bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IoT Solution for Smart Cities’ Pollution Monitoring and the Security Challenges
Authors: Toma Cristian , Alexandru Andrei , Popa Marius , Zamfiroiu Alin
Published: August 2019

Air pollution is a major factor in global heating and an increasing focus is centered on solving this problem. Urban communities take advantage of Information Technology (IT) and communications technologies in order to improve the control of environmental emissions and sound pollution. The aim is to mitigate health threatening risks and to raise awareness in relation to the effects of air pollution exposure. This paper investigates the key issues of a real-time pollution monitoring system, including the sensors, Internet of Things (IoT) communication protocols, and acquisition and transmission of data through communication channels, as well as data security and consistency. Security is a major focus in the proposed IoT solution. All other components of the system revolve around security. The bill of the materials and communications protocols necessary for the designing, development, and deployment of the IoT solution are part of this paper, as well as the security challenges. The paper’s proof of concept (PoC) addresses IoT security challenges within the communication channels between IoT gateways and the cloud infrastructure where data are transmitted to. The security implementations adhere to existing guidelines, best practices, and standards, ensuring a reliable and robust solution. In addition, the solution is able to interpret and analyze the collected data by using predictive analytics to create pollution maps. Those maps are used to implement real-time countermeasures, such as traffic diversion in a major city, to reduce concentrations of air pollutants by using existing data collected over a year. Once integrated with traffic management systems—cameras monitoring and traffic lights—this solution would reduce vehicle pollution by dynamically offering alternate routes or even enforcing re-routing when pollution thresholds are reached.
Navigation Systems for the Blind and Visually Impaired: Past Work, Challenges, and Open Problems
Authors: Real Santiago , Araujo Alvaro
Published: August 2019

Over the last decades, the development of navigation devices capable of guiding the blind through indoor and/or outdoor scenarios has remained a challenge. In this context, this paper’s objective is to provide an updated, holistic view of this research, in order to enable developers to exploit the different aspects of its multidisciplinary nature. To that end, previous solutions will be briefly described and analyzed from a historical perspective, from the first “Electronic Travel Aids” and early research on sensory substitution or indoor/outdoor positioning, to recent systems based on artificial vision. Thereafter, user-centered design fundamentals are addressed, including the main points of criticism of previous approaches. Finally, several technological achievements are highlighted as they could underpin future feasible designs. In line with this, smartphones and wearables with built-in cameras will then be indicated as potentially feasible options with which to support state-of-art computer vision solutions, thus allowing for both the positioning and monitoring of the user’s surrounding area. These functionalities could then be further boosted by means of remote resources, leading to cloud computing schemas or even remote sensing via urban infrastructure.
The Perceived Beauty of Regular Polygon Tessellations
Authors: Friedenberg Jay
Published: August 2019

Beauty judgments for regular polygon tessellations were examined in two experiments. In experiment 1 we tested the three regular and eight semi-regular tilings characterized by a single vertex. In experiment 2 we tested the 20 demi-regular tilings containing two vertices. Observers viewed the tessellations at different random orientations inside a circular aperture and rated them using a numeric 1–7 scale. The data from the first experiment show a peak in preference for tiles with two types of polygons and for five polygons around a vertex. Triangles were liked more than other geometric shapes. The results from the second experiment demonstrate a preference for tessellations with a greater number of different kinds of polygons in the overall pattern and for tiles with the greatest difference in the number of polygons between the two vertices. Ratings were higher for tiles with circular arrangements of elements and lower for those with linear arrangements. Symmetry group p6m was liked the most and groups cmm and pmm were liked the least. Taken as a whole the results suggest a preference for complexity and variety in terms of both vertex qualities and symmetric transformations. Observers were sensitive to both the underlying mathematical properties of the patterns as well as their emergent organization.
Research on Nonlinear Control Method of Underactuated Gantry Crane Based on Machine Vision Positioning
Authors: Shi Huaitao , Li Gang , Bai Xiaotian , Huang Jianqi
Published: August 2019

The movement of the gantry crane is controlled by an symmetry underactuated system, and has poor robustness in precise positioning. A new active control method based on the machine vision positioning is proposed in this paper, and the trajectories are planned after the detection of starting and ending points. A new type of energy storage function is given in this paper, and a coupling control law is derived to minimize the load swing in the process of precise positioning. The equilibrium point of the closed-loop system is checked though Lyapunov and LaSalle’s theorems, and the calculation results are verified through experimental investigations. The results show that the equilibrium points are asymptotically stable, and the proposed control method is of better robustness. The findings provide a new kind of control method with higher efficiency, and can help with the precise control of gantry cranes.
Dinámica de la fertilización Nitrogenada en el cultivo de brócoli (Brassica Oleracea Var. Híbrido avenger)
Authors: Cartagena Yamil , Galvis Arturo , Volke Víctor , Hernández Teresa , Rodríguez Agustín , Bugarín Rubén
Published: August 2019

El presente estudio tuvo como finalidad generar a partir de la acumulación de la biomasa vegetativa y comercial una dosis de fertilización nitrogenada utilizando el método racional o balance de nutrientes. Entre las metodologías disponibles para el citado propósito es la del “Método racional o Balance de nutrientes”,permitiendo estimar la dosis de fertilización requerida por los cultivos considerando la dinámica nutrimental en el sistema suelo, planta y clima. Se realizó en el Campo Experimental Tlapeaxco, Departamento de Irrigación, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. Los resultados obtenidos de las variables evaluadas en cadamuestreo se sometieron a un análisis de varianza para evaluar el efecto de las láminas de riego y nitrógeno aplicado, se realizaron pruebas de significancia DMS para láminas de riego y Tukey para el nitrógeno aplicado y sus interacciones a un ? = 0.05 para establecer diferencias entre medias.
La Investigación: Acción participante como marco epistemológico y metodología orientadora en los procesos de integración socioeducativa de la Universidad Bolivariana de Venezuela
Authors: Loreto Juan Carlos
Published: August 2019

La Universidad Bolivariana de Venezuela (UBV) se define desde su inicio como un proyecto pedagógico en correspondencia a la Constitución de la RepúblicaBolivariana de Venezuela y el proceso de cambio conocido como Revolución Bolivariana, posicionándose así dentro de una perspectiva pedagógica emergente: la pedagogía critica. Esta asunción exige que sus procesos socio educativo sustantivos se gesten distantes a los modos académicos tradicionalistas, por lo que implica un conjunto de retos epistemológicos y metodológicos que trascienda y potencien el espacio y la relación universidad – docentes – estudiantes. Una de las interrogantes recurrentes es ¿qué marco epistemológico y metodológico es afín al Proyecto UBV? Con propósito de obtener respuesta propositiva se recurrió a la reflexión y sistematización de la experiencia docente en los procesos de interacción social emprendida en varias comunidades, permitiendo desconstruir y reconstruir saberes, conocimiento y prácticas.
El rol del trabajador social bajo la figura de delegado de prueba en el Centro de Residencia Supervisada “Dr. José Agustín Méndez Urosa” Estado Vargas
Authors: Ávila Kevin
Published: August 2019

Este trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar del proceso de formación del Licenciado en Trabajo Social en el desempeño del rol como delegado de prueba, lo cual constituye la principal herramienta para asegurar y garantizar el desempeño del rol Metodológicamente es una investigación de campo, se aplicó una encuesta a una muestra de veinticinco, además se constituye en una investigación de tipo cuantitativo. El análisis de resultados permitió constatar que la muestra seleccionada reconoce la importancia del proceso de formación del trabajador social. En el ámbito penitenciario, para el desarrollo de cualquier de las actividades planificadas es necesario que los responsables, en este caso el Trabajador Social en el desempeño de su rol de delegado de prueba es necesario contar con instrumento y condiciones favorables, pues es una población muy sensible dado que, de ello depende o la aplicación de la medida no privativa o continuar cumpliendo una pena privativa de libertad. El Delegado de Prueba figura ésta que presenta estrecha vinculación en todo el proceso de la medida de pre libertad, presta asistencia social individual continúa a cada privado de libertad con el fin de evaluar su comportamiento y poder orientarlo en forma progresiva, al logro de su incorporación social.
Educar para la paz en el ámbito de la escuela: Lineamientos para una pedagogía humanista
Authors: Figueroa José Humberto
Published: August 2019

El presente artículo se plantea el análisis de la situación actual de la escuela en relación al enfoque pedagógico asumido que no ha contribuido a dar vida a una pedagogía humanista que coadyuve a educar para la paz, se parte de un diagnostico apoyado en la revisión documental, planteando a nivel de propuesta: lineamientos de una nueva educación humanista, cuyo norte sea contribuir con la Paz. En el nivel metodológico se inicia con una revisión documental y se analiza el marco normativo en Venezuela, obteniendo así un diagnostico que lleve a la propuesta de un proyecto factible lineamientos para una pedagogía humanista.
ASPECTS OF NARRATIVE IN THE PROSE OF WRITER PETRO MARKO
Authors: Voulis Antela
Published: August 2019

Petro Marko is considered by critics as one of the founders of modern Albanian prose. Scientific assessments of Petro Markos's creativity are mainly based on long and short prose, in the form of genuine critical studies, short predictions, comments and analyzes. There are papers of this nature written by scholars such as: Floresha Dado, Adriatik Kallulli, Bashkim Kuçuku, Ali Aliu, Robert Elsie and many others. The subject matter of these articles varies from simple information to moments of writer's life, to genuine studies and analysis regarding interpretation and explanation of different elements of the structure of his literary works. In this case, we would like to highlight an article written by the author Bashkim Kuçuku, namely the novel "A name on four streets". In this particular paper, Kucuku discusses the symbolism of the novel’s title, that even in its metaphorical form didn’t escape the punishment of dictatorship censure, closely connected with the tragic fate that followed Petro Marko. And by doing so the researcher gives us a detailed insight of the connection between his work and a broader background of Marco’s biography. In this context together with the detailed analysis of the novel’s title we will find the key point that paves the way for penetrating the original metaphor and symbolism of the story. According to Kuçuku, Petro Marko is a dignified, idealist, as well a stoic writer for justice and social equality. Is precisely this book, "A name in four ways", that definitely portrays the fore mentioned author as one of the leading writers of prose in Albania and this work one of the most distinguished among the others. It is the aim of this study to harmonize the internal narrative analysis to the prose style with poetic expression of all Petro Mario’s creative work.
A new finishing process of cotton fabric
Authors: AKCALI KADRİ , OKTAV BULUT MELİHA
Published: August 2019

Ecological and economic responsibilities have led to the search for alternative material applications in the textile sector
as well as in all sectors. Sol-gel technology is one of these applications with advantages such as realization under low
temperatures and enabling the desired product shape and format.
In this study, the samples of 100% cotton fabric have been processed by using pigment printing technique with natural
pumice, amorphous silica and colemanite materials and printing fixation process has been performed by using the sol
gel coating method.
The sol gel treatment has been carried out with basic catalyst according to the zeta potentials of the solid particulate
materials used. After the new created process, surface morphologies, EDS point analysis and F-TIR analysis of all fabric
samples have been performed. In addition, the properties such as strength, UV protection, air permeability, water
permeability, abrasion resistance, flammability of all fabrics have been investigated.
The results of surface analysis have proven that the chemical components of the natural materials are transferred to the
fabric samples. It has been proven by the test results that all cotton fabric samples are given high strength, UV
protection, flammability, high abrasion resistance and low air permeability. Interpretation of all the analysis and obtained
test results has been also made statistically.
According to the study results, ecofriendly process step has been created that allows low energy cost and low chemical
usage under low temperatures
Effect of cell size on tensile strength and elongation properties
of honeycomb weave
Authors: ZAHID BILAL , JAMSHAID HAFSA , ABDUL WAQAR RAJPUT , MOHAMAD FAIZUL YAHYA , SHAKEEL KHATRI
Published: August 2019

The fabric developed from honeycomb weave is a multilayer fabric having variable strength and elongation. Properties
of these structures depend on the cell size of the honeycomb weave. The aim of the research is to identify the effect of
cell size on the tensile strength in terms of breaking force and elongation of the honeycomb weave structures. In this
paper, three different cell sizes of honeycomb fabrics were created and analysed in both warp and weft direction for its
tensile properties. Analysis shows significant results in the warp direction and weft direction of honeycomb fabric.
Research regarding the cover factor of magnetron sputtering plasma coated fabrics
Authors: LILIOARA SURDU , EMILIA VISILEANU , ION-RAZVAN RADULESCU , IRINA SANDULACHE , CORNELIA MITRAN , BOGDANA MITU , CRISTIAN STANCU , ALINA ARDELEANU
Published: August 2019

Buildtech technical textiles domain requires new technologies for manufacturing flexible eco-friendly materials.
Magnetron sputtering allows nanometer scale coatings on fabrics with various functionalities and benefits. Novel fabric
functionalities consist in electromagnetic shielding and fireproofing. This paper aims to analyse the cover factor of raw
and plasma coated fabrics, meant for the above mentioned functionalities. Fabrics with fibrous composition of 100%
cotton and 100% polyester (PES) were coated with Cu films by magnetron sputtering in order to render surface electrical
conductivity and fireproof character. Fabric density and yarn diameter were determined for raw and plasma coated
fabrics in order to compute the cover factor, while atomic absorption tests were performed in order to determine the
content of deposited copper. The cover factor of plasma coated fabric slightly decreases as a function of the process
time for the four analysed samples within the study. This physical behaviour is underlined by optical microscope images
of raw and coated fabrics and can be explained through slight decrease of yarn diameter after plasma magnetron
coating. Moreover, obtained coated fabrics presented good performance regarding electromagnetic shielding, measured
with TEM cell and fire-proofing character, evidenced by melting point determination.
Relationship among body condition, subcutaneous fat and production performance of Jersey crossbred cows
Authors: Bhakat Champak
Published: August 2019

To determine relationship between BCS, ramp fatthickness, body measurements and milk yield, a total of 44Jersey crossbred cows were observed from calving to 120days post-partum. The ultrasonography images wererecorded from rump region during entire experimentalperiod. Statistically analyzed data revealed that BCS, HG,THT were significantly (P<0.05) less in group 1 thangroup 2 and group 3. RFT/BFT differences were significant(P<0.05) among 3 groups. More RFT was found in highBCS group followed by medium and low BCS group. TheBCS was having strong and significant (P<0.01) correlationwith RFT and body weight of animals. The RFT wassignificantly (P<0.01) correlated with body weight, milkyield, HG, THT and AG. The higher BCS group, lost RFT,BCS and BW faster than other 2 groups to support milkproduction. It can be concluded that BCS at calving can beused as a reliable criterion in choosing Jersey crossbredcows for higher milk production at organized farm.
Factors Affecting Hygienic Milk Production for Farmers of Nadia Dist.
Authors: Bhakat Champak
Published: August 2019

In Nadia dist, sub clinical mastitis in crossbred cows is abig and silent problem which leads to huge economic losses tofarmers. Therefore, it is very essential to study influence of hygienicmilk production on subclinical mastitis (SCM). Present study wasconducted at villages Nadia dist, WB. A total of 110 milk sampleswere collected and analysed. The SCM were determined by milksomatic cell count (SCC), milk pH and Modified California MastitisTest (MCMT). The observations, information of milking managementwere collected by pretested questionnaire. Analysis of data revealedthat Log 10 SCC (cells / ml) were significantly (P<0.01) higher inSCM cows (6.15 ± 0.05) as compared to no-SCM cows (4.23 ± 0.04).The SCC X 105 (cells / ml) were found to be higher in SCM animals(29.91 ± 3.85) as compared to no-SCM animals (1.12 ± 0.88). TheRange of Log SCC (cells / ml) greatly varied between SCM cows(5.01 to 7.56) and no-SCM cows (3.79 to 5.22). The MCMT gradewas lowered in no- SCM animals (1.03 ± 0.15) as compared to SCManimals (3.87 ± 0.07). The milk pH were higher in SCM cows (6.92± 0.02) as compared to no- SCM cows (6.34 ± 0.03). The fat (%)content was estimated to be lower in SCM animal (2.99 ± 0.07) ascompared to no-SCM animal (3.64 ± 0.15) whereas SNF (%) werehigher in no- SCM cows (7.63 ± 0.08) as compared to SCM cows(6.99 ± 0.06). All dairy farmers of present study area use to carry outtheir daily milking by hand and generally it was done by Gowala, aprofessional milker. All most all cows were Jersey cross-bred. All thelactating cows were fed with additional concentrates according totheir milk yield. The association between animal keeping pattern andhygiene status, cleanliness in animals, shed and milkers atfarmer’s house revealed that farmer having single cow, most of them(78.57%) maintaining good hygiene status, cleanliness but farmerhaving >3 cows, most of them (50%) maintaining poor hygienestatus, cleanliness where as farmer having 2-3 cows most of them(54.55%) maintaining medium type hygiene status, cleanliness intheir milking cows, housing of animal and milkers who were usingtheir hand for milking everyday at farmer’s house. The Chi-squre testvalue found to be significant (P<0.05). The study can be concludedthat there is a significant association between animal keeping patternand hygiene status, cleanliness at study area and efforts towardsincreased cleanliness and hygiene status in all aspects of milkingmanagement towards higher clean milk production and loweringincidence of sub-clinical mastitis in Nadia district.
Association among Feeding After Milking, Animal Factors and Post-milking Standing Period and Effect of Post-milking Standing Period on Intra- Mammary Infection in Crossbred Cows
Authors: Bhakat Champak
Published: August 2019

The present investigation was undertaken to study the association of time of feeding after milking andanimal factors with postmilkingstanding period (PMSP) and effect of PMSP on the milk somatic cell count(SCC)) in crossbred cows. 24 lactating cows were selected and divided into 2 groups, each of 12 (G1:feeding within 15 min after milking and G2: feeding after 90 min of milking). PMSP was recorded forindividual animal and categorized into < 90 min and > 90 min and milk sampling was done and subjectedto microscopic method of somatic cell count. All procedure was performed at monthly interval for 4 monthof duration. The estimated overall mean (±SE) of SCC (logarithmic) was 5.377 ± 0.039. Time of feedingafter milking was significantly (P<0.05) associated with PMSP as the higher percentage (72.92%) ofanimals were found under the PMSP of > 90 minutes in group G1 as compared to G2. The PMSP wassignificantly (P<0.01) affected the SCC level and the mean SCC(±SE) was 5.965±0.056 in the animals thatlie down before 90 minutes after milking while in the animals that lie down after 90 min, mean SCC(±SE)was 5.037±0.037. The association of parity and production level with the PMSP was also significant(P<0.01) and primiparous and medium producer cows showed longer duration of PMSP. Observationsrevealed that PMSP can be managed by managing feeding time and can be utilized for maintaining betterudder health.
Pembuatan Video Profil dengan Efek Vintage Kampung Wisata Adat Sengkoah sebagai Media Informasi
Authors: Apriliani Zohriyatun , Hasanah Uswatun , Anas Andi Sofyan
Published: August 2019

Central Lombok Regency is one of the districts that supports the establishment of Tourism Villages. One of the Tourism Villages that was recently initiated was the Sengkoah Traditional Tourism Village. This village has not been widely known by the wider community due to lack of information dissemination. Previously the dissemination of information was only through facebook pages and internet articles. In order to introduce this Sengkoah Indigenous Tourism Village, researchers created a profile video with vintage effects. Where this vintage effect will strengthen the impression of the past in the video part that is needed. In the process of making a profile video through three stages, namely, the first pre-production stage where the location survey and video drafting begin. The two stages of production are taking pictures and recording sound and preparing all the materials needed in the video. The three post-production stages are the video editing stage that brings together all the materials needed to become a complete video. After doing all of these steps, it is expected to produce a profile video of the Sengkoah Traditional Tourism Village with vintage effects. So that this video can be used as a more effective medium of information to introduce to the general public about the existence of this tourist village and the traditional activities offered. To find out the feasibility of the videos that have been made a beta test is proposed by submitting questionnaires to 30 respondents. The results obtained were profile videos with vintage effects of the traditional Sengkoah tourist village worthy of dissemination.
Aplikasi Pelayanan Pengaduan Masyarakat Berbasis Web pada Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Langsa
Authors: Novira Ayu , Aiyub Feri Fadli
Published: August 2019

Information technology is one of the things that has an important role in the era of globalization. Technological developments rapidly growth from year to year then its own facilities so as to provide convenience for its users. Information technology directly affects the lives of individuals and social especially at government agencies. Langsa General Hospital is one of the government agencies that has grown in the field of public health services, which is one of the public facilities are very important in the life of the community. It must be in balance with good services and facilities provided by the hospital. One of the facilities needed Area of Langsa General Hospital which is a container for the community can channel feedback in the form of a complaint with the objective as a means of communication between the hospital and the community which acts as a users of the service, with the existence of the container, the hospital can increase quality or improve any service provided to the community hospital.
Formulasi Dan Uji Mutu Fisik Lotion Antinyamuk Minyak Sereh Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus L Rendle.) Dengan Kombinasi Minyak Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.)
Authors: Kadang Yuniharce , Hasyim Muhammad Farid , Yulfiano Rezza
Published: August 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai Formulasi dan uji mutu fisik lotion antinyamuk Minyak Sereh Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus (L) Rendle) dengan kombinasi Minyak Nilam ( Pogostemon cablin Benth.). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen yang membuat formulasi lotion antinyamuk yang mengandung minyak Sereh Wangi(Cymbopogon nardus (L) Rendle) dengan kombinasi Minyak Nilam ( Pogostemon cablin Benth.) Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat formulasi lotion antinyamuk yang mengandung minyak Sereh Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus (L) Rendle.) dengan kombinasi Minyak Nilam ( Pogostemon cablin Benth.) dengan penambahan 2 emulgator dengan berbagai konsentrasi yang menghasilkan lotion antinyamuk yang stabil. Formulasi lotion yang mengandung minyak Sereh Wangi dibuat dalam tipe minyak dalam air dengan variasi konsentrasi emulgator Asam stearat 10%, 15%, dan 20% sedangkan varisi konsentrasi TEA 2%, 3%, dan 4%. . Pengujian stabilitas lotion meliputi pengujian organoleptis, pH, daya lekat dan daya sebar. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan terhadap Formulasi lotion antinyamuk yang minyak sereh wangi(Cymbopogon nardus (L) Rendle.) dengan kombinasi Minyak Nilam ( Pogostemon cablin Benth.) maka dapat diketahui bahwa lotion dengan konsentrasi minyak Sereh Wangi10% ,Minyak Nilam ( Pogostemon cablin Benth.) 10 % dan asam stearat10% dan TEA 2% formulasi 1 ) asam stearat 15% dan TEA 3% ( formula II ) dan asam sterat 20% dan TEA 4% ( formula III ) menghasilkan lotion yang stabil secara fisik.
Hubungan Berat Badan Lahir Bayi Dengan Tingkat Ruptur Perineum Pada Ibu Dengan Persalinan Normal Di Rumah Sakit Ibu Dan Anak Siti Fatimah Makassar Tahun 2018
Authors: Pohan Ernawati
Published: August 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai hubungan berat badan lahir bayi dengan tingkat ruptur perineum pada ibu dengan persalinan normal di rumah sakit ibu dan anak siti fatimah Makassar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui hubungan berat badan lahir bayi terhadap tingkat ruptur perineum pada ibu dengan persalinan normal di Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak St. Fatimah Makassar. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan jenis penelitian kuantitatif studi korelasional yaitu mengkaji pengaruh antara variabel secara retrospektif yaitu melakukan penelitian terhadap data yang terjadi pada waktu lampau. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 150 responden dengan melihat status rekam medik responden. Analisis data multivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi square dengan nilai kemaknaan 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa 150 responden diperoleh nilai p = 0,000 lebih kecil dari nilai p = 0,05. Dengan demikian, Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima berarti ada hubungan antara berat badan lahir bayi terhadap kejadian ruptur perineum. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka petugas kesehatan perlu meningkatkan penyuluhan terhadap ibu hamil tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi berat badan lahir bayi sehingga dapat mengurangi kejadian ruptur perineum dan tingkat ruptur perineum dapat diminimalkan.
The Role of Energy Diffusion in the Deposition of Energetic Electron Energy in Solar and Stellar Flares
Authors: Jeffrey Natasha L. S. , Kontar Eduard P. , Fletcher Lyndsay
Published: August 2019

During solar flares, a large fraction of the released magnetic energy is carried by energetic electrons that transfer and deposit energy in the Sun’s atmosphere. Electron transport is often approximated by a cold thick-target model, assuming that electron energy is much larger than the temperature of the ambient plasma, and electron energy evolution is modeled as a systematic loss. Using kinetic modeling of electrons, we reevaluate the transport and deposition of flare energy. Using a full collisional warm-target model (WTM), we account for electron thermalization and for the properties of the ambient coronal plasma such as its number density, temperature and spatial extent. We show that the deposition of nonthermal electron energy in the lower atmosphere is highly dependent on the properties of the flaring coronal plasma. In general, thermalization and a reduced WTM energy loss rate leads to an increase of nonthermal energy transferred to the chromosphere, and the deposition of nonthermal energy at greater depths. The simulations show that energy is deposited in the lower atmosphere initially by high-energy nonthermal electrons, and later by lower energy nonthermal electrons that partially or fully thermalize in the corona, over timescales of seconds, unaccounted for in previous studies. This delayed heating may act as a diagnostic of both the injected nonthermal electron distribution and the coronal plasma, vital for constraining flare energetics.
Off-axis Synchrotron Light Curves from Full-time-domain Moving-mesh Simulations of Jets from Massive Stars
Authors: Xie Xiaoyi , MacFadyen Andrew
Published: August 2019

We present full-time-domain (FTD), moving-mesh, relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of jets launched from the center of a massive progenitor star and compute the resulting synchrotron light curves for observers at a range of viewing angles. We follow jet evolution from ignition inside the stellar center, propagation in the stellar envelope and breakout from the stellar surface, then through the coasting and deceleration phases. The jet compresses into a thin shell, sweeps up the circumstellar medium, and eventually enters the Newtonian phase. The jets naturally develop angular and radial structure due to hydrodynamical interaction with surrounding gas. The calculated synchrotron light curves cover the observed temporal range of prompt to late afterglow phases of long gamma-ray bursts. The on-axis light curves exhibit an early emission pulse originating in shock-heated stellar material, followed by a shallow decay and a later steeper decay. The off-axis light curves rise earlier than previously expected for top-hat jet models—on a timescale of seconds to minutes after jet breakout—and decay afterward. Sometimes the off-axis light curves have later rebrightening components that can be contemporaneous with SNe Ic-bl emission. Our calculations may shed light on the structure of GRB outflows in the afterglow stage. The off-axis light curves from FTD simulations advocate new light-curve templates for the search of off-axis/orphan afterglows.
A Star-forming Galaxy in the Localization Region of FRB 110214
Authors: Lee 李 Chien-Hsiu 見修
Published: August 2019

FRB 110214 is among the smallest dispersion measure fast radio bursts (FRBs) that allow investigation of possible host galaxies thanks to its nearby nature z < 0.14. Here we present the discovery of a star-forming galaxy, WISE J012010.70-495041.5, in the 1σ localization region of FRB 110214. This star-forming galaxy can be seen from the optical and near-infrared archival data presented in Petroff et al. Based on optical, near-infrared, and mid-infrared imaging, WISE J0120-4950 is similar to the host of the repeating FRB 121102 both in morphology and spectral energy distribution (SED). From multiwavelength photometry, we compare its SED to the host of FRB 121102, and found a redshift of z ∼ 0.1, within the range of z < 0.14 constrained by the dispersion measure.
A New, Rotating Hot Corino in Serpens
Authors: Martín-Doménech Rafael , Bergner Jennifer B. , Öberg Karin I. , Jørgensen Jes K.
Published: August 2019

We have observed 29 transitions corresponding to 12 distinct species and 7 additional isotopologues toward the deeply embedded Class 0 young stellar object Ser-emb 1 with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array at ∼1 mm. The detected species include CH3OH and two complex organic molecules, CH3OCH3 and CH3OCHO. The emission of CH3OH and the two COMs is compact, and the CH3OH rotational temperature is 261 ± 46 K, implying that Ser-emb 1 hosts a hot corino. The derived CH3OH, CH3OCH3, and CH3OCHO column densities are at least (1.2 ± 0.4) × 1017 cm−2, (9.2 ± 3.8) × 1016 cm−2, and (9.1 ± 3.6) × 1016 cm−2, respectively, comparable to the values found for other Class 0 hot corinos. In addition, we observe evidence of rotation at compact scales: two of the more strongly detected lines, corresponding to C18O and H2CO present spatially resolved redshifted and blueshifted compact emission orthogonal to the direction of a jet and outflow traced by CO, SiO, and several other molecules. The spatial coincidence of the hot corino emission and a possible disk in a compact region around the central protostar suggests that these structures may be physically and/or chemically related.
Developing the Physical Understanding of Intermediate Polars: An X-Ray Study of TV Col and V2731 Oph
Authors: Lopes de Oliveira R. , Mukai K.
Published: August 2019

The X-rays in intermediate polars (IPs) originate in a compact region near the surface of a magnetic white dwarf (WD) and interact with the complex environment surrounding the emission region. Here we report a case study of two IPs, TV Col and V2731 Oph, with selected archival X-ray observations (NuSTAR, Swift, Suzaku, and XMM-Newton). For TV Col, we were successful in simultaneously accounting for the primary X-rays, the secondary X-rays due to Compton scattering and fluorescence, and the effects of local absorbers. In this case, we were able to demonstrate that the shock height is small, based on the high reflection amplitude; hence, the maximum temperature of the post-shock region can be used to derive the WD mass of 0.735 ± 0.015 M
⊙. Despite the high specific accretion rate required to explain the small shock height, we do not detect any spin modulation in our NuSTAR data, consistent with the modest amount of complex absorption seen spectroscopically. We argue that our results are robust because they are based on the joint temporal–spectral analysis of broadband X-ray data. The spectrum of V2731 Oph is more highly absorbed. Through our analysis of the Suzaku data, we present a spectral model with nitrogen overabundance without the previously claimed soft blackbody that should be further explored. We have been unable to constrain the reflection amplitude for V2731 Oph; this and the detection of spin modulation above 10 keV suggest that it may have a tall shock. Hence, we only derive a lower limit to the mass of its WD (>0.9 M
⊙).
Édouard Fuster (1869-1935), praticien, passeur, expert
Authors: Dartevelle Raymond
Published: August 2019

Contemporain de l’ingénieur social Émile Cheysson, de l’économiste Charles Gide et du sociologue Maurice Halbwachs, Édouard Fuster professeur au Collège de France entre 1910-1935, chaire de Prévoyance et assurances sociales, puis assistance sociale, et à l’Institut d’urbanisme de Paris (1919-1935), eut aussi de multiples responsabilités institutionnelles, notamment dans les secteurs relevant de l’hygiène sociale et du service social. Son nom, son action et ses publications restent portant ignorés de beaucoup de spécialistes et professionnels. Cet article a pour objectif de montrer combien la diversité et la richesse de ses champs de connaissance, d’expérimentation et de pratique des enquêtes transnationales relatives à l’hygiène à l’assurance et à la prévoyance, ont été confrontées au rapport complexe entre histoire, mémoire et oubli. L’anamnèse est ainsi rendue d’autant plus difficile que les archives privées ont été détruites. Seuls les travaux et quelques correspondances d’Édouard Fuster, ces traces d’une vie professionnelle, ont permis grâce à l’apport d’autres sources documentaires françaises et étrangères d’éclairer sous un angle nouveau le chemin de vie de cet « homme mêlé », praticien, passeur et expert, au cœur de la construction de l’État social.
Comment suivre l’exemple de l’Allemagne sans perdre son âme ? Le pari de Fuster sur la Mutualité française dans la lutte contre la tuberculose
Authors: Viet Vincent
Published: August 2019

Cet article analyse les compromis que Fuster dut passer avec sa conscience entre son attachement très vif à la prévoyance libre et l’impératif français de santé publique : la nécessité d’organiser un système rationnel de prise en charge de la tuberculose. Très actif dans les congrès internationaux des accidents du travail et des assurances sociales d’avant la Grande Guerre, Fuster a tôt misé sur la Mutualité française, incarnation vivante de la prévoyance libre, pour obtenir dans la lutte contre la tuberculose des résultats aussi probants que ceux des caisses d’assurances allemandes obligatoirement constituées. Ce sont précisément les conditions de réalisation de ce pari tourmenté qui sont au cœur du propos.
Une propédeutique de l’action. Édouard Fuster, la réforme du placement et ses réseaux (1910-1920)
Authors: Jung Benjamin
Published: August 2019

Édouard Fuster, après avoir fait ses armes comme spécialiste reconnu de l’assurance-chômage et partisan de l’obligation, s’investit pleinement dans la refonte du placement public et l’organisation du marché du travail. Figure de la Conférence internationale du chômage tenue à Paris en 1910, il est, à sa suite, l’un des membres éminents de l’Association française pour la lutte contre le chômage (AFLC), au sein de laquelle il milite en faveur de bureaux de placement professionnels de fonctionnement paritaire. En 1915, à l’heure de la mobilisation industrielle, il devient le premier président de l’Office de placement du département de la Seine. Cette contribution examine l’un des cheminements réformateurs de Fuster, qui illustre la perméabilité entre expertise et action, analyse et pratique, entendues non comme des séquences successives, mais comme les moments imbriqués d’une même dynamique, au service de la paix sociale.
Enquêtes rurales et industrielles : le chemin de Max Weber vers la sociologie
Authors: Aldenhoff-Hübinger Rita , Bruhns Hinnerk
Published: August 2019

Au début de sa carrière, Max Weber a participé aux grandes enquêtes du Verein für Socialpolitik et de l’ Evangelisch-sozialer Kongress sur le monde rural et la situation des ouvriers agricoles, un sujet qui avait aussi trouvé l’intérêt d’Édouard Fuster lors de son séjour en Allemagne au début des années 1890. La première partie de l’article montre comment Max Weber découvre le capitalisme agraire et puis le capitalisme en général avec toutes ses conséquences pour la société moderne, tout en prenant en compte la relation problématique entre les sciences sociales et la politique. La deuxième partie de l’article analyse la façon dont Weber, après le tournant du siècle, poursuit cette piste de recherche d’une manière plus réfléchie à travers ses projets et esquisses méthodologiques autour des enquêtes industrielles. Les enquêtes empiriques sont pour lui un outil indispensable pour appréhender les conséquences culturelles du développement du capitalisme moderne sur l’homme, considéré dans sa personnalité, et sur la société.
La consommation au XX e siècle : enquêtes, savoirs, pratiques
Authors: Chessel Marie-Emmanuelle , Dubuisson-Quellier Sophie
Published: August 2019

L’article introduit un numéro consacré aux enquêtes sur la consommation et l’argent au xx e siècle. Ce numéro s’inscrit dans plusieurs traditions de recherche (les recherches sur la consommation, les travaux sur les pratiques d’enquêtes, et les recherches sur les États-Providence). Il interroge les manières de compter des consommateurs et consommatrices, les méthodes et savoirs construits pour les connaître et les nouveaux questionnements liés à l’arrivée de la question des masses. Deux documents proposent des extraits d’enquêtes de la JOCF et de jeunes sociologues dans les années 1960. Le numéro permet de souligner la richesse des études existantes tout en insistant sur le fait qu’il reste beaucoup à faire dans le domaine des enquêtes sur la consommation.
The birth of critical consumer research: contesting and affirming consumer supremacy in interwar America
Authors: Schwarzkopf Stefan
Published: August 2019

Cet article montre que les origines des approches critiques des études sur la consommation (la critical consumer research ) remontent aux études sur Middletown, réalisées par les époux Robert et Helen Merrell Lynd, enquêteurs sociaux aux États-Unis pendant les années 1920 et 1930. Leurs travaux proposent une première tentative d’études des effets sur le long terme des choix de consommation à la fois sur le bien-être des individus qui réalisent ces choix et sur le bien-être collectif des communautés d’individus que ces choix forment. Cet article retrace les origines historiques de la recherche sur les effets socio-économiques d’une culture de la consommation dans les premières décennies du xx e siècle. Il montre que l’approche critique ne s’est jamais limitée à la remise en cause théorique de la souveraineté du consommateur. Les Lynd ont ainsi voulu affirmer de manière concrète l’existence de visions alternatives à cette souveraineté, reposant sur l’amélioration des conditions dans lesquelles les consommateurs formulent leurs choix. Le cas des études Middletown démontre l’existence d’une généalogie des études de la consommation bien différente de celle qui nous a été proposée jusqu’ici.
Dispositifs et dispositions de la consommation. Retour sur une enquête contemporaine articulant méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives
Authors: Dubuisson-Quellier Sophie , Gojard Séverine , Plessz Marie
Published: August 2019

Cet article propose de faire retour sur une enquête autour des changements de pratiques alimentaires des ménages conduite par les auteurs. Cette enquête possède une double originalité. La première d’entre elles réside dans la volonté de croiser deux programmes théoriques majeurs, souvent présentés comme inconciliables. Il s’agit d’une part du programme bourdieusien, associant les pratiques de consommation aux dispositions sociales des individus, acquises par l’expérience tout au long de la trajectoire sociale, et d’autre part du programme de sociologie économique inspiré de la sociologie des sciences développé par Michel Callon et Franck Cochoy, qui lie les pratiques de consommation aux effets des dispositifs techniques et marchands sur les décisions des consommateurs. Nous avons voulu comprendre les changements des pratiques de consommation alimentaire à la fois à la lumière des trajectoires des individus et de leurs rencontres récurrentes avec des dispositifs marchands ou publics conçus pour les réorienter. Pour articuler ces deux programmes, nous avons alors conçu un dispositif méthodologique spécifique, et c’est la seconde originalité de notre démarche, afin de faire dialoguer des données quantitatives et qualitatives, en éclairant l’une par l’autre de manière récurrente. C’est de cette façon que nous avons pu saisir à la fois le rôle des dispositifs de la prescription, qu’ils soient marchands et publics, et les effets de trajectoires sociales (appartenance sociale, position dans le cycle de vie) dans la fabrique des pratiques alimentaires autant que dans leurs évolutions. Il en résulte que si ces prescriptions ont des effets sur les changements de la pratique alimentaire, ceux-ci sont très largement conditionnés par les dispositions des individus à s’en saisir.
Le financement des universités : évolutions et enjeux
Authors: Calviac Stéphane
Published: August 2019

La loi de 2007 relative aux « libertés et responsabilités des universités » a profondément modifié le financement public des universités françaises. Celles-ci, ayant accédé à des responsabilités élargies, sont incitées à développer des ressources propres. L’appel à des crédits extrabudgétaires a contribué à la diversification de leur financement, au développement discret mais réel de la concurrence entre elles et, en fin de compte, a accru leur hétérogénéité. Cela ne règle toutefois pas le problème chronique du sous-financement des universités encore aggravé par la forte hausse du nombre d’étudiants. Cette situation, qui s’inscrit dans un cadre budgétaire tendu, amène à explorer ouvertement de nouvelles sources de financement et conduit à redéfinir encore les relations entre l’État et les universités.
Faire travailler sans contrat dans la fonction publique
Authors: Gaboriau Marion
Published: August 2019

Résumé Même si l’on est loin d’en connaitre toutes les formes, le travail temporaire est utilisé par nombre d’organisations privées et publiques. En partant d’une des formes d’emploi qu’il prend dans la fonction publique territoriale, cet article propose de se placer du côté des employées d’un service des ressources humaines en charge de la gestion de travailleuses temporaires exerçant des activités de services faiblement qualifiées. Ces employées, nommées « gestionnaires », responsables de la sélection et du placement quotidien de la main-d’œuvre, sont prises dans de multiples tensions créatrices d’instabilité et de malaise qu’il s’agit de dépasser. Contraintes de mobiliser et fiabiliser des travailleuses sans véritablement les engager, de respecter des règles et en combler l’absence, elles jouent un double rôle d’intermédiaire de l’emploi et du droit. Afin de réduire l’incertitude au quotidien tout en essayant de donner un sens moralement acceptable à leurs pratiques, les gestionnaires mettent en œuvre plusieurs logiques d’action dans leurs interactions avec la main-d’œuvre. Entre engagements et arrangements mutuels, logique de responsabilisation et de mise à distance, elles inventent des règles pour cadrer leur activité et la réaliser.
L’objectivité sous contrôle : analyse d’une évaluation randomisée de programmes d’accompagnement des demandeurs d’emploi
Authors: Vivés Claire
Published: August 2019

Résumé À partir de l’étude approfondie d’un cas d’évaluation randomisée de deux programmes d’accompagnement renforcé de demandeurs d’emploi, cet article interroge l’objectivité de cette méthodologie d’évaluation et ses effets sur la conduite de l’action publique. Nous étudions les différentes phases de cette évaluation (de son élaboration à l’usage des résultats en passant par leur production) en les analysant au regard des logiques institutionnelles à l’œuvre au moment où les dispositifs évalués se déploient. Parce que ces résultats d’évaluation ne sont pas une mesure mais le produit de conventions et parce qu’en réagissant à l’évaluation les acteurs transforment l’objet observé, ceci conduit à relativiser l’objectivité de la randomisation. L’analyse de l’usage partiel et partial des résultats permet de documenter les ressorts de la légitimation de l’action publique par les chiffres.