bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STUDENT FASILITATOR AND EXPLAINING TERHADAP PENALARAN MATEMATIKA DAN KEPERCAYAN DIRI SISWA
Authors: Waningsih Ayu
Published: April 2022

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini  adalah rendahnya penalaran matematika dan rasa kepercayaan diri siswa. Kurangnya penalaran siswa dapat diketahui dari nilai pretest siswa di mana dari 20 siswa hanya 8 siswa yang mencapai nilai di atas rata rata dan 12 siswa lainnya memiliki nilai dibawah rata - rata maka sekitar 60% siswa memiliki nilai di bawah rata rata. Melihat permasalahan tersebut, maka penulis tertarik untuk menerapkan model pembelajaran Student Facilitator And Explaining dimana siswa dapat dilibatkan untuk lebih aktif dalam proses belajar mengajar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh model pembelakaran kooperatif tipe student facilitator and explaining terhadap penalaran matematika dan kepercayaan diri siswa.Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan analisis MANOVA (Multivariat Analysis Of Variance) dengan taraf signifikan 0,05 dari hasil data diperoleh nilai signifikannya 0,000 dimana 0,000 < 0,05 dan sesuai criteria bahwa H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima maka Terdapat pengaruh positif model pembelajaran Student Facilitator and Explaining terhadap Penalaran Matematika dan Kepercayaan Diri Siswa. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa (1) Melihat dari output Statistik Deskriptif SPSS nilai posttest Penalaran dan Kepercayaan Diri Siswa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Student Facilitator And Explaining termasuk dalam kategori tinggi. (2) Hasil dari Uji MANOVA (Multivariat Analysis Of Variance)  dengan perlakuan yang signifikan oleh prosedur Pillai’s Trace, Wilk’s Lambda, Hotelling’s Trace, Roy’s Largest Root. Didapat nilai signifikannya 0,000 dimana 0,000 < 0,05 dan sesuai criteria bahwa H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima maka Terdapat pengaruh positif model pembelajaran Student Facilitator and Explaining terhadap Penalaran Matematika dan Kepercayaan Diri Siswa.
Alfabetismo Mediático Informacional (AMI) y Síndrome de Burnout en docentes de una universidad privada de La Paz Bolivia.
Authors: Calla Lovera Silvana Sofía
Published: April 2022

Media and Information Literacy (MIL) and burnout syndrome (SB) are concepts that become relevant in organizations, especially in the educational environment that must be at the forefront of technological advances, in this sense, one of the fundamental factors is the skills of teachers, who are responsible for training students and future professionals. The present investigation, framed as a correlational study, provides data on the study variables in teachers of a private university and the results contribute to the understanding of these concepts in the field of higher education, showing a trend that indicates that the higher the MIL, the lower the SB.
India’s Growth Prospects and Policy Options
Authors: Rangarajan C , Srivastava D. K.
Published: April 2022

Issue: Sep-Oct 2020

The story of the Indian economy as it unfolds under the impact of COVID-19 is disquieting. Had the economy been strong to start with, the situation would have been different. We have analysed the sharp decline in growth rate since 2011-12 and traced the causes for the slowdown to such factors as unsustainable expansion of credit followed by sharp increase in non-performing assets, and decline in savings and investment rates. We have also noted that centre’s gross tax revenues declined sharply on trend basis because of the fall in nominal GDP growth. This led to a squeezing of available fiscal policy space for the central government. Disruptions caused by such decisions as demonetisation also played an adverse role on both income and employment. The lockdown imposed to curb the spread of COVID-19 has put a brake on the economy. The need to kick start the economy and move it forward has become urgent. We have in this context discussed the roles of monetary and fiscal policies. Maintenance of government expenditure at a high level is unavoidable and monetisation of debt is also unavoidable. But policy makers must also be conscious of the fact that there is a limit to monetisation. Wisdom lies in striking the appropriate balance. JEL: E5, H2, H5, H6
Seven Issues Raised by COVID
Authors: Debroy Bibek
Published: April 2022

Issue: Nov-Dec 2020

Covid-19 has caught India, like the rest of the world, unawares.  Given its geographical area, population and level of development, India has handled the pandemic remarkably well.  Nevertheless, the pandemic provides an opportunity to identify measures to improve the state of preparedness for future crises.  This paper underlines Constitutional and governance issues to prepare the country for such emergencies in the future. To ensure more accurate data on mortality rates and their attribution to the pandemic, the paper underlines the need to improve the Civil Registration System. Another issue relates to the confusion arising from the faulty detection of cases when Rapid Antigen Tests (RAT) and RT-PCR tests do not provide consistent results.  This has required the ICMR to issue a press release to reconfirm in the case of negative reports in symptomatic patients when RAT is used. The paper also emphasises the need to link fiscal transfers under the National Health Mission to performances in terms of specified deliverables by the States.  Another issue is the need to amend the Constitution to place ‘Public Health’ in the Concurrent List to enable more significant role for the Union government in fighting pandemics like COVID-19.   The paper also argues for the creation of a separate local body list in the Seventh Schedule and ensure legal consistency in the assignment across different levels of government in the country.  Given the important role of the Union government, ‘Management of Disasters and Emergencies, natural or manmade’ should be an item included in the Concurrent List of the Seventh Schedule as recommended by the Second Administrative Reforms Commission.  This enables congruency and cohesion in dealing with disasters between different levels of government.
Agenda for Transforming the Lumbering Elephant to a Charging Tiger
Authors: Rao Govinda
Published: April 2022

Issue: Nov-Dec 2020

The article reviews the book India Unlimited: Reclaiming the Lost Glory by Arvind Panagariya. The main thrust of the book is in identifying reform areas.  In fact, 8 out of 13 chapters of the book are devoted to discussing various reforms needed to transform the economy from traditional, rural economy to modern urban economy with expanded industry and services sectors providing quality employment to absorb the labour from low productive agricultural sector.  The reforms identified in the book are extremely important and must be pursued with vigour to take the country to a higher growth trajectory and the time is opportune to initiate them. The policy makers in the country will do well to heed the reform recommendations.
A conduta do pedagogo educacional no ensino e aprendizagem do estudante
Authors: Silva Costa Ursulina
Published: April 2022

A pesquisa focaliza o reflexo da conduta do pedagogo educacional no ensino aprendizagem e seus resultados no ambiente escolar. O pedagogo para almejar seu objetivo – que é o de oportunizar ao estudante o seu desenvolvimento pleno, por meio de ações planejadas, dinâmicas, contínuas, sistematizadas e contextualizadas aos diversos elementos que exercem influência em sua formação: intelectual, físico, social, moral, emocional estético, político, e educacional – precisa planejar o trabalho escolar. Deve promover condições necessárias para realizá-las; tomar decisões coletivamente; aperfeiçoar-se sempre; assessorar; apoiar; e avaliar as atividades pedagógico-curriculares, além de fornecer suporte formativo aos educadores.
Relações entre o processo de leitura e escrita e planejamento em Luria e Vygotsky
Authors: Sergio da Silveira Filho Ronaldo
Published: April 2022

A relação entre as funções executivas de leitura e escrita como precursoras do desenvolvimento das funções de planejamento e execução de tarefas foram demonstradas através de estudos desenvolvidos em Luria e Vygotsky, em que a relação dos signos e instrumentos com o desenvolvimento social do indivíduo se mostra como parte do desenvolvimento da linguagem e da capacidade do homem em planejar, criar e transformar o ambiente social que o cerca. A partir desta constatação, é possível dizer que um indivíduo mais letrado e proficiente em leitura torna-se mais capaz na execução de tarefas e também na resolução de problemas, ligados ao cotidiano ou mesmo ao mundo científico, aos sistemas produtivos e técnicos, onde se demonstra a importância não só da aprendizagem formal, mas também do incentivo à leitura para o desenvolvimento das funções executivas do cérebro.
Instrumentos de verificação do rendimento escolar na educação municipal de Curitiba
Authors: de Oliveira Tozato Mariana , Niviadonski Brites de Moraes Marcelize , Thais Santos Jéssica
Published: April 2022

Práticas avaliativas frequentes resultam em informações sobre a aprendizagem do aluno. A relação entre o que ensina e o que pretende atingir na formação do aprendiz revela a necessidade em determinar critérios fidedignos nos momentos de avaliar. Tais critérios especificam indicadores de desenvolvimento do educando e para isso são utilizados instrumentos avaliativos que ampliam a possibilidade de analisar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. O presente artigo é parte do trabalho monográfico de graduação da pesquisadora Tozato, realizado em 2004, na PUCPR, a qual analisa os instrumentos de verificação do rendimento escolar em algumas escolas públicas da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Curitiba.
Alfabetização e deficiência intelectual
Authors: Mara da Silva Claudia
Published: April 2022

Este artigo se propõe a analisar as estratégias de alfabetização na educação especial na área da deficiência intelectual, assim como relatar a experiência de uma professora de Escola Especial Municipal, atuante há mais de 15 anos na área da deficiência intelectual, que se utilizou de uma proposta diferenciada e acreditou na aprendizagem da leitura e escrita dos alunos com tal metodologia. Como objetivos foram postos a necessidade de averiguar a relevância de adaptações nas atividades apresentadas ao aluno com deficiência intelectual, a relação do conteúdo e a forma de trabalho na alfabetização, bem como o rendimento do estudante com a utilização dessa proposta. Foram analisados cinco alunos com idade cronológica de 10 anos, todos frequentando Escola Especial Municipal. Com a exploração dos materiais utilizados no processo de aprendizagem essa prática evidenciou uma forma de alfabetização inovadora. O estudo traz as principais características de deficiência intelectual, os métodos de alfabetização que fundamentam essa proposta e sua aplicabilidade. Na finalização do trabalho são demonstrados os resultados obtidos e a importância dos processos alternativos de alfabetização na área da deficiência intelectual com a finalidade de evitar que tentativas fracassadas interfiram na motivação de aprendizagem da leitura e escrita desses alunos.
Quando ensinar é adoecer
Authors: Gennari Emilio
Published: April 2022

Ensinar nunca foi fácil. Seja qual for a época, professores e professoras precisam sempre acertar contas com as relações de poder presentes na sociedade, com as características dos alunos e com as demandas do mercado de trabalho. Chamados a vivenciar o conflito entre a realidade, suas expectativas e as prescrições institucionais, muitas vezes veem a escola tornar-se pesada, frustrante e insuportável. Nas páginas que seguem, levantaremos o que transforma o ensinar em fonte de adoecimento e, sem pretender esgotar o assunto, refletiremos sobre esse panorama nada animador.
Materiais didáticos para a formação docente
Authors: Aparecida Soares Lucilene , Maria Figueiredo Braga Garcia Tânia
Published: April 2022

O presente artigo utiliza o conceito de consciência histórica, de Jorn Rüsen, como categoria analítica para examinar uma obra em particular – “Orientações e Ações para a Educação das Relações Étnico- Raciais” – publicada em 2006 pelo Ministério de Educação (MEC), no contexto de implementação da Lei 10.639/03, que institui a obrigatoriedade do ensino de história e cultura africana e afrodescendente em todo currículo escolar. A partir dessa Lei, um conjunto de ações foi desencadeada para a formação continuada de professores, com o objetivo de fornecer instrumentos conceituais para o trabalho nas escolas e salas de aula. A pesquisa realizada busca verificar se essa publicação oficial acerca da temática étnico-racial, voltada para a formação continuada de docentes, pode contribuir para a constituição de novos sentidos históricos, os quais estão presentes, de acordo com Rüsen, “quando suas referências ao presente servem de orientação para a vida e a formação de identidade dos sujeitos, quando a lembrança histórica favorece a ação e a formação de identidade”. No caso brasileiro, as diferentes dimensões da identidade não têm caminhado juntas e a constituição de uma identidade nacional forte, na área cívico-política, tem sido bloqueada desde as origens pelos mecanismos de reprodução quase automática das grandes desigualdades. No âmbito sociocultural, o elemento africano foi marginalizado, produzindo uma integração folclorizada (DEBRUN, 1990), cuja superação necessita ser tomada como objetivo essencial na formação de professores. Pretende-se, portanto, evidenciar de que maneira estas publicações didáticas reconhecem e apresentam elementos que possam estimular processos de desenvolvimento da consciência histórica, mas numa perspectiva que supera a identidade individual e transcende para uma identidade coletiva que contemple os diferentes grupos presentes na formação do Brasil (indígenas, europeus e africanos).
Implicações do professor contemporâneo frente à pedagogia e aos nativos digitais
Authors: Da Silva e Souza Fernandes Sulamita
Published: April 2022

A pesquisa parte da necessidade da reflexão de como a escola tem se apropriado das tecnologias para a melhoria na ação pedagógica. Através de questionários ouviu-se a voz dos diferentes atores (professores e alunos) sobre a influência da tecnologia no cotidiano e as implicações pedagógicas em relação a ela, discutindo as competências necessárias do professor contemporâneo. Nesse contexto foi possível explicar o reconhecimento por parte dos professores do “aluno digital”. Embora práticas em relação às Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) sejam aplicadas, há a necessidade de maior capacitação e infraestrutura institucional para a ampliação da aplicabilidade dos recursos tecnológicos.
As ocupações nas escolas em 2015 e 2016
Authors: Paulo de Souza da Silva João , Scheffelmeier Mei Danielle
Published: April 2022

Dois anos após a “Primavera Estudantil”, este artigo tem como objetivo descrever as ações dos movimentos de estudantes secundaristas que aconteceram em São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Goiás e no Paraná. As ocupações das escolas, os aulões e as manifestações nas ruas das grandes cidades brasileiras marcaram o descontentamento dos adolescentes e jovens com as políticas educacionais adotadas na época, por parte do poder público. No final do ano de 2015 e em 2016, os governos estaduais tentaram reduzir o número de salas de aula nas escolas estaduais, levando milhares de estudantes às ruas pelo seu direto ao acesso à educação. O que chama a atenção nestes movimentos, que aconteceram em diversas partes do Brasil, é que os estudantes se envolveram nas questões, organizaram-se e fizeram diversas ações de solidariedade, além de trazerem debates para o espaço escolar, como as questões de gênero. Para abordar as manifestações dos estudantes, este artigo tem como referencial teórico central José Gimeno Sacristán, Bernardo Toro e Ilse Scherer-Warren.
Transdisciplinaridade na educação básica
Authors: De Fátima Nibichiniack Carvalho Adriana
Published: April 2022

No contexto escolar evidencia-se claramente a fragmentação de conhecimentos a partir de uma prática pedagógica tradicional e disciplinar, é necessária a utilização de práticas de ensino diferenciadas e inovadoras no sentido de reverter esse cenário. O presente artigo é resultado das reflexões sobre complexidade na disciplina Tópicos Especiais em Teorias e Práticas de Ensino na Educação Básica I: Complexidade, Cognição e Aprendizagem, do programa de mestrado em Educação da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) e teve como objetivo realizar a reflexão em livros e textos de Edgar Morin e outros autores acerca da realidade escolar tradicional e disciplinar que favorece essa fragmentação de conhecimentos e discutir a transdisciplinaridade como uma prática pedagógica viável para a resolução desse problema. Utilizou-se da abordagem qualitativa para a pesquisa, na qual foram realizadas análises de livros e textos sobre a transdisciplinaridade. Para Morin, a complexidade complementa a transdisciplinaridade e não há como separar estes dois termos. Uma opção para resolver o problema da fragmentação dos conhecimentos é utilizarmos o pensamento complexo que exige uma transdisciplinaridade. Com o intuito de superar as compartimentações disciplinares, os Temas Transversais recomendados pelos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCNs) podem ser uma alternativa para realizar a transdisciplinaridade, e com isso romper as barreiras epistemológicas de cada disciplina, resgatando assim as relações que existem entre os conhecimentos. Concluindo o trabalho, observa-se que é necessário a discussão entre professores da educação básica sobre como e porque realizar a transdisciplinaridade e de que os Temas Transversais propostos pelos PCNs se mostram como alternativa de realizar a transdisciplinaridade.
A Educação Física e o ensino remoto na rede municipal de educação de Curitiba
Authors: Caroline Pansolin Adriana , Ferreira Costa Carine , Olga Félix Munarim Hauser Santos Emmanuelle , André Köhler Eumar , Conte Gabriel , Priess Da Costa Mauricio , Camargo (Mica) Michaela , Argenton Patrícia
Published: April 2022

Com a introdução do ensino remoto, a relação dos/as estudantes com os/as professores/as sofreu consequências, estes/as que têm problematizado a eficiência dessa escolha no processo formativo, principalmente quando consideradas as especificidades da Educação Física. A pesquisa visou investigar como os/as professores/ as da rede estão encarando essa nova forma de trabalho educativo, e foi realizada através de questionário online. Os resultados indicaram uma contradição importante entre a avaliação que os/as professores/as fazem do resultado de seu trabalho, seu desgaste, e seu papel no processo de organização/execução do ensino remoto, avaliação essa majoritariamente negativa; e a avaliação bastante dividida com os dados que expressam um possível resultado geral do processo do ensino remoto, para a qual não existe uma maioria de insatisfeitos.
O ensino remoto na perspectiva de um coordenador pedagógico de educação física
Authors: Helena Jochinsein Taísa , Tamashiro Guilherme
Published: April 2022

Este artigo trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre a visão de um coordenador pedagógico de Educação Física frente aos desafios de estudantes e professores de escolas públicas do Ensino Fundamental durante o período de ensino remoto. O objetivo do mesmo foi apresentar uma perspectiva educacional dentro de um cenário específico na pandemia. Para sua elaboração, foi considerada sua concepção enquanto espectador e agente educacional no acompanhamento de ações pedagógicas. Foram levantadas as principais características do momento, propiciando uma visão panorâmica e contextualizada, que nos permite conhecer e compreender algumas singularidades deste modelo.
Dentre os vários Gramsci, um educador socialista!
Authors: De Jesus Ramos Jr Armenes
Published: April 2022

O artigo realiza breve síntese das principais categorias gramscianas, à luz do método por ele utilizado, o materialismo-dialético, com vistas a subsidiar uma leitura atual do pensador e militante italiano. Também destaca aspectos da educação para a construção da hegemonia pelo proletariado. O texto é parte da tese de Doutorado intitulada “A Formação de um Intelectual Coletivo: um estudo sobre o percurso dos Militantes na construção da Saúde do Trabalhador no Paraná”, do mesmo autor. UFPR - 2007. Endereço eletrônico http:// dspace.c3sl.ufpr.br:8080/dspace/handle/1884/ 13669
A produção de sentidos sobre as diferenças
Authors: Beatriz Franco Souza Fabíola
Published: April 2022

Já deve ser suficientemente conhecida a Lei 10.639/2003 para promover o conhecimento sobre a história e a cultura afro-brasileiras. Este artigo vai à frente e usa a literatura infantil para tratar esses conteúdos em sala de aula. E discute neste artigo o aproveitamento de três livros infantis neste trabalho
The effect of odontogenic sinusitis with periapical lesions on quality of life
Authors: Kwiatkowska Marta , Szczygielski Kornel , Chloupek Aldona , Panasiewicz Paulina , Jurkiewicz Dariusz
Published: April 2022

 Introduction: Usually the symptoms presented in odontogenic sinusitis do not differ from chronic sinusitis of other origin. However, odontogenic sinusitis is considered as an independent disease which requires specific diagnostic approach and treatment.

 Aim: The aim of the study is to define the main symptoms of odontogenic rhinosinusitis with periapical lesions and its impact on the quality of life.

 Material and methods: The SNOT-22 and OHIP-14 questionnaires were distributed among 26 symptomatic patients suffering from odontogenic sinusitis with periapical lesions in the teeth that remain in close contact with the maxillary sinus floor. Data was collected by means of an interview and standard examination performed by an otolaryngologist and a maxillofacial surgeon. The symptoms were also objectified using nasal endoscopy and radiological studies. The acquired data was statistically analyzed.

 Results: The total OHIP-14 score was 14.7 ± 11.3, whereas the total SNOT-22 score was 44.6 ± 18.8. Women scored significantly higher in the total SNOT-22 score as well as domains concerning nasal symptoms, quality of sleep, and emotional symptoms. The answers given in similar items were comparable between both questionnaires.

 Conclusions: Properly diagnosed odontogenic sinusitis (OS) with periapical lesions (PAL) will improve the quality of health-care and spare the patients inadequate procedures. Standard examination should include a unified and validated question-naire concerning both sinonasal and oral symptoms. Painful aching in the mouth and discomfort during eating might help to identify the OS with PAL during a medical interview and help both ENT (ear-nose-throat) specialists and dentists to establish proper patient-oriented diagnosis and treatment.
Light to See a Bride By
Authors: Chakravarti Srinjay
Published: April 2022

N/A
Agricultural Intensification Causes Decline in Insect Biodiversity
Authors: Abudulai Mumuni , Asalma Nboyine Jerry , Quandahor Peter , Seidu Ahmed , Traore Fousséni
Published: April 2022

The world’s population exceeded 7 billion in late 2011 and it is expected to reach 9.3 billion by 2050. Meanwhile, demand for food is predicted to increase between 50 and 100% by 2050. To meet the food demands of the increasing population, agricultural intensification practices including growing monocultures of high-yielding crop varieties and increased applications of fertilizers and pesticides have been used to increase productivity. These practices, however, impact negatively on biodiversity of existing flora and fauna, particularly causing huge declines in insect biodiversity. This chapter reviews present state of knowledge about agricultural intensification practices and global decline of insect biodiversity (i.e., pest and beneficial insect species) in intensive agricultural system and point out the likely drivers of these declines. It concludes the review by examining sustainable agricultural intensification practices that could be used to mitigate these biodiversity declines while maintaining productivity in intensive agricultural systems.
Cyber-Informed Engineering for Nuclear Reactor Digital Instrumentation and Control
Authors: Eggers Shannon , Anderson Robert
Published: April 2022

As nuclear reactors transition from analog to digital technology, the benefits of enhanced operational capabilities and improved efficiencies are potentially offset by cyber risks. Cyber-Informed Engineering (CIE) is an approach that can be used by engineers and staff to characterize and reduce new cyber risks in digital instrumentation and control systems. CIE provides guidance that can be applied throughout the entire systems engineering lifecycle, from conceptual design to decommissioning. In addition to outlining the use of CIE in nuclear reactor applications, this chapter provides a brief primer on nuclear reactor instrumentation and control and the associated cyber risks in existing light water reactors as well as the digital technology that will likely be used in future reactor designs and applications.
Auxins-Interkingdom Signaling Molecules
Authors: Tariq Aqsa , Ahmed Ambreen
Published: April 2022

Phytohormones play a fundamental role in the development of plants. Among various phytohormones produced by the plants, Auxins act as a master hormone that plays a major role during plant development and differentiation through cell division. Besides plants, many rhizospheric microorganisms are also capable of producing auxins specifically indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), that act as signaling molecules for the regulation of gene expressions in plants. However, bacterial IAA is majorly linked with the modulation of plant roots architecture and developing positive plant-microbe interactions. Bacterial auxin modifies root morphology by enhancing root length, forming adventitious root and root hair, thereby, increasing surface area for water and nutrient absorption affecting various aspects of plant biology in a number of ways. Bacteria mostly utilize tryptophan, present in plant root exudates, to synthesize IAA that eventually helps bacteria to colonize roots by establishing beneficial associations with plant roots. Auxins also stimulate the formation of exopolysaccharides and biofilms that help bacterial root colonization. Auxins have given the survival benefit to rhizobacteria that make them more competent to establish symbiotic interaction with plants. Synergistic and antagonistic interactions of auxins (both interkingdom and Intrakingdom) with other phytohormones play a key role in plant development and growth improvement.
The Olive Tree: A Symbol
Authors: Grego Stefano
Published: April 2022

The olive tree is not only the typical plant of the Mediterranean but it is also a tree that constitutes the only culture of global importance. From very old times through the centuries, the traditions of the great oil-growing areas of today were born and consolidated—Greece, Italy, and Spain. The olive tree and oil are an indispensable presence for our daily well-being, as well as a reminder of our oldest and truest history. Olive tree became a symbol of peace and value, an element of strength and purification, of resistance to the ravages of time and wars, the olive tree has always been a transcendent symbol of spirituality and sacredness.
Breaking Yield Ceiling in Wheat: Progress and Future Prospects
Authors: Pal Neeraj , Kumar Saini Dinesh , Kumar Sundip
Published: April 2022

Wheat is one of the most important staple crops that contribute considerably to global food and nutritional security. The future projections of the demand for wheat show significant enhancement owing to the population growth and probable changes in diets. Further, historical yield trends show a reduction in the relative rate of gain for grain yield over time. To maintain future food security, there is a strong need to find ways to further increase the yield potential of wheat. Grain yield is a quantitative trait that is highly influenced by the environment. It is determined by various interlinked yield component traits. Molecular breeding approaches have already proven useful in improving the grain yield of wheat and recent advances in high-throughput genotyping platforms now have remodelled molecular breeding to genomics-assisted breeding. Hence, here in this chapter, we have discussed various advancements in understanding the genetics of grain yield, its major components, and summarised the various powerful strategies, such as gene cloning, mining superior alleles, transgenic technologies, advanced genome editing techniques, genomic selection, genome-wide association studies-assisted genomic selection, haplotype-based breeding (HBB), which may be/being used for grain yield improvement in wheat and as the new breeding strategies they could also be utilised to break the yield ceiling in wheat.
Principles of Sustainable Logistics
Authors: M. Mohsen Baha
Published: April 2022

Effective logistics largely contributes to the success of business through quick deliveries in minimum time and cost. Logistics is the process of getting material, product, and service where and when they are needed. When addressing the concept of sustainable logistics, it is important to consider the three dimensions of sustainability: economic, social, and environmental. Sustainable logistics is beyond going green and being environmentally friendly, it has an influence on manufacturing processes, starting from where raw materials are obtained, processes involved, use, and potential recycling of the product or service. In analyzing the problem of evaluating logistic operation performance, sustainability will be one among other criteria for evaluation. Selecting a logistics partner who cares about sustainability will help in achieving company’s strategy. The chapter discusses the concept of sustainability applied to logistics. From the main definition of the logistics system, which includes the flow of materials and information, to the goal of sustainable logistics, which includes increasing profitability and reducing the environmental impact. Sustainable development involves coordination between environment and economics to reach social, economic, and environmental sustainability. The chapter aims to help managers, practitioners, scholars, and students to understand the key attributes of sustainable logistics and supply chain in general.
Assessment of Hydraulic Conductivity of Porous Media Using Empirical Relationships
Authors: Chandel Abhishish , Shankar Vijay
Published: April 2022

Flow-through porous media is concerned with the term hydraulic conductivity (K), which imparts a crucial role in the groundwater processes. The present work examines the impact of key parameters i.e., grain size and porosity on the K of four borehole soil samples (Gravelly, Coarse, Medium, and Fine sands) and evaluates the applicability of seven empirical relationships for K estimation. Experimental investigations postulate that an increase in the grain size and porosity value increases the K value. Further, the K values computed using the Kozeny–Carman relationship proved to be the best estimator for Coarse, medium, and fine sands followed by Beyer and Hazen relationships. However, the Beyer relationship had a closer agreement with experimentally obtained value for Gravelly sand. Alyamani and Sen relationship is very sensitive toward the grain-size curve pattern, hence it should be used carefully. Whereas other relationships considered in this study underestimated the K of all samples.
Perspective Chapter: Ketamine, Depression, and Gender Bias
Authors: K. Alshammari Tahani , Alseraye Sarah , M. Alrasheed Nouf , F. Bin Dayel Anfal , S. Alonazi Asma , F. Al Sabhan Jawza , A. Alshammari Musaad
Published: April 2022

Our knowledge regarding pathological and treatment resistance mechanisms involved in depression is far from understood. Sexual dimorphism in this topic is well acknowledged. However, the need to highlight sex-based discrepancies is unmet. Ketamine, the dissociative anesthetic, has emerged as a rapid antidepressant. This chapter reviewed sexual dimorphism in pharmacological and genetic models of depression, emphasizing ketamine-related antidepressant effects. Aiming by this report, we would extend our knowledge, highlight gender as one of the vital factors in examining depression in preclinical studies, and elucidate complex antidepressant effects associated with ketamine administration. Our central goal is to encourage neuroscientists to consider gender in their studies of mood disorders.
TRPV Family Ion Channels in the Mammary Epithelium: Role in Normal Tissue Homeostasis and along Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Susanna Tojkander Sari
Published: April 2022

Calcium homeostasis directs various intracellular cascades and therefore strict spatio-temporal control of calcium influx is also crucial for diverse physiological processes. In the mammary gland, calcium is important for the specialized tasks of this organ during lactation, but it also guides other structural and functional features of the mammary epithelium and in this way the maintenance of the whole tissue. Transient receptor potential, TRP, family ion channels are cationic channels, permeable to both monovalent and divalent cations and play a role in the influx of calcium mainly through the plasma membrane. These channels also represent vital calcium entry routes in the mammary epithelium and may thus act as central players in the preservation of calcium balance within this tissue. Moreover, TRP family channel proteins are abnormally expressed in breast cancers and may promote cancer progression through deregulation of intracellular signaling, consequently triggering several hallmarks of cancer. This chapter concentrates on the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid, TRPV, a subfamily of proteins in the calcium-dependent functions of normal mammary epithelium and the evident role of these channel-forming proteins along breast cancer progression.
Drug-Related Problems in Coronary Artery Diseases
Authors: V. Tran An , T. Nguyen Diem , K. Tran Son , H. Vo Trang , T. Nguyen Kien , M. Nguyen Phuong , T. Pham Suol , X. Duong Chu , L.T. Tran Bao , N.T. Tran Lien , G. Diep Han , V. Huynh Minh , H. Nguyen Thao , Taxis Katja , D. Dang Khanh , Nguyen Thang
Published: April 2022

Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of mortality among cardiovascular diseases, responsible for 16% of the world’s total deaths. According to a statistical report published in 2020, the global prevalence of CAD was estimated at 1655 per 100,000 people and is predicted to exceed 1845 by 2030. Annually, in the United States, CAD accounts for approximately 610,000 deaths and costs more than 200 billion dollars for healthcare services. Most patients with CAD need to be treated over long periods with a combination of drugs. Therefore, the inappropriate use of drugs, or drug-related problems (DRPs), can lead to many consequences that affect these patients’ health, including decreased quality of life, increased hospitalization rates, prolonged hospital stays, increased overall health care costs, and even increased risk of morbidity and mortality. DRPs are common in CAD patients, with a prevalence of over 60%. DRPs must therefore be noticed and recognized by healthcare professionals. This chapter describes common types and determinants of DRPs in CAD patients and recommends interventions to limit their prevalence.
Thin Films: A Promising Approach for Drug Delivery System
Authors: Joshi Ramakant , Akram Wasim , Chauhan Rajendra , Garud Navneet
Published: April 2022

The prime goal of drug delivery through drug carrier system to the specific target site at the suitable concentration for therapeutic action. Recently thin films are acquiring attention as drug carrier and various scientists are working on the formulation and development of thin films as a novel drug delivery system. Because of its capacity to safely load medications and release them in a regulated manner, thin films have attracted increasing interest in the field of drug delivery, which improves drug efficacy. They are more patient compliance and alternative to oral drug delivery employing self-application, prolonged action and easily terminate if drug toxicity is produced. Oral, buccal, sublingual, ocular, and transdermal routes have all been employed to deliver this delivery mechanism for both systemic and local effects. The development of thin films comprises of various methods with keeping in mind the anatomical and physiological constraints, physicochemical properties and types of drug substance and use of various polymers (matrix, hydrophilic and hydrophobic) as well as the characterisation methods with recent trends.
Causes of Death in Children Aged Under Five Years in Tehran Province, Iran: A Forensic Epidemiological Study of Autopsy Data
Authors: Behnoush Behnam , Okazi Arash , Bahrami Majid , Behnoush Amir Hossein , Bazmi Elham
Published: April 2022

Background: Mortality among children under 5 years is an important health indicator. Therefore, determining the most common causes and manners of death according to the postmortem data is necessary for designing intervention programs to reduce mortality. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the causes and manners of death in children aged under 5 years old in Tehran, Iran using autopsy findings. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the data of all deaths among children aged under 5 years who were referred to the Legal Medicine Organization of Tehran, Iran, during January 2009-December 2019. The data were collected using the checklists of demographic characteristics, autopsy, toxicological findings, pathological findings, hospital records, and judicial documents, which were then analyzed. Results: Among 1750 children aged under 5 years old included in this study, 898 (51.3%) cases were male, and 997 (56.9%) were hospitalized. Most of the mortality cases occurred about two months after birth. The most common causes of death were found as congenital cardiovascular anomalies (14.7%), pneumonia (11.7%), and preterm labor (11%). Moreover, natural death (77.7%), accidental death (17.7%), homicide (2.7%), and unknown death (2%) were the major manners of death in these children. Conclusions: Postmortem examination to determine the causes of unnatural death could help clinicians and policymakers to propose a suitable intervention for reducing the mortality rate in children under 5 years.
Experience in Teaching Chemistry to Humanities Students with a Highly Heterogeneous Basic Chemistry Education
Authors: Ryzhova Oxana , Vasileva Irina , Agafonov Andrey , Kochergina Irina
Published: April 2022

Based on the results of the input questionnaire, it is shown that students of the Psychological Faculty of Moscow State University who begin to study the subject "Physical and Chemical Foundations of Modern Natural Science" demonstrate an extreme heterogeneity of training in chemistry. This can be explained by their different educational trajectories in preparation for entering the university. In such conditions, provided that the chemistry course is extremely short, it is proposed to concentrate the educational process on lectures and seminars on a few basic points that are interesting and accessible to all categories of students. The example of such point, namely the topic “Solutions” is given. It is shown that the results demonstrated by students in the exam have improved after the introduction of seminars and the use of new didactic materials in lectures and seminars.
Názory a postoje učiteľov na systémové hodnotenie vo výučbe anorganickej chémie
Authors: Ganajová Mária , Sotáková Ivana , Šoltysová Dominika
Published: April 2022

The paper focuses on the education strategy and methods referred to as Systemic Approach in Teaching and Learning (SATL). This approach includes systemic assessment which allows the teachers to evaluate the students’ skills, and determine and identify relationships among concepts. The goal of the presented research was to identify the opinions and attitudes of teachers related to the way inorganic chemistry was taught using systemic assessment in the 2nd year of a grammar school. To achieve this goal, a methodology was created specifically for the topic “Calcium and Its Componounds”; its implementation took the distance form due to the pandemic situation. 17 teachers participated in the research. Teachers’ opinions on this methodology were collected using a scale questionnaire. The questionnaire showed that this methodology helps enhance knowledge, develop systemic and critical thinking as well as the abilities to synthesize information and to apply the knowledge in practice. It also develops reading literacy and during online lessons, computer literacy, and promotes teamwork, cooperation, and communication.
Aplikácia predikčnej karty počas dištančnej formy výučby biológie na gymnáziu
Authors: Lešková Andrea , Rychvalská Miriam , Mišianiková Anna
Published: April 2022

School assessment in Slovakia has recently become an increasingly frequent topic of discussion, which is focused on the unfairness of grading and it´s negative effects on the progress of students in education. Assessment is focused on summative assessment, which is realized by a mark, verbal assessment or a combination thereof. The paper focuses on the issue of formative assessment as one of the forms of school assessment. Formative assessment focuses on frequent assessment of a student's learning progress and the use of feedback when their performance can be further improved. With the help of feedback, the teacher can detect and diagnose deficiencies, causes, errors and difficulties in students' learning. It helps him determine the difference between the current level of assessed performance and the standard. Teachers use various formative assessment tools to obtain assess, students' learning progress, and decide about further action. During the distance form of teaching, we carried out research focused on the implementation of a prediction card as a tool for formative assessment in the teaching of Biology at the grammar school. The research sample consisted of 12 students of the 4th year of grammar school. We developed a prediction card for the topics: Mutations, Gender Inheritance, and Gene Manipulation. To implement the prediction card, we used the online application Socrative, through which students stated whether the statement is true or false. In the results, we present the impact of the implementation of the prediction card on students' knowledge and misconceptions and their further progress in education.
Importancia de la metonimia en la interpretación agustiniana del relato de la creación
Authors: Fladerer Ludwig , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article shows Augustine’s dependence on the traditional tropus-system throughout and the continuity between his exegetical practise and his hermeneutical theory, focusing on Augustine’s interpretation of the story of Creation.
Casiciaco y el denominado ‘giro al sujeto’
Authors: Foley Michael P. , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The articles deals with Augustine’s so-called Cassiciacum dialogues drawing from them a broad outline of the basic characteristics of Augustine’s understanding of the knowing subject and of the subsequent “turn” he makes to it, answering four basic questions: what is the turn to the subject for Augustine, what are its characteristics and corollaries, what does it involve, and what does it yield.
Agustín y el ‘Filioque’
Authors: Lienhard Joseph T. , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article situates the Filioque in its historical and theological context, and gathers and analyzes the principal passages from Augustine’s writings in which he proposes the doctrine known as the Filioque, and tries to uncover its inner coherence.
Cohesión textual en ‘De cura pro mortuis gerenda’ de Agustín
Authors: Rose Paula , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article deals with Augustine’s De cura pro mortuis gerenda showing that the section with the narratives about dreams and visions in which both deceased and living persons appear, is connected tightly with the foregoing part of the treatise through linguistic devices. It shows also that the third section of the work is not a digression, but an essential element in the argumentation.
Virgilio, Ciceron y el ‘rusticanus’: ‘Acad’. 3, 34-35
Authors: Steinhauser Kenneth B. , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article deals with Augustine's refutation of skepticism as it is recorded in two parables which are analyzed in his Against the Academics, highlighting his ideas and the influence of Virgil and Cicero.
Agustín aprende a expresarse: "Confesiones’ 1,13
Authors: Toom Tarmo , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article presents the over-all epistemological framework of Augustine’s remarks and to his comments on ostensive learning of language, especially in some texts of the Confessions.
Luz e iluminación en Agustín
Authors: Vannier Marie-Anne , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the light and the illumination in the work of Augustine, showing that he uses those terms to talk about God and the sharing in his life. It also deals with the relationship that the light has with his Christology and other related topics.
¿Una última apología del pelagianismo?
Authors: Bonner Gerald , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article presents Pelagianism as a sintetic creation taken mostly from the Works of Saint Augustine and from the individual theologians against which these works were directed. The Pelagians were never a group united by a common system of thinking.
Notas sobre la ‘inchoata expositio ad Romanos’ de Agustín
Authors: Cocchini Francesca , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The articles deals with the text of Rm 1, 4a as it is explained by Augustine in his Inchoata expositio ad Romanos, stressing Augustines sources, namely Ambrosiaster, Marius Victorinus and Jerome.
La presencia de Teodoro de Mopsuestia en la teología de Juliano de Eclana
Authors: Cipriani Nello , Anoz José ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the traces of the works of Theodore of Mopsuestia in the polemical fragments or remainig works of Julian of Eclanum.
Las fuentes cristianas de la doctrina trinitaria en los primeros Diálogos de san Agustín
Authors: Cipriani Nello , Flores Miguel ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the Christian sources of Augustine’s Trinarian teachings in his first Dialogues, answering to the Statements of O. du Roy, and pointing to the Christian influence of Ambrose and Marius Victorinus
La inspiración tertuliana en el De libero arbitrio de san Agustín
Authors: Cipriani Nello , Anoz Jóse ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the influence of Tertullian within Augustine’s De libero arbitrio, asserting that this helps to understand better this work and also the Early Ideas of Augustine.
La presencia de Mario Victorino en la reflexión trinitaria de san Agustín
Authors: Cipriani Nello , Anoz José ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the traces of the work of Marius Victorinus in Augustine’s Trinitarian thought, especially in Augustine’s Cassiciacum Dialogues, De fide et symbolo and De Trinitate.
Agustín y la memoria: formas de recuerdo en la uita beata
Authors: Cillerai Beatrice , Anoz José ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

Augustine gives such importance to the memory, that it has a role even in the soul of the saints in Heaven. The article deals with the polemics that Augustine had with the Platonic philosophers (sapientes gentium), after analyzing some texts in which this topic is presented (trin. 14,5; ciu. 10,30; 22,30; y. 240,4; 241, 4-5), since the Platonic philosophers believed in a short vita beata, since the soul has forgotten her past life and must return to the world and take flesh in a body. It deals also with the sources of this ideas, whether they come from Porphyry (regr. an.) or most probably from Plotinus (Enn. 4, 3 [27]; 4, 4 [28]).