bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Cu(II) Metal Complex Template with 4–tert–Butyl-Pyridinium Organic Cation: Synthesis, Structure, Hirshfeld Surface, Characterizations and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Althobaiti M. , Hermi Sabrine , Alotaibi Abdullah , Alotaibi Khalid , Hassan Hamdy , Mi Jin-Xiao , Nasr Cherif , Mrad Mohamed
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we report on the chemical preparation, crystal details, vibrational, optical, and thermal behavior, and antibacterial activity of a new non-centrosymmetric compound: 4-tert-butyl-pyridinium tetrachloridocuprate. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the structure has a 3D network made up of C–H…Cl and N–H…Cl H-bonds, and [CuCl4]2− anions have a shape halfway between a tetrahedron and a square planar structure in this compound’s monoclinic system. Hirshfeld surface analysis was used to explain the nature and extent of intermolecular interactions, highlighting the importance of the H-bonds and the C–H⋯π interactions in the structure’s stabilization. Additionally, SEM/EDX experiments were conducted. The powder X-ray diffraction investigation at room temperature validated the material purity. Moreover, the different functional groups were identified using FT-IR spectroscopy. In addition, the optical properties were investigated using UV-Vis absorption. The thermal stability of (C9H14N)2[CuCl4] was performed by TGA-DTA. The bactericidal potency of the title compound was surveyed.
Patterns of Pretreatment Diagnostic Assessment in Patients Treated with Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Special Characteristics in the COVID Pandemic and Influence on Outcomes
Authors: Habermann Felix-Nikolai Oschinka Jegor , Schmitt Daniela , Failing Thomas , Fischer Jann , Ziegler David Alexander , Fischer Laura Anna , Alt Niklas Josua , Muster Julian , Donath Sandra , Hille Andrea , Schirmer Markus Anton , Guhlich Manuel , El Shafie Rami A. , Rieken Stefan , Leu Martin , Dröge Leif Hendrik
Published: February 2022

The pandemic raised a discussion about the postponement of medical interventions for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We analyzed the characteristics of pretreatment diagnostic assessment in the pandemic and the influence of diagnostic assessment on outcomes. A total of 96 patients with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for NSCLC were included. The number of patients increased from mean 0.9 (2012–2019) to 1.45 per month in the COVID era (p < 0.05). Pandemic-related factors (contact reduction, limited intensive care unit resources) might have influenced clinical decision making towards SBRT. The time from pretreatment assessment (multidisciplinary tumor board decision, bronchoscopy, planning CT) to SBRT was longer during the COVID period (p < 0.05). Reduced services, staff shortage, or appointment management to mitigate infection risks might explain this finding. Overall survival, progression-free survival, locoregional progression-free survival, and distant progression-free survival were superior in patients who received a PET/CT scan prior to SBRT (p < 0.05). This supports that SBRT guidelines advocate the acquisition of a PET/CT scan. A longer time from PET/CT scan/conventional staging to SBRT (<10 vs. ≥10 weeks) was associated with worse locoregional control (p < 0.05). The postponement of diagnostic or therapeutic measures in the pandemic should be discussed cautiously. Patient- and tumor-related features should be evaluated in detail.
The Value of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A) in Neurological Diseases
Authors: Augustin Albert J. , Atorf Jenny
Published: February 2022

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) was commercially introduced in 2014. OCT-A allows a fast, non-invasive, three-dimensional analysis of the retinal vasculature from the vitreoretinal interface to the choriocapillaris. The results can be evaluated separately in automated or custom-defined retinal layers. Since its introduction, OCT-A has also been used in patients with neurological diseases in order to find and characterize retinal biomarkers. Many neurological diseases have retinal manifestations, often preceding the key symptoms of the neurological disease. Anatomically and developmentally, the retina is a part of the brain. In contrast to the brain, the retina is easily accessible for imaging methods; moreover, retinal imaging is more cost-effective than brain imaging. In this review, the current knowledge about OCT-A findings and possible OCT-A biomarkers in neurological diseases is summarized and discussed regarding the value of OCT-A as a diagnostic tool in neurological diseases.
Estimating Risk of Introduction of Ebola Virus Disease from the Democratic Republic of Congo to Tanzania: A Qualitative Assessment
Authors: Rugarabamu Sima , George Janeth , Mbanzulu Kennedy M. , Mwanyika Gaspary O. , Misinzo Gerald , Mboera Leonard E. G.
Published: February 2022

Between April 2018 and November 2020, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) experienced its 11th Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak. Tanzania’s cross-border interactions with DRC through regular visitors, traders, and refugees are of concern, given the potential for further spread to neighboring countries. This study aimed to estimate the risk of introducing EVD to Tanzania from DRC. National data for flights, boats, and car transport schedules from DRC to Tanzania covering the period of May 2018 to June 2019 were analyzed to describe population movement via land, port, and air travel and coupled with available surveillance data to model the risk of EVD entry. The land border crossing was considered the most frequently used means of travel and the most likely pathway of introducing EVD from DRC to Tanzania. High probabilities of introducing EVD from DRC to Tanzania through the assessed pathways were associated with the viability of the pathogen and low detection capacity at the ports of entry. This study provides important information regarding the elements contributing to the risk associated with the introduction of EBV in Tanzania. It also indicates that infected humans arriving via land are the most likely pathway of EBV entry, and therefore, mitigation strategies including land border surveillance should be strengthened.
The Functional Structure of Tropical Plant Communities and Soil Properties Enhance Ecosystem Functioning and Multifunctionality in Different Ecosystems in Ghana
Authors: Damptey Frederick Gyasi , Birkhofer Klaus , Oliveras Menor Imma , de la Riva Enrique G.
Published: February 2022

Plant functional traits are useful in tracking changes in the environment, and play an important role in determining ecosystem functioning. The relationship between plant functional traits and ecosystem functioning remains unclear, although there is growing evidence on this relationship. In this study, we tested whether the functional structure of vegetation has significant effects on the provision of ecosystem services. We analysed plant trait composition (specific leaf area, leaf carbon and nitrogen ratio, isotopic carbon fraction, stem dry matter content, seed mass and plant height), soil parameters (nutrients, pH, bulk density) and proxies of ecosystem services (carbon stock, decomposition rate, invertebrate activity) in twenty-four plots in three tropical ecosystems (active restored and natural forests and an agroforestry system) in Ghana. For each plot, we measured above-ground biomass, decomposition rates of leaves and invertebrate activity as proxies for the provision of ecosystem services to evaluate (i) whether there were differences in functional composition and soil properties and their magnitude between ecosystem types. We further aimed to (ii) determine whether the functional structure and/or soil parameters drove ecosystem functions and multifunctionality in the three ecosystem types. For functional composition, both the leaf economic spectrum and seed mass dimension clearly separated the ecosystem types. The natural forest was more dominated by acquisitive plants than the other two ecosystem types, while the non-natural forests (agroforest and restored forest) showed higher variation in the functional space. The natural forest had higher values of soil properties than the restored forest and the agroforestry system, with the differences between the restored and agroforestry systems driven by bulk density. Levels of ecosystem service proxies and multifunctionality were positively related to the functional richness of forest plots and were mainly explained by the differences in site conditions. Our study demonstrated the effects of functional forest structure on ecosystem services in different forest ecosystems located in the semi-deciduous forest zone of Ghana.
Impact of Volcanic Sulfur Emissions on the Pine Forest of La Palma, Spain
Authors: Weiser Frank , Baumann Esther , Jentsch Anke , Medina Félix Manuel , Lu Meng , Nogales Manuel , Beierkuhnlein Carl
Published: February 2022

In autumn 2021, the largest volcanic eruption on the island of La Palma in historic records took place. The Canary Islands are of volcanic origin and eruptions have always constituted part of their natural disturbance regime. Until recently, their impacts could not be directly observed and studied. Influence of the emission of phytotoxic gases on biodiversity and ecosystem dynamics was hitherto unknown. The recent eruption is still being intensely monitored. We used Sentinel-2 remote sensing data to analyze the spatial extent and intensity of the impact related to sulfuric emissions, aiming to understand the damage patterns in Canary pine forest. The emissions damaged 10% of that forest and affected 5.3% of the Natura 2000 protected areas. We concluded that this is largely due to the toxic effects of the enormous emissions of SO2. We found a clear correlation between the change in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and distance from the eruption. This pattern was weakly anisotropic, with stronger damage in southern directions. Counteracting effects, such as ash deposition, were largely excluded by combining NDVI change detection with tree cover density. We expect that vegetation damage will be transient. P. canariensis can resprout after forest fires, where most leaves are lost. Consequently, our assessment can serve as a reference for future ecosystem regeneration.
Evaluating the Effects of Roof Greening on the Indoor Thermal Environment throughout the Year in a Chinese City (Chenzhou)
Authors: Zheng Bohong , Li Jiayu , Chen Xiao , Luo Xi
Published: February 2022

Indoor cooling is preferred during hot summers but unappreciated in cold winters. With this research, we aimed to clarify the cooling performances of roof greening throughout the year and identify the optimum roof greening coverage for the indoor thermal environment in Chenzhou, a city in China with hot summers and cold winters. The layout of buildings, building materials, and local climate data of Chenzhou were collected. The ENVI-met model was applied as the analytical tool after its accuracy was confirmed by a field experiment. The Kriging model was employed to interpret the annual effects of roof greening. The analytical results revealed that in Chenzhou, roof greening reduced indoor temperatures throughout the year, and the higher the coverage of roof greening, the greater the performance of indoor cooling. Moreover, hot climates enhanced the indoor cooling performances of roof greening. From the view of annual thermal perception, the increase in roof greening coverage reduced the duration of warm perceptions throughout the year and extended the perceptions of slightly warm, slightly cool, and cool. Generally, increased roof greening coverage improved the indoor thermal perception in Chenzhou throughout the year. The ENVI-met + Kriging model, an evaluation method of annual cycles, can be used to evaluate the annual performance of roof greening in terms of indoor thermal environment in other climate zones.
Klippel–Feil Syndrome: The Curious Case of the Skeleton of a Young Slavic Soldier Who Died in 1946
Authors: Leggio Alessia , Gallieni Massimo , Puzo Pasquale , Introna Francesco , Sablone Sara
Published: February 2022

This paper describes the curious case history of the famous and rare Klippel Feil syndrome type II, identified in the skeleton of a young Slavic soldier who died in 1946. It is a very interesting case given the fusion of the C1 and C2 cervical vertebrae, which prevented the young soldier from rotating his skull while alive. Klippel–Feil syndrome is a rare osteopathology and involves fusion of the vertebrae of the spine and is linked to other pathologies that indicate the presence of this pathological condition. In the present study, several basic investigations were carried out: a macroscopic observation to document the abnormalities throughout the rest of the skeleton, a morphological one to determine the identifying anthropological analysis, a pathological one to determine the pathologies present and a radiographic one to diagnose and confirm the pathology. Studying the pathologies of the past is fundamental in order to know the evolution and behaviour of the disease today, and the investigations carried out in this case study determined what the limitations of the young soldier were, how this disease may have influenced his activities as a soldier during World War II and through which therapies the syndrome may have been treated in such an important historical period.
Mobility Trends in Transport Sector Modeling
Authors: Kraus Stefan , Grube Thomas , Stolten Detlef
Published: February 2022

Transport sector models help provide strategic information for the future development of the transportation sector. Such long-term scenarios are typically challenged by uncertainties. Moreover, certain trends, such as the transition to zero-emission transportation systems and modal shifts, as well as connected, shared and autonomous vehicles, are already apparent today. Therefore, this paper investigates the impact of these trends on greenhouse gas emissions, as well as their implementation in transport sector modeling thus far. The investigations are structured into the four main parts of transport sector greenhouse gas emission calculation: activity, modal share, energy intensity and fuel carbon intensity. Our analysis of the related effects reveals their importance to the transportation sector of the future. Current models and scenarios widely consider trends such as the modal shift and electrification. However, other trends such as the sharing economy and automated driving are not commonly regarded in the context of transport sector modeling. The coupling of the different types of models and collaboration among researchers from the different fields is recommended for filling this gap.
Genomic Analyses of the Fungus Paraconiothyrium sp. Isolated from the Chinese White Wax Scale Insect Reveals Its Symbiotic Character
Authors: Fu Zuo-Yi , An Jia-Qi , Liu Wei , Zhang Hong-Ping , Yang Pu
Published: February 2022

The Chinese white wax scale, Ericerus pela, is an insect native to China. It harbors a variety of microbes. The Paraconiothyrium fungus was isolated from E. pela and genome sequenced in this study. A fungal cytotoxicity assay was performed on the Aedes albopictus cell line C6/36. The assembled Paraconiothyrium sp. genome was 39.55 Mb and consisted of 14,174 genes. The coding sequences accounted for 50.75% of the entire genome. Functional pathway analyses showed that Paraconiothyrium sp. possesses complete pathways for the biosynthesis of 20 amino acids, 10 of which E. pela lacks. It also had complementary genes in the vitamin B groups synthesis pathways. Secondary metabolism prediction showed many gene clusters that produce polyketide. Additionally, a large number of genes associated with ‘reduced virulence’ in the genome were annotated with the Pathogen–Host Interaction database. A total of 651 genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes were predicted to be mostly involved in plant polysaccharide degradation. Pan-specific genomic analyses showed that genes unique to Paraconiothyrium sp. were enriched in the pathways related to amino acid metabolism and secondary metabolism. GO annotation analysis yielded similar results. The top COG categories were ‘carbohydrate transport and metabolism’, ‘lipid transport and metabolism’, and ‘secondary metabolite biosynthesis, transport and catabolism’. Phylogenetic analyses based on gene family and pan genes showed that Paraconiothyrium sp is clustered together with species from the Didymosphaeriaceae family. A multi-locus sequence analysis showed that it converged with the same branch as P. brasiliense and they formed one group with fungi from the Paraconiothyrium genus. To validate the in vitro toxicity of Paraconiothyrium sp., a cytotoxicity assay was performed. The results showed that medium-cultured Paraconiothyrium sp. had no harmful effect on cell viability. No toxins were secreted by the fungus during growth. Our results imply that Paraconiothyrium sp. may establish a symbiotic relationship with the host to supply complementary nutrition to E. pela.
FDDM1 and FDDM2, Two SGS3-like Proteins, Function as a Complex to Affect DNA Methylation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Shengjun , Yang Weilong , Liu Yunfeng , Li Guangyong , Liu Xiang , Liu Yaling , Alfano James , Zhang Chi , Yu Bin
Published: February 2022

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification required for the specific regulation of gene expression and the maintenance of genome stability in plants and animals. However, the mechanism of DNA demethylation remains largely unknown. Here, we show that two SGS3-like proteins, FACTOR OF DNA DEMETHYLATION 1 (FDDM1) and FDDM2, negatively affect the DNA methylation levels at ROS1-dependend DNA loci in Arabidopsis. FDDM1 binds dsRNAs with 5′ overhangs through its XS (rice gene X and SGS3) domain and forms a heterodimer with FDDM2 through its XH (rice gene X Homology) domain. A lack of FDDM1 or FDDM2 increased DNA methylation levels at several ROS1-dependent DNA loci. However, FDDM1 and FDDM2 may not have an additive effect on DNA methylation levels. Moreover, the XS and XH domains are required for the function of FDDM1. Taken together, these results suggest that FDDM1 and FDDM2 act as a heterodimer to positively modulate DNA demethylation. Our finding extends the function of plant-specific SGS3-like proteins.
Driving Chromatin Organisation through N6-methyladenosine Modification of RNA: What Do We Know and What Lies Ahead?
Authors: Selmi Tommaso , Lanzuolo Chiara
Published: February 2022

In recent years, there has been an increase in research efforts surrounding RNA modification thanks to key breakthroughs in NGS-based whole transcriptome mapping methods. More than 100 modifications have been reported in RNAs, and some have been mapped at single-nucleotide resolution in the mammalian transcriptome. This has opened new research avenues in fields such as neurobiology, developmental biology, and oncology, among others. To date, we know that the RNA modification machinery finely tunes many diverse mechanisms involved in RNA processing and translation to regulate gene expression. However, it appears obvious to the research community that we have only just begun the process of understanding the several functions of the dynamic web of RNA modification, or the “epitranscriptome”. To expand the data generated so far, recently published studies revealed a dual role for N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant mRNA modification, in driving both chromatin dynamics and transcriptional output. These studies showed that the m6A-modified, chromatin-associated RNAs could act as molecular docks, recruiting histone modification proteins and thus contributing to the regulation of local chromatin structure. Here, we review these latest exciting findings and outline outstanding research questions whose answers will help to elucidate the biological relevance of the m6A modification of chromatin-associated RNAs in mammalian cells.
Triggers of Agitation in Psychiatric Hospitalization Ward According to Professional Experience Questionnaire
Authors: Ortiz-Sandoval Irene , Martínez-Quiles María Dolores , López-Pérez Jesús , Simonelli-Muñoz Agustín Javier
Published: February 2022

Aim: To create and analyze an instrument to assess the possible agitation triggers of hospitalized psychiatric patients. Background: No tools exist for identifying according to a professional’s experience. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study. The questionnaire of possible triggers of agitation behaviors of patients hospitalized in psychiatric wards according to professional experience (TAPE) was designed and analyzed. Results: The questionnaire was provided to 156 mental health workers (76.9% women, average work experience: 10.15 ± 8 years, 46.8% were nurses specialized in mental health, and 21.2% psychiatrists). A good internal consistency was obtained, with a Cronbach α value of 0.791 in the initial test, and 0.892 in the retest. The factorial analysis found four factors: factor 1 “personnel”, factor 2 “routines”, factor 3 “norms–infrastructure”, and factor 4 “clinic”. Factor 1 obtained the highest value, with a mean of 4.16 ± 0.63, highlighting the item “lack of specialized personnel” (mean 4.38 ± 0.81). The specialized professionals provided higher scores to the items from the factors associated with the training of the personnel and routines (p = 0.017; p = 0.042). Conclusions: The TAPE questionnaire is useful for identifying the possible triggers that could lead to situations of agitation of hospitalized patients.
Knowledge of COVID-19 Infection Guidelines among the Dental Health Care Professionals of Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Basheer Syed Nahid , Vinothkumar Thilla Sekar , Albar Nassreen Hassan Mohammad , Karobari Mohmed Isaqali , Renugalakshmi Apathsakayan , Bokhari Ahmed , Peeran Syed Wali , Peeran Syed Ali , Alhadri Loai Mohammed , Tadakamadla Santosh Kumar
Published: February 2022

Background: This study aimed to assess the knowledge about guidelines related to COVID-19 infection control procedures among dental health care professionals (DHCPs) in the Jazan region. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving DHCPs (dental students, interns, and dentists) of the Jazan region between January and March 2021. A questionnaire with 35 items was developed and circulated online among the DHCPs. The dimensionality of the questionnaire was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The level of awareness (LOA) was compared across the genders, level of professional experience, and exposure to guidelines. Participants were considered to have high LOA when they responded to 26 or more items correctly. Results: A total of 363 DHCPs participated in the survey. The questionnaire was found to be valid and reliable. EFA revealed a distinct three-factor structure. Moreover, 61.2% of the respondents had high LOA related to COVID-19 infection prevention. Among those who had high LOA, dentists (65.5%) were relatively more than the students (62.5%) and interns (46.2%). Among the six guideline statements related explicitly to operative dentistry, more than 50% of the respondents were aware of 3 guideline statements, while less than 50% of the respondents were aware of the remaining statements. Conclusions: Most DHCP had a high LOA for general COVID-19 infection prevention and control guidelines. Dentists, males, and those who read the guidelines had higher LOA than their counterparts.
A Simple Method to Establish Sufficiency and Stability in Meta-Analyses: With Application to Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Preterm Birth
Authors: Pereira Gavin
Published: February 2022

Fine particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5) is a potential cause of preterm birth. Inconsistent findings from observational studies have motivated researchers to conduct more studies, but some degree of study heterogeneity is inevitable. The consequence of this feedback is a burgeoning research effort that results in marginal gains. The aim of this study was to develop and apply a method to establish the sufficiency and stability of estimates of associations as they have been published over time. Cohort studies identified in a recent systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between preterm birth and whole-pregnancy exposure to PM2.5 were selected. The estimates of the cohort studies were pooled with cumulative meta-analysis, whereby a new meta-analysis was run for each new study published over time. The relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) limits needed for a new study to move the cumulative RR to 1.00 were calculated. Findings indicate that the cumulative relative risks (cRR) for PM2.5 (cRR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03, 1.12) converged in 2015 (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01, 1.14). To change conclusions to a null association, a new study would need to observe a protective RR of 0.93 (95% CI limit 1.02) with precision equivalent to that achieved by all past 24 cohort studies combined. Preterm birth is associated with elevated PM2.5, and it is highly unlikely that any new observational study will alter this conclusion. Consequently, establishing whether an observational association exists is now less relevant an objective for future studies than characterising risk (magnitude, impact, pathways, populations and potential bias) and interventions. Sufficiency and stability can be effectively applied in meta-analyses and have the potential to reduce research waste.
Applying the FAIR4Health Solution to Identify Multimorbidity Patterns and Their Association with Mortality through a Frequent Pattern Growth Association Algorithm
Authors: Carmona-Pírez Jonás , Poblador-Plou Beatriz , Poncel-Falcó Antonio , Rochat Jessica , Alvarez-Romero Celia , Martínez-García Alicia , Angioletti Carmen , Almada Marta , Gencturk Mert , Sinaci A. Anil , Ternero-Vega Jara Eloisa , Gaudet-Blavignac Christophe , Lovis Christian , Liperoti Rosa , Costa Elisio , Parra-Calderón Carlos Luis , Moreno-Juste Aida , Gimeno-Miguel Antonio , Prados-Torres Alexandra
Published: February 2022

The current availability of electronic health records represents an excellent research opportunity on multimorbidity, one of the most relevant public health problems nowadays. However, it also poses a methodological challenge due to the current lack of tools to access, harmonize and reuse research datasets. In FAIR4Health, a European Horizon 2020 project, a workflow to implement the FAIR (findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability) principles on health datasets was developed, as well as two tools aimed at facilitating the transformation of raw datasets into FAIR ones and the preservation of data privacy. As part of this project, we conducted a multicentric retrospective observational study to apply the aforementioned FAIR implementation workflow and tools to five European health datasets for research on multimorbidity. We applied a federated frequent pattern growth association algorithm to identify the most frequent combinations of chronic diseases and their association with mortality risk. We identified several multimorbidity patterns clinically plausible and consistent with the bibliography, some of which were strongly associated with mortality. Our results show the usefulness of the solution developed in FAIR4Health to overcome the difficulties in data management and highlight the importance of implementing a FAIR data policy to accelerate responsible health research.
Sensory Processing, Perceived Stress and Burnout Symptoms in a Working Population during the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: van den Boogert Frank , Spaan Pascalle , Sizoo Bram , Bouman Yvonne H. A. , Hoogendijk Witte J. G. , Roza Sabine J.
Published: February 2022

Although previous research suggests an association between sensory processing and perceived stress in a broad spectrum of mental health conditions, it remains unclear whether this phenomenon occurs independently from psychopathology. The present study investigated the association between sensory processing patterns, perceived stress and occupational burnout as a stress-related condition in a working population. We focused on different aspects of sensory processing and used the momentum of a particularly stressful period: during the first months of the global COVID-19 crisis. A total of 116 workers at a mental healthcare institution in The Netherlands completed the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT). Our results demonstrated that higher scores on sensory sensitivity and low registration were associated with higher scores on perceived stress and core burnout symptoms. Sensory hypersensitivity was also associated with more secondary burnout symptoms. Associations were not driven by underlying sensory-related disorders (e.g., ASD or ADHD). In conclusion, sensory processing difficulties are relevant predictors of stress and occupational burnout, also in healthy employees. This phenomenon warrants further attention, as relatively simple adjustments in working environment may possess important preventive effects.
The Correlates of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Ambulance Personnel and Barriers Faced in Accessing Care for Work-Related Stress
Authors: Ntatamala Itumeleng , Adams Shahieda
Published: February 2022

We investigated factors associated with increased risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in ambulance personnel and the barriers faced in accessing support for work-related stress (WRS). A cross-sectional study of 388 ambulance personnel used self-administered questionnaires to assess for PTSD and level of occupational stressors: Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Critical Incident Inventory, EMS Chronic Stress Questionnaire, SF-36 Quality of Life and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale. The prevalence of PTSD in the study population was 30%. The participants were predominantly female (55%), with a median age of 38 (IQR; 31–44) years. PTSD was associated with smoking (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.05–2.95), illicit drug use (OR = 16.4, 95% CI: 1.87–143.86) and problem drinking (OR = 3.86, 95% CI: 1.80–8.23). A self-reported mental health condition (OR = 3.76, 95% CI: 1.96–7.21), being treated for a medical condition (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.22–3.11), exposure to critical incident stress (OR = 4.27, 95% CI: 2.24–8.15) and chronic WRS (OR = 4.46, 95% CI: 1.93–10.31) were associated with PTSD risk. Barriers to seeking help included concerns that services were not confidential and the negative impact on the participant’s career. The increased levels of WRS, strong associations with substance use and barriers to accessing care offer starting points for workplace interventions to reduce the impact of PTSD in ambulance personnel.
Is Injury an Occupational Hazard for Horseracing Staff?
Authors: Davies Emma , McConn-Palfreyman Will , Parker John K. , Cameron Lorna J. , Williams Jane M.
Published: February 2022

Occupational health is a key priority for the horseracing industry, yet little research on occupational injuries exists. This study investigated the prevalence and the effect of injury in British horseracing staff during a 12-month period. An online retrospective survey was answered by 352 participants, identifying self-reported injury prevalence, injury management practices and attitudes towards workplace injury reporting. Chi Squared tests for independence were undertaken. A total of 310 (88.1%) staff reported injuries; risk factors for injury type included self-perceived job security, working hours, and perceived job control. Physical limitations, loss of confidence, workplace changes, and lifestyle implications were reported as consequences of injury. A total of 75.3% (n = 134) of staff were likely to seek time-off following fractures, but only 48.6% (n = 86) would take time-off for concussion. Attitudes towards injury management were influenced by financial circumstances, perceived staff shortages, previous injury experiences, and perceived employer expectations. The high self-reported injury prevalence could result in decreased workforce efficiency, poor physical health, and negative implications on retention and career longevity. The perception of invisible injuries, i.e., concussion, and subsequent management, should be of immediate concern to racing organizations. This paper identifies recommendations to enhance the safety and wellbeing of horseracing staff.
Do COVID-19 and Food Insecurity Influence Existing Inequalities between Women and Men in Africa?
Authors: VanVolkenburg Heather , Vandeplas Isabelle , Touré Katim , Sanfo Safiétou , Baldé Fatoumata Lamarana , Vasseur Liette
Published: February 2022

This review sought to understand what is currently known about how the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and restrictive measures are affecting food security and equality between women and men in all of Africa. A review of both the academic and grey literature was performed by following PRISMA guidelines. Results showed that a general disparity exists in gender-inclusive/-sensitive research. Most reported increases in inequalities between women and men were predictive only. Evidence-based articles found were mainly conducted online and target tertiary educated populations, among which neutral effects were found. A general lack of disaggregated data (e.g., women vs. men) was found to be a barrier in gaining a complete understanding of the situation on-the-ground. Furthermore, documents reporting on food security seldom included all four pillars (i.e., availability, access, utility, stability) in their analysis despite the reciprocal connection between them all. Within household disparities and the impacts on power relationships within households were also overlooked. Future studies must focus on rural settings and gender disaggregated interview processes as well as consider all pillars of food security. Doing so will help to better inform governments and humanitarian groups leading to better designed policies and social supports that target where they are most needed.
Interaction Effect between Physical Activity and the BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism on Depression in Women from the PISMA-ep Study
Authors: Zarza-Rebollo Juan Antonio , Molina Esther , López-Isac Elena , Pérez-Gutiérrez Ana M. , Gutiérrez Blanca , Cervilla Jorge A. , Rivera Margarita
Published: February 2022

The relationship between depression and the Val66Met polymorphism at the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF), has been largely studied. It has also been related to physical activity, although the results remain inconclusive. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between this polymorphism, depression and physical activity in a thoroughly characterised sample of community-based individuals from the PISMA-ep study. A total of 3123 participants from the PISMA-ep study were genotyped for the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, of which 209 had depression. Our results are in line with previous studies reporting a protective effect of physical activity on depression, specifically in light intensity. Interestingly, we report a gene-environment interaction effect in which Met allele carriers of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism who reported more hours of physical activity showed a decreased prevalence of depression. This effect was observed in the total sample (OR = 0.95, 95%CI = 0.90–0.99, p = 0.027) and was strengthened in women (OR = 0.93, 95%CI = 0.87–0.98, p = 0.019). These results highlight the potential role of physical activity as a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing and adjuvant treatment of depression and suggest molecular and genetic particularities of depression between sexes.
The Post-Activation Potentiation Effects on Sprinting Abilities in Junior Tennis Players
Authors: Fernández-Galván Luis Miguel , Prieto-González Pablo , Sánchez-Infante Jorge , Jiménez-Reyes Pedro , Casado Arturo
Published: February 2022

Objective: This study aimed to compare the acute effects of a full squat (SQ) or hip thrust (HT) with two different loading intensities (60% and 85% 1 RM) on sprint ability in junior male tennis players. Methods: Nineteen tennis players were included in this research. They underwent four different experimental conditions: HT at 60% 1 RM, HT at 85% 1 RM, SQ at 60% 1 RM, or SQ at 85%. The force–velocity (F–V) profile was used to assess tennis players’ sprint acceleration ability before and after applying the conditioning stimulus. The variables registered were as follows: 5 m test (5 m), 10 m test (10 m), maximum theoretical force (F0), maximum power (Pmax), and the maximal ratio of horizontal-to-resultant force (RFpeak). Results: Significant improvements in 5 m, Pmax, and RFpeak were observed when the conditioning stimulus was performing one set of seven reps of HT at 60% 1 RM. When the activation protocol was one set of seven reps of SQ at 60% 1 RM, significant improvements in 5 m, 10 m, F0, Pmax (N), and RFpeak were detected. Additionally, performing one set of three reps of SQ at 85% 1 RM as an activation protocol provided significant improvements in F0. Conclusion: The use of HT and SQ with a load of 60% 1 RM improved the sprint F–V profile components related to the acceleration phase of the sprint in junior tennis players. Using intensity loads of 85% 1 RM is not adequate to increase acute sprint performance in this population. HT presents a higher transferability to sprinting in the first 5 m of sprinting, whereas SQ provides acute improvements in different sprinting phases.
Process Design for Optimized Respiration Identification Based on Heart Rate Variability for Efficient Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Biofeedback
Authors: Lee Jung-Nyun , Whang Min-Cheol , Kang Bong-Gu
Published: February 2022

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a phenomenon in which the heart rate (HR) changes with respiration, increasing during inspiration and decreasing during expiration. RSA biofeedback training has an effect in relieving negative mental conditions, such as anxiety and stress. Respiration is an important indicator affecting the parasympathetic activation within the body during RSA biofeedback training. Although there are existing studies that consider individual differences when selecting optimized respiration using heart rate variability, the studies that use the high frequency components of HRV, which is an indicator of parasympathetic activation, are insufficient. For this reason, this paper proposes a process to identify optimized respiration for efficient RSA feedback, consisting of three steps: (1) application, (2) optimization, and (3) validation. In the application phase, we measured PPG data against various respiratory cycles based on the HF components of HRV and calculated the proposed heart stabilization indicator (HSI) from the data. Then, we determined the optimized respiration cycle based on the HSI in the optimization step. Finally, we analyzed seven stress-related indices against the optimized respiration cycle. The experimental results show that HSI is associated with the parasympathetic nervous system activation, and the proposed method could help to determine the optimal respiratory cycle for each individual. Lastly, we expect that the proposed design could be used as an alternative to improving the efficiency of RSA biofeedback training.
It’s a Man’s World: A Qualitative Study of Gender and Sexuality amongst Australian Gay Men
Authors: Thepsourinthone Jack , Dune Tinashe , Liamputtong Pranee , Arora Amit
Published: February 2022

Currently, research explicitly examining masculinity and internalized homonegativity is sparse, and even sparser studies are those using qualitative methods. To address this, this study aims to explore: how gender norms are constructed and experienced amongst gay men; and how gender and sexual identity are experienced in relation to masculine norms amongst gay men. A sample of 32 self-identified gay men aged 22–72 years (M = 34.34, SD = 12.94) participated in an online semi-structured interview on masculinity and homosexuality. The study used Zoom to facilitate the online interviews as it offered privacy, accessibility, ease of use, and voice recording, among other benefits. Thematic analyses revealed gay men’s understandings of masculinity, femininity, and sources of pressure to conform. Furthermore, gay men emphasize the conflict experienced between heteronormative gender and sexuality norms, which highlights the term homosexual male as an oxymoron.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease among 73,566 Individuals in Beijing, China
Authors: Yuan Qianli , Wang Huai , Gao Pei , Chen Weixin , Lv Min , Bai Shuang , Wu Jiang
Published: February 2022

The prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is rarely reported in Beijing. The goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of MAFLD among Beijing adults aged ≥25 years old. A cross-sectional, community-based survey with multistage stratified cluster sampling was used. Demographic, transient elastography (TE), biochemical and blood examination information was collected in all the subjects in this study. The prevalence of MAFLD was 32.40% (23,832/73,566). Risk factors independently associated with MAFLD included male gender (OR = 1.47, 95%CI, 1.43–1.52), urban residence (OR = 1.06, 95% CI, 1.02–1.10), older age (30–39 years: OR = 1.29; 40–49 years: OR = 1.43; 50–59 years: OR = 1.09; ≥60 years: OR = 1.52) and lower education (middle school: OR = 2.03; high school: OR = 1.89; undergraduate: OR = 1.69). MAFLD was more common in females than in males after 50 years of age. Lean/normal weight MAFLD patients account for approximately 3.04% (724/23,832) of MAFLD. Compared to non-MAFLD subjects, the lean/normal MAFLD patients had a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, and had a higher degree of hepatic steatosis and liver function enzymology parameters (all p < 0.001). MAFLD was highly prevalent among the general population aged ≥25 years old in Beijing. MAFLD was closely associated with male gender, older age, lower education and urban residence. Even lean/normal-weight people were under risk of MAFLD.
High Fear of Discriminatory Violence among Racial, Gender, and Sexual Minority College Students and Its Association with Anxiety and Depression
Authors: Grinshteyn Erin , Whaley Reid , Couture Marie-Claude
Published: February 2022

Minority students experience more discrimination on college campuses, yet little is known about fear of discrimination. This paper (a) establishes a new measure, fear of discriminatory violence, (b) assesses sociodemographic correlates of fear of discriminatory violence, and (c) estimates the effect of fear of discriminatory violence on anxiety and depression. A cross-sectional study using online surveys was undertaken among college students. A zero-inflated negative binomial model estimated the association between sociodemographics and fear of discriminatory violence. Multiple logistic regression models estimated the association between fear of discriminatory violence and anxiety/depression. Fear of discriminatory violence was higher among Black (ME: 11.9, p < 0.0001), Hispanic (ME: 5.9, p < 0.0001), Middle Eastern (ME: 5.4, p = 0.03), Asian (ME: 4.9, p < 0.0001), and multiracial (ME: 2.9, p < 0.0001) students compared with White students; transgender/gender non-conforming (ME: 7.2, p = 0.01) and female (ME: 3.4, p < 0.0001) students compared with male students; and gay (ME: 10.7, p < 0.0001), lesbian (ME: 9.0, p = 0.01), and bisexual students (ME: 3.4, p = 0.001) as well as those with a sexual orientation not included (ME: 5.5, p = 0.001), compared with heterosexual students. Increasing fear of discriminatory violence was associated with increased odds of anxiety (AOR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.06) and depression (AOR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.05). This understudied public health issue should be addressed to prevent fear of discriminatory violence and the resulting mental health consequences among college populations.
Invasive Populations of the Emerald Ash Borer Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Saint Petersburg, Russia: A Hitchhiker?
Authors: Selikhovkin Andrey V. , Musolin Dmitry L. , Popovichev Boris G. , Merkuryev Sergey A. , Volkovitsh Mark G. , Vasaitis Rimvys
Published: February 2022

The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, is an invasive beetle of East Asian origin that has killed millions of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) in North America and Russia. In September 2020, EAB was detected in Saint Petersburg, a notable event for the metropolitan city. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence and ecology of EAB in Saint Petersburg. The presence of two distinct enclave populations of EAB was revealed, each of which has, most likely, been established through separate events of “hitchhiking” via transport vehicles. Following the invasion, the further spread of EAB in Saint Petersburg was slow and locally restricted, most likely due to climatic factors. This spread by “hitchhiking” suggests that the possibility of the further long-distance geographic spread of EAB in the Baltic Sea region (the EU) is high, both by ground transport (120–130 km distance from EU borders) and ferries that transport cars across the Baltic Sea. In certain cases, the development of EAB on Fraxinus excelsior, based on the stem portion colonized, larval densities, number of galleries, exit holes, viable larvae, and emerged adult beetles, was more successful than in Fraxinus pennsylvanica trees. The observed relatively high sensitivity of F. excelsior to EAB, therefore, casts doubt on the efficacy and benefits of the currently ongoing selection and breeding projects against ash dieback (ADB) disease, which is caused by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Inventory, mapping, and monitoring of surviving F. excelsior trees infested by both ADB and EAB are necessary to acquire genetic resources for work on the strategic long-term restoration of F. excelsior, tackling the probable invasion of EAB to the EU.
Update on Efficacy of Conservative Treatments for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Karjalanen Teemu , Raatikainen Saara , Jaatinen Kati , Lusa Vieda
Published: February 2022

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common upper extremity compression neuropathy. Non-operative interventions are usually the first-line treatments, and surgery is reserved for those that do not achieve a satisfactory symptom state by non-operative means. This narrative review summarizes the current evidence regarding the efficacy of orthoses, corticosteroid injections, platelet-rich plasma injections, Kinesio taping, neurodynamic techniques, gabapentin, therapeutic ultrasound, and extracorporeal shockwave therapy in people with CTS. While many trials suggest small short-term benefits, rigorous evidence of long-term patient-important benefits is limited. To improve the utility of healthcare resources, research in this area should focus on establishing efficacy of each treatment instead of comparing various treatments with uncertain benefits.