bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Muzeum Żydowskie i Centrum Tolerancji w Moskwie
Authors: Piątkowska Renata
Published: November 2020

Wystawa stała w moskiewskim Muzeum Żydowskim i Centrum Tolerancji, poświęcona dziejom Żydów w Rosji, wyłamuje się z typowej narracji o żydowskiej historii. Wydarzenie uznawane za najważniejsze w dwudziestowiecznych dziejach Żydów – Zagłada – znajduje się na dalszym, głębszym planie żydowskiego losu.

Przybysza z Polski (a zapewne też z Izraela i z innych krajów diaspory) uderza z wielką siłą fakt, że w optyce radzieckich Żydów druga wojna światowa to przede wszystkim walka z Trzecią Rzeszą. Chociaż wojska niemieckie dotarły w głąb Związku Radzieckiego, dokonując zniszczenia żydowskich miasteczek, także w radzieckiej części Białorusi i Ukrainy, to w pamiętaniu wojny (zarówno w tym oficjalnym, jak i w osobistym) nad pamięcią Zagłady przeważa zwycięska walka z faszyzmem, w której wzięło udział wielu Żydów – żołnierzy Armii Czerwonej i partyzantów. Magdalena Ruta zauważa, że „Żydzi radzieccy patrzyli na II wojnę światową także jako zwycięzcy” – ta perspektywa jest widoczna w ekspozycji muzeum, w której nad rozpaczą nad pomordowanymi dominuje wezwanie do walki z hitlerowskimi Niemcami w obronie ojczyzny.
Ekshumacja, której (prawie) nie było. Prace archeologiczno-ekshumacyjne w Jedwabnem w 2001 r. i ich wyniki
Authors: Persak Krzysztof
Published: November 2020

Artykuł opisuje przebieg, zakres i wyniki prac archeologiczno ekshumacyjnych przeprowadzonych w 2001 r. na miejscu zbrodni w Jedwabnem oraz wypływające z nich wnioski. Rezultaty tych prac nie zostały nigdy dotąd w sposób systematyczny i wyczerpujący przedstawione opinii publicznej. Tymczasem kwestia niedokończonej ekshumacji ofiar mordu Żydów z 1941 r. stanowi jeden z kluczowych elementów w rewizjonistycznym nurcie debaty o Jedwabnem. Autor wyjaśnia m.in. pochodzenie znalezionych na miejscu zbrodni elementów amunicji strzeleckiej, stanowiących jeden z podstawowych argumentów dyskursu negacjonistycznego. Podstawę źródłową tekstu stanowią głównie akta śledztwa Oddziałowej Komisji Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu w Białymstoku, prowadzonego w latach 2000–2003.
Kłopotliwa kategoria. Wokół tomu Świadek: jak się staje, czym jest?
Authors: Kowalska-Leder Justyna
Published: November 2020

Autorka omawia interdyscyplinarny tom Świadek: jak się staje, czym jest? pod redakcją Agnieszki Daukszy i Karoliny Koprowskiej, będący podsumowaniem wieloletniej dyskusji o znaczeniu świadectwa i funkcji świadka różnych form przemocy. Skupia się na kwestii świadka Zagłady, odgrywającego dużą rolę w badaniach nad stosunkiem Polaków do Żydów podczas wojny, wykazując, jak nieścisła i wymagająca doprecyzowania jest to kategoria. Porusza też problem świadków nie-ludzkich, a także zagadnienie zakresu władzy świadka i świadectwa oraz instytucji, które na różne sposoby sprawują nad nimi kontrolę
Laboratorium zagłady – nowa ekspozycja historyczna na terenie obozu zagłady Kulmhof w Chełmnie nad Nerem
Authors: Wóycicka Zofia
Published: November 2020

Kulmhof w Chełmnie nad Nerem to pierwszy i najdłużej działający nazistowski ośrodek zagłady w okupowanej Europie. Stał się miejscem eksterminacji Żydów z ziem wcielonych do Rzeszy, w tym z getta łódzkiego, a także z innych krajów Europy. Mimo to obóz ten pozostawał długo zapomniany. Dopiero w grudniu 2019 r. na terenie właściwego miejsca zagłady w Chełmnie nad Nerem otwarto nową, stałą ekspozycję historyczną. Uporządkowano i oznakowano też teren obozu. Prowadzone przez ostatnie dziesięciolecia zarówno w Chełmnie, jak i w pobliskim Lesie Rzuchowskim prace wykopaliskowe pozwoliły lepiej odtworzyć topografię zbrodni oraz wydobyły na światło dzienne wiele cennych pamiątek po zamordowanych. Mimo, a może właśnie dzięki skromnej formie upamiętnienia uwydatniono specyficzny charakter tego miejsca. To nie obóz koncentracyjny typu Dachau czy Buchenwald, których architektura stanowiła butny wyraz nazistowskiej ideologii, to nie „fabryka śmierci”, miejsce przemysłowego mordu jak Auschwitz-Birkenau, ale wiejski folwark przekształcony pośpiesznie w ośrodek masowej i natychmiastowej eksterminacji
Trzy wizyty w Auschwitz
Authors: Adamczyk-Garbowska Monika
Published: November 2020

Po drugiej wojnie światowej, zwłaszcza w latach 1945–1947, różne organizacje i gazety żydowskie wysyłały swoich przedstawicieli i korespondentów do Polski, by opisali zniszczenie kraju i ocenili sytuację ocalałych. Większość tych podróżników odwiedziła były obóz koncentracyjny i zagłady Auschwitz-Birkenau. Autorka omawia i porównuje relacje z trzech takich wizyt: Josepha Tenenbauma (w języku angielskim), Jakowa Pata i Mordechaja Canina (w jidysz). Uzupełnienie artykułu stanowią cztery rozdziały z omawianych książek w przekładzie na język polski. Trzy z nich dotyczą wizyt w Auschwitz, a czwarty tzw. gorączki złota, czyli poszukiwania kosztowności w pozostałych na terenie byłych obozów śmierci popiołach przez jednostki i zorganizowane bandy
Logika uniku. O protokole audiencji Josepha Tenenbauma u prymasa Augusta Hlonda 3 czerwca 1946 r
Authors: Tokarska-Bakir Joanna
Published: November 2020

Omawiany dokument, odnaleziony w Archiwum MSZ przez Alinę Skibińską, jest notatką sporządzoną przez prof. dr. Olgierda Górkę (1887–1955), historyka, dyrektora Biura do Spraw Żydowskich Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych, z audiencji u kard. Augusta Hlonda (1881–1948), w której wziął udział prezes Światowej Federacji Polskich Żydów Joseph Tenenbaum (1887–1961). Działo się to w Warszawie 3 czerwca 1946 r
Методичні підходи щодо оцінювання здатності до біохімічного розпаду полімерних матеріалів та їхніх відходів
Authors: Сноз С.В. , Смердова Л.М. , Прокопенко Л.О. , Бобильова О.О.
Published: November 2020

Актуальність. Об’єми промислових і побутових відходів, зокрема використаної полімерної тари і упаковки значні, внаслідок інтенсивного розвитку виробництва полімерних матеріалів постійно збільшуються.

Матеріали та методи. В Україні поступово вводяться обов’язкові вимоги до упаковки і пакувальних відходів, які мають відповідати Європейському законодавству. Розглянуто основні аспекти вимог до тари та упаковки, що містяться в нормативних актах вітчизняного та європейського законодавства. Визначено і оцінено основні види біодеградабельних полімерних матеріалів.

Висновки. Проведено порівняльний аналіз методів щодо визначення здатності до компостування, анаеробної та аеробної обробки упаковки та пакувальних матеріалів.

Ключові слова: відходи тари та упаковки, Директиви ЄС, біополімерні матеріали, біодеградабельність, методи визначення біодеградації.
Factors associated with the functional performance of older adults with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Dias Vanessa da Nóbrega , Carlos Adriana Guedes , Lemos Alice Fernandes de , Lima Filho Bartolomeu Fagundes de , Perracini Monica Rodrigues , Souza André Gustavo Pires de , Gazzola Juliana Maria
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was to investigated factors associated with the functional impairment of older adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) and identify the influence of sociodemographic, clinical, and functional factors in this population. This is an observational analytical, and cross-sectional study, which evaluated 159 individuals of both genders, aged 60 years or older. The WHODAS (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule) total score was analyzed in relation to other variables of the study, using the following statistical tests: Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn’s post hoc, Spearman correlation, and simple linear regression analysis. Significance level was set at 5% (p<0.05). In total, 12 linear regression models were generated and the latter was selected for elaborating the prediction equation and its possible interpretations. Functional impairment was associated with sociodemographic, clinical, and functional factors. Sedentary lifestyle, overweight, cognitive deficit, decreased mobility, and falls were the factors that predicted the restriction of functional performance in older adults with type 2 DM. This study assessed the relationship between sociodemographic, clinical, and functional factors concerning the functional impairment of older adults with type 2 DM, reaffirming that this disease causes negative impacts in a global way and that the association among these factors leads to a decrease in functionality and worsening of life quality in this population. The findings of this study point out the importance of preventive programs in order to promote behavioral changes that can reduce the impact of type 2 DM complications.
Bulas de antimicrobianos para uso veterinário e saúde pública: uma análise crítica e impactos sob a ótica dos resíduos
Authors: Paula Ramon Alves de Oliveira , Souza Scheilla Vitorino Carvalho de
Published: November 2020

A presença de resíduos em alimentos provenientes do uso irracional de medicamentos veterinários em animais de produção é reconhecida como uma ameaça global à saúde do consumidor, com destaque para a resistência bacteriana. Apresentamos aqui, uma abordagem abrangente e ainda não relatada, com o objetivo de estabelecer uma análise crítica minuciosa das bulas de 433 antimicrobianos destinados a aves, bovinos e suínos comercializados no Brasil, em relação à legislação vigente. As frequências de conformidades foram comparadas pelo teste de qui-quadrado (X2) global, resultando em 78 contrastes, para cada grupo de dados, que foram avaliados por aproximação à normal (α=0,05). A discriminação entre as frequências foi realizada pelo estudo dos contrastes e pela aproximação à normal post hoc, utilizando a correlação de Bonferroni para estimativa do z crítico. Houve diferença significativa entre os diferentes requisitos (p<0,05), sendo considerados críticos: informações sobre a farmacodinâmica e a farmacocinética, pois apenas 1,2 % das bulas abordavam o tema, bem como as advertências, precauções, efeitos colaterais, contraindicações, interações medicamentosas e antídotos; legenda uso veterinário; condições de armazenamento; e declaração de venda sob receita veterinária, com 100 %, 97,9 %, 72,5 % e 80,6 % de não conformidades, respectivamente. Essas constatações reforçam a necessidade urgente de ações para o atendimento aos requisitos legais de bulas, pois tal instrumento é, sem dúvida, ponto-chave para a garantia da segurança e qualidade de alimentos.
Perfil socioeconômico dos trabalhadores de rua de uma metrópole nordestina
Authors: Queiroz Francisco Alves de , Souza Laumar Neves de , Reis Renato Barbosa , Souza José Gileá de
Published: November 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar o perfil socioeconômico dos trabalhadores que atuam nas ruas do centro comercial da cidade. Traz respostas quanto às experiências com o trabalho dos comerciantes de rua, suas relações sociais e a contribuição que este segmento de trabalhadores dá a cidade de Feira de Santana. À vista disso, foram realizados observações e estudos no perímetro urbano da cidade, as quais levaram a identificar as áreas de maior concentração de comerciantes nas vias públicas. Optou-se por uma pesquisa de campo com a aplicação direta de um questionário. O tratamento dos dados da pesquisa teve como parâmetro os estudos desenvolvidos pelo IBGE, DIEESE e OIT. Discute preliminarmente os aspectos conceituais sobre a informalidade do trabalho de rua. Considera que o comércio de rua em Feira de Santana contribui para a contenção dos impactos de crises econômicas, na medida em que mantém renda para uma camada mais fragilizada da população feirense e também como opção de trabalho para trabalhadores de diversas cidades na região Nordeste.
2017 Clinical practice guidelines for dyslipidemia of Korean children and adolescents
Authors: Lim Jung Sub , Kim Eun Young , Kim Jae Hyun , Yoo Jae-Ho , Yi Kyung Hee , Chae Hyun Wook , Choi Jin-Ho , Kim Ji Young , Hwang Il Tae ,   the Committee of Dyslipidemia of Korean Children and Adolescents on behalf of Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology (KSPE)
Published: November 2020

The Committee on Dyslipidemia of Korean Pediatric and Adolescents of the Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology has newly developed evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for dyslipidemia in Korean children and adolescents. These guidelines were formulated with the Grading of Recommendations, which include both the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence. In the absence of sufficient evidence, conclusions were based on expert opinion. These guidelines are based on the 2011 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Guidelines, which focus on the prevention of cardiovascular disease in children and draw from a comprehensive review of evidence. These guidelines contain the definition of and screening process for dyslipidemia and introduce new dietary methods: the Cardiovascular Health Integrated Lifestyle Diet (CHILD)-1, the CHILD-2-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the CHILD-2-triglyceride. Potential drug therapies for dyslipidemia along with their main effects and doses were also included.
ISLAMIC ECOLOGICAL CULTURE: INTRUMEN UNTUK MEMBENTUK PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT
Authors: Ahmad Muntaha
Published: November 2020

Abstract

This study aims to describe the formation of the ecological culture of the Tsanawiyah Level Madrasah students, therefore the ecological culture can be used as an instrument for shaping Clean and Healthy Behavior. The method used in this research is a case study. Namely, to describe in depth about the success of MTsN 1 Malang in shaping the ecological culture of its students. The results showed that MTsN 1 Malang succeeded in building Clean and Healthy Behavior for its students through ecological culture. This ecological culture is formed through the inculcation of monotheistic values, through the Integrated Islamic Religious Education curriculum, habituation, exemplary, joint movement in the form of Environmental Ambassadors and supported by the Madrasah environment as a laboratory. With this ecological culture, the behavior of students who are aware of cleanliness and healthy living can be formed well.

 Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pembentukan budaya ekologis siswa Madrasah Tingkat Tsanawiyah, sehingga budaya ekologis tersebut dapat diajadikan sebagai instrumen pembentuk Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Yakni mendeskripsikan secara mendalam tentang keberhasilan MTsN 1 Malang dalam membentuk budya ekologis siswanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MTsN 1 Malang berhasil membangun Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat peserta didiknya melalui budaya ekologis. Budaya ekologis tersebut dibentuk melalui penanaman nilai tauhid, melaui kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam Intergratif, pembiasaan, keteladanan, gerakan bersama dalam wujud Duta Lingkungan dan didukung dengan lingkungan Madrasah sebagai laboratirum. Dengan budya ekologis tersebut perilaku siswa yang sadar akan kebersihan dan hidup sehat dapat terbentuk dengan baik.
Estimation of external infection pressure and salmon-louse population growth rate in Faroese salmon farms
Authors: Kragesteen TJ , Simonsen K , Visser AW , Andersen KH
Published: November 2020

Managing salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis outbreaks is a crucial part of salmon aquaculture in sea cages. Treatment management strategies can be optimized with the aid of salmon-louse population dynamic models. These models, however, need to be calibrated and validated with biologically meaningful parameters. Here, based on a time-series of lice data, we estimated 2 essential model parameters: the external infection pressure and the salmon-louse population growth rate for each active salmon farm site in the period 2011 to 2018 in the Faroe Islands. External infection pressure was found to vary between farm sites and ranged on average from 0.002 to 0.1 lice salmon-1 d-1. Further, external infection was significantly correlated with the total number of gravid lice in the Faroese farm network. Salmon-louse population growth rates were found to vary between farm sites and ranged on average from 1.7 to 5.4% d-1. These model parameter estimates are crucial in developing a salmon-louse population dynamic model for the Faroe Islands, and the method to estimate these parameters may be applicable in other aquaculture regions.
First case of non-O1/O139 Vibrio cholerae infection in the pink-tailed chalceus Chalceus macrolepidotus in China
Authors: Ni P , Guo Y , Liu J , Ma H , Guo S , Zhao X , Ye S
Published: November 2020

A pathogen was isolated from diseased pink-tailed chalceus Chalceus macrolepidotus during a high-mortality outbreak in a freshwater culture farm in Liaoyang, China. The diseased fish were characterized by disoriented behaviors, exophthalmos, and redness and swelling of the top of the head. A Gram-negative, pure strain of bacteria (CM0428) was isolated from the brain, kidney, and liver. The isolate was identified as Vibrio cholerae based on ompW gene amplification and 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis. Serogroup testing indicated that CM0428 was a non-O1/O139 strain of V. cholerae. The challenge test showed that CM0428 exhibited strong virulence to pink-tailed chalceus, and hlyA and toxR virulence-related genes were detected. The isolate was sensitive to multi-class antibiotics, but resistant to tetracycline. Histological examination revealed that V. cholerae CM0428 infection caused multiple organ and tissue lesions, and typical pathological features were cell degeneration and necrosis.
Re-examination of population structure in Arctic ringed seals using DArTseq genotyping
Authors: Lang AR , Boveng P , Quakenbush L , Robertson K , Lauf M , Rode KD , Ziel H , Taylor BL
Published: November 2020

Although Arctic ringed sealsPhoca hispida hispidaare currently abundant and broadly distributed, their numbers are projected to decline substantially by the year 2100 due to climate warming. While understanding population structure could provide insight into the impact of environmental changes on this subspecies, detecting demographically important levels of exchange can be difficult in taxa with high abundance. We used a next-generation sequencing approach (DArTseq) to genotype ~5700 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 79 seals from 4 Pacific Arctic regions. Comparison of the 2 most geographically separated strata (eastern Bering vs. northeastern Chukchi-Beaufort Seas) revealed a statistically significant level of genetic differentiation (FST= 0.001, p = 0.005) that, while small, was 1 to 2 orders of magnitude greater than expected based on divergence estimated for similarly sized populations connected by low (1% yr-1) dispersal. A relatively high proportion (72 to 88%) of individuals within these strata could be genetically assigned to their stratum of origin. These results indicate that demographically important structure may be present among Arctic ringed seals breeding in different areas, increasing the risk that declines in the number of seals breeding in areas most negatively affected by environmental warming could occur.
Underwater hearing and communication in the endangered Hawaiian monk seal Neomonachus schauinslandi
Authors: Sills JM , Parnell K , Ruscher B , Lew C , Kendall TL , Reichmuth C
Published: November 2020

Hawaiian monk seals are among the most endangered marine mammals and the most basal of the phocid seals. The auditory biology of monk seals is compelling from behavioral, evolutionary, and conservation perspectives, but we presently lack substantive bioacoustic information for this species, with no formal descriptions of underwater vocalizations and limited data concerning hearing. These seals have been isolated for more than 10 million yr and have auditory structures differing from those of related species. Additionally, unlike other aquatically mating phocids, monk seals breed asynchronously and are not known to produce social calls in water. To address existing knowledge gaps, we trained a mature male Hawaiian monk seal to perform a psychophysical task while submerged. Detection thresholds were measured for narrowband sounds across the frequency range of hearing. We also conducted a year-round characterization of the seal’s spontaneous underwater vocalizations. This individual demonstrated best hearing between 0.2 and 33 kHz, with a lower high-frequency roll-off than that of related species. Hearing at all frequencies was less sensitive than in other true seals. Despite the absence of conspecifics, the seal regularly produced 6 different underwater calls with energy below 1 kHz. Calling patterns reflected a period of annual reproductive activity lasting about 6 mo, coincident with elevated testosterone levels. This study presents the first examination of underwater vocalizations in Hawaiian monk seals, provides insight into the auditory abilities of this species and the evolution of underwater hearing among phocids, and enables improved assessments of noise effects on these vulnerable seals.
Scale sensitivity of environmental effects on the temporal beta diversity of fishes in tropical coastal lagoons
Authors: Camara EM , Andrade-Tubino MF , Franco TP , Santos LN , Santos AFGN , Araújo FG
Published: November 2020

Disentangling multilevel sources of variation is critical for understanding of diversity patterns in high-variability environments. We investigated the scale sensitivity of short-term environmental effects on the temporal beta diversity of fishes in 3 tropical coastal lagoons in Southeastern Brazil. Environmental effects were investigated at 3 hierarchical levels (local, zone, and lagoon). An AICc-based model selection was applied to generalized linear mixed models relating abundance-based beta diversity (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity; βBC) to environmental distances and random effects for other sources of variability. Abundance gradients (βBC-GRA) contributed more for βBC at all hierarchical levels, most likely due to random changes in the abundances of numerous rare marine-origin species. The temporal and spatial marine influences favored the balanced variation in the abundance of different species (βBC-BAL), probably by allowing for marine species with different environmental tolerances and requirements. The freshwater vs. marine influences were primarily represented by short-term effects of salinity changes at the local and zone levels and tide height and accumulated rainfall at the lagoon level. Other environmental effects (e.g. pH and transparency) were representative of that balance depending on the βBC component and hierarchical level. Random effects for morphometric features (local level, width of the connections between zones; lagoon level, distance from the ocean) and climate-related factors (local and zone levels, wind intensity and accumulated rainfall; lagoon level, changing seasons) were also relevant for the relationships between environmental variability and βBC. This study evidenced major scale-related mechanisms driving the temporal beta diversity of fishes in tropical coastal lagoons.
Learning Media in Indonesian Higher Education in Industry 4.0: Case Study
Authors: Rizal Rizal , Misnasanti Misnasanti , Shaddiq Syahrial , Ramdhani Ramdhani , Wagiono Feri
Published: November 2020

The aims of this research was to fill the theoretical and empirical gaps about the case study with regard to learning media in Indonesia's higher education in industry 4.0 and society 5.0 era. This research used qualitative methods. Data collection techniques used interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of this study revealed tht virtual learning (VL) media ws an effective learning media in Indonesian higher education in industry 4.0 and society 5.0. Therefore, the use of relevant learning models was in line with the times, and the use of more flexible VL media was a strategy to enhance educational quality in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.

Keywords:  Learning Media, Education in Industry 4.0, Higher Education
Tomboy Üzerine Bir Gözden Geçirme: Kavramsal Analiz, Tarihsel Süreç ve Çeşitli Başlıklar Açısından İnceleme | A Rewiew on Tomboy: Conceptual Analysis, Historical Process and Examination in Terms of Various Topics
Authors: ÖZKAN Ezgi , ULUTAŞ Funda , MORSÜNBÜL Ümit
Published: November 2020

Toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri açısından kadınlara yönelik çalışmalar literatürde yer alsa da özellikle ülkemizde tomboy kavramı üzerine çok sınırlı sayıda çalışmanın yapıldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Doğuştan gelen cinsiyet özelliklerinin yanı sıra bireyler kendilerinden beklenen toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin aksine feminen ya da maskülen tutum ve davranışlar gösterebilmekte, bu türden cinsiyet ifade tarzları çocuklarda da görülebilmektedir. Bunlardan biri olan ‘tomboy’ birçok ülkede kendine yer bulmuş olsa da yapılan çalışmalar toplumların tomboy bireylere yaklaşımına, kültüre ve dilin özelliklerine bağlı olarak kelimenin anlamında ve kapsamında tarihsel süreç içerisinde değişiklikler olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Türkçeye ise ‘erkek fatma’ olarak giren kavram erkek çocukları gibi giyinen, onlar gibi davranan kız çocuklarına yönelik olarak kullanılmakta ve genellikle ergenliğe kadarki kısıtlı bir dönemi temsil etmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasıyla birlikte tomboy kavramı merkeze alınmış olup Türkçe ve yabancı literatür taranarak çeşitli başlıklar halinde gözden geçirilmiştir. Özellikle feminist literatür incelenerek kadın çalışmaları ile Türk toplumunda tomboyluğun ele alınışı değerlendirilmiş; sanat, edebiyat, moda gibi çeşitli alanlara tomboy kavramının yansımaları araştırılmıştır.
Selahaddîn Eyyûbî'nin Âmid'i Kuşatması ve Ele Geçirmesi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: DUMLUPINAR ALİCAN Songül
Published: November 2020

1180’lerin başında Mısır’da İslâm dünyasının en iddialı hükümdarı olarak kendini gösteren Selahaddîn Eyyûbî’nin temel hedefi Müslümanlar arasında siyasî ve kültürel bir birlik kurmak, böylece Haçlılara karşı güçlü ve yekpare bir İslâmî blok oluşturmaktı. Takriben iki asırdan beri İslâm ülkelerinde ciddi sorunlara sebebiyet veren Haçlıları bölgeden söküp atabilmenin başka bir yolu yoktu. Sultan bu amaçla Mısır’dan çıkıp Doğu Akdeniz hattını takip ederek Filistin ve Suriye’deki Müslüman bölgelerini kontrol altına almış, bu doğrultuda el-Cezîre coğrafyasını da kurmaya çalıştığı siyasî birliğe dâhil olmasına gayret etmişti. Fırat’ın doğusunu hedef aldığı bilinen ve özellikle Âmid’i (Diyarbakır) ele geçirdiği harekâtını bu minvalde değerlendirmek mümkündür. O, şehri ele geçirdikten sonra Artuklulara bırakarak birçok kazanım elde etmiş, bunu daha sonra önüne koyduğu hedefler açısından önemli bir kaynağa dönüştürmüştür. Bu çalışma Âmid’in tarihî bakımdan sahip olduğu önem üzerinden Selahaddîn Eyyûbî’nin şehri kuşatması ve ele geçirmesini konu edinmekte, hadisenin tarihî-siyasî bağlamını değerlendirmektedir.
Uluslararası Bilgisayar ve Öğretim Teknolojileri Sempozyumunun Sistematik Analizi: 2013-2018 Dönemi
Authors: Durdu Levent , Dağ Funda
Published: November 2020

Uluslararası Bilgisayar ve Öğretim Teknolojileri Sempozyumu genel çerçevede Eğitim/Öğretim Teknolojileri alanı kapsamında yapılmış çalışmaların sunulduğu geleneksel alan konferanslarından birisidir. Sempozyumun ilki 2007 yılında, 12.si 2018 yılında Ege Üniversitesi ev sahipliğinde İzmir’de düzenlenmiştir. Sempozyuma ait 2007-2012 yılları arasındaki 6 yıllık dönemin analizi daha önce gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çerçevede, bu çalışmanın amacı sempozyumun takip eden altı yılına ait (2013-2018) tam metin kitaplarında yayınlanan çalışmaların analizini gerçekleştirmek ve Türkiye özelinde öğretim teknolojileri alanına geçmişten geleceğe bir ışık tutmaktır. Altı tam metin bildiri kitabı incelenmiş ve toplamda 397 çalışma analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmalar içerik analizine tabi tutulmuş ve bulgular betimsel olarak sunulmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak Eğitim Teknolojileri Yayın Sınıflama Formu kullanılmıştır. Form, çalışmaların tanımlayıcı bilgilerini içeren künyesi bölümü ile çalışmanın türü, konusu, yöntemi, veri toplama araçları, örneklem ve veri analiz yöntemi olmak üzere yedi bölümden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, öğretim teknolojileri alanının betimsel araştırmadan daha çok deneysel araştırmalara ihtiyacı olduğu ifade edilebilir. Ayrıca, popüler araştırma konuları yerine araştırmacıların daha fazla teoriyi temel alan ve kültür temelli çalışmalara yönelmesi alana daha fazla katkı sağlayacaktır. Örneklem tercihleri örneklem düzeyi açısından ele alındığında özellikle okul öncesi ve ilkokul düzeyinde çalışmalar çok azdır. Bu düzeylere odaklanacak araştırmaların bu kademelerdeki yenilikler ve yaşanılan sorunları ortaya çıkartarak alana daha fazla katkı yapacakları düşünülmektedir. Alanın lisans düzeyinde yaşadığı kendini tanımlama ve öğrenci sayısındaki azalma gibi bazı sorunların lisansüstü düzeyde de yaşamaması adına alanın akademik çalışma boyutunun da sistematik olarak değerlendirilmesi önerilmektedir.
Fen Bilimleri Öğretmen Adaylarının Lisansüstü Eğitim Hakkındaki Görüşlerinin, Beklentilerinin ve Farkındalıklarının İncelenmesi
Authors: İnel Ekici Doç.dr.didem , Ekici Murat , Can İzel
Published: November 2020

Öğretmenlerin nitelikli olarak yetiştirilmesinde lisans ve lisansüstü eğitim süreci gün geçtikçe önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da lisans eğitimine devam eden öğretmen adaylarının lisansüstü eğitim hakkındaki görüşlerinin, beklentilerinin ve farkındalıklarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya Uşak Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesinde Fen bilgisi öğretmenliği bölümünde farklı öğrenme seviyelerinde öğrenim görmekte olan 21 fen bilimleri öğretmen adayı katılmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarının lisansüstü eğitim hakkındaki görüşlerinin, beklentilerinin ve farkındalıklarının derinlemesine incelenmesi için öğretmen adaylarıyla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin analizinde betimsel ve içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar öğretmen adaylarının genel olarak lisansüstü eğitime ilişkin olumlu görüşlere sahip olduklarını; ancak sınırlı bilgileri olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmada bazı öğretmen adayları öğretmenlerin lisansüstü eğitim almalarının gerekli olduğunu düşünmektedir. Öğretmen adayları lisansüstü eğitim alan öğretmenlerin bilgi ve beceriler açısından kendilerini geliştirerek mesleki başarılarını artırabileceklerini; böylece nitelikli öğrenciler yetiştirebileceklerini belirtmişlerdir. Bununla birlikte bazı öğretmen adayları öğretmenlik için lisansüstü eğitimin zorunlu olmasından çekinmekte ve lisansüstü eğitim alma sürecinde çeşitli güçlükler yaşayacaklarını düşünmektedir. Araştırmadan elde edilen söz konusu sonuçlara göre öğretmen adaylarının lisansüstü eğitim konusundaki bilgi ve farkındalıklarının artırılmasının önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.
STEM Eğitimi ve Arduino Uygulamaları Hakkında Öğretmen Adaylarının Görüşleri
Authors: Sarı Uğur , Yazıcı Yasin Yaşar
Published: November 2020

Bilim ve teknolojinin hızla geliştiği günümüzde ülkeler; problem çözebilen, araştıran-sorgulayan, topluma katkı sağlayan üretken bireyler yetiştirmeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu hedefle birçok ülke yeni eğitim reformları ve projeler başlatmış ve bu düşünceyle STEM eğitimi popülerliğini kazanmıştır. Türkiye’de de öğrencilerin STEM eğitimi ve STEM işgücünün iyileştirilmesi konusunda bilgi ve becerilerin geliştirilmesine yönelik çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının TÜBİTAK BİDEB 2237A Programı kapsamında gerçekleştirilen STEM eğitimi ve Arduino ile fiziksel programlama etkinlikleri hakkında görüşlerini belirlemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, üniversitelerin fen bilgisi öğretmenliği programı 4. sınıfında okuyan 26 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma, etkinlik programı kapsamında 6 gün süreyle yürütülmüştür. Betimsel araştırma yönteminde gerçekleştirilen araştırmada özel durum çalışması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmış ve içerik analizi tekniği ile değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının STEM eğitimi ve Arduino ile fiziksel programlama hakkında olumlu görüşlere sahip olduğu ve uygulanan programın bilgi, beceri ve deneyim anlamında önemli kazanımlar sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Katılımcılar bu tarz uygulamaların öğrencilerde problem çözme, yaratıcılık, girişimcilik becerileri gibi 21. yüzyıl becerilerini geliştirebileceğini, öğrenme ortamlarında disiplinlerarası yaklaşımı benimseme, motivasyonu artırma, kariyer bilinci oluşturma gibi olumlu etkilere sahip olabileceğini belirtmişlerdir. Ayrıca öğretmen adayları mesleki yeterlikleri anlamında, bu tarz proje, kurs ve eğitimlere ihtiyaç duyduklarını belirtmişlerdir.
Mathematical and Linguistic Examination of the Problems Posed by Sixth Grade Students
Authors: Karakuş Memet , Turhan Türkkan Buket , Karakoç Öztürk Başak
Published: November 2020

The general aim of the study is to examine the problems posed by secondary school students for the arithmetic mean mathematically and linguistically. In order to determine the problem posing skills of students, the “Problem Posing Test for Arithmetic Mean” was used. Within the scope of the data analysis, a rubric with two different levels, being the mathematical and linguistic dimension, was created for the problem posing test. In accordance with the results of the study, the problems posed by the students were determined to be at a moderate level in the mathematical dimension according to the average of the scores obtained in the mathematical dimension. However, according to the average scores obtained in the linguistic dimension, the problems posed by the students were determined to be at a high level. Moreover, there was no significant relationship between the mathematical dimension scores and linguistic dimension scores.
Exosomal circRNAs: Sorting Mechanisms, Roles and Clinical Applications in Tumors
Authors: Xu Yanhua , Kong Shan , Qin Shiyi , Shen Xianjuan , Ju Shaoqing
Published: November 2020

Exosomes are a group of nano-sized membrane vesicles and are important mediators of intercellular communication, particularly in tumor microenvironment. Recently, researchers have found that circular RNAs (circRNAs), with the great research significance, are enriched and stable in exosomes. In this review, we summarize the research significance of exosomal circRNAs, sorting mechanisms and their functioning mechanisms in tumor progression. Their clinical applications as clinical tumor biomarkers and as therapeutic targets in inhibiting tumor metastasis, anti-cancer immunity response and drug resistance have been widely discussed.
Fibroblast Senescence in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Lin Yifan , Xu Zhihao
Published: November 2020

Aging is an inevitable and complex natural phenomenon due to the increase in age. Cellular senescence means a non-proliferative but viable cellular physiological state. It is the basis of aging, and it exists in the body at any time point. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial fibrous lung disease with unknown etiology, characterized by irreversible destruction of lung structure and function. Aging is one of the most critical risk factors for IPF, and extensive epidemiological data confirms IPF as an aging-related disease. Senescent fibroblasts in IPF show abnormal activation, telomere shortening, metabolic reprogramming, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis resistance, autophagy deficiency, and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASP). These characteristics of senescent fibroblasts establish a close link between cellular senescence and IPF. The treatment of senescence-related molecules and pathways is continually emerging, and using senolytics eliminating senescent fibroblasts is also actively tried as a new therapy for IPF. In this review, we discuss the roles of aging and cellular senescence in IPF. In particular, we summarize the signaling pathways through which senescent fibroblasts influence the occurrence and development of IPF. On this basis, we further talk about the current treatment ideas, hoping this paper can be used as a helpful reference for future researches.
In situ Generated Ru(0)-HRO@Na-β From Hydrous Ruthenium Oxide (HRO)/Na-β: An Energy-Efficient Catalyst for Selective Hydrogenation of Sugars
Authors: Gundekari Sreedhar , Desai Heena , Ravi Krishnan , Mitra Joyee , Srinivasan Kannan
Published: November 2020

A green process for the hydrogenation of sugars to sugar alcohols was designed in aqueous medium using hydrous ruthenium oxide (HRO) as a pre-catalyst supported on Na-β zeolite. Under optimized reaction conditions, sugars such as xylose, glucose, and mannose converted completely to the corresponding sugar alcohols xylitol, sorbitol, and mannitol with 100% selectivity. The pre-catalyst (HRO) is converted in situ to active Ru(0) species during the reaction under H2, which is responsible for the hydrogenation. The catalyst was recyclable up to five cycles with no loss in activity. The reduction of HRO to the active Ru(0) species is dependent on the reaction temperature and H2 pressure. Ru(0) formation increased and consequently an increased hydrogenation of sugars was observed with an increase in reaction temperature and hydrogen pressure. Further, in situ generation of Ru(0) from HRO was assessed in different solvents such as water, methanol, and tetrahydrofuran; aqueous medium was found to be the most efficient in reducing HRO. This work further demonstrates the use of supported HRO as an efficient pre-catalyst for biomass-based hydrogenation reactions.
Molecular Networking: A Useful Tool for the Identification of New Psychoactive Substances in Seizures by LC–HRMS
Authors: Vincenti Flaminia , Montesano Camilla , Di Ottavio Francesca , Gregori Adolfo , Compagnone Dario , Sergi Manuel , Dorrestein Pieter
Published: November 2020

New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are a global concern since they are spreading at an unprecedented rate. Despite their commerce still being limited compared to traditional illicit drugs, the identification of NPS in seizures may represent a challenge because of the variety of possible structures. In this study we report the successful application of molecular networking (MN) to identify unexpected fentanyl analogs in two seizures. The samples were extracted with 1 mL of methanol and analyzed with an untargeted data-dependent acquisition approach by LC–HRMS. The obtained data were examined using the MN workflow within the Global Natural Product Search (GNPS). A job was submitted to GNPS by including both seizures and standard mixtures containing synthetic cannabinoids and fentanyls raw files; spectra obtained from standards were used to establish representative networks for both molecular classes. All synthetic cannabinoids in the mixture were linked together resulting in a molecular network despite their different fragmentation spectra. Looking at fentanyls, all the molecules with the typical 188.143 and 105.070 fragments were combined in a representative network. By exploiting the standard networks two unexpected fentanyls were found in the analyzed seizures and were putatively annotated as para-fluorofuranylfentanyl and (iso)butyrylfentanyl. The identity of these two fentanyl analogs was confirmed by NMR analysis. Other m/z ratios in the seizures were compatible with fentanyl derivatives; however, they appeared to be minor constituents, probably impurities or synthetic byproducts. The latter might be of interest for investigations of common fingerprints among different seizures.
Improved Efficiency of Intraventricular Blood Flow Transit Under Cardiac Stress: A 4D Flow Dobutamine CMR Study
Authors: Sundin Jonathan , Engvall Jan , Nylander Eva , Ebbers Tino , Bolger Ann F. , Carlhäll Carl-Johan
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The effects of heart rate, inotropy, and lusitropy on multidimensional flow patterns and energetics within the human heart remain undefined. Recently, reduced volume and end-diastolic kinetic energy (KE) of the portion of left ventricular (LV) inflow passing directly to outflow, Direct flow (DF), have been shown to reflect inefficient LV pumping and to be a marker of LV dysfunction in heart failure patients. In this study, we hypothesized that increasing heart rate, inotropy, and lusitropy would result in an increased efficiency of intraventricular blood flow transit. Therefore, we sought to investigate LV 4D blood flow patterns and energetics with dobutamine infusion.

Methods: 4D flow and morphological cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) data were acquired in twelve healthy subjects: at rest and with dobutamine infusion to achieve a target heart rate ~60% higher than the resting heart rate. A previously validated method was used for flow analysis: pathlines were emitted from the end-diastolic (ED) LV blood volume and traced forward and backward in time to separate four functional LV flow components. For each flow component, KE/mL blood volume at ED was calculated.

Results: With dobutamine infusion there was an increase in heart rate (64%, p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.02) and stroke volume (p = 0.01). Of the 4D flow parameters, the most efficient flow component (DF), increased its proportion of EDV (p < 0.001). The EDV proportion of Residual volume, the blood residing in the ventricle over at least two cardiac cycles, decreased (p < 0.001). The KE/mL at ED for all flow components increased (p < 0.001). DF had the largest absolute and relative increase while Residual volume had the smallest absolute and relative increase.

Conclusions: This study demonstrates that it is feasible to compare 4D flow patterns within the normal human heart at rest and with stress. At higher heart rate, inotropy and lusitropy, elicited by dobutamine infusion, the efficiency of intraventricular blood flow transit improves, as quantified by an increased relative volume and pre-systolic KE of the most efficient DF component of the LV volume. The change in these markers may allow a novel assessment of LV function and LV dysfunction over a range of stress.
The Role of the Bone Marrow Microenvironment in the Response to Infection
Authors: Johnson Courtney B. , Zhang Jizhou , Lucas Daniel
Published: November 2020

Hematopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM) is the primary source of immune cells. Hematopoiesis is regulated by a diverse cellular microenvironment that supports stepwise differentiation of multipotent stem cells and progenitors into mature blood cells. Blood cell production is not static and the bone marrow has evolved to sense and respond to infection by rapidly generating immune cells that are quickly released into the circulation to replenish those that are consumed in the periphery. Unfortunately, infection also has deleterious effects injuring hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), inefficient hematopoiesis, and remodeling and destruction of the microenvironment. Despite its central role in immunity, the role of the microenvironment in the response to infection has not been systematically investigated. Here we summarize the key experimental evidence demonstrating a critical role of the bone marrow microenvironment in orchestrating the bone marrow response to infection and discuss areas of future research.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors: Pleiotropic Signaling Complexes and Their Differential Effects
Authors: Gough Portia , Myles Ian A.
Published: November 2020

Since its discovery in 1975, TNFα has been a subject of intense study as it plays significant roles in both immunity and cancer. Such attention is well deserved as TNFα is unique in its engagement of pleiotropic signaling via its two receptors: TNFR1 and TNFR2. Extensive research has yielded mechanistic insights into how a single cytokine can provoke a disparate range of cellular responses, from proliferation and survival to apoptosis and necrosis. Understanding the intracellular signaling pathways induced by this single cytokine via its two receptors is key to further revelation of its exact functions in the many disease states and immune responses in which it plays a role. In this review, we describe the signaling complexes formed by TNFR1 and TNFR2 that lead to each potential cellular response, namely, canonical and non-canonical NF-κB activation, apoptosis and necrosis. This is followed by a discussion of data from in vivo mouse and human studies to examine the differential impacts of TNFR1 versus TNFR2 signaling.
Determinism of Temporal Variability in Size at Maturation of Sardine Sardina pilchardus in the Bay of Biscay
Authors: Véron Matthieu , Duhamel Erwan , Bertignac Michel , Pawlowski Lionel , Huret Martin , Baulier Loïc
Published: November 2020

Age and size at maturation appear as key parameters governing the dynamics of a population as they affect growth rate, fecundity, and survival. The expression of such life history traits is determined by genetic make-up and modulated by environmental factors mainly through phenotypic plasticity. Moreover, fishing, besides decreasing population size and changing demographic composition can alter allelic frequencies through fisheries-induced evolution by selecting for some particular traits. In the Bay of Biscay, a decreasing trend in both sardine body condition and size-at-age has recently been pointed out at the population level. The Probabilistic Maturation Reaction Norm (PMRN) approach was applied to help disentangle phenotypic plasticity and genetic changes. Based on the analysis of sardine spawning seasonality, PMRN was estimated by considering body condition as additional life-history state variable to predict the onset of maturation. The resulting PMRN was then used to investigate temporal trends in reaction norm midpoints to test whether changes in length at maturation can be explained by plastic and/or evolutionary adaptive change. Overall, our results emphasize for the first time that including sardine body condition as explanatory variable improves predictions of maturation probability. We found that better individual condition increases maturation probability. The assessment of temporal changes in length at maturation confirms the low plasticity in this trait for a species maturing mostly at age-1 and advocates for the use of a monthly time scale when investigating PMRNs for this species. Beside environmental variables included in this analysis (water temperature, chlorophyll-a, and population biomass) that only show a weak correlation with PMRN midpoints, our results reveal no evidence for recent fisheries-induced evolution in the sardine stock of the Bay of Biscay. They suggest that the short-term variability in length at maturation is strongly dependent upon individual growth which is likely driven by environmental factors. For sardine fisheries management, our study highlights the need to consider both the length-composition data and the seasonality within a stock assessment model. Finally, we discuss the fact that considering individual growth trajectories should improve our understanding of the relationship between environmental variability and changes in maturation for sardine.