bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE CRIME OF REBEL ACCORDING TO THE HANEFI SECT (Al-BAGY)
Authors: GENÇ Mustafa
Published: June 2020

İslâm hukukunda, hayatın dirlik ve düzen içinde devamı için özellikle korunması zarûrî olan bazı maslahatlar vardır. Bunlar can, nesil, akıl, mal ve dinin korunması olarak belirlenmiştir. Temel hak ve hürriyetlerin korunması, görevlerin
hakkıyla îfâsı bu maslahatların gözetilmesine bağlıdır. Bu koruma, görüp-gözetme işi bir emânettir ve devletin öncelikli görevidir. Bu sebeple devlet, bütün gücüyle seferber olur ve toplumun dirlik ve düzeninin bozulmasını önlemek
için gerekli her türlü tedbiri alır. Meşru devlet başkanına karşı isyân edenlerin konumu da dirlik ve düzeni bozucu çok önemli bir durumdur. Bu durum ise bir fıkıh terimi olarak “el-bağy” kavramıyla ifade edilen, siyasi birliğe
karşı, devlete, yöneticilere ve aslında halkın hepsine zarar verici bir suçtur. Bağy suçu, oluşum safhasında önlenemez de isyân başlarsa, bâğîlere/isyâncılara karşı mücadele bir cihaddır. Buna göre meşru devlet başkanının isyâncılara
karşı yardım çağrısına müsait olan Müslümanların icâbet etmesi farzdır. Ancak isyâncılar da Müslüman oldukları için isyânın esnasında ve sonrasında sorumluluk bilinciyle hareket etmek gerekir. Dolayısıyla isyâncılarla savaşmak
ve onları öldürmek helâl kabul edilmekle birlikte isyânı bastıracak ölçüde bir güç kullanılır. İsyan tamamen bastırıldıktan sonra ise, isyâncıların yaralılarına, esirlerine, aile fertlerine ve mallarına bu anlayışla muamele edilir.
Bu makalede bağy suçunun ve cezasının Hanefi mezhebine göre incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir.
Optimal batching plan of deoxidation alloying based on principal component analysis and linear programming
Authors: Zhao Zinan , Li Shijie , Li Shuaikang
Published: June 2020

As the market competition of steel mills is severe, deoxidization alloying is an important link in the metallurgical process. To solve this problem, principal component regression analysis is adopted to reduce the dimension of influencing factors, and a reasonable and reliable prediction model of element yield is established. Based on the constraint conditions such as target cost function constraint, yield constraint and non-negative constraint, linear programming is adopted to design the lowest cost batting scheme that meets the national standards and production requirements. The research results provide a reliable optimization model for the deoxidization and alloying process of steel mills, which is of positive significance for improving the market competitiveness of steel mills, reducing waste discharge and protecting the environment.
YONAR, Gönül (2019). Kıyamet Mitolojileri (Kurtla Kıyamete Kalmak). İstanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat. 270 s.
Authors: ALTAY Şeyda
Published: June 2020

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BİR BİYOGRAF OLARAK ALİ RIZA ÖNDER VE HAZIRLADIĞI BİYOGRAFİLER
Authors: GAYGUSUZ Hava , GÜZEL Cavit
Published: June 2020

Biyografiler, toplumda belli özellikleri ile ön plana çıkan kişiler hakkında derli toplu bilgiler edinebileceğimiz edebi bir türdür. Bu türde biyografisi hazırlanan kişilerin merak edilen yönleri hakkında bilgi sahibi olunabilir ya da yeni özellikleri keşfedilebilir. Bu çalışma 1918-1994 yılları arasında yaşamış hukukçu olan ancak halkbilimci ve dil bilimci kimliği ile de adından söz ettiren değerli kültür insanı Ali Rıza Önder’in biyograf vasfını tanıtmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada ilk olarak biyografi terimi ve Ali Rıza Önder hakkında kısa bilgi sunulacaktır. Ardından biyograf olarak nitelendirilebilecek çalışmalara imza atmış olan Önder’in çeşitli dergi ve gazetelerde yayımladığı arkeolog, dil bilimci, din âlimi, gazeteci, halk bilimci, halk ozanı, hukukçu, öğretmen, siyasetçi, şair ve ziraatçı gibi birçok farklı meslek grubuna mensup kırk yedi şahsiyetin biyografi çalışması tanıtılacak ve kronolojik sıra ile aktarılacaktır. Ali Rıza Önder’in biyografisini hazırlayacağı şahsiyeti seçiminde etkili olan hususların neler olabileceği tespit edilmeye çalışılarak hazırladığı biyografilerde ortaya koyduğu usul incelenecektir.
YARATICI ENDÜSTRİLERİ VE GİRİŞİMCİ ÜNİVERSİTELER İLİŞKİSİ: DİJİTAL OYUN SEKTÖRÜ ÜZERİNDEN BİR İNCELEME
Authors: KEPENEK Emek Barış
Published: June 2020

Yaratıcı endüstriler fikrinin temelinde yeni dünya düzeninde artık üretime dayalı bir ekonominin etkili olmadığını fark edilmesi, yerel kalkınma için yeni model arayışı ve bunun içinde yaratıcılık, yenilik ve nitelikli insan kaynağı fikirleri yatar. Teknolojinin hızlı gelişimiyle de büyümeye başlayan “yaratıcı endüstriler” konusu toplumların gelişmesinde daha fazla yer edinecektir.

Yeni ekonomik dönüşümler, işgücü yapısında yeni gereklilikleri beraberinde getirmiş, işgücünü yetiştiren kurumları da tartışılmaya başlamıştır. Yaratıcı işgücü eğitiminin, yeni istihdam koşullarına ve beklentilere karşılık vermede yetersiz olduğu ortaya konmuştur.

Bu bağlamda üniversiteler özellikle teknolojinin ve çalışma pratiklerinin hızla değiştiği alanlarda nitelikli iş gücü temin etme ve mezunlarına, iş kurmanın başlangıç aşamalarında (girişimcilik) destek ve imkân sağlama bakımından hayati rol oynuyorlar. Bu nedenle yaratıcı endüstri kavramı, son yıllarda üniversitelerin değişen rolü ve “girişimci üniversite” kavramı üzerinden tartışılacaktır. Yaratıcı endüstrilerin en hızlı büyüyen kollarından biri olan dijital oyun sektörü ve Türkiye üniversitelerindeki durumu da örnek vaka olarak kullanılmıştır. Buna ek olarak tartışılan ilişkinin geliştirilmesi için politika önerileri geliştirilmiştir.
PERANCANGAN PERANGKAT LUNAK ENKRIPSI SMS MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA RC6 DAN RIJNDAEL PADA SMARTPHONE
Authors: Kristianto Benny Djoede , Gat Gat , Syarifudin Gusti
Published: June 2020

Sending text messages is done on a smartphone device is basically the text message delivery without doing a safeguard against the content of the messages sent, so that when it is done tapping against the Groove pengirimanya then intercepted text messages can be directly read by the tappers. For that it needs the software as a specific encoding method support so that the message sent is secure. This research uses the form of research studies, literature research method using Research & Development (R & D). As for the technique of data collection using the study documentation and observation to acquire the theory and algorithm rijndael rc6 algorithm. While the method of software design using Rapid Application Development (RAD). The design of software using the java programming language. The results of this design generates a software named "Sms Encryption". Encryption software sms using the rc6 algorithm and rijndael has been executed and in accordance with the expected user. With the software, the confidentiality and authenticity of the information in the form of a text message will be more awake.
Continuing Medical Education, Professional Development, and Requirements for Medical Licensure: A White Paper of the Conjoint Committee on Continuing Medical Education
Authors: Miller Stephen H. , Thompson James N. , Mazmanian Paul E. , Aparicio Alejandro , Davis David A. , Spivey Bruce E. , Kahn Norman B.
Published: June 2020

To provide the best care to patients, a physician must commit to lifelong learning, but continuing education and evaluation systems in the United States typically require little more than records of attendance for professional association memberships, hospital staff privileges, or reregistration of a medical license. While 61 of 68 medical and osteopathic licensing boards mandate that physicians participate in certain numbers of hours of continuing medical education (CME), 17 of them require physicians to participate in legislatively mandated topics that may have little to do with the types of patients seen by the applicant physician. Required CME should evolve from counting hours of CME participation to recognizing physician achievement in knowledge, competence and performance. State medical boards should require valid and reliable assessment of physicians' learning needs and collaborate with physician and CME communities to assure that legislatively mandated CME achieves maximal benefit for physicians and patients. To ensure the discovery and use of best practices for continuing professional development and for maintenance of competence, research in CME and physician assessment should be raised as a national priority.
EXTRACTION OF LANTHANUM AND CERIUM FROM A BASTNASITE ORE BY DIRECT ACIDIC LEACHING
Authors: Kursunoglu Sait , Top Soner , Hussaini Shokrullah , Gokcen Hasan Serkan , Altiner Mahmut , Ozsarac Safak , Kaya Muammer
Published: June 2020

The extraction of lanthanum (La) and cerium (Ce) from a bastnasite ore by direct acidic leaching
was investigated. The effects of acid concentration and leaching temperature on the extraction of
La and Ce from the ore were tested. Using nitric (NHO3), more than 85% of the La and Ce were
simultaneously extracted into leach solution whereas the La and Ce dissolutions were determined
as less than 85% by using sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The La dissolution exceeded 90% by using
hydrochloric acid (HCl); however, the Ce dissolution remained below 85% under the following
conditions: solid-to-liquid ratio of 20% (w/v), the acid concentration of 20%, leaching temperature
of 25 °C and leaching time of 1 h. The result revealed that HNO3 could be used as a solvent for
the maximum simultaneous extraction of the La and Ce from the bastnasite ore. The leaching
temperature had no crucial effect on the dissolution of La and Ce when HNO3 or HCl solutions
were preferred as a solvating agent. However, the leaching temperature had a slight positive effect
on the dissolutions of La and Ce when H2SO4 was used as a solvent.
NİĞDE YÖRESİ KIRMATAŞ OCAKLARINDA KAYAÇLARIN FİZİKSEL VE MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN HİDROLİK KIRICI PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ
Authors: Sarı Mehmet , Yılmaz Tevhit , Çomaklı Ramazan
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, Niğde ilinde faaliyet gösteren yedi farklı kırmataş ocağında delme-patlatma sonrası
oluşan yığındaki iri blokların (patar) ufaltılmasında kullanılan hidrolik kırıcıların performansına
kayaçların fiziksel ve mekanik özelliklerinin etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, yığın malzemesi
parçacık boyutlarının belirlenmesi için görüntü işleme yöntemi kullanılarak boyut analizleri yapılmıştır.
Daha sonra bu malzemenin içerisinde bulunan patarların hidrolik kırıcılar ile ikinci bir kırma işlemine
tabi tutulması esnasında hidrolik kırıcıların net çalışma süreleri ve kırma hızları belirlenmiştir. Bu
çalışma kapsamında ziyaret edilen kırmataş ocaklarında benzer özelliklere sahip hidrolik kırıcılar
kullanılmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, basit regresyon yöntemi kullanılarak kayaçların fiziksel ve mekanik
özellikleri ile hidrolik kırıcı net üretim miktarları arasındaki doğrusal ilişkiler araştırılabilmiştir. Buna
göre, iki değişken arasında farklı düzeylerde anlamlı doğrusal ve ters yönlü ilişkiler bulunmuştur.
Ayrıca çalışmanın sonunda, bütün değişkenlerin dâhil edildiği çoklu regresyon analizi ile hidrolik
kırıcının anlık üretim performansını önceden kestirecek bir model geliştirilmiştir.
Analysis of Design Parameters of a Novel Modified Reciprocating Mechanism
Authors: ARABACI Emre
Published: June 2020

In this study, displacement, velocity and acceleration equations were obtained for the mechanism created by modifying the long-stroke reciprocating mechanism. Thus, a novel mechanism has been created. In addition, the effects of the design parameters were examined and the results obtained were compared with the conventional crank-connecting rod mechanism. While the crank radius (r) and connecting rod length (L), which are the main design parameters of the conventional crank-connecting rod mechanism, are fixed, the design parameters of the novel mechanism are changed and the effects of these design parameters on the velocity and acceleration characteristics are examined. For the novel mechanism, the ratio of the inner gear radius to the pinion gear radius (r2/r1=k) and the ratio of the output gear radius to the pinion gear radius (r0/r1=m) are determined as the basic design parameters. Accordingly, by decreasing k and increasing m, it was seen that the connecting rod angle, mean piston velocity, and mean piston acceleration were decreased. The correct choice of k and m shows that the novel mecha-nism can be made more advantageous compared to the conventional crank-connecting rod mechanism. The results are predicted to be promising for engine designers.
Four Way Safety Valve Tester Design for Heavy Vehicle Brake Systems
Authors: ÖZÇELİK Ahmet , ÖRS İlker
Published: June 2020

In our country, tractors are required to undergo a periodic physical ex-amination every three years after the first three years, cars and motorcy-cles every two years after the first three years, and heavy and light com-mercial vehicles every year after the first one. In the physical examina-tions of vehicles, vehicle description, lighting system, brake system, steering system, superstructure, etc. many systems and parts are checked. Although the vehicles use braking systems of various types and different technologies, the main purpose is to provide safe, slow driving and stop-ping of vehicles in traffic. Air braking systems are used in vehicles with heavy loads carrying cargo and passengers. In the event of any leakage that may occur in the brake system during the cruise, the part called Four-way Safety Valve is used in order to eliminate the possibility of the air tanks emptying and the vehicle to be left without brakes. Its task is to prevent the parking brake, front axle and rear axle brakes from being stored in separate air tanks and preventing the leak line from affecting solid lines in the event of an air leak. Air brake system Four-way safety valve test is carried out during the physical examination of vehicles. In this study, it is aimed to automate the manual safety valve test using a microcontroller card, solenoid valve, pressure transmitter and PC soft-ware. Thanks to the test device and software to be developed, it will be ensured to eliminate non-ergonomic movements performed by the tech-nician during the test, increase the reliability of the test and eliminate the environmental polluting elements during the test.
Exploring the Impacts of an Early Childhood Educational Intervention on Later School Selection
Authors: Watts Tyler , Ibrahim Deanna , Khader Alaa , Li Chen , Gandhi Jill , Raver Cybele
Published: June 2020

In the current article, we examine the long-run school selection patterns of children randomly assigned to the Chicago School Readiness Project, an early childhood educational (ECE) intervention that aimed to improve the quality of Head Start classrooms serving low-income communities. Analyses suggest that adolescents who participated in the program were more likely to opt out of their assigned neighborhood school and attend schools with better indicators of academic performance. Further analyses suggested that these selection patterns began in elementary school, although elementary school quality explained only a small portion of the effect on high school selection. Results suggest that intensive ECE interventions could have lasting effects on children’s patterns of selection into later educational environments.
Morfología palinológica y viabilidad en especies de Canna L. (Cannaceae- Zingiberales) e híbridos relacionados
Authors: Ciciarelli María de las Mercedes , Passarelli Lilian M.
Published: June 2020

Introducción  y  objetivos: Los cultivares de Canna resultaron de la hibridación intensiva de cinco especies americanas diploides: C. flaccida Salsb., C. glauca L., C. indica L, C. iridiflora Ruiz et Pav. y C. warscewiczii A. Dietr. Se estudia por primera vez la morfología palinológica y la viabilidad del polen de tres híbridos triploides pertenecientes a la notoespecie C. x generalis y de tres especies parentales: C. glauca, C. indica y C. warscewizii, que crecen en Argentina. El objetivo es aportar información sobre la hibridización y la evolución artificial del género Canna mediante un estudio de la morfología palinológica y la viabilidad del polen.

M&M: Los granos de polen de flores frescas se observaron con microscopio óptico siguiendo la técnica de Wodehouse. La observación de la esporodermis y de las espinas se realizó con un microscopio electrónico de barrido, en tanto que la viabilidad del polen se estudió mediante la técnica de MTT (Rodriguez-Riano & Dafni, 2000). 

Resultados: Los caracteres morfológicos observados indicaron diferencias significativas. En las especies silvestres, la forma y el tamaño de los granos es regular al igual que el tamaño, morfología, distribución y densidad de las espinas. En los híbridos, los caracteres mencionados resultan irregulares, con importantes diferencias en el tamaño y con una densidad de espinas 2-3 veces mayor que la del polen perteneciente a las especies parentales. 

Conclusiones: Los resultados de la viabilidad del polen se correlacionan con la presencia y la ausencia de semillas.
Combustibles leñosos empleados en la localidad de Antofagasta de la Sierra (Catamarca, Argentina)
Authors: Aguirre María Gabriela
Published: June 2020

Introducción y objetivos: La etnobotánica brinda importantes herramientas conceptuales y metodológicas utilizadas por la arqueobotánica y la antracología al momento de inferir los posibles usos que tuvieron ciertas especies vegetales en el seno de un grupo humano del pasado y de los cuales solo han perdurado hasta el presente sus vestigios arqueológicos. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar la relación existente entre los pobladores actuales de Antofagasta de la Sierra (Catamarca, Argentina) y las especies vegetales combustibles mediante el estudio de las prácticas pre y post-colecta vinculadas con dichas plantas. Se pretende además, generar un corpus de datos etnobotánicos que pueda emplearse al momento de interpretar los datos obtenidos durante el análisis de restos de carbón arqueológico de especies puneñas. M&M: Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas en la localidad.

Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos señalan 16 taxa (locales y exóticos para el área) usados como combustibles en distintas esferas de la vida cotidiana (cocción de alimentos, calefacción, tecnología y ritualidad).

Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos son similares a otros registrados en localidades andinas y reflejan las decisiones individuales y grupales al momento de usar los combustibles leñosos. El creciente uso de carbón de leña exótica estaría promoviendo un cambio de hábitos con respecto a las leñas locales. La articulación de datos antracológicos y etnobotánicos permitió vislumbrar la continuidad en el uso de ciertos taxa a lo largo del tiempo.
Sağlık Çalışanları Arasında Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı: İki Boyutlu Benlik Saygısının Rolü
Authors: BALCI Şükrü , KARAKOÇ Enderhan , ÖĞÜT Nesrin
Published: June 2020

Sosyal medya, günümüzde önemi ve kullanımı gittikçe artan iletişim araçlarından birisidir. Bilgiye ulaşma, etkileşim, eğlence, kişisel sunum ve farklı kimlik oluşturma gibi yönlerden insan hayatını kolaylaştıran bu araçların aşırı ve gereksiz kullanımı beraberinde bağımlılık risklerine neden olabilmektedir. Sosyal medya bağımlılığı üzerinde kullanım örüntülerinin yanında, çeşitli psikolojik değişkenler de etkili olabilmektedir. Bu araştırma benlik saygısı ile sosyal medya bağımlılığı arasındaki ilişkiyi konu almaktadır. Saha araştırması yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmada veriler, Konya merkezdeki 400 sağlık çalışanından yüz yüze anket tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları katılımcıların orta düzeyin altında sosyal medya bağımlılığı taşıdıklarını göstermektedir. Sağlık çalışanlarının cinsiyetine göre sosyal medya bağımlılığı farklılaşmamaktadır. Yaş arttıkça bağımlılık azalmaktadır. Günlük sosyal medya kullanım süresindeki artış, bağımlılık riskini artırmaktadır. Sosyal medya bağımlılığı ile benlik saygısı arasında negatif yönde anlamlı ilişki bulunmaktadır. Araştırmaya katılan sağlık çalışanlarının yaptığı işi yeterli görme, kendinle barışık olma, kendini değerli görme ve memnun olma, kendi kişisel değerini önemseme, kendini birçok konuda yetenekli ve başarılı bulma düzeyi arttıkça, sosyal medya bağımlılığında bir azalma yaşanmaktadır. Sonuçlar, Öz Yeterlilik alt boyutunun, sosyal medya bağımlılığının, negatif yönde anlamlı belirleyicisi olduğuna işaret etmektedir.
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Merkez Bankası Finansal Kriz İletişim Stratejileri
Authors: BOZKURT Hale
Published: June 2020

Global finansal istikrarı etkileyen merkez bankaları para politikası açıklamalarından etkilenen en büyük hedef kitle tüketicilerdir. Tüketicilerin ekonomiye olan güvenleri, merkez bankaları politikalarında belirleyicidir. Merkez bankaları tüketici güvenini, anket çalışmasından oluşan, “Tüketici Güven Endeks-TGE” ile düzenli olarak ölçmektedir.Bu çalışmada, 2011 Avrupa borç krizi esnasında, TGE’nin azaldığı ve arttığı dönemlerde Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Merkez Bankası (TCMB)’nın kullandığı kriz iletişim stratejileri,Durumsal Kriz İletişim Teorisi’ne, (Coombs, 2007) göre içerik analiziyle karşılaştırılmıştır.TCMB’nin kullandığı kriz iletişim stratejileri, kullanılma sıklığına göre; Kriz Engelleyici Eylemleri Bildirme, Kurumun Geçmişte ve Şimdi Yaptığı Güzel İşleri Hatırlatma, HasarıAz Gösterme, Başkasını Suçlama ve Kendisinin de Kriz Mağduru Olduğunu Söyleme’dir
Sütçü İneklerde Subklinik Mastitislerde Meme İçi Ozon Tedavisinin İyileştirici Etkisi
Authors: Dolğun İbrahim , Sarıbay Mustafa Kemal , Tek Erhan
Published: June 2020

Çalışmada subklinik mastitis teşhisi konulan ineklerde ozon gazı tedavisinin iyileştirici etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Çalışmanın materyalini laktasyondaki 20 baş ineğe ait 24 adet subklinik mastitisli meme lobu oluşturdu. Subklinik mastitisli hayvanların tespiti amacıyla, her ineğin dört meme lobundan ayrı ayrı alınan süt örneklerine CMT uygulandı ve CMT pozitif reaksiyon veren ineklerden bakteriyolojik muayene amacıyla numune alındı. İnekler iki gruba ayrıldı, ilk gruba (Grup I, n=10) 3 gün süresince ve 24 saat ara ile antimastit preparatı (Tetra delta LC®, Pfizer) meme içi yolla uygulandı. İkinci gruba (Grup II, n=10) ozon jenaratöründen (Genozon®) 6 mg/lt ozon hesabıyla, 1-5 lt arası ozon/oksijen gazı, 1 lt/dk hesabıyla 3 gün uygulandı. Grup I’de süt örneklerinde üreyen bakterilerin 9 adet Koagulaz Negatif Staphylococcus spp. (KNS) (%75), 2 adet Staphylococcus aureus (%16.67) ve 1 adet KNS + Staphylococcus aureus (%8.33) olduğu görüldü. Tedavi sonrası bakteriyolojik iyileşme oranları sırasıyla %77.77 (7/9), %50 (1/2) ve %100 (1/1) olarak saptandı. Grup II’de süt örneklerinde üreyen bakteriler, 5 adet (%41.66) KNS, 2 adet Staphylococcus aureus (%16.67), 2 adet (%16.67) Streptococcus spp. ve 3 adet KNS+Streptecoccus spp. olarak tespit edildi. Bakteriyolojik iyileşme oranları sırasıyla %100 (5/5), %100 (2/2), %0 (0/2) ve % 0 (0/3) olarak saptandı. Grup I ve Grup II’nin toplamda bakteriyolojik iyileşme oranları ise sırasıyla %75 (9/12), %58.33 (7/12) olarak belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, meme içi ozon gazı uygulamasının KNS ve Staphylococcus aureus’dan kaynaklanan subklinik mastitislerin tedavisinde oldukça etkin olduğu ve antibiyotiklere alternatif olabileceği, Streptecoccus spp. kaynaklı subklinik mastitlerde ise iyileştirici etkisinin olmadığı kanısına varıldı.
Düvelerde Gebeliğin Son Döneminde Vitamin E ve Selenyum Uygulamalarının Postpartum Dönem Problemleri Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Kocaarslan Feyyaz , Çetin Hayrettin
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada düvelerde prepartum dönemde yapılan vitamin E ve Se enjeksiyonunun postpartum dönemde görülenretensiyo sekundinarum, puerperal akut metritis, puerperal mastitis ve postpartum östrüs görülme oranı üzerine etkisininaraştırılması amaçlandı. Çalışma materyalini, İzmir ilinde özel bir damızlık süt sığırı işletmesinde bulunan 22-26 aylık yaşta,104 damızlık holstein ırkı düve oluşturdu. Materyal olarak seçilen düveler 2 gruba ayrıldı. Uygulama grubundaki hayvanlara(Grup 1, n=52), beklenen doğum tarihinden 10 gün önce vitamin E ve Se içeren preperat 15 ml intramuskuler olarak enjekteedildi. Kontrol grubu hayvanlara (Grup 2, n=52) ise 5 ml izotonik NaCl enjekte edildi. Çalışma sonucunda uygulama grubudüvelerin 3’ünde (%5.8) retensiyo sekundinarum tespit edilirken, kontrol grubunda ise 10 düvede (%19.2) retensiyosekundinarum tespit edildi. Klinik metritis oranları kontrol grubunda %42.3 (n=22) uygulama grubuna %23.1 (n=12) göreistatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde yüksek olduğu belirlendi. Doğum sonrası mastitis gösterenlerin sayısı uygulama grubunda12 (%23.1), kontrol grubunda 7 (%13.5) olduğu ve farkın istatistiksel olarak önemsiz olduğu tespit edildi. Postpartum 45 güniçinde östrüs gösteren düvelerin sayısı da uygulama ve kontrol gruplarında sırasıyla 17 (%32.7) ve 18 (%34.6) olarakbulundu, farkın istatistiki olarak önemsiz olduğu belirlendi. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda; yapılan uygulamanın retensiyosekundinarum ve puerperal metritis olgularının oranını düşürdüğü, buna karşın puerperal mastitis ve pospartum östrüsgörülme oranına herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı kanısına varıldı.
Can ChAdOx1, a replication-deficient adenoviral (Ad) vector used to deliver SARS-Cov2 spike protein as a vaccine, recombine with the homologous human Ad to generate a novel Ad+Spike virus?
Authors: Chakraborty Sandeep
Published: June 2020

The development of a vaccine for Covid19 is being expedited [1]. The underlying technology for the vaccines are varied: ‘nucleic acid (DNA and RNA), virus-like particle, peptide, viral vector (replicating and non- replicating), recombinant protein, live attenuated virus and inactivated virus’ [2]. Among these, ChAdOx1, a genetically modified, weakened version of a common cold virus (adenovirus) is now in human clinical trials [3]. The ChAd vector (Chimpanzee adenovirus) was introduced in 2012 Chimpanzee adenovirus Y25 [4]. A large proportion of human adults possess significant titres of neutralising antibodies to human Adv, hence the requirement for a different adenovirus. The deletion of a single transcriptional unit, E1, ensures these viruses cant replicate. Other genes like the E3 region may also be deleted. Now, in the Covid19 vaccine ChAdOx1, the spike protein gene from MERS-CoV strain Camel/Qatar/2/2014 ‘was inserted into the E1 locus of a genomic clone of ChAdOx1 using site-specific recombination’ [5].One of the theories about the genesis of SARS-Cov2 is recombination with coronaviruses from pan- golins [6]. Whether or not it happened in SARS-Cov2, there is no denying that such recombinations do happen.How do we know that the spike protein wont be inserted into a human adenovirus using recombination?Human adenovirus shares 95% homology to ChAd. The spike protein may be inserted after the E1 protein in a viable human virus. What will happen after that to the virus is anyone’s guess. Note, that there is precedence for such recombinant adenoviruses - using ‘ping-pong” zoonosis and anthroponosis’, where the genome of a promiscuous pathogen is ‘embedded with evidence of unprecedented multiple, multidirectional, stable, and reciprocal cross-species infections of hosts from three species (human, chimpanzee, and bonobo)’ [7].Another critique - co-stimulation in host cellsA spike protein from SARS-Cov2, which is supposed to bind to ACE2 and CD147 [8], has been inserted in an adenovirus. The adenovirus has its own host-cell receptor preferences [9] - what will be the consequences of co-stimulation in those cells in which both these receptors are expressed?
Can Self-Replicating Species Flourish in the Interior of a Star?
Authors: Anchordoqui Luis , Chudnovsky Eugene M.
Published: June 2020

The existing view of biological life is that it evolves under suitable conditions in the low-temperature world of atoms and molecules on the surface of a planet. It is believed that any plausible extraterrestrial form of life must resemble the life on Earth that is ruled by biochemistry of nucleic acids, proteins, and sugars. Going against this dogma, we argue that an advanced form of life based upon short-lived species can exist inside main-sequence stars like our Sun.
If-then planning, self-control, and boredom as predictors of adherence to social distancing guidelines: Evidence from a two-wave longitudinal study with a behavioral intervention
Authors: Bieleke Maik , Martarelli Corinna , Wolff Wanja
Published: June 2020

Objectives: In the wake of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), social distancing is instrumental for containing the pandemic. To maximize its effectiveness, it is paramount to investigate psychological factors that predict adherence to social distancing guidelines and examine corresponding interventions. We focused on individual differences in if-then planning, self-control, and boredom, and tested an intervention based on if-then planning. Design: We conducted a two-wave longitudinal study combining observational and experimental methods. Methods: Participants (N = 574, 35.7% female, age: M = 37.5 years, SD = 10.8) reported their adherence to social distancing guidelines and the perceived difficulty of adherence at T1, along with trait measures of if-then planning, self-control, and boredom. Afterwards, they were randomly assigned to an if-then planning intervention to increase adherence, or to a control intervention. One week later at T2, participants again reported their adherence and the perceived difficulty of adhering. Multiple regression and structural equation modeling were used to establish whether trait if-then planning, self-control, and boredom predicted adherence, and to examine the effects of the if-then planning intervention. Results: Trait if-then planning, self-control, and boredom were associated with T1 adherence, while only if-then planning and boredom predicted T2 adherence. No overall treatment effect of the if-then planning intervention emerged; however, participants who complied with the intervention (75.6%) maintained higher levels of adherence over time than control participants. Conclusions: Individual differences in if-then planning, self-control, and boredom predict adherence to social distancing guidelines. If-then planning interventions are promising but require further steps to ascertain compliance.
The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure demonstrates poor internal consistency and test-retest reliability: A meta-analysis
Authors: Hussey Ian , Drake Chad E.
Published: June 2020

Evidence for the IRAP’s reliability and validity is mixed, with one meta-analysis concluding it has good criterion validity and potential for clinical assessment, and two others concluding that it demonstrates low reliability. Here, we extend this evidence based through meta-analyses of all published and unpublished studies conducted in two labs. Individual participant data was used to estimate both internal consistency and test-retest reliability across a large number of domains (k = 16) and participants (N = 1576). Results suggest that internal consistency is poor (α = .51, 95% CI [.46, .56]) and test-retest reliability is very poor (ICC = .20, 95% CI [.05, .34]). We conclude that researchers should be very cautious about choosing to employ the IRAP or when interpreting its results.
Loneliness in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional results from The COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study
Authors: Groarke Jenny , Berry Emma , Graham-Wisener Lisa , McKenna-Plumley Phoebe , McGlinchey Emily , Armour Cherie
Published: June 2020

Objectives: Loneliness is a significant public health issue. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in lockdown measures limiting social contact. The UK public are worried about the impact of these measures on mental health outcomes. Understanding the prevalence and predictors of loneliness at this time is a priority issue for research. Design: The study employed a cross-sectional online survey design. Method: Baseline data collected between March 23rd and April 24th 2020 from UK adults in the COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study were analysed (N = 1963, 18-87 years, M = 37.11, SD = 12.86, 70% female). Logistic regression analysis was used to look at the influence of sociodemographic, social, health and COVID-19 specific factors on loneliness. Results: The prevalence of loneliness was 27% (530/1963). Risk factors for loneliness were younger age group (OR: 4.67 – 5.31), being separated or divorced (OR: 2.29), meeting clinical criteria for major depression (OR: 1.74), greater emotion regulation difficulties (OR: 1.04), and poor quality sleep due to the COVID-19 crisis (OR: 1.30). Higher levels of social support (OR: 0.92), being married/co-habiting (OR: 0.35) and living with a great number of adults (OR: 0.87) were protective factors. Conclusions: Rates of loneliness during the initial phase of lockdown were high. Risk factors were not specific to the COVID-19 crisis. Findings suggest that supportive interventions to reduce loneliness should prioritise younger people and those with mental health symptoms. Improving emotion regulation and sleep quality may be optimal initial targets to reduce the impact of COVID-19 regulations on mental health outcomes.
Right Place, Wrong Time: The limitations of mental reinstatement of context on alibi-elicitation
Authors: Cardenas Stephanie Aurora , Crozier William Edward , Strange Deryn
Published: June 2020

Although research has focused on how inconsistencies in alibi statements are perceived by law enforcement and legal decision-makers, less attention has been paid to the cognitive factors that may mitigate such inconsistencies. Using a novel, ecologically-valid paradigm, across two experiments (507 events for N=134), we examined the accuracy, level of detail, and memory characteristics of participant-generated alibis for schema-consistent and -inconsistent events, and whether mental reinstatement of context (MRC) led to improved alibis compared to time-cueing. Participants reported their typical weekly activities, provided real-time reports of their activities during a two-week period, and reported participant-specific schema-consistent and -inconsistent events using time-cues and MRC. Our results suggest schema-consistent events are reported more accurately than inconsistent events, and that MRC does not improve alibi accuracy over time-cueing. When reporting atypical events, participants provided alibis by reporting what they thought they would normally be doing during that time. Together, these findings quantify how difficult remembering an alibi can be, reinforce that people often rely on schemas, and that mnemonic strategies to increase alibi accuracy are likely to fail, even if they work in other domains. We discuss how the current research adds to recent work on boundary conditions for the efficacy of MRC.
Is this phishing? Older age is associated with greater difficulty discriminating between safe and fraudulent emails
Authors: Grilli Matthew D. , McVeigh Katelyn S. , Hakim Ziad M. , Wank Aubrey , Getz Sarah J. , Levin Bonnie , Ebner Natalie C. , Wilson Robert C
Published: June 2020

As our social worlds become increasingly digitally connected, so too has concern about older adults falling victim to so-called “phishing” emails, which attempt to deceive a person into identity theft and fraud. In 65 cognitively normal middle-aged to older adults, we investigated whether older age was associated with reduced accuracy in judging the suspiciousness of phishing and genuine emails that commonly populate an inbox, using a novel laboratory task with established ecological validity, combined with computational modeling. We found that older age was related to a suboptimal shift in the discrimination of safe from malicious emails. Lower episodic memory and increased genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease also contributed to higher risk profiles. These findings suggest that among cognitively normal middle-aged and older adults, older age, lower cognition, and increased Alzheimer’s genetic risk may elevate a person’s susceptibility to online fraud because of difficulty detecting phishing emails.
Symbol Systems and Social Structures
Authors: Leschziner Vanina , Brett Gordon
Published: June 2020

Symbol systems and social structures are prominent concepts with long historical legacies in the social sciences. This chapter traces how symbol systems and social structures have been theorized independently of each other in the social sciences during the 20th century, before elaborating the ways in which sociologists have theorized the relationship between the two. Marx, Weber, and Simmel offered important ideas about this relationship, but Durkheim’s account of the social origins of mental structures provides the most direct and elaborated theory about the relationship between mental and social structures within the classical sociological period. Subsequently, we trace Durkheim’s legacy through three contemporary perspectives: field theory, neo-institutionalism, and culture and cognition. While maintaining analytical continuity with the Durkheimian tradition, these perspectives also represent new theoretical, analytical, and methodological advances in locating and specifying correspondences between symbol systems and social structures. Nevertheless, we find that pressing questions remain pertaining to how symbol systems and social structures interrelate, and how exactly this relationship shapes both cognition and action.
Impacts Of Buddhism in Nepalese Dairy Co-Operatives On Economic Development
Authors: Acharya Sushma
Published: June 2020

With the kindness, getting milk from animals by natural process with love and care with virtues such as right view, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness and right concentration could not be misdeed. Buddhists believe that nothing is fixed or permanent. The movement of time and lifestyles for upgrading the production value, People detector improve in sectors, the co-operative concept emerged and is taken as the universal instrument of creating economic miracles by living, thinking and working together to accomplish common goal through cooperative principles. Later on, it gives a huge contribution to global economy. The main theme of the study is how Buddhism and dairy co-operatives eradicates negative consequences from livelihood and plays a vital role on economic development. How it creates right livelihood from a philosophy of noble eightfold path. Buddhists Economics as a new dimension of economic development is developing through dairy cooperatives in Nepal. Objectively, the study is to identify the impacts of dairy cooperatives to economic development of Nepal from Buddhists’ perspective. Methodologically the study is a descriptive qualitative analysis from different secondary information depending upon the reviews of different literature. In conclusion the study found the status of Nepalese dairy cooperatives to generate the opportunities and income determinants to uplift national economy. Buddhism has not any significant impacts on Nepalese diary cooperatives.
Gender Inequality: A Case Study of Ward-16 Bharatpur Metropolitan City
Authors: Sharma Sharada Devi
Published: June 2020

The main reason behind inequality is access to less power which is a byproduct of illiteracy and less income. An illiterate female cannot counter for herself neither can she counters for her offspring (mostly girls). To find out the gender inequality, this study has been conducted in Ward-16of Bharatpur metropolitan city. With the use of census method, this study primarily focuses on the primary data taken in whole ward and the secondary data collected from other sources. In the total population of 17546, 9197 are female and remaining 8349 are male. The survey research designwas used whereas purposive and simple random sampling was followed to select the respondents. The study was conducted in Chitwan district. The finding of the research is that there is inequality in male and female population in ward 16 of Bharatpur Metropolitan City. This inequality can only be broken if the sphere of planning is strengthened so as to uproot the root of inequality. Equality measure being one of the most important indicator of development, the only way to achieve the sustainable development goal is to empower all the population present inside nation.
Len Hansa Christiana Andersena — opowieść fantastyczna o roślinie?
Authors: Ogłoza Ewa``
Published: June 2020

The article discusses The Flax, a fantasy tale by Hans Christian Andersen. In my reading, I focus on details of the tale’s text. I point out various contexts that expand and diversify the reading of the tale, such as: cultural, religious, biblical, artistic, literary and cinematic ones.
Twarze dzieciństwa w twórczości Pawła Beręsewicza
Authors: Brzeźniak-Pałgan Oliwia
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of Paweł Beręsewicz’s works submitted, awarded with a prize or distinction at the Kornel Makuszyński All‑Poland National Literary Award. The following books by Beręsewicz were analyzed: Jak zakochałem Kaśkę Kwiatek (2005), Ciumkowe historie, w tym jedna smutna (2007), Tajemnica człowieka z blizną (2010), Ściśle tajne (2018). The reading method draws upon the childhood face topic, which was suggested by Grzegorz Leszczyński.
Kira jako (nie)obcy. O protagoniście mangi Death Note Takeshi Obaty i Tsugumi Ohby
Authors: Dobrzycki Jarosław
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes the alienation of the main character of the manga series Death Note, who owns the Death Notebook referred to in the title. The said notebook allows to kill any person. Drawing upon the theses of Michel Foucault related to the rights of monarchs of bygone times to condemn individuals to death, and to ritualizing death itself, the author of the article shows Kira as a continuator of the said monarchs. The motif of death from the hands of another person is indicated as a form of revenge for harms suffered by one, based on considerations by Jean Baudrillard. The text also aims to show that comic books are not just entertainment for the masses, but can convey serious content instead.
Polityka klimatyczno-energetyczna Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Kułaga Aleksandra
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the subject of the goals of the climate and energy policy of the European Union, which can have both a positive, and a negative impact on the environmental and energy policies. Positive aspects are the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, diversification of energy supplies, which should improve Europe independence from energy imports, and increasing the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the national energy system structures. On the other hand, overly ambitious targets and actions can lead to large losses for the economies of EU Member States. The article also highlights the realities prevailing in the international arena and noncompliance of international actors with global agreements on climate protection.
Comparison Between Conventional and Supersaturable Self-nanoemulsion Loaded with Nebivolol: Preparation and In-vitro/Ex-vivo Evaluation
Authors: Sabri Lubna A. , A. Hussein Ahmed
Published: June 2020

Nebivolol (NBH) is a third-generation B1-blocker with high selectivity and vasodilation activity. Nevertheless, nebivolol exhibits low oral bioavailability, which may adversely affect its efficacy. Recently, supersaturable self-nanoemulsion (Su-SNE) is an advanced SNE approach that can address low bioavailability The study aims to prepare nebivolol-loaded Su-SNE by reduction the amount of the prepared conventional SNE to half. Besides, an appropriate polymer type and concentration to prevent NBH precipitation upon oral administration have investigated.. A conventional self-nanoemulsion (formula A) was prepared by dissolving NBH in 500 mg vehicle mixture of imwitor®988: cremophor-EL: propylene glycol. Then, eight Su-SNE formulas with the absence or presence of four different polymers were prepared and evaluated. In-vitro precipitation assay was performed to assess the precipitation inhibition capacity of polymers. The ex-vivo permeation through rat intestinal mucosa was also conducted for determination of permeability parameters. Results revealed that (Su-SNA formula SAS1) containing 5% soluplus could effectively retard the nebivolol precipitation. There was no statistical difference between formula A and SAS1; both maintained a higher apparent NBH concentra­tion for approximately 240 min in 0.1N HCl. The permeation rate of conventional (formula A) and soluplus-based Su-SNE (formula SAS1) was significantly improved, and the permeation enhancement ratio was found 2.7 and 3.2, respectively, as compared with non-formulated NBH. Consequently, it is concluded that developing soluplus-based nebivolol SNE is a promising alternative approach. It can enhance nebivolol stability and permeability with half the amount of conventional SNE components.
Phylogenetic analysis of Colchicum (Colchicaceae) genus by molecular markers from nuclear and chloroplast genome
Authors: Tüyel Abdurrahman Umut , Çabuk Şahin Ezgi , Şentürk Akfirat Funda , Aydin Yıldız , Altınkut Uncuoğlu Ahu
Published: June 2020

We evaluated the patterns of genetic variation of 16 Colchicum species, including 37 different genotypes, using RAPD marker and trnL–trnF chloroplast DNA sequence. A total of 861 polymorphic alleles through RAPDs showed a mean of  33.88 ± 3.80 alleles per primer, while mean major allele frequency was 0.067 ± 0.05. The sequence length of trnL–trnF ranged from 1022 bp to 1081 bp. The phylogenetic tree was constructed to understand the relationship between Colchicum species and the discrimination power of the nuclear and chloroplast genome for species. The results showed that trnL–trnF gene region grouped Colchicum species well in comparison with RAPD analysis. This data was also supported by haplotype network analysis, structure analysis and PCA (Principle Component Analysis). This study showed that there is a need for a characterization that contains more molecular and morphological methods to correctly distinguish Colchicum species.