bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International Standards for the Safety of Persons Assisting in Criminal Justice
Authors: Ignatenko Evgeniy A. , Lyakhova Anzhelika I. , Lukyanchikova Elena F. , Savelieva Irina V. , Starodubova Galina V.
Published: August 2020

The objective of the research was to analyze some international standards for the safety of people who attend criminal justice from different approaches and perspectives of analysis. Based on a meaningful analysis of the provisions of international and regional regulatory legal acts, the document presents approaches to the formation of standards to ensure the safety of persons who contribute to criminal justice. Methodologically, the work applied the provisions of dialectics, general, special and particular scientific methods. In the course of the study, scientific-historical, formal-legal, formal-logical, systemic and comparative methods were also used. It is concluded that the system of security measures for people who cooperate with criminal justice has significant differences in the different national criminal justice systems, which complicates international relations and cooperation in this area and does not allow the international community to advise effectively and comprehensively, while continuously generating challenges and threats.
The Analysis of the Essence on the Information Society in the Legal and Philosophical Context
Authors: Kostytsky Mychailo V. , Kushakova-Kostytska Nataliia V. , Serdiuk Ivan V. , Gvozdik Oleg I. , Pavlyshyn Oleg V.
Published: August 2020

This article analyzes the main conceptual approaches to understand a new type of information society. The methodology used in terms of intellectual operations to process information combined the dialectical method, historical method, comparative method, systemic and functional method, formal and logical method. The formation of the information society is the result of the new global social revolution that is based on the explosive nature of development and the convergence of information and communication technologies. It is a knowledge society, where the main condition for the well-being of each person and each state is the knowledge acquired due to free access and the ability to work with information. By way of conclusion, everything indicates that the main value of the information society is the formation of open access information spaces that improve the quality of life and human capacities, and promote the development of open societies.
Implementation of Inclusive Education Under the Convention on the Rights of Disabled People: A Comparative Legal Aspect
Authors: Lebed Anna V. , Guseva Anna A. , Karabutov Alexander A. , Markhgeym Marina V. , Rusin Ivan A.
Published: August 2020

The article presents a comparative analysis of inclusive education training in the Russian Federation, Germany and Italy based on the analysis of the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, also related to the development of inclusive education in member countries. At a methodological level, the study was built on the basis of a dialectical approach to the study of legal phenomena and processes, using a general intellectual process for the processing of sources of type: (systemic, logical, analysis and synthesis), all within the framework of documentary observation close to legal hermeneutics. The study of the concluding observations on the initial report of the states participating in the Convention mentioned above allows concluding that the approaches to inclusion are heterogeneous in different countries of Western Europe before signing and ratifying the United Nations Convention on the rights of People with disabilities. Furthermore, the document sought to determine the level of development of inclusive education, its problems and prospects in Russia compared to the states of Western Europe.
Judicial Power Principles in the Constitutions of African States
Authors: Treskov Aleksej P. , Jamil Ella Z. , Novikova Alevtina E. , Samsonov Valery N. , Zakharov Sergey S.
Published: August 2020

The objective of the research was to study the principles of the judiciary in the constitutions of some African states. The modern constitutional development of African states is mediated by the complex history of the continent, as well as by ongoing political processes. The emergence of basic laws in these states has become the basis not only for the establishment of constitutionalism, but also for the establishment and functioning of key public authorities. According to the functional division of state power, the organization and activities of the judicial authorities are inalienable. The source of such institutionalization and organization, of course, is its constitutions. In this sense, in the framework of this work, attention is paid to research to the analysis of the principles of the judiciary in the constitutions of African states. Formal-legal, linguistic-legal and comparative-legal methodology were used, which were used together to identify the principles of the judiciary. It is concluded that the analysis carried out showed that most of the constitutional principles sought are formalized in the special structural parts of the constitutions dedicated to the court of various instances.
Administrative-Territorial Reform: The Experience of the Countries of Western Europe
Authors: Harust Yuriy , Durnov Yevhen , Boichuk Andrii , Chernezhenko Olena , Holosnichenko Ivan
Published: August 2020

The relevance of this article is conditioned by the decentralization of the reform of political power in Ukraine, which presents the State with the permanent challenge of finding new ways to solve the problems of governance and governability at the district and regional level. The objective of the article was to carry out a scientific investigation on the mechanism of introduction of institutes of prefects in Ukraine, based on the experience of the main western European countries. The main research methods are general and specific, including the methods of logic, analysis and comparison of the sources consulted. The results of this study are to identify ways to introduce an institute of prefects in Ukraine. By way of conclusion, it highlights the importance of the results obtained, which is reflected in the fact that this study can serve as a basis to delineate future changes to the current legislation of Ukraine on issues of state administration, at the district and regional level, by introducing the institute of prefects.
Implementing Cultural Policies with a View of Capacity-Building at University
Authors: Ghavamabadi Ashraf , Salajegheh Sanjar , Sheikhi Ayyub , Kamali Mohammad jalal
Published: August 2020

The increase in the level of awareness and knowledge of public officials and senior managers of the community about the need to formulate an appropriate public cultural policy indicates its role and importance in improving social life. This research was established with the main objective of identifying the components of the implementation of cultural policies. The descriptive survey was used methodologically and the data collection instrument was a questionnaire with the statistical population, including experts, which was carried out using the two-step Delphi method. The statistical population of experts included cultural managers and university professors in the field of management and policy formulation. The sampling was non-random and deliberate, with 7 interviews carried out. Based on Delphi's two-stage results, panel member consensus, and achievement of theoretical saturation, experts identified 44 components. In conclusion, the results also showed that the dimensions of "management factors" and "software" had the highest average and the dimensions of "structural factors" and "activation of cultural centers in the university" had the lowest range.
KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA SEBAGAI BAGIAN DARI KAMPUS DAN PEMBERDAYAANNYA
Authors: Saragih Andreas M , Debataraja Semangat Marudut Tua
Published: August 2020

Occupational Safety and Health at our Campus is all activities to guarantee and protect the safety and health of students and all employees through efforts to prevent accidents and diseases caused by the work of employees / lecturers and student recovery. The risks faced by employees and students in lectures for example are accidents in driving, falling off on campus due to playing or playing sports, lack of sleep due to activities, natural disasters, earthquakes, floods, fires, and so forth. The Need for Policy, Planning, Implementation and Operational, Inspection and corrective action, Management Review, and Continuous Improvement for the OSH program done on campus. OSH activities certainly involve all students, lecturers, and all staff, and employees on campus so that OSH is cultured and not just material in lectures on campus.
A cultura da quarta dimensão no final do século XIX e início do século XX: um conceito para além do espaço-tempo de Einstein-Minkowski
Authors: Raposo Washington Luiz , Reis José Claudio
Published: August 2020

Ao final do Séc. XIX e no início do Séc. XX, existia no meio cultural um outro entendimento sobre o conceito de quarta dimensão que não era o de uma dimensão temporal como entendemos hoje, baseada na teoria de Einstein-Minkowski. Nessa concepção, de cunho mais filosófico/místico, a quarta dimensão representava uma dimensão extrassensível do espaço. O entendimento de que o espaço possui mais de três dimensões, as três conhecidas e mais a quarta dimensão extra-sensorial, exerceu forte influência sobre diversas áreas da cultura e, segundo Henderson (2013), teve papel importante nas artes e na literatura de ficção científica desse período. Estas discussões apresentadas fazem parte de um material didático elaborado para ser utilizado em uma disciplina regular de Física Moderna de um curso de licenciatura em física, a ser ministrada no primeiro semestre de 2020. No presente trabalho, apresentaremos as linhas gerais da proposta didática que será aplicada nesse curso, ainda em estágio de elaboração, e também apresentaremos uma síntese de três textos elaborados para esta disciplina. Estes textos, que tratam do contexto da elaboração do conceito de quarta dimensão na virada do século XX, compõem um total de cinco textos didáticos direcionados aos alunos dessa disciplina. Os demais dois textos que faltam estão em preparo e irão compor o material didático, juntamente com outros recursos a serem utilizados na disciplina mencionada. Quanto ao presente trabalho, iniciamos discutindo o arcabouço teórico necessário para a elaboração dos textos, depois discutimos alguns registos antecedentes ao século XIX que tratarão do assunto da dimensionalidade do espaço. A seguir passamos para uma apresentação sucinta da teoria do espaço-tempo de Einstein-Minkowski e, por fim, apresentamos as linhas gerais de uma concepção “alternativa” de quarta dimensão existente na virada do século em questão. Por fim, tratamos da proposta de abordagem interdisciplinar mencionada, que é uma disciplina obrigatória do currículo de licenciatura em Física de uma instituição federal de ensino.
Doze mitos sobre a Teoria da Relatividade que precisamos superar
Authors: Capiberibe Nunes Ricardo , Pereira de Queirós Wellington
Published: August 2020

No dia 29 de maio se comemora o centenário do eclipse de 1919 que teria “provado” (ou confirmado) a Teoria da Relatividade Geral “criada” por Albert Einstein em 1915. Essa frase bastante comum apresenta vários problemas conceituais, entre eles a ideia de que teorias podem ser provadas e tem criadores; e que os dados do eclipse foram suficientes para confirmar a Relatividade Geral. Depois de cem anos do eclipse, ainda há muitos mitos que rodeiam a Teoria da Relatividade e a figura de Albert Einstein. Nesse artigo apresentamos cinco mitos sobre a teoria da relatividade especial, três mitos sobre a relatividade geral e quatro mitos sobre Einstein, que são constantes em livros didáticos, livros especializados, jornais e obras de popularização da ciência. Para desconstruir cada mito, fazemos uma apresentação histórica e conceitual, que reflete um exame rigoroso de pesquisa na literatura primária e secundária. O objetivo do trabalho não é minimizar a contribuição de Einstein para a relatividade, mas desconstruir o mito produzido em torno do cientista Albert Einstein e apresentar o Einstein histórico e suas posições científicas, bem como discutir como ocorreu a construção da teoria da relatividade e seus desdobramentos, como o programa de Buracos Negros e Ondas Gravitacionais. Também mostramos que a Relatividade não era a única teoria consistente e não resolveu todos os problemas conhecidos de sua época, assim como a sua aceitação não foi imediata e nem se deu por algum experimento crucial (experimentum crucis).
Aspectos de corpúsculo e de onda na teoria newtoniana da luz: das visões do período pós-newtoniano à visão atual dos fenômenos microscópicos
Authors: Rocha José Fernando Moura
Published: August 2020

Neste trabalho, são discutidos aspectos de corpúsculo e de onda na teoria newtoniana da luz, na visão de alguns físicos de períodos posteriores ao de Newton, a partir do fenômeno da formação das cores em películas transparentes delgadas. Inicialmente, apresenta-se o contexto histórico e científico em que o fenômeno das cores em películas transparentes delgadas foi estudado por Newton e, em seguida, são discutidas algumas de suas contribuições para o entendimento desse fenômeno, apresentadas na segunda metade do século XVII e início do século XVIII. Em continuidade, é mostrado como alguns físicos reconhecidos pela comunidade científica, em períodos históricos posteriores a Newton, viram aspectos de onda e corpúsculo em alguns dos seus trabalhos. Finalmente, salienta-se a visão atual de que as dificuldades para descrever entidades do mundo microscópico por meio dos conceitos de onda e de corpúsculo resultam, certamente, do fato de esses conceitos serem do universo macroscópico e perderem a sua aplicabilidade à medida que são usados para explicar os fenômenos do mundo dos átomos.
Ensino de física térmica: ciclos de reflexão de um professor de física sobre a sua prática pedagógica
Authors: Moura Aguinaldo Capeletti , Assis Alice
Published: August 2020

A presente pesquisa foi motivada pela insatisfação de um professor de física relativa à sua prática pedagógica no sentido de propiciar aos alunos o desenvolvimento das competências elencadas na proposta pedagógica elaborada pela Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo. Frente a essa insatisfação, esse professor realizou esta pesquisa, por meio de ciclos de análise e reflexão dessa prática, com alunos da segunda série do Ensino Médio, da escola da rede estadual de ensino onde trabalhava, com o objetivo de assumir uma postura em sala de aula que viabilizasse a eles tal desenvolvimento. Para tanto, primeiramente, analisou e refletiu sobre a sua prática até o ano de 2016. A partir de tal reflexão, identificou alguns pontos carentes de mudança relativos a ela, que serviram de base para a elaboração da Sequência de Aprendizagem 1, aplicada em 2017. A aplicação dessa sequência em sala de aula passou a ser objeto de análise e reflexão, o que resultou em novos pontos carentes de mudança, que serviram de base para a elaboração da Sequência de Aprendizagem 2, aplicada no ano de 2018. Ao analisar e refletir a aplicação dessa última sequência, o professor percebeu a necessidade de novas mudanças, o que aponta para a importância de que tal processo seja contínuo. Os resultados desta pesquisa mostraram que o processo de análise e reflexão da própria prática modificou e aprimorou a postura pedagógica desse professor em sala de aula, o que propiciou aos alunos o desenvolvimento das competências mencionadas.
Literatura e Arte no ensino de Ciências: a formação de professores para alunos com deficiências visuais no Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Barbosa-Lima Maria da Conceição De Almeida
Published: August 2020

Trata o presente trabalho de uma proposta de formação de professores inclusivistas, ou seja, aqueles que acreditam que alunos sem quaisquer problemas detectados e alunos com quaisquer deficiências, possam estudar em escolas regulares. Fazemos uma conjugação entre Arte, especialmente a Literatura, no formato de histórias infantis para o ensino de tópicos elementares de Física nos anos iniciais de escolarização. Consideramos essencial o ensino equânime dos alunos considerados sem problemas aparentes e aqueles com deficiência visual. Apresentamos nossas atuações anteriores no campo de estudo da conjugação entre Literatura e Física e Arte Plástica e Física, como exercícios para chegarmos ao ponto em que hoje nos encontramos. Estamos certos de que os professores necessitam exercitar sua imaginação e criatividade, tanto para elaborar as histórias, quanto para avaliar sua compreensão, no que diz respeito ao tópico em pauta.  Relatamos o que esperamos da formação de licenciandos de nossa Universidade e os tópicos do Manifesto CiênciArte, que seguimos em nossa prática, tanto na formação, quanto em nossa atuação profissional.
O “Efeito Estufa” na Sala de Aula: um experimento de baixo custo para demonstrar a absorção de radiação infravermelha por gases estufa como o dióxido de carbono
Authors: Junges Alexandre Luis , Bühler Alexandre José , Massoni Neusa Teresinha , Schneider Siebeneichler Álisson Francisco
Published: August 2020

Efeito estufa e aquecimento global constituem tópicos complexos cuja compreensão requer o domínio de diversos conceitos e propriedade físicas. O mecanismo do efeito estufa está diretamente relacionado ao papel de gases estufa, como o CO2, em absorver radiação infravermelha emitida pela Terra e, desse modo, interferir no balanço de energia da Terra. A fim de contribuir na discussão do fenômeno do efeito estufa em sala de aula, assumimos que o uso de experimentos para demonstrar a propriedade de absorção de radiação infravermelha por gases estufa apresenta forte potencial educativo. Neste trabalho, é apresentado um experimento de baixo custo e de fácil realização em sala de aula para demonstrar a absorção de radiação infravermelha pelo principal gás, não condensável, de efeito estufa da atmosfera terrestre, o dióxido de carbono (CO2).
Um marégrafo ultrassônico baseado na placa Arduino para investigação do fenômeno das marés
Authors: Soares R G. , De Amorim Helio Salim
Published: August 2020

Neste trabalho apresentamos um projeto de construção de um marégrafo baseado num telêmetro ultrassônico controlado por uma placa Arduino Uno. O projeto é de fácil construção e de baixo custo e tem por objetivo viabilizar o estudo do fenômeno das marés oceânicas integrando atividades investigativas com a prática experimental. O fenômeno das marés se mostra uma excelente oportunidade para o estudo da gravitação universal de Isaac Newton e do estudo do movimento orbital do sistema Terra – Lua – Sol, dos quais é um resultado direto. Neste artigo, focalizamos basicamente a montagem experimental e apresentamos alguns resultados preliminares. Reservamos para um próximo artigo sugestões de aplicações em eventos investigativos bem definidos envolvendo o modelo newtoniano para o fenômeno das marés.
Synergistic radar and radiometer retrievals of ice hydrometeors
Authors: Pfreundschuh Simon , Eriksson Patrick , Buehler Stefan A. , Brath Manfred , Duncan David , Larsson Richard , Ekelund Robin
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Remote sensing observations at sub-millimeter wavelengths provide higher
sensitivity to small hydrometeors and low water content than observations at
millimeter wavelengths, which are traditionally used to observe clouds and
precipitation. They are employed increasingly in field campaigns to study cloud
microphysics and will be integrated into the global meteorological observing
system to measure the global distribution of ice in the atmosphere with the
launch of the Ice Cloud Imager (ICI) radiometer on board the second generation
of European operational meteorological satellites (Metop-SG). Observations at
these novel wavelengths provide valuable information not only on their own but
also in combination with complementary observations at other wavelengths. This
study investigates the potential of combining passive sub-millimeter radiometer
observations with a hypothetical W-band cloud radar for the retrieval of frozen
hydrometeors. An idealized cloud model is used to investigate the information
content of the combined observations and establish their capacity to constrain the
microphysical properties of ice hydrometeors. A synergistic retrieval algorithm
for airborne observations is proposed and applied to simulated observations from
a cloud-resolving model. Results from the synergistic retrieval are compared to
equivalent radar- and passive-only implementations in order to assess the
benefits of the synergistic sensor configuration. The impact of the assumed ice
particle shape on the retrieval results is assessed for all retrieval
implementations. We find that the combined observations better constrain the
microphysical properties of ice hydrometeors, which reduces uncertainties in
retrieved ice water content and particle number concentrations for suitable
choices of the ice particle model. Analysis of the retrieval information content
shows that, although the radar contributes the largest part of the information in the
combined retrieval, the radiometer observations provide complementary
information over a wide range of atmospheric states. Furthermore, the combined
observations yield slightly improved retrievals of liquid cloud water in
mixed-phase clouds, pointing towards another potential application of combined
radar–radiometer observations.
RIVER MORPHOLOGY MONITORING OF A SMALL-SCALE ALPINE RIVERBED USING DRONE PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND LIDAR
Authors: Backes D. , Smigaj M. , Schimka M. , Zahs V. , Grznárová A. , Scaioni M.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. An efficient alternative to labour-intensive terrestrial and costly airborne surveys is the use of small, inexpensive Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or Remotely Piloted Aerial Systems (RPAS). These low-altitude remote sensing platforms, commonly known as drones, can carry lightweight optical and LiDAR sensors. Even though UAV systems still have limited endurance, they can provide a flexible and relatively inexpensive monitoring solution for a limited area of interest. This study investigated the applicability of monitoring the morphology of a frequently changing glacial stream using high-resolution topographic surface models derived from low-altitude UAV-based photogrammetry and LiDAR. An understanding of river-channel morphology and its response to anthropogenic and natural disturbances is imperative for effective watershed management and conservation. We focus on the data acquisition, processing workflow and highlight identified challenges and shortcomings. Additionally, we demonstrate how LiDAR data acquisition simulations can help decide which laser scanning approach to use and help optimise data collection to ensure full coverage with desired level of detail. Lastly, we showcase a case study of 3D surface change analysis in an alpine stream environment with UAV-based photogrammetry. The datasets used in this study were collected as part of the ISPRS Summer School of Alpine Research, which will continue to add new data layers on a biyearly basis. This growing data repository is freely available for research.
GLACIER VOLUME CHANGE MONITORING FROM UAV OBSERVATIONS: ISSUES AND POTENTIALS OF STATE-OF-THE-ART TECHNIQUES
Authors: Di Rita M. , Fugazza D. , Belloni V. , Diolaiuti G. , Scaioni M. , Crespi M.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Alpine glaciers play a key role in our society through the production of freshwater for domestic, industrial and agricultural use. As they are severely affected by climate change, it is of crucial importance to understand their behaviour and monitor their morphological evolution, with the primary aims to estimate ice volume and mass changes. However, the accurate retrieval of glacier morphology changes over time is not an easy task. In this context, the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is of interest to the glaciological community because of their flexibility, fine spatial detail and ease of processing with state-of-the-art software packages, which makes them an ideal candidate to investigate glacier changes. The goal of this work is to assess the accuracy that can be obtained with UAVs observations when comparing volume changes computed from multi-temporal acquisitions on an Alpine glacier, on the basis of a photogrammetric pipeline implemented in Leica Infinity software. The study area is Forni Glacier in Raethian Alps, Italy. Two photogrammetric blocks were acquired in 2014 and 2016 using different UAVs: a fixed-wing drone in 2014 and an in-house multicopter in 2016. Ground Control Points (GCPs) were established only during the 2016 survey which was used to establish the reference datum. Different techniques to co-register the 2014 dataset to the 2016 dataset were applied and compared: 1) using points extracted from the 2016 Dense Point Cloud (DPC) as GCPs for the 2014 DPC generation; 2) shifting and rotating the raw 2014 DPC, using manually digitised common points from the 2014 and 2016 DPCs in Leica Infinity; 3) first manually shifting, then automatically roto-translating with the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm the raw 2014 DPC in CloudCompare. The investigation shows a good agreement of the three co-registration methods in terms of height and ice volume changes and the potential of UAV data processing with Leica Infinity for glacier monitoring even when the acquisition conditions are problematic (lack of ground control points, sub-optimal image quality).
THE STUDY OF MOBILE LASER SCANNING DATA ADJUSTMENT RESULTS FOR LARGE SCALE TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING
Authors: Altyntsev M. A. , Majeed Saber K. H.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Mobile laser scanning (MLS) data are widely used for solving various tasks. To be sure that these data are appropriate for a specific task it is necessary to adjust data with a certain accuracy. Large scale topographic mapping is one from the tasks often solved by MLS data. Necessary accuracy of creating topographic plans is determined with a requirements document. Topographic plans are always created in a certain coordinate system. For this reason, MLS data should be previously transformed in the required one. For transformation control points measured with other more accurate methods should be applied. The quantity of necessary control points depends on a surveying area. For urban areas a lot of control points are required due to bad quality of GNSS signal. Much research has been conducted for these areas. For areas with open view of the sky it is required significantly fewer control points. Moreover, there are not so many vertical objects in areas with open view of the sky. Large errors can take place in the result of automatic adjustment of point cloud’s multi-passes. The results of both relative and absolute MLS data adjustment are given for the area with a good GNSS signal. The paper presents the results of accuracy estimation with different quantity of control points. The main goal of the paper is to determine the minimum number of control points for MLS data to be appropriate for creating topographic plans at a scale of 1:500 with a contour interval of 0.25 m.
PRECISE CALCULATION OF CROSS SECTIONS AND VOLUME FOR TREE STEM USING POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Eto S. , Masuda H. , Hiraoka Y. , Matsushita M. , Takahashi M.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Woody biomass is an important parameter in forestry and forest research. In order to estimate of woody biomass, it is important to precisely and efficiently calculate section areas and volumes of tree stems in the forest. In this paper, we propose a method for calculating the cross-sectional area and the stem volume of trees from point clouds captured using the terrestrial laser scanner. In our method, each point cloud is converted into a wireframe model, and cross-section points are calculated as intersection between the wireframe and the horizontal planes placed at equal intervals. Cross-sectional shapes on each horizontal plane are approximated as n-sided polygons and refined using the subdivision scheme. The section areas and stem volumes are calculated using the subdivision curves of stem contours. In our evaluation, our method could calculate section areas and stem volumes of trees with sufficient accuracy in practical use.
FUSION OF THERMAL AND VISIBLE POINT CLOUDS : APPLICATION TO THE VACHES NOIRES LANDSLIDE, NORMANDY, FRANCE
Authors: Guilbert V. , Antoine R. , Heinkelé C. , Maquaire O. , Costa S. , Gout C. , Davidson R. , Sorin J.-L. , Beaucamp B. , Fauchard C.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. In this paper, we present a methodology to fusion 3D visible and thermal infrared (TIR) information on a coastal landslide area located in Normandy, France. A reflex and TIR camera on-board an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle are utilized to generate a 3D visible and a thermal model using Photogrammetry. A Python-written algorithm is then used to associate the thermal scalar on the TIR model to the closest point on the visible point cloud, before applying α-blending to ease the visualization of both data sets. This methodology leads to the generation of an integrated 3D thermo-visible model, allowing the direct analysis of the surface temperatures, visible data and geometric configuration of the landslide.
STUDY OF DIGITAL CAMERA CALIBRATION ON A FLAT TEST OBJECT
Authors: Govorov A. V. , Chibunichev A. G. , Makarov S. B.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The paper presents a method for calibration of digital cameras based on the use of a flat test object. The main distinctive feature of this method is that the camera is fixed and does not change its position in space. A series of images of a flat test object (for example, a chessboard) is taken at various distances and inclination of the test object. One should tilt the test object relative to the image plane in order to avoid ambiguity in solving the problem. All these images are measured separately, and processing is performed together, counting them as one image with common exterior orientation elements. Experimental studies have shown sufficient efficiency of such calibration, which is easily implemented and gives positive results in comparison with the classical calibration of the camera on a spatial test object. The results of experimental studies on real images have shown that proposed calibration method gives the comparable with conventional method accuracy. Thus, it is possible to use simple and cheap flat calibration test object instead of spatial one. To achieve the maximum result in camera calibration accuracy, use this method to tilt the chessboard at angles in the range of 30–40 degrees to the optical axis of the camera being calibrated.
EFFICIENT LOADING AND VISUALIZATION OF MASSIVE FEATURE-RICH POINT CLOUDS WITHOUT HIERARCHICAL ACCELERATION STRUCTURES
Authors: Otepka J. , Mandlburger G. , Schütz M. , Pfeifer N. , Wimmer M.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Nowadays, point clouds are the standard product when capturing reality independent of scale and measurement technique. Especially, Dense Image Matching (DIM) and Laser Scanning (LS) are state of the art capturing methods for a great variety of applications producing detailed point clouds up to billions of points. In-depth analysis of such huge point clouds typically requires sophisticated spatial indexing structures to support potentially long-lasting automated non-interactive processing tasks like feature extraction, semantic labelling, surface generation, and the like. Nevertheless, a visual inspection of the point data is often necessary to obtain an impression of the scene, roughly check for completeness, quality, and outlier rates of the captured data in advance. Also intermediate processing results, containing additional per-point computed attributes, may require visual analyses to draw conclusions or to parameterize further processing. Over the last decades a variety of commercial, free, and open source viewers have been developed that can visualise huge point clouds and colorize them based on available attributes. However, they have either a poor loading and navigation performance, visualize only a subset of the points, or require the creation of spatial indexing structures in advance. In this paper, we evaluate a progressive method that is capable of rendering any point cloud that fits in GPU memory in real time without the need of time consuming hierarchical acceleration structure generation. In combination with our multi-threaded LAS and LAZ loaders, we achieve load performance of up to 20 million points per second, display points already while loading, support flexible switching between different attributes, and rendering up to one billion points with visually appealing navigation behaviour. Furthermore, loading times of different data sets for different open source and commercial software packages are analysed.
SELF-LEARNING ONTOLOGY FOR INSTANCE SEGMENTATION OF 3D INDOOR POINT CLOUD
Authors: Poux F. , Ponciano J. J.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Automation in point cloud data processing is central for efficient knowledge discovery. In this paper, we propose an instance segmentation framework for indoor buildings datasets. The process is built on an unsupervised segmentation followed by an ontology-based classification reinforced by self-learning. We use both shape-based features that only leverages the raw X, Y, Z attributes as well as relationship and topology between voxel entities to obtain a 3D structural connectivity feature describing the point cloud. These are then used through a planar-based unsupervised segmentation to create relevant clusters constituting the input of the ontology of classification. Guided by semantic descriptions, the object characteristics are modelled in an ontology through OWL2 and SPARQL to permit structural elements classification in an interoperable fashion. The process benefits from a self-learning procedure that improves the object description iteratively in a fully autonomous fashion. Finally, we benchmark the approach against several deep-learning methods on the S3DIS dataset. We highlight full automation, good performances, easy-integration and a precision of 99.99% for planar-dominant classes outperforming state-of-the-art deep learning.
A MARKER-FREE CALIBRATION METHOD FOR MOBILE LASER SCANNING POINT CLOUDS CORRECTION
Authors: Yang B. , Li Y. , Zou X. , Dong Z.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Mobile laser scanning systems (MLS) have been widely used in collecting three-dimensional point clouds for many applications, such as 3D mapping, road facilities inventory and high definition map. Although MLS is calibrated accurately to obtain precise locations of point clouds, it is still challenging to obtain precise locations of point clouds in the areas of GPS signal denied or narrow streets with high dense buildings, resulting in uneven position deviations of point clouds between the overlapping trajectory areas. In this paper, a marker-free calibration method is proposed to solve the above problems. The proposed method firstly partitions the trajectory into segments according to the error distribution while collecting the point clouds. Secondly, the features in each overlapped area are extracted and a kind of Locally Aggregated Descriptors are built for the matching. Thirdly, a coarse-to-fine pairwise point clouds alignment is applied on the overlapping areas. Finally, the global alignment of point clouds is fulfilled with minimizing the position deviations between the overlapping areas and the adjacent segments. The proposed method has been used to correct the point clouds from several different MLSs. Experiments show that this method automatically locates and corrects the uneven position deviations in terms of good robustness and efficiencies. Besides, it proves that the proposed method is also an easy-to-use tool for the automatic correction of MLS point clouds position and boresights.
RECONSTRUCTION OF 3D ACCIDENT SCENE FROM MULTIROTOR UAV PLATFORM
Authors: Mat Amin M. A. , Abdullah S. , Abdul Mukti S. N. , Mohd Zaidi M. H. A. , Tahar K. N.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Traffic accidents are one of the major causes of fatality in developing countries. The aim of the study is to reconstruct accident scenes by using UAV photogrammetry. The methodology of this study is organised into four main phases which consist of preliminary work, flight planning, 3D model processing and analysis of the results. The 3D model was successfully generated by using Point of Interest (POI) flight planning. The 3D model showed that the results of the process produced good 3D texture where the two vehicles had good shapes and could be seen clearly from an oblique view. In addition, the effect of the tyres on the road could also be seen clearly and had good shape which were generated accurately. The accuracy values obtained from the POI technique and waypoint technique were 0.059m and 0.043m, respectively. Due to the availability of UAVs in the market at reasonable costs, photogrammetry offers the best alternative technique to other methods that have been used to reconstruct the accident scene.
FROM ARCHIVE DOCUMENTATION TO ONLINE 3D MODEL VISUALIZATION OF NO LONGER EXISTING STRUCTURES: THE TURIN 1911 PROJECT
Authors: Einaudi D. , Spreafico A. , Chiabrando F. , Della Coletta C.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Rebuilding the past of cultural heritage through digitization, archiving and visualization by means of digital technology is becoming an emerging issue to ensure the transmission of physical and digital documentation to future generations as evidence of culture, but also to enable present generation to enlarge, facilitate and cross relate data and information in new ways. In this global effort, the digital 3D documentation of no longer existing cultural heritage can be essential for the understanding of past events and nowadays, various digital techniques and tools are developing for multiple purposes.In the present research the entire workflow, starting from archive documentation collection and digitization to the 3D models metrically controlled creation and online sharing, is considered. The technical issues to obtain a detail 3D model are examined stressing limits and potentiality of 3D reconstruction of disappeared heritage and its visualization exploiting three complexes belonging to 1911 Turin World’s Fair.
AUTOMATED DIGITAL ODONTOMETRY: MEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSES IN CASES OF COMPLICATED DENTAL MORPHOLOGY
Authors: Gaboutchian A. V. , Knyaz V. A. , Novikov M. M. , Vasilyev S. V. , Leybova N. A. , Korost D. V. , Cherebylo S. A. , Kudaev A. A.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. 3D imaging techniques, which started to be exact in regard to the current study with photogrammetry, have brought to development of measurement method – automated digital odontometry (aDo) – with wider opportunities in terms of understanding morphological characteristics of human (or, non-human) teeth and dentition. Revealing them through odontometric parameters, not as visual descriptions, as it has been accepted for decades and is widespread till today, digital measurement methods provide for various previously unattainable detailed objective studies including descriptions or comparisons. These types of studies, carried out for dental and anthropological applications, are of high demand in palaeoanthropology, especially in cases of rare combination of finding uniqueness and preservation degree with considerations of unusual morphology. Thus odontological samples from the Upper Palaeolithic Sunghir’ (individual C2) are of particular interest in the current study which is aimed to detect distinctive parameters related to morphological features and to compare the degree of feature expression on antimere teeth and teeth with lower degree of that feature expression.
UAV BLOCK GEOREFERENCING AND CONTROL BY ON-BOARD GNSS DATA
Authors: Forlani G. , Diotri F. , Morra di Cella U. , Roncella R.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are established platforms for photogrammetric surveys in remote areas. They are lightweight, easy to operate and can allow access to remote sites otherwise difficult (or impossible) to be surveyed with other techniques. Very good accuracy can be obtained also with low-cost UAV platforms as far as a reliable ground control is provided. However, placing ground control points (GCP) in these contexts is time consuming and requires accessibility that, in some cases, can be troublesome. RTK-capable UAV platforms are now available at reasonable costs and can overcome most of these problems, requiring just few (or none at all) GCP and still obtaining accurate results. The paper will present a set of experiments performed in cooperation with ARPA VdA (the Environmental Protection Agency of Valle d’Aosta region, Italy) on a test site in the Italian Alps using a Dji Phantom 4 RTK platform. Its goals are: a) compare accuracies obtainable with different calibration procedures (pre- or on-the-job/self-calibration); b) evaluate the accuracy improvements using different number of GCP when the site allows for it; and c) compare alternative positioning modes for camera projection centres determination, (Network RTK, RTK, Post Processing Kinematic and Single Point Positioning).
IMAGE PRE-PROCESSING STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING PHOTOGRAMMETRIC 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF UNDERWATER SHIPWRECK DATASETS
Authors: Calantropio A. , Chiabrando F. , Seymour B. , Kovacs E. , Lo E. , Rissolo D.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Although underwater photogrammetry has become widely adopted, there are still significant unresolved issues that are worthy of attention. This article focuses on the 3D model generation of underwater shipwrecks and intends explicitly to address the problem of dealing with sub-optimal datasets. Even if the definition of best practices and standards to be adopted during the acquisition phase appears to be crucial, there is a massive amount of data gathered so far by professionals and the scientific community all over the world that cannot be ignored. The compelling idea is to attempt to achieve the best reconstruction results possible, even from sub-optimal or less-than-ideal image datasets. This work focuses on the investigation of different strategies and approaches for balancing the quality of the photogrammetric products, without neglecting their reliability concerning the surveyed object. The case study of this research is the Mandalay MHT, a 34 m long steel-hulled auxiliary schooner that sank in 1966 and now lies in the Biscayne National Park (Florida - USA). The dataset has been provided by the Submerged Resources Center (SRC) of the US National Park Service, in order to develop an experimental image enhancement method functional to the virtualization and visualization of the generated products, as a part of a sustainable, affordable, and reliable method of studying submerged artefacts and sites. The original images have been processed using different image enhancement approaches, and the outputs have been compared and analysed.
3D SEQUENTIAL IMAGE MOSAICING FOR UNDERWATER NAVIGATION AND MAPPING
Authors: Nocerino E. , Menna F. , Chemisky B. , Drap P.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Although fully autonomous mapping methods are becoming more and more common and reliable, still the human operator is regularly employed in many 3D surveying missions. In a number of underwater applications, divers or pilots of remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) are still considered irreplaceable, and tools for real-time visualization of the mapped scene are essential to support and maximize the navigation and surveying efforts. For underwater exploration, image mosaicing has proved to be a valid and effective approach to visualize large mapped areas, often employed in conjunction with autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and ROVs. In this work, we propose the use of a modified image mosaicing algorithm that coupled with image-based real-time navigation and mapping algorithms provides two visual navigation aids. The first is a classic image mosaic, where the recorded and processed images are incrementally added, named 2D sequential image mosaicing (2DSIM). The second one geometrically transform the images so that they are projected as planar point clouds in the 3D space providing an incremental point cloud mosaicing, named 3D sequential image plane projection (3DSIP). In the paper, the implemented procedure is detailed, and experiments in different underwater scenarios presented and discussed. Technical considerations about computational efforts, frame rate capabilities and scalability to different and more compact architectures (i.e. embedded systems) is also provided.
Snow cover variations across China from 1951–2018
Authors: Huang Xiaodong , Liu Changyu , Zheng Zhaojun , Wang Yunlong , Li Xubing , Liang Tiangang
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Based on a snow depth dataset retrieved from meteorological stations, this experiment explored snow indices, including snow depth (SD), snow covered days (SCDs), and snow phenology variations, across China from 1951 to 2018. The results indicated that the snow cover in China exhibits regional differences. The annual mean SD tended to increase, and the increases in mean and maximum snow depth were 0.04 cm and 0.1 cm per decade, respectively. SCDs tended to increase by approximately 0.5 days per decade. The significant increases were concentrated at latitudes higher than 40° N, especially in Northeast China. However, in the Tibetan Plateau, the SD and SCDs tended to decrease but not significantly. Regarding the snow phenology variations, the snow duration days in China decreased, and 25.2 % of the meteorological stations showed significant decreasing trends. This result was mainly caused by the postponement of the snow onset date and the advancement of the snow end date. Geographical and meteorological factors are closely related to snow cover, especially the change in temperature, which will lead to significant changes in snow depth and phenology.
Expediente
Authors: Ateliê Geográfico Revista
Published: August 2020

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Possible Actions in the Built Environment to Enhance Physical Activity: Systematic ‎Review
Authors: Safizadeh Mina , Marzbali Massoomeh Hedayati , Abdullah Aldrin , Maliki Nor Zarifah
Published: August 2020

As a crucial factor of health, physical activity is widely explored in many empirical studies. The problem of how the built environment may affect physical activity attributes was discussed in previous studies, and the classification of interventions was presented in a limited scope. Therefore, the present study aims to review built environment interventions while classifying them into motivators and barriers of physical activity in residential neighbourhoods worldwide. Firstly, the main dimensions explaining how the built environment affects physical activity are presented. Fifteen papers published between 2009 and 2019 were identified by an extensive search in ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed. These works were systematically reviewed based on their main characteristics and then classified based on their relevant operationalisation of variables. Improving motivators and conquering barriers of physical activity on neighbourhoods lead to a healthy and sustainable society. The results of the current work can help policymakers and urban planners use exclusive methods for each part of neighbourhood planning and create an environment that overcomes barriers and promotes public physical activity levels.
Zu den Wörtern śḫ und śḫw in den asiatischen Feldzugsberichten von Amenophis II. (mit einem Beitrag zum Lautwandel zwischen w und r)
Authors: Bojowald Stefan
Published: August 2020

In this article, the words śḫ and śḫw from the Memphis – resp. Karnak – Stela of Amenhotep II. are considered again. According to the context, the words have denoted a detail on chariots. In both cases, they are brought in relation with śḫr “tin”. The first writing goes back to the loss of r at the end of the word which is well known in other cases, too. The necessary condition for the second writing has been played by the phonetic change between w and r for which new examples are given in an appendix.