bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in HIV-1 Vaccine Development
Authors: Gao Yong , McKay Paul , Mann Jamie
Published: April 2018

An efficacious HIV-1 vaccine is regarded as the best way to halt the ongoing HIV-1 epidemic. However, despite significant efforts to develop a safe and effective vaccine, the modestly protective RV144 trial remains the only efficacy trial to provide some level of protection against HIV-1 acquisition. This review will outline the history of HIV vaccine development, novel technologies being applied to HIV vaccinology and immunogen design, as well as the studies that are ongoing to advance our understanding of vaccine-induced immune correlates of protection.
Groundwater Governance in the Azores Archipelago (Portugal): Valuing and Protecting a Strategic Resource in Small Islands
Authors: Cruz J. , Soares Nuno
Published: April 2018

Studies on groundwater governance status at EU national and river basin district levels are rare, hindering lessons learned at each administrative scale to be shared. Groundwater is a common-pool resource of strategic significance in the Azores archipelago (Portugal), thus calling for sustainable development. Groundwater governance emerged in the last decades as a path to sustainable resources management, and the present paper characterizes the current status of governance in the Azores, where management is pursued according to a vertically-integrated system. A survey made among 43 specialists showed that despite the instrumental role of groundwater for water supply there is a need to increase awareness on groundwater valuing and protection. The application of benchmark criteria to evaluate the groundwater governance state-of-art shows that technical capacities are diminishing governance effectiveness due to the lack of quantitative data, and further enforcing of the groundwater legal framework to the specificities of the Azores is needed. The empowerment of the government agency being responsible for the groundwater management is also envisaged. The failure to account for the economic dimension of the groundwater governance, the insufficient development of cross-sectorial approaches, and the unsuccessful public participation are other weaknesses on the groundwater governance in the Azores.
An Analysis of the Potential Impact of Climate Change on the Structural Reliability of Drinking Water Pipes in Cold Climate Regions
Authors: Bruaset Stian , Sægrov Sveinung
Published: April 2018

The climate is changing worldwide. For the northern hemisphere there are distinct challenges related to climate change. It is expected that temperature on a general basis will increase within the next 100 years, and that the increase will be most severe during winter months. The literature shows a correlation between temperature and failures. This correlation is most evident for smaller grey cast iron pipes, and for pipes which is constructed in trenches vulnerable to frost heave. A comprehensive amount of failure data (over 25,000 failures) has been gathered from Norwegian cities in order to quantify the correlation between temperatures and failure rates. The analysis supports the findings in the literature, by establishing a statistical significant correlation, which states that failure rates increase with falling temperatures. At the same time, the expected increase in future temperatures has been used to analyze the impact on failure rates within 2070. The results show that the increasing temperatures will have a positive effect on failure rates. It can be expected that failure rates will be reduced by 2.7% to 7.2% within 2070, depending on the climate scenario.
Quantitative Microbial Risk Analysis for Various Bacterial Exposure Scenarios Involving Greywater Reuse for Irrigation
Authors: Busgang Allison , Friedler Eran , Gilboa Yael , Gross Amit
Published: April 2018

Greywater reuse can significantly reduce domestic water consumption. While the benefits are promising, risks are still under debate. Using a quantitative microbial risk-assessment model, we assessed the health risks associated with greywater reuse. The pathogens Salmonella enterica, Shigella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated due to their possible prevalence in greywater and limited information regarding their potential risk with relation to greywater reuse for irrigation. Various exposure scenarios were investigated. Monte Carlo simulation was used and results were compared to the maximum “acceptable” limit of 10−6 disability-adjusted life years (DALY) set by the World Health Organization. Safe reuse was met for all worst-case exposure scenarios for Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica and Shigella spp. If their concentrations were kept below 10,000, 50 and 5 cfu/100 mL, respectively. For the best-practice (more realistic) scenarios, safe reuse was met for Staphylococcus aureus if its concentration was kept below 106 cfu/100 mL. Salmonella enterica met the safe reuse requirements if a maximum concentration of 500 cfu/100 mL was maintained and Shigella spp. if a maximum concentration was lower than 5 cfu/100 mL. Based on reported concentrations of these bacteria in greywater, proper treatment and disinfection are recommended.
A Hybrid Model for Annual Runoff Time Series Forecasting Using Elman Neural Network with Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition
Authors: Zhang Xike , Zhang Qiuwen , Zhang Gui , Nie Zhiping , Gui Zifan
Published: April 2018

Because of the complex nonstationary and nonlinear characteristics of annual runoff time series, it is difficult to achieve good prediction accuracy. In this paper, ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) coupled with Elman neural network (ENN)—namely the EEMD-ENN model—is proposed to reduce the difficulty of modeling and to improve prediction accuracy. The annual runoff time series from four hydrological stations in the lower reaches of the four main rivers in the Dongting Lake basin, and one at the outlet of the lake, are used as a case study to test this new hybrid model. First, the nonstationary and nonlinear original annual runoff time series are decomposed to several relatively stable intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by using EEMD. Then, each IMF is predicted by using ENN. Next, the predicted results of each IMF are aggregated as the final prediction results for the original annual runoff time series. Finally, five statistical indices are adopted to measure the performance of the proposed hybrid model compared with a back propagation (BP) neural network, EEMD-BP, and ENN models—mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean square error (RMSE), Pearson correlation coefficient (R) and Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSCE). The performance comparison results show that the proposed hybrid model performs better than the BP, EEMD-BP or ENN models. In short, the developed hybrid model can provide a significant improvement in annual runoff time series forecasting.
Implantation of Martian Materials in the Inner Solar System by a Mega Impact on Mars
Authors: Hyodo Ryuki , Genda Hidenori
Published: April 2018

Observations and meteorites indicate that the Martian materials are enigmatically distributed within the inner solar system. A mega impact on Mars creating a Martian hemispheric dichotomy and the Martian moons can potentially eject Martian materials. A recent work has shown that the mega-impact-induced debris is potentially captured as the Martian Trojans and implanted in the asteroid belt. However, the amount, distribution, and composition of the debris has not been studied. Here, using hydrodynamic simulations, we report that a large amount of debris (∼1% of Mars’ mass), including Martian crust/mantle and the impactor’s materials (∼20:80), are ejected by a dichotomy-forming impact, and distributed between ∼0.5–3.0 au. Our result indicates that unmelted Martian mantle debris (∼0.02% of Mars’ mass) can be the source of Martian Trojans, olivine-rich asteroids in the Hungarian region and the main asteroid belt, and some even hit the early Earth. The evidence of a mega impact on Mars would be recorded as a spike of 40Ar–39Ar ages in meteorites. A mega impact can naturally implant Martian mantle materials within the inner solar system.
Direct Evidence for Maser Emission from the 36.2 GHz Class I Transition of Methanol in NGC253
Authors: Chen Xi , Ellingsen Simon P. , Shen Zhi-Qiang , McCarthy Tiege P , Zhong Wei-Ye , Deng Hui
Published: April 2018

Observations made with the Jansky Very large Array (JVLA) at an angular resolution of ∼0.″1 have detected class I methanol maser emission from the 36.2 GHz transition toward the starburst galaxy NGC 253. The methanol emission is detected toward four sites which lie within the regions of extended methanol emission detected in previous lower angular resolution (a few arcseconds) observations. The peak flux densities of the detected compact components are in the range 3–9 mJy beam−1. Combining the JVLA data with single-dish observations from the Shanghai Tianma Radio Telescope (TMRT) and previous interferometric observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), we show that the 36.2 GHz class I methanol emission consists of both extended and compact structures, with typical scales of ∼6″ (0.1 kpc) and ∼0.″05 (1 pc), respectively. The strongest components have a brightness temperature of >103 K, much higher than the maximum kinetic temperature (∼100 K) of the thermal methanol emission from NGC 253. Therefore, these observations conclusively demonstrate for the first time the presence of maser emission from a class I methanol transition in an external galaxy.
Strategies for Constraining the Atmospheres of Temperate Terrestrial Planets with JWST
Authors: Batalha Natasha E. , Lewis Nikole K. , Line Michael R. , Valenti Jeff , Stevenson Kevin
Published: April 2018

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is expected to discover dozens of temperate terrestrial planets orbiting M-dwarfs with atmospheres that could be followed up with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Currently, the TRAPPIST-1 system serves as a benchmark for determining the feasibility and resources required to yield atmospheric constraints. We assess these questions and leverage an information content analysis to determine observing strategies for yielding high-precision spectroscopy in transmission and emission. Our goal is to guide observing strategies of temperate terrestrial planets in preparation for the early JWST cycles. First, we explore JWST’s current capabilities and expected spectral precision for targets near the saturation limits of specific modes. In doing so, we highlight the enhanced capabilities of high-efficiency readout patterns that are being considered for implementation in Cycle 2. We propose a partial saturation strategy to increase the achievable precision of JWST's NIRSpec Prism. We show that JWST has the potential to detect the dominant absorbing gas in the atmospheres of temperate terrestrial planets by the 10th transit using transmission spectroscopy techniques in the near-infrared (NIR). We also show that stacking ⪆10 transmission spectroscopy observations is unlikely to yield significant improvements in determining atmospheric composition. For emission spectroscopy, we show that the MIRI Low Resolution Spectroscopy (LRS) is unlikely to provide robust constraints on the atmospheric composition of temperate terrestrial planets. Higher-precision emission spectroscopy at wavelengths longward of those accessible to MIRI LRS, as proposed in the Origins Space Telescope concept, could help improve the constraints on molecular abundances of temperate terrestrial planets orbiting M-dwarfs.
Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Asteroidea database
Authors: Moreau Camille , Mah Christopher , Agüera Antonio , Améziane Nadia , Barnes David , Crokaert Guillaume , Eléaume Marc , Griffiths Huw , Guillaumot Charlène , Hemery Lenaïg G. , Jażdżewska Anna , Jossart Quentin , Laptikhovsky Vladimir , Linse Katrin , Neill Kate , Sands Chester , Saucède Thomas , Schiaparelli Stefano , Siciński Jacek , Vasset Noémie , Danis Bruno
Published: April 2018

The present dataset is a compilation of georeferenced occurrences of asteroids (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the Southern Ocean. Occurrence data south of 45°S latitude were mined from various sources together with information regarding the taxonomy, the sampling source and sampling sites when available. Records from 1872 to 2016 were thoroughly checked to ensure the quality of a dataset that reaches a total of 13,840 occurrences from 4,580 unique sampling events. Information regarding the reproductive strategy (brooders vs. broadcasters) of 63 species is also made available. This dataset represents the most exhaustive occurrence database on Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic asteroids.
Revision of the Afrotropical genus Ivondrovia Shenefelt & Marsh, 1976 with description of a new species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae)
Authors: Belokobylskij Sergey , Zaldivar-Riveron Alejandro , Castañeda-Osorio Ruben
Published: April 2018

A revision of the small Afrotropical holcobraconine genus Ivondrovia Shenefelt & Marsh, 1976 (Doryctinae) is provided. A new species from Kenya, Ivondroviagrangeri sp. n., is described and illustrated. The illustrated redescriptions of the genus Ivondrovia and its type species Lophogasterseyrigi Granger, 1949 are given. The two known species of this genus are keyed.
Rencontre avec un braconnier de l'archive
Authors: Barbe Noël , Sevin Jean-Christophe
Published: April 2018

Loin de viser une généralisation, cet article-entretien entend éclairer une singularité et une rencontre. C'est en 2003 que les auteurs ont rencontré M. Rebugai, collectionneur de papiers qui, au-delà de leur hétérogénéité, renvoient, dit-il, à « l'importance des choses vécues ». Son entreprise, tant dans son moment inaugural que sa poursuite, peut sembler particulière. Pour autant, par ses dispositifs de collecte, de classement et d'exposition, par le regard qu'il jette sur lui-même, comme par un travail qui se veut combler les déficiences des politiques publiques, ce « braconnier de l'archive » ouvre et prend position sur des questionnements d'ordre général : qu'est-ce qui, et qui, constitue une archive ?
L'archive, œuvre d'art
Authors: Boltanski Christian , Heinich Nathalie
Published: April 2018

Après une rapide évocation par Nathalie Fleinich de quelques installations de Christian Boltanski constituées à partir d'archives, l'artiste décrit et explique le type de relation aux archives qu'il a pu mettre en œuvre au cours de sa carrière, en insistant sur la spécificité de sa démarche par rapport à l'approche scientifique.
El vínculo entre conductas prosociales (de donación) y la cohesión social
Authors: Zischka Lorna
Published: April 2018

Mediante un experimento controlado se establece que las diferencias en proximidad relacional puede evocar o suprimir una disposición a dar a una causa sin relación. Cuatro grupos de tratamiento se sometieron al mismo conjunto de ejercicios, pero dos en un ambiente relacional más cercano y dos en un entorno relacional más distante. La mitad de los sujetos en cada ambiente relacional recibió un doble pago sin previo aviso. De salida, todos los participantes tuvieron la opción de dar a la caridad. El experimento mostró que la donación caritativa estuvo guiada por factores relacionales y no por el pago. Podemos aprender que las inclinaciones pro-sociales (pro-donación) interactúan con el ambiente social más amplio, y que estos complejos parámetros relacionales pudieran ser evaluados por patrones de donaciones fáciles de medir.
El sentimiento de soledad en la vejez
Authors: López Doblas Juan , Díaz Conde María del Pilar
Published: April 2018

Nuestro objetivo es indagar sobre uno de los problemas sociales que más afectan a las personas mayores, el sentimiento de soledad, distinguiendo entre las dimensiones emocional y social. Utilizando una estrategia metodológica cualitativa, con el grupo de discusión como técnica de producción de información y la teoría fundamentada como técnica de análisis, investigamos acerca de cómo lo experimentan las personas mayores viudas que viven solas, que constituyen un grupo de población que lo sufre especialmente. Hemos constatado que padecen soledad emocional, sobre todo, quienes enviudan a edad avanzada, tras varias décadas de matrimonio. Es un sentimiento ligado al vacío conyugal, con la noche como marco de aparición más propenso. Además, enviudar conlleva el riesgo de sufrir soledad social, debido al distanciamiento relacional que suele producirse con las amistades matrimoniales. También hemos apreciado diferencias de género en la incidencia del sentimiento de soledad, con una especial fragilidad de los varones para combatirlo.
Prostitución de menores en locales registrados en México
Authors: Izcara Palacios Simón Pedro
Published: April 2018

En México muchas menores trabajan en establecimientos registrados donde se realiza el comercio sexual, como cantinas, bares o centros nocturnos. Este artículo, basado en una metodología cualitativa que incluyó la realización de entrevistas en profundidad en nueve estados de México a dueños de 73 locales dedicados al comercio sexual, examina la prostitución de menores en este tipo de establecimientos a través de las apreciaciones de los proxenetas, y concluye que la generalización de una cultura del soborno en la industria de la prostitución conduce a la solidificación de redes de complicidad entre las autoridades policiales y los proxenetas que favorecen la prostitución de menores.
Los límites del cuidado. Organización de la asistencia a domicilio para personas mayores en Madrid y París
Authors: Moré Paloma
Published: April 2018

Este artículo analiza de manera comparativa los cuidados a domicilio destinados a personas mayores en las capitales de España y Francia. A través de una metodología cualitativa que combina entrevistas y observación participante se comparan los servicios de ayuda a domicilio y el empleo de hogar en ambas ciudades. De esta forma se pone de manifiesto cómo las dimensiones moral, emocional y material se articulan en el desempeño del trabajo. Este análisis contribuye a “desnaturalizar” el trabajo de cuidados mostrando que los empleos pueden ser definidos de múltiples formas, implicando límites muy diferentes en la definición de las tareas, la cualificación requerida, los tiempos y las relaciones de trabajo.
Des enjeux environnementaux à l’émergence d'un capital environnemental ?
Authors: Richard Frédéric , Saumon Gabrielle , Tommasi Greta
Published: April 2018

À partir de leurs recherches de terrain consacrées aux recompositions socio-spatiales d’espaces ruraux de forte naturalité (Montana, campagnes anglaises, Montagne limousine), les auteurs formulent l’hypothèse de l’émergence d’un capital environnemental. Inscrit dans la perspective théorique de Bourdieu, le capital environnemental viendrait compléter les espèces originelles de capitaux (économiques, culturels, sociaux) pour qualifier l’ensemble des investissements réalisés par les acteurs dans l’environnement afin de satisfaire leurs intérêts. Après être revenu sur la notion de capital telle que l’a élaborée P. Bourdieu et tel qu’elle a pu être aménagée par les géographes, l’article s’intéresse à l’environnement, aux enjeux environnementaux et par-delà à la structuration d’un champ environnemental, dont l’existence est une condition préalable à toute forme de capital. Enfin, l’objectif est de montrer qu’en tant qu’outil au service de la géographie sociale, le capital environnemental constitue une grille d’analyse très opératoire des inégalités socio-territoriales liées à l’environnement, le cas échéant, des injustices environnementales.
Diacylglycerol Kinase ζ (DGKζ) and Casitas b-Lineage Proto-Oncogene b–Deficient Mice Have Similar Functional Outcomes in T Cells but DGKζ-Deficient Mice Have Increased T Cell Activation and Tumor Clearance
Authors: Wesley Erin M , Xin Gang , McAllister Donna , Malarkannan Subramaniam , Newman Debra K , Dwinell Michael B , Cui Weiguo , Johnson Bryon D , Riese Matthew J
Published: April 2018

Targeting negative regulators downstream of the TCR represents a novel strategy to improve cancer immunotherapy. Two proteins that serve as critical inhibitory regulators downstream of the TCR are diacylglycerol kinase ζ (DGKζ), a regulator of Ras and PKC-θ signaling, and Casitas b-lineage proto-oncogene b (Cbl-b), an E3 ubiquitin ligase that predominantly regulates PI(3)K signaling. We sought to compare the signaling and functional effects that result from deletion of DGKζ, Cbl-b, or both (double knockout) in T cells and to evaluate tumor responses generated in a clinically relevant orthotopic pancreatic tumor model. We found that whereas deletion of Cbl-b primarily served to enhance NF-κB signaling, deletion of DGKζ enhanced TCR-mediated signal transduction downstream of Ras/Erk and NF-κB. Deletion of DGKζ or Cbl-b comparably enhanced CD8+ T cell functional responses, such as proliferation, production of IFN-γ, and generation of granzyme B when compared with wild type T cells. Double-knockout T cells demonstrated enhanced function above that observed with single-knockout T cells after weak, but not strong, stimulation. Deletion of DGKζ, but not Cbl-b, however, resulted in significant increases in numbers of activated (CD44hi) CD8+ T cells in both nontreated and tumor-bearing mice. DGKζ-deficient mice also had enhanced control of pancreatic tumor cell growth compared with Cbl-b–deficient mice. This represents a direct comparison between mice of these genotypes and suggests that T cell immunotherapies may be better improved by targeting TCR signaling molecules that are regulated by DGKζ as opposed to molecules regulated by Cbl-b.
A Boltzmann Approach to Percolation on Random Triangulations
Authors: Bernardi Olivier , Curien Nicolas , Miermont Grégory
Published: April 2018

We study the percolation model on Boltzmann triangulations using a generating function approach. More precisely, we consider a Boltzmann model on the set of finite planar triangulations, together with a percolation configuration (either site-percolation or bond-percolation) on this triangulation. By enumerating triangulations with boundaries according to both the boundary length and the number of vertices/edges on the boundary, we are able to identify a phase transition for the geometry of the origin cluster. For instance, we show that the probability that a percolation interface has length $n$ decays exponentially with $n$ except at a particular value $p_{c}$ of the percolation parameter $p$ for which the decay is polynomial (of order $n^{-10/3}$). Moreover, the probability that the origin cluster has size $n$ decays exponentially if $p<p_{c}$ and polynomially if $p\geqslant p_{c}$.

The critical percolation value is $p_{c}=1/2$ for site percolation, and $p_{c}=(2\sqrt{3}-1)/11$ for bond percolation. These values coincide with critical percolation thresholds for infinite triangulations identified by Angel for site-percolation, and by Angel and Curien for bond-percolation, and we give an independent derivation of these percolation thresholds.

Lastly, we revisit the criticality conditions for random Boltzmann maps, and argue that at $p_{c}$, the percolation clusters conditioned to have size $n$ should converge toward the stable map of parameter $\frac{7}{6}$ introduced by Le Gall and Miermont. This enables us to derive heuristically some new critical exponents.
Effects of Somatosensory Impairment on Participation After Stroke
Authors: Carey Leeanne M. , Matyas Thomas A. , Baum Carolyn
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE. Our objective was to determine the effect of loss of body sensation on activity participation in stroke survivors.

METHOD. Participants (N = 268) were assessed at hospital admission for somatosensory and motor impairment using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Participation was assessed using the Activity Card Sort (ACS) in the postacute phase. Between-group differences in activity participation were analyzed for participants with and without somatosensory impairment and with or without paresis.

RESULTS. Somatosensory impairment was experienced in 33.6% of the sample and paresis in 42.9%. ACS profiles were obtained at a median of 222 days poststroke. Somatosensory loss alone (z = 1.96, p = .048) and paresis in upper and lower limbs without sensory loss (z = 4.62, p < .001) influenced activity participation.

CONCLUSION. Somatosensory impairment is associated with reduced activity participation; however, paresis of upper and lower limbs can mask the contribution of sensory loss.
Engaging a community through social media-based topics and interactions
Authors: Kavanaugh Andrea L. , Song Ziqian
Published: April 2018

Social media collected over time using keywords, hashtags and accounts associated with a particular geographic community might reflect that community’s main events, topics of discussion, and social interactions. We are interested in evidence for the support of community involvement that the aggregated Web pages and social media might help to create. We collected and analyzed Twitter data related to a geographic area over a two-year period to identify and characterize relevant topics and social interactions, and to evaluate the support for community involvement that such Twitter use might indicate. This kind of data collection has built-in biases, of course, just as local print media or online newsgroups do. We analyzed our data using the open source tool NodeXL to identify topics and their changes over time, and to create social graphs based on retweets and @ mentions that suggest interactions around topics. Our findings show: 1) distinct topics; 2) large and small clusters of social interactions around a variety of topics; 3) patterns suggesting what are called ‘community clusters’ and ‘tight crowd’ types of conversations; and, 4) evidence that Twitter supports local community involvement among users. Modeling topics over time and displaying visualizations of social interactions around different topics in a community can offer insights into the important events and issues during a given period. Such visualizations also reveal hidden (or obscure) topics due to a smaller number of participants — whether government representatives, voluntary associations, or citizens. There is clear evidence that Twitter supports social interaction and informal discussion or exchange around local topics among users, thereby facilitating community involvement.
Introduction to the special issue on social media and government
Authors: Sandoval-Almazan Rodrigo , Kavanaugh Andrea L.
Published: April 2018

The use of social media by public administration has been growing steadily, and fostering important transformations in organization, costs, citizen interaction and efficiency. Citizens are increasingly more informed about government activities, performance, and claims solutions. Citiizens and non-profit organizations are in greater communication with each other about government planning and response to complex and collective problems. Social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, You Tube and WhatsApp, as well as related tools, such as commenting, liking, tagging and rating, change the distribution of information, power and resources. The growing maturity of public officials in the use of these tools not only creates new opportunities, but also engenders problems. Many politicians, public officials and public servants are seeking ways to adapt their daily operations and practices to make effective use of social media for interaction with non-governmental organizations and with citizens and to provide information and services more efficiently. The papers in this special issue on social media and government capture the current state of some of these opportunities and problems.
Public employees in social media communities: Exploring factors for internal collaboration using social network analysis
Authors: Criado J. Ignacio , Villodre Julián
Published: April 2018

This paper analyzes the interactions that public employees perform in social media communities, providing empirical evidence on the dynamics of internal collaboration. In general terms, this study responds to a rising interest in the study of social media communities as tools for co-production and innovation. In doing so, this paper asks the following research questions: How do interactions among public employees occur within a social media community? What factors determine the number of interactions in a public-sector specific social media community? For this purpose, our study analyzes NovaGob, the most active digital social media community of public sector innovation in Spain and Latin America. By using social network analysis (SNA), we provide evidence on the importance of formal and informal power in stimulating participation. Moreover, we show how interest and will to collaborate influences the number of interactions. Finally, this study uses a gender variable to discuss the possible existence of a second digital gender gap, which affects how public sector employees use these communities. This paper advances some conclusions about the behavior of public employees collaborating in social media communities, suggesting the need for future attention to inter-agency phenomenon.
Information strategies and affective reactions: How citizens interact with government social media content
Authors: DePaula Nic , Dincelli Ersin
Published: April 2018

As social media use grows among the general population, government organizations around the world also widely adopt the platforms. While researchers on government use of social media first acknowledged the potential of these technologies for participatory democracy, transparency, and collaboration, we have come to learn that applications such as Facebook and Twitter are also sites for misinformation and highly driven by emotional content. To better understand the information strategies of governments and how citizens react on social media, we ask the following research questions: What do government organizations post on social media? How do citizens react to the content posted by government agencies? For this study, we collected Facebook posts of local government agencies and departments across the United States and categorized each post using a framework of government communication and information strategies on social media. We then analysed differences in users’ reactions in the form of likes, comments, and shares to the distinct types of content. We wanted to capture the effects of content type on user reactions to understand what drives social media responses. We found a number of statistically significant results, providing some evidence for how different types of information affect user interaction. Our results highlight how users are more engaged by the affective and symbolic nature of social media content, rather than more serious and emotionally neutral government information. We only provide generalized evidence of how users react to U.S. local government posts on Facebook. Nevertheless, we believe this study is important for scholars of government communication and government technology adoption more broadly as it provides evidence of the affective tendencies and biases within social media environments.
Towards an understanding of Twitter networks: The case of the state of Mexico
Authors: Sandoval-Almazán Rodrigo , Valle-Cruz David
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this research is to provide some understanding of Twitter Networks, using the data from the Twitter discussion generated on the State of the Union from Governor Eruviel Avila in 2015 and 2016. We analyzed and compared Network Links from tweets of two years, using Netlytic as a mining text tool. This research presents two contributions: 1) the links analysis perspective of social media; and, 2) we proposes a methodology to assess the impact of online social media and government promotion. Our findings suggest that citizens use social media platforms to interact with politicians in offices, and supports the argument about “networked individualism” in which analyzed Twitter accounts reveal many citizens’ opinions and retweets related to the governor’s use of YouTube for his State of the Union speech. Decision-makers can use this study to improve communication with their customers (public) and allocate resources effectively for better public services. Finally, the last trend has tried to understand content analysis by wording. There is a lack of research about network links, their quality and users that are part of such network to understand in an integrated perspective the impact of social media.
Don't Make Me Laugh!: Morality, Ethics, and the Laugh Track
Authors: Brewer Kenneth L.
Published: April 2018

Since the 1950s, the laugh track (or “canned laughter”) has been a standard feature of American situation comedies. The laugh track has attracted considerable attention from the social and psychological sciences, as well as ire from viewers. Primarily, criticisms of the laugh track see its use as a problem of morality, either because it coerces viewers into laughing or makes them more receptive to ideological messages from the media. These concerns are exaggerated. Use of the laugh track, however, does seem deceptive, evidenced by the television industry's continued secrecy about its use. A better approach would be to move from morality-based arguments about who is to blame for the widespread use of the laugh track to an ethics-based perspective that regards providing viewers with information about the use of a laugh track in particular television episodes as a question of media ethics.
Nothing Funny About Cancer: Laughing with Arthur Schopenhauer in Thom Jones's “I Want to Live”
Authors: Wagner Joseph
Published: April 2018

In Thom Jones's widely anthologized story “I Want to Live,” the German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer plays a far greater role than readers may at first appreciate. Schopenhauer's reputation as a pessimist is deftly employed by Jones to highlight the philosopher's more optimistic approach to life, especially his views on laughter and good humor. The result is a uniquely powerful portrait of human suffering in relation to humor and happiness, a portrait at once timeless and contemporary.
Metodologias ativas na formação em enfermagem perioperatória
Authors: Alvarez Ana Graziela , Girondi Juliana Balbinot Reis , Knihs Neide Da Silva
Published: April 2018

Editorial
Causas de retrabalho de produtos para Saúde no centro de materiais e esterilização
Authors: Alvim Andre Luiz Silva , Souza Karinne Ferreira de
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: Identificar as principais causas de retrabalho de produtos para saúde (PPS) detectadas no Centro de Materiais e Esterilização (CME)de um hospital particular de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Método: Estudo descritivo, desenvolvido em um CME de classe II de um hospital privadode Belo Horizonte. Foi realizada análise documental entre janeiro e junho de 2016, por meio de 181 registros de checklist e documentos de trabalho.Para tratamento dos dados, utilizou-se análise estatística descritiva para apresentação de valores absolutos e porcentagens geradas pelo programa EpiInfo7®. Resultados: Foram encontrados 605 itens de retrabalho, que representaram uma taxa de 0,75% do total de caixas e pacotes produzidos. As principaiscausas foram relacionadas a produtos vencidos (74%) e resíduos orgânicos pós-esterilização (13%). Conclusão: O enfermeiro deve trabalhar com aequipe para redução das causas de retrabalho que impactam em desperdícios e custos desnecessários.
Adesão do cheklist cirúrgico à luz da Cultura de segurança do paciente
Authors: Borges de Oliveira Maíra Cássia , Korb Arnildo , Antunes de Azambuja Zocche Denise , Cabral Danielle Bezerra , Pertille Fabiane , Frigo Jucimar
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica nacional e internacional sobre a adesão de checklist cirúrgico quanto à segurança do paciente. Método: Revisãointegrativa da literatura utilizando as bases de dados Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS),PubMed e Scopus, no período de janeiro de 2007 a julho de 2017. Resultados: Dos 32 estudos que contemplaram o objetivo deste trabalho, 53,1% foram publicadosem língua portuguesa e 40,6% no ano de 2015. Entre os temas analisados, destacam-se adesão ao protocolo (40,6%), registros sobre cirurgia segura (37,5%),elaboração e implementação da lista de verificação (9,4%), percepção dos profissionais (9,4%) e importância da visita pós-operatória (3,1%). Quanto à implementaçãodos protocolos de cirurgia segura, 40,6% relataram sobre educação permanente e 21,9%, sobre comunicação. Conclusão: A utilização de checklist paracirurgia segura está sendo cada vez mais elucidada nos serviços de saúde, a partir da comunicação, buscando promover cuidado centrado no paciente.
Autoayuda y efectividad en la prescripción y uso de las ayudas técnicas en personas con discapacidad
Authors: Muñoz Claudia , Miranda O. , Véliz V. , Martinez D.
Published: April 2018

Este trabajo desarrolla una reflexión acerca del concepto de la autodeterminación de las personas con discapacidad, y las decisiones que le son accesibles dentro de los procesos de integración social. Ello se realiza a partir del estudio de dos casos paradigmáticos, con relación a la decisión del uso de ayudas técnicas. El modelo rehabilitador y el paradigma de la autonomía personal conciben dos maneras distintas de enfrentar la problemática de la integración y participación de personas con discapacidad y por consecuencia, de cada uno se desprenden dos maneras de reconstruir la ocupación. Los equipos de salud son los llamados a guiar y provocar procesos adaptativos, los cuales pueden llevarse a cabo a través de muchos caminos.
Editorial
Authors: Valdes Rojas Alicia
Published: April 2018

La Terapia Ocupacional en Chile y el mundo ha experimentado un fuerte desarrollo, impulsado, por una parte, por la formulacion de la Ciencia de la Ocupacion, que ha otorgado un solido fundamento teorico a nuestro quehacer, y por otra, debido a las demandas que plantea un mundo sometido a cambios permanentes que impactan directamente en la salud y en las necesidades de la poblacion. En este contexto, la Escuela de Terapia Ocupacional de la Universidad de Chile, pone a disposicion de los Terapeutas Ocupacionales de habla hispana la Revista Chilena de Terapia Ocupacional, que tiene como proposito la promocion y difusion del conocimiento acumulado en el marco de nuestra disciplina, aportando elementos para la reflexion, la discusion y el analisis, teniendo como norte el fortalecimiento teorico y practico de la Terapia Ocupacional y de la Ciencia de la Ocupacion. Sin duda, la publicacion del primer numero de esta revista es un paso de maxima relevancia para nuestra profesion en general y para la Escuela de Terapia Ocupacional de la Universidad de Chile en particular. En esta primera edicion de la revista se presentan los ultimos trabajos elaborados por academicos de nuestra Escuela, producto de actividades docentes, de investigacion y de programas asistenciales y de extension universitaria En ediciones sucesivas deseamos ademas, poner este espacio a disposicion de todos aquellos Terapeutas Ocupacionales interesados en difundir sus trabajos, invitandolos desde ya a presentarlos para su publicacion Estamos ciertos que el producto de la actividad academica desarrollada en el marco de la Universidad de Chile, unido a los aportes de colegas comprometidos con el desarrollo de la disciplina, haran de la Revista Chilena de Terapia Ocupacional una publicacion de excelencia que impulsara con decision la investigacion teorica y aplicada en nuestro campo.
Ergonomía y discapacidad
Authors: Figueroa María Eugenia
Published: April 2018

Los nuevos conceptos de discapacidad enfatizan la relación entre las limitaciones de las personas y la estructura de su entorno. La mayoría de los países han desarrollado normas para lograr la igualdad de participación de las personas con discapacidad, y  Chile no es la excepción. Sin embargo, sabemos que se requiere mas que normativas o leyes para lograr este objetivo, especialmente por las barreras presentes en la cuidad, espacios públicos y lugares de trabajo. Esta publicación presenta a la Ergonomía, como un modelo pertinente para operacionalizar estos desafíos, ya que por su carácter centrado en las personas, reconoce la diversidad de los individuos y trabaja adaptando las exigencias de los entornos. Con esta visión la Ergonomía puede abordar dos ámbitos fundamentales: la Accesibilidad y la Integración Laboral. Para el primero, se propone la aplicación del Diseño Universsal, eliminando las barreras en el medio físico, sean: de carácter arquitectónico, urbanístico, de transporte o de telecomunicaciones, y en ámbito de la integración laboral, la Ergonomía, mediante el análisis ergonómico, desplaza la atención desde la persona al trabajo, descubriendo nuevas vías de solución y procurando que las exigencias del trabajo se adecúen a las capacidades de las personas con discapacidad.
Programa de intermediación laboral para personas con discapacidad: "Listos para el trabajo"
Authors: Zondek Andrea
Published: April 2018

Este artículo presenta los lineamientos centrales que guían la acción del Fondo Nacional de la Discapacidad (FONADIS) en materias de equiparación de oportunidades e inserción laboral de personas con discapacidad. En este documento da cuenta de los principales avances, resultados y aprendizajes obtenidos durante la primera etapa del proceso de implementación, sistematización y evaluación del Programa de Intermediación Laboral para personas con discapacidad de FONADIS. Se abordan los tres ejes fundamentales del modelo de intervención del programa: la persona con discapacidad como trabajador, el mercado laboral formal, y la labor de intermediación de un equipo especializado. Finalmente, en este artículo se revisan los aspectos más relevantes y las proyecciones futuras de este innovador programa, que en su primer año de ejecución ha puesto en marcha tres Oficinas de Intermediación Laboral para personas con discapacidad (OIL) en diferentes regiones del país.
Editorial
Authors: Valdés Rojas Alicia
Published: April 2018

La Revista Chilena de Terapia Ocupacional es la primera publicación científica de nuestra disciplina en Chile, su primer volumen fue puesto en circulación en primavera del año 2001, presentándose a la comunidad profesional durante la "Segunda Jornada Académica de la Escuela de Terapia Ocupacional de la Universidad de Chile". Esta publicación se distribuye actualmente en universidades y centros académicos de Chile, y el extranjero y -próximamente- será incluida en las principales bases de datos de revistas científicas a nivel internacional. La Revista Chilena de Terapia Ocupacional, tiene como propósito la promoción y difusión del conocimiento acumulado en el marco disciplinario, mediante el aporte de elementos para la reflexión, la discusión y el análisis de diversos tópicos teóricos y prácticos, vinculados a la Terapia Ocupacional, a la Ciencia de la Ocupación y temas afines. La Revista Chilena de Terapia Ocupacional es un espacio abierto a la producción científica de todos los terapeutas ocupacionales -chilenos y extranjeros- que deseen difundir su trabajos, cuanta con un Comité Editorial integrado por terapeutas ocupacionales de amplia trayectoria académicas, encargado de revisar los trabajos y de dar apoyo metodológico a los autores que así lo requieran para, de este modo, dar impulso a la investigación teórica y aplicada en el campo de nuestra profesión. En este segundo volumen se presenta el aporte de destacados colegas que han querido difundir su quehacer en diferentes ámbitos, como al Ergonomía; la Ciencia de la Ocupación; la Intermediación Laboral para Personas con Discapacidad; el Desempeño Ocupacional en Jubilados; la Terapia Ocupacional en Familias; en Víctimas de la Represión Política; en Drogas; en Pacientes Mastectomizadas en Sala de Espera. Sin duda estos valiosos aportes constituyen un aliciente para la investigación y la sistematización del quehacer de la Terapia Ocupacional. Invitamos a todos los colegas a sumarse al esfuerzo por producir, documentar y difundir conocimiento en sus respectivos campos de acción, en la certeza de que la Terapia Ocupacional hoy está en pleno desarrollo, tal como lo demuestra la demanda de terapeutas ocupacionales en los mas diversos ámbitos de acción; la proliferación de nuevas Escuelas de Terapia Ocupacional en distintas universidades y los trabajos que se presentan en el segundo volumen de la Revista Chilena de Terapia Ocupacional.
La Ocupación: ciencia y técnica de la terapia ocupacional
Authors: Rueda Castro Laura
Published: April 2018

El desarrollo de un saber que fundamente la Terapia Ocupacional, nos ha llevado a formular una ciencia de la ocupación. Sin embargo, el desafío nos impone  tareas especulativas con respecto a: (1) los campos del conocimiento que esta ciencia conectaría, (2) los temas que ella estudia, (3) la metodología de tratamiento de aquellos temas de estudio y (4) las predicciones que, como ciencia, puede aportar al desarrollo de la Terapia Ocupacional. En el presente trabajo se expone, por un lado, los niveles de abstracción que se generan en el ‘desocultar' los componentes de la ocupación, con ello, se establecen los límites teóricos del saber científico y tecnológico. Por otra parte, se fundamenta un proceso cognitivo que vincula las bases teóricas y la aplicación práctica de la Terapia Ocupacional.
Jubilación: una transición ocupacional con consecuencias en la temporalidad, equilibrio y significado de la ocupación *
Authors: Jonsson Hans , Borell Lena , Sadlo Gaynor
Published: April 2018

El propósito de este estudio era explorar la jubilación como una transición ocupacional. Veintinueve participantes de 66 años de edad fueron entrevistados y sus datos analizados utilizando un método comparativo cualitativo. El análisis mostró que se desarrolla una nueva estructura temporal en la que los participantes funcionan a ritmos más lentos. Algunas ocupaciones también cambiaron su significado cuando fueron realizadas en la nueva circunstancia de la jubilación. Un patrón común en la transición fue pasar de un desequilibrio, donde el trabajo ocupaba mucho tiempo de la vida, a otro tipo de desequilibrio donde algún tipo de compromiso regular post jubilación habría sido preferible. La discusión relata los hallazgos relativos al significado y ritmo de los conceptos en la dinámica de la teoría de sistemas. La importancia de los compromisos regulares en la vida para experimentar equilibrio ocupacional y la perspectiva cambiante de futuro también forman parte de la discusión.* Trabajo inicialmente publicado en: Journal of Occupational Science 2000; 7: 5-13. La presente publicación en castellano ha sido autorizada por el editor original. Traducción técnica y revisión final: Ma. Elena Riveros, Terapeuta Ocupacional de la Escuela de Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Chile. Primera traducción: Sr. Felipe Muñoz Cornejo.
Avances tecnológicos aplicados al estudio ergonómico de los puestos de trabajo
Authors: Figueroa Valenzuela María Eugenia
Published: April 2018

Este artículo muestra la aplicación de tecnología de última generación, generando un sistema innovador para el análisis ergonómico de los puestos de trabajo. Se explican las principales características de las investigaciones realizadas en este ámbito por el Laboratorio de Biomecánica y Salud Laboral de Mutual de Seguridad y  apoyadas por un proyecto FONTEC- CORFO, que consiste en el  desarrollo sistemas de análisis de movimiento y un programa computacional para su interpretación, además de un sistema de análisis de la fatiga muscular mediante electromiografía de superficie.