bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of volume and concentration of AgNO3 aqueous solutions on silver nanoparticles synthesized using Ziziphus Spina–Christi leaf extract and their antibacterial activity
Authors: Bamsaoud Salim F. , Basuliman M M , Bin-Hameed E A , Balakhm S M , Alkalali A S
Published: June 2021

In the present study, silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were synthesized using an aqueous leaf extract of Ziziphus spina–Christi (ZSC). The volume and the concentration of the aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO3) were studied to evaluate their effects on the synthesized SNPs. A various AgNO3 volume of (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mL) having a constant concentration were mixed separately with a fixed concentration of ZSC leaf extract. Moreover, AgNO3 with various concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mM) were investigated to synthesize SNPs. The optical, surface morphological, and antibacterial properties were studied for these SNPs. The optical properties were characterized using UV-Visible spectra. The particle size and morphology were checked using a dynamic light scattering (LDS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). All the synthesized particles were spherical in shape and well-dispersed with average sizes (21-42 nm). The SNPs prepared by varying AgNO3 volumes have an average size of (23 nm). The variation of AgNO3 concentration has a redshift in the surface plasmon resonant (SPR) band which indicates an increase in the size of particles (25-42 nm) as confirmed by TEM. The biosynthesized SNPs exhibited good antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (Esch. coli) bacteria.
Fabrication of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by pulsed laser ablation in liquid – PLAL and Study their physical Properties
Authors: Ferman A K h , Jaber G h S , Mahmood W
Published: June 2021

ZnO NPs are manufactured using pulsed laser ablation in double distilled water (DDW). Nd:Yag laser used as a source of energy for this research by immersing the zinc-target in DDW water. The glass container with laser pulses was rotated to prevent etching effect and getting homogenous distribution particles. By changing the parameters (laser energy and number of pulses), the results were collected and examined using an ultra violet-visible spectrum and electron scanning microscope. The calculations revealed the colloidal spherical shape and the homogeneous structure for the ZnO NPs. The band gap plot display varies in the band gap proportional with particle size, this result agree with effective mass model.
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Assaiq and Senah Hot Springs Water in Hadhramout-Yemen and the Assessment of Water Quality for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes
Authors: Bamsaoud Salim F. , Bin Saeed Fizan F.
Published: June 2021

AL-Diss Ashrqiya, known for its hot springs water. This study was performed to identify the physical and chemical characteristics of Assaiq and Senah springs water that located in AL-Diss Ashrqiya. The study was already done for the period (January 2017-December 2018) to assess water quality for drinking and irrigation purposes. The results showed that the values of water temperature, the electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, sulfate SO4
2-, fluoride F−, manganese Mn−, calcium Ca+2, potassium K+, are not within the permissible levels of Yemeni and World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Therefore, the water of Assaiq and Senah can be classified as undrinkable water. In comparison with the Eaton classification, the water of Assaiq and Senah springs are not suitable for irrigation purposes due to the higher conductivity, as it is water with acute problems. Also, in comparison with the standards of the World Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) results show that water of Assaiq and Senah can be used to irrigate crops that are more tolerant of salinity.
Natural Radioactivity Measurements for Assessment Radiation from soils of Hadhramout Region, Yemen
Authors: Barashed H M , Nafee S S , Al-Othmany Dhya , Hamidalddin Safia H Q , Alzahrani J H , Alharbi W R
Published: June 2021

Measurements of gamma-emitting radionuclides were performed on soil samples collected at various depth levels from different locations in the Hadhramout region, Yemen. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs were determined by gamma spectrometry detector. The measurement concentrations of 238U, 232Th, 40K in the soil samples ranged from 9.25 to 423.84 Bq/kg, 7.85 to 667.23 Bq/kg, and from 31.54 to 373.12 Bq/kg, respectively. The concentrations of these radionuclides are compared with the recommended values. According to the present lower concentration levels of 137Cs, it does not pose any radiological complication. However, this data may provide a general background level for the area studied and may also serve as a guideline for future measurement and assessment of possible radiological risks to human health in this region.
A Holistic methodology for lifecycle energy consumption of heritage buildings
Authors: Al-Sakkaf A , Abdelkader E M , El-Zahab S , Bagchi A , Zayed T
Published: June 2021

Heritage buildings are historically exceptional in their landscape and specific attention must be paid to their architectural element and components. Recently, the techniques that are utilized for the study and protection of cultural heritage have been on the rise in the research field. Studies have shown that project life cycle phases can be implemented to determine the performance of a given building in general. However, heritage buildings and their need were not considered. The project life cycle phases include: 1) planning, 2) manufacturing, 3) transportation, 4) construction, 5) operation and 6) maintenance phases. In addition, there is a need for an encompassing rating system that is capable of determining the most optimal pathway for rehabilitating heritage buildings. Hence, this article aims to present a comprehensive life cycle energy analysis model that optimizes expenditure over all building components by optimizing the budget. Furthermore, as a proof of concept, two case studies are applied in this research-GN in Canada and MP in the KSA.
Decision Support NSGA-II Optimization Method for Resource-Constrained Schedule Compression with Allowed Activity Splitting
Authors: Elkabalawy M , Al-Sakkaf A
Published: June 2021

In the course of a construction project, the project manager’s task is to ensure timely and cost-effective execution of the job. However, it is common that delays and over-budgeting to be experienced during the project execution. This schedule acceleration requires resource planning to account for the project’s limited resources. Therefore, this study proposes an integrated method that allows for joint consideration of project scheduling and resource planning while accounting for activity splitting. The objective is to determine the project’s optimal cost and duration while considering some input parameters such as the crew’s size and project’s activities’ cost and duration. The proposed method utilized the Genetic Algorithm (GA) to optimize the project duration and cost. Accordingly, the Weighted Sum was used as a multi-criteria decision support method to choose an optimal solution from the optimization results. The developed scheduling and optimization method is coded in Python as a stand-alone, automated, computerized tool to facilitate its application. A numerical example, utilizing the developed method, is employed to show the method’s robustness and assess its performance against other previously developed methods. Results indicated the developed method’s dominance in finding optimal solutions in a reasonable time avoiding local minima entrapment.
Likelihood ratio test for the mean of asymptotic spatial regression with the Brownian sheet noise
Authors: Somayasa W , Sahupala R , Sutiari D K
Published: June 2021

Likelihood ratio test (LR-test) is frequently applied in regression analysis when the observations are normally distributed. However, when the normality assumption is violated, such a test can not be directly adopted in practice. In this work, we propose an approach by firstly transforming the observations to a set-indexed partial sums process. The limit model under this transformation is presented as a deterministic trend plus a random noise given by the set-indexed Brownian sheet. We show that the problem of testing the appropriateness of a model can be handled step-wise by testing the validity of the trend in the limit model by defining an LR-test based on the ratio between the likelihood function under H
0 and under H
0
∪ H
1. The rejection region as well as the power of the size α LR-test are obtained based on the Cameron-Martin-Girsanov formula of the Radon-Nikodym derivative of the set-indexed partial sums limit process of the observation with respect to the set-indexed Brownian sheet. Simulation study shows that the proposed test behaves as a consistent test in that it maximizes the power when H
1 is true. Application of the method to real data can help in detecting valid regression model describing the variability of the maximum height of corn plants over the experimental region.
Theoretical study of the differential equation concept of tsunami waves using the leapfrog scheme
Authors: Fauzi Yulian , Memi Mayasari Zulfia
Published: June 2021

In this research work, tsunami wave propagation models and the underlying theory are examined through solving numerical wave-based partial differential equations using the leapfrog scheme. Following the wave physics theory, shallow water equations are explored for their basics and influential parameters; then, numerical methods are employed to solve said equations. As a result, the derivatives of shallow water equations for tsunami propagation modeling have been successfully formulated.
Stability Analysis and Numerical Simulation of a Diffusive Prey-Predator Holling Type II Model
Authors: Satria A , Putri A R , Syafwan M
Published: June 2021

The prey predator interaction is fundamental and important process in a population dynamic. In this paper, a diffusive prey predator holling type II model considering limitation of the prey growth is presented. The model consists two distinct populations. Model is a nonlinear system of partial differential equations which is a initial boundary value problem. The behaviour solution of the model was analyzed by analyzing stability of the critical point. In solving this system, we use Homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions. Numerical solution was determined by using finite difference method. The results show that the diffusive model illustrates a spreading population over a limited area.
Review on some constructions of cyclically ordered groups
Authors: Muhtar Gozali Sumanang
Published: June 2021

We review some techniques of construction of new cyclically ordered groups from the old ones. Especially, we focus on the conditions of quotient group to be a cyclically ordered group.
On Locating Chromatic Number of Disconnected Graph
Authors: Welyyanti D , Azhari M , Lestari R
Published: June 2021

Let is H a disconnected graph and c is the locating k-coloring of H. The locating-chromatic number of H, denoted by XL
'
(H), is the smallest k such that H admits a locating-coloring with k colors. In this paper, we study the locating-chromatic number of disconnected graph with path P
4 and double stars Sm,n
graph as its components.
Logistic Regression Model for Entrepreneurial Capability Factors in Tourism Development of the Rural Areas with Bayesian Inference Approach
Authors: Devianto Dodi , Maryati Sri , Rahman Hafiz
Published: June 2021

The logistic regression model is used to analyze the entrepreneurial capability factors in the rural area’s tourism development with the Bayesian inference approach due to a small number of sample sizes. This study is conducted with sixty nascent entrepreneurs from the rural areas at Nagari Batang Barus of Solok regency in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Scaled categorical response variable indicated by insufficient, sufficient, average and excellence as the response category are used to measure the entrepreneurial capability of the respondents. The predictor variables are demographic dimensions, namely gender, education level, and occupation. At the same time, the variables of the entrepreneurial dimension are indicated by entrepreneurial motive, working motive, social motive, individual motive, and economic motive. The result shows that only the predictor variables of social motive and entrepreneurial motive affect significantly with a hit ratio of 76.67%. This model has a better fit by using Bayesian logistic regression with a small sample size. Social motive and entrepreneurial motive have the main rule in developing tourism business in the rural area based on the character of the local inhabitant and creative economy.
The utilization of graph applications in the making of Angkot B2 lines (Minggu of market – Black River) Bengkulu city
Authors: Novianita L , Haji S , Herawaty D
Published: June 2021

This study discusses how the application of graph theory is used to assist in the construction of the B2 angkot route in Bengkulu City so that it is more regular and can reduce congestion. With a neat and orderly route, it can help make it easier for people to determine which angkot they will use to get to their chosen destination. This research will use the literary method (the problem of the Chinese postman). The results showed that the trajectory made by the literary method (the problem of the Chinese postman) can solve traffic jams.
Simple Design of Control Motor AC for Rotary Force spinning
Authors: Syam R , Kamaruddin  , Ichzan N , Munir Muhammad MM , Khairurrijal
Published: June 2021

The use of rotary forcespinning in the manufacture of nanofibers should receive special attention because of its ability to produce fibers with high production rates and can be applied to both solution and melt form materials. To produce fiber, this rotary forcespinning technique utilizes centrifugal force emanating from a high-speed, large-torque motor rotation. AC motor is an option in fulfilling the need for fiber manufacturing using this system. The amount of torque and the high maximum rotation speed of the motorbike provides an answer to the needs of the rotary forcespinning system. However, behind the advantages of these motors, controlling the motor rotation speed is a separate problem that needs to be resolved. Therefore the aim of this research is to create a simple system to control AC motors by utilizing a microcontroller system and an AC dimmer circuit that functions to regulate the AC voltage that enters the motor. The results obtained indicate that the simple system design can produce rotation on an AC motor with good linearity, although the error value obtained is still high and needs further refinement.
Synthesis and characterization of pyrite mineral from rock deposits in Bantimurung Maros Regency of South Sulawesi
Authors: Ichzan N , Agussalim A , Syam R , Rahman I
Published: June 2021

The study has successfully obtained the mineral pyrite (iron pyrite persulfide) and Hematite (Fe2O3) of the natural resources in the Bantimurung District, Maros, South Sulawesi. The method used in this purification is the hydrothermal method. Based on the characterization results, it was obtained pyrite mineral with high purity (more than 90%). Based on the analysis, this material has a cubic structure P a -3 with lattice parameters a = 5.4167 Å and a space structure for the hematite group -R 32 c with lattice parameters a = 5.048 Å, b = 5.048 Å, and c = 13,762 Å. These results are consistent with the surface morphology characterized using SEM with various magnifications showing uneven particle distribution with a particle size of 5 µm-100 nm. The results of characterization and analysis of XRF and XRD show that the degree of crystallization and homogeneity of natural material deposits in Bantimurung are rich in iron, magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), which appear with a high percentage, and high value minerals such as molybdenum (Mo) and neodymium with a low percentage. With this composition, the materials in Bantimurung have the potential to be used as photovoltaic coatings in solar cell applications, production of sulfur dioxide, paper industry, manufacture of sulfuric acid, semiconductor materials, and applications in sodium and lithium batteries.
Geoelectric Sounding for Identification of Aquifer Layer in East Turatea Village South Sulawesi Province
Authors: Nurfalaq Aryadi , Jumardi Andi , Manrulu Rahma Hi , Nawir Alfian , Prasetyawati Umar Emi
Published: June 2021

East Turatea Village farmers still depend on rainwater for irrigating their rice fields. This study aims to identify groundwater aquifers in the village of East Turatea which can be used as water sources in irrigating rice fields. The method used is the correlation of well data and Vertical Electric Sounding (VES). Well data is result of water table mapping at three measuring stations. Measure the resistivity of rock using a resistivity meter with a length of 200 m with two Vertical Electric Sounding (VES) points. The measurement results are then processed using Progress software to produce a Vertical Electric Sounding (VES) with a resistivity variation to depth. The result this study found that East Turatea Village’s groundwater system in the form of shallow groundwater aquifer has a resistivity value of 0.84-5.5 Ohm.m at a depth of 6.04-31.88 m. Meanwhile, deep groundwater aquifers are at a depth of more than 53.8 m with a resistivity value of 1.94 - 2.75 Ohm.m. East Turatea Village groundwater aquifer is estimated to consist of permeable layer such as sand which is in a saturated zone.
Characterization of Morphological and Crystal Structure of Coral Reefs Samples from Depapre District, Papua
Authors: Dahlan K , Haryati E , Sokoy Y D , Togibasa O , Sa’adah U
Published: June 2021

There are concern about a massive volume of unused and dead coral reefs that lie along the coastline in Depapre district, Papua Province. The application of this natural waste is strictly limited due to lack of public knowledge about the advantage of this material for any purposes. This study aims to determine the potential application of unused and dead coral reefs by characterizing their morphology and its crystal structure. One of the major advantages of this study is to find out whether this material can is suitable to use as basic material in synthesis of hydroxyapatite. There are three types of coral reefs that obtained from the area, including Acropora cervicornis, Porites mayeri, and Pocillopora damicornis. These three types of coral reefs were characterized to determine their crystal structure using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and their morphological shape by using a digital microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The characterization procedure was carried out before the calcination process and after the procedure at a temperature of 1000°C. This study have found that the samples had different size in terms of pores. Prior to the calcination process, all samples showed a single phase that consist of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the structure form of Aragonite crystal. After the calcination procedure, the crystal structure was shifted to Calcite and it was also decomposed to CaO. The particle size of the reef powder was much smaller in volume and it was more homogeneous after it went through the calcination process, in which it ranges from 3 μm to 5 μm.
Natural Antioxidant of Xanthosoma nigrum Stellfeld
Authors: Ratnawati Devi , Fitriyanti Wahidah , Martono Hadi Putranto Agus , Widiyati Eni
Published: June 2021

The primary use of antioxidants is to break free radicals’ reaction to save the body from damage due to free radicals. Free radicals react with molecules around them to obtain electron pairs and achieve stability or molecular atoms and achieve stability or molecular atoms. This reaction would be continuously processed in the body. It would cause various diseases such as cancer, heart, cataracts, premature aging, and other degenerative diseases if it did not stop. The oxidated linoleic acid substrate determined the antioxidant of Xanthosoma nigrum Stellfeld activity. The oxidation results in the form of malondialdehyde (MDA) would be reacted with thiobarbituric acid formed products in the form of a red complex (MDA-TBA), which absorption was measured by spectrophotometer at λ 532 nm. Xanthosoma nigrum Stellfeld extract with a concentration of 100 ppm, 150 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm had the inhibition of 19,32%, 21,85%, 29,47%, and 31,05%. The positive control, with α-tocopherol 200 ppm, had inhibition of 85,14%.
Modified Natural Silica Dimethylamine for Optimization of Sulfate Ion Absorption Using the Batch Method
Authors: Riswinia Aulia Ikke , Oktavia Budhi
Published: June 2021

Sulfates are compounds that are often used in various industrial activities. Sulfate wastes with high concentrations can cause an imbalance in the natural sulfur cycle which causes the leaching of toxic sulfides which leads to environmental damage. Adsorption is an effective way of dealing with waste. Silica is an adsorbent that is often used for the adsorption process. on DMA-modified silica. Characterized by using infrared spectra, microscope scanner and adsorption of sulfate solutions with various concentrations and contact times. The results showed that the use of modified DMA silica had better absorption than activated silica seen from the frendulich isotherm pattern with a regression coefficient R2 = 1. Absorption capacity at 60 minutes was 0.82754 mg/g−1.
Synthesis and in vitro Antioxidant Activity of chloro-substituted Hydrazone
Authors: Afriana N , Nurulita Y , Zamri A , Jasril J
Published: June 2021

Hydrazones have been reported for various biological activities, including their scavenging radical activity as antioxidants. The presence of azomethine group (-NHN=CH-) makes this compound one of the important classes in many synthetic products. In this study, ortho and meta-positions of chloro-substituted hydrazones have been synthesized through condensation reaction between substituted benzaldehydes and phenylhydrazine under microwave irradiation. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by UV, FTIR, 1H-NMR, and GC-MS spectroscopic data while antioxidant activity was tested by the DPPH method. Hydrazone compounds were successfully synthesized in good yield and short-time reaction. The results of in vitro antioxidant activity assay showed that chlorohydrazone have very good antioxidant activity, whereas meta has better activity than ortho-position with IC50 value of 25.8 and 57 µg/mL respectively. The results demonstrated that these active compounds may use to support as a decent stand for further investigation in a way to ascertain innovative antioxidant medicines.
Electron Microscope and Diffraction Study of Snake Fruit (Salacca zalacca (Gaert.) Voss) Peels
Authors: Agus Triawan Deni , S Salprima Yudha , Falahudin Aswin
Published: June 2021

Electron Microscopy study of snake fruit (Salacca zalacca (Gaert.) Voss) peels have been carried out by scanning at the surface part of the snake fruit peel (outer and inner) using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The SEM micrograph of outer snake fruit peel shows patterned some spots with percentage of carbon (55.73%), oxygen (23.28%), silicon (20.36%) and other components (0.63%). While on the inside part shows the shape like a fiber with carbon composition (46.40%), oxygen (50.43%) and other components (3.17%). Further treatment of snake fruit peel biomass by heating 500 °C and confirmation by X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that, the presence of carbon and crystalline phase of quartz silica. Furthermore, SEM-EDS shows some porous pattern with the percentage of carbon (58.9%), oxygen (28.87%), silicon (5.71%) and other components (6.52%).
The Effectiveness Test of Sunscreen Cream with Raw Material of Coconut Oil and Active Ingredients of Bay (Eugenia polyantha Wight ) Leaf Ethanol Extract and TiO2
Authors: Widiyati E , Ratnawati D , Fitriani D , Wati S
Published: June 2021

A research on the effectiveness test of sunscreen cream made of coconut oil as raw material and active ingredients of bay (Eugenia polyantha Wight) leaf ethanol extract and TiO2 has been conducted. Sunscreen cream was made by emulsifying the water phase (distilled water, glycerin, methyl paraben and triethanolamine = TEA) which has been heated to 70° C and oil phase (lanoline, cetyl alcohol, stearic acid, coconut oil and prophyl paraben) which has been heated to 70° C as well and it was added an active ingredient of TiO2. The mixture was then added the bay leaf ethanol extract and was stirred, until a homogeneous cream was formed. The resulting cream was determined its properties such as pH, viscosity, absorption of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and sun protection factor (SPF). From the SPF value calculated, then the effectiveness of sunscreen creams could be determined. The results showed that the resulting creams have a pH of 7.55-7.75, viscosity of 4000-10800 cps. If TiO2 is added to a cream containing 0.5% bay leaf ethanol extract, the SPF value of the cream will increase. If the concentration of TiO2 added to the cream is increased, the SPF of the cream will also increase. Cream with bay leaf ethanol extract of 0.5% and 6% TiO2, has an SPF value of 3.101 and is included in the low protection category of sunscreens.
Effect of Grain Size Coconut Frond Powder on The Strength of Particle Board
Authors: Sutanto T D , Banon C , Trihadi B , Damayani N F
Published: June 2021

The aim of this research was to make particle board from coconut frond powder with various grain size. Particle board test pieces are made by mixing coconut frond powder with various grain sizes, namely 10; 25; 50 and 75 mesh with 40% of liquid rubber compound to obtain a particle board test pieces with the length, width and height of 5 x 10 x 7.5 cm and then dried in the sun. Then the particle board test pieces pressed to a thickness of 2.5 cm and then characterized its strength which includes the modulus of rupture (MOR), the modulus of elasticity (MOE), the Screw Hold Strength and water absorption. The results of this research indicated that the best strength of particle board was obtained on the use of 50 mesh coconut front powder and 40% liquid rubber compound as the adhesive. On this mix, the value of MOR, MOE, the strength of the screw and water absorption of resulting particle board are 1528.32 g/mm2, 618.18 g/mm2, 4.9111 N/cm2 and 26.87% respectively.
Indigenous Yeast for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Hermansyah  , Panagan Almunady T , Fatma  , Susilawati
Published: June 2021

The second generation of bioethanol made from lignocellulosic biomass which is considered a clean energy source and has high potential of alternative and renewable energy sources. Yeast play an essential role in bioethanol production as fermentation agent a wide range of sugars to ethanol. The great yeast biodiveristy isolated from plants, fruit, or its part could be an potential source of strain. Indigenous yeasts screened and isolated from tuak, an traditional beverages, durian fruit, coconut water fermented some monosacharides of lignocellulose. Yeast isolates migh have ‘superior yeast’ which has characteristics such as tolerant to high temperature, acids, inhibitors, high ethanol level. These isolates are important for the development of efficient ethanol production, therefore very attractive for the fuel elcohol industry.
Identification of secondary metabolite compounds and gc-ms test (gas chromatography mass spectroscopy) on purslane plant (Portulaca oleracea L)
Authors: Nurasia  , Pirda
Published: June 2021

This study aims to analyze the types of secondary metabolite compounds contained in purslane plants (Portulaca oleracea). Ethanol extract of roots, stems and purslane leaves was obtained by maceration of root, stem and leaf samples using 96% ethanol for 3x24 hours. Phytochemical tests for ethanol extracts of roots, stems and purslane leaves include examination of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids and terpenoids. Phytochemical test results showed that the ethanol extract of roots and purslane positive stems contained alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, flavonoids and terpenoids. While the phytochemical test results of positive purslane leaf ethanol extracts contain alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins. Then the secondary metabolite compounds are identified using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy). The results of the identification of ethanol extracts of roots, stems and purslane leaves found the most compounds. At the root are stigmast, phenol, propionate, hexadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid. In the stems are ethylcholest, campasterol, borabicyclo [3.1.3] nonane, stigmast and phenol. The leaves are phenol, stigmast, phenol, methyl linolenic acid and headecanoic acid.
Application of urban ecological concepts towards healthy and humane cities
Authors: Faraniza Z
Published: June 2021

Recognizing the era of demographic trends, it is important to anticipate population growth between 2000-2030, around 2 billion people will be concentrated in urban areas. The 21st century will be a century of urbanization that covers around 1-6% of the earth’s surface, but they have enormous ecological ‘footprints’ and complex, strong, and indirect effects on ecosystems. At present, more than 50% of the world’s population lives in urban areas, and it is estimated that 70% of the world’s population will live in cities and towns by 2050. An urban ecological approach is becoming increasingly important in dealing with large numbers of the world’s population. population. urban health problems arising from urbanization and globalization in developed and developing countries. This research is a descriptive study with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). This research focuses on urban areas that store various types of nature such as semi-natural habitats to abandoned areas, green open spaces, and other biotopes that are highly influenced by humans with collections of related species. The results show that it is necessary to understand, integrate and apply ecological models and processes to urban biodiversity for populations and their importance in the face of large-scale population increases and developing cities, so that there is a balance between urban areas and environmental sustainability in order to achieve a better standard of living and harmony with the environment for urban communities.
Phytochemical analysis and antifungi activity of methanol extract of Acalypha hispida Burm. F. flower against to Candida albicans (Y116)
Authors: Wardoyo E R P , Hildayati U , Rachmawati  , Kurniatuhadi R
Published: June 2021

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by the fungus Candida albicans. One of the plants that has potential as an antifungal activity is Acalypha hispida. The objectives of this research determined the phytochemical analysis and antifungal activity of A. hispida flower methanolic extract on the growth of C. albicans using the disc diffusion method. Identification of compounds using thin layer chromatography (TLC). This study consisted of six treatments, namely control using ketoconazole and concentrations of A. hispida methanol extract of 0, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 g/mL. The results showed that all concentrations of A. hispida methanolic extract had antifungal properties against the growth of C. albicans. The concentration of 1.0 g/mL showed the best inhibition against C. albicans. The methanol extract of A. hispida flowers contains alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and phenols.
Hypoglycemic effects of Enhydra fluctuans aerial extract on alloxan-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Delfita R , Tjong D H , Dahelmi D , Suhatri S
Published: June 2021

Enhydra fluctuans is one of the medicinal plants of the Minangkabau tribe, West Sumatra, Indonesia which is widely used by the community to treat various diseases including diabetes mellitus. However, scientific studying of its hypoglycemic activity is very limited. In this study, we evaluated the hypoglycemic activity of E. fluctuans aerial ethanol using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in stable hyperglycemia rats and its phytochemical screening. Twenty-five diabetic rats were divided into five groups with five replications: negative control, positive control (glibenclamide), ethanol extract dosage of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg. Blood glucose is measured at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes. Blood glucose level, the area under the curve (AUC) value, and the percentage of blood glucose reduction is calculated. It was found that a dosage of 500 mg/kg was the best hypoglycemic activity in stable hyperglycemia rats and significantly different (p<0.05) compared with the negative control. Hypoglycemic activity of this dosage was longer if compared with glibenclamide. E. fluctuans aerial ethanol extract contained saponins, phenolic, terpenoids, steroids, and coumarin compounds. Our findings demonstrate that E. fluctuans have potent hypoglycemic effects in diabetes.
Study of antiinflamation activity in ethanol extract from coriander leaf (coriandrum sativum l.) induced by carrageenan in male rats
Authors: Sinaga S M , Batubara M , Pulungan M H , Cintya H , Dhermawan H
Published: June 2021

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is a popular spice plant in Indonesia. This plant has benefits as traditional herbal medicine plants, especially in the leafy part of which are useful as anti-inflammatory. The objective of this research is to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract of coriander leaves on the soles of male rats induced by λ-carrageenan. The method used in this study is the paw edema method using a digital plethysmometer with the principle of measurement based on Archimedes’ law and carried out experimentally by dividing 25 mice into 5 groups. Group 1, 2, and 3 were given ethanol extract of coriander leaves (EECL) with each doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgbw, group 4 as negative control, group 5 as positive control given diclofenac sodium, then the volume is measured. The results of this study from tukey test results on inflammation showed that EECL doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgbw didn’t differ significantly (p> 0.05) with diclofenac sodium dose of 2.25 mg/kgbw at 240 minutes to 360 minutes, but significantly different from CMC Na 0.05% (p<0.05). In inhibition percent of inflammation EECL doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kgbw didn’t differ significantly (p> 0.05) with diclofenac sodium dose of 2.25 mg/kgbw at 30 minutes to 360 minutes. The Conclusion of this study is EECL doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgbw have anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced male rats. EECL dose of 400 mg/kgbw has the best average inflammation inhibitory activity.
Diversity of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in mangrove forest of Pariaman
Authors: Fitri R Z , Putri I L E , Nugraha F A D , Satria R
Published: June 2021

Ants are a social insect with high diversity and distributed widely to the world in many types of habitats including mangrove ecosystem. They also plays important role in mangrove ecosystem, but the study of ant in this habitat of West Sumatra still scanty. The purpose of this study was to understand the ant diversity in mangrove ecosystem of Pariaman, West Sumatra. The collection method used in this research is baited trap, beating and hand collection. A total of 11 species, 10 genera of ants belonging to 3 subfamilies were found in this study. Formicinae is the subfamily with highest number of species (5 spp.) and follows by Myrmicinae (4 spp.) and Dolichoderinae (2 spp.). The following invasive and tramp species were found in the present study, Anoplolepis gracilipes, Tapinoma melanochepalum, Tetramorium simillimum, and Tetramorium bicarinatum. The ant species diversity index in this study is moderate (H '= 1,2), while the evenness index classified as moderate (E = 0,5), and no species of ants dominate of this area were found (D = 0,5)
Pathogenicity of entomopatogenic fungi isolates from infected pest crop against dry wood termites Cryptotermes sp. (Ioptera: Kalotermitidae)
Authors: Zulyusri  , Desyanti  , Hidayat Y
Published: June 2021

Through exploration at several farming regions in X Koto sub distric, Tanah Datar regency, West Sumatera province (Kandang Sampia, Kayu Tanduak, Panyalaian, Koto Baru), were found 38 fungi isolates. Some isolates (31.58%) pathogenic against drywood termites, Cryptotermes sp. Most of those fungi belong to Ascomycota division (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp. 1, Aspergillus sp. 2, Aspergillus sp. 3, Aspergillus sp. 4, Aspergillus sp. 5, Penicillium sp. 1, Penicillium sp. 2, Penicillium sp. 3, Penicillium sp. 4), while 2 fungi did not identified yet (Sp. 1 and Sp. 2). A. niger is the most effective fungi to control Cryptotermes sp., that indicated by its ability to kill termites (at 107 conidial/ml could kill 93.94% after 7 days infected, higher viability and spore formation), but not differed with Aspergilus sp. 1 and Penicillium sp. 2. The lowest ability showed by Sp. 1 fungi (at 107 conidial/ml only could kill 60.61% after 7 days infected).
The Characteristic of Luciferase cDNA of Lamprigera sp. (Lampyridae: Coleoptera)
Authors: Ahda Yuni , Pranata Aldi , Achyar Afifatul , Ratnawulan
Published: June 2021

Some organisms can emit light naturally. Fireflies are most popular organisms among them. The light is produced in all species of fireflies due to luciferase enzymes. Lamprigera is one of the fireflies genus. Its species Lamprigera sp. is interesting to be studied because it has big larvae dan easily be found on ground at night since it has strong light. Information about the luciferase gene in Lamprigera sp. is restricted. In this study we characterize the luciferase cDNA of Lamprigera sp. collected in Kayu Aro, Kerinci, Jambi. Amplification of Lamprigera’s luciferase cDNA using LF and LR primers produced 367 bp fragments. The similarity levels of Lamprigera’s luciferase cDNA sequences with published Lamprigera yunnana is 83%. This indicates that luciferase cDNA of Lamprigera sp. is different from the published Lamprigera yunnana. However, phylogenetic tree construction shows that Lamprigera sp. have a close relationship with Lamprigera yunnana.
Evaluation and Analysis of Needs for Air Ventilation Systems in Underground Coal Mine (Case Study in Underground Coal Mine, Sawahlunto City)
Authors: Heriyadi Bambang , Salia Zakri Rizto
Published: June 2021

Accidents at an underground coal mine in Sawahlunto City between 2009 and 2017 have occurred several times and resulted in fatalities. Most of the accidents occur due to methane gas explosions. And clearly this is an indication of the poor management of the air ventilation system in the underground coal mine. The air ventilation system in underground mines is actually very important and is like the flow of blood to the human body. Underground coal mines can continue to produce if the air ventilation management system is carried out properly and according to existing regulations. The management of the air ventilation system in underground coal mines consists of how to control the quality and quantity of air in the mine so that it meets the required threshold values. Management of a good ventilation system will generate confidence for workers to remain active in comfort with high work efficiency. This article will reveal the importance of evaluating and analyzing the need for air ventilation systems in underground coal mines, with case study in several mines operating in Sawahlunto
The Use of MATLAB in Learning the Velocity Analysis with Relative Velocity Method on Slider Crank Mechanism
Authors: Yanti Sari Delima , Ambiyar  , Nurdin Hendri , Yufrizal A
Published: June 2021

In the subject of kinematics, velocity analysis is the fundamental concepts in studying motions in the machines. Graphically velocity analysis, might be difficult to understand by the students, especially if the concepts is explained by conventional teaching method. In this study, development a computer program for velocity analysis of slider crank mechanism is presented. The purpose is to assist the learning process of slider crank kinematics, so the students will easily understand the concept. The computer program is written by using MATLAB. Graphical User Interface is used, so the users are allowed to change the input parameters such as angle of linkage bar, the magnitude and direction of angular velocity etc. Based on the inputs, the computer program displays the outputs such as linear and angular velocity, steps of velocity analysis graphically and its mathematical computations. This computer program has been validated by theoretical calculations. In the future, the application will be developed for other complex mechanism and be implemented in learning of kinematics.
Distribution Mapping and Typology of Slum Area Based on Spatial Autocorrelations in Padang City
Authors: Ramadhan Risky , Syarief Azhari
Published: June 2021

The high population development of Padang City is faced with limited land for areas and its infrastructure, resulting in a dense and slum-prone environmental condition of the City. The Central Government, together with the Padang City Government, held a program aimed at rehabilitating slum areas with the KOTAKU (Kota Tanpa Kumuh) program. This policy needs to be evaluated with the identity of the distribution and typology of slum areas to see changes in the slum area spatially. This study aims to identify the distribution of slum areas and describe slum areas’ typology using spatial autocorrelation in the City of Padang. Based on the survey results, slum areas were identified in 45 (forty-five) well-known subdistrict in 11 districts with a total area of 129.16 hectares of slum areas. There are 8,282 households in slum identified areas in the City of Padang. The spatial typology of slum areas resulted in a p-value of 0.061, a z-score of 1.867, and a moran index of 0.095 with a clustered pattern. The influence of spatial dependence is presented by the distribution of Moran and sub-district in the City of Padang’s urban fringe area. This condition is supported by a result of the concentration of activities at the core of the Padang City sub-district, causing it to not develop in the urban fringes area.
Effect of boric acid on the preservation of palm replanting wood waste
Authors: Ardinal A. , Sy Salmariza , Sofyan Sofyan
Published: June 2021

At present, the area of oil palm plantations in Indonesia is approximately 11 million hectares. In addition, to produce abundant palm oil, this palm plantation also produces waste in the form of replanted wood when regeneration is carried out. The aim of this research is the utilization of palm wood replanting waste by immersion treating with boric acid as a preservative with concentrations of 1; 2.5 and 5% and soaking time of 2, 4, 6 days. From the preliminary analysis of the replanting waste, the water content was obtained at 34.41%, flexural strength at 26.48 kg/cm2, and compressive strength at 3.73 kg/cm2. After the preservative treatment with boric acid with 2; 4; and 6 days immersion and drying process, it was found the decrease of water content, an increase of compressive strength and flexural strength. The 4 days immersion with boric acid 5% was the best treatment with the water content decreased to 0.31%, flexural strength increased to 47.60 kg/cm2 and compressive strength increased to 8.21 kg/cm2.
Characterization of catechin microcapsules from gambier using modified flour coatings from bengkuang
Authors: Yeni Gustri , Firdausni  , Three Anova Inda , Kamsina  , Wahyuningsih Tri
Published: June 2021

Active compounds of catechin from gambier have several disadvantages, which include being difficult to dissolve in water and not easily oxidized. Therefore, to overcome these disadvantages, they are coated with starch matrix. The modified starch from jicama (bengkuang) was produced from acid hydrolysis process, precipitated with alcohol therefore, it has a helical hole, porous structure and functions as a matrix. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of modified starch from bengkuang as a matrix on the characteristics of catechins microcapsules from gambier. The treatments tested include the ratio of catechins in modified starch (25%, 50%, 75%), a speed of 6000 rpm, and stirring time of 15 minutes on the emulsification process. The parameters observed consisted of the loading capacity of catechins in coatings, morphology (SEM), antioxidant activity, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. The results of this study showed that catechins which were encapsulated at a ratio of 1:3, had the highest antioxidant activity, i.e. 15.30 ppm with morphology of the sphere being smooth. The material ratio which affects the surface of the catechin microcapsules with elemental mapping, showed that the brighter the colour, the higher the amount of catechin concentration in encapsulation. Furthermore, the FTIR analysis showed the binding of catechins ingredient in the matrix with new absorption peaks at wavelengths of 1240 cm−1, 1286 cm−1 and 1366 cm−1. Therefore, catechin microcapsules encapsulated with modified starch, have shown good resistance to air/oxygen diffusion during storage.
Very low frequency/low-frequency receiver for monitoring disturbances in the ionosphere D layer
Authors: Suryana Rizal , Manik Timbul , Lathif Musthofa , Suriana  , Batubara Mario , Sitompul Peberlin
Published: June 2021

The Ionosphere layer can influence radio wave propagation from one place to another place with a very long distance on the Earth and between satellites to the receiver. Each ionosphere layer has different characteristics and the presence of the ionosphere changes daily according to solar activity. The D layer is the innermost ionosphere layer, starting about 60 - 95 km above the Earth’s surface. Observation of the D layer cannot be carried out by balloon, ionosonde, and satellite because it is too low so that continuous observation is very difficult. VLF/LF radio web can be traveled hundreds to thousands of kilometers from the transmitter with multiple reflections between the earth and the ionosphere that is known as the Earth-Ionosphere WaveGuide (EIWG). VLF/LF receiver is an instrument that can be used to observe changes in the low region ionosphere layer due to solar activities.
Colorimetric properties of batik fabrics colored using gambier liquid waste
Authors: Failisnur F , Sofyan S , Silfia S
Published: June 2021

The process of batik and colouring on cotton and silk using gambier liquid waste, through the wax removal process in hot temperature affects the color characteristic and fastness properties of the fabric. The purpose was to study the effects of the batik process on the color and fastness properties the dyed fabrics. The study was conducted with the use of soda ash as the wax removal, and CaO, FeSO4, Al2(SO4)3 as mordant with post mordanting method on cotton and silk fabrics. The results showed that the batik process affects the can provide varying color strength (3.7 - 16.7) with color coordinates in the range of yellowish (7.7 - 19.9) to reddish (5.7 - 24.8) and fairly good color fastness to excellent against washing, rubbing and light effects. The highest color strength was obtained when using mordant FeSO4 which was applied to silk.
Application of Analytical Hierarchy Process in Evaluating the Student Acceptance of E-Learning Implementation for Logic and System Modelling Learning
Authors: Aurachman Rio , Ardin Ghifari Muhammad
Published: June 2021

The logic and modeling of systems thinking are studied by students in various subjects, one of which is mathematics. An e-learning system can be used to learn these abilities. Survey was conducted using sample from student in Information system design courses. The data obtained was evaluated using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The AHP method was chosen in order to obtain an effectiveness comparison between e-learning tools and face-to-face learning in the classroom.