bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elevated random glucose levels at admission are associated with all‐cause mortality and cardiogenic shock during hospitalisation in patients with acute myocardial infarction and without diabetes: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yuan Yujuan , Tao Jing , Shen Xin , Cheng Hui , Dong Xiangyu , Muyesai Nijiati , Wang Zhao , Li Nanfang
Published: February 2023

Background

Elevated glucose levels at admission are associated with a worse prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI); additionally, such elevation has a higher prognostic value for patients without diabetes.

Methods

We retrospectively recruited 2412 AMI patients without diabetes from 1 August 2011 to 10 January 2022. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality during hospitalisation, and the secondary outcomes were cardiogenic shock, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, atrioventricular block and new stroke.

Results

The mean age of participants was 65 years and 78.6% were male. Of the 2412 patients, all‐cause mortality occurred in 236 patients (9.8%) during hospitalisation. In multivariate‐adjusted models that corrected for variable weights, the risk of all‐cause mortality increased with an increase in random glucose levels at admission; specifically, the risk of all‐cause mortality increased per 1 mg/dL (odds ratio [OR] 1.006, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.004–1.008), per 9 mg/dL (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04–1.08), and per 18 mg/dL (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.07–1.16) increases in admission glucose levels. When admission glucose levels were expressed as a categorical variable, increased levels of glucose (relative to the reference glucose value <140 mg/dL) led to an increased risk of all‐cause mortality; specifically, the OR of all‐cause mortality for 140–200 mg/dL glucose was 1.55 (95% CI: 1.09–2.17) and the OR for glucose >200 mg/dL was 3.08 (95% CI: 2.00–4.62) (P for trend <0.001). The risk of cardiogenic shock also increased with glucose levels with an OR of 1.68 (95% CI: 1.21–2.31) for 140–200 mg/dL glucose and an OR of 3.72 (95% CI: 2.50–5.46) for >200 mg/dL, compared with that of glucose <140 mg/dL. In multivariate‐adjusted spline regression models, an increased risk of all‐cause mortality was observed in patients with glucose ≥122 mg/dL (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.38–2.38, p < 0.001) compared with the reference cohort. Furthermore, patients with glucose ≥111 mg/dL (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.80–3.12) had a higher risk of cardiogenic shock than patients with glucose <111 mg/dL.

Conclusions

Patients with AMI and without diabetes who had elevated random glucose levels at admission had a higher risk of all‐cause mortality and cardiogenic shock during hospitalisation. In particular, patients with glucose ≥122 mg/dL had an increased risk of all‐cause mortality, and those with glucose ≥111 mg/dL had an increased risk of cardiogenic shock.
Fast and Balanced Charge Transport Enabled by Solution‐Processed Metal Oxide Layers for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Jing , Mcgettrick James , Ji Kangyu , Bi Jinxin , Webb Thomas , Liu Xueping , Liu Dongtao , Ren Aobo , Xiang Yuren , Li Bowei , Stolojan Vlad , Watson Trystan , Stranks Samuel D. , Zhang Wei
Published: February 2023

Metal oxide charge transport materials are preferable for realizing long‐term stable and potentially low‐cost perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, due to some technical difficulties (e.g., intricate fabrication protocols, high‐temperature heating process, incompatible solvents, etc.), it is still challenging to achieve efficient and reliable all‐metal‐oxide‐based devices. Here, we developed efficient inverted PSCs (IPSCs) based on solution‐processed nickel oxide (NiOx) and tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles, working as hole and electron transport materials respectively, enabling a fast and balanced charge transfer for photogenerated charge carriers. Through further understanding and optimizing the perovskite/metal oxide interfaces, we have realized an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.5% (the bandgap of the perovskite is 1.62 eV), which is the highest efficiency among IPSCs based on all‐metal‐oxide charge transport materials. Thanks to these stable metal oxides and improved interface properties, ambient stability (retaining 95% of initial PCE after 1 month), thermal stability (retaining 80% of initial PCE after 2 weeks) and light stability (retaining 90% of initial PCE after 1000 hours aging) of resultant devices are enhanced significantly. In addition, owing to the low‐temperature fabrication procedures of the entire device, we have obtained a PCE of over 21% for flexible IPSCs with enhanced operational stability.
Broadband solar‐driven water evaporator based on organic hybrid bandgap and bio‐mimetic interfaces
Authors: Zhu Jingshuai , Wang Xiang , Liang Jiechang , Qiu Xiaopan , Chen Shiguo , Wang Yu , Wang Yuanfeng
Published: February 2023

Owing to the lightweight, flexibility, and molecular diversity, organic photothermal materials are considered promising solar absorbent materials for water‐evaporating purification. Herein, we utilize the blend of two organic conjugated photothermal materials, PM6 and Y6, with broadband solar absorption from 350 to 1000 nm and high‐efficiency photothermal properties to fabricate a Janus water evaporator on cellulose paper. Similar to the asymmetric wetting behavior on the lotus leaf, the evaporator shows efficient water adhesion on the bottom surface and water repellency on the top surface for a desirable self‐floating capability and salt resistance. With a mass of only 0.5 mg per 3.14 cm2, the PM6:Y6 blend‐based water evaporator achieves 88.9% of solar thermal conversion efficiency (η) and 1.52 kg m−2 h−1 of solar water evaporation rate (m) under 1.0 kW m−2 solar irradiation. These properties are almost the best performance among purely organic water evaporators especially with such a premise of material saving. The concentrations of primary ions are significantly decreased by 4–6 orders after desalination, accompanied by excellent performance for wastewater treatment. This evaporator realizes a m of 1.21 kg m−2 h−1, a η of 75.7%, and a voltage of 61 mV under one sun irradiation by assembling with a thermoelectric equipment. This study demonstrates that the blending of PM6 and Y6 achieves photothermal synergism, which improves the photothermal property and water evaporation rate, providing a valuable prospect for their application in water purification and thermoelectric power generation.

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Ecological Drivers of Mercury Bioaccumulation in Fish of a Subarctic Watercourse
Authors: Amundsen Per-Arne , Henriksson Matilda , Poste Amanda , Prati Sebastian , Power Michael
Published: February 2023

Mercury (Hg) is a serious concern for aquatic ecosystems because it may biomagnify to harmful concentrations within food webs and consequently end up in humans that eat fish. However, the trophic transfer of mercury through the aquatic food web may be impacted by several factors related to network complexity and the ecology of the species present. The present study addresses the interplay between trophic ecology and mercury contamination in the fish communities of two lakes in a pollution-impacted subarctic watercourse, exploring the role of both horizontal (feeding habitat) and vertical (trophic position) food web characteristics as drivers for the Hg contamination in fish. The lakes are located in the upper and lower parts of the watercourse, with the lower site located closer to, and downstream from, the main pollution source. The lakes have complex fish communities dominated by coregonids (polymorphic whitefish and invasive vendace) and several piscivorous species. Analyses of habitat use, stomach contents, and stable isotope signatures (δ15N, δ13C) revealed similar food web structures in the two lakes except for a few differences chiefly related to ecological effects of the invasive vendace. The piscivores had higher Hg concentrations than invertebrate-feeding fish. Concentrations increased with size and age for the piscivores and vendace, whereas habitat differences were of minor importance. Most fish species showed significant differences in Hg concentrations between the lakes, the highest values typically found in the downstream site where the biomagnification rate also was higher. Mercury levels in piscivorous fish included concentrations that exceed health authorization limits, with possible negative implications for fishing and human consumption. Our findings accentuate the importance of acquiring detailed knowledge of the drivers that can magnify Hg concentrations in fish and how these may vary within and among aquatic systems, to provide a scientific basis for adequate management strategies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:873–887. © 2023 SETAC
External fire plumes from mass timber compartment fires—Comparison to test methods for regulatory compliance of façades
Authors: Sjöström Johan , Brandon Daniel , Temple Alastair , Anderson Johan , McNamee Robert
Published: February 2023

Post‐flashover fires inherently lead to external fire plumes, constituting a hazard for rapid fire spread over façades. As multi‐storey mass timber buildings with internal visible timber surfaces become more common, there are concerns that such buildings would produce larger external plumes and hazards (assuming all other parameters equal). The literature reveals only indications of this, and how the actual exposure relates to different test methods for assessment is unknown. Here we utilise a series of full‐scale mass timber compartment tests to quantify the exposure to the external façade. An incombustible external façade is instrumented with gauges at positions corresponding to reference data from several different assessment methods. The results show that there is an increase in plume duration, height, and temperatures when increasing the areas of exposed timber, but that this increase is less for normal‐ to large‐opening compartments, than was previously seen in small‐opening compartments. Also, normal variations in external wind speed have a larger influence on plume heights than the effect of doubling exposed timber surfaces. Test methods used for regulatory compliance differ significantly not only in exposure but also in pass/fail criteria. The proposed European large exposure method and the BS8414 method exhibit exposures on par with the severe end of what could be expected from mass timber compartments, whereas methods like SP Fire 105 and Lepir II produce significantly less severe plumes. However, the safety level is always a combination of exposure and assessment criteria. This data can help justify assessment criteria from a performance perspective.
The Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Menopause on Bone Mineral Density: A Longitudinal Study of Urban-Dwelling South African Women
Authors: Madanhire Tafadzwa MSc , Goedecke Julia H. PhD , Ward Kate A. PhD , Jaff Nicole PhD , Crowther Nigel J. PhD , Norris Shane PhD , Ferrand Rashida A. PhD , Rehman Andrea M. PhD , Micklesfield Lisa K. PhD , Gregson Celia L. PhD
Published: February 2023

An estimated 25% of South African women live with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Antiretroviral therapy roll-out has improved life expectancy, so many more women now reach menopause. We aimed to quantify changes in bone mineral density (BMD) during the menopausal transition in urban-dwelling South African women with and without HIV and determine whether HIV infection modified the effect of menopause on BMD changes. A 5-year population-based longitudinal study recruited women aged 40–60 years residing in Soweto and collected demographic and clinical data, including HIV status, anthropometry, and BMD, at baseline and at 5-year follow-up. All women were staged as pre-, peri-, or postmenopausal at both time points. Multivariable linear regression assessed relationships and interactions between HIV infection, menopause, and change in BMD. At baseline, 450 women had mean age 49.5 (SD 5.7) years, 65 (14.4%) had HIV, and 140 (31.1%), 119 (26.4%), and 191 (42.4%) were pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal, respectively; 34/205 (13.6%) women ≥50 years had a total hip (TH) or lumbar spine (LS) T-score ≤ −2.5. At follow-up 38 (8.4%), 84 (18.7%), and 328 (72.9%) were pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal. Those with HIV at baseline lost more total body (TB) BMD (mean difference −0.013 [95% confidence interval −0.026, −0.001] g/cm2, p = 0.040) and gained more weight 1.96 [0.32, 3.60] kg; p = 0.019 than HIV-uninfected women. After adjusting for age, baseline weight, weight change, and follow-up time, the transition from pre- to postmenopause was associated with greater TB BMD losses in women with HIV (−0.092 [−0.042, −0.142] g/cm2; p = 0.001) than without HIV (−0.038 [−0.016, −0.060] g/cm2, p = 0.001; interaction p = 0.034). Similarly, in women who were postmenopausal at both time points, those with HIV lost more TB BMD (−0.070 [−0.031, −0.108], p = 0.001) than women without HIV (−0.036 [−0.015, −0.057], p = 0.001, interaction p = 0.049). Findings were consistent but weaker at the LS and TH. Menopause-related bone loss is greater in women with HIV, suggesting women with HIV may be at greater risk of osteoporotic fractures. HIV services should consider routine bone health assessment in midlife women as part of long-term HIV care delivery. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
The Clinical and Skeletal Effects of Long-Term Therapy of Hypoparathyroidism With rhPTH(1-84)
Authors: Agarwal Sanchita , McMahon Donald J. , Chen Juliet , Brossfield Aiden V. , Fernando Jason , Bilezikian John P. , Cusano Natalie E. , Rubin Mishaela R.
Published: February 2023

Hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) is a disorder characterized by hypocalcemia, low or absent parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, reduced bone remodeling, and high areal bone mineral density (aBMD). PTH is a therapeutic option, yet data on the prolonged clinical and skeletal effects of PTH treatment are limited. We tracked annual daily doses of calcium and active vitamin D supplements, calciotropic biochemistries, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and aBMD measurements in 27 HypoPT patients (16 postsurgical, 11 nonsurgical) who were treated with recombinant human PTH(1-84) [rhPTH(1-84)] for at least 8 (n = 27) and up to 12 (n = 14) years. We also performed high-resolution-peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) imaging and report results at baseline, 5, 8, and 12 years of rhPTH(1-84) treatment. With prolonged use of rhPTH, reductions in the need for supplemental calcium and active vitamin D were maintained. The eGFR did not decline. Serum calcium was maintained within the lower limit of the normal range. aBMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) showed an increase at the lumbar spine and a decrease at the distal 1/3 radius. By HRpQCT, cortical volumetric BMD (vBMD) at the tibia decreased at year 5: −20.0% ± 1.5%. The magnitude of this reduction was mitigated in year 8: −8.5% ± 1.6% and in year 12: −10.3% ± 2.2% but all were significantly below the mean baseline value (p < 0.001). A similar pattern of decline was observed at the radius. Cortical porosity progressively increased at the tibia in year 5: 17.4% ± 10% (p < 0.05), year 8: 55.2% ± 11% (p < 0.001), and year 12: 83.5% ± 14% (p < 0.001). A similar pattern of increase was observed at the radius. Failure load, which was higher than normal at baseline, decreased but remained above normal at year 12. This is the longest experience, to date, with PTH therapy in HypoPT. These results demonstrate sustained biochemical stability but overall decreases in bone mass. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Do ADHD Treatments Improve Executive Behavior Beyond Core ADHD Symptoms in Adults? Evidence From Systematic Analysis of Clinical Trials
Authors: Surman Craig B.H. , Walsh Daniel M.
Published: February 2023

We sought to understand the effect of current treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on executive functioning deficits, which are often comorbid with ADHD, via a systematic analysis of adult ADHD treatment studies evaluating change in behavioral measures beyond the core symptoms of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ADHD. The standardized mean difference for behavioral measures of executive functioning was determined from controlled trials of adults with ADHD and compared with effects on core ADHD symptoms. Several studies of atomoxetine revealed small to large standardized mean differences. Nonreplicated studies revealed small to medium effects for triple‐bead mixed amphetamine salts, lisdexamfetamine, and forms of cognitive behavioral therapy. Proportional effect versus core ADHD symptoms ranged from 0.78 to 1.16 for atomoxetine, and from 0.65 to 1.44 across all the studies. ADHD treatments have effects on executive functioning behavior beyond core ADHD symptoms in adults. Clinicians can measure and treat this morbidity using available clinical tools.
Clinical guideline highlights for the hospitalist: 2022 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Burroughs‐Ray Desirée C. , VanDillen Ariana F. , Jackson Christopher D.
Published: February 2023

GUIDELINE TITLE

2022 Guideline for the Management of Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association

RELEASE DATE

May 2022

PRIOR VERSION

Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association 2015

DEVELOPER

American Heart Association and American Stroke Association

FUNDING SOURCE

None

TARGET POPULATION

Adult Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
脂漏性角化症が侵入門戸と考えられた破傷風の1例(A case of tetanus in which the portal of entry was presumed to be seborrheic keratosis)
Authors: 詩乃 髙橋 , 加奈子 竹重 , 理夫 服部 , 雄二郎 濱野 , 泰 上條 , 浩 今村
Published: February 2023

87歳の男性が開口障害，嚥下困難のため経口摂取不能となり，他院に入院した。入院後から徐々に刺激による下肢の痙攣，筋緊張が出現し，気道閉塞による一過性の呼吸停止があり，当院へ転院搬送された。破傷風と診断し，破傷風トキソイド，破傷風免疫グロブリン，ペニシリンGを投与し，人工呼吸器管理および筋弛緩薬，鎮静薬，鎮痛薬，マグネシウム製剤などで全身管理を行った。明らかな外傷はなかったが，右前胸部の脂漏性角化症に浸出液を認めたため培養に提出したところ，Clostridium tetaniが検出され，腫瘤を切除した。経過は良好であり，気管切開孔を閉鎖し，リハビリ継続目的に転院した。脂漏性角化症が侵入門戸となって破傷風を発症した症例は，過去に報告されていない。破傷風は本邦では高齢者に多い疾患であり，高齢者には脂漏性角化症がほぼ必発である。また破傷風の治療においては，侵入門戸を検索し，必要があれば処置を行わなければならない。したがって，高齢者にごくありふれた疾患である脂漏性角化症が，Clostridium tetaniの侵入門戸となりうるということを，救急医が認識することは極めて重要と考える。
Improving Noninvasive Classification of Molecular Subtypes of Adult Gliomas With Diffusion‐Weighted MR Imaging: An Externally Validated Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Guo Yang , Ma Zeyu , Pei Dongling , Duan Wenchao , Guo Yu , Liu Zhongyi , Guan Fangzhan , Wang Zilong , Xing Aoqi , Guo Zhixuan , Luo Lin , Wang Weiwei , Yu Bin , Zhou Jinqiao , Ji Yuchen , Yan Dongming , Cheng Jingliang , Liu Xianzhi , Yan Jing , Zhang Zhenyu
Published: February 2023

Background

Genetic testing for molecular markers of gliomas sometimes is unavailable because of time‐consuming and expensive, even limited tumor specimens or nonsurgery cases.

Purpose

To train a three‐class radiomic model classifying three molecular subtypes including isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations and 1p/19q‐noncodeleted (IDHmut‐noncodel), IDH wild‐type (IDHwt), IDH‐mutant and 1p/19q‐codeleted (IDHmut‐codel) of adult gliomas and investigate whether radiomic features from diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) could bring additive value.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

A total of 755 patients including 111 IDHmut‐noncodel, 571 IDHwt, and 73 IDHmut‐codel cases were divided into training (n = 480) and internal validation set (n = 275); 139 patients including 21 IDHmut‐noncodel, 104 IDHwt, and 14 IDHmut‐codel cases were utilized as external validation set.

Field Strength/Sequence

A 1.5 T or 3.0 T/multiparametric MRI, including T1‐weighted (T1), T1‐weighted gadolinium contrast‐enhanced (T1c), T2‐weighted (T2), fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and DWI.

Assessment

The performance of multiparametric radiomic model (random‐forest model) using 22 selected features from T1, T2, FLAIR, T1c images and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, and conventional radiomic model using 20 selected features from T1, T2, FLAIR, and T1c images was assessed in internal and external validation sets by comparing probability values and actual incidence.

Statistical Tests

Mann–Whitney U test, Chi‐Squared test, Wilcoxon test, receiver operating curve (ROC), and area under the curve (AUC); DeLong analysis. P < 0.05 was statistically significant.

Results

The multiparametric radiomic model achieved AUC values for IDHmut‐noncodel, IDHwt, and IDHmut‐codel of 0.8181, 0.8524, and 0.8502 in internal validation set and 0.7571, 0.7779, and 0.7491 in external validation set, respectively. Multiparametric radiomic model showed significantly better diagnostic performance after DeLong analysis, especially in classifying IDHwt and IDHmut‐noncodel subtypes.

Data Conclusion

Radiomic features from DWI could bring additive value and improve the performance of conventional MRI‐based radiomic model for classifying the molecular subtypes especially IDHmut‐noncodel and IDHwt of adult gliomas.

Level of Evidence

3.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2.
Novel carbon nanotube field effect transistor based dual output second‐generation current conveyor: Design and applications
Authors: Jogad Seema , Loan Sajad A. , Afzal Neelofer
Published: February 2023

In this work, we propose, design and simulate a new configuration of Class AB dual output (DO) second‐generation current conveyor (DO‐CCII). Two versions of this new DO‐CCII configuration are proposed: one employing 32 nm technology‐based carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET) and the other employing the conventional complementary MOS (CMOS). The HSPICE simulation studies have been performed to evaluate key performance parameters like current and voltage gains, voltage and current bandwidths (BW), the port X and Y resistances, total harmonic distortion of both proposed DO‐CCII configurations. It has been seen that ~388× and ~215× improvement in current and voltage BWs respectively have been achieved in the proposed CNTFET based DO‐CCII (CNTFET‐DO‐CCII) configuration in comparison to its CMOS counterpart (CMOS‐DO‐CCII). Similarly, desired port X and Y resistances have resulted substantially in the CNTFET based DO‐CCII configuration. Further, to evaluate the performance of proposed DO‐CCIIs, some applications such as sinusoidal oscillator, integrator and differentiator have been simulated and compared. In the designed oscillators, the effect of temperature on oscillating frequency has also been studied. A temperature insensitive behavior has been seen in the CNTFET‐DO‐CCII for a wide frequency range. Furthermore, it has been found that the optimization of number of CNTs, CNT diameter and inter‐CNT pitch of CNTFETs improve the performance of the proposed DO‐CCII.
Grapevine red blotch virus alters grape skin cell‐wall composition impacting phenolic extractability during winemaking
Authors: Rumbaugh Arran , Medina‐Plaza Cristina , Sudarshana Mysore R. , Oberholster Anita
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) is the causal agent of grapevine red blotch disease and is known to delay grape ripening. However, grape cell‐wall modifications during GRBV infection are largely unknown, even though the cell wall plays a large role in pathogenicity, viral interactions with host plants, and phenolic extractability during winemaking. Understanding the impact of GRBV infection on cell‐wall metabolism is important for the development of potential mitigations strategies. In this study, high‐throughput transcriptome sequencing was conducted on Vitis vinifera L. ‘Merlot’ grapes during ripening. The cell‐wall composition, phenolic content, and phenolic extractability at two different commercial harvest points were also determined.

RESULTS

Log fold changes indicated a strong induction in diseased grapes at harvest of several transcripts involved in cell‐wall solubilization and degradation. However, these observations did not translate to changes in cell‐wall composition at either harvest point in diseased grapes, potentially suggesting post‐transcriptional regulation. Moderate induction of pectin methylesterase inhibitor transcripts and transcripts associated with pathogenesis‐related proteins coincided with increases in pectin and soluble proteins in cell walls of diseased grapes at harvest. Both pectin and pathogenesis‐related proteins are known to retain phenolic compounds during winemaking.

CONCLUSION

Our study corroborates this finding when the percentage extractability of flavonols in wines was significantly lower when made from GRBV‐infected fruit. These results suggest GRBV alters the grape cell walls, consequently decreasing phenolic extraction during winemaking. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Characteristics of Adults Undergoing Soft Tissue and Orthognathic Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Durr Megan , Darbinian Jeanne , Ramirez Kimberly , Swisher Austin R. , Block‐Wheeler Nikolas R.
Published: February 2023

Objective

To identify clinical and demographic characteristics of adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) undergoing soft tissue and orthognathic sleep surgery, assess temporal trends in surgery type and proportion of women undergoing surgery, and provide clinical perspective before wide‐spread implementation of hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS).

Methods

In a retrospective cohort study, adults diagnosed with OSA from 2009 to 2016 were identified in a large integrated healthcare system. Characteristics between cohort members who did and did not undergo sleep surgeries were compared. Multivariable logistic regression models examined associations of different characteristics with whether surgery was performed.

Results

Of 172,216 adults with OSA, 2,262 (1.3%) underwent sleep surgery during 2009–2017. The most common sleep surgery was palate surgery (56.9%), which decreased proportionately over time. In multivariable analysis, older age and obesity were associated with lower odds of undergoing surgery. Those who underwent tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy were more likely to have larger tonsils and not require additional surgery, whereas tongue reduction recipients were more likely to have severe OSA and require multiple surgery types. The proportion of women undergoing surgery increased over time (p < 0.001 from trend test).

Conclusion

Clinical and demographic characteristics associated with soft tissue and orthognathic sleep surgery were identified in a large adult cohort prior to widespread implementation of HGNS. An increase in sleep surgery among women and a decrease in palate surgery over time were observed. The findings provide clinical perspective on sleep surgery performed prior to implementation of HGNS and may inform future studies examining its associations with patient characteristics.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:1262–1270, 2023
“Smart” Stimuli‐responsive Injectable Gels for Bone Tissue Engineering Application
Authors: Li Hanke , Hao Zhuowen , Zhang Shuwei , Li Beihai , Wang Yi , Wu Xinxin , Hu Yingkun , Chen Renxin , Chen Tianhong , Li Jingfeng
Published: February 2023

Bone grafting, as the current gold‐standard for large scaled bone damage of various causes, has faced challenges from both the source and appliance. Emerging new tissue engineering substitutes are demonstrating more options and possibilities, with their improved biocompatibility, accessibility, and customizable function. Amongst them, injectable gels (IGs) are a class of gel material displaying astonishing non‐invasive properties and surgical viability. While possessing responsiveness toward specific stimuli, they change their physical form in vivo, thus serving as wonderful biomaterials and drug delivery systems. In this review, the mechanics of stimuli‐responsive IGs developed during the past decade are illustrated. Two branches of crosslinked gels – co‐valent and non‐covalent crosslinked IGs and their composition and customization are introduced. In conclusion, the present trend in bone tissue engineering research is summarized and made an outlook for future. It is hoped that this comprehensive review can provide a proper reference for the development of new IGs.
Massage therapy for children, adolescents, and young adults: Clinical delivery and effectiveness in hematology and oncology
Authors: Rodgers‐Melnick Samuel N. , Bartolovich Mandy , Desai Neha J. , Vasanna Smitha Hosahalli , Rivard Rachael L. , Owusu‐Ansah Amma , Ahuja Sanjay P. , Dusek Jeffery A. , Miller David W.
Published: February 2023

Background

Children, adolescents, and young adults with hematologic and/or oncologic conditions experience multiple, significant symptoms (e.g., pain, stress, and anxiety), which may be addressed by nonpharmacologic approaches such as massage therapy (MT). The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical delivery of MT provided by a certified pediatric massage therapist and assess effectiveness in two patient groups: those with sickle cell disease (SCD) or hematologic and/or oncologic conditions excluding SCD (HemOnc).

Methods

Investigators conducted a retrospective review of MT sessions provided to patients 0–39 years with hematologic and/or oncologic conditions at a large pediatric academic medical center.

Results

Between October 2019 and December 2021, 3015 MT sessions were provided to 243 patients (171 HemOnc; 72 SCD) and documented in the electronic health record. Patients (mean age: 12.21 ± 7.19 years) were generally White (49.4%) or Black/African American (43.2%), non‐Hispanic (94.2%), and 52.3% female. Patients in the SCD group (vs. patients in the HemOnc group) reported significantly higher (p < .05) pretreatment pain (6.95 vs. 4.46), stress (6.47 vs. 4.58), and anxiety (6.67 vs. 4.59). All patients reported clinically and statistically significant (p < .001) mean reductions in pain (−2.25 ± 1.87), stress (−2.50 ± 1.73), and anxiety (−2.52 ± 1.69), with patients in the HemOnc group reporting greater mean pain change (−2.54 vs. −1.87) than patients in the SCD group.

Conclusions

This study supports the clinical effectiveness of MT for addressing acute pain, stress, and anxiety among youth with hematologic and/or oncologic conditions. Future research is needed to identify optimal MT utilization.
Empirical study of factors that influence the perceived usefulness of online mental health community members
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Dexi , Wan Changxuan , Liang Zifang , Zhu Tingshao
Published: February 2023

Online mental health communities have become a major platform where individuals can talk about their mental health problems and obtain social support. This study aims to understand the antecedents of perceived usefulness among members in an online mental health community, while providing reference for the managers and users of online mental health communities. We obtained a total of 143,190 posts from ReachOut.com released by the CLPsych2017 shared task. Then, we used text mining to derive the independent and dependent variables. Next, a structural equation model observing the perceived usefulness of online mental health community members was constructed from the perspective of an information adoption model. The informativeness of help‐seeking posts had a significant positive relationship with the information quality of reply posts; the information quality of reply posts was a significant positive predictor of perceived usefulness, with the information quality of reply posts partially mediating the relationship between the informativeness of help‐seeking posts and perceived usefulness. The information provided by online mental health community members' help‐seeking posts and the quality of replies were found to be the factors that influenced perceived usefulness. This study highlights the importance of the information quality of reply posts and provides useful insights for administrators who can help users to improve their response quality and obtain the support they need.
Characteristics of psychiatric patients with hypokalemia after yokukansan administration: A retrospective study
Authors: Yasuda Kazuya , Takeda Ryuichiro , Ikeda Ryuji , Ishida Yasushi
Published: February 2023

Aim

Yokukansan is a Japanese herbal medicine used in psychiatry to treat behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and other psychiatric symptoms. However, the glycyrrhizic acid included in this medicine can cause pseudoaldosteronism and hypokalemia. We aimed to identify the risk factors for hypokalemia due to yokukansan.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients previously treated with yokukansan. The risk factors were determined by comparing the hypokalemia group with the non‐hypokalemia group for each parameter.

Results

This study included 304 patients who received yokukansan treatment between April 2009 and March 2019. We found that 17.4% (n = 53) of the patients experienced yokukansan‐induced hypokalemia. Risk factors detected as significantly different between patients with and without yokukansan‐associated hypokalemia were low serum potassium concentration before yokukansan administration, dose 7.5 g /day or more, and dementia. Hypokalemia occurred earlier in patients with low albumin, low potassium, and dementia.

Conclusion

It is necessary to pay attention to hypokalemia onset when administering yokukansan at 7.5 g or more to patients with low potassium levels and dementia. Our findings suggest that potassium levels must be checked early after yokukansan administration, especially in patients with low albumin, low potassium, and dementia.
HCN‐induced embryo arrest: passion fruit as an ecological trap for fruit flies
Authors: Yang Jing , Zheng Lixia , Liao Yonglin , Fu Yueguan , Zeng Dongqiang , Chen Wensheng , Wu Weijian
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Fruit flies are important economic pests of fruits, vegetables, and nuts all over the world. In this study, a permanent ecological trap, which was created by the ovicidal effect of phytogenic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) liberated from passion fruits due to oviposition by fruit flies and can be used in the pest management, were determined.

RESULTS

Observation of fruit fly eggs in Passiflora within the passion fruit cultivation region in southern China, from Aug 2019 to Oct 2020 showed that the exotic Passiflora attracted the native fruit flies to oviposit, but the eggs could not hatch. Using classical staging to categorize embryonic development and fumigation assays, we show that oviposition by fruit fly on passion fruits, release HCN from the cyanogenic mesocarp. Exposure of the eggs to HCN causes arrest of embryonic development and finally the death of eggs.

CONCLUSION

Our results reveal that the life cycle of fruit fly in Passiflora is interrupted at the egg stage. Consequently, we predict that this ecological trap may be permanent. Extensive cultivation of the Passiflora vine as a dead‐end trap crop may be an effective avenue to reduce populations of fruit fly pests. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Meso‐Hannokinol inhibits breast cancer bone metastasis via the ROS/JNK/ZEB1 axis
Authors: Zhu Yuan , Yin Wei‐feng , Yu Pei , Zhang Chao , Sun Ming‐hui , Kong Ling‐yi , Yang Lei
Published: February 2023

Distal metastases from breast cancer, especially bone metastases, are extremely common in the late stages of the disease and are associated with a poor prognosis. EMT is a biomarker of the early process of bone metastasis, and MMP‐9 and MMP‐13 are important osteoclastic activators. Previously, we found that meso‐Hannokinol (HA) could significantly inhibit EMT and MMP‐9 and MMP‐13 expressions in breast cancer cells. On this basis, we further explored the role of HA in breast cancer bone metastasis. In vivo, we established a breast cancer bone metastasis model by intracardially injecting breast cancer cells. Intraperitoneal injections of HA significantly reduced breast cancer cell metastasis to the leg bone in mice and osteolytic lesions caused by breast cancer. In vitro, HA inhibited the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and suppressed the expressions of EMT, MMP‐9, MMP‐13, and other osteoclastic activators. HA inhibited EMT and MMP‐9 by activating the ROS/JNK pathway as demonstrated by siJNK and SP600125 inhibition of JNK phosphorylation and NAC scavenging of ROS accumulation. Moreover, HA promoted bone formation and inhibited bone resorption in vitro. In conclusion, our findings suggest that HA may be an excellent candidate for treating breast cancer bone metastasis.
A novel approach to assess dynamic treatment regimes embedded in a SMART with an ordinal outcome
Authors: Ghosh Palash , Yan Xiaoxi , Chakraborty Bibhas
Published: February 2023

Sequential multiple assignment randomized trials (SMARTs) are used to construct data‐driven optimal intervention strategies for subjects based on their intervention and covariate histories in different branches of health and behavioral sciences where a sequence of interventions is given to a participant. Sequential intervention strategies are often called dynamic treatment regimes (DTR). In the existing literature, the majority of the analysis methodologies for SMART data assume a continuous primary outcome. However, ordinal outcomes are also quite common in clinical practice. In this work, first, we introduce the notion of generalized odds ratio () to compare two DTRs embedded in a SMART with an ordinal outcome and discuss some combinatorial properties of this measure. Next, we propose a likelihood‐based approach to estimate from SMART data, and derive the asymptotic properties of its estimate. We discuss alternative ways to estimate using concordant‐discordant pairs and two‐sample ‐statistic. We derive the required sample size formula for designing SMARTs with ordinal outcomes based on . A simulation study shows the performance of the estimated in terms of the estimated power corresponding to the derived sample size. The methodology is applied to analyze data from the SMART+ study, conducted in the UK, to improve carbohydrate periodization behavior in athletes using a menu planner mobile application, Hexis Performance. A freely available Shiny web app using R is provided to make the proposed methodology accessible to other researchers and practitioners.
A Signal Amplification Strategy Using ATP as a Co‐Reaction Accelerator for the Electrochemiluminescence of Ru(bpy)32+/HEPES System and Detection of Iodide Anions**
Authors: Xu Tingting , Xu Panpan , Xu Guilin , Liu Mengyao , Zhu Yinggui
Published: February 2023

Adenosine triphosphate is an important biological molecule that provides energy and substrate for various cellular biochemical processes,it's ubiquitous in our lives. In this work, a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor composed of Ru(bpy)32+, 2‐[4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)piperazin‐1‐yl] ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) and adenosine 5’‐triphosphate disodium salt (ATP) was developed for the first time. In this ECL system, Ru(bpy)32+ was used as the luminophore, HEPES buffer was served as the co‐reactant, and ATP was added to the system to amplify the luminous signal to investigate the ECL behavior. Through fluorescence spectroscopy, ECL spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry (CV), it can be hypothesized that the possible ECL mechanism is that ATP acts as an advanced co‐reaction promoter to accelerate the oxidation of HEPES to HEPES+⋅, more HEPES⋅ can be generated, which then reacts with oxidized Ru(bpy)33+ to emit stronger ECL signals. Subsequently, the influence of the ATP concentrations and the CV scanning speed was investaged. Moreover, it was observed that I− could quench the ECL intensity, the linear relationship range of I− concentration is from 10−3 to 10−6 m, the limit of detection is 3.7×10−8 m (signal/noise=3), therefore, a new, highly sensitive, and selective ECL approach for I− detection was created.
Presence of a Molecular Ligand alters the Solvent Behavior of an Ionic Liquid: A Combined Physicochemical Properties, FTIR Spectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering Investigation
Authors: Rout Alok , Mishra Satyabrata , Ramanathan Nagarajan
Published: February 2023

The physicochemical properties of an ionic liquid (IL) based extraction system depends on the type of cation and anion present and the type of extractant dissolved in it. In this paper, we have investigated the solvent behavior of a ionic liquid based system comprising of a diglycolamide based extractant: T2EHDGA (N,N,N’,N’‐tetra(2‐ethylhexyl) diglycolamide) dissolved in an imidazolium based ionic liquid: [C4mim][NTf2] (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide). The properties of IL systems such as dynamic viscosity (η) and density (ρ) were measured as a function concentration of T2EHDGA, nitric acid and the experimental temperature using a rolling ball viscosmeter and a U‐tube densitometer. Viscosity and density of IL phase increase and decrease respectively in the presence of ligand in it. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) results obtained by DLS spectrometer inferred the aggregation behavior of IL phase and the average aggregate size of IL increases in presence of T2EHDGA. The water uptake by IL phase upon acid equilibration inferred from FTIR spectroscopy specified a decrease in visocisty and density of the solvent. The evaluation of molecular volume (Vm) and standard entropy (So) offered higher values for T2EHDGA as compared to [C4mim][NTf2] whereas, the lattice potential energy (UPot) showed reverse trend. The refractive index (n) of T2EHDGA/IL mixture measured by a refractometer suggested the considerable changes in presence of T2EHDGA and nitric acid.
Introducing the Pluriverse of the Anthropocene: Toward an Ontological Politics of Environmental Governance in Indonesia
Authors: Mahaswa Rangga Kala , Kim Min Seong
Published: February 2023

This chapter introduces an idea that is gaining increasing prominence in discussions of the Anthropocene: the idea of the pluriverse. We argue that the very condition of the Anthropocene can serve as an opportunity to give serious consideration to the ontological thesis of the pluriverse, namely that there are manykindsof worlds, some of which may allow for “social” relations that are constituted by “more-than-human” beings. In the first part of the chapter, we draw from the literature on the pluriverse and studies of indigenous worlds that have appeared in the past decade to elaborate on the idea of the pluriverse, highlighting, in particular, the ethical motivation that underpins calls to recognize different kinds of worlds. In the second part of the chapter, we consider the implications of the pluriverse in Indonesia, particularly in relation to “adatrevivalism” and CSR practice. We suggest that an “ontological politics” toward the recognition and preservation of many kinds of worlds can be understood in Indonesia as a struggle to deepenBhinneka Tunggal Ika(Unity in Diversity), which the modern Indonesian state has long professed to be one of its foundational principles.
Semileptonic weak Hamiltonian to $$ \mathcal{O} $$(ααs) in momentum-space subtraction schemes
Authors: Gorbahn M. , Jäger S. , Moretti F. , van der Merwe E.
Published: February 2023

Abstract

The CKM unitarity precision test of the Standard Model requires a systematic treatment of electromagnetic and strong corrections for semi-leptonic decays. Electromagnetic corrections require the renormalization of a semileptonic four-fermion operator. In this work we calculate the $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(ααs) perturbative scheme conversion between the $$ \overline{\textrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

scheme and several momentum-space subtraction schemes, which can also be implemented on the lattice. We consider schemes defined by MOM and SMOM kinematics and emphasize the importance of the choice of projector for each case. The conventional projector, that has been used in the literature for MOM kinematics, generates QCD corrections to the conversion factor that do not vanish for α = 0 and which generate an artificial dependence on the lattice matching scale that would only disappear after summing all orders of perturbation theory. This can be traced to the violation of a Ward identity that holds in the α = 0 limit. We show how to remedy this by judicious choices of projector, and define two new schemes $$ \overline{\textrm{RI}} $$

RI
¯

-MOM and $$ \overline{\textrm{RI}} $$

RI
¯

-SMOM. We prove that the Wilson coefficients in the new schemes are free from pure QCD contributions, and find that the Wilson coefficients (and operator matrix elements) have greatly reduced scale dependence. Our choice of the $$ \overline{\textrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

scheme over the traditional W-mass scheme is motivated by the fact that, besides being more tractable at higher orders, unlike the latter it allows for a transparent separation of scales. We exploit this to obtain renormalization-group-improved leading-log and next-to-leading-log strong corrections to the electromagnetic contributions and study the (QED-induced) dependence on the lattice matching scale.
Poles at infinity in on-shell diagrams
Authors: Brown Taro V. , Oktem Umut , Trnka Jaroslav
Published: February 2023

Abstract

In this paper we study on-shell diagrams in 𝒩 < 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory. These are on-shell gauge invariant objects which appear as cuts of loop integrands in the context of generalized unitarity and serve as building blocks for amplitudes in recursion relations. In the dual formulation, they are associated with cells of the positive Grassmannian G+(k, n) and the on-shell functions can be reproduced as canonical differential forms. While for the case of the 𝒩 = 4 maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory all poles in on-shell diagrams correspond to IR poles when the momentum flows in edges are zero, for 𝒩 < 4 SYM theories there are new UV poles when the loop momenta go to infinity. These poles originate from the prefactor of the canonical dlog form and do not correspond to erasing edges in on-shell diagrams. We show that they can be interpreted as a diagrammatic operation which involves pinching a loop and performing a “non-planar twist” on external legs, which gives rise to a non-planar on-shell diagram. Our result provides an important clue on the role of poles at infinite momenta in on-shell scattering amplitudes, and the relation to non-planar on-shell functions.
Classifying the non-time-local and entangling dynamics of an open qubit system
Authors: Prudhoe Sean , Shandera Sarah
Published: February 2023

Abstract

We study families of dynamical maps generated from interactions with varying degrees of symmetry. For a family of time-independent Hamiltonians, we demonstrate the relationship between symmetry, strong-coupling, perfect entanglers, non-Markovian features, and non-time-locality. We show that by perturbing the initial environment state, effective time-local descriptions can be obtained that are non-singular yet capture essential non-unitary features of the reduced dynamics. We then consider a time-dependent Hamiltonian that changes the degree of symmetry by activating a dormant degree of freedom. In this example we find that the one-qubit reduced dynamics changes dramatically. These results can inform the construction of effective theories of open systems when the larger system dynamics is unknown.