bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perencanaan Komunikasi Pemasaran Starbucks Selama Covid-19: Studi Kasus Interaksi Simbolik Starbucks di Perumahan Citra Enam
Authors: Febriyanto Febriyanto , Pribadi Muhammad Adi
Published: March 2021

Marketing communication is important especially in determining the success of a product. Starbucks that must be able to struggle in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic that attacks many economic sectors in the world must set their marketing communication plans to match their initial targets. Although there are many considerations in determining planning in the midst of COVID-19. Starbucks image branch 6 establishes in advance the business objectives, strategy, tactics, rules, monitoring, and evaluation. In this research has a very important role. Determination of the right strategy and also how they set business goals in the midst of a pandemic virus will have an effect on their sales, of course after that they must also carry out monitoring and evaluation to see what they have set. This research uses a qualitative methodology with a case study method. Collecting data in this method by means of in-depth interviews, documentation, archival records and participant observation. In this research, there is an interaction that uses symbols such as regulations and the use of language in daily activities at Starbucks, the sixth image branch, especially in the midst of this co-19 pandemic.Komunikasi pemasaran merupakan hal yang penting terlebih dalam menentukan keberhasilan dari sebuah produk. Starbucks yang harus dapat berjuang di tengah masa pandemic COVID- 19 yang menyerang banyak sektor perekonomian di dunia harus menetapkan perencanaan Komunikasi pemasaran mereka agar sesuai dengan target awal mereka. Walaupun banyak pertimbangan dalam menentukan perencanaan di tengah COVID-19 ini.Starbucks cabang Citra 6 menetapkan terlebih dahulu Tujuan bisnis, Strategi,Taktis, Aturan, Monitoring, dan Evaluasi . Dalam penelitian ini memiliki peran yang sangat penting.Penentuan Strategi yang tepat dan juga bagaimana mereka menetapkan tujuan bisnis di tengah pandemi virus ini akan memberikan dampak ke penjualan mereka, tentu setelah itu mereka harus juga melakukan monitoring dan evaluasi untuk melihat apa yang telah mereka tetapkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dalam metode ini dengan cara wawancara mendalam, dokumentasi, rekaman arsip dan observasi partisipan. Dalam penelitian ini terjadi adanya interaksi yang menggunakan simbol-simbol seperti peraturan dan adanya penggunaan bahasa dalam kegiatan sehari-hari di Starbucks cabang Citra Enam terlebih di tengah pandemi covid-19 ini.
CERITA BERGAMBAR ‘MEN TIWAS TEKEN MEN SUGIH’ BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Antare I Gusti Ngurah Putu Reksa , Setiawan I Ketut
Published: March 2021

The development of technology nowadays has gradually scraped the local wisdom which is one of them is folktales. Whereas in folktales contains many positive values about moral, positive character, and ethics in attitude which can be used as learning media especially for children.The lost of folktales can be influenced by the lost of story telling tradition by parents to their children. Moreover, the stories being told orally or contained in the books seem borinh for children because they have been already closed with smartphone which provides many types of entertainments with easier access. Gradually, the folktales which is the inheritance by our ancestors from a long time will be lost. This research aims to create a development of folktales in form of comics based on mobile android by taking a balines story entitled Men Sugih Teken Men Tiwas.Data collection method consists of 3 methods namely interview, observation, and questionnaire with data analysis done in detailed with Human Centered Design method. The comic story entitled Men Sugih Teken Men Tiwas based on mobile android shows a positive result, as alternative media to attract the children’s interest to know about folktales with more modern packaging.
Reduction from non-injective hidden shift problem to injective hidden shift problem
Authors: Gharibi Mirmojtaba
Published: March 2021

We introduce a simple tool that can be used to reduce non-injective instances of the hidden shift problem over arbitrary group to injective instances over the same group. In particular, we show that the average-case non-injective hidden shift problem admit this reduction. We show similar results for (non-injective) hidden shift problem for bent functions. We generalize the notion of influence and show how it relates to applicability of this tool for doing reductions. In particular, these results can be used to simplify the main results by Gavinsky, Roetteler, and Roland about the hidden shift problem for the Boolean-valued functions and bent functions, and also to generalize their results to non-Boolean domains (thereby answering an open question that they pose).
Spin squeezing of one-axis twisting model in the presence of phase dephasing
Authors: Ji Chen-Guang , Liu Yong-Chun , Jin Guang-Ri
Published: March 2021

We present a detailed analysis of spin squeezing of the one-axis twisting model with a many-body phase dephasing, which is induced by external field fluctuation in a two-mode Bose-Einstein condensates. Even in the presence of the dephasing, our analytical results show that the optimal initial state corresponds to a coherent spin state $|\theta_{0}, \phi_0\rangle$ with the polar angle $\theta_0=\pi/2$. If the dephasing rate $\gamma\ll S^{-1/3}$, where $S$ is total atomic spin, we find that the smallest value of squeezing parameter (i.e., the strongest squeezing) obeys the same scaling with the ideal one-axis twisting case, namely $\xi^2\propto S^{-2/3}$. While for a moderate dephasing, the achievable squeezing obeys the power rule $S^{-2/5}$, which is slightly worse than the ideal case. When the dephasing rate $\gamma>S^{1/2}$, we show that the squeezing is weak and neglectable.
Entanglement and output entropy of the diagonal map
Authors: Hellmund Meis
Published: March 2021

We review some properties of the convex roof extension, a construction used, e.g., in the definition of the entanglement of formation. Especially we consider the use of symmetries of channels and states for the construction of the convex roof. As an application we study the entanglement entropy of the diagonal map for permutation symmetric real $N=3$ states $\omega(z)$ and solve the case $z<0$ where $z$ is the non-diagonal entry in the density matrix. We also report a surprising result about the behavior of the output entropy of the diagonal map for arbitrary dimensions $N$; showing a bifurcation at $N=6$.
Trivial low energy states for commuting Hamiltonians, and the quantum PCP conjecture
Authors: Hastings Matthew
Published: March 2021

We consider the entanglement properties of ground states of Hamiltonians which are sums of commuting projectors (we call these commuting projector Hamiltonians), in particular whether or not they have ``trivial" ground states, where a state is trivial if it is constructed by a local quantum circuit of bounded depth and range acting on a product state. It is known that Hamiltonians such as the toric code only have nontrivial ground states in two dimensions. Conversely, commuting projector Hamiltonians which are sums of two-body interactions have trivial ground states\cite{bv}. Using a coarse-graining procedure, this implies that any such Hamiltonian with bounded range interactions in one dimension has a trivial ground state. In this paper, we further explore the question of which Hamiltonians have trivial ground states. We define an ``interaction complex" for a Hamiltonian, which generalizes the notion of interaction graph and we show that if the interaction complex can be continuously mapped to a $1$-complex using a map with bounded diameter of pre-images then the Hamiltonian has a trivial ground state assuming one technical condition on the Hamiltonians holds (this condition holds for all stabilizer Hamiltonians, and we additionally prove the result for all Hamiltonians under one assumption on the $1$-complex). While this includes the cases considered by Ref.~\onlinecite{bv}, we show that it also includes a larger class of Hamiltonians whose interaction complexes cannot be coarse-grained into the case of Ref.~\onlinecite{bv} but still can be mapped continuously to a $1$-complex. One motivation for this study is an approach to the quantum PCP conjecture. We note that many commonly studied interaction complexes can be mapped to a $1$-complex after removing a small fraction of sites. For commuting projector Hamiltonians on such complexes, in order to find low energy trivial states for the original Hamiltonian, it would suffice to find trivial ground states for the Hamiltonian with those sites removed. Such trivial states can act as a classical witness to the existence of a low energy state. While this result applies for commuting Hamiltonians and does not necessarily apply to other Hamiltonians, it suggests that to prove a quantum PCP conjecture for commuting Hamiltonians, it is worth investigating interaction complexes which cannot be mapped to $1$-complexes after removing a small fraction of points. We define this more precisely below; in some sense this generalizes the notion of an expander graph. Surprisingly, such complexes do exist as will be shown elsewhere\cite{fh}, and have useful properties in quantum coding theory.
How Wide Is the Window Opened by High-Resolution Relaxometry on the Internal Dynamics of Proteins in Solution?
Authors: Smith Albert , Bolik-Coulon Nicolas , Ernst Matthias , Meier Beat , Ferrage Fabien
Published: March 2021

Here we apply the detectors approach to probe the amount of information in high-resolution relaxometry measurements in biological macromolecules in solution. We show that high-resolution relaxometry provides new relevant information in the nanosecond range and that the additional range of information is all the more large as the overall rotational diffusion is slow.
Organic Functionalization at the Si(001) Dimer Vacancy Defect – Structure, Bonding and Reactivity
Authors: Luy Jan-Niclas , Tonner Ralf
Published: March 2021

In this density functional theory study, the influence of the dimer vacancy on the reactivity of the Si(001) surface is investigated. To this end, electronic and structural properties of the defect are analyzed. Band structure calculations reveal a higher-lying valence band which would suggest increased reactivity. However, the opposite is found when organic molecules for interface formation (acetylene, ethylene and cyclooctyne) are adsorbed at the defect. Significant reaction barriers have to be overcome in order to form bonds with defect atoms, while adsorption on the pristine surface is mostly direct. This suggests the presence of a, rather weak, Si-Si bond across the defect which must be dissociated before organic adsorbates can react. A rich adsorption and reaction network is found in addition to the structures known from the pristine surface. All three investigated adsorbates show different bonding characteristics. For acetylene and ethylene, the preferred thermodynamic sink is the insertion into the defect, with the latter molecule even dissociating. Bulky cyclooctyne on the other hand avoids reaction with the defect due to steric demands imposed by the small defect cavity. The DV has no effect on reactivity of neighboring dimers. A combination of defect creation and hydrogen-precoverage could be a promising approach for selective surface functionalization. We thus show the influence of a non-ideal surface on organic functionalization and interface build-up reactions for a prototypical interface.
Azobispyrazole Family as Photoswitches Combining (Near-)Quantitative Bidirectional Isomerization and Widely Tunable Thermal Half-Lives from Hours to Years
Authors: He Yixin , Shangguan Zhichun , Zhang Zhao-Yang , Xie Mingchen , Yu Chunyang , LI Tao
Published: March 2021

Azobenzenes are classical molecular photoswitches that have received widespread application. In recent endeavors of molecular design, replacing one or both phenyl rings by heteroaromatic ones is emerging as a strategy to expand the molecular diversity and to access improved photoswitch properties. However, the currently available heteroaryl azo switches generally show limitations on E ⇆ Z photoisomerization yields and/or Z-isomer stability. Here we report a family of azobispyrazoles as new photoswitches, which combine (near-)quantitative bidirectional photoconversions and widely tunable Z-isomer thermal half-lives (t1/2) from hours to years. A visible-light-activated photoswitch is also obtained. Systematic experimental and theoretical investigations reveal the different geometric and electronic structures of azobispyrazoles from those of phenylazopyrazoles, overcoming the conflict existing in the latter between effective photoconversion and Z-isomer stability. Our work shows the great potential of azobispyrazoles in developing photoresponsive systems and can inspire the rational design of new photoswitches making use of bis-heteroaryl azo architecture.
Isoreticular Crystallization of Highly Porous Cubic Covalent Organic Cage Compounds
Authors: Ivanova Svetlana , Köster Eva , Holstein Julian J. , Keller Niklas , Clever Guido H. , Bein Thomas , Beuerle Florian
Published: March 2021

Modular frameworks featuring well-defined pore structures in microscale domains establish tailor-made porous materials. For open molecular solids however, maintaining long-range order after desolvation is inherently challenging, since packing is usually governed by only a few supramolecular interactions. Here we report on two series of nanocubes obtained by co-condensation of two different hexahydroxy tribenzotriquinacenes (TBTQs) and benzene-1,4-diboronic acids (BDBAs) with varying linear alkyl chains in 2,5-position. nButyl groups at the apical position of the TBTQ vertices yielded soluble model compounds, which were analyzed by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. In contrast, methyl-substituted cages spontaneously crystallized as isostructural and highly porous solids with BET surface areas and pore volumes of up to 3426 m2 g−1 and 1.82 cm3 g−1. Single crystal X-ray diffraction and sorption measurements revealed an intricate cubic arrangement of alternating micro- and mesopores in the range of 0.97–2.2 nm that are fine-tuned by the alkyl substituents at the BDBA linker.
Highly Regio- and Diastereoselective Tethered Aza-Wacker Cyclizations of Alkenyl Phosphoramidates
Authors: Shinde Anand H. , Thomas Annu , Mague Joel T , Sathyamoorthi Shyam
Published: March 2021

We present highly diastereoselective tetheredaza-Wacker cyclization reactions of alkenyl phosphoramidates. “Arming” the phosphoramidate tether with 5-chloro-8-quinolinol was essential to achieving >20:1 diastereoselectivity in these reactions. The substrate scope with respect to alkenyl alcohols and phosphoramidate tether was extensively explored. The scalability of the oxidative cyclization was demonstrated, and the product cyclophosphoramidates were shown to be valuable synthons, including for tether removal. With chiral alkenyl precursors, enantiopure cyclic phosphoramidates were formed.
Phase Coexistence and Structural Dynamics of Redox Metal Catalysts Revealed by Operando TEM
Authors: Huang Xing , Jones Travis , Fedorov Alexey , Farra Ramzi , Copéret Christophe , Schlögl Robert , Willinger Marc
Published: March 2021

Metal catalysts play an important role in industrial redox reactions. Although extensively studied, the state of these catalysts under operating conditions is largely unknown and assignments of active sites remain speculative. Herein, we present an operando transmission electron microscopy study that interrelates structural dynamics of redox metal catalysts to their activity. Using hydrogen oxidation on copper as an elementary redox reaction, we reveal how the interaction between metal and surrounding gas phase induces complex structural transformations and drives the system from a thermodynamic equilibrium towards a state controlled by chemical dynamics. Direct imaging combined with the simultaneous detection of catalytic activity provides unparalleled structureactivity insights that identify distinct mechanisms for water formation and reveals the means by which the system self-adjusts to changes of the gas phase chemical potential. Density function theory calculations show that surface phase transitions are driven by chemical dynamics even when the system is far from a thermodynamic phase boundary. In a bottom-up approach, the dynamic behavior observed here for an elementary reaction is finally extended to more relevant redox reactions and other metal catalysts, which underlines the importance of chemical dynamics for the formation and constant re-generation of transient active sites during catalysis.
Predicting Single-Substance Phase Diagrams: A Kernel Approach on Graph Representations of Molecules
Authors: Xiang Yan , Tang Yu-Hang , Liu Hongyi , Lin Guang , Sun Huai
Published: March 2021

This work presents a Gaussian process regression (GPR) model on top of a novel graph representation of chemical molecules that predicts thermodynamic properties of pure substances in single, double, and triple phases. A transferable molecular graph representation is proposed as the input for a marginalized graph kernel, which is the major component of the covariance function in our GPR models. Radial basis function kernels of temperature and pressure are also incorporated into the covariance function when necessary. We predicted three types of representative properties of pure substances in single, double, and triple phases, i.e., critical temperature, vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) density, and pressure-temperature density. The data is collected from Knovel Data Analysis Beta: NIST ThermoDynamics Pure Compounds. The accuracy of the models is nearly identical to the precision of the experimental measurements. Moreover, the reliability of our predictions can be quantified on a per-sample basis using the posterior uncertainty of the GPR model. We compare our model against Morgan fingerprints and a graph neural network to further demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method. The marginalized graph kernel is computed using GraphDot package at https://github.com/yhtang/GraphDot. All codes used in this work can be found at https://github.com/Xiangyan93/Chem-Graph-Kernel-Machine.
The Orbital Picture of the First Dipole Hyperpolarizability from Many-Body Response Theory
Authors: Nanda Kaushik , Krylov Anna
Published: March 2021

We present an approach for obtaining a molecular orbital picture of the first dipole hyperpolarizability from correlated many-body electronic structure methods. Ab initio calculations of β rely on quadratic response theory, whichrecasts the sum-over-all-states expression of β into a closed-form expression by calculating a handful of first- andsecond-order response states; for resonantly enhanced β , damped response theory is used. These response states arethen used to construct second-order response reduced one-particle density matrices (1PDMs), which, upon visual-ization in terms of natural orbitals (NOs), facilitate a rigorous and black-box mapping of the underlying electronicstructure with β. We explain the interpretation of different components of the response 1PDMs and the correspondingNOs within both the undamped and damped response theory framework. We illustrate the utility of this new tool bydeconstructing β for cis-difluoroethene, para-nitroaniline, and hemibonded OH . +H 2 O complex, computed within theframework of coupled-cluster singles and doubles response theory, in terms of the underlying response 1PDMs andNOs for a range of frequencies.
Exploitation of Baird Aromaticity and Clar's Rule for Tuning the Triplet Energies of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Plasser Felix
Published: March 2021

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are a prominent substance class with a variety of applications in molecular materials science. Their electronic properties crucially depend on the bond topology in ways that are often highly non-intuitive. Here, we study, using density functional theory, the triplet states of four PAHs based on the biphenylene motif finding dramatically different triplet excitation energies for closely related isomeric structures. These differences are rationalised using a qualitative description of Clar sextets and Baird quartets, quantified in terms of nucleus independent chemical shifts, and represented graphically through a recently developed method for visualising chemical shielding tensors (VIST). These results are further interpreted in terms of a 2D rigid rotor model of aromaticity and through an analysis of the natural transition orbitals involved in the triplet excited states showing good consistency between the different viewpoints. We believe that this work constitutes an important step in consolidating these varying viewpoints of electronically excited states.
Kalirin-RAC controls nucleokinetic migration in ADRN-type neuroblastoma
Authors: Afanasyeva Elena A , Gartlgruber Moritz , Ryl Tatsiana , Decaesteker Bieke , Denecker Geertrui , Mönke Gregor , Toprak Umut H , Florez Andres , Torkov Alica , Dreidax Daniel , Herrmann Carl , Okonechnikov Konstantin , Ek Sara , Sharma Ashwini Kumar , Sagulenko Vitaliya , Speleman Frank , Henrich Kai-Oliver , Westermann Frank
Published: March 2021

The migrational propensity of neuroblastoma is affected by cell identity, but the mechanisms behind the divergence remain unknown. Using RNAi and time-lapse imaging, we show that ADRN-type NB cells exhibit RAC1- and kalirin-dependent nucleokinetic (NUC) migration that relies on several integral components of neuronal migration. Inhibition of NUC migration by RAC1 and kalirin-GEF1 inhibitors occurs without hampering cell proliferation and ADRN identity. Using three clinically relevant expression dichotomies, we reveal that most of up-regulated mRNAs in RAC1- and kalirin–GEF1–suppressed ADRN-type NB cells are associated with low-risk characteristics. The computational analysis shows that, in a context of overall gene set poverty, the upregulomes in RAC1- and kalirin–GEF1–suppressed ADRN-type cells are a batch of AU-rich element–containing mRNAs, which suggests a link between NUC migration and mRNA stability. Gene set enrichment analysis–based search for vulnerabilities reveals prospective weak points in RAC1- and kalirin–GEF1–suppressed ADRN-type NB cells, including activities of H3K27- and DNA methyltransferases. Altogether, these data support the introduction of NUC inhibitors into cancer treatment research.
Reinterpreting the Indonesia’s Relations with the Middle East towards the Era of Society 5.0
Authors: Istadiyantha Istadiyantha
Published: March 2021

This paper aimed at opening up opportunities to look for new meanings in Indonesia's relations with Middle Eastern countries, which are no longer a binary opposition, such as good and black and white, but are searching for colors and other positive meanings. Many people interpret an entity solely on the basis of a frozen meaning, a static meaning, and seem monotonous. Deconstruction seeks to offer a new meaning through re-actualization, redefinition, and/or re-interpretation. In general, this paper discusses the "new meaning" of Indonesia's relations with the Middle East. This paper argues that to welcome Society 5.0 through Humanism, both Indonesia and the Middle East share the same opportunity to advance humanism aspects that would be applicable to that era. Humanism which is being developed must be controlled by three things: anthropocentric, echocentric and theocentric. We need human beings' intelligent role in a society that chooses and sorts super intelligent technology to share common virtues. Hopefully, in the meantime the Society 5.0 era will bring much help for the Indonesia's cooperation with the Middle Eastern countries for a better future of both.
INVESTIGATION OF EVAPORATION AND CONDENSATION PROCESS OF INDUCED FLOW USING STEAM EJECTOR
Authors: Jamal Shahad
Published: March 2021

The research aims to understand the design parameters of steam ejector nozzle on the performance of flash evaporation induced by the effect of a steam jet passing through it. The research concentrates on studying the effect of ejector nozzle outlet diameter on induced flow from preheated water in a specified evaporator using a subsonic ejector. The thermal energy extracted from the condensed steam mixture in the condenser is used to heat the water in the evaporator. The experimental tests investigate the effect of nozzle geometry on the induced evaporation process by changing nozzle outlet diameter while keeping the pressure of evaporator, condenser and primary steam constant. The experimental results proved that both primary and secondary steam mass flow rates increase versus nozzle outlet diameter, while the entrainment ratio of secondary to primary steam flow rates decreases due to the restricted increase of the secondary steam mass flow rate. The mathematical model prepared to simulate the behaviour of the subsonic ejector is validated using the comparison between experimental and theoretical results. The mathematical model showed that maximum entrainment of 0.57 is obtained at a primary steam pressure of 2 bars when the nozzle outlet diameter is fixed at 1.5 mm, while minimum entrainment ratio of 0.17 is estimated at 1.5 bar pressure related to primary steam when the nozzle outlet diameter is fixed at 2.5mm. The authors recommend defining nozzle geometrical parameters according to the operating conditions of the experimental test rig to enhance ejector efficiency.
ASCE/SEI Advancements in Structural Fire Engineering
Authors: LaMalva Kevin J.
Published: March 2021

Advancements put forth by the Structural Engineering Institute (SEI) of ASCE are paving the way for a regulated engineered alternative to the long‐standing archaic requirements for structural fire design. For the past century, project stakeholders have tolerated a strikingly inefficient and amorphous system for protecting structures from uncontrolled fire. Traditionally, fire protection is prescribed for structures after they have been optimized for ambient design loads (i.e., gravity, wind, seismic, and others), with no explicit consideration of structural fire performance. Accordingly, the vulnerability of buildings to structural failure from uncontrolled fire is presumably variable across different jurisdictions, which have varying structural design requirements for ambient loads. Also, structural engineers are often absent from the structural fire protection design process entirely.

In conjunction with new provisions in Appendix E of Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criterial for Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE/SEI 7‐16), a first‐of‐its‐kind ASCE/SEI Manual of Practice 138: Structural Fire Engineering, has been developed to provide structural engineers a baseline level of guidance to practice structural fire engineering. Also, ASCE/SEI has partnered with the Charles Pankow Foundation to conduct an ambitious project meant to showcase this new technology to the industry. Advancing the adoption of performance‐based structural fire engineering within the AEC industry will benefit public safety while delivering more efficient and economic building designs.
Recent advancements in the monitoring of bridges using "smart" components
Authors: Treacy Mark , Della Ca' Danilo , Meng Niculin
Published: March 2021

Making the transition to ultra-long bridge design life requires a paradigm shift in the way bridge maintenance is considered. In order to achieve a very long service life, the maintenance program must be carefully planned and strictly executed throughout the structure’s life. A bridge’s bearings and expansion joints experience the full effects of traffic and the environment throughout that service life, and can act as ideal “smart” components

– incorporating integrated sensors in order to continuously monitor the components’ own performance, and the structure’s overall performance, over time. Installation and testing of such sensors in factory conditions allows very high quality control, which cannot easily be matched on site. So-called “wear elements”, such as the sliding surface materials in bearings and expansion joints, will need to be replaced a number of times during a long service life, even when using the highest-quality materials available. Recognizing this fact, and incorporating monitoring systems that can track the deterioration of such elements and provide advance warnings for the owner, can result in efficient life-cycle planning of bridge maintenance, vital for major transport infrastructure. Recent developments and added value of such “smart” technologies are discussed.
Performance of Aged Asphalt Binder Treated with Various Types of Rejuvenators
Authors: Bilema Munder , Bin Aman Yusri , Hassan Norhidayah Abdul , Al-Saffar Zaid , Ahmad Kabiru , Rogo Kabiru
Published: March 2021

High demand for asphalt binders in road construction verifies the need of finding alternative materials through asphalt pavement recycling. This paper investigated the impact of different rejuvenators on the performance of an aged asphalt binder. Virgin Olive oil, virgin cooking oil, waste cooking oil, virgin engine oil, and waste engine oil were added to a 30/40 penetration grade aged asphalt binder at a fixed oil content of 4% for all types. The wet method was used to blend the rejuvenators and aged asphalt binder. The physical, rheological, and chemical properties of the rejuvenated asphalt binder were evaluated using several laboratory tests which include penetration, softening point, bleeding, loss on heating, storage stability, penetration index, ductility, viscosity, dynamic shear rheometer, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The outcomes of the physical properties showed that the olive, waste, and virgin cooking rejuvenators can restore the aged asphalt binder to a penetration grade of 60/70. In contrast, the virgin and waste engine oil required a more quantity of oil to rejuvenate the aged asphalt binder. A sufficient amount of rejuvenator could regenerate the (G*/sin δ), (δ°), and (G*) for the aged asphalt binder. The addition of virgin olive and cooking oils in aged asphalt led to a rutting issue. No chemical reactions were observed with the addition of rejuvenators but they give an impact on reducing the oxidation level of the aged asphalt binder. As a result, further research should be performed on waste cooking oil given that it is inexpensive and provides excellent performance results. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091669 Full Text: PDF
PREVALENCE OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY AND ITS SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS ON PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN THE CAPE COAST METROPOLIS, GHANA
Authors: Amissah Augustina Araba , Mensah Justice , Mensah John Victor
Published: March 2021

Childhood obesity is a major public health concern around the globe as it is associated with adverse consequences such as psychological problems, lower educational attainment, and a high risk of health challenges later in life. The study investigated the prevalence of obesity and its socio-psychological effects on primary school children in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. Interview schedule and interview guide were used to collect primary data from 317 pupils and 24 teachers respectively from public and private schools in 2018. Microsoft Excel software (version 2013) was used to analyse quantitative data while content analysis was used for qualitative data based on themes. The result indicated that the overall prevalence rate was five percent. Prevalence of obesity was higher in private schools than public schools while that among male pupils was higher than their female counterparts. Pupils of age 11 years were at higher risk than those at age nine years.  The socio-psychological effects on the affected children included stigmatization, exclusion from taking part in some competitive activities, inactive and often slept during lessons. The school authorities should collaborate with the Metropolitan Directorates of Education and Health to manage obesity in the schools. They could invite health experts to educate school management, teachers, pupils, and parents on support systems for managing childhood obesity.
The Conceptualization of Risk Tolerance and Scale Development for Measuring Publics’ Tolerance of Individual Health Risks
Authors: Jun Hyoyeun , Jin Yan
Published: March 2021

Risk tolerance, identified by scholars over two decades ago as an essential concept in risk communication, has remained understudied without clear conceptual and operational definitions. As the first study developing a multiple-item scale for measuring at-risk publics’ tolerance of different risk types, this study refines the conceptualization of risk tolerance and advances its operationalization in the setting of individual health risks. Qualitative research (in-depth interviews: n = 28; focus group: n = 30) and two survey datasets (sample 1: n = 500; sample 2: n = 500) were employed for scale development and testing. Results identify that two types of individual health risk tolerance exhibited by at-risk publics: (1) Compulsive tendency toward risk taking (CTRT), as evidenced in their unwillingness to refrain from risky behaviors even if they know the negative consequences and (2) inertial resistance to risk prevention (IRRP), as indicated by their indifference toward or intentionally ignoring health messages advocating for behavioral changes. The two-factor 13-item scale’s reliability, factorial structure, and validity are further assessed. This risk tolerance scale provides a valid and reliable psychometric tool for risk communication scholars and practitioners to measure publics’ tolerance of different individual health risks in order to design effective messages to overcome it as a barrier.
Влияние социокультурных факторов на финансовое развитие
Authors: Данилов Ю. А. , Пивоваров Д. А.
Published: March 2021

В работе оценивается степень воздействия ряда социокультурных факторов, основу которых составляют переменные Хофстеде, на финансовое развитие. Используя межстрановой анализ, авторы выявили три социокультурных параметра, которые имеют значимое влияние на Индекс финансового развития, использованный в качестве интегральной оценки национального финансового развития: индивидуализм, терпимость (допустимость) и долгосрочная ориентация. На основании полученных результатов сформулированы рекомендации по корректировке государственного влияния на социокультурные факторы в Российской Федерации. На наш взгляд, необходимо сохранять долгосрочную ориентацию как преимущество и преодолевать недостаточность терпимости и индивидуализма. Так как финансовое развитие способствует экономическому росту и преодолению неравенства, такая корректировка социокультурных параметров (в целом крайне инерционных) будет в долгосрочной перспективе положительно воздействовать и на параметры социально-экономического развития России.
Агломерации как драйвер экономического роста России в условиях глобальных вызовов
Authors: Волчкова И. В. , Уфимцева Е. В. , Шадейко Н. Р. , Селиверстов А. А.
Published: March 2021

Исследование направлено на обобщение результатов научных трудов, предметом изучения которых выступают современные тенденции пространственного развития российских агломераций. В статье проведен анализ ряда положений и ключевых приоритетов Стратегии пространственного развития России, показаны сопряженные с этим развитием глобальные и региональные вызовы и угрозы, обозначена роль в этом процессе агломераций. Приведены имеющиеся в научной литературе точки зрения на сущность, тенденции и противоречия пространственного развития агломераций, его влияния на социально-экономические процессы, протекающие в соответствующих регионах. На основе ряда исследований систематизированы факторы пространственной поляризации агломераций, показаны условия их сбалансированного развития. Проведенный анализ официальных документов позволил выделить стратегические приоритеты, вектор и сценарии развития агломераций в интересах экономического роста России.
Схоластическая риторика как метод производства текстов в сообществе экономистов-теоретиков
Authors: Ефимов В. М.
Published: March 2021

Хотя новые идеи в науке вырабатывают индивиды, наука является коллективной деятельностью. Общение ученых – важная часть их работы. В естествознании исследователи общаются по поводу своих контактов с объектами исследования, которые принимают в естественных науках форму экспериментов. Один из основателей исходного американского институционализма, Джон Коммонс, обсуждал со своими коллегами и студентами факты, источником которых были контакты с экономическими акторами, контакты, которые были функциональным аналогом экспериментов в естествознании. Так как регулярности в социальной сфере проистекают из того, что акторы следуют в своем поведении определенным правилам, выявление этих правил здесь равносильно выявлению регулярностей, чему и служили контакты исследователей с акторами. Эта исследовательская традиция, активно практиковавшаяся в США между двумя мировыми войнами, была подавлена во времена маккартизма. Была восстановлена, усилена и технически (математически) усовершенствована старая традиция экономической науки, возникшая в университетах как продолжение и замена моральной философии, тесно связанной с теологией.

В рамках этой традиции общение между учеными происходит не по поводу контактов с объектами их исследования, а по поводу абстрактных теоретических конструкций. Это позволило таким рефлексирующим о своей профессии экономистам, как Дейдра Макклоски и Арьо Кламер, утверждать, что экономическая наука есть не что иное, как разговор (conversation) или риторика. Продолжая эту мысль, я утверждаю, что при отсутствии у экономистов-теоретиков информации о контактах с их объектами исследования, общение между ними (conversation), которое, в частности, принимает форму публикации статей, неизбежно становится схоластической риторикой. В анализируемой здесь статье Н. А. Шапиро и проявился этот метод производства текстов.
TRAT1 is differentially expressed in the lymph nodes of patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that T cell receptor associated transmembrane adaptor 1, TRAT1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. TRAT1 mRNA was present at increased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of TRAT1 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient overall survival, in lymph node positive patients but not in lymph node negative patients. Modulation of TRAT1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
A Canadian perspective on the revised 2020 ASHP–IDSA–PIDS–SIDP guidelines for vancomycin AUC-based therapeutic drug monitoring for serious MRSA infections
Authors: Stewart Jackson J , Jorgensen Sarah CJ , Dresser Linda , Lau Tim TY , Gin Alfred , Thirion Daniel JG , Nishi Cesilia , Dalton Bruce
Published: March 2021

Background: A revised consensus guideline on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of vancomycin for serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections was recently published with endorsement of numerous American pharmacy and medical societies. Changing practice from trough TDM to area-under-the-curve-(AUC)-guided dosing was suggested. Methods: Recent literature was critically appraised to determine whether AUC TDM is appropriate for Canadian hospital practice. Results: Previous 2009 vancomycin consensus guidelines recommended trough levels of 15–20 mg/L for serious MRSA infections, based on relatively poor evidence for efficacy or safety. In the past decade, aggressive trough targets have led to unnecessary toxicity. Adoption of a TDM strategy using an alternative parameter (AUC) has been suggested, although the evidence for any outcome benefits is low quality. In addition, implementation would require greater resources at health care institutions in the forms of more frequent serum levels or acquisition of costly Bayesian software programs. Most studies on this subject have been observational and retrospective; therefore, relationships between TDM parameters and outcomes have not been convincingly and consistently demonstrated to be causal in nature. Despite claims to the contrary, based on few in silico experiments, available clinical data suggest correlation of trough levels and AUC is high. TDM with lower target trough levels is a simpler solution to reduce risk of toxicity. Conclusions: There are serious concerns with adoption of AUC TDM of vancomycin into routine practice in Canada. Trough-based monitoring with modest reduction in target levels remains the most evidence-informed practice at this time.
Can Backward Walking Speed Reserve Discriminate Older Adults at High Fall Risk?
Authors: Yada Trishia T. , Taulbee Logan , Balasubramanian Chitra , Freund Jane , Vallabhajosula Srikant
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The authors examine whether community-dwelling older adults at high fall risk have lower backward walking speed reserve (WSR) than their healthy counterparts. Method: Twenty-one healthy older adults and 20 older adults at high fall risk performed five trials of forward walking at a self-selected and maximal pace. In addition, all participants walked backward at a self-selected pace, and 15 participants from each group walked backward at a maximal pace. WSR was calculated as the difference between maximal and self-selected walking speed. Comparisons between groups were made using a one-tailed independent samples t-test or Mann–Whitney U-test with an α value of 0.025. Results: Older adults at high fall risk were significantly slower during self-selected forward walking (11.7%; p = 0.006), maximal forward walking (15.5%; p = 0.001), self-selected backward walking (25.3%; p = 0.002), and maximal backward walking (23.8%; p = 0.006). Older adults at high fall risk showed a lesser forward WSR (25.4%; p = 0.03) and backward WSR (23.7%; p = 0.03). Conclusions: Backward WSR is not useful for discriminating between healthy older adults and older adults at high fall risk. The results imply that forward or backward walking speed rather than WSR might be a useful measure.
Reliability of the Revised Motor Learning Strategies Rating Instrument and Its Role in Describing the Motor Learning Strategy Content of Physiotherapy Sessions in Paediatric Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Spivak Michaela R. , Chan Jillian R. , Cooper Mikayla S. , Petrucci Christina , Sheridan Alannah M. , Tang Tina Y. , Wright F. Virginia , Ryan Jennifer L.
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Documenting the use of motor learning strategies (MLS) in physiotherapy is a foundational step in understanding the effectiveness of motor skills–based treatments in paediatric acquired brain injury (ABI). The purpose of this study was to estimate the inter- and intrarater reliability of the revised Motor Learning Strategies Rating Instrument (MLSRI–22) in physiotherapy for children and youth with ABI when administered by trained student physiotherapists. The MLSRI–22 was then used to describe the MLS content of traditional and robotic treadmill training physiotherapy sessions for children with ABI to demonstrate its application. Method: Thirty videos of children with ABI receiving Lokomat or traditional physiotherapy were rated using the MLSRI–22. Inter- and intrarater reliability were estimated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs). Mean MLSRI–22 item scores described the MLS session content. Results: MLSRI–22 total score inter- and intrarater ICCs were 0.81 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.91) and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.90, 0.98), respectively. There were similarities and differences in MLS content between treatment approaches. Conclusions: Trained assessors can reliably administer the MLSRI–22 in physiotherapy for children with ABI. Research using MLSRI–22 scores to explore and systematically compare MLS across treatment approaches may provide insight into their effectiveness and contribute to MLS practice guidelines for children with ABI.
"Until the light fades, until the candle burns…»
Authors: Rudman Olga Borisovna
Published: March 2021

This work is devoted to the Russian language. In the article, the author speaks about the importance of dictionaries, reference books and encyclopedias. The relevance of the research is caused by the fact that children in the modern world pay insufficient attention to reading, as well as by the fact that modern technologies are replacing the usual paper versions of books, and electronic copies are replacing them.
Misleading Presentation of Colorectal Cancer in an Otherwise Healthy Patient
Authors: Aljarshawi Mustafa , Albadree Haitham , Bahar Hasan , Al-Imam Ahmed
Published: March 2021

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the second most common malignancy and the fourth most common cause of cancer deaths. CRC can manifest early with bright red bleeding per rectum, tenesmus, and altered bowel habits. These symptoms are often attributed to benign lesions, including anal fissure. Our objective is to highlight the alarming scenario of an anal fissure masking the clinical features of an underlying colorectal cancer in healthy middle-aged patients.
Case Report
Our case report aims to discuss how congruent clinical features of benign-looking anal fissure can delay the diagnosis of rectal cancer. In January 2019, a healthy forty-four years old Iraqi male with no family history of colorectal neoplasms presented to Baghdad Medical City. He suffered from a long-standing peri-anal pain and infrequent bowel motion that was initially diagnosed as an anal fissure. Subsequent clinical assessment, with endoscopy, confirmed the presence of colorectal adenocarcinoma. We also carried out analytics, using Google Trends, to assess the spatiotemporal mapping of web users interested in case scenarios similar to our patient.
Conclusion
Anal fissure could coexist with colorectal cancer, even in younger patients. Therefore, it is essential to consider anal fissure and colorectal cancer on clinical assessment. Follow-up visits are paramount to exclude underlying life-threatening aetiology at secondary care.