bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical prehabilitation improves the postoperative outcome of associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy in experimental model
Authors: Daradics Noemi , Levay Klara , Horvath Ildiko , Kovacs Noemi , Mathe Domokos , Szigeti Krisztian , Szijarto Attila , Fulop Andras
Published: November 2022

Aiming to improve the postoperative outcome of associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS), the effect of physical prehabilitation (PP) was investigated in experimental model. Male Wistar rats (n = 106) divided to PP and sedentary (S) groups underwent ALPPS. Changes in liver weight, Ki67 index and liver volume by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were evaluated. Liver function was assessed by laboratory parameters and 99mTc-mebrofenin single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS). Utilizing endotoxemia model mortality and septic parameters were investigated. Liver mass (p < 0.001), Ki67 index (p < 0.001) and MRI liver volume (p < 0.05) increased in the PP group compared to the S group. Both standard laboratory parameters (p < 0.001) and HBS (p < 0.05) showed enhanced liver function in the PP group compared to the S group. The vulnerability of animals improved in the PP group, as mortality decreased (p < 0.001), while septic laboratory parameters improved (p < 0.05) compared to the S group in the endotoxemia model. Our study demonstrated for the first time the beneficial role of PP on not only volumetric but also functional liver regeneration and postoperative vulnerability after ALLPS.
The optimal concentration of silver nanoparticles in sterilizing fish skin grafts
Authors: Elshahawy Abdelnaby M. , Mahmoud Ghada Abd-Elmonsef , Mokhtar Doaa M. , Ibrahim Ahmed
Published: November 2022

Collagen integrity should be considered on using a sterilizing agent for fish skin grafts. This study defined the optimal concentration of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) for sterilization of fish skin grafts without disrupting collagen content based on microbiological and histological evaluation. Strips of tilapia skin (n = 5) were randomly allocated to be immersed in Ag NPs solution at different concentrations of 25, 50, 100, and 250 µg/mL, respectively, for 5 min. The treated skin strips underwent bacteriological and histological evaluation. Yeast and fungi were more sensitive to Ag NPs than bacteria. On increasing the nanoparticles concentration, the total counts of aerobic bacteria decrease giving 933.3 ± 28.67, 601 ± 27.66, 288 ± 16.8, 15 ± 4.08 (CFU/cm2 ± S.D) at 25, 50, 100, and 250 µg/mL, respectively, comparing with untreated sample (1453.3 ± 57.92). Yeasts and filamentous fungi also exhibited a similar response, achieving a complete inhibition at 100 and 250 µg/mL. Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli were the dominant aerobic bacteria, Candida albicans and Rhodotorula glutinis were the dominant aerobic yeasts, whereas Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Rhizopus stolonifer were the dominant aerobic fungi. The collagen fibers were loose with a wavey pattern at 25 µg/mL, wavey and slightly disorganized at 50 µg/mL, highly disorganized at 100 µg/mL, and compactly arranged and slightly loose at 250 µg/mL. Ag NPs at a concentration of 250 µg/mL could be considered a reliable and feasible method for the sterilization of fish skin grafts before application on human skin with an effective antimicrobial effect and less disrupting impact on collagen content.
Clinical impact of short limited lumbar fusion for adult spinal deformity with postural and radiological abnormalities
Authors: Nakajima Hideaki , Matsuo Hideaki , Naruse Hiroaki , Watanabe Shuji , Honjoh Kazuya , Shoji Kazuki , Kubota Arisa , Matsumine Akihiko
Published: November 2022

Extensive surgical spinopelvic fusion for patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) to achieve optimal radiological parameters should be avoided. The aim of this study was to review clinical and imaging findings in patients with ASD with postural and radiological abnormalities who underwent a novel three-level limited lumbar fusion as two-stage surgery in an attempt to propose a better tolerated alternative to spinopelvic long fusion to the pelvis. The subjects were 26 patients with a minimum follow-up period of 2 years. Cobb angle, C7 sagittal vertical axis, and pelvic incidence (PI) minus lumbar lordosis (LL) were significantly improved after surgery and maintained at follow-up. Most radiological parameters were corrected with lateral interbody fusion (LIF) as the initial surgery, and few with posterior fusion. PI-LL remained high after limited lumbar fusion, but scores on patient-based questionnaires and sagittal and coronal tilt in gait analysis improved. In cases with postoperative progression of proximal junctional kyphosis (11.5%), residual L1–L2 local kyphosis after LIF was the most significant radiological feature. In some cases of ASD with postural abnormalities, short limited lumbar fusion gives sufficient postoperative clinical improvement with preservation of spinal mobility and activities of daily living. The range of fixation should be determined based on radiological parameters after LIF to avoid postoperative complications.
Identification of potentially common loci between childhood obesity and coronary artery disease using pleiotropic approaches
Authors: Wang Lianke , Zhang Qiang , Xu Fei , Brickell Anna , Zhou Qianyu , Yang Bin , Sun Changqing
Published: November 2022

Childhood obesity remains one of the most important issues in global health, which is implicated in many chronic diseases. Converging evidence suggests that a higher body mass index during childhood (CBMI) is significantly associated with increased coronary artery disease (CAD) susceptibility in adulthood, which may partly arise from the shared genetic determination. Despite genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have successfully identified some loci associated with CBMI and CAD individually, the genetic overlap and common biological mechanism between them remains largely unexplored. Here, relying on the results from the two large-scale GWASs (n = 35,668 for CBMI andn = 547,261 for CAD), linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was used to estimate the genetic correlation of CBMI and CAD in the first step. Then, we applied different pleiotropy-informed methods including conditional false discovery rate ($$\mathrm{cFDR}$$cFDR) and genetic analysis incorporating pleiotropy and annotation (GPA) to detect potentially common loci for childhood obesity and CAD. By integrating the genetic information from the existing GWASs summary statistics, we found a significant positive genetic correlation ($${r}_{g}$$rg = 0.127,p = 2E−4) and strong pleiotropic enrichment between CBMI and CAD (LRT = 79.352,p = 5.2E−19). Importantly, 28 loci were simultaneously discovered to be associated with CBMI, and 13 of them were identified as potentially pleiotropic loci by$$\mathrm{cFDR}$$cFDRand GPA. Those corresponding pleiotropic genes were enriched in trait-associated gene ontology (GO) terms “amino sugar catabolic process”, “regulation of fat cell differentiation” and “synaptic transmission”. Overall, the findings of the pleiotropic loci will help to further elucidate the common molecular mechanisms underlying the association of childhood obesity and CAD, and provide a theoretical direction for early disease prevention and potential therapeutic targets.
Impact of pre-annealing process on electrical properties and stability of indium zinc oxide thin-film transistors
Authors: Zhao Han-Lin , Tarsoly Gergely , Shan Fei , Wang Xiao-Lin , Lee Jae-Yun , Jeong Yong Jin , Kim Sung-Jin
Published: November 2022

This paper examined the effects of no treatment versus plasma treatment, and femtosecond laser irradiation as pre-annealing processes on indium zinc oxide (IZO) films and annealing at high temperatures. The plasma pre-annealed multilayer stacked IZO TFTs showed better electrical properties with mobility enhancement from 2.45 to 7.81 cm2/Vs, but exhibited diminished on–off current ratio (Ion/Ioff). The IZO thin-film transistor (TFT) prepared with femtosecond laser pre-annealing with low pulse energy generation (power of 3 W at 700 nm wavelength) for 100 s has also exhibited significantly improved electrical performance, the saturation mobility increased to 4.91 cm2/Vs, the Ion/Ioff ratio was enhanced from 4.5 × 105 to 2.1 × 106, the threshold voltage improved from − 1.44 to − 0.25 V, and the subthreshold swing was reduced from 1.21 to 0.61 V/dec. In conclusion, IZO TFTs with improved performance can be prepared using a femtosecond laser pre-annealing process, which has great potential for fabricating low-cost, high-performance devices.
Comparison of autonomous sensory meridian response and binaural auditory beats effects on stress reduction: a pilot study
Authors: Lee Minji , Lee Hyuk Joo , Ahn Junseok , Hong Jung Kyung , Yoon In-Young
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to compare the effects of Autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) and binaural beat (BB) on stress reduction, and to determine whether ASMR and BB can induce changes in quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG). A double-blind randomized trial was conducted. Subjects with stress were recruited considering their perceived stress scale (PSS), Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II), insomnia severity index (ISI), and state-trait anxiety inventory-state anxiety (STAI-S) scores. Subjects listened to ASMR or BB with music (8 Hz for daytime, 5 Hz for nighttime) for 15 min in daytime and 30 min before going to sleep for 3 weeks. QEEG was measured before and after the intervention. Seventy-six participants (57 female, mean age = 46.12 ± 12.01) finished the trial. After the intervention, PSS, BDI-II, ISI, STAI-S, and PSQI scores improved significantly in both groups. BDI-II and ISI mean scores were normalized in both groups after the intervention. Changes of absolute beta and high beta power in the ASMR group were larger than those in the BB group (p = 0.026, p = 0.040, respectively). Both ASMR and BB are equally effective in reducing stress levels. Unlike BB, ASMR can lead to an increase in beta and high beta waves associated with cortical arousal.
Association of suicidal ideation and depression with the use of proton pump inhibitors in adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fong Pedro , Chan Sut Tong , Lei Pui Nap , Cheong Hao Ian , Cheong I Man , Hoe Weng Lam
Published: November 2022

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) were found to be associated with depression. This study aimed to find the cross-sectional association between recent PPI use and suicidal ideation. Item 9 of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2005 and 2018 was used to categorize whether or not the participants had suicidal ideation. The secondary outcome of this study was depression and the scores of the PHQ-9 were used as the depression diagnostic instrument. The study population included 16,881 participants who were over 20 years old. The bivariate Rao-Scott χ2 test showed a significant association between PPI use and suicidal ideation (P < 0.001) and a stronger association was observed between PPIs and depression (P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis of the education, gender, race and age-adjusted model revealed that the PPI users had a 2.34 (95% CI 1.66–3.31) greater risk of having suicidal ideation than the non-PPI users. Middle-aged participants (40–49 years) showed the greatest number of differences in suicidal ideation between PPI and non-PPI users (P < 0.001). Future research should continue to consider the psychiatric effects of taking PPIs.
Thermodynamic optical pressures in tight-binding nonlinear multimode photonic systems
Authors: Efremidis Nikolaos K. , Christodoulides Demetrios N.
Published: November 2022

Optical forces are known to arise in a universal fashion in many and diverse physical settings. As such, they are successfully employed over a wide range of applications in areas like biophotonics, optomechanics and integrated optics. While inter-elemental optical forces in few-mode photonic networks have been so far systematically analyzed, little is known, if any, as to how they manifest themselves in highly multimoded optical environments. In this work, by means of statistical mechanics, we formally address this open problem in optically thermalized weakly nonlinear heavily multimode tight-binding networks. The outlined thermodynamic formulation allows one to obtain in an elegant manner analytical results for the exerted thermodynamic pressures in utterly complex arrangements-results that are either computationally intensive or impossible to obtain otherwise. Thus, we derive simple closed-form expressions for the thermodynamic optical pressures displayed among elements, which depend only on the internal energy as well as the coupling coefficients involved. In all cases, our theoretical results are in excellent agreement with numerical computations. Our study may pave the way towards a deeper understanding of these complex processes and could open up avenues in harnessing radiation forces in multimode optomechanical systems.
Adiposity and NMR-measured lipid and metabolic biomarkers among 30,000 Mexican adults
Authors: Aguilar-Ramirez Diego , Herrington William G. , Alegre-Díaz Jesus , Staplin Natalie , Ramírez-Reyes Raúl , Gnatiuc Louisa Friedrichs , Hill Michael , Romer Frederik , Trichia Eirini , Bragg Fiona , Wade Rachel , Lewington Sarah , Collins Rory , Emberson Jonathan R. , Kuri-Morales Pablo , Tapia-Conyer Roberto
Published: November 2022

Background

Adiposity is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in part due to effects on blood lipids. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides direct information on >130 biomarkers mostly related to blood lipid particles.

Methods

Among 28,934 Mexican adults without chronic disease and not taking lipid-lowering therapy, we examine the cross-sectional relevance of body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and hip circumference (HC) to NMR-measured metabolic biomarkers. Confounder-adjusted associations between each adiposity measure and NMR biomarkers are estimated before and after mutual adjustment for other adiposity measures.

Results

Markers of general (ie, BMI), abdominal (ie, WC and WHR) and gluteo-femoral (ie, HC) adiposity all display similar and strong associations across the NMR-platform of biomarkers, particularly for biomarkers that increase cardiometabolic risk. Higher adiposity associates with higher levels of Apolipoprotein-B (about 0.35, 0.30, 0.35, and 0.25 SD higher Apolipoprotein-B per 2-SD higher BMI, WHR, WC, and HC, respectively), higher levels of very low-density lipoprotein particles (and the cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids within these lipoproteins), higher levels of all fatty acids (particularly mono-unsaturated fatty acids) and multiple changes in other metabolic biomarkers including higher levels of branched-chain amino acids and the inflammation biomarker glycoprotein acetyls. Associations for general and abdominal adiposity are fairly independent of each other but, given general and abdominal adiposity, higher gluteo-femoral adiposity is associated with a strongly favourable cardiometabolic lipid profile.

Conclusions

Our results provide insight to the lipidic and metabolomic signatures of different adiposity markers in a previously understudied population where adiposity is common but lipid-lowering therapy is not.
Phytoplankton Controls on the Transformations of Metal-containing Nanoparticles in an Aquatic Environment
Authors: Slaveykova Vera I.
Published: November 2022

In contrast to the extended knowledge on the toxicity of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) to aquatic organisms, including phytoplankton, studies dealing with the role of the phytoplankton in the fate of ENPs in an aquatic environment are rather limited. In the present chapter the current state-of-the-art on how phytoplankton could affect the cycling of metal-containing ENPs in an aquatic environment is critically discussed. The emphasis is on the following phenomena (i) uptake and (intra-)cellular transformation of ENPs; (ii) production of ENPs by phytoplankton from dissolved metal species; and (iii) release of biogenic (macro)molecules.
Separation Systems Coupled to ICP-MS for the Analysis of Metal-based Nanoparticles and Colloids
Authors: Nischwitz V.
Published: November 2022

A broad range of separation systems have been established in elemental speciation analysis online with sensitive elemental detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for low molecular mass species but also for macroproteins. The classical techniques size exclusion chromatography, reversed phase chromatography and capillary electrophoresis have been successfully applied for characterisation of metal-containing nanoparticles and colloids. In addition, special separation techniques for characterisation of particulate elemental species including nanopollutants have been established online with ICP-MS: hydrodynamic chromatography and field flow fractionation. The separation principles of these techniques along with advantages and limitations for metal-based (nano)particles are briefly summarised and discussed in this chapter. The performance, flexibility, challenges and drawbacks are highlighted based on examples of recent applications covering a broad range of particle compositions, particle sizes and sample matrices. Suitable calibration strategies, mass balance issues and recoveries are addressed in individual sections for quality control.
Nuclear spin relaxation
Authors: Kowalewski Jozef
Published: November 2022

The review covers the progress in the field of NMR relaxation in fluids during 2021. The emphasis is on comparatively simple liquids and solutions of physico-chemical and chemical interest, in analogy with the previous periods, but selected biophysics-related topics (including some work on relaxation in solid biomaterials) and relaxation-related studies on more complex systems (macromolecular solutions, liquid crystalline systems, glassy and porous materials) are also covered. Section 2 of the chapter is concerned with general, physical and experimental aspects of nuclear spin relaxation, while Section 3 is concentrated on applications.
Solid state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Aliev Abil E.
Published: November 2022

This solid-state NMR report summarises the subject and results of 250 articles and original papers published in 2021. In addition to the published reviews, the two major sections in this report consider various methodological developments and a broad range of applications. The presented classification of papers into different sections and subsections is intended to ease the overview of the results obtained in 2021, as well as to evaluate the directions in which solid-state NMR techniques and applications are likely to develop in the near future.
NMR of proteins and nucleic acids
Authors: Atkinson R. Andrew
Published: November 2022

A review of key publications from 2021, describing methodological developments and research applications of NMR of proteins and nucleic acids. Particularly novel approaches and reports of exceptional interest are highlighted.
Mo2C for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia
Authors: Li Xiaotian , Wang Shiyan , Wang Guohui , Shen Peng , Ma Dongwei , Chu Ke
Published: November 2022

Mo2C has been demonstrated as an active and durable catalyst for electrocatalytic nitrate-to-ammonia conversion (NRA), attributed to the surface-terminated Mo sites to selectively absorb NO3−and promote the NRA energetics.
Oxygen vacancy and valence engineering in CeO2 through distinct sized ion doping and their impact on oxygen reduction reaction catalysis
Authors: Das Debarati , Prakash Jyoti , Goutam U. K. , Manna S. , Gupta Santosh K. , Sudarshan K.
Published: November 2022

Trivlent dopants with larger ionic radii and weaker-vacancy dopant association result in higher oxygen vacancy and Ce3+ fraction in CeO2 and facilitate ORR catalysis.
Correction: Levelized cost of CO2 mitigation from hydrogen production routes
Authors: Parkinson B. , Balcombe P. , Speirs J. F. , Hawkes A. D. , Hellgardt K.
Published: November 2022

Correction for ‘Levelized cost of CO2 mitigation from hydrogen production routes’ by B. Parkinson et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2019, 12, 19–40, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02079E.
Synthesis and elucidation of local structure in phase-controlled colloidal tin phosphide nanocrystals from aminophosphines
Authors: Paredes Ingrid J. , Ebrahim Amani M. , Yanagi Rito , Plonka Anna M. , Chen Shuzhen , Xia Hanlu , Lee Scott , Khwaja Mersal , Kannan Haripriya , Singh Ajay , Hwang Sooyeon , Frenkel Anatoly I. , Sahu Ayaskanta
Published: November 2022

Aminophosphines are a class of inexpensive, environmentally benign phosphorus precursors that have provided routes to various metal phosphides. In this work, we use the aminophosphine tris(diethyl)aminophosphine to synthesize tin phosphide nanocrystals.
Reconfigurable chirality with achiral excitonic materials in the strong-coupling regime
Authors: Stamatopoulou P. Elli , Droulias Sotiris , Acuna Guillermo P. , Mortensen N. Asger , Tserkezis Christos
Published: November 2022

We control the chiroptical response of chiral nanostructuresviastrong coupling of their optical modes with excitonic resonances, which manifests as a large anticrossing in the circular dichroism spectrum.
Designing a ferrimagnetic-ferroelastic multiferroic semiconductor in FeMoClO4 nanosheets via element substitution
Authors: Yan Lijuan , Liu Xiaofeng , Gao Pengfei , Li Xiangyang , Li Xingxing
Published: November 2022

By substituting nonmagnetic Mo with magnetic Mn in FeMoClO4 nanosheet, a 2D multiferroic semiconductor FeMnClO4, which possesses both ferrimagnetism and ferroelasticity, as well as large spin polarization near the Fermi level, has been designed.
Lightweight and flexible PAN@PPy/MXene films with outstanding electromagnetic interference shielding and Joule heating performance
Authors: Wu Fushuo , Tian Zhihua , Hu Peiying , Tang Jingwen , Xu Xueqin , Pan Long , Liu Jian , Zhang Peigen , Sun ZhengMing
Published: November 2022

A simple and effective strategy for preparing lightweight and flexible EMI shielding and Joule heating films was developed. The high SSE/t and efficient Joule heating ability of the films bode potential applications in smart and wearable devices.
Transition metal cations catalyze16O/18O exchange of catechol motifs with H218O
Authors: Hilgers Roelant , Bijlsma Judith , Malacaria Luana , Vincken Jean-Paul , Furia Emilia , de Bruijn Wouter J. C.
Published: November 2022

In the presence of Fe(iii) and several other cations, catechol motifs undergo rapid16O/18O exchange with H218O under mild conditions. This opens up synthetic possibilities and may have implications for studies using H218O as a mechanistic probe.
Towards understanding oxygen heterocycle-forming biocatalysts: a selectivity study of the pyran synthase PedPS7
Authors: Wagner Lisa , Stang Jörg , Derra Sebastian , Hollmann Tim , Hahn Frank
Published: November 2022

The specificity profile of the intramolecular oxa-Michael addition (IMOMA)-catalysing cyclase PedPS7 is presented. It uncovers broad substrate tolerance and high stereoselectivity of the enzyme and suggests principle differences between various subtypes of IMOMA cyclases.
Correction: Fabrication of a reusable magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotube–TiO2 nanocomposite by electrostatic adsorption: enhanced photodegradation of malachite green
Authors: Daneshvar Tarigh Ghazale , Shemirani Farzaneh , Maz'hari Nezam Seif
Published: November 2022

Correction for ‘Fabrication of a reusable magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotube–TiO2 nanocomposite by electrostatic adsorption: enhanced photodegradation of malachite green’ by Ghazale Daneshvar Tarigh et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 35070–35079, https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA15593A.
Theoretical advances in molecular bottlebrushes and comblike (co)polymers: solutions, gels, and self-assembly
Authors: Zhulina Ekaterina B. , Sheiko Sergei S. , Borisov Oleg V.
Published: November 2022

This review presents an overview of recent theoretical developments in increasingly complex polymer systems comprising comb-like or bottlebrush building blocks and compares theoretical predictions to experimental results.
Effect of blockage ratio on flow of a viscoelastic wormlike micellar solution past a cylinder in a microchannel
Authors: Hopkins Cameron C. , Shen Amy Q. , Haward Simon J.
Published: November 2022

We present experiments on the flow of a viscoelastic fluid past a cylinder in a microchannel. Different elastic flow instabilities are examined and summarised in a flow state diagram covering Weissenberg number – blockage ratio parameter space.
Electronic whiskers for velocity sensing based on the liquid metal hysteresis effect
Authors: Sun Xinlong , Fu Jun-Heng , Zhao Hongbin , Xiang Wentao , Zhan Fei , Sun Chenkun , Tang Shousheng , Wang Lei , Liu Jing
Published: November 2022

In the bending process, the hysteresis of the liquid metal in the fiber induces the decline of current, which could effectively detect the motion speed.
A pairwise/sandwich-like assembly consisting of a TaO3 nanomesh and reduced graphene oxide for a pelletized self-supported cathode towards high-areal-capacity Li–S batteries
Authors: Wang Chenhui , Sakai Nobuyuki , Ebina Yasuo , Suehara Shigeru , Kikuchi Takayuki , Tang Daiming , Ma Renzhi , Sasaki Takayoshi
Published: November 2022

A pelletized self-supported cathode based on a pairwise/sandwich-like assembly of a TaO3 nanomesh and reduced graphene oxide for high-areal-capacity Li–S batteries.
Bifunctional carbon dots as cocatalyst and reactor decorating an organic photocatalyst for H2 production from water-splitting in an emulsion
Authors: Wu Zhenyu , Hong Qiang , Wang Xiting , Shi Hong , Zhang Tianyang , Zhao Yu , Huang Hui , Liu Yang , Kang Zhenhui
Published: November 2022

CDs were used to modify an organic semiconductor of p(DB) and the optimal sample exhibits efficient H2 evolution under visible light in an o-xylene-in-water emulsion by photo-splitting of water. The CDs play both the roles of cocatalyst and reactor.
Correction to Retracted Article: Mesoporous amorphous FeOF nanococoons for high-rate and long-life rechargeable sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Fu Shi Yan , Li Yuan Zhi , Chu Wei , Yang Yi Mei , Tong Dong Ge , Le Zeng Qing
Published: November 2022

Correction for ‘Retracted Article: Mesoporous amorphous FeOF nanococoons for high-rate and long-life rechargeable sodium-ion batteries’ by Shi Yan Fu et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, 3, 16716–16727, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA04288G.
Transition metal(ii) ion doping of CsPb2Br5/CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals enables high luminescence efficiency and stability
Authors: Deng Jidong , Cui Yuhang , Jiang Zhonghao , Du Ruolan , Yang Li , Zhang Xiaoli , He Rongxing , Zhang Jinbao
Published: November 2022

A metal-site doping strategy to optimize CsPb2Br5/CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals enables effective elimination of Br vacancies and enhanced luminescence efficiency and stability.
Reversible fluorescence and Förster resonance energy transfer switching behaviours of bistable photo-switchable [c2] daisy chain rotaxanes and photo-patterning applications
Authors: Nhien Pham Quoc , Tien Jia-Huei , Cuc Tu Thi Kim , Khang Trang Manh , Trung Nguyen Thanh , Wu Chia-Hua , Thi Buu Hue Bui , Wu Judy I. , Lin Hong-Cheu
Published: November 2022

Reversible FRET ON-OFF switching and fluorescence photo-patterning applications of acid-base controlled extended and contracted [c2] daisy chain rotaxanes containing photochromic spiropyran and triphenylamine-chalcone chromophores were investigated.
Design of a polarization selective surface for co‐channel interference suppression
Authors: Wang Xian , Wang Yue , Liu Qikun , Zhou Dongfang , Lv Dalong
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a novel design of polarization selective surface (PSS) is proposed for co‐channel interference (CCI) suppression. By establishing a switchable doublet topology, two types of second‐order filtering responses with two transmission zeros are generated under TE and TM polarizations. The PSS element is composed of a combined dual‐mode resonant cavity. Meanwhile, the coupling matrix provides guidelines for PSS design. Moreover, detailed analyses of polarization angles account for CCI suppression. Finally, to verify the design, the PSS prototype is fabricated and tested. Measured results are in good agreement with simulations. The CCI suppression is demonstrated at two frequency bands with the highest suppression level up to 42.6 dB.
The influence of metallicity on a combined stellar and disk evolution
Authors: Gehrig L. , Steindl T. , Vorobyov E. I. , Guadarrama R. , Zwintz K.
Published: November 2022

Context. Determining the effects of an accretion disk is crucial to understanding the evolution of young stars. During the combined evolution, stellar and disk parameters influence one another, which motivated us to develop a combined stellar and disk model. This makes a combined numerical model, with the disk evolving alongside the star, the next logical step in the progress of studying early stellar evolution.

Aims. We aim to understand the effects of metallicity on the accretion disk and the stellar spin evolution during the T Tauri phase.

Methods. We combined the numerical treatment of a hydrodynamic disk with stellar evolution, including a stellar spin model and allowing a self-consistent calculation of the back-reactions between the individual components.

Results. We present the self-consistent theoretical evolution of T Tauri stars coupled to a stellar disk. We find that disks in low-metallicity environments are heated differently and have shorter lifetimes compared to their solar-metallicity counterparts. Differences in stellar radii, the contraction rate of the stellar radius, and the shorter disk lifetimes result in low-metallicity stars rotating more rapidly.

Conclusions. We present an additional explanation for the observed short disk lifetimes in low-metallicity clusters. A combination of our model with those of previous studies (e.g., a metallicity-based photo-evaporation) could help us understand disk evolution and dispersal at different metallicities. Furthermore, our stellar spin evolution model includes several important effects that had previously been ignored (e.g., the stellar magnetic field strength and a realistic calculation of the disk lifetime). We encourage others to include our results as initial or input parameters in further spin evolution models that cover the stellar evolution toward and during the main sequence.
Improved infrared spectroscopy technique to resolve rotational peaks in gas phase spectra
Authors: Larter Raima
Published: November 2022

The method can be used at any temperature, on mixtures, and has applications in chemistry and astronomy.
Analytic modeling of neural tissue: II. Nonlinear membrane dynamics
Authors: Schwartz B. L. , Brown S. M. , Muthuswamy J. , Sadleir R. J.
Published: November 2022

Computational modeling of neuroactivity plays a central role in our effort to understand brain dynamics in the advancements of neural engineering such as deep brain stimulation, neuroprosthetics, and magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography. However, analytic solutions do not capture the fundamental nonlinear behavior of an action potential. What is needed is a method that is not constrained to only linearized models of neural tissue. Therefore, the objective of this study is to establish a robust, straightforward process for modeling neurodynamic phenomena, which preserves their nonlinear features. To address this, we turn to decomposition methods from homotopy analysis, which have emerged in recent decades as powerful tools for solving nonlinear differential equations. We solve the nonlinear ordinary differential equations of three landmark models of neural conduction—Ermentrout–Kopell, FitzHugh–Nagumo, and Hindmarsh–Rose models—using George Adomian’s decomposition method. For each variable, we construct a power series solution equivalent to a generalized Taylor series expanded about a function. The first term of the decomposition series comes from the models’ initial conditions. All subsequent terms are recursively determined from the first. We show rapid convergence, achieving a maximal error of <10−12 with only eight terms. We extend the region of convergence with one-step analytic continuation so that our complete solutions are decomposition splines. We show that this process can yield solutions for single- and multi-variable models and can characterize a single action potential or complex bursting patterns. Finally, we show that the accuracy of this decomposition approach favorably compares to an established polynomial method, B-spline collocation. The strength of this method, besides its stability and ease of computation, is that, unlike perturbation, we make no changes to the models’ equations; thus, our solutions are to the problems at hand, not simplified versions. This work validates decomposition as a viable technique for advanced neural engineering studies.
Costs of major complications in people with and without diabetes in Tasmania, Australia
Authors: Dinh Ngan T. T. , de Graaff Barbara , Campbell Julie A. , Jose Matthew D. , John Burgess , Saunder Timothy , Kitsos Alex , Wiggins Nadine , Palmer Andrew J.
Published: November 2022

Objective We set out to estimate healthcare costs of diabetes complications in the year of first occurrence and the second year, and to quantify the incremental costs of diabetes versus non-diabetes related to each complication. Methods In this cohort study, people with diabetes (n = 45 378) and their age/sex propensity score matched controls (n = 90 756) were identified from a linked dataset in Tasmania, Australia between 2004 and 2017. Direct costs (including hospital, emergency room visits and pathology costs) were calculated from the healthcare system perspective and expressed in 2020 Australian dollars. The average-per-patient costs and the incremental costs in people with diabetes were calculated for each complication. Results First-year costs when the complications occurred were: dialysis $78 152 (95% CI 71 095, 85 858), lower extremity amputations $63 575 (58 290, 68 688), kidney transplant $48 487 (33 862, 68 283), non-fatal myocardial infarction $30 827 (29 558, 32 197), foot ulcer/gangrene $29 803 (27 183, 32 675), ischaemic heart disease $29 160 (26 962, 31 457), non-fatal stroke $27 782 (26 285, 29 354), heart failure $27 379 (25 968, 28 966), kidney failure $24 904 (19 799, 32 557), angina pectoris $18 430 (17 147, 19 791), neuropathy $15 637 (14 265, 17 108), nephropathy $15 133 (12 285, 18 595), retinopathy $14 775 (11 798, 19 199), transient ischaemic attack $13 905 (12 529, 15 536), vitreous hemorrhage $13 405 (10 241, 17 321), and blindness/low vision $12 941 (8164, 19 080). The second-year costs ranged from 16% (ischaemic heart disease) to 74% (dialysis) of first-year costs. Complication costs were 109–275% higher than in people without diabetes. Conclusions Diabetes complications are costly, and the costs are higher in people with diabetes than without diabetes. Our results can be used to populate diabetes simulation models and will support policy analyses to reduce the burden of diabetes.
Trends of extreme US weather events in the changing climate
Authors: Shenoy Saahil , Gorinevsky Dimitry , Trenberth Kevin E. , Chu Steven
Published: November 2022

Trends in extreme 100-y events of temperature and rainfall amounts in the continental United States are estimated, to see effects of climate change. This is a nontrivial statistical problem because climate change effects have to be extracted from “noisy” weather data within a limited time range. We use nonparametric Bayesian methods to estimate the trends of extreme events that have occurred between 1979 and 2019, based on data for temperature and rainfall. We focus on 100-y events for each month in

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geographical areas looking at hourly temperature and 5-d cumulative rainfall. Distribution tail models are constructed using extreme value theory (EVT) and data on 33-y events. This work shows it is possible to aggregate data from spatial points in diverse climate zones for a given month and fit an EVT model with the same parameters. This surprising result means there are enough extreme event data to see the trends in the 41-y record for each calendar month. The yearly trends of the risk of a 100-y high-temperature event show an average 2.1-fold increase over the last 41 y of data across all months, with a 2.6-fold increase for the months of July through October. The risk of high rainfall extremes increases in December and January 1.4-fold, but declines by 22% for the spring and summer months.
Political leadership has limited impact on fossil fuel taxes and subsidies
Authors: Martinez-Alvarez Cesar B. , Hazlett Chad , Mahdavi Paasha , Ross Michael L.
Published: November 2022

For countries to rapidly decarbonize, they need strong leadership, according to both academic studies and popular accounts. But leadership is difficult to measure, and its importance is unclear. We use original data to investigate the role of presidents, prime ministers, and monarchs in 155 countries from 1990 to 2015 in changing their countries’ gasoline taxes and subsidies. Our findings suggest that the impact of leaders on fossil fuel taxes and subsidies is surprisingly limited and often ephemeral. This holds true regardless of the leader’s age, gender, education, or political ideology. Rulers who govern during an economic crisis perform no better or worse than other rulers. Even presidents and prime ministers who were recognized by the United Nations for environmental leadership had no more success than other leaders in reducing subsidies or raising fuel taxes. Where leaders appear to play an important role—primarily in countries with large subsidies—their reforms often failed, with subsidies returning to prereform levels within the first 12 mo 62% of the time, and within 5 y 87% of the time. Our findings suggest that leaders of all types find it exceptionally hard to raise the cost of fossil fuels for consumers. To promote deep decarbonization, leaders are likely to have more success with other types of policies, such as reducing the costs and increasing the availability of renewable energy.
The moral filter of patriotic prejudice: How Americans view Chinese in the COVID-19 era
Authors: He Qian , Xie Yu
Published: November 2022

About one in six Asian Americans have fallen victim to anti-Asian racism during the COVID-19 pandemic [J. Lee, K. Ramakrishnan,
aapidata.com/blog/discrimination-survey-2022/
]. By examining anti-Asian racism in the United States primarily as a domestic issue, most prior studies have overlooked the connections between shifting US-China relations and Americans’ prejudices against the Chinese in China and, by extension, East Asian Americans. This study investigates the patterns and perceptual bases of nationality-based prejudices against Chinese amid the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Our nationally representative online survey experiment reveals that Americans assess a hypothetical Chinese person in China as inferior in multiple social and psychological characteristics to an otherwise identical Japanese person in Japan or East Asian American. Furthermore, subjects who perceive China as more threatening to America’s national interests assess Chinese more negatively, especially in terms of trustworthiness and morality, suggesting that perceived China threats propel Americans’ negative stereotypes about Chinese. A contextual analysis further indicates that counties with a higher share of Trump voters in 2016 tend to perceive all East Asian–origin groups similarly as a racial outgroup. By contrast, residents in predominantly Democrat-voting counties tend to perceive Chinese in China more negatively relative to Asian Americans, despite broadly viewing East Asians more favorably. Overall, this study underscores the often-overlooked relationships between the prevailing anti-Asian sentiments in the United States and the US-China geopolitical tensions and America’s domestic political polarization.
Is my mobile phone listening to me?
Authors: Jones Rodney H.
Published: November 2022

Despite denials from tech executives, fact-checks from journalists and explanations from security experts, the “conspiracy theory” that internet companies listen to people’s conversations via the microphones in their mobile phones persists. This paper explores the ways people make sense of their everyday encounters with digital surveillance, and how they engage with or resist conspiratorial thinking in the context of the actual conspiracies implicated in the exploitative business models of tech companies. It examines how people talk about their lived experiences of being monitored, and how they work together with others to construct improvised epistemologies to explain them. The data come from a corpus of online discussions on digital surveillance from Reddit, YouTube and Quora. The analysis suggests while the theories that grow out of personal stories of digital surveillance may not be technologically accurate, they still constitute a kind of emerging digital literacy, a collective effort to make sense of and take a stance against the intrusive practices of tech companies. Such talk also serves a social function, providing people with ways to collectively narrativize their feelings of dwindling autonomy and to work together to formulate strategies to cope with complex technological and economic forces influencing contemporary communication.
“These cameras won’t show the crowds”
Authors: Campolong Kelsey
Published: November 2022

This chapter uses a linguistically-based critical discourse analytic framework to identify, isolate, and contextualize the discursive strategies involved in the construction of conspiracy theories in former US President Donald Trump’s campaign-style rally speeches. Unlike simple falsehoods, conspiracy theories are discursively constructed, repeated, and must involve (specific or vague) accusations about certain agents acting against another party surreptitiously. This chapter analyzes the discursive strategies Trump uses to construct the “crowd size” conspiracy theory: the oft-repeated claim in Trumpian discourse that Trump’s opponents (especially the media) routinely manipulate, mask, and underestimate the number of Trump’s supporters who come to see him at events. Five discursive strategies are identified: the iconization of stock phrases, the repetition of numbers, insults, intertextuality, and recursivity. I also demonstrate how the application of these strategies is necessarily intradiscursively intertextual, i.e., characterized by repetition and reference across both speech genre (campaign rallies) and discursive context (Trumpian discourse) more broadly.
Post-processing influence on additively produced Ti–6Al–4V alloy structure and mechanical properties
Authors: Sokolov Pavel , Koshmin Alexander , Aleschenko Alexander , Patrin Pavel
Published: November 2022

This article studies the formation of microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V alloy manufactured by direct laser deposition (DLD) as a result of post-processing. Heat treatment, hot rolling and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) of additively produced material as well as different combinations of these methods were carried out as part of the investigation. It was determined that material density increased as an average of 0.05% as a result of post-processing. Specimen's microstructure changed subtly upon post-processing, however, HIP of specimens caused widmanstatten structure decomposition and resulted in the most intense material strength deterioration. Post-processing including plastic deformation causes a decrease in material tensile strength at an average of 3% and an increase in elongation by almost 2 times.
Multiscale entropy as a metric of brain maturation in a large cohort of typically developing children born preterm using longitudinal high-density EEG in the first two years of life
Authors: Pelc Karine , Gajewska Aleksandra , Napiórkowski Natan , Dan Jonathan , Verhoeven Caroline , Dan Bernard
Published: November 2022

Objective. We aimed to analyze whether complexity of brain electrical activity (EEG) measured by multiscale entropy (MSE) increases with brain maturation during the first two years of life. We also aimed to investigate whether this complexity shows regional differences across the brain, and whether changes in complexity are influenced by extrauterine life experience duration. Approach. We measured MSE of EEG signals recorded longitudinally using a high-density setup (64 or 128 electrodes) in 84 typically developing infants born preterm (<32 weeks’ gestation) from term age to two years. We analyzed the complexity index and maximum value of MSE over increasing age, across brain regions, and in function of extrauterine life duration, and used correlation matrices as a metric of functional connectivity of the cerebral cortex. Main results. We found an increase of strong inter-channel correlation of MSE (R > 0.8) with increasing age. Regional analysis showed significantly increased MSE between 3 and 24 months of corrected age in the posterior and middle regions with respect to the anterior region. We found a weak relationship (adjusted R2 = 0.135) between MSE and extrauterine life duration. Significance. These findings suggest that brain functional connectivity increases with maturation during the first two years of life. EEG complexity shows regional differences with earlier maturation of the visual cortex and brain regions involved in joint attention than of regions involved in cognitive analysis, abstract thought, and social behavior regulation. Finally, our MSE analysis suggested only a weak influence of early extrauterine life experiences (prior to term age) on EEG complexity.
Material-based modeling of cavatappi artificial muscles
Authors: Higueras-Ruiz Diego R , Feigenbaum Heidi P , Shafer Michael W
Published: November 2022

Soft actuators show much promise for use in bioinspired and biomimetic robotics as they share many similarities with actuation systems found in nature. Twisted and coiled actuators are soft actuators that have been shown to outperform many metrics of biological muscles, leading researchers to derive actuation models for future control and implementation. Although models have been proposed for twisted and coiled carbon nanotubes and polymer fibers, cavatappi artificial muscles—a novel twisted and coiled fluidic soft actuator—have not been modeled yet. This work establishes a framework for modeling cavatappi using the thick-wall pressure vessel stress analysis and the spring theory. The presented model uses the mechanical properties of the precursor drawn material used for fabrication, initial twist (internal fiber angle), muscle geometry, and internal pressure to predict the artificial muscles contraction under different external loads. The model predictions agree with the experimental results for cavatappi of different internal fiber angles and load conditions. Given their potential implementation in bioinspired applications, our model can help better design, optimize, and control the actuation response of cavatappi.