bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Segmental trunk control and developmental parameters in children with cerebral palsy aged 24 to 42 months: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Arikan Zeynep , Yardimci-Lokmanoğlu Bilge Nur , Mutlu Akmer , Livanelioğlu Ayşe
Published: February 2025

This study aimed (1) to investigate the relationship between segmental trunk control and motor, cognitive, and language development parameters in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and (2) to compare segmental trunk control levels and motor, language, and cognitive development in children with CP and typically developing (TD) peers. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 63 children aged between 24 and 42 months, including those with typical and atypical development. The atypical development group included 30 children with CP ranged from Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I to V (70.0% males, median age: 29 months, interquartile range: 25–36 months), and 33 children in the TD group (69.7% males, median age: 29 months, interquartile range: 26–36 months) included age-matched. Motor, language, and cognitive development domains were evaluated using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition, and the level of trunk control was evaluated using the Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control. In children with CP, segmental trunk control was found to be strongly correlated with motor, cognitive, and language development (all P < .001, Spearman r ranged from 0.767–0.927). Furthermore, children with CP had lower segmental trunk control levels and cognitive, language, and motor development results than their TD peers (all P < .001). The strong relationship between segmental trunk control levels and developmental parameters can guide clinicians and therapists in planning and implementing intervention programs designed for children with CP who have difficulties in trunk control.
Bidirectional Mendelian randomization reveals causal immune cell phenotypes in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Huang Luofei , Shi Jian , Li Han , Lin Quanzhi
Published: February 2025

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent inflammation in synovial joints and influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The immune system, comprising various cells that either exacerbate or reduce inflammation, plays a central role in RA pathogenesis. Despite extensive research, the causal relationships between immune cell phenotypes and RA remain unclear. We employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal associations between 731 immune cell phenotypes and RA. Genetic variants, carefully selected based on rigorous criteria, served as instrumental variables to ensure analytical validity. Data on RA were derived from the FinnGen database, whereas immune cell phenotype data were obtained from the genome-wide association studies catalog. We employed 5 MR methods, including inverse variance weighted and MR Egger, to ensure robust causal inference. We assessed for pleiotropy and heterogeneity and adjusted findings using the False Discovery Rate. After False Discovery Rate adjustment (threshold < 0.05), inverse variance weighted analysis revealed potential causal relationships between 4 immune cell types and RA: CD62L− dendritic cells %dendritic cells (P = 3.88E‐05; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.056), CD19 on IgD+ CD38− naive cells (P = 1.75E‐04; 95% CI = 0.969), CD45RA on TD CD8br (P = 5.59E‐04; 95% CI = 0.919), and HLA DR on CD33− HLA DR+ (P = 8.13E‐05; 95% CI = 1.422). In reverse Mendelian studies, specific immune cell phenotypes were found to be associated with RA risk and progression: the percentage of memory B cells among lymphocytes (P = 2.74E‐04; 95% CI = 0.861), IgD+ CD24+ cells among lymphocytes (P = 6.93E‐04; 95% CI = 0.867), CD4+ CD8dim cells among lymphocytes (P = 2.92E‐04; 95% CI = 0.802), CD4+ CD8dim cells among leukocytes (P = 4.37E‐04; 95% CI = 0.814), and CD24 expression on IgD+CD24+ cells (P = 1.05E‐04; 95% CI = 0.857). These results identify immune cell phenotypes closely linked to RA susceptibility and progression. The findings suggest that specific immune cell phenotypes are not only influenced by RA but may also contribute to its development and progression. These results offer new insights into the immunological underpinnings of RA and highlight potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Future research should focus on validating these causal relationships in diverse populations and exploring the molecular mechanisms involved.
Scoring systems to predict thrombotic complications in solid tumor patients
Authors: Sharma Swati , Sahni Sumit , Antoniak Silvio
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review

To explore the use of large datasets in predicting and managing cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (CAT) by stratifying patients into risk groups. This includes evaluating current predictive models and identifying potential improvements to enhance clinical decision-making.

Recent findings

Cancer patients are at an elevated risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE), which significantly impacts mortality and quality of life. Traditional approaches to risk assessment fail to account for the procoagulant changes associated with cancer, making individualized risk prediction a challenge. Current clinical guidelines as per ASCO recommend risk assessment before chemotherapy and endorse thromboprophylaxis as a standard preventive measure. Since any cancer population is highly heterogeneous in terms of VTE risk, predicting the risk of CAT is an oncological challenge. To address this, different predictive models have been developed to stratify patients by risk, enabling targeted thromboprophylaxis. However, these models vary in accuracy and utility. The present review discusses the pros and cons of these different models.

The review examines existing CAT risk prediction models, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and diagnostic performance. It also identifies additional variables that could enhance these models to improve their effectiveness in guiding clinicians toward better risk stratification and treatment decisions for cancer patients.
The Impact of Intraoperative CO2 Pneumoperitoneum Pressure in Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mahapatra Roy , Fok Matthew , Manu Nicola , Cameron Maria , Johnson Aimee , Kler Aaron , Fowler Hayley , Clifford Rachael , Vimalachandran Dale
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Pneumoperitoneum is widely used in gastrointestinal surgery, particularly for laparoscopic or robotic procedures, with suggested advantages associated with low pressure. While existing data predominantly focuses on laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the assessment of intra-abdominal pressures in other gastrointestinal surgeries remains unexplored.

Methods:

This study conducted an electronic literature search for randomized control trials comparing low-pressure pneumoperitoneum to standard or high-pressure counterparts.

Results:

Out of 26 articles meeting inclusion criteria, encompassing 2077 patients, 15 demonstrated positive associations with low-pressure pneumoperitoneum. No significant difference in postoperative pain was found in the remaining papers. Methodological variations, diverse outcome reporting, and a prevalent high risk of bias precluded meta-analysis.

Conclusions:

The study highlights substantial outcome variability, urging cautious interpretation of aggregated results. Despite positive associations in specific cases, insufficient evidence was found to support the superiority of low-pressure pneumoperitoneum. The study recommends future research employing validated patient-reported outcome measures and standardized reporting to help guide the development of evidence-based guidelines and optimize patient care in abdominal surgeries.
Parental Education, Midlife Hypertension, and Disparities in Late-Life Cognitive Test Scores
Authors: Adrien Tamare V. , Hirst Andrew K. , Turney Indira C. , Peterson Rachel L. , Zahodne Laura B. , Chen Ruijia , Crane Paul K. , Levy Shellie-Anne , Andrews Ryan M. , Mayeda Elizabeth R. , Whitmer Rachel A. , Gilsanz Paola , Jackson John W. , Hayes-Larson Eleanor
Published: February 2025

Background:

Parental education is an important determinant of late-life cognition, but the extent to which intervening on midlife risk factors, such as hypertension, mitigates the impact of early-life factors is unclear. Novel methodological approaches, such as causal decomposition, facilitate the assessment of contributors to health inequities through hypothetical interventions on mediating risk factors.

Methods:

Using harmonized cohorts (Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences Study; Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans) and a ratio of mediator probability weights decomposition approach, we quantified disparities in late-life cognitive test scores (semantic memory, executive function, and verbal memory z-scores) across high versus low parental education, and evaluated whether socioeconomic disparities in late-life cognitive test scores would change if the corresponding disparity in midlife hypertension were eliminated.

Results:

We observed substantial disparities across levels of parental education in late-life cognitive test scores (eg,

=−0.72 95% CI: −0.84 to −0.60 for semantic memory). Hypothetical intervention on midlife hypertension did not substantially reduce disparities in any cognitive domain. Patterns were similar when stratified by race.

Conclusions:

Future work should evaluate other points of intervention across the lifecourse (eg, participant education) to reduce late-life cognitive disparities across levels of parental education.
Oceanobacter antarcticus sp. nov., isolated from surface seawater of the Weddell Sea in Antarctica
Authors: Zhang Jinzhu , Wang Jianning , Du Yaping , Li Guangyu , Liu Xiupian , Pan Panyi , He Ziyuan , Cheng Ruolin , Lai Qiliang , Shao Zongze , Dong Chunming
Published: February 2025

The poles of the Earth harbour many novel micro-organisms that have not yet been isolated and identified. Here, a Gram-stain-negative, motile, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated as wDCs-4T, was isolated from surface seawater collected from the Weddell Sea in Antarctica. It grows at 4–40 °C (optimum 10–15 °C), pH 4–8 (optimum 7) and in the presence of 0–4% NaCl (w/v, optimum 0.5–1%). The complete 16S rRNA gene of strain wDCs-4T had maximum sequence identity with Oceanobacter mangrovi SM2-42T (97.2%), followed by Thalassolituus oleivorans MIL-1T (96.5%) and Oceanobacter kriegii 197T (96.2%). Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences showed that strain wDCs-4T was closely clustered with the members of the genus Oceanobacter and formed an independent clade, which could be considered a monophyletic taxon. The average nucleotide identity values between strain wDCs-4T and the members of the genera Oceanobacter and Thalassolituus were 77.7–78.1 and 77.4–80.5%, respectively. The corresponding digital DNA‒DNA hybridization values are 19.5–20.1 and 20.5–22.4%, respectively. The major fatty acids (>5%) of strain wDCs-4T comprised summed feature 5 (C18:0 ante/C18:2
 ω6,9c or C18:2
 ω6,9c/C18:0 ante) and C16:0. The predominant respiratory was Q-8. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, aminolipids and unknown polar lipids. The draft genome size was 4.58 Mbp, with a DNA G+C content of 53.4 mol%. On the basis of polyphasic analyses, strain wDCs-4T represented a novel species in the genus Oceanobacter, for which the name Oceanobacter antarcticus sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain was wDCs-4T (=MCCC 1A20726T=KCTC 8314T).
Causal associations of COVID-19 with health and disease outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Lidong , Yan Junwei , Ye Mengfei , Yang Xiaopeng , Yao Yiying , Xia Jiajia , Jin Haonan , Ru Shanshan , Zhang Mengdi , Liu Zheng , Zhang Yingzhe
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a substantial threat to global health. Despite numerous clinical observations and causality investigations, understanding of the disease’s progression and recovery process following infection remains limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the causal connections between COVID-19 and various diseases using Mendelian randomization studies to provide robust theoretical underpinnings for the development of effective rehabilitation and intervention strategies.

Methods

We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies on Mendelian randomization related to COVID-19 published up to October 21, 2024. We used an extensive search strategy with the keywords “Mendelian randomization” and “COVID-19”. Two pairs of coauthors independently extracted data on study characteristics, exposure, and outcomes, resolving discrepancies through discussion. We included studies that considered susceptibility to COVID-19, hospitalization, or severe infection as the exposure and disease-related effects or impacts on human health as outcomes. We assessed the quality of the included studies using the MR-STROBE criteria and extracted the relative risk (odds ratio [OR]) using a random-effects model for meta-analysis. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42025615426.

Results

Of the 1654 studies identified, 87 met the inclusion criteria for our meta-analysis. The primary outcome suggests that COVID-19 is associated with an increased risk of cardio-cerebral vascular diseases. Subgroup analyses identified an increased risk of neuropsychiatric disorders, including optic nerve disorders, epilepsy, schizophrenia, generalized anxiety disorder, stroke, myocardial infarction with COVID-19. There is also a notable association between COVID-19 and the immune system, particularly neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and myasthenia gravis.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that COVID-19 infection has direct causal effects on human health or certain diseases at the genetic level, which may manifest as increased or decreased susceptibility to disease and changes in disease severity.
Global Pan-cancer serum miRNA classifier across 13 cancer types: Analysis of 46,349 clinical samples
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Pandikannan , Parthasarathy Madhavan , Das Nilanjana , Raj Athira S , Kumar Ashok , Gupta Vikas , Das Saikat , Kumar Himanshu
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Liquid biopsy offers the minimally-invasive way of early cancer diagnosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that show promising diagnostic potential due to their stability and their dysregulation upon different physiological conditions. However, existing cancer classifiers often rely on cohort-based comparisons, limiting their clinical utility. Extensive analyses in this study present a pan-cancer miRNA-based single-sample classifier, trained on 16,190 samples, tested across 9 independent datasets, and further validated on 8 distinct disease cohorts. The classifier leverages miRNA expression signatures to classify cancer and non_cancer samples including healthy, other diseases with high sensitivity and specificity, enabling personalized predictions. The classifier identifies cancer by evaluating the relative expression patterns of specific miRNAs, capturing neoplasm-specific dysregulation patterns independent of cohort effects. This study highlights the potential of miRNAs in robust cancer classification, offering a minimally invasive, scalable, and clinically adaptable miRNA serum resource for early cancer detection across diverse populations and malignancies.
Neonatal deep medullary venous thrombosis radiographic severity is associated with neurodevelopmental impairment
Authors: Pal Ria , Barsh Gabrielle Russo , Luo Ingrid , Dahmoush Hisham , Lee Sarah , Mayne Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

Deep medullary vein thrombosis (DMVT) is an increasingly recognized etiology of neonatal brain injury, but remains poorly understood. Our study aimed to assess the association between MRI severity and neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in neonates with DMVT, and develop a novel MRI grading system that might inform clinical outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed relevant charts from infants admitted to our tertiary care hospital between January 1990 to March 2023, and evaluated clinical characteristics, MRI features, and neurodevelopmental assessments of this cohort. We developed and validated a simple MRI grading system based on injury severity, categorizing lesions into mild, moderate, or severe groups. Of the 63 neonates with a diagnosis of DMVT, 41 had moderate or severe MRI lesions; those patients were 24-fold more likely to experience NDI compared to those with mild injury (adjusted OR 24.3, 95% CI 4.7-180.2, p<0.001). Of the 52 infants with follow-up data, 40.4% developed NDI; MRI severity was the strongest predictor of impaired outcomes, independent of clinical factors including gestational age, Apgar score and seizures at presentation. Our findings suggest that this pragmatic MRI grading scheme may offer clinicians and researchers a valuable classification and prognostication tool.
Molecular basis of vitamin K-dependent protein γ-glutamyl carboxylation
Authors: Zhong Qihang , Chen Dandan , Xu Jinkun , Li Yao , Meng Yan , Wen Qi , Ye Qiwei , Wang Guopeng , Pan Kexin , Tao Lin , Qiao Jie , Hang Jing
Published: February 2025

Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) in human is the sole enzyme responsible for catalyzing the carboxylation of glutamate (Glu) to γ-carboxyglutamate (Gla), a process that relies on the deprotonation of reduced vitamin K. This post-translational modification of vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs) plays a pivotal role in numerous biological processes. Mutations in GGCX are responsible for multiple clinical phenotypes; however, the molecular mechanisms of GGCX activity and its pathology remain poorly understood. In this study, we reported the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of GGCX bound with the either FIX or FX, two VKDPs and vitamin K, and employed the biochemical and cellular assays as well as molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate its dual-catalytic properties. The enzyme comprises a transmembrane domain that anchors the vitamin K-binding site, along with an ER luminal domain that facilitates binding of coagulation factor IX (FIX) at the exosite. The catalytic center orchestrates the oxidation of vitamin K and the carboxylation of Glu residues through a Cap-H2 coupling mechanism, along where disease-associated mutations in GGCX are predominantly clustered. These findings offer a comprehensive molecular framework for understanding the allosteric regulation of GGCX’s dual enzymatic activities and provide valuable insights for developing strategies to monitor and therapeutically target vitamin K metabolism in related diseases.
Programmable viscoelastic hydrogels uncover mechano-sensing timescales and direct cell polarity
Authors: Hsiao Syuan-Ku , Mukenhirn Markus , Werner Carsten , Honigmann Alf , Krieg Elisha
Published: February 2025

Mechanical interactions between cells and their three-dimensional environment govern fundamental processes in tissue development and disease. Yet, how cells interrogate and respond to mechanical cues remains incompletely understood. Reproducing the mechanical properties of natural tissuesin vitrois a key challenge, as these tissues exhibit complex viscoelastic behaviors and undergo continuous remodeling throughout an organism’s development. Here, we leverage principles of dynamic DNA nanotechnology to introduce programmable mechanical cues into a synthetic hydrogel matrix that guides and interrogates the development of embedded cells. By systematically modulating matrix stress relaxation and stiffness, we uncovertwo distinct timescalesof mechano-sensitive processes controlling apical–basal polarity in Madin–Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells: the fast timescale (1–3 min) is linked to rapid integrin-mediated signaling, while the slower process (3–9 h) is associated with cytoskeletal reinforcements. Our analysis highlights that the commonly reported matrix “stiffness” value, often measured as the storage modulus at ∼1 Hz, has limited physiological relevance. These findings prompted us to develop a novelswitchable DNA crosslinkerthat enables dynamic changes in viscoelasticity during ongoing cell culture. This controlled matrix reconfiguration induces reversible cell polarity inversions and guides the morphogenesis of complex multicellular structures. The material platform therefore offers unprecedented control over the mechanical microenvironment, opening new avenues for advanced applications in biophysics, tissue engineering, and disease modeling.
The xenacoelomorph gonopore is homologous to the bilaterian anus
Authors: Andrikou Carmen , Pang Kevin , Børve Aina , Lu Tsai-Ming , Hejnol Andreas
Published: February 2025

The bilaterian through gut with an anal opening is a key invention in animals, since it facilitates effective food processing, which allows animals to grow to a larger body size. However, because non-bilaterian animals lack a through gut, the evolution of anus is still debated. The formation of bilaterian hindgut is governed by the spatial expression of several transcription factors (e.g. Caudal and Brachyury) under the control of Wnt signaling. This conserved pattern has been used to support the homology of the anus of protostomes (insects, snails) and deuterostomes (sea urchins, humans). Here we show, that these bilaterian “hindgut” marker genes are expressed around the male gonopore of several xenacoelomorphs, which have a blind gut without an anal opening. These findings suggest a deep evolutionary relationship between the xenacoelomorph male gonopore and the bilaterian anus. Since xenacoelomorphs are the potential sister group to all remaining Bilateria, our results suggest that the bilaterian anus evolved from a male gonopore that came in contact with the digestive endoderm to form the posterior opening.
Variation in the fitness impact of translationally optimal codons among animals
Authors: Bénitière Florian , Lefébure Tristan , Duret Laurent
Published: February 2025

Early studies in invertebrate model organisms (fruit flies, nematodes) showed that their synonymous codon usage is under selective pressure to optimize translation efficiency in highly expressed genes (a process called translational selection). In contrast, mammals show little evidence of selection for translationally optimal codons. To understand this difference, we examined the use of synonymous codons in 223 metazoan species, covering a wide range of animal clades. For each species, we predicted the set of optimal codons based on the pool of tRNA genes present in its genome, and we analyzed how the frequency of optimal codons correlates with gene expression to quantify the intensity of translational selection (S). We observed that few metazoans show clear signs of translational selection. As predicted by the nearly neutral theory, the highest values ofSare observed in species with large effective population sizes (Ne). Overall, however,Neappears to be a poor predictor of the intensity of translational selection, suggesting important differences in the fitness effect of synonymous codon usage across taxa. We propose that the few animal taxa that are clearly affected by translational selection correspond to organisms with strong constraints for a very rapid growth rate.
Emergent limit cycles, chaos, and bistability in driven-dissipative atomic arrays
Authors: Zhang Victoria , Ostermann Stefan , Rubies-Bigorda Oriol , Yelin Susanne F.
Published: February 2025

We analyze the driven-dissipative dynamics of subwavelength periodic atomic arrays in free space, where atoms interact via light-induced dipole-dipole interactions. We find that depending on the system parameters, the underlying mean-field model allows four different types of dynamics at late times: a single monostable steady state solution, bistability (where two stable steady state solutions exist), limit cycles and chaotic dynamics. We provide conditions on the parameters required to realize the different solutions in the thermodynamic limit. In this limit, only the monostable or bistable regime can be accessed for the parameter values accessible via light-induced dipole-dipole interactions. For finite size periodic arrays, however, we find that the mean-field dynamics of the many-body system also exhibit limit cycles and chaotic behavior. Notably, the emergence of chaotic dynamics does not rely on the randomness of an external control parameter but arises solely due to the interplay of coherent drive and dissipation.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Exploring consumer perceptions and purchasing behaviors towards organic food: an empirical investigation
Authors: Sarangi Sonalika , Moharana Rajesh , Gayathri J.S.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of various factors on consumer purchasing actions within the realm of organic food. Specifically, it aims to understand how hedonic value, trust, utilitarian value, purchasing experience and consumer intention affect purchasing behavior, with accessibility acting as a mediating factor.

Design/methodology/approach

The research employs a quantitative methodology, utilizing a meticulously crafted questionnaire for data collection. Descriptive analysis is conducted using the statistical package SPSS. For hypothesis validation, the study applies partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

The findings reveal that all independent factors (hedonic value, trust, utilitarian value, purchasing experience and consumer intention) significantly impact purchasing behavior either directly or indirectly through accessibility. Trust and consumer intention are identified as the most potent predictors of purchasing behavior, highlighting their crucial role in influencing consumer choices.

Originality/value

This study provides valuable insights for marketing professionals and policymakers aiming to encourage the consumption of organic food. It emphasizes the importance of improving accessibility and leveraging key determinants such as trust and consumer intention to shape consumer purchasing behavior. The comprehensive analysis of these factors offers a novel perspective on promoting organic food consumption.
Algorithmic computation of the bishop frame of the rational Bezier curves with augmented reality applications
Authors: Kuşak Samancı Hatice
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Bezier curves are widely used in computer-aided geometric design (CAGD) for modeling objects such as aircraft, cars and ships. Augmented reality applications are an important type of new-generation technology that is increasingly being used in simulations in education, military fields and gaming fields. Our study aims to provide a different approach with Augmented reality applications, one of the new generation technologies, by examining some geometric properties of Bezier curves, which have an important place in the design world. In our study, the Bishop frame, curvatures, derivative formulas and the Darboux vector of the Bishop frame have been computed by the algorithm method for the whole points of the rational Bezier curves. In the last part, some numerical examples and augmented reality applications have been given for the rational and polynomial Bezier curves in the GeoGebra program. Firstly, geometric computations related to rational Bezier curves were made in the GeoGebra program, and then drawing algorithms of rational Bezier curves were demonstrated with videos in the GeoGebra Ar program.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, the theoretical method used is the algorithmic computation of the Bishop frame of Rational Bezier curves. The design application involved creating some three-dimensional Bezier curve and their augmented reality application.

Findings

Using the algorithmic method, the Bishop frame of Rational Bezier curves was calculated, the curvatures of the curve's Bishop frame were determined and various properties were computed.

Originality/value

The originality of this study lies in the algorithmic computation of the Bishop frame of rational Bezier curves, which has not been previously addressed in the literature, as well as the calculation of certain properties related to the curvatures of the Bishop frame. Additionally, a boat design was created using Bezier curves, which are widely used in object design, and an augmented reality application was implemented. Another advantage of this study is that it is expected to help in the more effective use of Bezier curves in the gaming industry.
How much is too much inflation? Classifying inflationary regimes
Authors: de Mier Manuel , Delbianco Fernando
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Existing classifications of inflationary regimes often rely on subjective judgments, hindering objectivity and accuracy. This study proposes a novel, data-driven approach to address this limitation.

Design/methodology/approach

We combine unsupervised clustering and classification tree methods to analyze Argentine inflation data from 1943 to 2022. Two smoothing techniques are introduced: a measure of temporal contiguity and a rolling majority rule method. The resulting regimes are compared to existing classifications based on their explanatory power for inflation-relative price variability.

Findings

Our method identifies distinct inflationary regimes, demonstrating significant improvement in objectivity and accuracy compared to existing literature. The regimes capture key historical periods and exhibit a strong association with inflation-relative price variability, providing valuable insights into Argentine inflation dynamics.

Originality/value

This study offers a novel methodological framework for constructing objective and accurate inflationary regimes, free from subjective biases. This approach holds potential for application to other contexts and contributes to a more nuanced understanding of inflation dynamics.
The Gokhale Bridge 2.0: a tale of misalignment
Authors: Jain Richa
Published: February 2025

Learning outcomes

After completion of the case study, students will be able to enumerate the unique process of project management, address unforeseen challenges in large-scale projects and develop strategies for mitigating risks. This case gives an opportunity to learners to analyses the time impact of failure of such infrastructure projects using project evaluation technique. The students would be able to discuss the social and financial implications of such mishaps on the overall economy.

Case overview/synopsis

The case tells the story of Gokhale Bridge in Andheri, Mumbai which serves as a vital link between the densely populated suburb’s, eastern and western part. Originally built in 1975, the bridge collapsed in 2018. The 90-m bridge reconstructed in just 15 months was lauded as an “Engineering marvel” by Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC), a civic body responsible for Mumbai’s infrastructure. However, during the grand inauguration on February 26, 2024, a critical misalignment with the adjoining CD Barfiwala Flyover was revealed. This 2-m gap rendered the bridge inaccessible to motorists, undermining its intended purpose and frustrating commuters and residents. The case highlights systemic issues in operations and challenges faced by the BMC. Despite the BMC’s substantial budget and history in managing Mumbai’s infrastructure, the Gokhale Bridge debacle raises serious questions about project management. Amidst public criticism, BMC threw the buck on railways and hired two reputed Engineering colleges to propose solutions to rectify the menace. This situation emphasizes the need for meticulous oversight and risk analysis in civic projects, making the Gokhale Bridge a symbol of both ambition and caution. The case study is intended for Graduate, Postgraduate students in Project management and operations. It is also beneficial for Executive education programs intended government officials, civil servants and project managers.

Complexity academic level

Undergraduate, Postgraduate, Executive education.

Supplementary material

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 9: Operations and Logistics.
Impact of various nanoparticles on mechanical properties and wear resistance in IN625-AISI316 friction stir welded dissimilar joints
Authors: K. Sanu Kailordson , M. Felix Xavier Muthu
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The increasing demand for advanced materials in structural applications requires components that can withstand diverse load conditions while offering a combination of mechanical properties to improve overall performance. Dissimilar material joints, such as those between IN625 and AISI316, offer promising potential due to their unique properties. However, achieving reliable and high-performing joints between dissimilar materials remains a challenge, particularly in maintaining strength, wear resistance and hardness under varying conditions. The purpose of this study is to improve the performance of friction stir welded dissimilar joints between IN625 and AISI316 alloys using nanoparticles.

Design/methodology/approach

This study examines the mechanical properties of friction stir welded (FSW) dissimilar joints between IN625 and AISI316 alloys, with and without reinforcement by Al2O3 and TiO2 particles. The tensile strength, wear rate, coefficient of friction, microhardness and compressive strength of these joints were evaluated and compared to the base materials.

Findings

Results showed that the FSW process significantly improved the mechanical properties, with the particle-reinforced joints outperforming the non-reinforced ones. In particular, the IN625-AISI316/Al2O3 joint exhibited the highest tensile strength (690 MPa), lowest wear rate (1.92 × 10³ mm³/m) and the lowest friction coefficient (0.32). Microhardness testing revealed that the weld nugget (WN) region displayed the highest hardness (227 HV) due to grain refinement. The compressive strength of the IN625-AISI316/Al2O3 joint reached 1,583 MPa, the highest among all samples tested. These findings demonstrate the potential of using particle-reinforced FSW dissimilar joints for applications requiring superior mechanical performance, durability and wear resistance.

Originality/value

This study explores the enhanced mechanical and wear properties of FSW dissimilar joints between IN625 and AISI316 alloys, with and without Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticle reinforcements. Reinforced joints, particularly IN625-AISI316/Al2O3, showed superior tensile strength, wear resistance, hardness and compressive strength compared to non-reinforced ones. Grain refinement in the WN region contributed to increased hardness. These findings suggest that nanoparticle-reinforced FSW dissimilar joints can significantly improve durability and mechanical performance, making them ideal for demanding structural applications.
Channel selection and pricing optimization in multichannel e-tailing
Authors: Chen Lei , Cheng Lihong , Cheng Yuxing , Xu Xuesong
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This paper considers an e-tailer planning to distribute a product under one direct sales channel and multiple asymmetric agency platforms. Based on the multinomial logit (MNL) choice model, this study optimizes the pricing strategy and channel selection strategy to maximize the e-tailer’s profit.

Design/methodology/approach

A two-stage channel selection and pricing problem is formulated, where the profit-maximizing e-tailer first optimally selects a specified number of agency platforms from a set of alternatives to distribute the product and then determines the optimal prices in those channels.

Findings

An optimal pricing strategy is proposed to maximize the e-tailer’s total profit on multiple asymmetric channels. The results show that the e-tailer can obtain a higher profit by selling products on more asymmetric agency platforms. Moreover, an effective channel selection algorithm is provided to help the e-tailer optimally select the M agency platforms from N alternatives.

Originality/value

This study enriches the relevant research on multichannel selection and pricing by proposing an optimal pricing strategy and an effective channel selection algorithm. Evaluation results based on real-world industrial data show that the proposed optimal multichannel pricing strategy in this paper can significantly improve the profit of a real-world e-tailer compared to the e-tailer’s actual profit.
The influence of accounting practices on financial performance: Evidence from French farms
Authors: Enjolras Geoffroy , Madiès Philippe , Yue Hang
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This paper examines the influence of accounting practices on financial performance with an application to farms. In response to the yield, price and weather risks they face, farms have strong incentives to manipulate their earnings.

Design/methodology/approach

We measure earnings management and performance using data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN), which is representative of French professional farms over the period 2000–2022.

Findings

Our results show that, on average, regardless of year and specialisation, farms use two competing strategies to manage their earnings and deal with uncertainty. In the short run, timely reporting of bad news can help them to access public support. In the long run, farms also smooth their earnings, which is justified by the need to maintain their access to credit and to cope with climatic and economic shocks.

Research limitations/implications

Further research could provide more precise evidence of the impact of climatic, geopolitical or market events on farm accounting practices. In addition, the analysis could be extended to other industries that are also exposed to risks.

Practical implications

The results shed new light on the observed volatility in farm profitability and their ability to manage risk. Accounting practices play an important role in helping farmers to cope with risky production and volatile market conditions. While farmers may appear to be in a difficult situation due to reduced and low-quality earnings, we believe that they are in fact resilient in ensuring the sustainability of their operations and financing.

Originality/value

This work highlights the key role of earnings management in risk management. Farms are a relevant example of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) exposed to natural and economic risks.
Senior entrepreneurship in economically constrained contexts: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Mousa Mohamed , Arslan Ahmad , Pahlevan Sharif Saeed
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Drawing on psychological development and mixed embeddedness theories, the authors of the present paper seek to identify why some senior individuals in the Egyptian context actively engage in self-employment while others avoid it.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical sample comprised semi-structured interviews with 30 senior entrepreneurs who have pursued entrepreneurial activities for at least one year. Thematic analysis was subsequently used to determine the main ideas in the interview transcripts.

Findings

The authors identified the following three categories of motives: cultural (religious considerations, successful global and local role models, networking and social recognition), economic (minimal required business skills and capital, zero tax and no business registration, expectations of profits and guaranteed market and insufficient pension for life needs) and ageing and individual motivations (reviving their civilisational heritage, abundance of time and escaping from loneliness). We consider these as explaining why senior individuals engage in entrepreneurial activities. Moreover, the authors found that the health status of senior individuals, negative influence on pension and limited capital available are the main reasons why some seniors avoid self-employment.

Originality/value

This paper contributes by filling a gap in the literature on senior entrepreneurship, about which empirical studies, particularly in the context of North African economically uncertain countries, such as Egypt, have been limited so far.
Modeling cascading effects in collaborative systems: a formal risk interdependency framework
Authors: Li Jiayao , Benaben Frederick , Gou Juanqiong , Mu Wenxin
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This paper introduces a formal risk interdependency framework to model cascading effects in collaborative systems. By characterizing risk causal chains and propagation chains, the framework aims to provide decision-makers with a structured tool to systematically identify, analyze, and prevent cascading risks in interconnected networks.

Design/methodology/approach

The framework, named the danger-risk-consequence chain, defines core components – danger, stake, risk, condition, and consequence – alongside their causal and propagation relationships, which form the basis for risk characterization. The framework is applied through a use case in the construction supply chain to demonstrate its capacity to model cascading risks.

Findings

The framework uncovers risk propagation chains that lead to cascading effects and formalizes the state evolution of these effects within collaborative systems. Through the use case, it demonstrates practical value by enabling stakeholders to visualize interrelated risks, detect vulnerabilities early, and implement targeted mitigation measures to enhance resilience against cascading disruptions.

Originality/value

This study presents a novel approach to modeling cascading effects by integrating risk causality and propagation into a formalized framework. In contrast to previous research, which offers static risk definitions for risk characterization, this framework contributes to risk management theory by providing a structured method for understanding and modeling interdependencies.
Does CEO compensation affect earnings management in France? The mediating effect of corporate social responsibility
Authors: Dakhli Anissa , Houcine Asma
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the direct and indirect relationship between CEO compensation and earnings management using corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a mediating variable.

Design/methodology/approach

This study examines 159 French firms listed on the SBF 250 index, encompassing 1,908 firm-year observations from 2011 to 2022, to investigate the relationship between CEO compensation, CSR and earnings management. We used discretionary accruals as the earnings management measure, under the Kothariet al. model (2005). The direct and indirect effects between CEO compensation and earnings management were tested using structural equation model analysis.

Findings

The results reveal that CEO compensation positively influences earnings management. Higher CEO compensation is associated with a greater likelihood of engaging in earnings management practices. CSR was found to partially mediate the relationship between CEO compensation and corporate earnings management. Further analysis indicates that the social and environmental dimensions of CSR contribute significantly to this mediating effect.

Research limitations/implications

The study’s focus on the French institutional context may limit the generalizability of the findings to other regions. In addition, the relatively small sample size, given the limited number of publicly listed firms in France, suggests that extending the study to include other European countries could enhance the robustness of the results.

Practical implications

The findings have practical implications for companies, policymakers and regulators seeking to curb opportunistic managerial behavior. Regulators can develop policies that promote transparency and ethical financial reporting, leveraging CSR as a governance tool to curb earnings manipulation.

Social implications

This study highlights the ethical concerns of excessive CEO compensation, which may incentivize earnings management and undermine financial transparency. It emphasizes the need for strong CSR practices, particularly in the social and environmental dimensions, to mitigate these issues and align corporate behavior with societal and sustainability goals.

Originality/value

The originality of this paper lies in its exploration of both direct and indirect relationships between CEO compensation and earnings management, with CSR acting as a mediating variable. Unlike previous studies that have primarily focused on the direct link between CEO compensation and earnings management, this research investigates the potential mediating role of CSR in this relationship. In addition, this study distinguishes itself by examining the impact of the structure of CEO compensation on earnings management. While the existing literature has concentrated on total CEO compensation, the effects of its individual components such as fixed and variable compensation remain underexplored.
Unraveling exogenous shocks, financial stress and US economic performance
Authors: Wang Yi-Chia , Su Hong-Lin
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the dynamics between exogenous shocks, financial stress and economic performance in the USA from January 1995 to August 2023.

Design/methodology/approach

Granger-causality tests and impulse response analyses are used to examine causal relationships and dynamic responses among crude oil prices, real M2 money supply, financial stress and key economic indicators.

Findings

This study reveals a significant correlation between elevated financial stress and reduced real output, along with disruptions in the labor market, potentially leading to economic recessionary trends. Failure to address these challenges could perpetuate labor market difficulties, weaken capital accumulation within the loanable funds market and ultimately hinder long-term economic growth prospects in the USA.

Practical implications

This study offers insights for policymakers to mitigate financial stress. Recommendations include enhancing financial surveillance, strengthening regulatory frameworks, promoting economic diversification and implementing countercyclical policies to stabilize the economy and support labor markets. In addition, proactive monitoring of financial stress indicators can serve as early warning signals, aiding in timely interventions and effective risk management strategies.

Originality/value

This research provides a comprehensive analysis of how the financial stress index (FSI) mediates the effects of external shocks on the US economy, addressing a gap in existing literature. The integration of the FSI into the analysis enhances the understanding of the transmission channels through which external shocks influence the economy.
Buccal Fat Pad Flap and Buccal Advancement Flap for Closure of Oroantral Fistula: A Systematic Review and a Case Report
Authors: Pizzolante Tommaso , Rasicci Paolo , Saggiomo Anna Pia , Principi Martina , Capogreco Mario , Mummolo Stefano
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the success rates of two surgical techniques used for the closure of the oroantral fistula.
Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies were identified from electronic databases (PubMed, LILACS, Semantic Scholar, Cochrane Library, Rutgers University Library, and Europe PMC) from 1959 to 2021. The inclusion criteria were recent studies in English, studies involving human subjects, and studies comparing the buccal fat pad (BFP) and buccal advancement flap (BAF) techniques.
A total of 1455 records were initially identified. After screening, only 4 studies were included in the final analysis: 1 retrospective study and 3 comparative studies.
Results: The pooled relative risk (RR) indicated a significant difference, with the Buccal Advancement Flap showing a slightly lower probability of success compared to the Buccal Fat Pad Flap for oroantral fistula closure (RR 0.914, 95% CI: 0.836 - 0.998). No heterogeneity was detected among the included studies (I² = 0.0%, P = 0.452).
Conclusion: Both techniques are safe and simple and demonstrate high success rates. The BFP technique is particularly advantageous for closing oroantral fistulas larger than 5 mm when preserving the depth of the vestibular sulcus is required or in cases where the BAF technique has failed.