bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Explore High Bonding Reliability of Cu Wire Bonded Devices under Extreme Halide Contaminated Environments
Authors: Asokan Muthappan , Caperton Joshua , Salunke Ashish , Chyan Oliver , Xu Fei
Published: December 2018

Copper has rapidly replaced gold as the preferred wire bonding material in microelectronic packaging due to its lower cost and many performance advantages. However, halides induced corrosion-related failures need to be carefully controlled to ensure maximum bonding reliability. Literature reported corrosion studies mostly focus on intermetallic compounds as the corrosion vulnerability. Utilizing a novel corrosion screening approach, we established that the bimetallic contact between Cu balls and Al bond pad is the real driver for the observed heavy Al pad corrosion induced by chloride ions [1]. We identified, for the first time, H2 evolution was the coupling cathodic half reaction to the Al bond pad corrosion. With these improved mechanistic insights, we developed an effective corrosion inhibition strategy that utilizes chemical vapor deposition to selectively bond corrosion inhibitors to these critical Cu ball/Al pad interfaces. A new corrosion-screening platform was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of this inhibitor protection treatment. After intentionally loaded chloride contaminants on the die surface, the molded Cu wire bonded devices with selected inhibitor treatment were subjected to PCT stress tests. The subsequent failure analyses, showed selected inhibitor treatment is highly effective of preventing Al bond pad corrosion even under the massive attack of heavy Cl− ion contamination and extensive delamination.
Electrical Characterization of Low Temperature PECVD Oxides for TSV Applications
Authors: Mackowiak Piotr , Abdallah Rachid , Wilke Martin , Patel Jash , Ashraf Huma , Buchanan Keith , Lang Klaus-Dieter , Schneider-Ramelow Martin , Ngo Ha-Duong
Published: December 2018

In the present work we investigate the quality of low temperature Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) and plasma treated Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)-based TSV-liner films. Different designs of Trough Silicon Via (TSV) Test structures with 10μm and 20μm width and a depth of 100μm have been fabricated. Two differently doped silicon substrates have been used – highly p-doped and moderately doped. The results for break-through, resistivity and capacitance for the 20μm structures show a better performance compared to the 10μm structures. This is mainly due to increased liner thickness in the reduced aspect ratio case. Lower interface traps and oxide charge densities have been observed in the C-V measurements results for the 10μm structures.
High Performance EMI Shielding Materials and Spraying Process Parameters for High Frequency FCBGA Application
Authors: Joo Kisu , Lee Kyu Jae , Hwang Jung Woo , Yoon Jin-Ho , Kim Yoon-Hyun , Jeong Se Young
Published: December 2018

We studied and demonstrated high-performance Ag epoxy composites. A variety of shaped Ag particles were teste to optimize the electrical properties and mechanical reliability. The resulting Ag epoxy composites containing flake-shaped Ag particles showed less than 5×10−7Ω·m electrical conductivity and about 20mΩ series-resistance of PKG daisy chain, which directly corresponded to the excellent shield effectiveness. The shield effectiveness of resulting EMI shielding layer made of Ag and matrix is as high as 60dB, 65dB, 70dB at 5um, 10um, 20um-thick film, respectively by ASTM standard. We studied that how various factors, such as curing temperature, Ag contents, and film thickness, effects the electrical properties of shielding material and FCBGA package. It was found that the resistivity of conductive shielding material and the series-resistance were affected by the curing temperature than the curing time. Additionally, we demonstrated the electrical properties of AgCu epoxy composites.
Low grade transitional cell carcinoma of the urethra successfully treated with only intraurethral instillation of Mitomycin-C
Authors: Mashi Sharfuddeen A. , Aji Sani A. , Abdullahi Muzzammil , Yunusa Bashir , Alhassan Sani U.
Published: December 2018

Urethral cancer is very rare disease, accounting for less than 0.5% of incidences of malignancies. Data on its management are scarce due to the rare nature of the cases. We present a 34-year-old man, who presented to our hospital with a month history of hematuria. He had no lower urinary tract symptoms and no significant risk factors for urothelial cancer. He was evaluated and found to have lesions in the posterior urethra on urethrocytoscopy, biopsy of which revealed a low-grade urothelial cancer. He was counselled and had 6 courses of intraurethral instillation of 40mg of Mitomycin-C diluited in 50mL of saline held in the urethra with penile clamp for 30 minutes. The hematuria stopped after the second course, a repeat urethrocystoscopy 6 months after the completion of the chemotherapy, showed resolution of the lesion and repeat biopsy showed no evidence of malignancy. However, the patient developed short segment partial penile urethral stricture that was treated with dilatation. In conclusion, low-grade urothelial cancer of the urethra can be successfully cured with Intraurethral instillation of Mitomycin-C, without prior transurethral resection.
A comparative study on selected iron status assessment assays among secondary school students in Bauchi State, Nigeria
Authors: Dachi Rufai A. , Awwalu Sani , Waziri Aliyu D. , Pindiga Kasim M. , Abjah Usman M. , Hassan Abdulaziz
Published: December 2018

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common form of anemia worldwide, with highest burden in developing countries. The assays used in detecting iron deficiency comprise of red blood cell indices such as Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin and Mean Corpuscular Volume, serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (STfR) and STfRL-index. Each of these assessment tools has its drawback(s). This study was conducted to assess IDA diagnostic inter-rater agreements between red cell indices, serum ferritin, STfR and STfLF-Index. A cross sectional descriptive study using systematic random sampling of eligible secondary school students in Misau LGA, Bauchi State, Nigeria. Complete Blood Count with cellular indices, serum ferritin and STfR assays were conducted. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Proportions were compared using Z-tests of proportions. Cohen’s Un-weighted kappa analyses were used to assess pairwise agreements in the ability of STfLF-Index, serum ferritin, STfR and red cell indices to classify participants into IDA and non-IDA. Level of significance was set at P≤0.05. A total of 210 participants were enrolled in the study with females constituting 153 (72.9%). STfLF-Index, STfR, serum ferritin levels and red cell indices revealed that 130/210 (61.9%), 160/210(76.2%), 7/210 (3.3%) and 112/210 (53.3%) respectively had iron deficiency. STfR revealed a significantly higher percentage of students with iron deficiency compared to serum ferritin, STfLF-Index and red cell indices. Assessment of iron deficiency showed concurrence between STfR and STfLF-Index. STfR and STfLF-Index have similar ability in classifying iron status.
Effect of training and supportive supervision on knowledge and practice of integrated diseases surveillance and response among primary health care workers in Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Usman Usman Sunusi , Kurfi Abubakar Muhammad , Misau Yusuf Abdu , Bello Umar Lawal , Maigoro Aliyu Muhammad , Abdullahi Adam Ibrahim
Published: December 2018

Communicable diseases continue to be major causes of, morbidity, mortality and rising health-care costs especially in developing countries. Integrated Diseases Surveillance and Response (IDSR) strategy was endorsed by Nigeria in 1998, as a means of strengthening communicable disease surveillance and response in order to make it more sensitive at all levels of government. A quasi-experimental study design was used to assess the effect of training and supportive supervision on knowledge and practice of IDSR among Primary Health Care (PHC) workers. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, and analyzed with the aid of Epi info version 3.5.3. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. The mean knowledge score of IDSR at baseline was 28.9±9.7 in the study and 27.4±10.5 in the control group. However, after the intervention, it improved to 51.3±11.8 in the study and slightly changed to 27.1±10.6 in the control group (P<0.05). While, with regards to practice of IDSR, the mean practice scores improved in the study group from 6.43±1.25 to 16.37±3.86 after intervention (P<0.05). In the control group, however, the mean practice score changed from 6.89±1.36 to 8.45±2.75 (P<0.05) at the end of the study. The proportion of some IDSR core activity and supportive function changed from 0% and 16.6% to the standard benchmark of 80%. Training and retraining of health workers on IDSR were recommended as well as periodic supportive supervisory approach in order to enhance health workers capacity.
The prevalence of overweight and obesity and associated factors among Adults in Goni Gora Kaduna State, Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Igboanusi Chinedu J.C. , Joshua Istifanus Anekoson , Henry Julius , Nmadu Awawu Grace , Onoja-Alexander Mary Ojoneme
Published: December 2018

Obesity is an epidemic disease in many developed countries and an emerging public health problem in developing countries, particularly in urban settings.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the associated factors among adult residentsin Goni Gora community in Kaduna State. The study was conducted in Goni Gora a semi-urban setting in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Northwestern Nigeria in January 2017. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 192 adult residents in the community. Data was collected using structured, pretested and interviewer-administered questionnaire using mobile data collection method (Epiinfo™ version 7.2). Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21. The level of significance was set at a P value of ≤0.05. The majority of the respondents (32.3%) were within the age group of 20-29 years. The mean age of respondents was 34.6±13.1 years and males (52.1%) comprised the majority of the respondents. All the respondents were Christians with 55.2% of them being married. The prevalences of overweight and obesity were 6.7% and 1.1% respectively. Age (P=0.001), sex (P=0.001), marital status (P=0.002), average monthly income (P=0.004) and duration of physical activities per day (P=0.001) were found to be associated with overweight and obesity. There was, however, no association found between obesity and educational status (P=0.195). Overweight and obesity were found to be prevalent among the respondents in the study. Factors such as age, gender, marital status, average monthly income and duration of physical activities per day were found to be associated with overweight and obesity. There is a need to mount intervention programs that are targeted at prevention and control of overweight and obesity in the community.
Learning from experience: whys and wherefores of the polio non-compliance during immunization-plus-days in some high-risk wards in Bauchi Local Government Area, Nigeria
Authors: Danladi Nahuta Saba’atu Elizabeth , Yakubu Ahmed , Bawa Samuel Bitrus , Dahiru Habu , Gunda Hassan , Gamawa Bako Garba
Published: December 2018

Poliomyelitis is a highly infectious viral disease that causes lower limb paralysis in young children. The incidence rate of the diseases has persisted in some part of northern Nigeria despite the national and global effort to eradicate it. The study aims to describe the factors associated with polio vaccination non-compliance by some parents/guardians of targeted children in five high-risk wards of the study area. The study adopts a cross sectional qualitative study, conducted from 2014-2015, to gain insights into the factors associated with non-compliance to polio vaccination in high-risk wards in Bauchi LGA, Nigeria. 450 non-compliant houses were randomly selected for the study. The in-depth interviews consisted of 36 fathers and 18 mothers, while the key note interviews involved 18 Muslim clerics and 18 prominent traditional rulers, using semi-structured questionnaire. The results of the study revealed frequency or too many rounds of vaccine administrations; misconception/myth about the vaccine, migration, and child absence during immunization as reasons for non-compliance. Other factors include negative perception regarding the health and immunity status of the children, religious beliefs, while some of the respondent refused for no clear reason. It is therefore, essential to adopt programs that would enhance vaccine compliance; by for example, developing effective polio vaccines that can be administered at fewer visits to communities. Also, efficient health education needs to be conducted to enlighten the at-risk population, including special strategies targeting internally displaced and migrant populations.
Laparoscopy for evaluation of infertility patients in a tertiary center in north-eastern Nigeria
Authors: Aminu Muhammad B. , Datttijo Lamaran M. , Kadas Saidu A. , Shehu Abubakar M. , Chama Calvin M.
Published: December 2018

Laparoscopy uses fiber optic endoscope passed through the abdominal wall to visualize the peritoneal cavity for both diagnosis and therapy; it is also referred to as Minimal Access Surgery. It is an important tool in the evaluation of infertility. The objective of this study is to determine the value of laparoscopy for evaluation and treatment of infertility patients in Bauchi. North east, Nigeria. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of women who had evaluation using laparoscopy. The case files and theatre records of all the women who had laparoscopy over a 5-year period between the 21st February, 2012 and 20th January, 2017 were retrieved and analyzed. Data on age, parity, type of infertility, intra operative findings and type of procedures done were extracted using a proforma. Analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 21, IBM). One hundred and thirty-seven women had laparoscopy and or hysteroscopy during the review period, retrieval rate was 98%. Mean age was 29 years ±SD. Median number of pregnancies was 2. Most of the women had laparoscopy for secondary infertility indicated by tubal or an ovarian factor. Thirty-two (32) women (23.4%) had normal study. Sixteen (16) interventional procedures (12%) were done during the study period ranging from ovarian cystectomy, adhesiolysis, salpingectomy and sterilization. There were nine (9) congenital abnormalities detected during the period. Fifteen (15) women had both hysteroscopy and laparoscopy. Three women (2.8%) had uterine perforation with only one converted to laparotomy giving an overall success of 97%. Laparoscopy has changed the perception of many gynecologists in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility from mere imaginative to definitive thoughts.
Case formulations in mentalization-based group therapy
Authors: Karterud Sigmund
Published: December 2018

Ideally, the assessment phase of patients who are referred to mentalization-based treatment (MBT) should conclude with a mentalization- based case formulation. The structure and content of such case formulations are described. Their aim are: i) to enhance treatment alliance and ii) to provide some structure to the treatment process through suggesting privileged themes related to emotions, relational patterns and mentalizing. MBT is a conjoint kind of psychotherapy, integrating individual and group therapies. Case formulations has belonged to the tradition of individual psychotherapy, while being mostly ignored by group therapists. The question is: are case formulations also relevant for group psychotherapy? How can they be properly introduced while not disturbing the group processes? The theme is discussed through a clinical vignette that illuminates typical therapeutic challenges in dynamic group psychotherapy with borderline patients. The author concludes with some suggestions for clinical structure, process and research.
Crescimento e qualidade energética da madeira de Tachigali vulgaris sob diferentes espaçamentos
Authors: Tonini Helio , Schwengber Dalton Roberto , Morales Marina Moura , De Oliveira Jane Maria Franco
Published: December 2018

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes espaçamentos de plantio sobre o crescimento, a produção, a alocação da biomassa e a qualidade energética da madeira do tachi-branco. O experimento foi instalado em área de transição floresta/savana no estado de Roraima em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições e cinco tratamentos, que consistiram dos espaçamentos 2 m x 2 m; 2,5 m x 2,5 m; 3 m x 2,0 m; 3 m x 2,5 m; e 3 m x 3 m. Aos 70 meses foram avaliados o desempenho e a qualidade energética da madeira. O espaçamento de plantio influenciou o crescimento diamétrico, a produção volumétrica e a biomassa individual produzida no tronco, e não teve efeito sobre as propriedades energéticas da madeira. O maior espaçamento (3 m x 3 m) mostrou-se vantajoso devido à maior biomassa acumulada no tronco e ao menor número de árvores plantadas. Porém, no sitio estudado, a baixa produtividade restringe o plantio da espécie em monocultivos com finalidade energética.
Vermicomposto na composição do substrato para produção de mudas de Schinus terebinthifolius
Authors: De Franceschi Émerson , Saldanha Cleber Witt , Missio Evandro Luiz , Steffen Gerusa Pauli Kist , Maldaner Joseila , Morais Rosana Matos de , Roubuste Roberta Rodrigues , Fermino Maria Helena
Published: December 2018

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o efeito da adição de vermicomposto ao substrato na produção de mudas de Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi. Para isso, foram testados cinco tratamentos compostos pela adição de vermicomposto ao substrato Carolina Soil® (T1: 100% de Carolina Soil® (CS); T2: 75% de Carolina Soil® e 25% de vermicomposto (VC); T3: 50% de CS e 50% de VC; T4: 25% de CS e 75% de VC e T5: 100% de VC). Foram avaliadas as seguintes características morfofisiológicas das mudas: diâmetro do coleto (d), altura da parte aérea (h), teor de pigmentos fotossintéticos, massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca de raízes (MSR), massa seca total (MStotal), índice de qualidade de Dickson, relação h/d e MSPA/MSR. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, análise de regressão e correlação de Pearson. A correlação e a curva de resposta para o crescimento das mudas, em razão das diferentes proporções de vermicomposto e substrato comercial, mostraram que as adições de 50 ou 75% de vermicomposto foram as que mais favoreceram o crescimento das mudas de S. terebinthifolius.
Ojciec Leon Dehon – człowiek z otwartym sercem i umysłem
Authors: Gruca Stanisław
Published: December 2018

Sięganie do źródeł i korzeni duchowości własnego instytutu zakonnego to zadanie i misja każdego zgromadzenia. Ten sposób działania jest jedną z dróg aktualizowania charyzmatu założyciela we współczesnym świecie. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie osoby o. Leona Jana Dehona, założyciela zgromadzenia Księży Najświętszego Serca Jezusowego, jako człowieka, który miał otwarte serce i umysł wobec Boga i wyzwań, z jakimi borykał się Kościół i świat we Francji na przełomie XIX i XX wieku. Szybki rozwój przemysłowy oraz nowe ruchy społeczno-polityczne doprowadziły do zmiany ustroju społecznego w Europie. Wyłoniona w wyniku transformacji ustrojowej najliczniejsza klasa robotnicza znalazła się w trudnej sytuacji bytowej. Jednym z pionierów, który zajął się tzw. kwestią społeczną był o. Leon Jan Dehon. Od początku swojej działalności duszpasterskiej oddał się w pełni pracy na rzecz najuboższych, formacji elit, podnoszeniu świadomości kleru w kwestiach społecznych oraz pójściu z Ewangelią do ludu. Jego działanie oparte na Tradycji Kościoła oraz nowe metody duszpasterskie przyniosły mu szybko uznanie oraz tytuł „pioniera dzieł społecznych”.

To reach the roots of one’s monastic order’s spirituality is believed to be a task and a mission of each congregation. One considers such an activity as one of the ways of keeping the founder’s mission up-to-date in the modern world. This article aims at showing Fr. Leon Jan Dehon, the founder of the Congregation of the Priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, as a broadminded man with an open heart to both God and challenges faced by the Church and France on the turn of the 19th century. Rapid industrial development and new social and political movements led to the change of social system in Europe. Not only was the newly created working class most numerous but also in hopeless plight. One of those who devoted themselves to the ministry of social justice was Fr. Leon Jan Dehon. Since the very beginning he had become fully involved in social work among the poor, work with the elite, rising awareness of the clergy in the social matters as well as acquainting the working classes with the Gospel. His activity based on the Tradition of the Church together with the new priestly methods soon brought him esteem and being called „the progenitor of social works”.
Recepcja charyzmatu sercańskiego w duszpasterstwie młodzieży
Authors: Płatek Damian
Published: December 2018

Od pierwszych wieków chrześcijaństwa Kościół dostrzegał kwestię istnienia i odkrywania charyzmatów. Są one wzbudzane we wspólnocie Kościoła przez Ducha Świętego. Charyzmaty muszą być uznane, aby móc służyć wspólnocie wierzących. Jednym z rodzajów charyzmatów są charyzmaty zgromadzeń zakonnych. Wśród nich znajduje się charyzmat zgromadzenia Księży Najświętszego Serca Jezusowego założonego przez o. Leona Dehona. Główny problem tego artykułu sprowadza się do pytania o przyjęcie tego charyzmatu w duszpasterstwie młodzieży. Aby rozwinąć to zagadnienie, autor w ramach teologii pastoralnej zastosował następujący schemat: przypomniał definicję charyzmatu i wynikające z tego warunki tożsamości i duszpasterstwa, krótko opisał podstawowe formy duszpasterstwa młodzieży w Polskiej Prowincji zgromadzenia Księży Sercanów, następnie opisał kwestię recepcji kościelnej oraz wysunął końcowe wnioski w postaci imperatywów duszpasterskich. Pierwszy imperatyw wymaga odwagi, by dzielić charyzmat zgromadzenia z nieustannym odkrywaniem tożsamości instytutu zakonnego. Drugi imperatyw dotyczy działalności i formacji w duchu katolickiej nauki społecznej.

From the first centuries of Christianity, the Church saw the issue of the existence and discovery of charisms. They were and are raised in the community of the Church by the Holy Spirit. They must be recognized to serve the community of believers. Charisms of religious congregations are one of the charism types. Among them is the charism of the Congregation of the Priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, founded by Father Leon Dehon. The main problem of the work boils down to the question of the reception of this charism in youth ministry. In order to develop such a problem, the author, in the framework of pastoral theology, used the following scheme. He recalled the definition of the charism and the resulting terms of identity and pastoral care. He briefly described the basic forms of pastoral ministry of the youth in the Polish Province of the Congregation of the Priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Then he described the issue of the ecclesiastic reception and gave pastoral imperatives as final conclusions. The first imperative calls for courage in sharing the charism of the Congregation with the constant discovery of the identity of a religious institute. The other one for activity and formation in the spirit of Catholic Social Teaching.
Strategie komunikacji marki a przekazywanie charyzmatu rodziny zakonnej
Authors: Woźniak Jarosław P.
Published: December 2018

Artykuł podejmuje temat poszukiwania skutecznych sposobów dotyczących komunikacji Kościoła ze współczesnym człowiekiem. zwraca uwagę na potrzebę wprowadzania rozwiązań stosowanych na gruncie reklamy i marketingu. W sposób syntetyczny przedstawia podstawowe informacje na temat marki, komunikacji oraz podejmowanych strategii. Ostatnia część artykułu opisuje, w jaki sposób zgromadzenia zakonne mogą podejmować działania mające na celu przekazywanie swojego charyzmatu.

The article aims at finding successful methods of communication between the Catholic Church and modern man. It points out that methods used in advertising and marketing could and should be used for this purpose. It provides us with basic information concerning brands, communication and strategies. Finally, the article describes how religious congregations could successfully communicate their mission.
Niektóre aktualne wyzwania dla życia zakonnego
Authors: Poleszak Leszek
Published: December 2018

Odnowa życia w świetle charyzmatu jest stałym wyzwaniem, które stoi przed poszczególnymi instytutami życia konsekrowanego. Na ten problem zwraca uwagę aktualne nauczanie Magisterium Kościoła, które uwypukla aspekt wierności charyzmatycznej, właściwej formacji oraz troski o powołania. Odnowa miłości wobec Boga i ludzi jest gwarantem wierności po- wołaniu poszczególnych osób konsekrowanych. Ona także sprawia, że osoby konsekrowane stają się proroczym znakiem obecności Boga w świecie oraz wskazują na ostateczny cel człowieka, jakim jest zjednoczenie z Bogiem.

Renewal of life in the light of the charism has been a fixed challenge, which faces each institute of the consecrated life. This problem is highlighted in the current teaching of the Magisterium of the Church, which underlines aspects of the charismatic fidelity, appropriate formation and concern for religious vocations. Renewal of love of God and humans is the guarantor of fidelity of vocation for each consecrated person. It makes it happen that consecrated people become the prophetic sign of the presence of God in the world and directs us toward the ultimate goal of a human being that is the unity with God.
Nowa ewangelizacja w Ecclesia in Europa Jana Pawła II
Authors: Ptak Robert
Published: December 2018

Misja Kościoła w dzisiejszej Europie, podobnie jak w każdym czasie i we wszystkich miejscach, to głoszenie Ewangelii nadziei, która została mu przekazana przez Jezusa Chrystusa. Ten obowiązek określa jednocześnie tożsamość Kościoła i jego powołanie, by nauczał wszystkie narody, włączał ludzi w Mistyczne Ciało Chrystusa poprzez chrzest i uobecniał nieustannie Ofiarę, która jest pamiątką Jego śmierci i zmartwychwstania. Europa potrzebuje nowej ewangelizacji w związku z ogromnymi zmianami polityczno-społecznymi w ostatnich dekadach. Nowa ewangelizacja zakłada przepowiadania tajemnicy Chrystusa na podstawie świadectwa jedności Kościoła oraz szeroko pojęty dialog (ekumeniczny, międzyreligijny, kulturowy, społeczny). Służba Ewangelii nadziei powinna przejawiać się w posłudze miłosierdzia wobec najbardziej potrzebujących pod względem materialnym i duchowym. Kościół w Europie, służąc społeczeństwu, musi wiernie głosić prawdę o małżeństwie i rodzinie, broniąc cywilizacji życia i wskazując na najgłębsze wartości wypływające z Dekalogu.

The Mission of the Church in Europe today, as in all times and in all places, is the proclamation of the Gospel of hope, which has been given by Jesus Christ. This part specifies the identity of the Church and its vocation to teach all Nations, involve people in the Mystical Body of Christ trough baptism and make constantly present Eucharistic Sacrifice, which is a reminder of His Death and Resurrection. Europe needs a new evangelization in connection with huge political and social changes in recent decades. The new evangelization presupposes the preaching of the mystery of Christ based on the testimony of the unity of the Church and widely understood dialog (ecumenical, inter-religious, cultural, social). Serving the Gospel of hope should be manifested in the ministry of mercy to the most needy in terms of material and spiritual. The Church in Europe, serving the public, must faithfully proclaim the truth about marriage and the family, defending the civilization of life and pointing to the deepest values of the Decalogue.
A Historical Perspective on Inclusivism as the Prevailing Paradigm in the Christian Theology of Religions
Authors: Grzelak Krzysztof
Published: December 2018

Historyczne spojrzenie na inkluzywizm jako dominujący paradygmat w chrześcijańskiej teologii religii.

Artykuł wyjaśnia różne spojrzenia na religie świata. Jego głównym celem jest analiza inkluzywizmu religijnego jako najbardziej powszechnego podejścia do innych religii we współczesnej debacie teologicznej nad religiami. Artykuł zwraca szczególną uwagę na rozwój modelu chrystocentrycznego w Kościele katolickim, odnosząc się najpierw do wczesnych ojców Kościoła, a następnie do teologii Logosu. Analiza pokazuje, że teologia Logosu w historii była zawsze obecna w katolickim podejściu do wierzących inaczej obok ekskluzywistycznego aksjomatu extra ecclesiam nulla salus (poza Kościołem nie ma zbawienia). Później ta inkluzywistyczna teologia znalazła swoje zastosowanie w „teorii wypełnienia” Jeana Danielou, w idei „anonimowego chrześcijaństwa” Karla Rahnera, w stanowisku II Soboru Watykańskiego w sprawie innych tradycji religijnych oraz w posoborowym oficjalnym nauczaniu Kościoła. Artykuł kończy się oceną złożoności, wyzwań i nieuniknionych słabych punktów chrystocentrycznego podejścia do innych religii.

The article first explains various perspectives on the world religions. Its main focus is on the inclusivist perspective as the most common approach in the debate on religions. Here special attention is given to the development of the Christocentric model in the Catholic Church referring first to the early Church Fathers and afterwards to Logos theology. The analysis shows that the theology of the Logos was always present in Catholic attitudes towards other believers throughout history alongside the exclusivist axiom extra ecclesiam nulla salus (outside the Church no salvation). Later, this inclusivist theology was echoed in the „fulfilment theory” of Jean Danielou, „anonymous Christianity” of Karl Rahner, the Second vatican Council’s stand on other faiths, and in the post-conciliar official Church teaching. The article ends with evaluation of the complexity, challenges and unavoidable shortcomings of the Christocentric approach to other religions.
Zarys rozwoju teologii duchowości w odrodzonej Polsce. Sprawozdanie z sympozjum naukowego zorganizowanego przez Polskie Stowarzyszenie Teologów Duchowości nt. Życie duchowe w odrodzonej Polsce, Częstochowa, 2 grudnia 2017 roku
Authors: Poleszak Leszek
Published: December 2018

Artykuł jest relacją z sympozjum naukowego zorganizowanego przez Polskie Stowarzyszenie Teologów Duchowości nt. Życie duchowe w odrodzonej Polsce. Obchodzone w 2018 roku stulecie odzyskania niepodległości przez Polskę stanowi okazję do spojrzenia na ten okres historii Ojczyzny przez pryzmat teologii duchowości. Liczne postacie świętych i błogosławionych tego okresu, jak również bogactwo publikacji na temat teologii duchowości, ze szczególnym podkreśleniem tematów charakterystycznych dla duchowości polskiej, w pełni uzasadniają używanie nazwy: polska teologia duchowości.

The article is the report from the scientific symposium organised by the Association of the Polish Theologians of Spirituality of the theme: Spiritual life in reborn Poland. This year Poland will be celebrating the centenary of the regaining of its independence. It becomes a great occasion to look at that period of history from the perspective of the theology of spirituality. Numerous figures of saints and blessed from that period of history as well as richness of various publications in the topic of theology of spirituality, with special underlining of the subjects characteristic for the Polish spirituality fully justify the using of the name Polish theology of spirituality.
Iconicità della Chiesa nell’Eucaristia secondo Ioannis Zizioulas
Authors: Pastorczyk Adam
Published: December 2018

Ikoniczność Kościoła w Eucharystii według Ioannisa Zizioulasa

Naszą pracę poświęcamy pogłębieniu ikonicznego wymiaru Kościoła w Eucharystii, który jeszcze dzisiaj pozostaje zapomniany, a w konsekwencji – utracony. z powodu kontrowersji ikonoklastycznej ojcowie zgromadzeni na II Soborze w Nicei (787) skoncentrowali swoją uwagę na koncepcji ikony, świętym obrazie, i uznali jego doktrynalną zgodność. Dla nas właśnie takie rozwiązanie powyższej kwestii stanie się punktem wyjścia dla prezentacji Ioannisa zizioulasa. Nasz teolog, biorąc pod uwagę argumentację soborową, przedstawi rozumienie idei ikony w kluczu eucharystycznym. W konsekwencji wraz z nim będziemy mówić o liturgicznej manifestacji prawdy (eschaton). Żyć ikonicznie podczas Eucharystii oznacza żyć symbolicznie oraz ukazywać w ten sposób żywą obecność osoby, która jest prawdziwa i ontologiczna. zizioulas życzy nam, byśmy rozpoznali wymiar pneumatologiczny i eschatologiczny Kościoła, skarb, który jeszcze dla wielu pozostaje utracony, jednakże jest podstawowym elementem ku temu, aby na nowo, jak wskazuje teologia prawosławna, „znaleźć się na złotym placu Jeruzalem niebieskiego, ubranym w złote światło”.

Iconicity of the Church in the Eucharist according to Ioannis Zizioulas
We dedicate our work to deepen the Iconic aspect of the Church in the Eucharist which even today is forgotten and for this, always missing. Because of the Iconoclastic controversy, the fathers of the Nicene Council II (787) have put in relief the concept of the Icon as sacred image and have recognized its doctrinal legitimacy. For us, such resolution of problem will become the starting point for the presentation of the Ioannis zizioulas. Our theologian, keeping in mind the conciliar argumentations, will present the concept of the Icon through the Eucharistic. As a consequence, we, together with him, will speak of the liturgical manifestation of the Truth (eschaton). To live iconomically during the Eucharist means to live symbolically and to present in such a way the live presence of the person who is true and ontological. zizioulas wishes that we recognize the pneumetological and eschatological dimensions of the Church, the treasure, still missing for many and, all the way, the fundamental element that can, as the orthodox theology indicates us, again, „to find oneself in the square of the heavenly Jerusalem, dressed in golden light”.
Wypalenie zawodowe u nauczycieli. Przyczyny zainteresowania tematyką wypalenia
Authors: Łukasiewicz Jacek , Płatek Agata , Raczkowski Adam
Published: December 2018

Problem wypalenia zawodowego, stanowiący przedmiot licznych badań pedagogiki, psychologii i psychologii społecznej, dotyka znaczną część naszego społeczeństwa. Problematyka ta domaga się postawienia pytania o przyczyny tego stanu rzeczy, a zarazem o szukanie skutecznych, innowacyjnych sposobów zniwelowania jego patogennych dla życia indywidualnego i społecznego skutków. Przyczyn zjawiska wypalenia można upatrywać zarówno po stronie jednostki, jak i po stronie otoczenia. Najczęściej wymienia się tu: specyfikę własnych oczekiwań, doświadczenie kryzysu wartości, cechy osobowości, staż pracy, sytuację domową i ekonomiczną oraz inne. Istotne znaczenie dla niwelowania symptomów wypalenia ma poczucie optymizmu i poczucie humoru, poczucie własnej wartości i samoocena należące do cennych zasobów osobowych jednostki i strategii zaradczych w sytuacjach stresu zawodowego.

The problem of occupational burnout, which is the subject of numerous studies in pedagogy, psychology and social psychology, affects a large part of our society. This issue calls for a question about the reasons for this state of affairs and, at the same time, for seeking effective and innovative ways to overcome its pathogenic effects on individual and social life. The reasons for the burnout phenomenon can be seen both on the side of the unit and on the side of the environment. The most frequent reasons are: specificity of own expectations, experience of the crisis of values, personality traits, seniority, domestic and economic situation, and others. The sense of optimism and sense of humor, self-esteem and self-esteem belonging to the valuable personal resources of the individual and remedial strategies in situations of occupational stress are important to minimizing symptoms of burnout.
Piękno liturgii a miłość Chrystusa
Authors: Mieszczak Stanisław
Published: December 2018

Piękno jest jednym z ważnych komponentów liturgii. Nie ogranicza się jednak do kryteriów związanych z estetyką. Należy brać pod uwagę, że celebracja liturgiczna jest wydarzeniem, w którym dokonuje się zbawienie człowieka i jego uświęcenie. Dlatego znając ogólne kryteria piękna, należy je uzupełnić o sens celebracji liturgicznej, odnieść je do kryterium prawdy i nawet etyki. Nie można zapomnieć także, że u podstawy prawdziwego piękna liturgii jest ofiara Jezusa Chrystusa i nie może jej braknąć także u tych, którzy w niej uczestniczą i troszczą się o nią. Właściwym motywem troski o jakość liturgii jest ostatecznie miłość do Chrystusa.

Beauty of the liturgy and love for Christ
Beauty is one of important components of the liturgy. However, it is not limited to the criteria related to aesthetics. It should be taken into account that liturgical celebration is an experience in which salvation and sanctification of a man take place. Therefore, knowing the general criteria of beauty, they should be supplemented with a sense of liturgical celebration and referred to the criterion of truth and even ethics. It cannot be forgotten that at the base of the true beauty of the liturgy is the sacrifice of Jesus Christ which cannot be missed by those who participate in it and care for it. The proper motive for caring for the quality of the liturgy is ultimately love for Christ.
Abraham – Apostoł z Księgi Rodzaju
Authors: Napora Krzysztof
Published: December 2018

„Idźcie i głoście” – to wezwanie, jakie usłyszeli od Jezusa Apostołowie (zob. Mt 10,7; Mk 16,15). Wezwanie to kryje w sobie nie tylko element posłania, misji, ale również tajemnicę niezwykłego powołania do pójścia za Jezusem oraz tworzenia głębokiej z Nim relacji. W niniejszym artykule autor podejmuje próbę odczytania podobnych elementów w biblijnej i pozabiblijnej tradycji dotyczącej Abrahama. Okazuje się, że tradycja ta w wielu miejscach wykazuje cechy podobieństwa do ewangelicznych opowiadań o życiu i działalności grona Dwunastu. Daje w ten sposób podstawę, by dostrzec w Abrahamie postać Apostoła – Apostoła z Księgi Rodzaju.

Abraham – the Apostle of the Book of Genesis
„And preach as you go” – this is the call which the apostles heard from Jesus (see Mt 10:7; Mc 16:15). This call comprises not only the elements of mission, but also a mystery of an unusual vocation to follow Jesus and to build a profound relation with Him. In this article the author makes attempt to find similar elements in biblical and extrabiblical tradition concerning Abraham. It turns out that this tradition shows certain similarities to the Gospel narratives concerning life and activity of twelve disciples of Jesus. In this way it constitutes basis to discover in the person of Abraham an apostle – the Apostle of the Book of Genesis.
Preservación y gestión de asentamientos en el desierto: Consideraciones generales y técnicas
Authors: Achenza Maddalena
Published: December 2018

Todos los oasis saharianos sufren un grave abandono debido a cuestiones económicas, sociales y políticas. Este abandono es también la causa principal de su degradación, lo que, a su vez, afecta tanto a los recursos económicos primarios como al palmeral y al entorno construido. Este último también lucha contra un sentimiento común de rechazo, como resultado de la creencia de que la vivienda tradicional es incómoda, sucia, no duradera e insalubre. Existe un proyecto de restauración dirigido por la Universidad de Cagliari en Figuig (Marruecos) encaminado a reflexionar sobre una nueva actitud en las intervenciones de conservación, que muestra que las acciones dirigidas a la reutilización de edificios, tradiciones constructivas y materiales tradicionales pueden llevar a una victoria para todas las partes, donde la memoria unida al hábitat, la identidad local y la microeconomía local adquieran un significado renovado y sustancial.
Comparación entre Rectificador Monofásico con Conmutación Simétrica y Convertidor AC/AC para la Mejora del Factor de Potencia en Microcentrales Hidroeléctricas
Authors: Bory Prevez Henry , Martínez García Herminio , Vázquez Seisdedos Luís
Published: December 2018

En un trabajo anterior se compararon los convertidores de corriente alterna/corriente alterna (AC-AC), típicamente utilizados para la regulación de frecuencia en microcentrales hidroeléctricas variando la potencia disipada en cargas lastres, con un rectificador trifásico a diodos tipo puente con un interruptor, en serie con la carga, conmutado con ángulo simétrico. En el mismo, se demostró que, con dicho rectificador, se logra mejorar el factor de potencia a la salida del generador eléctrico, excepto para potencias consumidas por los usuarios cercanas a su valor mínimo. Una vía para solucionar este problema consiste en emplear una terna de rectificadores monofásicos a diodos tipo puente con un interruptor, en serie con la carga, conmutado con ángulo simétrico. Así, el objetivo del presente artículo es comparar al rectificador monofásico mencionado y el convertidor de AC-AC, esquema empleado actualmente, respecto a parámetros de interés como es el factor de potencia a la salida del generador eléctrico de las microcentrales hidroeléctricas que regulan frecuencia por el método de carga lastre.
Em diversas frentes: as filhas da caridade e suas experiências educacionais nas províncias de Minas Gerais e do Rio De Janeiro (1850-1900)
Authors: Pasche Aline de Morais Limeira , Arruda Maria Aparecida
Published: December 2018

Ao entender a importância de refletir acerca das articulações entre poder público e Igreja Católica ao longo do desenvolvimento do processo de escolarização no Brasil, o estudo investigou experiências educativas de iniciativas religiosas de uma Ordem específica em atuação desde a segunda metade do século XIX. Neste caso, propusemos a análise acerca do papel das Filhas da Caridade (Ordem de São Vicente de Paulo) no campo da Educação, a partir de algumas orientações mundiais da Ordem, cuja atuação se realizava em diversos países. Os Estatutos da Ordem de São Vicente de Paulo pretendiam regulamentar suas práticas, elaborando um complexo sistema de regras, princípios, finalidades e normatizações.  Assim, procuramos esquadrinhar a proposta de atendimento das religiosas, e as representações erigidas em torno da ação educativa, com base nos pressupostos especificados naquele documento e nas demais fontes analisadas (anúncios publicitários, relatórios oficiais da administração do ensino, impressos). De modo específico, tencionamos inquirir acerca de suas ações nas províncias de Minas Gerais e Rio de Janeiro. Tomamos para efeito da análise, dois exemplos de instituições educativas criadas pelas vicentinas, pertencentes à malha privada do ensino: em Minas Gerais, um Externato (com aulas avulsas) na cidade de São João del Rei; na província do Rio de Janeiro, o Colégio Imaculada Conceição na Corte Imperial, fundado em 1855 (em funcionamento até hoje). Como resultado, apreendemos que, apesar de distantes geograficamente, as instituições analisadas apresentam maior número de características que as aproximam num esforço pelo investimento comum da educação. Palavras-chave: instituições escolares, ensino religioso, expansão das ordens religiosas.
Analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of on-road NO2 concentrations in Hong Kong
Authors: Zhu Ying , Chan Ka Lok , Lam Yun Fat , Horbanski Martin , Pöhler Denis , Boll Johannes , Lipkowitsch Ivo , Ye Sheng , Wenig Mark
Published: December 2018

Abstract. In this paper we present an investigation of the spatial and temporal
variability of street-level concentrations of NO2 in Hong Kong as
an example of a densely populated megacity with heavy traffic. For the study
we use a combination of open-path remote sensing and in situ measurement
techniques that allows us to separate temporal changes and spatial patterns
and analyse them separately. Two measurement campaigns have been conducted,
one in December 2010 and one in March 2017. Each campaign lasted for a week
which allowed us to examine diurnal cycles, weekly patterns as well as
spatially resolved long-term changes. We combined a long-path differential
optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) instrument with a cavity-enhanced DOAS
and applied several normalizations to the data sets in order to make the
different measurement routes comparable. For the analysis of long-term
changes we used the entire unfiltered data set and for the comparison of
spatial patterns we filtered out the accumulation of NO2 when
stopping at traffic lights for focusing on the changes of NO2
spatial distribution instead of comparing traffic flow patterns. For the
generation of composite maps the diurnal cycle has been normalized by scaling
the mobile data with coinciding citywide path-averaged measurement results. An overall descending trend from 2010 to 2017 could be observed, consistent
with the observations of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and the
Environment Protection Department (EPD) air quality monitoring network data.
However, long-term difference maps show pronounced spatial structures with
some areas, e.g. around subway stations, revealing an increasing trend. We
could also show that the weekend effect, which for the most part of Hong
Kong shows reduced NO2 concentrations on Sundays and to a lesser degree on
Saturdays, is reversed around shopping malls. Our study shows that
spatial differences have to be considered when discussing citywide trends
and can be used to put local point measurements into perspective. The
resulting data set provides a better insight into on-road NO2
characteristics in Hong Kong, which helps to identify heavily polluted areas
and represents a useful database for urban planning and the design of
pollution control measures.