bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medical Students' Perception of the Educational Environment at Al-Nahda College by using DREEM inventory
Authors: Hamdan Hamdan Z. , Ibrahim Marwa Yassin , Mohamed Rania Hessian , Ali Liza Hassan , Mohamedelhassan Yasir A. , Ahmed Nasreldin Marhoum
Published: December 2019

Background: Educational environment encompasses everything that are found and occurs inside the school of Medicine. It affects the students’ ability to achieve their academic goals, feeling of academic satisfaction and well-being. Assessment of the educational environment of paramount-importance for all stake-holder, administrators and educators in the academic field. The aim of this study to measure the student perception towards the educational environment in Al-Nahda college.Methods: This is an institutional based cross-sectional study conducted in Al-Nahda College between January and February 2018. Study population were 634 medical students. Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire was used as a survey tool for this study. Students’ responses were entered to the computer and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA).Results: A (83.9%) pre-clinical and (16.1%) clinical stage participated in this study from all academic levels. Three hundred and sixty (56.9%) were male students, while the rest were female (43.1%). The overall mean (SD) DREEM score in this study is 130 (34.2), which indicates more positive educational environment than negative. Likewise, students’ perception for teachers, Students’ academic self-perception, Students’ perception of atmosphere and Students’ social self-perception. However, students’ perception for learning shows negative indicator. Students’ female gender have significantly higher mean (SD) overall DREEM score than male students [136 (31.5) Vs. 129 (35.5); P= 0.008], respectively. Female scored higher than male in subclass students’ perception for teachers, Students’ academic self-perception and Students’ social self-perception, [28.8 (7.8) Vs. 27.1 (8.5); P= 0.024]; [22.2 (5.6) Vs. 21.0 (7.2); P= 0.017]; [19.8 (4.9) Vs. 18.8 (5.4); P= 0.019], respectively.Conclusions: The educational environment is perceived positive in Al-Nahda College. Four out of five inventory subscale were perceived positive, while only students’ perception of learning sub-scale was perceived negative. Female students and non-Sudanese students perceived the educational environment better than the male students and Sudanese students. The perception of clinical students did not differ from that of pre-clinical students.
Vitamin D status among postmenopausal osteoporotic women: a hospital based cross-sectional study from Northern Sri Lanka.
Authors: Suganthan Navaneethakrishnan , Kumanan Thirunavukarasu , Kesavan Vithegi , Aravinthan Mahalingam , Rajeshkannan Nadarajah
Published: December 2019

Background Vitamin D deficiency is common among post-menopausal women and it is important to treat vitamin D deficiency to prevent falls and fractures in patients with osteoporosis. Few studies examined the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in general population of Sri Lanka but no studies to date done among post-menopausal women with osteoporosis. This is the first study of such kind conducted to evaluate the serum vitamin D levels and factors related to Vitamin D deficiency among postmenopausal women.Methodology Hospital based Cross -sectional study was conducted at the Endocrine Unit, Teaching Hospital from January to December 2018.During the study period 105 postmenopausal women registered for DEXA scan with Endocrine Unit were recruited to the study. Data collection was done by investigators and blood sample was taken from each participant by registered nursing officers and sample was analysed by using immunohistochemistry assays. Serum Vitamin D levels were categorized and data analysis was done using SPSS 26.Results Mean age of 105 postmenopausal women was 67.7 with minimum 33 and maximum 84 years. Mean Vitamin D levels were 27.5(range11.7-52.5ng/ml). Vitamin D levels were adequate in only 36.2% (95%CI: 27.4-45.7) of women, 44% had insufficient levels and deficiency was present in 19% (95%CI: 12.4-27.4) of participants. Among the 105 women 20% were vegetarian and 53% of them consuming milk on average 3 days per week, 76.2% consuming fish on average 2 days per week, 64.8% consuming egg on average 1 day per week. Furthermore seventy five participants (71.4%) reported adequate level of sun exposure (>30minutes).Commonly reported vitamin deficiency symptoms includes paraesthesia (57.1%),bone pain (55.2%), easy fatigability (54.3%), malaise (51.4%), muscle cramps (43.8%) and proximal myopathy (40.0%).Among 71(66.7%) completed bone density assessment,38% (27.3-49.7) of them showed osteoporosis range. Vertebral Z score showed a significant correlation with vitamin D level(r-0.252, P-0.034).Conclusion Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is relatively high among the post-menopausal women with a provisional diagnosis of osteoporosis. It is essential to correct vitamin D deficiency with supplementation when initiating treatment for osteoporosis. So vitamin D testing is desirable in decision making to treat or not to treat.
An efficient method to reduce grain angle influence on NIR spectra for predicting extractives content from heartwood stem cores of T. sinensis
Authors: Li Yanjie , Dong Xin , Sun Yang , Liu Jun , Jiang Jingmin
Published: December 2019

BackgroundA fast and reliable non-destructive method for qualifying the content of extracts content (EC) in heartwood of T. sinensis cores is needed in the breeding program for studying the genetically infect on EC. However, the affecting of grain angle on near infrared (NIR) spectra prediction model for EC is unclear. In this study, NIR spectra were collected both from cross section and radial section of wood core samples in order to predict the EC in heartwood.ResultsThe effect of grain angle on calibration EC model was studied. Several different spectra pre-processing methods were tested for calibration. It was found that standard normal variation (SNV) followed by 1st derivative yield the best calibration for EC. Grain angle has a significant influence on the predict model for EC when use the whole NIR spectra. However, after using the significant multivariate correlation (sMC) selection of the prior of wavenumbers for EC, the influence of grain angle have been significantly reduced. ConclusionsIt was suggested that NIR spectroscopy could be a promising methods to predict EC in solid wood without the infection of grain angle.
Provider attitudes about childhood tuberculosis prevention in Lesotho: A qualitative study
Authors: Hirsch-Moverman Yael , Mantell Joanne E. , Lebelo Limakatso , Howard Andrea A , Hesseling Anneke , Nachman Sharon , Frederix Koen , Maama Llang B , El-Sadr Wafaa M
Published: December 2019

Background: One million children developed tuberculosis in 2016, and at least 250,000 children died from TB. Implementation of effective child contact management is an important strategy to prevent childhood tuberculosis, but these practices often are not prioritized or implemented, particularly in low and middle income countries. Objective: To explore attitudes of healthcare providers toward tuberculosis prevention and perceived facilitators and challenges to child contact management in Lesotho, a high TB burden country.Design: Qualitative data were collected via group and individual in-depth interviews with 12 healthcare providers at five health facilities in one district, and analyzed using a thematic framework.Findings: Providers identified facilitators and challenges to a successful childhood tuberculosis prevention program. Facilitators included: provider understanding of the importance of tuberculosis prevention, and enhanced provider training on child contact management. Challenges included: (1) access to care, (2) supply-chain issues, (3) identification and screening of child contacts, and (4) adherence to isoniazid preventive therapy.Conclusions: Given the significant burden of tuberculosis morbidity and mortality in young children, prioritization of child contact management is imperative and should include enhanced provider training and mentorship, and strategies to eliminate challenges, including improved access to services, more efficient community screening using standardized tools, and delivery of intensive community health education about the importance of tuberculosis prevention.
Community based programs to improve the oral health of Australian Indigenous adolescents: A systematic review and recommendations to guide future strategies.
Authors: Gwynn Josephine , Skinner John , Dimitropoulos Yvonne , Masoe Angela , Rambaldini Boe , Christie Vita , Sohn Woosung , Gwynne Kylie
Published: December 2019

Background To review the international literature on community-based interventions aiming to improve the oral health of Indigenous adolescents and identify which demonstrate a positive impact.Methods Data sources were MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, the COCHRANE library and the Australian Indigenous Health Info Net. Articles were included where they: were published in English from 1990 onwards; described oral health outcomes for Indigenous adolescents aged 10 to 19 years; implemented a community based oral health intervention. The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies from the Effective Public Health Practice Project was applied.Results Nine studies met inclusion criteria; two rated strong in quality; only one study was conducted with an urban community; five reported moderate community engagement. Five intervention strategies were identified, and schools were the most common setting reported. Statistically significant improvements were described in eight studies with the most frequently reported outcome being change in decayed missing or filled teeth.Conclusions Few good quality peer reviewed international studies of community-based oral health interventions which address the needs of Indigenous adolescents exist. Studies must include strong Indigenous community leadership and governance at all stages of the research, adopt participatory action-based research approaches, and are required in urban communities.Registration The PRISMA checklist of items to include when reporting a systematic review were followed and this review was registered with the PROSPERO register (number: CRD42018084673).
Physiological Response of Cape Gooseberry Seedlings to Two Organic Additives and Their Mixture under Inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali
Authors: Chaves-Gómez José Luis , Cotes-Prado Alba Marina , Gómez-Caro Sandra , Restrepo-Díaz Hermann
Published: December 2019

Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali is the most limiting disease in cape gooseberry crops. The use of natural products such as organic additives is a promising alternative for management of this disease. The present study sought to evaluate the physiological response of cape gooseberry plants infected with this pathogen and treated with the organic additives chitosan, burned rice husks, or their mixture. The test was conducted under greenhouse conditions and soil was inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. physali strain Map5. Chitosan was applied to seeds and seedlings at the time of transplantation, whereas burned rice husk was incorporated into the soil in a 1:3 ratio. Plants inoculated and not inoculated with the pathogen were used as controls. The following variables were evaluated: area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), leaf water potential, stomatal conductance (gS), leaf area (LA), dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic pigment contents, proline synthesis, and lipid peroxidation estimation [malondialdehyde (MDA)]. The results showed that cape gooseberry plants with vascular wilt and treated with chitosan had higher gS, leaf water potential, LA, dry matter accumulation, and proline content values. In addition, the levels of vascular wilt severity decreased in comparison with pathogen-inoculated controls. The results suggest that chitosan applications on cape gooseberry plants may be considered as an alternative in the integrated management of the disease in producing areas, because they can mitigate the negative effect of the pathogen on plant physiology.
Impacts of Vaccinium arboreum Rootstocks on Vegetative Growth and Yield in Two Southern Highbush Blueberry Cultivars
Authors: Darnell Rebecca L. , Williamson Jeffrey G. , Bayo Deanna C. , Harmon Philip F.
Published: December 2019

Vaccinium arboreum Marsh is a small tree adapted to low-organic matter soils and is one of the few ericaceous species that tolerates soil pH greater than 6.0. It has a deep root system and is more drought tolerant than cultivated blueberry. The use of V. arboreum as a rootstock for commercial blueberry production has been studied previously in young blueberry plantings. The objective of the current study was to expand on earlier work and evaluate growth, productivity, and tolerance to bacterial leaf scorch (Xylella fastidiosa) in established plantings of own-rooted vs. grafted southern highbush blueberry (SHB). Two field plantings of grafted and own-rooted ‘Meadowlark’ and ‘Farthing’ SHB were established in May 2011: one at the University of Florida–Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF-IFAS) Plant Science Research and Education Unit in Citra, FL, and the other at a commercial blueberry farm in Archer, FL. At both sites, four rootstock–scion combinations were grown in either pine bark-amended or nonamended soil. Canopy volume was greater in grafted compared with own-rooted ‘Meadowlark’ at both locations throughout the 4 years of the study (2015–18), whereas canopy volume in ‘Farthing’ was not consistently different. For both cultivars and both locations, canopy volume was greater on amended compared with nonamended soil. Although canopy growth was not consistently increased in the grafted compared with own-rooted plants, yield was greater in grafted plants of both cultivars at both locations. Cumulative yield over the 4 years was similar between grafted plants grown on both amended and nonamended soil, and was significantly greater than yield of own-rooted plants on nonamended soil, suggesting the use of this rootstock may decrease the requirement for pine bark amendment. In general, grafted plants produced larger berries, with no negative impacts on fruit soluble solids, titratable acidity, or firmness. ‘Meadowlark’—an SHB cultivar that exhibits high sensitivity to bacterial leaf scorch—displayed decreased development of bacterial leaf scorch symptoms when grafted onto V. arboreum compared with own-rooted plants. These results indicate the potential benefits of grafting SHB onto V. arboreum rootstock, particularly under marginal soil conditions. However, a complete economic analysis that also takes into account any differences in longevity between the two systems must be done to determine whether the benefits of using grafting are feasible financially for the grower.
Utilizing Branched-chain Amino Acids for Increasing Shoot Density and Establishment Rate in Creeping Bentgrass
Authors: Mertz Isaac T. , Christians Nick E. , Thoms Adam W.
Published: December 2019

The branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine (L), isoleucine (IL), and valine (V) are synthesized in plants and are essential to growth in most organisms. These compounds can be absorbed by the plant when foliarly applied, but plant catabolism of BCAA is not completely understood. A recent study observed that BCAA applied in a 2:1:1 or 4:1:1 ratio (L:IL:V) increased creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) shoot density compared with applications of equal urea nitrogen (N) at 3.03 lb/acre N. The present study investigated whether those increases could translate to a quicker establishment rate of creeping bentgrass grown from seed in standard greenhouse pots. The BCAA applications were compared with equal N applications using urea and a commercially available amino acid product. All N treatments were applied at 3.03 lb/acre N, per application and applied a total of four times on a 14-day interval starting 14 days after seeding. Measurements included final shoot density counts and root and shoot weights, as well as digital image analysis of percent green cover for each greenhouse pot every 7 days. No differences were observed after 70 days in shoot weight, or percent green cover between BCAA treatments and urea; however, BCAA 2:1:1 and 4:1:1 increased shoot density 21% and 30%, respectively, compared with urea, and were equal to the commercially available amino acid product. Applications of BCAA 4:1:1 also increased creeping bentgrass rooting weight by a factor of 7 compared with urea N.
Outcrossing Rate and Genetic Variability in Mexican Race Avocado
Authors: Sánchez-González Enrique I. , Gutiérrez-Díez Adriana , Mayek-Pérez Netzahualcóyotl
Published: December 2019

The blooming behavior of the avocado Persea americana Mill. is a sophisticated mechanism that prevents effective self-pollination, enables close pollination, and encourages cross-pollination. However, there is no information on outcrossing rate among Mexican race avocado genotypes (P. americana var. drymifolia Schltdl. & Cham.). Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the outcrossing rate and genetic variability in progenies of Mexican race avocado genotypes by simple sequence repeat (SSR) and intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. SSR marker analysis showed a considerable genetic differentiation among avocado families [total expected heterozygosity (He) = 0.540], whereas the total heterozygosity value observed (Ho = 0.098) showed the presence of genetic structure per family. The total Nei’s unbiased average heterozygosity (nHe) value found with ISSR markers was 0.482. The results of the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) combining both type of markers showed that genetic variation within avocado families was 58.6%, and among families was 41.6% (P < 0.0001). The outcrossing population rate in P. americana var. drymifolia was 0.774 ± 0.091 (sd), and the ‘Criollo 3’ and ‘Plátano Temprano’ families showed the lowest (–0.083 ± 0.031) and highest (0.814 ± 0.060) outcrossing rates, respectively. Variability in outcrossing rate depends on many factors, including edaphoclimatic, agronomic, and genetic, and needs to be considered to define strategies for the conservation and genetic improvement of outstanding native genotypes. SSR and ISSR markers are useful for estimating genetic variability within and among families of avocado, as well as for determining the outcrossing rates among closely related individuals and with a rather small sample size.
Afetlerde Kentsel Arama ve Kurtarmada Kullanılan Yöntemler ve Güncel Yaklaşımların Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YILMAZ Gürkan , DEMİRÖZ YILDIRIM Sevda
Published: December 2019

Afet;
deprem, tsunami, sel, heyelan, volkan patlaması, kasırga, hortum, uçak
kazaları, tren kazaları, nükleer santral kazaları, patlamalar ve terör
saldırıları gibi çok sayıda insanın yaralanması ve ölümü ile birlikte ciddi
fiziksel tahriplerle sonuçlanan olaylar olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Deprem, terör
saldırısı ve heyelan gibi olaylar sonucunda yapılarda meydana gelen çökmeler
sonrası yıkılmış yapı altında mahsur kalan insan ve hayvanların bulunması için
kentsel arama ve kurtarma çalışmaları önem arz etmektedir. Afetin ilk
saatlerinde kentsel arama ve kurtarma çalışmalarının başlaması mahsur
kalanların canlı olarak çıkarılma oranını arttırmaktadır. İlk 24 saat sonrası
afetzedelerin hayatta olma oranı %50 azalmaktadır. Özellikle depremlerle ilgili
çok sayıda vaka çalışmasından elde edilen verilere göre, afet sonrası hayatta
kalanların %50–95'i depremden sonraki ilk 24-48 saat içinde yerel halk
tarafından kurtarıldığı belirtilmiştir. Fakat molozlar altında sıkışmış ve
erişilmesi zor olan afetzedelere ulaşmada profesyonel ekiplere ihtiyaç
duyulmaktadır. Çökmüş yapı içerisindeki artçı sarsıntılar ve diğer nedenlerden
kaynaklı (molozların kaldırılması veya sabitlenmesi sırasında oluşan çökmeler
ve afetzede yakınlarının enkaz üstünde yakınlarını aramasından kaynaklı
çökmeler vb.) oluşan ikincil çökmeler, tehlikeli kimyasal madde sızıntıları,
gaz kaçakları ve kazazedeye erişimdeki geçiş rotalarının dar olması gibi
olumsuz etkenler kentsel arama ve kurtarma ekiplerinin güvenliğini tehdit eden
unsurlardır. Bu tehditler arama ve kurtarma personelinin kentsel arama kurtarma
çalışmalarında tek başına etkin ve verimli olmasını engellemektedir. Kentsel
arama ve kurtarma çalışmalarında yerel halk ve profesyonel ekipler ile birlikte
köpekler, robotlar, sismik ve akustik (dinleme) cihazlar ve görüntüleme
cihazları gibi aktörler de rol almaktadır. Bu aktörlerin her biri farklı
görevler ile kentsel arama ve kurtarma çalışmalarında etkili ve verimli olarak
kullanılmakla beraber çalışmaların bütünsel olarak yürütülmesini sağlama ve
birbirini tamamlama özelliklerine sahiptir. Bu çalışmada kentsel arama ve
kurtarma çalışmalarında görev alan afet gönüllüleri, profesyonel arama ve
kurtarma personelleri, arama ve kurtarma köpekleri, dinleme ve görüntülü arama
cihazları ile robotların arama ve kurtarma çalışmalarındaki pozisyonları incelenmiştir.
Hydrogenation reactions of carbon on Earth: Linking methane, margarine, and life
Authors: McGlynn Shawn E. , Glass Jennifer B. , Johnson-Finn Kristin , Klein Frieder , Sanden Sebastian A. , Schrenk Matthew O. , Ueno Yuichiro , Vitale-Brovarone Alberto
Published: December 2019

Hydrogenation reactions are a major route of electron and proton flow on Earth. Interfacing geology and organic chemistry, hydrogenations occupy pivotal points in the Earth’s global geochemical cycles. Some examples of hydrogenation reactions on Earth today include the production and consumption of methane in both abiotic and biotic reactions, the reduction of protons in hydrothermal settings, and the biological synthesis and degradation of fatty acids. Hydrogenation reactions were likely important for prebiotic chemistry on the early Earth, and today serve as one of the fundamental reaction classes that enable cellular life to construct biomolecules. An understanding and awareness of hydrogenation reactions is helpful for comprehending the larger web of molecular and material inter-conversions on our planet. In this brief review we detail some important hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions as they relate to geology, biology, industry, and atmospheric chemistry. Such reactions have implications ranging from the suite of reactions on early Earth to industrial applications like the production of hydrocarbon fuel.
Growth and quality of soursop (Annona muricata, L.) seedlings under saline stress and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
Authors: Silva André Alisson Rodrigues da , Veloso Luana Lucas de Sá Almeida , Lima Geovani Soares de , Azevedo Carlos Alberto Vieira de , Gheyi Hans Raj , Soares Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos , Souza Leandro de Pádua , Capitulino Jessica Dayanne
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to evaluate growth and quality of soursop seedlings cv. Morada Nova, as a function of saline water irrigation and exogenous applications of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), under greenhouse conditions. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in 5 x 5 factorial scheme, corresponding to the combination of five levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity – ECw (0.7, 1.4, 2.1, 2.8 and 3.5 dS m-1) and five concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 µM). The results showed that Hydrogen peroxide concentrations were applied by soaking the seed for 24 h and by spraying on all leaves of soursop seedlings. Irrigation water above electrical conductivity of 0.7 dS m-1 negatively affected growth and quality of soursop seedlings cv. Morada Nova. The dry phytomass of root was the most sensitive variable to saline stress. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations of 31 and 100 µM led to highest relative growth rate in leaf area and dry phytomass of leaves and stem, respectively. The quality of soursop seedlings cv. Morada Nova was not compromised by using water with electrical conductivity of 3.5 dS m-1 in irrigation.
First evidence of multiple resistance of Sumatran Fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E.Walker) to five- mode-of-action herbicides
Authors: Pinho Camila Ferreira de , Leal Jessica Ferreira Lourenço , Souza Amanda dos Santos , Oliveira Gabriella Francisco Pereira Borges de , Oliveira Claudia de , Langaro Ana Claudia , Machado Aroldo Ferreira Lopes , Christoffoleti Pedro Jacob , Zobiole Luiz Henrique Saes
Published: December 2019

Herbicide resistance is the evolutionary response of weeds to the selection pressure caused by repeated application of the same active ingredient. It can result from two different mechanisms, known as target site resistance (TSR) and non-target site resistance (NTSR). In addition to single-herbicide resistance, multiple resistance can occur due to herbicides selection or accumulation of resistance genes by cross-pollination. The aim of this research was to investigate the suspect of multiple herbicide resistance of Sumatran Fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E.Walker) to herbicides frequently used as a burndown application. Dose-responses in a whole-plant assay were carried out to investigate multiple-resistance of Sumatran fleabane to paraquat, saflufenacil, diuron, 2,4-D and glyphosate. Results indicated that the resistance index (ratio R/S) based on herbicide rate to cause 50% mortality (LD50) were 25.51, 1.39, 7.29, 1.84 and 7.55 for paraquat, saflufenacil, diuron, 2,4-D and glyphosate, respectively. Based on herbicide rate required to cause a 50% reduction in plant growth (GR50), the resistant index were 51.83, 14.10, 5.05, 3.96 and 32.90 for the same herbicides, respectively. Our results confirmed multiple resistance of Conyza sumatrensis from Paraná-Brazil to herbicides from five-mode of-action. This was the first report of Conyza sumatrensis resistant to 2,4-D and the first case of Conyza sumatrensis presenting multiple resistant to herbicides from five- mode of-action in the world.
NAMIK KEMAL’İN DEVLET KURAMI VE DEVLETİN SÜREKLİLİĞİNİ SAĞLAYACAK YÖNETİM BİÇİMİ
Authors: NAL Sabahattin
Published: December 2019

Osmanlı tarihinin ilk muhalefet hareketi Yeni Osmanlılar’ın en önemli mensuplarından biri olan Namık Kemal'in ele aldığı temel sorun, döneminin hemen tüm aydınları gibi, Osmanlı Devleti'nin içinde bulunduğu gerilemeden nasıl kurtulacağıydı. Bu soruna çözüm ararken Batılı düşünürlerden beslenmiş, Batı devletlerinin yönetim biçimlerini incelemiştir. Araştırmalarından ulaştığı sonuca göre, İbn Haldun'un savının aksine, devletlerin yıkılması bir kader değildir. Devletler doğanın gereklerine uygun yönetilirse sonsuza kadar yaşayabilirler. Doğanın gereklerine uygun yönetimden anladığı ise şeriat üzerine bina edilmiş bir yönetimdir. O, şeriatla doğal hukuk arasında bir ilişki kurmuş, hatta bunların aynı şeyler olduğunu düşünmüştür. Ona göre şeriat ve doğal hukuk, güçler ayrılığına dayanan bir yönetim biçimini gerektirmektedir. Zaten İslam tarihine, Osmanlı tarihine bakılırsa meşveret usulünün geçerli olduğu görülür. Osmanlı Devleti, bu yönetim anlayışından uzaklaştığı, tüm yetki tek elde toplandığı için gerilemiştir. Ona göre bu durumdan kurtulmanın yolu, doğanın gereklerine uygun olan meşruti yönetimden geçmektedir. Böylece Namık Kemal, devletin kurtuluşu ve devamlılığı için aradığı çözümü, Osmanlı’nın mevcut yönetim biçiminde yapılacak değişiklikte bulmuştur. Yaşadığı dönemde Batı’da uygulanan yönetim biçimlerinden esinlenerek, Osmanlı’yı içinde bulunduğu kötü durumdan kurtaracağını düşündüğü, güçler ayrılığı esasına dayanan bir yönetim biçimi geliştirmiştir.
Simultaneous topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy with accelerated collagen cross-linking in the treatment of stage I keratoconus
Authors: Ivanova A. V. , Sklyarova A. S. , Letnikova K. B. , Khandzhyan A. T. , Khodzhabekyan N. V.
Published: December 2019

Purpose: to evaluate the efficiency of simultaneous topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with accelerated collagen cross-linking in the treatment of stage I keratoconus.

Material and methods. 38 patients (49 eyes) aged 18 to 44 with stage I keratoconus were treated with simultaneous topography-guided PRK combined with accelerated corneal collagen crosslinking. Along with standard ophthalmological testing, patients underwent aberrometry, confocal microscopy, optical coherence tomography of the cornea, imaging of the anterior eye section on a Scheimpflug analyzer, and examination of the biomechanical properties of the cornea. The follow-up period was 2 years.

Results. Two years after surgery, uncorrected visual acuity which originally was 0.23 ± 0.03 showed a statistically significant increase and reached 0.72 ± 0.02; best corrected visual acuity improved from 0.44 ± 0.03 to 0.89 ± 0.02; the refractive power of the cornea fell from 45.03 ± 0.28 to 42.55 ± 0.31 D; the spherical component of refraction reduced from -2.00 ± 0.19 to -0.73 ± 0.09 D; the cylinder component reduced from 2.46 ± 0.14 to 0.79 ± 0.07 mm, the thinnest point of the cornea reduced from 486.30 ± 4.78 to 406.80 ± 6.51 μm. The highest order aberrations showed the following results: Coma index reduced from 0.27 ± 0.12 to 0.08 ± 0.07, Tilt reduced from 0.53 ± 0.11 to 0.10 ± 0,09, and Trefoil reduced from 0.13 ± 0.04 to 0.05 ± 0.02.

Conclusion. The analysis of clinical and functional results, biomechanical properties and structures of the cornea confirmed the efficacy and safety of the combined treatment of patients with stage I keratoconus.
NEURITE ÓPTICA COMO MANIFESTAÇÃO DE DOENÇAS DESMIELINIZANTES E A DIFICULDADE DE IDENTIFICAÇÃO CAUSAL: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Ribeiro Guilherme Vieira Borchio , Mol Elis De Oliveira Campos Paiva , Valentim Vinícius Pedro Almeida
Published: December 2019

A neurite óptica é a causa mais comum de perda visual em adultos jovens, tendo em vista este fato, a realização do diagnóstico, além da determinação da causa desta afecção é de grande importância para o manejo clinico da doença. A esclerose múltipla e a neuromielite óptica são as principais causas desmielinizantes desta doença, e a distinção entre ambas se mostra muito difícil. Dentre as demais causas podem ser citadas as inflamatórias infecciosas e inflamatórias autoimunes. Este artigo relata um caso, no qual há o acometimento da paciente por uma neurite óptica de causa desconhecida, sendo assim classificada como idiopática, porém a taxa de conversão de neurite óptica para esclerose múltipla para mulheres foi estimada em 13,9% e para homens em 7,7% e por isso deve ser tratada adequadamente para prevenir uma possível conversão. Pode-se concluir que o desenvolvimento de técnicas diagnósticas como exames laboratoriais e de imagem, juntamente com a utilização de critérios clínicos como o de McDonald e o de Barkhoff, facilitou a realização de tais diagnósticos.
ANÁLISE DO DESENVOLVIMENTO DO CURSO FIC EM INSTALAÇÕES ELÉTRICAS PREDIAIS DO IFRJ CAMPUS SÃO JOÃO DE MERITI
Authors: Santos André Tiago , Miranda Alan Tavares , Barcellos Alexandre Da Silva , Veras Daniel Fernandes da Cunha
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo apresenta algumas reflexões acerca do desenvolvimento do Plano Político do Curso Instalações Elétricas Prediais de Baixa Tensão, modalidade Formação Inicial e Continuada, proposto pelo Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro para a cidade de São João de Meriti. Neste texto, buscou-se analisar quais seriam os conteúdos mais adequados para a formação pretendida em observância não somente aos aspectos técnicos e interdisciplinares, desta forma, buscou-se atender algumas necessidades de formação mais ampla consonantes com os aspectos socioeconômicos do público alvo. Além disso, foram propostas metodologias de ensino para todas as disciplinas que compõem o curso.
Assessment of seasonal and annual rainfall trend in Calabria (southern Italy) with the ITA method
Authors: Caloiero T. , Coscarelli R. , Ferrari E.
Published: December 2019

In this paper, an investigation on the temporal variability of seasonal and annual rainfall in the Calabria region (southern Italy) was carried out using a homogeneous and gap-filled monthly rainfall dataset of 129 rain gauges in the period 1951–2006. In particular, possible trends have been assessed by means of the Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) technique, which allows the identification of a trend in the low, medium and high values of a series. Moreover, the results obtained with the ITA have been compared with the ones obtained with the Mann–Kendall test. These analyses have been performed in five rainfall zones (RZs) of the study area, characterized by different climatic conditions. As a result, both the methods evidenced a negative trend of the annual rainfall in the entire study area. On a seasonal scale, this negative tendency has been confirmed in autumn and winter although with some differences among the several RZs.
Challenges and facilitators of public engagement with water, sanitation, hygiene and other environmental health issues in Ghana and Uganda: perspectives of scientists, journalists and the public
Authors: Appiah Bernard , Poudyal Anubhuti , Anum David A. , Appiah George , Wesuta Andrew Christopher , Akodwaa-Boadi Kofi , Ogodo Ochieng’ , Nakkazi Esther , Mulogo Edgar M. , Odai Samuel Nii
Published: December 2019

Despite many water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH) and other environmental health challenges in sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about interactions involving scientists, journalists and the public to aid public understanding of the relationship between WASH and health. Using purposive sampling, we conducted key informant interviews and focus group discussions with scientists, journalists and members of the public in Ghana and Uganda to identify issues associated with the promotion of public engagement with WASH and other environmental health issues. An inductive thematic analysis was used to explore the evidence, challenges and opportunities of public engagement. The effectiveness of public engagement was constrained by poor interactions between scientists and journalists and limited understanding among the public on WASH and other environmental health issues. Challenges identified included inadequate scientists–journalists collaborations, scientists' lack of time, pressure from media organizations and concerns about journalists' inadequate capacity to communicate environmental issues due to lack of training. Possible solutions included increased interactions, science communication training and using public information officers as knowledge brokers between scientists and journalists to boost public engagement with WASH and other environmental health issues. Our study contributes to the literature on the need to actively engage the public with WASH and other environmental health concerns.
Trends and Opportunities in Health Analytics as a Service and Implications for Use in Low Resource Settings: A Literature Review Abstract (Preprint)
Authors: Bastwadkar Meghana , McGregor Carolyn , Balaji S
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND

This paper presents a systematic literature review of existing remote health monitoring systems with special reference to neonatal intensive care (NICU). Articles on NICU clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) which used cloud computing and big data analytics were surveyed.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to review technologies used to provide NICU CDSS. The literature review highlights the gaps within frameworks providing HAaaS paradigm for big data analytics

METHODS

Literature searches were performed in Google Scholar, IEEE Digital Library, JMIR Medical Informatics, JMIR Human Factors and JMIR mHealth and only English articles published on and after 2015 were included. The overall search strategy was to retrieve articles that included terms that were related to “health analytics” and “as a service” or “internet of things” / ”IoT” and “neonatal intensive care unit” / ”NICU”. Title and abstracts were reviewed to assess relevance.

RESULTS

In total, 17 full papers met all criteria and were selected for full review. Results showed that in most cases bedside medical devices like pulse oximeters have been used as the sensor device. Results revealed a great diversity in data acquisition techniques used however in most cases the same physiological data (heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation) was acquired. Results obtained have shown that in most cases data analytics involved data mining classification techniques, fuzzy logic-NICU decision support systems (DSS) etc where as big data analytics involving Artemis cloud data analysis have used CRISP-TDM and STDM temporal data mining technique to support clinical research studies. In most scenarios both real-time and retrospective analytics have been performed. Results reveal that most of the research study has been performed within small and medium sized urban hospitals so there is wide scope for research within rural and remote hospitals with NICU set ups. Results have shown creating a HAaaS approach where data acquisition and data analytics are not tightly coupled remains an open research area. Reviewed articles have described architecture and base technologies for neonatal health monitoring with an IoT approach.

CONCLUSIONS

The current work supports implementation of the expanded Artemis cloud as a commercial offering to healthcare facilities in Canada and worldwide to provide cloud computing services to critical care. However, no work till date has been completed for low resource setting environment within healthcare facilities in India which results in scope for research. It is observed that all the big data analytics frameworks which have been reviewed in this study have tight coupling of components within the framework, so there is a need for a framework with functional decoupling of components.
Pengaruh Sumber Benih dan Famili Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Mahoni Daun Lebar (Swietenia macrophylla King.) Umur Tujuh Bulan
Authors: Mashudi Mashudi , Susanto Mudji , Baskorowati Liliana
Published: December 2019

Mahoni daun lebar (Swietenia macrophylla King.) merupakan jenis eksotik dari Amerika Latin yang telah ditanam di Indonesia sejak tahun 1870. Jenis ini merupakan pemasok kayu pertukangan yang cukup penting di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh sumber benih dan famili terhadap keragaman pertumbuhan bibit S. macrophylla untuk mendukung kegiatan pemuliaan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari dua faktor, yaitu sumber benih (Banjar-Jabar, Samigaluh – Kulonprogo, Bondowoso-Jatim dan Lombok-NTB) dan famili (35 famili). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sumber benih berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi dan diameter batang, sedangkan famili berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi, diameter batang dan jumlah daun pada umur 7 bulan. Pertumbuhan bibit dengan tinggi terbaik (55,8 cm) berasal dari sumber benih Banjar dan pertumbuhan bibit dengan diameter batang terbaik berasal dari sumber benih Banjar dan Lombok masing-masing sebesar 0,62 cm dan 0,61 cm.Effect of Seed Source and Family on The Growth of (Swietenia macrophylla King.) Seedling at Seven Months Old.AbstractSwietenia macrophylla King. is an exotic species from Latin America which have been planted in Indonesia since 1870. This species is a good wood source for construction timber which is quite important in Indonesia. This study was conducted to determine the effect of seed source and family on S. macrophylla seedling growth which may be useful for supporting breeding program of this species. The seeds were collected from four seed sources: Banjar - West Java, Samigaluh - Kulonprogro, Bondowoso - East Java and Lombok – West Nusa Tenggara. Every seed source consisting of 10 families, except Bondowoso which had 5 families. The study was arranged in a randomized complete design, five seedlings per plot and repeated 5 times for each family. At 7 months old the seed source had significantly influence on height and stem diameter, while the family significantly influence height, stem diameter and the number of leaf. Banjar seed source had the best height growth (55.8 cm), while Banjar and Lombok seed sources had the best stem diameter, respectively 0.62 cm and 0.61 cm.
ARMED CONFLICT IN THE SOUTH-EAST OF UKRAINE: LEGAL QUALIFI-CATIONS AND CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Kremnev Petr P.
Published: December 2019

Unconstitutional change of power in Ukraine as a result of the "Maidan revolution" in February 2014, with the subsequent power grab by Ukrainian radicals of local authorities under nationalist slogans, led to the establishment of control over parts of the territory of Donetsk and Lugansk regions by Donbass militias, and then to the ongoing fighting between the armed formations of the latter with units of the regular armed forces of Ukraine. The purpose of this publication is to establish the form of the armed conflict and its legal consequences from the standpoint of current international law, which has not yet found proper legal analysis and coverage in either domestic or foreign (including Ukrainian) legal doctrinе. In official statements and legislative acts of Ukraine, this conflict is declared as a "state of war with Russia", "aggression of Russia", and the Ukrainian doctrine of international law almost unanimously declares the need to apply to the conflict the norms of international humanitarian law and qualifies it as an international armed conflict. In this publication, on the basis of the analysis of existing international legal norms and legal doctrine, the qualification of existing forms of armed conflicts is carried out: war, international armed conflict, non-international armed conflict, internationalized armed conflict. This examines the legal consequences (or otherwise the obligations of the parties to the conflict) that are caused by each form of such armed conflict, that is concealed and ignored by the Ukrainian side. On the basis of the theoretical and legal analysis of the UN Charter, the relevant provisions of the Geneva conventions on the protection of victims of war of 1949 and Additional protocols I and II of 1977, the author qualifies the situation in the South-East of Ukraine as a non-international armed conflict and the obligation to comply with applicable legal norms by all parties to the conflict. At the same time, the author comes to the conclusion about the insolvency of the claims about the applicability of the rules governing other mentioned forms of armed conflicts.
Isparta Deresi’nin Su Kalitesinin Fizikokimyasal Parametrelere ve Simuliidae Faunasına Göre Belirlenmesi
Authors: Özel Bahadır , Yay Tuba Elif , Tekin Özan Selda
Published: December 2019

Türkçede
“Siyah Sivrisinekler” anlamına gelen Simuliidae, İngilizce “Black fly,
Blackflies ya da Buffalo gnats”, Almanca “Kriebelmücken” ve Rusça “Moshki”
olarak bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Antarktika kıtası dışında dünyanın her
yerinde yayılış gösteren Diptera takımının Nematocera alt takımı içerisinde yer
alan Simuliidae familyasına ait üyelerin Isparta Deresi’ne ne kadar adapte
olduğu ve hangi kesimlerinde ne yoğunlukta bulunduğu bazı fizikokimyasal
parametrelerle ilişkilendirilerek belirlenmiştir.

 

Isparta
ili sınırları içerisinde bulunan Isparta Deresi, Karacaören-1 Baraj Gölü’ne
dökülmektedir. Isparta Deresi üzerinde toplam 6 istasyon belirlenmiş ve
mevsimsel olarak arazi çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Amonyum, nitrit, nitrat, klorür
ve elektriksel iletkenlik değerlerinin 5. ve 6. İstasyonlarda, diğer
istasyonlara göre yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Fizikokimyasal değerlere göre su
kalite sınıfları değerlendirilirken YSKY kullanılmıştır. YSKY’ye göre 1., 2.,
3. ve 4. istasyonların genellikle I. kalite sınıfında, 5. ve 6. istasyonların
ise genellikle II. kalite sınıfında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Simuliidae
familyasına ait türler ile fizikokimyasal parametreler arasındaki pozitif ve
negatif ilişkileri belirlemek için Pearson testi kullanılmış ve istatistiki anlamda
önemli ilişkiler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Saprobi indeksine göre, 5. ve 6.
istasyonların beta-mezosaprobik, diğer istasyonların ise oligosaprobik olduğu
tespit edilmiştir.

 

Simuliidae familyasına
ait Prosimulium, Metacnephia ve Simulium cinslerine rastlanmıştır. En
fazla tür Simulium cinsinde
görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, Prosimulium
rufipes, Prosimulium sp., Metacnephia
sp., Simulium angustipes, S. auricoma, S.
bezzii, S. costatum, S. ornatum, S. pseudequinum, S. trifasciatum, S.
variegatum ve Simulium sp. taksonları
belirlenmiştir. En baskın taksonun Simulium
sp. olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada belirlenen taksonların istasyonlar
açısından farklılığını ya da benzerliğini ortaya koymak için Sørensen benzerlik
ve Margalef çeşitlilik analizleri yapılmıştır.
Abant Gölü’nde Biyolojik Kalite Elementlerinden Sucul Makrofitler
Authors: Coşkun Tolga , Demir Ayşe Nilsun
Published: December 2019

Bu
çalışmada, Abant Gölü’nde sucul makrofitlere göre ekolojik kalitenin tahmin
edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Makrofitler, 6 istasyonda Nisan, Haziran, Eylül ve
Aralık 2015 tarihlerinde incelenmiştir. Gölün litorali kısmen Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex
Steud, Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.)
Palla türlerinin oluşturduğu bir kemer ile çevrilidir. Yüzen yapraklı
makrofitlerden Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm.
ve Nymphaea alba (L.) komüniteleri
bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca gölde Potamogeton natans (L.),
Myriophyllum spicatum (L.), Lemna minor (L.), Juncus articulatus (L.)
ve M. verticillatum (L.) türleri belirlenmiştir. Gölde P. australis, S. lacustris, N. lutea ve N. alba türlerinin dağılımı yaz ve
sonbahar dönemlerinde artış göstermiştir. PCA analizine göre makrofit
bolluğunun, su sıcaklığı, çözünmüş oksijen, iletkenlik, alkalinite, pH, askıda
katı madde, ortofosfat ve toplam fosfor derişimi ile ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Abant Gölü’nde makrofit indeksi 2,57 Referans İndekse göre hesaplanan Ekolojik
Kalite Oranı ise 0,52 olarak belirlenmiştir. Buna göre Abant Gölü’nde ekolojik
kalitenin iyi ve besin zenginleşmesinin
orta olduğu tahmin edilmiştir.
Retratos e memórias: valorização da história e patrimônio cultural de Formosa do Sul/SC
Authors: Onghero André Luiz , Frigo Daiane , Carbonera Mirian
Published: December 2019

Este artigo procura analisar a experiência de valorização da história e do patrimônio cultural desenvolvida em Formosa do Sul, Oeste de Santa Catarina, a partir do projeto de pesquisa e extensão “Patrimônio-Escola-Comunidade Formosa do Sul”, realizado pelo Centro de Memória do Oeste de Santa Catarina (CEOM/Unochapecó) entre os anos de 2010 e 2012. Mais do que apresentar os objetivos e resultados do projeto, este artigo busca evidenciar os desdobramentos, no âmbito cultural, ocorridos no município, incluindo a criação de um museu municipal, desenvolvimento de projetos culturais e a implantação do Sistema Municipal de Cultura.
Ir para melhorar de vida: estratégias e trajetórias da migração de famílias rurais da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais
Authors: Doula Sheila Maria , Andrade Marco Paulo , Ribeiro Isadora Moreira , Vieira João Paulo Louzada
Published: December 2019

O objetivo do artigo é analisar estratégias e trajetórias migratórias de três gerações de famílias rurais da Zona da Mata Mineira, no Brasil, observando-se ressignificações da expressão “melhorar de vida”. Como metodologia, utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica e a aplicação de questionários a 76 jovens de origem rural que atualmente cursam o ensino superior. Os resultados apontam que o projeto familiar sofreu modificações simbólicas e objetivas quanto ao sentido de migrar para buscar oportunidades, aos parâmetros do que significa melhorar de vida na atualidade e aos campos de possibilidades abertos às novas gerações.