bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The historical researches and cognitivistics: The latest trends and traditional paradoxes
Authors: Хазина А.В. , Софронова Л.В.
Published: August 2022

В статье дается краткий обзор нескольких исследовательских проектов, осуществляемых в рамках нового интердисциплинарного пространства – когнитивных наук, в их взаимодействии с различными гуманитарными дисциплинами: египтология, медиевистика, антропология, лингвистика и др. Анализируются некоторые методологические проблемы и концептуальные прорывы именно таких «граничных» исследований. Прослеживаются закономерности, характерные для междисциплинарных исследований не только в пределах гуманитарных дисциплин, но и на «границах» между гуманитаристикой и «естественными науками». Подчеркивается продуктивность «взаимных интервенций» когнитивистики и гуманитаристики, которая способствует преодолению «атомизма» как внутри наук гуманитарного цикла, так и на «фронтирах» между ними и естественно-научными дисциплинами.

The article provides a brief overview of several modern research projects carried out within the framework of the new interdisciplinary field - cognitive sciences in their interaction with various humanitarian disciplines: Egyptology, medieval studies, anthropology, linguistics, etc. Some methodological problems and conceptual breakthroughs of such “frontier” studies are analyzed. The authors try to emphasize some features of interdisciplinary research not only within the humanitarian disciplines, but also on the "boundaries" between the humanities and STEM (Science, Technologies, Engineering, Mathematics). Despite of some discrepancy of such interdisciplinary researches, they also show a great productivity of “mutual interventions” between the cognitive science and humanities, a kind of reciprocity, which contributes to overcoming “atomism” both within the humanities and on the “frontiers” between humanities and STEM.
Atkinson, a Rootknot and Fusarium Wilt Resistant Tomato Variety of the Rutgers Class
Authors: Greenleaf Walter H.
Published: August 2022

‘Atkinson’, a rootknot nematode and Fusarium wilt resistant tomato variety, probably the first of the Rutgers class to bs released to the public, was named in honor of George F. Atkinson who first described the life cycle of the rootknot nematode at Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Auburn University) in 1889 (1).
Reduction of Fruit Drop by Navel Oranges with Antioxidant Dusts and Girdling12
Authors: Thompson C. R. , Taylor O. C.
Published: August 2022

Premature fruit drop by navel oranges at an early stage of development is indicated to be one of the effects caused by photochemical air pollutants in the Los Angeles Basin (9). Both “weather fleck” of tobacco and “stipple” of grape leaves have also been shown by Heggestad and Middleton (3) and Richards, Middleton and Hewitt (8), respectively, to be caused by ozone, one of the members of the photochemical oxidant complex.
Sex Ratio in Ilex opaca Ait.12
Authors: Clark Robert B. , Orton Elwin R.
Published: August 2022

A population of 1945 seedlings of Ilex opaca Ait. was observed for a period of seven years after field planting. Sex determinations were obtained for 1930 of the seedlings. In general, the staminate plants flowered at an earlier age than did the pistillate plants. However, staminate and pistillate plants were found to occur with equal frequency (1.03/1.00).
Leaf Spot Control on Quince Understocks Increases Stand of Dwarf Pear1
Authors: Bauske R. J. , Buchholtz W. F.
Published: August 2022

In 1962 an Iowa nursery had almost no dwarf pear trees growing from the previous season’s budding. This exceptionally poor stand was attributed to lack of bud take on the quince understock, Cydania oblonga Mill. During the previous summer the understock block had suffered extensive earlv defoliation as a result of infection by the leaf spot fungus, Fabraea maculata Atk. (1). Poor bud take in pear has been linked to early defoliation and subsequent hardening of the understock wood (2). The effect of preventing defoliation by leaf spot on success of budding pear on quince was investigated.
No Simazine Residues in Pecan Nuts
Authors: Worley Ray R. , Harmon S. A.
Published: August 2022

Many pecan groves throughout the south are grazed for pasture. Simazine at 3 lb/A is recommended for pastures, but the amount of residue accumulating in pecan nuts grown in pastures treated with this herbicide is not known. In this study rates of 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 lb/A of active Simazine was applied as a spray underneath the canopy of approximately 40-year old Stuart pecan trees on March 16, 1963 while trees were dormant. Two replications were used. On November 14, a 10 lb nut sample was collected from each tree and analyzed by the Geigy Research laboratories. All samples contained less than 0.04 ppm of Simazine in both shells and kernels, which is considered essentially no residue. No damage to the trees was noticed.
Comparison of Some Biochemical Constituents of EM IX and XVI Bark
Authors: Martin George C. , Williams Max W.
Published: August 2022

One of the more effective means of developing a smaller than standard apple tree is to graft the desired variety onto East Mailing (EM) IX rootstock. This combination results in a tree from 1/3 to 1/2 standard size. A decisive explanation for the mechanism of dwarfing by EM IX has not appeared in the literature. Of the suggested factors which might result in dwarfing by EM IX rootstock, those which involve organic constituents appear to be most plausible. It has been shown that EM IX is not deficient in fat, starch, reducing sugars, and disaccharides (3, 10). Also there is evidence to indicate that neither the root system (11) nor water (4) is limiting the growth of a dwarfing rootstock.
Time of Differentiation of Peel Qualities in Shamouti Orange
Authors: Patt J. , Ahroni M. , Benor J.
Published: August 2022

Peel quality differentiation in Shamouti Orange was apparent about a month after fruit set, and little change occurred afterwards, through the main growth season (July-January). Conditions prior to July appear to have a major influence on peel qualities.
Reception of the Light Stimulus for Cold Acclimation in Cornus stolonifera Michx1
Authors: Hurst C. , Hall T. C. , Weiser C. ].
Published: August 2022

Since the acclimation of woody perennial plants to low temperatures is an active and annual phenomenon, it is probable that the onset of this process is triggered by fairly specific stimuli. Shortening days in autumn and possible concommitant changes in light quality could well be among the major stimulators triggering cold hardening in plants.
Withholding Phosphorus as a Conservation Measure for Vegetable Plants
Authors: Kohl Harry C. , Nelson R. L.
Published: August 2022

Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that plants in the vegetative state would not succumb as rapidly to low light intensities if they had no phosphorous available as the resulting restriction in growth would permit stored photosynthate to be available for plant maintenance. The first used Peperomia obtusifolia ‘Variegata’ as the test plant. The rooted cuttings were received on December 22, 1965, and potted in propagator’s sand. They were grown in sand cultures to the surface of which a mineral nutrient solution was applied daily with the leachate allowed to drain away. The mineral nutrient solution contained in millimoles per liter, 5, 6, 1, and 1 of Ca(NO3)2, KNO3, KH2PO4, and Mg-SO4, respectively. Two ppm of Fe were added as a chelate (Fe 138) and trace elements were added as usual for a solution culture according to the recipe of Hoagland.
Views on Accreditation
Authors: Dasmann Raymond F.
Published: August 2022

After reviewing the long history of the experiences of the Society of American Foresters on the subject of accreditation, I have concluded that there are no new approaches, only restatements of old ideas.
Desirable Features of Accreditation for Horticulture
Authors: Mohr Hubert C.
Published: August 2022

The most desirable feature of proposing an accreditation program for horticulture may be that of making horticulturists more acutely aware of the serious problems that must be solved if education in their professional field is to continue at the university level. There is entirely too much complacency in our profession. The steadily increasing emphasis upon research has resulted in an indifference, if not an actual opposition, toward the undergraduate teaching program in a number of Land Grant institutions. This now seems to be extending to the master’s degree program, in some cases, with only the PhD program carrying prestige in the teaching area of horticulture. It seems pertinent to raise such questions as these: where will our future PhD candidates receive the motivation to become professional horticulturists? Can we expect to continue to have both the quantity and quality of graduate students we need without strong undergraduate programs?
What Accreditation Has Meant to Landscape Architecture
Authors: Osmundson Theodore
Published: August 2022

Eight years ago I became a member of the Committee on Education of the American Society of Landscape Architects which is the accreditating body for the profession of landscape architecture. I served on that Committee for four years and went on a number of accrediting visits to various schools of landscape architecture. During the last four years I have engaged in other activities for the Society, but one of the most important was the study of the Committee on Education itself with a view toward improving its functions and to relieve some of the criticisms which were coming from various schools throughout the country. So I am quite familiar with accreditation in this field and am extremely interested in it. I feel that this is one of the most important activities in which the AS LA is involved today — the improvement of education.
Changes in Titratable Acidity of Tomato Fruits Subjected to Low Temperatures12
Authors: Hall C. B.
Published: August 2022

The titratable acidity of the locular and pericap portions of tomato fruits (incipient color stage) was determined before and after storage at 38°, 45°, or 50°F for 4 or 8 days. Acidity measurements were also made on similar fruits held at the above temperatures for 0, 4, or 8 days followed by 6 days at 70°.

The pericap and locular portions of fruits stored for 4 and 8 days at low temperatures had a higher titratable acidity after ripening than control fruits ripened without prior chilling. The per cent decrease in acidity during ripening was greatest for the unchilled fruit and least for the fruits chilled for 8 days. The pattern was the same for the 3 temperatures. There was an increase in acidity of fruits after 4 days of storage.
An Effective Technique for Chromosome Cytology in the Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)
Authors: Howard Gene S. , Uhlinger Roger D.
Published: August 2022

A fast, simple consistent technique for carnation chromosome cytology using a modification of Snow’s technique and phase contrast microscopy is reported. Sample photomicrographs are shown.
Solution Pocket: A Physiological Problem of Brined Sweet Cherries1
Authors: Cameron H. R. , Westwood M. N.
Published: August 2022

The occurrence of solution pockets in brined sweet cherries has increased during the past 15 years. Affected fruits exhibit translucent pockets beneath the epidermis, filled with ruptured cell contents and brine solution. Pockets may occur anywhere in the fruit but are commonly at the suture. Affected fruits sometimes are not firm enough to pass through a pitting machine without being torn, increasing cullage and lowering grade. Sweet cherries are brined in a solution of sulfur dioxide and lime rather than the usual salt-brine method used on other crops (4).
Photoperiod, Indolebutyric Acid, and Type of Cutting Wood as Factors in the Rooting of Rabbiteye Blueberry (Vacamum asbei Reade), cv. Woodward1
Authors: Couvillon G. A. , Pokorny F. A.
Published: August 2022

The rabbiteye blueberry, V. ashei, is planted to a limited extent in the Southeast, although it is adapted to an area extending from Virginia to Texas. The difficulty in propagating the species is one factor limiting the planting of improved selections (1). Many factors are known to influence root initiation and development in cuttings of rabbiteve, lowbush, and highbush blueberry species (2,4,5,7,8,9,10), but the effect of extended photoperiods on the rooting of the rabbiteye species is lacking. This study was conducted in 1963 and 1964 to investigate the effect of photoperiod and IBA on the rooting of cuttings of the rabbiteye blueberry, ‘Woodard’.
Dwarfing of Some Malvaceous Ornamental Plants as a Nursery Practice
Authors: Bose T. K. , Hore B. K. , Mukherjee D.
Published: August 2022

Cycocel (2-chloroethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) inhibited shoot growth and increased number of flowers in azalea (1) and Gardenia jasminoides (2), while height of poinsettia (3) and chrysanthemum (4) was also effectively controlled by the application of the chemical. Some varieties of Bougainvillea grew dwarf and bushy with markedly improved flowering following application of Cycocel (5). In view of the great possibility offered by the growth retardants, an extensive investigation to study the efficacy of these chemicals on large number of species and varieties of tropical ornamental plants belonging to different families was begun. The results of the effect of Cycocel on growth and flowering of some popular ornamental plants belonging to family Malvaceae are reported.
Cytology and Seed Set Studies in Viola tricolor Hortensis L.
Authors: Emino Everett R. , Sink Kenneth C.
Published: August 2022

The pansy, Viola tricolor Hortensis, L. is a popular bedding plant, however, the problem of low seed set has hindered genetic studies, plant breeding efforts, and the production of Fl hybrids. Twenty-nine commercial inbred pansy lines were investigated cytologically to establish a possible relationship between chromosome number and pollen fertility. The somatic chromosome number of all lines studied was found to be 2n=48 and pollen fertility was above 90 percent. Preliminary hybridization investigations suggest the problem may be an incompatibility system.
Soil Compaction and Soluble Salt Accumulation in Amended Turf Soils1
Authors: Thurman P. C. , Pokorny F. A.
Published: August 2022

Soil compaction is considered to be a major factor in the loss of grass in established turf plantings. Associated with the onset of soil compaction is a decrease in soil aeration (1), a reduction in gaseous exchange, and reduced water infiltration rates (2, 6, 7). Attempts to increase turf vigor and putting green resiliency by applying higher rates of fertilizer and by increased irrigation have often accentuated long-standing problems of diseases, poor root development, and low water infiltration rates (3,7). Frequent but light irrigations may also contribute to a buildup of harmful salt concentrations in compacted soils (5, 8).
Field Observations on Effectiveness of Maleic Hydrazide Applied to Onions by Helicopter
Authors: Pendergrass Ann , Isenberg F. M.
Published: August 2022

Stored samples of onions from commercially grown fields sprayed with maleic hydrazide both by ground spray apparatus and by helicopter showed that acceptable sprout control could be attained with either application method. Comparison of samples within fields, however, indicated that helicopter spray may not always be uniformly effective.
Effect of Succinic Acid 2, 2-dimethylhydrazide on Flower Bud Formation of the ‘Coville’ Highbush Blueberry1
Authors: Shutak V. G.
Published: August 2022

Succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide (Alar) has been found to have many physiological effects on growth and development of several plant species. (1,3,4,5,6). Hall and Aalders (2) in 1966 reported the effects of this growth regulator on highbush and lowbush blueberries but gave no specific data. These early preliminary data may be of some interest to researchers working with growth regulators.
Attempts to Improve Flower Bud Retention and Development in Tomatoes with Grafts, Nutrition and Growth Regulators
Authors: Coggins C. W. , Lesley J. W.
Published: August 2022

A mutant of tomato obtained by treatment of seeds of the Canary Export variety with p32 produces only an occasional flower at a considerably longer time after seeding than the original variety. The mutant requires a longer time for fruit development, expresses less apical dominance, and also differs from Canary Export in flesh color of the fruit, leaf shape and internode length (2).
Collecting Wild Fruits in the U.S.S.R.
Authors: Brooks Howard J.
Published: August 2022

Under the auspices of the Agreement Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on Exchanges in the Scientific, Technical, Educational, Cultural, and Other Fields in 1966-67, I collected wild fruits in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in the summer of 1967. I travelled with Dr. Willis Skrdla, Research Agronomist, U.S. Regional Plant Introduction Station, Ames, Iowa, who collected seed of legume and forage crops. We arrived in Moscow August 15 and departed October 1.
Gene Resources and Fruit Research in the Soviet Bloc Countries
Authors: Weaver G. M.
Published: August 2022

The synthesis of improved fruit varieties is largely dependent on three main factors: 1) the calibre of the raw material or the gene resources; 2) the quality of the tools used in choosing parents, hybridization and progeny selection; and 3) the human element and such qualities as perception or at least a capacity for keen observation. The degree of success achieved by any plant breeder is obviously influenced to a considerable extent by his resourcefulness in enlarging upon his gene resources, and the use of the most efficient breeding tools further enhances the program.
Effect of Gibberellin A3 on Concentration of DNA, RNA, and Protein in Pea Plant (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Soleimani Abbas
Published: August 2022

The relation between the action of gibberellin A3 (GA3) and the synthesis of DNA, RNA and proteins in plant cells, is known in several plant species (2,4,6). However, previous investigations have not shown the effect of GA3 on each of these syntheses in tissue from the same plant. This communication shows the influence of GA3 on each of these substances.
Vernalization of the Growing Easter Lily1
Authors: Hill Lome L. , Durkin Dominic J.
Published: August 2022

The major problem in greenhouse lily culture is the variable forcing performance of field grown bulbs. Generally, lilies will flower in approximately 120 days after bulb storage of six weeks at 33-50°F. A slower rate of growth is observed frequently enough in commercial greenhouses to suggest either that bulbs were insufficiently cooled or that some environmental condition in storage or transit had nullified part of the cold treatment.
Colchicine-Induced Tetraploid Azaleas
Authors: Pryor R. L. , Frazier L. C.
Published: August 2022

Colchicine treatment of several azalea cultivars induced polyploidy. The effect of colchiploidy varied between cultivars but there was a general increase in size and firmness of flowers. Some of the induced polyploids were complete, but many were chimeral.
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Rappaport Lawrence
Published: August 2022

Because of new developments and sustained interest in chemical regulation of plant processes, it was considered appropriate to make this field the subject of a major symposium for the 1968 annual meetings of the Society. The primary purpose of the symposium was to present an up-to-date understanding of chemical regulation of plant processes. The choice of topics and speakers was made with the help of a number of active investigators in the field.
Quick Freezing to Remove Whole Corn Kernels from Immature Ears1
Authors: Maas E. F.
Published: August 2022

The use of a mechanical cutter is the usual practice (2, 3, 5) for removing kernels from ears of sweet corn at various stages of maturity to determine specific gravity, kernel weight, moisture and sugar content. On the basis of preliminary studies, Kientz et al (5) showed that the sugar content was higher when the ears were cut deep (whole kernel) than when cut shallow. Johnson and Bennett (4) expressed corn maturity in terms of a kernel development index obtained by dividing the fresh weight of kernels by the number of kernels. The reliability of this index depends upon the precision with which the depth of cut can be controlled. Accuracy can be increased by removing the entire kernels intact. To overcome variations due to cutting the kernels at different depths, methods to remove the kernels intact were investigated. A review of the literature, however, produced little relevant information. Personal correspondence also indicated that there was no generally accepted method in use by research workers. The use of a scalpel was found to be satisfactory but was too slow.
The Effect of Ethrel on the Ripening of Montmorency Sour Cherries1
Authors: Anderson J. L.
Published: August 2022

Ethrel (Amchem 66-329, 2-chloro-ethylphosphonic acid) is a water soluble plant growth regulator thought to be degraded within plant cells resulting in the liberation of ethylene (1, 2). The eth-lene released within the plant is probably responsible for the subsequently observed biological activity.
Determination of Cessation of Tomato Stem Enlargement
Authors: Alls C. R. , Austin M. E.
Published: August 2022

Prior to 1964 work relating morphological changes of the tomato plant to the occurrence of the earliest once-over maximum yield of ripe fruit had not been reported. In studies of growth and fruiting characteristics of several tomato cultivars to develop an objective method to predict the harvest date, Austin1 determined that the cessation of stem enlargement was the best index. Measuring stems, however, with calipers at 3-and 4-day intervals is laborious.
The Thinning Effect of 3-chlorophenoxy-α-propionamide (3-CPA) in Paloro Peach
Authors: Martin George C. , Nelson M.
Published: August 2022

3-CPA when applied to peach moves slowly, accumulating in the margins and veins of leaves, and the epidermal and sub-epidermal layers in the fruit and the micropylar end of the ovule. Equal degrees of fruit thinning resulted when fruit or leaves alone were treated with 3-CPA. Treating both leaves and fruit resulted in an additive thinning effect. Uniform spray coverage is emphasized to obtain uniform thinning results.
Polyploid Mutants in Grapes
Authors: Saurer W. , Antcliff A. J.
Published: August 2022

The value of tetraploid plants of Vitis for breeding has been pointed out on a number of occasions (9, 2, 13). Such mutants occur spontaneously in vineyards and are noticeable mainly by enlarged berries, thicker bunch stems, and darker green leaves. Collections have been accumulated either from vines or parts of vines found in the field (10) or from colchicine-induced mutants (2). Such plants are often cytochimaeras (4, 12) and a 2-4 constitution has been most frequently reported. If the inner layer determines behavior in breeding (3) either 2-4 or 4—4 plants could be used for this purpose.
Mechanization of Fruit Harvest in the Eastern United States
Authors: Paul Larsen R.
Published: August 2022

No one knows when mechanization of fruit harvest began in the United States. It is documented, however, that machine patents were approved for a fruit gatherer in 1899 (9), a mechanical tree shaker in 1927 (1) and a collecting unit similar to today’s models in 1931 (24).
Effects of Growth Regulators on Fruit Bud Hardiness in Prunus1
Authors: Proebsting E. L. , Mills H. H.
Published: August 2022

Chemical regulation of cold hardiness is a fascinating objective for pomological research. In the past 5 years gibberellic acid (GA) and N-dimethylamino succinamic acid (Alar) have been reported to increase fruit bud hardiness of peaches (3, 4, 7). Trees treated with these two chemicals and 2-chloroethane phosphonic acid (Ethrel) were exposed to -11°F on December 30, 1968, permitting us to observe their effects on resistance of fruit buds to cold injury.
A Foliage Drying Harvest Aid for Onions1
Authors: Pendergrass A. , Isenberg F. M. , St. John L. E. , Lisk Donald J.
Published: August 2022

Onion foliage sprayed before harvest with a neo-decanoic acid mixture (Wiltz-65) became bleached and limp. The rate of water loss from bulb necks was accelerated. Residue analysis shows that at concentrations sufficient to wilt tops, about 1 ppm is recoverable from bulbs before storage, none after 4 months’ storage. Neck rot was increased in 2 cultivars which form double bulbs but not in one where bulbs grow singly.
The Audio-tutorial Approach in Teaching Woody Plant Materials1
Authors: Lanphear F. O.
Published: August 2022

We are experiencing dramatic changes in the technology of communication. Yet the academic community has been unusually slow in adapting new technology to the university classroom. We continue to use the traditional lecture approach in most of our classes, thus keeping the student in a passive, semi-involved role.
Influence of Alar, Ethrel and Gibberellic Acid on Browning of Peaches1
Authors: Buchanan D. W. , Hall C. B. , Biggs R. H. , Knapp F. W.
Published: August 2022

Ethrel at 30 and 50, GA 50, and Alar 2000 ppm were applied as whole tree sprays to ‘Early Amber’ and ‘Flordasun’ peach trees in a commercial orchard in Central Florida. Ethrel (applied at a seed length of 12 mm) and GA at 50 ppm (2 weeks following petal fall) consistently prevented browning of puree and sliced peaches for 24 hours. The results with Alar were inconsistent.
Regulation of Phosphorus Nutrition of Horticultural Crops1
Authors: Wittwer S. H.
Published: August 2022

Phosphorus occupies a unique position in the nutrition of horticultural crops. The net quantitative plant needs are not as great as for the other macro-nutrients. Crop removal is usually only a fraction of that for N, K, or Ca. Large quantities applied as fertilizer to the soil may revert to, or become fixed in, unavailable forms. There may be little movement from the area of placement. Although present in the soil it can be positionally unavailable. Seeded row crops and vegetable, strawberry, and flower transplants may show a marked response to applications of this nutrient in early spring but nothing later on.
Nitrogen Stress and Premature Leaf Abscission in Citrus
Authors: Smith Paul F.
Published: August 2022

The growth response of grapefruit trees to a wide range in N supply was followed for seven years. The rates of N were 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 lb. per tree per year. Deficiency symptoms increased in severity with diminished supply below 3 lb. The most striking symptom was the lack of adequate foliage resulting from early abscission of mature leaves. Leaf and shoot production and ultimate tree size were essentially the same on all levels of N. Leaf life was one year or less under N stress compared to about two years when N supply was adequate.
Potting Depth Effects on Development and Low Temperature Survival of Naturally Cooled Easter Lilies1
Authors: Einert A. E. , Box C. O.
Published: August 2022

Naturally cooled lily plants from bulbs potted with their apices 1/2—inch deep or deeper, sustained no cold damage when exposed to temperatures as low as 23°F. Shallower bulb plantings and exposure of a portion of the bulb resulted in cold injury. The number of killed and damaged plants increased with increased bulb exposure. Planting of the bulb with its apex 1/2—inch deep or shallower reduced forcing time by four days as compared to bulbs placed on the drainage gravel at the bottom of the pots. Depths of 1/4 exposure or deeper had no effect on plant height nor any consistent effect on flower bud number.
The Effect of Temperature on Sub-terminal Bract Coloration of Poinsettia ‘Stoplight’1
Authors: Sink Kenneth , Carlson William
Published: August 2022

The poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch) cultivar ‘Stoplight’ was introduced to the floriculture industry in 1965 by Robert N. Stewart, U.S.D.A. at Beltsville, Maryland. The sub-terminal bracts of the cultivar have coloration in addition to those located terminally. ‘Stoplight’ is the first poinsettia cultivar noted for this type of bract coloration, and recent hybrid poinsettia introductions inherit this plant characteristic from ‘Stoplight’ parentage (2).
Similarities Between the Control of Flower Initiation and Cold Acclimation in Plants1
Authors: Howell Gordon S. , Weiser C. J.
Published: August 2022

It has been necessary for perennial plants to develop systems for sensing and reacting to environmental parameters. Their survival and perpetuation is determined, in large measure, by the timing of vital processes in relation to favorable and unfavorable cycles of environment. While the regulation of flowering by environmental stimuli has been extensively researched little is known about the control of cold acclimation. Recent studies show striking similarities between the control mechanisms for flowering and cold acclimation in temperate zone plants.
The Effect of Pre-Harvest Applications of Ethrel on Concord Grapes1
Authors: Clore W. J. , Fay R. D.
Published: August 2022

Ethrel sprays were applied to Concord grape vines on September 4, 11, 19, and 26, 1968 in concentrations varying from 10 to 2000 ppm. At daytime temperatures averaging 69.7°F Ethrel promoted the abscission of berries in six days or less at 250 ppm and higher. Daytime temperatures of 63°F or higher prior to normal harvesting appeared necessary to activate berry abscission in six days or less. Concentrations of 250 ppm and higher induced leaf yellowing and accelerated leaf senescence. Berries removed easier when shaken off at 77°F than at 62°F. Grapes receiving a foliar application of 250 ppm of Ethrel 14 days before harvest removed easier than those receiving 500 ppm Ethrel applied six days before harvest when both were shaken off the same day. Ethrel resulted in no differences in fruit soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH and color determinations. There was no response from dipping only clusters in Ethrel. A minus 11°F on December 30 caused serious bud damage on vines sprayed on September 4 at 2000 ppm, compared to non-sprayed vines.
Influence of Ethrel Upon Highbush Blueberry Fruit Ripening1
Authors: Eck Paul
Published: August 2022

Ethrel (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) applied as a foliar spray to blueberry two weeks before first harvest resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of the total yield of ripe fruit harvested in the first picking. The increase in fruit ripe at first picking occurred at a concentration of Ethrel as low as 240 ppm on the Weymouth variety, but for the Blueray variety 1920 ppm were needed to produce the same effect. Ethrel-treated berries were smaller and were less acid than control berries.
Stem Attachment Area, A New Variable for Cucumber Breeders1
Authors: Burnham Milo , Peterson Clinton E.
Published: August 2022

There have been few investigations of the anatomical and morphological characteristics of cucumber peduncles. Judson (3) reported that there are 10 vascular bundles entering the pistillate cucumber flower and the resulting fruit. Leonard (4), Bingley et al (1), and Burnham and Peterson (2) observed varietal and seasonal differences in the force required to pull the pickling cucumber fruit from its stem. The variety ‘Wisconsin SMR-12’ was easy to pick while Ohio MR-17’ was among those requiring a relatively high picking force.
Pollen-Tube Growth Through the Style of Pimiento Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.)1
Authors: Cochran H. L.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this investigation has been to study the time involved in pollen-tube growth through the style of the Truhart Perfection pimiento under field conditions with fruit setting as a criterion.
The Modern Fruit Breeder1
Authors: Bringhurst R. S.
Published: August 2022

For the most part, I direct my remarks to the role of public agency fruit breeders, since that is what most of us are. I feel justified in this role because first, I am convinced that we can provide the best possible varieties at the lowest cost and second, at times, we may be the only protection the grower has against the unscupulous.
Color Measurement in Plant Breeding
Authors: Francis F.J.
Published: August 2022

Instrumentation for color measurement is relatively well developed in terms of a convenient and accurate tool for the plant breeder. This paper discusses the development of a color solid and the meaning of a color reading in terms of the Judd-Hunter solid. Carrots are used as a specific example with references to squash, sweetpotatoes and red fruit juices. Color measurement can be used to predict the appearance of a fruit or vegetable which in turn can be used to predict the consumer acceptance in terms of appearance for the product. These methods are fairly accurate and are limited only by the ingenuity of the operator to present the sample to the instrument. The readings will reflect the visual impact from all factors which affect the color. It is unlikely that a color reading can be used to follow the development or degradation of a single pigment unless the system under study has only one predominant pigment. Such cases are relatively uncommon with fruits and vegetables.
Effects of Herbicides on the Dry Matter Content, Total Soluble Solids, and Pungency of Onion1
Authors: Saghir A. R. , Senzai M. D.
Published: August 2022

Demand for dehydrated onions, Allium cepa L., is becoming considerable in world markets. Any changes in dry matter, total soluble solids, or pungency of onions may affect quality of the dehydrated product. Several studies have been made on the influence of herbicides on weed control and onion yield (2, 4, 5) but little has been reported on the effects of herbicides on quality characteristics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of chlorbromuron (N'-(4-bromo-3-chlo-rophenyl)-N-methoxy-N-methylurea), chloroxuron (N’-4-(4-chlorophenoxy) phenyl-N,N-dimethylurea), propachlor (2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide), CP-50144 (2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acentilide), Sindone 0263 (1, 1-dimethyl-4,6-diisopropyl-5-indanylethylketone + 7-indanylisomer), propanil (3’, 4′-dichloropropionanilide), and prometryne (2,4-bis(iso-propylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine) on dry matter content, total soluble solids, and pungency of onions.
About Our Cover
Authors: Watson Donald P.
Published: August 2022

Sterculia Jbetida Linn. from East Africa, India, Malaysia and Northern Australia is a fast growing large deciduous tree up to 100 feet high. The palmate leaves are composed of 5 to 9 elliptic leaflets, which are pink when young. The yellow vile smelling flowers with purple markings almost an inch in diameter are foetid, woolly and borne on 12 inch green panicles on the ends of the twigs.
Observations on the Performance of Grape Cultivars in Nova Scotia1
Authors: Bishop R. F. , Craig D. L. , MacEachern C. R.
Published: August 2022

Field trials with grape cultivars, conducted at three locations in the Annapolis-Cornwallis Valley in Nova Scotia, show that the successful growth of wine cultivars is not feasible. While there were differences between locations, apparently lack of sufficient heat units to fully mature the fruit is responsible for the area’s unsuitability.
Storage Response of Green and Bleached Lima Beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.)1
Authors: Bass Louis N. , James Edwin , Clark Dorris C.
Published: August 2022

Green and bleached beans designated as high and low vigor lots were stored at 21C and 50, 70, and 90% relative humidity. At the end of 36 months, no significant loss in viability occurred in either lot at 50% relative humidity. No significant loss of viability was found in the high vigor lot stored at 70% relative humidity but the low vigor lot lost all viability. Both lots were worthless for planting purposes when stored at 90% relative humidity for 3 months.
Inheritance of Purple Petiole in Carrot, Daucus carota var. sativa1
Authors: Angell F. F. , Gabelman W. H.
Published: August 2022

Dominant monogenic control of purple petiole (G) over green (g) was found in the carrot. Variations observed in intensity of purple suggested presence of modifier genes. Plants having purple petioles were easily identified at all stages of growth following true-leaf formation.
Differential Susceptibility of Sweet Corn Hybrids to Field Injury by Air Pollution1
Authors: Cameron J. W. , Johnson Hunter , Taylor O. C. , Otto H. W.
Published: August 2022

Marked differential injury by air pollution to a group of sweet corn hybrids in 2 experimental field plantings in the Los Angeles Basin occurred in 1969. At Riverside, leaf damage ranged from nearly zero in 11 hybrids to slight to severe in 23 others. Damage was clearly related to cultivar and was associated with periods of high oxidant levels and high maximum temperatures. There was only a slight relationship between the market maturity date of a cultivar and its degree of damage.
Horticulture and Pollution
Authors: Day Boysie E.
Published: August 2022

Why should we address ourselves simultaneously to the subjects of Horticulture and Pollution? The two would appear to be poles apart. Horticulture, a gentle, pastoral art, provides for the material and esthetic needs of mankind. It does much good and seemingly harms no one. To think of horticulture is to bring forth visions of golden fruit, crisp lettuce, the noble potato, the aromatic onion, the fragrant rose, and the fragile orchid. Horticulture is the world of bounty and beauty, and pollution is the realm of filth, dissolution, decay, and squalor. Yet, horticulture and pollution do impinge upon one another and have come increasingly to have to coexist in a deteriorating environment.
Determination of the Time of Onset of Rest in Spur and Shoot Buds of Apricot1
Authors: Ramsay Juan , Martin George C. , Brown Dillon S.
Published: August 2022

Apricot shoots were defoliated and spurs were decapitated and defoliated on successive dates to determine the onset of rest in specific axillary buds. While the spurs were still growing and the leaves expanding decapitation alone would induce axillary bud growth. Later, when the spurs and leaves stopped growing both decapitation and defoliation were necessary to induce axillary bud growth. Eventually when the onset of rest occurred both decapitation and defoliation would not induce bud growth. Decapitation alone was enough to induce bud growth of terminal shoots. After the onset of rest decapitation and defoliation would not induce bud growth in the terminal shoot buds.
Register of New Fruit and Nut Varieties List 25
Authors: Brooks Reid M. , Olmo H. P.
Published: August 2022

Carma.Orig. in Carlos, Alberta, Canada, by Robert Erskine. Introd. in 1963. Parentage unknown. Fruit: crab; to 1 3/4 inch diam; globular; flesh juicy, spicy, core small. Tree: very hardy.
Growth Substances in Dormant Fruit Buds and Seeds
Authors: Walker David R.
Published: August 2022

A number of chemical studies have attempted to define the triggering mechanism that causes a plant to enter or leave rest and initiate growth in the Spring. As techniques have improved, emphasis has shifted from minerals, carbohydrates, and proteins, to growth substances within the plant. Previous reviews of the dormancy literature (41, 55, 59, 84) have included a number of references pertaining to dormancy. For the purpose of this review, growth substances are considered as being produced within the plant, physiologically active in minute quantities, and translocated from site of production to site of activity. Four groups of chemicals satisfy these criteria: auxins, gibberellins (GA), cytokinins and abscisic acid (ABA) (2,45, 80).
Rootstock-Scion Relationships in Hardiness of Deciduous Fruit Trees
Authors: Westwood M. N.
Published: August 2022

One of the key limiting factors in fruit production is bud or tree damage from fall or winter freezes. This is due to the selection of cultivars by criteria other than hardiness and to man’s attempt to extend otherwise good cultivars beyond their hardiness range.
Effect of Planting Pattern and Population Pressure on the Yield Response of Tomato1
Authors: Fery R. L. , Janick Jules
Published: August 2022

Row pattern outyielded square pattern at population levels from 2,178 to 52,272 plants per acre in a multiple sequential harvest system. Square outyielded the row pattern in the early harvests but the reverse occurred in later harvests because of an “edge effect” brought about by a continuous growth of vines into the row middles. This edge effect increased with increased plant population.
The Effect of Indole-3-Butyric Acid on Rooting and Survival of Air-Layered Branches of the Pecan, Carya illinoensis Koch, cv. ‘Stuart’1
Authors: Sparks Darrell , Chapman J. W.
Published: August 2022

The percentage of rooting and survival of 1-year old non-juvenile pecan branches air-layered 50 days after bud break and left on the tree for about 5 1/2 months increased as indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was increased from 0 to 3%. After 1 season’s growth, maximum survival occurred with air-layers that had been treated with 3% IBA. Shoot growth of the air-layers was relatively short.
Orange Peel Topography as Affected by a Preharvest Plastic Spray1
Authors: Gene Albrigo L. , Eldon Brown G.
Published: August 2022

Mature ‘Valencia’ oranges when sprayed 2 months prior to harvest in the spring of 1969 with a 1 or 3% solution of Pinolene, a liquid polyterpene plastic film former, were greener at harvest, lost less wt, and had better appearance than control fruit after 9 weeks of storage. Fresh and fixed sections of peel from control and plastic-treated ‘Hamlin’ orange fruit from trees sprayed 2 months before harvest with a 1% solution of Pinolene were observed with a scanning-electron microscope after harvest. The surfaces of control fruit showed considerable variation with some areas having essentially no epicuticular wax platelets while other areas were completely covered. On sprayed fruit, plastic often partially masked the wax platelet edges. On control fruit, the openings to the outer stomatal chambers were usually unobstructed although the stomatal pores between the guard cells were often plugged. In most cases, the openings to the outer stomatal chambers of sprayed fruit were partially or completely obstructed with plastic.
Large Volume Generator of Stable Foam for Freeze Protection1
Authors: Bartholic J. F. , Heilman M. D. , Farris B. M.
Published: August 2022

A large volume generator with a foam-producing rate of 130 ft3/min is described. The generator is based on a simple principle and could be easily adapted to a variety of field foam application requirements. A combination of 3 materials has been found that will form an economical, stable, nontoxic foam for insulating crops during freezing conditions. Field tests showed that the foaming materials and foam generator have the necessary characteristics for covering large acreages of temperature-sensitive crops.
Frost Protection with Foam Applied in Small Trenches
Authors: Heilman M. D. , Bartholic J. F. , Gonzalez C. L. , Farris B. M.
Published: August 2022

Foam was applied for frost protection to January planted cantaloupes (Cucumis melo L.) in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Two planting configurations consisting of shallow trenches and conventional beds were compared to evaluate volume of foam required and durability. The trench planting technique increased the foam’s durability and reduced the volume approximately three-fourths. The cost of foam application to a low profile crop in the shallow trenches was approximately $74.00 per hectare. Leaf temperature in the foamed trenches was up to 12°C warmer than nonfoamed conventional beds.
Regulation of Sex Expression and Seed Development in Grapes with 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid1
Authors: Kender Walter J. , Remaily George
Published: August 2022

2-Chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel)2, applied to grapevines as an aqueous spray at 100, 200, or 400 ppm, induced hard seed formation in 6 of 13 seedless cultivars studied. Viable seeds were produced in 2 of these cultivars.

Ethrel also promoted femaleness in the staminate flowers of the SO4 rootstock, resulting in fruit and hard seeds in this normally fruitless cultivar.
Horticultural Teaching nn Non-Baccalaureate Programs
Authors: Roberts Eliot C.
Published: August 2022

The topic “non-baccalaureate programs” has received increasing attention during the past year. The September 1968 issue of the Journal of the National Association of Colleges and Teachers of Agriculture features papers on this subject. The committee on Less-Than-Baccalaureate Degree Programs in Agriculture sponsored by RICOP issued proceedings of an October 1968 conference held at Pennsylvania State University entitled A National Conference for Less-Than-Baccalaureate Degree Programs in Agriculture. Interest in these programs reflects the need of the agricultural industry for the services of graduates at this level.
Review of renewable energy sources and offshore wind turbine technology
Authors: POPA C.
Published: August 2022

This paper is a state-of-the-art that aims to highlight all the new developments for wind renewable energy sources, wind turbine system, vertical axis wind turbine and the included components to find the best solution for an offshore vertical axis wind turbine that supplies ships with energy in the outer harbor. This review could help to understand the potential future choices in the design of vertical-axes wind turbine in order to reduce pollution in marine environment.
Design of series-series oscillating circuits used in wireless transmission of electricity for battery charging
Authors:   ”Mircea cel Batran” Naval Academy, MOCANU V.
Published: August 2022

The paper presents the theoretical design fundamentals for a wireless power transmission system (WPT) with reactive components (inductance and capacitance) of oscillators connected in series both in transmission and reception systems. The equations of the mutually coupled oscillating circuits and relevant electrical parameters related to the sizing of the wireless system are presented and calculated. At the same time, several variants of electrical diagrams of the emission system were designed and simulated.
Artificial intelligence driven speed controller for DC motor in series
Authors:   ”Mircea cel Batran” Naval Academy, Bucur C.
Published: August 2022

Recently a lot of work have been done to implement artificial intelligence controllers in the field of electrical motors. This paper presents a novel speed controller, developed through Reinforcement learning techniques, applied to series dc motors. We emphasize the ease of developed controller in available off the shelf hardware for industrial use. We used the open- source Python package gym-electric-motor [1] for environment setup, pytorch framework for developing the controller and .NET for performance evaluation.
Is it possible to use spectral signatures of materials in the visible and near-infrared range to identify real targets?
Authors: Ivanovich E. A.
Published: August 2022

Using existing methods to identify and find goals in different fields, the method of using spectral signatures of materials in naval domain is important because of the more precision and fingerprinting properties of each material. If we have a spectral signature for a specific purpose, we will be able to easily identify it. However, when a material is combined at a significant level with another material, or so close that the emission and reflection of light reaches the sensor, we need spectral separation and spectral signature extraction of the combined materials. In this paper, we introduce two methods for distinguishing and identifying the signing of the spectrum of ambiguous goals that are combined with the specified materials in laboratorial environment. In these methods, by forming a matrix of data in the text of the sensor, we take the addition and subtraction operations on the data and eventually identify the target spectrum of the unknown. The first method is to deduct the spectrum of materials from the compound composition spectrum and the second method to combine the spectrum of the goals with the specified target spectrum. The method is similar to solving a first-order equation with an unknown one.