bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Role of Familiarity in the Perception of Depth
Authors: Mischenko Elizaveta , Negishi Ippei , Gorbunova Elena S. , Sawada Tadamasa
Published: April 2020

Bishop Berkeley suggested that the distance of an object can be estimated if the object’s size is familiar to the observer. It has been suggested that humans can perceive the distance of the object by using such “familiarity” information, but most or many of the prior experiments that found an effect of familiarity were not designed to minimize or eliminate potential influences of: higher cognitive factors on the observers’ responses, or the influences of low-level image features in the visual stimuli used. We looked for the familiarity effect in two experiments conducted both in Russia and Japan. The visual stimuli used were images of three coins used in Russia and Japan. The participants’ depth perception was measured with a multiple-choice task testing the perceived depth-order of the coins. Our expectation was that any effect of “familiarity” on depth perception would only be observed with the coins of the participant’s country. We expected a substantial familiarity effect based on our meta-analysis of the “familiarity” effects observed in prior experiments. But, our results in both experiments showed that the familiarity effect was virtually zero. These findings suggest that the importance of a familiarity effect in depth perception should be reconsidered.
Flood Prediction and Uncertainty Estimation Using Deep Learning
Authors: Gude Vinayaka , Corns Steven , Long Suzanna
Published: April 2020

Floods are a complex phenomenon that are difficult to predict because of their non-linear and dynamic nature. Therefore, flood prediction has been a key research topic in the field of hydrology. Various researchers have approached this problem using different techniques ranging from physical models to image processing, but the accuracy and time steps are not sufficient for all applications. This study explores deep learning techniques for predicting gauge height and evaluating the associated uncertainty. Gauge height data for the Meramec River in Valley Park, Missouri was used to develop and validate the model. It was found that the deep learning model was more accurate than the physical and statistical models currently in use while providing information in 15 minute increments rather than six hour increments. It was also found that the use of data sub-selection for regularization in deep learning is preferred to dropout. These results make it possible to provide more accurate and timely flood prediction for a wide variety of applications, including transportation systems.
Effects of Changing Fertilization since the 1980s on Nitrogen Runoff and Leaching in Rice–Wheat Rotation Systems, Taihu Lake Basin
Authors: Diao Yaqin , Li Hengpeng , Jiang Sanyuan , Li Xinyan
Published: April 2020

The nitrogen (N) loss associated with intensive agricultural activities is a significant cause of eutrophication and algal blooms in freshwater ecosystems. Taihu Lake has experienced serious surface water quality deterioration and eutrophication problems since the 1980s. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of fertilization changes since the 1980s on the N loss with runoff and leaching in the rice–wheat cropping rotation system. According to the results published in the literature since the 1980s, we set up four fertilization scenarios—N1980s: a fertilization rate of 350 kg N·ha−1·year−1 with 30% in manure fertilization to simulate fertilization in the 1980s; NA1990s: a fertilization rate of 500 kg N·ha−1·year−1 with 10% in manure fertilization to simulate fertilization in the early 1990s; NL1990s: fertilization rate of 600 kg N·ha−1·year−1 with 10% in manure fertilization to simulate fertilization in the late 1990s; and N2000s: fertilization rate of 550 kg N·ha−1·year−1 with all chemicals to simulate fertilization in the 2000s. Then, we calibrated and validated the DNDC (denitrification–decomposition) model through field experiments in two rice–wheat rotation seasons from November 2011 to October 2013 and simulated the N loss with runoff and leaching since the 1980s. The results show that N losses with leaching in the four periods (N 1980s, NA1990s, NL1990s, and N2000s) were 5.2 ± 2.1, 9.4 ± 3.2, 14.4 ± 4.6 and 13.5 ± 4.6 kg N·ha−1·year−1, respectively. N losses with surface runoff were 7.9 ± 3.9, 18.3 ± 7.2, 25.4 ± 10.2, and 26.5 ± 10.6 kg N·ha−1·year−1, respectively. The total N loss through runoff and leaching showed an increasing trend from 1980 to the late 1990s, when it reached its peak. The increase in N export to water due to fertilizer application occurs mainly during the rainy season from March to August, and especially from June to August, when rainfall events and intensive rice fertilization activities are frequent. After the 1990s, when the fertilizer rate was above 500 kg N·ha−1·year−1, the crop yields no longer increased significantly, which indicates that the optimized fertilization rate to balance crop yields and N loss to water is lower than 500 kg N·ha−1·year−1. The increase in fertilizer use has been unnecessary since the early 1990s, and at least about 30% of the N loss could have been prevented without reducing crop yields.
Experimental Evidence of the Influence of Recurves on Wave Loads at Vertical Seawalls
Authors: Stagonas Dimitris , Ravindar Rajendran , Sriram Venkatachalam , Schimmels Stefan
Published: April 2020

The role of recurves on top of seawalls in reducing overtopping has been previously shown but their influence in the distribution and magnitude of wave-induced pressures and forces on the seawall remains largely unexplored. This paper deals with the effects of different recurve geometries on the loads acting on the vertical wall. Three geometries with different arc lengths, or extremity angles (αe), were investigated in large-scale physical model tests with regular waves, resulting in a range of pulsating (non-breaking waves) to impulsive (breaking waves) conditions at the structure. As the waves hit the seawall, the up-rushing flow is deflected seawards by the recurve and eventually, re-enters the underlying water column and interacts with the next incoming wave. The re-entering water mass is, intuitively, expected to alter the incident waves but it was found that the recurve shape does not affect wave heights significantly. For purely pulsating conditions, the influence of αe on peak pressures and forces was also negligible. In marked contrast, the mean of the maximum impulsive pressure and force peaks increased, even by a factor of more than two, with the extremity angle. While there is no clear relation between the shape of the recurve and the mean peak pressures and forces, interestingly the mean of the 10% highest forces increases gradually with αe and this effect becomes more pronounced with increasing impact intensity.
Floodwater Utilization Based on Reservoir Pre-Release Strategy Considering the Worst-Case Scenario
Authors: Hua Lijuan , Wan Xinyu , Wang Xianhui , Zhao Fangzheng , Zhong Ping’an , Liu Moyang , Yang Qingyan
Published: April 2020

Utilizing floodwater resources is important in relieving water shortages, and dynamic control of the flood limited water level (FLWL) for reservoir operation in a flood season is an effective method to achieve this objective. Based on the capacity-constrained pre-release method, this study proposed an improved dynamic control method that considered the duration of dry periods and the lead time of flood forecasts. The pre-release process was divided into two periods: water use and flood control. Taking Xianghongdian Reservoir in the Huai River Basin of China as an example, this study analyzed the statistical laws of continuous dry periods and effective flood forecast lead times and compared the effects of the negative exponential and asymptotic regression models in fitting the dry period distribution. We also calculated the floodwater volume over the FLWL in different situations and evaluated the flood control risks in a worst-case scenario. Statistical law of the dry period duration showed obvious negative index distribution characteristics; the relationship between increased water storage, dry period, and lead time can provide support for the operation decisions of the reservoir. The method did not increase the flood control risk under worst-case scenarios, and it can be used to effectively utilize reservoir floodwater resources.
A New Framework to Model Hydraulic Bank Erosion Considering the Effects of Roots
Authors: Gasser Eric , Perona Paolo , Dorren Luuk , Phillips Chris , Hübl Johannes , Schwarz Massimiliano
Published: April 2020

Floods and subsequent bank erosion are recurring hazards that pose threats to people and can cause damage to buildings and infrastructure. While numerous approaches exist on modeling bank erosion, very few consider the stabilizing effects of vegetation (i.e., roots) for hydraulic bank erosion at catchment scale. Taking root reinforcement into account enables the assessment of the efficiency of vegetation to decrease hydraulic bank erosion rates and thus improve risk management strategies along forested channels. A new framework (BankforNET) was developed to model hydraulic bank erosion that considers the mechanical effects of roots and randomness in the Shields entrainment parameter to calculate probabilistic scenario-based erosion events. The one-dimensional, probabilistic model uses the empirical excess shear stress equation where bank erodibility parameters are randomly updated from an empirical distribution based on data found in the literature. The mechanical effects of roots are implemented by considering the root area ratio (RAR) affecting the material dependent critical shear stress. The framework was validated for the Selwyn/Waikirikiri River catchment in New Zealand, the Thur River catchment and the Sulzigraben catchment, both in Switzerland. Modeled bank erosion deviates from the observed bank erosion between 7% and 19%. A sensitivity analysis based on data of vertically stable river reaches also suggests that the mechanical effects of roots can reduce hydraulic bank erosion up to 100% for channels with widths < 15.00 m, longitudinal slopes < 0.05 m m−1 and a RAR of 1% to 2%. The results show that hydraulic bank erosion can be significantly decreased by the presence of roots under certain conditions and its contribution can be quantified considering different conditions of channel geometry, forest structure and discharge scenarios.
Studying Unimodal, Bimodal, PDI and Bimodal-PDI Variants of Multiple Soil Water Retention Models: II. Evaluation of Parametric Pedotransfer Functions Against Direct Fits
Authors: Haghverdi Amir , Öztürk Hasan Sabri , Durner Wolfgang
Published: April 2020

A high-resolution soil water retention data set (81 repacked soil samples with 7729 observations) measured by the HYPROP system was used to develop and evaluate the performance of regression parametric pedotransfer functions (PTFs). A total of sixteen soil hydraulic models were evaluated including five unimodal water retention expressions of Brooks and Corey (BC model), Fredlund and Xing (FX model), Kosugi (K model), van Genuchten with four free parameters (VG model) and van Genuchten with five free parameters (VGm model). In addition, eleven bimodal, Peters–Durner–Iden (PDI) and bimodal-PDI variants of the original expressions were studied. Six modeling scenarios (S1 to S6) were examined with different combinations of the following input predictors: soil texture (percentages of sand, silt and clay), soil bulk density, organic matter content, percent of stable aggregates and saturated water content (θs). Although a majority of the model parameters showed low correlations with basic soil properties, most of the parametric PTFs provided reasonable water content estimations. The VGm parametric PTF with an RMSE of 0.034 cm3 cm−3 was the best PTF when all input predictors were considered. When averaged across modeling scenarios, the PDI variant of the K model with an RMSE of 0.045 cm3 cm−3 showed the highest performance. The best performance of all models occurred at S6 when θs was considered as an additional input predictor. The second-best performance for 11 out of the 16 models belonged to S1 with soil textural components as the only inputs. Our results do not recommend the development of parametric PTFs using bimodal variants because of their poor performance, which is attributed to their high number of free parameters.
Hydraulic Conductivity Estimation Using Low-Flow Purging Data Elaboration in Contaminated Sites
Authors: De Filippi Francesco Maria , Iacurto Silvia , Ferranti Flavia , Sappa Giuseppe
Published: April 2020

Hydrogeological characterization is required when investigating contaminated sites, and hydraulic conductivity is an important parameter that needs to be estimated. Before groundwater sampling, well water level values are measured during low-flow purging to check the correct driving of the activity. However, these data are generally considered only as an indicator of an adequate well purging. In this paper, water levels and purging flow rates were considered to estimate hydraulic conductivity values in an alluvial aquifer, and the obtained results were compared with traditional hydraulic conductivity test results carried on in the same area. To test the applicability of this method, data coming from 59 wells located in the alluvial aquifer of Malagrotta waste disposal site, a large area of 160 ha near Rome, were analyzed and processed. Hydraulic conductivity values were estimated by applying the Dupuit’s hypothesis for steady-state radial flow in an unconfined aquifer, as these are the hydraulic conditions in pumping wells for remediation purposes. This study aims to show that low-flow purging procedures in monitoring wells—carried out before sampling for groundwater characterization—represent an easy and inexpensive method for soil hydraulic conductivity estimation with good feasibility, if correctly carried on.
Urban Flood Prediction Using Deep Neural Network with Data Augmentation
Authors: Kim Hyun Il , Han Kun Yeun
Published: April 2020

Data-driven models using an artificial neural network (ANN), deep learning (DL) and numerical models are applied in flood analysis of the urban watershed, which has a complex drainage system. In particular, data-driven models using neural networks can quickly present the results and be used for flood forecasting. However, not a lot of data with actual flood history and heavy rainfalls are available, it is difficult to conduct a preliminary analysis of flood in urban areas. In this study, a deep neural network (DNN) was used to predict the total accumulative overflow, and because of the insufficiency of observed rainfall data, 6 h of rainfall were surveyed nationwide in Korea. Statistical characteristics of each rainfall event were used as input data for the DNN. The target value of the DNN was the total accumulative overflow calculated from Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) simulations, and the methodology of data augmentation was applied to increase the input data. The SWMM is one-dimensional model for rainfall-runoff analysis. The data augmentation allowed enrichment of the training data for DNN. The data augmentation was applied ten times for each input combination, and the practicality of the data augmentation was determined by predicting the total accumulative overflow over the testing data and the observed rainfall. The prediction result of DNN was compared with the simulated result obtained using the SWMM model, and it was confirmed that the predictive performance was improved on applying data augmentation.
Studying Unimodal, Bimodal, PDI and Bimodal-PDI Variants of Multiple Soil Water Retention Models: I. Direct Model Fit Using the Extended Evaporation and Dewpoint Methods
Authors: Haghverdi Amir , Najarchi Mohsen , Öztürk Hasan Sabri , Durner Wolfgang
Published: April 2020

This study focuses on the reliable parametrization of the full Soil Water Retention Curve (SWRC) from saturation to oven-dryness using high resolution but limited range measured water retention data by the Hydraulic Property Analyzer (HYPROP) system. We studied the performance of five unimodal water retention models including the Brooks and Corey model (BC model), the Fredlund and Xing model (FX model), the Kosugi model (K model), the van Genuchten constrained model with four free parameters (VG model), and the van Genuchten unconstrained model with five free parameters (VGm model). In addition, eleven alternative expressions including Peters–Durner–Iden (PDI), bimodal, and bimodal-PDI variants of the original models were evaluated. We used a data set consisting of 94 soil samples from Turkey and the United States with high-resolution measured data (a total of 9264 measured water retention data pairs) mainly via the HYPROP system and supplemented for some samples with measured dry-end data using the WP4C instrument. Among unimodal expressions, the FX and the K models with the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) values equal to 0.005 cm3 cm−3 and 0.015 cm3 cm−3 have the highest and the lowest accuracy, respectively. Overall, the alternative variants provided a better fit than the unimodal expressions. The unimodal models, except for the FX model, fail to provide reliable dry-end estimations using HYPROP data (average MAE: 0.041 cm3 cm−3, average r: 0.52). Our results suggested that only models that account for the zero water content at the oven dryness and properly shift from the middle range to dry-end (i.e., the FX model and PDI variants) can adequately represent the full SWRC using typical data obtained via the HYPROP system.
Pipeline Scour Rates Prediction-Based Model Utilizing a Multilayer Perceptron-Colliding Body Algorithm
Authors: Ehteram Mohammad , Ahmed Ali Najah , Ling Lloyd , Fai Chow Ming , Latif Sarmad Dashti , Afan Haitham Abdulmohsin , Banadkooki Fatemeh Barzegari , El-Shafie Ahmed
Published: April 2020

In this research, the advanced multilayer perceptron (MLP) models are utilized to predict the free rate of expansion that usually occurs around the pipeline (PL) because of waves. The MLP model was structured by integrating it with three optimization algorithms: particle swarm optimization (PSO), whale algorithm (WA), and colliding bodies’ optimization (CBO). The sediment size, wave characteristics, and PL geometry were used as the inputs for the applied models. Moreover, the scour rate, vertical scour rate along the pipeline, and scour rate at both right and left sides of the pipeline were predicted as the model outputs. Results of the three suggested models, MLP-CBO, MLP-WA, and MLP-PSO, for both testing and training sessions were assessed based on different statistical indices. The results indicated that the MLP-CBO model performed better in comparison to the MLP-PSO, MLP-WA, regression, and empirical models. The MLP-CBO can be used as a powerful soft-computing model for predictions.
Removal of Ciprofloxacin with Aluminum-Pillared Kaolin Sodium Alginate Beads (CA-Al-KABs): Kinetics, Isotherms, and BBD Model
Authors: Hu Yuying , Pan Cheng , Zheng Xiaohuan , Liu Susu , Hu Fengping , Xu Li , Xu Gaoping , Peng Xiaoming
Published: April 2020

In recent years, the problem of water pollution caused by antibiotics has attracted wide attention. The common use of antibiotics represents a threat to both human health and environmental safety. The modification of kaolin clay is promising due to its high efficiency, easy operation, and low cost. In this study, a novel material, aluminum-pillared kaolin sodium alginate beads (CA-Al-KABs), was synthesized by gelling and solidification processes. The structure and chemical properties were characterized by various analytical methods. The influencing factors (such as adsorbent dosage, contacting time, pH, ion strength, temperature, and initial concentration) and adsorption mechanism of ciprofloxacin (CIP) were studied. Furthermore, adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, and a Box–Behnken design (BBD) model were conducted. Moreover, CA-Al-KABs’ adsorption efficiency towards other antibiotics were also evaluated. The adsorption experiments showed that the acidic environment (pH = 4) was more favorable for the adsorption of ciprofloxacin. The adsorption kinetics of ciprofloxacin by CA-Al-KABs microspheres were confirmed to be more suitable with the pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The Langmuir isotherm model showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of CA-Al-KABs microspheres to ciprofloxacin was 68.36 mg/g at 308.15 K. The adsorption driving force of CIP near CA-Al-KABs may be the electrostatic attraction. Further, CIP could also form complexes with Ca2+ and Al—Al—OH on CA-Al-KABs, and thus CIP was attracted to the adsorbent. Adsorption thermodynamics showed that the adsorption process was exothermic, feasible, and spontaneous. In addition, the adsorption performance on other antibiotics indicated CA-Al-KABs’ broad application in the treatment of antibiotic wastewater.
Analysis of the Bioaugmentation Potential of Pseudomonas putida OR45a and Pseudomonas putida KB3 in the Sequencing Batch Reactors Fed with the Phenolic Landfill Leachate
Authors: Michalska Justyna , Piński Artur , Żur Joanna , Mrozik Agnieszka
Published: April 2020

The treatment of landfill leachate could be challenging for the biological wastewater treatment systems due to its high toxicity and the presence of poorly biodegradable contaminants. In this study, the bioaugmentation technology was successfully applied in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) fed with the phenolic landfill leachate by inoculation of the activated sludge (AS) with two phenol-degrading Pseudomonas putida OR45a and Pseudomonas putida KB3 strains. According to the results, the SBRs bioaugmented with Pseudomonas strains withstood the increasing concentrations of the leachate. This resulted in the higher removal efficiency of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 79–86%, ammonia nitrogen of 87–88% and phenolic compounds of 85–96% as compared to 45%, 64%, and 50% for the noninoculated SBR. Simultaneously, the bioaugmentation of the AS allowed to maintain the high enzymatic activity of dehydrogenases, nonspecific esterases, and catalase in this ecosystem, which contributed to the higher functional capacity of indigenous microorganisms than in the noninoculated AS. Herein, the stress level experienced by the microorganisms in the SBRs fed with the leachate computed based on the cellular ATP measurements showed that the abundance of exogenous Pseudomonas strains in the bioreactors contributed to the reduction in effluent toxicity, which was reflected by a decrease in the stress biomass index to 32–45% as compared to the nonbioaugmented AS (76%).
Determination of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolated from calf diarrhea, part of eastern Turkey
Authors: CENGİZ Seyda , ADIGÜZEL Mehmet Cemal
Published: April 2020

Microorganisms have a primary role in the formation of calf diarrhea. Escherichia coli pose an environmental risk to young animals caused by fecal excretion. In this study, rectal swab samples (n= 133) were collected from calves with diarrhea aged from 1 day to 3 months, between August 2017 and August 2018. The samples were cultured on MacConkey agar, and then antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence genes for Escherichia coli isolates (n= 133) were investigated by disk diffusion method according to clinical and laboratory standards institute standards and multiplex polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The isolates were found to be highly resistant to oxytetracycline (78.9%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (69.2%), neomycin (60.9%), and erythromycin (58.6%). Besides, multidrug resistance was determined in 71.4% of isolates. Thirty-three of 133 (24.81%) isolates were positive for at least one virulence factor. The pathotypes of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (F5 and/or F41 fimbria and STa), enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (Stx and eae), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (eae) and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (Stx-eae) were found in 51.5%, 6.1%, 15.2%, and 12.1%, respectively. However, the virulence properties were detected as; Stx1 (3.03%), Stx2 (9.09%), STa (21.21%), and eae (15.15%); the F41 and F5 were not detected. Also, the fifteen-point two percent of strains (5/33) were the hybrid type that carried both Stx (either Stx1 or Stx2) and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli specific enterotoxin gene STa. The existence of different virulence factors found in this study supports the statement that calves are possible bearers of pathogens that are dangerous to public health.
Dinâmica de parâmetros limnológicos e uso e cobertura da terra nas bacias hidrográficas das represas Dr. João Penido e São Pedro, Juiz de Fora (MG)
Authors: Rocha Cézar Henrique Barra , Casquin Antoine Philippe , Silva Thiago Martins da , de Freitas Fabiano Amarante , Pereira Amanda Maia , Paula Isabela Fernanda Moraes de , Almeida Neto José Oliveira de
Published: April 2020

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo correlacionar os parâmetros limnológicos dos principais tributários das represas Dr. João Penido e São Pedro no município de Juiz de Fora com o uso da terra nas bacias hidrográficas destes mananciais. As amostras foram coletadas mensalmente no período de 2012 até 2013, escolhendo-se seções na nascente, foz e captação, contemplando quatro pontos na bacia da Represa de São Pedro e seis pontos na bacia da Represa Dr. João Penido. Através de uma Sonda Multiparamétrica, foram verificados em campo, os parâmetros: OD, pH, temperatura, condutividade, STD e salinidade. Em cada ponto amostral, foram coletados três litros de água para análise dos parâmetros: DBO5,20, OD, cloreto, turbidez, sólidos totais, pH, fósforo total, nitrogênio total, nitrato, nitrito, amônia e uma amostra de 100ml para análise de coliformes termotolerantes e/ou E-coli. Tais parâmetros foram analisados no LADINAA, Ecologia e outros laboratórios, seguindo as metodologias do Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Waste water (APHA, 2012). As cartas de uso e cobertura da terra foram elaboradas utilizando as Ortofotos Digitais da Prefeitura de Juiz de Fora e adotando a classificada supervisionada MAXVER no software ArcGIS 10.2. Estes dados foram tratados utilizando correlação monótona, relacionando as porcentagens de cada classe de uso da terra até cada seção de monitoramento com os parâmetros citados. Foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação “” de Spearman com os seguintes resultados: a classe Mata Atlântica aumentou o OD e diminuiu Nitrato, Fósforo e ST; o Eucalipto reduziu o OD e aumentou o Nitrato; a Pastagem Degradada (possivelmente abandonada) reduziu Nitrato e Fósforo; a Pastagem aumentou Coliformes, Fósforo e ST e; finalmente, a Classe Urbanização aumentou Coliformes, Turbidez e Condutividade. Vale ressaltar o fato de as classes de uso da terra não serem independentes: o aumento da porcentagem de “Eucalipto” provoca espacialmente uma diminuição das demais classes. Estes resultados, ainda que parciais, apontam para a necessidade de estudos que orientem o poder público sobre os usos menos impactantes em bacias de mananciais.
Carreira parlamentar e poder simbólico
Authors: Leal Paulo Roberto Figueira , Mira Gustavo Fernandes Paravizo , De Resende Gabriella Weiss
Published: April 2020

Este paper apresenta os resultados de nossa investigação a respeito das relações comunicativas e políticas configuradas pelos mandatos dos deputados federais com domicílio eleitoral em Juiz de Fora/MG – Júlio Delgado (PSB), Marcus Pestana (PSDB), Margarida Salomão (PT) e Wadson Ribeiro (PCdoB). Partimos da hipótese de que as conexões com o eleitor/cidadão, são estabelecidas de formas distintas, o que implica variáveis políticas, dependendo do reduto eleitoral e do perfil do eleitor, e variáveis comunicacionais e midiáticas, atreladas a um tipo de informação que circula por veículos massivos e digitais. Por meio de um conjunto de metodologias, analisamos estes mandatos entre 2014/2015 e concluímos que a construção de capital simbólico, nestes casos, passa por uma série de condicionantes específicos ligadas à trajetória e à projeção dos políticos.
Desenvolvimento de ferramentas computacionais para avaliação da inclusão de fontes alternativas de energia em Microgrids
Authors: Passos Filho João Alberto , Tavela Fábio Morandi , Souza Luiz Felipe Santos
Published: April 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo principal apresentar o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta computacional para subsidiar estudos relacionados à inclusão de fontes alternativas de energia em um sistema elétrico. O programa proposto foi implementado no ambiente MALTAB®, sendo capaz de realizar o cálculo do fluxo de potência de forma sequencial, de forma a se considerar em conjunto as curvas de carga e geração do sistema. O fluxo de potência foi formulado por injeção de potência em coordenadas polares, onde se utiliza o método de Newton-Raphson para resolvê-lo. Para validação da ferramenta proposta foi realizado um estudo baseado no sistema teste de 24 barras do IEEE, cujo principal objetivo é a identificação da barra em que se deve conectar um parque eólico de maneira a se obter o menor valor de perdas elétricas. Verificou-se que as perdas técnicas do sistema variam de acordo com o ponto de conexão do parque eólico e do montante de geração a ser alocado, sendo que a partir dos resultados das simulações identificou-se que, para este sistema, o menor nível de perdas é obtido quando a conexão acontece próxima de um centro de carga. O programa de Análise de Redes ANAREDE, desenvolvido pelo CEPEL, foi utilizado para validar os resultados das simulações.
Modelagem Computacional de Árvores Circulatórias
Authors: De Queiroz Rafael Alves Bonfim , De Abreu Felippe Rocha Lobo
Published: April 2020

A principal motivação para a construção automática de modelos de árvores circulatórias in silico é a inviabilidade de ter dados anatômicos suficientes que permitam caracterizar em detalhe a estrutura geométrica de redes vasculares periféricas. A representação adequada destas redes é necessária para modelar adequadamente o efeito dos leitos periféricos na hemodinâmica do sistema arterial humano. Tendo isto em vista, este trabalho investiga o método Constrained Constructive Optimization (CCO) para construção de modelos de árvores circulatórias em domínios de perfusão tridimensionais.
Síntese de conversores MMC para aplicação em sistemas de geração fotovoltaicos e sistemas de transmissão em corrente contínua
Authors: Almeida Andrei de Oliveira , Medeiros Bárbara da Silva , Barbosa João Pedro Peters , Barbosa Pedro Gomes
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a utilização do conversor multinível modular no processamento da energia elétrica gerada por fontes renováveis (e.g. solar, eólica, entre outras) ou na transmissão de energia elétrica em corrente contínua. Conversores multiníveis modulares foram originalmente propostos para aplicações em altas tensões devido à possibilidade de expansão do número de níveis da tensão terminal de saída. Apesar do foco da proposta inicial, esses conversores se mostraram interessantes para serem utilizados em sistemas com tensões mais baixas, eliminando a necessidade de transformadores complexos ou filtros harmônicos de ordem elevada. Como a operação dos conversores multiníveis modulares dependente da equalização das tensões dos capacitores dos seus diversos submódulos, este artigo apresenta um estudo comparativo de diferentes métodos de ordenação usados para selecionar os submódulos de acordo com o valor das tensões dos seus capacitores. Resultados de simulação obtidos com o software de transitórios eletromagnéticos são apresentados para demonstrar o desempenho das estratégias de ordenação e controle investigadas. O esforço computacional dos algoritmos de ordenação investigados são também testados experimentalmente utilizando um processador digital de sinais.
O papel das coinfecções por helmintos e a deficiência de micronutrientes na transmissibilidade da hanseníase
Authors: Souza Rodrigo de Paiva , Da Silva Katrina Skolove , Fraga Lucia Alves de Oliveira , Fairley Jessica , Ferreira Jose , Grossi Maria Aparecida , De Oliveira Lorena Bruna Pereira , De Souza Márcio Luís Moreira , Ker e Lima Rosemary , Lima Marlucy Rodrigues
Published: April 2020

Introdução: A hanseníase é uma doença infectocontagiosa que se manifesta por meio de sinais e sintomas dermatoneurológicos. Apresenta alta taxa de prevalência e de detecção de casos novos em vários municípios do Brasil, com destaque para Governador Valadares, em Minas Gerais, e entorno. O estudo da hanseníase associada às helmintíases, especialmente à esquistossomose, torna-se relevante principalmente em zonas rurais, onde ocorre alta incidência dessa verminose. Além das parasitoses, a deficiência nutricional é também considerada um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento dessa doença. Sabe-se que as infecções crônicas por helmintos promovem alterações imunológicas que podem desencadear uma resposta do tipo Th2, e assim favorecer a infecção pelo M. leprae, tornando o indivíduo mais suscetível a desenvolver a forma virchowiana, considerada mais agressiva. Objetivo: investigar o papel de coinfecções parasitárias e deficiências de micronutrientes na transmissão e nas manifestações clínicas da hanseníase. Metodologia: a busca ativa de casos novos de hanseníase teve seu início no distrito rural de Limeira de Mantena (MG), e deu continuidade aos casos diagnosticados no Centro de Referência em Doenças Endêmicas e Programas Especiais (CREDEN-PES/SMS/GV). Em Limeira de Mantena, a comunidade foi convidada a participar de uma palestra sobre hanseníase, e após esclarecimentos sobre a doença, os indivíduos, de maneira voluntária, foram encaminhados para exame dermatoneurológico. Após diagnóstico clínico e coleta de material biológico para os ensaios laboratoriais, procedeu-se ao tratamento. Todos os contatos domiciliares dos pacientes foram agendados para consulta e exames. Foi aplicado questionário para obtenção de dados demográficos e socioeconômicos, e recordatório alimentar para complementar o estudo dos micronutrientes. Amostras de fezes foram solicitadas para realização do exame parasitológico e a coleta de sangue foi realizada para avaliação da produção de citocinas por células mononucleares do sangue periférico, para análise do perfil imunológico dos participantes. Resultado: resultados preliminares mostraram maior produção de IL-10 e menor produção de IFN-g pelos pacientes multibacilares (MB) comparados com indivíduos saudáveis. Exames parasitológicos de fezes apresentaram resultados positivos para S. mansoni, E. coli e. histolytica. Conclusão: as análises estatísticas dos dados obtidos estão em andamento. Vários casos de hanseníase diagnosticados como MB pela classificação operacional da OMS apresentaram infecção pelo S. mansoni.
Avaliação da atividade estrogênica em efluente da pecuária leiteira
Authors: Costalonga Lorena Gotelip , Pires Nathacha Oliveira , Resende Thamara Costa , Bottrel Sue Ellen Costa , Monteiro Neto João , Pereira Renata de Oliveira , De Paula Vanessa Romário , Otênio Marcelo Henrique
Published: April 2020

A importância econômica da bovinocultura leiteira no Brasil tem atraído a comunidade científica no sentido de aprofundar os estudos sobre os sistemas de criação de gado em confinamento. Trata-se de um sistema amplamente difundido no meio rural e responsável pela geração de possíveis impactos, haja vista os elevados volumes de efluente com alta carga orgânica e de nutrientes, advindos da limpeza dos locais de confinamento. De matriz complexa, ainda é possível identificar no efluente a presença de micropoluentes orgânicos, como os desreguladores endócrinos (DE), advindos do manejo reprodutivo dos rebanhos. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho busca caracterizar o afluente e o efluente da bovinocultura leiteira, tratado em biodigestor anaeróbio associado com um ciclo de recirculação. Também visa avaliar/quantificar a presença de atividade estrogênica atravésdo ensaio in vitroYeastEstrogenScreen (YES). O efluente em estudo é proveniente da fazenda  da  Embrapa  Gado  de  Leite,  localizada  em  Coronel  Pacheco  (MG),  a  qual trabalha com um sistema de produção de gado Girolandosemiconfinado. Após análises de amostras foi possível observar expressiva eficiência na redução de carga orgânica (65% de remoção de DQO e 89% de DBO) e baixa remoção de nutrientes. Os resultados evidenciaram  que  o  tratamento  não  foi  capaz  de  promover  a  remoção  da  atividade estrogênica no efluente.
Digital Society 5.0 – New Opportunities for Women or Gender Challenge?
Authors: Zolotareva O. A.
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to assessing the real situation of the situation of women in employment in the STEM sphere (from English: Science, Technology, Engineering, Maths). The analysis of the gender gap in wages both throughout the Russian economy and by type of economic activity. Based on a comprehensive study of scientific, journalistic and statistical sources, it is concluded that the problems of female employment, which were observed even before the digital era, but will be aggravated with the formation of the digital Society 5.0, as well as the growth of gender disparities in the level of payment today and in the foreseeable future become challenges gender equality.
Analysis of Differences in Income of Population and the Social Effect Related to it in the Countries of the World
Authors: Avrov A. P.
Published: April 2020

A technique is proposed for studying differences in population incomes of the countries of the world on the basis of the module (M) in the article. Its use made it possible to detail inequality in population incomes of countries associated with differences in the level of economic development of countries and with the influence of internal social and economic factors. The calculation of the coefficients characterizing the influence of factors on the basis of not intergroup dispersions, but average of intragroup ones is proposed.
Genesis of the Digital Bank
Authors: Shvetsov Yu. G.
Published: April 2020

In the article are examined the basic trends and the content of transition period in the development of the banking sector of services, whose functioning undergoes substantial changes in the conditions of the folding ecosystem of the digital economy. The need for the introduction of essential correctives into the theory of banking is based, the promising trends of the displacement of credit establishments into the virtual space are illuminated, characteristic is given to the new bank products, which are folded of the within the framework decentralized system for control. The most important aspects of the creation of the model of digital bank and the key elements of strategy of its owner’s activity are revealed.
Research of Foreign Experience in Determining the Tax Base: Prospects for Cadastral Valuation in Russia
Authors: Gubanishcheva M. A.
Published: April 2020

The article includes the review of the analysis of foreign experience in determining the tax base. Analysis of the world experience demonstrates a variety of taxation systems of real property also including differences in their basic elements. In spite of multiple differences there are some similar features common to the majority of countries. Cadastral value is used for the purposes of taxation in Russia.The work on the modernization of the institute of cadastral value is enormous. It can take many years, because the methodology for determining the cadastral value still under development in Russia.The article presents the possibility of using effective practices of other countries. The use of foreign effective practices is permissible in order to increase the reliability of the valuation results, as well as preventing possible problems.
Comprehensive Indexes of Social Significance and Development Potential of Entrepreneurship in Modern Countries
Authors: Pinkovetskaya Yu. S.
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for using the corresponding comprehensive indices for each country to assess social values and potential business intentions. The study was based on empirical data from The global entrepreneurship monitor for 48 countries in 2018. Formulas are proposed and calculations of complex index values are performed. The distribution of their values by country is considered. Lists of countries with high and low index values are given. A comparative analysis of indices for Russia and foreign countries is presented. The indices proposed for evaluating opinions about entrepreneurship are of scientific and practical significance.
Development of Motivation System Focused on the Strategy of the Enterprise (on the Example of the Military-Industrial Complex)
Authors: Kozlov A. E.
Published: April 2020

Motivation of staff in everyday life is considered to be the payment of wages, which the employee receives monthly for properly performed functional duties. However, we should not forget that motivation can change not only the approaches to payment of wages, but also the worldview of employees, their approaches to work. How the employer motivates the employee, such a result will be obtained.This article describes the gradual creation of a motivation system, the successful experience of the implementation of which allowed several times to increase the productivity of a particular enterprise of the military-industrial complex.
Typological Grouping Based on Decomposition of Probability Distributions Mixtures
Authors: Ismaiylova Yu. N. , Khrushchev S. E.
Published: April 2020

A mixture of probability distributions is a mathematical model that allows to describe heterogeneous data. The task of separating mixtures or decomposition is the task of estimating the unknown parameters of miscible distributions. Despite the adequacy of the description of heterogeneous data, the decomposition of mixtures is a separate problem, due to the large number of parameters to be evaluated. The article carries out historical periodization,systematization, and a critical comparative analysis of existing methods and algorithms for decomposition of mixtures of probability distributions, identifies the possibilities and limitations of their application for the analysis of real populations. Based on existing algorithms, a method for separating mixtures of an arbitrary known number of probability distributions and a further typological grouping of real socio-economic aggregates is proposed. Unlike existing methods, a method for calculating threshold values to determine the boundaries of types and the number of components of the mixture, in cases where it is unknown, is proposed. Based on the proposed methodology, a typology of the subjects of the Russian Federation by the level of unemployment in the Russian Federation is carried out.
Sapiens: Uma Revisão Sobre a Perspectiva da Neurociência Evolutiva
Authors: Aguiar da Silva Gilvan , Alisson Pereira de Brito Gleisson , Guerra López Seidel
Published: April 2020

Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma revisão crítica do livro: Sapiens: Uma Breve História da Humanidade, de Yuval Noah Harari, versão traduzida para o português, publicada em Porto Alegre, Brasil, em 20176. Embora o livro traga contribuições para diversas áreas da ciência, nossa abordagem pretende avaliar apenas as ideias relacionadas ao campo da neurociência evolutiva em geral, principalmente em relação às origens comportamentais, aspectos sociais e emocionais de nossa espécie tratadas pelo autor. Assim, entendemos que este livro traz importantes aspectos sobre os temas propostos, cumprindo uma dupla função, primeiro, atuando como instrumento de disseminação da ciência ao público leigo; segundo, trazendo à discussão importantes reflexões sobre neurociência evolutiva, para a comunidade acadêmica e científica.
HIERARCHY OF URBAN PLANNING COMPOSITIONS OF DIFFERENT SCALES IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE HISTORICAL CENTER OF ST. PETERSBURG
Authors: Markushev S.
Published: April 2020

The article considers the urban planning structure of the historical center of St. Petersburg as a hierarchy of ensembles. Urban ensemble compositions in the study are systematized regardless of their scale. The introduction presents the main problems of perceiving the city center as a system of interconnected ensembles. A brief review of relevant studies, domestic and foreign, is offered addressing the problems of the compositional and spatial structure organization of the city. The plan of J.-B.-A. Leblon 1717 as an example of a holistic urban ensemble is analyzed. The features of the existing hierarchical relationships are traced through the example of one vertical connection: the composition of the historical center, the composition of the Admiralty-Moscow side, the composition of the Five Axes of the Admiralty, the composition of Nevsky Prospect, the composition of Kazan Cathedral. For visualization purposes, the text description is supplemented by a figure illustrating the nature of the hierarchical relationships of the compositions. A 5-level hierarchical model of the environment of the historical center of St. Petersburg is developed and presented in the form of a table with the scale frames of each of the levels. The characteristic of integrity is proposed as a justification for the grouping of ensembles by levels. The conclusions suggest the features of the hierarchy of urban planning composition of the historical center of St. Petersburg: multi-levelness, vertical interconnectedness, large ranges of scale, totality of distribution, uneven distribution, gradual historical development.
Philosophy and Ideals of Sri Narayana Guru
Authors: Malathi G
Published: April 2020

Sri Narayana Guru was one of the famous Philosophers in Indian society; he wants to uplift the lives of people from their problems, unwanted rituals, and customs. He intended to make full use of knowledge and made himself an instrument to correct the ills of the world. He got awakening during penance in the cave of Marutvamalai, near to Kanyakumari, his life and ambitions as well as the career of benevolence and prosperity were laid in his personality. He made the logical conclusion that there is only one caste – humanity, one religion – Humanism, and one God- the Universal Spirit. He started SNDP for the welfare of the people and motivated people to learn education, which is one of the solutions for development.
The Features of Madurai Meenakshi Amman Temple - A Study
Authors: Devi N Asha
Published: April 2020

Madurai “Athens of South India” occupies a pride of place in the Indian subcontinent. Its age-old history, cultural resources, and strategic location are the responsible factors for its growth as a tourist center. In the domain of the Hindu religion, Madurai occupies a unique place. Its popular deity Goddess Meenakshi is very famous. Madurai is the second biggest city in Tamilnadu, and it is located on the banks of river Vaigai. It is situated between 7°57’ and 11° 10’ and north latitude and 77° 50’ and 79° 85’ east longitude. Madurai has many names like Kudal Manager, Nanmadakkudal, and Tiruvalavai. Madurai is a well-planned city, just like Mohenjadaro. Meenakshi Amman Temple is located at the heart of the city. The temple is surrounded by streets named after Tamil months Adi, Avani, and Masi. Most of Sri Meenakshi Temple was built between the 13th and 19th centuries. This paper “the features of Madurai Meenakshi Amman Temple” deals with the features andcontribution of Thirumalai Nayak to the temple.
Concept of Time in Indian Astronomy
Authors: Rajarajeswari G
Published: April 2020

Time is an important tool for mankind. We follow it with clocks and calendars. It is very important to measure time, as it keeps track of the age of people, animals and anything around us. Measuring time is always relative and not absolute.The need for fixing proper time for performing rituals urged the astronomical quest in India..Astronomy is a science which plays a vital role in our day to day life.The Hindu Calendar is called Pañcāṅga. Pañcāṅga is a tool for knowing the movement and position of various celestial objects. It is used to calculate the auspicious timings of any day for performing the rituals.It is based on the positions of Sun and Moon.Calculation and measurement of time had been a need and an enigma for man from time immemorial. As time passed man used various methods and devices for its measurement. Man keeps improving upon his methods and devices.