bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the state of mineral metabolism in patients with tooth loss during dental implantation against the background of vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Diachkova E. Yu. , Skachkova M. M. , Tarasenko S. V. , Zharova K. Yu. , Kytko E. N.
Published: January 2025

Background. The widespread occurrence of mineral metabolism disorders in the modern world, including those due to vitamin D deficiency, affects the results of patient rehabilitation performed by dental surgeons using dental implants.

   The aim of the study was to assess the state of mineral metabolism during dental implantation in young and middle-aged patients with tooth loss due to vitamin D deficiency.

   Materials and methods. From 2011 to 2024, 450 patients aged 25–50 years with tooth loss due to identified vitamin D deficiency in the absence of other somatic pathology were examined and treated at Sechenov University and a private clinic. All patients underwent laboratory examination, including assessment of mineral metabolism indicators – the level of total calcium, vitamin D (25 (OH) D), parathyroid hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone. Also, 30 randomly selected patients underwent assessment of osteogenesis markers (bone matrix formation marker P1NP, serum cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen CTX). Patients were referred to an endocrinologist due to detected vitamin D deficiency, therapy was prescribed. All patients underwent dental implantation and concomitant surgeries to increase bone volume, if necessary, considering the study group: in group 1 – until reference values of vitamin D were achieved, in group 2 – after. Comparison of parameters before and after drug therapy was performed using Student’s T-test or Mann-Whitney, the results were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.

   Results. In the examined sample, 2.1 % of patients had a pronounced deficiency of (25(OH)D) (< 10 ng/ml), 60.4 % had a deficiency (< 20 ng/ml), and 37.5 % had insufficiency (20–30 ng/ml), with the initial level of vitamin D in both study groups not statistically different (< 20 ng/ml, p < 0.05). After the treatment, the level of (25(OH)D) in all patients reached the reference values (30–60 ng/ml, p < 0.05) also without statistically significant difference when compared by groups (median 1 = 42.75 and median 2 = 43.65, respectively, p > 0.05), but was significantly higher when assessed dynamically within eachgroup (p < 0.05). No deviations from reference values for osteogenesis markers were found over time, although a statistically significant slight decrease in both parameters within the normal range was noted after treatment compared to the initial level (p < 0.05).

   Conclusion. In young and middle-aged patients with tooth loss due to vitamin D deficiency, no significant changes in laboratory parameters (blood calcium levels, parathyroid hormone, and osteogenesis markers over time) were found during dental implantation and concomitant surgeries.
Modern state of the problem of liposomal complex laser phoresis in the treatment of patients with peri-implantitis
Authors: Potrivailo A. K. , Prikuls V. F. , Prikule D. V.
Published: January 2025

Peri-implantitis is a common problem, leading to tissue destruction and implant loss. The method of treatment for peri-implantitis should be selected depending on the extent of the disease. The diverse physicochemical and targeting properties of nanodelivery systems provide a favorable platform for drug delivery for the treatment of peri-implantitis. The review presented herein analyzes domestic and foreign literature devoted to the issues of possibility and problems of application of laser phoresis and liposomal complex in the treatment of peri-implantitis patients. The analysis and systematization of available modern data on the application of laser technologies and liposomal complexes in periodontal treatment is carried out. The absence of clinical researches on this subject with the minimal level of studying the use of this technique in the treatment of periodontal pathologies is established, which determines the relevance of further researches in this direction in order to provide more effective rendering of dental implantation services.
Mathematical modeling of occlusion load on a screw-retained bridge prosthesis on straight universal conical and flat abutments
Authors: Karayev R. K. , Guseynov N. A. , Saperova N. R. , Belova N. M.
Published: January 2025

In this mathematical experiment, a comparative study of microdeformations and von Mises equivalent stresses arising in the elements of two orthopedic bridge structures with different abutment shapes was conducted using the finite element method. The strength limits of both structures were also compared. The structures under study had the same external geometry and corresponded to two premolars and the first molar. The difference between the models under study was in the superstructures that are inserted and fixed in the implants and serve as a support for artificial crowns. The first model used flat superstructures (or flat abutments), while the second model used conical superstructures (or universal multi-units). The data obtained indicate the clinical significance of choosing the optimal abutment shape when planning surgical interventions and predicting subsequent patient treatment results.
Priority areas for the formation of specialized care for children with congenital cleft of the maxillofacial region, complicated by anomalies of other organs and systems
Authors: Rogozhina Yu. S. , Blokhina S. I. , Bimbas E. S.
Published: January 2025

Topicality. The specialized literature does not sufficiently present the systematization of concomitant malformations additional to congenital cleft of the maxillofacial region, the frequency of their occurrence and the species correlativity of relationships. There is no program for concretizing the interaction of specialists in different fields that ensure the unity of the processes of diagnosis and rehabilitation of patients with complex disorders of embryogenesis.

   Purpose. To present the main directions of specialized care for children with congenital cleft of the maxillofacial region in combination with malformations of other organs and systems.

   Materials and methods. A group of patients (823 people) who received treatment at the Center «Bonum» (Yekaterinburg) for a period of 25 years (1998–2022) with cleft maxillofacial region and concomitant malformations was studied. In the course of the study, the data of malformations were systematized, and correlations between congenital concomitant defects were identified. Clinical and special methods of patient examination were used in the study.

   Results. An innovative methodology for systematic monitoring and treatment of patients with maxillofacial cleft in combination with concomitant malformations has been developed based on a staged algorithm of therapeutic and corrective interactions of rehabilitation specialists of various profiles. The optimal tactics of the interacting advantages of the treatment process of concomitant congenital malformations are presented, taking into account the sequence of rehabilitation measures, the volume and duration of surgical elimination of the cleft against the background of concomitantanomalies.

   Conclusions. The proposed methodological algorithm for the dynamic observation of 823 patients with cleft of the maxillofacial region, complicated by malformations of other organs and systems, has absorbed the fundamental directions of therapeutic and corrective interactions of specialists in various fields, concentrating knowledge and experience on this issue for a period of 25 years (1998–2022) and made it possible to minimize postoperative complications (the indicator of residual deformities of the upper lip and nose after the primary cheilorhinoplasty amounted to 16,16 %, and after velourinoplasty – 2,46 %), to successfully complete (in 73,63 % of cases) the main stages of surgical treatment of the maxillofacial region, as well as the main processes of restoring the health of this group of patients in accordance with the age periods of rehabilitation.
The role of biotribocorrosion in the development and progression of clinical manifestations of pseudomembranous candidiasis
Authors: Tsalikova N. A. , Mamedova G. F. , Ashrapova L. R.
Published: January 2025

Objective. To establish the effect of biotribocorrosion on the development and chronic course of pseudomembranous candidiasis.

   Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry and Gnatology and at the Department of Propaedeutics of Orthopedic Dentistry of the Russian University of Medicine. The study involved 80 patients with pseudomembranous candidiasis using metal dentures and 40 patients with pseudomembranous candidiasis without metal-containing structures, who made up the control group. All participants in the study measured the difference in oral biopotentials, hydrogen index, and salivation rate.

   Results. In patients of the main group, the content of Fe, Cr, Ni, Ti, Si, K, Na in saliva was significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared with the control group. It was found that dissimilar metal alloys have different effects on the duration of use of dentures. In pseudomembranous candidiasis and the presence of metal-containing structures with signs of biotribocorrosion, a more pronounced electrochemical reaction of stainless steel coated with titanium nitride and uncoated significantly reduces the life of dentures (from 3 to 5 years), compared with CCC metal-ceramic prostheses (from 2 to 10 years) and Ni-Cr-Ni-Cr (from 5 to 8 years old). The greatest pH shift to the acidic side is observed with a combination of stainless steel and Ni-Cr prostheses (pH 5.5–6.0). In pseudomembranous candidiasis, patients using metal dentures have the highest potential differences between M-M.

   Conclusions. Due to tribocorrosion, corrosion products enter the oral fluid, under their influence, a decrease in pH occurs, provoking a weakening of the protective properties of saliva, a violation of metabolic processes and structural changes in the oral mucosa. Thus, there is a favorable environment for the growth of fungi of the genus Candida, inflammation of the oral mucosa occurs. Microbial flora and fungi that stimulate the development of the inflammatory process are localized in inflammatory areas.
Comparison of transparency indicators of domestic samples of dental multilayer ceramics based on zirconium dioxide with indicators of a foreign analogue under different sintering modes
Authors: Nenasheva E. A. , Bykova M. V. , Guk N. O. , Nazaryan R. G. , Lebedenko I. Y.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. New dental materials made of zirconium dioxide include 3Y-TSP and 5Y-TSP, suitable for various clinical cases, including multilayer systems that create a transparency gradient. After milling, the pre-sintered Y-TZP frames must be subjected to final sintering in 8–10 hours, although modern technologies can reduce it to 17 minutes. However, high-speed sintering can degrade the color and transparency of finished prostheses. The new monolithic ceramic systems have increased the Y3+ content to about 4 and 5 ml. %, but the indicators of layered transparency of multilayer samples after high-speed sintering remain insufficiently studied.

   The purpose of the work. The study of layered transparency after traditional and high-speed sintering of domestic multilayer ceramics made of zirconium dioxide and its imported analog using a laboratoryspectrophotometer.

   Materials and methods. Groups of 12 samples were studied: the main one (domestic production of «Ziceram ML ET») and the control one (Chinese production of «Aidite 3D Pro»), divided into subgroups «a» (traditional sintering) and «b» (high-speed sintering). The size of all samples is 15×15×1 mm, colors A1–A3, milled by removing plates from a single layer. Subgroups «a» were fired according to traditional modes with an exposure time of 30–120 minutes. Subgroup «b» was baked in a high-speed furnace in 25 minutes. Transparency was assessed using an X-Rite Ci4200 spectrophotometer using the CIE Lab* system, calculating the ratio of the «L» luminance indicators on a white and black background.

   Conclusions. The lightness of the layers of multilayer ceramic blanks «Ziceram ML ET» and «Aidite 3D Pro» is significantly reduced after high-speed sintering compared to traditional firing. The transparency gradients of Russian and Chinese multilayer ceramics differ, with significant changes after high-speed sintering.
Standardization and evaluation of physico chemical properties of jackfruit based bio-yoghurts
Authors: PR Remya , CL Sharon , Molu K Rammya
Published: January 2025

Jackfruit, the state fruit of Kerala, is often regarded as a wonder fruit due to its nutrient profile, nutraceutical and health benefits and the immense scope for value addition. However, it is mostly underutilized due to lack of knowledge and technical facilities. It can be better utilised, if consumer acceptable, simple as well as nutritious products are prepared out of the fruit. The growing demand for “healthy food” is stimulating the innovation and development of new products nationally and internationally. Yoghurt, a milk based product, is a simple, healthy and nutritious food which offers high amounts of protein, carbohydrates and fat. The added value of yoghurt over milk lies on the presence of beneficial bacteria as well as certain bioactive components. The study was aimed at developing jackfruit based bio-yoghurts and to evaluate its physico- chemical properties. Lactobacillus acidophilus was used as the probiotic organism in this study. Hence, in this study, yoghurts were prepared by incorporating varying proportions of blanched jackfruit pulp (10%, 20% and30%) along with equal volumes of homogenized milk. Both koozha and varikka variety of jackfruits were used for the preparation of bio-yoghurts. The jackfruit bulbs were steam blanched for five minutes and pulped to prepare the bio-yoghurt. Plain yoghurt served as the control. The prepared bio-yoghurts were organoleptically evaluated using a 9 point hedonic scale with a panel of 15 judges. The selection of best sample was done on the basis of Kendall’s coefficient of concordance. Among the fruit based bio-yoghurts, the yoghurt with 30% jackfruit pulp scored maximum for the sensory attributes. Physico-chemical parameters like syneris is, water holding capacity, curd tension, viscosity, pH, moisture, fat and protein of the bio-yoghurts were determined.
Aflatoxin M1 and shelf-life analysis of goat and cow milk samples
Authors: . Jyoti , Ashish Singh Namita
Published: January 2025

Due to its medicinal benefits in mouth ulcers, dengue fever, etc. raw goat milk is widely used but ingestion of raw goatmilk may have severe side effects. Aflatoxin M1 is produced by Aspergillus species and under long-term exposure, these are mutagenic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic. This study examined the shelf life of raw goat and cow milk at different storage temperatures (including ambient temperature, 5°C, and -19°C),via analysis of microbiological quality by standard plate count method. Incidence of aflatoxin M1 was also studied in raw goat and cow milk samples by lateral flow system. Cow milk showed as helf life of 12 days while goat milk had up to 48 days at 5°C. The total plate count, coliform count, and spore count of goat milk was reported 5.89 log cfu/mL, 2.80 log cfu/ml, and 2.3 log cfu/mlin 75 days of storage while in cow milk samples it was 7.93 logcfu/ml, 5.64 log cfu/ml and 3.6 log cfu/ml, respectively in 45 day sat -19°C. All the goat milk samples were found negligible for Aflatoxin M1 while cow milk samples showed a 40% incidence at0.5 ppb. Our study showed that the quality of goat milk is commendable compared to cow milk in terms of aflatoxin M1 and bacterial count but due to less production and other factors goatmilk is not widely used at the commercial level.
Development of convolutional neural network models for evaluation of body condition scores of Holstein Friesian crossbred cows
Authors: . Shriramulu , Pushpadass Heartwin A , Franklin Magdaline Eljeeva Emerald , Kanagaraj Manimala , Sakthivel Jeyakumar , Kataktalware ,Mukund A. , Muniandy Sivaram , Kerekoppa Ramesha P.
Published: January 2025

Body condition scoring (BCS) is an efficient tool to monitor the nutritional status of cows by subjective assessment of the amount of fat or stored energy in them. This method of scoring is cumbersome, laborious and inefficient because it takes more time to score due to increasing number of animals in modern dairy farms, besides involving high cost. Therefore, this study proposed a system based on convolutional neural network (CNN)models to automate BCS of cows by image analysis. The digitally-captured images were processed using GIMP software to subtract the background from the captured images of cows. The background-subtracted images were used to detect the edges and contours using fuzzy logic edge detection method in Matlab software. Finally, the images with body contours and edges were employed as input dataset for the development of CNN models. The image dataset was classified into two groups based on the incremental BCS system of 0.25 (CNN model 1) and 0.5 (CNN model 2). The classification accuracy of the first model for 0.25and 0.50 error ranges was 61.41% and 80.31%, respectively. Similarly, the second model achieved classification accuracy of81.45% and 93.54%, for the same error ranges. The CNN model 2was relatively better as compared to the first model owing to the wider BCS range of classification.
Time series analysis and ARIMA models for milk yield data
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Kumar Vinod
Published: January 2025

The present study is concerned with the time series analysis of milk yield data collected from Instructional Dairy Farm(IDF), Pantnagar, India. ARIMA models have been constructed for milk yields of Crossbred and Sahiwal cows and Murrah buffaloes. It is found that ARIMA models (0,1,1) (1,1,1)12 for Crossbred cows, (1,1,0) (0,1,1)12 for Sahiwal cows and (0,1,1)(2,1,0)12 for buffaloes are more appropriate for predicting milk production.
Stereospecific distribution pattern of fatty acids in triglycerides: A comparative review of human, bovine, bubaline, caprine, and equine milk fat
Authors:   Pavel Rout, Vivek Sharma() and Sumit Arora
Published: January 2025

Major lipid fraction of milk fat is triacylglycerol (TAG)representing about 98% of total lipids. TAG contains a glycerol backbone and three fatty acids. These three fatty acids are positioned at sn-1, sn-2 & sn-3 position in glycerol backbone and the positioning is called as stereospecific positioning. This stereospecific positioning mainly effects the lipid metabolism of dietary lipids. During the digestion of TAG in human beings, lipase preferably attacks the TAG at sn-1 or sn-3 positions resulting in the release of free fatty acids along with sn-2monoacylglycerol. It has been reported that saturated fatty acids are mainly esterified in sn-2 position whereas unsaturated fatty acids are esterified in sn-1 and 3 positions. The fatty acid distribution among the three sn-positions of the glycerol backbone is non-random. The non-random distribution is a result of the specificity of different enzymes during TAG bio synthesis. The distribution of fatty acids depends upon species, feed, season and lactation period. The stereospecific arrangement of fatty acids in fat also influences some physical properties of fats and oils like crystallization and melting properties. The stereospecific arrangement of milk fat is generally studied by using different lipases along with separation techniques and finally chromatography or spectroscopy. Understanding these aspects can aid in identifying the origin of the fat, detecting potential adulteration of different other species of milk, and predicting nutritional value of different species’ milk based on differences in the form of sn-2-MAG and free fatty acids.
The effect of Ruscus Hyracanus extract on physicochemical, microbial and organoleptic properties of kefir
Authors: Sadeghi Mahsa Amir , Sedaghati Marjaneh , Emtyazjoo Mozhgan
Published: January 2025

Kefir is a traditional functional fermented drink with acidic-alcoholic properties. In this study, the effect of Ruscus hyracanus extract (0, 0.25%, and 0.5%)on the physicochemical, microbial, and sensory properties of kefir during 20 days of storage was evaluated. Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AO) were evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) techniques. The results revealed that the stability and viscosity of kefir samples containing Ruscus hyracanus extract were higher than controlsamples. Increasing the amounts of Ruscus hyracanus extract had a significant effect on the TPC, AO, and lactic acid (LAB)numbers of enriched kefir (P<0.05). The presence of Ruscus hyracanus extract had a significant effect on the L* values of kefir (P<0.05). In general, a kefir sample containing 0.5% Ruscus hyracanus extract was more acceptable in comparison with the other samples on the 20th day of storage.
Process optimization for the manufacturing of flax seed powder enriched Kalakand
Authors: Kumar Hemant , Hooda Ankita , Vikranta Urvashi , Rai Himanshu
Published: January 2025

Kalakand is made traditionally, with no concern for the quality of the raw materials as well as no functional properties. This product is consumed by a large sector of population, hence enriching it with flaxseed could impart many functional properties. Flaxseed is well-known for its nutritional benefits. It is recognized for its high quantities of alpha-linolenic acid, lignan, a phytoestrogen molecule, and soluble as well as insoluble fibre. Jaggery includes 60-85% sucrose, 5- 15% glucose and fructose,0.4 % protein, 0.1 g fat, 0.6 to 1.0 g minerals (8 mg calcium, 4 mg phosphorus, and 11.4 mg iron), traces of vitamins and amino acids, and around 383 Kcal of energy per 100 g of jaggery. Flaxseed is a functional food and generally help in treatment of numerous diseases. In terms of sensory qualities compared to the other treatments, T1 (with 1% flaxseed powder) was observed to have the required quality. The results show that enriched Kalakand was analyzed to have decreased moisture, carbohydrate, and pH while increased content of protein, fat, ash, total solids, acidity, and antioxidant activity as compared to the control. The heart and circulatory systems benefit from flaxseed in all forms. The another important component was jaggery, which is not only a natural sweetener but has been shown to reduce the risk of heart disease, cancer, control blood pressure, liver detoxification, cataracts, and many inflammatory changes, also.
Development and experimental performance of a cleaning-in-place system for three stage scraped surface heat exchanger
Authors: Bhagat Pooja N. , Barnwal P. , Deep Ankit , Gadwe Anup D. , Behare P.
Published: January 2025

Aim of present study was to develop an innovative Cleaning-in-place (CIP) system, having control system with instrumentation, for dairy process equipments. Its performance was evaluated for three-stage thin film scraped surface heat exchanger (TS-TFSSHE). CIP system consists of multi-partition tank, control system with instrumentation and fluid flow system. Experiments were conducted with three independent variables(scraper speed: 300, 225 and 150 RPM; solution temperature: 80,70 and 60°C; solution concentration: 2%, 1.375% and 0.75%)using response surface methodology. CIP performance responses were chemical rinsing duration, total CIP time, total plate count and coliform count. Optimized solution was obtained as 0.85%sodium-hydroxide concentration, 72.7°C CIP solution temperature and 150 RPM scraper speed. Validation of optimized solution showed that predicted response values were comparable with mean experimental values and found non-significant (p>0.05).This CIP system is movable (wheel mounted) and may be used for cleaning of other dairy process equipments at other places as well.
Preparation of synbiotic fermented milk and evaluation of short-chain fatty acids production during storage study
Authors: Makwana Mitali , Prajapati JB , V Sreeja , Hati Subrota
Published: January 2025

The fermented milk product was formulated using Lactobacillus cultures i.e., V3 and M5 with addition of corn-starch. 8% sugar level was selected for the preparation of fermented milks based on sensory attributes and overall acceptability. Optimized fermented milk (T) along with control where corn starch was replaced with skim milk powder (C) were analyzed for their proximate composition, short chain fatty acids(SCFAs) production as well as changes in physico-chemical and sensory properties during storage at refrigerated temperature(5±2ºC) up to 28 days. The pH of fermented milks C and T had significant (P<0.05) differences during 28 days of refrigerated storage and decreased from 4.35 to 3.85 and 3.93, respectively. Acidity (% LA) of fermented milks C and T significantly (P<0.05)increased to 1.22% from 0.78 and 0.76%, respectively during storage. Average viable counts (log CFU/ml) of fermented milk T was 9.57 log CFU/ml, which decreased to 7.36 log CFU/ml after 28days, which had no significant differences with C. All three short chain fatty acids (SCFA), acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid content (μg/mL) of fermented milks (C and T) significantly(P<0.05) increased during storage from 1.27 to 5.37 and from 4.17to 11.00μg/mL, 2.00 to 2.40 and from 2.52 to 3.64 μg/mL, 2.25 and4.72 from 2.11 and 3.18 μg/mL, respectively during storage. Treated fermented milks were acceptable up to 21 days under refrigeration temperature (5±2 ºC) and obtained higher sensory scores for all the attributes which decreased with elevated storage period.
Estrus intensity scoring and conception rate in postpartum anestrus buffaloes using estrus induction protocols
Authors: Mishra Renuka , Bajaj Nitin Kumar , Shukla Satya Nidhi , Dhurvey Madhuri , Bisen Abhishek , Maravi Pushpendra , Vishvakarma Shashank
Published: January 2025

The onset of cyclicity of oestrus cycle and initiation of ovulation during postpartum period in buffaloes constitute a major problem and results into long postpartum anestrus and delayed breeding with consequent serious economic losses in the milk production and efficient reproduction. Effective treatment of postpartum anestrus in buffaloes using estrus induction protocols can efficiently improve their milk productivity. The objective of this study was to compare the estrus intensity score and conception rate in postpartum anestrusbuffaloes using estrus induction protocols. Twenty four postpartum buffaloes (5-10 years age) reared under field conditions with the history of not showing signs of estrus for 60days or more postpartum were considered to be affected with anestrus. These buffaloes were examined per rectally twice at 10days apart to confirm ovarian activity and genital status. These animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (03 treatment and01 control group) and each group having 06 anestrus buffaloes. Group I, II and III were treated with CIDR plus Ovsynch, CIDR plus Cosynch and eCG plus Cosynch protocols, respectively, while the control group (Group IV) animals were not given any treatment. The mean weighted oestrus intensity score andconception rate for group I, II, III and IV were 71.33±3.04,67.66±3.04, 78.33±5.85, 65.00±5.00 and 50.00, 33.33, 66.67 and 33.33per cent, respectively. It can be concluded that addition of eCGto a GnRH and prostaglandin based protocol (eCG+Cosynch)substantially improved the estrus intensity and conception rates in postpartum anestrus buffaloes.
Physical and morphometric characteristics of unidentified cattle breed of northern Karnataka region of India
Authors: Mundinamani Vijaylaxmi I , Gouri Mahadevappa D. , Prasad C Kotresh , Patil Vivek M.
Published: January 2025

A study was undertaken to characterise the non-descript cattle of North Karnataka region. Raichur and Yadgir districts were randomly selected and divided into two blocks each and five villages were selected in each block. The morphological characteristics of male and female cattle of 0-3months, 3-6 months, 6-12 months, 1 to 3 years and >3 years age was recorded from totally 388 animals. The results indicated that these cattle were short in nature, docile in temperament with three colour variants viz., brown, black and white. These cattle are called Javari in their breeding tract. Horn of these cattle was directed upward, medium sized with horizontal ears. The average horn length, chest girth, body length and height at withers (cm)were 19.63±0.49, 142.81±0.88, 118.73±0.81 and 105.89±0.48 in adult cows respectively, whereas in adult bulls were 26.65±0.61,173.23±1.20, 142.15±1.08 and 118.05±0.56, respectively. These cattle were reared under semi intensive system, sent for grazing in the day time without any supplemental feeding and kept under Kutcha housing or in open space during night hours. Therefore it was evident from the current study, that these cattle were having unique characteristic features.
Influence of calf-mother interaction on performance and behaviour of Murrah buffalo calves during heat stress
Authors: Singh Nripendra Pratap , Kamboj M L , Kumar Nishant , Dutt Sunil
Published: January 2025

The primary objective of the research was to study how calf-mother contact and heat stress ameliorative measures would impact the behavior and growth of Murrah buffalo calves. The study was conducted from April to mid-September. A total of21 calf-mother Murrah buffalo pairs were selected at the time of birth and categorized into three groups (n=7 pairs). In the first group (T0), the calves and mothers were separated at birth, but they were allowed limited interaction twice-daily for suckling during milking times. In the second group (T1), the calves had continuous unrestricted contact with their mothers and were free to suckle colostrum for up to 5 days. Afterward, the calf-mother pairs were housed in adjacent enclosures separated by a fence line. The third group (T2) received the same provisions as the second group (T1), but in addition, the calf-mother pairs were provided with fans and foggers to alleviate heat stress. Statistical analysis involved comparing means using one-way ANOVA and univariate general linear models (GLM) both within and between the groups. Results showed that among the experimental calves, those ingroup T2 exhibited significantly higher (p<0.05) average daily gain (ADG) compared to those in groups T1 and T0 at weekly interval. Calves in group T2 spent significantly (p<0.05) more time resting, eating, and engaging in rumination compared to calves in groups T1 and T0. Both T2 and T1 calves demonstrated a significantly (p<0.05) lower frequency of abnormal behaviors than the T0 calves. The findings clearly demonstrates that provision of fence line mother-calf contact along with fan-fogger system in the shed reduces the stress and improves the growth, behaviour and welfare of calves than restricted contact calves.
Effect of non-genetic factors on production performance of Mehsana buffalo at organized farm
Authors: Dhakad Rimee , Chaudhary A. P. , Gupta J. P. , Tiwari Sadhana
Published: January 2025

The present investigation included the data of lactation records of 301 Mehsana buffaloes, spread over 30 years (1991-2020), collected from the records maintained at Livestock Research Station, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, District Banaskantha, Gujarat; to know the effects of non-genetic factors on the production performance of Mehsana buffaloes. The data about different performance traits was collected from the records of the farm and analysed to know the effects of non-genetic factors like- period of calving, season of calving, parity and age at first calving group on the performance traits. The overall LSM of 305-Days Milk Yield(DMY), Total Milk Yield (TMY) and Lactation length (LL) was observed 1714.75±27.30L (N=1171), 1765.55±28.61L (N=1186) and273.28 ± 3.66 days (N=1164), respectively. The effects of period of calving (P<0.05), season of calving (P<0.01) and parity (P0.01) had significant effects on 305-DMY, but TMY was affectedby period of calving, season of calving and AFC group (P0.01).Similarly, LL was significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the period of calving and the AFC group, but the season of calving and parity had a highly significant (P<0.01) effect on LL of Mehsana buffaloes. Therefore, based on these observations it was concluded that significant effect of non-genetic factors plays an important role in improving the production performance of the Mehsana buffalo herd, therefore emphasis must be given on nutrition, management and healthcare practices to improve the performance of the indigenous breed on the farm.
Economic analysis of costs and returns of milk production in Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Reddy Konda R , Sen Biswajit , Chaudhary Udita , Ravishankar Unni , Singh Ajmer
Published: January 2025

The present study was conducted in the Chittoor and East Godavari districts in the state of Andhra Pradesh to estimate the costs and returns of milk production to know the status of milk profitability among the farmer-producer households. The milk productivity in the study area was higher in crossbreed cows than the buffalo and indigenous cattle. The overall gross cost of milk production estimated at 264.40 per animal per day, which was higher in the crossbreed cows than the Buffaloes and Indigenous cattle. The variable costs account for the major proportion of the cost of milk production (88.87%) than the fixed cost. Within variable costs, feed and fodder expenses represent the largest portion, accounting for 71.89 percent of milk production costs, exceeding labour, veterinary as well as miscellaneous costs. The average milk production per animal was 7.23 litres per day, was highest in the crossbreed cows with10.37 litres per day than in buffalo (6.12 litres per day) and indigenous cattle (5.21 litres per day). The overall net returns per animal were highest in crossbreed cows with 83.14 per day than the buffalo ( 51.66 per day) and the indigenous cattle (15.66per day). The cost of milk production and net returns per litre was highest in the buffalo with 44.89 per litre and 8.37 per litre than the crossbreed cows and the indigenous cattle. Even though the overall returns from milk production were positive among all the farmer-producer households in the study area rearing of cross breed cows and buffalo was found to be profitable when compared with the indigenous cattle.
Elucidating the associations of polymorphism of growth hormone gene with milk production traits in Jamunapari goats of India
Authors: Prajapati BK , Singh KP , Rout PK , Roy R , Roy Ishani , Mandal Ajoy
Published: January 2025

Growth hormone (GH) gene can be utilized as a major gene because its polymorphisms have been associated to milk traits in various livestock species. The aim of this present study was to investigate the polymorphism in the exon 1, 3 and 5 of gGH (goat GH) gene and to evaluate the possible associations with milk traits in Jamunapari goat, maintained at the ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Uttar Pradesh, India.In this study, 100 primiparous lactating goats were randomlychosen, and their productive performances like 90-days, 140-days and total milk yield as well as milk compositional traits like fat %, SNF%, casein%, protein%, lactose% and ash % of three consecutive lactations were recorded. The exon 1, 3 and 5 of the gGH gene was PCR amplified and the resulting products wereanalyzed by Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP).Two conformational patterns (A and B) for each the GH exon 3and 5 were detected but no polymorphism existed in exon 1 ofgrowth hormone gene.The frequency of the patterns varied from41.4 to 58.6% in these two fragments. Association studies ofSSCPs patterns at GH gene with milk production and milkcomposition traits in Jamunapari breed showed that onlypolymorphic patterns at exon 3 were positively associated with milk production traits, i.e., with 90-days milk yield, 140-days milk yield and total milk yield of animals but there was no significanteffect on milk composition traits. Animals with pattern A/A for exon 3 were significantly superior milk producers (P<0.01) than animals having B/B pattern for 90-days, 140-days and total milk yield of animals, whereas GH conformation patterns (A and B)for exon 3 didn’t have any impact on milk compositions. Further, in case of exon 5, the milk yields and milk compositions of animals didn’t vary significantly between animals having different GH conformation patterns (A and B).These findings may be used for preserving genetic diversity of the population and may be useful for marker assisted selection in order to improve milk production of this breed.
Physicochemical quality of cow milk collected from different sources in Adewa,Central zone of Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Tadele Etsemeskel , Gebreananya Brhane
Published: January 2025

The study was conducted in Adewa, central zone of Tigray Ethiopia, aimed to asess the physicochemical quality of raw cow milk collected from smallholders, cafeterias and local vendors. A total of seventy samples of raw cow milk were collected and analysed. All samples were collected using proportional random sampling method. The mean values for pH, specific gravity, titratable acidity, freazing point, Total solid , fat, Solid not fat, protein, ash and lactose contents of milk samples collected from smallholders and cafeterias were 6.640±0.03,1.032±0.04, 0.165±0.01, -0.530±0.07, 12.84±0.05, 3.98 ±0.04, 8.86±0.01, 3.69 ±0.03, 0.58 ±0.06, 4.58 ±0.0 and 6.40 ±0.00, 1.026 ±0.00,0.19±0.004, -0.48±0.009, 14.81±0.003, 4.63 ±0.005, 10.2±00,4.24±0.005, 0.73±0.0013 and 5.20 ±0.002 respectively. In the case of milk samples collected from local vendors PH, specific gravity, titratable acidity, freezing point, Total solid, Solid not fat, Protein ash and lactos content were 6.27±0.007, 1.022±0.00, 0.28±0.006, -0.49±0.001, 14.1±0.002, 4.12±0.008, 9.94±0.003, 4.41±0.003 and0.74±0.002 respectively. The study found that the chemical quality of samples collected from cafeterias and local vendors was significantly higher (P<0.05) than samples from small scale milk producers. However, the physicochemical quality of samples fromall three sources was within the standard level, except for pH and titratable acidity in the samples from cafeterias and local vendors. This indicates that a need for improved physicochemical quality standards, providing training and education for small-scale milk producers, cafeterias, and local vendors on proper milk handling and storage practices, to enhancing the overall quality of milk in the region
Effect on quality of paneer using unripe mango powder as a natural coagulant
Authors: Kumar Aditya , AJ Gokhale , Balakrishnan Smitha , AM Patel , JM Mallik
Published: January 2025

Paneer, an important traditional dairy product is manufactured by different types of coagulants, however, use of natural coagulants reported are few. In this study, unripe mango powder was used as the natural coagulant in paneer manufacturing. Three variables employed were unripe mango powder (12-16 g/kg), coagulation temperature (70 to 85 °C), and fat content of milk (2.00 to 4.50 %); These variables were studied using Face-centered central composite design in design expert13.0.5.0. The proximate compositional analysis of the optimized paneer revealed 59.55 ± 0.16 % moisture, 14.68 ± 0.03 % fat, while protein content was 18.94 ± 0.06 %, total carbohydrate content4.76 ± 0.23 %, ash content 2.07 ± 0.04 % and fiber content 0.5 %.The physicochemical properties studied include titratable acidity(0.43 ± 0.02 % LA), pH (6.0 ± 0.01), water activity (0.98 ± 0.01) and Free fatty acid content (0.16 ± 0.03 %). The rheological characteristics of the developed paneer indicated values for hardness as 7.29 ± 0.60N, springiness 5.83 ± 0.15mm, cohesiveness0.31 ± 0.01, chewiness of 13.23 ± 1.57Nmm, gumminess of 2.27 ±0.22N, and adhesiveness of 0.03 ± 0.01Nmm. Fresh paneer sample had APC (Aerobic Plate Count) of 4.72 ± 0.47 log10 cfu/g, while Yeast and Mold count and Coliform count were absent/g. The sensory scores for the optimized paneer were 43.80 ± 0.51 for flavour (out of 50), 30.15 ± 0.77 for body and texture (out of 35),8.16 ± 0.11 for colour and appearance (out of 10) and 87.11 ± 1.20for the total sensory score (out of 100). The yield of the optimized paneer obtained was 17 %.
solation and Characterization of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)from milk samples
Authors: Begum Jubeda , Akbar Mir Nasir
Published: January 2025

This study reports the isolation and molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) from sub-clinical mastitic milk samples of cows and does followed by the detection of multi-drug resistance profile of the isolates. The occurrence of MRSA was confirmed phenotypically as well as by molecular detection of the mecA gene. A total of 165 suspected mastitic milk samples were collected from cows (116) and does(49) in 2022 in Uttarakhand India. Out of 165 samples, 107 (64.8%)were positive for S. aureus (74 from cow and 32 from does samples)and 21 (19.6%) were positive for MRSA out of 107 (15 cow and 6does samples). All the MRSA isolates were multidrug resistant. However, both MRSA and non-MRSA isolates were most sensitive to Chloramphenicol and complete resistance was observed against eight antibiotics including methicillin. The present study also revealed the resistance of MRSA isolates to antibiotics not used in veterinary medicine earlier. Our findings also highlights the detection of a significant percentage of MRSA in sub-clinical mastitic milk samples for the first time in the state of Uttarakhand, India; growing trends of multidrug resistance due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics and possible diffusion into the human food chain.
Effect of non-genetic factors on linear type traits score in Sahiwal cattle
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Lathwal Surender Singh , Devi Indu , Tomar Divyanshu Singh , Singh Pawan , . Mamta , Singh Yajuvendra
Published: January 2025

The aim of the present investigation was to determine if environmental or non-genetic variables may affect linear type scores in Sahiwal cows. For this purpose, 246 observations were obtained from 23 linear type traits on 150 Sahiwal cattle from 2019to 2021. Data was analyzed by the least squares technique to examine the effect of non-genetic factors on conformation traits. All the data was analyzed by using univariate analysis of variance in the GLM of SPSS. In this study, the season had no statistically significant impact on linear type traits. Parity had a significant(p<0.05) effect on chest width, body depth, rump width, fore udder attachment, udder depth, rear udder width, central ligament, fore teat length and rear teat length. Stage of lactation had a significant (p<0.05) effect on body depth, body condition score, rear udder height and rear udder width. According to the study’s findings, the parity, and lactation stages were significant drivers of variance for most features of the linear type. To minimize known animal differences and achieve accurate estimates of the attributes, data must be adjusted for these effects.
Estimation of direct and maternal covariance of production efficiency traits in Murrah buffalo
Authors: Sharma Smriti , Dhaka Surender Singh , Patil Chandrashekhar Santosh , Rathi Pallavi
Published: January 2025

The study employed data collected from 662 Murrah buffaloes meticulously documented over a 24-year period (1996-2019). The data were sourced from historical pedigree records maintained at the buffalo farm of the Department of Livestock Production and Management (LPM) at Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences in Hisar. The average values under univariate animal model for production efficiency traits viz. MCI and MSC were 4.84 kg/day and 1.33 kg/day, respectively. Six univariate animal models were utilized to compute (co)variance components and heritabilities for traits related to first lactation production efficiency. Among these models, Model 1 was identified as the most suitable for calculating milk yield per day of calving interval (MCI), while Model 2 proved optimal for milk yield per day of age at second calving (MSC). Maternal effects were observed to influence MSC (ranging from 0.09 to 0.22). The heritability estimates for the production efficiency traits, namely MCI and MSC, were 0.35±0.12 and 0.15±0.09, respectively. The breeding values for production efficiency traits ranged from 0.46kg/day for MCI to 0.63 kg/day for MSC. A significant and positive genetic correlation between additive and maternal effects was identified, ranging from 0.41 to 0.98. This suggests a consistent and strong interaction between genetic factors inherited from the dam. Rank correlation of breeding values across all six models ranged from 0.71 (non-significant) to 1.00 for MCI and MSC.MCI exhibited positive genetic and phenotypic trends, showing annual increases of 0.009±0.005 kg/day and 0.148±0.018 kg/day, respectively. In contrast, MSC displayed a very low negative genetic trend (-0.001±0.001 kg/day), while a positive phenotypic trend was observed at 0.047±0.006 kg/day per year. These trends indicate that both selection and management practices are concurrently contributing to the improvement of production efficiency traits.
Performance assessment of the dairy co-operatives in the mainland and Saurashtra-Kutch regions of the Gujarat, India
Authors: Mahida Darshnaben P , Chandel BS , Singh Ajmer , Ramadas Sendhil , Malhotra R. , Ponnusamy K. , Khamrui Kaushik
Published: January 2025

Dairy co-operatives in Gujarat (India) is a perfect case of local institution driving economic development. However, the discrepancies in its growth still exist across regions due to factors like social rigidity, bureaucratic procedures, inadequate local involvement, and management issues. The co-operative model completely failed once in the Saurashtra-Kutch region of the state and was re-established during 2007-09. Hence, the present study measures the performance of village-level dairy co-operatives societies (DCS) in the Mainland portion and Saurashtra-Kutch region of Gujarat over two periods (2011-14 &2015-19) and proposes strategies to improve the performance. Atotal sample of 120 DSCs was taken from four milk unions, two from each region, and Iyengar and Sudarshan’s approach was used for calculating the composite performance index which assigns weights inversely varying with variation in the indicator. The inverse variance-based co-operative performance index analysis of 120 DCSs across two regions suggests that the Mainland region (0.269) DCSs perform better than the Saurashtra-Kutch region (0.194) and over a period, the performance has improved to 0.354 and 0.271, respectively. Further, logistic regression-based marginal effects indicated that the probability of having high financial performance is 0.278 times greater forDCS with high physical performance than the counterpart. This suggests that poor performers should diversify and intensify input and other services delivery which will raise member participation rate, increase animal productivity, and lead to intensified dairying and higher milk procurement.