bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adjunctive Use of Wide-Area Transepithelial Sampling-3D in Patients With Symptomatic Gastroesophageal Reflux Increases Detection of Barrett's Esophagus and Dysplasia
Authors: Shaheen Nicholas J. , Odze Robert D. , Singer Mendel E. , Salyers William J. , Srinivasan Sachin , Kaul Vivek , Trindade Arvind J. , Aravapalli Amit , Herman Robert D. , Smith Michael S. , McKinley Matthew J.
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Patients with gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) symptoms undergoing screening upper endoscopy for Barrett's esophagus (BE) frequently demonstrate columnar-lined epithelium, with forceps biopsies (FBs) failing to yield intestinal metaplasia (IM). Repeat endoscopy is then often necessary to confirm a BE diagnosis. The aim of this study was to assess the yield of IM leading to a diagnosis of BE by the addition of wide-area transepithelial sampling (WATS-3D) to FB in the screening of patients with GERD.

METHODS:

We performed a prospective registry study of patients with GERD undergoing screening upper endoscopy. Patients had both WATS-3D and FB. Patients were classified by their Z line appearance: regular, irregular (<1 cm columnar-lined epithelium), possible short-segment BE (1 to <3 cm), and possible long-segment BE (≥3 cm). Demographics, IM yield, and dysplasia yield were calculated. Adjunctive yield was defined as cases identified by WATS-3D not detected by FB, divided by cases detected by FB. Clinicians were asked if WATS-3D results affected patient management.

RESULTS:

Of 23,933 patients, 6,829 (28.5%) met endoscopic criteria for BE. Of these, 2,878 (42.1%) had IM identified by either FB or WATS-3D. Among patients fulfilling endoscopic criteria for BE, the adjunctive yield of WATS-3D was 76.5% and absolute yield was 18.1%. One thousand three hundred seventeen patients (19.3%) who fulfilled endoscopic BE criteria had IM detected solely by WATS-3D. Of 240 patients with dysplasia, 107 (44.6%) were found solely by WATS-3D. Among patients with positive WATS-3D but negative FB, the care plan changed in 90.7%.

DISCUSSION:

The addition of WATS-3D to FB in patients with GERD being screened for BE resulted in confirmation of BE in an additional one-fifth of patients. Furthermore, dysplasia diagnoses approximately doubled.
Isolated Celiac Artery Vasculitis Presenting as Ileus in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Ali Sareena , Doniparthi Meghana , Asado Nahren , Borgen Kristina , Shapiro Alan
Published: April 2024

There is a known association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and vasculitis, which can present with mesenteric ischemia or cutaneous manifestations. Infliximab, an anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) used to treat IBD, has been implicated as a potential culprit. We present a unique case of a patient with ulcerative colitis who developed isolated celiac artery vasculitis presenting with abdominal pain and ileus after decreasing his dosage of azathioprine. Vasculitis resolved with steroids and increasing azathioprine dosage, while continuing anti-TNF therapy, suggesting that anti-TNF agents are not the only cause of vasculitis in patients with IBD or that thiopurines may be protective.
Duodenocaval Fistula: Unmasking the Rare Culprit of Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Authors: Fiedler Alexandra , Dhindsa Banreet , Singh Shailender
Published: April 2024

Duodenocaval fistula is an extremely rare and life-threatening cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage and septicemia. Diagnosing this condition is challenging due to its nonspecific symptoms, leading to significant delays in diagnosis and contributing to its remarkably high mortality rate. We present a unique case of duodenocaval fistula associated with prior radiation, peptic ulcer disease, and antiangiogenic cancer therapy, nearly resulting in the death of a young patient.
Acontecimentos
Authors: Giannini Marcelo , Oliveira Dayane Carvalho Ramos Salles de , Rocha Mateus Garcia , Price Richard Bengt Thomas
Published: April 2024

Nos dias 30 e 31 de julho de 2018, um grupo de líderes de opinião (professores, pesquisadores e fabricantes) se reuniu na cidade de Oslo, Noruega. Essa reunião foi o sexto “International Symposium on Light Sources in Dentistry”, também chamado de “Northern Lights 2018”.
The nature, dimensions, causes and implications of in and out migration in North-East India
Authors: Patangia Arundhuti , Kar Bimal K.
Published: April 2024

This article analyses the patterns of inter-state migration (both inward and outward migration within the country) in India’s northeast states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura. While most of the previous studies of population migration in India were related to international migration, this article focuses on the analysis of trends and spatial variation of inter-state inward and outward migration and associated rural-urban and male-female differentials in the region. The analysis is primarily based on the Census of India data for 2001 and 2011, because the 2021 Census has not been yet conducted in the country.
Fruits of Japanese quince are a valuable commodity for the food and pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Berdiyev Mirtemir
Published: April 2024

The article presents analytical data on the medicinal content of the fruit of the Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) introduced to Shakhrisabz. Based on the study of its growth and development under the conditions of introduction, it was determined that it is promising for Shahrisabz, and it will produce a lot of goods in the new conditions.  It was concluded that it is possible to spread it to other regions of the region, as well as to enrich the food and pharmacopoeia industry with valuable raw materials, by developing a scientifically based technology of increasing fertility in new conditions.
Témoigner après des attentats : des identités collectives projectives qui oscillent entre repli local et élan national
Authors: Seoane Annabelle
Published: April 2024

This reflection will focus on a corpus of testimonies collected in Metz a few months after the terrorist attacks on November 13, 2015 in France. We will discuss how the media narratives of these attacks build an internalized representation of a national event among speakers who live 350 km away from the site of these attacks. It emerges a balance between cohesive momentum and local withdrawal, in particular through the involvement and the emotion of citizens. We will show that the distance Lorraine/Paris and its suburbs appears in a polarizing or unifying apprehension. Through the prism of the media consulted, an articulation occurs between projective collective identities and frozen identities of the past.
The de-legitimation of Machine Learning Algorithms (MLAs) in “The Social Dilemma” (2020): a post-digital cognitive-stylistic approach
Authors: Elyamany Nashwa
Published: April 2024

Released on Netflix, the most popular algorithm-oriented streaming service, The Social Dilemma (TSD) is a vivid manifestation of how the recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Algorithms (MLAs) have turned both to new species of post-digital, semio-cognitive power. Premised on the conception of MLAs as non-human intermediaries, this research endeavor proposes a novel post-digital ethnography of technologically-mediated algorithmic contexts and takes the challenge of examining MLAs as distributed, contested, and unbounded figures in the filmic narrative of this Netflix production. For the purpose, the paper employs post-digital cognitive-stylistic analytical tools, geared by van Leeuwen’s (de)-legitimation strategies, to showcase how MLAs, as socio-technical actors, are semio-cognitively materialized through spatio-temporal, narrative-immersive de-legitimating patterns. The examination of algorithms as socio-technical imaginary agents fully integrated within sociotechnical assemblages yields insightful findings. Delving deep into the multiple “posts” in the post-digital milieu of the film, the analysis affords valuable results that reframe, rename, and de-legitimate MLAs’ performative agency that is not only procedural-computational, but is socio-technical, semio-discursive, and cognitive-stylistic as well.
Cannabis effectiveness on immunologic potency of pulmonary contagion
Authors: Das Sumana , Ghosh Arya , Karmakar Varnita , Khawas Sourav , Vatsha Piyush , Roy Kishor Kumar , Behera Padma Charan
Published: April 2024

Respiratory illnesses and its repercussions are becoming more prevalent worldwide. It is necessary to research both innovative treatment and preventative techniques. Millions of confirmed cases and fatalities from the COVID-19 epidemic occurred over the previous two years. According to the review research, cannabinoids are a class of medicines that should be considered for the treatment of respiratory conditions. Cannabinoids and inhibitors of endocannabinoid degradation have illustrated advantageous anti-inflammatory, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary artery hypotension in numerous studies (in vitro and in vivo). It has been also noted that CB2 receptors on macrophages and T-helper cells may be particularly triggered to lower inflammation in COVID-19 patients. Since the majority of lung tissue contains cannabinoid receptors, cannabis can be an effective medical tool for treating COVID-19 as well as pulmonary infections. Notably, CB2 and CB1 receptors play a major role in immune system modulation and anti-inflammatory activities. In this review, we put forth the idea that cannabis might be helpful in treating pulmonary contagion brought on by viral integration, such as that caused by SARS-CoV-2, haemophilus influenza type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, influenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Also, a detailed overview of CB receptors, intricate mechanisms, is highlighted connecting link with COVID-19 viral structural modifications along with molecular basis of CB receptors in diminishing viral load in pulmonary disorders supported through evident literature studies. Further, futuristic evaluations on cannabis potency through novel formulation development focusing on in vivo/in vitro systems can produce promising results.
Utilization of graphene and rGO membranes for water and wastewater treatments
Authors: Chatterjee Debolina , Sivashanmugam Karthikeyan
Published: April 2024

Water and wastewater treatment is crucial to meet the global demand for clean drinking water and attaining environmental sustainability. Using graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) membranes for wastewater and water treatment is innovative in tackling water pollution and water scarcity worldwide. Graphene-based membranes have been proven advantageous and effective in water purification due to their unique qualities such as increased surface area, mechanical and thermal durability, adsorbability, and antifouling and antibacterial capabilities. This chapter discusses the synthesis of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide membranes and their hybrid derivatives. It also discusses their applicability and challenges in wastewater purification. Ongoing research is necessary to optimize these membranes, as challenges persist in the large-scale cost-effective production for widespread use in water treatment plants.
Geraniol and citral: recent developments in their anticancer credentials opening new vistas in complementary cancer therapy
Authors: Srivastava Gauri , Mukherjee Esha , Mittal Ruchika , Ganjewala Deepak
Published: April 2024

About 10 million people are diagnosed with cancer each year. Globally, it is the second leading cause of death after heart disease, and by 2035, the death toll could reach 14.6 million. Several drugs and treatments are available to treat cancer, but survival rates remain low. Many studies in recent years have shown that plant-derived monoterpenes, particularly geraniol and citral, are effective against various cancers, including breast, liver, melanoma, endometrial, colon, prostate, and skin cancers. This trend has opened new possibilities for the development of new therapeutics or adjuvants in the field of cancer therapy. These monoterpenes can improve the efficacy of chemotherapy by modulating many signaling molecules and pathways within tumors. Analysis of reports on the anticancer effects published in the past 5 years provided an overview of the most important results of these and related properties. Also, the molecular mechanisms by which they exert their anticancer effects in cell and animal studies have been explained. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the scope of geraniol and citral as complementary or alternative treatment options in cancer therapy.
Production and statistical optimization of invertase-free exoinulinase from Glutamicibacter arilaitensis using goat dung as ideal feedstock
Authors: Khusro Ameer , Aarti Chirom , Almutairi Mikhlid H. , Almutairi Bader O.
Published: April 2024

Inulinase is an inulin degrading enzyme that exhibits versatility in disparate bioresource and bioprocess industries. In this study, invertase-free exoinulinase was initially produced from Glutamicibacter arilaitensis strain ALA4 using diversified inexpensive substrates under solid state fermentation. Strain ALA4 revealed maximum production of inulinase using goat dung as quintessential feedstock. Inulinase activity of strain ALA4 was further optimized by one-factor-at-a-time method, followed by response surface methodology, which showed enhanced inulinase activity of 4678.34±34.67 U/g at 96 h using goat dung medium of pH 8.0 with 100% of moisture content. Furthermore, crude inulinase was not only thermo-alkali stable but also exhibited tolerance towards varied metal ions, organic solvents, surfactants, and inhibitors with satisfactory residual activities. Additionally, fructose produced due to the hydrolysis of inulin present in goat dung was analyzed by osazone and HPTLC tests which further confirmed exoinulinase nature of enzyme. In a nutshell, the study evidenced the first report on invertase-free exoinulinase production from G. arilaitensis using goat dung as proficient feedstock and demonstrated its quiescent applications in bioprocessing industries in future.
Delay-induced nutrient recycling in plankton system: Application to Sundarban mangrove wetland
Authors: Singh Ravikant , Ojha Archana , Thakur Nilesh Kumar , Upadhyay Ranjit Kumar
Published: April 2024

The paper discusses the nutrient–plankton system with effect of time delay in nutrient recycling and toxin determined function response (TDFR). The designed model system explores the delay-induced system dynamics. We present the local stability analysis of interior equilibrium points in absence as well as in presence of time delay. Further, the direction of Hopf bifurcation is obtained. We perform the numerical computation and observe that time delay in nutrient recycling can generate the periodic solution in a stable nutrient–plankton system. Some other essential parameters, such as input concentration of nutrients and natural removal rate of nutrients, also regulate the dynamical system. The system shows Hopf and double-Hopf bifurcation in the presence of time delay. Our study shows that the delay in the nutrient recycling causes instability transition phenomenon. The delay-induced nutrient recycling and different input concentrations of nutrients can regulate the estuarine system. Finally, the stability switching is observed for delayed system.
A study of nonlinear fractional-order biochemical reaction model and numerical simulations
Authors: Radhakrishnan Bheeman , Chandru Paramasivam , Nieto Juan J.
Published: April 2024

This article depicts an approximate solution of systems of nonlinear fractional biochemical reactions for the Michaelis–Menten enzyme kinetic model arising from the enzymatic reaction process. This present work is concerned with fundamental enzyme kinetics, utilised to assess the efficacy of powerful mathematical approaches such as the homotopy perturbation method (HPM), homotopy analysis method (HAM), and homotopy analysis transform method (HATM) to get the approximate solutions of the biochemical reaction model with time-fractional derivatives. The Caputo-type fractional derivatives are explored. The proposed method is implemented to formulate a fractional differential biochemical reaction model to obtain approximate results subject to various settings of the fractional parameters with statistical validation at different stages. The comparison results reveal the complexity of the enzyme process and obtain approximate solutions to the nonlinear fractional differential biochemical reaction model.
Lactic Acid Level as A Predictor of Severity in Patients with Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Aditya Raka , Rudiman Reno , Hapsari Putie
Published: April 2024

Perforated appendicitis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality of all appendicitis cases in adults and children, with delayed preoperative diagnosis as the main reason. In previous studies, diagnostic modalities such as radiological examination and the current scoring system have been demonstrated as unable to predict the onset of perforated appendicitis. Serological biomarkers of lactic acid are associated with intestinal obstruction and ischemia. The serological value of lactic acid in identifying perforated appendicitis compared to acute one was shown to increase significantly by 0.25 mmol/L (p<0.05) in a previous study. This study aimed to determine the correlation between lactic acid and the severity of appendicitis. This was a cross-sectional prospective analytic observational study in patients treated in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. Subjects were adult patients diagnosed with appendicitis during the period of 2021 in the Emergency Room of the hospital. Data were analyzed using the bivariate analysis and correlation test of difference. This study involved 54 subjects, divided into the complicated appendicitis (study) and control groups, with a mean of lactic acid level of 2,5093 mmol/L (0.9 mmol/L–11.8 mmol/L). In the complicated appendicitis group, 20 subjects (37%) demonstrated an increase in lactic acid level (OR 1.07; 95% CI: -0.03–0.22; p=0.14). The correlation analysis resulted in a negative correlation. This study concluded that there is no significant correlation between lactic acid levels and the severity of appendicitis in these patients.
Predictive Factors of Amputation for Post-Bypass Surgery on Vascular Trauma Patients
Authors: Kusworo Afila Reza , Soebroto Heroe , Suroto Heri
Published: April 2024

n Indonesia, most vascular trauma is linked to traffic collisions. According to the Statistics Indonesia (Badan Pusat Statistik, BPS), there were 116,411 accidents in 2019. Limb salvages become important in  vascular trauma, which is performed through, among others, vascular bypass surgery. However, secondary amputation still occurs after vascular bypass. This study aimed to determine the predictors of secondary amputation after vascular bypass due to vascular trauma. This study used descriptive analysis of medical records and univariate analysis. Medical records of patients with vascular trauma underwent vascular bypass in Dr Soetomo Regional Hospital, Indonesia, from January 2018 to December 2020 were collected. Independent variables were age, MESS, time interval between the incident of trauma to the first incision of bypass surgery, penetrating and blunt injury, injured arterial segment, multiple injuries, and obesity. The dependent variable was secondary amputation. Fisher Exact Test was used to analyze the correlation between dependent and independent variables. Results showed a significant difference between patients with a MESS score of >7 and those with a MESS score of  ≤7 (p=0.044), where more patients with a MESS score of >7 experienced secondary amputation. Other variables showed no significant difference (p>0.05). This study concluded that MESS could be used as a predictor of secondary amputation in vascular trauma after vascular bypass. Further studies using multivariate analysis and a larger sample need to be conducted to get further insights on this phenomenon.
Shallot (Allium cepa L.) Peel Infusion Ameliorates Kidney Histopathological Damages in Diazinon-Induced Wistar Rats
Authors: Bi’izzyk Avie Baldana , Helianti Dina , Wahyudi Septa Surya , Dewi Rosita
Published: April 2024

Diazinon, an organophosphate pesticide, is used extensively in agricultural sector. Consumption of agricultural products containing diazinon residue may lead to harmful health consequences. Among these is nephrotoxicity, which includes lipid peroxidation, that can damage the kidney. Flavonoids in shallot peel can scavenge free radicals, inhibit necrosis, and activate bone marrow-derived cells for cell regeneration. This study aimed to determine the correlation between shallot peel infusion (SPI) dose and kidney damage amelioration to establish the maximum effective dose of SPI to ameliorate kidney histopathological damage in diazinon-induced rats. This study was performed at the Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jember, Indonesia, in April 2021, on 35 rats that were divided into 7 groups—normal, diazinon, and five treatment groups. Diazinon 40 mg/kgBW was administered on day 1-7, while SPI 125, 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000 mg/kgBW were administered on day 8–14 according to the treatment group. Kidney histopathological slides with hematoxylin-eosin (H.E.) staining were assessed using Kocoglu scoring and Kidney damage scores of the treatment groups were analyzed using Pearson test. The maximum effective dose was determined using regression test. The damages found in diazinon-induced rats were tubular degeneration, necrosis, and inflammation with a higher damage score than normal rats (p<0.05). Pearson test showed moderate correlation (coefficient -0.594). Higher SPI doses presented lower kidney damage scores, with 1,359 mg/kgBW being the maximum effective dose. SPI dose and the kidney damage amelioration are moderately correlated with a SPI maximum effective dose to ameliorate kidney damage in diazinon-induced rats of 1,359 mg/kgBW.
OПТИМІЗАЦІЯ АНТИНАКИПНОЇ КОРЕКЦІЙНОЇ ОБРОБКИ ОРГАНІЧНИМ ФОСФОНАТОМ
Authors: Кузнєцов П. , Бєдункова О. , Ярощук О. , Прищепа А.
Published: April 2024

Вступ. Антинакипна корекційна обробка (АКО) є важливою складовою процесу експлуатації електростанцій, особливо у оборотних систем охолодження (ОСО). Обробка охолоджуючої води оксиетиледендифосфоновою кистотою (ОЕДФ) широко розповсюджена для АКО ОСО електростанцій, однак, для досягнення максимальної ефективності обробки, необхідно оптимізувати її використання.Проблематика. Ефективність використання реагентів для АКО визначається їхньою дозою, часом контакту, температурою та pH. Дозування ОЕДФ визначається на етапі проєктування електростанції та часто реалізується в дозуванні сталих концентрацій, не враховує подальші зміни технології і показників якості охолоджуючої води при експлуатації.Мета. Оптимізація використання та мінімізація скиду ОЕДФ у водні об’єкти при здійсненні АКО ОСО.Матеріали й методи. Об’єктом дослідження є ОСО Рівненської атомної електричної станції (РАЕС), застосовано методи стандартні методи хімічного контролю та статистичні методи.Результати. Здійснено аналіз даних багаторічного контролю й забезпечення водно-хімічного режиму та скидів ОСО РАЕС. Як критерій варіабельності дозування ОЕДФ прийнято вміст в охолоджуючій воді загальної жорсткості. За період варіабельного дозування спостерігається зниження 30 % від загальної кількості витрат ОЕДФ для обробки ОСО, зниження концентрації ОЕДФ у додатковій воді (з 0,410 до 0,204 ppm) та мінімізація потрапляння ОЕДФ до р. Стир зі зворотними водами (з 0,36 до 0,105 ppm) після скиду зворотної води РАЕС.Висновки. Для мінімізації використання та відповідного скиду у водні об’єкти, для АКО ОСО РАЕС впровадженомодель варіабельного дозування ОЕДФ. За період варіабельного дозування ОЕДФ, порівняно з дозуванням ОЕДФ у сталій концентрації, спостерігається зниження кількості використання ОЕДФ, із дотриманням її ефективності, зменшення концентрацій ОЕДФ у додатковій та зворотній охолоджуючій воді ОСО та мінімізація скидів ОЕДФ.
Geospatial applications as an integral component of wildlife monitoring in the Chor-nobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve
Authors: Melnychuk T. , Korepanova K. , Fedoniuk T. , Zymaroieva A.
Published: April 2024

The large area of the Chornobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve and the inaccessibility of some areas to the reserve's staff due to radioactive contamination make geospatial data collection methods a good alternative to traditional field sampling. The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness and limits of applying contemporary tools of data collection and biodiversity monitoring in the Chornobyl Reserve. We used hierarchical cluster analysis to compare how well different ways of collecting data worked by finding the distances between groups of species in the following samples: the Fauna questionnaire, the iNaturalist platform, monitoring of large mammals as part of the Polissia without Borders project, and low-resource mammal surveys using camera traps. Incorporating GIS data collection techniques into field studies or inventories in a reserve is undeniably a powerful additional source of biodiversity information. The iNaturalist platform provides reliable data on species richness as well as seasonal and topographic distribution, despite its limitations in terms of the relative abundance and structure of species communities. The data obtained with the help of the Fauna questionnaire adequately describes the situation with the relative abundance and spatial distribution of large and medium-sized mammals, approaching such an accurate method as photographic monitoring using photo traps. Increasing the quantity and quality of results is possible by expanding the competence of staff in using the questionnaire and training aimed at identifying species by indirect signs such as traces, burrows, gnawing marks, etc. Geostatistical tools are valuable for the efficient use of technology and resources for inventory identification and generation, uniformity in biodiversity data collection, and effective data dissemination.
Morphological and molecular characterization of root-knot nematodes from Uzbekistan
Authors: Mirzaev U. N. , Kuchboev A. E. , Mavlyanov O. , Amirov O. O. , Narzullayev S. B.
Published: April 2024

Plant-parasitic nematodes are of great economic importance as widespread harmful plant pests of the world. Among them, root-knot nematodes, especially species of the genus Meloidogyne, cause significant damage to agriculture. In this paper the species composition, morphological and molecular genetic characteristics of root-knot nematodes in vegetable crops of the Zarafshan Valley of Uzbekistan were studied. As a result of morphological studies, three species belonging to the genus Meloidogyne were found in Samarkand region of the Zarafshan Valley; these species were Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita and M. hapla identified by concentric lines in the anal-vulvar part of sexually mature female nematodes. The results show that the anal arch of M. javanica and M. hapla is low, and that of M. incognita is high. In order to additionally characterize the species of the discovered root-knot nematodes, we carried out their molecular identification. However, nucleotide sequence analysis in the 5S–ITS2 region of rDNA showed no differences between M. javanica and M. incognita, the overall difference being to 0.6%. These data indicate that both these taxa belong to the one species based on 5S–ITS2 region, but this datum should be supplemented by additional research with other genes. The sequence differences between the species M. javanica or M. incognita with species M. hapla amounted to 23%. Species analysis based on the analysis of morphological and molecular genetic indicators of root-knot nematodes is important because it was conducted for the first time in Central Asia. The studies conducted indicate that M. hapla, M. javanica and M. incognita are common on tomato farms in Payaryk, Akdarya and Jambay districts of Samarkand region of Uzbekistan.
Chapter 2. INFORMATION COMPONENT OF THE WORK OF DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS IN THE INFORMATION AGE
Authors: HRACHEVSKA Tamila
Published: April 2024

The role of diplomatic missions in the process of collecting, analysing and disseminating information was analysed. Particular attention was paid to the reasons and factors that radically changed the approaches and principles of information management by diplomatic missions in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The legal framework (international and national) for the implementation of the information function by diplomatic missions has been established. It is found that in order to optimise the information function, diplomatic missions actively use the latest information and communication technologies.  The author focuses on the forms of diplomatic missions' activities in which the information component plays an important role. The leading principles of organisation of information and analytical work in diplomatic missions are considered.  The author describes the types of information and reference documents prepared by the staff of diplomatic missions.  The author highlights the peculiarities of working with citizens' appeals and information requests, which is an important component of the work of diplomatic missions in modern conditions. The main forms and tools of outreach work of diplomatic missions in the countries of their residence are outlined.
CHAPTER 4. INFORMATIONAL LOBBYING AS MARKETING METHOD OF ORGANIZING POLITICAL DISCOURSE
Authors: KRYVOSHEIN Vitaliy
Published: April 2024

The phenomenon of lobbying is considered as a mechanism for representing group interests, a system and practice of realizing the social interests of various groups, unions and associations of citizens, as well as business groups and corporations, which act through purposeful influence on the legislative power and state administrative structures. The informational and communicative essence of lobbying is revealed, and informational lobbying is singled out as a specific type of lobbying activity in the conditions of a post-industrial society. Information lobbying is defined as a method of information support for the activities of certain interest groups, structures operating in the sphere of decision-making by state authorities and local governments, and a special way of forming and supporting communications, which has specific features, principles and norms of information exchange and reproduction of political contacts, communication channels and other components. It is proven that the communicative nature of information lobbying allows its subjects to organize political discourse. In general, it is appropriate to define information lobbying as a form of marketing communications, which is a specific result of the development of political markets in the conditions of developed representative democracy, when the owners of large public resources begin to play a special political role. Like any type of marketing communications, information lobbying is focused on establishing two-way relations and forming feedback between the communicator and the recipient. A special direction of information lobbying is international lobbying activity, which is interpreted as the interaction of legal entities or individuals with state power structures and management institutions that are formed at the global level, in order to influence the development and decision-making by them in their own interests or in the interests of specific clients.
Chapter 6. LEGITIMACY IN INTERNATIONAL LAW: SUBSTANTIVE AND COMMUNICATIVE DIMENSIONS
Authors: Vysotskyi Oleksandr
Published: April 2024

The study examines the multifaceted nature of legitimacy in the context of international law, elucidating its paramount importance for the law's authority and its pervasive influence on the applicability of legal norms globally. The pressing relevance of this inquiry emerges from the challenges posed by the application of international law in complex scenarios such as military interventions and global governance, which necessitate a refined comprehension of legitimacy's contours. The research's objective is to dissect the essence, theoretical frameworks, and practical dimensions of legitimacy, thereby elucidating its pivotal role and manifestations within the international legal order. The principal findings underscore that legitimacy in international law transcends mere legal validity, embedding itself within a broader ethical and communicative framework that demands consideration of justice, human rights, and international peace and security. Legitimacy is found to be inherently dynamic, shaped significantly by the interactive processes among global actors and the consensus within the international interpretative community on ethical and legal standards. The study highlights the crucial role of narrative and argumentation in legitimizing or delegitimizing actions under international law, illustrating how perceptions of legitimacy can evolve and influence international legal practices and decisions. The nuanced understanding of legitimacy gleaned from this research contributes to a more precise conceptualization of its role, emphasizing its indispensable function in guiding the application of international law, enhancing global governance, and promoting a more equitable and just international order.
CHAPTER 9. INFORMATION SECURITY IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE SECURITY COMPLEX
Authors: STAVCHENKO Sergiy
Published: April 2024

The essence of the security complex is revealed. Approaches to understanding the essence of information security are determined, in particular, as a state of security, as a type of public information legal relations, the direction of information relations within the limits of information legislation, the state of information (information environment of society, information development). The informational component of national security is considered. The institutional landscape of information security is described, which includes supranational international bodies and institutions and transnational corporations, states and their governments, business entities and financial and industrial groups, political parties and civil society organizations, religious organizations, fundamentalist and terrorist groups, individual politicians and public figures, journalists and publicists, bloggers and other persons who collect, process, perceive, store, transform and distribute information through any of the available communication channels. The directions of ensuring information security in modern Ukraine are characterized. The role of information security in ensuring the integrity of the national information space of Ukraine is revealed. It has been proven that with the help of modern information security technologies, it becomes possible to minimize the impact of various threats and risks on the functioning of the information space at the global / regional, national / local levels.
Altitudinal movements of four montane passerines in Hungary
Authors: Bozó László , Csörgő Tibor
Published: April 2024

There are no high mountains in Hungary, but in winter several montane species visit from the Alps and the Carpathians. Here, we used data from an internet database and a detailed literature review to investigate the spatial and temporal occurrence of four altitudinal migrant species in Hungary. Two of these species, Wallcreeper and Alpine Accentor, nest only in the Alps and Carpathians, while White-throated Dipper and Grey Wagtail breed in the mountainous areas of Hungary as well. The first individuals of Wallcreepers typically arrive in early October, but some birds migrate further south. In spring, it is considered rare in early April and exceptionally rare later on. The Alpine Accentor occurs in Hungary in a similar period as the Wallcreeper, but the birds do not leave the mountaineous areas in winter. Both species are found in anthropogenic environments, but the Wallcreeper is more often found on urban buildings and in lowlands. The White-throated Dipper has been recorded for a total of 10 times in lower regions during the coldest winter months, perhaps driven by the freezing of mountain streams. The Grey Wagtail is most often found in lowlands in mid-March and in September–October. It is typically found along rivers, and often overwinters along thermal waters.
The Influence of Artificial Intelligence on Cybersecurity
Authors: Kashyap Suman
Published: April 2024

As the digital landscape continues to evolve, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into various sectors has become increasingly prevalent. One significant area where AI is exerting a profound impact is data system security. This paper explores the multifaceted influence of AI on enhancing the security measures employed to safeguard sensitive data within diverse technological environments. The first section elucidates how AI technologies, particularly machine learning algorithms, empower security systems to adapt dynamically to emerging threats. By analyzing vast datasets in real-time, AI-driven security solutions can identify anomalous patterns and potential vulnerabilities, enabling proactive threat mitigation and rapid response capabilities. Furthermore, the paper discusses the role of AI in automating routine security tasks, thereby alleviating the burden on human operators and reducing the likelihood of human error. Through intelligent automation, AI streamlines security operations, enhances efficiency, and enables organizations to allocate resources more effectively to address sophisticated cyber threats. Moreover, the utilization of AI for predictive analytics is explored, highlighting its ability to forecast potential security breaches based on historical data and emerging trends. By leveraging predictive insights, organizations can preemptively fortify their defenses, preempting cyberattacks before they occur and minimizing potential damages. Additionally, the paper examines the ethical considerations inherent in AI-driven security systems, emphasizing the importance of transparency, accountability, and bias mitigation. While AI holds immense potential for bolstering data system security, ethical dilemmas such as privacy infringements and discriminatory practices necessitate careful scrutiny and regulatory oversight. Lastly, the paper outlines future directions and challenges in leveraging AI for data system security, including the need for continued research and development to enhance the robustness and reliability of AI algorithms, as well as the imperative for collaboration between industry stakeholders, policymakers, and cybersecurity experts to navigate the evolving threat landscape effectively. As the digital landscape continues to evolve, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly imperative in fortifying security measures across various domains. This abstract delves into the multifaceted role of AI in bolstering security, encompassing its applications in threat detection, anomaly recognition, and decisionmaking processes. In conclusion, this paper underscores the transformative impact of AI on data system security, illuminating its capacity to revolutionize threat detection, mitigation, and response strategies. By harnessing the power of AI-driven technologies responsibly and ethically, organizations can fortify their defenses against an increasingly sophisticated array of cyber threats, thereby safeguarding critical data assets and preserving trust in digital ecosystems.
Comparative Analysis of Supervised and Unsupervised Learning Methods for Pattern Classification
Authors: Sahu Ranu , Choubey Khushboo
Published: April 2024

In the higher learning system, this article compares and contrasts supervised and unsupervised learning approaches to see which is more effective for classifying patterns. Among the most significant uses of machine learning algorithms is classification. Our research shows that, although the supervised learning algorithm, Backpropagation learning with errors, does a great deal of nonlinear real-time assignments, the unsupervised learning algorithm, Kohonen Self-Organizing Map (KSOM), performs very well in our study's classification tasks.
Machine Learning in Healthcare: A Deep Dive into Classification, Limitations, Prospects, And Hurdles
Authors: Anjum Gulafsha , Thakre Neha , Soni Kuldeep
Published: April 2024

Recently, a range of advanced techniques, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, have been used to analyse health-related data. Machine learning applications are helping medical practitioners become more proficient in diagnosing and treating patients. Numerous academics have used medical data to find trends and diagnose illnesses. There aren't many papers in the literature right now that discuss using machine learning algorithms to increase the efficiency and accuracy of healthcare data. We investigated how well time series healthcare parameters for heart rate data transfer (accuracy and efficiency) may be enhanced using machine learning methods. We explored a number of machine learning techniques for use in healthcare applications in this research. Following a thorough introduction and analysis of supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms.
Applying Machine Learning Frameworks to Analyze Large Amounts of Data from IOT Networks in Order to Improve the Efficiency of Cloud Computing Applications: A Review
Authors: Tiwari Shivam , Vishwakarma Abhishek
Published: April 2024

Next-generation cloud computing designs emerged as a response to shortcomings of trend cloud computing concepts. Shallow intelligent algorithms are unable to handle the massive volumes of data produced by the developing cloud computing infrastructures. Researchers have lately begun to pay close attention to “deep learning algorithms” because of their capacity to handle large-scale datasets and use them to address issues in newly developed cloud computing systems. On the other hand, there is currently no thorough literature study available on the application of “deep learning architectures in cloud computing” system development to address challenging issues. We carried out a broad writing review on the uses of “deep learning” architectures in cutting-edge “cloud computing” systems in order to close this gap. There are ramifications for data generation with the new “cloud computing” systems. The massive amounts of data produced by the new paradigms are known as "big data." There's a chance that the data generated won't get the chance to be examined to find out fresh information.
Study On Evolution in Image Processing Using Deep Learning
Authors: Thakre Neha , Pateriya Nidhi , Soni Kuldeep
Published: April 2024

The amount of data we create and use is going to be huge, around 180 zettabytes by 2025, causing big challenges for companies and society. The data is not only getting bigger but also more complicated, making it harder to understand and process. In the last 20 years, tools for studying this data, called data science tools, have become really popular because they are good at handling complex information with high accuracy. Dealing with pictures is even tougher because as pictures get better, there's more data to handle. While traditional ways of teaching computers (machine learning) are still used a lot, scientists are excited about new ways using artificial intelligence (AI), especially neural networks, to understand and work with images. Our study looked at how AI is getting better and how we can make it work even more efficiently with pictures. Even though we've made progress, there are still many challenges ahead. We talk about the recent improvements and suggest what future research could look like in this rapidly changing field.
HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS NEWLY EXCAVATED AT KARANAYEVSKY KURGAN CEMETERY OF THE SRUBNAYA CULTURE
Authors: Karapetian Marina , Kufterin Vladimir , Chaplygin Mikhail
Published: April 2024

Introduction. This paper presents results of an anthropological and paleopathological studies of newly excavated materials from the Karanayevsky cemetery located in the Southwestern Bashkortostan and attributed to Srubnaya culture. The goal of this study was to introduce new data from kurgan 2, as well as to compare this sample with the samples from other Karanayevsky kurgans, and with synchronous population characteristics of the region. Discussion involves skeletal material from 12 individual burials (nine children and three adults). Methods. Sex, age and the state of preservation/completeness of the remains were assessed. We performed a morphometric study, an analysis of dental morphology, description of pathologies and individual characteristics, taking into consideration the recommendations in the specific literature. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to test for the relationship between skeletal preservation, sex, age, and grave construction. A single cranium from the kurgan was compared with the pooled samples from the region using Heincke’s method. The Fisher’s exact test was used to assess the possible statistical differences in frequencies of dental non-metric traits between the Karanayevsky kurgan 2 sample and the pooled Srubnaya samples of the Pre-Urals. Analysis. The skeleton preservation appears to be related to the age of the buried, but to a greater extent varies depending on the depth of the grave. The female skull from kurgan 2 shows characteristics of European ancestry and has mesomorphic morphology with a medium or slightly weakened horizontal and vertical profiling. It shows similarity to the pooled Srubnaya craniological series from the forest-steppe subareas. The dental morphology observed in the sample corresponds to the archaic gracile variant of European ancestry. Osteometric data characterize adult individuals as representatives of the mesomorphic, moderately massive group with reduced or medium limb length. Like in other groups of the region, the sample is defined by the predominance of dental calculus and dental chips, some markers of physiological and mechanical stress and the absence of indicators of specific infections. Results. In general, the Karanayevsky kurgan 2 skeletal sample corresponds to the characteristics of other Karanaevsky cemetery samples, and is consistent with the results on the synchronous sites of the Pre-Urals and Trans-Urals.