bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reversible conversions between skyrmions and skyrmioniums
Authors: Yang Sheng , Zhao Yuelei , Wu Kai , Chu Zhiqin , Xu Xiao-Hong , Li Xiaoguang , Åkerman Johan , Zhou Yan
Published: October 2022

Skyrmions and skyrmioniums are both topological non-trivial spin textures in chiral magnetic systems. The dynamics of these particle-like excitations can be distinguished according to their spin structures, and the controlled conversion between them is the key to the diversified functionalities of spintronic devices. In this study, the dynamics and evolution of chiral spin textures are investigated in [Pt/Co]3/Ru/[Co/Pt]3 multilayers with ferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling. Reversible conversions between skyrmions and skyrmioniums can be realized by precisely controlling the domain wall through an applied magnetic field or electric current. Mediated by a multi-Q (winding number or topological number) cluster, skyrmions can be converted to skyrmioniums through two basic mechanisms. One way is to expand skyrmions by using sinusoidal pulses to form net domains, then to delete the stripe domains of the net domain to create the skyrmionium (reduce Q to zero). The second way is to drive multi-Q clusters to move and collapse into skyrmioniums with square pulses. The skyrmion Hall effect of skyrmioniums has been suppressed to zero, which supports that the winding number of skyrmioniums indeed is reduced to zero. We have also directly observed the topological conversion of a skyrmionium into skyrmion, characterized by the abrupt emergence of the skyrmion Hall effect. The establishment of reversible conversions between different magnetic topological spin textures is an important development, which should speed the advent of the next generation of spintronic device.
Predictors of under-weight among children less than 24 months in Nimule Border Town, Eastern Equatoria State, South Sudan
Authors: Eriga Francis , Gulom Godfrey , Alege John Bosco
Published: October 2022

Background: Underweight is a public health problem globally, and more severe in South Sudan with wide regional differences. In Nimule border town, which represents other border towns in South Sudan, data on underweight among children below two years is unavailable. Thus, this study set out to assess determinants of underweight among children less than 24 months in Nimule boarder town, Pageri County, Eastern Equatoria State, South Sudan.
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Nimule boarder town targeting 390 children below two years. Systematic sampling and simple random sampling methods were used. Data were collected through a researcher-administered questionnaire with both open and closed ended questions. Data was entered in EpiData and then exported into Statistical Package for Social Sciences research (SPSS) version 20 for analysis. Descriptive data analysis was conducted and data were summarized into frequencies and percentages, means with standard deviations, and medians with interquartile ranges. Bivariate analysis was conducted with the Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests for categorical independent variables, and the student’s t-test for numerical variables. Finally, multivariate analysis was done via logistic regression analysis and results were stated as odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). The level of statistical significance was set at 5%.
Results: Out of 390 participants, 112 (28.7%) were under weight. The study showed primary (aOR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.12-1.18; P=0.095) and secondary (aOR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.12-1.17; P=0.091 levels of education were associated with underweight but not tertiary level of education (aOR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.21-2.74; p = 0.671). Household income of 5000 to 10,000 (aOR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.10-0.68; P =0.006) and above 10,000 (aOR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.04-0.28; P<0.001) South Sudanese pounds, supplementary feeding before 6 months (aOR; 0.01; 95% CI, 0.02-0.05; P<0.001) were associated with underweight and irregular hand washing (aOR; 2.17; 95% CI, 1.14-4.11; P=0.018) was associated with increased odds of underweight.
Conclusions: This study established a high prevalence of underweight. Maternal levels of education particularly primary, secondary, higher household incomes in excess of 5,000 South Sudanese pounds were protective against underweight. While irregular hand washing was a risk factor for underweight.
A randomized controlled trial of a preventive intervention for the children of parents with depression: mid-term effects, mediators and moderators
Authors: Löchner Johanna , Platt Belinda , Starman-Wöhrle Kornelija , Takano Keisuke , Engelmann Lina , Voggt Alessandra , Loy Fabian , Bley Mirjam , Winogradow Dana , Hämmerle Stephanie , Neumeier Esther , Wermuth Inga , Schmitt Katharina , Oort Frans , Schulte-Körne Gerd
Published: October 2022

Background
In a parallel randomized controlled trial the effectiveness of the family- and group-based cognitive-behavioural “Gug-Auf” intervention in preventing depression in children of depressed parents was evaluated. We hypothesized that the intervention would be associated with reduced incidence of depression at 15 months as well as with reduced symptom severity at 6, 12, and 15 months. We also made predictions about the role of a number of mediators and moderators.
Methods
Families were included if a parent (n = 100, mean age = 46.06, 61% female) had experienced depression and children (n = 135, aged 8–17 years, 53% female) without a mental illness. Families (91.5% German) were randomly allocated (50:50 block-wise; stratified by child age and parental depression) to the 12-session “GuG-Auf” intervention or no intervention. Outcomes were assessed (on an intention-to-treat basis) at 0-(T1), 6-(T2), 12-(T3) and 15-months(T4) after baseline. Primary outcome (onset of depression; T4) was assessed with standardized (blinded) clinical interviews. Secondary (unblinded) outcome was risk of depression (at T2-T4) indicated by internalizing, externalizing and symptoms of depression. Potential mediators were emotion regulation, attributional style, knowledge of depression and parenting style. Potential moderators were parental depression severity and negative life events. Analyses were conducted on an intention-to-treat basis.
Results
None of the children who received the intervention developed depression, whereas two of those in the control group did. The intervention significantly reduced internalizing symptoms at T3 (p = .027, d = -0.45) and T4 (p = .035, d=-0.44). Both groups showed reduced depressive symptoms (p = .029, d = -0.44). Cognitive problem-solving and negative parenting emerged as mediators. No adverse events were observed.
Conclusions
GuG-Auf is effective in reducing children’s risk of depression. Despite some limitations in the generalizability, these findings contribute substantially to reducing the burden of youth depression.
Registration:
The trial was registered on 16/04/2014 at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02115880) and study protocol published in BMC Psychiatry (https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-014-0263-2).
A Rare Anatomical Variation of Iliac Artery in ApoE-/- Mice
Authors: ZHANG Xi , TAO Wan-lu , Liu Jinxin
Published: October 2022

Aim
The study aimed to report a case of anatomical variation in the mouse iliac artery.
Methods
Totally 35 aortas of male ApoE−/− mice were dissected, including the aortic tree and their distal branches.
Results
Among the 35 arteries, 1 of them showed prominent anatomic variants unexpectedly. The terminal abdominal aorta descended as a trunk and finally extended into the left external iliac artery after divided out several main branches, instead of divided into the left and right iliac arteries communis as reported in previous studies.
Conclusion
The present study identified a rare case of iliac artery anatomical variation in ApoE- / -mice. Mice as vertebrate mammals highly close to human anatomy, the finding might help in the pre-intervention for catheter surgery in human patients and interpreting angiography of the pelvic region by radiologists.
Prevalence of prediabetes and associated factors among community members in Rural Isingiro district
Authors: Ampeire Isaac Petit , Kawugezi Peter Chris , Mulogo Edgar Mugema
Published: October 2022

Background
In rural Uganda many people are either pre-diabetic or diabetic, however they do not know that these conditions afflict them. The burden of pre-diabetes in rural Isingiro had not previously been determined. The study examined the prevalence of pre-diabetes and associated factors.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey that enrolled 370 participants aged between 18 and 70 years was conducted in the Kabuyanda sub-county, rural Isingiro district in March 2021. Multistage sampling and systematic random sampling was conducted to select eligible households and data was collected using a pretested WHO STEP-wise protocol questionnaire. The primary outcome was Prediabetes (FBG=6.1mmol/l to 6.9mmol/l), calculated as a proportion. Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression models were performed for data analysis using STATA.
Results;The prevalence of Prediabetes was 9.19% (95% CI 6.23-12.14). Factors independently associated with pre-diabetes were; advancing age [AOR=5.771 95% CI=1.031-32.306, P=0.046], moderate-intensity work [AOR=2.637 95%CI=1.233-5.636, P=0.012], high level of consumption of diet categorized as protective [AOR=5.657 95%CI=1.679-19.054, P=0.005] and body mass index [AOR=3.608 95% CI=1.414-9.206, P=0.007] were significantly associated with Prediabetes.
Conclusion; Prediabetes is prevalent among adult community members in rural Isingiro, southwestern Uganda. Age and lifestyle factors predict Prediabetes in this rural population, suggesting a need for targeted health promotion interventions.
The Pursuit of Low Carbon Concrete with Partial Cement Replacement: A Review of Merits and Demerits.
Authors: Yousafzai Mehran Ahmad , Khan Amir Hamza
Published: October 2022

Climate change has become one of the biggest concerns for scientists and engineers during this anthropocentric era. One of the major causes of these alterations in climate are the greenhouse gases (GHGs) and among them, carbon dioxide is on the lead. In the human sources of CO2 emissions, construction is one of the principal sources, which is a carbon-intensive sector mainly because of the use of concrete and is growing globally at a rapid rate. The main material used for construction purposes is concrete, the third most used substance in the world after air and water. Billions of tons of natural materials are mixed and processed to make concrete, leaving a substantial mark on the environment. Concrete is attractive in resilience and durability because of the special properties of cement. The production of cement is accounted for 5% of the manmade emissions on a global level, releasing 600-700 kg of CO2 per each ton of cement. There is a dire need to make the concrete sustainable. Since the last few decades, researchers have been striving to find a solution for lessening the environmental impacts of concrete and cement. Different paths have been developed to address and mitigate these issues. There is no single way to achieve a sustainable concrete instead each and every possible measure must be explored and taken, if found feasible. Cement replacement with some other low carbon material has been the focus of research for the last two decades. While a long journey is yet to be covered, it is necessary to review and analyze where the research stands and how much progress has been made. The current study is intended to answer these questions by giving a review of the available literature. Moreover, as any variation in the composition of concrete will definitely change its engineering properties, one of the objectives of the study is to look at the merits and demerits of all the alternatives examined for low carbon concrete. Finally, the study will make an attempt to identify research gaps in the subject of low carbon concrete.
Decentralization of viral load testing to improve HIV care and treatment cascade in rural Tanzania: Data from the Kilombero and Ulanga Antiretroviral Cohort
Authors: Mnzava Dorcas , Okuma James , Ndege Robert , Kimera Namvua , Ntamatungiro Alex , Nyuri Amina , Byakuzana Theonestina , Abilahi Faraji , Mayeka Paul , Temba Emmy , Fanuel Teddy , Glass Tracy Renée , Klimkait Thomas , Vanobberghen Fiona , Weisser Maja
Published: October 2022

Introduction:
Monitoring HIV viral load (VL) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended by the World Health Organization. Implementation of VL testing programs have been affected by logistic and organizational challenges. Here we describe the VL monitoring cascade in a rural setting in Tanzania and compare turnaround times (TAT) between an on-site and a referral laboratory.
Methods
In a nested study of the prospective Kilombero and Ulanga Antiretroviral Cohort (KIULARCO) we included PLHIV aged ≥ 15 years, on ART for ≥ 6 months after implementation of routine VL monitoring in 2017. We assessed proportions of PLHIV with a blood sample taken for VL, whose results came back, and who were virally suppressed (VL < 1000 copies/mL) or unsuppressed (VL ≥ 1000 copies/mL). We described the proportion of PLHIV with unsuppressed VL and adequate measures taken as per national guidelines and outcomes among those with low-level viremia (LLV; 100–999 copies/mL). We compare TAT between on-site and referral laboratories by Wilcoxon rank sum tests.
Results
From 2017 to 2020, among 4,454 PLHIV, 4,238 (95%) had a blood sample taken and 4,177 99 %) of those had a result. Of those, 3,683 (88%) were virally suppressed. In the 494 (12%) unsuppressed PLHIV, 425 (86%) had a follow-up VL (102 (24%) within 4 months and 158 (37%) had virologic failure. Of these, 103 (65%) were already on second-line ART and 32/55 (58%) switched from first- to second-line ART after a median of 7.7 months (IQR 4.7–12.7). In the 371 (9%) PLHIV with LLV, 327 (88%) had a follow-up VL. Of these, 267 (82%) resuppressed to < 100 copies/ml, 41 (13%) had persistent LLV and 19 (6%) had unsuppressed VL. The median TAT for return of VL results was 21 days (IQR 13–39) at the on-site versus 59 days (IQR 27–99) at the referral laboratory (p < 0.001) with PLHIV receiving the VL results after a median of 91 days (IQR 36–94; similar for both laboratories).
Conclusion
Robust VL monitoring is achievable in remote resource-limited settings. More focus is needed on care models for PLHIV with high viral loads to timely address results from routine VL monitoring.
Contour Error Dynamic Analysis and Predictive Control for Multi-axis Motion System
Authors: Jiang Jiali , Li Bingran , Dong Qingyu , Zhang Hui , Ye Peiqing , Jiang Shengxin
Published: October 2022

Contour tracking accuracy is the key performance index of multi-axis motion control system. In the previous design of contour error feedback controller, the independent design idea of tracking controller and contour controller of each logic axis is often adopted, which is not easy to realize the optimal control of tracking accuracy and contour accuracy. The coupling increment of each controller is inevitable in motion control compensation, which has an impact on the stability of the control system. Therefore, a predictive control method for contour error is proposed. At first, through the state space model of feed system, the system dynamics are judged to predict the contour accuracy in the future finite time domain. Besides, the linear quadratic performance index function of contour error is established, and the performance of the control objective is continuously optimized during the limited time domain with the form of rolling optimization. A closed-loop solution is obtained which is most suitable for the current motion situation and could add to the system, so as to realize the optimal control considering the trajectory contour and the tracking stability of each servo axis in the next few sampling cycles. Finally, by the means of comparative experiments on the three-axis motion control platform, it is verified that the proposed contour predictive control strategy not only effectively reduces the tracking error, but also significantly improves the contour accuracy, which is suitable for application in complex industrial environment.
Treatment decision-making among patients with metastatic prostate cancer: Impact of decision locus of control on functional outcomes and decision satisfaction
Authors: Morgans Alicia , Schumacher Frank , Helenowski Irene , Sun Zequn , Oswald Laura , Gonzalez Brian , Moses Kelvin , Benning James
Published: October 2022

Background
Shared decision-making (SDM) for metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) engages patients in the decision-making process and may be associated with better outcomes relative to physician- or patient-directed decision-making. We assessed the association between decision locus of control (DLOC) and patient-reported quality of life (QOL), functional outcomes, and decision satisfaction among mPC patients.
Methods
After a clinic visit in which a treatment decision was made (baseline), mPC patients completed DLOC and QOL surveys. QOL was re-assessed at 2- and 4-months post-baseline. Mean scores for each QOL dimension (physical, emotional, cognitive, social, and role functioning) were compared by DLOC group using mixed effects models. Patient preferences for DLOC and provider communication techniques were similarly collected via survey.
Results
Median age of participants (N = 101) was 69 years (range: 49–92); most were White (80%) and married (82%). 62% reported using SDM. At baseline, there were no differences in QOL dimensions between DLOC groups. At 4 months, patient-directed (p = 0.01) and SDM (p = 0.03) were associated with better physical functioning than physician-directed decision-making, and there was a trend toward greater decision satisfaction among patients who reported patient-directed (p = 0.06) or SDM (p = 0.10). SDM was the most reported preferred DLOC.
Conclusion
mPC patients reporting SDM had better physical functioning and a trend toward greater decision satisfaction at 4 months than physician- or patient-directed decision-making, suggesting measurable benefit from patient involvement in decision-making. Future investigations of these associations in larger, more diverse populations can further clarify these previously unmeasured benefits of patient engagement in treatment decisions.
AFM methods for studying the morphology and micromechanical properties of the membrane of human buccal epithelium cell
Authors: Torkhov Nikolay A. , Buchelnikova Victoria A. , Ivonin Ivan V. , Mosunov Andrey
Published: October 2022

We studied morphology, structure and micromechanical properties of the membrane of living human buccal epithelium cells in the presence of protective adsorption layer of ca. 100 nm on their surface by means of atomic force microscopy in contact and semicontact scanning modes in a broad range of force affections (0-40 µN). Local mapping of micromechanical surface properties was carried out. The values of elasticity (Young's modulus E=E(x,y)), elastic Dhdfrm=Dhdfrm(x,y) and plastic Dhstif=Dhstif (x,y) deformations were obtained.
Reconstructing the evolutionary history of a B cell lineage with minimum spanning tree and genotype abundances
Authors: Abdollahi Nika , Jeusset Lucile , de Septenville Anne , Davi Fréderic , Bernardes Juliana Silva
Published: October 2022

B cell receptor (BCR) genes exposed to an antigen undergo somatic hypermutations and Darwinian antigen selection, generating a large BCR-antibody diversity. This process, known as B cell affinity maturation, increases antibody affinity, forming a specific B cell lineage that includes the unmutated ancestor and mutated variants. In a B cell lineage, cells with a higher antigen affinity will undergo clonal expansion, while those with a lower affinity will not proliferate and probably be eliminated. Therefore, cellular (genotype) abundance provides a valuable perspective on the ongoing evolutionary process. Phylogenetic tree inference is often used to reconstruct B cell lineage trees and represents the evolutionary dynamic of BCR affinity maturation. However, such methods should process B cell population data derived from experimental sampling that might contain different cellular abundances. There are a few phylogenetic methods for reconstructing the evolutionary history of B cell lineages; best-performing solutions are time-demanding and restricted to analyzing a reduced number of BCR IGH sequences, while time-efficient methods do not consider cellular abundances. We propose ClonalTree, a low-complexity and accurate approach to reconstruct B cell lineage trees that incorporates genotype abundances into minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithms. Using both simulated and experimental data, we demonstrated that ClonalTree outperforms MST-based algorithms and achieves a similar performance compared to a method that explores tree generating space exhaustively. However, ClonalTree has a lower running time, being more convenient for reconstructing phylogenetic lineage trees from high-throughput BCR sequencing data, mainly in biomedical applications, where a lower computational time is appreciable. It is hundreds to thousands of times faster than exhaustive approaches, enabling the analysis of a large set of sequences within minutes or seconds and without loss of accuracy. The source code is freely available at github.com/julibinho/ClonalTree.
MicroRNA-146b-5p suppresses pro-inflammatory mediator synthesis via targeting of TRAF6, IRAK1, and RELA in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human dental pulp cells
Authors: Han Peifeng , Sunada-Nara Keisuke , Kawashima Nobuyuki , Fujii Mayuko , Wang Shihan , Kieu Thoai Quoc , Yu Ziniu , Okiji Takashi
Published: October 2022

MicroRNA-146b-5p (miR-146b-5p) is reported to be up-regulated during and to control the inflammation process, although its mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study examined the anti-inflammation effects of miR-146b-5p in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). An increase in hsa-miR-146b-5p expression following the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed in LPS-stimulated hDPCs. The expression of hsa-miR-146b-5p and pro-inflammatory cytokines was down-regulated by a nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor, and expression of hsa-miR-146b-5p was also decreased by a JAK1/2 inhibitor. Enforced expression of hsa-miR-146b-5p abolished phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB signaling components, such as interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), and REL-associated protein involved in NF-κB (RELA). Expression of rno-miR-146b-5p and pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA was also up-regulated in experimentally-induced rat pulpal inflammation in vivo, and rno-miR-146b-5p blocked the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and NF-κB signaling components in LPS-stimulated ex vivo cultured rat incisor pulp tissues. These findings suggest that the synthesis of miR-146b-5p is controlled via an IL6/STAT3 signaling cascade, and in turn, miR-146b-5p down-regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators by targeting TRAF6, IRAK1, and RELA in LPS-stimulated hDPCs.
A compact convex subset without relativeinterior
Authors: YU LU
Published: October 2022

We give an explicit example of a compact convex subset without relative interior, which shows that a recent proof of Schauder’s conjecture relies on incorrect lines of reasoning.
Rural Research Capacity – a Co-Created Model for Research Success
Authors: Farris Paige , Crist Rachel , Miller Sylvia , shannon Jackilen
Published: October 2022

Purpose. The National Institutes of Health have long challenged academia to improve clinical trial enrollment, especially in underrepresented populations; inclusive of geography, age, disability status, racial and ethnic minorities. It has been shown that rural and urban residents enrolled in clinical trials have similar outcomes, yet, rural healthcare systems struggle to provide opportunities to participate in clinical trials when infrastructure is limited or unsupportive of research programs and/or research staffing levels are insufficient. To fully address the barriers to clinical trial access in rural areas, it is not adequate to simply open more trials. Community receptivity of research as well as organizational and community capacity must be considered.
Methods. Herein we present the co-creation and implementation of a community-oriented approach to the receipt, review, and acceptance of clinical research in a rural community setting. We used an adapted 5 step Implementation Mapping approach to develop a systematic strategy intended to increase the success, and therefore, the number of clinical trials in a rural community.
Results. The review strategy, inclusive of a Regional Cultural Landscape and 3 co-created project submission and feasibility review forms, was pilot tested using a cancer early detection clinical trial that requires engagement from primary care and oncology and was shown to support strong researcher-community stakeholder communication, resulting in early identification and resolution of potential barriers and timely trial opening.
Conclusion. We propose that this approach may be replicated broadly as a key component of increasing clinical trial opportunities in rural and frontier settings.
Dynamic velocity planning method for parametric toolpath with mode-based tracking error control
Authors: Xiao Jianxin , Fang Jun , Li Bingran , Zhang Hui
Published: October 2022

This paper presents a dynamic velocity planning method for tracking error prediction and control based on a theoretical model of a servo control system. A balance between machining efficiency and machining accuracy is achieved by the proposed approach compared with the traditional method of reducing kinematic constraints and sacrificing machining efficiency to improve machining accuracy. Firstly, this study introduces a time-optimised algorithm based on velocity, acceleration and jerk and uses the pseudo-jump method to linearise nonlinear problems. Secondly, based on the three-loop model of PID servo control system commonly used in industry, a new tracking error prediction method based on kinematic parameters is proposed. A new feed rate planning control algorithm based on dynamic characteristics is proposed to realise the control of tracking error, considering the dynamic performance of the axis and based on the prediction results. Furthermore, because the speed control algorithm based on dynamic characteristics is not a linear constraint, this study proposes a method combining convex relaxation and pseudo jerk to linearise the nonlinear problem, effectively obtaining a near-optimal feed rate profile. Finally, on the basis of these research contributions, the experiments are compared with the traditional kinematics method. Results show that the new method has less tracking error and higher processing efficiency.
Terraced deposits linked to periodic collapse of caldera-forming eruption columns
Authors: Gilchrist Johan , Jellinek A Mark , Hooft Emilie , Wanket Sean
Published: October 2022

Catastrophic caldera-forming (CCF) eruptions are the most impressive of volcanic phenomena in the geological record. Regionally, ash fall, pyroclastic density currents (PDCs), and tsunamis during such events can devastate civilizations and have powerful effects on climate [1-4]. However, relationships between the size of CCF eruptions and the magnitudes as well as types of their associated hazards are equivocal and intensely debated [4-11]. The character and intensity of hazards predominantly depend on how much erupted ash and entrained gases are delivered to the atmosphere and to the ground [12]. Here, we use scaled analog experiments and spectral analyses of well-preserved periodic terracing observed at the Sumisu and Santorini CCF eruption deposits to argue there are key quantitative clues to the dynamics governing CCF eruptions and their hazards in the terraced architectures of submarine CCF eruption deposits. We show that submarine eruptions in a `total collapse' (TC) regime deliver material to the water surface and seabed in periodic annular "sedimentation waves" (SW). Depending on the period between successive SWs, which increases with eruption intensity, their impact and spread at the sea surface and seabed can excite tsunamis, drive radial PDCs, and deliver material to form concentric backward-facing terraces with a wavelength that decreases with distance, or deposits that thin monotonically. In particular, SWs descending from powerful "deep water" eruption columns with heights comparable to the water depth, involves minimal interactions with the water surface and produce a deposit architecture similar to that observed at Sumisu caldera. SWs from similarly strong "shallow water" eruptions with tall subaerial columns, however, are strongly modi ed by the dynamics of their impact and spread at the water surface. Where these SWs overshoot and impact the seabed, intensive scouring and deposition produce relatively broad concave terraces consistent with observations from Santorini and Macauley calderas. Our results enable a novel explicit classification of submarine CCF eruption dynamics and eruption rates from the architectures of their terraced deposits and will inform studies of past and future hazards of CCF events and ongoing and future ocean drilling expeditions [13, 14].
Abnormal variations of the key genes in osteoporotic fractures
Authors: Wang Bin , Pan Lei
Published: October 2022

Objective
The classical osteoporotic signaling pathways include the four key genes (LRP5, Runx2, Osterix, and RANKL) influencing the regulation of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. This study investigates the expression of these four genes associated with bone remodelling during fracture healing.
Methods
Ovariectomised rats as an osteoporotic group were randomly divided into three groups-group A, group B, and group C. Non-osteoporotic rats as control group were likewise divided into three groups-A0, B0 and C0, using the same method. The rats were killed on the third day of fractures in groups A and A0, on the seventh day of fractures in groups B and B0, and on the fourteenth day of fractures in groups C and C0. The bone specimens were taken from the femoral fracture site, and expression level of each gene in the bone specimens was detected using RT-qPCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.
Results
LRP5, Runx2, and Osterix expressions were decreased in osteoporotic rat fractures and then increased over time. The expression of RANKL was elevated in osteoporotic rat bone specimens, which decreased after that.
Conclusion
The expressions of the four genes varied with time after fracture, which could be associated with the various stages of bone repair. The four genes can inform practice in ideal interventions in the prevention and management of osteoporosis.
Longitudinal study of calf morbidity and mortality and the associated risk factors on urban and peri-urban dairy farms in southern Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Rahmeto , Dema Temesgen , Libiyos Yohanis , Teherku Woinshet , Regassa Alemayehu , Fekadu Amene , Sheferaw Desie
Published: October 2022

Background
Calf morbidity and mortality are among the main causes of economic losses in dairy farms around the world. Poor calf management practices make the problem worse in developing nations like Ethiopia. This prospective longitudinal study was carried out in 70 dairy farms selected from southern Ethiopia with the aim of estimating the morbidity and mortality rates in calves and identifying the associated risk factors. To this end, a total of 274 calves were followed up every two weeks for major clinical health problems and deaths from birth to six months of age.
Results
The study revealed a morbidity rate of 12.7 cases and a mortality rate of 3.7 cases per 100 calf-months at risk in the study calves. The cumulative incidence of morbidity and mortality was also found to be 39.8% and 13.5%, respectively. Diarrhea was the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in calves, accounting for 71.3% and 62.1% of all morbidity and mortality, respectively. In a multivariable Cox regression analysis, the risk of morbidity was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in calves older than three months (HR = 0.22), female calves (HR = 0.57), calves raised by farmers who had completed secondary school (HR = 0.26) or college education (HR = 0.30), but it was significantly greater in calves born from dams affected with dystocia (HR = 2.4) and on farms where dairy farming is the farmers’ secondary source of income (HR = 1.7). Similarly, calves aged over three months (HR = 0.14), calves separated from their dams only after ingestion of colostrum (HR = 0.40) and owned by farmers who completed secondary school (HR = 0.08) or college education (HR = 0.13) all had lower mortality rates than other groups. Calves born to cows with dystocia were 5.2 times more likely to die.
Conclusion
The study concluded that calf morbidity and mortality rates in the study area are higher than economically tolerable levels and therefore it is recommended to raise awareness among farmers to improve calf management practices.
CT Tractography as a last option for penetrating abdominal wall injuries with equivocal contrast CT findings: A proposed diagnostic approach
Authors: Ewedah Moataz Mohamed , Bassiony Mahmoud , Asal Mohamed
Published: October 2022

Background
CT tractography is a potential approach in which a CT is conducted after an entire stab wound tract is filled with a water-soluble contrast agent in patients with abdominal stab wounds. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of using CT tractography as an option in the management of penetrating abdominal trauma. Does CT Tractography function as a useful technique for assessing patients with Anterior Abdominal Stab Wounds (AASW)?
Patients and Methods
The study included 82 patients admitted to the trauma center at Alexandria Main University Hospital in Egypt who had penetrating anterior abdominal wall injuries, were in stable condition, and had a contrast CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis that was inconclusive about peritoneal penetration.
Results
A total of 57 patients underwent exploration after showing positive findings of contrast leak into the peritoneal cavity. 25 patients with CT Tractography results that demonstrated no leak into the peritoneal cavity were treated conservatively without the necessity for surgical intervention.
Conclusion
In the study, CT tractography correctly identified 100% of the patients who needed laparotomies, and none of the patients without peritoneal penetration required surgical intervention during follow-up. The examination of patients with AASW can be done efficiently by CT tractography.
Paclitaxel-loaded hybrid exosome for targeted chemotherapy of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Liu Jihua , Tang Yucheng , Li Yongjiang , Hu Xiongbin , Huang Si , Xu Wenjie , Hao Xinyan , Zhou Min , Wu Junyong , Xiang Daxiong
Published: October 2022

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly invasive malignant tumor with bleak prognosis.Paclitaxel (PTX) is the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for TNBC management. It is of great significance to develop carriers for targeted delivery of PTX to enhance the anti-tumor efficacy and reduce the side effects for TNBC management. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles and emerging competent nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery. However, the application of exosomes has been challenged by the production, drug loading and quality control. The introduction of synthetic nanomaterials may help to overcome the limitations of exosomes and generate alternatives. Herein, we performed a biohybrid approach to fuse exosomeswith liposomes to produce hybrid exosome (HE) with improved PTX loading capacity and enhanced tumor-targeting ability for TNBC chemotherapy.
Methods:HE and PTX-loaded HE (PTX-HE) were prepared by co-extrusion of exosomes with liposome (lipo) or PTX-loaded liposome (PTX-lipo) respectively. The size distribution of HE was measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and dynamic laser-light scattering (DLS). The morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The protein profile of HE was determined by western blot and Coomassie Blue staining. Drug loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cellular uptake, tumor cell killing effect and anti-migration ability of PTX-HE were evaluated in vitro. Biodistribution, anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy and safety of PTX-HE were evaluated in orthotopic TNBC mice models.
Results:The characterization results manifested HE was spherical structure with uniform size distribution (157.28 nm). HE had improved loading capacity (6.20 ± 0.79%) and higher encapsulation efficiency (86.79 ± 11.07%) of PTX than lipo. More importantly, PTX-HE possessed higher cellular uptake efficiency, lower IC50 (4.32 ± 0.48 μg/mL) and stronger anti-migration ability (cell mobility: 16%) as compared with PTX-lipo. In TNBC-bearing mice, PTX-HE accumulated at tumor sites and suppressed tumor growth (tumor inhibition rate: 60%) with minimal systemic toxicity.
Conclusions: HE exhibits improved drug loading capacity, targeting ability and cancer cell-killing effect. Overall, HE developed by fusing exosomes with liposomes provides a promising strategy for the large-scale generation of exosome alternatives as drug carriers for targeted chemotherapy.
Tripterine affect substance P-sensitized mast cell activity by regulating adhesion molecules and serine/threonine kinase pathway
Authors: Yao Ciyu , Chen Mengxue , Chen Huifang , Wang Tao , Jia Xiaokang
Published: October 2022

Objective: The aim of this research was to analyze the mechanism of tripterine anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activity in the substance P sensitized mast cells. Methods: Substance P was used to sensitize P815 cells, and Agilent Scanner G2505C gene chip was used to analyze differential gene. The mechanism of tripterine anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activity was analyzed by qPCR and flow cytometry. Results: Substance P significantly inhibited P815 viability, and significantly increased histamine concentration. Significance analysis showed substance P induced 1711 genes significantly up-regulated with fold change ≥ 2, and 2033 significantly down-regulated. The GO enrichment analysis showed the up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) significantly enriched in superoxide metabolic process and nucleocytoplasmic transport, and the down-regulated DEGs mainly enriched in phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade and blood vessel remodeling. The KEGG pathway analysis found the up-regulated DEGs mainly enriched in RNA polymerase and Huntington’s disease, and the down-regulated DEGs mainly enriched in cell adhesion molecules and lysosome. Further research found that tripterine protected substance P- sensitized mast cell by regulating cell adhesion molecules and PI3K/AKT pathway. Conclusions: This study identified some key genes and pathways closely related with sensitized mast cell, and tripterine affected substance P- sensitized cell by adhesion molecules and PI3K/AKT pathway.
Verification of the integral conceptual model of frailty among community-dwelling older adults in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fan Jun-Yao , Xie Wen , Zhang Wen-Ya , Liu Yue-Ting , Wang Quan , Zhao Hui-Min , Kong Ling-Lin , Li Jie
Published: October 2022

Purpose
The integral conceptual model of frailty (ICFM) integrates physical, psychological, social aspects of individuals and stresses that frailty is a dynamic state evolving over time. This study aimed to validate the ICMF among community-dwelling older adults in China.
Methods
The study recruited 341 older community-dwelling adults by convenient sampling method between June 1 and August 30, 2019 in Hubei province, China. The data was collected by questionnaire-based survey. Hierarchical regression analyses, Bootstrap method and the structural equation model were conducted in data analysis.
Results
Both linear and logistic hierarchical regression models were statistically significant. Life-course determinants, disease, and three domains of frailty together explained 35.6–50.6% of the variance of disability and all domains of quality of life. The mediation effect of frailty between disease and all adverse outcomes were significant, excluding hospitalization. The structural equation model guiding by the ICMF fits the data well.
Conclusions
The ICMF is valid among community-dwelling older adults in China. Therefore, the multidimensional concept of frailty should be widely used in Chinese communities.
Soft Tissue Aesthetic using Pink aesthetic score with Autogenous Dentin Chips and Immediate Implantation versus Conventional Immediate Implantation with Xenograft in Thin Buccal Bone: (Randomized Controlled clinical trial)
Authors: shoeib mona , Abdelrahman ahmed Reda , hamada cherine
Published: October 2022

Aim: To evaluate soft tissue aesthetics around immediate dental implants with dentin chips and xenograft in thin buccal bone .
Methodology: 16 patients with non-restorable tooth were recruited in this study for immediate implant placement with augmentation . Patients were randomly assigned into two equal groups; dentin chips group with immediate implant and xenograft group with immediate implant also. Pink aesthetic score are recorded on loading at 6 months & after 1 year of implant insertion according to Vanlıoğlu . Also buccal bone , crestal bone resorption were measured using CBCT on 6 month & 1 year ; implant stability were measured using osstel immediately on implant insertion & before loading and pain is recorded as Numerical rating scale according to Breivik .
Results: In the present study, both groups showed better PES after 6 months and 1 year
P-value = 0.343; P-value = 0.199
nearly same level of crestal bone & buccal bone at 6 months & 1 year
P-value = 0.031; P-value = 0.029
P-value = 0.546; P-value = 0.268
implant stability is better at 6 months and one year P-value = 0.514; P-value = 0.340
and reduction in the post-operative pain within 1 week following implant placement with
but with statistically significant difference within each group and also between both groups.
Conclusions:
The use of autogenous dentin chips proved to be a valid alternative to bone grafting materials to fill the jumping gap in conjunction with immediate implants in the aesthetic zone.
PES, the overall difference between the control and the intervention groups showed no statistical significance
A qualitative evaluation and conceptual framework on the use of the Birth weight and Age-at-death Boxes for Intervention and Evaluation System (BABIES) Matrix for Perinatal Health in Uganda
Authors: Dynes Michelle M. , Daniel Gaea A. , Mac Valerie , Picho Brenda , Asiimwe Alice , Nalutaaya Agnes , Opio Gregory , Kamara Vincent , Kaharuza Frank , Serbanescu Florina
Published: October 2022

Background: Perinatal mortality (newborn deaths in the first week of life and stillbirths) continues to be a significant global health threat, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Low-tech, innovative solutions that close the quality-of-care gap may contribute to progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals for health by 2030. From 2012–2018, the Saving Mothers, Giving Life Initiative (SMGL) implemented the Birth weight and Age-at-Death Boxes for Intervention and Evaluation System (BABIES) matrix in Western Uganda. The BABIES matrix provides a simple, standardized way to track perinatal health outcomes to inform evidence-based quality improvement strategies.
Methods: In November 2017, a facility-based qualitative evaluation was conducted using in-depth interviews with 29 health workers in 16 health facilities implementing BABIES in Uganda. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis across five domains: 1) perceived ease of use, 2) how the matrix was used, 3) changes in behavior or standard operating procedures after introduction, 4) perceived value of the matrix, and 5) program sustainability.
Results: Values in the matrix were easy to calculate, but training was required to ensure correct data placement and interpretation. Displaying the matrix on a highly visible board in the maternity ward fostered a sense of accountability for health outcomes. BABIES matrix reports were compiled, reviewed, and responded to monthly by interprofessional teams, prompting collaboration across units to fill data gaps and support perinatal death reviews. Respondents reported improved staff communication and performance appraisal, community engagement, and ability to track and link clinical outcomes with actions. Midwives felt empowered to participate in the problem-solving process. Respondents were motivated to continue using BABIES, although sustainability concerns were raised due to funding and staff shortages.
Conclusions: District-level health systems can use data compiled from the BABIES matrix to inform policy and guide implementation of community-centered health practices to improve perinatal heath. Future work may consider using the Conceptual Framework on Use of the BABIES Matrix for Perinatal Health as a model to operationalize concepts and test the impact of the tool over time.
Anisotropic Approch of compact star as generalized Model
Authors: Ratanpal B. S. Ratanpal , patel Rinkal Patel
Published: October 2022

Note: Please see manuscript pdf for full abstract with equations.
we introduce a new class of interior solutions that are singularity free and useful for describing genuine anisotropic compact starobjects with spherically symmetric matter distribution. we have considered metric potential selecting B2(r)=1/(1-r2/R2)n,where n >2. The various physical characteristics of the model were specifically examined for the pulsar PSRJ1903 + 327 with its currentestimated data. According to analysis, every physical need for aphysically admissible star is satisfied and all features are acceptable.Further the stability of the model is examined. Numerous pertinent physical characteristics are also highlighted in graphical form.
Measuring the Cosmic X-ray Background accurately
Authors: Li Hancheng , Walter Roland , Produit Nicolas , Hubert Fiona
Published: October 2022

Synthesis models of the diffuse Cosmic X-ray Background (CXB) suggest that it can be resolved into discrete sources, primarily Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs). Measuring the CXB accurately offers a unique probe to study the AGN population in the nearby Universe. Current hard X-ray instruments suffer from time-dependent background and cross-calibration issues. As a result, their measurements of the CXB normalization has an uncertainty of the order of ~15%. In this paper, we present the concept and simulated performances of a CXB detector, which could be operated on different platforms. With a 16-U CubeSat mission running for more than two years in space, such a detector could measure the CXB normalization with ~1% uncertainty.