bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sexual health knowledge and practices and STI/HIV prevalence among long-distance truck drivers in Peru
Authors: García Patricía J , Fazio Boris , Bayer Angela M , Lizarraga Aldo G , Chiappe Marina , La Rosa Sayda , Lazo Marcela , López Lorena , Valderrama María , Cárcamo César P
Published: December 2017

Objectives:

HIV and other sexually transmitted infections remain a challenge globally and many key groups have yet to be studied. Evidence shows that truck drivers may have high-risk behaviors and higher sexually transmitted infection/HIV prevalence because they are a highly mobile population. However, there is little to no information on this group in Peru. Therefore, we explored the sexual health knowledge and practices and carried out sexually transmitted infection/HIV testing among male truck drivers and their assistants in Peru.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing cell phone-based behavioral surveys and sexually transmitted infection testing, including HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia, with truck drivers and their assistants who were traveling on two major international highways in Peru.

Results:

A total of 1150 truck drivers and assistants participated. Participants were middle-aged men (average age = 39.8 years), 96.0% had complete secondary education, 78.4% were in stable relationships, and 88.7% earned more than minimum wage. The majority were aware of sexually transmitted infections/HIV, but very few recognized sexually transmitted infection symptoms. Few participants (under 5%) reported recent sexually transmitted infection symptoms. Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections was also low: no one had gonorrhea; 0.1% had HIV; 0.4% had recent syphilis infection (rapid plasma reagin ≥1:8); and 2.0% had chlamydia. The prevalence of these diseases is not different from that of the general population in Peru.

Conclusion:

When compared to other truck drivers worldwide, Peruvian truck drivers appear to have a lower risk of HIV/sexually transmitted infections. This may be since Peruvian drivers are older, more educated, have higher income, and spend fewer days away from home than their peers globally.
The eyes have it: An unusual case of Escherichia coli ophthalmia neonatorum or a shifting landscape?
Authors: Maalouli Walid Mounir , Pitt Michael Barclay
Published: December 2017

Despite dramatic declines in the incidence of ophthalmia neonatorum with universal prophylaxis, it remains a clinically important cause of eye disease in newborns. While clear guidelines exist for the treatment of the historically primary agents of ophthalmia neonatorum ( Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae), it is less clear how to manage newborns with conjunctivitis secondary to other bacterial organisms, particularly those also frequently implicated in neonatal sepsis. We present the case of a 3-day-old well-appearing term infant with unilateral purulent conjunctivitis. The eye culture grew Escherichia coli, an unusual cause of ophthalmia neonatorum. After a limited sepsis evaluation proved negative, the infant was switched to moxifloxacin ophthalmic drops and made a full recovery. This case highlights the challenge of managing a rare presentation with minimal guideline support, as well as the need to consider other bacterial causes of neonatal conjunctivitis which are emerging in the era of routine prophylaxis in the United States.
Music and the politics of space: Acoustic territories in New Orleans
Authors: Stiegler Zack
Published: December 2017

Municipalities typically seek to control the production and distribution of sound through noise and zoning ordinances. By virtue of sound’s inherent properties, however, such ordinances also regulate public space, though the spaces in question belie clearly demarcated boundaries. This article considers the cultural discourse surrounding contemporary debates about musical performance in public spaces, paying particular attention to the ways in which the politicization and regulation of acoustic space can be levied to curtail and potentially marginalize cultural expression and labor. I take New Orleans as a case study in light of that city’s ongoing debates surrounding musical performance and the regulation of sound. New Orleans provides a uniquely compelling example, as overzealous policing of the soundscape at times conflicts with the role that live music plays in that city’s broader cultural economy. Ultimately, I assess the stakes of these debates while recognizing the contentious and inherently political dynamics at play.
Comparative study of surgical and conservative treatments for fifth metatarsal base avulsion fractures (type I) in young adults or athletes
Authors: Wu Gen-Bin , Li Bing , Yang Yun-Feng
Published: December 2017

Purpose:

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and complications of minimally invasive surgery in treating displaced avulsion fractures (2–3 mm) of fifth metatarsal base zone I in young adults or athletes.

Methods:

Forty-six patients with displaced fifth metatarsal base avulsion fractures were assigned to operative and nonoperative groups by randomization. Patients in nonoperative group were immobilized with plaster, while patients in operative group were treated with closed reduction and fixation with a percutaneous screw.

Results:

All patients were followed up for 14 months on average (ranging from 12 to 24 months). All cases got primary union except for three patients in nonoperative group with malunion and two with frequent mild to moderate plantar pain. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score was significantly better in operative group at 6 months after treatment ( p < 0.05) but not significantly different at 12 months after treatment ( p > 0.05). The average time of full weight bearing and returning to work was significantly shorter in operative group than nonoperative group ( p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

In young adults or athletes with displaced avulsion fractures of fifth metatarsal base zone I, closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation provides anatomical stable fixation and early mobilization.
楚简中“犀”字新释读*
Authors: 顾史考
Published: December 2017

摘要

在上海博物馆藏战国楚竹书、清华大学藏战国竹简等楚国竹书中，数次出现一个隶定为“𡰥”之字，亦即相当于古字书所谓的古文“夷”字，或乃谓即古文“仁”字。楚简中，此字一般可以读为“夷”、“鸤”、“迟”等被归为脂部之字，或即可以视为“犀”字之省。然笔者认为在某些文例当中，此一“犀”省之字或可读为之部的“哉”或“载”，而本文乃从声韵学及文例对比的角度去探索此种可能，看其是否存有足以立说的依据。
关于普宁藏本《密咒圆因往生集》的一处八思巴字拼写
Authors: 宋洪民
Published: December 2017

摘要

普宁藏本《密咒圆因往生集》的八思巴字拼写中“垢”字作 gow，与拼写范本《蒙古字韵》不符，后者作ghiw。尽管 gow 的形式在表音上更准确，但却不符合系统的要求。于是乎就造成了被视作拼写范本的《蒙古字韵》中“垢”拼作 ghiw 成为通行规范形式，而 gow 的拼写形式则只能视作仅此一见的一个例外。
The incumbent resin effect for single-screw extrusion of polyethylene resins: The effect of resin changeover on gels in the product
Authors: Spalding Mark A , Gou Qian , Sun Xiaofei , Shi Qing
Published: December 2017

Innovative polyethylene films are constantly being developed by switching the existing or incumbent resin with a new or challenger resin. If the extrusion equipment is designed properly, the film with the challenger resin will be acceptable for further testing and marketing. However, if the extrusion equipment is not designed properly, old degraded material from the incumbent resin will be pushed out of the extruder by the challenger resin, contaminating the test film. In many cases, the challenger resin is incorrectly blamed for the gels. This paper describes the incumbent resin effect, presents a case study, and provides technical solutions.
In Vitro Evaluation of a Novel Image Processing Device to Estimate Surgical Blood Loss in Suction Canisters
Authors: Konig Gerhardt , Waters Jonathan H. , Hsieh Eric , Philip Bridget , Ting Vicki , Abbi Gaurav , Javidroozi Mazyar , Tully Griffeth W. , Adams Gregg
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND:

Clinicians are tasked with monitoring surgical blood loss. Unfortunately, there is no reliable method available to assure an accurate result. Most blood lost during surgery ends up on surgical sponges and within suction canisters. A novel Food and Drug Administration–cleared device (Triton system; Gauss Surgical, Inc, Los Altos, CA) to measure the amount of blood present on sponges using computer image analysis has been previously described. This study reports on performance of a complementary Food and Drug Administration–cleared device (Triton Canister System; Gauss Surgical, Inc, Los Altos, CA) that uses similar image analysis to measure the amount of blood in suction canisters.

METHODS:

Known quantities of expired donated whole blood, packed red blood cells, and plasma, in conjunction with various amounts of normal saline, were used to create 207 samples representing a wide range of blood dilutions commonly seen in suction canisters. Each sample was measured by the Triton device under 3 operating room lighting conditions (bright, medium, and dark) meant to represent a reasonable range, resulting in a total of 621 measurements. Using the Bland–Altman method, the measured hemoglobin (Hb) mass in each sample was compared to the results obtained using a standard laboratory assay as a reference value. The analysis was performed separately for samples measured under each lighting condition. It was expected that under each separate lighting condition, the device would measure the various samples within a prespecified clinically significant Hb mass range (±30 g per canister).

RESULTS:

The limits of agreement (LOA) between the device and the reference method for dark (bias: 4.7 g [95% confidence interval {CI}, 3.8–5.6 g]; LOA: −8.1 g [95% CI, −9.7 to −6.6 g] to 17.6 g [95% CI, 16.0–19.1 g]), medium (bias: 3.4 g [95% CI, 2.6–4.1 g]; LOA: −7.4 g [95% CI, −8.7 to −6.1 g] to 14.2 g [95% CI, 12.9–15.5 g]), and bright lighting conditions (bias: 4.1 g [95% CI, 3.2–4.9 g]; LOA: −7.6 g [95% CI, −9.0 to −6.2 g] to 15.7 g [95% CI, 14.3–17.1 g]) fell well within the predetermined clinically significant limits of ±30 g. Repeated measurements of the samples under the various lighting conditions were highly correlated with intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.995 (95% CI, 0.993–0.996; P < .001), showing that lighting conditions did not have a significant impact on measurements. Hb mass bias was significantly associated with hemolysis level (Spearman ρ correlation coefficient, −0.137; P = .001) and total canister volume (Spearman ρ correlation coefficient, 0.135; P = .001), but not ambient illuminance.

CONCLUSIONS:

The Triton Canister System was able to measure the Hb mass reliably with clinically acceptable accuracy in reconstituted blood samples representing a wide range of Hb concentrations, dilutions, hemolysis, and ambient lighting settings.
Prolonged Duration Local Anesthesia Using Liposomal Bupivacaine Combined With Liposomal Dexamethasone and Dexmedetomidine
Authors: Rwei Alina Y. , Sherburne Robert T. , Zurakowski David , Wang Bruce , Kohane Daniel S.
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND:

The relatively short duration of effect of local anesthetics has been addressed by encapsulation in drug delivery systems. Codelivery with a single compound that produces an adjuvant effect on nerve block but without intrinsic local anesthetic properties can further prolong the nerve block effect. Here, we investigated whether codelivery of more than 1 encapsulated adjuvant compound can further enhance nerve blockade.

METHODS:

Liposomes loaded with bupivacaine (Bup), dexamethasone phosphate (DexP), or dexmedetomidine (DMED) were synthesized and its in vitro drug release profiles were determined. Animals (Sprague-Dawley rats) were injected with liposomal Bup (Lipo-Bup) and adjuvants at the sciatic nerve and underwent a modified hot plate test to assess the degree of nerve block. The duration of block was monitored and the tissue reaction was assessed.

RESULTS:

Coinjection of Lipo-Bup with liposomal DexP (Lipo-DexP) and liposomal DMED (Lipo-DMED) prolonged the duration of sciatic nerve block 2.9-fold compared to Lipo-Bup alone (95% confidence interval, 1.9- to 3.9-fold). The duration of the block using this combination was significantly increased to 16.2 ± 3.5 hours compared to Lipo-Bup with a single liposomal adjuvant (8.7 ± 2.4 hours with Lipo-DMED, P = .006 and 9.9 ± 5.9 hours with Lipo-DexP, P = .008). The coinjection of Lipo-Bup with liposomal adjuvants decreased tissue inflammation (P = .014) but did not have a significant effect on myotoxicity when compared to Lipo-Bup alone. Coinjection of Lipo-Bup with unencapsulated adjuvants prolonged the duration of nerve block as well (25.0 ± 6.3 hours; P < .001) however was accompanied by systemic side effects.

CONCLUSIONS:

Codelivery of Lipo-DexP and Lipo-DMED enhanced the efficacy of Lipo-Bup. This benefit was also seen with codelivery of both adjuvant molecules in the unencapsulated state, but with marked systemic toxicity.
Successful Removal of Intracardiac Thrombus With a Poole Tip Suction Device Through the Inferior Vena Cava of a Patient With Cardiovascular Collapse During Liver Transplant: A Case Report
Authors: Vogt Matthew N. P. , Amundson Adam W. , Heimbach Julie K. , Martin David P.
Published: December 2017

Intracardiac thrombus occurs in 1.2%–6.3% of patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplant and is associated with a high mortality rate. The pathophysiology and risk factors for development of this complication are not well understood. No consensus treatment guidelines exist, and specific therapies are associated with serious risks. We present the timely and successful use of a Poole tip surgical suction device advanced into the right atrium through a cavotomy created in the inferior vena cava to remove a large right atrial thrombus during liver transplant. The thrombus was identified with transesophageal echocardiography and was causing cardiovascular collapse.
VARIABLE FACTORS CONTROLLING AMORPHOUS-ZEOLITE PHASE TRANSFORMATION IN METAKAOLIN BASED GEOPOLYMER
Authors: Juengsuwattananon Kannikar , Pimraksa Kedsarin
Published: December 2017

Metakaolin based geopolymer binder was synthesized using variable factors such as Na2O/SiO2, Na2O/Al2O3 and H2O/Na2O molar ratios as well as curing time. Metakaolin was used as an alumino silicate source incorporating with strong alkali activators; sodium hydroxide solution to undergo polycondenation and hence a formation of hardened geopolymeric binder. This work was aimed to investigate the effect of Na2O/SiO2, Na2O/Al2O3 and H2O/Na2O ratios, as well as curing time on phase transformation. The chemical composition, phase development and microstructure of reaction products were examined by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy with respect to their final compressive strength. Increasing the molar ratios of Na2O/Al2O3 and H2O/Na2O tended to favour the transformation of amorphous gel to various types of crystalline zeolite. Sodalite (pseudo-phase zeolite) and zeolite belonging to the Faujasite group, as well as zeolite X and A were identified in these mixtures. Based on this study, systems that favoured the formation of zeolitic products tended to possess lower strengths.
Social exclusion factors influencing life satisfaction among older adults
Authors: Lee Joonyup , Cagle John G
Published: December 2017

This study aims to examine the relative impact of social exclusion factors on older adults’ life satisfaction. This study conducted a cross-sectional analysis of psychosocial measures from the 2012 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (N=4,139). Results found that social exclusion factors indeed affect life satisfaction. Health had the strongest effect on life satisfaction. Good social relationships also positively affect life satisfaction. These findings call for considering multidimensionality of social exclusion in the future research. Researchers and practitioners could pay greater attention to social exclusion, ways to measure it, and its impact on life satisfaction through this study.
The Effect of MHD on Free Convection with Periodic Temperature and Concentration in the Presence of Thermal Radiation and Chemical Reaction
Authors: Zigta B. , Koya P. R.
Published: December 2017

This paper studies the effect of magneto hydrodynamics on unsteady free convection between a pair of infinite vertical Couette plates. The temperature of the plates and concentration between the plates vary with time. Convection between the plates is considered in the presence of thermal radiation and chemical reaction. The solution is obtained using perturbation techniques. These techniques are used to transform nonlinear coupled partial differential equations to a system of ordinary differential equations. The resulting equations are solved analytically. The solution is expressed in terms of power series with some small parameter. The effect of various parameters, viz., velocity, temperature and concentration, has been discussed. Mat lab code simulation study is carried out to support the theoretical results. The result shows that as the thermal radiation parameter R increases, the temperature decreases near the moving porous plate while it approaches to a zero in the region close to the boundary layer of the stationary plate. Moreover, as the modified Grashof number, i.e., based on concentration difference, increases, the velocity of the fluid flow increases hence the concentration decreases. An increase in both the chemical reaction parameter and Schmidt number results in decreased concentration.
Analysis of Energy Consumption and Possibilities of Thermal-Modernization in Residential Buildings in Poland Case Study: The Town of Zielona Góra
Authors: Alsabry A. , Truszkiewicz P. , Szymański K. , Łaskawiec K. , Rojek Ł.
Published: December 2017

The article presents an analysis of buildings belonging the Department of Public Utilities and Housing in Zielona Góra. The research was based on a set of questions for building operators. The questionnaires consisted of 30 questions concerning general and detailed information about the buildings. In order to clearly present the results, this article includes data only about residential and residential-commercial buildings. Forty building built in different periods were selected for analysis.
Persistent ventricular bigeminy during anesthesia in pediatric patients: a case report of an 11-year-old child
Authors: Dalal Sheetal , Chaudhari Vikas
Published: December 2017

An 11-year-old male child with fractures in both bones in his left forearm presented for open reduction and internal fixation. The pre-anesthetic check-up and investigations did not reveal any pre-existing underlying cardio-respiratory disease. The patient had an uneventful peri-operative period during the operation and was comfortable without any anxiety or restlessness. After an uneventful induction and intubation as per routine protocol, the patient received 600 mg of amoxicillin+clavunate intravenously as an antibiotic. After 3 min, the patient developed persistent ventricular bigeminy with intermittent sinus rhythm, which returned to normal after 20 min. Open reduction and internal fixation of the fractures in both bones were done. Extubation and the post-op course were uneventful. To rule out the cause of arrhythmia, ECG, 2D-ECHO and serum electrolyte evaluation were done, however the results came back as normal. Many days later, the patient fell again on the same arm and revisited the ortho operation theatre for revision surgery. As the child was very cooperative and calm, he was given a supraclavicular block after proper counseling. Thirty minutes before tourniquet inflation as a routine method, 600 mg of amoxicillin+clavunate was administered. After 5 min, the patient developed persistent ventricular bigeminy. After 1 h, the child complained of chest pain and had redness of eyes and was restless. This was managed with 100% oxygen and an injection of 150 mg amiodarone intravenously. Surgery was postponed for further stabilization and optimization. Serum electrolytes were normal. The child was observed in the surgical intensive care unit with continuous ECG monitoring. Ventricular bigeminy with intermittent sinus rhythm persisted for 3 days. This was managed with metoprolol 12.5 mg BD and amiodarone 100 mg OD tablets. The opinion of a pediatric cardiologist was obtained and repeated 2D-ECHO results revealed no abnormality. After 5 days, the patient was discharged and surgery was rescheduled for 2 weeks later with continuation of metaprolol and amiodarone tablets. On the fourth occasion we avoided the injection of amoxicillin+clavunate and all anesthetic drugs, which might contribute to cardiac arrhythmia. The peri-operative period was uneventful. An in-depth discussion of the case and ventricular dysrhythmias in the pediatric population is emphasized in this case report.
Some new inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for s-convex functions with applications
Authors: Khan Muhammad Adil , Chu Yuming , Khan Tahir Ullah , Khan Jamroz
Published: December 2017

In this paper, we present several new and generalized Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for s-convex as well as s-concave functions via classical and Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals. As applications, we provide new error estimations for the trapezoidal formula.
Tax on Traded Goods, and Corrupt Non-traded Goods Sector: Implications for Intermediation Activities
Authors: Mandal Biswajit
Published: December 2017

This paper uses a Heckscher-Ohlin nugget framework with both traded and non-traded goods. Traded goods are subject to tax whereas non-traded good does not pay tax but is beset with corruption related intermediation. Our motive is to investigate the comparison of the effects of corruption and tax cut. We assume only the non-traded sector to be corruption affected. We argue that a fall in the degree of corruption surprisingly increases the number of intermediators while tax change has no effect on it. But the size of the intermediation activities expands in both the cases. Low corruption diminishes the exportable production and raises importable production while a tax cut does not have any such effect. The welfare implication is ambiguous in case of a decrease in cost of corruption. A tax cut, however, raises welfare unambiguously.
Slovenia’s State Institutions in the Grip of Democratic Political Culture and the Media (The Telecom Case)
Authors: Kalin Golob Monika , Grizold Anton
Published: December 2017

This paper analyses the systemic framework of the operation of the Intelligence and Security Service – ISS, and the parliamentary supervision of its operations. It takes as its focus a case that occurred last year and was related to the Defence Minister’s commissioning of working materials from the Service on the effects that the privatization of the national telecommunications provider – Telekom Slovenije would have on the operation of the Service in the light of Slovenia’s defence interests. This work also presents a linguostylistic analysis of the media reports covering this case. The findings show that while after 25 years as an independent state Slovenia has established the institutional framework for the operation of the ISS and regulated parliamentary supervision of its work, it has not as yet managed to achieve the harmonized operation of all state policies in the field of national security. Rather than contributing to the solution of certain dilemmas regarding the legal, political and professional aspects of the operation of this civil intelligence and security service in the context of Slovenian national defence, the media reporting used a selection of foregrounded (marked) linguistic means in headlines to characterize the event as a scandal, and designate the ISS as a military intelligence service.
Effects of Judo Training on Bones: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ciaccioni Simone , Condello Giancarlo , Guidotti Flavia , Capranica Laura
Published: December 2017

Ciaccioni, S, Condello, G, Guidotti, F, and Capranica, L. Effects of judo training on bones: a systematic literature review. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2882–2896, 2019—The aim of this study was to provide a systematic literature review on the osteogenic effects of judo (PROSPERO: CRD42016041803). The online search was conducted according to the inclusion criteria: observational studies and clinical/interventional trials in English from inception to June 2016; bone health, bone mineral density (BMD), diameters, impact force, and bone turnover marker (BTM) outcomes. Thirty-four studies were included and graded for their methodological quality (“fair” quality: 79.4%). The most used assessment method (44.1%) was X-ray absorptiometry. A positive association between judo and bone health/status emerged. Findings support site-specific BMD accrual in children, adolescents, adult athletes, and in premenopausal and postmenopausal female practitioners. Bone turnover markers revealed a hypermetabolic status in high-level judo athletes. The osteogenic stimuli of judo seem to protect athletes from alterations in bone metabolic balance due to weight loss cycling. Sexual dimorphism was found between judoka in bone diameters and mass, and significant differences in bone breadths emerged between elite and nonelite judokas. The fall techniques reduced bone impact force and velocity with respect to “natural” fall. Further longitudinal, cross-sectional, and interventional researches are required. This article provides useful information on bone for health sport scientists, coaches, and practitioners, stimulating future research lines on judo. In particular, coaches and physical trainers should consider introducing judo fall techniques in their training plans to prevent fall-related injuries, especially relevant in the older population. Conversely, coaches are urged to carefully control weight cycling dietary habits of their athletes, which can produce serious metabolic responses on bones.
Development of Anaerobic Fitness in Top-Level Competitive Youth Ice Hockey Players
Authors: Leiter Jeff R. , Cordingley Dean M. , MacDonald Peter B.
Published: December 2017

Leiter, JR, Cordingley, DM, and MacDonald, PB. Development of anaerobic fitness in top-level competitive youth ice hockey players. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2612–2615, 2018—Ice hockey is a physiologically complex sport involving both the anaerobic and aerobic energy systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anaerobic power output (PO) of top-level competitive youth hockey players. It was hypothesized that with each successive increase in age, there would be an associated change in anaerobic PO. Two hundred and fifty-one male hockey players between the ages of 13–17 years participated in this study. All athletes completed a 30-second Wingate test as part of a preseason physiological and fitness combine. A 1-way analysis of variance was performed to compare peak PO (POpeak), average PO (POavg), and fatigue index between all age groups. A Tukey's post hoc test was used to determine changes in immediately successive age groups for all variables. Age categories were grouped as 13 years old (yrs) (n = 72), 14 yrs (n = 68), 15 yrs (57) and 16 yrs (n = 54, including 11 athletes 17 yrs). Absolute POpeak significantly increased with all age increases. Relative POpeak, absolute POavg, and relative POavg increased between the ages of 13 and 14 years, and 14 and 15 years, but not between the ages 15 and 16 years. There were no changes in fatigue index between any successive age groups. Anaerobic PO increases with an increase in age with no associated change in fatigue index. Athletes, coaches, and parents can use this normative data to help prepare the player for upcoming seasons in which there may be an increase in level or age class.
Prolactin-releasing peptide improved leptin hypothalamic signaling in obese mice
Authors: Holubová Martina , Hrubá Lucie , Neprašová Barbora , Majerčíková Zuzana , Lacinová Zdeňka , Kuneš Jaroslav , Maletínská Lenka , Železná Blanka
Published: December 2017

The situation following anti-obesity drug termination is rarely investigated, eventhough a decrease in body weight needs to be sustained. Therefore, this study examined the impact of twice-daily peripheral administration of 5 mg/kg [N-palm-γGlu-Lys11] prolactin-releasing peptide 31 (palm11-PrRP31) in mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO from consuming a high-fat diet) after 28 days of treatment (palm11-PrRP31 group) and after 14 days of peptide treatment followed by 14 days of discontinuation (palm11-PrRP31 + saline group). At the end of the treatment, cumulative food intake, body weight and subcutaneous fat weight/body weight ratio and leptin plasma level were reduced significantly in both the palm11-PrRP31 group and the palm11-PrRP31 + saline group compared to the saline control group. This reduction correlated with significantly increased FOSB, a marker of long-term neuronal potentiation, in the nucleus arcuatus and nucleus tractus solitarii, areas known to be affected by the anorexigenic effect of palm11-PrRP31. Moreover, activation of leptin-related hypothalamic signaling was registered through an increase in phosphoinositide-3-kinase, increased phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB, AKT) and enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation. Besides, lowered apoptotic markers c-JUN N-terminal kinase and c-JUN phosphorylation were registered in the hypothalami of both palm11-PrRP31-treated groups. This study demonstrates that palm11-PrRP31 positively affects feeding and leptin-related hypothalamic signaling, not only after 28 days of treatment but even 14 days after the termination of a 14-day long treatment without the yo-yo effect.
Representaciones sociales sobre la crisis ambiental de profesores de química en formación inicial de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
Authors: Porras Contreras Yair Alexánder
Published: December 2017

El propósito del presente artículo se centra en el reconocimiento de las representaciones sociales de la crisis ambiental, que circulan en un grupo de profesores en formación inicial de la Licenciatura en Química de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional de Colombia (upn), tomando como referente el enfoque estructural de la representación social, cuya orientación metodológica se apoya en los análisis de carácter prototípico y categorial, sustentados por la técnica de evocación de palabras, con la cual se estudia la importancia que las personas atribuyen a la crisis ambiental, según la frecuencia y rango con los cuales se evocan los términos, aspecto fundamental para reconocer el núcleo central de la representación social y su sistema periférico. Para la mayoría de docentes en formación, la crisis ambiental está vinculada a los imaginarios, los valores culturales compartidos, los aprendizajes y las prácticas sociales, que definen el comportamiento, la comprensión y las relaciones entre los seres humanos y el entorno. En la presente investigación se reconocen cinco dominios o categorías sobre la crisis ambiental: materialista, ético-moral, sociocultural, educativo, científico-tecnológico, los cuales reafirman el carácter polisémico, multicultural y pluriparadigmático en el que se construyen percepciones, ideas, creencias, concepciones y representaciones de la realidad ambiental, fundamentales para iniciar una discusión sobre los conocimientos ambientales que se construyen en la universidad, junto con la praxis pedagógica que orienta las propuestas de formación de profesores enfocadas al desarrollo de una ciudadanía ambiental. La crisis ambiental se relaciona directamente con la crisis de la identidad y con ella el incremento de problemáticas asociadas con el deterioro de la autoimagen, el autocuidado, la autoestima y la carencia de valores ambientales. Es también una crisis de la alteridad, que se refleja en la opresión, la falta de libertad, la poca solidaridad, la vulnerabilidad social, el racismo ambiental, la corrupción y las amenazas contra la salud. Es una crisis del territorio, que se evidencia con la pérdida de ese espacio donde se construye la relación social, situación que promueve la injusticia ambiental, la migración y la pobreza. La suma de estos desequilibrios afecta el ambiente, nuestro oikos, un sistema dinámico y complejo, que establece relaciones rizomáticas entre sus componentes (biofísicos, sociales y culturales). De esta manera, podríamos concluir que la crisis ambiental es una construcción social que involucra la identidad, la alteridad, la territorialidad y, particularmente, la formación del sujeto ecosocial, lo cual la constituye como uno de los riesgos más importantes a los que se ve enfrentada la humanidad, convirtiéndose en una crisis de civilización.
Pensamiento, palabra, acción y territorio: Perspectivas y desafíos para el abordaje de cuestiones ambientales y territoriales, con pobladores de la cuenca del bajo río Caquetá-Colombia
Authors: Bravo Osorio Leidy Marcela
Published: December 2017

Se presentan los resultados de un trabajo de investigación realizado con pobladores del margen izquierdo de la cuenca del bajo río Caquetá (cbrc), cuyo propósito central es precisar la relación entre los discursos y prácticas relacionados con el ambiente por parte de los pobladores y los discursos que se identifican, en el marco de la implementación del proyecto “Ecología participativa para el manejo integral de humedales y el recurso pesquero de la cuenca del río Caquetá (Amazonia colombiana)”, aportando a los debates en relación con los procesos de constitución territorial característicos de esta zona del país. Es una investigación de carácter cualitativo, que utiliza técnicas y herramientas del método etnográfico como el diario de campo, la observación participante, entrevista no dirigida, registro visual e identificación de actores sociales, para poner en diálogo las formas de comprensión del ambiente de los distintos actores identificados en la zona. Este trabajo busca ser un elemento de discusión para la población y organizaciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, interesadas en cuestiones como el ordenamiento territorial, manejo adecuado de recursos y del ambiente, recuperación de conocimientos tradicionales y procesos educativos. Además, pretende generar reflexiones en relación a esos otros escenarios en los cuales, como licenciados en Biología de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, se hace presencia. Dentro de los resultados se encuentra que, en el panorama actual de los departamentos del Amazonas y Vaupés, se superponen las formas de relación con el ambiente y el territorio de los indígenas y de los blancos de fuera, esto genera desorden en el manejo del territorio y origina una falta de espacios reales de respeto y convivencia, que hagan posible un intercambio cultural para construir conjuntamente el territorio que ambas partes necesitan y desean. Resaltando la idea de que, un verdadero ordenamiento territorial y ambiental, solo puede provenir de un proceso adelantado por la gente que habita el territorio y que tiene los conocimientos para vivir ahí. Las tensiones se hacen evidentes cuando se concibe, de manera nominal, la participación de las comunidades del lugar en la toma de decisiones que afectan directamente sus vidas. Siguen quedando cuestionamientos como: ¿Sus puntos de vista realmente son escuchados? ¿Será que se tienen en cuenta a la hora de, por ejemplo, realizar los mapas de los resguardos? Si es así, ¿por qué se presentan límites geográficos? ¿Por qué hay necesidad de zonificar sus territorios, cuando históricamente los han habitado de otras formas, permitiendo la recreación de la vida y lo vivo?
Los recursos tecnológicos en la estadística bidimensional en los textos españoles de bachillerato
Authors: Gea María M. , Batanero Carmen , López-Martín María del Mar , Contreras José Miguel
Published: December 2017

Los currículos actuales recomiendan el uso de los recursos tecnológicos en la enseñanza de la estadística, por la ventaja que suponen en el cálculo y representación gráfica, el trabajo con datos reales y el aprendizaje de conceptos a través de la simulación. En esta investigación se analizan los recursos tecnológicos que los libros de texto sugieren para la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la estadística bidimensional en bachillerato (organización y representación de datos bidimensionales, correlación y regresión). La importancia de este aspecto se debe a que extiende la dependencia funcional a situaciones aleatorias y proporciona al alumno oportunidades de modelizar numerosas aplicaciones. Por otro lado, la investigación didáctica muestra dificultades de comprensión y concepciones erróneas en esta área. Mediante un análisis de contenido se han estudiado dieciséis libros de texto españoles, ocho libros de cada una de las dos especialidades de bachillerato que incluyen “Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales” y “Ciencia y Tecnología”. En dichos libros se estudia el uso que se hace de recursos tecnológicos en los problemas y procedimientos propuestos, los tipos de recursos que se referencian para trabajar con internet y el contenido de un CD que acompaña a la mayoría de estos textos. Los resultados muestran una escasa presencia de recursos tecnológicos en los textos analizados, a la vez que una gran variabilidad de los recursos descritos. La referencia a recursos en internet se suele restringir a unidades didácticas y no a conjuntos de datos que puedan usarse en proyectos o a simuladores que faciliten la comprensión conceptual. El CD que acompaña a los textos a veces reproduce el mismo texto o se reduce a colecciones de ejercicios tradicionales; son minoría los problemas y procedimientos que usan recursos tecnológicos. Se concluye con algunas recomendaciones para la mejora de estos textos, teniendo en cuenta dichos recursos.
Conocimiento didáctico del contenido sobre la química verde: el caso de los profesores universitarios de química
Authors: Parga Lozano Diana Lineth
Published: December 2017

Una de las líneas de interés de los investigadores en educación en ciencias, es la relacionada conla ambientalización de los currículos de formación de profesores, siendo tal ambientalización enla educación más cercana de las ideas de Desarrollo Humano Sustentable (dhs). Por lo tanto, lassiguientes consideraciones están enfocadas en los profesores universitarios y la Licenciatura enQuímica con respecto a los saberes que tienen cuando enseñan la química sustentable, la químicaambiental y la química verde, que dependiendo de su abordaje, pueden evidenciar niveles deAmbientalización. Para el desarrollo de la investigación, fue hecho un estudio documental de loseventos nacionales en Brasil sobre Educación química e Enseñanza de la Química. Los trabajosencontrados fueron analizados desde las categorías del conocimiento didáctico del contenidodisciplinar, conocimiento metadisciplinar, conocimiento del contexto y conocimiento psicopedagógico.Los resultados muestran que existe un abordaje incipiente de la temática (química verde,sustentable y ambiental) que no permite distinguir o destacar los saberes relacionados, porqueestos profesores no recibieron una formación sobre ello; esto permitió ver que los saberes de losdocentes universitarios es incipiente y fragmentado; sin embargo el estudio llama atención paramotivar investigaciones en este sentido dada la responsabilidad de los docentes de la universidadpara formar nuevos profesores en la perspectiva de la ambientalización curricular.
Desarrollo de capacidades y formación en competencias ambientales en el profesorado de ciencias
Authors: Mora Penagos William Manuel
Published: December 2017

Este artículo de reflexión derivado de la línea de investigación del die-ud: “Inclusión de la Dimensión Ambiental en la Educación en Ciencias”, muestra que la educación en ciencias ha sido convocada a una transformación que permita mejorar sus vínculos con el mundo de la vida de los estudiantes y, particularmente, con la sustentabilidad del planeta, para lo cual la formación ambiental del profesorado de ciencias es fundamental. Luego de preguntarse por el sentido de las competencias en el marco de un proyecto educativo global hegemónico para el desarrollo económico, se toma postura en favor de reconceptualizar las competencias científicas básicas, en un contexto cultural amplio que dé cabida al diálogo de saberes, para enfrentar la complejidad de los problemas ambientales. Sustentados en la revisión de varias propuestas de competencias en la educación para la sustentabilidad, se propone un listado de competencias ambientales clave, que podría tener gran potencial facilitar el desarrollo de estrategias didácticas sustentadas en cuestiones socialmente vivas, y sobre las cuales es fundamental formar al estudiantado. Por último, se argumenta que la formación ambiental del profesorado de ciencias se puede abordar desde una visión compleja del conocimiento didáctico del contenido ( cdc) en el que se cuestionen las desconfianzas y tensiones entre las prácticas docentes en educación en ciencias ( ec) y la educación ambiental (ea).
Las estrategias didácticas activas en el aprendizaje de la resolución de problemas de química. Influencia del estilo cognitivo del estudiante
Authors: Hurtado Osorio Gladys Elena
Published: December 2017

Este artículo muestra los resultados de un estudio piloto sobre la incidencia de dosestrategias didácticas de enseñanza: el aprendizaje basado en problemas (abp)y la enseñanza para la comprensión (epc), en el aprendizaje de la resolución deproblemas por parte de estudiantes chilenos de educación media y su interaccióncon el estilo cognitivo en la dimensión dependencia-independencia de campo(dic). La metodología de investigación consistió en la aplicación de la pruebade estilo cognitivo dependencia-independencia de campo (dic), el desarrollo delas estrategias mencionadas en la unidad didáctica de estequiometría y posterioraplicación de una evaluación que contenía seis problemas sobre el tema.La información obtenida en la evaluación se procesó estadísticamente, lo quepermitió concluir, entre otros aspectos, que no existe relación significativa entreel uso de estas estrategias y el estilo cognitivo dic.
El continuo de la formación del profesorado de ciencias.
Authors: Parga Lozano Diana Lineth
Published: December 2017

Hoy, quienes trabajamos con la formación de profesores de ciencias, siendo docentes o investigadores, o en la interacción de estas dos funciones, tenemos grandes preocupaciones por ser el área de trabajo y, por lo tanto, nuestra responsabilidad;quiero destacar dos de ellas, relacionadas con la forma como los cambios sociales e investigativos impactan la formación del profesorado, a propósito de los artículos recibidos para este número.
Prácticas en la formación de los licenciados en matemáticas: la experiencia de una práctica interdisciplinar
Authors: Acevedo Rincón Jenny Patricia , Fiorentini Dario
Published: December 2017

La Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Estatal de Campinas (Unicamp), ofrece dos prácticas docentes (I y II) de las cuatro etapas de la práctica de la enseñanza, que se diferencian por ser interdisciplinarias, reuniendo en un mismo salón de clase, alumnos de diferentes cursos. Cada profesor, responsable de Práctica Docente I y II, hace una propuesta con base en la formación y experiencia del investigador y su concepción teórica de la formación del profesorado. En este artículo se presentan inicialmente los enfoques teóricos para comprender las experiencias de aprendizaje y formación profesional de los estudiantes en las clases de Práctica Docente de la Facultad de Educación, ofrecidas por el segundo autor de este artículo. Tratando de entender las experiencias de aprendizaje de dieciocho estudiantes de licenciatura en Matemáticas, Biología, Historia, Filosofía, Geografía, Educación Física, Arte y Lenguaje, en el curso de Práctica Docente I buscamos contribuciones de la teoría social del aprendizaje. La práctica está determinada por las condiciones sociales, culturales e históricas en las que opera; en consecuencia, tiene un carácter social. Las prácticas docentes de la Unicamp ofrecen múltiples escenarios de práctica docente. En este contexto, el alumno realiza diversas prácticas educativas desarrolladas en diferentes escenarios. En el contexto interdisciplinario se da significado a los cambios en el aprendizaje, así como alcompromiso, la afiliación y la imaginación hacia la comunidad de práctica, determinados por los cuatro escenarios que comparten –la escuela, la disciplina, el grupo interdisciplinario y TelEduc (plataforma digital)–, pero formando solo los tres primeros tipos de comunidades de práctica. En el artículo, se presenta un análisis teórico sobre la participación de los alumnos en las tres comunidades de práctica: 1) comunidad de práctica de la disciplina; 2) comunidad de práctica del grupo interdisciplinario; y 3) comunidad de práctica de la escuela. Para reconocer y analizar el aprendizaje y formas de identificación en las comunidades, desarrollamos la investigación siguiendo un enfoque cualitativo y el análisis de narrativas y diferentes formas de participación de los alumnos, teniendo presente que el conocimiento es de tipo social, pues es problematizado y transformado al ser usado en las prácticas sociales, especialmente dentro de las tres comunidades de la práctica docente.
El problema de la teleología y la metáfora del diseño en biología: cuestiones epistemológicas e implicancias didácticas
Authors: González Galli Leonardo
Published: December 2017

La existencia y resistencia de muchas concepciones alternativas de los estudiantesse reconoce como uno de los principales problemas en la enseñanza de lateoría de la evolución. Estas concepciones suponen frecuentemente razonamientosteleológicos. De acuerdo con la perspectiva más difundida sobre esteproblema, la teleología no ocupa un lugar legítimo en la biología y, sobre estabase, se propone como objetivo didáctico la modificación y el reemplazo, esdecir, la eliminación de las concepciones teleológicas de los estudiantes. Esteha sido el supuesto básico sobre el que se han elaborado y probado numerosaspropuestas de aprendizaje por cambio conceptual cuyos resultados han sidomás bien limitados. En este trabajo cuestionamos las bases epistemológicas deesta “perspectiva tradicional”, proponemos un enfoque alternativo y ofrecemosalgunos lineamientos para el tratamiento didáctico de este problema. Sugerimosque el lenguaje teleológico en la biología puede entenderse como unaexpresión de la metáfora del diseño. Dicha metáfora es adecuada porque losseres vivos parecen diseñados en virtud de su carácter adaptativo que, a su vez,se explica por ser producto de la selección natural. Sostenemos, además, quela explicación darwiniana de la adaptación es teleológica, entre otras razonesporque supone apelar necesariamente a la metáfora del diseño. Discutimosel rol de las metáforas y analogías en la enseñanza de la ciencia y en el desarrollode la ciencia misma para concluir que las metáforas son parte de lacreación científica y de sus productos, las teorías científicas. Sobre estas basessugerimos un trabajo didáctico centrado en el análisis explícito de la metáforadel diseño por parte de los estudiantes. En esta propuesta el foco está puestoen el desarrollo de las capacidades metacognitivas de los estudiantes, de modo que comprendan en qué consiste la metáfora del diseño, puedan reconocerla y puedan regularsu uso. Creemos que dado el estatus problemático de la teleología en la biología y el consensosobre el rol constitutivo y funcional en la cognición humana de este tipo de razonamientos el objetivode que los estudiantes los abandonen no es realista ni deseable. El enfoque propuesto tieneotras virtudes, tales como aportar a la construcción por parte de los estudiantes de una imagen deciencia más adecuada a partir del aprendizaje en relación con el rol de las metáforas en la ciencia.