bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Effect of Foliar Nano Nitrogen and Zinc on Chlorophyll (SPAD) and Qualitative Traits of Green Chilli in Comparison with Urea and ZnSO4
Authors: Kanavi G. B. Jayanth , Sunil C. , Salimath Sarvajna B. , Mallikarjuna H. B. , Kadam Praveen V. , Jeevan H. R.
Published: July 2023

The faulty and imbalanced application of fertilizers to chilli threatens the environment and affects the country's sustainable food  and nutritional security. Variation in the method and quantity of N and Zn fertilizer application has a higher impact on the chilli production and quality.    An experiment was carried out at AHRS, Bavikere, KSNUAHS, Shivamogga, to study the effect of foliar nano nitrogen and zinc application on green chilli's growth, yield and quality. There were eight treatments which replicated three times using the RCBD design. Treatment combinations of foliar nano nitrogen and zinc and foliar urea and ZnSO4 with different levels of RDN (75%, 100%, 125%) were tested against control (100% RDF). The results revealed that chilli quality parameters significantly varied with applying nano N and Zn compared to the control. Among the treatments, application of RDN (125%) and foliar nano N (0.4%) and Zn (0.4%) at 30 and 45 DAT registered significantly higher chlorophyll, oleoresin, ascorbic acid and TSS. T3 reported significantly superior ascorbic acid and oleoresin content to 14.94 per cent and 22.10 per cent over control.
Assessment of System of Mustard Intensification (SMI) with Plant Geometry and Age of the Seedlings in Enhancing Growth and Yield Attributes of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Sushma N. , Sampath O. , Reddy N. Mahesh , Kumar R. Sai
Published: July 2023

The field experiment entitled “Assessment of system of mustard intensification (SMI) with plant geometry and age of the seedlings in enhancing growth and yield attributes of mustard (Brassica juncea L.)” was conducted at College Farm, Agricultural College, Polasa, Jagtial in Rabi, 2022. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with eleven treatment combinations by replicating thrice. The treatment includes T1: Conventional sowing (dibbling) with spacing 45 x 15 cm without gap filling,T2: Conventional sowing (dibbling) with spacing 45 x 15 cm with gap filling, T3: 15 days old seedlings with spacing 30×30 cm, T4: 15 days old seedlings with spacing 45×45 cm, T5: 15 days old seedlings with spacing 60×60 cm, T6: 20 days old seedlings with spacing 30×30 cm, T7: 20 days old seedlings with spacing 45×45 cm, T8: 20 days old seedlings with spacing 60×60 cm, T9 : 25 days old seedlings with spacing 30×30 cm, T10 : 25 days old seedlings with spacing 45×45 cm, T11: 25 days old seedlings with spacing 60×60 cm. Thus from results obtained from present investigation it can be concluded that transplanting 25 days old seedling with 30 x 30 cm spacing under System of Mustard Intensification (SMI) resulted in higher plant height (182.5) and dry matter production (4660 kg ha-1) while Transplanting 25 days old seedling with 60×60 cm resulted in higher no. of primary and secondary branches plant-1(9.0 and 24.6), no. of siliqua plant-1 (656.3) and no. of seeds siliquae-1(14.7).
Study on Effect of Rainfall Variability on Crop Productivity of Tur (Arhar) and Cotton Crops for Various Districts of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Khedikar S. Y. , Panchabhai S. N. , Mandal T. K.
Published: July 2023

This research article investigates the impact of rainfall variability on the productivity of Tur (Arhar) and Cotton crops in the districts of Maharashtra, India. The study analyzes the correlation between rainfall departure (deviation from the normal) and crop productivity, focusing on specific months when rainfall has the most significant influence on crop yield. Secondary data from the India Meteorological Department and the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare were utilized for the analysis. Statistical methods such as detrending, correlation analysis, and significance testing were employed to measure the relationship between rainfall variability and crop productivity. For the Tur (Arhar) crop, the study covers data from 1997-1998 to 2018-2019 for 34 districts in Maharashtra. The analysis reveals the effects of rainfall on different stages of crop growth, such as sowing, germination, vegetative growth, flowering, grain formation, and harvesting. Similarly, for the Cotton crop, data from 28 districts were examined to determine the impact of rainfall on various stages of crop development. The findings indicate that rainfall plays a crucial role in crop productivity, with both positive and negative correlations observed in different districts and months. The study highlights the significance of rainfall during specific stages of crop growth and emphasizes the importance of considering rainfall patterns when making agricultural decisions. This research contributes valuable insights into the relationship between rainfall variability and crop productivity, providing farmers and policymakers with knowledge to develop sustainable agricultural strategies in Maharashtra. By understanding the influence of rainfall on crop yield, farmers can make informed decisions regarding crop selection and adopt appropriate agricultural practices to mitigate the effects of rainfall variability.
Influence of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) on Bulb Yield and Profitability of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Crop in Western Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Jagraj , Prakash Satya , Singh Bijendra , Kumar Vipin , Kumar Satendra , Singh Gopal , Mohit
Published: July 2023

A field experiment was carried out at Horticulture Research Centre, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.) 250110 during the Rabi seasons of year 2021-22 and 2022 to fulfil various objectives of yield and profitability of bulbs of onion for western Uttar Pradesh climatic conditions. A total of eleven treatments were used in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Out of the eleven treatments, T7 - 75% RDF + FYM@ 2 t/ha + VC@ 1 t/ha + Biofertilizers (Azospirillum + PSB @ 5 kg/ha each) had a beneficial effect on maximum bulb yield (337.49 q/ha), net return (Rs. 208438.14 ha-1) and cost-benefit ratio (4.29) followed by 75% RDF + Biofertilizers (Azospirillum + PSB @ 5 kg/ha each). Whereas, the lowest bulb yield (122.16 q/ha) was observed in T1 – Control treatment followed by T8- 50% RDF + FYM @ 12 t/ha. While the minimum net return (Rs. 48307.20 ha-1) and cost-benefit ratio (1.97) were recorded in T1 – Control treatment followed by treatment T4- 75% RDF + FYM @ 6 t/ha.
Effect of Phosphorus and Potassium on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Chandrakar Charuchandra , Dawson Joy , Choudhary Dilip
Published: July 2023

The field experiment titled “Effect of Phosphorus and Potassium on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)” was conducted Response of during the rabi season of 2022. in Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with ten treatment combinations. The soil in the experimental area was sandy loam with pH (7.6), EC (0.305 d S/m), organic carbon (0.23 %), available N (184.8 kg/ha), available P (16.45 kg/ha) and available K (187.64 kg/ha). Seeds are sown at a spacing of 60 cm × 25 cm with a seed rate of 25 kg/ha. Consisting of three Phosphorus levels (50, 70 and 90 kg P2O5/ha) and different Concentration of Potassium levels (35, 55 and 75 kg K2O/ha). Highest plant height (172.79 cm), maximum plant dry weight (134.14g), more number of cobs/plant (1.8), number of seeds/row (17.13), Number of rows/cob (12.40), test weight (232.82), seed yield (6.16 t/ha) and stover yield (10.73 t/ha.) was recorded in treatments 9 Phosphorus (90 kg/ha.) + Potassium (75 kg/ha.). Maximum gross return (178395.75 INR/ha), net return (132277.78 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (2.9) were also recorded in treatment 9 Phosphorus (90 kg/ha.) + Potassium (75 kg/ha.).
A Case of Hookworm Infection in a Child Causing Severe Anemia Diagnosed by Endoscopy: A Neglected Tropical Disease
Authors: Singh Romya , Tejan Nidhi , Mussadiq Sabba , Kumar Awadhesh , Singh Shikha
Published: July 2023

Hookworm (Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale) infection are common in tropical and subtropical countries. These are still an neglected tropical disease in rural areas,leading to severe iron deficiency anemia and even mortality. Here we present a case from a tertiary care center in northern India of a 3 year old child with progressive complaint of pallor and generalised body swelling. On upper gastrointestinal gastroscopy hookworms were visualised and recovered. Patients stool sample was sent to lab in which egg of hookworm was also seen on microscopy. The child was treated with albendazole and anemia was also cured
Impacts of Clinker Storages Heat Transfer, Its Effect on Vertical Roller Cement Performances: A Case Study of Cement Grinding Operations in Nigeria
Authors: Joseph Oyepata Sunday , Baba N. Z. , Idowu E. T. , Adediran A. A.
Published: July 2023

Operational data indicates that vertical roller cement mills (VRCM) consumed lesser energy when compared to horizontal/ball mills. A case study of a vertical roller cement mills was carried out in Nigeria which was experiencing a lower production output and a higher energy consumption. This research was to investigate reasons behind the low production output on the VRCM. A thorough analysis was carried out on the clinker storage facilities and the heat transfer across the composite cylindrical clinker silo walls (off – spec and main clinker) both silos having the same design but with  different dimensions and with different application purpose. The off-spec clinker silo has a design capacity of 1,800 tons and main clinker silo a design capacity of 60, 000 tons and both silo stores hot clinker that left the kiln clinker cooler at approximate temperature of 95oC. The analytical results shows that the rate of heat transfer across the main clinker composite walls was 728 kW and the rate of heat transfer across the off-spec clinker composite walls was 217.15 kW. Numerical simulation was also carried out using ANSYS simulation package and the results obtained were in good agreement with the results obtained theoretically. The ratio of heat loss on the main clinker composite walls to off-spec clinker composite walls was 3.35:1.
Oral Cancer Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices among Dental and Medical Students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Qahtani Abdulaziz Saad , Al-Huthaili Atheer Ali , Al-Tamimi Alanud Fuhaid , Al-Ahmadi Ethar Abdullah , Tolah Hamza Waleed , Aeq Mawaddah Sameer , Al-Hussaini Omar Mohammed , Al-Kishi Sarah Abdullah , Jorob Shahad Mohammed
Published: July 2023

Background: Oral cancer had important public health concern, ranking as the world’s 16thmost common cancer. Despite being highly preventable, oral cancer is associated with multiple risk factors and a high mortality rate and contributes significantly to the global cancer burden. The 5-year survival rate for oral cancer remains low (50%), and it has not improved in recent decades. The prognosis is relatively good when caught in the early stages, but it deteriorates dramatically in the advanced stages.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate and assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of dental and medical students in Saudi Arabia towards oral cancer.
Methods: A pre-designed questionnaire had been distributed to 1033 dental and medical student in Saudi Arabia, and data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0. The participants’ confidentiality was maintained.
Results: This study included 1033 participants (males = 558 [54.0%] and females = 475[46.0%]). Medical students represented 734 (71.1%) of the participants and dental students represented 299 (28.9%) of the participants. Overall, 686 (66.4%) participants thought they had good aware about oral cancer, and 771 (74.6%) were concerned about its prevention. Both dental and medical students thought that oral cancer is more common in people over the age of 60 years, with no difference between medical and dental students (degrees off reedom [df] = 1, p = 0.793). Regarding risk factors, both smoking tobacco and alcohol consumption were mentioned by 66.1% of the sample, with no difference between medical and dental students (df = 1, p = 1.000). In addition, 29.9% of students identified the buccalmucosa as the most common site of oral cancer, with no difference between medical and dental students (df = 1, p = 0.691). No significant differences in the mean total score (number of correct answers) between dental students                         and also medical students at each study level except for the fifth-year students. At this                 level, the mean score was higher in dental students (6.05±1.88) than medical students (5.13±2.01) (p< 0.01).
Conclusions: Medical and dental students had similar knowledge, attitude and practices towards oral cancer. Furthermore, fifth-year dental students from the northern region of Saudi Arabiah ad the highest mean score on the questionnaire.
Impactos Psicológicos da Pandemia de Coronavírus (COVID-19) em Profi ssionais de Saúde: Overview
Authors: Cavalheiro Francisco Roberto S. , Sticca Marina G.
Published: July 2023

his overview study aimed to synthesize the evidence available from systematic reviews on the psychological impacts on health professionals resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The protocol was structured based on the PRISMA 2020 recommendation and studies were searched in the PubMed, PsycINFO, SciELO, Science Direct, Web of Science and Scopus databases, including systematic review articles published up to May 2022, resulting in a fi nal sample of 32 studies. It is concluded that health professionals who are dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic were exposed to multiple psychosocial stressors and presented prevalence of depression, anxiety, insomnia/ sleep disorders, stress, PTSD symptoms, exhaustion/ burnout and fear; representing a population that is especially vulnerable and more likely to develop psychological problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a future agenda, it is recommended that studies be carried out that include protective factors and interventions in order to minimize these negative eff ects on the mental health of health professionals during this pandemic context, examining the long-term eff ects. Keywords: COVID-19, mental health, health personnel, systematic review, psychological consequence
Eukaryotes inherited inositol lipids from bacteria: implications for the models of eukaryogenesis
Authors: Esposti Mauro Degli
Published: July 2023

The merger of two very different microbes, an anaerobic archaeon and an aerobic bacterium, led to the birth of eukaryotic cells. Current models hypothesize that an archaeon engulfed bacteria through external protrusions that then fused together forming the membrane organelles of eukaryotic cells, including mitochondria. Images of cultivated Lokiarchaea sustain this concept, first proposed in the inside‐out model which assumes that the membrane traffic system of archaea drove the merging with bacterial cells through membrane expansions containing inositol lipids, considered to have evolved first in archaea. This assumption has been evaluated here in detail. The data indicate that inositol lipids first emerged in bacteria, not in archaea. The implications of this finding for the models of eukaryogenesis are discussed.
Novel TCF4:TCF12 heterodimer inhibits glioblastoma growth
Authors: Mikheeva Svetlana A. , Funk Cory C. , Horner Philip J. , Rostomily Robert C. , Mikheev Andrei M.
Published: July 2023

TWIST1 (TW) is a pro‐oncogenic basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor and promotes the hallmark features of malignancy (e.g., cell invasion, cancer cell stemness, and treatment resistance), which contribute to poor prognoses of glioblastoma (GBM). We previously reported that specific TW dimerization motifs regulate unique cellular phenotypes in GBM. For example, the TW:E12 heterodimer increases periostin (POSTN) expression and promotes cell invasion. TW dimer‐specific transcriptional regulation requires binding to the regulatory E‐box consensus sequences, but alternative bHLH dimers that balance TW dimer activity in regulating pro‐oncogenic TW target genes are unknown. We leveraged the ENCODE DNase I hypersensitivity data to identify E‐box sites and tethered TW:E12 and TW:TW proteins to validate dimer binding to E‐boxes in vitro. Subsequently, TW knockdown revealed a novel TCF4:TCF12 bHLH dimer occupying the same TW E‐box site that, when expressed as a tethered TCF4:TCF12 dimer, markedly repressed POSTN expression and extended animal survival. These observations support TCF4:TCF12 as a novel dimer with tumor‐suppressor activity in GBM that functions in part through displacement of and/or competitive inhibition of pro‐oncogenic TW dimers at E‐box sites.
Novel Fe‐Based Amorphous Brazing Foils in the Quinary System Fe–Ni–Cr–Si–B
Authors: Bobzin Kirsten , Heinemann Hendrik , Erck Marvin , Stryzhyboroda Oleg , Vinke Sophie
Published: July 2023

Amorphous brazing foils are increasingly used on a wide variety of component geometries because of their flexibility and the resulting ease of application. Due to the recent rapid rise in Ni prices, there is an enormous need for research into the substitution of nickel with iron within conventionally used nickel‐based amorphous brazing foils. To avoid time‐consuming series of experiments, newly developed thermodynamic databases will be used to predict alloy compositions with a high glass forming ability. Foils should be produced with the melt‐spin process and characterized with differential scanning calorimetry and secondary electron microscopy. Novel iron‐based brazing foils with different compositions are successfully produced in the alloying system iron–nickel–chromium–silicon–boron. The characterization of these foils indicates the presence of a partly amorphous or nanocrystalline structure. The novel iron‐based brazing foils are characterized by a simple and cost‐efficient alloying concept. Furthermore, newly developed thermodynamic databases in the iron–nickel–chromium–silicon–boron system are validated by the successful production of these foils. The prediction of further iron‐based amorphous foils with the aid of thermodynamic calculations can thus be made possible.
Quantum Inspired Broadband Photonic Absorber: Potential Application as Solar Sail along with Mobility Analysis
Authors: Rana Mostafizur Rahman , Biswas Erik Upol , Mahmud Sultan , Sahel Salman Meem , Hassan Syeda Sarita , Chowdhury Mahdy Mahdy Rahman
Published: July 2023

Electromagnetic wideband absorption is still perceived as a critical and formidable challenge to address with an unambiguous photonic absorber. Subwavelength metamaterial (MM) unit cells with unique and controlled features have recently gained considerable interest. However, meta‐atoms, generated using a quantum‐inspired pattern distribution, are underwhelming in existing literature to design photonic absorbers and their potential application to manufacture solar sails is still quite uncommon. In this article, to create a flexible, polarization‐insensitive, ultrathin, and broadband MM absorber, quantum interference pattern‐inspired design is utilized. Herein, a novel approach to fabricating solar sails for the space exploration incorporates the proposed broadband photonic absorber rather than conventional reflectors. The quantum‐inspired meta‐absorber (QIMA) exhibits an absorption of over 91% for the visible domain, i.e., 380–800 nm under a conventional plane‐polarized source. It is shown in the study that broadband absorbers are almost equivalent to excellent reflectors to design the solar sails in terms of the time‐averaged force calculated by utilizing the Maxwell stress tensor method. Thus, the QIMA has the potential to be a viable alternative to reflectors in the design of futuristic solar sails for space exploration. The interference theory model is also utilized to assure the dependability of calculated data, and additionally, the standard AM1.5 solar spectrum is utilized to demonstrate the QIMA's solar‐harvesting potentiality.
Reactive Oxygen Species‐Activated CO Versatile Nanomedicine with Innate Gut Immune and Microbiome Remodeling Effects for Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Zeng Youyun , Fan Mengni , Zhou Qiang , Chen Dongfan , Jin Ting , Mu Zhixiang , Li Lin , Chen Jiale , Qiu Dongchao , Zhang Yanmei , Pan Yihuai , Shen Xinkun , Cai Xiaojun
Published: July 2023

Abnormal activation of the gut mucosal immune system and a highly dysregulated gut microbiota play essential roles in the progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The clinical treatment of IBD remains highly challenging, with first‐line drugs showing limited efficacy and significant side effects. A reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐activated CO versatile nanomedicine (CMPs) capable of remodeling the gut immune‐microbiota microenvironment via potent anti‐oxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects is developed. CORM‐401‐loaded mannose‐modified peptide dendrimer nanogel: CMPs preferentially congregate on the surface of damaged colon mucosa after rectal administration and are subsequently internalized by activated immune cells. CORM‐401 can release numerous CO molecules in response to high ROS levels in cells and at the site of IBD, resulting in multiple therapeutic effects. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that CMPs scavenge ROS, suppress inflammatory responses, eliminate pathogens, and alleviate colitis in mouse models. RNA sequencing reveals that CMPs successfully remodel gut mucosal immune homeostasis by scavenging ROS, inhibiting NF‐κB/p38MAPK, activating PI3K‐Akt, and inhibiting HIF‐1‐induced glycolysis. 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing shows that CMPs can remodel the gut flora composition by restraining detrimental bacteria and augmenting beneficial bacteria. This study develops a promising and versatile nanomedicine for the management of IBD.
Urea‐Modified Ternary Aqueous Electrolyte With Tuned Intermolecular Interactions and Confined Water Activity for High‐Stability and High‐Voltage Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Ziqing , Diao Jiefeng , Burrow James N. , Reimund Kevin K. , Katyal Naman , Henkelman Graeme , Mullins Charles Buddie
Published: July 2023

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) gain attention as promising energy storage devices due to their high safety. However, the narrow electrochemical window and unfavorable side reactions induced by water decomposition restrict their development. Thus, confining water activity to enhance stability and enlarge the electrochemical window is required. Herein, a 2.9 m (mol kgsolvent−1) Zn(ClO4)2−CO(NH2)2−H2O ternary aqueous eutectic electrolyte is prepared with restricted water activity at room temperature. The strong intermolecular interactions between CO(NH2)2 and H2O decrease the free H2O molecules and reduce their activity to suppress the parasitic reactions. Compared to conventional aqueous electrolytes, this urea‐modified electrolyte exhibits similar ionic conductivity (6.83 mS cm−1) and viscosity (29.5 mPa s) but with a significantly expanded electrochemical stability window (2.6 V) than the conventional one (1.7 V). Additionally, the preferential adsorption and reduction of urea molecules on the zinc surface mediate the formation of an organic solid electrolyte interphase, which passivates the anode and facilitates homogeneous zinc deposition. As a result, this ternary aqueous electrolyte enables high‐voltage zinc/vanadium batteries with a capacity of 125 mAh g−1 for 300 cycles at 5 A g−1. This finding demonstrates a low‐cost and practicable approach for realizing stable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries with an enlarged electrochemical stability window.
In Situ Topochemical Transformation of ZnIn2S4 for Efficient Photocatalytic Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐Diformylfuran
Authors: Zhu Yanwei , Deng Wenfang , Tan Yueming , Shi Jianqiao , Wu Jingcheng , Lu Wenbo , Jia Jianfeng , Wang Shuangyin , Zou Yuqin
Published: July 2023

Photocatalytic selective oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) coupled H2 production offers a promising approach to producing valuable chemicals. Herein, an efficient in situ topological transformation tactic is developed for producing porous O‐doped ZnIn2S4 nanosheets for HMF oxidation cooperative with H2 evolution. Aberration‐corrected high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning TEM images show that the hierarchical porous O‐ZIS‐120 possesses abundant atomic scale edge steps and lattice defects, which is beneficial for electron accumulation and molecule adsorption. The optimal catalyst (O‐ZIS‐120) exhibits remarkable performance with 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF) yields of 1624 µmol h−1 g−1 and the selectivity of >97%, simultaneously with the H2 evolution rate of 1522 µmol h−1 g−1. Mechanistic investigations through theoretical calculations show that O in the O‐ZIS‐120 lattice can reduce the oxidation energy barrier of hydroxyl groups of HMF. In situ attenuated total reflection surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR‐SEIRAS) results reveal that DFF* (C4H2(CHO)2O*) intermediate has a weak interaction with O‐ZIS‐120 and desorb as the final product. This study elucidates the topotactic structural transitions of 2D materials simultaneously with electronic structure modulation for efficient photocatalytic DFF production.
Carbon Nanorings and Nanobelts: Material Syntheses, Molecular Architectures, and Applications
Authors: Zhang Rong , An Dongyue , Zhu Jiangyu , Lu Xuefeng , Liu Yunqi
Published: July 2023

Carbon nanorings (CNRs) and carbon nanobelts (CNBs) of various sizes and innovative molecular architectures have ushered improvement in research in recent years. This serves as a prerequisite for further advances and applications, such as organic semiconductors and bottom‐up synthesis of single‐walled carbon nanotubes. Nevertheless, challenges such as high strain energy, excessive reactivity, end‐product stability, low‐scale yields, and side reactions inhibit material synthesis and applications. In this review, CNRs, CNBs, and other heteroatom‐doped molecular belts are discussed based on their molecular structural characteristics, with a special focus on their developments in the past two years. Furthermore, current applications, research obstacles, and future developments related to CNRs and CNBs are discussed. For the first time, studies and advancements in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) have been summarized in detail.
Fluorinated Pentafulvalene‐Fused Hole‐Transporting Material Enhances the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 23%
Authors: Lee Kun‐Mu , Huang Yao‐Shen , Chiu Wei‐Hao , Huang Ying‐Kai , Chen Gao , Adugna Gizachew Belay , Li Sie‐Rong , Lin Fang‐Ju , Lu Shih‐I. , Hsieh Hsiao‐Chi , Liau Kang‐Ling , Huang Chun‐Cheng , Tai Yian , Tao Yu‐Tai , Lin Yan‐Duo
Published: July 2023

Organic small molecular materials with coplanar π‐conjugated system as HTMs in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted considerable attention due to their high charge transport capability and thermal stability. Herein, three novel pentafulvalene‐fused derivatives with or without fluorine atoms incorporated (YSH‐oF and YSH‐mF and YSH‐H, respectively) are designed, synthesized, and applied as hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) in PSCs fabrication. The fluorinated HTMs, YSH‐oF and YSH‐mF, exhibited higher hole mobility and better charge extraction at the perovskite/HTM interface than non‐fluorinated one do, presumably due to the closer intermolecular π–π packing interactions. As a result, small‐area (0.09 cm2) PSCs made with YSH‐oF and YSH‐mF achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.59% and 22.76% respectively, with negligible hysteresis, in contrast with the 20.57% for the YSH‐H‐based devices. Furthermore, for large‐area (1.00 cm2) devices, the PSCs employing YSH‐oF exhibited a PCE of 21.92%. Moreover, excellent long‐term device stability is demonstrated for PSCs with F‐substituted HTMs (YSH‐oF and YSH‐mF), presumably due to the higher hydrophobicity. This study shows the great potential of fluorinated pentafulvalene‐fused materials as low‐cost HTM for efficient and stable PSCs.
Incorporating Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Dual Functional Groups into Thermosetting Polymer Chain for Enhancing Antithrombogenicity
Authors: Wang Weizhong , Liu Shaowen , Zhang Shan , Zhang Jingjing , Tang Yuyi , Zhang Weijia
Published: July 2023

In clinical practice, high‐effective antithrombosis remains a challenge for blood‐contacting medical devices. Inspired by the enhanced antithrombogenicity of anticoagulant and antiplatelet combination therapy, a strategy is proposed to synthesize dual‐pathway antithrombotic polymers by incorporating anticoagulant and antiplatelet dual functional groups into a single thermosetting polymer chain. The synthesized polymer shows increased antithrombogenicity in vitro, with prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and decreased platelet adhesion. Additionally, it downregulates the expression of coagulation‐ and inflammation‐related factors in rabbit plasma after ex vivo arteriovenous shunt assay and maintains patency of small vascular grafts for at least 6 months without thrombosis on the luminal surface after in vivo replacement of rabbit carotid artery. This work provides a new approach to producing novel antithrombotic polymers for blood‐contacting medical devices.
CGRP‐Loaded Porous Microspheres Protect BMSCs for Alveolar Bone Regeneration in the Periodontitis Microenvironment
Authors: Luo Jiaxin , Chen Hongyan , Wang Guifang , Lyu Jiaxuan , Liu Yulan , Lin Sihan , Zhou Mingliang , Jiang Xinquan
Published: July 2023

Periodontitis is a prevalent dental disease marked by progressive destruction of tooth‐supporting tissues, and the recovery of bone defects after periodontitis remains challenging. Although stem cell‐based therapy is a promising treatment for periodontal tissue regeneration, the function of mesenchymal stem cells is constantly impaired by the inflammatory microenvironment, leading to compromised treatment outcomes. Herein, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP)‐loaded porous microspheres (PMs) are prepared to protect bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) against inflammatory mediators in periodontitis. The released CGRP can effectively ameliorate the inflammation‐induced dysfunction of BMSCs, which may involve suppressing the ROS (reactive oxygen species)/NLRP3 (NOD‐, LRR‐, and pyrin domain‐containing protein 3)/Caspase‐1 (CASP1) pathway. Moreover, the porous architecture of PMs provides effective cell‐carrying capacity and physical protection for BMSCs during transplantation. In vivo experiments demonstrate that CGRP/BMSC‐loaded PMs can effectively inhibit inflammation and improve osteogenic activity, resulting in better periodontal bone regeneration. This study focuses on the protection of stem cell function in the inflammatory microenvironment, which is important for stem cell‐mediated tissue regeneration and repair under inflammatory conditions.
Biomimetic Adhesive Micropatterned Hydrogel Patches for Drug Release
Authors: Amaral Katia R. , Silva A. Sofia , Santos Lúcia F. , Castanheira Edgar J. , Mendes Maria C. , Costa Dora C.S. , Rodrigues João M. M. , Marto Joana , Mano João F.
Published: July 2023

The optimized physical adhesion between bees' leg hairs and pollen grains—whereby the latter's diameter aligns with the spacing between the hairs—has previously inspired the development of a biomimetic drug dressing. Combining this optimized process with the improved natural mussels' adhesion in wet environments in a dual biomimetic process, it is herein proposed the fabrication of a natural‐derived micropatterned hydrogel patch of methacrylated laminarin (LAM‐MET), with enriched drug content and improved adhesiveness, suitable for applications like wound healing. Enhanced adhesion is accomplished by modifying LAM‐MET with hydroxypyridinone groups, following the patch microfabrication by soft lithography and UV/vis‐irradiation, resulting in a membrane with micropillars with a high aspect ratio. Following the biomimetics rational, a drug patch is engineered by combining the microfabricated dressing with drug particles milled to fit the spaces between pillars. Controlled drug release is achieved, together with inherent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and enhanced biocompatibility using the bare micropatterned patches. This new class of biomimetic dressings overcomes the challenges of current patches, like poor mechanical properties and biocompatibility, limited adhesiveness and drug dosage, and lack of prolonged antimicrobial activity, opening new insights for the development of high drug‐loaded dressings with improved patient compliance.
Optimum Design Configuration of Thin‐Film Transistors and Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes for Active‐Matrix Displays
Authors: Baek Geun Woo , Seo Seung Gi , Hahm Donghyo , Kim Yeon Jun , Kim Kyunghwan , Lee Taesoo , Kim Jaeyoul , Bae Wan Ki , Jin Sung Hun , Kwak Jeonghun
Published: July 2023

Active matrix (AM) quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) driven by thin‐film transistors (TFTs) have attracted significant attention for use in next‐generation displays. Several challenges remain for the realisation of AM‐QLEDs, such as device design, fabrication process, and integration between QLEDs and TFTs, depending on their device structures and configurations. Herein, efficient and stable AM‐QLEDs are demonstrated using conventional and inverted structured QLEDs (C‐ and I‐QLEDs, respectively) combined with facile type‐convertible (p‐ and n‐type) single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)‐based TFTs. Based on the four possible configurations of the QLED–TFT subpixel, the performance of the SWNT TFT‐driven QLEDs and the fabrication process to determine the ideal configuration are compared, taking advantage of each structure for AM‐QLEDs. The QLEDs and TFTs are also optimized to maximise the performance of the AM‐QLEDs—the inner shell composition of quantum dots and carrier type of TFTs—resulting in a maximum external quantum efficiency and operational lifetime (at an initial luminance of 100 cd m2) of 21.2% and 38 100 000 h for the C‐QLED, and 19.1% and 133100000 h for the I‐QLED, respectively. Finally, a 5×5 AM‐QLED display array controlled using SWNT TFTs is successfully demonstrated. This study is expected to contribute to the development of advanced AM‐QLED displays.
Na4MnCr(PO4)3 with a Dual Conductive Network for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yu Sijie , Chen Yuwei , Huang Yangyang , Sun Huabin , Xie Yu , Du Sihao , Luo Wei
Published: July 2023

NASICON (NAtrium Super Ionic CONductor)‐structured Na4MnCr(PO4)3 has attracted attention as a promising cathode for sodium‐ion batteries due to its high operating voltage and specific capacity contributed by multielectron reactions. Unfortunately, its intrinsic low electronic conductivity significantly hinders the release of specific capacity and rate capability, preventing its practical application. Herein, a carbon layer with dual conductive networks connected by chain‐like Ketjen black (KB) is built on the surface of Na4MnCr(PO4)3 material. This novel Na4MnCr(PO4)3/C@KB composite material exhibits improved rate capability of 61.2 mAh g−1 at 2 C compared to 19.5 mAh g−1 of Na4MnCr(PO4)3/C and high reversible capacity of 88.0 mAh g−1 at 1 C with 73% capacity retention after 100 cycles. The enhanced electrochemical performance can be ascribed to an increase of electronic conductivity enabled by the dual conductive 3D network construction and an adequate infiltration of electrolyte by substantial pores existence in carbon layer. A promising dual conductive network design strategy is demonstrated here for improving the performance of NASICON‐structured cathodes.
DeCOOC Deconvoluted Hi‐C Map Characterizes the Chromatin Architecture of Cells in Physiologically Distinctive Tissues
Authors: Wang Junmei , Lu Lu , Zheng Shiqi , Wang Danyang , Jin Long , Zhang Qing , Li Mingzhou , Zhang Zhihua
Published: July 2023

Deciphering variations in chromosome conformations based on bulk three‐dimensional (3D) genomic data from heterogenous tissues is a key to understanding cell‐type specific genome architecture and dynamics. Surprisingly, computational deconvolution methods for high‐throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi‐C) data remain very rare in the literature. Here, a deep convolutional neural network (CNN), deconvolve bulk Hi‐C data (deCOOC) that remarkably outperformed all the state‐of‐the‐art tools in the deconvolution task is developed. Interestingly, it is noticed that the chromatin accessibility or the Hi‐C contact frequency alone is insufficient to explain the power of deCOOC, suggesting the existence of a latent embedded layer of information pertaining to the cell type specific 3D genome architecture. By applying deCOOC to in‐house‐generated bulk Hi‐C data from visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues, it is found that the characteristic chromatin features of M2 cells in the two anatomical loci are distinctively bound to different physiological functionalities. Taken together, deCOOC is both a reliable Hi‐C data deconvolution method and a powerful tool for functional extraction of 3D genome architecture.
HSP90β Impedes STUB1‐Induced Ubiquitination of YTHDF2 to Drive Sorafenib Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Liao Yuning , Liu Yuan , Yu Cuifu , Lei Qiucheng , Cheng Ji , Kong Weiyao , Yu Yuanhui , Zhuang Xuefen , Sun Wenshuang , Yin Shusha , Cai Gengxi , Huang Hongbiao
Published: July 2023

YTH domain family 2 (YTHDF2) is the first identified N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) reader that regulates the status of mRNA. It has been reported that overexpressed YTHDF2 promotes carcinogenesis; yet, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is elusive. Herein, it is demonstrated that YTHDF2 is upregulated and can predict poor outcomes in HCC. Decreased ubiquitination levels of YTHDF2 contribute to the upregulation of YTHDF2. Furthermore, heat shock protein 90 beta (HSP90β) and STIP1 homology and U‐box‐containing protein 1 (STUB1) physically interact with YTHDF2 in the cytoplasm. Mechanically, the large and small middle domain of HSP90β is required for its interaction with STUB1 and YTHDF2. HSP90β inhibits the STUB1‐induced degradation of YTHDF2 to elevate the expression of YTHDF2 and to further boost the proliferation and sorafenib resistance of HCC. Moreover, HSP90β and YTHDF2 are upregulated, while STUB1 is downregulated in HCC tissues. The expression of HSP90β is positively correlated with the YTHDF2 protein level, whereas the expression of STUB1 is negatively correlated with the protein levels of YTHDF2 and HSP90β. These findings deepen the understanding of how YTHDF2 is regulated to drive HCC progression and provide potential targets for treating HCC.
Programming Crystallographic Orientation in Additive‐Manufactured Beta‐Type Titanium Alloy
Authors: Luo Xuan , Song Tao , Gebert Annett , Neufeld Kai , Kaban Ivan , Ma Hongwei , Cai Weisi , Lu Haizhou , Li Dongdong , Li Ning , Li Yuanyuan , Yang Chao
Published: July 2023

Additively manufactured metallic materials typically exhibit preferential <001> or <110> crystallographic orientations along the build direction. Nowadays, the challenge is to program crystallographic orientation along arbitrary 3D direction in additive‐manufactured materials. In this work, it is established a technique of multitrack coupled directional solidification (MTCDS) to program the <001> crystallographic orientation along an arbitrary 3D direction in biomedical beta‐type Ti‐Nb‐Zr‐Ta alloys via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). MTCDS can be achieved via directional solidification of coupled multi‐track melt pools with a specific temperature gradient direction. This results in continuous epitaxial growth of the β‐Ti phase and consequently sets the <001> crystallographic orientation along an arbitrary 3D direction. This way, relatively low elastic modulus values of approximately 60 ± 1.2 GPa are customized along an arbitrary 3D direction. It is expected that MTCDS can be generalized to a wide range of applications for programming specific crystallographic orientations and, respectively, tailoring desired properties of different metallic materials.
Strain‐Driven Bidirectional Spin Orientation Control in Epitaxial High Entropy Oxide Films
Authors: Zhao Zhibo , Jaiswal Arun Kumar , Wang Di , Wollersen Vanessa , Xiao Zhengyu , Pradhan Gajanan , Celegato Federica , Tiberto Paola , Szymczak Maria , Dabrowa Juliusz , Waqar Moaz , Fuchs Dirk , Pan Xiaoqing , Hahn Horst , Kruk Robert , Sarkar Abhishek
Published: July 2023

High entropy oxides (HEOs), based on the incorporation of multiple‐principal cations into the crystal lattice, offer the possibility to explore previously inaccessible oxide compositions and unconventional properties. Here it is demonstrated that despite the chemical complexity of HEOs external stimuli, such as epitaxial strain, can selectively stabilize certain magneto‐electronic states. Epitaxial (Co0.2Cr0.2Fe0.2Mn0.2Ni0.2)3O4‐HEO thin films are grown in three different strain states: tensile, compressive, and relaxed. A unique coexistence of rocksalt and spinel‐HEO phases, which are fully coherent with no detectable chemical segregation, is revealed by transmission electron microscopy. This dual‐phase coexistence appears as a universal phenomenon in (Co0.2Cr0.2Fe0.2Mn0.2Ni0.2)3O4 epitaxial films. Prominent changes in the magnetic anisotropy and domain structure highlight the strain‐induced bidirectional control of magnetic properties in HEOs. When the films are relaxed, their magnetization behavior is isotropic, similar to that of bulk materials. However, under tensile strain, the hardness of the out‐of‐plane (OOP) axis increases significantly. On the other hand, compressive straining results in an easy OOP magnetization and a maze‐like magnetic domain structure, indicating the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Generally, this study emphasizes the adaptability of the high entropy design strategy, which, when combined with coherent strain engineering, opens additional prospects for fine‐tuning properties in oxides.
Realization of Visible‐Light Detection in InGaZnO Thin‐Film Transistor via Oxygen Vacancy Modulation through N2 Treatments
Authors: Xu Xindi , Zhang Meng , Yang Yuyang , Lu Lei , Lin Feng , Wong Man , Kwok Hoi‐Sing
Published: July 2023

InGaZnO (IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) have gained widespread use in active matrix (AM) displays due to their decent field‐effect mobility and low off current. However, the wide bandgap of IGZO limits their application in visible light detection. This study presents an industry process‐compatible method to achieve visible light detection in IGZO TFTs through N2 treatment during the sputtering and annealing process for the first time. A comparison with control IGZO TFTs shows that the N2‐treated IGZO TFTs exhibit a high responsivity of 0.66 A W−1 and detectivity of 5.40 × 1014 Jones for visible light detection. Based on X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and technology computer‐aided design simulations, a model, focusing on oxygen vacancy modulation, is proposed to explain the visible‐light sensitivity in IGZO TFTs with N2 treatment. This work opens up new possibilities for the integration of IGZO photodetector into AM display panels to realize in‐cell environmental detection and biometric recognition.
Ion Conducting Polymer Interfaces for Lithium Metal Anodes: Impact on the Electrodeposition Kinetics
Authors: Choudhury Snehashis , Huang Zhuojun , Amanchukwu Chibueze V. , Rudnicki Paul E. , Chen Yuelang , Boyle David Thomas , Qin Jian , Cui Yi , Bao Zhenan
Published: July 2023

Electrochemical cells that utilize metals (e.g., lithium, sodium, zinc) as anodes are under intense investigation as they are projected to replace the current lithium‐ion batteries to serve as a more energy‐dense option for commercial applications. In addition, metal electrodes provide opportunities for fundamental research of different phenomena, such as ion transport and electrochemical kinetics, in the complex environment of reactive metal‐electrodeposition. In this work, computationally and experimentally the competing effects related to transport and kinetics during the metal electrodeposition process are examined. Using Brownian dynamics simulations, it is shown that slower deposition kinetics results in a more compact and uniform Li morphology. This finding is experimentally implemented by designing ion‐containing polymeric coatings on the electrodes that simultaneously provide pathways for lithium‐ion transport, while impeding the charge transfer (Li+ + e− → Li) at heterogeneous surfaces. It is further shown that these ionic polymer interfaces can significantly extend the cell‐lifetime of a lithium metal battery in both ether‐based and carbonate‐based electrolytes. Through theoretical and experimental investigations, it is found that a low kinetic to transport rate ratio is a major factor in influencing the Li plating morphology. The plating morphology can be further fine‐tuned by increasing ionic conductivity.
In Situ Growth Engineering on 2D MXenes for Next‐Generation Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Wei Chuanliang , Xi Baojuan , Wang Peng , Wang Zhengran , An Xuguang , Tian Kangdong , Feng Jinkui , Xiong Shenglin
Published: July 2023

MXene is an emerging 2D material and shows large potential as a substrate for in situ growth of functional materials due to its merits such as large surface area, abundant nucleation sites, structural diversity, superior dispersion ability, blocking agglomeration of nanomaterials, and rich element/kind compositions. The in situ‐formed MXene‐based composites are largely applied in rechargeable batteries in the past several years by acting as active materials, serving as current collectors, decorating separators, and catalyzing electrochemical process. However, a detailed and systematic summary is still lacked. Herein, a review on in situ growth engineering on 2D MXene for next‐generation rechargeable batteries is presented in detail for the first time. Meanwhile, some outlooks and perspectives are put forward. In situ growth engineering on 2D MXenes can be achieved by calcination method, hydrothermal method, solvothermal method, room‐temperature liquid‐phase reduction method, room‐temperature liquid‐phase oxidation method, electrochemical deposition method, in situ polymerization method, vapor deposition method, mechanical milling method, microwave method, composite method, self‐reduction method, coprecipitation method, immersion method, hydrolysis method, etc. These in situ growth strategies can be extended to materials beyond MXenes, such as graphene, MBene, graphdiyne, etc.
Enhanced catalytic performance of H2SO4‐catalyzed C4 alkylation by formyl functional [N1,1,1,1][C10SO4] additive
Authors: Ma Zhihong , Zheng Weizhong , Sun Weizhen , Zhao Ling
Published: July 2023

It is of fundamental importance to assess the additive for isobutane alkylation catalyzed by the concentrated H2SO4 in actual industrial reactor, which usually contains 6.0–7.0 wt% red oil (ASO) impurity. Herein, the formyl functional [N1,1,1,1][C10SO4] additive was developed to enhance the catalytic performance of the H2SO4 taken from industrial stream with emphasis on process optimization and reaction kinetics. The ASO that existed in the H2SO4 from industrial stream has a promoting effect, and the introduction of [N1,1,1,1][C10SO4] with ratio of 0.3 wt% can further improve research octane number of alkylate even in a shorter reaction time. The kinetic model can well predict the concentration changes of key components, in which [N1,1,1,1][C10SO4] contributes to the larger reaction rate and lower activation energy for the targeted trimethylpentanes generation due to the intensified isobutane solvation. Hopefully, the novel additive has a promising application to optimize the H2SO4‐catalyzed industrial alkylation process.