bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Illuminating Exercise in Digital Signal Compression
Authors: Cain G. D. , Chen H. B. , Kale I. , Yardim A.
Published: July 2017

An illuminating exercise in digital signal compression

Discrete convolution often leads to a sequence which has greater duration than either of the two participating sequences, sometimes lending the incorrect impression that such spreading is inevitable. A signal compression counterexample, which illustrates the interplay between zero-insertion interpolation and pole-zero cancellation effects, is explored from several intuition-reinforcing standpoints.
Groups, Rings and Fields — A Primer Tutorial for Engineers
Authors: Laverty Seamus J. , Maguire Paul , Webb J. Alan C.
Published: July 2017

Groups, rings and fields — a primer tutorial for engineers

This paper describes a tutorial aimed at engendering an early enthusiasm for the subject of abstract algebra. It adopts a linear sequential circuit as the demonstrator hardware and shows the consistency of the algebra in underpinning more familiar analytical methods such as vector-matrix and Z-domain models.
Development of a 60-Channel Fdm-Tdm Transmultiplexer
Authors: Uriarte G. , Carrasco R. A.
Published: July 2017

Development of a 60-channel FDM-TDM transmultiplexer

The main objective of this paper is to describe and discuss the use of the Fast Hartley Transform (FHT) in the digital transmultiplexer (TMUX) design and implementation process. A 60 channel TMUX has been simulated using a reformulation of an algorithm including the FHT, which was programmed using the OCCAM2 language; performance and results of this approach are shown in this paper.
A Dynamometer for Individual Laboratory Workstations
Authors: Rynone William J.
Published: July 2017

A dynamometer for individual laboratory workstations

This article contains a description of an easy-to-use dynamometer that may be constructed at minimal cost in a college maintenance workshop.
A New Electrical Engineering Course Structure in The University of Melbourne
Authors: Aldeen M. , Forward K. E.
Published: July 2017

A new electrical engineering course structure in the University of Melbourne

At the University of Melbourne, Australia, a review of the Electrical and Electronic Engineering course structure has just been finalised and a new structure adopted. This paper describes the new course structure, analyses its goals, outlines its likely impact on the Australian industry, and finally discusses its perceived benefit to the community.
An Electromagnetics Cad Exercise for Undergraduates
Authors: Sitzia A.
Published: July 2017

An electromagnetics CAD exercise for undergraduates

This article presents a new electromagnetics CAD exercise for first-year undergraduates at UMIST, U.K. It introduces the use of finite-element software as a design tool for electromagnetic devices.
Experiences in Providing an Educational Consultancy in a Developing Country
Authors: Harris R. G.
Published: July 2017

Experiences in providing an educational consultancy in a developing country

This paper examines an educational consultancy in Nigeria. It describes areas such as the resources available, teaching methods, the role of the consultant and long term support. A brief checklist for those undertaking similar consultancies is also given.
Derivation of the Finite Element Energy Functional for Waveguides
Authors: Gibson A. A. P. , Tsitsos S.
Published: July 2017

Derivation of the finite element energy functional for waveguides

A practical approach to introducing variational finite elements to advanced microwave courses in electromagnetics is described. Using standard electromagnetic theory such as complex power flow and waveguide analysis an energy functional, based on the conservation of energy, is derived by applying the divergence theorem to the complex power flow equation.
Self-Diagnostic Digital Underfrequency Relay Coupled with a 3–Zone Distance Algorithm
Authors: Basha A. M.
Published: July 2017

Self-diagnostic digital underfrequency relay coupled with a 3–zone distance algorithm

The paper reports a digital underfrequency relay for shedding and restoration of loads in an electric power system coupled with a 3-zone distance algorithm for the protection of feeder lines. The relay incorporates self-diagnosing techniques for detecting failures. The prototype developed has been satisfactorily tested for its performance.
A Fiftieth Anniversary Celebration of The Ziegler–Nichols PID Controller
Authors: De Paor Annraoi M.
Published: July 2017

A fiftieth anniversary celebration of the Ziegler–Nichols PID controller

The Ziegler–Nichols PID controller tuning rules (November 1942) are addressed anew in the frequency domain. They are shown to guarantee asymptotic stability for processes considered, with a phase margin of about 25°. Refinements and interrelationship are explored.
An Academic-Industry Partnership: A Case Study of a Teaching Company
Authors: Price T. E. , Redford M.
Published: July 2017

An academic-industry partnership: a case study of a teaching company

Details of an academic-industry partnership scheme based on the Teaching Company scheme is presented here as a case study. The participants have been National Semiconductor and the University of Paisley. It has successfully brought together academia and industry to develop and transfer ideas and skills and to provide training for young graduates.
A Transputer Processing System Interface for The Evaluation of Digital Signal Processing Algorithms
Authors: Pointon C. T. , Carrasco R. A.
Published: July 2017

A transputer processing system interface for the evaluation of digital signal processing algorithms

The design and construction of a low-cost transputer processing system input/output (I/O) interface for the acquisition and retrieval of data, and its use in the evaluation of the computational performance characteristics of discrete convolution in the time domain, and fast convolution, using a non-look-up table fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm, is presented.
Introducing Undergraduate Students to The Use of Digital Signal Processors
Authors: Dahnoun N. , Schlindwein F. S.
Published: July 2017

Introducing undergraduate students to the use of digital signal processors

This article describes a procedure for teaching undergraduate students the implementation of digital signal processing algorithms (using the TMS320C25). Material used, description of the processor, examples and working assembly codes are presented.
Developing Computer-Aided Education in Electrical Engineering
Authors: Pudlowski Zenon J.
Published: July 2017

Developing computer-aided education in electrical engineering

This paper gives a comprehensive overview of the variety of research and developmental activities for computer-based education which is carried out in the Department of Electrical Engineering at The University of Sydney, particular emphasis being placed on the research and development of computer-based training programs for undergraduate electrical engineering students.
On Approximating Sums by Maximums and Vice Versa
Authors: Ozaktas Haldun M.
Published: July 2017

On approximating sums by maximums and vice versa

We discuss the approximation max (x, y) ≈ x + y for x, y > 0, which is found to be useful in obtaining simple and transparent approximate solutions and interpretations for analytically complicated problems.
The Fundamentals of Power Factor Correction
Authors: Hurley W. G.
Published: July 2017

The fundamentals of power factor correction

The fundamental issues of power factor analysis for non-sinusoidal waveforms are described. A full-wave rectifier circuit is analysed and original approximations are derived for voltage ripple, peak diode current and input power factor. A power factor correction technique, based on a switching mode power supply, is presented.
Introduction Au Contrôle Par Logique Floue
Authors: Vibet C.
Published: July 2017

An introduction to fuzzy logic control

The paper presents an introduction to fuzzy logic control through the pollution control problem of internal combustion engines. The fuzzy sets and variables are next defined and applied to design the controller of an inverted pendulum on a moving car. This example allows us also to illustrate the inference concept of triangular fuzzy functions which is based on the Min-Max Centre-of-gravity rule.
A Real-Time Digital Control Environment for Research and Development of Digital Controllers
Authors: Chen G. P. , Malik O. P. , Hancock G. C.
Published: July 2017

A real-time digital control environment for research and development of digital controllers

A real-time digital control environment, based on Intel iSBC386/21, to implement digital controllers is described. A human-machine interface package developed on a PC AT computer allows the operator to monitor the controller under development. Illustrative results for an adaptive power system stabilizer implemented and tested in this environment are given.
An Exercise for Teaching Transient Stability
Authors: Indulkar C. S.
Published: July 2017

An exercise for teaching transient stability

In this paper, the transient stability limits of a synchronous machine for various initial loadings have been determined in terms of its steady-state stability limit.
Current Feedback Operational Amplifiers: A Tutorial
Authors: Hart B. L.
Published: July 2017

Current feedback operational amplifiers: a tutorial

In a didactic approach, the amplifying properties of an inverter stage using a current feedback operational amplifier (COA) and one using a voltage feedback operational amplifier (VOA) are compared. Then, following a discussion of COA modelling, the frequency and transient responses of a COA non-inverter stage are analysed.
Using D Type Flip Flops in State Machine Design — An Alternative Approach
Authors: Minns P. D.
Published: July 2017

Using D type flip flops in state machine design

A simplified method of designing Finite State Machines (FSM) is described, which is suitable for students at undergraduate level. The method allows students to develop realistic FSM designs in a short time, without the usual need for much practical experience. The paper uses two simple examples to show how the method is applied.
The Effect that Minimum Mark Caveats Have on Borderline Students in Engineering Examinations
Authors: James C. , Hub D. R.
Published: July 2017

The effect that minimum mark caveats have on borderline students in engineering examinations

The case of students who obtain an average mark for a set of papers which lies on a borderline is considered with respect to minimum marks to be obtained in all papers. Data is presented to show that such caveats can be severe on the students, particularly when the assessment scheme is made up of a large number of papers.
The History of Technology: How it Can Enhance the Information Engineering Curriculum
Authors: Bissell Chris
Published: July 2017

The history of technology: how it can enhance the information engineering curriculum

It is argued, with reference to three case studies from the field of information engineering, that the history of technology has significant pedagogical potential for engineering education. Appropriate historical elements can give students a vital broader perspective, as well as improve the attractiveness of technology as a subject of study.
A Bandpass Active Filter for Fourier Analysis Laboratory
Authors: Joaquim Marcelo Basilio
Published: July 2017

A bandpass active filter for Fourier analysis laboratory

In this note is presented a modified bandpass state-variable active filter which exhibits constant gain, high-Q, where its tuning frequency can easily be varied. This circuit proves to be useful for experimental demonstration of the Fourier series in communications or signal analysis laboratories.
A Map of Electromagnetic Formulae
Authors: Glover I. A. , Sengupta N.
Published: July 2017

A map of electromagnetic formulae

A map of those equations most commonly encountered by undergraduate electrical engineering students is presented. The equations are arranged to show their principal logical relationships and also to illustrate the symmetry which exists between electric and magnetic quantities. Coding is used to distinguish fundamental experimental laws from definitions and equations of a less fundamental nature.
Topic-Driven and Project-Based Teaching for a Computer Image Processing Subject
Authors: Qiu B. , Shi H.
Published: July 2017

Topic-driven and project-based teaching for a computer image processing subject

A computer image processing subject as an honours year elective for an electrical and electronic engineering course was developed. Topic-driven and project-based teaching was adopted. The important issues of the area were organised into several topic units, and the students also complete a few practically-oriented projects as part of the subject.
A Versatile Stand-Alone Tester of Pc Expansion Cards Designed for Undergraduate Projects
Authors: Ipson S. S. , Van Haght N. O. , Booth W.
Published: July 2017

A versatile stand-alone tester of PC expansion cards designed for undergraduate projects

An inexpensive tester of PC expansion cards, providing safe hardware emulation of the PC, is described. The tester accommodates a variety of different applications by reprogramming an internal Altera EPLD to generate the test sequence required for each undergraduate or M.Sc. project.
Developing Curricula for Continuing Education in Energy Engineering and Management
Authors: Mielczarski W.
Published: July 2017

Developing curricula for continuing education in energy engineering and management

The paper presents two teaching initiatives in the development of continuing education in energy engineering and management. Development of two curricula for postgraduate study and a short course in energy engineering and management is discussed. Experiences in course introduction and course evaluation tests are presented.
Analysis of Some Physical Phenomena and Processes by Equivalent Electrical Circuits
Authors: Reljin Branimir , Ristić Slavica , Srećković Milesa
Published: July 2017

Analysis of some physical phenomena and processes by equivalent electrical circuits

Electric circuit analysis is a very powerful tool solving many complex problems. Consequently, most non-electrical problems can be efficiently resolved if they are modelled, first, by appropriate electric circuits. In this paper some physical phenomena (in thermodynamics, optics and dynamics of fluids) are chosen to illustrate the above statement. The modelling procedure exposed can also be extended to other problems in science.
An Instructional Power Systems Laboratory
Authors: Heydeman Jan
Published: July 2017

A real time analog power system simulator for research and teaching has been developed at Delft University of Technology. The simulator consists of 1 swing bus, 7 generators, 2 tap changing transformers, 9 dynamic loads, 12 lines and 12 busbars. Experiments on control of voltage and power-frequency and on steady-state and transient stability are shown.
Winrob: An Educational Program for Robotics
Authors: Machado J. A. Tenreiro , Galhano Alexandra M. S. F.
Published: July 2017

The paper presents a program for robotics education that runs on standard IBM-PCs under the Microsoft Windows environment. The WinRob package is designed for undergraduate students and emphasises the fundamental aspects of robot modelling and control. The software is self-explanatory and uses menus, dialog boxes and context-dependent on-line help.
Computer-Aided Testing of a Digital Phase Angle Meter
Authors: Narayanaswamy P. R. Iyer
Published: July 2017

This paper describes the computer aided testing of a digital phase angle meter which can be used for the measurement of phase angle in degrees between two 50 Hz a.c. signals, using the software package MICROCAP IV.
Electrical Engineering at the University of Asmara, Eritrea
Authors: Haysom Mal
Published: July 2017

The author attended the University of Asmara as an electrical engineering lecturer from January to July, 1997. This paper reviews Eritrean history leading to the re-establishment of the University in 1991 and describes the author's experience of the interaction of the teaching process with the local culture.
Quality Management Applied to Undergraduate Software Development Projects
Authors: Walker A. J.
Published: July 2017

This paper examines the educational impact of conducting advanced level software development projects within the framework of an ISO 9001 compliant quality management system. Project support practices and how these are deployed are reviewed. The impact of the application of these practices over a five-year period is examined.
Dynamics of Jumping Rings and Collars
Authors: Barry Noel
Published: July 2017

The dynamics of a jumping ring are calculated for an electromechanical launch structure which minimises the driving coil current. The dynamics of a collar are derived by assuming the collar to be a multiple ring structure. Range and nozzle velocity are calculated and compared with experimental results.
A Critique of Steinmetz Model as a Power Transformer Representation
Authors: Enright W. , Arrillaga J.
Published: July 2017

When teaching transformer theory it is essential to discuss the Steinmetz transformer model. This representation forms a basis for understanding most of the transformer's electrical behaviour. However, care must be exercised when explaining the shunt magnetising and scries leakage reactance components of the Steinmetz model. The Steinmetz shunt and series branches will accurately represent the mutual and leakage flux circuits respectively, of an iron core transformer. But for the air or partially cored transformer, this may not be the case.
Recent Advances in all-MDI Flexible Moulded Foam
Authors: Huygens E. , Leenslag F. W. , Murty V. S.
Published: July 2017

Since the large scale introduction of CFC-free MDI flexible foams in 1989, ICI Polyurethanes has continuously reduced the density of MDI flexible foam while maintaining or improving foam performance. The most recent MDI prepolymer based polyurethane systems make it possible to produce low density flexible foams in large and increasingly complex molds. The new technology displays very robust processing and can be used in conventional cold-cure as well as in typical hot-cure molds for seat cushions, seat backs, headrests and sound insulation applications. The inherent fast reactivity of MDI prepolymers leads to rapid cure and short cycle times, ideally suited for foam-in-fabric applications. In addition, the new systems require low levels of catalyst and other additives resulting in excellent fogging and emission performance. As seating cushions require high comfort performance, development efforts concentrated on foam with improved dynamic comfort. ICI's new prepolymer technology can yield foams with an enhanced height (i.e., H-point) and dynamic modulus retention under load, especially under hot and humid conditions.
Effects of Resin Rheology on the Extrusion Foaming Characteristics of PET
Authors: Xanthos M. , Zhang Q. , Dey S. K. , Li Y. , Yilmazer U. , O'Shea M.
Published: July 2017

Extrusion foaming by injection of inert gases (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon) in the polymer melt is increasingly finding applications for a wide variety of resins, competing with chemical blowing agents, volatile organic compounds or microcellular foaming. The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the resin affect its rheological characteristics (shear and elongational viscosity, melt elasticity, melt strength), its process characteristics and control cell size and stability of the resulting foam. In the present work, a variety of PET resins (including virgin materials, recycled and post-reactor modified) having different rheological characteristics were foamed by direct carbon dioxide injection and through the use of chemical blowing agents. Formability as related to density and cell size and distribution was evaluated and correlated with rheological characteristics of the particular resin, process conditions and type of blowing agent.
The Influence of Silicone Surfactants on the Dispersion and Reactivity of Water in Flexible Slabstock Polyurethane Foam
Authors: Stevens R. E. , Dado G. P. , Kimock M. J. , Listemann M. L.
Published: July 2017

In polyurethane foam formulations, the limited compatibility of water with polyol and isocyanate can lead to liquid-liquid dispersions, but the kinetic consequence of phase separation in these systems has been poorly understood. In the present study, the reagent compatibility and reactivity of model polyurethane formulations have been evaluated through a combination of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, chemical titration, and optical microscopy. Kinetic experiments have revealed that phase separation reduces substantially the rate of water/isocyanate reaction. Using a reactive polyurethane model system, blowing and gelling reaction profiles for catalysts with and without the presence of surfactant were obtained. Mass loss rate-of-rise experiments on actual foam with and without surfactant were also conducted. Water titration experiments have indicated that silicone surfactants can induce phase separation of water, but do not effect the ultimate water solubility limit in the model formulations. Although the surfactants improve dispersion of reagents in these systems, no increases in reaction rates are observed in either model systems or actual foams.
Impact Properties of Natural Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Foams
Authors: Bledzki Andrzej K. , Gassan Jochen , Zhang Wenyang
Published: July 2017

This paper deals with the impact behavior of natural fiber-reinforced epoxy foams. The effects of different types of fibers, fiber content and void content were discussed. It was found that the woven flax fiber results in composites with better impact strengths than the woven jute fiber based composites. The impact damage configuration and mechanism of these laminated composites were discussed. Impact properties such as loss energy and damping index were found to be almost linearly dependent on void content and impact energy. The loss energy and damping index were decreased with increasing fiber content under comparable void content and test conditions.
“Strategy” in the Spontaneous Utterence of Number Symbols
Authors: Thomas H. B. G.
Published: July 2017

This paper discusses the possible significance of different “strategies”, that is of different distribution functions, in the utterance of certain language units. Two samples of the utterance of numbers are analysed and found to exhibit a given strategy. The existence of such strategies has implications with respect to the capacity of the brain for handling both semantic and statistical information.
A Spectrographic Investigation of the Structural Status of Ueberlaenge in German Vowels
Authors: Hanhardt Arthur M. , Obrecht Dean H. , Babcock William R. , Delack John B.
Published: July 2017

An investigation was carried out concerning an alleged contrast in spoken German, between long and overlong vowels. Minimally biasing frames were created and exposed to a number of native speakers, eliciting members of various pairs in context. Detailed acoustical measurements were made and analysed.

Comparison of results indicates that the presence of a long/overlong contrast as a valid signal element is extremely doubtful. Numerous reversals occur, no definite pattern can be observed even in the speech of individuals, and such increments in length as do occur in some of the allegedly overlong items appear to be below threshold.
A Comparison of the Factorial Structure of Written Coding Patterns for a Middle-Class and a Working-Class Group
Authors: Poole Millicent E.
Published: July 2017

The present study was designed to compare the factorial structure of written coding patterns for a middle-class and a working-class group. Nineteen indices of written code elaboration were correlated for two groups of 40 subjects. The resulting correlation matrices yielded six factors (middle-class) and seven factors (working-class). Four common factors emerged—Syntax, Adverbial Elaboration, Personal Reference and Uncommon Linguistic Forms. The resulting factorial patterns did not support the Bernstein socio-linguistic thesis of greater complexity of coding elaboration for middle-class subjects.
Validating the Permutational Test of Grammaticality
Authors: Scott Robert Ian , Mills John A.
Published: July 2017

The permutational test of grammaticality employs the notion of a kernel sentence, defined as subject-verb-object-qualifier (SVOQ). Three experiments are reported leading to the following conclusions: (1) an index measuring progressive disruption of the kernel yielded Pearson r's of .65 to .84 with mean numbers of grammatical judgments of the 23 permutations of SVOQ. (2) When the index of disruption is relatively low subjects tend to reinterpret the meaning of a permutation and judge it as grammatical. The nature of the qualifier and its point of interpolation were the determining factors. (3) When the index is relatively high, word order alone predicts mean grammatical judgments. (4) The level of meaningfulness of the constituent words of a sentence exerts a moderating influence on effect (2).
"All-Purpose Responses" (APR) in Verbal Behaviour
Authors: Breznitz Shlomo
Published: July 2017

In the word-association paradigm a response given by a subject to two or more different stimuli was defined as an "all-purpose response" (APR) on the individual level. A response having" high-frequency of occurrence to two or more stimuli in word-association norms was defined as an APR on the normative level. The different APR's of a subject are grouped in his APR-class. On the basis of analysis of these concepts it was hypothesized that: (1) The availability of APR's to many different stimuli reduces their specific associative bonds, and (2) APR's are used when, because of undifferentiated response hierarchies, the word-association task is especially difficult for the individual. Both hypotheses were confirmed by the data. Some situational and linguistic factors determining APR's are discussed.
Evaluation Reactions of College Students to Dialect Differences in the English of Mexican-Americans
Authors: Arthur Bradford , Farrar Dorothee , Bradford George
Published: July 2017

The English of Los Angeles Mexican-Americans ranges from the local standard to Chicano English, a non-standard ethnic dialect. Speech approaching Chicano English was negatively stereotyped by Anglo-American university students on scales related to success, ability, and social awareness. Forty-eight UCLA students rated 4 pairs of matched guise voices on 15 semantic differential scales. Dialect differences consistently affected their rating. But raters also attended to non-dialect voice differences, especially for more standard English voices. In rating standard English, students used a different, more complex procedure for judging personality.
Some Acoustic and Physiological Observations on Diphthongs
Authors: Collier René , Bell-Berti Fredericka , Raphael Lawrence J.
Published: July 2017

This paper presents an analysis of some articulatory properties of (Dutch) diphthongs, attempting to correlate articulatory inferences based on perceptual and acoustic data with more direct physiological measurements (recordings of EMG activity). Evidence is presented that supports a distinction between "genuine" and "pseudo" diphthongs: the two classes appear to differ (1) in openness and advancement at their onsets and offsets, (2) in the harmony of tongue position between the beginning and ending configurations, and (3) possibly also in the number of articulatory gestures involved.
Fundamental Frequency and Discourse Structure
Authors: Menn Lise , Boyce Suzanne
Published: July 2017

The height of clause-peak fundamental frequency (normalized across speakers) was taken as the physical correlate of an observer's global impression of the relative pitch height of utterances embedded in a natural conversation. Normalized clause-peak fundamental frequency ( Fo) is shown to be a reflection (and is conjectured to be a signal) of discourse structure in a sample of over 1700 clauses taken from 16 laboratory-playroom parent-child conversations. The change in this parameter from the first to the second member of pairs of successive utterances was shown to be correlated with (nearly exhaustive) classification of these pairs into 11 discourse categories. Some of these categories are well recognized (e.g., Topic Change, Back-Channel, Wh-questions and their pragmatic equivalents) and others , were developed for this study (e.g., Aspect Change, Modulation Question, Consonant, Dissonant, Disagree). Overall, the discourse correlate of an increase in normalized clause-peak Fo from the first to the second member of a pair appears to be summarizable under the pragmatic rubric of "degree of disturbance in discourse flow" occasioned by the second member of the pair. These findings are expected to generalize to other conversational settings; however, we conjecture that in general the discourse information carried by pitch may sometimes be at variance with that carried by text, and propose that further work be experimental rather than observational. The relation between discourse and "affective" pitch use is examined and potential neurolinguistic applications of this research are discussed.
Do English-Learning Infants use Syllable Weight to Determine Stress?
Authors: Turk Alice E. , Jusczyk Peter W. , Gerken Louann
Published: July 2017

A linguistic factor governing the assignment of English lexical stress is syllable weight. Heavy syllables which have either a long (tense) vowel or are closed with a consonant are heavy and automatically bear stress. Are infants sensitive to this aspect of the English stress system? Previous research by Jusczyk, Cutler, and Redanz (1993) showed that nine-month-olds listened longer to words exhibiting Strong-Weak than Weak-Strong stress pattern. However, they did not investigate the role of syllable weight in this preference. A series of three experiments explored infants' preference for Strong-Weak versus Weak-Strong lists, but systematically manipulated the syllable weight of Strong syllables. The results suggest that syllable weight is not a necessary component of the Strong-Weak preference observed in previous studies. Rather it appears that infants prefer both words that begin with a Strong syllable and Strong syllables that are heavy. Thus, the results suggest that sensitivity to surface linguistic patterns and the principles that underlie them may be independent in early language acquisition.
Phonological Selectivity in the First Fifty Words of a Bilingual Child
Authors: Yavas Mehmet
Published: July 2017

This paper examines the phonology of the first 50-word period of a Portuguese-Turkish bilingual child (1;7–1;10), with specific reference to selection/avoidance patterns. Results reveal clear patterns of avoidance related to language-independent segmental restrictions (front rounded vowels, back high unrounded vowel, initial fricatives, laterals and consonant clusters), and in some cases, to word/syllable shapes. Results also show lack of synonymy in his productive lexicon and very little variability.
The Strength of Thermally Point-Bonded Nonwoven Fabric
Authors: Erel Sarhan , Warner Steven B.
Published: July 2017

A semi-empirical model is developed to predict the maximum achievable strength of a nonwoven fabric and to identify and scale the factors affecting that strength. The scope and accuracy of the model are limited by the assumptions made during its development, but they are shown to be quite reasonable. The results of the model calculations suggest that the practical potential strength of an ideal point-bonded nonwoven fabric is three to four times higher than the average tensile strength of the best available spunbonded fabric samples, and about one-third lower than the average strength of fiber samples. Weak fiber-bond interfaces, areal density variations, fiber property variations, and fiber curl or combinations of these and others factors may limit fabric strength. Of these four factors, the first two are the key ones that limit spunbonded fabric observed strength. Knowledge of the potential strength and the factors limiting strength may enable manufacturers to improve nonwoven strength.
Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Stainless Steel/Polyester Woven Fabrics
Authors: Cheng K. B. , Lee M. L. , Ramakrishna S. , Ueng T. H.
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a preliminary study of the development of stainless steel/polyester woven fabrics for electromagnetic shielding applications. To facilitate weaving of stainless steel wires and to reduce material costs, initially blended yarns of stainless steel and polyester staple fibers are produced by a ring spinning method, then woven into a variety of structures. Using a coaxial transmission set-up, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of these fabrics is determined in the frequency range of 300 kHz to 3 GHz. Variations of EMSE with the woven structures, number of layers, and blend ratio of stainless steel to polyester in the yarns are described. The new textile material may be suitable for shielding home electronics and electrical appliances from electromagnetic fields.
Reaction of Silk Fibroin with Diazomethane
Authors: Rutherford Henry A. , Patterson Wilbur I. , Harris Milton
Published: July 2017

The reactive groups in silk are intimately related to the absorp tion of moisture, acids, alkalies, or dyes, and to physical properties such as extensibility and tensile strength. A large proportion of these gorups are present in silk fibroin in the form of hydroxyl groups of the amino acid tyrosine. The latter groups are of special interest, partly because of their preponderance, but principally be cause there are divergent views as to whether they are free in the untreated fibres. As an approach to the problem it appeared ad visable to attempt to inactivate these groups by suitable chemical treatment and then to study the properties of the modified protein. Several methods have been tried for this purpose by different in vestigators but they were found to be too drastic, and generally resulted in severe physical deterioration of the fibre.

In the present investigation, the silk was treated with an ethereal solution of the methylating agent diazomethane. The treatment resulted in a rapid decrease in tyrosine content of the silk with no appreciable decrease in tensile strength of the fibres, and the results led to the conclusion that the hydroxyl groups of tyrosine are free in the untreated fibres. The total methoxyl con tent after treatment of the fibre for 25 hours or longer was greater than could be accounted for by assuming that only phenolic hy droxyl groups had reacted. The "extra" methoxyl was not on either the primary amino or the serine hydroxyl groups, but appears to have resulted from the reaction of diazomethane with groups, tentatively assumed to be carboxyl, to form the methyl esters.
Durable-Press Cotton by Wet Fixation
Authors: Colbran R. L. , Maitland C. C. , Roff W. J.
Published: July 2017

The development of both continuous and batch steaming techniques suitable for the wet fixation of full-width cloth is described. When resin-impregnated cloth in open width is passed through steam at atmospheric pressure, steaming times of 15 sec to 2 min lead to a good fabric performance; further prolongation of steaming results in lower recoveries but greater strength and abrasion resistance. When fabric is held in steam in rolled-up form, so that the escape of volatile products from the cloth during steaming is minimized, good wrinkle recovery is obtained even after 60-min steaming.

Other aspects of the process, such as the variation of impregnation conditions, the effect of partial drying immediately after impregnation, and the conditions of the final dry cure are also discussed. For comparable wrinkle recoveries and smoothness ratings, wet fixation gives fabrics with better strength and abrasion resistance than conventional pad-dry-press-cure with a DHDMEU-zinc nitrate system, the same amount of polyethylene lubricant being applied in both types of treatment.
Effect of Preswelling on Durable-Press Performance of Cotton
Authors: Gogek C. J. , Olds W. F. , Valko E. I. , Shanley E. S.
Published: July 2017

Treatment of cotton twill with liquid ammonia, followed by aqueous rinsing and drying left the fabric supple and soft. Pretreatment of cotton twill with liquid ammonia prior to cross-linking for durable press improved wash-wear rating and abrasion resistance. At the same time, it improved significantly the hand and reduced initial modulus of extension with improvement of resiliency.
A Conceptual Framework for Operationalizing the Relationship between Violence and Drug Market Stability
Authors: Brownstein Henry H. , Crimmins Susan M. , Spunt Barry J.
Published: July 2017

The existence of a relationship between violence and drug market operation and activity has been well established in the research literature. In recent years increasing attention has been given particularly to a hypothetical relationship between violence in a community and the relative stability of local drug markets. Unfortunately attempts to study this nexus have been hampered by an uncertainty in the literature about how to conceptualize the stability or instability of drug markets. In this paper, narrative data from interviews collected during a variety of studies of drugs and violence are used to conceptualize drug market stability. It is argued that any definition ofdrug market stability must consider both structural and interactional measures.
The Effects of Privatization of Alcohol Sales in Alberta on Suicide Mortality Rates
Authors: Zalcman Rosely Flam , Mann Robert E.
Published: July 2017

We examine the impact of privatization of retail sale of alcohol in Alberta, Canada, between 1985 and 1995 on mortality rates from suicide. Privatization took place in three stages: The opening of privately owned wine stores in 1985, the opening of privately owned cold beer stores and the selling of spirits and wine in hotels in the rural area in 1989–90, and finally privatization of all liquor stores in 1994. Interrupted time series analysis with Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) modeling was applied to male and female suicide rates to assess the impact of the three stages of privatization. The analyses demonstrated that most of the privatization events resulted in either temporary or permanent increases in suicide mortality rates. Other alcohol-related factors, including consumption levels and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) membership rates, also affected suicide mortality rates. These analyses suggest that privatization in Alberta has acted to increase suicide mortality rates in that province.
The Use of Economic Tools to Develop a Consensus on Alcohol Policies within and between Jurisdictions
Authors: Rinaldi Gustavo
Published: July 2017

Alcohol policies encounter major problems because of the lack of consensus within and between jurisdictions. Tools that economists have developed in other contexts may be of use in addressing these problems.

The consensus between neighboring jurisdictions can be facilitated when a jurisdiction with higher alcohol taxes and greater alcohol revenue offers to share part of that revenue with the neighbor with lower alcohol revenue and alcohol taxes. The final solution can result in both jurisdictions having larger revenues and in reduced alcohol consumption.

Decreasing support for alcohol curbing policies within some jurisdictions could probably be reversed if such tools as revenue neutrality of alcohol taxes, heavier taxation of heavy drinkers, introduction of minimum prices and substitution of low-quality drinks with high-quality food and drinks were to be employed, and if greater attention were given to the determinants of alcohol needs and, in particular, of “happiness.”
Determination of Cure State
Authors: Augood Derek R.
Published: July 2017

Methods for quickly determining the cure state of peroxidecured compounds used in dielectric cables are investigated. The properties measured as indicators of cure state include percentage heat distortion, percentage extractables, and percentage residual peroxide (PRP). High pressure differential scanning calorimetry seems to offer a promising method for measuring PRP, and might be applicable to process control and to other polymer systems cured using thermal initiators.
Effects of Spectrum, Background Noise, and Stimulation Rate on the Auditory Startle Reflex in Hyperbilirubinemic Rats
Authors: Lenhardt Martin L.
Published: July 2017

The sensory element of the acoustic startle reflex was studied in neonatal rats. Stimulus frequency, background noise, and stimulus presentation rate all affected the reflex. The performance of jaundiced rats with central auditory pathology is initially poorer than that of nonjaundiced rats but rapidly improves to the level of the controls, suggesting that the jaundiced rats may be a model for central auditory disturbances in humans. Startle reflex measurements give no indication that jaundiced rats surviving the testing period had neural hearing loss.
Reinnervation of Skeletal Muscle with a Neuromuscular Pedicle
Authors: Anonsen Cynthia K. , Patterson H. Clifton , Trachy Ronald E. , Gordon Albert M. , Cummings Charles W.
Published: July 2017

In the past decade the otolaryngologist has become interested in the problem of muscle reinnervation as it relates to laryngeal and facial paralysis. Although reinnervation by neuromuscular pedicle transfer has shown promising results in the laboratory and clinic, some investigators have had difficulty in achieving reliable results with this procedure. To further assess the technique's validity, we investigated the neuromuscular pedicle. This study utilized a strap muscle neuromuscular pedicle transfer to a contralateral strap muscle in the rabbit. The results were analyzed by the use of a number of independent measures, including electrical stimulation of the nerve, muscle contractibility, electromyography, enzyme histochemistry, reduced‐silver staining for normal fibers, and the retrograde transport of the enzyme marker horseradish peroxidase. The physiologic and anatomic results demonstrated that morphologic and functional reinnervation of the experimentally isolated muscle by the transferred neuromuscular pedicle occurred. The most convincing data were produced by gross electrical stimulation, twitch and tetanic contraction, and horseradish peroxidase labeling. Electromyographic activity and other histologic findings supported the above conclusions.
Diagnosis of Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Davis Paul J. , Davis Faith B.
Published: July 2017

Availability of immunoassays for specific regions of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) molecule allows discrimination with a high level of surety between primary hyperparathyroidism and tumoral hypercalcemic states associated with circulating PTH‐like substances. Assay for intact, N‐terminal PTH currently has the highest discriminant function. Prostaglandin‐dependent and osteoclast‐activating factor‐mediated hypercalcemic states associated with neoplasia have suppressed serum PTH levels. PTH‐like substances are detected by immunoassays, but in the intact, N‐terminal system they are seen as normal‐range or low values. The frequency with which any tumor produces only authentic PTH is very low. The serum chloride: phosphate ratio has limited clinical utility in distinguishing tumoral hypercalcemia from hyperparathyroid hypercalcemia, and measurements of nephrogenous cyclic AMP do not distinguish between the effects of circulating authentic PTH and PTH‐like substances elaborated by tumors. Additional measures that, In the future, may help to distinguish between parathyroid and tumoral hypercalcemias include quantitative bone biopsy histomorphometry and in vitro bioassays for PTH activity in the separate plasma fractions, obtained by gel filtration, in which PTH and PTH‐like substances are found.
Asymmetry of Vestibulo‐Ocular Reflex in the Cat
Authors: Anderson John H. , Liston Stephen L.
Published: July 2017

Vertical eye movements were recorded in alert, restrained cats that were subjected to whole‐body rotations which stimulated the vertical semicircular canals. The results showed a significant asymmetry between the upward and downward slow‐phase eye movements, which suggests differences in the CNS processing of vertical canal inputs vis‐à‐vis the vestibulo‐ocular reflex.
Tympanostomy Tubes for Prevention of Purulent Otitis Media
Authors: Söderberg Ove , Hellström Sten , Stenfors Lars‐Eric , Thore Magnus
Published: July 2017

A recently developed animal model was used to study the effect of tympanostomy tubes (TTs) on the spontaneous development of purulent otitis media. in 35 rats with soft‐palate clefts a TT was inserted into the right tympanic membrane. The left ear was left intact. Serous effusion occurred in the attic space within 2 days after surgery, whether or not the middle ear cavity (MEC) was artificially ventilated. Between days 7 and 21 the intact‐ear MEC was gradually filled with effusion material that turned purulent. Effusion material did not develop in the mesotympanum and hypotympanum of the intubated ears. Microbiologic examination of the effusion material showed a microflora similar to that in the nasopharynx. Ventilation through a TT reduced the number of colonized MECs (4 vs. 10) on day 21. In the individual culture‐positive MEC with a TT there were fewer colonies than in the corresponding ear without a TT. These results support the contention that a TT may prevent the development of purulent otitis media.
Classification of Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Middle Ear Effusion: Review of Forty‐Nine Cases
Authors: Neely J. Gail
Published: July 2017

This article presents a classification system of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid middle ear effusion to facilitate early diagnosis and lesion localization for surgical correction. Thirty‐eight articles containing case histories of 45 patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid middle ear effusion reported in the English literature from 1913 to 1983 were reviewed. Four additional personal cases, representing the largest single series, are described in detail. Classification of these cases into the following three types has been possible: (type I, abnormal connections through the otic capsule; type II, abnormal connections adjacent to the otic capsule; and type III, abnormal connections distant from the otic capsule. The diagnostic and therapeutic implications of each type are unique. Age, auditory and vestibular test results, and computerized or hypocycloldal tomography differentiate the three.
Coordinated Electrical Pacing of Vocal Cord Abductors in Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Paralysis
Authors: Otto Randal A. , Templer Jerry , Davis William , Homeyer David , Stroble Mark
Published: July 2017

Electrodes were placed into the posterior cricoarytenoid and diaphragmatic muscles of five tracheostomized dogs. With the use of a sensor that would selectively detect diaphragmatic electromyographic activity, this activity served as a trigger and was amplified and interfaced with a muscle stimulator attached to electrodes placed in the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles. In all animals obvious physiologic synchrony of vocal fold abduction and a reduction of the negative inspiratory intratracheal pressure were observed during electrical pacing. This represents a preliminary step in the development of an alternative approach to the patient with bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis.