bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The COVID-19 pandemic: an unprecedented tragedy in the battle against childhood obesity
Authors: Storz Maximilian Andreas
Published: November 2020

The childhood obesity pandemic has emerged as an important public health problem in many countries. Obese children are likely to become obese adults, and adult obesity is associated with an increased risk of morbidity. Therefore, controlling the childhood obesity epidemic has become a top public health priority worldwide. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may significantly impede this important mission and constitute an unprecedented tragedy in the global battle against childhood obesity. This manuscript presents evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic will aggravate the childhood obesity epidemic and lead to significant weight gain in school children by creating an unprecedented obesogenic environment. Within the last few months, many countries took uncompromising measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including school closures and quarantine. While these steps are often necessary to ensure infection control, they may have a significant negative effect on children's mental and physical health. Physical, nutritional, and psychosocial factors that promote obesity in children during this special situation complementarily contribute to an unprecedented obesogenic environment. Large-scale quarantine and home confinement will impose new and unfamiliar stressors on children, thereby worsening the childhood obesity epidemic. Most importantly, adverse childhood events resulting from a predicted increase in domestic violence within the next few months will significantly contribute to this concern. The scenario presented in this review is of paramount public health importance and must be considered during future pandemic planning. Involved stakeholders, including governments, schools, and families, must make all possible efforts to minimize the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on childhood obesity.
Ebû Ubeyde b. Cerrah’ın (ö. 18/639) Babasını Öldürdüğü ile İlgili Rivâyet Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: ARSLAN Ali
Published: November 2020

Resûlullah’ın (s.a.s.) risâlet devrinde meydana gelen ve bir sûrenin veya âyet/âyetlerin inzâl olunmasına sebep olan hâdiseyi ve durumu ortaya koymak anlamında kullanılan sebebi nüzul, Kur’an’ın anlaşılmasında en önemli konulardandır. Bütün âyetler için böyle sebeplerden bahsetmek mümkün olmasa da en azından bir kısmının hangi sebebe binâen indiği ile farklı rivâyetler bulunmaktadır. Bu rivâyetlerin kabul edilmesinde öncelikli husus, bunların hadis usûlü kaidelerine uygun bir şekilde nakledilmesi ve metin itibariyle de başta diğer âyetler olmak üzere, sahih sünnete, akla vb. aykırı olmamasıdır. Bu çalışmada Ebû Ubeyde b. Cerrâh’ın (ö. 18/639) Bedir Gazve’sinde babasını öldürmesi rivâyeti bu çerçevede ele alınmıştır. Birçok tefsir kaynağında bu rivâyet ile ilgili olarak Mücâdele 58/22 âyetinin irtibatlandırıldığı görülmektedir. Çalışmada ilgili rivâyetin senedi hakkında bazı değerlendirmeler yapıldıktan sonra, tefsir kaynaklarındaki durumu ortaya konulmuştur. Neticede söz konusu rivâyetin gerek sened, gerekse metin bakımından problemli olduğu ve bu konuda delil olarak kullanılmaya uygun olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
Türkiye'de Kadınların Siyasal Temsili ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet
Authors: KESER Ahmet , ÇELİK Mazlum , ERCAN Esra
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışmanın ana amacı, Türkiye’de kadınların parlamento üyeliğine ilişkin seçim sürecinde, seçim sonrası milletvekilliği döneminde ve milletvekilliği dönemi sonrasında karşılaştıkları sorunları ortaya çıkarmak, tespit edilen sorunlara yönelik çözüm önerileri ve alternatif kamu politikaları geliştirmektir. Araştırma esnasında veriler yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat ile toplanmış, görüşme yapılacak vekiller ölçüt örneklem tekniği ile belirlenmiştir. Siyasi temsil sürecinin tüm aşamalarını tamamlamış olmaları bakımından yalnızca 23. Dönem’de (2007-2011) milletvekili olan ve sonraki dönemde seçilmemiş milletvekillerinden, görüşmeyi kabul eden beş milletvekili ile mülakat gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın, Türkiye’deki kadın parlamenterlerin siyasal temsil sürecinin tüm aşamalarında yaşadıkları problemleri toplumsal cinsiyet çerçevesinde inceleyen nitel çalışmalardan birisi olarak akademik yazına katkı sağlayacağıdeğerlendirilmektedir.
A Note on the Publication History of John Polidori's The Vampyre
Authors: Camilletti Fabio
Published: November 2020

It is generally assumed that The Vampyre was published against John Polidori's will. This article brings evidence to support that he played, in fact, an active role in the publication of his tale, perhaps as a response to Frankenstein. In particular, by making use of the tools of textual criticism, it demonstrates how the ‘Extract of a Letter from Geneva’ accompanying The Vampyre in The New Monthly Magazine and in volume editions could not be written without having access to Polidori's Diary. Furthermore, it hypothesizes that the composition of The Vampyre, traditionally located in Geneva in the course of summer 1816, can be postdated to 1818, opening up new possibilities for reading the tale in the context of the relationship between Polidori, Byron, and the Shelleys.
‘Gaelic a Recommendation’: Language and Employment in the Nineteenth-Century Highlands
Authors: Kidd Sheila M.
Published: November 2020

This article examines the linguistic landscape of the nineteenth-century Highlands through the lens of the labour market. It analyses a corpus of over 600 job advertisements seeking Gaelic speakers which appeared in the Inverness Courier between 1817 and 1899 and draws on a further 200 from selected years of the Glasgow Herald and The Scotsman. It examines the range of roles in which an ability to speak Gaelic, alongside English, was seen as either a necessity or advantageous by employers, considering in turn, education, health and social welfare, commerce, domestic service, law and order, estate and land, and the church. Some of the factors behind growing opportunities for skilled and semi-skilled Gaelic speakers are explored, such as the expansion of the health and welfare system in the wake of the 1845 Poor Law (Scotland) Act, and the accommodations made for the needs of Gaelic speakers when new roles were created. The continuing utility of Gaelic in Highland commerce also emerges as a counter to contemporary views of the language as unsuited for such transactional contexts. The evidence from these advertisements underlines the complexity of language usage in the Highlands in the nineteenth century as well as the need for further research to extend our understanding of the use of Gaelic in both public and private spheres.
Legal Protection Bonda And Bulango Languange : In Reality And Prospect
Authors: Nggilu Novendri Mohamad , Badu Lisnawaty Wadju , Imran Suwitno Yutye
Published: November 2020

72 years independent of Indonesia, the regulation of culture became a "fragmented norm" into various laws, then in 2017 Indonesia has a special law regulating the promotion of culture, as if it was an oasis in the midst of "extinction" the protection against extinct regional languages including Bonda and Bulango languages. This research is intended to examine the prospects of the policies that need to be taken by the Bone Bolango District Government in protecting and sustaining the Bonda and Bulango languages as a form of fulfillment Indonesia Constitution promises that are leerplicht. The scientific method used in this study is a type of normative research with a statute approach, case aproach and conseptual approach. The results showed that the reality of the protection of Bonda and Bulango Languages was far from the maximum word, it can be seen from the lack of documentation about the Bulango Language morphology and the condition of the use of Bulango language which only leaves one speaker, while Bonda Language is even a Bonda dictionary but its use is still limited to the Suwawa peoples only, with the condition of its speakers diminishing. The policy prospects that can be carried out by the local government in protecting and preserving the Bonda and Bulango languages include the establishment of a regional regulation on the protection and preservation of Bonda and Bulango as the basis for the Bone Bolango district Government which will regulate the obligations of educational institutions both formal and informal Primary and Secondary level in the protection and preservation of Bulango and Bonda languages, village government obligations, peoples obligations, and the role of the council of custom or duango lo lipu, including the source of the budget for the protection and preservation of Bonda and Bulango languages, and followed by technical policies others as a real form of preservation of the two languages.
ELECTRIC POWER STAFF
Authors: Lyubimova Ekaterina V.
Published: November 2020

The post-reform tendencies of the sphere of labor resources of large energy are investigated. Their analysis leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to change the paradigm of attitude towards labor, which is an economic factor in the functioning and efficiency of the electric power industry. It is necessary to improve the accounting of industry personnel, monitor them and ensure the general availability of these data, include sections on labor in the normative part of reports and forecast documents. When evaluating the performance of an energy company, personnel development indicators should always be evaluated.
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF THE ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE SURPLUS VALUE IN THE UNITED STATES BASED ON A MACROECONOMIC MODEL: CONSEQUENCES FOR RUSSIA
Authors: Ryzhenkov Alexander V.
Published: November 2020

This article develops an optimization neoliberal scenario 1 and a socially-oriented scenario 2 of capitalist reproduction based on US statistics for 2020-40. Scenario 1 preserves the socio-economic structure that generated the systemic, structural, and cyclical crisis of capitalism; it assumes a regular repetition of overproduction and paroxysms. The transforming social relations in the direction of tightening the workers’ control over production and the primary distribution of national income take place in scenario 2. Comparison of these pioneer scenarios with the projections by the Congressional Budget Office in the USA for 2020-2030 reveals the underestimation by the latter of the depth and duration of the epoch-making corona-crisis, which owes its name to the Covid-19 pandemic. The necessity for Russia of revival of the ideology of socialism, understood as the first phase of communism, is substantiated.
DEVELOPMENT OF TOOLS FOR ASSESSING TRANSPORT DISCRIMINATION OF THE POPULATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SAKHA-YAKUTIA ULUSES)
Authors: Yesikova Tatyana N. , Dymov Dmitry G.
Published: November 2020

The problems of developing tools for assessing the direction of development of the transport network are considered, taking into account both the resolution of problems of transport inaccessibility and transport discrimination. The development of tools is carried out using the capabilities of ArcGIS, 2GIS, in the C # programming language. The uluses of R. Sakha-Yakutia were selected as the object of study at the stage of setting the task and debugging the tools/Transport modeling originated and is developing as a tool for anticipating the potential technical problems of designed and operated transport systems, in particular by testing them for stability and reliability in the event of a wide variety of (including emergency) situations. In the framework of the economic and mathematical approach, the transport network is evaluated not only from the position of its conformity to national economic interests (ensuring the country's security, territorial connectivity). but also the socio-economic interests of individual actors of different levels of the hierarchy (for example, business, population).Both analyzes are carried out in relation to one and the same object of study: the existing or planned transport network of the micro- or macro-region of any level of the economic hierarchy (network column). Transport capabilities (offer) are predetermined by the scheme of the transport network itself (general configuration of the network graph, freight and throughput capacity of each section, and other characteristics). The demand for transport services from business entities or the population forms the transport demand in the classical transport model.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTI-AGENT SYSTEM FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL INFLUENCES OF TRANSPORT MEGAPROJECTS: TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT FACTOR
Authors: Yesikova Tatyana N. , Vakhrusheva Svetlana V.
Published: November 2020

The paper considers the issues of accounting and reflection in multi-agent systems of the influence of the information environment, information flows on agent behavior and the assessment of consequences, including environmental ones, of decisions made by them at various stages of large-scale infrastructure projects. The information space is a priori a multidimensional dynamic environment that is continuously updated and transformed, sometimes under the primacy of the interests of individual agents or influence groups, and much less frequently from the standpoint of ensuring the viability of the economic system as a whole. A large-scale project for the construction of a transcontinental highway (TKS) through the Bering Strait was chosen as the object of study. The article provides a fairly detailed description of the groups of agents involved in the decision-making process, as well as the elements of the information space that are significant for an agent at certain stages of its activity. To model the influence of the information space on decision-making processes by agents of different hierarchy levels (business entities, managerial entities, etc.), algorithms and special procedures have been developed.
A COMPARATIVE APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF THE SIBERIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Klistorin Vladimir I.
Published: November 2020

The author substantiates the use of a comparative approach to the study of Siberia which involves a comparison of the dynamics of the development in Siberia and regional settlement systems having similar economic and geographical locations, settlement parameters, populations, and other characteristics, but of the higher development level. Such an approach would allow identifying the most significant institutional factors which have made it possible to achieve them the successful socio-economic development in the long-run period. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the long-term development in Siberia and Canada and Scandinavia. It is shown that such factor as local self-government and financial decentralization could be considered as the most important ones since they allowed an effective focus on tasks of building human and social capitals. A comparative analysis involves an application of much more information than economic and mathematical models and a time series analysis, and it may be applied together with them. The use of various methods and data sets would allow more informed results.
INFLUENCE OF INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF OIL AND GAS PROJECTS IN THE ARCTIC
Authors: Komarova Anna V. , Filimonova Irina V.
Published: November 2020

In the near future, a number of bills regarding the promotion of investment activity in the Arctic will be enacted. At the same time, some of them are aimed at increasing the attractiveness of oil and gas projects in this territory. Thus, the already established taxation system for the oil and gas sector in this region will be changed. However, questions remain about assessing the effectiveness of the current and future tax system. The purpose of the article is to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of oil and gas projects in the Arctic regions, taking into account the current institutional environment. The article uses methods of geological and economic assessment of a typical oil-bearing object in the Khatanga-Lena zone, which covers the northern regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). As a result of the calculations, the effectiveness of the project was evaluated, the high sensitivity of the performance indicators from oil prices was revealed, and the minimum level of market indicators for the development of oil and gas potential was assessed. Further formation of comprehensive measures is necessary for the successful development of the region. A distinctive feature of the study is the evaluation of projects in accordance with the new tax regime of the industry, as well as a comprehensive analysis of the region’s resource base and institutional reforms.
SOME ASPECTS OF CREATING GEODETIC SUPPORT FOR A THREE-DIMENSIONAL REAL ESTATE CADASTRE
Authors: Avrunev Evgeny I. , Giniyatov Artur I.
Published: November 2020

The paper considers the problems that arise when creating a geodesic justification of a three-dimensional real estate cadastre and, the lack of justification for the necessary accuracy of determining the third coordinate of characteristic points of contours of buildings and structures. An information and analytical review of the current legal framework in the construction sector, used in our country at the stage of design, construction and operation of buildings and structures, which regulates the main requirements for the creation of project documentation used in the future when forming technical plans for objects of capital construction (OCC) as the basis for information entered in the Unified State Register of Real Estate (USRRE). At the same time, more attention is paid to ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction.
ESTIMATION OF TOURISM AND RECREATION POTENTIAL IN THE REGION FOR MAPPING OF TERRITORIAL PLANNING (ON THE EXAMPLE OF NOVOSIBIRSK REGION)
Authors: Ushakova Elena O. , Dubrovsky Alexey V.
Published: November 2020

In contemporary conditions recreation and tourism are perspective development directions of many regions in the Russian Federation. Thereby, the socio-economic region development program incorporates strategies of tourist territory development. The main goal of this study is to estimate the recreation potential of the municipalities in Novosibirsk Region and to elaborate recommendations for the mapping of territorial planning concerning specific land use for the recreation and tourism development. The authors consider methodological issues of recreation potential estimation for mapping. At present this direction is not studied enough. There is a problem to choose the method of recreation potential estimation that lets makes decisions at the regional and local levels. As a result of recreation potential estimation of Novosibirsk Region the most attractive for investment in tourism and recreation municipalities and elaborated recommendations for specific land use by mapping and compilation of tourist maps were revealed. The estimation results of recreation potential in municipalities are used for the development of the Strategy of socio-economic development of Novosibirsk Region till 2030.
Voter Preferences, Local Party Competitiveness, Turnout, and Strategic Voting: Deterrents to Voting are Unequally Distributed
Authors: Cutler Fred , Hodgson Antony , Rivard Alexandre
Published: November 2020

Voters are deterred from casting a vote and more likely to vote strategically if their preferred choice is less competitive in the electoral district. We use 2019 Canadian Election Study data and find that respondents' answers to a 'How Likely are you to Vote' question depends on their estimate of their preferred party's local chances of winning, relative to other parties. This deterrent effect on turnout from the competitiveness of  voter's preferred party is concentrated among certain parties (NDP, Green, People's Party of Canada), meaning that voters with particular policy perspectives are systematically deterred from voting, relative to other voters. Furthermore, we find that strategic voting is also heavily concentrated among voters who prefer parties outside the nationally most competitive two parties.
Pemanfaatan Energi Matahari pada Solar Panel untuk Penerangan Jalan dan Jalur Hijau Di RW 12 Desa Landungsari
Authors: Heryanto/Eryk Irwan , Noor Hidayat Mohammad , Setya Wiwaha Sigit , Noer Syamsiana Ika
Published: November 2020

: Untuk membantu warga RW 12 Desa Landungsari dalam menunjang sarana dan prasarana desa, terutama permasalahan penerangan jalan. Dimana untuk mengajukan ke dinas terkait sudah tidak memungkinkan karena hanya wilayah pedesaan, sehingga diperlukan swadaya warga dalam menerangi wilayahnya di malam hari. Penerangan ini akan menggunakan sel surya sebagai sumber energi dengan kapasitas 50 Wp  system Off Grid dengan beban lampu LED DC 12 Volt. Hai ini mengingat energi matahari merupakan energi yang cukup besar tersedia dan ramah lingkungan.Dalam kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini juga disertakan edukasi warga pentingnya pemanfaatan energi surya sebagai sumber energy listrik. Berdasarkan pengujian lapangan, rata-rata Tegangan Output Panel surya adalah 17 Volt, arus maksimum charging adalah 2,6 A dan daya beban 30 Watt terdiri dari beberapa lampu LED.

 

Kata-kata kunci : panel surya, lampu penerangan, instalasi listrik
COVID-19 and Dementia: A Review and Synthesis of Material on a Deadly Combination
Authors: Basoudan Nasreen , Tales Andrea
Published: November 2020

Within modern history, the majority of the worldwide population has not experienced pandemic conditions, and not in recent history has a global pandemic occurred. Arguably therefore we were not prepared for, and did not anticipate, some of its effects, with emerging evidence indicating that this was particularly the case with respect to dementia care. The aim of this paper is to highlight some of the issues raised by COVID-19 surrounding dementia care, focusing on issues experienced both by individuals living with dementia and by those who provide their care. This is in response to the need to raise awareness of this issue and we do so by bringing this information together in order that it might inform policy for ongoing care post-virus and future outbreaks and lockdown situations. While there is a marked need to change the current tactics being used in the treatment and care of preexisting and longstanding illnesses, like dementia, there is also a need to take into account the safety procedures necessary to prevent potential exposure to COVID-19. Through the targeted exploration of these considerations, there is a hope that documentation of these actions can both facilitate current treatment and care efforts and approaches and provide a framework for future efforts, should another pandemic situation arise in the near future.
Comparison of Sarcopenia Diagnostic Component Between Two Age Groups in Men
Authors: Robbani Yahya Taqiuddin , Widajanti Novira , Sulistiawaty Nuniek Nugraheni
Published: November 2020

Sarcopenia is a condition which characterized by loss of muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle function due to aging. Some study found that sarcopenia prevalence was more common in men than women. This study aims to determine the comparison of sarcopenia diagnostic component between two group ages in men by observing and comparing muscle mass, handgrip strength and usual gait speed according to Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGS) diagnostic criteria that analyzed by Independent Sample T Test. The sample size with consecutive sampling technique was 149 mens which divided into two groups based on ages of elderly over 60 years (n = 73) and young adult between 18-40 years (n = 76). From the independent sample t test results, there was significant difference of muscle mass mean, handgrip strength mean and gait speed mean between elderly group and young adult group by 2.467 (SD ± 0.1454) kg/m2 (t(98.350) = -16.969; p = 0.000), 10.455 (SD ± 1.0983) kg (t(147) = -9.519; p = 0.000) and 0.4753 (SD ± 0.2808) m/s (t(11.636) = -16.747; p = 0.000) which means along with increasing age, sarcopenia diagnostic components value, i.e. muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance will also decrease.

Keywords: sarcopenia; bioelectric impedance analysis; handgrip strength; gait speed; AWGS
Método Materialista Histórico como Instrumento de Análise da Realidade
Authors: Frigotto Gaudêncio
Published: November 2020

Este pequeno texto tem como objetivo realçar alguns aspectos centrais de concepção materialista da história e o método dialético de conhecimento da realidade humana em todas as suas manifestações na perspectiva de superação das relações sociais capitalistas. Ainda que de forma mais de um esquema de estudo do que um artigo, desenvolverei os seguintes aspectos: alguns pressupostos; a crítica da concepção materialista às concepções metafísicas de realidade humano social e às visões de conhecimento que delas derivam e as categorias do método materialista histórico dialético; e, a título de considerações finais, indicações de uma leitura da conjuntura presente à luz do materialismo histórico e suas implicações econômicas, políticas, psicossociais e educativas para classe trabalhadora.
Como Educar em Tempos de Barbárie? O Caráter Humanizador da Educação
Authors: Marsiglia Ana Carolina Galvão
Published: November 2020

A educação é um fenômeno próprio dos seres humanos. Isso porque tomamos como premissa que a atividade vital humana é o trabalho, que se explica pela relação de transformação da natureza pelos seres humanos. Assim, o trabalho, em sua acepção ontológica, forma o ser humano, por meio das mediações instituídas a cada novo ser da espécie por aqueles que já constituem o conjunto da humanidade. Ora, humanizar o ser humano é, pois, um processo educativo (SAVIANI, 2007b). Entretanto, se a origem da educação coincide com a própria origem humana, o surgimento da classe dos proprietários e dos não-proprietários cria uma cisão, desde a Antiguidade, entre educação e trabalho (...).
Educação Escolar e o Desenvolvimento Psicológico: Condições e Circunstâncias para o Processo Dialético de Objetivação e Subjetivação
Authors: Bernardes Maria Eliza Mattosinho
Published: November 2020

O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar algumas reflexões sobre a influência da educação no processo de desenvolvimento psíquico fundamentadas na teoria histórico-cultural e nos processos de organização do ensino que visam o desenvolvimento cultural da criança (Vygotski, 2000), cuja raiz teórico-metodológica são os princípios do materialismo histórico e dialético. Tais princípios são considerados o diferencial da teoria histórico-cultural, segundo Tanamachi, Asbhar e Bernardes (2015), pois possibilitam a explicação do movimento do real a partir das possibilidades existentes para a sua transformação. Sejam estes, o ‘trabalho’ enquanto atividade humana que visa a um fim, o ‘caráter material’ da existência humana que define as bases das relações humanas, e a ‘historicidade’ que nos permite compreender o movimento de transformação das relações sociais e da conduta humana (Bernardes, 2016).
Aprendizagem Conceitual e Desenvolvimento Psíquico: Pesquisas sobre a Organização do Ensino
Authors: Sforni Marta Sueli de Faria
Published: November 2020

o presente capítulo serão apresentados alguns resultados de estudos e investigações realizados pelo GEPAE– Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa sobre Atividade de Ensino –, vinculado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Estadual de Maringá. O grupo tem se dedicado a pesquisar condições teórico-metodológicas de um ensino que melhor corresponda às possibilidades formativas da aprendizagem conceitual em diferentes áreas de conhecimento e níveis de ensino. Essas pesquisas têm trazido contribuições para o campo da didática e das metodologias de ensino. O problema desencadeador das atividades do Grupo tem origem em duas instâncias, inicialmente separadas, uma de ordem prática: a existência de uma escolarização que tem resultado em uma formação precária para a maioria da população; outra de ordem teórica: a afirmação de Vigotski de que “[...]uma correta organização da aprendizagem da criança conduz ao desenvolvimento mental [...] (Vigotski, 1991, p. 115), essa afirmação se constitui em um problema porque não foi explicitado de modo pontual, pelo autor, o que seria uma “correta” organização da aprendizagem. Apesar de o primeiro problema ser mais amplo e exigir compreensão acerca da escolarização na sociedade de classes, do papel do Estado e das políticas públicas que regulamentam as práticas educacionais, também, sem desconsiderar esse contexto geral, deve ser pensado em sua especificidade, no ensino que acontece no cotidiano das escolas, nos conteúdos priorizados e metodologias adotadas. Assim, os dois problemas, de origem prática e de origem teórica, acabam tendo pontos de convergência, no caso, específico: a organização do ensino.
16.	Bullying como Expressão da Incivilidade e Barbarização das Relações Sociais sob a Lógica do Capital
Authors: Silva Graziela Lucchesi Rosa da , Mata Vilson Aparecido da
Published: November 2020

Bullying é um termo amplamente difundido nas últimas décadas no campo da educação e ganhou, na mesma proporção, uso cotidiano. Este termo é utilizado, conforme aponta Nagel (2007, p. 2), para atos repetitivos “que tem poder psicológico para intimidar, implicar, humilhar, negar atenção, fazer pouco caso, perseguir o outro (colega, professor, funcionário) com chacotas, ironias, ameaças e, até mesmo, com agressões físicas, sem contar com o uso da internet para tais perversidades”. Além do mais, tais atos expressam alto grau de incivilidade que, dramaticamente, vem crescendo e se complexificando dentro e fora das escolas. Atos que compõem tal fenômeno não são novos, mas ante situações cada vez mais corriqueiras de comportamentos violentos, cruéis e barbarizados no contexto escolar, começam a ser descritos como típicos de uma época e suas características, fatores determinantes e consequências são questionados e investigados com maior intensidade e, com isso, passam a ser debatidos e estudados de forma mais específica, detalhada (Nagel, 2011). Como desdobramento, larga produção científica em nível mundial vem sendo desenvolvida visando descrever, analisar, compreender, intervir e, quiçá, prevenir e alertar para a incivilidade que representa; debates nas mídias e em programas televisivos a fim de fomentar a discussão do tema, popularizando-o, envolvendo homicídios e/ou suicídio de estudantes, cuja causa decorreria do bullying; ações de governos, tais como leis em diversos países instituindo o combate e a prevenção ao bullying e a punição aos agressores; programas sociais visando, por exemplo, a conscientização dos jovens sobre o bullying e a reflexão e proposição de formas para a resolução de conflitos e geração de respeito mútuo e empatia; e, ainda, como objeto de preocupações éticas e morais, enfatizando posturas ‘não violentas’, como a chamada ‘Cultura da Paz’, e clamando por ações que encaminhem maior empatia entre os indivíduos (mais tolerância, respeito às diferenças, etc.).
Política e Método em Marx: Inferências às Pesquisas Sociais
Authors: Pereira Maria de Fátima Rodrigues
Published: November 2020

Nosso objetivo, neste texto, é fazer apontamentos e contribuições a política em Marx, ao método Materialismo Histórico Dialético (MHD) e tecer inferências às pesquisas, às práticas em ciências sociais, à intervenção no real. Colocamo-nos do ponto de vista que é necessário a uma militância revolucionária o rigor da crítica, compreendendo crítica como leitura do que é.
Trabalho alienado, capitalismo e a saúde do trabalhador enquanto processo histórico e social
Authors: Martin Sueli Terezinha Ferrero
Published: November 2020

Nossa reflexão parte do pressuposto de que o trabalho, atividade humana criadora e produzida coletivamente, é categoria central, mediação da sociabilidade, criador de riquezas e da transformação humana. Deveria, portanto, possibilitar o desenvolvimento pleno e responder às necessidades vitais dos indivíduos. No entanto, na sociedade capitalista ele é transformado “em trabalho assalariado, alienado, fetichizado. O que era uma finalidade central do ser social converte-se em meio de subsistência. A força de trabalho torna-se uma mercadoria, ainda que especial, cuja finalidade é criar novas mercadorias e valorizar o capital.” (Antunes, 2008, s/p. Grifos do autor). Provoca, contraditoriamente, a desumanização e mortificação, processo que pode ocorrer lenta e continuamente e/ou chegar a intensidade tão extremada que a mortificação se consolida em grave adoecimento ou um ato desesperado contra a própria vida. Deste modo, as condições concretas de vida, com suas determinações econômicas, históricas e culturais, a partir da posição social ocupada pelas pessoas na sociedade e a relação com as suas histórias de vida, vão impactar no modo de viver e morrer das pessoas, expressando-se em sofrimento psíquico e adoecimentos que afetam seu cotidiano, podendo provocar rupturas importantes nas suas vidas (...).
A emergência do assédio moral na acumulação flexível e seus impactos na organização do trabalho
Authors: Souza Terezinha Martins dos Santos
Published: November 2020

A reestruturação produtiva que o capital empreende após os anos 1970 traz, como uma das consequências, o surgimento de uma forma de violência no trabalho denominada Assédio Moral no trabalho, que atinge profundamente a subjetividade, a saúde e a capacidade organizativa dos/as trabalhadores/as. Conhecer este objeto tal como ele é em si mesmo, sua existência real e efetiva, independente dos desejos, das aspirações e das representações do/a pesquisador, exigência do Método Materialista-Dialético (MHD), que baliza a maioria dos trabalhos da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, está posto como uma contribuição para estes/as pesquisadores/as. Exigência do MHD, busca-se produzir um conhecimento que possa se transformar em força material, quando apropriada pelos/as trabalhadores/as. Neste artigo, objetiva-se analisar conhecer as configurações que as determinações da crise do capital vai assumindo, no que se refere aos rebatimentos do Assédio Moral no Trabalho sobre os trabalhadores/as. Significativa parcela dos/as psicólogos/as e dos seus órgãos de classe coloca-se como objetivo a produção de pesquisa socialmente referenciada, o que exige a pesquisa tanto mais correta verdadeira quanto mais fiel o pesquisador for ao objeto. Desta forma, este artigo analisa as principais características do Assédio Moral no trabalho pois, como Marx nos ensina, que quem erra na análise erra na proposta política; assim, sem compreender a efetiva legalidade histórico-social não é possível formular um projeto revolucionário (...).
Psicologia e política: desafios da psicologia em tempos de crise aguda do capital
Authors: Abrantes Angelo Antonio
Published: November 2020

O objetivo dessa exposição é o de refletir sobre a relação entre psicologia e política destacando que para a Psicologia Histórico-cultural, que se fundamenta no materialismo histórico dialético, é necessário o engajamento consciente do psicólogo na luta de classes. Nesse sentido, esse sistema teórico se caracteriza como instrumento na tarefa histórica de emancipar a classe trabalhadora, visando a produção coletiva da liberdade substantiva para o conjunto dos seres humanos. Considerar a análise dessa relação de modo concreto somente faz sentido a partir do cenário social em que esse debate se trava, ou seja, no contexto da sociedade capitalista e na conjuntura em que a contradição insolúvel da base produtiva no capital procura ser dissolvida temporariamente pelo aumento da exploração do trabalho e da dominação política fundamentada na violência, ou seja, na conjuntura de luta política em que forças reacionárias se organizam para realizar de forma mais intensa a desumanidade inerente ao capitalismo (...)
Identifying Influential Nodes of Complex Networks Based on Trust-Value
Authors: Sheng Jinfang , Zhu Jiafu , Wang Yayun , Wang Bin , Hou Zheng’ang
Published: November 2020

The real world contains many kinds of complex network. Using influence nodes in complex networks can promote or inhibit the spread of information. Identifying influential nodes has become a hot topic around the world. Most of the existing algorithms used for influential node identification are based on the structure of the network such as the degree of the nodes. However, the attribute information of nodes also affects the ranking of nodes’ influence. In this paper, we consider both the attribute information between nodes and the structure of networks. Therefore, the similarity ratio, based on attribute information, and the degree ratio, based on structure derived from trust-value, are proposed. The trust–PageRank (TPR) algorithm is proposed to identify influential nodes in complex networks. Finally, several real networks from different fields are selected for experiments. Compared with some existing algorithms, the results suggest that TPR more rationally and effectively identifies the influential nodes in networks.
Physiological Impairment as a Result of Bile Accumulation in an Apex Predator, the Tiger Shark (Galeocerdo cuvier Péron & Lesueur, 1822)
Authors: Wosnick Natascha , Chaves Ana Paula , Niella Yuri Vieira , Takatsuka Veronica , Hazin Fábio Hissa Vieira , Nunes Jorge Luiz Silva , Morick Danny
Published: November 2020

Physiological adaptations have evolved to help sharks face rapid periods of feast. Tiger sharks are generalist apex predators that rely on a high-lipid/protein diet. To achieve a satisfactory nutritional condition, proper lipid absorption and hepatic storage are needed. Bile secretion in sharks is low and sporadic but increases during short periods of fasting. The present study describes a physiological impairment caused by bile accumulation in juvenile tiger sharks, possibly due to prolonged fasting. These evidences suggest that, even though sharks have adaptations that prevent them from dying from starvation, alarming physiological alterations might occur. Future studies are needed to assess how such a condition can affect wild populations, as well as possible sublethal consequences that could impact their long-term survival.
Broad Range Screening of Vector-Borne Pathogens in Arctic Foxes (Vulpes lagopus) in Iceland
Authors: Hornok Sándor , Mühldorfer Kristin , Takács Nóra , Hofmann-Lehmann Regina , Meli Marina L. , Gyuranecz Miklós , Unnsteinsdóttir Ester R. , Greenwood Alex D. , Czirják Gábor Á.
Published: November 2020

The arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) is the only native terrestrial mammal in Iceland. While red foxes (V. vulpes) are known to be epidemiologically important carriers of several vector-borne pathogens in Europe, arctic foxes have never been evaluated in a similar context on this continent. This has become especially relevant in the last decade, considering the establishing populations of the tick species Ixodes ricinus in Iceland. In this study, liver DNA extracts of 60 arctic foxes, hunted between 2011–2012, were molecularly screened for vector-borne protozoan parasites (Trypanosomatidae, Babesia, Theileria, Hepatozoon) and bacteria (Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, Borrelia, hemotropic Mycoplasma). One sample was real-time qPCR positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, though this positivity could not be confirmed with sequencing. Samples were negative for all other tested vector-borne pathogens. Results of this study indicate that, except for A. phagocytophilum, Icelandic arctic foxes were apparently “not yet infected” with vector-borne pathogens in 2011–2012, or their infections were “below the detection limit” of applied methods. Taking into account the broad range of target microorganisms analyzed here, as well as the warming climate and increasing presence of the vector I. ricinus in Iceland, our results will be very useful as baseline data for comparison in future monitoring of the emergence of ticks and tick-borne diseases in this country.
A Preliminary Study Investigating the Impact of Musical Concerts on the Behavior of Captive Fiordland Penguins (Eudyptes pachyrhynchus) and Collared Peccaries (Pecari tajacu)
Authors: Fanning Lara , Larsen Hannah , Taylor Peta S.
Published: November 2020

Captive animal welfare is important for establishments that exhibit species for education, conservation, and research. However, captive animals are often exposed to a number of potential stressors, such as visitors and anthropogenic noise. We aimed to identify the impact of a concert series on the behaviour of Fiordland penguins (Eudyptes pachyrhynchus; n = 2), and solitary- (n = 1) or group- (n = 4)-housed collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu). Animal behaviour, visitor density, and visitor behaviour was monitored pre-concert (afternoons; 16:00–19:00), during the concert (evenings; 19:00–21:00), and post-concert (nights; 21:00–00:00) on concert days (penguin n = 7 days; peccary n = 8 days) and in the same periods on days when there was no concert (penguin n = 8 days; peccary n = 6 days). Fiordland penguins spent more time surface swimming and diving in the pool on concert afternoons and evenings (all p < 0.001), more time in the nest on concert nights (p < 0.001), preened less on concert afternoons and nights (p = 0.019), and engaged with their habitat less on concert evenings and nights (p = 0.002) compared to these periods on days without a concert. The group-housed peccaries slept more in the afternoon and evening (p ≤ 0.01) and were more vigilant at night (p = 0.009) on concert days compared to no-concert days. The solitary-housed peccary slept more on concert nights (p = 0.035), rested more frequently across all time periods on concert days (p < 0.001), and used the front of the enclosure more across all concert time periods (p < 0.001) compared to no-concert days. We provide evidence that behaviour was altered on event days; however, we cannot determine the nature of these changes. Further research is needed to understand the impact of music concerts on zoo animal welfare.
Is ECLIA Serum Cortisol Concentration Measurement, an Accurate Indicator of Pain Severity in Dogs with Locomotor Pain?
Authors: Markovszky Adela Katalin , Weber Corinna , Biksi Otília , Danes Mihai , Dumitrescu Eugenia , Muselin Florin , Tufarelli Vincenzo , Puvača Nikola , Cristina Romeo Teodor
Published: November 2020

The purpose of determining serum cortisol level is to reflect the activity of stress axis, ethological alterations, acute and chronic pain, life quality, or psychogenic stress. Although it is stated that stress can produce a measurable influence on the cortisol level, a certified value of this pain biomarker in dogs was not generally accepted yet. This study aimed to investigate if serum cortisol measured follows allopathic treatments only, or it is associated with physiotherapy, point out pain level in dogs with orthopedic disease, which could reveal the healing progress. The diagnostic identified: hip dysplasia, cranial cruciate ligament rupture, or intervertebral disc disease. Ortolani and Barden tests, together with clinical examination, drawer sign, and tibia compression test, were done in dogs exhibiting postures, and motion alteration, and X-Ray confirmed. A total of 30 dogs were grouped in healthy (n = 10) and pain groups (n = 20), the blood sampling is done at the beginning of the investigation, and after ten days of the study. Dogs were handled in two ways: G1—treated with Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) only and respectively, G2—by therapy and physiotherapy. The analysis was performed on a Roche Cobas Analyzer (Roche, USA), serum cortisol being determined by Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA), and statistics using ANOVA, following Tukey’s Multiple Comparison Test. The results revealed that, out of ten specimens in the Control group, nine were within the normal limits: 5–65 ng × mL−1 (24.76 ± 19.48678), and one sample under the set limit. In G1, it was observed that the plasmatic P1 values were below the levels of P2, in six situations. In G2, although the status of all subjects improved radically with the removal or evident reduction of pain, confirmed clinically and imagistically, the P2 values in five dogs were higher than the initial P1 values, and in contradiction with the observed clinical reality. Comparing results, the mean difference in G1 was 0.41, and in G2 = 2.54, with an SD for G1 = 13.38, and G2 = 16.66, registering moderate development. Standard deviation illustrated that the values of treated groups were highly spread throughout the interval, and the serum cortisol assay did not generate significant statistical differences between groups in our case. This inferred the doubt whether the used detection method or values registered correctly indicates the pain levels in dog species.
Metacestodes of Elasmobranch Tapeworms in Octopus vulgaris (Mollusca, Cephalopoda) from Central Mediterranean—SEM and Molecular Data
Authors: Tedesco Perla , Caffara Monica , Gustinelli Andrea , Fiorito Graziano , Fioravanti Maria Letizia
Published: November 2020

Cephalopods are intermediate/paratenic hosts in the life cycle of elasmobranch tapeworms, nevertheless most records of infection in this group of mollusks are outdated and fragmentary. The present work aimed to investigate the cestode fauna of the common octopus Octopus vulgaris from the Tyrrhenian Sea (Central Mediterranean). The parasitic stages were characterized by light and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and sequencing of 28S rDNA. Three cestode taxa were identified to the genus level: the onchoproteocephalidean Acanthobothrium sp. (prevalence 28%), the “tetraphyllidean” Anthobothrium sp. (prevalence 13%) and the trypanorhynch Nybelinia sp. (prevalence 3%). The remarkable prevalence observed for gastrointestinal cestodes highlight a possible important role of O. vulgaris in the transmission of elasmobranch tapeworms, particularly Onchoproteocephalideans. Furthermore, the present work provides, for the first time, detailed morphological (SEM) and molecular support to confirm the occurrence of Anthobothrium sp. in cephalopod hosts. In order to gain higher taxonomic resolution for the identified taxa, we stress the need to collect further morphological and molecular data of adult cestodes infecting their elasmobranch definitive hosts.
Efficacy of Dietary Supplementation with Capsicum Annum L on Performance, Hematology, Blood Biochemistry and Hepatic Antioxidant Status of Growing Rabbits
Authors: Elwan Hamada , Abdelhakeam Mostafa , El-Shafei Sally , El-Rahman Atef Abd , Ismail Zienhom , Zanouny Abdalrahman , Shaker Emad , S. Al-Rejaie Salim , Mohany Mohamed , Elnesr Shaaban
Published: November 2020

Animals fed with a high amount of a wide range of antioxidants in their diet are significantly protected against oxidative stress. Powerful antioxidant substances such as vitamin E, vitamin C, and carotenoids are present naturally in red-hot pepper (RHP). This study hypothesized that using RHP may provide protection against oxidative stress and enhance animal physiological responses. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of feeding New Zealand white rabbits with RHP-supplemented diets on their physiological and biochemical responses. New Zealand White rabbits (age = 6 weeks, n = 48) were split equally into three groups (n = 16 in each group). One group was fed a basal diet only (control group), with the other two groups fed a basal diet along with 1 and 2% RHP. Mass spectrometric analysis for the RHP methanolic extract showed some phenolic compounds, such as p-coumaric, sinapinic acids, vanillic, and luteolin, as well as catechin and its isomers. Hepatic antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH, GSH-Px, and CAT) were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) by feeding rabbits diets supplemented with 1 or 2% RHP. The addition of RHP significantly enhanced immune-responses; phagocytic activity, chemotaxis, TIg, IgG, IgM, and IgA increased when growing rabbits were fed RHP compared with the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 1 or 2% RHP may play a role as an enhancer of growth and immune response in growing rabbits.