bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Material Flow Analysis: Mapping Plastics Within the Fishing Sector in Norway
Authors: Deshpande Paritosh C. , Tippett Arron W.
Published: February 2023

Plastic in our marine environment is now ubiquitous. Abandoned lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) is of particular concern due to its ability to continue to function as a trap for marine organisms. In order for decision makers to act on this grave issue, we require data on the flow of ALDFG into the marine environment. One key tool for revealing the flow of material within a specific system is Material Flow Analysis (MFA). MFA takes a life cycle approach (cradle to grave) to assess energy or material flows in a system within space and time boundaries. It can be applied at multiple levels from the industrial process level to the national level. This chapter presents a case study of an MFA conducted on fishing gear in Norway. The MFA methodology was used in this case study to assess the flow of plastic fishing gear from production through to recycling, final disposal or loss to the marine environment. Data was collected for the MFA through stakeholder interviews, literature reviews and analysis of government data sets. The MFA revealed that around 4000 tons of plastic fishing gear enters the system in Norway and around 400 tons enter the marine environment each year. An analysis of the implications of the MFA for the key actors within the life cycle chain of fishing gear is presented and a short description of the links between MFA and the circular economy and sustainable development is provided. Furthermore, the relevance and implications of using MFA tool for policy making at national and regional level is discussed and elaborated while associated challenges are presented here.
A Transportation Planning Decision Support System
Authors: Aspen Dina Margrethe
Published: February 2023

In this chapter, the CapSEM toolbox is explored, applied, and evaluated in the context of transportation planning and policy-making. Transportation system elements are analyzed across all four CapSEM levels to identify relevant tools to utilize in decision support systems to address sustainability in the sector. The toolbox is applied to a strategic transportation planning case study. The application demonstrates how the framework may be used to structure and stack models across system and performance levels to handle transportation modeling and stakeholder complexity.
First Steps Towards Sustainable Waste Management
Authors: Solevåg Øystein Peder
Published: February 2023

Waste management started off as a public health issue. Today, the waste business is an important force in developing sustainable development and circular economy. New policies and regulations represent an opportunity for circularity, but there is still a long way to go in achieving a truly circular economy. The Circularity Gap Report 2020 indicated that the global economy is only 8,6 % circular. Industrial ecology and material flow analysis are important tools, not only for developing local and regional waste solutions, but also in the development of new global circular business models. In the Ålesund region, new sorting measures have increased recycling, from 32 % in 2017 to 45 % in 2019. New measures will be needed to reach national targets set for 2025. As the current global use of resources is unsustainable, and as current waste business models are insufficient to achieve circular economy, the next decade is likely to experience a rapid innovation of new business models challenging traditional waste management companies. This chapter presents data collected during a case study conducted in 2020.
Sustainable Development Goals and the CapSEM Model
Authors: Fet Annik Magerholm , Knudson Haley , Keitsch Martina
Published: February 2023

This chapter discusses the links between Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the CapSEM Model. It suggests placing these SDGs along the four Levels of the model to serve as a starting point for organizations’ engagement with the goals and their objectives. The location of SDGs in the nested system perspective or ‘wedding cake model’ according to Griggs et al. (Nature 495:305–307, 2013) and later Rockström and Sukhdev (New way of viewing the sustainable development goals and how they are all linked to food. Stockholm Resilience Centre/Stockholm University, 2016) situates the economic system within the societal system, which is situated within the system of the biosphere and helps to conceptualize the interconnections between SDGs and the dimensions of sustainability. Taking a similar systems thinking approach, the CapSEM Model situates sustainability and environmental management methods and tools within the systems of business operation and production. Extending and merging these two perspectives, the SDGs are placed along the CapSEM Model to provide a point of engagement for organizations to align their activities with SDG objectives.
Cystitis glandularis en pelvic lipomatosis
Authors: Oude Elferink Puck
Published: February 2023

Samenvatting

Cystitis glandularis is een benigne aandoening van de blaas waarbij de mucosa proliferatieve veranderingen ondergaat ten gevolge van inflammatoire of irritatieve factoren en die is geassocieerd met obstructieve mictie. Cystitis glandularis wordt vaker gezien in de aanwezigheid van blaascarcinomen, maar of het als premaligne aandoening beschouwd moet worden, is niet duidelijk. Deze vorm van cystitis wordt ook gezien bij 40% van patiënten met pelvic lipomatosis. Er is nog veel onduidelijk over deze zeldzame aandoening, maar het is bekend dat pelvic lipomatosis een risico geeft op obstructieve uropathie met hydronefrose en nierinsufficiëntie. Daarom is het belangrijk dat urologen deze aandoening tijdig (her)kennen en patiënten met deze diagnose opvolgen.
COVID-19 and Dispute Resolution in China: Trends in Arbitration and Litigation
Authors: Huang Kai-Shen , Shen Enhui , Prusinowska Monika , Ma Ji , Łągiewska Magdalena
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic is reshaping the landscape of Chinese dispute resolution. The aim of this article is to outline China's various approaches to such development in times of global pandemic. The article primarily examines the features of online arbitration in China with a special focus on the significance of party autonomy and the authority of the tribunal in handling virtual hearings. This trend prompts the question as to whether virtual hearings and the use of digital technology ensure the protection of data and privacy. Further, the article analyses the impacts of online dispute resolution on litigation and different sets of new rules adopted in China to handle online hearings. It concludes that China successfully addressed most of the raised questions in terms of data and privacy protection, and that the processes through which dispute resolution becomes increasingly digitalised seems to be an irreversible trend that warrants further research into its consequences.
Maturity in enterprise data warehouses for research operations: Analysis of a pilot study
Authors: Knosp Boyd M. , Dorr David A. , Campion Thomas R.
Published: February 2023

Enterprise data warehouses for research (EDW4R) is a critical component of National Institutes of Health Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) hubs. EDW4R operations have unique needs that require specialized skills and collaborations across multiple domains which limit the ability to apply existing models of information technology (IT) performance. Because of this uniqueness, we developed a new EDW4R maturity model based on prior qualitative study of operational practices for supporting EDW4Rs at CTSA hubs. In a pilot study, respondents from fifteen CTSA hubs completed the novel EDW4R maturity index survey by rating 33 maturity statements across 6 categories using a 5-point Likert scale. Of the six categories, respondents rated workforce as most mature (4.17 [3.67–4.42]) and relationship with enterprise IT as the least mature (3.00 [2.80–3.80]). Our pilot of a novel maturity index shows a baseline quantitative measure of EDW4R functions across fifteen CTSA hubs. The maturity index may be useful to faculty and staff currently leading an EDW4R by creating opportunities to explore the index in local context and comparison to other institutions.
Super Bowl LVI: Coordinating the Joint Information Center
Authors: Cadet Janine , Sutherlin Soraya , Burke Rita V.
Published: February 2023

Objective:

The Super Bowl is one of the biggest annual sporting events that creates unique challenges for public health preparedness. The objective of this brief is to discuss the successes and challenges of the Joint Information Center (JIC) during Super Bowl LVI.

Methods:

This study analyzed the JIC within 4 realms: pre-activation planning, public safety and alert messaging, communication, and credentialing and access.

Results:

Pre-activation planning was not attended by all agencies, which made it difficult for effective communication during the activation period. Innovative platforms and social media themes were successfully deployed to enhance inter-operational communications and public safety messaging. Lastly, delayed credentialing and access to the Super Bowl Stadium decreased the ability to have context to safety preparedness.

Conclusions:

This study recommends that many of the JIC’s successes should be translated to future mass-gathering events. Additionally, we urge that all agencies participate during pre-activation and activation periods to enhance safety operations and communications moving forward.
Investigation of a Mycobacterium fortuitum catheter-related bloodstream infection in an oncology unit
Authors: Faury Hélène B. , Awad Zeina , Jolivet Sarah , Le Neindre Killian , Couturier Jeanne , Godmer Alexandre , Colle Raphaël , Levi Laura I. , Cambau Emmanuelle , Barbut Frédéric
Published: February 2023

We describe a case of healthcare-associated bloodstream infection due to Mycobacterium fortuitum. Whole-genome sequencing showed that the same strain was isolated from the shared shower water of the unit. Nontuberculous mycobacteria frequently contaminate hospital water networks. Preventative actions are needed to reduce the exposure risk for immunocompromised patients.
Growth and stability of bubbles in a yield stress fluid
Authors: Daneshi M. , Frigaard I.A.
Published: February 2023

Experiments are reported that explore the onset of motion of bubbles in a model yield stress fluid, Carbopol gel. Starting from a trapped spherical bubble in a gel, the yielding limit for the bubble motion is obtained by gradually expanding the bubble via a stepwise decrease in pressure. Our results show that at the yielding limit bubbles are longer and thinner when they are in a higher concentrated gel. This is suggestive of a link between the shape and size of the bubbles at the onset of motion and the rheology of the material, in particular elastic behaviour below the yielding point. Particular attention has been paid to investigating the dynamic response of gel during the bubble growth. Subjecting the bubble to a periodic change in the pressure confirms the irreversibility of the gel deformation and its hysteresis, which are hallmarks of nonlinear viscoelastic behaviour of the gel before yielding. In this context, the periodic expansion and contraction of the bubbles leave residual deformation (stresses) in the gel which facilitates the liberation of bubbles.
Small-scale intermittency of premixed turbulent flames
Authors: Roy Amitesh , Picardo Jason R. , Emerson Benjamin , Lieuwen Tim C. , Sujith R.I.
Published: February 2023

Premixed turbulent flames, encountered in power generation and propulsion engines, are an archetype of a randomly advected, self-propagating surface. While such a flame is known to exhibit large-scale intermittent flapping, the possible intermittency of its small-scale fluctuations has been largely disregarded. Here, we experimentally reveal the inner intermittency of a premixed turbulent V-flame, while clearly distinguishing this small-scale feature from large-scale outer intermittency. From temporal measurements of the fluctuations of the flame, we find a frequency spectrum that has a power-law subrange with an exponent close to

$-2$

, which is shown to follow from Kolmogorov phenomenology. Crucially, however, the moments of the temporal increment of the flame position are found to scale anomalously, with exponents that saturate at higher orders. This signature of small-scale inner intermittency is shown to originate from high-curvature, cusp-like structures on the flame surface, which have significance for modelling the heat release rate and other key properties of premixed turbulent flames.
Causation or correlation: the chimera in section 11 of the Insurance Act 2015
Authors: Song Meixian
Published: February 2023

Prior to the Insurance Act 2015, an insurer could refuse payment by relying on terms unrelated to the manner in which the loss occurred, or with the assured's default. Section 11 of the Insurance Act 2015 reverses that and requires ‘the punishment to fit the crime’ by introducing a ‘could have increased the risk’ test, which is said to be a requirement for correlation between an assured's non-compliance with a risk clause and the actual occurrence of the loss. The new test effectively raises more profound causation issues from a practical point of view as regards insurance recoveries and also from a theoretical point of view of causation in the law. It is submitted that the test ‘could have increased the risk’ introduced by section 11 of the Insurance Act 2015 should be interpreted by an approach to recognising a nexus –a general causal relevance(general causation) – and adoptinginterpretationas a restricting tool, to achieve alignment with the legislative intent. In presenting this argument, this paper explores the difference between correlation and causation in the law, expounding a wider understanding of legal causation than causa proxima in the insurance context.
Ankylosaurian body armor function and evolution with insights from osteohistology and morphometrics of new specimens from the Late Cretaceous of Antarctica
Authors: Brum Arthur S. , Eleutério Lúcia H. S. , Simões Tiago R. , Whitney Megan R. , Souza Geovane A. , Sayão Juliana M. , Kellner Alexander W. A.
Published: February 2023

The body armor of ankylosaurians is a unique morphological feature among dinosaurs. While ankylosaurian body armor has been studied for decades, paleohistological analyses have only started to uncover the details of its function. Yet there has been an overall bias toward sampling ankylosaurian remains from the Northern Hemisphere, with limited quantitative studies on the morphological and functional evolution of the osteoderms composing their body armor. Here, we describe new ankylosaurian materials recovered from the Late Cretaceous of Antarctica that, in combination with data compiled from the literature, reveal new insights into the evolution of the ankylosaurian body armor. Based on histological microstructure and phylogenetic results, the new Antarctic material can be assigned to Nodosauridae. This group shares the absence/poor development of their osteodermal basal cortex and highly ordered sets of orthogonal structural fibers in the superficial cortex. Our morphospace analyses indicate that large morphological diversity is observed among both nodosaurids and ankylosaurids, but osteoderms became more functionally specialized in late-diverging nodosaurids. Besides acting as effective protection against predation, osteoderms also exhibit highly ordered structural fibers in nodosaurids, enabling a decrease in cortical bone thickness (as in titanosaurs), which could have been co-opted for secondary functions, such as calcium remobilization for physiological balance. The latter may have played a key role in nodosaurid colonization of high-latitude environments, such as Antarctica and the Arctic Circle.
Milliarcsecond structures of variable-peaked spectrum sources
Authors: Ross K. , Reynolds C. , Seymour N. , Callingham J. R. , Hurley-Walker N. , Bignall H.
Published: February 2023

Spectral variability offers a new technique to identify small scale structures from scintillation, as well as determining the absorption mechanism for peaked-spectrum (PS) radio sources. In this paper, we present very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) imaging using the long baseline array (LBA) of two PS sources, MRC 0225–065 and PMN J0322–4820, identified as spectrally variable from observations with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). We compare expected milliarcsecond structures based on the detected spectral variability with direct LBA imaging. We find MRC 0225–065 is resolved into three components, a bright core and two fainter lobes, roughly 430 pc projected separation. A comprehensive analysis of the magnetic field, host galaxy properties, and spectral analysis implies that MRC 0225–065 is a young radio source with recent jet activity over the last$10^2$–$10^3$yr. We find PMN J0322–4820 is unresolved on milliarcsecond scales. We conclude PMN J0322–4820 is a blazar with flaring activity detected in 2014 with the MWA. We use spectral variability to predict morphology and find these predictions consistent with the structures revealed by our LBA images.
Immunology and Population Health: Collaboration without Convergence
Authors: Fagan Melinda Bonnie
Published: February 2023

Immunology is a notoriously complex field with distinct concepts and terminology. Yet immunologists regularly and effectively collaborate with other researchers, notably clinicians and experts in population health. How does such “collaboration without convergence” work? This paper offers an answer. Immunology exhibits three features that support collaboration in the absence of major consensus on theories, methods, or concepts. These are a multifaceted target of inquiry, therapeutic aspirations, and a clear interdisciplinary pathway. Building on these features, I sketch a general account of “low-effort interdisciplinarity” and connect this result to recent work on population health.
What Can Volatility Smiles Tell Us About the Too Big to Fail Problem?
Authors: Ngo Phong T. H. , Puente-Moncayo Diego L.
Published: February 2023

We exploit the information content of option prices to construct a novel measure of bank tail risk. We document a persistent increase in tail risk for the U.S. banking industry following the global financial crisis, except for banks designated as systemically important by the Dodd–Frank Act. We show that this post-crisis difference in tail risk for large and small banks is consistent with the too-big-to-fail (TBTF) status of large banks being reinforced by the Dodd–Frank designation: Naming the banks whose failure could threaten the financial stability of the U.S. gave investors a list of banks the government deemed as TBTF.
Hosking integral in non-helical Hall cascade
Authors: Brandenburg Axel
Published: February 2023

The Hosking integral, which characterizes magnetic helicity fluctuations in subvolumes, is known to govern the decay of magnetically dominated turbulence. Here, we show that, when the evolution of the magnetic field is controlled by the motion of electrons only, as in neutron star crusts, the decay of the magnetic field is still controlled by the Hosking integral, but now it has effectively different dimensions than in ordinary magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. This causes the correlation length to increase with time$t$like$t^{4/13}$instead of$t^{4/9}$in MHD. The magnetic energy density decreases like$t^{-10/13}$, which is slower than in MHD, where it decays like$t^{-10/9}$. These new analytic results agree with earlier numerical simulations for the non-helical Hall cascade.
Taiwanese DNA versus Chinese DNA: Genetic science and identity politics across the Taiwan Straits
Authors: Cheng Yinghong
Published: February 2023

The article analyses how population genetics has impacted on nationalist discourses across the Taiwan Straits and affected the relationship between Taiwan and China since the 1990s. In Taiwan this cutting-edge science has helped to construct a native-based and Taiwan-centred national identity through promoting indigenous peoples’ rights, rejecting a blood-based, cross-Straits nationalism, and founding a pan-Pacific indigenous peoples’ community through genetic links and cultural affinity. In China, after subverting the nationalist myth of Peking Man (a Homo erectus group believed to be the common ancestor of the Chinese) by analysing genetic data, the same group of Chinese genetic scientists have constructed another nationalist myth of a genetically homogenous nationhood. Such a discourse not only valorizes Chinese nationalism through claiming a DNA-based Chineseness across ethnic distinctions but also asserts genetic links between China and Taiwan, therefore providing a ‘scientific’ basis for China’s nationalism in the new century.
Disrupted dynamic functional connectivity of hippocampal subregions mediated the slowed information processing speed in late-life depression
Authors: Chen Ben , Yang Mingfeng , Zhong Xiaomei , Wang Qiang , Zhou Huarong , Liu Meiling , Zhang Min , Hou Le , Wu Zhangying , Zhang Si , Lin Gaohong , Ning Yuping
Published: February 2023

Background

Slowed information processing speed (IPS) is the core contributor to cognitive impairment in patients with late-life depression (LLD). The hippocampus is an important link between depression and dementia, and it may be involved in IPS slowing in LLD. However, the relationship between a slowed IPS and the dynamic activity and connectivity of hippocampal subregions in patients with LLD remains unclear.

Methods

One hundred thirty-four patients with LLD and 89 healthy controls were recruited. Sliding-window analysis was used to assess whole-brain dynamic functional connectivity (dFC), dynamic fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (dfALFF) and dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHo) for each hippocampal subregion seed.

Results

Cognitive impairment (global cognition, verbal memory, language, visual–spatial skill, executive function and working memory) in patients with LLD was mediated by their slowed IPS. Compared with the controls, patients with LLD exhibited decreased dFC between various hippocampal subregions and the frontal cortex and decreased dReho in the left rostral hippocampus. Additionally, most of the dFCs were negatively associated with the severity of depressive symptoms and were positively associated with various domains of cognitive function. Moreover, the dFC between the left rostral hippocampus and middle frontal gyrus exhibited a partial mediation effect on the relationships between the scores of depressive symptoms and IPS.

Conclusions

Patients with LLD exhibited decreased dFC between the hippocampus and frontal cortex, and the decreased dFC between the left rostral hippocampus and right middle frontal gyrus was involved in the underlying neural substrate of the slowed IPS.
Self-annihilation in Marguerite Porete
Authors: Rea Michael
Published: February 2023

This article critically engages Christina Van Dyke's interpretation of ‘annihilation’ in Marguerite Porete's Mirror of Simple Souls. Van Dyke's interpretation – well in accord with the consensus line among Porete scholars – emphasizes the alienness of Porete's understanding of union with God, and so seemingly guts the challenge of Porete's text. In other words, if Porete is saying what Van Dyke takes her to be saying, it is no wonder that anyone would find her vision alien, her posited end of Christian life undesirable, and the challenge to attain it inert. In this article, I describe and defend an alternative reading of the Mirror, one that makes the goal of ‘self-annihilation’ surprisingly more palatable.
Transmission trends of the global COVID-19 pandemic with combined effects of adaptive behaviours and vaccination
Authors: Zhou Yuhao , Li Zhaowan , Wu Wei , Xiao Jianpeng , Ma Wenjun , Zhu Guanghu
Published: February 2023

We developed a mechanism model which allows for simulating the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) transmission dynamics with the combined effects of human adaptive behaviours and vaccination, aiming at predicting the end time of COVID-19 infection in global scale. Based on the surveillance information (reported cases and vaccination data) between 22 January 2020 and 18 July 2022, we validated the model by Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) fitting method. We found that (1) if without adaptive behaviours, the epidemic could sweep the world in 2022 and 2023, causing 3.098 billion of human infections, which is 5.39 times of current number; (2) 645 million people could be avoided from infection due to vaccination; and (3) in current scenarios of protective behaviours and vaccination, infection cases would increase slowly, levelling off around 2023, and it would end completely in June 2025, causing 1.024 billion infections, with 12.5 million death. Our findings suggest that vaccination and the collective protection behaviour remain the key determinants against the global process of COVID-19 transmission.
On notions of compactness, object classifiers, and weak Tarski universes
Authors: Stenzel Raffael
Published: February 2023

We prove a correspondence between
$\kappa$
-small fibrations in simplicial presheaf categories equipped with the injective or projective model structure (and left Bousfield localizations thereof) and relatively
$\kappa$
-compact maps in their underlying quasi-categories for suitably large regular cardinals
$\kappa$
. We thus obtain a transition result between weakly universal small fibrations in the (type-theoretic) injective Dugger–Rezk-style standard presentations of model toposes and object classifiers in Grothendieck
$\infty$
-toposes in the sense of Lurie.
Effect of carvacrol antioxidant capacity on oocyte maturation and embryo production in cattle
Authors: Morais A.N.P. , Lima L.F. , Silva A.F.B. , Lienou L.L. , Ferreira A.C.A. , Watanabe Y.F. , Joaquim D.C. , Alves B.G. , Pereira A.F. , Alves D.R. , Oliveira A.C. , Morais S.M. , Magalhães-Padilha D.M. , Figueiredo J.R. , Gastal E.L.
Published: February 2023

Carvacrol (C10H14O), an efficient phenolic antioxidant substance for several cell types, may become a useful antioxidant for female germ cells and embryo culture. This study investigates the effects of carvacrol supplementation on bovine oocytes in in vitro maturation (IVM) and embryo production. In total, 1222 cumulus–oocyte complexes were cultured in TCM-199+ alone (control treatment) or supplemented with carvacrol at the concentrations of 3 µM (Carv-3), 12.5 µM (Carv-12.5), or 25 µM (Carv-25). After IVM, the oocytes were subjected to in vitro fertilization and embryo production, and the spent medium post-IVM was used for evaluating the levels of reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant capacity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate and 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiozoline-6-sulphonic acid quantification). A greater (P < 0.05) antioxidant potential was observed in the spent medium of all carvacrol-treated groups compared with the control medium. Moreover, the addition of carvacrol to the maturation medium did not affect (P > 0.05) blastocyst production on days 7 and 10 of culture; however, the total number of cells per blastocyst was reduced (P < 0.05) in two carvacrol-treated groups (Carv-3 and Carv-25). In conclusion, carvacrol demonstrated a high antioxidant capacity in the spent medium after oocyte maturation; however, although embryo production was not affected, in general, carvacrol addition to IVM medium reduced the total number of cells per blastocyst. Therefore, due to the high antioxidant capacity of carvacrol, new experiments are warranted to investigate the beneficial effects of lower concentrations of carvacrol on embryo production in cattle and other species.
SMITH AT 300: ADAM SMITH AND THE IDEA OF “POLICE”
Authors: Cunha Alexandre Mendes
Published: February 2023

“The more opulent therefore the society, labour will always be so much the dearer and work so much the cheaper, and if some opulent countries have lost several of their manufactures and some branches of their commerce by having been undersold in foreign markets by the traders and artisans of poorer countries, who were contented with less profit and smaller wages, this will rarely be found to have been merely the effect of the opulence of the one country and the poverty of the other. Some other cause, we may be assured, must have concurred. The rich country must have been guilty of some great error in its police.”

ED 2.12–2.13
Nutritional quality of children’s menus in restaurants: does cuisine type matter?
Authors: Trapp Gina SA , Reid Natasha , Hickling Siobhan , Bivoltsis Alexia , Mandzufas Joelie , Howard Justine
Published: February 2023

Objective:

It is unknown whether the nutritional quality of children’s menus varies depending on the cuisine type. This study aimed to investigate differences in the nutritional quality of children’s menus by cuisine type in restaurants located in Perth, Western Australia (WA).

Design:

Cross-sectional study

Setting:

Perth, WA.

Participants:

Children’s menus (n 139) from the five most prevalent restaurant cuisine types in Perth (i.e. Chinese, Modern Australian, Italian, Indian and Japanese) were assessed using the Children’s Menu Assessment Tool (CMAT; range -5–21 with lower scores denoting lower nutritional quality) and the Food Traffic Light system, evaluated against Healthy Options WA Food and Nutrition Policy recommendations. Non-parametric ANOVA was used to test for a significant difference in total CMAT scores among cuisine types.

Results:

Total CMAT scores were low for all cuisine types (range -2–5), with a significant difference between cuisine types (Kruskal–Wallis H = 58·8, P < 0·001). The highest total CMAT score by cuisine type was Modern Australian (mean = 2·27, sd = 1·41) followed by Italian (mean = 2·02, sd = 1·02), Japanese (mean = 1·80, sd = 2·39), Indian (mean = 0·30, sd = 0·97) and Chinese (mean = 0·07, sd = 0·83). When using the Food Traffic Light for assessment, Japanese cuisine had the highest percentage of green food items (44 %), followed by Italian (42 %), Modern Australian (38 %), Indian (17 %) and Chinese (14 %).

Conclusions:

Overall, the nutritional quality of children’s menus was poor regardless of cuisine type. However, children’s menus from Japanese, Italian and Modern Australian restaurants scored better in terms of nutritional quality than children’s menus from Chinese and Indian restaurants.
A LOCAL PROJECTION STABILIZATION FOR CONVECTION–DIFFUSION–REACTION EQUATIONS USING BIORTHOGONAL SYSTEMS
Authors: LAMICHHANE BISHNU P. , SHAW-CARMODY JORDAN A.
Published: February 2023

We consider a local projection stabilization based on biorthogonal systems for convection–diffusion–reaction differential equations with mixed boundary conditions. The approach based on biorthogonal systems is numerically more efficient than other existing approaches to obtain a uniform approximation for convection dominated problems. We prove optimal a priori error estimates for the proposed numerical technique. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance of the approach.
Identifying the palliative care needs of frail, older, housebound patients in the community: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hentsch Lisa , Pereira Cristiana , Pinon Nathalie , Tahar Aurélie , Pautex Sophie
Published: February 2023

Background

The early introduction of palliative care can have a positive impact on the quality of life of patients suffering from life-limiting diseases. However, the palliative care needs of older, frail, housebound patients are still mostly unknown, as is the impact of frailty on the importance of these needs.

Objectives

To identify the palliative care needs of frail, older, housebound patients in the community.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional observational study. This study took place in a single primary care center and included patients who were ≥65 years old, housebound, followed by the Geriatric Community Unit of the Geneva University Hospitals.

Results

Seventy-one patients completed the study. Most patients were female (56.9%), and mean age (SD) was 81.1 (±7.9). The Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale mean (SD) score was higher in frail patients as opposed to vulnerable patients for tiredness (p = 0.016), drowsiness (p = 0.0196), loss of appetite (p = 0.0124), and impaired feeling of well-being (p = 0.0132). There was no difference in spiritual well-being, measured by the spiritual scale subgroup of the Functional Assessment of the Chronic Illness Therapy–Spiritual Well-Being scale (FACIT-sp) between frail and vulnerable participants, although scores in both groups were low. Caregivers were mainly spouses (45%) and daughters (27.5%) with a mean (SD) age of 70.7 (±13.6). The overall carer–burden measured by the Mini-Zarit was low.

Significance of results

Older, frail, housebound patients have specific needs that differ from non-frail patients and should guide future palliative care provision. How and when palliative care should be provided to this population remains to be determined.
Martian Ozone Observed by TGO/NOMAD‐UVIS Solar Occultation: An Inter‐Comparison of Three Retrieval Methods
Authors: Piccialli A. , Vandaele A. C. , Willame Y. , Määttänen A. , Trompet L. , Erwin J. T. , Daerden F. , Neary L. , Aoki S. , Viscardy S. , Thomas I. R. , Depiesse C. , Ristic B. , Mason J. P. , Patel M. R. , Wolff M. J. , Khayat A. S. J. , Bellucci G. , Lopez‐Moreno J.‐J.
Published: February 2023

The NOMAD‐UVIS instrument on board the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter has been investigating the Martian atmosphere with the occultation technique since April 2018. Here, we analyze almost two Mars Years of ozone vertical distributions acquired at the day‐night terminator. The ozone retrievals proved more difficult than expected due to spurious detections of ozone caused by instrumental effects, high dust content, and very low values of ozone. This led us to compare the results from three different retrieval approaches: (a) an onion peeling method, (b) a full occultation Optimal Estimation Method, and (c) a direct onion peeling method. The three methods produce consistently similar results, especially where ozone densities are higher. The main challenge was to find reliable criteria to exclude spurious detections of O3, and we finally adopted two criteria for filtering: (a) a detection limit, and (b) the Δχ2 criterion. Both criteria exclude spurious O3 values especially near the perihelion (180° < Ls < 340°), where up to 98% of ozone detections are filtered out, in agreement with general circulation models, that expect very low values of ozone in this season. Our agrees well with published analysis of the NOMAD‐UVIS data set, as we confirm the main features observed previously, that is, the high‐altitude ozone peak around 40 km at high latitudes. The filtering approaches are in good agreement with those implemented for the SPICAM/MEx observations and underline the need to evaluate carefully the quality of ozone retrievals in occultations.
Noise effects on purity and quantum entanglement in terms of physical implementability
Authors: Guo Yuchen , Yang Shuo
Published: February 2023

Quantum decoherence due to imperfect manipulation of quantum devices is a key issue in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. Standard analyses in quantum information and quantum computation use error rates to parameterize quantum noise channels. However, there is no explicit relation between the decoherence effect induced by a noise channel and its error rate. In this work, we propose to characterize the decoherence effect of a noise channel by the physical implementability of its inverse, which is a universal parameter quantifying the difficulty to simulate the noise inverse with accessible quantum channels. We establish two concise inequalities connecting the decrease of the state purity and logarithmic negativity after a noise channel to the physical implementability of the noise inverse, which is required to be decomposed as mutually orthogonal unitaries or product channels respectively. Our results are numerically demonstrated on several commonly adopted two-qubit noise models. We believe that these relations contribute to the theoretical research on the entanglement properties of noise channels and provide guiding principles for quantum circuit design.
Low-data interpretable deep learning prediction of antibody viscosity using a biophysically meaningful representation
Authors: Rai Brajesh K. , Apgar James R. , Bennett Eric M.
Published: February 2023

Deep learning, aided by the availability of big data sets, has led to substantial advances across many disciplines. However, many scientific problems of practical interest lack sufficiently large datasets amenable to deep learning. Prediction of antibody viscosity is one such problem where deep learning methods have not yet been explored due to the relative scarcity of relevant training data. In this work, we overcome this limitation using a biophysically meaningful representation that enables us to develop generalizable models even under limited training data. We present, PfAbNet-viscosity, a 3D convolutional neural network architecture, to predict high-concentration viscosity of therapeutic antibodies. We show that with the electrostatic potential surface of the antibody variable region as the only input to the network, the models trained on as few as couple dozen datapoints can generalize with high accuracy. Our feature attribution analysis shows that PfAbNet-viscosity has learned key biophysical drivers of viscosity. The applicability of our approach to other biological systems is discussed.
Articulatory effects on perceptions of men’s status and attractiveness
Authors: Karthikeyan Sethu , Puts David A. , Aung Toe , Link Jennifer K. , Rosenfield Kevin , Mackiel Alexander , Casey Allisen , Marks Kaelyn , Cristo Michele , Patel Jenny , Santos Aliza , Geher Glenn
Published: February 2023

Research on heterosexual mating has demonstrated that acoustic parameters (e.g., pitch) of men’s voices influence their attractiveness to women and appearance of status and formidability to other men. However, little is known about how men’s tendency to clearly articulate their speech influences these important social perceptions. In the current study, we used a repeated-measures design to investigate how men’s articulatory clarity or conformity influenced women’s (N = 45) evaluations of men’s attractiveness for both short- and long-term relationships, and men's (N = 46) evaluations of physical formidability and prestige. Results largely supported our hypotheses: men who enunciated phonemes more distinctly were more attractive to women for long-term relationships than short-term relationships and were perceived by other men to have higher prestige than physical dominance. These findings suggest that aspects of articulatory behavior that influence perceptions of prestige and long-term mating attractiveness may indicate an early social history characterized by high socioeconomic status, likely owing to crystallization of articulatory patterns during the critical period of language development. These articulatory patterns may also be honest signals of condition or disposition owing to the nature of complex, multicomponent traits, which deserve further empirical attention.
Design and operation of high-power permanent magnet speed regulator used in industry
Authors: Lu Yimin , Wang Xiangdong , Yang Chunlai , Shao Long , Zhu Hui , Wang Aike , Xu ManMan
Published: February 2023

A high-power permanent magnet speed regulator is applied to a cooling water pump for conserving energy during the steel production in Magang (Group) Holding Co., Ltd. The designed setup of high-power permanent magnet speed regulator with a mobile base is shown in this manuscript, and the magnetic eddy under the different meshing area between driving and driven shafts has been simulated. And estimation indicates that the magnet speed regulator-controlled cooling water pump can save electric energy by 22%, about 1,756,400 kW·h per year, compared to the traditional valve-controlled pump, and the waste heat generated by this setup is below 5 ten-thousandths of the shaft power. Meanwhile, the permanent magnet speed regulator has a much lower vibration because of this non-contact way between the driving and driven shafts.
Unsupervised anomaly detection with generative adversarial networks in mammography
Authors: Park Seungju , Lee Kyung Hwa , Ko Beomseok , Kim Namkug
Published: February 2023

Breast cancer is a common cancer among women, and screening mammography is the primary tool for diagnosing this condition. Recent advancements in deep-learning technologies have triggered the implementation of research studies via mammography. Semi-supervised or unsupervised methods are often used to overcome the limitations of supervised learning, such as manpower and time, for labeling in clinical situations where abnormal data are significantly lacking. Accordingly, we proposed a generative model that uses a state-of-the-art generative network (StyleGAN2) to create high-quality synthetic mammographic images and an anomaly detection method to detect breast cancer on mammograms in unsupervised methods. The generation model was trained via only normal mammograms and breast cancer classification was performed via anomaly detection using 50 breast cancer and 50 normal mammograms that did not overlap with the dataset for generative model learning. Our generative model has shown comparable fidelity to real images, and the anomaly detection method via this generative model showed high sensitivity, demonstrating its potential for breast cancer screening. This method could differentiate between normal and cancer-positive mammogram and help overcome the weakness of current supervised methods.
Efficient breast cancer mammograms diagnosis using three deep neural networks and term variance
Authors: Elkorany Ahmed S. , Elsharkawy Zeinab F.
Published: February 2023

Breast cancer (BC) is spreading more and more every day. Therefore, a patient's life can be saved by its early discovery. Mammography is frequently used to diagnose BC. The classification of mammography region of interest (ROI) patches (i.e., normal, malignant, or benign) is the most crucial phase in this process since it helps medical professionals to identify BC. In this paper, a hybrid technique that carries out a quick and precise classification that is appropriate for the BC diagnosis system is proposed and tested. Three different Deep Learning (DL) Convolution Neural Network (CNN) models—namely, Inception-V3, ResNet50, and AlexNet—are used in the current study as feature extractors. To extract useful features from each CNN model, our suggested method uses the Term Variance (TV) feature selection algorithm. The TV-selected features from each CNN model are combined and a further selection is performed to obtain the most useful features which are sent later to the multiclass support vector machine (MSVM) classifier. The Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) image database was used to test the effectiveness of the suggested method for classification. The mammogram's ROI is retrieved, and image patches are assigned to it. Based on the results of testing several TV feature subsets, the 600-feature subset with the highest classification performance was discovered. Higher classification accuracy (CA) is attained when compared to previously published work. The average CA for 70% of training is 97.81%, for 80% of training, it is 98%, and for 90% of training, it reaches its optimal value. Finally, the ablation analysis is performed to emphasize the role of the proposed network’s key parameters.
Preserved ratio impaired spirometry with or without restrictive spirometric abnormality
Authors: Miura Shinichiro , Iwamoto Hiroshi , Omori Keitaro , Yamaguchi Kakuhiro , Sakamoto Shinjiro , Horimasu Yasushi , Masuda Takeshi , Miyamoto Shintaro , Nakashima Taku , Fujitaka Kazunori , Hamada Hironobu , Yokoyama Akihito , Hattori Noboru
Published: February 2023

Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is defined by reduced FEV1 with a preserved FEV1/FVC ratio; some individuals with PRISm can also have restrictive ventilatory abnormality. The aim of this study was to clarify clinical features of restrictive and non-restrictive PRISm. In total, 11,246 participants (mean, 49.1 years; range, 35–65 years) from five healthcare centres were included in this study. We evaluated baseline characteristics of participants with restrictive PRISm (FEV1/FVC ≥ 0.7, FEV1 < 80% and FVC < 80%) and non-restrictive PRISm (FEV1/FVC ≥ 0.7, FEV1 < 80% and FVC ≥ 80%), and airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC < 0.7). We examined the longitudinal risk of developing airflow obstruction by comparing spirometry results at baseline and 5 years post-baseline among 2141 participants. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that a history of asthma or smoking could constitute an independent risk factor for non-restrictive PRISm, and that non-restrictive PRISm was independently associated with the risk of developing airflow obstruction. In contrast, female sex, advanced age, and high BMI, but not history of asthma or smoking, were risk factors for restrictive PRISm. Restrictive PRISm was not associated with the development of airflow obstruction. In conclusion, our results indicate that PRISm can be categorized according to the presence or absence of restrictive abnormality. Non-restrictive PRISm, which does not meet the conventional criteria of obstructive and restrictive ventilatory abnormalities, may be a precursor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and merits increased monitoring.
Entanglement transmission due to the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction
Authors: Motamedifar Mostafa , Sadeghi Fatemeh , Golshani Mojtaba
Published: February 2023

We revisited the effectiveness of state and entanglement transmission through a spin-chain-based quantum channel while altering the system parameters and the channel’s initial state. Our research is focused on the spin-1/2 XX chain with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction and the aim is to measure entanglement dynamics between different part of the chain. The speed of entanglement propagation is utilized to probe the evolution of the system via three scenarios: (i) pure Heisenberg interaction, (ii) pure DM interaction, and (iii) collaboration of both types of couplings. To accomplish this, we employ the fermionization approach to obtain an exact solution to the problem. Aside from investigating the influence of magnetic interaction type on entanglement transfer, the effect of selecting the initial state has also been studied. As a result, we discovered that the phase factor regulating the system’s initial state induces sharp drops in the propagation speed of entanglement. We also showed how to predict the location of these dramatic drops using the language of wave interference. In addition, the fastest transmission occurs at a special value of the phase factor in which the highest amount of entanglement reaches the system’s different pairs. On the other hand, we observe a continuous and flat range of this factor in which the least amount of entanglement is transmitted and for them we have a sharp drop in the speed profile.
Synthesis of highly substituted isoquinolines/isoquinolones by ruthenium (ii)-catalyzed reaction of benzyl/α-methyl benzyl/benzoyl isocyanates with diaryl alkynes
Authors: Kumar Amrendra , Jaiswal Shubham , Tadigoppula Narender
Published: February 2023

Ru(ii)-catalyzed novel method developed for the synthesis of highly substituted isoquinolines/isoquinolones.
Halogen-bonded liquid-crystalline complexes formed from 4-alkoxyphenylpyridines with iodine and with interhalogens
Authors: McAllister Linda J. , Taylor James , Pridmore Natalie E. , McEllin Alice J. , Whitwood Adrian C. , Karadakov Peter B. , Bruce Duncan W.
Published: February 2023

Strongly halogen-bonded complexes form between 4-alkoxyphenyl-4-pyridines and iodine as well as the interhalogens ICl and IBr. Examples are characterised by single crystal X-ray crystallography and most complexes show a liquid-crystalline SmA phase.