bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban Morphological Change Analysis of Dhaka City, Bangladesh, Using Space Syntax
Authors: Ahmed Bayes , Hasan Rakibul , Maniruzzaman K. M.
Published: December 2014

This article is based on a study of the morphological changes of Dhaka City, the capital of Bangladesh. The main objective of the research is to study the transformation of urban morphology in Dhaka City from 1947 to 2007. Three sample wards (18, 19 and 72) of Dhaka City Corporation are strategically selected as the study areas. Ward 72 has an indigenous type of organic settlement, whereas ward 19 is a planned area, and ward 18 represents a mixed (both planned and informal) type of settlement. In this research, the transformation of urban settlement pattern is examined through space syntax. The results show that the organic settlements (ward 72) are highly integrated both in terms of the local and global syntactic measures (lowest standard deviation for local and global integration, with the highest intelligibility values), and are more connectivity. The scenario is opposite in the case of planned settlements. The characteristics of mixed areas (ward 18) lie in between the organic and planned settlements. Therefore, in summary, it can be stated that the integration, connectivity and intelligibility measures of Dhaka City are found to be high, medium and low for the indigenous, mixed and planned settlement types; respectively.
Biocompatibility of Advanced Manufactured Titanium Implants—A Review
Authors: Sidambe Alfred
Published: December 2014

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys may be processed via advanced powder manufacturing routes such as additive layer manufacturing (or 3D printing) or metal injection moulding. This field is receiving increased attention from various manufacturing sectors including the medical devices sector. It is possible that advanced manufacturing techniques could replace the machining or casting of metal alloys in the manufacture of devices because of associated advantages that include design flexibility, reduced processing costs, reduced waste, and the opportunity to more easily manufacture complex or custom-shaped implants. The emerging advanced manufacturing approaches of metal injection moulding and additive layer manufacturing are receiving particular attention from the implant fabrication industry because they could overcome some of the difficulties associated with traditional implant fabrication techniques such as titanium casting. Using advanced manufacturing, it is also possible to produce more complex porous structures with improved mechanical performance, potentially matching the modulus of elasticity of local bone. While the economic and engineering potential of advanced manufacturing for the manufacture of musculo-skeletal implants is therefore clear, the impact on the biocompatibility of the materials has been less investigated. In this review, the capabilities of advanced powder manufacturing routes in producing components that are suitable for biomedical implant applications are assessed with emphasis placed on surface finishes and porous structures. Given that biocompatibility and host bone response are critical determinants of clinical performance, published studies of in vitro and in vivo research have been considered carefully. The review concludes with a future outlook on advanced Ti production for biomedical implants using powder metallurgy.
A Conjecture of Han on 3-Cores and Modular Forms
Authors: Clemm Amanda
Published: December 2014

In his study of Nekrasov–Okounkov type formulas on “partition theoretic” expressions for families of infinite products, Han discovered seemingly unrelated q-series that are supported on precisely the same terms as these infinite products. In collaboration with Ono, Han proved one instance of this occurrence that exhibited a relation between the numbers a(n) that are given in terms of hook lengths of partitions, with the numbers b(n) that equal the number of 3-core partitions of n. Recently Han revisited the q-series with coefficients a(n) and b(n), and numerically found a third q-series whose coefficients appear to be supported on the same terms. Here we prove Han’s conjecture about this third series by proving a general theorem about this phenomenon.
Observations sur le colloque de l'A.G.F. du 5 mai 1979 : Variations climatiques et géomorphologie sur la bordure nord du Sahara (Palaeoclimatology of North Africa)
Authors: Rondeau André
Published: December 2014

In Northwestern Africa and many other countries gullying is the fact of warm an wet climates during interglacial or interstadial periods but « cryergie » and crusts were performed during dry and cold climates. This is in accordance with geomorphology, radio chronology and position of polar front of waters in Atlantic Ocean, well different of atmospheric polar front
Variabilité des températures hivernales et circulation atmosphérique dans l'Arctique européen (Winter Temperatures in Arctic Europe)
Authors: Kergomard Claude
Published: December 2014

Les climats de type polaire océanique de l'Arctique Européen (Spitsberg, Ile aux Ours) se caractérisent par une variabilité extrême des températures hivernales. Cette étude souligne le lien très étroit qui unit, en cette saison, les températures et les types de circulation atmosphérique, ou /'or/g/ne des masses d'air.
Géographie historique des sociétés autochtones du Mackenzie au contact des Occidentaux (History of the Mackenzie Eskimos)
Authors: Flouquet Anne
Published: December 2014

L'évolution des caractéristiques culturelles d'une société de chasseurs arctiques adaptée à un environnement physique contraignant lors de ses contacts avec l'Occident et ses valeurs nouvelles : un fait géographique autant qu'historique.
Marché et marchandage à Saïgon (Gaming and bargaining in a Saigon market)
Authors: Balaize Claude
Published: December 2014

Abstract. - Gaming and bargaining are still alive in this example of a Saïgon market, despite the socialist system.
Florès et les «Petites îles de la Sonde» (The little Sunda islands)
Authors: Monition L.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. - Water and geothermal resources of the Flores Island (Little Sunda Islands) : Vulcanicity and seismicity.
Croissance industrielle et extension urbaine (Growth of industry and urban extension)
Authors: Fouet Robert
Published: December 2014

Résumé. - Les relations entre la croissance de l'industrie et l'extension en surfaces des villes (dans un même territoire) sont encore mal connues. Quelques aspects de ces relations, replacés dans une problématique plus générale, sont envisagés ici.
Le bassin de main-d'œuvre des grandes unités de production industrielle: évolution récente (Labour market areas of large industrial production plants)
Authors: Malézieux Jacques
Published: December 2014

Abstract. - The study of the labour market areas of large industrial production plants gives a clear knowledge of the recent changes affecting the relation between employment and residence, a relation which has a great influence in the general industrialization-urbanization process. - During the high growth rate period, many factors have strengthened the extension and structural dispersion of labour market areas, in contrary to former trends which were more favourable to concentration in both industrial and urban growth. Economic recession and a voluntary reaction against too a great diffusion, participating in urban crisis, interfere since a short time to put-on-the-brakes a movement whose implications are decisive in the organization of social space.
La dépendance de l'industrie nivernaise (Dependance of the Nivernais industry)
Authors: Charrier Jean-Bernard
Published: December 2014

La plupart des sièges sociaux de l'industrie nivernaise se trouvent en région parisienne. Même observation quant à l'origine des capitaux. Il en résulte une grande dépendance administrative et technologique et, inversement, une banalisation des productions.
Qu'est-ce que l'« endodynamique» ?(Endodynamics ?)
Authors: Demangeot Jean
Published: December 2014

L'A. propose d'appeler «endodynamique » l'ensemble des forces d'origine interne (détente des roches, secousses sismiques) susceptibles de fragmenter la roche des versants. Accumulés à l'aval, ces fragments peuvent être confondus avec des gélifracts par exemple.
Creusement des vallées et néofracturation des roches compactes(Digging up of valleys and slope cracking)
Authors: Birot Pierre
Published: December 2014

As dimostrated by calculation and trials on samples, digging out a valley release decompression strains at the slope basis when dislevel oversteps 500 m. But many riddles do persist in actual nature.
Rôle de la fragmentation tectonique et de la décompression en Vanoise(Tectonic breaking up and post-glacial unloading in the Alps of Vanoise)
Authors: Kaiser Brigitte
Published: December 2014

L'auteur rappelle l'extension considérable, et la diversité, des pierriers dans le massif de la Vanoise, et discute du rôle possible de facteurs «internes » dans leur genèse : 1 ) La décompression et la rupture de la roche sur les parois récemment désenglacées ; 2) L'ouverture de fractures tectoniques anciennes, non recristallisées ; 3) L'activité séismo-tectonique post-glaciaire.
Les explosions de Santorin, Grèce, et la disparition de la civilisation minoenne(On a major period of volvanicc remission between the minoan remains and the outburst of the Santorini volcano(Greece))
Authors: Pomel René-Simon
Published: December 2014

La disparition de la civilisation minoenne en Crète et dans les îles de la mer Egée a été interprétée comme le résultat de l'explosion du volcan de Santorin (Théra). Cependant, des coupes à la base du nouveau port d'Athinios, sur la côte Sud-Ouest de Théra, ont mis à jour des vestiges qui attestent la destruction des villes par tremblements de terre, et le soulèvement postérieur de l'appareil volcanique. Un important arrêt de l'activité a duré plusieurs siècles, et a été suivi d'un effondrement de l'appareil volcanique et d'un épisode de remaniement marin, avant que ne commencent les paroxysmes ponceux terminaux. L'ensemble s'est étalé sur plus de huit siècles, en plusieurs phases.
First chemoenzymatic stereodivergent synthesis of both enantiomers of promethazine and ethopropazine
Authors: Borowiecki Paweł , Paprocki Daniel , Dranka Maciej
Published: December 2014

Enantioenriched promethazine and ethopropazine were synthesized through a simple and straightforward four-step chemoenzymatic route. The central chiral building block, 1-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propan-2-ol, was obtained via a lipase-mediated kinetic resolution protocol, which furnished both enantiomeric forms, with superb enantioselectivity (up to E = 844), from the racemate. Novozym 435 and Lipozyme TL IM have been found as ideal biocatalysts for preparation of highly enantioenriched phenothiazolic alcohols (up to >99% ee), which absolute configurations were assigned by Mosher’s methodology and unambiguously confirmed by XRD analysis. Thus obtained key-intermediates were further transformed into bromide derivatives by means of PBr3, and subsequently reacted with appropriate amine providing desired pharmacologically valuable (R)- and (S)-stereoisomers of title drugs in an ee range of 84–98%, respectively. The modular amination procedure is based on a solvent-dependent stereodivergent transformation of the bromo derivative, which conducted in toluene gives mainly the product of single inversion, whereas carried out in methanol it provides exclusively the product of net retention. Enantiomeric excess of optically active promethazine and ethopropazine were established by HPLC measurements with chiral columns.
Managing Complex Multi-Case Study Evaluations: Communities Putting Prevention to Work
Authors:   RTI International, Kane Heather , Hinnant Laurie , Roussel Amy , Tzeng Janice , Council Mary
Published: December 2014

Between 2010 and 2012, as part of the Communities Putting Prevention to Work (CPPW) initiative, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded 50 states, six US territories, and 50 communities to support high-impact, evidence-based, population-wide strategies to create healthy environments for their residents. CPPW is a locally driven initiative with a primary focus on prevention and control of tobacco use and obesity. As part of this initiative, CDC also funded an implementation evaluation to describe and understand how evidence-based, community-level improvements are applied in the field and contribute to improvements in health. We conducted this evaluation using multi-case study methods that best captured the local context and implementation processes. Large, cross-case evaluations present challenges that single or small multi-case evaluations do not. These challenges include creating flexible, but standard data collection instruments; ensuring the feasibility and utility of instruments and processes through pilot testing; promoting consistent data collection and quality; and managing a large qualitative data set and coding team. In this report, we document some strategies regarding data collection, management, and analysis that should be beneficial to other organizations supporting public health initiatives and to investigators in designing the strongest possible evaluations using large multi-case design.
Transition démocratique et culture en Méditerranée
Authors: Moustier Emmanuelle , Soldo Edina
Published: December 2014

Dans le contexte post-révolution des sociétés du sud de la Méditerranée, il apparaît essentiel de questionner la notion de démocratie et les conditions d’émergence d’une société démocratique. Il apparaît alors que la démocratie ne peut être conçue comme un « état » définitif, propre à un régime politique spécifique, mais bien pensée comme un « processus culturel » à réinterroger en permanence (Partie 1). Dès lors, lorsque l’on analyse les transformations profondes que connaissent les sociétés du sud de la Méditerranée, des trajectoires se dessinent, dont émergent plusieurs marqueurs forts d’une transition démocratique. Si certains de ces marqueurs étaient déjà perceptibles avant les insurrections, d’autres ont été clairement révélés par ces mouvements. Les activités artistiques ou culturelles, au cour des processus de structuration sociétale apparaissent alors comme des vecteurs essentiels qu’il convient de soutenir (Partie 2).
Quelle stratégie américaine dans un monde arabe changeant : New deal ou continuité ?
Authors: Ben Lamma Mohammed Faraj
Published: December 2014

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide, les États-Unis sont devenus sans conteste les grands maîtres du jeu dans l’espace Méditerranée-Moyen-Orient. Sur ce théâtre, l’intérêt stratégique américain s’articule autour d’une triade : maintenir les intérêts économiques garantir la sécurité d’Israël en maintenant sa supériorité militaire, combattre contre les viviers du terrorisme ou d’éventuelles interventions militaires au Moyen-Orient pour assurer la sécurité des monarchies arabes du Golfe. Les changements politiques qui ont bouleversé le monde arabe en 2011 et 2012 ont aussi transformé la politique étrangère des états investis dans la région. Washington semble vouloir saisir l’opportunité des révoltes arabes pour peser et influer sur cette région stratégique, une fois les nouvelles élites, notamment islamistes, arrivées au pouvoir.
Le tournant libidinal du capitalisme
Authors: Dufour Dany-Robert
Published: December 2014

Ce texte propose de développer l’hypothèse suivante : la crise de 1929 a été l’occasion d’une reconfiguration complète du capitalisme, laquelle a permis, à terme, l’invention d’un nouveau modèle communément appelé « société de consommation ». Nous sommes alors passés d’un capitalisme essentiellement de production à un capitalisme faisant la part belle à la consommation, d’un capitalisme répressif à un capitalisme libidinal. Dans cette perspective, la crise commencée en 2008 correspond à une mise en crise de ce modèle consommatoire. Voire à une fin de cycle.
La consommation et la radicalisation de la culture moderne de l'authenticité et de l'expressivité
Authors: Taylor Charles
Published: December 2014

Dans cet extrait de son livre La Diversité de l’expérience religieuse aujourd’hui , publié en français en 2003, Taylor décrit comment l’essor de la consommation, dans la deuxième moitié du XX e siècle, a été permis par sa syntonie avec la culture moderne de l’authenticité et de l’expressivité développée dans le romantisme en la massifiant au-delà de l’élite bourgeoise, en rapport avec le développement des moyens de communication et d’une culture spécifiquement jeune. Si la consommation a pu devenir un phénomène aussi important aujourd’hui, c’est parce que les biens et les services ont servi de moyens d’expression pour cette culture de l’authenticité dans laquelle chacun doit réaliser sa propre humanité et la faire reconnaître.
L'innocence du paraître
Authors: Raynal Henri
Published: December 2014

Taxé de frivolité, de superficialité, le vêtement est le mal-aimé de la morale et de la réflexion philosophique. Au cœur pourtant de l’acte poétique qui consiste à composer l’aspect de soi, se cache un remerciement à la vie, un mouvement désintéressé.
La consommation en clé de don : état des lieux rétrospectif et prospectif
Authors: Cova Bernard , Rémy Éric
Published: December 2014

La consommation fait l’objet aujourd’hui de l’attention des sciences humaines, de l’anthropologie à la sociologie. Pourtant, il n’en a pas toujours été ainsi. Cet article fait le point sur les travaux concernant la consommation publiés dans diverses disciplines durant les trente dernières années et insiste plus particulièrement sur les apports du courant dit de la Consumer Research . Ce courant issu des sciences de gestion a abordé la consommation selon des angles multiples, dont celui du don. L’article analyse la place du don dans la consommation et développe l’idée du don symbolique des marques.
La simulation de la consommation par la production : le cas des jeans « déjà portés »
Authors: Miller Daniel
Published: December 2014

La plupart des personnes pensent que la technique correspond à ce qui vient en amont du produit. Dans ce bref article, Daniel Miller s’intéresse plutôt au cas où l’ordre de la séquence est renversé et où le produit précède, ou initie, en quelque sorte, la technique. L’auteur décrit les techniques d’usure artificielle des blue-jeans : une technique qui vise à copier les effets du port des blue-jeans. Il aborde ainsi la consommation comme une forme de production ou de technologie et la production comme une simple conséquence de la consommation.
L'approche psychanalytique de l'observation du bébé dans sa famille, quel apport pour le groupe ?
Authors: Mellier Denis
Published: December 2014

L’auteur montre comment l’observation du bébé dans sa famille selon la méthode d’Esther Bick est un apport pour la psychanalyse groupale. Il indique d’abord comment les observations sont distinguées pour situer cette démarche du côté d’un processus subjectivant et rappelle l’intérêt de l’observation en clinique institutionnelle. Il présente ensuite cette formation analytique qui répond à la nouvelle conception de M. Klein sur l’origine du transfert, celle des premières relations objectales infantiles. Les différents temps constitutifs de cette méthode, celui de l’écriture de l’observation après-coup et celui du travail associatif des points de vue en séminaire, sont ainsi au service du positionnement que l’observateur doit réaliser au domicile d’une famille où un bébé vient de naître. Il illustre enfin les difficultés de contenance de l’observateur, et du travail du séminaire, avec quelques extraits de situations qui induisent de forts clivages émotionnels.
Effects of the probiotic Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 on selected lactic acid bacteria and enterobacteria in co-culture
Authors: Starke I.C. , Zentek J. , Vahjen W.
Published: December 2014

Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 is used as a probiotic for piglets and has been shown to modify the porcine intestinal microbiota. However, the mode of action of this probiotic modification is still unclear. One possible explanation is the direct growth inhibiting or stimulating effect of the probiotic on other indigenous bacteria. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the growth interactions of the probiotic with different indigenous porcine bacteria in vitro. Reference strains were cultivated with the probiotic E. faecium strain NCIMB10415 (SF68) in a checkerboard assay with 102 to 105 cells/ml inoculum per strain. Growth kinetics were recorded for 8 h and used to determine specific growth of the co-cultures. Additionally, total DNA was extracted from the co-cultures at the end of the incubation to verify which strain in the co-culture was affected. Co-cultivation with eight Enterococcus spp. tester strains showed strain-specific growth differences. Three of four E. faecium strains were not influenced by the probiotic strain. PCR results showed reduced growth of the probiotic strain in co-culture with E. faecium DSM 6177. Three of four Enterococcus faecalis strains showed reduced specific growth in co-culture with the probiotic strain. However, E. faecalis DSM 20478 impaired growth of the probiotic E. faecium strain. The growth of Lactobacillus johnsonii DSM 10533 and Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016 was enhanced in co-culture with the probiotic strain, but co-cultivations with Lactobacillus mucosae DSM13345 or Lactobacillus amylovorus DSM10533 showed no differences. Co-cultures with the probiotic E. faecium showed no impact on the growth rate of four different enterobacterial reference strains (2 strains of Salmonella enterica and 2 strains of Escherichia coli), but PCR results showed reduced cell numbers for a pathogenic E. coli isolate at higher concentration of the probiotic strain. As the in vitro effect of the probiotic E. faecium on enterococci was strain specific and the growth of certain Lactobacillus spp. was enhanced by the probiotic, these results indicate a direct effect of the probiotic on certain members of the porcine gastro intestinal microbiota.
Changes in dietary preferences: new challenges for sustainability and innovation
Authors: Casini L. , Contini C. , Romano C. , Scozzafava G.
Published: December 2014

The transformations in dietary habits that have occurred over recent decades draw attention to important issues concerning the relationship between lifestyles, diet and health, and open up new challenges for operators in the agricultural and food sector. This study intends to analyse these evolutions, comparing the dietary preferences of generation X in 2001 with its dietary preferences in 2011, and those of the following generation, the so-called generation Y. The analysis was conducted by applying latent class clustering to the food spending of a representative sample of Italian consumers. It has enabled us to identify the prevalent food patterns in 2001 and 2011 and to analyse their transformations, interpreting them in the light of social, cultural and economic changes. The comparison of food pattern characteristics over this period highlights the emergence of trends that move in two different directions. The first of these is the rise of a new dietary sensitivity towards a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables and fish. The other concerns food patterns that are more vulnerable to diseases related to an unhealthy diet. These trends should draw the attention of public operators to the need for communication campaigns that target specific segments and aim to direct food habits towards healthier behaviours. A change in supply could also help improve the diet, especially if aimed at products with a high level of service provision and at establishments that serve food. Finally, the birth of a niche of consumers particularly drawn towards healthy eating opens the way for the industry to propose a series of innovative products.
Three Key Components to Successfully Completing a Nursing Doctoral Program
Authors: Smith Donald G. , Delmore Barbara
Published: December 2014

Using their personal experience, the authors identify three key components to successfully completing a nursing doctoral program. The first component is asking the right questions to determine the doctoral degree best suited for the potential student. The second component is having a strategic plan that includes aspects such as financial considerations (research costs and potential financial support) and the development of a strong support system (specifically study pairs). The third component is the development of a systematic approach to completing the research, writing the dissertation, and completing the oral requirements. Addressing these areas will help students balance the many demands of doctoral study.
A SPINE SURGERY SIMULATOR BASED ON VOLUMETRIC MODELS
Authors: Tsai Ming-Dar , Hsieh Ming-Shium
Published: December 2014

A volume based surgery simulator described herein provides cutting simulations for diverse tools used in spine surgery and morphological simulations of bone reposition, deletion and fusion. A tool coordinate based method is used to obtain constant and simple surface equations for representing the tools. Such representations give efficient computations for cutting surface changes and calculate pre-computed transformations for fast summating the cutting force vectors along the haptic device axes from chip removal loads on a tool surface. This study extends the traditional one-scalar volume with geometric and topologic data. Real-time cutting simulations for predicting tissue surface changes and cutting forces can be achieved by manipulating extended geometric volume data. The manipulation of extended topological volume data can detect new separate bones generated during the cutting simulations and enables morphological simulations of repositioning, deleting or fusing the separate bones. Realistic 3D images with fine tissue surface features obtained from simulating three typical surgeries located on the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine respectively demonstrate that the proposed simulator can be an excellent tool for planning, confirming and rehearsing various complex spine surgeries such as abnormal tissue removal, spine decompression and morphology correction.
AN EFFICIENT SENSITIVITY CALCULATION OF TILTED APERTURES FOR PRECLINICAL MULTI-PINHOLE SPECT
Authors: Huang Po-Chia , Hsieh Ho-Hui , Hsu Ching-Han , Hsiao Ing-Tsung
Published: December 2014

Sensitivity performance is one of the key issues in multi-pinhole collimator design for small animal pinhole Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Currently, there are two approaches in predicting sensitivity performance: analytical formula and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Analytical formula offers fast computation, while MC simulation provides better modeling of various physical effects and generates more accurate sensitivity prediction. Tilted pinhole apertures become popular in modern system design, because they can avoid projection overlapping and increase field-of-view (FOV) compared to traditional multiple pinholes. However, conventional analytical formula for sensitivity prediction cannot be directly applied to tilted apertures. In this research, we present a modified analytical formula to predict the sensitivity performance by considering tilted and translated pinhole apertures in a multi-pinhole collimation design. The modification is based on a construction of a virtual object plane which is parallel to the aperture plane in the tilted pinhole. Since the new formula is derived in the vector domain, it can be readily integrated to computer-aided-design software to greatly simplify the collimator design optimization. The results show that the modified formula generates sensitivity prediction similar to that from the MC simulation for a multi-pinhole system with tilted pinholes. When larger tilted pinholes are used to increase FOV, the formula can also accurately generate sensitivity prediction with a slightly reduced peak value. For a tilted pinhole aperture up to 40°, the simulation results indicate that the conventional analytical formula may overestimate as much as 25% sensitivity.
TIME-FREQUENCY PROCESSING METHOD OF EPILEPTIC EEG SIGNALS
Authors: Bousbia-Salah Assya , Talha-Kedir Malika
Published: December 2014

Wavelet transform decomposition of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals has been widely used for the analysis and detection of epileptic seizure of patients. However, the classification of EEG signals is still challenging because of high nonstationarity and high dimensionality. The aim of this work is an automatic classification of the EEG recordings by using statistical features extraction and support vector machine. From a real database, two sets of EEG signals are used: EEG recorded from a healthy person and from an epileptic person during epileptic seizures. Three important statistical features are computed at different sub-bands discrete wavelet and wavelet packet decomposition of EEG recordings. In this study, to select the best wavelet for our application, five wavelet basis functions are considered for processing EEG signals. After reducing the dimension of the obtained data by linear discriminant analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), feature vectors are used to model and to train the efficient support vector machine classifier. In order to show the efficiency of this approach, the statistical classification performances are evaluated, and a rate of 100% for the best classification accuracy is obtained and is compared with those obtained in other studies for the same dataset. However, this method is not meant to replace the clinician but can assist him for his diagnosis and reinforce his decision.
AN INNOVATIVE METHOD FOR GENERATING PULSATILE BLOOD FLOW VIA AN AXIAL VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE
Authors: Niroomand-Oscuii Hanieh , Koochaki Mojtaba , Nammakie Erfan
Published: December 2014

In recent years, ventricular assist devices (VAD) have received a worldwide admissibility and have become the unrivalled tools for replacing a failed heart. Most of the newer generations of these devices, including second and third generations, are designed to produce non-pulsatile flow at constant rotational speed. Here, we have proposed the design of a VAD, which although is an axial flow type, is able to produce pulsatile flow; and this has come through by changing the rotational speed of the impeller of the pump. This pump, which has an output analogous to cardiac output, is able to produce a flow rate of approximately 6 L per minute. Designing of this pump is based on turbomachinery theories and applying computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. The proposed pattern of the changes of rotational speed is trapezoidal and consists of four phases. Studies of the shear stresses imposed on the blood within the pump have shown that there has been an acceptable margin of safety for this pump in terms of blood injuries such as hemolysis and thrombosis.
Institutionalising and streamlining development monitoring and evaluation in post-revolutionary Egypt: A readiness primer
Authors: El Baradei Laila , Abdelhamid Doha , Wally Nermine
Published: December 2014

This research provides first-hand information about the field of development monitoring and evaluation (DME) in Egypt post the 2011 revolution. There is a great need for more effective, informative DME to hold government and development partners accountable for results achieved and meet people’s needs and expectations. Both online and offline interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 61 representatives of different stakeholder groups working in the field of DME in Egypt. Findings pointed to a lack of interest and understanding of DME, difficulty with accessing data required for satisfactory evaluation and the perceived limited effect of DME work on public policy making. Respondents’ recommendations for enhanced performance included the presence of DME units in all government and NGO programmes, more intensive training to all parties concerned, creation of an umbrella DME agency, allocating of a sufficient budget and advocating for the cause.
L’évaluation Des Projets D’eau Potable En Milieu Urbain Par L’analyse Factorielle
Authors: Stéphane Lako M. , Gautier Djeukam M.
Published: December 2014

The projects currently funded and implemented in several African cities are aimed at achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs); the focus is on improving access to basic services, including drinking water. However, very few evaluations of these projects result in a transparent reading of their contributions to the actual achievement of aforementioned MDGs, namely poverty reduction. Indeed, the large number of variables to handle in targeting evaluation units and analysing data often makes their representation difficult to understand for decision makers. Moreover, the choice of targets to be assessed remains a permanent concern. Factor analysis is a statistical tool facilitating target identification and focussing evaluations on the most relevant parameters in order to measure the objective achievement announced in the project documents. Indeed, the evaluation restriction to relevant variables enables a clear demonstration of the evaluation performance, while facilitating the reconciliation of views between scientists, technicians and decision makers. Through a case study, this document aims at showing descriptively the relevance of this tool in evaluating development projects. It focuses on the effectiveness evaluation in targeting grants for water connections as a part of the improvement of drinking water access in Yaoundé city’s precarious neighborhoods (Project AQUA / GPOBA) project. Principal and multiple components analysis associated with factor analysis of correspondences thus identified 5 relevant household poverty evaluation variables in Yaoundé’s precarious neighbourhoods, as well as the adequate distance to the network that would enable actually poor households to reach GPOBA grants.
Using organisational memory in evaluations
Authors: Jansen van Rensburg Madri S.
Published: December 2014

This article uses the case of a regional intermediary organisation to investigate organisational memory (OM) and its contribution to knowledge management and activities in evaluations. Understanding of, and accessing OM is critical for participatory evaluations. The aim of the article is to reflect on the OM of a non-governmental organisation (NGO) and what implicationsthe structural changes in OM over the organisation’s life cycle have for evaluators. It further aims to advocate an awareness of OM and explains how evaluators can access and utilise it more effectively. Evaluators need to have an understanding of OM, and to take more responsibility for disseminating results to enhance it. This case study reflects on a retrospective case example of a regional NGO. The report reflects the development and structure of the life cycle of the organisation. The data collection included in-depth interviews with staff members and other key stakeholders, engagement with beneficiary organisations and donors, and analyses of documents, electronic files and audio-visual material. Since OM survives after the demise of an organisation, and is accessible through directories, it is important for the evaluator to include historical information. Specific implications for evaluators include the ability to access OM through directories and networks of the organisation. As evaluators hold OM of all the organisations they have engaged with, they also have a responsibility to share knowledge. The key findings of this study illustrate the importance of accessing the memory and historical information of the organisation. Understanding OM enhances the in-depth comprehension of the activity, project or programme under investigation, and the collective knowledge generated as a result of it.
Social factors of the nonuse or the inadequate use of prenatal care in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Kochou Salomon H.A. , Rwenge Mburano J.R.
Published: December 2014

Background: In Côte d’Ivoire, the health situation, and particularly that of pregnant women, is very critical since the socio-political crisis which is facing this country. Indeed, the maternal mortality rate has passed in this country from 543 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births in2005 to 614 maternal deaths in 2011.Objectives: As most of the medical causes of maternal mortality are preventable, it is pertinent to identify and prioritise the factors of the non-use of prenatal care and those of its inadequate use, to identify their mechanisms of actions and to characterise women who are more adopted by the above-mentioned risky behaviours. These are the objectives of this study.Methods: The data used here are those from the Demographic and Health and Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey (DHS-MICS) carried out in Côte d’Ivoire in 2011–2012. To achieve the study objectives, we used the multinomial logistic regression models.Results: It appears from the analyses that, all things being equal, the most important determinants of the studied behaviours are in order ethnicity, degree of modernity, the perception of the distance and the standard of living of the household. They explain about 60% of the total variation of the dependent variable. The women more concerned by risky behaviours are Mandé, Gour/Voltaïque and foreigners, non-modern, who difficultly have access to health centres and live in less fortunate households.Conclusion: Therefore, it should be important to educate and sensitise women with the above cultural characteristics, as well as their partners, on the risks associated with the non-use of prenatal care services, to improve their condition of life and their access to these services.
Contribution analysis as an evaluation strategy in the context of a sector-wide approach: Performance-based health financing in Rwanda
Authors: Noltze Martin , Gaisbauer Felix , Schwedersky Thomas , Krapp Stefanie
Published: December 2014

Sector-wide approaches (SWAps) emerged as a response to donor fragmentation and non-adjusted and parallel programming. In the health sector, SWAps have received considerable support by the international donor community due to their potential to reduce inefficiencies through alignment to common procedures and hence to increase development effectiveness. Evaluating development cooperation in the context of a SWAp, however, translates into methodological challenges for evaluators who have to disentangle the cumulative effects in strongly donor-aligned, complex sector environments. In this article the authors discussed the application of a methodological strategy for evaluating development interventions in complex settings – for example in the context of a SWAp –and reflected the suitability of the approach. The authors conducted a contribution analysis, a theory-based approach to evaluation, and exemplified the approach for an intervention of performance-based financing for Rwandan health workers supported by the Rwanda-German cooperation. The findings suggested that the Rwandan system of performance based financing increased service orientation and outputs of health professionals, but also indicated that negative motivational side effects and resource constraints are real. With regard to the methodological approach, the authors conclude that contribution analysis has a high potential to evaluate development cooperation in the context of a SWAp dueto its high flexibility to use different data collection tools and its capability to assess risks and rival explanations. Challenges can be identified with regard to the efficiency of the evaluation strategy and a remaining trade-off between scope and causal strength ofevidence.
Macro and micro determinants of project performance
Authors: Assefa Yemesrach , Rivera Oscar P. , Vencatachellum Désiré
Published: December 2014

One year from the target date of the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the result in Africa is only a work in progress. Africa has made progress towards some of the MDGs but needs to draw lessons and improve performance post 2015. This study investigates the development effectiveness of the African Development Bank Group-financed projects using 229 concluded projects between 2004 and 2012 to assess the major determinants of project performance. The study finds that the Bank Group has on average a high level of development effectiveness. Using econometric analysis the study found that country-level variables’ interactions with project-level variables explain a substantial share of the variationsin project performance. In particular, it affirmed that country policies and institutions and country capacity in general is positively correlated with project performance whilst parallel project implementation units were not correlated. At the micro level, the age of a project, the quality of project design and the choice of programing instrument were also important determinants of project success. The findings of this study therefore will inform the policy formulation processes in the post 2015 agenda.
Reshaping development evaluation: Meeting the challenges of a changing context
Authors: Bruce Kerry , Khan Maliha , Vandelanotte Joris , Mannino Clelia Anna , MacPherson Nancy , Dickman Joe
Published: December 2014

No abstract available.
Residential self-selection in travel behavior: Towards an integration into mobility biographies
Authors: Scheiner Joachim
Published: December 2014

The debate on residential self-selection (RSS) in the travel field seeks to answer the question of whether and to what extent spatial differences in traveling may be explained in spatial terms or to what extent, rather, they are explained by the unequal spatial distribution of people’s social and personal characteristics, particularly their neighborhood and travel preferences. Arguing primarily from a European—specifically, German— perspective, this paper makes a case for integrating the RSS-travel link into the mobility biographies approach that has emerged over the past decade. This approach addresses travel behavior as being embedded in other “spheres” of an individual’s life course, most notably the household and family biographies, the employment biography, and the residential biography. This paper argues that stability and change in travel behavior

must be considered not only in concert with residential location choice, but also in the wider context of life course, in which residential choices themselves are embedded. Some unresolved issues in the RSS-travel debate that seem to be of key importance for the current debate are discussed, including various aspects of residential location choice, the role of preferences, and implications for spatial planning and transport planning. The benefits of taking a biographical perspective are also pointed out.
Satisfaction with travel and residential self-selection: How do preferences moderate the impact of the Hiawatha Light Rail Transit line?
Authors: Cao Jason , Ettema Dick
Published: December 2014

Policies in urban and transportation planning increasingly aim at improving residents’ wellbeing. Satisfaction with travel (SWT) is a relevant component of well-being. Insight into the effect of the built environment on SWT is limited and therefore the focus of this paper. To assess this effect, a crucial issue is to what extent a relationship between the built environment and SWT is due to residential self-selection. To explore this question, a survey was held in corridors of the Twin Cities, which differed in terms of accessibility and transit options. Respondents reported their SWT, travel preferences and reasons for location choices,

among other things. Using a fixed-effect model of SWT, we found that self-selection plays a significant role in explaining SWT, but that built environment characteristics also have an independent effect on SWT. Taken together this suggests that policies to build high-quality transit have a positive effect on SWT, in general, and particularly for those with a transit preference.
Residential self-selection, built environment, and travel behavior in the Chinese context
Authors: Wang Donggen , Lin Tao
Published: December 2014

Residential self-selection has been reported to be a factor confounding the observed relationship between built environment and travel behavior. By incorporating residential self-selection, studies have generated much insight into the causalities involved in the relationship between built environment and travel behavior. However, most of these studies were conducted in North American cities, where individuals may have the opportunity to realize their preferences in residential and transport mode choices. There are not many similar studies for other parts of the world, such as China, where residential and transport choices are probably more constrained than in North America. This paper aims to partly fill the gap by discussing the specificities of the residential self-selection issue in urban China and suggesting how to cope with this issue when examining the relationship between built environment and travel behavior in the Chinese context. We argue that studies addressing the residential self-selection issue in China need to consider the housing source, which has implications for residential choice, and acknowledge the importance of some travel-related attitudes such as preferences for short commutes, good accessibility to public transport, and proximity to markets for daily goods shopping.
Estimating the effect of land use and transportation planning on travel patterns: Three problems in controlling for residential self-selection
Authors: Chatman Daniel G.
Published: December 2014

The common understanding of “residential self-selection” generally found in research on the effects of the built environment on travel is in error in three main ways. First, scholars have generally failed to recognize that the built environment may have different effects on travel for different households. Second, controlling for residential self-selection is not necessarily relevant to the predictive questions that controlled estimates are meant to inform. Third, in controlling for preferences and sorting, the literature has failed to account for the composition of the population and its consequences for housing demand. These problems may significantly influence the validity and usefulness of the research.
Proposta de classificação do tecnógeno para uso no mapeamento de áreas de risco de deslizamento
Authors: Mirandola Fabrício Araujo , Macedo Eduardo Soares de
Published: December 2014

Este trabalho coloca em discussão aspectos relativos ao acréscimo de uma proposta de classificação do tecnógeno, ao mapeamento de feições, depósitos e vetores tecnogênicos, à análise da carta de eixos de escoamento superficial e à setorização do tecnógeno ao método usual de elaboração de mapeamentos de risco. Como área-piloto para a elaboração dos mapeamentos de risco de deslizamento foi selecionada a favela Real Parque, em São Paulo, SP. Uma carta de risco foi elaborada com base no método usual, e a outra foi elaborada com base nos parâmetros utilizados na primeira carta, porém com a inclusão da análise do tecnógeno. Conclui-se que a inserção da análise do tecnógeno na elaboração da carta aperfeiçoou a análise do risco de deslizamento, aumentando o detalhe nas observações de campo e possibilitando a identificação de novos setores, os quais apresentam graus de risco mais elevados do que aqueles observados pelo método usual.
ADUBAÇÃO ORGÂNICA COM TORTA DE NABO PARA A CULTURA DO PIMENTÃO
Authors: Ferreira Paulo José , Holz Sabrina , Perissato Samara Moreira , Cabral Ana Claudia , Pires Frigo Jianice , De Azevedo Késia Damaris
Published: December 2014

O Capiscum annuum L.é uma solenaceae que está disposta como vários híbridos, podendo assim ser produzido por todo ano. Seu cultivo é encontrado por todo território brasileiro, movimentando o mercado de sementes em US$ 1,5 milhão. Sua facilidade de cultivo deve-se as grandes faixas de resistências, principalmente quanto a temperatura e ph. Em prol do melhoramento dos frutos, e evitando grandes impactos ao ambiente, adubos orgânico ou fertilização verde estão sendo utilizados como Torta de Nabo, co-produto da extração do óleo do Nabo-forrageiro, o qual apresenta excelentes valores de importantes macronutrientes essenciais para o cultivo. Portando, objetivou-se realizar um levantamento bibliográfico analisando o comportamento da cultura do pimentão em relação à adubação orgânica.Palavras-chave: Capiscum annuum L., fertilização verde, resistência