bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INCENTIVO E PROMOÇÃO DA ALIMENTAÇÃO COMPLEMENTAR SAUDÁVEL NA CONSULTA DE ENFERMAGEM À CRIANÇA
Authors: Modes Priscilla Shirley Siniak dos Anjos , Gaíva Maria Aparecida Munhoz , Monteschio Caroline Aparecida Coutinho
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Analisar a prática assistencial do enfermeiro voltada ao incentivo e promoção da alimentação saudável na consulta de enfermagem à criança menor de dois anos. Método: Pesquisa descritiva exploratória de abordagem qualitativa, realizada em quatro Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF), do município de Cuiabá-MT. Utilizou-se da observação participante em nove consultas de enfermagem à criança entre seis e 24 meses, nas unidades selecionadas para o estudo. Resultados: Identificou-se a categoria temática Promoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis na consulta de enfermagem à criança. Durante as consultas, os enfermeiros incentivaram e promoveram a alimentação complementar, investigando práticas alimentares e orientando as mães. Por outro lado, ações específicas como orientações acerca das peculiaridades da alimentação infantil e influência dos aspectos culturais não foram contempladas. Conclusão:Investimentos na capacitação do enfermeiro são fundamentais para um atendimento integral voltado à alimentação.
HYGIENIC-SANITARY PROFILE OF HANDLED MEAT SOLD IN BULK IN SUPERMARKET CHAINS IN TERESINA-PI
Authors: Dionísio da Silva Dias Olavo , De Oliveira Sousa Cardoso Amanda , Batista dos Santos Letícia , Medeiros da Silva Tiago , De Melo Moreira Anderson , Rosa de Sousa Neto Antonio , Chaves de Sousa Santos Lissandra , Eliete Batista Moura Maria , Freitas Daniela Reis Joaquim de
Published: November 2020

This study objective was to characterize the hygienic-sanitary profile in ground beef, chilled chicken, ham and sausage manipulated and sold in bulk at supermarket chains in Teresina-PI. Samples of sausage, ham, braised chicken and ground beef sold in bulk were collected at five large supermarket chains in Teresina-PI, identified as SM1, SM2, SM3, SM4 and SM5. Forty samples were analyzed by Faust, Willis and Faust method adapted with alcohol-ether solution in triplicates. Fungus spores, hyphae fragments, eggs (hookworm and Ascaris lumbricoides) and parasite cysts (Entamoeba coli) were found in three of the five supermarket evaluated, as well as many body parts of insects as well as whole insects, these being fleas, mites and ants, in much greater quantities than permitted by law. In two of the five supermarkets chosen for the research no structures were found that could harm human health. It is necessary to implement good hygiene and care practices of meat storage at the analyzed supermarkets and to improve regulatory agencies inspections. In addition, it’s important to promote health education for supermarket workers, in order to avoid food contamination.
REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DE IDOSOS INSTITUCIONALIZADOS ACERCA DA PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE POR MEIO DE AÇÕES DIALÓGICAS
Authors: De Carvalho Telma Pelaes , Willig Mariluci Hautsch , Kalinke Luciana Puchalski , Ziesemer Nadine Biagi Sousa , Berberian Ana Paula , Massi Giselle Aparecida Athayde
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: conhecer as representações sociais de idosos institucionalizados por meio de ações dialógicas. Método: estudo qualitativo descritivo, ancorado na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Utilizou-se de encontros dialógicos grupais de promoção à saúde e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados foram processados pelo software IRAMUTEQ. Resultados: dentre participantes, a maioria era constituída por mulheres, com idade média de 77 anos, 06 eram viúvas, a escolaridade predominante foi o ensino fundamental incompleto, o tempo de residência nas ILPIs variou de um a nove anos.O software concentrou as respostas dos idosos das entrevistas em três classes, assim nominadas: 1) Conversar para conhecer as outras pessoas, conviver com elas e me fortalecer; 2) Participar do encontro_reunião ajuda a enfrentar a vida institucionalizada; 3) Nunca é tarde para cuidar da saúde. Considerações Finais: os enunciados elaborados pelos participantes revelam que a interação social promove a produção e a troca de conhecimento, o fortalecimento de relações interpessoais, o compartilhamento de experiências vividas e o estabelecimento de confiança mútua. As atividades mostraram-se eficazes para aos idosos, ajudando-os a (re) significar a vida institucionalizada.
ANÁLISE DA INSTITUIÇÃO DO SERVIÇO DE ERGONOMIA EM UM FRIGORÍFICO: UM ESTUDO QUANTI-QUALITATIVO
Authors: Alves Jeniffer Sauthier , Bagatini Maria Amélia , Galvan Tatiana Cecagno
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Analisar os dados de turnover, absenteísmo e afastamentos do trabalho, e compará-los pré e pós o serviço de ergonomia na empresa. Também se objetivou analisar a percepção, opinião e conhecimento da hierarquia sobre serviço de ergonomia. Método: A pesquisa caracterizou-se como observacional de caráter retrospectivo e experimental de caráter transversal, foram analisados dados da empresa e da aplicação de um questionário a 129 colaboradores. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas no programa SPSS versão 8.0 e p significativo quando menor que 0,05. Resultados: Ao analisar o período avaliado, não se constatou significância da redução do absenteísmo, turnover e afastamentos do trabalho no período pré e pós implantação do serviço de ergonomia. Quanto a análise dos questionários percebeu-se significância estatística na relação entre a necessidade da ergonomia na empresa x valorização, necessidade da ergonomia na empresa x segurança, entre a procura do ergonomista x solução de problemas, adaptação percebida x facilitação do trabalho seu ou do colega, percepção de mudança x valorização e percepção de mudança x segurança. Conclusão: Não houve significância estatística na redução do absenteísmo, turnover e afastamentos após implantado o serviço de ergonomia, porém os índices não aumentaram mesmo com o aumento da produtividade e número de colaboradores. Também se conclui que independente da hierarquia os trabalhadores percebem a importância, conhecem e através de sua opinião demonstraram satisfação com o serviço da ergonomia. Sugere-se novos estudos com empresas com maior número amostral e também um estudo aprofundado sobre os motivos de afastamentos para combate-los.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE PACIENTES ATENDIDOS NA CLÍNICA DE FISIOTERAPIA DE UM FRIGORÍFICO: UM ESTUDO RETROSPECTIVO
Authors: Borges Yasmin Dos Santos , Bagatini Maria Amélia , Galvan Tatiana Cecagno
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Traçar um perfil epidemiológico de pacientes/funcionários atendidos na clínica de fisioterapia de um frigorífico do Rio Grande do Sul. Método: A pesquisa caracteriza-se como observacional de caráter retrospectivo. A população foi composta por 49 fichas de atendimento. O critério de inclusão foi possuir fichas de atendimento fisioterapêutico completas e os critérios de exclusão foram possuir fichas incompletas, ou possuir fichas repetidas (fichas de reavaliação). Todas as análises estatísticas foram realizadas no programa SPSS versão 8.0 e p significativo quando menor que 0,05. Resultados: Dentre os pacientes, identificou-se prevalência do sexo masculino, casados, com mediana de idade em 36 anos e baixo nível de escolaridade. O setor de produção foi o que apresentou mais queixas (46,9%) e os segmentos mais apontados com presença de desconforto foi o membro superior (46,7%). Analisando as comparações identificou-se significância entre local da queixa e sexo do trabalhador, onde mulheres têm mais queixa de dor torácica (p=0,044) e cervical (p=0,053) em relação aos homens. Conclusão: Esses dados demonstram a necessidade da fisioterapia preventiva para auxiliar no diagnóstico das causas destes desconfortos com posterior plano de ação para erradica-los. Sugere-se que sejam realizados novos estudos de caráter epidemiológico para assim criar um perfil mais amplo e fidedigno, visto que a amostra desse estudo foi pequena. Também sugere-se novos estudos verificando quais os motivos dos desconfortos estarem ocorrendo com  maior frequência neste segmento.
A FUNCIONALIDADE E QUALIDADE DE VIDA EM CRIANÇAS COM PARALISIA CEREBRAL BILATERAL E UNILATERAL
Authors: De Queiroz Luise Ferreira , Delboni Miriam Cabrera Corvelo , Missio Marciane Montagner , Trevisan Claudia Morais
Published: November 2020

O estudo buscou investigar a associação de instrumentos para avaliação da funcionalidade em crianças com Paralisia Cerebral baseado no componente atividade e participação da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, do tipo descritivo, por meio de levantamento de dados através da Medida de Função Motora Grossa, Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade e Questionário de Qualidade de Vida de Crianças com Paralisia Cerebral. A análise dos dados foi por estatística descritiva, sendo os dados apresentados em média e desvio padrão. A amostra por conveniência do estudo foi composta por crianças com diagnóstico de Paralisia bilateral e unilateral. No estudo 52% (n=10) possuíam Paralisia Unilateral e 48% (n=9) bilateral. No instrumento Medida de Função, a pontuação não obteve variação significativa para o tipo bilateral e unilateral da Paralisia. No Inventário, as crianças com Paralisia bilateral alcançaram escores maiores nas habilidades funcionais e inferiores na área de assistência do cuidador. O Questionário evidenciou as crianças com Paralisia bilateral tem maior qualidade de vida. A distribuição topográfica da Paralisia em bilateral e unilateral, não foi determinante para definir a funcionalidade. Os fatores contextuais (físico, social e atitudinal) manifestaram influência substancial, pois condições físicas dos ambientes e atitudes dos cuidadores surgiram como aspectos principais. Os instrumentos mostraram-se eficientes na avaliação do componente atividade e participação, por fornecer uma melhor compreensão das capacidades e desempenho em situações de vida.
Changing Recognition and the End of Authority — about the Fate of Russian and Soviet Literature in China
Authors:   Nanjing University, Dong Xiao
Published: November 2020

Since the 1980s, Russian and Soviet literature has been met with a cold response from Chinese readers. Although there are some historical reasons for this situation, it is quite unfortunate. In the 1950s and 1960s, Russian literature was irrationally regarded as the best literature in the whole world by most Chinese readers, a distorted an incorrect perception. These phenomena have largely caused the indifference of Chinese readers today. Over the past 100 years, Chinese modern literature consciously accepted the influence of Russian literature, and the images of Russian literature changed according to different situations in the course of development in China. The positive and negative consequences of this influence depend on the various concepts and borrowing methods by modern Chinese writers. In the 1980s with the beginning of the reforms and openness, the horizons of the Chinese readers broadened, and they started to fully realize what foreign literature was. At that time Russian and Soviet literature was just a small part of foreign literature and could not dominate the landscape. The relationship between Chinese and Russian literature became independent in many ways. Today’s studies of Russian-Chinese literary relations should continue to examine this phenomenon, find cultural factors that support it and look for unappreciated spiritual sources in Russian and Soviet literature. Additionally, the shared problems that modern Russian and Chinese literature face should be investigated.
Half-century of Sociopolitical Transformations in Yemen in Habib Saruri’s Columnist Style Novels
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Suvorov Mikhail N.
Published: November 2020

After the unification of North and South Yemen into a single state in 1990, some Yemeni writers tried to rethink in a literary form the country’s recent past, which was presented in the literature of the previous period in an ideologically embellished form. One of the first authors to do so was Habib Saruri, a Yemeni-born computer scientist who lives permanently in France. In his first novel, The Ruined Queen (1998), he described the life of South Yemen in the first half of the 1970s, during the period of active implementation of the theory of scientific socialism in the country. The success of the novel encouraged Saruri to continue writing, and to date he has published nine novels. In most of his works, the writer focuses on the sociopolitical transformations that Yemen has gone through over the past half-century, including the socialist experiment of the 1970–80s and the civil war of 1986 in the South, the consequences of this war for the losing side, the process of rapprochement and unification of the two parts of Yemen, the civil war of 1994 in the united Yemen and its consequences for the South, the spread of radical Islamism, the revolution of 2011 and further political chaos, the Houthis’ attempt to capture Aden in 2015, and the current military campaign of the Arab coalition against the Houthis. Saruri treats the events of Yemen’s modern history boldly and straightforwardly, in a manner characteristic of a columnist, and most of his works resemble journalism, presented in the form of a novel. This article examines the picture of the modern history of Yemen presented in six of Saruri’s novels: The Ruined Queen (1998), Damlan (2004), The Bird of Destruction (2005), Suslov’s Daughter (2014), The Grandson of Sinbad (2016), and Revelation (2018).
Prophet Sulaymān in Classical Persian Poetry: Semantics and Structure of the Image
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moiseeva Anna V.
Published: November 2020

The article discusses structure, semantic content, and functioning of the image of the Qur’anic prophet Sulaymān (Biblical Solomon) in Persian medieval poetry. Analysis of the poetic material leads to a conclusion about the main spheres of application of this image and its semantic connotations both in eulogistic and religious-mystical poetry. The article defines the main motifs of the Qur’anic story of this prophet that became a part of Persian poetic tradition and how they relate to the various themes that poets touch upon. For instance, motives of Sulaymān’s power over winds and demons, as well as images of his throne and the ring that gave him that power, were used primarily in eulogies when poets compared their patrons to the legendary king. A special place in Sufi poetry is occupied by the image of the hoopoe and the motif of the bird’s language that reveal topics of a disciple-mentor relationship and leadership in the path of mystical knowledge. As a global characteristic of Sulaymān’s image, we can outline its ambivalence which has its roots in the biblical narrative, where along with wisdom one can find mention of Solomon’s arrogance. Further exegetical tradition speaks of dethronement of Sulaymān by a demon as a punishment for arrogance. Later on, these themes can be found in Persian literature in the form of motifs of humility and frailty of the earthly life, which gained special meaning in the context of didactic and mystical poetry.
Written at the Service of Oral: Topolect Literature Movement in Hong Kong
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Dreyzis Yulia A.
Published: November 2020

The article describes the history of the Topolect Literature Movement (TLM), which developed in Hong Kong in the 1940s, and analyzes its typological features. TLM was one of the most radical projects implemented to replace writing in the national standard language based on northern dialects with writing in the local language variety (Cantonese / Yue). This variety was a non-northern idiom that performed the function of the L-language in diglossia. TLM authors did not try to break the connection between the written language and its oral form: many, primarily poetic, texts were somehow intended for public performance; in other types of texts, a close connection with the spoken language was supported by the strong presence of a narrator. Texts were recorded using Chinese characters (a standard character with an identical / similar reading was used to write down a topolect morpheme, or a character using it as a phonetic element indicating reading was created). The final failure of TLM, in addition to purely political factors, can be explained by a shift in attention from the urban literate audience to peasants. This resulted from the attitudes of the Chinese Communist Party that functioned in a rural environment, very different from the urban one, where TLM writers who sympathized with leftist ideas actually lived and worked. The prevalence of traditional poetic forms reflected a bias towards the traditional culture of the rural community. The willingness to focus on a local audience, even to the detriment of the national language unity, created a potential conflict with the aspirations of most of the Chinese intellectual elite who were determined to solve the problem of nation-building. Nevertheless, TLM serves as a unique example of the rapid development of writing in one of the Chinese topolects in the checkered twentieth century.
From Western Knowledge to a National Textbook: The Evolution of Li Quanshi’s Socio-economic Views
Authors:   Institute of Far Eastern Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borokh Olga N.
Published: November 2020

The article analyzes the scholarly legacy of Li Quanshi as part of the history of intellectual interactions between China and the West in the Republican Period. Having been educated in the United States, in the early 1920s Li Quanshi used Western economic theories to develop a model of administrative and fiscal decentralization in China. He denounced “the communism of revenue” between different levels of government in China, pointed to the failure of a despotic centralized bureaucracy, and called to transfer financial authority to the level of provincial assemblies. Later, Li Quanshi’s views evolved from liberalism to the support of government intervention in the economy. Numerous publications by Li Quanshi impacted the process of the formation of Chinese economics in the Republican Period. He proposed to produce a “national textbook” in economics that took into account the Chinese realities. Li Quanshi set the goal of moving from copying and rendering foreign books to creating China’s own internationally competitive academic writings. The scholar relied upon the division of economics, widely accepted in the West, into production, distribution, exchange, and consumption, but its application to traditional Chinese material generated new results. In the first history of Chinese economic thought written in the Chinese language Li Quanshi interpreted and structured traditional heritage using Western concepts. His determination to introduce Chinese characteristics into economic research has stimulated increased attention to the issues of consumption and the role of the state in the economy. It is concluded that Li Quanshi’s ideas of the 1920s and 1930s have regained relevance in the context of the current official policy of support to “social sciences with Chinese characteristics”.
Impact of climate change on the hydrology of a semi-arid river basin of India under hypothetical and projected climate change scenarios
Authors: Desai Sujeet , Singh D. K. , Islam Adlul , Sarangi A.
Published: November 2020

Climate change impact on the hydrology of the Betwa river basin, located in the semi-arid region of Central India, was assessed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), driven by hypothetical scenarios and Model of Interdisciplinary Research on Climate version 5 (MIROC5) Global Circulation Model projections. SWAT-Calibration and Uncertainty Programs (SWAT-CUP) was used for calibration and validation of SWAT using multi-site streamflow data. The coefficient of determination, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency, RMSE-observations standard deviation ratio and percent bias during calibration and validation period varied from 0.83–0.92, 0.6–0.91, 0.3–0.63 and −19.8–19.3, respectively. MIROC5 projections revealed an increase in annual mean temperature in the range of 0.7–0.9 °C, 1.2–2.0 °C and 1.1–3.1 °C during the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively. Rainfall is likely to increase in the range of 0.4–9.1% and 5.7–15.3% during the 2050s and 2080s, respectively. Simulation results indicated 3.8–29% and 12–48% increase in mean annual surface runoff during the 2050s and 2080s, respectively. Similarly, an increase of 0.2–3.0%, 2.6–4.2% and 3.5–6.2% in mean annual evapotranspiration is likely during the 2020s, 2050s and 2080s, respectively. These results could be used for developing suitable climate change adaptation plans for the river basin.
Evaluation of bacterial contamination and mutagenic potential of treated wastewater from Al-Samra wastewater treatment plant in Jordan
Authors: AL-Quraan Nisreen A. , Abu-Rub Lubna I. , Sallal Abdel-Kareem
Published: November 2020

Jordan is one of the lowest countries in the world in terms of water resources. The reuse of treated wastewater is an important alternative to supply agricultural demands for water. In Jordan, Kherbet Al-Samra wastewater treatment plant (KSWWTP) is the largest and its effluent is mainly used for irrigation purposes. In this study, bacterial contamination and mutagenic potential were evaluated in six sites, beginning with KSWWTP and ending with King Tallal Dam. The results showed high contamination with many pathogenic bacteria and coliforms. The isolated pathogenic bacteria were Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. The isolated opportunistic pathogenic bacteria were Acinetobacter lwoffii, Elizabethkingia meningosepticum, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus licheniformis. These bacteria were found in all sampling sites without a specific prevalence pattern. Differences in temperature between seasons affect total coliform and other bacterial count. All water samples showed positive mutagenic activity and high bacterial pollution. Improving the disinfection efficiency in the wastewater treatment plant is important to minimize potential toxicity and exposure of public health to pathogenic bacteria, reduce water resources' contamination and environmental pollution. Increasing effluent sampling frequency from KSWWTP is required to monitor bacterial contamination and toxicity/mutagenicity level for water safety and public health risk assessments.
Mesoporous structure regulation of activated carbons and effects on the synergistic efficacy of synchronous adsorption and bio-degradation in biological activated carbon process
Authors: Gong Xu-Jin , Dong Yu-Qi , Li Wei-Guang
Published: November 2020

Mesoporous activated carbon MCGL-4 was tailored for simultaneous enhancement of adsorption and bio-degradation by multistage depth-activation (MDA). Synergistic efficacy of synchronous adsorption and bio-degradation was evaluated in pilot-scale bio-enhanced activated carbon (BEAC) system. Results identified that MCGL-4 obtains synchronously well-developed meso- (0.7605 cm3/g), micro- (0.2655 cm3/g) and macro-porous (0.143 cm3/g) structures. Higher volume during 20.4–208.2 Å (0.6848 cm3/g) ensured higher adsorption capacities for natural organic matters (NOM). The initial immobilized biomass and stabilities on MCGL-4 were also significantly promoted. Rapid small-scale column tests system (RSSCTs) tests showed that adsorption capacities for humic-like organics were 67,725.32 mg·DOC/(kg·carbon) at 39.50 m3·H2O/(kg·carbon). In BEAC system, MCGL-4 achieved higher removal efficiency for fulvic acid, humic acid and aromatic organic matters than commercial carbons. At 39.50 m3·H2O/(kg·carbon), cumulative uptake of organic-pollutants achieved by MCGL-4 was 94,850.51 mg·DOC/(kg·carbon). The proportion occupied by bio-degradation were 31,674.70 mg·DOC/(kg·carbon). It also confirmed that bio-degradation ability was much higher than commercial carbons after mesoporous structures regulation by MDA process.
Evaluation of a human-associated genetic marker for Escherichia coli (H8) for fecal source tracking in Thailand
Authors: Nopprapun Pimchanok , Boontanon Suwanna Kitpati , Harada Hidenori , Surinkul Nawatch , Fujii Shigeo
Published: November 2020

High levels of microbial fecal pollution are a major concern in many countries. A human-associated genetic marker for Escherichia coli (H8) has recently been developed for fecal source tracking. The assessment of the H8 marker performance is crucial before it can be applied as a suitable method for fecal source tracking in each country. The performance (specificity and sensitivity) of the H8 marker was evaluated by using non-target host groups (cattle, buffalo, chicken, duck, and pig feces) and target host groups (influent and effluent from a wastewater treatment plant and septages). SYBR based real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) was done on 400 E. coli isolates from non-target and target host groups after E. coli isolation. It was found that the specificity from animal feces samples collected in Thailand was 96%. Moreover, influent, effluent, and septage samples showed the values of the sensitivity at 18, 12, and 36%, respectively. All of the non-target host groups were found to be significantly different with positive proportions from the target host group (septage samples) (p ≤ 0.01). Based on the results, this marker is recommended for use as a human-associated E. coli marker for identifying sources of fecal pollution in Thailand.
The Role of MIF in Hepatic Function, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Thioacetamide-induced Liver Injury in Mice: Protective Effects of Betaine
Authors: Vukićević Dušan , Rovčanin Branislav , Gopčević Kristina , Stanković Sanja , Vučević Danijela , Jorgačević Bojan , Mladenović Dušan , Vesković Milena , Samardžić Janko , Ješić Rada , Radosavljević Tatjana
Published: November 2020

Background:

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multipotent
cytokine that contributes to the inflammatory response to chemical liver injury. This cytokine
exhibits pro- and anti-inflammatory effects depending on the etiology and stage of
liver disease.

Objective:

Our study aimed to investigate the role of MIF in oxidative stress and inflammation
in the liver, and modulatory effects of betaine on MIF in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced
chronic hepatic damage in mice.

Methods:

The experiment was performed on wild type and knockout MIF-/- C57BL/6
mice. They were divided into the following groups: control; Bet-group that received betaine
(2% wt/v dissolved in drinking water); MIF-/- mice group; MIF-/-+Bet; TAA-group
that received TAA (200 mg/kg b.w.), intraperitoneally, 3x/week/8 weeks); TAA+Bet;
MIF-/-+TAA, and MIF-/-+TAA+Bet. In TAA- and Bet-treated groups, animals received
the same doses. After eight weeks of treatment, blood samples were collected for biochemical
analysis, and liver specimens were prepared for the assessment of parameters
of oxidative stress and inflammation.

Results:

In MIF-/-mice, TAA reduced transaminases, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, bilirubin,
malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidative protein products (AOPP), total oxidant status (TOS),
C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, IFN-γ, and increased thiols and total antioxidant status
(TAS). Betaine attenuated the mechanism of MIF and mediated effects in TAA-induced
liver injury, reducing transaminases, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, bilirubin, MDA, AOPP,
TOS, CRP, IL-6, IFN-g, and increasing thiols.

Conclusion:

MIF is a mediator in hepatotoxic, pro-oxidative, and proinflammatoryeffects
of TAA-induced liver injury. MIF-targeted therapy can potentially mitigate oxidative
stress and inflammation in the liver, but the exact mechanism of its action requires
further investigation. Betaine increases anti-oxidative defense and attenuates hepatotoxic
effects of MIF, suggesting that betaine can be used for the prevention and treatment of
liver damage.
Insights from Pharmaceutical Biotechnology into Phenolic Biopharmaceuticals against COVID-19
Authors: Cabral-Hipólito Nidia , Molina-Ramírez Brenda , María-de-la-Luz Sevilla-González  , Meza-Velázquez Rocío , García-Garza Rubén , Velázquez Gauna Sergio-Everardo , Castillo-Maldonado Irais , Delgadillo-Guzmán Dealmy , Rivera-Guillén Mario-Alberto , Serrano-Gallardo Luis-Benjamín , María-del-Carmen Vega-Menchaca  , Ramírez-Moreno Agustina , Pedroza-Escobar David
Published: November 2020

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic had infected more than 3.5M people around the
world and more than 250K people died in 187 countries by May 2020. The causal agent of this disease
is a coronavirus whose onset of symptoms to death range from 6 to 41 days with a median of 14 days.
This period is dependent on several factors such as the presence of comorbidities, age and the efficiency
of the innate or adaptive immune responses.

Methods:

The effector mechanisms of both types of immune responses depend on the pathogen involved.
In the case of a viral infection, the innate immune response may approach the harmful virus
through pattern recognition receptors inducing an antiviral state.

Results:

On the other hand, the adaptive immune response activates antibody production to neutralize
or eliminate the virus. Phenolics are plant secondary metabolites with many biological activities for
plants and humans against infection. Chemical modification of proteins may enhance their biological
properties; thus, a protein of medical interest, for instance, a viral protein can be used as a scaffold to
build a biopharmaceutical conjugated or complexated with phenolics exhibiting structural complexity
or biological activities to achieve effective phenolic-protein-based therapeutics like vaccine adjuvant
complexes, immunogen conjugates, and antiviral conjugates.

Conclusion:

Pharmaceutical biotechnology applies the principles of biotechnology to develop biopharmaceuticals
for protein-based therapeutics; such as adjuvants, recombinant proteins, monoclonal
antibodies, and antivirals. As neither a vaccine nor a treatment for COVID-19 is currently available,
this manuscript focuses on insights from pharmaceutical biotechnology into phenolic biopharmaceuticals
against COVID-19.
Design, Synthesis and Primary Immunologic Evaluation of M2e-CRM197 Conjugate as a Universal Influenza Vaccine Candidate
Authors: Xu Lu , Zhang Chun , Zhang Jing , Yu Rong , Su Zhiguo
Published: November 2020

Background:

Influenza is a contagious respiratory illness caused by an acute infection of
influenza viruses, among which influenza A virus causes seasonal epidemic infections nearly every
year. Due to the unpredictability of the evolving influenza A virus and time-consuming vaccine development
cycles, novel universal influenza vaccines designed to induce broadly cross-reactive immune
responses against frequently mutant influenza A virus strains are urgently required.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to synthesize a novel vaccine through the dual-site specific
conjugation of the constant epitope of 23 amino acids (M2e) of the influenza A virus with a highly
immunogenic carrier protein of Cross-Reacting Material (CRM197) under denaturation and to evaluate
its primary immunogenicity in mice.

Methods:

The antigen (M2e) and the carrier protein (CRM197) were linked with different types of
hetero-functionalized linkers, α-Maleimide-ε-Hydrazide Polyethylene Glycol 2k (MAL-PEG-HZ)
and N-β-Maleimidopropionic Acid Hydrazide (BMPH) separately. The immunogenicity of the
M2e-CRM197 conjugates with different types of linkers was evaluated in mice, and the M2especific
total IgG and IgG-isotypes were determined by ELISA.

Results:

Immunogenicity studies revealed that anti-M2e antibody could be induced by the conjugate
products, M2e-PEG-CRM197 and M2e-BMPH-CRM197, by approximately 30 and 90-fold higher
than that of the M2e group. In addition, the anti-M2e antibody level induced by M2e-PEG-CRM197
conjugate was three times higher than that of M2e-BMPH-CRM197 conjugate, and the former could
simultaneously activate both cellular and humoral immune responses.

Conclusions:

The M2e-CRM197 conjugated vaccines we synthesized in this study are highly immunogenic
compared with M2e alone. Besides, evidence presented here indicated that the hydrophilic,
non-immunogenic and biocompatible chain of the cross-linker might be a better choice for the development
of a conjugate vaccine.
Recent Advances in Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of Nano-Emulsions and their Industrial Applications
Authors: Thakur Parag , Sonawane Shriram , Potoroko Irina , Sonawane Shirish H.
Published: November 2020

Background:

Colloidal systems are used in various industrial and medical applications.
Nanoparticles have good physio-chemical properties that enhance the performance of the system.
Nano-emulsions can be synthesized by ultrasonication. Ultrasonication is the simplest method as compared
to other available methods. The purpose of this article is to review the recent advances in ultrasound-
assisted nano-emulsion synthesis and challenges regarding the safety of the nano-emulsion.

Methods:

Application of the nano-emulsions in the various industrial and medical processes like drug
delivery process, food industry, pesticide industry and cosmetics industry is also reviewed.

Results:

Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of nano-emulsions is a simple method as compared to other
synthesis methods of the nano-emulsions. Nano-emulsions have potential applications in the cosmetic,
drug delivery, pesticides and industry.

Conclusion:

Fabrication of the nano-emulsions is different for each application and product. Physiochemical
properties should be strictly monitored in the nano-emulsions as they influence the efficiency
of the nano-emulsions greatly. Ostwald ripening is the main phenomenon for the nano-emulsions
mechanism.
Application of Contemporary Neuroproteomic Techniques in Unravelling Neurological Disorders
Authors: Khurana Mallika , Rahman Syed Obaidur , Najmi Abul Kalam , Pottoo Faheem Hyder , Akhtar Md Sayeed
Published: November 2020

:

Decades of research has stunned us with the very distinctive anatomy and physiology of
our brain, and on the other hand, its complexity has always posed great difficulty in treating its dysfunction
or damage. Understanding the brain under normal and, particularly in the diseased state,
has always been very challenging and would have been impossible without proteomics. Neuroproteomic
techniques have been extensively used for unraveling both dynamics and content of the proteome
of our nervous system. This modern-day investigation and quantification of protein concentration
and expression have given us a platform that enhances our knowledge on disease-associated
processes and pathways modification and also leads to the identification of possible biomarkers
that can be therapeutically targeted. With an increased interest in identifying and targeting possible
biomarkers, this article focuses on describing applications of the much discussed neuroproteomics,
with a significant role in the disease pathogenesis of some very common neurological disorders.
This article will collectively discuss the use and relevance of neuroproteomics in a range of neurological
diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and
psychiatric disorders. We have also attempted to present the current successes and failures of the
neuroproteomics approach on the results obtained from different clinical studies that targeted biomarkers
associated with any particular neurological disorder.
Novel Carbamοyloxy Analogues of Tamoxifen: Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Bioactivity Evaluation
Authors: Kasiotis Konstantinos M. , Lambrinidis George , Fokialakis Nikolas , Haroutounian Serkos A.
Published: November 2020

Background:

Tamoxifen (TAM), a non-steroidal antiestrogen, constitutes the endocrine
treatment of choice against breast cancer. Since its inauguration, substantial effort has been devoted
towards the design and synthesis of TAM’s analogues aiming to improve its bioactivity and reveal
their structure-activity relationship.

Objective:

One of the most studied synthetic features of TAM’s structure is the ether side chain,
which is strongly related to its positioning into the active site of the Estrogen Receptors (ERα and
ERβ). Herein, we present the application of a straightforward route for the efficient synthesis of
selected novel carbamoyloxy analogues of TAM and the evaluation of their respective binding affinities
to the Estrogen Receptors α and β.

Methods:

A one-pot reaction was applied for the construction of TAM’s triarylethylene core moiety,
which subsequently was derivatized to provide efficiently the target carbamoyloxy analogues of
TAM. The Z and E isomers of the latter were separated using RP-HPLC-UV and their binding affinities
to ERα and ERβ were measured.

Results:

Among all compounds synthesized, the dimethyl derivative was determined as the most
potent for both receptors, displaying binding affinity values comparable to TAM, though the Zdiethyl
analogue maintained substantial affinity to both ERs. The aforementioned results were further
studied by theoretical calculations and molecular modelling to delineate a concordance among
calculations and biological activity.

Conclusion:

Approach applied herein permitted the extraction of a useful structure-activity relationship
correlation pattern highlighting the importance of a chemically stabilized tamoxifen side chain.
Can Nutrition Play a Role as a Stimulant for COVID 19 in Children?
Authors: Kesavelu Dhanasekhar , Franklyn Nithya , Sreedharan Lekha
Published: November 2020

Background:

Nutrition plays a major part in the growth and well-being of a child and forms the basis of their
existence. A global pandemic like COVID19 poses some serious questions and challenges in the minds of practicing
pediatricians as what support to offer our children, theirparents and carers-alleviating their anxiety about their child’s diet
and nutrition, that is critical at this time of crisis. Although the evidence for pediatric nutrition and COVID19 is not
strong, this article aims to critically look into pediatric nutrition during COVID19 pandemic and bring the most recent
evidence into limelight and making the right choices with pediatric nutrition.

Methods:

We performed a search on recent literature using the search terms “Covid19” + “Children”
+ “Nutrition” to analyze the current evidence supporting nutrition as a stimulant for covid19.
A review article based on the above search results was written to highlight the importance of nutrition
during this pandemic.

Results:

Strong recommendations remain unchanged for breast feeding, healthy complimentary feeding, use of
supplemental formula where appropriate, Oral nutritional supplements, Zinc, n-3& n- 6 fatty acids, probiotics all have a
certain role to play as a stimulant for Covid19 in children.

Conclusion:

Current evidence emphasizes the use of additional nutritional supplements especially in the “at risk” groups,
low socio-economic status and children with chronic medical problems. Paediatric nutrition should never be overlooked
and “one size does not fit all” as every child is different and their individual nutritional needs vary. This review points at
the importance nutrition as a stimulant to covid19 in the pediatric population.
The Possible Regulatory Mechanisms of Aqueous, Ethyl Acetate and NHexane Fractions of the Ribes khorassanicum Extract on Acute Hypertension in Rats
Authors: Mohebbati Reza , Kamkar-Del Yasamin , Shafei Mohammad N.
Published: November 2020

Objective:

Our previous studies showed the antihypertensive effect of Ribes khorassanicum
(R. khorassanicum), a medicinal herb growing in the North Khorasan Province of Iran. For
further evaluation, the present study investigated the effect of n-hexane (HX), ethyl acetate (EA),
and aqueous (AQ) fractions of hydroalcoholic R. khorassanicum extract on cardiovascular responses
in angiotensin II (AngII) and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) hypertensive rats.

Methods:

Wistar rats were randomly divided into 11 groups (n=5): 1) control, 2) AngII (50 ng/kg,
i.v), 3) AngII + losartan (Los, 10 mg/kg, i.p), 4) L-NAME (10 mg/kg, i.v), 5) L-NAME+ sodium nitroprusside
(SNP) (50 mg/kg, i.p), 6, 7, 8) one dose of each fraction of R. khorassanicum
(AQ/EA/HX (50 mg/kg, i.p)) +AngII, Los 9, 10, 11) one dose of each fraction of R. khorassanicum
(AQ/EA/HX (50 mg/kg, i.p)) + L-NAME. Treated rats received three fractions 30 min before the
injection of L-NAME and AngII in separate groups. The cardiovascular parameters were recorded
by the Power Lab instrument via an angiocath inserted into the femoral artery. The peak changes
(Δ) of Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), and Heart Rate (HR) in treated
groups were compared with those of the hypertensive and control groups.

Result:

AngII and L-NAME significantly increased ΔMAP and ΔSBP and attenuated by pretreatment
of Los and SNP, respectively. Pretreatment with polar (AQ) and semipolar (EA) fractions of
R. khorassanicum reduced the peak changes of MAP and SBP in both AngII and L-NAME-treated
groups. Only the fraction of the herb attenuated the HR increased in the L-NAME group. The HR
in other groups did not demonstrate any significant difference.

Conclusion:

All fractions of R. khorassanicum have an antihypertensive effect. However, the effect
of polar fractions is more salient. It is also conceivable that the antihypertensive effect of fractions
is mostly mediated by the inhibition of AngII.
Serum Markers as a Predictor of Hepatic Fibrosis Compared to Fibroscan in chronic hepatitis B Infected Egyptian patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Badawi Rehab , Soliman Hanan , Ziada Dina , Elhendawy Mohammed , Abd-Elsalam Sherief , Salama Marwa , Soliman Shaimaa , Gameaa Reham , Hawash Nehad
Published: November 2020

Background & Aims:

The gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) to platelet ratio (GPR), the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to albumin (GAR) and S-index are novel biomarkers suggested to assess liver fibrosis. The aim of the work was to assess the correlation between GGT and other related markers as GAR and GPR among other previous documented markers and the degree of fibrosis and steatosis in chronic HBV Egyptian patients as measured by fibroscan.

Materials And Methods:

After ethical approval of the protocol, a total of 170 chronic HBV patients were recruited from tropical medicine department, Tanta University. They underwent fibroscan examination for fibrosis and steatosis measurement with concomitant testing of liver functions and complete blood picture. Proposed serum markers were calculated. The relation between these ratios with the fibrosis and steatosis measured by fibroscan were tested using Pearson rank correlation.

Results:

There was a highly significant positive correlation between gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and platelet ratio (GPR), GAR, GGT, Fib4, APRI and fibrosis (p=<0.001, <0.001,<0.001,<0.001,0.011 and <0.001 respectively), while there was no correlation with the degree of steatosis (p=0.922,0.66,0.936,0.214,0.591 and 0.760 respectively). Also these markers were significantly higher in patients with higher grades of fibrosis (f2-4) (p= 0.007,0.013,<0.001,0.018,0.029,and 0.002 respectively), they also showed high sensitivity and low specificity in detecting higher grades of fibrosis with no statistically significant difference between the AUC of GPR and GAR (p=0.89).

Conclusion:

Noninvasive serum markers including GGT, GPR, GAR, Fib4, APRI, and S-index are positively correlated to the degree of fibrosis in CHB patients with high sensitivity and low specificity. They were good negative tests for diagnosis of significant fibrosis.
Efficient Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biologically Relevant Pregnane Derivatives, and its Glycoside
Authors: Sethi Arun , Singh Ranvijay Pratap , Bhatia Akriti , Yadav Priyanka
Published: November 2020

Objective::

In the present research article, we synthesized novel pregnane derivatives from 16-
dehydropregnenolone acetate (1) obtained by the degradation of naturally occurring plant productdiosgenin.
The oxime esters, 3β-acetoxy-pregn-5,16-diene, 20-one O-(2-(6-methoxynaphthalene-2yl)
propionyl) oxime (5) and 3β-hydroxy-pregn-5, 16-diene, 20-one O-(2-(4-isobutyl phenyl) propionyl)
oxime (6) have been synthesized by reaction of 3β-acetoxy-5,16-pregnadien-20-oxime (3) with NSAIDs
Ibuprofen and naproxen, respectively.

Methods::

The epoxide derivative 3β-hydroxy-16α, 17α-epoxypregn-5-ene-20-one (4) was opened by
BF3.Et2O and yielding product 3,16-di-hydroxy pregn-5-ene-20-one (7) and 3,16,17-tri-hydroxy pregn-5-
ene-20-one (8), both the synthesized compounds underwent esterification with Ibuprofen affording 3,16-
di-(2-(4-isobutyl phenyl) propionoxy) pregn-5-ene-20-one (9) and 3,16-di-(2-(4-isobutyl phenyl)
propionoxy) 17-hydroxy pregn-5-ene-20-one (10), respectively.

Results:

A one novel pregnane glycoside 3β-[2′,3′,4′,6′-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopy-ranosyl]-Oxy-20β-
hydroxy-16α-methoxy-pregn-5-ene (15) has also been synthesized from 3β, 20β-dihydroxy-16α-methoxypregn-
5-ene (12).

Conclusion:

After the synthesis, all the compounds have been characterized by modern spectroscopic techniques.
Effect of Colchicine on In Vitro Growth and Ploidicity of Crown Vetiver Plant (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash)
Authors:   Department of Biology, University of Brawijaya, Sinta Anisa Firmandanur , Widoretno Wahyu
Published: November 2020

The goal of this research was to evaluate the effect of colchicine on the formation and growth of shoot from explant crowns by in vitro, as well as to obtain polyploidy vetiver plant (Vetiveriazizanioides L. Nash). Induction of polyploidy vetiver plants carried out by culturing explant crowns on MS media supplemented by 2 mg.L-1 BAP and colchicine (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 mg.L-1) for three weeks. Explant and formed shoot regenerated on MS media containing 1 mg.L-1 NAA. The generated plantlets acclimatized on the growing media (cocopeat: husk charcoal: compost = 1: 1: 2). Plant ploidy level of the plants regenerated from treated explant estimated by chromosome counting in root tips. The effect of colchicine on media was able to induce polyploidy in vetiver plants. Five mixoploids were obtained from explant treated colchicine. The vetiver mixoploid plants obtained were 20% and 62.5% from colchicine 60 mg.L-1 and 90 mg.L-1, respectively. The vetiver mixoploid plants consist of diploid (2n=2x=20) and triploid cells (2n=3x=30) or diploid (2n=2x=20) and tetraploid (2n=4x=40). The addition of colchicine in concentrations above 30 mg.L-1 caused inhibition of shoot formation and growth, even a concentration of 120 mg.L-1 caused explant death. However, 30 mg.L-1 colchicine could increase the number of formed shoots, while only 60 mg.L-1 and 90 mg.L-1 could be induced the mixoploidy in the vetiver plant. The results showed that colchicine treatment could increase ploidicity in vetiver plants in vitro, but caused inhibition of shoot formation and growth.