bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved in situ spring constant calibration for colloidal probe atomic force microscopy
Authors: McBride Sean P. , Law Bruce M.
Published: November 2010

In colloidal probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) surface forces cannot be measured without an accurate determination of the cantilever spring constant. The effective spring constant k depends upon the cantilever geometry and therefore should be measured in situ; additionally, k may be coupled to other measurement parameters. For example, colloidal probe AFM is frequently used to measure the slip length b at solid/liquid boundaries by comparing the measured hydrodynamic force with Vinogradova slip theory (V-theory). However, in this measurement k and b are coupled, hence, b cannot be accurately determined without knowing k to high precision. In this paper, a new in situ spring constant calibration method based upon the residuals, namely, the difference between experimental force-distance data and V-theory is presented and contrasted with two other popular spring constant determination methods. In this residuals calibration method, V-theory is fitted to the experimental force-distance data for a range of systematically varied spring constants where the only adjustable parameter in V-theory is the slip length b. The optimal spring constant k is that value where the residuals are symmetrically displaced about zero for all colloidal probe separations. This residual spring constant calibration method is demonstrated by studying three different liquids (n-decanol, n-hexadecane, and n-octane) and two different silane coated colloidal probe-silicon wafer systems (n-hexadecyltrichlorosilane and n-dodecyltrichlorosilane).
Charge injection from gate electrode by simultaneous stress of optical and electrical biases in HfInZnO amorphous oxide thin film transistor
Authors: Kwon Dae Woong , Kim Jang Hyun , Chang Ji Soo , Kim Sang Wan , Sun Min-Chul , Kim Garam , Kim Hyun Woo , Park Jae Chul , Song Ihun , Kim Chang Jung , Jung U In , Park Byung-Gook
Published: November 2010

A comprehensive study is done regarding stabilities under simultaneous stress of light and dc-bias in amorphous hafnium-indium-zinc-oxide thin film transistors. The positive threshold voltage (Vth) shift is observed after negative gate bias and light stress, and it is completely different from widely accepted phenomenon which explains that negative-bias stress results in Vth shift in the left direction by bias-induced hole-trapping. Gate current measurement is performed to explain the unusual positive Vth shift under simultaneous application of light and negative gate bias. As a result, it is clearly found that the positive Vth shift is derived from electron injection from gate electrode to gate insulator.
Genetically encoded dendritic marker sheds light on neuronal connectivity inDrosophila
Authors: Nicolaï Laura J. J. , Ramaekers Ariane , Raemaekers Tim , Drozdzecki Andrzej , Mauss Alex S. , Yan Jiekun , Landgraf Matthias , Annaert Wim , Hassan Bassem A.
Published: November 2010

In recent years,Drosophila melanogasterhas emerged as a powerful model for neuronal circuit development, pathology, and function. A major impediment to these studies has been the lack of a genetically encoded, specific, universal, and phenotypically neutral marker of the somatodendritic compartment. We have developed such a marker and show that it is effective and specific in all neuronal populations tested in the peripheral and central nervous system. The marker, which we name DenMark (DendriticMarker), is a hybrid protein of the mouse protein ICAM5/Telencephalin and the red fluorescent protein mCherry. We show that DenMark is a powerful tool for revealing novel aspects of the neuroanatomy of developing dendrites, identifying previously unknown dendritic arbors, and elucidating neuronal connectivity.
Gender-specific constructions of the ‘other religion’ in French and Austrian discourse on Turkey’s accession to the European Union
Authors: Bischof Karin , Oberhuber Florian , Stögner Karin
Published: November 2010

This article presents results from a qualitative analysis of religious and gender-specific ‘othering’ in Austrian and French media discourse on Turkey’s accession to the EU (2004–2006). A typology of arguments justifying inclusion and exclusion of Turkey from Europe or the EU is presented, and gender-specific othering is placed in the context of differing national discourses about Europe and diverging visions of secularisation and citizenship. Secondly, various topoi of orientalism are reconstructed which play a crucial role in both national corpora, and it is shown how various historically shaped discourses of alterity intersect and produce gendered images of cultural and religious otherness.
DNA vaccination targeting macrophage migration inhibitory factor prevents murine experimental colitis
Authors: Ohkawara T , Koyama Y , Onodera S , Takeda H , Kato M , Asaka M , Nishihira J
Published: November 2010

Previous studies have shown that neutralization of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) by anti-MIF antibody reduces intestinal inflammation in mice. In this study we tested whether or not anti-MIF autoantibody induced by DNA vaccine targeting MIF protects mice against experimental colitis. Mice were administered a MIF-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) vaccine by introducing oligonucleotides encoding helper T epitope into the cDNA sequence of murine MIF by in vivo electroporation. Preventive effects of this method against dextran sulphate sodium-induced (DSS) colitis were evaluated. Mice administered with MIF-DNA vaccine raised values of autoantibody significantly. The clinical and histological findings of colitis induced by 3·0% DSS solution were ameliorated significantly in mice treated with MIF-DNA vaccine compared with saline or pCAGGS-treated mice given DSS. Myeloperoxidase activity, infiltration of F4/80-positive staining cells and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines were suppressed in the colon of MIF-DNA vaccine treated mice compared with saline or pCAGGS-treated mice exposed to DSS. Our results suggest that immunization with helper T epitope DNA-vaccine targeting MIF may be a useful approach for the treatment of colitis including inflammatory bowel diseases.
Reliability and validity of the Assessment of Quality of Life in Asthma Patients (QLQ‐Asthma) in a sample of adult asthmatic patients in Turkey
Authors: Bektas Hicran Aydin , Keser İlkay Kayacan
Published: November 2010

Aims and objectives.  The aims of this study were to translate the 20‐item Questionnaire for the Assessment of Quality of Life in Asthma Patients (QLQ‐Asthma) into Turkish and to assess the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Assessment of Quality of Life in Asthma Patients among Turkish adult asthmatic patients in Turkey.

Background.  Asthma can adversely affect the physical, psychological and social domains of health‐related quality of life. The Assessment of Quality of Life in Asthma Patients is a widely used instrument to measure quality of life in asthma patients. The Assessment of Quality of Life in Asthma Patients has not been validated in Turkey.

Design.  Methodological research design.

Methods.  This study describes the translation process of Assessment of Quality of Life in Asthma Patients into Turkish and tests its reliability and validity on quality of life in asthma patients. The study group was composed of 105 stable adult asthmatic patients. The questionnaire was translated using a back‐translation technique. The statistical analysis was carried out using Cronbach’s alpha to test the internal consistency of the Assessment of Quality of Life in Asthma Patients scale while exploratory factor analysis was carried out using principal component analysis with varimax rotation and Kaiser Normalisation to test its construct validity.

Results.  The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient reliability for the total scale was 0·84, and internal consistency reliability was in the acceptable range for this instrument. Results indicated that respondents did not have difficulty answering the questions in the Assessment of Quality of Life in Asthma Patients. Factor analysis resulted in five‐factor structure: physical activities, role activities, emotions, social activities and health perceptions.

Conclusions.  The Turkish version of the Assessment of Quality of Life in Asthma Patients is a reliable and valid supplementary measure of the quality of life in asthma patients, and it is a useful outcome measurement tool for clinical trials conducted in Turkey.

Relevance of clinical practice.  The Assessment of Quality of Life in Asthma Patients scale is simple to administer, and Turkish researchers and health care providers can use the Assessment of Quality of Life in Asthma Patients to assess the asthma patients quality of life.
Gastrointestinal manometry findings in a case with dilated small bowel and disturbed transit treated successfully with bowel plication
Authors: TAKAHASHI A. , TOMOMASA T. , SUZUKI N. , KUROIWA M. , IKEDA H. , TABATA M. , MATSUYAMA S.
Published: November 2010

Abstract We report the manometric findings in a case of dilated small bowel and disturbed transit successfully treated with plication of the dilated small bowel. The female newborn infant required total parenteral nutrition following an operation for small bowel atresia. X‐ray showed a dilated proximal small bowel. Jejunal manometry showed normal phase 3 migration but persistently low‐amplitude contractions in the dilated segment. After plication of the dilated intestine, symptoms of bowel obstruction disappeared. A second manometry two weeks after the operation showed contractions with normal amplitude. These findings indicate that: (1) disturbed transit in the dilated intestine proximal to small intestinal atresia is associated with persistently low contraction amplitude, and (2) the amplitude can be increased by the plication of the dilated loop.
Gallbladder motility in vitro in men with gallstones following Billroth II gastric resection
Authors: Maselli Maria Antonietta , PEZZOLLA F. , PIEPOLI A. L. , CARUSO M. L. , LORUSSO D.
Published: November 2010

Abstract Gastric surgery induces an increased incidence of gallstones. To investigate the changes in gallbladder kinetics after gastric resection, 20 male patients were studied: ten patients undergoing cholecystectomy for gallstones developed after Billroth II gastric resection and ten patients undergoing cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis without previous abdominal surgery. Longitudinal strips from the gallbladder wall were suspended in an organ bath and the isometric tension recorded. Dose‐response curves to cholecystokinin‐octapeptide and carbachol were obtained. Half the maximal response to cholecystokinin‐octapeptide was 0.50 ± 0.11 times 10−7 M in the first group and 1.36 ± 0.37 times 10−7 m in the second group (P < 0.05). The ED50 to carbachol was 24.33 ± 2.69 times 10−7 M in the gastrectomy group and 40.39 ± 5.01 times 10−7 M in the control group (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the maximal contractile response either to cholecystokinin‐octapeptide or carbachol in the two groups. Our study shows an increased gallbladder sensitivity to cholecystokinin‐octapeptide and carbachol in patients with gallstones developed after Billroth II gastric resection.
Partial Synchronization of Carrot Cell Culture by Auxin Deprivation
Authors: NISHI ARASUKE , KATO KENJI , TAKAHASHI MASAO , YOSHIDA RYUJI
Published: November 2010

A strain of carrot cells (Daucus carota cv. Kintoki) grew exponentially in the presence of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D, 1 mg/1) with a doubling time of about 2 days. When those cells were transferred to a medium lacking 2,4‐D, they continued to grow at almost the same rate for about a week. When the cells were again transferred to the auxin‐free medium, the rate of cell division gradually decreased. After the cell division had ceased, cells were returned to the ordinary 2,4‐D medium. A burst of cell divisions occurred after about 2 days. Timing of DNA synthesis and of mitosis suggested that the cells had been arrested at G1 phase. In a medium containing indoleacetic acid instead of 2,4‐D, the auxin was rapidly degraded and the culture was similarly synchronized as in the auxin‐omitted medium.
Accuracy of the Kattan nomogram across prostate cancer risk‐groups
Authors: Korets Ruslan , Motamedinia Piruz , Yeshchina Olga , Desai Manisha , McKiernan James M.
Published: November 2010

Study Type – Diagnostic (exploratory cohort)  Level of Evidence 2b

What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?

The Kattan nomogram is one of the most commonly used preoperative prediction tools for estimating individualized risk of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. However, little is known about this nomogram’s accuracy for patients at the extremes of the risk spectra, as only a small fraction of such patients comprised the cohort used in its development. We examined the accuracy of the Kattan nomogram across various risk groups, and confirmed its ability to accurately estimate risk of recurrence, even for patients with high and low‐risk prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE

• To investigate the predictive ability of nomograms at the extremes of preoperative clinical parameters by examining the predictive ability across all prostate cancer risk groups.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

• The Columbia University Urologic Oncology Database was reviewed: 3663 patients underwent radical prostatectomy from 1988 to 2008. Patients who had received neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy, or had insufficient clinical parameters for estimation of 5‐year progression‐free probability using the preoperative Kattan nomogram were excluded.

• A total of 1877 patients were included and stratified by D’Amico risk criteria. Mean estimated nomogram progression rates were compared with actuarial Kaplan–Meier survival statistics.

• A regression model to predict progression‐free survival was fitted with estimated nomogram score and concordance indices were calculated for the entire model and subsequently for each risk group.

RESULTS

• Of 1877 patients, 857 (45.6%) were low risk, 704 (37.5%) were intermediate risk, and 316 (16.8%) were high risk by D’Amico criteria.

• Mean estimated nomogram survival and actuarial Kaplan–Meier survival at 5 years were 90.5% and 92.2% (95% CI 89.2–94.3) for low‐risk, 76.7% and 77.8% (73.3–81.7) for intermediate‐risk, and 65.8% and 60.4% (52.0–67.7) for high‐risk groups, respectively. Using nomogram score in the regression model, the c‐index for the full model was 0.61.

• For low‐, intermediate‐ and high‐risk patients independently the c‐index was 0.60, 0.59 and 0.57, respectively. When low‐, intermediate‐ and high‐risk patients were independently removed from the model the c‐index was 0.64, 0.65 and 0.55, respectively.

• The c‐index for the full model using the categorical nomogram risk scores was 0.67. Similar to the D’Amico model, the c‐index improved to 0.69 when intermediate‐risk patients were removed from the model.

CONCLUSIONS

• The study confirms the ability of preoperative nomograms to accurately predict actuarial survival across all risk groups.

• The predictive ability of the nomogram varies by risk group, yet even at the extremes of high‐risk and low‐risk prostate cancer the nomogram accurately predicts outcome.
Pathological characterization of unifocal prostate cancers in whole‐mount radical prostatectomy specimens
Authors: Masterson Timothy A. , Cheng Liang , Koch Michael O.
Published: November 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series)  Level of Evidence 4

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?

Focality in prostate cancer has been characterized in the literature with regards to its incidence at the time of prostatectomy, but conflicting reports defining the biological significance of unifocal lesions limits its clinical utility. Through the detailed histopathological characterization of 176 unifocal prostate cancers, this study revealed these tumours to demonstrate intermediate or high grade disease in half of patients, with adverse pathological features such as extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion, lymph node invasion, and large tumour volume in a third. This limits the ability of focality alone to identify patients who might be suitable candidates for lesion‐ablative therapies.

OBJECTIVE

To characterize the anatomical distribution and pathological features of unifocal cancers, which have been reported to occur in 17–33% of men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP), in whole‐ mount prostatectomy specimens.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Between 1999 and 2008, a retrospective review of 1274 patients undergoing RP for clinically localized prostate cancer with pathological evaluation using whole‐mount sectioning techniques and tumour mapping was performed from our prospective database.

The study cohort comprised those patients who were found to have unifocal tumours.

RESULTS

A total of 176 (14%) patients fulfilled our criteria for having unifocal tumours. The median age at time of surgery was 61 years. The mean preoperative PSA level was 8.6 ng/mL.

In all, 28% of patients were identified as having extracapsular extension (ECE) and 11% had seminal vesicle invasion (SVI).

Of 98 patients undergoing pelvic lymph dissection, six (6%) had positive lymph nodes; 49% of tumours had Gleason score ≥7 and 60% had Gleason pattern 4 or 5 found within the tumour.

Mean tumour volume and maximum diameter were 3.3 mL and 1.7 cm, respectively. Overall, 89 (51%) tumours qualified as localized, organ‐confined and low‐grade cancers, possibly amenable to focal ablative approaches.

The limitations of the present study include its descriptive and retrospective nature.

CONCLUSIONS

While unifocal prostate cancers were most commonly localized to the prostate, half of these patients were associated with intermediate‐ or high‐grade disease.

High‐risk features including ECE, SVI, lymph node invasion (LNI), and large tumour volume were identified in a third of patients.

Further studies assessing predictors beyond focality will be needed to determine whether patients can be identified before surgery who might be suitable candidates for lesion‐ablative therapies.
Home–school partnership and the construction of deviance: being and becoming the Goldfish family
Authors: Watson Cate
Published: November 2010

Partnership between home and school is a key aspect of current educational policy. At the level of policy of the notion of partnership is constructed unproblematically as smooth consensus, but this may not be the way it plays out in school where deeply rooted assumptions surrounding parenthood – and in particular motherhood – may pertain. This paper is concerned with home–school relations and the way in which schools construct deviance and attribute stigma. It is an analysis of a narrative written by a parent of a child diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. It explores Jenny's narrative concerning the events surrounding the diagnosis, in particular the part played by the school in this process, and the descent of a family from normality into madness. The paper begins with the attribution of deviance, the development of stigma and the birth of the Goldfish family. It then goes on to present three Hogarthian scenes documenting the family's progress, and examines the peculiar convergence of social pressures which result in madness, before drawing some conclusions concerning the construction of deviance and the role of the school in this.
Macroeconomic Conditions and the Puzzles of Credit Spreads and Capital Structure
Authors: CHEN HUI
Published: November 2010

I build a dynamic capital structure model that demonstrates how business cycle variation in expected growth rates, economic uncertainty, and risk premia influences firms' financing policies. Countercyclical fluctuations in risk prices, default probabilities, and default losses arise endogenously through firms' responses to macroeconomic conditions. These comovements generate large credit risk premia for investment grade firms, which helps address the credit spread puzzle and the under‐leverage puzzle in a unified framework. The model generates interesting dynamics for financing and defaults, including market timing in debt issuance and credit contagion. It also provides a novel procedure to estimate state‐dependent default losses.
Market power and rents in global supply chains
Authors: Swinnen Johan F.M. , Vandeplas Anneleen
Published: November 2010

Market power and competition policy in food supply chains has emerged as an important economic issue in economics, and a highly sensitive item on the policy agenda. Consolidation is taking place in the food industry, both in high‐income countries and in emerging economies, but the impact of concentration in global food chains on efficiency and rent distribution is more nuanced and complex than often claimed. We review the literature and extend it by developing a model which explicitly takes into account market imperfections and contract enforcement problems in supply chains. Increased competition benefits farms by improving contract conditions, but contract enforcement becomes more complicated.
Bone physiology and therapeutics in chronic critical illness
Authors: Via Michael A. , Gallagher Emily Jane , Mechanick Jeffrey I.
Published: November 2010

Modern medical practices allow patients to survive acute insults and be sustained by machinery and medicines for extended periods of time. We define chronic critical illness as a later stage of prolonged critical illness that requires tracheotomy. These patients have persistent elevations of inflammatory cytokines, diminished hypothalamic–pituitary function, hypercatabolism, immobilization, and malnutrition. The measurement of bone turnover markers reveals markedly enhanced osteoclastic bone resorption that is uncoupled from osteoblastic bone formation. We review the mechanisms by which these factors contribute to the metabolic bone disease of chronic critical illness and suggest potential therapeutics.
Middle Grades: Misconceptions in Statistical Thinking
Authors: Capraro Mary Margaret , Kulm Gerald , Capraro Robert M.
Published: November 2010

A sample of 134 sixth‐grade students who were using the Connected Mathematics curriculum were administered an open‐ended item entitled, Vet Club (Balanced Assessment, 2000). This paper explores the role of misconceptions and naïve conceptions in the acquisition of statistical thinking for middle grades students. Students exhibited misconceptions and naïve conceptions regarding representing data graphically, interpreting the meaning of typicality, and plotting 0 above the x‐axis.
Retention of Sulfate in Savannah River Site High‐Level Radioactive Waste Glass
Authors: Billings Amanda L. , Fox Kevin M.
Published: November 2010

High‐level radioactive wastes are being vitrified at the Savannah River Site for disposal. Many of the wastes contain sulfate at concentrations that can be difficult to retain in borosilicate glass. This study involves efforts to optimize the composition of a glass frit for combination with the waste to improve sulfate retention while meeting other process and product performance constraints. The fabrication and characterization of several series of simulated waste glasses are described. The experiments are detailed chronologically, to provide insight into part of the engineering studies used in developing frit compositions for an operating high‐level waste vitrification facility. The results lead to the recommendation of a specific frit composition and a concentration limit for sulfate in the glass for the next batch of sludge to be processed at Savannah River.
Antibacterial activity of polysaccharide gel extract from fruit rinds of Durio zibethinus Murr. against oral pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Thunyakipisal Pasutha , Saladyanant Thatsanee , Hongprasong Naulchavee , Pongsamart Sunanta , Apinhasmit Wandee
Published: November 2010

Aim:  The polysaccharide gel (PG) extract from durian fruit rinds (Durio zibethinus Murr. “Monthong”) is a pectic polysaccharide with antibacterial activity. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro antibacterial activity of PG against oral pathogens, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans).

Methods:  The inhibitory activity of PG at 50, 100, and 150 mg/mL against S. mutans (American Tissue Culture Collection 25175) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (American Tissue Culture Collection 43718) was determined after 1‐ and 5‐min exposure by broth macrodilution susceptibility test and scanning electron microscopy. Normal saline or culture broth medium and 0.1% chlorhexidine were used as negative and positive controls, respectively.

Results:  For 1‐min exposure, 150 mg/mL PG or 0.1% chlorhexidine significantly possessed bactericidal activity against both tested bacteria (P = 0.037), while PG at 100 mg/mL possessed significant bactericidal activity against S. mutans (P = 0.037) and inhibitory activity against A. actinomycetemcomitans (P = 0.05). Blebs, irregular‐shaped cells, and disrupted cells were found in bacteria treated with either 0.1% chlorhexidine or 50–150 mg/mL PG under scanning electron microscopy.

Conclusion:  The bactericidal activity of PG at 150 mg/mL against oral bacteria at 1‐min exposure suggests its possibility to be used as a natural antibacterial ingredient in oral hygiene products.
Experimental Study on Dynamic Response and Shock Damage of Cylindrical Shell Structures Subjected to Underwater Explosion
Authors: Li Liang-Jun , Jiang Wei-Kang , Ai Yan-Hui
Published: November 2010

This study investigates the dynamic linear, nonlinear responses, and shock damage of two kinds of submerged cylindrical shell models exposed to underwater spherical trinitrotoluene (TNT) charge explosions in a circular lake. Two endplates and a middle plate are mounted on the cylindrical shells to provide support and create two enclosed spaces. The two kinds of cylindrical shell models are unfilled and main hull sand-filled, respectively. Fifteen different tests are carried out according to changing the TNT explosive weights of 1 kg and 2 kg, standoff distances ranging from 3 m to 0.3 m, and two explosion positions, and the measured experimental results are compared with each other. Detailed discussions on the experimental results show that the dynamic responses and damage modes are much different, and the main hull sand-filled cylindrical shell is more difficult to be damaged by the shock wave loading than the unfilled model. The edge cracks are mainly observed at the instrument hull of the main hull sand-filled model, but surface tearing and cracks take place both on the main and instrumental hulls of the unfilled model, respectively.
The Influence of Different Scenarios of Supply Ship Collision on the Dynamic Response of a North-Sea Jacket-Pile-Soil System
Authors: Emami Azadi M. R.
Published: November 2010

In the present study, the influence of various scenarios of supply ship collisions, namely, bow, stern, and also broad-side impacts on a jacket-pile-soil system, is investigated. In the previous study of ship impact on an eight-leg North-Sea jacket platform by Amdahl and other authors, the effect of jacket-pile-soil interaction was not considered. The collision points on the jacket structure are also taken as joints and midspan of leg, horizontal and vertical braces, namely, hard and soft impact points. The speed and the weight of the colliding vessel are also varied for typical supply vessels. Several supply ship collision analyses are carried out for bow, stern and broad-side impact scenarios on an eight-leg North-Sea jacket platform. It is observed that by taking into account the jacket-pile-soil interaction effects, particularly in softer clayey soils, the amplitude of displacement response after the supply ship impact at the deck level is increased due to yield in the upper soil layers. Contrary to this finding, less linear dynamic effects can be seen in the studied jacket-pile-soil system subjected to the supply ship impact. It can also be concluded that for a soft impact scenario, the dynamic effects in the global response of the platform located in the mainly over-consolidated (OC) clayey soil may be much less than those for a hard impact scenario on the same platform. For instance, for a brace impact at its midspan, a less significant dynamic effect has been observed than for a leg impact. The duration of impact in such cases is shown to play an important role in determining the dynamic influence of the platform response. The relative energy absorption of the platform is shown to be more for broad-side loading. It is shown that the global response of the jacket platform during the collision with a supply vessel might depend largely on the scenario of the impact and, to some extent, on the pile-soil behavior. It is found that for the bow and stern impact scenarios, the energy contribution of the local member dent or buckling might be more significant than that for the broad-side loading for which the global frame energy contribution and the overall inertia effect of the platform might be a dominant factor.
Sexual rights and disability
Authors: Di Nucci Ezio
Published: November 2010

This paper argues against Appel's recent proposal—in this journal—that there is a fundamental human right to sexual pleasure, and that therefore the sexual pleasure of severely disabled people should be publicly funded—by thereby partially legalising prostitution. An alternative is proposed that does not need to pose a new positive human right; does not need public funding; does not need the legalisation of prostitution; and that would offer a better experience to the severely disabled: charitable non-profit organisations whose members would voluntarily and freely provide sexual pleasure to the severely disabled.
STRUCTURAL PHASE TRANSITIONS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OFOsO2UNDER HIGH PRESSURE
Authors: LIANG YONGCHENG , LI ANHU , SONG QIUHONG
Published: November 2010

The structural phase transitions, mechanical properties and electronic structures of OsO2under high pressure are systemically investigated by the first-principles plane-wave basis pseudopotential calculations. The possible pressure-induced transition sequence in OsO2may be the rutile, pyrite and fluorite phases, and the stable CaCl2structure is not found. The fluorite phase has high bulk modulus (355.3 GPa), large shear modulus G (267.9 GPa), and huge elastic constant C44(292.7 GPa), and consequently is an excellent candidate of superhard materials. Crystal structures, valence electron densities, band structures, DOS and PDOS of the rutile, pyrite and fluorite phases of OsO2have also been carefully analyzed to elucidate their mechanical properties.
SIP-based context distribution
Authors: Devlic Alisa
Published: November 2010

Context-aware applications need quickly access to current context information, in order to adapt their behavior before this context changes. To achieve this, the context distribution mechanism has to timely discover context sources that can provide a particular context type, then acquire and distribute context information from these sources to the applications that requested this type of information. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art context distribution mechanisms according to identified requirements, then introduces a resource list-based subscription/notification mechanism for context sharing. This SIP-based mechanism enables subscriptions to a resource list containing URIs of multiple context sources that can provide the same context type and delivery of aggregated notifications containing context updates from each of these sources. Aggregation of context is thought to be important as it reduces the network traffic between entities involved in context distribution. However, it introduces an additional delay due to waiting for context updates and their aggregation. To investigate if this aggregation actually pays off, we measured and compared the time needed by an application to receive context updates after subscribing to a particular resource list (using RLS) versus after subscribing to each of the individual context sources (using SIMPLE) for different numbers of context sources. Our results show that RLS aggregation outperforms the SIMPLE presence mechanism with 3 or more context sources, regardless of their context updates size. Database performance was identified as a major bottleneck during aggregation, hence we used in-memory tables & prepared statements, leading to up to 57% database time improvement, resulting in a reduction of the aggregation time by up to 34%. With this reduction and an increase in context size, we pushed the aggregation payoff threshold closer to 2 context sources.
The tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer: stromal TLR-4 expression as a potential prognostic marker
Authors: Cammarota Rosaria , Bertolini Valentina , Pennesi Giuseppina , Bucci Eraldo O , Gottardi Ornella , Garlanda Cecilia , Laghi Luigi , Barberis Massimo C , Sessa Fausto , Noonan Douglas M , Albini Adriana
Published: November 2010

Background

Colorectal cancer can be efficiently treated when found at early stages, thus the search for novel markers is of paramount importance. Since inflammation is associated with cancer progression and angiogenesis, we investigated expression of cytokines like IL-6 and other mediators that play a key role in the innate immune system, in particular toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), in the microenvironment of lesions from different stages of colon disease progression, from ulcerative colitis to adenoma and adenocarcinoma to find useful markers.

Methods

The presence of inflammatory cells and expression of key cytokines involved in the inflammation process were quantified by immunohistochemistry in specific tissue compartments (epithelial, stromal, endothelial) by immunohistochemistry. A murine azoxymethane/dextran sulfate model in which Tir8, a negative regulator of the inflammatory response, was ablated was used to confirm the clinical observations. 116 Archival tissue samples from patients with different stages of colorectal disease: 13 cases of ulcerative colitis (UC), 34 tubular or tubulo-villous adenomas (AD), and 53 infiltrating adenocarcinomas. 16 specimens of healthy mucosa surgically removed with the cancerous tissue were used as a control.

Results

The differences between healthy tissues and the diverse lesions was characterized by a marked inflammatory-angiogenic reaction, with significantly (P < 0.05) higher numbers of CD68, CD15, and CD31 expressing cells in all diseased tissues that correlated with increasing grade of malignancy. We noted down-regulation of a potential modulator molecule, Hepatocyte Growth Factor, in all diseased tissues (P < 0.05). TLR-4 and IL6 expression in the tumor microenvironment were associated with adenocarcinoma in human samples and in the murine model. We found that adenocarcinoma patients (pT1-4) with higher TLR-4 expression in stromal compartment had a significantly increased risk in disease progression. In those patients with a diagnosis of pT3 (33 cases) colon cancer, those with very high levels of TLR-4 in the tumor stroma relapsed significantly earlier than those with lower expression levels.

Conclusions

These data suggest that high TLR-4 expression in the tumor microenvironment represents a possible marker of disease progression in colon cancer.
Influence of amount and percentage of CXCR4‐using virus in predicting week 48 responses to maraviroc in treatment‐naïve patients
Authors: Valdez H , Chapman D , Biswai P , Lewis M , Craig C , Heera J , Ellery S , Swenson LC , Harrigan PR
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Treatment as prevention within the framework of current guidelines
Authors: Montaner J
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Test and treat — community perspectives
Authors: Spire B
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
HIV therapy in an ageing population — the challenge of polypharmacy
Authors: Back DJ
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Cardiovascular risk assessment in persons with HIV in the developing world: comparing three risk equations in a cohort of HIV‐infected Thais
Authors: Edwards‐Jackson N , Kerr SJ , Tieu HV , Ananworanich J , Hammer SM , Ruxrungtham K , Phanuphak P , Avihingsanon A
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
HIV entry blocked by maraviroc can cause an overestimation of viral load
Authors: Sloan RD , Kuhl BD , Kramer VG , Donahue DA , Bar‐Magen T , Tressler R , Wainberg MA
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
The EuResist expert model for customised HAART optimisation: 2010 update and extension to newest compounds
Authors: Pironti A , Sönnerborg A , Zazzi M , Kaiser R , Struck D , Clotet B , Vandamme ÀM , Incardona F , Lengauer T , Rosen‐Zvi M , Prosperi M
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Rates of bone fractures in a cohort of HIV‐infected adults in the UK
Authors: Samarawickrama A , Malik R , Fisher M , Gilleece Y , Walker‐Bone K
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Sexual dysfunction and anxiety in HIV‐1‐infected males in Eastern Sicily
Authors: Celesia BM , Coco C , Bisicchia F , Pellicanò G , Mughini MT , Palermo F , Nunnari G , Russo R
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Clinical application of genotypic co‐receptor tropism testing from viral RNA and proviral DNA: week 24 analysis of the Berlin maraviroc cohort
Authors: Obermeier MJ , Carganico A , Dupke S , Schranz D , Cordes C , Freiwald M , Klausen G , Köppe S , Schuler C , Mayr C , Schleehauf D , Berg T , Krznaric I , Baumgarten A
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Pro‐viral DNA and antiretroviral treatment simplification
Authors: Zucman D , Rouzioux C , Avettand‐Fenoel V
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Audit of outcomes of early initiation of antiretroviral therapy in children admitted to the paediatric wards at Kilifi district hospital, Kenya
Authors: Nabwera HM , Mwaringa S , Kimutai R , Berkley JA
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Impact of timing HAART initiation on immune status and clinical course in the cohort of the German competence network for HIV/AIDS
Authors: Plettenberg A , Brockmeyer NH , Haastert B , Dupke S , Schewe CK , Rausch M , Hower M , Arendt G , Jansen K , KompNet HIV
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Pregnancy decisions and contraceptive use among HIV‐positive women: a study in a large urban clinic in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Walusimbi J , Birabwa E , Nabankema E , AnneMarie A , Lutalo I , Nakiwooga A
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Herb‐drug interaction between Echinacea purpurea and darunavir/ritonavir in HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Moltó J , Valle M , Miranda C , Cedeño S , Negredo E , Barbanoj MJ , Clotet B
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Epidemiological features, therapeutic strategies and long‐term immunological outcomes in virologically suppressed HIV+ very late presenters
Authors: Martinelli L , Francisci D , Sgrelli A , Baldelli F
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Therapy of the patients with HIV/TB infection and dynamics of level ‘naïve’ CD4‐lymphocytes
Authors: Popova AA , Kravchenko AV , Kozhevnikova GM , Serebrovskaya LV
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Sudden unexplained death in a patient with HIV and MDR‐TB
Authors: Boxall E , Milne J , Peters E , Sykes C
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
High prevalence of genotype G in HIV co‐infected patients compared with HBV monoinfected patients in México
Authors: Mata‐Marín JA , Gaytán‐Martínez JE , Arroyo‐Anduiza CI , Calderón‐Rodriguez G
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Response to HAART according to sex and origin (immigrant vs autochthonous) in a cohort of patients who initiate antiretroviral treatment
Authors: Perez‐Molina JA , Mora‐Rillo M , Suarez‐Lozano I , Casado JL , Teira R , Rivas P , Pedrol E , Hernando A , Domingo P , Barquilla E , Esteban H , Gonzalez‐Garcia J
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Syphilis infection is associated with an increase in plasma viral load in HIV infected patients: results from the FHDH cohort — ANRS CO4
Authors: Jarzebowski W , Piketty C , de Truchis P , Caumes E , Farhi D , Lascaux AS , Bouldouyre MA , Derradji O , Pacanowski J , Dupin N , Costagliola D , Grabar S
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Cost‐efficacy analysis of the MONET trial using Spanish antiretroviral drug prices
Authors: Arribas JR , Hill A , Garcia I , Anceau A
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Late versus non‐late presentation of HIV/AIDS: an economic impact analysis
Authors: Grabmeier‐Pfistershammer K , Rieger A , Schroeck T , Schlag M
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Week 48 efficacy of 900/100 mg daily of darunavir/ritonavir in treatment‐experienced HIV‐1 patients with virological success: DARDAR study
Authors: Schneider L , Houssaini A , Lambert S , Peytavin G , Agher R , Chermak A , Flandre P , Calvez V , Marcelin AG , Ghosn J , Katlama C
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
ARTEMIS: 192‐week efficacy and safety of once‐daily darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) vs lopinavir/r (LPV/r) in treatment‐naïve HIV‐1‐infected adults
Authors: Orkin C , DeJesus E , Khanlou H , Stoehr A , Supparatpinyo K , Van de Casteele T , Lathouwers E , Spinosa‐Guzman S
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Integrase inhibitor‐based treatment in clinical practice
Authors: Cenderello G , Piscopo R , Feasi M , Penco G , Bobbio N , Cassola G
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Portuguese cohort: raltegravir with optimized background therapy (OBT) in multiple‐experienced HIV1‐ and HIV2‐infected patients
Authors: Doroana M , Piñeiro C , Maltez F , Fonseca P , Oliveira J , Mansinho K , Horta A , Teófilo E , Aguas M , Germano I , Faria D
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Changes in cerebral function parameters in HIV‐1 infected subjects undergoing a treatment simplification to darunavir/ritonavir
Authors: Garvey LJ , Higgs C , Mohammed P , Nelson M , Winston A
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Epidemiological description of the demographic and HIV disease characteristics of HIV patients who are in care but not on treatment in Spain
Authors: Domingo P , Arazo P , Casado JL , Castaño MA , Ferrer E , Goenaga MA , Granados R , Pulido F , Rodriguez J , Rubio R , Sanz J , Viciana P
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
The prognosis of patients with dissociated virological and immunological responses to HAART
Authors: Jevtovic DJ , Salemovic DR , Ranin JT
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
A comparison of the FDA TLOVR and FDA Snapshot algorithms based on studies evaluating once‐daily vs. twice daily lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) regimens
Authors: Qaqish R , van Wyk J , King MS
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Nitric oxide protects against HIV gp120 endothelial injury
Authors: Fiorucci S , Mencarelli A , Francisci D , Distrutti E , Renga B , Baldelli F
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Intracellular tenofovir‐diphosphate accumulation in an HIV‐infected patient with Fanconi syndrome and osteomalacia
Authors: Haverkort ME , van der Spek BW , Lips PT , Slieker WAT , Bronsveld W
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Liver fibrosis: concordance analysis between APRI and FIB‐4 scores, evolution and predictors in a cohort of HIV patients without HCV and HBV infection
Authors: Mendeni M , Focà E , Gotti D , Ladisa N , Quiros‐Roldan E , Vavassori A , Castelnuovo F , Carosi G , Angarano G , Torti C
Published: November 2010

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
Detection of vascularity in wrist tenosynovitis: power doppler ultrasound compared with contrast-enhanced grey-scale ultrasound
Authors: Klauser Andrea S , Franz Magdalena , Arora Rohit , Feuchtner Gudrun M , Gruber Johann , Schirmer Michael , Jaschke Werner R , Gabl Markus F
Published: November 2010

Introduction

We sought to assess vascularity in wrist tenosynovitis by using power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) and to compare detection of intra- and peritendinous vascularity with that of contrast-enhanced grey-scale ultrasound (CEUS).

Methods

Twenty-six tendons of 24 patients (nine men, 15 women; mean age ± SD, 54.4 ± 11.8 years) with a clinical diagnosis of tenosynovitis were examined with B-mode ultrasonography, PDUS, and CEUS by using a second-generation contrast agent, SonoVue (Bracco Diagnostics, Milan, Italy) and a low-mechanical-index ultrasound technique. Thickness of synovitis, extent of vascularized pannus, intensity of peritendinous vascularisation, and detection of intratendinous vessels was incorporated in a 3-score grading system (grade 0 to 2). Interobserver variability was calculated.

Results

With CEUS, a significantly greater extent of vascularity could be detected than by using PDUS (P < 0.001). In terms of peri- and intratendinous vessels, CEUS was significantly more sensitive in the detection of vascularization compared with PDUS (P < 0.001). No significant correlation between synovial thickening and extent of vascularity could be found (P = 0.089 to 0.097). Interobserver reliability was calculated to be excellent when evaluating the grading score (κ = 0.811 to 1.00).

Conclusions

CEUS is a promising tool to detect tendon vascularity with higher sensitivity than PDUS by improved detection of intra- and peritendinous vascularity.