bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Frequency-Dependent Lattice Boltzmann Model with Single Extended Force Term for Electromagnetic Wave Propagating in Dispersive Media
Authors: Ma Huifang , Tang Mingming , Ren Hao , Guo Wenyue , Zhang Kexin , Chen Feiye , Jiang Wanshun , Wang Ying
Published: February 2023

Electromagnetic wave simulation is of pivotal importance in the design and implementation of photonic nano-structures. In this study, we developed a lattice Boltzmann model with a single extended force term (LBM-SEF) to simulate the propagation of electromagnetic waves in dispersive media. By reconstructing the solution of the macroscopic Maxwell equations using the lattice Boltzmann equation, the final form only involves an equilibrium term and a non-equilibrium force term. The two terms are evaluated using the macroscopic electromagnetic variables and the dispersive effect, respectively. The LBM-SEF scheme is capable of directly tracking the evolution of macroscopic electromagnetic variables, leading to lower virtual memory requirement and facilitating the implementation of physical boundary conditions. The mathematical consistency of the LBM-SEF to the Maxwell equations was validated by using the Champman-Enskog expansion; while five practical models were used to benchmark the numerical accuracy, stability, and flexibility of the proposed method.
Internal flat-plate airlift cylindrical reactor for the degradation of newspaper using Trichoderma reesei: characterization of hydrodynamics parameters
Authors: Hernández-Melchor Dulce Jazmín , Pérez Pablo Antonio López , Ferrera-Cerrato Ronald , Alarcón Alejandro
Published: February 2023

Trichoderma is a fungus that can degrade cellulose-rich waste using enzymes derived from their cellular metabolism. For its growth, aerated bioreactors are used in submerged culture where oxygen is one of the elements that limits this process. The aim of this study was to characterize the hydrodynamics and mass transfer of an internal flat-plate airlift cylindrical bioreactor for the biodegradation of newspaper using T. reesei as a study model. Hydrodynamics (gas hold-up, mixing time, and the Reynolds number) and mass transfer (kLa) properties were characterized in biphasic (water-air) and triphasic (Trichoderma reesei- minimal basal medium-air) systems. Degradation kinetics of newspaper in the airlift bioreactor in a batch culture were performed. On day 20, the enzyme activities, biomass, residual cellulose, protein concentration and reducing sugars were 1421 IU L-1 CMCase, 8.02 g L-1, 2.19 g L-1, 0.0018 g L-1, 0.07 g L-1 , respectively. Finally, the overall kLa (triphasic system) was calculated to be in the range of 2.34-14.76 h -1 with a Reynolds number of 1757 depending on the hydrodynamic parameters. In addition, the theoretical kLa was compared and estimated with respect to the experimental values with a maximum error of ±20% which is acceptable based on the proposed coefficient of performance. The relationship between mass transfer and the Reynolds number is an important criterion in assessing an optimal degradation of newspaper on an industrial scale.
U-Pb Zircon geochronology and geochemistry of Late Cretaceous-Paleocene metapsammite and metagranite of Luk Ulo Karangsambung, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Aminuddin Muhammad Irman Khalif Bin Ahmad , Shuaib Mohd , Akhtar Naseem , Setiawan Nugroho Imam , Warmada I Wayan
Published: February 2023

The rock formation of late Cretaceous–Paleocene granite, metapsammite, and metagranite found across Luk Ulo Complex indicated boulders with diameter of approximately one meter and rounded shape along Luk Ulo River, Indonesia. However, less research found on geochronology and geochemistry has been conducted in study area, and such rocks require comprehensive understanding of magmatism and tectonic environment of Central Java, Indonesia. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to address the geochronological and geochemical age histories across Central Java, Indonesia using U-Pb zircon dating technique. Generally, most common types of rocks were observed which composed of hornblende and garnet-bearing granite, metapsammite, and metagranite. The geochemical study showed that protolith of rocks with hornblende was identified as Cordilleran granitoid (I-type), which originated from magmatic arc with basaltic differentiation. Further, protolith of rocks containing garnet was categorized as Caledonian granitoid (S-type), which is caused by post-collisional orogeny. The cluster observations of magmatic zircons reveal their magmatic ages, which vary from 67.00 + 1.2 to 69.10 + 0.91 Ma (late Cretaceous), whereas ages of inherited zircons ranged from 100 + 5 to 437 + 13 Ma (early Cretaceous to Silurian). Estimated periods of partial melting were found between 100–5 Ma and 118–4 Ma (early Cretaceous). Comparing the zircon ages of Luk Ulo with the zircon ages from the Sundaland regions reveals that the age distribution patterns are incredibly similar; the peak ages dispersed between the Cretaceous and Triassic periods, as well as Sundaland region was the source of the materials.
Effects of different anesthesia method on short-term outcomes on gastric cancer through change of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio
Authors: Ren Jie , Liang Si , Wei Ming , Li Zhiguo
Published: February 2023

Background: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an important indicator of patient prognosis. Different anesthesia method may improve the short-term prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) patients by affecting NLR.
Methods: The authors collected the electronic medical records of patients who had undergone a GC resection from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2011. Patients respectively received epidural combined general anesthesia (EGA) or general anesthesia (GA). Propensity score (PS) match was used to minimize differences. Manne Whitney U test was used to compare the effect of the two groups on postoperative Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), length of stay (LOS) and flatus time.
Results: A total of 656 patients who had undergone gastric cancer resection were collected in this study, of which 608 patients were available (EGA group, n=221, GA group, n=387). After PS match ,203 patients were retained in each group. There were significant differences in postoperative NLR (P=0.041), flatus time (P=0.04), and LOS (P<0.001) between EGA group and GA group after PS match.
Conclusions: In conclusion, this study suggests that epidural anesthesia combined general anesthesia can improve the short-term prognosis of patients undergoing surgical resection of gastric cancer, which may be related to lower postoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio.
The Cavin-1/Caveolin-1 interaction attenuates BMP/Smad signaling in pulmonary hypertension by interfering with BMPR2/Caveolin-1 binding
Authors: Tomita Shinya , Nakanishi Naohiko , Ogata Takehiro , Higuchi Yusuke , Sakamoto Akira , Tsuji Yumika , Suga Takaomi , Matoba Satoaki
Published: February 2023

Caveolin-1 (CAV1) and Cavin-1 are components of caveolae, both of which interact with and influence the composition and stabilization of caveolae. CAV1 is associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type 2 receptor (BMPR2) is localized in caveolae associated with CAV1 and is commonly mutated in PAH. Here, we show that BMP/Smad signaling is suppressed in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells of CAV1 knockout mice. Moreover, hypoxia enhanced the CAV1/Cavin-1 interaction but attenuated the CAV1/BMPR2 interaction and BMPR2 membrane localization in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs). Both Cavin-1 and BMPR2 are associated with the CAV1 scaffolding domain. Cavin-1 decreased BMPR2 membrane localization by inhibiting the interaction of BMPR2 with CAV1 and reduced Smad signal transduction in PAECs. Furthermore, Cavin-1 knockdown was resistant to CAV1-induced pulmonary hypertension in vivo. We demonstrated that the Cavin-1/Caveolin-1 interaction attenuates BMP/Smad signaling and is a promising target for the treatment of PAH.
Experimental validation of elderly support robot integrated with knowledge representation interface
Authors: Takeda Mizuki , Sato Kaiji
Published: February 2023

As the population of modern society ages, accidents involving the elderly are increasing and there is a shortage of caregivers.
Care robots are currently being developed, but they are not yet widely used.
One of the reasons for this is that complex systems with numerous sensors are costly and require substantial maintenance.
Another reason is that it is difficult for people to understand complex automatic systems, and physical contact with such systems can cause a sense of unease.
For this reason, the authors have been researching a user state estimation method for care robots using a small number of sensors and an information presentation method that generates a sense of ease.
The center of gravity (CoG) is an effective indicator of the state of the human body, but it generally requires many sensors to accurately determine.
To solve this problem, we developed a method for calculating candidates for the CoG using a small number of sensors.
In our previous studies, we validated the experimental method via off-line state estimation simulations on the measured data when the robot was moved without any state estimation.
However, this technique was insufficient for validating real-time state estimation with an actual robot and for operating the robot based on the estimation.
In addition, the care robot developed in previous studies was equipped with an interface to reduce the user's sense of unease, and it presented the estimated user status and timing of user movements on the screen and described them with audio.
However, the system was limited to presenting information while providing standing support only, and did not communicate with the user while they were walking, sitting, or oriented abnormally.
In this study, we prototyped an interface that presents information on all user movements, such as standing, walking, sitting, and abnormal states, and that links those movements to the care robot's response to the estimated user state.
The effectiveness of the interface was validated through experiments using an actual robot with several participants.
In all cases, the robot estimated the user's state, raised and lowered the armrest to allow the user to stand up and sit down, and stopped its motion and reverted to its original state when it detected an anomaly.
The effectiveness of the interface was also confirmed by participant interviews.
These results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method in estimating the user's state, providing support based on that state, and presenting information through the interface with a sense of ease.
Effect of Endodontic Treatment on Flow Mediated Dilatation and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients With Apical Periodontitis: A Prospective Intervention Study
Authors: Chauhan Nishant , Mittal Shweta , Tewari Sanjay , Sen Jyotsana , Laller Kuldip
Published: February 2023

Objective- The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of endodontic treatment on Flow mediated dilatation (FMD) and carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT) in patients with apical periodontitis (AP).
Material and method- The study includes 32 young men having AP with mean age of 25.78 years free from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors including periodontitis. All subjects underwent complete physical and dental examination, echocardiography and ultrasound assessment of FMD on brachial artery and c-IMT on carotid artery at baseline and 12 months after the endodontic treatment. Data were analysed using Paired student t test and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) test using SPSS 26 version.
Results-Endodontic treatment leads to the improvement of FMD significantly from a pooled baseline value of 4.84±1.55% to 7.68±2.08% (p<0.05). The study also depicts statistical significant difference between c-IMT (mean=0.62 ± 0.11 mm) before treatment as compared to 12 months after treatment (mean=0.59 ± 0.11mm)(p<0.05).
Conclusion-Endodontic treatment leads to improved FMD and decreased c-IMT suggesting that treating AP can be helpful in reverting early stages of CVD.
Clinical relevance-AP could be a potential etiological factor of future CVD and should be treated as soon as diagnosed.
Utility Of Non-Invasive Tests To Detect any Esophageal Varices In patients with compensated advanced liver disease
Authors: Ahmed Syed , Sharma Sanchit , Agarwal Samagra , Wong Yu Jun , Putera Martin , Saraya Anoop
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims: Current evidence lay emphasis on detection of clinically significant portal hypertension rather than Varices needing treatment(VNTs) as a decision to start beta-blockers. Esophageal varices (EVs) irrespective of their size are the most reliable indicator of CSPH. While non-invasive tools (NITs) accurately identify those with VNTs, their role to identify any EVs in patients with compensated advanced liver disease(cACLD) is not known.
Methods: Patients with cACLD with reliable liver stiffness measurement(LSM), blood parameters and gastroscopy were retrospectively recruited from multinational cohorts. Performance of Baveno-VI (LSM > 20kPa or platelet < 150,000/mm3) and expanded Baveno-VI criteria(LSM > 25kPa or platelet < 110,000/mm3) was assessed to detect VNTs as well as any EVs. This performance was compared with Baveno-VII possible CSPH criteria (LSM ³ 15 kPa and platelet ≤ 150000/mm3) to evaluate its utility to detect any EVs.
Result: Patients with cACLD (N=1200) of predominantly viral aetiology (Hepatitis B virus :269, hepatitis C virus: 564, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: 145, alcoholic liver disease: 130, other: 92) were included. Any EVs and VNTs were present in 514 (42.8%) and 70 (5.8%) patients respectively. Baveno-VI, expanded Baveno-VI and Baveno-VII criteria missed 29/514 (5.6%), 115/514 (22.4%), 19/514 (3.7%) patients with any EVs respectively whereas they misclassified 517/686 (75.4%), 211/686 (30.8%) and 598/686 (87.4%) patients with no EVs as high risk for harbouring EVs. Baveno-VI, expanded Baveno-VI and possible CSPH criteria missed 3/70 (4.3%) and 15/70 (21.4%) and 0/70 (0%) VNTs respectively.
Conclusion: Both original Baveno-VI and Baveno-VII criteria are highly sensitive to detect varices in cACLD albeit with a high misclassification rates.
High-speed electro-optic modulation in topological interface states of a one-dimensional lattice
Authors: Zhang Yong , Shen Jian , Li Jingchi , Wang Hongwei , Feng Chenglong , Zhang Lei , Sun Lu , Xu Jian , Liu Min , Wang Ying , Tian Yonghui , Dong Jian-Wen , Su Yikai
Published: February 2023

Electro-optic modulators are key components in data communication, microwave photonics, and quantum photonics. Modulation bandwidth, energy efficiency, and device dimension are crucial metrics of modulators. Here, we provide an important direction for the miniaturization of electro-optic modulators by reporting on ultracompact topological modulators. A topological interface state in a one-dimensional lattice is implemented on a thin film lithium niobate integrated platform. Due to the strong optical confinement of the interface state and the peaking enhancement of the electro-optic response, a topological cavity with a size of 1.6 × 140 µm2 enables a large modulation bandwidth of 104 GHz. The first topological modulator exhibits the most compact device size compared to reported LN modulators with bandwidths above 28 GHz, to the best of our knowledge. 100 Gb/s non-return-to-zero and 100 Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation signals are generated. The switching energy is 5.4 fJ/bit, owing to the small electro-optic mode volume and low capacitance. The topological modulator accelerates the response time of topological photonic devices from the microsecond order to the picosecond order and provides an essential foundation for the implementation of large-scale lithium niobate photonic integrated circuits.
Screening and Analysis of Key Transcription Factors of Yili Goose Sperm Motility miRNAs-mRNAs
Authors: Wu Yingping , Zhang Lihua , Li Haiying , Zhao Xiaoyu , Ding Yawen , Yao Yingying , Wang Ling
Published: February 2023

Background:The study was conducted to find out the candidate microRNA (miRNA) and genes that regulate the sperm motility of Yili goose through small RNA sequencing of testicular tissue of Yili goose, and provide a theoretical basis for the study of the regulation mechanism of sperm motility of Yili goose gander.
Results:In this study, five male geese with high sperm motility and five male geese with low sperm motility were slaughtered to obtain their testis tissues for small RNA sequencing, and biological information methods were used for data analysis. The results showed that a total of 1575 known miRNAs and 68 novel miRNAs were identified in the testis tissue of Yili goose, and 71 differentially expressed miRNAs and 660 differentially expressed genes were screened. GO functional analysis showed that miRNAs target genes were mainly involved in terms such as binding, kinase activity, structural constituent of cytoskeleton and intermediate filament cytoskeleton. KEGG functional analysis showed that miRNAs target genes were significantly enriched in arginine and proline metabolism, glycolysis / gluconeogenesis, fructose and mannose metabolism and beta-Alanine metabolism and other pathways. miRNAs-mRNAs interaction network suggests cfa-miR-140/gga-miR-140-3p/ola-miR-140-3p-NKAIN3, cfa-let-7d-BTG1 and dre-miR-145-5p/mmu-miR -145a-5p-Clec2e may play an important role in testis development and spermatogenesis.
Conclusions:The results of this study suggest that the sperm motility of Yili goose may be regulated by different miRNAs, and the target genes are significantly enriched in pathways related to sperm metabolism, indicating that miRNAs affect the sperm motility of Yili goose by regulating the metabolic process of sperm and the expression of related genes. This study can provide a reference for revealing the regulation mechanism of Yili goose sperm motility at the molecular level.
Kriging Data with Measurement Error: A Review and a Generalized Approach
Authors: Miguel-Silva Victor , Costa João Felipe , Deutsch Clayton V.
Published: February 2023

Samples used in the mining industry are affected by sampling and analytical errors. An approach called filtered kriging with parametric error (FKPE) is proposed. FKPE is defined by the spatial continuity model of the underlying process of interest and the error associated with any number of subgroups of samples with similar behaviour. The proposed method overcomes the limitations of available methods as it deals with correlated grades, non-stationary errors, and errors correlated among samples. FKPE is mathematically compared to different methods and then illustrated in a synthetic example. Results show that FKPE is more general than available techniques and leads to the same results as standardized co-kriging in the known sampling error. FKPE does not require defining a linear model of co-regionalization.
Serious Illness Communication Skills Training for Emergency Physicians and Advanced Practice Providers: A Multi-Method Assessment of the Reach and Effectiveness of the Intervention
Authors: Adeyemi Oluwaseun , Ginsburg Alexander D. , Kaur Regina , Cuthel Allison , Zhao Nicole , Siman Nina , DrPH Keith Goldfeld , Emlet Lillian Liang , DiMaggio Charles , Yamarik Rebecca , Bouillon-Minois Jean-Baptiste , Chodosh Joshua , Grudzen Corita R. , Investigators The PRIM-ER
Published: February 2023

Background EM Talk is a communication skills training program designed to improve emergency providers’ serious illness conversational skills. Using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework, this study aims to assess the reach of EM Talk and its effectiveness. Methods EM Talk is one of the components of Primary Palliative Care for Emergency Medicine (EM) intervention. It consisted of one 4-hour training session during which professional actors used role-plays and active learning to train providers to deliver serious/bad news, express empathy, explore patients’ goals, and formulate care plans. After the training, emergency providers filled out an optional post-intervention survey, which included course reflections. Using a multi-method analytical approach, we analyzed the reach of the intervention quantitatively and the effectiveness of the intervention qualitatively using conceptual content analysis of open-ended responses. Results A total of 879 out of 1,029 (85%) EM providers across 33 emergency departments completed the EM Talk training, with the training rate ranging from 63–100%. From the 326 reflections, we identified meaning units across the thematic domains of improved knowledge, attitude, and practice. The main subthemes across the three domains were the acquisition of discussion tips and tricks, improved attitude toward engaging qualifying patients in serious illness (SI) conversations, and commitment to using these learned skills in clinical practice. Conclusion Effectively engaging qualifying patients in serious illness conversations requires appropriate communication skills. EM Talk has the potential to improve emergency providers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice of SI communication skills.Trial registration:NCT03424109
Influence of SiC microparticles and multi-pass FSW on weld quality of the AA6082 and AA5083 dissimilar joints
Authors: JAIN SUMIT , MISHRA R. S. , MEHDI HUSAIN
Published: February 2023

In the current research, the influence of multi-pass (one, two and three passes) of friction stir welding and SiC microparticles on the tensile strength, microhardness and %strain of dissimilar reinforced joints of AA6082 and AA5083 was examined. Tool rotating speed of 900 rpm, transverse speed of 45 mm/min, tool tilt angle of 2º and 8% volume percentage of SiC microparticles were considered as constant parameters for multi-pass FSW. The finding demonstrated that increasing the number of FSW passes from one to three augmented the dispersion pattern of Sic microparticles. The grain refinement of multi-pass reinforced joints was achieved by the pinning effect of SiC microparticles and dynamic recrystallization. The three-passes FSWed reinforced joint exhibited the highest tensile strength (247.17 MPa), %stain (13.1%) and microhardness (126.6 HV) due to the higher grain refinement.
Auto-amplification and Spatial Propagation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
Authors: Deng Pan , Xu Alec , Grin Peter , Matthews Kerryn , Duffy Simon , Ma Hongshen
Published: February 2023

The release of cellular DNA as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) plays a pivotal role in the immune response by entrapping and killing pathogens. NET release occurs at a greater frequency within neutrophil clusters and swarms, indicating a potential for collective behaviour. However, little is known about how dense clustering of cells influences the frequency of NET release. Using an image-based assay for NETosis within nanowells, we observed that the frequency of NETosis correlated with the number of cells within the nanowell. Upon co-incubation of NETosis-induced cells with naïve neutrophils, we observed that NET release was induced in naïve cells in a cell density-dependent manner, which was potentiated by NET DNA. By embedding NETosis-induced cells within plaques, we characterized the propagation of NETosis in naïve neutrophils. NET release in naïve neutrophils was enhanced over time but remained spatially restricted to the periphery of the plaque. Together, we show that NETosis is an auto-amplified process but that the spatial propagation of NET release is strictly regulated.
Data analysis accuracy of Urban and rural economic forecast based on neural network algorithm
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yanjie Pan , Zepeng Lv
Published: February 2023

Economic forecasting is affected by many factors. The analysis of economic data needs an intuitive and operable algorithm model. Therefore, based on this, this paper designs an urban and rural economic forecasting system based on neural network algorithm, and conducts a system test. First of all, in the data processing module, this paper adopts an efficient BP neural network algorithm based on error back propagation. This algorithm can effectively improve the accuracy of data recognition. At the same time, in order to solve the identification error caused by the complexity of urban and rural economic data during data input, the data processing layer of the system can preprocess the input data and normalize the multiple linear regression algorithm. Finally, in order to further prove the availability of the neural network algorithm used in this paper, by comparing the results of the original data and the predicted data, it is concluded that the data prediction results obtained by using the model algorithm in this paper have high accuracy and are basically consistent with the target value. Finally, through the analysis of the urban and rural economic development data, the degree of coordination of urban and rural economic development is analyzed, and the urban and rural development model is constructed. This paper also further analyzes the factors that restrict the coordinated development of urban and rural economy through indicators such as population structure, economic development, residents' life, social services and ecological construction, so as to achieve a more comprehensive urban and rural economic forecast, and provide a basis for improving the development of urban and rural economy in the regional economy.
A Look at the Measurement of the Quantum Wave function
Authors: McKeown Daniel
Published: February 2023

In Non-Relativistic Quantum Mechanics, the Schr¨odinger equation describes the evolution of a
quantum system as a superposition of different states, but cannot explain why the system is only
ever measured to be in one of these states. Here we show a new dynamical wave equation for
the evolution of the wave function, and then apply this equation to a variety of different physical
cases, showing how the wave function changes when we move from one potential to another. We
then show how a measurement in quantum mechanics is an example of a potential changing the
possible eigenvalues associated with a quantum system. The dynamical process of a measurement
that evolves the wave function not only returns a single eigenvalue for the basis it is measuring,
but also returns a new Hamiltonian with corresponding eigenvalues. This shows, contrary to some
interpretations, that the wave function is continuous after measurement.
Root-Analogue Implants compared to Forced Orthodontic Extrusion: A retrospective analysis of clinical, radiological and esthetic outcomes after restoration.
Authors: Böse Mats Wernfried Heinrich , Beuer Florian , Naumann Michael , Spies Benedikt Christopher , Neumeyer Stefan , Hildebrand Detlef , Bruhnke Maria
Published: February 2023

Objectives
To assess clinical, radiological and esthetic outcomes of prosthodontic rehabilitations supported by root-analogue implants (RAIs) or roots of severely damaged teeth after forced orthodontic extrusion (FOE).
Materials and Methods
Clinical data regarding RAIs and FOE were recorded and retrospectively evaluated for 40 patients by two independent investigators. Functional and esthetic outcomes were assessed for n = 20 pre-molars and n = 20 anterior teeth via comparison of radiographic and digital images applying the novel Functional Implant Prosthodontic Score (FIPS). Krippendorff’s alpha coefficient was calculated to assess inter-rater reliability. Mann-Whitney-U-Test was used to compare the assessed parameters. Level of significance was set to p < 0.05.
Results
Mean observation period for restorations supported by RAIs was 18.4 ± 5.7 months and 43.9 ± 16.4 months for restorations after FOE. Krippendorff’s alpha coefficients did not reveal unacceptable inter-rater reliabilities regarding the investigators and applicability of FIPS. Significant differences were documented when comparing restorations after FOE or supported by RAIs regarding “bone” (p < 0.01), “interproximal” (p < 0.05) and “mucosa” (p < 0.02) in favor of FOE.
Conclusions
Within the limitations of the present retrospective investigation both concepts seem to provide clinically acceptable results. However, bone- and tissue-preserving characteristics of FOE appear to be more promising.
Clinical Relevance:
Especially bone- and tissue-preserving characteristics regarding the concept of FOE are promising. It could be applicable for socket preservation and subsequent conventional implant placements in an adapted workflow.
Neurofunctional Differences Between the Processing of Short and Long Auditory Time Intervals
Authors: Thibault Nicola , Albouy Philippe , Grondin Simon
Published: February 2023

Previous psychophysical studies have suggested that time intervals above and below 1.2 second are processed differently in the human brain. However, the neural underpinnings of this dissociation are still unclear. In the present study, we investigate whether distinct or common brain networks and dynamics support the passive perception of short (below 1.2s) and long (above 1.2s) empty time intervals. Twenty participants underwent an EEG recording during an auditory oddball paradigm with .8- and 1.6-s standard time intervals and deviants. We computed the auditory event-related potentials for each condition at the sensor and source levels. Then we performed cluster-based permutation statistics around N1 and P2 time periods, testing deviants against standards. At the sensor level, fronto-central components were elicited by deviance detection during N1 for long intervals, and during P2 for short intervals. Source reconstructions revealed that for short intervals, deviance detection was associated with activity in the left auditory cortex, bilateral supplementary motor areas and bilateral cingulate cortices. For long intervals, deviance detection was associated with activity in the left inferior parietal sulcus (IPS), bilateral cingulate cortices, and the right motor cortex. These results suggest that distinct brain dynamics and networks support the perception of short and long time intervals. Main Text
Geographic and Enhanced Opportunistic Routing for Underwater Sensor Networks
Authors: ahmad Zaheer , Ilyas Naveed , Ashraf Nouman , Aslam Sheraz
Published: February 2023

Underwater acoustic communication is a suitable method that facilitates underwater applications. However, the dynamic underwater acoustic environment poses many challenges, such as the three-dimensional expensive energy constraint deployment of nodes, the limited bandwidth, and the movement of nodes due to water currents. This leads to a void hole in the under aquatic region and affects the network performance in terms of packet ratio and energy consumption. To address these issues, we propose two routing protocols named Pro-GEDAR and GEEDAR for under acoustic communication that route data packets from sensor nodes to sonobuoys via opportunistic geographic routing. When a communication void hole occurs, both methods switch to recovery mode instead of using control messages to analyze and discover routing paths along the communication void hole region. The recovery mode procedure relies on the topology control information through improved depth adjustment of the void nodes with a proactive approach. The method significantly improves network performance in sparse and dense distributed networks with maximum traffic load. Our experimental results prove that the performance of our routing protocols is better in terms of fraction of void node, depth adjustment and packet delivery ratio compared to other schemes.
Lead poisoning epidemiology, challenges and opportunities: First systematic review and expert consensus of the MENA region
Authors: Sukaiti Waleed Al , Shuhoumi Mohammed Abdullah Al , Balushi Hassan Al , Faifi Musa Al , Kazzi Ziad
Published: February 2023

Lead is the most ubiquitous heavy metal in the Earth's crust. Since prehistoric times, lead has widely propagated and mobilized in the environment, increasing its non-essential uptake and exposure. The amount of lead entering the atmosphere has reduced substantially in the majority of wealthy nations. Acute exposure becomes relatively low, but chronic exposure to low levels of lead remains a significant public health issue. However, disadvantaged groups are developing and industrializing countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Our current study comprises various sources of lead pollutant from 48 studies. Of these, 34 studies entered systematic review synthesis after quality assessment and evaluation using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The study sought to identify lead pollution sources, epidemiology and distribution and analyse lead poisoning clinical manifestations, management, challenges and opportunities throughout the MENA countries.
Reliability Analysis of Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Based on Improved FMEA Combined with Machine Learning
Authors: Duan Chunyan , Zhu Mengshan , Wang Kangfan
Published: February 2023

Along with the booming of intelligent manufacturing, the reliability management of intelligent manufacturing systems appears increasingly important. Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a prospective reliability management instrument extensively utilized to manage failure modes of systems, products, processes, and services in various industries. However, the conventional FMEA method has been criticized for its inherent limitations. Therefore, this paper devises a method based on an improved FMEA model combined with machine learning for complex systems and applies it to the reliability management of intelligent manufacturing systems. The structured network of failure modes is constructed based on the knowledge graph for intelligent manufacturing systems. The grey relation analysis (GRA) is applied to determine the risk prioritization of failure modes, hereafter the clustering analysis is employed to extract the features of failure modes. The results show that the proposed method can more accurately reflect the coupling relationship between the failure modes compared with the conventional FMEA method. This research provides significant support for the reliability and risk management of complex systems such as intelligent manufacturing systems.
Hybrid Approach for Certificate Verification using Blockchain in Cloud Environment
Authors: Prabhu D. , Bose S , Naveena R
Published: February 2023

The current analog system for managing educational certificates was unreliable and slow. Students have to request their official transcripts from their university registrar and pay their fees for each copy of the transcript requested. The person who has acquired the credentials should be in charge of them, but most of the time the students have to rely on third parties, such as universities or employers to store, verify and validate the credentials. Employers and universities still at times need to call the issuing authority of the certificate if they want to be sure that the transcript was not faked. It’s complicated and tedious, which is one of the major factors for fraud. Making certificates easily verifiable and transferable is one advantage of digital systems. There are several advantages of creating a digital infrastructure for certificates, but the stakes are high as such systems will grow forward to represent our professional reputations. When proposing a digital method of processing certificates, the elimination of counterfeit certificates from the system should be given top priority. Using a hash-based storage method to assure the authenticity and security of digital content kept on the platform, colleges can submit student certificates and authenticate certificates from other member universities. A permissioned blockchain-based system is employed in the proposed system for the safe verification of academic degrees. The Raft ordering service is used to handle numerous distributed orderers. Universities can upload their student's credentials and validate the certifications of other member universities. A hash-based storage system is used to store the digital contents of the certificate in order to guarantee its authenticity and security. The certificate will be hashed using the SHA-256 technique, then stored in a blockchain. The student can use this hash value to further verify their certificate. The university's reputation is determined using the Beta Reputation Algorithm. This is done in order to avoid or remove the network organization that helps phoney certificates or fake validation. The system can be accessed from any location in the globe if it is set up in a cloud environment.
NumBee versus Traditional Injection: A Comparison of Pain Perception and Efficiency (A Randomized, Split- Mouth Clinical Trail)
Authors: Ameri Duaa Kamal Naji , Jafar Zainab Juma Jafar , Yas Bayda’a Ahmed
Published: February 2023

Objectives:Thisstudy compares the anesthetic efficiency of the intraligmentary needless device (NumBee) and traditional dental syringe utilized to anesthetize mandibular 1stpermanent molar, in addition to assessing the pain perception experienced by the subject during anesthesia injection and cavity preparation.Materials and Methods: Non fearful 30 children aged 6-8 years without a history of exposure to dental anesthesia were chosen to participate in the study using a randomized split-mouth design. All of them were indicated for simple class I dental restoration for both of their mandibular 1stpermanent molars. In two randomized sequential dental treatment sessions, they were administered local anesthesia using NumBee for one of their treated teeth and a conventional dental syringe for the other tooth. The pain perception for both devices during the local anesthetic injection and during cavity preparation was evaluated by using Wong Baker Faces pain scale while the efficiency was recorded according to the reported symptoms during cavity preparation.Results:Most of girls who injected by NumBee, experienced significantly less pain during the injection than during cavity preparation (p< 0.05). However, when the children were anesthetized with NumBee, the pain experience during cavity preparation was significantly higher than those anesthetized with inferior alveolar nerve block (p<0.05).Conclusion:NumBee provided a more comfortable and less painful injection as compared to Inferior dental nerve block. However, NumBee gives less anesthetic depth than the inferior alveolar nerve block.Clinical relevance:The features of the NumBee device, such as the absence of a needle, an appearance that is less likely to provoke anxiety, a reasonable duration of action, and the non-necessity of anesthetizing the entire dental nerve branch, could provide a more comfortable injection, and children might indeed favor it to the traditional syringe.Trial registration. : No. 576322 Date: 2.6.2022
Multimodal modeling of human emotions using sound, image and text fusion
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Sadegh , Yamaghani Mohammad Reza , Arabani Soodabeh Poorzaker
Published: February 2023

Multimodal emotion recognition and analysis is considered a developing research field. Improving the multimodal fusion mechanism plays a key role in the more detailed recognition of the recognized emotion. The present study aimed to optimize the performance of the emotion recognition system and presented a model for multimodal emotion recognition from audio, text, and video data. First, the data were fused as a combination of video and audio, then as a combination of audio and text as binary, and finally the results were fused together. The final output included audio, text, and video data taking common features into account. Then, the convolutional neural network, as well as long-term and short-term memory (CNN-LSTM), were used to extract audio. Next, the Inception-Res Net-v2 network was applied for extracting the facial expression in the video. The output fused data were utilized by LSTM as the input of the softmax classifier to recognize the emotion of audio and video features fusion. In addition, the CNN-LSTM was combined in the form of a binary channel for learning audio emotion features. Meanwhile, a Bi-LSTM network was used to extract the text features and softmax was used for classifying the fused features. Finally, the generated results were fused together for the final classification, and the logistic regression model was used for fusion and classification. The results indicated that the recognition accuracy of the proposed method in the IEMOCAP data set was 82.9.
Comparison of Semi and Fully Automated Artificial Intelligence Driven Softwares and Manual System for Cephalometric Analysis
Authors: Zaheer Rumeesha , Shafique Hafiza Zobia , Khalid Zahra , Shahid Rooma , Jan Abdullah , Zahoor Tooba , Nawaz Ramsha , Hassan Mehak ul
Published: February 2023

Background:
Cephalometric analysis has been used as one of the main diagnostic tools for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The analysis can be performed manually on acetate tracing sheets, digitally by manual selection of landmarks or by recently introduced Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven tools or softwares that automatically detect landmarks and analyze them. The use of AI-driven tools is expected to avoid errors and make it less time consuming with effective evaluation and high reproducibility.
Objective:
To conduct intra- and inter-group comparisons of the accuracy and reliability of cephalometric tracing and evaluation done manually and with AI-driven tools including WebCeph and CephX softwares.
Methods:
Digital and manual tracing for cephalometric analyses was conducted for 54 patients. 18 cephalometric parameters were assessed on each radiograph by manual method and by using 2 softwares (Webceph and Ceph X). Each parameter was assessed by two investigators using these three methods. SPSS software was then used to assess the differences in values of cephalometric variables between investigators, between softwares, between human investigator means and software means. ICC and paired T test were used for intra-group comparisons while ANOVA and post-hoc were used for inter-group comparisons.
Results:
· Twelve out of eighteen variables had high intra-group correlation and significant ICC p-values, 5 variables had relatively lower values and only one variable (SNO) had significantly low ICC value.
· Fifteen out of eighteen variables had minimal detection error using fully-automatic method of cephalometric analysis. Only three variables had lowest detection error using semi-automatic method of cephalometric analysis.
· Inter-group comparison revealed significant difference between three methods for eight variables; Witts, NLA, SNGoGn, Y-Axis, Jaraback, SNO, MMA and McNamara to Point A.
Conclusion:
There is a lack of significant difference in the majority of variables among the manual, semi automatic and fully automatic methods of cephalometric tracing and analysis. The mean detection errors were the highest for manual analysis and lowest for fully automatic method. Hence the fully automatic AI software has the most reproducible and accurate results.
The development and validation of a Global Advanced Development Framework for the pharmacy workforce: A four-stage multi-methods approach
Authors: Meilianti Sherly , Galbraith Kirsten , Bader Lina , Udoh Arit , Ernawati Desak , Bates Ian
Published: February 2023

Background

Studies have indicated that a generalisable and translatable global framework is a useful tool for supporting career progression and recognising advanced practice.

Aim

To develop and validate a global advanced competency development framework as a tool to advance the pharmacy profession globally.

Methods

A four-stage multi-methods approach was adopted. In sequence, this comprised an assessment of initial content and a cultural validation of the advanced level framework. Following this, we conducted a transnational modified Delphi followed by an online survey sampling the global pharmacy leadership community. Finally, a series of case studies were constructed exemplifying the framework implementation.

Results

Initial validation resulted in a modified draft competency framework comprising 34 developmental competencies across six clusters. Each competency has three phases of advancement to support practitioner progression. The modified Delphi stage provided feedback on framework modifications related to cultural issues, including missing competencies and framework comprehensiveness. External engagement and case study stages provided further validity on the framework implementation and dissemination.

Conclusion

The four-staged approach demonstrated transnational validation of a global advanced competency framework as a mapping and development tool for the pharmacy professions. Further study is needed to develop a global glossary of terminologies on advanced and specialist practice. Also, developing an accompanying professional recognition system and education and training programmes to support framework implementation is recommended.
Simulation and Implementation of an Induction Heating System for Heating Brittle Thin Metal Sheets by Various Excitation Current Frequencies
Authors: HATEM Sude
Published: February 2023

The induction heating process is a highly nonlinear problem since it is associated with so many different variables. The mathematical analysis of this problem is very challenging and needs to be simplified. In most cases, calculating these parameters based on spatial geometry is also non-trivial. This paper deals with a simulation model of induction heating problem. The induction heating properties of brittle metal sheets under various currents and frequencies of an Archimedean spiral coil are simulated in this work using the finite element method of COMSOL Multiphysics, a solution to complicated constructions. In order to distinguish between partial influences, the coil model is adjusted to closely resemble the geometry of the actual coil. The simulation process includes two phases. The former case is obtained by evaluating the heating process and temperature change by gradually increasing the excitation current frequency flowing through induction coil in frequency domain analysis and the latter case is obtained by applying a constant frequency current in a frequency transient condition and evaluating the heating process in model. Hence, the simulation model provides essential information about the nonlinear electromagnetic and thermal properties of the workpiece material in both cases. To verify the simulation model results, a laboratory model is developed and experimental measurements of temperature are compared with simulation results.