bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nationalism, Purity, and Danger: “Cross-Border Intimacy” in Russian Digital Media
Authors: Timoshkin Dmitry
Published: July 2023

The article explores narratives of the “cross-border intimacy” in Russian-language digital media. The text arrays generated by migrants, representatives of the host community, and professional journalists in digital media are analyzed. We identified and compared the meanings that are given to marriages between migrants and “locals”. Texts were selected from 10 of the most quoted Russian Internet media, city public sites of the largest Russian social network Vkontakte, Internet forums on combinations of the keywords “migrant”, “marriage”, “married”, and “married”, as well as ethno-chronyms, that is, immigrants from the main donor countries to the Russian Federation. Qualitative content analysis has become a research tool. It has been established that migrants and representatives of the host community are equally involved in the production of values of cross-border proximity whose position is broadcast by professional media, especially the Russian bureaucracy. All three groups of the senders of statements on social networks discussing cross-border proximity reproduce the rhetoric of “purity” and “danger” in different forms. This rhetoric is similar to the description of objects that fall out of conventional social categories presented in the works of M. Douglas. In digital media, cross-border intimacy is seen as an existential threat to the integrity of an imaginary community, often metaphorically referred to as a female body. Physical contact with a “stranger”, such as “our” woman with a “stranger” man, is first of all considered as a contagious rite, a result of which the “dirt” peculiar to the “stranger” is transmitted to the imaginary community as a whole. People who broadcast this narrative make claims to the role of “defenders” of an imaginary community from “unconventional” contacts between “their own” and “strangers”. The narrative of “protection from dirt” is used as a way to legitimize their own power by men, bureaucrats, and parents. We found a watershed between the professional and social media. This watershed lies in the fact that the narrative about the need to keep the “purity” of an imaginary community is constantly challenged in social media, unlike professional ones. Love and freedom of individual choice are placed above the inviolability of the boundaries of imaginary communities, thus legitimizing cross-border closeness. The analysis of the material allowed us to put the hypothesis forward that social media contributes to the destruction and delegitimization of the nationalist narrative dominating in professional media. This is primarily used by social groups, in respect of which the power legitimized by the narrative of “purity” is applied; such groups are formed primarily by women, as well as representatives of the “second generation” of migrants.
Fear of crime: The concept’s evolution from 2001 to 2021
Authors: Valero-Matas Jesus-Alberto , Muñoz Sandoval Carlos Andrés
Published: July 2023

The article aims at the general description of the academic research that examines the fear of crime concept after September 11, 2001, when new areas of research became a part of security studies, substantially changing the very understanding of fear of crime. Thus, there was a change in the academic models for examining the social perception of crime. At first, there were some fruitful years for the sociological analysis of the fear of crime concept. Today, sociological studies of fear of crime continue, but this concept became even more important for criminological studies. Therefore, we analyzed the fear of crime category in the articles published in peer-reviewed academic journals in the criminological and sociological perspectives (Sage, Jstor, EbscoHost, and others). The findings explain the evolution of the fear of crime concept in the research from 2001 to 2021. For Latin America, the concept of fear is quite recent, which is very different from other regions of the world. Moreover, the interpretation of fear in Latin America is very different from both Europe and the United States. Although Latin America and the United States have much in common, the article presents the unique features of the Latin-American approach to this phenomenon.
Risk factors and incidence rate of complications originated as a consequence of the acute SARS-CoV-2 infection or the treatments performed. A longitudinal study in general medicine from March 15, 2020 to October 31, 2022 in Toledo, Spain
Authors: Jose Luis Turabian
Published: July 2023

Background: The epidemiological data on complications originated as a consequence of the acute infection of COVID-19 or the treatments performed are not well known. Objectives: To estimate the incidence rate and the risk factors of complications originating as a consequence of the acute infection of COVID-19 or the treatments performed in general practitioner consultation. Methodology: A prospective study of patients with COVID-19 in a general practice setting in Toledo, Spain, from March 15, 2020, to October 31, 2022. Results: 687 positive cases of acute COVID-19 were diagnosed. Of these, 36 (36% were women and 39% had >=65 years old) presented complications, which represents a gross incidence rate of 5%. In >=65 years old, the incidence rate was 23%. The incidence rate of complications was much higher in 2020 vs. 2021 and 2022 (21%, 5%, and 1% cases, respectively). The only statistically significant risk factors were aged > = 65 years (RR = 2.46), having presented moderate-severe severity of primary infection (RR = 14.54) having chronic diseases (RR = 3.11), and specifically of the circulatory system (RR = 1.98). Conclusion: In the context of general medicine in Toledo (Spain) incidence rate of complications originated as a consequence of acute infection of COVID-19 or the treatments performed, was higher in cases with acute infection in 2020, and in >=65 years old, and are risk factors having presented moderate-severe severity of primary infection, having chronic diseases, and specifically of circulatory system, and being >= 65 years old.
İstanbul Hakkında Seçilmiş Yemek Kültürü Kitapları Bibliyografyası
Authors: DAYLAN Onur
Published: July 2023

Ülkemizde yemek kitapları bibliyografyası sınırlı sayıdadır. Uzun süredir bu alanda bir çalışma yapılmadığı için; son 25 yılda basılmış ve İstanbul’u merkez alan yeme içme ile ilgili kitaplardan bir bibliyografya yapma gereği duyulmuştur. Böylece yemek kültürü üzerine çalışan araştırmacılar hem güncel bir çalışmaya kavuşabilecekler hem de başlangıç noktası İstanbul olacak bu bibliyografyadan hareketle, başka şehirlerin, bölgelerin bibliyografyalarını hazırlayarak yemek kültürüne geniş bir perspektif kazandırılabileceklerdir.
Recent Topology-based Routing Approaches in VANETs: A Review
Authors: GÜNEŞ Ali Fuat , ABASIKELEŞ İpek
Published: July 2023

Due to increasing both safety and efficiency of the traffic, Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is a promising technology of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). Unique characteristics of VANETs including high mobility and strict delay constraints, require new routing solutions specific to these networks to be proposed. As one of those solutions, topology-based routing approaches aim to find the shortest path by managing routing tables. In this paper, recent topology-based routing approaches for VANETs are investigated in detail. Proactive, reactive and hybrid solutions are compared with respect to their advantages, disadvantages, updating procedures and network sizes. This paper will shed light on future studies since it provides detailed information about the current status of the literature in topology-based routing approaches in VANETs.
Communicative empathy in the sermons of Antonii Radyvylovskyi
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, OLESHKO Yulia
Published: July 2023

The paper deals with empathy as a category of communicative linguistics. Generally speaking, empathy is an interpersonal phenomenon that determines the ability to project one’s personality onto the object of contemplation and thus fully understand it. Verbal empathy is defined as the speaker’s identification, which may vary in degree, with a person/thing that participates in the event. Linguistic empathy is a phenomenon that goes beyond grammar. The speaker’s identification with a certain position is represented in the utterance through the unconscious/automatic choice of one of the normatively correct options, which convey a pragmatically different attitude. Such related to empathy concepts as point of view/viewpoint/perspective and deictic center are briefly discussed in the paper. They all are similar with what S. Kuno names “camera angle”; their meanings are overlapping, but not identical. The relationship between psychological empathy and linguistic/communicative empathy is defined in different ways: linguistic empathy is designed only to formally identify the speaker with a participant in the event referred to in the utterance, or linguistic empathy inevitably verbalizes the empathy and sympathy of another. When preaching, the priest must understand what his congregation feels (cognitive empathy) and convey these experiences accordingly (communicative empathy), and while conveying, mentally relate to the parishioners (affective empathy). In the sermons of the Baroque homilet of the 17th century Antonii Radyvylovskyi, perhaps the most important expression of the speaker’s empathy towards his interlocutor-listener is the Old Ukrainian language. Other markers of communicative empathy, such as translation, interpretation, localization, folklore element use, have been identified in the sermons of Antonii Radyvylovskyi. Undoubtedly, among his listeners there were people of various backgrounds, educations and types of activity, since not only the brothers of the monastery were present during the service, but also “ordinary people” who came to pray to the Pechersk miracle workers. Therefore, the author strives to compose sermons that would appreciate the first and understand the second. These sermons were to be accessible and popular.
“Dictionary of foreign words” by Z. Kuzelia and M. Chaikovsky as a reflection of the specificity of person’s names in the linguistic worldview of Ukrainians from Galicia and Bukovyna
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, KUZMENKO Yuliia
Published: July 2023

The article analyses the lexical-semantic group (LSG) for the designation of persons according to the type of activity and profession in the lexicographic work Dictionary of Foreign Words by Zenon Kuzelia and Mykola Chaikovsky (1910 edition). This dictionary was chosen as one of the first comprehensive dictionaries of foreign vocabulary in Ukraine. The dictionary consists of the main part (12 thousand words), where the interpretation of adopted words is provided, and the appendix, where borrowed words and phrases used in the Ukrainian language are given. This appendix is examined in the article. This group of vocabulary was choosen because it reflects a fragment of the linguistic worldview of Ukrainians of the selected time period. Research of linguistic worldview makes possible to more elaborately reconstruct the structure of Ukrainian society from the end of the 18th century to modern times, which represented, in particular, by the names of professions. Some of these names are no longer used in the modern Ukrainian language. The peculiarities of this lexicon have been determined on the phonetic, lexical, morphological and syntactic levels. At the lexical level, intrasystem connections, namely synonymy, polysemy, and semantics are considered in detail. We also considered the spelling features of the dictionary. In addition, we paid attention to certain moments of word usage at the beginning of the 20th century and to the encyclopedic nature of the dictionary as a whole. A comparative table of borrowed vocabulary recorded in Kuzelia’s and Tchaikovsky’s work as well as in Borys Hrinchenko’s, who also was the author of a dictionary at the beginning of the 20th century, was created. The sources of borrowing of this LSG have been determined in Kuzelia’s, Tchaikovsky’s and Hrinchenko’s dictionaries. This LSG is considered as an element of the Ukrainian linguistic worldview at the beginning 20th century.
Radikalleşme ile Mücadelede İstihbarat Örgütlerinin Rolü: Danimarka Güvenlik ve İstihbarat Servisi (Politiets Efterretningstjeneste- PET) Örneği
Authors: Kılıç Kaan , Selçuk Zeynep
Published: July 2023

Radikalleşme ile mücadelede istihbarat örgütlerinin rolü ve çalışma alanı tartışmalı bir konudur. Özellikle siyasal gerekçelerle radikalleşme ve terör kavramlarına vurgu yapılması, toplum içerisinde istihbaratın muhalifleri bastırmaya yönelik bir aygıt olarak kullanıldığı algısına neden olacaktır. Öte yandan istihbaratın imkân ve kabiliyetlerine başvurulmadan radikalleşme ile mücadele edilmesinin mümkün olamayacağı değerlendirilmektedir. İstihbarat, radikalleşme ile mücadelede uygulanan programların kapsadığı önleme, baskı ve müdahale araçlarının her birinde etkin bir fonksiyona sahip olmalıdır. Çalışma, otoriteler tarafından nispeten başarılı bir uygulama olarak değerlendirilen Danimarka Modeline istihbarat örgütlerinin iştirakini ve bu programlardaki işlevini inceleyecektir.
“Hibrit Savaş” Teriminin İkinci Lübnan Savaşı ve Rusya’nın Kırım’ı İlhakı Kapsamında İncelenmesi
Authors: Kaplan Fırat
Published: July 2023

“Hibrit savaş” terimi İkinci Lübnan Savaşı ve 2014 yılında Rusya’nın Kırım’ı ilhakı neticesinde güvenlik çevrelerinde popüler olmuştur. Günümüzde dünya üzerinde meydana gelen çeşitli gerilimler ve çatışmalar terimin albenisinden de faydalanarak açıklanabilmektedir. Bunun neticesinde zaten anlaşılması ve kavranması kolay olmayan savaş olgusunun başına sıfat getirerek açıklama eğilimi tezahür etmektedir. Oysa çatışan iki aktörün karşılıklı hamlelerinin doğru anlaşılabilmesi ve analiz edilmesi için aslında tarafların uyguladığı hareket tarzlarının, tasarladıkları harekât tasarımlarında saklı olabileceği hususu gözden kaçırılmamalıdır. Bu kapsamda bu makalede “hibrit” etiketi ile bağdaştırılan bu iki çatışma analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma metodolojisi benimsenmiş, ağırlık merkezi analizi, söylem analizi ve yorumsamacılık gibi bilimsel araştırma tekniklerinden yararlanılmış ve temel veri kaynakları olarak bilimsel kitap, makale ve rapor gibi ikincil kaynaklardan faydalanılmıştır.
Spectral amplification in a sediment-filled Valley exhibiting clear basin-edge-induced waves
Authors: Field Edward H.
Published: July 2023

Various site-response estimates are presented for a linear array deployed in the Coachella Valley, California, during the 1992 Landers/Big Bear aftershock sequence. This systematic comparison is unique in that the response of the site is clearly dominated by basin-edge-induced waves. Average sediment to bedrock spectral ratios for long S-wave windows, which include the basin-edge-induced waves, exhibit amplification factors as high as ∼ 18, below 7 Hz. The deep basin structure, which gives rise to the obvious multi-dimensional effects, produces a fundamental resonant peak that shifts between basin sites (from 0.23 to 0.48 Hz) as the depth to bedrock changes. Above 0.6 Hz, where the largest amplifications occur, the response is remarkably similar between sites and appears to be dominated by a near-surface layer that is relatively uniform across the valley. The apparent fundamental resonant frequency of this layer is between 0.8 and 1 Hz. Sediment to bedrock spectral ratios computed using shorter windows that exclude the basin-edge-induced waves imply that the multi-dimensional effects are significant only below ∼ 4 Hz, where they increase amplifications by an approximate factor of 2. Spectral ratios computed using coda windows, taken at twice the S-wave travel time, exhibit amplifications that are an average factor of 1.7 greater, between 1 and 4 Hz, than those of the S-wave estimates. This discrepancy does not improve by taking coda windows later at four times the S-wave travel time. Horizontal- to vertical-component S-wave spectral ratios do not agree with the sediment to bedrock ratios. However, they do exhibit a clear peak at the fundamental resonant frequency of the deep basin structure. Sediment to bedrock spectral ratios of ambient seismic noise are also inconsistent with the S-wave estimates. However, horizontal to vertical noise ratios exhibit clear peaks near the fundamental resonant frequencies of both the deep basin structure (below 0.6 Hz) and the suspected near-surface layer (between 0.8 and 1 Hz). Therefore, ambient-noise data appear to provide valuable constraints on the basin structure. Ongoing efforts involve multi-dimensional modeling of the observed basin-edge-induced phases and resonant frequencies.
Validation of a procedure for calculating broadband strong-motion time histories with empirical Green's functions
Authors: Jarpe S. P. , Kasameyer P. W.
Published: July 2023

We quantitatively evaluate the validity of an approach to calculating strong ground motion time histories that involves the kinematic modeling of earthquake rupture by using recorded empirical Green's functions to constrain the propagation path and site contribution in the period range 0.05 to 2.0 sec, leaving only the contribution of the source to be specified. In addition, we use numerical Green's functions for long periods (> 10 sec) where the average crustal structure is assumed to be well known. In the intermediate band (2 to 10 sec) where site and path effects are still important but empirical Green's functions have small signal-to-noise ratios, we use an arbitrary smoothing method to connect the numerical and empirical Green's function synthetics. The evaluation presented here consists of comparing actual recordings of the Loma Prieta earthquake at 26 sites to syntheses from a simple source model similar to what is thought to have occurred during the Loma Prieta earthquake. We show that the standard error between observed and predicted response spectra is less than or equal to errors from other methods for periods between 0.05 and 0.4 sec and is significantly less than regression methods based on pre-Loma Prieta empirical strong-motion data at periods between 0.5 and 5.0 sec.

The strong ground motion prediction methodology that we are validating provides an accurate, defendable means to characterize site and path effects and, therefore, allows the uncertainties in the predicted hazard to be due to unresolved issues about the earthquake source such as the geological constraints of a particular fault and details about the physics of earthquakes. This methodology produces accurate and realistic acceleration and displacement time histories, which are becoming increasingly important for modeling the nonlinear response of large, distributed structures and soft soils. The implication for strong ground motion prediction is that a range of representations of an earthquake source based on physically realistic parameters can be used to generate a suite of possible time histories that represent the range of ground motion for that specific site and earthquake. In addition, in the future, as more information about a particular fault and earthquakes in general becomes available, the uncertainty in ground-motion prediction should decrease.
Self-healing slip pulses in dynamic rupture models due to velocity-dependent strength
Authors: Beeler N. M. , Tullis T. E.
Published: July 2023

Seismological observations of short slip duration on faults (short rise time on seismograms) during earthquakes are not consistent with conventional crack models of dynamic rupture and fault slip. In these models, the leading edge of rupture stops only when a strong region is encountered, and slip at an interior point ceases only when waves from the stopped edge of slip propagate back to that point. In contrast, some seismological evidence suggests that the duration of slip is too short for waves to propagate from the nearest edge of the ruptured surface, perhaps even if the distance used is an asperity size instead of the entire rupture dimension. What controls slip duration, if not dimensions of the fault or of asperities?

In this study, dynamic earthquake rupture and slip are represented by a propagating shear crack. For all propagating shear cracks, slip velocity is highest near the rupture front, and at a small distance behind the rupture front, the slip velocity decreases. As pointed out by Heaton (1990), if the crack obeys a negative slip-rate-dependent strength relation, the lower slip velocity behind the rupture front will lead to strengthening that further reduces the velocity, and under certain circumstances, healing of slip can occur. The boundary element method of Hamano (1974) is used in a program adapted from Andrews (1985) for numerical simulations of mode II rupture with two different velocity-dependent strength functions. For the first function, after a slip-weakening displacement, the crack follows an exponential velocity-weakening relation. The characteristic velocity V0 of the exponential determines the magnitude of the velocity-dependence at dynamic velocities. The velocity-dependence at high velocity is essentially zero when V0 is small and the resulting slip velocity distribution is similar to slip weakening. If V0 is larger, rupture propagation initially resembles slip-weakening, but spontaneous healing occurs behind the rupture front. The rise time and rupture propagation velocity depend on the choice of constitutive parameters. The second strength function is a natural log velocity-dependent form similar to constitutive laws that fit experimental rock friction data at lower velocities. Slip pulses also arise with this function. For a reasonable choice of constitutive parameters, slip pulses with this function do not propagate at speeds greater than the Raleighwave velocity. The calculated slip pulses are similar in many aspects to seismic observations of short rise time. In all cases of self-healing slip pulses, the residual stress increases with distance behind the trailing edge of the pulse so that the final stress drop is much less than the dynamic stress drop, in agreement with the model of Brune (1976) and some recent seismological observations of rupture.
Modeling directivity of heterogeneous earthquake ruptures
Authors: Bernard Pascal , Herrero André , Berge Catherine
Published: July 2023

The k-square broadband kinematic model of earthquake rupture proposed by Herrero and Bernard (1994) is reconsidered in order to relax the assumption of an instantaneous slip. The basic k−2 decay of the final slip spectrum is preserved, as well as the constant rupture velocity v. The rise-time τmax is finite, equal to L0/v, where L0 is the width of the slip pulse propagating at the velocity v along the fault (length L). The slip velocity is not constant during the slipping phase; otherwise, the model would produce an ω-square-type radiation for frequencies below fp = 1/τmax and an ω3 decay at higher frequencies. We instead introduce the concept of a scale-dependent rise-time τ(kx), where kx is the wavenumber in the direction of propagation: at a scale smaller than L0, the partial slip at a given wavelength is assumed to be completed in a time proportional to this wavelength after the arrival of the rupture front. At a larger scale, the rise-time τmax is constant, being limited by the arrival of the stopping phases, or by the “self-healing” of the slip pulse. The resulting radiation spectrum is an ω square distorted by frequency-dependent directivity effects. It presents holes at characteristic frequencies, the lowest being fp. In the case of S waves and a narrow pulse model (L0 ≪ L), there is a strong frequency dependence of the directivity effect in the direction of rupture, with a larger amplification at low frequencies (f < fp), controlled by C2d, and a smaller amplification at higher frequencies, controlled by Cd, where Cd is the standard directivity coefficient 1/[1 − v/c cos(ϑ)]. With broader pulses, fp is shifted toward the lowest frequencies, masking the C2d effect, thus reducing the directivity effects to a Cd amplification of the spectral level. More generally, any target spectrum of the far-field displacement—such as any power-law decay ωn—can be simulated: the far-field displacement spectrum is proportional to the spatial slip spectrum, and the corresponding directivity effects will be controlled by Cnd at low frequency and Cn − 1d at high frequencies. In light of this simple model, we analyzed the spectral shapes of the Landers 1992 regional broadband records. The dominant spectral hole observed at about 0.3 Hz is associated to fp, leading to a pulse width of about 10 km—thus a “broad” pulse—and the absence of strong directive amplification suggests a rather slow mean rupture velocity (v/c ≦ 0.8), which is in agreement with published results of the Landers 1992 waveform inversions.
Lost Books from the Collection of the Suffragan of Płock Piotr Aurifaber Lubart (c. 1470–1530)
Authors:   Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Poland, Marszalska Jolanta Małgorzata
Published: July 2023

Thanks to the surviving records compiled before 1939 in the Seminary Library in Płock, we can today reconstruct with a high degree of accuracy the book collection of Piotr Lubart, the Renaissance suffragan of Płock who worked with Bishop Erazm Ciołek and Andrzej Krzycki. The analysis of this already small collection (which has reduced considerably over the centuries) reflects the education he received at Krakow’s Alma Mater under the guidance of Jakub of Gostynin, as well as the interest and need to study the books he acquired during his life and various ecclesiastical functions. The books that he collected during his life are also a significant contribution to completing the biographical profile of a high-ranking clergyman who held the post of suffragan in one of the oldest dioceses in former Poland – in Płock in Mazovia.
Scientific Trip to Lviv as a Form of Educating Archivists at the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University
Authors:   Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Poland, Łosowski Janusz
Published: July 2023

Archival studies programs include periodic study visits in the modern archives. So far, no thorough publications were devoted to them, which is why this text was written. It is focused on visits to Lviv the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University (UMCS) students’, firstly those enrolled in the archivist specialization of the history program, then, since 2012, archival studies. They were organized annually within the period between 2007 and 2019 for groups of six students with their supervisors. The visits lasted seven days each, and their aim was to explore the archives and libraries of Lviv. Each year a similar student group of the Ukrainian University of Lviv in Honor of Ivan Franko came to Lublin and partook in the explorations of Polish archives along with the UMCS students. Over the described period, 74 students of UMCS altogether went to Lviv, and a similar number of Lviv’ students visited Polish archives. The article characterizes the visit program of the Lublin students to Lviv and its execution, and evaluates the effects of the visits with the use of the student reports, short essays as well as the assessments of visits drawn up after years.
How the Suffragan of Chelm Was Beaten with Sticks, or about the Religious Riots in Hrubieszow and Czerniczin in March-April 1636. Oblate of Protestation and Obduracy of Abraham Sladkowski and Examination of Wounds of his Chaplain, Nephew, and Coachman at the Grabowiec Municipal Office
Authors:   Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland, Goszczyński Artur
Published: July 2023

One of the main areas of conflict between the Uniates and the Orthodox in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the early 17th century was the issue of rights to use places of worship. In order to settle the related feuds, a commission was established in 1635 to repartition Orthodox churches in royal towns in proportion to the number of Greek Catholics and Disuniates residing there. One of the centers covered by its efforts was Hrubieszow in the Chełm region, where officials granted the Orthodox the right to own two temples. Despite the verdict, which was favorable to themselves, the non-Uniates there caused riots, during which they attacked a Greek Catholic temple, Catholic clergy and townspeople of the Latin rite. In addition, upon hearing of the arrival of Chelm suffragan Abraham Sladkowski to Czerniczyn, located nearby, they decided to attack the clergyman, to which they convinced the peasants living there. Under their influence, the peasants first attacked the local orthodox church and battered the pop who was in charge of it, and then beat up the aforementioned dignitary, who had arrived there upon hearing of the unrest, not sparing the people accompanying him. As a result of actions taken by the Uniate bishop of Chelm, Methodius Terlecki, the culprits of the incidents were to answer for their actions with their lives and property. However, the punishment was waived after the townspeople did public penance and adopted the Uniate religion.
Fenomena Seks Pranikah pada Masa Remaja
Authors: Nila Shofy Nihayah  , Sevina Dwi Yulingga  , Raissa Dwifandra Putri
Published: July 2023

Premarital sex behavior in adolescents is driven by the condition of adolescents who still want to trymany new things. Other factors are also heavily involved in influencing this premarital sex behaviorsuch as peer influence, lack of parental supervision, easy access to pornographic content, etc. Thereare many negative impacts of this problem. As parents, educational institutions, and even theenvironment can have a positive influence on adolescents so they can avoid premarital sex behavior.This study aims to explore the phenomenon of premarital sex in adolescence. The approach taken isa literature study by systematically collecting data and reviewing several basic theories that arerelevant to the discussion. Until the results are obtained that premarital sexual behavior duringadolescence is still quite high so that more attention is needed to this problem. Many things can away to prevent teenagers from involving into this problem. A wise explanations from parents,education about premarital sex from educational institutions, high self-efficacy, and positive supportfrom the environment can be supporting factors for teenagers to avoid this behavior.
AbstrakPerilaku seks pranikah pada remaja didorong oleh kondisi remaja yang masih ingin mencoba banyakhal baru. Faktor-faktor lain juga banyak terlibat dalam mempengaruhi perilaku seks pranikah iniseperti pengaruh teman sebaya, kurangnya pengawasan orang tua, mudahnya akses kontenpornografi, dll. Banyak dampak negatif dari permasalahan ini. Selayaknya orang tua, lembagapendidikan bahkan lingkungan bisa memberikan pengaruh positif pada remaja hingga bisa terhindardari perilaku seks pranikah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi fenomena seks pranikahpada masa remaja. Pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah studi literatur dengan mengumpulkan datasecara sistematis dan mengkaji beberapa teori dasar yang relevan dengan pembahasan. Hinggadiperoleh hasil bahwasanya perilaku seks pranikah pada masa adolescence masih cukup tinggisehingga perlu adanya perhatian yang lebih lagi terhadap permasalahan ini. Banyak hal yang bisadilakukan guna menghindari remaja agar tidak terjerumus pada permasalahan ini. Penjelasan yangbaik dan bijak dari orang tua, edukasi tentang seks pranikah dari lembaga pendidikan, self efficacyyang tinggi, dan support positif dari lingkungan bisa menjadi faktor pendukung remaja terhindar dariperilaku tersebut.
Optimisme dan Motivasi Belajar di Masa Pandemi COVID-19: Studi pada Mahasiswa Bidikmisi
Authors: Muhammad Ali Jibril  , Mochammad Sa’id
Published: July 2023

Online learning used during the pandemic is very different from learning that has been done before. This had an impact on the smoothness of learning activities during a pandemic and caused a variety of new problems, one of which was a decrease in student learning motivation. This study aims to determine the relationship between optimism and learning motivation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bidikmisi students in the State University of Malang using a quantitative-correlational approach. The sampling technique used is quota sampling with a total of 160 subjects. The research instruments used to collect data were the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) and Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). The results of this study are the correlation coefficient between optimism and learning motivation on the Intrinsic Motivation dimension (rxy = 0.179), on the Extrinsic Motivation dimension (rxy = 0.201), and on the Amotivation dimension (rxy = 0.256). The result shows that there is a significant positive relationship between optimism and learning motivation.
Abstrak
Pembelajaran daring yang digunakan ketika masa pandemi sangat berbeda dengan pembelajaran yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Hal ini berdampak pada kelancaran kegiatan belajar ketika pandemi dan menyebabkan berbagai masalah baru, salah satunya adalah menurunnya motivasi belajar siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara optimisme dan motivasi belajar di masa pandemi COVID-19 pada mahasiswa bidikmisi di Universitas Negeri Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif korelasional. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah sampling kuota dengan jumlah subjek sebanyak 160 orang. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) dan Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara optimisme dan dimensi-dimensi motivasi belajar yaitu dimensi Intrinsic Motivation (rxy= 0,179), Extrinsic Motivation (rxy= 0,201) dan Amotivation (rxy= 0,256). Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara optimisme dan motivasi belajar mahasiswa di masa pandemi COVID-19. Hal ini berarti bahwa semakin tinggi optimisme yang dimiliki mahasiswa, maka motivasi belajarnya akan semakin meningkat.
Big Five Theory di Media Sosial: Ditinjau dari Fenomena Fear of Missing Out (FOMO)
Authors: Hasan Asyhuri  , Alfin Lintang El-Dzani  , Danang Alifian Gandang Panulung  , Azra Rega Naufal Ririchana  , Khasdyah Dwi Dewi Setyoningtias
Published: July 2023

The increasingly massive use of social media in society has had various impacts, one of which is the feeling of Fear of Missing Out (FOMO). FOMO is a fear that a person feels about not being involved in an experience that is considered valuable or important. The purpose of this research is to look at the relationship that arises from the intensity of social media use, feelings of FOMO and personality from the Big Five Theory perspective. The method used in this research is a literature study of five scientific publications based on predetermined criteria. The results obtained are that people with personalities with extraversion and agreeableness scores are more prone to have FOMO, neuroticism personalities are quite vulnerable, and conscientiousness and openness personalities are not correlated with FOMO. Based on these results it is known that each dimension of the big five theory has a different impact in explaining FOMO that occurs in individuals based on the level of intensity of social media use.
Abstrak
Penggunaan media sosial yang semakin masif di masyarakat menimbulkan berbagai dampak, salah satu dampaknya adalah perasaan Fear of Missing Out (FOMO). FOMO merupakan sebuah ketakutan yang dirasakan seseorang karena tidak terlibat didalam sebuah pengalaman yang dianggap berharga atau penting. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan yang muncul dari intensitas penggunaan media sosial, perasaan FOMO dan kepribadian dalam perspektif Big Five Theory. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi literatur terhadap lima publikasi ilmiah berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah orang dengan kepribadian dengan skor extraversion dan agreeableness lebih rentan untuk memiliki FOMO, kepribadian neuroticism cukup rentan, dan kepribadian conscientiousness dan openness tidak berkorelasi dengan FOMO. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut diketahui bahwa masing-masing dimensi big five theory memiliki dampak berbeda-beda dalam menjelaskan FOMO yang terjadi dalam individu yang berdasarkan tingkat intensitas penggunaan media sosialnya.
Thermal analysis of PCM-based hybrid micro-channel heat sinks: A numerical study
Authors: RAMESH Korasikha Naga , SHARMA Thopudurthi Karthikeya
Published: July 2023

Heat sinks play a vital part in the heat dissipation in electronic devices and energy systems. Heat generation in the present-time electronic equipment is very high because of the high power density and the miniaturization of the components. An efficient and high-capacity thermal management system is needed for the efficient performance of the latest electron-ic equipment. Micro-channel heat sinks (MCHS) are an effective solution for the cooling of electronic devices in view of large heat dissipation and compactness. The performance im-provement in the MCHS is the prime focus of most of the researchers. In the present work, the improvement of heat transfer in MCHS with the introduction of phase change material (PCM) was investigated numerically with the help of ANSYS-FLUENT. The finding of the computational model applied for the present numerical work was compared with existing literature and noticed a good agreement with both experimental and simulation studies. The performance of three different PCM-based hybrid MCHS models was studied and compared with the model of MCHS without PCM using the parameters, thermal resistance, temperature uniformity, liquid fraction, and Nusselt number. A good augmentation in the performance of PCM-based MCHS with a maximum 7.3% decrement in thermal resistance and 15.26% in-crease in temperature uniformity was observed. 3-dimensional variation of the liquid fraction with Reynolds number and heat flux is also presented.
Rabbit models of dry eye disease: comparative analysis
Authors:   Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Life Science Centre, Sauletekio av 7, Vilnius, LT 10257, Lithuania, Baranauskas Vytautas , Galgauskas Saulius ,   Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, M. K. Čiurlionio str. 21, Vilnius, LT 03101, Lithuania
Published: July 2023

AIM: To report ocular changes in rabbits after the implementation of three different induction methods to create dry eye (DE) conditions and provides evidence of DE-related disease evolution.
METHODS: Experimental methods were divided into 3 models. The first model used involved triple injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant, 50 µL each, also called the meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) model. In the second model, DE conditions were created by the resection of nictitating membranes (NM), Harderian glands (HG), and main lacrimal glands (LG), also called the LGR model. The third model involved the topical administration of benzalkonium chloride (BAK) 0.1% solution. The Schirmer test, ocular surface staining with fluorescein, and tear break-up time tests were implemented before and after excision. After euthanasia, the ocular tissues were dissected. Cornea, conjunctiva, and meibomian glands were treated with periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) staining and haematoxylin–eosin staining.
RESULTS: The MGD model triggered inflammation of meibomian glands. It detected changes in the lipid layer of the tear film. The bilateral resection of NM, HG, and LG reduced the watering layer of the tear film. The topical administration of BAK of 0.1% solution impacted the mucosal layer of the tear film.
CONCLUSION: Different changes are observed with different DE syndrome models. The composition of the tear film differ depending on which part of the eye is targeted. More studies need to be done to confirm whether an increased thickness of the cornea has any impact on the DE disease.
Efficacy and safety of latanoprost/timolol fixed combination dosed twice daily compared to once daily in patients with primary open angle glaucoma
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia, Azal Anis Baidura , Tang Seng Fai ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia, Othman Othmaliza ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia, Din Norshamsiah Md ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
Published: July 2023

AIM: To evaluate whether latanoprost/timolol fixed combination (LTFC) dosed twice daily may provide further intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction and evaluate the safety profile at this dose.
METHODS: This is an open-labeled, randomized, prospective crossover study on fourty primary open angle glaucoma patients. Two weeks of washout period were followed by randomization to either once daily (OD, group A) or twice daily dosing (BD, group B) of LTFC for 4wk. After another 2-week washout period, the patients’ treatment dose was crossed-over for another 4wk. IOP reduction alongside ocular and systemic side effects were evaluated.
RESULTS: Mean baseline IOP was 18.57±2.93 and 17.8±3.01 mm Hg before OD and BD dose respectively, (P=0.27). Mean IOP after BD dose was statistically lower (12.49±1.59 mm Hg) compared to OD (13.48±1.81 mm Hg, P=0.017). Although IOP reduction after BD dose was more (5.32±3.24 mm Hg, 29.89%) than after OD dosing (5.04 mm Hg, 27.14%), it did not reach statistical significance (P=0.68). Patients switched from OD to BD (group A) showed mean IOP reduction by 0.69 mm Hg [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.09 to 1.48 mm Hg, P=0.078]; but patients switched from BD to OD (group B) had significantly higher mean IOP by 1.25 mm Hg (95%CI: -2.04 to -0.46 mm Hg, P=0.006). BD dose had more ocular side effects albeit mild.
CONCLUSION: Mean IOP after LTFC dosed twice daily is statistically lower, with additional mild side effects.
A novel terminologic “naming-meshing” system using anterior chamber sedimentation for early diagnosis and prompt treatment of ocular or systemic diseases: is it hypopyon or pseudohypopyon?
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Uvea-Behçet Unit, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri 38030, Türkiye, Evereklioglu Cem , Sonmez Hatice Kubra ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Uvea-Behçet Unit, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri 38030, Türkiye, Polat Osman Ahmet ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Uvea-Behçet Unit, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri 38030, Türkiye, Sevim Duygu Gulmez ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Uvea-Behçet Unit, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri 38030, Türkiye, Arda Hatice ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Uvea-Behçet Unit, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri 38030, Türkiye, Horozoglu Fatih ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Uvea-Behçet Unit, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri 38030, Türkiye
Published: July 2023

A novel, algorithmic “naming-meshing” system was introduced for the distinction of hypopyon from pseudohypopyon to make an early diagnosis and prompt treatment of anterior chamber collection standardized to encompass all sediment characteristics. For this reason, a literature review of “hypopyon” and “pseudohypopyon” was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from 1966 to May 15, 2023. Two issues were clarified: 1) which strategies should the ophthalmologist follow when asked to evaluate an eye with anterior chamber sedimentation to distinguish hypopyon from pseudohypopyon, and 2) in which systemic disorders should a non-ophthalmologist order a prompt ophthalmic consultation to distinguish pseudohypopyon from hypopyon. Pathognomonic characteristics of the sediment were examined; scleral show (warm/cold), location (corneal/anterior chamber/capsular/posterior), visibility (macro/micro/occult-angle), orientation (horizontal/vertical/oblique), number (single/double), shape (convex/triangular/pyramidal/ring/lumpy/inverse), and color (white/yellow/pink/brown/black). Associated findings were then assessed; acute/chronic, spontaneous/provoked, unilateral/bilateral, inflammatory/non-inflammatory, suppurative (non-sterile)/non-suppurative (sterile), granulomatous/non-granulomatous, recurrent/non-recurrent, shifting/non-shifting, and transient/persistent. The type of precipitation was named (naming) and matched (meshing) to a potential list of etiologies (inflammatory, infective, therapeutic, masquerades). Given that (pseudo)hypopyon predominantly afflicts younger patients in their most productive years, clinicians supervising such patients should be aware of all sediment characteristics. The ophthalmologist should never ask non-ophthalmologists to run the full battery of tests in a patient with (pseudo)hypopyon, and rather indicate which type of collection is present, what its pathognomonic feature is, and what the most likely diagnoses to be excluded are.
ARE AFRICA’S POOREST CHILDREN ON COURSE TO AVOID BEING LEFT BEHIND IN POVERTY BY 2030?
Authors: Ingutia Rose
Published: July 2023

This paper examines the performance of key factors influencing the prospect of Africa’s poorest children avoiding being left behind in poverty by 2030 as required by the United Nation’s Agenda for Sustainable Development, a set of sustainable development goals (SDGs) declared in 2015. At that time, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was facing both rising debt and deterioration of the fiscal space required to provide resources. Quantitative methods employing descriptive analysis on secondary data are used in this study to compare the trend of child poverty, as represented by under-5 mortality rates (U5MR), both over time and between country clusters. U5MR was chosen because it is an indicator of the well-being of a nation’s children. Countries were “clustered” into quartiles based on their average U5MR between 2000 and 2018. The results indicate marked disparities in U5MR across SSA. No strong association was found between economic growth and U5MR, but good governance, as demonstrated by progress towards achieving the SDGs, correlates with decreases in both U5MR and the incidence of childhood stunting. In the first U5MR quartile, the SDG index score is over 50% in all child poverty indicators under consideration, whereas in the fourth quartile it is below 50%. SSA as a whole performed well in child poverty indicators from 2000 to 2015; however, consideration of the period from 2015 to 2018 suggests that much remains to be done to lift every child out of poverty. Within and across countries, critical areas for immediate attention include: improving sanitation and access to clean water and lowering the prevalence of anaemia and stunting; increasing the rates of exclusive breastfeeding, birth registration, and pre-primary enrolment; and reducing youth unemployment and socioeconomic disparities. Cash transfers to low-income families may help address the added economic insecurity due to COVID‑19 that has left more children vulnerable to child marriage and child labour.