bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise do custo da prestação do serviço de coleta de lixo do Município de Ouro Verde do Oeste - PR
Authors: Lima Luis Carlos de , Dall'Asta Denis
Published: October 2021

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo fazer pesquisa e analisar as informações dos custos da cobrança de coleta lixo do município de Ouro Verde do Oeste – PR,  para proposição de medidas a se obter uma tabela de valores para cobrança justa. Com isso buscou-se a elaboração de um levantamento por meio de estudo técnico para obter um resultado para análise onde poderá verificar se há equilíbrio de valores lançados e recolhidos conforme cálculos efetuados pelo coeficiente da tabela de em vigor, verificando se a cobrança é justa. Os resultados alcançados serão apresentados a e ficarão disponíveis ao Município de Ouro Verde do Oeste-PR, para análise, estudo e possível intervenção futura caso seja necessário,  com opções em e alternativas a firmar convênios ou parceria com a Companhia de energia elétrica  ou com a Companhia de  Saneamento efetuando a cobrança na fatura mensal, aumentando a proporção do valor arrecadado do lançamento anual já que o município não arrecada o total lançado, ficando débitos a receber no exercício seguinte. Este estudo foi elaborado tendo como base as informações obtidas "in loco" e o método utilizado para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi a coleta de dados por meio de planilhas de controle e perguntas aos funcionários que executam o referido serviço lotados na Secretaria de Viação e Obras, habitação e urbanismo, informações obtidas no Departamento de Recursos Humanos referente os funcionários que executam o serviço na área da coleta, informações dos imóveis edificados fornecidas pelo Departamento de Receita e Cadastro Técnico Imobiliário Fiscal do Município onde por meio de seu Cadastro Imobiliário possui relação dos imóveis edificados que são cobrados a taxa de coleta anual do lixo e resíduos
Análise dos resultados financeiros da atualização da planta genérica de valores e do cadastro imobiliário municipal: Um estudo de caso
Authors: Oliveira Carlos Eduardo , Leismann Edison Luiz
Published: October 2021

A Planta Genérica de Valores (PGV) e o Cadastro Imobiliário Municipal (CIM) são ferramentas que impactam na arrecadação de um município por meio do Imposto Predial e Territorial Urbano (IPTU). Diante da atualização destes itens realizada no Município de São Pedro do Iguaçu, no Paraná, entre os anos de 2017 e 2018, buscou-se aferir o aumento nos valores do referido tributo. Para isto, foram utilizados dados financeiros disponibilizados pela Prefeitura Municipal. Foram realizadas, ainda, entrevistas com a equipe de trabalho participante no processo de recadastramento em campo, no intuito de identificar os pontos fracos e fortes da metodologia adotada. O conjunto dos resultados apontam que o ajuste da PGV, aliada à atualização do CIM, implicaram num aumento do valor global do IPTU de R$ 172,34 mil para R$ 829,91 mil, ou seja, cerca de 380 %, sem se fazer qualquer alteração na alíquota incidente. Apesar das dificuldades encontradas na execução do processo, conclui-se que manter a base de dados de referência do cálculo do IPTU atualizada é fundamental para que não ocorram aumentos excessivos na tarifa, como aconteceu no município estudado. Além disso, a desatualização das informações cadastrais implica em renúncia de receita. No caso estudado, estima-se que tenha se deixado de arrecadar cerca de R$ 2,5 milhões com IPTU passível de tributação, somente nos últimos 5 anos.
Proposta de estudo de viabilidade para a implantação de um FABLAB em Toledo
Authors: Camargo Wander Douglas Pires de
Published: October 2021

Os Fablabs são laboratórios acessíveis a população para fabricação de “coisas”, invenções protótipos e etc. Seu objetivo é sensibilizar a fabricação digital e pessoal democratizando a tecnologia com ambientes de aprendizagem repletos de possibilidades, em que pessoas com diferentes perfis e habilidades se encontram para trabalhar. Cada FabLab possui um foco diferente, existem aquelas voltadas para a solução de problemas básicos locais, outras trabalhando em projetos, conjuntos com governos e universidades, indústrias, e etc. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho propõe a instalação de um fablab em Toledo, já que está entre as cidades mais desenvolvidas do estado. A ideia é propor um estudo de viabilidade para a implantação de um Fablab público, aberto à população, comunidade acadêmica além de indústria, comércio etc, como na RedePronto 3D em Florianópolis e os Fablabs livre de São Paulo que deram certo. Como metodologia será realizado estudo qualitativo e descritivo por meio de artigos publicados relacionados com o tema e um estudo acerca de lugares que já instalaram um Fablab. Toledo apresenta ótimo desenvolvimento em várias áreas que podem se beneficiar de um laboratório de fabricação, como educacional, industrial, universitário, cultural, agrárias, dentre outras. Assim, verifica-se a importância do projeto, uma vez que estes laboratórios aproximam as pessoas e as comunidades das tecnologias e a democratização da fabricação tendo como o principal objetivo a inclusão digital contribuindo para o desenvolvimento educacional, econômico e social da cidade.
O TERRITÓRIO: A ABORDAGEM TERRITORIAL E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES NAS DINÂMICAS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO
Authors: Saquet Marcos Aurélio
Published: October 2021

Nos últimos anos avançamos significativamente, no Brasil e noutros países da América Latina, no debate e compreensão das distintas abordagens e concepções de território e desenvolvimento, Ciência popular; território; desenvolvimento. No entanto, algumas questões ainda precisam ser mais bem trabalhadas para clarear possíveis metodologias apropriadas para nossa diversidade natural e cultural. Assim, preparamos este texto com o objetivo de mostrar, didaticamente, a relação direta que existe entre uma abordagem territorial histórico-crítica e a problemática do desenvolvimento. Um dos principais resultados que conseguimos entender, é que se faz necessário vincular o desenvolvimento ao território, mais especificamente às suas singularidades sociais e naturais que precisam, na opção por nós escolhida, ser compreendidas e transformadas de maneira participativa, solidária, ecológica, reflexiva e cooperada, a partir dos princípios e das práticas da ciência popular.
ACTIVANDO EL PATRIMONIO TERRITORIAL COMO ESTRATEGIA DE DESARROLLO DE REGIONES ESTANCADAS: EL CASO DEL TERRITORIO DEL CONTESTADO
Authors: Dallabrida Valdir Roque , Tomporoski Alexandre Assis , Tabasco Julio José Plaza , Pulpón Ángel Raúl Ruiz
Published: October 2021

O Brasil apresenta áreas deprimidas cuja estagnação se deve à especialização agropecuária e florestal e concentração da propriedade da terra, fatores que condicionam a diversificação produtiva e a inovação, com consequências sociodemográficas nos níveis de renda, acentuado pela falta de infraestruturas e a escassa identidade territorial. No entanto, tem-se como hipótese que a existência de recursos específicos que conformam o patrimônio territorial pode viabilizar oportunidades inovadoras de desenvolvimento. É o caso do Território do Contestado, se considerarmos sua história e a paisagem natural com a presença da erva-mate agroflorestal, cujos fatores apresentam potencial como recurso turístico e fonte de agregação de renda regional. O texto retoma estudos já realizados, mostrando as evidências indicativas de que a ativação dos recursos patrimoniais tem potencial de contribuir na reafirmação da identidade territorial e sentimentos de pertencimento, indispensáveis para avançar na inovação e no desenvolvimento de regiões estagnadas, como o caso em referência.
Association between sleep and awake bruxism in patients with migraine
Authors: Godk Keryn Sporh , Santos Maria Luiza dos , Utiumi Marco Antonio Takashi , Küster João Guilherme Bochnia , Canalli Filho Luiz Carlos , Kotsifas Nikolai José Eustátios , Tan Bin Cheng , Mioto Eldislei , Colombani Gabriel Eduardo Faria , Piovesan Elcio Juliato
Published: October 2021

IntroductionWhen migraine undergoes transformation from episodic to chronic form it becomes more disabling due to the refractoriness in treatment and the emergence of comorbidities, with the establishment of a bidirectional relationship between sleep bruxism and chronic migraine. This study aimed to assess whether sleep and awake bruxism are more prevalent in chronic migraine when compared to episodic migraine and also to establish possible clinical correlations with the process of chronification.Methods210 patients were allocated to the study, 97 with episodic migraine and 113 with chronic migraine, who underwent face-to-face interviews with the completion of the scales: specific questionnaire for the diagnosis of sleep and awake bruxism, PHQ-9 (depression), GAD-7 (anxiety), Epworth Scale (daytime sleepiness), MIDAS (migraine incapacity) and HIT-6 (impact of headache). ResultsThe prevalence of sleep and awake bruxism was similar in patients with episodic versus chronic migraine (p = 0.300 and p = 0.238). The correlation of patients with concomitant awake and sleep bruxism and with high scores on the migraine incapacity (MIDAS) and headache impact (HIT-6) scales was higher among patients with chronic migraine than in patients with episodic migraine. (p <0.001 and p <0.001). ConclusionSleep and awake bruxism alone are not more prevalent in chronic migraine when compared to episodic migraine, although bruxism causes greater impact and disability on individuals with chronic migraine.
Para-Bombay Phenotype of a Pregnant Mother in Malaysia: Transfusion for an Extremely Premature Baby
Authors: Pei Pei Tan , Ahmad Nor Hafizah , Noor Noor Haslina Mohd
Published: October 2021

Para-Bombay blood phenotype is a rare blood group with limited cases reported worldwide. This blood group is characterized by the absence of ABH antigen on red blood cells but presence of ABH secretor substances in the body secretion. This rare phenotype is usually misinterpreted as O and may endanger the patient if urgent blood transfusion is required. A mother who was labelled as group O Rh D positive during antenatal follow-up was found to have ABO discrepancy during delivery. The newborn was admitted for extremely premature delivery at 25 weeks. As the baby required transfusion, problem arose during cross matching with the mother’s sample. It was found that the mother was group O Rh D positive in forward grouping. However, the reverse grouping showed the presence of reaction (2+) in O cells. The baby was grouped as O Rh D positive. As transfusion was urgently needed due to baby’s unstable condition, group O Rh D positive packed cell was found compatible with baby’s serum, subsequently transfused. Bombay blood donor was contacted, and the donated blood was sent to the hospital for further management. Further investigations were performed, indicating that the mother is para-Bombay A. Due to recent transfusion to baby, we suggested to repeat baby’s blood group after the baby is one year old. Para-Bombay was usually mislabelled as O if the sample was not tested with O cell in reverse grouping. Additional tests may be needed during antenatal follow-up to prevent complications during delivery, which requires emergency blood transfusion.
Efficacy of Two-phase Treatment Regimen for Rhino-facial Entomophthoromycosis: Our Experience and Review of Literature
Authors: Chadaram Srinivas , Chappity Preetam , Hallur Vinaykumar , Sharma Prity , Pradeep Pradhan , Parida Pradipta
Published: October 2021

This paper reviews our institutional experience in the management of rhino-facial entomophthoromycosis, a rare subcutaneous fungal infection. We adopt a fixed two-phase protocol comprising an initial ‘intensive phase’ (two-drug regimen) followed by an ‘eradication phase’ (monotherapy). We present five patients treated between May 2013 and May 2020 in our institution who were subjected to the mentioned protocol. All five patients received six months of supersaturated potassium iodide solution and itraconazole, followed by four months of monotherapy with only supersaturated potassium iodide solution. All patients responded well to the treatment and were disease-free on follow-up of a minimum two years post-treatment. We recommend this procedure for all typical cases of entomophthoromycosis and suggest avoiding surgical intervention which may disseminate the fungus and delay response to treatment.
Bronchial Leiomyoma: Importance of Preoperative Biopsy for Lung Preserving Surgery
Authors: Al Kindi Adil Hashim , Al Ibrahim Marwa Taher , Al Marhoon Malyar Mohsin , Al Kindi Faiza Abdullah , Salem Abdulmageed , Al Ajmi Radiya
Published: October 2021

Tracheobronchial leiomyoma is a rare tumor of the airway. They arise from the lower respiratory tract tissue of the bronchi, trachea, and lung. Symptomatology is based on the degree of endoluminal bronchial obstruction, and surgical resection is generally the mainstay of treatment. We present the case of a 33-year-old male who suffered from chronic cough and breathlessness for two years caused by large endobronchial leiomyoma diagnosed by preoperative biopsy. The tumor was surgically resected through bronchotomy and complete preservation of the lung parenchyma. We stress the importance of a definitive preoperative diagnosis of this rare tumor to employ lung preserving surgical techniques.
Effect of Mn Content on the Passivation and Corrosion of Al0.3Cr0.5Fe2MnxMo0.15Ni1.5Ti0.3 Compositionally Complex Face-Centered Cubic Alloys
Authors: Inman S.B. , Han J. , Gerard A.Y. , Qi J. , Wischhusen M.A. , Agnew S.R. , Poon S.J. , Ogle K. , Scully J.R.
Published: October 2021

Al0.3Cr0.5Fe2MnxMo0.15Ni1.5Ti0.3 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1) compositionally complex alloys are synthesized and annealed at 1,070°C to form two-phase alloys with a face-centered cubic (fcc) matrix and a second phases enriched in Al, Ti, and Ni with slightly reduced density, raw element costs, and passivating elements distributed across both phases. The global corrosion resistance is evaluated in 0.01 M and 0.1 M NaCl at both natural pH and pH 4. Overall corrosion resistance is suggested to be optimized at Mn concentrations of 5.0 at%, indicated by pitting potentials comparable to or exceeding those of 316L stainless steel. Improvements in corrosion resistance and optimization of Mn concentration are further assessed by polarization, impedance, and gravimetric analysis after extended aqueous exposure. The fate of individual elements during the dissolution and passivation processes is evaluated with in situ atomic emission spectroelectrochemistry and ex situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Passivity was derived from combinations of Ti4+, Cr3+, and Al3+ oxides in an undetermined solid solution or complex oxide. Enhanced corrosion resistance is attributed to the improved chemical homogeneity of passivating elements within the two-phase microstructure, while the decreased corrosion resistance of alloys with higher Mn concentrations is attributed to high Mn dissolution rates and/or destabilization of the passive films. The underlying determinants of the role of Mn in the design of corrosion-resistant lightweight compositionally complex alloys are discussed.
Application of artificial intelligence in chest imaging for COVID-19
Authors: Kim Eun Young , Chung Myung Jin
Published: October 2021

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has threatened public health. Medical imaging tools such as chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) play an essential role in the global fight against COVID-19. Recently emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies further strengthen the power of imaging tools and help medical professionals. We reviewed the current progress in the development of AI technologies for the diagnostic imaging of COVID-19.Current Concepts: The rapid development of AI, including deep learning, has led to the development of technologies that may assist in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, prediction of disease risk and prognosis, health index monitoring, and drug development. In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, AI can improve work efficiency through accurate delineation of infections on chest X-ray and CT images, differentiation of COVID-19 from other diseases, and facilitation of subsequent disease quantification. Moreover, computer-aided platforms help radiologists make clinical decisions for disease diagnosis, tracking, and prognosis.Discussion and Conclusion: We reviewed the current progress in AI technology for chest imaging for COVID-19. However, it is necessary to combine clinical experts’ observations, medical image data, and clinical and laboratory findings for reliable and efficient diagnosis and management of COVID-19. Future AI research should focus on multimodality-based models and how to select the best model architecture for COVID-19 diagnosis and management.
Application of robots in general surgery
Authors: Kim Jin Kyong , Yang Seung Yoon , Kim Sung Hyun , Kim Hyoung-Il
Published: October 2021

Background: Application of robotic surgery in the field of general surgery has been increasing. This paper is an overview of the current uses and future perspectives of robotic surgery in four major divisions—endocrine, upper gastrointestinal, hepato-biliary-pancreatic (HBP), and colorectal surgery.Current Concepts: In endocrine surgery, cosmetic advantage is the highest priority when selecting a surgical approach for thyroidectomy. Currently, the transaxillary route is the most common approach. The introduction of the single-port system could maximize the advantages of this technique. In upper gastrointestinal surgery, the use of robots has the advantage of better retrieval of lymph nodes, less bleeding, earlier discharge, and less complications than the laparoscopic approach. However, a more prospective comparative trial is required to confirm those findings. In the HBP field, the indications of robotic surgery have expanded, starting with cholecystectomy to more challenging procedures, such as donor hepatectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy. Meticulous dissection using robots could provide benefits to patients. In colorectal surgery, robotic surgery is an excellent technical tool for minimally invasive surgeries for rectal cancers, especially in male patients with narrow, deep pelvises. However, further studies are required to confirm the impact of robotic surgery on rectal cancers.Discussion and Conclusion: Robots are used to provide optimal surgical outcomes. Investigating new technologies and innovative surgical procedures is the highly important for a surgeon in the era of minimally invasive surgery.
DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN SERBIA
Authors: IVANČEVIĆ GORAN
Published: October 2021

Local self government, as a phenomenon, was established before the emergence of a modern state. Its role and significance has remained unsurpassed in nowadays world generally, and especially in modern states. The position that self-government has today is derived from the functions that this institution has in a modern state system. Namely, local self-government represents the basis of the state system in a narrower functional sense because it performs tasks that are important for the local community. However, it has a broader political and organizational significance, because, without that level of state organization, it would be almost impossible to reach numerous democratic achievements such as: citizen participation in public affairs, sharing power, decentralization (i.e. devolution of power), the exercise of certain rights and freedom, activities of civil society, etc.
The importance of local self-government in Serbia is reflected in its historical role, inherited from tradition, which has outgrown and taken on a certain state-building, institutional and national character. It should also be emphasized that Serbian historiography, as well as other social sciences, to which this topic is related, has not paid enough attention to local self-government as a phenomenon in the context of its significance for the modern Serbian state and society as a whole. Therefore, it would be extremely important to look at this topic in a multidisciplinary manner and to offer scientific answers and facts about the historical, legal, political, and sociological role of local self-government. This work will try to synthesize its historical, political, institutional and national significance, by analyzing the emergence of self-government, that is, its development, which makes it one of the pillars of the Serbian state.
Technical note: Quality assessment of ozone reanalysis products and gap-filling over subarctic Europe for vegetation risk mapping
Authors: Falk Stefanie , Vollsnes Ane V. , Eriksen Aud B. , Stordal Frode , Koren Berntsen Terje
Published: October 2021

Abstract. We assess the quality of regional and global ozone reanalysis data for vegetation modeling and ozone (O3) risk mapping over subarctic Europe where monitoring is sparse. Reanalysis data can be subject to systematic errors originating from, for example, quality of assimilated data, distribution and strength of precursor sources, incomprehensive atmospheric chemistry or land–atmosphere exchange, and spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we evaluate two selected global products and one regional ozone reanalysis product. Our analysis suggests that global reanalysis products do not reproduce observed ground-level ozone well in the subarctic region. Only the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service Regional Air Quality (CAMSRAQ) reanalysis ensemble sufficiently captures the observed seasonal cycle. We also compute the root mean square error (RMSE) by season. The RMSE variation between (2.6–6.6) ppb suggests inherent challenges even for the best reanalysis product (CAMSRAQ). O3 concentrations in the subarctic region are systematically underestimated by (2–6) ppb compared to the ground-level background ozone concentrations derived from observations. Spatial patterns indicate a systematical underestimation of ozone abundance by the global reanalysis products on the west coast of northern Fennoscandia.
Furthermore, we explore the suitability of CAMSRAQ for gap-filling at one site in northern Norway with a long-term record but not belonging to the observational network. We devise a reconstruction method based on Reynolds decomposition and adhere to recommendations by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) convention. The thus reconstructed data for 2 weeks in July 2018 are compared with CAMSRAQ evaluated at the nearest-neighbor grid point. Our reconstruction method's performance (76 % accuracy) is comparable with CAMSRAQ (80 % accuracy), but diurnal extremes are underestimated by both.
Stability of long-term satellite and reanalysis products to monitor snow cover trends
Authors: Urraca Ruben , Gobron Nadine
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Monitoring snow cover extent is now feasible using Earth Observation (EO) data together with reanalysis products (derived from earth system model and data assimilation) to infer climate change impacts. Temporal stability is essential but can be altered by the combination of multiple satellite sensors and their degradation, or by the assimilation of new observations at a certain period in the case of reanalysis. This study evaluates the stability of some longest satellite and reanalysis products (ERA5, 1950–2020, ERA5-Land, 1981–2020, and NOAA CDR, 1966–2020) by using 470 ground stations as reference data (1950–2020). Temporal stability is assessed with the time series of the annual bias in snow depth and snow cover duration of the products at the different stations. Results show that the assimilation of new observations in ERA5 improved significantly its accuracy during the recent years (2005–2020) but introduced three negative step discontinuities starting in 1980, 1992, 2004. By contrast, ERA5-Land is more stable due to the lack of data assimilation, but at expense of worsening its accuracy despite having a finer spatial resolution. In the NOAA CDR, the increasing number of satellite data used introduces a positive trend since 1990–1995 that leads to artificial recovery of snow cover in fall and winter. The magnitude of most of these artificial trends/discontinuities is larger than actual snow cover trends and Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) stability requirements. The stability challenge of reanalysis products is linked to the assimilation of new observations to improve their accuracy or extend their temporal coverage. The study also updates snow trends (1950–2020) over local sites in the North Hemisphere (NH) corroborating the retreat of snow cover, driven mainly by an earlier melt and recently by a later snow onset. In warmer regions such as Europe, snow cover decrease is aggravated by a decreasing snow depth due to less snowfall, while in drier regions such as Russia snow cover retreats despite the increasing snow depth observed.
Land- to lake-terminating transition triggers dynamic thinning of a Bhutanese glacier
Authors: Sato Yota , Fujita Koji , Inoue Hiroshi , Sakai Akiko ,   Karma
Published: October 2021

Abstract. There have been rapid increases in both the number and expansion of the proglacial lakes across High Mountain Asia. However, the relationship between proglacial lakes and glacier dynamics remains unclear in the Himalayan region. Here we present the surface elevation, flow velocity changes, and proglacial lake expansion of Thorthormi and Lugge glaciers in the Lunana region, Bhutanese Himalaya, during the 2000–2018 period using photogrammetry and GPS survey data. The lake expansion and surface lowering rates, and flow velocity field of Lugge Glacier, a lake-terminating glacier, have remained approximately constant since 2000. Conversely, there has been accelerated proglacial lake expansion and a two-fold increase in the thinning rate of Thorthormi Glacier since 2011, as well as a considerable speed-up in the flow velocity field (> 150 m a−1). We reveal that the lake formation and transition of Thorthormi Glacier from a land- to lake-terminating glacier have triggered glacier speed-up and rapid thinning via a positive (compressive) to negative (extensional) change in the emergence velocities. This study provides the first evidence of dynamic glacier changes that are associated with proglacial lake formation across the Himalayan region.
Using Evidence to Frame Problems of Practice
Authors: Leach Lesley F. , Baker Credence , Leamons Catherine G. , Bunch Phillis , Brock Jesse
Published: October 2021

Improvement initiatives crafted based on well-understood problems of practice often stand the greatest chance of leading to sustainable educational improvements. Framing problems of practice using multiple modes of evidence is advisable to fully understand the system of root causes of the problem and its stakeholders. In this study, we used the document analysis method to investigate the types of evidence (e.g., literature, anecdotal, secondary data) that students used to frame problems of practice in EdD dissertations in practice within CPED consortium member institutions (N=53). Results suggest that students predominantly use literature to frame problems of practice with fewer using primary and secondary data.
Factores sociodemográficos que inciden en el emprendimiento rural de jóvenes en Antioquia, Colombia
Authors: Arias Vargas Francisco Javie , Ribes-Giner Gabriela , Arango-Botero Diana , Garcés Giraldo Luis Fernando
Published: October 2021

El emprendimiento se torna como una fuerza que posibilita la revitalización de los territorios rurales y el desarrollo agrícola, en consecuencia, es importante identificar los factores sociodemográficos que inciden en el emprendimiento rural de jóvenes pertenecientes a cinco Facultades de Ciencias Agrarias de las universidades en el Departamento de Antioquia en Colombia. Para ello, se diseñó y aplicó un instrumento de recolección de información, previamente validado con enfoque cualitativo, recopilando 427 respuestas completas. Se realizaron pruebas estadísticas de chi-cuadrado para determinar el grado de asociación de la actividad emprendedora con las variables sociodemográficas medidas tales como género, edad, estado civil, escolaridad, entorno familiar y dependientes. Una vez verificada la existencia de asociaciones entre las variables, se realizó un análisis de correspondencias múltiples con el propósito de identificar patrones y tendencias entre las variables. Los resultados muestran una mayor favorabilidad para emprender en la ruralidad antioqueña de aquellos sujetos pertenecientes a los estratos altos de la población, mayoritariamente hombres, con estudios de posgrado, provenientes de familias donde los padres tienen al menos titulación universitaria, con situación diferente a la soltería y con un rango de edad que oscila entre los 32 a 38 años. Los hombres son más propensos a emprender que las mujeres en las zonas rurales.
Liderazgo transformacional y cultura innovativa: efectos en la calidad institucional
Authors: Pedraja-Rejas Liliana , Rodríguez-Ponce Emilio , Muñoz-Fritis Camila
Published: October 2021

El liderazgo es una de las variables que la alta dirección universitaria requiere ejercer para lograr mejores resultados en las organizaciones. Uno de los efectos del liderazgo se observa en la cultura organizativa. Bajo esta perspectiva, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las relaciones entre liderazgo transformacional, cultura innovativa y calidad en las instituciones de educación superior. Para este efecto, se trabajó con una muestra de 52 instituciones de educación superior acreditadas por la Comisión Nacional de Acreditación de Chile, entre las que se encuentran Universidades, Institutos Profesionales y Centros de Formación Técnica. Utilizando modelos de regresión lineal múltiple, los resultados muestran que el estilo de liderazgo transformacional influye de manera significativa (test t= 13,691; p<0,01) sobre la cultura innovativa; siendo esta última una variable determinante de la calidad de las instituciones (test t= 3,264; p<0,01). Se concluye que no es trivial ni el estilo de liderazgo empleado por los líderes ni la cultura promovida en estas instituciones, ya que estas pueden marcar diferencia en la calidad, expresada en los años de acreditación institucional.
Cultura organizacional inclusiva en instituciones de educación superior chilenas
Authors: Barrientos Briceño Evelyn , Briceño Toledo Margarita , Suárez-Amaya Wendolin , Valdés Montecinos Michel
Published: October 2021

La inclusión de las personas en el trabajo es un fenómeno que ha tomado auge en los últimos tiempos, se ha desarrollado en torno al tema, un marco político y normativo a escala mundial al cual las organizaciones deben dar respuestas y adaptarse. La presente investigación busca diseñar un instrumento que permita medir la cultura inclusiva en organizaciones educativas, en el marco de la ley 21.015 de inclusión laboral en Chile. En atención a lo anterior, se presenta un instrumento que le facilite a las instituciones evaluar con base en la opinión de sus colaboradores la realidad de la organización, en cuanto a sus aspectos a mejorar y las situaciones que deben permanecer. La metodología utilizada es de carácter cuantitativa y se tomó como referencia una universidad pública del estado de Chile, espacio que permitió evaluar la confiabilidad del instrumento en la aplicación a sus funcionarios y se aspira sirva de insumo para tomar decisiones argumentadas. Se concluye que el instrumento presentado es confiable y válido a partir de los análisis realizados, y si bien, fue validado para el caso específico de una universidad estatal, se considera que el mismo podría ser aplicable a cualquier institución educativa en Chile.
Competencias organizacionales en empresas avícolas de Ecuador
Authors: Bravo Macías Columba Consuelo , Sarmentero Bon Ileana , Vélez Ganchozo Jessica Viviana , Félix López Miryam Elizabeth
Published: October 2021

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo identificar competencias organizacionales y propiciar acciones para la mejora de las de organizaciones avícolas, específicamente en la empresas avícola GENÉTICA Nacional S.A, de Montecristi, Ecuador. Para ello se utilizó una metodología de tres fases que, partiendo de la descripción de la organización, definición de competencias organizacionales y la consolidación de acciones de mejora para la organización estudiada. Los resultados indican que son ocho las competencias organizacionales medulares: Innovación, Formación Aprendizaje Permanente, Bioseguridad, Comunicación, Trabajo Integrado en Equipo, Perseverancia del Medio Ambiente, Orientación a la Calidad, Orientación al Cliente; las mismas responden alas mismas responden a la misión y característica de la organización; las competencia con mayores deficiencias (nivel de desarrollo bajo) resultaron ser la innovación, aprendizaje permanente, la bio seguridad de la granja y preservación del medio ambiente. En función de ello, con la utilización de la técnica 5W+1H se elaboró el plan de mejora que asocia las acciones a cada competencia, para de esta manera canalizar ventajas competitivas para la empresa GENÉTICA Nacional S.A. Las competencias organizacionales elevan la competitividad de las empresas y potencian la mejora constante del desempeño.
Introducción al monografico: Antropologías del hambre: La (in)seguridad alimentaria en contextos de precarización
Authors: Gracia-Arnaiz Mabel , Casadó Lina , Campanera Mireia
Published: October 2021

Introducción al monografico: Antropologías del hambre: La (in)seguridad alimentaria en contextos de precarización
Hambre, Política(s) y Cooperación al desarrollo en la Guatemala del siglo XXI. Una mirada crítica desde la Antropología
Authors: Conde-Caballero David , García Arias Miguel Ángel , Mariano-Juárez Lorenzo
Published: October 2021

Las relaciones de la Antropología con los asuntos nutricionales ha sido una constante en Guatemala desde mediados del siglo XX. En este texto se aborda el análisis crítico del contexto de políticas y estrategias llevadas a cabo en los últimos veinte años de lucha contra el hambre. Los diversos enfoques se muestran paralelos al discurso de las cifras, que arroja un relato de fracasos, y la escasa presencia de la Antropología y los enfoques culturales. Se esgrimen aquí posibles causas del fracaso, entre los que se encuentra, también, el escaso papel otorgado a los estudios etnográficos y el papel de la cultura. Se sostiene que en la planificación de las acciones han pesado más aspectos como la tradición y la ocurrencia que la evidencia disponible. Necesitamos replantear el alcance estratégico de las acciones, lo que incluye contar con científicos sociales en los procesos de diseño y evaluación, -y no sólo en la crítica-, pero asumiendo que de nada servirán sin una apuesta decidida desde el punto de vista económico.
Retóricas del hambre en la prensa digital española (2015-2018): de penurias que vienen y se van
Authors: Gracia-Arnaiz Mabel , García-Oliva Montserrat , Demonte Flavia
Published: October 2021

Coincidiendo con la recesión mundial iniciada en 2008, en España se multiplicaron las noticias que presentaron la inseguridad alimentaria como una realidad tangible. Vinculada a los efectos de la crisis financiera, el desempleo y las políticas de austeridad, entre 2008 y 2014 la prensa generó discursos específicos sobre el hambre y los hambrientos que fueron replicados por la opinión pública. El presente artículo retoma este primer análisis para compararlo con los discursos mediáticos producidos entre 2015 y 2018 durante la denominada post-crisis. A través de un estudio cualitativo de las noticias de tres diarios digitales se da cuenta de la naturaleza de esta construcción social, así como del papel que los medios de comunicación adquieren en la amplificación de ciertos fenómenos. Concluimos que, en esta segunda etapa, los relatos sobre la crisis pierden fuerza poniendo su atención en la recuperación de los indicadores macroeconómicos, incluso a pesar de la persistencia de una alta desigualdad social. La prensa no solo reduce significativamente la cantidad de noticias sobre el hambre, sino que re-semantiza su significado, asociándola con la malnutrición y la obesidad, y presentándola como un problema de salud derivado de la creciente precarización
Sobre la construcción de la soltería como elemento de resistencia en las mujeres de mitad del siglo XXI en la sociedad tradicional valenciana
Authors: Girona Magraner Maje
Published: October 2021

Ferrero, Raquel; Colomina, Clara. (2020). FADRINES. El procés de no casar-se en la societat tradicional valenciana. L’ETNO. Museu Valencià d’Etnologia. Diputació de València
Stakeholders’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practises towards Health Tourism Development in Zimbabwe.
Authors: Charity Mapingure , Walter Mamimine Patrick , Forbes Kabote , Kumbirai Mirimi , Margaret Nyarota
Published: October 2021

This research explored the feasibility of developing health tourism in Zimbabwe using knowledge levels, attitudes of stakeholders and current practises as barometers of the destination’s potential. Researchers conducted in-depth interviews with tourism experts, hoteliers and tour operators in Harare (capital city of Zimbabwe). The major findings of the study on knowledge, attitudes and practices were that knowledge level on health tourism was high among hoteliers and tourism experts, with tour operators exhibiting little knowledge. In terms of attitude, hoteliers were quite positive about the adoption of health tourism while tourism experts were pessimistic about health tourism’s potential to provide a return on investment. On current health tourism practises the study revealed that there were health packages offered by hotels to a limited extent and only as a requirement for their grading. Nevertheless, an overarching insight from the study was that development of health tourism was a possibility in Zimbabwe if marketed in tandem with existing `anchor’ attractions such as Victoria Falls and others of a similar international stature and appeal.
Foreign Aid and Poverty level in West African Countries: New evidence using a heterogeneous panel analysis
Authors: Philip Olofin Olabode
Published: October 2021

This paper re-examines the effects of different types of foreign aid on poverty level in 8 West African countries between 1975 and 2010 by employing both the first and second generation econometrics methods of panel unit root test, cointegration test and empirical estimators with heterogeneous slopes. Our results suggest that total foreign aid and food aid impact positively on poverty, while technical aid reduces poverty. Apart from total foreign aid, none of the results was statistically significant. The results show negative relationship among poverty, life expectancy, foreign direct investment, per capita GDP and financial depth, but they were not statistically significant. This suggests that their impacts on poverty in West Africa were minimal.
Rekabetten İş Birliğine: Türkiyenin 1991-2001 Yılları Arasındaki Orta Asya Politikası Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: YİĞİT Yegane , DURMUŞ Merve
Published: October 2021

Çalışma, Doğu Blokunun yıkılması ve SSCB’nin dağılmasıyla bölgesel güç aktörü haline gelmek isteyen Türkiye’nin, dış politikasında Türki Cumhuriyetlerle yakın ilişki tesis etmek amacıyla belirlediği stratejiler ile bu kapsamda izlediği yöntemleri değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Böylece çalışmanın başlıca amacı, Türkiye’nin, Soğuk Savaş’ın sona ermesinden sonra değişen bölgesel politikasını incelemek ve bu bağlamda Orta Asya Devletleri ile kurduğu siyasi, ekonomik ve kültürel ilişkileri incelemektir. Bu amaçla çalışma boyunca, Türkiye’nin Orta Asya’ya yönelik politikası iki süreç çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır. Öncelikle, Türkiye’nin bu devletlerin bağımsızlığını tanıyan ilk ülke olarak, herhangi net bir çizgi belirlemeden, coğrafyayı incelemeden, yani hazırlıksız bir şekilde bölgede bir model (daha doğrusu “lider”) olma çabasına giriştiği ve Rusya Federasyonu’nu göz ardı ederek bölgedeki Rus etkisini kırmaya yönelik aktif bir politika izlediği 1991-1995 yılları arası dönem ele alınmıştır. İkinci olarak ise, Türkiye’nin, hem kendi gücünü, hem de bölgesel gerçekleri daha iyi tahlil eden, Rusya’yı dışlamayan, gerçekçi, dengeli ve karşılıklı işbirliğine dayalı politikalar üretmeye başladığı 1995’ten 2001 yılına kadar olan dönem incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye’nin, hatalarından pay çıkararak, daha gerçekçi politikalar ürettiği ve bu doğrultuda Orta Asya’yla ilişkilerinde “ağabeylikten kardeşliğe”, “patronluktan ortaklığa” yumuşak bir geçiş süreci sağlama yoluna gittiği görülmüştür.
PANDAS: behov for nasjonale retningslinjer
Authors: Berger Matilla Færevåg , Aarli Ånen , Griffiths Silja Torvik
Published: October 2021

Background: Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) was introduced in 1998. The hypothesis that acute tics and/or symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) might be triggered by streptococcal infection lacks scientific support. Patients are seen by several specialists, and treatment depends on knowledge and acceptance of the condition. This article provides an overview of literature investigating proposed treatments.

Method: We performed a literature search in PubMed and Cochrane Library between 1 June 2019 and 17 July 2021.

Results: 14 reviews were included. Suggested treatments comprised psychiatric treatment, antibiotics, tonsillectomy and immune modulating therapy. Recommendations were largely based on case reports and uncontrolled studies.

Conclusion: Few studies have been conducted on PANDAS treatment, and none were evidence-based. Cooperation between different professions and establishment of national guidelines on how to approach these children are crucial.

Keywords: PANDAS, post-infectious autoimmunity, neuropsychiatry, interdisciplinary

Fagfellvurdert
Study of Brain Radio Signals Using Bispectral Analysis
Authors: Hovhannisyan B. A.
Published: October 2021

Using a special sensor (probe antenna-applicator), radio signals emitted by the human brain are recorded. The changes of different parameters are investigated while studying different physical and emotional states of people. The studies are carried out using spectral and bispectral analysis in the LabVIEW environment. It is shown that in a stressful state the bispectrum of the brain’s radio signal is significantly enriched, and many phase coupled spectral components appear. They undergo changes in their amplitude and frequency. The results of these studies may be useful for understanding the nature and identification of fast processes in the human brain.
Teachers mindset during COVID-19
Authors:   JRF research scholar, Department of Education, Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith, Varanasi, Uttarpradesh, India, Corresponding Author: dipra27sep@gmail.com, Bharati Dipra , Pandey Prof. Arvind Kumar ,   Professor,  Department of Education, Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith, Varanasi, Uttarpradesh, India
Published: October 2021

*; ** *; ** Teacher’s mindset is an important aspect in terms of teaching and learning. The teacher’s efficiency and effectiveness depends a lot on their mindset towards profession, students, environment etc. The pandemic has affected the teacher’s mindset, their emotional status, education of students and newly blooming buds of our nation. Instead it hitted the entire sector badly. The use of digital platforms, social media apps are helpful but had its own disadvantages for unprofessional users and students as they got diverted from their main motive. So, progressive mindset is very important to develop during pandemic. During COVID excessive exposer also increases the cyber issues for teachers and parents. It had been the great responsibility of teachers to convert this threat into opportunity through proper guidance. So, the article is focused to improve the teacher’s mindset for the betterment of learners and learning process.
conflict between tradition and modernity in Amitav Ghosh’s ‘The Shadow lines’
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of English, Career Point University, mona.87.parineeta@gmail.com Kota, Rajasthan, India, Beniwal Mona , Raj Purohit Dr. Anshu
Published: October 2021

The novel presents a variety of characters, each has his own journey. Since the novel puts forth the time of partition (Indo- Bangladesh) and time after it, characters can be seen with traits which are both traditional and modern. It is due to their upbringing and values that their mind has certain inclinations. Because of her traditional values Thamma shows repulsion towards Ila and Tridib. The later ones on the other hand has their own personal set of beliefs to live their lives. Such disparity in thoughts gives a hint of clashes between them in many parts of the novel. However, even the traditional characters carry a spirit of freedom and modernity within them. Also modern characters have an urge to cling to their roots too.
The Allure of the Disgusting
Authors: Magada-Ward Mary
Published: October 2021

What is missing from the many contemporary social scientific accounts that aim to explain our moral and political judgments by reference to our capacity to experience disgust is any acknowledgment of our fascination with disgusting objects. For this reason, Magada-Ward argues that disgust must be understood as fundamentally an aesthetic conception. In order to demonstrate this, the author explores the disturbing and very funny sculptures of Rona Pondick. This exploration shows that disgust is seldom a reliable indicator of political or moral wrongdoing but instead reveals both the contingent nature of our brute reactions and our inescapable vulnerability as embodied creatures.
Fearing Animals
Authors: Craig Megan
Published: October 2021

This article explores nonpathological fear in relation to nonhuman animal encounters in the wild. Critiquing a contemporary, philosophical romance with animal life, Craig turns to Cora Diamond to consider alternative styles of thinking and writing about animals and experiences that defy ready-made paradigms. Diamond diagnoses the tendency for philosophers to deflect from reality. The author follows Diamond in seeking methods to forestall or delay deflection in favor of an open-ended examination of the ways that fear, imagination, and childhood memories inform the sense of oneself as an animal in relation to other animals.
Bullied: The Story of an Abuse
Authors: Alexander Jonathan
Published: October 2021

What happens when the defining moment of your life might be a figment of your imagination? How do you understand — and live with — definitive feelings of having been abused when the origin of those feelings won’t adhere to a singular event but are rather diffused across years of experience? In Bullied: The Story of an Abuse, Jonathan Alexander meditates on how, as a young man, he struggled with the realization that the story he’d been telling himself about being abused by a favorite uncle as a child might actually just have been a “story” — a story he told himself and others to justify both his lifelong struggle with anxiety and to explain his attraction to other men. Story though it was, Alexander maintains that some form of abuse did occur. In writing that is at turns reflective, analytic, and hallucinatory, Alexander traces what it means to suffer homophobic abuse when such is diffused across multiple actors and locales, implicating a family, a school, a culture, and a politics — as opposed to a singular individual who just happened to be the only openly gay man in young Alexander’s life. Along the way, Alexander reflects on Jussie Smollett, drug abuse, MAGA-capped boys, sadomasochism, Catholic priests, cruising, teaching young adult fiction about rape, and a host of other oddly but intimately related topics.