bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Young Filmmakers’ Sandbox: Inspiring Creativity by Nurturing Key Skills
Authors: Bolley Cara
Published: December 2016

School-age kids are a hard group to reach, with their involvement in sports, extracurricular activities, video games, and the general busyness of life. This leaves them very little time for library activities.
Appendix to White article
Authors: White Susan B.
Published: December 2016

Appendix A: Readex International Documents Seminar 2002: Schedule
Supplement to 35:3
Authors: Barkley Dan
Published: December 2016

University of New Mexico (Library) Plan
Editor's Corner
Authors: Psyck Elizabeth
Published: December 2016

Welcome to a new year of Documents to the People! I’m hoping that at least some of you made it your new year’s resolution to submit to DttP. (It’s an easy resolution to keep!)This will be a particularly short Editor’s Corner, as I want to dedicate the space normally reserved for me to something more important: ALA presidential candidate responses to questions from GODORT’s chair, Stephen Woods, and Steering. That information, based on notes by Jill Vassilakos-Long and lightly edited, is below.
Documents without Borders: E-Government in the English-Speaking Caribbean Nations: A Comparison of Internet Sites
Authors: Canfield J.
Published: December 2016

The growth of e-government services and Internet presence of governments is a global phenomenon. Even though in much of the Caribbean, citizen access to the Internet ranges from 8.5 to 40.0 percent, Caribbean nations have increasingly developed a web presence. E-government is well-established within the fifteen Caricom nations, which include both English-speaking and non-English–speaking nations. An assessment of the level of maturity, features, and functionality of the web presence of the Caribbean nations indicates a low level of success possibly due to lack of infrastructure. In one report, the Caribbean nations that provide a web presence often failed to provide or provided minimal levels of contact information, hours of operation, email or other means of contact, and failed to offer downloadable or electronic forms.
Giving Government Information the Green Light: Creating and Using the Stoplight Evaluation Guide in the Information Literacy Classroom
Authors: Karn-Carmichael Kathy , Weaver Kari D.
Published: December 2016

Guiding students to use appropriate information for research can be a difficult task in the higher education classroom. As students enter the collegiate ranks, librarians and teaching faculty must work hard to move students away from their Google-centric search strategies and instead use databases of scholarly publications and other appropriate library resources.
An Engaging Remembrance: A Review of the American Battle Monuments Commission Website
Authors: Santose Rachel A.
Published: December 2016

Over 100,000 US military personnel died during World War I, with many of these deaths occurring directly on foreign battlefields. Public Law 389, enacted by the 66th Congress, as well as Public Law 360, enacted by the 80th Congress, allowed for a family’s repatriation of soldier remains to the United States for burial in a national or private cemetery. In 1919, however, the US War Department decided to establish permanent American military cemeteries in Europe and offered this option as an alternative to repatriation. To persuade family members to consent, the War Department needed to ensure these cemeteries were impressive and significant symbols of the American sacrifice on foreign soil; therefore, the War Department detailed a group of Army officers to serve as the Battle Monuments Board in 1921. Two years later, on March 4, 1923, Congress passed the Act for the Creation of an American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC), which established one authoritative organization under Title 36 of the United States Code to control the construction of monuments and memorials to the American military in foreign countries.
By the Numbers: Weather and Climate Go Together
Authors: Stierholz Katrina
Published: December 2016

Which government information webpages are used most frequently? Does it surprise you that weather pages are used more than any other government information pages? (For details on the pages used, see Campbell’s column on the Digital Analytics Program in the previous issue of BTN). The weather.gov domain had over 14 million visits in the past 7 days (when I checked). Every day, the weather is in the news: flash floods, tornadoes, rain, drought, snow, lightning, heat, hurricanes, and cold. Intense weather can be hazardous and costly: Every year people lose their lives and their property to weather events. This column focuses on weather and climate data sources that can help people become “weather-ready and climate-smart” in terms of making their businesses and communities resilient to extreme events.
Legislation Committee Update
Authors: Shuler John
Published: December 2016

As the new Chair, it is my hope that GODORT’s Legislation Committee can, in a structured and deliberative fashion, help our membership become more engaged advocates for the broad access to civic/government information resources and services. The Legislation Committee can help librarians—whether GODORT members or not—recognize how the seemingly multifaceted initiatives other private and public interest groups attempt to shape government information policy—and why our members now to become more directly involved in these conversations and efforts.
By the Numbers: Election Data
Authors: Campbell Pamela , Stierholz Katrina
Published: December 2016

Election-related information covers a broad range of topics—voter registration, voter turnout, opinion polls, election results, and campaign finance data—spanning national, state, and local levels. Who collects and provides all the data related to an election? Interestingly, many sources of election statistics are available online through private institutions (e.g., universities, research institutions) rather than government sources. This applies to both recent information and historical information.This article focuses on just a few of the many resources for election data. Three sources are briefly examined, followed by an in-depth look at one source: the American National Election Studies (ANES). These sources cover a broad range of subject matter and delivery methods. The Library of Congress offers other resources at its election statistics Web Guide (www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/elections/statistics.html).
Resolution on the Restoration of the United Nations Depository Library System
Authors: Government Documents Round Table GODORT
Published: December 2016

Editor’s note: A digital version of this resolution can be found at www.ala.org/offices/resolution-restoration-united-nations-depository-library-system.
Technical Services Assessment
Authors: Mugridge Rebecca L.
Published: December 2016

Academic libraries regularly conduct assessment of library services through the use of rubrics or assessment tools such as LibQUAL (www.libqual.org/home). Technical services activities are frequently assessed; however, the assessment is typically limited to the evaluation of specific processes. This study was designed to explore assessment activities in Pennsylvania’s academic libraries. The author designed a survey to investigate whether technical services activities are assessed, how they are assessed, who is responsible for assessment, how the results of assessment activities are shared with others, and how those results are used to improve services or for other purposes. Sixty-three libraries responded to the survey (a 53 percent response rate). Survey results show that 90 percent of academic libraries in Pennsylvania have conducted some form of assessment of technical services activities but that most of that assessment is quantitative in nature.
Findes morfemer? Om morfologiens rolle i sprogprocessering
Authors: Balling Laura Winther
Published: December 2016

Denne artikel giver et overblik over morfemets rolle i menneskelig sprogprocessering på basis af teoretisk morfologi, psykolingvistik og undersøgelser af dansk ordgenkendelse. Jeg beskriver først hvordan teoretisk morfologi arbejder ud fra enten morfembaserede eller ordbaserede modeller, trods problemer med både morfemet og ordet som teoretiske størrelser. Efterfølgende ser jeg på to relaterede men dog adskilte psykolingvistiske traditioner der begge fokuserer på morfologi: for det første den såkaldte datidsdebat der står mellem på den ene side modeller der skelner skarpt mellem regelmæssige og uregelmæssige ord, og på den anden side modeller der postulerer den samme processeringsmekanisme for alle typer ord; for det andet en bredere ordgenkendelseslitteratur der, i modsætning til datidsdebatten og dens fokus på engelske bøjningsformer, undersøger forskellige sprog og forskellige typer morfologi. Dernæst opsummeres resultaterne fra en række eksperimenter om dansk ordgenkendelse som overordnet set tyder på en funktionel rolle for morfologien. Samtidig viser forskelle mellem forskellige typer ord, komplekse frekvenseffekter og effekter af det lydlige signals overlap med andre ord i sproget et komplekst billede af morfologiens rolle. Til slut opsummeres morfologiens funktionelle rolle i sprogprocesseringen, og de videre perspektiver opridses med en opfordring til et kritisk blik på psykolingvistikkens traditionelle metoder og på både ordet og morfemet som teoretiske størrelser.
Activity-dependent switch of GABAergic inhibition into glutamatergic excitation in astrocyte-neuron networks
Authors: Perea Gertrudis , Gómez Ricardo , Mederos Sara , Covelo Ana , Ballesteros Jesús J , Schlosser Laura , Hernández-Vivanco Alicia , Martín-Fernández Mario , Quintana Ruth , Rayan Abdelrahman , Díez Adolfo , Fuenzalida Marco , Agarwal Amit , Bergles Dwight E , Bettler Bernhard , Manahan-Vaughan Denise , Martín Eduardo D , Kirchhoff Frank , Araque Alfonso
Published: December 2016

Interneurons are critical for proper neural network function and can activate Ca2+ signaling in astrocytes. However, the impact of the interneuron-astrocyte signaling into neuronal network operation remains unknown. Using the simplest hippocampal Astrocyte-Neuron network, i.e., GABAergic interneuron, pyramidal neuron, single CA3-CA1 glutamatergic synapse, and astrocytes, we found that interneuron-astrocyte signaling dynamically affected excitatory neurotransmission in an activity- and time-dependent manner, and determined the sign (inhibition vs potentiation) of the GABA-mediated effects. While synaptic inhibition was mediated by GABAA receptors, potentiation involved astrocyte GABAB receptors, astrocytic glutamate release, and presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors. Using conditional astrocyte-specific GABAB receptor (Gabbr1) knockout mice, we confirmed the glial source of the interneuron-induced potentiation, and demonstrated the involvement of astrocytes in hippocampal theta and gamma oscillations in vivo. Therefore, astrocytes decode interneuron activity and transform inhibitory into excitatory signals, contributing to the emergence of novel network properties resulting from the interneuron-astrocyte interplay.
Molecular basis of outer kinetochore assembly on CENP-T
Authors: Huis in 't Veld Pim J , Jeganathan Sadasivam , Petrovic Arsen , Singh Priyanka , John Juliane , Krenn Veronica , Weissmann Florian , Bange Tanja , Musacchio Andrea
Published: December 2016

Stable kinetochore-microtubule attachment is essential for cell division. It requires recruitment of outer kinetochore microtubule binders by centromere proteins C and T (CENP-C and CENP-T). To study the molecular requirements of kinetochore formation, we reconstituted the binding of the MIS12 and NDC80 outer kinetochore subcomplexes to CENP-C and CENP-T. Whereas CENP-C recruits a single MIS12:NDC80 complex, we show here that CENP-T binds one MIS12:NDC80 and two NDC80 complexes upon phosphorylation by the mitotic CDK1:Cyclin B complex at three distinct CENP-T sites. Visualization of reconstituted complexes by electron microscopy supports this model. Binding of CENP-C and CENP-T to MIS12 is competitive, and therefore CENP-C and CENP-T act in parallel to recruit two MIS12 and up to four NDC80 complexes. Our observations provide a molecular explanation for the stoichiometry of kinetochore components and its cell cycle regulation, and highlight how outer kinetochore modules bridge distances of well over 100 nm.
Ca isotopic geochemistry of an Antarctic aquatic system
Authors: Lyons W. Berry , Bullen Thomas D. , Welch Kathleen A.
Published: December 2016

The McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, are a polar desert ecosystem. The hydrologic system of the dry valleys is linked to climate with ephemeral streams that flow from glacial melt during the austral summer. Past climate variations have strongly influenced the closed‐basin, chemically stratified lakes on the valley floor. Results of previous work point to important roles for both in‐stream processes (e.g., mineral weathering, precipitation and dissolution of salts) and in‐lake processes (e.g., mixing with paleo‐seawater and calcite precipitation) in determining the geochemistry of these lakes. These processes have a significant influence on calcium (Ca) biogeochemistry in this aquatic ecosystem, and thus variations in Ca stable isotope compositions of the waters can aid in validating the importance of these processes. We have analyzed the Ca stable isotope compositions of streams and lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. The results validate the important roles of weathering of aluminosilicate minerals and/or CaCO3 in the hyporheic zone of the streams, and mixing of lake surface water with paleo‐seawater and precipitation of Ca‐salts during cryo‐concentration events to form the deep lake waters. The lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys evolved following different geochemical pathways, evidenced by their unique, nonsystematic Ca isotope signatures.
Eddy saturation and frictional control of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Authors: Marshall David P. , Ambaum Maarten H. P. , Maddison James R. , Munday David R. , Novak Lenka
Published: December 2016

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is the strongest current in the ocean and has a pivotal impact on ocean stratification, heat content, and carbon content. The circumpolar volume transport is relatively insensitive to surface wind forcing in models that resolve turbulent ocean eddies, a process termed “eddy saturation.” Here a simple model is presented that explains the physics of eddy saturation with three ingredients: a momentum budget, a relation between the eddy form stress and eddy energy, and an eddy energy budget. The model explains both the insensitivity of circumpolar volume transport to surface wind stress and the increase of eddy energy with wind stress. The model further predicts that circumpolar transport increases with increased bottom friction, a counterintuitive result that is confirmed in eddy‐permitting calculations. These results suggest an unexpected and important impact of eddy energy dissipation, through bottom drag or lee wave generation, on ocean stratification, ocean heat content, and potentially atmospheric CO2.
Temperature of the plasmasphere from Van Allen Probes HOPE
Authors: Genestreti K. J. , Goldstein J. , Corley G. D. , Farner W. , Kistler L. M. , Larsen B. A. , Mouikis C. G. , Ramnarace C. , Skoug R. M. , Turner N. E.
Published: December 2016

We introduce two novel techniques for estimating temperatures of very low energy space plasmas using, primarily, in situ data from an electrostatic analyzer mounted on a charged and moving spacecraft. The techniques are used to estimate proton temperatures during intervals where the bulk of the ion plasma is well below the energy bandpass of the analyzer. Both techniques assume that the plasma may be described by a one‐dimensional
drifting Maxwellian and that the potential field and motion of the spacecraft may be accounted for in the simplest possible manner, i.e., by a linear shift of coordinates. The first technique involves the application of a constrained theoretical fit to a measured distribution function. The second technique involves the comparison of total and partial‐energy number densities. Both techniques are applied to Van Allen Probes Helium, Oxygen, Proton, and Electron (HOPE) observations of the proton component of the plasmasphere during two orbits on 15 January 2013. We find that the temperatures calculated from these two order‐of‐magnitude‐type techniques are in good agreement with typical ranges of the plasmaspheric temperature calculated using retarding potential analyzer‐based measurements—generally between 0.2 and 2 eV (2000–20,000 K). We also find that the temperature is correlated with L shell and hot plasma density and is negatively correlated with the cold plasma density. We posit that the latter of these three relationships may be indicative of collisional or wave‐driven heating of the plasmasphere in the ring current overlap region. We note that these techniques may be easily applied to similar data sets or used for a variety of purposes.
Phase sorting wave‐particle correlator
Authors: Kletzing C. A. , LaBelle J. , Bounds S. R. , Dolan J. , Kaeppler S. R. , Dombrowski M.
Published: December 2016

Wave‐particle correlations, particularly of Langmuir waves and electrons, have been the subject of significant interest extending back to the 1970s. Often, these correlations have been simply observing modulation of the electrons at the plasma frequency with no phase resolution. The first phase‐resolving correlators were developed at UC Berkeley in the late 1980s and reported by Ergun in the early 1990s. A design is presented which further improves on phase resolution in correlations of Langmuir waves and electrons with phase resolution of 22.5°. In this technique, a phase‐locked loop (PLL) is used to lock onto the wave and subdivide the phase. Electrons are sorted on‐the‐fly as they arrive into the phase bins. Discussed are details of accurate timing, testing, and calibration of this system as well as results from rocket flights in which statistically significant phase correlations have been observed.
Hydrodynamic influences on acoustical and optical backscatter in a fringing reef environment
Authors: Pawlak Geno , Moline Mark A. , Terrill Eric J. , Colin Patrick L.
Published: December 2016

Observations of hydrodynamics along with optical and acoustical water characteristics in a tropical fringing reef environment reveal a distinct signature associated with flow characteristics and tidal conditions. Flow conditions are dominated by tidal forcing with an offshore component from the reef flat during ebb. Measurements span variable wave conditions enabling identification of wave effects on optical and acoustical water properties. High‐frequency acoustic backscatter (6 MHz) is strongly correlated with tidal forcing increasing with offshore directed flow and modulated by wave height, indicating dominant hydrodynamic influence. Backscatter at 300 and 1200 kHz is predominantly diurnal suggesting a biological component. Optical backscatter is closely correlated with high‐frequency acoustic backscatter across the range of study conditions. Acoustic backscatter frequency dependence is used along with changes in optical properties to interpret particle‐size variations. Changes across wave heights suggest shifts in particle‐size distributions with increases in relative concentrations of smaller particles for larger wave conditions. Establishing a connection between the physical processes of a fringing tropical reef and the resulting acoustical and optical signals allows for interpretation and forecasting of the remote sensing response of these phenomena over larger scales.
A calibration‐free formulation of the complementary relationship of evaporation for continental‐scale hydrology
Authors: Szilagyi Jozsef , Crago Richard , Qualls Russell
Published: December 2016

An important scaling consideration is introduced into the formulation of the complementary relationship (CR) of land surface evapotranspiration (ET) by specifying the maximum possible evaporation rate (Epmax) of a small water body (or wet patch) as a result of adiabatic drying from the prevailing near‐neutral atmospheric conditions. In dimensionless form the CR therefore becomes yB = f(
xB) = f(X) = 2X2 − X3, where yB = ET/Ep, xB = Ew/Ep. Ew is the wet‐environment evaporation rate as given by the Priestley‐Taylor equation, Ep is the evaporation rate of the same small wet surface for which Epmax is specified and estimated by the Penman equation. With the help of North American Regional Reanalysis data, the CR this way yields better continental‐scale performance than earlier, calibrated versions of it and is on par with current land surface model results, the latter requiring vegetation, soil information and soil moisture bookkeeping. Validation has been performed by Parameter‐Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model precipitation and United States Geological Survey runoff data. A novel approach is also introduced to calculate the value of the Priestley‐Taylor parameter to be used with continental‐scale data, making the new formulation of the CR completely calibration free.
Flood type specific construction of synthetic design hydrographs
Authors: Brunner Manuela I. , Viviroli Daniel , Sikorska Anna E. , Vannier Olivier , Favre Anne‐Catherine , Seibert Jan
Published: December 2016

Accurate estimates of flood peaks, corresponding volumes, and hydrographs are required to design safe and cost‐effective hydraulic structures. In this paper, we propose a statistical approach for the estimation of the design variables peak and volume by constructing synthetic design hydrographs for different flood types such as flash‐floods, short‐rain floods, long‐rain floods, and rain‐on‐snow floods. Our approach relies on the fitting of probability density functions to observed flood hydrographs of a certain flood type and accounts for the dependence between peak discharge and flood volume. It makes use of the statistical information contained in the data and retains the process information of the flood type. The method was tested based on data from 39 mesoscale catchments in Switzerland and provides catchment specific and flood type specific synthetic design hydrographs for all of these catchments. We demonstrate that flood type specific synthetic design hydrographs are meaningful in flood‐risk management when combined with knowledge on the seasonality and the frequency of different flood types.
Nutrient processes at the stream‐lake interface for a channelized versus unmodified stream mouth
Authors: Niswonger Richard , Naranjo Ramon , Smith David , Constantz Jim , Allander Kip , Rosenberry Donald , Neilson Bethany , Rosen Michael R. , Stonestrom David
Published: December 2016

Inorganic forms of nitrogen and phosphorous impact freshwater lakes by stimulating primary production and affecting water quality and ecosystem health. Communities around the world are motivated to sustain and restore freshwater resources and are interested in processes controlling nutrient inputs. We studied the environment where streams flow into lakes, referred to as the stream‐lake interface (SLI), for a channelized and unmodified stream outlet. Channelization is done to protect infrastructure or recreational beach areas. We collected hydraulic and nutrient data for surface water and shallow groundwater in two SLIs to develop conceptual models that describe characteristics that are representative of these hydrologic features. Water, heat, and solute transport models were used to evaluate hydrologic conceptualizations and estimate mean residence times of water in the sediment. A nutrient mass balance model is developed to estimate net rates of adsorption and desorption, mineralization, and nitrification along subsurface flow paths. Results indicate that SLIs are dynamic sources of nutrients to lakes and that the common practice of channelizing the stream at the SLI decreases nutrient concentrations in pore water discharging along the lakeshore. This is in contrast to the unmodified SLI that forms a barrier beach that disconnects the stream from the lake and results in higher nutrient concentrations in pore water discharging to the lake. These results are significant because nutrient delivery through pore water seepage at the lakebed from the natural SLI contributes to nearshore algal communities and produces elevated concentrations of inorganic nutrients in the benthic zone where attached algae grow.
Impact of evapotranspiration process representation on runoff projections from conceptual rainfall‐runoff models
Authors: Guo Danlu , Westra Seth , Maier Holger R.
Published: December 2016

Conceptual rainfall‐runoff models are commonly used to estimate potential changes in runoff due to climate change. The development of these models has generally focused on reproducing runoff characteristics, with less scrutiny on other important processes such as the conversion from potential evapotranspiration (PET) to actual evapotranspiration (AET). This study uses three conceptual rainfall‐runoff models (GR4J, AWBM, and IHACRES_CMD) and five catchments in climatologically different regions of Australia to explore the role of ET process representation on the sensitivity of runoff to plausible future changes in PET. The changes in PET were simulated using the Penman‐Monteith model and by perturbing each of the driving variables (temperature, solar radiation, humidity, and wind) separately. Surprisingly, the results showed the potential of a more than sevenfold difference in runoff sensitivity per unit change in annual average PET, depending on both the rainfall‐runoff model and the climate variable used to perturb PET. These differences were largely due to different ways used to convert PET to AET in the conceptual rainfall‐runoff models, with particular dependencies on the daily wet/dry status, as well as the seasonal variations in store levels. By comparing the temporal patterns in simulated AET with eddy‐covariance‐based observations at two of the study locations, we highlighted some unrealistic behavior in the simulated AET from AWBM. Such process‐based evaluations are useful for scrutinizing the representation of physical processes in alternative conceptual rainfall‐runoff models, which can be particularly useful for selecting models for projecting runoff under a changing climate.
The influence of mixing on stable isotope ratios in porous media: A revised Rayleigh model
Authors: Druhan Jennifer L. , Maher Kate
Published: December 2016

For an irreversible reaction, the Rayleigh or distillation‐type relationship between stable isotope enrichment and reactant concentration is compromised if fluid samples are characterized by a range of water ages or different extents of reaction progress. Such mixed samples are rarely avoided in the standard methods of sampling fluid from natural porous media. As a result, application of a Rayleigh model to stable isotope ratios measured in aquifers commonly requires a diminished or effective fractionation factor relative to the intrinsic value obtained in the absence of transport effects. Thus, quantitative application of intrinsic parameter values to a fractionating reaction occurring in porous media flow requires revision to the functional form of the relationship between reactant concentration and isotope fractionation. Here we derive a series of analytical solutions for the relationship between fractionation and flow subject to nonuniform fluid travel time distributions. These solutions are unique from previous approaches in that they avoid the use of a dispersion coefficient. The results are demonstrated against multicomponent reactive transport simulations of stable isotope fractionation in homogeneous and spatially correlated heterogeneous flow fields, and applied to a data set of stable chromium (Cr) isotope enrichment obtained from a contaminated aquifer. We show that the flux‐weighted isotope ratio of a solute is more sensitive to the effects of physical heterogeneity than solute concentrations. Our results support an updated functional form of the traditional Rayleigh model that describes the relationship between reactant concentration and isotope fractionation and is valid for a mixed‐fluid sample.
A Cell‐Based Self‐Assembly Approach for the Production of Human Osseous Tissues from Adipose‐Derived Stromal/Stem Cells
Authors: Galbraith Todd , Clafshenkel William P. , Kawecki Fabien , Blanckaert Camille , Labbé Benoit , Fortin Michel , Auger François A. , Fradette Julie
Published: December 2016

Achieving optimal bone defect repair is a clinical challenge driving intensive research in the field of bone tissue engineering. Many strategies focus on seeding graft materials with progenitor cells prior to in vivo implantation. Given the benefits of closely mimicking tissue structure and function with natural materials, the authors hypothesize that under specific culture conditions, human adipose‐derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs) can solely be used to engineer human reconstructed osseous tissues (hROTs) by undergoing osteoblastic differentiation with concomitant extracellular matrix production and mineralization. Therefore, the authors are developing a self‐assembly methodology allowing the production of such osseous tissues. Three‐dimensional (3D) tissues reconstructed from osteogenically‐induced cell sheets contain abundant collagen type I and are 2.7‐fold less contractile compared to non‐osteogenically induced tissues. In particular, hROT differentiation and mineralization is reflected by a greater amount of homogenously distributed alkaline phosphatase, as well as higher calcium‐containing hydroxyapatite (P < 0.0001) and osteocalcin (P < 0.0001) levels compared to non‐induced tissues. Taken together, these findings show that hASC‐driven tissue engineering leads to hROTs that demonstrate structural and functional characteristics similar to native osseous tissue. These highly biomimetic human osseous tissues will advantageously serve as a platform for molecular studies as well as for future therapeutic in vivo translation.
Synthetic Saccharomyces cerevisiae‐Shewanella oneidensis consortium enables glucose‐fed high‐performance microbial fuel cell
Authors: Lin Tong , Bai Xue , Hu Yidan , Li Bingzhi , Yuan Ying‐Jin , Song Hao , Yang Yun , Wang Jingyu
Published: December 2016

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were green and sustainable bio‐electrochemical reactors for simultaneous wastewater treatment and electricity harvest from organic wastes. However, exoelectrogens, such as Shewanella and Geobacter being widely studied in MFCs, could only use a limited spectrum of carbon sources. To expand the carbon source range being used in MFCs, we herein rationally designed a glucose‐fed fungus‐bacteria microbial consortium including a fermenter (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in which the ethanol pathway was knocked out and the lactic acid biosynthesis pathway from Bovin was introduced into S. cerevisiae, and an exoelectrogen (Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1). We optimized the co‐culturing conditions of the microbial consortium to achieve an optimal coordination between carbon source metabolism of the fermenter and extracellular electron transfer of the exoelectrogen, such that lactate, the metabolic product of glucose by the recombinant S. cerevisiae, was continuously supplied to S. oneidensis in a constant level until glucose exhaustion. This metabolic coordination between the fermenter and the exoelectrogen enabled bioelectricity production in a glucose‐fed MFC. Furthermore, a porin protein encoded by oprF gene from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was incorporated into the outer membrane of S. oneidensis to enhance membrane permeability and its hydrophobicity, which in turn facilitated its biofilm formation and power generation. The glucose‐fed MFC inoculated with the recombinant S. cerevisiae‐recombinant S. oneidensis generated a maximum power density of 123.4 mW/m2, significantly higher than that of recombinant S. cerevisiae‐wild‐type S. oneidensis (71.5 mW/m2). Our design strategy of synthetic microbial consortia was highly scalable to empower the possibility of a wide range of carbon sources being used in MFCs, e.g., xylose, cellulosic biomass, and recalcitrant wastes. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1830–1838, 2017
Interband Absorption Enhanced Optical Activity in Discrete Au@Ag Core–Shell Nanocuboids: Probing Extended Helical Conformation of Chemisorbed Cysteine Molecules
Authors: Bao Zhi Yong , Zhang Wei , Zhang Yong‐Liang , He Jijun , Dai Jiyan , Yeung Chi‐Tung , Law Ga‐Lai , Lei Dang Yuan
Published: December 2016

Detailed understanding of the interaction between a chiral molecule and a noble metal surface is essential to rationalize and advance interfacial self‐assembly of amino acids and metal‐mediated anchoring of proteins. Here we demonstrate that individual Au@Ag core–shell nanocuboids can serve as a plasmonic reporter of an extended helical network formed among chemisorbed cysteine molecules, through generating an interband absorption enhanced, Ag‐surface‐exclusive circular dichroism (CD) band in the UV region. The observed unusual, strong CD response in the hybrid Au@Ag–cysteine system can be used to probe in real time conformational evolution and structural rearrangement of biomolecules in general and also monitor the interfacial interaction between a metal surface and an adsorbed molecule, opening up the possibility of using Ag nanostructures as promising stereochemically attuned nanosensors.
Development and Cycloaddition Reactivity of a New Class of Pyridine‐Based Mesoionic 1,3‐Dipole
Authors: Erguven Huseyin , Leitch David C. , Keyzer Evan N. , Arndtsen Bruce A.
Published: December 2016

We describe here the development and structural characterization of a new type of mesoionic 1,3‐dipole, which can be generated in the one‐step reaction of imines with pyridine‐ or quinoline‐based acid chlorides. Coupling the formation of these dipoles with alkyne cycloaddition can open a general and modular route to synthesize indolizines from combinations of available and diversifiable building blocks.
A Leaf‐Inspired Luminescent Solar Concentrator for Energy‐Efficient Continuous‐Flow Photochemistry
Authors: Cambié Dario , Zhao Fang , Hessel Volker , Debije Michael G. , Noël Timothy
Published: December 2016

The use of solar light to promote chemical reactions holds significant potential with regard to sustainable energy solutions. While the number of visible light‐induced transformations has increased significantly, the use of abundant solar light has been extremely limited. We report a leaf‐inspired photomicroreactor that constitutes a merger between luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) and flow photochemistry to enable green and efficient reactions powered by solar irradiation. This device based on fluorescent dye‐doped polydimethylsiloxane collects sunlight, focuses the energy to a narrow wavelength region, and then transports that energy to embedded microchannels where the flowing reactants are converted.
Chemical Bonding Analysis as a Guide for the Preparation of New Compounds: The Case of VIrGe and HfPtGe
Authors: Bende David , Wagner Frank R. , Sichevych Olga , Grin Yuri
Published: December 2016

The chemical bonding of transition metal compounds with a MgAgAs‐type of crystal structure is analyzed with quantum chemical position‐space techniques. The observed trends in QTAIM Madelung energy and nearest neighbor electron sharing explain the occurrence of recently synthesized MgAgAs‐type compounds, TiPtGe and TaIrGe, at the boundary to the TiNiSi‐type crystal structure. These bonding indicators are used to identify favorable element combinations for new MgAgAs‐type compounds. The new phases—the high‐temperature VIrGe and the low‐temperature HfPtGe—showing this type of crystal structure are prepared and characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis.
Oxygen Activation at the Active Site of a Fungal Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase
Authors: O'Dell William B. , Agarwal Pratul K. , Meilleur Flora
Published: December 2016

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases have attracted vast attention owing to their abilities to disrupt glycosidic bonds via oxidation instead of hydrolysis and to enhance enzymatic digestion of recalcitrant substrates including chitin and cellulose. We have determined high‐resolution X‐ray crystal structures of an enzyme from Neurospora crassa in the resting state and of a copper(II) dioxo intermediate complex formed in the absence of substrate. X‐ray crystal structures also revealed “pre‐bound” molecular oxygen adjacent to the active site. An examination of protonation states enabled by neutron crystallography and density functional theory calculations identified a role for a conserved histidine in promoting oxygen activation. These results provide a new structural description of oxygen activation by substrate free lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases and provide insights that can be extended to reactivity in the enzyme–substrate complex.
Beryllium Phosphine Complexes: Synthesis, Properties, and Reactivity of (PMe3)2BeCl2 and (Ph2PC3H6PPh2)BeCl2
Authors: Buchner Magnus R. , Müller Matthias , Rudel Stefan S.
Published: December 2016

The directed synthesis, spectroscopic properties, and reactivity of bis(trimethylphosphine) beryllium dichloride (1) and bis(diphenylphosphino)propane beryllium dichloride (2) are reported, including the crystal structure of (PMe3)2BeCl2 (1). These four‐coordinate beryllium compounds can be alkylated with n‐butyllithium (nBuLi) to give three‐coordinate (Ph2PC3H6PPh2)BenBu2 (3) and (PMe3)BenBu2 (4). PMe3 can be removed from (PMe3)BenBu2 (4) in vacuo to yield [nBu2Be]2 (5). For the first time, the presence of [nBu2Be]2 as a dimer in solution, which has been postulated for decades, could be observed spectroscopically. This novel, ether‐free pathway provides access to beryllium dialkyl compounds that have never been in contact with oxygen‐atom‐containing reagents or solvents. This “freeness from oxygen” is crucial for semiconductor applications where oxygen is often unwanted and must be avoided at all costs.
Asymmetric Strecker Reaction Arising from the Molecular Orientation of an Achiral Imine at the Single‐Crystal Face: Enantioenriched l‐ and d‐Amino Acids
Authors: Miyagawa Shinobu , Yoshimura Koji , Yamazaki Yusuke , Takamatsu Naoya , Kuraishi Tetsuya , Aiba Shohei , Tokunaga Yuji , Kawasaki Tsuneomi
Published: December 2016

Strecker synthesis has long been considered one of the prebiotic reactions for the synthesis of α‐amino acids. However, the correlation between the origin of chirality and highly enantioenriched α‐amino acids through this method remains a puzzle. In the reaction, it may be conceivable that the handedness of amino acids has been determined at the formation stage of the chiral intermediate α‐aminonitrile, that is, the enantioselective addition of hydrogen cyanide to an imine. Herein, an enantiotopic crystal surface of an achiral imine acted as an origin of chirality for the enantioselective formation of α‐aminonitriles by the addition of HCN. In conjunction with the amplification of the enantiomeric excess and multiplication of enantioenriched aminonitrile, a large amount of near enantiopure α‐amino acids, with the l‐ and d‐handedness corresponding to the molecular orientation of the imine, is reported.
Malachite green adsorption by potassium salts‐activated carbons derived from textile sludge: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics studies
Authors: Tang S.H. , Zaini M.A.A.
Published: December 2016

This work is aimed at evaluating the adsorption of malachite green (MG) on potassium salts‐activated carbons derived from textile sludge. Potassium hydroxide (KOH), potassium iodide (KI), and the potassium salts (KOH + KI) composite were used in chemical activation. The physicochemical properties of the activated carbons were characterized according to textural and surface chemistry. The specific surface area of activated carbon is in the range of 66 to 584 m2/g. The KOH and KI + KOH composite series exhibit a higher surface area. The maximum MG adsorption are between 167 and 113 mg/g. Langmuir model shows the best conformity to the equilibrium data, while the kinetics data were best fitted to the pseudo‐second‐order model, suggesting the chemisorption process. The intraparticle diffusion maybe involved, but it is not the sole rate‐limiting step, while the film diffusion could be the controlling mechanism. Thermodynamics data revealed that the MG adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic. Copyright © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human behavioural ecology and Pacific archaeology
Authors: DINAPOLI ROBERT J. , MORRISON ALEX E.
Published: December 2016

The diverse islands of Oceania are ideal locations for the study of human ecology. Here, we argue that human behavioural ecology (HBE) provides a useful theoretical framework to approach a range of topics in Pacific prehistory, including, but not limited to, subsistence, territoriality, and monumentality. We further stress that the strength of this approach lies in the use of models as heuristic devices, and that HBE is not mutually exclusive from other explanatory frameworks, but complements larger research agendas in Pacific archaeology.
The absorption kinetics of ketoconazole plays a major role in explaining the reported variability in the level of interaction with midazolam: Interplay between formulation and inhibition of gut wall and liver metabolism
Authors: Liu Bo , Crewe H. Kim , Ozdemir Mahmut , Rowland Yeo Karen , Tucker Geoffrey , Rostami‐Hodjegan Amin
Published: December 2016

The impact of different single oral doses of ketoconazole (KTZ) (100, 200 and 400 mg) and of staggering its dosage (400 mg at −12, −2, 0, 2 and 4 h), with respect to the administration of a single 5 mg oral dose of midazolam (MDZ) on the extent of inhibition of the metabolism of the latter, was evaluated in healthy subjects in two separate studies. Escalation of the ketoconazole dosage resulted in 2.3 (1.9), 2.7 (1.7) and 4.2 (2.5) ‐fold increases in the mean AUC(0,12h) (and Cmax) values of midazolam. Dose‐staggering was associated with 3.9 (2.5), 4.9 (2.9), 5.4 (2.8), 2.0 (1.3) and 1.2 (0.9) ‐fold increases in the mean AUC(0,12h) (and Cmax) of midazolam. These findings could be predicted by physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling using the ADAM (advanced dissolution absorption and metabolism) model within the Simcyp Simulator (Version 12 Release 2) to characterize the absorption kinetics of ketoconazole with respect to disintegration time, supersaturation ratio and precipitation rate. This study also emphasizes a need to account for inter‐individual variability in the gut wall and systemic exposure of inhibitors with physicochemical properties similar to ketoconazole, in particular in their rate of oral absorption and when using different pharmaceutical formulations, in designing and evaluating the extent of drug–drug interactions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Skin‐mimetic chromatography for prediction of human percutaneous absorption of biologically active compounds occurring in medicinal plant extracts
Authors: Stepnik Katarzyna , Malinowska Irena
Published: December 2016

The main aim of this study was to predict quantitatively human percutaneous absorption of chosen compounds commonly occurring in plants which can be used as medicinal extracts in the drug and beauty industries. The most important human percutaneous descriptors, i.e. logKp (logarithm of the water/skin partition coefficient) and logJmax (logarithm of the maximum flux of solutes penetrating the skin), of fatty acids and polyphenols were determined using both in vitro and in silico methods. For in vitro determination of human percutaneous absorption, micellar liquid chromatography based on hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, sodium dodecyl sulfate and polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether (Brij35) was used. Human percutaneous absorption was characterized by entirely new QSAR/QRAR models based on retention, lipophilic, steric and electronic data as well as on the linear free energy relationship parameters. Many different correlations between human skin absorption and different physicochemical parameters were performed, e.g. the in silico estimated logKp value was correlated with the retention parameter logkw (logarithm of the retention factor extrapolated to pure water) from the systems imitating a cutaneous environment (R2 = 0.92). Moreover, the influence of lipophilicity on percutaneous absorption was examined. The obtained correlation was excellent (R2 = 0.95).
Experiences of therapists who integrate walk and talk into their professional practice
Authors: Revell Stephanie , McLeod John
Published: December 2016

Background

There has been increasing interest in recent years in the possibilities arising from conducting psychotherapy in outdoor settings, for example through the use of ‘walk and talk’ sessions.

Aim

This study aimed to explore the experiences of practitioners who use this approach, in terms of helpful and hindering factors.

Method

Eighteen walk and talk practitioners completed an online mixed‐methods questionnaire.

Findings

Participants perceived that walking and talking can help shift ‘stuckness’ in clients and facilitate psychological processing. In addition, practitioners indicated that walking side by side can promote a collaborative way of working. Hindering factors included working with uncertainty, issues around maintaining boundaries and the requirement to develop new skills.

Limitations

The sample size and use of an online survey limited the amount and richness of information obtained.

Implications

The results suggest that walk and talk is an emergent psychotherapeutic approach, characterised by a substantial degree of consensus across practitioners regarding the rationale for this type of intervention, and the facilitative processes that are supported by it. It would be valuable to develop research‐informed guidelines and training opportunities to support safe practice in this area of work.
Progressive counting with therapy clients with post‐traumatic stress disorder: Three cases
Authors: Jarecki Kriss , Greenwald Ricky
Published: December 2016

Background

Progressive counting (PC) is a recently developed trauma treatment that has shown promise in several studies with non‐therapy‐client samples.

Aim

The aim of this archival study was to determine whether PC's effectiveness found in other research might carry over to post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) cases in clinical practice.

Method

The present case series included three consecutive cases in the first author's clinical practice, in which the client was diagnosed with PTSD, and in which PC was used.

Findings

Each participant showed remission of PTSD and substantial reduction or elimination of presenting problems, with results persisting at one‐year follow‐up. Three other cases, which were excluded because post‐treatment or follow‐up data were not available, showed a similar pattern of symptom reduction.

Implications

These findings suggest that PC can be beneficial with therapy clients with PTSD.