bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Future inhibition of ecosystem productivity by increasing wildfire pollution over boreal North America
Authors: Yue Xu , Strada Susanna , Unger Nadine , Wang Aihui
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Biomass burning is an important source of tropospheric ozone (O3) and aerosols. These air pollutants can affect vegetation photosynthesis through stomatal uptake (for O3) and light scattering and absorption (for aerosols). Wildfire area burned is projected to increase significantly in boreal North America by the mid-century, while little is known about the impacts of enhanced emissions on the terrestrial carbon budget. Here, combining site-level and satellite observations and a carbon–chemistry–climate model, we estimate the impacts of fire emitted O3 and aerosols on net primary productivity (NPP) over boreal North America. Fire emissions are calculated based on an ensemble projection from 13 climate models. In the present day, wildfire enhances surface O3 by 2 ppbv (7 %) and aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm by 0.03 (26 %) in the summer. By mid-century, area burned is predicted to increase by 66 % in boreal North America, contributing more O3 (13 %) and aerosols (37 %). Fire O3 causes negligible impacts on NPP because ambient O3 concentration (with fire contributions) is below the damage threshold of 40 ppbv for 90 % summer days. Fire aerosols reduce surface solar radiation but enhance atmospheric absorption, resulting in enhanced air stability and intensified regional drought. The domain of this drying is confined to the north in the present day but extends southward by 2050 due to increased fire emissions. Consequently, wildfire aerosols enhance NPP by 72 Tg C yr−1 in the present day but decrease NPP by 118 Tg C yr−1 in the future, mainly because of the soil moisture perturbations. Our results suggest that future wildfire may accelerate boreal carbon loss, not only through direct emissions increasing from 68 Tg C yr−1 at present day to 130 Tg C yr−1 by mid-century but also through the biophysical impacts of fire aerosols.
Features in air ions measured by an air ion spectrometer (AIS) at Dome C
Authors: Chen Xuemeng , Virkkula Aki , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Manninen Hanna E. , Busetto Maurizio , Lanconelli Christian , Lupi Angelo , Vitale Vito , Del Guasta Massimo , Grigioni Paolo , Väänänen Riikka , Duplissy Ella-Maria , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku
Published: November 2017

Abstract. An air ion spectrometer (AIS) was deployed for the first time at the Concordia station at Dome C (75°06′ S, 123°23′ E; 3220 m a. s. l. ), Antarctica during the period 22 December 2010–16 November 2011 for measuring the number size distribution of air ions. In this work, we present results obtained from this air ion data set together with aerosol particle and meteorological data. The main processes that modify the number size distribution of air ions during the measurement period at this high-altitude site included new particle formation (NPF, observed on 85 days), wind-induced ion formation (observed on 36 days), and ion production and loss associated with cloud/fog formation (observed on 2 days). For the subset of days when none of these processes seemed to operate, the concentrations of cluster ions (0.9–1.9 nm) exhibited a clear seasonality, with high concentrations in the warm months and low concentrations in the cold. Compared to event-free days, days with NPF were observed with higher cluster ion concentrations. A number of NPF events were observed with restricted growth below 10 nm, which were termed as suppressed NPF. There was another distinct feature, namely a simultaneous presence of two or three separate NPF and subsequent growth events, which were named as multi-mode NPF events. Growth rates (GRs) were determined using two methods: the appearance time method and the mode fitting method. The former method seemed to have advantages in characterizing NPF events with a fast GR, whereas the latter method is more suitable when the GR was slow. The formation rate of 2 nm positive ions (J2+) was calculated for all the NPF events for which a GR in the 2–3 nm size range could be determined. On average, J2+ was about 0.014 cm−3 s−1. The ion production in relation to cloud/fog formation in the size range of 8–42 nm seemed to be a unique feature at Dome C, which has not been reported elsewhere. These ions may, however, either be multiply charged particles but detected as singly charged in the AIS, or be produced inside the instrument, due to the breakage of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), possibly related to the instrumental behaviour under the extremely cold condition. For the wind-induced ion formation, our observations suggest that the ions originated more likely from atmospheric nucleation of vapours released from the snow than from mechanical charging of shattered snow flakes and ice crystals.
Impact of gravity waves on the motion and distribution of atmospheric ice particles
Authors: Podglajen Aurélien , Plougonven Riwal , Hertzog Albert , Jensen Eric
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Gravity waves are an ubiquitous feature of the atmosphere and influence clouds in multiple ways. Regarding cirrus clouds, many studies have emphasized the impact of wave-induced temperature fluctuations on the nucleation of ice crystals. This paper investigates the impact of the waves on the motion and distribution of ice particles, using the idealized 2-D framework of a monochromatic gravity wave. Contrary to previous studies, a special attention is given to the impact of the wind field induced by the wave. Assuming no feedback of the ice on the water vapor content, theoretical and numerical analyses both show the existence of a wave-driven localization of ice crystals, where some ice particles remain confined in a specific phase of the wave. The precise location where the confinement occurs depends on the background relative humidity, but it is always characterized by a relative humidity near saturation and a positive vertical wind anomaly. Hence, the wave has an impact on the mean motion of the crystals and may reduce dehydration in cirrus by slowing down the sedimentation of the ice particles. The results also provide a new insight into the relation between relative humidity and ice crystals presence. The wave-driven localization is consistent with temperature-cirrus relationships recently observed in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) over the Pacific during the Airborne Tropical Tropopause EXperiment (ATTREX). It is argued that this effect may explain such observations. Finally, the impact of the described interaction on TTL cirrus dehydration efficiency is quantified using ATTREX observations of clouds and temperature lapse rate.
Impact of a Strong Biomass Burning Event on the Radiative Forcing in the Arctic
Authors: Lisok Justyna , Rozwadowska Anna , Pedersen Jesper G. , Markowicz Krzysztof M. , Ritter Christoph , Kaminski Jacek W. , Struzewska Joanna , Mazzola Mauro , Udisti Roberto , Becagli Silvia , Górecka Izabela
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The aim of the presented study was to investigate the impact on the radiation budget of biomass burning smoke plume transported from Alaska to high Arctic region (Ny-Alesund, Svalbard) in early July 2015. This high aerosol load event is considered exceptional in the last 25 years with mean aerosol optical depth increased by the factor of 10 in comparison to the average summer background values. We utilised in-situ data with hygroscopic growth equations as well as remote sensing measurements as inputs to radiative transfer models with an objective to estimate biases associated with (i) hygroscopicity, (ii) variability of ω profiles and (iii) plane-parallel closure of the modelled atmosphere. A chemical weather model with satellite-derived biomass burning emissions was used to interpret the transport and transformations pathways. Provided MODTRAN simulations resulted in the mean aerosol direct radiative forcing on the level of −78.9 W m−2 and −47.0 W m−2 at the surface and the top of the atmosphere respectively for the mean value of aerosol optical depth equal to 0.64 at 550 nm. It corresponded to the average clear-sky direct radiative forcing of −43.3 W m−2 estimated by radiometers and model simulations. Furthermore, model-derived aerosol direct radiative forcing efficiency reached on average −126 W m−2 / τ550 and −71 W m−2 / τ550 at the surface and at the top of the atmosphere. Estimated heating rate up to 1.8 K day−1 inside the BB plume implied vertical mixing with the turbulent kinetic energy of 0.3 m2 s−2. Ultimately, uncertainty connected with the plane-parallel atmosphere approximation altered results by about 2 W m−2.
Mass concentration, optical depth and carbon composition of particulate matter in the major Southwestern Africa cities of Cotonou (Benin) and Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)
Authors: Djossou Julien , Léon Jean-François , Liousse Cathy , Akpo Aristide , Yoboué Véronique , Bedou Mouhamadou , Bodjrenou Marleine , Chiron Christelle , Galy-Lacaux Corinne , Gardrat Eric , Abbey Marcellin , Keita Sékou , Bahino Julien , Touré N'Datchoh Evelyne , Ossohou Money , Awanou Cossi Norbert
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Air quality degradation is a major issue in the large conurbations on the shore of the gulf of Guinea. We present for the first time PM2.5 time series collected in Cotonou, Benin and Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire from February 2015 to March 2017. Measurements were performed in the vicinity of major combustion aerosol sources: Cotonou/Traffic (CT), Abidjan/Traffic (AT), Abidjan/Waste Burning (AWB) and Abidjan/Domestic Fires (ADF). We report the weekly PM2.5 mass and carbonaceous content as Elemental (EC) and organic (OC) carbon concentrations. We also proceed to the measurements of the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and the Angström exponent in both cities. The average PM2.5 mass concentrations were 32 ± 32 μg/m3, 32 ± 24 μg/m3, 28 ± 19 μg/m3 at traffic sites CT and AT and waste burning site AWD, respectively. The domestic fire site shows concentration of 145 ± 69 μg/m3 due the contribution of smoking and grilling activities. The highest OC and EC concentrations were also measured at ADF at 71 ± 29 μg/m3 and 15 ± 9 μg/m3, respectively. While the other sites present OC concentration between 8 and 12 μg/m3 and EC concentrations between 2 and 7 μg/m3. The OC / EC ratio is 4.3 at CT and 2.0 at AT. This difference highlighs the influence of 2-wheels vehicles using 2-stoke mix in Cotonou compared to Abidjan. AOD were rather similar in both cities with a mean value of 0.58 in Cotonou and 0.68 in Abidjan. The seasonal cycle is dominated by the large increase in surface mass concentration and AOD during the main dry season (Dec.–Feb.) as expected due to mineral dust advection and biomass burning activities. The lowest concentrations are observed during the minor dry season (Aug.–Sept.) due to an increase in surface wind speed leading to a better ventilation. On the other hand, the high PM2.5 / AOD ratio in the minor wet season (Oct.–Nov.) indicates the stagnation of local pollution.
The effect of cloud liquid water on tropospheric temperature retrievals from microwave measurements
Authors: Bernet Leonie , Navas-Guzmán Francisco , Kämpfer Niklaus
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Microwave radiometry is a suitable technique to measure atmospheric temperature profiles with high temporal resolution during clear sky and cloudy conditions. In this study, we included cloud models in the inversion algorithm of the microwave radiometer TEMPERA (TEMPErature RAdiometer) to determine the effect of cloud liquid water on the temperature retrievals. The cloud models were built based on measurements of cloud base altitude and integrated liquid water (ILW), all performed at the aerological station (MeteoSwiss) in Payerne (Switzerland). Cloud base altitudes were detected using ceilometer measurements while the ILW was measured by a HATPRO (Humidity And Temperature PROfiler) radiometer. To assess the quality of the TEMPERA retrieval when clouds were considered, the resulting temperature profiles were compared to 2 years of radiosonde measurements. The TEMPERA instrument measures radiation at 12 channels in the frequency range from 51 to 57 GHz, corresponding to the left wing of the oxygen emission line complex. When the full spectral information with all the 12 frequency channels was used, we found a marked improvement in the temperature retrievals after including a cloud model. The chosen cloud model influenced the resulting temperature profile, especially for high clouds and clouds with a large amount of liquid water. Using all 12 channels, however, presented large deviations between different cases, suggesting that additional uncertainties exist in the lower, more transparent channels. Using less spectral information with the higher, more opaque channels only also improved the temperature profiles when clouds where included, but the influence of the chosen cloud model was less important. We conclude that tropospheric temperature profiles can be optimized by considering clouds in the microwave retrieval, and that the choice of the cloud model has a direct impact on the resulting temperature profile.
Ferrihydrite-associated organic matter (OM) stimulates reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and a complex microbial consortia
Authors: Cooper Rebecca Elizabeth , Eusterhues Karin , Wegner Carl-Eric , Totsche Kai Uwe , Küsel Kirsten
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The formation of Fe(III) oxides in natural environments occurs in the presence of natural organic matter (OM), resulting in the formation of OM–mineral complexes that form through adsorption or coprecipitation processes. Thus, microbial Fe(III) reduction in natural environments most often occurs in the presence of OM–mineral complexes rather than pure Fe(III) minerals. This study investigated to what extent does the content of adsorbed or coprecipitated OM on ferrihydrite influence the rate of Fe(III) reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, a model Fe(III)-reducing microorganism, in comparison to a microbial consortium extracted from the acidic, Fe-rich Schlöppnerbrunnen fen. We found that increased OM content led to increased rates of microbial Fe(III) reduction by S. oneidensis MR-1 in contrast to earlier findings with the model organism Geobacter bremensis. Ferrihydrite–OM coprecipitates were reduced slightly faster than ferrihydrites with adsorbed OM. Surprisingly, the complex microbial consortia stimulated by a mixture of electrons donors (lactate, acetate, and glucose) mimics S. oneidensis under the same experimental Fe(III)-reducing conditions suggesting similar mechanisms of electron transfer whether or not the OM is adsorbed or coprecipitated to the mineral surfaces. We also followed potential shifts of the microbial community during the incubation via 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses to determine variations due to the presence of adsorbed or coprecipitated OM–ferrihydrite complexes in contrast to pure ferrihydrite. Community profile analyses showed no enrichment of typical model Fe(III)-reducing bacteria, such as Shewanella or Geobacter sp., but an enrichment of fermenters (e.g., Enterobacteria) during pure ferrihydrite incubations which are known to use Fe(III) as an electron sink. Instead, OM–mineral complexes favored the enrichment of microbes including Desulfobacteria and Pelosinus sp., both of which can utilize lactate and acetate as an electron donor under Fe(III)-reducing conditions. In summary, this study shows that increasing concentrations of OM in OM–mineral complexes determines microbial Fe(III) reduction rates and shapes the microbial community structure involved in the reductive dissolution of ferrihydrite. Similarities observed between the complex Fe(III)-reducing microbial consortia and the model Fe(III)-reducer S. oneidensis MR-1 suggest electron-shuttling mechanisms dominate in OM-rich environments, including soils, sediments, and fens, where natural OM interacts with Fe(III) oxides during mineral formation.
Sensitivity of the tropical climate to an interhemispheric thermal
gradient: the role of tropical ocean dynamics
Authors: Talento Stefanie , Barreiro Marcelo
Published: November 2017

Abstract. This study aims to determine the role of the tropical ocean dynamics in the response of the climate to an extratropical thermal forcing. We analyse and compare the outcomes of coupling an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) with two ocean models of different complexity. In the first configuration the AGCM is coupled with a slab ocean model while in the second a Reduced Gravity Ocean (RGO) model is additionally coupled in the tropical region. We find that the imposition of an extratropical thermal forcing (warming in the Northern Hemisphere and cooling in the Southern Hemisphere with zero global mean) produces, in terms of annual means, a weaker response when the RGO is coupled, thus indicating that the tropical ocean dynamics opposes the incoming remote signal. On the other hand, while the slab ocean coupling does not produce significant changes to the equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) seasonal cycle, the RGO configuration generates a strong warming in the centre-east of the basin from April to August balanced by a cooling during the rest of the year, strengthening the seasonal cycle in the eastern portion of the basin. We hypothesize that such changes are possible via the dynamical effect that zonal wind stress has on the thermocline depth. We also find that the imposed extratropical pattern affects El Niño Southern Oscillation, weakening its amplitude and low-frequency behaviour.
Water-balance and hydrology research in a mountainous
permafrost watershed in upland streams of the Kolyma River,
Russia: a database from the Kolyma Water-Balance Station,
1948–1997
Authors: Makarieva Olga , Nesterova Nataliia , Lebedeva Lyudmila , Sushansky Sergey
Published: November 2017

Abstract. As of 2017, 70 years have passed since the beginning of work at the Kolyma water-balance station (KWBS), a unique scientific research hydrological and permafrost catchment. The volume and duration (50 continuous years) of hydrometeorological standard and experimental data, characterizing the natural conditions and processes occurring in mountainous permafrost conditions, significantly exceeds any counterparts elsewhere in the world. The data are representative of the vast territory of the North-East of Russia. In 1997, the station was terminated, thereby leaving Russia without operating research watersheds in the permafrost zone. This paper describes the dataset containing the series of daily runoff from 10 watersheds with area from 0.27 to 21.3 km2, precipitation, meteorological observations, evaporation from soil and snow, snow surveys, soil thaw and freeze depths, and soil temperature for the period 1948–1997. It also highlights the main historical stages of the station's existence, its work and scientific significance, and outlines the prospects for its future, where the Kolyma water-balance station could be restored to the status of a scientific research watershed and become a valuable international center for hydrological research in permafrost. The data is available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.881731.
Modeling canopy-induced turbulence in the Earth system: a unified parameterization of turbulent exchange within plant canopies and the roughness sublayer (CLM-ml v0)
Authors: Bonan Gordon B. , Patton Edward G. , Harman Ian N. , Oleson Keith W. , Finnigan John J. , Lu Yaqiong , Burakowski Elizabeth A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Land surface models used in climate models neglect the roughness sublayer and parameterize within-canopy turbulence in an ad hoc manner. We implemented a roughness sublayer turbulence parameterization in a multi-layer canopy model (CLM-ml v0) test if this theory provides a tractable parameterization extending from the ground through the canopy and the roughness sublayer. We compared the canopy model with the Community Land Model (CLM4.5) at 7 forest, 2 grassland, and 3 cropland AmeriFlux sites over a range of canopy height, leaf area index, and climate. The CLM4.5 has pronounced biases during summer months at forest sites in mid-day latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, and gross primary production, nighttime friction velocity, and the radiative temperature diurnal range. The new canopy model reduces these biases by introducing new physics. The signature of the roughness sublayer is most evident in sensible heat flux, friction velocity, and the diurnal cycle of radiative temperature. Within-canopy temperature profiles are markedly different compared with profiles obtained using Monin–Obukhov similarity theory, and the roughness sublayer produces cooler daytime and warmer nighttime temperatures. The herbaceous sites also show model improvements, but the improvements are related less systematically to the roughness sublayer parameterization in these short canopies. The multi-layer canopy with the roughness sublayer turbulence improves simulations compared with the CLM4.5 while also advancing the theoretical basis for surface flux parameterizations.
Assessment of a multi-resolution snow reanalysis framework: a
multi-decadal reanalysis case over the Upper Yampa River Basin,
Colorado
Authors: Baldo Elisabeth , Margulis Steven A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. A multi-resolution (MR) approach was successfully implemented in the context of a data assimilation (DA) framework to efficiently estimate snow water equivalent (SWE) over a large headwater catchment in the Colorado River Basin (CRB), while decreasing computational constraints by 60 %. Thirty-one years of fractional snow cover area (fSCA) images derived from Landsat TM, ETM+ and OLI sensors measurements were assimilated to generate two SWE reanalysis datasets, a baseline case at a uniform 90 m spatial resolution and another using the MR approach. A comparison of the two showed negligible differences in terms of snow accumulation, melt and timing for the posterior estimates (in terms of both ensemble median and standard deviation). The MR approach underestimated the baseline peak SWE by less than 2 %, and day of peak and duration of the accumulation season by a day on average. The largest differences were, by construct, limited primarily to areas of low complexity, where shallow snowpacks tend to exist. The MR approach should allow for more computationally efficient implementations of snow data assimilation applications over large-scale mountain ranges with accuracies similar to those that would be obtained using ~ 100 m simulations. Such uniform resolution applications are generally infeasible due to the computationally expensive nature of ensemble-based DA frameworks.
SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF INDOOR POINT CLOUDS
USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Babacan K. , Chen L. , Sohn G.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. As Building Information Modelling (BIM) thrives, geometry becomes no longer sufficient; an ever increasing variety of semantic information is needed to express an indoor model adequately. On the other hand, for the existing buildings, automatically generating semantically enriched BIM from point cloud data is in its infancy. The previous research to enhance the semantic content rely on frameworks in which some specific rules and/or features that are hand coded by specialists. These methods immanently lack generalization and easily break in different circumstances. On this account, a generalized framework is urgently needed to automatically and accurately generate semantic information. Therefore we propose to employ deep learning techniques for the semantic segmentation of point clouds into meaningful parts. More specifically, we build a volumetric data representation in order to efficiently generate the high number of training samples needed to initiate a convolutional neural network architecture. The feedforward propagation is used in such a way to perform the classification in voxel level for achieving semantic segmentation. The method is tested both for a mobile laser scanner point cloud, and a larger scale synthetically generated data. We also demonstrate a case study, in which our method can be effectively used to leverage the extraction of planar surfaces in challenging cluttered indoor environments.
3D MODELLING AND VISUALIZATION BASED ON THE UNITY GAME ENGINE – ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Buyuksalih I. , Bayburt S. , Buyuksalih G. , Baskaraca A. P. , Karim H. , Rahman A. A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. 3D City modelling is increasingly popular and becoming valuable tools in managing big cities. Urban and energy planning, landscape, noise-sewage modelling, underground mapping and navigation are among the applications/fields which really depend on 3D modelling for their effectiveness operations. Several research areas and implementation projects had been carried out to provide the most reliable 3D data format for sharing and functionalities as well as visualization platform and analysis. For instance, BIMTAS company has recently completed a project to estimate potential solar energy on 3D buildings for the whole Istanbul and now focussing on 3D utility underground mapping for a pilot case study. The research and implementation standard on 3D City Model domain (3D data sharing and visualization schema) is based on CityGML schema version 2.0. However, there are some limitations and issues in implementation phase for large dataset. Most of the limitations were due to the visualization, database integration and analysis platform (Unity3D game engine) as highlighted in this paper.
GIS AND GAME THEORY FOR WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Ganjali N. , Guney C.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In this study, aspects of Game theory and its application on water resources management combined with GIS techniques are detailed. First, each term is explained and the advantages and limitations of its aspect is discussed. Then, the nature of combinations between each pair and literature on the previous studies are given. Several cases were investigated and results were magnified in order to conclude with the applicability and combination of GIS- Game Theory- Water Resources Management. It is concluded that the game theory is used relatively in limited studies of water management fields such as cost/benefit allocation among users, water allocation among trans-boundary users in water resources, water quality management, groundwater management, analysis of water policies, fair allocation of water resources development cost and some other narrow fields. Also, Decision-making in environmental projects requires consideration of trade-offs between socio-political, environmental, and economic impacts and is often complicated by various stakeholder views. Most of the literature on water allocation and conflict problems uses traditional optimization models to identify the most efficient scheme while the Game Theory, as an optimization method, combined GIS are beneficial platforms for agent based models to be used in solving Water Resources Management problems in the further studies.
TESTING THE POTENTIAL OF VEGETATION INDICES FOR LAND USE/COVER CLASSIFICATION USING HIGH RESOLUTION DATA
Authors: Karakacan Kuzucu A. , Bektas Balcik F.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Accurate and reliable land use/land cover (LULC) information obtained by remote sensing technology is necessary in many applications such as environmental monitoring, agricultural management, urban planning, hydrological applications, soil management, vegetation condition study and suitability analysis. But this information still remains a challenge especially in heterogeneous landscapes covering urban and rural areas due to spectrally similar LULC features. In parallel with technological developments, supplementary data such as satellite-derived spectral indices have begun to be used as additional bands in classification to produce data with high accuracy. The aim of this research is to test the potential of spectral vegetation indices combination with supervised classification methods and to extract reliable LULC information from SPOT 7 multispectral imagery. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Ratio Vegetation Index (RATIO), the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) were the three vegetation indices used in this study. The classical maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithm were applied to classify SPOT 7 image. Catalca is selected region located in the north west of the Istanbul in Turkey, which has complex landscape covering artificial surface, forest and natural area, agricultural field, quarry/mining area, pasture/scrubland and water body. Accuracy assessment of all classified images was performed through overall accuracy and kappa coefficient. The results indicated that the incorporation of these three different vegetation indices decrease the classification accuracy for the MLC and SVM classification. In addition, the maximum likelihood classification slightly outperformed the support vector machine classification approach in both overall accuracy and kappa statistics.
ROADS DATA CONFLATION USING UPDATE HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGES
Authors: Abdollahi A. , Riyahi Bakhtiari H. R.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Urbanization, industrialization and modernization are rapidly growing in developing countries. New industrial cities, with all the problems brought on by rapid population growth, need infrastructure to support the growth. This has led to the expansion and development of the road network. A great deal of road network data has made by using traditional methods in the past years. Over time, a large amount of descriptive information has assigned to these map data, but their geometric accuracy and precision is not appropriate to today’s need. In this regard, the improvement of the geometric accuracy of road network data by preserving the descriptive data attributed to them and updating of the existing geo databases is necessary. Due to the size and extent of the country, updating the road network maps using traditional methods is time consuming and costly. Conversely, using remote sensing technology and geographic information systems can reduce costs, save time and increase accuracy and speed. With increasing the availability of high resolution satellite imagery and geospatial datasets there is an urgent need to combine geographic information from overlapping sources to retain accurate data, minimize redundancy, and reconcile data conflicts. In this research, an innovative method for a vector-to-imagery conflation by integrating several image-based and vector-based algorithms presented. The SVM method for image classification and Level Set method used to extract the road the different types of road intersections extracted from imagery using morphological operators. For matching the extracted points and to find the corresponding points, matching function which uses the nearest neighborhood method was applied. Finally, after identifying the matching points rubber-sheeting method used to align two datasets. Two residual and RMSE criteria used to evaluate accuracy. The results demonstrated excellent performance. The average root-mean-square error decreased from 11.8 to 4.1 m.
COMPARISON OF UAS-BASED PHOTOGRAMMETRY SOFTWARE FOR 3D POINT CLOUD GENERATION: A SURVEY OVER A HISTORICAL SITE
Authors: Alidoost F. , Arefi H.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Nowadays, Unmanned Aerial System (UAS)-based photogrammetry offers an affordable, fast and effective approach to real-time acquisition of high resolution geospatial information and automatic 3D modelling of objects for numerous applications such as topography mapping, 3D city modelling, orthophoto generation, and cultural heritages preservation. In this paper, the capability of four different state-of-the-art software packages as 3DSurvey, Agisoft Photoscan, Pix4Dmapper Pro and SURE is examined to generate high density point cloud as well as a Digital Surface Model (DSM) over a historical site. The main steps of this study are including: image acquisition, point cloud generation, and accuracy assessment. The overlapping images are first captured using a quadcopter and next are processed by different software to generate point clouds and DSMs. In order to evaluate the accuracy and quality of point clouds and DSMs, both visual and geometric assessments are carry out and the comparison results are reported.
PRE-PROCESSES FOR URBAN AREAS DETECTION IN SAR IMAGES
Authors: Altay Açar S. , Bayır Ş.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In this study, pre-processes for urban areas detection in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are examined. These pre-processes are image smoothing, thresholding and white coloured regions determination. Image smoothing is carried out to remove noises then thresholding is applied to obtain binary image. Finally, candidate urban areas are detected by using white coloured regions determination. All pre-processes are applied by utilizing the developed software. Two different SAR images which are acquired by TerraSAR-X are used in experimental study. Obtained results are shown visually.
A NEW MASTER PLAN FOR HARRAN UNIVERSITY BASED ON GEODESIGN
Authors: Ernst F. B. , Erdoğan S. , Yılmaz M. , Ulukavak M. , Şenol H. İ. , Memduhoğlu A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Harran hosted the historical Harran University, which is considered to be the oldest university of the world. The Department of Geomatics of the modern Harran University has been charged with the design of a new master plan using Geodesign technology. Carl Steinitz developed a complete framework for doing Geodesign as applied to regional landscape studies. In this project “Geodesign Hub”, an online software for collaborative Geodesign, has been selected as the main tool. According to the Geodesign concept, data collection had to be limited to support the evaluation of the ten selected systems. The deployment of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) has been necessary in order to collect data with the required accuracy for such a vast area. Currently, works on the third model of the Geodesign framework are continuing.
USING READY-TO-USE DRONE IMAGES in FORESTRY ACTIVITIES: CASE STUDY OF
ÇINARPINAR in KAHRAMANMARAS, TURKEY
Authors: Gülci S. , Akgül M. , Akay A. E. , Taş İ.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. This short paper aims to present pros and cons of current usage of ready-to-use drone images in the field of forestry also considering flight planning and photogrammetric processes. The capabilities of DJI Phantom 4, which is the low cost drone producing by Dji company, was evaluated through sample flights in Cinarpinar Forest Enterprise Chief in Kahramanmaras in Turkey. In addition, the photogrammetric workflow of obtained images and automated flight were presented with respect to capabilities of available software. The flight plans were created by using Pix4DCapture software with android based cell phone. The results indicated that high-resolution imagery obtained by drone can provide significant data for assessment of forest resources, forest roads, and stream channels.
Trailed vorticity modeling for aeroelastic wind turbine simulations in standstill
Authors: Pirrung Georg R. , Madsen Helge A. , Schreck Scott
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Current fast aeroelastic wind turbine codes suitable for certification lack an induction model for standstill conditions. A trailed vorticity model previously used as an addition to a blade element momentum theory based aerodynamic model in normal operation has been extended to allow computing the induced velocities in standstill. The model is validated against analytical results for an elliptical wing in constant inflow and against standstill measurements from the NREL/NASA Phase VI unsteady experiment. The extended model obtains good results in the case of the elliptical wing but underpredicts the steady loading for the Phase VI blade in attached flow. The prediction of the dynamic force coefficient loops from the Phase VI experiment is improved by the trailed vorticity modeling in both attached flow and stall in most cases. The exception is the tangential force coefficient in stall, where the codes and measurements deviate and no clear improvement is visible. This article also contains aeroelastic simulations of the DTU 10 MW reference turbine in standstill at turbulent inflow with a fixed and idling rotor. The influence of the trailed vorticity modeling on the extreme flapwise blade root bending moment is found to be small.
La Declaración 219 de los Textos de las Pirámides como antecedente de la relación Re-Osiris en los Libros del Más Allá del Reino Nuevo
Authors: Bonanno Mariano
Published: November 2017

Los Textos de las Pirámides expresan de modos diferentes los medios por los cuales el faraón lograba el recurso necesario para lograr la transfiguración e integrar el mundo de los dioses. Son numerosas las referencias que relacionan al difunto con Osiris, bien en forma directa (identificación), bien indirectamente. De entre ellas, el contenido de TdP 219 cobra la mayor trascendencia dadas la gran cantidad de alusiones a Osiris y su círculo, el tenor teológico integral de recomposición osiriana, y las referencias a la geografía vinculada a Osiris, entre otras. Este estudio se propone analizar detenidamente TdP 219, enmarcar la relación entre el faraón y Osiris, y abordarla en el contexto de una liturgia mayor. Luego, y a modo de conclusión, se intentará ver de qué modo esta declaración puede ser un antecedente directo de la relación Re-Osiris en los Libros funerarios del Reino Nuevo.
Agustín de Hipona y su recepción del mito maniqueo. "Contra Epistulam Manichaei quam vocant Fundamenti"
Authors: César Calabrese Claudio
Published: November 2017

En este artículo hacemos seguimiento de la recepción que hizo Agustín de Hipona del mito maniqueo; en esta advertimos su reacción visceral contra la doctrina de Mani, pues –además de los elementos propiamente apologéticos– hay un claro intento de tomar psicológicamente distancia de una experiencia religiosa que lo marcó en profundidad, en todos los sentidos. En este contexto por cierto polémico podemos también discernir aspectos centrales de un texto que tuvo valor litúrgico y que, como tal, era de capital importancia para las comunidades maniqueas. Esta lectura agustiniana tiene como horizonte el derrumbe próximo del Imperio Romano de Occidente y el enfrentamiento creciente de Constantinopla con el Imperio Persa, la movilidad de sus fronteras y las persecuciones en parte políticas y en parte religiosas que padeció el Maniqueísmo.
Los principales referentes intelectuales de Ángel Álvarez de Miranda, historiador de las religiones
Authors: Díez de Velasco Francisco
Published: November 2017

Revisión de los referentes intelectuales de Ángel Álvarez de Miranda, que fue catedrático de Historia de las Religiones en la Universidad de Madrid desde 1954 hasta su muerte en 1957. Se repasan en especial las figuras de Mircea Eliade y Raffaele Pettazzoni, pero también se revisa el uso que hace de las obras de Santiago Montero Díaz, Pedro Laín Entralgo, Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo, José Ortega y Gasset, Karl Kerenyi, Angelo Brelich, Xavier Zubiri, José Luis López Aranguren, Julio Caro Baroja, Wilhelm Schmidt y Gerardus van der Leeuw.
Notas sobre as representações do “feminino” nas páginas da revista Brasil-Oeste.
Authors: Salgueiro Eduardo De Melo
Published: November 2017

Neste texto pretendo mostrar como foram apresentadas as mulheres e a sua “feminilidade” nas páginas da revista Brasil-Oeste, mensário que circulou entre o período de 1956 e 1967. Farei uma breve consideração sobre duas colunas publicadas naquele periódico intituladas “Arte Culinária” e “Lar e Família” e que tinham como público-alvo, as mulheres. Neste sentido, minha intenção principal será problematizar algumas notas sobre as representações emitidas pela RBO, órgão de imprensa conservador, sobre a mulher e seu “papel” na sociedade, mais especificamente, no lar.
FEMINISMO E RESISTÊNCIA: 1975 – O CENTRO DA MULHER BRASILEIRA E A REVISTA VEJA
Authors: Marques Ana Maria , Zattoni Andreia Marcia
Published: November 2017

O presente artigo pretende expor os debates presentes inicialmente no Centro da Mulher Brasileira (CMB), fundado em 1975, para mostrar as tendências do feminismo ali retratadas e analisar como o feminismo esteve presente na revista de informação semanal Veja, durante o ano de 1975, fazendo um contraponto com as discussões presentes no CMB na época. Entendemos que as tendências expostas no CMB foram influenciadas pelo momento histórico brasileiro e mundial, seja pelos debates feministas que aconteciam no exterior e que foram introduzidos no movimento, principalmente por mulheres que retornaram do exílio, ou pela militância de sócias que participavam da resistência à ditadura militar. A revista Veja expõe valores predominantes de uma época, todavia apresenta referências tímidas e por vezes preconceituosas sobre o feminismo.
Os Direitos Humanos e as questões de Gênero.
Authors: Tedeschi Losandro Antonio , Colling Ana Maria
Published: November 2017

Gênero e Direitos Humanos tem se demonstrado um problema de difícil solução nos últimos anos. A desigualdade de gênero é uma afronta à igualização proposta pelos Direitos Humanos desde a sua fundação no século XVIII. E esta desigualdade, o poder e o domínio de uns sobre outras tem também a sua história. A reivindicação de Direitos Humanos aplicados às mulheres ocorre porque até há pouco tempo não eram consideradas humanas, mas sim, filhas, esposas de humanos.  Apesar disso, a questão de gênero, ou a reivindicação dos direitos humanos para as mulheres ainda está em construção. A violência contra as mulheres e contra os homossexuais, apresenta-se como um desafio a ser vencido para quem almeja uma sociedade mais justa e igualitária para todos e todas. O artigo busca analisar a conexão entre estudos feministas e de gênero e avaliar os sentidos e significados dessas categorias e a sua incidência na geração de mudanças legais e culturais orientadas à equidade de gênero e à expansão da cidadania das mulheres.
FORMAÇÃO DA CLASSE TRABALHADORA NA ARGENTINA
Authors: Campolina de Sa Cristina Isabel Abreu
Published: November 2017

Esse artigo trata da formação da classe trabalhadora argentina, a partir da influência dos imigrantes europeus que entraram no país, na segunda metade do século XIX. As ideologias de esquerda já conhecidas na Europa, e trazidas pelos imigrantes serão fundamentais na organização da classe operária e na formação do sindicalismo argentino.
A cidade e os miasmas: notas para uma genealogia da medicina social no Rio de Janeiro (1829-1906)
Authors: Medeiros Claudio Vinicius Felix
Published: November 2017

O artigo investiga como, ao longo do séc. XIX, pôde se constituir uma “medicina social” no Rio de Janeiro, assumindo-se como um “dispositivo de saber-poder”, e procurando refletir e modificar o meio histórico-natural com fins a investir na realidade biopolítica de uma população. Analisaremos, em seguida, as condições que possibilitaram a este dispositivo médico-higienista consagrar a associação habitação coletiva/epidemia no contexto das transformações urbanas operadas no Rio de Janeiro do prefeito Pereira Passos (1902-1906). Para tal, apoiamo-nos metodologicamente nos trabalhos genealógicos de Michel Foucault: tanto no que tange à convergência da filosofia e da história no itinerário de seu pensamento; quanto no princípio de imanência entre produção da verdade e mecanismos de poder.
A medicalização da força de trabalho: a instituição de um modelo de saúde através da publicidade na década de 1930
Authors: Rodrigues Gabriel Kenzo
Published: November 2017

A implantação de um ideal racional-cientificista, para o trabalhador urbano nas primeiras décadas do século XX, ocorreu consoante a uma alteração na representação de saúde, que deveria refletir o corpo saudável em termos de produtividade. Muitos laboratórios farmacêuticos passaram a produzir uma publicidade que estabelecesse interlocução com estas exigências, apresentando os medicamentos como os produtos que garantiriam a permanência do trabalhador no âmbito da competividade urbana acirrada, mantendo, desta forma, a possibilidade de venda de sua força de trabalho no mercado.
Um médico sem fronteiras: a trajetória de Joffre Marcondes de Rezende e a definição de uma nova forma clínica da doença de Chagas
Authors: Rangel Vieira Tamara
Published: November 2017

o texto evidencia o processo que levou ao reconhecimento do megaesôfago como manifestação clínica da doença de Chagas – hoje plenamente aceita e enquadrada na forma digestiva da doença. A possibilidade dessa relação foi levantada pelo próprio Carlos Chagas no início do século XX, mas só foi retomada com força nos anos 40 pelos clínicos que atuavam no Brasil Central. Entre estes destaco Joffre Rezende, que em 1956 publicou artigo no qual a doença de Chagas foi categoricamente considerada causa do megaesôfago. Dada a relevância dessa questão no cenário médico nacional e o protagonismo de Rezende neste debate, que gerou núcleos de resistência na comunidade médica nacional, mas também aliados, sua trajetória será o fio condutor da análise que toma por base periódicos científicos, depoimentos e correspondência institucional e pessoal.
O pan-africanismo e o pan-arabismo. A organização para a unidade africana e a questão palestina (1967-1975)
Authors: Sahd Fabio Bacila
Published: November 2017

O presente trabalho discute o posicionamento da Organização para a Unidade Africana em relação a Israel e à Questão Palestina, fundamentando em suas resoluções e naquelas da Organização das Nações Unidas. Busca-se traçar a aproximação de pan-arabismo e pan-africanismo e a evolução dos debates sobre o Oriente Médio no seio da OUA e compreender o que a teria levado a se solidarizar com a Questão Palestina e a considera-la, em 1975, literalmente uma causa africana. O recorte analisado é balizado pela ocupação dos territórios árabes por Israel, que marcou uma virada nas relações da África com esse país, e pela aprovação da resolução 3379 da Assembleia Geral da ONU, em 1975, apoiada amplamente pelos membros africanos, que considerou o sionismo uma forma de racismo.
Faustino Ribeiro Junior: alimentaçâo, saúde, doença e práticas curativas em salvador no limiar do século xx
Authors: Da Rocha Rafael Rosa
Published: November 2017

Este artigo analisa o cenário de saúde e doença em Salvador nos idos do começo do século XX, a partir de um curandeiro paulista chamado Faustino Ribeiro Junior. Colocamos em perspectiva a questão alimentar. A princípio argumentamos que a dieta monoalimentar da população da cidade de Salvador impacta diretamente na contração de doenças que compunham, de alguma maneira, o dia a dia das pessoas como o beri-beri, doenças estomacais e outras. Igualmente, discutimos os embates entre Professor Faustino, como ficou conhecido o curandeiro, e a Inspeção de Higiene chefiada pelo renomado médico baiano Antonio Pacífico Pereira. O embate se deu no contexto das reformas urbanas cariocas tendo reflexo direto na mentalidade das elites baianas. Nesse sentido, a tensão foi informada pelas concepções de civilização e progresso, reelaboradas na República, para combater os elementos de atraso da sociedade da época.
Bons ares, maus colonos: ambivalência entre raça e ambiente em doenças africanas no Brasil de Octavio de Freitas
Authors: Leite de Souza Breno Sabino , Carvalho Leonardo Dallacqua de
Published: November 2017

Nascido em 1871, Freitas iniciou seu curso de medicina na Bahia e concluiu no Rio de Janeiro então se transferindo para a capital pernambucana. Em Recife foi um dos principais médicos locais. Envolveu-se no processo de institucionalização da medicina em Recife que teve sua Faculdade de Medicina inaugurada em 1920, com aula magna do próprio Octavio de Freitas. Uma característica da trajetória de Freitas foi o grande número de publicações que envolvem pesquisas científicas, livros que discutem o papel do médico, memórias da profissão e aspectos históricos da medicina em Pernambuco. Dentre essas obras, aquela que talvez tenha maior destaque seja Doenças Africanas no Brasil. Nesse livro identificamos uma posição ambivalente entre as interpretações de raça e ambiente para compor o levantamento do médico. Além da estrutura do livro como um todo, abordaremos de forma mais específica e detalhada suas considerações a respeito da Frialdade, doenças de grande repercussão pública no período