bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perbandingan Hasil Pemeriksaan Tajam Penglihatan Jauh antara Aplikasi Perangkat Lunak Peek Acuity dengan Snellen Chart
Authors: Sekar Laras Dwi , Aditya Sukma Dicky
Published: January 2022

Pemeriksaan tajam penglihatan merupakan salah satu pemeriksaan terpenting untuk dapat menilai fungsi visual seseorang. Snellen chart adalah media yang paling sering digunakan untuk pengukuran tajam penglihatan pada praktik kedokteran sehari-hari. Namun, kekurangan kartu Snellen adalah perbedaan ukuran huruf dari baris ke baris berikutnya dan jumlah huruf yang tidak sama di setiap baris. Berkembangnya teknologi telepon selular telah meluncurkan aplikasi pada seluler yang dapat mengukur tajam penglihatan, yaitu Peek Acuity Aplikasi Portable Eye Examination Kit (PEEK) Acuity yang diluncurkan pada sistem android. Peneliti ingin membandingkan hasil tajam penglihatan antara aplikasi perangkat lunak PEEK Acuity dengan Snellen Chart. Dengan metode study literature yaitu cara yang dipakai untuk menghimpun data-data atau sumber-sumber yang berhubungan dengan topik yang diangkat dalam penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil kajian literatur didapatkan bahwa aplikasi perangkat lunak PEEK Acuity lebih cepat dalam waktu penggunaan dibanding Snellen Chart, aplikasi perangkat lunak PEEK Acuity tidak membutuhkan luas ruang yang terlalu besar jika dibanding Snellen Chart, aplikasi perangkat lunak PEEK Acuity dapat di unduh gratis namun membutuhkan biaya untuk pengadaan telepon pintar dengan kualitas layar tinggi, dan penggunaan aplikasi perangkat lunak PEEK Acuity dapat disarankan untuk melakukan screening karena sensifitasnya yang tinggi. Namun, tidak disarankan untuk di jadikan rujukan dan/atau digunakan untuk alat utama  pemeriksaan visus secara komprehensif di klinik.
Adam, Eva und das Vermögen der deutschen Literatur des Mittelalters
Authors: Griese Sabine
Published: January 2022

Der Ursprungsmythos um Adam und Eva und ihre Verbannung aus dem Paradies ist fester Bestandteil der abendländischen Kultur und wurde auf verschiedene Weise in Literatur, Film, Theater und Kunst rezipiert. Der mittelalterliche Autor Lutwin transferiert den Mythos nicht nur in die noch junge Literatursprache des Deutschen, sondern verknüpft ihn mit einem Liebesdiskurs und zeigt an den Protagonisten wichtige Grundfragen des menschlichen Lebens auf. Sabine Griese arbeitet an Ludwigs Text Möglichkeiten und Kapitel der Literatur heraus.
Katalyse – Eine Renaissance der "Eisenzeit"?
Authors: Knölker Hans-Joachim
Published: January 2022

Katalysatoren beschleunigen chemische Vorgänge – durch die kürzere Reaktionszeit können so Abfallprodukte reduziert werden. Besonders in der chemischen und pharmazeutischen Industrie führt das zu einer Gewinnsteigerung. Hans-Joachim Knölker beschreibt die Verwendung von Eisenverbindungen als Katalysatoren bei ausgewählten Paladium-katalysierten Reaktionen. Durch seine geringe Toxizität und seinem reichen Vorkommen in der Erdkruste gilt das Element Eisen als ideale Möglichkeit auf der Suche nach umweltfreundlichen und preisgünstigen Katalysatoren. Ziel ist es, eine oxidative Kupplung von zwei Aromaten zu Biarylen durch die Aktivierung von zwei C-H-Bindungen unter den Bedingungen der Eisen(III)-Katalyse zu erreichen.
Belonging in the Archipelago: Nation, Race, and Citizenship
Authors: McGuire Valerie
Published: January 2022

In their later period, European empires invented new forms of citizenship to affirm their imperial sovereignty and respond to increasing resistance from colonial subjects. Inspired by citizenship laws in French colonial Algeria, Italy adopted a special form of citizenship for the Southeast Aegean that fits in with this broad trend. But the application of it also presents some peculiarities related to diasporic modalities of Italian citizenship. The chapter retraces how Italian Aegean nationality was reshaped by the large-scale emigration practiced by the local population; like their Italian rulers, the natives of the Aegean depended on remittances from their family members living abroad. In ways that closely echoed the transformation of Italian citizenship to account for hundreds of thousands of Italian emigrants abroad, the Italian state chose to make this local citizenship increasingly robust so as to be able to include Aegean diaspora communities of the Mediterranean. While the application of the citizenship was revised after the invasion of Ethiopia and the establishment of colonial anti-miscegenation or race laws, the original formulation of it in the 1920s has implications for some former colonial subjects of the Aegean.
Conclusion: Postcolonial Returns
Authors: McGuire Valerie
Published: January 2022

As the media has extensively reported, Italy and Greece are today the first ports-of- entry for immigrants entering Europe from Africa and the Middle East. While places such as Lampedusa and Lesbos have attracted extensive media attention, several of the ex-Italian colonial islands in the Dodecanese prefecture have also hosted temporary migrant populations over the past five years. At the peak of the migration crisis, the UNHCR began re-utilizing many of the Italian-era buildings as refugee camps. How can we understand contemporary ‘Mediterranean-ism’ in the context of global migration and the politics of the European Union? The conclusion takes a more nuanced approach to the recent idea, advanced by many scholars and artists, that the Mediterranean can offer a meaningful way to resist ‘Fortress Europe’, and the racist and nationalist politics that undercut international norms about human rights. While continuing to adopt an approach ‘from below’, it examines the local afterlife of Italian colonial rule, how memories of Italian imperialism activate approaches to hospitality and cosmopolitanism in the Dodecanese and evoke a nostalgic longing for both old and new forms of empire.
EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPE: A PANEL APPROACH
Authors: Georgescu Irina , Kinnunen Jani , Androniceanu Ane-Mari
Published: January 2022

Sustainable economic growth is desired to be achieved by governments targeting economic, social, and environmental benefits. The idea of circular economy model is to consider feedback effects from proper waste management instead of one-way effects typical with the classical linear model. Several sectors of society contribute to circular economy and its monetary and environmental outputs in a sustainable way. The aim of this paper is to analyze the dependencies and causalities of circular economy and economic developments in the EU. The research objectives include testing (i) whether research and development (R&D) expenditure, GDP per capita and generation of municipal waste per capita influence the recycling rate of municipal waste, and (ii) whether R&D expenditure, generation of municipal waste per capita and the recycling rate of municipal waste influence the GDP per capita. The relevant indicators are obtained from Eurostat. The research methods of fixed effects and Tobit approach are used to study the statistical relevance of the two models. The pairwise causality of variables is tested by Dumitrescu–Hurlin causality test. One result of the study is that technology development, by a decreasing life of products, leads to an increase of waste generation. Therefore, environmentally friendly technologies should be produced.
Predictors of Long-term Outcomes in the Older Adults with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Surme Serkan , Balkan Ilker Inanc , Bayramlar Osman Faruk , Kara Ali Ritvan , Mete Bilgul , Tabak Fehmi , Saltoğlu Nese
Published: January 2022

Introduction: We aimed to determine the indicators for poor long-term outcome in older adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methodology: Patients with CAP requiring hospitalization were included in this retrospective study. The long-term mortality was defined as all-cause 1-year mortality following hospital admission.

Results: A total of 145 patients with CAP were recorded. The median age was 70 (18-103), of whom 94 (65%) were ≥ 65 years old and 86 (59.5%) were male. Long-term mortality rates following CAP requiring hospitalization were substantially high in both the younger (n = 16, 31.4%) and older adults (n=43, 45.7%). In univariate analysis, the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) (p = 0.007), mechanical ventilation (p > 0.001), mental status changes (p = 0.018) as well as the modified Charlson Comorbidity Index (p=0.001), presence of malignancy (p < 0.001) and hospital readmission (p < 0.001) were associated with long-term mortality in the older group. Our results revealed that the need for mechanical ventilation (OR = 47.61 CI = 5.38-500.0, p = 0.001) and hospital readmission (OR = 15.87 CI = 5.26-47.61, p < 0.001) were major independent predictors of 1-year mortality.

Conclusions: Clinicians should consider the lethal possibilities of CAP even after hospital discharge. The need for mechanical ventilation and hospital readmission may predict long-term mortality. Therefore, the patients who have these predictors should be closely monitored.
EBV Plasma Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) DNA as a Biomarker for Diagnosis of EBV-positive Hodgkin Lymphoma in Syria
Authors: Habeeb Rana , Al hafar Lina , Monem Fawza
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Epstein Barr Virus - positive Hodgkin lymphoma is defined by the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in tumor cells. EBV plays an important role in the development and prognosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma. The standard way to detect EBV in Hodgkin lymphoma is immunohistochemistry stains for latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1) in tumor cells. The present study aimed to evaluate plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA as a noninvasive biomarker for diagnosis of EBV-positive Hodgkin lymphoma.

Methodology: The study included 60 newly diagnosed patients with Hodgkin lymphoma, ranging in age from 4 to 60 years, and 55 sex and age-matched controls. (60) Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded blocks of Hodgkin lymphoma tissue samples were used to investigate the EBV by in immunohistochemistry stains for (LMP1) in tumor cells. Plasma EBV DNA was quantiﬁed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for all Hodgkin lymphoma patients prior to therapy and for control.

Results: The results showed that (25/60, 41.7%) of Hodgkin lymphoma were positive for histological LMP1, whereas plasma EBV DNA was detectable (range from 1.1×103 to 1.5×104 copies/mL, median: 1.1×104  copies/mL) in all EBV-positive Hodgkin lymphoma samples (25/25). EBV DNA was undetectable in all cases of EBV-negative Hodgkin lymphoma (35/35) and all healthy control (55/55). It is worth mentioning that our results demonstrated that the EBV DNA load was high in the EBV associated Hodgkin lymphoma patients suffering poor prognostic state.

Conclusions: Plasma EBV-DNA can be used as a noninvasive biomarker for diagnosis of EBV- positive Hodgkin lymphoma.
SARS-CoV-2 genetic diversity and variants of concern in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Obeid Dalia Abdullah , Alsanea Madain Saleh , Alnemari Rawan Talal , Al-Qahtani Ahmed Ali , Althawadi Sahar Isa , Mutabagani Maysoon Saleh , Almaghrabi Reem Saad , Alhadheq Faten Mohammed , Alahideb Basma Mohammed , Alhamlan Fatimah Saeed
Published: January 2022

Introduction: In December 2019, a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in China, causing coronavirus disease 2019. The present study investigated genetic profiles and variations of SARS-CoV-2 distributed in different regions of Saudi Arabia to begin to understand the pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in this country and analyzed associations of these variations with host factors.

Methodology: In total, 774 SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences obtained and annotated by the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) were captured and analyzed.

Results: The most common SARS-CoV-2 clades in Saudi Arabia were GH followed by O, GR, G, and S. Statistically significant associations were detected between clades and patient outcome. Age, as a host factor, was significantly associated with many variables, including virus geographical location, clade, and patient outcome. The most common variants detected were the NSP12_P323L mutation 94.9%, followed by the D614G mutation (76%) and the NS3_Q57H mutation (71.4%). The concerned variants B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1 were not detected in our population. D614G was associated with higher morbidities than the wild-type virus, including higher rates of death and hospitalization. The NS3_Q57H mutation was the only variant associated with better patient outcome than the wild type. Risk of death was highest with the NSP12_P323L mutation (OR = 1.84; 95% CI = 0.37-9.30) and lowest with the NS3_Q57H mutation (OR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.25-0.727).

Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 has evolved uniquely and independently in Saudi Arabia. Our findings provide evidence to begin linking the evolutionary implications to host factors and their effects on the virus severity and transmission.
Thismia latiffiana (Thismiaceae), an unusual new species from Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Siti-Munirah Mat Yunoh , Dome Nikong
Published: January 2022

Thismia latiffiana Siti-Munirah & Dome, a new species from Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, is described and illustrated. The new species differs from all other species of Thismia, described so far, in having golden trichomes that are present on the outer surface of its floral tube and mitre, as well as pyramidal protuberances on the inner surface of the floral tube. Additionally, it is remarkable in its supraconnective apically bearing two long trichomes. Thismia latiffiana is assigned a preliminary conservation status as Critically Endangered (CR) according to IUCN Criteria.
Pulvinatusia (Brassicaceae), a new cushion genus from China and its systematic position
Authors: Chen Hong-Liang , Al-Shehbaz Ihsan A. , Qian Li-Shen , Zhang Jian-Wen , Xu Bo , Zhang Ti-Cao , Yue Ji-Pei , Sun Hang
Published: January 2022

The new genus and species Pulvinatusia xuegulaensis (Brassicaceae) are described and illustrated. The species is a cushion plant collected from Xuegu La, Xizang, China. Its vegetative parts are most similar to those of Arenaria bryophylla (Caryophyllaceae) co-occurring in the same region, while its leaves and fruits closely resemble those of Xerodraba patagonica (Brassicaceae) from Patagonian Argentina and Chile. Family-level phylogenetic analyses based on both nuclear ITS and plastome revealed that it is a member of the tribe Crucihimalayeae, but the infra-/intergeneric relationships within the tribe are yet to be resolved.
Nanhuaphasma Chen, He & Li, 2002 is a junior synonym of Dajaca Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 (Phasmatodea, Aschiphasmatidae, Dajacini)
Authors: Xie Chong-Xin , Wen Jun , Qian Yu-Han
Published: January 2022

The genus Nanhuaphasma Chen, He & Li, 2002 was established as a member of the family Pseudophasmatidae Rehn, 1904 (now belonging to Aschiphasmatidae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893) based on the male of N. hamicercum Chen & He, 2002. We review the status of Nanhuaphasma and N. hamicercum by examining the holotype and male and female non-types which were collected in same location as the holotype. We find that Nanhuaphasma is a junior synonym of Dajaca Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 and N. hamicercum is a junior synonym of D. napolovi Brock, 2000. Complementing egg morphology of D. napolovi and keys to eight species of Dajaca are provided.
De la centralité du consentement
Authors: Le Magueresse Catherine
Published: January 2022

L'invocation du consentement de la plaignante à une activité sexuelle est la stratégie de défense la plus fréquente des personnes mises en cause pour des violences sexuelles. Elle se révèle souvent efficace, notre droit pénal reposant toujours implicitement sur une présomption de consentement des femmes. Cette présomption s'efface s'il est prouvé que le mis en cause a eu recours à une « violence, contrainte, menace ou surprise », ce mode opératoire étant en outre apprécié par les tribunaux en fonction des « capacités de résistance » de la victime. Cette approche est aujourd'hui critiquée. Le droit international et européen nous invite à changer de paradigme et à (re)définir le consentement sexuel afin qu'il contribue à garantir le droit à l'intégrité des personnes.
Le consentement de l'auteur
Authors: Travers de Faultrier Sandra
Published: January 2022

Le consentement de l'auteur, affirmé comme clé de voûte du droit d'auteur, est, en fait et en droit, loin d'épuiser la plénitude de la personnalité juridique de l'auteur qui, pour sa protection, peut être privé de ce droit de consentir. Ordre public et nom qui articulent un « faire lien » entre personnes, mettent en place des leviers de reconnaissance de l'auteur animés par l'horizon maintenu d'une personne sujet du droit de consentir. Une personne dont la qualité, nous rappelle la notion d'auteur qui en est le fanal, suppose des zones de non consentement statutaire.
Gender, Power and Corporatism: Complex Relationships and Analytical Perspectives. An(other) Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Elomäki Anna , Kantola Johanna
Published: January 2022

Ce numéro spécial de Politique européenne sur « Les partenaires sociaux à l’épreuve du genre et de l'intersectionnalité dans l'Union européenne » apporte des réflexions innovantes aux sciences sociales, aux sciences politiques et aux études européennes ainsi qu’à la recherche sur le genre et la politique, en étudiant les multiples façons dont le genre et les inégalités intersectionnelles façonnent les partenaires sociaux et les institutions qui les entourent, et sont façonnés par eux. Ce numéro spécial illustre avec force que les partenaires sociaux sont des acteurs importants, que ce soit au niveau de l'UE ou des États membres, en ce qui concerne le genre, les autres égalités et leurs intersections. Les articles mettent en évidence la multitude de questions, de perspectives et d'approches qui sont pertinentes pour étudier les partenaires sociaux, le genre et l'intersectionnalité.
Inclusive Advocacy? Trade-Union Activity in Support of the Rights of Domestic Workers in Continental Europe
Authors: van Hooren Franca , Ledoux Clémence , Apitzsch Birgit , Eleveld Anja
Published: January 2022

Cet article compare l'activité syndicale en faveur des droits des travailleuses 1 domestiques aux Pays-Bas, en Allemagne et en France. Même si le nombre de travailleuses domestiques syndiquées y est très faible, les syndicats ont développé des actions pour défendre les droits de ces travailleuses dans ces trois pays. Toutefois, ces actions n'ont été que partielles et n'ont pas pris en compte de manière exhaustive les besoins et les droits de toutes les travailleuses domestiques. La comparaison de l'activité syndicale montre que les actions en faveur des travailleuses domestiques ont été encouragées par le plaidoyer transnational dans les trois pays. De plus, alors que des institutions inclusives ont facilité les actions en France, au contraire, en Allemagne et aux Pays-Bas, les actions syndicales ont été limitées par les caractéristiques "informelles" persistantes du travail domestique et par l'hésitation des syndicats à s'engager de manière globale dans la question des droits des migrants.
La pandémie Sras Covid-19 et le concept de domaine public international des brevets sur les vaccins
Authors: Kors Jorge
Published: January 2022

Est-il légitime de soulever la nécessité de mettre en place un système de brevets d’invention qui différencie la protection des produits pharmaceutiques de celle des autres branches de production ? Dans le domaine doctrinal, le débat s’est ouvert de nouveau à partir de la pandémie du Covid19 lorsque les Nations Unies ont promu la déclaration du patrimoine mondial des vaccins contre cette maladie grave et mortelle, et au moment il a fallu se demander si un médicament pouvait être considéré comme une simple marchandise ou s’il existait un conflit de valeurs entre le droit des brevets – qui accorde un monopole au propriétaire d’une invention – et le droit à la santé publique et à l’accès aux médicaments, considérés par les principaux traités internationaux comme des droits de l’homme dans une hiérarchie plus élevée que les droits commerciaux des nations. Lorsque tout cela sera terminé et que nous pourrons réparer les ravages causés par la pandémie, la théorie juridique devra assumer la nécessité de faire face à ce débat concernant la hiérarchie des valeurs en jeu et la nécessité d’établir un nouveau régime juridique pour les brevets d’invention qui protègent d’une manière différente les produits et procédés issus de l’industrie pharmaceutique, d’une manière plus équitable, suivant la voie amorcée par la Déclaration de Doha née à la lumière d’un autre préjudice grave à la santé publique mondiale comme le VIH/Sida. J’ai profité de ce débat pour reconstituer la pensée vivante du professeur Bernard Remiche, qui me paraissait être le meilleur moyen de l’honorer. Bernard en doctrine et Bernard en action et son influence sur beaucoup d’entre nous.
Les régimes linguistiques limités des systèmes de la propriété industrielle de l’Union européenne : injustes, mais inévitables ?
Authors: Ullrich Hanns
Published: January 2022

Le régime linguistique général de l’Union européenne comprend les 24 langues des versions authentiques des Traités que le règlement 1/1958 adopte également comme langues officielles et langues de travail des institutions de l’Union. Par contre, pour des raisons pratiques, les régimes linguistiques particuliers des systèmes de la propriété industrielle unioniste limitent les langues de procédure à trois pour le brevet européen à effet unitaire et à cinq pour la marque de l’Union et les dessins et modèles communautaires. Ces limitations ont toujours suscité des controverses sur le plan politique, qui ont été portées sur le plan juridique par des actions pour violation des principes de non-discrimination et d’égalité des langues officielles. Les deux arrêts par lesquels la Cour de justice a rejeté ces actions sont au centre de la présente étude. Au-delà d’une critique de détail, cette dernière reproche à la Cour de ne pas avoir suffisamment examiné la portée de la différenciation des langues admises par les régimes limités, en particulier les asymétries qu’ils créent en faveur des grands États membres et des grandes entreprises, et cela aux frais non seulement des autres États membres et des autres demandeurs de titres de protection et autres acteurs économiques, mais également de l’intérêt public. Pourtant, en fin de compte, alors même qu’elle aurait dû être mieux aménagée, une certaine asymétrie des régimes de langues particuliers de la propriété industrielle unionistes est inévitable.
Entre pratiques intimes et sphère publique
Authors: Traïni Christophe
Published: January 2022

À partir des données d’une enquête relative aux protecteurs des animaux, cet article propose une typologie descriptive de l’ensemble des pratiques par lesquelles des individus se dédient à leur cause. Cet inventaire permet d’examiner la manière dont l’engagement peut être façonné par trois types différents d’orientation au changement. Bien plus encore, il nous invite à examiner comment, au fil du temps, l’engagement prend continûment appui sur des comportements relevant aussi bien de l’intimité que de l’investissement de soi dans la sphère publique. Il en ressort une série d’alternatives bien plus large que les répertoires d’action collective généralement pris en compte par les approches parfois trop stratégiques de la sociologie des mobilisations.
Effect of lumbar epidural steroid injection on neuropathic pain: a prospective observational study
Authors: Park Chan Hong ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Daegu Wooridul Spine Hospital of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea, Lee Sang Ho ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Chungdam Wooridul Spine Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
Published: January 2022

Background

Low back pain (LBP) is caused by disc herniation, spinal stenosis, facet syndrome or etc. This LBP could be either nociceptive or neuropathic pain (NP). In addition, these neuropathic pain is a major contributor to chronic low back pain. It is already known that lumbar epidural steroid injection (ESI) is effective for low back pain, but no study has assessed both nociceptive and neuropathic pain separately. This study investigated whether neuropathic or nociceptive pain was better improved after an epidural steroid injection.

Methods

This was a prospective study. Patients were classified according to the pre-procedure painDETECT questionnaire (PD-Q) score. If the PD-Q score was ≤12, it was considered as nociceptive pain, and it the PD-Q was ≥19, it was considered NP. The patients were given a transforaminal (TF) or interlaminar (IL) epidural steroid injection (ESI). The PD-Q was filled out by each patient prior to the ESI (baseline), and again at 4 weeks after the ESI. Outcomes was assessed using a numerical rating scale (NRS) score, short form McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), and revised Oswestry Back Disability Index (ODI) at 1 month later.

Results

A total of 114 patients were enrolled and of these, 54 patients with a PD-Q score of ≤12 were classified into the nociceptive pain, and 60 patients with a PD-Q score ≥19 were classified into the neuropathic pain group. At 1 month after treatment, both groups had significantly lower than improved their mean NRS score. Not withstanding these improvements and difference between NRS, the differences in MPQ and ODI after treatment between the groups (nociceptive vs. neuropathic) not significant. After the procedure (TF-ESI or IL-ESI), the patients in group 1 (PD-Q score ≤12, n = 54) had no change in their PD-Q score. Among the patients in group 2 (pre-treatment PD-Q score ≥19, n = 41), 13 patients moved to a PD-Q score <12 and 15 patients had a PD-Q score of 13–18.

Conclusion

For the short-term relief of neuropathic pain, ESI was effective for both nociceptive and neuropathic pain, therefore ESI could be treat the try neuropathic pain component in patients with low back pain.
Razumijevanje rizičnih ponašanja djece: Perspektive odgajatelja i stručnih suradnika dječjeg vrtića
Authors: Vlah Nataša , Mirosavljević Anja , Katić Vesna
Published: January 2022

The overall aim of this paper is to investigate, describe, and compare the understanding of the concept of risk behaviors in preschool-aged children from two perspectives (preschool teachers’ and expert associates’ perspectives). The paper presents the results of a qualitative analysis of focus groups with preschool teachers and expert associates from 31 kindergartens in Rijeka who provided a description and interpretation of their understanding of the concept of risk behaviors in children with whom they worked or are currently working. For the analysis of the focus group transcript, we applied a thematic analysis according to Clarke and Braun (2013), which isolated two topics: “phenomenology and criteria for assessing risk behaviors” and “etiological factors.” Among the described phenomena and assessment criteria, preschool teachers and expert associates provided similar responses: forms/types of risk behaviors as well as general and specific criteria for assessing risk behaviors. Among the etiologic factors, they notice factors in all ecological areas and the child himself. The results showed a relative alignment of the two perspectives, while certain specifics in both topics can be recognized between preschool teachers and professionals, which is likely due to the differences in their initial education. The contribution of the work is in considering risky behaviors of kindergarten children and their perception by the professionals who work with them and, in practical terms, in the implication of joint team and coordinated action and individual approach to each child and family in the prevention and intervention of behavioral problems. Key words: child; early and preschool age; emotional-behavioral problems EBD; kindergarten; risk behaviors
Perspektiva socijalnih radnika o uvjetima rada, odnosu društva prema struci i preporuke za unaprjeđenje profesije
Authors: Milić Babić Marina , Žganec Nino , Berc Gordana
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT Social work represents an applied profession and academic discipline that promotes social change and development, social cohesion, empowerment and emancipation of individuals. This paper aimed to gain an insight into the perspective of social workers on working conditions and social attitudes towards the profession, with recommendations from professionals for advancing its current position. The thematic analysis was applied within a qualitative research framework. Research results indicated negative perceptions on working conditions among research participants – social workers in Croatia – pinpointing issues, such as financial insecurity, understaffing, inadequate office space, shortage of business vehicles for field visits, an excessive scope of work and administrative burden, disrespect for social workers’ dignity, and difficulties in establishing cooperation with service users. Social workers’ recommendations for addressing these issues concerned: improving working conditions (amendments to the legal framework, employment of professional staff and professional training), improving workplace security (reinforcing the public official status and increasing security staff), and promoting the social work profession, involving enhanced media relations, consistent communication and raising public awareness through best practices from the organisations and institutions in the system. Key words: social work; working conditions; perspectives; society
Mobile-Assisted Language Learning in L2 Korean Using WeChat: A Case Study
Authors: Kim Arum
Published: January 2022

Abstract—Learners studying Korean as a foreign language have a long-standing problem in language learning: less exposure to the target language and a lack of communicative learning opportunities. This study attempts to explore how these challenges can be solved by incorporating mobile technologies—especially WeChat—into Korean language learning. By examining the implementation of the WeChat Project’s five components, this study reports on the advantages and disadvantages of using mobile technologies for students who learn an intermediate Korean language course at a liberal arts college in China. A total of 16 students participated in a one-semester study, and they were asked to complete an end-of-semester questionnaire and attend a follow-up interview. The questionnaire’s results revealed that students generally welcomed the WeChat Project and that they positively perceived the usefulness of the five components of the WeChat Project. In the interviews, the students reported four major benefits of using WeChat in their Korean learning: increased learning time, an acquisition of linguistic knowledge, the Korean language community, and the convenience of using WeChat. The disadvantages and suggestions for improvements are discussed.
Image(s) de la star et construction du personnage : Micheline Presle dans Le Diable au corps (1946-1947)
Authors: Rohner Jeanne
Published: January 2022

Cette étude vise à montrer que l’examen des archives de production d’un film peut considérablement élargir notre compréhension de la construction de l’image d’une star. En utilisant le cas de Micheline Presle, nous examinerons le processus de création de son personnage à l’aide des archives de production relatives au film Le Diable au corps (1946-1947) (fonds Claude Autant-Lara, Cinémathèque suisse). Le fonds personnel du réalisateur représente une source inestimable dans l’étude d’une des stars les plus populaires du cinéma d’après-guerre. L’influence de l’actrice sur la construction de son personnage se fait ressentir aussi bien dans les traces écrites qu’en marge des documents. Remonter à la source du projet et retracer la genèse de son personnage apporte un éclairage inédit sur la manière dont Presle fut perçue par les scénaristes à cette époque.
The Crystallite Size Dependence of the Transmittance Property of Vanadium Dioxide Nano Films
Authors: Abdul-Ameer Nidhal M. , Shallal Ikhlas H. , Abdul-Hasan Shaymaa Q. , Abdulrida Moafak C.
Published: January 2022

Bruggeman's symmetric effective-medium model of vanadium oxide is introduced, in which the transmittance was studied because of its importance in the subject of smart windows, it was studied from ( 5 nm-1000 nm) for each of the regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, the ultraviolet and visible region, and the near and medium sub-regions of the infrared and the results showed that the importance of studying the transmittance of vanadium oxide as a good candidate For this kind of industries. Our results showed that the small sizes of the material guarantee an almost constant and high transmittance to the visible region; this is due to the agreement of the direction of the dipoles in the material with the direction of the internal electric field, which leads to an increase in the value of the refractive index. The refractive index represents the gain in the permittivity of the material presented by Bruggeman's model. For the other regions where the transmittance is not desirable, it can be controlled by the film’s size of the transmittance on the one hand and the wavelength on the other hand.
HIV Prevalence among Medical Inward Patients in the National Hospital of Sri Lanka (NHSL) with the Assessment of Patient Acceptance, the Feasibility and Challenges of the Hospital Based Rapid HIV Diagnostic Test
Authors: Dileka W. S. C. , Weerasinghe G. , Samaraweera G. , Rathnayaka T. , Wijesekara K. A. C. R. , Widanage N. , Rajapakse L. I. , Perera H. P. , Jayakody C. J. , Perera K. Y. D.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Hospital based HIV Rapid Diagnostic Testing (RDT) was introduced in 2018, following programmatic decision. However, being the province with the highest HIV prevalence in the country, the number of hospital based rapid testing carried out in Western province was not impressive, leading to missed opportunities and late diagnosis. Therefore, RDT was re-implemented in selected medical wards of NHSL.
Objective: To assess the case detection rate, the feasibility and challenges of the rapid HIV testing services among inpatients of medical wards of NHSL.
Method: A descriptive demonstration study, carried out among consecutive 3,395 new admissions to selected medical wards of the NHSL within three months period. HIV status was tested on finger prick blood, using FDA and WHO approved 4th generation HIV RDT (with 100% sensitivity, 99.7% specificity) following informed consent. Patient information were extracted from bed head tickets. Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were carried out with the relevant hospital staff to assess the challenges. Confidentiality of patients ensured by training all the health care workers involved in RDT and followed up of the positive test results, according to the national guidelines
Results: Among the 3395 participants, eight (8) were found to be positive, with the HIV prevalence of 0.23 %. The patient acceptance rate was 96%. Out of the positives, majority were males (n=6) and married (n=5) and half of them were from the Colombo district. Only two (25 %) had AIDS defining symptoms while the majority (n=5) had baseline CD4 count less than 200 cells/μl . Work overload, consent taking, lack of confidence in post-test HIV counselling were identified as major areas of concern.
Conclusions: Hospital-based HIV rapid testing is one of the high yielding programmatic strategies implemented in the country so far. The positivity rate of the study sample was 0.23% which is higher than the HIV positivity rate reported through different testing strategies including the general public (0.03%), and STD samples (0.1%). Further, beating up the challenge of missed opportunities and late diagnosis was highlighted. Therefore, addressing the identified barriers through policy and administrative support and further scaling up of hospital-based HIV testing is highly recommended.
A Retrospective Review of HIV PrEP Offer and Uptake in an Australian Metropolitan Sexual Health Centre
Authors: Phua Andrew , Bell Charlotte , Ratnayake Mahesh
Published: January 2022

Introduction: There is little data on offer and uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention on the ground.
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the offer and uptake rates of PrEP in a metropolitan sexual health centre, among individuals at high risk for HIV infection. This can improve service delivery and uptake of HIV prevention.
Methods: A retrospective review was conducted among clients with a positive diagnosis of rectal gonorrhoea, rectal chlamydia, or infectious syphilis between 1 July to 31 December 2018, to ascertain what percentage were offered PrEP, and of those, what percentage took up PrEP.
Results: Of 72 eligible males, 50 (69.4%) were offered PrEP. Of these, 29 (58%) took up PrEP, while 21 (42%) did not. Those who declined often wanted time to consider, did not make an appointment, or declined due to side effects.
Conclusion: There is an acceptable PrEP offer rate which can be increased by training and enhanced documentation. More than half of eligible clients offered PrEP took it up, which is essential for HIV prevention. Patient education on PrEP and text reminders may increase PrEP uptake.
Risks and Vulnerabilities of Youth Towards STIs and HIV Infection; A Cross Sectional Study among Youth Attending ‘Youth Corps Centres’ in Western Province of Sri Lanka
Authors: Batagalla P. S. K. , Manathunge Ariyaratne
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Youth is the period where individuals transform from dependent childhood to independent adults. The incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) and HIV among youth in Sri Lanka, is rising.
Objective: To assess the risk behaviours and vulnerabilities towards Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV among youth attending youth corps centres in the Western province of Sri Lanka.
Method: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire among the trainees attached to youth corps centres (YCC) in Western province from October 2019 to February 2020.
Results: Youth attached to YCC were educated and were from poor economic background. A fair proportion had a good level of knowledge on STIs and HIV. Knowledge was positively associated with age, educational level and the wealth quintile. There is a significant difference of knowledge across ethnic and religious categories. Only 15.5% reported being sexually active and the majority of them (79.2%) were having multiple partners. Only 41% agreed that they would use condoms in the future. Sense of invulnerability, peer pressure, embarrassment to buy were the main reasons for not using a condom. Major source of SRH information was the internet and the available SRH services are underutilized, mainly due to unawareness.
Conclusions: Knowledge on STIs and HIV among these youth was satisfactory and a minority were sexually active. Risk behaviours were higher and access to available SRH services were poor.
The ischemic model of chronic muscle spasm and pain
Authors: Coletti Roger H.
Published: January 2022

This article was not intended to be a complete review of the electromyography of pathological muscle states, but it was written to illustrate how the “Coletti Method of EMG ChemoDenervation” (CMECD®) protocol for the treatment of chronic pain resulting from chronic muscle spasm was developed and established. That process led to an unexpected understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of chronic muscle spasm, which represents a paradigm shift in our understanding and ultimately in our treatment of muscle spasm-induced chronic pain. Other investigators had brought to light the presence of spontaneous electrical activity (SEA) in states of muscle spasm. Those findings were all but ignored by standard EMG/Nerve conduction studies in clinical practice. Starting with a simple EMG device I experimented with various medications to treat patients with chronic pain associated with chronic muscle spasm. Suppression of SEA with long-acting medications resolved both the chronic spasm and chronic pain. A successful protocol using phenoxybenzamine was established and clinical outcomes were followed. More than 200 patients were successfully treated during last 12 years. Correlating known exercise muscle physiology with the development of the pathological state of chronic muscle spasm as seen by electromyography led to the postulation of the ischemic model of chronic muscle spasm. Light microscopy pathophysiologic supportive findings are presented and discussed. Predictions from this model to various aspects of treatment were supportive. Implications regarding treatment by the CMECD procedure, as well as other standard therapies, are discussed. Application of the ischemic model to other pain conditions was explored with implications of therapeutic modification. Recommendations for changes in rehabilitation therapy are discussed.
The role of association between the cholinergic precursor choline alphoscerate and sulodexide in vascular dementia
Authors: Di Salvo Angelo
Published: January 2022

Dementia is a syndrome of acquired intellectual deficit resulting in significant impairment of social or occupational functioning. Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common causes of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease, causing around 15% of cases. However, unlike Alzheimer’s disease an involvement of the cerebral cholinergic system in the pathophysiology of VaD has been hypothesized and there is no standard treatment. In the Vascular Dementia Italian Sulodexide Study (VA.D.I.S.S.) the positive results obtained with the sulodexide are worthy of note. In this study 40 elderly subjects with recent onset (less than 9 month) slight to moderate mental deterioration due to vascular origin were observed for nine months during oral treatment with sulodexide and choline alphoscerate with the aim of analyzing whether therapeutic effects can be enhanced. These preliminary results suggest that the additional therapy of choline alphoscerate with sulodexide represents a way to increase the beneficial effects of cholinergic therapies in the VaD and improve all the different examinate score: mini mental state evaluation (MMSE), basic activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL).
The optic disc neovascularization paradox
Authors: Shroff Daraius , Kumar Sandeep , Gupta Priyanka , Gupta Charu
Published: January 2022

A 65-year-old man with recurrent vitreous hemorrhage, after vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), was referred to us for further management. He was treated with an intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection. Six weeks after the injection, the hemorrhage cleared. At this stage, multimodal imaging including fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) was done to determine the source of the vitreous hemorrhage. Surprisingly, while there was no leakage on FFA, the neovascularization (NV) was beautifully captured on SS-OCTA.
Optic nerve head cupping in a preterm infant revealing congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Dhami Abhinav , Gupta Gaurav , Dhami Nimrata B , Sidhu Sachreet K , Malhi Ravinder K , Dhami Gobinder S
Published: January 2022

We report a case of a male preterm infant with gestational age of 35 weeks evaluated for retinopathy of prematurity. On examination, the infant showed bilateral advanced optic nerve cupping head with cup disc ratio of 0.9. With a suspicion of optic nerve hypoplasia, the infant was referred to the treating pediatrician for reevaluation and to rule out systemic disorders, cranial hemorrhage, and periventricular leukomalacia. Cranial ultrasound ruled out periventricular leukomalacia. At 39 weeks of gestational age, the infant was re-admitted with the neonatologist for respiratory distress, protuberant abdomen, and tongue fasciculation. Systemic workup revealed hypothyroidism with T3 levels of 0.76 ng/ml, T4 7.1 μg/dl, and thyroid stimulating hormone 0.5 μIU/ml. Congenital hypothyroidism has a known predisposition (43%) for developing optic nerve hypoplasia. We present a unique case of congenital hypothyroidism with optic nerve head cupping presenting as a plausible variant of optic nerve hypoplasia.
Corneal hydrops following deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty with spontaneous resolution
Authors: Sundaram Vandhana , Reddy Jagdeesh K , Kuttappalayam Siddharthan S , Dani Samruddhi S
Published: January 2022

Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) is often the surgery of choice in patients with advanced keratoconus. Corneal hydrops post-DALK is a rare occurrence with only one case reported so far, where the patient eventually underwent a penetrating keratoplasty due to failure of Descemet's membrane reattachment. Here, we present a case of a ten-year-old boy who had corneal hydrops 18 months post uneventful DALK with spontaneous resolution. Late corneal hydrops post DALK with spontaneous resolution is rare and has not been reported so far.
Tectonic Tenon transplants for four different corneal melts
Authors: Natarajan Radhika , Nagpal Nimisha
Published: January 2022

Tenon's tissue with good tensile strength, pliability, and availability is a valuable patch graft resource for small corneal perforations. We have extended its tectonic use to other corneal melts and leaks with anatomic success. Tenon's patch graft (TPG) was employed for tissue building in four different corneal melts: Mooren's ulcer, leaking cicatrix, persistent epithelial defect, and perforation. The minimum follow-up was six months. TPG is less resource-intensive and longer lasting than cyanoacrylate glue and multilayered-amniotic grafts. It is safe, providing good tectonic outcomes not only in corneal perforations but also in melts secondary to infective, immune, and toxic causes.
iTrace - A diagnostic tool in iris-claw intraocular lens tilt
Authors: Priya Arut A , Saraswathy Bala , Sagam Navaneeth , Narendran Kalpana
Published: January 2022

An increase in higher-order aberration caused by tilt and decentration of the intraocular lens can lead to a decrease in visual function following cataract surgery. We report a rare presentation of iris-claw IOL tilt in spite of good enclavation and an easy and effective diagnostic tool in iris-claw IOL tilt by iTrace, a ray-tracing aberrometer. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies or case reports have mentioned this technology to diagnose iris-claw IOL tilt.
A new surgical technique for severe ocular surface burns
Authors: Akata Fikret , Akcam Hanife T , Yuksel Erdem , Yaylacioglu Fulya
Published: January 2022

To describe a new surgical technique for severe ocular surface burn. A 46-year-old man suffering from bilateral sequelae of chemical injury had “allograft limbal, conjunctival, and corneal transplantation” combined with amniotic membrane transplantation and symblepharon ring implantation. The patient received mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus for systemic immunosuppression therapy. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were noted. After the 24 months follow-up period, the cornea was clear, and visual acuity increased from hand movement to 20/400. Allograft limbo-conjunctival-corneal transplantation (full ocular surface transplantation) might be a seminal and life-saving procedure for selected cases with severe bilateral ocular surface burn.
Mooren's ulcer with nonrhegmatogenous Descemet's membrane detachment (type-1), persisting after cataract surgery with clear cornea
Authors: Wagh Sangeeta , Dua Harminder S
Published: January 2022

Acute hydrops is very rarely reported in the setting of Mooren's ulcer. Our patient with bilateral Mooren's ulcer, being managed with immunomodulation, presented with sudden decrease in vision in the left eye, and was diagnosed to have acute hydrops with a type1 non-rhegmatogenous pre-Descemet's layer and Descemet's membrane detachment.(DMD) Her corneal stromal edema resolved with conservative management and she regained a vision of 20/80 following cataract surgery, with an evident persistent DMD and a clear cornea.