bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Method for calculating the longitudinal dimensions of hydrodynamic cavitation devices with a pressure jump
Authors: Prokhasko L S , Rebezov M B , Zalilov R V
Published: December 2020

Cavitation technologies are widely used in many industries: from heavy machine building to the food industry. Such a wide range of different industries testifies to the variety of tasks that can be solved using these technologies: to disinfect wastewater, carry out various processes of dispersion, mixing, homogenization and many other processes. Depending on the source-cause of cavitation, ultrasonic and hydrodynamic are distinguished. The working process of hydrodynamic cavitation is rather complicated, but the development of a correct closed mathematical model allows one to calculate the parameters of cavitation devices. The applied calculation method is important in this. The article describes the workflow of a hydrodynamic cavitation device with a pressure jump and proposes a method for calculating such devices. The calculation problem is solved by the method of successive approximations and allows one to determine the longitudinal dimensions of the device. The industrial approbation of the device, calculated by this method, showed good convergence of theoretical and experimental data.
Heat recovery of waste gases in thermal-oxidative waste disposal systems using gas turbine techniques
Authors: Rakhmanov Yu A , Sergiyenko O I , Dmitrieva A P
Published: December 2020

The issues of utilization of heat recovery of high-temperature waste gases of thermal-oxidative solid and liquid waste disposal systems using cogeneration gas turbine techniques with reverse order of processes are considered. The article presents technological scheme, calculation method, design characteristics and analysis of energy and environmental efficiency of thermal-oxidative solid and liquid waste disposal systems based on rotating, layer and chamber furnaces using gas turbine techniques with reverse order of processes. The results of the analysis indicate the possibility of additional generation of electric and thermal energy, which will significantly reduce fuel consumption in the replaced thermal power plants and the corresponding negative environmental impacts. The coefficient of heat utilization in the thermal oxidation neutralization system can reach 0.72 – 0.79, the coefficient of efficiency of the system (CEWEP) 1.17 – 1.57. The obtained calculated data can be used in selecting the best available techniques for energy waste disposal using thermal-oxidative neutralization and gas turbine techniques with reverse order of processes.
Determination of technological parameters for the production of enriched flour mixtures in a drum mixer
Authors: Reznichenko I Yu , Borodulin D M , Chistyakov A M , Ruban N Yu , Komarov S S
Published: December 2020

The lack of micronutrients in the diet of the population affects the growth of alimentary-dependent diseases, affects the preservation of health and active longevity. One of the most effective methods of preventing micronutrient insufficiency is the enrichment of mass-consumption food products with vitamin and mineral premixes. Additionally, it is recommended to enrich the missing micronutrients to the level corresponding to the physiological needs of the body with mass-use products, which can include flour confectionery products, in particular cookies. The main factors shaping the quality of finished enriched products are raw materials and production technology. A special role in the application of premixes for flour products is assigned to the mixing process, because when mixing the premix with flour, its uniform distribution must occur throughout the entire volume of the mixture to obtain high-quality finished products with a guaranteed content of vitamins and minerals declared in the premix. Development of recipes and selection of technological parameters of mixing are relevant for the practical implementation of results in industrial production. For this purpose, studies have been conducted to obtain a homogeneous flour mixture consisting of wheat flour and vitamin-mineral premix on a drum mixer. The obtained data allowed us to determine the rational parameters of mixing the initial ingredients, which produce an enriched flour mixture with the specified quality indicators. The numerical values of quality indicators were processed using multiple regression methods, on the basis of which a regression model was obtained describing the quality of a flour-enriched mixture (with a high degree of accuracy) depending on the technological parameters of mixing a drum mixer.
Meat productivity of sheep of the Altai Mountain breed of different genotypes according to the CAST and GDF9 genes
Authors: Selionova M I , Chizhova L N , Surzhikova E S , Podkorytov N A , Podkorytov A T , Voblikova T V
Published: December 2020

The successful development of sheep farming in the meat sector is largely determined by the use of molecular genetic methods and modern genotypes. The Altai Mountain breed of sheep optimally combines high wool and meat with unsurpassed adaptability to grazing in the highlands of the Altai Republic throughout the year. The genes of calpastatin (CAST) and differential growth factor (GDF9) are considered as promising markers of quantitative and qualitative signs of sheep meat productivity. It was established that in the Altai Mountain breed the polymorphism of the CAST and GDF9 genes is represented by three genotypes MM, MN, and NN; AA, AG and GG with a frequency of occurrence of 0.23; 0.72 and 0.05; 0.10; 0.35 and 0.55, respectively. The level of homozygosity (Ca) in the CAST gene was 73.1%, GDF9 – 60.6%. The level of effective alleles (Na) was higher in the GDF9 gene (1.65) compared with CAST (1.44). The level of factual (Ho) and theoretical (He) expected heterozygosity for the GDF9 gene was 0.538 and 0.651, respectively, for the CAST gene – 0.290 and 0.368, which indicates a certain lack of heterozygotes in both genes. The analysis of slaughter qualities established the superiority of carriers of the NN genotype over the MM genotype in the CAS gene in terms of pre-slaughter and carcass weight, meat ratio by 4.96 and 2.83 kg, respectively (P<0.05), 0.26 units (P<0.05). In the GDF9 gene, the AA-type sheep exceeded the peers of AG and GG-genotypes in the pre-slaughter weight, carcass weight and its output, meat ratio by 1.62 and 7.01 kg, respectively; 1.34 and 3.98 kg (P<0.05); 1.21 and 1.86 abs. percent; 0.16 and 0.39 (P<0.05) units.
Perspective natural sources of chondroprotectors
Authors: Suhih S A , Patyukov N Ye , Kriger O V , Moroz N Ye , Babitch O O , Voblikova T V
Published: December 2020

The research objects in the work were natural sources of chondroprotectors. The research purpose was to study perspective natural sources of substances with chondroprotective properties. Such natural chondroprotectors as nutraceutical products made from green tea are studied in the work. Turmeric and ginger have been used since ancient times to treat osteoarthrosis. It has been established that collagen is a part of combined chondroprotectors. The mass fraction of structural protein in various tissues and organs of a living organism varies to a large extent. In pig skin the mass fraction of structural protein reaches 64%, in human skin the content of collagen is 8% higher, in cattle skin 80%, in marine mammals more than 80%; a significant amount of collagen is found in the skin of fish. In the connective tissue of whale fat, up to 88% of collagen is contained, in whale fins up to 83%. The percentage of collagen-containing raw fish is as follows: skin up to 12.6% (of the total weight of the fish); fins up to 8%, air bladder up to 11.4%, scales to 6%, bones up to 19%, sturgeon chord up to 10.2%. Glucosamine, extracted from mollusk shells, chondroitin from shark and bovine cartilage, and collagen hydrolysates are widely used since they are the main components of cartilage matrix. The novelty of this work lies in the systematization of scientific data on perspective natural sources of substances with chondroprotective and combined properties.
The influence of some factors on the efficiency of the processes of nitrogen biological removal from sewage
Authors: Teleshova E N
Published: December 2020

The chemical processes causing the bacterial destruction of nitrogen-containing compounds in the process of biological wastewater treatment are considered. The influence of nitrogen-containing compounds concentration, oxygen concentration, temperature, pH of the medium, and oxidation-reduction potential on the efficiency of the biological treatment processes was studied.
Construction of a mathematical model for the extraction of mineral raw materials
Authors: Tsapleva V V , Masyutina G V , Danchenko I V
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the Essentuki deposit, namely the Central area. The scheme of the field and the hydrogeological section are presented. The methodology of constructing a mathematical model for the extraction of mineral raw materials is shown. Namely, a flat-spatial mathematical model of the hydrolithospheric processes of the Essentuki groundwater deposit was recorded. In this case, the hydrolithospheric processes in aquifers are described by spatial models, and the processes in aquicludes by flat models. It also shows how to take into account the geological and hydrogeological structure of an object as much as possible when building a mathematical model. It is shown how the boundary conditions of the object are set. The physical parameters of the object and geometric data used in mathematical modeling are presented. The article presents the result of modeling the extraction of mineral raw materials from one layer. The stages of construction of control systems for the parameters of hydrolithospheric processes are considered.
Realizing the genetic potential of corn hybrids in Central Non-black-soil region
Authors: Usanova Z I , Migulev P I , Farinyuk Yu T , Pavlov M N , Kondrartyeva T N
Published: December 2020

In a field experiment in 2019, the growth, development and formation features of 34 corn hybrids yield were studied in OOO Skopa, Sonkovsky district, Tver region (Russia). 4 groups of hybrids with different productivity, average green mass yield with ears and absolutely dry phytomass (t/ha) were revealed: 1 – 6 hybrids (17.6%) 79.48 and 18.55; 2 - 6 hybrids (17.6%) 58.97 and 11.1; 3 – 13 hybrids (38.2%) 41.1 and 9.4; 4 – 9 hybrids (26.1%) 31.2 and 7.3 t/ha. The most productive were the hybrids LG 30189 (LimaGrain, France) and Zeta 110 S (LABOULET, France), which has a green mass yield of 87.5 and 91.8 t/ha, of absolutely dry mass – 21.39 and 18.52 t/ha, the PAR efficiency of these crops was 3.49 and 3.08%. Of the Russian hybrids, the most productive were Cascade 195 SV (Rossoshhybrid), ZP 190 SV and Voronezh 158 (Golden ear) with a green mass yield of 44.8 - 49.0 t/ha, absolutely dry 9.10 – 10.7 t/ha.
Analysis and features of methods for low-calorie dessert sauce production
Authors: Varivoda A A , Kenijz N V , Zaitseva T N , Kulikov D A , Ginzburg N A
Published: December 2020

Fruit and berry sauces are an important and valuable component of nutrition due to sugars, organic acids and biologically active substances. Sauce recipe development should include methods of pre-processing of berries to provide the highest yield of puree while preserving the valuable components of fresh berries. The study focuses on effective methods for processing cornel berries to obtain the maximum yield of puree with high physical and chemical properties. It is shown that the yield of puree can be increased through maximum disruption of the cell cytoplasmic membrane before pulping raw materials that can be attained by blanching (short-term action of steam or hot water for 5–15 minutes), freezing, and microwave treatment. Fresh, ripe, pure, odorless, and mold-free cornel berries of the same pomological variety were taken to conduct the study. The berries pre-sorted and prepared were subjected to freezing, steam and hot water blanching, and microwave treatment at three power modes of the microwave oven. The processed mass of cornel berries was pulped to determine the content of solids, vitamin C, and pH value. It was found that the highest yield of puree (77.5%) from cornel berries is attained through microwave treatment at 350 W. Freezing and steam blanching provide the puree yield of 71.5 and 69.3%, respectively. However, freezing of berry raw materials is accompanied by losses during defrosting. Hot water blanching reduces the amount of soluble solids, which is confirmed by the values of physical and chemical properties of cornel puree.
Improvement of energy-saving technologies in units of irradiation and lighting of plants in greenhouse complexes
Authors: Vorotnikov I N , Shunina A A , Permyakov A V , Danchenko I V , Masyutina G V
Published: December 2020

Today energy industry is a fundamental sector of the world economy as it is an energy component that industrialization and digitalization processes of modern society depends on. Economical activities require the following energy properties: reliability, efficiency, non-stop consumer supply. Each year, to implement these requirements becomes more difficult, since dramatic transition from the available energy supply systems to different and innovative ones is taking place in the energy supply sector. In addition, the problem of improving energy-saving technologies becomes the priority in the agro-industrial complex (APK). This article considers the issue of improving energy-saving technologies in irradiation units of greenhouse complexes due to the optimization of reactive power compensation modes using predictive algorithms for controlling devices of compensation of reactive power under non-stationary modes of non-linear loadings. A compensator control algorithm is proposed based on the correlation analysis of energy processes.
The effect of bioinert electroexplosive coatings on stress distribution near the dental implant-bone interface
Authors: Romanov Denis A , Sosnin Kirill V , Filyakov Artem D , Nevskii Sergey A , Moskovskii Stanislav V
Published: December 2020

In this study, the first time a 2d finite element models of the titanium dental implant with Ti–Zr or Ti–Nb coating sprayed by electro explosive method and bone tissue located near were constructed. The present models simulate small surface implant section and bone located near. Three models with or without bioinert coating were studied in two configurations with cortical or cancellous bone tissue. All materials used in this study were assumed to be linearly elastic, homogenous, and isotropic to simplify the calculation. The stress distribution in the implant and bone tissue located near is uniform. The largest von Mises stress was obtained near the bone-implant interface in the implant area. It has shown that the stress pattern changed in the models with bioinert coatings. The second stress maximum appeared on the boundary between titanium subtract and the coating layer. The most significant changes in stress distribution were reached in the model with Ti–Zr coating. The electro explosive bioinert coatings help to reduce the stress shielding effect and implant failure probability because of bone strength loss. It also was found shear stress changes in the bone tissue.
Effect of doping Al on the microstructure of Cu-Ni-NiFe2O4-NiO cermets
Authors: Tao Yu-Qiang , Feng Jun-Jun , Chen Yu-Long
Published: December 2020

Cu-Ni-NiFe2O4-NiO cermets doped with Al (0, 0.8, 2, 3.2 wt% ) were prepared by a powder metallurgy process. The effect of Al content, Al adding method and sintering temperature on the microstructure of the cermets were studied using XRD, SEM/EDS, and DSC. The results show that NiO and NiFe2O4 phase are partly reduced to Ni by adding Al at the sintering temperature. The Al element is mainly distributed in the NiFe2O4 phase, and the doping of Al is not conducive to the densification of cermet. The density of the cermet decreases with increasing Al content. The morphology of the metallic phase is related to the Al adding method. Specimens prepared by pre-alloying of Al show smaller metallic particle size than that by mixing of Al. However, the Al adding methods have little effect on the densification and the phase composition. The sintering temperature around the solid phase line of the metallic phase is beneficial to the densification.
A note on the selfsimilarity of limit flows
Authors: Choi Beomjun , Haslhofer Robert , Hershkovits Or
Published: December 2020

It is a fundamental open problem for the mean curvature flow, and in fact for many partial differential equations, whether or not all blowup limits are selfsimilar. In this short note, we prove that for the mean curvature flow of mean convex surfaces all limit flows are selfsimilar (static, shrinking, or translating) if and only if there are only finitely many spherical singularities. More generally, using the solution of the mean convex neighborhood conjecture for neck singularities, we establish a local version of this equivalence for neck singularities in arbitrary dimension. In particular, we see that the ancient ovals occur as limit flows if and only if there is a sequence of spherical singularities converging to a neck singularity.
Fourier transforms and Ringel–Hall algebras of valued quivers
Authors: Ma Chenyang
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we follow an idea of Lusztig to define the Fourier transform on the Ringel–Hall algebra of a valued quiver (given by a quiver with automorphism). As an application, this provides a direct proof of the fact that the Ringel–Hall algebra of a valued quiver is independent of its orientation. Furthermore, by combining the BGP-reflection operators defined on double Ringel–Hall algebras of valued quivers with Fourier transforms, we obtain an alternative construction of Lusztig’s symmetries of the associated quantum enveloping algebras. This generalizes a result of Sevenhant and Van den Bergh in the quiver case.
Einstein extensions of Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Alekseevsky D. , Nikolayevsky Y.
Published: December 2020

Given a Riemannian space

N
N

of dimension

n
n

and a field

D
D

of symmetric endomorphisms on

N
N

, we define the extension

M
M

of

N
N

by

D
D

to be the Riemannian manifold of dimension

n
+
1

n+1

obtained from

N
N

by a construction similar to extending a Lie group by a derivation of its Lie algebra. We find the conditions on

N
N

and

D
D

which imply that the extension

M
M

is Einstein. In particular, we show that in this case,

D
D

has constant eigenvalues; moreover, they are all integer (up to scaling) if

det
D
≠
0

\det D \ne 0

. They must satisfy certain arithmetic relations which imply that there are only finitely many eigenvalue types of

D
D

in every dimension (a similar result is known for Einstein solvmanifolds). We give the characterisation of Einstein extensions for particular eigenvalue types of

D
D

, including the complete classification for the case when

D
D

has two eigenvalues, one of which is multiplicity free. In the most interesting case, the extension is obtained, by an explicit procedure, from an almost Kähler Ricci flat manifold (in particular, from a Calabi-Yau manifold). We also show that all Einstein extensions of dimension four are Einstein solvmanifolds. A similar result holds valid in the case when

N
N

is a Lie group with a left-invariant metric, under some additional assumptions.
Infinite energy solutions for weakly damped quintic wave equations in ℝ³
Authors: Mei Xinyu , Savostianov Anton , Sun Chunyou , Zelik Sergey
Published: December 2020

The paper gives a comprehensive study of infinite-energy solutions and their long-time behavior for semi-linear weakly damped wave equations in

R

3

\mathbb {R}^3

with quintic nonlinearities. This study includes global well-posedness of the so-called Shatah-Struwe solutions, their dissipativity, the existence of a locally compact global attractors (in the uniformly local phase spaces) and their extra regularity.
Management of type 2 diabetes with oral semaglutide: Practical guidance for pharmacists
Authors: Kane Michael P , Triplitt Curtis L , Solis-Herrera Carolina D
Published: December 2020

Purpose

To provide pharmacists with information on counseling patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) receiving oral semaglutide.

Oral semaglutide, the first oral glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), was approved for the treatment of adults with T2D by the US Food and Drug Administration in September 2019. Semaglutide has been coformulated with the absorption enhancer sodium N-(8-[2-hydroxybenzoyl] amino) caprylate to improve bioavailability of semaglutide following oral administration. Oral semaglutide has been shown to have efficacy and safety profiles similar to those of other GLP-1RAs. Many patients with T2D have a complex oral medication regimen to manage their T2D and concomitant chronic comorbid conditions. Therefore, it is important that patients follow the dose administration instructions closely: oral semaglutide should be taken on an empty stomach upon waking with a sip (≤120 mL) of plain water and at least 30 minutes before the first food, beverage, or other oral medications of the day. The most common adverse effects of oral semaglutide are gastrointestinal (typically nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting). It is important for pharmacists to counsel patients prescribed oral semaglutide about optimal oral dosing, why correct dosing conditions are necessary, expected therapeutic response, and effective strategies to mitigate potential gastrointestinal adverse events.

Conclusion

Information and practical strategies provided by pharmacists may facilitate initiation and maintenance of oral semaglutide therapy and ensure that each patient achieves an optimal therapeutic response.
The Safe Resumption of Elective Plastic Surgery in Accredited Ambulatory Surgery Facilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Brown Mitchell , Eardley Stephanie , Ahmad Jamil , Lista Frank , Barr Scott , Mulholland Stephen , Khanna Julie , Knapp Charles , Saheb-Al-Zamani Maryam , Austin Ryan , Levine Ronald
Published: December 2020

Background

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the novel Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) a worldwide pandemic, resulting in an unprecedented shift in the Canadian healthcare system, where protection of an already overloaded system became a priority; all elective surgeries and non-essential activities were ceased. With the impact being less than predicted, on May 26, 2020, elective surgeries and non-essential activities were permitted to resume.

Objectives

The authors sought to examine outcomes following elective aesthetic surgery and the impact on the Canadian healthcare system with the resumption of these services during the COVID-19 worldwide pandemic.

Methods

Data were collected in a prospective manner on consecutive patients who underwent elective plastic surgery procedures in 6 accredited ambulatory surgery facilities. Data included patient demographics, procedural characteristics, COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test status, airway management, and postoperative outcomes.

Results

A total of 368 patients underwent elective surgical procedures requiring a general anesthetic. All 368 patients who underwent surgery were negative on pre-visit screening. A COVID-19 PCR test was completed by 352 patients (95.7%) and all were negative. In the postoperative period, 7 patients (1.9%) had complications, 3 patients (0.8%) required a hospital visit, and 1 patient (0.3%) required hospital admission. No patients or healthcare providers developed COVID-19 symptoms or had a positive test for COVID-19 within 30 days of surgery.

Conclusions

With appropriate screening and safety precautions, elective aesthetic plastic surgery can be performed in a manner that is safe for patients and healthcare providers and with a very low risk for accelerating virus transmission within the community.

Level of Evidence: 4
Previous Dengue Infection and Mortality in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Silvestre Odilson M , Costa Letícia R , Lopes Bianca V R , Barbosa Mariana R , Botelho Kárenn K P , Albuquerque Kelvyn L C , Souza Anna G S , Coelho Lorran A , de Oliveira Anderson J , Barantini Cínthia B , Neves Sebastião A V M , Nadruz Wilson , Maguire James H , Fernandes-Silva Miguel M
Published: December 2020

We studied 2351 participants with coronavirus disease 2019; 1177 (50%) reported previous dengue infection. Those without previous dengue had a higher risk of death (hazard ratio: .44; 95% confidence interval: .22–.89; P = .023) in 60-day follow-up. These findings raise the possibility that dengue might induce immunological protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Recent use of formaldehyde-‘free’ hair straightening product and severe acute kidney injury
Authors: Mitler Avital , Houri Sion , Shriber Letizia , Dalal Ilan , Kaidar-Ronat Maital
Published: December 2020

Formaldehyde is present in hair straightening products even when labeled as formaldehyde-free. Inhaled absorption of formaldehyde causes renal tubular cytotoxicity. We report a teenager who developed severe acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy shortly after exposure to a formaldehyde-‘free’ hair straightening product. Kidney biopsy showed acute tubular necrosis and images compatible with microcalcifications. Kidney function improved while on continuous venous–venous hemodialysis.
A Call Center System based on Expert Systems for the Acquisition of Agricultural Knowledge Transferred from Text-to-Speech in China
Authors: Dong Yuhong , Fu Zetian , Stankovski Stevan , Peng Yaoqi , Li Xinxing
Published: December 2020

There is rich knowledge in expert systems that can be used to solve practical problems, but its promotion and application must rely on information facilities. The application of both computers and the Internet for Chinese farmers are not common, which leads to restrictions on the promotion and application of expert systems in rural areas of China. On the other hand, the existing call centers lack a professional knowledge base and the method of automatically calling the knowledge base in real-time, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of users wanting to obtain knowledge in a timely manner. To address these problems, a call center embedded in an expert system inference algorithm and knowledge base for farmers to obtain agricultural knowledge through mobile phones or fixed-line telephones was established. By studying the event-condition-action-based (ECA-based) database triggering model, remote method invocation-based (RMI-based) communication and iterative dichotomiser 3 algorithm-based (ID3-based) parameter extraction, the cohesion between the call center and the expert system was realized. The agricultural knowledge audio acquisition model was then coupled with the call center and the expert system was constructed, allowing farmers to acquire agricultural knowledge through mobile phones or fixed phones with fast responses. When used for cotton disease diagnosis, it can achieve a high diagnostic success rate (above 75%) when at least three disease symptoms are input into the expert system via the voice call, which provides an effective channel for Chinese farmers to obtain agricultural knowledge. It presents good application prospects in China, where 5G technology is currently developing rapidly.
Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement: a new polycarbonate urethane valve
Authors: Lutter Georg , Topal Ayça , Hansen Jan Hinnerk , Haneya Assad , Santhanthan Janarthan , Freitag-Wolf Sandra , Frank Derk , Puehler Thomas
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVES

Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement has become a valid treatment option for right ventricular outflow tract diseases. However, some limitations occur in patients with wide, compliant right ventricular outflow tracts that might be amenable to treatment with self-expanding valved protheses. An experimental ovine study was designed to evaluate a novel dip-coated, low-profile trileaflet polycarbonate urethane (PCU) heart valve mounted into a self-expandable nitinol stent.

METHODS

The PCU valves were produced by a dip-coating technique, mounted in a conical-shaped nitinol stent and provided with a leaflet thickness of 100–150 µm. The valved stents were implanted percutaneously via transfemoral access in 6 consecutive sheep divided into 2 groups. Three animals were followed up for 1 month and the remainder, for 6 months. Angiographic measurements and transthoracic echocardiography were performed before and after implantation and at the end of the 1- or 6-month observation period, respectively.

RESULTS

Orthotopic positioning of the valve was achieved in all animals. All except 1 had competent valves during the follow-up period. The peak-to-peak gradient across the PCU valved stents was 4.6 ± 1.0 mmHg after 1 month and 4.4 ± 2.3 mmHg after 6 months of follow-up. Macroscopic and microscopic post-mortem evaluation indicated good morphological and structural results. There were no stent fractures, leaflet calcification or thrombus formation.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates successful transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement with a novel dip-coated valved nitinol stent. The trileaflet PCU prostheses indicated good functional and biocompatible properties after a 6-month observation period.
Trends beyond the new normal: from remote monitoring to digital connectivity
Authors: Calò Leonardo , de Ruvo Ermenegildo , Martino Anna Maria , Prenner Günther , Manninger Martin , Scherr Daniel
Published: December 2020

COVID pandemic emergency has forced changes from traditional in-person visits to application of telemedicine in order to overcome the barriers and to deliver care. COVID-19 has accelerated adoption of digital health. During this time, the distance is itself a prevention tool and the use of technology to deliver healthcare services and information has driven the discovery of mobile and connected health services. Health services should to be prepared to integrate the old model of remote monitoring of CIEDs and adopt new digital tools such as mobile Apps and connected sensors.
Factors influencing the implementation of the Health Promoting University initiative: experiences of Ibero-American universities
Authors: Suárez-Reyes Mónica , Muñoz Serrano Mónica , Van den Broucke Stephan
Published: December 2020

The Health Promoting University (HPU) concept encourages universities to incorporate health into the university context. HPU initiatives exist worldwide, yet information on how universities translate the HPU concept into actions is scarce. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the implementation of HPU initiatives in Ibero-American universities. Semi-structured interviews were held with seventeen representatives of universities in Ibero-America that had implemented an HPU initiative. All interviewees had been involved in the initiative and had occupied a position of responsibility for at least 1 year before the study. The interviews were carried out remotely, and the data were analyzed using an inductive approach. The main factors influencing the implementation of an HPU initiative were political support by the university authorities, coordination structure, funding, collaboration inside and outside university and participation of the university community. Among them, political support by the university authorities was considered the most important, although some initiatives succeeded without it and managed to obtain support during the implementation process. This study is one of the first to investigate the factors influencing the implementation of the HPU concept. A better understanding of these factors would enable universities to address them to develop the HPU initiative in the best possible conditions.
Arthroscopic assessment of concomitant intraarticular pathologies in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Serong Sebastian , Haubold Johannes , Theysohn Jens , Landgraeber Stefan
Published: December 2020

This study's purpose is to arthroscopically assess the occurrence of intraarticular pathologies in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (OFNH) and to compare arthroscopic with radiologic findings. In a retrospective cohort analysis of ONFH patients undergoing combined core decompression (CD) and hip arthroscopy, concomitant intraarticular pathologies were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed by means of arthroscopy. Intraoperative findings were compared with preoperative radiodiagnostics. Descriptive statistics were performed with results displaying type, degree and prevalence of co-pathologies. Based on a cohort of 27 hips with ONFH at ARCO stages II and III, 26 (96.3%) presented with concomitant intraarticular findings. Cam-deformity (n = 22; 81.5%), labral defects (n = 23; 85.2%) and chondral defects (n = 20; 74.1%) were the most frequent. Four hips (14.8%) had foveal ligament anomalies. Intraoperative detection of cam-deformity positively correlated with radiologically assessed pathologic α angles (p = 0.09). Radiologic evaluation of the acetabular labrum distinctly differed from arthroscopic findings. Reliable statements concerning the cartilage status were not possible due to the great difference in quality of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs). The results of this study revealed an arthroscopically proven prevalence of co-pathologies in >95% of patients with ONFH. Cam-type deformity, labral anomalies and chondral defects were the most frequent. Comparison of arthroscopic and radiologic findings showed coherent results regarding cam-deformity but revealed distinct difficulties in the assessment of the labral and chondral status emphasizing the need for standardization of preoperative radiodiagnostics. Moreover, it still has to be evaluated whether combined CD and arthroscopy can improve on the overall outcomes achieved by performance of CD only.
Enhanced neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation to support separation of craniopagus twins
Authors: Rufai Sohaib R , Gore Sri , Handley Sian E , Marmoy Oliver R , Ong Juling , Dunaway David J , Jeelani Noor ul Owase
Published: December 2020

Craniopagus conjoined twins are extraordinarily rare and present unique challenges to the multidisciplinary team. There is a paucity of literature on optimizing neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation in craniopagus twins. Herein, we present our enhanced neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation and management in 17-month-old male craniopagus twins, uniquely using handheld optical coherence tomography (OCT) plus portable slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and modified forced-choice preferential looking assessment. Staged surgical separation was supported by enhanced neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation, detailed radiology, three-dimensional printing and virtual reality simulation. This represents the fourth separation of craniopagus twins by our unit.
Rethinking Sonata Failure: Mendelssohn’s OvertureZum Märchen von der schönen Melusine
Authors: Horton Julian
Published: December 2020

This article counterpoints James Hepokoski’s notion of sonata failure (Hepokoski 2002; Hepokoski and Darcy 2006) and the concept of “becoming” advocated by Janet Schmalfeldt (2011) as analytical tools in the developing field of Romantic Formenlehre. Taking Mendelssohn’s overture Zum Märchen von der schönen Melusine as a case study, it develops a taxonomy of process for Romantic form, which is applied to arbitrate failure and becoming as contrasted aspects of the overture’s construction. I theorize the work’s processes as participants in an overarching processual network interacting with syntax and voice leading to generate a characteristically dialectical idea of sonata form, which unsettles traditional perceptions of Mendelssohn as a regressive classicist.
A service evaluation of an occupational health Covid-19 referral pathway
Authors: Napier J , Zhou A Y , Moore J
Published: December 2020

Background

A rapid management referral pathway was established by a private UK occupational health (OH) provider to offer assessments and advice on managing individual risk relating to Covid-19 in the workplace.

Aims

The aim of this service evaluation was to assess the utilization and effectiveness of the pathway in supporting referrers during a pandemic.

Methods

Referrals between March–August 2020 were analysed by date and industry to assess service utilization. A survey was sent to a convenience sample of referrers throughout this period, requesting feedback on whether the report led to a change in how the worker was managed, and whether it increased referrer confidence in managing the worker.

Results

Five hundred and seventy referrals were made, predominantly from wholesale and retail; professional, scientific and technical; and food and drink production. There was a small peak of referrals from manufacturing in April and a larger peak in July–August from wholesale and retail, and food and drink production. Of 166 surveys sent, 58 were completed (35% response rate). In 71% of cases, referrers indicated that the report led to change in how the worker was managed, and in 86% of cases, referrers reported being more confident in managing the worker.

Conclusions

The pathway was well-utilized. OH assessments and advice have an important role to play in a pandemic, with useful impact on how workers are managed and how confident managers feel in managing workers.
Social Exclusion among African Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Saasa Sherinah , Allen J Lloyd
Published: December 2020

Research suggests exclusionary mechanisms fostering negative socioeconomic outcomes for African immigrants. This study explored predictors of social exclusion among immigrants from African countries living in the United States. The authors examined four dimensions of social exclusion that entail social–cultural and structural–economic exclusion. Authors used structural equation modeling to analyze cross-sectional survey data from first- and second-generation African immigrants across the United States (N = 409). Findings highlighted the negative effects of discrimination on all four dimensions of social exclusion. In addition, higher levels of education were associated with higher levels of social–cultural exclusion, whereas higher levels of income were protective from social and structural–economic exclusion. Authors also found health status, religion, race, and immigrant generation to have significant effects on social exclusion. Study findings have important implications for social workers seeking to identify and prevent exclusionary mechanisms and practices affecting African immigrants in the United States.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Yoga with Incarcerated Females: Impacts on Emotion Regulation, Body Dissociation, and Warnings of Substance Relapse
Authors: Willy-Gravley Samantha , Beauchemin James , Pirie Phyllis , Gomes Alexandra , Klein Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

Mental health and substance abuse challenges are widespread among incarcerated populations, often coupled with complicated histories of abuse, trauma, and other psychological problems. Traditional treatments have largely consisted of psychological or pharmaceutical interventions. However, the implementation, effectiveness, and financial burden of traditional interventions have led to exploration into alternative approaches. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a six-week yoga intervention on body dissociation, emotion regulation, and signs of substance relapse among incarcerated females. Participants were assigned to an intervention group, therapeutic community, or general population control group. This study conceptualized body awareness and emotional regulation as mechanisms of change and hypothesized that improvements in these constructs would ultimately lead to improved signs of substance use relapse scores as compared with the wait-listed control and comparison groups. An analysis of covariance revealed significant differences in warnings of relapse (p < .01), emotion regulation (p < .01), and body dissociation (p < .05). Paired samples t tests revealed significant change from pre- to posttest for the intervention group across all outcome variables. Findings suggest that yoga may be an effective integrative treatment for mental health and substance use challenges among incarcerated females.
Understanding ‘Detriment’ in Common Intention Constructive Trusts: Case Note on O’Neill v Holland [2020] EWCA Civ 1583, 2020 WL 06997189
Authors: Matos Shaun
Published: December 2020

In O’Neill v Holland, the Court of Appeal was asked to clarify what qualified as ‘detriment’ for the purposes of establishing a common intention constructive trust. Although the case provides some clarity on ‘lost gains’, it did not resolve the main question of whether it is possible for a Claimant to rely on the detriment of another.
Factors associated with Chikungunya infection in a cohort of women aged 15–39 y in Fortaleza, Brazil
Authors: Correia Francisco , Kerr Ligia , Frota Cristiane , Barreto Ivana , Almeida Rosa , Pamplona Luciano , Araújo Larissa , Myiajima Fábio , Lima Shirlene , Araújo Fernanda , Simões Leda , Júnior Francisco , Martins Adriano , Dias Livia , Alcântara Ilka , Silva Ana , Sanhueza Carlos , Ribeiro Marco , Teixeira Maria , Meyer Anya , Júnior José , Vasconcelos Lucas , Sousa Paulo , Saraiva Susy , Wesson Dawn , Kendall Carl
Published: December 2020

Background

Outbreaks of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) occurred in Brazil during 2015–2017. Fortaleza was the city that reported the most cases.

Methods

The first round of a cohort study was conducted among women aged 15–39 y in Fortaleza, Brazil, in 2018 (Zika in Fortaleza). We collected sera to detect CHIKV IgG and IgM antibodies. Factors for CHIKV infection were identified using a Poisson regression model.

Results

We evaluated 1466 serum samples and 13.8% and 37.2% of women were found positive for CHIKV IgM and IgG antibodies, respectively. Living with more than four others in the same house and having an abandoned house nearby were associated with CHIKV infection. Being currently pregnant was associated with a decreased probability of CHIKV infection, which was also associated with pregnant women reporting using more repellent, both inside and outside the house, than non-pregnant women.

Conclusions

Crowding in households and abandoned houses nearby can increase potential transmission. Policies providing better living conditions and regulation of abandoned sites and buildings are necessary to control the mosquito population. Programmes providing repellant at low or no cost to pregnant women should be implemented in the neighbourhoods where arbovirus infections are endemic.
Association of Outpatient Cancer Rehabilitation With Patient-Reported Outcomes and Performance-Based Measures of Function
Authors: Pergolotti Mackenzi , Covington Kelley R. , Lightner Ashley N. , Bertram Jessica , Thess Melissa , Sharp Julia , Spraker Matthew , Williams Grant R. , Manning Peter
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose/Objective:

Evidence supporting the effect of community-based cancer-specific physical and occupational therapy (PT/OT) services on cancer-related disability is limited. We examined the effect of community-based outpatient cancer-specific PT/OT for performance-based and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for adults with cancer.

Methods:

This retrospective, pre/posttreatment study included 185 adults seen for cancer rehabilitation (PT/OT). Demographic and clinical data were patient-reported. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures included global physical health (GPH) and global mental health (GMH) scale (10 item); physical function (PF; 4-item), and ability to participate in social roles and activities (SRA; 4-item). Performance-based measures included hand grip strength (HGS) and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. We used descriptive statistics to evaluate patient characteristics, paired-samples t test to compare scores pre- and post-PT/OT, and independent-samples t test to compare the mean change for all outcomes between patients in the active and posttreatment groups.

Results:

Patients were predominantly female (n = 137; 75%), were 41 to 65 years old (n = 99; 57%). The majority had been diagnosed with breast (n = 98; 53%) cancer. Most (n = 115; 62.2%) patients completed at least one follow-up evaluation over 6 ± 4.5 weeks. A significant effect (P < .05; Cohen d = 0.21-0.35) was observed for GPH, SRA, HGS, and TUG test. There was no difference in average effect between the active and posttreatment groups.

Conclusions:

Community-based cancer-specific PT/OT has a significant effect on the functioning and participation of adults with cancer.

Implications for Cancer Survivors:

Community-based cancer rehabilitation services may benefit cancer survivors' functioning and health-related quality of life across the cancer continuum.
Aquatic Therapy Reduces Pain and Fatigue in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Barbagelata Karsten , Eadi Jacqueline , McNamara Marissa , Sayles Melissa , Smith James M.
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose:

Pain and cancer-related fatigue (CRF) are impairments from breast cancer or the medical and surgical therapies for breast cancer. Aquatic therapy has been found to be effective for the problems of pain and CRF. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine whether aquatic therapy reduced pain and CRF among people with breast cancer and to identify any elements of aquatic therapy associated with those effects.

Methods:

The protocol for this systematic review was registered with PROSPERO, and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) standards were followed. Four databases were searched, and studies were selected on the basis of predetermined criteria. Data were extracted into a template for analysis and thematic synthesis. Measures of methodological quality (risk of bias) and level of evidence were applied.

Results:

Six studies involving 137 subjects who received treatment were included. Subjects received aquatic therapy (water-based exercise for rehabilitation) that was compared with various land-based interventions. Studies were evaluated with the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine—Levels of Evidence for Therapy/Prevention Studies Rating Scale, and all studies had a high or acceptable level of evidence. Studies were evaluated with the APTA Critical Appraisal Tool for Experimental Intervention Studies, and 5 studies had a high or acceptable quality. High-quality evidence supported the use of aquatic therapy for reducing CRF, and acceptable quality evidence supported the use of aquatic therapy for reducing pain. Adverse responses to aquatic therapy were minor symptoms that resolved within days and had no effect on attrition.

Limitations:

Searches were limited to publications in English. Analysis was confounded by heterogeneity of pain measures.

Conclusions:

Aquatic therapy is recommended as an intervention for the impairments of pain and CRF associated with breast cancer. Aquatic therapy is safe and feasible for this population.