bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Glucocorticoid‐Associated Stress‐Like Conditions on Aquaporin‐4 in Cultured Astrocytes and Its Modulation by Adenosine A2A Receptors
Authors: Dias Liliana , Nabais Ana Margarida , Borges‐Martins Vladimir P. P. , Canas Paula M. , Cunha Rodrigo A. , Agostinho Paula
Published: January 2025

Astrocytes participate in brain clearance of extracellular proteins and metabolites, through the activity of the water channel aquaporin‐4 (AQP4), which can be deregulated in stress‐related disorders, impairing brain waste clearance. The present study investigates the impact of dexamethasone (Dexa), a synthetic glucocorticoid used as a simplified in vitro stress model, on astrocytic AQP4 and its modulation by adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR), which blockade reverses conditions related with maladaptive stress, such as anxiety and depression. The clearance of proteins in primary astrocytic cultures, assessed using 5 kDa FITC‐dextran and 45 kDa TRITC‐dextran uptake, was decreased by a 24 h exposure to 100 nM Dexa. The Dexa exposure decreased α‐syntrophin density, a protein‐targeting AQP4 to astrocytic processes, potentially affecting AQP4 location and, consequently, its activity. Accordingly, Dexa exposure decreased astrocytic water influx (assessed with calcein fluorescence), which paralleled the impairment of dextran clearance. The Dexa‐induced decrease in extracellular protein uptake was prevented by the AQP4 activator TGN‐073 and A2AR antagonism with SCH58261, showing that the impairment of AQP4‐mediated protein clearance was controlled by A2AR in this Dexa‐simplified in vitro stress model. Additionally, the effects of Dexa in AQP4 location and activity were prevented by SCH58261, confirming that A2AR modulate AQP4 function. This conclusion was reinforced by the observed AQP4/A2AR physical interaction in astrocytes. Overall, the data indicate that in vitro conditions related to stress affect the localisation of astrocytic AQP4 and its role in extracellular protein uptake, which was modulated by A2AR. These findings unveil a novel therapeutic mechanism to prevent brain extracellular protein accumulation and associated neurological disorders by tinkering with AQP4 and A2AR.

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Intradermal Incobotulinum Toxin A for Postbreast Cancer Treatment Asymmetry: A Literature Review and Case Report
Authors: Bugallo Alejandra , Parra Luis Alberto , Amado Andreina Martinez , De la Fuente Victoria , Murúa Evalicia , Garcés Eliana , Parra Andrea Marcela
Published: January 2025

Background

Botulinum toxin (BTX) is globally the most common aesthetic procedure. Its usage has expanded beyond facial treatments to therapeutic areas, including managing scars and postsurgical deformities. Breast cancer survivors often face significant deformities and asymmetry during recovery.

Objectives

This study systematically reviewed literature from the past 4 years on botulinum toxin applications in breast cancer survivors and presented a case report of a patient treated with Incobotulinum toxin (IncoBonTA; Xeomin, Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany) for left breast deformity postchemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus using keywords: “botulinum toxin,” “breast cancer,” and “breast asymmetry,” identifying relevant literature from 2020 to 2024. Five full‐text articles were included. Additionally, a 2024 case report of a patient with significant breast asymmetry postsurgery and radiotherapy was published.

Results

The literature review indicated botulinum toxin's primary uses in breast cancer include pain management, upper limb impairment, postsurgical scars, and capsular contracture. Although some benefits were reported, further research is needed. In the case report, the patient was treated in one session with IncoBonTA at two different dilutions based on contracture severity without complications.

Conclusion

The review showed promising advances in using botulinum toxin for deformities secondary to oncological treatment in breast cancer patients. The therapy was administered to a 53‐year‐old patient, resulting in significant aesthetic improvement, especially at the nipple and areola, suggesting that it was a viable option for these patients.
Reconfiguring innovation systems for sustainable sectoral transformation: The case of the Norwegian aquaculture industry
Authors: Afewerki Samson , Olsen Marit Schei , Osmundsen Tonje , Størkersen Kristine , Misund Andreas , Thorvaldsen Trine
Published: January 2025

This article aims to shed light on the recent sustainable transformation dynamics of the Norwegian aquaculture industry. Drawing on perspectives from the socio‐technical transition studies this article investigates how this process has been shaped by a specific policy instrument known as development licenses (DL) launched in 2015. The article captures the DL as a transformative innovation policy instrument and shows how this has played a key role in steering the directionality of the technological innovations in the sector to instigate the sustainable transformation process of the industry. The article reveals that the DL has prompted the emergence of new challenged‐oriented innovation systems through reorientation and reconfiguration processes. These processes specifically involved both the mobilization of actor‐networks in the industry, including a functional reorientation by the key regulatory organ—the Directorate of Fisheries—and harnessing locally available pre‐existing knowledge and skills—particularly in the Petro‐maritime industry. The licensing scheme means that the industry is currently in the process of transition to becoming a sector based on multiple aquaculture production technologies. However, we suggest that addressing the long‐term sustainable transformation imperatives of the sector will largely depend upon the ability to identify and support further development of promising niche aquaculture technologies.
Geometry physics neural operator solver for solid mechanics
Authors: Kaewnuratchadasorn Chawit , Wang Jiaji , Kim Chul‐Woo , Deng Xiaowei
Published: January 2025

This study developed Geometry Physics neural Operator (GPO), a novel solver framework to approximate the partial differential equation (PDE) solutions for solid mechanics problems with irregular geometry and achieved a significant speedup in simulation time compared to numerical solvers. GPO leverages a weak form of PDEs based on the principle of least work, incorporates geometry information, and imposes exact Dirichlet boundary conditions within the network architecture to attain accurate and efficient modeling. This study focuses on applying GPO to model the behaviors of complicated bodies without any guided solutions or labeled training data. GPO adopts a modified Fourier neural operator as the backbone to achieve significantly improved convergence speed and to learn the complicated solution field of solid mechanics problems. Numerical experiments involved a two‐dimensional plane with a hole and a three‐dimensional building structure with Dirichlet boundary constraints. The results indicate that the geometry layer and exact boundary constraints in GPO significantly contribute to the convergence accuracy and speed, outperforming the previous benchmark in simulations of irregular geometry. The comparison results also showed that GPO can converge to solution fields faster than a commercial numerical solver in the structural examples. Furthermore, GPO demonstrates stronger performance than the solvers when the mesh size is smaller, and it achieves over 3 and 2 speedup for a large degree of freedom in the two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional examples, respectively. The limitations of nonlinearity and complicated structures are further discussed for prospective developments. The remarkable results suggest the potential modeling applications of large‐scale infrastructures.
Multi‐stage detection of warped ceiling panel using ensemble vision models for automated localization and quantification
Authors: Guo Qinghua , Gao Weihang , Kong Qingzhao , Lu Xilin
Published: January 2025

Suspended ceiling systems constitute a pivotal non‐structural component in buildings, and the warping of panels not only compromises the seismic performance but also affects the functional integrity. This paper proposes a novel multi‐stage warped panel detection (MWPD) method to automatically locate warped panels from two‐dimensional images and quantify their deformation. First, the Deep Hough Transform (DHT) is employed to localize the runner line, after that, each detected line is expanded to a rectangular strip. Then ResNet18 classifies the strips as warped or intact. Those classified as warped will undergo Gabor and horizontal Sobel filters successively to highlight the curved edge. Subsequently, the Generalized Hough Transform (GHT) is used to locate pixel points on the curve, and fitting these points yields the pixel‐level radius of curvature. Leveraging known orthogonal relationships and geometric dimensions of runners, pixel quantification is converted into physical maximum deflection. The experiments include two aspects: the first is conducted on a validation dataset to verify the localization stability, and the second is carried out on‐site for quantification validation. Results demonstrate that the proposed MWPD method effectively localizes the warped panel, achieving an accuracy of 92.2% on the validation dataset. Additionally, the quantitative test has achieved an accuracy of approximately 85%.
Gender Comparison of Veterans Crisis Line Risk Ratings and Consequent Suicidal Self‐Directed Violence Outcomes During the COVID Era
Authors: Chhatre Sumedha , Hoffmire Claire A. , Podlogar Matthew C. , Agha Aneeza Z. , Dichter Melissa
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Improving gender‐sensitive suicide prevention programming for women veterans is crucial. Veterans Crisis Line (VCL) is a preventive strategy used by the US Department of Veterans Affairs. Public health measures implemented during COVID‐19 pandemic may have affected the nature of VCL calls.

Objectives

To assess the gender differences in the VCL contacts made in year 2020 and subsequent suicidal self‐directed violence (SSDV) outcomes in the 12 months follow‐up.

Methods

Cohort study.

Outcomes

Composite measure of SSDV (dichotomized as nonfatal suicide event and/or suicide) in the 12 months following VCL call.

Results

Compared to veterans with low‐risk assessment, those with high/moderate risk had significantly higher odds of SSDV in the follow‐up year (OR = 4.12, 95% CI: 3.82, 4.45). We assessed the association of gender, combination of VCL risk, and suicide attempt (SA) history, on SSDV. The VCL risk and SA history combinations were independently associated with SSDV. However, there was no differential association on SSDV for different gender/VCL risk and SA history combinations (p = 0.6247).

Conclusions and Relevance

Our 2020 VCL data outcomes are largely consistent with those from our prior work examining 2018 VCL contacts. Overall, VCL risk assessment was relatively stable across the gender binary during COVID pandemic.
Comparative Analysis of Geospatial Tools for Solar Simulation
Authors: León‐Sánchez Camilo , Giannelli Denis , Agugiaro Giorgio , Stoter Jantien
Published: January 2025

This paper performs, describes, and evaluates a comparison of seven software tools (ArcGIS Pro, GRASS GIS, SAGA GIS, CitySim, Ladybug, SimStadt, and UMEP) to calculate solar irradiation. The analysis focuses on data requirements, software usability, and accuracy simulation output. The use case for the comparison is solar irradiation on building surfaces, in particular on roofs. The research involves collecting and preparing spatial and weather data. Two test areas—the Santana district in São Paulo, Brazil, and the Henio rural area in Raalte, the Netherlands—were selected. In both cases, the study area encompasses the vicinity of a weather station. Therefore, the meteorological data from these stations serve as ground truth for the validation of the simulation results. We create several models (raster and vector) to meet the diverse input requirements. We present our findings and discuss the output from the software tools from both quantitative and qualitative points of view. Vector‐based simulation models offer better results than raster‐based ones. However, they have more complex data requirements. Future research will focus on evaluating the quality of the simulation results on vertical and tilted surfaces as well as the calculation of direct and diffuse solar irradiation values for vector‐based methods.
Export diversification and macroeconomic shocks
Authors: Zélity Balázs
Published: January 2025

This research explores how export diversification interacts with macroeconomic shocks by investigating how a country's response to aggregate shocks is impacted by its level of export diversification. This is done through the lens of a version of the Melitz (Econometrica, 2003, 71, 1695) model, which is calibrated to five European countries and is solved quantitatively. The welfare effect of shocks to the balance of payments, production fixed costs and domestic productivity is amplified by export diversification, whilst the effect of shocks to trade costs, foreign population, entry fixed costs and foreign productivity is dampened by export diversification. The amplification of shocks, in particular, is a novel finding as the literature generally finds export diversification reduces macroeconomic volatility. The channel for it is how firms' reallocation of sales between domestic and export markets in response to the shock interacts with export diversification.
Supplemental Material: New insights into controlling factors of organic matter enrichment in Carboniferous–Permian shales based on machine learning
Authors: Lin Donglin , al. et
Published: January 2025

Figures S1–S5 and Table S1.
Fair Ride Allocation on a Line
Authors: Amano Yuki , Igarashi Ayumi , Kawase Yasushi , Makino Kazuhisa , Ono Hirotaka
Published: January 2025

The airport problem is a classical and well-known model of fair cost-sharing for a single facility among multiple agents. This article extends it to a more general setting involving multiple facilities. Specifically, in our model, each agent selects a facility and shares the cost with the other agents using the same facility. This scenario frequently occurs in sharing economies, such as sharing subscription costs for a multi-user license or taxi fares among customers traveling to potentially different destinations along a route. Our model can be viewed as a coalition formation game with size constraints, based on the fair cost-sharing of the airport problem. We refer to our model as
a fair ride allocation on a line
. We incorporate Nash stability and envy-freeness as criteria for solution concepts in our setting. We show that if a feasible allocation exists, a Nash stable feasible allocation that minimizes the social cost of agents exists and can be computed efficiently. Regarding envy-freeness, we provide several structural properties of envy-free allocations. Based on these properties, we design efficient algorithms for finding an envy-free allocation when either (1) the number of facilities, (2) the number of agent types, or (3) the capacity of facilities, is small. Moreover, we show that a consecutive envy-free allocation can be computed in polynomial time. On the negative front, we show NP-completeness of determining the existence of an allocation under two relaxed envy-free concepts.
Dynamic and Immersive Framework for Drone Delivery Services in Skyway Networks
Authors: Lin Jiamin , Alkouz Balsam , Bouguettaya Athman , Abu Safia Amani
Published: January 2025

We propose a novel dynamic and immersive 3D framework designed to facilitate the setup and customization of drone scheduling algorithms for evaluating service-based drone delivery systems. This framework features a robust system architecture that supports user-defined behavior logic. It also incorporates real-time data communication protocols for relaying timely instructions to the drones. Additionally, it integrates a comprehensive drone energy consumption model that accurately simulates the physics of drone operations and accounts for both internal and external factors affecting energy usage. The framework includes a sophisticated 3D visualization component, depicting drone deliveries from source to destination through a realistic skyway network within an interactive virtual urban environment. It also enables automated data tracking, which is crucial for testing algorithms and collecting data to support data-driven decisions and optimizations. We evaluate the framework by conducting a comprehensive usability test to assess its user interface and overall user experience. Additionally, we test the framework using a drone swarm to execute delivery requests under both simple and complex energy consumption models. The results show that the framework has a user-friendly interface and effectively supports drone delivery simulations under the complex physics-based energy consumption model.
Pone-GNN: Integrating Positive and Negative Feedback in Graph Neural Networks for Recommender Systems
Authors: Liu Ziyang , Wang Chaokun , Zheng Shuwen , Wu Cheng , Zheng Kai , Song Yang , Mou Na
Published: January 2025

Recommender systems mitigate information overload by offering personalized suggestions to users. As the interactions between users and items can inherently be depicted as a bipartite graph, recent years have seen a surge in the interest in harnessing graph neural networks (GNNs) for enhancing recommender systems. However, a notable limitation of current GNN-based recommendation models is their exclusive emphasis on positive feedback, while disregarding the potentially insightful negative feedback. In this paper, we introduce Pone-GNN, a novel recommendation model that synergistically integrates both
Po
sitive and
ne
gative feedback in
G
raph
N
eural
N
etworks. Pone-GNN utilizes dual embeddings—interest embeddings for capturing a user’s likes and disinterest embeddings for a user’s dislikes. Also, Pone-GNN performs message passing for both positive and negative feedback, and integrates two sets of embeddings through contrastive learning, which is crucial for extracting robust and discriminative embeddings. Our comprehensive experimental analysis demonstrates that Pone-GNN outperforms state-of-the-art models on diverse real-world recommendation datasets. For example, Pone-GNN achieves a 6.15% increase in relative
nDCG
@10 compared to the runner-up on the KuaiRec dataset.
Singular Integral Equations of Convolution Type With Carleman Shift
Authors: Nagdy A. S. , Hashem KH. M. , Ebrahim H. E. H.
Published: January 2025

This article discusses a few different types of singular integral equations of the convolution type with Carleman shift in class {0}. By using the theory of Fourier analysis, these equations under consideration are transformed into Riemann–Hilbert boundary value problems for analytic functions with shift and discontinuous coefficients. For such problems, we propose a method different from the classical ones, and we obtain the analytic solutions and the conditions of Noether solvability.

MSC2010 Classification: 45E10, 45E05, 30E25
Effect of Freeze–Thaw Action on Mesostructure of Ecological Fiber Reinforced Loess
Authors: Gao Zhongnan , Liu Xiaofeng , Cheng Chao , Li Chen , Zhang Haifeng , Wang Qian
Published: January 2025

Traditional chemical additives inevitably pollute, damage, and destroy the ecological environment and natural resources while simultaneously addressing the requirements of engineering construction in loess areas. Additionally, freeze–thaw cycles exert a substantial influence on the long‐term durability of engineering structures located in areas with loess deposits. Thus, it is a considerable benefit to identify and utilize materials that are beneficial to the environment and which will augment the engineered performance and freeze–thaw resistant capacity of loess. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of freezing and thawing cycles on the mesostructural attributes using loess reinforced with lignin fiber and to elucidate an effect of varying fiber doses in relation to the response of loess to freezing and thawing. The findings illustrate that the incorporation of fiber effectively eliminates the presence of overhead pores in the loess. Furthermore, the freeze–thaw action induces the formation of long‐narrow pores along the fiber surface in the reinforced loess. Adding the fiber reduces the characteristic parameters of the loess mesostructure. On the other hand, the freezing and thawing action increases the apparent void ratio, the mean pore area, and the area probability distribution index of the reinforced loess, while decreasing the probability entropy and bringing the fractal dimension very close. Freeze–thaw has the least effect on the apparent void ratio and microfine pore area ratio of 1% fiber loess. The filling and bridge effects of lignin fiber serve as the primary means of enhancing the strength of loess. Through its control of water, fiber bears the influence of some loess particles and pores, thus improving the freeze–thaw resistant capacity of loess.
Perceived Healthfulness, Nutrient Content Awareness, Consumption, and Intention to Purchase Selected Ultraprocessed Products Among Adults in South Africa
Authors: Bopape Makoma , De Man Jeroen , Taillie Lindsey Smith , Swart Rina
Published: January 2025

Objective: To investigate the perceived healthfulness, nutrient content awareness, consumption, and intention to purchase selected ultraprocessed products (UPP) and their sociodemographic determinants.

Design: Cross‐sectional study involving secondary data analysis.

Setting: This study was conducted in all nine provinces of South Africa.

Participants: In total, 1951 adults (18–50 years), with 63.5% females and 66.3% from low socioeconomic group.

Methods: Participants were shown A4 images of mock‐branded UPP, with no nutrition information provided. Questions asked were based on the images to determine the nutrient content awareness, healthfulness perception, consumption frequency, and intention to purchase the UPP based on sociodemographic characteristics.

Analysis: Descriptive statistics were conducted for nutrient content awareness, perceived healthfulness, consumption, and intention to purchase UPP. Associations with sociodemographic variables were determined using regression analyses: logistic regression for perceived healthfulness and nutrient content awareness, ordinary least square regression for UPP consumption, and intention to purchase was modeled as a latent variable in a multiple indicators multiple cause (MIMIC) model.

Results: Over a third of participants (41.8%) were not aware that fruit juice is high in sugar. Only 13% of the participants perceived fruit juice as unhealthy and more than 50% showed the intention to purchase fruit juice, cereals, and yoghurt in the future. More than 50% reported consuming most UPP either daily or weekly. Perceived healthfulness was associated with gender, while UPP consumption was associated with education, age, gender, and being unemployed. Intention to purchase UPP was the only variable associated with socioeconomic status.

Conclusion and Implications: Intervention strategies such as simplified front‐of‐pack labeling may have a role in improving nutrition awareness and discouraging UPP consumption.
circ‐ZEB1 Enhances NSCLC Metastasis and Proliferation by Modulating the miR‐491‐5p/EIF5A Axis
Authors: Wang Qi , Ling Shengying , Lv Jia , Wu Lina
Published: January 2025

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs), covalently closed single‐stranded RNAs, have been implicated in cancer progression. A previous investigation revealed that circ‐ZEB1 is expressed abnormally in liver cancer. However, the roles of circ‐ZEB1 in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are unknown.

Methods: In this study, we used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and RT‐qPCR to study circ‐ZEB1 expression in NSCLC cells and tissues. A luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate downstream targets of circ‐ZEB1. Transwell migration, 5‐ethynyl‐20‐deoxyuridine (EdU), and cell counting kit‐8 (CCK8) assays were performed to assess proliferation and migration. In vivo metastasis and tumorigenesis assays were also performed to investigate circ‐ZEB1 functions during NSCLC.

Results: Our results showed that circ‐ZEB1 expression was increased in NSCLC tissues and cells. circ‐ZEB1 downregulation suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation as well as migration in vitro and in vivo. Luciferase data confirmed EIF5A and miR‐491‐5p as downstream targets of circ‐ZEB1. EIF5A overexpression and miR‐491‐5p suppression reversed NSCLC cell migration post circ‐ZEB1 silencing.

Conclusion: Our collective findings advised that circ‐ZEB1 takes part in the malignant progression through regulating the miR‐491‐5p/EIF5A axis, highlighting its potential as an effective NSCLC therapeutic target.
Gold Nanoparticle Inhibits the Tumor‐Associated Macrophage M2 Polarization by Inhibiting m6A Methylation‐Dependent ATG5/Autophagy in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hao Yuanyuan , Duan Feng , Dong Xianning , Bi Ran , Wang Yinzhe , Zhu Senqiang , Hu Jinghai
Published: January 2025

Background: This study aims to study how gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) function in the recruitment and polarization of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) in hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) and castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Methods: Phorbol ester (PMA)‐treated THP‐1 cells were cocultured with LNCaP or PC3 cells to simulate TAMs. Macrophage M2 polarization levels were detected using flow cytometry and M2 marker determination. ATG5 expression was detected by western blotting. Luciferase reporter assay was used to analyze the N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) site activity of ATG5 3′ untranslated regions (3′‐UTRs). Methylated RNA immune precipitation (MeRIP)–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to determine the m6A levels at ATG5 3′‐UTR. Xenograft mouse models were used to determine the function of AuNPs in vivo.

Results: Macrophages exhibited reduced M2 polarization in both HSPC and CRPC cells after AuNP treatment which was prevented by induction of autophagy. AuNP treatment decreased the m6A levels in the 3′‐UTR of ATG5. Mutational analysis of potential m6A sites within ATG5 3′‐UTR revealed that these sites were required for AuNP regulation, indicating that AuNPs inhibited ATG5 levels in an m6A‐dependent manner. The mouse model revealed that AuNPs significantly reduced the M2 polarization of TAMs in an autophagy‐dependent manner in vivo. This suggests that AuNPs inhibit tumor growth in vivo partially through targeting M2 TAM.

Conclusion: The ATG5/autophagy pathway is inhibited by AuNP treatment in an METTL3/m6A‐dependent manner. AuNPs inhibit the TAM M2 polarization in HSPC and CRPC by inhibiting ATG5/autophagy.
Anomalous Right Coronary Artery: Culprit or Innocent Bystander?
Authors: Kersey Cooper B. , Oyetunji Shakirat , Don Creighton W.
Published: January 2025

Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery is a rare congenital heart defect. The detection of anomalous coronary arteries is likely to increase with increased availability and application of cardiac computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Once detected, the recommendation for surgical intervention on anomalous coronary arteries depends upon patient symptoms, the presence or absence of inducible ischemia on stress imaging, and high‐risk anatomic features. A 77‐year‐old man with a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease Stage III, and moderate aortic stenosis presented with a non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction and was found to have an anomalous aortic origin of the right coronary artery on cross‐sectional imaging. His aortic stenosis had also progressed from moderate to severe, and it was not clear whether his myocardial infarction could be exclusively attributed to a supply–demand disparity within the context of profound aortic stenosis or if his aberrant coronary anatomy could be implicated as the culprit for his presentation. A multidisciplinary heart team decided to proceed with a transcatheter aortic valve replacement and then readdress surgical intervention on his anomalous right coronary artery if his anginal symptoms persisted following valve replacement.
Camouflage Orthodontic Treatment of a Severe Class III Malocclusion
Authors: Nyakale Mandla Dominic
Published: January 2025

Class III malocclusion remains the most challenging occlusal problem to treat due to the complexity of the interrelationships of the underlying skeletal and dental structures. Camouflage orthodontic treatment is a preferred alternative method used to manage mild to moderate Class III malocclusion in nongrowing patients. The aim of this article was to demonstrate a camouflage orthodontic treatment of a 22‐year‐old female patient diagnosed as having a severe skeletal Class III malocclusion characterized by a straight facial profile, reverse overjet, crowded maxillary incisors, retrognathic maxilla, prognathic mandible, and a hypodivergent facial pattern. The initial diagnosis suggested orthognathic surgery, but the patient preferred the alternative treatment. The treatment approach chosen was nonextraction camouflage orthodontic treatment combined with Class III elastics. At the end of treatment, the canines and molars were in a Class I relationship, while the incisors presented a normal overjet and overbite relationship. The maxillary and mandibular midlines corresponded with each other and with the midsagittal plane, and the smile aesthetics were improved. The facial profile was slightly improved, and the vertical face height was also slightly increased with treatment. The treatment results were maintained 15 months after treatment. It was concluded that camouflage orthodontic treatment can be used as an effective alternative method to achieve acceptable dentofacial aesthetics, functional occlusion, and stability in treating an adult patient diagnosed with severe skeletal Class III malocclusion characterized by a retrognathic maxilla, prognathic mandible, and a hypodivergent facial pattern.
Towards Investigating Innovation Perceptions of Leaders in the ICT Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Abbasi Eram , Khan Anwar Ahmed , Siddiqui Muhammad Shoaib , Siddiqui Shama
Published: January 2025

Innovation in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector is critical for organizational growth and societal sustainability. However, the innovation capabilities of developing countries, particularly in the ICT sector, remain underexplored. This study is aimed at assessing the perceptions of senior leadership within Pakistan’s ICT sector to identify the factors contributing to the limited scope of innovation. Through qualitative interviews with senior leaders from various ICT organizations, this research explores their views on the definition, types, and driving factors of innovation. Most interview participants reported that the major type of innovation practiced at the ICT sector of Pakistan is “product,” the level is “partial replication,” and the major driving source is “factors external to the organization.” Based on these insights, we developed an innovation readiness framework (IRF) to help organizations enhance their innovation capacity. IRF is expected to provide actionable strategies for organizations to assess their current innovation practices, identify gaps, and adopt a structured approach to enhance both product development and operational processes. By addressing sector‐specific challenges such as limited resources and regulatory barriers, the IRF is aimed at empowering organizations to move from replication to more original, impactful innovations. Hence, implementing this framework is expected to improve the sector’s competitiveness, drive sustainable growth, and contribute meaningfully to societal advancement by aligning with broader development goals.
The Development of a Vocational Rehabilitation Program to Assist Individuals With MDRTB and TB in Returning to Work
Authors: Soeker Mogammad Shaheed , Jainodien Ayesha
Published: January 2025

Background: Individuals diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) and multidrug‐resistant (MDR) TB may struggle to return to work after they have completed a rehabilitation program. Multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) has been seen as a condition that is resistant to treatment, hence causing individuals to be economically in‐active for considerable periods of time.

Objective: The aim of the current study was to explore the views of individuals living with MDRTB, individuals with TB, and health professionals treating individuals with TB and MDRTB about the development of a vocational rehabilitation program.

Method: The researchers used an exploratory descriptive research design, and semistructured interviews were conducted with five key informants and four participants who were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and MDRTB. Thematic analysis was used in order to analyse the study findings. The current study is the second of two articles. The first article focused on barriers and facilitators linked to returning to work for individuals living with TB and MDRTB. The current article focuses on the development of a vocational rehabilitation program.

Results: The findings of the original study revealed five themes; however, for the purpose of this article, only two themes will be presented, namely, Theme 1: promoting a holistic model and Theme 2: the use of resources for activity engagement. The latter theme contributed to the participant’s view of the development of a vocational rehabilitation program.

Conclusion: The study provided a description of the components of a vocational rehabilitation program that has been adapted from the Model of Occupational Self‐Efficacy (MOOSE). The above program has been designed for individuals diagnosed with PTB/MDRTB and has the potential to assist them in returning to work. It is suggested that vocational rehabilitation programs be incorporated into general medical programs that focus on improving the functioning of individuals diagnosed with PTB/MDRTB.
Cardiorenal Syndrome in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Insights into Pathophysiology and Recent Advances
Authors: Khandait Harshwardhan , Sodhi Sohail Singh , Khandekar Ninad , Bhattad Venugopal Brijmohan
Published: January 2025

Background: Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) refers to the bidirectional interactions between the acutely or chronically dysfunctioning heart and kidney that lead to poor outcomes. Due to the evolving literature on renal impairment and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), this review aimed to highlight the pathophysiological pathways, diagnosis using imaging and biomarkers, and management of CRS in patients with HFpEF. Summary: The mechanism of CRS in HFpEF can be hypothesized due to the interplay of elevated central venous pressure, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, coronary microvascular dysfunction, and chronotropic incompetence. The correlation between HFpEF and worsening renal function seen in both long-term trials and observational data points to the evidence for these mechanisms. Upcoming biomarkers such as cystatin C, NGAL, NAG, KIM-1, ST-2, and galectin-3, along with conventional ones, are promising for early diagnosis, risk stratification, or response to therapy. Despite the lack of specific treatment for CRS in HFpEF, the management can be discussed with similar medications used in goal-directed medical therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Additionally, there is increasing evidence for the role of vasodilators, inotropes, assist devices, and renal denervation, although long-term studies are necessary. Key Message: The management of CRS in HFpEF is an evolving field that currently shows promise for using diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, conventional heart failure medications, and novel therapies such as renal denervation, interatrial shunt, and renal assist devices. Further studies are needed to understand the pathophysiological pathways, validate the use of novel biomarkers, especially for early diagnosis and prognostication, and institute new management strategies for CRS in patients with HFpEF.
Auto-expandable metallic ureteral stents for complex ureteral stenosis: long term outcomes in a tertiary institution
Authors: Mata Marina , Laso-García Inés María , Lorca-Álvaro Javier , Duque-Ruiz Gemma , Arias-Fúnez Fernando , Hevia Manuel , López-Pérez Enrique , Burgos-Revilla Francisco
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Auto-expandable ureteral stents can be an alternative to percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) in refractory ureteral stenosis. Our aim is to analyse results and complications of ureteral stents in our centre.
Methods: Retrospective review of OptiMed® expandable ureteral stents placed in our centre (1996-2022). Analysis of complications (Clavien-Dindo classification). Kaplan-Meier curves (long-rank test) to assess stent permeability and Cox regression for associated factors.
Results: 58 patients were included. Median follow-up: 36 months (11–82). Median age: 61 years (48–68). Most frequent aetiology of ureteral stenosis was malignancy in 30 cases (53.6%). The most common location of stricture was distal ureter in 44 (63.8%) ureteral strictures.
Creatinine levels improved in 28(48.3%) cases. Most common acute complication was UTI in 6(3.4%) patients (Clavien-Dindo II).
20 patients presented with stent obstruction. 14(24.1%) were solved with double J stenting and 6(10.3%) cases with PCN. Mean stent survival time was 50 months (34.3–65.8). By the end of follow up, 23(39.6%) patients were alive. Of those, 9(39.1%) had a functioning stent. No association of any factor with patency of stent was found.
Conclusions: Expandable ureteral stents are an alternative to PCN in fragile patients with refractory stenosis, which offers a better quality of life.
Gene Panel-based Genotyping of 279 Turkish Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young Patients from Eastern Anatolia
Authors: Yarali Oguzhan , Turkyilmaz Ayberk , Bayrak Muharrem , Guler Mustafa Can , Cayir Atilla
Published: January 2025

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the genotypic and clinical characteristics of Turkish patients with Maturity-onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) in Eastern Anatolia in order to improve the understanding of the genetic diversity and clinical manifestations of MODY. The findings should help to improve the diagnosis and management of monogenic diabetes.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 279 patients with suspected MODY, selected for age at presentation, family history, no pancreas autoantibodies and minimal/no need for insulin. A next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel was used for genetic analysis. The panel included 15 different genes.
Conclusion: In about 94% of the patients varants in GCK, HNF1A and HNF4A were detected.This study provides valuable insights into the genotypic and clinical spectrum of MODY in a Turkish population. The findings underscore the importance of comprehensive genetic testing and personalized approaches to optimize MODY diagnosis and treatment. The study emphasizes the crucial role of genetic testing in managing and treating MODY. Detailed analysis of genetic variations and clinical manifestations plays a crucial role in diagnosing and assessing MODY risks. The results may inform the development of personalized treatment approaches.
Encased by the pancreas: an unusual cause of gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Prata Rita , Martins Pedro , Ramos Gonçalo , Coimbra João
Published: January 2025

As per author guidelines, an abstract is not required.
Comparison of colon adenoma detection rate using transparent cap-assisted and conventional colonoscopy: result from an international trial in Asia
Authors: Chirapongsathorn Sakkarin , Suzuki Sho , Prasanwon Panlert , Aniwan Satimai , Chiu Han-Mo , Laohavichitra Kannikar , Yamamura Takeshi , Kuo Chen-Ya , Yoshida Naohisa , Ang Tiing Leong , Takezawa Takahito , Rerknimitr Rungsun , Ishikawa Hideki , Gotoda Takuji ,   ATLAS trial group
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Controversy remains regarding transparent cap-assisted technique improves adenoma detection rate (ADR) in colonoscopy. We aimed to investigate the effect of transparent cap-assisted colonoscopy on ADR and other colonoscopy performance.
Methods: We performed sub-analysis of an international, multicenter, open-label database containing colonoscopy data from 11 centers in 4 Asian countries/regions on patients who underwent colonoscopy. The patient characteristics, procedure related characteristics, and pathological findings of all detected lesions were prospectively recorded. The patients were divided into 2 groups as receiving colonoscopy with or without transparent cap attachment. The ADR and procedure time were compared between the 2 groups. Other procedural factors related to ADR were also investigated.
Results: Between November 2020 and January 2022, 3,029 who underwent colonoscopy (transparent cap-assisted colonoscopy, n=1,796; standard colonoscopy, n=1,233) were enrolled in this study. The transparent cap-assisted colonoscopy group ADR was significantly higher than the conventional colonoscopy (55.1% vs 50.0%, p<0.01). Transparent cap-assisted colonoscopy detected a higher proportion of patients with adenoma (odd ratio (OR): 1.59, 95%CI: 1.13-2.24, p<0.01) and any polypoid lesion (OR: 1.49, 95%CI: 1.04-2.16, p=0.03). Transparent cap-assisted colonoscopy also reduced cecal intubation time (mean difference: -0.35 min) and total colonoscopy time (mean difference -3.4 min). In the other procedural factors, using linked color imaging (OR: 1.75, 95%CI: 1.49-2.06, p<0.01), patient body rotation (OR: 1.54, 95%CI, 1.12-2.13, p<0.01), longer withdrawal time (OR:1.12, 95%CI: 1.09-1.15, p<0.01) were also significantly associated to adenoma detection.
Conclusion: In real-world practice, transparent cap-assisted colonoscopy is a safe and inexpensive technology that could improve adenoma and polyp detection.
Prognostic Importance of Panimmune-Inflammation Value and PILE Scores in Non-Metastatic Luminal A Breast Cancer
Authors: Yilmaz Mukaddes , Erdiş Eda , Uçar Mahmut , Yücel Birsen
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The present study evaluated the prognostic significance of panimmune-inflammation value (PIV) and PILE (a composite score of PIV, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status [ECOG PS]) in patients with non-metastatic luminal A breast cancer. Methods: Non-metastatic stage (I–III) luminal A breast cancer patients who were admitted to Cumhuriyet University Oncology Center were retrospectively examined. The PIV score was calculated using the neutrophil, platelet, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts at the time of diagnosis. The PIV, LDH, and ECOG PS parameters were used for the PILE score. Results: A total of 293 patients were included. The median PIV was 254.89; 239 (82%) patients had low PILE score; and 54 (18%) patients had high PILE score. Patients with low PIV and low PILE scores had significantly better OS and disease-free survival (DFS) (PIV; p = 0.033 for OS and p = 0.024 for DFS and PILE; p = 0.001 for OS and p = 0.005 for DFS). The PIV and PILE scores were found to be significant prognostic factors associated with OS and DFS. The PIV score was found to be an independent prognostic factor for OS and DFS (OS: score 0 vs. 1; HR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.06–3.35; p = 0.029; and DFS: score 0 vs. 1; HR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.01–3.01; p = 0.044). The PILE score was not an independent prognostic factor associated with OS or DFS. Conclusion: Survival was better in those with lower PIV and PILE scores. The PIV score was an independent prognostic factor for survival in these patients.
Deciphering the mechanisms of action underlying probiotic properties of Shouchella clausii by a functional genomics approach
Authors: Lashermes A. , Mathieu E. , Marinelli L. , Léjard V. , Dervyn E. , Martin-Gallausiaux C. , Jules M. , Lapaque N. , Doré J. , Multon M.-C. , Greifenberg D.M. , Plomer M. , Righetto Z. , Perez III M. , Blottière H.M.
Published: January 2025

Probiotics are widely used for their health promoting effects, though a lot remain to be discovered, particularly on their mechanisms of action at the molecular level. The functional genomic approach is an appropriate method to decipher how probiotics may influence human cell fate and therefore contribute to their health benefit. In the present work, we focused on Shouchella clausii (formerly named Bacillus then Alkalihalobacillus clausii), a spore-forming bacterium that is commercially available as a probiotic for the prevention and the treatment of intestinal dysbiosis and related gastrointestinal disorders, such as diarrhoea. Several studies have demonstrated that S. clausii treatment modulated inflammatory and immune responses, as well as gut barrier functions. A functional genomic strategy was implemented to decipher the mechanisms by which S. clausii exerts its probiotic effects on human intestinal epithelial cells. To do so, a large genomic DNA fragment library was constructed for each of the four strains: O/C, N/R, SIN and T. A high throughput in vitro screening in human epithelial cells was then conducted, using the reporter gene strategy, targeting the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene expression. After an exhaustive in vitro screening of approximately a thousand clones per library, several clones modulating the NF-κB pathway in the HT-29 reporter cell line were identified. Among clone lysates, 1.1% (O/C), 1.4% (N/R), 2.0% (SIN), and 1.2% (T) were identified as biologically active on immune reporter systems (NF-κB and IL-10 expression). After transposon mutagenesis and a new set of screening and sequencing, 23 coding sequences (CDS) were identified, including one encoding for the glutamine synthetase, associated with NF-κB modulation, and six CDS for IL-10 modulation. The functional genomic strategy that was applied to S. clausii was an original approach to identify gene candidates that may explain the mechanisms of action of probiotics. However, further work is needed to validate the identified leads.
Plurilateralism
Authors: Dimitropoulos Georgios , Chen Richard C. , Chaisse Julien
Published: January 2025

Plurilateralism is gaining recognition as an overarching strategy for international economic governance beyond its traditional role in trade negotiations. This approach involves multi-party, sector-specific agreements within international organizations or broader multilateral frameworks. It distinguishes itself from Preferential Trade Agreements and informal coalitions. Plurilateralism focuses on targeted cooperation among a smaller set of members, and has the capacity to foster focused (plurilateral) agreements among a smaller cohort of countries. This mode of governance may bolster the efficacy of existing institutions such as the WTO, although it may also occur in new institutions. However, the potential for increased fragmentation and the risk of sidelining developing nations remain significant concerns. This article examines the influence of plurilateralism and plurilateral agreements on contemporary international economic governance. This article, as well as the broader Special Issue, provides a fresh outlook on the strategic use of plurilateralism, underlining its significance and limitations as a parallel approach to multilateral negotiations in navigating the complex issues of international economic relations.