bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developments in the study of Chinese herbal medicine's assessment index and action mechanism for diabetes mellitus
Authors: Liu Xin‐Yue , Zheng Han‐Wen , Wang Feng‐Zhong , Atia Tul‐Wahab , Fan Bei , Wang Qiong
Published: July 2024

In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), based on various pathogenic symptoms and the ‘golden chamber’ medical text,Huangdi Neijing, diabetes mellitus falls under the category ‘collateral disease’. TCM, with its wealth of experience, has been treating diabetes for over two millennia. Different antidiabetic Chinese herbal medicines reduce blood sugar, with their effective ingredients exerting unique advantages. As well as a glucose lowering effect, TCM also regulates bodily functions to prevent diabetes associated complications, with reduced side effects compared to western synthetic drugs. Chinese herbal medicine is usually composed of polysaccharides, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. These active ingredients reduce blood sugar via various mechanism of actions that include boosting endogenous insulin secretion, enhancing insulin sensitivity and adjusting key enzyme activity and scavenging free radicals. These actions regulate glycolipid metabolism in the body, eventually achieving the goal of normalizing blood glucose. Using different animal models, a number of molecular markers are available for the detection of diabetes induction and the molecular pathology of the disease is becoming clearer. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of scientific data about the pharmacology, dose‐effect relationship, and structure–activity relationship of TCM and its constituents. Further research into the efficacy, toxicity and mode of action of TCM, using different metabolic and molecular markers, is key to developing novel TCM antidiabetic formulations.
Aluminiumalkylinduzierte Isomerisierung von Gruppe IV meso Metallocen Komplexen
Authors: Lenz Tim M. , Chiorescu Ion , Napoli Fabrizio E. , Liu Jin Y. , Rieger Bernhard
Published: July 2024

Bei der Synthese von Gruppe IV Metallocen‐Präkatalysatoren für die Polymerisation von Propylen werden im Allgemeinen zwei verschiedene Isomere gebildet: Das racemische Isomer, das isotaktisches Polypropylen (iPP) produziert und das meso‐Isomer, das ataktisches Polypropylen (aPP) produziert. Aufgrund seiner vergleichbar schlechten physikalischen Eigenschaften ist die Anwendung von aPP sehr begrenzt. Um Mischungen beider Polymere zu vermeiden, was die mechanischen und thermischen Eigenschaften von iPP zu verschlechtern würde, müssen die meso Metallocenkomplexe mühsam von den racemischen Komplexen getrennt werden, was die Metallocen‐basierte Polymerisation von Propylen industriell weit weniger attraktiv macht als das Ziegler/Natta‐Verfahren. Um dieses Problem zu umgehen, haben wir ein Isomerisierungsprotokoll zur Umwandlung von meso Metallocenkomplexen in ihre racemischen Analoga entwickelt. Dieses Protokoll steigerte die Ausbeute an iPP um 400 %, wobei die hervorragenden physikalischen Eigenschaften des Polymers beibehalten wurden; es war sowohl auf Hafnocen‐, als auch auf Zirkonocenkomplexe, sowie auf verschiedene Methoden zur Aktivierung des Präkatalysators anwendbar. Durch gezielte Variation der Liganden wurden Methoxygruppen an den Indenylsubstituenten als die für eine Isomerisierung verantwortlichen Strukturmotive gefunden ‐ dieser experimentelle Nachweis wurde durch Dichtefunktionaltheorieberechnungen bestätigt. Flüssig‐Injektion‐Feld‐Desorption‐Ionisierung‐Massenspektrometrie, sowie 1H‐ und 29Si‐Kernresonanzstudien ermöglichten den Vorschlag eines Isomerisierungsmechanismus.
Electrosynthesis of Transition Metal Coordinated Polymers for Active and Stable Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Wang Xiao , Liu Fangming , Qin Hongye , Li Jinhan , Chen Xijie , Liu Kuiming , Zhao Tete , Yang Wanling , Yu Meng , Fan Guilan , Cheng Fangyi
Published: July 2024

Transition metal coordination polymers (TM‐CP) are promising inexpensive and flexible electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction in water electrolysis, while their facile synthesis and controllable regulation remain challenging. Here we report an anodic oxidation‐electrodeposition strategy for the growth of TM‐CP (TM=Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn; CP=polyaniline, polypyrrole) films on a variety of metal substrates that act as both catalyst supports and metal ion sources. An exemplified bimetallic NiFe‐polypyrrole (NiFe‐PPy) features superior mechanical stability in friction and exhibits high activity with long‐term durability in alkaline seawater (over 2000 h) and anion exchange membrane electrolyzer devices at current density of 500 mA cm−2. Spectroscopic and microscopic analysis unravels the configurations with atomically distributed metal sites induced by d‐π conjugation, which transforms into a mosaic structure with NiFe (oxy)hydroxides embedded in PPy matrix during oxygen evolution. The superior catalytic performance is ascribed to the anchoring effect of PPy that inhibits metal dissolution, the strong substrate‐to‐catalyst interaction that ensures good adhesion, and the Fe/Ni−N coordination that modulates the electronic structures to facilitate the deprotonation of *OOH intermediate. This work provides a general strategy and mechanistic insight into building robust inorganic/polymer composite electrodes for oxygen electrocatalysis.
High‐Performance Piezoelectric Two‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Gu Qianfeng , Lu Xiangqian , Chen Cailing , Wang Xiang , Kang Fangyuan , Li Yang Yang , Xu Qingfeng , Lu Jianmei , Han Yu , Qin Wei , Zhang Qichun
Published: July 2024

Organic piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) are attractive in harvesting mechanical energy for various self‐powering systems. However, their practical applications are severely restricted by their low output open circuit voltage. To address this issue, herein, we prepared two two‐dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs, CityU‐13 and CityU‐14), functionalized with fluorinated alkyl chains for PENGs. The piezoelectricity of both COFs was evidenced by switchable polarization, characteristic butterfly amplitude loops, phase hysteresis loops, conspicuous surface potentials and high piezoelectric coefficient value (d33). The PENGs fabricated with COFs displayed highest output open circuit voltages (60 V for CityU‐13 and 50 V for CityU‐14) and delivered satisfactory short circuit current with an excellent stability of over 600 seconds. The superior open circuit voltages of CityU‐13 and CityU‐14 rank in top 1 and 2 among all reported organic materials‐based PENGs.
Plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin for the peri‐operative management of type 2 heparin‐induced thrombocytopaenia in a patient requiring urgent surgery for critical limb ischaemia
Authors: Perera Y. , Taylor R. , Bera K. D. , Holman L. , Curry N. , Shah A.
Published: July 2024

We report the case of a 61‐year‐old female who developed heparin‐induced thrombocytopaenia following treatment of a submassive pulmonary embolism, and who then required an above knee amputation for critical limb ischaemia. Heparin‐induced thrombocytopaenia is a rare, immune‐mediated complication associated with an in‐hospital mortality rate of 10%. It is more common in surgical patients, with patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery more likely to develop it than patients undergoing cardiac surgery, but heparin‐dependent immunoglobulin G antibodies are more likely to be formed in the latter. Peri‐operative management remains a challenge. Ideally, it is preferable to wait for the platelet count to improve; but in certain cases, surgery cannot be delayed. Heparin‐induced thrombocytopaenia is usually managed with direct thrombin inhibitors, such as argatroban and bivalirudin. Newer therapeutic modalities, such as plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin, as used in this case, can rapidly remove antibodies, but the certainty of evidence is low. Our case adds to the literature regarding the use of these modalities and highlights the multidisciplinary team approach required to manage such complex cases.
Features of the modern development of metal‐insulator‐metal waveguide based plasmonic sensors
Authors: Butt Muhammad Ali
Published: July 2024

Plasmonic sensors based on metal‐insulator‐metal (MIM) waveguides are renowned for their miniaturization and high sensitivity in various sensing applications. A broad spectrum of researchers is numerically investigating the characteristics of MIM waveguide‐based plasmonic sensors with diverse cavity shapes. However, practical demonstrations of these sensors have not yet been realized, primarily due to the overlooked aspect of the light coupling mechanism into these waveguides. In this context, two distinct methods for coupling light into and out of plasmonic chips based on MIM waveguides are presented.
Mapping and Analysis of Protein and Gene Profile Identification of the Important Role of Transforming Growth Factor Beta in Synovial Invasion in Patients With Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis
Authors: Li Tao , Xiong Yan , Li Jian , Tang Xin , Zhong Yutong , Tang Zhigang , Zhang Qiuping , Luo Yubin
Published: July 2024

Objective

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare benign proliferative disease affecting the soft‐tissue lining the synovial joints and tendons. Its etiology is poorly understood, largely limiting the availability of current therapeutic options. Here, we mapped the synovial gene and protein profiles of patients with PVNS, revealed a link between synovial inflammation and invasion, and elucidated the potential molecular mechanism involved.

Methods

The expression of synovial genes from 6 control individuals, 7 patients with osteoarthritis (OA), and 19 patients with PVNS was analyzed via RNA sequencing. Protein profiles from 5 control individuals, 10 patients with OA, and 32 patients with PVNS were analyzed using label‐free proteomics. Microarray and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analyses and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate inflammatory cytokine and target gene expression levels in synovial tissue, epithelial cells, and synovial fibroblasts (FLSs) derived from tissue of patients with PVNS. Various signaling pathway inhibitors, small interfering RNAs, and Western blots were used for molecular mechanism studies. Transwell migration and invasion assays were subsequently performed.

Results

In total, 522 differentially expressed proteins were identified in the tissues of patients with PVNS. By integrating RNA sequencing and microarray analyses, significant changes in the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related genes, including transforming growth factor TGF‐b induced, neural cadherin, epithelial cadherin, SNAIL, and TWIST, were confirmed in the tissue of patients with PVNS compared to the control tissue. In vitro, TGFβ induced EMT and increased epithelial cell migration and invasion. Moreover, TGFβ not only promoted interactions between epithelial cells and FLSs but also directly increased the migration and invasion abilities of FLSs by activating the classical Smad2/3 and nonclassical JNK/AKT signaling pathways.

Conclusion

This study provides overall protein and gene profiles of PVNS and identifies the crucial role of TGFβ in synovial invasion pathology. Exploring the related molecular mechanism may also reveal a new strategy or target for PVNS therapy.
Dynamic event‐triggered control of 2‐D continuous systems in Roesser model
Authors: Hu Hongsheng , Meng Yunhe , Huang Shipei
Published: July 2024

In this paper, a dynamic event‐triggered control problem is discussed for 2‐D continuous systems by the Roesser model. In order to reduce communication frequency and avoid dependence on global information, a dynamic event‐triggered mechanism is constructed, which is more flexible than some existing event‐triggered schemes with fixed event‐triggered thresholds. Utilizing the dynamic event‐triggered mechanism, a state feedback controller is designed. By constructing a 2‐D Lyapunov function, sufficient conditions expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are firstly established such that the 2‐D system is asymptotically stable with a disturbance attenuation performance. It is also proved that the Zeno phenomenon is excluded. Finally, two examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Longitudinal changes in executive function in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Yeung Michael K. , Bai Jieru , Mak Kwai‐Lai
Published: July 2024

Individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis show impairment in executive function (EF). However, findings are mixed regarding differences in the age effect on EF between autistic individuals and persons with typical development (TD). Questions remain regarding whether the age‐related trajectories of EF in ASD are the same as or different from those in TD. To bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analyses of longitudinal studies that compared age‐related changes in EF between ASD and TD groups (preregistration: osf.io/j5764). A literature search was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science on January 29, 2024. After screening by two independent reviewers, 14 longitudinal studies were included. Random‐effects meta‐analyses of studies involving a maximum total of 518 autistic and 3558 TD children and adolescents (mean baseline ages: 5.7–12.0 years) showed that ASD had significantly poorer EF than TD at both baseline and follow‐up. However, there was no significant group difference in the age‐related change in EF across domains, including working memory, inhibition, shifting, and planning. Robust Bayesian meta‐analyses also provided substantial evidence in favor of the null hypothesis that ASD and TD groups showed similar changes over time for most EF processes. Limitations of the literature included the limited number of longitudinal studies and a narrow range of developmental stages and EF constructs analyzed across studies. Altogether, these findings suggest that autistic children and adolescents generally can improve in EF over time similarly to their neurotypical peers. This has important implications for parents and educators, encouraging appropriate EF training and intervention for autistic children and adolescents at an early stage.
Green micellar factorial design optimized first derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric method for tripelennamine and diphenhydramine determination in pharmaceutical gel
Authors: Amer Mona M. , El‐Khateeb Basma Z.
Published: July 2024

A green micellar synchronous spectrofluorimetric method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of tripelennamine hydrochloride and diphenhydramine in bulk and combined pharmaceutical formulation. Synchronous fluorescence of tripelennamine hydrochloride and diphenhydramine was determined using Δλ = 60 nm. The first derivative of synchronous fluorescence was computed to resolve overlap in the synchronous fluorescence spectra. Tripelennamine hydrochloride was quantified at 375 nm, whereas diphenhydramine was quantified at 293 nm; each is the zero‐crossing point of the other. As diphenhydramine exhibited weak native fluorescence, micelle enhancement upon incorporation of sodium dodecyl sulfate was considered. Two‐level full factorial design was carried out to optimize experimental parameters. Optimum conditions involved using SDS (2% w/v) along with Teorell and Stenhagen buffer (pH 9). The method was found to be linear over the range 0.2–4.5 and 0.2–5 μg/mL for tripelennamine and diphenhydramine, respectively, with limits of detection 0.211 and 0.159 μg/mL. The method was successfully applied for simultaneous determination of tripelennamine hydrochloride and diphenhydramine in laboratory‐prepared gel containing all possible excipients with mean percent recoveries ±SD 100.59 ± 0.79 and 98.99 ± 0.98 for tripelennamine hydrochloride and diphenhydramine, respectively. The proposed method was proved to be eco‐friendly using different greenness assessment tools.
Implementing green HRM practices in an emerging country: Insights from managerial and nonmanagerial employees across various industries
Authors: Sathasivam Kavitha , Islam Md Asadul , Bakar Raida Abu , Hashim Rosmawani Che
Published: July 2024

Implementing green mechanisms has been mandatory to save the environment and for greater organizational profitability, reputation, and eventually competitive advantage in the dynamic and open market. However, employees are the catalysts in implementing green mechanisms, which are diverse and sophisticated; thus, the implementation process includes numerous challenges that are not explored from managerial and nonmanagerial perspectives in the current literature. Drawing on resource‐based theory, this particular qualitative study explores the challenges faced by managerial and nonmanagerial employees working in the Malaysian automotive, electrical and electronics, and construction industries in implementing green human resource management (GHRM) practices. Using a qualitative approach, data were obtained from 48 face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews. Thematic analysis using NVivo 12 revealed 16 challenges that hinder the implementation of GHRM practices in Malaysian companies. We classified these challenges into three categories: high, moderate, and low. However, the main challenges were the lack of focus on the environment, difficulties in educating employees at different levels, a priority on progress/productivity neglecting the environment, the influence of external forces and the cost of going green. The study has discussed the implications of its findings for both theory and practice, followed by arguments on research limitations and future directions.
Trans and non‐binary person‐centred therapists' experiences of, and responses to, transprejudice from clients: A reflexive thematic analysis
Authors: Wright Megan , Murphy David
Published: July 2024

Aims

This qualitative study aimed to explore what it is like for trans and non‐binary (TNB) person‐centred therapists to be exposed to transprejudice in their client work, and how they navigate such relationships. In so doing, the study aims to amplify TNB perspectives, encourage better allyship from cisgender colleagues, workplaces and professional bodies, and inform understandings of person‐centred theory and practice.

Method

Five White, TNB, person‐centred therapists took part in non‐directive interviews. A reflexive thematic analysis was performed with a phenomenological and hermeneutical approach.

Findings

Therapists perceived their encounters with transprejudice in client work to be infrequent or less intense than in other areas of their lives. Clients who expressed transprejudice were seen as situated in a transprejudiced context, which allowed the therapists to maintain unconditional positive regard and empathy. The therapists nonetheless reported an adverse effect on their well‐being, which required proactive support from peers.

Implications

This study demonstrates the need for cisgender colleagues of TNB therapists to be sensitive to the dynamics of transprejudice. Further research is necessary to elucidate the role of internalised transprejudice in shaping TNB therapists' understandings of their person‐centred practice. Further research is also required to account for the range of identities and backgrounds in the TNB community.
Intron retention in PI‐PLC γ1 mRNA as a key mechanism affecting MMP expression in human primary fibroblast‐like synovial cells
Authors: Mariano Alessia , Ammendola Sergio , Migliorini Arianna , Leopizzi Martina , Raimondo Domenico , Scotto d'Abusco Anna
Published: July 2024

The intron retention (IR) is a phenomenon utilized by cells to allow diverse fates at the same mRNA, leading to a different pattern of synthesis of the same protein. In this study, we analyzed the modulation of phosphoinositide‐specific phospholipase C (PI‐PLC) enzymes by Harpagophytum procumbens extract (HPE) in synoviocytes from joins of osteoarthritis (OA) patients. In some samples, the PI‐PLC γ1 isoform mature mRNA showed the IR and, in these synoviocytes, the HPE treatment increased the phenomenon. Moreover, we highlighted that as a consequence of IR, a lower amount of PI‐PLC γ1 was produced. The decrease of PI‐PLC γ1 was associated with the decrease of metalloprotease‐3 (MMP‐3), and MMP‐13, and ADAMTS‐5 after HPE treatment. The altered expression of MMPs is a hallmark of the onset and progression of OA, thus substances able to decrease their expression are very desirable. The interesting outcomes of this study are that 35% of analyzed synovial tissues showed the IR phenomenon in the PI‐PLC γ1 mRNA and that the HPE treatment increased this phenomenon. For the first time, we found that the decrease of PI‐PLC γ1 protein in synoviocytes interferes with MMP production, thus affecting the pathways involved in the MMP expression. This finding was validated by the silencing of PI‐PLC γ1 in synoviocytes where the IR phenomenon was not present. Our results shed new light on the biochemical mechanisms involved in the degrading enzyme production in the joint of OA patients, suggesting a new therapeutic target and highlighting the importance of personalized medicine.
Rituximab‐induced serum sickness in immunobullous disorders: A case series
Authors: Gheisari Mehdi , Safari Giv Toktam , Pourgholi Elnaz , Zaresharifi Shirin
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical Message

Rituximab‐induced serum sickness (RISS) is a rare complication of Rituximab (RTX) in immunobullous disorders. Clinicians should be aware of the occurrence of serum sickness symptoms during RTX administration, and prompt initiation of corticosteroid therapy is crucial in these patients. Additionally, RISS may occur with subsequent RTX doses and patients should be counseled accordingly.

Rituximab (RTX) is a chimeric monoclonal anti‐CD20 antibody which has gained approval for the treatment of various autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorders. While RTX‐induced minor reactions, including immediate infusion‐related reactions, are common, serum sickness is rare. Limited data exist regarding rituximab‐induced serum sickness (RISS) in pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP). We report two cases of RISS following RTX administration in PV and MMP patients. Both patients presented with typical symptoms of serum sickness after RTX infusion, necessitating drug cessation and corticosteroid therapy for resolution. RISS represents a rare complication of RTX therapy. Clinicians should maintain awareness of serum sickness presentations during and post‐RTX administration.
Dynamic Structural Fluxionality in a Planar Tetracoordinate Carbon Cluster Stabilized by Boron Ligands
Authors: Jin Bo , Wang Zai‐Ran , Yan Miao , Feng Lin‐Yan , Miao Chang‐Qing , Wang Ying‐Jin
Published: July 2024

The design of boron‐based molecular rotors stems from boron‐carbon binary clusters containing multiple planar hypercoordinate carbons (phCs, such as C2B8). However, the design of boron‐coordinated phCs is challenging due to boron's tendency to occupy hypercoordinate centers more than carbon. Although this challenge has been addressed, the designed clusters of interest have not exhibited dynamic fluxionality similar to that of the initial C2B8. To address this issue, we report a σ/π doubly aromatic CB2H5+ cluster, the first global minimum containing a boron‐coordinated planar tetracoordinate carbon atom with dynamic fluxionality. Dynamics simulations show that two ligand H atoms exhibit alternate rotation, resulting in an intriguing dynamic fluxionality in this cluster. Electronic structure analysis reveals the flexible bonding positions of the ligand H atoms because they do not participate in π delocalized bonding nor bond to any other non‐carbon atom, highlighting this rotational fluxionality. Unprecedentedly, the fluxional process involves not only the usual conversion of the number of bonding atoms, but also the type of bonding (3c π bonds ↔4c σ bonds), which is an uncommon fluxional mechanism. The cluster represents an effort to apply phC species to molecular machines.
Towards Sustainable and Fire‐Safe Thermosets Using Phosphorus‐Containing Covalent Adaptable Networks
Authors: Gu Song , Zhao Jia‐Xin , Wang Yu‐Zhong , Chen Li
Published: July 2024

Dynamic covalent chemistry is a promising strategy for developing recyclable thermosets and their carbon fiber reinforced composites, in line with the goal of green and sustainable development. However, a significant challenge lies in balancing the dynamic reversibility and the desired service performances, such as thermal, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy. It has hindered the broader application of dynamic materials beyond the initial proof of concept. This concept provides an overview of the current state of research on phosphorus‐containing covalent adaptable networks (CANs), highlighting key designing and regulating principles for tailoring comprehensive properties including flame retardancy, mechanical and thermal properties, as well as dynamic behaviours such as malleability, reprocessability and degradability. Finally, new frontiers and opportunities in developing high‐performance sustainable CANs‐based thermosets and their carbon fiber composites for structural engineering applications are prospected.
Oiling‐Out in Industrial Crystallization of Organic Small Molecules: Mechanisms, Characterization, Regulation, and Applications
Authors: Zhou Shilei , Cen Zhenkai , Han Dandan , Zhang Bowen , Gong Junbo
Published: July 2024

Oiling‐out is a common phenomenon in industrial crystallization processes that not only prolongs the total operating time but also leads to undesirable crystal morphology, making it challenging to control crystallization paths. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the oiling‐out phenomenon in organic small molecule crystallization. First, the formation mechanisms of oiling‐out are summarized from both thermodynamic and dynamic perspectives, providing the theoretical foundation for understanding the phenomenon. Then, the universal characterization methods for studying the oiling‐out phenomenon of organic small molecules are introduced in detail, covering both offline and online analytical tools. Moreover, the regulation strategy for oiling‐out, including solvents, impurities, seeding, temperature, and mixing methods are discussed. This paper also focuses on the application of oiling‐out in co‐assembly and crystal shape modulation. Finally, future opportunities and challenges are presented to address the current shortcomings and application bottlenecks in the study of organic small molecule oiling‐out phenomena. This review aims to provide valuable insights and guidance for researchers working on the crystallization of organic small molecules, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry, to better understand, control, and utilize the oiling‐out phenomenon.
The Impact of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on Pattern of Antibiotic and Opioid Prescriptions by Dentists in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Immel Riley , Bohlouli Babak , Amin Maryam
Published: July 2024

Objectives

After the shutdown of most dental services during the COVID‐19 lockdown, the oral health community was concerned about an increase in prescribing opioids and antibiotics by dentists due to patients' limited access to dental offices. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on the pattern of antibiotic and opioid prescriptions by dentists in Alberta, Canada.

Methods

Data obtained from the Tracked Prescription Program were divided into antibiotics and opioids. Time periods were outlined as pre‐, during‐, and postlockdown (phase 1 and 2). For the number of prescriptions and average supply, each monthly average was compared to the corresponding prelockdown monthly average, using descriptive analysis. Time series analyses were conducted using regression analyses with an autoregressive error model. Data were trained and tested on monthly observations before lockdown and predicted for during‐ and postlockdown.

Results

A total of 1.1 million antibiotics and 400,000 opioids dispense were tracked. Decreases in the number of prescriptions during lockdown presented for antibiotics (n = 24,933 vs. 18,884) and opioids (n = 8892 vs. 6051). Average supplies (days) for the antibiotics (n = 7.10 vs. 7.55) and opioids (n = 3.92 vs. 4.05) were higher during the lockdown period. In the trend analyses, the monthly number of antibiotic and opioid prescriptions showed the same pattern and decreased during lockdown.

Conclusion

The COVID‐19 pandemic altered the trends of prescribing antibiotics and opioids by dentists. The full impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on the population's oral health in light of changes in prescribing practices by dentists during and after lockdown warrants further investigation.
Xenogeneic Collagen Matrix Versus Free Gingival Graft for Augmenting Peri‐Implant Keratinized Mucosa Around Dental Implants: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Atieh Momen A. , Shah Maanas , Hakam Abeer , Alshaali Suhailah , Kasouha Reem , Tawse‐Smith Andrew , Alsabeeha Nabeel H. M.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

There is a growing evidence to suggest augmenting peri‐implant keratinized mucosa in the presence of ≤ 2 mm of keratinized mucosa. However, the most appropriate surgical technique and augmentation materials have yet to be defined. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analyses was to evaluate the clinical and patient‐reported outcomes of augmenting keratinized mucosa around implants using free gingival graft (FGG) versus xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM) before commencing prosthetic implant treatment.

Material and Methods

Electronic databases were searched to identify observational studies comparing implant sites augmented with FGG to those augmented with XCM. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool.

Results

Six studies with 174 participants were included in the present review. Of these, 87 participants had FGG, whereas the remaining participants had XCM. At 6 months, sites augmented with FGG were associated with less changes in the gained width of peri‐implant keratinized mucosa compared to those augmented with XCM (mean difference 1.06; 95% confidence interval −0.01 to 2.13; p = 0.05). The difference, however, was marginally significant. The difference between the two groups in changes in thickness of peri‐implant keratinized mucosa at 6 months was statistically significantly in favor of FGG. On the other hand, XCM had significantly shorter surgical time, lower postoperative pain score, and higher color match compared to FGG.

Conclusions

Within the limitation of this review, the augmentation of keratinized mucosa using FGG before the placement of the final prosthesis may have short‐term positive effects on soft tissue thickness. XCM might be considered in aesthetically demanding implant sites and where patient comfort or shorter surgical time is a priority. The evidence support, however, is of low to moderate certainty; therefore, further studies are needed to support the findings of the present review.
Multiple Heteroatom Doped Nanoporous Biocarbon for Supercapacitor and Zinc‐ion Capacitor
Authors: Bahadur Rohan , Wijerathne Binodhya , Vinu Ajayan
Published: July 2024

The use of nanoporous carbon for energy storage has seen a significant rise due to its exciting properties such as high surface area, hierarchical porosity and exceptional electrochemical properties. These unique advantages of exceptional surface and electrochemical properties of these porous carbon nanostructures can be coupled with the individual doping of heteroatoms such as S, N, O, and B for achieving high energy storage capacity and stability. Herein, we integrated the synthesis of carbon nitride (CN) and borocarbonitride (BCN) with solid state activation for introducing multiple heteroatoms (B, N, O, and S) onto the nanoporous carbon frameworks. The produced materials exhibit abundance of micro and mesoporosity, a high surface area of 2909 m2 g−1, and a pore volume of 0.87 cm3 g−1. Also, it offers an exceptional capacitance of 233.5 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 with 3 M KOH as electrolyte. Further, the optimised material was explored as cathode in zinc ion capacitor which delivers an energy and power density of 50.4 Wh kg−1 and 400 W kg−1 respectively in addition to high cyclability. Studies on the formation of the intermediate phases during charging/discharging of the cell through ex situ characterization result in some useful insights into the stability of ZIC.
Revealing the Limitation Induced by Hydroxyl in Regulating Solvation Structure of Zn2+ and Overcoming Challenges with Hybrid Additives towards Highly Stable Zinc Anodes
Authors: Li Fuxiang , Yang Jilin , Wang Minghui , Feng Xiang , Li Mingyan , Zheng Hong , Ding Shujiang , Xu Xin
Published: July 2024

In the field of electrolyte design for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs), additives containing hydroxyl have been demonstrated to effectively modulate the solvation structure of Zn2+. However, reported studies typically focus solely on the effectiveness of hydroxyl while neglecting the issues that emerge during solvation structure regulation. The strong electron‐attracting capability of Zn2+ attracts electrons from the oxygen in hydroxyl, thereby weakening the strength of hydroxyl, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is also pronounced. This work innovatively reveals the limitation of hydroxyl‐containing additives and proposes a synergistic regulation strategy based on hybrid additives. Arginine with a high isoelectric point is introduced into the electrolyte system containing hydroxyl additives. The protonation effect and electrostatic attraction of arginine enable it to absorb protons at the anode released by the weakened hydroxyl, thereby compensating for the limitation of hydroxyl additives. Under the synergistic action of hybrid additives, the Zn|Zn battery achieved stable deposition/stripping for over 1200 hours under 10 mA cm−2 and 10 mAh cm−2. Moreover, the Zn|Cu battery cycled for over 570 hours with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.82 %. This study presents a pioneering perspective for the further application of AZIBs.
Cytological diagnosis of lymphoepithelial carcinoma: Simple yet confusing
Authors: Gupta Shruti , Singh Avinash Chandra , Agarwal Tanya , Kumari Niraj , Rajwanshi Arvind
Published: July 2024

Lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) of salivary glands are rare tumours and present as gradually progressing painless masses. LECs have good prognosis and accurate differentiation from secondary tumours and nasopharyngeal carcinoma is essential to dictate management. We present a case of an elderly male presenting with a parotid swelling diagnosed as LEC on fine needle aspiration cytology and confirmed on histopathology and immunohistochemistry.
The regressive surface of marine erosion generated by tides: A case study from a Pleistocene tidal sand ridge sequence, Calabria, Southern Italy
Authors: Longhitano Sergio G. , Miocic Johannes M.
Published: July 2024

The regressive surface of marine erosion is a key stratigraphic discontinuity used to identify episodes of forced regression in marine strata. Typically, it marks the base of shallow‐marine (e.g. shoreface and deltaic) deposits eroding over relatively deeper‐water (e.g. shelf and prodelta) lithofacies. While well‐documented in marginal‐marine areas, its occurrence in offshore or strait settings dominated by tidal currents is less understood. This study investigates lower Pleistocene outcrops in the Plio‐Quaternary Siderno Basin, Calabria, southern Italy, where tidal sand ridges developed in a Mediterranean strait. High‐resolution drone images reveal a basinward‐dipping basal surface marking the onset of tidally dominated sedimentation. This discontinuity separates underlying shelf fines from overlying cross‐stratified, tidal bioclastic/siliciclastic arenites, indicating a prolonged period of marine regression in a strait setting. The stratal architecture of the ridges shows cross‐strata aggradation in up‐dip sections, transitioning down‐dip into balanced aggrading/prograding strata, and further basinward into markedly prograding deposits. These features are interpreted to reflect an initial phase of normal regression, evolving into forced regression. This latter stage is characterised by a progressive deepening of the basal discontinuity, causing more erosional effects on the underlying beds, with a vertical basinward fall of about 60 m over 2 km. Internal foreset geometry (two‐dimensional vs. three‐dimensional cross strata) and their vertical and lateral repetition indicate stages of equilibrium and disequilibrium for tidal bedforms, reflecting varying current speeds and water depth changes. The regressive surface of marine erosion here is formed by tidal currents, rather than waves, suggesting a new type of sequence stratigraphic discontinuity associated with tide‐dominated settings.
The Modeled Cost‐Effectiveness of a Prevention Program Targeting Both Eating Disorders and High BMI
Authors: Le Long Khanh‐Dao , Tan Eng Joo , Hay Phillipa , Ananthapavan Jaithri , Lee Yong Yi , Mihalopoulos Cathrine
Published: July 2024

Objective

Prevention programs for eating disorders (EDs) and high body index mass (BMI) have the potential to reduce the onset of these interconnected public health concerns. However, it remains unclear whether routine implementation of such programs would be cost‐effective. This study aims to determine the cost‐effectiveness of an intervention that aims to prevent both ED and high BMI.

Method

A Markov model was developed to evaluate the incremental cost‐effectiveness of a targeted school‐based program, Healthy Weight, that aims to prevent both EDs and high BMI among Australian adolescents with body image concerns (aged 15–18 years), versus a “no intervention” comparator. A cost‐utility analysis was conducted from a “healthcare and education” sector perspective with costs (measured in 2019 Australian dollars) and health impacts modeled over the lifetime of the target population. An incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER), expressed as cost per health‐adjusted life year (HALY) gained, was calculated. Sensitivity analyses were done to test model assumptions.

Results

The mean intervention cost and HALYs gained were AUD$2.13 million (95% CI, AUD$1.83–2.43 million) and 146 (95% CI, 90–209), respectively. With healthcare cost‐savings (AUD$3.97 million) included, the intervention was predicted to be cost‐saving (AUD$1.83 million; 95% CI, AUD$0.51–3.21 million). Primary findings were robust to extensive sensitivity analyses.

Discussion

The Healthy Weight intervention is likely to represent good value‐for‐money. To ensure the successful implementation of this program at the population level, further research on its feasibility and acceptability among schools and the wider community is required.
New record of strawberry leopard (Panthera pardus) in Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania
Authors: Searle Charlotte E. , Strampelli Paolo , Parsais Singira N. , Haule Leonard J. , Olesyapa Kandey K. , Salum Nasri D. , Hape Germanus , Elisa Manase , Mathayo Daniel , Kaduma Joseph , Malulu Neema , Mkaka Nyasatu , Robert Justine , Ikanda Dennis , Mtoka Samuel , Doody Kathryn , Lobora Alex L. , Dickman Amy J.
Published: July 2024

Strawberry or red leopards are a rare colour morph of leopard (Panthera pardus) characterised by spot markings that are red or brown instead of black, thought to be a result of a mutation in the tyrosinase‐related protein (TYRP1) gene. We report the first record of this phenotype on the African continent outside of South Africa, from Selous Game Reserve in southern Tanzania. One female leopard with strawberry colouration was documented out of 373 individual leopards (0.3%) identified through camera trap surveys conducted from 2020 to 2022 over a combined area of more than 4600 km2 in the Nyerere‐Selous landscape.
Foveapeltis gen. nov., an unusual cleroid genus with large hypomeral cavities from mid‐Cretaceous amber (Coleoptera: Cleroidea)
Authors: Li Yan‐Da , Kolibáč Jiří , Liu Zhen‐Hua , Ślipiński Adam , Yamamoto Shûhei , Yu Ya‐Li , Zhang Wei‐Ting , Cai Chen‐Yang
Published: July 2024

Beetles have a remote evolutionary history dating back to the Carboniferous, with Mesozoic fossils playing a pivotal role in elucidating the early evolution of extant families. Despite their exceptional preservation in amber, deciphering the systematic positions of Mesozoic trogossitid‐like beetles remains challenging. Here, we describe and illustrate a new trogossitid‐like lineage from mid‐Cretaceous Kachin amber, Foveapeltis rutai Li, Kolibáč, Liu & Cai, gen. et sp. nov. Foveapeltis stands out within the Cleroidea due to the presence of a significant large cavity on each hypomeron. While the exact phylogenetic placement of Foveapeltis remains uncertain, we offer a discussion on its potential affinity based on our constrained phylogenetic analyses.
Parallel evolution of integrated craniofacial traits in trophic specialist pupfishes
Authors: St. John Michelle E. , Dunker Julia C. , Richards Emilie J. , Romero Stephanie , Martin Christopher H.
Published: July 2024

Populations may adapt to similar environments via parallel or non‐parallel genetic changes, but the frequency of these alternative mechanisms and underlying contributing factors are still poorly understood outside model systems. We used QTL mapping to investigate the genetic basis of highly divergent craniofacial traits between the scale‐eater (Cyprinodon desquamator) and molluscivore (C. brontotheroides) pupfish adapting to two different hypersaline lake environments on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. We lab‐reared F2 scale‐eater x molluscivore intercrosses from two different lake populations, estimated linkage maps, scanned for significant QTL for 29 skeletal and craniofacial traits, female mate preference, and sex. We compared the location of QTL between lakes to quantify parallel and non‐parallel genetic changes. We detected significant QTL for six craniofacial traits in at least one lake. However, nearly all shared QTL loci were associated with a different craniofacial trait within each lake. Therefore, our estimate of parallel evolution of craniofacial genetic architecture could range from one out of six identical trait QTL (low parallelism) to five out of six integrated trait QTL (high parallelism). We suggest that pleiotropy and trait integration can affect estimates of parallel evolution, particularly within rapid radiations. We also observed increased adaptive introgression in shared QTL regions, suggesting that gene flow contributed to parallel evolution. Overall, our results suggest that the same genomic regions may contribute to parallel adaptation across integrated suites of craniofacial traits, rather than specific traits, and highlight the need for a more expansive definition of parallel evolution.
Genetic Variants in the Fat Mass and Obesity‐Associated Gene and Risk of Obesity/Overweight in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Eghbali Maryam , Mottaghi Azadeh , Taghizadeh Sara , Cheraghi Sara
Published: July 2024

Objective

The variations in the single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the fat mass and obesity (FTO)‐associated gene have been linked to being overweight or obese in children. In this research a thorough examination was performed to elucidate the connection between various FTO gene SNPs and overweight or obesity in children and adolescents.

Method

We searched PubMed, Google scholar, Web of Science and Scopus until January 2024 to find studies that investigate the association between different SNPs of FTO gene and the risk of overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. After filtering the relevant studies, meta‐analysis was used to quantify the association of FTO gene SNPs within different genetic inheritance models.

Results

We have identified 32 eligible studies with 14,930 obese/overweight cases and 24,765 healthy controls. Our recessive model showed a significant association with rs9939609 (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.20; 2.02,p < 0.01) and rs1421085 (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.14; 2.75,p < 0.01). Besides, in the homozygote model, rs1421085 showed the highest association (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.38; 3.89,p < 0.01) with the risk of obesity in a population of children and adolescents. Moreover, there are other SNPs of FTO genes, such as rs9921255, rs9928094 and rs9930333, which showed a positive association with obesity and overweight. However, their effects were evaluated in very few numbers of studies.

Conclusion

In this study, we have found that the FTO rs9939609 and rs1421085 are associated to an increased risk of obesity among children and adolescents. Besides, the findings of this study further reaffirmed the established link between rs9939609 and obesity in children and adolescents.
α‐Ketoglutarate plays an inflammatory inhibitory role by regulating scavenger receptor class a expression through N6‐methyladenine methylation during sepsis
Authors: Liang Gang , Hu Jia‐Yan , Liu Rou‐Jun , Chao Yu‐Peng , Hu Yi‐Fan , Zheng Hong , Pan Xin‐Yu , Li Yuan‐Jing , Gong Yang‐Hui , Lin Chi , Lin Jia‐Hao , Wang Jia‐Dong , Li Tong‐Xin , Pan Jian‐Ping , Guo Dong‐Yang
Published: July 2024

Sepsis arises from an uncontrolled inflammatory response triggered by infection or stress, accompanied by alteration in cellular energy metabolism, and a strong correlation exists between these factors. Alpha‐ketoglutarate (α‐KG), an intermediate product of the TCA cycle, has the potential to modulate the inflammatory response and is considered a crucial link between energy metabolism and inflammation. The scavenger receptor (SR‐A5), a significant pattern recognition receptor, assumes a vital function in anti‐inflammatory reactions. In the current investigation, we have successfully illustrated the ability of α‐KG to mitigate inflammatory factors in the serum of septic mice and ameliorate tissue damage. Additionally, α‐KG has been shown to modulate metabolic reprogramming and macrophage polarization. Moreover, our findings indicate that the regulatory influence of α‐KG on sepsis is mediated through SR‐A5. We also elucidated the mechanism by which α‐KG regulates SR‐A5 expression and found that α‐KG reduced the N6‐methyladenosine level of macrophages by up‐regulating the m6A demethylase ALKBH5. α‐KG plays a crucial role in inhibiting inflammation by regulating SR‐A5 expression through m6A demethylation during sepsis. The outcomes of this research provide valuable insights into the relationship between energy metabolism and inflammation regulation, as well as the underlying molecular regulatory mechanism.
Disrupting Substance Use Disorder: The Chemistry of Iboga Alkaloids
Authors: Hughes Alexander J. , Hamelink Charles R. , Townsend Steven D.
Published: July 2024

The iboga alkaloids are a family of monoterpene indole alkaloids first discovered from the root of Tabernanthe iboga. The major alkaloid constituent in the root, ibogaine, has garnered interest for its anti‐addictive properties. Ibogaine has been shown to reduce opiate, amphetamine, alcohol, and nicotine self‐administration in rodents. However, ibogaine itself is less than optimal as a treatment in humans for Substance Abuse Disorder (SUD) due to its cardiotoxicity and hallucinogenic potential. Instead, ibogaine is an attractive lead for drug discovery efforts. Indeed, several notable programs have been launched to both elucidate ibogaine's mechanism of action and reduce its toxicity. While there have been over 20 total syntheses of ibogamine, ibogaine, and closely related family members, there are far fewer syntheses of recently isolated iboga alkaloids. In this targeted review, we discuss the synthetic strategies applied to the synthesis of classical and non‐classical iboga alkaloids.