bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Stakes Test Accommodations
Authors: Lai Stephanie A. , Berkeley Sheri
Published: July 2017

Because high stakes are now attached to standardized assessments of student progress, policy makers, administrators, practitioners, and parents must understand how to most effectively and accurately measure the performance of all students, including students with learning disabilities (LD). To accomplish this, test accommodations are provided on an individual basis that are intended to mediate the impact of a student’s disability. The purpose of this article was to examine policy and guidelines related to accommodations among states and to review research related to the effectiveness of accommodations for students with LD. Findings showed that there continues to be large variability among states regarding allowed testing accommodations and that although there has been an increase in research conducted related to the effectiveness of accommodations for students with LD in the past decade, empirical evidence remains sparse and findings are often inconclusive. Implications are discussed.
Note-Taking Techniques for Students With Disabilities
Authors: Boyle Joseph R. , Rivera Tina Z.
Published: July 2017

This article provides a synthesis of note-taking research among students with learning disabilities or other high-incidence disabilities. A search of the professional literature between 1980 and 2010 yielded nine intervention studies, which were evaluated either in terms of effect size or percentage of nonoverlapping data. The studies examined three different note-taking techniques used by students during lectures and included 125 students of varying disabilities. Findings revealed that students who used note-taking techniques were effective at increasing scores on measures of achievement and the quality and quantity of notes recorded. Limitations and implications of note-taking techniques for content-area classrooms are discussed.
Official Sources Dominate Domestic Violence Reporting
Authors: Bullock Cathy Ferrand
Published: July 2017

A content analysis of Utah newspapers suggests that routine coverage of domestic violence fatalities and attempted homicides is built primarily on official sources.
Tribune-Review Revives Competition in Pittsburgh
Authors: Hallock Steve
Published: July 2017

The conservative Tribune-Review's move into Pittsburgh fostered local editorial competition with the Post Gazette, a more liberal voice. Not only did they differ in frequency of editorials, they also offered readers differing ideological opinions.
Foreign News Stories More Likely to Include Unnamed Sources
Authors: Sheehy Michael
Published: July 2017

An analysis of The Washington Post found widespread use of unnamed sources in foreign news, and these stories were more likely to contain anonymous sources than were political stories.
Newspapers Focus on Conflict in Stem Cell Coverage
Authors: Dahmen Nicole Smith
Published: July 2017

This analysis of coverage of stem cell research shows three major newspapers' focus on the political aspects—the controversy—and provide much less scientific understanding of the issue.
Newspapers' Sunday Supplements: Rocky Present, Bright Future?
Authors: Husni Samir A.
Published: July 2017

Why do newspapers continue to carry national Sunday supplements? Findings from a sample survey suggest these supplements have little effect on increasing circulation. A majority of publishers said Sunday supplements did not attract new advertisers to the newspaper, yet these publishers continue to carry the supplements due to audience atttraction. This high readership gave publishers strong support for the future of the supplements.
Unraveling the State Desk's Knotty Problem
Authors: Stone Gerald
Published: July 2017

The state desk's dilemma is how to include the best news articles for readers of each edition of the newspaper. Applying only the “proximity” news value can result in weaker stories appearing simply because they're “local” for a particular edition. This research project offers state desk staffers a way to evaluate their story selection process and perhaps improve it.
Pre-, during and Post-Censorship Coverage of India by the New York Times
Authors: Ramaprasad Jyotika
Published: July 2017

The New York Times' coverage of India was examined before, during and after the Indian press censorship of the mid-'70s. In view of Western concerns about censorship effects on the kind of news emerging from a country, it was expected that more favorable/positive topic news and less unfavorable/negative topic news would be found in the Times during than before and after the censorship. However no differences in coverage (in terms of slant and topics) were found over the three periods. Resourcefulness on the part of foreign correspondents and resistance from domestic sources may explain the findings.
Is Newspaper Reading Related to Where People Shop?
Authors: Tichenor Phillip J. , Donohue George C. , Olien Clarice
Published: July 2017

Telephone surveys in a sample of Minnesota cities – ranging in types such as rural, regional center, urban and suburban – compared residents' newspaper reading with where they shop for food, services, recreation and other items. A variety of relationships was found, indicating people's use of the newspaper for shopping is associated with community change and development. This study suggests further investigation of the possible shifting role of newspapers in their markets.
Fingering the Bad Guys
Authors: Stocking Holly , Leonard Jennifer Pease
Published: July 2017

The 1990 Earth Day media blitz was rife with irony: businesses, politicians and celebrities, all of whom have done their share of trashing the planet, suddenly coming up green. But was that the only irony worth noting, or was there another that journalists themselves might take to heart?
Still on the Beat (or Would Be)
Authors: Peas Ted
Published: July 2017

Journalism and mass communication educators have some impressive professional credentials. This survey shows many itch for a chance to get back to the newsroom part-time to keep their skills and knowledge sharp and maintain industry contacts. Many say such professional activity improves both their teaching and research.
Educating Professional Journalists
Authors: Ramsey Doug
Published: July 2017

Reporters covering an increasingly complex world of toxic waste, economics, foreign wars, S&L scandals, AIDS, greenhouse gases, and more find they need more than basic skills and a sharp pencil. Continuing education helps keep them up to speed.
Down to the Wire
Authors: Rollberg Jeanne Norton , Sanders Luther W. “Sonny” , Buffalo M.D.
Published: July 2017

What do poll results in newspapers during elections really mean? All newspapers run stories about polls, but the six in this study fell short in reporting accepted standards about the polls that might have helped readers make sense of them.
The Press & U.S. v. Morison: Sounding the Alarm or Crying “Wolf”?
Authors: Eberhard Wallace B.
Published: July 2017

When a civilian Navy intelligence expert was jailed for selling classified information to a British magazine, the press cried “Wolf!” But rather than some great watershed or landmark, the Morison case is best viewed as another skirmish in the continuing war against suppression of a free flow of information and First Amendment rights.
Acronyms in Newspapers: ASAP or SNAFU?
Authors: Nolan Jack
Published: July 2017

Journalists rely heavily on acronyms, perhaps part of the insider's lexicon. But for people not in the know, how well do those “well-known” initials — NRA, SPCA, CIA and FDA, for example — translate in the morning paper? Acronyms are intended as easy shorthand, but should all these initials really be SOP?
Seeking Instructional Value: Publication of Disturbing Images in Small Community Newspapers
Authors: Husselbee L. Paul , Adams Amy Ann
Published: July 2017

Disclosure of how the decision to publish was made may lessen criticism of the newspaper when a controversial photograph is run.
Comparing City Characteristics and Newspaper Coverage of Dr. Jack Kevorkian
Authors: Pollock John C. , Coughlin Jennifer , Thomas Jennifer , Connaughton Traci
Published: July 2017

Coverage of Kevorkian varies with income, health expenditures and proportion of population over 65.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Poly(Ester-Amide)s Containing Oligo(Oxyethylene) Segments
Authors: Bizzarri Ranieri , Solaro Roberto , Talamelli Paolo , Chiellini Emo
Published: July 2017

Segmented poly(ester-amide)s were prepared by poly-condensation of a series of monoaminooligo(oxyethylene) pentachlorophenyl succinates, containing 1-3 oxyethylene units. The monomers were prepared by a four-step procedure from oligo(oxyethylene) monoamines consisting of: (1) protection of the primary amine group by di(t-butyl) carbonate, (2) succinoylation of the free hydroxyl group, (3) esterification of the resulting acid group with pentachlorophenol, and (4) deprotection of the amine group in anhydrous acid conditions. Polycondensation experiments were performed in solution and in bulk at room temperature by using triethylamine as a base to restore the active amine group of the monomer. Only bulk polymerization gave rise to high molecular weight polymers. Solubility and thermal properties of the materials were found to be related to the length of the oligo(oxyethylene) segment and the presence of strongly interacting amide groups.
pH Sensitive Vinyl Copolymers as Vectors for Gene Therapy
Authors: Dubruel Peter , Toncheva Veska , Schacht Etienne H.
Published: July 2017

A series of pH-sensitive vinyl (co)polymers was synthesised to investigate whether the buffering capacity is a crucial factor in determining the transfection efficiency of synthetic vectors in gene therapy. The polymers containing side groups with different pKa were prepared by radical polymerization. All cationic polymers were able to condense DNA, yielding rather small and homogeneous particles, as determined by dynamic light scattering. The effect of pH, temperature and serum albumin on complex formation was also investigated. The results from the titration studies showed that copolymers of (2-dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate and 4-methyl-5-imidazoyl methyl methacrylate or methacrylic acid have a buffering effect over a broader pH range compared to poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate). Introduction of N-(2-hydroxyethyl) nicotinamide methacrylate had no significant effect on the buffering range.
Microspheres from Poly(D,L-Lactide)/Poly(1,5-Dioxepan-2-One) Miscible Blends for Controlled Drug Delivery
Authors: Edlund U. , Albertsson A. C.
Published: July 2017

Novel biodegradable microspheres were designed from blends of poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLLA) and poly(1,5-dioxepan-2-one) (PDXO). The addition of PDXO to PDLLA yielded a more pliable and versatile matrix, where the properties can be controlled by means of composition. The components were fully miscible and formed homogeneous, amorphous, smooth and dense microspheres. Blend composition was a vital factor in determining the blend properties, morphology and in vitro degradation. Diclofenac sodium, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was incorporated into PDLLA-PDXO microspheres of various composition ratios. Sustained release of drug was obtained. The degradation and release rates of PDLLA-PDXO microspheres were dependent on the blend composition, providing a powerful means of controlling drug delivery.
Polyethers with 8-Hydroxy-54-Quinolinyl Chelating End-Groups: Effect on Iron Nutrition of Plants and Antibacterial/Antimycotic Effects
Authors: Ignatova M. , Manolova N. , Rashkov I. , Ignatov G. , Russeva E.
Published: July 2017

The effect of Fe3+ chelates of polyethers having terminal 8-quinolinol (8Q) residues linked to the polymer chain at different ring positions on the remedy of iron-deficient maize plants was studied. It was found that Fe3+ chelates of polymers with 8Q groups attached at the 5-position (HOQ-P-QOH) were the most effective. Decreasing the temperature and photosynthetic photon flux density caused a four-fold retardation in the remedy of iron-deficient plants. The results are explained in terms of the stability of the Fe3+ complexes. The microbiological tests showed that the polyethers were active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. HOQ-P-QOH also exhibited antimycotic activity.
Electrostatic Interactions in Leucine Zippers: Effects on Stability and Specificity of Interaction
Authors: McGrath Kevin P. , Butler Michelle M. , DiGirolamo Carla M. , Kaplan David L. , Petka Wendy A. , Laue Thomas M.
Published: July 2017

Using a set of natural coiled-coil proteins as models, a series of recombinant proteins were designed and expressed in E. coli. These proteins contain a consensus coiled-coil sequence as a framework into which were incorporated positively or negatively charged residues at selected positions. A mixed-site genetic strategy was used to generate DNA fragments encoding over 4,000 different combinations of charged residues within the coiled-coil motif. A subset of these genes was used to produce recombinant coiled-coil proteins with well-defined variations in charge pattern and composition. Variants of each sequence containing a unique cysteine at the C-terminus were oxidized to the disulfide-linked dimer, and characterization of their physical properties support the proposed parallel orientation of protein chains. In all cases, equilibrium populations of dimeric and tetrameric structures were observed under physiological conditions, with dimer-to-tetramer dissociation constants in the range of 50-190 riM. Significant differences in complex stability were seen with different charge patterns. Contrary to expectations, no linear relationship was observed between net ionic interaction and any measure of complex stability, arguing that a more subtle set of rules governs these interactions. This work has revealed two important aspects of coiled-coil interactions: the observed relationship between charge interactions and complex stability shows considerable nonlinearity, and the presence of higher order interactions in coiled-coil motifs may be more widespread than is currently suspected. The relationships described here have broad relevance, especially in the areas of protein folding, protein-based materials design, antibody-antigen and receptor-ligand interactions, and rational drug design.
Attachment of 3T3 and MDBK Cells onto PHEMA-Based Microbeads and their Biologically Modified Forms
Authors: Ayhan H. , Kozluca A. , Pişkin E. , Gurhan I.
Published: July 2017

Polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate (PHEMA) microbeads in a size range of 150-250 μm were prepared by suspension polymerization in an aqueous phase containing magnesium oxide. Hydroxyl groups were oxidized with NaIO4 and cell adhesive proteins, namely collagen and fibronectin, were immobilized using glutaraldehyde. A spacer-arm, hexamethylene diamine, was used in some cases. Higher amounts of collagen were immobilized, than in fibronectin. The attachment of two cell lines (i.e., 3T3 and MDBK cell lines) on these microbeads with a wide variety of surface properties was studied in vitro culture media. The attachments of both cells, even onto plain microbeads, were significant. Introducing both fibronectin and collagen onto the microbeads caused significant increases in the cell attachment. More cells attached to the microbeads carrying fibronectin covalently attached onto the microbeads through the spacer-arm molecules. Fibronectin was better than collagen for high attachment values. The mathematical model proposed successfully simulated attachment kinetics.
Perceptions of Bystander Willingness to Intervene on Behalf of Victims of Criminal Assaults: Implications for the Development of Coproductive Strategies
Authors: Brosnan Dolores
Published: July 2017

Crime prevention through the use of strategies designed to reduce opportunities for criminal activity is recognized as both practical and cost effective (NCPI, 1986). Routine strategies tend to focus on a siege or fortification model (NCPI, 1986; Sheleff, 1978; Jeffery, 1977; Newman, 1972) that may be neither possible nor desirable. A crime prevention strategy that goes beyond the fortification model routinely suggested by professional law enforcement involves the concept of coproduction (Schneider, 1986). Described as providing collective goods for the common welfare of the citizens (Ostrom, 1973), this concept is implicit in studies seeking to understand the behavior of witnesses (bystanders) in emergency situations. This study, based on a survey of New York city subway riders, examines the relationship between personal factors associated with bystanders and the likelihood of their intervention on behalf of a person being victimized in a criminal attack, i.e., their participation in coproduction. The findings identify a)bystander assessments regarding the likelihood that other bystanders will or will not intervene as the strongest predictor of willingness to intervene in these situations, and b)a composite model consisting of the other bystander willingness, carrying a self protective device, and gender variables as having the best goodness of fit score.
Accountability v. Independence: Myths of Judicial Selection
Authors: Blankenship Michael B. , Spargar Jerry B. , Janikowski W. Richard
Published: July 2017

The various methods of selecting state trial court judges continue to generate controversy. Partisan and nonpartisan elections, executive and legislative appointments, and the Missouri Plan represent a philosophy of judicial accountability versus judicial independence. The selection plans are described briefly; criticisms of the primary systems of judicial selection are presented. The authors conclude that appointive methods are no more effective than the elective process in placing qualified judges on the bench, while neither method is successful in fulfilling philosophical expectations.
The Empire State Strikes Back: Examining Death-and Life-Qualification of Jurors and Sentencing Alternatives under New York's Capital-Punishment Law
Authors: Acker James , Brody David C. , Harmon Talia Roitberg , Richeson J. Scott
Published: July 2017

New York's 195 death-penalty legislation requires prospective jurors to be “death qualified” and “life qualified” in order to serve in capital trials. Thus, if a venire member's views about capital punishment would interfere with his or her ability to consider imprisoning both statutory sentencing options of death and life imprisonment without parole (LWOP), the prospective juror is excluded by law from participating in either guilt-phase or penalty-phase deliberations. In addition, although the law requires jurors to choose between sentences of death and LWOP following a capital-murder conviction, it includes a unique provision governing cases in which a jury is unable to achieve a unanimous sentencing verdict: the judge must sentence the defendant to a term of 20 to 25 years to life imprisonment, and the jury is so instructed prior to beginning its deliberations. This article reports the results of a survey that sheds light on the effects that death-and life-qualification may have on “crime control” and “due process” attitudes represented on New York capital juries, and on the demographic attributes of jury members. Information also is presented about whether potential jurors would be induced by the law's sentencing options to switch their votes in order to avoid a nonunanimous penalty-phase verdict that would result in an offender's receiving a 20 to 25 year to life sentence. The survey results have potentially troubling implications for the administration of New York's death-penalty legislation.
Capital Punishment Resources on the Internet
Authors: Blankenship Michael B.
Published: July 2017

To say that the Internet has impacted pedagogy is probably the understatement of the millennium. The professoriate is now faced with the additional challenges of mastering the Internet and concomitant technology while taking advantage of this vast information domain by incorporating its components in the classroom. My own experience with using the Internet to facilitate learning in a death penalty seminar underscores the problems of enticing students to go beyond classroom discussions and assigned readings while keeping pace with technological changes and their impact on pedagogy.

In the following sections, a number of capital punishment Internet sites are listed along with brief discussions of the content and their possible utility in the classroom. This list is by no means exhaustive, but is intended to assist anyone with an interest in capital punishment in minimizing their time spent searching the Web.
Utilities and Economic Development
Authors: Bartsch Charles , DeVaul Diane
Published: July 2017

Wide-ranging benefits can be gained from utilities and manufacturers working together. In fact, a growing number of utilities have increased the competitiveness of their industrial customers by helping local firms assess their operations and purchase more energy-efficient and technologically advanced equipment. Many manufacturers need technical and financial assistance to maintain acceptable levels of productivity. Unfortunately, the combined resources of state and federal industrial extension programs reach fewer than 2% of the small manufacturing firms each year. Additional partners are needed to increase service delivery efforts. Utilities are in a good position to help bridge this gap by encouraging production-process efficiency. Fortuitously, a partnership with manufacturers also allows a utility to better manage its electricity demand and to maintain its industrial base.
The Value of Benefits of a Public Street Market: The Case of Maxwell Street
Authors: Morales Alfonso , Balkin Steven , Persky Joseph
Published: July 2017

EDQ introduces a new format to the Forum section in this issue. Periodically an article is submitted to us that raises important policy or methodological issues that have generated sharp responses from external reviewers. We believe that the debate that has taken place between the authors and reviewers is of such importance that we have then solicited people to comment on the article. Controversy on Maxwell Street raises the issue of the marriage of anthropologic and economic techniques in economic development analysis. We hope that you find this debate as stimulating as we did. Controversy on Maxwell Street began when Morales, Balkin, and Persky submitted their article, “The Value of Benefits of a Public Street Market: The Case of Maxwell Street.” We then requested that Rhoda H. Halperin and Wim Wiewel respond. Following their responses is a rejoinder by the authors.

Chicago's Maxwell Street Market was among the oldest open-air public markets in the United States. The market was closed in August 1994 and a smaller alternative market was opened on Canal Street. This article estimates monetary losses resulting from the closure of the market. First, the authors briefly discuss the markets history, followed by a review of the literature on the informal economy. The problem of quantifying the value of street vending is addressed by combining ethnographic and economic analytical methods. Ethnography is introduced in the article's third section. The authors demonstrate the usefulness of merging ethnographic and economic analysis by estimating monetary losses to vendors and consumers as a result of changes in the market's governance and location.
Response: The Use of Economic Anthropology in Economic Development
Authors: Halperin Rhoda H.
Published: July 2017

The author comments on the use of anthropological methodologies in economic development research and practice in a developed economy such as the United States. The focus is the article by Morales, Balkin, and Persky on the closing of Chicago's Maxwell Street Market in August 1994. The article focuses on monetary losses for both buyers (consumers of market goods) and sellers (vendors of those goods) resulting from the closing of the market. Also included are a brief history of the market and a review of the literature on the informal economy. The authors measure “the value of street vending” by combining ethnographic and economic analytical methods.
Public Infrastructure and State Economic Development
Authors: Krol Robert
Published: July 2017

The effect of public infrastructure on long-run economic performance has been actively debated in the academic literature and public policy circles. A comparison of the divergent results in this literature is difficult because studies use different data, production functions, and statistical procedures. A major point of contention is that the studies most favorable toward infrastructure investment ignore differences in state production functions. This study attempts to clarify the literature by using Munnell's original data, but also using estimation techniques that control for cross-state differences in production functions. The results confirm that the strong original findings were derived from poor estimation techniques.
Learning Disability and Career Entry into the Sciences: A Critical Analysis of Attitudinal Factors
Authors: Alston Reginald J. , Bell Tyronn J. , Hampton Joseph L.
Published: July 2017

The present study examined the perceptions of 140 parents and 323 teachers regarding career entry into science and engineering for students with learning disabilities. Parents' and teachers' perceptions were assessed on the following eight variables: (a) facility access, (b) expense of accommodations, (c) role models, (d) teacher understanding of students' academic needs, (e) length of learning time, (f) student aptitude and educational preparation, (g) career guidance, and (h) employer attitudes. Results revealed that parents, significantly more than teachers, feel that teachers do not make the necessary effort to accommodate students with learning disabilities and that employers in the science and engineering fields are reluctant to hire persons with learning disabilities. Implications of the results for rehabilitation counselors working with learning disabled students interested in science and engineering are offered.
University industry development
Authors: Marchello Joseph M.
Published: July 2017

The historical context for interaction between the university and the industrial community rests on the transfer of knowledge and technologies from the campus into the world at large. Spurred by increased regional and national competition, government, education and industry are making renewed efforts to utilize the innovation cycle and regional development methods to employ technology for economic growth. The results in many sectors of the USA have been impressive and serve as a guide for future endeavours.
IHE links: The need for institution – specific approaches
Authors: Segal N. S.
Published: July 2017

There is now a wide acceptance of the need for links between industry and higher education. One purpose of this paper is to explore these links from the viewpoint of the HEI; the other is to consider the diversity of HEIs and the implications of this for their industrial linkage policies.
Intellectual property rights and the transfer of technology from university to industry
Authors: Comerford K. A.
Published: July 2017

Historically universities have seen themselves entirely as teaching organizations. They have seen their income coming from students’ fees, assisted by grants from government. These traditional sources of income are now under pressure and all colleges are looking for ways to exploit the valuable resources they have built up. Colleges are increasingly turning to contract research, campus companies and licensing of technology for extra sources of income. Since colleges are basically not in the business of manufacturing, the main method through which they must exploit their technology is by licensing; but licensing cannot effectively be carried out without protection. This article discusses such forms of protection and the safeguards which must be taken to make sure that commercial exploitation will actually take place.
The televersity
Authors: Martin Thomas L.
Published: July 2017

Advances in information technology are providing new tools for educators in developing cost-effective responses to the new needs of potential students. A televersity, the university of the future, uses information networks — with oneway and conferencing facilities — to deliver individualized education. It will mean increased access to a university education for many who were previously excluded because of time constraints, physical handicap or location problems, and increased educational quality through a personal programme, self-pacing, greater availability of experts and use of expensive centralized resources. The accelerating advances in knowledge transmission have become increasingly effective so that traditional processes may no longer be appropriate.
Industrial collaboration in the UK non-university sector
Authors: Wylie J.A. , Young A.
Published: July 2017

Industrial liaison activities by non-university HEIs are of value for their input to teaching and also in their own right. This article outlines the organization of non-university higher education in the UK, examines the sort of industrial liaison activities they should undertake and discusses the balance that should be maintained between teaching and non-teaching activities.
Virginia Center for World Trade
Authors: Marchello Joseph M.
Published: July 2017

Virginia has begun a programme to establish itself as a leader in the international trade and development field. One of the components of this programme is the Virginia Center for World Trade. In fulfilling its mission of nurturing the growth of foreign commerce, the Center provides education and applied research to the international trade community throughout the Commonwealth.
Tepco's educational institute
Authors: Shoji Nobuyuki
Published: July 2017

The Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc (TEPCO) has established a comprehensive and forward-looking training programme to fully exploit the resources of its personnel. In this it aims not only to develop technical and managerial skills in its employees but also to generally widen their intellectual horizons. TEPCO sees a social role in its electric business and aims to develop the creativity and personal qualities of its staff, to secure the future of the corporation and to guarantee a motivated workforce.
Target
Authors: Petts Roger
Published: July 2017

Skills shortage has been a growing problem in Britain and the European Community for some considerable time. As evidence of this, research in the Thames Valley region of Britain (the counties of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire — ‘Silicon Valley’) has shown that in certain cases up to 80 per cent of firms in this area experience difficulty in recruiting skilled staff. The staff shortages range across the skills spectrum and, particularly in small and medium-sized firms, are a major inhibiting factor in companies’ ability to release their workforce for any period of training and retraining.
Towards a New Quality of Professional Training
Authors: Groshev V.P.
Published: July 2017

This article by the Rector of the Plekhanov Institute for the National Economy in Moscow examines the need for widespread economic reform in the USSR as the way to renovate society and bring progress. Part of this process is to develop a sound policy towards education and professional training which will encompass new methods of funding, new ways of thinking, and the development of new subjects to teach that will encourage innovativeness and competition.
Partnerships for Progress
Authors: Robinson Donald W. , Granger Charles R. , Holt Barbara T. , Trojcak Doris A. , George Rickey
Published: July 2017

The University of Missouri–St Louis Partnerships for Progress, Project Compete partnership programme was initiated in 1986 between the University and the St Louis School District, stimulated by a large grant from one major St Louis-based international corporation. Initially, the project involved only one major programme element, known as the ‘Bridge’ programme, which operated in two St Louis city high schools (grades 9–12). A second programme for high-school youth – the Engelmann Institute – was added in 1987, and a third programme, Access to Success, was added in 1988 to extend the programme to the middle school (grades 6–8). Each programme is discussed in this article, as are the lessons learned from Project Compete and its potential for future development.
Technology Transfer between Industry and Higher Education
Authors: Connor S. , Farmer J. , Wylie J. , Young A.
Published: July 2017

This article is concerned with a technology transfer system – the Teaching Company Scheme – which has been operating for some years in the UK. The Scheme is intended to foster a two-way flow of advanced technology between higher education and industry. The authors report on a number of case studies of Teaching Company Programmes and draw conclusions about the effectiveness of the Scheme. A complimentary article on the Teaching Company Scheme was published in the March issue of Industry and Higher Education, focusing on the Scheme in the context of organizational learning (Christine Tiler and Michael Gibbons, ‘A case study of organizational learning: The UK Teaching Company Scheme’, Industry and Higher Education, Vol 5, No 1, 1991, pp 47–55).
New Partnerships at MIT
Authors: Moebus Thomas R.
Published: July 2017

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology has a long history of innovation in its relationships with industry. The form and function of its Industrial Liaison Program were reported in an earlier issue of Industry and Higher Education. This article explores why companies build relationships with universities, and how they value these programmes and activities. The author also describes two important programmes underway at MIT to craft new partnerships with US industry.
Training by Satellite
Authors: de Freitas Miguel Antonio , Fernandes Antonio S.C.
Published: July 2017

Within the EC DELTA programme (Developing European Learning Through Technological Advance), Action Line V was dedicated to projects analysing and promoting favourable conditions for the development of advanced learning technologies. From 1989 to 1991 PRO-DELTA (Portuguese Research On DELTA) studied current and future conditions, in a peripheral country, for the diffusion of a high-technology satellite distribution system for professional training. This article analyses three aspects of implementing and diffusing the system, and is based on FUNDETEC's experience with EuroPACE, of which it is a founding member. The authors discuss: the preferences of Portuguese small and medium-sized enterprises in relation to the use of satellite-based training; the current method of diffusing the system; and the costs and viability of different options for the reception and diffusion of satellite-based courses.
The University as Entrepreneur
Authors: Bagalay John E.
Published: July 2017

Boston University has a successful record of investing in high-technology companies. These investments are carried out through the university's wholly owned venture capital fund. One of Boston University's most important investments has been in Seragen, Inc, a biotechnology company. Seragen's activities and its recent public offering of shares are described. Finally, the article sets Boston University's entrepreneurial activities in the context of the debate about the morality of universities commercializing their research.
Cooperation between Business and Higher Education in Poland
Authors: Dietrich Marek , Kurzydlowski Krzysztof J.
Published: July 2017

This article looks at recent HE–industry links in Poland, paying particular attention to the Enterprise Development Center at Warsaw University of Technology, which has been established to foster links between entrepreneurs and academic research. The article also describes the recent initiative to form a Polish Industry–Universities Forum, developed through cooperation with the US Business Higher Education Forum.
Technology Transfer Licensing
Authors: Gering Th. , Schmied H.
Published: July 2017

The article begins by describing the components of a network of organizations involved in technology transfer in Technology Region Karlsruhe. The results of an international comparison carried out by University of Karlsruhe's Industrial Liaison Office into technology licensing in Germany, France, the UK and the USA are examined. It is concluded that, on the available evidence, European technology licensing offices perform no differently from their older US counterparts. The article does however point out a number of problems facing Europe, one of which is the non-exclusive licensing required by most government-sponsored research.
An Entrepreneurial Approach to Extending University Resources
Authors: LaGarce Melinda , Brown F. Dale
Published: July 2017

In times of economic crisis universities must become more aware of the opportunity to use in-house resources to generate more revenue. Universities must become more entrepreneurial in their approach to employing the productive labour of academic units. Implementation of the Americans with Disabilities Act offers an opportunity for US universities to provide commercial consultancy to owners of public and commercial facilities regarding implications of compliance with this new piece of legislation.
Public Biotech Companies
Authors: Lefkoff Kyle , Gander Todd
Published: July 2017

The large number of recent public offerings in the USA for spin-off biotechnology companies has prompted debate about whether universities should take a royalty interest in these firms or whether they should own equity in the companies. Based on an analysis of 97 public offerings, the authors argue that universities would be financially better off holding equity (at least in the early stages of a company's life) than in pursuing the more usual royalty agreements.
A New Relationship between Higher Education and Business in Poland
Authors: Dietrich Marek , Kurzydlowski Krzysztof J.
Published: July 2017

This article is a follow-on discussion to the September 1992 Industry and Higher Education article on ‘Cooperation between business and higher education in Poland’ which described the establishment of the Enterprise Development Center at Warsaw University of Technology (a business incubator) to foster links between the university and businesses and help to develop commercial applications of university-originated technology. The previous article also described plans to establish a non-profit university–industry association in Poland to promote relations between the two communities. Here, the authors discuss the activities of the now established Polish Higher Education-Business Forum, and technology commercialization in Poland and at Warsaw University of Technology.
Academic Entrepreneurs
Authors: Weatherston Jamie
Published: July 2017

This article tries to identify the particular characteristics of academics who form spin-off companies, with a view to making recommendations to improve the environment for such entrepreneurial activities. The original research on which the article is based was carried out in the UK, but constant reference is made to other studies (from the USA and Canada in particular) in order to make the article's conclusions generally applicable.
Networking in European Education and Training
Authors: Sola Pier Giacomo
Published: July 2017

The Commission of the European Communities promotes, largely through its COMETT Programme (Community Education and Training in Technology), the establishment of partnerships between universities and enterprises in the field of education and training. The author discusses the achievements of such partnerships, and highlights some of the common problems they face, in the context of the activities of one such organization–Amitié, the Association for Managerial and Vocational Training in Software and Information Technologies in Europe.
Is Collaboration Good for Innovation?
Authors: Macdonald Stuart
Published: July 2017

Collaborative agreements intended to facilitate innovation through the acquisition of technological information may have just the opposite effect. While collaboration may increase the ability of firms to innovate, its impact on competition may reduce the incentive. The considerable and inescapable transactions costs of collaboration may also exact their toll on innovation. This paper expresses even more fundamental reservations. Innovation requires information, and firms in competition receive much of this information through informal networks. If information flow through these networks is disrupted by collaborative agreements, then the ability of both collaborating firms and non-collaborating firms to innovate and to compete may be seriously impaired. While the more obvious costs of collaboration have an immediate impact, costs in terms of reduced rate and degree of innovation will not be apparent for some years.
Special Focus: Lifelong Learning — The Challenge and Potential for Industry and Higher Education
Authors: Longworth Norman
Published: July 2017

The papers which follow in this special focus on lifelong learning are based on presentations at the First Global Conference on Lifelong Learning, held in Rome on 30 November–2 December 1994. In this introductory paper, Norman Longworth discusses the concept, definition and practice of lifelong learning and assesses why its importance and significance for the future are increasingly appreciated and stressed. He also sets out and discusses the main themes of the Rome conference, and analyses their implications and challenges specifically for business and higher education. Finally he describes the roles of the European Lifelong Learning Initiative (ELU), which organized the Rome conference, and the World Initiative on Lifelong Learning (WILL), which was established at the conference.
Long-Term Support for High-Volume Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Wilcock Dennis , Terry Brian
Published: July 2017

Manufacturing industry producing high-value products of high quality with short lead times is vital to sustain Western economies. With such a variety of industry in any sophisticated economy, ascertaining its needs and subsequently satisfying them is a difficult task. The authors present a unique partnership venture between industry, government and the University of Sunderland to assist UK industry compete successfully in the 21st century. The Centre for Achievement in Manufacturing and Management (CAMM) will undertake ‘holistic approaches to manufacturing in which the integration of efficiency with high-quality life is fundamental to the successful achievement of a profitable and sustainable competitive advantage’ to serve the needs of the partners. The authors describe the industrial background of the North East of England, how the needs of the present and future industries have been met, and how CAMM is responding to those needs.
Evolving Role of Private Sector TVET
Authors: Imrie Bradford W.
Published: July 2017

Competency-based technical and vocational education and training (TVET) is described and the role of the private sector outlined. The changing role of the private sector in different socio-economic contexts is stressed. The article points to the need for a national policy which integrates public and private initiatives. Finally an agenda for action for TVET in the 21st century is proposed.
From Knowledge Flows to the Triple Helix
Authors: Etzkowitz Henry
Published: July 2017

The ‘triple helix’ model of university–industry–government interaction is explained and distinguished from the ‘knowledge flows' model. The ‘second academic revolution’ in the USA and the internal transformation of the university are then described and the paper cites MIT as an example of how bilateral relations with industry have led to the rise of entrepreneurial science. Finally the article describes the organizational changes being made at universities to accommodate academia ‘s new role.
Management Theory and Technology Reality
Authors: Tschirky Hugo
Published: July 2017

The omnipresence of technology will continue to challenge industrial and societal development into the next century. In the conviction that a technical university must take responsibility not only for technology research but also for its management, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology has, since the 1980s, been extending its activities to take this challenge into account. As a first step in this process, the discipline of Technology Management, directed towards graduate students, has been established within the Department of Industrial and Production Management. Its research focuses on the development of concepts and methods for integrating technology issues into modern concepts of general management. Working closely with industry, its research programme aims to close the existing gap between ‘technology reality’ and current concepts of company management, which still lack an adequate technology orientation. A second step focuses on management executive development in the ‘Leadership competences programme’. The third step consists of coordinating all Technology Management activities of the two Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology under the umbrella of the newly-created Centre for Technology and Management.
A ‘Corporate Technology Stock’ Model
Authors: Kameoka Akio
Published: July 2017

A concept of ‘corporate technology stock’ (CTS), facilitates understanding of the corporate technological process. A model based on ‘depreciation’ has led to a new formula for determining appropriate corporate investments on research and technology development (RTD), and simulations have revealed the model accords satisfactorily with experience in industry. The model was extended to define corporate RTD productivity, in terms of ‘knowledge productivity’ to clarify the performance of knowledge-based activities. A key factor for collaboration is to activate knowledge exchanges among researchers and engineers. The paper concludes that a sophisticated technology market infrastructure established by introducing new market mechanisms greatly contributes to RTD collaborations.
The University Center for Training and Development
Authors: Mussnug Kenneth J. , Hughey Aaron W.
Published: July 2017

Training which is available through higher education, when carefully planned and systematically implemented, can help companies remain competitive in today's highly volatile global marketplace. In order to meet the training needs of companies more effectively within their service area, many US colleges and universities have established Centers for Training and Development. The Center typically draws upon the expertise of faculty to provide business and industry with intensive training programmes in a variety of areas relevant to their operations. Training provided by the Center includes both short-term, customized instruction on a specific topic as well as long-term, comprehensive programmes which cover a variety of areas related to the manufacturing process. While the Center offers tremendous benefits for both business and academe, it can also precipitate significant challenges. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages associated with establishing a Center for Training and Development. Included are various public relations concerns, key faculty/trainer considerations including selection procedures and issues related to time and money, and the cultural differences that exist between the corporate sector and higher education. Recommendations are presented for maximizing the effectiveness of the Center for both the institution and the companies it serves.