bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Video versus in person hearings: Determining witness credibility
Authors: reeves thomas zane
Published: August 2021

Because of health risks during the global
pandemic of 2020, many fact finding hearings previously held in-person were
offered in a video format. The return of in-person hearings is reemerging
as many practitioners contend that video hearings are inadequate for viewing
witness demeanor, thereby hindering determination of witness credibility. This paper summarizes the best available
evidence and concludes: (1) personal demeanor is a not reliable factor for
weighing witness credibility or deception detection, (2) a variety of indicators
to be used by a “trier of fact” are more accurate in evaluating witness credibility, (3) and a video format is
more reliable than an in-person hearing in assessing witness credibility. It
concludes with an examination of what has been learned and the opportunities recorded
video hearings offer for assessing witness credibility in the future.
Colias hyale sareptensis Alphéraky, 1875, and its name-bearing type (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
Authors: Worthy Robert , Lamas Gerardo
Published: August 2021

A new lectotype designation by Korb (2013) for Colias hyale sareptensis Alphéraky, 1875 is rejected and the previous lectotype designation by Grieshuber, Worthy & Lamas (2006) reinstated.
LAYANAN BIMBINGAN BELAJAR PADA SISWA KELAS IV SD NEGERI 1 ENDE TIMUR
Authors: Dari Karolus D
Published: August 2021

mengetahui suatu layanan bimbingan belajar pada anak sd
Arsitektur Sistem Pakar: Pengenalan Sistem Pakar
Authors: Panessai Ismail Yusuf
Published: August 2021

Buku ini membahas tentang Sejarah Sistem Pakar, Karakteristik Sistem Pakar, Perbandingan Sistem Pakar dan Seorang Pakar, Perbandingan Sistem Pakar dan Sistem Konvensional, dan Pemanfaatan Sistem Pakar.
Integrasi Keilmuan antara Sains & Teknologi dengan Agama (Suatu Konsepsi dalam Upaya Mengikis Dikotomi Ilmu)
Authors: D. Didiharyono
Published: August 2021

Pada dasarnya seluruh alam semesta dan isinya yang berasal dari Tuhan, termasuk ilmu pengetahuan. Ilmu pengetahuan yang berasal dari Tuhan harus dijadikan sebagai instrumen dalam mendekatkan diri kepada-Nya. Semua titik keilmuan manusia kembali dalam genggaman yang menciptakannya, terminologi ini disebut juga dengan kembali pada titik nol. Dalam perkembangan dunia keilmuan, titik nol berkembang menjadi istilah titik tunggal atau disebut juga dengan asas tunggal dunia ilmu. Asas tungal dunia ilmu mencakup semua ilmu pengetahuan. Ilmu pengetahuan yang dimaksud adalah ilmu ekonomi, sosial, politik, bahasa, sastra, agama dan lain sebagainnya. Tidak ada dikotomisasi dalam ilmu pengetahuan umum dan ilmu agama, semuanya berasal dari Tuhan semesta alam
Tugas akhir Bimbingan belajar
Authors: Siska.f
Published: August 2021

Peranan guru sebagai profesionalisme dalam membimbing, mendidik, dan mengajar yang di dalamnya terdapat pengertian peranan, peranan guru sebagai profesinalisme dalam membimbing, mendidik dan mengajar serta hakikat strategi belajar mengajar guru dalam membimbing, dan mendidik. Tujuan startegi pembelajaran kemudian cara mendiagnosa masalah belajar dan mengatasinya.
Melting conditions and mantle source composition from probabilistic joint inversion of major and rare earth element concentrations
Authors: Oliveira Benat , Afonso Juan , Klöcking Marthe
Published: August 2021

The chemical composition of erupted basalts provides a record of the thermo-chemical state of their source region and the melting conditions that lead to their formation. Here we present the first probabilistic inversion framework capable of inverting both trace and major element data of mafic volcanic rocks to constrain mantle potential temperature, depth of melting, and major and trace element source composition. The inversion strategy is based on the combination of i) a two-phase multi-component reactive transport model, ii) a thermodynamic solver for the evolution of major elements and mineral/liquid phases, (iii) a disequilibrium model of trace element partitioning and iv) an adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. The mechanical and chemical evolution of melt and solid residue are therefore modelled in an internally- and thermodynamically-consistent manner. We illustrate the inversion approach and its sensitivity to relevant model parameters with a series of numerical experiments with increasing level of complexity. We show the benefits and limitations of using major and trace element compositions separately before demonstrating the advantages of a joint inversion. We show that such joint inversion has great sensitivity to mantle temperature, pressure range of melting and composition of the source, even when realistic uncertainties are assigned to both data and predictions. We further test the reliability of the approach on a real dataset from a well-characterised region: the Rio Grande Rift in western North America. We obtain estimates of mantle potential temperature ($\sim$ 1340 $^o$C), lithospheric thickness ($\sim$ 60 km) and source composition that are in excellent agreement with numerous independent geochemical and geophysical estimates. In particular, this study suggests that the basalts in this region originated from a moderately hot upwelling and include the contribution from a slightly depleted source that experienced a small degree of melt or fluid metasomatism. This component is likely associated with partial melting of the lower portions of the lithosphere. The flexibility of both the melting model and inversion scheme developed here makes the approach widely applicable to assessing the thermo-chemical structure and evolution of the lithosphere-asthenosphere system and paves the way for truly joint geochemical-geophysical inversions.
Systematic calculation of finite-time mixed singular vectors and characterization of error growth for persistent coherent atmospheric disturbances over Eurasia
Authors: Quinn Courtney , O'Kane Terence , Harries Dylan
Published: August 2021

Singular vectors (SVs) have long been employed in the initialization of ensemble numerical weather prediction (NWP) in order to capture the structural organization and growth rates of those perturbations or “errors” associated with initial condition errors and instability processes of the large scale flow. Due to their (super) exponential growth rates and spatial scales, initial SVs are typically combined empirically with evolved SVs in order to generate forecast perturbations whose structures and growth rates are tuned for specified lead-times. Here we present a systematic approach to generating finite time or "mixed" SVs (MSVs) based on a method for the calculation of covariant Lyapunov vectors (CLVs) and appropriate choices of the matrix cocycle. We first derive a data-driven reduced order model to characterize persistent geopotential height anomalies over Europe and Western Asia (Eurasia) over the period 1979-present from the NCEPv1 reanalysis. We then characterize and compare the MSVs and SVs of each persistent state over Eurasia for particular lead-times from a day to over a week. Finally, we compare the spatio-temporal properties of SVs and MSVs in an examination of the dynamics of the 2010 Russian heatwave. We show that MSVs provide a systematic approach to generate initial forecast perturbations projected onto relevant expanding directions in phase space for typical NWP forecast lead-times.
Cybonto: Towards Human Cognitive Digital Twins for Cybersecurity
Authors: Nguyen Tam ngoc
Published: August 2021

*** [The significantly improved published version of this preprint is now available at https://xmed.jmir.org/2022/2/e33502 ] *** Cyber defense is reactive and slow. On average, the time-to-remedy is hundreds of times larger than the time-to-compromise. In response, Digital Twins (DTs) and particularly Human Digital Twins (HDTs) offer the capability of running massive simulations across multiple knowledge domains. Simulated results offer insights into adversaries' behaviors and tactics, resulting in better proactive cyber-defense strategies. For the first time, this paper solidifies the vision of DTs and HDTs for cybersecurity via the Cybonto conceptual framework proposal. The paper also contributes the Cybonto ontology to guide the developments of such HDTs. In particular, the ontology formally documented 108 constructs and thousands of cognitive-related paths based on 20 time-tested psychology theories. Finally, the paper applied 20 network centrality algorithms in ranking the constructs by their cognitive influences. The top 10 constructs call for extensions of current digital cognitive architectures such as: explicitly implementing more refined structures of Long-term Memory and Perception, putting a stronger focus on influential non-cognitive constructs such as Arousal, and creating new capabilities for simulating, reasoning about, and selecting circumstances.
Scientifically-Flawed Bypass of the Hard Problem Doesn’t Make It ‘Easier’!
Authors: Rosseinsky Nicholas Martin
Published: August 2021

In the flagship journal Science, Melloni et al. recently claimed to offer a way of making the ‘hard problem’ of consciousness easier. In fact, in their chosen analytical setting, the hard problem is impossible, and their claims simply further muddy the already-opaque waters in the mainstream field of conscious-experiential science.
Brownian motion and polarized three-dimensional quantum vacuum
Authors: Fiscaletti Davide
Published: August 2021

A nonlinear model of Brownian motion is developed in a three-dimensional quantum vacuum defined by a variable quantum vacuum energy density corresponding to processes of creation/annihilation of virtual particles. In this model, the polarization of the quantum vacuum determined by a perturbative fluctuation of the quantum vacuum energy density associated with a fluctuating viscosity, which mimics the action of dark matter, emerges as the fundamental entity which generates the Brownian motion.
Impact of substrate supplemented with CaCO3 on mycelial growth, yield, morphological features and storability of fruiting bodies of black poplar mushroom Agrocybe cylindracea (DC.) Marie.
Authors: Jasinska A. , Siwulski M.
Published: August 2021

Black poplar mushroom, Agrocybe cylindracea deserves special attention, due to its medicinal properties. Water and alcohol extracts from fruiting bodies of the fungus have an anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-fungal, cholesterol and triglycerides blood level lowering abilities. This mushroom is rich in proteins and vitamins, mineral elements and low in fat. The aim of the experiments was to determine effect of a substrate supplementation with CaCO3 on mycelial growth, yield, morphological features and storability of fruiting bodies of four strains of A. cylindracea (DC.) Marie. The amount of additive to sawdust substrate affects rate of mycelial growth and yield of investigated strains. A. cylindracea mycelial growth was not affected by addition of CaCO3 to substrate, however a significant effect of this additive was found on yield, which was the highest with CaCO3 addition in an amount of 8 g/100 g of substrate. Carpophores characterized with the largest caps diameter, and the largest individual mass obtained of substrate enriched with CaCO3 addition of 8 g/100 g of substrate. In addition, it was found that supplementation with CaCO3 affect storability of A. cylindracea. The lowest weight loss of fruiting bodies after 3 and 7 days of storage was found with addition of CaCO3 to substrate in an amount of 4 g/100 g of substrate.
Nutritional quality, fruit shape and relationships among exotic and local Capsicum pepper genotypes in Uganda
Authors: Asiimwe S. , Ochwo-Ssemakula M. , Ssekkadde P. , Ribeiro C. , Karungi-Tumutegyereize J.
Published: August 2021

Twenty-one hot pepper genotypes comprising of local (15) and exotic (6) types (C. annuum, C. frutescens and C. chinense) were characterized for selected fruit traits after propagation in a glasshouse at the Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute Kabanyolo in Central Uganda using a completely randomized design with three replicates. Ripe fruits were harvested and analyzed; traits evaluated were all significantly different at P<0.05 with variations in quality attributes. The genotype OHA-B305-10 had the highest ascorbic acid content (128.86 mg/100 g) and is recommended for improvement of both local and exotic genotypes targeting the fresh market. Genotypes CAP0408-12 and UG2 WE0511-22, with highest total soluble solids (16.17 ºBrix) and dry matter content (28.59%), respectively should be used in improvements for industrial use or processing to products such as chilli powder or flakes. BRS-M205-04 with highest titratable acidity (1.04%) can be used in enhancing shelf life of genotypes with low titratable acids as well as for the fresh market. In spite of the intraspecific relationships among genotypes, significant differences were observed in their quantitative traits. These genotypes will, therefore, be useful in improving the quality of hot pepper fruit in Uganda.
Character association and genetic gain of nine agronomic traits of F1 populations in onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Deb A. C. , Ara R.
Published: August 2021

F1 populations of half diallel cross were considered for this investigation. Phenotypic component of variation (s2P) was higher than genotypic (s2G), interaction ((s2I) and within error (s2w) components of variation. Trait bulb weight showed the highest values for s2P, s2G, s2I and s2w. The noticeable amount of phenotypic, genotypic, interaction and within error covariation was found in the combination of BW×BY, possibly indicating wide scope of selection for this pair of characters. Genotypic correlations were higher than the respective phenotypic correlations. This situation was also marked in the path coefficient analysis. Bulb yield/plot showed highly significant and positive correlation coefficient with other characters both at phenotypic and genotypic levels. When all the nine characters were included in an index, it exhibited the highest genetic gain as percentage. When a combination of two or more characters was studied in a function, the efficacy was higher than that of direct selection for bulb yield. The combination of five, six, seven or eight characters showed higher percentage of expected gain. Due to significantly correlated with BY and having high positive direct effect at phenotypic level characters viz., LL, BW, PH and NLs is considered as primary yield components. Again combinations of these four characters gave the commendable expected genetic gain of 330.7290% may be considered as important selection index for this material.
Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rate and time to first harvest on leaf area index; leaf nitrate content and yield of irrigated leaf rape (Brassica napus L. var. Giant)
Authors: Masaka J. , Chandiposha M. , Makaure B. T. , Mazina B.
Published: August 2021

In Zimbabwe, smallholder cultivation of leaf rape is of considerable importance due to the increasing demand for the leaf vegetable from the rapidly increasing urban populations.  A two-season field trial was conducted in the Agricultural Practice Experimental Plots of the Midlands State University in central Zimbabwe. The objective of the study was to establish selected biometric responses of leaf rape to N fertilizer rates and time to first harvesting. Increasing the rate of N fertilizer application considerably improves the yield of fresh rape leaf; LAI and concentration of leaf nitrate. Delaying rape leaf harvest after N fertilizer side dressing can be used as a strategy to boost rape leaf yield for vegetable markets with high single delivery demand. When harvesting is deliberately delayed after N fertilizer application rape LAI are significantly increased. Delaying the first leaf harvests by 7; 14 and 21 days after N fertilizer side dressing amendments increases the content of nitrate in fresh rape leaves. Fresh rape yield can be more accurately predicted by values of rape LAI. Nitrate concentrations in fresh rape leaf is a poor predictor of rape yield under field conditions.
Effect of hydroponic and peat-free media in transplant production of Rudbeckia hirta varieties under different photoperiodic lighting and their photosynthetic parameters
Authors: Antal G. , Kurucz E. , Koncz K. , Kaszás L. , Fári M. G.
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of varieties, different light conditions (short day, long day, natural short day with light pollution), and different growing media (perlite, peat-free, peat-based, aeroponics system) on Rudbeckia hirta plant production under controlled conditions (greenhouse). The morphological effects of each treatment (photoperiodic lightings and media) on different Rudbeckia varieties determined at 11 weeks-old ’Napfény’, ’Toto Gold’, ’Autumn Colors’, ’Prairie Sun’ and 16 weeks-old ’Napfény’. Plantlets received 12 hours daylight did not initiate flowers, remained stage of the leaf rosette in case of all varieties. The 14 hours light treatment in the aeroponics system and the same treatment in perlite and control (natural short day with 14 hours light pollution) plantlets had developed inflorescences or flower buds. The inflorescence axis of ‘Napfény’ was appeared at 13 weeks under long-day conditions, with 1.7 (perlite) - 2.7 (aeroponics) flower buds in 16 weeks. ’Toto Gold’, ’Autumn Colors’, ’Prairie Sun’ varieties developed inflorescences at 8 weeks, 14 hours aeroponics system resulted in the most of flower buds (’Toto Gold’: 6.5, ’Autumn Colors’: 3.25,’Prairie Sun’: 4.8 flower buds) at 11 weeks. Long daylight manipulation could be minimized crop times and achieved flowering potted plants at 11 weeks. The peat-based and peat-free media effect was observed on ‘Autumn Colors’. The number of leaves of peat-free ‘Autumn Colors’ transplants (16.8-20.3) was significantly higher than peat-based media (13.5-15.5). Other morphological parameters were not affected by the media treatments.
Comprehensive Expression and Prognosis Analyses of ITGB1 in AML
Authors: Chen Bao-An , Zhou Xinyi , Jin Nan , Chen Bao-An
Published: August 2021

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a dangerous type of leukemia. The emergence of
multidrug resistance (MDR) and recurrence limits the prognosis and survival of patients. In recent studies,
we have known that the bone marrow microenvironment was closely related to the poor prognosis of AML.
However, the underlying mechanisms are still far from fully understood. By utilizing the bioinformatics
analysis, we screened out integrin B1 (ITGB1) as the hub gene, which is associated with the bone marrow
microenvironment mediated changes of AML cells, with expression profile GSE73157 downloaded from
the National Center for Biotechnology Information-Gene Expression Omnibus (NCBI-GEO) database.
Methods: R studio software was used to screen out candidate hub genes and further visualize the differential
expression. R package ‘limma’ was to find out differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO)
enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway were conducted by R
package “clusterProfiler”. Furthermore, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was also performed
by the online tool STRING and software Cytoscape. Last but not least, online tools PrognoScan and GEPIA
were utilized for the evaluation of the clinical significance of the selected hub gene. P and Cox p-value
<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results: ITGB1 was filtrated as the only hub gene in this profile. We found that patients with high
expression of ITGB1 had significantly longer overall survival (OS) than those with low expression (COX
p-value= 0.016730). Besides, the expression of the ITGB1 gene in AML patients is lower than that in normal
people significantly (p-value<0.01).
Conclusion: We identified ITGB1 as a key gene in the bone marrow microenvironment mediated poor
prognosis in AML. The down-regulated expression of ITGB1 was related to AML patients’ poor outcomes.
ITGB1 may be a potential marker for predicting and guiding AML treatment.
Opt-in Electrocardiogram Screening at High-School Physicals Does Not Identify Those at Highest Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Porras Lauren , Porras Lauren , Willson Adam , Tamminga Kyle , Stennett Naima , Zhang Jingru , Lin Feng-Chang , Berkowitz Joshua
Published: August 2021

Pre-participation examination (PPE) is mandatory for United States high school athletes. Despite evidence suggesting increased detection of cardiac disease associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD), obtaining a resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is not required for pre-participation evaluation. We queried local high school athletes undergoing PPE between 2017-2019 to gauge interest in having an ECG performed during their PPE. We also evaluated willingness to pay for an ECG and potentially other tests if screening ECG is abnormal. There were 149 respondents, of whom 104 (70%) were male. 18 (12%) respondents were African American (AA) and 30 (20%) played basketball. Regarding interest in ECG, 77 (52%) were unsure, 41 (28%) responded ‘yes’ and 31 (21%) responded ‘no’. Of those not interested in ECG, 11 (35%) played basketball, 23 (74%) were male and 5 (16%) were AA. Basketball players were less likely to want an ECG (p-value 0.002). 48 athletes responded that they would pay for an ECG, 3 (6%) of whom were AA. 46 responded that they would not pay, 13 (28%) of whom were AA (p-value 0.005). Most athletes and parents were unsure about ECG screening. Among athletes considered highest risk for SCD (males, AA and basketball players), there was disproportionately lower interest in screening or paying for an ECG. Lack of interest might be for many reasons, including lack of knowledge regarding the utility of ECG screening and financial considerations. Our study showed that opt-in ECG screening at PPE would miss many high school athletes at highest risk.
Sensibilidad del reflejo rojo en lactantes, realizado por pediatras utilizando imágenes tomadas a través de un teléfono inteligente
Authors: Cardozo-Sarubbi Olivia , García-García Susana , Mesquita-Ramirez Mirta
Published: August 2021

Introducción: La primera evaluación ocular se realiza en el periodo neonatal con el reflejo rojo (RR).

Objetivo: Determinar la sensibilidad y especificidad del reflejo rojo obtenido por medio de imágenes tomadas por pediatras con un teléfono inteligente, en niños menores de 24 meses.

Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional de pruebas diagnósticas que incluyo lactantes menores de 24 meses. Tuvo dos etapas, La primera fue la búsqueda del reflejo rojo en imágenes obtenidas con un teléfono inteligente con pantalla 1280 x720 y densidad de pixeles de 267ppp, con cámara posterior de 13 MP y Flash LED, realizado por una operadora pediatra, en el consultorio en penumbras, con el niño a 6 metros de distancia en brazos de la madre. La presencia del reflejo rojo en ambos ojos se consideró normal y la ausencia uní o bilateral anormal. La segunda etapa fue el examen oftalmológico, en forma ciega en relación con la primera evaluación pediátrica. El análisis de los datos se realizó en el SPSS, utilizando estadísticas descriptivas. El comité de ética institucional aprobó el protocolo con consentimiento informado.

Resultados: Fueron incluidos 228 lactantes con mediana edad de 7 meses (rangos intercuartílicos de 5 a 11 meses) El reflejo rojo con el teléfono celular fue normal en 206/228 y anormal en 21/228 Al examen por oftalmología pediátrica fue normal en 219/228 y anormal en 9/228. La sensibilidad del test con el teléfono inteligente fue de 88% y la especificidad del 94%. Se detectaron patologías visuales en el 4%.

Conclusiones: La detección del reflejo rojo por pediatras con un teléfono inteligente tuvo una sensibilidad del 88% y una especificidad del 94%, En el 4% se detectaron patologías oculares.

Conflicto de intereses

Las autoras declaran no tener conflictos de intereses

Financiamiento

El estudio no conto con financiamiento

Recibido: 22/04/2021  Aceptado: 10/06/2021
Larva migrans visceral como causa de síndrome febril prolongado y eosinofilia severa. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Chamorro Noceda Luis Alberto
Published: August 2021

Toxocara canis y catis son helmintos que parasitan el intestino del perro o del gato, sus huéspedes definitivos. Las hembras eliminan huevos infectantes al medio ambiente, que, ingeridos accidentalmente por el ser humano, sólo desarrollan el estado larvario en etapa embrionaria y causan la toxocariasis. Esta es una zoonosis extendida por todo el mundo, especialmente en aquellas áreas donde prevalecen condiciones deficientes de hábitat e higiene. El cuadro clínico puede variar desde formas asintomáticas a la larva migrans visceral (LMV) o larva migrans ocular (LMO), debidas a la diseminación de larvas embrionadas en el hígado, pulmones y en menor medida el SNC. La LMV se caracteriza clínicamente por la presencia de hepatomegalia, infiltración pulmonar con tos, eosinofilia de variada intensidad, hiper Ig E y anticuerpos Ig G anti-toxocara. Por no ser la fiebre un síntoma clínico destacado, se presenta el siguiente caso clínico.

Recibido: 06/10/2020 Aceptado:24/06/2021
Carcinosarcoma of the Cervix: A Case Report
Authors: Bhagat Birendra , Aacharya Bijaya Chandra , Gurung Sarita , Bhatta Ranjan Raj , Rajbhandari Aasiya
Published: August 2021

Cervical carcinoma is the most common cause of mortality due to cancer in Nepal. Carcinosarcoma is a very rare subtype of cervical cancer which is characterized by the presence of both epithelial and mesenchymal malignant component. It constitutes less than 1% of cervical carcinoma. Due to the low occurrence of the disease, most of the data on treatment and prognosis are based on case reports and series. Here, we report a case of 69 years, female with cervical cancer (FIGO IIA2). Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of cervical biopsy initially showed primary adenosarcoma of the cervix. The tumor was non-responsive to primary treatment with concurrent chemoradiation. Later she was treated with abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The final histopathology of the resected specimen showed a sarcomatous component along with carcinomatous changes in the endocervical glands favouring the diagnosis of carcinosarcoma of the cervix.
Virtual Anatomy Classes among the First and Second Year Medical and Dental Students of a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Makaju Sarbada , Rai Chandra Kala
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The pandemic of COVID-19 affected every single person in the world. This pandemic also affected the academics of medical and dental colleges of Nepal. In these conditions, the virtual study was used as an emergency measure during the COVID-19 period, with an adaptation to the “new normal” to deliver preclinical medical education. This has brought both challenges and opportunities to medical education. The objective of the study is to find out whether the anatomy virtual classes were helpful among the first and second year medical and dental students of a medical college.
Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 206 first and second-year medical and dental students of a medical college between 1st May 2021-31st May 2021 after getting the ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee (reference no. 0504202109). The convenient sampling was done. The data were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20 version. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage for binary data.
Results: Out of the total 206 students, 173 (84%) (78.99-89.01 at 95% Confidence Interval) found that virtual anatomy classes were not helpful for the study of the anatomy classes. 
Conclusions: From the study, we conclude that more than half of the students found that virtual classes were not helpful for the study of anatomy classes. Students have difficulty in studying dissection, cadaveric, and embryological structures via virtual classes. Physical class is better for studying anatomy than virtual classes for medical and dental students.
Overweight among Medical Students in a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rai Chandra Kala , Makaju Sarbada
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Today’s generation is facing an increased prevalence of overweight and obesity. It may be genetic or habitual due to overeating of junk foods and sedentary lifestyle. It directly affects an individual personality and health. The main aim of this study is to find out the prevalence of overweight among medical students in a tertiary care center.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study done in 385 students in a tertiary care hospital from 25th January 2020 to 28th February 2021. The sample was collected by simple random sampling method after the approval from the Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital. Height in meter and weight in kilogram of students were measured to calculate body mass index. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package of Social Science software version 16. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Among 385 students, 75 (19.48%) (95% Confidence Interval= 15.53%-23.44%) were overweight. Fifty-seven (14.85%) males and 18 (4.69%) females were overweight respectively. In total, there were 197 (51.01%) males and 188 (48.99%) females.
Conclusions: The current study shows the prevalence of overweight among medical students is slightly higher than in studies done in similar settings.
Isolated Medial Dislocation of Elbow: A Case Report
Authors: KC Kapil Mani , Aryal Ramesh , Acharya Samir , KC Amuda
Published: August 2021

Even though posterior or postero-lateral dislocations of elbow are more common, both isolatedmedial and lateral dislocations of elbow are extremely uncommon. Since there are subtle findingsand minimum pain after medial dislocation of elbow, these are sometimes missed by attendingphysician at first presentation and changes into chronic type with guarded prognosis. We report acase of a 15-year old boy with isolated medial dislocation of elbow which was correctly identified andtreated with closed reduction and posterior slab application. Flexion extension as well as supinationpronation of elbow 3 months after injury was nearly normal.
Annotazioni sul testo del Salmo 17
Authors: Bazyliński Stanisław
Published: August 2021

On the basis of the Hebrew manuscripts and other ancient textual witnesses, this article singles out and discusses many text-critical and translational issues regarding Psalm 17, dwelling particularly upon vv.11 and 14. For v.11, the author accepts the conjectural reading אִשְּׁרוּנִי עתַָּה סְבָבוּנִ י , “they have advanced/moved against me, now, they have encircled me”. For v.14, the author gives preference to the qere וּצְפוּנְךָ with the collective meaning: “and your protected ones”.
Aspekty prawne odpowiedzialności funkcjonariuszy publicznych
Authors: Jaworski Bogdan
Published: August 2021

Administracja publiczna wykonując złożone zadania, dysponuje charakterystycznymi dla niej strukturami organizacyjnymi opartymi w głównej mierze na monokratycznych organach. Funkcjonowanie struktur tej administracji związane jest z istnieniem aparatów pomocniczych jej organów, składających się z ko­mórek organizacyjnych oraz zróżnicowanego pod względem statusu prawnego personelu. Szczególną rolę w działalności administracji odgrywają funkcjonariusze publiczni, którzy przejmują na siebie najistotniejszą część spraw publicznych. Pamiętając, że administracja może podejmować aktywność jedynie w granicach pra­wa i na podstawie norm prawnych, niezwykle istotne wydaje się działanie funkcjonariuszy publicznych zgodne z określonymi reżimami. Gwarancją takiego stanu rzeczy są liczne przepisy należące do różnych gałęzi prawa, odnoszące się do odpowiedzialności za czyny wykraczające poza te normy. Podjęte w opracowaniu rozważania koncentrują się na zróżnicowanych aspektach odpowiedzialności funkcjonariuszy publicznych.
Charakter prawny decyzji w sprawie równoważnika za brak lokalu mieszkalnego dla strażaka Państwowej Straży Pożarnej
Authors: Kała Dariusz Piotr
Published: August 2021

Artykuł dotyczy charakteru prawnego decyzji w sprawie równoważnika pieniężnego za brak lokalu dla strażaków Państwowej Straży Pożarnej. Publikacja wypełnia lukę w dotychczasowej nauce prawa, jest jedynym i pierwszym opracowaniem naukowym na ten temat. W artykule omówiono aktualne uregulowanie prawne tego świadczenia, a także jego unormowanie w historii, występujące w zakresie tego zagadnienia rozbieżne orzecznictwo sądów. Całość problematyki odniesiono do regulacji prawnych równoważnika w innych służbach mundurowych, a także istniejących w obrębie tych regulacji linii orzeczniczych sądów. W artykule przedstawiono wnioski z rozważań oraz postawiono tezę o mieszanym charakterze decyzji w sprawie równoważnika pieniężnego za brak lokalu dla strażaków Państwowej Straży Pożarnej.
Stosowalność niektórych systemów logicznych do analizy formalnej poprawności wnioskowań dotyczących prawa kanonicznego
Authors: Kozanecka-Dymek Anna Maria
Published: August 2021

Przykłady zaprezentowane w artykule pozwalają wyrazić przekonanie, że znajomość logiki for­malnej może być przydatna w pracy myślowej prawnika kanonisty, zwłaszcza wtedy, gdy nie ma on pewności, czy wyprowadzony przez niego wniosek wynika logicznie z przesłanek. Przeanalizowano formalną poprawność kilku wnioskowań przeprowadzonych w oparciu o kanony, przy użyciu aparatury klasycznego rachunku zdań i sylogistyki, a także wybranych logik nieklasycznych, takich jak np. logika tensalna, logika chronologiczna i logika miejsca
Glosa do uchwały Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 23 października 2019 r., III CZP 23/19
Authors: Wolak Grzegorz
Published: August 2021

Pewne wątpliwości może budzić to, czy osobą uprawnioną do zachowku w rozumieniu art. 991 § 1 Kodeksu cywilnego jest wnuk spadkodawcy jako dalszy zstępny, gdy stwierdzenie nabycia spadku nastąpiło na podstawie testamentu, a dziecko spadkodawcy jako spadkobierca ustawowy odrzuciło spadek z ustawy i nie zostało powołane do dziedziczenia na podstawie tego testamentu. W glosie do uchwały z dnia 23 października 2019 r., III CZP 24/19, glosator zaaprobował stanowisko Sądu Najwyższego, zgodnie z którym dalszy zstępny spadkodawcy nie jest uprawniony do zachowku po nim, jeśli – w razie dziedziczenia testamentowego – zstępny spadkodawcy złożył oświadczenie o odrzuceniu spadku z ustawy.
Glosa do wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 8 maja 2019 r., V CSK 207/18
Authors: Żok Krzysztof
Published: August 2021

Glosa analizuje wpływ niedawnego wyroku Sądu Najwyższego, w którym ustalono nowe wskazania dotyczące podstawy odpowiedzialności członka zarządu. Zgodnie z tym orzeczeniem syndyk może żądać naprawienia szkody w ramach odpowiedzialności kontraktowej przez dochodzenie roszczenia przewidzianego w art. 293 Kodeksu spółek handlowych. Wniosek ten istotnie różni się od przyjętego wcześniej stanowiska. Dotychczas bowiem sądy uznawały, że syndyk, jako osoba trzecia, może żądać odszkodowania tylko w ramach odpowiedzialności deliktowej. Rozważania w omawianym wyroku skupiają na kwestii uchwały wspólników niezbędnej do żądania odszkodowania. Niemniej pogłębiona analiza tego orzeczenia ujawnia dalej idące konsekwencje tego rozstrzygnięcia. W glosie podnosi się w szczególności, że nowe wskazania mogą oddziaływać na klasę zachowań powodujących powstanie odpowiedzialności członka zarządu, a także wpływać na termin przedawnienia.
Prevalence of peripheral arterial disease among patients with acute coronary syndrome, a sample of Iraqi patients in Al-Yarmook Teaching Hospital 2016
Authors: Altaei Osama A. , Al-Sharifi Abbass N.
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: A significant proportion of patients with ischemic heart disease have been associated with peripheral arterial disease, yet it is still underestimated by our health system as many of patients are asymptomatic and this condition remains under diagnosed and therefore undertreated.
Objective: To study prevalence of peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs in patient with acute coronary syndrome and its association with certain risk factors.
Method: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in the coronary care unit at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital from the 1st of January 2016 to the 1st of November 2016 where hundred and fifty (150) patients enrolled to the coronary care unit with approved acute coronary syndrome, had been evaluated for peripheral arterial disease by assessing Demographic, risk factors and clinical features of the patients, including age groups, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, dyslipidemia, family history. of coronary artery disease, previous history of cerebrovascular accident, body mass index, leg pain, measurement of ankle brachial index using hand held continuous wave Doppler device.
Results: in 150 acute coronary syndrome patients were included male were (70.7%) , peripheral arterial disease was found in 31.2% through measuring ankle brachial index, 51% of those patients were asymptomatic and 29.8% with atypical leg pain and 12.8% with intermittent leg pain and 6.4% had pain at rest. And ankle brachial index in the 150 patients with acute coronary syndrome were 68.8% normal (ankle brachial index =1.4-0.91) and 21.3% (ankle brachial index =0.9-0.71) and 7.3 %( ankle brachial index =0.69-0.41) and 2.6% (ankle brachial index ≤0.40). 
Factors independently related to peripheral arterial disease were old age (>60 years) which constitutes 51% and p value was 0.013, and smoking which constitutes 46.8% and P value was 0.04, and dyslipidemia which constitutes 74% and P value was 0.03, and finally previous history of cerebrovascular accident which constitutes 21.2% and P value was 0.0018.
Conclusion: The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome is considerable and significant, the majority of patients were asymptomatic, it is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Factors like aging, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, previous history of cerebrovascular accident, and dyslipidemia were strong predictors of peripheral arterial disease.
 
Key word: peripheral arterial disease , acute coronary syndrome, hypertension, diabetes mellitus.
A Comparative Study of Colorectal Cancer Based on Patient’s Age
Authors: Dhahir Nasir K. , Noaman Aqeel Abbas
Published: August 2021

Abstract:
Background: The alteration of bowel habits, bleeding per-rectum and anemia were common features in both groups in this study, but in young patients there was a delay of 6 months between the presenting symptoms and the definitive diagnosis because the disease was not suspected and investigated in them. The most common site for the tumors in young patients was the rectum and in patients above the age of 40 years was the Sigmoid.
The pathological finding showed that classification of the colorectal tumors in young patients appear moderately to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma , this indicate a more malignant course of the disease in young patients.
This study send a message to all clinicians that the incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing in young patients and therefore we should be alert when dealing with young patients presenting with abdominal pain, bleeding per-rectum and alteration of bowel habit to diagnose the disease at an early stage to undertake curative surgery .
Aim of the study: To study the clinical coarse of colorectal cancer in age between (less than 40 to above 40), and the most frequent site and distribution, and the types of surgical intervention.
Patients and methods: In the period between January 2012 to March 2013, 35 patients with colorectal cancer were treated at Al-Yarmouk Hospital,10 patients were below the age of 40 years ,( 5 Males and 5 Females ) with age ranging from 22-40 years , 25 patients were above the age of 40 years (12 males and13 females).
Results:100% of patients less than 40 years presenting as anemia and 50% bleeding per rectum, while 88% of patients above 40 years with weakness and lethargy.30% of patients less 40years age, and 36% of patients above 40 years consider as an emergency cases, and others as elective cases. Surgical treatment involving 50% of patients less than 40 are right, left hemicolectomy and anterior resection, and in age of above 40 56% by left hemicolectomy. More common stages in young patents are  C and B  but in old  A ,B , C.
Recommendations: Researchers recommend periodic screening by a doctor to diagnose the tumor early with the need to develop educational programs on early signs of colorectal cancer.
Scabies outbreaks during 2019 in Al- Daseem, Al-Rusafa-Baghdad: A retrospective study
Authors: Abdul Razzaq Bashar A. , Hassan Tuka Y.
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Scabies is a skin infestation by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite. Scabies is transmitted through close personal contact. Settings like hospitals, prisons and childcare centers are at greater risk of outbreaks. Both male and female may be infected with scabies in any age groups. It is common in tropical climate countries poor people who live in rural areas and among displaced patients. It rises significantly among low economic status because skin diseases are significantly associated with a higher crowding index.
Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of scabies in Al- Daseem region and identify factors associated with an increased risk of scabies among patients.
 
Methodology: A retrospective cross sectional study was carried out about scabies outbreak in Al- Daseem area which located at Al-Rusafa side in Baghdad during 2019. Basic data were obtained from records of communicable disease section/public health director / Al-Rusafa health directorate. All registered cases during 2019 were included in the study, and then data computerized and analyzed using SPSS version 23 using frequency tables for the selected variables under study. Participants represented by students of Ali Al Wardi School (the only school in Al Daseem area) and from people live in this area (20% of them selected randomly). Data included socio-demographic information (age, sex, family member, and treatment). The diagnosis of scabies was based on their typical history of (itching that worsens at night, the distribution of lesions, and a history of contact with other family member infected with scabies).
 
Results: A total of 11363 participants information were obtained from database, 6473were male and 4873 were female. There were 746 (6.6% of total) participants infected with scabies of them, there were 457 (7%) male patients and 289 (5.9%) female patients. There was significant association between scabies and gender of patients, P=0.018.
According to the age groups of patients, there were 161 (6.4%) patients 6 years old, 337 (8.8%) patients within (7-12 years) age group, 82         (6.7%) patients within (13-19 years) age group, and there were 166 (4.3%) patients 20 years old. There was a significant difference between scabies and age group, p<0.001. Of the total patients, there were 622 (85%) patients had another family member infected with scabies. There was a significant association between patients and having another family member infected with it, P<0.001.
Conclusion: prevalence of scabies in Al-Daseem region was (6.6%). Scabies was dominant among male, age group of (7-12 years), and having other family member infected with scabies. 
 
Key words:  Scabies, Al-Desame, outbreak, mite, school.
Surgery of Eventration of the Diaphragm
Authors: Hussen Waleed M. , Mohammed Ahmed M. , Yuser Akeel S.
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Eventration of diaphragm is an abnormal elevation of the diaphragm. Publishing on eventration of diaphragm in Iraq is scarce.
Objective: This study was carried out to report on the Iraqi experience on eventration of diaphragm.
Methods: A total of 18 patients with eventration diaphragm were included in this study. A review of case records of patients with eventration diaphragm treated in Ibn Al-Nafees Teaching Hospital was done. Review of records took place for the period of March 2012 to Dec. 2017.
Results: The age of patients was ranged 5 months to 70 years, giving male to female ratio of 2:1. Dyspnea was dominating presenting symptoms followed by cough. The left hemidiaphragm was the most affected site (83.3%). The cause of eventration of diaphragm was idiopathic in 72.2% of patients. Chest X ray showed the elevation of the affected hemidiaphragm. CT scan demonstrated the thinned-out raised hemidiaphragm. The most common complications were atelectasis, and recurrent chest infection. Hospital stay was ranging 4-14 days.
Conclusion: Eventration of diaphragm is not uncommon in Iraq. Presentation, management, and complication are similar to that reported in global centers.  
Key words: 
Diaphragm. Eventration.  Plication. Surgical repair. Phrenic nerve injury
Identification of differences in accounting as a branch of scientific knowledge and practice: the basis of transformatinal shifts
Authors: Bardash Serhii , Kuzyk Nataliia
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the article is to prove the existence of essential differences between the elements of the accounting system as a science and practice and determine the elements of accounting theory to state the emergence of new theories and identify the development of accounting as a branch of scientific knowledge. Research methods. In the process of the study, methods inherent in modern philosophy of science were used: a dialectical approach (to reveal the essence of accounting as a branch of knowledge and practical activity) in combination with historiographic (in the study of the system of scientific knowledge in scientific circles on the variability of accounting theories) and comparative analytical methods (to determine the elements of the accounting system in scientific, theoretical and practical aspects, to build an integrated system, as well as to disclose the relationships between individual elements and its subsystems). Research results. The expediency of identifying the elements of the accounting system as scientific knowledge, as well as the elements of the accounting system as a type of practical activity has been substantiated and their essence has been clarified. It has been proved that the accounting theory can be recognized as new if there is an actual, and not an imaginary change in information requests, which will predetermine the emergence of new or new accounting concepts, as a result of which the accounting theory will be transformed. Scientific novelty. The theoretical provisions on the assessment of the general genesis of accounting as a system of scientific knowledge were further developed. The direction and argumentation of the controversy regarding its inevitable transformation gives grounds to assert that accounting science, like other accounting and analytical sciences, can have two or more theories. The fundamental foundations have been laid regarding the addition of an integrated accounting object, provides for further clarification of its purpose, the allocation of new tasks, principles, methods and techniques of accounting. Practical significance. The practical significance lies in determining the development trajectory of accounting as a branch of scientific knowledge and further using the system of new scientific knowledge to solve the problems of accounting practice. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 19.