bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Islamic Economic Methodology Aproach to Achieve Economic Equity: Epistemological Study
Authors: Azlina Nur , Maesarach R. Melda , Said Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Economic policies based on capitalism and socialism have proven to have failed to create a just economy. As a result of adhering to capitalist and socialist ideologies, macroeconomic imbalances and national instability occur. The welfare and prosperity of the people does not depend on production alone, but also on its proper distribution. Wealth in a country can be produced in large quantities, but if its distribution is not based on true and fair principles, then the country will not be able to achieve prosperity. This article aims to find out how the methodology of Islamic economics realizes equity and falah. This research uses descriptive qualitative research method with a literature review approach. Data collection techniques, with literature, from several sources obtained that are relevant to the theme. Books, journals, websites, and others. The data analysis technique is descriptive qualitative, describing the study of Islamic economic epistemology that can help realize economic equity. The results in this study BMT is a financial institutional system that is able to reform the conventional economic system and bring economic justice and equitable distribution with practical provisions through syar'i arrangements in collecting and distributing through wadi'ah, mudharabah, musyarakah, murabahah, salam, istishna transactions. , ijarah, and qardh. The implementation of Islamic social finance in Indonesia can be seen through the existence of various financial institutions that provide financial services by involving Islamic social funds such as Baznas (National Amil Zakat Agency), BWI (Indonesian Waqf Board) and other institutions with the aim of embracing the middle, small, and medium-sized micro communities.
ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION AT ALTITUDES UPTO 37 KM OVER INDIA IN THE LATITUDE BELT 17°-19°N
Authors: GOKHALE GS , Menon MGK
Published: April 2022

Mean monthly winds in the 7-37 km range for the months, of September to May through December, based on 155 balloon ascents made over the period 1957-00 in the latitude belt 17*-10QN in India, are reported. It is shown that except for few short periods during winter and spring, when weak westerlies prevailed, the stratospheric circulation was predominantly zonal with winds generally increasing with altitude.
On the derivation of unit hydrograph for estimating flood discharge at Ramgarh in Damodar Valley
Authors: GHOSE SK
Published: April 2022

Rainfall data in the Damodar Val1ey area above Ramgarh and the rivergauge and discharge data at Ramgarh pertaining to a few rainstorms affecting the area have been studied by hydrograph analysis. The processed data have been utilised for deriving the unit graph for the area, which may be used as a tool for forecasting  the flood hydrograph at Ramgarh.
Radar-Climatology of Delhi and neighbourhood: Occurrence of severe weather
Authors: KULSHRESTHA SM , JAIN PS
Published: April 2022

Occurrence of severe weather, observed within a range of 200 miles around Delhi, has been investigated with reference to the maximum heights of echo tops reported in the area. While the number of severe weather reports increases with the increase in maximum heights of echo tops in the area, no significant increase in severe weather activity is observed when the echo tops reach or penetrate the tropopause. The monthly distribution of the number of hail occurrences as well as their preferred hours of occurrence have also been studied for the region.
Radar study of thunderstorm activity in northeast India during the premonsoon season
Authors: SUBRAMANIAN DV , SEHGAL UN
Published: April 2022

Radar observations at Agartala during the premonsoon months of April and May form the basis for this study. The preferred sectors and ranges of occurrence of convective cells around Agartala and the variation in the maximum heights attained during different periods of the day have been studied. Movement of convective cells, in relation to the upper wind in the area, has also been studied.
The vertical currents in a thundercloud over Gauhati on 20 March 1966
Authors: GHOSH ASHIMK , DAY JS
Published: April 2022

The evening radiosonde balloon of 20 March 1966 at Gauhati, entered a thundercloud which gave hail, was under the influence of a strong downdraft for about 8.5 minutes. The maximum downdraft was found to be 17 m/sec. From the dimension of hail, the magnitude of the updraft has also been computed and found to be 15.3 m/sec, The detailed synoptic situation of the day has also been given.
Surface Wave Dispersion and Crustal Structure in the Indian Ocean
Authors: NAG SK
Published: April 2022

Dispersion of Rayleigh waves along several paths in the Indian Ocean have been studied by means of records from Shillong. From the observed group velocity data it was found that the average thickness of the crust under the Indian Ocean is about 5.10 km. It was also found that the bottom of the Indian Ocean is likely to be covered, by a series of ridges.
A 403 mc/s Radiosonde Receiver
Authors: ROY NSEN , PRAKARH S
Published: April 2022

The paper describe a radiosonde receiver that can handle frequency modulated signals in the  403 mc/s band. It works on super heterodyne principle and its output containing meteorological intelligence is in the form of pulses of constant height and width which are suitable for being fed to a frequency meter type recorder.
Radio-Climatology of India : III Radio Refractive Index at 100-mb level
Authors: KUJJSHRESTHA SM , CHATTERJEE K
Published: April 2022

Based on the 5 year averages of the values of pressure, temperature and relative humidity at 700-mb level, the corresponding values of modified radio refractive index have been computed for this level over 12 Indian stations these data have been utilised to discuss the monthly and seasonal distribution of radio-refractive index at 700-mb level. Various radio-climaticcharts, dealing with the horizontal distribution of radio-refractive index at this isobaric surface over India, have been prepared and their prominent features have been discussed.
Formation, intensification and unusual movement of the storm of 8 November 1965
Authors: SWAMINATHAN DR
Published: April 2022

The synoptic situations associated with the formation, intensification and unusual movement of the storm of 8 November 1965 are discussed in this paper.
Storm-induced sea-level changes at Saugor Island situated in north Bay of Bengal
Authors: JANARDHAN S
Published: April 2022

The sea level at Saugor Island is not significantly affected by freshet discharges of the river Hooghly although there are significant changes at a station about 70 miles upstream (Minist. Irrg. Pwr. 1952, 1953). Daily departures of the observed tidal heights at Saugor Island from the values predicted by the tide predicting machine were obtained for selected periods when cyclonic storms affected the north Bay of Bengal and were located 150-250 miles away from Saugor Island. The. monthly mean departure dm was subtracted from the daily departures and the resultant values of (8-dm ) were found to vary between I and 3 ft. On the assumption of (i) a mean  .wind distribution found as the average of a large number of cyclonic storms in the Bay of Bengal, (ii) negligible' static' pressure effect and (iii) a wind stress coefficient of 0.0024 (Sverdrup), the wind pile-up at Saugor Island caused by the wind systems associated with the cyclonic storms, was computed. The depths of the ocean needed for the computation were taken from the Admiralty charts. The computed values of the pile up were found to agree fairly well with the values of (8-dm), the mean percentage deviation being 10 per cent for the six instances studied. This suggests that wind pile-up accounts for nearly 90 per cent of the departure of actual tidal heights from the predicted values. Probably the remaining 10 per cent comes from the mass-transport effects associated with the water currents generated by the wind systems.
A study of maximum wind surface in the easterly jet stream over India during July 1966
Authors: JOSEPH PV
Published: April 2022

. In this paper a study is made of the level of maximum wind of the easterly jet stream over India using July 1966 upper wind data. It is found that, in general during the month, the level of maximum wind increases in height from about 13.1,5 km near Trivandrum latitude to about; 16.18 km at about 15.20 degrees North latitude and towards further north decreases to at times as Iowa height as 12.13 km near Allahabad-Delhi latitudes. Many of the 200.mb charts of July 1966 show two distinct jet axes 10.15 degrees latitude apart, the northern jet axis being of very limited longitudinal extent. The author finds that double jets occur on 200-mb charts due to the inverted V-shaped nature of the north south vertical profile of the level of maximum wind. A tentative schematic diagram of atypical north south vertical section of the easterly wind field of July 1966 is presented in the paper.
A case of very low latitude occurrence of the subtropical Jet Stream over the Indian region
Authors: JOSEPH PV
Published: April 2022

This paper is a case study of an unusual excursion of the subtropical jet stream into very low latitudes. From 18 December 1963, the subtropical jet stream began moving south from its normal position, roughly Bahrain to Delhi, consequent to the formation of a deep trough in the upper tropospheric westerlies, near Bahrain longitude. At 0000 GMT on 24 December 1963, the subtropical jet is located along Aden-Visakhapatnam, with Aden recording a maximum wind of 120 kms westerly, which is quite unusual. The vertical cross-section along longitude 80°E for 0000 GMT of 24 December 1963 shows clearly two jet stream9, the subtropical jet stream core near Visakhapatnam, below the tropical tropopause and close to a break in the tropopause and another jet stream core, over Delhi, in the angle formed by the tropopause and an inclined front which does not extend below 500 mb.
Rainfall distribution in India in relation to latitude, longitude and elevation
Authors: RAMACHANDRAN G
Published: April 2022

An analysis of the normal rainfall of 167 observatory stations distributed over India and the neighbourhood has been made using regression equations representing monthly and annual rainfall as a linear function of latitude, longitude and elevation above sea level. The multiple CCs are high, being 0.8 to 0.9 except in some months.

 

The anomalies after eliminating the systematic variations have also been studied. These bring to light other factors which influence rainfall, viz., the orographic effects and the effect of lee-side of mountains.
Seasonal oscillation of bright sunshine in India and neighbourhood
Authors: PARTHASARATHY B
Published: April 2022

Calculated bright sunshine values are available in India, A study of its seasonal variation has been taken up. The amplitude of the annual and semi annual variations of bright sunshine are largest in the west central parts of the country
Sedimentary Rayleigh waves across the Gangetic basin- A preliminary study
Authors: CHAUDHURY HM
Published: April 2022

Rayleigh wave dispersion in range of periods of 5 to 15 seconds from a number of earthquakes has been studied for paths crossing the Gangetic basin. The results have been compared with theoretical models, mostly with a single layer. They indicate the variation of the depth of the low velocity sediments from one path to another within the basin.
On the variations of pressure an temperature associate With Nor'westers at Dum Dum
Authors: ADMANABHAMURTY BP , CHAUDHURY AK
Published: April 2022

Thunderstorms occurring at Dum Dum Airport have been classified into four categories based on pressure and temperature variation. In majority of cases, pressure rises and temperature falls were observed. Occasions with other combinations of pressure and temperature also existed.. Representative cases have been presented and discussed, Hailstorms accompanied by pressure rise have also been presented.
Determination of the horizontal dimensions of mesoscale precipitating system
Authors: BILLA HS , RAJ HFJM
Published: April 2022

Assuming that a mesoscale precipitating system is circular in nature and has a uniform speed of its movement, expressions for its horizontal extent and the velocity of propagation over a station have been derived from simple geometrical considerations. Using S,R. raingauge data for 1.964 (monsoon period) of three sites situated about 1O to 15 km apart so as to form three vertices of a triangle, area of some oft he rain giving systems over Poona has also been studied in the paper .
Upper mantle seismic wave velocities in the Hindukush region
Authors: TANDON AN
Published: April 2022

Gutenberg's method has been applied for the determination of the seismic wave velocities and their variations with depth in the upper part of the upper mantle below the hindukush mountains. Data from fifty earthquakes occurring at various depths in the Hindukush region have been utilised. The results confirm the existence of a low velocity layer for S-waves at a depth of about 160km below the surface. The S-velocity decreases slowly from a value of 4.5 km{sec at a depth of 65 kin to a value of 4.4, km/sec at a depth of 160 km after which it rises again reaching value of 4,. 52 km{sec at a depth of 225km. No such velocity minima is, however, discernible in the case of P.waves. The velocity of P-waves appears to remain nearly constant at 8 km/sec up to a depth of 160km. It then rises steeply up to a depth of 200 km after which the velocity gradient decreases. The value of Poisson's ratio just below the Mohorovicic discontinuity in this region works out to be 0.26. This value increases steadily to 0.29 upto a depth of 225 km and then attains a constant value.
Forecasting of pentad rainfall character in Kerala coast during July
Authors: MOOLEY DA
Published: April 2022

Utilising the 700.mb level, 5-day mean and 1-day mean (i.e., mean of 00 and 12 GMT) charts preceding the occurrence of extreme abnormal and extreme subnormal rainfall in Kerala, significant parameters have been obtained. These parameters have been used in evolving the scheme based on contingency technique for forecasting pentad rainfall anomaly in Kerala. In this scheme, forecast for the next 5.day period is issued after every two or three days, depending on the periods of the mean 700.mb contour charts for overlapping pentads.
An observational study of the Sea Breeze at an Equatorial Coastal station
Authors: NARAYANAN V
Published: April 2022

The paper contains a preliminary study of the sea breeze at Thumba (08°32' N, 76° 52'E) based on observations on 392 days, spread over a period of three years (1963-1966).

 

Analysis on hourly wind observation reveals that the northeasterly or northerly land breeze is replaced by westerly or southwesterly sea breeze before mid-day during October to May it is also seen that November to April are favoured most by the sea breeze at Thumba. Southerly setting, late onset as well as early cessation of the sea breeze have been noticed on a few occasions. The wind is always above 5 kt after the incidence of the sea breeze and it may vary to a maximum speed of 22 kt and oscillates between 180°-300° depending on the prevailing synoptic situation. The vertical extent of the sea breeze is about 1 km and 0.8 km in summer and winter respectively.

 

    The frontal characteristics of the sea breeze are not very marked at Thumba. There is no significant temperature fall associated with the sudden onset of the see breeze, but slight rise in relative humidity is 5-10 percent recorded on a few occasions. The reversal of land and sea breeze is illustrated by an example giving hourly tower wind and pilot balloon wind data.
Radio Refractive Index structure of upper troposphere over India
Authors: SRIVASTAVA HN
Published: April 2022

The mean monthly values of radio refractive index for 12 radiosonde stations in India based the data during the years 1956.60 have been calculated (at 300,200, 150 and 100-mb levels) and their monthly variation is studied. The distribution of refractive index at 300, 200 and 100-mb levels has been discussed and compared with that of the lower troposphere. during January and August, The variation of the annual range of the index with latitude and altitude is also described.

        It is seen that there is a marked difference in the refractive index structure between the lower and upper tropospheres over India. The annual range decreases markedly in the upper troposphere as compared to that in the lower. The range of the index is maximum over the stations in north India at 300 mb and shows similarity with that in the tower troposphere in this respect.
A study of five years' of Atmospheric Radiation measurements at Delhi
Authors: SWAMINATHAN MS , DESIKAN V
Published: April 2022

A study of the results of five years of observations of downward atmospheric radiation and net atmospheric radiation at New Delhi from 1958-1962 has been made. Downward atmospheric radiation is maximum during the cloudy monsoon months and minimum during winter, High values occur also in winter associated with Western Disturbances and summer due to increased dust content in the atmosphere. Net radiation is maximum during the cloud free winter and summer months and minimum during the cloudy months, Due to the continental semi-arid character of its climate and the extreme dryness of the atmosphere over Delhi the annual variations in both downward and net atmospheric radiation are compared to those at Madras except during the monsoon months.
The dependence of Net-Radiation on Short-Wave Radiation at Waltair
Authors: VISWANADHAM Y , RAMANADHAM R
Published: April 2022

The constants of the general radiation balance equation suggested by Monteith and Szeicz (1961) are redetermined for the tropical latitude station, waltair. The calculated radiation balance equation with new constants for the station is R=0.86(1-a) S-4.2. A high correlation coefficient 0.99 is obtained between net short wave radiation (1- a) S and net radiation R.
Night-time 5Cs, 515 and Bays in H at equatorial electrojet stations in India
Authors: GUPTA BRD
Published: April 2022

It is shown that while at Indian electrojet station Annamalainagar some night-time enhancement is seen, at Trivandrum also an electrojet station on the contrary some night-time diminution is seen for all the three phenomena SC, SI and Bay. It is also shown that in Indian zone the mean ratio decreases from north to south while in American zone the mean ratio increases from north to south.
Impact of High-Intensity Exercise on Antioxidant System and Liver Enzymes
Authors: Qureshi Alamgir , Jamil Muhammad , Butt Muhammad Zafar Iqbal , Khan Shahzaman , Khaskheli Nisar Ahmed , Darya Muhammad Hashim , Selamoglu Zeliha , Ozdemir Betul
Published: April 2022

Liver is a vital organ of human body performing a variety of functions. In addition, maintenance of antioxidant system is also considered important. Objective: To observe the impact of high volume and high intensity exercise on blood redox state and enzymatic function of the liver. It was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted from January 2017 to Jan 2018 at Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan Methods: An observational study was conducted among twenty (40) voluntarily selected subjects. Measurement of both enzymatic functions of liver and blood redox state of the body were performed through liver functions tests (LFTS) and ferric reducing assay protocol (FRAP assay) by using blood samples collected from the subjects. Results: The collected data were analyzed through statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25 by using different statistical tools such as Mean, Standard Deviation and T Score. Conclusions: Data analysis disclosed that high intensity exercise significantly affected the levels of ALT (t38= -4.369, p <0.05), ALP (t38= -.757, p >.05), AST (t38= -2.246, p < .05) and FRAP (t38=4.308, p<0.05).
Frequency of Urinary Tract Abnormalities on Ultrasound with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Iqbal Usama , Uzair Muhammad , Khadija Syeda , Nadeem Nida , Ali Insha , Arif Kaynat , Hassan Ammar , Ahmad Waqar , Rasheed Somaiqa
Published: April 2022

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia is a common problem effecting the men with increasing age which can cause many complications. Objective: To find out the frequency of Urinary Tract Abnormalities on Ultrasound associated with BPH. Methods: Descriptive study with sample size of 230 patients, conducted at Gilani Ultrasound Centre Lahore and Sanabil Health Services From July to November 2021.All patients coming with BPH were included in this study and their KUB scan done to diagnosed any urinary tract abnormalities. A convex transducer with a frequency of 3.5 to 5MHz was used for transabdominal scanning. Results: There were total of 230 patients who were presented with Benign prostate hyperplasia on Ultrasound scan, the minimum age ranged was 26 and  maximum age was 90. In this study, Normal patients was 77 with 33.3%, Bilateral Hydronephrosis was in 3 patients 1.3%, Bilateral hydronephrosis with right sided Hydro ureter was in 1 patient 0.4%, Bilateral renal stones was in 3 patients 1.3%,Cystitis was in 50 patients 21.6%, Left renal cyst was in 9 patients 3.9%. Conclusion: Our study concluded that the patients coming with BPH presented with different urinary tract abnormalities on Ultrasound. Vesicoureteral reflux may concur the extravasation of urine may rarely occur due to bladder outlet obstruction in patients with BPH. BPH is a risk factor to develop UTI, cystitis, hydronephrosis and hydroureter
Effects Of Resistance Exercise On Lipid Profile And Body Mass Index In Women With Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Aqdas Aneeqa , Rafique Saba , Naeem Eymen , Saleem Namra , Muneeb Hafiza Neelam , Hamid Muhammad Faizan , Muhammad Arslan Hafiz Rana
Published: April 2022

Poly cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common disorders in women at reproductive age. It is commonly associated with infertility, increase in body weight changing in lipid profile and other hormonal levels. Different type of resistance exercise therapy reduces the symptoms of PCOS so physical activity is consider first line therapy for PCOS. Resistance exercises help to reduce total body weight, it helps to regulate the menstrual cycle. Women with PCOS have high levels of TC, TG, LDL, NON-HDL, and low level of HDL but resistance training help to normalize the ranges of lipid profile and reduce BMI. Objective: To determine the effects of resistance exercise on lipid profile and BMI in patient   with PCOS and improvement in lipid profile and BMI in women with PCOS. Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study. Total sample of 28 women with PCOS and abnormal ranges of lipid profile was taken. This study was conducted for 12 weeks. Before starting the resistance training, we took lipid profile lab test and BMI values then after completing the resistance training of 12 weeks again took lipid profile lab test and BMI of patients. Results: Findings revealed that there is significance difference in values of lipid profile and BMI before and after resistance therapy. Lipid profile and BMI reading showed p<0.05 when compared both reading by using Wilcoxon rank test. The p value of all variables is <0.05 so we can say that resistance exercise help to reducing total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides, non-high-density lipoprotein, and BMI and increase the high-density lipoprotein. Conclusion: This study concludes that there is significance difference in lipid profile and BMI in women with PCOS after taking 12 weeks of resistance therapy.
Neuroimaging Findings of Brain Computed Tomography And Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of Covid-19 Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mubeen Muhammad , Farooq Syed Muhammad Yousaf , Sughra Syeda Khadija-Tul- , Ishfaq Ahmed , Gilani Syed Amir , Gilani Syed Arsalan , Kiran Aafia
Published: April 2022

Novel Corona virus-2019 (SARS-CoV-2) has been spreading in continents around the globe and effective treatment has yet not been developed against this novel infection. The victims of COVID-19 tend to develop abnormal neuroimaging features on brain-CT and MRI Imaging. Objective: To assess the incidences of abnormal neuroimaging features in the sufferers of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: PubMed, Science Direct. Research Gate, Medline and Google Scholar were searched till 28th March 2021 to highlight the incidences of abnormal neuroimaging features in the sufferers of SARS-CoV-2 infection. After screening of literature, only twenty-one (21) articles were included. All data extracted from them was further analysed through meta-analysis. Results: Twenty-one (21) eligible articles with one thousand six hundred and forty-four (1644) verified COVID-19 patients were included. The average age of SARS-CoV-2 patients is 65.20 years with 67.1% males and 32.9% females. Brain CT scan (46.2%), brain MRI (41.3%) and both brain CT and brain MRI (12.5%) were used to detect neuroimaging features. The pooled incidences of acute or sub-acute infarctions were most common (25.88%), followed by cerebral micro-bleed (20.05%), encephalitis/encephalopathy (14.53%), and acute spontaneous non-traumatic intracranial haemorrhages (7.55%). Conclusions: The current systematic review concluded that during the spread of the current COVID-19 pandemic, many SARS-CoV-2 patients manifested neurologic symptoms. Out of these neurological manifestations, acute or sub-acute infarction and cerebral micro-bleed are most common.
Frequency Of Stroke Acquired Pneumonia in Patients Admitted in Intensive Care Unit with Stroke
Authors: Aziz Ahmad Kashif , Anwar Sidra , Nazir Tayyaba
Published: April 2022

Stroke is a highly morbid entity, and it can be fatal directly due to neurological damage and affecting the respiratory system or can add to overall morbidity and mortality due to its associated complications like stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP). Objective: To investigate the prevalence of stroke-associated pneumonia in ICU patients. Methods: A descriptive case series was conducted at Faisalabad Medical University from October 2020 to April 2021.  In this study, the cases of either gender suffering from stroke within 12 hours were included. SAP was labelled on the basis of fever, cough, and non-homogenous opacities on chest X-ray. Results: In the present study, 160 cases of stroke were included, and out of these 82 (51.25%) were males and 78 (48.75%) females. The mean age of the subjects was 54.24±7.15 years and the mean duration of stroke was 7.05±2.54 hours. There were 35 (21.88%) cases that had DM, 28 (17.50%) had HTN and 30 (18.75%) of cases had a history of smoking. In 20 (12.50%) of the patients, SAP was discovered. With a p= 0.34, SAP was found in 12 (15.38%) female patients compared to 8 (9.75%) male cases. With a p= 0.15, SAP was more common in instances with DM, where it was detected in 7 (20%) of the cases compared to 13 (10.4%) in cases without DM. SAP was found in 5 (17.85%) instances of HTN and 4 (13.33%) cases of smoking history, with p values of 0.35 and 1.0, respectively. SAP was found in 15 (14.42%) patients with a stroke length of 6-12 hours, compared to 5 (8.92%) instances with a stroke duration shorter than this, with a p= 0.45. Conclusions: Stroke acquired pneumonia is not uncommon and is seen in more than 1 out of every 10 cases and it is more seen in females and those with a history of DM, HTN, and duration of stroke is 6 to 12 hours, though none of these variables was found statistically significant.
Computed Tomography Scan Images of Sphenoidal Sinus Septa and Their Relations to the Internal Carotid Artery
Authors: Khan Zahid Sarfaraz , Afridi Sonia Umar , Afridi Muhammad Ibrahim , Daud Fatima , Abdul Basit Syed , Ali Fatima , Ateeq Muhammad , Ullah Irfan
Published: April 2022

The trigeminal nerve and optic nerve, cavernous sinus optic chiasm, pituitary gland, and internal carotid artery are all encircled by the sphenoid sinus, which is located in the sphenoid. More than one asymmetrical vertical septa separate the sphenoidal sinus. Because of its position and linkages with important neurovascular and glandular systems, the sphenoid sinus poses a substantial diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Objective: To look at the relationship between sphenoid sinus septation and the number and position of the internal carotid artery in people from Peshawar, Pakistan. Methods: The prospective study was conducted from November 2019 to April 2020 at the Radiology Department of a Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, the CT image was performed on 150 patients (100 males, 50 females) of the paranasal sinuses. From the originating axial slices, secondary coronal scans were obtained. Only individuals with no sphenoid sinus problems were included in the research to examine anatomical changes in the septation of the sphenoid sinus. Results: According to CT scans of the participants, 34% of males and 23% of females had more than one sphenoid septum, with 24 men accounting for 20.8 % and 16 female cases (16.8%) having the septum attached to the posterolateral wall of the sinus of the carotid canal. Conclusions: Prior to surgery, a CT scan of the paranasal sinuses is essential to rule out any potential complications caused by anatomical differences.
The role of digital pathology in enabling remote operations during the CVID-19 pandemic and beyond a pathologist's perspective for the future opportunity
Authors: Bashir Saima , Arif Sarah , Zia Rabeea , Mustafa Ghulam , Raziq Khadija , Bangash Sudhair Abbas , Farid Anila , Aslam Azhar
Published: April 2022

Significant progress has been made in the area of digital pathology during the past 20 years. With rapid scanners, whole slide imaging (WSI) can now create high-resolution digital duplicates of glass slides. Objective: To assess fundamental understanding of digital pathology among Pakistani pathologists practicing in labs throughout the country. Methods: The current study was cross sectional study carried out at the Department of Pathology, Gomal Medical College, Medical Teaching Institute, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan for a period of six months. This study was proforma based and pathologists across the country were included in the study. All the data from the questionnaire was entered and analyzed by employing IBM SPSS version 24. Results: A total of 210 pathologists were enrolled, amongst which 84 (40%) were males and 126 (60%) were females. Pathologist familiar with the Digital Pathology idea were 147 (70%) while 63 (30%) pathologists were not familiar with the digital pathology. Amongst 210 pathologists, 157 (74.77%) pathologists have idea about digital microscope. Pathologist having knowledge of pathology slide scanner idea were 147 (70%) while 63 (30%) pathologists were observed as having no knowledge of pathology slide scanner. Pathologist familiar with the idea of artificial intelligence were 96 (45.71%) while 114 (54.29%) participants were not familiar with the artificial intelligence. Conclusion: In spite of the fact that digital pathology is very promising and has resulted in a shift in the thought pattern of pathologists practicing in underdeveloped countries such as Pakistan, there are still challenges to overcome such as expense, technical assistance, regulation and validation needs.
Correlation Between Forward Head Posture and neck pain in IT Professionals by using Postural Screen Mobile App
Authors: Tariq Iqra , Riaz Hira , Anwar Maryam , Ahmed Ashfaq
Published: April 2022

Neck pain is a type of pain that starts inside the neck and can radiate down to one or both arms. Neck discomfort can be caused by a variety of disorders or illnesses affecting any of the neck structures, nerve fibers, bones, joints, connective or contractile tissue. Forward head position is described as the skull being bent forward over the atlas by more than one inch. Objective: To assess the correlation of neck pain with forward head posture in IT Professionals by using the postural screen mobile app (sit screen). Methods: It was a cross-sectional survey. The sample size was 150.  The study was conducted at TkXel Software Company and UMT IT department and UOL IT department in Lahore. Males of age 20-60 were included in the study. The tool used was the Posture Screen Mobile app iPhone 7plus and neck disability pain index questionnaire. Results: The cross-tabulation of NPAD SCORE and CV angle resulted in negative co-relation with r=-0.680 p<0.05 i.e., the smaller CV angle showed the worst FHP along with greater NPAD SCRORE showed the worst becomes neck pain. Cross-tabulation of working hours and CV angle result in negative co-relation with r= -0.450, p<0.05 i.e., worst FHP with working hours greater than 6 hours. Cross-tabulation of working hours and NPAD SCORE result in positive co-relation with r= 0.477, p<0.05 i.e., the greater the NPAD SCRORE the worst becomes neck pain with working hours greater than 6 hours. All calculations showed that FHP and neck pain are positively correlated with each other as working hours increased, with the result being statistically significant. Conclusions: Our findings have revealed that IT employees had a defective posture and improper posture was more severe while working more than 6 hours per/day. The ratio of moderate pain with FHP was found in the majority of IT professionals
Effects Of Aerobic Exercises on Antenatal Depression in Pregnant Women
Authors: Riaz Amina , Ghafoor Iqra Abdul , Fazal Nimra , Shahid Amna , Anwar Amara , Sukhera Sadia , Faizan Hamid Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Pregnancy is a distinctive period in the life of all women. The routine of a pregnant woman has a substantial impact on her and her fetus. Consistent physical activity is one of the best factors that help maintain normal mental and physical well-being. Antenatal depression is not uncommon and is associated with a greater risk of negative pregnancy outcomes. Objective: To determine the effects of aerobic exercises on antenatal depression in pregnant women. Methods: Total 30 participants are included in this study. Exercise group regularly attended supervised sessions for 8 weeks. The activities in each session included walking, aerobic exercise, stretching, and relaxation. Aerobic activities were prescribed at moderate-to-vigorous intensity. However, the benefits of supervised exercise and its effects on health status were discussed. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale was used to assess depression symptoms at the first interview and immediately after the 8th week of treatment protocol. Shapiro-wilk test was used to check the normality of data. Results: Exercise group showed significantly improved depressive symptoms as measured with the CES-D after the 8th week of intervention on the CES-D. The participants demonstrated a significant improvement of depressive symptoms from standard to intervention completion. Paired sample T test used to check pre and post treatment effectiveness and less than 0.05 p-value of paired sample T test tells us that there is a significant change in pre and post treatment. Conclusion: Aerobic exercises during pregnancy were led to significant reduction of depressive symptoms.
Comparative Effects of Pre-Operative Versus Post Operative Shoulder Rehabilitation Program Mastectomy Patients; A Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Ilyas Tamknat , Iqbal Affan , Niaz Mehwish , Majeed Rabia , Jawa Rabia , Anwar Mamoona
Published: April 2022

Breast cancer is ranked the top in types of cancer that affects internationally. It affects up to 1 in 13 women during their lifetime. Physiotherapy is one of the major sources of recovery in patients of Mastectomy in terms of pain, ranges, and function. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of pre-operative shoulder rehabilitation program versus post-operative mastectomy patients. METHODS: This was a randomized clinical trial. The study setting was Oncology Department, Mayo Hospital Lahore, Shokat Khanum and Gulab Devi Hospital Lahore. The study was completed in 6 months. Total 50 subjects were allocated in two groups using lottery method of randomization. Patient with age less than 40 years, diagnosed with breast cancer were included, while those with associated signs of musculoskeletal problems, autoimmune systemic disease and advanced medical problem was excluded. Group A received set of exercises comprised of range of motion exercises and lymph edema education pre and post operatively. Group B received post rehabilitation exercises only. Data was analyzed by SPSS 16.0. Independent t test was applied to analyze between group differences and paired sample t test to see within group improvement. Descriptive statistics was in form of mean, variance and appropriate graphs. RESULTS: Independent sample test results regarding post interventional disability of arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score showed significant p value 0.000 with a mean difference of 23.28000 while assuming equal variances. The mean and standard deviation of pain score was 3.76 (SD+0.778) pre/post combination group and post-operative rehabilitation program alone 4.1200 (SD+0.78102) with a statistically equal improvement in both groups (0.109). CONCLUSION: The study concluded that there was significant difference with better outcomes in terms of improvement in function, pain and range in patients having combination protocol i.e. pre-operative and post-operative rehab protocol in patient of mastectomy as compared to post-operative rehabilitation protocol alone.
Habilidades sociales y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de Educación Básica Regular
Authors: Gerson Cleofe Gerson Cleofe , Bobadilla Quispe María
Published: April 2022

En la investigación se describe las habilidades sociales y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Secundaria Siervos de Dios del distrito de Crucero - Carabaya. La metodología aplicada es descriptiva – cuantitativa, la muestra tomada para la investigación consta de 64 estudiantes de secundaria. El instrumento aplicado para la respectiva indagación es el cuestionario contextualizado a las características de la lista de chequeo evaluación de habilidades sociales. Los resultados de la indagación demuestran que existe una similitud moderada en la capacidad de planificación entre las habilidades sociales y el rendimiento académico y una relación baja en la capacidad de relacionarse socialmente con las demás personas además los estudiantes desarrollan sus habilidades sociales avanzadas con mayor primacía, muy a pesar de quedarse casi solos en casa y tener situaciones adversas del clima, la ubicación geográfica, padres dedicados a la actividad minera, comercial y agrícola como oportunidad de trabajo; ante este hecho los estudiantes se auto educan y con la ayuda de estudiantes líderes logran promedios entre 11 a 15 como nota aprobatoria. Los estudiantes que tienen mayor control sobre las habilidades sociales avanzadas son personas tolerantes, amables, respetuosas, transparentes, buscan el bienestar, desarrollo personal y académico de sí mismo y sus pares; sin embargo cuando las habilidades sociales son pésimas se generan conflictos entre compañeros de aula y esto repercute en el rendimiento académico.
De sujetos históricos, memoria y elites indígenas andinas
Authors: Ccahuanihancco Arque Cliver
Published: April 2022

Es sin duda la existencia de vencedores quienes crean la historia, y la presencia eterna de los perdedores quienes recrean su etno historia, en ese vaivén de narraciones hechas memoria, se azoran embustes de historia al igual que mestizos urden nuevas identidades que eliminan su memoria. Así la problemática del mundo andino surge en la creación de elites bajo criterios de dominación hegemónica utilizando la memoria indígena andina. El presente trabajo tiene el objetivo de reflexionar a partir de la autocrítica indígena, la re-invención de las memorias, que crean nuevas elites indígenas y su injerencia en las luchas anti coloniales; los resultados nos permitirán conocer los discursos demagogos contrarios a la esencia, pero oportunistas para su inserción en el sistema hegemónico de estos grupos indígenas como elite. La metodología a utilizar será la revisión bibliográfica bajo una óptica hermenéutica e interdisciplinar para su interpretación y teorización.
EBEVEYNİN BOŞANMASI ÇOCUĞUN KİMLİK GELİŞİMİNİ ETKİLER Mİ?
Authors: ŞIKEL Çiğdem , HARMANCI Hatice
Published: April 2022

Sağlıklı aile yapısı, sağlıklı bireyler ve toplum için önemlidir. Yeni kurulan ailenin yapısı, evliliğin sağlıklı bir yapıda sürmesi ya da dağılmasında etken sayılmaktadır. Geçmişe göre çok daha hızlı değişmekte olan dünyada evliliği ve boşanmayı etkileyen sebepler de bu değişimden muhakkak ki etkilenmektedirler. Yapılmış çalışmalarda ebeveynleri boşanmış olan çocukların, aile yapısını sağlıkla koruyanlara göre psikolojik olarak zorlandıkları görüşü hakimdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; boşanmış ailenin çocuğu olmanın çocuğun kimlik gelişimini ne şekilde etkileyebileceğini literatürde yer alan çalışmalardan elde edilen bulgularla ortaya koymaktır. Boşanmış ailenin çocuğu olarak travmaya maruz kalmanın olası etkilerine dikkat çekmektir. Gelecekte yapılabilecek çalışmalara yönelik alanları işaret etmektir. Sonuç olarak bulgular şunu gösteriyor ki boşanma aile çocuk ilişkilerinde dengenin bozulması ile kimlik duygusunun gelişimini etkilemektedir. Çocukluk çağı travmaları çocuğun kimlik gelişimini korumak için hassasiyetle çalışılması gereken bir alandır. Çalışmalar, sadece kimlik statüsü üzerine yoğunlaşmak gibi sınırlı bir alanda kalmamalı ve genişletilmelidir. Aile merkezli yapılacak gelişimsel ve eğitici çalışmalarla toplum bilinci uyandırılmalıdır. Güncel sosyal problemlerle ilgili çalışmaların sunduğu bulguları ortaya koyarak bilime katkı sağlamak önemli olduğundan bu çalışma da önemlidir.
Face recognition based attendance management system by using machine learning
Authors: Baig Salman , Geetadhari Kasuni , Noor Mohd Atif , Sonkar Amarkant
Published: April 2022

Attendance is an important need of every organization. Maintaining daily attendance register is a tough and time consuming task. There are many alternative methods for marking the attendence like Biometric, RFID, eye detection, voice recognition, and many more. But Facial Recognition is an efficient and smart method for marking attendance. As it is known that primary identification for any human is its face, face recognition provides an accurate system which deals with the ambiguities like proxy in attendance, high cost, and time consumption. This system uses face recognizer library for facial recognition and storing attendance. It has a camera that takes an input image, an algorithm to detect a face from the input image, encode it and recognize the face and mark the attendance in a spreadsheet. The system camera of an android phone/laptop clicks the image and sends it to the server where faces are recognized from the database and attendance is calculated on basis of it. The aim of reducing the errors that occur in the older attendance marking system has been achieved by implementing the automated attendance system using deep learning. Face recognition system has been presented using deep learning which shows robustness towards recognition of the users with accuracy of 98.3% and result is converted into a PDF File. Index Terms- Android application, Biometric, Recognition system, Face Recognition, Deep Learning, PDF.
COVID-19 IN LEBANON: DEMOGRAPHICS AND DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Fadlallah Mahdi , Hobeiche Fadi , Therese Jamal Marie , Salem-Sokhn Elie
Published: April 2022

COVID-19 pandemic has emerged over more than 200 countries leading to more than 117 million infection cases and more than 2.6 million deaths. Lebanon is one of the countries affected by this disease especially in the second half of 2020 reaching its peak early this year. In this study, we studied the impact of multiple factors on this surge and analyzed the positive tests among different age groups over a period of one year (from March 2020 to February 2021). Data was collected from one medical center in Beirut where more than 20,000 PCR tests were done using RT-PCR method between March 2020 and February 2021 and analyzed the pattern of increase of the rate of positivity over this period. The SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate was 13% over a period of one year. The highest number of positive PCR tests was in patients aged between 20 and 39 years. Furthermore, the number of positive tests was low in the first 4 months, which was followed by a dramatic increase in July 2020 reaching a peak in January 2021. Lebanon is among the countries affected lately by the COVID-19 pandemic with most cases arising after August 2020 affected by the blast of Beirut and emergence of new variants resulting in higher positivity rate. Moreover, our data shows a distribution of age similar to other countries and suggest its role in the rapid increase of positivity rate.
HEALTHCARE WORKERS PERCEPTIONS REGARDING ANTIBIOTIC USE DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN LEBANON: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Mina Sara , Azakir Bilal
Published: April 2022

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, empirical antibiotics prescription has increased globally in patients with COVID-19 for suspected or confirmed bacterial infection. Hence, concerns have been raised about potential rise in antibiotic resistance that will create further challenges for antimicrobial stewardship. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess healthcare workers attitudes and practices regarding antibiotics prescription during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon. The survey was distributed online using GOOGLE forms and included questions addressing socio-demographic characteristics, trainings in antibiotics use and healthcare workers attitudes and practices regarding antibiotics prescription during the pandemic. In total, 399 healthcare workers responded to the survey. Less than half of them had already participated in antibiotic prescription trainings before or during the pandemic. However, only 11% participated, mostly nurses, in antibiotic stewardship program. Azithromycin was the most prescribed antibiotic with Vitamin C and Zinc used as second line treatments in COVID-19 patients. In addition, nearly two-third of the participants reported an increase in antibiotic use during the early phase of the pandemic and considered that COVID-19 patients are receiving unnecessary antibiotics. This study showed excessive antibiotics prescription during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon that needs to be tackled by raising awareness of antimicrobial stewardship and control measures.