bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Proposed Model for Cryovolcanic Activity on Enceladus Driven by Volatile Exsolution
Authors: Mitchell Karl L. , Rabinovitch Jason , Scamardella Jonathan C. , Cable Morgan L.
Published: July 2024

There is considerable interest in sending a mission to Enceladus to sample its erupting materials, which are sourced from its ocean, a proposed habitable environment. However, we lack resolution between competing ascent and eruption models, which offer differing consequences and challenges for mission sampling and access strategies. We report a new Enceladus ascent and eruption model, “Cryo‐Erupt,” where ascent from ocean to jet is driven by the exsolution and expansion of dissolved gases from ascending water within conduits. This mechanism shares many similarities with some forms of terrestrial activity, including explosive silicate volcanism, cold‐water geysers and “limnic” eruptions. This preliminary study suggests that this mode of ascent and eruption is viable and broadly consistent with a range of observations including the apparent co‐existence of point‐ (jet) and fissure‐ (curtain) sourced activity as well as strong contrasts in velocity and ice‐to‐vapor ratio between the plume and the jets feeding it. However, it requires the co‐existence of a sublimation plume as an additive component to the broader plume. The outcomes of the Cryo‐Erupt model differ in terms of conduit physical and chemical processes from previously proposed boiling interface eruption models, for example, predicting larger dynamic pressures and narrower conduits, which could present challenges for direct robotic access. Due to the lack of a static boiling interface or wall condensation, bulk composition is unlikely to change appreciably during ascent from the ocean‐conduit interface to the jet, potentially simplifying the interpretation of samples collected in space or on Enceladus’ surface.
Predicting Mean Flow Through an Array of Cylinders
Authors: He F. , Draper S. , Ghisalberti M. , An H. , Branson P.
Published: July 2024

The present paper develops a new framework to predict the mean flow through an array of cylinders in which the flow around the array (array‐scale) and the flow around individual cylinders (element‐scale) are modeled separately using actuator disc theory and empirical drag models respectively, and then coupled through the net drag force. Applying this framework only requires knowledge of the array geometry and incident flow. The framework is validated using high‐fidelity direct numerical simulations for arrays of between 7 and 109 cylinders having different arrangements (staggered, concentric, random) and bounding shapes (circular, square) in both two‐ and three‐dimensional flows. In general, the framework outperforms existing models which require calibration and are only valid for part of the practical parameter space. The demonstrated scale separation suggests different combinations of element‐scale and array‐scale models/theories may be used for other arrangements of bluff bodies.
Inhalable cardiac targeting peptide modified nanomedicine prevents pressure overload heart failure in male mice
Authors: Weng Haobo , Zou Weijuan , Tian Fangyan , Xie Huilin , Liu Ao , Liu Wen , Liu Yu , Zhou Nianwei , Cai Xiaojun , Wu Jianrong , Zheng Yuanyi , Shu Xianhong
Published: July 2024

Heart failure causes considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Clinically applied drugs for the treatment of heart failure are still severely limited by poor delivery efficiency to the heart and off-target consumption. Inspired by the high heart delivery efficiency of inhaled drugs, we present an inhalable cardiac-targeting peptide (CTP)-modified calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticle for the delivery of TP-10, a selective inhibitor of PDE10A. The CTP modification significantly promotes cardiomyocyte and fibroblast targeting during the pathological state of heart failure in male mice. TP-10 is subsequently released from TP-10@CaP-CTP and effectively attenuates cardiac remodelling and improved cardiac function. In view of these results, a low dosage (2.5 mg/kg/2 days) of inhaled medication exerted good therapeutic effects without causing severe lung injury after long-term treatment. In addition, the mechanism underlying the amelioration of heart failure is investigated, and the results reveal that the therapeutic effects of this system on cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts are mainly mediated through the cAMP/AMPK and cGMP/PKG signalling pathways. By demonstrating the targeting capacity of CTP and verifying the biosafety of inhalable CaP nanoparticles in the lung, this work provides a perspective for exploring myocardium-targeted therapy and presents a promising clinical strategy for the long-term management of heart failure.
Latitude-dependent oxygen fugacity in arc magmas
Authors: Hu Fangyang , Jiang Hehe , Wan Bo , Ducea Mihai N. , Gao Lei , Wu Fu-Yuan
Published: July 2024

The redox state of arc mantle has been considered to be more oxidized and diverse than that of the mid-ocean ridge, but the cause of the variation is debated. We examine the redox state of the Cenozoic global arc mantle by compiling measured/calculated fO2 of olivine-hosted melt inclusions from arc magma and modeled fO2 based on V/Sc and Cu/Zr ratios of arc basaltic rocks. The results indicate that the redox state of Cenozoic arc mantle is latitude dependent, with less oxidized arc mantle in the low latitudes, contrasting with a near constant across-latitude trend in the mid-ocean ridges. We propose that such a latitude-dependent pattern in the arc mantle may be controlled by the variation in the redox state of subducted sediment, possibly related to a latitudinal variation in the primary production of phytoplankton, which results in more organic carbon and sulfide deposited on the low-latitude ocean floor. Our findings provide evidence for the impact of the surface environment on Earth’s upper mantle.
Slab steepening and rapid mantle wedge replacement during back-arc rifting in the New Hebrides
Authors: Haase Karsten M. , Regelous Marcel , Beier Christoph , Koppers Anthony A. P.
Published: July 2024

The effects of the composition and angle of the subducting slab and mantle wedge flow on tectonic and magmatic processes in island arcs and associated back-arcs are poorly understood. Here we analyse the ages and compositions of submarine lavas from the flanks and the floor of the back-arc Futuna Trough some 50 km east of Tanna Island in the New Hebrides arc front. Whereas >2.5 Ma-old back-arc lavas formed from an enriched mantle source strongly metasomatized by a slab component, the younger lavas show less slab input into a depleted mantle wedge. The input of the slab component decreased over the past 2.5 million years while the enriched mantle was replaced by depleted peridotite. The change of Futuna Trough lava compositions indicates rapid (10 s of km/million years) replacement of the mantle wedge by corner flow and slab steepening due to rollback, causing extensional stress and back-arc rifting in the past 2.5 million years.
Versatile nanobody-based approach to image, track and reconstitute functional Neurexin-1 in vivo
Authors: Vicidomini Rosario , Choudhury Saumitra Dey , Han Tae Hee , Nguyen Tho Huu , Nguyen Peter , Opazo Felipe , Serpe Mihaela
Published: July 2024

Neurexins are key adhesion proteins that coordinate extracellular and intracellular synaptic components. Nonetheless, the low abundance of these multidomain proteins has complicated any localization and structure-function studies. Here we combine an ALFA tag (AT)/nanobody (NbALFA) tool with classic genetics, cell biology and electrophysiology to examine the distribution and function of the Drosophila Nrx-1 in vivo. We generate full-length and ΔPDZ ALFA-tagged Nrx-1 variants and find that the PDZ binding motif is key to Nrx-1 surface expression. A PDZ binding motif provided in trans, via genetically encoded cytosolic NbALFA-PDZ chimera, fully restores the synaptic localization and function of NrxΔPDZ-AT. Using cytosolic NbALFA-mScarlet intrabody, we achieve compartment-specific detection of endogenous Nrx-1, track live Nrx-1 transport along the motor neuron axons, and demonstrate that Nrx-1 co-migrates with Rab2-positive vesicles. Our findings illustrate the versatility of the ALFA system and pave the way towards dissecting functional domains of complex proteins in vivo.
Constrained patterning of orientated metal chalcogenide nanowires and their growth mechanism
Authors: Yang Qishuo , Wang Yun-Peng , Shi Xiao-Lei , Li XingXing , Zhao Erding , Chen Zhi-Gang , Zou Jin , Leng Kai , Cai Yongqing , Zhu Liang , Pantelides Sokrates T. , Lin Junhao
Published: July 2024

One-dimensional metallic transition-metal chalcogenide nanowires (TMC-NWs) hold promise for interconnecting devices built on two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides, but only isotropic growth has so far been demonstrated. Here we show the direct patterning of highly oriented Mo6Te6 NWs in 2D molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) using graphite as confined encapsulation layers under external stimuli. The atomic structural transition is studied through in-situ electrical biasing the fabricated heterostructure in a scanning transmission electron microscope. Atomic resolution high-angle annular dark-field STEM images reveal that the conversion of Mo6Te6 NWs from MoTe2 occurs only along specific directions. Combined with first-principles calculations, we attribute the oriented growth to the local Joule-heating induced by electrical bias near the interface of the graphite-MoTe2 heterostructure and the confinement effect generated by graphite. Using the same strategy, we fabricate oriented NWs confined in graphite as lateral contact electrodes in the 2H-MoTe2 FET, achieving a low Schottky barrier of 11.5 meV, and low contact resistance of 43.7 Ω µm at the metal-NW interface. Our work introduces possible approaches to fabricate oriented NWs for interconnections in flexible 2D nanoelectronics through direct metal phase patterning.
Whole-genome sequencing of 13 Arctic plants and draft genomes of Oxyria digyna and Cochlearia groenlandica
Authors: Kim Jun , Lim Jiseon , Kim Moonkyo , Lee Yoo Kyung
Published: July 2024

To understand the genomic characteristics of Arctic plants, we generated 28–44 Gb of short-read sequencing data from 13 Arctic plants collected from the High Arctic Svalbard. We successfully estimated the genome sizes of eight species by using the k-mer-based method (180–894 Mb). Among these plants, the mountain sorrel (Oxyria digyna) and Greenland scurvy grass (Cochlearia groenlandica) had relatively small genome sizes and chromosome numbers. We obtained 45 × and 121 × high-fidelity long-read sequencing data. We assembled their reads into high-quality draft genomes (genome size: 561 and 250 Mb; contig N50 length: 36.9 and 14.8 Mb, respectively), and correspondingly annotated 43,105 and 29,675 genes using ~46 and ~85 million RNA sequencing reads. We identified 765,012 and 88,959 single-nucleotide variants, and 18,082 and 7,698 structural variants (variant size ≥ 50 bp). This study provided high-quality genome assemblies of O. digyna and C. groenlandica, which are valuable resources for the population and molecular genetic studies of these plants.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae
Authors: Cao Li-Jun , Guan Tian-Bo , Chen Jin-Cui , Yang Fangyuan , Liu Jing-Xian , Jin Feng-Liang , Wei Shu-Jun
Published: July 2024

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is a notorious pest in agriculture that has developed resistance to almost all chemical types used for its control. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome for the TSSM using Illumina, Nanopore, and Hi-C sequencing technologies. The assembled contigs had a total length of 103.94 Mb with an N50 of 3.46 Mb, with 87.7 Mb of 34 contigs anchored to three chromosomes. The chromosome-level genome assembly had a BUSCO completeness of 94.8%. We identified 15,604 protein-coding genes, with 11,435 genes that could be functionally annotated. The high-quality genome provides invaluable resources for the genetic and evolutionary study of TSSM.
Chromatin conformation and histone modification profiling across human kidney anatomic regions
Authors: Li Haikuo , Li Dian , Humphreys Benjamin D.
Published: July 2024

The three major anatomic regions of the human kidney include the cortex, medulla and papilla, with different functions and vulnerabilities to kidney diseases. Epigenetic mechanisms underlying these anatomic structures are incompletely understood. Here, we performed chromatin conformation capture with Hi-C and histone modification H3K4me3/H3K27me3 Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) sequencing on the kidney cortex, medulla and papilla dissected from one individual donor. Nuclear suspensions were generated from each region and split subjected to paired Hi-C and CUT&RUN sequencing. We evaluated the quality of next-generation sequencing data, Hi-C chromatin contact matrices and CUT&RUN peak calling. H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 histone modifications represent active and repressive gene transcription, respectively, and differences in chromatin conformation between kidney regions can be analyzed with this dataset. All raw and processed data files are publicly available, allowing researchers to survey the epigenetic landscape across regional human kidney anatomy.
Comprehensive insights on genetic alterations and immunotherapy prognosis in Chinese melanoma patients
Authors: Jia Dong-Dong , Li Tao
Published: July 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have emerged as a promising therapeutic option for melanoma, which demonstrating improved clinical outcomes in melanoma patients regardless of specific genetic mutations. However, the identification of reliable biomarkers for predicting immunotherapy response and prognosis remains a challenge. In this study, we performed genetic profiling of the melanoma patients with different subtypes and evaluated the efficacy of ICI treatment. A total of 221 melanoma patients were included in our cohort, consisting primarily of acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), and mucosal malignant melanoma (MMM). Genetic analysis revealed BRAF mutations was predominant in CMM and NRAS mutations was prevalent in ALM. Copy number variants (CNVs) and structural variants (SV) were also detected, with CCND1 and CDK4 being the most affected genes in CNV and BRAF, ALK and RAF1 being the druggable targets in SV. Furthermore, NRAS mutations were associated with a poor prognosis in ALM, while TERT mutations were linked to unfavorable outcomes in CMM after receiving PD-1 therapy. Additionally, ALK expression exhibited improved outcomes in both ALM and CMM subtypes. Our study provides a comprehensive genomic and pathological profiling of Chinese melanoma patients, shedding light on the molecular landscape of the disease. Furthermore, numbers of gene mutations and ALK expression were identified as prognostic indicators. These findings contribute to the understanding of melanoma genetics in the Chinese population and have implications for personalized treatment approaches.
Enduring maternal brain changes and their role in mediating motherhood’s impact on well-being
Authors: Rotondi Valentina , Allegra Michele , Kashyap Ridhi , Barban Nicola , Sironi Maria , Reverberi Carlo
Published: July 2024

Parenthood, particularly motherhood, is known to impact the structure and function of the brain in the short term, but the long-term effects of parenthood and their impacts on well-being are still poorly understood. This study explores the potential longer-term associations between parenthood and the brain, parenthood and well-being, and the potential role of brain modifications in influencing mothers’ well-being. Using data from the UK Biobank, which includes brain imaging information from individuals aged 45–82 at the MRI scanning, we discovered differences in brain structure between mothers and non-mothers, with mothers exhibiting widely distributed higher gray matter density, particularly strong in frontal and occipital regions. No brain changes were observed in fathers. Parents reported a higher sense of life’s meaning compared to their childless counterparts. Gray matter changes did not mediate the relationship between motherhood and well-being. This suggests that the alterations in gray matter associated with motherhood do not play a deterministic role in shaping long-term changes in well-being.
Ultra-broadband and high extinction ratio polarization splitter based on triple-tapered directional couplers
Authors: Faramarzi Hamed , Soltani Afsoun , Firouzeh Zaker Hossein , Zeidaabadi Nezhad Abolghasem , Safian Reza
Published: July 2024

The design and numerically investigation of a silicon polarization splitter (PS) is proposed using triple-tapered directional couplers (DCs).The proposed device consists of a triple-tapered DC, a triple-bent DC at through port, and a tapered waveguide at cross port. The coupling length of the device is 20.5 µm. At the 1550 nm wavelength, the realized PS exhibits the extinction ratio (ER) values of 35.7 dB and 37.35 dB as well as the insertion loss values of < 0.58 dB and < 0.4 dB for the TE and TM polarization modes, respectively. Furthermore, the device’s bandwidth for ER > 20 dB and ER > 25 dB are 170 nm and 136 nm, respectively.
Baseline biomarkers of efficacy and on-treatment immune-profile changes associated with bempegaldesleukin plus nivolumab
Authors: Gogas Helen , Ravimohan Shruthi , Datta Antara , Chhibber Aparna , Couselo Eva Muñoz , Diab Adi , Pereira Caio , Quéreux Gaëlle , Sandhu Shahneen , Curti Brendan , Khushalani Nikhil I. , Taylor Matthew H. , Daniels Gregory A. , Spreafico Anna , Meniawy Tarek , Van Den Eertwegh Alfons J. M. , Sun Yongliang , Arriaga Yull , Zhou Ming , Long Georgina V. , Lebbé Céleste
Published: July 2024

In PIVOT IO 001 (NCT03635983), the combination of the investigational interleukin-2 agonist bempegaldesleukin (BEMPEG) with nivolumab (NIVO) had no added clinical benefit over NIVO monotherapy in unresectable/metastatic melanoma. Pre-defined baseline and on-treatment changes in selected biomarkers were analyzed to explore the potential mechanisms underlying the clinical observations. In each treatment arm, higher baseline tumor mutational burden or immune infiltration/inflammation was associated with improved efficacy compared with lower levels. On-treatment peripheral biomarker changes showed that BEMPEG + NIVO increased all immune cell subset counts interrogated, including regulatory T cells. This was followed by attenuation of the increase in CD8 + T cells, conventional CD4 + T cells, and systemic interferon gamma levels at later treatment cycles in the combination arm. Changes in tumor biomarkers were comparable between arms. These biomarker results help provide a better understanding of the mechanism of action of BEMPEG + NIVO and may help contextualize the clinical observations from PIVOT IO 001.
Simultaneous optical power insensitivity and non-volatile wavelength trimming using 2D In4/3P2Se6 integration in silicon photonics
Authors: Tamalampudi Srinivasa Reddy , Dushaq Ghada , Serunjogi Solomon M. , Rajput Nitul S. , Rasras Mahmoud S.
Published: July 2024

In integrated photonic circuits, microring resonators are essential building blocks but are susceptible to phase errors due to fabrication imperfections and optical power fluctuations. Conventional active phase tuning methods are power-intensive and challenging to integrate into densely packed photonic chips. This study proposes a solution by integrating a thin 2D layer of In4/3P2Se6(InPSe) onto silicon microring resonators (Si-MRR). This approach mitigates sensitivity to laser power and achieves non-volatile wavelength trimming. Under bias voltage, the device exhibits electro-optic behavior, offering a non-volatile phase trimming rate of −2.62 pm/V to −4.62 pm/V, corresponding to InPSe thicknesses of 45 nm to 120 nm. Low optical losses of 0.0091 to 0.0361 dB/μm were also measured, corresponding to thicknesses of 30 nm to 120 nm. The devices demonstrate stable in-situ resonance wavelength stabilization and bidirectional trimming, ensuring cyclic stability for non-volatile phase control. This advancement enhances the performance of silicon photonics across diverse applications, facilitating high-capacity, high-power operation in compact designs.
Efficient methane oxidation to formaldehyde via photon–phonon cascade catalysis
Authors: Xu Youxun , Wang Chao , Li Xiyi , Xiong Lunqiao , Zhang Tianyu , Zhang Liquan , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Lan Yang , Tang Junwang
Published: July 2024

The oxidation of methane to value-added chemicals provides an opportunity to use this abundant feedstock for sustainable petrochemistry. Unfortunately, such technologies remain insufficiently competitive due to a poor selectivity and a low yield rate for target products. Here we show a photon–phonon-driven cascade reaction that allows for methane conversion to formaldehyde with an unprecedented productivity of 401.5 μmol h−1 (or 40,150 μmol g−1 h−1) and a high selectivity of 90.4% at 150 °C. Specifically, with a ZnO catalyst decorated with single Ru atoms, methane first reacts with water to selectively produce methyl hydroperoxide via photocatalysis, followed by a thermodecomposition step yielding formaldehyde. Single Ru atoms, serving as electron acceptors, improve charge separation and promote oxygen reduction in photocatalysis. This reaction route with minimized energy consumption and high efficiency suggests a promising pathway for the sustainable transformation of light alkanes.
A size-dependent division strategy accounts for leukemia cell size heterogeneity
Authors: Miotto Mattia , Scalise Simone , Leonetti Marco , Ruocco Giancarlo , Peruzzi Giovanna , Gosti Giorgio
Published: July 2024

Heterogeneity in the size distribution of cancer cell populations is linked to drug resistance and invasiveness. However, understanding how such heterogeneity arises is still damped by the difficulties of monitoring the proliferation at the typical timescales of mammalian cells. Here, we show how to infer the growth regime and division strategy of leukemia cell populations using live cell fluorescence labeling and flow cytometry in combination with an analytical model where cell growth and division rates depend on powers of the size. We found that the dynamics of the size distribution of Jurkat T-cells is reproduced by (i) a sizer-like division strategy, with (ii) division times following an Erlang distribution and (iii) fluctuations up to ten percent of the inherited fraction of size at division. Overall, our apparatus can be extended to other cell types and environmental conditions allowing for a comprehensive characterization of the growth and division model different cells adopt.
Automated construction of cognitive maps with visual predictive coding
Authors: Gornet James , Thomson Matt
Published: July 2024

Humans construct internal cognitive maps of their environment directly from sensory inputs without access to a system of explicit coordinates or distance measurements. Although machine learning algorithms like simultaneous localization and mapping utilize specialized inference procedures to identify visual features and construct spatial maps from visual and odometry data, the general nature of cognitive maps in the brain suggests a unified mapping algorithmic strategy that can generalize to auditory, tactile and linguistic inputs. Here we demonstrate that predictive coding provides a natural and versatile neural network algorithm for constructing spatial maps using sensory data. We introduce a framework in which an agent navigates a virtual environment while engaging in visual predictive coding using a self-attention-equipped convolutional neural network. While learning a next-image prediction task, the agent automatically constructs an internal representation of the environment that quantitatively reflects spatial distances. The internal map enables the agent to pinpoint its location relative to landmarks using only visual information.The predictive coding network generates a vectorized encoding of the environment that supports vector navigation, where individual latent space units delineate localized, overlapping neighbourhoods in the environment. Broadly, our work introduces predictive coding as a unified algorithmic framework for constructing cognitive maps that can naturally extend to the mapping of auditory, sensorimotor and linguistic inputs.
Fabrication of covalently bonded MoS2–graphene heterostructures with different organic linkers
Authors: Chen Lei , Hou Hui-Lei , Prato Maurizio
Published: July 2024

Achieving stable and reliable 2D-2D van der Waals heterostructures remains challenging. The broadest strategy for synthesizing these heterostructures is growth or manually stacking one material on top of the other, yet it is inefficient. Here, we present a strategy for synthesizing covalently bonded MoS2-graphene heterostructures using organic linkers with two anchor sites at a low cost. Our covalent heterostructures exhibit a more homogeneously alternating structure than the corresponding randomly alternating structure of vdW heterostructures, as confirmed by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurements. Moreover, different linkers can be used to adjust the interlayer distance between graphene and MoS2, leading to significant impacts on their optical and electrochemical properties, including Photoluminescence (PL), cyclic voltammetry (CV), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and SERS. Our strategy offers opportunities to advance fundamental research and enable the practical application of 2D/2D van der Waals heterostructures in various fields, including optoelectronics, energy storage, and catalysis.
Precision imaging of cardiac function and scar size in acute and chronic porcine myocardial infarction using ultrahigh-field MRI
Authors: Lohr David , Kollmann Alena , Bille Maya , Terekhov Maxim , Elabyad Ibrahim , Hock Michael , Baltes Steffen , Reiter Theresa , Schnitter Florian , Bauer Wolfgang Rudolf , Hofmann Ulrich , Schreiber Laura Maria
Published: July 2024

Background

7 T cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies may enable higher precision in clinical metrics like cardiac function, ventricular mass, and more. Higher precision may allow early detection of functional impairment and early evaluation of treatment responses in clinical practice and pre-clinical studies. Methods: Seven female German Landrace pigs were scanned prior to and at three time points (3–4 days, 7–10 days, and ~60 days) post myocardial infarction using a whole body 7 T system and three radiofrequency (RF) coils developed and built in-house to accompany animal growth. Results: The combination of dedicated RF hardware and 7 T MRI enables a longitudinal study in a pig model of acute and chronic infarction, providing consistent blood tissue contrast and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in measurements of cardiac function, as well as low coefficients of variation (CoV) for ejection fraction (CoVintra-observer: 2%, CoVinter-observer: 3.8%) and infarct size (CoVintra-observer: 8.4%, CoVinter-observer: 3.8%), despite drastic animal growth. Conclusions: Best results are achieved via manual segmentation. We define state-of-the-art procedures for large animal studies at 7 T.
Humans need auditory experience to produce typical volitional nonverbal vocalizations
Authors: Pisanski Katarzyna , Reby David , Oleszkiewicz Anna
Published: July 2024

Human nonverbal vocalizations such as screams and cries often reflect their evolved functions. Although the universality of these putatively primordial vocal signals and their phylogenetic roots in animal calls suggest a strong reflexive foundation, many of the emotional vocalizations that we humans produce are under our voluntary control. This suggests that, like speech, volitional vocalizations may require auditory input to develop typically. Here, we acoustically analyzed hundreds of volitional vocalizations produced by profoundly deaf adults and typically-hearing controls. We show that deaf adults produce unconventional and homogenous vocalizations of aggression and pain that are unusually high-pitched, unarticulated, and with extremely few harsh-sounding nonlinear phenomena compared to controls. In contrast, fear vocalizations of deaf adults are relatively acoustically typical. In four lab experiments involving a range of perception tasks with 444 participants, listeners were less accurate in identifying the intended emotions of vocalizations produced by deaf vocalizers than by controls, perceived their vocalizations as less authentic, and reliably detected deafness. Vocalizations of congenitally deaf adults with zero auditory experience were most atypical, suggesting additive effects of auditory deprivation. Vocal learning in humans may thus be required not only for speech, but also to acquire the full repertoire of volitional non-linguistic vocalizations.
The effects of caffeine on pancreatic diseases: the known and possible mechanisms
Authors: Pan Letian , Mei Qixiang , Gu Qiuyun , Duan Mingyu , Yan Chenyuan , Hu Yusen , Zeng Yue , Fan Junjie
Published: July 2024

Caffeine is a common component of coffee, tea, soft drinks and energy drinks. This review summarized the recent studies about its effects on pancreatic diseases and related mechanisms.
Entry to 4,5-fused coumarin frameworks via radical-promoted alkylative intramolecular C5-annulation
Authors: Raji Reddy Chada , Edhara Venkatareddy , Kumari Ankita , Patil Amol D. , Thandavamurthy Karthikeyan
Published: July 2024

A silver-catalyzed oxidative protocol for the synthesis of previously unfamiliar 4,5-fused coumarins is disclosed.
Metal centers and aromatic moieties in Schiff base complexes: impact on G-quadruplex stabilization and oncogene downregulation
Authors: Froux Aurane , D'Anna Luisa , Rainot Aurianne , Neybecker Camille , Spinello Angelo , Bonsignore Riccardo , Rouget Raphaël , Harlé Guillaume , Terenzi Alessio , Monari Antonio , Grandemange Stéphanie , Barone Giampaolo
Published: July 2024

We present the synthesis and characterization of novel square planar transition metal complexes of Schiff base ligands, which act as guanine quadruplex binders and stabilizers.
Superhydrophobic fluorinated metal–organic framework (MOF) devices for high-efficiency oil–water separation
Authors: Ma Jiaqi , Zhang Mingshi , Feng Rui , Dong Lu , Sun Wei , Jia Yanyuan
Published: July 2024

A series of fluorinated UiO-66 was prepared using the bottom-up method. The composites of 2CF3-UiO-66 and cotton show excellent oil–water separation efficiency (up to 99.66%).
Effect of a solvothermal method using DMF on the dispersibility of rGO, application of rGO as a CDI electrode material, and recovery of sp2-hybridized carbon
Authors: Lee Junho , Ju Seonghyeon , Lim Chaehwi , Lee Jihoon , Yoon Yeojoon
Published: July 2024

To improve the low dispersibility of rGO, solvothermal reduction was applied with N,N-dimethylformamide and the electrochemical performance was measured.
Design, synthesis, and anti-mycobacterial evaluation of 1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile analogues
Authors: Khetmalis Yogesh Mahadu , Shobha Singarapalle , Nandikolla Adinarayana , Chandu Ala , Murugesan Sankaranarayanan , Kumar Muthyala Murali Krishna , Chandra Sekhar Kondapalli Venkata Gowri
Published: July 2024

Twenty-eight compounds, viz., 1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile (ANC and ANA) derivatives, were designed and synthesized through a molecular hybridization approach. The designed compounds were evaluated for anti-TB activity against Mtb H37Rv strain.
Metal π-Lewis base activation in palladium(0)-catalyzed trans-alkylative cyclization of alkynals
Authors: Zhu Lei , Zhao Bo , Xie Ke , Gui Wu-Tao , Niu Sheng-Li , Zheng Peng-Fei , Chen Ying-chun , Qi Xiao-Wei , Ouyang Qin
Published: July 2024

We propose a metal π-Lewis base activation mode in the Pd(0)-catalyzed trans-difunctionalization of alkyne, wherein electron flows to the alkyne Pd(0) center through a back donation to realize the nucleophilic addition to the electrophiles.
Paper-based sensing of pancreatic-cancer biomarker α-chymotrypsin through turn-on lanthanide-luminescence
Authors: Biswas Ananya , Maitra Uday
Published: July 2024

An inexpensive and robust paper-based sensor has been developed to detect pancreatic cancer biomarker α-chymotrypsin through turn-on visible light emitting Tb3+-luminescence for the first time.
Modelling the effects of charge on antibiotic diffusion and adsorption in liquid crystalline virus suspensions
Authors: van Rossem Maria Tessel , Wilks Sandra , Kaczmarek Malgosia , D’Alessandro Giampaolo
Published: July 2024

The effect of charge on antibiotic diffusion through a liquid crystalline virus layer was investigated using a highly generalisable model. This uncovers how charge effects slow down the diffusion, increasing the antibiotic tolerance of bacteria.
Orientational transitions of discotic columnar liquid crystals in cylindrical pores
Authors: Zhang Rui-bin , Grunwald Marco A. , Zeng Xiang-bing , Laschat Sabine , Cammidge Andrew N. , Ungar Goran
Published: July 2024

Configurations of soft columns confined in a hard cylindrical pore tuned by pore size, column flexibility and surface anchoring.
Modeling evolution of cell morphology under stretching
Authors: Li Nanxin , Kong Xiangtian , Zhang Xiaoyao , Cao Yuanyuan , Chen Tongsheng , Li Xinlei
Published: July 2024

A dynamic model is proposed to study the evolution of cell morphology during the stretching of substrate by analyzing the transformation and competition between cell deformation energy and adhesion energy.
Excellent self-cleaning, ultrawideband absorption, and rapid heat dissipation of magnetic hybrid foams from a facile one-step annealing route
Authors: Chen Yangbing , Ji Ran , Chen Xuan , Wang Peiwen , Ye Huiming , Tong Guoxiu , Wang Xiaojuan , Wu Wenhua
Published: July 2024

A series of multifunctional magnetic hybrid foams are synthesized via a general one-step PVP- and gas bubble-co-assisted annealing route for the synergistic enhancement of self-cleaning, microwave absorption, and heat dissipation.
Computational screening of two-dimensional conductive metal–organic frameworks as electrocatalysts for the nitric oxide reduction reaction
Authors: Qiao Man , Yue Ye , Xie Jiachi , Zhu Dongdong
Published: July 2024

Through a “four-step” screening strategy, Mo3(C6O6)2 is selected from 25 2D c-MOFs as the NORR electrocatalyst, which has a low limiting potential of −0.20 V, as well as strong capability to suppress competing H2, N2, and N2O formation.
Influence of electrolyte on the photo-charging capability of a ZnO–FTO supercapacitor
Authors: Chauhan Pankaj Singh , Parekh Mihir , Sahoo Santilata , Kumar Sumana , Mahapatra Ayon Das , Sharma Pragya , Panwar Vinod , Rao Apparao M. , Misra Abha
Published: July 2024

Photo-rechargeable supercapacitors serve as a bridge between batteries and solar cells for developing efficient energy storage devices.
Bismuth drives the morphology and piezoresistivity of lead-free (TMSO)3Sn3xBi2(1−x)I9 halide perovskite thin films
Authors: Virga Simone , Arrabito Giuseppe , Ferrara Vittorio , Scopelliti Michelangelo , Longo Alessandro , Pignataro Bruno , Giannici Francesco
Published: July 2024

The bending strain sensitivity of (TMSO)SnI3, a monodimensional lead-free halide, is greatly increased by Bi doping. The observed piezoresistivity is fully reversible and can be explained based on the microstructural features.
Multi‐feature fusion and memory‐based mobile robot target tracking system
Authors: Sun Hanqing , Zhang Shijie , Quan Qingle
Published: July 2024

In crowded settings, mobile robots face challenges like target disappearance and occlusion, impacting tracking performance. Despite existing optimisations, tracking in complex environments remains insufficient. To address this issue, the authors propose a tailored visual navigation tracking system for crowded scenes. For target disappearance, an autonomous navigation strategy based on target coordinates, utilising a path memory bank for intelligent search and re‐tracking is introduced. This significantly enhances tracking success. To handle target occlusion, the system relies on appearance features extracted by a target detection network and a feature memory bank for enhanced sensitivity. Servo control technology ensures robust target tracking by fully utilising appearance information and motion characteristics, even in occluded scenarios. Comprehensive testing on the OTB100 dataset validates the system's effectiveness in addressing target tracking challenges in diverse crowded environments, affirming algorithm robustness.
How COVID-19 changed the dynamics of a fishery
Authors: Evans Derek W. , Aprahamian Miran W.
Published: July 2024

Northern Ireland went into COVID-19 enforced lockdown with the rest of the UK in March 2020. A stay-at-home order banned “non-essential” travel and contact with others, and closing schools and businesses. Such closures also impacted commercial fishing activities, including the Lough Neagh eel fishery. The eel fishery in Lough Neagh, Northern Ireland is the largest in Europe with an annual mean catch of around 330 t, valued at ∼£3 M. The effect of the Northern Ireland lockdown was the reduction of the Neagh fleet by 60% and delay to the start of the yellow eel fishing season by 2 months. The pandemic reduced the market demand for Lough Neagh yellow eel from ∼280,00 kg yr−1 to 100,000 kg yr−1. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of the regulations on silver eel output and the socio-economic effects on fishers and the fishery. The main impact of the market disruption was for an increase in silver eel escapement of about 15% and for those fishers who remained in the fishery, at least in the short term, a continuing livelihood. In contrast, there were direct socio-economic consequences; the fishery had to reduce in size with associated cultural and heritage loss. Upon the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions the former fleet size did not and has not returned highlighting the wide ranging socio-economic impacts from the pandemic. As of November 2023, the market demand for eel across Europe remains deflated.
Dossier : « La recherche au défi de la crise des temporalités » : Éleveurs et vaches dans l’épaisseur et l’accélération du temps. Quand le progrès génétique n’attend pas
Authors: Gaillard Claire , Petit Sandrine , Mougenot Catherine
Published: July 2024

La longue histoire de la sélection des animaux domestiques est marquée par l’association toujours plus étroite entre les technologies et le développement économique. Aujourd’hui, la connaissance récente de l’ADN devient une référence incontournable pour la sélection des troupeaux, en particulier des vaches laitières. À partir d’une large enquête qualitative menée sur la race Montbéliarde dans l’arc jurassien, nous interrogeons cette innovation ainsi que le concept de temps qui sans statut ontologique, nous permet de dilater la complexité de l’élevage aujourd’hui. D’un côté, ces changements illustrent fidèlement les nombreux travaux qui démontent les ressorts modernes de l’accélération, mais de l’autre, les pratiques et les mots qui les accompagnent pointent aussi le fait que la durée peut rester à la base des compétences des éleveurs et du sens qu’ils accordent à leur métier.
The effect of self-esteem on depressive symptoms among adolescents: the mediating roles of hope and anxiety
Authors: Gu Huang , Zhang Panpan , Li Jingyi
Published: July 2024

Previous studies have reported low self-esteem contributes to depressive symptoms among adolescents, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to examine the mediating roles of hope and anxiety in the relationship between self-esteem and depressive symptoms. 431 adolescents between 13 and 18 years volunteered to complete a battery of questionnaires that included measures on the variables mentioned above. Results found that hope or anxiety mediated the association between self-esteem and female adolescents’ depression, while only anxiety mediated the association between self-esteem and male adolescents’ depression. Our findings highlight different underlying mechanisms between female and male adolescents. In the prevention and intervention of depressive symptoms, sound programs should be selected according to the gender characteristics of adolescents.
Climate knowledge or climate debate?
Authors: Bureau Pauline
Published: July 2024

While media coverage of climate change has been shown to imply selective knowledge transformation (Carvalho 2007; Brand & Brunnengräber 2012;
Kunelius & Roosvall 2021), studies assessing the potential for climate experts’
terminology to acquire ideological undertones as it enters mediatic discourses are still scarce. Through this article, we aim to
compare the meaning climate experts and the media give to terms pertaining to climate change in English discourses and to
determine whether potential cotextual variation in the discourses produced by these two communities have ideological implications.
To this aim, we use the deep learning algorithm Word2vec (Mikolov et al. 2013; González
Granado 2021) to identify terms whose cotext of occurrence is prone to high variability depending on whether it is included
in a newspaper corpus on climate change or one composed of reports from intergovernmental organizations. We then rely on
statistical tools from corpus linguistics to compare the main co-occurrences of two of the terms identified –
adaptation and energy security –, which we combine with Critical Discourse Analysis (Baker
et al. 2008) to interpret the variation in terms of meaning and ideological significance. Results suggest that the appropriation
of expert terminology by the media does entail a certain degree of conceptual variation, which notably seems to allow for bringing
issues of social justice, financing and energy transition into focus and assessing expert knowledge along those lines.
Disability in EU’s institutional discourse
Authors: Nisco Maria Cristina
Published: July 2024

During the last decades, disability policy has undergone considerable changes at European level, evolving from a
disregarded branch of social policy to an essential area centered on equal rights and non-discrimination. In this context,
terminology and definitions have proved to be of pivotal importance since they can bear and impose more or less appropriate
theoretical perspectives, depending on the prevailing ideologies within society in different historical periods (Priestley 2007). Drawing on the assumption that the way disability is linguistically and
discursively construed at institutional level has a crucial effect on how it is experienced, the activities of supra-national
institutions appear all the more central to how disability is structured in relation to social policy, change, and politics.
Within the context of the EU, the European Commission seems particularly relevant since it plays a major role in policy
development. In fact, although the Parliament can amend or veto legislative acts, only the Commission can propose new
legislation.

This study concentrates on disability-related legislation and strategies – which increasingly shape the lives of
about 87 million disabled people estimated to live in Europe – by investigating how disability is framed in the EU’s institutional
discourse. Linguistic (qualitative and quantitative) analysis of two of the most recent documents issued by the European
Commission (namely the European Disability Strategy 2010–2020 and the European Disability Strategy 2021–2030) is meant to explore
the main principles through which disability is theorised and construed in relation to the dominant ideological system of beliefs
and values (Drake 1999; Grue 2020). Against
the backdrop of previous research (Waldschmidt 2009) which took into account EU
disability-related documents over a time-span ranging from 1958 to 2005, this paper seeks to shed light on the way discourses
about disability are created and perpetuated, to be then translated into policy outcomes in the last decades and the years to
come.
Dynamical stability and phase space analysis of an emergent Universe with non-interacting and interacting fluids
Authors: Roy Bikash Chandra , Chanda Anirban , Paul Bikash Chandra
Published: July 2024

We investigate the evolution of a flat Emergent Universe obtained with a non-linear equation of state (nEoS) in Einstein’s general theory of Relativity. The nEoS is equivalent to three different types of barotropic cosmic fluids, which are found from the nEoS parameter. The EU began expanding initially with no interactions among the cosmic fluids. However, one can assume an interaction that sets in at a time

t
⩾

t
i

in the cosmic fluids, we study the evolution of the EU that accommodates the present observed Universe. We adopt dynamical system analysis to study the critical points of the autonomous system and the evolutionary behavior of an EU with or without interaction among the cosmic fluid components. We also study the stability of critical points and plot the phase portraits. The density parameters and the corresponding cosmological parameters are determined for both the non-interacting and interacting phases of the evolutionary dynamics of the Universe.
HighTEA: high energy theory event analyser
Authors: Czakon Michał , Kassabov Zahari , Mitov Alexander , Poncelet Rene , Popescu Andrei
Published: July 2024

We introduce HighTEA, a new paradigm for deploying fully-differential next-to-next-to leading order (NNLO) calculations for collider observables. In principle, any infrared safe observable can be computed and, with very few restrictions, the user has complete freedom in defining their calculation’s setup. For example, one can compute generic n-dimensional distributions, can define kinematic variables and factorization/renormalization scales, and can modify the strong coupling and parton distributions. HighTEA operates on the principle of analyzing precomputed events. It has all the required hardware and software infrastructure such that users only need to request their calculation via the internet before receiving the results, typically within minutes, in the form of a histogram. No specialized knowledge or computing infrastructure is required to fully utilize HighTEA, which could be used by both experts in particle physics and the general public. The current focus is on all classes of Large Hadron Collider (LHC) processes. Extensions beyond NNLO, or to e
+
e
− colliders, are natural next steps.