bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional characterization, localization, and inhibitor sensitivity of the TPR‐FGFR1 fusion in 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome
Authors: Malli Theodora , Buxhofer‐Ausch Veronika , Rammer Melanie , Erdel Martin , Kranewitter Wolfgang , Rumpold Holger , Marschon Renate , Deutschbauer Sabine , Simonitsch‐Klupp Ingrid , Valent Peter , Muellner‐Ammer Kirsten , Sebesta Christian , Birkner Thomas , Webersinke Gerald
Published: September 2015

Myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms with fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) abnormalities, also known as 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome (EMS), represent rare and aggressive disorders, associated with chromosomal aberrations that lead to the fusion of FGFR1 to different partner genes. We report on a third patient with a fusion of the translocated promoter region (TPR) gene, a component of the nuclear pore complex, to FGFR1 due to a novel ins(1;8)(q25;p11p23). The fact that this fusion is a rare but recurrent event in EMS prompted us to examine the localization and transforming potential of the chimeric protein. TPR‐FGFR1 localizes in the cytoplasm, although the nuclear pore localization signal of TPR is retained in the fusion protein. Furthermore, TPR‐FGFR1 enables cytokine‐independent survival, proliferation, and granulocytic differentiation of the interleukin‐3 dependent myeloid progenitor cell line 32Dcl3, reflecting the chronic phase of EMS characterized by myeloid hyperplasia. 32Dcl3 cells transformed with the TPR‐FGFR1 fusion and treated with increasing concentrations of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors ponatinib (AP24534) and infigratinib (NVP‐BGJ398) displayed reduced survival and proliferation with IC50 values of 49.8 and 7.7 nM, respectively. Ponatinib, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is already shown to be effective against several FGFR1‐fusion kinases. Infigratinib, tested only against FGFR1OP2‐FGFR1 to date, is also efficient against TPR‐FGFR1. Taking its high specificity for FGFRs into account, infigratinib could be beneficial for EMS patients and should be further investigated for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms with FGFR1 abnormalities. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biphasic responses of human vascular smooth muscle cells to magnesium ion
Authors: Ma Jun , Zhao Nan , Zhu Donghui
Published: September 2015

Magnesium‐based alloys are promising in biodegradable cardiovascular stent applications. The degradation products of magnesium stents may have significant impacts on the surrounding vascular cells. However, knowledge on the interactions between magnesium ion and vascular cells at the molecular and cellular levels is still largely missing. Vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of restenosis and wound healing after stent implantation. This study evaluated the short‐term effects of extracellular magnesium ion (Mg2+) on the cellular behaviors of SMCs. Cellular responses to Mg2+were biphasic and in a concentration‐dependent manner. Low concentrations (10 mM) of Mg2+increased cell viability, cell proliferation rate, cell adhesion, cell spreading, cell migration rate, and actin expression. In contrast, higher concentrations (40–60 mM) of Mg2+had deleterious effects on cells. Gene expression analysis revealed that Mg2+altered the expressions of genes mostly related to cell adhesion, cell injury, angiogenesis, inflammation, coagulation, and cell growth. Finding from this study provides some valuable information on SMC responses toward magnesium ions at the cellular and molecular levels, and guidance for future controlled release of magnesium from the stent material. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 347–356, 2016.
Thein vivoperformance of an alkali‐free bioactive glass for bone grafting,FastOs®BG, assessed with an ovine model
Authors: Cortez Paulo P. , Brito Ana F. , Kapoor Saurabh , Correia Ana F. , Atayde Luis M. , Dias‐Pereira Patrícia , Maurício Ana Colette , Afonso Américo , Goel Ashutosh , Ferreira José M.F.
Published: September 2015

Although bioactive glasses are successfully used as bone substitutes, recent studies have revealed that the high alkali content in these glasses leads to fastin vivodegradation rates that may not match the rate of new bone ingrowth. This prompted us to design and develop novel bioactive glasses that are devoid of alkali but still demonstrate high bioactivityin vitro. This article describes thein vivoperformance of an alkali‐free bioactive glass with the following composition (Wt %): 13.03 MgO–33.98 CaO–13.37 P2O5−38.84 SiO2−0.77 CaF2(labelled as FastOs®BG). An animal model was used to assess thein vivoperformance of FastOs®BG, using 45S5 Bioglass®as control. The evaluation was performed through implantation of FastOs®BG and 45S5 Bioglass®, during one month, in femoral bone defects in sheep. Subcutaneous implantation of both glasses was also performed in order to assess tissue response through a standardized method. Histological and scanning electron microscopy assessment of retrieved subcutaneous and bone samples demonstrated that FastOs®BG is biocompatible, osteoconductive, that it can be osteointegrated, and that it is more slowly resorbed than 45S5 Bioglass®. These features suggest that FastOs®BG is a potential candidate for bone grafting. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 30–38, 2017.
Stabilization of Oncostatin‐M mRNA by Binding of Nucleolin to a GC‐Rich Element in Its 3′UTR
Authors: Saha Sucharita , Chakraborty Alina , Bandyopadhyay Sumita Sengupta
Published: September 2015

Oncostatin‐M (OSM) is a patho‐physiologically important pleiotropic, multifunctional cytokine. OSM mRNA sequence analysis revealed that its 3′UTR contains three highly conserved GC‐rich cis‐elements (GCREs) whose role in mRNA stability is unidentified. In the present study, the functional role of the proximal GC‐rich region of osm 3′‐UTR (GCRE‐1) in post‐transcriptional regulation of osm expression in U937 cells was assessed by transfecting construct containing GCRE‐1 at 3′‐end of a fairly stable reporter gene followed by analysis of the expression of the reporter. GCRE‐1 showed mRNA destabilizing activity; however, upon PMA treatment the reporter message containing GCRE‐1 was stabilized. This stabilization is owing to a time‐dependent progressive binding of trans‐factors (atleast five proteins) to GCRE‐1 post‐PMA treatment. Nucleolin was identified as one of the proteins in the RNP complex of GCRE‐1 with PMA‐treated U937 cytosolic extracts by oligo‐dT affinity chromatography of poly‐adenylated GCRE‐1. Immuno‐blot revealed time‐dependent enhancement of nucleolin in the cytoplasm which in turn directly binds GCRE‐1. RNA co‐immunoprecipitation confirmed the GCRE‐1‐nucleolin interaction in vivo. To elucidate the functional role of nucleolin in stabilization of osm mRNA, nucleolin was overexpressed in U937 cells and found to stabilize the intrinsic osm mRNA, where co‐transfection with the reporter containing GCRE‐1 confirms the role of GCRE‐1 in stabilization of the reporter mRNA. Thus, in conclusion, the results asserted that PMA treatment in U937 cells leads to cytoplasmic translocation of nucleolin that directly binds GCRE‐1, one of the major GC‐rich instability elements, thereby stabilizing the osm mRNA. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 988–999, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient “On‐the‐Fly” calculation of Raman Spectra fromAb‐Initiomolecular dynamics: Application to hydrophobic/hydrophilic solutes in bulk water
Authors: Partovi‐Azar Pouya , Kühne Thomas D.
Published: September 2015

We present a novel computational method to accurately calculate Raman spectra from first principles. Together with an extension of the second‐generation Car‐Parrinello method of Kühne et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 98, 066401) to propagate maximally localized Wannier functions together with the nuclei, a speed‐up of one order of magnitude can be observed. This scheme thus allows to routinely calculate finite‐temperature Raman spectra “on‐the‐fly” by means ofab‐initiomolecular dynamics simulations. To demonstrate the predictive power of this approach we investigate the effect of hydrophobic and hydrophilic solutes in water solution on the infrared and Raman spectra. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extractables and leachables issues with the application of single use technology in the biopharmaceutical industry
Authors: Gao Ying , Allison Nigel
Published: September 2015

Single‐use technology has been adopted widely in bioprocess development and biopharmaceutical manufacture in recent years. While the benefits of such technologies are well recognized, there are significant concerns regarding extractables and leachables arising from the components of single‐use systems owing to their potential effect on product quality and patient health. Their impact on drug product quality and safety must be clearly understood before adopting disposable technologies into manufacture. A risk assessment is normally required to assess the probability of extractables and leachables migrating into the product stream and their potential risk to the patient. Generic information provided by suppliers may be useful but its relevance to individual applications needs to be demonstrated. Standardization of extractables and leachables testing and approaches to risk assessment has been discussed between the biopharmaceutical industry and regulators. This perspective reviews the current status of extractables and leachables studies within the biopharmaceutical industry and the general approaches employed for risk evaluation associated with the application of single‐use technology. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Nickel‐catalyzed Kumada Cross‐coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of 2,4‐Diarylquinazolines
Authors: Ye Xinglin , Yuan Zhihan , Zhou Yirong , Yang Qin , Xie Yepeng , Deng Zhihong , Peng Yiyuan
Published: September 2015

A series of 2,4‐diarylquinazolines have been successfully synthesized via the Ni‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of quinazoline‐4‐tosylates and aryl Grignard reagents, which provided alternative straightforward approaches for the introduction of aryl groups to quinazolines at C‐4 position.
Factors associated with poor CD4 and viral load outcomes in patients with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Syed Imran Ahmed , Sulaiman Syed Azhar Syed , Hassali Mohammad Azmi , Syed Shahzad Hasan , Shan Lau Hui , Lee Christopher K.C.
Published: September 2015

Suboptimal viral suppression and CD4 response to antiretroviral treatment (HAART) is known to cause poor outcomes with the increase cost of treatment. We aimed to assess factors associated with such control among HIV/AIDS patients in Malaysia. Four hundred and six HIV/AIDS patients, using Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) for at least the past three months, treated as outpatients at medication therapy adherence clinics (MTAC) were recruited. CD4 cell counts, viral load readings along with co‐variants such as socio‐demographic factors, adverse drug reactions, comorbidities, and medication record were obtained. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS®) version 18 and STATA IC® version 12 were used for data analysis. CD4 counts were found highest among those within the age category 41–50 years (390.43 ± 272.28), female (402.64 ± 276.14), other ethnicities (400.20 ± 278.04), and participants with no formal education (414.87 ± 290.90). Patients experiencing adverse effects had a 2.28 (95%CI:1.25–4.18) fold greater risk of poor CD4 control, while patients with comorbidities had 2.46 (95%CI:1.02–5.91) fold greater risk of mild viral suppression. Adverse drug reactions, co‐morbidities were found to be significantly associated with poor immunological and virological outcomes in HIV/AIDS patients. However, a comprehensive evaluation is needed to better understand other confounders J. Med. Virol. 88:790–797, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Colocalization of phosphorylated forms of WAVE1, CRMP2, and tau in Alzheimer's disease model mice: Involvement of Cdk5 phosphorylation and the effect of ATRA treatment
Authors: Watamura Naoto , Toba Junya , Yoshii Aya , Nikkuni Miyu , Ohshima Toshio
Published: September 2015

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia among the elderly. Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), a major pathological hallmark of AD, are composed of tau protein that is hyperphosphorylated by cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). NFTs also contain Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome protein family verprolin‐homologous protein 1 (WAVE1) and collapsin response‐mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). Although Cdk5 is known to phosphorylate tau, WAVE1, and CRMP2, the significance of this with respect to NFT formation remains to be elucidated. This study examines the involvement of phosphorylated (p‐) CRMP2 and WAVE1 in p‐tau aggregates using a triple‐transgenic (3×Tg; APPswe/PS1M146V/tauP301L) AD mouse model. First, we verified the colocalization of p‐WAVE1 and p‐CRMP2 with aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau in the hippocampus at 23 months of age. Biochemical analysis revealed the inclusion of p‐WAVE1, p‐CRMP2, and tau in the sarkosyl‐insoluble fractions of hippocampal homogenates. To test the significance of phosphorylation of these proteins further, we administered all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA) to the 3×Tg mice, which downregulates Cdk5 and GSK3β activity. In ATRA‐treated mice, fewer and smaller tau aggregates were observed compared with non‐ATRA‐treated mice. These results suggest the possibility of novel therapeutic target molecules for preventing tau pathology. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Complexity and predictability of the monthly Western Mediterranean Oscillation index
Authors: Lana X. , Burgueño A. , Martínez M. D. , Serra C.
Published: September 2015

The complexity, predictability and predictive instability of the Western Mediterranean Oscillation index (WeMOi) at monthly scale, years 1856–2000, are analysed from the viewpoint of monofractal and multifractal theories. The complex physical mechanism is quantified by: (1) the Hurst exponent, H, of the rescaled range analysis; (2) correlation and embedding dimensions, μ* and dE, together with Kolmogorov entropy, κ, derived from the reconstruction theorem; and (3) the critical Hölder exponent, αo, the spectral width, W, and the asymmetry of the multifractal spectrum, f(α). The predictive instability is described by the Lyapunov exponents, λ, and the Kaplan–Yorke dimension, DKY, while the self‐affine character is characterized by the Hausdorff exponent, Ha. Relationships between the exponent β, which describes the dependence of the power spectrum S(f) on frequency f, and the Hurst and Hausdorff exponents suggest fractional Gaussian noise (fGn) as a right simulation of empiric WeMOi. Comparisons are made with monthly North‐Atlantic Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation indices. The analysis is complemented with an ARIMA(p,1,0) autoregressive process, which yields a more accurate prediction of WeMOi than that derived from fGn simulations.
How the variance of some extraction variables may affect the quality of espresso coffees served in coffee shops
Authors: Severini Carla , Derossi Antonio , Fiore Anna G , De Pilli Teresa , Alessandrino Ofelia , Del Mastro Arcangela
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND

To improve the quality of espresso coffee, the variables under the control of the barista, such as grinding grade, coffee quantity and pressure applied to the coffee cake, as well as their variance, are of great importance. A nonlinear mixed effect modeling was used to obtain information on the changes in chemical attributes of espresso coffee (EC) as a function of the variability of extraction conditions.

RESULTS

During extraction, the changes in volume were well described by a logistic model, whereas the chemical attributes were better fit by a first‐order kinetic. The major source of information was contained in the grinding grade, which accounted for 87–96% of the variance of the experimental data. The variability of the grinding produced changes in caffeine content in the range of 80.03 mg and 130.36 mg when using a constant grinding grade of 6.5.

CONCLUSION

The variability in volume and chemical attributes of EC is large. Grinding had the most important effect as the variability in particle size distribution observed for each grinding level had a profound effect on the quality of EC. Standardization of grinding would be of crucial importance for obtaining all espresso coffees with a high quality. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Iron migration from undamaged and dented juice tinplate cans
Authors: Veríssimo Marta IS , Silva Rui PO , Gomes Maria Teresa SR
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND

Iron migration from tinplate cans to pineapple drink was studied over time using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, taking into consideration storage temperature, sell‐by date and can condition (dented/undamaged). An organoleptic test, at the sell‐by date, was also performed.

RESULT

Analysis of iron in drinks from tinplate cans, glass and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles was performed up until the sell‐by date. For undamaged canned drinks stored at room temperature, iron was found to remain constant at 0.23 ± 0.01 mg L−1, from the 24th day until 1 year after production. Iron found in glass and PET bottles also remained constant until the sell‐by date, at 0.15 ± 0.04 and 0.12 ± 0.04 mg L−1, respectively. However, migration of iron from dented cans was found to be significant. Twelve months after production, iron content in dented cans, stored at room temperature (22 °C) and in a refrigerator chamber (4 °C) was 14.4 ± 1.0 and 5.5 ± 0.4 mg L−1, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Results showed that for a 35 kg child the intake of three damaged canned drinks may contribute to more than 50% of the iron provisional maximum tolerance daily intake. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Preschool Israeli Children Exposed to Rocket Attacks: Assessment, Risk, and Resilience
Authors: Wolmer Leo , Hamiel Daniel , Versano‐Eisman Tali , Slone Michelle , Margalit Nitzan , Laor Nathaniel
Published: September 2015

Preschool children are among the most vulnerable populations to adversity. This study described the effects of 4 weeks of daily exposure to rocket attacks on children living on Israel's southern border. Participants enrolled in this study were 122 preschool children (50% boys) between the ages 3 and 6 years from 10 kindergartens. We assessed mothers' report of children's symptoms according to the DSM‐IV and alternative criteria resembling the DSM‐5 criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), general adaptation, traumatic exposure, and stressful life events 3 months after the war. The prevalence of PTSD was lower when the diagnosis was derived from the DSM‐IV (4%) than from the DSM‐5 criteria (14%). Mothers of children with 4 or more stressful life events reported more functional impairment in social, occupational, and other important areas of functioning compared to children with 0 or 1 stressful life event. Children with more severe exposure showed more severe symptoms and mothers had more concerns about the child's functioning (ηp2 = .09–.25). Stressful life events and exposure to traumatic experiences accounted for 32% of the variance in PTSD and 19% of the variance in the adaptation scale. Results were explored in terms of risk and resilience factors.
Blackout Drinking Predicts Sexual Revictimization in a College Sample of Binge‐Drinking Women
Authors: Valenstein‐Mah Helen , Larimer Mary , Zoellner Lori , Kaysen Debra
Published: September 2015

Sexual victimization is prevalent on U.S. college campuses. Some women experience multiple sexual victimizations with heightened risk among those with prior victimization histories. One risk factor for sexual revictimization is alcohol use. Most research has focused on associations between alcohol consumption and revictimization. The current study's objective was to understand potential mechanisms by which drinking confers risk for revictimization. We hypothesized that specific drinking consequences would predict risk for revictimization above and beyond the quantity of alcohol consumed. There were 162 binge‐drinking female students (mean age = 20.21 years, 71.3% White, 36.9% juniors) from the University of Washington who were assessed for baseline victimization (categorized as childhood vs. adolescent victimization), quantity of alcohol consumed, and drinking consequences experienced, then assessed 30 days later for revictimization. There were 40 (24.6%) women who were revictimized in the following 30 days. Results showed that blackout drinking at baseline predicted incapacitated sexual revictimization among women previously victimized as adolescents, after accounting for quantity of alcohol consumed (OR = 1.79, 95% CI [1.07, 3.01]). Other drinking consequences were not strongly predictive of revictimization. Adolescent sexual victimization was an important predictor of sexual revictimization in college women; blackout drinking may confer unique risk for revictimization.
A golden experience: Fifty years of experience managing the frontal sinus
Authors: Chen Philip G. , Wormald Peter‐John , Payne Spencer C. , Gross William E. , Gross Charles W.
Published: September 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

The frontal sinus is one of the most anatomically complex and inaccessible of the paranasal sinuses. As a result, surgeons have continually tried to improve surgical management of the frontal sinus. The senior author (c.w.g.) shares 50 years of experience managing the frontal sinus.

Data Sources

PubMed literature search.

Review Methods

Review of the literature regarding landmark innovations in frontal sinus surgery.

Results

Open approaches established that the frontal sinus is accessible, and in certain circumstances, such as with large osteoma or papilloma, are still required. The endoscope changed the surgical landscape and allowed for greater finesse and decreased morbidity. Sinus balloon dilation is the newest change in frontal sinus management and shows promise in properly selected cases.

Conclusion

Surgery of the frontal sinus continues to evolve and improve. Although there are new techniques, the older techniques are still pertinent. Laryngoscope, 126:802–807, 2016
Ultrabroadband superoscillatory lens composed by plasmonic metasurfaces for subdiffraction light focusing
Authors: Tang Dongliang , Wang Changtao , Zhao Zeyu , Wang Yanqin , Pu Mingbo , Li Xiong , Gao Ping , Luo Xiangang
Published: September 2015

Conventional optics is diffraction limited due to the cutoff of spatial frequency components, and evanescent waves allow subdiffraction optics at the cost of complex near‐field manipulation. Recently, optical superoscillatory phenomena were employed to realize superresolution lenses in the far field, but suffering from very narrow working wavelength band due to the fragility of the superoscillatory light field. Here, an ultrabroadband superoscillatory lens (UBSOL) is proposed and realized by utilizing the metasurface‐assisted law of refraction and reflection in arrayed nanorectangular apertures with variant orientations. The ultrabroadband feature mainly arises from the nearly dispersionless phase profile of transmitted light through the UBSOL for opposite circulation polarization with respect to the incident light. It is demonstrated in experiments that subdiffraction light focusing behavior holds well with nearly unchanged focal patterns for wavelengths spanning across visible and near‐infrared light. This method is believed to find promising applications in superresolution microscopes or telescopes, high‐density optical data storage, etc.

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Synthesis and Enzymatic Degradation of Soft Aliphatic Polyesters
Authors: Buchholz Viola , Agarwal Seema , Greiner Andreas
Published: September 2015

Novel aliphatic enzymatically degradable polyesters with short alkyl side chains for tuning crystallinity are presented in this work. The intrinsic problem of aliphatic polyesters is their brittleness and tendency to crystallize. This was modulated by the synthesis of random copolyesters based on aliphatic linear monomers, adipic acid, 1,5‐pentanediol and monomers with aliphatic branches, such as 2‐butyl‐2‐ethyl‐1,3‐propanediol by polycondensation. The resulting copolyesters were crystalline, wax‐like or had liquid texture with varied mechanical properties and enzymatic degradability depending upon the copolymer composition. Such polyesters are of significant interest for a wide range of possible applications such as controlled drug delivery, agricultural applications and as packing materials.
Stability prediction for milling process with multiple delays using an improved semi‐discretization method
Authors: Jin Gang , Qi Houjun , Cai Yujun , Zhang Qichang
Published: September 2015

Milling chatter leads to a poor surface finish, premature tool wear, and potential damage to the machine or tool. Thus, it is desirable to predict and avoid the onset of this instability. Considering that the stability of milling with variable pitch cutter or tool runout case is characterized by multiple delays, in this paper, an improved semi‐discretization method is proposed to predict the stability lobes for milling processes with multiple delays. Taking the variable pitch milling, for example, a comparisonwith prior methods is conducted to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach for the stability prediction both in low and high radial immersion ratios. In addition, the rate of convergence of the proposed method is also evaluated. The results show that the proposed method has high computational efficiency. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust family of exponential attractors for isotropic crystal models
Authors: Cherfils Laurence , Gatti Stefania
Published: September 2015

Our aim in this paper is to study, in term of finite dimensional exponential attractors, the Willmore regularization, (depending on a small regularization parameter β > 0), of two phase‐field equations, namely, the Allen–Cahn and the Cahn–Hilliard equations. In both cases, we construct robust families of exponential attractors, that is, attractors that are continuous with respect to the perturbation parameter. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
KDAC8 substrate specificity quantified by a biologically relevant, label‐free deacetylation assay
Authors: Toro Tasha B. , Watt Terry J.
Published: September 2015

Analysis of the human proteome has identified thousands of unique protein sequences that contain acetylated lysine residues in vivo. These modifications regulate a variety of biological processes and are reversed by the lysine deacetylase (KDAC) family of enzymes. Despite the known prevalence and importance of acetylation, the details of KDAC substrate recognition are not well understood. While several methods have been developed to monitor protein deacetylation, none are particularly suited for identifying enzyme‐substrate pairs of label‐free substrates across the entire family of lysine deacetylases. Here, we present a fluorescamine‐based assay which is more biologically relevant than existing methods and amenable to probing substrate specificity. Using this assay, we evaluated the activity of KDAC8 and other lysine deacetylases, including a sirtuin, for several peptides derived from known acetylated proteins. KDAC8 showed clear preferences for some peptides over others, indicating that the residues immediately surrounding the acetylated lysine play an important role in substrate specificity. Steady‐state kinetics suggest that the sequence surrounding the acetylated lysine affects binding affinity and catalytic rate independently. Our results provide direct evidence that potential KDAC8 substrates previously identified through cell based experiments can be directly deacetylated by KDAC8. Conversely, the data from this assay did not correlate well with predictions from previous screens for KDAC8 substrates using less biologically relevant substrates and assay conditions. Combining results from our assay with mass spectrometry‐based experiments and cell‐based experiments will allow the identification of specific KDAC‐substrate pairs and lead to a better understanding of the biological consequences of these interactions.
Improvement of resistive switching fluctuations by using one step lift‐off process
Authors: Li Yingtao , Gao Xiaoping , Fu Liping , Yuan Peng , Wang Hong , Tao Chunlan
Published: September 2015

Bipolar resistive switching characteristics are investigated in ZrO2 containing Cu thin layer devices, particularly for the self‐isolated‐structure device fabricated by one step lift‐off process. Compared with the traditional‐structure device, the self‐isolated‐structure device shows more uniform resistive switching characteristics. This is because the isolation of each device cell has negligible influence on each other and thus mitigates possible crosstalk between each cell. These results suggest that the feasibility of good stabilization of the resistive switching parameters can be obtained through one step lift‐off process. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Importance of Monitoring Patients’ Responses to Medications: Increased Arousal after Administration of Zolpidem in Those with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy—A Case Study
Authors: Duraski Sylvia A.
Published: September 2015

In rehabilitation, nurses are the first team members to note or be told when a patient is having a positive or negative response to a medication. In brain injury medicine, medications are often used to augment cognitive or physical rehabilitation by increasing alertness, attention, focus, concentration, improving sleep, decreasing agitation, or easing spasticity and rigidity. Rehabilitation nurses not only should be aware of how medications work but also how medications may work differently in a chronically ill or disabled population. This article describes a 51-year-old man who suffered a hypoxic ischemic brain injury and how his neurological complications were managed with a nonbenzodiazepine medication which the Food and Drug Administration approved for the treatment of insomnia.
Pain, Physical Function, and Health in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Huang Kuang-Hui , Hsieh Ru-Lan , Lee Wen-Chung
Published: September 2015

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between pain and physical functional limitation and health status in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Design:

A correlational study.

Methods:

In a convenience sample of 73 patients with knee OA, pain and physical function were assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index. Health status was evaluated using multiple instruments under the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health framework.

Findings:

In the study of patients with knee OA, pain and physical functional limitation exhibited mild to strong associations with health status, including body function and structure (r = .26–.71), activities and participation (r = .24–.88), and personal and environmental factors (r = .24–.62).

Conclusion:

In patients with knee OA, health status is mildly to strongly associated with pain and physical functional limitation.

Clinical Relevance:

Reducing pain and physical functional limitation in patients with knee OA might improve their health status.
Mental representation and the discovery of new strategies
Authors: Csaszar Felipe A. , Levinthal Daniel A.
Published: September 2015

Research summary: Managers' mental representations affect the perceived payoffs and alternatives that managers consider. Thus, mental representations affect how managers search for profitable strategies as well as the quality of strategies they discover. To study how mental representation and search interact, we formally model the dual search over possible representations and over policy choices of a strategy “landscape.” We analyze when it is preferable to emphasize searching for the best policies rather than the best mental representation, and vice versa. We show that, in the long run, a balance between the two search modes not only results in better expected performance, but also reduces the variation in performance. Additionally, the article describes conditions under which increased accuracy of mental representations can actually worsen firm performance.

Managerial summary: Managers' mental representations affect the perceived payoffs and alternatives that managers consider. Thus, mental representations affect the quality of strategies managers can discover. We analyze a computer simulation of how managers use mental representations to search for strategies. This sheds light on how managers should deal with the trade‐off between searching for policies and searching for representations; that is, whether managers should think creatively about how to represent a strategy problem or whether they should just stick to the current problem understanding, and try to find ways to improve performance as suggested by the current representation. We provide insight regarding the balance between the two search modes and describe conditions under which increasingly accurate mental representations can worsen firm performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Embodied emotion: the influence of manipulated facial and bodily states on emotive responses
Authors: Price Tom F. , Harmon‐Jones Eddie
Published: September 2015

A growing body of evidence suggests that certain facial expressions and postures are associated with emotional and motivational responses. This review discusses behavioral, neuroscientific, and cognitive research connecting these bodily movements with emotive responses. General bodily feedback theories of emotion have suggested that manipulated facial expressions and postures influence emotive reactions to stimuli as well as physiological responses such as heart rate, skin conductance, and the temperature of blood entering the brain. More recent evidence suggests that manipulated bodily states influence prefrontal cortical activation and amygdala activation. Even further evidence has suggested that manipulated bodily states influence cognitive processes, such as the speed at which individuals read emotional content, the speed at which they classify information as emotional, and the extent to which they determine emotional information as threatening. Bodily feedback theories may also suggest clinical applications. Bodily feedback theories of emotion therefore have generated research showing that bodily expressions play a pivotal role in our emotive experiences.WIREs Cogn Sci2015, 6:461–473. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1370

This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Emotion and Motivation
England and Europe in the Sixteenth Century
Authors: Doran Susan
Published: September 2015

This book provides a thematic survey of English foreign policy in the sixteenth century, focusing on the influence of the concept of honour, security concerns, religious ideology and commercial interests on the making of policy. It draws attention to aspects of continuity with the late-medieval past but argues, too, that the European Reformation brought new challenges which forced a rethinking of policy. Far from treating the sixteenth century as the period when England began its rise as a Great Power, the author emphasises the structural weaknesses of the English armed forces and demonstrates that dangers and insecurities did more to mould foreign policy than the energy and confidence of the Tudor rulers.
Jean Rhys
Authors: Maurel Sylvie
Published: September 2015

Jean Rhys' writings are examined through the frames of feminist criticism and literary theory, providing close readings of the texts and their language. The book explores the various forms of feminine dissent at work in Jean Rhys' fiction. She is shown to develop an ethics of subversion through resistance to closure, irony, parody and her daring rewriting of Jane Eyre. Each novel is treated as a complete aesthetic whole, with substantial references to the short stories, for a more penetrating insight into Jean Rhys' fictional universe.
Performance of Choline‐Based Deep Eutectic Solvents in the Extraction of Tocols from Crude Palm Oil
Authors: Abdul Hadi Nu’man , Ng Mei Han , Choo Yuen May , Hashim Mohd Ali , Jayakumar Natesan Subramanian
Published: September 2015

Deep eutectic solvents are emerging green solvents that have potential in many separation processes. This study investigates the performance of choline‐based deep eutectic solvents in the extraction of tocopherols and tocotrienols (collectively known as tocols) from palm oil, a major natural source of tocols. Deep eutectic solvents comprised of choline chloride salt and selected carboxylic acids as hydrogen bond donors were prepared and used in the extraction of tocols from crude palm oil by liquid–liquid extraction. Tocols concentration in the extracted product was at least double that in the control (8671 mg/kg compared to 3285 mg/kg, respectively). Increasing the amount of the deep eutectic solvents increased the tocols concentration in the extracted product up to 18,525 mg/kg, but the yields lowered from 4 % to less than 1 %. The tocols profile was significantly improved by the increase of the tocotrienols fraction in the products from 80.8 to 99.8 %. This study showed that unique interaction between the selected deep eutectic solvents with the tocols make it possible to selectively separate individual tocols in palm oil, where products with fractions rich in tocotrienols and low in tocopherols (particularly α‐tocopherol) are favorable.
Soaking Conditions Affect the Contents of Tocopherols, Tocotrienols, and γ‐Oryzanol in Pigmented and Non‐Pigmented Brown Rice
Authors: Lin Tsu‐Chi , Huang Shao‐Hua , Ng Lean‐Teik
Published: September 2015

Tocopherols (Toc), tocotrienols (T3), and γ‐oryzanol (GO), important lipid antioxidants in rice, are known to possess various pharmacological properties. In this study, our aim was to examine the effects of soaking conditions on the extractable contents of Toc, T3, and GO in cooked pigmented (PBR) and non‐pigmented brown rice (non‐PBR). The results showed that Toc, T3, and GO concentrations in non‐PBR peaked after soaking at 25 °C for 120 min, whereas soaking conditions showed minimal effects on these compounds in PBR. In non‐PBR, high Toc, T3, and GO levels were also noted in the treatments at higher soaking temperatures (45 and 55 °C) with a shorter soaking time (less than 60 min). The GO level in both cultivars was at least ten times greater than the total vitamin E content. Vitamin E analogues having concentrations greater than 10 mg/kg in PBR and non‐PBR were γ‐Toc and γ‐T3, and α‐Toc and γ‐T3, respectively. This study concludes that presoaking and cooking processes can improve the extractable contents of Toc, T3, and GO in cooked PBR and non‐PBR, and the extraction yield of these bioactive compounds was significantly different between cultivars.
Barriers to early prenatal care in South Africa
Authors: Haddad Diane N. , Makin Jennifer D. , Pattinson Robert C. , Forsyth Brian W.
Published: September 2015

Objective

To understand the barriers delaying early prenatal care for women in South Africa.

Methods

A mixed‐methods study was conducted at a center in Pretoria.

Results

Following interviews with 21 women at a prenatal clinic in Pretoria, a quantitative survey was completed by 204 postpartum women. During interviews, women described presenting late owing to contemplating induced abortion, fear of HIV testing, and fear of jealousy and bewitching. The survey results demonstrated that a majority of women (133 [65.2%]) reported knowledge of recommendations to present before 12 weeks; however, the average gestational age at initial presentation was 19.1 ± 7.7 weeks. Women were more likely to present earlier if the pregnancy was planned (P = 0.013) and were less likely to if they had at any point contemplated induced abortion (P = 0.021). Fears of bewitching and harmful psychological stress owing to a positive HIV test result prevailed in both the interviews and the surveys.

Conclusion

Significant efforts should be devoted to improving access to contraception and prepregnancy counseling in order to improve early prenatal care attendance. Similarly, addressing cultural concerns and fears regarding pregnancy is imperative in promoting early attendance.
Cultivating Effective Brokers: A Party Leader’s Dilemma
Authors: Camp Edwin
Published: September 2015

Political machines dominate many electoral democracies. Scholars argue that local party members, commonly called brokers, are crucial to the success of machines. This article enhances our understanding of party machines by developing a formal model that reveals how leaders extract services from brokers. The model also shows that leaders of machines face a dilemma: they need effective brokers, but these brokers create vulnerabilities that can ultimately reduce the party’s vote share and even cause electoral loss. So, in addition to highlighting electoral strengths of political machines, this article reveals their organizational vulnerabilities. This argument is evaluated with a novel survey experiment from Argentina. The survey is the first to draw upon a probability sample of brokers in any country.
Corporate Governance since the Managerial Capitalism Era
Authors: Cheffins Brian R.
Published: September 2015

Executives of today's public companies face a considerably different set of opportunities and constraints than did their counterparts in the managerial capitalism era, which reached its apex in the 1950s and 1960s. The growing importance of corporate governance featured prominently as circumstances changed for those running public companies. This article explores these developments, taking into account high-profile corporate scandals occurring in the first half of the 1970s and the early 2000s, the 1980s “Deal Decade,” the “imperial” chief executive phenomenon, and changes to the roles played by directors and shareholders of public companies.
Peak and ceiling effects in final-product analysis of mastoidectomy performance
Authors: West N , Konge L , Cayé-Thomasen P , Sørensen M S , Andersen S A W
Published: September 2015

Background:

Virtual reality surgical simulation of mastoidectomy is a promising training tool for novices. Final-product analysis for assessing novice mastoidectomy performance could be limited by a peak or ceiling effect. These may be countered by simulator-integrated tutoring.

Methods:

Twenty-two participants completed a single session of self-directed practice of the mastoidectomy procedure in a virtual reality simulator. Participants were randomised for additional simulator-integrated tutoring. Performances were assessed at 10-minute intervals using final-product analysis.

Results:

In all, 45.5 per cent of participants peaked before the 60-minute time limit. None of the participants achieved the maximum score, suggesting a ceiling effect. The tutored group performed better than the non-tutored group but tutoring did not eliminate the peak or ceiling effects.

Conclusion:

Timing and adequate instruction is important when using final-product analysis to assess novice mastoidectomy performance. Improved real-time feedback and tutoring could address the limitations of final product based assessment.
Demasculinization of male guppies increases resistance to a common and harmful ectoparasite
Authors: DARGENT FELIPE , REDDON ADAM R. , SWANEY WILLIAM T. , FUSSMANN GREGOR F. , READER SIMON M. , SCOTT MARILYN E. , FORBES MARK R.
Published: September 2015

Parasites are detrimental to host fitness and therefore should strongly select for host defence mechanisms. Yet, hosts vary considerably in their observed parasite loads. One notable source of inter-individual variation in parasitism is host sex. Such variation could be caused by the immunomodulatory effects of gonadal steroids. Here we assess the influence of gonadal steroids on the ability of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to defend themselves against a common and deleterious parasite (Gyrodactylus turnbulli). Adult male guppies underwent 31 days of artificial demasculinization with the androgen receptor-antagonist flutamide, or feminization with a combination of flutamide and the synthetic oestrogen 17β-estradiol, and their parasite loads were compared over time to untreated males and females. Both demasculinized and feminized male guppies had lowerG. turnbulliloads than the untreated males and females, but this effect appeared to be mainly the result of demasculinization, with feminization having no additional measurable effect. Furthermore, demasculinized males, feminized males and untreated females all suffered lowerGyrodactylus-induced mortality than untreated males. Together, these results suggest that androgens reduce the ability of guppies to control parasite loads, and modulate resistance to and survival from infection. We discuss the relevance of these findings for understanding constraints on the evolution of resistance in guppies and other vertebrates.
Exploring the Associations between Social Rank and External Shame with Experiences of Psychosis
Authors: Wood Lisa , Irons Chris
Published: September 2015

Background:Low social rank and external shame have been found to be significantly associated with anxiety and depression. However, their relevance to experiences of psychosis has rarely been explored.Aims:This study aims to examine the relationship of social rank and external shame to personal recovery, depression and positive symptoms in psychosis.Method:A cross sectional correlational design was adopted to examine the relationship between all variables. Fifty-two service users, aged between 18 to 65 years, with experiences of psychosis were recruited for the study. Participants were administered outcome measures examining social rank, external shame, positive symptoms of psychosis, depression and personal recovery. Multiple regression analyses were conducted on the data.Results:Significant correlations were found between all variables. Low social rank was significantly associated with lower reported personal recovery, and higher levels of external shame and depression symptomology. The relationship between external shame and positive symptoms of psychosis and personal recovery was found to be mediated by participants’ level of depression.Conclusion:Findings suggest that social rank and external shame are relevant to those who experience psychosis. Therapeutic approaches may need to focus on perceptions of social rank and external shame in working with experiences of psychosis.
Neuropsychological Testing in Interventional Cardiology Staff after Long-Term Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Marazziti Donatella , Tomaiuolo Francesco , Dell’Osso Liliana , Demi Virginia , Campana Serena , Piccaluga Emanuela , Guagliumi Giulio , Conversano Ciro , Baroni Stefano , Andreassi Maria Grazia , Picano Eugenio
Published: September 2015

This study aimed at comparing neuropsychological test scores in 83 cardiologists and nurses (exposed group, EG) working in the cardiac catheterization laboratory, and 83 control participants (non exposed group, nEG), to explore possible cognitive impairments. The neuropsychological assessment was carried out by means of a battery called “Esame Neuropsicologico Breve.” EG participants showed significantly lower scores on the delayed recall, visual short-term memory, and semantic lexical access ability than the nEG ones. No dose response could be detected. EG participants showed lower memory and verbal fluency performances, as compared with nEG. These reduced skills suggest alterations of some left hemisphere structures that are more exposed to IR in interventional cardiology staff. On the basis of these findings, therefore, head protection would be a mandatory good practice to reduce effects of head exposure to ionizing radiation among invasive cardiology personnel (and among other exposed professionals). (JINS, 2015,21, 670–676)