bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of 21 polymorphic microsatellite loci for the rockpool shrimp Palaemon elegans using Illumina MiSeq sequencing
Authors: González-Castellano Inés , Perina Alejandra , González-Tizón Ana M. , Torrecilla Zeltia , Martínez-Lage Andrés
Published: November 2018

The rockpool shrimpPalaemon elegansis considered an important crustacean species within the European coastline fauna. This species is experiencing an ongoing geographical expansion beyond its native distribution range due to unintentional human introductions. A better knowledge of the genetic diversity, geographic structure and connectivity of its populations is necessary. In the present study, microsatellite loci were isolated using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The microsatellite-enriched library sequencing produced 3.9 million raw reads. Reads were processed and primer pairs were designed for microsatellite sequences amplification. Ninety-six microsatellite loci were preliminary screened in individuals from Atlantic and Mediterranean localities. From them, 21 loci exhibited reliable polymorphism and were thoroughly characterized in 30 individuals from a Cantabrian locality (Spain). No linkage disequilibrium between pairs of loci was detected. Number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 12. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.033 to 0.833 and from 0.033 to 0.869 respectively. No significant departure from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was detected in most of loci. This is the first time that microsatellite markers have been developed forP.elegans. This characterized microsatellite suite provides new suitable tools for further analyses, facilitating the understanding of population genetics both in natural and introduced populations.
Author Correction: A reassortant H9N2 influenza virus containing 2009 pandemic H1N1 internal-protein genes acquired enhanced pig-to-pig transmission after serial passages in swine
Authors: Mancera Gracia José Carlos , Van den Hoecke Silvie , Richt Juergen A. , Ma Wenjun , Saelens Xavier , Van Reeth Kristien
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
COMP and TSP-4 interact specifically with the novel GXKGHR motif only found in fibrillar collagens
Authors: Gebauer Jan M. , Köhler Anna , Dietmar Helen , Gompert Monika , Neundorf Ines , Zaucke Frank , Koch Manuel , Baumann Ulrich
Published: November 2018

COMP (cartilage oligomeric matrix protein) is a member of the thrombospondin family and forms homopentamers as well as mixed heterooligomers with its closely related family member TSP-4. COMP is long known to bind to collagens and to influence collagen fibril formation. Recent work indicates that already intracellular interaction with collagen is important for collagen secretion. However, the exact binding site of COMP on the collagen triple helix has not been described up to now. In this study we have identified a GXKGHR motif on the collagen II helix to bind to COMP, using a recombinantly expressed collagen II peptide library. This binding sequence is conserved throughout evolution and we demonstrate that TSP-4 binds to the same sequence. The identified binding motif overlaps with the recognition sites of many other collagen-binding partners (e.g. PEDF, Heparin) and also spans the lysine residues, which form collagen cross-links. COMP might thereby protect collagen helices from premature modification and cross-linking. Interestingly, this motif is only found in classical fibrillar collagens, although COMP is known to also bind other types. This might indicate that COMP has a unique interface for fibrillar collagens, thus making it an interesting target for the development of antifibrotic drugs.
HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins Induce the Production of TNF-α and IL-10 in Human Monocytes by Activating Calcium Pathway
Authors: Planès Rémi , Serrero Manutea , Leghmari Kaoutar , BenMohamed Lbachir , Bahraoui Elmostafa
Published: November 2018

Human HIV-1 infection leads inevitably to a chronic hyper-immune-activation. However, the nature of the targeted receptors and the pathways involved remain to be fully elucidated. We demonstrate that X4-tropic gp120 induced the production of TNF-α and IL-10 by monocytes through activation of a cell membrane receptor, distinct from the CD4, CXCR4, and MR receptors. Gp120 failed to stimulate IL-10 and TNF-α production by monocytes in Ca2+free medium. This failure was total for IL-10 and partial for TNF-α. However, IL-10 and TNF-α production was fully restored following the addition of exogenous calcium. Accordingly, addition of BAPTA-AM and cyclosporine-A, fully and partially inhibited IL-10 and TNF-α respectively. The PKA pathway was crucial for IL-10 production but only partially involved in gp120-induced TNF-α. The PLC pathway was partially and equivalently involved in gp120-induced TNF-α and IL-10. Moreover, the inhibition of PI3K, ERK1/2, p38 MAP-kinases and NF-κB pathways totally abolished the production of both cytokines. In conclusion, this study revealed the crucial calcium signaling pathway triggered by HIV-1 gp120 to control the production of these two cytokines: TNF-α and IL-10. The finding could help in the development of a new therapeutic strategy to alleviate the chronic hyper-immune-activation observed in HIV-1 infected patients.
A refined two-step oligoribonucleotide interference-PCR method for precise discrimination of nucleotide differences
Authors: Fujita Toshitsugu , Yuno Miyuki , Kitaura Fusako , Fujii Hodaka
Published: November 2018

We previously developed oligoribonucleotide (ORN) interference-PCR (ORNi-PCR), in which an ORN hybridises with a complementary DNA sequence and inhibits PCR amplification across the sequence in a sequence-specific manner. Suppression of target amplification by ORNi-PCR can be used to detect nucleotide differences such as mutations in a target sequence. In the present study, we refined the ORNi-PCR method and established a detailed technical protocol to precisely discriminate single-nucleotide differences. We first revealed that a two-step (denaturing and annealing plus elongation) rather than a standard three-step (denaturing, annealing and elongation) method is more suitable for stably hybridising an ORN to its target DNA sequence for sequence-specific suppression of target amplification. We then optimised the ORNi-PCR method using two-step cycles and established a step-by-step technical protocol. The optimised Two-Step ORNi-PCR method could discriminate single-nucleotide differences in genomic DNA or cDNA introduced by genome editing or mutations in cancer cells. In addition, we showed that Two-Step ORNi-PCR can detect the cancer cells possessing a single nucleotide mutation in a target locus mixed with a large number of cells harboring wild-type sequences in the locus so that the number of the cancer cells is only 0.2% of the total cell number. Two-Step ORNi-PCR is useful for simple, precise, cost-effective and positive detection of nucleotide differences in a wide range of molecular biology and medical applications.
Characterization of fume particles generated during arc welding with various covered electrodes
Authors: Kirichenko K. Yu. , Agoshkov A. I. , Drozd V. A. , Gridasov A. V. , Kholodov A. S. , Kobylyakov S. P. , Kosyanov D. Yu. , Zakharenko A. M. , Karabtsov A. A. , Shimanskii S. R. , Stratidakis A. K. , Mezhuev Ya. O. , Tsatsakis A. M. , Golokhvast K. S.
Published: November 2018

Arc welding operations are considered to be risky procedures by generating hazardous welding fume for human health. This study focuses on the key characteristics, as well as dispersion models, of welding fumes within a work zone. Commercial and widely used types of electrodes with various types of covering (rutile, basic, acidic and rutile-cellulose) were used in a series of experiments on arc welding operations, under 100 and 150 amps of electric current. According to the results of this study, maximum levels of pollution with particles of PM10 fraction occur in the workspace during arc welding operations. Disregarding the types of electrodes used, the 3D models of dispersion of the РМ10 particles at the floor plane exhibit corrugated morphologies while also demonstrate high concentrations of the РМ10 particles at distances 0–3 m and 4–5 m from the emission source. The morphology of these particles is represented by solid and hollow spheres, ‘nucleus-shell’ structures, perforated spheres, sharp-edged plates, agglomerates of the tree-like (coral) shape. At last the bifractional mechanism of fume particle formation for this type of electrodes is also shown and described. In this article results are reported, which demonstrate the hazards of the arc welding process for human health. The results of the characterization of WFs reported improve our understanding of risks that these operations pose to human health and may strengthen the need for their control and mitigation.
Suppression of Hepatic Bile Acid Synthesis by a non-tumorigenic FGF19 analogue Protects Mice from Fibrosis and Hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Gadaleta Raffaella Maria , Scialpi Natasha , Peres Claudia , Cariello Marica , Ko Brian , Luo Jian , Porru Emanuele , Roda Aldo , Sabbà Carlo , Moschetta Antonio
Published: November 2018

Critical regulation of bile acid (BA) pool size and composition occurs via an intensive molecular crosstalk between the liver and gut, orchestrated by the combined actions of the nuclear Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the enterokine fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) with the final aim of reducing hepatic BA synthesis in a negative feedback fashion. Disruption of BA homeostasis with increased hepatic BA toxic levels leads to higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While native FGF19 has anti-cholestatic and anti-fibrotic activity in the liver, it retains peculiar pro-tumorigenic actions. Thus, novel analogues have been generated to avoid tumorigenic capacity and maintain BA metabolic action. Here, using BA related Abcb4−/− and Fxr−/− mouse models of spontaneous hepatic fibrosis and HCC, we explored the role of a novel engineered variant of FGF19 protein, called FGF19-M52, which fully retains BA regulatory activity but is devoid of the pro-tumoral activity. Expression of the BA synthesis rate-limiting enzyme Cyp7a1 is reduced in FGF19-M52-treated mice compared to the GFP-treated control group with consequent reduction of BA pool and hepatic concentration. Treatment with the non-tumorigenic FGF19-M52 strongly protects Abcb4−/− and Fxr−/− mice from spontaneous hepatic fibrosis, cellular proliferation and HCC formation in terms of tumor number and size, with significant reduction of biochemical parameters of liver damage and reduced expression of several genes driving the proliferative and inflammatory hepatic scenario. Our data bona fide suggest the therapeutic potential of targeting the FXR-FGF19 axis to reduce hepatic BA synthesis in the control of BA-associated risk of fibrosis and hepatocarcinoma development.
Author Correction: Lymphoblastoid cell lines from Diamond Blackfan anaemia patients exhibit a full ribosomal stress phenotype that is rescued by gene therapy
Authors: Aspesi Anna , Monteleone Valentina , Betti Marta , Actis Chiara , Morleo Giulia , Sculco Marika , Guarrera Simonetta , Wlodarski Marcin W. , Ramenghi Ugo , Santoro Claudio , Ellis Steven R. , Loreni Fabrizio , Follenzi Antonia , Dianzani Irma
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Metabolic gene expression and epigenetic effects of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate on H3K9ac in bovine cells, oocytes and embryos
Authors: Sangalli Juliano Rodrigues , Sampaio Rafael Vilar , del Collado Maite , da Silveira Juliano Coelho , De Bem Tiago Henrique Camara , Perecin Felipe , Smith Lawrence Charles , Meirelles Flávio Vieira
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Effect-based assessment of recipient waters impacted by on-site, small scale, and large scale waste water treatment facilities – combining passive sampling with in vitro bioassays and chemical analysis
Authors: Rosenmai Anna Kjerstine , Lundqvist Johan , Gago-Ferrero Pablo , Mandava Geeta , Ahrens Lutz , Wiberg Karin , Oskarsson Agneta
Published: November 2018

Waste water treatment facilities are a major sources of organic micropollutants (MPs) in surface water. In this study, surface water samples were collected from seven sites along a river system in Uppsala, Sweden, during four seasons and evaluated based on the occurrence of MPs in the samples and bioactivity using in vitro bioassays. The sampling sites were differentially impacted by on-site sewage treatment facilities (OSSFs), small scale, and large scale waste water treatment plants (WWTPs). The bioassays used included activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), estrogen receptor (ER), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and androgen receptor (AR). Occurrence of 80 MPs, were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Most water samples induced AhR activity, and all sampling sites showed a similar profile regarding this activity. With the exception of one water sample, we did not detect any NFkB, Nrf2 or AR activity of the water samples. The exception was a sample impacted by OSSFs, which showed an activity in multiple bioassays, but the activity could not be explained by the occurrence of target MPs. The occurrence of MPs showed a spatial trend, with the highest number and amount of MPs detected in the samples collected downstream of the WWTPs, where up to 47 MPs were detected in one single sample. A seasonal variation was observed with highest levels of MPs and highest AhR activities in samples collected in June and September 2015. However, neither the seasonal activity nor the on-site activity could be explained by the measured MPs, suggesting unknown contributory agents in the water.
Author Correction: Hypnotic analgesia reduces brain responses to pain seen in others
Authors: Braboszcz Claire , Brandao-Farinelli Edith , Vuilleumier Patrik
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
US gynecologists’ estimates and beliefs regarding ovarian cancer screening’s effectiveness 5 years after release of the PLCO evidence
Authors: Wegwarth Odette , Gigerenzer Gerd
Published: November 2018

Efficient patient care requires the conscientious use of current best evidence. Such evidence on ovarian cancer screening showed that the screening has no survival benefit but considerable harms; currently no medical organization recommends it. In a cross-sectional online survey study with 401 US outpatient gynecologists we investigated whether they follow the recommendation of their medical organizations in daily practice and report estimates of ovarian cancer screening’s effectiveness that approximate current best evidence (within a ± 10 percent margin of error), and if not, whether a fact box intervention summarizing current best evidence improves judgments. Depending on question, 44.6% to 96.8% reported estimates and beliefs regarding screening’s effectiveness that diverged from evidence, and 57.6% reported regularly recommending the screening. Gynecologists who recommend screening overestimated the benefit and underestimated the harms more frequently. After seeing the fact box, 51.6% revised initial estimates and beliefs, and the proportion of responses approximating best evidence increased on all measures (e.g., mortality reduction: 32.9% [95% CI, 26.5 to 39.7] before intervention, 77.3% [71.0 to 82.8] after intervention). Overall, results highlight the need for intensified training programs on the interpretation of medical evidence. The provision of fact box summaries in medical journals may additionally improve the practice of evidence-based medicine.
Core genes in diverse dinoflagellate lineages include a wealth of conserved dark genes with unknown functions
Authors: Stephens Timothy G. , Ragan Mark A. , Bhattacharya Debashish , Chan Cheong Xin
Published: November 2018

Dinoflagellates are a diverse group of unicellular primary producers and grazers that exhibit some of the most remarkable features known among eukaryotes. These include gigabase-sized nuclear genomes, permanently condensed chromosomes and highly reduced organelle DNA. However, the genetic inventory that allows dinoflagellates to thrive in diverse ecological niches is poorly characterised. Here we systematically assess the functional capacity of 3,368,684 predicted proteins from 47 transcriptome datasets spanning eight dinoflagellate orders. We find that 1,232,023 proteins do not share significant sequence similarity to known sequences, i.e. are “dark”. Of these, we consider 441,006 (13.1% of overall proteins) that are found in multiple taxa, or occur as alternative splice variants, to comprise the high-confidence dark proteins. Even with unknown function, 43.3% of these dark proteins can be annotated with conserved structural features using an exhaustive search against available data, validating their existence and importance. Furthermore, these dark proteins and their putative homologs are largely lineage-specific and recovered in multiple taxa. We also identified conserved functions in all dinoflagellates, and those specific to toxin-producing, symbiotic, and cold-adapted lineages. Our results demonstrate the remarkable divergence of gene functions in dinoflagellates, and provide a platform for investigations into the diversification of these ecologically important organisms.
Organocatalyzed Step-growth Polymerization
Authors: Bossion Amaury , Heifferon Katherine V. , Zivic Nicolas , Long Timothy E. , Sardon Haritz
Published: November 2018

Organocatalysis has emerged in the last few years as an important tool for polymer synthesis. Extensively used in ring-opening processes, organocompounds have recently been applied to step-growth polymerizations for the synthesis of important classes of polymers, such as polyurethanes, polycarbonates, and polyesters, as well as less explored polymers, including polyethers, polycarbonates, and polybenzoins. Organocatalysts have already been shown to be good alternatives to the more commonly used organometallics, with in some cases comparable and better activities. Some of them have also demonstrated lower toxicity and easy removal in comparison with metal catalysts, which represents clear benefits especially when employing polymers in high values and sensitive fields such as bioelectronics and biomedical. Despite their wide utilization in ring-opening polymerization, less attention has been devoted to their use in step-growth polymerizations. This chapter will highlight recent advances in organocatalysis in step-growth polymerizations and focus on the step-growth polymerization catalyzed by (1) Brønsted and Lewis bases, (2) Brønsted and Lewis acids and (3) organic ionic salts.
Organocatalysis for Depolymerisation
Authors: Jehanno Coralie , Demarteau Jeremy , Dove Andrew P.
Published: November 2018

This chapter considers the use of organic catalysts for the depolymerisation of polymers. This is an increasingly important topic within polymer science, given the large amount of plastic that is manufactured each year, and has recently been highlighted to be entering our environment and food chain. Organic catalysts present a more environmentally friendly method than using metal-based catalysts for converting this waste into either monomers or other products. The advances in this field are thoroughly reviewed herein.
Versatile iron–catechol-based nanoscale coordination polymers with antiretroviral ligand functionalization and their use as efficient carriers in HIV/AIDS therapy
Authors: Solórzano Rubén , Tort Olivia , García-Pardo Javier , Escribà Tuixent , Lorenzo Julia , Arnedo Mireia , Ruiz-Molina Daniel , Alibés Ramon , Busqué Félix , Novio Fernando
Published: November 2018

Iron-based nanoscale coordination polymers as novel drug delivery systems for efficient HIV/AIDS therapy.
A multi-criteria sustainability assessment of water reuse applications: a case study in Lakeland, Florida
Authors: Rezaei Nader , Diaz-Elsayed Nancy , Mohebbi Shima , Xie Xiongfei , Zhang Qiong
Published: November 2018

Alternative water reuse applications were evaluated while considering a holistic sustainability perspective that accounted for environmental, economic, and social dimensions.
Depletion of VOC in wastewater by vacuum membrane distillation using a dual-layer membrane: mechanism of mass transfer and selectivity
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Li Na , Ng Derrick , Ike Ikechukwu A. , Xie Zongli , Gray Stephen
Published: November 2018

Mechanism of the organic selectivity and mass transfer resistance of the dual-layer membrane in vacuum membrane distillation.
Recent advances in functionalized MnO2 nanosheets for biosensing and biomedicine applications
Authors: Chen Juan , Meng Hongmin , Tian Yuan , Yang Ran , Du Dan , Li Zhaohui , Qu Lingbo , Lin Yuehe
Published: November 2018

Schematic illustration of MnO2 nanosheets for applications in biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery and cancer therapy.
Scale-up of N-alkylation reaction using phase-transfer catalysis with integrated separation in flow
Authors: Nieves-Remacha María José , Torres Myriam , Ruiz-Abad María , Rincón Juan A. , Cumming Graham R. , Garcia-Losada Pablo
Published: November 2018

Scaling-up phase-transfer catalysis in flow.
On measuring the acoustic state changes in lipid membranes using fluorescent probes
Authors: Shrivastava Shamit , Cleveland Robin O. , Schneider Matthias F.
Published: November 2018

How sound waves can control the activity of molecules embedded in lipid membranes.
Selective separation of heavy metal ions from dilute aqueous solutions by foams and micelles of surfactants
Authors: Liu Zhang , Fan Yaxun , Wang Yilin
Published: November 2018

Selective separation of heavy metal ions from dilute aqueous solutions by foams and micelles of single-chain and gemini anionic mixed surfactants.
Sulfonated aromatic polymers containing hexafluoroisopropylidene groups: a simple but effective structure for fuel cell membranes
Authors: Ahn Jinju , Shimizu Ryo , Miyatake Kenji
Published: November 2018

Highly proton conductive and chemically stable sulfonated aromatic polymer (SBAF) membranes containing hexafluoroisopropylidene groups enabled high performance and durable fuel cells.
Cap-free dual stimuli-responsive biodegradable nanocarrier for controlled drug release and chemo-photothermal therapy
Authors: Wang Fang , Wang Zemin , Li Yansheng , Zhao Liang , Wen Yongqiang , Zhang Xueji
Published: November 2018

The cap-free nanocarrier with fast biodegradability achieved controlled release and chemo-photothermal therapy in vitro.
Low cost triazatruxene hole transporting material for >20% efficiency perovskite solar cells
Authors: Connell Arthur , Wang Zhiping , Lin Yen-Hung , Greenwood Peter C. , Wiles Alan A. , Jones Eurig W. , Furnell Leo , Anthony Rosie , Kershaw Christopher P. , Cooke Graeme , Snaith Henry J. , Holliman Peter J.
Published: November 2018

Organic hole-transporting materials (HTM) have shown excellent ability in achieving high efficiency perovskite solar cells.
Amine additive reactions induced by the soft Lewis acidity of Pb2+ in halide perovskites. Part I: evidence for Pb–alkylamide formation
Authors: Kerner Ross A. , Schloemer Tracy H. , Schulz Philip , Berry Joseph J. , Schwartz Jeffrey , Sellinger Alan , Rand Barry P.
Published: November 2018

Simple aliphatic amine additives are shown to react with PbI2 in perovskite inks to form amido Pb and alkylammonium species.
Preparation and characterisation of luminescent composite materials based on polylactic acid
Authors: Zhu Jiang , Cheng Jiang , Ni Haitao , He Yingying , Tang Tao
Published: November 2018

A ternary complex of Tb(SSA)3 Phen was synthesised based on terbium(III) (Tb3+) ion and the ligands including 1,10‐phenanthroline (Phen) and 5‐sulfosalicylic acid (SSA). Then a series of polylactic acid (PLA)/Tb(SSA)3 Phen composites were prepared by the melt‐mixing process. The luminescent properties of PLA/Tb(SSA)3 Phen composite films were investigated by fluorescence spectrophotometry. The spectra of all composites indicated that PLA/Tb(SSA)3 Phen composites shown the characteristic bright green fluorescence which originated from Tb(SSA)3 Phen. Moreover, the energy absorption and transfers of Tb(SSA)3 Phen were slightly affected by the PLA matrix. The optical transmittance of the composites was measured by the UV–vis spectrometer. The results demonstrated that Tb(SSA)3 Phen can ameliorate the PLA film transparence, which well dispersed in the PLA matrix. Moreover, the thermal properties, crystal structure and the mechanical properties of PLA/Tb(SSA)3 Phen composite were also investigated to determine the potential usage as a green fluorescent material.
PoWR grids of non-LTE model atmospheres for OB-type stars of various metallicities
Authors: Hainich R. , Ramachandran V. , Shenar T. , Sander A. A. C. , Todt H. , Gruner D. , Oskinova L. M. , Hamann W.-R.
Published: November 2018

The study of massive stars in different metallicity environments is a central topic of current stellar research. The spectral analysis of massive stars requires adequate model atmospheres. The computation of such models is difficult and time-consuming. Therefore, spectral analyses are greatly facilitated if they can refer to existing grids of models. Here we provide grids of model atmospheres for OB-type stars at metallicities corresponding to the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds, as well as to solar metallicity. In total, the grids comprise 785 individual models. The models were calculated using the state-of-the-art Potsdam Wolf-Rayet (PoWR) model atmosphere code. The parameter domain of the grids was set up using stellar evolution tracks. For all these models, we provide normalized and flux-calibrated spectra, spectral energy distributions, feedback parameters such as ionizing photons, Zanstra temperatures, and photometric magnitudes. The atmospheric structures (the density and temperature stratification) are available as well. All these data are publicly accessible through the PoWR website.
A 5-dimension patient education program targeting type 2 diabetes remission
Authors: Lagger Grégoire , Correia Jorge Cesar , Fernandes Peter , Sittarame Frédéric , Golay Alain
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) reversal has been demonstrated in patients undergoing bariatric surgery or low caloric diets. Objective: To investigate the effects of therapeutic patient education alone on T2D reversal in early diagnosed patients. Methods: Seventeen T2D patients underwent a one-week therapeutic education program, followed by 12 months of 1 hour sessions every month, targeting diabetes reversal. This reversal was determined using the DiaRem score which integrates glycated hemoglobin levels and antidiabetic drug treatment. Patient’s conceptions, perceptions and motivation were assessed using a 5-dimensional psychopedagogic score. Results: After 1 year, the mean HbA1C fell from 7.2% (± 1.9) to 6.2% (± 0.8) (p < 0.05), antidiabetic drug doses decreased by 25% (p < 0.05), and the DiaRem score increased by 15% (p < 0.01), indicating a reversal of the disease, not correlated to weight loss. At the end of the study, 15 out of 17 patients had excellent glycemic control (HbA1C < 7.0%) and 4 patients had parameters compatible with partial diabetes remission. A significant improvement in glycemic control coupled with a lowering of antidiabetic drug treatment was observed. Conclusions: Following an initial therapeutic education program and regular consultation sessions thereafter, early diagnosed patients may reverse their type 2 diabetes.
Differenzialdiagnostische Fallstricke aus der Dermatochirurgie
Authors: John Katrin , John Endres , Friedling Franziska , Lange Danica , Meyer Frank , Stadie Volker
Published: November 2018

Evaluation of skin diseases can be challenging for non-dermatologists. Even obvious well-characterized skin pathologies might be misleading and thus treatment can fail. Particularly the differentiation of surgical treated entities is important, for example the management of a wound healing disturbance profoundly differs from that of a pyoderma gangrenosum. This article outlines several easily mistaken pairs of dermatologic entities on one hand and surgical on the other. For example, a livedo vasculopathy can be confused with a leg ulcer, a nail melanoma with a simple hematoma and finally a hidradenitis suppurativa with an axillary abscess. Typical clinical signs and anamnestic data may often lead to the right diagnosis also assisted by the simple fact to “keep it in mind“.
Akutes Nierenversagen bei einer gesunden jungen Frau
Authors: Kleine Guido
Published: November 2018

Anamnese Eine bisher gesunde junge Frau wird wegen eines akuten Nierenversagens mit Hyperkalzämie stationär aufgenommen.

Untersuchungen und Diagnose Ein Plasmozytom, eine infektiöse und nicht infektiöse entzündliche Genese wurden ausgeschlossen, ebenso eine Sarkoidose. Entscheidend für die Diagnose einer Hypervitaminose waren anamnestische Hinweise.

Therapie und Verlauf Unter einer forcierten Diurese kommt es zu einer vollständigen Normalisierung der Hyperkalzämie und zu einer deutlichen Besserung der Nierenfunktion.

Folgerung Als potenziell nephrotoxische Substanzen sind auch frei zugängliche Präparate in Erwägung zu ziehen.
Kastration von Hund und Katze – eine Betrachtung aus ganzheitlicher Sicht
Authors: Bolbecher Gisela , Smit-Fornahl Brigitta
Published: November 2018

Die in den letzten Jahren scheinbar gängige Praxis, Haustiere grundsätzlich zu kastrieren, sollte unter Einbeziehung neuer Studien über die Folgen eines solchen Eingriffes und unter Berücksichtigung der ethischen und gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen, neu überdacht werden. Der kompetenten und einfühlsamen Beratung der Tierhalter durch uns Tierärzte kommt damit eine große Bedeutung zu.
Explosive Resistance Training Using Elastic Bands in Young Female Team Handball Players
Authors: Andersen Vidar , Fimland Marius , Cumming Kristoffer , Vraalsen Øyvind , Saeterbakken Atle
Published: November 2018

The aim of the study was to examine the effects of full-body elastic resistance band training in young female team handball players. 12 players (16.5±0.7 years, 166±5.0 cm, 65.9±8.8 kg) completed an 11-week control period followed by a 9-week elastic resistance band training period. The training program, consisting of 6 exercises, was incorporated into the teams’ regular handball training sessions 3 times per week. Each exercise was performed with 3 sets of 6–10 explosive repetitions (5–9 on the Borg CR10 Scale®). The maximal power output in squat and bench press, jump height, throwing velocity and repeated agility run was tested before and after the control and training periods. The elastic resistance band period had greater improvement vs. the control period for countermovement jump with or without arm swing (10% vs. –6 to –2%) and power output at lighter loads (10 to 12% vs. –6 to 0%). For the 3 throwing velocity tests, there were tendencies towards increased velocity in the elastic resistance band period compared to the control period (p=0.07–0.10). For the repeated agility run, there was a reduction in the mean and fastest time compared to the training period (2 to 3% vs. –1 to 1%). In conclusion, a brief, elastic resistance band training program, incorporated into the regular handball training sessions, improved explosive lower-limb performance in young female handball players more than handball training alone.
Unilateral Conditioning Contractions Enhance Power Output in Elite Short Track Speed Skaters
Authors: Gimenez Philippe , Chicoine Evelyne , Amarantini David , Maso Fabien , Tremblay Jonathan
Published: November 2018

The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of unilateral lower-body-conditioning muscle contractions during multiple sets of fatiguing repeated jumps in elite athletes. Five elite short-track speed-skating athletes performed 9 sets of 6 maximal consecutive jumps on 2 separate occasions: with (COND) and without (CTRL) preliminary voluntary conditioning contractions (CC) 5 min before the beginning of the sets. The CC consisted of 2 consecutive 3 s maximal unilateral isometric squats against a fixed bar, resulting in a 6 s overall isometric contraction per leg. For each set, power output (PO) was measured using a linear position transducer and averaged over the 6 corresponding repeated jumps. The results showed that PO was significantly greater during the test in COND than in CTRL (p<0.01). PO significantly decreased with sets, by 19.4±4.7  and 15.2±7.6% (p<0.001) between the first and last set in COND and CTRL, respectively. A 2×3 s maximal unilateral isometric CC, performed 5 min before unloaded repeated jumps, significantly increased mean PO. These results suggest that unilateral conditioning contractions can enhance performance in subsequent bilateral repeated jumps.
Efficient Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted Pyrazoles at Room Temperature
Authors: Wang Haifeng , Sun Xiangli , Zhang Shuangling , Liu Guanglu , Wang Chunjie , Zhu Lili , Zhang Hui
Published: November 2018

An efficient method for the synthesis of pyrazoles through a copper-catalyzed condensation reaction has been developed. The new catalytic system not only maintained a broad substrate scope but was also active under acid-free reaction conditions, overcoming the conventional requirement for an acid-catalyzed system. Furthermore, the copper catalyst enabled this reaction to be performed at room temperature and in a short reaction time.
HIV, Herpes Zoster, Homeopathy and Hope: A Case Report
Authors: Sharma Rashmi
Published: November 2018

HIV-AIDS is an epidemic that causes an excessive load on the health care system. In the last decade, HIV has erupted worldwide. Homeopathy holds the potential for improving patients' well-being and prolonging life by ameliorating the draining side effects of anti-retro viral (ARV) drugs. This article attempts to bridge the gap between homeopathic and conventional therapeutic plans. The author has cited a case from a clinical setting where a patient discontinued ARV drugs, and consulted a homeopath for herpes zoster infection. The patient was followed up for 1 year, was relieved from symptoms and remained free from opportunistic infections. Homeopathy helped him; he regained confidence in himself and the homeopathic therapeutic measures. The case illustrated here, which has shown improvement in both subjective and objective parameters, may be used for the management of patients suffering from HIV or AIDS.
Homoeopathic Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Case Series
Authors: Gupta Girish , Kumar Arun , Sexena Reteka , Nayak Chaturbhuja
Published: November 2018

Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases in age group above 50 years. Symptoms relating to urination are usually frequency, urgency, and hesitancy and vary from case to case. Very few studies are reported on homoeopathic treatment of BPH. Hence, an evidence-based observational study on five patients of BPH was done using homoeopathic medicines. The objective of this case series is to assess the usefulness of individualised homoeopathic medicines in the treatment of cases of BPH.

Methodology An open-label observational prospective study was done on patients of BPH at Gaurang Clinic and Centre for Homoeopathic Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, and five patients included in this cases series were treated during 2007–2009. Individualised homoeopathic medicines were prescribed to these patients, after proper case taking, repertorisation and consultation of Materia Medica. Patients were assessed using parameters like International Prostate Symptom Score, uroflowmetry, ultrasonography and prostate-specific antigen.

Results Baseline and post-treatment parameters were assessed, which showed significant improvement in post-treatment values along with relief of symptoms in all five patients.

Conclusion Results of the study are encouraging and in accordance with the basic principles of homoeopathic prescribing (i.e. classical approach), exhibiting the benefits of constitutional medicines. All the patients showed improvement in their symptoms and laboratory parameters. However, studies with larger sample size and randomised controlled trial study design are suggested.
TachoSil Dural Reconstruction in Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Surgeries
Authors: Jahromi Behnam , Ludtka Christopher , Schwan Stefan , Ota Nakao , Meisel Hans , Tanikawa Rokuya , Lawton Michael , Goehre Felix , Tews Julia
Published: November 2018

Background Superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass is a treatment option for hemodynamic insufficiency in the anterior cerebral circulation. Complications associated with extracranial-intracranial bypass surgeries are ischemic strokes caused by bypass failure, wound-healing disorders, and further issues from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. CSF leakage can provide pathways for infection. It is well known in general neurosurgery that watertight closure of the dura mater is necessary to prevent such complications.

Objective To provide a technical description of TachoSil dural reconstruction in standard STA-MCA bypasses and their follow-up analyses.

Methods In this technical report with observational follow-up, the dura mater was closed partially by adaptive sutures, and the perforation site of the donor vessel was sealed with TachoSil. TachoSil is a collagen sponge covered with clotting factors that provides hemostatic and sealing effects.

Results Our study included eight cases of standard STA-MCA bypasses that had been operated between July 2015 and September 2016. Follow-up examinations were completed for all patients at 1 month and 6 months after surgery. Duplex and Doppler ultrasound demonstrated regular bypass patency in all patients without increased flow velocity at the perforation sites, which is a possible sign of stenosis. No wound-healing disorders or CSF leakage occurred. No cerebrovascular stroke events were observed.

Conclusion Duraplasty with TachoSil enables the elastic reconstruction of the dura perforation gap in standard extracranial-intracranial bypass surgeries.
Guidelines for ethno-centric psychosocial management of diabetes mellitus in India: The north east consensus group statement
Authors: Kalra Sanjay , Baruah Manash , Ranabir Salam , Singh Ningthoujam , Choudhury Asit , Sutradhar Satish , Adhikari Santosh , Dehingia Ananda , Mili Dambaru , Hesso Kevito , Rasaily Suresh , Dkhar Andreas , Roy Partho , Majumder Shahnowaj , Ahmed Rahimuddin
Published: November 2018

Recently published guidelines on Psychosocial Management of Diabetes in India provide evidence-based recommendations for the whole nation. However, they do not fully address the myriad socio-cultural issues prevalent in the North Eastern states. The eight North Eastern states of India house 45 million people, belonging to 220 ethnic groups who speak an equal number of dialects, and follow distinctly unique cultures, which impact health-related behavior. Such diversity is difficult to cover in any national guideline. This lacuna makes it necessary to have a document, which addresses the specific needs and requirements of diabetes care professionals in the North-east of India. This consensus statement aims to highlight evidence- and experience-based strategies for psychosocial management of diabetes, based upon the unique ethnographic constitution of this part of the country. It is based upon the results of a daylong focused group discussion, held at Sonapur, Assam, on 9th February 2013, involving key opinion leaders from most North-eastern states, including all geographical divisions of Assam. Recommendations are classified into three domains: General, psychological, and socio-cultural, and graded by the weight they should have in clinical practice. Eighteen recommendations of varying strength are made, to help professionals identify the psycho-socio-cultural determinants of diabetes, and to explore the role of psycho-socio-cultural interventions in devising support strategies for people with diabetes and their families. They also aid in developing core skills needed for effective diabetes management. These recommendations provide practical guidelines to fulfill unmet needs in diabetes management in the North-east and help achieve a qualitative improvement in diabetes care. The guidelines may also be useful for diabetes care professionals working with other indigenous groups across the world.
Are Grapes Able to Mitigate the Noxious Effects Induced by Cadmium Exposure in Different Tissues and/or Organs? A Mini Review
Authors: Handan Bianca , Cardoso Caroline , Pisani Luciana , Estadella Debora , Chriguer Rosângela , Ribeiro Daniel
Published: November 2018

Grapes are fruits that grow in clusters and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. Cadmium is a non-essential metal toxic to living organisms and the environment. Recently, health professionals, food scientists, and consumers have paid much attention to grapes for their health-promoting effects. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reviews describing the ability of grapes to mitigate the toxic effects induced by cadmium exposure in different tissues and/or organs. Herein, the aim of this review is to present the effects of grapes following cadmium exposure on the number of papers published in the scientific literature. The results showed that grapes are able to mitigate the harmful activities induced by exposure to cadmium in several tissues and organs. The main actions are closely related to tissue regeneration as a result of the reestablishment of morphology and antioxidant activity. However, further studies are welcomed in order to elucidate new biological pathways regarding the outcomes promoted by grapes in this context, specially related to inflammation, tissue regeneration and cellular death.
Challenges in the design of concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules to achieve highest efficiencies
Authors: Wiesenfarth M. , Anton I. , Bett A. W.
Published: November 2018

Concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) is a special high efficiency system technology in the world of PV-technologies. The idea of CPV is to use optical light concentrators to increase the incident power on solar cells. The solar cell area is comparatively tiny, thus saving expensive semiconductor materials and allowing the use of more sophisticated and more costly multi-junction solar cells. The highest CPV module efficiency achieved is 38.9%. This CPV module uses four-junction III-V-based solar cells. Moreover, mini-modules have already achieved an efficiency of 43.4%. The interaction between optics, cells, and layout of the module and tracker determines the overall field performance. Today, some utility scale CPV plants are installed. The CPV technology allows for many technical solutions for system designs and for optimizing performance while maintaining the economics. This paper will review the achievements and discuss the challenges for the CPV module technology and its components. We discuss the different components and the most important effects regarding the module design. Furthermore, we present the module designs that have shown the highest efficiencies.
Processing and characterization of improved congruent lithium niobate
Authors: Anikiev A. A. , Umarov M. F. , Scott J. F.
Published: November 2018

LiNbO3 exists in two forms: Most commercial devices are inexpensively fabricated from congruent melt that is ca. 1.5% off-stoichiometry. This produces devices of high optical quality for nonlinear optics but also high loss. Stoichiometric lithium niobate also exists, but in smaller more expensive specimens. Here we report the preparation and characterization of low-loss congruent samples. These are shown to be relatively free from extended defects.
Characterization of the Inner and Outer Fiber Layers in the Developing Cerebral Cortex of Gyrencephalic Ferrets
Authors: Saito Kengo , Mizuguchi Keishi , Horiike Toshihide , Dinh Duong Tung Anh , Shinmyo Yohei , Kawasaki Hiroshi
Published: November 2018

Changes in the cerebral cortex of mammals during evolution have been of great interest. Ferrets, monkeys, and humans have more developed cerebral cortices compared with mice. Although the features of progenitors in the developing cortices of these animals have been intensively investigated, those of the fiber layers are still largely elusive. By taking the advantage of our in utero electroporation technique for ferrets, here we systematically investigated the cellular origins and projection patterns of axonal fibers in the developing ferret cortex. We found that ferrets have 2 fiber layers in the developing cerebral cortex, as is the case in monkeys and humans. Axonal fibers in the inner fiber layer projected contralaterally and subcortically, whereas those in the outer fiber layer sent axons to neighboring cortical areas. Furthermore, we performed similar experiments using mice and found unexpected similarities between ferrets and mice. Our results shed light on the cellular origins, the projection patterns, the developmental processes, and the evolution of fiber layers in mammalian brains.
Common Challenges in Safety: A Review and Analysis of AAALAC Findings
Authors: Swearengen James R
Published: November 2018

The 8th edition of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (Guide) is clear in its requirement for each institution to establish and maintain an occupational health and safety (OHS) program as an essential part of the overall program of animal care and use. For over 30 years, AAALAC International has utilized a variety of methods to evaluate this component of OHS programs as part of the accreditation process. AAALAC International began collecting data on site visit findings over 20 years ago using the Guide as a template for establishing the categories and subcategories to which findings are assigned. Data from 1656 findings associated with OHS were identified during calendar years 2014 through 2016. This information was used to provide an overview of the most frequently observed OHS findings that occurred during this time span. The 5 categories representing key OHS areas and the combined percentage of both mandatory findings and suggestions for improvement in each category included: workplace risk/safety assessment (37.3%); personnel protection (36.3%); personnel risk assessment (14.4%); hazard containment (9.4%); and medical services (2.6%). Information on the most commonly observed OHS findings and associated trends may be helpful to animal care and use programs when conducting internal reviews of their own OHS programs.
From Portugal to England
Authors: Mariz Vera
Published: November 2018

In 1865 John Charles Robinson travelled to Portugal in the service of the South Kensington Museum and plunged into the art market with the intention of acquiring works for that institution’s collections that were representative of Portuguese artistic production. This article provides a broad and contextualized approach to this connoisseur’s experience on the Portuguese market, framing it within a hitherto undervalued phenomenon: the persistent presence of English agents in this system. An original identification of all the works acquired in Portugal by Robinson and of all those so-far neglected dealers involved in such transactions allows us to assess the real extent and impact of such mission. We shall also show that the acquisitions made were decisive not only for diversifying the museum’s collections but also for art historiography, both being inseparable from the invention of the term Indo-Portuguese.