bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solving integral equations via orthogonal hybrid interpolative RI-type contractions
Authors: Dhanraj Menaha , Gnanaprakasam Arul Joseph , Kumar Santosh
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we initiate the fixed point theorems for an orthogonal hybrid interpolative Riech Istrastescus type contractions map on orthogonal b-metric spaces to modify this class proficiently. Also, we provide some examples supporting our main results. Finally, we provide an application to solve the existence and uniqueness of an integral equation with numeric results, which is powerful in a greater way.
BAG3 as a novel prognostic biomarker in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma correlating with immune infiltrates
Authors: Gong Binghao , Huang Yuan , Wang Zhenting , Wan Bangbei , Zeng Yaohui , Lv Cai
Published: February 2024

Purpose

BCL-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is an anti-apoptotic protein that plays an essential role in the onset and progression of multiple cancer types. However, the clinical significance of BAG3 in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) remains unclear.

Methods

Using Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we explored the expression, prognostic value, and clinical correlations of BAG3 in KIRC. In addition, immunohistochemistry (IHC) of HKH cohort further validated the expression of BAG3 in KIRC and its impact on prognosis. Gene Set Cancer Analysis (GSCA) was utilized to scrutinize the prognostic value of BAG3 methylation. Gene Ontology (GO) term analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to identify potential biological functions of BAG3 in KIRC. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was performed to confirm the correlation between BAG3 expression and immune cell infiltration.

Results

BAG3 mRNA expression and protein expression were significantly downregulated in KIRC tissues compared to normal kidney tissues, associated with adverse clinical–pathological factors and poor clinical prognosis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that low expression of BAG3 was an independent prognostic factor in KIRC patients. GSEA analysis showed that BAG3 is mainly involved in DNA methylation and the immune-related pathways in KIRC. In addition, the expression of BAG3 is closely related to immune cell infiltration and immune cell marker set.

Conclusion

BAG3 might be a potential therapeutic target and valuable prognostic biomarker of KIRC and is closely related to immune cell infiltration.
Prospects of rearing selected southern African swarming insects for animal feed: a review on insect farming and the economic value of edible insects
Authors: Kolobe Sekobane Daniel , Manyelo Tlou Grace , Sebola Nthabiseng Amenda , Malematja Emmanuel , Monnye Mabelebele
Published: February 2024

The potential of insects as animal feed is currently under doubtful spotlight due to the limited number of reared insect species and fewer farm or biotechnological companies producing insects on a large scale for animal feed worldwide. Again, the costs of incorporating reared insects in animal diets as an alternative replacement for expensive conventional protein sources (CPS), mainly fishmeal and soybean meal, remain uncertain due to gradual increase in the sales prices of farmed insects. To date, black soldier fly, yellow mealworm and cricket are the only insect species dominating in the insect farming industry at limited supply. This triggers the need to expand insect farming through the introduction of additional insect species while monitoring the costs of insect-based diets. The commercial rearing of swarming edible insects with a good nutritional profile, such as termites alates (Macrotermes spp.), migratory locusts (Locusta migratoria) and mopane worms (Imbresia belina) found in Southern Africa could potentially become an alternative solution to expand insect farming in addition to the commonly reared insect species. However, there is limited information available on the reproductive ability and economic value of swarming insects as animal feed. Therefore, this paper will provide an overview of the possible rearing of selected swarming insects as well as the profitability of using insect-based diets. It will also give clarity on whether the mass production of edible insects will be cost-effective or not by discussing and comparing recent sales prices of various edible insect as compared to that of CPS in animal diets.
Experimental and Numerical Study on the Behavior of RC Members under Combined Loads
Authors: Kim Sangwoo , Jeong Yeongseok , Kwon Minho , Kim Jinsup
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we present an investigation of the performance of reinforced concrete (RC) columns under combined bending loads and various axial forces using a finite element method (FEM) model developed with the ABAQUS finite element program, verified with actual experimental values. In the experimental study, we applied combined bending loads and various axial forces to four RC members. Two RC members were subjected to vertical cyclic loads using displacement control with 0% axial force, while the other two were tested with vertical cyclic loads, one with 10% axial force, and the other with 20% axial force. The axial force load was applied using a specially designed setup. The experimental results of the RC members include observations of final failure mode, ductility, and axial load–bending moment interaction curves (P–M correlation curves). The experimental study confirmed that as the axial force increased, cracks in the RC columns concentrated at the center of the column. The yield strength increased by 55% when the axial force ratio was 10%, and 106% when the axial force ratio was 20%. The maximum strength increased by 28% with a 10% axial force ratio, and 50% with a 20% axial force ratio. However, ductility tended to decrease as the axial force increased, reducing by 26% with a 10% axial force ratio and 60% with a 20% axial force ratio. The analytical study produced results consistent with the experimental research, showing similar numerical trends. Finally, when comparing theoretical values, experimental results, and analytical results using P–M correlation curves, we found that the experimental value has a safety rate of 18% compared to the theoretical value. The experimental and theoretical result values were similar. Therefore, it has been demonstrated experimentally and analytically that the current design has a safety value of about 18% for the performance of the actual structure.
Sperm function, mitochondrial activity and in vivo fertility are associated to their mitochondrial DNA content in pigs
Authors: Llavanera Marc , Mateo-Otero Yentel , Viñolas-Vergés Estel , Bonet Sergi , Yeste Marc
Published: February 2024

Background

Despite their low abundance in sperm, mitochondria have diverse functions in this cell type, including energy production, signalling and calcium regulation. In humans, sperm mitochondrial DNA content (mtDNAc) has been reported to be negatively linked to sperm function and fertility. Yet, the association between mtDNAc and sperm function in livestock remains unexplored. For this reason, this study aimed to shed some light on the link between mtDNAc and sperm function and fertilising potential in pigs. A qPCR method for mtDNAc quantification was optimised for pig sperm, and the association of this parameter with sperm motility, kinematics, mitochondrial activity, and fertility was subsequently interrogated.

Results

First, the qPCR method was found to be sensitive and efficient for mtDNAc quantification in pig sperm. By using this technique, mtDNAc was observed to be associated to sperm motility, mitochondrial activity and in vivo, but not in vitro, fertility outcomes. Specifically, sperm with low mtDNAc were seen to exhibit greater motility but decreased mitochondrial activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species. Interestingly, samples with lower mtDNAc showed higher conception and farrowing rates, but similar in vitro fertilisation rates and embryo development, when compared to those with greater mtDNAc.

Conclusions

These findings enrich our comprehension of the association of mtDNAc with sperm biology, and lay the foundation for future research into employing this parameter as a molecular predictor for sperm function and fertility in livestock.
Solanidine is a sensitive and specific dietary biomarker for CYP2D6 activity
Authors: Kiiski Johanna I. , Neuvonen Mikko , Kurkela Mika , Hirvensalo Päivi , Hämäläinen Kreetta , Tarkiainen E. Katriina , Sistonen Johanna , Korhonen Mari , Khan Sofia , Orpana Arto , Filppula Anne M. , Lehtonen Marko , Niemi Mikko
Published: February 2024

Background

Individual assessment of CYP enzyme activities can be challenging. Recently, the potato alkaloid solanidine was suggested as a biomarker for CYP2D6 activity. Here, we aimed to characterize the sensitivity and specificity of solanidine as a CYP2D6 biomarker among Finnish volunteers with known CYP2D6 genotypes.

Results

Using non-targeted metabolomics analysis, we identified 9152 metabolite features in the fasting plasma samples of 356 healthy volunteers. Machine learning models suggested strong association between CYP2D6 genotype-based phenotype classes with a metabolite feature identified as solanidine. Plasma solanidine concentration was 1887% higher in genetically poor CYP2D6 metabolizers (gPM) (n = 9; 95% confidence interval 755%, 4515%; P = 1.88 × 10–11), 74% higher in intermediate CYP2D6 metabolizers (gIM) (n = 89; 27%, 138%; P = 6.40 × 10–4), and 35% lower in ultrarapid CYP2D6 metabolizers (gUM) (n = 20; 64%, − 17%; P = 0.151) than in genetically normal CYP2D6 metabolizers (gNM; n = 196). The solanidine metabolites m/z 444 and 430 to solanidine concentration ratios showed even stronger associations with CYP2D6 phenotypes. Furthermore, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic and precision–recall curves for these metabolic ratios showed equal or better performances for identifying the gPM, gIM, and gUM phenotype groups than the other metabolites, their ratios to solanidine, or solanidine alone. In vitro studies with human recombinant CYP enzymes showed that solanidine was metabolized mainly by CYP2D6, with a minor contribution from CYP3A4/5. In human liver microsomes, the CYP2D6 inhibitor paroxetine nearly completely (95%) inhibited the metabolism of solanidine. In a genome-wide association study, several variants near the CYP2D6 gene associated with plasma solanidine metabolite ratios.

Conclusions

These results are in line with earlier studies and further indicate that solanidine and its metabolites are sensitive and specific biomarkers for measuring CYP2D6 activity. Since potato consumption is common worldwide, this biomarker could be useful for evaluating CYP2D6-mediated drug–drug interactions and to improve prediction of CYP2D6 activity in addition to genotyping.
Wastewater-based epidemiology applied at the building-level reveals distinct virome profiles based on the age of the contributing individuals
Authors: Mejías-Molina Cristina , Pico-Tomàs Anna , Martínez-Puchol Sandra , Itarte Marta , Torrell Helena , Canela Núria , Borrego Carles M. , Corominas Lluís , Rusiñol Marta , Bofill-Mas Sílvia
Published: February 2024

Background

Human viruses released into the environment can be detected and characterized in wastewater. The study of wastewater virome offers a consolidated perspective on the circulation of viruses within a population. Because the occurrence and severity of viral infections can vary across a person’s lifetime, studying the virome in wastewater samples contributed by various demographic segments can provide valuable insights into the prevalence of viral infections within these segments. In our study, targeted enrichment sequencing was employed to characterize the human virome in wastewater at a building-level scale. This was accomplished through passive sampling of wastewater in schools, university settings, and nursing homes in two cities in Catalonia. Additionally, sewage from a large urban wastewater treatment plant was analysed to serve as a reference for examining the collective excreted human virome.

Results

The virome obtained from influent wastewater treatment plant samples showcased the combined viral presence from individuals of varying ages, with astroviruses and human bocaviruses being the most prevalent, followed by human adenoviruses, polyomaviruses, and papillomaviruses. Significant variations in the viral profiles were observed among the different types of buildings studied. Mamastrovirus 1 was predominant in school samples, salivirus and human polyomaviruses JC and BK in the university settings while nursing homes showed a more balanced distribution of viral families presenting papillomavirus and picornaviruses and, interestingly, some viruses linked to immunosuppression.

Conclusions

This study shows the utility of building-level wastewater-based epidemiology as an effective tool for monitoring the presence of viruses circulating within specific age groups. It provides valuable insights for public health monitoring and epidemiological studies.
Land use drives differential resource selection by African elephants in the Greater Mara Ecosystem, Kenya
Authors: Wall Jake , Hahn Nathan , Carroll Sarah , Mwiu Stephen , Goss Marc , Sairowua Wilson , Tiedeman Kate , Kiambi Sospeter , Omondi Patrick , Douglas-Hamilton Iain , Wittemyer George
Published: February 2024

Understanding drivers of space use by African elephants is critical to their conservation and management, particularly given their large home-ranges, extensive resource requirements, ecological role as ecosystem engineers, involvement in human-elephant conflict and as a target species for ivory poaching. In this study we investigated resource selection by elephants inhabiting the Greater Mara Ecosystem in Southwestern Kenya in relation to three distinct but spatially contiguous management zones: (i) the government protected Maasai Mara National Reserve (ii) community-owned wildlife conservancies, and (iii) elephant range outside any formal wildlife protected area. We combined GPS tracking data from 49 elephants with spatial covariate information to compare elephant selection across these management zones using a hierarchical Bayesian framework, providing insight regarding how human activities structure elephant spatial behavior. We also contrasted differences in selection by zone across several data strata: sex, season and time-of-day. Our results showed that the strongest selection by elephants was for closed-canopy forest and the strongest avoidance was for open-cover, but that selection behavior varied significantly by management zone and selection for cover was accentuated in human-dominated areas. When contrasting selection parameters according to strata, variability in selection parameter values reduced along a protection gradient whereby elephants tended to behave more similarly (limited plasticity) in the human dominated, unprotected zone and more variably (greater plasticity) in the protected reserve. However, avoidance of slope was consistent across all zones. Differences in selection behavior was greatest between sexes, followed by time-of-day, then management zone and finally season (where seasonal selection showed the least differentiation of the contrasts assessed). By contrasting selection coefficients across strata, our analysis quantifies behavioural switching related to human presence and impact displayed by a cognitively advanced megaherbivore. Our study broadens the knowledge base about the movement ecology of African elephants and builds our capacity for both management and conservation.
A novel approach for detecting deep fake videos using graph neural network
Authors: El-Gayar M. M. , Abouhawwash Mohamed , Askar S. S. , Sweidan Sara
Published: February 2024

Deep fake technology has emerged as a double-edged sword in the digital world. While it holds potential for legitimate uses, it can also be exploited to manipulate video content, causing severe social and security concerns. The research gap lies in the fact that traditional deep fake detection methods, such as visual quality analysis or inconsistency detection, need help to keep up with the rapidly advancing technology used to create deep fakes. That means there's a need for more sophisticated detection techniques. This paper introduces an enhanced approach for detecting deep fake videos using graph neural network (GNN). The proposed method splits the detection process into two phases: a mini-batch graph convolution network stream four-block CNN stream comprising Convolution, Batch Normalization, and Activation function. The final step is a flattening operation, which is essential for connecting the convolutional layers to the dense layer. The fusion of these two phases is performed using three different fusion networks: FuNet-A (additive fusion), FuNet-M (element-wise multiplicative fusion), and FuNet-C (concatenation fusion). The paper further evaluates the proposed model on different datasets, where it achieved an impressive training and validation accuracy of 99.3% after 30 epochs.
Return migration and embedding: through the lens of Brexit as an unsettling event
Authors: Grabowska Izabela , Ryan Louise
Published: February 2024

This introductory paper, reflecting the Thematic Cluster of four papers, brings together two themes that are important for migration studies: return migration and embedding. Beyond any simplistic assumptions of settlement and permanent integration back into the origin country, following return, or notions of ongoing unfettered mobility back and forth over time, this article knits together data from the cluster papers, focusing on Lithuania and Poland, to explore factors that lead to return, or indeed non-return, and subsequent experiences in the ‘home’ country for those who do return. Moreover, using mixed methods, including longitudinal research, we advance a theoretical framework facilitating an examination of how returnees negotiate their lives in the origin society and whether they intend to stay, or migrate again, through the conceptual lens of embedding. While emphasising agency and effort, embedding also recognises structural constraints that may impede migrants’ expectations and aspirations. Hence, return migration may involve parallel processes of re-embedding but also experiences of dis-embedding as the hoped for return project encounters unexpected obstacles and may result in further migration. In mapping the field of return migration, through the concept of embedding, we focus on the impact of Brexit as ‘an unsettling event’.
The association between body mass index and abdominal obesity with hypertension among South Asian population: findings from nationally representative surveys
Authors: Gupta Rajat Das , Parray Ateeb Ahmad , Kothadia Rohan Jay , Pulock Orindom Shing , Pinky Susmita Dey , Haider Shams Shabab , Akonde Maxwell , Haider Mohammad Rifat
Published: February 2024

Objective

This study aimed to determine the association between body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity with hypertension among the South Asian adults (18–69 years).

Methods

This study utilized the nationally representative WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance data (n = 24,413) from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Hypertension was defined as having a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher, a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or higher, and/or taking antihypertensive medications. A waist circumference ≥ 90 cm in men and ≥ 80 cm in women was considered as abdominal obesity. BMI was categorized according to Asia-specific cutoff and overweight was defined as BMI of 23.0–27.5 kg/m2 and obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m2. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the association between BMI and abdominal obesity with hypertension. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported.

Results

Abdominal obesity increased the odds of hypertension 31%-105% compared to those who did not have abdominal obesity (OR: Afghanistan: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.27–3.31; Bangladesh: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.18–2.04; Bhutan: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.03–1.66; Nepal: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.31–2.18; Sri Lanka:1.55; 95% CI: 1.23–1.95). The odds increased among participants with both overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity. In all five countries under study, participants with both overweight and abdominal obesity (OR: Afghanistan: 2.75; 95% CI: 1.75–4.34; Bangladesh: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.90–3.37; Bhutan: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.64–3.00; Nepal: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.54–2.81; Sri Lanka: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.77–2.98), as well as those with obesity and abdominal obesity (OR: Afghanistan: 6.94; 95% CI: 4.68–10.30; Bangladesh: 2.95; 95% CI: 2.19–3.97; Bhutan: 3.02; 95% CI: 2.23–4.09; Nepal: 4.40; 95% CI: 3.05–6.34; Sri Lanka: 3.96; 95% CI: 2.94–5.32), exhibited higher odds of having hypertension as compared to participants with a normal BMI and no abdominal obesity.

Conclusion

Having both abdominal obesity and overweight/obesity increased the odds of hypertension among South Asian adults. Preventing overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity is necessary for preventing the burden of hypertension in South Asia.

Graphical Abstract
The mediating effect of sleep disturbance on the association between hypertension and depression: a national data analysis
Authors: Latief Kamaluddin , Akyirem Samuel , Sithichoksakulchai Siriluk , Nurrika Dieta , Sujarwadi Mokh. , Hasan Faizul
Published: February 2024

Background

Sleep disturbance is a common among people with hypertension. However, the mediating role of sleep disturbance in the association between hypertension and depression remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of sleep disturbance in the association between hypertension and depression.

Materials and methods

This was cross-sectional study. The data were derived from the Indonesian Family Life Survey Fifth Wave (2014–2015). We include a total of 19,138 adults’ participants with age range from 18 to 65 years old who completed response on the variable of hypertension, sleep disturbance, and depression. The mediating model analysis was processed using the PROCESS macro ins SPSS from Hayes model.

Results

Depression was reported by 22% of total respondents. The group with hypertension showed a substantially higher prevalence of depression than non-hypertension group (P < 0.001). Hypertension had a significant overall effect on depression (β = 0.682; 95%CI 0.489 to 0.875, P < 0.001). The direct effect of hypertension on depression was significant (β = 0.418; 95%CI 0.244 to 0.592, P < 0.001) and the indirect effect that mediated by sleep disturbance was also significant (β = 0.264, 95%CI 0.174 to 0.356, P < 0.001). It is worth noting that sleep disturbance partially mediated the association between hypertension and depression.

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicated that sleep disturbance contributed to the etiology of depression and hypertension in adult populations. Nurses should be involved in managing sleep disturbances, such as using behavioral therapy, as it may serve as both a treatment and primary prevention measure for depression and hypertension.

Graphical Abstract
In vitro bioactivities and gastrointestinal simulation validate ethnomedicinal efficacy of five fermented kodo-based Himalayan traditional drinks and bioaccessibility of bioactive components
Authors: Majumder Soumya , Ghosh Arindam , Saha Sumedha , Acharyya Sukanya , Chakraborty Sourav , Subba Preeti , Nandi Sudeshna , Sarkar Sahadeb , Bhattacharya Malay
Published: February 2024

Tongba, chhyang, nigar and raksi are popular traditional drinks served in Nepal, northern and north eastern part of India and Tibetan plateau which are claimed as medicinal and considered as elements of high altitude ethnopharmacology. In this research, kodo (finger millet) based traditional beverages such as tongba, chhyang, nigar and raksi samples, collected from Singalila ridge of the Himalayas, were analysed through various qualitative and quantitative biochemical parameters. Total phenolic content (gallic acid equivalent) was estimated in a varied range from 936.26 ± 6.87 µg/mL (nigar) to 96.36 ± 1.22 µg/mL (chimphing raksi) while highest free fatty acid was measured in khokim raksi (2.11%). Antioxidant activity was evaluated using in vitro assays (DPPH assay, iodometric assay and in vitro anti-lipid peroxidation assay); antibacterial assay was conducted using well diffusion method. Tongba was found to be the most potential sample in antioxidant assays with a DPPH scavenging value of 85.31 ± 1.54% while nigar was the sample with most promising antibacterial activity. Furthermore, special emphasis was given on GC-MS based metabolite profiling and metabolomic elucidation. Responsible candidates detected by GC-MS analysis were discussed to correlate results of preliminary biochemical screenings and in vitro bioactivities. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion was carried out to figure out bioaccessibility of the bioactive groups of compounds in simulated human GI tract where DPPH assay, total phenol content and lipid composition (acid value) were considered as parameters. Most of the bioavailable bioactive antioxidants and phenolics were estimated to be decreased in the gastric phase reflecting the highest rate of digestion in the stomach while breakdown of lipid composition was dominated by the intestinal phase. Overall results suggest that antioxidative phenolics and fatty acids from these beverages possess bioactivities in their bioavailable form which may be associated to their ethnomedicinal properties.

Graphical Abstract
An analysis of students’ perceptions of teachers’ questioning in secondary biology classrooms
Authors: Zhang Zhongyan , Chen Xiaoge
Published: February 2024

Secondary students’ perceptions of teachers’ questioning have not been clarified in the literature, but these perspectives are invaluable as they help to make sense of what students notice about teachers’ questioning and enhance teachers’ questioning skills. In this study, eight students from three schools in Xi’an City, aged 12 to 16, were interviewed individually with teaching episodes and student drawings used to elicit in-depth perspectives during those interviews. The findings indicated that students demonstrated sophisticated and thoughtful reflections on open and closed questions, on how teachers used questions differently in two types of classes, on scenario-based questions that asked them to think from the perspective of a scientist, and on other aspects of teacher questioning. The students expressed a preference for scenario-based questions and valued questioning that demonstrated teacher power and authority less and supported student engagement in knowledge construction. These findings have several important implications for teaching and learning and teachers’ professional development: for example, using students’ views to encourage teachers to think about scenario-based questions.
Risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with multiple myeloma: what is known and directions for future study
Authors: Fu Ting , Chen Yuxiao , Lou Lian , Li Zhihang , Shi Wen , Zhang Xuan , Yang Jian
Published: February 2024

Background

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a prevalent hematological tumor, and recent clinical data have highlighted the significance of atrial fibrillation (AF) as a crucial complication affecting the prognosis of MM. This review aims to consolidate findings from published clinical studies, focusing on the epidemiological characteristics of AF in MM patients and the associated risks arising from MM treatments such as autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, proteasome inhibitors, and immunomodulatory agents.

Main body

While existing data partially demonstrate a strong correlation between MM and AF, further clinical studies are necessary to comprehensively investigate their association. These studies should encompass various aspects, including the risk of AF resulting from MM treatment, the impact of AF-induced embolic events and heart failure on MM prognosis, as well as the influence of AF management methods like catheter ablation or left atrial appendage closure on MM prognosis.

Conclusions

The supplementation of future data will provide more precise guidance for managing MM patients. By incorporating information regarding AF risk associated with MM treatment and examining the effects of AF management strategies on MM prognosis, healthcare professionals can enhance their decision-making process when caring for individuals with MM.
Eligibility for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a cohort of children with sickle cell disease: a single-center report
Authors: Salama Khaled , Allam Asmaa F. , Selim Yasmeen M. M.
Published: February 2024

Background

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), is the only currently available curative option for SCD. Yet, the eligibility of SCD patients for HSCT is always limited by the significant associated toxicity and lack of suitable donors. At Cairo University’s pediatric hematology outpatient clinic, we aimed to determine hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) candidates among a sickle cell disease (SCD) cohort, estimate the number of possible donors, and analyze the differences between patients with and without an HSCT indication.

Methods

This study was a cross-sectional analytic study including 128 SCD children. Their demographic, clinical, and laboratory profiles, total number, and number of siblings with SCD were obtained from their medical records.

Results

Sixty-nine (53.9%) had at least one HSCT indication. Recurrent severe pain episodes despite hydroxyurea were the most common indication. Hemoglobin was lower, while reticulocyte count, serum ferritin, and aspartate aminotransferase were higher in HSCT candidates (p value < 0.001). Additionally, the prevalence of splenomegaly, the dose of hydroxyurea, and the number of transfusions were noticeably higher in HSCT candidates (p value = 0.013, 0.005, and < 0.0001 respectively). Among those indicated for HSCT; 75.3% had at least one healthy sibling who might be a potential donor.

Conclusion

More than half were eligible for HSCT which should always be considered to provide a possible cure for the disease. Of the transplantation-eligible cases, about two-thirds had at least one healthy sibling who might potentially serve as a donor. Those meeting the requirements for HSCT eligibility should routinely undergo human leukocyte antigen (HLA) testing of their unaffected siblings.
The inter-relationship of the triad: osteoporosis, fracture risk, and obesity—a longitudinal multicenter analysis by the Egyptian Academy of Bone Health
Authors: El Miedany Yasser , El Gaafary Maha , Mahran Safaa , Gadallah Naglaa , Azim Atef Abdel , Hassan Waleed , Abu-Zaid Mohammed Hassan , Shalaby Radwa H. , Tabra Samar abd Alhamed , Elwakil Walaa
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To assess the relationship between the triad of obesity, fracture risk factors, and osteoporosis and its impact on fragility fractures.

Results

Osteoporosis was least prevalent (p < 0.001) among the obese patients in comparison to overweight and normal body mass index patients. On the other hand, history of risk of falling as well as history of fall(s) in the last year, sarcopenia, and functional disability were significantly more prevalent (< 0.01, 0.05, and 0.05 respectively) among the obese patient cohort.

Conclusion

Obesity was found to be associated with higher bone mineral density of the hip, lumbar spine, and distal forearm. This was significantly different in post-menopausal women, but not in men. Covariates such as sarcopenia, falls risk, and functional disability play an important factor in making the patient at high risk and prone to develop a fragility fracture.
Estimating the impact on maize production by the weed
Parthenium hysterophorus
in Pakistan
Authors: Naderi Ruhollah , Ali Kazam , Rehman Abdul , Rasmann Sergio , Weyl Philip
Published: February 2024

Parthenium hysterophorus
L. (Asteraceae) is an aggressive annual herbaceous weed which causes severe yield losses on a global scale. However, the precise impact of this weed in several countries is not yet known. To assess the impact of
P
.
hysterophorus
on maize crop losses in Pakistan, a 2 year field experiment was carried out at the CABI Rawalpindi campus in 2019 and 2020. Yield was measured on maize plants planted along with different densities (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 plants per m
2
) of
P
.
hysterophorus
. The trial was laid in a randomized complete block design with five replicates per density each year. The highest maize seed yield was obtained in weed-free plots (4256.5 ± 118 kg ha
−1
), while maize yield at weed infestation levels of 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 plants m
−2
was reduced by 14, 22, 29, 38 and 46%, respectively, compared to weed free plots. In the light of these findings, to reduce yield losses to non-significant levels it is proposed to reduce
P
.
hysterophorus
densities below 2 plants per m
2
in maize fields.
Prevalence and predictors of insomnia and its treatment-seeking among older adults in India
Authors: Pradhan Manas Ranjan , Saikia Daisy
Published: February 2024

Background

Insomnia is a serious health problem among older adults and, if untreated, is linked to a high morbidity rate and decreased quality of life. There is limited empirical evidence on Insomnia and its treatment-seeking exclusively among older adults (60 plus years) using representative data in India. This study assesses the prevalence and predictors of Insomnia and its treatment-seeking among older adults.

Methods

Data gathered through the nationally-representative Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI); Wave 1 (2017-18) was used for the analysis. Specifically, information from older adults aged 60 and above for whom complete information on insomnia was available (n- 31,464) was considered for the analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to check the adjusted effects of insomnia’s socio-demographic and economic predictors and its treatment-seeking status. Stata was used for the data analysis with a 5% significance level.

Results

37% of older adults had insomnia. Increasing age, female gender, living without a spouse, illiteracy, chronic health conditions, nutritionally underweight, physically inactive status, lack of exposure to mass media, Hindu religion, non-tribal status, and rural residence were significantly associated with insomnia. 3% of older adults sought treatment for insomnia. Not seeking treatment for insomnia was associated with male gender, exposure to mass media, physical activity, lack of chronic health issues, tribal status, living in a rural area, and being economically disadvantaged.

Conclusions

A sizable number of older adults have insomnia, and the prevalence varies by their socioeconomic, demographic, and health status. Many modifiable risk factors like low education, chronic health conditions, smoking, being underweight, physical inactivity, and lack of exposure to mass media are identified. Treatment-seeking for Insomnia is further inadequate, enhancing the older adult’s vulnerability to various morbidities. Policy and program intervention to raise awareness about insomnia, including early identification and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, will ensure better health and welfare of older adults. Estimations are based on self-report questionnaires; therefore, the possibility of recall bias and under-reporting cannot be ignored. Moreover, the estimation of insomnia may vary depending on various clinical definitions. However, a large sample size from a recent nationally representative survey with a robust sampling design is the strength of this study.
Prestack sparse envelope seismic inversion method adopting the L0−L2-norm regularization
Authors: Yang Sen , Wu Guochen , Shan Junzhen , Liu Hongying
Published: February 2024

The high drilling costs limit the possibility of obtaining reliable low-frequency constrained models in marine environments or areas with sparse well-log data, making it difficult to constrain lateral continuity and deep data. To enhance stability and accuracy in prestack seismic inversion in these areas, an elastic parameter estimation approach using sparse envelope inversion with [Formula: see text]-norm regularization is proposed. The method combines signal sparse representation and modulation theories to derive a new formula for sparse envelope extraction at lower frequencies. By applying [Formula: see text]-norm regularization to the sparse envelope, we obtain parameter inversion results with smoothed trends, augmenting low-wavenumber information for improved model constraints. In addition, taking the envelope inversion results obtained by the [Formula: see text] norm as the model constraint, the sparsest inversion results with obvious block-like characteristics are obtained by regularizing the inversion equation with the [Formula: see text] norm. Notably, the new method effectively suppresses wavelet side lobes, resulting in stable and accurate inversions without the need for initial low-frequency models. A synthetic example is used to illustrate the feasibility and stability of proposed approach and further demonstrate its practicality in reservoir parameter estimation through a field case study of gas exploration.
DEEP REFLECTION SEISMIC DATA FOR IMPROVED IMAGING OF CRUST STRUCTURE: 2D CASE STUDY OF THE SOUTHWEST SUB-BASIN IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA
Authors: Liu Yuping , Wang Lijie , Zhang Heng , Lu Yunqian , Li Fuyuan , Jiang Wenbin
Published: February 2024

Seismic imaging of crustal structures becomes difficult in the presence of rough basements or complex bathymetry. Here, we present a 900 km deep seismic reflection profile collected across the Southwest Sub-basin (SWSB) of the South China Sea. By analyzing the types and distinctions of noise and effective signals, we employed deep structure migration techniques to improve crustal structure imaging, wide-line processing to predict 3D space multiples, and F-K domain time-space variable adaptive de-ghosting and different offset stacking to enhance the weak signals reflected from deep strucutures. The imaged continental crustal structure in the Penxi Bank exhibits moderate thinning, down to 15 km, and is intersected by continental-ward low-angle normal faults. Within the limitations of the OBS P-wave velocity model, we detected sub-horizontal lower crustal reflections that may be indicative of a weak lower crust. Two small-scale rollover structures along detachment faults rooted and rafted to the top of these weak lower crust. Based on the presence of narrow continent-ocean transitions(COTs), continental-ward detachment faults, and high lithosphere heat flow, we deduced that the mantle lithosphere breakup occurred earlier than the crust in the SWSB. Moreover, the continent-ocean transitions and oceanic crust domains demonstrate rough basements with numerous faults and approximately 20% diffuse or weak Moho reflections. From the southern COT to the initial oceanic domain, the thickness of the crust gradually reduces to only 3-5 km. This suggests a relatively low magmatic budget and protracted tectonic extension from the continental breakup to the onset of seafloor spreading. Within the oceanic crust domain, the crust thickness ranges from approximately 4-6 km, indicating a thinner oceanic crust than normal crust. Lower crustal reflections with a ridge-ward dipping pattern terminate at the Moho reflections and are partly connected to syn-spreading faults, hinting at their possible generation through syn-spreading faulting.
Introduction to this special section: The future of applied geophysics
Authors: Wilt Michael J. , Li Yaoguo , Weiss Chester J.
Published: February 2024

This issue's special section was inspired by a series of presentations given in 2023 as part of a forum under the same name at the Bay Area Geophysical Society, the Colorado School of Mines, and two special sessions at IMAGE '23. At the heart of the forum is the existential question: How does applied geophysics remain relevant to the rapidly emergent energy transition and its requirement to secure an unprecedented volume of diverse natural resources while steadfastly minimizing the negative environmental impacts of doing so?
An assessment of the role of geophysics in future U.S. geologic carbon storage projects
Authors: Alumbaugh David L. , Correa Julia , Jordan Preston , Petras Brigitte , Chundur Sahchit , Abriel William
Published: February 2024

Geologic carbon storage (GCS) is ramping up worldwide as a viable component of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) projects aimed at reducing greenhouse pollution to limit climate change. GCS may be a growth opportunity for the application of geophysics in reservoir characterization and monitoring. Federal and state government financial incentives are the economic motivators of the CCUS business in the United States, and recent increases in these incentives have triggered a large number of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Class VI permit applications to inject CO2 for GCS. The applications indicate that almost all such projects propose using geophysical technology for monitoring. We assessed the GCS geophysical market in the United States based on an intensive analysis of recently filed Class VI permit applications. The analysis shows that reprocessing of existing seismic data will be the primary geophysical activity for reservoir characterization prior to CO2 injection. For monitoring, verification, and recording of CO2 injection, time-lapse vertical seismic profiling and 3D seismic imaging will be the dominant technologies followed by 2D time-lapse seismic imaging and some nonseismic methods. Passive seismic monitoring is planned for the majority of CCUS projects to reduce the risk of induced seismicity. If assumptions related to the United States meeting its current climate goals by 2050 are met, then geophysical activity will increase over the next 30 years. An estimate of the seismic crew count needed to support the projects suggests that the scale of GCS-related seismic acquisition by 2050 may reach the current level of onshore oil and gas geophysics crews in the United States. While the economic incentives of a regulation-driven market will press for the minimization of geophysical sensing in GCS, there is also the potential for growth in geophysical activity with the development of advanced processing and analysis tools, multiphysics data interpretation, and cost-effective continuous monitoring.
Opportunities for open-source software to accelerate research in applied geophysics
Authors: Heagy Lindsey J. , Kang Seogi , Capriotti Joseph , Fournier Dominique , Cockett Rowan , Oldenburg Douglas W.
Published: February 2024

The potential for open-source software and open-science practices to accelerate research in applied geophysics and thereby contribute to solutions of geoscientific problems impacting society is considered. We provide context on the definition of open source and give a brief history of open-source software in applied geophysics. Drawing from our experience on the SimPEG project, which develops software for simulation and inversion of geophysical data, we provide two examples where research was accelerated because of open-source software. These include the reuse of regularization methods for different geophysical problems (magnetics and time-domain electromagnetics) and the combination of multiple geophysical data types in joint inversions. We also provide an example where research code was repurposed for education and humanitarian projects. Each of these examples was made possible because of the availability of code and the practices adopted by the community of collaborators involved in the project. We conclude with our perspective on how practices adopted by open-source communities that enable collaboration among researchers with different backgrounds, skills, and interests can be applied more broadly in research. This will ultimately increase the use and effectiveness of geophysics in helping solve applied problems.
3D geophysical image translated into photorealistic virtual outcrop geology using generative adversarial networks
Authors: Ramdani Ahmad Ihsan , Perbawa Andika , Bakulin Andrey , Vahrenkamp Volker
Published: February 2024

Outcrop analogues play a pivotal role in resolving meter-scale depositional facies heterogeneity of carbonate strata. Two-dimensional outcrops are insufficient to decipher the 3D heterogeneity of carbonate facies. Near-surface geophysical methods, notably ground-penetrating radar (GPR), can be employed to step into 3D and extend the dimensionality of the outcrops to behind the outcrop. However, interpreting geophysical images requires specific geophysical expertise, often unfamiliar to field geologists who are more familiar with the actual rock than the geophysical data. A novel generative adversarial network (GAN) application is presented that constructs a photorealistic 3D virtual outcrop behind-the-outcrop model. The method combines GPR forward modeling with a conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) and exploits the apparent similarities between outcrop expressions of lithofacies with their radargram counterparts. We exemplified the methodology and applied it to the open-source GPR data acquired from the Late Oxfordian-Early Kimmeridgian Arabian carbonate outcrop. We interpret a 4 km long outcrop photomosaic from a digital outcrop model (DOM) for its lithofacies, populate the DOM with GPR properties, and forward model the synthetic GPR response of these lithofacies. We pair the synthetic GPR with DOM lithofacies and train them using CGAN. Similarly, we pair the DOM lithofacies with outcrop photos and train them using CGAN. We chain the two trained networks and apply them to construct an approximately 2 km long 2D and an approximately 60 m2 3D volume of photorealistic artificial outcrop model. This model operates in a visual medium familiar to outcrop geologists, providing a complementary instrument to visualize and interpret rock formation instead of geophysical signals. This virtual outcrop replicates the visual character of outcrop-scale lithofacies features, such as the intricate bedding contacts and the outline of reef geobodies.
Seismic Soundoff: How the SEG Foundation makes a difference
Authors: Geary Andrew
Published: February 2024

David Bartel, chair of the SEG Foundation, shares how the nonprofit organization is advancing geophysics research, supporting SEG members, and positively impacting society.
Genetic and Epigenetic Landscape for Drug Development in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Chen Yi , Wang Guiquan , Chen Jingqiao , Wang Congying , Dong Xi , Chang Hsun-Ming , Yuan Shuai , Zhao Yue , Mu Liangshan
Published: February 2024

The treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) faces challenges as all known treatments are merely symptomatic. The US Food and Drug Administration has not approved any drug specifically for treating PCOS. As the significance of genetics and epigenetics rises in drug development, their pivotal insights have greatly enhanced the efficacy and success of drug target discovery and validation, offering promise for guiding the advancement of PCOS treatments. In this context, we outline the genetic and epigenetic advancement in PCOS, which provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of this complex disease. We also delve into the prospective method for harnessing genetic and epigenetic strategies to identify potential drug targets and ensure target safety. Additionally, we shed light on the preliminary evidence and distinctive challenges associated with gene and epigenetic therapies in the context of PCOS.