bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"A vida é mais forte do que as teorias" o psicólogo nos serviços de atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Soares Teresa Cristina
Published: August 2012

O artigo traz uma reflexão acerca do papel e da função do psicólogo nos serviços de atenção primária à saúde a partir da apresentação de relatos da bibliografia sobre a atuação desse profissional em unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) e no Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF). Mostra exemplos concretos de atuação a partir de vários referenciais teóricos da Psicologia. Discorre sobre a formação do psicólogo, ainda eminentemente clínica e de caráter elitista, com pouco enfoque nas questões de saúde pública do País e na necessidade de se repensar o ensino em função das demandas e necessidades da população.
Aquisição de linguagem: uma contribuição para o debate sobre autismo e subjetividade
Authors: Rêgo Fabiana Lins Browne , Carvalho Glória Maria Monteiro de
Published: August 2012

O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu numa tentativa de relacionar a linguagem de uma criança, numa fase inicial de sua trajetória lingüística, com a verbalização de um adolescente portador de autismo. A partir dessa tentativa, procurou-se levantar questões sobre o polêmico debate que envolve autismo e subjetividade, assumindo a hipótese de que o autista ocupa uma posição subjetiva diante da língua. Nessa perspectiva, pôde-se propor que, embora as produções do autista se constituíssem como blocos ecolálicos, em certos momentos, parecia haver quebras e recombinações desses blocos, assemelhando-se, de algum modo, ao movimento que ocorria na fala da criança considerada "normal". Tais quebras e recombinações poderiam indicar que, em algum instante, o autista teria sido afetado pelo funcionamento da língua e que não estaria, portanto, num limbo fora da linguagem, ou seja, num mundo não-humano.
A crítica freudiana ao reducionismo biológico
Authors: Masiero André Luis , Oliveira André Luis Muniz de , Ragnoli Fabiano Amantéa , Gozzoli Larissa Canella
Published: August 2012

Atualmente ressurge uma tendência reducionista biológica no âmbito da psicanálise. Neste ensaio, apresentamos a forma como Freud empreendeu sua crítica contra essa concepção através de duas rupturas epistemológicas: a teoria sexual e a teoria dos sonhos.
Os aprendizes das ruas e a tríade educação, trabalho e cidadania
Authors: Lima Silvana Mendes
Published: August 2012

Este estudo analisa a tríade educação, trabalho e cidadania, trazendo à cena a presença dos educadores de rua junto aos aprendizes das calçadas que, na década de 90, retomam as ruas da cidade como local privilegiado de construção de suas existências. A partir da interferência de uma acepção de cidadania a ser produzida, novos sentidos vão-se constituindo com relação ao significado do trabalho na vida de meninos e meninas que circulam nas ruas da cidade. Nas ações empreendidas por esses educadores, a questão do trabalho como única saída para crianças e jovens empobrecidos perde a proeminência, tornando-se apenas uma das dimensões que a vida comporta. Diante dos aprendizes das ruas, buscamos dar visibilidade à multiplicidade de vínculos, variações e peculiaridades estabelecidas nos afazeres entre educadores e aprendizes: espaço de convivência, de socialização, do exercício do lúdico, da expansão de habilidades artísticas, entre outros, configurando-se em práticas educativas inovadoras.
Inserção tecnológica no trabalho: etnografia das significações profissionais de bombeiros
Authors: Toassi Andresa Jaqueline , Stolf Michele Caroline , Oliveira Micheline Ramos de
Published: August 2012

Nas últimas décadas, as transformações paradigmáticas decorrentes principalmente da inserção tecnológica em vários âmbitos, incluindo as trabalhistas, levou os sujeitos a necessidades inéditas de compreensão. O artigo resulta, assim, de uma de pesquisa com o objetivo de realizar um estudo etnográfico do cotidiano de trabalho de soldados do corpo de bombeiros da cidade de Rio do Sul, em Santa Catarina, buscando apreender o sentido dado por esses profissionais ao seu trabalho e ao uso de novas tecnologias no ambiente profissional. Para tanto, foram utilizados métodos qualitativos como a observação participante, a etnografia do cotidiano e entrevistas individuais, nas quais, por teorizações progressivas e análises concomitantes ao desenvolver da pesquisa, buscou-se a compreensão dos sentidos atribuídos pelos soldados à realidade vivenciada, através da criação de núcleos de significações do discurso, chegando-se a conclusão de que, para os bombeiros, as tecnologias constituem-se em aliadas, auxiliando e facilitando o desenvolvimento do seu trabalho.
Possibilidades de atuação do psicólogo no programa saúde da família: a experiência de Bonito-MS
Authors: Bittencourt Rosane Aparecida do Amaral , Mateus Marina Lopes Fontoura
Published: August 2012

O trabalho resulta de estudo realizado junto aos participantes do Programa de Saúde da Família - PSF, no município de Bonito, no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, no ano de 2003. O estudo objetivou identificar as possibilidades de atuação do psicólogo nas equipes de PSF, por meio da opinião dos profissionais e usuários. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se de questionários para a coleta dos dados. Os resultados apontaram que a atuação do psicólogo junto à equipe, orientando ou atendendo a demanda por saúde mental, proporciona atendimento integral e resolutividade nos serviços ofertados, por meio de ações interdisciplinares. Destaca-se a promoção da integração entre os membros da equipe e, desta com a comunidade. Tem uma importante contribuição na promoção da saúde, desenvolvendo ações educativas/preventivas; além disso, favorece a humanização do atendimento, por ser um profissional que ouve e orienta os profissionais, os indivíduos e, as famílias.
Sobrevivendo à tempestade: a influência do tratamento oncológico de um filho na dinâmica conjugal
Authors: Steffen Bárbara Cristina , Castoldi Luciana
Published: August 2012

O diagnóstico de câncer infantil altera o padrão de funcionamento familiar, fazendo com que a atenção dos pais se concentre sobre o filho doente. Por essa razão, é freqüente a relação conjugal perder espaço, o que pode levar ao aumento da incidência de conflitos entre os cônjuges. O presente estudo tem por objetivo investigar a influência que o acompanhamento do tratamento oncológico do filho exerce sobre a conjugalidade. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, da qual participaram três casais cujos filhos realizavam tratamento oncológico em um hospital pediátrico. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de entrevistas semidirigidas, que foram gravadas, transcritas e submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados encontrados apontam a necessidade de intervenções dentro do âmbito hospitalar no sentido de minimizar conflitos e resgatar a conjugalidade. Este artigo, pois, apresenta algumas possibilidades de intervenção.
Psicanálise, universidade e capital intelectual
Authors: Scotti Sérgio
Published: August 2012

este artigo trata da relação problemática entre a psicanálise e a universidade, tendo como ponto de partida o questionamento de uma prática produtivista na academia que aparece de forma sintomática na desvalorização do livro em relação aos artigos. Tal sintoma revela, em sua análise, o retorno do discurso capitalista no âmbito do discurso universitário, a partir do que se faz uma crítica à ciência em geral e à Psicologia em particular, tendo como referência a distinção entre saber e verdade na psicanálise e o conceito de Real de Lacan.
Educacão infantil na Noruega
Authors: Lordelo Eulina da Rocha , Rothle Monika
Published: August 2012

Em comparação com os demais países nórdicos, a Noruega tem uma história mais recente de educação infantil. Um sistema disseminado e com forte financiamento público só se tornou disponível a partir dos anos 70. A descrição desse sistema de educação infantil contida neste artigo inclui um breve histórico, informações sobre financiamento, responsabilidades e custos, disposições legais sobre pessoal - formação necessária e condições de trabalho, bem como instalações, equipamentos e materiais. Todo o sistema é regulado por legislação nacional, preservando ampla liberdade de planejamento e ação para as próprias instituições e o pessoal envolvido. Os objetivos e metas, conteúdos e métodos, a pedagogia como idéias sustentadas e práticas assumidas constituem o foco central do artigo, especialmente a ênfase dedicada à brincadeira e ao trabalho criativo. Acompanhando o relato, o artigo propõe algumas comparações com a situação brasileira, enfatizando as diferenças legais, culturais e pedagógicas que podem ser observadas nos dois sistemas, buscando-se refletir sobre lições que podem ser extraídas e usadas na avaliação do sistema de educação infantil no Brasil.
A supervisão de estágio em psicologia hospitalar no curso de graduação: relato de uma experiência
Authors: Guedes Carla Ribeiro
Published: August 2012

O presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar uma experiência de supervisão de estágio em Psicologia hospitalar no curso de graduação. Para essa análise, recorreu-se à própria vivência como supervisora de estágio em uma universidade, na cidade de Resende, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Este relato enfocou o período de março de 2003 a julho de 2005, e foi baseado nas observações das condutas e nas falas dos estagiários durante as supervisões. Ao longo desse período, foram observados 26 (vinte e seis estagiários), que tiveram quatro grandes dificuldades durante o processo de estágio: inserção no contexto hospitalar, contato com o paciente, atuação junto aos familiares e relacionamento com a equipe de saúde. Para cada um desses impasses, foram apresentadas estratégias usadas em supervisão a fim de que esses obstáculos pudessem ser superados. Concluímos que a supervisão de estágio ocupa um papel fundamental na suplantação das dificuldades apresentadas.
Intervenções psicossociais no sistema carcerário feminino
Authors: Guedes Marcela Ataide
Published: August 2012

Um dos meios de percepção do crescimento da violência na sociedade atual pode ser mensurado pelo aumento da população carcerária, o que pode favorecer a violação dos direitos humanos. Considerando os poucos dados disponíveis, o presente trabalho buscou investigar essa população, visando a contribuir para a produção de conhecimento sobre esse grupo. Por meio do plantão psicológico, realizado numa delegacia de Belo Horizonte, MG, acolhemos demandas espontâneas de sessenta e sete mulheres, de agosto de 2004 a julho de 2005. A faixa etária das mulheres variou de dezoito a quarenta e dois anos, e o tempo de prisão, de um a trinta e seis meses. A análise temática dos assuntos abordados pelas mulheres aprisionadas salientou características como o cotidiano prisional, a maternidade/relações familiares, as vivências amorosas internas/externas e as relações de gênero. Foram apontadas estratégias individuais e coletivas que visam a facilitar a dinâmica interna cotidiana: o apego aos filhos/familiares, as práticas religiosas, as oficinas de artesanato, o trabalho na limpeza e as relações amorosas internas.
Sofrimento na vigilância prisional: o trabalho e a atenção em saúde mental
Authors: Rumin Cassiano Ricardo
Published: August 2012

Neste trabalho, apresentaremos uma caracterização das condições de trabalho dos agentes de segurança penitenciária (ASPs) e uma intervenção que culminou com a constituição de um espaço para o acolhimento do sofrimento psíquico dos trabalhadores. Realizamos trinta entrevistas semidirigidas individuais com ASPs de uma unidade prisional de regime fechado. O discurso dos ASPs apontou as seguintes situações ansiogênicas: risco constante de exposição à violência física no cotidiano prisional, temor em relação à segurança de seus familiares, exposição a doenças como tuberculose, hepatite C e HIV, percepção da degradação da saúde mental, trabalho monótono e sensação de enclausuramento em algumas funções, representação social pejorativa desse trabalho pela comunidade, baixa remuneração e restrição dos serviços de saúde oferecidos aos ASPs e seus dependentes. Após o reconhecimento dos determinantes de agravo à saúde, organizamos um espaço de escuta aos trabalhadores com a participação de graduandos que realizavam estágio profissionalizante em Psicologia. Esse espaço evoluiu da mobilização subjetiva para o enfrentamento das dinâmicas disciplinares institucionais às dinâmicas afetivas dos trabalhadores e ofereceu acolhida ao seu sofrimento, tendo sido organizado numa modalidade de atenção emergencial em saúde mental e em encontros individuais com os trabalhadores.
Subjetividade e estratégias de resistência na prisão
Authors: Guimarães Cristian Fabiano , Meneghel Stela Nazareth , Oliveira Carmen Silveira de
Published: August 2012

Este estudo aborda a produção de subjetividade num presídio brasileiro de regime semi-aberto, com homens albergados. O objetivo da pesquisa foi compreender os modos de subjetivação e identificar as estratégias de resistência como táticas de enfrentamento às violências. Construiu-se um processo investigativo cartográfico, utilizando como ferramentas a observação participante, a fotografia, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e a análise de documentos. Além disso, foi organizado um grupo-dispositivo, que buscou identificar e disparar resistências. Constatou-se a existência de modos de subjetivação delinqüentes no presídio e o uso de resistências reativas, como a vitimização e o consumo abusivo de drogas. Entre as resistências ativas que os albergados encontram para sobreviver no presídio, estão: os códigos internos, as produções artísticas e a ruptura com o discurso de vítima. Este artigo valoriza a produção de subjetividades dos apenados e mostra existir resistência no cotidiano da prisão.
Previsão de vida em tubos de caldeiras com base na medição da espessura da camada de óxido por ultrassom
Authors: Cardoso B. R. , Comeli F.W. , Santana R. M. , Furtado H. C.
Published: August 2012

Falhas em tubos de caldeiras são as maiores causas de paradas forçadas de unidades de geração termelétrica, sendo que a espessura da camada de óxido, que se forma na parede interna destes tubos é a principal causadora de falhas por sobreaquecimento. A partir dos valores medidos da camada interna de óxidos é possível estimar a vida residual do componente através de correlações com parâmetros já estabelecidos na comunidade científica. O Cepel vem desenvolvendo metodologias para estimativa de vida residual de componentes de caldeiras de usinas termelétricas, seguindo as tendências mundiais e as necessidades de seus clientes no Brasil. Com a recente aquisição de equipamento para detecção de defeitos e medições de espessura via ultrassom, tornou-se possível realizar medidas de espessura tanto da parede das tubulações das caldeiras como da camada interna de óxidos presente nas mesmas. O presente artigo apresenta uma comparação entre os resultados de medições de espessura de camada de óxidos em tubos pela técnica não destrutiva de ultrassom e pela técnica destrutiva de metalografia associada à microscopia ótica, em diferentes faixas de espessura da camada e análise do efeito do acabamento superficial na confiabilidade destes resultados por ultrassom. Finalmente, o trabalho analisa de maneira crítica os resultados de vida remanescente, obtidos a partir da medição espessura de camada de óxido. Para esta análise tomou-se como base tubos de uma mesma unidade geradora com diferentes valores de camada de óxido e com o mesmo tempo de operação.
Shear design of HSC beams with combination of links and horizontal web steel
Authors: Motamed Jubin , Al-Hussaini Abbas , Alani Amir Morteza
Published: August 2012

The existing recommendations in Eurocode 2 and the British Code of Practice for the shear design of beams are derived from research conducted essentially on normal-strength concrete (NSC) with cube strengths up to 50 MPa, and it was found that the shear strengths of high-strength concrete (HSC) members made with limestone aggregate are below the characteristic resistances of identical NSC members. Previous experimental tests have also shown that significant differences exist in the angle of crack of shear failure of NSC and HSC. This paper presents data from five beam tests, which demonstrate that HSC with limestone aggregate has a reduced shear strength compared with NSC made with gravel and thus shows a gap in knowledge in the design approach to shear resistance of HSC beams. Previous investigations have suggested that horizontal web steels can contribute to the overall shear resistance of a reinforced concrete member in conjunction with the other constituents, concrete, tension and shear steel. The paper also presents data from tests on 11 beam tests and shows that the shear resistance of HSC beams is highly dependent on dowel action resulting from horizontal web bars positioned at the centre of the depth of the beam. Past attempts to quantify this dowel action are investigated and an improved design rule is proposed.
‘With’ and not ‘to’ – the key to unlocking communities
Authors: Andrew Robin M.
Published: August 2012

In recent many important major infrastructure projects at both a local and national level have been significantly delayed and in some cases stopped because of a failure to obtain appropriate approval and levels of community acceptance. This report considers this first in the historical context, and then in the context of the UK since the Second World War. The topic is considered from a number of perspectives and topical case studies are used to illustrate how developing legislation linked with innovative techniques will allow engineers to work ‘with’ local communities, as opposed to doing things ‘to’ them. Hopefully, this will allow infrastructure projects at both a local and strategic level to be taken forward at an appropriate scale and expediency. The paper further identifies some of the skills engineers will need to do this, some ‘do’s and ‘don’t's, and concludes with some newly developing tools and techniques that provide opportunities for the future.
Engineering to reduce crime and disorder in public places
Authors: Gilbertson Alan , Hayes Alan
Published: August 2012

The prevention of crime, disorder and terrorism in public places is high on the public's agenda. The riots across the UK, during the summer of 2011, illustrated the vulnerability of public places and their vulnerability to acts of disorder and a range of crimes. The design of public places can be technically complex in order to address the range of stakeholder requirements, including pedestrians, vehicles, residents, visitors, workers and business owners. Planners and designers may focus attention on the spatial and aesthetic properties of public places while paying due regard to long-term operational management and resilience issues. The construction industry research and information association (Ciria) has recently issued a new publication Addressing Crime and Disorder in Public Places through Planning and Design. This paper provides a summary and overview of the document.
Improving public services through open data: public toilets
Authors: Bichard Jo-Anne , Knight Gail
Published: August 2012

Everyone needs access to toilet facilities, but such provision outside the home can be hard to find. For those with common medical conditions and older people, this issue is critical for their continued independence, quality of life and wellbeing. In the UK there is no legal requirement for local authorities to provide ‘public’ toilets, nor is there a central source of information on provision, location, access and opening times. This paper presents a case study of The Great British Public Toilet Map – a web-based information service, derived from public-sector open data. The release of data held by the UK government, under open licence, could improve transparency, accountability and help to improve public services through the reuse of such data by designers, developers and public-led campaigns for more toilet provision.
An analysis of gender when creating a water engineering course
Authors: Paul Parneet
Published: August 2012

The aim of this research was to create a fully engaged pedagogic postgraduate course in water engineering that was dovetailed to meet the needs of overseas engineering students from developing countries, and more especially female candidates, as they are currently grossly underrepresented in this sector. A standard Likert-type questionnaire was prepared and given to appropriate participants attending the ‘Technological advances and challenges in water reclamation and reuse’ workshop held at the National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan; 51 responses were recorded, with 19 female respondents. A statistical analysis was carried out on the responses to ascertain any variation based on gender. Some significant differences were recorded, with the female students appearing to favour a more cautious approach as a learning style while seeming slightly more ambitious than their male counterparts. Further research work is needed in this area to confirm these initial findings.
Climate co-benefits of water quality trading in the Chesapeake Bay watershed
Authors: Gasper Rebecca R. , Selman Mindy , Ruth Matthias
Published: August 2012

Water quality markets are gaining worldwide popularity as strategies to provide flexibility and cost savings to sources managing pollution. One prominent example is the establishment of water quality trading programs in the Chesapeake Bay watershed in the United States to manage nonpoint and point source pollution. Some of the agricultural land use practices that can be used to generate offsets in water quality markets in this region have other environmental benefits including greenhouse gas (GHG) sequestration. This study describes the structure of Maryland's water quality trading program, its climate co-benefits and its potential link with GHG markets. Results reveal that Maryland's agricultural sector could offset half of its GHG emissions by 2020 through projects primarily designed to improve water quality. The potential opportunity for agricultural sources to participate in multiple markets could provide incentives for the adoption of management practices that have climate co-benefits. The results of this study could guide the continued development of multiple markets in the Bay watershed and other regions of the world where ecosystem markets play a role in pollution management.
Export Processing Zones in the Dominican Republic: Implications for the United States
Authors: Lindeke William A.
Published: August 2012

I entered the high, barbed-fenced area under a flat-arched sign reading: “ZONA FRANCA.” The neatly laid-out streets and cheap, warehouse buildings reminded me of internment camps from the Second World War. Peering past the shotgun-toting guard into the high shell of a building, I saw row upon row of women, sitting at identical tables with identical postures, surrounded by identical piles of cloth stacked beside identical sewing machines. I had entered the brave new world of the Export Processing Zone in San Pedro de Macoris in the Dominican Republic.
Ensuring That Monitoring is Not Co-Opted
Authors: Bernard Elaine
Published: August 2012

This commentary was a presentation to the Independent Monitoring Forum Sponsored by the National Labor Committee on April 4, 1997 in New York.
UCP3 Regulates Cardiac Efficiency and Mitochondrial Coupling in High Fat–Fed Mice but Not in Leptin-Deficient Mice
Authors: Boudina Sihem , Han Yong Hwan , Pei Shaobo , Tidwell Timothy J. , Henrie Brandon , Tuinei Joseph , Olsen Curtis , Sena Sandra , Abel E. Dale
Published: August 2012

These studies investigate the role of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) in cardiac energy metabolism, cardiac O2 consumption (MVO2), cardiac efficiency (CE), and mitochondrial uncoupling in high fat (HF)–fed or leptin-deficient mice. UCP3KO and wild-type (WT) mice were fed normal chow or HF diets for 10 weeks. Substrate utilization rates, MVO2, CE, and mitochondrial uncoupling were measured in perfused working hearts and saponin-permeabilized cardiac fibers, respectively. Similar analyses were performed in hearts of ob/ob mice lacking UCP3 (U3OB mice). HF increased cardiac UCP3 protein. However, fatty acid (FA) oxidation rates were similarly increased by HF diet in WT and UCP3KO mice. By contrast, MVO2 increased in WT, but not in UCP3KO with HF, leading to increased CE in UCP3KO mice. Consistent with increased CE, mitochondrial coupling was increased in the hearts of HF-fed UCP3KO mice. Unexpectedly, UCP3 deletion in ob/ob mice reduced FA oxidation but had no effect on MVO2 or CE. In addition, FA-induced mitochondrial uncoupling was similarly enhanced in U3OB compared with ob/ob hearts and was associated with elevated mitochondrial thioesterase-1 protein content. These studies show that although UCP3 may mediate mitochondrial uncoupling and reduced CE after HF feeding, it does not mediate uncoupling in leptin-deficient states.
Poverty Increases Type 2 Diabetes Incidence and Inequality of Care Despite Universal Health Coverage
Authors: Hsu Chih-Cheng , Lee Cheng-Hua , Wahlqvist Mark L. , Huang Hsiao-Ling , Chang Hsing-Yi , Chen Likwang , Shih Shu-Fang , Shin Shyi-Jang , Tsai Wen-Chen , Chen Ted , Huang Chi-Ting , Cheng Jur-Shan
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE

The discrepancy of diabetes incidence and care between socioeconomic statuses has seldom been studied concurrently in nations with universal health coverage. We aimed to delineate whether income disparity is associated with diabetes incidence and inequality of care under a national health insurance (NHI) program in Asia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

From the Taiwan NHI database in 2000, a representative cohort aged ≥20 years and free of diabetes (n = 600,662) were followed up until 2005. We regarded individuals exempt from paying the NHI premium as being poor. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were used to discover any excess risk of diabetes in the poor population. The indicators used to evaluate quality of diabetes care included the proportion of diabetic patients identified through hospitalization, visits to diabetes clinics, and completion of recommended diabetes tests.

RESULTS

The incidence of type 2 diabetes in the poor population was 20.4 per 1,000 person-years (HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3–1.7). Compared with their middle-income counterparts, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the poor population incidentally identified as having diabetes through hospitalization was 2.2 (P < 0.001). Poor persons with diabetes were less likely to visit any diabetes clinic (OR, 0.4; P < 0.001). The ORs for the poor population with diabetes to receive tests for glycated hemoglobin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and retinopathy were 0.6 (0.4–0.9), 0.4 (0.2–0.7), 0.5 (0.4–0.8), and 0.4 (0.2–0.9), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Poverty is associated not only with higher diabetes incidence but also with inequality of diabetes care in a northeast Asian population, despite universal health coverage.
Mortality Among Low-Income African Americans and Whites With Diabetes
Authors: Conway Baqiyyah N. , May Michael E. , Blot William J.
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE

To estimate mortality rates and risk factors for mortality in a low-socioeconomic status (SES) population of African Americans and whites with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We determined mortality among African Americans and whites aged 40–79 years with (n = 12,498) and without (n = 49,914) diabetes at entry into a cohort of participants recruited from government-funded community health centers. Multivariable Cox analysis was used to estimate mortality hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CI) among those with versus those without diabetes and among those with diabetes according to patient characteristics.

RESULTS

During follow-up (mean 5.9 years), 13.5% of those with and 7.3% of those without diabetes died. All-cause mortality risk was higher among those with versus without diabetes for both African Americans (HR 1.84 [95% CI 1.71–1.99]) and whites (1.80 [1.58–2.04]), although among those with diabetes, mortality was lower among African Americans than whites (0.78 [0.69–0.87]). Mortality risk increased with duration of diabetes and was greater among patients on insulin therapy and reporting histories of cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, and stroke. The HRs associated with these multiple risk factors tended to be similar by sex and race, with the exception of a differentially higher impact of prevalent CVD on mortality among African Americans (interaction P value = 0.03), despite a lower baseline prevalence of CVD.

CONCLUSIONS

In this population with similarly low SES and access to health care, strong and generally similar predictors of mortality were identified for African Americans and whites with diabetes, with African Americans at a moderately but significantly lower mortality risk.
Medication Nonadherence in Diabetes
Authors: Egede Leonard E. , Gebregziabher Mulugeta , Dismuke Clara E. , Lynch Cheryl P. , Axon R. Neal , Zhao Yumin , Mauldin Patrick D.
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE

To examine the longitudinal effects of medication nonadherence (MNA) on key costs and estimate potential savings from increased adherence using a novel methodology that accounts for shared correlation among cost categories.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Veterans with type 2 diabetes (740,195) were followed from January 2002 until death, loss to follow-up, or December 2006. A novel multivariate, generalized, linear, mixed modeling approach was used to assess the differential effect of MNA, defined as medication possession ratio (MPR) ≥0.8 on healthcare costs. A sensitivity analysis was performed to assess potential cost savings at different MNA levels using the Consumer Price Index to adjust estimates to 2012 dollar value.

RESULTS

Mean MPR for the full sample over 5 years was 0.78, with a mean of 0.93 for the adherent group and 0.58 for the MNA group. In fully adjusted models, all annual cost categories increased ∼3% per year (P = 0.001) during the 5-year study time period. MNA was associated with a 37% lower pharmacy cost, 7% lower outpatient cost, and 41% higher inpatient cost. Based on sensitivity analyses, improving adherence in the MNA group would result in annual estimated cost savings ranging from ∼$661 million (MPR <0.6 vs. ≥0.6) to ∼$1.16 billion (MPR <1 vs. 1). Maximal incremental annual savings would occur by raising MPR from <0.8 to ≥0.8 ($204,530,778) among MNA subjects.

CONCLUSIONS

Aggressive strategies and policies are needed to achieve optimal medication adherence in diabetes. Such approaches may further the so-called “triple aim” of achieving better health, better quality care, and lower cost.
Jerzy Toeplitz in IPN (Nationale Memory Institute) documents
Authors: Skotarczak Dorota
Published: August 2012

Profesor Jerzy Toeplitz w świetle źródeł IPN
The shaping of the Lutheran teaching profession and Lutheran families of teachers in the 16th and 17th centuries
Authors: Bernát Libor
Published: August 2012

The shaping of the Lutheran teaching profession and Lutheran families of teachers in the 16th and 17th centuries

The article deals with changes in the status of teachers and the shaping of Lutheran families of teachers in the 16th and 17th centuries in the Trenčín, Liptov and Orava districts of the superintendency. It describes the formation of the families and their background.
Bibliography on birds of prey and owls in Slovakia. Part 4. Order Strigiformes, genera Tyto, Otus, Bubo, Strix, Surnia, Glaucidium, Athene, Aegolius & Asio
Authors: Uhrin Marcel , Danko Štefan , Latková Hana
Published: August 2012

Bibliography on birds of prey and owls in Slovakia. Part 4. Order Strigiformes, generaTyto, Otus, Bubo, Strix, Surnia, Glaucidium, Athene, Aegolius&Asio

The aim of the bibliography is to provide a list of publications on raptors and owls of Slovakia as well as papers of Slovak authors on these birds. The first three parts focused on genera from orders Accipitrifromes and Falconiformes is followed now by the fourth part focused on genera from Strigiformes order. In total 392 citations are listed - 242 (61.7%) scientific and research articles, 59 (15.1%) popular articles, 21 (5.4%) qualification papers, 45 (11.5%) conference abstracts and 25 (6.4%) reports or other papers. The register of species, objective index and the author register enable better overview.
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of Chromium (VI) Sorption by Pure and Carbonized Fluted Pumpkin waste biomass (Telfairia occidentalis Hook F.)
Authors: Tarawou Timi , Horsfall Michael
Published: August 2012

The adsorption of chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solution was studied using pure and carbonized fluted pumpkin waste biomass (FPWB). The kinetic data shows a pseudo-first-order mechanism with rate constants of 1.26 × 10-2 and 1.933 × 10-2 mg g-1 min-1 for the pure and carbonized FPWB, respectively. While the pseudo-second-order mechanism has rate constants of 0.93 × 10-1 and 1.33 × 10-1 mg g-1 min-1 for the pure and carbonized waste biomass respectively. The pseudo-second order kinetic model was found to be more suitable for describing the experimental data based on the correlation coefficient values (R2) of 0.9975 and 0.9994 obtained for pure waste biomass (PWB) and carbonized waste biomass (CWB), respectively. The results obtained from this study show that PWB and CWB have very high removal capacity for chromium (VI) from aqueous solution over a range of reaction conditions. Thus, fluted pumpkin waste biomass (Telfairia occidentalis Hook F) is a potential sorbent for the treatment of industrial effluents containing chromium (VI) contaminant.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v27i1.6436 J. Nepal Chem. Soc., Vol. 27, 2011 11-18Uploaded date: 16 July, 2012
Preparation of Activated Charcoal Adsorbent from Waste Tire
Authors: Jha Vinay Kumar , Subedi Kiran
Published: August 2012

Activated charcoal was prepared from waste tire by using pyrolysis technique in three different atmospheres, viz, air, nitrogen and a combined atmosphere of nitrogen and water (steam). Methylene blue was then adsorbed on to these activated charcoals and the kinetics of adsorption was also studied. The adsorption isotherms of methylene blue were simulated by the mathematical equations of Langmuir and Freundlich. The Langmuir isotherms were found to have better fitting than that of Freundlich. The Qmax values obtained from Langmuir model were 0.032, 0.036, and 0.092 mmol/g for the activated charcoals prepared in air, nitrogen and nitrogen and water (steam), respectively. The overall reaction was found to be pseudo-second order with the rate constant of 4.2 × 10-2 L g/(mmolmin). The equilibrium adsorption value obtained from the kinetics data i.e. 0.072 (mmol/g) was found to be comparable with that obtained from Langmuir model.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v27i1.6437 J. Nepal Chem. Soc., Vol. 27, 2011 19-25Uploaded date: 16 July, 2012
Effect of Mixing Solvents on the Structure of Trehalose Tri-isostearate Nonionic Surfactant Reverse Micelles
Authors: Shrestha Rekha Goswami , Shrestha Lok Kumar
Published: August 2012

Effects of mixing fraction of n-decane (Dec) with n-tetradecane (TD) on the shape, size, and internal structure of trehalose tri-isostearate (designated as TQ-3) nonionic surfactant reverse micelles have been investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique. TQ-3 self-assembles into a variety of reverse micellar structures in different organic solvents under ambient conditions It was found that a subtle difference in solvent polarity plays a crucial on the structure of reverse micelles. To better understand the solvent dependence of reverse micellar structure, an attempt has been made studying the effects of mixing solvents (alkanes). Three alkanes with different alkyl chain lengths; C10, C12, and C14, were considered and C10 and C14 were mixed in different mixing fractions (wt ratio). SAXS measurements were carried out on 5 wt% TQ-3 systems under ambient conditions. Micellar size and the internal structure (cross-section diameter) were found to depend on mixing fractions of solvents and could be explained in terms of packing parameter.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v27i1.6438 J. Nepal Chem. Soc., Vol. 27, 2011 26-33 Uploaded date: 16 July, 2012
Low cost Passive Monitoring of Nitrogen dioxide and Sulphur dioxide in ambient air
Authors: Byanju R. M. , Gewali M. B. , Manandhar K.
Published: August 2012

Standard nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) monitoring techniques require expensive instrumentation which is not easily adapted for large scale monitoring by resource limited countries. This paper presents the use of locally available relatively cheaper polyethylene tubes to be developed as passive diffusive sampler and use for monitoring of ambient nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide using Triethanolamine (TEA) as absorbent. After extraction with double distilled water, modified Griese-Saltzmann method and West-Gaeke method were used for analysis of nitrite and sulphate adduct formed due to reaction of NO2 and SO2 respectively with TEA using spectrophotometer. The results are successfully compared with other standard methods. The detection limits and precision of the method as expressed as Coefficient of variation are good enough for monitoring of NO2 and SO2 in ambient air.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v27i1.6439 J. Nepal Chem. Soc., Vol. 27, 2011 34-45Uploaded date: 16 July, 2012
Relation between Lipid Profile and Total Antioxidant Status among Normal Population
Authors: Gupta N. , Khadka P. , Yadav S.
Published: August 2012

This study was conducted to assess serum lipids in normal people in relation with their total antioxidant status. Altogether 50 fasting blood samples were collected for study in age between 20-50 years. Fasting lipid profile was determined with enzymatic method i.e. triglyceride (TG), high density lipo-protein (HDL) and low density lipo-protein (LDL) whereas total cholesterol (TC) by chemical method using FeCl3 reagent. The antioxidant status was determined by Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) assay using TPTZ solution. The statistical analysis was done by SPSS program using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. TG showed negative significant correlation with total antioxidant status (p<0.01) and HDL showed positive significant correlation (p<0.05). Whereas TC and LDL showed non-significant correlation with total antioxidant status (p>0.05).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v27i1.6440 J. Nepal Chem. Soc., Vol. 27, 2011 53-60Uploaded date: 16 July, 2012
Let this Hell be Our Heaven: Richard Matheson's Spirituality and Its Hollywood Distortions
Authors: Moreman Christopher M.
Published: August 2012

Richard Matheson’s 1954 novel, I Am Legend, has inspired three official, and other unofficial, film adaptations. Hollywood has, however, consistently altered key elements, severely distorting the novel’s themes. Where I Am Legend is predictive of the anti-authoritarianism of the counterculture, Matheson’s later work aligns closely with spiritual elements of the so-called New Age. This article will show how Hollywood adaptations increasingly promote distinctly Christian symbolism in opposition to Matheson’s own spirituality, nascent in I Am Legend.
L. Ron Hubbard's Alternative to the Bomb Shelter: Scientology's Emergence as a Pseudo-science During the 1950s
Authors: Manca Terra
Published: August 2012

Abstract:

In the 1950s, L. Ron Hubbard founded Scientology and offered it as the key to surviving nuclear fallout. Hubbard’s success in promoting his claims depended on his ability to convince some people that Scientology was a unique science with more authority to state the truth than orthodox science. These claims contributed to both Scientology’s and Hubbard’s financial well-being, but provided little to no benefit for followers and may have harmed some patients. Despite diminished fears of nuclear holocaust, Scientology continues to promote purification programs based on the radiation claims Hubbard made.
Mutuality, responsibility, and reciprocity in situations of marked inequality
Authors: Dominguez Virginia R.
Published: August 2012

Paradoxes shape the relationship of the US anthropological community to its counterparts elsewhere and require new thinking about leadership that focuses on mutuality, responsibility, reciprocity, and pragmatism. Explored here are some key contradictions I see in ways of looking at the current, past, or plausible role of the US anthropological community and, in particular, the American Anthropological Association and its nearly forty Sections. Marked inequality exists among national and international anthropological organizations in size, finances, journal production, and conference attendance and often in perceived degree of importance, control, vibrancy, or agenda-setting. Yet this intervention argues for ways to mitigate that marked inequality, nonetheless, by refusing a binary us-them conceptualization and emphasizing creative pragmatism, mutuality, and responsibility. Unconventionally it even asks whether US anthropology should lead more in the world of anthropology than it currently does or lead less, and why both are worth exploring.
Comments on "Changing global flows in anthropological knowledge"
Authors: Fabian Johannes
Published: August 2012

These comments—made originally in my role as discussant for the panel in Ljubljana—address the recent history of the question of world anthropologies and identify three issues for further critical debate: (1) hegemonic claims concerning our discipline (including the issue of hegemony within our discipline), (2) the difference between power and authority, and (3) reasons that alterity continues to be a crucial concept in post-colonial anthropology.
The phantasy of theory and the missing people
Authors: Biehl João , Hernandez Sebastián Ramírez
Published: August 2012

In this theoretically ambitious article, Andrés
Guerrero aims to rethink the North’s Master
Narrative of liberal citizenship, comparing the
administration of Indians in past Ecuador with
the administration of illegal immigrants in
Spain today “as a sort of distorted reflection.”
Use of Logistic Regression for Forecasting Short-Term Volcanic Activity
Authors: Junek William N. , Jones Linwood W. , Woods Mark T.
Published: August 2012

An algorithm that forecasts volcanic activity using an event tree decision making framework and logistic regression has been developed, characterized, and validated. The suite of empirical models that drive the system were derived from a sparse and geographically diverse dataset comprised of source modeling results, volcano monitoring data, and historic information from analog volcanoes. Bootstrapping techniques were applied to the training dataset to allow for the estimation of robust logistic model coefficients. Probabilities generated from the logistic models increase with positive modeling results, escalating seismicity, and rising eruption frequency. Cross validation yielded a series of receiver operating characteristic curves with areas ranging between 0.78 and 0.81, indicating that the algorithm has good forecasting capabilities. Our results suggest that the logistic models are highly transportable and can compete with, and in some cases outperform, non-transportable empirical models trained with site specific information.
Organic Semiconductors and Conductors with tert-Butyl Substituents
Authors: Higashino Toshiki , Akiyama Yuto , Kojima Hirotaka , Kawamoto Tadashi , Mori Takehiko
Published: August 2012

Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF), pentacene, and quarterthiophene with tert-butyl substituents are synthesized, and the crystal structures and the transistor properties are investigated. The tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) complex of tert-butyl TTF constructs highly one-dimensional segregated columns with tetragonal crystal symmetry.
Welcome to Fibers—A New Open Access Journal for Fibrous Material Science
Authors: Bondy Stephen C.
Published: August 2012

Fibers are materials in the form of elongated threads. They can possess elastic features that are relevant to the integrity and bonding of cells. These features also give man-made fibers a wide range of applications. The large ratio of length to width (aspect ratio), which defines fibers, strongly influences their physical and chemical properties. This quality gives them a relatively large surface area, which can lead to powerful tensile and absorptive characteristics, which are remarkably different from, and cannot be predicted by study of the non-fibrous parent materials. An example of this is asbestos, where the toxicity of the material is heavily influenced by its structural anatomy. Distinctive chemical processes can take place on fibrous surfaces that may themselves seem to be chemically inert. Certain commonalities result from the distinctive geometry of fibers, and lie behind the apparently great diversity of fiber types and materials. [...]
Gender Related Differences in Kidney Injury Induced by Mercury
Authors: Hazelhoff María H. , Bulacio Romina P. , Torres Adriana M.
Published: August 2012

The aim of this study was to determine if there are sex-related differences in the acute kidney injury induced by HgCl2 since female rats express lower levels of renal Oat1 and Oat3 (transporters involved in renal uptake of mercury) as compared with males. Control males and females and Hg-treated male and female Wistar rats were employed. Animals were treated with HgCl2 (4 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), intraperitoneal (i.p.)) 18 h before the experiments. HgCl2 induced renal impairment both in male and female rats. However, female rats showed a lower renal impairment than male rats. The observed increase in kidney weight/body weight ratio seen in male and female rats following HgCl2 treatment was less in the female rats. Urine volume and creatinine clearance decreased and Oat5 urinary excretion increased in both males and females, but to a lesser degree in the latter. Urinary alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and histological parameters were modified in male but not in female rats after HgCl2 administration. These results indicate that the lower Oat1 and Oat3 expression in the kidney of females restricts Hg uptake into renal cells protecting them from this metal toxicity. These gender differences in renal injury induced by mercury are striking and also indicate that Oat1 and Oat3 are among the main transporters responsible for HgCl2-induced renal injury.
Synthesis of Uniform Polyaniline Nanofibers through Interfacial Polymerization
Authors: Abdolahi Ahmad , Hamzah Esah , Ibrahim Zaharah , Hashim Shahrir
Published: August 2012

The present paper aims to study the preparation of polyaniline nanofibers through simple interfacial polymerization. Ammonium persulfate, hydrochloric acid and chloroform were used as oxidant, dopant and organic solvent respectively. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques were used to analyze the product. FESEM results show that polyaniline has nano-fiber morphology. XRD results show the crystalline properties of polyaniline nanofiber, and FTIR results confirmed the formation of polyaniline in different monomer/oxidant molar ratios. This study provides a better understanding on the synthesis of uniform polyaniline nanofibers through interfacial polymerization.
Metabolomic Analyses of Blood Plasma after Oral Administration of D-Glucosamine Hydrochloride to Dogs
Authors: Osaki Tomohiro , Azuma Kazuo , Kurozumi Seiji , Takamori Yoshimori , Tsuka Takeshi , Imagawa Tomohiro , Okamoto Yoshiharu , Minami Saburo
Published: August 2012

D-Glucosamine hydrochloride (GlcN∙HCl) is an endogenous amino monosaccharide synthesized from glucose that is useful in the treatment of joint diseases in both humans and animals. The aim of this study was to examine amino acid metabolism in dogs after oral administration of GlcN∙HCl. Accelerated fumarate respiration and elevated plasma levels of lactic acid and alanine were observed after administration. These results suggest that oral administration of GlcN∙HCl induces anaerobic respiration and starvation in cells, and we hypothesize that these conditions promote cartilage regeneration. Further studies are required to evaluate the expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β).