bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Os desafios à educação cooperativista: análise de uma experiência em uma cooperativa de crédito na Bahia
Authors: Almeida Neta Anerita Oliveira de , Anjos Eliene Gomes dos
Published: May 2021

O presente trabalho analisa a experiência da educação cooperativista em uma Cooperativa de Crédito. Buscou-se compreender a concepção sobre a educação cooperativista que norteia a cooperativa para analisar o processo de formação dos dirigentes, colaboradores e associados. Ademais, avaliamos se os sócios que tiveram acesso às atividades de formação participam mais efetivamente do cotidiano e dos processos decisórios. Para tanto, optou-se pelo estudo de caso em uma cooperativa de crédito situada no município de Governador Mangabeira, no Território do Recôncavo, na Bahia. Foram 17 entrevistas mais o diário de campo elaborado com as observações realizadas durante os períodos de estágios da pesquisadora. As análises revelaram que a cooperativa terá inúmeros desafios para desenvolver um programa de educação cooperativista que seja permanente e contínuo para seus sócios, colaboradores e dirigentes, pois somente assim poderá assegurar a participação democrática nos processos decisórios.
Dos princípios à responsabilidade social: um estudo sobre a percepção acerca da RES em uma cooperativa de crédito
Authors: Silva Krisna Mello da , Mariano Thiago Heleno , Albino Pablo Murta Baião
Published: May 2021

A busca por ferramentas gerenciais que auxiliem no desenvolvimento do negócio tem se tornado essencial para a perenidade das organizações. Ética e sustentabilidade são valores em evidência diante de um cenário que exige das organizações respostas pelos desdobramentos de suas atividades econômicas. A Responsabilidade Social (RES) surge como uma resposta das organizações perante seus stakeholders, propondo a adoção de ações que alinhem resultado econômico, emancipação social e sustentabilidade ambiental. O presente artigo, de natureza descritiva e abordagem quanti-qualitativa, tem como objetivo analisar a percepção do quadro colaborativo de uma cooperativa de crédito com relação a RES e sua importância para a organização. O estudo apontou a existência do reconhecimento da RES como instrumento estratégico tanto na agregação de valor à cooperativa quanto para consolidação do papel social das organizações cooperativas, todavia, percebe-se a necessidade de amadurecimento desta concepção e alinhamento entre os níveis organizacionais e as diretrizes estratégicas da cooperativa com o tema.
A construção de referentes teórico-metodológicos de ATER para gestão de cooperativas de agricultores familiares: luxo ou necessidade?
Authors: Gregolin Marcos Roberto , Souza Renato Santos
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo tem como plano de fundo a temática da Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural – ATER direcionada para organizações cooperativas. Se constitui como um estudo bibliográfico e documental que aborda os processos de ATER tendo por foco as ferramentas participativas e lança questões para posteriores estudos que tenham por objetivo aprofundar as questões inerentes a esta modalidade de serviço, considerada como inovadora no âmbito da agricultura familiar. Conclui-se que dentre os pontos que carecem maiores discussões tem-se a convivência de orientações metodológicas antagônicas nas orientações normativas do projeto “Mais Gestão”, caso empírico dessa análise.
Inovação e sustentabilidade: a postura inovadora das cooperativas agropecuárias atuantes na Região Sul do Brasil
Authors: Rocha Adilson Carlos , Steiner Neto Pedro Jose
Published: May 2021

Ao conceber a sustentabilidade dos negócios como uma contribuição efetiva para o desenvolvimento sustentável, as inovações passam a ter outros critérios de avaliação além daqueles convencionais, onde as inovações devem gerar resultados econômicos, sociais e ambientais positivos, de forma simultânea atendendo a todas as partes interessadas. A partir destas concepções, este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar as cooperativas agropecuárias atuantes na região sul do Brasil em função de sua postura inovadora tanto em produtos quanto em processos, considerando as dimensões da sustentabilidade. Como procedimentos metodológicos, fez-se uso da abordagem quantitativa de pesquisa, com o desenvolvimento de um survey cross-sectional com uma amostra de 93 cooperativas agropecuárias. A partir do levantamento junto a 38,7% do universo de cooperativas agropecuárias atuantes na Região Sul do Brasil, definiu-se uma taxonomia composta por quatro clusters, inferindo que há uma diferença no foco para a inovação em produtos e processos. Os resultados demonstraram também que há diferença entre os clusters quando consideradas as dimensões econômica, ambiental e social.
A prática da governança em cooperativas: é possível fortalecer?
Authors: Oliveira Bruna de , Guimarães Lucas José
Published: May 2021

Diferente das organizações que visam a maximização dos retornos econômicos, as cooperativas, por meio da propriedade coletiva e gestão democrática, buscam a valorização do ser humano. Apesar dessas diferenças, como qualquer outra instituição, as cooperativas precisam ser geridas. Para que os gestores eleitos pela Assembleia de cooperados conduzam o empreendimento para o sucesso, faz-se necessária a adoção de ferramentas de gestão, como a implantação de boas práticas de governança. Tais práticas se baseiam na transparência, prestação de contas, equidade e responsabilidade corporativa. Diante do exposto, esta investigação buscou identificar as dificuldades vivenciadas por esses estabelecimentos que impedem a adoção da governança e propor contribuições gerais que orientem novas práticas. Para tanto, utilizou-se da pesquisa exploratória, a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa. Quanto aos procedimentos, realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a temática com o propósito de aprofundar a compreensão. Os resultados revelam que os membros das cooperativas brasileiras desconhecem os princípios que norteiam o funcionamento de seus empreendimentos e pouco se interessam pela tomada de decisões. Desse modo, sugere-se que o primeiro desafio a ser superado pelas cooperativas para trilharem o caminho da manutenção e sustentabilidade está na superação dessas fragilidades.
Estratégias e práticas de gestão, orientadas à sustentabilidade organizacional: um estudo em uma cooperativa de crédito no estado do Paraná
Authors: Penteado Tatiane Aparecida , Stefano Silvio Roberto , COSTA ZORAIDE DA FONSECA
Published: May 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as relações entre as ações estratégicas de uma cooperativa de crédito rural e as práticas de gestão nas dimensões econômicas, sociais e ambientais da sustentabilidade, por meio do uso dos critérios do Triple Bottom Line (TBL) e de conceitos e práticas relacionados ao cooperativismo de crédito. Quanto à metodologia, esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como estudo de caso único, com natureza aplicada com abordagem qualitativa com técnicas de análise quantitativa. Os resultados evidenciam que a cooperativa analisada do interior do estado do Paraná, não possui equilíbrio nos pilares econômico, social e ambiental para que se tenha vantagem competitiva para com a sustentabilidade organizacional.
Diversidade racial e de gênero: análise da comunicação do cooperativismo de crédito
Authors: Magalhães Cardoso Jéssica Suzana , Da Silva Lopes Ivonete
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho analisa sob a perspectiva racial e a de gênero a comunicação feita pelo Sistema de Cooperativas de Crédito do Brasil (Sicoob) e pelo Sistema das Cooperativas de Crédito Rural com Interação Solidária (Cresol). Os vídeos disponibilizados pelos dois sistemas de crédito no YouTube, entre abril e outubro de 2017, serviram de base para o estudo das representações de negros e mulheres. A pesquisa revelou que a representatividade racial na comunicação é praticamente inexistente; no tocante às mulheres (sejam elas brancas ou não brancas), quando aparecem, são figurativas e reproduzem padrões tradicionais de gênero. Aponta ainda que a comunicação deste setor está permeada por estigmas e contribui para a validação de padrões conservadores tanto racial quanto de gênero.
Fatores que impactam o processo de sucessão da alta gestão em cooperativas de crédito no Brasil
Authors: Chantal Joselita Silva , D'Angelo Marcia Juliana
Published: May 2021

Este estudo qualitativo interpretativo exploratório identifica 16 fatores facilitadores e oito fatores restritivos da política de sucessão da alta gestão nas cooperativas de crédito. Trata-se de um segmento que apresentou um rápido crescimento no sistema financeiro nacional entre 2002 e 2015. Há poucas pesquisas que discutem os impactos da fase de pré-sucessão do presidente em organizações sem fins lucrativos. As evidências indicam que a sucessão de administradores em cooperativas de crédito é um evento central e complexo, mas não crítico. Mostram também que cooperativas de crédito têm as suas idiossincrasias no tocante ao processo sucessório da alta gestão. Ou seja, embora os fatores contributivos sejam similares ao contexto das organizações com fins lucrativos, a maioria dos fatores restritivos é característica própria do cooperativismo.
The abuse of diplomatic immunity and privileges as a modern security-diplomatic challenge
Authors: Nikolova-Marković Aleksandra , Baltezarević Vesna
Published: May 2021

In this scientific paper is made an analysis of the abuse of diplomatic immunities and privileges as a modern security-diplomatic challenge that needs to be overcome. The method of analysis, the historical method and the inductive-deductive method are used. It was concluded that the abuse of diplomatic immunities and privileges is a problem that dates back a long time and since the distant 1980s, there have been initiatives to change the Vienna Conventions related with the abuse of diplomatic immunities and privileges. Unfortunately, such serious changes have not taken place and therefore this security risk is still present in the practice of countries around the world and there are more and more examples of the practice where diplomats serve individual interests driven by socio-destructive or political intentions instead of institutional and state goals. Thereby, there is a violation of the principles of diplomatic work and the spread of the danger regarding the secure future of the citizens and institutions in the recipient countries.
The impact of communication in the virtual environment on legal informatics
Authors: Baltezarević Ivana , Baltezarević Radoslav
Published: May 2021

Legal informatics is created in the context of the application of computers in law. The study of legal communication has become increasingly interdisciplinary in recent years, and in addition to fields traditionally interested in legal language (such as philosophy and linguistics), this area encompasses other disciplines, such as economics, sociology, anthropology, and psychology. Communication in a virtual environment within legal informatics and the administration of justice faces the challenges posed by globalization, migration and the growing multilingualism in the legal domain, and includes key issues of equality in access to justice in more complex, multicultural societies. Social networks influence different aspects of modern life and have a profound impact on interpersonal communication. They will continue to integrate more and more into the normal human experience and increase the scope of the human communication process. Every traditional communication channel has its obvious advantages and organizations should continue to use it, but the Internet is a channel in continuous development that enjoys great attention and is used by more than one-third of the global population. The emergence and development of techniques provided by the viral marketing strategy, strongly supported and empowered by the development of digital technologies, have given the opportunity to lesser known brands to position themselves in the mind of a large number of consumers. This can be done by creating content that will "reach" to the public and in that way to motivate further transmit of the message, through social networks, about their impressions of the product or service to other family members, friends or colleagues. Social networks, but also the Internet in general, with their rapid development become an inevitable marketing medium that will become an important factor in the business of the companies in the near future. Marketing communication is changing more and more every day in the way it communicates with consumers. By monitoring trends and developing innovative marketing communication techniques on social networks, it is possible to respond to market demands more precisely and better understand and respond to the hidden needs and wishes of consumers. Legal informatics, which is considered to be the process of managing information about data related to the legal aspects of business, is increasingly dealing with communication and content of social network users. This topic, therefore, has led to the development of mobile application and other mobile device development services advancing to step into the realm of law. Also, legal informatics, but also law in general, play a major role in identifying and sanctioning unethical and illegal activities in a virtual environment, such as hate speech and cybercrime, which can have unforeseeable consequences for information technology users and organizations and their business.
The influence of the exchange rate policy on the trade of the Republic of Serbia in the conditions of the crisis: Trade legal and economic aspect
Authors: Pavlović Radica , Bukvić Rajko
Published: May 2021

Exchange of goods and services between the economic entities is determined by the instrument "Contract of Sale", which is one of the most common, most frequent and most numerous contracts in the economy. In the modern business conditions, and due to the process of globalization, deregulation and market liberalization, international trade has many significant aspects, first of all, having in mind the turbulence, complexity and uncertainty of business as well as the application of regulations that are subject to change. In addition, it can be significantly influenced by all kinds of the economic policy of the domicile country, but also indirectly by the dominant impact of international institutions. One of the elements of economic policy is the exchange rate, which, through the price and the exchange rate policy, has significant implications for trade agreements in legal transactions through positioning, competitiveness, growth and development of the Republic of Serbia in both the domestic and international markets. Therefore, when conducting trade relations, especially at the international level, it is necessary to have top experts in the field of law and economics in order to avoid the so-called principle of "victory of the stronger" in knowledge in this area, because in that case they would certainly make a much higher profit than usual. The aim of this paper is to link knowledge in the legal and economic domain, to focus on the effect of exchange rate policy and its impact on trade law and trade, bearing in mind all the implications listed and crucial in a crisis circumstances.
Legal sector of the company as a factor of implementation of internal audit in the system of internal control functioning
Authors: Vitomir Jelena , Arnautović Ivan , Jokić Miloš
Published: May 2021

There is a general expectation that all those in charge of carrying out internal control functions in companies are fully responsible for conducting these operations in accordance with the law and relevant standards. This study emphasizes the importance of practical implementation of internal audit in companies with respect to the legal sector, which will contribute to the attitudes, interpretations of the law, to use the total funds available to companies in an economical, efficient and effective manner. In addition, one of the goals of top management in any case is that the system they lead provides better services that are integrated, customer-oriented and result-oriented, which requires that the entire system be focused on measuring performance. The authors point out that such an integrated system will result in a more efficient and effective implementation of the basic guidelines set by top management, as well as more efficient management of the total available funds of the system.
Frequency of different indications for endodontic treatment among patients from Pancevo, Serbia
Authors: Tomić Marija , Kolak Veljko
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Different types of irreversible pulp diseases are the most commonly stated reasons for conducting root canal treatment. Data obtained from epidemiological studies are of great importance for a better understanding of endodontic pathology and for evaluating the need for this kind of treatment. Aim: The aim of this epidemiological study was to evaluate the structure of endodontic pathology among selected adult population of municipality of Pancevo, Serbia, indicated for endodontic treatment. Material and methods: Investigations were conducted on a sample of patients who referred for dental examination and treatment, at the Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry in Pancevo, during 2018. The study included 229 male and female subjects, aged over 18, who had at least one tooth indicated for endodontic treatment. Subjects were clinically examined by a standardized procedure, using visual and tactile inspection, percussion and palpation tests, periodontal evaluation and pulp vitality tests. Panoramic and retroalveolar radiographs were also analyzed. Data were statistically analyzed using Chi-Square test. Results: Endodontic treatment was indicated on 322 teeth from total number of 4911 (6.6%). Largest frequency of teeth indicated for treatment was recorded among subjects aged over 60 years (7.5%) and on frontal teeth (36.6%). The most commonly registered indications were asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis (32.3%) and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (19.9%). Irreversible pulpitis was the most common indication for endodontic treatment between all age groups of subjects, between both genders and between all three teeth functional groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Percentage of teeth indicated for endodontic treatment was higher than presented in other studies. Irreversible pulpitis was the most common indication for endodontic treatment. After conducting the study, it is clear that dental care and caries preventive programs should be strengthened and expanded, especially among people with less education and awareness regarding dental health.
Autoimmune inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (silicone breast implants and lip fillers)
Authors: Pocevski Božidar , Pavlov-Dolijanović Slavica
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Silicone breast implants (SBI) have been used since 1962 in the reconstruction of post-mastectomy cases, in augmentation of the breast, or for cosmetic purposes, while fillers with biopolymer (FB) have been used since the 1990s. Today, they are considered adjuvants of the immune system. Most complications of SBI and FB are local in nature, but some patients experience systemic symptoms, which are defined as adjuvant-induced autoimmune inflammatory syndrome (ASIA). Aim: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the possible association of silicone breast implants and FB with the development of immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IMIRD). Material and methods: The research represents retrospective study which involved 15 female patients with immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases, 6 of whom were patients with implanted silicone breast implants for cosmetic reasons, and 9 patients with placement of fillers with biopolymer on the lips. Results: The average time from silicone implantation to the onset of the first symptoms was 6.10 ± 5.3 (range 6 months to 24 years). The following immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases were recorded: 3 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), 3 patients with undifferentiated arthritis, 3 patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, 1 patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, 2 patients with undifferentiated SCTD, 2 patients with mixed connective tissue disease, and one patient with unexplained systemic disease. Seven patients had the Raynaud phenomenon. Spontaneous abortions were reported in 2 patients. Conclusion: Earlier reports that silicone breast implants and biopolymer fillers are safe, today are changing with the description of ASIA syndrome.
Patients characteristics and prognostic implications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in heart failure with preserved, mid-rang reduced and reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Mrvošević Marija , Polovina Marija
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is frequent in patients with heart failure (HF) and correlated with an increased morbidity and mortality. The features and outcomes of patients with and without T2DM, depending on the HF type (HF with preserved: HFpEF, mid-range: HFmrEF; and reduced ejection fraction: HFrEF), are inefficiently explored. Aim: To explore the impact of T2DM on clinical features and one-year overall mortality in patients with HFrEF, HFmrEF and HFpEF. Material and methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted, including patients with HF at the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade. The enrolment occurred between November 2018 and January 2019. The study outcome was one-year all-cause mortality. Results: Study included 242 patients (mean-age, 71 ± 13 years, men 57%). T2DM was present in 31% of patients. The proportion of T2DM was similar amid patients with HFrEF, HFmrEF, and HFpEF. Regardless of the HF type, patients with T2DM were probably older and had a higher prevalence of myocardial infarction, other types of coronary disorder or peripheral arterial disorder (all p < 0.001). Also, chronic kidney disease was more prevalent in T2DM (p < 0.001). In HFpEF, T2DM patients were commonly female, and usually had hypertension and atrial fibrillation (all p < 0.001). Estimated one-year total mortality rates were significantly higher in T2DM patients. It also emerged as a unique predictor of higher mortality in HFrEF (HR; 1.33; 95% CI; 1.34 - 2.00), HFmrEF (HR; 1.13; 95% CI; 1.0 - 1.24) and HFpEF (HR; 1.21; 95% CI; 1.09 - 1.56), all p < 0.05. Conclusion: Compared with non-diabetics, patients with HF and T2DM are older, with higher prevalence of comorbidities and greater one-year mortality, regardless of HF type. Heart failure is a unique predictor of mortality in all HF types in multivariate analysis. Considering the increased risk, T2DM requires meticulous screening/diagnosis and contemporary treatment to improve outcomes.
Laparoscopic management of a giant simple hepatic cyst
Authors: Aleksić Vuk , Špica Vladimir , Bokun-Vukašinović Zorana , Ćulafić Radmila , Mijatović Svetlana , Mitrović Nebojša
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Congenital simple hepatic cysts are extremely rare and are usually asymptomatic. The best therapeutic approach to treating simple liver cysts remains the subject of scientific debate. Case report: We present the case of a giant liver cyst removed with a minimally invasive, laparoscopic approach in a 68-year-old woman, who presented with rapid weight loss. Conclusion: Due to the lack of randomized clinical trials comparing minimally invasive (laparoscopic) and open surgery approaches in liver cyst treatment, we recommend a personalized medical approach, applied after analyzing the characteristics of both the cyst and the patient.
Laparoscopic approach to the treatment of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the spleen, case report and literature review
Authors: Grubor Nikola , Erić Dragan , Pavlović Ivana , Tasić Goran , Matić Slavko
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Benign tumors of the spleen are a rare condition. Their pathogenesis and clinical presentation represent a diagnostic and surgical challenge in the sense of establishing the correct diagnosis and selecting the appropriate surgical approach. Case report: In our paper, we are presenting a 45-year-old female patient who was initially tested and examined because of nonspecific complaints manifesting as occasional pain in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. The values of the laboratory findings were within the reference range and preoperative radiological diagnostics indicated the existence of a mass in the spleen which had the features of a tumor. Based on the preoperative diagnostic finding we decided to perform laparoscopic splenectomy. Postoperative recovery was without adverse events, and the patient has prescribed the necessary vaccination and antibiotic prophylaxis. Conclusion: Myofibroblastic tumor of the spleen represents, as far as its origin is concerned, a mystery, with its very limited and nonspecific presentation of symptoms, which is why each individual case must be approached seriously. Laparoscopy has a very important role in the treatment of this disease, bearing in mind all the advantages of a minimally invasive approach over open surgery.
The affect and its image in Gilles Deleuze's philosophy
Authors: Dinić-Miljković Vesna
Published: May 2021

There is no perception without affection. This necessity comes from the very fact that perception measures our possible action upon things, and thereby, the possible action of things upon us. For the French philosopher Gilles Deleuze, affection occupies exactly this gap between the potentiality of action of the perceived objects and our virtual action upon them. This encounter between the affected body and the affecting body presumes the in-betweenness, an interval between a perception which is troubling in certain respects and a hesitant action. As opposed to emotion, which is directed toward a certain goal and demands actualization, affect precedes will, as a pre-personal intensity referring to the passage from one experiential state of the body to another. Influenced by Baruch Spinoza's concept of affect and Henri Bergson's thesis on movement that he considers the essence of cinema's movement-image, Deleuze creates his own theory of affect that finds its most obvious manifestation in the works of art. The artist creates affects, gives them to us, draws us into the compound, and makes us become with them. Deleuze's aesthetics produces the spectator's movement in-place through sensation. Through shapes and colours, the canvas vibrates, clenches or cracks open because it is the bearer of glimpsed forces. Like with Edward Munch's The Scream or Francis Bacon's Portrait of Pope Innocent X, the invisible forces become visible in themselves and thus the sensation becomes materialized right there on the canvas surface. In cinema, this materialization of sensation Deleuze recognized in the affection-image, abstracted from the causal and spatio-temporal relations to the images that surround it, and therefore open to a spiritual dimension. As power-quality, the affect gains its independence from the thing that expresses it and becomes an entity, a potentiality considered to itself.
Language learning strategies and extraversion/introversion in the EFL context
Authors: Radić-Bojanić Biljana
Published: May 2021

Due to the fact that extraverted and introverted personalities behave and react rather differently, especially in the context of foreign language learning, teachers and learners often believe that these two personality types have different learning habits and require different learning environments. This is often reflected in different choices of language learning strategies that these two personality types make, which has already been proven in several research studies. However, these studies did not investigate the selection of language learning strategies in connection to extraversion/introversion among high school students, so this paper aims to determine any possible links for this age group. In order to do that the research relies on the EPQR-S to determine the students' personality type and Strategy Inventory for Language Learning to determine the participants' strategy preference. The participants who took part in this research were sixty first- and second-grade students aged 15 to 17 from a medical high school in Novi Sad. The results from this research were analyzed quantitatively and, based on the results, it can be concluded that there are differences in strategy selection. Extraverts use compensation strategies most frequently, while affective strategies are reported to be the least frequently used. Introverts, on the other hand, report the highest use for metacognitive strategies and the lowest for affective strategies, similar to extraverts.
Likovi suvišnih ljudi u istoriji ruske književnosti - u svjetlu socijalno-istorijskih okolnosti u Rusiji od XVIII do XXI vijeka
Authors: Koprivica Marina
Published: May 2021

U svjetlu spoljašnjeg pristupa proučavanja književnosti, odnos društvenih zbivanja prema nastajanju književnih djela i književnih junaka posebno je prisutan u istoriji ruske književnosti, koja predstavlja i snažan odraz društvenih okolnosti i promjena od osamnaestog do dvadeset prvog vijeka. Na taj način književni pravci su predstavljali i direktan refleks, odgovor na društvena kretanja, a na isti način i likovi suvišnog čovjeka, malog čovjeka, plemića pokajnika i novog čovjeka, preko kojih su ruski pisci dominantno obilježili svoja nastojanja da prepoznaju poruke i tendencije određenog istorijskog trenutka. U istoriji ruske književnosti likovi suvišnih ljudi prisutni su u dijahronijskoj ravni još od pojave Karamzinovog Erasta, preko likova Žukovskog, Gribojedova, Puškina, Ljermontova, Hercena, Njekrasova, Gončarova, Turgenjeva, do Prohanova… Istovremeno, suvišni ljudi u ruskoj literaturi imaju u svojim književnim profilima zajedničke, ali i nove crte ličnosti, preko kojih obilježavaju svoju epohu i traganja za smislom života.
Models of lexical semantics in the algorithms for natural language processing
Authors: Dilparić Branislava , Perović Nina
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to determine whether some of the approaches of lexical semantics for studying word meaning could be identified in word2vec and recurrent neural networks (RNN), the algorithms for natural language processing (NLP). Linguistic concepts from the field of lexical semantics were decompositional, holistic, and relational. Although it is assumed that algorithms for natural language processing cannot be written only on the basis of mathematical knowledge, but also linguistic, this analysis was carried out so as to determine the exact models used in the above-mentioned algorithms. First, the aforementioned linguistic models were concisely explained through descriptive research. In describing those, the authors of the paper referred to the studies of the most prominent linguists within the field of lexical semantics such as Fillmore, Firth and Lyons. Then, in a similar fashion, the architecture of NLP algorithms was introduced and described. For this intent, the authors of the paper relied mostly on the studies of Mikolov et al., who designed word2vec. Next, a comparative analysis was conducted between approaches of lexical semantics on one hand and the algorithms in question on the other. This analysis confirmed the underlying assumption of the paper that the characteristics of decompositional and relational approach to studying word meaning could be recognized in word2vec and that the properties of the holistic model could be observed in RNN algorithms. More than that, the analysis showed a considerable overlap in processing natural language, as if the models of lexical semantics were taken and mathematically implemented in the algorithms examined. It should be emphasized that for the purposes of this paper only the basic principles of lexical semantics and NLP algorithms were taken into account. The aim of the paper was not to describe edge cases or to talk in detail about the mechanisms of these structures and their advantages and disadvantages. Essentially, this study sought to examine whether the basic ideas and characteristics of lexical semantics could be found in the architecture of the above-noted algorithms.
Experimental Determination of Sail Performance and Blockage Corrections
Authors: Ranzenbach Robert , Mairs Chris
Published: May 2021

The United States Sailing Association (US SAILING), under the direction of Karl Kirkman, has undertaken a program of experimental determination of sail force coefficients for representative rigs which are intended to serve as the beginning of a multi-stage effort to better understand, and eventually predict, sail forces. US SAILING is the governing body of yacht racing in the United States and is interested in understanding and improving sail performance in support of its efforts to handicap racing yachts and to improve U.S. Olympic Sailing Team competitiveness.

The Glenn L. Martin Wind Tunnel (GLMWT), located at the University of Maryland College Park, is participating in this sail force prediction project as part of the US SAILING University Research Program. The GLMWT effort is primarily in three areas which will be described in detail:

1.Development and evaluation of advanced wind tunnel boundary corrections schemes;

2. Model Test Rig design and construction, and GLMWT Main Tunnel Balance interface;

3.Plans for the determination of sail force coeffi­cients for a series of sail models provided by US SAILING and analysis of results. This initial entry will repeat tests performed by US SAILING at the University of Southampton.
Postoperative care after lymphaticovenous anastomosis
Authors: Chan Jeffrey C.Y. , Taranto Giuseppe Di , Elia Rossella , Amorosi Vittoria , Sitpahul Ngamcherd , Chen Hung-Chi
Published: May 2021

In this report, we discuss the postoperative protocol for patients undergoing lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) in our unit. Immediately after LVA, the incision site is closed over a small Penrose drain and a simple gauze dressing is applied without compression. In the first 5 days, ambulation is allowed, but limb elevation is actively encouraged to promote lymphatic flow across the newly formed anastomosis. Prophylactic antibiotics are routinely given to prevent infection because this patient group is susceptible to infections, which could trigger thrombosis in the anastomosis.
Surgical prevention of terminal neuroma and phantom limb pain: a literature review
Authors: Bogdasarian Ronald N. , Cai Steven B. , Tran Bao Ngoc N. , Ignatiuk Ashley , Lee Edward S.
Published: May 2021

The incidence of extremity amputation is estimated at about 200,000 cases annually. Over 25% of patients suffer from terminal neuroma or phantom limb pain (TNPLP), resulting in pain, inability to wear a prosthetic device, and lost work. Once TNPLP develops, there is no definitive cure. Therefore, there has been an emerging focus on TNPLP prevention. We examined the current literature on TNPLP prevention in patients undergoing extremity amputation. A literature review was performed using Ovid Medline, Cochrane Collaboration Library, and Google Scholar to identify all original studies that addressed surgical prophylaxis against TNPLP. The search was conducted using both Medical Subject Headings and free-text using the terms “phantom limb pain,” “amputation neuroma,” and “surgical prevention of amputation neuroma.” Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria, including six prospective trials, two comprehensive literature reviews, four retrospective chart reviews, and three case series/technique reviews. Five techniques were identified, and each was incorporated into a target-based classification system. A small but growing body of literature exists regarding the surgical prevention of TNPLP. Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR), a form of physiologic target reassignment, has the greatest momentum in the academic surgical community, with multiple recent prospective studies demonstrating superior prevention of TNPLP. Neurorrhaphy and transposition with implantation are supported by less robust evidence, but merit future study as alternatives to TMR.
Patient-specific surgical options for breast cancer-related lymphedema: technical tips
Authors: Kwon Jin Geun , Hong Dae Won , Suh Hyunsuk Peter , Pak Changsik John , Hong Joon Pio
Published: May 2021

In order to provide a physiological solution for patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL), the surgeon must understand where and how the pathology of lymphedema occurred. Based on each patient’s pathology, the treatment plan should be carefully decided and individualized. At the authors’ institution, the treatment plan is made individually based on each patient’s symptoms and relative factors. Most early-stage patients first undergo decongestive therapy and then, depending on the efficacy of the treatment, a surgical approach is suggested. If the patient is indicated for surgery, all the points of lymphatic flow obstruction are carefully examined. Thus a BCRL patient can be considered for lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA), a lymph node flap, scar resection, or a combination thereof. LVA targets ectatic superficial collecting lymphatics, which are located within the deep fat layer, and preoperative mapping using ultrasonography is critical. If there is contracture on the axilla, axillary scar removal is indicated to relieve the vein pressure and allow better drainage. Furthermore, removing the scars and reconstructing the fat layer will allow a better chance for the lymphatics to regenerate. After complete removal of scar tissue, a regional fat flap or a superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap with lymph node transfer is performed. By deciding the surgical planning for BCRL based on each patient’s pathophysiology, optimal outcomes can be achieved. Depending on each patient’s pathophysiology, LVA, scar removal, vascularized lymph node transfer with a sufficient adipocutaneous flap, and simultaneous breast reconstruction should be planned.
Safe clinical photography: best practice guidelines for risk management and mitigation
Authors: Chandawarkar Rajiv , Nadkarni Prakash
Published: May 2021

Clinical photography is an essential component of patient care in plastic surgery. The use of unsecured smartphone cameras, digital cameras, social media, instant messaging, and commercially available cloud-based storage devices threatens patients’ data safety. This paper Identifies potential risks of clinical photography and heightens awareness of safe clinical photography. Specifically, we evaluated existing risk-mitigation strategies globally, comparing them to industry standards in similar settings, and formulated a framework for developing a risk-mitigation plan for avoiding data breaches by identifying the safest methods of picture taking, transfer to storage, retrieval, and use, both within and outside the organization. Since threats evolve constantly, the framework must evolve too. Based on a literature search of both PubMed and the web (via Google) with key phrases and child terms (for PubMed), the risks and consequences of data breaches in individual processes in clinical photography are identified. Current clinical-photography practices are described. Lastly, we evaluate current risk mitigation strategies for clinical photography by examining guidelines from professional organizations, governmental agencies, and non-healthcare industries. Combining lessons learned from the steps above into a comprehensive framework that could contribute to national/international guidelines on safe clinical photography, we provide recommendations for best practice guidelines. It is imperative that best practice guidelines for the simple, safe, and secure capture, transfer, storage, and retrieval of clinical photographs be co-developed through cooperative efforts between providers, hospital administrators, clinical informaticians, IT governance structures, and national professional organizations. This would significantly safeguard patient data security and provide the privacy that patients deserve and expect.
Indicators of judicial statistics as criteria for assessing judicial activity
Authors: Vasilev Dmitrii
Published: May 2021

The implementation of the constitutional principle of judicial independence directly correlates with the criteria by which their activity is being assessed. Russian courts use judicial statistics for assessing the performance of judges. This article analyzes the applicability of statistical indicators as direct indicators of the performance of judges. The hypothesis advanced that with sufficient pressure and absence of artificial manipulations, the statistical probability of maximum indicators of “quality” and “terms” tends to zero. Statistical values are determined by a range of factors, including those that do not depend on the judges. Their objective and direct imputation to judges misinforms and distorts the reality. The assessment of mental work of the judges in exact figures is pointless. The conclusion is made that the achievement of the maximum statistical indicators cannot be a value orientation of the judicial system. The simplicity of their use is deceptive. In reality, the assessment of judges by “quality”, “quantity” and “terms” is imbalanced, inconsistent, and non-functional. Statistical indicators can be used for assessing the performance of judges only as indirect indicators. In this case, it is feasible to use the “red flags” method, which means that only significant departure from the norm should be taken in account in assessing judicial activity.
Family videography is a highly demanded genre of modern popular culture
Authors: Kuznetsova Tatyana Viktorovna , Welch Luiza Vladimirovna
Published: May 2021

The subject of this research is a new form of creativity emerging in the social environment – family videography. This is one of the first articles dedicating to this developing genre of popular culture. The author touches upon the general changes that take place in modern creative environment, the role and relevance of the new forms of culture. The modern period is characterized by transition of many exclusive creative knowledge into popular culture. The knowledge in the field of cinematography is of particular demand. Youth is fascinated with the art of cinematography, audio engineering, and film directing. There are new technologies that allow learning and working from any corner of the planet. What used to be just a dream becomes the reality of a new world. The article outlines the current trends in youth culture – seeking new forms and personal fulfillment in a new sphere. The new forms of culture emerge from the depths of professional creativity and affect the formation of moral, aesthetic, and social values of people. The question is raised whether these forms of culture can be considered art. The authors reflect on the topic art through the prism of new direction – family videography. The aesthetics of family cinematography has not become the subject of systemic research. The authors provide a scientific definition to family videography. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the modern period is characterized by the transition of many professional creative knowledge into the sphere of popular culture; 2) multiple training events and schools of art are created on the online platforms; 3) new genres, among which is family videography, are created by amateurs in art environment. The scientific novelty lies in analysis of establishment of this new genre, and reflection on whether it can be attributed as art.
Americanism for the Global Church
Authors: Hart D. G.
Published: May 2021

This chapter begins with Pope Paul VI's statement about John F. Kennedy's assassination, stating that the incident was a dastardly crime. It describes the synergy between the papacy and the White House during Kennedy's tenure that was evident well before the president's tragic death. It also recounts how John XXIII prevailed on Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev to accept a compromise that involved the United States lifting its blockade and the Soviets promising to send no more warships to Cuba during the Cuban missile crisis of October 1962. The chapter looks at Kennedy's commencement speech at American University, which is considered as a kind of eulogy for Pope John as the president announced the suspension of nuclear weapons tests and the resumption of negotiations with the Soviets. It explores the convergence of papal pronouncements about international relations that blended church teaching and American ideals.
Livable Cities and Public Gardens
Authors: Rakow Donald A. , Gough Meghan Z. , Lee Sharon A.
Published: May 2021

This chapter discusses how cities can be made more livable through public gardens. It differentiates livability from sustainability in that sustainability adopts a long view of actions and policies and the ways in which development, according to a report by the World Commission on Environment and Development, “meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs,” while livability focuses on current conditions and interventions, incorporating the environmental, economic, and equity priorities on a narrower spatial scale relevant to individual people, neighborhoods, and communities in geographically smaller areas. Efforts to enhance livability are primarily community based and driven by issues of local concern that reflect changing conditions. The chapter discusses the public garden movement in the United States and how it began with the early recognition of botanical gardens as keys to economic development. The involvement of botanical gardens in the livability of cities came largely in response to the challenges associated with nineteenth-century urbanization. Our concept of livability has now expanded to include concerns for sustainable development, smart growth and urban design, and community-identified priorities such as access to fresh and affordable food and urban green space as part of the public realm. Finally, the chapter also discusses cross-sector partnerships with public gardens and how this leads to collective action and collective impact.
Strategies for the Development of Successful Partnerships
Authors: Rakow Donald A. , Gough Meghan Z. , Lee Sharon A.
Published: May 2021

This chapter distills the principal strategies that public gardens and their partner organizations can use to effectively leverage their collective power to create positive community change through the sharing of knowledge and resources. In particular, the chapter focuses on strategies that help public gardens, nonprofits, municipalities, and community organizations identify, select, and cultivate partnerships to create more sustainable, livable, and equitable communities. The strategies outlined in the chapter can be used by public gardens to assess their readiness for partnerships, to lay the groundwork for partnerships, or to further enhance an existing partnership. The strategies are likewise valuable for residents, community organizations, local governments, or other institutions that might benefit from partnering with a public garden. The recommendations and strategies outlined in this chapter draw on the information and experiences gleaned during the course of researching this book. The recommendations are not intended to be exhaustive, but rather to serve as models that public gardens and their partners can adapt based on their specific goals, community context, and assets. While the strategies appear to be sequential, the reader should recognize that building organizational relationships involves missteps, reiterations, and responses to changing circumstances.