bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Information Interactive Design as a Discipline in the Professional Training of a Modern Graphic Designer
Authors: Tsidylo Iryna I. , Cherniyavskyi Volodymyr G. , Barna Nataliia V. , Smyrna Lesia V. , Medvedyeva Valentyna M.
Published: August 2020

The rapid progress of graphic design due to the integration of technology is transforming curricula. Changes take place through the development of disciplines that shape the new skills of the graphic designer in accordance with the needs of the labor market. In this article, based on the content analysis of the official websites of 4 universities of Ukraine and the study of the needs of the labor market in the field of graphic design, the state of use of approaches to teaching graphic design has been revealed. The basis of the study is “a wild theory of technologically facilitated behavioral change” of Rogers. The analysis confirms the hypothesis that approaches to learning are formed in response to the needs of the labor market; they transform curricula. Transformation takes place in the direction of the formation of technical skills, as a consequence of the integration of technologies, and creativity, as a consequence of the need to influence the consumer of the information message through the design product. It has been revealed that the specifics of the Ukrainian labor market determines the offer of educational services in the field of graphic design. The skills required by design product developers are formed in the process of training a graphic designer. It has been proved that the professional competences of a graphic designer meet the needs of the labor market; however, they lag behind new concepts, approaches to the requirements of product creation. The idea of Ukrainian graphic design as a discipline involves forming a competent professional with technical, creative skills for the development of business-oriented products in the field of graphic design. It has been revealed that a systematic and integrated approach is used in the process of training a graphic designer, which correspond to manipulative, ecological approaches as the main theories of creating a graphic product. It has been proved that the theory of “wild design” is not reflected in the modern practice of teaching disciplines within a framework of the specialization “graphic design”. This is due to the lack of understanding for the development of such disciplines that would provide the formation of skills in the process of creating a “wild product”.
Preoperative Platelet and International Normalized Ratio Thresholds and Risk of Complications After Primary Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Varady Nathan H. , Yeung Caleb M. , Amen Troy B. , Schwab Pierre-Emmanuel , Chen Antonia F.
Published: August 2020

Background:

A paucity of data exists on safe platelet and international normalized ratio (INR) thresholds for hip fracture surgery. Recent work has called into question the safety of preoperative INRs < 1.5 for total knee arthroplasty, and optimal platelet thresholds are unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk of 30-day postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients with thrombocytopenia or elevated INRs undergoing hip fracture surgery.

Methods:

The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for patients undergoing surgical treatment of a native hip fracture from 2012 to 2017 (N = 86,850). Patient demographic, laboratory, and complication data were collected. Patients with preoperative platelet counts or INRs within one day of surgery were included for analysis. Preoperative platelet counts and INRs were divided into four groups (<50 k/μL, ≥50 k to 100 k/μL, ≥100 k to 150 k/μL, ≥150 k/μL, and ≤1.0, >1.0 to 1.5, >1.5 to 2.0, and >2.0, respectively). Multivariable logistic regressions were used to assess the independent association between platelet count and INR on bleeding complications requiring transfusion, wound complications, reoperations, readmissions, and deaths.

Results:

A total of 72,306 and 56,027 patients were included for analysis of preoperative platelet and INR levels, respectively. In reference to platelet levels ≥150 k/μL, a notably increased risk of bleeding events was observed for patients with platelet counts ≥100 k to 150 k/μL (odds ratio [OR] 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.15 to 1.27), ≥50 to 100 k/μL (OR 1.85, 1.69 to 2.03), and <50 k/μL (OR 1.60, 1.25 to 2.04). Decreasing platelet counts were associated with a stepwise increased risk of mortality from OR 1.12 (1.02 to 1.22) for platelet counts ≥100 k to 150 k/μL to OR 1.63 (1.41 to 1.90) and OR 1.59 (1.06 to 2.39) for platelet counts ≥50 k to 100 k/μL and <50 k/μL, respectively. Elevated INR was associated with an increased risk of reoperations, readmissions, and death (P < 0.001 for all), with largest effect sizes observed starting at INRs >1.5.

Discussion:

The results of this study suggest that preoperative platelet thresholds of <100,000/μL and INR thresholds of 1.5 serve as an important risk factor for complications after hip fracture surgery. Future work is warranted to determine whether preoperative platelet transfusions and/or INR reversal will improve outcomes for these patients.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III
Simulation Training in Fracture Surgery
Authors: Marchand Lucas S. , Sciadini Marcus F.
Published: August 2020

The current surgical training environment has sparked a paradigm shift toward the use of surgical training simulation. An apprentice-based model has historically been used in surgical education, but current financial and practical constraints have led to a more variable training experience. Surgical simulation has demonstrated efficacy in many facets of orthopaedic training and has most recently been implemented to fine-tune surgical skill in reconstruction of traumatic skeletal injuries. Although some surgical skills learned during residency training are not fully used in later practice, most surgeons require a baseline level of competence in managing skeletal trauma. Fracture surgery is heavily dependent on technical skill. Trainee simulation use in skill acquisition has potential to improve proficiency during actual surgery. Furthermore, in a specialty where the standard axiom has been repetition matters, education augmentation with simulation provides overall benefit. Work remains to maximize the effectiveness of surgical simulation in fracture treatment through improved model integration and access.
Radiographic Risk Factors Associated With Adverse Local Tissue Reaction in Head-Neck Taper Corrosion of Primary Metal-on-Polyethylene Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Kwon Young-Min , An Shuai , Yeo Ingwon , Tirumala Venkatsaiakhil , Chen Wenhao , Klemt Christian
Published: August 2020

Background:

Adverse local tissue reactions (ALTRs) in metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) total hip arthroplasty (THA) with head-neck taper corrosion are multifactorial, involving implant and patient factors. This study aimed to identify any potential clinical risk factors associated with failed MoP THA due to head-neck taper corrosion.

Methods:

A series of 146 MoP THA patients was investigated: (1) ALTR (n = 42) on metal artifact sequence MRI and (2) non-ALTR (n = 104). Both cohorts were compared regarding femoral neck shaft angle, acetabular implant orientation, component size, femoral head offset, measurement of medial and vertical femoral offsets, and femoral stem alloy.

Results:

The occurrence of ALTR was associated with increased radiographic femoral stem offset (36.0 ± 7.7 mm versus 40.8 ± 7.3 mm, P = 0.008), increased femoral head offset (0.7 ± 3.4 versus 4.5 ± 3.7, P < 0.001), and the use of Ti-12Mo-6Zr-2Fe alloy stems (P = 0.041). The presence of ALTR was notably associated with higher chromium (2.0 versus 0.5 μg/L) and cobalt (7.4 versus 0.7 μg/L, P < 0.001).

Discussion:

This study identified increased femoral head and stem offset and the use of Ti-12Mo-6Zr-2Fe alloy stems as risk factors for clinically relevant ALTR due to head-neck taper corrosion in MoP THA patients. This provides evidenced-based practical information for surgeons in identifying “at-risk” symptomatic MoP THA patients with head-neck taper corrosion for systematic risk stratification.
Ruzie op de werkvloer, over een verstoorde horizontale arbeidsverhouding
Authors: Briejer Alexander
Published: August 2020

Ruzie op de werkvloer, over een verstoorde horizontale arbeidsverhouding

Dit artikel gaat over een verstoorde horizontale arbeidsverhouding als g-grond. De auteur gaat aan de hand van wetgeving en rechtspraak dieper in op dit onderwerp. Diverse vraagstukken komen uitgebreid aan bod, zoals de vraag in hoeverre van een werkgever mag worden verwacht een dergelijke verstoring te herstellen. Het beoordelingskader van een rechter komt ook ter sprake. Slechts in bijzondere gevallen kan een verstoorde arbeidsrelatie tussen werknemers onderling een verstoorde arbeidsverhouding met de werkgever opleveren. Er dient ten minste sprake te zijn van een verstoorde horizontale arbeidsverhouding die doorwerkt in de verticale arbeidsrelatie. Uit de door de auteur in dit artikel besproken rechtspraak blijkt dat er meer aan de hand is dan een puur horizontale verstoorde arbeidsverhouding, zoals een situatie waarin de werknemer zich weigerachtig opstelt in een mediationtraject. Die verstoring werkt dan door in de verticale arbeidsverhouding waardoor een geslaagd beroep op de g-grond mogelijk is.
Conflicten bij pensioenontslag
Authors: Donner-Broersma Cornelien
Published: August 2020

Conflicten bij pensioenontslag

De centrale vraag in dit artikel is tegen welke juridische discussies werkgevers kunnen aanlopen indien zij de leeftijd van de werknemer als reden hanteren voor het beëindigen van de arbeidsovereenkomst dan wel het aftoppen van de vergoeding in een sociaal plan. Voor het beantwoorden van deze vraag worden achtereenvolgens de volgende onderwerpen behandeld: het pensioenontslagbeding, een ouderenregeling in een sociaal plan en een vermeend recht op doorwerken. Vervolgens worden – mede aan de hand van de in dit artikel aangehaalde jurisprudentie – enkele aanbevelingen voor werkgevers geformuleerd.
De AVG en ontslag: twee jaar na inwerkingtreding AVG
Authors: Dorenbos Karolina
Published: August 2020

De AVG en ontslag: twee jaar na inwerkingtreding AVG

Twee jaar na inwerkingtreding van de Algemene verordening gegevensbescherming zet de auteur in dit artikel een aantal recente ontwikkelingen op het gebied van gegevensverwerking en -bescherming op de werkvloer uiteen. In het eerste deel van het artikel gaat zij in op de meer institutionele aspecten waaronder de evaluatie van de (U)AVG. De auteur ziet ingrijpende ontwikkelingen op het gebied van wetgeving en toezicht zoals de voorgenomen wetgeving over het gebruik van alcohol- en drugstesten op de werkvloer en de ontwikkelingen op het gebied van biometrie waaronder een hoge boete van Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens voor het gebruik van de vingerscan bij toegangscontrole. In deel 2 van dit artikel zal de huidige stand van de rechtspraak worden afgezet tegen de strengere normen uit de AVG.
ESSENCE OF KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY AND THE DEGREE OF ITS INTEROPERABILITY WITH INNOVATIVE ECONOMY
Authors: Burduli Vakhtang
Published: August 2020

This article discusses the development of the concept of “knowledge economy” and the totality of its infrastructure components. Based on a comparison of the components of the infrastructures of the “innovation economy” and “knowledge economy”, the de-gree of interoperability of these concepts is established. The content of the “educa-tion” component of the knowledge economy and the content of the components of “intellectual capital”, “information sector” and “network structures”, which are both part of the infrastructure of the knowledge economy and the infrastructure of the in-novation economy, are considered.
DETERMINANTS OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT. ABOUT THE POWER OF EXPANSION OF (NEW) TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Gwoździewicz Sylwia , Cieślikowska Magdalena
Published: August 2020

The article deals with contemporary problems resulting from technological progress. The authors outline the main determinants of social development, outlining the begin-nings of shaping the information society. The important issue of the impact of technol-ogy on the dimension and changes in social life was also raised. All the considerations entail an attempt to outline the direction of transformations carried out with new technologies, both in the global and individual dimensions. The article presents the issues of contemporary societies that bring together participants in a complex system, more and more interconnected and dependent on new technologies.
FINANCIAL ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF TOBACCO PRODUCERS: A CASE STUDY FROM ALBANIAN PRODUCERS
Authors: Sulillari Junada , Nasto Kostandin
Published: August 2020

The aim of this research paper is to realize an analysis of the tobacco market in Albania. We will be focused on some of the elements that have characterized this market, like the existence of monopoly situation. The study will help us reveal some of the problems that the monopoly as a competitive structure may have brought.
We also want to treat some of the issues or problems that tobacco producers face. We want also to see how much they are supported from the government and also want to discover their opinion about different issues regarding the way in which this market functions. The results showed that there are several problems that tobacco producers in Albania face. These problems are related with the market competitive structure and also with the governmental intervention. Informality has been one of the elements that have been followed by some other problems for the producers; such as uncertainties for the producers. So the study revealed that not everything is going well for tobacco producers in Albania. One of the main elements that have done the producers not satis-fied as been the lack of the necessary support from the government, which should be more helpful toward them.
POOR HOUSEHOLDS EXPENDITURE FOR PREVENTIVE AND CURATIVE HEALTH NEEDS
Authors: Simatupang Johannes , Junaidi Junaidi
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research is to analyze: 1) patterns and allocation of household expenditure in poor urban and rural areas for preventive and curative health needs in Jambi Province; 2) socio-economic factors that affect their expenditure. Data is gath-ered thorough poor households at the locus of chosen village. To analyze the patterns and allocation of household expenditures, descriptive statistical measures as well as single and cross frequency tables is used. Furthermore, to analyze the factors influenc-ing, multiple regression model is used. The results found that: 1) the average health expenditure per capita per year of was IDR 67,391. It is 1.37 percent of the total annu-al expenditure per capita, or only 3.56 percent of the total per capita annual expendi-ture for non-food needs. Furthermore, detailed health expenditures for curative and preventive, it was found that 73.36 percent of health expenditures for poor households were for curative needs and only 26.64 percent were allocated for preventive health needs; 2) socioeconomic factors that significantly influence health expenditure are: family head age, head of the family education, field and business status, per capita expenditure, and structure of household members according to age, education and main activities. Therefore to improve health poor household service requires a massive campaign to encourage them to go to service center. This service is granted by local governments, though it still have difficulties to be implemented on health insurance scheme in Indonesia (BPJS).
EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENT AND CONTINUENCE COMMITMENT IN THE NIGERIAN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
Authors: Okolie Ugo Chuks , Ochei James Ogwugwua
Published: August 2020

Employee empowerment and continuance commitment are two concepts that are of significance to all modern corporate entities. A robust appreciation and application of employee empowerment will contribute in measurable respects to the growth and sustainability of various organizations and continuance commitment of their employ-ees. This study is an assessment of the relationship and the effect of employee empow-erment on continuance commitment in the Nigerian manufacturing industry. A cross-sectional survey design method was adopted and data was collected via a survey of three hundred and three (303) respondents randomly selected from a population of 1243 employees of 25 manufacturing companies in Delta State, Nigeria. Data collect-ed were analyzed using Spearman’s Rank Correlation and linear regression analysis with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23. The results of the study showed that there is significant relationship between employee empowerment and continuance commitment. As predicted, the study also revealed that employee empowerment exerts a positive and statistically significant effect on continuance commitment in manufacturing companies in Delta State, Nigeria. Based on these find-ings, we conclude that employee empowerment has significant influence on continu-ance commitment. The study therefore recommends among others that management of manufacturing companies in Nigeria should grant their employees power to initiate change, thereby encouraging them to take charge of their work tasks.
THE PERCEPTION AND DEFIES OF POLYGAMY IN THE BAMALI COMMUNITY, CAMEROON. A POST-COLONIAL SURVEY
Authors: Muntoh Eugene Muambeh
Published: August 2020

In the Bamali community of Cameroon, just as in other parts of Africa, polygamy was an important aspect of indigenous culture which was widely acceptable and practiced by many. Monogamy was regarded as a form of weakness given the fact that the might and pride of a man was measured in accordance with the number wives and children he had. This paper seeks to examine the perception of polygamy and its defies in the Bamali community. It highlights the basis of polygamy among the Bamali people, and also explores the impact of polygamous marriages on the family. The paper sustains the argument that, despite the fact that polygamy was widely accepted and practiced by many, it had devastating effects on family happiness. In order to achieve this goal, the paper made appeal to some selected primary and secondary sources and the con-clusions were drawn after a qualitative historical analysis. The paper concludes by stating that, polygamy was an inherent cultural practice of the Bamali people which resisted cultural extinction and has moved into a revolutionary dimension to trans-cend the various historical periods.
Book Reviews Acta Orientalia 23
Authors: Orientalia Acta
Published: August 2020

Book reviews in Acta Orientalia 23
‘The Tale of the Cairene and the Countryman’
Authors: Connolly Magdalen
Published: August 2020

This short article offers a revised transcription and English translation of Qiṣṣat al-maṣrī wa-l-rīfī ‘The Tale of the Cairene and the Countryman’ as found in AIU VII.C.16, with grammatical notes. This new edition of the text demonstrates that Goitein’s (1972) rendering of the manuscript concealed significant orthographic features, which indicate a later date of composition than Goitein proposed. Since its publication, Goitein’s (1972) edition of AIU VII.C.16 has been widely used among students and scholars of Judaeo-Arabic as a guideline for dating other Judaeo-Arabic texts of the Ottoman era. The fragment’s importance in contemporary scholarship continues, rendering a revised edition an indispensable resource for future generations of Judaeo-Arabic scholars.

Keywords:  Judaeo-Arabic – Middle Arabic – orthography – folk tales – Qiṣṣat al-maṣrī wa-l-rīfī
The impacts of COVID-19 on the world of work in Turkey
Authors: Çerkezoğlu Arzu
Published: August 2020

This article explores the reaction to the pandemic in Turkey, specifically as regards its impact on workers’ health, livelihoods and employment. It is clear that the pandemic, which has hit Turkey very hard, has had a disproportionate impact on working people and members of the union. The government has shortened the service record required to qualify for short-time working allowance, and also imposed a ban on lay-offs, but these are far from complete solutions. Meanwhile, its relief package - the ‘Economic Stability Shield’ - predominantly consists of credit lines and debt relief and is also the second lowest in the G20. Times are uncertain for all workers, particularly unregistered ones, as well as for poor families in terms of meeting basic needs now and during the next period of the pandemic, on top of the employment and unemployment crisis which has already been going on since August 2018. The government has decided not to take the advice of trade unions and professional organisations, but DİSK continues to raise its voice as regards maintaining the social order both now and in the crucial post-pandemic period.
Complementary currency as an instrument for economic development in the western Balkans
Authors: Golemi Ela , Muço Klodian
Published: August 2020

Regional economic integration is regarded as a priority task for western Balkans countries in order to prepare them for integration into the European Union. Given the under-performance between these countries in terms of trade, we propose the creation of a complementary supranational currency that would serve the common market of the western Balkans and also intensify trade exchanges between them. We support the idea that structural reforms and the technical provisions proposed in this adopted Keynes Plan may, at least in principle, provide the necessary solutions to avoid imbalances between the countries; serve as an incentive to intensify trade exchanges; and curb inflationary and deflationary pressures in the joint western Balkans market. Our research makes a solid contribution to the debate on international monetary systems. We believe that a complementary currency would make regional integration more effective within the western Balkans but, furthermore, would also call into question the international monetary system were it to be as effective in practice as we think it would be.
Can the issue of corruption be solved? An analysis of corruption in the Balkans and potential solutions
Authors: Teichmann Fabian , Falker Marie-Christin
Published: August 2020

This research paper analyses how countries in the western Balkans have been affected by corruption and how, despite significant efforts, corrupt practices continue to present barriers to their long-standing goal of joining the European Union. Corruption has severely negative impacts on economic growth and a country’s international reputation, and so we infer that a different approach is required. Ten expert interviews were conducted in an explorative research approach in order to examine the concept of anti-bribery compliance incentives. Interview partners were asked to address how anti-bribery incentives could be employed by multinational corporations in order to eliminate corruption. Subsequent discussion illustrates how our findings could be combined with other measures towards eliminating corruption across all sectors. The overall purpose of this research, and its contribution, lies in exploring a new method of tackling corruption and developing innovative theory to gain a more profound understanding of the concept, its implications for the Balkans and how it could yet be addressed more effectively.
Juristische Lehre in Zeiten von Corona – Ein Griff in die digitale Trickkiste
Authors: Zwickel Martin
Published: August 2020

In der Corona-Krise und nach Absage der meisten Präsenzlehrveranstaltungen fragen sich viele Dozentinnen und Dozenten, wie ihre rechtswissenschaftlichen Lehrveranstaltungen weiterhin durchgeführt werden können. Digitale Lehr-/Lernangebote scheinen eine Schlüsselrolle in diesen Überlegungen zu spielen. Die in Betracht kommenden Instrumente sind dabei jedoch alles andere als neu. Vielmehr stellen sich die nachfolgenden Ausführungen für E-Learning-Erfahrene sicherlich oft als Selbstverständlichkeiten dar. Sie sollen hier aber auch nur im Sinne einer (nicht abschließenden) fachdidaktischen Toolbox Verwendung finden.
Militärmacht China
Authors: Unterseher Lutz
Published: August 2020

A detailed analysis of China's military power puts it in the context of the country's growing economic potential and the function as a stabilizer of the Communist Party's rule. The armed forces, with all relevant elements, are presented with their current strengths and deficits – along with a careful look at their technological and strategic perspectives: from the ground forces to activities related to cyber war and outer space. This serves as a basis for a discussion of China's relations vis-à-vis the USA and its neighbours across the adjacent seas. Not only the level of nuclear armaments, but also the question of an eventual encirclement of China is being dealt with: the latter as a means to curb Beijing's strife for hegemony.
Permafrost table depth in soils of Eastern Antarctica oases, King George and Ardley Islands (South Shetland Islands)
Authors: Alekseev Ivan , Abakumov Evgeny
Published: August 2020

This study was aimed to investigate the electrical resistivity in soils and permafrost of various ice-free areas of Antarctica and Sub-Antarctica (from coastal Eastern Antarctica oases to Maritime Antarctica). Measurements of electrical resistivity of soil and permafrost strata were performed with a portable device LandMapper. It was found that the permafrost table depth ranged 82 to106 cm in Bunger Hills, 95 to 122 cm in Larsemann Hills, 27 to 106 in Thala Hills, and 89 to 100 cm on King George Island and Ardley Island. Presence (and thickness) of organic layer and influence of snow patches melting were found the main reasons for differentiation of permafrost table depth in the studied ice-free areas. Anthropogenic disturbance at waste disposal sites resulted in more pronounced soil profile heterogeneity and formation of scattered electrical resistivity profiles. Permafrost layer was found less homogenous in the upper part of permafrost strata compared to the lower part. An application of vertical electrical resistivity sounding (VERS) may be very useful for evaluation of active layer thickness in Antarctic environments, especially when they are facing severe anthropogenic influence due to maintaining of numerous Antarctic research stations and logistical operations
A new record of lichenized fungus species for Antarctica: Peltigera castanea Goward, Goffinet & Miądl.
Authors: Halıcı Mehmet Gökhan , Osmanoğlu Osman Muaz , Kahraman Merve
Published: August 2020

As a result of our studies aiming to determine the lichen mycota of the James Ross Island (Antarctic Peninsula), we report Peltigera castanea, a species in the P. didactyla complex from Antarctica and Southern Hemisphere for the first time. Collections were evaluated using morphological, anatomical and molecular characteristics (nrITS). Peltigera castanea has foliose, 4-6 cm lobate thallus; upper surface dark brown to chestnut brown, weakly tomentose (especially in the margins of the lobes) and sorediate. The morphological and ecological variations of this species are discussed in this paper.
Microbiomes of the initial soils of mining areas of Yakutsk City (Eastern Siberia, Russia)
Authors: Zverev Alexey , Petrov Alexey , Kimeklis Anastasia , Kichko Arina , Andronov Evgeny , Petrov Alexey , Abakumov Evgeny
Published: August 2020

The microbiome of initial soils formed at the heaps and bottoms of surface sediment quarries in the surroundings of Yakutsk City(Eastern Siberia,Russia) has been characterized for the first time. In the initial Entisols, we detected Alphaproteobacteria (represented mainly by the family Rizobiales), Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes (mostly Chitinophagales), Deltaproteobacteria, and Chloroflexi. The lower soil horizons had a more homogenous species diversity taxonomy that was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria. The morphologically different horizons did not differ microbiologically. This is caused by the limited soil development and relatively slow rate of revegetation of the spoil banks and heaps of the quarries under the severe climatic conditions of the Eastern part of Russian Arctic zone. Based on our findings, we propose that the soil microbiomes in such recently abandoned quarries are characterized by low diversity, which is a characteristic feature of the polar soils surrounding Yakutsk. Data obtained can be used for elaboration of reclamation strategies with taking into account the information about key microbial drivers of soil processes.
Microfungi, algae and cyanobacteria in soils polluted with fluorine (Kola Peninsula, Russia)
Authors: Redkina Vera V. , Shalygina Regina R. , Korneykova Mariya V.
Published: August 2020

The analysis of algal-mycological complexes in Albic Podzolic soils affected by emissions of the Kandalaksha Aluminum Smelter (KAS) was carried out. The number and biomass of microscopic fungi in the maximum fluorine-polluted zone (fluorine-content >1000 mg/kg) more than 2 times lower than in distanced areas and amounted to 17.3 thousants colony-forming units/g and 1.33 mg/g respectively. Altogether, 31 species of soil fungi were isolated. The species Penicillium trzebinskii and P. miczynskii dominated the zone of maximum pollution. P. glabrum, P. spinulosum, and Memnoniella echinata prevailed in the zones of moderate pollution and background. The part of opportunistic fungi in contaminated soil increased in comparison with the background soil. The reduction of dark-colored fungi biomass in contaminated soil was noted. In total, 56 species of eukaryotic algae and 7 species of cyanobacteria were found. Among green algae, the species from families Chlorophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae dominated in all plots. In the zones of maximum and strong contamination, 53 algae species were found including xanthophytes, which were absent in unpolluted areas. The number of viable cells in the litter of the maximum contaminated soils varied from 100 thousand to 1.5 million in 1 g of absolutely dry soil. The species composition of algae and cyanobacteria in these soils showed the characteristic features of the Arctic biological soil crusts.
The Perception of Website Accessibility: A Survey of Turkish Software Professionals
Authors: Onay Durdu Pınar , Altuntaş Zehra
Published: August 2020

Websites become main information dissemination mechanism to a variety of audiences for a wide spectrum of organizations from commercial to governmental context. The universal design of this communication medium, which enables them to be accessible for all people, becomes an important issue. However, currently websites are still not accessible. One of the reason for this situation can be based on the lack of awareness and understanding of software professionals who develop them since they have the greatest influence. In this study, the aim was to reveal the current situation among software professionals who contributed in any stage of the website development in Turkey by mainly focusing on their perceptions of website accessibility and related issues. A web-based questionnaire was implemented with 108 participants from academy, industry and government to reveal the perceptions regarding the relationship between accessibility, user experience (UX) and usability as well as professionals’ perspectives on related issues such as the need of a standard accessibility definition, accessibility evaluation methods, and accessibility drivers. The results showed that software professionals prefer inclusive definitions for website accessibility by relating it to all people. They think that accessibility, usability and UX are all related concepts and user-centered practices should be applied to enable the website accessibility. In addition, they think that legislations should be enabled to ensure web accessibility. Although the findings provides the snapshot of the Turkish situation regarding website accessibility perceptions, these perceptions are critical since they provide guidance on shared understanding for the accessibility community.
Sosyal Medya Fenomeni ve Marka İşbirliği: İşbirliği Paylaşımlarına İlişkin Instagram Kullanıcı Yorumları Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Gül Ünlü Derya , Zeybek Burcu
Published: August 2020

Sosyal medya fenomenlerini, spesifik konular hakkında kişisel deneyimlerine dayalı içerik paylaşan ve bu paylaşımlar üzerinden geniş sayıda takipçi sayısına ulaşan bireyler olarak ifade etmek mümkündür. Fenomenlerin, günlük yaşam önerilerine ve deneyimlerine dayalı tavsiyelerini içeren paylaşımlarının geniş bir kullanıcı kitlesi tarafından takip edilmesi, onların dijital ortamın önemli kanaat önderleri olarak kabul edilmelerini gerekli kılmaktadır. Fenomenler tarafından paylaşılan bu içerikler, markalar için de dikkat çekici reklam mecralarına dönüşmekte, hatta öyle ki birçok marka bir fenomen markasını da yanına alarak işbirliklerinden oluşan özel ürünler piyasaya sürmektedir. Fenomen ve marka işbirlikleriyle piyasaya sürülerek, Instagram üzerinden tanıtımı yapılan ürün paylaşımlarına odaklanan bu çalışmada, öncelikle, söz konusu işbirliği ürünlerinin sosyal medya fenomenleri tarafından nasıl duyurulduğunun ve kullanım önerisinin nasıl gerçekleştirildiğinin ortaya koyulması amaçlanmaktadır. Sonrasında ise, sosyal medya fenomenleri tarafından Instagram hesaplarında yayınlanan bu paylaşımların altına gelen kullanıcı yorumlarında öne çıkan temaların ve bu temalara ilişkin duygu durumlarının neler olduğunun ortaya koyulması hedeflenmektedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, kategorisel içerik analizi tekniğiyle betimsel yönteme dayalı bir alan araştırması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda ise, sosyal medya fenomenlerinin, Instagram hesapları üzerinden yayınladıkları marka işbirliği paylaşımlarında en fazla fotoğraf paylaşımında bulundukları, ürün tanıtımına odaklanan bu paylaşımları öncelikli olarak konuyla ilgili açıklama metinleri ve emojilerle destekledikleri bulgulanmıştır. Söz konusu paylaşımların altına gelen kullanıcı yorumlarının ise, sırasıyla olumlu, olumsuz ve nötr duygu durumlarını yansıttığı ve kullanıcıların fenomene ilişkin beğeni ya da eleştirilerinin paylaşımı yapılan işbirliği ürününe de genellenen yorumlara dönüştüğü ortaya koyulmuştur.
Розин В.М. Симбиоз знаков и событий
Authors: Розин Вадим Маркович ,   Lobachevsky State University Press
Published: August 2020

В статье предлагается решение важной проблемы гуманитарной науки и семиотики (при этом автор отталкивается от интересного доклада Александры Володиной, прочитанной в Институте философии РАН). Дело в том, что традиционная семиотика хо-рошо объясняет только относительно небольшой класс знаков, например, естественного языка, транс-портные, коммуникационные и др. Попытки подвес-ти под классическое понятие знака (Ф. Соссюр, Л. Ельмслев, У. Эко) произведения искусств, иконы, символы, схемы, проекты не приносят успеха. Автор предлагает гипотезу о связи (симбиозе) знаков и событий психической реальности, позволяющую, на его взгляд, решать эту проблему. Он старается показать, что если первый класс знаков, удовлетво-рительно описываемых в традиционной семиотике, обслуживает, прежде всего, процессы коммуника-ции, то второй (произведения искусств, иконы, схе-мы, проекты и т.п.) поддерживает сразу два процес-са ‒ коммуникации и про-живание событий опреде-ленной реальности индивида. Для разъяснения и доказательства этой гипотезы в статье анализируют-ся три кейса (понимание затмения аборигенными народами, переживание детьми сказок и открытие ими изображений). При этом используются понятия схемы, психической реальности, события, знака. Связь знаков и событий истолковывается автором также в ключе биологической аналогии с симбиозом двух организмов (знаки обеспечивают события ре-альности, а события образуют почву для означения), причем, ссылаясь на свои исследования, он утвер-ждает, что подобный же симбиоз характерен для многих процессов (например, процесса реализации личности и процесса сновидений, а также процессов общения, игры, некоторых форм рефлексии).
Этика пандемии и «республика ученых»
Authors: Шевченко Сергей Юрьевич ,   Lobachevsky State University Press
Published: August 2020

В статье рассмотрена перспектива формирования новой «республики ученых» в контексте вызовов пандемии коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19. В отличие от «республики ученых», существовав-шей в эпоху Возрождения и Просвещения, новое международное сообщество исследователей строится исходя из общности проблем и дел (res), а не познавательных интересов публики. Тем не менее, определенные познавательные и ин-теллектуальные добродетели могут потребовать-ся от исследователей и в текущих условиях для преодоления трех типов рисков, связанных с формированием нового сообщества. В трех раз-делах статьи последовательно рассмотрены эти риски и намечены характеристики познающих агентов, необходимые для их минимизации, а также приведены примеры исследовательских практик, в которых могут проявляться эти харак-теристики. Так, преодолеть опасность замыкания в «башне из слоновой кости» помогает необхо-димая в социальных исследованиях науки и тех-нологий способность познавать текучие объекты, к которым отнесены и вирусы. Добродетели от-крытости и любопытства, ценимые биохакерами, помогают справиться с угрозами структурной эпистемической несправедливости, с «гермети-зацией» экспертизы. Интеллектуальное мужество и скромность, позволяющие биоэтикам критико-вать суждения, претендующие на всеобщность, позволяют преодолеть конформизм экспертов.
Как сделать науку эффективнее
Authors: Петров Кирилл Алексеевич ,   Lobachevsky State University Press
Published: August 2020

В статье анализируется проект новой «республи-ки ученых», построенной на основе эпистемиче-ских добродетелей представителей «гаражной» науки – биохакеров. Рассмотрение условий воз-можности «республики ученых» предполагает изучение концепта «текучего объекта», являю-щегося ключевым для ряда исследований в рам-ках акторно-сетевой теории. Автор утверждает, что текучесть не является онтологическим свой-ством самого объекта. Концепт текучести ис-пользуется исследователями науки и технологий для демонстрации случайной вариативности объектов при условии их неизменности в сете-вых пространствах. Доказывается, что ученые и инженеры стремятся создать обширные сети устойчивых отношений, а следовательно, наука никогда не обладала желаемой степенью авто-номности. В статье демонстрируется общее ос-нование организации официальной, институцио-нальной и гражданской науки – концепт риска. Модель риска, возникшая в 70-е годы ХХ века, определила условия «нового общественного до-говора» науки и государства, задав ключевые принципы их взаимодействия. В условиях пан-демии коронавируса концепция риска становит-ся основанием введения карантинных мер. Одновременно с этим карантин рассматривается как частный случай «чрезвычайного положения», демонстрирующий суверенность государства. Сама пандемия и связанные с ней мероприятия имеют, прежде всего, политический аспект. Таким образом, распространение эпистемиче-ских добродетелей биохакеров не способно ре-шить все проблемы, связанные с созданием но-вой «республики ученых».
Revision of the genus Cobbionema Filipjev, 1922 (Nematoda, Chromadorida, Selachinematidae)
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed , Boström Sven , Holovachov Oleksandr
Published: August 2020

This paper reports on the genus Cobbionema Filipjev, 1922 in Sweden with the description of four species and a revision of the genus. Cobbionema acrocerca Filipjev, 1922 is relatively small in size, with a tail that has a conical proximal and a digitate distal section. Cobbionema cylindrolaimoides Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1950 is similar to C. acrocerca in most characters except having a larger body size and heavily cuticularized mandibles. Cobbionema brevispicula sp. nov. is characterised by short spicules and a conoid tail. Cobbionema acuminata sp. nov. is characterised by a long two-part spicule, a conical tail and three (one mid dorsal and two ventrosublateral) sharply pointed tines in the anterior chamber of the stoma that are located more anterior than in all the other species. We also present a molecular phylogeny of the family based on the nearly full-length 18S and the D2-D3 expansion segment of the 28S rRNA genes. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian trees inferred from both genes strongly support a clade that included Cobbionema, Demonema Cobb, 1894 and Halichoanolaimus de Man, 1888 and another clade with Gammanema Cobb, 1920 and Latronema Wieser, 1954 nested together. None of the trees supported the monophyly of the subfamilies Choniolaiminae and Selachinematinae.
Emerging Use of Epidiolex (Cannabidiol) in Epilepsy
Authors: Abu-Sawwa Renad , Scutt Brielle , Park Yong
Published: August 2020

The first plant-derived, purified pharmaceutical-grade cannabidiol (CBD) medication, Epidiolex, was approved in the United States by the FDA on June 25, 2018. Its approval for patients ≥ 2 years of age with Dravet syndrome (DS) or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) markedly altered the treatment of medically refractory seizures in these disorders. This state-of-the-art review will discuss the history of CBD, its current pharmacology and toxicology, evidence supporting its use in a variety of epileptic syndromes, common side effects and adverse effects, and pharmacokinetically based drug-drug interactions. Owing to the importance in considering side effects, adverse effects, and drug-drug interactions in patients with medically refractory epilepsy syndromes, this review will take a deeper look into the nuances of the above within a clinical context, as compared to the other antiepileptic medications. Furthermore, despite the limited data regarding clinically significant drug-drug interactions, potential pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions with CBD and other antiepileptics are theorized on the basis of their metabolic pathways. The article will further elucidate future research in terms of long-term efficacy, safety, and drug interactions that is critical to addressing unanswered questions relevant to clinical practice.
Incidence and Causes of Infusion Alarms in a Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Fonzo-Christe Caroline , Bochaton Nathalie , Kiener Amalys , Rimensberger Peter C. , Bonnabry Pascal
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the incidence and causes of infusion alarms in a NICU/PICU setting.

METHODS

We conducted a 90-day prospective analysis of event logs downloaded daily from infusion pumps (syringe and volumetric pumps). The details about conditions surrounding alarm events were described daily by bedside nurses on a standardized form. The occlusion pressure alarm was set at 300 mm Hg on each device.

RESULTS

Forty-one pediatric patients including 12 neonates, mean weight 11.0 ± 11.3 kg (minimum–maximum, 0.48–50), were included for a total infusion time of 2164 hours. Eight hundred forty-three infusion alarms were documented (220 [26.1%] occlusion; 273 [32.4%] infusion completed; 324 [38.4%] door open/syringe disengagement; 26 [3.1%] air-in-line) resulting in an incidence of 4.7 infusion (1.2 occlusion) alarms per patient per day.

Detailed conditions surrounding occlusion alarm events were documented in only 22.7% (50/220) of the cases. Of these, 36% (18/50) were related to closed or clamped lines, 4% (2/50) to syringe change, 16% (8/50) to drug injection, and 8% (4/50) to patient-related factors. The remaining 36% (18/50) occurred without any apparent external cause during ongoing infusion, among these drug incompatibilities were a potential cause for 12 events.

CONCLUSION

Alarms from infusion pumps were frequent in the NICU/PICU setting, a quarter of them resulting from line occlusion. Other than well-known triggers (mechanical and patient factors), drug incompatibilities were identified as a potential cause for occlusion alarms in this pilot study.
Effect of IV Acetaminophen Usage on Opioid Requirements, Outcomes and Costs of Care for Postoperative Children in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Taylor Brock M. , Chakraborty Shawn R. , Harthan Aaron A. , Tripathi Sandeep , Wang Huaping , Swayampakula Anil Kumar
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE

Children admitted to the ICU are commonly treated with opioids for postoperative pain. We hypothesized that administration of IV acetaminophen in the immediate postoperative period is effective in lowering cumulative opioid use leading to other benefits.

METHODS

This was a retrospective chart review of patients admitted to the PICU between December 2016 and April 2019. For each patient, data including demographics, cumulative opioid usage per kilogram, oral or rectal acetaminophen, x-ray findings, hospital costs, and surgical procedure were collected. Cumulative opioid usage was determined by converting all opioids to morphine equivalents (MEs) per kg. Standard descriptive and comparative analyses were conducted using SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, NC).

RESULTS

A total of 200 patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria (N = 92 in IV acetaminophen group and N = 108 in no IV acetaminophen group). There was no significant difference in ME per kilogram between the groups (0.3 ME/kg in IV acetaminophen group, IQR 0.5 ME/kg versus 0.4 ME/kg in no IV acetaminophen group, IQR 0.5 ME/kg, adjusted p = 0.38). Rate of atelectasis was not significant between the groups (47.8% in IV acetaminophen versus 45.4% in no acetaminophen group, p = 0.28). There was a significant difference in median total hospital costs between the groups ($22,456 in IV acetaminophen group, IQR $18,650 versus $18,552 in no IV acetaminophen group, IQR $13,361, adjusted p = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS

IV acetaminophen in the immediate postoperative period did not lead to a decrease in cumulative opioid usage or rate of atelectasis. IV acetaminophen usage was associated with increase in overall hospital costs per patient.
Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury Among Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Receiving Vancomycin With Either Piperacillin/Tazobactam or Cefepime
Authors: Bartlett Jenna W. , Gillon Jessica , Hale Jennifer , Jimenez-Truque Natalia , Banerjee Ritu
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVES

To determine whether combination therapy with vancomycin and TZP is associated with a higher incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) compared with vancomycin with cefepime in infants admitted to the NICU.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study included infants in the NICU who received vancomycin/cefepime or vancomycin/TZP for at least 48 hours. The primary outcome was incidence of AKI, which was defined by the neonatal modified Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes AKI criteria.

RESULTS

Forty-two infants who received vancomycin with cefepime and 58 infants who received vancomycin with TZP were included in the analysis. The median gestational age at birth, birth weight, and dosing weight were lower in the TZP group, but other baseline characteristics were comparable, including corrected gestational age. Two patients (3%) receiving vancomycin/TZP versus 2 patients (5%) receiving vancomycin/cefepime met criteria for AKI during their antibiotic course (p = 1.00). There were no clinically significant changes in serum creatinine or urine output from baseline to the end of combination antibiotic treatment in either group.

CONCLUSIONS

Among infants admitted to our NICU, AKI incidence associated with vancomycin and either TZP or cefepime therapy was low and did not differ by antibiotic combination.