian Celina M , Enculescu Monica , Ionescu Cristina , Tihan Gratiela , Iovu Horia
Published: July 2015

This article reports the synthesis and characterization of several types of organic–inorganic nanocomposites based on epoxy resin/monoglycidylether-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) reinforced with 2, 5, or 10 wt% polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) bearing one glycidyl (1GE-POSS) or eight glycidyl(8GE-POSS) groups. The morphological features of the studied samples were established through atomic force microscopy, contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and it was demonstrated that 8GE-POSS is well dispersed within the polymer matrix, while 1GE-POSS exhibits a high tendency to form aggregates. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared resonance (FTIR) measurements are used to follow the curing behavior and to study the polymerization kinetics of epoxy groups. As evidenced by DSC and FTIR results, the inclusion of 8GE-POSS within the polymer matrix leads to a lower epoxy polymerization rate of the resulted nanocomposites than those reinforced with 1GE-POSS. The dynamic mechanical analysis results revealed that the thermomechanical properties are gradually improved with increasing of 8GE-POSS content due to the higher cross-linking density.
Development and characterization of tetraglycidyl epoxy reinforced inorganic hybrid nanomaterials for high performance applications
Authors: Duraibabu D , Alagar M , Kumar S Ananda
Published: July 2015

In the present work, tetraglycidyl 1,4′-bis (4-amine-phenoxy) benzene (TGBAPB) epoxy resin has been developed using 1,4′-bis (4-amine-phenoxy) benzene and epichlorohydrin. The amine-functionalized nanoalumina (F-nAl) was prepared using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. TGBAPB epoxy resin was further reinforced with different weight percentages (1–5 wt%) of F-nAl and were cured with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane. Thermal and thermomechanical behavior of TGBAPB epoxy matrix and nanocomposites were studied using thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric analyses. The surface morphology of epoxy nanocomposites was examined using transmission electron microscopic, scanning electron microscopic, and atomic force microscopic studies respectively.

Data obtained from mechanical and thermal studies/analysis indicate that these nanocomposites could be used as high-performance materials for varied advanced industrial and engineering applications.
Preparation and properties of a composite made by barium sulfate-containing polytetrafluoroethylene granular powder
Authors: Yan Luke , Huang Rongrong , Xiao Jian , Xia Huiyun , Chao Min , Wieβner Sven
Published: July 2015

Barium sulfate (BaSO4)-containing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) granular powder was prepared through a two-phase emulsion dispersion granulation method. Because of its large bulk density, small average particle size, narrow particle size distribution, and superior powder flowability, the granular powder is suitable for use in automatic molding machines. The effects of granulation on the tensile strength of the BaSO4/PTFE composite were investigated, and the composite’s microstructures were characterized and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. All these indicated that the granulation could make BaSO4 disperse more homogeneously in PTFE and reduce many defects in molded articles. So the properties of the BaSO4/PTFE composites made by the granular powder were superior to the composite obtained from the nongranular powder. The tensile strength and elongation of the composite obtained from the granular powder could be achieved to a level of 19.4 MPa and 420%, respectively.
Evaluation of the time-resolved nanoparticle emissions and the vehicle performance characteristics for a turbocharged gasoline direct-injection vehicle with a metal-foam gasoline particulate filter
Authors: Baek Sungha , Jin Dongyoung , Jang Wonwook , Myung Cha-Lee , Park Simsoo , Lee Jeongmin
Published: July 2015

The nanoparticle emissions from gasoline direct-injection engines are of concern because of the high particle number concentrations compared with those from a gasoline port fuel injection engine. A gasoline particulate filter is a potential solution for reducing the particulate matter emissions. In this study, a 2.0 l turbocharged gasoline direct-injection vehicle with a metal-foam-type gasoline particulate filter was tested using the New European Driving Cycle and steady vehicle operating conditions. The particle number concentration, the particle-size distribution and the filtration efficiency were determined using a condensation particle counter and a fast response differential mobility spectrometer (DMS500). The particle number emissions (particle numbers per vehicle travelling distance (particles/km)) over the New European Driving Cycle were 1.95 × 1012 particles/km for a base vehicle equipped with a three-way catalytic converter and 5.68 × 1011 particles/km for the additional installation of a gasoline particulate filter on the base gasoline direct-injection vehicle. The filtration efficiency of the particle number and the particulate matter mass reached approximately 71% and 67% respectively. The nucleation-mode particles in the size range less than 23 nm for the gasoline direct-injection vehicle equipped with a three-way catalytic converter were further reduced on installation of a gasoline particulate filter at the downstream position of the three-way catalytic converter. A sharp pressure drop between the gasoline particulate filter of 21.0 mbar was obtained at a vehicle speed of 120 km/h in the New European Driving Cycle. The exhaust gas temperature before the gasoline particulate filter reached around 380–610 °C at steady vehicle speeds of 60–120 km/h. The installation of the gasoline particulate filter has the potential to satisfy the Euro 6c particle number emissions regulations for light-duty gasoline direct-injection vehicles.
Self-modeling ordinal regression with time invariant covariates – An application to prostate cancer data
Authors: Shirazi Aliakbar Mastani , Das Kalyan , Pinheiro Aluisio
Published: July 2015

In a prostate cancer study, the severity of genito-urinary (bladder) toxicity is assessed for patients who were given different doses of radiation. The ordinal responses (severity of side effects) are recorded longitudinally along with the cancer stage of a patient. Differences among the patients due to time-invariant covariates are captured by the parameters. To build up a suitable framework for an analysis of such data, we propose the use of self-modeling ordinal longitudinal model where the conditional cumulative probabilities for a category of an outcome have a relation with shape-invariant model. Since patients suffering from a common disease usually exhibit a similar pattern, it is natural to build up a nonlinear model that is shape invariant. The model is essentially semi-parametric where the population time curve is modeled with penalized regression spline. Monte Carlo expectation maximization technique is used to estimate the parameters of the model. A simulation study is also carried out to justify the methodology used.
Social Influences of Help-Seeking Behaviour Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Malaysia
Authors: Low Lee Lan , Tong Seng Fah , Low Wah Yun
Published: July 2015

This qualitative study aimed to explore the influence of social networks such as family members, friends, peers, and health care providers toward the help-seeking behaviour (HSB) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the public and private primary care settings. In-depth interviews of 12 patients, 9 family members, and 5 health care providers, as well as 3 focus groups among 13 health care providers were conducted. All interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim for qualitative analysis. Social influences play a significant role in the help-seeking process; once diagnosed, patients source information from people around them to make decisions. This significant influence depends on the relationship between patients and social networks or the level of trust, support, and comforting feeling. Thus, the impacts on patients’ help-seeking behavior are varied. However, the help-seeking process is not solely an individual’s concern but a dynamic process interacting with the social networks within the health care system.
Utilization of an Intravenous Line Lifter Within a Pediatric Oncology Population
Authors: Herriage Teresa , Hooke Mary C. , Streifel Andrew , Slaker Brad
Published: July 2015

Young children with cancer often have central lines. When ambulating during an intravenous infusion, their tubing drags on the hospital floor resulting in contamination of the exterior of the tubing. The tubing can then contaminate the children’s linens, where central line procedures occur, increasing the risk of a central lineassociated blood stream infection. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the IV Line Lifter as a device to decrease contamination of the exterior of IV tubing. Baseline adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence testing was used on the exterior IV tubing to quantify organic matter as relative light units. The bioluminescence tests were performed on ambulatory, inpatient children with cancer ages 2 to 10 years, preimplementation (n = 29) and postimplementation (n = 18) of the IV Line Lifter. Relative light unit levels significantly decreased postimplementation ( P < .001). Users of the device reported ease of ambulation when using the device and a willingness to use again. Results support the need for an IV Line Lifter to keep IV tubing off of the hospital floor, to ease ambulation, and decrease the risk of central line–associated blood stream infection.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Neurobehavioral Outcome in Children With Brain Tumors Treated With Chemotherapy
Authors: Baron Nelson Mary , Compton Peggy , Macey Paul M. , Patel Sunita K. , Jacob Eufemia , O’Neil Sharon , Ogren Jennifer , Finlay Jonathan L. , Harper Ronald M.
Published: July 2015

Background. Childhood brain tumor survivors (CBTS) often experience treatment-related neurocognitive deficits affecting quality of life (QOL), but systemic chemotherapy contributions to outcomes are unclear. Our objective was to relate brain tissue changes to neurocognitive and QOL effects after systemic myeloablative chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell rescue in CBTS. Procedure. Regional brain volumes and diffusion tensor indices were correlated with neurocognitive, behavioral, and QOL measures, and compared between 8 CBTS (mean age 8.5 years, mean age at diagnosis 32 months), and 9 healthy controls (mean 9.3 years). Results. Overall QOL, school, and psychosocial functioning were significantly lower in patients ( P < .05). Most patients scored within normative ranges on neurocognitive and behavioral assessment. Elevated mean diffusivity and decreased fractional anisotropy, indicating gray and white matter injury, respectively, appeared in memory and executive functioning areas. Low scores on Inhibition on the Neuropsychological Assessment–II were correlated with elevated mean diffusivity in prefrontal cortex. Conclusions. Brain injury, decreased QOL, and to a lesser extent, executive functioning deficits appear in CBTS treated with myeloablative chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell rescue. Early cognitive and psychological assessment and intervention are warranted in this population.
Aligning nickel particles for joule heating in epoxy shape memory polymer using a magnetic field and linear vibration
Authors: Beblo Richard V , Joo James J , Reich Gregory W
Published: July 2015

One of the major remaining barriers to the widespread adoption of thermally activated shape memory polymer is the method used to heat them. Presented is an investigation into using 5 μm nickel particles aligned into chains as embedded joule heaters for epoxy shape memory polymer. The high density of particle chain heaters reduces the time and energy required to reach transition by minimizing excess heat required due to the low thermal conductivity of the polymer by heating the material more uniformly. The chains are formed by curing the polymer in a uniform magnetic field generated by two sets of N42SH neodymium magnets above and below the sample approximately 57 mm apart. Modeling of the induced magnetic field within and between particles during curing and an analytical model predicting particle mobility in a fluid with respect to vibration frequency and amplitude are presented and discussed in context to this work. Since epoxy resin has a high viscosity, particle mobility is encouraged by sonicating the sample at 300 Hz at an amplitude of approximately 50 μm prior to polymerization using an industrial shaker and Teflon guides. Copper mesh electrodes are attached to the resulting samples using 10% by volume nickel particle shape memory polymer epoxy. Significant particle alignment is confirmed via optical microscope images. Electrical resistivity is measured as low as 57 Ω mm at nickel volume concentrations of 1.0%. Infrared images of the samples during heating are presented, and electrical energy required with respect to sample thermal capacity is estimated.
Influence of corrugated boundary surface and reinforcement of fibre-reinforced layer on propagation of torsional surface wave
Authors: Singh Abhishek Kumar , Lakshman Anirban , Chattopadhyay Amares
Published: July 2015

These days fibre-reinforced materials are frequently used in construction sector for example in dams, bridges etc. Also the earth structure and artificial structure made by human may contain irregularity or corrugation, therefore, propagation of waves and vibrations through these structures gets affected by them. Motivated by these facts the present problem aims to study the propagation of torsional surface wave in a fibre-reinforced layer with corrugated boundary surface overlying an initially stressed transversely isotropic half-space. The closed form of the dispersion equation has been deduced and the notable effect of reinforcement, undulatory parameter of corrugated boundary surfaces of the layer, corrugation parameter of upper and lower boundary surfaces of the layer, initial stress acting in half-space and wave number on the phase velocity of torsional surface wave has been exhibited. The numerical computation along with graphical illustration has been carried out for fibre-reinforced layer of carbon fibre-epoxy resin and T300/5208 graphite/epoxy material for the transversely isotropic half-space. As a special case of the problem, deduced dispersion equation is found in well-agreement with the classical Love wave equation. Comparative study for reinforced and reinforced free layer has been performed and also depicted graphically. Moreover some analysis is made to highlight the important peculiarities of the problem.
Effect of non-homogeneity on asymmetric vibrations of non-uniform circular plates
Authors: Sharma Seema , Lal R , Singh Neelam
Published: July 2015

This paper investigates asymmetric vibrations of non-homogeneous circular plates of parabolically varying thickness on the basis of classical plate theory. The non-homogeneity of the plate material is assumed to arise due to exponential variation in Young’s modulus as well as density along radial direction in distinct manner. First three natural frequencies of clamped, simply supported and free plates have been obtained using Ritz method. The basis functions have been chosen as polynomial co-ordinate functions satisfying the essential boundary conditions. Thereafter, the effects of taper parameter, non-homogeneity parameter, density parameter and nodal diameter have been analysed for first three modes of vibration. The results obtained are compared with those available in literature for homogeneous and non-homogeneous plates.
Prevalence and Correlates of ADHD Among Adolescent Students in Nigeria
Authors: Umar M. U. , Obindo J. T. , Omigbodun O. O.
Published: July 2015

Objective: To determine the prevalence and psychosocial correlates of ADHD among adolescents in Jos, Nigeria. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive two-stage study of 487 randomly selected participants using Kiddie–Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia–Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrix (SPM) and the Children’s Global Assessment Score (CGAS). Results: The prevalence of ADHD was 8.8%. The subtypes found were inattentive (3.08%), hyperactive-impulsive (2.05%), and combined (3.08%); male:female ratio of 1.4:1. ADHD was significantly associated with use of substance by father (odds ratio [OR] = 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.154, 0.781]), use of substance by mother (OR = 0.2; 95% CI = [0.055, 0.711]), and lower education of mother (OR = 0.3 95% CI = [0.116, 0.693]). Poor quality of handwriting (χ2 = 8.120; p = .010) and impaired global functioning ( t test = 10.756; p < .001) were significantly associated with ADHD in the adolescents. Conclusion: Given the burden of ADHD, efforts should be made to establish a system for the early identification and management.
Principal Stratification
Authors: Page Lindsay C. , Feller Avi , Grindal Todd , Miratrix Luke , Somers Marie-Andree
Published: July 2015

Increasingly, researchers are interested in questions regarding treatment-effect variation across partially or fully latent subgroups defined not by pretreatment characteristics but by postrandomization actions. One promising approach to address such questions is principal stratification. Under this framework, a researcher defines endogenous subgroups, or principal strata, based on post-randomization behaviors under both the observed and the counterfactual experimental conditions. These principal strata give structure to such research questions and provide a framework for determining estimation strategies to obtain desired effect estimates. This article provides a nontechnical primer to principal stratification. We review selected applications to highlight the breadth of substantive questions and methodological issues that this method can inform. We then discuss its relationship to instrumental variables analysis to address binary noncompliance in an experimental context and highlight how the framework can be generalized to handle more complex posttreatment patterns. We emphasize the counterfactual logic fundamental to principal stratification and the key assumptions that render analytic challenges more tractable. We briefly discuss technical aspects of estimation procedures, providing a short guide for interested readers.
Stigmatizing the other: An exploratory study of unintended consequences of eating disorder public service announcements
Authors: Iles Irina A , Atwell Seate Anita , Waks Leah
Published: July 2015

This research explores the intended and unintended consequences of eating disorder public service announcements. We assessed participants’ attitudes toward eating disorders and people with eating disorders, willingness to interact with people with eating disorders, and experience with eating disorders (covariate) at Time 1. At Time 2, participants were randomly assigned to watch a stigmatizing or a non-stigmatizing eating disorder public service announcement. Exposure to the stigmatizing public service announcement resulted in more negative attitudes toward eating disorders and in less willingness to interact with people with eating disorders, but not in significantly more negative attitudes toward people with eating disorders. The discussion highlights the practical implications for health communication campaigns.
Establishing credibility, constructing understanding: The epistemic struggle over healthy eating in the Finnish dietetic blogosphere
Authors: Huovila Janne , Saikkonen Sampsa
Published: July 2015

What constitutes healthy eating is experiencing ongoing public debate, and this debate is increasingly taking place on the Internet. In this article, using a dialectical approach to analyse rhetorical discourse, we investigated how six highly popular Finnish nutrition counselling bloggers construct dietetic credibility and understanding. Their argumentation is compared to that of two academic experts contributing to the blog of the National Institute for Health and Welfare. Theoretically, we draw on Michael Billig’s notions on how thinking and understanding are pervasively argumentative and reflect wider socio-cultural contexts, and on the dilemmatic nature of common sense. We demonstrate how the popular Finnish nutrition counselling bloggers rhetorically constructed a more particularistic and individualistic understanding of healthy eating in their argumentation in critical opposition to the universalistic and population-based understanding. In the popular Finnish nutrition counselling bloggers argumentation, practical, subjective and moral knowledge was valued, alongside abstract, scientific knowledge. In contrast, the National Institute for Health and Welfare bloggers typically utilised population-based averages and causalities in their argumentation. We argue that arguing over healthy eating in the public domain is fundamentally an epistemic struggle, in which different forms of knowledge and ways of knowing are valued, and dilemmas related to healthy eating are deliberated.
Divergence Between Flight Crew Mental Model and Aircraft System State in Auto-Throttle Mode Confusion Accident and Incident Cases
Authors: Silva Sathya S. , Hansman R. John
Published: July 2015

In many aircraft accidents relating to pilot error, flight crews held an inconsistent assumption of the actual state of the system when reacting to a failure or abnormal situation. This paper formally defines divergence between flight crew mental model and actual system state, describes a developed framework to understand the mechanisms behind divergence, and discusses results of analysis of divergence in eight auto-throttle mode confusion accidents and incidents. The framework revealed that divergence occurred in all auto-throttle cases. As divergence was analyzed, it became apparent that reconvergence was also prominent in the accidents and incidents, where seven of eight cases indicated that the crew’s mental model and actual system state regained consistency at some point during the accident timeline. Success of recovery actions was dependent on the timing of reconvergence in relation to the criticality of the situation. Consistent with existing literature, the framework also revealed that breakdowns in situation awareness were apparent during the onset of divergence and as an inhibition of reconvergence. The analysis using the framework of divergence showed that for auto-throttle mode confusion accidents, mitigation efforts would be most effective if targeted toward promoting situation awareness of system state prior to the situation degrading beyond recoverability.
Effects of message framing on intentions towards the Pap test: Moderation by the objective of the recommended behavior, mediated by the valence of mental imagery
Authors: Balbo Laurie , Gavard-Perret Marie-Laure
Published: July 2015

This experimental research examines the effect of message framing (gains vs losses) for a health communication promoting Pap smears on behavioral intentions in a new way: by suggesting a moderation by the objective of the recommended behavior (prevention vs detection), which is, in turn, mediated by the valence (positive vs negative) of mental images. An experiment conducted on 271 women highlights that message framing affects behavioral intentions when the recommended behavior is detection-related. These effects are explained through the valence of visual mental images. The results are discussed, and avenues for further research, especially those arising from the study limitations, are proposed.