bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manufacture of a Stable Lyophilized Formulation of the Live Attenuated Pertussis Vaccine BPZE1
Authors: Thalen Marcel , Debrie Anne-Sophie , Coutte Loic , Raze Dominique , Solovay Ken , Rubin Keith , Mielcarek Nathalie , Locht Camille
Published: September 2020

Current pertussis vaccines protect against disease, but not against colonization by and transmission of Bordetella pertussis, whereas natural infection protects against both. The live attenuated vaccine BPZE1 was developed to mimic immunogenicity of natural infection without causing disease, and in preclinical models protected against pertussis disease and B. pertussis colonization after a single nasal administration. Phase 1 clinical studies showed that BPZE1 is safe and immunogenic in humans when administered as a liquid formulation, stored at ≤−70 °C. Although BPZE1 is stable for two years at ≤−70 °C, a lyophilized formulation stored at ≥5 °C is required for commercialization. The development of a BPZE1 drug product, filled and lyophilized directly in vials, showed that post-lyophilization survival of BPZE1 depended on the time of harvest, the lyophilization buffer, the time between harvest and lyophilization, as well as the lyophilization cycle. The animal component-free process, well defined in terms of harvest, processing and lyophilization, resulted in approximately 20% survival post-lyophilization. The resulting lyophilized drug product was stable for at least two years at −20 °C ± 10 °C, 5 °C ± 3 °C and 22.5 °C ± 2.5 °C and maintained its vaccine potency, as evaluated in a murine protection assay. This manufacturing process thus enables further clinical and commercial development of BPZE1.
Seaweed-Based Products and Mushroom β-Glucan as Tomato Plant Immunological Inducers
Authors: Melo Paulo César de , Collela Carolina Figueiredo , Sousa Tiago , Pacheco Diana , Cotas João , Gonçalves Ana M. M. , Bahcevandziev Kiril , Pereira Leonel
Published: September 2020

The effects of the abiotic inducers β-glucan, extracted from Shiitake (Lentinula edodes), BFIICaB® (Kappaphycus alvarezii) and BKPSGII® (K. alvarezii X Sargassum sp.) on tomato plants infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) were evaluated through the activity of enzymes related to the induction of resistance at 5 and 10 days after inoculation (DAI). Tomato plants (21 days old, after germination) were inoculated with the pathogen conidia suspension and sprayed with 0.3% aqueous solutions of the inducers. The activities of the enzymes β-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were evaluated in fresh tomato leaves collected at 5 and 10 DAI. In all treatments, peroxidase showed the highest enzymatic activity, followed by β-1,3-glucanase and PAL. Between the seaweeds, the inducers extracted from the red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii (BFIICaB®) promoted the highest enzymatic activity. The exception was BKPSGII® (K. alvarezii X Sargassum sp.) where the influence of Sargassum sp. resulted in higher peroxidase activity (4.48 Δab600 mg P−1 min−1) in the leaves, 10 DAI. Both the red seaweed K. alvarezii and the brown alga Sargassum sp. promoted activities of β-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase and PAL.
Immune-Enhancing Activity of Aqueous Extracts from Artemisia rupestris L. via MAPK and NF-kB Pathways of TLR4/TLR2 Downstream in Dendritic Cells
Authors: Yang Yu , Wang DanYang , Li QuanXiao , He Jiang , Wang Bin , Li Jinyao , Zhang Ailian
Published: September 2020

Artemisia rupestris L. has long been used as a traditional herbal medicine owing to its immunomodulatory activity. Aqueous extracts of Artemisia rupestris L. (AEAR) contain the main functional component and can activate the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and enhance the adaptive immunity as the adjuvant against infections. To explore the underlying mechanism of immunomodulatory activities of AEAR, DCs were produced from bone-marrow cells of mice and the effects of AEAR on cell viability were assessed by the Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) method and annexin V/propidium iodide staining assays. Then, the effects of AEAR on the morphology, maturation, and function of DCs were detected using a microscope, flow cytometry-based surface receptor characterization, and endocytosis assays. The secretion levels of cytokines were then analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The activation state of DCs was evaluated by the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The activity of MAPKs and NF-κB pathways, which were involved in the regulation of AEAR on DCs, was further detected by Western blot. AEAR did not have a cytotoxic effect on DCs or mouse splenocytes. AEAR remarkably enhanced the phenotypic maturation of DCs and promoted the expression of costimulatory molecules and the secretion of cytokines in DCs. AEAR also significantly decreased the phagocytic ability of DCs and augmented the abilities of DCs to present antigens and stimulate allogeneic T-cell proliferation. Simultaneously, AEAR potently activated toll-like receptor (TLR)4-/TLR2-related MAPKs and induced the degradation of IκB and the translocation of NF-κB. In short, AEAR can profoundly enhance the immune-modulating activities of DCs via TLR4-/TLR2-mediated activation of MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways and is a promising candidate immunopotentiator for vaccines.
Exciting Times for Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Vaccine Development: Navigating the Pathways toward the Goal of Protecting Infants against Congenital CMV Infection
Authors: Schleiss Mark R. , Diamond Don J.
Published: September 2020

The congenital transmission of cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is the most common infectious cause of disability in children in the developed world, and probably globally [...]
Behavioral Differences in the Preference for Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination: A Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Guo Na , Wang Jian , Nicholas Stephen , Maitland Elizabeth , Zhu Dawei
Published: September 2020

Understanding behavioral factors differences in the preferences for vaccinations can improve predictions of vaccine uptake rates and identify effective policy interventions to increase the demand for vaccinations. In this study, 353 adults in Shandong province in China were interviewed about their preferences for hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination. A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was employed to analyze the preference for HBV vaccinations, and a mixed logit model was used to estimate respondent preferences for vaccination attributes included in the DCE. While the protection rate against hepatitis B (HB), duration of protection, risk of side-effects, and vaccination cost were shown to influence adults’ preferences for HBV vaccination, adults valued “99% hepatitis B protection” above other attributes, followed by “20 years’ protection duration” and “1 in 150,000 risk of side-effects”. Individuals with lower time discount rates, non-overconfidence, or higher risk aversion were more likely to choose a vaccine. Lower risk aversion individuals showed a higher preference for lower risk of side-effects. Lower time discount rate individuals showed a higher preference for longer protection duration. Non-overconfidence individuals showed a higher preference for higher hepatitis B protection and cost. Interventions should be targeted to the behavioral determinants impeding vaccination.
Infectious Agents Identified by Real-Time PCR, Serology and Bacteriology in Blood and Peritoneal Exudate Samples of Cows Affected by Parietal Fibrinous Peritonitis after Caesarean Section
Authors: Djebala Salem , Evrard Julien , Gregoire Fabien , Thiry Damien , Bayrou Calixte , Moula Nassim , Sartelet Arnaud , Bossaert Philippe
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to identify the pathogens potentially involved in parietal fibrinous peritonitis (PFP). PFP is a complication of laparotomy in cattle, characterized by an accumulation of exudate inside a fibrinous capsule. We have studied 72 cases of PFP in Belgian blue cows, confirmed by a standard diagnostic protocol. Blood was collected to evaluate the presence of antibodies for Mycoplasma bovis(M. bovis), Coxiella burnetii(C. burnetii) and Bovine Herpesvirus 4(BoHV4) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Peritoneal exudate was obtained from the PFP cavity to perform bacteriological culture, and to identify the DNA of M. bovis, C. burnetii and BoHV4 using real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Bacteriological culture was positive in most peritoneal samples (59/72); Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) (51/72) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) (20/72) were the most frequently identified. For BoHV4, the majority of cows showed positive serology and qPCR (56/72 and 49/72, respectively). Contrariwise, M. bovis (17/72 and 6/72, respectively) and C. burnetii (15/72 and 6/72, respectively) were less frequently detected (p < 0.0001). Our study proves that PFP can no longer be qualified as a sterile inflammation. Moreover, we herein describe the first identification of BoHV4 and C. burnetii in cows affected by PFP.
Start-Up Mechanism and Dynamic Process of Landslides in the Full High Waste Dump
Authors: Cao Chunhui , Feng Jili , Tao Zhigang
Published: September 2020

Landslides often occur in the open-pit mine dump, which is harmful to the safety operation of mines and slopes. In this work, the landslides that occurred in 2014 at Nanfen open-pit mine of China are studied to understand the triggering mechanism and dynamic process of landslides in the full high waste dump. Field investigation, hydrogeological data analysis, satellite map data, and numerical simulation are combined to analyze and evaluate the landslides. The study shows that the continuous and intensive dumping can lead to shear failure under the action of self-weight. The shear strength of loose dump bodies significantly relies on the water content, freeze-thaw cycle, pore pressure, and gradation of the dump soils. These factors result in the occurrence of landslides in the dump slope. The predictions by the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method show that the shape, influence range, and slip distance of landslides are consistent with that of the field investigation. The present study shows that the SPH method is a powerful numerical technique to describe landslides’ problems.
Simplified Mathematical Model for Computing Draining Operations in Pipelines of Undulating Profiles with Vacuum Air Valves
Authors: Coronado-Hernández Óscar E. , Fuertes-Miquel Vicente S. , Quiñones-Bolaños Edgar E. , Gatica Gustavo , Coronado-Hernández Jairo R.
Published: September 2020

The draining operation involves the presence of entrapped air pockets, which are expanded during the phenomenon occurrence generating drops of sub-atmospheric pressure pulses. Vacuum air valves should inject enough air to prevent sub-atmospheric pressure conditions. Recently, this phenomenon has been studied by the authors with an inertial model, obtaining a complex formulation based on a system composed by algebraic-differential equations. This research simplifies this complex formulation by neglecting the inertial term, thus the Bernoulli’s equation can be used. Results show how the inertial model and the simplified mathematical model provide similar results of the evolution of main hydraulic and thermodynamic variables. The simplified mathematical model is also verified using experimental tests of air pocket pressure, water velocity, and position of the water column.
Classifying Streamflow Duration: The Scientific Basis and an Operational Framework for Method Development
Authors: Fritz Ken M. , Nadeau Tracie-Lynn , Kelso Julia E. , Beck Whitney S. , Mazor Raphael D. , Harrington Rachel A. , Topping Brian J.
Published: September 2020

Streamflow duration is used to differentiate reaches into discrete classes (e.g., perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral) for water resource management. Because the depiction of the extent and flow duration of streams via existing maps, remote sensing, and gauging is constrained, field-based tools are needed for use by practitioners and to validate hydrography and modeling advances. Streamflow Duration Assessment Methods (SDAMs) are rapid, reach-scale indices or models that use physical and biological indicators to predict flow duration class. We review the scientific basis for indicators and present conceptual and operational frameworks for SDAM development. Indicators can be responses to or controls of flow duration. Aquatic and terrestrial responses can be integrated into SDAMs, reflecting concurrent increases and decreases along the flow duration gradient. The conceptual framework for data-driven SDAM development shows interrelationships among the key components: study reaches, hydrologic data, and indicators. We present a generalized operational framework for SDAM development that integrates the data-driven components through five process steps: preparation, data collection, data analysis, evaluation, and implementation. We highlight priorities for the advancement of SDAMs, including expansion of gauging of nonperennial reaches, use of citizen science data, adjusting for stressor gradients, and statistical and monitoring advances to improve indicator effectiveness.
Mechanism of Formation and Estuarine Turbidity Maxima in the Hau River Mouth
Authors: Tien Nguyen Ngoc , Uu Dinh Van , Cuong Do Huy , Mau Le Dinh , Tung Nguyen Xuan , Hung Pham Duc
Published: September 2020

Observation of the Hau River distributary of the Mekong River delta in Vietnam, conducted in dry and flood season (2009, 2014, and 2015), is utilized to investigate the mechanism of formation, distribution of estuarine turbidity maxima (ETM), and links with sediment transport in the system. Additionally, 3D (three-dimensional) numerical models are applied to simulate the seasonal tidal variation (flood and dry seasons) of the water and suspended sediment transport processes of the Mekong River Delta. The 3D model, with a combination of hydrodynamic-wave and suspended sediment transport, was set up and validated with measured data in the study area. The mechanism that measures ETM is the process of suspended sediment from the river when it interacts with seawater and speeds up the flocculation, combined with the asymmetry of the tidal current, which will create the region with ETM by moving in/out with the tidal current’s ups and downs. As there is surface flow velocity towards the sea, the bottom baroclinic flow has a decisive role in deposition and erosion, and it causes the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) to be maximized. During the flood season, the salt wedge near the river’s mouth, at the peak of the tide, pushes towards the sea’s direction when there are ebbing tides, with a scope of about 20 km. In the dry season, there is estuary disturbance as well; the salt wedge forms, but is relatively weak or does not exist, depending on the time of the tide. The maximum turbidity zone in the flood season moves the subaqueous delta with a scope of about 20 km and SSC of about 0.1 to 0.6 g L−1, whereas in the dry season, the seawater has high salinity, and seaward SSC penetrates the estuaries to cause a disturbance and flocculation. The penetration scope is up to 50 km and creates a water mass that has high SSC, from 0.2 to 0.7 g L−1, to run in/off by the tidal current’s ups and downs for several kilometers in the tidal phase.
Dynamic Interception Effect of Internal and External Nitrogen and Phosphorus Migration of Ecological Ditches
Authors: Liu Yuyang , Li Songmin , Wang Xiaoling , An Yuchen , Wang Ruonan
Published: September 2020

The “ecological ditch” (eco-ditch) is an effective measure used to alleviate agricultural non-point-source pollution. However, information is lacking about the continuous transport characteristics of internal and external nitrogen and phosphorus in the interstitial water of the bottom mud of these ditches and overlying water under dynamic continuous inflow conditions. Understanding of the effect of matrix dams and microbial communities inside eco-ditches on the continuous transport characteristics of the N and P therein needs to be improved. To determine the interception effects of eco-ditches on the transfer of endogenous and exogenous N and P, an eco-ditch combining plants and a matrix dam was built to explore the transport distribution characteristics of N and P in the intermittent water and overlying water in the bottom of the eco-ditch and in the bottom of the soil ditch. We compared and analyzed the composition characteristics of the microbiological communities along the ecological and soil ditches. The research results showed that: (1) The concentration gradient between the interstitial water and the overlying water in the soil ditch is the main reason for the transport and diffusion of pollutants. However, in eco-ditches, the absorption function of plant roots and the differences between the structures of the microbial communities destroy the correlation of this concentration gradient diffusion, especially the effect on ammonium N; (2) a large number of mycelia adhere to the surface of the matrix dam in an eco-ditch, and are conducive to the adsorption and purification of pollutants in the water; (3) Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinomycetes, and Acidobacteria were the main bacterial groups in the ditches. The aquatic plants in the eco-ditch changed the microenvironment of the sediment, and both the microbial diversity and abundance along the eco-ditch were higher than in the soil ditch.
Post-Failure Dynamics of Rainfall-Induced Landslide in Oltrepò Pavese
Authors: Manenti Sauro , Amicarelli Andrea , Palazzolo Nunziarita , Bordoni Massimiliano , Creaco Enrico , Meisina Claudia
Published: September 2020

Prediction of landslide hazard risk at hill slope induced by intense rainfall requires the appropriate modeling of the interactions between soil and weather phenomena, leading to failure as well as a reliable prediction of post-failure dynamics. In the peculiar case of fast shallow landslides behaving like dense granular flows, a suitable modeling approach for large and rapid deformations is necessary to estimate potential related damage. The impact force exerted by the leading edge of the earth-flow on the downstream structure should be estimated for both damage prediction and design of effective protection measures. In this paper, a free open source 3D research code based on standard weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (WCSPH) method is validated by modeling a full-scale rainfall-induced shallow landslide which occurred in Oltrepò Pavese (Northern Italy). The code allows resolving the vertical velocity gradients, potentially providing a more reliable representation of the landslide dynamics and impact force. Mechanical parameters are consistent with average soil characteristics, avoiding calibration analysis. The final landslide profile is compared with an experimental survey for model validation, showing good fit. Influence of uncertainties of geotechnical parameters on the landslide front velocity and impact force on the downstream wall is evaluated.
Modelling the Role of SuDS Management Trains in Minimising Flood Risk, Using MicroDrainage
Authors: Lashford Craig , Charlesworth Susanne , Warwick Frank , Blackett Matthew
Published: September 2020

This novel research models the impact that commonly used sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) have on runoff, and compare this to their land take. As land take is consistently cited as a key barrier to the wider implementation of SuDS, it is essential to understand the possible runoff reduction in relation to the area they take up. SuDS management trains consisting of different combinations of detention basins, green roofs, porous pavement and swales were designed in MicroDrainage. In this study, this is modelled against the 1% Annual Exceedance Potential storm (over 30, 60, 90, 120, 360 and 720 min, under different infiltration scenarios), to determine the possible runoff reduction of each device. Detention basins were consistently the most effective regarding maximum runoff reduction for the land they take (0.419 L/s/m2), with porous pavement the second most effective, achieving 0.145 L/s/m2. As both green roofs (20.34%) and porous pavement (6.76%) account for land that would traditionally be impermeable, there is no net-loss of land compared to a traditional drainage approach. Consequently, although the modelled SuDS management train accounts for 34.86% of the total site, just 7.76% of the land is lost to SuDS, whilst managing flooding for all modelled rainfall and infiltration scenarios.
Influence of Butterfly and Gate Valves Upstream Large Water Meters
Authors: Albaina Iñigo , Arregui Francisco J. , Bidaguren-Alday César , Bidaguren Iñigo
Published: September 2020

The research presented was conducted to quantify the effects of butterfly and gate valves located upstream water meters with diameters larger than 50 mm. Errors caused by these valves can have an enormous financial impact taking into consideration that a small percentage of variation in the error of a large meter is typically related to a significant volume of water. The uncertainty on the economic impact that a valve installed upstream of a medium size water meter leads to many water utilities to oversize the meter chambers in order to mitigate the potential negative errors. Most manufacturers approve their meters for a specific flow disturbance sensitivity class according to the standard ISO 4064-1:2018. Under this classification, a correct operation of the meters requires a certain length of straight section of pipe upstream the meter. However, this classification of the meters cannot consider all types of flow perturbances. For this study, two types of valves, butterfly and gate, were tested upstream ten brand-new water meters from six different manufacturers constructed in four different metering technologies: single-jet, Woltmann, electromagnetic and ultrasonic. In each meter unit was tested at five flow rates, from minimum to the overload flow rates. The tests were conducted with valves set in different orientations, closing degrees, and upstream distances from the water meters under study. The research shows that the valves used can produce significant deviations in the measuring errors with respect the errors found for undistorted working conditions.
The organization of practical training of medical students in the context of the COVID — 2019 pandemic
Authors: Vedunova M. , Abaeva O.
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the problems of organizing practical training of medical students of the first, second and third years of study in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors note that the best option is to organize practical training of students on the basis of a simulation center with the involvement of nurses and doctors of medical organizations in educational activities. At the same time, the authors consider this measure forced and Express hope for the continuation of the traditional form of practical training in the next academic year.
On the issue of assessing the stability of medical personnel in medical organizations
Authors: Abaeva O. , Мurigina М. , Khazov М.
Published: September 2020

The authors of the article suggest a method for assessing the stability of medical personnel in medical organizations, which is based on the analysis of the age of doctors and the duration of their work in this organization. According to the authors, this method is convenient to use and can be used in the implementation of the project «Quality and safety of medical activities» in the section «HR».
Accidental Choking Among Hospitalized Patients in Pennsylvania: A 15-Year Retrospective Review
Authors: Kukielka Elizabeth
Published: September 2020

Choking occurs when a foreign body becomes lodged in the airway and obstructs respiration. In the United States, over 5,000 deaths were attributed to choking in 2015.
Among older adults, food is the most common cause of choking, and the death rate for
choking events involving food is seven times higher among older adults than young
children. We queried the Pennsylvania Patient Safety Reporting System (PA-PSRS) and
identified 545 events related to accidental choking on food, beverages, medications, or
other foreign bodies reported from 2004 to 2019. Patients who experienced a choking
event were more often female (56%; 306 of 545), and they ranged in age from 6 months
to 102 years, with a median patient age of 70 years (interquartile range = 54 to 83 years).
Among choking events that specified the substance involved, food was the most common (80%; 424 of 528 events). The most common foods that patients choked on were meat or fish (n=77), sandwiches (n=38), and breads or cakes (n=31). Abdominal thrusts were the most common immediate response described in event reports, attempted in more than half of events (56%; 306 of 545). Prevention of accidental choking may involve timely assessment of risk factors that predispose a patient to choking, including age older than 60 years, tooth loss and presence of dentures, and underlying psychiatric or neurologic illness.
Fast Combined Decimal/Binary Multiplier Based on Redundant BCD 4221-8421Digit Recoding
Authors: Nabil Mohammed , Al-Assfor Fatemah , Al-Ebadi Mohammed
Published: September 2020

Many applications consider floating point arithmeticas a key component of the computations. Combineddecimal/binary arithmetic becomes an important topicsupports high-speed decimal/binary applications. A new 64-bit(16×16 digit) the combined decimal/binary multiplier is proposedand implemented in this work that can be used for both fusedmultiply-add (FMA) and multiplier unit. A new partialproducts reduction tree is shared between decimal and binarymultiplier unit. The valuation and comparison result betweenthe proposed multiplier and the previous most recent worksshows 4.66 % less delay than combined decimal/binarymultiplier and 19.33 % less delay than the fastest standalonedecimal multiplier.
Size and function of left atrium in patient with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Truong Van Khanh Nguyen , Nguyen Anh Vu
Published: September 2020

Background: Heart failure is a common clinical syndrome and is the final stage of most cardiovascular diseases. Nowadays, the role of left atrium in cardiovascular diseases, especially in HF diseases, is more and more important. At the early stage of heart failure, the size and pump function of left atrium are increased. When the left ventricular function is reduced significantly, left atrial function is alo impaired.

Aims of the study: assess size and function of left atrium in patient with heart failure reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Establishing the association between two indexs above with some clinical and subclinical characteristics.

Subjects and method: 51 HFrEF patients in Hospital of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, who have including criteria. Cross-sectional study.

Results: LAVI (ml/m2): 43.19 ± 12.48 ml/m2, percentage of large left atrial patents is 80.4%. LATEF (%): 31.93 ± 7.72%. LAVI has correlation with: LVEDV (r= 0,45); LVESV (r= 0,43); NT-proBNP (r= 0.371). There is a difference LAVI of diastolic dysfunction grades (r= 0.011), There is a difference LAVI of NYHA class (r= 0.016). LATEF has correlation with NTproBNP (r= -0.349).

Conclusion: The left atrium’s size is increased and its function is reduced in HFrEF patient. There is a positive correlation between LAVI and LVEDV, LVESV, NTproBNP. The LAVI varies with the diastolic dysfunction grade. And there is a negative correlation between LATEF and NTproBNP.

Key words: heart failure reduced ejection fraction; size of left atrium, function of left atrium
Evaluation of the treatment results of simple myringoplasty with tragal perichondrium in patients suffering from chronic otitis media having tympanic perforation
Authors: Doan Thi My Trang , Le Thanh Thai , Ho Manh Hung
Published: September 2020

Research aims: To describe the clinical, paraclinical features of chronic otitis media with perforation and evaluation the treatment by tragal perichondrium myringoplasty.

Material and method: 33 patients diagnosed chronic otitis media were treated by tragal perichondrium tympanoplasty at Hue Central Hospital and Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital.

Results: Chronic otitis media was formed to be common among females, in age groups 16-30 years. The percentage of patients in rural areas (57.6%) is higher than in urban areas (42.4%), the functional symptoms before surgery are hearing loss, tinnitus with the incidence of 100%, 87.9, these symptoms improved significantly after surgery (hearing loss decreased from 100% to 18.2% after 3 months, 6 months after surgery; tinnitus decreased by 87.9 % to 27.3% and 24.2%), the rate of closure the perforation after 3 months was 81.8%, PTA after surgery is 28.8 ± 10.6dB, up by 13.0 ± 7.4 dB.

Conclusions: Chronic otitis media is a common disease in Viet Nam, affect much to life, should be detected, treated and operated timely. Tragal perichondrium myringoplasty is simple, easy to operate and has a good result.

Key words: Chronic otitis media, perforation, tragal perichondrium myringoplasty, hearing loss, tinnitus
BioImpacts: An emerging global journal
Authors: Ilghami Roghaiyeh , Mohammadhasanzadeh Hafez , Barar Jaleh , Rafi Mohammad A.
Published: September 2020

The toddling BioImpacts has now grown into a young adult with strong opinions and perspectives, to a high-quality journal, and it has not been raised but by a family of professional editors, reviewers, authors, and even readers who had fantasized about a bright future and that fantasies are now coming true one-by-one.
Flavones scaffold of Chromolaena odorata as a potential xanthine oxidase inhibitor: Induced Fit Docking and ADME studies
Authors: Kikiowo Babatomiwa , Ogunleye Adewale Joseph , Inyang Olumide Kayode , Adelakun Niyi Samuel , Omotuyi Olaposi Idowu , Metibemu Damilohun Samuel , David Temitope Israel , Oludoyi Oluwatoyin Olajide , Ijatuyi Taiwo Tolulope
Published: September 2020

Introduction:
Gout is a type of painful inflammation initiated by the interactions between monosodium urate crystals and connective tissue. Xanthine oxidase (XO) catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine, then to uric acid. The primary treatments for gout include XO inhibitors. At present, allopurinol is the most used XO inhibitor for the treatment of gout. However, it can cause adverse effects commonly known as allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome, thereby limiting its usage. Consequently, it is necessary to develop potent and less toxic inhibitors of XO. Chromolaena odorata is one of such plants under investigation for its diverse health benefits. Methods: Phytochemicals of C. odorata were screened against XO receptor, using molecular docking. The top five hit compounds of glide docking yield flavones scaffold which were subjected to induced fit docking (IFD) and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) studies. Results: The result showed that flavones scaffold of C. odorata can bind with higher affinity and lower free energy values when compared to that of the standard, allopurinol. The IFD scores of the flavones scaffold range from -1525.25 to -1527.99 kcal/mol. Conclusion: Our results have shown that flavones scaffold might have the potential to act as an effective drug candidate when compared to allopurinol in treating and/or preventing gout and some inflammatory condition.
Promoter methylation and expression pattern of DLX3, ATF4, and FRA1 genes during osteoblastic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Rahimzadeh Sevda , Rahbarghazi Reza , Aslani Somayeh , Rajabi Hadi , Latifi Zeinab , Farshdousti Hagh Majid , Nourazarian Alireza , Nozad Charoudeh Hojjatollah , Nouri Mohammad , Abhari Alireza
Published: September 2020

Introduction:
Nowadays, mesenchymal stem cells are touted as suitable cell supply for the restoration of injured bone tissue. The existence of osteogenic differentiation makes these cells capable of replenishing damaged cells in the least possible time. It has been shown that epigenetic modifications, especially DNA methylation, contribute to the regulation of various transcription factors during phenotype acquisition. Hence, we concentrated on the correlation between the promoter methylation and the expression of genes DLX3, ATF4, and FRA1 during osteoblastic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro after 21 days. Methods: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in osteogenesis differentiation medium supplemented with 0.1 µM dexamethasone, 10 mM β-glycerol phosphate, and 50 µM ascorbate-2-phosphate for 21 days. RNA and DNA extraction was done on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Promoter methylation and expression levels of genes DLX3, ATF4, and FRA1 were analyzed by methylation-specific quantitative PCR and real-time PCR assays, respectively. Results: We found an upward expression trend with the increasing time for genes DLX3, ATF4, and FRA1 in stem cells committed to osteoblast-like lineage compared to the control group (P<0.05). On the contrary, methylation-specific quantitative PCR displayed decreased methylation rates of DLX3 and ATF4 genes, but not FRA1, over time compared to the non-treated control cells (P<0.05). Bright-field images exhibited red-colored calcified deposits around Alizarin Red S-stained cells after 21 days compared to the control group. Statistical analysis showed a strong correlation between the transcription of genes DLX3 and ATF4 and methylation rate (P<0.05). Conclusion: In particular, osteoblastic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhances DLX3 and ATF4 transcriptions by reducing methylation rate for 21 days.
Los trabajadores industriales argentinos en la primera mitad de la década del '70:propuestas para una agenda de investigación a partir del análisis comparativo de casos
Authors: Basualdo Victoria , Lorenz Federico
Published: September 2020

Dentro del campo de estudios sobre memoria e historia reciente, el presente artículo trata sobre los desafíos que se plantean en torno la historia de los trabajadores industriales de base en Argentina. Partiendo del examen de los resultados de investigaciones previas centradas en dos establecimientos fabriles concretos (Acindar y Astilleros ASTARSA), el texto pretende contribuir a una agenda de investigación sobre la historia de los trabajadores en el seno de las fábricas, entre los años finales de la etapa de industrialización por sustitución de importaciones y los inicios de la etapa de valorización financiera iniciada a mediados de los años ´70.
Plural ha sido la celeste historia. Consolidación y decadencia de las redes de poder de la elite modernizadora rioplatense, 1850-1930
Authors: Bonfanti Daniele
Published: September 2020

En este trabajo se examina la evolución de las redes sociales de un grupo empresarial homogéneo que, a partir del último cuarto del siglo XIX, impulsó en Uruguay un entramado de relaciones con vocación de “red de poder”. A pesar del ascenso social de estos empresarios sus redes de poder fracasaron. El artículo intenta ofrecer alguna explicación sobre este proceso.
La acción propagandística a favor del Franquismo durante la Guerra Civil Española: la actuación de Juan Pablo Lojendio en Buenos Aires (1936-1939)
Authors: Ferreyra Alejandra Noemí
Published: September 2020

La fractura político-ideológica que se produjo en España ante el inicio de la Guerra Civil en 1936 se trasladó también al seno de la representación diplomática española en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Ello generó la dimisión a su cargo de algunos miembros de la carrera diplomática en la embajada hispana y a su vez, la progresiva conformación de una sede diplomática paralela que actuaría bajo las órdenes del Gobierno de Burgos en España. En el presente trabajo nos proponemos seguir con detenimiento el derrotero propagandístico y la actuación diplomática del representante oficioso enviado por el General Francisco Franco a la Argentina, Juan Pablo de Lojendio, prestando especial atención a los vínculos que en su accionar fue generando con destacados miembros de la comunidad hispana en Buenos Aires.
CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE APPLIED IN YOUNG LEARNER’S RUMPELSTILTSKIN
Authors: Widyaningrum Agnes
Published: September 2020

English children story book is written aimed at boosting their English reader’ proficiency as well as their performance in reading. This study is conducted to analyze the conversational implicature recognized in children story book. The object of the study is the story entitled Rumpelstiltskin published by Indian publisher. This study is conducted aimed at finding kinds of conversational implicature recognized in the Young Learner’s story book.

            Children story book written in English is published to help them learn English. English in Indonesia is as the first foreign language learnt while other countries within Asian continent have English as their second language. TEFL in Indonesia needs more time to make Indonesian students accustomed to use English in their daily conversation.

            Book is written in many genres and one of it is narrative. Narrative text type is commonly found in the story therefore the author used their imagination in order to help the readers build their own imagination. Building imagination is part of the activity to help children to be creative. The children are still on their growing period therefore they need many stimulus to help them gain more information stored in their brain.

            India is one of Asian’s country which English as their second language therefore Indian people speak English better than Indonesian. Though Indian as a country is similar to Indonesia in terms of population but they are more productive in using English. Indonesian people should learn from Indian people in using English since English language is used formally at public places including school. Indian authors are also more productive in writing and one of the writing that I analyze in this study is the children’s story belongs to Young Learner’s series. I chose Indian book because I believe that children’s reader will learn and understand English language easily.

Keywords: reading, English story book, conversational implicature
Teen’s Anxiety Through Poetry: Love or Dream?
Authors: Nurhamidah Idha
Published: September 2020

Teens are identical with instability and anxiety for which they need to express as their individual self-actualization. So far there have been no such efforts to accommodate their needs through literary works. The current study explores the dictions employed in English poems written by the students (identified as teens) of English Letters Study Program to find about how far a poem can be as a means for teens to express their feelings. The subjects were assigned to write poems of their interests. The 32 poems were then analyzed and interpreted to find out how most students expressed their anxieties in terms of love to parents, love to boy/girlfriends, friendship, hope, admiration, disappointment, encouragement, divinity and educational goals. The findings indicate that they turn out to be able to write poems when they are emotionally touched. In particular, they employed a limited range of lexical items to express their love to their parents, boy/girlfriends, in addition to love to their college in pursuit of their educational goals. As the general practice of teaching literature ending up with the students’ analyzing literary works, it is high time that they were assigned to write poems to express their feelings.

 

Keywords: anxieties, poem, love, emotionally touched
UPDATING THE STUDENTS’ MASTERY ON DISCOURSE MARKERS TO IMPROVE THEIR READING SKILLS
Authors: Rahayu Endang Yuliani , Purwanto Sugeng
Published: September 2020

The current study aimed at justifying that updating or upgrading the mastery on discourse markers (DMs) could improve the students’ reading skills. It is arguably true that DMs do facilitate  readers to comprehend texts in terms of the logical and grammatical relation. Therefore, an action research involving 21 students randomly selected as the subjects of the study were conducted in Reading Classes. Pre-test, Post-test 1 and Post-test 2 were administered to generate the data consisting of the progress of their reading skills. Theoretical insights on DMs (function and uses) were also highlighted including the teaching procedures to support the findings of the classroom action research. It turns out that despite the fact that there are 4 types of DMs, only three of them were mostly used in the reading texts, namely contrastive, elaborative and inferential  markers. Updating or upgrading DMs proves effective to improve the students’ reading skills as there were increases in scores to indicate improvements.

Key words: discourse markers, action research, reading skills
TEACHING ALPAHBET FOR NON NATIVE ENGLISH LEARNERS: A CASE STUDY OF FIRST GRADERS
Authors: Widyaningrum Agnes , Octavia Vinna
Published: September 2020

Non-native English learners need time to learn English language since they just heard without knowing how to pronounce it correctly. This condition occurs in common Primary Schools because the students do not have foreign language background, at school as well as at home. The hidden curriculum focusing on students’ soft skills are not well administered as the school managements think that what they have to do in running the academic atmosphere is teaching well for their students. The first step in teaching English for young learners especially those who are non-native English learners is introducing English by getting to know it. Piaget’s child’s development contributes in helping teachers to know their student’s growth physically and mentally in order to help them learn better while they play different teacher’s roles. Piaget proves that cognitivism gives insight that is children’s develop through stages since they were born. First graders at their age is on the stage called preoperational with one of characteristics that is language development with the goal to create symbolic thought. One way to achieve this goal is by teaching alphabet for first graders.
POVERTY AND FAITH AS REFLECTED IN MAJID MAJIDI’S CHILDREN OF HEAVEN
Authors: Wulandari Diyah Fitri
Published: September 2020

People in the world are facing problem. The problems could be vary, like health, financial, education, poverty etc. In facing the problem, one’s should have a personal shield that can protect him/herself from doing bad deeds. Faith is one of the personal shield. Children of Heaven is a film which tells about main characters’ problem dealing with poverty. This study aimed at analyzing the main characters’ faith in coping problems dealing with poverty.  This is a qualitative study. The data in this study were taken from Majid Majidi’s Children of heaven. The result of this study found that faith brings the main role in the main character’s attitude. Ali, and his family shows how they can cope their problems dealing with poverty and the faith as their personal shield. The manifestation of the faith are shown in character’s attitude like patience, obedience to the parents, and honesty.
EGO DEFENSE MECHANISM OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN "FIGHT CLUB" NOVEL (1996) PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDY
Authors: Puspito Agus Hadi , Widyaningrum Agnes
Published: September 2020

This research paper analyzed the ego defense mechanism by Sigmund Freud that are found in the main character of “Fight Club“ novel. The author of novel is Chuck Palahniuk in 1996. This research applied qualitative study, and the data are derived from the novel. The researcher focuses on causes of defense mechanism, the ego defense mechanism that the main character experienced and the effect that the main character got. The researcher found that anxiety is the cause why defense mechanism of the main character can active. The main character also applied ego defense mechanism namely displacement and reaction formation. And the effect for the main character is he becomes more bravely and easier to accept the reality.

            The ego defense mechanism is an unconscious psychological process that helps a person overcome anxiety due to a stressful internal or external  environment. The defense mechanism finds its origin in Freud's structural theory of mind, which divides the human mind into three parts: id, ego, and superego. The interaction of the ego and superego gives rise to morality, guilty, and a conscience.
MOOD TYPE AND APPRAISAL REALIZED IN THE ONLINE JAKARTA POST EDITORIAL ISSUED ON MARCH 12TH, 2018 "VOTERS NEED MORE CANDIDATES"
Authors: Pratama Alpian Bagus , Rustipa Katharina
Published: September 2020

This research attempt to investigate an editorial text of the online Jakarta Post entitled “Voters Need More Candidates” Issued on March 12th, 2018 with two research questions, i.e. (1) What kinds of mood system are realized in the text of “Voters need more candidates”? (2) What kinds of author’s attitude, engagement and graduation are reflected in the text? This research used qualitative research tradition Method. This research found out that the type of mood mostly used in editorial text entitled Voter Need More Candidates is declarative. The lexical of appraisal system are Judgment-Attitude (9%) and Appreciation Attitude (91); Mono-glossic-Engagement (36.84%), Dialogic Contraction-Engagement (15.79%) and Dialogic Expansion-Engagement (47.37%)); Force-Graduation (100%).
MEMBANGUN FIQH EKOLOGI BERBASIS MASLAHAH
Authors: Rahwan Rahwan
Published: September 2020

Talking about the environment, it means talking about the environment around us, covering the entire ecosystem. Environment consists of flora and fauna, biotic and abiotic (and inanimate objects). Life environment are interdependent with each other. Human small part of the environment. This environment will determine the fate of human life. Will provide a conducive environment and secure quality of life, on the contrary, if the environment is less conducive it will result in insecure or lacking in quality even really threaten the safety of humans and the entire ecosystem in the world. Fiqh as Islamic law governing the pattern of human relationships with God and neighbor, and also discuss the human relationship with the environment. The share issue fiqh in an effort to maintain harmonious environment by providing rules or code of ethics of human relationships with the environment. As the ban on harming the environment and the obligation of preserving the environment. This environmental management is based to the proposition - proposition tipsily, namely al-Qur'an, al-Hadith, and the general principles of law legeslasi. When fiqh took part in preserving the environment, then the whole mukallaf particular awareness of environmental issues related to land, air and sea. So they have a high concern for the environment. Giving rights owned by the environment, such as the right to life and the right to expand, not plunder and exploit. With so environment remain stable, beautiful and conducive. Along with other human beings be peaceful. Based on the above views of researchers seeks to conduct research in matters of environmental jurisprudence. With the aim of formulating a comprehensive environmental fiqh, systematic, and akuntebel and can deal with the issue of global warming.
PENDEKATAN BEHAVIOR TERHADAP EFIKASI DIRI
Authors: Hasan Nur
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation of behavior approach toward self-efficacy. Subjects of this study totaled 35 students. Data collected by behavior approach scale (operant conditioning) and self-efficacy scale. Analisis that used in this research is the statistical data analysis by the number of data pairs of product moment correlation. Based on the analysis turned out the value of r xy = 0.394. This number is greater than the significance level of 5% = 0.334 to N = 35. It means significant that the null hypothesis reads "there is no correlation between behavior approach toward self-efficacy of students" (rejected). So there is correlation between behavior approach (operant conditioning) toward self efficacy of students.