bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The CRP troponin test (CTT) stratifies mortality risk in patients with non‐ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)
Authors: Brzezinski Rafael Y. , Banai Shmuel , Katz Shalhav Malka , Stark Moshe , Goldiner Ilana , Rogowski Ori , Shapira Itzhak , Zeltser David , Sasson Noa , Berliner Shlomo , Shacham Yacov
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The C‐reactive protein (CRP)‐troponin‐test (CTT) comprises simultaneous serial measurements of CRP and cardiac troponin and might reflect the systemic inflammatory response in patients with acute coronary syndrome. We sought to test its ability to stratify the short‐ and long‐term mortality risk in patients with non‐ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

Methods

We examined 1,675 patients diagnosed with NSTEMI on discharge who had at least two successive measurements of combined CRP and cardiac troponin within 48 h of admission. A tree classifier model determined which measurements and cutoffs could be used to best predict mortality during a median follow‐up of 3 years [IQR 1.8–4.3].

Results

Patients with high CRP levels ( > 90th percentile, >54 mg/L) had a higher 30‐day mortality rate regardless of their troponin test findings (16.7% vs. 2.9%, p < 0.01). However, among patients with “normal” CRP levels ( < 54 mg/L), those who had high troponin levels ( > 80th percentile, 4,918 ng/L) had a higher 30‐day mortality rate than patients with normal CRP and troponin concentrations (7% vs. 2%, p < 0.01). The CTT test result was an independent predictor for overall mortality even after adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities (HR = 2.28 [95% CI 1.56‐3.37], p < 0.01 for patients with high troponin and high CRP levels).

Conclusions

Early serial CTT results may stratify mortality risk in patients with NSTEMI, especially those with “normal” CRP levels. The CTT could potentially assess the impact of inflammation during myocardial necrosis on the outcomes of patients with NSTEMI and identify patients who could benefit from novel anti‐inflammatory therapies.
Multi‐chaotic maps and blockchain based image encryption
Authors: Kumari Twinkle , Singh Damanpreet , Singh Birmohan
Published: March 2024

The vast technological developments make data transmission more frequent over networks. So, the data needs to be secured and for that reason, there is a requirement to develop an effective encryption model. This article proposes a novel image encryption model using multi‐chaotic maps and blockchain (MCBE). Chaotic maps have been used in encryption models as chaotic maps have the properties of randomness, and non‐periodicity that get utilized in improving the efficiency of an encryption model. Logistic and tent maps have been employed as multi‐chaotic maps to make the encryption process effective in this work. A logistic map has a simple structure and is easily implementable but has some drawbacks like small keyspace. Keyspace and randomness are enhanced by using a tent map along with a logistic map. The proposed MCBE methodology applies to grayscale or colored images having different file formats and sizes. Initially, in the confusion phase, the permutation of the original image is performed based on a random permutation that changes the original image pixel's position. The encryption model applies multi‐chaotic maps, row‐wise and column‐wise in the diffusion phase to promote the efficiency of the encryption model. Finally, blockchain has been implemented using the SHA‐256 hash function to obtain the encrypted image that enhances the security by increasing the keyspace, to resist brute force attacks. The evaluation performance of the MCBE has been analyzed against various attacks namely statistical attacks, differential attacks, NIST randomness test, noise, and cropping attacks. The evaluated keyspace is which has high key sensitivity with a correlation of encrypted images close to 0. Maximum achieved entropy value of 7.9998, SSIM value between original and encrypted images nearby 0 confirms the dissimilarity. The Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR) value of 99.62%, and the value of Unified Average Changed Intensity (UACI) value of 33.54% are within the specified standard range. The calculated correlation coefficient, NPCR, and UACI values have been compared with the existing algorithms, and the results show that the proposed MCBE methodology has better performance than the other state‐of‐the‐art methods. The experimental results indicate that the chaotic ranges generated by multi‐chaotic maps and the SHA‐256 hash function improve the keyspace and security of the encryption model confirming the efficacy of the proposed model MCBE.
A path planning method for unmanned aerial vehicle based on improved wolf pack algorithm
Authors: Jiang Hao , Yu Qizhou , Han Dan , Chen Yaqing , Li Zejun
Published: March 2024

In the rapidly developing field of unmanned aerial vehicle (UVA) technology, solving local optimal problems and achieving efficient smooth planning are crucial for improving the operational efficiency and safety of UVA systems. To address these needs, our study introduces a novel optimization algorithm, called IWPA‐APF, which aims to improve path planning efficiency. This algorithm is a fusion of the artificial potential field (APF) method and the improved wolf‐pack algorithm (IWPA) to solve common problems such as local optima and inefficient planning in the path planning process. The IWPA‐APF algorithm improves search efficiency and accuracy by incorporating an adaptive step size that significantly refines the key behaviors of the traditional IWPA, which is based on the wolf pack algorithm (WPA). In addition, the algorithm incorporates specific planning constraints, such as turn angles and tolerance limits, to minimize getting stuck in local optima. The process involves generating initial plans through multiple iterations of the IWPA, followed by further refinement using the method of integrating APF's repulsive force field. Simulation results show that the IWPA‐APF algorithm outperforms traditional methods, offering shorter flight distances and improved safety, thereby establishing itself as a robust solution for UAV path planning in obstacle‐rich environments.
Regulatory Issues of Platform Trials: Learnings from EU‐PEARL
Authors: Nguyen Quynh Lan , Hees Katharina , Hernandez Penna Sabina , König Franz , Posch Martin , Bofill Roig Marta , Meyer Elias Laurin , Freitag Michaela Maria , Parke Tom , Otte Maximilian , Dauben Hans‐Peter , Mielke Tobias , Spiertz Cecile , Mesenbrink Peter , Gidh‐Jain Madhavi , Pierre Suzanne , Morello Salvatore , Hofner Benjamin
Published: March 2024

Although platform trials have many benefits, the complexity of these designs may result not only in increased methodological but also regulatory and ethical challenges. These aspects were addressed as part of the IMI project EU Patient‐Centric Clinical Trial Platforms (EU‐PEARL). We reviewed the available guidelines on platform trials in the European Union and the United States. This is supported and complemented by feedback received from regulatory interactions with the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration. Throughout the project we collected the needs of all relevant stakeholders including ethics committees, regulators, and health technology assessment bodies through active dialog and dedicated stakeholder workshops. Furthermore, we focused on methodological aspects and where applicable identified the corresponding guidance. Learnings from the guideline review, regulatory interactions, and workshops are provided. Based on these, a master protocol template was developed. Issues that still need harmonization or clarification in guidelines or where further methodological research is needed are also presented. These include questions around clinical trial submissions in Europe, the need for multiplicity control across the whole master protocol, the use of non‐concurrent controls, and the impact of different randomization schemes. Master protocols are an efficient and patient‐centered clinical trial design that can expedite drug development. However, they can also introduce additional operational and regulatory complexities. It is important to understand the different requirements of stakeholders upfront and address them in the trial. While relevant guidance is increasing, early dialog with relevant stakeholders can help to further support such designs.
Effect of Evaporation Temperature and Mg2+ Concentration on the Crystallization of Ammonium Sulfate
Authors: Zi Gaoyong , Huang Bangfu , Dong Langshu , Shi Zhe , Yang Linjing , Luo Liubin
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the influences of the evaporation temperature and Mg2+ concentration on the crystallization of an ammonium sulfate mother liquor. Specifically, their effects on the solubility, metastable zone width, crystallization amount, average particle size, and coefficient of variation of ammonium sulfate are examined through the laser and evaporation crystallization methods. Results show that solubility increases and the metastable zone width narrows with an increase in the evaporation temperature. At an evaporation temperature of 338.15 K, the controllability of the crystallization process improves and explosive nucleation does not easily occur. In this case, crystals with large average particle sizes, regular morphologies, and high crystallinity are obtained. With an increase in the Mg2+ concentration in the solvent, solubility decreases. The added Mg2+ covers the active nucleation sites, thus hindering the nucleation of ammonium sulfate and widening the metastable zone width. At a Mg2+ concentration of 0.9 g L−1 or higher, Mg2+ covers the active surfaces of the grains. This inhibits normal crystal growth and hinders the nucleation and growth of ammonium sulfate crystals, so the crystallization amount of ammonium sulfate significantly reduces.
From greenwashing to ESG‐washing: A focus on the circular economy field
Authors: Todaro Dina Lucia , Torelli Riccardo
Published: March 2024

In the field of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) today, Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) factors play a fundamental and increasingly central role in the evaluation of corporate performance worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the recent phenomenon of ESG issues has given rise to a new form of greenwashing in a broad sense, not limited to the environmental sphere, but also extended to social and governance issues. The paper examines whether companies engaged in the transition to sustainable and in particular to circular models are actually focusing on concrete sustainable actions and less on distorted communication. Specifically, ESG performance measures were collected for 366 companies from the most impactful industries in different countries around the world to test the relationships between ESG performance, adoption of circular economy models and ‘washing’ practices related to stakeholder communication. As the transition to sustainable and circular models requires not only substantive action but also transparency, further research and efforts are needed to better understand the relationship between these elements in corporate behavior.
Sustainability decision‐making in times of crisis: An empirical study in Italy under the lens of the Russian‐Ukraine war
Authors: Dorrego Viera Juan Ignacio , Santolin Rodrigo Bruno , Lazzarotti Valentina , Urbinati Andrea
Published: March 2024

This research examines the impact of the Russian‐Ukraine war on the decisions made by managers regarding the three dimensions of the triple bottom line (TBL) of sustainability. Specifically, it investigates how managers in the Lombardy region of Italy adapted their approaches towards sustainability during this crisis. The descriptive statistics and PCA analyses demonstrate that managers adjusted their decisions regarding the social dimension of sustainability in response to the prevailing circumstances. The Russian‐Ukraine war has led to a convergence of the social and economic dimensions within firms. However, the study also reveals that the social dimension is often considered secondary to the core business, making it the weakest aspect of the TBL approach. Nonetheless, external disruptions, such as in the case of the Russian‐Ukraine war, can influence this approach, leading to a repositioning of the social dimension as a focal point in business strategies. By emphasizing the importance of considering social aspects in sustainability decision‐making during crises, this research contributes valuable insights to the existing literature. The findings can inform the development of strategies to address challenges posed by the Russian‐Ukraine war and enhance the integration of social criteria in sustainability decision‐making.
Examining the impact of circular economy disclosure on the cost of debt: A signaling theory approach via social media
Authors: L'Abate Vitiana , Raimo Nicola , Esposito Benedetta , Vitolla Filippo
Published: March 2024

The growing societal focus on addressing environmental and social issues has spurred a shift towards circular production and consumption models. In this scenario, the implementation of circular economy (CE) practices has attracted the attention of scholars, professionals and institutions. The relevance of the CE has shed light on the importance of communicating efforts and achievements in relation to the implementation of circular models. Therefore, from an academic point of view, several scholars have started to explore some aspects related to CE disclosure (CED). Despite this, a relatively unexplored trend pertains to the effects of the CED, especially regarding the use of social media to disseminate information. In order to fill the gap, this study aims to investigate the effect of the dissemination of CE information via Twitter on the cost of debt. To this end, a dictionary‐based content analysis is employed to quantify the amount of CE information disseminated via Twitter. Additionally, a panel regression analysis is conducted to test the impact of the CED on the cost of debt across a sample of 378 observations (an unbalanced panel of 132 firms for the period 2019–2021). The results indicate the presence of a negative relationship between the level of the CED and the cost of debt.
Tuning Catalytic Activity of CO2 Hydrogenation to C1 Product via Metal Support Interaction Over Metal/Metal Oxide Supported Catalysts
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Zhang Xiaoyu , Weng Shujia , Peng Chong
Published: March 2024

The metal supported catalysts are emerging catalysts that are receiving a lot of attention in CO2 hydrogenation to C1 products. Numerous experiments have demonstrated that the support (usually an oxide) is crucial for the catalytic performance. The support metal oxides are used to aid in the homogeneous dispersion of metal particles, prevent agglomeration, and control morphology owing to the metal support interaction (MSI). MSI can efficiently optimize the structural and electronic properties of catalysts and tune the conversion of key reaction intermediates involved in CO2 hydrogenation, thereby enhancing the catalytic performance. There is an increasing attention is being paid to the promotion effects in the catalytic CO2 hydrogenation process. However, a systematically understanding about the effects of MSI on CO2 hydrogenation to C1 products catalytic performance has not been fully studied yet due to the diversities in catalysts and reaction conditions. Hence, the characteristics and modes of MSI in CO2 hydrogenation to C1 products are elaborated in detail in our work.
Torque and flux control of induction motors fed by synchronized and symmetrical voltage pulses
Authors: Wu Xu , Zhu Haoqi , Xu Yingdong
Published: March 2024

The low switching frequency in high‐power motor drives is mandatory for reducing thermal stress on power devices but often results in significant current harmonics. Synchronized space vector modulation (SynSVM), a widely used low‐carrier‐ratio PWM strategy, offers a simple implementation and reduced harmonics. However, implementing SynSVM in traditional AC motor current regulation poses challenges due to fixed voltage samples. To address this, a high‐performance control scheme based on SynSVM is proposed in this manuscript. It ensures the stator flux vector follows a predefined trajectory by integrating voltage pulses from the original SynSVM. The basic voltage vector switching is facilitated through high‐frequency monitoring and compensation of torque and flux errors, resulting in a fast torque response. Furthermore, synchronized and symmetrical voltage pulses, inherent in the original SynSVM, are equivalently generated, to effectively mitigate current harmonics. This proposed method liberates designers from the complexities of current regulation based on SynSVM. Both simulations and experiments validate the efficacy of the proposed method.
The depositional record of the French Flemish Coastal plain since antiquity: Impacts of land reclamation in a tide‐dominated estuary
Authors: Ouchaou Rachid , Reynaud Jean‐Yves , Besse Youn , Tilehghouatine Anissa , Armynot du Châtelet Eric , Trentesaux Alain , Abraham Romain , Deschodt Laurent , Hulin Guillaume , Desoutter Samuel , Fores Benjamin , Simon François‐Xavier , Lançon Mathieu
Published: March 2024

The French Flemish Coastal Plain, which extends from Denmark to France, is characterised by a topography close to sea level and protected by a system of coastal dunes. Quaternary sediments, comprised of marine, estuarine and continental deposits, accumulated by infilling and then prograding above a network of incised valleys. This study focusses on the Holocene infill of the Denna palaeoestuary, south‐west to Dunkerque. Surface geophysics (electrical conductivity and ground‐penetrating radar) and vibrocore data are used to reconstruct the landscape evolution during the last stages of sedimentation. The conductivity map highlights the last network of tidal channels, ditches and dikes of the eastern side of the palaeoestuary. Over the upper 4 m of the infill, the ground‐penetrating radar profiles show two superimposed units. The bottom unit is composed of meandering channel bars and the top unit of flat strata intersected by sparse channels, mostly infilled in place. The sediment analysis of the vibrocores shows a predominantly sandy filling of marine to estuarine origin, evidenced by sponge spicules and a fauna of bivalves and foraminifera adapted to brackish settings. The uppermost deposit exhibits an oxidation profile which marks the groundwater zone transition. Clayey sediments are also present, infilling the uppermost channels and ditches dug during reclamation, in increasing proportions towards the axis of the estuarine palaeovalley. The tidal signature of sedimentary dynamics is evidenced by heterolithic facies in some channel fills and tidal rhythmites infilling scour depressions linked to dike breaching. The abrupt decrease in channel dynamics across the unit boundary, although sedimentation remained sandy in the upper unit, coincides with the development of embankment of the estuarine border and is tentatively interpreted as a result of reclamation.
The importance of decomposing periodic and aperiodic EEG signals for assessment of brain function in a global context
Authors: Del Bianco Teresa , Haartsen Rianne , Mason Luke , Leno Virginia Carter , Springer Cilla , Potter Mandy , Mackay Wendy , Smit Petrusa , Plessis Carlie Du , Brink Lucy , Johnson Mark H. , Murphy Declan , Loth Eva , Odendaal Hein , Jones Emily J. H.
Published: March 2024

Measures of early neuro‐cognitive development that are suitable for use in low‐resource settings are needed to enable studies of the effects of early adversity on the developing brain in a global context. These measures should have high acquisition rates and good face and construct validity. Here, we investigated the feasibility of a naturalistic electroencephalography (EEG) paradigm in a low‐resource context during childhood. Additionally, we examined the sensitivity of periodic and aperiodic EEG metrics to social and non‐social stimuli. We recorded simultaneous 20‐channel EEG and eye‐tracking in 72 children aged 4–12 years (45 females) while they watched videos of women singing nursery rhymes and moving toys, selected to represent familiar childhood experiences. These measures were part of a feasibility study that assessed the feasibility and acceptability of a follow‐up data collection of the South African Safe Passage Study, which tracks environmental adversity and brain and cognitive development from before birth up until childhood. We examined whether data quantity and quality varied with child characteristics and the sensitivity of varying EEG metrics (canonical band power in the theta and alpha band and periodic and aperiodic features of the power spectra). We found that children who completed the EEG and eye‐tracking assessment were, in general, representative of the full cohort. Data quantity was higher in children with greater visual attention to the stimuli. Out of the tested EEG metrics, periodic measures in the theta frequency range were most sensitive to condition differences, compared to alpha range measures and canonical and aperiodic EEG measures. Our results show that measuring EEG during ecologically valid social and non‐social stimuli is feasible in low‐resource settings, is feasible for most children, and produces robust indices of social brain function. This work provides preliminary support for testing longitudinal links between social brain function, environmental factors, and emerging behaviors.
Pre‐diagnostic free androgen and estradiol levels influence heart failure risk in both women and men: A prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank
Authors: Lim Jungeun , Hashemian Maryam , Blechter Batel , Roger Véronique L. , Wong Jason Y.Y.
Published: March 2024

Aims

Serum sex hormones have been linked to cardiovascular disease risk. However, their roles in the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF) in both men and women are unclear. We investigated the associations between free androgen, testosterone, and estradiol, and future risk of HF.

Methods and results

This prospective cohort study evaluated UK Biobank participants free of prevalent cardiovascular disease and HF at baseline. Unitless free androgen, testosterone, and estradiol indices were generated using serum concentrations of total testosterone (nmol/L), estradiol (pmol/L), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG, nmol/L), and albumin (g/L) in blood collected at enrolment. Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident HF in relation to quartiles (Q) of free androgen (FAI), testosterone (FTI), estradiol (FEI) indices, and potential confounders. There were 180 712 men (including 5585 HF cases with FAI and 571 HF cases with FEI), and 177 324 women (including 2858 HF cases with FAI and 314 HF cases with FEI) with complete data. Increased FAI was associated with decreased HF risk in both men (HRQ4 vs. Q1: 0.86, 95% CI 0.79–0.94, p‐trendcontinuous < 0.0001) and post‐menopausal women (HRQ4 vs. Q1: 0.83, 95% CI 0.73–0.95). Similar inverse associations were observed for FTI only in men (HRQ4 vs. Q1: 0.91, 95% CI 0.83–0.98). Higher FEI was significantly associated with decreased HF risk among men (HRQ4 vs. Q1: 0.76, 95% CI 0.59–0.98), but was positively associated among pre‐menopausal women (HRQ4 vs. Q1: 2.16, 95% CI 1.11–4.18).

Conclusions

Sex hormones potentially influence HF pathogenesis and may offer pathways for interventions.
Electrochemical insights into layered assemblies of silver nanoparticles, poly‐L‐lysine, and bovine serum albumin
Authors: Seumo Tchekwagep Patrick Marcel , Žalnėravičius Rokas , Péguy Nanseu‐Njiki Charles , Ngameni Emmanuel , Arnebrant Thomas , Ruzgas Tautgirdas
Published: March 2024

This study presents a comprehensive exploration of the electrochemical behavior of layer‐by‐layer assemblies comprising silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), poly‐l‐lysine (PLL), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) on gold surfaces. AgNPs were synthesized using the reduction of silver ions with the synergy of ascorbic acid and citrate in the presence of sodium chloride. The obtained silver nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. A typical preparation produced AgNPs with a plasmon peak at 402 nm, a diameter of 27.5 nm and zeta potential of −37 mV. Employing a drop‐coating approach, we successfully achieved stable multilayers of AgNPs, PLL, and BSA. Cyclic voltammetry revealed well‐defined, bell‐shaped oxidation and reduction peaks of AgNPs within the multilayers, demonstrating complete conversion to AgCl and back to Ag. Notably, the stripping of AgNPs on a monolayer of PLL prepared at pH 4.00 resulted in the highest current intensity, contrasting with lower intensities observed for PLL monolayers prepared at pH 7.01 and pH 9.01. Despite the absence of a splitting reduction peak in the presence of biopolymer materials, a noteworthy observation emerged: the peak splitting exclusively occurred when PLL/AgNP layers, terminated with PLL, were exposed to BSA in the solution.
Recent research on vanadium redox batteries: A review on electrolyte preparation, mass transfer, and charge transfer for electrolyte performance enhancement
Authors: Ye Man , Zhang Ni , Zhou Tuankun , Wei Zeng , Jiang Fei , Ke Yan
Published: March 2024

Vanadium electrolyte is one of the most critical materials for vanadium redox batteries (VRB). Reducing the cost of vanadium electrolyte and improving its performance are ongoing research priorities for VRB. Currently, the control of the cost of vanadium electrolyte mainly relies on the development of new processes and optimization of traditional processes. Improving the performance of electrolytes mainly involves two aspects: mass transfer and charge transfer, such as introducing additives, optimizing supporting electrolytes, and developing new electrode catalysts. This article reviews the progress in improving the performance of VRB in the past 10 years. It focuses on three main aspects: the preparation of electrolytes, the influence of mass transfer on battery performance, and the influence of charge transfer on battery performance. It also further discusses the impact of different factors on the improvement of VRB performance. Finally, it summarizes the challenges faced by VRB in performance improvement and commercial applications, and made suggestions for future research and development of VRB.
Gray matter atrophy and white matter lesions burden in delayed cognitive decline following carbon monoxide poisoning
Authors: Zhang Yanli , Wang Tianhong , Wang Shuaiwen , Zhuang Xin , Li Jianlin , Guo Shunlin , Lei Junqiang
Published: March 2024

Gray matter (GM) atrophy and white matter (WM) lesions may contribute to cognitive decline in patients with delayed neurological sequelae (DNS) after carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. However, there is currently a lack of evidence supporting this relationship. This study aimed to investigate the volume of GM, cortical thickness, and burden of WM lesions in 33 DNS patients with dementia, 24 DNS patients with mild cognitive impairment, and 51 healthy controls. Various methods, including voxel‐based, deformation‐based, surface‐based, and atlas‐based analyses, were used to examine GM structures. Furthermore, we explored the connection between GM volume changes, WM lesions burden, and cognitive decline. Compared to the healthy controls, both patient groups exhibited widespread GM atrophy in the cerebral cortices (for volume and cortical thickness), subcortical nuclei (for volume), and cerebellum (for volume) (p < .05 corrected for false discovery rate [FDR]). The total volume of GM atrophy in 31 subregions, which included the default mode network (DMN), visual network (VN), and cerebellar network (CN) (p < .05, FDR‐corrected), independently contributed to the severity of cognitive impairment (p < .05). Additionally, WM lesions impacted cognitive decline through both direct and indirect effects, with the latter mediated by volume reduction in 16 subregions of cognitive networks (p < .05). These preliminary findings suggested that both GM atrophy and WM lesions were involved in cognitive decline in DNS patients following CO poisoning. Moreover, the reduction in the volume of DMN, VN, and posterior CN nodes mediated the WM lesions‐induced cognitive decline.
Separating distant recurrences from second primaries in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas – A DAHANCA group analysis on paired tumor samples
Authors: Kjems Julie , Lilja‐Fischer Jacob Kinggaard , Friborg Jeppe , Tramm Trine , Overgaard Jens
Published: March 2024

Background

In head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), there is no clinically available method to separate distant metastases (DMs) from SCC secondary primary tumors. The study aimed to assess the genetic relationship in paired tumor samples.

Methods

Patients with pairs of solid biopsies from the primary HNSCC and suspected DMs were identified (2007–2017). Targeted next‐generation sequencing of 22 genes was applied, including TP53, supplemented with human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping.

Results

Of 55 pairs obtained, 33 were successfully analyzed. Distant biopsies included lung, liver, and bone. A genetic match was found in 23/33 (70%) patients, primarily with identical TP53 mutations or HPV genotypes. In 10/33 patients (30%), the genetic relationship was absent, all with lung involvement. In patients with no lung involvement, 8/8 had a match.

Conclusions

One‐third of patients with DMs in HNSCC lack a genetic relationship with the primary tumors. The risk of misclassification is most prominent for patients with lung involvement.
Gender inequities in ENT: Insights from women speakers at American Head and Neck Society meetings
Authors: McKeon Mallory , Zhou Anna , Tang Alice L.
Published: March 2024

Background

Gender inequity exists across national speakers at American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) conferences. This qualitative study explores potential causes of this disparity by surveying women invited to speak at AHNS between 2007 and 2019 and examining advice, resources, and meaningful actions from “those who made it.”

Methods

An internet search for contact information for the 131 female AHNS was performed. An electronic survey was distributed via email. Deidentified qualitative responses were coded by two independent researchers into themes. Themes characterize barriers that female head and neck (HN) surgeons face and describe ways to mitigate the impact of these for the next generation.

Results

Contact information for 73/131 female AHNS speakers was obtained via internet search. Email responses were received from 22/73 (30%). Of those, respondents specialized in otolaryngology (n = 17), medical oncology (n = 2), palliative care (n = 1), vascular surgery (n = 1), and thoracic surgical oncology (n = 1). All speakers worked in academic settings at varying stages of their career with 81.8% (18/22) of respondents fellowship‐trained (primarily HN surgery). Concerns about gender disparity in ENT were grouped into the following themes: (1) recruiting women to ENT, (2) removing barriers to career advancement, (3) diversifying ENT's national presence, and (4) improving the broader culture of HN surgery. Respondents emphasized a need for diversifying leadership, early exposure to otolaryngology in medical school, and connecting students with female role models. Outstanding research, involvement at annual meetings, and committee membership were consistently deemed important for establishing a national presence in the field. Implicit bias, “boys clubs” culture, and burdensome childcare responsibilities were described as barriers to career advancement.

Conclusions

While encouraging more women to enter otolaryngology residencies, increasing the number female role models and establishing strong mentoring networks may help to mitigate challenges. Meaningful progress requires the efforts of both male and female allies within the specialty. Simple solutions, such as educating on implicit bias, removing demographics from applications, and eliminating hidden penalties for maternity leave, may help improve diversity and mitigate barriers to career progression for underrepresented groups within ENT.
How does Human Resource Management help service organizations to thrive in uncertainties and risks: Postcrisis as a context
Authors: Chen Yang , Fu Rong , Xie Mengying , Cooke Fang Lee , Song Qi
Published: March 2024

With heightened uncertainties and risks in the fluctuating business environment, existing studies have concentrated on elucidating how service organizations leverage human resource practices to adapt to and survive such unforeseen and disruptive threats. However, how such practices could serve the strategic objective of cultivating a sustainably thriving workforce across different situations is not well understood. Thriving is a core transitional state that fosters positive behaviors, such as creative customer‐related problem‐solving. Applying social information processing theory, we propose and test a model by exploring how organizations that engage in thriving‐oriented human resource management (HRM) encourage employees to take responsibility and promote constructive change, thereby activating their creative problem‐solving behaviors. Specifically, we theorize and develop measures to promote thriving‐oriented HRM in Study 1. In Study 2, we collected multisource and multi‐wave data from 296 frontline service employees and 45 supervisors in China. Our findings reveal that thriving‐oriented HRM is positively related to felt responsibility for change, which ultimately encourages creative problem‐solving. We also show that the threat imposed by a crisis, that is, the COVID‐19 pandemic, strengthens the positive relationship between thriving‐oriented HRM and felt responsibility for change. Our study contributes to the HRM literature, especially on thriving‐oriented HRM and employee perception, and has practical implications for service organizations in the uncertain context.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG triggers intestinal epithelium injury in zebrafish revealing host dependent beneficial effects
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Zhang Hong‐Ling , Yang Da‐Hai , Hao Qiang , Yang Hong‐Wei , Meng De‐Long , Meindert de Vos Willem , Guan Le‐Luo , Liu Shu‐Bin , Teame Tsegay , Gao Chen‐Chen , Ran Chao , Yang Ya‐Lin , Yao Yuan‐Yuan , Ding Qian‐Wen , Zhou Zhi‐Gang
Published: March 2024

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), the well‐characterized human‐derived probiotic strain, possesses excellent properties in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, immunoregulation and defense against gastrointestinal pathogens in mammals. Here, we demonstrate that the SpaC pilin of LGG causes intestinal epithelium injury by inducing cell pyroptosis and gut microbial dysbiosis in zebrafish. Dietary SpaC activates Caspase‐3−GSDMEa pathways in the intestinal epithelium, promotes intestinal pyroptosis and increases lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐producing gut microbes in zebrafish. The increased LPS subsequently activates Gaspy2−GSDMEb pyroptosis pathway. Further analysis reveals the Caspase‐3−GSDMEa pyroptosis is initiated by the species‐specific recognition of SpaC by TLR4ba, which accounts for the species‐specificity of the SpaC‐inducing intestinal pyroptosis in zebrafish. The observed pyroptosis‐driven gut injury and microbial dysbiosis by LGG in zebrafish suggest that host‐specific beneficial/harmful mechanisms are critical safety issues when applying probiotics derived from other host species and need more attention.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal interactions bridge the support of root‐associated microbiota for slope multifunctionality in an erosion‐prone ecosystem
Authors: Qiu Tianyi , Peñuelas Josep , Chen Yinglong , Sardans Jordi , Yu Jialuo , Xu Zhiyuan , Cui Qingliang , Liu Ji , Cui Yongxing , Zhao Shuling , Chen Jing , Wang Yunqiang , Fang Linchuan
Published: March 2024

The role of diverse soil microbiota in restoring erosion‐induced degraded lands is well recognized. Yet, the facilitative interactions among symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, rhizobia, and heterotrophic bacteria, which underpin multiple functions in eroded ecosystems, remain unclear. Here, we utilized quantitative microbiota profiling and ecological network analyses to explore the interplay between the diversity and biotic associations of root‐associated microbiota and multifunctionality across an eroded slope of a Robinia pseudoacacia plantation on the Loess Plateau. We found explicit variations in slope multifunctionality across different slope positions, associated with shifts in limiting resources, including soil phosphorus (P) and moisture. To cope with P limitation, AM fungi were recruited by R. pseudoacacia, assuming pivotal roles as keystones and connectors within cross‐kingdom networks. Furthermore, AM fungi facilitated the assembly and composition of bacterial and rhizobial communities, collectively driving slope multifunctionality. The symbiotic association among R. pseudoacacia, AM fungi, and rhizobia promoted slope multifunctionality through enhanced decomposition of recalcitrant compounds, improved P mineralization potential, and optimized microbial metabolism. Overall, our findings highlight the crucial role of AM fungal‐centered microbiota associated with R. pseudoacacia in functional delivery within eroded landscapes, providing valuable insights for the sustainable restoration of degraded ecosystems in erosion‐prone regions.
Near‐infrared emitting metal halide materials: Luminescence design and applications
Authors: Liu Dongjie , Dang Peipei , Zhang Guodong , Lian Hongzhou , Li Guogang , Lin Jun
Published: March 2024

Near‐infrared (NIR) luminescent metal halide (LMH) materials have attracted great attention in various optoelectronic applications due to their low‐temperature solution‐processable synthesis, abundant crystallographic/electronic structures, and unique optoelectronic properties. However, some challenges still remain in their luminescence design, performance improvement, and application assignments. This review systematically summarizes the development of NIR LMHs through classifying NIR luminescent origins into four major categories: band‐edge emission, self‐trapped exciton (STE) emission, ion emission, and defect‐related emission. The luminescence mechanisms of different types of NIR LMHs are discussed in detail by analyzing typical examples. Reasonable strategies for designing and optimizing luminescence/optoelectronic properties of NIR LMHs are summarized, including bandgap engineering, self‐trapping state engineering, chemical composition modification, energy transfer, and other auxiliary strategies such as improvement of synthesis scheme and post‐processing. Furthermore, application prospects based on the optoelectronic devices are revealed, including phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), electroluminescent LEDs, photodetectors, solar cells, and x‐ray scintillators, as well as demonstrations of some related practical applications. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspectives on the development of NIR LMH materials are critically proposed. This review aims to provide general understanding and guidance for the design of high‐performance NIR LMHs materials.

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Processes of Creating a National Cancer Registry System in the Philippines
Authors: Tan Abigail Lim , Feliciano Erin Jay G. , Habaluyas Katrina Erika Rocha , Bolong Nina Patricia , Wong John Q.
Published: March 2024

As a new entrant in the Philippine Cancer Health Information Network, the Philippine Cancer Center (PCC) was pushed to establish the National Cancer Registry as mandated by the National Integrated Cancer Control Act (NICCA). The researchers used a rapid review and rapid realist review approaches which made use of evidence from literature and data from 43 key informant interviews and FGDs to create the National Cancer Registry Development Plan. The results were summarized using a cancer data process flow diagram, context‐view system architecture model, and logic models detailing the roadmap plans for the next 10 years. The study was able to show how the development of a national cancer registry plan that seeks to unite existing population‐based cancer registries (PBCRs) and hospital‐based cancer registries (HBCRs) is only possible through extensive collaboration and effective stakeholder engagement. Using an evidence‐based approach with expert knowledge and validation, the Philippine National Cancer Registry Development Plan was created, an example of an e‐health policy making process from which other developing countries can learn from.
Ultrasound‐based radiomics‐clinical nomogram for noninvasive prediction of residual cancer burden grading in breast cancer
Authors: Li Zhi‐Yong , Wu Sheng‐Nan , Lin Zhen‐Hu , Jiang Mei‐Chen , Chen Cong , Liang Rong‐Xi , Lin Wen‐Jin , Xue En‐Sheng
Published: March 2024

Purpose

To assess the predictive value of an ultrasound‐based radiomics‐clinical nomogram for grading residual cancer burden (RCB) in breast cancer patients.

Methods

This retrospective study of breast cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy (NAC) and ultrasound scanning between November 2020 and July 2023. First, a radiomics model was established based on ultrasound images. Subsequently, multivariate LR (logistic regression) analysis incorporating both radiomic scores and clinical factors was performed to construct a nomogram. Finally, Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) were employed to evaluate and validate the diagnostic accuracy and effectiveness of the nomogram.

Results

A total of 1122 patients were included in this study. Among them, 427 patients exhibited a favorable response to NAC chemotherapy, while 695 patients demonstrated a poor response to NAC therapy. The radiomics model achieved an AUC value of 0.84 in the training cohort and 0.83 in the validation cohort. The ultrasound‐based radiomics‐clinical nomogram achieved an AUC value of 0.90 in the training cohort and 0.91 in the validation cohort.

Conclusions

Ultrasound‐based radiomics‐clinical nomogram can accurately predict the effectiveness of NAC therapy by predicting RCB grading in breast cancer patients.
Association between the health vulnerability of family members and concern about the contagion of COVID‐19 in Peruvian residents after the pandemic
Authors: Olavarria Coronado Richard D. , Aranda Medina Julianna , Chávez Sosa Janett V. , Huancahuire‐Vega Salomón
Published: March 2024

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic has created additional challenges for family health. Worry, fear, and anxiety associated with this disease can affect the perception of family health. The study's objective was to analyze the factors associated with health vulnerability of family members in the Peruvian population after pandemic.

Methods

Observational, cross‐sectional, and analytical study. Sampling was nonprobabilistic. The sample consisted of 519 residents who met the following inclusion criteria: Peruvian resident, of both genders, over 18 years of age, who lives with their family, and who agrees to participate in the study. For data collection, the “SALUFAM” and “PRE‐COVID‐19” scales were used, which measure the health vulnerability of family members and concern about the contagion of COVID‐19, respectively. Data collection was done between January and March, 2023.

Results

Living in the Coast region increases by 3.299 times (95% CI = 1.55–9.28; p = 0.003) the probability of lower family health vulnerability compared to residents from the Jungle region. In the same way, having a low concern about the contagion of COVID‐19 increases 2.77 times (95% CI = 1.02–7.53; p = 0.044) the probability of less vulnerability to family health, unlike participants who are highly concerned about the contagion of COVID‐19.

Conclusions

It should be necessary to design prevention and family health promotion strategies according to the geographical region; it is also essential to provide education on the risks and the importance of prevention measures for COVID‐19, regardless of their initial level of concern.
Photocatalytic synthesis of 2,4‐substituted quinazolines via a one‐pot, three‐component reaction under catalyst‐free conditions
Authors: Xie Zongbo , Chen Xuehua , Jiang Guofang , Fan Qianwen , Yang Hong , Le Zhanggao
Published: March 2024

A novel, catalyst‐free photoinduced synthesis of 2,4‐substituted quinazoline using 2‐amino‐aryl ketone, an aldehyde, and ammonium acetate was developed. A series of 2,4‐substituted quinazoline compounds were obtained via irradiating the reactants with a light‐emitting diode light (18 W) at room temperature. The broad substrate range and excellent gram‐scale experimental results demonstrate the versatility of the reaction. To the best of our knowledge, the synthesis of 2,4‐substituted quinazoline using ammonium acetate as the nitrogen source under photocatalysis has not been reported thus far. This method utilizes visible light oxidation to eliminate the use of oxidants in the reaction and is complementary to previous methods.
Characteristics differentiating problem representation synthesis between novices and experts
Authors: McQuade Casey N. , Simonson Michael G. , Lister Julia , Olson Andrew P. J. , Zwaan Laura , Rothenberger Scott D. , Bonifacino Eliana
Published: March 2024

Background

Formulating a thoughtful problem representation (PR) is fundamental to sound clinical reasoning and an essential component of medical education. Aside from basic structural recommendations, little consensus exists on what characterizes high‐quality PRs.

Objectives

To elucidate characteristics that distinguish PRs created by experts and novices.

Methods

Early internal medicine residents (novices) and inpatient teaching faculty (experts) from two academic medical centers were given two written clinical vignettes and were instructed to write a PR and three‐item differential diagnosis for each. Deductive content analysis described the characteristics comprising PRs. An initial codebook of characteristics was refined iteratively. The primary outcome was differences in characteristic frequencies between groups. The secondary outcome was characteristics correlating with diagnostic accuracy. Mixed‐effects regression with random effects modeling compared case‐level outcomes by group.

Results

Overall, 167 PRs were analyzed from 30 novices and 54 experts. Experts included 0.8 fewer comorbidities (p < .01) and 0.6 more examination findings (p = .01) than novices on average. Experts were less likely to include irrelevant comorbidities (odds ratio [OR] = 0.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.2–0.8) or a diagnosis (OR = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.1–0.8) compared with novices. Experts encapsulated clinical data into higher‐order terms (e.g., sepsis) than novices (p < .01) while including similar numbers of semantic qualifiers (SQs). Regardless of expertise level, PRs following a three‐part structure (e.g., demographics, temporal course, and clinical syndrome) and including temporal SQs were associated with diagnostic accuracy (p < .01).

Conclusions

Compared with novices, expert PRs include less irrelevant data and synthesize information into higher‐order concepts. Future studies should determine whether targeted educational interventions for PRs improve diagnostic accuracy.