bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Angular-dependent circular dichroism of Tai Chi chiral metamaterials in terahertz region
Authors: Dong Xiaoxiang , Liu Changji , Huang Yuanyuan , Hu Fangrong , E Yiwen , Jin Yanping , Zhou Yixuan , Xu Xinlong
Published: March 2020

Chirality has received wide attention due to its promising applications in biopharmaceuticals, chemical detection, and polarized optoelectronic devices. Herein, metamaterials with layered Tai Chi patterns are proposed to get strong and tunable chirality. Based on the surface current distribution analysis, a coupling model considering both the magnetic and electric dipoles in the upper and bottom metallic structures is proposed to understand the circular dichroism. Accordingly, both an external chiral modulation by changing the incident angle and an internal chiral modulation by changing the twist angle are achieved. Incident-angle-dependent circular dichroism modulation exhibits a range of 0.44–0.62 and the twist-angle-dependent modulation range is

−

0.6
−
0.42

, where the negative value means the polarity of the circular dichroism can also be tuned. This work deepens the understanding of angular-dependent chirality in metamaterials and expands the potential for terahertz polarization optoelectronic applications.
Single preloaded piezoelectric-ceramic-stack-actuator-based fast steering mirror with an ultrahigh natural frequency
Authors: Zhou Ziye , Feng Zhongyi , Xian Hao , Huang Linhai
Published: March 2020

To meet the requirements of the adaptive optics systems with high bandwidths and large excursion angles, we propose a fast steering mirror (FSM) with an ultrahigh natural frequency and a large angular range. The proposed FSM is driven by a preloaded piezoelectric ceramic stack actuator (PCSA), which has a higher shear stress limit in the working direction. We describe the structure of the preloading device and analyze the stiffness improvement of the preloaded PCSA. Then we introduce the structure of the proposed FSM and perform theoretical analysis based on the established static model and dynamical model. We also build an experimental setup of the proposed FSM. The experimental results show that the angular range of the proposed FSM is up to 8.4 mrad, and its first natural frequency is 6660 Hz, which surpass the performances of current FSMs.
Adaptive niche-genetic algorithm based on backpropagation neural network for atmospheric turbulence forecasting
Authors: Su Changdong , Wu Xiaoqing , Luo Tao , Wu Su , Qing Chun
Published: March 2020

Because systematic direct measurements of the refractive index structure constant (

C
n
2

) are not available for many climates and seasons, we developed an indirect method to forecast optical turbulence. The

C
n
2

was estimated from a backpropagation neural network optimized by an adaptive niche-genetic algorithm. The estimated result was validated against the corresponding six-day

C
n
2

data from a field campaign of the 30th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition. We also compared the correlation coefficient, root mean square error, and systematic error bias of the proposed model with the weather research and forecasting model. The results suggest that our model shows better correlation and reliably estimates

C
n
2

.
Lidar remote sensing of the aquatic environment: invited
Authors: Churnside James H. , Shaw Joseph A.
Published: March 2020

This paper is a review of lidar remote sensing of the aquatic
environment. The optical properties of seawater relevant to lidar
remote sensing are described. The three main theoretical approaches to
understanding the performance of lidar are considered (the
time-dependent radiative transfer equation, Monte Carlo simulations,
and the quasi-single-scattering assumption). Basic lidar instrument
design considerations are presented, and examples of lidar studies
from surface vessels, aircraft, and satellites are given.
Thermal damage threshold of neurons during infrared stimulation
Authors: Brown William G. A. , Needham Karina , Begeng James M. , Thompson Alexander C. , Nayagam Bryony A. , Kameneva Tatiana , Stoddart Paul R.
Published: March 2020

In infrared neural stimulation (INS), laser-evoked thermal transients are used to generate small depolarising currents in neurons. The laser exposure poses a moderate risk of thermal damage to the target neuron. Indeed, exogenous methods of neural stimulation often place the target neurons under stressful non-physiological conditions, which can hinder ordinary neuronal function and hasten cell death. Therefore, quantifying the exposure-dependent probability of neuronal damage is essential for identifying safe operating limits of INS and other interventions for therapeutic and prosthetic use. Using patch-clamp recordings in isolated spiral ganglion neurons, we describe a method for determining the dose-dependent damage probabilities of individual neurons in response to both acute and cumulative infrared exposure parameters based on changes in injection current. The results identify a local thermal damage threshold at approximately 60 °C, which is in keeping with previous literature and supports the claim that damage during INS is a purely thermal phenomenon. In principle this method can be applied to any potentially injurious stimuli, allowing for the calculation of a wide range of dose-dependent neural damage probabilities. Unlike histological analyses, the technique is well-suited to quantifying gradual neuronal damage, and critical threshold behaviour is not required.
Elemental quantification and analysis of structural abnormalities in neurons from Parkinson’s-diseased brains by X-ray fluorescence microscopy and diffraction
Authors: Joppe Karina , Nicolas Jan-David , Grünewald Tilman A. , Eckermann Marina , Salditt Tim , Lingor Paul
Published: March 2020

In this work we use scanning X-ray microscopy to study the structure and elemental composition of neuromelanin-positive neurons in substantia nigra tissue of Parkinson patients (PD) and controls. A total of 53 neurons were analyzed with X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and diffraction using sub-µm-focused synchrotron radiation. A statistical evaluation identified copper as the most group-discriminating element and indicated that interindividual and intraindividual variations are of great relevance in tissue measurements of diseased patients and prevent from automated group clustering. XRF analyses of two Lewy bodies (LBs) highlight a heterogeneity in elemental distributions in these LBs, whereas an innovative X-ray diffraction-based method approach was used to reveal β-sheet-rich crystalline structures in LBs. Overall, sub-µm-focus X-ray microscopy highlighted the elemental heterogeneity in PD pathology.
Multispectral image fusion based pedestrian detection using a multilayer fused deconvolutional single-shot detector
Authors: Chen Yunfan , Shin Hyunchul
Published: March 2020

Recent research has demonstrated that effective fusion of multispectral images (visible and thermal images) enables robust pedestrian detection under various illumination conditions (e.g., daytime and nighttime). However, there are some open problems such as poor performance in small-sized pedestrian detection and high computational cost of multispectral information fusion. This paper proposes a multilayer fused deconvolutional single-shot detector that contains a two-stream convolutional module (TCM) and a multilayer fused deconvolutional module (MFDM). The TCM is used to extract convolutional features from multispectral input images. Then fusion blocks are incorporated into the MFDM to combine high-level features with rich semantic information and low-level features with detailed information to generate features with strong a representational power for small pedestrian instances. In addition, we fuse multispectral information at multiple deconvolutional layers in the MFDM via fusion blocks. This multilayer fusion strategy adaptively makes the most use of visible and thermal information. In addition, using fusion blocks for multilayer fusion can reduce the extra computational cost and redundant parameters. Empirical experiments show that the proposed approach achieves an 81.82% average precision (AP) on a new small-sized multispectral pedestrian dataset. The proposed method achieves the best performance on two well-known public multispectral datasets. On the KAIST multispectral pedestrian benchmark, for example, our method achieves a 97.36% AP and a 20 fps detection speed, which outperforms the state-of-the-art published method by 6.82% in AP and is three times faster in its detection speed.
Few-cycle fs-pumped NOPA with passive ultrabroadband spectral shaping
Authors: Tamer Issa , Hellwing Marco , Azamoum Yasmina , Hornung Marco , Keppler Sebastian , Schorcht Frank , Hein Joachim , Kaluza Malte C.
Published: March 2020

A compact, femtosecond-pumped noncollinear optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) is presented with a passive spectral shaping technique, employed to produce a flat-top-like ultrabroadband output spectrum. The NOPA is pumped by a dedicated 2 mJ, 120 fs Yb3+-based CPA system, which generates both the second harmonic pump pulse and white light supercontinuum as the signal pulse. A chirped mirror pair pre-compensates the material GVD within the optical path of the signal pulse to produce a near-FTL pulse duration at the OPA crystal output. By optimizing both the pump/signal cross angle and the pump/signal delay, the 40 cm × 40 cm footprint, single-pass, fs-pumped, direct NOPA (non-NOPCPA) system generates a record 20 µJ, 11 fs pulses at 820 nm central wavelength with a bandwidth of 230 nm FWHM, to be used as an ultrashort optical probe pulse for relativistic laser-plasma interactions at the petawatt-class POLARIS laser system.
Frequency-tuning dual-comb spectroscopy using silicon Mach-Zehnder modulators
Authors: Deniel Lucas , Weckenmann Erwan , Galacho Diego Pérez , Alonso-Ramos Carlos , Boeuf Frédéric , Vivien Laurent , Marris-Morini Delphine
Published: March 2020

Dual-comb spectroscopy using a silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator is reported for the first time. First, the properties of frequency combs generated by silicon modulators are assessed in terms of tunability, coherence, and number of lines. Then, taking advantage of the frequency agility of electro-optical frequency combs, a new technique for fine resolution absorption spectroscopy is proposed, named frequency-tuning dual-comb spectroscopy, which combines dual-comb spectroscopy and frequency spacing tunability to measure optical spectra with detection at a unique RF frequency. As a proof of concept, a 24 GHz optical bandwidth is scanned with a 1 GHz resolution.
Optimized approach for optical sectioning enhancement in multifocal structured illumination microscopy
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yu Bin , Lin Danying , Yu Huanhuan , Li Siwei , Qu Junle
Published: March 2020

Multifocal structured illumination microscopy (MSIM) is the parallelized version of image scanning microscopy (ISM) that is created by using many excitation spots, which provides a two-fold resolution enhancement beyond the diffraction limit with a frequency of 1 Hz per 3D picture, but scattered and out-of-focus light in thick samples degrades MSIM optical sectioning performance. Herein, we introduce a new optical sectioning method in MSIM via illumination fluctuation. The proposed method suppresses the out-of-focus light by taking full advantage of the statistic property of MSIM raw data and has no requirement of changing the system setup or projecting more illumination patterns. Experimental results demonstrate that the method can reduce the out-of-focus light by 7.25 times in optical sectioning image.
Ultracompact optical switch using a single semisymmetric Fano nanobeam cavity
Authors: Cheng Ziwei , Dong Jianji , Zhang Xinliang
Published: March 2020

We propose and theoretically analyze a generalized four-port waveguide-cavity system with a novel, to the best of our knowledge, semisymmetric Fano structure. By applying the system to a silicon-based photonic crystal nanobeam cavity (PCNC), we experimentally demonstrate an ultracompact crossbar optical switch with high drop port transmission. A low insertion loss of 1.5 dB in the drop port at the cross state is achieved comparing to the 8.5 dB insertion loss in a traditional non-Fano structure. The device is also benefited by the high quality factor and small mode volume for efficient switching and the ultracompact footprint of

14

µ

m

2

in the core structure. The proposed PCNC switch shows great potential in various optical systems on chip to increase the integration and reduce energy consumption.
High-power cladding pumped Raman fiber amplifier with a record beam quality
Authors: Chen Yizhu , Yao Tianfu , Xiao Hu , Leng Jinyong , Zhou Pu
Published: March 2020

In this Letter, a high-power, high-brightness all-fiberized Raman amplifier based on a cladding-pumping scheme is presented for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The triple-clad passive fiber is employed as Raman gain fiber in the laser system. The maximum output power is 762.6 W emitting at 1130 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest power in the fields of cladding-pumped Raman amplifiers. Through a cladding-pumping process, the beam quality parameter

M

2

improves from 6.12 of seed laser to 2.24 at maximum output power of 762.6 W, while the best

M

2

is 1.9 at 267.2 W. It is also the best beam quality of Raman laser with brightness enhancement in any kind of configuration (graded-index fiber or multi-clad fiber, laser or amplifier, all-fiber or free-space configuration) with power of over 100 W.
Entanglement swapping with autonomous polarization-entangled photon pairs from a warm atomic ensemble
Authors: Park Jiho , Kim Heonoh , Seb Moon Han
Published: March 2020

Entanglement swapping forms a key concept in the realization of scalable quantum networks and large-scale quantum communication. For the practical implementation of entanglement swapping, completely autonomous entanglement sources and a joint Bell-state measurement (BSM) between two independent photons are essential. Here, we experimentally demonstrate entanglement swapping between two independent polarization-entangled photon-pair sources obtained via spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a Doppler-broadened atomic ensemble of

87

R
b

atoms. From the joint BSM, we estimate the

S

parameter in the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) form of Bell’s inequality and confirm the violation of the Bell–CHSH inequality by

S

=

2.32

±

0.07

with 4.5 standard deviations. We believe that this work is an important step toward realizing practical scalable quantum networks.
Fully controllable three-dimensional light-induced longitudinal magnetization using a single objective lens
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqiang , Rui Guanghao , Xu Yong , Zhang Fan , Du Yinchang , Lin Xiaoyang , Wang Anting , Zhao Weisheng
Published: March 2020

With features of fast and energy-efficient data writing, all-optical helicity-dependent switching (AO-HDS) has emerged as a competitive technology to satisfy the demand for the next-generation volume data storage. Unfortunately, to switch the magnetizations in different positions of the magnetic-optic film, the laser beam, the objective lens, or the magnetic recording film should be moved, limiting the advantage of AO-HDS in fast data writing. To achieve on-the-fly magnetization switching, the induced magnetization should be fully controllable. In this Letter, by focusing an azimuthally polarized vortex beam (APVB) and introducing an additional phase, a feasible strategy constructing subwavelength light-induced pure longitudinal multi-magnetization spots is proposed. In addition, the position of the multi-magnetization spots can be dynamically controlled. The distributions of the focused APVBs with different orbital angular momentum, and the induced magnetizations are surveyed. We believe that this is a practical and flexible three-dimensional magnetic recording technique with dynamic control of the recording position.
Electro- and photon-induced cooling in BNT-BT-SBET relaxors with in situ optical temperature sensing
Authors: Wang Lejian , Zhang Jingji , Wang Jiangying , Yao Yaxuan , Ren Lingling , Chen Xue , Birkett Martin , Dala Laurent , Xu Ben
Published: March 2020

A novel lead-free luminescent ferroelectric (FE) ceramic,

B
i

0.5

N
a

0.5

T
i
O

3

−

0.

06

B
a
T
i
O

3

−

0.

055

S
r

0.7

B
i

0.18

E
r

0.02

◻

0.1

T
i
O

3

(BNT-BT-SBET), is developed with an adiabatic temperature change (

Δ
T

) of 0.7 K under an electric field (

E

) of 60 kV/cm at room temperature, an anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling, and a maximum optical

T

sensitivity of

0.0055

K

−
1

at 522 K. Interestingly, the electrocaloric response reaches a saturation at permittivity shoulder

T

of 100°C; meanwhile, the maximized emission intensity of

2

H

11

/

2

→
4

I

15

/

2

occurs.

T

- and

E

-tunable enhancement of

2

H

11

/

2

→
4

I

15

/

2

emission intensity is due to the population inversion from the

4

S

3

/

2

to

2

H

11

/

2

states caused by an incoherent regime consisting of FE phase and polar nanoregions in a relaxor matrix.
Deep neural network inversion for 3D laser absorption imaging of methane in reacting flows
Authors: Wei Chuyu , Schwarm Kevin K. , Pineda Daniel I. , Spearrin R. Mitchell
Published: March 2020

Mid-infrared laser absorption imaging of methane in flames is performed with a learning-based approach to the limited view-angle inversion problem. A deep neural network is trained with superimposed Gaussian field distributions of spectral absorption coefficients, and the prediction capability is compared to linear tomography methods at a varying number of view angles for simulated fields representative of a flame pair. Experimental 3D imaging is demonstrated on a methane–oxygen laminar flame doublet (

<

cm

) backlit with tunable radiation from an interband cascade laser near 3.16 µm. Spectrally resolved data at each pixel provide for species-specific projected absorbance. 2D images were collected at six projection angles on a high-speed infrared camera, yielding an aggregate of 27,648 unique lines of sight capturing the scene with a pixel resolution of

∼
70

 µm. Mole fraction measurements are inferred from the predicted absorption coefficient images using an estimated temperature field, showing consistency with expected values from reactant flow rates. To the authors’ knowledge, this work represents the first 3D imaging of methane in a reacting flow.
Assessment of Sex from the Anthropometric Measurements of the Foot in Ogbomosho North Local Government Area
Authors: Ayobami Akinloye S. , Oluwatoyin Oyewo O. , Stephen Saka O. , Anderson Enye L. , Modupeoluwa Olajide O.
Published: March 2020

The aim of this physical anthropometric study is to determine sex by foot measurements. Dismembered human remains are frequently found in cases of mass disasters and criminal mutilation. It is therefore of interest to use foot dimensions for the determination of sex (gender) of an individual in order to assist in establishing personal identity. Another application of anthropometrical measurement is in ergonomics which is the design of working space and the development of industrialized products such as furnishing, cars, tools, shoe designing etc.

500 adult subjects(250 males, 250 females)aged 18-50 years without any foot disability within Ogbomosho North Local Government, Oyo State were randomly selected for the study. The males had an average foot length about 1cm greater than females and foot breadth in males was about 1cm greater as compared to females. Difference in foot length and foot breadth in males and females of the population was highly significant. With the statistical analysis, any foot with length lesser than 26cm and breadth lesser than 11cm can be suggested to be that of a female while any foot with length greater than 26cm and breadth greater than 11cm can be suggested to be that of a male. Therefore, 26cm can be taken as the cut-off point for foot length and 11cm as the cut-off point for foot breadth in this locality.
THE FRACTAL DIMENSION-BASED DESCRIPTOR OF THE MICROVASCULAR PATTERN ON THE HISTOLOGICAL SECTION
Authors: Šrámek Jaromír , Pierzynová Aneta , Kučera Tomáš
Published: March 2020

The microvascular pattern in the histological section, i.e. the point-pattern composed of capillaries perpendicular to the plane of section, contains information about the three-dimensional structure of the capillary network. Histological processing is followed by the shrinkage of tissue of uncertain magnitude. In order to obtain relevant information, the scale-independent analysis is necessary. We used an approach based on the Minkowski cover of measured set. The true fractal dimension of the point pattern is obviously of zero, but the artificial result of the algorithm can be related to the complexity of shape. We fitted the log-log plot by the modified rounded ramp function and the slope of the oblique part was used as the fractal based descriptor. We demonstrated on histological samples of the heart that this fractal-based parameter has the property of scale and rotation invariance.
27th Congress of the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis
Authors: Seredavkina N. V.
Published: March 2020

The paper presents information on the 27th Congress of the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis, which was held in Melbourne (Australia) in July 2019. This congress is the world’s leading forum on thrombosis and hemostasis, as well as on the causes of bleeding and their clinical manifestations. It unites all specialists who are relevant to this problem.
Possibilities and prospects for glucocorticoid withdrawal in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Solovyev S. K. , Aseeva E. A. , Nasonov E. L. , Lila A. M. , Koilubaeva G. M.
Published: March 2020

The efficiency of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is beyond question and is confirmed by the experience gained over many decades of their use. However, there are many problems with prolonged GC use, even in its low and medium doses. In particular, the development of GC-associated irreversible organ damages significantly worsens prognosis and causes a decrease in quality of life and social adaptation and a substantial increase in treatment costs. On the other hand, the current capabilities of early diagnosis, pathogenetic therapy, and monitoring in many patients with SLE allow for maintaining low disease activity and remission, the conditions in which the feasibility of further GC treatment can and should be decided. The paper gives the data available in the literature and the authors’ own studies on the possibility and prospects of GC withdrawal in SLE patients in a stage of low disease activity and remission.
ENHANCING SPORTING PERFORMANCE IN FIGURE SKATERS AGED 7–8 YEARS BASED ON DEVELOPING COORDINATION ABILITIES AND OPTIMIZING PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL INDICATORS
Authors: Gorelik V , Filippova S , Belyaev V , Abramova V , Knysheva T
Published: March 2020

Aim. The aim of this article is to develop coordination abilities in figure skaters aged 7–8 years from the initial training group with the help of a special educational and training program. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the premises of the Trud sports complex in Togliatti. Twenty figure skaters aged 7–8 years from the initial training group participated in the experiment. All participants were divided into 2 subgroups: the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG), 10 girls each. The main difference between groups was the use of a special exercise program in the experimental group aimed at the development of coordination abilities in figure skaters. In the control group, classes were held according to the standard educational program. The diagnostic technique included the computer program “Researcher of temporal and spatial properties of a person version 2.1”. Results. The article provides an experimental justification for the use of a set of exercises of special physical training (SPT) for the development of coordination abilities in skaters 7–8 years old. It was shown that at the initial stage of the pedagogical experiment (PE), the psychophysiological and motor indicators in the experimental and control groups did not differ significantly. Having introduced a set of exercises in the experimental group, we received a significant improvement in the spatio-temporal indicators and motor coordination compared to the control group. Conclusion. Using a set of exercises for the development of coordination abilities in figure skaters allows improving the ability of young skaters to move on ice and developing the locomotor functions of young skaters with improved coordination abilities.
HEALTH MONITORING OF STUDENTS OF THE III FUNCTIONAL GROUP FOR CONTROLLING AND DESIGNING EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT (PHYSICAL EDUCATION) IN A NON-SPORT UNIVERSITY
Authors: Lebedinsky V , Kuzmina O , Kudryavtsev M , Gruzenkin V , Arutunian T
Published: March 2020

Aim. The purpose of the article is to study the physical development and physical fitness of students of the III functional group under lack of physical activity and in the conditions of organized classes in a technical university. Materials and methods. The sample included 11 490 full time students (6051 males and 5439 females) aged 17–21 years. The study of physical deve­lopment and physical fitness was conducted in two stages. In all participants, anthropometric and physiometric health data were recorded. These data were studied in dynamics from the 1st to the 4th year. The obtained data were examined stage-by-stage during the academic year and vacation period. Results. Significant differences were obtained in the physical development of girls in terms of weight and height by the end of the third year. The values of the Stange and Gench tests improved by the end of the first year. However, by the end of the second year, the negative dynamics was detected. The results of the Genchtest significantly improved by the end of the fourth year. The study of physical fitness revealed significant positive dynamic in the development of speed and a significant decrease in strength preparedness by the end of the fourth year. By the end of the first year, strength endurance became significantly higher compared with the data obtained at the time of the beginning of training. By the end of the third year endurance decreased significantly. Conclusion. Young people who regularly engage in physical activity during the first two years at the university have a positive trend in most indicators of physical development and physical fitness. Lack of motor activity, caused by a decrease in the number of classes provided for by the general education program, significantly affects endurance, speed, the development of strength (static endurance of the muscles of the shoulder girdle and dynamic strength of the muscles of the lower extremities), speed and strength qualities (6th and 8th semesters), flexibility.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE DYSPLASIA AS A POTENTIAL RISK FACTOR FOR MYOCARDIAL ELECTRIC INSTABILITY IN YOUNG ATHLETES
Authors: Timokhina V , Mekhdieva K , Blyakhman F
Published: March 2020

The proposed study was focused on search for the potential interrelations between the degree of connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) and efficiency of cardio-respiratory system adaptation to load in young athletes. Materials and methods. Parameters of cardio-respiratory system were evaluated in 200 athletes aged from 11 to 23 years with the use of cycling spiroergometry and 12-lead ECG at rest, during and after stress test. The degree of connective tissue dysplasia was assessed as per the score scale of National Guidelines. Results. It was revealed that 86% of studied athletes had moderate or marked degree of system CTD. Generally, CTD limited athletes’ cardio-respiratory system adaptation to load and was associated with myocardium repolarization disorders. Conclusion. The results of this study demonstrated that athletes with CTD showed certain changes in the electrical activity of the heart at rest and during physical exertion. Athletes with CTD compared to athletes without dysplasia have initially lower economization of the cardiovascular system and a significantly longer recovery time after exercise. This means that CTD limits the mobilization of CRS for adaptation to load, especially if the loads are cyclical.
AGE PECULIARITIES OF KNEE FUNCTIONALITY AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IN ELDERLY WOMEN
Authors: Solodilov R
Published: March 2020

Aim. The aim of this study is to learn the effect of the age on degenerative knee joint disease and physical capability of elderly women. Materials and methods. Three groups of relatively healthy elderly women (G1 – 60–64 years (n = 34), G2 – 65–69 years (n = 31) and G3 – 70–74 years (n = 18)) participated in the study. The functional status of the knee joint (pain, limitation of motion, physical functionality) was estimated with the help of WOMAC index. Physical performance in women was studied with the help of three functional tests. Pain in the knee joint before and after the tests was assessed with the help of the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Statistical data were processed with the help of Statistica 10 and IBM SPSS22. Results. Pain and stiffness in the knee joint in elderly women increased significantly with age while physical functionality decreased (p < 0.01). Correlations were established between “age/pain” – (r = 0.581), “age/stiffness” – (r = 0.565) and “age/physical functionality” – (r = 0.666) indices, p < 0.01. Authentic changes of the pain index were revealed in the knee joint during physical activity. Correlation analysis showed a clearly defined dependence between the level of physical capability in women and their age. Conclusion. The data obtained prove that the age of elderly women is one of the main factors influencing their functional capability. The age also is one of the factors influencing the progression of functional and degenerative disorders in the knee joint.
EFFECT OF POSTULAR BALANCE ON CHANGE IN HEART RHYTHM AND CONDUCTIVITY IN SWIMMERS
Authors: Korableva Yu , Epishev V , Bychkovskikh V , Marchenko K , Ushakov A
Published: March 2020

Aim. The purpose of the study is to predict the occurrence or reveal changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG) of swimmers with the help of stabilometric indicators. Materials and methods. Sixty qualified athletes participated in the study (CMS, MS, age 16–18 years). Bicycle ergometry was used to detect cardiac rhythm and conduction abnormalities, and a stabilometric complex was used to assess postural balance. Results. Incomplete right bundle branch block (RBBB) was observed in 53.33% of athletes; first-degree sinoatrial (SA) block – in 10.01%; extrasystoles (supraventricular: atrial, atrioventricular) – in 33.33%; pacemaker migrations – in 3.33%. Athletes in group 0 recorded a higher level of fluctuations in the center of pressure in the frontal plane in all tests (p ≤ 0.05): COP-RMSD in FP MS EO (> 132.32%), LHT (> 31.94%), RHT (> 76.82%), MS EC (> 83.56%), LHT EC (> 68.61%), RHT EC (> by 87.65%). Using Random Forest machine learning algorithm, it is possible to predict the occurrence or detect changes in the heart rhythm and conductivity in swimmers. Conclusion. The features of changes in the electrocardiogram of athletes were considered, the compared parameters of stabilometry data with and without ECG changes were significant at p < 0.05. A Random Forest model was created to predict or detect changes in the ECG of athletes with the help of stabilometric indicators.
EFFECTS OF SPECIALIZED PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND ADDITIONAL AEROBIC TRAINING ON AEROBIC ENDURANCE OF POLICE STUDENTS
Authors: Kukić F , Koropanovski N , Janković R , Dopsaj M
Published: March 2020

Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate if the SPE classes were sufficient to improve the police students’ aerobic endurance over the period of 12 weeks; and to investigate if two additional aerobic trainings per week may have an effect on the students’ aerobic endurance. Materials and Methods. An initial and final estimated maximal oxygen consumption of 233 (♀87 and ♂146) police students were assessed at the begging and after 12 weeks of training. All participants were performing SPE classes as part of the curriculum, while experimental groups (♀39 and ♂81) conducted two additional trainings for aerobic endurance. A repeated-measure analysis of variance was used to analyze the effects of the treatments and the differences between the treatments. Results. The SPE with two additional aerobic endurance trainings significantly improved students’ aerobic endurance in both sexes (14 %, p < 0.01). Two aerobic trainings alone had large effects on aerobic endurance female (11.66 %, p < 0.01) and male (12.15 %, p < 0.01) police students. Conclusions. Relatively simple aerobic training, applied two times per week, could provide meaningful changes in aerobic endurance. Practitioners could use the period while police students are at the university to educate them on how to organize and conduct basic phy­sical training on their own.
DIFFERENCES IN PHYSICAL PREPAREDNESS OF DIFFERENT GENERATIONS OF FEMALES BORN BY THE MIGRANTS TO YUGRA
Authors: Kuchin R , Stogov M , Nenenko N , Chernitsyna N , Maksimova T
Published: March 2020

Aim. The purpose of the article is to study the characteristics of changes in physiological parameters and physical preparedness of different generations of females born by migrants to the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District–Yugra and living there. Materials and methods. The study involved 60 females of which three groups were formed. Group 1 (n = 20) – females born in the regions of the middle zone of the Russian Federation who moved to the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District-Yugra no more than 8 months ago. Group 2 (n = 20) – females born and permanently living in the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous District–Yugra, who are children (first generation) of migrants from the regions of the middle zone of the Russian Federation. Group 3 (n = 20) females born and permanently living in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, who are grandchildren (second generation) of migrants from the regions of the middle zone of the Russian Federation. All subjects were comparable in age. A comprehensive examination was carried out, including an assessment of physical preparedness, anthropometry, physiological parameters, phy­sical activity. Results. No significant differences between the average values of anthropometric indicators were found in the examined subjects. In girls of groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1, a statistically significant increase in variation in body weight, body mass index and chest circumference was found. In group 3, significant differences were noted in the indicators of strength and speed-strength endurance, as well as speed and coordination of movement. The girls of group 1 had a significantly increased value of the Ruffier index compared to other groups. Conclusion. Group 1 had a lower training status of the cardiovascular system and adaptation to living conditions compared to groups 2 and 3. The level of physical preparedness was lower in the subjects of group 3.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PASSIVE EXOSKELETON FOR REHABILITATION OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY
Authors: Petrova L , Shevtsov A , Petrov A , Yakhin D
Published: March 2020

Aim. The purpose of the article is to conduct a comprehensive therapy using various means of rehabilitation, which will allow to correct the existing motor dysfunction. Materials and methods. The research was conducted at the Research Center for Sports Science (Institute of Sport, Tourism and Service, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk) from September 2019 to December 2019. In total, 15 children aged from 4 to 8 years participated in the study after providing their voluntary consent. To determine the range of motion in the joints of the lower extremities, the BioDex robotic equipment was used. Rotational angles of the knee ( ), hip ( ), and ankle joint ( ) were obtained. SolidWorks software was used to develop a 3D model of the product. Results. Anthropometric data of healthy people aged from 4 to 8 years were obtained and statistically processed. Using this data, the basic linear and spatial parameters of the elements of the designed device were calculated. Computer simulation of the exoskeleton was performed in the SolidWorks computer-aided design system with the ability to change the basic parameters of the device in accordance with the anthropometric data of a particular patient. Conclusion. A prototype exoskeleton was made using 3D printing technology for further testing. If necessary, a 3D model of the exoskeleton will be adjusted to test this device in practice for the rehabilitation of patients with cerebral palsy
Srebrna zawieszka z Truso – dama w długiej sukni czy kapłanka?
Authors: Jagodziński Marek Franciszek
Published: March 2020

The article revolves around a silver pendant depicting a female figure, discovered in Janów Pomorski and identified with the town of Truso. Such miniature figures, popular in inventories of Scandinavian grave fields, have been largely discussed with respect to their significance and meaning. The author indicates two rather neglected (or disregarded) elements of these representations: a long ribbon and a long object held by hand while the elbow is bent. They may be evidence of the female figure’s exceptional status, most probably that of a priestess.
Ze studiów nad elitarną kulturą ludności grodów tzw. centralnych państwa pierwszych Piastów, czyli ponownie o wczesnośredniowiecznym grzebieniu ze Stroszek pod Gieczem. Ujęcie porównawcze
Authors: Kara Michał
Published: March 2020

The article presents results of a repeated analysis of an ornamental comb made from an antler, discovered in an early-medieval open settlement in Stroszki (site 1, Nekla county, Wielkopolska province) from the late 9th century or the beginning of the second half of the 10th century. The settlement was a part of the backup facilities of the stronghold in Giecz, one of several the so-called central settlements in the Piasts’ oldest state. The comb stands out for its ornaments in the form of a large fish in a net immersed in water, made by engraving the side lining which serves as the comb’s grip. It has been established that it is an exclusive piece of work of Scandinavian craftsmanship, a single specimen or one from a short series that comes from the 9th/10th centuries or the first half of the 10th century. It represents type IB-VIII-1a according to E. Cnotliwy (1973), identical with type B1:2 according to K. Ambrosiani (1981). The ornaments bear a close resemblance to the ornaments on what is considered Frisian combs from the 9th century or, possibly, the early 10th c. An iconographic analysis of the comb has led to a hypothesis that the hygienic activities that it was used for (combing dirt and insects from hair) had a concealed symbolic sense. In this case, the comb together with similar specimens ornamented by slanting checks or filled diamonds reminiscent of a fishnet, performed the function of an anti-demon instrument. The analysed comb has been attributed to the culture of the oldest state of the Piasts where it ended up most probably as a part of ceremonial exchange between the local elites and the elites of the Baltic communities, including Scandinavian ones. It is regarded that the object’s diffusion was facilitated by mental concurrence, combining the then peoples of “barbarian” Europe.
O fragmentaryzacji srebra wczesnośredniowiecznego: na ile wiarygodne są dane metrologiczne? Przypadek skarbu z Mózgowa na Warmii (t.p.q. 1009)
Authors: Bogucki Mateusz
Published: March 2020

For years, a discussion has been held about the circulation of silver in the early Middle Ages and the role played by fragments of coins and ornaments. This multi-faceted discussion has also revolved around the function of the smallest fragments. Metrological research has indicated certain regularities in the incidence of fragments of a specified weight depending on region and chronology. New data for this discussion was provided by a treasure trove originally discovered in 1868 in Mózgowo in Warmia. Only slightly more than 400 coins have survived from the items discovered in the 19th century; they are a part of a collection of the Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum in Braunschweig. The place where the treasure was discovered was identified in 2010; more than 800 coins and fragments thereof were unearthed. In 2012, the area was examined as a site of excavation where subsequently over 370 specimens were discovered. The treasure trove must have been hidden sometime after 1009, most probably around 1015. The coins from the museum in Braunschweig are not suitable for metrological analysis because they were intentionally separated for a systematic collection. Following an analysis of the specimens discovered in 2010 and 2012, considerable discrepancies in weight frequencies were observed. It turns out that in the collection of objects excavated by professional metal detector operators, very small fragments of silver prevail. Before, they were rarely registered in early medieval treasures (fragments weighing more than 1 gram represent only 6.66%, pieces weighing less than 1 g represent 93.33%, fragments of up to 0.5 g represent 87.61%, while pieces weighing less than 0.1 g represent a whopping 55% of the entire collection).The differences in the weight of silver fragments in the specific parts of the treasure trove from Mózgowo shed new light on both the methodology of examining treasure troves and how representative the data used so far in statistical and metrological analyses are.
Acceptability, Feasibility, and Preliminary Efficacy of a Resilience-Oriented Family Intervention to Prevent Adolescent HIV and Depression: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kuo Caroline , Mathews Catherine , Giovenco Danielle , Atujuna Millicent , Beardslee William , Hoare Jacqueline , Stein Dan J. , Brown Larry K.
Published: March 2020

We tested the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of Our Family Our Future, a resilience-oriented intervention engaging families in prevention of adolescent HIV and depression. South African adolescents, 13–15 years of age, with mild depressive symptoms, were randomized to intervention or wait-list using parallel assignment in a single-blind trial. HIV risk behavior and depression were evaluated at baseline, 1, and 3 months. We examined intervention satisfaction, fidelity, trial retention, and preliminary efficacy. One hundred-ninety-six adolescent-parent dyads completed eligibility screening and baseline, and n = 73 dyads were randomized. All families ranked intervention quality as good or excellent. Over 90% were satisfied with content. Facilitators were adherent to intervention protocol. All families were retained in post-intervention assessments. Intervention recipients reported diminished depressive symptoms, inconsistent condom use, and sexual activity, as well as increased HIV testing. Our Family Our Future is highly acceptable and feasible and should be tested in a future efficacy trial.
Interneuron NMDA Receptor Ablation Induces Hippocampus-Prefrontal Cortex Functional Hypoconnectivity after Adolescence in a Mouse Model of Schizophrenia
Authors: Alvarez Rodrigo J. , Pafundo Diego E. , Zold Camila L. , Belforte Juan E.
Published: March 2020

Although the etiology of schizophrenia is still unknown, it is accepted to be a neurodevelopmental disorder that results from the interaction of genetic vulnerabilities and environmental insults. Although schizophrenia's pathophysiology is still unclear, postmortem studies point toward a dysfunction of cortical interneurons as a central element. It has been suggested that alterations in parvalbumin-positive interneurons in schizophrenia are the consequence of a deficient signaling through NMDARs. Animal studies demonstrated that early postnatal ablation of the NMDAR in corticolimbic interneurons induces neurobiochemical, physiological, behavioral, and epidemiological phenotypes related to schizophrenia. Notably, the behavioral abnormalities emerge only after animals complete their maturation during adolescence and are absent if the NMDAR is deleted during adulthood. This suggests that interneuron dysfunction must interact with development to impact on behavior. Here, we assessin vivohow an early NMDAR ablation in corticolimbic interneurons impacts on mPFC and ventral hippocampus functional connectivity before and after adolescence. In juvenile male mice, NMDAR ablation results in several pathophysiological traits, including increased cortical activity and decreased entrainment to local gamma and distal hippocampal theta rhythms. In addition, adult male KO mice showed reduced ventral hippocampus-mPFC-evoked potentials and an augmented low-frequency stimulation LTD of the pathway, suggesting that there is a functional disconnection between both structures in adult KO mice. Our results demonstrate that early genetic abnormalities in interneurons can interact with postnatal development during adolescence, triggering pathophysiological mechanisms related to schizophrenia that exceed those caused by NMDAR interneuron hypofunction alone.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNMDAR hypofunction in cortical interneurons has been linked to schizophrenia pathophysiology. How a dysfunction of GABAergic cortical interneurons interacts with maturation during adolescence has not been clarified yet. Here, we demonstratein vivothat early postnatal ablation of the NMDAR in corticolimbic interneurons results in an overactive but desynchronized PFC before adolescence. Final postnatal maturation during this stage outspreads the impact of the genetic manipulation toward a functional disconnection of the ventral hippocampal-prefrontal pathway, probably as a consequence of an exacerbated propensity toward hippocampal-evoked depotentiation plasticity. Our results demonstrate a complex interaction between genetic and developmental factors affecting cortical interneurons and PFC function.
Pre-Departure Training and Personal Resources: How it Affects Acculturative Stress?
Authors: Widayanti Widayanti , Sartika Dina
Published: March 2020

One of the efforts made by the government to reduce the unemployment rate in Indonesia is by conducting an overseas apprenticeship program. As an international assignment, this apprenticeship program leads to social problems such as stress. This research seeks to examine and analyze the influence of pre-departure training on acculturative stress with personal resources as a moderating variable. The respondents of this study were 215 migrant workers from West Java. This research used process analysis to analyze data. The result shows that there is a negative influence of pre-departure training on acculturative stress. Besides that, personal resources strengthen the influence of pre-departure training on acculturative stress. The higher a level of personal resources possessed, the more it will strengthen the influence of pre-departure training on acculturative stress. These findings support the statement that personal resources are one of the leading indicators that affect an individual's performance at work.JEL Classification: M53, J61How to Cite:Widayanti., & Sartika, D. (2020). Pre-Departure Training and Personal Resources: How it Affects Acculturative Stress?. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 19(1), 31 – 40. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v19i1.11884.