bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Torus and polar dust dependence on active galactic nucleus properties
Authors: García-Bernete I. , González-Martín O. , Ramos Almeida C. , Alonso-Herrero A. , Martínez-Paredes M. , Ward M. J. , Roche P. F. , Acosta-Pulido J. A. , López-Rodríguez E. , Rigopoulou D. , Esparza-Arredondo D.
Published: October 2022

We present a statistical analysis of the properties of the obscuring material around active galactic nuclei (AGN). This study represents the first of its kind for an ultra-hard X-ray (14–195 keV; Swift/BAT), volume-limited (DL <  40 Mpc) sample of 24 Seyfert (Sy) galaxies (BCS40 sample) using high angular resolution infrared data and various torus models: smooth, clumpy, and two-phase torus models and clumpy disc+wind models. We find that torus models (i.e. without including the polar dusty wind component) and disc+wind models provide the best fits for a comparable number of galaxies, 8 out of 24 (33.3%) and 9 out of 24 (37.5%), respectively. We find that the best-fit models depend on the hydrogen column density (NHX−ray), which is related to the X-ray (unobscured or obscured) and optical (Sy1/Sy2) classification. In particular, smooth, clumpy, and two-phase torus models are best at reproducing the infrared (IR) emission of AGN with relatively high hydrogen column density (median value of log (NHX−ray cm−2) = 23.5 ± 0.8; i.e. Sy2). However, clumpy disc+wind models provide the best fits to the nuclear IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of Sy1/1.8/1.9 (median value of log (NHX−ray cm−2) = 21.0 ± 1.0) – specifically, in the near-infrared (NIR) range. The success of the disc+wind models in fitting the NIR emission of Sy1 galaxies is due to the combination of adding large graphite grains to the dust composition and self-obscuration effects caused by the wind at intermediate inclinations. In general, we find that the Seyfert galaxies having unfavourable (favourable) conditions, namely, nuclear hydrogen column density and Eddington ratio, for launching IR dusty polar outflows are best-fitted with smooth, clumpy, and two-phase torus (disc+wind) models, confirming the predictions from simulations. Therefore, our results indicate that the nature of the inner dusty structure in AGN depends on the intrinsic AGN properties.
Polarization independent 2×2 multimode interference coupler with bricked subwavelength metamaterial
Authors: Pérez-Armenta Carlos , Ortega-Moñux Alejandro , Luque-González José Manuel , Halir Robert , Reyes-Iglesias Pedro , Schmid Jens H. , Cheben Pavel , Molina-Fernández íñigo , Wangüemert Pérez J. Gonzalo
Published: October 2022

The silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform enables high integration density in photonic integrated circuits while maintaining compatibility with CMOS fabrication processes. Nevertheless, its inherently high modal birefringence hinders the development of polarization-insensitive devices. The dispersion and anisotropy engineering leveraging subwavelength grating (SWG) metamaterials makes possible the development of polarization agnostic waveguide components. In this work we build upon the bricked SWG metamaterial nanostructures to design a polarization independent 2×2 multimode interference (MMI) coupler for the 220 nm SOI platform, operating in the telecom O-band. The designed device exhibits a 160 nm bandwidth with excess loss, polarization dependent loss and imbalance below 1 dB and phase error lower than 5°.
State-of-the-art and next-generation integrated photonic design
Authors: Pond James , Wang Xu , Lu Zeqin , Duque Gomez Federico , Alam Ahsan , Gitt Sebastian , McGuire Dylan , Young Jeff , Lamant Gilles
Published: October 2022

The relentless need for higher bandwidth, lower power and lower cost data communications has driven tremendous innovation in integrated photonics in recent years. This innovation has been supported by state-of-the-art electronic-photonic design automation (EPDA) workflows, which enable process design kit (PDK) centred schematic driven design and layout, as well as statistically enabled electro-optical simulation. In addition, custom components can be introduced and optimized for a specific foundry process using advanced methods such as photonic inverse design and machine learning. While much of the innovation has been motivated by data communications, it has enabled a variety of different applications such as sensing, integrated LiDAR and quantum information technologies. We discuss the latest innovations in EPDA workflows and show how a silicon photonic ring-based wavelength demultiplexing (WDM) system can be easily designed, simulated and implemented. In addition, we discuss the extension of these workflows to support the design and simulation of quantum photonic devices, enabling designers to consider the effects of realistic sources and manufacturing imperfections when designing quantum building blocks to meet specific fidelity and fault tolerance thresholds.
Trans-scleral Illumination - The Future of Retinal Imaging?
Authors: Terry Joel , Geddes Daniel , Ochoa-Gutierrez Victor , Yang Zhiyuan , Smith Kenneth J. , Harvey Andrew R.
Published: October 2022

We report how illumination of the retina through the sclera enables the recording of high-contrast reflectance and fluorescence images of the retina, free of the cornea and lens glare and autofluoresence that degrades images recorded using traditional illumination through the pupil.
Including Fresnel reflection losses in freeform lens design
Authors: van Roosmalen A.H. , Anthonissen M.J.H. , IJzerman W.L. , ten Thije Boonkkamp J.H.M.
Published: October 2022

We present an inverse method for optical design that compensates local Fresnel reflections. We elaborate this method for a point source and far-field target. We modify an existing design algorithm based on the least-squares method. This is done in such a way that the shape of the transmitted intensity is as desired.
Plasma jet assisted polishing of fused silica freeform optics
Authors: Arnold Thomas , Boehm Georg , Mueller Heike , Ehrhardt Martin , Zimmer Klaus
Published: October 2022

Atmospheric pressure plasma jet machining technology not only provides a flexible and efficient way to generate and correct optical freeform surfaces made of fused silica, it can also be applied as a surface smoothing or polishing technique. Thermal plasma jet treatment leads to softening and redistribution of the material. An accurate temperature regime during the process is inevitable to achieve a uniformly smoothed surface. The possibilities for inȭprocess temperature control are demonstrated. Surface roughness values can be significantly reduced by a factor of 1000 depending on the initial roughness of the ground surface.
Removing microdefects on glass surfaces using laser radiation
Authors: Goetze Kerstin , Bischoff Juergen , Bliedtner Jens , Faehnle Oliver , Kahl Michael
Published: October 2022

Scratches and microdefects on glass surfaces significantly impair the optical and mechanical properties of optical components. They already occur during mechanical processing (shaping) and have to be removed in several specific processing steps. A process is presented with which scratches and microdefects can be removed by means of CO2laser radiation.
Light Scattering from Contamination and Defects - Measurement, Analysis, and Modelling
Authors: Tobias Herffurth , Bergner Alexander , Schröder Sven , Trost Marcus
Published: October 2022

Light scattering induced by contamination and defects on optical components can quickly limit the component’s performance. Therefore, imperfection analysis and budgeting are mandatory - but also challenging tasks. On the other hand, imperfections can be elegantly characterized using efficient, robust and non-contact light scattering techniques. This will be demonstrated in this contribution for area covering measurement approaches using laboratory instruments with highest sensitivity as well as elaborated sensor systems that are best suited for extended freeform surfaces. Moreover, the measurement results are used to derive practical imperfection scattering data and models that serve as input to model and predict the imperfection induced scattering on optical system level.
Optical Design at The Age of AI
Authors: Thibault Simon , Côté Geoffroi , Buque Julie , Lalonde Jean-Francois
Published: October 2022

Data-driven methods to assist lens design have recently begun to emerge; in particular, under the form of lens design extrapolation to find starting points (lenses and freeform reflective system). I proposed a trip over the years to better understand why the AI have been applied first to the starting point problems and where we are going in the future.
Polarization Sensitive Digital Holographic Imaging in Biology
Authors: Coppola Giuseppe , Mangini Maria , Zito Gianluigi , De Tommasi Edoardo , De Luca Anna Chiara , Ferrara Maria Antonietta
Published: October 2022

A new, simple digital holography-based polarization microscope for quantitative birefringence imaging of biological cells is presented. As a proof of concept, two different class of cells have been characterized by polarization sensitive digital holographic imaging (PSDHI). These two cases study reported are: differentiation of leukaemia cells and identification of reacted sperm cells. Although further experimentation is necessary, the suggested approach could represent a prospective label-free diagnostic tool for use in biological and medical research and diagnosis.
Phase contrast imaging to detect transparent cells in the retinal ganglion cells layer
Authors: Gofas-Salas Elena , Norberg Nathaniel , Louapre Céline , Beigneux Ysoline , Vignal Clermont Catherine , Paques Michel , Grieve Kate
Published: October 2022

The eye is an optical window giving access to neural networks in a non-invasive way. It is possible to find in the retina biomarkers informing about the pathological state of other parts of the human body, and in particular of the brain. Neurodegenerative diseases could thus be diagnosed early and monitored by high-resolution imaging of the retina. However, a large part of the neurons in the retina are too transparent to be detected by existing techniques. At the Quinze-Vingts hospital, we have a unique retinal imaging platform in which ophthalmologists, neurologists and engineers participate. We implemented a technique based on scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) to capture the fine variations in refractive index between retinal cells. In this project we aimed at imaging and monitor cellular changes on transparent cells in the retinal ganglion cells layer in vivo on healthy participants and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
Cooperative Spontaneous Four-wave Mixing in Single-channel and Dualchannel Sequences of Side-coupled Ring Resonators
Authors: Mataji-Kojouri Amideddin , Borghi Massimo , Sabattoli Federico A. , El Dirani Houssein , Youssef Laurene , Petit-Etienne Camille , Pargon Erwine , Sipe John E. , Liscidini Marco , Sciancalepore Corrado , Galli Matteo , Bajoni Daniele
Published: October 2022

Cooperative photon pair generation by Spontaneous Four-Wave Mixing (SFWM) process in singlechannel and dual-channel side-coupled ring resonator sequences is investigated. Our analysis shows that superlinear growth of generation rate with respect to the number of rings is possible even in presence of loss. Experimental evidence of super-SFWM is provided by comparing individual and collective generation rates obtained from a dual-channel ring resonator sequence. The results are in good agreement with theory and suggest that high photon pair generation rates can be achieved from integrated silicon ring resonator sequences without initiating nonlinear absorption processes.
Supercontinuum generation in the enhanced frequency chirp regime in multipass cells
Authors: Segundo Staels Víctor W. , Conejero Jarque Enrique , Carlson Daniel , Hemmer Michaël , Kapteyn Henry C. , Murnane Margaret M. , San Roman Julio
Published: October 2022

We identify, via numerical simulations, the regime of enhanced frequency chirp during nonlinear propagation in multipass cell. This regime - used before the dawn of chirped pulse amplification to generate ultrashort pulses - paves the way for the generation of temporally clean few-cycle pulses. Here, we demonstrate numerically that the spectra of pulses from an Yb-based laser system can be broadened into a flat supercontinuum with a smooth spectral phase compatible with a clean few-cycle pulse with temporal secondary structures with peak intensity below 0.5% that of the main peak.
Demonstration of propagation-invariant 3D space-time wave packets
Authors: Yessenov Murat , Free Justin , Chen Zhaozhong , Johnson Eric G. , Lavery Martin P. J. , Alonso Miguel A. , Abouraddy Ayman F.
Published: October 2022

We present the first demonstration of propagation-invariant space-time (ST) wave packets localized in all dimensions - 2D space and 1D time. By introducing orbital-angular-momentum into the wave packets, we produce propagation-invariant ST-OAM wave packets traveling at arbitrary group velocities. Our results show 4× improvement in propagation distance of 3D ST wave packets compared with a separable Bessel beam having similar spatial bandwidth.
THz frequency combs form dispersion-compensated antenna-coupled ring quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Micheletti Paolo , Senica Urban , Forrer Andres , Cibella Sara , Torrioli Giudo , Beck Mattias , Faist Jerome , Scalari Giacomo
Published: October 2022

We report comb operation of RF injected ring Quantum Cascade Lasers. A coupled waveguide approach is implemented for dispersion compensation while passive bullseye antenna improves the device power extraction and far field. Phase sensitive measurements are presented which hints at the presence of soliton state.
Tunable photoconductive devices based on graphene/WSe2 heterostructures
Authors: Tang Hongyu , Tagliabue Giulia
Published: October 2022

Optoelectronic tunability in van der Waals heterostructures is essential for their optoelectronic applications. In this work, tunable photoconductive properties were investigated in the heterostructures of WSe2 and monolayer graphene with different stacking orders on SiO2/Si substrates. Here, we demonstrated the effect of the material thickness of WSe2 and graphene on the interfacial charge transport, light absorption, and photoresponses. The results showed that the WSe2/graphene heterostructure exhibited positive photoconductivity after photoexcitation, while negative photoconductivity was observed in the graphene/WSe2 heterostructures. The tunable photoconductive behaviors provide promising potential applications of van der Waals heterostructures in optoelectronics. This work has guiding significance for the realization of stacking engineering in van der Waals heterostructures.
Holographic single-image depth reconstruction
Authors: Hartlieb Simon , Schober Christian , Haist Tobias , Reichelt Stephan
Published: October 2022

In this article a camera-based single-image sensor is presented, that is able to measure the distance of multiple object points. The experimental results show an accuracy of 8,51 μm within a depth range of 20 mm. The sensor consists of a camera, whose lens is upgraded with a diffractive optical element (DOE). It fulfils two tasks: adding a vortex point spread function (PSF) and replication of the vortex PSFs to a predefined pattern of K spots. Both, shape and rotation of the vortex PSF is sensitive to defocus. By applying the depth reconstruction to each of the K replications and averaging the results, we experimentally show, that the reconstruction of the depth signal can be improved by a factor of up to 3.
Nanoform evaluation approach using Mueller matrix microscopy and machine learning concepts
Authors: Käseberg Tim , Grundmann Jana , Kroker Stefanie , Bodermann Bernd
Published: October 2022

We realized an imaging Mueller matrix microscope for nanostructure characterization. For investigations on nanoform characterization via Mueller matrix images, we measured and simulated Mueller matrix images of specially designed nanostructures. As an approach towards machine learning evaluation in imaging ellipsometry, we calculated Haar-like features of the images and observed a higher sensitivity to subwavelength features in off-diagonal matrix elements compared to microscopy.
Particle detection enhancement by combining coherent Fourier scatterometry with synthetic optical holography
Authors: Yin Haoyang , Kolenov Dmytro , Pereira Silvania
Published: October 2022

By combining coherent Fourier scatterometry (CFS) with synthetic optical holography (SOH) we show that the sensitivity of detection of isolated nanoparticles on surfaces can be substantially increased. This improvement is a result of the boost in the signal at the detector due to the added reference beam, and the reduction of background noise caused by the electronics. We demonstrate an improvement of sensitivity of about 4 dB for the case of detection of a 60 nm polystyrene latex (PSL) particle on a silicon wafer at the wavelength of 633 nm (∼ λ/10).
Coherent Fourier Scatterometry for defect detection on SiC samples
Authors: Rafighdoost Jila , Kolenov Dmytro , Pereira Silvania F.
Published: October 2022

Coherent Fourier Scatterometry (CFS) is a scatterometry technique that has been applied for grating and nanoparticle detection. Here, it has been challenged to verify the detectability of the so-called killer defects on SiC samples for power electronic applications. It has been shown that CFS is able to precisely recognize these defects regardless of their shape or size. CFS could be considered as a possible alternative for this purpose.
Gas-pressure tuning of wavelength of photon pair emitted by Four-Wave-Mixing in Nanofibers
Authors: Bonifacio Agathe , Lebrun Sylvie , Zerbib Maxime , Romanet Maxime , Beugnot Jean-Charles , Delaye Philippe
Published: October 2022

We present experimental results demonstrating the possibility to tune the wavelength of the photon pair emitted through four wave mixing in a nanofiber, using the pressure of a gas surrounding the nanofiber. Using Argon, a shift of idler wavelength of -1.1nm/bar is measured demonstrating fine adjustment possibility of emission wavelength, allowing to choose between different WDM channels.
Optical nanofibers for signal delaying
Authors: Matic Alexandre , Godet Adrien , Chrétien Jacques , Phan-Huy Kien , Beugnot Jean-Charles
Published: October 2022

In this abstract, we purpose an optical delay line based on optical nanofibers. Silica high elasticity and the low pulling force required to stretch a nanofiber allow to get optical delays up to 20 picoseconds with a 10 centimeter-long optical nanofiber at telecommunications wavelength.
Bragg gratings and BIO-Bragg-gratings in tapered optical fibers
Authors: Delgado-Pinar Martina , Díez Antonio , Cruz Jose Luis , Andrés Miguel V.
Published: October 2022

Tapered optical fibres are well-established devices for different applications, in order to exploit nonlinear effects, manage dispersion, excite azimuthal resonances in microresonators (so-called Whispering Gallery Modes). Also, the micro- or nanofibres guide optical-fields with large evanescent fields. In this talk, we will focus on the combination of tapers and Bragg gratings to perform novel optical devices. We will present two applications: the first, the fabrication of single-mode Bragg gratings in commercial multimode or few-mode tapered fibres by means of UV-photoinscription. The result is a grating that exhibits a single-mode reflection band and low insertion loss. The second application is the fabrication of Bio Bragg Gratings in micrometric tapers of single-mode fibres. In this case, the Bragg Grating is formed by a periodic pattern of biomolecules microstamped on the surface of the taper waist. As the molecules binds to its specific antibody, the reflectivity of this Bio Bragg Grating will increase, allowing quantification of the antibody concentration.
Extracting complex refractive indices from THz-TDS data with artificial neural networks
Authors: Klokkou Nicholas T. , Gorecki Jon , Wilkinson James S. , Apostolopoulos Vasilis
Published: October 2022

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) benefits from high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), however extraction of material parameters involves a number of steps which can introduce errors into the final result. We present the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) as the first step to achieve a comprehensive approach for the extraction of the complex refractive index from THz-TDS data. The ANN shows performance superior to approximation methods and has a more straightforward implementation than root finding methods. Deep and convolutional neural networks are demonstrated to accept an entire frequency range at once, providing a tool for fitting where SNR is low, producing a more stable result.
Applied Optics in the Development of Smart Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Rocha Segundo Iran , Landi Jr Salmon , Afonso Cátia , Lima Jr Orlando , Freitas Elisabete , Castelo Branco Verônica , Costa Manuel F. M. , Carneiro Joaquim
Published: October 2022

The functionalization of asphalt mixtures is carried out in order to provide new capabilities to the road pavements, with major social, environmental and financial benefits. Optical characterization techniques as well as optical processes like photocatalysis play a major role in the development of new asphalt mixtures with smart functions. These advanced capabilities which are being developed in asphalt mixtures are: photocatalytic, superhydrophobic, self-cleaning, de-icing/anti-ice, self-healing, thermochromic, and latent heat thermal energy storage. The main objective of this research work is to stress the importance of optics and photonics technologies giving an overview of advanced functionalized smart asphalt mixtures.
Plug and Play Colorimetric Carbon Dioxide Sensor
Authors: Mendes Nuno , Mendes João , Jorge Pedro , Coelho Luís C. C.
Published: October 2022

Carbon dioxide measurement is an important endeavor in many industries such as food packaging, grain storage and health industry. This work presents a reversible, plug and play and low-cost colorimetric CO2 sensor calibrated in a proper concentration ranging from 1% to 3% of CO2. The sensor showed potential for improvement to increase resolution, for measuring lower CO2 concentrations and for more accurate readings.
Automation strategies and machine learning algorithms towards real-time identification of optically trapped particles
Authors: Oliveira João , Rocha Vicente , Silva Nuno A. , Jorge Pedro A. S.
Published: October 2022

To automatically trap, manipulate and probe physical properties of micron-sized particles is a step of paramount importance for the development of intelligent and integrated optomicrofluidic devices. In this work, we aim at implementing an automatic classifier of micro-particles immersed in a fluid based on the concept of optical tweezers. We describe the automation steps of an experimental setup together with the implemented classification models using the forward scattered signal. The results show satisfactory accuracy around 80% for the identification of the type and size of particles using signals of 250 milliseconds of duration, which paves the path for future improvements towards real-time analysis of the trapped specimens.
Cancer : les causes de l’augmentation du nombre de cas en France
Authors: Launoy Guy
Published: October 2022

Le nombre de cancers a doublé entre 1980 et 2008 en France, alors que la mortalité par cancer ne
cesse de diminuer. Grâce aux 21 registres de cancer, coordonnés par le réseau FRANCIM, 20 % à
25 % des nouveaux cas sont enregistrés et des estimations nationales régulières peuvent être
fournies. Près de la moitié de l’augmentation du nombre de cas de cancers est due à l’augmentation
de la population française et à son vieillissement. Si l’on prend en compte ces évolutions,
l’augmentation du nombre de cas est d’abord due aux modifications des pratiques de soins :
développement des techniques d’imagerie diagnostique et surtout extension des dépistages. Pour
certains cancers, la question de la pertinence de la pratique actuelle de dépistage doit néanmoins
être posée.
Les nanomatériaux sont-ils dangereux pour notre santé ?
Authors: Lanone Sophie , Boczkowski Jorge
Published: October 2022

Les nanotechnologies produisent des matériaux à l’échelle du nanomètre appelés nanomatériaux.
Les nanomatériaux ont des propriétés spécifiques, très intéressantes d’un point de vue industriel,
ce qui explique leur production et leur utilisation croissantes dans des produits de consommation
courante, et en particulier dans des produits d’hygiène personnelle. Cependant, des inquiétudes
s’expriment concernant leur potentielle toxicité pour la santé humaine. Dans cet article, nous
proposons une synthèse des connaissances actuelles concernant les effets des nanomatériaux sur
la santé. Devant le champ quasi-vierge de ces connaissances, il apparaît urgent, d’une part, de
développer les recherches en toxicologie sur ces nouveaux matériaux et, d’autre part, de disposer
d’informations de la part des producteurs de nanomatériaux pour pouvoir mesurer les niveaux
d’exposition des personnes qui les manipulent. Ceci est un préalable à la mise en place de mesures
de précaution sanitaire appropriées, si cela s’avère nécessaire.
L’épidémiologie psychiatrique en question
Authors: Falissard Bruno
Published: October 2022

De nombreuses études scientifiques tentent de mesurer la proportion de personnes souffrant de
troubles mentaux comme la dépression ou l’anxiété généralisée dans la population. Les valeurs
obtenues posent souvent problème : que signifient-elles et quelle est leur pertinence scientifique ?
Comment les obtient-on ? Pour répondre à ces questions, il faut se souvenir que le malade est, par
définition, celui qui sonne à la porte du médecin. La maladie, quant à elle, est une construction,
un outil conceptuel qui aide le médecin à penser et à prendre en charge le malade. S’il existe
des classifications modernes des troubles mentaux, elles ont beaucoup de mal à définir clairement
ce qui caractérise le malade plutôt que la maladie. Une des grandes difficultés en épidémiologie
psychiatrique est d’« opérationnaliser » ce qu’est un trouble mental, c’est-à-dire de faciliter et
d’homogénéiser le diagnostic psychiatrique grâce à des instruments standardisés. Compte tenu de
cette complexité à la fois méthodologique et conceptuelle, la plus grande prudence s’impose aux
acteurs de santé publique quand ils prennent leurs décisions sur la base de mesures des différents
troubles psychiatriques dans la population générale.
La circoncision et la prévention de l’infection par le VIH en Afrique
Authors: Auvert Bertran
Published: October 2022

La circoncision est pratiquée en Afrique depuis plus de 4 000 ans, et actuellement, deux tiers
des hommes de ce continent sont circoncis. L’infection par le virus du SIDA – le virus de
l’immunodéficience acquise ou VIH – est moins fréquente dans les pays où la circoncision est
une norme sociale. Des études scientifiques, menées entre 2002 et 2007 dans trois pays
d’Afrique, ont permis d’établir une relation de cause à effet entre la circoncision et la réduction
du risque d’infection des hommes par le VIH. Depuis ces études princeps, et avec le soutien
d’organismes internationaux tels que l’OMS et l’ONU-SIDA, la généralisation de la circoncision est
en cours en Afrique australe et dans des régions d’Afrique de l’Est, là où vivent la plupart des
hommes non circoncis. Les premiers résultats sont encourageants. Ils démontrent la faisabilité
des programmes de circoncision de masse et prouvent que leur acceptation par les populations
peut être forte. Cependant, malgré le soutien de la communauté internationale, ces programmes
sont actuellement pénalisés par une mobilisation trop faible des gouvernements africains.
Vers un modèle organisationnel de la pratique du BIM basé sur l’ingénierie collaborative
Authors: Rezgui Hana , Ait Haddou Hassan , Camilleri Guy
Published: October 2022

Depuis plusieurs décennies le numérique a révolutionné le monde de la construction, l’avènement du BIM (building information modeling) a tenté de résoudre le problème de gestion de projets entre les collaborateurs. Après une large étude bibliographique sur l’adoption du BIM nous avons pu identifier un problème majeur dans la gestion de projets de construction : manque de communication et de collaboration entre les intervenants. Dans cet article nous allons tenter de résoudre ce problème par l’application d’une méthode d’ingénierie collaborative sur un projet architectural à l’aide du BIM pour résoudre la problématique du travail collaboratif. Pour ce faire nous proposons à l’aide d’une méthode de l’ingénierie de la collaboration, des modèles pour organiser le travail des acteurs en définissant des phases et des modes d’intervention, leurs temporalités.
Le continuum numérique n’existe pas : la projection architecturale comme discontinuité
Authors: Catros Aurélien
Published: October 2022

Grâce au concept de projection développé par Robin Evans à la fin des années 1980, nous proposons une définition du « continuum numérique ». Ce faisant, nous tentons d’intégrer les technologies de transfert en voie de démocratisation dans les pratiques contemporaines au sein d’une théorie plus vaste des sauts analogiques entre modèles architecturaux.
EFSUMB Clinical Practice Guidelines for Point-of-Care Ultrasound: Part One (Common Heart and Pulmonary Applications) LONG VERSION
Authors: Jarman Robert David , McDermott Cian , Colclough Anna , Bøtker Morten , Knudsen Lars , Harris Tim , Albaroudi Bilal , Albaroudi Omar , Haddad Mahmoud , Darke Robert , Berry Edward , Breslin Tomas , Fitzpatrick Gareth , Flanagan Leah , Olusanya Olusegun , Craver Dominic , Omar Adhnan , Simpson Thomas , Cherian Nishant , Dore Martin , Prosen Gregor , Kay Sharon , Villén-Villegas Tomás , Gargani Luna , Carley Simon , Woo Michael , Dupriez Florence , Hussain Arif , Via Gabriele , Connolly James Anthony , Peck Marcus , Melniker Larry , Walden Andrew , Attard Biancardi Mark Anthony , Żmijewska-Kaczor Olga , Lalande Elizabeth , Geukens Paul , McLaughlin Russell , Olszynski Paul , Hoffmann Beatrice , Chin Eric , Muhr Christopher , Kim Daniel J. , Mercieca Andre , Shukla Dharmesh , Hayward Simon , Smith Michael , Gaspari Romolo , Smallwood Nick , Pes Philippe , Tavazzi Guido , Corradi Francesco , Lambert Michael , Morris Craig , Trauer Michael , Baker Kylie , Bystrzycki Adam , Goudie Adrian , Liu Rachel , Rudd Lynne , Dietrich Christoph F. , Jenssen Christian , Sidhu Paul S.
Published: October 2022

Aims To evaluate the evidence and produce a summary and recommendations for the most common heart and lung applications of point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS).

Methods We reviewed 10 clinical domains/questions related to common heart and lung applications of PoCUS. Following review of the evidence, a summary and recommendation were produced, including assignment of levels of evidence (LoE) and grading of the recommendation, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE). 38 international experts, the expert review group (ERG), were invited to review the evidence presented for each question. A level of agreement of over 75 % was required to progress to the next section. The ERG then reviewed and indicated their level of agreement regarding the summary and recommendation for each question (using a 5-point Likert scale), which was approved if a level of agreement of greater than 75 % was reached. A level of agreement was defined as a summary of “strongly agree” and “agree” on the Likert scale responses.

Findings and Recommendations One question achieved a strong consensus for an assigned LoE of 3 and a weak GRADE recommendation (question 1). The remaining 9 questions achieved broad agreement with one assigned an LoE of 4 and weak GRADE recommendation (question 2), three achieving an LoE of 3 with a weak GRADE recommendation (questions 3–5), three achieved an LoE of 3 with a strong GRADE recommendation (questions 6–8), and the remaining two were assigned an LoE of 2 with a strong GRADE recommendation (questions 9 and 10).

Conclusion These consensus-derived recommendations should aid clinical practice and highlight areas of further research for PoCUS in acute settings.
Patterns of Prenatal Care Delivery and Obstetric Outcomes before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kern-Goldberger Adina R. , Sheils Natalie E. , Ventura Maria Eloisa M. , Paderanga Ana Jane A. , Janer Ciara D. , Donato Patricia Rose B. , Asch David A. , Srinivas Sindhu K.
Published: October 2022

Objective Health care providers and health systems confronted new challenges to deliver timely, high-quality prenatal care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as the pandemic raised concerns that care would be delayed or substantively changed. This study describes trends in prenatal care delivery in 2020 compared with 2018 to 2019 in a large, commercially insured population and investigates changes in obstetric care processes and outcomes.

Study Design This retrospective cohort study uses de-identified administrative claims for commercially insured patients. Patients whose entire pregnancy took place from March 1 to December 31 in years 2018, 2019, and 2020 were included. Trends in prenatal care, including in-person, virtual, and emergency department visits, were evaluated, as were prenatal ultrasounds. The primary outcome was severe maternal morbidity (SMM). Secondary outcomes included preterm birth and stillbirth. To determine whether COVID-19 pandemic-related changes in prenatal care had an impact on maternal outcomes, we compared the outcome rates during the pandemic period in 2020 to equivalent periods in 2018 and 2019.

Results In total, 35,112 patients were included in the study. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of telehealth visits, from 1.1 to 1.2% prior to the pandemic to 17.2% in 2020, as well as a significant decrease in patients who had at least one emergency department visit during 2020. Overall prenatal care and ultrasound utilization were unchanged. The rate of SMM across this period was stable (2.3–2.8%) with a statistically significant decrease in the preterm birth rate in 2020 (7.4%) compared with previous years (8.2–8.6%; p < 0.05) and an unchanged stillbirth rate was observed.

Conclusion At a time when many fields of health care were reshaped during the pandemic, these observations reveal considerable resiliency in both the processes and outcomes of obstetric care.

Key Points
Low risk of local recurrence after a successful en bloc endoscopic submucosal dissection for noninvasive colorectal lesions with positive horizontal resection margins (R-ESD study)
Authors: Haasnoot Krijn J. C. , Baldaque-Silva Francisco , Koch Arjun , Figueiredo Ferreira Mariana , Santos-Antunes João , Dias Emanuel , Omae Masami , van Tilburg Laurelle , Dang Hao , Lemmers Arnaud , Boonstra Jurjen J. , Moons Leon M. G.
Published: October 2022

Background During endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), the normal mucosa is cut under constant optical control. We studied whether a positive horizontal resection margin after a complete en bloc ESD predicts local recurrence.

Methods In this European multicenter cohort study, patients with a complete en bloc colorectal ESD were selected from prospective registries. Cases were defined by a horizontal resection margin that was positive or indeterminate for dysplasia (HM1), whereas controls had a free resection margin (HM0). Low risk lesions with submucosal invasion (T1) and margins free of carcinoma were analyzed separately. The main outcome was local recurrence.

Results From 928 consecutive ESDs (2011–2020), 354 patients (40 % female; mean age 67 years, median follow-up 23.6 months), with 308 noninvasive lesions and 46 T1 lesions, were included. The recurrence rate for noninvasive lesions was 1/212 (0.5 %; 95 %CI 0.02 %–2.6 %) for HM0 vs. 2/96 (2.1 %; 95 %CI 0.57 %–7.3 %) for HM1. The recurrence rate for T1 lesions was 1/38 (2.6 %; 95 %CI 0.14 %–13.5 %) for HM0 vs. 2/8 (25 %; 95 %CI 7.2 %–59.1 %) for HM1.

Conclusion A positive horizontal resection margin after an en bloc ESD for noninvasive lesions is associated with a marginal nonsignificant increase in the local recurrence rate, equal to an ESD with clear horizontal margins. This could not be confirmed for T1 lesions.
Trends in American scientists’ political donations and implications for trust in science
Authors: Kaurov Alexander A. , Cologna Viktoria , Tyson Charlie , Oreskes Naomi
Published: October 2022

Scientists in the United States are more politically liberal than the general population. This fact has fed charges of political bias. To learn more about scientists’ political behavior, we analyze publicly available Federal Election Commission data. We find that scientists who donate to federal candidates and parties are far more likely to support Democrats than Republicans, with less than 10 percent of donations going to Republicans in recent years. The same pattern holds true for employees of the academic sector generally, and for scientists employed in the energy sector. This was not always the case: Before 2000, political contributions were more evenly divided between Democrats and Republicans. We argue that these observed changes are more readily explained by changes in Republican Party attitudes toward science than by changes in American scientists. We reason that greater public involvement by centrist and conservative scientists could help increase trust in science among Republicans.
Investigation of the role of fishbone activity in the formation of internal transport barrier in HL-2A plasma
Authors: Deng Wei , Liu Y. , Ge W. L. , Jiang Min , Shi Z. B. , Li Dong , Ji X. Q. , Dong Y. B. , Wang Feng , Cao J. Y. , Zhong W. L. , Gao J. M. , Po Zhang Yi , Li Yong Gao , Wang Z. X. , Xu Min , Duan X. R.
Published: October 2022

A tokamak scenario with q(0) close to 1 has been achieved on HL-2A tokamak, which is an internal transport barrier (ITB) at low central shear or a steady-state ITB combined with an H-mode edge barrier. In this scenario, the formation of an ITB with a steep ion temperature profile is observed to be closely linked to the q = 1 magnetic surface and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activities around it, such as long-lived mode (LLM) or fishbone activities. Experimental evidence and simulation analysis suggest that the fishbone activities can induce a poloidal flow, which is beneficial for the suppression of turbulence in the plasma core region. Furthermore, an application of central electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) to such beam-heated weak shear ITB discharges leads to a substantial effect on central MHD stability, converting the LLM into fishbone activity and hence enhancing the strength of the ITB with a much stronger gradient. Moreover, ITBs in combination with an H-mode barrier were achieved for 10 confinement times with βN = 2.0.
Using tabulated NLTE data for Hohlraum simulations
Authors: Scott H. A. , Harte J. A. , Foord M. E. , Woods D. T.
Published: October 2022

Non-local thermodyamic equilibrium (NLTE) atomic kinetics is necessary in inertial confinement fusion Hohlraum simulations for adequately modeling high-Z walls and dopants but is computationally very expensive. We present here an approach for tabulating NLTE material data in an economical manner. Material properties for an arbitrary radiation field are provided through tabulated data for a limited set of radiation fields plus derivatives with respect to components of those radiation fields. We have implemented this method in a radiation-hydrodynamics code and compare Hohlraum simulations done with inline NLTE calculations with those done with tables constructed from the same atomic data. The results demonstrate that NLTE tables can replace inline calculations in Hohlraum simulations without a significant loss of accuracy.
Field synergy principle for compressible laminar flow and the application for drag reduction in microchannel
Authors: Yin Hanshuo , Lei Yonggang , Li Angui , Song Chongfang , Du Baocun
Published: October 2022

Considering the density variation of compressible fluid, the field synergy principle for compressible laminar flow is presented based on the incompressible flow field synergy principle. The flow resistance is related to the synergy of velocity field and density logarithmic gradient field. Based on the principle of minimum mechanical energy dissipation, the compressible laminar flow field synergy equation is derived. The field synergy principle is verified by an example of the microchannel with expansion cross section, and the structure is optimized. The results indicate that the viscous dissipation value in the entire flow domain of the optimized structure can be reduced by 13.5%, and the angle between the velocity vector and the gradient field of logarithm of density increases. In fluid flows, it will reduce the fluid flow drag to decrease the synergy angle between the velocity vector and the gradient field of logarithm of density.
Equilibrium shapes of two- and three-dimensional two-phase rotating fluid drops with surface tension: Effects of inner drop displacement
Authors: Butler S. L.
Published: October 2022

The shapes of rotating fluid drops held together by surface tension are an important field of study in fluid mechanics. Recently, experiments with micrometer-scale droplets of liquid helium have been undertaken and it has proven useful to compare the shapes of the resultant superfluid droplets with classical analogs. If the helium is a mixture of He3 and He4, two phases are present. In a recent paper, the shapes of rotating two-phase fluid droplets were calculated where the inner drop was constrained to stay at the drop center. The outer shapes and dimensionless rotation rate–angular momentum relationships were shown to be similar to single-phase drops, providing that the density and surface tension scales were chosen appropriately. In the current paper, I investigate models in which the inner drop can displace from the center. In order to simplify the analyses, two-dimensional drops are first investigated. I show that the inner drop is unstable in the center position if its density is greater than the outer density and that the inner drop will move toward the outer boundary of the drop in these cases. When the inner drop has a higher density than the outer drop, the moment of inertia of displaced inner drops is increased relative to centered drops, and hence, the kinetic energy is decreased. Shapes of two- and three-dimensional drops, rotation rate–angular momentum, and kinetic and surface energy relationships are investigated for off-axis inner drops with parameters relevant to recent liquid He experiments.
Understanding the difference in the stretched structural relaxations probed by dielectric and enthalpic studies of glass forming substances
Authors: Li Xu-Dong , Jin Xiao , Li Zijing , Liu Yingdan , Feng Shidong , Wang Li-Min
Published: October 2022

We investigated the stretched dynamics of the structural relaxation in molecular glass formers by using dielectric and thermal (or enthalpic) relaxations. The dielectric stretching exponents βdie are determined by the Havriliak–Negami function, while the enthalpic βTNMH is quantified by using the Tool–Narayanaswamy–Moynihan–Hodge formalism. We found βTNMH is anticorrelated with the degree of freedom, a molecule addressed by the concept of beads. Referring to the reported relation of βdie to the dipole moment μ, we proposed a combined parameter of μ2*beads, which can rationalize the difference in stretching exponents obtained by dielectric and enthalpic relaxations. For the majority of glass-forming molecules, the difference is trivial, but for those molecules with both unusually high dipole moments and flexibility, a large difference is obvious. The interplay of the degree of freedom and dielectric dipole–dipole interaction in molecular dynamics is addressed.
MODIS-based smoke detection shows that daily smoke cover dampens fire severity in initial burns but not reburns in complex terrain
Authors: Harris Lucas B. , Taylor Alan H.
Published: October 2022

Background Wildfire smoke may dampen fire severity through effects on weather and the persistence of atmospheric inversions, but empirical work on the link between smoke and fire severity is scarce. Aims To assess the influence of daily smoke characteristics on wildfire severity in complex terrain. Methods A customised smoke detection algorithm based on MODIS imagery was integrated into statistical models of fire severity across 106 wildfires between 2002 and 2018 in the Klamath Mountains, USA. Key results Smoke characteristics improved predictions of fire severity in non-reburn areas but not in reburns. Maximum daily smoke cover interacted with elevation, showing a strong dampening effect of high smoke cover on fire severity at low elevations consistent with prior work and a weaker amplifying effect on fire severity at middle elevations with low smoke cover. Conclusions Feedbacks between smoke and atmospheric inversions dampen fire severity in valleys but may amplify fire severity at middle elevations above inversion layers. Implications The influence of smoke on fire severity may strengthen in the future as large fires and extreme fire weather become more common, yet may also weaken as reburns become more prevalent.
Inhibition of FOXP3 by stapled alpha-helical peptides dampens regulatory T cell function
Authors: Hawley Katrina M. , Eclov Rachel J. , Schnorenberg Mathew R. , Tian Yu , Shah Rhea N. , Thomas-Toth Anika T. , Fefferman Marie , Bird Gregory H. , Walensky Loren D. , Tirrell Matthew V. , LaBelle James L.
Published: October 2022

Despite continuing advances in the development of novel cellular-, antibody-, and chemotherapeutic-based strategies to enhance immune reactivity, the presence of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) remains a complicating factor for their clinical efficacy. To overcome dosing limitations and off-target effects from antibody-based Treg cell deletional strategies or small molecule drugging, we investigated the ability of hydrocarbon stapled alpha-helical (SAH) peptides to target FOXP3, the master transcription factor regulator of Treg cell development, maintenance, and suppressive function. Using the crystal structure of the FOXP3 homodimer as a guide, we developed SAHs in the likeness of a portion of the native FOXP3 antiparallel coiled-coil homodimerization domain (SAH-FOXP3) to block this key FOXP3 protein-protein interaction (PPI) through molecular mimicry. We describe the design, synthesis, and biochemical evaluation of single- and double-stapled SAHs covering the entire coiled-coil expanse. We show that lead SAH-FOXP3s bind FOXP3, are cell permeable and nontoxic to T cells, induce dose-dependent transcript and protein level alterations of FOXP3 target genes, impede Treg cell function, and lead to Treg cell gene expression changes in vivo consistent with FOXP3 dysfunction. These results demonstrate a proof of concept for rationally designed FOXP3-directed peptide therapeutics that could be used as approaches to amplify endogenous immune responsiveness.