bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reversible priority encoder design and implementation using quantum‐dot cellular automata
Authors: Das Jadav Chandra , De Debashis
Published: November 2020

Quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA) are the potential alternative to complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor‐based technology. Ideally, zero power dissipation can be achieved with the help of reversible computing. In this study, a novel design of a reversible priority encoder based on QCA is proposed. The basic building blocks for the design are Toffoli and BJN gates. The proposed design is verified by the QCA designer simulator. The performance analysis of the reversible priority encoder is performed based on the simulation results. The proposedencoder not only overcomes the problem of the messy code but also declines the amount of heat energy dissipation through reversible logic. The proposed reversible circuit could be a major component in future wireless communication because reversible logic accounts for zero loss of information. The estimation of power consumption by proposed QCA circuits is explored that implies QCA can be an ideal platform to implement reversible circuits. The relationship with recently proposed work is also discussed.
Detection method of eyes opening and closing ratio for driver's fatigue monitoring
Authors: Zhao Qijie , Jiang Junye , Lei Zhigao , Yi Jingang
Published: November 2020

Eyes opening and closing status is one of the most important components to monitor the driver's fatigue.d The current research mainly considers eyes blink frequency and the closing duration to judge the driver's fatigue. To identify driver's fatigue level, eyes opening and closing ratio (EOCR) is a critical factor and therefore, it is desirable to detect EOCR for driver's fatigue monitoring. The proposed method aims to simultaneously segment images and measure the parameters of the EOCR. A BiSeNet‐based iris and pupil segmentation network is first proposed and the Visual Geometry Group (VGG) ConvNet‐based model to detect the EOCR value is provided by considering the main features rounding eyes area and the iris‐pupil size for building test dataset. The comparison experiments are conducted with the proposed method and the other existing work in different datasets, such as CASIA‐Iris‐Thousand, CASIA‐Iris‐Interval, and UBIRIS.v2. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has superior detection effects on both infrared images and colour images than other existing approaches. Furthermore, the experiments of detecting the EOCR and iris and pupil segmentation are carried out with the test dataset and the results show that the proposed method can reliably identify driver's eye opening and closing degree.
Crust structure and thermal evolution of neutron stars in soft X-ray transients
Authors: Potekhin A. Y. , Chabrier G.
Published: November 2020

Context. The thermal evolution of neutron stars in soft X-ray transients (SXTs) is sensitive to the equation of state, nucleon superfluidity, and the composition and structure of the crust. Carrying out comparisons of the observations of their crust cooling with simulations offers a powerful tool for verifying theoretical models of dense matter.

Aims. We study the effect of physics input on the thermal evolution of neutron stars in SXTs. In particular, we consider different modern models of the sources of deep crustal heating during accretion episodes and the effects brought on by impurities embedded in the crust during its formation.

Methods. We simulated the thermal structure and evolution of episodically accreting neutron stars under different assumptions regarding the crust composition and on the distribution of heat sources and impurities. For the non-accreted crust, we considered the nuclear charge fluctuations that arise at crust formation. For the accreted crust, we compared different theoretical models of composition and internal heating. We also compared the results of numerical simulations to observations of the crust cooling in SXT MXB 1659−29.

Results. The non-accreted part of the inner crust of a neutron star can have a layered structure, with almost pure crystalline layers interchanged with layers composed of mixtures of different nuclei. The latter layers have relatively low thermal conductivities, which has an effect on the thermal evolution of the transients. The impurity distribution in the crust strongly depends on models of the dense matter and the crust formation scenario. The shallow heating that is needed to reach an agreement between the theory and the observations depends on characteristics of the crust and envelope.
Detection of the hydrogen Balmer lines in the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33b
Authors: Yan F. , Wyttenbach A. , Casasayas-Barris N. , Reiners A. , Pallé E. , Henning Th. , Mollière P. , Czesla S. , Nortmann L. , Molaverdikhani K. , Chen G. , Snellen I. A. G. , Zechmeister M. , Huang C. , Ribas I. , Quirrenbach A. , Caballero J. A. , Amado P. J. , Cont D. , Khalafinejad S. , Khaimova J. , López-Puertas M. , Montes D. , Nagel E. , Oshagh M. , Pedraz S. , Stangret M.
Published: November 2020

Ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) are highly irradiated giant exoplanets with extremely high day-side temperatures, which lead to thermal dissociation of most molecular species. It is expected that the neutral hydrogen atom is one of the main species in the upper atmospheres of UHJs. Neutral hydrogen has been detected in several UHJs by observing their Balmer line absorption. In this work, we report four transit observations of the UHJ WASP-33b, performed with the CARMENES and HARPS-North spectrographs, and the detection of the Hα, Hβ, and Hγ lines in the planetary transmission spectrum. The combined Hα transmission spectrum of the four transits has an absorption depth of 0.99 ± 0.05%, which corresponds to an effective radius of 1.31 ± 0.01 Rp. The strong Hα absorption indicates that the line probes the high-altitude thermosphere. We further fitted the three Balmer lines using the PAWN model, assuming that the atmosphere is hydrodynamic and in local thermodynamic equilibrium. We retrieved a thermosphere temperature 12 200−1000+1300 K and a mass-loss rate Ṁ = 1011.8−0.5+0.6 g s−1. The retrieved high mass-loss rate is compatible with the “Balmer-driven” atmospheric escape scenario, in which the stellar Balmer continua radiation in the near-ultraviolet is substantially absorbed by excited hydrogen atoms in the planetary thermosphere.
Meat productivity and quality of goose meat when using nanostructural zeolite in feeding
Authors: Larina Yulia , Ezhkov Vladimir , Fayzrakhmanov Ramil , Ezhkova Asia
Published: November 2020

The article presents comparative studies of the meat productivity of geese of the Lindovskaya breed when zeolite and nanostructured zeolite feed additives are introduced into their diets. It was shown that the use of zeolite contributed to an increase in the live weight of geese by 4.0 %, the use of different doses of nanostructured zeolite led to an increase by 6.2–10.2 % (P≤0.05), in comparison with control analogues. When using zeolite in meat, the content of zinc and copper salts decreased by 28.0 and 13.1 %. The introduction of nanostructured zeolite into the diet led to a decrease in zinc content by 27.5–31.3 % and that of copper by 27.1–48.6 % compared with the control. The meat of birds of all groups corresponded to hygienic quality requirements for the content of chemical elements.
Prospects for cultivation Triticum aestivum L. and Secale cereale L. on the barren substrates
Authors: Safiullina Lilia M. , Mukhametova Galia M. , Fazlutdinova Alfia I. , Sukhanova Natalia V.
Published: November 2020

Studies on the influence of polymer hydrogels from different manufacturers on the morphometric parameters of microalgae cells of Chlorella vulgaris, Eustigmatos magnus and Scotiellopsis sp. and the possibility of their joint use in sowing seeds of Triticum aestivum and Secale cereale in barren substrates are presented. The optimal effects of a particular algae crop in combination with a particular hydrogel and their dependence on the soil type with a joint effect on the seeds of cereal crops were revealed. The germination ability analysis of higher plants seeds of two studied species showed the effectiveness of “BSPU” hydrogel with E. magnus culture liquid when sown on sand. Indicators of the length of sprouts and roots of cereals seeds allowed us to build a number of effective effects of microalgae: E. magnus > S. sp. > Ch. vulgaris. The results of the study revealed the individuality of the crop in combination: substrate/hydrogel/microalgae, which must be taken into account for the possibility of their effective joint use in reclamation processes.
Economic and energy efficiency of forage grain conservation
Authors: Kuchin Nikolay Nikolaevich , Martyanychev Aleksandr Vladimrovich , Emelyanova Elena Vladimirovna
Published: November 2020

The use of dry preparations is a cheap and environmentally safe method of feed chemical conservation. This can be proved by the results of economic and energy assessment of methods for preserving forage grain, performed using generally accepted methods. The analysis of various methods of preserving, storing and preparing for feeding raw forage grain showed that flattening, chemical preservation and storage in anaerobic conditions was significantly cheaper and less energy intensive than drying it to standard humidity and storing it in the open air. This method is comparable to storing grain of standard humidity, removed in favorable weather conditions and prepared for feeding by grinding it on a hammer mill. The analysis result seems logical due to lower energy costs when replacing grain crushing with flattening. In addition, the forage grain prepared in this way corresponds much to the animals’ physiological needs, and its preparation reduces the physical loss of feed.
Retrospective allergy diagnosis of lysteriosis and lysteria carrying in animals
Authors: Askhatova Natalia A. , Alimov Azat M. , Kasanova Nadiya R. , Mikryukova Elena Y.
Published: November 2020

Experimental infections of guinea pigs and rabbits with a sublethal dose of L. monocytogenes pathogen caused an allergic reaction in the form of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTHS), which was detected by an intradermal allergy test with a Listeriose allergen. The status of DTHS in guinea pigs and rabbits was recorded for a longer time as compared to specific antibodies. A positive allergic reaction correlated with listeria, which was confirmed by the isolation of a Listeria culture 6 months after infection of rabbits with a virulent Listeria strain. The research findings showed that an intradermal allergy test with a developed Listeria allergen allows a retrospective diagnosis of Listeriosis and Listeria carrying. A specific feature of Listeria allergen was established through an intradermal provocative test in animals sensitized by heterogeneous microorganisms (Salmonella and E. coli).
Breeding spring barley for ecological plasticity and adaptability in the North-Western Region
Authors: Bondareva Lyubov , Danilov Dmitry , Kartashova Lyudmila
Published: November 2020

Creation of productive and plastic varieties of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) resistant to adverse weather factors will improve the efficiency of grain production in conditions of low fertility of sodpodzolic soils in the Leningrad region in Russia. The purpose of the study was to determine the environmental plasticity and adaptation features of the new line of spring barley in comparison with the standards: Suzdalets variety (nutans variety) and Leningradsky variety (pallidum variety). The main abiotic stressors for spring barley plants are increased acidity and low supply with plant nutrients, drought followed with excess moisture at the end of the growing season. Field, laboratory, and statistical methods generally accepted for these studies were used in this work. Using the ecological plasticity index (Isp) and the generative to reproductive organs length ratio ds /dk simplifies the task of evaluating hybrids, lines, and varieties. Genotype-environment interaction is a complex process both in its nature and in intensity. The selection of promising variety samples is aimed at isolating genotypes for which the influence of this interaction is minimal. Of particular importance in the selection of spring barley is the creation of varieties with a genetically determined mechanism of protection against adverse environmental factors.
Ways to develop and improve a pharmacologically active compound based on a polymer complex for the prevention and treatment of microelementosis in fur farming
Authors: Balakirev N.A. , Maximov V.I. , Deltsov A.A.
Published: November 2020

The analysis of iron-containing products made in Russia for veterinarian use against iron deficiency anaemia in fur farming was carried out. The absence of hydroxide-polymaltose iron complexes on the pharmaceutical market has been shown and their promise as the main components for oral preparations has been substantiated. In this context, the Collective of the Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, FSBEI HE MGAVMiB-MVA named after K.I. Skryabin, in collaboration with the research and production company A-BIO conducted research to develop and study the effect of pharmacologically active compounds based on a polymer (iron-hydroxide polymantose) complex for treatment and prevention of microelemetosis in the fur animals.
Promising varieties of fiber and oil flax plants for agricultural technologies of Trans-Urals
Authors: Porsev Igor , Sozinov Andrey , Karpov Georgy , Salomatina Ksenia
Published: November 2020

Cultivation of fiber flax and oil flax in Kurgan region is of current interest due to the presence of flax seed and straw processing enterprise – SUE Len Zauralya, Kurgan. To increase the production of highquality flaxseed oil and flax products, the level of flax production should be increased via theoretically substantiated cultivation technologies. Propagating a new variety, plant breeders consider the needs of two categories of consumers – flax producers and flax processors. Some of them need fiber flax varieties of high yield (seed and fiber) and high fiber quality resistant to diseases and lodging, adapted to conditions of Trans-Urals and Siberia. Other consumers need fiber flax varieties that meet numerous requirements of textile, construction, automotive, aviation, medical, and other sectors of the economy, and are suitable for processing by state-of-the-art flax processing equipment. The approach to develop a variety has currently become targeted and customized. Varieties grown in the study area and used as a standard showed high fiber yields: Tomsky 17 – 0.68 t/ha, Tomsky 18 – 0.69 t/ha. The results of the three-year study showed high yields of new varieties: Tost 3 – 0.98 t/ha, Tost 4 – 0.86 t/ha, Tost 5 – 0.82 t/ha. The fiber yield of these varieties was also high: Tost 3 – 0.71 t/ha, Tost 4 – 0.68 t/ha, Tost 5 – 0.66 t/ha.
Prospects for application of organic fertilizer from bird litter
Authors: Sergeeva Alexandra , Gasimova Gulshat
Published: November 2020

Currently, the most effective way to dispose of bird droppings is to process it into organic fertilizer. The processed litter contains the basic micro and macro elements and amino acids in an easily accessible form for plants. Fertilizer from recycled litter is environmentally friendly and effective in neutralizing pathogenic microflora, larvae and helminth eggs, as well as weed seeds. In this work, we studied the modes of processing chicken manure at the Ark plant, the chemical composition of bird manure and organic fertilizer from it obtained in different ways. The effect of various doses of powder on seed germination, plant growth and development was assessed. It is shown that processing of bird droppings into powder increases the content of available macrocells for plants by two times, and also contributes to their longer preservation in organic fertilizer. The study indicates that pre-sowing soil treatment with powder in the optimal dose increases the germination rate of plants by 75 % compared with the control group.
Export potential of the regional grain sector
Authors: Mukhametgaliev Farit , Sitdikova Landysh , Mukhametgalieva Farida , Battalova Alina
Published: November 2020

The relevance of the article is due to the need to improve the efficiency of regional grain sectors on the basis of the export potential in conditions of fierce competition in the global grain market. The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations to increase the export potential and implement competitive advantages of the grain production industry based on an analysis of the current situation and identification of market infrastructure development trends in Russian regions. The study identifies development trends and justifies priority measures for the implementation of the export grain product potential at the regional level. The article presents results of the analysis of development of the grain production industry in Russia and the Republic of Tatarstan, reveals grain market development, competitive advantages of regional producers, identifies systemic problems and directions for increasing the export potential of regional grain product sub-complexes. The theoretical provisions and practical recommendations can be applied in research on the problems of development of the agricultural business, scientific substantiation of the main directions, methods and mechanisms for implementing the food policy.
Study of the sensitivity of bacteria of the species Pseudomonas stutzeri and their associates to various inhibitors
Authors: Fedotova T. A. , Vasiliev D. A. , Lomakin A. A. , Nafeev A. A. , Lugovtsev V. Y.
Published: November 2020

Currently, the development of methods for isolation, indication and identification of Pseudomonas stutzeri bacteria from environmental objects and pathological material is an urgent problem. At the same time, there are no data in the scientific literature on the sensitivity of Ps.stutzeri bacteria to various inhibitors, which are necessary for the development of a selective and differential nutrient medium for them. The article presents the results of studying the sensitivity of Ps. stutzeri and their associates to inhibitors such as sodium benzoate, SDS, nalidixic acid, potassium tellurite and sodium azide, which will be used to develop a selective and differential culture medium for Ps.stutzeri bacteria.
Substantiation and optimization of quantity and type of mechanical cleaners supplied to milk pipe when rinsing milking units
Authors: Kirsanov Vladimir V. , Matveev Vladimir Yu. , Maslov Maxim M. , Zaikin Williams P. , Erzamaev Maxim P.
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of production tests of three designs of mechanical cleaners intended to increase the efficiency of sanitary processing of milking installations. As a result of the experiment, the optimal number of mechanical cleaners and their type were determined. The optimization criterion was the total microbial number (KMAFAnM) obtained as a result of seeding on the nutrient medium of washings from the inner surface of the milk line. As a result of the experiment, it was determined that the optimal result is achieved by sanitizing a milking unit with 4-5 mechanical cleaners with a cleaning surface of bristles.
Density of soil composition using various methods of processing crops of spring wheat in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Akhmetzyanov M. R. , Talanov I. P. , Manyukova I. G.
Published: November 2020

The article presents results of the study of the soil density composition and the yield of spring wheat grain depending on the methods of processing gray forest soil of the Republic of Tatarstan. The high density of soil composition among all the options is the option with direct sowing in the 0-10 cm layer of 1.18 g / cm3, in the 10-20 cm layer 1.27 g / cm3. In the options for stubble plowing with subsequent plowing the indicators were 1.13 and 1.22 g / cm3, respectively. By the phase of getting into the tube and before harvesting spring wheat, the soil bulk density increased in all variants of soil cultivation. The minimum values of the soil bulk density were noted for the options “stubble cultivation + plowing” and amounted to 1.18 and 1.26 g / cm3 in the 0-10 cm layer, 1.27 and 1.30 g / cm3 in the 10-20 cm layer. In the variant with direct sowing, these indicators were 1.25 and 1.31 g / cm3 in the 0-10 cm layer, 1.32 and 1.36 g / cm3 in the 10-20 cm layer. In a layer of 10-20 cm, the density of soil composition, depending on the methods of tillage, increased to 1.27-1.32 g / cm3, before harvesting 1.30-1.35 g / cm3, while the regularity between control and direct sowing have been preserved. The maximum grain yield (3.59 t / ha) and high economic efficiency of spring wheat cultivation were obtained from the use of shallow loosening of the soil with a KSN-3 unit in combination with loosening after a year.
Results of engineless studies of power plant supports for machine-tractor units operation
Authors: Egorov N. M. , Khaliullin F. Kh. , Yakhin S. M. , Galiev I. G.
Published: November 2020

When using a machine-tractor unit, external conditions of its operation change in a wide range. It results in frequent changes in the parameters of speed and load modes of its power plant. Resulting vibrations and oscillations in addition to discomfort and excessive loads on components and mechanisms of the power plant also cause fuel overspending and power losses. To reduce negative vibration impact on effective performance of the power plant creation of supports with adjustable characteristics is suggested. Both internal unbalance of the power plant itself and external influence of variable moment of resistance and impulses of supports themselves are considered perturbing moments. Changes in rigidity and damping coefficients of relevant supports can reduce the amplitude of oscillations of the power plant in variable operating modes, which will improve its utilization indicators.
Influence of modern preparations on soybean crop productivity in the conditions of forest steppe of the Middle Volga region
Authors: Vasin Vasily G. , Saniev Ramis N. , Vasin Alexey V. , Prosandeev Nikolai A. , Burunov Alexey N.
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of scientific research on the growth-stimulating preparations in the pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds and crops according to the development phases in the foreststeppe zone of the Middle Volga. It contains the results of the 2016-2018 research with an assessment of indicators of plant safety, photosynthetic activity and soybean yield in different treatment options by growth factors. The two-component preparations in pre-sowing seed treatment contribute to better soybean germination up to 78.12%. The pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Risotorphine and Raykat Start preparations forms the maximum leaf area. Comparing three years, we can say that the leaves work more productively in the variants with the use of Risotorphine and Raykat Start in pre-sowing treatment. Weather conditions in 2018 allowed soybean crops to form a high yield. The yield level was in the range of 1.48 - 1.98 t / ha. Inoculation of seeds with Raykat Start followed by crops treatment in the phase of 3-5 leaves and budding allowed achieving maximum yield for all years of research. After treating the seeds with Raykat Start, the maximum grain yield was 1.40 t/ha with a double-treatment of crops by microfertilizing mixture Megamix Profi in a phase of 3-5 leaves and budding.
The effects of the probiotic Subtilis on the peripheral blood system of Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Shlenkina T. M. , Romanova E. M. , Lyubomirova V. N. , Romanov V. V. , Shadieva L. A.
Published: November 2020

The article discusses the prospects for using probiotics in aquaculture. The effect of probiotics on the physiological processes in the body of African catfish grown under artificial breeding is discussed. The effectiveness of using probiotics to increase productivity, improve the gastrointestinal tract of fish, increase non-specific resistance and stress resistance is analyzed. The results of our own research on the use of the probiotic Subtilis, which is currently used in many industries, including fish farming, are presented. The aim of the work was to study the effect of the probiotic subtilis on the erythron system and on the structure of the leukocyte formula of African catfish. Against the background of the probiotic subtilis, the total number of red blood cells in the bloodstream was increasing, and the proportion of immature forms was progressively decreasing. The seasonal dynamics and sexual characteristics of the catfish peripheral blood system were studied with the use of a probiotic. In general, the stimulating effect of the probiotic subtilis on erythropoiesis and the white blood system was found. Analysis of the leukogram of African catfish indicated the activation of the cellular component of the immune system when using a probiotic in feeding. Our results allow us to recommend the use of the probiotic subtilis for the cultivation of African catfish in industrial aquaculture. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research with the grant 18-016-00127.
Estimating the abundance of the typographer bark beetle in the spruce forests of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Mukhametshina Aigul , Musin Haris , Taziev Insaf , Gafiatov Renat
Published: November 2020

The article provides an estimation of abundance the typographer bark beetle using barrier traps in the spruce forests of the Republic of Tatarstan. For the last 10 years, there has been the shrinkage of spruce forests throughout the Russian Federation due to adverse factors, primarily the weather. In the forests of the Republic of Tatarstan, the main reasons for the unsatisfactory condition of forest stands are forest diseases – 20,276.7 ha and weather conditions – 16,824.1 ha, corresponding to 51.7% and 42.9% of the area of all plantations with disrupted and lost stability. The research studies were carried out in the “Sabinskiy Forestry Enterprise” and “Lubyankskiy Forestry Enterprise” of the Republic of Tatarstan. According to our observations for the whole growing season, the largest number of beetles is concentrated on a site of pure plantings at the age of 40 years and is estimated at 1,645 pcs. On all three sites, the peak number of beetles takes place on July 5, 2019 corresponding to 3,684 pcs. In 2019, there was damping of some foci of this pest on 330.1 ha. At the same time, the new foci were identified, which accounted for 9.5% of the total area of bark beetle foci. As a result, at the end of 2019, the total area of foci of this pest in the forests of the Republic of Tatarstan was 1,018.9 ha, which is 28% less than the same indicator last year.
Research results of spatial mechanisms and directions of their application in farming machinery
Authors: Mudrov Alexander P. , Mudrov Alexander G. , Yakhin Sergey M. , Pikmullin Gennady V.
Published: November 2020

The paper touches upon the issue of spatial hinge mechanisms with a special structure, developed on the basis of Bennett’s spatial four-bar linkage. The interest in the study of such mechanisms and their use in technology is constantly growing, since they are distinguished by a high efficiency, the transmission accuracy of motion law, the rigidity of the structure and the ability to transfer high loads. In addition, the hinges of the mechanisms are represented only by rotating pairs, which in the design of the hinge units allows the use of rolling bearings and reliably isolate the units from the external environment. The authors give several areas of application of mechanisms as basic and independent devices in technology, including the agro-industrial complex.
Quality education to succeed the SDGs among college students through the role of learner empowerment and creative self-efficacy to develop innovative work behavior
Authors: Etikariena Arum , Widyasari Pratiwi
Published: November 2020

Preparing the college students to be ready to perform their innovative work behavior optimally is essential, especially in supporting organizational and national innovation for the SDGs’ success. One way is by examining how the students perceive their abilities, potential, and roles in the learning environment. The researchers believe that the relationship between the learner empowerment and innovative work behavior will have a more significant influence when they can also realize the learner empowerment into creative self-efficacy. The research respondents are 539 third semester students or higher from Universitas Indonesia. This quantitative research uses the Innovative Work Behavior Scale, the Learner Empowerment Scale, and the Creative Self-Efficacy Scale. The mediation analysis results show that creative self-efficacy has a partial mediating effect on learner empowerment’s relation to innovative work behavior. The three dimensions of the learner empowerment (meaningfulness, competence, and impact) are also significantly related to the innovative work behavior, with the impact as the strongest correlating dimension. This research can be used as input for developing the learning programs, both curricular and extracurricular, to perform innovative work behavior optimally.
The development of green analytical methods to monitor adulteration in honey by UV-visible spectroscopy and chemometrics models
Authors: Elhamdaoui Omar , El Orche Aimen , Bouchafra Houda , El Karbane Miloud , Cheikh Amine , Bouatia Mustapha
Published: November 2020

The development of green and environmentally friendly analytical methods for agri-food products is an essential element to be treated by green analytical chemistry. In this study, UV-Visible spectroscopy, combined with a mathematical and statistical or chemometrics algorithm, has been developed to monitor honey quality. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS-R) and Support Vector Machine Learning Regression (SVM-R) showed an adequate quantification of the percentage of impurity. The use of these models demonstrates a high ability to predict the quality of honey. R-square’s high value shows this ability, and the low value of root mean square error of calibration and cross-validation (RMSECV, RMSEC). The results indicate that UV-Visible spectroscopy allied with the Chemometrics algorithms can provide a quick, non-destructive, green, and reliable method to control the quality and predict honey’s adulteration level.
Determination of methane content and methane released when exploiting longwall at different levels at 13.2 seams, Khe Cham coal mine, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Van Thinh
Published: November 2020

Khe Cham coal mine is managed by Ha Long Coal Company TKV. Currently, Khe Cham coal mine is exploited from the ground up to 350 and is ranked III for methane. In 2008, a methane explosion at -168 level of the 13.2 coal seam of Khe Cham coal mine occurred, injuring 16 people and killing 8. In order to avoid gas explosions at mines like 2008, it is necessary to have appropriate solutions to eliminate methane accumulation in the pit paths. We have studied to determine the relationship between the level of methane emissions with the methane content in the coal seam and the bazaar’s mining output because of the methane content in the coal seam and coal mining output. These are the two factors that greatly affect the release of methane from the longwall. The paper used practical measurement, sampling, and analysis methods to determine the level of methane emissions from longwalls at different extraction levels of the 13.2 coal seam and determine the relationship between the methane drainage and the methane content in the coal seam and the exploitation output of the longwall. This relationship is expressed by the equation y = a.x2 + b.x + c (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3). The results will help with planning for mining and have specific solutions for diluting methane in the mine’s pit lines
Qualitative study of obstacle to community empowerment in waste management: Community perspective in DKI Jakarta
Authors: Brotosusilo Agus , Soedrajad M. R.
Published: November 2020

Even though waste has become a big problem in Jakarta, the efforts to overcome it are still running poorly in reality. Many obstacles make community empowerment in managing waste difficult. Population numbers and increased economic capacity and community production, for example. Besides the problem of urbanization in general, the community’s role in learning and taking the initiative in empowering themselves to avoid the problem of waste is still low. This study uses a qualitative method with theoretical and recent studies review, policy review, and critical analysis of the theory. Barriers to the community’s internal problems and the lack of seriousness of attitude from the government can be seen as a phenomenon that shows obstacles also exist in socializing the values of waste management properly.
The estimation of carbon emission on the result of road transportation reallocation
Authors: Januarisma Vikri , Garniwa Iwa
Published: November 2020

Carbon emission reduction becomes a concern in the development of road transportation. Government policy and direction perform a vital role in the current condition. This study aims to estimate the total carbon emission influenced by several conditions: vehicle volume, vehicle speed, public transportation involvement, and implementation of odd-even vehicle plate policy using system dynamics modeling. According to the result, it is shown that the involvement of public transportation and the effectiveness of odd-even plate implementation has been decreased sharply in 2030 to 2,79E+05 tons CO2e from 7,00E+11 ton CO2e. That condition is applied for the same assumption of 40% the effectiveness oddeven plate implementation, fuel economy ratio 16 km/l, total travel distance 214 km, and speed vehicle 70 km/h. Therefore, the Government’s role in improving, providing, or adding public transportation frequency is highly recommended in future development.
Sawn timber recovery optimization in primary industry from legality aspect
Authors: Atik Umar , Karuniasa Mahawan , Wardhana Yuki
Published: November 2020

To reduce deforestation and illegal logging several international initiatives have been carried out. Recognition of SVLK existence, among others, is through Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and TradeVoluntary Partnership Agreement (FLEGT-VPA) and Illegal Logging Prohibition Act (ILPA), which are proof of Indonesian Government’s commitment to improving forest governance. Sistem Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu (SVLK) regulates compliance from forest management and timber trade aspect. Scope of SVLK audit covers from upstream to downstream forest governance, one of which is sawmill industry. Fulfilling the legality aspect of sawmill industry is mandatory in SVLK. SVLK also analyses wood traceability and sawmill activities in the industry. One of indicators used is sawn timber recovery of sawmills. The research was conducted using literature studies, descriptive analysis and comparative analysis of secondary data and regulations related to SVLK. Case study used as research object was Penggergajian Kayu (PK) Rimba Sari sawmill industry with production capacity of <6,000 m3/year in Banyumas. PK Rimba Sari generates of 59.34% sawn timber recovery. The study shows that there is potential for utilization of wood waste amounting to 40.66%. So far, wood waste is only used for direct sales but no processing has been carried out yet. The objective of research is to analyze the optimization of sawn timber recovery concerning legality aspect of company as a form of compliance with SVLK scheme. This study concludes that researchers recommend an alternative use of wood waste as part of a sustainable industry and clean production.
Social intervention in improving smallholders welfare in realizing eco-friendly palm oil plantations
Authors: Atik Umar , Rokhim Rofikoh , Rusdayanti Nurul
Published: November 2020

The Indonesian government continues to strive to increase the production, productivity, and quality of oil palm. Several studies on the welfare impact have shown that some smallholders benefit greatly in terms of income. Meanwhile, there are challenges to improve the welfare of smallholders, such as financial and knowledge barriers. Therefore, this article aims to identify social interventions’ contribution to improving farmer welfare and realizing environmentally friendly oil palm plantations. Social intervention can be interpreted as an effort to help in the form of planned changes to individuals, groups, and communities, which can come from government, corporate, third parties, communities, and individuals. This article contributes to define and gather social intervention perspective in improving smallholder welfare. The study employs a method approach combining literature review and descriptive analysis. These social intervention approaches, ideally embedded in a community strategy developed by the stakeholders in palm oil practice, have the potential to improving smallholder’s welfare in realizing eco-friendly palm oil plantations. To complement previous researches, this research is important because it is specific to enhance smallholder welfare through social intervention approach. Social intervention can be a form of law intervention, financial scheme and support, community programs, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs. Through that can help palm oil farmers, especially smallholders, to increase productivity while paying attention to environmental sustainability.
A shared fractal aesthetic across development
Authors: Robles Kelly E. , Liaw Nicole A. , Taylor Richard P. , Baldwin Dare A. , Sereno Margaret E.
Published: November 2020

Fractal patterns that repeat at varying size scales comprise natural environments and are also present in artistic works deemed to be highly aesthetic. Observers’ aesthetic preferences vary in relation to fractal complexity. Previous work demonstrated that fractal preference consistently peaks at low-to-moderate complexity for patterns that repeat in a statistical manner across scale, whereas preference for exact repetition fractals peaks at a higher complexity due to the presence of order introduced by symmetry and exact recursion of features. However, these highly consistent preference trends have been demonstrated only in adult populations, and the extent to which exposure, development, or individual differences in perceptual strategies may impact preference has not yet been established. Here, we show differences in preference between fractal-type, but no differences between child and adult preferences, and no relationship between systemizing tendencies (demonstrated by the Systemizing Quotient and Ponzo task) and complexity preferences, further supporting the universality of fractal preference. Consistent preferences across development point toward shared general aesthetic experience of these complexities arising from a fluency of fractal processing established relatively early in development. This in part determines how humans experience natural patterns and interact with natural and built environments.
Perceptions of stereotypes applied to women who publicly communicate their STEM work
Authors: McKinnon Merryn , O’Connell Christine
Published: November 2020

Gender biases and stereotypes are prevalent in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields, which can create obstacles for the attraction, retention and progression of girls and women to STEM studies and careers. There are many initiatives which are used to attempt to address these biases and stereotypes, including the use of visible role models. This study explores the perceptions of the stereotypes applied to female STEM professionals who publicly speak about their work in both academic and non-academic settings. Using workshops with over 300 participants, predominantly female STEM professionals, from over 25 different cultural backgrounds, the results showed women who publicly communicate their work are likely to be stereotyped as ‘bitchy’, ‘bossy’, and ‘emotional’—often by their own gender. These findings suggest that women may be in a more vulnerable position when communicating publicly about their work, which could have implications for them participating fully in their careers. It may also have implications for programs which use role models to address prevailing STEM stereotypes. Systematic cultural and institutional change is needed in STEM fields to address the underlying bias and negative stereotypes facing women. However, it should be ensured that the intended solutions to facilitate this change are not compounding the problem.
Seaweed-derived hierarchically porous carbon for highly efficient removal of tetracycline
Authors: Qin Wen-xiu , Sun Na , Wang Guo-zhong , Zhang Hai-min , Zhang Yun-xia
Published: November 2020

Herein we present a facile approach for the preparation of a novel hierarchically porous carbon, in which seaweeds serve as carbon source and KOH as activator. The fabricated KOH-activated seaweed carbon (K-SC) displays strong affinity towards tetracycline with maximum uptake quantity of 853.3 mg/g, significantly higher than other tetracycline adsorbents. The superior adsorption capacity ascribes to large specific surface area (2614 m2/g) and hierarchically porous structure of K-SC, along with strong π-π interactions between tetracycline and K-SC. In addition, the as-prepared K-SC exhibits fast adsorption kinetics, capable of removing 99% of tetracycline in 30 min. Meanwhile, the exhausted K-SC can be regenerated for four cycling adsorption without an obvious degradation in capacities. More importantly, pH and ionic strengths barely affect the adsorption performance of K-SC, implying electrostatic interactions hardly play any role in tetracycline adsorption process. Furthermore, the K-SC packed fixed-bed column (0.1 g of adsorbents) can continually treat 2780 mL solution spiked with 5.0 mg/g tetracycline before reaching the breakthrough point. All in all, the fabricated K-SC equips with high adsorption capacity, fast adsorption rate, glorious anti-interference capability and good reusability, which make it hold great feasibilities for treating tetracycline contamination in real applications.
Helical spin structure in iron chains with hybridized boundaries
Authors: Vargas Nicolas M. , Torres Felipe , Baker Alexander A. , Lee Jonathan R. I. , Kiwi Miguel , Willey Trevor M. , Monton Carlos , Schuller Ivan K.
Published: November 2020

We have compared the magnetic properties of well-controlled ultra-short (≤50 nm) atomic iron (Fe) chains embedded in Fe-phthalocyanine films with those in Fe–hydrogen (H2) phthalocyanine superlattices. Surprisingly, we found that the coercivity of the atomic chains with free boundary conditions is independent of the chain length, whereas the one subject to hybridization of the chain ends exhibits an unexpected length dependence. These findings suggest that ferromagnetism in the free-boundary condition system is caused by an intrinsic indirect exchange. On the other hand, controlled boundary conditions produce a helical spin structure due to an extrinsic indirect exchange, which arises from the interaction between iron atoms at the ends of the chain and the hydrogen in the H2 phthalocyanine spacer. As a consequence, during magnetic reversal, ultra-short iron chains subject to boundary clamping develop a helical spin structure, leading to increased coercivity. These findings suggest unique insights and ideas for the design of atomic-scale ultra-dense magnetic storage nanodevices.
Thermal properties of tetragonal tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide + tetra-n-butyl ammonium chloride mixed semiclathrate hydrates based on hydration numbers and guest mole fraction rates
Authors: Oshima Motoi , Jin Yusuke , Nagao Jiro
Published: November 2020

In this study, we investigated variations in the thermal properties of tetragonal tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) + tetra-n-butyl ammonium chloride (TBAC) mixed semiclathrate hydrates by ion chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry; these variations were assessed both in terms of their hydration numbers and the guest mole fraction rates of the hydrates. TBAB mole fraction rates in mixed hydrate crystals (yTBABh) are lower than those in mixed aqueous solutions; therefore, as Cl− has a smaller size difference to a water molecule, it is more easily incorporated into the host frameworks of hydrates than Br−. The melting points of mixed hydrates were observed at 286–289 K, and the maxima are around yTBABh = 0.1–0.3 in each hydration number. The increase in melting points largely depends on decreasing yTBABh rather than increasing hydration numbers. It is suggested that the combinations of TBAB and TBAC optimize the crystal structures, and melting points of TBAB + TBAC mixed hydrates become anomalously higher than those of the pure TBAC hydrates. Dissociation enthalpies per mass increase from 193 J g−1 to 215 J g−1, primarily with decreasing yTBABh, whereas those per guest moles increase from 154 kJ mol−1 to 188 kJ mol−1, primarily with increasing hydration numbers rather than yTBABh.
Multiphonon replicas of the excitonic spectroscopy in monolayer transition metal chalcogenides
Authors: Cui Yu , Xiao Yao , Sun Yong , Deng Jia-Pei , Li Zhi-Qing , Wang Zi-Wu
Published: November 2020

Within the framework of the Huang–Rhys model, we study multiphonon replicas of excitonic spectroscopy in monolayer transition metal chalcogenides based on excitons coupled with three types of phonon modes. The phonon replicas for the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon modes and surface optical (SO) phonon modes induced by the polar substrate Al2O3 are given and a linewidth of the phonon replica arising from the exciton-longitudinal acoustic phonon interaction is proposed. We find that the intensity distribution and temperature dependence of the phonon replicas are in good agreement with the experimental measurement. Furthermore, we propose combinational phonon replicas of pLOℏωLO+pSOℏωSO between two optical phonon modes, which effectively fill the gaps between the replicas of the single phonon modes. These theoretical results provide some insight into the detailed analysis of excitonic spectroscopy.
Nonlinear transport of rarefied Couette flows from low speed to high speed
Authors: Ou Jihui , Chen Jie
Published: November 2020

The nonlinear transport properties and macroscopic flow features of rarefied plane Couette flows from low speed to high speed for a monatomic gas are investigated in detail using the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. The effective viscosity and thermal conductivity are directly computed from the DSMC results according to the linear constitutive relations. The detailed structure of the Knudsen layer (KL) and the functional dependence of the effective transport coefficients on local Knudsen numbers in the whole system are presented and compared with existing theoretical models. The results show that the effective viscosity and thermal conductivity distributions in the KL for different Mach number flows can be recast into the same profile (i.e., isothermal scaling function) in terms of a scaled wall distance η=∫0y1/λ(y)dy, though the local flow is nonisothermal. For all cases, the shear-stress Knudsen number distributions across the channel show a well opposite trend to the effective transport coefficient profiles. The functional dependence between them in the bulk region always coincides with the normal solution that is derived from the Boltzmann model equations for unbounded shear flows, while that in the KL for low-speed cases shows a large difference with the normal solution. As the Mach number increases, the DSMC data in the KL can also agree approximately with the normal solution at a large shear-stress Knudsen number. These results can be very useful for developing phenomenological models to describe a wall-bounded rarefied shear flow, showing a good prospect in both microflow and high-altitude applications.