bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reciprocal associations between parental depression and child cognition: Pathways to children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms
Authors: Chad-Friedman Simone , Zhang Irene , Donohue Kristyn , Chad-Friedman Emma , Rich Brendan A.
Published: November 2023

Parental depression is a risk factor for children’s cognitive and psychological development. Literature has found reciprocal relations between parental depression and child psychopathology and effects of parental depression on children’s cognition. The present study is the first to examine reciprocity among parental depression and child cognition, and pathways to child psychopathology. Structural equation models were conducted using data from the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project, a nationally representative sample of 3,001 economically marginalized families. Measures were collected in four waves from 14 months to 10–11 years. Reciprocal associations emerged between maternal and paternal depression at from 14 months to 5 years. Reciprocal parental depression was associated with greater psychopathology at age 10–11. Maternal depression predicted poorer child cognition, which indirectly predicted increased depression in mothers of children aged 3–5 through paternal depression, and in fathers at age 3, through earlier paternal depression. This study was unable to parse within- and between-person effects. Additionally, data for paternal depression was limited to ages 2 and 3. Findings emphasize the transactional nature of child cognition and child and parent psychopathology, supporting family focused intervention and prevention efforts that target parent psychopathology and child cognition.
SOME GLOBAL EXISTENCE RESULTS ON LOCALLY FINITE GRAPHS
Authors: MAN SHOUDONG , ZHANG GUOQING
Published: November 2023

Let
$G=(V, E)$
be a locally finite graph with the vertex set V and the edge set E, where both V and E are infinite sets. By dividing the graph G into a sequence of finite subgraphs, the existence of a sequence of local solutions to several equations involving the p-Laplacian and the poly-Laplacian systems is confirmed on each subgraph, and the global existence for each equation on graph G is derived by the convergence of these local solutions. Such results extend the recent work of Grigor’yan, Lin and Yang [J. Differential Equations, 261 (2016), 4924–4943; Rev. Mat. Complut., 35 (2022), 791–813]. The method in this paper also provides an idea for investigating similar problems on infinite graphs.
Re-evaluating international humanitarian law in a triple planetary crisis: New challenges, new tools
Authors: Sjöstedt Britta , Hulme Karen
Published: November 2023

In the face of the triple planetary crisis, which includes climate change, biodiversity loss and environmental degradation, there is growing recognition that the environment needs to be re-evaluated and better protected. Recent developments, such as a values assessment by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES),1the concept of biocultural rights and the acknowledgment of granting rights to nature, emphasize the intrinsic value of the environment and endorse the understanding of the interconnectedness between humans and non-human entities. These developments are also increasingly evident in legal frameworks; for instance, several domestic legal systems now accept the rights of nature and grant legal standing to natural entities. This expansion in our understanding of the environment challenges the traditional anthropocentric focus of international law, which has primarily prioritized human rights and interests, perceiving humans as having dominance over nature and the liberty to harness its resources. Simultaneously, international environmental law is increasingly recognizing the interdependence of ecosystems and species. This acknowledgment drives the promotion of approaches to environmental management and conservation that centre around ecosystems and local communities. The present article looks at how to reconcile these heightened environmental values and the legal norms in armed conflict by examining two examples: the safeguarding of protected areas and the restoration of the environment post-conflict. By analyzing the changing values and legal developments in this area, the article offers legal and practical tools to support the protection of nature's intrinsic value in future warfare.
PAAQ: Paired Alternating AcQuisitions for virtual high frame rate multichannel cardiac fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Marelli François , Ernst Alexander , Mercader Nadia , Liebling Michael
Published: November 2023

In vivo fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool to image the beating heart in its early development stages. A high acquisition frame rate is necessary to study its fast contractions, but the limited fluorescence intensity requires sensitive cameras that are often too slow. Moreover, the problem is even more complex when imaging distinct tissues in the same sample using different fluorophores. We present Paired Alternating AcQuisitions, a method to image cyclic processes in multiple channels, which requires only a single (possibly slow) camera. We generate variable temporal illumination patterns in each frame, alternating between channel-specific illuminations (fluorescence) in odd frames and a motion-encoding brightfield pattern as a common reference in even frames. Starting from the image pairs, we find the position of each reference frame in the cardiac cycle through a combination of image-based sorting and regularized curve fitting. Thanks to these estimated reference positions, we assemble multichannel videos whose frame rate is virtually increased. We characterize our method on synthetic and experimental images collected in zebrafish embryos, showing quantitative and visual improvements in the reconstructed videos over existing nongated sorting-based alternatives. Using a 15 Hz camera, we showcase a reconstructed video containing two fluorescence channels at 100 fps.
Schmerzedukation
Authors: Schüßler Nadine
Published: November 2023

Schmerzexpertise in den Feldern der Gesundheitsversorgung

Schmerz ist ein multidimensionales Phänomen und betrifft Menschen aller Altersstufen und Erkrankungen in jedem Stadium ihres Lebenslaufs. Neben den körperbezogenen Faktoren rücken zunehmend psycho-soziale Faktoren in den Fokus der Schmerzexpert_innen. Sie koordinieren den therapeutischen Prozess, beraten die Patient_innen und ihre Zu- und Angehörigen, fördern ihre Lebensqualität und gestalten maßgeblich ihre gesundheitliche Versorgung. In ihrer spezifischen Nähe zu Menschen mit Schmerz sind sie die professionellen Fachkräfte für Assessment, Diagnostik, Intervention und Evaluation in einem multiprofessionellen Kontext. Die insgesamt vier Bände zum Thema orientieren sich am Curriculum der European Pain Federation (EFIC) und verknüpfen die interdisziplinären Perspektiven mit praxisorientierten Erkenntnissen.

Band 3: Edukative Kompetenzen im Schmerzmanagement

Die Erfahrungen der Schmerzpatient_innen und die individuelle Bewältigung ihrer Situation sind der Anker der Beratung im Schmerzmanagement. Kaum eine Aufgabe erfordert so viel unmittelbar abrufbare Expertise und Kompetenz in der Pflege wie jene „sprechenden“ Tätigkeiten der Edukation. Das Fachbuch zeigt auf, wie die Informationen gezielt und situationsadäquat vermittelt werden können, verweist auf die Besonderheiten bei unterschiedlichen Gruppen und deren beeinflussende Faktoren.
Kompetenztraining für Eltern sozial auffälliger Kinder (KES)
Authors: Lauth Gerhard W. , Heubeck Bernd
Published: November 2023

Das Zusammenleben mit sozial auffälligen Kindern hält viele Belastungen für ihre Eltern bereit: Die Hausaufgaben werden zur Qual, elterliche Anweisungen treffen auf taube Ohren etc. Die Stimmung in den Familien verschlechtert sich, die Belastung nimmt zu und die Beziehung wird angespannt.
Das vorliegende Training beruht auf einem stress- und ressourcentheoretischen Ansatz. Danach entstehen die elterlichen Erziehungsschwierigkeiten nicht aus einer allgemeinen Unfähigkeit, sondern aus Überlastung und ungenutzten Verhaltensmöglichkeiten. Die Eltern werden angeleitet, wie sie ihr „schwieriges Kind“ besser anleiten können. Sie lernen ihre eigenen Stärken zu sehen, genaue Anweisungen zu geben, das Kind durch Lob und Tadel zu lenken und die Hausaufgaben nach einem vorgegebenen Plan machen zu lassen. Schließlich werden sie darin beraten, wie sich die Familie neu und besser zusammenfinden kann.
Das Buch schildert den theoretischen Hintergrund des Konzeptes und gibt eine genaue Anleitung zum Training in Form von Manualen für das Einzel- und Gruppentraining. Die Arbeitsmaterialien können nach erfolgter Registrierung von der Website des Hogrefe Verlags heruntergeladen werden.
Gradual Inlet Expansion and Barrier Drowning Under Most Sea Level Rise Scenarios
Authors: Portos‐Amill Laura , Nienhuis Jaap H. , de Swart Huib E.
Published: November 2023

The expected increase in rates of sea level rise during the 21st century and beyond may cause barrier islands to drown. Barrier drowning occurs due to a sediment imbalance induced by sea level rise, causing inlets to open and expand. It is still unclear how fast barrier islands can drown. To gain insight into the morphodynamics of barrier systems subject to sea level rise, we here present results obtained with a novel barrier island exploratory model, BarrieR Inlet Environment‐Drowning, that considers inlet expansion beyond equilibrium size. We quantify how much of a barrier island chain is drowned by calculating the fraction of its length that is below mean sea level due to sea level rise. Results show that barrier drowning is mostly sensitive to the wave height and the rate of sea level rise. In the model, it takes 100s of years for barrier islands to start drowning in response to high rates of sea level rise (more than 5 mm/yr, for a typical coastal environment). This lag in barrier response is caused by a gradual decrease in the sand volume of the barrier. Higher rates of sea level rise cause earlier and more severe barrier drowning. Modeled barrier systems that face higher waves undergo more frequent inlet closures that lower the rate of drowning, but they also have a deeper shoreface that increases the rate of drowning. In model simulations, the latter process dominates over the former when sea level rise rates exceed 5 mm/yr. Model results fairly agree with available field data.
Surface Air Temperature Trend Over the Tibetan Plateau in CMIP6 and Its Constraint in Future Projection
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wu Tongwen , Xin Xiaoge , Lu Yixiong , Yan Jinghui , Zhang Fang , Liu Lvliu , Zhao He
Published: November 2023

The surface air temperature (SAT) trend on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) was 3.45°C 100 years−1 from 1961 to 2014. The multi‐model ensemble (MME) of 33 coupled models participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase six (CMIP6) was about 1°C 100 years−1 lower than the observation. Although MME generally shows better skill in reproducing the distribution of SAT trend over TP than most of the CMIP6 models, its performance is greatly degraded by a small group of models, about 12% on average, with large biases. In this paper, the constrained multi‐model ensemble (CMME) based on a certain observation‐based threshold is used to constrain future projections of the SAT trend over TP. Compared with the MME results, the improvements in CMME are mainly over the eastern plateau in historical simulation and are relative to the reduction of the model biases to carbon dioxide (CO2) forcing. Under the high‐emission SSP5‐8.5 scenario, SAT increases significantly over the entire TP. The constraint of CMME on the MME is mainly over the eastern plateau with a difference of 0.5°C 100 years−1, about 6% of the MME results. Under the intermediate‐emission scenario SSP2‐4.5, the effect of CMME is relatively smaller, but the corresponding spatial distribution is similar to that under the SSP5‐8.5 scenario. The CMIP6 models tend to underestimate the warming trend projections over the water source regions in the northeastern plateau and should be noticed.
Provenance Analysis of Yellow River Terraces Highlights Causes of Siltation and Natural Hazards in the North China Plain
Authors: Li Menghao , Hu Zhenbo , Wang Ping , Pan Baotian , Mo Qinhong , Dong Zijuan , Li Xiaohua , Zhong Meiling , Pan Renzhe , Garzanti Eduardo
Published: November 2023

The avulsion and overflow of river courses during floods, a result of channel siltation above the alluvial plain, is a cause of major natural disasters, including huge property damage and destruction of farmlands. The most sensitive to such risks is the very densely populated area of the Yellow River lower reaches, one of China's most important grain‐producing regions. Problems caused by excessive siltation are a critical issue that should be addressed with full knowledge of sediment‐generation processes, and provenance studies are essential to provide fundamental information for effective environmental management. The Sanmen Gorge is the key region where the great sediment mass produced upstream is conveyed from the middle reaches of the Yellow River to its lower reaches. This study of the terrace sequence exposed along the Sanmen Gorge combines geomorphological observations and provenance analysis based on U‐Pb zircon geochronology and heavy minerals to provide a history of sediment transport through time. The combination of previous research and the outcome of the present study demonstrate that before the Yellow River was formed as an integrated sediment‐routing system, sediments fed into the North China Plain were largely derived from local sources. Instead, after the formation of the Sanmen Gorge, huge quantities of sediment, also derived from the Qinling mountains and stored in the Fenwei basin, were flushed into the North China lowlands by the Yellow River. Such an event took place at 1.2 Ma and has since then impacted severely on floodplain landscape and eventually profoundly affected human activities in the region.
ChemR23 activation attenuates cognitive impairment in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-induced neuronal pyroptosis
Authors: Zhang Yaxuan , Zhang Jiawei , Zhao Yao , Zhang Yueqi , Liu Lan , Xu Xiaofeng , Wang Xiuzhe , Fu Jianliang
Published: November 2023

Neuroinflammation plays critical roles in vascular dementia (VaD), the second leading cause of dementia, which can be induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis, the inflammatory programmed cell death, has been reported to contribute to the development of VaD. ChemR23 is a G protein-coupled receptor that has emerging roles in regulating inflammation. However, the role of ChemR23 signalling in NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis in CCH remains elusive. In this study, a CCH rat model was established by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) surgery. Eight weeks after the surgery, the rats were intraperitoneally injected with the ChemR23 agonist Resolvin E1 (RvE1) or chemerin-9 (C-9). Additionally, primary rat hippocampal neurons and SH-SY5Y cells were adopted to mimic CCH injury in vitro. Our results showed that the levels of ChemR23 expression were decreased from the 8th week after BCCAO, accompanied by significant cognitive impairment. Further analysis revealed that CCH induced neuronal damage, synaptic injury and NLRP3-related pyroptosis activation in hippocampal neurons. However, pharmacologic activation of ChemR23 with RvE1 or C-9 counteracted these changes. In vitro experiments also showed that ChemR23 activation prevented primary neuron pyroptosis induced by chronic hypoxia. In addition, manipulating ChemR23 expression markedly regulated NLRP3 inflammasome-induced neuronal pyroptosis through PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signalling in SH-SY5Y cells under hypoglycaemic and hypoxic conditions. Collectively, our data demonstrated that ChemR23 activation inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome-induced neuronal pyroptosis and improves cognitive function via the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signalling pathway in CCH models. ChemR23 may serve as a potential novel therapeutic target to treat CCH-induced cognitive impairment.
Disrupting cellular memory to overcome drug resistance
Authors: Harmange Guillaume , Hueros Raúl A. Reyes , Schaff Dylan L. , Emert Benjamin , Saint-Antoine Michael , Kim Laura C. , Niu Zijian , Nellore Shivani , Fane Mitchell E. , Alicea Gretchen M. , Weeraratna Ashani T. , Simon M. Celeste , Singh Abhyudai , Shaffer Sydney M.
Published: November 2023

Gene expression states persist for varying lengths of time at the single-cell level, a phenomenon known as gene expression memory. When cells switch states, losing memory of their prior state, this transition can occur in the absence of genetic changes. However, we lack robust methods to find regulators of memory or track state switching. Here, we develop a lineage tracing-based technique to quantify memory and identify cells that switch states. Applied to melanoma cells without therapy, we quantify long-lived fluctuations in gene expression that are predictive of later resistance to targeted therapy. We also identify the PI3K and TGF-β pathways as state switching modulators. We propose a pretreatment model, first applying a PI3K inhibitor to modulate gene expression states, then applying targeted therapy, which leads to less resistance than targeted therapy alone. Together, we present a method for finding modulators of gene expression memory and their associated cell fates.
FNIP1 abrogation promotes functional revascularization of ischemic skeletal muscle by driving macrophage recruitment
Authors: Sun Zongchao , Yang Likun , Kiram Abdukahar , Yang Jing , Yang Zhuangzhuang , Xiao Liwei , Yin Yujing , Liu Jing , Mao Yan , Zhou Danxia , Yu Hao , Zhou Zheng , Xu Dengqiu , Jia Yuhuan , Ding Chenyun , Guo Qiqi , Wang Hongwei , Li Yan , Wang Li , Fu Tingting , Hu Shijun , Gan Zhenji
Published: November 2023

Ischaemia of the heart and limbs attributable to compromised blood supply is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. The mechanisms of functional angiogenesis remain poorly understood, however. Here we show that FNIP1 plays a critical role in controlling skeletal muscle functional angiogenesis, a process pivotal for muscle revascularization during ischemia. Muscle FNIP1 expression is down-regulated by exercise. Genetic overexpression of FNIP1 in myofiber causes limited angiogenesis in mice, whereas its myofiber-specific ablation markedly promotes the formation of functional blood vessels. Interestingly, the increased muscle angiogenesis is independent of AMPK but due to enhanced macrophage recruitment in FNIP1-depleted muscles. Mechanistically, myofiber FNIP1 deficiency induces PGC-1α to activate chemokine gene transcription, thereby driving macrophage recruitment and muscle angiogenesis program. Furthermore, in a mouse hindlimb ischemia model of peripheral artery disease, the loss of myofiber FNIP1 significantly improved the recovery of blood flow. Thus, these results reveal a pivotal role of FNIP1 as a negative regulator of functional angiogenesis in muscle, offering insight into potential therapeutic strategies for ischemic diseases.
Structural basis for ligand recognition and signaling of hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptor 2
Authors: Park Jae-Hyun , Kawakami Kouki , Ishimoto Naito , Ikuta Tatsuya , Ohki Mio , Ekimoto Toru , Ikeguchi Mitsunori , Lee Dong-Sun , Lee Young-Ho , Tame Jeremy R. H. , Inoue Asuka , Park Sam-Yong
Published: November 2023

Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors (HCAR1, HCAR2, and HCAR3) transduce Gi/o signaling upon biding to molecules such as lactic acid, butyric acid and 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid, which are associated with lipolytic and atherogenic activity, and neuroinflammation. Although many reports have elucidated the function of HCAR2 and its potential as a therapeutic target for treating not only dyslipidemia but also neuroimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease, the structural basis of ligand recognition and ligand-induced Gi-coupling remains unclear. Here we report three cryo-EM structures of the human HCAR2–Gi signaling complex, each bound with different ligands: niacin, acipimox or GSK256073. All three agonists are held in a deep pocket lined by residues that are not conserved in HCAR1 and HCAR3. A distinct hairpin loop at the HCAR2 N-terminus and extra-cellular loop 2 (ECL2) completely enclose the ligand. These structures also reveal the agonist-induced conformational changes propagated to the G-protein-coupling interface during activation. Collectively, the structures presented here are expected to help in the design of ligands specific for HCAR2, leading to new drugs for the treatment of various diseases such as dyslipidemia and inflammation.
Developing Ni single-atom sites in carbon nitride for efficient photocatalytic H2O2 production
Authors: Zhang Xu , Su Hui , Cui Peixin , Cao Yongyong , Teng Zhenyuan , Zhang Qitao , Wang Yang , Feng Yibo , Feng Ran , Hou Jixiang , Zhou Xiyuan , Ma Peijie , Hu Hanwen , Wang Kaiwen , Wang Cong , Gan Liyong , Zhao Yunxuan , Liu Qinghua , Zhang Tierui , Zheng Kun
Published: November 2023

Photocatalytic two-electron oxygen reduction to produce high-value hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is gaining popularity as a promising avenue of research. However, structural evolution mechanisms of catalytically active sites in the entire photosynthetic H2O2 system remains unclear and seriously hinders the development of highly-active and stable H2O2 photocatalysts. Herein, we report a high-loading Ni single-atom photocatalyst for efficient H2O2 synthesis in pure water, achieving an apparent quantum yield of 10.9% at 420 nm and a solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency of 0.82%. Importantly, using in situ synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy we directly observe that initial Ni-N3 sites dynamically transform into high-valent O1-Ni-N2 sites after O2 adsorption and further evolve to form a key *OOH intermediate before finally forming HOO-Ni-N2. Theoretical calculations and experiments further reveal that the evolution of the active sites structure reduces the formation energy barrier of *OOH and suppresses the O=O bond dissociation, leading to improved H2O2 production activity and selectivity.
Floquet-tailored Rydberg interactions
Authors: Zhao Luheng , Lee Michael Dao Kang , Aliyu Mohammad Mujahid , Loh Huanqian
Published: November 2023

The Rydberg blockade is a key ingredient for entangling atoms in arrays. However, it requires atoms to be spaced well within the blockade radius, which limits the range of local quantum gates. Here we break this constraint using Floquet frequency modulation, with which we demonstrate Rydberg-blockade entanglement beyond the traditional blockade radius and show how the enlarged entanglement range improves qubit connectivity in a neutral atom array. Further, we find that the coherence of entangled states can be extended under Floquet frequency modulation. Finally, we realize Rydberg anti-blockade states for two sodium Rydberg atoms within the blockade radius. Such Rydberg anti-blockade states for atoms at close range enables the robust preparation of strongly-interacting, long-lived Rydberg states, yet their steady-state population cannot be achieved with only the conventional static drive. Our work transforms between the paradigmatic regimes of Rydberg blockade versus anti-blockade and paves the way for realizing more connected, coherent, and tunable neutral atom quantum processors with a single approach.
Avoiding inferior clusterings with misspecified Gaussian mixture models
Authors: Kasa Siva Rajesh , Rajan Vaibhav
Published: November 2023

Clustering is a fundamental tool for exploratory data analysis, and is ubiquitous across scientific disciplines. Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is a popular probabilistic and interpretable model for clustering. In many practical settings, the true data distribution, which is unknown, may be non-Gaussian and may be contaminated by noise or outliers. In such cases, clustering may still be done with a misspecified GMM. However, this may lead to incorrect classification of the underlying subpopulations. In this paper, we identify and characterize the problem of inferior clustering solutions. Similar to well-known spurious solutions, these inferior solutions have high likelihood and poor cluster interpretation; however, they differ from spurious solutions in other characteristics, such as asymmetry in the fitted components. We theoretically analyze this asymmetry and its relation to misspecification. We propose a new penalty term that is designed to avoid both inferior and spurious solutions. Using this penalty term, we develop a new model selection criterion and a new GMM-based clustering algorithm, SIA. We empirically demonstrate that, in cases of misspecification, SIA avoids inferior solutions and outperforms previous GMM-based clustering methods.
Entropy analysis on EMHD 3D micropolar tri-hybrid nanofluid flow of solar radiative slendering sheet by a machine learning algorithm
Authors: Jakeer Shaik , Basha H. Thameem , Reddy Seethi Reddy Reddisekhar , Abbas Mohamed , Alqahtani Mohammed S. , Loganathan K. , Anand A. Vivek
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the heat transfer behavior of the electromagnetic 3D micropolar tri-hybrid nanofluid flow of a solar radiative slendering sheet with non-Fourier heat flux model. The conversion of solar radiation into thermal energy is an area of significant interest as the demand for renewable heat and power continues to grow. Due to their enhanced ability to promote heat transmission, nanofluids can significantly contribute to enhancing the efficiency of solar-thermal systems. The combination of silicon oil-based silicon (Si), magnesium oxide (MgO), and titanium (Ti) nanofluids has attracted attention for their ability to improve the performance of solar-thermal systems. The present study discloses a new approach for intelligent numerical computing solving, which utilizes an MLP feed-forward back-propagation ANN and the Levenberg-Marquard algorithm. The collection of data was conducted for the purpose of testing, certifying, and training the ANN model. The Bvp4c solver in MATLAB is utilized to solve the nonlinear equations governing the momentum, temperature, skin-friction coefficient, and Nusselt number. The characteristics of numerous dimensionless parameters such as porosity parameter $$\left(K={0.0,2.0,4.0}\right)$$

K
=

0.0
,
2.0
,
4.0

, vortex viscosity parameter $$\left({R}_{1}={0.5,1.0,1.5}\right)$$

R
1

=

0.5
,
1.0
,
1.5

, electric field parameter $$\left(E={0.0,0.1,0.2}\right)$$

E
=

0.0
,
0.1
,
0.2

, thermal relaxation time $$\left(\Lambda ={0.01,0.10,0.20}\right)$$

Λ
=

0.01
,
0.10
,
0.20

, heat source/sink parameter, $$\left(Q=-{0.3,0.0,0.3}\right)$$

Q
=
-

0.3
,
0.0
,
0.3

thermal radiation parameter $$\left(R={0.5,1}.{0,1.5}\right)$$

R
=

0.5
,
1

.

0
,
1.5

, temperature ratio parameter $$\left({\theta }_{w}={0.5,1.0,1.5}\right)$$

θ
w

=

0.5
,
1.0
,
1.5

,nanoparticle volume fraction $$\left(\phi ={0.00,0.02,0.04}\right)$$

ϕ
=

0.00
,
0.02
,
0.04

on Si + MgO + Ti/silicon oil micropolar tri-hybrid nanofluida are analyzed. The ANN model engages in a process of data selection, network construction, training, and evaluation of its effectiveness through the utilization of mean square error. Tables and graphs are used to show how essential parameters affect fluid transport properties. The velocity profile is decreased by higher values of the porosity parameter, whereas the temperature profile is increased. The temperature profile is inversely proportional to higher values of the electric field parameter. The micro-rotation profiles reduced by expanding values vortex viscosity parameter. It has been determined that entropy generation and Bejan number intensifications for enlarged nanoparticle volume fraction.
Neuroanatomy of the late Cretaceous Thescelosaurus neglectus (Neornithischia: Thescelosauridae) reveals novel ecological specialisations within Dinosauria
Authors: Button David J. , Zanno Lindsay E.
Published: November 2023

Ornithischian dinosaurs exhibited a diversity of ecologies, locomotory modes, and social structures, making them an ideal clade in which to study the evolution of neuroanatomy and behaviour. Here, we present a 3D digital reconstruction of the endocranial spaces of the latest Cretaceous neornithischian Thescelosaurus neglectus, in order to interpret the neuroanatomy and paleobiology of one of the last surviving non-avian dinosaurs. Results demonstrate that the brain of Thescelosaurus was relatively small compared to most other neornithischians, instead suggesting cognitive capabilities within the range of extant reptiles. Other traits include a narrow hearing range, with limited ability to distinguish high frequencies, paired with unusually well-developed olfactory lobes and anterior semicircular canals, indicating acute olfaction and vestibular sensitivity. This character combination, in conjunction with features of the postcranial anatomy, is consistent with specializations for burrowing behaviours in the clade, as evidenced by trace and skeletal fossil evidence in earlier-diverging thescelosaurids, although whether they reflect ecological adaptations or phylogenetic inheritance in T. neglectus itself is unclear. Nonetheless, our results provide the first evidence of neurological specializations to burrowing identified within Ornithischia, and non-avian dinosaurs more generally, expanding the range of ecological adaptations recognized within this major clade.
High-resolution surface electromyographic activities of facial muscles during the six basic emotional expressions in healthy adults: a prospective observational study
Authors: Guntinas-Lichius Orlando , Trentzsch Vanessa , Mueller Nadiya , Heinrich Martin , Kuttenreich Anna-Maria , Dobel Christian , Volk Gerd Fabian , Graßme Roland , Anders Christoph
Published: November 2023

High-resolution facial surface electromyography (HR-sEMG) is suited to discriminate between different facial movements. Whether HR-sEMG also allows a discrimination among the six basic emotions of facial expression is unclear. 36 healthy participants (53% female, 18–67 years) were included for four sessions. Electromyograms were recorded from both sides of the face using a muscle-position oriented electrode application (Fridlund scheme) and by a landmark-oriented, muscle unrelated symmetrical electrode arrangement (Kuramoto scheme) simultaneously on the face. In each session, participants expressed the six basic emotions in response to standardized facial images expressing the corresponding emotions. This was repeated once on the same day. Both sessions were repeated two weeks later to assess repetition effects. HR-sEMG characteristics showed systematic regional distribution patterns of emotional muscle activation for both schemes with very low interindividual variability. Statistical discrimination between the different HR-sEMG patterns was good for both schemes for most but not all basic emotions (ranging from p > 0.05 to mostly p < 0.001) when using HR-sEMG of the entire face. When using information only from the lower face, the Kuramoto scheme allowed a more reliable discrimination of all six emotions (all p < 0.001). A landmark-oriented HR-sEMG recording allows specific discrimination of facial muscle activity patterns during basic emotional expressions.
Immune inhibitory receptor-mediated immune response, metabolic adaptation, and clinical characterization in patients with COVID-19
Authors: An Huaying , Yan Congrui , Ma Jun , Gong Jiayuan , Gao Fenghua , Ning Changwen , Wang Fei , Zhang Meng , Li Baoyi , Su Yunqi , Liu Pengyu , Wei Hanqi , Jiang Xingwei , Yu Qun
Published: November 2023

Immune inhibitory receptors (IRs) play a critical role in the regulation of immune responses to various respiratory viral infections. However, in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the roles of these IRs in immune modulation, metabolic reprogramming, and clinical characterization remain to be determined. Through consensus clustering analysis of IR transcription in the peripheral blood of patients with COVID-19, we identified two distinct IR patterns in patients with COVID-19, which were named IR_cluster1 and IR_cluster2. Compared to IR_cluster1 patients, IR_cluster2 patients with lower expressions of immune inhibitory receptors presented with a suppressed immune response, lower nutrient metabolism, and worse clinical manifestations or prognosis. Considering the critical influence of the integrated regulation of multiple IRs on disease severity, we established a scoring system named IRscore, which was based on principal component analysis, to evaluate the combined effect of multiple IRs on the disease status of individual patients with COVID-19. Similar to IR_cluster2 patients, patients with high IRscores had longer hospital-free days at day 45, required ICU admission and mechanical ventilatory support, and presented higher Charlson comorbidity index and SOFA scores. A high IRscore was also linked to acute infection phase and absence of drug intervention. Our investigation comprehensively elucidates the potential role of IR patterns in regulating the immune response, modulating metabolic processes, and shaping clinical manifestations of COVID-19. All of this evidence suggests the essential role of prognostic stratification and biomarker screening based on IR patterns in the clinical management and drug development of future emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19.
Rapid evolution of phenotypic plasticity in patchy habitats
Authors: Promy Nawsheen T. , Newberry Mitchell , Gulisija Davorka
Published: November 2023

Phenotypic plasticity may evolve rapidly, enabling a population’s persistence in the face of sudden environmental change. Rapid evolution can occur when there is considerable genetic polymorphism at selected loci. We propose that balancing selection could be one of the mechanisms that sustain such polymorphism for plasticity. We use stochastic Monte Carlo simulations and deterministic analysis to investigate the evolution of a plasticity modifier locus in structured populations inhabiting favorable and adverse environments, i.e. patchy habitats. We survey a wide range of parameters including selective pressures on a target (structural) locus, plasticity effects, population sizes, and migration patterns between demes including periodic or continuous bidirectional and source-sink dynamics. We find that polymorphism in phenotypic plasticity can be maintained under a wide range of environmental scenarios in both favorable and adverse environments due to the balancing effect of population structure in patchy habitats. This effect offers a new plausible explanation for the rapid evolution of plasticity in nature: Phenotypic plasticity may rapidly evolve from genetic variation maintained by balancing selection if the population has experienced immigration from populations under different selection regimes.
X-ray reflectivity study of the heat shock protein Hsp70 interaction with an artificial cell membrane model
Authors: Makky Ali , Czajor Julian , Konovalov Oleg , Zhakhov Alexander , Ischenko Alexander , Behl Ankita , Singh Shailja , Abuillan Wasim , Shevtsov Maxim
Published: November 2023

Membrane-bound heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) apart from its intracellular localization was shown to be specifically expressed on the plasma membrane surface of tumor but not normal cells. Although the association of Hsp70 with lipid membranes is well documented the exact mechanisms for chaperone membrane anchoring have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we addressed the question of how Hsp70 interacts with negatively charged phospholipids in artificial lipid compositions employing the X-ray reflectivity (XRR) studies. In a first step, the interactions between dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) in the presence or absence of dioleoylphosphatidylserine (DOPS) and Hsp70 had been assessed using Quartz crystal microbalance measurements, suggesting that Hsp70 adsorbs to the surface of DOPC/DOPS bilayer. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging demonstrated that the presence of DOPS is required for stabilization of the lipid bilayer. The interaction of Hsp70 with DOPC/DOPS lipid compositions was further quantitatively determined by high energy X-ray reflectivity. A systematic characterization of the chaperone-lipid membrane interactions by various techniques revealed that artificial membranes can be stabilized by the electrostatic interaction of anionic DOPS lipids with Hsp70.
Heart failure patients monitoring using IoT-based remote monitoring system
Authors: Umer Muhammad , Aljrees Turki , Karamti Hanen , Ishaq Abid , Alsubai Shtwai , Omar Marwan , Bashir Ali Kashif , Ashraf Imran
Published: November 2023

Intelligent health monitoring systems are becoming more important and popular as technology advances. Nowadays, online services are replacing physical infrastructure in several domains including medical services as well. The COVID-19 pandemic has also changed the way medical services are delivered. Intelligent appliances, smart homes, and smart medical systems are some of the emerging concepts. The Internet of Things (IoT) has changed the way communication occurs alongside data collection sources aided by smart sensors. It also has deployed artificial intelligence (AI) methods for better decision-making provided by efficient data collection, storage, retrieval, and data management. This research employs health monitoring systems for heart patients using IoT and AI-based solutions. Activities of heart patients are monitored and reported using the IoT system. For heart disease prediction, an ensemble model ET-CNN is presented which provides an accuracy score of 0.9524. The investigative data related to this system is very encouraging in real-time reporting and classifying heart patients with great accuracy.
Comparison of the prognostic impact of IPI and PIT in peripheral T-cell lymphoma in real-world practice with a large elderly population
Authors: Nakamura Nobuhiko , Kanemura Nobuhiro , Matsumoto Takuro , Nakamura Hiroshi , Ikoma Yoshikazu , Shibata Yuhei , Kitagawa Junnichi , Kasahara Senji , Yamada Toshiki , Sawada Michio , Kaneda Yuto , Fukuno Kenji , Takada Eri , Goto Hideko , Lee Shin , Fujita Kei , Morishita Tetsuji , Hara Takeshi , Tsurumi Hisashi , Shimizu Masahito
Published: November 2023

We compared the predictive ability of the International Prognostic Index (IPI), a frequently used prognostic model for peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), with that of a type-specific prognostic model, the Prognostic Index for PTCL-U (PIT). We retrospectively analyzed 113 patients diagnosed with PTCL. The median age was 67 years (range, 16–88 years), 75 patients (66%) were male, and the most common disease type was PTCL, not otherwise specified (69%). With a median follow-up of 6.8 years (interquartile range, 2.7–9.9 years), 5-year survival rates for the four groups in IPI were 85%, 62%, 49%, and 13%, respectively. Similarly, 5-year survival rates for the four groups in PIT were 83%, 64%, 49%, and 19%, respectively. The area under the receiving operating characteristic curve for predicting mortality from PIT (0.725) was not significantly different from that from the IPI (0.685, P = 0.134). Multivariable analysis showed that performance status ≥ 2 (P < 0.0001) and extranodal lesions ≥ 2 (P = 0.029) were significantly associated with lower overall survival. The present study found no significant difference in prognostic ability between the IPI and PIT for PTCL, and both models appear useful as predictive models.
Toxicity effects of zinc supply on growth revealed by physiological and transcriptomic evidences in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam)
Authors: Meng Yusha , Xiang Chao , Huo Jinxi , Shen Shengfa , Tang Yong , Wu Liehong
Published: November 2023

Zinc toxicity affects crop productivity and threatens food security and human health worldwide. Unfortunately, the accumulation patterns of zinc and the harmful effects of excessive zinc on sweet potato have not been well explored. In the present research, two genotypes of sweet potato varieties with different accumulation patterns of zinc were selected to analyze the effects of excessive zinc on sweet potato via hydroponic and field cultivation experiments. The results indicated that the transfer coefficient was closely related to the zinc concentration in the storage roots of sweet potato. Excessive zinc inhibited the growth of sweet potato plants by causing imbalanced mineral concentrations, destroying the cellular structure and reducing photosynthesis. Furthermore, a total of 17,945 differentially expressed genes were identified in the two genotypes under zinc stress by transcriptomic analysis. Differentially expressed genes involved in the absorption and transport of zinc, defense networks and transcription factors played important roles in the response to zinc stress. In conclusion, this study provides a reference for the selection of sweet potato varieties in zinc contaminated soil and lays a foundation for investigating the tolerance of sweet potato to excessive zinc, which is meaningful for environmental safety and human health.
Adjuvant chemotherapy in pathological node-negative non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cheng Ya-Fu , Chen Yi-Ling , Liu Chia-Chi , Lin Ching-Min , Tong Shao-Syuan , Wang Bing-Yen
Published: November 2023

Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with a poor survival rate, even for patients with early-stage cancer. Identifying patients with pathological N0 NSCLC who may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy treatment after surgery is essential. We conducted a retrospective cohort study used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and included 26,380 patients with pathological N0 NSCLC after surgery between January 2018, and December 2019. Among 26,380 patients, 24,273 patients received surgery alone and the other 2107 patients received surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy. After 1:1 propensity score matching, both groups contained 2107 patients. Adjuvant chemotherapy did not show significantly better 24-month survival in T2aN0 NSCLC patients (83.41% vs. 82.91%, p = 0.067), although it did for T2bN0 patients (86.36% vs. 81.70%, p = 0.028). Poorly-differentiated NSCLC remained a high-risk factor for pT2N0, and adjuvant chemotherapy provided better 24-month survival after matching (86.36% vs. 81.70%, p = 0.029). In conclusion, when treating pN0 NSCLC, adjuvant chemotherapy had a beneficial effect when the tumor size was larger than 4 cm. The effect when the tumor size was between 3 and 4 cm was not remarkable. Poorly-differentiated NSCLC was a high-risk factor in the pT2N0 stage.
Comparing corneal biomechanic changes among solo cataract surgery, microhook ab interno trabeculotomy and iStent implantation
Authors: Aoki Shuichiro , Asaoka Ryo , Fujino Yuri , Nakakura Shunsuke , Murata Hiroshi , Kiuchi Yoshiaki
Published: November 2023

Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery has expanded the surgical treatment options in glaucoma, particularly when combined with cataract surgery. It is clinically relevant to understand the associated postoperative changes in biomechanical properties because they are influential on the measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) and play an important role in the pathogenesis of open-angle glaucoma (OAG). This retrospective case–control study included OAG patients who underwent cataract surgery combined with microhook ab interno trabeculotomy (µLOT group: 53 eyes of 36 patients) or iStent implantation (iStent group: 59 eyes of 37 patients) and 62 eyes of 42 solo cataract patients without glaucoma as a control group. Changes in ten biomechanical parameters measured with the Ocular Response Analyzer and Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis ST) at 3 and 6 months postoperatively relative to baseline were compared among the 3 groups. In all the groups, IOP significantly decreased postoperatively. In the µLOT and control groups, significant changes in Corvis ST-related parameters, including stiffness parameter A1 and stress‒strain index, indicated that the cornea became softer postoperatively. In contrast, these parameters were unchanged in the iStent group. Apart from IOP reduction, the results show variations in corneal biomechanical changes from minimally invasive glaucoma surgery combined with cataract surgery.
Support vector data description with kernel density estimation (SVDD-KDE) control chart for network intrusion monitoring
Authors: Ahsan Muhammad , Khusna Hidayatul , Wibawati  , Lee Muhammad Hisyam
Published: November 2023

Multivariate control charts have been applied in many sectors. One of the sectors that employ this method is network intrusion detection. However, the issue arises when the conventional control chart faces difficulty monitoring the network-traffic data that do not follow a normal distribution as required. Consequently, more false alarms will be found when inspecting network traffic data. To settle this problem, support vector data description (SVDD) is suggested. The control chart based on the SVDD distance can be applied for the non-normal distribution, even the unknown distributions. Kernel density estimation (KDE) is the nonparametric approach that can be applied in estimating the control limit of the non-parametric control charts. Based on these facts, a multivariate chart based on the integrated SVDD and KDE (SVDD-KDE) is proposed to monitor the network's anomaly. Simulation using the synthetic dataset is performed to examine the performance of the SVDD-KDE chart in detecting multivariate data shifts and outliers. Based on the simulation results, the proposed method produces better performance in detecting shifts and higher accuracy in detecting outliers. Further, the proposed method is applied in the intrusion detection system (IDS) to monitor network attacks. The NSL-KDD data is analyzed as the benchmark dataset. A comparison between the SVDD-KDE chart with the other IDS-based-control chart and the machine learning algorithms is executed. Although the it has high computational cost, the results show that the IDS based on the SVDD-KDE chart produces a high accuracy at 0.917 and AUC at 0.915 with a low false positive rate compared to several algorithms.
Functional connectivity uniqueness and variability? Linkages with cognitive and psychiatric problems in children
Authors: Fu Zening , Liu Jingyu , Salman Mustafa S. , Sui Jing , Calhoun Vince D.
Published: November 2023

Brain functional connectivity (FC) derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging has been serving as a potential ‘fingerprint’ for adults. However, cross-scan variation of FC can be substantial and carries biological information, especially during childhood. Here we performed a large-scale cross-sectional analysis on cross-scan FC stability and its associations with a diverse range of health measures in children. Functional network connectivity (FNC) was extracted via a hybrid independent component analysis framework on 9,071 participants and compared across four scans. We found that FNC can identify a given child from a large group with high accuracy (maximum >94%) and replicated the results across multiple scans. We then performed a linear mixed-effects model to investigate how cross-scan FNC stability was predictive of children’s behaviour. Although we could not find strong relationships between FNC stability and children’s behaviour, we observed significant but small associations between them (maximumr = 0.1070), with higher stability correlated with better cognitive performance, longer sleep duration and less psychotic expression. Via a multivariate analysis method, we captured larger effects between FNC stability and children’s cognitive performance (maximumr = 0.2932), which further proved the relevance of FNC stability to neurocognitive development. Overall, our findings show that a child’s connectivity profile is not only intrinsic but also exhibits reliable variability across scans, regardless of brain growth and development. Cross-scan connectivity stability may serve as a valuable neuroimaging feature to draw inferences on early cognitive and psychiatric behaviours in children.