bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current Update on Natural Agents Against Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Sivaprakasam Prathibha , Anandasadagopan Sureshkumar , Alagumuthu Tamilselvi , Pandurangan Ashok Kumar
Published: April 2020

Breast cancer (BC) is sub-categorized into several well-recognized subtypes including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). It is a heterogeneous disease entity constituting about 15% of breast cancer cases worldwide. TNBC is associated with poor prognosis and lack of sustained response to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Although no approved targeted therapy is available for TNBCs, molecular-profiling efforts have revealed promising molecular targets such as the Wnt/β-catenin, STAT3, VEGF, EGFR, polyadenosine ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) and DNA repair pathway, androgen pathway, and NOTCH pathway. Moreover, more research needs to be performed in the area of TNBC aiming at dissecting potential pathways and identifying potential molecular signatures to develop new targeted biologic modifiers. Natural agents are the abundant chemical compounds available from diverse plants. The authors aimed to summarize the current evidence and discuss the natural agents that target TNBC using different pathways.
Traditional Herbs With Potential Wound Healing Properties
Authors: Babu Neelesh , Singh Ajeet , Navneet
Published: April 2020

Medicinal plants have been necessary to conventional and non-customary types of prescriptions dating back to somewhere around 5000 years ago. Researchers progressively depend on current logical techniques and proof-based medication to demonstrate the viability of herbal medicines and spotlight on a better comprehension of the systems of their activity. Notwithstanding, data concerning quantitative human health advantages on natural remedies is yet uncommon, constraining their legitimate valuation. Traditional medicines are regularly utilized for the wound-healing process covering a wide zone of various skin-related infections. This chapter will give information about the wound-healing capability of plants that are useful for the advancement of new wound-healing formulations.
Benford Law and Earnings Analysis
Authors: Othman Radiah , Ameer Rashid
Published: April 2020

The literature suggests that firms are actively managing the smoothing of their reported positive net incomes. The observed frequency of second digits abnormally exceeds the level predicted by Benford's Law, which results in a higher frequency of the number zero and an abnormally low occurrence of the number nine in the second digit of the reported income numbers. A reversal pattern occurs for reported net losses. This phenomenon is typically peculiar to countries with weak governance and firms under pressure to meet analysts' expectations. This chapter examines 10 years of reported net incomes by 5,040 firms (44,636 firm-years) in 10 countries ranked as having the best corporate governance quality. The analysis reveals that firms in these countries were not spared from opportunistically rounding their earning numbers. In fact, this rounding behavior is more prevalent when net losses were reported and this rounding phenomenon co-varied with some institutional factors; in particular, the rule of law and government effectiveness has significantly influenced the rounding behavior.
Self-Actualizing and Self-Transcending in a World of Less Available Work
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: April 2020

In a time of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), with an anticipated world of much less available work, due diligence requires that people identify what needs of theirs are met via work ideally in a pre-4IR sense and then to revamp their lives based on partial work, complements, and substitutions, to ensure that their needs are completely met. This work uses a six-level version of Maslow's hierarchy of needs focused on what work enables for people, beyond survival needs. This follow-on work explores how the prior research may be applied to mapping an individual's needs, identifying what needs are met via work, and then exploring potential complements and substitutions, in a practical walk-through. The focus is particularly on needs beyond survival ones, and especially on the top two levels of the hierarchy of needs for self-actualization and self-transcendence (both of which enable personal definitions of what those mean).
Anonymous Authentication for Privacy Preserving of Multimedia Data in the Cloud
Authors: Almuairfi Sadiq J. , Alenezi Mamdouh
Published: April 2020

Cloud computing technology provides cost-saving and flexibility of services for users. With the explosion of multimedia data, more and more data owners would outsource their personal multimedia data on the cloud. In the meantime, some computationally expensive tasks are also undertaken by cloud servers. However, the outsourced multimedia data and its applications may reveal the data owner's private information because the data owners lose control of their data. Recently, this thought has aroused new research interest on privacy-preserving reversible data hiding over outsourced multimedia data. Anonymous Authentication Scheme will be proposed in this chapter as the most relatable, applicable, and appropriate techniques to be adopted by the cloud computing professionals for the eradication of risks that have been associated with the risks and challenges of privacy.
An Optimized Intuitionistic Fuzzy Associative Memories (OIFAM) to Identify the Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
Authors: Felix A.  , Dhivya A. D.
Published: April 2020

Fuzzy associative memories (FAM) is a recurrent neural network, consisting of two layers. Since points of the fuzzy set are defined in a cube, it maps between cubes. That is, it maps from input fuzzy set into an output fuzzy set. While the input layer is deliberated as the cause infusing agent the output layer influences the requisite effect. It is a powerful technique to analyze the cause and effect of any problem. Determining the most influential factors in the cause and effect group of any problem is a challenging task. To quench such a task, this present study constructs an optimized intuitionistic fuzzy associative memory using an intuitionistic fuzzy set and a variance of fitness formula. To check the validity of the proposed model, Type 2 diabetes mellitus is taken for diagnosing the early complications of T2DM patients from the risk factors.
Case reports of benign intrascrotal tumors: Two epidermoid cysts and one scrotal calcinosis
Authors: Toprak Tuncay , Sekerci Cagri Akin
Published: April 2020

Background: The aim this study was to explain the underlying etiology of unknown scrotal masses. Case presentation: This study included 3 patients with a intrascrotal mass. One patient was over 50 years. The remaining patients were between the ages of 30-50. Patients had no serious complaints (two complained about having 3 testicles and one complained of swelling in the scrotum for the last 6 months). All patients underwent scrotal exploration under general anesthesia and the specimen was sent for pathological examination. All masses were mobile and encapsulated. The masses were not associated with the testicle. Two cases had classical histologic features of epidermoid cyst and one had scrotal calcinosis in the pathological report. Physical examination, operation, magnetic resonance and histological images of scrotal masses were shown in the figures. Conclusions: This study is important in terms of showing the underlying etiology of the rare scrotal masses.
The Seckel Syndrome: A Case Observed in the Pediatric Department of the University Hospital Center Sourou Sanou (Burkina Faso)
Authors: Ouattara Ad Bafa Ibrahim , Barro Makoura , Nacro Sahoura Fatimata , Traoré Ibraïma , Sanogo Bintou , Diallo Jean W. , Nacro Boubacar
Published: April 2020

Seckel syndrome-1 or “bird-headed dwarfism”, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man number 210600, is a rare genetic disease with an autosomal recessive transmission. We report a female child of 56 months diagnosed with SCKL1 at the Pediatric department of the University Hospital Center Sourou Sanou, Burkina Faso. She showed the typical features including facial dysmorphism, dwarfism, microcephalus and mental retardation. Ophthalmic and dental anomaly and extremities were associated. Without a codified etiological treatment, a psychotherapist support, a genetic counseling, a regular pediatric follow-up, a quarterly odontostomatological and ophthalmological follow- up have been recommended.
Antioxidant properties of processed cheese spread after freeze-dried and oven-dried grape skin powder addition
Authors: Frühbauerová Michaela , Červenka Libor , Hájek Tomáš , Salek Richardos Nikolaos , Velichová Helena , Buňka František
Published: April 2020

Processed cheese spread (PCS) is a popular product with high nutritional value and containing protein, fat and minerals. Grape skin is waste from winery processing plants that still has phenolic substances with significant antioxidant activity that could be used for valorisation of processed cheese and increasing the content of nutrients, phenolics and overall antioxidant properties. Both oven-dried (OD) and freeze-dried (FD) grape skin (GS) powder was characterised by the principal ingredients, the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. Similarly, the influence of the addition of OD-GS and FD-GS powders on processed cheese spread (PCS) at 1% and 2% (w/w) levels were examined. The OD-GS and FD-GS powders were characterised by protein content, fat content, moisture and dietary fibre, thus showing that drying technique did not affect those parameters. The OD-GS powder exhibited higher content of rutin, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and total flavonoid content (TFC), while higher total phenolic content (TPC) and ABTS radical cation were observed for freeze-dried GS powder. Fortification of PCS with 1% and 2% (w/w) of GS powder increased protein content. An ANOVA procedure revealed that addition of FD-GS powder to processed cheese spread was superior to TPC values together with rutin, (+)-catechin, and (-)-epicatechin contents. The higher phenolic contents reflected the higher antioxidant capacity of PCS samples fortified with FD-GS powder. Freeze-dried gape skin powder was the better choice for valorisation of processed cheese spread.
Avaliação do uso do solo e dos recursos florestais no semiárido do estado da Paraíba
Authors: Coelho Junior Luiz Moreira , Medeiros Mariane Gama de , Nunes Anna Manuella Melo , Macieira Milca Laís da Luz , Fonseca Marcia Batista da
Published: April 2020

Avaliou-se o uso do solo e dos recursos florestais do bioma Caatinga no estado da Paraíba, de 1996 a 2018. Foram levantados dados da cobertura vegetal e das características dos recursos florestais e o seu potencial produtivo para a lenha e o carvão vegetal. As informações empregadas para caracterização do uso do solo e dos recursos florestais da Paraíba foram obtidas do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), do Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA) e da Associação Plantas do Nordeste (APNE). A pesquisa foi exploratória e os resultados apontam a existência de uma degradação contínua da cobertura vegetal, porém os tipos de uso do solo se modificaram ao longo dos anos estudados. Observou-se uma alteração no uso das terras da Paraíba com uma ampliação das áreas de matas/florestas e redução das áreas de pastagem. O carvão vegetal e a lenha foram os principais produtos do extrativismo. A Caatinga paraibana perdeu mais de 46% da sua vegetação, cerca de 2,40 milhões de hectares, mas observou-se o aumento do PMFS via adoção de políticas públicas e conscientização do mercado. As estimativas adotadas da cobertura vegetal e do uso do solo da Paraíba mostraram sensibilidade e elevado grau de risco à desertificação do bioma, necessitando de ações conjuntas permanentes que garantam o uso sustentável da biodiversidade. Concluise que a solução efetiva vem da conscientização e da prática do Plano de Manejo Florestal Sustentado no semiárido paraibano, proporcionando de forma mais eficaz a sustentabilidade do bioma Caatinga.
Efeitos do treino com plataforma vibratória sobre a força muscular e capacidade funcional em idosas hígidas
Authors: Flores Bárbara Da Costa , Wagner Litiele Evelin , Hopp Marciele Silveira , Renner Jane Dagmar Pollo , Cardoso Dannuey Machado , Machado Greice Raquel , Paiva Dulciane Nunes
Published: April 2020

Avaliar efeitos da plataforma vibratória (PV) sobre a força muscular e desempenho do Teste de Caminhada de Seis Minutos (TC6) em idosas hígidas, alocadas em Grupo Plataforma Vibratória (GPV) que realizaram treino na PV e Grupo Controle (GC) não submetidos à intervenção. Avaliou-se perfil antropométrico, distância percorrida no TC6 e força muscular do membro inferior através do Teste de 1 Repetição Máxima (1-RM) pré e pós 2 meses de intervenção. 17 idosas hígidas foram avaliadas (GPV: n=7 e GC: n=10) com 65,4±6,6 anos. Houve aumento significativo da distância percorrida no GPV (p=0,0001) e aumento da força muscular dos adutores de quadril (p=0,014) do pré (66,1 ±22,8 kg) para o pós treino (72 ± 20,3 kg), bem como dos extensores de joelho do pré (46,4 ± 19,7 kg) para o pós treino (75,0 ± 16,5 kg). A VCI aumentou a capacidade funcional e força muscular de membros inferiores de idosas hígidas.
Medicamentos: descarte de vencidos e utilização de sobras
Authors: Pereira Marlucia Beatriz Lopes , Paula Milton Carlos Alves de , Santos Nilzalane Lima
Published: April 2020

Armazenamento e descarte indevido de medicamentos propiciam danos à saúde. Teve-se como objetivo avaliar o descarte medicamentoso pelas famílias atendidas em Unidade Básica de Saúde do Norte de Minas. Estudo descritivo, quantitativo e transversal. Em pesquisa de campo, foram coletados dados por questionário semiestruturado. Os resultados foram: 82% armazenavam medicamentos em casa sendo os locais: quarto, cozinha, banheiro. 68% dos pesquisados observavam aparência e validade do medicamento ao utilizar. Em relação ao descarte de sobras, 51% depositam no lixo comum ou esgoto e após o vencimento este número eleva-se a 86%, enquanto 13% relatam não descartar. 76% acreditam que o descarte inadequado desencadeia problemas de saúde pública e 82% afirmaram que não foram orientados sobre prática correta. Diante do exposto observa-se um número preocupante de medicamentos armazenados em casa, descarte inadequado e desinformação. Portanto necessita-se planejamento e estratégias em saúde pública a fim de minimizar este quadro.
Soroprevalência para infecção pelo vírus da hepatite c entre indivíduos atendidos no laboratório municipal de Santa Maria - RS
Authors: Lubini Renize Rosa , Beck Sandra Trevisan
Published: April 2020

Para determinar a soroprevalência para infecção pelo vírus da Hepatite C, foram analisados os resultados dos testes sorológicos para o marcador anti-HCV em 1416 indivíduos, atendidos no Laboratório Municipal de Santa Maria-RS, no período de Julho de 2008 a julho de 2010. A frequencia do marcador anti-HCV foi de 3,9%. Em relação ao sexo, entre os indivíduos reagentes 44% são do sexo feminino e 56% do sexo masculino. A média de idade nos dois grupos foi semelhante, sendo de 42 anos no sexo feminino (intervalo de 6-68 anos) e 40 anos no sexo masculino (intervalo de 1-71 anos). Pela prevalência sorológica encontrada, a infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C no município é discretamente maior que a relatada por outros estudos em outras regiões do Brasil, com faixa etária sugerindo infecção em um passado recente. Políticas públicas para identificação dos indivíduos infectados são necessárias para conter a transmissão deste agente infeccioso.Palavras chaves: Hepatite C; anticorpos, prevalência
Autonomia do idoso: escala de avaliação de capacidade de decisão
Authors: Crippa Anelise , Gomes Irenio , Terra Newton
Published: April 2020

Objetivou-se, através deste trabalho, criar e validar um instrumento capaz de auxiliar os juízes nas demandas relacionadas com a interdição, permitindo uma avaliação uniforme entre os casos. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um construto com 30 questões, passando pela avaliação de expert’s. Surge, assim, a ESCADE – Escala de Avaliação de Capacidade de Decisão, com 18 questõesfinais, com confiabilidade e validade adequadas, com alfa de Cronbach de 0,814, dividido em quatro domínios: atividade diária, gestão financeira, autogestão e bem-estar. Conclui-se, assim, que se está diante de um questionário auxiliar, que busca instrumentalizar as análises judiciais, com pertinência e eficácia para tal tarefa, sendo ainda pertinente ressaltar a viabilidade de identificar, através dos domínios apresentados, a área de maior dificuldade apresentada pelo possível interdito, o que pode ensejar seu uso, também, na tomada de decisão apoiada.
Tendência das proporções de casos notificados de Esquistossomose nos municípios endêmicos da Paraíba
Authors: Deininger Layza De Souza Chaves , Silva Camila Ribeiro da , Melo Bruna Taísa Nóbrega , Pessôa Hilzeth De Luna Freire , Silva Allan Batista , Cavalcante Ulanna Maria Bastos , Souza Saul De Azevedo , Lima Caliandra Maria Bezerra Luna
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: estudar a tendência das proporções de casos notificados de Esquistossomose nos municípios endêmicos da Paraíba entre 2005 e 2014. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados utilizados foram secundários, disponíveis no site do DATASUS através do SISPCE, entre os anos de 2005 e 2014, coletados no período de outubro de 2016. Foram realizados testes estatísticos, com auxílio do software R, para igualdade de proporções e teste de tendência de proporções. Resultados: Os casos de esquistossomose na Paraíba diminuíram no período analisado. O município de Alhandra e Caaporã não apresentaram tendência com base no teste. Já as cidades de João Pessoa, Sapé, Pitimbu, Conde apresentaram tendência decrescente e Lucena tendência crescente. Conclusão: Programas de controle da esquistossomose no estado da Paraíba apresentaram impactos positivos, levando a uma diminuição no número de casos na maioria das cidades em estudo.
Prevalência de obesidade na infância em diferentes agrupamentos sociais e a importância de estratégias pedagógicas
Authors: Berleze Adriana , Haeffner Leris Salete Bonfanti , Valentini Nadia Cristina
Published: April 2020

Esta pesquisa investigou a prevalência de obesidade de crianças, entre 6 a 8 anos de idade, da 1ª série do Ensino Fundamental, em diferentes agrupamentos sociais, da cidade de Santa Maria-RS. Participaram deste estudo 424 crianças (212 meninas e 212 meninos) distribuídas nos agrupamentos 1 (região central, classe média), 2 (região periférica, classe média), e 3 (região periférica, classe pobre). Peso e estatura foi medida em cada sujeito. Sobrepeso e obesidade foi definida pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC, kg/m2) do percentil 85 a 95 e > 95, respectivamente. A referência utilizada foi do NCHS. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e chi2 (p < 0,05). Os resultados mostram uma prevalência de obesidade de 29,95% na amostra e semelhança entre agrupamentos e gêneros. A presença de sobrepeso e obesidade no início da idade escolar reforça a importância de hábitos saudáveis na infância, tanto na alimentação como na prática sistemática de atividades motoras.
The origins of information processing preferences in politics: Examining parental influence
Authors: Bougher Lori D. , Lau Richard R.
Published: April 2020

Cognitive motivations (e.g., need for cognition and need to evaluate) and decision strategies (e.g., rational choice vs. heuristic-based) importantly shape political understanding, evaluations, and vote choice. Despite the importance of these cognitive factors, few studies have examined their origins. Adopting an exploratory framework with a primary focus on parental influence, we uniquely address this research gap by identifying potential pathways through which parents can affect this development. Using a convenience sample of college students who participated in a 10-week panel study with their parents, we reveal that, unlike many other political characteristics, there is little parent-child similarity in cognitive motivations and decision strategies. We, however, find some similarity in the information search behaviors parents and children exhibit during the mock election campaign. The findings highlight the need to further investigate not only additional parenting behaviors, but also the socializing role of the information environment itself.
La imagen y empoderamiento de la mujer en el sector turístico
Authors: Barrientos-Báez Almudena , Parra-López Eduardo , Martínez-González José Alberto
Published: April 2020

The tourism sector in both the public and private spheres is a key partner in the efforts to promote gender equality and empower women. Many times it is the personal identity itself that is affected by the lack of rights and opportunities that detract from women´s autonomy and that is evident in most cultures, necessarily establishing actions to eradicate this circumstance.

Logical development od the subjet: This article raises the relationship between the tourism industry and the level of professional achievement achieved by women in their work, through a thorough literature review on the interaction between corporate governance, gender equality and business results in the global tourism industry. This article raises the relationship between the tourism industry and the level of professional achievement achieved by women in their work, through a thorough literature review on the interaction between corporate governance, gender equality and business results in the global tourism industry. The data on the application of policies that affect gender diversity obtained through different websites, are highly disparate and heterogeneous, which shows a somewhat disappointing situation framing it in the 21st century where it implies that gender equity and equality should be reflected in all areas of the personal and professional life of the human being.

Research limitations/implications: Educational implications are contemplated on the real professional situation that women experience today, emotions, and their practical application in the teaching-learning process aimed at the development and optimization of the vision that must be had regarding its situation in the corporate sector. We believe that in the present situation, measures should be implemented to achieve effective and real equality between women and men with the aim of achieving improvements in our society.
Updating Lead and Copper Rule Sample‐ Site Selection: Best Practices From an Innovative Pilot Program
Authors: Arnold Roger B. , Wang Luke , Lopez Talle , James Sophie , Blute Nicole
Published: April 2020

Key Takeaways

Using records research, geospatial analysis, and focused customer outreach, Cal Water's pilot program improved the accuracy of its Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) sample‐site selection.

Following best practices to review and update a system's sample‐site selection program can ensure that lead‐and‐copper data reflect high‐risk sites.

Effective lead‐and‐copper sampling plans allow water utilities to make critical corrosion‐control and water quality improvement decisions to protect public health.

Updating LCR sampling plans will be necessary for continued compliance with the forthcoming LCR Revisions.
A Layman's Guide to High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: McKenna Elizabeth , Sharma Priyamvada , McCurry Daniel L. , Hanigan David
Published: April 2020

Key Takeaways

Mass spectrometry is a tool that allows researchers to identify and quantify molecules using their known mass.

The entertainment industry has made lab analysis seem easy, but identifying chemicals in a solution is very complex.

There are different types of mass spectrometry, each with variable analytical power and associated cost.

Understanding the basics of mass spectrometry helps water professionals realize the full capabilities of lab instruments and comprehend the conclusions and limitations of water research.
Cultivation, cultivar, and topdressing moisture effects on settling of topdressing sand
Authors: Bearss Ryan C. , Rogers John N. , Crum James R.
Published: April 2020

Two desirable traits consistent in emerging creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) cultivars are increased canopy density and fine leaf texture. Although the former is often associated with reduced incorporation of applied materials into the turf system, the effects of the latter have not yet been characterized. Some practitioners believe these boundaries can be overcome by topdressing with a dried sand, which they propose settles differently than conventional moist sand. In 2018, two topdressing studies were conducted to evaluate incorporation of moist and dried topdressing sands when applied to six creeping bentgrass cultivars of varying textures into vertically mowed and uncultivated systems. Cultivars were topdressed with dried sand or with moist sand and then incorporated with one of two brushing systems. Across trials, neither brush consistently outperformed the other. A larger proportion of applied topdressing sand was retained by the vertically mowed system and was unaffected by the moisture content of sand. Less sand was retained by uncultivated systems, and the distribution of both sands changed significantly. For moist sands, finer‐textured cultivars, in general, corresponded with greater removal of coarse fractions and a greater retention of fine fractions. Therefore, we provide supporting evidence that topdressing into vertically mowed systems, regardless of sand moisture content, results in enhanced sand incorporation. When topdressing uncultivated, fine‐textured bentgrass putting green systems, however, practitioners could benefit from topdressing with dried sands.
Waste‐Derived Heteroatom‐Doped Activated Carbon/Manganese Dioxide Trio‐Composite for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Wadekar Pravin H. , Khose Rahul V. , Pethsangave Dattatray A. , Some Surajit
Published: April 2020

The utilization of biological‐waste materials to synthesize heteroatom‐doped activated carbon (AC), followed by metal oxide functionalization for high‐performance supercapacitors is described. Herein, easily available and cheap biowaste, i.e., cow dung (CD), and low priced‐nontoxic waste melamine sponge (MS) are consumed to produce nitrogen‐doped AC followed by functionalization with economically inexpensive manganese dioxide (MnO2), that is utilized to provide an efficient energy‐storage material. The use of CD, MS, and MnO2 materials furnishes the process with sustainability, cost‐effectiveness, and safe components for the doping of heteroatoms and metal oxide on the carbon framework for energy‐storage applications. The subsequent material exhibits maximum specific capacitance, i.e., 424 F g−1, at a current density of 1 A g−1, which relates to maximum power as well as the energy density of 1817 W kg−1 and 47.7 Wh kg−1, respectively. The resultant material shows high‐performance specific capacitance and excellent cyclic stability for supercapacitor applications. This modest process of the direct production of N‐doped AC followed by MnO2 functionalization is a simple, economical, large production of a nanomaterial prototype for different applications including supercapacitor applications.
Digitization for Highly Accurate 3D Laser Processing of Customer‐specific Tools
Authors: Dold Claus Alexander , Eberle Gregory , Heger Christian
Published: April 2020

Cutting tool manufacturing by laser technology has developed quickly during the past fifteen years. Compared to conventional machining methods such as grinding or eroding, laser processing does not require any additional elements such as coolant, grinding wheels, erosion wire, discs, etc. If ultrashort laser pulses are used together with optimized laser parameters, heat input into the material can be negligible. Additionally, there are no processing forces or tool wear present during laser manufacturing. For these many reasons, autonomous production of metallic or diamond tools is feasible and highly interesting.
Relapse of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis immediately after completion of effective anti‐tuberculosis treatments
Authors: Kimura Yuya , Shimada Masahiro , Kawashima Masahiro , Yamane Akira , Nagai Hideaki , Matsui Hirotoshi
Published: April 2020

Most cases of lymph node enlargement after completing tuberculosis (TB) treatment are due to paradoxical reaction (PR), not relapse, and therefore, do not require re‐treatment. We herein report a case of a 28‐year‐old man who had developed cervical TB lymphadenitis and exhibited re‐enlargement of the same lymph nodes one month after completing effective TB chemotherapy, which was microbiologically proven as relapse. The patient noticed painful cervical lymphadenopathy one month after completion of chemotherapy for TB lymphadenitis. Combination chemotherapy with multiple anti‐TB drugs was resumed with suspicion of relapse. But, with his symptoms having worsened, surgical excision was performed. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from the dissected lymph nodes. Early regrowth of the lymph nodes after completing treatment can derive from microbiological relapse, in addition to PR. Surgical excision was useful for the microbiological diagnosis of the relapse. We must take care of lymph node re‐enlargement in consideration of TB relapse.
Impact of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations on ovarian reserve and fertility preservation outcomes in young women with breast cancer
Authors: Porcu Eleonora , Cillo Giulia Maria , Cipriani Linda , Sacilotto Federica , Notarangelo Leonardo , Damiano Giuseppe , Dirodi Maria , Roncarati Ilaria
Published: April 2020

Purpose

To determine the impact of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations on ovarian reserve and fertility preservation outcome. The main purpose and research question of the study is to determine the impact of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations on ovarian reserve and fertility preservation outcomes.

Methods

Prospective study: 67 breast cancer patients between 18 and 40 years old, undergoing a fertility preservation by means of oocyte storage were considered. Inclusions criteria for the study were age between 18 and 40 years old, BMI between 18 and 28, breast cancer neoplasm stage I and II according to American Joint Committee on Cancer classification (2017) and no metastasis. Exclusion criteria: age over 40 years old, BMI < 18 and > 28, breast cancer neoplasm stage III and IV and do not performed the BRCA test. A total of 21 patients had not performed the test and were excluded. Patients were divided into four groups: Group A was composed by 11 breast cancer patients with BRCA 1 mutations, Group B was composed by 11 breast cancer patients with BRCA 2 mutations, Group C was composed by 24 women with breast cancer without BRCA mutations, and Group D (control) was composed by 181 normal women.

Results

Group A showed significant lower AMH levels compared to Group C and D (1.2 ± 1.1 vs 4.5 ± 4.1 p < 0.05 and 1.2 ± 1.1 vs 3.8 ± 2.5 p < 0.05). BRCA1 mutated patients showed a significant lower rate of mature oocytes (MII) compared to Group C (3.1 ± 2.3 vs 7.2 ± 4.4 p < 0,05) and Group D (3.1 ± 2.3 vs 7.3 ± 3.4; p < 0,05). Breast cancer patients needed a higher dose of gonadotropins compared to controls (Group A 2206 ± 1392 Group B2047.5 ± 829.9 Group C 2106 ± 1336 Group D 1597 ± 709 p < 0,05). No significant differences were found among the groups considering basal FSH levels, duration of stimulation, number of developed follicles, and number of total retrieved oocytes. Regarding BRCA2 mutation, no effect on fertility was shown in this study.

Conclusions

The study showed that BRCA1 patients had a higher risk of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) confirmed by a diminished ovarian reserve and a lower number of mature oocytes suitable for cryopreservation.
ON THE EIGENVALUES AND THE NODAL POINTS OF THE EIGENFUNCTIONS OF SOME EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS WITH EIGENPARAMETER-DEPENDENT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Authors: CHAN CHI-HUA , HUANG PO-CHUN
Published: April 2020

Consider the following two eigenvalue problems: (0.1)
\begin{cases}\label{eqn:1abs}y"(x)+[\lambda^2-q(x)]y(x)=0, 0 \leq x \leq \pi,\\[3pt] y(0)=0, ay'(\pi)+\lambda y(\pi)=0, \end{cases}
and (0.2)
\begin{cases} z"(x)+[\mu^2-q(x)]z(x)=0, 0 \leq x \leq \pi,\\[3pt] z'(0)=0, az'(\pi)+\mu z(\pi)=0, \end{cases}

where
$q(x)$
is real-valued and integrable on [0,
$\pi$
]. Let
$\{\lambda_n\}_{n\in \mathbb{Z}\setminus \{0\}}$
and
$\{\mu_n\}_{n\in \mathbb{Z}\setminus \{0\}}$
denote the eigenvalues of equations (0.1) and (0.2), respectively. Then

\[\cdots\lt\mu_{-3}\lt\lambda_{-2}\lt\mu_{-2}\lt\lambda_{-1}\lt\mu_{-1}\lt\mu_1\lt\lambda_1\lt\mu_2\lt\lambda_2\lt\mu_3\lt\cdots.\]
Moreover, the number of zeros of the eigenfunctions of (0.1) ((0.2), respectively) corresponding to
$\lambda_n$
(
$\mu_n$
, respectively) in (0,
$\pi$
) is equal to
$|n|-1$
.
Emerging trends: Subwords, seriously?
Authors: Church Kenneth Ward
Published: April 2020

Subwords have become very popular, but the BERTa and ERNIEb tokenizers often produce surprising results. Byte pair encoding (BPE) trains a dictionary with a simple information theoretic criterion that sidesteps the need for special treatment of unknown words. BPE is more about training (populating a dictionary of word pieces) than inference (parsing an unknown word into word pieces). The parse at inference time can be ambiguous. Which parse should we use? For example, “electroneutral” can be parsed as electron-eu-tral or electro-neutral, and “bidirectional” can be parsed as bid-ire-ction-al and bi-directional. BERT and ERNIE tend to favor the parse with more word pieces. We propose minimizing the number of word pieces. To justify our proposal, a number of criteria will be considered: sound, meaning, etc. The prefix, bi-, has the desired vowel (unlike bid) and the desired meaning (bi is Latin for two, unlike bid, which is Germanic for offer).
Young radio sources at high-energies and the γ-ray CSO PKS 1718–649
Authors: Migliori Giulia
Published: April 2020

Observations at high-energies are important to define the first stages of the evolution of extragalactic radio sources and to characterize the interstellar medium of their host galaxies. In some of the X-ray-observed Compact Symmetric Objects (CSOs, among the youngest and most compact radio galaxies), we measured values of the total hydrogen column densities large enough to slow or prevent the radio source growth. The γ-ray window has the potential to constrain the non-thermal contribution of jets and lobes to the total high-energy emission. However, so far, young radio sources remain elusive in γ-rays, with only a handful of detections (or candidates) reported by Fermi. I present our γ-ray study of the CSO PKS 1718–649, and draw comparison with the restarted, γ-ray detected, radio galaxy 3C 84.
Particle acceleration and the origin of the very high energy emission around black holes and relativistic jets
Authors: de Gouveia Dal Pino Elisabete M. , Kowal Grzegorz , Kadowaki Luis , Medina-Torrejón Tania E. , Mizuno Yosuke , Singh Chandra
Published: April 2020

Particle acceleration induced by fast magnetic reconnection may help to solve current puzzles related to the interpretation of the very high energy (VHE) and neutrino emissions from AGNs and compact sources in general. Our general relativistic-MHD simulations of accretion disk-corona systems reveal the growth of turbulence driven by MHD instabilities that lead to the development of fast magnetic reconnection in the corona. In addition, our simulations of relativistic MHD jets reveal the formation of several sites of fast reconnection induced by current-driven kink turbulence. The injection of thousands of test particles in these regions causes acceleration up to energies of several PeVs, thus demonstrating the ability of this process to accelerate particles and produce VHE and neutrino emission, specially in blazars. Finally, we discuss how reconnection can also explain the observed VHE luminosity-black hole mass correlation, involving hundreds of non-blazar sources like Perseus A, and black hole binaries.
An X-band gain-enhanced bidirectional antenna array using strip-loaded dielectric resonator operating in TE3δ1 mode
Authors: Yang Ling-Ling , Ke Yan-Hui , Chen Jian-Xin
Published: April 2020

A bidirectional dielectric resonator (DR) antenna array using back-to-back quasi-Yagi antenna configuration is proposed and implemented for the first time. The DR operating at higher-order TE3δ1 mode is used as a magnetic dipole, applying for the driver of quasi-Yagi antenna. Due to the high-order mode employment, the antenna gain can be enhanced. By partially loading the metallic strip on the side wall of the DR, the gain can be further enhanced. In addition, a simple dual Marchand balun is constructed for feeding the two quasi-Yagi antennas directly for bidirectional radiation. To verify the design concept, a prototype operating at the X-band is fabricated and measured. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results can be observed.
Strategic reconstruction of macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles as a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent
Authors: Rayamajhi Sagar , Marasini Ramesh , Nguyen Tuyen Duong Thanh , Plattner Brandon L. , Biller David , Aryal Santosh
Published: April 2020

Reconstruction of extracellular vesicles with imaging agents allows precise downstream analysis using clinical imaging modalities, for example, MRI. This will further improve the biocompatibility of agents thereby enhancing clinical investigations.
Formation kinetics of Sr0.25Ba0.75Nb2O6 and Li2B4O7 crystals from 0.25SrO–0.75BaO–Nb2O5–Li2O–2B2O3 glass
Authors: Baek Chang Gyu , Rim Young Hoon , Ko Jae-Hyeon , Kim Chang-Seok , Yang Yong Suk
Published: April 2020

We have investigated the transition kinetics of Sr0.25Ba0.75Nb2O6 (SBN) and Li2B4O7 (LBO) crystals from 0.25SrO–0.75BaO–Nb2O5–Li2O–2B2O3 (SBNLBO) glass under isothermal and non-isothermal processes.
Tracking Early Sentence-Building Progress in Graphic Symbol Communication
Authors: Binger Cathy , Kent-Walsh Jennifer , Harrington Nancy , Hollerbach Quinn C.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

As is the case with children who rely on spoken language, speech-language pathologists must support and track the expressive language development of children with complex communication needs who use graphic symbols to communicate. This research note presents a framework of the progression of expressive English sentence development using graphic symbols and introduces possible approaches for measuring and analyzing graphic symbol use.

Method

Current issues in measuring graphic symbol utterances are explored, and a range of measures designed to analyze individual graphic symbol utterances as well as larger samples of utterances are presented.

Results

Both the Graphic Symbol Utterance and Sentence Development Framework and suggested measures are based on years of graphic symbol intervention research, including two large ongoing research studies of preschoolers with severe speech impairments. Our framework adapts the work of Hadley (2014) to depict expressive language progression from early symbol combinations to childlike and adultlike sentences and highlights developmental patterns unique to graphic symbol productions. Adaptations of existing measures (such as mean length of utterance) as well as measures unique to graphic symbol analyses are presented and discussed.

Conclusion

To accurately track changes in early graphic symbol utterance growth and complexity, a multidimensional approach, which includes analyses such as symbol relevance, word class diversity, and lexical diversity, is recommended.
Does Time Compression Decrease Intelligibility for Female Talkers More Than for Male Talkers?
Authors: Johnson Eric M. , Morgan Shae D. , Ferguson Sarah Hargus
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This preliminary investigation compared effects of time compression on intelligibility for male versus female talkers. We hypothesized that time compression would have a greater effect for female talkers.

Method

Sentence materials from four talkers (two males) were time compressed, and original-speed and time-compressed speech materials were presented in a background of 12-talker babble to young adult listeners with normal hearing. Each talker/processing condition was heard by eight listeners (total
N
= 64). Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to determine the effects of and interaction between processing condition and talker sex on keyword intelligibility. Additional post hoc analyses examined whether processing condition effects were related to talker vowel space and word frequency.

Results

For original-speed sentences, female and male talkers were essentially equally intelligible. Time compression reduced intelligibility for all talkers, but the effect was significantly greater for the female talkers. Supplementary analyses revealed that the effect of time compression depended on both talker vowel space and word frequency: The detrimental effect decreased significantly as word frequency and vowel space increased. Word frequency effects were also greater overall for talkers with larger vowel spaces.

Conclusions

While the small talker sample limits conclusions about the effects of talker sex, the secondary analyses suggest that intelligibility of talkers with larger vowel spaces is less susceptible to the negative effect of time compression, especially for high-frequency words.
Platelets in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: Two Sides of the Coin
Authors: Lutz Prof. Dr. med. Jens , Jurk PD Dr. rer. nat. Kerstin
Published: April 2020

Rates of thrombosis and bleeding episodes are both increased in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). The pathogenic mechanisms of thrombosis in these patients include platelet activation, increased formation of platelet-leukocyte conjugates, and platelet-derived microparticles, as well as effects of uremic toxins on platelets. On the other side of the coin, platelet hyporeactivity mediated by uremic toxins and anemia contributes to the increased bleeding risk in advanced CKD. Platelets also contribute to the inflammatory environment, thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases in these patients. This review provides insights into the altered platelet function in advanced stages of CKD and their relationship with risks of thrombosis and bleeding. Particularly, the effect of dialysis on platelets will be discussed. Furthermore, therapeutic options with respect to thrombotic disorders as well as bleeding in patients with CKD are reviewed.
Obesity Paradox—Does It Exist in the Contemporary South Indian Post-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Population?
Authors: Sunitha Aramalla , Shaik Shabbir Ali , Garre Indrani
Published: April 2020

Background Obesity is a predisposing factor for atherosclerotic coronary arterial disease. Many studies have shown a protective effect of obesity for major adverse cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Aim The main purpose of this article is to assess the clinical characteristics, invasive angiographic features, and in-hospital cardiovascular events in obese patients compared with normal and underweight patients. We wanted to know the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and outcomes after PCI.

Methods We conducted a prospective study among patients undergoing PCI. Between 2017 and 2019, we included 1,669 participants. Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the effect of BMI on in-hospital adverse events.

Results The patients were classified into four groups: obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25 to <29.9 kg/m2), normal BMI (BMI 18.51 to <24.9 kg/m2), and underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2). Of 1,669 enrolled patients, 1,233 were men, and 436 were women. Among the women, 19 (35.8%) were underweight, 214(25.4%) were normal having normal BMI, 137 (23.5%) were overweight, and 66 (34%) were obese. Among the men, 34 (2.7%) were underweight, 626 (51%) has normal BMI, 445(36%) were overweight, and 128 (10.3%) were obese. Among 840 patients with normal BMI, 797 (95.4%) had no in-hospital events, 39 (4.6%) had in-hospital events. Among 582 patients who were overweight, 30 (5%) had in-hospital events, and 551 (95%) had no in-hospital events. Among 194 patients who were obese, 9 (4.6%) had in-hospital events and 181 (95.4%) had no in-hospital events.

There were no in-hospital events in the underweight group. When in-hospital events were compared with different subgroups depending on the weight, it was not statistically significant (for obesity, p = 0.72, and underweight, p = 0.162). When the events in patients with higher than normal BMI (overweight and obese) were compared with events in underweight, it was statistically significant (p = 0.03). It means that a higher BMI was associated with a higher in-hospital event rate.

Conclusion A paradox regarding the association of higher BMI with decreased in-hospital events after PCI is not seen in contemporary south Indian post PCI patients.
Riparian and adjacent upland forests burned synchronously during dry years in eastern Oregon (1650–1900 CE), USA
Authors: Harley Grant L. , Heyerdahl Emily K. , Johnston James D. , Olson Diana L.
Published: April 2020

Riparian forests link terrestrial and freshwater communities and therefore understanding the landscape context of fire regimes in these forests is critical to fully understanding the landscape ecology. However, few direct studies of fire regimes exist for riparian forests, especially in the landscape context of adjacent upland forests or studies of long-term climate drivers of riparian forest fires. We reconstructed a low-severity fire history from tree rings in 38 1-ha riparian plots and combined them with existing fire histories from 104 adjacent upland plots to yield 2633 fire scars sampled on 454 trees. Historically (1650–1900), low-severity fires burned more frequently in upland than in riparian plots, but this difference was not significant (P=0.15). During more than half of the fire years at both sites, fires were extensive and burned synchronously in riparian and upland plots, and climate was significantly dry during these years. However, climate was not significantly dry when fires burned in only one plot type. Historically, entire riparian zones likely burned in these two study sites of the Blue Mountains during dry years. This study suggests that riparian and upland forests could be managed similarly, especially given the projected increases to fire frequency and intensity from impending climate change.
Phase field simulation of α/β microstructure in titanium alloy welds
Authors: Ahluwalia Rajeev , Laskowski Robert , Ng Nathaniel , Wong Mark , Quek Siu Sin , Wu David T
Published: April 2020

The microstructure formation during

β
→
α
+
β

transformation in heat affected zone of titanium alloy welds is studied using an approach combining a phase field solid-solid transformation model with a heat transfer finite element method (FEM). FEM is used to model macroscopic heat transfer during welding cycle and to compute the thermal history at several points across the weld. The thermal history is subsequently used as input to the phase field model describing microstructure evolution. The chemical component of Gibbs free energy, atomic mobility and elastic tensors are parameterized for Ti–6Al–4V using available literature data. A classical nucleation theory based model is parameterized using recent continuous cooling experiments and is used to account for nucleation events. The study explains the graded microstructures observed in titanium alloy welds and provides insights into the underlying processes that occur during welding.