bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling Risk to US Military Populations from Stopping Blanket Mandatory Polio Vaccination
Authors: Burgess Colleen , Burgess Andrew , McMullen Kellie
Published: September 2017

Objectives. Transmission of polio poses a threat to military forces when deploying to regions where such viruses are endemic. US-born soldiers generally enter service with immunity resulting from childhood immunization against polio; moreover, new recruits are routinely vaccinated with inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), supplemented based upon deployment circumstances. Given residual protection from childhood vaccination, risk-based vaccination may sufficiently protect troops from polio transmission. Methods. This analysis employed a mathematical system for polio transmission within military populations interacting with locals in a polio-endemic region to evaluate changes in vaccination policy. Results. Removal of blanket immunization had no effect on simulated polio incidence among deployed military populations when risk-based immunization was employed; however, when these individuals reintegrated with their base populations, risk of transmission to nondeployed personnel increased by 19%. In the absence of both blanket- and risk-based immunization, transmission to nondeployed populations increased by 25%. The overall number of new infections among nondeployed populations was negligible for both scenarios due to high childhood immunization rates, partial protection against transmission conferred by IPV, and low global disease incidence levels. Conclusion. Risk-based immunization driven by deployment to polio-endemic regions is sufficient to prevent transmission among both deployed and nondeployed US military populations.
On Fuzzy Portfolio Selection Problems: A Parametric Representation Approach
Authors: Solaymani Fard Omid , Ramezanzadeh Mohadeseh
Published: September 2017

Fuzzy portfolio selection problem is a major issue in the financial field and a special case of constrained fuzzy-valued optimization problems (CFOPs). In this respect, the present paper aims to investigate the CFOP with regard to the features of the parametric representation of fuzzy numbers named as convex constraint function (CCF) which is proposed by Chalco-Cano et al. in 2014. Furthermore, relying on this parametric representation, some proper conditions are provided for the existence of solutions to a CFOP. To this end, by the increasing representation of CCF, the main problem is converted to a parametric multiobjective programming problem and some solution concepts from a similar framework in the multiobjective programming are proposed for the CFOP. Eventually to illustrate the proposed results, the fuzzy portfolio selection problem is discussed.
Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals Breast Cancers with Mismatch Repair Deficiency
Authors: Davies Helen , Morganella Sandro , Purdie Colin A. , Jang Se Jin , Borgen Elin , Russnes Hege , Glodzik Dominik , Zou Xueqing , Viari Alain , Richardson Andrea L. , Børresen-Dale Anne-Lise , Thompson Alastair , Eyfjord Jorunn E. , Kong Gu , Stratton Michael R. , Nik-Zainal Serena
Published: September 2017

Mismatch repair (MMR)–deficient cancers have been discovered to be highly responsive to immune therapies such as PD-1 checkpoint blockade, making their definition in patients, where they may be relatively rare, paramount for treatment decisions. In this study, we utilized patterns of mutagenesis known as mutational signatures, which are imprints of the mutagenic processes associated with MMR deficiency, to identify MMR-deficient breast tumors from a whole-genome sequencing dataset comprising a cohort of 640 patients. We identified 11 of 640 tumors as MMR deficient, but only 2 of 11 exhibited germline mutations in MMR genes or Lynch Syndrome. Two additional tumors had a substantially reduced proportion of mutations attributed to MMR deficiency, where the predominant mutational signatures were related to APOBEC enzymatic activity. Overall, 6 of 11 of the MMR-deficient cases in this cohort were confirmed genetically or epigenetically as having abrogation of MMR genes. However, IHC analysis of MMR-related proteins revealed all but one of 10 samples available for testing as MMR deficient. Thus, the mutational signatures more faithfully reported MMR deficiency than sequencing of MMR genes, because they represent a direct pathophysiologic readout of repair pathway abnormalities. As whole-genome sequencing continues to become more affordable, it could be used to expose individually abnormal tumors in tissue types where MMR deficiency has been rarely detected, but also rarely sought. Cancer Res; 77(18); 4755–62. ©2017 AACR.
Structurally Novel Antiestrogens Elicit Differential Responses from Constitutively Active Mutant Estrogen Receptors in Breast Cancer Cells and Tumors
Authors: Zhao Yuechao , Laws Mary J. , Guillen Valeria Sanabria , Ziegler Yvonne , Min Jian , Sharma Abhishek , Kim Sung Hoon , Chu David , Park Ben Ho , Oesterreich Steffi , Mao Chengjian , Shapiro David J. , Nettles Kendall W. , Katzenellenbogen John A. , Katzenellenbogen Benita S.
Published: September 2017

Many estrogen receptor α (ERα)–positive breast cancers develop resistance to endocrine therapy via mutation of ERs whose constitutive activation is associated with shorter patient survival. Because there is now a clinical need for new antiestrogens (AE) against these mutant ERs, we describe here our development and characterization of three chemically novel AEs that effectively suppress proliferation of breast cancer cells and tumors. Our AEs are effective against wild-type and Y537S and D538G ERs, the two most commonly occurring constitutively active ERs. The three new AEs suppressed proliferation and estrogen target gene expression in WT and mutant ER-containing cells and were more effective in D538G than in Y537S cells and tumors. Compared with WT ER, mutants exhibited approximately 10- to 20-fold lower binding affinity for AE and a reduced ability to be blocked in coactivator interaction, likely contributing to their relative resistance to inhibition by AE. Comparisons between mutant ER–containing MCF7 and T47D cells revealed that AE responses were compound, cell-type, and ERα-mutant dependent. These new ligands have favorable pharmacokinetic properties and effectively suppressed growth of WT and mutant ER–expressing tumor xenografts in NOD/SCID-γ mice after oral or subcutaneous administration; D538G tumors were more potently inhibited by AE than Y537S tumors. These studies highlight the differential responsiveness of the mutant ERs to different AEs and make clear the value of having a toolkit of AEs for treatment of endocrine therapy–resistant tumors driven by different constitutively active ERs. Cancer Res; 77(20); 5602–13. ©2017 AACR.
Inhibition of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase AXL Restores Paclitaxel Chemosensitivity in Uterine Serous Cancer
Authors: Palisoul Marguerite L. , Quinn Jeanne M. , Schepers Emily , Hagemann Ian S. , Guo Lei , Reger Kelsey , Hagemann Andrea R. , McCourt Carolyn K. , Thaker Premal H. , Powell Matthew A. , Mutch David G. , Fuh Katherine C.
Published: September 2017

Uterine serous cancer (USC) is aggressive, and the majority of recurrent cases are chemoresistant. Because the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL promotes invasion and metastasis of USC and is implicated in chemoresistance in other cancers, we assessed the role of AXL in paclitaxel resistance in USC, determined the mechanism of action, and sought to restore chemosensitivity by inhibiting AXL in vitro and in vivo. We used short hairpin RNAs and BGB324 to knock down and inhibit AXL. We assessed sensitivity of USC cell lines to paclitaxel and measured paclitaxel intracellular accumulation in vitro in the presence or absence of AXL. We also examined the role of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in AXL-mediated paclitaxel resistance. Finally, we treated USC xenografts with paclitaxel, BGB324, or paclitaxel plus BGB324 and monitored tumor burden. AXL expression was higher in chemoresistant USC patient tumors and cell lines than in chemosensitive tumors and cell lines. Knockdown or inhibition of AXL increased sensitivity of USC cell lines to paclitaxel in vitro and increased cellular accumulation of paclitaxel. AXL promoted chemoresistance even in cells that underwent the EMT in vitro. Finally, in vivo studies of combination treatment with BGB324 and paclitaxel showed a greater than 51% decrease in tumor volume after 2 weeks of treatment when compared with no treatment or single-agent treatments (P < 0.001). Our results show that AXL expression mediates chemoresistance independent of EMT and prevents accumulation of paclitaxel. This study supports the continued investigation of AXL as a clinical target, particularly in chemoresistant USC. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(12); 2881–91. ©2017 AACR.
Early Exposure to a High Fat/High Sugar Diet Increases the Mammary Stem Cell Compartment and Mammary Tumor Risk in Female Mice
Authors: Lambertz Isabel U. , Luo Linjie , Berton Thomas R. , Schwartz Scott L. , Hursting Stephen D. , Conti Claudio J. , Fuchs-Young Robin
Published: September 2017

Obesity and alterations in metabolic programming from early diet exposures can affect the propensity to disease in later life. Through dietary manipulation, developing mouse pups were exposed to a hyperinsulinemic, hyperglycemic milieu during three developmental phases: gestation, lactation, and postweaning. Analyses showed that a postweaning high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) diet had the main negative effect on adult body weight, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance. However, dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced carcinogenesis revealed that animals born to a mother fed a HF/HS gestation diet, nursed by a mother on a mildly diet-restricted, low fat/low sugar diet (DR) and weaned onto a HF/HS diet (HF/DR/HF) had the highest mammary tumor incidence, while HF/HF/DR had the lowest tumor incidence. Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that a HF/HS postweaning diet doubled mammary cancer risk, and a HF/HS diet during gestation and postweaning increased risk 5.5 times. Exposure to a HF/HS diet during gestation, when combined with a postweaning DR diet, had a protective effect, reducing mammary tumor risk by 86% (HR = 0.142). Serum adipocytokine analysis revealed significant diet-dependent differences in leptin/adiponectin ratio and IGF-1. Flow cytometry analysis of cells isolated from mammary glands from a high tumor incidence group, DR/HF/HF, showed a significant increase in the size of the mammary stem cell compartment compared with a low tumor group, HF/HF/DR. These results indicate that dietary reprogramming induces an expansion of the mammary stem cell compartment during mammary development, increasing likely carcinogen targets and mammary cancer risk. Cancer Prev Res; 10(10); 553–62. ©2017 AACR.

See related editorial by Freedland, p. 551–2.
Parkinsonian Patients with Striatal Cribriform State Present Rapidly Progressive Axial Parkinsonism
Authors: Lee Seung Ha , Lyoo Chul Hyoung , Cho Hanna , Rinne Juha O. , Lee Myung Sik
Published: September 2017

Objective: To define the significance of striatal cribriform state (SCS) observed in patients with primary progressive parkinsonism. Methods: We reviewed medical records and brain magnetic resonance imaging studies of 1,260 patients with primary progressive parkinsonism. We identified 23 patients with SCS and analyzed their clinical features. Results: All 23 patients had rapidly progressive parkinsonism predominated by postural instability and gait disturbance. Clinical features of 18 of the 23 patients were compatible with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP); 2 patients were compatible with parkinsonian type multiple system atrophy; 2 patients were compatible with mixed clinical features of both; and 1 patient had PSP-like clinical features. Conclusions: Most parkinsonian patients with SCS present rapidly progressive parkinsonism predominated by postural instability and gait disturbance. SCS observed in patients with parkinsonism does not seem to be a coincidental finding associated with the generalized cerebrovascular process.
Efficacy and Safety of Adjuvant Treatment with Entacapone in Advanced Parkinson’s Disease with Motor Fluctuation: A Systematic Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Jia , Lou Zhiwei , Liu Xiaoyang , Sun Yajuan , Chen Jiajun
Published: September 2017

Aims: To assess the efficacy and safety of adjuvant treatment with entacapone in the treatment of later Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients with motor fluctuation. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of relevant studies from 8 databases to June 23, 2016. Results: Fourteen studies were included in this review (n = 2,804). The results showed that compared with placebo, adjuvant therapy with entacapone significantly increased on time (p < 0.01) and reduced off time (p < 0.01), the required levodopa (LD) dose (p < 0.01) and improved Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores (activities of daily living score: p < 0.01; motor score: p < 0.01; UPDRS I–III score: p > 0.05). However, the withdrawal (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.10–1.89, p < 0.01) due to adverse events and adverse events rates including nausea (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.56–3.20, p < 0.01), urine discoloration (OR 14.99, 95% CI 7.63–29.44, p < 0.01), gastrointestinal disorder (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.89–3.57, p < 0.01) and dyskinesia (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.56–2.58, p < 0.01) increased in patients with entacapone compared with those given a placebo . Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that the entacapone used as adjuvant therapy to LD is effective in the management of later PD with fluctuation. However, patients on entacapone had a higher frequency of adverse events than those on placebo but no occurrence of severe adverse reactions.
Ring Chromosome 17 Not Involving the Miller-Dieker Region: A Case with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
Authors: Coppola Antonietta , Morrogh Deborah , Farrell Fiona , Balestrini Simona , Hernandez-Hernandez Laura , Krithika S. , Sander Josemir W. , Waters Jonathan J. , Sisodiya Sanjay M.
Published: September 2017

Chromosomal abnormalities are often identified in people with neurodevelopmental disorders including intellectual disability, autism, and epilepsy. Ring chromosomes, which usually involve gene copy number loss, are formed by fusion of subtelomeric or telomeric chromosomal regions. Some ring chromosomes, including ring 14, 17, and 20, are strongly associated with seizure disorders. We report an individual with a ring chromosome 17, r(17)(p13.3q25.3), with a terminal 17q25.3 deletion and no short arm copy number loss, and with a phenotype characterized by intellectual disability and drug-resistant epilepsy, including a propensity for nonconvulsive status epilepticus.
Optical Coherence Tomography Evolution in a Case of X-Linked Juvenile Retinoschisis: 15 Years of Follow-Up
Authors: Chatziralli Irini , Theodossiadis George , Brouzas Dimitrios , Emfietzoglou Ioannis , Theodossiadis Panagiotis
Published: September 2017

Purpose: We present the evolution of X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS) in a male patient using optical coherence tomography (OCT) with a long-term follow-up time of 15 years. Case Description: A 10-year-old male patient presented at the Medical Retina Department of our hospital complaining for blurred vision in both eyes. At the initial presentation in 2001, his best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 6/12 in both eyes on the Snellen chart. Based on clinical and OCT findings, the diagnosis of XLRS was made, and it was confirmed by genetic testing. No treatment was performed, but the patient was regularly examined. His BCVA and OCT findings remained relatively stable from 2001 to 2012, when BCVA decreased to 6/18 and 6/24 in the right and left eye, respectively. In 2016, his BCVA was 6/24 and 6/36 in right and left eye, respectively, while OCT depicted significant macular thinning, accompanied by irregularities of the foveal contour in both eyes. Conclusion: Patients with XLRS should be monitored regularly to evaluate the progression of the disease and manage the potential complications.
Redescripción de Potamolithus supersulcatus Pilsbry, 1896 (Gastropoda, Tateidae) del sur de la cuenca Del Plata
Authors: De Lucía Micaela , Gutiérrez Gregoric Diego Eduardo
Published: September 2017

The genus Potamolithus Pilsbry, 1896 (Gastropoda; Tateidae), has 31 species, 22 of which are distributed in Argentina in Del Plata basin, defining the Uruguay River and the Río de la Plata as a “hotspot” of diversity in freshwater gastropods. However, most of its species has been described only by conchology characters and a few has anatomical data, leading to the description of subspecies or morphs that overlap each other. Potamolithus lapidum some authors attribute four subspecies (with conchology data and anatomical partial data), but others include eight “morphs”. We give a start the study of Potamolithus lapidum elevating to Potamolithus lapidum supersulcatus Pilsbry, 1896 to the category of species, of which only known partially conchology and radular characters. We provide data of: shell, pallial organs, head, foot, penis, radula, female and male reproductive system, nervous system and partial sequence of mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. A good description of species of the genus Potamolithus is necessary, because some species have been listed as vulnerable species and they inhabit rivers that are being modified by human activity and the presence of invasive bivalve Limnoperna fortunei.
Osteology of the feeding apparatus of Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens and Brown Booby Sula leucogaster (Aves: Suliformes)
Authors: Carlos Caio José , Alvarenga Jéssica Guimarães , Mazzochi Mariana Scain
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we describe the skulls of Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens (Fregatidae) and Brown Booby (Sulidae) Sula leucogaster, with focus on the structures associated with the Musculi mandibulae. We discuss the results in the context of the feeding biology of the two species, which feed mainly on flying fish and squids. Frigatebirds capture prey from just above, or just below, the water surface in flight. The hook-shaped Apex maxillae in F. magnificens can be viewed as an adaptation for grasping prey from near the water surface. Boobies catch prey by plunging; thus, the dorsoventrally flattened skull and conical bill of S. leucogaster may reduce water resistance when it dives, or swims underwater. The bill is long in both species, such that it is on average 70% of the whole skull length in F. magnificens and 60% in S. leucogaster. Consequently, the Mm. mandibulae in the two species are more posteriorly positioned relative to the Apex rostri. This results in low mechanical advantage for the mandible opening-closing lever, indicating adaptations for a fast, rather than a strong, bite. Fast-moving mandibles would be advantageous for ‘mandibulating’ prey while swallowing. The Fossa musculorum temporalium and the Palatum osseum in both species provide a broad area for origins of the Musculus adductor mandibulae externus (all parts) and the Musculus pterygoideus. The Processus orbitalis quadrati is longer and thicker in F. magnificens than in S. leucogaster, and so is the Musculus pseudotemporalis profundus. We suggest that Mm. adductores mandibulae are relatively well developed in the two species; therefore, their mandibulae are still probably capable of a powerful adduction. In both species there is a mechanisms that contribute to protect the jaws from disarticulation and damage. Such mechanism involves the incorporation of a ‘flange-like’ Crista intercotylare on the Margo medialis cotylae medialis fossae articularis quadratica that grips the Condylus medialis quadrati. In S. leucogaster, the retractor-stop ‘notch’ formed by Ossa lacrimale et nasale also serves to protect the jaws against sudden external forces when birds are diving or swimming underwater for prey. A more detailed hypothesis for the jaw movements and strength in F. magnificens and in S. leucogaster and their relation with feeding habits should necessarily incorporate data on the jaw and anterior neck musculatures.
Residual Angina After Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Grodzinsky Anna , Kosiborod Mikhail , Tang Fengming , Jones Philip G. , McGuire Darren K. , Spertus John A. , Beltrame John F. , Jang Jae-Sik , Goyal Abhinav , Butala Neel M. , Yeh Robert W. , Arnold Suzanne V.
Published: September 2017

Background—

Previous studies suggest that among patients with stable coronary artery disease, patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have less angina and more silent ischemia when compared with those without DM. However, the burden of angina in diabetic versus nondiabetic patients after elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been recently examined.

Methods and Results—

In a 10-site US PCI registry, we assessed angina before and at 1, 6, and 12 months after elective PCI with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire angina frequency score (range, 0–100, higher=better). We also examined the rates of antianginal medication prescriptions at discharge. A multivariable, repeated-measures Poisson model was used to examine the independent association of DM with angina over the year after treatment. Among 1080 elective PCI patients (mean age, 65 years; 74.7% men), 34.0% had DM. At baseline and at each follow-up, patients with DM had similar angina prevalence and severity as those without DM. Patients with DM were more commonly prescribed calcium channel blockers and long-acting nitrates at discharge (DM versus not: 27.9% versus 20.9% [
P
=0.01] and 32.8% versus 25.5% [
P
=0.01], respectively), whereas β-blockers and ranolazine were prescribed at similar rates. In the multivariable, repeated-measures model, the risk of angina was similar over the year after PCI in patients with versus without DM (relative risk, 1.04; range, 0.80–1.36).

Conclusions—

Patients with stable coronary artery disease and DM exhibit a burden of angina that is at least as high as those without DM despite more antianginal prescriptions at discharge. These findings contradict the conventional teachings that patients with DM experience less angina because of silent ischemia.
Pediatric Cardiomyopathies
Authors: Lee Teresa M. , Hsu Daphne T. , Kantor Paul , Towbin Jeffrey A. , Ware Stephanie M. , Colan Steven D. , Chung Wendy K. , Jefferies John L. , Rossano Joseph W. , Castleberry Chesney D. , Addonizio Linda J. , Lal Ashwin K. , Lamour Jacqueline M. , Miller Erin M. , Thrush Philip T. , Czachor Jason D. , Razoky Hiedy , Hill Ashley , Lipshultz Steven E.
Published: September 2017

Pediatric cardiomyopathies are rare diseases with an annual incidence of 1.1 to 1.5 per 100 000. Dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies are the most common; restrictive, noncompaction, and mixed cardiomyopathies occur infrequently; and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is rare. Pediatric cardiomyopathies can result from coronary artery abnormalities, tachyarrhythmias, exposure to infection or toxins, or secondary to other underlying disorders. Increasingly, the importance of genetic mutations in the pathogenesis of isolated or syndromic pediatric cardiomyopathies is becoming apparent. Pediatric cardiomyopathies often occur in the absence of comorbidities, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, renal dysfunction, and diabetes mellitus; as a result, they offer insights into the primary pathogenesis of myocardial dysfunction. Large international registries have characterized the epidemiology, cause, and outcomes of pediatric cardiomyopathies. Although adult and pediatric cardiomyopathies have similar morphological and clinical manifestations, their outcomes differ significantly. Within 2 years of presentation, normalization of function occurs in 20% of children with dilated cardiomyopathy, and 40% die or undergo transplantation. Infants with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have a 2-year mortality of 30%, whereas death is rare in older children. Sudden death is rare. Molecular evidence indicates that gene expression differs between adult and pediatric cardiomyopathies, suggesting that treatment response may differ as well. Clinical trials to support evidence-based treatments and the development of disease-specific therapies for pediatric cardiomyopathies are in their infancy. This compendium summarizes current knowledge of the genetic and molecular origins, clinical course, and outcomes of the most common phenotypic presentations of pediatric cardiomyopathies and highlights key areas where additional research is required.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: NCT02549664 and NCT01912534.
Aortic Valve Stenosis Alters Expression of Regional Aortic Wall Shear Stress: New Insights From a 4‐Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of 571 Subjects
Authors: van Ooij Pim , Markl Michael , Collins Jeremy D. , Carr James C. , Rigsby Cynthia , Bonow Robert O. , Malaisrie S. Chris , McCarthy Patrick M. , Fedak Paul W.M. , Barker Alex J.
Published: September 2017

Background

Wall shear stress (
WSS
) is a stimulus for vessel wall remodeling. Differences in ascending aorta (
AA
o) hemodynamics have been reported between bicuspid aortic valve (
BAV
) and tricuspid aortic valve patients with aortic dilatation, but the confounding impact of aortic valve stenosis (
AS
) is unknown.

Methods and Results

Five hundred seventy‐one subjects underwent 4‐dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging in the thoracic aorta (210 right‐left BAV cusp fusions, 60 right‐noncoronary BAV cusp fusions, 245 tricuspid aortic valve patients with aortic dilatation, and 56 healthy controls). There were 166 of 515 (32%) patients with
AS
.
WSS
atlases were created to quantify group‐specific
WSS
patterns in the
AA
o as a function of
AS
severity. In
BAV
patients without
AS
, the different cusp fusion phenotypes resulted in distinct differences in eccentric
WSS
elevation: right‐left
BAV
patients exhibited increased
WSS
by 9% to 34% (
P
<0.001) at the aortic root and along the entire outer curvature of the
AA
o whereas right‐noncoronary
BAV
patients showed 30%
WSS
increase (
P
<0.001) at the distal portion of the
AA
o.
WSS
in tricuspid aortic valve patients with aortic dilatation patients with no
AS
was significantly reduced by 21% to 33% (
P
<0.01) in 4 of 6
AA
o regions. In all patient groups, mild, moderate, and severe
AS
resulted in a marked increase in regional
WSS
(
P
<0.001). Moderate‐to‐severe
AS
further increased
WSS
magnitude and variability in the
AA
o. Differences between valve phenotypes were no longer apparent.

Conclusions

AS
significantly alters aortic hemodynamics and
WSS
independent of aortic valve phenotype and over‐rides previously described flow patterns associated with
BAV
and tricuspid aortic valve with aortic dilatation. Severity of
AS
must be considered when investigating valve‐mediated aortopathy.
Atrial Fibrillation in Acute Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Autonomic Nervous Mechanism and Modulation
Authors: Yu Lilei , Li Xuefei , Huang Bing , Zhou Xiaoya , Wang Menglong , Zhou Liping , Meng Guannan , Wang Yuhong , Wang Zhenya , Deng Jielin , Jiang Hong
Published: September 2017

Background

The mechanisms of atrial fibrillation (
AF
) induced by obstructive sleep apnea (
OSA
) are not completely understood. This study investigated the roles of the intrinsic and extrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system in
OSA
‐induced
AF
and provided noninvasive autonomic nervous modulation for the suppression of
OSA
‐induced
AF
by using low‐level transcutaneous electrical stimulation (
LL
‐
TS
) of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve at the tragus.

Methods and Results

Eighteen dogs received tracheostomy under general anesthesia and were randomly divided into 3 groups: the
OSA
group (
OSA
was simulated via clamping of the endotracheal tube at end expiration for 1.5 minutes every 10 minutes, n=6), the
LL
‐
TS + OSA
group (simulated
OSA
plus
LL
‐
TS
, at 80% of the slowing sinus rate, n=6), and the control group (sham surgery without stimulation, n=6). The effective refractory period was significantly shortened after 1 hour of simulated
OSA
, and the window of vulnerability and plasma norepinephrine levels were both markedly increased in the
OSA
group.
OSA
dramatically increased the neural function and activity of the intrinsic and extrinsic
cardiac autonomic nervous system
, including the superior left ganglionated plexus, the left stellate ganglion, and the left renal sympathetic nerve.
OSA
also significantly upregulated the expression levels of c‐fos and nerve growth factor in the
superior left ganglionated plexus
and the
left stellate ganglion
. However,
LL
‐
TS
markedly improved these parameters.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the intrinsic and extrinsic
cardiac autonomic nervous system
plays crucial roles in the acute stage of
OSA
‐induced
AF
. Noninvasive
LL
‐
TS
suppressed shortening of atrial refractoriness and autonomic remodeling, which prevented
OSA
‐induced
AF
.
Secondary Open Aortic Procedure Following Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair: Meta‐Analytic State of the Art
Authors: Gambardella Ivancarmine , Antoniou George A. , Torella Francesco , Spadaccio Cristiano , Oo Aung Y. , Gaudino Mario , Nappi Francesco , Shaw Matthew A. , Girardi Leonard N.
Published: September 2017

Background

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair is characterized by a substantial need for reintervention. Secondary open aortic procedure becomes necessary when further endoluminal options are exhausted. This synopsis and quantitative analysis of available evidence aims to overcome the limitations of institutional cohort reports on secondary open aortic procedure.

Methods and Results

Electronic databases were searched from 1994 to the present date with a prospectively registered protocol. Pooled quantification of pre/intraoperative variables, and proportional meta‐analysis with random effect model of early and midterm outcomes were performed. Subgroup analysis was conducted for patients who had early mortality. Fifteen studies were elected for final analysis, encompassing 330 patients. The following values are expressed as “pooled mean, 95% confidence interval.” Type B dissection was the most common pathology at index thoracic endovascular aortic repair (51.2%, 44.4–57.9). The most frequent indication for secondary open aortic procedure was endoleak (39.7%, 34.6–45.1). More than half of patients had surgery on the descending aorta (51.2%, 45.8–56.6), and one fourth on the arch (25.2%, 20.8–30.1). Operative mortality was 10.6% (7.4–14.9). Neurological morbidity was substantial between stroke (5.1%, 2.8–9.1) and paraplegia (8.3%, 5.2–13.1). At 2‐year follow‐up, mortality (20.4%, 11.5–33.5) and aortic adverse event (aortic death 7.7%, 4.3–13.3, tertiary aortic open procedure 7.4%, 4.0–13.2) were not negligible.

Conclusions

In the secondary open aortic procedure population, type B dissection was both the most common pathology and the one associated with the lowest early mortality, whereas aortic infection and extra‐anatomical bypass were associated with the most ominous prognosis.
Effects of High- Versus Moderate-Intensity Training on Neuroplasticity and Functional Recovery After Focal Ischemia
Authors: Pin-Barre Caroline , Constans Annabelle , Brisswalter Jeanick , Pellegrino Christophe , Laurin Jérôme
Published: September 2017

Background and Purpose—

This study was designed to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIT) and moderate-intensity aerobic training (MOD) on functional recovery and cerebral plasticity during the first 2 weeks after cerebral ischemia.

Methods—

Rats were randomized as follows: control (n=15), SHAM (n=9), middle cerebral artery occlusion (n=13), middle cerebral artery occlusion at day 1 (n=7), MOD (n=13), and HIT (n=13). Incremental tests were performed at day 1 (D1) and 14 (D14) to identify the running speed associated with the lactate threshold (
S
LT
) and the maximal speed (
S
max
). Functional tests were performed at D1, D7, and D14. Microglia form, cytokines, p75
NTR
(pan-neurotrophin receptor p75), potassium–chloride cotransporter type 2, and sodium–potassium–chloride cotransporter type 1 expression were made at D15.

Results—

HIT was more effective to improve the endurance performance than MOD and induced a fast recovery of the impaired forelimb grip force. The ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1)–positive cells with amoeboid form and the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression were lower in HIT group, mainly in the ipsilesional hemisphere. A p75
NTR
overexpression is observed on the ipsilesional side together with a restored sodium–potassium–chloride cotransporter type 1/potassium–chloride cotransporter type 2 ratio on the contralesional side.

Conclusions—

Low-volume HIT based on lactate threshold seems to be more effective after cerebral ischemia than work-matched MOD to improve aerobic fitness and grip strength and might promote cerebral plasticity.
The atyid shrimps from Lake Lindu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia with description of two new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea)
Authors: ANNAWATY ANNAWATY , WOWOR DAISY
Published: September 2017

The atyid shrimp Caridina linduensis Roux, 1904, has not been reported since its description more than a century ago. We here redescribe and figure this poorly known species based on new material from its type locality, Lake Lindu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Two new species, C. dali sp. nov. and C. kaili sp. nov. are also found in this lake and they are described and illustrated. Compared to C. linduensis, C. dali sp. nov. is distinguished by its relatively shorter rostrum which only overreaches the end of basal segment of antennular peduncle and the fewer teeth on the incisor process of the mandible. Caridina kaili sp. nov. can be separated from C. linduensis by its extremely short rostrum, which reaches almost or just reaches the end of the basal segment of the antennular peduncle, proportionately stouter second pereiopod and larger egg size. The two new species also prefer different habitats; C. linduensis is a true lake inhabitant, C. dali sp. nov. can be found both in the lake itself and associated streams while C. kaili sp. nov. is an obligate stream species.
Redescription of Lusitanipus alternans (Verhoeff, 1893) (Diplopoda, Callipoda, Dorypetalidae) and ecological data on its Laboulbeniales ectoparasites in caves
Authors: REBOLEIRA ANA SOFIA P.S. , ENGHOFF HENRIK
Published: September 2017

The Portuguese endemic callipodidan millipede Lusitanipus alternans (Verhoeff, 1893) is redescribed, based on abundant new material collected in caves of central Portugal. The species is illustrated with comprehensive SEM images. The relationships of the genus Lusitanipus Mauriès, 1978 to other callipodidan genera of the subfamily Cyphocallipodinae Verhoeff, 1909 are discussed. The major part of the studied material is highly infected with ectoparasitic fungi of the order Laboulbeniales, we also include information about the infection in the subterranean ecosystem.
Synopsis of extinct Bruchomyiinae (Diptera, Psychodidae) from Burmese, Baltic and Dominican amber, with descriptions of new genera and species
Authors: WAGNER RÜDIGER
Published: September 2017

Bruchomyiinae from Burmese, Baltic, and Caribbean amber are revised. Five new species from Baltic, one from Caribbean and three from Burmese amber are described. Based on recently discovered specimens, additional details and corrections for previously described species are provided. Six species from Baltic amber were combined in Hoffeinsodes gen. nov. (Hoffeinsodes obtusa sp. nov., H. bifida sp. nov., H. cubicula sp. nov., H. longicauda sp. nov., H. reducta sp. nov. and H. hoffeinsi (Wagner 2006) comb. nov.), based on the fusion of gonocoxites and hypandrium, and a laterally expanded epandrium with posterolateral lobes. Genus Palaeosycorax Meunier, 1905 is re-validated, with Palaeosycorax inexpetatus (Wagner, 2012) comb. nov. included. Caribbean amber species Boreofairchildia dominicana sp. nov. and B. hennigianus (Schlüter, 1978) comb. nov. are congeneric with extant genus Boreofairchildia Wagner & Stuckenberg, 2016. Three new and two described species from Burmese amber are combined in Palaeoglaesum gen. nov. (Palaeoglaesum quadrispiculatum (Stebner et al., 2015) comb. nov., P. velteni (Wagner, 2012) comb. nov., P. muelleri sp. nov., P. bisulcum sp. nov., P. notandum sp. nov.), based on their small size relative to other Bruchomyiinae, and presence of a Y-shaped aedeagal sclerite. Keys to males of species in particular ambers are provided.
Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) Imaging of Cerebral Ischemia: Combined Analysis of Rat Brain Thin Cuts Toward Improved Tissue Classification
Authors: Balbekova Anna , Lohninger Hans , van Tilborg Geralda A.F. , Dijkhuizen Rick M. , Bonta Maximilian , Limbeck Andreas , Lendl Bernhard , Al-Saad Khalid A. , Ali Mohamed , Celikic Minja , Ofner Johannes
Published: September 2017

Microspectroscopic techniques are widely used to complement histological studies. Due to recent developments in the field of chemical imaging, combined chemical analysis has become attractive. This technique facilitates a deepened analysis compared to single techniques or side-by-side analysis. In this study, rat brains harvested one week after induction of photothrombotic stroke were investigated. Adjacent thin cuts from rats’ brains were imaged using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The LA-ICP-MS data were normalized using an internal standard (a thin gold layer). The acquired hyperspectral data cubes were fused and subjected to multivariate analysis. Brain regions affected by stroke as well as unaffected gray and white matter were identified and classified using a model based on either partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) or random decision forest (RDF) algorithms. The RDF algorithm demonstrated the best results for classification. Improved classification was observed in the case of fused data in comparison to individual data sets (either FT-IR or LA-ICP-MS). Variable importance analysis demonstrated that both molecular and elemental content contribute to the improved RDF classification. Univariate spectral analysis identified biochemical properties of the assigned tissue types. Classification of multisensor hyperspectral data sets using an RDF algorithm allows access to a novel and in-depth understanding of biochemical processes and solid chemical allocation of different brain regions.
Nonfunctional pancreatic endocrine tumor in the peripancreatic region in a Chinese patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Authors: Wang Bao-Ping , Tian Wei-Jun , Zhang Jie , Jiang Chang-Xin , Qu Hui-Qi , Zhu Mei
Published: September 2017

Nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-pNETs) in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), which results from a mutation in the MEN1 gene, are commonly small, multiple tumors located in the pancreatic head and inside the pancreatic parenchyma. We herein describe a 35-year-old woman with bone pain and a 7-year history of a prolactinoma. She was clinically diagnosed with MEN1 based on the presence of the prolactinoma and parathyroid hyperplasia. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a 5-cm mass close to the splenic hilum. This soft tissue tumor, which was located outside the pancreatic parenchyma and the tissue origin of which could not be identified preoperatively, was found to be connected to the pancreatic tail. After resection, histological examination revealed a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor of pancreatic origin. Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous transition mutation of guanine to adenine at the coding nucleotide 133 in exon 2 (c.133G>A), resulting in an amino acid substitution of glutamic acid with lysine (E45K) in the MEN1 gene. This patient with MEN1 presented with a clinical condition involving a single non-metastatic NF-pNET located outside the pancreatic parenchyma with a missense mutation in the MEN1 gene, which could easily have been misdiagnosed as an accessory spleen.
For reflexivity as an epistemic criterion of ontological coherence and virtuous social theorizing
Authors: Bouzanis Christoforos
Published: September 2017

This article offers an approach that combines, on the one hand, the philosophical notion of reflexivity, which is related to the ideas of self-reference and paradox, and, on the other hand, the sociological discussion of epistemic reflexivity as a problem of coherence, which was mainly initiated by certain branches of ethnomethodology and social constructionism. This combinatory approach argues for reflexivity as an epistemic criterion of ontological coherence, which suggests that social ontologies should account for the possibility of self-reflective subjectivity – for otherwise they result in a paradoxical conclusion according to which a social scientist reflects on her or his ontological commitments even though these commitments deny her or him the capacity for self-reflection. This analysis presupposes that all human sciences are categorically premised on social ontologies; and it argues for an analytical distinction between self-reflection, which refers to the agential capacity for reflecting on one’s own commitments, and the epistemic criterion of reflexivity hereby proposed. These two analytically distinct though interdependent socio-theoretical concepts are frequently conflated in the literature; thus, this article also aims at a ‘clearing of the ground’ that can be of categorical use to the human sciences.
In the Age of Breast Augmentation, Breast Reconstruction Provides an Opportunity to Augment the Breast
Authors: Zimmerman Amanda L. , Tugertimur Bugra , Smith Paul D. , Kumar Ambuj , Dayicioglu Deniz
Published: September 2017

Background:

Augmentation mammoplasty remains the most common cosmetic surgery procedure performed. The objective of this article is to evaluate the impact of augmented volume of the reconstructed breast in patients that undergo nipple-sparing mastectomy and patients previously augmented who undergo mastectomy with tissue expander/implant-based reconstruction.

Methods:

Patients undergoing skin-sparing mastectomy, nipple-sparing mastectomy, and mastectomy after previous augmentation followed by tissue expander/implant-based reconstruction between June 2011 and April 2015 by 2 surgeons at the same institution were included. Retrospective chart review of the patients identified using these criteria was performed to record patient characteristics, complications, breast volume, implant volume, and percentage change in volume at the time of reconstruction. Percentage change of breast volume was calculated using the formula (implant breast weight)/(breast weight) for skin-sparing and nipple-sparing mastectomy patients and (final breast implant weight − [breast weight + augmentation breast implant weight])/([breast weight + augmentation breast implant]) for patients undergoing mastectomy following previous augmentation.

Results:

A total of 293 patients were included in the study with 63 patients who underwent nipple-sparing mastectomy, 166 patients who underwent skin-sparing mastectomy, and 64 patients who underwent previous augmentation with subsequent mastectomy. Mean percentage change in breast volume was 66% in the nipple-sparing mastectomy group, 15% for the right breast and 18% for the left breast in the skin-sparing mastectomy group, and 81% for the right breast and 72% for the left breast in the mastectomy following previous augmentation group. Complication rate for nipple-sparing mastectomy was 27%, mastectomy following previous augmentation was 20.3%, and skin-sparing mastectomy group was 18.7%.

Conclusion:

Patients who undergo nipple-sparing mastectomy or mastectomy following previous augmentation have the ability to achieve greater volume in their reconstructed breast via tissue expander/implant-based reconstruction.
Recent advances in managing gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Duffaud Florence , Le Cesne Axel
Published: September 2017

Constitutive activating mutations inKITand platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) are heavily involved in the pathobiology of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). This disease has served as an effective “proof-of-concept” model for targeting gain-of-function kinase mutations in cancer. This review discusses the current standard of care in terms of pharmacotherapy in the management of localized and metastatic GISTs.
Interfacial microscopic examination and chemical analysis of resin-dentin interface of self-adhering flowable resin composite
Authors: Hamdy Tamer M.
Published: September 2017

Background: The newly introduced self-adhering flowable resin-composites decrease the required time for application by incorporation of an acidic adhesive monomer, thus reducing the number of the steps, but its bonding is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interfacial microscopic examination and chemical analysis at the resin-dentin interface of a self-adhering flowable resin composite (Vertise-Flow) versus a total-etch (Te-Econom Plus) resin composite, using an etching agent (Eco-Etch gel) and  bonding agent (Single Bond Universal).

Methods: Sixteen freshly extracted sound human posterior teeth were used. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups: 8 specimens per type of composite. Standard-shaped class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface. One group was restored by Te-Econom Plus resin composite by total-etch technique using Eco-Etch gel, which was applied to dentine for 15 seconds, followed by rinsing, drying and bonding agent application (Single Bond Universal). The other group restored directly with self-adhering resin composite (Vertise-Flow) without application of etch or bond. Curing was done for 20 seconds using a light emitting diode light curing unit. Evaluation of the resin-dentin interface was done microscopically by examination of marginal gap distance in μm using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and chemical analysis of silver particles was observed using SEM with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry after 24 hours of specimen storage in ammoniacal silver nitrate.

Results: Regarding marginal gap distance (µm) and silver atomic % mean values, teeth restored with self-adhering resin composite (Vertise-Flow) showed significantly higher mean values than the multi-step etch and rinse resin composite group (5.2 vs 0; 12.2 vs 8.2, respectively).

Conclusions: Resin-dentin bonding using total-etch resin composite technique was more effective than self-adhering flowable resin composite (Vertise-Flow) regarding marginal gap formation and penetration of silver particles. Further studies for bond strength could be performed.
Complementarities and Coordination: Implications for Governance Mode and Performance of Multiproduct Firms
Authors: Lee Joon Mahn , Kapoor Rahul
Published: September 2017

We explore the fit between a firm’s product portfolio strategy and its governance mode with respect to complementary activities that underlie its product offering. We view firm’s governance choice through the lens of orchestrating complementary activities that entail multiple interrelated and often simultaneously occurring transactions. Our key premise is that a broader product portfolio, while offering benefits through the bundle of complementary activities, raises the coordination costs for firms, making integration of complementary activities a preferred mode of governance. We find strong support for our arguments in the context of the U.S. healthcare industry. Hospitals with a narrow service portfolio are more likely to have contracts with physicians as external service providers, and hospitals with a broad service portfolio are more likely to employ their own physicians. Moreover, hospitals that deviate from this fit-based relationship suffer a significant penalty in terms of their financial performance as measured by return on assets (ROA) and return on sales (ROS). Our findings allow us to shed new light on the linkage between strategy and governance mode and enable us to illustrate that performance differences across multiproduct firms may be better understood by considering the fit between their strategy and their governance mode instead of simply focusing either on their strategy or on their governance mode per se.