bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of different levels of probiotics on rumen environment and microbial condition in local goat kids
Authors: Al-Galiby Maithem K. A. , AL-Hassnawi Ihsan A. , Al-Hassnawi Mazen M.
Published: August 2023

The present study aims to find out the effects of adding different levels of probiotics and concentrate diet on the rumen environment, volatile fatty acid production and bacteria counts of local Iraqi goat kids. This study was conducted in the field of a goat breeder in the area of Karmashi Karma Bani Saeed district, Souk Al-Shuyoukh district, Thi-Qar Governorate, Iraq. This study was conducted for 105 days, including 15 days preliminary period on 18 male kids of local goats at the age of 3 months and with an average weight of 16.17 ± 1.10 kg. The kids were randomly distributed to six treatments with two levels of concentrated feed (40, 60%) and three (3) levels of probiotics (0, 2.5, 5) g/head/d. The probiotics included Lactobacillus acidophilus 108, Bacillus subtilis 109, Bifidobacterium 108, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 109. The group of kids fed 2.5 gm probiotic/ head/ day and 40 or 60% concentrate feed were significantly superior to the kids that were fed only 40% concentrate diets without the addition (52.49, 53.61, 43.77 mmol/L), respectively. The % of acetic and butyric acids, were not affected by the addition of the probiotic at different levels of the concentrate diet. The group fed (60%) concentrate diet and the probiotic (2.5 or 5 g/ head/ day) had the highest percentages of propionic% (22.67, 22.33%), respectively, compared to the lowest percentages 17.71%, recorded by the kids fed 40% concentrate diet without probiotics. The pH of the rumen fluid was not affected fed different percentages of concentrate supplemented with two levels of the probiotic 2.5 or 5 g/head/day. While the level of NH3-N was affected by the concentrated diet, kids ate (60% concentrate) recorded significantly higher levels compared to that fed (40% concentrate). Addition of probiotics with different levels of concentrate diets produced highest total bacteria counts >10.50× 109 CFU/ml before feeding and >18.50 × 109 CFU/ml at the third hour after feeding.
Measurement and Evaluation of Greenhouse Gases with Cloud Based Logging
Authors: Y Aiyeola S. , N Mohammed I. , F Alapa , D Adewumi O. , W Oluyombo , Aminu Ibrahim , N Udeh B. , M Egan
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Robust measurements of natural Greenhouse Gases emissions are vital for evaluating regional to global carbon budgets and for assessing climate feedbacks on natural emissions to improve climate models. To capture and analyze the high temporal variability of these fluxes in a well-defined footprint, we designed and developed an inexpensive device. In addition to automatically collect gas samples from footprint for subsequent various analyses in the laboratory, this device also utilizes a low cost carbon dioxide sensor, Temperature and Humidity Sensor, GPS sensor to measure Greenhouse Gases (GHG). Each of the devices modules were equipped with an ESP32 Wi-Fi, NodeMCU and Transceiver module to enable a local radio communication with the ground receiving Station for onward processing to cloud. This study shows the potential of a low cost and low instrument, open source software for devices development as automatic sensor network system to study GHG fluxes. Results obtained from research is shown as follows: CO2 (360 to 455 ppm), Temperature (26.9 OC to 30.9OC) and Humidity (35.5% to 36.5%) which is good for human health. However, this research proves human capacity building and promotion of open data access for research.
Hybrid Solar Cells using Screen Printing Method
Authors: P Dr. Dileep.
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Hybrid bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells with a poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)(P3HT):(6,6)-phenyl C61- butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) active layer, a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS) buffer layer, and an electrochemically deposited zinc oxide (ZnO) n-type inorganic layer were produced. The PET/ITO/ZnO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PC61 BM/Al device was manufactured and tested under solar illumination (AM1.5G, 100 mW/cm2
Flood Monitoring and Alerting System
Authors: Dhebe Shreyas , Dhalge Harsh , Suryavanshi Vaishnavi , Shinde Hemangi
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Floods pose significant threats to communities worldwide, necessitating the development of efficient monitoring and alerting systems. This abstract presents an IoT-based Flood Monitoring and Alerting System that leverages the power of LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) technology to provide real-time flood detection, monitoring, and timely alerts. The system consists of strategically placed water level sensors that use ultrasonic or pressure-based technology to accurately measure water levels. The sensor data is wirelessly transmitted to a central gateway through the LoRaWAN network, known for its long-range and low-power capabilities. A cloud-based platform processes and analyzes the collected data, identifying abnormal water level patterns and potential flood conditions. In case of a flood, the system triggers alerts via mobile notifications, email, and SMS to relevant authorities and stakeholders. Users can access real-time flood information, historical data, and visualizations through a user-friendly web or mobile interface. The system offers cost-effectiveness, extended range, low power consumption, early flood detection, timely response, data-driven decision-making, and has a brighter potential for future enhancements
Construction Planning and Management of Affordable Mass Housing Project by Using Primavera
Authors: S Prof. Sajane A. , R Gund R.
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Affordable housing refers to housing that some people in the community can afford with a lower than averagee family income. Affordable Housing is an immediate way to achieve the goal of housing for all under the leadership of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana. Modern Mivan technology is used to construct buildings quickly, while project management software such as Pri mavera is used to create a plan of events during construction. Large estates have many buildings.Primavera is a tool for underst anding project planning and tracking construction progress. The study also pointed out that the cost of constructing a monolithi c building using the Mivan method is higher due to the higher cost of aluminum formwork; therefore using more than 150 form work systems will make construction faster and cheaper than traditional methods. Similarly, the traditional method requires 88% more workers than the Mivan method due to the long time taken.
Developing a Vocabulary List for Tulu Speaking Children in the Age Range of 2-4 Years
Authors: Preethika Ms. Manasa , Gupta Dr. Vini Abhijith
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Developing vocabulary is an essential component of learning a language since it enables speakers to communicate clearly. By studying words and their meanings, pronunciations, and usage, one must gradually construct a vocabulary when learning a new language. Each language has a unique and exclusive vocabulary. Parents play a vital role as the primary source of knowledge concerning their children's development. When parents keenly observe and accurately assess their children, they provide valuable information about their growth. The current study aims to develop a receptive and expressive vocabulary list for Tulu speaking children (2-4 years) to assess the growth of vocabulary development using parental report. The vocabulary test encompasses a comprehensive list of Tulu words that reflect the everyday vocabulary relevant to the TD children. The results of the study revealed that between the age range of 2-4 years, comprehension and expression in TD children develops as the age advances the vocabulary growth also increases.
Pneumonia Detection on Chest X- Ray using Deep Learning
Authors: R Dr. Latha N , G Dr Shymala , B Dr Pallavi G , M Nitish Kumar , Sai P Prem , Kumar R Tarun , N Harsha V
Published: August 2023

Abstract: In recent years, Pneumonia has become a serious issue in people. The pneumonia which affects the lungs in a way by accumulating the fluid in the lungs. This pneumonia should be treated effectively and should be identified in early stages. The inaccuracies of some algorithms had created problems in diagnosing pneumonia. We came up with an idea to detect pneumonia by taking Chest X-rays and applying a novel algorithm which includes Feature maps, gradient vanishing, skip connection and faster training of the model, minimum computation. This could bring significant impact and help the doctors to identify the pneumonia on their knowledge as we will train the model with different images and we identify Pneumonia effectively.
Predictors of Anticoagulant Treatment Control in New Warfarin Patients in Jordan
Authors: Khatib Batoul , ALSalamat Husam , Krishan Mais , Al-Zubiedi Sameh
Published: August 2023

Background: Warfarin, a commonly prescribed oral anticoagulant, relies
on maintaining effective therapeutic levels as measured by the time
within therapeutic range (TTR) and international normalized ratio (INR).
However, the narrow therapeutic index of warfarin, influenced by both
genetic and non-genetic factors, poses a significant risk of bleeding or
coagulation complications. Identifying predictors of stable INR levels
in warfarin-naïve patients is crucial to improve treatment safety and
efficacy. Methods: This retrospective study conducted between 2018 and
2021 at Queen Alia Hospital Institute QAHI – RMS aimed to identify the
impact of patient demographics, co-morbidities, and drug-drug
interactions on stable, sub-therapeutic, and supra-therapeutic INR
readings. Additionally, the study sought to determine risk factors for
warfarin toxicity and major bleeding events associated with warfarin
treatment. Results: Medical records of 163 warfarin-naïve patients (103
males, 60 females) with a baseline INR ≤1.2 were analyzed. Patients were
admitted as emergency cases or transferred from internal medicine to the
warfarin clinic. The majority of patients were under 65 years of age,
overweight, and received warfarin for heart valve replacement or atrial
fibrillation. Polypharmacy was common among the patients. Analysis
revealed both good responders (24.5%) and poor responders (75.5%) in
terms of TTR%. Conclusion: Predictors of warfarin anticoagulation may
include age, gender, smoking status, and concomitant medication use.
Considering these factors when managing warfarin therapy can improve
treatment outcomes and patient safety.
Design of Parallel Cascade Controller for Nonlinear Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
Authors: Siddiqui Mohammad
Published: August 2023

This work presents an approach to control the temperature of a nonlinear
continuous stirred tank reactor (NCSTR) through parallel cascade control
structure (PCCS). For the first time, PCCS is used to control the
temperature of NCSTR by (1) modelling the dynamic behavior of CSTR with
a recirculating jacket heat transfer system into a third order unstable
transfer function and (2) using the model matching technique to
synthesize the controller parameters. The controller of the secondary
loop of PCCS is designed to achieve enhanced regulatory performance
whereas, the primary loop controller is designed for better setpoint
tracking. The closed loop performance of the proposed method is
evaluated by carrying out simulation on the differential equation of the
NCSTR and comparing it with other structures such as series cascade
control structure (CCS) and parallel control structure (PCS). The
response shows that the proposed method provides satisfactory
performance
An Autoethnographic study on the learning experience of a graduate student who took a qualitative education research methodology seminar
Authors:   Research Institute of Science Education, Ha Yeonshil , Son Seungnam
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to autoethnographically explore a Graduate Student’s Learning Experience and Meaning in the Qualitative Education Research Methodology Seminar. To this end, I reviewed a reflective journal from March to June 2022, observed class participation, and conducted another insider interview. As results of the study, the experience of introducing qualitative research was found to be ‘participating in learning’, ‘building a learning relationship’, and ‘organizing learning’. Students enter the world of qualitative research through classes guided by advisors and textbooks suitable for beginners in qualitative research. However, beginners of qualitative research soon have difficulty in qualitative analysis and interpretation. This is because the process of qualitative analysis and interpretation is a practice that can only be learned by doing. Therefore, for beginners, feedback based on positive interdependence plays an important role in advancing to the next stage of research growth. It was also found that beginners of qualitative research seek various solutions when performing project tasks. The meaning of the introductory experience of qualitative research was found to be ‘learning about learning’, ‘learning in the research field’, and ‘learning about myself as a researcher’. Introductory experiences with a qualitative research lens are qualitative experiences of new ways of thinking and research methods. Given the nature of autoethnographical study that can be buried in their own world in the field of research, it is necessary to supplement them with rich and diverse data, especially for qualitative research beginner. In addition, beginner of qualitative research hope to become better qualitative researcher using the experience of qualitative research classes as a stepping stone. In the end, the researcher sought self-transformation by reflecting on the process of learning through participation in qualitative research classes. As a researcher and research participant, I looked back on the process of learning and seeking self-transformation. This study is expected to share experiences with beginners in qualitative research and help them understand preliminary research.
The middle school teachers’ perceptions on the implementation of project learning: Focused on the case of ‘student-led projet’ at A middle school
Authors:   Research Institute of Science Education, Jeong Eunyoung , Park Jongwon , Yang Young Hee , Joeng Ju-Ri
Published: August 2023

This study investigated teachers’ perception on the implementation of project-based leaning in A middle school, a future-oriented innovative school where all students participate in student-led projects. A survey was conducted with 15 teachers, and interviews were conducted with 4 teachers from the school. The survey and interview questions included expectations of students, opinions on students’ interest, levels of participation, improvement in self-directed ability, positive influence of student-led projects, degree of satisfaction while providing guidance, difficulties, and necessary support. The results indicated that the teachers agreed on the purpose of the student-led projects and expected students’ self-directed ability to improve. The teachers evaluated that students’ interest and participation in the student-led project were high, and that the students’ self-directed ability had improved. The teachers also felt rewarded while watching the students grow. However, there were difficulties such as the degree of involvement in students’ activities while providing guidance, how to motivate students with low interest, and how to support the management of various topics. Additionally, they felt the need for external expert support and guidance materials. Based on the results, the following suggestions are made: project-based learning can be implemented in connection with the local community, guide materials need to be produced and distributed, and discussion on project learning needs to be continued in the school teachers’ professional learning community.
Development and Application of Middle School Remote Inquiry-based Science Instructions
Authors:   Research Institute of Science Education, Seo Young-mi , Yoon Heesook
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to develop and apply remote inquiry-based science instructions of middle school science subjects that emphasize teacher-student, student-student interactions, and can be experimented at home. and then find out the effectiveness of the classes and students’ perceptions. To this end, seven remote inquiry-based classes were conducted for 18 first graders of middle school. Classes were conducted in real time using the ‘Online Class Video Class’ platform, and interaction tools such as Tinkerbell Board and Google Survey were used. In order to analyze the effectiveness of remote inquiry classes, science core competency tests, and science process skill tests were conducted, and students’ perceptions of remote inquiry classes were investigated. As a result of the survey analysis, the application of remote inquiry classes significantly improved students’ science core competencies, and science process skills. The biggest advantage was that individuals could perform all experiments directly through the use of individual experimental kits. In addition, it was found that communication between teacher-student and student-student was actively conducted during class, and they thought it was helpful in class. Based on the results, effective inquiry-based classes in non-face-to-face remote class situations were discussed.
Inulin Extraction from Different Types of Tubers in Magelang District
Authors: Hartati Lilis , Septian Mohamad Haris , Fitria Noor Alif , Idayanti Rahma Wulan , Sihite Mikael
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to determine the levels and characteristics of inulin contained in various types of tubers in Magelang district. The samples used were honey sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.), purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.), white sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.), gadung (Dioscorea hispida), yam (Dioscorea alata L.), canna (Canna edulis Ker.), and arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea). The variables observed were yield, inulin content, inulin production, water content of the yield, yield solubility, and the degree of acidity (pH) of the yield. The research results obtained from 7 tubers, the highest yield was arrowroot tubers (0.155%). Honey sweet potato gave the lowest yield (0.035%), with the highest inulin content (6.472%), the highest water content (14.385%), and the highest solubility (0.685%). Arrowroot tubers gave the highest yield but the lowest inulin content. The highest inulin production is found in purple sweet potato. The degree of acidity (pH) of the tuber extract was in the range of 4.97-5.96. The conclusion of this study is that different types of tubers produce different content and production of inulin.
Evaluation of Motility, Viability and Abnormality of Boar Spermatozoa in Various Modified Extenders
Authors: Parera Hermilinda , Lenda Victor
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to conduct an assessment on the quality of pig semen spermatozoa during storage and determine which diluent material should be used and how long pig semen can be stored. Freshly ejaculated boar semen was obtained from a two-years-old Duroc male and was diluted with Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) and Tris Citrate Fructose (TCF) supplemented with 5% egg yolk (KT) and extract of Borassus flabellifer Linn mesocarp (EM) 0.01% and stored at 13°C for up to 4 days. An experimental study with a completely randomized design with four groups and five repeats was applied. Parameters observed were motility, viability and abnormality of spermatozoa. Sperm quality was evaluated by examining motility and abnormality using a phase-contrast microscope with a magnification of 100X, and viability by eosin nigrosine staining. Parametric data were analyzed with ANOVA followed by Duncan test.  The results showed that the supplementation of 5% egg yolk in the BTS diluent-based treatment group showed a higher percentage of motility (P<0.05) than without egg yolk, while the TCF-based diluent group showed no differences (P<0.05). Modified-Tris Citrate Fructose diluent supplemented with 5% egg yolk and 0.01% mesocarp extract was able to maintain a significantly higher percentage of viability (67.50±2.0) (P<0.05) than other groups, and had a percentage of abnormalities (9.75±0.957), significantly lower (P<0.05) than other groups. It was concluded that the modification of diluent TCF with 5% egg yolk and mesocarp extract 0.01% provide the best results in maintaining sperm quality with the highest percentage of sperm motility and viability, and the lowest percentage of sperm abnormality compared to the other three diluents. Likewise, all groups of modified-BTS and TCF diluent supplemented with 5% egg yolk and extract of Borassus flabellifer Linn mesocarp in this study were able to maintain motility >40%, viability >45% and abnormalities <20% so they were appropriate for using in the AI procedure.
The Effect of Lycopene Addition on the Semen Quality of Saanen Goats Stored at 5°C for 24 hours
Authors: Bintara Sigit , Widayati Diah Tri , Asmarawati Widya , Aji Riyan Nugroho
Published: August 2023

In order to increase the livestock population, a good reproductive process was needed. Lycopene which belongs to carotenoid group has a dark yellow pigment. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding lycopene on the semen quality of Saanen goats. The research design used 4 treatments, P0 (egg yolk tris diluent) as control), P1 (egg yolk tris diluent + 2% lycopene), P2 (egg yolk tris diluent + 4% lycopene), and P3 (yolk tris diluent). egg + 6% lycopene). The quality of semen was observed after 24 hours of storage at 5℃. Macroscopic data were analyzed descreptively and the microscopic one was analyzed using a completely randomized design (CRD). The results showed that the addition of lycopene in egg yolk tris diluent had a significant (P<0.05) effect on the semen quality of Saanen goats. The results showed that the motility of spermatozoa in each treatment group (P0, P1, P2, and P3) was 60.1 ± 5.7%, 65.2 ± 4.3%, 62.4 ± 5.2%, and 60.6 ± 4.7%, respectively, viability were 65.3 ± 4.8, 73.5 ± 4.2, 70.4 ± 3.8, and 66.1 ± 5.1, respectively, abnormality were 17 ± 1.8%, 16 ± 1.8%, 18 ± 1.9%, and 16 ± 1.7%, respectively, and membrane integrity were 63 ± 3.3%, 70 ± 3.6 %, 67 ± 3.2%, and 62 ± 2.9%, respectively. Based on the results, it could be concluded that the lycopene addition improved the semen quality of Saanen goats compared to controls.
Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolate from Broiler Cecum and Organic Broiler Cecum
Authors: Rozani Septianita Eva , Kustyawati Maria Erna , Sartika Dewi , Subeki Subeki , Utomo Tanto Pratondo
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the level of antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli bacterial isolates from broiler cecum and organic broiler cecum using the disc diffusion method on Muller-Hinton Agar as many as 10 cecum samples for each group.Collection of samples using purposive sampling method. Isolates suspected of being Escherichia coliwere further tested using Indole, Methyl Red Voges-Proskauer (MRVP), and Citrate (IMVIC) biochemical tests. E. coli isolates were further tested with the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing which aims to test antibiotic sensitivity. The results obtained from testing antibiotic resistance against Escherichia coli in broiler caecums showed a fairly high level of resistance to Gentamicin (70%), Ampicillin (100%), Cephalotin (100%), Nalixid Acid (86%), Streptomycin (80%), Erythromycin (100%), Oxytetracycline (80%), and the lowest was the antibiotic Chloramphenicol (30%), while the level of resistance in organic broilers showed Ampicillin (100%), Cefalotin (70%), Erythromycin (100%), the lowest resistance was Gentamicin (10%), Oxytetracycline (20%), Chlorampenicol (10%). Escherichia coli isolates obtained from the caecum of broiler and organic broiler showed a fairly high level of resistance. Conclusions of this study were resistance of Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from broiler cecum showed high results to almost all antibiotics except for chloramphenicol antibiotics, while resistance to Escherichia coli bacteria in organic broilers was lower than broilers but still showed a fairly high level of resistance, except for antibiotics Gentamicin, Nalixid acid , and chloramphenicol.
Utilization of Indigenous Microorganisms (IMO) on Lactic Acid Content, pH Value, Dry Matter, and Fleigh Value of Anaerobic Fermentation Cassava Skin (Manihot esculenta)
Authors: Siswinarti Mulatsih , Pramono Pradipta Bayuaji , Septian Mohamad Haris
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using Indigenous Microorganisms( IMO) based on soybean cooking water, rice washing water, tofu dregs water, rumen contents liquid, and coconut water as a commercial starter to replace EM4 in the manufacture of fermentation based on the value of lactic acid content, the value of pH, dry matter content, and Fleigh value. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tidar University. The research method used a completely randomized design with four treatments (P0 = Cassava peel + EM4 (1%) + molasses (3%), (P1 = Cassava peel + IMO 1 (1%) + molasses (3%), (P2 = Cassava peel + IMO 2 (1%) + molasses (3%), (P3 = Cassava peel + IMO 3 (1%) + molasses (3%) and five replications. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and Dunnet's test, using the IBM SPSS 21 tool. The results of this study showed that the use of MOL had a significant effect (P<0.05) on pH but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on lactic acid , dry matter content, and Fleigh value. The conclusion of this study is that the use of MOL can be used as a substitute for a commercial starter because the anaerobic fermentation of cassava peels produced is included in the very good category based on the pH value, lactic acid content, dry matter and the resulting Fleigh value.
The Effectiveness of Azolla microphylla Flour Supplementation in Rations on Body Weight, Total Blood Plasma Protein and Total Microbial Contamination of Broiler Carcasses
Authors: Ermawati Ratna , Pratama Sirat Muhammad Mirandy , Hartono Madi , Fathul Farida , Farda Fitria Tsani
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Azolla microphylla  flour supplementation in broiler feed rations on body weight, total blood plasma protein and total broiler carcass microbial contamination. The study was conducted for 6 months (May-October 2022) in the broiler cage unit at the Integrated Field Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. This experimental study used four treatments and five replications. Each replicate consisted of five Cobb CP 707broiler strains, bringing a total of 100 broilers. Giving Azolla microphylla flour as a supplement is added to the feed ration with different doses according to broiler body weight, namely P0: ration without Azolla microphylla flour supplementation (control); P1: ration supplemented with 2.5% Azolla microphylla flour; P2 5%; P3 7.5%. Sampling of carcasses and blood serum of 29-day-old broilers was 1 broiler per replication with a total of 20 samples. Samples were sent to the Lampung Veterinary Center to be analyzed for total meat microbial contamination (total plate count) and total plasma protein in blood serum. Data from the test results are arranged in a simple tabular form to be analyzed descriptively. The conclusion of this study wassupplementation with 5% Azolla microphyllaflour in rations were effective to increase body weight gain, maintain total blood plasma protein within the normal range, and maintain total broiler carcass microbial contamination within safe limits for consumption.
Banana Waste (Musa acuminata Cavendish Subgroup) as A Sources Eco-Feed for Ruminants in Lampung Province: Potential and Nutrient Content
Authors: HANDAYANI ULVI FITRI , PUTRA BOBY ARYA , ENDAYANI AYU SRI , NARWASTU A. RESHI DANU , SANJAYA REFKI
Published: August 2023

This research was conducted to determine the potential of banana waste (Musa acuminata Cavendish Subgroup), nutritional content, and phytochemical compounds. This study used descriptive analysis using interviews and field observations, as well as proximate analysis of the nutrient content i.e. whole banana, banana peel, and banana stem waste, and also phytochemical screening of banana peels and banana stems. Based on dry matter, whole banana waste contains 10.23% Ash, 1.80% Fat, 3.82% Crude Protein (CP), 8.81 Crude Fiber (CF), and 75.34% Nitrogen-Free Extract (NFE). Banana peel waste contains 6.33% Ash, 4.12% Fat, 4.67% CP, 18.46 CF, and 66.42% (NFE). Banana stem waste contains 25.84% Ash, 1.74% Fat, 11.64% CP, 41.88 CF, and 18.90% (NFE). Banana banana stems and peels contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids but they does not contain alkaloids. Whole banana waste, or banana peel and banana stem waste, from the Cavendish banana species (Musa acuminata Cavendish Subgroup) has the potential to be used as animal feed ingredients, especially for ruminants. However, further research is needed for livestock or the processing of banana waste to be optimally utilized.
Color, pH, and Yolk Index of Chicken Eggs Coated with Coriander at Different Curing Time
Authors: Septinova Dian , Putri Dinda Permata , Riyanti Riyanti , Nova Khaira
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of the length of salting of purebred chicken eggs covered with ingredients containing coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) on color, pH, and yolk index. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with salting time (1, 7, 14, and 21 days) as the treatment, each consisting of 5 replications. Data were analyzed for variance and Least Significant Differnce (LSD) at the 5% level. The results showed that salting time had a significant effect (P>0,05) on color and index yolk, but no significant effect (P>0,05) on the pH of the yolk. Salting eggs for 14 days produced the best yolk color, while 21 days of salting produced the best yolk index and pH. The conclusion is that the salting time for making salted egg covered with coriander-containing ingredients is at least 21 days.
The Use of Azolla microphylla in The Ration on Feed Consumption, Body Weight Gain, and Feed Conversion Ratio in Male Magelang Ducks (Anas platyrhinchos)
Authors: Hartati Lilis , Iqbal Syaiful , Septian Mohamad Haris , Rahayu Tri Puji , Hidayah Nur
Published: August 2023

The study aimed to determine feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion of male Magelang ducks with the addition of Azolla microphylla in the ration. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. In each replication, there were 2 male Magelang ducks aged 5 weeks ( weight average is 747,18±103,9 g) and reared for 7 weeks. The treatment consisted of P0 control diet without Azolla microphylla substitution, P1 control diet + Azolla microphylla 10%., P2 control diet + Azolla microphylla 15%., and P3 control diet + Azolla microphylla 20%. Data collected included feed consumption, body weight gain, final body weight, and feed conversion. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan's test. The addition of Azolla microphylla up to 20% had no significant effect on feed consumption (average 4706.17 ± 27.89 g), daily body weight gain (average 13.18 ± 1.65 g), and feed conversion (average 7. 38 ± 0.95), but significantly different in final body wight, the addition of Azolla microphylla up to levels of 15% and 20% reduced the final body weight of male Magelang ducks. The conclusions of this study were the addition of Azolla microphylla in the ration up to 20% did not affect feed consumption, daily body weight gain and feed conversion, but the addition of Azolla microphylla above 10% reduced the final body weight of male Magelang ducks. Substitition Azolla microphyla in Magelang duck male could be given up to 10% level.
Evaluation Of The Supplementation Of Bitter Melon Flour (Momordica charantia) As A Feed Additive To Physical And Chemical Content Of Broiler Meat
Authors: Gultom Roselin , Ilmania Lidya Amallia , Rinca Korbinianus Feribertus , Bollyn Yohana Maria Febrizky , Luju Maria Tarsisia , Achmadi Puspita Cahya
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the supplementation of bitter melon flour as a feed additive on the physical (tenderness and WHC) and chemical (protein and fat content) quality of broiler meat. The material used in this study was a broiler Lohman strain produced by PT. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia Tbk., unsex, and rearing for 35 days. This research method used a field experiment with 6 treatments with 5 replications. Each experimental unit was given basal feed treatment with the addition of antibiotics (Zinc Bacitracin 0.01%) (P0), 0% bitter melon flour (P1), 0.25% bitter melon flour (P2), 0.5% bitter melon flour (P3), 0.75% bitter melon flour (P4), and 1% bitter melon flour (P5). Data were analyzed with Analysis of Variance and continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test if there were significant differences. The results showed that the addition of bitter melon flour as a feed additive didn't show a significant difference (P>0.05) in tenderness, Water Holding Capacity, protein content, and fat content of broiler meat. The conclusion of this study was that the addition of bitter melon flour as a feed additive showed relatively similar abilities to produce the physical and chemical quality of meat with antibiotics used as a feed additive for broilers.
Nutrients Content of Polianthes tuberosa Plant Waste Fermentation with Aspergillus niger as Alternative Feed Ingredients for Ruminant
Authors: ABDA'U ARTHUR , Sujarwo Salsabila Rahmania , Ali Usman , Muwakhid Badat , Kalsum Umi
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the nutritional content such as organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and non-nitrogen extract materials from the waste of the tuberose flower (Polianthes tuberosa) that was fermented by Aspergillus niger as ruminant feed. The materials used were Aspergillus niger with the availability of inoculant 2.46 x 108 CFU/g, tuberose flower waste, water and molasses. The research method uses the experimental method consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications. Each treatment used a different dose of Aspergillus niger inoculant, namely (P0) control without fermentation, (P1) 1 x 107 CFU/g dry matter (DM) material, (P2) 3 x 107 CFU/g (DM) material, (P3) 6 x 107 CFU/g (DM) material and (P4) 9 x 107 CFU/g (DM) material, each treatment required 200 grams of tuberose flower waste.very significant (P<0.01) effect onnutritional content Polianthes tuberosa mfermented nature. The conclusion of the study was that the administration of Aspergillus niger at a dose of 9 x 107 CFU/g (DM) material was the best dose for Polianthes tuberosa fermentation with a content of 83,87±0,69 % organic matter, 11,50±0,01% crude protein, 0,31±0,08% CF, 18,62±0,23% crude fiber dan 69,57±0,18% non-nitrogen extract materials.
Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) as a Waste Reduction Agent and an Alternative Livestock Feed
Authors: Andari Gardis , Ginting Nina Maksimiliana , Nurdiana Ramdan
Published: August 2023

Black Soldier Fly or Hermetia illucens is an insect that is currently being studied for its characteristics and nutrient content. Black Soldier Fly comes from America which spreads to subtropical and tropical regions. BSF larvae could be develop, grow, in a various organic waste media, because their high tolerance in a pH fluctuation. Some of factors that determine the success of animal feed are the quality and nutrient content itself. The livestock industry is the largest component in the business of providing animal feed reach of 50-70%. The important component in animal feed is protein. Protein content plays an important role in body metabolism, tissue formation, and growth rate. This research aimed to detect nutrient content of BSF larvae with use of various organic waste as their growth media. Analysis of nutrient content (proximate) in larvae includes protein (Kjeldahl method), lipid (Soxhlet method), carbohydrate, and water content. The proximate analysis obtained showed the differences in each type of waste media with the average values of protein, carbohydrates, and fats, respectively, 42.63%, 21.47%, 21.38%. Protein content is the highest element in BSF larvae in all types of growing media.
Reproductive Status and Net Replacement Rate Brahman Cross in Livestock Production Cooperative Maju Sejahtera Tanjung Sari District South Lampung Regency
Authors: Suharyati Sri , Fajri Dani Al , Sulastri Sulastri
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the reproductive status, Natural Increase (NI), Net Replacement Rate (NRR), and Output, of Brahman Cross cattle in Maju Sejahtera Cooperative, Tanjung Sari District, South Lampung Regency. This research was conducted in one month, started from December 2019 to January 2020. Data was collected from all Brahman Cross cattle breeders in the Maju Sejahtera Cooperative by interviewing respondents. Female cattle are used natural mating methods. The age of first mating of heifers is two years. Calving interval (CI) of Brahman Cross cattle at Maju Sejahtera Cooperative is 12.4months. Natural Increase (NI) of Brahman Cross cattle in Maju Sejahtera Cooperative is 29.48%. The Net Replacement Rate (NRR) value of male Brahman Cross cattle at the Maju Sejahtera Cooperative is more than 100% (670.4%). The output of Brahman Cross cattle at the Maju Sejahtera Cooperative is 52.43%.
Muscle Micromorphology and Histomorphometry of Sumba Ongole Cattle (Bos indicus)
Authors: Amtiran Chandraone P. Kefi , Amalo Filphin A. , Maha Inggrid T. , Nitbani Heny
Published: August 2023

This study aims to knowing the micromorphology and histomorphometry of the sumba ongole cattle muscles. The sample used was 6 muscle samples consisted of the longissimus dorsi and bicep femoris muscles taken from three sumba ongole cattle slaughtered at the West Sumba slaughterhouse. Muscle tissue was fixed using 10% formalin and made histological preparations and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Histological preparations were observed using a light microscope with objective magnifications of 4, 10, 40, and 100 times. The results showed that the muscle micromorphology in the transverse section consisted of many fascicles formed by muscle fibers with cell nuclei at the edges, connective tissue, and intramuscular fat. Muscles in longitudinal sections are formed by muscle fibers with light dark stripes and connective tissue. The muscle fibers diameter, fascicle diameter and thickness of the connective tissue in the bicep femoris muscle is higher than the longissimus dorsi muscle. In contrast, the number of muscle fibers per fascicle is higher in the longissimus dorsi muscle. Muscle histomorphometry are strongly influenced by anatomical location and function of the muscles, as well as the presence of intramuscular fat.
The Relationship of Egg Weight with DOC Weight and DOC Weight with Body Weight of First Generation of Sentul Chicken (G1)
Authors: Abdu Muhammad , Gushairiyanto Gushairiyanto , Depison Depison
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the relationship between egg weight and DOC weight and DOC weight with body weight of Sentul GI chickens at 1, 2, 3, and 4 months of age. The materials used were 78 males and 96 females of Sentul G1 chickens from the hatching of 315 G0 eggs. The research method is the experimental method. The variables of this study included: egg weight, body weight and body weight gain at DOC-4 months of age. Data analysis used t-test and correlation regression analysis. Egg weight had no significant effect (P≥0.05) on the sex of Sentul chicken DOC. The average body weight of male Sentul chickens was significantly (P <0.05) higher than that of female Sentul chickens. Egg weight had a significant effect (P<0.05) on DOC weight with a correlation value of 0.915 and 0.892. DOC weight had a significant effect (P<0.05) on body weight at the age of 1, 2, 3, and 4 months with the correlation values of Sentul roosters sequentially 0.892, 0.794, 0.757, 0.539 and Sentul hens correlation values sequentially 0.993, 0.859, 0.735 , 0.527. Conclusion: 1) Average egg weight, body weight, and body weight gain of male Sentul chickens were better than female Sentul chickens G1. 2) The relationship between egg weight and DOC weight and DOC weight at 1, 2, 3 and 4 months of age was positive.
Anatomical and Histological Morphology of The Esophagus and Proventriculus in Green Jungle Fowl (Gallus varius) from Alor Island
Authors: Dael Michaela Marisa , Maha Inggrid T. , Amalo Filphin A. , Nitbani Heny
Published: August 2023

Green jungle fowl (Gallus varius) is a species of jungle fowl endemic Indonesia. This study aims to find out the anatomical and histomorphologIcal of esophagus and proventriculus of green jungle fowl from Alor island. Samples of esophagus and proventriculus were taken from 3 green jungle fowl collected in Alor Regency. Macroscopic study observations include size, location, shape, color and consistency, then sample is fixated in a 10% formalin and made histology preparations as well as haemotoxilin-eosin staining. The results showed that the cervical and thoracic esophagus length is 9.8 ± 0.43 cm and 5.5 ± 0.24 cm, and diameters are 0.55 ± 0.11 cm and 0.6 ± 0.22 cm. The green jungle fowl esophagus is pale red, soft constency,and has a smooth outer surface. Histologically, the walls of esophagus are consist of tunica mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis ekterna, and tunica adventisia. Proventriculus green jungle fowl length is 3.23 ± 0.21 cm, diameter 1.83 ± 0.24 cm, and weight 2 ± 0 g. The proventriculus is fusiform, pale red in color, and has denser consistency than esophagus. Proventriculus walls are composed of tunica mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis ekterna and tunica serosa.
The Effect of Soaking Layer Eggs into Boiled Water of Melinjo (Ggnetum gnemon l.) Leaves against Oxidation, Foaming, and Internal Quality of Eggs
Authors: Kurniawan Diky , Soetrisno Edi , Suharyanto Suharyanto
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of soaking layer eggs into boiled water of melinjo leaves on oxidation, foaming, and internal quality of eggs. The experimental design was a Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments namely without any soaked (P0), soaked for 24 h into boiled water of melinjo leaves 15% (P1), 30% (P2), and 45% (P4) with 4 replications. The measurements were on the 14th and 21st days. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and DMRT multiple comparisons by significance of 0.05. The observed variables included peroxide value, moisture content, foam, albumen and yolk (weight, volume, and index), air sac, and haugh unit. The results showed that the immersion into the boiled water of melinjo leaves had an effect on water content, oxidation rate, foam stability and internal quality of eggs with the best concentration was 30% (P2) and 45% (P3), but had no effect on foam formation. It was concluded that the immersion of chicken eggs at concentrations of 30% (P2) and 45% (P3) was able to prevent the acceleration of the changes in moisture content, suppress oxidation, improve the foam stability, and maintain the internal quality of eggs until the 21st day.
Solid Waste Management of Chicken Farming in Besuki Village, Ampel Sub-District, Boyolali Regency: An Effort Toward Cleaner Production in Broiler Chicken Farming Business
Authors: Setiawan Bayu , Bima Hosiana Albertin Angu , Okowali Debi Debora , Husig Chelsea Jaclynn , Handayani Widhi
Published: August 2023

Broiler farming is one of businesses that can be developed to meet the needs of animal-based protein for the community, in addition to providing jobs and increasing people's income. However, broiler farms release chicken manure whose smell can disturb the surrounding community. This study was conducted to explain the management of chicken farm waste that has been running and to analyze the advantages of processing chicken manure into compost as an effort to realize the clean production of broiler farms in Besuki village, Ampel sub-district, Central Java province. This research was conducted at CV Utomo Farm, Besuki Village, Ampel District, Central Java. A qualitative method with primary and secondary data was used. Primary data were collected by interview and observation, while the secondary data was collected from literatures. The data was analyzed by qualitative analysis. If the chicken manure is processed into compost, it is estimated that 10.319 tons of compost will be produced which will provide an additional income of Rp. 20,630,000.00, and the profit will reach Rp. 13,728,625.00 on a production scale of 27,000 chickens per 35 days. This effort will apply the clean production to minimize pollution by maximizing output.
Assessment of Antimicrobial and Proteolytic Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Dadih: Naturally Fermented Buffalo Milk From West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Wirawati Chandra Utami , Widodo Yatim Rahayu
Published: August 2023

Dadih is a traditional fermented food from West Sumatra Indonesia and had become an integral diet and culture for Minangkabau tribes. The aims of this study were evaluated antimicrobial and proteolytic activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from dadih. Four different dadih samples was taken from 2 origins based on fermentation methods. Samples were isolated and screening for morphological, genotype and phenotype characteristic. Isolation was conducted in de Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar containing 0.5% CaCO3 followed by morphological identification. All isolates were selected based on antimicrobial and proteolytic activity with agar well diffusion method. Finally, the selected isolate were identified based on 16S rRNA partial gene sequence analysis and fermentation profile using API 50 CHL kit test. Seventeen isolates not only exhibited wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity against gram positive and negative bacteria, but also high proteolytic activity. Partial gene sequence analysis and API 50 CHL kit showed 12 isolates were identified as Lactococcus lactis, 3 isolates were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, and 1 isolate each was identified as Lactobacillus pentosus and Pediococcus pentosaceus respectivelly. The result shows that dadih was a potential source of LAB with high antimicrobial (range between 1.0 to 6.1 mm) and proteolytic traits (range between 15 to 2.1 mm). This makes it possible to develop the functional properties of these isolates as a starter culture in milk fermentation.
The Effect of Males on Birth Weight and Body Weight at 11 Months of Female Friesian Holstein Dairy Cattle At PT. Ultra Ranch South Bandung
Authors: Englan Fiqhi Falkan , Salman Lia Budimulyati , Christi Raden Febriyanto
Published: August 2023

This research aims are to identify the birth weight and weight of heifers aged 11 months from each bull that had mate the mother at PT. Ultra Peternakan Bandung Selatan (UPBS). This research used descriptive analysis and one way analysis variance, using SPSS. The data were collected deliberately and in accordance with the completeness of the data, such as pedigree records, livestock identity, names of bulls used, birth weight of heifers, weight of 571 heifers aged 11 months and 22 bulls. The result showed that the average birth weight of heifers (FH) from each bull ranged from 37.78 ± 1.49 kilogram. The average weight of FH aged 11 months from each bull ranged from 302.49 ± 31.73 kilogram. The bull that showed best performance with the highest weight is Coyne PlanetET