bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Approach to Control of Fruit Drop and Improvement of Yield in Kinnow (Citrus nobilis X Citrus deliciosa)
Authors: KUMAR Ramesh , SHARMA Madhu , SINGH Shailesh Kumar
Published: November 2020

Fruit drop is a major problem with Kinnow mandarin in all fruit growing regions of the world. Kinnow growers suffer a greater economic loss when natural fruit drop (98.0 to 99.5 %) is accelerated by pathogenic infection, insect-pest infestation, and physiological or hormonal imbalance due to poor orchard management. The application of fungicides to minimize pathogenic attack; 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) to maintain hormonal balance; and KNO3 (Potassium nitrate) to maintain electrolytic balance and efficient utilization of nutrients for developing resistance against insect infestation has greater potential to reduce fruit drop in Kinnow. The fungicides, namely; Zeneb 75WP (0.25 %), Carzim-50 (0.1 %), Curzate M8 (0.25 %), COPRUS 50WP (0.3 %), and Cyproconazole 25EC (0.1 %), in combination with 2,4-D @ 20 ppm and KNO3 @ 1 %, were applied twice, in September and October, and the number of fruits fallen on the ground were counted to determine fruit drop. It was observed that application of T3 [Curzate M8 (0.25 %) + 2,4-D (20 ppm) + KNO3 (1 %)] was an excellent treatment for the integrated management of fruit drop in Kinnow as it had ensured the lowest (1.90-entomological, 3.53-pathological, and 4.75-physiological) fruit drop percentage with the highest fruit yield (432 fruits per plant).
Callus Induction and Plantlet Regeneration Systems in Indica Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivar Sangyod
Authors: HO Thi Linh , TE-CHATO Sompong , YENCHON Sureerat
Published: November 2020

This study was conducted to determine the optimum concentrations of 2, 4-D, L-proline and casein hydrolysate (CH) for efficient callus induction and plantlet regeneration from culturing mature embryos of Sangyod, an economically important indica rice variety in Thailand. The highest frequency of callus induction (73.08 ± 2.65 %) was obtained from MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 2,4-D, 750 mg/L CH and 200 mg/L L-proline. The combination of 1 mg/L BA, 0.5 mg/L Kn and 0.5 mg/L NAA containing solidified MS medium gave the maximum mean fresh weight of callus (938.9 ± 44 mg), green spot formation (64.17 ± 7.08 %), shoot induction frequency (66.25 ± 6.80 %) and mean number of shoots/explant (6.12 ± 0.36 shoots). The greatest mean number of shoots/explant (14.93 ± 0.97 shoots) and root formation percentage (82.71 ± 3.03 %) was observed in liquified MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA and 1 mg/L BA.
Characterization of A Lipopeptide Surfactant From Lipase-Producing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens E1PA and Its Role in Lipase-Catalyzed Oil Hydrolysis
Authors: SAENGSANGA Thanakorn , SIRIPORNADULSIL Wilailak , SIRIPORNADULSIL Surasak
Published: November 2020

The lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of fat and oil is well recognized and considered to be an important reaction in fatty acid production. Generally, lipase activity is poor in oil-water biphasic systems. In this study, surfactins were purified, identified, and molecularly characterized from 2 biosurfactant-producing strains (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens E1PA and B. subtilis TISTR 1248). A high surfactin yield was achieved from B. amyloliquefaciens E1PA culture when 4 % (v/v) glycerol was used as a carbon source. Moreover, the addition of 2 % palm oil to the fermentation broth significantly increased biosurfactant production 2-fold during culture in Mineral Salt Medium (MSM). The biosurfactant synthesized by both strains was partially categorized as a lipopeptide via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The E1PA biosurfactant was subjected to analysis of its interfacial activation in the hydrolysis reaction. The poor hydrolytic activity (12.4 %) of lipase was significantly increased (97.3 %) when surfactin (1 % v/v) was used to generate the emulsion. In addition, the gene involved in B. amyloliquefaciens E1PA surfactin biosynthesis was characterized. The surfactin (sfp) gene was PCR amplified, and then cloning and expression of recombinant sfp was performed in Escherichia coli. Thus, heterogeneous expression of sfp gene in E. coli may be used for the efficient production of active recombinant E1PA surfactin. These results suggest that the lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by B. amyloliquefaciens E1PA could be useful as a biosurfactant in the oleochemical industry to produce fatty acids and/or fatty acid ethyl esters (biodiesel)
Fundamental Study of Carbon Materials Derived from Empty Fruit Bunch via Hydrothermal Carbonization
Authors: GUNTAGERNG Kanogpan , PANOMSUWAN Gasidit , EIAD-UA Apiluck
Published: November 2020

The utilization of biomass has recently gained great attention in recent years owing to growth of global environmental concerns. The aim of this work is to study the morphology of carbon materials derived from biomass oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at different temperatures (160 - 200 °C) and times (4 - 12 h) followed by carbonization at 300 - 900 °C under nitrogen atmosphere for 2 h. The physiochemical properties of carbon sample were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and surface area analysis. The results demonstrated that the increase of hydrothermal temperature, hydrothermal time, and carbonization temperature resulted in the formation of carbon materials with higher surface area, porosity and carbon content. Our results revealed that carbon derived from EFB via HTC at optimal condition exhibited porous structure with high surface area, which can be further applied for absorbent applications.
Effects of Organic Linkers on Energy gaps of Covalent based Triazine Frameworks
Authors: KASORNMALA Kamonrat , AMORNKITBAMRUNG Vittaya , SREPUSHARAWOOT Pornjuk
Published: November 2020

The Covalent Triazine Frameworks (CTFs) were successfully synthesized from the experiments. They usually consist of triazine ring covalently bonded with organic linkers. CTF-Benzene was defined in case of the organic linker be benzene ring. Moreover, 5 different types of organic linkers, namely, Napthalene, Quinoline, Quinoxaline, Anthracene and Acridine were chosen to connect to the boroxine ring and these structures are abbreviated as CTF-Naphthalene, CTF-Quinoline, CTF-Quinoxaline, CTF-Anthracene and CTF-Acridine, respectively. In the present study, the structural parameters, the density of states and energy bands of these structures were investigated by means of the first-principles calculations. For the CTF-Benzene structure, it shows an indirect band gap structure with energy gap of 1.86 eV. By considering the electron density at the states of valence band maximum and conduction band minimum, it was found that the electrons are only localized on the benzene ring. Hence, the optical property of this structure directly related to type of organic linker. This leads us to calculate the optical property of various types of the organic linker in order to adjust the optical property in the Covalent based Triazine Frameworks. According to CTF- Naphthalene, CTF-Quinoline and CTF-Quinoxaline structures, we found that the energy gap ranges from 1.0 to 1.5 eV. Moreover, our calculations revealed that the energy gaps of CTF- Anthracene CTF-Acridine are 0.40 and 0.75 eV, respectively. Based on these results, it is clearly seen that the optical band gaps of these CTF structures can be adjustable in range of 0.4 - 2.5 eV depending on the type of organic linker. Finally, we believed that these newly generated structures might be useful for both photovoltaic and solarcell applications.
Perspectives and Paradigms of Bilingualism Concerned to Teaching and Learning in the Indian Education System
Authors: Karunasri A
Published: November 2020

Bilingualism has been emerged as a familiar subject in the existing Indian scenario due to the distribution of multilingual culture in different geographical regions. Having proficiency in minimum two languages has been an indispensable necessity for all Indians. The English language has become a mandatory subject for all educated Indians. There is a paradigm shift in this regard, making all Indians essentially learn the English Language as a part of the three language system in Indian education. Different methods of teaching the English language is adopted in India. This paper focuses on all perspectives associated with the impact of bilingualism on teaching and learning of English in India, with a special emphasis on Transitional bilingual education. The ideology of guiding learners of the English language with a backdrop of bilingualism is duly highlighted.
Greetings from the American Chemical Society
Authors: Echegoyen Luis , Cheng Huai N. , Charpentier Bonnie
Published: November 2020

As the 2019, 2020, and 2021 presidents of the American Chemical Society (ACS), it is our pleasure to extend our well-wishes to the Federation of Asian Chemical Societies (FACS) in the inaugural issue of AsiaChem. ACS is proud to support the efforts of partner chemical societies around the world, particularly regional collaborators like FACS. The creation of this publication is a monumental step for FACS and we are pleased to be a part of this historic edition.
String Theories: Chemical Secrets of Italian Violins and Chinese Guqins
Authors: Cai Wenjie , Tai Hwan-Ching
Published: November 2020

The most valuable musical instruments in the world are 17-18th century violins from Cremona, Italy (made by Stradivari and Guarneri), and Chinese guqins (7-string zithers) from the 8-13th century. Today, musicians still prefer these antique instruments for their superior acoustic qualities that cannot be reproduced by later makers. Over the centuries, many theories have been proposed to explain the unique playing properties of famous violins and guqins, but most are based on conjectures rather than factual evidence.
Reticular Chemistry and Harvesting Water from Desert Air
Authors: Liu Cheng-Hsin , Nguyen Ha L. , Yaghi Omar M.
Published: November 2020

Although chemists, in general, are concerned with the art and science of constructing molecules and understanding their behavior, for a long time the idea that such molecules can be linked together by strong bonds to make infinite, extended structures were fraught with failure. The notion of using molecular building blocks to make such structures invariably led to chaotic, ill-defined materials and therefore not only defying the chemists’ need to exert their will on the design of matter but also preventing them from deciphering the atomic arrangement of such products. The field remained undeveloped for most of the twentieth century, and it was taken as an article of faith that linking molecules by strong bonds to make extended structures is a “waste of time” because “it doesn’t work.”
Material Challenges for Colloidal Quantum Nanostructures in Next Generation Displays
Authors: Panfil Yossef E. , Oded Meirav , Waiskopf Nir , Banin Uri
Published: November 2020

The recent technological advancements have greatly improved the quality and resolution of displays. Yet, issues like full-color gamut representation and the long-lasting durability of the color emitters require further progression. Colloidal quantum dots manifest an inherent narrow spectral emission with optical stability, combined with various chemical processability options which will allow for their integration in display applications. Apart from their numerous advantages, they also present unique opportunities for the next technological leaps in the field.
Microbes 2.0: Engineering Microbes with Nanomaterials
Authors: Yang Peidong , Cai Rong , Kim Ji Min , Cestellos-Blanco Stefano , Jin Jianbo
Published: November 2020

While you are enjoying bread and wine, have you ever wondered what creates such fascinating foods? Bakers? Brewers? Humans have teamed with microorganisms for thousands of years. Baker’s yeast causes bread to rise; brewer’s yeast ferments sugar into alcohol to make wine and beers. All those fascinating processes and endless flavors are created by microbes.
Identifying Information and Communication Technology Use Capacity Needs of Extension
Networks
Authors: Lamm Kevan , Lamm Alexa , Davis Kristin , Swaroop Jyothi , Edgar Leslie
Published: December 2020

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has the potential to address critical considerations within rural advisory service (RAS) networks, specifically, getting the right information to audiences in a timely and appropriate manner. ICTs are technologies that facilitate knowledge and information sharing. For RAS networks, ICTs can be an important tool to ensure that both explicit and tacit information is shared with network members with the anticipated benefit of increased capacity of the network. Although the importance of ICTs are well documented within the literature, there are limited guidelines for what specific network capacities in ICT use are needed to better provide support for RAS providers to fulfill their responsibilities. Using the Delphi process, a panel of 31 experts from 24 countries arrived at consensus on 51 specific ICT use capacities associated with effective RAS networks. The results of the research provide a practical framework for RAS providers and networks to develop ICT use related capacity building and tactical planning activities.

Keywords: Information Communication Technology (ICT); ICT use; Delphi; evaluation; capacity assessment
Amplification of South Asian haze by water vapour–aerosol interactions
Authors: Nair Vijayakumar Sivadasan , Giorgi Filippo , Keshav Hasyagar Usha
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Air pollution and wintertime fog over South Asia is a
major concern due to its significant implications for air quality, visibility
and health. Using a regional climate model coupled with chemistry,
we assess the contribution of the hygroscopic growth of aerosols (ambient–dry)
to the total aerosol optical depth and demonstrate that the increased
surface cooling due to the hygroscopic effects of aerosols further increases
the humidity in the boundary layer and thus enhances the confinement of
pollutants through aerosol–boundary layer interactions. This positive
feedback mechanism plays an important role in the prevalence of wintertime
fog and poor air quality conditions over South Asia, where water vapour
contributes more than half of the aerosol optical depth. The
aerosol–boundary layer interactions lead to moistening of the boundary layer
and drying of the free troposphere, which amplifies the long-term trend in
relative humidity over the Indo-Gangetic Plain during winter. Hence, the
aerosol–water vapour interaction plays a decisive role in the formation and
maintenance of the wintertime fog conditions over South Asia, which
needs to be considered for planning mitigation strategies.
Changes in China's anthropogenic emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zheng Bo , Zhang Qiang , Geng Guannan , Shi Qinren , Lei Yu , He Kebin
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns led to a sharp drop in socio-economic activities in China in 2020, including reductions in fossil fuel use, industry productions, and traffic volumes. The short-term impacts of lockdowns on China's air quality have been measured and reported, however, the changes in anthropogenic emissions have not yet been assessed quantitatively, which hinders our understanding of the causes of the air quality changes during COVID-19. Here, for the first time, we report the anthropogenic air pollutant emissions from mainland China during the first eight months of 2020 by using a bottom-up approach based on the near real-time data. The COVID-19 lockdown was estimated to have reduced China's anthropogenic emissions substantially between January and March in 2020, with the largest reductions in February. Emissions of SO2, NOx, CO, NMVOCs, and primary PM2.5 were estimated to have decreased by 29 %, 31 %, 27 %, 26 %, and 21 %, respectively, in February 2020 compared to the same month in 2019. The reductions in anthropogenic emissions were dominated by the industry sector for SO2 and PM2.5 and were contributed approximately equally by the industry and transportation sectors for NOx, CO, and NMVOCs. With the spread of coronavirus controlled, China's anthropogenic emissions rebounded in April and since then returned to the comparable levels of 2019 in August 2020. The provinces in China have presented nearly synchronous decline and rebound in anthropogenic emissions, while Hubei and the provinces surrounding Beijing recovered slower due to the extension of lockdown measures. The reduction ratios of anthropogenic emissions from 2019 to 2020 can be accessed from https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5214920.v1 (Zheng et al., 2020) by species, month, sector, and province.
Adhesion of marzipan pastes based on dry demineralized whey
Authors: Stadnyk Igor , Piddubnyi Volodymyr , Kravchenko Mykhail , Rybchuk Larysa , Kolomiiets Olena , Danylo Svitlana
Published: November 2020

The results of researches of rheological and adhesion characteristics of marzipan pastes with dry demineralized whey (DDW) and glycerin are given. The positive effect of dry demineralized whey and glycerin on the characteristics of model compositions of marzipan pastes has been established. The component compatibility of DDW and almonds has been confirmed. It has been experimentally established that DDW and glycerin lead to changes in the structural state of marzipan pastes, changing the quantitative values ​​of rheological characteristics. It is confirmed that with increasing DDW concentration, the indicators of deformation and plasticity increase. The indicators of elasticity and resilience of marzipan paste decrease, which in general leads to an increase in molding ability. The surface effect on the properties of marzipan pastes with dry demineralized whey and glycerin was carried out. The technological expediency of using glycerin in the composition of marzipan pastes with DDW to increase their plasticity and pliability while maintaining high molding properties is substantiated. The rational content of glycerin is established, which allows regulating the adhesion properties within the set limits for paste-like finishing semi-finished products from marzipan masses. The rational content of DDW and glycerin in the composition of marzipan pastes while ensuring high functional and technological properties in the application of confectionery flour on the surface is substantiated. Mathematical modeling of adhesion behavior of marzipan pastes is carried out. The adhesive properties of the pastes are mathematically substantiated and their ability to have flexibility under the action of the applied shear stress is confirmed within the established limits. Its currents are considered and substantiated. A study of moisture absorption by flour confectionery when covered with marzipan paste is provided. The wetting angle is considered and the work of adhesion is determined. Based on researches the directions of use of the developed marzipan pastes in confectionery production as finishing semi-finished products for a covering and as a layer for flour confectionery products and modeling of figured products are offered.
Pollen diversity in honeys of the Czech Republic in the 2019 season
Authors: Pospiech Matej , Ljasovská Simona , Titěra Dalibor , Kružík Vojtěch , Javůrková Zdeňka , Tremlová Bohuslava
Published: November 2020

Honeybees are important pollinators. As a side product of pollination, honeybees produce honey, as a natural sweetener. The source of honey depends on the hive location. In specific conditions honeybees produce monofloral honey, but more common are polyfloral kinds of honey. In this study honey from the Czech Republic in the 2019 season was evaluated by melissopalynology analysis. The common botanical taxa in the Czech Republic were determined and season impact to pollen taxa was compared for dominant pollen taxa. The taxonomic distribution of pollen in Czech honey was stable during the year. The average number of species was 11.52 taxa per sample. The dominant pollen source in Czech honey was the Brassicaceae family. The high pollen content in honey was confirmed also in the Rosacea family (fruit tree), Ubelliferacae family and Myosotis genus. During the year the pollen taxa were equally distributed in honey. Seasonal effects were confirmed only in Salix genus, Ubelliferacae family and Phacelia genus. Seasonal effects correspond with the blooming season and honeybee handling in the hive was also confirmed. High variability during the season and hive location was confirmed for other taxa.
Hysteretic modelling of moment-resisting nailed timber joints
Authors: Kivell B. T. , Moss P. J. , Carr A. J.
Published: November 2020

While nailed timber joints have been used for many years, attention is now being focussed on producing nailed joints that have a significant moment resistance. Such joints can be made using steel sideplates and the increased moment resistance over more traditional nailing could be utilised to resist seismic loads. Like steel and concrete members used to resist seismic loads, the timber members and joints need to be modelled sufficiently accurately in order that computer models of the structures will provide adequate predictions of the overall seismic behaviour. This paper discusses hysteretic models and proposes a model for nailed timber joints (based on the modified Takeda model previously used for concrete models) that incorporates the pinching effect that is observed in tests on moment-resisting nailed timber joints. The behaviour of two simple portal frames under the El Centro 1940 earthquake record is discussed. Values for the model parameters were obtained from tests reported elsewhere.
Psychometric Properties of Social Perception of Mathematics:‎‎ Rasch Model Analysis
Authors: Al Ali Rommel M. A. , Shehab Rami T.
Published: November 2020

Social perception is an evaluation process, which uses any information available ‎in order to form impressions, ‎understanding, and judgments about others. It is also ‎considered as an essential element of social skills. This study ‎aims to examine the psychometric analysis of students’ social perceptions of mathematics using Rasch model ‎analysis.‎ This study uses a quantitative survey approach. The sample comprised 40 first year students at King Faisal University‎. The Rasch model is used because it is considered an effective tool for assessing constructs’ validity and reliability of the instrument. It also generalizes results and inferential studies. The developed questionnaire consists of six dimensions. Every dimension consists of six items. They are verifying the validity based on the Rasch model using item polarity, item fit, and dimensionality. In addition, the reliability was verified using person and item reliability, and item and person separation. The results of the Rasch model analysis show that the items of social perception of mathematics SPoM fit the model appropriately.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 13, No. 12
Authors: Lee Chris
Published: November 2020

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 13, No. 12, 2020.
Inzicht in transparantie
Authors: Strycharz Joanna , Steenhuisen Bauke , van der Voort Haiko
Published: November 2020

Insight into transparency: An essay about trade-offs behind algorithmic decision-making

Algorithms applied in public administration are often criticized for lack of transparency. Lawmakers and citizens alike expect that automated decisions based on algorithmic recommendations to be explainable. The focus of this article is the organizational context behind the idea of transparent algorithms. Transparency is portrayed as one of numerous values that are at play when algorithms are applied in public administration. The article shows that applying algorithms may lead to conflicts between these values. Such conflicts often result in trade-off decisions. Looking from the organizational perspective, we describe how such trade-offs can be made both explicitly and implicitly. The article thus shows the complexity of algorithmic trade-offs. As a result of this complexity, we not only call for more transparency about algorithms, but also more transparency about trade-offs that take place in public administration. Finally, we present a research agenda focused on studying the organization of trade-offs.
Duwtjes of druk?
Authors: Huis in ’t Veld Nienke Maria , Nagtegaal Rosanna , Noordegraaf Mirko
Published: November 2020

Nudging or pressure? The perceptions of healthcare professionals regarding nudging in hospitals

‘Nudging’ has been introduced as a policy and management tool as a way to influence behaviour without limiting choice. Nudging is mainly used to influence citizens’ behaviour but can also be used to influence the behavior of healthcare professionals. Examples include posters used to improve hand-hygiene compliance, or ‘default’ options in systems to reduce excessive prescriptions of specific medication. However, using nudges raises major worries and ethical issues, also in relation to the independence of healthcare professionals. While the scientific discussion about the desirability of nudges is extensive, the voices of healthcare professionals, who are the subjects of nudges, remain unheard. In this qualitative research we explore the perceptions of nudging held by various healthcare professionals. The interviews reveal that healthcare professionals are generally unfamiliar with the concept of nudging, but they do recognize nudges in their own field of practice. Furthermore, while they are predominantly positive about nudging, they also express concerns about the pressure on their autonomy. These concerns are related to changing professionalism and regulatory pressures in healthcare.
Pleidooi voor en uitwerking van een maximalistisch herstelrecht
Authors: Claessen Jacques
Published: November 2020

A plea for a maximalist restorative justice

This article contains a plea for a further operationalization of the subsidiarity principle (penal law and punishment as ultimum remedium) through a maximalist restorative justice, i.e. a restorative justice that not only offers space for ‘voluntary processes’ and agreed restoration, but also for ‘compulsory procedures’ and imposed restoration. An attempt is made to make the maximalist arsenal of restorative sanctions as concrete as possible. Two examples of sanctions that are ‘constructed’ in a restorative way in this article, are restorative community service and restorative electronic home detention. This article is based on work by John Blad and Lode Walgrave that has previously appeared in Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht.
De maatschappelijke en politieke dimensies van herstelrecht: over het verbreden van de herstelrechtelijke blik
Authors: van Hoek Anneke
Published: November 2020

The social and political dimensions of restorative justice. Enlarging the restorative scope

This article states that the social and political context in which restorative justice is situated, needs more attention. The polarized rhetoric of populists with their plea for more state control and repression does not fit with the restorative approach with its emphasis on inclusion and social responsibility of active citizens. The author suggests that the paradigm of ‘positive security’ as coined by Marc Schuilenburg and others could function as a base for an alternative, more constructive and inclusive ‘big story’ on crime and security that is more akin to restorative justice. Aspects of current social protest movements as the MeToo movement, Black Lives Matter and climate demonstrations could be integrated in this ‘big story’, also to prevent that restorative justice is viewed only as a quick fix to soothe symptoms and not address political and social root causes of injustice. In this way, the international restorative justice movement could widen its scope.
Het ontrafelen van de effectpuzzel
Authors: Zebel Sven
Published: November 2020

Unraveling the effect puzzle. Focusing on the working mechanisms of the mediation process for perpetrators

Why and how mediated contact between victims and offenders (and members from their networks) leads to positive outcomes, remains a difficult question to answer. Not surprisingly therefore, this topic has been the focus of attention of multiple articles in the past twenty years of this journal. In this contribution, the inspiring article of Borbala Fellegi (2008), titled ‘Explaining the impact of restorative justice. The “4-way interaction” of morality, neutralisation, shame and bonds’ is celebrated. Fellegi presents a theoretical framework in which the added value of restorative, mediated victim-offender meetings for the re-integration of offenders is outlined compared to other judicial responses to crime. Central to her argument is that the mediation process affects in particular the four criminogenic factors mentioned in the title. In this contribution two innovative, working mechanisms of the mediation process that she proposes, are highlighted. First, the preparation phase in which the neutral mediator initiates and facilitates discussion of the crime and its consequences for the victim(s) with the offender. Fellegi proposes that this mechanism can (start to) lift the criminogenic factor moral reasoning of the offender. Second, the restorative focus of the encounter itself between the victim and offender, in which both parties can express how they were affected, express their emotions (such as shame feelings of the offender) and discuss jointly how restoration and reparation might be achieved. This should reduce the criminogenic factor neutralisation, increase moral reasoning, and might contribute to integrative social bonds between the parties and their networks. Thus, Fellegi’s work has made innovative suggestions about the working mechanisms of victim-offender mediation – these suggestions offer useful hypotheses that can be tested empirically.
Is herstelrecht voor jeugdigen volwassen geworden?
Authors: Wolthuis Annemieke
Published: November 2020

Has restorative youth justice become mature?

The 20th anniversary of this journal is a good reason to glance back at developments with restorative justice for children and young people. Can we say that restorative youth justice has become mature? Some core events and articles about developments in Belgium, the Netherlands and elsewhere are discussed, paying attention to young suspects as well as victims. Subsequently, the embedding of restorative justice in youth laws is discussed. Finally, the article focuses on the question what should be done to improve the implementation into an effective, child friendly and ‘rights based’ youth sanction model.
Comparative analysis of the supplement livestock technology version
Authors: Altaikhuu Enkhjin , Idesh Saruul , Davaadorj Lkhamsaizmaa , Tulgaa Enkh-Oyun
Published: November 2020

The technology version of the supplement livestock was based on rutabaga, white goosefoot, cold hardened wormwood and natron, prepared according to MNS0268:2018 and MNS2445:2002.These raw materials are subjected to initial processing and a pre-test of the ingredients and their contents.Based on the analysis of the composition and content of the raw materials, three versions of the technology of supplement livestocks have been developed.The content of biologically activesubstances in each of the developed versions was analyzed in “the laboratory of functional food and natural products”, and the mineral content in “the central laboratory for agricultural product monitoring and evaluation”.According to the analysis, version I was high in flavonoid, low in oils,version II was rich in carotene, vitamin C, alkaloids, and saponins, version III was rich in polysaccharides, oils and low in flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins. Analysis of the mineral content of each of the variants showed that version I was rich in calcium, version II was rich in iron and version III was rich in potassium.

Тэжээлийн нэмэлт бэлдмэлийн технологийн хувилбарыг харьцуулан шинжилсэн дүнгээс

Тэжээлийн нэмэлт бэлдмэлийн технологийн хувилбар боловсруулахдаа MNS0268:2018, MNS2445:2002 стандартын дагуу бэлтгэсэн шар манжин (Raphanus raphanistrum), цагаан лууль (Chenopodium album L), хүйтсэн шарилж (Artemisia frigida W) болон хужрыг түүхий эдээр сонгон ашиглав. Эдгээр түүхий эдүүдэд анхан шатны боловсруулалт хийж, тус бүрийн найрлага, агууламжийг урьдчилан шинжилгээгээр тогтоосон болно. Түүхий эдийн найрлага, агууламжийг шинжилсэн шинжилгээний дүнд үндэслэн тэжээлийн нэмэлт бэлдмэлийн технологийн гурван хувилбарыг боловсруулав. Боловсруулсан хувилбар тус бүрд агуулагдах биологийн идэвхт бодисын агууламжийг МУИС, ШУС, ХТ, Эмчилгээний хүнс, байгалийн нэгдлийн химийн лабораторид, эрдсийн агууламжийг ХААИС, ХАА-н бүтээгдэхүүний хяналт үнэлгээний төв лабораторид тус тус шинжлэв. Шинжилгээний дүнгээс үзвэл I хувилбар флавоноидын агууламжаар илүү өндөр, аргаах бодис, тослогийн агууламжаар хамгийн бага, II хувилбар каротин, витамин С, алкалоид болон сапонины агууламжаар өндөр, III хувилбар полисахарид, тослог, аргаах бодисын агууламжаар илүү өндөр, флавоноид, алкалоид болон сапонины агууламжаар хамгийн бага байв. Хувилбар тус бүрийн эрдсийн агууламжийг шинжилсэн дүнгээс харахад I хувилбар кальци, II хувилбар төмөр, III хувилбар калийн агууламж өндөртэй байлаа.

Түлхүүр үг: шар манжин, цагаан лууль, хүйтсэг шарилж, хужир
Detection of microfilariae in bactrians of Mongolia
Authors: Javchivsengee Bilegjargal , Tserendorj Munkhjargal , Boldbaatar Chinchuluun , Sukhbaatar Lkhagvatseren , Sambuu Gantuya , Zayat Batsukh
Published: November 2020

In this study, totally 200 Bactrain camels of different ages and both sexes in Umnugobi and Dundgobi provinces of Mongolia were tested for infection with Dipetalonema evansi. Blood smears of all camels were studied for larva form of the parasite. Microfilariae were found in peripheral blood smears of 7 out of 200 (4.66%) tested camels. In contrast, out of tested camels, 1.5% were found to be infected by D. evansi. Cameline filariasis present and it might be constituted an important health problem to camels in Mongolia, resulting in impaired capacity and lowered productivity.

Монгол тэмээн цусанд микрофилариа илрүүлсэн дүнгээс

Тэмээний филариаз нь шумуулаар дамжин халдварладаг Dipetalonema evansi (D. evansi) зүйлийн нематодоор үүсгэгддэг, эдийн засгийн хор хөнөөл ихтэй өвчин юм. Бид Өмнөговь, Дундговь аймгийн нийт 200 тэмээний цусны дээжийг түрхэцийн болон Кноттын аргаар шинжлэхэд микрофилариа (1–5.3%) илэрч байна. Тэмээнд филариазын эмнэлзүйн ил шинж тэмдэг тод ажиглагддаггүй, удаан хугацаанд өвчний үүсгэгчийг тээгч болдог нь халдвар дамжих эрсдлийг бий болгодог. Иймд эрт үед нь зөв оношилж, тохиромжтой эмчилгээг хийх шаардлагатай юм.

Түлхүүр үг: Нематод, авгалдай, Dipetalonema evansi, Bactrians
Prevalence survey of parasitic helminths of cashmere goats in Bayankhongor province, Mongolia
Authors: Battur Khatantuul , Messeger Alix
Published: November 2020

Infections with gastrointestinal parasites can negatively affect the health and the overall productivity of infected animals. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite infections in cashmere goats in Bayankhongor province, Mongolia. Faeces samples (n = 614) were collected from two sums (Bogd and Bombogor) in Bayankhongor province, Mongolia from July to September 2018 and examined by flotation methods. Positive samples were examined by the modified McMaster technique to determine the parasitic load. The overall prevalence of helminths infections was 44% followed by Strongylids (42.6%), Nematodirus. (36.4%), Moniezia spp. (4.8%), Concurrent infection with two or more species was common, with mixed infection observed in 26% of goats.

Баянхонгор аймгийн зарим сумдын ноолуурын үүлдрийн ямааны баасанд гельминтийн өндөг илрүүлсэн дүнгээс

Баянхонгор аймгийн Богд, Бөмбөгөр сумдад үржүүлж буй ноолуурын үүлдрийн Залаа жинстийн цагаан,Бөмбөгөрийн Улаан ямаанд түүвэрлэлтийн аргаар сонгон авсан нийт 614 ямааны баасны дээжинд Nematodirus (36.4%), Moneiza (4.8%) ,Strongylus (42.6%) төрлийн гельминтийн өндөг  илрэв.

Түлхүүр үг: ямааны үүлдэр, strongylus, nematodirus, monieza
Study results of diagnosis of Maedi-visna disease in sheep
Authors: Gurdorj Soyolmaa , Uranbileg Nyamdolgor , B Mungun-Ochir , P Baararjargal , Sandagdorj Narantsatsral , Sharav Tumenjargal , Masashi Sakurai , Bazartseren Boldbaatar , Adilbish Аltanchimeg
Published: November 2020

In order to detect pathological and histopathological findings of Maedi-Visna disease, pulmonary tissues which had lesions and suspected of the lung disease were collected in slaughterhouses near Ulaanbaatar city, Batsumber soum of Tuv province, Ulziit soum of Dornogobi province. PCR was performed to examine the part of gene of Maedi-Visna virus and pulmonary tissue of one sheep was positive.  Histopathological examination was conducted on lung and by microscopic investigation, interstitial inflammation and inclusion body in cytoplasm of the alveoli epithelium was determined on the sample as some specific findings of Maedi-Visna infection.

Хонинд Маеди-висна өвчин оношилсон дүнгээс

Маеди-Висна өвчний өөрчлөлтийг хонины уушгинд илрүүлэх зорилгоор Улаанбаатар хот орчмын  мал нядалгааныгазрууд болон Төв аймгийн Батсүмбэр, Дорноговь аймгийн Өлзийт сумаас эмгэгтэй байж болзошгүй хонины уушгины эдийн дээжнүүд цуглуулав. Уушгины эдийн дээжүүдийг Полимеразын гинжин урвал (ПГУ)-аар шинжлэхэд нэг хонины уушгины эдэд тус өвчин үүсгэгчийн өвөрмөц гений хэсэг илэрсэн. Дээжинд хийсэн эмгэг судлал, бичил бүтцийн шинжилгээгээр Маеди-Висна өвчний үед гардаг өвөрмөц өөрчлөлтүүд болох уушгины завсрын эдийн үрэвсэл, цулцангийн ханын хучуур эсэд өвөрмөц оршихуун биенцэр үүссэн болох нь тогтоогдов.

 Түлхүүр үг: уушгины эд, үлэмж-, бичил өөрчлөлт, уушгины завсрын эдийн үрэвсэл, оршихуун биенцэр
Capacity of grass species shoots to recovery of steppe and desert steppe zones
Authors: Sumiya Oyunsuvd , Jamsran Undarmaa , Tseden-Ish Narangerel , Sangi Diimaa
Published: November 2020

In this research study we determined regeneration capacity of the dominate vegetative plants and shoot formation in steppe and desert-steppe zones. To determine shoot regeneration we selected Stipa krylovii from the steppe zone and Stipa gobica, Cleistogenes songorica from desert steppe zones. In the results from research study Stipa krylovii and Cleistogenes songorica did not differ in number of bushes regardless of the degree of degradation of the plants; Stipa gobica had 3 times more bushes than others in the slightly degraded pastures. In slightly degraded pasture Stipa krylovii had a relatively young, with a normal bush however in moderately degraded pasture with fall apart and died bush.

Хээр, цөлийн хээрийн бэлчээрийн биелэгтэн ургамлын найлзуурын нөхөн сэргэх чадавхи

Хээр, цөлийн хээрийн бэлчээрийн ургамлын нөхөн сэргэх чадавхийг тодорхойлох зорилгоор ХААИС-ийн Экосистемийн судалгааны төвийн хээр, цөлийн хээрийн бүсийн бэлчээрийн цэнэлийн судалгааны талбайд судалгааг гүйцэтгэсэн. Найлзуурын нөхөн сэргэлтийг тодорхойлохоор хээрийн бүсээс Stipa krylovii, цөлийн хээрийн бүсээс Stipa gobica, Cleistogenes songorica гэсэн 3 зүйл биелэгтэн ургамлуудыг сонгон авсан. Судалгаагаар биелэгтэн ургамлуудаас Stipa krylovii, Cleistogenes songorica гэсэн 2 зүйл ургамал доройтлын зэргээс үл хамааран бутны тооны хувьд огт ялгаагүй, харин Stipa gobica бага доройтсон бэлчээрт бусдаасаа 3 дахин их буттай, бага зэрэг доройтсон бэлчээрт Stipa krylovii харьцангуй залуу бөгөөд хэвийн буттай, дунд зэрэг доройтсон бэлчээрт харьцангуй задарч мөхсөн бутнууд буйг тус тус тогтоож, зонхилогч биелэгтэн ургамлын бутны тоо, диаметрийн үзүүлэлтээр нөхөн сэргэх чадавхийг илрүүлж, харин биелэгтэн ургамлын найлзуурын өндрөөр нөхөн сэргэх чадавхи илэрхийлэгдэхгүй болохыг илрүүлэлээ.

 Түлхүүр үг: бэлчээрийн доройтол, цэнэл, найлзуур, бут
Assessment of rangeland condition
Authors: Bayaraa Batbileg , Damdin Byambasuren , Baatar Ser-Od
Published: November 2020

There is a substantial gap in the studies on classifications of rangeland condition in the Mongolian context. To fill this gap, this study aimed at assessing the condition and changes of rangeland in the forest-steppe zone in Mongolia with the use of remote sensing technique. The Bornuur soum of Tuv aimag in Mongolia was selected as the study area. A quantitative methodology with remote sensing tool was employed to assess rangeland condition. The results of the study showed an overall accuracy of 73.9%. The study provided an insight into possible improving methodology of rangeland monitoring, sustainable land management as well as environmental studies.

Бэлчээрийн төлөв байдлыг үнэлэх зарим арга

Монгол орны хувьд зайнаас тандан судлалын арга технологийг ашиглан газрын бүрхэвч болон газар ашиглалтын ангилал, өөрчлөлтийг үнэлэх судалгаа түгээмэл байгаа ч тус аргыг ашиглан бэлчээрийн төлөв байдлыг үнэлсэн судалгаа ховорхон хийгдсэн байна. Иймээс ойт хээрийн бүс болох Төв аймгийн Борнуур сумын жишээгээр зайнаас тандах аргаар бэлчээрийн төлөв байдлыг n=700 цэгийн хээрийн судалгааг ашиглан үнэлсэн. Судалгааны үр дүнг хээрийн хэмжилтийн мэдээгээр үнэлэхэд таарцын үнэлгээ нь 73.9% гарсан нь цаашид бэлчээрийн төлөв байдлын судалгаанд ашиглах боломжтойг харуулж байна. Цаашид тус ангиллын аргыг улам сайжруулан бэлчээрийн төлөв байдлын үнэлгээ, мониторинг, тогтвортой газрын менежмент болон байгаль орчны судалгаанд хэрэглэж болно.

 Түлхүүр үг: ургамлын индекс, ландсат хиймэл дагуулын мэдээ
Possibility of microbial remediation of soil contaminated by organic compounds
Authors: Enkhtur Tsenguun , Erdenebayar Tsolmongerel , Baasandorj Bujidmaa , Nyambal Tuul , Yundendorj Khorloo
Published: November 2020

Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) has been widely used in agriculture of our country to protect crops, vegetable fields, forest soils and plants from pests, and to treat scabies and other diseases in livestock. This pesticide is a highly toxic, carcinogenic, and banned substance that accumulates in human cells, tissues, and the environment over a long period of time. Incubated at 25°C for 3 days. The morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of the two strains that differed in their biological properties and were dominant in the soil sample were determined. To determine the biochemical properties of these cultures, HCHDB1 (collection №1) culture was identified as 100% Bacillus circulans and HCHDB2 (collection № 2) culture was identified as 99% Brevibacillus brevis.

Органик нэгдлээр бохирдсон хөрсийг микробиологийн аргаар цэвэршүүлэх боломж

Гексахлорциклогексаныг манай улс хөдөө аж ахуйн салбарт өргөнөөр ашиглаж үр тариа, хүнсний ногооны талбай, ойн аж ахуйн хөрс, ургамлыг хортон шавжаас хамгаалах, мал амьтныг хамуу болон бусад төрлийн өвчнийг эмчлэхэд ашиглаж байсан. Энэхүү пестицид нь хүний эс, эд болон байгаль орчинд удаан хугацаагаар хуримтлагддаг, онцгой хортой, хорт хавдар үүсгэх нөлөөтэй, хэрэглэхийг хориглосон химийн бодис юм. Уг судалгаагаар гексахлорциклогексанаар бохирдсон хөрсний дээжинд илэрсэн бактерийн 12 омогийг 1%-ийн гексахлорциклогексан агуулсан хатуу (Nutrient agar) тэжээлт орчинд 25 хэмд 3 өдрийн турш өсгөвөрлөж ялган авсан. Биологийн шинж чанараараа ялгаатай бөгөөд уг хөрсний дээжинд доминант илэрсэн 2 омогийн морфологи, физиологи, биохимийн шинж чанарыг тодорхойлсон. Уг өсгөвөрүүдийн биохимийн шинж чанарыг тодорхойлоход HCHDB1 (коллекцийн №1) өсгөвөр 100%-иар Bacillus circulans, HCHDB2 (коллекцийн №2) өсгөвөр 99%-иар Brevibacillus brevis болохыг тус тус тодорхойлов.

 Түлхүүр үг: гексахлорциклогексан, морфологи, физиологи, биохими, тэжээлт орчин
Influence of honeybee (Apis Mellifera L) pollination on field strawberry (Fragaria x Ananassa) productivity
Authors: Zorigt Erdenechimeg , Nyamdavaa Tsolmon , Purev Tsolmon , Gonchig Solongo , Norovsambuu Togtokhbayar , Puntsagdash Shurentsetseg
Published: November 2020

Bee pollination plays key role for strawberry productivity and quality. This experiment was carried out to comparative studies with the purpose to detecting the impacts of bee pollination for strawberry yield, quality, number of fruits per unit area and commercial value. The experimental treatments were tested during the growing season 2018-2019 in the greenhouses (600 square meters) at "Every Day Farm" LLC in Jargalant village, Ulaanbaatar. The Japanese variety “Tochiotome” was used. As results of the study, the total and marketable yields were high, average weight of fruit per unit area was more, and fruit maturation process was faster in the bee-pollinated treatment compared to control-without bee pollination. Moreover, in the bee-pollinated areas the fruits of strawberries were completely well-shaped, and the standard sized fruit yield increased up to 87.4%, while in the control area non-standard small sized fruits increased, and the commercial value was low. The use of honey bees as pollinators on strawberries in the greenhouse to be considered as cost effective and good practice.

Таримал гүзээлзгэнэ (Fragaria × ananassa)-ний бүтээгдэхүүнт чанарт балт зөгий (Apis mellifera l.)-н тоос хүртээлтийн нөлөө

Балт зөгийн тоос хүртээлт гүзээлзгэний бүтээгдэхүүнт болон шимт чанарт чухал үүрэгтэй байдаг. Энэхүү туршилт судалгааг хүлэмжийн нөхцөлд зөгийгүй болон зөгийгөөр тоос хүртсэн таримал гүзээлзгэний нийт ургац, ургацын таваарлаг чанар, нэгж талбайн жимсний гарц зэргийг  харьцуулан судалж, тоос хүртээлтийн нөлөөг илрүүлэх зорилгоор гүйцэтгэв. Туршлагыг Улаанбаатар хотын Жаргалант тосгонд байрлах “Every Day Farm” ХХК-ийн 600 квадрат метр талбайтай зуны хүлэмжинд Японы “Tochiotome” сортыг ашиглан, 2018-2019 оны ургамал ургалтын хугацаанд гүйцэтгэсэн. Судалгааны дүнгээр зөгийгөөр тоос хүртээлгэсэн гүзээлзгэний жимс хяналт хувилбартай харьцуулахад, жимсний ургацаар илүү, хүнсний хэрэглээний чанар өндөр, нэгж талбайн жимсний дундаж гарц их, болц богино байгаа нь ажиглагдлаа. Түүнчлэн зөгийн тоос хүртээлтийн нөлөөгөөр гүзээлзгэний жимсний хэлбэрзүйн гажиг бүрэн засагдаж, нийт ургацад стандарт жимсний эзлэх хувь 87.4% хүртэл өссөн дүнтэй гарсан бол хяналт хувилбарт стандарт бус жижиг жимсний тоо ихсэж, хүнсний хэрэглээний чанар муу байв. Хүлэмжийн гүзээлзгэний үйлдвэрлэлд балт зөгийн бүлийг тоос хүртээгчээр ашиглах нь өртөг багатай, үр ашиг өндөртэй сайн арга гэж үзлээ.
The Laboratory of Discourses and Forms. Hobson’s Island and other novels by Stefan Themerson in the context of intertextual references to philosophy
Authors: Nalewajk Żaneta
Published: December 2020

Although almost all artistic works by Stefan Themerson, a Polish and English novelist, poet, philosopher, fi lmmaker, and composer can be described metaphorically as a laboratory of forms and discourses, the main goal of the article is to focus on literary experiments contained in the text Hobson’s Island and in other novels of the writer. One of the most important types of discourse presented in Themerson’s novels is philosophical discourse. The article scrutinises the latter, keeping in mind that it co-exists with academic discourse, the refl ection on God, intertextuality and graphic experiments in his literary texts.
WORK AND GLOBALIZATION
Authors: Morawski Witold
Published: November 2020

My aims are to analyze some aspects of work and globalization in historical perspective with the intention to better understand challenges of the recent 30-40 years of the neoliberal globalization. After the trade globalization which had connected the world in the 16th century, came the industrial one with decisive transformation of the sphere of work, for example, sending the agriculture to the margins. The globalization after 1945 is more complex, although based on technological-scientific revolutions, it has other important dimensions: geopolitical, economic (financial), social-cultural, ecological, and some of them have disturbing ramifications for the field of work. Among them I discuss the Trump rejection of neoliberal globalization which exported millions of workplaces from USA to China, the end of middle class and populist reactions. The world of work is full of uncertainty, but it looks different in different parts of the globe.