bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An adaptive projection‐based model reduction method for nonlinear mechanics with internal variables: Application to thermo‐hydro‐mechanical systems
Authors: Iollo Angelo , Sambataro Giulia , Taddei Tommaso
Published: March 2022

We propose a projection‐based monolithic model order reduction procedure for a class of problems in nonlinear mechanics with internal variables. The work is motivated by applications to thermo‐hydro‐mechanical (THM) systems for radioactive waste disposal. THM equations model the behavior of temperature, pore water pressure, and solid displacement in the neighborhood of geological repositories, which contain radioactive waste and are responsible for a significant thermal flux toward the Earth's surface. We develop an adaptive sampling strategy based on the POD‐Greedy method, and we develop an element‐wise empirical quadrature hyper‐reduction procedure to reduce assembling costs. We present numerical results for a two‐dimensional THM system to illustrate and validate the proposed methodology.
Three‐dimensional hybrid‐Trefftz displacement elements for poroelastodynamic problems in saturated media
Authors: Climent Natalia , Moldovan Ionut Dragos , Freitas João António
Published: March 2022

The hybrid‐Trefftz displacement element formulation for poroelastodyamics in three‐dimensional saturated media is presented in this article. The governing equations are integrated in time using a wavelet decomposition which expands the time‐dependent problem into several spectral problems. Displacements are discretized in each finite element and tractions are approximated on each essential element boundary (displacement model). The displacement approximation functions satisfy the governing equations of the media (Trefftz constraint) and are not linked to the nodes. Trefftz bases are derived solving the governing equations and are composed of four types of modes: two compression waves and two shear waves. The weak enforcement of the Navier equation and boundary conditions yields a solving system where the unknown are the weights of the approximation bases. Numerical tests have been carried out to assess the convergence of the models. The results of the simulations are satisfactory: the numerical tests converge to known analytical solutions and the simulation of a propagation of a vertical shock wave is consistent to the one obtained with a 2D plane simulation under the same conditions. The results of a bender element test simulation in three dimensions are also presented.
Recursive grain remapping scheme for phase‐field models of additive manufacturing
Authors: Chadwick Alexander F. , Voorhees Peter W.
Published: March 2022

The phase‐field method is an attractive tool in modeling microstructural evolution due to rapid solidification under additive manufacturing conditions, but typical polycrystalline models are prone to grain coalescence. Grain tracking and remapping schemes can eliminate artificial coalescence and increase the number of grains and crystallographic orientations that may be considered in a simulation, but previous tracking and remapping schemes may not efficiently capture the complex grain morphologies that form during additive manufacturing. A new recursive scheme is derived from a binary tree of axis‐aligned bounding boxes that can efficiently represent columnar and irregularly shaped grains. We demonstrate the power of this approach by simulating microstructures with hundreds to thousands of grains and quantify the reduction in the number of order parameters required to represent the microstructure. The new scheme leads to orders of magnitude fewer computational resources as compared to the naïve paradigm of one grain per order parameter, and also offers a substantial improvement over algorithms derived from bounding spheres.
Education, income, and obesity: A nationwide Chinese twin study
Authors: Zheng Ke , Gao Wenjing , Cao Weihua , Lv Jun , Yu Canqing , Wang Shengfeng , Huang Tao , Sun Dianjianyi , Liao Chunxiao , Pang Yuanjie , Pang Zengchang , Yu Min , Wang Hua , Wu Xianping , Dong Zhong , Wu Fan , Jiang Guohong , Wang Xiaojie , Liu Yu , Deng Jian , Lu Lin , Li Liming
Published: March 2022

Objective

This study aimed to examine the association of socioeconomic status with obesity.

Methods

A total of 39,262 twin individuals were included from the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR). Generalized estimating equation models for unmatched twin individual analyses and conditional logistic regression for the co‐twin matched design were used. Inference about Causation through Examination of FAmiliaL CONfounding (ICE FALCON) was used to explore the evidence of a causal relationship.

Results

In general estimating equation models, high education level and income were associated with lower risk of obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.74 [95% CI: 0.65 to 0.84] and 0.86 [95% CI: 0.77 to 0.96]). In conditional logistic regression analysis, the association with education was significant (OR = 0.50 [95% CI: 0.34 to 0.74]) but the association with income was insignificant (OR = 0.74 [95% CI: 0.48 to 1.15]). From the ICE FALCON analysis, a twin’s obesity was associated with the co‐twin’s education and income. After adjusting for the twin’s own education, the association disappeared ( = −0.10 [95% CI: −0.26 to 0.07]), whereas the twin’s obesity was still associated with the co‐twin’s income but attenuated toward the null ( = −0.21 [95% CI: −0.36 to −0.06]).

Conclusions

Socioeconomic status is negatively associated with obesity. Education may have a causal effect on obesity, whereas the association between income and obesity is confounded by familial factors.
Perceived inclusivity and trust in protected area management decisions among stakeholders in Alaska
Authors: Goodson Devin J. , van Riper Carena J. , Andrade Riley , Cebrián‐Piqueras Miguel A. , Hauber Mark E.
Published: March 2022

The success of conservation initiatives often depends on the inclusion of diverse stakeholder interests in the decision‐making process. Yet, there is a paucity of empirical knowledge concerning the factors that explain why stakeholders do—or do not— believe that they are meaningfully represented by government agencies.

Our study provides insight into the relationship between trust and stakeholder perceptions of inclusivity in public land management decisions. Here, we focus on the U.S. state of Alaska, where almost two‐thirds of the land area are managed by the federal government.

We used structural equation modelling to test whether an individual's trust and the information sources used to learn about land management positively influenced perceived inclusivity. We conceptualized trust in terms of four dimensions that reflected an individual's disposition to trust, trust in the federal government, trust in shared values and trust that agencies adhere to a moral code.

We found that survey respondents across the U.S. state of Alaska had a limited disposition to trust others, did not trust federal land management agencies, did not believe agencies shared their values pertaining to protected area management and did not believe that agencies adhered to a moral code.

Beliefs about the morality of agencies were the primary driver of perceived inclusivity in land management decisions, indicating that agencies should focus on solving problems through deliberation and discussion about moral principles rather than by force.

Information acquired from professional, community‐based or environmental advocacy exchanges also positively influenced perceived levels of involvement among stakeholders in resource management decisions.

These results provide a roadmap for how land management agencies can improve public relations and work towards a model of inclusive conservation around protected areas.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Human impacts on riverbed morphology and hydrology in the lower reaches of the West River, China
Authors: Zhang Ming , Feng Xiaoxiang , Yan Tao , Wang Xin
Published: March 2022

Natural and anthropogenic factors have led to a series of fluvial sedimentation and hydrological changes in the lower West River, China. To evaluate the influence of human activities on the channel's morphology and examine the hydrological responses, we analyzed channel adjustments and changes of low water levels in the main river channel between Wuzhou and Zhaoqing that occurred over the recent decades. Due to a remarkable decrease in the suspended sediment concentration, the suspended sediment outputs during this period were larger than the sediment inputs for 27 consecutive years from 1987 to 2013. Therefore, the riverbed became a sediment source, with a high scouring of riverbed material. Between 2004 and 2014, the channel capacity of the lower reaches increased by 302.02 × 106 m3, and the average riverbed elevation decreased by 2.21 m, approximately 11.8% of which was caused by bed sediment loss induced by natural scour through sediment depletion; the remainder was caused by waterway engineering and sand mining, accounting for 0.8 and 87.4%, respectively. Approximately 91.3% of 1,312 river cross‐sections exhibited downcutting, indicating significant adjustment of the riverbed. This resulted in a substantial decline in the low water level in the 44‐km upstream section above Ducheng, which is located at the end of the tidal limit during dry seasons. However, this change was not noticeable in the section below Ducheng owing to the small water surface gradient and tidal influence. These findings reveal that human activities are a major driving force in the evolution of large rivers and the complexity of the hydrological responses to riverbed downcutting in a tidal reach, providing useful information for future river sand mining management and navigable engineering design of the lower West River and other rivers.
Group sequential design for randomized trials using “first hitting time” model
Authors: Chen Yiming , Lawrence John , Lee Mei‐Ling Ting
Published: March 2022

Group sequential design (GSD) has become a popular choice in recent clinical trials as it improves trial efficiency by providing options for early termination. The implementation of traditional tests for survival analysis (eg, the log‐rank test and the Cox proportional hazard (PH) model) in the GSD setting has been widely discussed. The PH assumption is required for conventional (sequential) design, it is, however, often violated in practice. As an alternative, some generalized tests have been proposed (eg, the Max‐Combo test) and their efficacies have been established. In this article, we explore the application of a more flexible, “first hitting time” based threshold regression (TR) model to GSD. TR assumes that subjects' health status is a latent (unobservable) process, and the clinical event of interest occurs when the latent health process hits a pre‐specified boundary. The simulation results supported our findings that, in most cases, this comparable new method can successfully control type I error while providing higher early stopping opportunities in the sequential design, even when non‐proportional hazard presents.
Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study, the Reaction Mechanism and Topological Properties of the Microscopic Interaction of PuO2 and H2O
Authors: Shan Na , Wang QingQing , Xiao HuaGang , Wan Lei , Gao Tao
Published: March 2022

Density functional theory (DFT) and transition state theory(TST) were used to study the interaction between PuO2 and H2O. Firstly, we considered all possible spin states. The wave function was tested and optimized to get a stable configuration, and a minimal energy path(MEP) was derived so that the internuclear separations and interaction energy can be reasonably evaluated. Moreover, various topological analysis methods were used to investigate the changes in bonds during the interaction process. The localized orbital bonding analysis (LOBA) method was used to study the changes in the valence state of the product. The density of states diagram was drawn to analyze the contribution of 5 f orbital in the reaction process. And with the help of natural bond orbit (NBO) analysis, the bond orbit information was described. Finally, the reaction rate constant was calculated using the variational transition state theory (VTST). The current research provides necessary theoretical data support for the follow‐up related theoretical experimental research.
Boron‐Based Multi‐Resonance TADF Emitter with Suppressed Intermolecular Interaction and Isomer Formation for Efficient Pure Blue OLEDs
Authors: Cheon Hyung Jin , Shin Youn‐Seob , Park Noh‐Hwal , Lee Jeong‐Hwan , Kim Yun‐Hi
Published: March 2022

Multi‐resonance (MR) thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters are highly attractive due to their superior color purity as well as efficient light‐harvesting ability from singlets and triplets. However, boron and nitrogen‐based MR‐TADF emitters suffer from their strong π–π interaction owing to their rigid flat cores. Herein, a boron‐based multi‐resonance blue TADF emitter with suppressed intermolecular interaction and isomer formation is developed through a simple synthetic process by introducing meta‐xylene and meta‐phenyphenyl groups to the core. The MR‐TADF emitter, mBP‐DABNA‐Me, shows a narrowband blue emission with a peak at 467 nm, along with full width at half maximum of 28 nm, and photoluminescence quantum yield of 97%. Notably, highly efficient pure blue organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) is realized using mBP‐DABNA‐Me, showing a maximum external quantum efficiency of 24.3% and a stable blue emission with a Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinate of (0.124, 0.140). The color purity of the OLED is maintained at a high doping concentration of over 20%, attributed to the suppressed intermolecular interaction between the MR emitters.
Zu Datengrundlage und Datenqualität: Methodische Reflexion zur quantitativen Erhebung während der Corona-Krise
Authors: Prandner Dimitri
Published: March 2022

Ziel von sozialwissenschaftlichen Umfragen ist es inhaltlich relevante und für die jeweilige Population aussagekräftige Daten zu generieren. Die Corona-Krise hat die Umfrageforschung in mehrfacher Hinsicht vor Herausforderungen gestellt: 1) Es war aufgrund der Rahmenbedingungen während der Pandemie nicht möglich etablierte Erhebungsformen, wie das Face-to-Face-Interview, zu nutzen. 2) Aufgrund der spezifischen Dynamik der Krise war es ebenso unmöglich, längerfristig Erhebungsmethode, Datenerhebungsinstrumente und die Umsetzung der Studien zu planen. Das folgende Kapitel präsentiert mit demAustrian Corona Panel Projectund der österreichischenValues in CrisisUmfrage die zwei zentralen Erhebungen, auf denen der SammelbandÖsterreich in der Corona-Krise. Ergebnisse aus sozialwissenschaftlichen Umfragenaufbaut. Neben einer Vorstellung der Erhebungsdesigns werden überblicksartig Informationen zur Datenqualität der Erhebungen präsentiert.
Arbeit und Familie im Covid-19-Alltag
Authors: Beham-Rabanser Martina , Scaria-Braunstein Karin , Haring-Mosbacher Sabine A. , Forstner Matthias , Bacher Johann
Published: March 2022

Die zur Bekämpfung der Covid-19-Pandemie von den Regierungen gesetzten Einschränkungen und Maßnahmen im ersten Lockdown im Frühjahr 2020 beeinflussten unser berufliches und privates Alltagsleben in einem bis dato unbekannten Ausmaß. Wie sich dabei der Stellenwert von Familie und Kindern bzw. Arbeit und Beruf veränderte und welche Rolle dabei die konkrete individuelle Lebenssituation und damit einhergehende Stressoren spielen, analysiert der vorliegende Beitrag. Neben den Daten der Values in Crisis Umfrage (VIC) (Aschauer et al., 2020) und dem Sozialen Survey Österreich 2016 (SSÖ) (Prandner, 2019) wird in den Analysen auf eine qualitative Primärstudie zurückgegriffen (Haring-Mosbacher und Scaria-Braunstein, 2021), um neben Wertorientierungen auch Muster der Alltagsbewältigung herauszuarbeiten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen: Während bei Frauen in der ersten Phase der Corona-Krise die Wichtigkeit von Familie und Kindern gegenüber 2016 gleichgeblieben ist und jene von Arbeit und Beruf leicht zurückging, hat bei Männern der Stellenwert von Arbeit und Beruf deutlich abgenommen. Zugleich belegen die qualitativen Analysen, bei denen besonderes Augenmerk auf die spezifische Situation von Frauen in der „Rushhour des Lebens“ (zwischen Ende 20 und Mitte 40) gerichtet wird, dass ihre Alltagswelt eine sehr heterogene war: Die starke Entgrenzung des Arbeitsalltags, die Hauptverantwortung für Betreuungs- und Haushaltsarbeiten, inklusive Homeschooling, sowie eine starke Gefühlsambivalenz waren für die Zeit des ersten Lockdowns im Frühjahr 2020 charakteristisch.
Die Frage der Einkommensgerechtigkeit in Zeiten der Corona-Krise
Authors: Eder Anja , Höllinger Franz
Published: March 2022

Die Corona-Krise hat deutlich gemacht, welche Berufe für die Aufrechterhaltung der Grundfunktionen in der österreichischen Gesellschaft von besonderer Bedeutung sind. Die sogenannten Systemerhaltenden im Sozial-, Gesundheits- und Pflegebereich sowie im Handel ernteten im ersten Lockdown viel Anerkennung vonseiten der Politik; im Zuge dessen wurden auch Stimmen laut, die für eine entsprechende finanzielle Honorierung des Einsatzes dieser Berufsgruppen eintraten. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht anhand des Vergleichs von Umfragedaten aus dem Jahr 2009 und Daten, die während der Corona-Krise erhoben wurden, der Frage nach, welche Einkommenshöhen die österreichische Bevölkerung für verschiedene Berufsgruppen als gerecht empfindet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die Befragten zu beiden Erhebungszeitpunkten für eine massive Reduktion der Einkommen von Eliteberufen (Manager*innen und Politiker*innen) aussprechen, während die Einkommen von statusniedrigen Berufen im Einzelhandel und in der Industrie, ihrer Ansicht nach, erhöht werden sollten. Während der Corona-Krise tritt diese Tendenz verstärkt zu Tage. Der Berufsgruppe der Allgemeinmediziner*innen wird hingegen zu beiden Zeitpunkten, insbesondere während der Corona-Krise, ein relativ hohes Einkommen zugestanden. Gleichzeitig ist in der Krise auch die Befürwortung eines bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens etwas höher, wobei die Bevölkerung in dieser Frage nach wie vor gespalten ist und sich zunehmend polarisierte.
Direct computation of monodromy matrices and classification of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 heterotic-IIA dual vacua
Authors: Enoki Yuichi , Watari Taizan
Published: March 2022

Abstract

We compute the monodromy matrices on the special geometry of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 Heterotic-IIA dual vacua in some simple cases by numerical evaluation of the period integrals, without assuming a geometric background. The integrality of the monodromy matrices constrains some classification invariants of the string vacua. We also mention some mathematical open problems on period polynomials for modular forms with poles.
Into the EFThedron and UV constraints from IR consistency
Authors: Chiang Li-Yuan , Huang Yu-tin , Li Wei , Rodina Laurentiu , Weng He-Chen
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Recently it was proposed that the theory space of effective field theories with consistent UV completions can be described as a positive geometry, termed the EFThedron. In this paper we demonstrate that at the core, the geometry is given by the convex hull of the product of two moment curves. This makes contact with the well studied bi-variate moment problem, which in various instances has known solutions, generalizing the Hankel matrices of couplings into moment matrices. We extend these solutions to hold for more general bi-variate problem, and are thus able to obtain analytic expressions for bounds, which closely match (and in some cases exactly match) numerical results from semi-definite programing methods. Furthermore, we demonstrate that crossing symmetry in the IR imposes non-trivial constraints on the UV spectrum. In particular, permutation invariance for identical scalar scattering requires that any UV completion beyond the scalar sector must contain arbitrarily high spins, including at least all even spins ℓ ≤ 28, with the ratio of spinning spectral functions bounded from above, exhibiting large spin suppression. The spinning spectrum must also include at least one state satisfying a bound $$ {m}_J^2<{M}_h^2\frac{\left({J}^2-12\right)\left({J}^4-32{J}^2+204\right)}{8\left(150-43{J}^2+2{J}^4\right)} $$

m
J
2

<

M
h
2

J
2

−
12

J
4

−
32

J
2

+
204

8

150
−
43

J
2

+
2

J
4

, where J2 = ℓ(ℓ+1), and Mh is the mass of the heaviest spin 2 state in the spectrum.
Synthesis of the evidence on the impact of pre-operative direct oral anticoagulants on patient health outcomes after hip fracture surgery: rapid systematic review
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca J. , Jakobs Sophie , Halim Nicole , Seymour Hannah , Tarrant Seth
Published: March 2022

Purpose

To synthesise the evidence on the impact of pre-operative direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) on health outcomes for patients who sustain a hip fracture.

Method

A rapid systematic review of three databases (MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus) for English-language articles from January 2000 to August 2021 was conducted. Abstracts and full text were screened by two reviewers and articles were critically appraised. Data synthesis was undertaken to summarise health outcomes examined for DOAC users versus a no anticoagulant group. Key information was extracted for study type, country and time frame, population and sample size, type of DOACs, comparator population(s), key definitions, health outcome(s), and summary study findings.

Results

There were 21 articles identified. Of the 18 studies that examined time to surgery, 12 (57.1%) found DOAC users had a longer time to surgery than individuals not using anticoagulants. Five (83.3%) of six studies identified that DOAC users had a lower proportion of surgery conducted within 48 h Four (40.0%) of ten studies reporting hospital length of stay (LOS) identified a higher LOS for DOAC users. Where reported, DOAC users did not have increased mortality, blood loss, transfusion rates, complication rates of stroke, re-operation or readmissions compared to individuals not using anticoagulants.

Conclusions

The effect of DOAC use on hip fracture patient health was mixed, although patients on DOACs had a longer time to surgery. The review highlights the need for consistent measurement of health outcomes in patients with a hip fracture to determine the most appropriate management of patients with a hip fracture taking DOACs.
Survivorship-Care-Programme für Krebspatienten: die Bedeutung von Risikostratifizierung, Selbstmanagement- und Gesundheitskompetenzen im Zeitalter digitaler Versorgung
Authors: Mehnert-Theuerkauf Anja , Esser Peter
Published: March 2022

In Deutschland wie allen anderen Industrieländern weltweit nimmt mit einer älter werdenden Bevölkerung und einer verbesserten Krebsfrüherkennung, Diagnostik und onkologischen Behandlung die Zahl der Patienten, die geheilt werden oder lange Zeit mit der Erkrankung leben, deutlich zu (Cancer Survivors). Ein Leben mit und nach einer Krebserkrankung bedeutet für viele Patienten ein Leben mit körperlichen und psychosozialen krankheits- und behandlungsbedingten Langzeit- und Spätfolgen. Angesichts des demografischen Wandels, der steigenden Krebsprävalenz sowie des medizinischen Fortschritts ist eine der dringenden Fragen, wie eine qualitativ hochwertige individualisierte und gleichzeitig finanzierbare Krebsversorgung für älter werdende, häufig multimorbide Patienten sichergestellt werden kann.

Diese Entwicklungen erfordern neben einer Stärkung der Krebsprävention die Erforschung und Umsetzung einer individualisierten Nachsorge im Rahmen von Survivorship-Care-Programmen (SCP). Übergreifende Zielsetzung von SCP ist es, den körperlichen wie psychosozialen Langzeit- und Spätfolgen vorzubeugen bzw. diese zu minimieren, die Mortalität zu senken sowie die Lebensqualität von Patienten zu verbessern. Die Evidenz zur Wirksamkeit von SCP hinsichtlich der Verbesserung patientenberichteter Endpunkte ist bislang nicht eindeutig. Die Bereitstellung von maßgeschneiderten Informationen sowie von risikomodifizierenden und bedarfsorientierten Angeboten auf der Basis einer Risikostratifizierung wird als zentraler Bestandteil bei der Implementierung von SCP angesehen. Dabei nimmt die Förderung von Selbstmanagement- und Gesundheitskompetenzen der Patienten, insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der Zunahme von digitalen Gesundheitsanwendungen, einen hohen Stellenwert ein.
Branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN): Are cyst volumetry and other novel imaging features able to improve malignancy prediction compared to well-established resection criteria?
Authors: Pozzi Mucelli Raffaella M. , Moro Carlos Fernández , Del Chiaro Marco , Valente Roberto , Blomqvist Lennart , Papanikolaou Nikolaos , Löhr Johannes-Matthias , Kartalis Nikolaos
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Current guidelines base the management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) on several well-established resection criteria (RC), including cyst size. However, malignancy may occur in small cysts. Since branch-duct (BD) IPMN are not perfect spheres, volumetric and morphologic analysis might better correlate with mucin production and grade of dysplasia. Nonetheless, their role in malignancy (high-grade dysplasia/invasive cancer) prediction has been poorly investigated. Previous studies evaluating RC also included patients with solid-mass-forming pancreatic cancer (PC), which may affect the RC yield. This study aimed to assess the role of volume, morphology, and other well-established RC in malignancy prediction in patients with BD- and mixed-type IPMN after excluding solid masses.

Methods

Retrospective ethical review-board-approved study of 106 patients (2008–2019) with histopathological diagnosis of BD- and mixed-type IPMN (without solid masses) and preoperative MRI available. Standard imaging and clinical features were collected, and the novel imaging features cyst-volume and elongation value [EV = 1 − (width/length)] calculated on T2-weighted images. Logistic regression analysis was performed. Statistical significance set at two-tails, p < 0.05.

Results

Neither volume (odds ratio (OR) = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.99–1.02, p = 0.12) nor EV (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.02–5.93, p = 0.49) was associated with malignancy. Contrast-enhancing mural nodules (MN), main pancreatic duct (MPD) ≥ 5 mm, and elevated carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 serum levels (> 37 μmol/L) were associated with malignancy (MN OR: 4.32, 95% CI: 1.18–15.76, p = 0.02; MPD ≥ 5 mm OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.34–13.1, p = 0.01; CA19-9 OR: 6.72; 95% CI: 1.89 – 23.89, p = 0.003).

Conclusions

Volume and elongation value cannot predict malignancy in BD- and/or mixed-type IPMN. Mural nodules, MPD ≥ 5 mm and elevated CA19-9 serum levels are associated with higher malignancy risk even after the exclusion of solid masses.

Key Points

• Novel and well-established resection criteria for IPMN have been evaluated after excluding solid masses.

• BD-IPMN volume and elongation value cannot predict malignancy.

• Main pancreatic duct ≥ 5 mm, mural nodules, and elevated carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels are associated with malignancy.
Novel first and second order numerical differentiation techniques and their application to nonlinear analysis of Kirchhoff–Love shells
Authors: Leonetti Leonardo , Mukhametzhanov Marat S.
Published: March 2022

Numerical simulation based on FEM/IGA methods is the standard approach for the approximated solution of applied physical problems. In this context, the differentiation of the numerical counterpart of mechanical fields is required. Moreover, the differentiated function can have a complicated shape, depend on many variables and change within the process. Many state-of-the-art numerical differentiation methods are not suitable for this kind of applications and the common way is to exploit analytical differentiation. Thus, an on-the-fly differentiation method is desirable particularly when the process is complicated and when new mechanical models are under development. In this paper, a new method is proposed for a precise computation of the gradient and Hessian. This method has been applied to nonlinear analysis of Kirchhoff–Love shells, which can be considered as an appropriate test bench to prove the reliability in relevant physical context. Numerical experiments show the advantages of the proposed techniques with respect to standard approaches.
Influence of weather conditions and projected climate change scenarios on the suitability of Vitis vinifera cv. Carignan in Rioja DOCa, Spain
Authors: Ramos M.C. , Martínez de Toda F.
Published: March 2022

Grape development and its quality are highly dependent on soil and weather conditions. Under the progressive warming, which can affect the suitability of typical varieties grown in a given area, the knowledge of the vine response to changes in climate is essential to stablish strategies to maintain the viticulture sector. This research presents an analysis of phenology and grape composition of the Carignan cultivar, during a 13-year period, at two locations in Rioja DOCa. Based on the results obtained and the projected changes in climate under climate change scenarios (RC4.5 and RCP8.5), the response of this cultivar was evaluated. Differences in the phenological dates of up to 18, 29 and 40 days, for flowering, veraison and harvest, respectively, were observed between the warmest and the coolest years. An advance of up to 5, 8 and 11 days, respectively, for the mentioned stages, is projected under the RCP4.5 scenario by 2050, which could be near 1.5*times higher under the RCP8.5 scenario. These advances will be mainly driven by the temperatures recorded in the previous period. Grape acidity was mainly driven by water availability, in particular during ripening, which imply a slight projected reduction due to precipitation changes but not significant effect due to increasing temperatures. The phenolic composition could be positively affected by increasing temperatures and increasing water deficits, since this variety does not always reach a complete maturity at present. Thus, under the projected warming scenarios, the suitability of Carignan in Rioja DOCa was confirmed.
Domain object hierarchies inducing multi-level models
Authors: Neumayr Bernd , Schrefl Michael
Published: March 2022

Conceptual modeling of domain object hierarchies, such as product hierarchies or organization hierarchies, is difficult due to the intricate nature of nonphysical domain objects organized in such hierarchies. Modeling domain object hierarchies as part-whole hierarchies covers their hierarchical structure, yet to capture their meaning, part-whole hierarchies have to be combined with specialization and multi-level instantiation. To this end we introduce the deep domain object (DDO) multi-level modeling pattern and approach. With the DDO approach, subclasses and metaclasses are induced by and integrated with the part-whole hierarchy. The approach is aligned with the multi-level theory (MLT) and formalized by a metamodel and a set of deductive rules implemented in F-Logic. The proof-of-concept prototype is used for automated application of the pattern and for querying induced multi-level models.
What is new in microcirculation and tissue oxygenation monitoring?
Authors: de Keijzer Ilonka N. , Massari Dario , Sahinovic Marko , Flick Moritz , Vos Jaap Jan , Scheeren Thomas W. L.
Published: March 2022

Ensuring and maintaining adequate tissue oxygenation at the microcirculatory level might be considered the holy grail of optimal hemodynamic patient management. However, in clinical practice we usually focus on macro-hemodynamic variables such as blood pressure, heart rate, and sometimes cardiac output. Other macro-hemodynamic variables like pulse pressure or stroke volume variation are additionally used as markers of fluid responsiveness. In recent years, an increasing number of technological devices assessing tissue oxygenation or microcirculatory blood flow have been developed and validated, and some of them have already been incorporated into clinical practice. In this review, we will summarize recent research findings on this topic as published in the last 2 years in the Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing (JCMC). While some techniques are already currently used as routine monitoring (e.g. cerebral oxygenation using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)), others still have to find their way into clinical practice. Therefore, further research is needed, particularly regarding outcome measures and cost-effectiveness, since introducing new technology is always expensive and should be balanced by downstream savings. The JCMC is glad to provide a platform for such research.
Peer Microaggressions and Social Skills among School-Age Children of Sexual Minority Parents through Assisted Reproduction: Moderation via the Child–Teacher Relationship
Authors: Carone Nicola , Innocenzi Eleonora , Lingiardi Vittorio
Published: March 2022

The impact of peer microaggressions and the child–teacher relationship on the social skills of children with sexual minority parents has received little attention. The current study used a mixed-method, multi-informant, two-wave longitudinal design to address this research gap. Thirty-seven children of lesbian mothers through donor insemination and 33 children of gay fathers though surrogacy (wave 1: Mage = 8.3 years, SD = 1.6; 51.4% female; wave 2: Mage = 9.9 years, SD = 1.7), all school-aged and residing in Italy, participated together with their 140 parents and 55 teachers. Approximately two-thirds of the children reported at least one peer microaggression and, on average, microaggressions were of a low intensity. Child–teacher relationships were of high quality (i.e., characterized by high safe haven–seeking and secure base use, and low conflict). Both parents and teachers reported high levels of child social skills. However, more intense W1 microaggressions predicted lower W2 social skills among children reporting a lower W1 child–teacher relationship quality, and greater W2 social skills among those reporting a higher W1 child–teacher relationship quality. These results support the child–teacher relationship as a potentially secure context in which children can “mentalize” negative experiences such as microaggressions and improve their social skills. In this vein, considering microaggression, attachment, and developmental intergroup theories, teachers must attune to the school experiences of children with sexual minority parents and cultivate caring classroom environments that are sensitive to family diversity.
Electron beam irradiation treatment of textiles materials: a review
Authors: Abou Elmaaty Tarek , Okubayashi Satoko , Elsisi Hanan , Abouelenin Shahinaz
Published: March 2022

Electron beam irradiation technology has gained more attention as it appears to be a promising economically and environmentally sustainable alternative to traditional wet-chemical processing. It is an advanced approach that is clean, solvent-free, time-saving, and ecologically benign with acceptable handling and operation properties. This review provides a study of the latest literature on the technology of electron beam irradiation surface modification of textile. Considerable emphasis is also placed on the most novel applications of electron beam irradiation such as the functionalization of textile materials, which leads to the development of alternative sustainable techniques or revolutionary advanced materials soon.

Graphical abstract
Benefits of silicon-enhanced root nodulation in a model legume are contingent upon rhizobial efficacy
Authors: Putra Rocky , Waterman Jamie M. , Mathesius Ulrike , Wojtalewicz Dominika , Powell Jeff R. , Hartley Susan E. , Johnson Scott N.
Published: March 2022

Aims

Silicon (Si) uptake and accumulation improves plant resilience to environmental stresses, but most studies examining this functional role of Si have focussed on grasses (Poaceae) and neglected other important plant groups, such as legumes (Fabaceae). Legumes have evolved a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia) housed in root nodules. Our study determined the impacts of silicon (Si) supplementation on Medicago truncatula inoculated with Ensifer meliloti rhizobial strains that differed in their capacity for nitrogen fixation: Sm1021 (‘low-efficiency’) or Sm1022 (‘high-efficiency’).

Methods

We examined how Si and rhizobial efficacy influence nodule and plant functional traits, including their chemical aspects. These combinations were supplied with or without Si in a glasshouse experiment, where we quantified nodule flavonoids and foliar chemistry (free amino acids, soluble protein, elemental C, N and Si).

Results

Si supply increased nodule number per plant, specific nodule flavonoid concentrations, contents of foliar nitrogenous compounds and foliar C, but not foliar Si. We also demonstrated that rhizobial efficacy altered the magnitude of Si effects on certain traits. For example, Si significantly promoted concentrations of foliar N and soluble protein in the plants associated with the ‘low-efficiency’ strain only, and this was not the case with the ‘high-efficiency’ one.

Conclusions

Collectively, our study indicates that Si generates positive effects on M. truncatula, particularly when the association with rhizobia is relatively inefficient, and may play a more prominent role in rhizobial functionality than previously thought.
Severe and Fatal Cycling Crash Injury in Britain: Time to Make Urban Cycling Safer
Authors: Mason-Jones Amanda J. , Turrell Stephen , Gomez Gerardo Zavala , Tait Caroline , Lovelace Robin
Published: March 2022

Pedal cycling is advocated for increasing physical activity and promoting health and wellbeing. However, whilst some countries have achieved zero cyclist deaths on their roads, this is not the case for Great Britain (GB). A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted of STATS19 cyclist crash data, a dataset of all police-reported traffic crashes in GB. Information about crash location, casualty, driver and vehicles involved were included as predictors of casualty severity (fatal or severe vs. slight). Sixteen thousand one hundred seventy pedal cycle crashes were reported during 2018. Severe or fatal cyclist crash injury was associated with increasing age of the cyclist (35–39 years, OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.73; 55–59 years, OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.2; 70 years and over, OR 2.87, 95% CI 2.12 to 3.87), higher road speed limits (50 MPH OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.43 to 3.07; 70 MPH OR 4.12, 95% CI 2.12 to 8.03), the involvement of goods vehicles (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.30 to 3.33) and the months of May and June (OR 1.34 to 1.36, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.73). Urban planning that includes physical separation of pedal cyclists from other road users, raising awareness around the risks from goods vehicles and reducing road speed should be the urgent focus of interventions to increase the benefits and safety of cycling.
Tailoring work participation support for cancer survivors using the stages of change: perspectives of (health care) professionals and survivors
Authors: Zegers Amber D. , Coenen Pieter , Bültmann Ute , van Hummel Ragna , van der Beek Allard J. , Duijts Saskia F. A.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Interventions to support work participation in cancer survivors (CSs) have shown limited effectiveness. Applying a behavioral change framework (e.g., stages of change) could make work participation interventions for CSs more timely and tailored. We aimed to explore the application of the stages of change framework to work participation support for CSs and to generate stage-specific intervention content.

Methods

Eighteen experts (e.g., occupational physicians, reintegration consultants) were individually interviewed, and three focus groups with CSs (n = 6, n = 5, n = 4) were conducted. Data were analyzed along the six work-related behavioral change stages purported by the readiness for return to work framework, which is based on the stages of change.

Results

The following themes were identified: (1) pre-contemplation: emotional support and staying connected—encourage contact with the employer/colleagues; (2) contemplation: considering return to work is stressful—facilitate the deliberation process; (3) preparation self-evaluative: assess current capabilities—seek guidance from, e.g., occupational physicians; (4) preparation behavioral: planning return to work—allow for personalized solutions and encourage supervised return to work; (5) uncertain maintenance: guard against overload—train self-efficacy strategies and communication tactics; and (6) proactive maintenance: accept and prepare for the long term.

Conclusions

Our results support the potential utility of tailoring CSs’ work participation support along the stages of change.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

We provided recommendations for intervention content and developed a stage-specific work participation intervention for CSs, the effectiveness of which will be evaluated in an upcoming randomized controlled trial.
The Role of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in 2022
Authors: Sirtori Cesare R. , Corsini Alberto , Ruscica Massimiliano
Published: March 2022

Purpose of the Review

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are responsible for the transport in plasma of a large fraction of circulating lipids, in part from tissue mobilization. The evaluation of HDL-associated cholesterol (HDL-C) has provided a standard method for assessing cardiovascular (CV) risk, as supported by many contributions on the mechanism of this arterial benefit. The present review article will attempt to investigate novel findings on the role and mechanism of HDL in CV risk determination.

Recent Findings

The most recent research has been aimed to the understanding of how a raised functional capacity of HDL, rather than elevated levels per se, may be responsible for the postulated CV protection. Markedly elevated HDL-C levels appear instead to be associated to a raised coronary risk, indicative of a U-shaped relationship.

While HDL-C reduction is definitely related to a raised CV risk, HDL-C elevations may be linked to non-vascular diseases, such as age-related macular disease. The description of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-infectious properties has indicated potential newer areas for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In the last two decades inconclusive data have arisen from clinical trials attempting to increase HDL-C pharmacologically or by way of recombinant protein infusions (most frequently with the mutant A-I Milano); prevention of stent occlusion or heart failure treatment have shown instead significant promise. Targeted clinical studies are still ongoing.
Incidence and immunophenotype of abnormal lymphoblast populations at diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukaemia in chronic phase
Authors: Barge Luani , Cleary Rebecca , Morris Kirk , Simleit Erin
Published: March 2022

Chronic myeloid leukaemia most commonly presents in chronic phase (CML-CP) and it is characterised by granulocytic proliferation. Many patients have an excellent response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy; however, a small proportion will develop lymphoid or myeloid blast crisis, with inferior clinical outcomes. Detection of lymphoblasts at diagnosis of CML-CP has been reported in small case series with conflicting results on the risk of subsequent blast crisis. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence and immunophenotype of abnormal lymphoblast populations in CML-CP. Retrospective review of bone marrow flow cytometry results of consecutive patients with newly diagnosed CML-CP between June 2012 and February 2021 was performed. Lymphoblasts, myeloblasts, haematogones, and mature lymphocytes were evaluated. Fifty-nine patients had bone marrow flow cytometry results available for review. Abnormal lymphoblast populations were detected in four patients (7%) comprising 0.05–0.19% of bone marrow events. The immunophenotype was similar but distinct from haematogones. The most common distinguishing features of the abnormal lymphoblast populations were abnormally bright expression of CD19 or CD10, weak CD38 or aberrant CD20 expression on CD34 + cells. The clinical case of one of the patients with abnormal lymphoblasts detected at diagnosis who went on to subsequent blast crisis is discussed. Abnormal lymphoblasts can be identified in CML-CP and may be under-recognised. Their detection requires careful analysis in order to distinguish them from normal precursors. The clinical significance of such populations requires further study.
Obtaining EPA-rich polar lipids from microalga Nannochloropsis sp. by silica-gel chromatography using non-toxic solvents
Authors: Sánchez María D. Macías , Callejón María J. Jiménez , Medina Alfonso Robles , Moreno Pedro A. González , López Elvira Navarro , Cerdán Luis Esteban , Grima Emilio Molina
Published: March 2022

Current research indicates that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) bind to polar lipids (phospholipids and glycolipids) seem to exert a greater bioavailability compared to their neutral forms. The aim of this work was to obtain eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) rich polar lipids from the saponifiable lipids (SLs) extracted from the microalga Nannochloropsis sp. (33.4 ± 0.1% of EPA; 60 ± 0.6% polar lipids) by fractionation using silica-gel columns and importantly, non-polar and polar (ethanol) non-toxic solvents. Nowadays, few studies have been conducted towards the extraction and purification of polar lipids. Firstly, the solvent type for obtaining the neutral saponifiable lipid (NSL) fraction (ethyl acetate, EA, butyl acetate, BA) and the SL/silica-gel, SL/BA, and SL/ethanol ratios were optimized in a small silica-gel cartridge (0.69 g silica gel). The optimized conditions were an SL/silica-gel ratio of 22.6 mg/g, an SL/BA ratio of 1.56 mg/mL and an SL/ethanol ratio of 0.312 mg/mL. Next, the fractionation scale was increased to a column containing 10 g of silica-gel. At this scale, a BA SL fraction was obtained with 96.2 ± 0.5% of NSLs, and an ethanol SL fraction containing 97.7 ± 0.3% of polar lipids and 44.9 ± 0.2% of EPA. In the ethanol fraction, 86.6 ± 0.2% of the polar lipids and 71.5 ± 0.4% of the EPA from the SL microalgal extract were recovered. Consequently, EPA-rich polar lipids were obtained at high yields and purities, which could be used as a source of n-3 PUFAs with greater bioavailability than those based on neutral lipids.
A Comparison of the Sealing, Forming and Moisture Vapour Transmission Properties of Polylactic Acid (PLA), Polyethene (PE) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Coated Boards for Packaging Applications
Authors: McCurdy Conor , Dixion Dorian , Archer Edward , Dooher Thomas , Edwards Ian
Published: March 2022

Due to the waste problems associated with plastic packaging and the desire to reduce fossil fuel-based packaging, many retailers and brand owners have set ambitious targets to reduce the use of non-renewable polymers. One aspect of this trend has been an increase in the use of bio-coated boards as an alternative to boards coated with traditional petroleum-based polymers such as PE and PET. This paper identifies the polymers used in a number of commercial boards coated with conventional or biopolymers and compares their performance in terms of the moisture vapour barrier, sealing behaviour, and their ability to be folded without cracking. It was found that PLA was the biopolymer used to coat the two bioboards studied, and while it compares favourably to PE and PET coated boards in terms of heat sealing capabilities, it has potential conversion issues due to it’s brittleness and has inferior moisture barrier properties compared to traditional petroleum-based coated boards.