bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatio‐temporal temperature variation influences juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) use of thermal refuges
Authors: Brewitt Kim S. , Danner Eric M.
Published: July 2014

Thermal refuges form potentially critical habitat for species at the limits of their thermal tolerance, especially given large‐scale habitat degradation and rising temperatures across ecosystems. The Klamath River is a highly altered system where summer mainstem temperatures reach levels that are physiologically stressful to threatened Pacific salmonid populations, making thermal refuges critical for over‐summer survival when temperatures near upper thermal thresholds. Small changes in water temperature can have a large effect on salmonid growth and survival, and therefore fine‐scale spatio‐temporal temperature variation could influence when and where refuges are important for both individual survival and population persistence. In this study, we combined monitoring of environmental variables with measures of fish temperature (a proxy for refuge use) to quantify juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) use of thermal refuges. We used a logistic mixed effects model to determine the relative influence of instantaneous mainstem temperature and flow, sub‐daily temperature variation, body size, and time of day on steelhead refuge use. Mainstem temperature was the strongest predictor of refuge use; the majority (>80%) of juvenile steelhead moved into refuges when mainstem temperatures reached 22–23°C, and all fish moved in by 25°C. Fish were more likely to use refuges with increased diel mainstem temperature variation and larger temperature differential between the mainstem and tributary. In addition, steelhead exhibited a distinct diel behavioral shift in refuge use that varied with body size; smaller juveniles (∼160 mm) were much more likely to use refuges during the night than day, whereas larger juveniles (∼210 mm) exhibited a much less pronounced diel behavioral shift. Given impacts of watershed alteration and climate change and the growing importance of refuge habitat, these findings suggest that species persistence may depend on extremely fine‐scale spatial and temporal temperature dynamics.
An Exploration of the Role of Employment as a Coping Resource for Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Abuse
Authors: Beecham David
Published: July 2014

There has been a growing interest amongst researchers and practitioners regarding the various coping strategies adopted by women experiencing intimate partner abuse (IPA). These studies have tended to adopt and adapt the stress-coping model developed by Lazarus and Folkman (1984) and thus make the distinction between emotion and problem-solving coping strategies and the resources available for women to cope. Even though, contemporary coping scholars acknowledge the role of employment and coping, it is still unclear as to how employment facilitates women’s coping strategies. Drawing on findings from a qualitative study, this article explores how employment and workplace environments provide survivors of IPA with resources that allow them to cope with the abuse. By incorporating theoretical insights developed in the field of organizational studies, namely boundary work and organizational identities, these findings develop our understanding of the role of employment in survivors’ coping strategies. Finally, the findings demonstrate the valuable contribution of interdisciplinarity in furthering our knowledge of coping strategies and the positive aspects of employment for survivors of IPA.
Cold or Caring? Adolescent Sexual Assault Victims’ Perceptions of Their Interactions With the Police
Authors: Greeson Megan R. , Campbell Rebecca , Fehler-Cabral Giannina
Published: July 2014

One-third of sexual assault cases that are reported to the police involve adolescent victims (Snyder, 2000), yet little is known about adolescent victims’ interactions with law enforcement. Through semistructured interviews with 20 adolescent sexual assault victims, this study sought to understand—from the perspectives of the adolescents—how the police interacted with them on an interpersonal level and the impact this had on the adolescents’ emotional well-being and engagement in the criminal justice system. Findings revealed that when the police engaged in behaviors that the victims perceived as caring, compassionate, and personable (vs. behaviors that were perceived as uncaring, insensitive, and intimidating), there was a positive impact on victims’ emotional well-being and criminal justice system engagement. Implications for improving adolescents’ help-seeking experiences are discussed.
Establishment of a New Marginal Plaque Index With High Sensitivity for Changes in Oral Hygiene
Authors: Deinzer Renate , Jahns Stephan , Harnacke Daniela
Published: July 2014

Background: Although several plaque indices exist, they rarely assess in detail the plaque adjacent to the gingival margin, an area most important for periodontal health. This study aims to develop a new marginal plaque index (MPI) and to assess its validity and treatment sensitivity compared to the internationally accepted Turesky modification of the Quigley and Hein Index (TQHI).

Methods: Data from two studies with n = 64 and n = 67 participants, respectively, are reported here. Convergence of MPI with TQHI and concurrent and predictive validity with papillary bleeding index were assessed, as was treatment sensitivity to a treatment of proximal hygiene (study 1) or toothbrushing (study 2), respectively.

Results: Convergent validity with TQHI is very good. Concurrent and predictive validity parameters of the MPI are similar to the TQHI. The treatment sensitivity of MPI exceeds TQHI by far. This results in a reduction by >70% of the sample size needed to discover significant treatment effects. As expected, the largest treatment sensitivity was observed for proximal MPI measures in study 1, whereas study 2 showed largest effects for cervical measures.

Conclusions: MPI appears to be a valid plaque‐scoring system that assesses plaque at the gingival margin. It responds with high sensitivity to treatments aimed at plaque reduction at the gingival margin. Its treatment sensitivity and capacity to differentiate between proximal and cervical plaque make it a promising tool for periodontal research.
Recovery of Bitumen From a Carbonate Reservoir by Thermal-Assisted Gravity Drainage (TAGD)
Authors: Roberts Bruce , Hamida Tarek
Published: July 2014

A new recovery process, thermal-assisted gravity drainage (TAGD), is described for the recovery of bitumen from heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs. The process is shown to be thermally efficient in lower-porosity formations and is less impacted by the complex porosity distributions, that characterize carbonate rock. The TAGD process heats the reservoir by means of a pattern of horizontal heater wells to allow bitumen to flow by gravity into a producer placed at the base of the reservoir. High thermal efficiency is achieved by heating the reservoir to 120–160°C. The energy for this process is transferred to the reservoir by heat conduction from electrically heated mineral-insulated cables. Precise control of reservoir heating is accomplished by optimally placing heater wells within the formation and adjusting the power in each heater for efficient energy usage. Voidage replacement is achieved by solution-gas evolution and connate-water vapourization. The target of this new technology is the thick, highly permeable, and vertically continuous Leduc bitumen reservoir located in the Liege area of north-central Alberta. In addition to improved energy efficiency, the TAGD process does not require water for steam generation, thus reducing the size and initial capital cost of the surface-processing facilities.
Flow prediction in vegetative channel using hybrid artificial neural network approach
Authors: Kumar Bimlesh
Published: July 2014

Channel flow–vegetation interaction has been extensively studied in the past few decades and many equations have been developed which essentially differ from each other in derivation and form. As the process is extremely complex, getting deterministic or analytical forms of process phenomena are too difficult. A hybrid neural network model (combining genetic algorithm with neural network), which is particularly useful in modeling processes about which adequate knowledge of the physics is limited, is presented here as a complementary tool to model channel flow–vegetation interactions in submerged vegetation conditions. The prediction capability of the model has been found to be satisfactory. The input significance of the different parameters has been analyzed in the present work in order to find out the influence of these parameters on channel flow velocity.
Realist Identification of Group-Level Latent Variables for Perinatal Social Epidemiology Theory Building
Authors: Eastwood John Graeme , Jalaludin Bin Badrudin , Kemp Lynn Ann , Phung Hai Ngoc
Published: July 2014

We have previously reported in this journal on an ecological study of perinatal depressive symptoms in South Western Sydney. In that article, we briefly reported on a factor analysis that was utilized to identify empirical indicators for analysis. In this article, we report on the mixed method approach that was used to identify those latent variables. Social epidemiology has been slow to embrace a latent variable approach to the study of social, political, economic, and cultural structures and mechanisms, partly for philosophical reasons. Critical realist ontology and epistemology have been advocated as an appropriate methodological approach to both theory building and theory testing in the health sciences. We describe here an emergent mixed method approach that uses qualitative methods to identify latent constructs followed by factor analysis using empirical indicators chosen to measure identified qualitative codes. Comparative analysis of the findings is reported together with a limited description of realist approaches to abstract reasoning.
Why Public Health Services? Experiences from Profit-Driven Health Care Reforms in Sweden
Authors: Dahlgren Göran
Published: July 2014

Market-oriented health care reforms have been implemented in the tax-financed Swedish health care system from 1990 to 2013. The first phase of these reforms was the introduction of new public management systems, where public health centers and public hospitals were to act as private firms in an internal health care market. A second phase saw an increase of tax-financed private for-profit providers. A third phase can now be envisaged with increased private financing of essential health services. The main evidence-based effects of these markets and profit-driven reforms can be summarized as follows: efficiency is typically reduced but rarely increased; profit and tax evasion are a drain on resources for health care; geographical and social inequities are widened while the number of tax-financed providers increases; patients with major multi-health problems are often given lower priority than patients with minor health problems; opportunities to control the quality of care are reduced; tax-financed private for-profit providers facilitate increased private financing; and market forces and commercial interests undermine the power of democratic institutions. Policy options to promote further development of a nonprofit health care system are highlighted.
Enhancing Physician Engagement: An International Perspective
Authors: Kaissi Amer
Published: July 2014

The purpose of this article is to provide specific recommendations to enhance physician engagement in health care organizations. It summarizes the evidence on physician engagement, drawing on peer-reviewed articles and reports from the gray literature, and suggests an integrative framework to help health care managers better understand and improve physician engagement. While we examine some other international examples and experiences, we mainly focus on physician engagement in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Physician engagement can be conceptualized as an ongoing two-way social process in which both the individual and organizational/cultural components are considered. Building on several frameworks and examples, we propose a new integrative framework for enhancing physician engagement in health care organizations. We suggest that in order to enhance physician engagement, organizations should focus on the following strategies: developing clear and efficient communication channels with physicians; building trust, understanding, and respect with physicians; and identifying and developing physician leaders. We propose that the time is now for health care managers to set aside traditional differences and historical conflicts and to engage their physicians for the betterment of their organizations.
Access to Bereavement Services in Hospice
Authors: Dean Stephanie , Libby Katherine , McAuley William J. , Van Nostrand Joan
Published: July 2014

Hospice bereavement services, though often overlooked in hospice research, are an important area of study due not only to the potential value of bereavement support but also the emphasis placed on such services by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Moreover, access to these services is seldom understood or researched. Therefore, using the patient public use file of the 2007 National Home and Hospice Care Survey, we explored the relationships between patient, informal caregiver, and agency characteristics as well as discharges from hospice to gain perspective into bereavement service access to informal caregivers. Findings suggested that death at discharge from hospice may be an important moderator variable between access to hospice bereavement support and many other factors. However, even under controls for death at discharge, two agency characteristics remain significantly associated with access. Bereavement access tends to be more likely in agencies that provide only hospice care as opposed to other services, and in micro-politan agencies. Furthermore, death at discharge is less likely among African Americans, suggesting the value of enhanced culturally-appropriate and more targeted hospice care and hospice bereavement support for this population. Future research should explore the strategies used to effectively deliver bereavement services and how these strategies may benefit from targeted and culturally sensitive approaches.
Prospective study of perinatal outcome in pregnancies with primary antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Cetkovic Aleksandar , Kastratovic Biljana , Novakovic Ivana
Published: July 2014

Background/Aim. Pregnancies complicated with antiphospholipd syndrome are
associated with the increased perinatal mortality and morbidity. The aim of
this study was to assess perinatal outcome in pregnancies with primary
antiphospholipd syndrome. Methods. This prospective study evaluated perinatal
outcome in 25 pregnant women with antiphospholipid syndrome. After
establishing vital pregnancy all the patients were treated with
low-molecularweight heparin and aspirin. The perinatal outcome was measured
by rates of miscarriages, preterm deliveries, live births and neonatal
complications. Results. Of the 25 pregnancies, 20 (80%) resulted in live
birth, 3 (12%) in spontaneous abortion and 2 (8%) were stillbirths. The mean
gestational age at delivery was 37.2 ? 1.0 weeks, mean neonatal birth weight
was 2,930.4 ? 428.0 g. Prematurity occurs in 4 (20%) live births, and there
were 4 (20%) intrauterine growth restriction with mean birth weight 2,060 ?
210.6 g. Neonatal complications were present in 6 (30%) newborns. Adverse
perinatal outcome was significantly associated with anticardiolipin IgG
antibodies (p < 0.01) and development of hypertension during pregnancy (p <
0.01). Conclusion. Despite a high incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes in
pregnancies with primary antiphospholipid syndrome, early treatment with
aspirin and low-molecular-weight heparin, combined with meticulous
fetomaternal monitoring could be associated with a relatively high
probability of favorable perinatal outcome.
MD-Logic Overnight Control for 6 Weeks of Home Use in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Nimri Revital , Muller Ido , Atlas Eran , Miller Shahar , Fogel Aviel , Bratina Natasa , Kordonouri Olga , Battelino Tadej , Danne Thomas , Phillip Moshe
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE

We evaluated the effect of the MD-Logic system on overnight glycemic control at patients' homes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Twenty-four patients (aged 12–43 years; average A1c 7.5 ± 0.8%, 58.1 ± 8.4 mmol/mol) were randomly assigned to participate in two overnight crossover periods, each including 6 weeks of consecutive nights: one under closed loop and the second under sensor-augmented pump (SAP) therapy at patients' homes in real-life conditions. The primary end point was time spent with sensor glucose levels below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) overnight.

RESULTS

Closed-loop nights significantly reduced time spent in hypoglycemia (P = 0.02) and increased the percentage of time spent in the target range of 70–140 mg/dL (P = 0.003) compared with nights when the SAP therapy was used. The time spent in substantial hyperglycemia above 240 mg/dL was reduced by a median of 52.2% (interquartile range [IQR] 4.8, 72.9%; P = 0.001) under closed-loop control compared with SAP therapy. Overnight total insulin doses were lower in the closed-loop nights compared with the SAP nights (P = 0.04). The average daytime glucose levels after closed-loop operation were reduced by a median of 10.0 mg/dL (IQR −2.7, 19.2; P = 0.017) while lower total insulin doses were used (P = 0.038). No severe adverse events occurred during closed-loop control; there was a single event of severe hypoglycemia during a control night.

CONCLUSIONS

The long-term home use of automated overnight insulin delivery by the MD-Logic system was found to be a feasible, safe, and an effective tool to reduce nocturnal hypoglycemia and improve overnight glycemic control in subjects with type 1 diabetes.
Breeding for premature flowering resistant lines with improved fibre yield and quality in tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius L.)
Authors: Begum T , Kumar D
Published: July 2014

Ten diverse tossa jute genotypes of different eco-geographic origin were crossed with four well adapted varieties as testers to produce 40 F1s in line × tester mating design. Based on general and specific combining ability, 10 desirable cross combinations were selected and carried forward up to F4 generation by modified bulk method for further selection. Out of 890 selected promising single plant progenies from different cross combinations at F5 generation, 223 were further selected for premature flowering resistance and better growth performance over the ruling checks by sowing them at middle of March. Among 223 promising lines, 13 were short listed based on fibre yield and fibre quality parameters. Yield performance of these elite lines evinced that six lines viz. JRO 2405, JRO 2402, JRO 2404, JRO 2602, JRO 2406 and JRO 2407 were critically different from both the check varieties, JRO 524 and JRO 8432. These six high yielding lines having comparable or better fibre quality and showing resistance to premature flowering enabled them to be most suitable to fit in multiple cropping systems. Out of these 6 elite lines, JRO 2407 was identified as a new variety of tossa jute. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i1.19740 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(1): 9-17, 2014 (June)
Ethnobotanical study on some useful shrubs of Astore valley, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
Authors: Noor Ali , Khatoon Surayya , Ahmed Moinuddin , Razaq Abdul
Published: July 2014

In Astore valley, 26 species of plants under 17 genera and 13 families were found to be used as folkmedicine. The study reveals that the villagers from remote area use medicinal plants for the treatment of joint pain, bone fracture, urine problem, asthma, diabetes, blood pressure and for the treatment of other common ailments. The aborigines also use traditional herbal therapy for their live stocks. Because of high destruction pressure of anthropogenic origin, Ephedra gerardiana Wallich ex C.A.Meyer, Berberis spp., Rosa foetida Herrm. and Rhododendron hypenanthum Balf. f. were found threatened. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i1.19741 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(1): 19-25, 2014 (June)
Phytosociological analysis on the national park of the Tek Tek mountains, ?anliurfa, Turkey
Authors: Kaya Ömer Faruk
Published: July 2014

Vegetation of the national park of Tek Tek Mountains under the semi-arid and cool Mediterranean climate was analyzed according to 'Braun-Blanquet approach'. The plant associations are classified by considering the characteristic features of the species. In the national park, one new association (Ceraso tortusae - Pistacietum palaestinae) belonging to the shrub vegetation, and two new associations (Achilleo aleppicae - Centaureetum virgatae and Eryngietum cretico  virentis) belonging to steppe vegetation were determined. No similarity among these associations has been identified in the study area with any others introduced before was found. Therefore, these syntaxa are new for science. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i1.19742 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(1): 27-35, 2014 (June)
Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis of floral, yield and its component traits in CMS and restorer lines of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Bornare SS , Mittra SK , Mehta AK
Published: July 2014

The coefficients of phenotypic and genotypic variability were comparatively high for effective tillers/plant followed by grain yield/plant, plant height and angle of floret. High heritability accompanied with high genetic advance indicated predominance of additive gene action for the traits viz., 1,000 seed weight, plant height, anther breadth, anther length, effective tillers/plant and angle of floret opening. Selections can be effective on the basis of correlation and path analysis for characters like effective tillers/plant, spikelet density, angle of floret opening, duration of floret opening, panicle length, 1,000 seed weight and days to 50 per cent flowering. With respect to findings of the investigation, CMS lines viz., APMS 6A, IR 69622A, IR 62829A, IR 70369A and IR 68886A were identified as superior female lines with respect to floral, yield and its contributing traits whereas, among the restorer lines NPT-10, NPT-13-01, R-710 and Sugandh-3 were identified as putative lines. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i1.19745 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(1): 45-52, 2014 (June)
Genetic variabiity and character association for quality traits in recombinant inbred lines derived from inter sub-specific crosses of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Madakemohekar AH , Bornare SS , Chavan AS
Published: July 2014

The investigation was carried out to study the genetic parameters for quality and nutritional characters in 60 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of rice. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all the traits. It was observed that grain yield per plant was positively significant associated with seed width, milling per cent, gelatinization temperature, amylose content and kernel breadth before cooking. Kernel length after cooking, seed width, milling per cent, amylose content and gelatinization temperature had positive direct effect on grain yield. Comprehensive examination of result revealed that the recombinant inbred lines tested for high yield in rice viz., RIL-77, 08, 99, 75, 10 and 13 were identified as superior. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i1.19756 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(1): 97-99, 2014 (June)
Genotoxic effect of four medicinal plant extracts on Pisum sativum cv. Arikil
Authors: Siddiqui Sazada
Published: July 2014

The leaf extracts from four medicinal plants viz., Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Tectona grandis L.f., Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. and Eucalyptus tereticornis J.E. Smith were evaluated using Pisum sativum (Linn.) reduced mitotic index in a dose-dependent manner. The percentage of increasing abnormal mitotic plates was also concentration and time dependent. Commonly observed abnormalities were c-mitosis, laggard, bridges, stickiness, precocious separation, vagrant and fragments. The results indicate that commonly used aqueous leaf extracts of above plants has significant mutagenic action on plant model P. sativum var. Arikil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i1.19760 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(1): 107-111, 2014 (June)
A note to PhD students
Authors: Allen Barry J
Published: July 2014

No abstract available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v6i1.19750 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.6 No.1 2013 1-2
Comparison of healing in forelimb and hindlimb surgically induced core lesions of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon
Authors: Van Weeren P. R. , Van de Lest C. H. A. , Boere J. , Reyes M. , Ionita J. C. , Estrada M. , Lischer C. J. , Estrada R. J.
Published: July 2014

Objective: Even though equine multi-limb tendinopathy models have been reported, it is unknown if fore- and hindlimb tendon healing behave similarly. The aim of this study was to compare the healing process of surgically induced superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) core lesions of fore- and hindlimbs in horses.

Methods: Tendon core lesions were surgically induced in the SDFT of both fore- and hindlimbs in eight horses. One randomly assigned forelimb and one randomly assigned hindlimb were injected with saline one and two weeks post-surgery. The healing process was monitored clinically and ultrasonographically. After 24 weeks, the tendons were harvested and biochemical, biomechanical and histological parameters were evaluated.

Results: Twenty-four weeks post-surgery, the forelimb SDFT lesions had a significantly higher colour Doppler ultrasound vascularization score (p = 0.02) and glycosaminoglycan concentration (p = 0.04) and a significantly lower hydroxylysylpyridinoline content (p = 0.03).

Clinical relevance: Our results indicate that fore- and hindlimb SDFT surgically induced lesions exhibit significant differences in several important parameters of tendon healing 24 weeks post-surgery. These differences create significant challenges in using all four limbs and accurately interpreting the results that one might generate. Therefore these findings do not support the use of four-limb models for study of tendon injury until the reasons for these differences are much better understood.
Root contraction in Cycas and Zamia (Cycadales) determined by gelatinous fibers
Authors: Tomlinson P. Barry , Magellan Tracy M. , Griffith M. Patrick
Published: July 2014

• Premise of the study: Reaction wood (RW) in seed plants can induce late and usually secondary changes in organ orientation. Conifers produce compression wood (CW), generated by compression tracheids, which generate a push force. Angiosperms produce tension wood (TW), generated by tension wood fibers (TWF) often described as “gelatinous fibers,” which exert a pull force. Usually RW is produced eccentrically, but it can occur concentrically, as in aerial roots of Ficus. However, gymnosperms can produce gelatinous fibers (tension fibers, TF), as in cortical and secondary phloem tissues (Gnetum). TFs are therefore limited neither to wood, xylem, nor angiosperms. Here we demonstrate that TFs in secondary phloem are involved in contraction of roots of cycads and compare them with TFs of Ficus.

• Methods: We sectioned root material of cycads at various stages of seedling development using simple staining and histochemical procedures to follow the course of secondary phloem development. Aerial roots of Ficus were compared with the cycad root material.

• Key results: Tension fibers (gelatinous fibers) occur extensively and continuously in the secondary phloem in roots that undergo contraction. Older tissues, but notably the xylem, become distorted by contraction. TFs in cycads correspond in cell wall features to TFs that occur in Ficus, but do not occur in secondary xylem. The individual fibers visibly contract.

• Conclusions: Tissue contraction in Cycas and Zamia corresponds to that found in angiosperms and Gnetum and further broadens the scope of the activity of tension tissues. This finding possibly indicates that gelatinous fibers originated at a very early period of seed plant evolution.
Cómo la multimodalidad configura la decisión creativa en danza
Authors: Muntanyola Dafne
Published: July 2014

La toma de decisión creativa es un acto individual. El cuerpo de la bailarina es un instrumento para la exploración de las imágenes del coreógrafo. Al igual que en otros campos artísticos, como la industria cinematográfica, la creación en danza se basa en un dualismo cognitivo. Se considera al coreógrafo como el tomador de decisiones creativo, mientras que el bailarín se objetiva. En este artículo, afirmamos que los productos de la creatividad son modificaciones pequeñas pero cruciales de etapas transitorias de un ensayo de baile. Por un lado, se analiza una compañía de danza como un sistema cognitivo distribuido. A través del análisis de una etnografía audiovisual y cognitiva con ELAN encontramos diferencias en los patrones de toma de decisions. El coreógrafo se comunica con diversas modalidades, que llevan información específica, tanto de tipo físico como simbólico. Por otra parte, realizamos un Análisis de Redes Sociales con UCINET como una innovación metodológica. Así formalizamos los datos recogidos en los ensayos observados. En definitiva, la elección de las modalidades en la instrucción coreográfica da forma a la producción de movimiento, que se basa en díadas, tríadas y otras formas de interacción creativa.
The Establishment of an e-Learning System Based on SDT
Authors: Bang Mihyang , Wohn Kwangyun , Shi Chungkon
Published: July 2014

This study established an elementary-school English e-learning system on the basis of theory-based motivation strategies, and verified the effectiveness of the motivation strategies through educational practice and the applicability of traditional motivation theories in e-learning environments. Six motivation strategies were deducted, two from each of the three psychological needs (Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness) presupposed as preconditions that increase human motivation based on the Self-Determination Theory. Next, the e-learning system intended to increase intrinsic motivation for English learning was established based on the motivation strategies. Then, this system was used for year-long educational practice in 115 private educational institutes nationwide. Finally, a survey was conducted with 2,300 students to determine whether the e-learning system applying the motivation strategies satisfied the three psychological needs of elementary-school English learners, and whether it improved intrinsic motivation for English studies. Moreover, this study analysed the correlation among motivation strategies, three psychological needs, and five motivation groups. The results revealed that the motivation strategies applied to the e-learning system had a significant influence on the three psychological needs, and those needs had a significant influence on the five motivation groups. This proved the effectiveness of motivation strategies applied to the e-learning system. It was found that SDT, the traditional motivation theory that has been applied to face-to-face classes, is also effective in the e-learning environment. Finally, even in the e-learning environment focusing on individual learning, learners were found to value relationships with others, in addition to competence, which has been studied relatively often in the past. The significance of this study is that it established a theory-based e-learning system and that it is an empirical study applying motivation theories from face-to-face classes to the e-learning environment through educational practice.
International Distance Consulting via Web Conferencing
Authors: Nilsook Prachyanun , Wannapiroon Panita
Published: July 2014

The objective of this research is to study the result of the use of international distance consulting via web conferencing. The research discovered that: 1) the open source programs can be only used with desktop computers, but not with laptop computers 2) the result of the use along the consulting process is considered normal 3) there are some observations that are different from the criteria of evaluation: the picture quality, the sound quality, the interaction during the consulting, and the files management of the system. The students agree with the international distance consulting via web conferencing process that consists of 5 steps: 1) Preparation of the consulting system 2) Problem survey 3) Problem study 4) Determine the objective and resolve the problem 5) Make the conclusion of the consulting system.
E-learning Accessibility for Saudi Women: A Literature Review
Authors: Al Alhareth Yahya
Published: July 2014

Saudi government has made significant efforts and heavily invested in its e-learning innovation in order to offer students alternative opportunity to complete their higher education. However despite all the efforts being made, Saudi Arabia is still in the early stage of its e-learning development and faces many challenges especially for female’s students from their ability to take the benefit of such technology. Therefore, understanding the ability of Saudi women to access and use e-learning is more important than just make it available for them. In other words, the use of e-learning involves not just technical availability but the capability to benefit. In this regards, this paper will review the literature of e-learning accessibility for Saudi women by considering several different aspects including: general information about Saudi Arabia (e.g. country, society, education system), women’s education, higher education and e-learning, challenges of e-learning and women’s capacity to access e-learning freely.
MOISTURE AND FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF HEMP MAT FOAM STRUCTURAL INSULATED PANEL SPECIMENS
Authors: Dick Kris J. , Delijani Farhoud , Yuen Andy
Published: July 2014

The use of structural insulated panels (SIPs) for wall and roof assemblies in residential and commercial buildings is a well-known construction technique. SIPs typically use a combination of either expanded polystyrene foam (EPS) or polyurethane foam (PUR) as the core material. The covering or skin is predominantly oriented strand board (OSB). The OSB is either bonded to the foam with adhesive in the case of EPS, while polyurethane is used to provide adhesion with PUR SIPs. This paper presents the results of research that investigated the use of industrial hemp mat used as a skin for soy-based polyurethane foam panels. A series of tests were conducted to investigate moisture resistance and flexural behaviour on hemp mat foam panels. Moisture absorption behaviour was evaluated on three specimen types: uncoated, earth plaster and tung oil treated hemp mat. The absorption coefficient Aw was determined for all specimens. The tung oil treated specimens exhibited a water absorption coefficient that was 5.3% of that for untreated hemp mat panel specimens. Flexural tests were conducted on dry specimens with earth-plastered hemp mat, tung oil coated hemp mat, OSB and, untreated hemp mat skins. Tung oil provided resistance to tension failure and increased capacity to withstand considerable deformation without tensile failure in flexural specimens. Compared with pure foam specimens, untreated hemp mat improved flexural performance by 16.3%.
Structure and Reproductive Patterns in the Summertime Forest-Bat Community of Southeastern Texas
Authors: Debelica-Lee Anica , Wilkins Kenneth T.
Published: July 2014

Forests of eastern Texas represent the westernmost extent of the southern pine forests and part of the pine belt of the forested Gulf coastal plain. Bat community assemblages in similar forests throughout southeastern United States have been documented in various studies, but only scant data are available for Texas. The purpose of this study was to characterize the assemblage and investigate reproductive patterns of the summer bat community in the austroriparian forest of eastern Texas. Using mist nets, we captured bats during summers 2009–2011 and recorded species, gender, age and reproductive condition. We captured 382 bats of eight species: Seminole Lasiurus seminolus (n  =  163), evening Nycticeius humeralis (n  =  86), big brown Eptesicus fuscus (n  =  57), eastern red Lasiurus borealis (n  =  31), southeastern myotis Myotis austroriparius (n  =  21), tri-colored Perimyotis subflavus (n  =  19), Mexican free-tailed Tadarida brasiliensis (n  =  4), and hoary Lasiurus cinereus (n  =  1) bats. Analysis of reproductive data suggests that three of these species (big brown, evening, and Seminole bats) may be following a reproductive strategy—extended seasonal monoestry (births of single litters spanning a particular season)—different than their previously reported pattern of synchronous monoestry.
Simulation of B Cell Affinity Maturation Explains Enhanced Antibody Cross-Reactivity Induced by the Polyvalent Malaria Vaccine AMA1
Authors: Chaudhury Sidhartha , Reifman Jaques , Wallqvist Anders
Published: July 2014

Polyvalent vaccines use a mixture of Ags representing distinct pathogen strains to induce an immune response that is cross-reactive and protective. However, such approaches often have mixed results, and it is unclear how polyvalency alters the fine specificity of the Ab response and what those consequences might be for protection. In this article, we present a coarse-grain theoretical model of B cell affinity maturation during monovalent and polyvalent vaccinations that predicts the fine specificity and cross-reactivity of the Ab response. We stochastically simulate affinity maturation using a population dynamics approach in which the host B cell repertoire is represented explicitly, and individual B cell subpopulations undergo rounds of stimulation, mutation, and differentiation. Ags contain multiple epitopes and are present in subpopulations of distinct pathogen strains, each with varying degrees of cross-reactivity at the epitope level. This epitope- and strain-specific model of affinity maturation enables us to study the composition of the polyclonal response in granular detail and identify the mechanisms driving serum specificity and cross-reactivity. We applied this approach to predict the Ab response to a polyvalent vaccine based on the highly polymorphic malaria Ag apical membrane antigen-1. Our simulations show how polyvalent apical membrane Ag-1 vaccination alters the selection pressure during affinity maturation to favor cross-reactive B cells to both conserved and strain-specific epitopes and demonstrate how a polyvalent vaccine with a small number of strains and only moderate allelic coverage may be broadly neutralizing. Our findings suggest that altered fine specificity and enhanced cross-reactivity may be a universal feature of polyvalent vaccines.
A novel rejuvenation program for cancer patients at Kaivalyadhama, India
Authors: Majewski Lee , Bhavanani Ananda Balayogi
Published: July 2014

Background:

The modern intensive treatment for cancer leaves the patients physically and mentally exhausted by the end of it. There is great potential for Yoga, the original mind-body medicine, in such a situation as it conjointly emphasizes body, mind, and spirit, which may be particularly useful for enhancing patients' social and spiritual well-being. Some studies have reported the effectiveness of Yoga, meditation, and mindfulness as a rehabilitative and palliative therapy in various types of cancer.

Objectives:

With the above background in mind, we created a 3-week residential program for cancer patients to empower them in their journey, "back to health." The curriculum was geared specifically for those who had undergone chemotherapy and/or radiation.

Methods:

The program utilized the sister life sciences of Yoga and Ayurveda with a healthy dose of self-education to assist patients in their recovery from the devastation of cancer and its modern treatment. The modes of reintegration used in this program were designed to specifically address the physical, mental, and psychic (spiritual) needs of the participants. The curriculum included various asanas, kriyas, pranayama, mudras, and bandha, as well as chanting. Ayurvedic treatment based on panchkarma science was designed and applied according to each patient's disposition. An educational component was included to inform patients of potential carcinogenic factors in their life and to change their mindset and attitudes from victimhood to self-empowerment. In order to scientifically validate the program, physiological, biochemical, psychological, and Ayurvedic assessment of tridoshas was carried out.

Conclusion:

Our special Cancer Rehabilitation Yoga program is expected to have several beneficial effects for those recovering from the aftermath of anti-cancer therapies even at 3-month follow-up. Subjective observations so far reveal that the program led to overall empowerment of the participants.
Personality correlates of mindfulness
Authors: Menon Praseeda , Doddoli Suchitra , Singh Sukriti , Bhogal Ranjit S.
Published: July 2014

Background:

Mindfulness has received consistent attention from researchers in the last few decades due to its positive effects on physical and mental health, psychological well-being, as well as several therapeutic outcomes. In an attempt to discern its dispositional source, researchers have also looked at its relation with personality traits.

Aims:

The current study aims to carry the above effort ahead by looking at the relation of mindfulness to the big-five personality traits in the Indian context in an exploratory way to give some amount of cross-cultural validity to established relations in the Western context.

Methods:

The current study adopted the method of correlational research to fulfill the above aim.

Results:

Results of the current investigation on 60 plus Yoga students supported earlier meta-analysis by revealing highly significant moderate correlations, negative of -0.45 with neuroticism and positive of 0.49 with conscientiousness after controlling for demographics. Mindfulness also showed a positive relation to extraversion (r = 0.29), to a lesser extent though. The study, very surprisingly, showed no gender difference in neuroticism in the current sample of Yoga students, thereby creating a deviation to a widely present gender difference.

Conclusions:

The current paper discusses the above results in detail, and draws the personality mini-profile of a mindful individual to be that of one who is emotionally stable and/or well-disciplined in his/her approach toward life although, studies with larger, representative and cross-cultural samples are needed to further validate this claim.
Investigating types and sources of organic aerosol in Rocky Mountain National Park using aerosol mass spectrometry
Authors: Schurman M. I. , Lee T. , Sun Y. , Schichtel B. A. , Kreidenweis S. M. , Collett J. L.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. The environmental impacts of atmospheric particles are highlighted in remote areas where visibility and ecosystem health can be degraded by even relatively low particle concentrations. Submicron particle size, composition, and source apportionment were explored at Rocky Mountain National Park using a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer. This summer campaign found low average, but variable, particulate mass (PM) concentrations (max = 93.1 μg m−3, avg. = 5.13 ± 2.72 μg m−3) of which 75.2 ± 11.1% is organic. Low-volatility oxidized organic aerosol (LV-OOA, 39.3% of PM1 on average) identified using Positive Matrix Factorization appears to be mixed with ammonium sulfate (3.9 and 16.6% of mass, respectively), while semi-volatile OOA (27.6%) is correlated with ammonium nitrate (nitrate: 4.3%); concentrations of these mixtures are enhanced with upslope (SE) surface winds from the densely populated Front Range area, indicating the importance of transport. A local biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA, 8.4%) source is suggested by mass spectral cellulose combustion markers (m/zs 60 and 73) limited to brief, high-concentration, polydisperse events (suggesting fresh combustion), a diurnal maximum at 22:00 local standard time (LST) when campfires were set at adjacent summer camps, and association with surface winds consistent with local campfire locations. The particle characteristics determined here represent typical summertime conditions at the Rocky Mountain site based on comparison to ∼10 years of meteorological, particle composition, and fire data.
Observations of volcanic SO2 from MLS on Aura
Authors: Pumphrey H. C. , Read W. G. , Livesey N. J. , Yang K.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is an important atmospheric constituent, particularly in the aftermath of volcanic eruptions. These events can inject large amounts of SO2 into the lower stratosphere, where it is oxidised to form sulphate aerosols; these in turn have a significant effect on the climate. The MLS instrument on the Aura satellite has observed the SO2 mixing ratio in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from August 2004 to the present, during which time a number of volcanic eruptions have significantly affected those regions of the atmosphere. We describe the MLS SO2 data and how various volcanic events appear in the data. As the MLS SO2 data are currently not validated we take some initial steps towards their validation. First we establish the level of internal consistency between the three spectral regions in which MLS is sensitive to SO2. We compare SO2 column values calculated from MLS data to total column values reported by the OMI instrument. The agreement is good in cases where the SO2 is clearly at altitudes above 147 hPa.
Pressure dependent calibration of the OH and HOx channels of a FAGE HOx instrument using the Highly Instrumented Reactor for Atmospheric Chemistry (HIRAC)
Authors: Winiberg F. A. F. , Smith S. C. , Bejan I. , Brumby C. A. , Ingham T. , Malkin T. L. , Orr S. C. , Heard D. E. , Seakins P. W.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. The calibration of field instruments used to measure concentrations of OH and HO2 worldwide have traditionally relied on a single method utilising the photolysis of water vapour in air in a flow tube at atmospheric pressure. Here the calibration of two FAGE (Fluorescence Assay by Gaseous Expansion) apparatuses designed for HOx (OH and HO2) measurements have been investigated as a function of external pressure and temperature, using two different laser systems. The conventional method of generating known concentrations of HOx from H2O vapour photolysis in a turbulent flowtube impinging just outside the FAGE sample inlet has been used to study instrument sensitivity as a function of internal fluorescence cell pressure (1.8–3.8 mbar). An increase in the calibration constants COH and CHO2 with pressure was observed and an empirical linear regression of the data was used to describe the trends, with ΔCOH = (17 ± 11)% and ΔCHO2 = (31.6 ± 4.4)% increase per mbar air (uncertainties quoted to 2σ). Presented here are the first direct measurements of the FAGE calibration constants as a function of external pressure (440–1000 mbar) in a controlled environment using the University of Leeds HIRAC chamber (Highly Instrumented Reactor for Atmospheric Chemistry). Two methods were used: the temporal decay of hydrocarbons for calibration of OH, and the kinetics of the second-order recombination of HO2 for HO2 calibrations. Over comparable conditions for the FAGE cell, the two alternative methods are in good agreement with the conventional method, with the average ratio of calibration factors (conventional : alternative) across the entire pressure range COH(conv)/COH(alt) = 1.19 ± 0.26 and CHO2(conv)/CHO2(alt) = 0.96 ± 0.18 (2σ). These alternative calibration methods currently have comparable systematic uncertainties than the conventional method: ~28% and ~41% for the alternative OH and HO2 calibration methods respectively compared to 35% for the H2O vapour photolysis method; ways in which these can be reduced in the future are discussed. The good agreement between the very different methods of calibration leads to increased confidence in HOx field measurements and particularly in aircraft based HOx measurements, where there are substantial variations in external pressure, and assumptions are made regarding loss rates on inlets as a function of pressure.