bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
It's Complicated: Adult Adoptees’ Relationship Quality and Contact Frequency in Estrangement
Authors: Baden Amanda L. , Kim Adam Y. , Randall Rebecca , Jasmin Marcus , Kobus Amy , Haywood Tatia , Nsenkyire Kafi , Holtz Nam
Published: January 2025

Narratives from adult adopted individuals highlight their complex relationships with their adoptive families. The range of these relationships, including cutoffs and estrangement, has yet to be explored psychologically. Therefore, we set out to understand how these complicated relationships relate to psychological adjustment and communication. Adult adoptees ( n = 205), including an oversampling of those who self-reported as having poor relationships with their adoptive families, completed a survey on the quality of their relationships with their adoptive families, the frequency of contact with their adoptive parents, and their mental health. We found that (a) those who had more frequent contact with their adoptive parents reported a more positive relationship and (b) those who had a more positive relationship with their adoptive parents reported lower levels of anxiety and depression. Although previous research with non-adopted populations suggests some benefits to estrangement, dynamics within adoptive families may differ in ways not yet explored.
Navigating Maternal Technoference: A Qualitative Study on the Ramifications of Social Media Impediments on Mother-Child Attachment
Authors: Saeed Maria , Ali Rabia
Published: January 2025

The primary goal of this paper is to examine maternal navigations in the digital landscape and the reverberations of online interactions on mother-child attachment. Grounded in the social constructivist and interpretivist philosophical approach, the present study utilizes a qualitative case study design within cultural context of Pakistani society, involving educated housewives caring for their children aged 5–12. An interview guide was used for data collection from a sample size of 47 participants selected through purposive and snowball sampling methods. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. This paper unveils the challenges posed by social media platforms’ usage, i.e., reduced attention from mothers toward their children, reduced participation in children's endeavors, children experiencing need neglect, and mother-child interaction during conflicts among children. Overall, the present research paper adds a nuanced contribution to the existing body of knowledge by exploring the dynamics of mother's social media usage and its ramifications on mother-child attachment in the context of developing countries, emphasizing mindful and informed parenting in this digital age to ensure a brighter future of generations.
I Come From: Using Collaborative Auto/Biographical Poetry to Foster Transdisciplinarity and Build Inclusion
Authors: Vytniorgu Richard , Makita Meiko , Sixsmith Judith , Fang Mei Lan
Published: January 2025

Transdisciplinarity refers to ways of working that bring together people from different backgrounds—academic and nonacademic—to address real-world challenges. This article explores how team members on the IncludeAge project, funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council, enabled transdisciplinary ways of working to build inclusion in the project, by designing and facilitating a collaborative auto/biography poetry activity for transdisciplinary team members. The article demonstrates the potential for using collaborative creative writing to foster transdisciplinarity and build inclusion within the context of a research project with multiple team members from different backgrounds. The article aims to contribute to methodological discussions on transdisciplinary ways of working in research, particularly with seldom-heard populations, and how creative methods such as auto/biography and collaborative poetry writing may contribute to these.
The Impact of Congestion Pricing Plan on the Value of Residential Properties: Evidence from Tehran
Authors: Yousefi Kowsar , Amini Arya
Published: January 2025

Effective urban policies contribute to new equilibrium patterns, improving environmental amenities and reducing traffic congestion. Nevertheless, residents may find certain urban policies limiting. Thus, it is crucial to evaluate their impacts on different urban outcomes. We use a disaggregated dataset of transacted residential buildings during two events of pricing and unpricing in Tehran and employ the Difference-in-Difference methodology to find the causal effects of these policies on residential housing values. Findings indicate that pricing reduces the housing value by about 7%, while unpricing increases it. Our study contributes to the literature by providing evidence that urban policies may considerably change the valuation patterns of different areas. This work also cautions policymakers in cities dealing with debates over zoning, such as New York and San Francisco, while considering of the impact of different cities’ heterogeneous features.
Horse antithymocyte globulin test doses and infusion reactions in adults with aplastic anemia: A multicenter retrospective experience
Authors: Shinn Lauren T , Wagner Charlotte B , Desai Ruchi , Marini Bernard L
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Horse antithymocyte globulin carries a black box warning for life-threatening anaphylactic reactions, and prescribing information recommends test doses to identify patients at highest risk of this adverse effect. The predictive value of such test doses is not well validated, and practicality of use is unclear.

Methods

This was a planned secondary analysis of a multicenter, retrospective cohort study in adults with severe aplastic anemia being managed with horse antithymocyte globulin as part of their treatment regimen. Qualitative and quantitative descriptions of test doses and infusion reactions are summarized, alongside key institutional administration practices.

Results

Of 49 patients who received intradermal test doses, two experienced positive reactions and went onto receive their full horse antithymocyte globulin course through prolonged infusion time or desensitization. Infusion reaction rate in patients with negative test doses was 61%, corresponding to a negative predictive value of 39%. Premedication, infusion time, and infusion reaction management were similar across institutions.

Conclusion

Horse antithymocyte globulin has a high risk of infusion reactions that must be monitored and managed closely. However, test doses do not consistently predict who will experience an infusion reaction, and their practicality may be limited with current administration practices.
Addition of an NK1 receptor antagonist to standard antiemetic prophylaxis in patients with B-cell lymphoma receiving EPOCH
Authors: English Sloane , Lei Matthew , Sorial Mark , Roeland Eric J. , Lou Uvette
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Data on the optimal management of patients with hematologic malignancies and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are lacking, particularly for multiday chemotherapy regimens. We report our institutional experience in patients with B-cell lymphoma receiving multiday dose-adjusted R-EPOCH chemotherapy utilizing two CINV prophylaxis strategies.

Methods

We performed a retrospective, single-center, cohort study evaluating hospitalized patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma receiving DA-R-EPOCH (April 2016 to October 2022). All patients received prophylactic corticosteroid and 5HT3-receptor antagonist, and were categorized by the addition of an NK1 receptor antagonist (NK1RA) or not. The primary outcome was complete response (CR, no vomiting, and no rescue medication use) over 120 h. Secondary outcomes included as-needed antiemetic use (acute, delayed, and overall phases), CR without escalating prophylactic antiemetics in cycle 2, and complete control. We performed a descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression for NK1RA use, adjusting for age and sex.

Results

Of 128 patients, 56 (43.8%) received an NK1RA as part of their antiemetic regimen, and 72 (56.3%) did not. No patients received prophylactic olanzapine. CR was achieved in 32 (57.1%) of those who received an NK1RA and 30 (41.7%) who did not (OR 0.45; 95% CI, 0.21–0.96; p = 0.039). We observed trends between groups in as-needed antiemetics use (29 [51.8%] vs. 49 [68.1%]; p = 0.061), with most use in the delayed phase (22 [39.3%] vs. 37 [51.4%], p = 0.173). We found no difference in healthcare utilization between the first and second cycle.

Conclusion

CINV control in patients with non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma receiving DA-R-EPOCH in the hospital was suboptimal. These data support the need to optimize prophylactic antiemetic regimens for patients receiving DA-R-EPOCH.
Hospital Fear Points and Fear Levels of Children 5-10 Years Old
Authors: Tuncay Suat , Sarman Abdullah
Published: January 2025

Aim: This study aimed to determine hospital fear points, specific aspects of the hospital experience that are particularly frightening for children, and fear levels of children 5–10 years old who are admitted to the hospital. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study of 210 children in eastern Turkey aged 5–10 years used a Demographic Findings and Hospital Fears Form and the Child Fear Scale to collect data about the children's demographics, the opinions of the mothers about their children's fears, and the children's fears about the hospital. Results: Children in the outpatient treatment services and emergency department were afraid of blood drawing, intravenous insertion, injections (shots), and separation from their mothers. In the surgical department, in addition to painful procedures, children were most afraid of being forced to undergo the procedure, insertion of medications, being in the operating room, being awakened after surgery, and seeing the incision site. In the inpatient ward, children were most afraid of nurses and doctors entering the room. Conclusions: Children feared painful procedures, separation from their mothers, and the unknown in the hospital setting.
Compassionomics in Action: Professional and Ethical Issues in Home Health Physical Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ditwiler Rebecca E. , Swisher Laura L. , Hardwick Dustin D.
Published: January 2025

Home health physical therapy plays a crucial role in patient recovery and return to the home environment following hospitalization. Despite the significant presence of physical therapists and physical therapist assistants in home health, there has been limited research on the professional and ethical challenges they face. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these challenges, including triaging patients, balancing patient rights with public safety, resource allocation, moral distress, lack of protective equipment, burnout, and organizational challenges. The purpose of this study was to explore the professional and ethical issues encountered by PTs and PTAs in home health care settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative study employed virtual semi-structured interviews with 15 PTs (n = 12) and PTAs (n = 3) to explore these issues. Reflexive thematic analysis produced 4 major themes: the silo effect, caring for patients, pouring from an empty cup, and constant moral conflicts for individuals and organizations. Results demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic created new ethical and professional issues as well as magnifying pre-existing issues. This study revealed experiences similar to other physical therapy settings during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as challenges unique to the home health setting such as the invisibility of the patient and those involved in their care. The study highlights the importance of context in shaping ethical issues and suggests the need for further research, education, and advocacy to address these challenges. Despite these challenges, the dedication and professional duty exhibited by physical therapists and physical therapist assistants during the pandemic were commendable.
Potentially inappropriate prescribing among older adults receiving home health care service: A retrospective study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Rabouzi Mohamed A. , Alharbi Khulud K. , Alkeridy Walid A. , Hajjar Samah H. , Alamri Sultan H.
Published: January 2025

To address the risks associated with potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) in older adults, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of PIP in home health care patients in the Taif Health Cluster, Saudi Arabia. Using the Beers, STOPP, and START criteria, a retrospective analysis was conducted on 400 older adults aged 65 and over who received home health care between February and October 2023. Results indicated that 38.5% of patients had at least one PIP incident, with polypharmacy present in 80.6% of PIP cases. PIP was more prevalent among females and those aged 75 and older. Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) were noted in 80.6% of cases, while potentially inappropriate omissions (PIOs) were recorded in 26.5%. The most frequent cause of PIMs was a lack of a clear indication, affecting 23.3% of total prescriptions. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor antagonists (AIIRAs) were commonly omitted in diabetic patients with renal disease. Findings highlight the need for regular prescription reviews to reduce PIP and improve patient outcomes.
Use of vascular access methods for hemodialysis in Serbia: Results from SerbVasc registry
Authors: Stepanovic Nemanja , Popovic Miroslava , Bogosavac Marijana , Damnjanovic Zoran , Matejevic David , Ljatifi Enes , Zoranovic Radivoje , Jemcov Tamara , Tanaskovic Slobodan , Koncar Igor
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

In many countries, hemodialysis is still the most common method of renal replacement. Significant regional variations exist in creating and maintaining vascular access for hemodialysis. Therefore, analyzing national registries with vascular access data is essential for developing effective national treatment strategies. The Serbian national vascular surgery registry was established as part of the VascuNet collaboration network in 2019. The registry comprehensively records vascular procedures across Serbia, including those related to vascular access for hemodialysis.

Objectives:

This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of different vascular access methods for hemodialysis in Serbia, focusing on both new and prevalent patients and examining demographic differences and risk factors.

Patients and methods:

The data were collected from the vascular accesses section of the SerbVasc registry over a 3-year observational period, focusing on the following aspects: number of incident and prevalent patients with types of vascular access, as well as comparison of patients with arteriovenous fistulas (AVF), arteriovenous grafts (AVG), central venous catheters (CVC), and tCVC based on age, gender, smoking, and comorbidities.

Results:

There were total of 1024 incident hemodialysis patients. AVF was created in 219 patients (21.4%), AVG in 5 patients (0.5%), and tCVC in 150 patients (14.6%), while hemodialysis via CVC was initiated in 650 (63.5%) patients. The total number of permanent vascular accesses for HD was 1402, comprising 686 (48.9%) distal AFVs, 220 (15.7%) proximal AVFs, 91 (6.4%) AVGs, and 405 (28.8%) tCVCs. The prevalence of current smoking was highest in the tCVC (48.3%) and lowest in the dAVF group (18.40%).

Conclusion:

The percentage of patients starting hemodialysis with AVF remains suboptimal. tCVC is used substantially as first and permanent access, particularly among older patients.
Absence of Cysteine and Iron Chelation Induces Ferroptosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Neeraj Manvi Agarwal , Choi JunJeong
Published: January 2025

Background:

Ferroptosis is a recently studied form of programmed cell death characterized by lipid peroxides accumulation in the cells. This process occurs when a cell’s antioxidant capacity is disturbed resulting in the inability of the cell to detoxify the toxic peroxides. Two major components that regulate ferroptosis are cysteine and iron.

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the effect of cysteine deficiency and iron chelation on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) ferroptosis in a lipid-enriched microenvironment.

Design:

The study has a laboratory-based experimental design. This study used the MDA-MB-231 cell line in various in vitro cell culture systems to investigate the research question.

Methods:

For the first part of the study, we subjected MDA-MB-231 cells to grow in cysteine-absent adipocyte-conditioned media. In the second half, we treated MDA-MB-231 cells with iron chelator, deferoxamine. BODIPY imaging and western blot were carried out to observe ferroptosis in the cells under the 2 conditions.

Results:

The results showed that cysteine absence in the conditioned media was able to reduce the formation of lipid droplets, which increased the greater access to free fatty acids to undergo oxidation, therefore inducing ferroptosis. On the contrary, cells when treated with deferoxamine along with erastin (ferroptosis-inducing drug), showed an increase in cell iron content was observed, later inducing ferroptosis.

Conclusion:

Our results show an alternative function of cysteine and deferoxamine, one regulating lipid droplets and the other inducing ferroptosis, although an inhibitor of the same, respectively.
But I am your mother!? Queer-feminist resistance to censorship in fascist times
Authors: Majewska Ewa
Published: January 2025

This article is a feminist-queer discussion of contemporary forms of censorship and resistance to those abuses. Drawing on recent examples from Poland, the emphasis is given to systemic, neoliberal forms of censoring, which make the ‘caring hands of the fascist Leviathan’ even more ready to restrict freedom.
Tribological properties study and prediction of QBe2 beryllium bronze and 7075-T6 aluminum alloys based on machine learning under mixed lubrication
Authors: Li Zhenshun , Qiao Lizhi , Li Jiaqi , An Ben , Li Rui
Published: January 2025

Tribological properties of materials exhibit complex and non-linear correlation with working conditions under mixed lubrication. Selecting an appropriate data-driven method to predict tribological properties is important for accelerating material design and preparation. This paper investigates the tribological performance and wear mechanisms of QBe2 beryllium bronze and 7075-T6 aluminum alloy pairs under grease lubrication by using pin-on-disk friction and wear tests. The tribological performance under different conditions is further predicted using four machine learning algorithms: K-nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Random Forest (RF). The experimental and machine learning results both show that reciprocating frequency has the most significant influence. The dominant wear mechanisms include ploughing and adhesive wear. Furthermore, among the four machine learning models, SVM model performs the best in predicting tribological properties of QBe2 beryllium bronze and 7075-T6 aluminum alloy under mixed lubrication.
“Not just a game”: Power, politics, and media coverage of Qatar's World Cup 2022
Authors: Ben Labidi Imed , Al Zo’by Mazhar Ahmad
Published: January 2025

The intertwined legacy of sports and racism has been a consistent feature in the maintenance of social power, cultural politics, and racial inequality in modern history. Despite providing a critical platform for individual or collective national expressions, sports (as a game and a stage) have also been deployed as strategic tools to articulate a representational vision for western neo-colonial ideology. The aim of this article is to critically examine the pervasive media narratives that have shaped western cultural popular discourse about Qatar's FIFA World Cup as the embodiment of the Arab-Muslim oriental other. Relying on postcolonial theory and discursive analysis, this article argues that the racialized cultural disparagement of the ‘Arab’ and ‘Muslim’ Qatari identity in some popular media narratives during the 2022 FIFA World Cup was in fact a form of neo-colonial anxiety intended to disavow the ‘menacing presence’ of Europe's cultural other within its presumed civilizational domain.
Research Attitudes Questionnaire scores and retention in a recruitment registry
Authors: Witbracht Megan , Xu Yiren , Morgan Olivia B , Salazar Christian R , Hoang Dan , Kind Amy , Gillen Daniel L , Grill Joshua D
Published: January 2025

Background

Recruitment registries are maximally effective when registrants are retained to the point of referral. The Research Attitudes Questionnaire (RAQ) has previously been shown to predict research participation behaviors, including Alzheimer's disease clinical trial completion.

Objective

To test the hypothesis that RAQ score is associated with retention behaviors in a local recruitment registry.

Methods

Using data from the UC Irvine Consent-to-Contact Registry, a recruitment registry that enrolls adults 18 years and older, we used logistic regression to quantify the association of RAQ score and the odds of first-year non-renewal. Covariates included demographic variables, comorbidities, and recruitment source. In longitudinal analyses, we used discrete proportional hazards and Cox proportional hazards models to quantify the relationship between RAQ score and time to non-renewal and time to active withdrawal, respectively.

Results

Among n = 4663 participants, we estimated that a 5-point higher baseline RAQ score was associated with a 15% lower odds of first-year non-renewal, after adjustment for potential confounding factors (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: (0.79, 0.92), p < 0.001). Older age and higher education were also associated with lower odds of non-renewal while Asian race, Hispanic ethnicity, and certain recruitment sources (e.g., doctor or friend referral) were associated with higher odds of non-renewal. Higher baseline RAQ and higher annually updated RAQ were both significantly associated with lower odds of non-renewal longitudinally. Age, education, and some recruitment sources, but not RAQ, were associated with active withdrawal.

Conclusions

Opportunities exist to identify predictors of registry retention behaviors and possible targets for intervention to improve related outcomes.
Modulating effects of fitness and physical activity on Alzheimer's disease: Implications from a six-month randomized controlled sports intervention
Authors: David Shari , Costa Ana S , Hohenfeld Christian , Romanzetti Sandro , Mirzazade Shahram , Pahl Jennifer , Haberl Luisa , Schneider Kai M , Kilders Axel , Eggermann Thomas , Trautwein Christian , Hildebrand Frank , Schulz Jörg B , Reetz Kathrin , Haeger Alexa
Published: January 2025

Background

Physical activity and fitness are major targets in Alzheimer's disease (AD) preventive research. However, current research is heterogeneous and often disregards the relationship between these parameters and disease outcomes.

Objective

To assess the effects of physical activity and fitness on AD within the context of a multicomponent sports intervention.

Methods

46 participants with early-stage AD (mean age 70 ± 7 years, 18 women, mean Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score 19±5) were included in a six-month randomized controlled trial (Dementia-MOVE), participating in either a multicomponent sports intervention or a control condition with a psychoeducational program. The modulating effect of fitness and physical activity changes on AD outcome parameters such as cognition, function and cerebral brain structure from 3T-MRI were examined using multiple linear regression analyses.

Results

An increase in VO2max was associated with assignment to the intervention group ( p = 0.016), lower baseline fitness ( p = 0.001), and an increased rate of physical activity ( p = 0.046). Only in the intervention group, ΔVO2max had a beneficial modulating effect on the MoCA score ( p = 0.039), the executive functions ( p = 0.017) and regional brain volumes of the temporal lobe, e.g., the hippocampus ( p = 0.044). High daily step count was associated with preserved executive functions ( p = 0.001), and caregivers’ quality of life ( p ≤ 0.001) in the overall sample.

Conclusions

Our results confirm that multicomponent exercise improves cardiorespiratory fitness in AD, which is associated with advantageous developments in cognitive performance and preservation of brain structure. These findings suggest that especially patients with comparably worse cognition and fitness benefit and should be encouraged for activity engagement.
Validation of Spatial Orientation Screening questionnaire for use in memory clinic patients
Authors: Tangen Gro Gujord , Engedal Knut , Persson Karin , Selbæk Geir , Dakhil Shams , McArdle Riona , Mjørud Marit , Røsvik Janne , Mengshoel Anne Marit , Knapskog Anne Brita
Published: January 2025

Background

Spatial orientation is required for independent mobility in society. Deficits in spatial orientation can be an early symptom of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, and there is a need for brief assessment tools to identify impairments.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the construct and known-group validity of our newly developed Spatial Orientation Screening (SOS) questionnaire.

Methods

We included 132 patients with subjective cognitive decline (n = 16), mild cognitive impairment (n = 32), or all-cause dementia (n = 84) from a memory clinic and a reference group of cognitively unimpaired older adults (n = 108). The patients and their next-of-kin answered the self- and proxy-rated versions of the 4-item SOS (0–8 points) and the 10-item Questionnaire of Everyday Navigational Ability (QuENA, 0–30 points). The patients also performed the Floor Maze Test (FMT) for performance-based spatial abilities.

Results

Mean ages (SD) of the patient and reference groups were 68.6 (±7.6) years and 73.7 (±6.7) years, respectively. Construct validity between self-rated versions of the SOS and QuENA was satisfactory with rs = 0.66, between the proxy-rated versions rs = 0.61, and between the proxy-reported SOS and FMT rs = 0.49 (all p < 0.001). Known-group validity was also acceptable, with significantly higher median (IQR) SOS self-reported scores in patients 1.0 (2.0) compared to the reference group 0.2 (0.5) points, (p < 0.001). Informants reported more severe impairments compared to the patients’ self-reports on both SOS and QuENA (both p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The SOS had satisfactory validity for use as a screening instrument for assessment of spatial orientation in memory clinic patients.
Discovering potential ERK1 inhibitors from natural products for therapeutic targeting of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Taufeeq Mohammad , Choudhury Arunabh , Hussain Afzal , Alajmi Mohamed F , Mohammad Taj , Shamsi Anas , Hassan Md Imtaiyaz
Published: January 2025

Background

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) belongs to mitogen-activated protein kinases, which are essential for memory formation, cognitive function, and synaptic plasticity. During Alzheimer's disease (AD), ERK1 phosphorylates tau at 15 phosphorylation sites, leading to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. The overactivation of ERK1 in microglia promotes the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which results in neuroinflammation. Additionally, elevated oxidative stress during AD stimulates the ERK1 pathway, leading to neuronal loss.

Objective

Because ERK1 signaling plays a significant role in tau phosphorylation, targeting ERK1 may be therapeutically beneficial by either preventing excessive activation of the signaling pathway or altering its pathway to enhance neuroprotective effects during AD.

Methods

This study employed structure-based virtual screening of phytoconstituents from the IMPPAT library. Subsequently, in-depth docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies were implemented to identify potential ERK1 inhibitors with desirable pharmacological properties.

Results

Silandrin and Hydroxytuberosone were found to be potential ERK1 inhibitors with higher affinity and specificity than the control molecule Tizaterkib. These compounds specifically bind to the ERK1 substrate binding pocket and interact with crucial residues. Finally, the elucidated compounds with ERK1 were evaluated using an all-atom molecular MD simulation to analyze structural dynamics, structural compactness, hydrogen bond dynamics, principal component analysis, and free energy landscape.

Conclusions

The study suggested that Silandrin and Hydroxytuberosone can further be exploited as potential lead molecules for therapeutic development against ERK1-mediated AD.
Tele-mentorship versus in-person mentorship for trainee performance of cricothyroidotomy
Authors: Rosenberg Meagan L. , Goebel Mathew , LaPorte Mackenzie , Carpenter Cassidy , Clark Ryan , Kelly Seth , Carey Yamuna , Kelly Edward , Kamine Tovy H.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Physicians and other first-line medical care providers may find themselves in an airway management emergency where they cannot ventilate, cannot oxygenate, and have limited resources to aid them. The rise in use of tele-health and other virtual interfaces creates the opportunity to bring experienced guidance to a resource-poor critical airway situation. We aimed to compare in-person mentoring (IPM) by an emergency medicine (EM) physician to tele-mentoring (TM) by a trauma surgeon for an emergent surgical airway.

Methods

Thirty EM residents were randomized to cricothyroidotomy on a model with IPM or TM. The IPM preceptor was an EM attending, and TM preceptors were trauma surgeons. The procedure was timed and graded on a Global Rating Scale (GRS). Post-procedure, mentor and trainee completed a NASA Task Load Index (TLX).

Results

There was no difference in procedure success; however, the IPM group took longer (163.6 vs. 107.6 s, p < 0.05). TM trainees experienced greater temporal demand (4.27 vs. 2.73, p = 0.03). Telementors recorded improved performance compared to in-person mentors (2.30 vs. 4.17, p < 0.05). Comparing mentors and trainees in each arm, IPM trainees felt more temporal demand than their mentors (4.63 vs. 2.73, p < 0.05) while TM trainees felt they had worse performance than their mentors perceived (4.23 vs. 2.3, p = 0.01).

Discussion

Performance based on GRS between groups was equal; however, those with telementors secured the airway more rapidly. Telementors reported higher performance and lower time pressure than in-person preceptors. This data suggests that TM is effective for precepting cricothyroidotomy and may be the superior option in some settings.
Advancing African American and hispanic health literacy with a bilingual, personalized, prevention smartphone application
Authors: Sehgal Neil Jay , Jackson Devlon Nicole , Herlihy Christine , Dickerson John , Baur Cynthia
Published: January 2025

Many online health information sources are generic and difficult to understand, but consumers want information to be personalized and understandable. Smartphone health applications (apps) offer personalized information to support health goals and reduce preventable chronic conditions. This study aimed to determine how the HealthyMe/MiSalud personalized app (1) engaged English-speaking African American and Spanish-speaking Hispanic adults, and (2) motivated them to set goals and follow preventive recommendations. Our study adds to the literature on digital health, health information seeking, and prevention. We used a multi-method approach, including community and participatory design principles, to learn about potential African American and Hispanic adult health app users and evaluate the app in two usability tests and a 12-month field test. Ninety-six African American and Hispanic adults downloaded the HealthyMe/MiSalud app and used it for a minimum of 36 weeks. We found they wanted personalized information on core prevention topics, and their health histories and goals affected how they rated topic relevance. African American females ages 18-34 were more likely to save an article aligned with family health history, and African American females aged 35-49, males age 50-64, and African American males overall were more likely to save an article aligned with their health goals. Our study revealed that a prevention app with personalized recommendations can support health information seeking and health literacy. These findings can help app developers, public health practitioners, and researchers when designing apps for groups of varying identities.
The effect of positive and negative daily social media emotional experiences on older adults’ subjective age: Unveiling the negativity bias in WhatsApp groups
Authors: Gazit Tali , Bergman Yoav S , Hoffman Yaakov , Weissberger Gali , Shrira Amit
Published: January 2025

Social media has become instrumental for older adults in maintaining social connections, which are an integral component of older adults’ well-being. However, little is known about how daily positive/negative social media emotional experiences are associated with older adults’ subjective views of aging. The current study examined daily emotional experiences related to WhatsApp groups and their association with subjective age (feeling younger/older than one’s chronological age). Data were collected from 42 Israeli older adults who confirmed daily WhatsApp usage ( Mage = 74.30, SD = 8.39). Participants reported their daily WhatsApp emotional experiences in family/other groups and daily subjective age over 14 consecutive days, resulting in 557 completed reports. Results demonstrated that on days older adults reported negative WhatsApp group emotional experiences they felt older. Positive emotional experiences were associated with feeling younger solely when these experiences were reported in relation to family WhatsApp groups. Time-lagged models further indicated that only negative (but not positive) WhatsApp emotional experiences on a given day predicted an older subjective age the following day. The results underscore the significance of daily social media emotional experiences in shaping older adults’ daily subjective age. They also indicate the presence of a negativity bias effect in social media interactions among older adults.
Simulation of temperature field and optimisation of high-temperature parts for a giant mine tire
Authors: Wei Tieping , Ding Peng , Gao Jianhong , Guo Jinquan , Yang Jing , Wang Shirong , Guo Qiyan
Published: January 2025

The temperature field of tires has a significant impact on the cracking aging and service life of tires. Therefore, the finite element simulations of the temperature field of the mining tire were carried out in this paper. The temperatures of the key parts of the tire were measured with the thermocouple under real working conditions. The deviation between the results of the simulation and the measurement is 1.3%. In addition, the function among the maximum temperature, the velocity and sinking amount of the tire was fitted using the simulating results of the temperature field under the nine types of working conditions. Further, based on the response surface method, the structure of the 1# strap layer with high temperature of the tire was optimised by taking the width of the strap layer, the distribution density of the steel wire and the angle of the steel wire arrangement as the independent variables, and the maximum temperature of the tire under steady rolling as the response value. Finally, the results show that the maximum temperature of the optimised model decreases by 3.06 °C compared to the original model.
Laser-induced graphene as an embedded sensor for impact damage in composite structures assisted by machine learning
Authors: Chen Xue , Gan Khong Wui , Pu Suan Hui , Jalalvand Meisam , Hamilton Andrew R
Published: January 2025

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) enables the creation of cost-effective sensing devices via one-step laser scribing on organic substrates. This work aims to demonstrate the feasibility of LIG as an embedded damage sensor in structural composite materials. LIG was produced on an inexpensive cork substrate using a low-power blue light laser engraving system. The LIG was characterised to establish the relationship between the LIG’s physical properties and the lasing parameters. Using the lasing parameters which offer the optimal LIG properties, a LIG mesh pattern lased on the cork substrate was embedded in a glass fibre composite laminate as the damage-sensing core material to assess its sensing capability for impact damage. By measuring the electrical resistance change in the LIG mesh pattern consisting of a series of horizontal and vertical channels before and after impact loading, it was able to define the location of internal damage and its damage size, validated by X-ray computed tomography results. It is demonstrated that the test data can be used to train a machine learning algorithm to develop a simple damage-sensing system with a high accuracy rate of 94.3%, which significantly reduces the manual effort for large-scale composite structural health monitoring. This simple damage sensing system can be used to monitor internal impact damage in composite structures, such as off-shore wind turbine blades, which are inaccessible for inspection by conventional non-destructive testing.
Machine Learning–Aided Diagnosis Enhances Human Detection of Perilunate Dislocations
Authors: Luan Anna , von Rabenau Lisa , Serebrakian Arman T. , Crowe Christopher S. , Do Bao H. , Eberlin Kyle R. , Chang James , Pridgen Brian C.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Perilunate/lunate injuries are frequently misdiagnosed. We hypothesize that utilization of a machine learning algorithm can improve human detection of perilunate/lunate dislocations.

Methods:

Participants from emergency medicine, hand surgery, and radiology were asked to evaluate 30 lateral wrist radiographs for the presence of a perilunate/lunate dislocation with and without the use of a machine learning algorithm, which was used to label the lunate. Human performance with and without the machine learning tool was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and F1 score.

Results:

A total of 137 participants were recruited, with 55 respondents from emergency medicine, 33 from radiology, and 49 from hand surgery. Thirty-nine participants were attending physicians or fellows, and 98 were residents. Use of the machine learning tool improved specificity from 88% to 94%, accuracy from 89% to 93%, and F1 score from 0.89 to 0.92. When stratified by training level, attending physicians and fellows had an improvement in specificity from 93% to 97%. For residents, use of the machine learning tool resulted in improved accuracy from 86% to 91% and specificity from 86% to 93%. The performance of surgery and radiology residents improved when assisted by the tool to achieve similar accuracy to attendings, and their assisted diagnostic performance reaches levels similar to that of the fully automated artificial intelligence tool.

Conclusions:

Use of a machine learning tool improves resident accuracy for radiographic detection of perilunate dislocations, and improves specificity for all training levels. This may help to decrease misdiagnosis of perilunate dislocations, particularly when subspecialist evaluation is delayed.
Updating and Advancing Member-Checking Methods: Use of Video and Asynchronous Technology to Optimize Participant Engagement
Authors: Schafer Robyn , Phillippi Julia C.
Published: January 2025

Member checking enhances the trustworthiness and transformative potential of qualitative research. There are a variety of aims and approaches to reengaging with participants in sharing data or preliminary analysis and soliciting feedback through member checking. Published studies often lack descriptions of member-checking methods or outcomes, and there is a lack of research on the use of technologies for this purpose. Asynchronous video and internet-based technologies can be valuable tools to improve the accessibility, equity, effectiveness, and acceptability of member checking and foster increased engagement. This publication presents a detailed description of member checking in an exemplar study that used readily available technologies to create a video synopsis of preliminary findings and embed that video in a multimedia, mixed methods web-based survey which was emailed to participants. This member-checking method was purposefully selected to advance the specific research aims of the study, reflect the epistemological stance of the researchers and unique considerations of the study population, and address relevant situational factors to optimize participant engagement. This strategy facilitated wide, cost-effective, and timely distribution and resulted in a good response rate with rich feedback. Asynchronous technologies were a useful alternative to in-person or synchronous meetings to facilitate voluntary participation, foster reflection that deepened analysis, and capture multiple voices and perspectives. Findings from this research support the use of video and electronic survey technologies to enhance study credibility, address ethical and methodological challenges related to member checking, and increase equity and engagement. Future studies are needed to expand and refine integration of technologies into member checking to address diverse research aims, contexts, and study populations.
Pharmacist accessibility for non-native Japanese speakers: A cross-sectional study in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Shota , Nishikawa Yoshitaka , Nakayama Takeo , Okada Hiroshi
Published: January 2025

Background:

Pharmacists, being one of the more readily accessible primary health care professionals, must ensure accessibility. With growing internationalization, those in Japanese community pharmacies increasingly interact with non-Japanese speakers. This study aimed to understand how Japanese pharmacies can fulfill accessibility needs by accounting for patients’ native language and culture.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey of community pharmacies in 2 Japanese municipalities (Hirakata and Suma) was conducted between September and October, 2022. The survey questionnaire included questions on “interaction with non-native Japanese speakers”, “impressions during dialogue”, and “characteristics and preparedness of pharmacies”. The responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results:

The response rate was 30.9% (46/149) in Hirakata and 50.0% (29/58) in Suma. The frequency of contact with non-native Japanese speakers at least once a month was 47.8% (22/46) in Hirakata and 55.2% (16/29) in Suma. The main purpose of the visits was to obtain prescription medicines. English was the most commonly used language, as seen on the website, patient forms, medicine bags, informational materials, and staff language skills. However, fewer than half of the stores offered this service. Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese were even less common.

Discussion:

Pharmacists, often recognized for their accessibility among primary health care providers, demonstrated limited readiness to serve non-native Japanese speakers in the surveyed regions. To enhance service to diverse pharmacy visitors, improved preparedness for linguistic and cultural differences and cultural competence education are recommended.

Conclusion:

Japanese pharmacies face barriers in providing language-aligned care to service visitors with diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds. By preparing for linguistic differences and providing cultural competency education, pharmacies can improve accessibility to effectively serve diverse populations.
A bathtub pattern for repairable systems: From better-than-minimal to minimal and worse-than-minimal repairs
Authors: Langston Amy , Finkelstein Maxim , Cha Ji Hwan
Published: January 2025

We introduce a new combined repair process to describe repairs that are initially better-than-minimal, then become minimal, before finally becoming worse-than-minimal. The extended generalized Polya process (EGPP), non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP), and generalized Polya process (GPP) are used to describe this repair pattern, respectively. Several useful properties are derived for the combined process under two settings: change in repair type after a specified time and change in repair type after a specified number of failures/repairs. As an application, the optimal age replacement problem is defined and its optimal solution is analyzed. Detailed numerical examples support our findings.
Examining perioperative factors in latex-allergic reactions
Authors: Patel Ravi , Parmar Dilen , Bhojwani Ajay , Singh Rohit , Nandra Rajpal , Banerjee Robin
Published: January 2025

Despite the implementation of latex-free gloves, the issue of natural rubber latex hypersensitivity persists within medical practice, posing challenges for both patients and health care professionals. A comprehensive understanding of the demographic groups susceptible to this condition is essential, along with the establishment of robust perioperative assessment and management protocols aimed at minimising complications and enhancing safety. This article endeavours to delve into the intricacies of perioperative management concerning latex hypersensitivity among patients, while also elucidating its ramifications for health care practitioners.
Digital neural loops – a common anatomical surprise
Authors: Moore Alicja , George Samuel
Published: January 2025

In a recent operation, we unexpectedly encountered a digital neural loop in the palm. To our surprise we found out that these have a high prevalence but a survey that we carried out showed that there is a low clinical awareness of them.

Level of evidence: V
Emotion in Nonverbal Communication: Comparing Animal and Human Vocalizations and Human Text Messages
Authors: Gruber T. , Briefer E. F. , Grütter A. , Xanthos A. , Grandjean D. , Manser M. B. , Frühholz S.
Published: January 2025

Humans and other animals communicate a large quantity of information vocally through nonverbal means. Here, we review the domains of animal vocalizations, human nonverbal vocal communication and computer-mediated communication (CMC), under the common thread of emotion, which, we suggest, connects them as a dimension of all these types of communication. After reviewing the use of emotions across domains, we focus on two concepts that have often been opposed to emotion in the animal versus human communication literature: control and meaning. Non-human vocal communication is commonly described as emotional, preventing either control or meaning; in contrast, the emotional dimension of human nonverbal signals does not prevent them from being perceived as both intentionally produced and meaningful. Amongst others, we disagree with this position, highlighting here that emotions should be integrated across species and modalities such as the written modality. We conclude by delineating ways in which each of these domains can meaningfully influence each other, and debates in their respective fields, and more generally the debate on the evolution of communication.