bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The evolution and transformation of youth entrepreneurship in China: a sociological analysis
Authors: Deriugin Pavel Petrovich , Cimtikov Zhomart Kudaibergenovich , Chzhao Tsze , Lebedintsev Daniil Aleksandrovich
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the article is to conduct a socio-historical study of the evolution and stages of the formation of youth entrepreneurship in China. The main problem is to identify and characterize the evolution and patterns that reveal the entrepreneurship of Chinese youth as a market mechanism that successfully functions in the conditions of the socialist economy of China. The object of the study is the entrepreneurial activity of young Chinese people. The subject of the study is the systematization of the stages of formation of youth entrepreneurship in various periods of transformation of Chinese society. The sources of information are scientific research carried out by Russian and Chinese researchers, as well as researchers from other countries. A comprehensive analysis of the sociodynamics of the development of youth entrepreneurship in China allows us to thoroughly and objectively identify and characterize the main systemic connections of this social phenomenon. The research methodology assumes a socio-historical analysis of the stages of the formation of youth entrepreneurship in China. A generalized analysis of the significant dependence of youth entrepreneurship on the general trends in the development of entrepreneurship in China as a social institution and the need for significant regulatory, organizational, educational efforts on the part of society and the state for its formation, maintenance and development is carried out. It is shown that at the stage of transition of Chinese society from subsistence farming to a planned economy (1945-1950), youth entrepreneurship was mainly spontaneous, non-institutional in nature and manifested itself as facts of entrepreneurial activity of individuals. The patriarchal way of life and rigid hierarchies of relations did not contribute to the development of entrepreneurial initiative of young people. At the second stage, in the process of transition to an industrial society (1951-1966), the centralization of the economy is increasing, and the main areas of activity of Chinese youth are directed to the political sphere, to the detriment of entrepreneurial initiatives in the economy. The third stage, the transition to an open society (1967-1978), is characterized by changes in the understanding of the political role of youth in society, the era after the Cultural Revolution laid the foundation for recognizing the important role of market foundations and youth entrepreneurship in the subsequent stages of China's development. The transition to a legal society (the fourth stage of the "Four Modernizations", after 1978), gives impetus to the development of youth entrepreneurship in China.
The Influence of Leadership Style on the Socio-Psychological Climate in the Production Team
Authors: Savinkov Stanislav Nikolaevich , Mudrova Irina Olegovna
Published: March 2024

The author examines the influence of the leadership style (authoritarian, democratic or liberal) on the management of the labor collective, the author proposed the hypothesis of the study, which consisted in the assumption that the socio-psychological climate in the team directly depends on the leadership style of this team and has its own characteristics inherent in each leadership style separately. In the course of an empirical study based on qualitative and correlation analysis methods, the influence of leadership style on the formation of the socio-psychological climate in the team was studied. In conclusion, the main trends confirming the influence of leadership style on the psychological climate in the team are noted. In the experimental study, 128 subjects, 56 of them men and 72 women, working in three organizations and performing executive functions: an organization in the field of public catering, in the field of beauty and health and in the banking sector aged 20 to 42 years. The study was conducted through the subjects filling out a Google form online. The data obtained showed that the leadership style is influenced by both subjective (personal) and objective factors (a combination of social and economic requirements of production). Therefore, the effectiveness of the management process will largely be determined by the intelligence and general culture of the manager himself, his professional training, character, temperament, as well as the level of formation and well-being of the socio-psychological climate in the team.
Professional formation of college students at the stage of their pre-professional development
Authors: Egorenko Tatiana Anatolievna
Published: March 2024

The subject of the study is the formation of components of professional formation (professional identity, motives of professional choice, ability to build time prospects) of college students at the stage of their pre-professional development. In the course of theoretical analysis it was determined that professional formation is a long, discrete segment of life, which is characterised by phases with alternating turning points at the milestone stages. The stage of pre-professional development includes two stages: the stage of preparation for professional choice and the stage of professional training. Among the most important indicators of successful process of professional development at the stage of pre-professional development are the formation of motivational sphere, awareness of professional choice, ability to plan and build time prospects. As a result of the study, it was revealed that in the group of students under study, the predominant identity is uncertain identity, indicating the unconsciousness of professional choice. Students build their professional future not considering their own interests and needs, but in order to avoid criticism and admonition of others. Students with a pronounced imposed identity easily relate to the events of the present and put hope in their future and the opportunities they define for themselves in it, but the prevailing motivation for planning their future in them is also external negative motivation. Students at the stage of "crisis of choice" evaluate the events that happened to them in the past as a positive experience, they perceive the events of the present objectively, thoughts and actions are aimed at building their professional future. The data obtained in the course of the study indicate the need to develop a system of psychological support of students' professional development, aimed at the formation of their active, subjective position in mastering the chosen profession.
Precarious employment as a prerequisite for career surfing
Authors: Rubtsova Nadezhda , Len'kov Sergei Leonidovich
Published: March 2024

The subject of the study is the conceptualization of the phenomenon of career surfing and precarization of labor as a prerequisite for its manifestation. The object of the study is the phenomena of precarious employment and career surfing. The authors consider in detail such aspects of the topic as the role of career surfing in the perspective of the concept of fluid modernity; multidimensional manifestations of career surfing, as a result of which generalization the types of precarization are highlighted (change of job, type of work, sphere of work, directions of professional or career development; search and evaluation of vacancies or employers, areas of professional training and/or educational institutions; transnational career surfing); the ambivalent nature of career surfing, including both positive and negative manifestations; the interrelationships and qualitative differences of career surfing with the phenomena of social surfing and labor mobility. To achieve the goal, conceptual and theoretical analysis, subject-categorical analysis, systematization, generalization of scientific research results and social practice data were used. The design included solving the following tasks: identification of essential features and varieties of career surfing manifestations; differentiation of career surfing with a number of similar concepts characterizing the instability of career development; systematization of the causes and problems of studying career surfing. The main conclusions of the study are: 1) Career surfing is a multifaceted phenomenon that consists in changing the trajectory of professional career development. The types of career surfing include changing and/or searching for: a job, position, type of work, profession, specialty, sphere or direction of professional or career development. Thus, precarization of labor illustrates the manifestation of career surfing; 2) In methodological terms, career surfing is a social and psychological construct that has deep connections with the constructs of social surfing, mobility, fluid modernity, etc.; 3) The reasons for the expansion and development of career surfing are diverse and include: transformation of workplaces and types of work (including digitalization), the development of flexible forms of employment, the expansion of geographical and social migrations, etc.; 4) Career surfing is ambivalent in its social role and includes both constructive consequences (for example, coping with situations of career and social uncertainty) and destructive ones. The novelty of the research lies in the author's generalization of the results of the theoretical and methodological analysis of the studied phenomena and the justification of the definition of career surfing.
Methods of vocal teaching in various cultural traditions: comparative analysis
Authors: Шаньнин Я.
Published: March 2024

В области музыкальной педагогики одним из наиболее сложных и многогранных аспектов является обучение вокалу. Специфика методологических подходов к обучению вокалу представляет собой объект научного изучения, который охватывает широкий спектр культурно-исторических, физиологических и психоакустических факторов. Статья направлена на сравнительный анализ методов обучения вокалу в различных культурных традициях, таких как западноевропейская, индийская, африканская и восточноазиатская. Через мультидисциплинарный подход, включая антропологические, этномузыкологические и психофизиологические методы, данная работа стремится выявить ключевые характеристики и особенности, присущие каждой культурной практике. Особое внимание уделяется научно обоснованным педагогическим методам, которые варьируются от структурированных уроков с применением современных технологий до традиционных форм наставничества. Статистические данные основаны на эмпирических исследованиях, проведенных в период с 1990 по 2020 годы, и включают в себя анализ более чем 300 научных статей, опубликованных в рецензируемых журналах с высоким уровнем цитирования (IF> 2.0). Спектр академических исследований в данной области продолжает расширяться, интегрируя аспекты психологии, нейронаук, физиологии и даже информационных технологий. Однако следует признать, что вопросы эффективности и оптимального сочетания различных методов до сих пор остаются открытыми и требуют дальнейшего исследования.

In the field of music pedagogy, one of the most complex and multifaceted aspects is vocal training. The specificity of methodological approaches to vocal training is an object of scientific study, which covers a wide range of cultural-historical, physiological and psychoacoustic factors. The article is aimed at a comparative analysis of vocal teaching methods in various cultural traditions, such as Western European, Indian, African and East Asian. Through a multidisciplinary approach, including anthropological, ethnomusicological and psychophysiological methods, this work seeks to identify the key characteristics and features inherent in each cultural practice. Emphasis is placed on evidence-based teaching methods, which range from structured lessons using modern technology to traditional forms of mentoring. The statistics are based on empirical studies conducted between 1990 and 2020 and include an analysis of more than 300 scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals with high citation rates (IF > 2.0). The range of academic research in this area continues to expand, integrating aspects of psychology, neuroscience, physiology and even information technology. However, it should be recognized that the issues of effectiveness and optimal combination of various methods still remain open and require further research.
Features of translation of technical texts in industrial universities
Authors: Мохов А.А. , Башеров О.И. , Барышникова О.В. , Година Д.Х.
Published: March 2024

Тема перевода текстов технической направленности в промышленных вузах России с каждым годом приобретает все большую актуальность. Исследование направлено на выявление особенностей переводческой практики в промышленных вузах, которые являются крупными центрами научно-технического развития и культуры в Российской Федерации. В данной работе проведен анализ большого количества переводов, выполненных в промышленных вузах за период с 2015 по 2021 год. Было выявлено, что наибольшие проблемы возникают при переводе синтетических структур и терминологии, применяемых в научных исследованиях и технической литературе. Также стоит отметить, что средний показатель ошибок в переводах составил 7,5 ошибок на 1000 слов, что является достаточно высоким показателем и требует дополнительного исследования. Современные методики анализа текстов, применяемые в промышленных вузах России, демонстрируют значительные различия в адекватности и точности перевода технических текстов. В рамках данного исследования, выполненного на базе переводов с английского языка на русский, проведено сравнение эффективности различных методов перевода синтетических структур. Особый акцент сделан на применение машинного перевода и его последующей коррекции в сравнении с традиционными методами перевода. Эмпирические данные свидетельствуют о том, что использование машинного перевода без последующей коррекции приводит к увеличению количества ошибок на 30% по сравнению с чисто человеческим переводом.

The topic of translation of technical texts in industrial universities in Russia is becoming more and more relevant every year. The research is aimed at identifying the features of translation practice in industrial universities, which are major centers of scientific and technological development and culture in the Russian Federation. In this paper, the analysis of a large number of translations made in industrial universities for the period from 2015 to 2021 is carried out. It was revealed that the greatest problems arise when translating synthetic structures and terminology used in scientific research and technical literature. It is also worth noting that the average error rate in translations was 7.5 errors per 1000 words, which is a fairly high indicator and requires additional research. Modern methods of text analysis used in industrial universities in Russia demonstrate significant differences in the adequacy and accuracy of translation of technical texts. Within the framework of this study, carried out on the basis of translations from English into Russian, a comparison of the effectiveness of various methods of translating synthetic structures was carried out. Special emphasis is placed on the use of machine translation and its subsequent correction in comparison with traditional translation methods. Empirical evidence suggests that the use of machine translation without subsequent correction leads to an increase in the number of errors by 30% compared to purely human translation.
Using tests in teaching grammar skills the first-year students of the faculty of foreign languages
Authors: Сяошуан Ц.
Published: March 2024

В настоящей научной статье рассматривается эволюция вокальных техник в истории музыкального искусства Европы, охватывающая период с античности до современности. Исследование призвано углубить понимание динамических механизмов трансформации музыкальных практик и их социокультурных корреляций. Основываясь на обширном анализе исторических источников, вокальных партиций и архивных аудиозаписей, проводится квантитативный и качественный анализ вокальных методик. Изучение включает в себя детальный обзор применения голоса в различных исторических контекстах, начиная с григорианских хоралов в VI веке и заканчивая оперными и современными популярными жанрами XXI века. Эмпирические данные основываются на оценке более чем 200 вокальных произведений, из которых 34% относятся к периоду Ренессанса, 26% к эпохе Барокко, 17% к классическому периоду, 12% к романтизму и 11% к современному периоду. Ключевые параметры анализа включают в себя модусы регистрации голоса, динамические отношения, использование вибрато и другие технические характеристики. Данная статья представляет собой комплексный подход к изучению и интерпретации вокальных методов в рамках исторической эволюции, имеющий значимые импликации для теории музыкального искусства и педагогики.

This scientific article examines the evolution of vocal techniques in the history of the musical art of Europe, covering the period from antiquity to the present. The research aims to deepen the understanding of the dynamic mechanisms of transformation of musical practices and their socio-cultural correlations. Based on an extensive analysis of historical sources, vocal parts and archival audio recordings, a quantitative and qualitative analysis of vocal techniques is carried out. The study includes a detailed overview of the use of the voice in various historical contexts, starting with Gregorian chorales in the VI century and ending with operatic and modern popular genres of the XXI century. Empirical data are based on the evaluation of more than 200 vocal works, of which 34% belong to the Renaissance period, 26% to the Baroque era, 17% to the classical period, 12% to Romanticism and 11% to the modern period. The key parameters of the analysis include the modes of voice registration, dynamic relations, the use of vibrato and other technical characteristics. This article is a comprehensive approach to the study and interpretation of vocal methods within the framework of historical evolution, which has significant implications for the theory of musical art and pedagogy.
The influence of early music education techniques on the development of technical skills and musical perception in piano performers
Authors: Юэ Л.
Published: March 2024

Интеграция разнообразных методик раннего музыкального образования в педагогический процесс, нацеленный на подготовку квалифицированных фортепианных исполнителей в Российской Федерации, является предметом активных исследований, реализованных в контексте интегративной и дифференцированной методологической парадигмы. В частности, акцентируется внимание на вопросах, связанных с влиянием указанных методик на формирование технических навыков и музыкального восприятия у субъектов педагогического процесса. Согласно многочисленным эмпирическим исследованиям, методики, базирующиеся на принципах когнитивной нейронауки и музыкальной психологии, обеспечивают рост индикаторов технической оснащенности на уровне 12-17% и музыкального восприятия на уровне 18-23%, измеряемых по шкале Музыкального Развития (MDI, Musical Development Index) и индексу Комплексной Технической Оснащенности (CTI, Complex Technical Index). В рамках данного исследования проведен анализ педагогической эффективности трех методик, в том числе: методики Кодái, методики Сузуки и Орфовской системы. Данный анализ осуществлен на выборке из 347 фортепианных исполнителей в возрасте от 8 до 16 лет, проходящих обучение в 14 различных музыкальных школах Российской Федерации. Одним из методов, получивших популярность, является использование информационно-коммуникационных технологий (ИКТ) на уроках музыки.

The integration of various methods of early music education into the pedagogical process aimed at training qualified piano performers in the Russian Federation is the subject of active research, implemented in the context of an integrative and differentiated methodological paradigm. In particular, attention is focused on issues related to the influence of these methods on the formation of technical skills and musical perception among subjects of the pedagogical process. According to numerous empirical studies, methods based on the principles of cognitive neuroscience and music psychology provide an increase in indicators of technical equipment at the level of 12-17% and musical perception at the level of 18-23%, measured on the Musical Development Index (MDI, Musical Development Index) and Index of Complex Technical Equipment (CTI, Complex Technical Index). As part of this study, an analysis of the pedagogical effectiveness of three methods was carried out, including: the Kodái method, the Suzuki method and the Orff system. This analysis was carried out on a sample of 347 piano performers aged 8 to 16 years, studying in 14 different music schools in the Russian Federation. One method that has gained popularity is the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in music lessons.
The exercises for the development of breathing of the future vocalist
Authors: Вэньлай С.
Published: March 2024

Первое упражнение заключается в скрещивании рук за головой и надавливании на нее, чтобы растянуть грудино-ключично-сосцевидный отросток. Второе упражнение состоит из постепенного сгибания туловища на выдохе, касаясь головой рук пола, а затем медленного разгибания. Третье упражнение предлагает потянуться и зевнуть для расслабления гортани. Четвертое упражнение заключается в контроле дыхания: вдохнуть через нос, задержать дыхание, а затем медленно выдохнуть через рот. После каждого из упражнений вокалист может почувствовать расслабление тела и снятие стресса. В тексте также отмечается, что расслабление полезно, но необходимо избегать чрезмерного расслабления. Основная цель релаксации - быстро расслабиться и снизить частоту сердечных сокращений для использования голоса в благоприятных условиях. Затем описываются два упражнения для подготовки мышц живота и развития дыхания. Первое упражнение заключается в втягивании и вытягивании живота, а второе – в выполнении дыхательных циклов с расширением живота на выдохе и вдохом через нос. Автор делает вывод о необходимости не блокировать дыхание, а приучать гортань регулировать поток воздуха во время фонации.

The first exercise consists in crossing the arms behind the head and pressing on it to stretch the sternocleidomastoid process. The second exercise consists of a gradual flexion of the trunk on exhalation, touching the floor with the head of the hands, and then a slow extension. The third exercise suggests stretching and yawning to relax the larynx. The fourth exercise is to control breathing: inhale through the nose, hold your breath, and then slowly exhale through the mouth. After each of the exercises, the vocalist can feel the relaxation of the body and stress relief. The text also notes that relaxation is useful, but it is necessary to avoid excessive relaxation. The main purpose of relaxation is to relax quickly and lower your heart rate to use your voice in favorable conditions. Then two exercises are described to prepare the abdominal muscles and develop breathing. The first exercise consists in retracting and stretching the abdomen, and the second – in performing breathing cycles with the expansion of the abdomen on exhalation and inhalation through the nose. The text also warns of the need not to block breathing, but to teach the larynx to regulate the flow of air during phonation.
Optimization of the child's development in the prenatal period of ontogenesis using the musical method "Sonatal"
Authors: Лазарев М.Л.
Published: March 2024

В статье представлены материалы исследования по применению метода «Сонатал» (от лат. sonus — звук, natal — рожденный, музыка рождения), направленного на оптимизацию процессов морфо-функционального и, в частности, психоэмоционального созревания плода, стимуляцию его двигательной активности, профилактику пренатальной гипоксии, а также на обучение беременной женщины навыкам общения с ребенком еще до его рождения, на оптимизацию состояния ее здоровья, улучшение самочувствия и подготовку к родам. Применение метода способствует регуляции в организме беременной женщины механизмов вегетативного гомеостаза. Основным фактором воздействия при применении метода является голос (пение) беременной женщины, который сопровождается специально разработанными тактильными и двигательными упражнениями и выступает в качестве инструмента эмоционально-дыхательного тренинга матери и плода. Под влиянием вокально-речевых, дыхательных и двигательных упражнений матери у плода возникают эмоциональные реакции, адекватные воспринимаемым раздражителям, формируются первичные рефлекторные связи между звуками музыки, звуками речи, эмоциями, дыханием и движением. При этом происходит адаптация сердечно-сосудистой системы плода к дыхательно-двигательным нагрузкам, формируются биоритмы дородовой и послеродовой жизни. Метод рекомендован Министерством здравоохранения РФ.

The article presents research materials on the use of the "Sonatal" method (from Latin sonus — sound, natal — born, music of birth), aimed at optimizing the processes of morpho-functional and, in particular, psychoemotional maturation of the fetus, stimulation of its motor activity, prevention of prenatal hypoxia, as well as teaching a pregnant woman communication skills with the child even before his birth, to optimize her health, improve her well-being and prepare for childbirth. The use of the method contributes to the regulation of the mechanisms of vegetative homeostasis in the body of a pregnant woman. The main influence factor in the application of the method is the voice (singing) of a pregnant woman, which is accompanied by specially developed tactile and motor exercises and acts as an instrument of emotional and respiratory training of the mother and fetus. Under the influence of vocal-speech, respiratory and motor exercises of the mother, the fetus develops emotional reactions adequate to perceived stimuli, primary reflex connections are formed between the sounds of music, speech sounds, emotions, breathing and movement. At the same time, the cardiovascular system of the fetus adapts to respiratory and motor loads, biorhythms of prenatal and postpartum life are formed. The method is recommended by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
The lived experience of chronic pain for Māori: how can this inform service delivery and clinical practice? A systematic review and qualitative synthesis
Authors: Antunovich Dana , Romana Jordine , Lewis Gwyn , Morunga Eva , Bean Debbie
Published: March 2024

aim: To synthesise the literature describing experiences of chronic pain and pain management for Māori, and to understand how this experience could inform service delivery and clinical practice. method: We systematically searched for qualitative research on Māori chronic pain experiences (Scopus, Medline, APA PsycINFO, NZ Research, Research Square). Data extracted were coded and synthesised using thematic analysis. results: Seven studies were included. Three themes encapsulated the data: 1) a multidimensional view of pain and pain management: Māori expressed a holistic and integrated understanding of the multiple factors that influence pain and its management, 2) a responsibility: respectful tikanga-informed care: the experiences of Māori participants with healthcare highlight a need for antiracist approaches, and a clinical responsibility to practice manaakitanga and tikanga, and 3) tino rangatiratanga: a desire for knowledge, choice and autonomy in pain management: Māori valued the empowering nature of knowledge about pain, and information and support to make decisions about treatment, including considerations regarding Western and traditional Māori medicine. conclusion: Health services need to understand and respect the multidimensional aspects of pain, minimise racism and discrimination, use whakawhanaungatanga, manaakitanga, and tikanga-informed practices, and provide appropriate information to support tino rangatiratanga for pain management.
“Closed books”: restrictions to primary healthcare access in Aotearoa New Zealand—reporting results from a survey across general practices
Authors: Irurzun-Lopez Maite , Pledger Megan , Mohan Nisa , Jeffreys Mona , McKenzie Fiona , Cumming Jacqueline
Published: March 2024

aim: In Aotearoa New Zealand, primary care is organised by enrolling patients with a primary care provider. However, the benefits of this arrangement are frustrated when providers “close their books” due to insufficient capacity for new patients. We investigated the extent, evolution and impact of this situation on health access and equity in access to primary healthcare. method: We distributed a survey for general practice personnel in 2022, yielding 227 valid responses. We examined responses across respondents’ practice characteristics, including practice size, rural–urban setting, average co-payments, region and ethnic composition of the catchment population. results: Most general practices are selectively enrolling their patients. In 2022, only 28% of respondents freely enrolled new people. Since 2019, most respondents (79%) had “closed books” or limited enrolments at some point. The situation worsened between 2019 and 2022, compromising equal opportunity and access in healthcare. conclusion: Restricted enrolment poses a widespread barrier to health access and equity, and it worsened since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Addressing closed books and limited enrolments in general practice could significantly improve health services’ access and equity. The study aims to inform ongoing health reforms.
“I lost my first tooth here”: Syrian former refugees' experiences of oral healthcare in Dunedin, New Zealand
Authors: Al Naasan Zeina , Broadbent Jonathan , Duncan Warwick , Smith Moira
Published: March 2024

aim: Oral health conditions are highly prevalent among former refugees; however, little is known about their experiences of accessing dental care. We aimed to explore Syrian former refugees’ experiences of oral healthcare in New Zealand. method: Thirty-nine Syrian former refugees resettled in Dunedin, New Zealand participated in nine focus group discussions. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. results: Almost all participants reported motivation to care for their teeth but multiple factors facilitated or hindered their ability to address their oral health needs, including financial factors, communication issues and dental care provider cultural safety. Most participants arrived with high expectations of New Zealand’s health system. conclusion: Oral healthcare providers and policymakers need to expect and accept their patients’ past experiences and emotions, and consider their cultures, languages and backgrounds.
Emergency department attendances for persistent pelvic pain are not reduced following laparoscopic surgery for women with or without endometriosis
Authors: Joseph Karen
Published: March 2024

aim: To explore the change in emergency department (ED) attendances for persistent pelvic pain (PPP) following laparoscopic treatment of endometriosis. methods: A retrospective service evaluation was conducted on a convenience sample of 1 calendar year of elective gynaecological laparoscopies for PPP. Data were collected on ED visits for surgical complications, and for PPP in the 12 months prior to and following surgery. results: Of the 195 women undergoing laparoscopy, 30 had attended the ED owing to their PPP in the preceding year. Endometriosis was found and treated in 51% of the cohort and no cause for pain was found in the other 96 women. Eighteen women suffered postoperative complications. In the subsequent 12 months, 31 of the cohort attended the ED for PPP. Likelihood of unscheduled hospital visits for post-operative complications and for exacerbations of pain in the year prior to and following surgery was independent of the presence of endometriosis lesions. conclusions: In a cohort of women living with PPP, laparoscopic surgery failed to reduce the need to attend the ED owing to their pain. Further investigation into interventions that can reduce the burden of pain on these women and the healthcare system is required.
Children’s toys no longer: a porcine model study of the lethality of modern air rifles
Authors: Peek Kevin , Black Benjamin
Published: March 2024

aims: We observed modern spring-loaded air rifles reaching velocities similar to small-bore rifles, raising concerns about their potential lethality. After encountering two life-threatening thoracic injuries in our practice, we conducted a study to assess the injuries that a commonly available air rifle could cause in a porcine cadaver model. methods: We conducted shooting experiments from 5 and 10 metres away using a .22 calibre spring-loaded airgun, firing five shots into the anterolateral chest on the left side at both distances. Additionally, we repeated the experiment with ten shots into 10% ballistics gel behind an explanted chest wall to evaluate chest wall penetration reliability. results: Out of the ten combined shots, six resulted in lethal or potentially lethal injuries, including multiple cardiac injuries. Moreover, we observed chest wall penetration in 9 out of 10 shots, with an average penetration depth of 106mm. Non-life-threatening injuries appeared to be influenced by shot location rather than an inability to penetrate the chest wall. conclusion: Our study raises significant concerns about the potential lethality of unrestricted air rifles in New Zealand. With muzzle velocities comparable to small-bore rifles, these firearms should be reconsidered in terms of regulation and possibly restricted to gun license holders.
Effect of substituting cow milk with saga bean (Adenanthera pavonina, Linn)
milk during the processing of saga soft cheese
Authors: Amar A. , Sukotjo S. , Nurani D. , Andini D.
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to optimize the substitution of cow milk with saga bean milk for the
production of saga soft cheese (SSC). The design of the experiment was completely
random. In the five formulae used, the ratio of saga milk: cow's milk (v/v), consecutively
referred to as F3, F4, F5, F6 and F7 are as follows: 80:20; 70:30; 60:40; 50:50; 40:60. The
enzyme and starter cheese culture used in this experiment were the same as those used for
manufacturing commercial soft cheese. The experiment was performed four times, and the
parameters measured were clotting time, yield, texture profile analysis and a preference
test. We observed that 50% and 40% substitution of cow milk substitution with saga bean
milk was optimal for producing SSC. The formulae did not differ significantly (p<0.05) in
terms of clotting time, and yield obtained, and the highest percentage of sensory value
response was 90%. As a result, the product was highly accepted by the panellists and
required slight improvement in sensory parameters. The five parameters in the texture
profile analysis, hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, springiness and chewiness, differed
significantly (p<0.05). The maximum utilization of saga milk, which was acceptable in
terms of the process, yield and sensory value was F6 (50% saga milk: 50% cow milk). The
selected product had a clotting time for 67±2.12 min, a yield of 21.31±3.88%, and texture
with a hardness of 49.58±3.23 gf, the cohesiveness of 0.91±0.05 and springiness of
0.71±0.04 mm. The use of saga milk up to 50% for manufacturing of SSC is
recommended to produce a product, it has passed the sensory test of panellists.
Development of cellulose based food-ink from cellulose powder
Authors: Azman N.Y. , Fuzi S.F.Z.M. , Abdul Manas N.H.
Published: March 2024

Three-dimensional or 3D printing studies utilizing biopolymer, a digital manufacturing
technology acting as additive manufacturing, have gained global attention, particularly in
the food industries. However, the utilization of cellulose powder to create food ink for 3D
printing is relatively recent. Therefore, this study aimed to prepare cellulose-based food
ink, analysed using carboxymethyl cellulose powder (CMC) through rheology and thermal
analysis. The formulated cellulose-based food ink from carboxymethyl cellulose powder
underwent examination through rheology, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier
-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed shear-thinning behaviour
for rheology properties and the presence of the hydroxyl group (–OH stretching), C–H
stretching vibration and ether groups (–O– stretching), which was excellent for 3D
printing. The amount of CMC powder used in the food ink formulation was increased due
to the higher thermal stability of the food ink as determined by the TGA. This discovery is
applicable to 3D printing in the food industry since CMC powder exhibits shear thinning
behaviour at low concentrations and has stable thermal characteristics comparable to
printable and edible materials.
Bacteriological parameters of some farmed fish species marketed in Egypt
Authors: Attia A.H. , Hassan M.A. , Eldaly E.A. , Abo Elenien N.H. , Elrais A.M.
Published: March 2024

Fish is considered a valuable source of protein in Egypt. In this study ninety fish samples
were collected from farmed fish marketed in Zagazig City, Egypt. The samples were
Mugil cephalus, Oreochromis niloticus and Claris lazera. In each case, 30 samples were
subjected to bacteriological analysis and compared with Egyptian standards for chilled
fish. The mean value of aerobic plate count (APC) was 3.17×104 ± 0.42×104
, 2.41×105 ±
0.28×105
and 5.63×105 ± 0.61×105 CFU/g and the acceptability according to APC was
100%, 86.7%, and 80% of examined M. cephalus, O. niloticus and C. lazera, respectively.
The total coliform counts were 1.33×102 ± 0.19×102
, 3.52×102 ± 0.46×102
and 6.10×102 ±
0.54×102 CFU/g and the acceptability were 90%, 83.3%, and 73.3% for M. cephalus, O.
niloticus and C. lazera, respectively. Staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) producing S. aureus
was detected in 1(3.3%) from M. cephalus as (SEA+SEC), 1(3.3%) of O. niloticus as SEB
and in 3 (10%) of C. lazera as SEA, SED, (SEA+SEC). Escherichia. coli and Salmonellae
were detected in 2/30 (6.7%) and 3/30(10%), 6/30(20%) and 4/30(13.3%), 7/20(23.3%)
and 6/30(20%) of M. cephalus, O. niloticus and C. lazera tested, respectively. Meanwhile,
Listeria monocytogenes was detected in only one sample of the examined C. lazera 1/30
(3.3%). The results obtained should point the way to the importance of implementing food
safety systems from the beginning of production to the consumer's hand.
Chemical changes of aloe vera gel during the preparation of instant powder and
its antioxidant activity
Authors: Wariyah Ch. , Riyanto  , Slamet A.
Published: March 2024

Aloe vera contains flavonoid compounds with high antioxidant activity in powder form,
which is usually affected by the encapsulating agent. Maltodextrin is currently used as an
encapsulating agent because of its high solubility, while gum arabic is a viscous substance
that increases oxidation resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to produce aloe vera
instant powder with a mixture of maltodextrin and gum arabic as an encapsulating agent
and evaluate the chemical changes during the preparation of powder with high antioxidant
activity. The powder was processed by mixing aloe vera gel with an encapsulating agent
of maltodextrin and gum arabic mixture in a ratio of 1/1 with variations of 5%, 10% and
15%. Each sample was dried using a drum dryer at 120°C, 130°C and 140°C. During
preparation, the samples were analyzed for their moisture content, phenolic content,
flavonoid content and antioxidant activity expressed as DPPH radical scavenging activity.
The results showed that the addition of encapsulating agents decreased the moisture
content, phenolic content, and flavonoid content of aloe vera gel, however no significant
effect (p>0.05) on antioxidant activity. Drying at a higher temperature will produce aloe
vera powder with higher antioxidant activity. The aloe vera instant powder which was
produced with a 5% encapsulating agent at the drying temperature of 130°C had high
antioxidant activity of 26.21±7.58%.
Kinetic bio-reaction modelling durian seed fused Lactobacillus plantarum
suspension by high-order embedded runge-kutta
Authors: Hidayat J.P. , Putri A.A. , Munfarida S. , Kumoro A.C.
Published: March 2024

The advantage and added value of durian seed flour is increased by biochemical modification
to substitute the functional properties of wheat flour. The research was carried out by
immersing durian seed into Lactobacillus plantarum suspension. The purpose was to analyze
the effect of durian seed consistency, starter concentration, and several bio-reaction kinetic
parameters of durian seed chop with L. plantarum. This involves washing and cutting durian
seed, immersing the seed in Na2S2O5 solution, fermenting durian seed using L. plantarum
bacteria, drying fermented durian seed, grinding, and sifting 80 mesh of fermented durian seed
flour. The modified durian seed sample was analyzed for several functional and microbial
parameters, such as the carbonyl group, carboxyl group, degree of substitution, and the
number of bacteria by SPC method with various independent variable. The loose variable
occurs in 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% b/v substrate concentration, starter concentration of
2.5%, 5%, 10% v/v and fermentation period initiated from 8 multiples until 40 hrs. The
kinetic fermentation model was compiled and optimized solver using a third order runge kutta.
Based on the results, modified durian seed flour showed a significant change in functional
properties compared to unmodified. The maximum specific growth rate of L. plantarum in
durian seed slices was 1.902/hr. The maximum bacterial concentrations (Xm), Kd, Yx/s, and
Ks obtained in this study were 8.69×1020 CFU/mL, 1.631/hr, 5.375 CFU/mL g-1
, and 4.49 g/L,
respectively. The optimal condition of durian seed flour was at 15% w/v substrate
concentration and 5% v/v starter concentration at 24-hr fermentation time with a swelling
power value of 8.5 g/g, 7.64% solubility, 162.43% WAC and 28.81% OAC. Though the
functional properties obtained were still not close to commercial wheat flour, there was a
significant increase compared to native durian seed flour. Hence, the data obtained showed
that fermented durian seed flour has potential to be used as wheat flour alternative.
Effect of cross-linking agents on sodium alginate-based quercetin beads:
physicochemical properties and controlled release kinetics
Authors: Prasetyaningrum A. , Rokhati N. , Djaeni M. , Kumoro A.C. , Purwati D. , Hakiim A. , Ashianti A.D. , Utomo D.P.
Published: March 2024

Alginates have a variety of biological, physical, and chemical properties that can be
modified to meet a specific purpose. Ionic crosslinking is an easy method of alginate
modification. This study examined the ionic crosslinking agents (Ca2+, Ba2+, Mg2+) on
swelling ratio, water solubility, and % sol-gel fraction of modified alginate. The
performance of the modified alginate used to encapsulate quercetin, such as %
encapsulation efficiency (% EE), % release of quercetin, and quercetin release kinetics
were examined. The variables used in this study were the concentration of alginate and
ionic crosslinking agents. At 3% alginate concentration and 0.3 M, ionic crosslinking
agent concentration positively correlated with swelling ratio and water solubility. In
contrast, the ionic crosslinking agent that positively correlates to the % sol-gel fraction is
Ca2+. Encapsulation of quercetin using a crosslinking agent with ion Ca2+ and 2.5 ppm of
quercetin concentration showed the highest % EE of 87%. Modified alginate induced
quercetin release from beads at pH 1.4 and 7. The release of quercetin from modified
alginate followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model (R2
>0.99). The results of the FTIR
analysis confirmed that a new peak at 1271 cm-1 was C-O-C characteristic of quercetin,
indicating quercetin loaded on encapsulated beads. The morphological analysis showed
that the surface of modified alginate (Ca-Ag/Ba-Ag/Mg-Ag) was rough and porous. This
study established that modified alginate using different ionic crosslinking agents can be a
suitable matrix for encapsulating quercetin.
Application of modified corn starch in stabilization of ultrasonic-assisted
pickering oil in water emulsion
Authors: Aryanti N. , Wardhani D.H. , Nafiunisa A. , Putri N.A.Y. , Firmansyah R.A. , Cahyani N.D. , Nabila S.
Published: March 2024

Starch is a sustainable and cheap raw material claimed as a good emulsion stabilizer for
edible products either in food or pharmaceutical industry. To produce an emulsion
stabilized by food based edible stabilizer, this study focused on the non-chemical starch
modification for oil in water (O/W) emulsion stabilization produced by ultrasonic
emulsification. The results showed that the finest emulsion was obtained at power rate of
500 W for 7 mins of sonication. The stability of the emulsion was investigated by
turbidity, centrifugal stability values and droplet size. Pre-gelatinized corn starch (PCS)
stabilizer showed better emulsion stability compared to gelatinized corn starch (GCS) due
to the different polysaccharide components of the two modified cornstarch. GCS mainly
contained amylose while the PCS contained both amylose and amylopectin. The emulsion,
stabilized by 6 wt.% of PCS and addition of 3 wt.% of tween-80 exhibited excellent
storage stability, along the 30 days storage. The results showed the lowest turbidity of
1.01 cm-1
, centrifugal stability value of 36.85% and average droplet diameter of 14.27 µm.
Drying banana slices using photovoltaic ventilation solar dryer
Authors: Suherman S. , Hadiyanto H. , Asy-Syaqiq M.A. , Brastayudha A.A. , Fahrudin M.W.
Published: March 2024

The economic value of bananas is quite low due to the high volume of production and the
short shelf life of the fruit. One of the popular methods of preserving agricultural produce
is drying. The objectives of this research include determining the drying kinetics curve
profile of banana slices and the drying rate using a solar dryer, analyzing the profile of
incoming and outgoing air temperature, solar intensity, air humidity in the solar drying
device, evaluating the performance of the solar dryer in terms of drying efficiency, as well
as measuring the quality and comparing the solar-dried banana product with the open sun
method. The temperature profile of the drying chamber remained relatively stable,
throughout the drying process due to the addition of photovoltaic panel to generate
electrical energy to run the D.C. fans and electrical heater. The fastest drying occurs in
solar drying of photovoltaic ventilation with temperature of 60oC with a drying time of 8
hours and resulting in moisture content of 8.57%. The drying rate in solar instruments of
photovoltaic ventilation at variable temperatures of 60oC, 50oC, 40oC and open sun drying
has an average drying rate of 0.0921 g/min, 0.0784 g/min, 0.0653 g/min, and 0.0529 g/
min, respectively. The drying rate decreases as the drying time increases. The average
efficiency of the dryer at 40°C, 50°C and 60°C, were 3.109%, 3.393% and 3.915%,
respectively. For the quality analysis of the dried banana slice, the structure of dried
banana slices with SEM analysis tends to be irregular and the surface was smooth. There
were 20 compounds detected by GCMS method in dried banana slices, where there were
five compounds that had the widest area or the largest presentation, namely 26.22%
hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (CAS), 24.59% ethyl oleate, 5.47% silan, triethyl-fluoro-,
5.05% bis(2- ethylhexyl) ether and 4.83% ascorbaric acid (Vit-C).