bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correcting for Response Style Effects on Service Quality Measures
Authors: Mayr Thomas , Zins Andreas H.
Published: November 2011

Response style effects due to question items, answer formats, and cultural factors have gained considerable attention in marketing research. However, the published work in this field only addresses effects based on measurements in the realm of Likert-type answer formats. This study sheds light on the variations in estimated response style effects using conventional rating-based agreement/disagreement scales and contrasting them with confirmation/disconfirmation scales typically applied to service quality measurement. An empirical study within the passenger airline industry highlights substantial differences using ANOVA analysis. They are partly due to different item scales used as the basis for calculating response styles, partially due to the scale types, and are almost independent from language (cultural) differences. In general, the results give initial directions for calculating response style effects, which, nevertheless, merits more experimental testing.
Dynamic Property of a Tourism Destination Network
Authors: Yabuta Masahiro , Scott Noel
Published: November 2011

The development pattern of a tourism destination network is a factor in determining the growth of each tourism destination. This research note provides an analytical framework to investigate the dynamic properties of a tourism destination network and separately estimate the individual
and destination benefits from destination network development. The method assumes network development is a dynamic process and uses estimates from expert assessors to measure the changes in network properties over time.
Tourism Food Supply Linkages in Zambia: Evidence from the African Safari Lodge Sector
Authors: Rogerson Christian M.
Published: November 2011

The significance of strengthening intersectoral linkages between tourism and agriculture is acknowledged. In particular, the building of local linkages is considered a potential vehicle for pro-poor development. Against the background of international scholarship on tourism–agriculture
linkages this article presents findings from research on the food supply patterns of safari lodges in Zambia, a growing African tourism destination. It is concluded that while 60% of food supplies to these upmarket tourism establishments are sourced from within Zambia, the actual amount of
food production for lodges that originates in neighboring communities is relatively small. Several factors that limit local linkages are highlighted.
Youth Tourism in South Africa: The English Language Travel Sector
Authors: Correia Maisa
Published: November 2011

Language travel has gone largely unnoticed as a key contributor of youth tourism. The global language travel market is dominated by the UK and the US, with Canada, Australia, Ireland, Malta, and New Zealand also recognizing the importance of language travel for tourism. Little attention
has been paid to language travel in research, including in South Africa. This article reviews the organization and development of the language travel industry in South Africa as an important aspect of the country's youth tourism economy. South Africa's language travel industry is explored
in terms of its global position, development, size, key role players, structure, operation, and significance for the broader tourism industry. It is shown significant differences exist in the operation and source markets between inland and coastal language schools.
The Effects of CBNRM Integration into Local Government Structures and Poverty Alleviation in Botswana
Authors: Mulale Kutlwano , Mbaiwa Joseph E.
Published: November 2011

The devolution of natural resource management to local government institutions is a dominant theme in contemporary discussion of common property natural resource management. However, much has not been researched on what levels of local government ought to receive devolutionary powers.
The objective of this article, therefore, is to assess the effects of CBNRM integration into local government structures and its contribution to poverty alleviation and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Kgalagadi and Ngamiland Districts. This article is informed by the decentralization
theory. Using primary and secondary data sources, results indicate that CBNRM is not integrated into local government structures in the two districts. At the village level are community-based organizations (CBOs) whose role within the local government structure is unspecified and unclear.
Interestingly, CBOs are the units of local-level governance that received devolutionary powers of natural resource management in Botswana under the community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) program. The role of local government (District Councils) in CBNRM development is not integrated.
This study concludes by stating that CBNRM has potential to contribute to poverty alleviation and contribute to MDGs in Ngamiland and Kgalagadi Districts. However, this is possible if CBNRM can be integrated into local government structures and recognized as one of the strategies that seek
to reduce poverty and contribute to MDGs in Botswana.
Synthesis of fluoranthenes by hydroarylation of alkynes catalyzed by gold(I) or gallium trichloride
Authors: Pascual Sergio , Bour Christophe , de Mendoza Paula , Echavarren Antonio M
Published: November 2011

Electrophilic gold(I) catalyst 6 competes with GaCl3 as the catalyst of choice in the synthesis of fluoranthenes by intramolecular hydroarylation of alkynes. The potential of this catalyst for the preparation of polyarenes is illustrated by a synthesis of two functionalized decacyclenes in a one-pot transformation in which three C–C bonds are formed with high efficiency.
One true threesome: Reconciling canon and fan desire in "Star Trek: Voyager"
Authors: Kies Bridget
Published: November 2011

Fan-written stories that involve three-way relationships among the characters Tom Paris, Harry Kim, and B'Elanna Torres from Star Trek: Voyager capitalize on the homosocial bond between Paris and Kim and the canonical relationship between Paris and Torres to create a queer triangular relationship in which characterization, sexuality, and desire are all reoriented from the canon. Some of these stories relegate the nontraditional relationship to something approximating heteronormativity; in these instances, the story mirrors the canon in its often undesirable depiction of domesticity. In other stories, the triad moves away from dominant cultural expectations like marriage and children; in these stories, the triad seems to endure happily. The key to the stability of the erotic triangle therefore shifts the relationship or relationships away from the burden of hegemonic values, both in canon and in fan fiction.
Why we should talk about commodifying fan work
Authors: Noppe Nele
Published: November 2011

Fan work's potential role in the cultural economy—in other words, its commodification—is an issue that has received little attention from fans and fan scholars. It is time to consider how we can ensure that commodification of fan work ends up benefiting fans first.
"Adolescents and online fan fiction," by Rebecca Black
Authors: Cubbison Laurie B.
Published: November 2011

Review of Rebecca W. Black. Adolescents and online fan fiction. New York: Peter Lang, 2008. Paperback, $29.95 (172p), ISBN 978-0820497389.
Universities and Economic Development Activities
Authors: Decter Moira , Cave Frank , Rose Mary , Peers Gill , Fogg Helen , Smith Susan M.
Published: November 2011

A number of UK universities prioritize economic development or regeneration activities and for some of these universities such activities are the main focus of their knowledge transfer work. This study compares two regions of the UK – the North West and the South East of England – which have very different levels of economic performance. Quantitative data from the UK government's Higher Education Business and Community Interaction Survey are used to track economic development funding and activity from universities in these two regions. Strategy documents prepared for the fourth round of the government's Higher Education Innovation Fund are analysed to aid interpretations. Elements of evolutionary theory are used to explore the reasons for the differences and a case study of one university programme, Leading Enterprise and Development, is provided as an illustrative example.
Barriers to Assessing Fitness to Drive in Dementia in Nova Scotia: Informing Strategies for Knowledge Translation
Authors: Moorhouse Paige , Hamilton Laura , Fisher Tracey , Rockwood Kenneth
Published: November 2011

Background and PurposeOver half a million Canadians have a diagnosis of dementia, approximately 25–30% of whom continue to drive. Individuals with dementia have a risk of motor vehicle collision up to eight times that of drivers without dementia. In Nova Scotia, the responsibility of reporting unsafe drivers is discretionary, but national survey data indicate that many physicians do not feel comfortable assessing driving safety. We report on barriers to addressing driving safety as identified by Nova Scotian primary care physicians (PCPs).MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of surveys completed by 134 English-speaking, Nova Scotian PCPs (mean years of practice 17.9±11; 53% female; 58% urban). Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and multivariate linear and logistic regression (controlling for sex, urban/rural, and years of practice).ResultsMost PCPs (96%) routinely address driving safety in dementia, but physicians at all levels of experience find these discussions uncomfortable and sometimes avoid them. PCPs experience multiple barriers to assessing driving in dementia and desire further education and resources.ConclusionsIn Nova Scotia, driving assessment is considered part of routine care in dementia, but general lack of comfort in administering these assessments is a risk. To improve physician comfort further education and resources are required.﻿
Node‐specific branching and heterochronic changes underlie population‐level differences in Mimulus guttatus (Phrymaceae) shoot architecture
Authors: Baker Robert L. , Diggle Pamela K.
Published: November 2011

• Premise of the study: Shoot architecture is a fundamentally developmental aspect of plant biology with implications for plant form, function, reproduction, and life history evolution. Mimulus guttatus is morphologically diverse and becoming a model for evolutionary biology. Shoot architecture, however, has never been studied from a developmental perspective in M. guttatus.

• Methods: We examined the development of branches and flowers in plants from two locally adapted populations of M. guttatus with contrasting flowering times, life histories, and branch numbers. We planted second‐generation seed in growth chambers to control for maternal and environmental effects.

• Key results: Most branches occurred at nodes one and two of the main axis. Onset of branching occurred earlier and at a greater frequency in perennials than in annuals. In perennials, almost all flowers occurred at the fifth or more distal nodes. In annuals, most flowers occurred at the third and more distal nodes. Accessory axillary meristems and higher‐order branching did not influence shoot architecture.

• Conclusions: We found no evidence for trade‐offs between flowers and branches because axillary meristem number was not limiting: a large number of meristems remained quiescent. If, however, quiescence is a component of meristem allocation strategy, then meristems may be limited despite presence of quiescent meristems. At the two basalmost nodes, branch number was determined by mechanisms governing either meristem initiation or outgrowth, rather than flowering vs. branching. At the third and more distal nodes, heterochronic processes contributed to flowering time and branch number differences between populations.
What Should I Know About Recurrent UTIs in Older Women?
Authors: Advani Sonali D. , Claeys Kimberly C. , Siddiqui Nazema Y.
Published: June 2024

This JAMA Internal Medicine Patient Page describes urinary tract infections, their causes, and how to treat them and prevent future episodes.
High‐Loading L‐Arginine Stabilized in an Oxygen‐Rich Lanthanide Metal–Organic Framework Capable of NO Release and Self‐Quantifying Luminescence Detection
Authors: Xu Linyao , Wang Zicheng , Li Guangming , Li Yuxin
Published: June 2024

Exogenous supplementation of L‐arginine (L‐Arg) facilitates the release of nitric oxide (NO) for gas therapy applications in tumor microenvironments rich in H2O2. However, direct administration inevitably leads to the premature release of hydrophilic L‐Arg in the bloodstream, potentially resulting in unstable plasma L‐Arg concentrations and subsequent adverse reactions. Therefore, it is crucial to identify efficient and stable high‐dose L‐Arg delivery carriers, albeit challenging. Here, the study has achieved high (≈94 mg g−1) and stable L‐Arg loading within a 12‐coordinated Yb‐based lanthanide metal‐organic framework (named Yb‐DOBDC, where DOBDC is 2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalic acid). Yb‐DOBDC features size‐matched apertures and oxygen‐rich pore microenvironments, securely entrapping L‐Arg through electrostatic interactions and conjugation effects, thereby enhancing the biostability of the drug during delivery. In vitro experiments demonstrate that L‐Arg‐loaded Yb‐DOBDC (L‐Arg@Yb‐DOBDC) promotes NO release upon H2O2 stimulation, and the Yb‐DOBDC framework exhibits good biocompatibility within cells. More interestingly, the near‐infrared‐luminescence‐emitting Yb‐DOBDC exhibits a “turn‐off” behavior upon gradual loading of L‐Arg, enabling self‐quantifying luminescence detection during the encapsulation process. Consequently, the L‐Arg@Yb‐DOBDC system designed in this work, with its high/stable loading capacity and self‐quantifying luminescence detection capability, holds theoretical research value and potential practical application prospects.
Realizing Superior Durability of Water Electrolyzer Using Anion Exchange Membrane with an Interstitial Alkyl Chain: From a Single Cell to Large‐Sized 1‐cell Stack
Authors: Lim Haeryang , Jeong Jae‐Yeop , Shin Giwon , Kim Chiho , Choi Geoneop , Myeong Shin‐Woo , Choi Sung Mook , Park Taiho
Published: June 2024

Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) has gained attention as an attractive alternative to alkaline and proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) due to its high efficiency and low hydrogen unit cost. However, the long‐term durability of AEMWE is ≈10 times lower than that of PEMWE, which typically operates for 40 000 h. Here, a new design strategy is presented for aryl ether‐free PFPBPF‐QA anion exchange membranes with interstitial alkyl chains in the conducting groups and polymer backbone. The rationally designed PFPBPF‐4‐QA, with a suitable ion exchange capacity, shows high ionic conductivity, mechanical properties, alkaline stability, and stronger membrane‐ionomer contact properties at the catalyst layers. A single AEMWE cell using PFPBPF‐4‐QA demonstrated a voltage decay rate of 2 mV kh−1 at 1.0 A cm−2, which is significantly lower than that reported for AEMWEs and Nafion‐based PEMWEs. Additionally, a large‐sized 1‐cell AEMWE stack utilizing PFPBPF‐4‐QA with an active area of 63.6 cm2 achieved an energy conversion efficiency of 80.2% and a voltage decay rate of 1.5 mV kh−1 for 2 000 h, with over 90% of the initial efficiency maintained for over 49 095 h based on an exponential fitting calculation.
Ultrafast‐and‐Ultralight ConvNet‐Based Intelligent Monitoring System for Diagnosing Early‐Stage Mpox Anytime and Anywhere
Authors: Yue Yubiao , Shi Xiaoqiang , Qin Li , Zhang Xinyue , Xu Jialong , Zheng Zipei , Li Zhenzhang , Li Yang
Published: June 2024

Due to the absence of more efficient diagnostic tools, the spread of mpox continues to be unchecked. Although related studies have demonstrated the high efficiency of deep learning models in diagnosing mpox, key aspects such as model inference speed and parameter size have always been overlooked. Herein, an ultrafast and ultralight network named Fast‐MpoxNet is proposed. Fast‐MpoxNet, with only 0.27 mparameters, can process input images at 68 frames per second (FPS) on the CPU. To detect subtle image differences and optimize model parameters better, Fast‐MpoxNet incorporates an attention‐based feature fusion module and a multiple auxiliary losses enhancement strategy. Experimental results indicate that Fast‐MpoxNet, utilizing transfer learning and data augmentation, produces 98.40% classification accuracy for four classes on the mpox dataset. Furthermore, its Recall for early‐stage mpox is 93.65%. Most importantly, an application system named Mpox‐AISM V2 is developed, suitable for both personal computers and smartphones. Mpox‐AISM V2 can rapidly and accurately diagnose mpox and can be easily deployed in various scenarios to offer the public real‐time mpox diagnosis services. This work has the potential to mitigate future mpox outbreaks and pave the way for developing real‐time diagnostic tools in the healthcare field.
Broad Protection against Invasive Fungal Disease from a Nanobody Targeting the Active Site of Fungal β‐1,3‐Glucanosyltransferases
Authors: Redrado‐Hernández Sergio , Macías‐León Javier , Castro‐López Jorge , Belén Sanz Ana , Dolader Elena , Arias Maykel , González‐Ramírez Andrés Manuel , Sánchez‐Navarro David , Petryk Yuliya , Farkaš Vladimír , Vincke Cécile , Muyldermans Serge , García‐Barbazán Irene , del Agua Celia , Zaragoza Oscar , Arroyo Javier , Pardo Julián , Gálvez Eva M. , Hurtado‐Guerrero Ramon
Published: June 2024

Invasive fungal disease accounts for about 3.8 million deaths annually, an unacceptable rate that urgently prompts the discovery of new knowledge‐driven treatments. We report the use of camelid single‐domain nanobodies (Nbs) against fungal β‐1,3‐glucanosyltransferases (Gel) involved in β‐1,3‐glucan transglycosylation. Crystal structures of two Nbs with Gel4 from Aspergillus fumigatus revealed binding to a dissimilar CBM43 domain and a highly conserved catalytic domain across fungal species, respectively. Anti‐Gel4 active site Nb3 showed significant antifungal efficacy in vitro and in vivo prophylactically and therapeutically against different A. fumigatus and Cryptococcus neoformans isolates, reducing the fungal burden and disease severity, thus significantly improving immunocompromised animal survival. Notably, C. deneoformans (serotype D) strains were more susceptible to Nb3 and genetic Gel deletion than C. neoformans (serotype A) strains, indicating a key role for β‐1,3‐glucan remodelling in C. deneoformans survival. These findings add new insight about the role of β‐1,3‐glucan in fungal biology and demonstrate the potential of nanobodies in targeting fungal enzymes to combat invasive fungal diseases.
Review recent rulings involving accommodations
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: June 2024

An overview of the key topics faced by higher education professionals with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
Effects of intentional early dense‐polytetrafluoroethylene membrane removal on vertical ridge augmentation
Authors: Belleggia Fabrizio
Published: June 2024

Background

Vertical ridge augmentation (VRA) requires long healing times for bone maturation. This case study deals with the intentional early removal of a titanium‐reinforced dense polytetrafluoroethylene (TR‐dPTFE) membrane that allowed for treatment times reduction and improvement of bone quality.

Methods

A TR‐dPTFE membrane was used for VRA in the premolar region of the upper right maxilla. The defect was filled with a mix of particulate autogenous bone and porcine xenograft in a 1:1 ratio. After a 4‐month uneventful healing period, the membrane was removed, and the thick keratinized palatal tissue was moved toward the buccal side via a pedicle flap. Implants insertion and healing abutments application were carried out 3 months later, when bone graft could have been revascularized and nourished by the periosteum.

Results

The histologic evaluation of a bone sample harvested during implant bed preparation revealed a huge amount of mature newly formed bone even in the most coronal part. Two screw‐retained crowns were delivered 2 months after implant insertion and the 3.5‐year follow‐up showed perfectly maintained hard and soft tissues.

Conclusions

Intentional early removal of TR‐dPTFE membrane after a 4‐month healing time, with simultaneous soft tissue augmentation via a buccally reposioned pedicle flap, allowed graft revascularization from the periosteum, and resulted in optimal quantity and quality of the regenerated bone. This process shortened the overall treatment times, taking only 9 months from VRA to prosthetic loading. Both augmented hard and soft tissues allowed for crestal bone maintenance around implants.

Key points

Titanium‐reinforced dense polytetrafluoroethylene (TR‐dPTFE) membranes, due to their closed structure, do not allow the passage of cells and vessels from the periosteum, and revascularization from the residual bone alone is not enough for proper graft maturation and long‐term crestal bone maintenance.

Early removal of TR‐dPTFE membrane allows graft revascularization from the periosteum, and results in optimal quantity and quality of the regenerated bone.

Increasing the thickness of the soft tissues, increasing the width of the keratinized mucosa, and repositioning the mucogingival line, via a free gingival graft or a pedicle flap, should be performed simultaneously in the membrane removal phase to reduce the number of surgical interventions, decrease patient morbidity, and shorten the total treatment time.
In‐Situ Characterization Techniques for Mechanism Studies of CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Singh Rasmeet , Wang Lizhuo , Huang Jun
Published: June 2024

The paramount concerns of global warming, fossil fuel depletion, and energy crises have prompted the need of hydrocarbons productions via CO2 conversion. In order to achieve global carbon neutrality, much attention needs to be diverted towards CO2 management. Catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 is an exciting opportunity to curb the increasing CO2 and produce value‐added products. However, the comprehensive understanding of CO2 hydrogenation is still a matter of discussion due to its complex reaction mechanism and involvement of various species. This review comprehensively discusses three processes: reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction, modified Fischer Tropsch synthesis (MFTS), and methanol‐mediated route (MeOH) for CO2 hydrogenation to hydrocarbons. Along with analysing the reaction pathways, it is also very important to understand the real‐time evolvement of catalytic process and reaction intermediates by employing in‐situ characterization techniques under actual reaction conditions. Subsequently, in second part of this review, we provided a systematic analysis of advancements in in‐situ techniques aimed to monitor the evolution of catalysts during CO2 reduction process. The section also highlights the key components of in‐situ cells, their working principles, and applications in identifying reaction mechanisms for CO2 hydrogenation. Finally, by reviewing respective achievements in the field, we identify key gaps and present some future directions for CO2 hydrogenation and in‐situ studies.
Improving Photophysical Properties of Deazaflavin Derivatives by Acrylaldehyde Bridging: A Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Guo Huimin , Liu Siyu , Liu Xin , Zhao Jianzhang
Published: June 2024

The electronic structure and photophysical properties of several acrylaldehyde‐bridged deazaflavin derivatives (cFLs) were investigated theoretically. The impact of acrylaldehyde bridging on photophysical properties of deazaflavin (cFL) is strongly site‐dependent. Specifically, the change of adiabatic energy of electronic transitions(ΔEad) and vibronic coupling promote fluorescent emission to be comparable to internal conversion of cFL and cFL4 (both C5−C6 and C9−N10 bridged, but C9−N10 bridged by propene), turning them eligible as fluorescent sensors. As El‐Sayed's rule is satisfied in cFL1(C5−C6 bridged), cFL2(C9−N10 bridged) and cFL3(both C5−C6 and C9−N10 bridged), intersystem crossing from first singlet excited state to triplet excited states (Tn) become dominant and the evolution of excited cFLs from T1 appears vital. The rate constants of photophysical processes indicate these cFLs are of dominantly high steady state T1 concentration and are potential triplet sensitizers. We expect the findings would pave the way for rational design of novel cFLs with extraordinary photophysical properties.
NIDA starts new study, at infancy, complementary to ABCD
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2024

The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) has a new study underway, designed to look at how environmental exposures, especially to opioids and other drugs, affect infant and child brain development. The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study recruits pregnant women to study their infants from birth. NIDA is conducting this study as part of the multi‐agency Helping to End Addiction Long‐term (HEAL) Initiative of the National Institutes of Health.
Information on semaglutide and compounding
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2024

Semaglutide belongs to a class of medications known as glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists. It mimics the GLP‐1 hormone that is released in the gastrointestinal tract in response to eating. One role of GLP‐1 is to prompt the body to produce more insulin, which reduces blood glucose (sugar). GLP‐1 in higher amounts also interacts with the parts of the brain that reduce appetite and signal a feeling of fullness.
A Systematic Bioinformatics Approach for Mapping the Minimal Set of a Viral Peptidome
Authors: Chong Li Chuin , Khan Asif M.
Published: June 2024

Sequence changes in viral genomes generate protein sequence diversity that enables viruses to evade the host immune system, hindering the development of effective preventive and therapeutic interventions. The massive proliferation of sequence data provides unprecedented opportunities to study viral adaptation and evolution. An alignment‐free approach removes various restrictions posed by an alignment‐dependent approach for studying sequence diversity. The publicly available tool, UNIQmin, offers an alignment‐free approach for studying viral sequence diversity at any given rank of taxonomy lineage and is big data ready. The tool performs an exhaustive search to determine the minimal set of sequences required to capture the peptidome diversity within a given dataset. This compression is possible through the removal of identical sequences and unique sequences that do not contribute effectively to the peptidome diversity pool. Herein, we describe a detailed four‐part protocol utilizing UNIQmin to generate the minimal set for the purpose of viral diversity analyses, alignment‐free at any rank of the taxonomy lineage, using the recent global public health threat Monkeypox virus (MPX) sequence data as a case study. The protocol enables a systematic bioinformatics approach to study sequence diversity across taxonomic lineages, which is crucial for our future preparedness against viral epidemics. This is particularly important when data are abundant, freely available, and alignment is not an option. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Tool installation and input file preparation

Basic Protocol 2: Generation of a minimal set of sequences for a given dataset

Basic Protocol 3: Comparative minimal set analysis across taxonomic lineage ranks

Basic Protocol 4: Factors affecting the minimal set of sequences
Litchi postharvest physiology and handling
Authors: Huang Chao Chia , Paull Robert E. , Wang Tsu‐Tsuen
Published: June 2024

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) fruit, with its bright red color and sweet and juicy aril, is an important fruit crop in Asia, Africa, Australia, and South America. A major cause of the postharvest loss of litchi fruit is browning and decay. Chlorophyll breakdown and flavonoid synthesis occur simultaneously during the maturation of this nonclimacteric fruit. However, once litchi fruit is harvested, pericarp desiccation and membrane breakdown occur, which leads to browning with the rate of browning and later microcracking paralleling water loss rate. In addition, chilling injury can contribute to and increase pericarp browning and membrane leakage. Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase are possibly key enzymes in the early stages of browning. An increase in the leakage of the pericarp membrane also occurs that correlates with browning. Many chemical treatments have been evaluated to retard pericarp browning, such as melatonin, hot water, acidified calcium sulfate (ACS), adenosine triphosphate, and tea seed oil. During long distance transportation, chemical treatments that involve sulfur are used, including SO2 fumigation, acid dip after SO2 fumigation, SO2 fumigation and sulfur sheet package, or SO2 fumigation followed by controlled atmosphere (CA), if approved by the importing country. Other treatments that avoid the use of SO2 include melatonin, ACS, and hot water brushing combined with an acid dip, CA, and modified atmosphere packaging. Anthracnose is a common disease that accelerates browning and decay. Penicillium species as a saprophyte is also common with fruit infection occurring in the field, during harvest, in the packhouse, cold rooms, and shipping containers. Sulfur sheet or CA is used to reduce fruit rot after SO2 fumigation and Sportak (prochloraz) for the control of penicillium. However, a replacement for postharvest SO2 use is still urgently needed.
Consider a transition program for new students — Part 2
Authors: Hamblet Elizabeth C.
Published: June 2024

In my last column (https://bit.ly/44Xjc7C), I wrote about some of the logistics involved in running a special transition program. This month, I’ll continue offering ideas gleaned from my conversations with Madeline Schutt of Longwood University (Accessibility Resources Office Empowers program), Melissa D. Choate of Muskingum University (LEAP program, offered to participants in their PLUS program), Courtney Jarrett of Ball State University (Connecting Accessible Resources with Disability Services), and Ian Kunkes and Brandi Levingston of Virginia Commonwealth University (Student Accessibility and Educational Opportunity Scholars, which lasts all year but has a Smart Start orientation program).
Circulating beta‐hydroxybutyrate levels in advanced heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: Determinants and prognostic impact
Authors: Monzo Luca , Kovar Jan , Borlaug Barry A. , Benes Jan , Kotrc Martin , Kroupova Katerina , Jabor Antonin , Franekova Janka , Melenovsky Vojtech
Published: June 2024

Aims

Patients with heart failure (HF) display metabolic alterations, including heightened ketogenesis, resulting in increased beta‐hydroxybutyrate (β‐OHB) formation. We aimed to investigate the determinants and prognostic impact of circulating β‐OHB levels in patients with advanced HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods and results

A total of 867 patients with advanced HFrEF (age 57 ± 11 years, 83% male, 45% diabetic, 60% New York Heart Association class III), underwent clinical and echocardiographic examination, circulating metabolite assessment, and right heart catheterization (n = 383). The median β‐OHB level was 64 (interquartile range [IQR] 33–161) μmol/L (normal 0–74 μmol/L). β‐OHB levels correlated with increased markers of lipolysis (free fatty acids [FFA]), higher natriuretic peptides, worse pulmonary haemodynamics, and lower humoral regulators of ketogenesis (insulin/glucagon ratio). During a median follow‐up of 1126 (IQR 410–1781) days, there were 512 composite events, including 324 deaths, 81 left ventricular assist device implantations and 107 urgent cardiac transplantations. In univariable Cox regression, increased β‐OHB levels (T3 vs. T1: hazard ratio [HR] 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–1.72, p = 0.002) and elevated FFA levels (T3 vs. T1: HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.09–1.79, p = 0.008) were both predictors of a worse prognosis. In multivariable Cox analysis evaluating the simultaneous associations of FFA and β‐OHB levels with outcomes, only FFA levels remained significantly associated with adverse outcomes.

Conclusions

In patients with advanced HFrEF, increased plasma β‐OHB correlate with FFA levels, worse right ventricular function, greater neurohormonal activation and other markers of HF severity. The association between plasma β‐OHB and adverse outcomes is eliminated after accounting for FFA levels, suggesting that increased β‐OHB is a consequence reflecting heightened lipolytic state, rather than a cause of worsening HF.
Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Facile Synthesis of Triphenylamine‐Based Hole‐Transport Material with D–A1–A2 Structure
Authors: Li Huiru , Wang Jingsheng , Wang Jian , Sun Chaojun , Xu Yuanyuan , Tao Youtian , Sun Zhengyi
Published: June 2024

In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the selection of the hole‐transport material (HTM) markedly influences both the achievement of high efficiency and overall stability. This study outlines the synthesis of a dopant‐free HTM founded on the donor–acceptor1–acceptor2 (D–A1–A2)‐conjugated structure and its integration into PSCs. The ensuing PSCs showcase a power conversion efficiency of 17.8%, comparable to NiOx inorganic HTM‐based devices and surpassing poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate polymeric HTM‐based devices. The efficiency comparable to NiOx is attributed to the efficient hole extraction and transport facilitated by the conjugated π junctions in the specifically designed structure. Furthermore, these devices exhibit enhanced stability, maintaining 95% of their initial performance for 60 d in an N2 atmosphere without encapsulation. The improved stability primarily arises from the hydrophobic nature of the HTM. The larger π‐conjugated molecules lead to a denser film by reducing intermolecular space, effectively retarding water intrusion and providing superior protection to the perovskite layer. Thus, the dopant‐free D–A1–A2 HTM with an extended conjugated π structure not only effectively enhances device efficiency but also substantially improves device stability.
Characterization of reduced astrocyte creatine kinase levels in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zheng Tianyu , Kotol David , Sjöberg Rebecca , Mitsios Nicholas , Uhlén Mathias , Zhong Wen , Edfors Fredrik , Mulder Jan
Published: June 2024

The creatine‐phosphocreatine cycle serves as a crucial temporary energy buffering system in the brain, regulated by brain creatine kinase (CKB), in maintaining Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been linked to increased CKB oxidation and loss of its regulatory function, although specific pathological processes and affected cell types remain unclear. In our study, cerebral cortex samples from individuals with AD, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and age‐matched controls were analyzed using antibody‐based methods to quantify CKB levels and assess alterations associated with disease processes. Two independently validated antibodies exclusively labeled astrocytes in the human cerebral cortex. Combining immunofluorescence (IF) and mass spectrometry (MS), we explored CKB availability in AD and DLB cases. IF and Western blot analysis demonstrated a loss of CKB immunoreactivity correlated with increased plaque load, severity of tau pathology, and Lewy body pathology. However, transcriptomics data and targeted MS demonstrated unaltered total CKB levels, suggesting posttranslational modifications (PTMs) affecting antibody binding. This aligns with altered efficiency at proteolytic cleavage sites indicated in the targeted MS experiment. These findings highlight that the proper function of astrocytes, understudied in the brain compared with neurons, is highly affected by PTMs. Reduction in ATP levels within astrocytes can disrupt ATP‐dependent processes, such as the glutamate‐glutamine cycle. As CKB and the creatine‐phosphocreatine cycle are important in securing constant ATP availability, PTMs in CKB, and astrocyte dysfunction may disturb homeostasis, driving excitotoxicity in the AD brain. CKB and its activity could be promising biomarkers for monitoring early‐stage energy deficits in AD.
Soluble Fibrinogen–Like Protein 2 Downregulation and Th17/Treg Imbalance in a Taurocholate‐Induced Murine Experimental Model of Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Hu Yibing , Ding Jin , Chen Yanping , Wang Qunying , Yang Xiaoyun , Hua Hongjun , Ye Xiaohua
Published: June 2024

Background

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is associated with tremendous systemic inflammation, T‐helper 17 (Th17) cells, and regulatory T (Treg) cells play an essential role in the inflammatory responses. Meanwhile, soluble fibrinogen–like protein 2 (Sfgl2) is a critical immunosuppressive effector cytokine of Treg cells and modulates immune responses. However, the impact of SAP induction on Sfgl2 expression and the role of Sfgl2 in immunomodulation under SAP conditions are largely unknown.

Methods

A taurocholate‐induced mouse SAP model was established. The ratios of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells or CD4+IL‐17+ Th17 cells in blood and pancreatic tissues as well as surface expression of CD80, CD86, and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC‐II) were determined by flow cytometry. Gene mRNA expression was determined by qPCR. Serum amylase and soluble factors were quantitated by commercial kits. Bone marrow–derived dendritic cells (DCs) were generated, and NF‐κB/p65 translocation was measured by immunofluorescence staining.

Results

SAP induction in mice decreased the Th17/Treg ratio in the pancreatic tissue and increased the Th17/Treg ratio in the peripheral blood. In addition, SAP was associated with a reduced level of Sfgl2 in the pancreatic tissue and blood: higher levels of serum IL‐17, IL‐2, IFN‐α, and TNF‐α, and lower levels of serum IL‐4 and IL‐10. Furthermore, the SAP‐induced reduction in Sfgl2 expression was accompanied by dysregulated maturation of bone marrow–derived DCs.

Conclusions

SAP causes reduced Sfgl2 expression and Th17/Treg imbalance, thus providing critical insights for the development of Sfgl2‐ and Th17/Treg balance‐targeted immunotherapies for patients with SAP.
Dental school department strategic planning: A department driven approach
Authors: Marchini Leonardo , Schneider Galen , Stanford Clark
Published: June 2024

Drafting strategic plans for dental school departments traditionally involves a committee‐led or leadership‐driven process, often overlooking input from the majority of departmental members. In this manuscript, the authors advocate for a novel approach wherein departmental activities undergo comprehensive review and analysis, and the establishment of novel objectives through diverse forums of engagement with both faculty and staff, conducted collectively and individually over a concise time limit. This methodology endeavors to solicit input from all departmental constituents through varied channels, fostering an environment wherein all members feel empowered to express their viewpoints, resulting in a strategic plan that resonates with the entire department and enhances the likelihood of successful implementation.
Individual differences in the discounting of combination outcomes in which immediate gains are followed by delayed losses
Authors: Ning Ke , Green Leonard , Myerson Joel
Published: June 2024

The vast majority of studies on discounting have focused on simple delayed outcomes, but most everyday decisions are more complicated. The present experiment focused on one such scenario, an iconic self‐control situation in which immediate gains are followed by delayed losses. The same participants were studied in all conditions to permit examination of individual differences in choice behavior using intercorrelations and factor analysis. Consistent with previous research, the hyperboloid model accurately described the form of the discounting function and discounting was not affected by the amount of the delayed loss when it was presented alone. However, replicating other studies, smaller delayed losses were discounted more steeply than larger ones when presented in combination with immediate gains. Exploratory factor analysis revealed two factors, one loading primarily on loss‐only conditions and the other loading primarily on conditions involving outcomes that combined gains and losses. These results imply that there are individual differences in how one combines gains and losses and that this characteristic of individual decision making might be an important predictor of decisions in the many everyday choice situations that involve complex outcomes.
A meta‐analysis and cost‐minimization analysis of cryoballoon ablation versus radiofrequency ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Nitta Yoshimi , Nishimura Michiko , Shibahara Hidetoshi , Yamane Teiichi
Published: June 2024

Background

Previous studies have shown inconsistent results in clinical effectiveness between cryoballoon ablation (CBA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and cost assessment between the procedures is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness between the procedures in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) refractory to antiarrhythmic drug therapy.

Methods

A systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed. The primary outcome for the meta‐analysis was long‐term AF recurrence. Following the results of the meta‐analysis, the cost‐effectiveness of CBA versus RFA in Japan was assessed.

Results

The meta‐analysis included 12 randomized controlled trials and six propensity‐score matching cohort studies. AF recurrence was slightly lower in patients referred for CBA than for RFA, with an integrated risk ratio of 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.81–1.07) and an integrated hazard ratio of 0.96 (95% confidence interval: 0.77–1.19), but no significant difference was found. A cost‐minimization analysis was conducted to compare the medical costs of CBA versus RFA because there was no significant difference in the risk of AF recurrence between the procedures. The estimated costs for CBA and RFA were JPY 4 858 544 (USD 32 390) and JPY 4 505 255 (USD 30 035), respectively, with cost savings for RFA of JPY 353 289 (USD 2355).

Conclusion

Our meta‐analysis suggests that CBA provides comparable benefits with regard to AF recurrence compared with RFA, as shown in previous studies. Although the choice of treatment should be based on patient and treatment characteristics, RFA was shown that it might be cost saving as compared to CBA.
New SST indices and strength of their correlation with long and short rains over East Africa at different lead times relative to some existing indices
Authors: Assamnew Abera Debebe , Tsidu Gizaw Mengistu
Published: June 2024

This study assesses the skill of existing indices and newly introduced sea surface temperature (SST) indices in predicting rainfall over East Africa (EA) during short rains from September to December (SOND) and long rains from March to May (MAM). The existing and newly introduced indices were selected based on grid point correlation and spatial mean correlation. West–east SST gradient over the Indian Ocean (WEIO), north–south SST gradient over the Pacific Ocean (NSPO), anomalies over the western Indian Ocean (WIO) and anomalies over the eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO) from newly developed indices, and bivariate ENSO time series (BEST), Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), Niño3.4, western Pacific gradient (WPG) and dipole index moment (DMI) from existing indices have a positive correlation with SOND rainfall at 5% () significance level. West–east SST gradient over the Pacific Ocean (WEPO) and SST anomalies over the southern Pacific Ocean (SPO) from new indices and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) from existing indices have a significant negative correlation with SOND rainfall over EA. SST anomalies over central and eastern Pacific and Indian oceans significantly correlate with SOND rainfall over southern EA (SEA) and equatorial EA (EEA). Rainfall over northern EA (NEA) has a significant negative correlation with SST over the east and central Pacific oceans. Negative correlation extends northeast and southeast from North of Australia over the Pacific Ocean during MAM. WEIO, WIO, NSPO, Niño3.4, Atlantic Oscillation (AO) and WPG have shown strong and significant () relations at least over one subregion. The new SST and existing oceanic indices have a stronger and more significant correlation with short rains than long rains over EA, except in the northern part of EA. Correlation, RMSE and skill score of regression models revealed that new indices showed higher performance than existing indices over EEA and SEA in predicting rainfall, unlike over NEA during both seasons.
Mixed competition and horizontal shareholding in competing supply chains
Authors: Li Chaofan , Chen Xiaofang , Gao Dan
Published: June 2024

We consider two‐tier competing supply chains wherein downstream firms are engaged in mixed (Cournot–Bertrand or Bertrand–Cournot) competition and one downstream firm horizontally holds the rival firm's profit. Our results show that the type of mixed competition plays a crucial role in determining pricing and quantity decisions. The acquiring supply chain member's profit may be lower than the rival chain in Cournot–Bertrand retail competition. However, in Bertrand–Cournot retail competition, the upstream firm's profit of acquired supply chain is always higher, but the downstream firm's profit may be lower than the acquiring supply chain.
A multi‐fidelity residual neural network based surrogate model for mechanical behaviour of structured sand
Authors: Zhou Zhihao , Yin Zhen‐Yu , He Geng‐Fu , Jiang Mingjing
Published: June 2024

The structured sand presents significant interparticle bonding and anisotropy, resulting in significant differences in the physical and mechanical properties from the pure sand. This study proposes a new surrogate model based on the concept of multi‐fidelity residual neural network (MR‐NN) as an alternative to DEM simulation for predicting the mechanical behaviours of structured sand with different initial anisotropy and saving largely computational costs. The model is initially trained using low‐fidelity (LF) data to focus on capturing the main underpinning correlations between macroscopic mechanical parameters with inter‐particle properties and anisotropic state variables (i.e., microscopic fabric and tilting angle of sand), where the LF data are generated from previously proposed anisotropic macro‐micro quantitative correlation. Subsequent training on sparser high‐fidelity (HF) data is used to calibrate and refine the model with HF data generated from DEM simulations for anisotropic structured sand. Feedforward neural network (FNN) is adopted as the baseline algorithm for training models. The macroscopic anisotropic parameters of structured sand predicted by the surrogate model are compared with DEM simulations to examine its feasibility and generalization ability. Furthermore, the robustness of the surrogate model is examined by discussing the effect of LF data on the performance of MR‐NN. The superiority of the MR‐NN is further verified by comparing the performance of the trained MR‐NN with the one‐shot trained FNN based on the same HF data. All results demonstrate that the proposed surrogate model can provide a fast and accurate simulation of the anisotropic parameters of structured sand.