bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EL DELITO DE GENOCIDIO: DESARROLLO TEÓRICO Y NORMATIVO EN EL DERECHO PENAL NACIONAL E INTERNACIONAL. A PROPÓSITO DEL CASO DE SREBRENICA
Authors: Jiménez Solano Francisco
Published: January 2025

Este artículo busca analizar el delito de genocidio, iniciando por un repaso general sobre su desarrollo histórico y dogmático, sus modalidades de comisión y el ámbito de protección de una especie delictiva especialmente compleja. Posteriormente, se examina la regulación sobre el genocidio, contenida en el Código Penal costarricense, y se contrasta con las disposiciones internacionales, determinándose que la figura nacional es deficiente en su formulación, incoherente con el resto del ordenamiento jurídico en su penalidad y, finalmente, inaplicable en un nivel práctico, si se respetan los principios de legalidad y prohibición de analogía. Además, se plantean problemas en cuanto a la responsabilidad del superior de naturaleza culposa y a la responsabilidad por omisión. Se procede entonces a revisar las líneas jurisprudenciales generales trazadas por el Tribunal Penal Internacional para la ex Yugoslavia, en los casos asociados al genocidio de Srebrenica, con la finalidad de determinar si este desarrollo permite solventar las lagunas existentes en la legislación nacional. Si bien podría utilizarse una figura como la de la Empresa Criminal Conjunta (JCE) para acreditar un dominio común del hecho, solo una reforma legislativa, se concluye, podría solucionar los problemas de tipicidad objetiva y subjetiva existentes, pues ni siquiera en los casos de los crímenes más groseros contra la humanidad, puede negociarse el respeto a los principios protectores del Derecho Penal, máxime cuando el propio Derecho Internacional ha marcado la pauta sobre cómo debe tipificarse el genocidio.
EXCUSA ABSOLUTORIA PARA EL COHECHADOR ACTIVO EN EL PERÚ: UNA ESTRATEGIA NORMATIVA
Authors: Palomino Martinez Rolando , Gonzales del Valle Tenorio Sheyla , Mayhua Quispe Luis
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo tiene como objeto analizar la excusa absolutoria como estrategia normativa regulatoria que prioriza la persecución penal de los funcionarios sobre los particulares en el delito de cohecho; por lo tanto, el estudio adopta el enfoque metodológico cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo-explicativo, con diseño documental, permitiendo analizar sistemáticamente la bibliografía vinculado al tema de investigación. En el Perú la corrupción es el principal problema criminal del país, ya que existe ineficacia normativa y ausencia de regulación estratégica para no desincentivar a los individuos a denunciar los casos de corrupción, a este panorama se añade el inconveniente de la naturaleza clandestina del ilícito penal denominado cohecho, que no hace posible conocer cifras reales de su concurrencia debido a que el tercero ajeno a la función pública prefiere mantener oculto sus acciones por temor de enfrentarse a la justicia penal, ocultando también el ilícito consumado por el funcionario que acepta el soborno.
Improvement in DSS induced acute enteritis in mice with supplementation of bifidobacteria
Authors: Li Q. , Wu Z. , Sun R. , Liu X. , Luo J. , Chen X. , Zheng J. , Liu R.
Published: January 2025

Bifidobacteria can maintain the ecological balance of intestinal microorganisms and are closely linked to the onset and progression of acute enteritis. Present research aimed to investigate the alleviation of DSS-induced acute enteritis by bifidobacteria. In vivo colonoscopy was performed in mice to observe the colorectal mucosa and the pathological damage of colon tissue and the colonic expression of tight junction proteins (Occludin, Claudin-1, ZO-1) and inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1b, IL-6). The colon mucosa tissue samples were collected for bacterial 16S DNA sequencing and transcriptome sequencing. The intervention of bifidobacteria could effectively alleviate the trend of weight loss and colonic trauma in mice with DSS-induced acute enteritis. The bifidobacteria effectively restored expression of tight junction proteins (Occludin, Claudin-1, and ZO-1) and decreased expression of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1b, IL-6). Bifidobacterium longum proved to be the most effective (P < 0.05). The altered composition of gut microbiota was reflected in the increase of the relative abundances of Dubosiella spp. in the B. longum treated group. The results suggested that bifidobacteria could repair intestinal barrier function, relieve the colon inflammation, and improve intestinal microbiota disorder; and B. longum demonstrated the best efficacy in mice with DSS-induced acute enteritis.
Analyzing large-scale freediving competition data with a special focus on gender differences
Authors: Bittmann F.
Published: January 2025

Large multinational associations such as the International Association for the Development of Apnea (AIDA) or the Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS) hold freediving competitions regularly and provide the results to the general public. Their databases are a highly reliable source for analyzing overall freediving results in the three most relevant disciplines (static breath holding, STA; distance freediving, DYN; deep freediving, CWT). For the first time, we analyze these large-scale datasets (N > 11,000; share of women = 33%) and report a wide range of descriptive results such as median outcomes based on personal bests: STA 256 s; DYN 102 m; CWT 46.5 m. The correlations between the three disciplines are between 0.52 and 0.65. Regression analyses reveal that men have better freediving results than women, on average, with an advantage of between 7.5% and 10%, depending on the discipline. Quantile regression models demonstrate that the gender gap grows with overall performance. It is the largest among elite freedivers but smaller among low- or average-performance freedivers.
The impact of customer involvement of innovation outcomes: The role of moderator variables
Authors: Pörzse Gábor Ferenc , Katona Ádám , Keszey Tamara
Published: January 2025

Theoretically anchored in the Resource Based View of the firm, this study investigates the effect that customer involvement has on innovation outcomes. Our results, based on structural equation modeling of survey data from 296 Hungarian firms, show that involving customers does not lead directly to better financial incomes, instead the link between innovation performance and customer involvement is mediated by innovation novelty. This finding contributes to a more nuanced understanding of how customer involvement helps innovation outcomes. The findings highlight the role of contingency by showing that differentiation strategy positively, and knowledge sharing negatively moderate the positive effect of customer involvement on innovativeness. The study concludes with valuable theoretical and managerial implications and suggestions for future research.
Management tactics of patients with acute stenosing laryngotracheitis (a review of the guidelines of medical communities)
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Marushko Yu.V. , Khomych O.V. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: January 2025

Acute stenosing laryngotracheitis (croup) is a clinical syndrome manifested by a barking cough, inspiratory stridor, hoarseness of voice and is accompanied by difficulty breathing. After establishing the diagnosis, it is necessary to carefully determine the degree of its severity in order to prescribe optimal therapy.
The aim of this article is to generalize and analyze the management tactics of patients with acute stenotic laryngotracheitis (croup).
Modern publications, clinical guidelines, national and international protocols were analyzed. Literature was searched in scientific databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The main approach to the medical treatment of croup is the use of agents that effectively reduce swelling of the mucous membrane of the subligamentous space and increase the lumen of the respiratory tract. To achieve this goal, systemic corticosteroids, inhaled corticosteroids, and racemic epinephrine are prescribed. In the treatment of croup, systemic corticosteroids can be used in different forms: orally, intramuscularly, intravenously, or rectally. Oral administration is the preferred method of systemic corticosteroid administration, especially in the age group of 6 months to 3 years. According to the guidelines, budesonide, which is used through a nebulizer, is an effective method of treating croup in children, especially in cases where oral administration of drugs is not possible due to repeated episodes of vomiting. The use of racemic epinephrine or epinephrine by nebulizer is the recommended first step in the treatment of a child with persistent inspiratory stridor at rest and marked chest wall retraction.
Conclusions. The main aspects of the tactics of managing patients with croup in the ward are timely diagnosis and adequate medical intervention in order to prevent complications. Effective treatment of croup requires a comprehensive approach that includes the integration of systemic and inhaled corticosteroids along with epinephrine for immediate relief of symptoms. Scientific studies point to the need for continuous improvement of clinical protocols in order to optimize the treatment of this serious medical problem related to croup.
No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Do the Current Accounting Regulations Facilitate the Creation of Provisions for Risks Related to IT Systems?
Authors: Białas Małgorzata
Published: January 2025

Aim: The research objective of the study was to examine whether accounting regulations clearly and precisely define when and how provisions should be created for the effects of risk in the IT area. Moreover, it was considered whether Polish enterprises create such provisions, and if not, why not. Methodology: In connection with these research questions, an analysis of the applicable accounting regulations was carried out. Data from the Central Statistical Office were analyzed in terms of the level of provisions created. Additionally, the results of interviews with accountants were described. Finally, an analysis of the financial statements of two banks was conducted in terms of the value of provisions created for risks related to IT systems. Findings: The analysis of the data from the Central Statistical Office showed a very low level of provisions created by enterprises operating in Poland. As a result of the interviews with accountant, it turned out that the reason for the lack of creation of provisions is the difficulties associated with estimating the amount of such provisions and (relative) sense of security in this respect. Implications: According to the author, the research conducted and the interviews with accountants indicate the lack of appropriate regulations explaining the methods of creating provisions the effects of risk in the IT area. Education regarding the risks that IT systems may generate also seems to be crucial. Originality/value: Researchers mainly deal with general analysis of the level of provisions in enterprises. However, there is a lack of research in the literature on provisions for risk effects in the IT area. The conducted research indicates the desired directions of changes in the accounting regulation of the principles and methods of creating provisions.
On the globalization of the idea of solidarity
Authors: Buttiglione Rocco
Published: January 2025

Solidarność in Poland was not merely a revolt against communism or a move towards capitalism but a Popular Movement advocating for a moral society centred on human community. However, subsequent developments in Poland and Europe have overshadowed this goal, replacing it with the extension of consumerist West European culture to former communist states. The vision of a moral society critiques both communism and unbridled capitalism, suggesting the failure of communism marks not the end of history but the start of a search for more humane ways of life. Today’s dominant social structures face multiple crises: COVID-19, environmental degradation, globalisation, and the erosion of workers’ rights. Addressing these requires global governance and, more importantly, a shift in self-awareness—from individualistic and narcissistic to personalistic and communitarian. We must regain the sense of being a communitarian subject, respecting objective laws for the common good. This represents the globalisation of solidarity’s ethos.
INDICADORES BIBLIOMÉTRICOS E MAPEAMENTO TECNOLÓGICO DO VEÍCULO ELÉTRICO
Authors: Schiavi Marcela Taiane , Hoffmann Wanda Aparecida Machado
Published: January 2025

Os veículos elétricos (VEs) são uma solução estratégica para desafios ambientais, combinando eficiência energética e emissões reduzidas. Este estudo realiza uma análise bibliométrica e mapeamento tecnológico do setor, comparando a posição do Brasil com líderes como China, Estados Unidos e Alemanha. O objetivo é identificar tendências no desenvolvimento nacional. A metodologia inclui dados de bases bibliográficas e de patentes, analisando publicações científicas e registros tecnológicos. Os resultados mostram que a China lidera em baterias e infraestrutura, enquanto o Brasil apresenta baixa produção científica e dependência tecnológica estrangeira. Apesar de sua matriz energética renovável e programas como o Rota 2030, faltam políticas integradas para inovação. Conclui-se que o Brasil precisa fortalecer sua pesquisa científica, integrar academia e setor produtivo e investir em infraestrutura para competir no mercado global de veículos elétricos
A SOBREPOSIÇÃO DE SENTIDO DA (DES)INFORMAÇÃO NA ESTRUTURA DE PODER
Authors: Gonçalves Verônica
Published: January 2025

Através da comunicação, trocamos e produzimos informações, o que possibilita a evolução tecnológica. Sendo as informações vinculadas ao conhecimento, que é uma forma de poder, a disputa discursiva é pela dominação, e não pelo reconhecimento. Dessa forma, considerando os grupos de direita, originados no universo virtual que se difundiram como subculturas online, torna-se possível argumentar sobre a distinção entre o poder comunicativo e administrativo habermasiano. Nesse contexto, a internet, que é uma plataforma singular para a construção social da autonomia, também pode favorecer deterioração da democracia.
Machine learning methods for predicting the durability of concrete materials: A review
Authors: Zhang Mingliang , Kang Ran
Published: January 2025

Evaluating the durability of concrete materials through experimental research is a lengthy, costly, and inefficient process. Traditional empirical formulas offer limited accuracy in predicting durability and fail to guide concrete proportioning based on performance. Consequently, it is crucial to develop new, efficient tools for material quality control and performance prediction. This can be achieved by elucidating the process involved in constructing machine learning (ML) models, delineating the fundamental operating principles and benefits of prevalent algorithms, and critically reviewing the ML-based durability index prediction algorithms and their practical applications and future directions. Furthermore, this study utilizes CiteSpace software to assess the current state of ML research in concrete durability prediction. A comprehensive analysis of the publication volume, research focal points, and emerging trends is conducted. This not only furnishes references for future research but also aims to facilitate more effective utilization of this technology, thereby fostering the development of innovative construction materials and advancing the goal of environmental sustainability.
Temporal trends in fisher catch and effort, and the impact of Covid-19 on inland fisheries: a case study from Gariep Dam, South Africa
Authors: PJ Swanepoel  , LM Barkhuizen  , BR Ellender  , LL van As  , OLF Weyl
Published: January 2025

Hook-and-line fishing is commonly used in South African inland fisheries; however, very little quantitative information on catch and effort exists, even though it is essential to advise management of the sector. To provide information towards management of South Africa’s largest impoundment, the Gariep Dam, roving creel surveys were conducted to quantify annual fish harvest and to identify changes in fisher catch, effort and harvest data in comparison to historic data. The surveys were also conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic which presented an additional opportunity to describe fishery dynamics during the pandemic. Randomly stratified sampling was conducted from November 2020 to October 2021, in which catch and effort data of hook-and-line fishers were collected. Two fishery user groups were encountered: recreational and subsistence users were present, but the fishery was dominated by subsistence fishers. There was a more skewed dominance between these fisher groups than what was found during similar surveys in 2007/2008. Catch per unit effort was similar to previous estimates, at 0.51 kg·fisher-1·h-1 (95% CI:0.47-0.54). There was, however, a significant reduction in fishing effort during the sampling period when compared to historic data, and estimated annual total harvest was only one third of what was previously reported. It was also noted that recreational fishers avoided fishing during the Covid-19 pandemic, whereas the subsistence fishers could not avoid fishing as it is their primary means of livelihood. The results of the study suggested that subsistence fisheries provide valuable livelihood support to communities, and serve as an example on what impacts a crisis such as a global pandemic may have on inland fisheries.
Význam metodického vzdělávání budoucích učitelů českého jazyka pro budoucnost českého menšinového školství v Chorvatské republice
Authors: Burger Maja
Published: January 2025

Cílem tohoto příspěvku je seznámit účastníky konference se vzdělá-vacími modely národnostních menšin v Chorvatské republice s důrazem na českou národnostní menšinu, zvlášť na Model C. Český menšinový Model C, tedy výuka Českého jazyka a kultury, je určena dětem příslušníků české národnostní menšiny v Chorvatské republice, tedy dětem českého původu, ale výuka je přístupná i dal-ším dětem, které se chtějí učit českému jazyku a seznámit se s českou kulturou. Příspěvek poukáže na důležitost a na potřebu metodického vzdělávání studentů, budoucích učitelů v Modelu C, pro budoucnost českého menšinového školství v Chorvatsku. Také popisuje dosavadní příklady praxe a dobré spolupráce s Kated-rou českého jazyka a literatury Filozofické fakulty v Záhřebu a se studenty peda-gogického směru v rámci kolegia Metodika slovanských jazyků se Základní školou Silvija Strahimira Kranjčeviće, tj. s Českou besedou Záhřeb. Příspěvek také na-značí možnost budoucí vědecké, odborné a osvětové práce studentů v rámci české národnostní menšiny.
Measuring the Impact of COVID-19 on Young Adult Functional Capacity: A Comparative Study of Walking and Step Endurance Tests
Authors: Amput Patchareeya , Srithawong Arunrat , Maharan Sinthuporn , Poncumhak Puttipong , Phrompao Patcharin , Wongsaya Eakarach , Promsrisuk Tichanon , Aueyingsak Sahachat
Published: January 2025

Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the functional capacity of young adults recovering from COVID-19 using the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and 2-Minute Step Test (2MST), focusing on cardiovascular parameters, and to examine correlations between these tests, demographic factors, and muscle strength.
Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 34 young participants (mean age: 20.62 years, 88.24 % female), all experiencing mild post-COVID-19 symptoms. Muscle strength (grip and quadriceps strength) was assessed, and functional capacity was evaluated using the 6MWT and 2MST, with the test order randomized by drawing lots. Hemodynamic responses, fatigue, and dyspnea were measured before and after both tests. Paired t-tests were used to compare cardiovascular parameters and leg fatigue between the 6MWT and 2MST. Pearson’s correlation coefficient assessed relationships between both tests, demographics, and muscle strength.
Results. The study revealed an increase in heart rate and leg fatigue after the 6MWT compared to the 2MST, whereas systolic blood pressure was elevated following the 2MST compared to the 6MWT. The 6MWT showed a significant positive correlation with the 2MST (r = 0.350, p = 0.043). Additionally, quadriceps strength was positively correlated with both the 6MWT (r = 0.372, p = 0.030) and the 2MST (r = 0.395, p = 0.021).
Conclusions. The findings of this study indicate that both the 6MWT and 2MST are effective in assessing functional capacity in young individuals recovering from COVID-19, showing distinct physiological responses. Furthermore, quadriceps strength is correlated with both tests, highlighting the importance of muscle strength in recovery.
Методология и практика доказательного подхода в сфере детства в России
Authors: Подушкина Татьяна , Гани Светлана
Published: January 2025

В статье представлен краткий обзор истории развития доказательного подхода в социальной сфере за рубежом и в России. Рассмотрены этапы разработки «Стандарта доказательности социальных практик в сфере детства» — документа, описывающего методологию доказательного обоснования и научной верификации социальных практик в сфере детства и образования. Описаны результаты апробации модели межведомственного взаимодействия структур, отвечающих за реализацию плана основных мероприятий программы «Десятилетие детства» в 2021‒2023 гг., включая ключевые категории сетевых участников, занимающихся отбором, верификацией и тиражированием социальных практик. Освещен опыт создания экспертной инфраструктуры для внедрения доказательного подхода на федеральном уровне — Инкубатора доказательных практик в сфере детства, обеспечивающего методическое сопровождение и научную верификацию социальных практик. Сделаны выводы о значении Стандарта в обосновании практик на разных этапах их жизненного цикла, а также о возможностях применения доказательного подхода в деятельности специалистов социальной сферы, организаций сферы детства и инвестирующих структур.
Large-Scale Production of Human iPSC-Derived Macrophages v1
Authors: Rodriguez Lilia , Mohamad Zaya , Drouin-Ouellet Janelle
Published: January 2025

To differentiate iPSC-derived macrophages, we adopted and modified a previously published protocol. Starting from the pluripotent state, we induced mesoderm and subsequent hemogenic endothelium differentiation in preformed and size-controlled embryoid bodies (EBs) for four days by supplementing the culture medium with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and stem cell factor (SCF). On day 5, floating EBs are reseeded for attachment to culture vessels in “factory” medium containing human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and interleukin 3 (IL-3). A key modification to some previously published protocols is the reseeding of the EBs on growth factor-reduced (GFR) Matrigel-coated culture vessels.
Campaigns, Mobilisation, and Composition Effects in the 2018 Irish Abortion Referendum
Authors: Cunningham Kevin , O'Malley Eoin , Quinlan Stephen
Published: January 2025

Referendums on issues usually thought to split along cleavage lines are least likely to see significant campaign effects because it is difficult to get voters to switch sides on such issues. We argue that even though campaigns might not be very effective at shifting people’s votes—persuasive effects—the campaign can influence the decision to vote or not—mobilising effects. Using the 2018 referendum to repeal the Irish ban on abortion, we test for mobilisation effects in which one campaign caused the withdrawal of support for its campaign and possibly motivated potential voters in the other side’s campaign. By remaining “on message” the pro-choice side’s arguably less interesting campaign allowed mainstream elites to come on board. We offer evidence that the campaigns mobilized some groups and suppressed turnout in others, leading to a larger victory for the repeal (the ban on abortion) side than most had expected.
Solidarity in Diversity: Overcoming Marginalisation in Society
Authors: Mabefam Matthew , Mbeva Kennedy , Vaughan Franka
Published: January 2025

This introduction situates the thematic issue within the discourse on solidarity, exploring its transformative role in addressing marginalisation and fostering social cohesion. The 13 articles in this issue are organised into four themes: (a) solidarity’s response to exclusion, (b) its dynamic nature in contested contexts, (c) innovative frameworks, and (d) its role in tackling economic inequalities. Through case studies of migrant communities, Roma graduates, neurodivergent artists, and trans women, the contributions highlight solidarity’s potential to counter exclusion, navigate tensions, and inspire collective action. Bridging theory and practice, this thematic issue advances understanding and informs policies to address systemic inequality, diversity, and injustice.
Informing Heritage Conservation Through Diverse Experiences: The Case of the Leuven Town Hall
Authors: Eisazadeh Negin , Vermeersch Peter-Willem , Heylighen Ann , Houbart Claudine
Published: January 2025

Awareness is growing of the need for more inclusive and sustainable cities and communities, as evident in the objectives of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The targets underline the importance of participatory approaches, protecting cultural and natural heritage, and providing universal access to inclusive public spaces. To achieve these targets in the context of built heritage, our research explores a pathway that aligns with conservation practice’s gradual shift to collaborative approaches involving diverse others. Seeking a more inclusive approach in built heritage conservation, we engage people with diverse bodies and minds as users/experts, attending to their situated and embodied experiences. Their unique expertise-by-experience informs architecture and conservation practice by providing nuanced insights into qualities and obstacles of built heritage. However, suitable methods and tools are necessary to capture and transfer these insights to practice effectively. In this article, we present the approach we experimented with in the case of the historic Leuven Town Hall (Belgium), which is undergoing a restoration project. We outline our process and methods for transforming disability experience into actionable knowledge that facilitates exchange between users/experts, architects, and city representatives. We detail how the resulting tools illustrate and situate the identified qualities and obstacles in the user/experts’ interaction with this heritage site, building on the concepts of affordance and gradient of accessibility. Leveraging user/expertise for built heritage, our approach promotes a conservation process inclusive of diverse voices and experiences and fosters collaboration between academia and practice, while contributing to creating inclusive and socially sustainable historic environments.
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD EXCURSIONS OF THE BRUNHES CHRON. PART 2: MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY OF SUBAERIAL DEPOSITS AND IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Institute of Geophysics by S.I. Subbotin name, NAS of Ukrane, Kyiv, Ukraine, BAKHMUTOV Volodymyr , MELNYK Galyna ,   Institute of Geophysics by S.I. Subbotin name, NAS of Ukrane, Kyiv, Ukraine, HLAVATSKYI Dmytro ,   Institute of Geophysics by S.I. Subbotin name, NAS of Ukrane, Kyiv, Ukraine, POLIACHENKO Ievgen ,   Institute of Geophysics by S.I. Subbotin name, NAS of Ukrane, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: January 2025

Background. The current state and problems in the study of the Brunhes chron geomagnetic excursions have been discussed in the part 1. In particular, Laschamp (41 thousand years ago), Blake (114 thousand years ago), Iceland Basin (188 thousand years ago) excursions are considered as the most reliable geomagnetic events. The second part of the article provides a detailed overview of the application of the Brunhes chron geomagnetic excursions in the correlation of subaerial deposits of the Pleistocene, in particular loess-palaeosol sequences of Ukraine and nearby European countries.

Methods. Studies of loess-palaeosol deposits were carried out by paleomagnetic and rock magnetic methods. The calculation of the characteristic component of magnetization was performed by statistical methods of spherical data.

Results. New results of the study of the Roksolany loess-soil section, which supplement the previous magnetostratigraphic scale, are presented. In the section, an excursion of reversed polarity at the level of the Lower Zavadivka pedocomplex (S4; correlative of MIS 11) has been revealed, which, in our interpretation, corresponds to the Unnamed event of 430 thousand years ago, described earlier in the Vyazivok and Medzhybizh loess sections. Recent studies of the impact of excursions on environmental changes, for instance, on palaeoecological and climatic changes during the Last Glacial Period, are discussed.

Conclusions. Unnamed (430,000 years ago) and Big Lost (540,000 years ago) excursions have been manifested in resent studies of the loess-palaeosol sequences of Ukraine. The absence of other well-documented excursions in Upper Pleistocene loess-soil deposits can be explained by sampling gaps, stratigraphic hiatuses in sediment accumulation, peculiarities of the paleomagnetic "records" and the insufficient study of the magnetic mineralogy of these deposits. The impact of geomagnetic field inversions and excursions on environmental changes is a debatable issue that requires further research, especially in terms of mechanisms of such effects. Since many researchers emphasize the role of atmospheric ozone in climate and environmental changes, the mechanism proposed in (Kilifarska, Bakhmutov, & Melnyk, 2020) may explain the relationship of geomagnetic field and climate changes.
The relationship between mineral and vitamin statuses in the blood serum of pregnant women with fetal congenital malformations
Authors: Milyutina Yulia P. , Shengelia Margarita O. , Sazonova Anastasia P. , Bespalova Olesya N. , Korenevsky Andrey V.
Published: January 2025

Background: Changes occurring in the body during pregnancy have a significant impact on metabolism, which determines the importance of monitoring nutrition and taking vitamin and mineral supplements for the health of the mother and the normal development of the fetus. An imbalance of vitamins and trace elements in the body leads to disruption of cellular processes, which may increase the risk of fetal congenital malformations, particularly those associated with neural tube defects.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between mineral and vitamin statuses in the blood serum of pregnant women with fetal congenital malformations.
Materials and methods: The blood serum was analyzed for a range of essential minerals (magnesium, calcium, copper, zinc, iron), inorganic phosphorus, iron deficiency anemia parameters, as well as vitamins (D, B12, folic acid) and homocysteine levels in 82 pregnant women with various fetal congenital malformations at 19.0 (15.0–21.0) weeks of gestation. All patients were divided into three study groups: Group 1 consisted of women without chromosomal abnormalities and with fetal neural tube defects (n = 18); Group 2 involved individuals without chromosomal abnormalities and fetal neural tube defects (n = 35); and Group 3 comprised patients with chromosomal abnormalities, predominantly Down syndrome (n = 29).
Results: The patients of all of the study groups were comparable in terms of body mass index, number of pregnancies, births, and abortions in the medical history, as well as the frequency of diabetes mellitus, endocrine diseases, and exposure to exogenous damaging factors. Women with fetal neural tube defects had a higher percentage of acute respiratory viral infection cases in early pregnancy, lower vitamin B12 levels, and lower serum concentrations of inorganic phosphorus, which had a direct correlation with blood zinc levels.
Conclusions: The data obtained indicate the need for further research with larger samples to clarify the role of trace elements and vitamins in the formation of various fetal congenital malformations and the feasibility of prescribing B vitamins and dietary supplements that contain zinc and phosphorus compounds before or during pregnancy.
Propagation Characteristics of Tsunamis in an Atmosphere-Ocean Coupled System Revealed by Wave Gradiometry: The 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai Eruption Case
Authors: Ogiso Masashi , Tsushima Hiroaki
Published: January 2025

A densely cabled-type ocean-bottom pressure observation network is suitable for array analyses that enable derivation of the details of the tsunami propagation as well as early detection of tsunamis. The 2022 eruption of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai volcano excited the atmospheric Lamb and Pekeris waves and accompanying sea-surface disturbances, and the coupled atmospheric and sea-surface disturbances traveled worldwide. To understand the propagation characteristics of sea-surface disturbances in an atmosphere-ocean coupled system, we applied wave gradiometry, one array analysis technique, to the records of the dense, offshore, ocean-bottom pressure gauge array, and a land-based array of barometers on the Japanese archipelago. We examined the propagation properties of the disturbances using spatial variations of amplitudes as well as propagation directions and velocities. The wave gradiometry analyses provided several interesting results. Coherent sea-surface disturbances accompanied by the atmospheric Lamb and Pekeris waves propagated mainly in directions and velocities that reflected the bathymetry, that is, they propagated as tsunamis, whereas the barometric disturbances propagated as simple plane waves. When the atmospheric Lamb waves propagated, we observed spatially heterogeneous variations of the amplitudes of tsunamis within the observation network that reflected the different stages during the process of splitting the forcibly excited tsunamis into two wave trains. In contrast, the amplitudes of the tsunamis generally increased during the atmospheric Pekeris waves. Considering the propagation characteristics of barometric disturbances, these results may have reflected the amplification in accordance with Green’s law and the resonance between atmospheric and sea-surface disturbances. Wave gradiometry with dense ocean-bottom pressure records provides information that can facilitate monitoring tsunami propagation even if the propagation process is different from that of oceanic free waves.
Independent Television and Female Authorship
Authors:   , Phillips Caroline Jarrett , McHugh Michelle
Published: January 2025

This study examines the relationships between independent television and female-created content and how the United Kingdom and United States navigate either avenue. Independent television's relevance is seen in the United Kingdom, but through this research, the author explores how the prospect of indie productions could become a bigger part of the United States television industry. Female authorship is a topical subject as the industry seeks more diverse voices in storytelling. The purpose of the study is to form a conclusion on how industry leaders, specifically seeking to amplify women voices, could use the independent route for their content if found useful. Research was conducted by talking to five industry leaders that have a relationship with either female-created content and/or independent television. From these conversations, it was concluded that the blueprint that the United Kingdom laid with indie television may not be the course that the United States should take due to many industry trends, costs, and structural industry differences. Despite these findings, the researcher concludes that women in the television and media industry may retain greater agency over their work if indie television is the route they choose.
Cholinergic V0c Spinal Interneurons and Respiratory Plasticity after Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
Authors:   , Schardien Kayla Anne , Houle John D
Published: January 2025

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to debilitating loss of function, with about 60% of cases affecting the cervical level, which results in life-threatening respiratory impairments. However, spontaneous plasticity can lead to partial recovery, driven in part by spinal interneurons that alter their function and connectivity to form new pathways. Activity-based therapies such as intermittent hypoxia (IH) respiratory training enhance this plasticity. This study examines the role of V0c spinal interneurons in respiratory plasticity after high cervical SCI in mice. While V0c interneurons have a prominent role in locomotor circuits, their contributions to phrenic motor function remain unclear. Using a transgenic mouse model, we aim to understand this limited recovery and test treatments that can enhance it, focusing on whether V0c interneurons might represent a key therapeutic target for improving recovery after SCI. Adult mice received a unilateral hemisection at the second cervical segment (C2), denervating the phrenic motor circuit controlling the diaphragm. A subset of those mice underwent IH respiratory training. A transsynaptic retrograde tracer was applied to the ipsilateral hemidiaphragm to label phrenic motoneurons and spinal interneurons, and diaphragm activity was measured via electromyography. Our anatomical and functional data suggest that V0c interneurons are involved in respiratory recovery following SCI in a more limited capacity than with locomotion. These findings underscore the need to focus on alternative pathways for respiratory recovery. Understanding changes in interneuronal circuitry after injury and post-rehabilitative strategies remains an invaluable opportunity to drive research investigations.
Artificial Intelligence in Zero-Knowledge Proofs: Transforming Privacy in Cryptographic Protocols
Authors:   Pearson, Onteddu Abhishake Reddy , Koehler Samuel ,   University of Central Florida, Kundavaram RamMohan Reddy ,   Silicon Valley Bank, Devarapu Krishna ,   Mission Cloud Services Inc., Kothapalli Srinikhita ,   Anagha Solutions Inc., Narsina Deekshith ,   Capital One
Published: January 2025

AI and zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) may revolutionize cryptographic protocol privacy, as this research shows. The report examines how AI may improve ZKP efficiency, scalability, and security and identifies developing AI-driven privacy-preserving technologies across sectors. The study reviews secondary data from peer-reviewed journals, technical reports, and conference proceedings. Key results show that AI automates proof creation, optimizes verification procedures, and identifies weaknesses, allowing innovative architectures like federated learning mixed with ZKPs for safe, collaborative AI training. The research shows AI's potential to improve privacy in banking, healthcare, and secure identity management. However, concerns about the computational needs of the AI model, explainable systems, and interoperability persist. The policy implications highlight standardization, security framework improvements, and research to solve these shortcomings. The policy should also support openness and accountability in AI-driven cryptography systems to build confidence and acceptance. This paper shows how AI might transform privacy-preserving cryptographic methods and how to overcome their existing limitations to maximize their promise.
Casos de estudio de climatología sinóptica ecuatorial. Estudio de algunos casos relevantes del Ecuador continental
Authors: Méndez Bravo Francisco Javier , Molina Bosch Tomàs
Published: January 2025

En países de latitudes medias se han realizado diversos catálogos para clasificar las situaciones sinópticas propias de la región. Sin embargo, en Sudamérica Tropical y Ecuador, las investigaciones sobre la clasificación de situaciones sinópticas son escasas. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar casos de estudio sobre la influencia en Ecuador de las principales características climatológicas de Sudamérica Tropical, incluyendo la Zona de Convergencia Intertropical, el Anticiclón del Pacífico Sudoriental, el Anticiclón del Atlántico Norte y el Anticiclón del Atlántico Sur, así como los fenómenos meteorológicos El Niño y El Veranillo del Niño. La finalidad es desarrollar una clasificación de situaciones sinópticas específicas en superficie que afectan al Ecuador. 
Para los casos de estudio, se procesaron e interpretaron reanálisis atmosféricas ERA-Interim del Centro Europeo de Previsiones Meteorológicas a medio plazo, considerando las componentes horizontales del viento y la presión atmosférica en superficie, para los años 1998, 2000, 2018 y 2019. Se analizaron siete situaciones del tiempo en superficie en función de las ocho principales direcciones de la rosa de los vientos, tomando en cuenta la migración estacional, los cambios promedio en la ubicación y extensión de las características climatológicas y la influencia de los principales fenómenos meteorológicos. Se elaboraron mapas de presión atmosférica y de vectores del viento en superficie para Sudamérica Tropical y Ecuador continental, representando algunas de las principales advecciones sinópticas en superficie que afectan la región Costa y Oriente de Ecuador. Como resultado, se presenta una clasificación de situaciones sinópticas en superficie para estas regiones, basada en las principales características climatológicas sinópticas semipermanentes y en los fenómenos meteorológicos más representativos de Sudamérica Tropical.
Society and history, or money and blood. Economy in Norwid’s Vade-mecum
Authors: Gadamska-Serafin Renata
Published: January 2025

The subject of money occupies a prominent place in Vade-mecum, reflecting the significance of finance and economy in socio-political and philosophical theories of the nineteenth century. The question of “capital” emerges in many poems from the cycle, e.g. in “Socjalizm” [Socialism], “Larwa” [The Larva], “Stolica” [Capital City], “Prac-czoło” [The-Forehead-of- Labor]“Syberie” [Syberias], “(Co słychać?)” [How are you?] and “Nerwy” [Nerves]. Norwid’s opus magnumwas written in the period of intense changes in capitalist economy, notably in the wake of the global crisis following the American Civil War (1866), whose consequences are discussed by Marx in the first volume of Capital (1867). The famous publication by the German economist constitutes an important context for Norwid’s cycle, although the two are worlds apart in ideological terms. The poet was nevertheless greatly inspired by Proudhon’s works, which he read in the 1840s alongside other utopian socialists (possibly Owen), who would propose abandoning money in its traditional form as an antidote to economic crises and mass poverty. Additionally, Norwid’s letter dated 15 July 1867 (PW IX, 297) contains a trace of the poet’s reading of August Cieszkowski’s treatise Du Crédit, et de la Circulation (Paris 1839) and proof of contacts with the economist Ludwik Wołowski, co-founder and director of the Parisian bank Crédit Foncier de France (established in 1852). The above two men introduced some of the brilliant credit ideas developed by Prince Drucki-Lubecki to the France of Napoleon III . In Vade-mecum Norwid polemicizes both with utopian concepts of a socialist, moneyless economy and with Polish organicist ideas basing on profit economy and visions of economic success. Norwid recognized their departure from the Decalogue, the category of “conscience,” and Christian soteriology. In this sense, Vade-mecum becomes a Romantic and Christian attempt to return the question of money to its original context: that of ideals and spiritual life.
Types and Models of Biographical Personalities
Authors:   Volga region Cooperative Institute (branch) of the Russian University of Cooperation, Zimina N. G.
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the methods of writing biographies. A great focus is placed on defining the type and the model of a biographical personality by means of comparative analysis.
Electrification of Agricultural Industry of the Volga Region in the Second Part of XX Century
Authors:   Saratov State University, Yakovlev S. A.
Published: January 2025

The article analyses, on the base of normative documents, archives files, statistics, periodical, the process of electrification of agriculture of the state and particular the Volga region in the second part of XX century. The work shows the increasing of the level of complex electromechanization of industrial processes. Electro-technical reequipping of agricultural industry developed rather intensively in the researching period and largely promoted the liquidation of manual labour.
The relationship between metabolic hormone levels and the prevalence of hypertension in people under 45 years of age
Authors: Kashtanova E. V. , Polonskaya Ya. V. , Shcherbakova L. V. , Stakhneva E. M. , Shramko V. S. , Sadovski E. V. , Denisova D. V. , Ragino Yu. I.
Published: January 2025

Among the various factors potentially involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, arterial hypertension (HTN), in the structure of which the proportion of young people increases, is still the most common risk factor for the development of serious cardiovascular complications. The development of structural and functional disorders associated with HTN is accompanied by an increase or decrease in markers of metabolic disorders. Objective. Тo study the prevalence of HTN in young people of working age and childbearing age, depending on the levels of metabolic hormones. Design and methods. The study included 1,340 people from the Novosibirsk population sample aged 25–44 years. HTN was diagnosed in case of the average systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. The levels of amylin, C-peptide, ghrelin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucagon, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and peptide YY (PYY) were determined by multiplex analysis. Results. In the quartile with the highest values of amylin, C-peptide, GIP, GLP-1 and PP, the prevalence of HTN is significantly higher compared to Q1. In the group of HTN patients, the levels of amylin, C-peptide, ghrelin, GIP, GLP-1, insulin and PP were 2,4 (p < 0,0001), 1,4 (p < 0,0001), 1,3 (p = 0,001), 1,3 (p = 0,003), 1,6 (p = 0,001), 1,2 (p = 0,002) and 1,4 (p = 0,006) times higher, respectively, in comparison with persons without HTN. Conclusions. The prevalence of HTN is associated with high values of amylin, ghrelin, glucagon, insulin and C-peptide. The chance of HTN increases starting from the second quartile of amylin and increases with each quartile.
IMPÉRIALISME ET GUERRES: Entretien spécial avec le professeur Dr. Claude Serfati
Authors: Farias Flávio Bezerra de
Published: January 2025

Entretien spécial avec le professeur Dr. Claude Serfati -  Économiste. Docteur en Sciences Economiques.
Configurações dos narradores de Pedra Bonita e de Cangaceiros
Authors: Castro Netanias Mateus de Souza , Rodrigues Manoel Freire
Published: January 2025

José Lins do Rego publica Pedra Bonita e Cangaceiros em 1938 e 1953, respectivamente. Situados em momentos diferentes da história da literatura brasileira e do desenvolvimento econômico do país, os romances guardam entre si significativas diferenças estéticas, mesmo que um seja continuidade do outro em termos temáticos. Uma dessas diferenças, embora também constitua uma continuidade ao seu modo, é a configuração do narrador: Cangaceiros radicaliza a discrição e quase desaparição da voz narrativa. Este artigo pretende refletir sobre esses e outros caracteres das vozes que narram essa história. O método de interpretação sociológica, praticado, por exemplo, por Antonio Candido. norteia esta interpretação dos romances. Ao final, propõe-se o entendimento de que a voz narrativa é apagada pelas forças e condições materiais que envolvem a lógica da estrutura econômica semifeudal praticada no Nordeste entre o final do século XIX e o início do século XX. Nesse sentido, o romance reguiano internaliza, em sua estrutura, a estrutura social vigente.