bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brilacidin Demonstrates Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in Cell Culture
Authors: Bakovic Allison , Risner Kenneth , Bhalla Nishank , Alem Farhang , Chang Theresa L. , Weston Warren K. , Harness Jane A. , Narayanan Aarthi
Published: February 2021

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the newly emergent causative agent of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), has resulted in more than two million deaths worldwide since it was first detected in 2019. There is a critical global need for therapeutic intervention strategies that can be deployed to safely treat COVID-19 disease and reduce associated morbidity and mortality. Increasing evidence shows that both natural and synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also referred to as Host Defense Proteins/Peptides (HDPs), can inhibit SARS-CoV-2, paving the way for the potential clinical use of these molecules as therapeutic options. In this manuscript, we describe the potent antiviral activity exerted by brilacidin—a de novo designed synthetic small molecule that captures the biological properties of HDPs—on SARS-CoV-2 in a human lung cell line (Calu-3) and a monkey cell line (Vero). These data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 inhibition in these cell culture models is likely to be a result of the impact of brilacidin on viral entry and its disruption of viral integrity. Brilacidin demonstrated synergistic antiviral activity when combined with remdesivir. Collectively, our data demonstrate that brilacidin exerts potent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 against different strains of the virus in cell culture.
T4-like Bacteriophages Isolated from Pig Stools Infect Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia pestis Using LPS and OmpF as Receptors
Authors: Salem Mabruka , Pajunen Maria I. , Jun Jin Woo , Skurnik Mikael
Published: February 2021

The Yersinia bacteriophages fPS-2, fPS-65, and fPS-90, isolated from pig stools, have long contractile tails and elongated heads, and they belong to genus Tequatroviruses in the order Caudovirales. The phages exhibited relatively wide host ranges among Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and related species. One-step growth curve experiments revealed that the phages have latent periods of 50–80 min with burst sizes of 44–65 virions per infected cell. The phage genomes consist of circularly permuted dsDNA of 169,060, 167,058, and 167,132 bp in size, respectively, with a G + C content 35.3%. The number of predicted genes range from 267 to 271. The phage genomes are 84–92% identical to each other and ca 85% identical to phage T4. The phage receptors were identified by whole genome sequencing of spontaneous phage-resistant mutants. The phage-resistant strains had mutations in the ompF, galU, hldD, or hldE genes. OmpF is a porin, and the other genes encode lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthetic enzymes. The ompF, galU, and hldE mutants were successfully complemented in trans with respective wild-type genes. The host recognition was assigned to long tail fiber tip protein Gp38, analogous to that of T-even phages such as Salmonella phage S16, specifically to the distal β-helices connecting loops.
Heparan Sulfate Is a Cellular Receptor for Enteric Human Adenoviruses
Authors: Rajan Anandi , Palm Elin , Trulsson Fredrik , Mundigl Sarah , Becker Miriam , Persson B. David , Frängsmyr Lars , Lenman Annasara
Published: February 2021

Human adenovirus (HAdV)-F40 and -F41 are leading causes of diarrhea and diarrhea-associated mortality in children under the age of five, but the mechanisms by which they infect host cells are poorly understood. HAdVs initiate infection through interactions between the knob domain of the fiber capsid protein and host cell receptors. Unlike most other HAdVs, HAdV-F40 and -F41 possess two different fiber proteins—a long fiber and a short fiber. Whereas the long fiber binds to the Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), no binding partners have been identified for the short fiber. In this study, we identified heparan sulfate (HS) as an interaction partner for the short fiber of enteric HAdVs. We demonstrate that exposure to acidic pH, which mimics the environment of the stomach, inactivates the interaction of enteric adenovirus with CAR. However, the short fiber:HS interaction is resistant to and even enhanced by acidic pH, which allows attachment to host cells. Our results suggest a switch in receptor usage of enteric HAdVs after exposure to acidic pH and add to the understanding of the function of the short fibers. These results may also be useful for antiviral drug development and the utilization of enteric HAdVs for clinical applications such as vaccine development.
Therapeutic Antibodies for the Treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections—Current Overview and Perspectives
Authors: Mayor Alexie , Chesnay Adélaïde , Desoubeaux Guillaume , Ternant David , Heuzé-Vourc’h Nathalie , Sécher Thomas
Published: February 2021

Respiratorytract infections (RTIs) are frequent and life-threatening diseases, accounting for several millions of deaths worldwide. RTIs implicate microorganisms, including viruses (influenza virus, coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)), bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis) and fungi (Pneumocystis spp., Aspergillus spp. and very occasionally Candida spp.). The emergence of new pathogens, like the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, and the substantial increase in drug resistance have highlighted the critical necessity to develop novel anti-infective molecules. In this context, antibodies (Abs) are becoming increasingly important in respiratory medicine and may fulfill the unmet medical needs of RTIs. However, development of Abs for treating infectious diseases is less advanced than for cancer and inflammatory diseases. Currently, only three Abs have been marketed for RTIs, namely, against pulmonary anthrax and RSV infection, while several clinical and preclinical studies are in progress. This article gives an overview of the advances in the use of Abs for the treatment of RTIs, based on the analysis of clinical studies in this field. It describes the Ab structure, function and pharmacokinetics, and discusses the opportunities offered by the various Ab formats, Ab engineering and co-treatment strategies. Including the most recent literature, it finally highlights the strengths, weaknesses and likely future trends of a novel anti-RTI Ab armamentarium.
COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Ditekemena John D. , Nkamba Dalau M. , Mutwadi Armand , Mavoko Hypolite M. , Siewe Fodjo Joseph Nelson , Luhata Christophe , Obimpeh Michael , Van Hees Stijn , Nachega Jean B. , Colebunders Robert
Published: February 2021

We investigated the level of willingness for COVID-19 vaccination in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Data were collected between 24 August 2020 and 8 September 2020 through an online survey. A total of 4131 responses were included; mean age of respondents was 35 years (standard deviation: 11.5); 68.4% were females; 71% had elementary or secondary school education. One fourth (24.1%) were convinced that COVID-19 did not exist. Overall, 2310 (55.9%) indicated they were willing to be vaccinated. In a multivariable regression model, belonging to the middle and high-income category (OR = 1.85, CI: 1.46–2.35 and OR = 2.91, CI: 2.15–3.93, respectively), being tested for COVID-19 (OR = 4.71, CI: 3.62–6.12; p < 0.001), COVID-19 community vaccine acceptance (OR = 14.45, CI: 2.91–71.65; p = 0.001) and acknowledging the existence of COVID-19 (OR = 6.04, CI: 4.42–8.23; p < 0.001) were associated with an increased willingness to be vaccinated. Being a healthcare worker was associated with a decreased willingness for vaccination (OR = 0.46, CI: 0.36–0.58; p < 0.001). In conclusion, the current willingness for COVID-19 vaccination among citizens of the DRC is too low to dramatically decrease community transmission. Of great concern is the low intention of immunization among healthcare workers. A large sensitization campaign will be needed to increase COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.
Tri-Model Therapy: Combining Macrocyclic Lactone, Piperazine Derivative and Herbal Preparation in Treating Humpsore in Cattle
Authors: Ponraj Perumal , De Arun , Mondal Samiran , Ravi Sanjay , Sawhney Sneha , Sarkar Gopal , Bera Asit , Malakar Dhruba , Kumar Ashish , Singh Laishram , Ahmed Sheikh , Muniswamy Kangayan , Jerard Bosco , Bhattacharya Debasis
Published: February 2021

Stephanofilariasis or humpsore is a chronic parasitic dermatitis of cattle. Various treatment regimens were attempted in the past but were found to be partially effective. Here, we claim a successful treatment regime using an FDA-approved macrocyclic lactone, a piperazine derivative, and an herbal preparation. Twenty-four cattle (18 affected and 6 unaffected) were selected and divided into Gr 1: positive control (infected without treatment; n = 6), Gr 2: treatment group (infected with treatment with ivermectin; n = 6), Gr 3: treatment group (infected with treatment with tri-model therapy including ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine citrate, and an herbal ointment, n = 6), and Gr 4: negative control (non-infected animals; n = 6). In Gr 2 and Gr 3, treatment to the ailing animals were given for 30 days. Lesion was significantly reduced in day 15 of post-treatment and completely healed on day 30 of post-treatment in Gr 3. Tri-model therapy recorded significant improvement in the surface area of the sore as compared to ivermectin administration alone. Antioxidants were increased and malondialdehyde (MDA) and cortisol concentrations were decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in Gr 3 than in untreated control group at day 14, 21 and 28. Histopathological changes in infected animals were characterized by parakeratotic hyperkeratosis along with presence of nucleated keratinocytes. There were infiltrations of polymorphonuclear cells specially eosinophils along with a few monomorphonuclear cells. Microfilarial organism was observed beneath the epidermis, which was surrounded by fibrocytes and infiltrated cells. In the tri-model-treated animal after recovery, the skin revived a normal architecture. Therefore, tri-model therapy has the potential to cure humpsore.
Using Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids to Enhance Microbial Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Current Understanding and Future Perspectives
Authors: Zhang Lei , Qiao Jie , Cui Haiyang , Wang Minghui , Li Xiujuan
Published: February 2021

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), an organic pollutant with persistence and carcinogenicity, are universally present in the environment and food processing. Biological approaches toward remediating PAHs-contaminated sites are a viable, economical, and environmentally friendly alternative compared to conventional physical and/or chemical remediation methods. Recently, various strategies relating to low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) have been developed to enhance the microbial degradation of PAHs. However, the remaining challenge is to reveal the role of LMWOAs in the PAHs biodegradation process, and the latter limits researchers from expanding the application scope of biodegradation. In this mini-review, we summarized the current understanding of the impact of LMWOAs on (1) the physicochemical behavior of PAHs in the extracellular environment; (2) the interactions between PAHs and the microbial cell surface; and (3) the intracellular metabolization of PAHs. Future perspectives for this field are discussed in this review as well.
Study on Hydrologic Effects of Land Use Change Using a Distributed Hydrologic Model in the Dynamic Land Use Mode
Authors: Sun Qingyan , Lu Chuiyu , Guo Hui , Yan Lingjia , He Xin , Qin Tao , Wu Chu , Luan Qinghua , Zhang Bo , Li Zepeng
Published: February 2021

It is reasonable to simulate the hydrologic cycle in regions with drastic land use change using a distributed hydrologic model in the dynamic land use mode (dynamic mode). A new dynamic mode is introduced into an object-oriented modularized model for basin-scale water cycle simulation (MODCYCLE), a distributed hydrologic model based on sub-watersheds, and the hydrological response unit (HRU). The new mode can linearly interpolate data for the years without land use data and consistently transfer HRU water storage between two adjacent years after a land use data update. The hydrologic cycle simulation of the Sanjiang Plain in China was carried out from 2000 to 2014 in the dynamic mode using land use maps of 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2014. Through calibration and validation, the performance of the model reached a satisfactory level. Replacing the land use data of the calibrated model using that of the year 2000, a comparison model in the static land use mode (static mode) was built (i.e., land use unchanged since 2000). The hydrologic effects of land use change were analyzed using the two models. If the land use pattern remained unchanged from 2000, despite the average annual runoff increasing by 4% and the average annual evapotranspiration decreasing by 4% in this region only, the groundwater storage of the plain areas in 2014 would increase by 4.6 bil. m3 compared to that in 2000, rather than the actual decrease of 4.7 bil. m3. The results show that the fluxes associated with groundwater are obviously more disturbed by land use change in the Sanjiang Plain. This study suggests that the dynamic mode should be used to simulate the hydrologic cycle in regions with drastic land use change, and the consistent transfer of HRU water storage may be considered in the dynamic mode.
Potential for Potable Water Savings Due to Rainwater Use in a Precast Concrete Factory
Authors: Bertuzzi Giovanna , Ghisi Enedir
Published: February 2021

The objective of this paper was to assess the potential for potable water savings due to rainwater use in a precast concrete factory in southern Brazil. The economic feasibility and the rainwater quality were also assessed. The current water consumption, future water demand, and rainwater demand in the factory were estimated. The future demand considered was two times higher than the current water consumption since there were plans to increase the production. Three scenarios were then simulated using the computer programme Netuno. The ideal rainwater tank capacity, the potential for potable water savings, and the economic feasibility analysis for each scenario were estimated. Samples of rainwater were collected in the factory and tested for quality for manufacturing precast concrete. For a rainwater tank capacity equal to 25,000 L, the potential for potable water savings for the first scenario was 55.4%, but the first scenario was considered economically unfeasible. For the same tank capacity, the second and third scenarios presented viable results regarding potable water savings and payback. As for the rainwater quality, it was proven to be adequate for manufacturing precast concrete. The main conclusion was that rainwater can be used to manufacture precast concrete in the factory studied herein.
Major Elements in the Upstream of Three Gorges Reservoir: An Investigation of Chemical Weathering and Water Quality during Flood Events
Authors: Wang Di , Han Guilin , Hu Mingming , Wang Yuchun , Liu Jinke , Zeng Jie , Li Xiaoqiang
Published: February 2021

Rivers transport terrestrial matter into the ocean, constituting a fundamental channel between inland and oceanic ecosystem and affect global climate change. To reveal chemical weathering processes and environmental health risks during flood periods, water samples were collected in the upper reaches of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in 2020. HCO3− and Ca2+ were the most abundant anions and cations of the river water, respectively. The range of HCO3− concentration was between 1.81 and 3.02 mmol/L, while the mean content of Ca2+ was 1.03 mmol/L. The results of the Piper diagram and element ratios revealed that the river solutes were mainly contributed by carbonate weathering and gypsum-rich evaporite dissolution. A mass balance model indicated that the contribution order of sources to cations in the main channel (Yibin-Luzhou) was evaporites > carbonates > atmospheric input > silicates. The order in the Chongqing—Three Gorges Dam was carbonates > atmospheric input > evaporites > silicates. These results showed a lithologic control on hydrochemical characteristics. Most sampling sites were suitable for agricultural irrigation according to the water quality assessment. However, indexes sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and soluble sodium percentage (Na%) were higher than 1.0 in Yibin-Luzhou and 30% in Yibin–Chongqing, respectively, suggesting a potential sodium hazard. In addition, except Tuojiang River and Shennong River, the risk of sodium hazard in tributaries was relatively low. High Na+ concentration in irrigation water can damage soil structure and function and ultimately affect agricultural production. Water quality in the upstream of a Piper diagram should attract enough attention.
Utilization of Biomass Derived from Cyanobacteria-Based Agro-Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Raisin Residue Extract for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Tsolcha Olga N. , Patrinou Vasiliki , Economou Christina N. , Dourou Marianna , Aggelis George , Tekerlekopoulou Athanasia G.
Published: February 2021

Biofuels produced from photosynthetic microorganisms such as microalgae and cyanobacteria could potentially replace fossil fuels as they offer several advantages over fuels produced from lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, energy production potential in the form of bioethanol was examined using different biomasses derived from the growth of a cyanobacteria-based microbial consortium on a chemical medium and on agro-industrial wastewaters (i.e., dairy wastewater, winery wastewater and mixed winery–raisin effluent) supplemented with a raisin residue extract. The possibility of recovering fermentable sugars from a microbial biomass dominated by the filamentous cyanobacterium Leptolynbgya sp. was demonstrated. Of the different acid hydrolysis conditions tested, the best results were obtained with sulfuric acid 2.5 N for 120 min using dried biomass from dairy wastewater and mixed winery–raisin wastewaters. After optimizing sugar release from the microbial biomass by applying acid hydrolysis, alcoholic fermentation was performed using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Raisin residue extract was added to the treated biomass broth in all experiments to enhance ethanol production. Results showed that up to 85.9% of the theoretical ethanol yield was achieved, indicating the potential use of cyanobacteria-based biomass in combination with a raisin residue extract as feedstock for bioethanol production.
Model Based Assessment of the Reflection Behavior of Tidal Waves at Bathymetric Changes in Estuaries
Authors: Sohrt Vanessa , Hein Sebastian S.V. , Nehlsen Edgar , Strotmann Thomas , Fröhle Peter
Published: February 2021

Estuaries are often modified by human activities. Adjustments in the morphology of an estuary have a potential impact on the hydrodynamics and on the reflection behavior of the tide. The influence of such system changes on the complex tidal regime with a large number of superimposed tidal constituents is not fully understood yet. The reflection properties of estuaries that are characterized by abrupt changes in geometry are systematically investigated on the basis of simplified estuary model approaches to improve the understanding of the oscillation and reflection behavior of tidal waves in estuaries. The reflection coefficients at abrupt cross-sectional changes are determined by two different methods, i.e., an analytical energy-based approach and a hydrodynamic numerical (HN) model. Comparisons indicate a high agreement of the results of the different methods when evaluating the reflection coefficient. The tidal constituents are reflected at partial and total reflectors and amplified by shoaling depending on the water depths, the height of the bottom step and the horizontal constriction. A harmonic analysis of simulated water level data partly shows the formation and amplification of higher harmonic components as a result of shallow water effects. The interaction with reflectors results in an increasing amplification of the tidal constituents and the tide.
Water Security in a Changing Environment: Concept, Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Mishra Binaya , Kumar Pankaj , Saraswat Chitresh , Chakraborty Shamik , Gautam Arjun
Published: February 2021

Water is of vital and critical importance to ecosystems and human societies. The effects of human activities on land and water are now large and extensive. These reflect physical changes to the environment. Global change such as urbanization, population growth, socioeconomic change, evolving energy needs, and climate change have put unprecedented pressure on water resources systems. It is argued that achieving water security throughout the world is the key to sustainable development. Studies on holistic view with persistently changing dimensions is in its infancy. This study focuses on narrative review work for giving a comprehensive insight on the concept of water security, its evolution with recent environmental changes (e.g., urbanization, socioeconomic, etc.) and various implications. Finally, it presents different sustainable solutions to achieve water security. Broadly, water security evolves from ensuring reliable access of enough safe water for every person (at an affordable price where market mechanisms are involved) to lead a healthy and productive life, including that of future generations. The constraints on water availability and water quality threaten secured access to water resources for different uses. Despite recent progress in developing new strategies, practices and technologies for water resource management, their dissemination and implementation has been limited. A comprehensive sustainable approach to address water security challenges requires connecting social, economic, and environmental systems at multiple scales. This paper captures the persistently changing dimensions and new paradigms of water security providing a holistic view including a wide range of sustainable solutions to address the water challenges.
Special Issue “Multiscale Impacts of Anthropogenic and Climate Changes on Tropical and Mediterranean Hydrology”
Authors: Mahé Gil , Descroix Luc , Laraque Alain , Ribolzi Olivier , Lacombe Guillaume
Published: February 2021

n/a
Reconstructing Spatiotemporal Dynamics in Hydrological State Along Intermittent Rivers
Authors: Eastman Michael , Parry Simon , Sefton Catherine , Park Juhyun , England Judy
Published: February 2021

Despite the impact of flow cessation on aquatic ecology, the hydrology of intermittent rivers has been largely overlooked. This has resulted in a lack of monitoring projects, and consequently, datasets spanning a period of sufficient duration to characterise both hydrological extremes. This report documents an investigation into the potential for statistical modelling to simulate the spatiotemporal dynamics of flowing, ponded and dry hydrological states in an internationally rare hydrological state dataset. The models presented predict unrecorded hydrological state data with performance metrics exceeding 95%, providing insights into the relationship between ponding prevalence and the performance of statistical simulation of this ecologically important intermediate state between drying and flowing conditions. This work demonstrates the potential for hydrological intermittence to be simulated in areas where hydrological state data are often sparse, providing opportunities for quality control and data infilling. This further understanding of the processes driving intermittence will inform future water resource assessments and the influence of climate change on hydrological intermittence.
Seasonal Variations of Dissolved Organic Matter by Fluorescent Analysis in a Typical River Catchment in Northern China
Authors: Han Zenglei , Xiao Min , Yue Fujun , Yi Yuanbi , Mostofa K.
Published: February 2021

Fluorescence (excitation-emission matrices, EEMs) spectroscopy coupled with PARAFAC (parallel factor) modelling and UV-Vis (ultraviolet visible) spectra were used to ascertain the sources, distribution and biogeochemical transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Duliujian River catchment. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), chromophoric dissolved organic matter (a335) (CDOM), and hydrophobic components (a260) were higher in summer than in other seasons with 53.3 m−1, while aromaticity (SUVA254) was higher in spring. Four fluorescent components, namely terrestrial humic acid (HA)-like (A/C), terrestrial fulvic acid (FA)-like (A/M), autochthonous fulvic acid (FA)-like (A/M), and protein-like substances (Tuv/T), were identified using EEM-PARAFAC modelling in this river catchment. The results demonstrated that terrestrial HA-like substances enhance its contents in summer ARE compared with BRE, whilst terrestrial FA-like substances were newly input in summer ARE, which was entirely absent upstream and downstream, suggesting that rain events could significantly input the terrestrial soil-derived DOM in the ambient downward catchments. Autochthonous FA-like substances in summer BRE could derive from phytoplankton in the downstream waters. The results also showed that DOM from wetland exhibited lower fluorescent intensity of humic-like peak A/C and fulvic-like peak A/M, molecular weight (SR) and humification index (HIX) during the low-flow season. Built-up land, cropland, and unused land displayed higher a335 (CDOM). A higher proportion of forest and industrial land in the SCs showed higher SUVA254 values. Humic-like moiety, molecular weight and aromaticity were more responsive to land use during stormflow in summer. Rainfall could increase the export of soil DOM from cropland and unused land, which influences the spatial variation of HIX. The results in this study highlighted that terrestrial DOM has a significant influence on the biogeochemical alterations of DOM compositions and thus water quality in the downward watershed catchments, which might significantly vary according to the land-use types and their alterations by human activities.
The Detection of Flood Characteristics Alteration Induced by the Danjiangkou Reservoir at Han River, China
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Feng Baofei , Zhang Jun , Xu Yinshan , Li Jie , Niu Wenjing , Yang Yanfei
Published: February 2021

As one of the most common natural phenomena, floods can bring both risks and benefits for human beings. They can pose a risk of inundation to a human habitat but can also be utilized as a resource with hydraulic engineering. Improving the knowledge of flood characteristics is the basis and premise of improving water resources management and ecological environmental protection. Presently, the quantitative evaluation of flood characteristics needs to gradually evolve from a single indicator to a systematic one. In this paper, by introducing the concepts of ecohydrology on magnitude, frequency, and duration, a set of flood characteristics indicators evaluation system is constructed based on the hydrological characteristics for the section where Danjiangkou Reservoir is located at the middle reach of the Yangtze in China. The results showed that the Danjiangkou Reservoir has changed the flood characteristics to a great extent both of seasonal or annual floods, and the mean degree of the flood characteristic alteration indicators is about 19%. The changing trend of the flood indicators upstream showed an increasing trend from the 1970s to 2010s, while downstream were divided into two periods by the year of about 1975. The methodological system provided by this paper can effectively evaluate flood characteristics quantitatively, provide technical guidance and a useful reference for flood process analysis, and provide support for flood management and river ecosystem protection.
ON ATTACHED MASSES OF PANELS OSCILLATING IN INCOMPRESSIBLE MEDIUM
Authors: BUZHINSKIY Valery A.
Published: February 2021

The paper discusses small oscillations of a panel in an incompressible medium. Air can be considered an incompressible medium during modal tests of solar array panels for spacecraft deployed on the ground in a lab environment. A panel is represented as a two-sided boundary surface. Conditions are determined for applicability of the potential motion of the medium. Calculation of the attached mass is reduced to the solution of the Neumann boundary value problem. To solve the boundary value problem, the method of boundary elements is used in the piecewise constant approximation variant, which provides a solution of the hypersingular boundary integral equation. Numerical solutions are obtained for the three fundamental modes of rectangular panels. The obtained numerical values are refined using non-linear Shanks transformation. Dependence of attached mass on panel elongation and the amount of the gap between its fragments is studied. For any in-plane oscillation mode of a panel fragment, the attached mass is determined using the principle of linear superposition. An estimate is given of the effect of the distance from the panel to the wall on the attached mass value.
Key words: oscillations, incompressible medium, air, attached mass, rectangular panels, boundary elements method.
URGENSI KONSTITUSIONALITAS PEMBENTUKAN KOMISI KEBENARAN DAN REKONSILIASI
Authors: Alamsyah Afif
Published: February 2021

Abstract

As a state of law, Indonesia is obliged to provide human rights protection against the victims of heavy human rights violations. The idea of the formation of the KKR begins with the willingness of historical disclosure of truth on past interpretations that have never been dismantled as a preliminary answer to giving a sense of justice for the victims. What is expected in the reconciliation process is the recognition of past history that allows the victim to open an apology door for perpetrators of heavy human rights abuses. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission is a phenomenon of transition arising from the context of countries facing the transition from the authoritarian regime to the democratic regime. One of the very quaint and dilematical problems facing the new government in this situation is to answer the community's demands on human rights crimes (gross violation of human rights) occurring under the previous regime. The transitional Government sought to answer this problem by attempting to reconcile punitive tendencies on one side with a tendency to apologize or amnesty on the other side. So it can be said, the ability of transitional governments is limited to the effort to provide transitional justice that is not entirely satisfactory. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (KKR) should be regarded as a real progress in the gross violations of human rights in the past who were able to provide substantial justice to its rights to the realization of human rights protection in Indonesia.
“Deficiência” para um dicionário marxista:
Authors: Xavier dos Santos Larissa
Published: February 2021

Este artigo aborda a deficiência física com uma perspectiva que evita reduzir o tema às narrativas biomédicas. A deficiência, será analisada considerando suas intersecções com a categoria gênero, e o conceito chave para conduzir essa análise é o conceito de capacitismo. A categoria “capacitismo” é utilizada por Mello (2016) e tornou-se estratégica para definir o preconceito contra pessoas com deficiência, sendo o capacitismo um equivalente a termos como sexismo e racismo (Mozzi e Nuernber, 2017). Será debruçado no texto acerca do modelo social da deficiência, evidenciando que o capacitismo se sustenta em questões estruturais em nossa sociedade, de modo que esse tipo de desigualdade como todas as outras são configuradas em um espectro cultural. O capacitismo está amparado em uma cultura da eficiência e do desempenho, isto é, na figura do status de  “homem produtivo”. Desconstruir a naturalização do capacitismo é um caminho para repensarmos o modo em que vivemos em uma lógica do trabalho salarial e refletir sobre a maneira que a sociedade capitalista tipifica os corpos “não produtivos”.
INCREASING THE RESISTANCE OF MACADAM-MASTIC ASPHALT CONCRETE TO RUT FORMATION DUE TO THE USE OF POLYMER MODIFIERS
Authors: Yadykina V. , Navolokina S. , Gridchin Anatoliy
Published: February 2021

Rutting is an important problem in Russia today. One of the ways to improve the properties of asphalt concrete mixtures and reduce wear on road surfaces is to modify the binder with polymer additives. The aim of the work was to test the selected compositions of MMAC mixtures containing bitumen modified with the addition of sevilene and rubber for rutting resistance, which make it possible to predict the formation of plastic rut. It was revealed that when using sevilen in its composition, with an increase in the concentration of vinyl acetate, the depth of the track increases in comparison with the industrial polymer-bitumen binder. It is shown that with the introduction of a complex additive based on sevilen and rubber into the binder composition, its rutting decreases and the service life of the road surface increases, which indicates a high elasticity of the complex-modified binder. In this work, the calculation of the service life of the coating before the formation of a critical rut requiring repair of the coating is carried out. It was found that in terms of the slope of the rutting curve and the proportional depth of the rut, the compositions with sevilene and rubber are not inferior to traditional industrial PBB.
INCREASING IN IMPACT VISCOSITY OF FIBER-ASH-CONCRETE
Authors: Fedyuk R. , Liseycev Yu. , Taskin A. , Timohin R. , Klyuev Sergey , Kasagrande Sezar
Published: February 2021

The trend in building materials science is to replace the different proportions of Portland cement in the binder. Therefore, the paper proposes the principles of controlling the static and dynamic strength of fiber-reinforced concrete, consisting in the complex effect of the hydro-removed ash and slag mix and basalt fiber on the processes of structure formation of the cement composite. A four-stage purification system for the hydro-removed ash and slag mixture has been developed, including disintegration, flotation and two-stage magnetic separation. It was found that the density of the fresh mix from the dose behaves naturally, and the density of solid samples at low doses slightly decreases. High early strength of the developed composites is noted, in particular, for specimens with ASM, one and a half increase in compressive strength is traced in comparison with non-additive specimens. Combinations of "fiber + ASM" with a quadrupling of strength have a significant effect on bending strength. Successful approximations of the compressive strength and bending strength on the ASM dose for different ages (1, 7, 28 days) are traced with the regular behavior of the coefficients in the power dependences. Revealed a multiple increase in the impact strength of the developed compositions. The use of the results will lead to the possibility of designing high-strength concretes, including for special structures.
Kültüre Duyarlı Psikolojik Danışma
Authors: AKALIN Mehmet Buğra , TÜRKÜM A.sibel
Published: February 2021

Kültür, sadece farklı toplumlara mensup bireyleri birbirinden ayıran bir kavram olmayıp yaş, cinsiyet, yaşam stili ve alışkanlıklar gibi birçok faktörü içinde barındıran bir yapıya sahiptir. Bu nedenle aynı aile içinde bile farklı kültürlere mensup bireylerin olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Gelişen teknoloji ve ulaşım kolaylığı farklı kültürlere mensup bireylerin eskiye oranla daha çok iletişim kurmasını sağlamaktadır. Bunun sonucu olarak kişilerarası diyaloglarda kültürel farklılıklardan doğan güçlükler kendini göstermektedir. Toplumsal olarak yaşanan bu zorlukların psikolojik danışma sürecine de yansıdığı görülmektedir. Bu makalede psikolojik danışma sürecinde kültür faktörünün önemi üzerinde durulmakta ve kültüre duyarlı psikolojik danışma yeterlilikleri incelenmektedir. Bu doğrultuda öncelikle kültür, kültürleşme ve çok kültürlülük kavramları açıklanmaktadır. Ardından psikolojik danışma sürecinde kültürel farklılıklardan doğan güçlüklere değinilmektedir. Bu güçlüklerin başında bir profesyonel olarak psikolojik danışmanın kültüre duyarlı olma konusunda tereddütlü olması, yanlış çıkarım etkisi, psikolojik danışmanın doğası ve felsefi temelleri, ön yargılar, mikro saldırganlıklar ve danışandan kaynaklanan güçlükler bulunmaktadır. Buna ek olarak, kültüre duyarlı psikolojik danışman yeterliliklerine belirli kuramcılar ışığında değinilmektedir. Son olarak, Türkiye’de kültüre duyarlı psikolojik danışmanın durumu tartışılmış ve psikolojik danışma sürecinde Türk kültürü açısından dikkate alınması gereken noktalar üzerinde durulmuştur.
A kancatej felhasználásának lehetőségei a humán táplálkozásban – Irodalmi összefoglaló
Authors: Salamon Szidónia , Csapó János
Published: February 2021

A szerzők saját vizsgálataik eredményeire és a szakirodalomban található adatokra támaszkodva közleményükben összehasonlítják az anyatej, a kancatej és a tehéntej összetételét és rámutatnak a kancatej előnyös felhasználási lehetőségeire a csecsemők, a gyermekek, a felnőttek és az idősek táplálkozásában. Ennek során megállapítják, hogy az anya- és kancatej zsírtartalma és zsírsavösszetétele, különösen az esszenciális linolsavat és a féligesszenciális linolénsavat tekintve jó egyezést mutat, és mindkettő lényegesen különbözik a tehéntejétől, mely rövid szénláncú és telített zsírsavakban gazdag. A fehérjetartalmat, a fehérjefrakciókat és a fehérje aminosav-összetételét tekintve is jó az egyezés az anyatej és a kancatej között, bár az anyatej több savófehérjét és kevesebb kazeint tartalmaz, mint a kanca teje. A tehéntej fő fehérje komponensét a kazein jelenti, ezért a tehéntej- fehérje aminosav-összetételből számolt biológiai értéke lényegesen alacsonyabb, mint az anya- és kancatejé. Felhívják a figyelmet az anyatej nagy NPN tartalmára, és az abban lévő szabad aminosavak, peptidek és aminosavszármazékok (taurin) jelentőségére. Hangsúlyozzák, hogy a tehéntejfehérjére allergiások a kancatejet bátran fogyaszthatják, és a nagy hasonlóság miatt a csecsemő táplálása is egyszerűbb – szükség esetén – kancatejjel, mint tehéntejjel. Mind az anyatej, mind a kancatej laktóztartalma nagyobb, mint a tehéntejé, amire inkább tehéntej-alapú csecsemőtáplálásnál feltétlenül figyelemmel kell lenni. Az ásványianyag-tartalmat tekintve is nagy a hasonlóság az anyatej és a kancatej között, és mindkettő lényegesen kevesebb makro- és mikroelemet tartalmaz, mint a tehéntej. A közlemény végén elemzik a kancatej lehetséges szerepét különböző korú emberek táplálásában, és ismertetik a kancatejből készült termékek, sűrített tej, tejpor, kumisz humán táplálékként történő felhasználásának lehetőségeit.
Optical Remote Sensing of Oil Spills in the Ocean: What Is Really Possible?
Authors: Hu Chuanmin , Lu Yingcheng , Sun Shaojie , Liu Yongxue
Published: February 2021

Optical remote sensing (ORS) of reflected sun light has been used to assess oil spills in the ocean for several decades. While most applications are toward simple presence/absence detections based on the spatial contrast between oiled water and oil-free water, recent advances indicate the possibility of classifying oil types and quantifying oil volumes based on their spectral contrasts with oil-free water. However, a review of the current literature suggests that there is still confusion on whether this is possible and, if so, how. Here, based on the recent findings from numerical models, laboratory measurements, and applications to satellite or airborne imagery, we attempt to clarify this situation by summarizing (1) the optics behind oil spill remote sensing, and in turn, (2) how to interpret optical remote sensing imagery based on optical principles. In the end, we discuss the existing limitations and challenges as well as pathways forward to advance ORS of oil spills.
Who Sings the “Aria of Peter” and Why It Matters
Authors: Насонов Р. А.
Published: February 2021

Возвращаясь к вопросу о персонификации исполнителей арий в баховских Страстях, автор обращает внимание на ряд литературных источников, в которых библейские и аллегорические персонажи названы по имени. Отказ Баха от подобных обозначений в рукописях своих произведений, возможно, связан не только с внешними ограничениями (традициями исполнения пассионов в церкви), но и со стремлением композитора подчеркнуть общечеловеческий характер запечатленного в его музыке опыта. В этой связи актуализируется проблема идентичности мадригальных номеров Страстей, по-разному решаемая в двух шедеврах данного жанра: в «Страстях по Иоанну» личность апостола Петра оказывается в центре модернизированного мифа о грехопадении, тогда как в «Страстях по Матфею» идентичность исполнителей арий часто выстраивается от противного по отношению к персонажам библейского повествования. Автор объясняет это различие как частный аспект двух принципиально разных, но связанных между собой прочтений истории Искупительной Жертвы в соответствующих сочинениях Баха.

Returning to the question of personification of the performers of the arias in Bachs Passions, the author of the article draws attention to a number of literary sources in which biblical and allegorical characters are designated by name. Bachs refusal of such designations in the manuscripts of his works is probably due not only to external restrictions (conventions of church music of the day), but also to the desire to emphasize the universal character of the experience embodied in his music. In this regard, the issue of the identity of the madrigal movements of Bachs Passions is being actualized, which is solved differently in two masterpieces of this genre: in the Johannes-Passion the personality of the Apostle Peter is at the center of the modernized myth of the fall, while in the Matthus-Passion the identity of performers is often built from the contrary to the characters of the biblical narrative. The author explains this dissimilarity as a particular aspect of two fundamentally different, but related readings of the biblical narrative of Atonement in the corresponding works by Bach
Leonid Polovinkin: Few Strokes to the Portrait of the Composer
Authors: Пасынкова С.А.
Published: February 2021

Статья посвящена жизни и творчеству Леонида Алексеевича Половинкина (1894-1949) - талантливого музыканта, яркого и самобытного композитора, выпускника Московской консерватории (класс Н. Я. Мясковского). В настоящее время его обширное творческое наследие, изучение которого во многом усложняет отсутствие изданных партитур и аудиозаписей, находится почти в полном забвении. Имя Половинкина ассоциируется лишь с его ранними фортепианными сочинениями и работами в области детского театра. Творческая деятельность Половинкина, продолжавшаяся три десятилетия, отражает эволюцию отечественного музыкального искусства 1920-1940-х годов. Если его первые работы наполнены новыми звучаниями и смелыми открытиями, то произведения 1930-1940-х годов в первую очередь под воздействием доктрины социалистического реализма стилистически меняются, становясь более традиционными. Однако и в них слышатся отголоски экспериментов 1920-х годов.

The article is dedicated to the life and creative work of Leonid A. Polovinkin (18941949) who was a talented Russian musician, an outstanding composer with the highly original manner of writing. Polovinkin graduated from the Moscow Tchaikovsky сonservatory where he studied composition under Nikolai Ya. Myaskovsky. Nowadays the huge heritage of Polovinkin is almost completely forgotten. At the best, his name is associated with his early piano pieces or works for childrens theaters. His works are neither published nor recorded and that further complicates the studying of his versatile heritage, which is quite worthy of a monograph about it to be written. Polovinkins creative work had been continuing for three decades (from 1920s till 1940s) and reflected the evolution of Soviet music of the period. His early works are full of discoveries in harmonic aspects. In 1930s, his style, because of its natural development but also under the influence of doctrines of socialist realism in art, began to change and finally became more traditional. But there was still an echo of his early music in it.
Composer on Guard of Nature
Authors: Черкасова Д.А.
Published: February 2021

Джон Лютер Адамс, обладатель Пулитцеровской премии 2013 года (за оркестровую композицию «Become Ocean»), своим творчеством привлекает внимание к проблемам исчезающей дикой природы. Порой его даже называют «зеленым композитором», поскольку большинство его произведений прямо или косвенно отображают процессы, происходящие в природе. Какие бы формы реализации своих творческих замыслов он ни выбирал - светозвуковые инсталляции, камерные пьесы для исполнения на открытом воздухе, крупные симфонические полотна,- практически всюду в них прослеживается озабоченность автора состоянием современной окружающей среды. В настоящей статье дается обзор основных сочинений Адамса и анализируется причина их сравнительно малой известности среди отечественной аудитории.

John Luther Adams, the 2013 Pulitzer-prize winner (awarded for the orchestral composition Become Ocean), in his works attracts attention to ecological problems of the disappearing wilderness. Sometimes he is even called a “green composer”: most of his works directly or indirectly address worrisome tendencies regarding the natural world. No matter which type of creative form he uses to express himself - be it sound-light installations, chamber pieces for the outdoors or huge symphonic narrations - basically everywhere his concern with the worldwide ecological status quo can be noted. In the present article a review of his main compositions can be found along with an analysis of the reasons behind their low popularity among the Russian audience.
Autobiographies, Diaries, Memoirs of Musicians: An Attempt of Classification and Problems of Use in Scientific Texts
Authors: Петухова С.А.
Published: February 2021

В статье предпринята попытка классификации автобиографий, дневников и мемуаров, принадлежащих почти 300 авторам и созданных за более чем 300-летний период (с 1690 года по настоящее время). С точки зрения современных филологии и истории множество текстов такого типа образует единый жанровый комплекс, имеющий прозрачные внутренние границы. Однако в области музыкантских документов подобные разграничения просматриваются достаточно отчетливо и могут влиять на критерии отбора материала для его использования в научных трудах. Стилистические особенности, направленность коммуникационных связей, времена создания и личности авторов мемуарных источников формируют отношение к ним специалиста, их оценку с позиций достоверности и необходимости применения.

The author of the article attempts to classify autobiographies, diaries and memoirs belonging to almost 300 authors and created during the period of more than 300 years (from 1690 to the present). From the point of view of modern philology and history, many texts of this type form a single genre complex that has transparent internal borders. However, in the field of musical documents, such distinctions are clearly visible and can influence the materials selection criteria for use in scientific works. Stylistic features, the direction of communication, the time of creation and the identity of the authors of memoirs form the attitude of a specialist to them, their assessment from the standpoint of reliability and need for application.