bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Environmental Performances of EU Countries and Türkiye
Authors: Karaman Nur Aslıhan , Alp İhsan
Published: July 2024

The paper aims to evaluate the environmental performance efficiency of (European Union (EU) countries and to calculate Türkiye's position among these countries. The performance of EU countries and Türkiye for the period 2010-2022 is assessed using the variables of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG), Material Flows (MF) and Tree Cover Loss (TCL). For this purpose, Decoupling Analysis and Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index (MTFPI) were applied. As a result of the analysis, there was no productivity change in Lithuania, Slovakia, Sweden and Türkiye. In the same period, there is an increase in productivity change for 12 countries and a decrease for 12 countries. In general, total factor productivity increased in 1 country and decreased in 27 countries during the study period. The country with the highest increase in technical productivity change, in other words technological development, was Hungary with 3.7 percent. According to the decoupling elasticities of these 28 countries, the decoupling elasticity indices of GHG and MF are positive for Türkiye and Greece. For Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, France, France, Germany, Portugal and Spain, the decoupling index of GHG and MF from GDP is negatively elastic for that period. For the decoupling index of TCL from GDP, Germany shows an elasticity greater than one in that period.
Pollination Efficiency of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on Flowers of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae) at Doyaba (Sarh, Chad)
Authors: Tchindebe Georges , Ningatoloum Clautin , Kosini Daniel , Farda Daniel , . Dounia , Tchuenguem Fohouo Fernand-Nestor
Published: July 2024

To evaluate the impact of single visit of Apis mellifera on pod and seed yields of Phaseolus vulgaris Large White Seeds variety, the foraging and pollinating activities of the honey bee were studied in Sarh, during 2021 and 2022 rainy seasons. Treatments included unlimited flowers access by all visitors, bagged flowers, flowers limited visits by A. mellifera only and flowers bagged, opened and closed without insect or other organism visits. The foraging behavior of A. mellifera on flowers and its pollination efficiency were recorded. Apis mellifera was the most frequent visitor and it intensely and exclusively collected nectar. The fruiting rate of unprotected flowers is significantly higher than that of protected flowers. Through its pollination efficiency, A. mellifera had increase significally the fruiting rate by 52.27%, the number of seeds/pod by 30.79% and the percentage of normal seeds by 84.03%. The conservation strategies and installation of A. mellifera colony close to P. vulgaris fields is recommended to improve its pod production and seed quality in the province.
Postoperative Pain Comparison: Manual K-Files vs Pedoflex Rotary Files in Primary Molar Root Canals
Authors: Vyas Dr. Astha , Poptani Dr. Rita , Parkar Dr. Shifa Shahabuddin , V Dr. Lekshmi , Sowki Dr. Niharika , Rodda Dr. Rajashekhar
Published: July 2024

This study evaluated postoperative pain in pediatric patients after root canal treatment with two file systems: Manual K-files and Pedoflex Rotary files. Sixty children, aged 6-10, were randomized into two groups of 30. Pain was assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours post-treatment. Results showed significantly lower pain levels in the Pedoflex Rotary file group at all time points (mean VAS at 6 hours: 2.4 vs. 3.8; at 12 hours: 1.8 vs. 3.2; at 24 hours: 1.2 vs. 2.5; at 48 hours: 0.6 vs. 1.8). Pedoflex Rotary files provide a more comfortable postoperative experience.
Simulation of Massive MIMO Antennas for Improved Link Throughput
Authors: Durodola Omotayo May , Onu Kingsley Okechukwu , Dung Joshua Fom , Auta Richard M. , Rita-Rose E. B.
Published: July 2024

Massive MIMO technology involves deploying multiple antennas on both ends of a communication link, which boosts spatial diversity and signal-to-noise ratio. By using multi-user MIMO transmission and techniques like spatial multiplexing and beamforming, it increases capacity, spectral efficiency, and data rates. Simulations conducted with tools like Octave software help engineers to optimize designs, predict system behavior, and assess the impact of antenna quantity on downlink throughput. This study addresses the increasing demand for high downlink data rates within modern communication networks. It explores the performance of Massive MIMO systems through simulations using Octave software, focusing on the quantity of antenna elements (M), and considering both spectral efficiency (SE) and data throughput. Results show higher M enhances both spectral efficiency and data rates. Efficiency dips at M=10, surges at M=40, and slowly, but steadily grows from M=50 to 100. Similar trends in data rates indicate M's impact on transmission performance.  SE values range from 5.8442 bps/Hz (M = 10) to 24.1608 bps/Hz (M = 100), while data rates range from 116.8834 Mbps (M = 10) to 483.2158 Mbps (M = 100). These insights offer practical guidance for engineers and could facilitate the optimization of wireless communication setups and addressing the imperative for improved data rates. The study advances the understanding of Massive MIMO's potential, providing a roadmap for effectively leveraging its capabilities across diverse communication network scenarios.
Farm Laws versus Field Realities: Understanding India’s Agricultural Markets
Authors: Chatterjee Shoumitro , Krishnamurthy Mekhala
Published: July 2024

This paper evaluates the actual state of agricultural markets and existing agricultural market regulation in India. It contrasts this with the design of the new “farm laws,” and argues that those reforms may be misdirected in many respects. The paper makes a case for better understanding of intermediation, the need for several kinds of public investment, improvements in production conditions in agriculture, and attention to the broader economic context within which agricultural marketing reforms occur.
Separation Without End: Translated Excerpts from Surjit Sarna’s Book, Vichode Ban Gaye Sadiyan
Authors: Sarna Navtej Singh
Published: July 2024

This paper provides excerpts from a new translation of noted Punjabi poet Surjit Sarna’s book, Vichode Ban Gaye Sadiyan, written after the death of her husband, Mohinder Singh Sarna, also a noted Punjabi writer. The excerpts are organized around important places from Surjit Sarna’s life and her relationship with her husband, and not necessarily by chronology. They provide vignettes into daily life from that time, the impacts of Partition, and Punjabi literary life. The excerpts are preceded by a biographical introduction to Surjit Sarna’s life.
অদ্বৈত মল্লবর্মণ : জীবন যখন সাহিত্য
Authors: সিরাজ সালেকীন সিরাজ সালেকীন
Published: July 2024

তিনটি উপন্যাস, চারটি ছোটগল্প, একটি উপন্যাসের অনুবাদ, কয়েকটা কবিতা-প্রবন্ধ- নিবন্ধ ও লোকসাংস্কৃতিক সংগ্রহ নিয়ে অদ্বৈত মল্লবর্মণের [১৯১৪-১৯৫১] সাহিত্যিক জীবন। তিতাসপাড়ের মৎস্যজীবী মল্লবর্মণ বা মালো পরিবারের সন্তান অদ্বৈত কেবল পেশার অভিজ্ঞতা নয়, দারিদ্র্য ও ব্রাত্যজনের প্রান্তিকতাবোধও লাভ করেছিলেন শৈশবাবধি। অদ্বৈতরা তিন ভাই ও এক বোন; শৈশবেই হারিয়েছেন পিতামাতা, দুই ভাই; যৌবনের সূচনায় এসে, ১৯৩৪ সালে কলকাতায় বসবাস শুরুর আগেই হারিয়েছেন একমাত্র বোনটিকে। মৃত্যুর সঙ্গে জীবনগতির সম্পর্ক অনুধাবনের ব্যাপারটি অদ্বৈতের ক্ষেত্রে তাই জৈবিক, রক্তমাংসে গেঁথে যাওয়ার মতো ব্যাপার। আর আছে পরিপার্শ্বের ক্ষমতার চর্চা ধর্ম-বর্ণ ও অর্থনৈতিক ব্যবস্থায়, আরেক রূপ প্রকৃতিতে অপ্রতিরোধ্য জলে ও ডাঙায়; প্রত্যক্ষ উৎপাদন নয় এমন সংগ্রহের পেশায় প্রাকৃতিক নিয়মে চলে প্রবল ঘূর্ণাবর্ত – আর সমাজেও অর্থনীতির কেন্দ্র তো বহুদূর, এর তল খুঁজে পায় না মালোরা। সম্ভবত এ কারণেই অদ্বৈত স্বভাবত চাপা, সলজ্জ ও বিব্রত। মালোদের পেশার সঙ্গে শিক্ষার যোগসূত্র অর্থনৈতিক বা সামাজিকভাবে অনিবার্য নয়, অথচ ছোটবেলা থেকেই পড়াশুনার প্রতি আগ্রহী হওয়ায় মালোসমাজই এবিষয়ে সম্মিলিতভাবে অদ্বৈতর দায়িত্ব গ্রহণ করে । সম্মিলিত এই বোধে সম্ভবত বহুমাত্রিক মুক্তির দিকনির্দেশনা প্রকাশ পায়। প্রত্যক্ষ একটি কারণ ছিল, লেখাপড়া জানা থাকলে মহাজনের খাতার লেখায় তাদের প্রতারিত হওয়া প্রতিহত করা যাবে অর্থাৎ ততদিনে 'কালা আখরের' মূল্য সর্বত্র বিস্তার লাভ করেছে এবং মালোরাও তার দ্বারা প্রলুব্ধ হয়েছে। আমরা জানতে পাই, দৃঢ়চিত্তের অদ্বৈত এই শুভচেতনার প্রতিদান দিতে চেষ্টা করেছেন উত্তরকালে, কলকাতায় বসবাসকালে তাঁর সামান্য রোজগারের কিছু অংশ তিতাসপাড়ের মালোপাড়ার স্কুল চালানোর জন্য খরচ করতেন।
বাঙালি মুসলমানের চিন্তাধারা : ব্রিটিশ যুগ
Authors: হাবিব আর রহমান হাবিব আর রহমান
Published: July 2024

ব্রিটিশ শাসনসূত্রে পাশ্চাত্য বিদ্যার সঙ্গে পরিচয়ের ফলে উনিশ শতকের প্রারম্ভ থেকে বাঙালি হিন্দু সমাজে এক নতুন চেতনার জাগরণ ঘটতে থাকে। এরই উদ্ভাসন লক্ষ করা যায় নবজাগ্রত এই সমাজের নানামুখী কর্মকাণ্ডে। দুর্ভাগ্যবশত প্রতিবেশী যে আরেকটি বড় সমাজ বাংলায় অস্তিত্বমান, সেই মুসলমান সমাজে ওই নববিদ্যার সঙ্গে পরিচয়ের অভাবে অনুরূপ চেতনার জাগরণ তখন ঘটেনি। শতকের শেষ দিক থেকে ক্ষুদ্রাকারে হলেও মুসলিম শিক্ষিত মধ্যবিত্ত শ্রেণি গড়ে উঠতে থাকে। তাদের সক্রিয়তার প্রকাশ লক্ষ করা যায় সংঘ-সমিতি গঠন, সংবাদ-সাময়িকপত্রের প্রতিষ্ঠা, সাহিত্যচর্চা ইত্যাদি কর্মপ্রয়াসে। বিশ শতকের শুরু থেকে এই প্রয়াসে যথেষ্ট গতি লক্ষ করা যায় এবং হিন্দু সমাজের প্রায় অনুরূপ ঘটনা মুসলিম সমাজেও ঘটতে থাকে।
সাঈদ আহমদের নাট্য নিরীক্ষা : অ্যাবসার্ড রূপকল্প, বাংলার মেটাফর, উদারনৈতিক মানবতাবাদ ও জাতীয়তাবাদের অন্বয়
Authors: শাহমান মৈশান শাহমান মৈশান
Published: July 2024

এই প্রবন্ধে বহুমাত্রিক সৃজনশীল ব্যক্তিত্ব সাঈদ আহমদের নাট্যসত্তা ও তাঁর নাট্যসম্ভার বিশ্লেষণ করা হয়েছে। তার্কিক (পলিমিক) প্রণালীতে সাঈদ আহমদের নাট্য সংক্রান্ত বিদ্যমান সমালোচনার ক্ষেত্রটিতে বিচরণ করা হয়েছে পূর্ববর্তী সমালোচকদের মতামত প্রশ্নহীনভাবে মেনে নেবার জন্য নয়, বরং বাহাসে জড়িয়ে অনুসন্ধান করা হয়েছে সাঈদ আহমদের নাটকে আত্মস্থ অ্যাবসার্ড রীতির বিশিষ্টতা। অন্যদিকে, এই লেখায় চিহ্নিত করা হয়েছে সাঈদের অ্যাবসার্ড ধারার নাটকে বাংলার মেটাফর কীভাবে তাঁর নাটকে জাতীয়তাবাদী চেতনার বিস্ফোরণ ঘটিয়েছে। আবার এও খোঁজা হয়েছে সাঈদ আহমদের অ্যাবসার্ড ধারার নাটকে অভিযোজিত জাতীয়তাবাদী চেতনা কোন শৈল্পিক ও মানবিক তাড়নায় এক বিশ্বজনীন উদারনৈতিক মানবতাবাদের ছায়াতল সৃষ্টি করতে উন্মুখ হয়েছে।
চম্পকনগরের উপকথা : প্রসঙ্গ সুরভাবনা
Authors: কাজী তামান্না হক সিগমা কাজী তামান্না হক সিগমা
Published: July 2024

মধ্যযুগের একটি জনপ্রিয় আখ্যানকাব্য মনসামঙ্গল । প্রতিযুগে মঙ্গলাকাঙ্ক্ষী মানুষ এ-কাব্যকীর্তন শ্রবণ করে নিজেদের রসপিপাসা ও ধর্মপিপাসা চরিতার্থ করেছে। জনপ্রিয় এ-কাব্য নিয়ে নবতর নিরীক্ষায় অবতীর্ণ হয়েছে ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় থিয়েটার এন্ড পারফরম্যান্স স্টাডিজ বিভাগ। এ-বিভাগের প্রযোজনায় মনসামঙ্গলের রূপান্তরিত নাট্যরূপ চম্পকনগরের উপকথার সুরভাবনা নিয়ে পরিকল্পিত হয়েছে এ-প্রবন্ধ৷
Factors that affect the accuracy of submitting SKPK Treasurer Accountability Reports to the Aceh Tamiang Regency Government
Authors: Nurmala Eka , Sultan Sultan , T. M. Jamil  , Arfah Mahbub , Wibisono Yohan
Published: July 2024

The application of accounting standards in the country in the management of regional finance has an impact on regional budget implementation responsibility reports (APBD). This type of research is quantitative descriptive and describes the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Meanwhile, human resource factors, treasurer facilities, and infrastructure, treasurer's term of office, regulations, the intensity of management training, and accountability of SKPD treasurers, as well as unclear roles in the Aceh Tamiang district government have a big influence—the impact of the timeliness of submitting regional government accountability reports. In several cases, the variable intensity of administrative training and responsibilities of SKPD accountants (X5), as well as the ambiguity of the role (X6) produced a positive impact on the timeliness of government reporting in the regions.
STUDY OF YOUTH AWARENESS OF THE SPECIFICS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE YOUTH POLICY IN UKRAINE
Authors: MOSORA Larysa , KURUS Rostyslav
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the role of youth in the formation and implementation of state youth policy. The author proves that youth is a powerful «resource» for any state. The further success of all social processes depends on how conscious and active young people are. In March 2024, a sociological survey was conducted among young people aged 14-35, the results of which formed the basis of the scientific article. The main purpose of such a sociological survey is to study the views of young people on possible prospects for participation in the formation of youth policy and their vision of current directions for the implementation of youth policy in Ukraine. The process of forming a questionnaire, developing questions and determining the age category of respondents, which was the main focus of the study, is revealed. It is noted that the questionnaire was created in Google form, which facilitated the process of sending the questionnaire to Viber and Telegram, as well as posting it on Facebook and Instagram. The author lists the questions included in the questionnaire and emphasizes which ones were emphasized. The answers to the questions presented in the questionnaire were analyzed. At the same time, the answers to individual questions that are interrelated were compared. Based on the analysis of the questionnaires, the relevant conclusions were drawn. In particular, the following issues need to be addressed: raising awareness among young people about opportunities to influence state-building processes, as well as about youth councils and youth NGOs; getting young people interested rather than forcing them to do something; ensuring conditions for youth participation by creating youth advisory bodies; holding events and implementing programmes and projects developed by young people; and systematic support for youth work by the authorities.
Medical trainee perceived value of community service as they progress through training based on curriculum vitae analysis
Authors: Ying Yvonne , Zuccaro Laura , Nahiddi Nima
Published: July 2024

Background: Participation in community service work is often used as a surrogate for measurement of humanitarianism and altruism in medical school applicants during the selection process. Students who continue to be involved in community service during medical school score higher in empathy scales and perform better academically. Despite this, student involvement in community service has not been well studied, particularly during postgraduate training. Methods: First-year medical student (MS1), first year resident (PGY1), and final year resident (FYR) curriculum vitaes (CVs) were collected. CVs were analyzed using NVivo to determine the percentage of each CV committed to demonstrating different activities. These percentages were then analysed for patterns of change as trainees progress through their medical education. Results: Fifty-nine trainees (12 MS1, 24 PGY1, and 23 FYR.) submitted CVs for analysis. Community service gradually becomes a less significant portion of a medical trainee’s CV. Volunteering in the community goes from 22.5% of a medical student applicant´s resume to 2.9% of a graduating resident's CV. Volunteering within the school however remains consistent (11.3–13%). Much of the community volunteer activities are replaced by research, which increases from 19.2%– 43.4% of the CV. Conclusions: Medical trainees place decreasing value on presenting their community service involvement as they progress through training, while research increasingly dominates their CV. However, service activities within their institutions remain constant.
LOS CONTRATOS TERRITORIALES COMO APUESTA POR LA SOSTENIBILIDAD SOCIAL Y MEDIOAMBIENTAL DE LAS ZONAS RURALES
Authors: Fernández Domínguez Juan José
Published: July 2024

Los efectos que conllevan las herramientas de lucha contra el cambio climático hacen insoslayable apostar por una transición equitativa hacia economías verdes, lo cual exige integrar los objetivos climáticos con políticas sociales y económicas destinadas a reducir la vulnerabilidad, apoyar a los afectados por el cambio climático y crear empleos dignos. Por tal razón, la transición justa pretendida ha de tutelar la innovación de las distintas actividades, poner en valor aquellas ocupaciones calificadas como esenciales asociadas a los empleos denominados verdes y apostar por la inversión en la reconversión organizativa de los ámbitos funcionales clásicos. Bajo tales premisas, una transición hacia la economía verde constituye una oportunidad no sólo para introducir cambios en los procesos productivos de las industrias más tradicionales capaces de mejorar la competitividad empresarial y las posibilidades de negocio, sino para la creación de nuevos puestos de trabajo en ámbitos emergentes sostenibles desde el punto de vista de la neutralidad climática. Tales fenómenos contribuirán no sólo a la mejora del medio ambiente sino también a la dignificación y seguridad en las condiciones de trabajo, fomentando, a la postre, la ansiada cohesión social interterritorial, a través del impulso de actividades variadas, tal y como sucede con el sector de energías renovables, reciclaje, tratamiento de residuos y reutilización, automoción y transporte sostenible, agricultura, ganadería y pesca, industria química o construcción de edificios ecológicos y regeneración de los existentes.
Beach Cleaning Action Movement as an Effort to Create Environmentally Friendly Tourism on Kapu Beach, Kolaka Regency
Authors: Nurfadillah  , Ardiansyah Awi , Astuti Dwi , Mutmainna Mutmainna , Nurhalizah Nurhalizah , Saputra Fahmi , Ahyar Haeril , Syaiful Muhammad , Anggraini Yuyun
Published: July 2024

Kolaka is one of the districts in Southeast Sulawesi. Kolaka Regency is a coastal area located in Southeast Sulawesi Province. Kolaka is like a hidden paradise on the west coast of Sulawesi Island. As a large area that borders the sea, namely Bone Bay to the west. Kolaka Regency has a coastline that stretches for 293.45 km, decorated with white sandy beaches, clear sea water. One potential that is worth paying attention to as a tourist destination is Kapu Beach, which is located in Kapu Village, Samaturu District, Kolaka Regency. However, currently, Kapu Beach is polluted with lots of plastic and organic waste scattered around and reducing the beauty of the beach. The method used in this activity is the observation method. The first stage that was carried out began with coordination with the local government and the management of Kapu Beach. The second stage, namely checking the condition of the tourist beaches that would be cleaned, as well as preparing paint for re-tightening the trees and aesthetic photo spots. The third stage, This stage carries out the process of cleaning the beach tourism environment and painting several photo spots. What is meant by the observation method is a way of collecting information from relevant data by observing. The result of this activity for the surrounding community is to build self-awareness for the community to care about the beach and coastal environment and also be aware of the dangers of environmental pollution, considering that the location where they live is on the coast of Kapu Village. Based on the results of the service carried out, the conclusion that can be drawn from the beach clean-up activity is that it was held smoothly and in accordance with the previously planned activity structure, and cleaning up rubbish at the tourist attraction was not easy, the large number of visitors not only had a positive impact on tourist attractions but there There is also a negative impact, namely, where a lot of plastic waste is found both around the gazebo and even on the coast, there is also a lot of waste used from visitors' food. It is important to maintain the cleanliness of the beach tourism environment so that it can be managed well and optimally.
La organización de la enseñanza de las prácticas preprofesionales en el desarrollo de competencias
Authors: Manzano Wilson Saúl
Published: July 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es analizar la organización de la enseñanza de las prácticas profesionales en el desarrollo de competencias profesionales de los estudiantes de la Carrera de Terapia Ocupacional de la Universidad Central del Ecuador. En cuanto a la metodología, el tipo de estudio es analítico e interpretativo a partir de un diseño documental o bibliográfico.
De esa manera, se analizó la perspectiva epistemológica del proyecto de diseño curricular académico de la Carrera de Terapia Ocupacional (2017) de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, y la evidencia científica con relación a las prácticas preprofesionales y las competencias. Los resultados de este análisis muestran que la perspectiva epistemológica del diseño curricular es planteada desde varios horizontes epistemológicos tales como el sociocrítico, conectivista y sistémico; sin embargo, no converge en una corriente pedagógica que sustente el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las prácticas preprofesionales para el desarrollo de las competencias. Además, es importante destacar la influencia histórica de la carrera considerando que se desenvuelve en el ámbito de la salud, caracterizada por un enfoque positivista. Con relación al análisis de los artículos científicos, existe información variada relacionada a las competencias y a las prácticas preprofesionales, de la cuales hemos elegido a los autores más importantes. Finalmente, se concluye con la postura del investigador con la convicción de dar un aporte teórico y científico mediante el estudio realizado.
Formación pedagógica basada en competencias didácticas de estudiantes de la carrera de educación básica del Ecuador
Authors: Mendieta León Julia Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

La educación es un derecho que se efectiviza mediante un proceso intencional e integral de perfeccionamiento de las capacidades humanas. La formación pedagógica, por su lado, es un proceso continuo, sistemático y constructivo con la finalidad de enseñar, perfeccionar y generar conocimientos, con y desde los estudiantes que se preparan para el ejercicio profesional de la docencia, con la visión de coadyuvar en el progreso demandado por la sociedad, en conformidad a las necesidades estudiantiles. La relevancia de este tema motivó la redacción del presente artículo, cuyo objetivo es efectuar un análisis documental de la formación pedagógica basada en competencias didácticas de estudiantes de la carrera Educación Básica del Ecuador, a fin de presentar un aporte teórico-reflexivo. El método utilizado consiste en un enfoque documental, de carácter cualitativo, efectuado mediante la revisión de textos. Se concluyó en que el alcance de las competencias se perfila más hacia los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en que se procure un desarrollo sostenible, basado en habilidades y técnicas profesionales tendientes a un crecimiento económico inclusivo, mientras se satisfacen los requerimientos de la sociedad. El desafío para la Universidad de Loja, docentes y estudiantes de la carrera Educación Básica, será plantearse nuevas formas de pensar el trabajo, la incorporación de actualizadas herramientas para hacerlo, así como de formas distintas de aprender. Se sugiere concordar la relación entre bases y fundamentos de la didáctica, para partir de lo expresado de acuerdo con las técnicas, modelos y estrategias establecidos por esta ciencia para la concreción de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Les corresponde acometer acciones en cuanto a los cambios que deban hacerse a los contenidos curriculares de la carrera Educación Básica, a objeto de enfilarse decididamente hacia la formación pedagógica basada en competencias didácticas, para el beneficio del sistema educativo.
THE FUTURE OF UNIVERSITIES IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: FORECASTS AND TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors: Mamadalieva K. A. , Attokurov U. T. , Alimamatova Ch. A.
Published: July 2024

The article “The Future of Universities in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Forecasts and Transformations” examines the prospects for the development of higher education institutions against the backdrop of the ever-increasing influence of AI technologies. The authors examine how personalizing learning, automating administrative tasks, expanding research capabilities and the need to develop future skills could radically change the university environment. Particular attention is paid to the ethical and social challenges that arise in connection with the integration of AI into the educational process. The article offers a comprehensive look at the potential transformation of educational institutions and emphasizes the importance of adapting to new realities in the era of digitalization.
Predicting Customer Purchase Behavior Using Machine Learning Models
Authors: Deniz Emre , Bülbül Semanur Çökekoğlu
Published: July 2024

In this study, we aim to predict customer purchase behavior using various machine learning models to better understand customer tendencies and enhance marketing strategies. We use a dataset containing demographic and behavioral data, including age, gender, annual income, number of purchases, product category, time spent on the website, loyalty program membership, and discounts availed. Our analysis involves data preprocessing, exploratory data analysis (EDA), and feature engineering. We then train and evaluate six different machine learning models: Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and XGBoost. The models are assessed using metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC AUC. Results indicate that ensemble models, specifically Random Forest and Gradient Boosting, outperform the other models in terms of accuracy and ROC AUC. The study concludes that ensemble models are highly effective for predicting customer purchase behavior, providing valuable insights for businesses to tailor their marketing efforts. Future research could explore additional features, more advanced models, and real-time prediction capabilities.
PRECONDITIONS TO REGULATORY COMPETITION
Authors: Lanneau Régis
Published: July 2024

Regulatory competition is often believed to be a hard fact of the post globalization era. Legal systems must be economically “attractive” – and thus law makers must work to achieve this purpose. However, this view – as simple and seductive as it is – is not sound. Indeed, a quick analysis of the preconditions to regulatory competition will show that far from being a brutal reality, it is quite reduced, even in the context of the European Union. This article has two purposes. The first one is theoretical: what are the conditions required to enter regulatory competition in the real life? This question will lead to a new “understanding” of regulatory competition’s problematics. For example, it will be made clear that the doing business approach is largely flawed. Indirectly this question will also lead to an inquiry into the interconnections that exist between legal system and the necessity to think about a new model (like coopetition). The second one is more practical. To what extent should law makers be focused on the attractiveness of their own legal system? Clearly, they will have to pay attention to this dimension, but their freedom in choosing a rule is wider than it seems under the regulatory competition’s approach. Frequently paying attention only to the internal efficiency of their system is sufficient.
Comparison of Radial Artery Occlusion Occurrence Between Compression Band Device and Manually Applied Gauze Compression After Transradial Coronary Procedure
Authors: Ramos Hazelene Joyce G , Marcelo Jhoanna G , Estacio Ronaldo H , Tanque Maribel G
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION: Hemostasis of the radial artery after transradial coronary procedure can be achieved either manually by means of a gauze or through a device compression band, and radial artery occlusion (RAO) is one of its common complications. The study sought to compare the occurrence of RAO between the two hemostasis methods being used after a transradial coronary procedure.

METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint study. A total of 137 patients undergoing a transradial coronary procedure were randomized equally using block randomization sampling technique. Radial artery patency was evaluated by color duplex ultrasonography within 24 to 72 hours after the procedure. The primary endpoint was early RAO. Secondary endpoints included complications such as access-site bleeding, pain, and hematoma.

RESULTS: Three (2.19%) early RAOs occurred: one (1.47%) in the band compression device group and two (2.9%) in the manual gauze compression group (P = 1.000). There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding access-site bleeding (type 1 bleeding, 3 [4.48%] vs 2 [2.90%]; P = 0.678), pain (median pain score of 0 [0–6] vs 0 [0–7]; P = 0.742), and hematoma (grade I: 3 [4.41%]vs 2 [2.9%]; grade II: 0 vs 2 [2.9%]; grade III: none, and grade IV: 0 vs 2 [2.9%]) (P = 0.363).

DISCUSSION: Compression band device and manually applied gauze compression have similar rates of early RAO, access-site bleeding, pain, and hematoma.

KEYWORDS: compression band device, hemostasis, manual gauze compression, radial artery occlusion
Isolated Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
Authors: Go Franz Albert , Ho James O
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Isolated partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) is a very rare variant of PAPVC, and involves the anomalous drainage of the right upper pulmonary vein into the superior vena cava (SVC) with no associated inter-atrial septal defect.

CASE: We present a case of an isolated PAPVC occurring in 26-year old female patient who presented with palpitations, exertional dyspnea and easy fatigability. Physical examination revealed a dynamic precordium, a right ventricular heave, and a tricuspid regurgitation murmur. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed right atrial, ventricular, and main pulmonary artery dilatation with moderate pulmonary hypertension. Hemodynamic studies revealed an isolated PAPVC with severe pulmonary hypertension. She underwent Warden’s procedure (superior vena cava translocation with atriocaval anastomosis), which remarkably improved her symptoms.

CONCLUSION: This case report shows a very rare case of isolated PAPVC presenting with heart failure symptoms and right-sided chamber enlargement. The clinical presentation is not specific and may mimic more common diseases, such as acyanotic atrial septal defect and primary pulmonary hypertension. A high index of suspicion is important in diagnosing the disease in patients with right-sided cardiac chamber dilatation.
Indications and Outcomes of Inferior Vena Cava Filter Insertion in a Tertiary Hospital in Metro Manila, Philippines: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yap-Uy Ma. Krizia Camille , Uy Lester , Diaz-Garcia Ramayana
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION: Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters entrap emboli from the periphery going to the pulmonary circulation, preventing pulmonary embolism (PE). Studies show that many IVC filter insertions are done for weak or non–guideline-directed indications. This study examined the indications for IVC filter insertion in a tertiary care hospital in Metro Manila, adherence to society guidelines, and clinical outcomes after filter insertion.

METHODS: This study is a retrospective cohort involving patients who received an IVC filter from January 2015 to February 2021. The main outcome was the indication for IVC filter. Other outcomes were strength of recommendation for filter placement and postfilter clinical outcomes: all-cause death, venous thromboembolism–related mortality, PE, and filter-related complications.

RESULTS: Eighty-three patients received IVC filters from January 2015 to February 2021, and 77 were included in the analysis. Sixty-one percent had moderate to strong indications for the procedure, 49% were due to contraindication to anticoagulation. Thirty-nine percent had unclear indications: 16% concomitantly received therapeutic anticoagulation, whereas 11% had isolated distal deep vein thrombosis. Mean follow-up was 170 days. Postfilter clinical outcomes included all-cause death in 12%, venous thromboembolism–related mortality in 1%, and PE in 3%. Filter complications occurred in 4%. Retrievable IVC filters were used in 51% with attempted removal in 4%, 3% of which were successful.

CONCLUSION: The majority of patients receiving IVC filters in our center had strong to moderate indications for the procedure. The use of retrievable filters and consequent retrieval is low and should be encouraged. Venous thromboembolism–related mortality and filter complications were low, comparable to international data.

KEYWORDS: echocardiography, laboratory, reader, resources, sonographer, survey
Comparison of Micro-bubble Hang-out Time and Cardiac Catheterization in Determining Reversal of Pulmonary Vascular Resistance by Oxygen Challenge Test Among Patients with Shunt Anomalies: The BUBBLE Study
Authors: Matheu-Jaluague Maria Johanna , Ong-Go Mary , Remotigue Francisco Emilio C , Vicaldo Efren R , Balderas Juliet J , Santos Romeo J
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVES: To determine the utility of micro-bubble hang-out time (MHT) in determining reversal of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) by oxygen challenge test among patients with shunt anomalies.

METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving 16 in-patients aged older than 14 years, with an isolated shunt anomaly, a pulmonary artery pressure of greater than 60 mmHg who underwent a hemodynamic study (HS). Agitated saline was injected intravenously before and after an oxygen challenge. MHT in the right sided chambers was measured in seconds using the apical 4-chamber view. Patient then had a HS within 24 hours, determining PVR and reversibility. Non-invasive and invasive parameters were then correlated.

RESULTS: Thirteen patients were found to have reversible PVR as determined by HS (pre-oxygen MHT of 76.36 s ± 25.35 and post-oxygen MHT of 37.18 s ± 15.04; p=0.001), and three patients had irreversible PVR (pre-oxygen MHT of 158.37 s ± 120.41 and post-oxygen MHT of 108.82 ± 80.17; p=0.167). A 60-s cut-off for post-oxygen MHT in determining reversibility had a 100% sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (Kappa=1.000).

CONCLUSION: A post-oxygen MHT cut-off of 60 s, independent of the pre-oxygen MHT, can be used as an alternative to an HS in labeling patients with isolated shunt anomalies and moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension, into those with reversible (≤ 60 s) and irreversible (> 60 s) PVR.

KEYWORDS: Contrast, bubble study, hang-out time, pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary hypertension, congenital heart disease, shunts.
January - June 2020 Editorial
Authors: Bernan Alisa P
Published: July 2024

We had to suffer the agony of loss as many colleagues succumbed to the severe acute respiratory syndrome – coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV2). People were forced to stay home because of the lockdowns while many of us in the medical community had to go take care of the sick as they come in the thousands. This is happening as we fear for our own safety and that of our loved ones.

The focus shifted as we rushed to man the hospital in separate shifts, to man the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 wards.

Many among us got sick or had to be quarantined. We had to suspend all research activities and even the biannual publication had to be delayed. The challenges we faced as individuals and as a community will be never be fathomed but we pray for the time when we could see each other again and for this pandemic to be over.

The vaccine for the SARS-CoV2 has just started to be released as of this writing and we look forward to a protected 2021 and beyond. Be safe everyone!
Effects of HER2 Receptor Antagonist (Trastuzumab And Lapatinib) on Cardiac Chamber Size and Function Measured by Echocardiography Among Early HER2 Positive Breast Cancer Patients in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Ablaza Paul John L , Banez Cresmelita M , Tapispisan Julie Ann
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION: The use of anti-HER2 breast cancer treatments, lapatinib and trastuzumab, improves patient outcomes but have been implicated to cause cardiac toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of these drugs on the cardiac size and function of patients, as measured by transthoracic echocardiography.

METHODS: This is a retrospective study of patients who received lapatinib alone (group 1), concurrent lapatinib and trastuzumab (group 2), trastuzumab followed by lapatinib (group 3) and trastuzumab alone (group 4) and had serial 2D-echocardiographic monitoring at baseline, six months, one year and two years post-therapy from 2008 to 2016. The following measures were recorded and compared serially: E-point septal separation (EPSS), stroke volume (SV) measured by bi-plane method, cardiac output (CO), ejection fraction (EF), mid-right ventricular diameter (RV Mid), left atrial diameter (LA AP), left ventricular volume index (LAVI) and mid-right atrial diameter (RA A-L). Follow-up echocardiographic measurements were compared with baseline measures using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

RESULTS: Patients in group 1 had decreased mean EF by 1%, 1%, and 6%; decreased mean CO by 3%, 2% and 2%; increased mean mid V diameter by 7%, 3% and 21% and increased mean LA AP diameter by 15%, 8%, and 13% from baseline compared to six months, one year and two years post-therapy (p<0.001). Patients in group 2 had increased EPSS by 13% and 5% at six months and one year post-therapy vs baseline; decreased EF by 2%, 4% and 2%; and increased LA diameter by 9%, 17% and 19% respectively (p<0.001). Patients in group 3 had decreased EF by 2%, 5% and 3%; decreased mid LA diameter by 3%, 5% and 4% and decreased LAVI by 13%, 18% and 14% respectively (p<0.001). Group 4 had decreased SV by 2%, 27% and 10%; decreased EF by 5%, 3% and 3%; increased mid RA diameter by 7%, 6% and 4% and increased LA size by 0.5%, 15% and 5%, respectively (p<0.001).

CONCLUSION: Lapatinib and trastuzumab, given alone, concurrently or sequentially, appear to affect cardiac size and function (EF, EPSS, RA and LA sizes) as measured by transthoracic echocardiography but not to levels beyond which the guidelines suggest treatment discontinuation.
The Filipino Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Outcomes Study (Filipino CPR 2015) Among Adult Cardiac Arrest Patients in Tertiary Hospitals in the Philippines: A Prospective Study
Authors: Adviento Jerelyn , Bugarin Orlando , Calvario Ma. Kristine Joy S , Junia Alex , Lavapie Francis , Soria Maria Luz Joanna , Encabo Regidor , Sandoval Vinhcent , Cruz Rochelle , Cruz Alvin Dela , Valdez Ivan , Cala Kathleen , Anico-Tondo Arnee , Mukaram Banisadar , Jaca Cecile , Catapang Aileen Lomarda , Salces Neil , Lesaca Ciara , Ogaco Gina , Diansuy Nina Noreen , Seguban Joseph Marc , Javier Marylis E , Acorda Nelson , Dispo Sharon , Awil Lotlot , Bautista Albert Hans , Avelino Ma. Magdalena , Lerios Jeannica Kriselle , Bagsit Nestor Lino , Reyes Don Robespierre , Rubrica Franco Onswald C , Amil Walid A , Mohammad Abdeltazer
Published: July 2024

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) saves lives, but proper techniques must be taught and practiced. Outcomes have to be assessed to improve patient survival. 

Methods: This is an observational, analytical, prospective study of CPR in adult cardiac arrest cases from selected tertiary hospitals in the Philippines. It describes the characteristics and clinical factors associated with CPR survival in the Philippines based on the American Heart Association 2010 guidelines. Validated Philippine Heart Association hospital cardiac arrest collection forms were used to gather data on the demographics, pre-arrest and CPR/code characteristics of the cases. The investigators analyzed survival outcomes from first arrest to initial return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) to hospital discharge. Epi Info 6 and STATA 11 statistical software were used for descriptive and inferential statistics, while the chi-square test was used for the association of variables (significant P-value set at <0.05). Stratified analysis and logistic regression analysis were done for confounders. Odds ratios (OR), 95% CI, and p-values were reported. 

Results: Out of 156 patients, 101 (65%) survived up to ROSC and hospital discharge. The investigators found significant differences in patient survival under the following factors: CPR medications (OR=16.729; 95% CI 1.979, 141.375; P=0.0097); and post-arrest therapeutic hypothermia (OR=8.745; CI 1.826, 41.882; P=0.0067). There were some decision errors on the use of defibrillation for shockable rhythms (26%) and non-shockable rhythms (14.5%). Eighteen rhythms were not properly identified. 

Conclusion: Decreased interval time from arrest to intubation and from arrest to call for code, CPR medications, and post-arrest therapeutic hypothermia were the most significant contributors to CPR survival in this study. Future training should address the errors in cardiac rhythm interpretation and defibrillator use. 

Keywords: CPR, ROSC, defibrillation, hypothermia, survival
Philippine Heart Association-Council on Hypertension Report on Survey of Hypertension (PRESYON 3): A Report on Prevalence of Hypertension, Awareness and Treatment Profile
Authors:   Philippine Heart Association-Council On Hypertension
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: The Council on Hypertension (COH) has observed a progressive rise in the prevalence of hypertension in the Philippines based on the series of nationwide surveys it conducted from 1992 up to 2007. The increasing prevalence was associated with low rates of blood pressure (BP) control and treatment compliance; an increasing prevalence of co-morbidities; and evidence of target organ damage.

With cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases being the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in the country, the COH conducted the present study as an update to determine the latest prevalence of hypertension, awareness, treatment profile and control rate, as well as the prevalence of co-morbidities and target organ damage.

METHODOLOGY: This is a randomized, prospective, multi-stage, stratified, nationwide survey on hypertension. The study surveyed 300 Filipinos per region (aged 12 years and above) for a total target population of 3,900. Prevalence of hypertension from this base population was analyzed. History, anthropometric measurements, risk factor and co-morbidity assessment were included in the survey.

RESULTS: This nationwide survey on hypertension conducted from December 2012 to May 2013 included 626 adolescent Filipinos (12-18 years old); 3,334 adults (≥18 years old); and 570 elderly Filipinos (≥ 60 years old). Of the total adult population (male: 48%, female: 52%), hypertension prevalence was 28%. The age- and gender- corrected prevalence of hypertension was 23%. The rate of increase started at age 30 years with male patients having a greater prevalence at age 30 to 39 years. Hypertension was more frequent among those aged at least 60 years. The prevalence of pre-hypertension was 48%; stage 1 hypertension was 48%; and stage 2 was 43%. The prevalence of hypertension was highest in Region 7 (Central Visayas) (35%), National Capital Region (33%) and Region 10 (North Mindanao) (32%). Prevalence was lowest in region 6 (Western Visayas) (13%). Prevalence was higher in urban (31%) than rural (25%) areas; and was highest in socio-economic class (SEC) Broad C (31%) and lowest in SEC-E patients (24%). Treatment rate was 56%, and was higher in urban areas and among SEC-AB/C+ (79%) and broad C (66%). Treatment compliance was 57%. The rate of BP control was 20%. Among those on medication, only 27% were controlled. The most commonly used antihypertensive medications were beta-blockers (36%); calcium channel blockers (CCB) (33%); angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) (28%); angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (5%); and centrally acting agents (4%). Majority were on monotherapy (86%).

KEYWORDS: Hypertension, Philippine prevalence, blood pressure awareness, compliance and control.
The Occurrence of Postoperative Residual Curarization among Post-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Nuevo Marion R , Nuevo Florian R
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Intermediate-acting muscle relaxants have gained favor in fast-track cardiac  anesthesia since these are associated with early extubation. However, postoperative residual  curarization (PORC) still occur in the post anesthesia care unit. This study aims to determine the  occurrence of PORC among post-coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients in the surgical  intensive care units (SICU) of the Philippine Heart Center. 

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was undertaken among 60 patients for elective CABG  surgery. Within an hour from SICU arrival, Train of Four (TOF) ratio was obtained and a value of  <0.7 signified the presence of PORC. 

RESULTS: 57 out of 60 (95%) were found to have PORC. Patients without PORC were  significantly warmer (36.4oC vs 34.8oC, p-value=0.019) upon SICU arrival compared to those  with PORC. The duration of ventilatory support was significantly longer in those with PORC  (510 min vs 305 mins, p-value=0.021). The rocuronium induction dose and duration of infusion  did not differ between those with and without PORC while the use of reversal drug was seen to  significantly prevent its occurrence (p-value=0.003). 

CONCLUSION: This study showed a high incidence of PORC among post-CABG patients in the  SICU with the current practice of Rocuronium infusion during surgery. The use of muscle relaxant  reversal drug was seen to significantly prevent the development of PORC while higher body  temperature upon SICU arrival was observed in patients that did not develop PORC. This study  was also able to show that the development of PORC prolonged post-operative mechanical  ventilatory support hindering the goals of fast-track cardiac surgery.
Predictors of Resuscitation Outcomes with Global Assessment of Neurologic Status and Overall Survival in Sudden Cardiac Arrest (PROGNOSIS Cardiac Arrest): A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yumul Arvin R , Manapat Normita
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION: Global survival rates from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remain poor, particularly in the Asian region. Literature on OHCA in the Philippines is limited. Better characterization of outcomes of patients with OHCA and predictors of improved survival may help improve the management of OHCA. This study aimed to determine the clinical profiles of patients who had OHCA and identify predictors of survival.

Methods: This was a single-center, prospective cohort study that included adult patients who had OHCA and brought to the Philippine Heart Center emergency room (ER) from May 2016 to September 2017. The clinical profiles and Utstein-based factors of cardiac arrest were collected and tabulated. The study outcomes were survival at 20 minutes, 24 hours, seven days and 30 days. Predictors of survival were determined using binary logistic regression.

Results: Two hundred nine patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 62 ± 16.8 years. Majority were males, had witnessed arrest, had OHCA that occurred during morning hours at the place of residence and had comorbidities. Only 12% received pre-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and <1% had automated external defibrillator (AED) administration.

The most common initial rhythm was asystole. The mean arrest-to-hospital and initial-in-hospital CPR duration were 25 minutes and 30 minutes, respectively. The survival rate was 26.3% at 20 minutes, 12.0% at 24 hours, 4.8% at 7 days and 2.4% at 30 days. Neurologic outcome was poor across all time intervals. Predictors of survival at 20 minutes included initial rhythm of ventricular fibrillation (VF) (OR 6.64; 95% CI 1.56-28.17; p=0.010), arrest-to-hospital arrival time interval ≤10 minutes (OR 12.02; 95% CI 4.12-35.06; p≤0.001) and initial-in-hospital CPR duration ≤20 minutes (OR 33.89; 95% CI 12.43-92.42; p≤0.001).

Conclusion: Overall survival rates of OHCA remain dismal and were associated with poor neurologic outcomes. Initial rhythm of VF, arrest-to-hospital arrival time interval of ≤ 10 minutes, and initial-in-hospital CPR duration of ≤ 20 minutes were positive predictors of survival.

Keywords: Sudden cardiac arrest, OHCA, survival predictors, PROGNOSIS.