bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kaaps: Time for the language of the Cape Flats to become part of formal schooling
Authors: Le Cordeur Michael
Published: November 2018

Throughout the centuries, language has always been a prerequisite for tuition andlearning. This contribution is based on the universal theme of language as bearer ofcultural identity and the role it plays in South African education, specifically regardingliteracy. The focus falls on especially one variant of Afrikaans, known as Kaaps, and therole that it plays regarding the individual and group identity of the group of peoplewho were classified as Coloureds during apartheid1 and marginalized by poverty, placeof residence and race. The research question is whether Kaaps can make a contributionto the successful delivery of the school curriculum in those schools which are mainlyattended by the so-called ‘Coloureds’ on the Cape Flats. The methodology chieflyentails a literature review. From a socio-historical perspective the article reflects onthe history of Kaaps since the early 1600s, and what role it plays in the developmentof Afrikaans. The literature study supplies the theoretical framework for reflectionon Kaaps. The focus is on the influence of Kaaps on its speakers’ perception of theiridentity; the conflict of Kaaps with Standard Afrikaans; the current status of Kaapsin the Coloured population; the restandardization of Afrikaans, and to what extent,if any, Kaap comes into its own in South African schools. The study comes to theconclusion that learners who grew up with Kaaps, are disadvantaged at school and thatthe language should be utilized more inclusively.
Economic empowerment through Kaaps
Authors: Van der Rheede Christo
Published: November 2018

As a regional variety, Kaaps can be seen as a driver of social, cultural, educationaland economic interaction in specific contexts. However, the economic value of Kaapsand its role in economic empowerment in these contexts have not yet been properlyresearched. This chapter aims to inspire scholars to do in-depth research on the rolethat Kaaps already plays in the regional economy, as well as the role it can play asprincipal driver of many other commercial and artistic projects.
Space/place matters
Authors: M. Milani Tommaso , Williams Quentin , Stroud Christopher
Published: November 2018

This special issue of Multilingual Margins on the theme of “Space/place matters” has its origin in a doctoral summer school organised in December 2016 by the Department of Linguistics and the Centre for Multilingualism and Diversities Research at the University of the Western Cape as part of a collaboration with the University of Oslo and three other South African universities – Stellenbosch University, University of Cape Town and University of the Witwatersrand – and financed by Research Council of Norway’s programme International Partnerships for Excellent Education, Research and Innovation (INTPART). Doctoral students based in Norway and South Africa attended the summer school, presented their research projects, and were encouraged to submit an article to Multilingual Margins. This was with a view to training budding scholars to deal with the peer-review process of academic publishing. This special issue is the material outcome of this process and includes three articles that have a common interest in unpicking the complex relationship between language and space/place.
Editorial Board
Authors: Stroud Christopher
Published: November 2018

Editorial Board
“Are you so ashamed to come from Poland and to speak your mother tongue?” – metalinguistic talk, identities and language ideologies in teenagers’ interactions on ASKfm
Authors: Obojska Maria Antonina
Published: November 2018

This article applies the concept of metasociolinguistic stance specifically to investigate and analyse how identities and competing discourses can be (re)constructed in metalinguistic talk. In particular, the article analyses how stancetaking can serve as a vessel for constructing language ideologies and identities in metalinguistic talk between a Polish teenager based in Norway and her followers on a social media platform. Inspired by online ethnography, this study combines the observation of online activities, the analysis of screendata, as well as data obtained through direct online and offline discussions with the profile owner. The study showed that the focal participant and her predominantly Polish followers took different metasociolinguistic stances towards the use of Polish and Norwegian in communication between people of Polish origin. While the homeland-based followers constructed an indexical link between ethnic origins and obligatory practice of speaking Polish, the focal participant contested these ideological assumptions and oriented towards a more flexible understanding of the relationship between language and belonging. This contribution shows how social media can serve as a rich research site where the members of diasporic communities and the members of the homeland societies come into contact and interact with each other bringing in different discourses and ideologies into the conversations.
Seeing the point from which you see what you see: An essay on epistemic reflexivity in language research
Authors: Salö Linus
Published: November 2018

This essay deals with epistemic issues in language research, focusing particularly onthe field of language planning and policy (LPP). It outlines Pierre Bourdieu’s principleof epistemic reflexivity as a device for understanding what the view of the researchobject owes to the researcher’s past and present position in social space. I hold thatdeveloping such an understanding is particularly vital for LPP scholars, by virtueof the ways in which the objects investigated here tend to linger in the borderlandsbetween science and politics. Accordingly, the essay unearths the philosophical rootsof epistemic reflexivity and highlights some of its implications in the research practicewith examples from Swedish LPP research. It also examines the value of a reflexivestance in interviews as a way of pinpointing the relevance of epistemic reflexivity inevery moment of the scholarly investigation. In conclusion, the argument is that sinceepistemic reflexivity is a useful device for any critical researcher who wishes to grasp theknowledge he or she produces, it is so also for language researchers, and particularlyso in relation to the ideologically normative practices of LPP scholarship. Therefore, areflexive gaze is a pivotal driver for yielding better language research.
Language, food and gentrification: signs of socioeconomic mobility in two Gothenburg neighbourhoods
Authors: Järlehed Johan , Nielsen Helle Lykke , Rosendal Tove
Published: November 2018

This paper examines at how language and food intersect and interact in gentrificationprocesses. As a capital-driven social process aiming at enhancing the socioeconomicvalue of urban space, gentrification implies mobility both in the sense that it attractsnew people, businesses and capital to an area, and in the form of displacement ofless affluent and prestigious people, businesses and semiotic resources from centralto marginal urban spaces. The paper examines linguistic and visual traces of suchmobilities in two neighbourhoods in Gothenburg, Sweden. Based on the observationthat food and food practices are central for the production and reproduction of socialdistinction, the analysis centres on food related establishments and signs. In particular,it discusses the distinction-making function of prestigious languages, elite gastronomicregisters, and gourmet food trucks, and how these depend on the marginalizationof low status languages, popular gastronomic registers and cheap generic food carts.People’s interaction with these resources contributes to the reconfiguration of socialand urban space.
Verteilte Optimierung: Anwendungen in der Modellprädiktiven Regelung
Authors: Braun Philipp , Grüne Lars
Published: November 2018

Verteilte Optimierungsverfahren wie die duale Dekomposition oder die Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) erleben in den letzten Jahren ein erneutes steigendes Interesse in den unterschiedlichsten Anwendungen. Die zunehmende Vernetzung von Servern oder Mikrocontrollern weltweit sowie die Größe von heutigen Datensätzen liefern dabei die Grundlage für die Nachfrage nach iterativen, parallelisierbaren Optimierungsverfahren. In dieser Arbeit stellen wir verteilte Optimierungsalgorithmen und ihre Anwendungen bei der Berechnung von Zustandsrückführungen mithilfe der Modellprädiktiven Regelung vor. Wir konzentrieren uns auf die Systemdynamik sowie die Vernetzung der Systeme bei der Anwendbarkeit der Algorithmen. Darüber hinaus untersuchen wir die Algorithmen auf ihre Kommunikationsstruktur, den Austausch sensibler Daten, die Skalierbarkeit und die Flexibilität.
IoT Energy Storage - A Forecast
Authors: Häggström Fredrik , Delsing Jerker
Published: November 2018

Exponential growth in computing, wireless communication, and energy storage efficiency is key to allowing smaller and scalable IoT solutions. These advancements have made it possible to power devices from energy harvesters (EH) and explore other energy storage solutions that can increase the lifetime and robustness of IoT devices. We summarize current trends and limits for the current paradigm as the basis of our forecast. The trend shows that conventional ceramic capacitors are sufficient for energy storage for today’s EH powered wireless IoT devices and that in the future, IoT devices can either perform more advanced tasks with their current volume or be shrunk in size.
Short- and long-term outcomes for the surgical treatment of acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Dohle Kathrin , Dohle Daniel-Sebastian , El Beyrouti Hazem , Buschmann Katja , Emrich Anna Lena , Brendel Lena , Vahl Christian-Friedrich
Published: November 2018

Objectives

Acute pulmonary embolism can be a life-threatening condition with a high mortality. The treatment choice is a matter of debate. The early and late outcomes of patients treated with surgical pulmonary embolectomy for acute pulmonary embolism in a single center were analyzed.

Methods

All consecutive patients operated on for pulmonary embolism between January 2002 and March 2017 were reviewed. Patient demographics and pre- and postoperative clinical data were retrieved from our patient registry, and risk factors for in-hospital and long-term mortality were identified.

Results

In total, 175 patients (mean age 59±3 years, 50% male) were operated on for acute pulmonary embolism. In-hospital mortality was 19% (34/175). No differences were found when comparing surgery utilizing a beating heart or cardioplegic arrest. Risk factors for in-hospital mortality were age >70 years [odds ratio (OR) 4.8, confidence interval (CI) 1.7–13.1, p=0.002], body surface area <2 m2 (OR 4.7, CI 1.6–13.7, p=0.004), preoperative resuscitation (OR 14.1, CI 4.9–40.8, p<0.001), and the absence of deep vein thrombosis (OR 9.6, CI 2.5–37.6, p<0.001). Follow-up was 100% complete with a 10-year survival rate of 66.4% in 141/175 patients surviving to discharge. Once discharged from hospital, none of the risk factors identified for in-hospital mortality were relevant for long-term survival except the absence of deep vein thrombosis (OR 3.2, CI 1.2–8.2, p=0.019). The presence of malignancy was a relevant risk factor for long-term mortality (OR 4.3, CI 1.8–10.3, p=0.001).

Conclusion

Surgical pulmonary embolectomy as a therapy for acute pulmonary embolism demonstrates excellent short- and long-term results in patients with an otherwise life-threatening disease, especially in younger patients with a body surface area >2 m2 and pulmonary embolism caused by deep vein thrombosis. Pulmonary embolectomy should therefore not be reserved as a treatment of last resort for clinically desperate circumstances.
Democratic Legitimacy beyond the State: Politicization, Representation, and a Systemic Framework
Authors: Kuyper Jonathan William
Published: November 2018

Does the politicization of international authority help to reduce democratic deficits beyond the state? In this paper I argue that politicization provides a useful springboard for remedying democratic deficits at the EU and global level. Despite this promise, there are a range of concerns that inhibit a direct relationship between politicization and increased democratic legitimacy. The paper unpacks what politicization is and how it might relate to democratic legitimacy. It then argues that problems surrounding representation – in particular the constructivist view of representation – complicates this relationship. Significantly the notion of mobilization generates suspicions of democratic representational legitimacy. In response, the paper details a framework for assessing the democratic legitimacy of representative claims under conditions of politicization that responds to the aforementioned concerns. This framework is briefly applied to the cases of TTIP and TPP to show its merits.
Making Offers They Can’t Refuse: Consensus and Domination in the WTO
Authors: Laoghaire Tadhg Ó
Published: November 2018

The World Trade Organisation (WTO), and the international trade regime within which it operates, is regularly evaluated in terms of distributive outcomes or opportunities. A less-established concern is the extent to which the institutional structure of the trade regime enables agents to exert control over the economic forces to which they’re subject. This oversight is surprising, as trade negotiations amongst states have profound impacts upon what options remain open to those states and their citizens in regulating their economies. This article contributes to filling this lacuna in the literature. Following on from recent neo-republican work on global and international justice, it argues that a major problem with the WTO is that it fails to effectively mitigate the domination of some states by others within its negotiations. Such domination prevails despite the employment of negative consensus as a decision-making procedure.
On the discovery of new elements (IUPAC/IUPAP Provisional Report)
Authors: Hofmann Sigurd , Dmitriev Sergey N. , Fahlander Claes , Gates Jacklyn M. , Roberto James B. , Sakai Hideyuki
Published: November 2018

Almost thirty years ago the criteria that are currently used to verify claims for the discovery of a new element were set down by the comprehensive work of a Transfermium Working Group, TWG, jointly established by IUPAC and IUPAP. The recent completion of the naming of the 118 elements in the first seven periods of the Periodic Table of the Elements was considered as an opportunity for a review of these criteria in the light of the experimental and theoretical advances in the field. In late 2016 the Unions decided to establish a new Joint Working Group, JWG, consisting of six members determined by the Unions. A first meeting of the JWG was in May 2017. One year later this report was finished. In a first part the works and conclusions of the TWG and the Joint Working Parties, JWP, deciding on the discovery of the now named elements are summarized. Possible experimental developments for production and identification of new elements beyond the presently known ones are estimated. Criteria and guidelines for establishing priority of discovery of these potential new elements are presented. Special emphasis is given to a description for the application of the criteria and the limits for their applicability.
The utility/futility of medications for neuropathic pain – an observational study
Authors: Butler Stephen , Eek Daniel , Ring Lena , Gordon Allen , Karlsten Rolf
Published: November 2018

Background and aims

The RELIEF (Real Life) study by AstraZeneca was designed as an observational study to validate a series of Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) questionnaires in a mixed population of subjects with neuropathic pain (NP) coming from diabetes, neurology and primary care clinics. This article is an analysis of a subset of the information to include the medications used and the effects of pharmacological treatment over 6 months. The RELIEF study was performed during 2010–2013.

Methods

Subjects were recruited from various specialty clinics and one general practice clinic across Canada. The subjects were followed for a total of 2 years with repeated documentation of their status using 10 PROs. A total of 210 of the recruited subjects were entered into the data base and analyzed. Of these, 123 had examination-verified painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) and 87 had examination-verified post-traumatic neuropathy (PTN). To evaluate the responsiveness of the PROs to change, several time points were included and this study focusses primarily on the first 6 months. Subjects also maintained a diary to document all medications, both for pain and other medical conditions, including all doses, start dates and stop dates, that could be correlated to changes in the PRO parameters.

Results

RELIEF was successful in being able to correlate the validity of the PROs and this data was used for further AstraZeneca Phase 1, 2, and 3 clinical trials of NP. To our surprise, there was very little change in pain and low levels of patient satisfaction with treatment during the trial. Approximately 15% of the subjects reported improvement, 8% worsening of pain, the remainder reported pain unchanged despite the use of multiple medications at multiple doses, alone or in combination with frequent changes of medications and doses over the study. Those taking predominantly NSAIDs (COX-inhibitors) did no worse than those taking the standard recommended medications against NP.

Conclusions

Since this is a real-life study, it reflects the clinical utility of a variety of internationally recommended medications for the treatment of NP. In positive clinical trials of these medications in selected “ideal” subjects, the effects are not overwhelming – 30% are 50% improved on average. This study shows that in the real world the results are not nearly as positive and reflects information from non-published negative clinical trials.

Implications

We still do not have very successful medications for NP. Patients probably differ in many respects from those subjects in clinical trials. This is not to negate the use of recommended medications for NP but an indication that success rates of treatment are likely to be worse than the data coming from those trials published by the pharmaceutical industry.
Kołakowski made by Piper
Authors: Zajas Paweł
Published: November 2018

Since the year 1960, a range of works by Polish philosopher Leszek Kołakowski have been published by Piper-Verlag. The paper analyses some so far unknown archival data that offer some insights into the circumstances of their publication. Sections 2 and 3 show how Kołakowski’s German debut (essay collection from 1960 under the titleDer Mensch ohne Alternative) may have been influenced by factors that tend to shape the literary field, such as the contemporary cultural and publishing policy and the role played by the intermediaries and translators. The argument provides new insights into the history of ideas that constituted the background of the import of Polish/ East European literature to the FRG from the 1950 s on. Next (section 4), the paper addresses the question as to why the editing conducted on Kołakowski’s work had failed to initiate a more systematic transfer of Eastern European (criticism of) Marxist philosophy to the German publishing market. Moreover (section 5), an attempt is made at a closer characterisation and problematisation of the readings of some themes of Kołakowski’s works by the editor in Piper-Verlag, Hans Rößner, a German philologist and ex-SS officer. In this context, a rhetorical question as to this sort of ideological criticism is posed. Finally, the data presented in the paper bring the following issues to the fore in terms of future research directions: (1) transfer of literature/ knowledge from Poland/ Eastern Europe during the Cold War and (2) the actual part that Eastern Europe played in the “global” conflict of ideas under the label of “1968”.
Bemerkungen über die altkeltischen Fluchrituale: Zum Blei von Chartres und einem lateinischen Fluchtäfelchen mit Formeln keltischen Ursprungs
Authors: Dupraz Emmanuel
Published: November 2018

This paper deals with the Gaulish defixio from Chartres and more generally with the Celtic tradition of malediction rituals in Antiquity, as documented by the defixiones from Chartres, Larzac and Chamalières and by contact features in Latin defixiones from the Celtic speaking provinces. It is argued that this tradition, as opposed to the Latin one, systematically advocated that the malediction ritual was performed as a defensive measure against a former malediction by the cursed persons. The same lexemes are used to refer to the cursed persons and to the performer of the cursing ritual: this stylistic device emphasises that the defixio is to be regarded as a counter-malediction.
Low PR in ER(+)/HER2(−) breast cancer: high rates of TP53 mutation and high SUV
Authors: Ahn Sung Gwe , Yoon Chang Ik , Lee Jae Hoon , Lee Hye Sun , Park So Eun , Cha Yoon Jin , Cha Chihwan , Bae Soong June , Lee Kyung-A , Jeong Joon
Published: November 2018

On the basis of TP53 mutations and standardized uptake values (SUVs) from 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET), we sought to enhance our knowledge of the biology underlying low progesterone receptor (PR) expression in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-negative tumors. This study included 272 patients surgically treated for ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer and who had undergone TP53 gene sequencing. Of these, 229 patients also underwent 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT. Mutational analysis of exons 5–9 of the TP53 gene was conducted using PCR amplification and direct sequencing. The SUVs were measured using 18F-FDG-PET scan images. Twenty-eight (10.3%) tumors had a somatic TP53 mutation. The TP53 mutation rate was significantly higher in low-PR tumors than in high-PR tumors (17.1% vs 7.9%, P = 0.039). Low-PR tumors had significantly higher median SUVs than high-PR tumors (P = 0.046). The multivariable analysis revealed that SUV and age remained independent variables associated with low PR expression. An adverse impact of low PR expression on recurrence-free survival was observed in the multivariable Cox regression hazard model. We provide clinical evidence that genetic alteration of the TP53 gene and dysregulated glucose metabolism partly involve low PR expression in ER-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer.
Identification and characterization of ERV transcripts in goat embryos
Authors: Deng Ruizhi , Han Chengquan , Zhao Lu , Zhang Qing , Yan Beifen , Cheng Rui , Wei Biao , Meng Peng , Mao Tingchao , Zhang Yong , Liu Jun
Published: November 2018

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), which are abundant in mammalian genomes, can modulate the expression of nearby genes, and their expression is dynamic and stage-specific during early embryonic development in mice and humans. However, the functions and mechanisms of ERV elements in regulating embryonic development remain unclear. Here, we utilized several methods to determine the contribution of ERVs to the makeup and regulation of transcripts during embryonic genome activation (EGA). We constructed an ERV library and embryo RNA-seq library (IVF_2c and IVF_8c) of goat to serve as our research basis. The GO and KEGG analysis of nearby ERV genes revealed that some ERV elements may be associated with embryonic development. RNA-seq results were consistent with the features of EGA. To obtain the transcripts derived from the ERV sequences, we blasted the ERV sequences with embryonic transcripts and identified three lncRNAs and one mRNA that were highly expressed in IVF-8c rather than in IVF-2c (q-value <0.05). Then, we validated the expression patterns of nine ERV-related transcripts during early developmental stages and knocked down three high-expression transcripts in EGA. The knockdown of lncRNA TCONS_00460156 or mRNA HSD17B11 significantly decreased the developmental rate of IVF embryos. Our findings suggested that some transcripts from ERVs are essential for the early embryonic development of goat, and analyzing the ERV expression profile during goat EGA may help elucidate the molecular mechanisms of ERV in regulating embryonic development.
Aproximación al concepto de “patologías de lo social” y sus posibles implicaciones éticas
Authors: Guillén Ramírez Pierre
Published: November 2018

El artículo presenta, en primer lugar, la caracterización que hace Honneth del estatuto de la filosofía social. En segundo lugar, desarrolla el concepto de “patologías de lo social”, como presupuesto teórico fundamental que permite determinar el quehacer propio de la filosofía social. En tercer lugar, pone en evidencia en qué medida la “invisibilidad” social, como una retención del reconocimiento, se constituye en una patología de lo social y la respuesta que esta situación reclama de la filosofía social. Finalmente, se comenta la propuesta de Honneth argumentando que parece no tomar lo suficientemente en consideración la existencia de alteridades culturales y éticas, en tanto que tiene a la base un concepto normativo formal y universal.
Crisis del neoliberalismo: Gobernanza y desigualdad
Authors: Becerra Medina David Francisco , Romero Arciniegas Wilfred Alonso
Published: November 2018

El espigado ascenso del Estado de bienestar y el Estado desarrollista dieron paso a una generación de ilusiones sobre la prosperidad económica interminable. Las crisis económicas de finales de los setenta e inicios de los ochenta acabaron rápidamente con estos sueños, reestructurar el Estado era inminente. Los choques económicos fueron el pretexto para iniciar la reestructuración del sistema económico mundial (que mostraba signos de moderación en las tasas de crecimiento) con la implementación del recetario homogéneo del neoliberalismo. De esta forma, el mundo abría paso a la globalización económica (financiera) a gran escala.Más de treinta años después, el neoliberalismo ha demostrado que con su llegada no solucionó, sino que agravó problemas que ya aquejaban al Estado de bienestar. Con sus políticas de austeridad, el neoliberalismo solo logró precarizar las condiciones de vida humana, llevando los beneficios estatales al suelo por medio de la privatización; reduciendo los ingresos fiscales para implementar futuras políticas estatales; y disminuyendo considerablemente los beneficios individuales del grueso poblacional con las políticas de flexibilización laboral.Esto lleva a pensar en la función del Estado en tiempos de la globalización neoliberal, en la que su soberanía se ve limitada por el proceso de liberalización económica, dependencia de grandes inversiones y préstamos extranjeros, resultando la obstaculización del ejercicio político en pro de la formación ciudadana y los mecanismos de control.El texto abordará las problemáticas derivadas de los principales modelos estatales del siglo XX, en contraste con la reciente gran recesión y los retos del Estado para solucionar las desigualdades.
Poéticas de la violencia en Colombia. El papel de la poesía en la formación de una memoria crítica
Authors: Vanegas Athías Beatriz
Published: November 2018

El presente artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo un primer abordaje analítico de un corpus de poemas correspondiente a la poesía colombiana comprendida entre 1940 y la primera década del siglo XXI, para determinar el papel de la poesía en la formación de una memoria ciudadana crítica.Se configura un primer Estado del arte, es decir, se abordan estudios recientes sobre la poética de la violencia en Colombia en la época arriba enunciada a través de la pesquisa en libros y revistas análogas y halladas en bases de datos.A través de este análisis y estudio se establece que el discurso lírico configura y da voz a un período determinante en la vida cultural, social, económica y política de Colombia, por cuanto muestra la intensificación de las diferentes formas de violencia que han aquejado a este país durante el siglo XX, cuando se afianza su vida republicana. Igualmente, de acuerdo con el novelista Thomas Mann, se establece que el artista, en este caso, el poeta, no es originalmente un ser moral, sino un ser humano estético cuyo instinto fundamental es el juego y no la virtud. Por esto él, en toda su ingenuidad, se toma la libertad de jugar solo dialécticamente con cuestionamientos y antinomias de la moral y se exime de ser juzgado cuando a través del poema cuestiona los procederes absurdos de la condición humana. De ahí que el arte literario se erige como un discurso pertinente para el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y la constitución de una memoria moral y ética.
Educación y desarrollo humano en los contextos rurales
Authors: Serna Giraldo John Mario , Patiño Agudelo Samuel
Published: November 2018

Este es un artículo de revisión del tema que vincula las actuales perspectivas de la educación en el contexto rural y su importancia en el desarrollo humano. El artículo revisa los actuales estudios relacionados con las nuevas categorías que implican la educación en lo rural y que vinculan la tradición de la comunidad, las nuevas ruralidades, la comunidad, la valoración de la educación y las nuevas expectativas del desarrollo humano centrado en el bienestar subjetivo de las personas. La presente revisión interpreta el valor dado a la educación en el proceso del desarrollo humano en las comunidades rurales; aspecto que se viene estudiando con mucho interés en Colombia, luego de la firma de los Acuerdos de Paz.
Child Abuse, Incarceration, and Decisions About Life-sustaining Treatment
Authors: Mann Paul C. , Weiss Elliott Mark , Seltzer Rebecca R. , Dodge Rachel A.B. , Boss Renee D. , Lantos John D.
Published: November 2018

Most critical care interventions for children occur in the framework of a supportive environment with loving parents that are present at the bedside to help to guide medical interventions through shared decision-making. What happens, however, if the parents are precluded from being at the bedside because of legal entanglements? How should clinical decisions progress in those cases? In this Ethics Rounds, we present the case of an infant with severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy at birth whose mother was incarcerated shortly after delivery. We explore clinical and legal challenges that the medical team faces in determining best interests for the infant in this context and difficulties in deciding what therapies to provide and for how long.
Description of cocoon, last instar larva and pupa of Chrysis pulchella Spinola, 1888 (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)
Authors: Martynova K. V.
Published: November 2018

The cocoons of Chrysididae have never been specially studied previously. The cocoon structure of Chrysis pulchella Spinola, 1888 is described and illustrated in this contribution. It unexpectedly appeared to be similar to the cocoons of the species in the genera Trichrysis and Chrysidea. The studied cocoons of the mentioned chrysidids were attributed to the so called morphological type of thimble-shaped cocoons. Moreover, this similarity may possibly indicate the taxonomical linkage between the genera Trichrysis and Chrysidea from one hand, and the most rich in the number of species genus Chrysis though the pulchella species group. Only a small percentage of species in the family Chrysididae have the larval stage described (at any instar). The attempt to analyze the larval characters for these wasps had already been made, but there were many gaps in taxa studied. Present article contributes to fill this gap: the description of last instar larva of C. pulchella Spinola, 1888 is given herein. Several character states of this larva differ from these declared for the subfamily Chrysidinae, where C. pulchella belongs to. Similarly, the pupae of Chrysididae have never been studied, but the pupa in studied species is shown to have a set of unique structures absent in imago.
Zophobas atratus (Fabricius, 1775) – new genus and species of darkling beetles (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) for the fauna of Ukraine
Authors: Fursov V. N. , Cherney L. S.
Published: November 2018

Darkling beetle Zophobas atratus (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) is recorded here for the first time as a new species for the fauna of Ukraine. Detailed study on morphology of preimaginal stages and biology of this species recently introduced to Ukraine, is given here. Zophobas atratus is an important species being easily reared in laboratory cultures and widely distributed in North and South America, Europe, and Asia. Detailed descriptions of all life stages, including egg, young and older larvae, pupa and adult of Z. atratus are required for further taxonomical study of the genus Zophobas, which isn’t yet definitively established. New identification keys for adults and larvae of the genera of tribe Tenebrionini are presented here, based on a comparative analysis of the taxonomic characters of adults and larvae of Z. atratus and species from the genera Tenebrio and Neatus. Comparative analysis of morphology of larva of Z. atratus and larvae of the tribe Cteniopodini of close subfamily Alleculinae was conducted here. The subfamily Alleculinae previously had the rank of family Alleculidae, but our analysis confirmed the reliability of its current taxonomic position as subfamily. The study of morphology of larvae of 1st and 2nd instars of Z. atratus revealed that they are characterized by special taxonomic structures that are not characteristic for oldest instars of larvae of Z. atratus. These characters include absence of spines on caudal segment, presence of a set of 4 setae at posterior margin of tergites of prothorax, metathorax, and 1st to 8th abdominal segments, strongly convex 2nd antennal segment and sensory zone in the form of an open ring on its apex, and etc. Moreover, structure of antenna of larvae of Z. atratus is similar to that of oldest larvae of most species of darkling beetles of the fauna of Ukraine. The most distinctive features of Z. atratus are: sexual dimorphism in structure of clypeus of adults; filiform sclerotized antenna of larva with a continuous sensory zone at apex of 2nd segment, weakly developed 3rd segment; fusion of sclerotized pleurites of 1st–8th abdominal segments with their tergites; sexual dimorphism in structure of 9th abdominal segment of pupa, and presence of two hooks on apex of its appendages. The data of original study of features of life cycle of Z. atratus are given. The pictures and photos of details of morphology of egg, larvae, pupa and adult of Z. atratus are presented. It was recored that life cycle of Z. atratus from laying of egg to the emergence of adult continues from 169 up to 181 days. Adults lived maximum up to 206 days. Maturation of eggs in female after copulation continues 10-11 days. Stage of egg continues 7 days, larva – up to 151 days, including pre-pupal period from 6 to 22 days, pupa – from 8 to 21 days. Twelve larval stages of Z. atratus were recorded in laboratory culture.
The types of Chalcid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea), described by scientists of Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of sciences of Ukraine after 2012
Authors: Zerova M. D. , Simutnik S. A. , Fursov V. N. , Klymenko S. I. , Stetsenko I. T.
Published: November 2018

The list of type specimens of chalcid wasps of four families (Eurytomidae, Torymidae, Ormyridae, Encyrtidae) described by experts of Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences after 2012 is given. Data of original labels and reference to original description are given for each taxon. The catalogue includes types of 41 nominal taxa: Eurytomidae (15): Nikanoria deserta Zer., N. halimodendrae Zer., N. kazakhstanica Zer., N. leleji Zer., N. mongolica punctata Zer., N. orski Zer., N. pygmaea Zer., N. sugonjaevi Zer., Parabuchophagus rasnitsyni Zer., Eurytoma gleditsiae Zer. et Furs., E. koreana Zer. et Furs., E. trjapitzini Zer. et Klym., Torymidae (5): Idiomacromerus artusis Zer., I. persimilis Zer., Adontomerus centaurei Zer., A. trjapitzini Zer., Torymus leleji Zer. et Furs., Ormyridae (8): Ormyrus askanicus Zer., O. kasparyani Zer., O. nitens Zer., O. novus Zer., O. punctellus Zer., O. qurrayahi Zer., O. spadiceus Zer., O. sugonjaevi Zer., Encyrtidae (13): Rovnosoma gracile Simut., Eocencnemus sugonjaevi Simut., E. vichrenkoi Simut., Eocencyrtus zerovae Simut., Microterys ashkhabadensis mediterraneus Simut., M. hermonicus Simut., M. nevoi Simut., M. pavliceki Simut., M. vichrenkoi Simut., M. wasseri Simut., Encyrtus sugonjaevi Simut., Echthroplexiella talitzkyi Trjapitzin, Copidosoma trjapitzini Simut. The majority of type specimens are deposited in the collection of Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology (Kyiv, Ukraine). The depositories of all other type specimens are indicated.
Effects of burning and weed control on vegetation cover and soil organic matter compartments in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Lisbôa Fabrício Marinho
Published: November 2018

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos de la quema y el control manual de especies invasoras sobre la cubierta vegetal y la distribución de la materia orgánica en la capa superficial de un Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo cubierto de la gramínea Urochloa brizantha. Los muestreos se hicieron en cinco sitios de la pastura y en un área de bosque. Las muestras de suelo fueron recolectadas entre 0 y 5 cm de profundidad en el suelo para determinar la respiración acumulada, el carbono de la biomasa microbiana (CBM), la materia orgánica leve, el carbono orgánico total (COT), el carbono soluble en agua y la relación CBM:COT. Se identificaron tres tipos de cobertura con la gramínea: (1) grupo I con 33.5% de suelo descubierto, (2) grupo 2 con 90% de cobertura y (3) grupo 3 con 53.4% de cobertura de especies invasoras. El valor más alto de COT se encontró en bosque (36.52 g/kg). El valor acumulado más alto de la respiración en el suelo se observó en el grupo 3 (2.6 mg/kg) y las relaciones CBM:COT más altas en el bosque y el grupo 3 (0.0138 y 0.0156, respectivamente). El valor más alto de carbono soluble en agua se observó en el bosque (21.08 mg/kg). No se encontraron diferencias en CBM y materia orgánica leve. Por tanto, el alto porcentaje de cobertura de U. brizantha favorece altos valores de COT y de carbono soluble en agua. La mayor diversidad de especies en la gramínea favoreció una mayor diversidad de la materia orgánica en el suelo y aumentó la actividad microbiana.
Solving ethical dilemmas in international healthcare professional education: A case study using a revised ethical model in East Africa
Authors: Thomas Kate , Smith James , Phillips J Dwight , Falkenheimer Shari
Published: November 2018

Ethical issues frequently arise during the practice of clinical medicine and when providing medical education. These issues become particularly challenging when practicing and teaching medicine cross-culturally. In this case study in a family medicine residency program in East Africa, a structured approach to managing ethical challenges effectively was found to assist in overcoming a conflict about potentially removing a seemingly incompetent medical trainee from a residency program. The step-wise approach includes identifying relevant stakeholders; agreeing on actual background facts; understanding the various goals and values involved in the situation; reviewing locally applicable ethical, professional and legal standards; acknowledging limitations in various options to resolve the issues; and analyzing risks and benefits of the various courses of action.
Principles to guide a volunteer humanitarian faith-based short-term medical mission in Nepal: A case study
Authors: Houweling Rebecca , Astle Barbara
Published: November 2018

Global health inequities, natural disasters, and mass migration of refugees have led to an increase in volunteer humanitarian responses worldwide. While well intentioned for doing good, there is an increasing awareness of the importance for improved preparation for international volunteers involved in short-term medical missions (STMMs). This case study describes the retrospective application of Lasker’s (2016) Principles for Maximizing the Benefits for Volunteer Health Trips to international volunteers from two faith-based non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Canada and the United States partnering with a faith-based NGO in Nepal. These principles are intended to maximize the benefits and diminish challenges that may develop between the international volunteers and the host country staff. Lessons from this case study highlight the importance of applying such principles to foster responsible STMMs. In conclusion, there is an increasing call by host country staff for collaborative and standardized guidelines or frameworks for STMMs and other global health activities.
The XVI International Christian Medical and Dental Associations’ World Congress
Authors: Kurapati Indira , O’Neill Daniel W.
Published: November 2018

Conference report on the 16th World Congress Meeting in Hyderabad, India
RESEARCH ON NEARSHORE WAVE CONDITIONS AT NHAT LE COASTAL AREA (QUANG BINH PROVINCE) BY USING MIKE21-SW
Authors: Dinh Cham Dao , Quang Minh Nguyen , Thai Son Nguyen , Van Cu Nguyen
Published: November 2018

Research on marine dynamics, including coastal wave motions, is a concern of countries in the world in general and Vietnam in particular. Coastal wave dynamics has a direct impact on human activities including coastal construction, shipping, irrigation, aquatic resources exploitation, etc. The coastal area of Nhat Le, Quang Binh is one of the areas strongly influenced by the coastal wave regime which increases the risk of coastal erosion, estuarine sedimentation, destroys the economic life, affects marine fishing and directly affects the tourist beach area. This article aims to introduce some research results based on the application of MIKE21-SW model of the Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI) to simulate coastal wave regime in Nhat Le coastal zone, Quang Binh province. The model results are verified by real-time wave data in long-term from the WaMoS® II Radar System at Quang Binh station. The results show that there are many similarities in wave height and direction between the computational model and the actual observation data from the radar system. This result will be an important basis for research and application for coastal protection, reduction in river mouth sedimentation, clearing and flood drainage in the study area.
Arsenate and Arsenite Reaction Kinetics with Ferric Hydroxides Using Quantum Chemical Calculations
Authors: George Cijin J. , Santra Sougata , Zyryanov G. V. , Giri Kousik
Published: November 2018

The knowledge of the mechanism involved in the process of adsorption and desorption of arsenate and arsenite with ferric hydroxides is important to address the water toxicity problems and to tackle the adverse effect of these substances in nature. An essential outcome of previous studies on the kinetics of the arsenate adsorption on aluminum and iron oxide was that the adsorption is a two-phase (bi-phase) process. Quantum mechanical calculations using density functional theory were used to determine the thermodynamic variables governing the adsorption process to get an insight into the stability of the complexes formed. The previous investigation showed that the positively charged ferric hydroxide cluster had better stability at neutral pH. The chemisorbed charged monodentate complexes had Gibbs free energy of reaction -55.97 kcal/mol where the bidentate complex formation had Gibbs free energy of reaction -62.55 kcal/mol. The bidentate complex having a negative charge had more Gibbs free energy of reaction compared to uncharged one. The results of the study indicate that Gibbs free energy for the reaction has a significant role in controlling the kinetics of the adsorption and sorption process of arsenate on ferric hydroxide clusters.
Phase relations in the Me2MoO4–In2(MoO4)3–Hf(MoO4)2 systems, where Me = Li, K, Tl, Rb, Cs
Authors: Bazarova J. G. , Tushinova Yu. L. , Grossman V. G. , Bazarova Ts. T. , Bazarov B. G. , Kurbatov R. V.
Published: November 2018

The Me2MoO4–In2(MoO4)3–Hf(MoO4)2 systems where Me = Li, K, Tl, Rb, Cs were studied in the subsolidus region using an X-ray powder diffraction. Quasi-binary joins were revealed, and triangulation carried out. The formation of ternary molybdates Me5InHf(MoO4)6  for Me = K, Tl, Rb, Cs and Мe2InHf2(MoO4)6.5 for Me = Rb, Cs was established.
Financial Costs Incurred by Living Kidney Donors: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Przech Sebastian , Garg Amit X. , Arnold Jennifer B. , Barnieh Lianne , Cuerden Meaghan S. , Dipchand Christine , Feldman Liane , Gill John S. , Karpinski Martin , Knoll Greg , Lok Charmaine , Miller Matthew , Monroy Mauricio , Nguan Chris , Prasad G.V. Ramesh , Sarma Sisira , Sontrop Jessica M. , Storsley Leroy , Klarenbach Scott ,   on behalf of the Donor Nephrectomy Outcomes Research (DONOR) Network
Published: November 2018

Background

Approximately 40% of the kidneys for transplant worldwide come from living donors. Despite advantages of living donor transplants, rates have stagnated in recent years. One possible barrier may be costs related to the transplant process that potential willing donors may incur for travel, parking, accommodation, and lost productivity.

Methods

To better understand and quantify the financial costs incurred by living kidney donors, we conducted a prospective cohort study, recruiting 912 living kidney donors from 12 transplant centers across Canada between 2009 and 2014; 821 of them completed all or a portion of the costing survey. We report microcosted total, out-of-pocket, and lost productivity costs (in 2016 Canadian dollars) for living kidney donors from donor evaluation start to 3 months after donation. We examined costs according to (1) the donor’s relationship with their recipient, including spousal (donation to a partner), emotionally related nonspousal (friend, step-parent, in law), or genetically related; and (2) donation type (directed, paired kidney, or nondirected).

Results

Living kidney donors incurred a median (75th percentile) of $1254 ($2589) in out-of-pocket costs and $0 ($1908) in lost productivity costs. On average, total costs were $2226 higher in spousal compared with emotionally related nonspousal donors (P=0.02) and $1664 higher in directed donors compared with nondirected donors (P<0.001). Total costs (out-of-pocket and lost productivity) exceeded $5500 for 205 (25%) donors.

Conclusions

Our results can be used to inform strategies to minimize the financial burden of living donation, which may help improve the donation experience and increase the number of living donor kidney transplants.
Hundert Jahre «SM». Aufschreibesysteme um 1980
Authors: Stadler Max , Grütter Fabian
Published: November 2018

1982 markiert für die Forschungs- und Ausbildungsstätten für Kurzscrhift und Mschinenschreiben in Bayreuth ein ganz besonders Jahr: Die erste "nachweisliche" in Deutschland hergestellte Schreibmaschine, die Hammonia", beging ihr hundertstes Jubiläum. Um das Ereignis gebuhrend zu feiern, versuchte der Verein, beim Bundespostministerum die Herausgabe einer Sonderbriefmarke zu erwirken - vergeblich. Der "Wunsch", so die ernüchternde Rückmeldung, "nach Konterfeis solch bedeutender Häupter wie Goethes (150. Todestag), Wilhelm Buschs (150. Geburtstag) und Franz von Assisis (800. Geburtstag)" überwog. Sogar an "Ziersträuchern und Rosen" war der Post mehr gelegen.
Wanderwege aus dem Alten Orient. Ein Gespräch
Authors: Schrott Raoul
Published: November 2018

Martin Muslow: Wie sind Sie auf die Babylonier gekommen? Um 1900 war die babylonische Kultur, der Babel-Bibel-Streit, noch sehr präsent im allgemeinen Gedächtnis, aber diese Spuren sind zurückgegangen. Raoul Schrott: Eine Affinität zum arabischen Raum hatte ich bereits, weil ich in Tunis in die Schule gegangen bin und dort Lesen und schreiben gelernt habe. Vormittags auf Französisch und nachmittags auf Arabisch, einmal von links nach rechts und einmal von rechts nach links.