bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research of Media Activity of Universities Using Analytical Platforms
Authors: Rubtsova Natalia
Published: February 2024

Currently, there is a clear lack of scientific research aimed at a comprehensive study of the media activity of Russian universities online. The results of these studies may be of significant interest in achieving the goals of higher education media management and improving the effectiveness of communications. The purpose of the article was to develop measures to improve the effectiveness of the media activity of the universities of the Baikal region on the Internet based on the study of this through special analytical platforms. The research methods were work with secondary sources of information, measurement, comparison, generalization, calculation and analytical method. The analysis of the media activity of universities was carried out comprehensively across the spectrum of media channels: official website, social networks, instant messenger, video hosting. In the course of the study, it was substantiated that it is advisable to evaluate the effectiveness of the media activity of the university using a wide range of indicators. The results obtained allowed the author to develop a list of measures aimed at improving the efficiency of the media activity of universities — the objects of study. According to the author, such an analysis allows not only to assess the degree of achievement of the effectiveness of the media activity of the university on the Internet, but also to substantiate ways to increase it for each of the communication channels used by the university. The author defines the creation of a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the university's media activity on the Internet as a further direction of scientific research.
The Year of Science and Technology in Russia as a Factor in Promoting University Brands on the Online Media
Authors: Besedina Angelina
Published: February 2024

Russian President Vladimir Putin declared 2021 to be the Year of Science and Technology. It was intended to popularize science and increase the prestige of the profession of a scientist. Universities have become one of the main active actors in holding the Year of Science and Technology in Russia. The article examined the media activity of universities associated with the Year of Science and Technology, analyzed newsworthy events and identified the most prominent brands of universities in this context. The media posted the most publications about universities and the Year of Science and Technology in February and December 2021. It was the beginning and the end of the theme year. The study showed that universities actually used the news related to the Year of Science and Technology in their work. At the same time, the leading positions in the information field were hold by the traditional leaders of the media activity ratings (Lomonosov Moscow State University, HSE University, Kazan Federal University). News about famous people who supported measures that were important for all science received the biggest media coverage. The results of the study can be used by modern Russian universities to plan a communication strategy.
Representation of the Media Image of the Baikal Region in the Mass Consciousness of the Audience of Regional Media
Authors: Izmesteva Ekaterina
Published: February 2024

Mass media play an important role in the development of regions creating their media image. The desire of each of its members to take part in the development of the region, living and carrying out their activities on its territory, depends on the representation of this image in the minds of the audience. The article considers the process of representation of the media image of the Baikal region in the mass consciousness of the audience of the regional media of Irkutsk region. The study conducted a public opinion poll about Baikal region and its image in the media. The research examined the preferences of Irkutsk media audience in the choice of information channels, the perception of the media image of Baikal region by the audience, the influence of this image on the opinion and behavior of the audience, the tone of the associations and the attitude of the audience to the region as a whole. The study found that a positive image of the Baikal region has been formed in the minds of Irkutsk media audience. The audience perceives Baikal region as a unique region located in close proximity to the Lake Baikal, and considers it an attractive region for personal and professional development. At the same time, the most popular channel for obtaining information about the events in the Baikal region among the audience is online media, therefore, in the process of forming the media image of the region, it is necessary to use this channel. The results of the study can be used by journalists to address professional problems related to the development of the Baikal region through the formation of its positive media image, as well as by researchers to study the process of creating media image of other regions of Russia.
Representation of the XXIV Olympic Winter Games in Beijing in the Memosphere of the PRC: Conflictological Analysis
Authors: Smirnova Olga , Denissova Galina , Shkondin Mikhail , Steblovskaia Sophia , Eshkinina Uliana , Fan Van
Published: February 2024

The paper claims that the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, held in country, known for it`s socio-cultural peculiarities, reveals wide opportunities for this sport mega-event representation. The context is often unavailable for the audience beyond China, which is caused by Chinese media discourse ethno-cultural features. Such media discourse component as memes expresses online sociocultural identity, the way of thinking, behavior and values of the audience. The study examined 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing Chinese memes using the methodology tested before. The aim of the research was to study the Chinese Olympic memes-sphere. The sample deals with 450 memes, selected in Chinese Internet sector. The monitoring was held by Chinese masters of the journalism faculty. The memes were sampled from the students` social media news feeds and special platforms, dealing with Olympic memes. The main criteria were meme's relevance (accordance to the Beijing Olympic themes) and the type (only creolized memes used to be included). The 1000-memes sample was originally formed (B №=1000), then 450 memes were selected for the second research stage (B1 №=450). The research found that Chinese meme sphere has vivid features, which influenced Olympic discourse.
Literary Conflicts and Their Resolution in the Russian Empire
Authors: Sonina Elena
Published: February 2024

This paper examines public intellectual clashes in the fields of literature and journalism in the Russian Empire. We focus on the ways such clashes were litigated and resolved in the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Literary duels appear to be well-documented, but literary courts of ethics don’t seem to have garnered as much attention from scholars. An in-depth investigation into pre-1917 periodicals yielded around sixty appeals to arbitration courts or courts of honor. We also used caricatures and magazine cartoons as supporting sources, showcasing contemporaries’ attitudes to the above-mentioned court systems. Writers and journalists are shown to have adopted varying professional approaches to such institutions. The history of literary courts and their institutionalization is highlighted. We classify the examined lawsuits by subject (libel cases, accusations of plagiarism, property disputes, conflicts between publishers and their employees etc.). Court decisions rooted in corporate ethical norms not only furthered the cause of justice, but also broadened the Overton window for socially accepted speech (if said decisions were published). Nevertheless, one cannot say writers’ courts became as culturally accepted in the Russian Empire as military courts of honor or aristocratic duels. Satirists still mocked writers’ arbitration and honor courts, while the writers themselves kept appealing to royal state courts in addition to their own courts of ethics to protect their good name. Courts of honor persisted as a phenomenon in Soviet and even post-Soviet times. Modern-day Russian Union of Journalists harbors an arbitration court, even though its proceedings have not been widely publicized.
Journalism as a Factor of Socio-Psychological Maturity of the Civilizational Processes Subjects
Authors: Gladkova Anna , Demina Irina , Shkondin Mikhail
Published: February 2024

In the article journalism is explored in the daily harmonization system of socio-psychological maturity of the civilizational process’s subjects, individual and collective. The integrative result of its functioning is the everyday creation of this maturity, its regeneration and restoration in conditions of continuous actual variability of everyday life’s world problem situations. Journalism is woven into the system of everyday life’s world self-movement from the present to the future, optimizing the everyday process of interaction between traditional and innovative in media culture as an optimizing life world factor in the everyday ‘s world system of goal-setting and goal-achievement. It is the most important media publicity component, which provides the subjects’ dynamic understanding of the current social practice of the actual variability in the processes of socio-psychological’s maturity regeneration of civilizational process participants. In the goal-setting and goal-achievement system, journalism contributes to the dynamic goal-setting harmonization and ways of realizing these goals, both in the selection of everyday thinking and daily activities samples, and in their dynamic regeneration. The article describes media publicity as a system of information exchange in the everyday life world, objectifying the intellectual interaction between those who carry out media creativity, create innovative resources, and those who use these resources in the process of optimizing their goal-setting and goal-achievement system. The integrative result of media publicity is the socio-psychological maturity of the civilizational processes subjects, both individual and collective subjects of social realities — economic, political, legal, scientific, educational, artistic, etc. Journalism carries out daily understanding of the problem situations variability, dynamically regenerating the socio-psychological maturity of the participants in the current social practice, daily optimizing its system of goal setting and goal realization within the framework of daily harmonization and modeling of the media culture.
Journalism in the Digital Media Space: Integrity Terms
Authors: Demina Irina , Shkondin Mikhail
Published: February 2024

The interest of the topic is determined by the fact that many problems in the theory and practice of journalism in the context of the infor­mation revolution arise as a result of the digitalization of the media space, which makes it possible to carry out significant transformations in media and journalistic creativity, ensure the successful implementation of civilizational development trends, and also resolve modern challenges. The result of these transformations should be the harmonization of media culture resources. It is obvious that the emergence of new problem situations causes an urgent need to increase, firstly, the dynamics of media creativity of content producers, and secondly, everyday media consumption of this potential. The authors argue that the digital media space, having received active development in the class­room, author, editorial, economic, and technological processes, will be able to ensure the unity of consciousness and activity of these subjects, the unity of media production and media consumption. The goal of the study is to ana­lyze the nature of the integrity of journalism operating within the digital media space. The article notes that journalism in the digital media space is called upon to fulfill an important social role: to ensure high dynamism of informa­tion exchange, social interaction between individuals and society. The authors concluded that modern journalism studies in the context of digitalization of the media space note its rapidly increasing typological capabilities as a factor of media creativity, actively promoting integration, unity of actions of individual and society in everyday media culture, which contributes to the implementation of strategies and programs for the civilizational development of society.
Convergent Journalism: The Main Vectors of Development and Prospects
Authors: Kim Maksim , Glushchenko Olesya , Puck Catherine
Published: February 2024

Today, convergence is called both the business strategy for the development of media holdings, and the tactics of convergence of dif­ferent media to promote services, and the merging of competencies in the training and professional activities of various media professionals, and the adaptation of public text to the realities of the latest technological revolution in the digital world, etc. The classical understanding of convergence as a mechanical merger is being revised. The generalized results of convergence in the media are new formats of information transmission and organizational and managerial structures optimized for this, hybrid content-genre forms, functional transformation of the media and much more. Convergence appears to be an evolutionary process that unfolds at different speeds across a variety of vectors in the instrumental-technological, organizational-managerial and text-centric spheres. With a large assumption, it is possible to construct a universal periodization of media convergence with an indication of the time range for each stage, since different media follow their own trajectory in convergent evolution. The authors propose to count the start of evolutionary processes in each area and, according to the configuration of new features and specific results of evolution, predict a development model with promising tracks for a particular media. Using structural and comparative analysis, the authors study in detail the approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "convergence", comprehend its true nature, and also explore the instrumental-technological, organizational-managerial and text-centric spheres of media convergence. This makes it possible to predict promising directions of convergent evolution in each area. Special attention is paid to the analysis of new selective features of journalistic text in the digital environment, the vector of their development is determined. The authors deal with the problems of professional training of journalists, analyzes changes in the professional skills of specialists for convergent journalism.
Russian Local Media: Opportunities, Problems, Prospects
Authors: Frolova Tatiana , Gatilin Alexander , Kasyutin Vladimir
Published: February 2024

The modern turbulent media environment has a significant impact not only on federal media holdings, but also on regional and municipal media. In the 2010s, the rapid decline in revenues from subscriptions, advertising, retail sales of printed copies of newspapers made most municipal editorial offices completely dependent on local and regional authorities. In the 2020s, in order to improve manageability and reduce costs, regional leaders are increasingly merging municipal media into media holdings, reducing their staff, often depriving journalists of the opportunity to regularly create original materials dedicated to the problems and hopes of residents of small towns and rural settlements. The article presents the answers of 29 leaders and journalists of local media from 22 regions of Russia, conducted by the authors using the methods and techniques of SWOT analysis: strengths and weaknesses of local media, external threats and development opportunities. The results showed that the most significant factors in the activities of regional newspapers are proximity (closeness) to the audience, citizens' trust in journalists (providing real benefits for the local community). Dependence on the authorities and the growing distrust of government officials lead dissatisfied citizens to social media and micro-communities in messengers. This survey is the beginning of a new large-scale study of local journalism.
Russian Political Propaganda Media Discourse: Definition of the Concept, Structure and Boundaries, Characteristics of Subjects
Authors: Malysheva Elena , Rogaleva Olga
Published: February 2024

The relevance of this article is due to the practice of broadcasting ideas about the basic political and ideological constants of the state and power, which is widespread in modern Russian political propaganda media discourse. The article presents an overview of the research on propaganda, political propaganda, its properties, methods. The study revealed the theoretical heterogeneity of the concept of "political propaganda", general signs and patterns of this phenomenon. The research task is to summarize the results of the scientific discussion, offer our own definition of the political propaganda discourse of the mass media and describe its structure. The author developed the definition of the political propaganda discourse of the mass media. In modern Russian mass media, there is a clear polarization of the discourse under study: it seems possible to single out state and opposition subdiscourses, or varieties, of political propaganda media discourse. The article presents an analysis of the field structure of the Russian political propaganda discourse using the example of the characteristics of the subjective and genre-format organization of one of its varieties — the state political propaganda media discourse. The authors carried out zoning and systematization of the media activities of the subjects of the state propaganda media discourse. The study found that the role of "pivot", core texts for this variety is played by texts created by the subjects of political communication and broadcast in the media. The totality of multi-genre and multi-format media products of professional journalists and representatives of the cultural elite of Russia, distributed through various media channels, constitutes the near-core zone of this discourse. On the periphery media texts are created by non-professional journalists and users. The content-thematic principle becomes unifying for the political propaganda discourse of mass media: it is a single ideological system with a characteristic set of concepts, values, and assessments. The article outlines the vectors for further study of this phenomenon.
Conceptualization of “Othering”: An Analysis of Western Media’s Mechanism for Constructing the Discourse of Beijing Winter Olympics
Authors: Menglong Li , Xiaoman Xing , Zhilun Li
Published: February 2024

The objective of the Olympic movement is to maintain separation of sports from politics. However, international politics has played a significant role in the survival and development of the Olympic Games throughout its history. Recently, Western media's politicization of Olympic organizers has been on the rise. This research paper aims to examine the role of mainstream media outlets in the United States, Canada, Britain, and Germany. It analyzes carefully selected samples of texts published during the Beijing Winter Olympics, employing critical discourse analysis as the primary methodology. The study aims to uncover the discourse strategies employed by Western media in covering Beijing Winter Olympics, the ideologies behind them, and their constructed image of global governance. The paper also examines the historical and realistic conditions in which this image has been formed and analyzes the discourse mechanism of Western media system. Western media’s narrative of the Olympic Games host is not primarily about China but rather a reflection of the West’s self-construction needs and embodiment. In this context, China is portrayed as a systemic competitor that challenges Europe, "subverts" international rules, and promotes alternative modes of governance. Through a critical analysis of the political implications underlying Western media coverage during the Beijing Winter Olympics, this study exposes the inherent limitations of the Western "othering" framework. In doing so, it provides invaluable insights that contribute to the development of Chinese discourse and narrative systems, ultimately strengthening the Chinese subjectivity framework in the realm of international communication.
Representation of Information Sources in the Regional News Agenda of the TASS Agency
Authors: Sinyakova Ekaterina
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of balancing the news agenda within the representation of newsmakers. The paper analyzes approaches to study the institutions and authority representation as news sources, and highlights the fact of the dependence of news editorials on PR-structures as a general trend that has developed in world practice in recent decades. The author analyzes the range of information sources that journalists of the most extensive correspondent network in the country TASS agency have been working with for 10 years. The article discusses various types of information sources, and also presents the author's version of it based on the "Galtung's triangle". According to this, the percentage of the presence in the news various newsmakers — representatives of government, business, and civil society — was calculated using the content analysis method. Data on the share of exclusive information on the agency's feed and its dynamics over 10 years have been obtained, and the difference in this indicator in various federal districts of the Russian Federation was shown. The study demonstrates how often journalists attract additional sources working with press releases. The results indicate a high degree of editorial dependence on regional officials as information sources, as well as the hypertrophied presence in the news of law enforcement agencies, emergency services, etc. The author concludes that the information sources range used by journalists in the regions reflects the dominance of the executive branch; journalists should interact more actively with representatives of the legislature, business structures and civil society.
Media Conflictology as a Field of Interdisciplinary Analysis of Social Conflicts
Authors: Vartanova Elena , Dunas Denis , Gladkova Anna
Published: February 2024

Studies of conflicts in socio-humanitarian knowledge have traditionally focused attention on the research of conflicts themselves, less attention has been paid to the features of their media representations depending on their types, types of media, as well as subsequent audience effects. In the context of increasing mediatization of social space, it seems relevant to analyze media-centric approaches to the study of conflicts, which may explain the formation of media conflictology as an autonomous area of research. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the study of the coverage of social conflicts in the media has become a prominent area of interdisciplinary research, complementing and combining the subject areas of conflictology and media studies that emerged in the 20th century. The emerging academic field has included the study of actors involved in the creation of media representations of conflicts, including traditional and new media, as well as various online communities of the digital media environment; analysis of the stages of the conflict and its consequences presented in the media; study of the influence of media communications on the “life cycle” of a conflict; consideration of a set of reasons for the representation of certain characteristics of the conflict in the media, including political, ideological and ethnocultural factors of the external environment; analysis of the intra- and extramedia context of the representation of the conflict and its features; research into the relationship between media representation of the conflict and the model and traditions of the national media system, regulatory conditions for media activity, the professional culture of a journalist and the communicative culture of society; studying the media-axiological aspect of the conflict.
Özel Eğitim ve Rehabilitasyon Merkezlerinde Çalışan Öğretmenlerin BEP Geliştirme Sürecine İlişkin Görüşleri
Authors: ARSLAN ARMUTCU Oya , KURT Mustafa , GENEL Melike
Published: February 2024

Bu araştırmada özel eğitim ve rehabilitasyon merkezlerinde (ÖERM) çalışan 14 öğretmenin bireyselleştirilmiş eğitim programı (BEP) geliştirme sürecine ilişkin görüşlerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda öğretmenlerin okul öncesi dönem, okul ve yaş dönemindeki öğrencileri için BEP geliştirme sürecinde; rolleri, yararlandıkları ölçü araçları, bu ölçü araçlarının müfredat ile örtüşme durumları, iş birliğinde bulundukları kişiler ve iletişim sıklıkları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin, geliştirdikleri BEP’lerin kalite ve yeterliliğine ilişkin görüşleri, kalite ve yeterliliğini arttırmaya yönelik önerileri istenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları incelendiğinde öğretmenlerin BEP geliştirme ve uygulama sürecinde değerlendirilme aşamasından başlayarak yeterli zamanı ayırma, müfredata uygun araç belirleme, ölçü aracı hazırlama ve işlevsel amaç belirlenme gibi zorluklar yaşadıkları, iletişim kurdukları kişilerin ve iletişim sıklıklarının büyük farklılıklar gösterdiği görülmektedir. Öğretmenler BEP’lerin geliştirilme sürecinde kendileri dışındaki kişi, kurum ve programlardan yararlanılmasının kalite ve yeterliliği olumsuz etkilediğine yönelik görüş belirtmektedirler. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin kalite ve yeterliliğin arttırılması için ise BEP geliştirme ve uygulama sürecinde öğretmen ve aile iş birliği kurularak, işlevsel amaç belirleyebilme ve BEP geliştirebilme için öğretmen eğitim programlarına katılmalarının gerektiği başta olmak üzere pek çok önerilerinin bulunduğu görülmektedir.
Acceso a la universidad y equidad
Authors: Sacristán Vera
Published: February 2024

El sistema universitario ha ido evolucionando progresivamente hacia una configuración más amplia y equitativa, pero todavía subsisten una serie de desigualdades manifiestas. Además de analizar el importante crecimiento del acceso a la universidad en las últimas décadas, en el presente artículo se analiza si este crecimiento se ha producido o no de forma socialmente equitativa. Por un lado, se aborda si las desigualdades económicas y culturales de partida inciden no sólo en el acceso a la universidad, sino también en la elección de los estudios y en las condiciones de vida estudiantil de los universitarios. Asimismo, al examinar la igualdad de oportunidades en el acceso, el estudio considera también la cuestión desde el punto de vista de la igualdad de género, así como el efecto del incremento sustancial de los precios de las matrículas universitarias, entre otros aspectos. Estas desigualdades en el sistema educativo, pueden comportar no solo efectos en la equidad, sino un mal aprovechamiento del talento de una sociedad.
Embracing failure in a first-year technology course
Authors: Donner Jodie , Warr Melissa , Leahy Sean M , Mishra Punya
Published: February 2024

Although students might expect a technology literacy course to provide them with tool-driven educational experiences, first year students in a teachers college at a large public university in the United States discovered, instead, a course that would move them beyond technology use to reflective development and understanding. The course designers used Dewey’s natural impulses for learning to create a course with a range of innovative assignments and pedagogical approaches. The resulting experience immersed future educators in exploration, scaffolded learning, provided multiple opportunities, and allowed for intellectual and personal growth. In this paper, we will describe the conceptual structure of the course, provide examples of assignments and activities, and describe the use of technology both for pedagogy and instructor interaction and design. We will include samples of students’ work and a description of their experiences based on their reflections.
L’aprenentatge basat en reptes al bàtxelor en Ciències de l’educació – Universitat d’Andorra
Authors: Gili Moneo Sònia
Published: February 2024

L'estudi que es presenta a continuació es desenvolupa al bàtxelor en Ciències de l'educació de la Universitat d'Andorra. Els objectius són analitzar la valoració dels estudiants en relació amb els sis primers reptes plantejats, l'acompanyament del professorat i els continguts dels seminaris i plantejar propostes per a la millora dels reptes en general. En aquest context també s’ofereix una visió profunda del contingut i la documentació dels seminaris del repte 5, que porta com a títol Ensenyament i aprenentatge de les ciències socials en una cultura democràtica. La metodologia emprada és quantitativa i s’utilitza com a instrument les enquestes dissenyades pel departament de qualitat. Es destaca una evolució en la valoració dels reptes, que és deguda bé per l'expertesa adquirida pels estudiants, o bé per les millores incorporades en el disseny de la formació. Alhora, s’identifiquen puntuacions baixes en la valoració per part dels estudiants en alguns seminaris el que duu a reflexionar sobre la diversitat d’estils d’aprenentatge dels estudiants, la perspectiva dels estudiants a l’hora de resoldre el repte i la vinculació del contingut dels seminaris amb les temàtiques dels reptes. L’anàlisi permet elaborar una sèrie de propostes que s’enfoquen a la millora del procés d’ensenyança-aprenentatge.
El aprendizaje invertido en la educación universitaria desde la perspectiva docente: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Valdivia Cañotte Sylvana , Santiago Campión Raul
Published: February 2024

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal caracterizar las investigaciones que han sido realizadas sobre el aprendizaje invertido en la educación universitaria y que consideren la perspectiva de los docentes. Dado que la mayoría de los estudios apunta a investigaciones experimentales, estudios mixtos o cualitativos centrados en el desarrollo del curso, el rendimiento, la efectividad y las percepciones del estudiante. Por ese motivo se busca analizar las bases conceptuales que sustentan las investigaciones, las características de su aplicación y las perspectivas que adoptan los docentes universitarios sobre este enfoque. Con esta finalidad se realiza una revisión sistemática de 29 artículos de investigación seleccionados de las bases de datos Science Direct, Web of Science y Scopus. Los resultados muestran una mayor presencia de estas investigaciones en Europa, Norteamérica y Oceanía, así como una tendencia creciente de las publicaciones en los últimos dos años. Además, se aprecia una variedad de definiciones para los términos aula invertida y aprendizaje invertido, así como las características asociadas al aprendizaje activo.

Palabras clave: aula invertida; aprendizaje invertido; educación superior; enseñanza universitaria; profesorado.
A Kano regression analysis of consumer satisfaction in decision-making for old house renovation
Authors: Hsuan Pao Huang , Huang Chia-Hui
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the psychological and emotional factors influencing consumers’ decision-making in old house renovation, focusing on how these factors impact satisfaction with the renovation outcomes. Employing Kano regression analysis, the study identifies charm quality attributes associated with satisfaction, such as the preservation of historical value, emotional connection, and family heritage. The findings reveal that these attributes, though not initially anticipated by consumers, significantly elevate their satisfaction with the renovation results. The insights not only offer pivotal practical guidance for the old house renovation industry but also contribute to the academic understanding of consumer behavior, highlighting the importance of considering emotional and value-driven factors in the renovation process. Furthermore, these findings provide profound insights for strategic planning and execution in old house renovation, emphasizing the significance of acknowledging and respecting consumers’ psychological and emotional needs in the context of urban development and cultural preservation.
Mixed states in bipolar disorder: The DSM-5 dilemma
Authors: Michel Bourin
Published: February 2024

Although clinical descriptions of mixed states date from the beginning of the 19th century, the first use of the term mixed state dates back to French nosological descriptions by Falret in 1861, who thus described "predominant ideas often of a sad nature, in the middle of a state of excitement simulating true mania", but also "inverse states, an extreme confusion of ideas which is combined with the calm of movements and the appearance of reason". It is rather in Germany that the mixed state will be integrated into a homogeneous conception of a psychiatric disorder, similar to our modern conception. Kraepelin describes it more completely in the seventh edition of his treatise. Weygandt, a student of Kraepelin, contributed to the description of mixed states and wrote a treatise specifically on this subject. Kraepelin's conception will be expanded by differentiating on the one hand the transitional forms (the mixed state being a form of passage between the manic and depressive poles) and the autonomous forms (with a worse prognosis). Akiskal offers an interesting enrichment of Kraepelinian and Hamburgers in mixed states. To do this, he uses his work on temperaments. Some clarification therefore seems necessary on the notions of temperament, character, and personality before delving deeper into this data. A decisive synthesis work is carried out by McElroy, et al. whose objective is then to establish an exhaustive review concerning the clinical characteristics, demographic, evolutionary, biological, familial, comorbidity, or response therapy of mixed states. Mixed states appear today in international classifications and are defined there as the summation of manic and major depressive episodes, both complete. Considering these definitions as too restrictive, some authors propose other broader and very variable criteria.
Genotype-by-environment interaction and selection of superior Physalis peruviana L. genotypes
Authors: García-Arias Francy Liliana , Sánchez-Betancourt Erika , Mayorga-Cubillos Franklin Giovanny , Rodríguez-Puertas David , Núñez-Zarantes Víctor Manuel
Published: February 2024

Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) productivity in Colombia can be increased by developing high-yielding and adaptable varieties identified in multi-environment trials. In this study, the genotype-by-environment interaction (G×E) for fruit yield and fruit weight of 13 cape gooseberry genotypes at seven locations was evaluated using a randomized complete block design. G×E interaction was significant for yield and fruit weight, suggesting a differential response of genotypes across environments. Through the AMMI analysis, similar and contrasting environments were identified, as well as the genotypes that contributed the most to the G×E interaction. Genotypes I, B, D, and H were the high yielding, ranging from 25.2 to 27.3 t ha-1, so they could be recommended for commercial cultivation. Genotypes B and D was stable in yield and widely adapted; while the genotypes I and H showed a specific adaptation for yield and exhibited heavier fruits. Genotype R1 exhibited the greater fruit weight in most locations except Ipiales but showed low fruit yield. The suitable locations for the cultivation of cape gooseberry were Pasto, Puerres, and Ipiales since they presented the highest yields and fruit weight.
Propagation of Cannabis sativa (L.) plants through cuttings and use of auxin phytoregulators
Authors: Porras-García Beatriz , Pinzón-Sandoval Elberth Hernado , Almanza-Merchán Pedro José
Published: February 2024

Cannabis sativa (L.) is an annual herbaceous species which has been extensively cultivated and used as a medicinal plant and for recreational purposes. Its medicinal value is primarily attributed to a group of secondary metabolites called phytocannabinoids, which are mainly concentrated in the essential oils of unfertilized female flowers. Asexual reproduction allows for the offspring of plant material while maintaining the genetic characteristics of the mother plant. The aim of the research was to improve the vegetative propagation process of Cannabis sativa (L.) cv. Eco-2, which has characteristics of medicinal phytocannabinoid producers, using auxin plant growth regulators (NAA and IBA) at different doses. The study was conducted under greenhouse conditions in the municipality of Pesca (Colombia). Doses of 400, 800 and 1,000 mg L-1 and a control without application were evaluated for plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, root volume and length, and rooting percentage. The best treatment was obtained with the application of NAA at a dose of 800 mg L-1, which resulted in a rooting percentage of 86.6%, a root length and volume of 9.0 cm and 5.0 cm3, and an increase in the length of the cutting by 3.8 cm, with significant differences compared to the treatment without application, after 4 weeks of planting. The use of auxin plant growth regulators becomes an alternative with high potential for the propagation of medicinal cannabinoid-producing plants.
Macronutrient absorption curves of carrot in the high tropics
Authors: Fernández-Pérez Carlos Julio , Cely-Reyes Germán Eduardo , Serrano-Cely Pablo Antonio
Published: February 2024

Carrot cultivation in Colombia reached 9,000 hectares in 2020. The production chain of this crop faces various problems, among which marketing and nutrition stand out, the latter a decisive factor for performance. Some studies claim that with the use of hybrids in combination with irrigation and balanced fertilization, yields greater than 70 t ha-1 can be obtained. The commercial competitiveness of crops is related to the timely, adequate and efficient application of nutrients; element absorption curves are tools that offer effective information on how much the crop assimilates during its phenological cycle, allowing us to know the minimum required amount of elements for the specific area. A carrot crop was established to determine the foliar absorption curves of macronutrients (N, P, K, Mg and Ca). The yield obtained was 39.6 t ha-1, with 552,500 plants/ha. K was the element with the highest absorption 147 days after sowing with 29.36 kg ha-1 for the leaves and 27.74 kg ha-1 in the root and a total of 57.1 kg ha-1. The order of the other elements was N, Ca, P and Mg. This information is useful for managing carrot nutrition in order to make fertilizer management efficient and improve yield.
CASES OF COHESION OF ETHNIC COMMUNITIES OF THE TEMPORARILY OCCUPIED MELITOPOL IN THE CONTEXT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF UNITY IN DIVERSITY: A PROJECT APPROACH
Authors:   The Council of Europe Project ", KONDUR Zemfira ,   Strengthening the protection of national minorities including Roma and minority languages in Ukraine", AFANASIEVA Liudmyla ,   Bohdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University, Ukraine, SEMIKIN Mykhailo ,   Bohdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University, Ukraine
Published: February 2024

The work outlines the subject field of application of the project approach in the implementation of effective mechanisms for the protection of the rights of ethnic minorities (communities) of the temporarily occupied Melitopol and the formation of the cohesion of the multicultural community for the stability and restoration of the de-occupied post-war city and the Azov region. The point is that thanks to participation in the Council of Europe project «Supporting the reform of the national minority legal framework and the resilience of national minorities and Roma in Ukraine», Melitopol multicultural community has become one of the most consolidated among the representatives of those communities in the occupied territories of Ukraine, which were forced to temporarily leave their homes and the city. The main problems of preserving cultural diversity and observing the rights and freedom of ethnic communities, factors and mechanisms for improving the legislative and political framework for the protection of minority rights in Ukraine and promoting cooperation between local authorities and national minorities in war conditions are analyzed. Considered prospective approaches to the implementation of alternative methods of combating discrimination in martial law conditions and overcoming communication gaps between ethnic communities that remained in temporarily occupied Melitopol, live in the territory under the control of Ukraine or were forced to leave abroad. The mechanisms of implementation of successful cases and positive experience of the multicultural community of Melitopol in preventing and countering discrimination of persons belonging to national minorities (communities) and indigenous peoples of Melitopol are substantiated, based on modeling elements of social reality and intensive interpersonal interaction which madeit possible to become one of the most consolidated among the representatives of the communitieson the occupied Ukrainian territories.
POLITICAL CENTRES OF UKRAINIAN EMIGRATION AND THEIR LEADERS IN THE CURRENT RESEARCHES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, KOBCHENKO Kateryna
Published: February 2024

(Review of publications: Vasyl Yablonskyi. Derzhavnyj tsentr UNR v eksyli: ideji, borotba, tradytsija (1921–1992 roky). [The State Centre of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in Exile: Ideas, Struggle, Tradition (1921–1992)]. Кyiv, 2020. 648 p.; Yaroslav Faizulin. Presydent UNR Andrij Livytskyj – advokat i polityk na tli epokhy. Seria „Advokyty-presidenty“ [The President of the Ukrainian People's Republic Andriy Livytskyi, the lawyer and politician in the context of his era .Seria «Lawyers-presidents»], Vol І. Kyiv, 2020. 384 p.) This review is an analysis of two monographs devoted to specific issues of the history of Ukrainian political emigration, which continued the traditions of the Ukrainian People's Republic and the Directory led by S. Petliura. The first of them examines the history of the State Centre of the UPR in exile, its activities in the interwar period, reorganisation and activity after the WWII. The second of these monographs is a political biography of the long-time head of the UPR State Centre in exile, including as President, Andriy Livytskyi. The review analyses the contribution of each author and the significance of each of these monographs for studies of the history of Ukrainian political emigration.
ROOSTER (HEN): FORM OF MYTHICAL CREATURES
Authors:   Klaipeda University, BALSYS Rimantas
Published: February 2024

This article is the continuation of the previous publications and reports given at scientific conferences that in one way or another, analysed the image of rooster/hen in the Baltic religion and mythology. This research aims to determine the relationship of the rooster/hen with various Lithuanian deities and mythical creatures and what reflections of this relationship can be encountered in the late 20th – early 21st century beliefs. The Catalogue of Lithuanian Narrative Folklore records quite a lot of sagas and beliefs in which a rooster / hen appears (is depicted) in the form of a rooster or a hen. Sagas in which household spirit appears in the form of a rooster are especially notable for their abundance. The image of the household spirit – rooster (household spirit is hatched from a rooster’s egg, fed with scrambled eggs, carries grain, lives in farm buildings, where grain is dried, threshed, and stored), brings it closer to the Lithuanian God of Threshing and Fire in the Threshing Barn called Gabjaujas. The idol of the god Vėjopatis, described by M. Pretorijus at the end of the 17th century and depicted with a rooster on his head, stands out for its originality. The available data allows the researchers to determine its purpose only hypothetically. Sagas and beliefs, in which fairies, devils, and witches assume the form of a hen (rarely, of a rooster), are considered of later origin when the images of the old faith were demonised under the influence of Christianity.
SEMANTIC BACKGROUND OF BINOMIALS WITH FOOD NAMES AS VARIETIES OF COORDINATE PHRASES
Authors:   National University «Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic», KOMLYK Nataliia , PEDCHENKO Svitlana ,   Poltava V. G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the semantic level of English idiomatic expressions, which linguists distinguish into a separate group of binomials. It is noted that there is no single unified view of these phrases, and most linguists distinguish them as a type of phraseological units. However, binomials differ from other constructions in their formal and grammatical organization. A binomial construction combines two words belonging to a specific lexical and grammatical class and is connected through coordinating relation. It is emphasized that these units are “frozen” coordinate word combinations with copulative relations, from which they have adopted the main parameters and, at the same time, acquired new ones due to transformation. In contrast to free coordinative phrases, binomials cannot be rearranged, changed or supplemented. The analysis has shown that, despite the formal and grammatical openness caused by the specificity of the copulative conjunction and, binomials are inherently semantically closed. It is noted that, unlike ordinary coordinate phrases, the components of a binomial can be service words that do not have lexical meaning by their nature. However, the coordinating relation that connects them determines the acquisition of different semantic shades by such a binomial construction. Therefore, these idiomatic expressions are a vivid example of the close interaction between formal grammatical, semantic, and syntactic levels. Another feature of binomials is the interaction of their constituents: in a free coordinate phrase, the components show equality and independence, while in a binomial expression, the interdependence of the left and right components is clearly traced. Considering the semantic, it is advisable to classify binomials into three groups: 1) those in which the meaning of the binomial is fully motivated by the component composition; 2) idiomatic expressions that, having a direct meaning, can simultaneously acquire a figurative meaning; 3) binomials whose meaning is not motivated by the meaning of their components.