bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) Antennas via Mode Combining and Canceling in Near-field
Authors: Byun Woo Jin , Do Choi Hyung , Cho Yong Heui
Published: October 2017

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode combining and canceling in the near-field was investigated using a Cassegrain dual-reflectarray antenna composed of multiple microstrip patches on the main and sub-reflectarrays. Microstrip patches on dielectric substrates were designed to radiate the particular OAM modes for arithmetic mode combining, where two OAM wave-generating reflectarrays are very closely placed in the near-field. We conducted near-field antenna measurements at 18 [GHz] by manually replacing the sub-reflectarray substrates with different OAM mode numbers of 0, ±1, when the OAM mode number of the main reflectarray was fixed to +1. We subsequently checked the azimuthal phase distributions of the reflected total electromagnetic waves in the near-field, and verified that the OAM waves mutually reflected from the main and sub-reflectarrays are added or subtracted to each other according to their OAM mode numbers. Based on our proposal, an OAM mode-canceling reflectarray antenna was designed, and the following measurements indicate that the antenna has a better reflection bandwidth and antenna gain than a conventional reflectarray antenna. The concept of OAM mode canceling in the near-field can contribute widely to a new type of low-profile, broad-reflection bandwidth, and high-gain antenna.
Effect of a positive Sea Surface Temperature anomaly on a Mediterranean tornadic supercell
Authors: Miglietta Mario Marcello , Mazon Jordi , Motola Vincenzo , Pasini Antonello
Published: October 2017

Extreme events represent a topic of paramount importance and a challenge for modelling investigations. Due to the need of high-resolution models, the study of severe localized convective phenomena is even more critical, especially in relation to changes in forcing factors, such as sea surface temperatures (SSTs), in future climate scenarios. Here, we analyze the effect of changes in SSTs on the intensity of a tornadic supercell in the Mediterranean through modelling investigations. We show dramatic (nonlinear) changes for updraft helicity and vertical velocity, which measure the intensity of the supercell, even for variations of SST only of + /−1 K.
Cell-cell communication enhances bacterial chemotaxis toward external attractants
Authors: Long Zhicheng , Quaife Bryan , Salman Hanna , Oltvai Zoltán N.
Published: October 2017

Bacteria are able to coordinate their movement, growth and biochemical activities through cell-cell communication. While the biophysical mechanism of bacterial chemotaxis has been well understood in individual cells, the role of communication in the chemotaxis of bacterial populations is not clear. Here we report experimental evidence for cell-cell communication that significantly enhances the chemotactic migration of bacterial populations, a finding that we further substantiate using numerical simulations. Using a microfluidic approach, we find that E. coli cells respond to the gradient of chemoattractant not only by biasing their own random-walk swimming pattern through the well-understood intracellular chemotaxis signaling, but also by actively secreting a chemical signal into the extracellular medium, possibly through a hitherto unknown communication signal transduction pathway. This extracellular signaling molecule is a strong chemoattractant that attracts distant cells to the food source. The observed behavior may represent a common evolved solution to accelerate the function of biochemical networks of interacting cells.
Multiple similarly effective solutions exist for biomedical feature selection and classification problems
Authors: Liu Jiamei , Xu Cheng , Yang Weifeng , Shu Yayun , Zheng Weiwei , Zhou Fengfeng
Published: October 2017

Binary classification is a widely employed problem to facilitate the decisions on various biomedical big data questions, such as clinical drug trials between treated participants and controls, and genome-wide association studies (GWASs) between participants with or without a phenotype. A machine learning model is trained for this purpose by optimizing the power of discriminating samples from two groups. However, most of the classification algorithms tend to generate one locally optimal solution according to the input dataset and the mathematical presumptions of the dataset. Here we demonstrated from the aspects of both disease classification and feature selection that multiple different solutions may have similar classification performances. So the existing machine learning algorithms may have ignored a horde of fishes by catching only a good one. Since most of the existing machine learning algorithms generate a solution by optimizing a mathematical goal, it may be essential for understanding the biological mechanisms for the investigated classification question, by considering both the generated solution and the ignored ones.
High Reflectance Nanoscale V/Sc Multilayer for Soft X-ray Water Window Region
Authors: Huang Qiushi , Yi Qiang , Cao Zhaodong , Qi Runze , Loch Rolf A. , Jonnard Philippe , Wu Meiyi , Giglia Angelo , Li Wenbin , Louis Eric , Bijkerk Fred , Zhang Zhong , Wang Zhanshan
Published: October 2017

V/Sc multilayer is experimentally demonstrated for the first time as a high reflectance mirror for the soft X-ray water window region. It primarily works at above the Sc-L edge (λ = 3.11 nm) under near normal incidence while a second peak appears at above the V-L edge (λ = 2.42 nm) under grazing incidence. The V/Sc multilayer fabricated with a d-spacing of 1.59 nm and 30 bilayers has a smaller interface width (σ = 0.27 and 0.32 nm) than the conventional used Cr/Sc (σ = 0.28 and 0.47 nm). For V/Sc multilayer with 30 bilayers, the introduction of B4C barrier layers has little improvement on the interface structure. As the number of bilayers increasing to 400, the growth morphology and microstructure of the V/Sc layers evolves with slightly increased crystallization. Nevertheless, the surface roughness remains to be 0.25 nm. A maximum soft X-ray reflectance of 18.4% is measured at λ = 3.129 nm at 9° off-normal incidence using the 400-bilayers V/Sc multilayer. According to the fitted model, an s-polarization reflectance of 5.2% can also be expected at λ = 2.425 nm under 40° incidence. Based on the promising experimental results, further improvement of the reflectance can be achieved by using a more stable deposition system, exploring different interface engineering methods and so on.
Olaparib modulates DNA repair efficiency, sensitizes cervical cancer cells to cisplatin and exhibits anti-metastatic property
Authors: Prasad Chandra Bhushan , Prasad Shyam Babu , Yadav Suresh Singh , Pandey Laxmi Kant , Singh Sunita , Pradhan Satyajit , Narayan Gopeshwar
Published: October 2017

PARP1 trapping at DNA lesion by pharmacological inhibitors has been exploited in several cancers exhibiting defects in DNA repair mechanisms. PARP1 hyperactivation is involved in therapeutic resistance in multiple cancers. The role of PARP1 in cervical cancer (CC) resistance and implication of PARP inhibitor is yet to be elucidated. Our data demonstrates significantly higher expression of PARP1 in primary cervical tumors and CC cell lines SiHa and ME180. Upon cisplatin treatment CC cells display significant overexpression of PARP1 and its hyperactivation. PARP inhibitor olaparib shows significant anti-proliferative effect on CC cells and drive loss of clonogenic survival and enhanced cell death in combination with cisplatin. PARP inhibited cells show delay in resolution of γH2A.X foci and prolonged late S and G2-M phase arrest resulting in apoptosis. Further, PARP inhibition disrupts the localization of base excision repair (BER) effector XRCC1 and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) proteins Ku80 and XRCC4. Due to disrupted relocation of repair factors, cisplatin induced stalled replication forks collapse and convert into double strand breaks (DSBs). Interestingly, PARP inhibition also shows anti-migratory and anti-invasive properties in CC cells, increases anchorage independent cell death and induces anoikis. Collectively, our data demonstrates therapeutic potential of PARP inhibitor in cervical cancer.
Automatic digital quantification of bone marrow myeloma volume in appendicular skeletons - clinical implications and prognostic significance
Authors: Nishida Yuki , Kimura Shinya , Mizobe Hideaki , Yamamichi Junta , Kojima Kensuke , Kawaguchi Atsushi , Fujisawa Manabu , Matsue Kosei
Published: October 2017

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal plasma cell disorder originating in bone marrow. Whole body low-dose multidetector CT (MDCT) can depict bone marrow infiltration by myeloma cells into the adipose-rich fatty marrow of the appendicular skeleton. However, automated and objective volume measurement of bone marrow infiltration has not been established, and its clinical relevance remains unclear. We therefore developed novel CT post-processing software (MABLE software) and measured the total sum of CT values (cumulative CT value, cCTv) representing bone marrow infiltration, by combining volume and voxel-based CT values. The cCTv was greater in patients with symptomatic MM than in those with smouldering MM or monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance. Patients with revised International Staging System (R-ISS) III had a higher cCTv than those with R-ISS I or II. Age, albumin, and M-protein levels independently predicted cCTv. Mixed graphical model analysis revealed direct relationships between cCTv and age or R-ISS. Tree-structured survival analysis and multivariate Cox analysis revealed that a cCTv greater than or equal to 4.4 was independently prognostic for overall survival. Anti-myeloma therapy reduced cCTv after treatment. These findings suggest that the automatically calculated cCTv reflects disease aggressiveness and is useful for accurate prognostic prediction in MM patients.
A Cu-atom-chain current channel with a width of approximately 0.246 nm on (5, 0) single-wall carbon nanotube
Authors: Wang Yue , Zhu Kaigui , Shao Qingyi
Published: October 2017

Continuous miniaturization with improved performance has enabled the development of electronic devices. However, further shrinking of electronic circuits will push feature sizes (linewidths) firmly into the nanoscale. This can cause electronic devices built using current materials (silicon-based) and fabrication processes to not work as expected. Therefore, new materials or preparation technologies are needed for the further miniaturization of electron devices. Here, through theoretical simulation, we show that regular doping of a Cu-atom chain on a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) can be used to realize an atomic-scale current channel (Cu-atom-chain current channel) with a linewidth of approximately 0.246 nm. Moreover, the atomic-scale Cu-atom-chain current channel shows enhanced conductivity (lower power consumption) compared to a pristine SWCNT. Such a Cu-atom-chain current channel with an atomic-scale linewidth and its method of fabrication (regular doping) may be suitable for the preparation of nanoelectronic devices.
Affective Touch Enhances Self-Face Recognition During Multisensory Integration
Authors: Panagiotopoulou Elena , Filippetti Maria Laura , Tsakiris Manos , Fotopoulou Aikaterini
Published: October 2017

Multisensory integration is a powerful mechanism for constructing body awareness and key for the sense of selfhood. Recent evidence has shown that the specialised C tactile modality that gives rise to feelings of pleasant, affective touch, can enhance the experience of body ownership during multisensory integration. Nevertheless, no study has examined whether affective touch can also modulate psychological identification with our face, the hallmark of our identity. The current study used the enfacement illusion paradigm to investigate the role of affective touch in the modulation of self-face recognition during multisensory integration. In the first experiment (N = 30), healthy participants were stroked on the cheek while they were looking at another face being stroked on the cheek in synchrony or asynchrony with affective (slow; CT-optimal) vs. neutral (fast; CT-suboptimal) touch. In the second experiment (N = 38) spatial incongruence of touch (cheek vs. forehead) was used as a control condition instead of temporal asynchrony. Overall, our data suggest that CT-optimal, affective touch enhances subjective (but not behavioural) self-face recognition during synchronous and spatially congruent integration of different sensations and possibly reduces deafference during asynchronous multisensory integration. We discuss the role of affective touch in shaping the more social aspects of our self.
Direct Writing with Tilted-Front Femtosecond Pulses
Authors: Patel Aabid , Svirko Yuri , Durfee Charles , Kazansky Peter G.
Published: October 2017

Shaping light fields in both space and time provides new degrees of freedom to manipulate light-matter interaction on the ultrafast timescale. Through this exploitation of the light field, a greater appreciation of spatio-temporal couplings in focusing has been gained, shedding light on previously unexplored parameters of the femtosecond light pulse, including pulse front tilt and wavefront rotation. Here, we directly investigate the effect of major spatio-temporal couplings on light-matter interaction and reveal unambiguously that in transparent media, pulse front tilt gives rise to the directional asymmetry of the ultrafast laser writing. We demonstrate that the laser pulse with a tilted intensity front deposits energy more efficiently when writing along the tilt than when writing against, producing either an isotropic damage-like or a birefringent nanograting structure. The directional asymmetry in the ultrafast laser writing is qualitatively described in terms of the interaction of a void trapped within the focal volume by the gradient force from the tilted intensity front and the thermocapillary force caused by the gradient of temperature. The observed instantaneous transition from the damage-like to nanograting modification after a finite writing length in a transparent dielectric is phenomenologically described in terms of the first-order phase transition.
Temporal dynamics of the mimetic allele frequency at the doublesex locus, which controls polymorphic Batesian mimicry in Papilio memnon butterflies
Authors: Komata Shinya , Lin Chung-Ping , Sota Teiji
Published: October 2017

Tracking allele frequencies is essential for understanding how polymorphisms of adaptive traits are maintained. In Papilio memnon butterflies, which exhibit a female-limited Batesian mimicry polymorphism (wing-pattern polymorphism), two alleles at the doublesex (dsx) locus correspond to mimetic and non-mimetic forms in females; males carry both dsx alleles but display only the non-mimetic form. This polymorphism is thought to be maintained by a negative frequency-dependent selection. By tracking dsx allele frequencies in both sexes at a Taiwanese site over four years, we found that the mimetic allele persists at intermediate frequencies even when the unpalatable model papilionid butterflies (Pachliopta and Atrophaneura species) were very rare or absent. The rates of male mate choice did not differ between the two female forms; neither did insemination number nor age composition, suggesting equivalent reproductive performance of the two forms over time. Our results characterised the temporal dynamics of the mimetic allele frequency in the field for the first time and give insights into underlying processes involved in the persistence of the female-limited Batesian mimicry polymorphism.
Sodium chloride effect on the aggregation behaviour of rhamnolipids and their antifungal activity
Authors: Rodrigues Ana I. , Gudiña Eduardo J. , Teixeira José A. , Rodrigues Lígia R.
Published: October 2017

In this work, the antifungal activity of rhamnolipids produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa #112 was evaluated against Aspergillus niger MUM 92.13 and Aspergillus carbonarius MUM 05.18. It was demonstrated that the di-rhamnolipid congeners were responsible for the antifungal activity exhibited by the crude rhamnolipid mixture, whereas mono-rhamnolipids showed a weak inhibitory activity. Furthermore, in the presence of NaCl (from 375 mM to 875 mM), the antifungal activity of the crude rhamnolipid mixture and the purified di-rhamnolipids was considerably increased. Dynamic Light Scattering studies showed that the size of the structures formed by the rhamnolipids increased as the NaCl concentration increased, being this effect more pronounced in the case of di-rhamnolipids. These results were confirmed by Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy, which revealed the formation of giant vesicle-like structures (in the µm range) by self-assembling of the crude rhamnolipid mixture in the presence of 875 mM NaCl. In the case of the purified mono- and di-rhamnolipids, spherical structures (also in the µm range) were observed at the same conditions. The results herein obtained demonstrated a direct relationship between the rhamnolipids antifungal activity and their aggregation behaviour, opening the possibility to improve their biological activities for application in different fields.
Phosphine inhibits transcription of the catalase gene through the DRE/DREF system in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Liu Tao , Li Li , Li Baishu , Zhan Guoping
Published: October 2017

Phosphine (PH3) is a toxin commonly used for pest control. Its toxicity is attributed primarily to its ability to induce oxidative damage. Our previous work showed that phosphine could disrupt the cell antioxidant defence system by inhibiting expression of the catalase gene in Drosophila melanogaster (DmCAT). However, the exact mechanism of this inhibition remains unclear. Here, we implemented a luciferase reporter assay driven by the DmCAT promoter in D. melanogaster S2 cells and showed that this reporter could be inhibited by phosphine treatment. A minimal fragment of the promoter (−94 to 0 bp), which contained a DNA replication-related element (DRE) consensus motif (−78 to −85 bp), was sufficient for phosphine-mediated reporter inhibition, suggesting the involvement of the transcription factor DREF. Furthermore, phosphine treatment led to a reduction in DREF expression and consequent repression of DmCAT transcription. Our results provide new insights on the molecular mechanism of phosphine-mediated catalase inhibition. Phosphine treatment leads to reduced levels of the transcription factor DREF, a positive regulator of the DmCAT gene, thereby resulting in the repression of DmCAT at transcriptional level.
Sharing of science is most likely among male scientists
Authors: Massen Jorg J. M. , Bauer Lisa , Spurny Benjamin , Bugnyar Thomas , Kret Mariska E.
Published: October 2017

Humans are considered to be highly prosocial, especially in comparison to other species. However, most tests of prosociality are conducted in highly artificial settings among anonymous participants. To gain a better understanding of how human hyper-cooperation may have evolved, we tested humans’ willingness to share in one of the most competitive fields of our current society: academia. Researchers were generally prosocial with 80% sharing a PDF of one of their latest papers, and almost 60% willing to send us their data. Intriguingly, prosociality was most prominent from male to male, and less likely among all other sex-combinations. This pattern suggests the presence of male-exclusive networks in science, and may be based on an evolutionary history promoting strong male bonds.
Integration of polycarbonate membranes in microfluidic free-flow electrophoresis
Authors: Novo Pedro , Dell'Aica Margherita , Jender Matthias , Höving Stefan , Zahedi René P. , Janasek Dirk
Published: October 2017

A general difficulty in the miniaturization of free-flow electrophoresis relates to the need to separate electrodes and separation bed compartments.
Microfluidic detection with acoustic spectroscopy (MIDAS) for analysis of insulin formulation stability
Authors: McIntosh Charles , Scida Karen , Pennathur Sumita
Published: October 2017

Ultrasonic spectroscopy is a viable complement to current techniques used to analyze insulin stability due to its simplicity, lack of sample preparation, and non-destructive properties.
[(ZnSb6)2]4−: a new structure type for coupled norbornadiene-like subunits
Authors: Wang Yi , Zavalij Peter , Eichhorn Bryan
Published: October 2017

The coupled norbornadiene-like dimer [(ZnSb6)2]4− contains planar ZnSb3 triangles and a new structure type for 14-atom clusters.
The hydration structure of the heavy-alkalines Rb+ and Cs+ through molecular dynamics and X-ray absorption spectroscopy: surface clusters and eccentricity
Authors: Caralampio Daniel Z. , Martínez José M. , Pappalardo Rafael R. , Marcos Enrique Sánchez
Published: October 2017

Hydration shells around Rb+ and Cs+ are not symmetric; the cation and the 1st-shell water mass center are separated by ∼0.4 Å, and this is supported by agreement between the theoretical and experimental EXAFS spectrum.
Synthesis and characterization of trimetallic cobalt, zinc and nickel complexes containing amine-bis(benzotriazole phenolate) ligands: efficient catalysts for coupling of carbon dioxide with epoxides
Authors: Li Chen-Yu , Su Yu-Chia , Lin Chia-Her , Huang Hsi-Ya , Tsai Chen-Yen , Lee Ting-Yu , Ko Bao-Tsan
Published: October 2017

Tri-Co acetate 1 could catalyze cycloaddition of CO2 and epoxides with broad substrate scope, yielding the corresponding cyclic carbonates with good performances.
Controlled self-sorting in self-assembled cage complexes
Authors: Holloway Lauren R. , Bogie Paul M. , Hooley Richard J.
Published: October 2017

The construction of complex molecular machines and devices requires control of sub-component self-assembly. Varying the size or angle, and introducing secondary interactions into the backbone allows selective self-sorting between similar sub-components in metal–ligand cage complexes.
Mathematical equations combined with the MHE-GC method to study desorption kinetics of contaminants from food-package paper to air
Authors: Huang Chongxing , Zhao Yuan , Liu Yang , Wang Shuangfei
Published: October 2017

Online sample incubation techniques are convenient, sensitive and safe, additionally, mathematical equations are applicative for other similar contaminants in paper.
Photophysical study on unsymmetrical binuclear cycloplatinated(ii) complexes
Authors: Sangari Mozhgan Samandar , Haghighi Mohsen Golbon , Nabavizadeh S. Masoud , Kubicki Maciej , Rashidi Mehdi
Published: October 2017

A general synthetic method has been designed to prepare a new series of unsymmetrical binuclear cyclometalated organoplatinum(ii) complexes and the effect of each part on their luminescence properties were investigated.
Layered tetragonal zinc chalcogenides for energy-related applications: from photocatalysts for water splitting to cathode materials for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Zhou Jia , Zhuang Houlong L. , Wang H.
Published: October 2017

The t-ZnX layered structures are promising electrode materials for LIBs exhibiting a strong adsorption of lithium without reducing lithium mobility.
Unexpected formation of a hierarchical structure in ternary InGaAs nanowires via “one-pot” growth
Authors: Zhou Chen , Zheng Kun , Chen Ping-Ping , Lu Wei , Zou Jin
Published: October 2017

A hierarchical nanowire structure was spontaneously formed: the respective core, core–shell and core–multishell structure in the nanowire tip, middle and bottom regions.
Polydopamine-based concentric nanoshells with programmable architectures and plasmonic properties
Authors: Choi Chun Kit K. , Zhuo Xiaolu , Chiu Yee Ting Elaine , Yang Hongrong , Wang Jianfang , Choi Chung Hang Jonathan
Published: October 2017

Polydopamine-based concentric nanoshells with programmable nanogap thickness, elemental composition, and geometrical configuration display multiple Fano resonances and local-field “hot spots”.
A novel upconversion luminescence derived photoelectrochemical immunoassay: ultrasensitive detection to alpha-fetoprotein
Authors: Chen Xu , Xu Wen , Jiang Yandong , Pan Gencai , Zhou Donglei , Zhu Jinyang , Wang He , Chen Cong , Li Dongyu , Song Hongwei
Published: October 2017

A upconversion luminescence derived photoelectrochemical Immunoassay for ultrasensitive detection to Alpha-fetoprotein under near infrared lights illumination.
Ru-Catalysed synthesis of fused heterocycle-pyridinones and -pyrones
Authors: Ruiz S. , Carrera C. , Villuendas P. , Urriolabeitia E. P.
Published: October 2017

Heterocycle-pyridinones and heterocycle-pyranones have been prepared by Ru-catalysed oxidative coupling of N-unprotected primary heterocycle-amides and heterocycle-carboxylic acids with internal alkynes.
Local conformational changes in the 8–17 deoxyribozyme core induced by activating and inactivating divalent metal ions
Authors: Peracchi Alessio , Bonaccio Maria , Credali Alfredo
Published: October 2017

Placing 2-aminopurine at position 15 of the 8–17 DNAzyme allows the detection of a specific metal-induced conformational change, apparently coupled to the activation of catalysis.
Kinetic study of application of graphene oxide as a catalyst to accelerate extraction of total flavonoids from Radix Scutellaria
Authors: Wang Xin , Wei Fengyu
Published: October 2017

A new kinetic model, So's three-step kinetic model, was used to study the kinetics of graphene oxide (GO)-assisted ethanol reflux extraction (GERE).
Effects of bromination of poly(3-hexylthiophene) on the performance of bulk heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Tanaka Senku , Rosli Siti Khadijah Binti , Takada Ken , Taniai Norito , Yoshitomi Takuya , Ando Hideo , Matsumoto Kouichi
Published: October 2017

Through partial bromination of P3HT, we examined the effects of π-electron delocalization on the solar cell performance. A higher Br concentration restricts first intra- and then inter-chain delocalization, disrupting charge transport channels.
Retardation and reaction mechanisms of magnesium phosphate cement mixed with glacial acetic acid
Authors: Jun Li , Yong-sheng Ji , Guodong Huang , Cheng Jin
Published: October 2017

This study aims to investigate the effect of admixture glacial acetic acid on the setting time, compressive strength, and hydration temperature of magnesium phosphate cement.
ent-Rosane diterpenoids from Euphorbia milii showing an Epstein–Barr virus lytic replication assay
Authors: Liu Shao-Nan , Hu Jiayuan , Tan Shen H. , Wang Qian , Xu Jun , Wang Yan , Yuan Yan , Gu Qiong
Published: October 2017

Thirteen new ent-rosane diterpenoids were bioassay-guided isolated from the aerial parts of Euphorbia milii evaluating by Epstein–Barr virus lytic replication assay.
Design, synthesis, and herbicidal activity of pyrazole benzophenone derivatives
Authors: Fu Ying , Wang Meng-Xia , Zhang Dong , Hou Yu-Wen , Gao Shuang , Zhao Li-Xia , Ye Fei
Published: October 2017

Design of pyrazole benzophenones as potent HPPD inhibitors with excellent herbicidal activities.
An ultrasensitive fluorogenic probe for revealing the role of glutathione in chemotherapy resistance
Authors: Jiang Yuejing , Cheng Juan , Yang Chengyu , Hu Yongzhou , Li Jia , Han Yifeng , Zang Yi , Li Xin
Published: October 2017

Unveiling the detailed roles of glutathione (GSH) in chemoresistance necessitates a reliable assay for its detection in intact live specimens.
Optimising minimal building blocks for addressable self-assembly
Authors: Madge Jim , Miller Mark A.
Published: October 2017

A scheme is presented for designing the simplest building blocks that will assemble into clusters where all components are different.
Competitive concurrence of surface wrinkling and dewetting of liquid crystalline polymer films on non-wettable substrates
Authors: Song Sung E. , Choi Gwan H. , Yi Gi-Ra , Yoo Pil J.
Published: October 2017

Liquid crystalline thin films coated on non-wettable substrates undergo multiple film-instabilities, which are manifested as concurrent occurrence of dewetting and wrinkling.
Porphyrinic coordination lattices with fluoropillars
Authors: Lin Qipu , Mao Chengyu , Kong Aiguo , Bu Xianhui , Zhao Xiang , Feng Pingyun
Published: October 2017

Porphyrins and fluorides are combined to fabricate MOFs that also serve as single-source precursors for fluorine-doped carbon for oxygen reduction.
Controlling and correlating the effect of grain size with the mechanical and electrochemical properties of Li7La3Zr2O12solid-state electrolyte
Authors: Sharafi Asma , Haslam Catherine G. , Kerns Robert D. , Wolfenstine Jeff , Sakamoto Jeff
Published: October 2017

The strong correlation between LLZO grain size and the Li–LLZO stability as a function of Li plating rate is demonstrated. The increase in grain size reduces the grain boundary area and hence the number of possible failure points leading to an increased maximum tolerable current density.
Three electron channels toward two types of active sites in MoS2@Pt nanosheets for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Xu X. Y. , Dong X. F. , Bao Z. J. , Wang R. , Hu J. G. , Zeng H. B.
Published: October 2017

A surface Pt decoration strategy makes MoS2comparable to Pt foil catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
In situ probing of interfacial kinetics for studying the electrochemical properties of active nano/micro-particles and the state of Li-ion batteries
Authors: Ren Wenju , Chen Haibiao , Qiao Rongxue , Lin Yuan , Pan Feng
Published: October 2017

A new method for in situ probing the interfacial kinetics for studying electrochemical properties of active particles and Li-ion batteries' state.
MXene/graphene hybrid fibers for high performance flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Yang Qiuyan , Xu Zhen , Fang Bo , Huang Tieqi , Cai Shengying , Chen Hao , Liu Yingjun , Gopalsamy Karthikeyan , Gao Weiwei , Gao Chao
Published: October 2017

Continuous MXene/graphene fibers are fabricatedviawet-spinning assembly strategy, from which fiber-constructed supercapacitors are obtained that exhibit both high capacitance and flexibility.
Encoding Deficits Impede Word Learning and Memory in Adults With Developmental Language Disorders
Authors: McGregor Karla K. , Gordon Katherine , Eden Nichole , Arbisi-Kelm Tim , Oleson Jacob
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The aim of this study was to determine whether the word-learning challenges associated with developmental language disorder (DLD) result from encoding or retention deficits.

Method

In Study 1, 59 postsecondary students with DLD and 60 with normal development (ND) took the California Verbal Learning Test–Second Edition, Adult Version (Delis, Kramer, Kaplan, & Ober, 2000). In Study 2, 23 postsecondary students with DLD and 24 with ND attempted to learn 9 novel words in each of 3 training conditions: uncued test, cued test, and no test (passive study). Retention was measured 1 day and 1 week later.

Results

By the end of training, students with DLD had encoded fewer familiar words (Study 1) and fewer novel words (Study 2) than their ND peers as evinced by word recall. They also demonstrated poorer encoding as evinced by slower growth in recall from Trials 1 to 2 (Studies 1 and 2), less semantic clustering of recalled words, and poorer recognition (Study 1). The DLD and ND groups were similar in the relative amount of information they could recall after retention periods of 5 and 20 min (Study 1). After a 1-day retention period, the DLD group recalled less information that had been encoded via passive study, but they performed as well as their ND peers when recalling information that had been encoded via tests (Study 2). Compared to passive study, encoding via tests also resulted in more robust lexical engagement after a 1-week retention for DLD and ND groups.

Conclusions

Encoding, not retention, is the problematic stage of word learning for adults with DLD. Self-testing with feedback lessens the deficit.

Supplemental Materials

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5435200
The History of Stuttering by 7 Years of Age: Follow-Up of a Prospective Community Cohort
Authors: Kefalianos Elaina , Onslow Mark , Packman Ann , Vogel Adam , Pezic Angela , Mensah Fiona , Conway Laura , Bavin Edith , Block Susan , Reilly Sheena
Published: October 2017

Purpose

For a community cohort of children confirmed to have stuttered by the age of 4 years, we report (a) the recovery rate from stuttering, (b) predictors of recovery, and (c) comorbidities at the age of 7 years.

Method

This study was nested in the Early Language in Victoria Study. Predictors of stuttering recovery included child, family, and environmental measures and first-degree relative history of stuttering. Comorbidities examined at 7 years included temperament, language, nonverbal cognition, and health-related quality of life.

Results

The recovery rate by the age of 7 years was 65%. Girls with stronger communication skills at the age of 2 years had higher odds of recovery (adjusted
OR
= 7.1, 95% CI [1.3, 37.9],
p
= .02), but similar effects were not evident for boys (adjusted
OR
= 0.5, 95% CI [0.3, 1.1],
p
= .10). At the age of 7 years, children who had recovered from stuttering were more likely to have stronger language skills than children whose stuttering persisted (
p
= .05). No evident differences were identified on other outcomes including nonverbal cognition, temperament, and parent-reported quality of life.

Conclusion

Overall, findings suggested that there may be associations between language ability and recovery from stuttering. Subsequent research is needed to explore the directionality of this relationship.
Motion depth generation using MHI for 2D‐to‐3D video conversion
Authors: Gil J. , Kim M.
Published: October 2017

2D‐to‐3D conversion has been studied over past decades and integrated to commercial 3D displays and 3DTVs. Generally, depth cues extracted from a static image are used for generating a depth map followed by depth image‐based rendering for producing a stereoscopic image. Further, the motion has been considered as an important cue for motion depth estimation. In most works, motion estimation has relied on block‐based motion estimation, optical flows, and their variants even though they provide inaccurate data and high computation time, posing performance bottleneck. These problems by proposing Motion History Image‐based motion depth estimation method are addressed. Experimental results show that the proposed method is not only faster than the conventional methods but also outperforms them in terms of motion depth estimation.
Control strategy for relieving transient potential energy accumulation in power system
Authors: Meng Xiangxia , Liu Mingguang , Zhang Quanzhu
Published: October 2017

Effective control measures taken on the transient potential energy distribution in power transmission network can not only improve the stability of power system but also reduce the probability of cascading failures occurrence. By researching the distribution variation rules of voltage, phase‐angle difference, potential energy and its margin in the three‐machine system, the relationship is revealed further between transient potential energy distribution and network structure. The potential energy distribution mainly depends on the topology structure and parameter of the network, the potential energy is distributed most easily in the vulnerable links where equivalent reactance is bigger and voltage is lower. Three control measures are proposed to relieve the accumulation of transient potential energy. Changing network structure and parameter in vulnerable links can perfect the internal structure of power network from the root, and then improve the resisting disturbance capacity of the power system. Whereas decreasing the transmission power in the vulnerable links is an emergency control measure for improving the operation stability of power system on‐line. Simulation results on wepri‐36 system testify the validation of the proposed method.
Real‐time cross‐correlation‐based technique for detection and classification of power quality disturbances
Authors: De Subhra , Debnath Sudipta
Published: October 2017

This study presents a novel technique for automated power quality (PQ) disturbance detection and classification in power distribution system using cross‐correlation‐based approach in conjunction with fuzzy logic. The proposed method requires minimum number of features when compared with conventional approaches for identification of disturbances. Total 17 types of PQ disturbances including eight basic and nine combinations which are very close to real situations are considered for the classification. The scheme is immune to real life uncorrelated noises due to incorporation of cross spectrum analysis in the feature extraction stage. Experimentation under real operating conditions is carried out in the laboratory using data acquisition system in order to test the proposed technique. The proposed scheme is also applied in IEEE 33‐bus distribution system and validated by a real‐time simulator. The developed classifier achieved 100% accuracy and could comfortably outperform several contemporary methods for PQ disturbance classification.
Improving the robustness of motion vector temporal descriptor
Authors: Rahmani Farzaneh , Zargari Farzad , Ghanbari Mohammad
Published: October 2017

Motion vectors (MVs) are the most common temporal descriptors in video analysis, indexing and retrieval applications. However, video indexing and analysis based on MVs do not perform well for videos at different dimension ratios (DRs) or even various resolutions. As a result, video indexing and analysis which are based on identifying similar video face with many difficulties at different DRs or resolutions by MVs. In this study, a two‐stage algorithm is introduced to make MV descriptors robust against variations first in DR and then at resolution. In the experiments performed on motion vector histograms, the proposed method improves the performance on identifying similar videos at various spatial specifications by up to 73%. Moreover, in the video retrieval experiments, the proposed modified MV outperforms original MV feature vector. This is an indication of improvement in differentiation of similar and dissimilar videos by the proposed temporal feature vector.
The TROY project: Searching for co-orbital bodies to known planets
Authors: Lillo-Box J. , Barrado D. , Figueira P. , Leleu A. , Santos N. C. , Correia A. C. M. , Robutel P. , Faria J. P.
Published: October 2017

Context. The detection of Earth-like planets, exocomets or Kuiper belts show that the different components found in the solar system should also be present in other planetary systems. Trojans are one of these components and can be considered fossils of the first stages in the life of planetary systems. Their detection in extrasolar systems would open a new scientific window to investigate formation and migration processes.

Aims. In this context, the main goal of the TROY project is to detect exotrojans for the first time and to measure their occurrence rate (η-Trojan). In this first paper, we describe the goals and methodology of the project. Additionally, we used archival radial velocity data of 46 planetary systems to place upper limits on the mass of possible trojans and investigate the presence of co-orbital planets down to several tens of Earth masses.

Methods. We used archival radial velocity data of 46 close-in (P < 5 days) transiting planets (without detected companions) with information from high-precision radial velocity instruments. We took advantage of the time of mid-transit and secondary eclipses (when available) to constrain the possible presence of additional objects co-orbiting the star along with the planet. This, together with a good phase coverage, breaks the degeneracy between a trojan planet signature and signals coming from additional planets or underestimated eccentricity.

Results. We identify nine systems for which the archival data provide >1σ evidence for a mass imbalance between L4 and L5. Two of these systems provide >2σ detection, but no significant detection is found among our sample. We also report upper limits to the masses at L4/L5 in all studied systems and discuss the results in the context of previous findings.
Oxidative Conversion of Sulfonyl Indoles into 3-Alkylidene-2-oxindoles under Flow Chemical Conditions
Authors: Palmieri Alessandro , Petrini Marino , Chiurchiù Elena , Rossi Federico
Published: October 2017

Sulfonyl indoles were converted into 3-alkylidene-2-oxindoles using NCS as the sole reagent under flow chemical conditions. The conjugated oxindole derivatives were generally obtained as E stereoisomers in moderate to satisfactory yields. The transformation entails the oxidation of the indole ring by NCS followed by elimination of arylsulfinic acid in order to install the exocyclic unsaturation.
A Radical Access to CF3- and SF5-Containing Dihydrobenzofurans and Indolines
Authors: Paquin Jean-François , Desroches Justine , Gilbert Audrey , Houle Camille
Published: October 2017

The synthesis of 3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans, 3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)indolines, 3-[(pentafluorosulfanyl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans, and 3-[(pentafluorosulfanyl)methyl]indolines using an intramolecular reductive radical cyclization from readily available acyclic precursors is reported. The CF3- and SF5-containing heterocycles are obtained in moderate to excellent yields. Notably, this transformation represents the first example of an aryl radical addition to a SF5-containing alkene. Finally, the possibility of oxidation of some of the products generated to benzofurans and indoles is shown.
Anatomic Double-Bundle Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction with Autologous Semitendinosus: Aperture Fixation Both at the Femur and the Patella
Authors: Vasso Michele , Corona Katia , Toro Giuseppe , Rossini Marco , Schiavone Panni Alfredo
Published: October 2017

Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) represents the main restraint against lateral patellar displacement. The MPFL insertion at the patella is up to 30 mm wide and is located along the upper half of the medial patellar rim. The femoral insertion of the MPFL is approximately 10 mm distal to the apex of the adductor tubercle and 16 mm proximal to the medial epicondyle. Since most of the patients suffer from MPFL rupture just after the first patellar dislocation, MPFL reconstruction results necessarily in all cases of chronic objective patellar instability to reestablish the primary passive patellofemoral stabilizer. Over time, different techniques of MPFL reconstruction have been proposed with promising results in terms of patient satisfaction and redislocation rate. However, each of these techniques may present peculiar problems and/or complications. An anatomic double-bundle MPFL reconstruction through an aperture fixation both at the femur and at the patella is here presented. The anatomic double-bundle MPFL reconstruction could allow recreating the fan-shape and biomechanics of original MPFL, whereas aperture fixation could provide a strong and safe fixation without risk of loosening or slackening of the graft.
Neglected Posterior Knee Dislocation: An Unusual Case Report
Authors: Leonardi Francesco , Zorzan Alessandra , Palermo Augusto , Molfetta Luigi
Published: October 2017

Chronic dislocation of the knee is a rare condition due to a diagnostic mistake during emergency assessment. Usually, dislocation obliges the surgeon to carry out a broad assessment, with vascular and neurological examination, and a thorough assessment of joint injuries. The immediate and stable closed reduction can resolve neurovascular compression. The most serious late sequela is joint instability with impairment of ambulation and patient's autonomy. Treatment of neglected knee dislocation is surgical, that is, arthrodesis or arthroplasty, the latter representing the treatment of choice. The case described herein appears unique because of the clinical and radiographic features. Interestingly, over the years, the neurovascular bundle has inadvertently adapted to the posterior femur displacement without secondary damage.
Nutritives Anti-Aging
Authors: Heinrich U.
Published: October 2017

Für die Substanzklasse der Carotinoide konnte gezeigt werden, dass diese in lipophilen Systemen als Antioxidantien wirksam sind. In zahlreichen Studien wurde nachgewiesen, dass Carotinoide nicht nur Algen und Pflanzen vor intensiver Sonneneinstrahlung schützen, sondern auch beim Menschen von einer fotoprotektiven Wirkung ausgegangen werden kann. Um die Gesundheit von Haut und Haar zu erhalten, werden vermehrt sogenannte „Nutricosmetics“ angeboten. Hier stellt sich die Frage, ob unsere Ernährung tatsächlich alle notwendigen Mikronährstoffe enthält.

Zahlreiche Studien zeigten, dass „Nutricosmetics“ zur Verbesserung einzelner Hautparameter wie Oberflächenstruktur, Hautdichte und -Elastizität führten. Weiterhin wurden Hydratation und Barrierefunktion der Haut positiv beeinflusst. Anti-Aging-Konzepte wurden bestätigt. Natürliche Carotinoide, häufig in Kombination mit Vitaminen und Mineralstoffen, führten zu einer Steigerung der Wirksamkeit, hier spielen synergistische Effekte offenbar eine Rolle. Auch andere Wirkstoffe wie Polyphenole, aus Kakao oder grünem Tee gewonnen, hatten positive Wirkungen auf die Hautparameter bei täglicher Einnahme als Drink.

In den hier gezeigten Untersuchungen konnten nach 12-wöchiger Einnahme nachhaltige Wirkungen von „Nutricosmetics“ nachgewiesen werden. Somit kann eine, zumindest temporäre, Supplementierung von Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln zur Erhöhung des körpereigenen Lichtschutzes oder zur Verbesserung der Hautqualitäten empfohlen werden. Allerdings sollten Nahrungsergänzungsmittel nicht als Ausgleich einer ungesunden Ernährung verstanden werden.
Fraktionierte CO2-Laserbehandlung der Haut
Authors: Steckmeier S. , Gauglitz G. , Poetschke J.
Published: October 2017

Zur Verbesserung der Hautstruktur und zur allgemeinen Glättung bzw. Straffung der Haut (vor allem der Gesichtshaut) kommen heutzutage zunehmend fraktionierte Laserverfahren zum Einsatz. Durch das Prinzip der fraktionierten Photothermolyse ist im Vergleich zu den klassisch ablativen Verfahren eine effektive Neokollagenese bei minimalen Ausfallzeiten und guter Verträglichkeit für die Patienten zu erreichen. Der besonders bei den fraktionierten CO2-Lasern ausgeprägte „Shrinking“-Effekt führt zu einer signifikanten Stimulation des Kollagenumbaus und einer Straffung der Haut. Bis heute zählt er zu den am besten untersuchten und effektivsten Behandlungsverfahren im Anti-Aging-Bereich und in der Therapie von atrophen und hypertrophen (Brand-)Narben.
Fast heilbar
Authors: Sparber-Sauer Monika
Published: October 2017

Krebs bei Kindern Was macht pädiatrische Onkologie aus? Wie entsteht Krebs
bei Kindern und Jugendlichen? Welche Arten von Krebs können auftreten? Wie
verlaufen Diagnose und Therapie? Dr. Monika Sparber-Sauer gibt einen umfassenden
Überblick über eine Erkrankung, die heute in den meisten Fällen überwunden
werden kann.
Wie sag ich’s dem Kind?
Authors: Riede Jens
Published: October 2017

Kinder als Adressaten schlechter Nachrichten Soll ein Kind über seine
Diagnose aufgeklärt werden oder reicht es aus, wenn die Eltern informiert sind?
Kann man einem Kind eine schlimme Diagnose überhaupt zumuten? Unser Autor hat
sich mit den rechtlichen Hintergründen beschäftigt und in der Literatur nach
Studien gesucht, die sich mit der Sicht der Kinder beschäftigen. Dabei scheinen
in Deutschland andere Ansichten vorzuherrschen als in der internationalen
wissenschaftlichen Literatur.