bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aiding clinical assessment of neonatal sepsis using hematological analyzer data with machine learning techniques
Authors: Huang Brian , Wang Robin , Masino Aaron J. , Obstfeld Amrom E.
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Early diagnosis and antibiotic administration are essential for reducing sepsis morbidity and mortality; however, diagnosis remains difficult due to complex pathogenesis and presentation. We created a machine learning model for bacterial sepsis identification in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) using hematological analyzer data.

Methods

Hematological analyzer data were gathered from NICU patients up to 48 hours prior to clinical evaluation for bacterial sepsis. Five models, Support Vector Machine, K‐nearest‐neighbors, Logistic Regression, Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient boosting (XGBoost), were trained on 60 hematological and nine clinical variables for 2357 cases (1692 control, 665 septic). Clinical feature only models (nine variables) were additionally trained and compared with models including hematological variables. Feature importance was used to assess relative contributions of parameters to performance.

Results

The three best performing models were RF, Logistic Regression, and XGBoost. RF achieved an average accuracy of 0.74, AUC‐ROC of 0.73, Sensitivity of 0.38, and Specificity of 0.88. Logistic Regression achieved an average accuracy of 0.70, AUC‐ROC of 0.74, Sensitivity of 0.62, and Specificity of 0.73. XGBoost achieved an average accuracy of 0.72, AUC‐ROC of 0.71, Sensitivity of 0.40, and Specificity of 0.85. All models with hematological variables had significantly stronger performance than models trained on only clinical features. Neutrophil parameters had the highest average feature importance.

Conclusions

Machine learning models using hematological analyzer data can classify NICU patients as sepsis positive or negative with stronger performance compared to clinical feature only models. Hematological analyzer variables could augment current sepsis classification machine learning algorithms.
The role of high‐density lipoprotein in the regulation of the immune response: implications for atherosclerosis and autoimmunity
Authors: Fernandes das Neves Marisa , Batuca Joana R. , Delgado Alves José
Published: May 2021

Inflammation and immune dysfunction have been increasingly recognized as crucial mechanisms in atherogenesis. Modifications in cell lipid metabolism, plasma dyslipidaemia and particularly low high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) levels occur both in atherosclerosis and in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (which are strongly associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis), suggesting the presence of a crucial link. HDL, the plasma lipoprotein responsible for reverse cholesterol transport, is known for its several protective effects in the context of atherosclerosis. Among these, HDL immunomodulatory effects are possibly the less understood. Through the efflux of cholesterol from plasma cell membranes with the consequent disruption of lipid rafts and the interaction with the cholesterol transporters present in the plasma membrane, HDL affects both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Animal and human studies have demonstrated a predominance of HDL anti‐inflammatory effects, despite some pro‐inflammatory actions having also been reported. The HDL role on the modulation of the immune response is further suggested by the detection of low levels together with a dysfunctional HDL in patients with autoimmune diseases. Here, we review the current knowledge of the immune mechanisms of atherosclerosis and the modulatory effects HDL may have on them.
Transcriptome sequencing revealed the molecular mechanism of response of pearl millet root to heat stress
Authors: Sun Min , Lin Chuang , Zhang Ailing , Wang Xiaoshan , Yan Haidong , Khan Imran , Wu Bingchao , Feng Guangyan , Nie Gang , Zhang Xinquan , Huang Linkai
Published: May 2021

High temperature is an environmental factor that affects plant growth and productivity. It is very important to study the changes in plant roots under heat stress (HS) to discover key heat response genes and improve the heat tolerance of plants. Pearl millet is utilized for food, livestock feed and bioenergy materials and is highly tolerant to HS. However, research on the response mechanism of pearl millet roots to HS is limited. In this study, we performed physiological index determination and RNA‐seq on the roots of pearl millet under HS (40/35°C) at 1, 3 and 7 hr. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 3 hr was the highest (8,479), followed by 1 hr (6,250) and 7 hr (5,167). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of DEGs revealed that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and trehalose synthesis pathways were the major responsive pathways after 1 and 3 hr of HS. This study revealed the underlying molecular mechanism of root response to high temperature stress in pearl millet and provided useful information for identifying heat‐resistant genes and breeding heat‐resistant plants.
Superior vena cava isolation with 50 W high power, short duration ablation strategy
Authors: Kusa Shigeki , Hachiya Hitoshi , Sato Yoshikazu , Hara Satoshi , Ohya Hiroaki , Miwa Naoyuki , Yamao Kazuya , Iesaka Yoshito , Sasano Tetsuo
Published: May 2021

Introduction

The optimal ablation strategy is unknown regarding a superior vena cava isolation (SVCI). This study aimed to examine the feasibility and safety and to analyze the lesion characteristics of the SVCI using high‐power, short‐duration (HPSD) ablation.

Methods and Results

A total of 100 patients underwent an index SVCI using HPSD (n = 50, HPSD group) or conventional lower‐power and longer‐duration (n = 50, LPLD group) ablation, using the Thermocool Smarttouch SF. In the HPSD group, ablation was performed with a power of 50 W for 7 s, and was limited to 4 s at the lateral segment close to the right phrenic nerve. The ablation setting used in the LPLD group was 20–25 W for 20–30 s and was limited to 10–20 W for 15–30 s at the lateral segment when diaphragmatic capture was seen. An electrical SVCI was achieved in all patients. The HPSD group required a significantly shorter procedure time (10.8 ± 3.2 vs. 14.8 ± 6.4 min;p < .01), shorter radiofrequency duration (49 ± 16 vs. 282 ± 124 s;p < .01), fewer lesions (8.3 ± 2.5 vs. 10.4 ± 4.4;p < .01), and lower ablation index (316 ± 38 vs. 356 ± 62;p < .001) than the LPLD group. The incidence of a postprocedural asymptomatic mild diaphragmatic elevation was comparable (2% in the HPSD group vs. 6% in the LPLD group;p = .61).

Conclusion

The 50‐W HPSD ablation strategy allowed for a successful, fast, and safe SVCI with the fewer ablation lesions and the lower ablation index.
Pathological mechanism of chondrocytes and the surrounding environment during osteoarthritis of temporomandibular joint
Authors: Li Baochao , Guan Guangzhao , Mei Li , Jiao Kai , Li Huang
Published: May 2021

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis is a common chronic degenerative disease of the TMJ. In order to explore its aetiology and pathological mechanism, many animal models and cell models have been constructed to simulate the pathological process of TMJ osteoarthritis. The main pathological features of TMJ osteoarthritis include chondrocyte death, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and subchondral bone remodelling. Chondrocyte apoptosis accelerates the destruction of cartilage. However, autophagy has a protective effect on condylar chondrocytes. Degradation of ECM not only changes the properties of cartilage but also affects the phenotype of chondrocytes. The loss of subchondral bone in the early stages of TMJ osteoarthritis plays an aetiological role in the onset of osteoarthritis. In recent years, increasing evidence has suggested that chondrocyte hypertrophy and endochondral angiogenesis promote TMJ osteoarthritis. Hypertrophic chondrocytes secrete many factors that promote cartilage degeneration. These chondrocytes can further differentiate into osteoblasts and osteocytes and accelerate cartilage ossification. Intrachondral angiogenesis and neoneurogenesis are considered to be important triggers of arthralgia in TMJ osteoarthritis. Many molecular signalling pathways in endochondral osteogenesis are responsible for TMJ osteoarthritis. These latest discoveries in TMJ osteoarthritis have further enhanced the understanding of this disease and contributed to the development of molecular therapies. This paper summarizes recent cognition on the pathogenesis of TMJ osteoarthritis, focusing on the role of chondrocyte hypertrophy degeneration and cartilage angiogenesis.
Cyclosporine A blocks autophagic flux in tubular epithelial cells by impairing TFEB‐mediated lysosomal function
Authors: Li Zhi‐hang , An Ning , Huang Xi‐jie , Yang Chen , Wu Hong‐luan , Chen Xiao‐cui , Pan Qing‐jun , Liu Hua‐feng
Published: May 2021

Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immunosuppressor widely used for the prevention of acute rejection during solid organ transplantation. However, severe nephrotoxicity has substantially limited its long‐term usage. Recently, an impaired autophagy pathway was suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic CsA nephrotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanisms of CsA‐induced autophagy blockade in tubular cells remain unclear. In the present study, we observed that CsA suppressed the activation and expression of transcription factor EB (TFEB) by increasing the activation of mTOR, in turn promoting lysosomal dysfunction and autophagy flux blockade in tubular epithelial cells (TECs) in vivo and in vitro. Restoration of TFEB activation by Torin1‐mediated mTOR inhibition significantly improved lysosomal function and rescued autophagy pathway activity, suppressing TEC injury. In summary, targeting TFEB‐mediated autophagy flux represents a potential therapeutic strategy for CsA‐induced nephrotoxicity.
Bilirubin is inversely related to diabetic peripheral neuropathy assessed by sural nerve conduction study
Authors: Abe Kentaro , Maeda Yasutaka , Matsuzaki Chitose , Yokomizo Hisashi , Inoue Tomoaki , Sonoda Noriyuki , Ogawa Yoshihiro , Inoguchi Toyoshi
Published: May 2021

Aims/Introduction

Diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) depends on subjective findings, certain investigations for DPN risks have not been performed enough. Bilirubin protects against vascular complications by reducing oxidative stress in diabetes, but is not fully tested for DPN. This study aimed to evaluate sural nerve conduction impairments (SNCI) as an objective DPN marker and the contribution of bilirubin to SNCI.

Materials and methods

Using DPN‐Check®, SNCI was defined as a decline of amplitude potential or conduction velocity below the normal limit in 150 inpatients with diabetes. The correlations between SNCI and conventional DPN diagnosis criteria, the incidence of diabetic retinopathy/nephropathy, biomarkers for atherosclerosis, cardiac function by ultrasonic cardiogram, and bilirubin were statistically tested, followed by the comparison of logistic regression models for SNCI to find confounders with bilirubin.

Results

The incidence of SNCI was 72.0%. The sensitivity and specificity of SNCI for DPN prediagnosis by simplified criteria were 54.6 and 90.5%, respectively, and similarly corresponded with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy (sensitivity 57.4 and 50.0%, respectively). SNCI significantly related to diabetes duration, declined estimated glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria and total bilirubin. SNCI incidence was attenuated in the higher bilirubin tertiles (89.8/65.3/54.8%, P < 0.001). Bilirubin was an independent inverse risk factor for SNCI, even after adjustment by known risk factors for DPN and markers for microvascular complications.

Conclusions

SNCI is a comprehensive marker for diabetic complications. We first showed the independent inverse relationship between bilirubin and SNCI through the independent pathway with other complications, provably reducing oxidative stress, as previously reported.
Impact of resin composite cement on color of computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing ceramics
Authors: Liebermann Anja , Mandl Alicia , Eichberger Marlis , Stawarczyk Bogna
Published: May 2021

Objective

To analyze the impact of the color of a resin composite cement (RCC) on the optical properties of different computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramics.

Materials and methods

Specimens (N = 220, thickness: 0.9 ± 0.03 mm) were fabricated from: leucite (Initial LRF Block/IPS Empress CAD), lithium disilicate (Amber Mill/IPS e.max CAD), lithium metasilicate (Celtra Duo), and lithium alumina silicate ceramic (n!ce) in translucency levels HT and LT. All specimens were bonded with an RCC (Light+/Warm+). Color was analyzed (spectrophotometer) initially as well as after bonding of RCC with CAD/CAM ceramics using CIELab and CIEDE2000. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, one‐way ANOVA and t test served for analyzing (α = 0.05).

Results

Highest impact on ΔE presented the choice of ceramic (ηp2 = 0.155/p < 0.001), followed by translucency level (HT/LT; ηp2 = 0.050/p = 0.001) as well as interaction between ceramic and translucency level (ηp2 = 0.175/p < 0.001). ΔE00 was mainly influenced by the choice of ceramic (ηp2 = 0.490/p < 0.001), the shade of resin composite (ηp2 = 0.031/p = 0.012) as well as the interaction between ceramic and resin composite (ηp2 = 0.258/p < 0.001).

Conclusions

RCC shades presented differential impacts on color change of CAD/CAM ceramics.

Clinical significance

Knowledge of the impact of available RCC shades on different CAD/CAM ceramics is crucial for an esthetic outcome and proper selection of ceramic restorations.
Diagnostic accuracy of virtual cognitive assessment and testing: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Watt Jennifer A. , Lane Natasha E. , Veroniki Areti Angeliki , Vyas Manav V. , Williams Chantal , Ramkissoon Naveeta , Thompson Yuan , Tricco Andrea C. , Straus Sharon E. , Goodarzi Zahra
Published: May 2021

Background/Objectives

Virtual (i.e., telephone or videoconference) care was broadly implemented because of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our objectives were to compare the diagnostic accuracy of virtual to in‐person cognitive assessments and tests and barriers to virtual cognitive assessment implementation.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Setting

MEDLINE, EMBASE, CDSR, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and gray literature (inception to April 1, 2020).

Participants and interventions

Studies describing the accuracy or reliability of virtual compared with in‐person cognitive assessments (i.e., reference standard) for diagnosing dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), identifying virtual cognitive test cutoffs suggestive of dementia or MCI, or describing correlations between virtual and in‐person cognitive test scores in adults.

Measurements

Reviewer pairs independently conducted study screening, data abstraction, and risk of bias appraisal.

Results

Our systematic review included 121 studies (15,832 patients). Two studies demonstrated that virtual cognitive assessments could diagnose dementia with good reliability compared with in‐person cognitive assessments: weighted kappa 0.51 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41–0.62) and 0.63 (95% CI 0.4–0.9), respectively. Videoconference‐based cognitive assessments were 100% sensitive and specific for diagnosing dementia compared with in‐person cognitive assessments in a third study. No studies compared telephone with in‐person cognitive assessment accuracy. The Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS; maximum score 41) and modified TICS (maximum score 50) were the only virtual cognitive tests compared with in‐person cognitive assessments in >2 studies with extractable data for meta‐analysis. The optimal TICS cutoff suggestive of dementia ranged from 22 to 33, but it was 28 or 30 when testing was conducted in English (10 studies; 1673 patients). Optimal modified TICS cutoffs suggestive of MCI ranged from 28 to 31 (3 studies; 525 patients). Sensory impairment was the most often voiced condition affecting assessment.

Conclusion

Although there is substantial evidence supporting virtual cognitive assessment and testing, we identified critical gaps in diagnostic certainty.
Methodology and optimization tool for a personalized low environmental impact and healthful diet specific to country and season
Authors: Walker Christie , Pfister Stephan , Hellweg Stefanie
Published: May 2021

To remain within the limits of the planetary boundaries and address increasing disease rates due to poor eating habits, there needs to be a major shift in dietary patterns. The composition of an optimal diet changes depending on location, season, and personalized dietary needs. We develop a methodology to build a 500+ food item, nutrient, and environmental impact database specific to a given country and month, which includes several life cycle stages of a food item and calculates impacts depending on from where the item is sourced. This database is then used to develop a detailed and personalized, healthful, low impact diet by using linear optimization. We applied this methodology to several case studies to compare what low impact diets would look like depending on country (Switzerland vs. Spain), season (August vs. February), sex, the inclusion of dietary supplements, and for different diet types and impact categories (climate change and biodiversity loss). Results indicate that, although optimized diets are similar, there are marked differences in the detailed composition depending on country, season, and impact considered, especially regarding legume choice. The lowest impact diet contained local and imported foods as well as fish. Vegan diets had the lowest impact only when incorporating a supplement to meet nutrient needs. We developed a tool to be used for personalized diet composition assessments for any global geographical location and season. We anticipate this work to be useful for developing country‐ and season‐specific dietary guidelines and for consumers hoping to reduce their own personal impacts.
A novel treatment of intertrigo in athletes and overweight subjects
Authors: Verzì Anna Elisa , Nasca Maria Rita , Dall’Oglio Federica , Cosentino Chiara , Micali Giuseppe
Published: May 2021

Background

Intertrigo is a recurrent inflammatory dermatosis involving large/small body folds. Skin barrier products represent the mainstay of treatment in uncomplicated mild/moderate intertrigo.

Aims

To assess by clinical and instrumental evaluation the efficacy and tolerability of a new barrier spray containing zinc gluconate‐taurine complex and zinc oxide combined with panthenol, glycerin, and Shea (Butyrospermum parkii) butter in mild‐to‐moderate intertrigo in athletes and overweight subjects.

Methods

In this open‐label prospective trial, 20 adult patients, with mild/moderate intertrigo enrolled at the Dermatology University Clinic of Catania (Italy), were instructed to apply the spray twice daily for 30 days. Degree of erythema was performed clinically and by polarized dermoscopy using a 5‐point severity scale (from 0=no erythema to 4=severe erythema) at baseline, and at 15 and 30 days. The measurement of pruritus was carried out by a subject‐completed visual analog scale (VAS) (from 0 mm=no pruritus to 100 mm=severe pruritus), at all time points. An Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) using a 6‐point scale (from −1=worsening to 4=complete response/clear) was also conducted at 30 days, along with a self‐administered tolerability questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9.

Results

At 15 days, a statically significant reduction from baseline in erythema severity (mean from 3.4 ± 0.3 to 2.5 ± 0.2) along with pruritus intensity (mean from 70 ± 15.4 mm to 40 ± 9.5 mm) was observed. At 30 days, all evaluated parameters showed a further progressive statistically significant reduction from baseline. No relevant side effects were recorded.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the tested spay containing antiseptic/anti‐inflammatory and anti‐irritation agents may represent a valid therapeutic option for mild/moderate intertrigo.
Self‐stigma and psychosocial burden of patients with port‐wine stain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wanitphakdeedecha Rungsima , Sudhipongpracha Tatchalerm , Ng Janice Natasha C. , Yan Chadakan , Jantarakolica Tatre
Published: May 2021

Background

Port‐wine stain (PWS) is a congenital malformation that does not resolve spontaneously and can lead to social and self‐stigma. However, little is known about how PWS affects the patients' quality of life (QoL) and psychosocial well‐being. In this article, we examine the existing empirical evidence on self‐stigma caused by PWS.

Methods

A systematic review was done using MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases on January 15, 2021 to retrieve all case reports, cohort studies, and clinical trials written in English. The keywords used in this literature search included port‐wine stain, quality of life, self‐stigma, and social stigma.

Results

From the 74 initial records, eight articles were quantitative studies that assessed the QoL and self‐stigma experienced by PWS patients. With regard to perceived stigma or the patients’ understanding of how others think and act toward them, we found that the parents of children with facial PWS tend to have more perceived stigma than the children. For anticipated stigma or expectations of future stigma, young patients with PWS have less or no concern about their skin conditions. In terms of enacted stigma or experiences with discriminatory acts, there were significant differences in the QoL score between patients with facial PWS and those with non‐facial PWS.

Conclusion

This study suggests that self‐stigma caused by PWS affects young patients and their parents. The parents in particular tend to suffer more than their children from perceived and anticipated stigma. Psychological support and early treatment can improve the livelihoods of young patients and their parents.
Nationwide survey (Japan) on spontaneous hemoperitoneum in pregnancy
Authors: Hagimoto Miki , Tanaka Hiroaki , Osuga Yutaka , Miura Kiyonori , Saito Shigeru , Sato Shoji , Sugawara Junichi , Ikeda Tomoaki
Published: May 2021

Aim

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current state and clinical characteristics of spontaneous hemoperitoneum in pregnancy (SHiP) in Japan by performing a comprehensive survey.

Methods

We reviewed data on pregnant women who developed SHiP during 2013–2017 (for 5 years), and were admitted to any of the perinatal centers in Japan. The survey assessed maternal background and maternal and neonatal prognosis. We divided the cases into two groups, favorable and poor prognosis groups, and made comparisons between the two groups.

Results

Of the 407 facilities in Japan, 267 (66%) facilities responded to our survey. Overall, 31 cases of SHiP were registered. Maternal death occurred in one case (3%) due to liver bleeding with an unknown cause. Of 23 cases with a SHiP onset during pregnancy, 12 (53%) had been misdiagnosed as placental abruption. The prognosis for the fetuses included miscarriage or stillbirth in three cases (10%) and asphyxia in 12 cases (42%). There was no significant correlation between the amount of intra‐abdominal blood loss and neonatal prognosis based on umbilical artery pH. Incidences of preterm birth <32 gestational weeks (adjusted odds ratio, 35.75; 95% confidence interval, 3.46–368.82) were higher in the poor prognosis group than that in the favorable group. Endometriosis and artificial reproductive techniques were both associated with 19% of all cases of SHiP.

Conclusion

SHiP was associated with maternal death and poor fetal prognosis. Prematurity and persistent uterine contractions which might be misdiagnosed as placental abruption seem to contribute to poor fetal prognosis.
Toward a Regeneration of Revolutionary Theory
Authors: Abrams Benjamin
Published: May 2021

Revolutionary theorists are currently immersed in a critical debate about the future of the field. Allinson has argued that a fifth generation of revolutionary theory has passed us by without our noticing, while I have contended that it is revolutionary theory's fourth generation that is decidedly imperilled. Ritter and Beck – for their part‐ contend that we should reject the very idea of theoretical ‘generations’, and instead think of progress in revolutionary theory as a series of ongoing and settled debates about certain key topics. The pair contend that revolutionary theory has reached a consensus on two core debates: defining our object of study and determining appropriate methods. Contrary to this position, I argue that while there is much to praise about rejecting generational imagery, doing so necessarily entails that we also critique the self‐proclaimed ‘fourth generation' with which such imagery is intertwined. Furthermore, I argue that there does not yet exist consensus among revolutionary theorists about a single definition of revolution, or on the question of which methods to use. Finally, I call for a regeneration of revolutionary theory which moves genuinely beyond the generational mythologies of the past.
Living with thalassaemia in Papua New Guinea, the experience of children, adolescents and their families
Authors: Nagiria Violet Regina , Vince John D , Duke Trevor
Published: May 2021

Aim

Thalassaemia, the commonest genetic blood disorder in Papua New Guinea (PNG) presents daunting challenges for the affected children, their parents and families, and the health system. We aimed to describe the quality of life of affected children and adolescents and the experience of and difficulties faced by their parents in the setting of a tertiary referral hospital in PNG.

Methods

A mixed‐methods longitudinal study involving baseline questionnaire, then serial interviews with parents, children and adolescents living with β‐thalassaemia attending Port Moresby General Hospital.

Results

Twenty‐one patients and their families were interviewed over a 6‐month period. Most families originated outside the National Capital District and had migrated to be near the Port Moresby General Hospital and its blood bank services. Thirteen patients had at least one affected sibling and four families had experienced the death of at least one other affected child. No child was receiving chelating agents, and most had clinical evidence of iron overload. There were important impacts of thalassemia on quality of life, including very poor school attendance and some aspects of children's self‐perception. Families faced significant burdens and made genuine sacrifices to care for their children.

Conclusion

Regular blood transfusions increase the life‐span of children with thalassaemia but there is a need to achieve a hyper‐transfusion regimen coupled with chelation therapy. As for all chronic illness, a focused and holistic approach is needed to improve the quality of life for affected children and their families.
Another day, another chance: Daily workplace experiences and their impact on creativity
Authors: McKay Alexander S. , Mohan Mayoor , Reina Christopher S.
Published: May 2021

Creative climate research shows that an employee's perception of their work environment impacts their creative performance. However, variable‐centered approaches (e.g., moderated regression) are often unable to study all climate factors interacting simultaneously, with researchers only able to focus on a few factors at a time. Further, longitudinal climate research shows these perceptions fluctuate over time. To overcome some limitations of variable‐centered approaches, we use a person‐centered approach with a longitudinal focus to (a) identify distinct daily workplace experience profiles, (b) explore the stability of people's workplace experiences over time, and (c) investigate whether daily workplace experiences relate to creativity. We used an archival dataset of 11,245 daily surveys from 221 people asking about their work environment to identify five daily workplace experience profiles. We find people have varying experiences over the course of a project, but that these experiences also appear to be stable within a one‐week period. Finally, we also found that these experiences influence creative self‐perceptions and creative performance behaviors. As such, this study helps integrate various creativity and organizational theories to develop a rich and more holistic understanding of how daily work environment perceptions impact creative work.
Atypical package design and product category prestige
Authors: Kim Tom Joonhwan , Petitjean Margaux
Published: May 2021

Innovation in the design of products has become an important competitive tool of success in the market for many firms (see the virtual issue on Design Innovation in the Journal of Product Innovation Management [2020]). A few firms have had success in the market by adopting innovative designs. But not all innovative designs give success to firms. This research focuses on package design as an important marketing tool of innovation, influencing consumer responses to products. When designing packaging, firms typically follow category‐based visual codes, but they can adopt an innovative design that deviates from the codes, producing atypical package designs. This research shows that the effectiveness of atypical package design depends on product category prestige. Consumers respond to signals about product quality, such as package design, when they believe the signals are credible. When a product category is prestigious, consumers perceive package design as a diagnostic signal. Consumers are more likely to infer high product performance from an atypical package design and choose that product. We compare three dimensions of product design (aesthetics, functionality, and symbolism) to reveal that functionality is the reason why consumers prefer an atypical package design in a prestigious category. A series of studies show that the preference for atypical package design becomes stronger when consumers are choosing products in a prestigious category than in a standard category. The preference for atypical package design is attenuated when other information related to performance is provided, even when the aesthetics and symbolism of atypical package design do not change.
Species‐level ichthyoplankton dynamics for 97 fishes in two major river basins of the Amazon using quantitative metabarcoding
Authors: Mariac Cédric , Renno Jean‐François , Carmen Garcia‐Davila  , Vigouroux Yves , Mejia Eduardo , Angulo Carlos , Castro Ruiz Diana , Estivals Guillain , Nolorbe Christian , García Vasquez Aurea , Nuñez Jesus , Cochonneau Gérard , Flores Mayra , Alvarado Jhon , Vertiz José , Chota‐Macuyama Werner , Sánchez Homero , Miranda Guido , Duponchelle Fabrice
Published: May 2021

The Amazon basin holds the world's largest freshwater fish diversity. Information on the intensity and timing of reproductive ecology of Amazonian fish is scant. We use a metabarcoding method by capture using a single probe to quantify species‐level ichthyoplankton dynamics. We sampled the Marañón and the Ucayali rivers in Peru monthly for 2 years. We identified 97 species that spawned mainly during the flood start, the flood end or the receding periods, although some species had spawning activity in more than one period. This information was new for 40 of the species in the Amazon basin and 80 species in Peru. Most species ceased spawning for a month during a strong hydrological anomaly in January 2016, demonstrating the rapidity with which they react to environmental modifications during the breeding season. We also document another unreported event in the Amazon basin, the inverse phenology of species belonging to one genus (Triportheus). Overall larval flow in the Marañón was more than twice that of the Ucayali, including for most commercial species (between two and 20 times higher), whereas the Ucayali accounts for ~80% of the fisheries landings in the region. Our results are discussed in the light of the main anthropogenic threats to fishes, hydropower dam construction and the Hidrovía Amazónica, and should serve as a pre‐impact baseline.
Being and becoming a nurse: Toward an ontological and reflexive turn in first‐year nursing education
Authors: Jenkins Karen , Kinsella Elizabeth Anne , DeLuca Sandra
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we call for an ontological and reflexive turn in first‐year nursing education. An ontological turn focuses on formation, the ‘being’ and ‘becoming’ of a nurse, and emphasizes the value of nursing knowledge. First‐year nursing students often possess romanticized ideals about being a nurse that devalues the knowledge and expertise of nurses. We posit a thoughtful ontological orientation within nursing education that shifts the emphasis toward becoming skillful nurses, with expertise grounded in nursing perspectives. A focus on formation includes discussions regarding ideologies, dominant perspectives, and reflexive explorations of students’ views of nursing juxtaposed with the realities of nursing practice. We propose ontologic reflexivity as an approach to consider what perspectives are prioritized (or not) within the nursing classroom. Within pedagogical dialogic spaces, ontologic reflexivity calls on educators to create opportunities for students to learn the value of nursing knowledge along with other forms of knowledge. We consider ways in which an ontological and reflexive turn within the first year of nursing education may contribute to the formation of nursing students who value nursing knowledge, are open‐minded to various forms of knowledge, and possess an intentional reflexive way of being.
A practical and ethical toolkit for last‐minute refusal of anesthetic in children
Authors: Massie John , Skinner Adam , McKenzie Ian , Gillam Lynn
Published: May 2021

Children's fear of a procedure, including the anesthetic, is a common issue that operating theatre staff face. This fear is generally mitigated by preesthetic preparation and information sharing. Last‐minute refusal of a procedure creates unique difficulties for the anesthetist and proceduralist. Refusal for a procedure raises issues of whether the dissent is binding, and if not, how best to get the child to theatre without creating moral injury. In this case review of a young adolescent who refuses to go to the operating theatre, we explore practical and ethical options to resolve the situation. We discuss respect for persons (including assent and consent), best interests, truth‐telling, harm minimization, and restraint. The importance of a postevent debrief is discussed. We also assess the value of a clinical ethics service with team members embedded in clinical teams.
Eternalism as Therapy: Mourning the Death of Michael Besso
Authors: Sweeney Paula
Published: May 2021

It is often assumed that an eternalist and a presentist will have the same emotional response to life's events because, regardless of one's metaphysical beliefs, we all have the same phenomenological experience of time passing and it is this experience that is relevant to emotional response. I question the assumption that beliefs about the metaphysics of time can have little impact on one's emotional responses and establish the position that scientific and metaphysical beliefs can offer succour.
Interventional pain training using phantom model during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Silva Victor , Martínez Luis , Santiago Margarita , López Anna , Sánchez Juan , Vázquez‐Garza Eduardo , Cantú Fernando , García Baltazar , Chora Daniel , Guerra Miguel , Franco‐Cabrera María
Published: May 2021

Background

Fluoroscopic‐guided lumbar procedures have increased in daily pain practice because the lumbar spine is one of the most common sources of pain. Interventional pain fellows must develop a minimum number of skills during their training in order to achieve the competences without neglecting radiological safety. However, medical training in fluoroscopic‐guided interventions is being affected by the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) situation.

Methods

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a phantom model for lumbar injection as a training strategy during the COVID‐19 pandemic in fellows of interventional pain. The study was divided into theoretical and practical modules. The hands‐on practice was performed in a lumbar model phantom where fellows were evaluated in four fluoroscopically guided approaches: intra‐articular facet block (IAFB), medial branch block (MBB), transforaminal block (TFB), and interlaminar block (ILB) divided in 5 sessions. The aim was to make as many punctures as possible in every session. We measured total procedural performance (TPP), total needle hand time (TNH), and total radiation dose generated by the fluoroscopic machine (TRD) during each procedure. Additionally, a survey was applied to evaluate confidence and satisfaction before and after training.

Results

A total of 320 lumbar punctures were completed. The results were statistically significant in all approaches attempted (p < 0.01). The fellow’s survey for satisfaction and confidence demonstrated a significant difference between pre and post‐test (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The results of this study highlight the importance of adaptations and adoption of new educational models. The use of the phantom model for simulation could be a strategy for other emerging situations, like the COVID‐19 pandemic. Including this practice in the interventional pain programs could lead to better results for the patient and operator radiology safety.
Halcyon days: the heyday of the Photogrammetric Society?
Authors: Wickens E. H. , Dallas R. W. A.
Published: May 2021

The Photogrammetric Society existed as an independent learned society for some 50 years, from the 1950s to 2001. This period coincided with the growth of photogrammetry in the UK to become a well‐recognised and widely adopted methodology. A detailed history of the Society during that period was published by Atkinson and Newton in 2002. This paper attempts to give a more personalised view of the role and achievements of the Society through the eyes of a number of Society members. It focuses on the period from the 1970s to the 1990s – the heyday of the Society?
Identification and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with root and stem rot of sweet potato in Brazil
Authors: de Mello Juliana F. , Brito Amanda C. Q. , Vieira Janiele C. B. , Câmara Marcos P. S. , Michereff Sami J. , de Souza‐Motta Cristina M. , Machado Alexandre R.
Published: May 2021

The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is characterized by the production of tuberous roots rich in starch and is one of the most produced and consumed vegetables in Brazil. Botryosphaeriaceae, among other fungi, are known to cause root and stem rot of sweet potato. However, no representative and accurate study has been performed for the correct identification of these fungal species in sweet potato in Brazil. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with root and stem rot of sweet potato and confirm their pathogenicity. Tuberous roots and stems of sweet potato with rot symptoms were collected in production fields and markets and used for fungal isolations. The identification of fungi was based on the morphology of reproductive structures and phylogenetic analyses of the gene regions ITS, tef1‐α, and rpb2. The following species were identified: Lasiodiplodia theobromae, L. hormozganensis, Macrophomina phaseolina, M. euphorbiicola, M. pseudophaseolina, and Neoscytalidium dimidiatum. For the pathogenicity test, one representative isolate for each species was inoculated in healthy tuberous roots and in 30‐day‐old healthy seedlings. Black and necrotic lesions on tuberous roots and stems were observed in all replications and resulted in the death of some seedlings. This is the first report of L. hormozganensis, M. pseudophaseolina, and M. euphorbiicola, as causal agents of the stem and root rot of sweet potato and N. dimidiatum as a causal agent of stem rot worldwide.
Ultraviolet‐B exposure and exogenous hydrogen peroxide application lead to cross‐tolerance toward drought in Nicotiana tabacum L.
Authors: Sáenz‐de la O Diana , Morales Luis O. , Strid Åke , Torres‐Pacheco Irineo , Guevara‐González Ramón G.
Published: May 2021

Acclimation of plants to water deficit involves biochemical and physiological adjustments. Here, we studied how ultraviolet (UV)‐B exposure and exogenously applied hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) potentiates drought tolerance in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. xanthi nc). Separate and combined applications for 14 days of 1.75 kJ m−2 day−1 UV‐B radiation and 0.2 mM H2O2 were assessed. Both factors, individually and combined, resulted in inhibition of growth. Furthermore, the combined treatment led to the most compacted plants. UV‐B‐ and UV‐B + H2O2‐treated plants increased total antioxidant capacity and foliar epidermal flavonol index. H2O2‐ and UV‐B + H2O2‐pre‐treated plants showed cross‐tolerance to a subsequent 7‐day moderate drought treatment, which was assessed as the absence of negative impact on growth, leaf wilting, and leaf relative water content. Plant responses to the pre‐treatment were notably different: (1) H2O2 increased the activity of catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (EC 4.3.1.5), and peroxidase activities (EC 1.11.1.7), and (2) the combined treatment induced epidermal flavonols which were key to drought tolerance. We report synergistic effects of UV‐B and H2O2 on transcription accumulation of UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8, NAC DOMAIN PROTEIN 13 (NAC13), and BRI1‐EMS‐SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1). Our data demonstrate a pre‐treatment‐dependent response to drought for NAC13, BES1, and CHALCONE SYNTHASE transcript accumulation. This study highlights the potential of combining UV‐B and H2O2 to improve drought tolerance which could become a useful tool to reduce water use.
Testing by Betting: A Strategy for Statistical and Scientific Communication
Authors: Shafer Glenn
Published: May 2021

The most widely used concept of statistical inference—the p-value—is too complicated for effective communication to a wide audience. This paper introduces a simpler way of reporting statistical evidence: report the outcome of a bet against the null hypothesis. This leads to a new role for likelihood, to alternatives to power and confidence, and to a framework for meta-analysis that accommodates both planned and opportunistic testing of statistical hypotheses and probabilistic forecasts. This framework builds on the foundation for mathematical probability developed in previous work by Vladimir Vovk and myself.
The Body, The Self: How Women Ex‐Offenders in a Re‐Entry Program Negotiate Gendered, Embodied Identities, and the Implications for Desistance
Authors: Wesely Jennifer K.
Published: May 2021

Existing scholarship posits that gender is socially constructed, with meanings attributed to bodies that signify conventions of masculinity and femininity. Such embodied constructs are integral to self and identity, though these meanings can be negotiated and fluid. Recent criminological work has found that changes in identity are essential to desisting from crime and that desistance processes are gendered. Yet little extant literature has examined how gendered, embodied identities play a role in the lived experiences of women who offend as well as their efforts to desist from crime. This exploratory study aims to address this dearth. In‐depth interviews with women ex‐offenders in a re‐entry program reveal two central constructions of gendered, embodied identity that framed the women’s descriptions of their lived experiences before and during their incarceration: sexualization and pathologization. These meanings played a role in participants’ efforts to desist from crime, contributing new dimensions of understanding about this topic.
Causal mechanisms in the analysis of transnational social policy dynamics: Evidence from the global south
Authors: Kuhlmann Johanna , ten Brink Tobias
Published: May 2021

The aim of this Regional Issue is to generate new findings on social policy dynamics in the Global South and on the transnational factors that shape them. It suggests that the concept of causal mechanisms is particularly well suited for analyzing these dynamics. This introduction presents the concept of causal mechanisms, as well as different approaches to analyzing mechanisms in transnational social policy dynamics. It then summarizes the key findings of the individual articles, which utilize a plurality of mechanism‐based approaches to enable a fine‐grained analysis and explanation through in‐depth case studies, covering the fields of pensions, health, vocational education, long‐term care, immigrant welfare rights, and food subsidies. Finally, the introduction reflects on the implications of the findings for the study of transnational social policy dynamics, and how the study of causal mechanisms can enrich our understanding of these processes.
Informality during migration, “conversion” within and across national spaces: Eliciting moral ambivalence among informal brokers
Authors: Ho Elaine Lynn‐Ee , Ting Wen‐Ching
Published: May 2021

Conditions of precarity, irregularity, and illegality are often associated with informality. Yet the functional and analytical value of informality as a condition and process underpinning the migration industry and infrastructure has yet to be fully investigated. This paper considers first, how is informality constructed within national space and across national spaces (i.e., transnationally) during migration? Second, in the context of migration, what does informality reveal of the binaries associated with legality/illegality and morality/immorality? Third, what does inhabiting informality as a “negotiated space” achieve for the various stakeholders who are involved in mediating migration? We address these questions through a study of how foreign domestic workers (FDWs) migrate from Myanmar to work in Singapore. Although FDWs can secure legal documents from Singapore (the receiving country), the government of Myanmar (the sending country) considered migration for domestic work illegal until it lifted a ban on such migration in April 2019. Even so, the government will to formalise and enforce legal migration in Myanmar has been lagging, alongside a lack of traction for multi‐stakeholder collaboration in this direction. Through discussing informality during the recruitment, training, and deployment stages, we draw attention to how informal brokers experience “moral ambivalence,” a condition that can be seen as a resource that illuminates new political and social subjectivities, as well as a means for the brokers to manage risks and uncertainties during migration.