bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An ontological analysis of the visual expression of water based homeopathic remedy, Natrum muriaticum, as droplet glass stain patterns
Authors:   , Naicker Dinesha
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION: The idea of the memory of water arose in the laboratory of immunologist, Jacques Benveniste in the late 1980s where his research into allergies took him deeper intotrying to find out how the smallest amount of a substance could affect an organism. He experimented with Homeopathy by using highly diluted antibodies in his basophil degranulation test. He observed that highly dilute biological agents were still able to trigger the relevant biological system. (Thomas, 2007) The memory of water is a controversial topic that requires more research to be properly understood and as such, it is the researcher’s aim to gain insight on the memory of water. METHODOLOGY: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect that the preparation of a Homeopathic remedy (Natrum muriaticum) has on water, as its solvent, using the glass stain analysis as outlined by Kroplin (2001). The possible ability of water to hold and store the memory of its solute, sodium chloride, was investigated. The results would be added to the critical reflection on current literature available. In an experimental double blind study, Kroplin’s glass stain method was used to analyse the following:  The mother solution samples.  The 9CH potency samples (within Avogadro’s constant).  The 30CH potency samples (past Avogadro’s constant).  As well as the water sample used to make the remedy as the control. The above four samples were supplied from the following two manufacturers:  Durban University of Technology (DUT) manufactured by the researcher (appendix 2).  Samples manufactured by one commercial homeo-pharmaceutical company, ParcevalPharmaceuticals (appendix 3). This research aimed to investigate, using homeo-pharmaceutical principles (dilution and succussion), the structural influence of a solute on water after the solution is diluted beyond Avogadro’s constant. Repetition of the 5 experiment in week six aimed to investigate the validity of expiry time proposed by the homeopathicpharmacopoeia. RESULTS:  The stained picture patterns took on a consistent form of a starry night and the ‘stars’ seemed to increase in mass with potentisation suggesting that the homeopathic remedy manufacture process affects the outcome of the water’s form.  Overall consistency in picture patterns between both experimenters suggesting minimal observer effect.  The experiment was repeated to test expiry date and these pictures displayed degradation and thus seemed to offer validation towards homeopathic remedy expiration.  Although abstract qualitative results, a notable difference in water control and potentised water samples offer enough evidence for further investigations.
The efficacy of dry needling in patients suffering from lateral epicondylitis
Authors:   , Haswell Garrick David
Published: February 2022

Lateral epicondylitis is a relatively common disorder affecting approximately one third of the nearly thirty-two million tennis players worldwide. It usually presents as a chronic disorder that follows a remitting relapsing course, and as such represents a challenge to manage. At present the scientific literature does not favour any particular treatment modality and as such well designed placebo studies are required to assess the efficacy of the various modalities of treatment, with a long term view of establishing an effective treatment protocol to manage lateral epicondylitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of dry needling the posterior distal muscles of the upper extremity as a treatment for lateral epicondylitis. Sixty patients were included in the study. They all under went a case history, physical examination and an elbow regional examination. They were then randomly allocated into the experimental or control groups. The thirty patients in the experimental group received dry needling while the thirty included in the control group received placebo or 'sham' needling. All participants in the study received three treatments over a nine-day period with subjective and objective measurements being taken before the 1st. 2nd, and 3rd treatments, with a 4th being taken after the third treatment. Examination of the statistical data revealed that a significant improvement in the experimental group versus the control group in terms of both subjective
The prophylactic treatment of bovine mastitis using homoeopathic nosode therapy
Authors:   , Farrow Gregory Alan
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of homoeopathic nos ode therapy as a prophylaxis for bovine mastitis. It was hypothesised that the nos ode would decrease the somatic cell counts in milk samples taken from the experimental group and hence the incidence of clinical and subclinical mastitis. A placebo-controlled double-blind experimental design was chosen. The sample comprised 69 Friesland cows selected from a dairy farm in the Karkloof area of KwaZulu-Natal and was divided randomly into two groups of approximately equal size. Each group was tagged, thus easily identified for treatment purposes. During the trial the two groups intermingled freely, and were therefore exposed to the same external influences. The medication and placebo were provided in identical 50 ml bottles, each labelled with a code corresponding to one of the groups. For each treatment, five millilitres from each bottle were
The efficacy of homoeopathic similimum compared to a homoeopathic complex in the treatment of problematic primary dental eruption
Authors:   , Moyal Orley
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative effectiveness of Homoeopathic Similimum against a Homoeopathic Complex (Chamomilla 30CH Belladonna 30CH and Scutellaria lateriflora 06) in the treatment of problematic primary dental eruption, thereby expanding on previous nornoeopathic research. This study was a double blind randomised clinical investigation, which compared a Homoeopathic Teething Complex with Homoeopathic Similimum treatment. Thirty infants were selected for this study if they were between the ages of four months and three years and experiencing problematic teething. The criteria for the study required that the infants involved exhibited the following signs and symptoms of teething: irritability, waking at night, biting and chewing objects, decreased appetite, increased thirst, diarrhoea without dehydration, hypersalivation, flushed cheeks or circumoral rash and swollen red gums.
The effect of frequent and infrequent chiropractic treatments in the management of mechanical low back pain
Authors:   , Macleod Megan Rose
Published: February 2022

This comparative, randomized, controlled clinical trial consisted of sixty patients, suffering from low back pain (LBP) attributable to sacroiliac and/or lumbar facet syndrome. The aim of the study was to determine the relative effectiveness of frequent and infrequent chiropractic treatments in the management of mechanical low back pain. It was hypothesised that the Frequent Treatment Group would produce better results than the Infrequent Treatment Group. Treatments consisted of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) using diversified techniques to dysfunctional sacroiliac (SI) and or lumbar facet joints. All treatments were preceded with 5 minutes soft tissue therapy to the lumbar region. The study population was randomly divided into two treatment groups. The Frequent -Treatment Group received 9 treatments over a three-week period and the Infrequent Treatment Group received 3 treatments over the same treatment period. Data was collected before the treatment commenced and again at the beginning of the second and third weeks of the trial and finally the week following the last treatment. Subjective data gathered included results from the Numerical Pain Rating Scale 101 and the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaires. Objective data included an orthopedic rating scale used to assess the sacroiliac and lumbar facet joints and lumbar spine range of motion (ROM) as measured with the BROM II goniometer. Data obtained during the trial period was statistically analysed. No significant difference between the two treatment groups was found at the 95% level of confidence. These findings imply that once weekly treatments are as effective as three treatments per week in terms of the clinical measure employed in this study. The results from this study suggest that patients who receive treatments more than once a week could be receiving excessive treatments, which would make the cost of chiropractic treatment unnecessarily expensive. Intra-group analysis of the results indicated that both treatment groups improved significantly (0 =0.05) between the first and final consultation, for all measures. These findings demonstrate that chiropractic treatment is beneficial to patients with mechanical LBP. The mean values obtained for each group for the levels of pain intensity, disability, ROM and joint dysfunction show the Frequent Treatment Group to have improved slightly more than the Infrequent Treatment Group, however not significant at the 95 % level of confidence. The cost of more frequent treatment needs to be justified with superior long-term effects. Research into factors such as whether or not more frequent treatments maintain productivity and avoid chronicity may provide support for more frequent treatments.
A clinical audit of registered homoeopathic practitioners in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors:   , Verhooght Marianne Bernadette
Published: February 2022

From the world wide sales of homeopathic products for 1997, which were estimated to be $1.15 billion homeopathy is growing and becoming an important aspect of healthcare. In South Africa homeopathy is relatively new and there seems to be limited awareness of homeopathy amongst the public and healthcare authorities. A collection of basic data on treatment and prescribing patterns is urgently needed. A clinical audit, namely, practice based clinical research that allows the effectiveness of homeopathy to be evaluated under 'real-life' circumstances, is required. ABSTRACT A clinical audit includes three areas, quality assurance, treatment outcomes and economic outcomes. The study addressed the first two of these areas. Quality assurance includes documenting practitioner and practice demographics, procedures of diagnosis, care and treatment. The treatment outcomes were assessed by the practitioner and the patient. Patients also gave feedback on consumer satisfaction. The study was carried out by using the survey method and the measuring tool was a series of six questionnaires. The sample of practitioners (n = 30) was drawn from registered homeopathic practitioners of Kwazulu Natal (KZN). Data from 158 patients was collected. The study was completed in 5 stages. Stage 1, was a telephonic contact of all registered homeopaths by the researcher. In Stage 2, a face to face interview of participating practitioners was conducted by the researcher. Stage 3 was the initial consultation, where both the practitioner and patient completed questionnaires. Stage 4 consisted of a follow-up consultation where again the practitioner and patient completed post treatment questionnaires. Stage 5 was the exit questionnaire administered to drop out patients by the researcher telephonically.
A survey to determine the perceptions of veterinarians towards homoeopathy and the utilization of homoeopathy by veterinarians in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors:   , Turner Taryn-Lee
Published: February 2022

In order to determine the perceptions of veterinarians towards homoeopathy and the utilization of homoeopathy by veterinarians in KwaZulu-Natal, a survey was sent out to 128 veterinarians practicing in the area. The questionnaire consisted of 6 demographic and 26 veterinary related questions. In most cases the respondents had to tick off a pre-printed answer, but a few of the questions had open-ended answers. The questionnaire was completed and returned by 63 (49,2%) veterinarians. The data was analysed by the SPSS software and the statistical methods used were frequency tables and chi-square tests. The response by the veterinarians was very positive and the sample well distributed in terms of age, type of practice, area of practice and type of animal treated. The study showed that 60.3% of respondents use homoeopathy, with the majority of these using homoeopathy for less than 10 years. Veterinarians who treat small animals were more likely to use homoeopathy than those treating large animals. The reasons for using homoeopathy were mainly as an alternative treatment, and because the treatment has less (no) side effects. Most veterinarians use homoeopathy on few patients, with only one veterinarian using it on all patients. All the veterinarians currently using homoeopathy expressed a wish to continues using homoepathy.
Archaeological Evidence for Late Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic Marble Vessel Making at Ada Höyük
Authors: YILMAZ Mehmet Ali
Published: February 2022

Stone vessels generally appear in chronological order dating back to the Epipaleolithic period. Although several chronological and typological evaluations of vessels made of different types of stones have been made so far, there is little information about their production techniques.
The focus of this study is the production of marble vessels as well as on some other finds of Ada Höyük, a settlement, which was investigated as part of the Uşak Protohistoric Period Survey Project (UPDAP). They are generally defined as grave goods or daily use objects according to their context. This article aims to date marble vessels from Ada Höyük through typological analogies and to assess their chaîne opératoire and production technology.
ANALISIS PENGARUH CITRA PRODUK, HARGA JUAL DAN DESAIN KEMASAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN VCO DI APOTEK MATAHARI
Authors: Sylvia Br. Ginting Ovalina , Arif Affandi Ahmad
Published: February 2022

The aims of this study were to know the partial and simultantinfluence of product image, product price and packaging to purchase decision of herbal medicine VCO. The design of this study was a case study using the primary data. The population of this study were the consumers of Matahari Pharmacy. The sample size was 69 respondents.The sample was chosen using non-probability sampling. Data was collected by interviewing and distributing questionairs. The data was analysed using multiple linear regression.

The research found that the product image and product packaginghad a significant influence to the purchase decision of herbal medicine VCO, while the product price had no significant influence to the purchase decision of herbal medicine VCO. Simultaneously, product image, product price and product packaginghad significant influence to purchase decision of herbal medicine VCO.
FORMULASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRIH HIJAU (Piper betle Linn.) Sebagai Gel Hand Sanitizer
Authors: Zulfikri Zulfikri , Dianti Cici
Published: February 2022

Kesehatan merupakan aspek penting yang dapat mempengaruhi kehidupan  setiap orang. Salah satu cara yang efektif untuk menjaga kesehatan tubuh adalah menjaga kebersihan yaitu kebersihan tangan. Tangan merupakan salah satu jalur penularan berbagai penyakit menular seperti penyakit gangguan usus dan pencernaan seperti (diare dan muntah) dan berbagai penyakit lainnya. Salah satu cara yang praktis dalam pencegahan penyakit dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan hand sanitizer sebagai pengganti cuci tangan. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan eksperimental. Penelitian ini meliputi, pembuatan orientasi basis gel, menformulasikan ekstrak etanol daun sirih hijau  5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20% dalam sediaan gel hand sanitizer, uji evaluasi sediaan meliputi organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar, uji stabilitas, dan iritasi pada kulit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan esktrak etanol daun sirih hijau (Piper betle Linn.) dapat diformulasikan dalam bentuk sediaan gel hand sanitizer dan stabil baik fisik sediaan, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar sediaan serta tidak menimbulkan iritasi kulit. Uji organoleptik pada sediaan diperoleh pada semua F0 memiliki warna putih sedangkan pada formula 1 sampai 4 memiliki warna kuning kehijauan, pada uji homogenitas diperoleh hasil homogen untuk semua formula, pada uji pH diperoleh nilai pH berkisar antara 4-5, pada uji daya sebardiperoleh hasil pada F0 (Blanko) yaitu 6 cm, pada F1 (5%) yaitu 6,5 cm, pada F3 (15%) yaitu 6,5 cm dan pada F4 (20%) yaitu 5,5 cm, untuk uji stabilitas yaitu stabil, untuk uji iritasi yaitu tidak menyebabkan iritasi pada kulit.
ISOLASI SENYAWA EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT DAUN TUMBUHAN BERENUK (Crescentia cujete L.)
Authors: Arel Afdhil , Ningsih Wida
Published: February 2022

Berenuk merupakan tanaman perdu tropis yang berkhasiat sebagai obat berbagai penyakit. Daun berenuk dalam pengobatan tradisional digunakan untuk mengobati luka baru dan menurunkan hipertensi. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan identifikasi dan isolasi pada daun berenuk (Crescentia cujete L.). Isolasi dilakukan dengan cara ekstraksi maserasi menggunakan pelarut etil asetat  yang menghasilkan ekstrak kental daun berenuk. Pemisahan senyawa dari ekstrak kental etil asetat dilakukan menggunakan kromatografi kolom dan dimonitor dengan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Fraksi yang menunjukkan pola noda yang sama pada hasil pemisahan dengan KLT, digabungkan. Karakterisasi senyawa dilakukan dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dengan panjang gelombang maksimal 403 nm, spektrofotometer IR memberikan pita serapan pada bilangan gelombang 1734.82  cm-1, 1236.42 cm-1, 2983.39 cm-1, 3566.05 cm-1, dan titik leleh 194-1990C.
HUBUNGAN POLA ASUH ORANG TUA DENGAN TINGKAT PERKEMBANGAN BAHASA DAN PERKEMBANGAN PERSONAL SOSIAL BALITA DI PUSKESMAS HILIZALOOTANO KECAMATAN MAZINO
Authors: Faramita Sambo Siska , Dwi Sugesti Lulu , Novianti Siska , Laia Milkaria , Laia Noferiani
Published: February 2022

Pola asuh adalah tindakan yang dilakukan orang tua dalam mendukung balita untuk mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengetahui apakah ada hubungan pola asuh orang tua dengan tingkat perkembangan bahasa dan perkembangan personal sosial balita. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi penelitian 90 balita dengan sampel 36 balita. Analisa data menggunakan uji Chi Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  mayoritas pola asuh orang tua yang diberikan pada balita adalah pola asuh otoriter (52,8%). Kesimpulan bahwa pola asuh orang tua dengan tingkat perkembangan bahasa balita memiliki nilai yang signifikan p value = 0,000 dan pola asuh orang tua dengan tingkat perkembangan personal sosial balita memiliki nilai yang signifikan p value = 0,021, yang artinya kedua variabel tersebut memiliki hubungan yang erat terhadap pola asuh orang tua yang telah di berikan kepada balita.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGKAT KECEMASAN DENGAN KEINGINAN MENYUSUI EKSKLUSIF PADA IBU POST PARTUM SECTIO CAESAREA PRIMIPARA DI RUMAH SAKIT NURUL HASANAH
Authors: Ariani Rizky Itika , Sahara Panggabean Rita , Lady Lusiana Manalu Harauly , Oktaviani Emma
Published: February 2022

Latar belakang ASI (Air Susu ibu ) adalah hasil produksi dari mammae seorang ibu setelah lahiran yang akan diberikan untuk anaknnya . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara tingkat kecemasan seorang ibu dengan keinginan menyusui eksklusif pada Ibu Post Partum Sectio Caesarea primipara. Metode penelitian deskriptif Analitik dengan menggunakan disain penelitian cross sectional dan jumlah sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 50 ibu post partum Sectio Caesarea primipara. Populasi penelitian ini yang diambil adalah subjek yang sesuai kriteria inklusi dan kriteria eksklusi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner tingkat kecemasan (HARS) dan keinginan menyusui (IFI). Hasil berdasarkan uji Sperman didapatkan nilai sig sebesar 0,96 > 0,05 yang berarti bahwa tidak ada hubungan tingkat kecemasan dengan keinginan meyusui ekslusif ibu post partum Sectio Caesarea Primipara. Kesimpulanya tidak ada hubungan tingkat kecemasan dan keinginan meyusui ekslusif  ibu post partum Sectio Caesarea  Primipara di Rumah Sakit Nurul Hasanah
PENGARUH PIJAT OKSITOSIN TERHADAP PRODUKSI ASI DI PRAKTEK BIDAN MANDIRI YENI KECEMATAN PERCUT SEI TUAN
Authors: Sari Juita
Published: February 2022

Kelancaran Produksi ASI pada hari-hari pertama persalinan sangat di pengaruhi oleh pruduksi hormone prolactin dan Oksitosin yang dapat berpengaruh pada menurunnya produksi ASI, produksi  ASI bisa menimbulkan masalah   baik   pada   ibu   maupun   bayi   diantaranya   payudara bengkak, Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Pijat Oksitosin Terhadap Produksi Asi Di Praktek Bidan Mandiri Yeni   Kecematan Percut Sei Tuan Kabupaten Deli Serdang Tahun 2021.

Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian Pre-eksperimental design, Desain penelitian One Group pre-test and post-test design   tanpa kelompok kontrol,  kelompok  subjek  diobservasi,  Populasi  dalam  penelitian  ini  adalah seluruh ibu post partum, di praktek bidan mandiri yeni kecematan percut sei tuan kabupaten deli serdang kecematan percut sei tuan kabupaten deli serdang yaitu sebanyak  20 ibu post partum. teknik pemngambilan sampel acicidental sampling. Analisadata yang digunakan Uji Wilcoxon digunakan untuk melihat pengaruh antara dua variabel  dengan derajat kepercayaan 95%.

Hasil penelitian ini terdapat produksi Asi sebelum dilakukannya Pijat Oksitosin di Praktek Bidan Mandiri Yeni  Kecematan Percut Sei Tuan Kabupaten Deli Serdang Tahun 2021 Tahun 2021 mayoritas tidak lancer yaitu sebanyak 13 responden (65,0%). Produksi Asi sesudah dilakukannya Pijat Oksitosin di Praktek Bidan Mandiri Yeni  Kecematan Percut Sei Tuan Kabupaten Deli Serdang Tahun

2021 Tahun 2021 mayoritas lancar yaitu sebanyak 12 responden (60,0%).

Kesimpulan hasil ini membuktikan bahwa pijat oksitosin memberikan pengaruh  yang baik terhadap produksi ASI pada Ibu post partum  Disarankan Tenaga kesehatan  di  harapkan  petugas  kesehatan  khususnya bidan  di  Praktek Bidan Mandiri melakukan penyuluhan dan pelatihan pijat oksitosin di kelas ibu  hamil terutama trimester III yang akan menghadapi proses persalinan nantinya.

Kata Kunci : Pijat, Oksitosin, Produksi. ASI
Swiss halocarbon emissions for 2019 to 2020 assessed from regional atmospheric observations
Authors: Rust Dominique , Katharopoulos Ioannis , Vollmer Martin K. , Henne Stephan , O'Doherty Simon , Say Daniel , Emmenegger Lukas , Zenobi Renato , Reimann Stefan
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Halocarbons contribute to global warming and stratospheric ozone depletion. They are emitted to the atmosphere by various anthropogenic
activities. To determine Swiss national halocarbon emissions, we applied top-down methods, which rely on atmospheric concentration observations
sensitive to the targeted emissions. We present 12 months (September 2019 to August 2020) of continuous atmospheric observations of
28 halocarbons from a measurement campaign at the Beromünster tall tower in Switzerland. The site is sensitive to the Swiss Plateau, which is the most densely populated area of Switzerland. Therefore, the measurements are well suited to derive Swiss halocarbon emissions. Emissions were calculated by two different top-down methods, i.e. a tracer ratio method (TRM), with carbon monoxide (CO) as the independent tracer, and a Bayesian inversion (BI), based on atmospheric transport simulations using FLEXPART–COSMO. The results were compared to previously reported top-down emission estimates, based on measurements at the high-Alpine site of Jungfraujoch, and to the bottom-up Swiss national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory, as annually reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). We observed moderately elevated concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), both banned from production and consumption in Europe. The corresponding emissions are likely related to the ongoing outgassing from older foams and refrigerators and confirm the widespread historical use of these substances. For
the major hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), HFC-125 (CHF2CF3) and HFC-32 (CH2F2), our calculated emissions of 100 ± 34 and 45 ± 14 Mg yr−1 are in good agreement with the numbers reported in the Swiss inventory, whereas, for HFC-134a
(CH2FCF3), our result of 280 ± 89 Mg yr−1 is more than 30 % lower than the Swiss inventory. For HFC-152a
(CH3CHF2), our top-down result of 21 ± 5 Mg yr−1 is significantly higher than the number reported in the Swiss inventory. For the other investigated HFCs, perfluorocarbons (PFCs), SF6 and NF3, Swiss emissions were small and in agreement with the inventory. Finally, we present the first country-based emission estimates for three recently phased-in, unregulated hydrofluoroolefins
(HFOs), HFO-1234yf (CF3CF=CH2), HFO-1234ze(E) ((E)-CF3CH=CHF), and HCFO-1233zd(E)
((E)-CF3CH=CHCl). For these three HFOs, we calculated Swiss emissions of 15 ± 4, 34 ± 14, and
7 ± 1 Mg yr−1, respectively.
Free amino acid quantification in cloud water at the Puy de Dôme station (France)
Authors: Renard Pascal , Brissy Maxence , Rossi Florent , Leremboure Martin , Jaber Saly , Baray Jean-Luc , Bianco Angelica , Delort Anne-Marie , Deguillaume Laurent
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Eighteen free amino acids (FAAs) were quantified in cloud water sampled at
the Puy de Dôme station (PUY – France) during 13 cloud events. This quantification has been performed without concentration or
derivatization, using liquid chromatography hyphened to mass
spectrometry (LC-MS) and the standard addition method to correct for matrix effects. Total concentrations of FAAs (TCAAs) vary from 1.2
to 7.7 µM, Ser (serine) being the most abundant AA (23.7 % on average) but with elevated standard deviation, followed by glycine (Gly)
(20.5 %), alanine (Ala) (11.9 %), asparagine (Asn) (8.7 %), and leucine/isoleucine (Leu/I)​​​​​​​ (6.4 %). The distribution of AAs among the
cloud events reveals high variability. TCAA constitutes between 0.5 and 4.4 % of the dissolved organic carbon measured in the cloud samples. AA quantification in cloud water is scarce, but the results agree with the few studies that investigated AAs in this aqueous medium. The environmental
variability is assessed through a statistical analysis. This work shows that
AAs are correlated with the time spent by the air masses within the boundary
layer, especially over the sea surface before reaching the PUY. The cloud
microphysical properties' fluctuation does not explain the AA variability in our samples, confirming previous studies at the PUY. We finally assessed the sources and the atmospheric processes that potentially explain the
prevailing presence of certain AAs in the cloud samples. The initial
relative distribution of AAs in biological matrices (proteins extracted from
bacterial cells or mammalian cells, for example) could explain the dominance
of Ala, Gly, and Leu/I. AA composition of aquatic organisms (i.e., diatom species) could also explain the high concentrations of Ser in our samples. The analysis of the AA hygroscopicity also indicates a higher contribution of AAs (80 % on average) that are hydrophilic or neutral, revealing the
fact that other AAs (hydrophobic) are less favorably incorporated into cloud
droplets. Finally, the atmospheric aging of AAs has been evaluated by
calculating atmospheric lifetimes considering their potential transformation
in the cloud medium by biotic or abiotic (mainly oxidation) processes. The
most concentrated AAs encountered in our samples present the longest
atmospheric lifetimes, and the less dominant ones are clearly efficiently transformed in the atmosphere, potentially explaining their low concentrations. However, this cannot fully explain the relative contribution
of several AAs in the cloud samples. This reveals the high complexity of the
bio-physico-chemical processes occurring in the multiphase atmospheric
environment.
Assessing synergistic radar and radiometer capability in retrieving ice cloud microphysics based on hybrid Bayesian algorithms
Authors: Liu Yuli , Mace Gerald G.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The 2017 National Academy of Sciences Decadal Survey highlighted several high-priority objectives to be pursued in the decadal timeframe, and the next-generation Cloud, Convection and Precipitation (CCP) observing system is thereby contemplated. In this study, we develop a suite of hybrid Bayesian algorithms to evaluate two CCP remote sensor candidates including a W-band cloud radar and a (sub)millimeter-wave radiometer with channels in the 118–880 GHz frequency range for capability in constraining ice cloud microphysical quantities. The algorithms address active-only, passive-only, and synergistic active–passive retrievals. The hybrid Bayesian algorithms combine the Bayesian Monte Carlo integration and optimization process to retrieve quantities with uncertainty estimates. The radar-only retrievals employ the optimal estimation methodology, while the radiometer-involved retrievals employ ensemble approaches to maximize the posterior probability density function. A priori information is obtained from the Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling (TC4) in situ data and CloudSat radar observations. End-to-end simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate the retrieval accuracies by comparing the retrieved parameters with known values. The experiment results suggest that the radiometer measurements possess high sensitivity to ice cloud particles with large water content. The radar-only retrievals demonstrate capability in reproducing ice water content profiles, but the performance in retrieving number concentration is poor. The synergistic observations enable improved pixel-level retrieval accuracies, and the improvements in ice water path retrievals are significant. The proposed retrieval algorithms could serve as alternative methods for exploring the synergistic active and passive concept, and the algorithm framework could be extended to the inclusion of other remote sensors to further assess the CCP observing system in future studies.
EcoDes-DK15: high-resolution ecological descriptors of vegetation and terrain derived from Denmark's national airborne laser scanning data set
Authors: Assmann Jakob J. , Moeslund Jesper E. , Treier Urs A. , Normand Signe
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Biodiversity studies could strongly benefit from three-dimensional data on
ecosystem structure derived from contemporary remote sensing technologies,
such as light detection and ranging (lidar). Despite the increasing
availability of such data at regional and national scales, the average
ecologist has been limited in accessing them due to high requirements on
computing power and remote sensing knowledge. We processed Denmark's
publicly available national airborne laser scanning (ALS) data set acquired
in 2014/15, together with the accompanying elevation model, to compute 70
rasterised descriptors of interest for ecological studies. With a grain size
of 10 m, these data products provide a snapshot of high-resolution measures
including vegetation height, structure and density, as well as topographic
descriptors including elevation, aspect, slope and wetness across more than
40 000 km2 covering almost all of Denmark's
terrestrial surface. The resulting data set is comparatively small
(∼94 GB, compressed 16.8 GB), and the raster data can be
readily integrated into analytical workflows in software familiar to many
ecologists (GIS software, R, Python). Source code and documentation for the
processing workflow are openly available via a code repository, allowing for
transfer to other ALS data sets, as well as modification or re-calculation
of future instances of Denmark's national ALS data set. We hope that our
high-resolution ecological vegetation and terrain descriptors (EcoDes-DK15)
will serve as an inspiration for the publication of further such data sets
covering other countries and regions and that our rasterised data set will
provide a baseline of the ecosystem structure for current and future studies
of biodiversity, within Denmark and beyond. The full data set is available on Zenodo: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756556
(Assmann et al., 2021); a 5 MB teaser subset is also available:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6035188 (Assmann et al., 2022a).
Estimating CO2 emissions for 108 000 European cities
Authors: Moran Daniel , Pichler Peter-Paul , Zheng Heran , Muri Helene , Klenner Jan , Kramel Diogo , Többen Johannes , Weisz Helga , Wiedmann Thomas , Wyckmans Annemie , Strømman Anders Hammer , Gurney Kevin R.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. City-level CO2 emissions inventories are foundational for supporting
the EU's decarbonization goals. Inventories are essential for priority
setting and for estimating impacts from the decarbonization transition. Here
we present a new CO2 emissions inventory for all 116 572 municipal and
local-government units in Europe, containing 108 000 cities at the smallest
scale used. The inventory spatially disaggregates the national reported
emissions, using nine spatialization methods to distribute the 167 line items
detailed in the National Inventory Reports (NIRs) using the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) Common
Reporting Framework (CRF). The novel contribution of this model is that
results are provided per administrative jurisdiction at multiple
administrative levels, following the region boundaries defined
OpenStreetMap, using a new spatialization approach. All data from this study
are available on Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5482480 (Moran, 2021)
and via an interactive map at https://openghgmap.net (last access: 7 February 2022​​​​​​​).
Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution during rainy seasons in Complicated Mountain Terrain
Authors: Mao Wenqian , Zhang Wenyu , Kou Menggang
Published: February 2022

Abstract. In order to understand the differences of raindrop size distribution (DSD) in complex mountainous terrain, the characteristics of DSD were analyzed by using the six-months observation data at the southern slopes, northern slopes and inside in Qilian Mountains. For all rainfall events, the number concentration of small and large raindrops on the inside and south slope are greater than that on the north slope, but midsize raindrops are less. The DSD spectrum of inside mountains are more variable and significantly differ from the north slopes. The differences in normalized intercept parameters of DSD for stratiform and convective rainfall are 8.3 % and 10.4 %, respectively, and mass-weighted diameters are 10.0 % and 23.4 %, respectively, which the standard deviation of DSD parameters on inside stations are larger. The differences in coefficient and exponent of Z-R relationship are 2.5 % and 10.7 %, respectively, with an increasing value of coefficient from the south slope to the north slope in stratiform rainfall but opposite to convective rainfall. In addition, the DSD characteristics and Z-R relationships are more similar at the ipsilateral stations and have smaller differences between the south slope and inside mountains.
Penambahan buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus)sebagai pewarna alami pada pembuatan nugget ikan bandeng (Chanos-chanos).
Authors: Hasri Hasri , U Dina , Sukma Hasma
Published: February 2022

Buah naga merah memiliki potensi digunakan sebagai pewarna alami pada pengolahan produk makanan termasuk makanan yang berbahan baku ikan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat penerimaan konsumen terhadap nugget ikan bandeng yang ditambahkan buah naga sebagai pewarna alami. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada laboratorium Produksi Jurusan Agribisnis Perikanan Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkajene Kepulauan. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menerapkan tiga formulasi bahan pembuatan nugget ikan bandeng berdasarkan konsentrasi penambahan daging buah naga merah yaitu 10% buah naga merah (F1),  20% buah naga merah (F2), dan 30% buah naga merah (F3).Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap mutu atau sifat sensorik nugget ikan bandeng menggunakan uji organoleptik skala hedonik (tingkat kesukaan). Pengujian organopletik dilaksanakan menggunakan panelis tidak terlatih sebanyak 10 orang. Analisis data tingkat kesukaan konsumen menggunakan uji statistik non parametrik Kruskal Wallis untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan terhadap tingkat kesukaan panelis untuk masing-masing parameter uji organoleptik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan buah naga merah sebagai pewarna alami pada pembuatan nugget ikan bandeng dapat memperbaiki sifat organoleptik yang cenderung lebih disukai oleh konsumen. Penambahan daging buah naga merah pada pembuatan nugget dapat menambah warna merah dari nugget yang cenderung disukai oleh konsumen. Selain itu, penambahan daging buah naga merah pada pembuatan nugget ikan bandeng dapat memperbaiki aroma dan citarasa nugget yang dihasilkan. Pada penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa penambahan buah naga merah tidak berpengaruh terhadap tekstur nugget ikan bandeng yang dihasilkan, dimana tekstur nugget yang dihasilkan rata-rata disukai oleh konsumen. Penggunaan konsentrasi 20% daging buah naga merah pada pembuatan nugget ikan bandeng merupakan formulasi terbaik berdasarkan tingkat penerimaan konsumen
Korelasi Waktu Fermentasi Terhadap Arus Listrik Albedo dan Flavedo Jeruk Pamelo (Citrus maxima)
Authors: Nur Muhammad , Hasriadi Hasriadi , Ita Juwita A. , Mursida Mursida
Published: February 2022

Kulit jeruk pamelo merupakan salah satu limbah yang dapat diolah untuk menghasilkan produk bernilai tinggi, seperti ekstrak yang mengandung minyak atsiri, olahan kulit jeruk menjadi manisan, dan salah satunya yaitu memanfaatkan sifat asam dari kulit jeruk pamelo sebagai penghasil arus listrik atau menghasilkan energi. Perkembangan dibidang industri dan teknologi mengakibatkan kebutuhan akan energi semakin meningkat. Sekitar 32% pengeluaran energi di negara berkembang digunakan untuk transportasi, 25% untuk industri dan lebih dari 40% untuk rumah dan kantor (Walisiewicz, 2003). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Menghasilkan tegangan dan kuat arus maksimum, Menentukan waktu fermentasi terbaik untuk menghasilkan tegangan dan kuat arus maksimum. Menganalisis hubungan pH terhadap lama waktu fermentasi.Menganalisis hubungan antara lama waktu fermentasi terhadap besar tegangan dan kuat arus. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Jarak elektroda optimun yang menghasilkan tegangan dan kuat arus maksimun yaitu 1 cm dengan tegangan sebesar 0,912 V dan kuat arus sebesar 1,45 mA. Jarak elektroda mempengaruhi tegangan dan kuat arus yang dihasilkan, semakin dekat jarak elektroda maka semakin besar tegangan dan kuat arus yang dihasilkan. Waktu fermentasi terbaik untuk menghasilkan tegangan tertinggi selama 48 jam (2 hari) yaitu 1,008 V sedangkan untuk menghasilkan kuat arus tertinggi dengan waktu 24 jam (1 hari) yaitu 2,2 mA. Semakin lama waktu fermentasi maka nilai pH semakin menurun atau semakin bersifat asam, penurunan pH selama 72 jam waktu fermentasi yaitu pH 6,03 menjadi pH 3,36. Waktu fermentasi mampu meningkatkan kelistrikan larutan elektrolit dari tegangan 0,912 V menjadi 1,008 V dan kuat arus 1,45 mA menjadi 2,2 mA.
Repercusión mediática del informe de la RAE sobre el lenguaje inclusivo en la Constitución española
Authors: Guerrero Salazar Susana
Published: February 2022

En julio de 2018 el Gobierno socialista solicita a la Real Academia Española un informe sobre una posible redacción de la Constitución española con lenguaje inclusivo, informe que fue publicado el 16 de enero del año 2020. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la repercusión mediática en la prensa española tanto de la noticia sobre la petición del informe (2018) como del informe en sí mismo (2020) y demostrar cómo la información que focalizan los titulares, la selección léxica, los elementos de valoración y las personas que interactúan en ellos pueden condicionar la opinión pública y contribuir aún más a la polarización del debate existente entre Academia y Feminismo. Para ello hemos analizado un corpus de 216 textos de prensa digital española obtenidos de la base de datos DISMUPREN. El análisis muestra que existen sesgos ideológicos no solo en el periodismo de opinión, sino también en las noticias
Ir a + infinitivo” y su potencial comunicativo.
Authors: Giordano Roberta
Published: February 2022

A partir de los resultados del corpus español-italiano redactado por Sánchez Montero (1993), nuestro estudio versa sobre las perífrasis verbales tempo-aspectuales, para detenerse en las formas italianas correspondientes a los diferentes significados que, de acuerdo con las circunstancias y las necesidades comunicativas, la perífrasis española “ir a + infinitivo” puede adquirir. Se investigan, así, las categorías conceptuales que subyacen bajo dicha construcción, reflexionando acerca de la oportunidad de reforzar una inclinación comparativo-contrastiva entre las lenguas para un control consciente y contextualmente adecuado del código expresivo.

Las perífrasis en general, e “ir a + infinitivo” en particular, son piezas clave del sistema sintáctico, y al mismo tiempo están dotadas de implicaciones pragmáticas cruciales: dichas estructuras resultan instrumentos informativamente potentísimos a disposición del hablante, considerando, además, que pueden contribuir de una manera significativa a incrementar la eficacia y la fluidez de los intercambios, dando a las expresiones rasgos, valores y matices específicos.
Repeticiones y (re)formulaciones dialógicas en el interrogatorio judicial: reparación heteroiniciada, registro y comprensión empática de la perspectiva ajena
Authors: López Samaniego Anna
Published: February 2022

Este artículo analiza las principales funciones que desempeñan la repetición y la (re)formulación dialógica en las intervenciones de los operadores jurídicos en el interrogatorio judicial. Desde el Análisis de la Conversación y teniendo en cuenta la estructura secuencial en la que se enmarcan, se clasifican en dos categorías principales (Persson, 2020): las reparaciones heteroiniciadas (Schegloff et al., 1977) y los registros (Schegloff, 1997). Los resultados muestran que la primera función tiende a realizarse mediante (re)formulaciones del discurso del interrogado y la segunda, a través de repeticiones o reformulaciones leves. Asimismo, se ha abordado la caracterización de una tercera función, minoritaria pero presente en el corpus examinado, en la que estos recursos se emplean para expresar comprensión empática (Rogers, 1975), para establecer una conexión con el testigo que facilita su colaboración con la construcción de la narrativa pretendida por el interrogador. En las tres funciones identificadas, la recuperación del discurso del interlocutor tiende a ponerse al servicio de propósitos estratégicos propios de la argumentación en sede judicial: encuadrar la narrativa del testigo en las categorías jurídicas que fundamentan la versión de los hechos defendida por el interrogador y cuestionar la credibilidad del interrogado para desacreditar su testimonio.
El robo de la casa en la invención del ethos de un pueblo pima del noroeste mexicano
Authors: Oseguera-Montiel Andrés
Published: February 2022

Este artículo está centrado en la caracterización del ethos serrano en el noroeste de México. Se trata de una aproximación que no busca ser definitiva al depender de las situaciones derivadas de la misma experiencia del investigador. La reconstrucción de las interacciones en el trabajo de campo a partir de las emociones desatadas por un robo de la casa, constituye una propuesta metodológica que ha sido definida como empirismo radical. Se trata de un enfoque que asume de entrada que los resultados de las investigaciones antropológicas son producto de la misma experiencia del antropólogo sin que ello implique abandonar la objetividad anunciada como la base de la perspectiva clásica del empirismo y difundida en los manuales técnicos del trabajo de campo en antropología. La propuesta es asumir que las interacciones resultantes de las emociones que se viven durante el trabajo de campo permiten entender las formas en las cuales se construye el conocimiento en torno a los grupos humanos que se estudian.
Одночастичная энтропия в двумерном электронном газе в узкозонных полупроводниках
Authors: Gulyamov G. , Абдулазизов Б.Т. , Тохиржонов М.С.
Published: February 2022

Представляются численные и аналитические результаты изучения эффекта размерногоквантования одночастичной энтропии в двумерном электронном газе в полупроводниковых материалах с непараболичной зоной проводимости. Анализируется зависимость одночастичной энтропии от химического потенциала газа в точках резонанса и вдали от них. Показано, что при низких температурах непараболичность зоны дает малую поправку к одночастичной энтропии. Как в точке резонанса, так и вдали от нее эта поправка пропорциональна произведению коэффициента непараболичности и температуры αT. Численным путем оценивается влияние уширения уровней пространственного квантования на одночастичную энтропию. Полученные результаты представлены для разных значений температуры, степени непараболичности зоны проводимости и величиныуширения.
Влияние нейтронного излучения на электропроводность алюминиевого сплава САВ-1
Authors: Аликулов Ш.А. , Байтелесов С.А. , Кунгуров Ф.Р. , Таджибаев Д.П. , Тожибоев Д.Д.
Published: February 2022

Исследована электропроводность конструкционного сплава САВ-1, облученного быстрыми нейтронами флюенсом 1017–1019 н/см2 в диапазоне температур 290–480 К. Установлена нелинейная зависимость удельного сопротивления от дозы и температуры. Показано, что чем больше доза облучения конструкционного материала САВ-1, чем больше флюенс нейтронов, тем больше образуются в кристаллической решетке пары Френкеля, вакансии и междоузельные атомы, и они уменьшают электропроводность материала.
The quality of audit recommendation: The effect of role conflict, role ambiguity and work stress
Authors: Asnawi Meinarni
Published: February 2022

This research examines the effects of role conflict and role ambiguity on internal auditor's work stress and the quality of audit recommendations. These relationships were tested based on the survey taken from 96 internal auditors who served at several state universities in Indonesia. The hypothesis testing technique used SmartPLS analysis. The results showed that role conflict has a positive effect on the quality of audit recommendations while role ambiguity has a negative effect. Role conflict and role ambiguity have a positive and significant effect on work stress. Other test results show that internal auditor work stress does not show an effect on the quality of audit recommendations. The practical implication of this research is that to reduce ambiguity in carrying out audit tasks and to improve the quality of audit recommendations, it is necessary to consider an adequate work environment, especially the availability and adequacy of information needed by internal auditors in completing monitoring tasks. The role of conflict due to the presence of more than one task can cause work stress, although it does not interfere with the quality of audit recommendations. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the allocation of work time that is not carried out at the same time so that the workload causes work stress.