bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intranasal Dexmedetomidine as Sedative for Medical Imaging in Young Children: A Systematic Review to Provide a Roadmap for an Evidence-guided Clinical Protocol
Authors: Hermans Kato , Ramaekers Larissa , Toelen Jaan , Vanhonsebrouck Koen , Allegaert Karel
Published: August 2022

There is an increasing need for effective anxiety and pain reduction during medical imaging procedures in children. This is a complex issue, addressed by both non-pharmacological or pharmacological approaches. Dexmedetomidine is a fairly recently marketed, selective α2-adrenergic agonist, and can be administered intranasally. To develop an evidence-guided clinical protocol, we investigated its (side)-effects, preconditions and safety aspects following intranasal dexmedetomidine in children (1 month-5 years) for procedural sedation during medical imaging. To do so, a systematic search (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL (12/2021)) was performed to identify clinical studies on intranasal dexmedetomidine for procedural sedation for medical imaging (Computer Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging). Following screening and quality assessment, 8 studies were retained. Nasal nebulization was considered the best administration method, dosing varied between 2 to 4 µg/kg (age-dependent) 30-45 minutes prior to imaging, and contra-indications or restrictions on oral intake were somewhat consistent across studies. Valid sedation scores were routinely used to assess sedation and the need for rescue dosing, while discharge was generally based on the Aldrete score (score ≥9). Heart rate, blood pressure and saturation were routinely monitored, with commonly observed bradycardia or hypotension (decrease by 20%). Based on these findings, a roadmap for evidence-guided clinical protocol was generated.
Polyetherimide Reinforced Smart Inlays for Bondline Surveillance in Composites
Authors: Von der Heide Chresten , Steinmetz Julian , Völkerink Oliver , Makiela Patrick , Hühne Christian , Sinapius Michael , Dietzel Andreas
Published: August 2022

We present an integrable, sensor inlay for monitoring crack initiation and growth inside bondlines of structural carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) components. The sensing structures are sandwiched between crack stopping polyvinyliden fluoride (PVDF) and a thin reinforcing polyetherimide (PEI) layer. Good adhesion at all interfaces of the sensor system and to the CFRP material is crucial as weak bonds can counteract the desired crack stopping functionality. At the same time, the chosen reinforcing layer must withstand high strains, safely support the metallic measuring grids and possess outstanding fatigue strength. We show that this robust sensor system, which measures the strain at two successive fronts inside the bondline, allows to recognize cracks in the proximity of the inlay regardless of the mechanical loads. Feasibility is demonstrated by static load tests as well as cyclic long-term fatigue testing with up to 1,000,000 cycles. In addition to pure crack detection, crack distance estimation based on sensor signals is illustrated. The inlay integration process is developed with respect to industrial applicability. Thus, implementation of the proposed system will allow the potential of lightweight CFRP constructions to be better exploited by expanding the possibilities of structural adhesive bonding.
Optima and Simplicity in Nature
Authors: Dingle Kamaludin
Published: August 2022

Why are simple, regular, and symmetric shapes common in nature? Many natural shapes arise as solutions to energy minimisation or other optimisation problems, but is there a general relation between optima and simple, regular shapes and geometries? Here we argue from algorithmic information theory that for objective functions common in nature --- based on physics and engineering laws --- optimal geometries will be simple, regular, and symmetric. Further, we derive a null model prediction that if a given geometry is an optimal solution for one natural objective function, then it is a priori more likely to be optimal or close to optimal for another objective function.
Confront or Comply? Managing Social Risks in China’s Urban Renewal Projects
Authors: Mai Yetong , Wu Junzhu , Zhang Qianying , Liang Qiqi , Ma Yingying , Liu Zhuojun
Published: August 2022

Social sustainability is the major concern of planners and local officials when urban renewal projects are being conducted. Extreme individualism can potentially cause conflicts of interest, making urban renewal in Western cities fraught with various types of social risks. As a country with deep-rooted socialist tradition, urban renewal projects in China are influenced by collectivist culture and show different features from those of the West. The objective of this research is to investigate how different stakeholders in urban redevelopment projects, including local residents, social organizations, the local state, and developers, interact with each other and how the associated social risks are hedged against. Using a recent well-known project in the city of Guangzhou, the authors attempt to present the latest progress in social risk management in China. With the support from a government-sponsored project, the authors have conducted a questionnaire-based survey and year-long follow-up fieldwork. Using ATLAS.ti software, we found that that “residents’ demand”, “status of collaboration”, and “degree of trust” are the keys to risk management. The results of an ordered probit model show that residents are worried about the overall planning, the relocation timetable, and whether their personal needs are taken into account. It is also indicated that the timely disclosure of project information, high-quality public participation, and a reasonable compensation plan can possibly boost the support rate. The authors suggest that utilizing China’s collectivist culture could be an effective way to mitigate social risks, and residents’ personal interests should also be respected.
Mitochondrial Control Region Variants Related to Breast Cancer
Authors: Hernández Luis Enrique , Vega Avalos Jorge Hermilo , Zuñiga Laura Yareni , Sánchez-Parada Maria Guadalupe , González Santiago Ana Elizabeth , Román Pintos Luis Miguel , Castañeda Arellano Rolando , Hernández Ortega Luis Daniel , Mercado Sesma Arieh Roldan , Orozco-Luna Felipe de Jesús , Baptista-Rosas Raul C.
Published: August 2022

Breast cancer has an important incidence in the worldwide female population. Although alterations in the mitochondrial genome probably play an important role in carcinogenesis, the actual evidence is ambiguous and inconclusive. The purpose of the present work was to explore mitochondrial sequences of clinical cases with breast cancer from different origins and determine the polymorphisms associated. The search for complete and partial mtDNA sequences obtained from breast cancer patients and controls was performed in NCBI Genbank database. We identified 124 mtDNA sequences associated to breast cancer cases of which 86 were complete and 38 partial sequences. Of these 86 complete sequences, 52 belong to patients with a confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer and 34 sequences were obtained from healthy mammary tissue of the same patients used as controls. From mtDNA analysis, two polymorphisms with significative statistical differences were found in D130 in sequences analyzed: m.310del (rs869289246) in 34.6% (27/78) breast cancer cases and 61.7% (21/34) of controls; and m.315dup (rs369786048) in 60.2% (47/78) of breast cancer cases and 38.2% (13/34) of controls. Also, the variant m.16519T>C (rs3937033) was found in 59% of control sequences and 52% of breast cancer sequences with a significant statistical difference. Polymorphic changes are evolutionarily related to haplogroup H of Indo-European and Euro Asiatic origins, however, were found in all non-European sequences with breast cancer.
First Genomic Evidence of a Henipa-like Virus in Brazil
Authors: Hernández Leonardo H. Almeida , da Paz Thito Y. Bezerra , Silva Sandro Patroca da , Silva Fábio S. da , Barros Bruno C. Veloso de , Nunes Bruno T. Diniz , Casseb Lívia M. Neves , Medeiros Daniele B. Almeida , Vasconcelos Pedro F. da Costa , Cruz Ana Cecília Ribeiro
Published: August 2022

The viral genus Henipavirus includes two highly virulent zoonotic viruses of serious public health concern. Hendra henipavirus and Nipah henipavirus outbreaks are restricted to Australia and Southeast Asia, respectively. Henipavirus genus comprises mostly bat-borne viruses, but exceptions have already been described with novel viruses having rodents and shrews as reservoir animals. In the Americas, scarce evidence supports the circulation of these viruses. In this communication, we report a novel henipa-like virus from opossums (Marmosa demerarae) from a forest fragment area at Peixe-Boi municipality, Brazil, after which the virus was named the Peixe-Boi virus (PBV). The application of next-generation sequencing and metagenomic approach led us to discover the original evidence of a henipa-like virus genome in Brazil and South America and the original description of henipaviruses in marsupial species. These findings emphasize the importance of further studies to characterize PBV and clarify its ecology, impact on public health and its relationship with didelphid marsupials and other henipaviruses.
First Draft Genome Assembly of the Peruvian Creole Cattle Breed (Bos taurus) and its Comparative Genomics among the Bovinae Subfamily
Authors: Estrada Richard , Corredor Flor-Anita , Figueroa Deyanira , Salazar Wilian , Quilcate Carlos , Vásquez Héctor V. , Maicelo Jorge L. , Gonzales Jhony , Arbizu Carlos I.
Published: August 2022

The Peruvian creole cattle (PCC) is a neglected breed, and is an essential livestock resource in the Andean region of Peru. To develop a modern breeding program and conservation strategies for the PCC, a better understanding of the genetics of this breed is needed. We sequenced the whole genome of the PCC using a paired-end 150 strategy on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform, obtaining 320 GB of sequencing data. The obtained genome size of the PCC was 2.77 Gb with a contig N50 of 108Mb and 92.59% complete BUSCOs. Also, we identified 40.22% of repetitive DNA of the genome assembly, of which retroelements occupy 32.39% of the total genome. A total of 19,803 protein-coding genes were annotated in the PCC genome. We downloaded proteomes and genomes of the Bovinae subfamily, and conducted a comparative analysis with our draft genome. Phylogenomic analysis showed that PCC is related to Bos indicus. Also, we identified 7,746 family genes shared among the Bovinae subfamily. This first PCC genome is expected to contribute to a better understanding of its genetics to adapt to the tough conditions of the Andean ecosystem, and evolution.
A Comprehensive Study of De Novo Mutations on Protein-protein Interaction Interface Provides New Insights in Developmental Delay
Authors: Maharjan Dhruba Tara , Song Weichen , Liu Zhe , Wang Weidi , Cai Wenxiang , Chen Jue , Xu Fei , Ying Weihai , Lin Guan Ning
Published: August 2022

Mutations, especially those at the protein-protein interaction (PPI) interface, have been associated with various diseases. Meanwhile, though de novo mutations (DNMs) have been proven important in neuropsychiatric disorders, such as developmental delay (DD), the relationship between PPI interface DMNs and DD has not been well studied. Here we curated developmental delay DNM datasets from the PsyMuKB database and showed that DD patients showed a higher rate and deleteriousness in DNM missense on the PPI interface than sibling control. Next, we identified 302 DD-related PsychiPPIs, defined as PPI harboring a statistically significant number of DNM missenses at their interface, and 42 DD candidate genes from PsychiPPI. We then observed that PsychiPPIs preferentially affected hub proteins in the human protein interactome network. When analyzing DD candidate genes using gene ontology and gene spatio-expression, we found that PsychiPPI genes carrying PPI interface mutations, such as FGFR3 and ALOX5, were enriched in development-related pathways and the development of the neocortex, and cerebellar cortex, suggesting their potential involvement in the etiology of DD. Our results demonstrated that DD patients carried an excess burden of PPI-truncating DNM, which could be used to efficiently search for disease-related genes and mutations in large-scale sequencing studies. In conclusion, our comprehensive study indicated the significant role of PPI interface DNMs in developmental delay pathogenicity.
Persuasion Strategies in Advertisements: Dataset, Modeling, and Baselines
Authors: Singla Yaman , Jha Rajat , Gupta Arunim , Aggarwal Milan , Garg Aditya , Bhardwaj Ayush , - Tushar , Krishnamurthy Balaji , Ratn Shah Rajiv , Chen Changyou
Published: August 2022

Modeling what makes an advertisement persuasive, i.e., eliciting the desired response from consumer, is critical to the study of propaganda, social psychology, and marketing. Despite its importance, computational modeling of per- suasion in computer vision is still in its infancy, primarily due to the lack of benchmark datasets that can provide persuasion-strategy labels associated with ads. Motivated by persuasion literature in social psychology and marketing, we introduce an extensive vocabulary of persuasion strategies and build the first ad image corpus annotated with persuasion strategies. We then formulate the task of persuasion strategy prediction with multi-modal learning, where we design a multi-task attention fusion model that can leverage other ad-understanding tasks to predict persuasion strategies. Further, we conduct a real-world case study on 1600 advertising campaigns of 30 Fortune-500 companies where we use our model’s predictions to analyze which strategies work with different demographics (age and gender). The dataset also provides image segmentation masks, which labels persuasion strategies in the corresponding ad images on the test split. We publicly release our code and dataset: https://midas-research.github.io/persuasion-advertisements/
New insight on the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis: A narrative review
Authors: Coaccioli Stefano , Sarzi Puttini Piercarlo , Zis Panagiotis , Rinonapoli Giuseppe , Varrassi Giustino
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT: Understanding the basis of osteoarthritis (OA) has seen some interesting advancements in recent years. It has been observed that cartilage degeneration is preceded by subchondral bone lesions, suggesting a key role of this mechanism within the pathogenesis and progression of OA, including the formation of ectopic bone and osteophytes. Moreover, low-grade, chronic inflammation of the synovial lining has gained a central role in the definition of OA pathophysiology, and central immunological mechanisms, innate but also adaptive, are now considered crucial in driving inflammation and tissue destruction. In addition, the role of neuroinflammation and central sensitization mechanisms has been characterized as underlying causes of pain chronicity. This has led to a renewed definition of OA, which is now intended as a complex multifactorial joint pathology caused by inflammatory and metabolic factors underlying joint damage. Since this evidence can directly affect the definition of the correct therapeutic approach to OA, an improved understanding of these pathophysiological mechanisms is fundamental. This review provides an overview of the most updated evidence on OA pathogenesis; it presents the most recent insight on the pathophysiology of OA, describing the interplay between immunological and biochemical mechanisms proposed to drive inflammation and tissue destruction, as well as central sensitization mechanisms. Moreover, although the therapeutic implications consequent to the renewed definition of OA are beyond this review scope, some suggestions for intervention have been addressed.
Entropy as the High-Level Feature for XAI-Based Early Plant Stress Detection
Authors: Lysov Maxim , Maximova Irina , Vasiliev Evgeny , Getmanskaya Alexandra , Turlapov Vadim
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to solving the problem of searching for universal explainable features that can remain explainable for a wide class of objects and phenomena and become an integral part of Explainable AI (XAI). The study is implemented on the example of an applied problem of early diagnostics of plant stress, using Thermal IR (TIR) and HSI, presented by 8 vegetation indices/channels. Each such index was presented by 5 statistical values. A Single-Layer-Perceptron classifier was used as the main instrument. TIR turned out to be the best of the indices in terms of efficiency in the field and sufficient to detect all 7 key days with 100% accuracy. Our study shows also that there are a number of indices, inluding NDVI, and usual color channels Red, Green, Blue, which are close to TIR possibilities in early plant stress detection with 100% accurasy or near, and can be used for wide class of plants and in different conditions their treatment. The stability of the stress classification in our study was maintained when the training set was reduced up to 10% of the dataset volume. The entropy-like feature of (max-min) for any indices/channels have determined as a leadersheep universal high-level explainable feature for the plant stress detection, which used in interaction with some of other statistical features.
Digitalisation Guide Book of Basic Physics Practicum Equilibrium Material
Authors: Tanti  , Kurniawan Dwi Agus , Anggraini Lika , Perdana Rahmat
Published: August 2022

This article presents research on inquiry-based e-modules for science process skills. This lab module is made with stages of development, implementation and evaluation adopted from branch. The purpose of this study is to determine the science process skills and perceptions of Jambi University physics education students after using basic physics e-module based on science process skills with inquiry models that use 3D pageflip application software. The results show that students who have used electronic modules have a better perception of electronic modules than ordinary modules they use, this is reinforced by the presence of a significant difference between students who use e-modules and those who do not, students are more interested in using electronic modules because it is easy carried anywhere and can be used anywhere.
The Effect of E-Module TRIAD Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja (KRR) on HIV Self-Efficacy in Preventing HIV Vulnerable Behaviour
Authors: Wilandika Angga , Kamila Ami , Sofiyah Yusi
Published: August 2022

HIV infection is one of the three threats to reproductive health in adolescents (TRIAD Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja). In order to reduce this risk to adolescents, a strategy is needed to prevent this problem by providing education through electronic modules or e-modules. Education with e-modules is expected to increase adolescent self-efficacy in preventing HIV risk behaviour. This study purpose was to determine the effect of education through e-module on changes in self-efficacy to prevent HIV risk behaviour in adolescents. This quantitative study used a single group pretest-posttest research design. The sample in this study were VIII grade junior high school students at one of the private schools in Bandung Regency which consisted of several classes by providing education using e-modules. There were 40 students involved in this research. The intervention given to students was education about the dangers of HIV and risk behaviours using E-Module of TRIAD Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja. Meanwhile, the instrument used in the study was the self-efficacy assessment instrument for the prevention of HIV-risk behaviour. The results of the study found that there was a change in the scores of self-efficacy in the prevention of HIV risk behaviour in students, before and after education through e-modules. Therefore, it can be concluded that e-module is effective in increasing adolescent self-efficacy. The results of this study become recommendations for academics and practitioners who are involved in the health sector for adolescents to implement an intervention to prevent risky behaviours that threaten adolescents, especially in relation to HIV/AIDS problems.
The Significance of Trimester-Specific Thyroid Hormones Reference Intervals in Iraqi Pregnant Women
Authors: Ahmad Hani Moslem , Alabdaly Moayad Aziz , Sulaiman Khairaldeen Mohammed
Published: August 2022

In Iraq, there is no obvious considerable data regarding trimester-specific reference intervals of thyroid hormones despite documented multiple physiological hormonal changes during pregnancy. Thus, this study aimed to determine trimester-specific reference intervals for serum TSH, FT3, and FT4 and assess the incidence of thyroid function test misinterpretation and misdiagnosis among pregnant women using non-pregnant reference intervals. A thyroid function test was performed for 774 enrolled pregnant women. Reference intervals of TSH, FT3, and FT4 were ascertained in each pregnancy trimester. It was then compared to the adult non-pregnant values, and the incidence of misinterpretation was later calculated. TSH and FT4 reference interval values were lower than non-pregnant reference interval values. The application of non-pregnant women references values in pregnant women caused a serious misinterpretation and misdiagnosis in 66 (8.5%) pregnant women regarding TSH, and 34 (4.4%) pregnant women regarding FT4, while no misdiagnosis was noticed regarding FT3. The trimester-specific reference interval values of TSH, FT3, and FT4 in Iraqi pregnant women showed an obvious variation from non-pregnant reference intervals and the urgent advice to use the trimester-specific reference intervals to avoid misclassification of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy.
ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFICULTY OF EXAM QUESTIONS AT STATE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Agustin Neli , Putri Septi Utari , Ganda Rafikan Aria , Walid Ahmad
Published: August 2022

The study aims to analyze level of difficulty of the exam questions for Class VII and VIII at junior high school Negeri 05 Bengkulu City. This study used a qualitative descriptive research design. The instrument used in this study was the text of the science exam questions for junior high school and equivalent. Higher order thinking skills are not only formed in the cognitive aspect but are able to improve the skills and effective aspects of students. One of them is the collected data is analyzed using the Difficulty Index formula. Data analysis used descriptive percentage. Calculate the individual value of each student in class VIII A of junior high school Negeri 05 Bengkulu City. The results showed that the analysis of the difficulty level of science exam questions for class VIII and VII Junior high schools Negeri 05 Bengkulu City for the 2020/2021 academic year had a difficult question category in class VII of only 30%, the easy question category was 70%, as well as class VIII. difficult category questions,30% of easy category questions, 30% moderate questions 40%. This shows that the quality of the exam questions is very good. A good measuring instrument test will produce good data, the teacher can know the student's ability correctly if the measuring instrument used is a good measuring instrument. Questions have very good/very good discriminating power. Matter of material, construction and some parts of the language need to be improved. Data collection tools used are through note takers and interview guides.
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF THE PARAGUAYAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM´S MANAGEMENT BASED ON CAPACITIES FOR THE SECONDARY LEVEL. A COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY WITH THE CURRICULUM OF QUEBEC
Authors: David Martinez , Susanti Diah , Teang Meng Huy
Published: August 2022

This study seeks to generate knowledge and scientific result based on a comparative case study of Canadian (Quebec) educational management for the improvement of the education quality in Paraguay. Also, this research will provide a basis for future studies that can aim at raising the quality of work with other countries to face educational projects in a short, medium and long term. It will provide data to the Government staff for making future decisions. This study is designed with respect to the qualitative research method, the theoretical research and comparative case study. The responses of the interview are essential to compare with the literature review and then make conclusions. These conclusions aim to show the possibility of implementing new strategies of educational management in Paraguay. In order to collect data two professionals in the field of education system from Paraguay and Canada (province of Quebec) will participate in this study by giving their knowledge, opinion and experiences applying a questionnaire. The overall finding of the study, based on these interviewee’s experiences and the literature review, indicates that the educational management based on capacities improvement has a positive impact on society in terms of inculcating new abilities, knowledge, and values among students to face real needs and issues of the real life. In this respect, this paper provides beneficial information explaining that teachers’ work, supported by an innovative, dynamic and participatory educational management, increases the quality of education of students
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TREFFINGER MODEL BASED STEM APPROACH TO STUDENTS’ CREATIVE THINKING SKILL
Authors: Lestari Eni , Hadi Sofwan
Published: August 2022

Creative thinking can encourage students to solve problem. Learning Treffinger model provides opportunities for students to understand the concept through the process of solving problems creatively. The approach used to support this model is STEM approach. STEM learning that encourages increased thinking skills creative. This research aims to determine the implementation learning with the STEM-based Treffinger model, the application of the Treffinger model based STEM on creative thinking skills, and factors that affect learning. This research uses an approach quantitative and using Quasi Experiment with the Posttest-only Design with Noneequivalent Group. Population that used are students of class VIII at SMP Ma'arif 1 Ponorogo total of 84 students. The reseach sample from control class was 28 students and from the experimental class a total of 29 students. Data analysis techniques that used are independent test sample t test. Based on the data analysis, it was found that (1) implementation of the Treffinger model learning based on STEM is carried out very well, (2) the ability to think creatively in the class that applies the model STEM-based Treffinger is better than non-implemented the model, (3) the teacher's ability to deliver the subject matter and students who play an active role have an important role in the implementation conducive learning.
INFLUENCE OF APPLICATION OF STEM LEARNING MODEL WITH SOSIOEMOTIONAL APPROACH TO IMPROVE LOGICAL THINKING ABILITY
Authors: Fuadah Luluk , Fatmahanik Ulum
Published: August 2022

The ability to think logically is one of the complex skills of the 21st century that is important to prepare for the world of work. But in fact students' logical thinking skills tend to be low because the learning model applied by the teacher tends to be monotonous so that understanding of the material and student activity becomes less. The STEM learning model with the socioemotional approach is one model that can solve these problems because it is an innovative learning model that is also integrated from several socioemotional-based disciplines that emphasizes student activity and is based on real-world problems so that it is suitable for improving logical thinking skills. This study aims to determine the relationship between the STEM learning model and the socioemotional approach in improving logical thinking skills. This research uses quantitative method with Quasi Experimental Design research type . Data were obtained from class VIII MTs Ma'arif Al-Mukarrom through observation and tests. The instruments used are learning tools (syllabus, lesson plans, and LKPD), observation sheets of student activities and implementation, and written tests of logical thinking skills. Data analysis using T test and N-Gain. The results showed that the implementation of the STEM learning model with a socioemotional approach was 89.50% and student activity was 90.84% in very good criteria. The T test results show a significance of 0.003 less than 0.005 so it can be concluded that there is a significant effect between the STEM learning model with the Socioemotional approach in improving logical thinking skills, also the N-Gain Test proves that the STEM learning model with the Socioemotional approach is more effective than the conventional model in improving logical thinking skills.
Problems of Mudharabah Financing in Islamic Banking After The Implementation of Qanun of Islamic Financial Institutions in Aceh
Authors: Yusmalinda Yusmalinda , Asmuni Asmuni , Tanjung Dhiauddin
Published: August 2022

The mudharabah contract has become one of the Islamic banking products legitimated by The National Sharia Board and Financial Services Authority. The Aceh government, through the Qanun of Islamic Financial Institutions, has emphasized that banking practices in Aceh must rely on sharia principles. The consequence of this regulation is that banks are only allowed to use sharia contracts in every financial and financing transaction. This research is an empirical juridical study with a sociological and normative approach. This approach was employed to analyze the use of mudharabah contracts from both practical and theoretical aspects. The results of this study indicate that although the mudharabah contract has been designated as one of the financing products in Islamic banking, the mudharabah contract is not fully applied for financing. The mudharabah contract is only implemented for corporate purposes, not for small traders. This is due to several things, including the high risk in mudharabah financing, low bank confidence in customers, fluctuating profits, and low-risk management. This study aims to analyze the problems of mudharabah financing after implementing the 2018 Qanun of Islamic Financial Institutions in Aceh. The results of this study can answer the main problems in the mudharabah contracts. Thus the mudharabah contract can be optimized in the financing system of Islamic banking in Aceh.Akad mudharabah sudah menjadi salah satu produk perbankan syariah yang mendapatkan legitimasi dari DSN-MUI dan OJK. Pemerintah Aceh melalui qanun lembaga keuangan syariah telah menegaskan bahwa praktik perbankan di Aceh harus menggunakan prinsip-prinsip syariah. Konsekuensi dari peraturan tersebut yaitu pihak perbankan hanya dapat menggunakan akad bernuansa syariah dalam setiap transaksi keuangan dan pembiayaan. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan sosiologi dan normatif. Pendekatan ini digunakan untuk menganalisis penggunaan akad mudhrabah baik dari aspek praktik dan teoritis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, meskipun akad mudharabah telah ditetapkan sebagai salah satu produk pembiayaan pada perbankan syariah, namun nyatanya akad mudharabah tidak sepenuhnya di gunakan dalam pembiayaan, akad mudharabah hanya digunakan untuk korporasi saja, tidak untuk pedagang kecil dan UMKM. Hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa hal; pertama, tingginya resiko dalam pembiayaan mudharabah; kedua, rendahnya kepercayaan perbankan terhadap nasabah; ketiga, keuntungan yang fluktuatif; keempat, lemahnya manajemen resiko. Penelitian ini berkontribusi untuk mengatasi  persoalan pembiayaan mudharabah pasca penerapan qanun lembaga keuangan syariah tahun 2018 di Aceh. Sehingga dengan hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi jalan keluar terhadap permasalahan utama dalam akad mudharabah, dan akad mudharabah dapat dioptimalkan dalam sistem pembiayaan pada perbankan syariah di Aceh.
ThGM cells as a prognostic and predictive marker for coronary heart disease
Authors: Mou Dachao , wu shasha , Jiao Ling , Zhou Yi , Bai xiufeng
Published: August 2022

Background
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is causing by the aberrant aggregation of immune cells in plaque. This study aimed to identify abnormal T cell subtypes and inflammatory factors in CHD patients.
Methods
In total, 141 patients with CHD and 46 healthy controls at the West China hospital (Chengdu, China) between June 2020 and August 2020 were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into five groups: Healthy control, SAP, UAP, AMI, and SCHD, based on the coronary angiography score and the clinical manifestations. Patients with any one of the following diseases were excluded: tumor, severe infectious disease, and severe inflammation. T cell subsets were analyzed using flow cytometry. Plasma concentration of cytokines were analyzed by Luminex.
Results
Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the number of ThGM cells was higher in CHD patients. The proportion of Th17 and Th1 cells were also increased in CHD patients. levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 were significantly higher in CHD patients (P < 0.05). However, levels of GM-CSF were slightly lower in CHD patients. The multivariate analysis included 187 participants. Of these, 46 did not develop heart failure, 17 developed SCHD, 20 developed SAP, 69 developed UAP, and 35 developed AMI. In multivariate analysis, BMI, Hyperlipaemia, Hypertension, Total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL were not associated with CHD or GM-CSF expressing cell number. Using ANOVA for CHD clinical score studies. Using the student’s t test to assess between groups.
Conclusions
Our results suggested that ThGM can be considered as a diagnostic marker of CDH.
STMN2 overexpression promotes cell proliferation and EMT in pancreatic cancer mediated by WNT/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Wang Shiyang , Shao Mingrui , Wang Li , Zhang Qi , Wang Tianlong
Published: August 2022

STMN2, as a key regulator in microtubule disassembly and dynamics, has recently been reported to participate in the development of cancer. However, the corresponding role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PC), to our knowledge has not been reported. We investigate the potential role of STMN2 in the progression of PC in vitro and vivo. Overexpression of STMN2 was prevalently observed in human PC tissues compared with that in paired pancreas (44/81,54.3% vs 15/81, 18.5%, P<0.01), which was positively with multiple advanced stage of PC patients (tumor size, T stage, lymph-node metastasis and the poor prognosis). Meanwhile, a close correlation between high STMN2 and cytoplasmic/nuclear β-catenin expression (P=0.007) was observed in PC tissues and cell lines. STMN2 overexpression induced EMT and cell proliferation in vitro, involving stimulation of EMT-like cellular morphology, cell motility and proliferation, and the change of EMT (Snail1, E-cad and Vimentin) and Cyclin D1 signaling. However, XAV939 inhibited STMN2 overexpression-enhanced EMT and proliferation. Conversely, KY19382 reversed STMN2 silencing- inhibited EMT and cell proliferation in vitro. Furthermore, activated STMN2 and β-catenin were co-localized in cytoplasm/nuclear in vitro. β-catenin/TCF-mediated the transcription of STMN2. Finally, STMN2 promoted subcutaneous tumor growth with the overexpression of EMT and Cyclin D1 signaling. STMN2 overexpression promotes aggressive clinical stage of PC patients and promotes EMT and cell proliferation in vitro and vivo. β-catenin/TCF-mediated the transcription of STMN2.
An experimental study in Real-time Facial Emotion Recognition on 3RL dataset
Authors: Zafra Rahmeh Abou , Abdullah Lana Ahmad , Alaraj Rouaa , Albezreh Rasha , Barhoum Tarek , Jallad Khloud Al
Published: August 2022

Although real-time facial emotion recognition is a hot topic research domain in the field of human-computer interaction, state-of-the-art available datasets still suffer from various problems, such as some unrelated photos such as document photos, unbalanced numbers of photos in each class, and misleading images that can negatively affect correct classification. The 3RL dataset was created, which contains approximately 24K images and will be publicly available, to overcome previously available dataset problems. The 3RL dataset is labelled with five basic emotions: happiness, fear, sadness, disgust, and anger. Moreover, we compared the 3RL dataset with other famous state-of-the-art datasets (FER dataset, CK + dataset), and we applied the most commonly used algorithms in previous works, SVM and CNN. The results show a noticeable improvement in generalization on the 3RL dataset. Experiments have shown an accuracy of up to 91.4% on 3RL dataset using CNN where results on FER2013, CK + are, respectively (approximately from 60–85%).
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in oat-pea intercropping
Authors: Lee Alan , Neuberger Patrick , Omokanye Akim , Hernandez-Ramirez Guillermo , Kim Keunbae , Gorzelak Monika A.
Published: August 2022

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity can be altered by intercropping plant species, as well as N fertilizer applications. This study examined the effects of oat-pea intercropping and N fertilizer addition on the richness and diversity of mycorrhizal species, as well as identified the most common arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) genera recruited for oats and peas in two growing seasons (2019 and 2020). The AMF diversity was higher in an intercropped system compared to their respective monocropping system. Under drier conditions in 2019, arbuscular mycorrhizal richness decreased with N fertilizer addition in sole peas and increased with N fertilizer addition in sole oats, but no significant change in richness was observed in oat-pea intercropping. During the wetter growing season 2020, arbuscular mycorrhizal diversity increased when oat and pea were intercropped, compared to either sole oat or sole pea. Diversispora in sole pea was a significant indicator differentiating the root associated AMF community from sole oat. Claroideoglomus richness increased in peas in 2020, thus this genus could be moisture dependent. Paraglomus richness in oat-pea intercropping was similar to sole oat in 2019, and similar to sole pea in 2020. This can suggest that Paraglomus is an indicator of plant stress under intercropping, as based on the premise that stressed plants release more exudates, and the subsequent mycorrhizal associations favor these plants with higher exudation. Future investigations can further reveal the functions and benefits of these mycorrhizal genera in annual monocrop and intercropping systems.
Redox-dependent Structural Origins of the Temperature Threshold and Sensitivity in the TRPV3 Bio-thermometer
Authors: Wang Guangyu
Published: August 2022

The DNA hairpin with a limited size or strength is sensitive to temperature. However, it is unclear if thermosensitive TRP channels also use the temperature-dependent little hairpin sizes or strengths to govern their temperature thresholds and sensitivity. Here, graph theory was used as a novel tool to test this hypothesis by analyzing the redox- and state-dependent cryo-electron microscopy structures of mouse TRPV3 with or without the Y564A mutation at different temperatures. The results showed that the biggest little hairpin with the minimal topological loop size and strength determines the temperature threshold while a change in the total minimal little hairpin sizes upon a change in the total little hairpin-dependent non-covalent interactions along the channel gating pathway governs the temperature sensitivity. This size- and strength-dependent hairpin thermodynamics may tune the thermal activity and sensitivity of biological macromolecules. (136 words)SignificanceThe temperature thresholds and sensitivity of the thermosensitive transient receptor potential channels are often mediated by non-covalent interactions including H-bonds, salt bridges and aromatic p interactions at different ambient temperatures. Although their relative complexity has made them challenging to study, graph theory and hairpin thermodynamic modelling have now reached the stage at which we can explain their physical origins and gain reliable insight into the effects of the little hairpin size and strength on the thermo-stability of those non-covalent interactions along the channel gating pathway. This computational study offers opportunities for us to understand how temperature manipulates these complex non-covalent interactions and their direct incorporation into the design of bio-thermometers protects our bodies from noxious heat or cold damages. (119 words)Category: computational biochemistry; biophysics; graph theory; network analysis; redox regulation; structural bioinformatics
Design and Implementation of Two- Dimensional Pipelined& Parallel FIR Filter Architectures
Authors: Singh Thingujam Churchil , Kumar Manoj
Published: August 2022

This paper aims at designing and implementation of two dimensional pipelining, fine-grain pipelining, parallel processing and combined pipelining and parallel processing architecture for FIR filter using VHDL (Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language). These specific architectures significantly reduce the delay and the power consumption of the filter. Sampling frequency for the proposed designs is given in this paper. Rectangular window method is used for calculating Filter coefficients for the proposed two dimensional FIR filter architectures. The proposed filters are compared with the existing FIR filter in respect to area, operational speed, power consumption and delay. The proposed designs of the FIR digital filters provides an optimum output with 81% increase in speed of operation and up to 75% reduction in power consumption when compare to the existing architectures. Implementation of the FIR filter is carried out by using VHDL codes. Simulation and synthesis have been executed on Artix-7 FPGA series with the target device (xc7a35t-cpg236) speed grade-I using Xilinx Vivado 2015.2 version.
Long noncoding RNA ASH1L-AS1 promotes glycolysis and cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells via its regulation on EZH2-mediated CNRIP1 methylation
Authors: Sun Xiao-Fei , Wang Yu , Yin Li-Li , Song Gui-Yu , Yang Qing
Published: August 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Does secondary data suffice? Protected area conflict analysis in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors: Rechciński Marcin , Tusznio Joanna , Akhshik Arash , Grodzińska-Jurczak Małgorzata
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged protected area (PA) conflict analyses. A compelled shift towards broader use of secondary data evokes doubts about the validity of the results unless restrictive assessment procedures are implemented. To address this need, we propose a three-fold (theory-, method-, and cross-scale simulation-driven) approach to assess the usefulness of the utilized state register dataset and the indicator analysis methodology for the multi-level recognition of PA conflict determinants. With the ultimate aim to inform case study selection, we processed 187 relevant indicators from the Polish Central Statistical Office register for a Lesser Poland region. We distinguished five types of PA conflict determinants in Lesser Poland (‘urbanity’, ‘agriculture’, ‘tourism’, ‘small-scale entrepreneurship’, and ‘sprawl’) and respective groups of 15 clusters comprising local-level units. For one cluster we juxtaposed the obtained results with secondary data from another source (Internet content) and for a specific PA (Tatra National Park). Although the reported conflict issues corresponded with indicator-derived descriptors of the cluster, in the theory-driven phase of the assessment the state register failed to address the key prerequisites of PA conflicts. We proved that the proposed method can serve as a proxy for a multi-level PA conflict determinant analysis in crisis conditions such as COVID-19, provided it synthesizes the results of various methodological approaches, followed by in-person inquiries in the selected case studies.
A bloody interaction: Plasma proteomics reveals gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) impairment caused by Sparicotyle chrysophrii
Authors: Riera-Ferrer Enrique , Piazzon M. Carla , Pozo Raquel Del , Palenzuela Oswaldo , Estensoro Itziar , Sitjà-Bobadilla Ariadna
Published: August 2022

Background:Sparicotylosis is an enzootic parasitic disease across the Mediterranean Sea caused by the polyopisthocotylean monogenean Sparicotyle chrysophrii, which affects the gills of gilthead sea bream (GSB; Sparus aurata). Current disease-management, mitigation and treatment strategies are scarce against sparicotylosis. In order to successfully develop more efficient therapeutic strategies against this disease, understanding which molecular mechanisms and metabolic pathways are altered in the host is critical. This study aims to elucidate how S. chrysophrii infection modulates GSB’s plasma proteome and to identify the main altered biological processes involved.Methods:Experimental infections were conducted in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), exposing naïve recipient GSB (R; 70 g; N = 50) to effluent water from S. chrysophrii-infected GSB (98 g; N = 50). An additional tank with unexposed naïve fish (C; 70 g; N = 50) was maintained in parallel, with open water flow disconnected from the RAS. Haematological and infection parameters from sampled C and R fish were registered for 10 weeks. Plasma samples from R fish were categorised into 3 different groups according to their infection intensity: low, medium and high (L: 1-50; M: 51-100; H: >100 worms fish-1, respectively). Five plasma samples of each category were selected, in addition to five C samples and underwent a SWATH-MS proteome analysis. Additional assays on haemoglobin, cholesterol and the lytic activity of the alternative complement pathway were performed to validate the proteome analysis findings. Results:The discriminant analysis of the plasma protein abundance revealed a clear separation into 3 groups (H, M/L and C). A pathway analysis was performed with the differentially quantified proteins, indicating that the parasitic infection mainly affected pathways related to haemostasis, the immune system and lipid metabolism and transport.Twenty-two proteins significantly correlated with the infection intensity, highlighting apolipoproteins, globins and complement c3. Validation assays in blood and plasma (haemoglobin, cholesterol and lytic activity of alternative complement pathway) confirmed these correlations.Conclusions:Sparicotylosis profoundly alters the haemostasis, the innate immune system and the lipid metabolism and transport in GSB. This study gives a crucial global overview of the pathogenesis of sparicotylosis and highlights new targets for further research.
Predicting Online Fraudulent Transactions Using Machine Learning
Authors: .T.P Rani , .K Suganthi , Saravanan Magilan , Sahu Ashish Kumar , Sagayam K. Martin , Elngar Ahmed A.
Published: August 2022

Fraudulent online transactions have caused significant damage and loss to individuals and companies over a period of time. There has been an increase in online fraud with the progression of state-of-the-art technologies and worldwide communication. The design of efficient fraud detection algorithms is critical for reducing these losses. Machine learning and statistical techniques play a vital role in the detection of fraudulent transactions. Fraud detection model implementation is particularly challenging due to the lack of data, sensitive nature of data, and the unbalanced class distributions. It is tough to draw inferences and build better models due to the confidentiality of the records. In this paper we aim to focus on the problems: i) the role of sampling in the presence of class imbalance (i.e., nonfraudulent transactions are more in the percentage of the total transactions), ii) building and analyzing various machine learning models, iii) to assess and validate the performances of different fraud detection techniques. This paper has research directions toward applying machine learning for data analysis. We have designed and assessed a prototype of a fraudulent transactions detection system that will be able to meet real-world demands and increase the security of transactions for the customers.