bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investing in California’s Transportation Future: Public Opinion on Critical Needs
Authors: Agrawal Asha Weinstein , Nixon Hilary , Simmons Cameron
Published: December 2020

In 2017, the State of California adopted landmark legislation to increase the funds available for transportation in the state: Senate Bill 1 (SB1), the Road Repair and Accountability Act of 2017. Through a combination of higher gas and diesel motor fuel taxes, SB1 raises revenue for four critical transportation needs in the state: road maintenance and rehabilitation, relief from congestion, improvements to trade corridors, and improving transit and rail services. To help state leaders identify the most important projects and programs to fund within those four topical areas, we conducted an online survey that asked a sample of 3,574 adult Californians their thoughts on how the state can achieve the SB1 objectives. The survey was administered from April to August 2019 with a survey platform and panel of respondents managed by Qualtrics. Quota sampling ensured that the final sample closely reflects California adults in terms of key socio-demographic characteristics and geographic distribution. Key findings included very strong support for improving all transportation modes, reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from transportation, and more convenient options to travel without driving. Respondents placed particular value on better maintenance for both local streets and roads, as well as highways. Finally, the majority of respondents assessed all types of transportation infrastructure in their communities as somewhat or very good.
The Mismeasurement of Mobility for Walkable Neighborhoods
Authors: Lewis Sherman , Grande Emilio , Robinson Ralph
Published: December 2020

The major US household travel surveys do not ask the right questions to understand mobility in Walkable Neighborhoods. Yet few subjects can be more important for sustainability and real economic growth based on all things of value, including sustainability, affordability, and quality of life. Walkable Neighborhoods are a system of land use, transportation, and transportation pricing. They are areas with attractive walking distances of residential and local business land uses of sufficient density to support enough business and transit, with mobility comparable to suburbia and without owning an auto. Mobility is defined as the travel time typically spent to reach destinations outside the home, not trips among other destinations that are not related to the home base. A home round trip returns home the same day, a way of defining routine trips based on the home location. Trip times and purposes, taken together, constitute travel time budgets and add up to total travel time in the course of a day. Furthermore, for Walkable Neighborhoods, the analysis focuses on the trips most important for daily mobility. Mismeasurement consists of including trips that are not real trips to destinations outside the home, totaling 48 percent of trips. It includes purposes that are not short trips functional for walk times and mixing of different trips into single purposes, resulting in even less useful data. The surveys do not separate home round trips from other major trip types such as work round trips and overnight trips. The major household surveys collect vast amounts of information without insight into the data needed for neighborhood sustainability. The methodology of statistics gets in the way of using statistics for the deeper insights we need. Household travel surveys need to be reframed to provide the information needed to understand and improve Walkable Neighborhoods. This research makes progress on the issue, but mismeasurement prevents a better understanding of the issue.
A importância da analgesia pós-operatória das fissuras lábio palatina
Authors: Shimakawa Luciana , Sabiao Roseline , Martins Victor
Published: December 2020

Introdução: O Lábio leporino é uma das má-formações craniofaciais comuns em seres humanos. A cirurgia de fissura é um procedimento doloroso e pode exigir altas doses de opioides, ou outras analgesias. O nervo maxilar é responsável pela inervação sensorial do rosto médio, incluindo os paladares duros e macios, mandíbula superior, arco dentário superior e lábio superior. Objetivo: Buscar na literatura, estudos clínicos randomizados, que avaliaram o efeito de intervenções em pessoas acometidas pela fissura lábio palatina. Metodologia: A base de dados Pubmed foi consultada usando as palavras-chave: bloqueio nervoso infraorbital, analgesia pós-operatória, reparação labial fissura, nos anos de 2019 e 2020. Discussão: Existem diversas técnicas e métodos utilizados no bloqueio nervoso intra-oral bilateral para analgesia, após reparação labial fissura em pediátrica nos pacientes, envolvendo opioides, bupivacaína, sevoflurano, fentanil intravenoso, brometo de vecurônio, tiopental de sódio, óxido nitroso em oxigênio e outros. Conclusão: Um bom alívio da dor minimiza a exigência de oxigênio, reduz as demandas cardio-respiratórias, previne a cicatrização tardia da ferida e promove a ambulação e recuperação precoce.
Study on Rail Short-Wave Irregularity of Speed Increased Tracks
Authors: Fang Jian , Lei Xiaoyan , Lian Songliang , Zheng Wenwen
Published: December 2020

The data obtained from a field test of irregularity of rail surface in Hu-Kun line, a CWR track, is processed by statistical analysis of maximum amplitude and one-third octave analysis. The result shows that the regularities of rail surface in joint areas of CWR track are worse in common. In general, the amplitudes of rail surface irregularities can get beyond 0.5mm/m, which exceed standard values in every wave length ranges, and the maximum of them can reach 15dB. The conditions of rail surface regularities in non-joint areas are better, and the rail surface irregularities from most of the test points are lower than 0.15mm/m, which do not exceed standard values.
Metal Effect on Reliability of Balise Transmission System Antennas
Authors: Zhu Linfu , Li Kun , Wang Junfei , Li Yang
Published: December 2020

In railway networks, metal objects near the balise transmission system can affect the performance of antennas in the system operating at 27.095 MHz and 4.23 MHz. In this paper, the performance of the antennas in the proximity of steel rails and metal plates are simulated and tested in terms of resonant frequency, magnetic field distribution. The results show that the metal effect is dependent on the distance between the metal and the antenna. They shift the resonant frequency and change the magnetic field distribution. In order to solve the problem, we find that the antennas should keep specified distance with the steel rails. Also, a metal plate is fixed on the back of on-board antenna unit to reduce the sensitivity to metal. These methods increase the robustness and reliability of balise transmission system antennas in railway signalling.
Severity Analysis of Debris Flow Hazards in Chengkang Railway Based on G1-ANP and Improved Radar Chart
Authors: Wang Yanjin , Guo Rongchang , Wu Xiaochun
Published: December 2020

Debris flow causes huge casualties and economic losses to railway construction and transportation every year, so it is of great significance to analyze the severity of debris flow to reduce the loss. For the debris flow hazards severity analysis, an integrated approach based on G1-ANP was proposed. Firstly, under the condition of the environmental risk, induced conditional risk, and vulnerability risk, the 16 index factors have been selected, for example, the degree of slope, land use type, flow accumulation, and annual mean rainfall. Then, considering the interaction among risk factors, a multi-level G1-ANP risk factor structure model has been established based on the criteria of buried capacity, impact velocity, and scouring distance (or area) of debris flow and the solution process of the model was described. Finally, the risk severity and the proportion of the various risks for each section were calculated using the weighted method. The analysis results are shown in the improved radar chart. The results show that the overall severity of debris flow in the Chengkang railway is not very high. The results can provide a reference for the management of debris flow hazards prevention and reduce the losses caused by hazards in railway operation.
Research on Identification and Suggested Control Value of Continuous Multi-Wave Track Alignment Irregularities in High-Speed Railway
Authors: Yang Fei , Sun Jialin , Zhang Yu , Li Liandong , Long Yiyu
Published: December 2020

Continuous multi-wave irregularity can easily lead to train vibration, which will influence the safety and comfort of vehicle. Due to the influence of bridge creep and track plate deformation, continuous multi-wave irregularity has appeared in high-speed railway lines, but the management value of continuous multi-wave irregularity is not given in the geometric dynamic detection standard of high-speed railway tracks in China at present. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to improve the standard. Based on the dynamic detection data of high-speed railway, the typical characteristics of continuous multi-wave track alignment irregularity are extracted, its automatic recognition model is established, and the amplitude distribution and variation trend of continuous multi-wave track alignment irregularity were statistically analyzed. The vehicle-track coupling dynamic model is established, and the relationship between continuous multi-wave track alignment irregularity and vehicle dynamic response is simulated and analyzed. The control limit of continuous multi-wave track alignment irregularity at different speed levels of high-speed railway in China are put forward.
The Fast and Continuous Railway Clearance Inspection Algorithm Based on Vehicle LiDAR Point Cloud
Authors: Zhong Dan , Zhang Tonggang , Kan Yuhui , Xie Fugui
Published: December 2020

Railway clearance inspection is the foundation work to ensure train safety operation. Aiming at the problem of time-consuming and low accuracy of clearance inspection based on vehicle LiDAR point cloud, this paper proposes a fast and continuous railway clearance inspection algorithm. Firstly, the preliminary clearance inspection is completed by constructing the axial alignment bounding box of the clearance polyhedron. Then fine clearance inspection based on the topology relationship between point cloud and polyhedron to provide an accurate judgment. Finally, the clearance distribution information is obtained by Euclidean clustering. Based on three representative datasets, the proposed algorithm is validated, and the experimental results show that the accuracy and efficiency are enhanced by 25.0% and 83.4% responsibly.
Design of Motor Condition Online Monitoring System Based on LabVIEW
Authors: Xie Fengyun , Yan Shaoshi , Dong Jiankun , Jiang Yongqi , Fu Yu
Published: December 2020

In the rail transit industry, the electric locomotive’s electric motor is used as the driving core, and its installation and working environment are often harsh, and the probability of failure will increase accordingly. If the motor fails during the operation of the locomotive, it will cause huge economic losses, and even threaten people’s lives and property. In order to grasp the running status of the motor in real time, an online monitoring system of the motor status is designed. This system collects the three parameters of temperature, current and speed, and inputs the three-parameter data into the single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer transmits the data to the host computer through calculation. The host computer analyzes and displays the data through LabVIEW to realize online monitoring of the motor status. Experiments show that the system has a good man-machine interface, a wide speed range, high accuracy, fast response speed, and strong anti-interference ability, which is of great practical value for online monitoring of motors.
Research on Railway Speed-up Scheme Based on Grey Decision Theory
Authors: Zhang Kexin , Han Jiaying , Wang Xiaotie
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the decision-making problem of speed-up scheme for existing high-speed railway is studied. Considering the different running speed of different parts of high-speed railway, the speed-up scheme of existing line is formulated. Taking the factors affecting the decision-making of railway speed-up scheme into consideration, the efficiency, cost and influence are determined as the evaluation indexes, and the grey target decision-making method in grey system theory is selected to evaluate each scheme. In this problem, qualitative analysis can be used for the optimal decision-making of the initial scheme. The corresponding situations under each index are comprehensively considered and sorted. The value is assigned to each qualitative evaluation to form the effect vector of each situation. In the spherical grey target formed by grey target decision method, the optimal scheme can be obtained by comparing the off-target distance of each effect vector corresponding to the scheme. It is proved that the grey target decision-making method can also obtain the optimal scheme through qualitative analysis when it is difficult to make quantitative analysis.
“Why Did You Just Do That?” Explainability and Artificial Theory of Mind for Social Robots
Authors: Winfield Alan
Published: December 2020

An important aspect of transparency is enabling a user to understand what a robot might do in different circumstances. An elderly person might be very unsure about robots, so it is important that her assisted living robot is helpful, predictable—never does anything that puzzles or frightens her—and above all safe. It should be easy for her to learn what the robot does and why, in different circumstances, so that she can build a mental model of her robot. An intuitive approach would be for the robot to be able to explain itself, in natural language, in response to spoken requests such as “Robot, why did you just do that?” or “Robot, what would you do if I fell down?” In this talk, I will outline current work, within project RoboTIPS [1], to apply recent research on artificial theory of mind [2] to the challenge of providing social robots with the ability to explain themselves.
Social Robots Through the Lens of Care Ethics
Authors: van Wynsberghe Aimee
Published: December 2020

This paper provides an analysis of social robots from a care ethics perspective, with relationality and reciprocity at the center. By investigating the impact of social robots on relational reciprocity I suggest a specific kind of deception; humans are deceived into believing that the robot is deserving of reciprocity by the robot’s appearance of responsiveness. Addressing the impact of social robots on reciprocity as a political ideal, the risk identified is a re-direction of resources from humans towards robots; social robots may threaten the ability to reciprocate to, and further may weaken the incentive to give back to, care workers.
Engaging in Deep Wonder at the Experience of Encountering a Lawnmower Robot
Authors: Soma Rebekka
Published: December 2020

In this paper, I engage in a deep wonder at the apparent animacy of robot technology. I elucidate on the nature of movement in living organisms, and how this movement is different from the movement of robots. Through the illustration of the Umwelt of a single-celled protozoan and a robot lawnmower, I identify fundamental differences in the purpose behind their movements.
Empathy and Instrumentalization: Late Ancient Cultural Critique and the Challenge of Apparently Personal Robots
Authors: Wales Jordan Joseph
Published: December 2020

According to a tradition that we hold variously today, the relational person lives most personally in affective and cognitive empathy, whereby we enter subjective communion with another person. Near future social AIs, including social robots, will give us this experience without possessing any subjectivity of their own. They will also be consumer products, designed to be subservient instruments of their users’ satisfaction. This would seem inevitable. Yet we cannot live as personal when caught between instrumentalizing apparent persons (slaveholding) or numbly dismissing the apparent personalities of our instruments (mild sociopathy). This paper analyzes and proposes a step toward ameliorating this dilemma by way of the thought of a 5th century North African philosopher and theologian, Augustine of Hippo, who is among those essential in giving us our understanding of relational persons. Augustine’s semiotics, deeply intertwined with our affective life, suggest that, if we are to own persuasive social robots humanely, we must join our instinctive experience of empathy for them to an empathic acknowledgment of the real unknown relational persons whose emails, text messages, books, and bodily movements will have provided the training data for the behavior of near-future social AIs. So doing, we may see simulation as simulation (albeit persuasive), while expanding our empathy to include those whose refracted behavioral moments are the seedbed of this simulation. If we naïvely stop at the social robot as the ultimate object of our cognitive and affective empathy, we will suborn the sign to ourselves, undermining rather than sustaining a culture that prizes empathy and abhors the instrumentalization of persons.
Mindreading in the Production of Culturally Sensitive Robot Behaviour
Authors: Smith Gary , Ornelas Mark L.
Published: December 2020

Once we have an idea of what culturally sustainable robotic behaviour looks like, we face the problem of how to get a robot to actually behave as such. We argue that for a robot to exhibit behaviour that conforms to the cultural values of the human environment they operate in; they must be equipped with the capability to mindread. Our argument follows from the observation that cultural norms can only be correctly applied when certain conditions are met, and that those conditions can refer to the internal states of the agents taking part in the interaction. Consequently, for an artificial agent to correctly apply a cultural norm, it must infer the internal states of other agents. If a cultural norm is incorrectly applied, then a human agent could consider the resulting behaviour inappropriate. This renders mindreading essential to produce behaviour that respects cultural expectations.
Stereotyping of Social Robots in Eldercare: An Explorative Analysis of Ethical Problems and Possible Solutions
Authors: Weßel Merle , Ellerich-Groppe Niklas , Schweda Mark
Published: December 2020

Due to demographic aging, the relevance of social robots in eldercare is increasing. Studies indicate that gender stereotypes can play an important role in human-robot interaction and could be used strategically to optimize care processes and outcomes. However, as gender roles among older people become more diverse and societal recognition of different needs and preferences grows, such stereotypical notions appear increasingly problematic. Against this backdrop, our contribution provides an explorative ethical analysis of gender stereotyping in social robotics for eldercare. Starting from a principlist approach, we map potential problems and conflicts and discuss possible solutions for culturally sustainable social robots for eldercare in late-modern pluralistic societies.
The Morality Menu Project
Authors: Bendel Oliver
Published: December 2020

The discipline of machine ethics examines, designs, and produces moral machines. The artificial morality is usually pre-programmed by a manufacturer or developer. However, another approach is the more flexible morality menu (MOME). With this, owners or users replicate their own moral preferences onto a machine. A team at the FHNW implemented a MOME for MOBO (a chatbot) in 2019/2020. In this article, the author introduces the idea of the MOME, presents the MOBO-MOME project, and discusses advantages and disadvantages of such an approach. It turns out that a morality menu could be a valuable extension for certain moral machines.
In Love with a Corporation Without Knowing It: An Asymmetrical Relationship
Authors: Boine Claire , Castets-Renard Céline , Clodic Aurélie , Alami Rachid
Published: December 2020

Most areas of the law rely on the assumption on free will, which manifests in the expression of consent. We examine the nature of human emotions toward fictional characters and social robots, and question the concept of consent in the context of these unreciprocated fictional relationships. We conclude that policies need to regulate the use of social robots in order to protect consumers, and especially vulnerable ones, from an asymmetry of power between them and robotic companies. We propose different statutory and design-based solutions depending on the purpose of the robots and the type of users.
Challenges for Sympathetic Robot Design
Authors: Quick Oliver Santiago
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses some challenges for the design of sympathetic robots, including a lack of conceptual clarity and the difficulty of quantifying an instance of sympathy. Candace Clark’s sociological sympathy account is offered as a solid theoretical basis for advancing the design and acceptance of sympathetic robots. The aspects of her theory relevant to HRI and some potential challenges in its implementation are discussed, as well as the alarming potential for sympathetic robots to act ideologically imperialistic, or to ‘nudge’ users across cultural boundaries.
Culturally Aware Social Robots That Carry Humans Inside Them, Protected by Defeasible Argumentation Systems
Authors: Bringsjord Selmer , Giancola Michael , Govindarajulu Naveen Sundar
Published: December 2020

After taking note of the conceptual fact that robots may well carry humans inside them, and more specifically that modern AI-infused cars, jets, spaceships, etc. can be viewed as such robots, we present a case study in which inconsistent attitude measurements resulted in the tragic crash in Sweden of such a jet and the death of both pilots. After setting out desiderata for an automated defeasible inductive reasoner able to suitably prevent such tragedies, we formalize the scenario in a first-order defeasible reasoner—OSCAR—and find that it can quickly generate a partial solution to the dilemma the pilots couldn’t conquer. But we then note and address the shortcomings of OSCAR relative to the desiderata, and adumbrate a solution supplied by a more expressive reasoner based on an inductive defeasible multi-operator cognitive calculus (ℐ𝒟𝒞ℰ𝒞) that is inspired by a merely deductive (monotonic) precursor (𝒟𝒞ℰ𝒞). Our solution in this calculus exploits both the social and cultural aspects of of the jet/robot we suggest be engineered in the future. After describing our solution, some remarks about related prior work follow, we present and rebut two objections, and then wrap up with a brief conclusion.
Social Models for Social Robotics
Authors: Clodic Aurélie , Dignum Frank , Fernández Castro Víctor , Hakli Raul
Published: December 2020

Social robotics is one of the most important emerging technologies, with potentially profound socio-cultural impact. However, the current interdisciplinary research areas of “social robotics” and “Human-Robot Interaction” (HRI) are not yet equipped with the necessary conceptual tools in order to design interactions between humans and robots. New approaches for effective yet context-adequate social interactions are needed, that observe overarching ethical principles and take larger socio-cultural perspectives into account. With this workshop, we aim to clarify questions arising with this new technology. How far can robots go—now and in the future—to fulfill the requirements of full-blown social agents? How and where do ethical requirements dovetail with the elements (conditions, principles, and procedures) for social agency? This workshop will be part of the “Toward a Framework for Joint Action” series (fja.sciencesconf.org).
Robots as Ideal Moral Agents per the Moral Responsibility System
Authors: Gogoshin Dane Leigh
Published: December 2020

Contrary to the prevailing view that robots cannot be full-blown members of the larger human moral community, I argue not only that they can but that they would be ideal moral agents in the way that currently counts. While it is true that robots fail to meet a number of criteria which some human agents meet or which all human agents could in theory meet, they earn a perfect score as far as the behavioristic conception of moral agency at work in our moral responsibility practices goes.
Should Robots Have Standing? The Moral and Legal Status of Social Robots
Authors: Gunkel David J.
Published: December 2020

This workshop investigates whether social robots should have moral and/or legal status. The question that guides the investigation—Should robots have standing?—refers to Christopher Stone’s landmark investigation of the status of natural objects and extends that method of inquiry to technological artifacts that have been designed to elicit and actualize social presence. The workshop assembles a group of interdisciplinary scholars/educators from across the globe, who have extensive experience researching the social impact and consequences of robots, and it aims to develop concrete guidelines for responding to and taking responsibility for the design and deployment of culturally sustainable social robots.
Could Autonomous Vehicles Become Accidental Autonomous Moral Machines?
Authors: Cunneen Martin
Published: December 2020

In this paper, I make two controversial claims. First, autonomous vehicles are de facto moral machines by building their decision architecture on necessary risk quantification and second, that in doing so they are inadequate moral machines. Moreover, this moral inadequacy presents significant risks to society. The paper engages with some of the key concepts in Autonomous Vehicle decisionality literature to reframe the problem of moral machine for Autonomous Vehicles. This is defended as a necessary step to access the meta questions that underlie Autonomous vehicles as machines making high value decisions regarding human welfare and life.
A case of neonatal diabetes insipidus following dexamethasone for bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Eid Haytham , Al Awad Essa , Yusuf Kamran
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND:

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a disease resulting from defects in the arginine vasopressin system responsible for regulating body water homeostasis. It is characterized by polyuria with increased serum osmolality and sodium and can result from congenital or acquired disorders.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:

A baby was admitted to NICU for extreme prematurity (25 weeks gestation), extreme low birth weight (900 grams) and respiratory distress. He received one dose of Surfactant and was ventilated using high frequency jet ventilation for development of pulmonary interstitial emphysema. After nine days, he still required high settings with development of early chronic lung changes in the form of atelectasis. Therefore, he was started on a course of dexamethasone following the DART study protocol (Dexamethasone: A Randomized Trial). However, after six days (cumulative dose of 0.75 mg/kg/day) he developed polyuria (7.4 ml/kg/h) with increased serum sodium (150 mmol/L) and osmolality (348 mmol/L). He lost 85 grams of his weight in 24 hours, which represented a 9.8 %weight loss. The findings were suggestive of DI and given there were no apparent causes other than dexamethasone, it was discontinued. Over the following 48 hours, polyuria and hypernatremia gradually resolved, reaching 3.5 ml/kg/h, and 140 mmol/L respectively.

CONCLUSION:

The use of dexamethasone is not an uncommon practice in tertiary care neonatal units. To our knowledge, our case is the first report of neonatal DI secondary to the use of dexamethasone. We recommend closely monitoring urine output and serum electrolytes in preterm infants receiving dexamethasone.
ОБЩИЙ КУЛЬТУРНЫЙ КОД НАРОДОВ ЕВРАЗИИ И ЕГО СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ФАКТОРЫ
Authors:   Государственный институт искусства и культуры Узбекистана, Алемасов Виктор
Published: December 2020

В статье утверждается мысль о том, что народы Евразии имеют не только собственные истории, культуры, менталитет и традиции, а также общий культурный код. Знание этого кода дает возможность создать общее евразийское культурное пространство, где многогранная интеграция и сотрудничество этносов, нации и государств обретают объективно закономерный характер.
СВЯЩЕННЫЕ ВОДЫ АЛТАЯ
Authors:   Горно-Алтайский государственный университет, Мукаева Лариса
Published: December 2020

В статье анализируется культ священных вод Алтая, как важнейшая составляющая сакрального и реального Алтая и в целом понятия «малой Родины». Для коренного населения Горного Алтая все водоемы: реки, озера, источники, аржаны священны. Им поклоняются, совершают моления, проводят обряды согласно многовековой практике. Такое понимание алтайцами священных вод своей земли пришло из глубины веков вместе с мифологией и древней верой – шаманизмом. Из всех рек Горного Алтая главной является Катунь – основной сакральный и мистический символ, играющий в историческом прошлом и настоящем важную роль в духовной культуре всех народов Алтая. В алтайской мифологии ей принадлежит само почетное место. С главной рекой Алтая связан и целый цикл легенд об алтайском созидателе-строителе Сартакпае. В статье доказывается, что священные воды – это символы тысячелетнего Алтая, его истории и культуры.
ПЕРВЫЕ ШАГИ В ОСВОЕНИИ ПЛЯСКИ – ОДНОЙ ИЗ ФОРМ ФОЛЬКЛОРНОЙ ХОРЕОГРАФИИ
Authors:   Алтайский краевой колледж культуры и искусств, Эйхольц Елена
Published: December 2020

Данная статья, посвящённая изучению и освоению такого жанра фольклорной хореографии как пляска, опирается на материалы полевых исследований в Алтайском крае,Новосибирской области и на многолетний опыт работы автора в Алтайском краевом колледже культуры и искусств по теме «Фольклорный танец». Статья может быть интересна руководителям фольклорных коллективов, студентам специализации «Народное художественное творчество», «Хореографическое творчество», преподавателям фольклорных отделений детских музыкальных школ и детских школ искусств, всем интересующимся русской традиционной культурой и фольклорной хореографией.
РАСШИРЕНИЕ СПЕКТРА АДАПТИВНЫХ УСЛУГ ДЛЯ ПОЛЬЗОВАТЕЛЕЙ С ОГРАНИЧЕННЫМИ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЯМИ ЗДОРОВЬЯ В АЛТАЙСКОЙ КРАЕВОЙ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОЙ БИБЛИОТЕКЕ ДЛЯ НЕЗРЯЧИХ И СЛАБОВИДЯЩИХ
Authors:   Алтайская краевая специальная библиотека для незрячих и слабовидящих, Черепанова Елена
Published: December 2020

В статье приводится опыт работы Алтайской краевой специальной библиотеки для незрячих и слабовидящих с людьми с ограниченными возможностями здоровья. Охарактеризованы современные формы и методы предоставления библиотечно-информационных услуг, раскрываются качественно новые возможности библиотечно-информационного обслуживания пользователей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья, обусловленные распространением цифровых технологий.
A Qualitative Exploration of Heuristics and Cognitive Biases in Auditor Judgements
Authors: Maradona Agus Fredy
Published: December 2020

Professional judgement is inherent in financial statement audits because various methods, techniques, or approaches prescribed in auditing standards do not provide auditors with detailed guidance or specific audit criteria. While auditors are expected to exercise their judgements based on careful reasoning, there is a possibility that they do not always follow such an approach and instead make their judgements using heuristics. This study aims to penetrate and reveal whether there are cognitive biases in the judgements of auditors and what heuristics lead to these biases. This study employs a qualitative research design and uses ethnomethodology as a research approach. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews with 15 auditors who were either partners, managers, seniors, or juniors at a public accounting firm. Using the heuristic-bias framework as a theoretical lens and based on an analysis involving data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification, this study identifies five types of biases that auditors can experience: jumping to conclusions, groupthink, representativeness, availability, and anchoring biases. The results of this study present practical implications for auditors, accounting professional associations, public accounting firms, and academic institutions. That is, the findings provide insights for formulating strategies aimed at raising auditors’ awareness about possible systematic errors, or biases, in professional judgements when auditors rely on heuristics as a simplifying judgement-making strategy.
IMPLEMENTASI SENSOR PHOTOCELL DAN PENANGKAL PETIR PADA PRODUK UMBRELLA ENERGY
Authors: Ramadhan Arief Dwi , Hidayat Rahmat , Nurpulaela Lela
Published: December 2020

Pada pemanfaatan payung multifungsi menggunakan Panel Surya dengan Sensor Photocell, atau dikenal dengan istilah Umbrella Energy merupakan salah satu energy terbarukan dengan memanfaatkan sinar matahari yang menghasilkan sebuah energy listrik, dimana panel surya dan baterai dapat menkonversikan sebuah energy listrik. Kekuatan daya pada baterai dapat menyimpan sebuah energy dengan merubah arus DC atau AC, sebuah payung multifungsi diberi panel surya untuk menyerap energy cahaya matahari sebagai pusat charger handphone sekaligus tempat untuk bersantai.  Payung multifungsi ini sudah di desaign dan di modifikasi pada bagian atap payung duntuk menyerap cahaya matahri. Dalam penelitian ini, digunakan 3 Panel Surya dengan kapasitas 30 WP, yang mana energi yang dihasilkan Panel Surya tersebut kemudian disimpan dalam baterai (accu) dengan kapasitas  12 volt 20 Ah. Inverter yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berkapasitas 300 watt sebagai pengubah tegangan DC 12 volt ke AC 220 volt, yang kemudian akan digunakan sebagai sumber energi listrik.
IoTTECH : TECHNOLOGY INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) UNTUK PENGATURAN OTOMATIS KELEMBABAN & TEMPERATUR RUANGAN BUDIDAYA JAMUR TIRAM (PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS)
Authors: Saptono Marcell Petrus , Andika Yusverison
Published: December 2020

Hasil dari alat IoTTech Internet of Things (IoT) budidaya Jamur Tiram mengontrol temperatur dan kelembaban ruangan rumah budidaya Jamur Tiram. Teknologi IOTTECH ini memiliki input sensor DHT11 untuk diproses ke Arduino mega dan ethernet shield sedangkan output alat ini adalah smartphone android, actuator, control kelembaban dan temperatur menggunakan aplikasi Blynk. Proses awal dengan sensor DHT11 mengirimkan data ke mikrokontroller untuk proses menampilkan nilai output humadity, LDR dan temperature, output ditampilkan pada smartphone android sebagai interface pemantauan dengan aplikasi Blynk sebagai monitoring dari jauh. Penelitian ini menghasilkan prototype untuk output humadity, LDR dan temperature udara pada rumah jamur dengan menggunakan Internet of Thing (IoT) menggunakan blynk. Pengaturan output humadity, LDR dan temperature  memafaatkan IoT melalui blynk, lebih efesien baik dari waktu dan biaya. Actuator akan hidup otomatas sesuai dengan humadity, LDR dan temperature yang sudah diatur.
SISTEM PERINGATAN DINI BANJIR SUNGAI REMU KOTA SORONG BERBASIS SMS GATEWAY
Authors: Allo Serli Liling , Martono Stefani Margareta
Published: December 2020

Naiknya level air sungai dari kondisi normalnya dapat menimbulkan kekhawatiran bagi masyarakat yang berada di sekitar sungai. Tak terkecuali warga yang bermukim di sekitar Sungai Remu Kota Sorong. Dari informasi beberapa warga yang tinggal di sekitar sungai Remu Kota Sorong, pada saat hujan lebat yang berlangsung lama, mereka harus bolak-balik ke belakang rumah mereka untuk mengecek tinggi air sungai karena khawatir air naik dengan cepat dan mereka tidak memiliki banyak waktu untuk menyelamatkan barang-barang maupun diri mereka. Oleh karena itu sangat penting untuk membuat sistem peringatan dini banjir bagi warga yang berada di sekitar Sungai Remu Kota Sorong. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi perancangan perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak. Berdasarkan metode yang digunakan telah berhasil dibuat sebuah alat yang dapat memberikan peringatan dini banjir dimana pada saat air berada pada jarak 5-15 cm dari bibir sungai warning light kuning akan menyala dan sms peringatan siaga akan dikirim ke nomor handphone tertentu. Selanjutnya jika jarak air ke bibir sungai 0-2 cm maka warning light merah dan sirene alarm akan menyala serta sms peringatan banjir akan terkirim.
ДІАГНОСТИКА ТУРБОКОМПРЕСОРА ДИЗЕЛЬНОГО ДВИГУНА ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ АНАЛІЗУ ВІБРОАКУСТИЧНОГО СПЕКТРУ
Authors: Варбанець Роман Анатолійович , Клименко Валентин Григорович , Мінчев Дмитро Степанович , Залож Віталій Іванович , Кирнац Владислав Іванович , Александровська Надія Ігорівна
Published: December 2020

The method considered in the article consists in the analysis of the vibroacoustic signal generated by the compressor of the gas turbocharger during the operation of the diesel engine under load. Spectral analysis shows that the compressor blades generate vibrations that are always present in the spectrum of the general vibration of a gas turbocharger, regardless of its technical condition. The "blade" harmonic in the spectrum corresponding to these oscillations is determined using the method of limitations. The then calculated instantaneous rotor speed of the turbocharger makes it possible to analyze the amplitude of the fundamental harmonic in the spectrum. For numerical analysis of the amplitude of the fundamental harmonic, the power leakage of the discrete spectrum is eliminated. Further analysis of the amplitude of the fundamental harmonic makes it possible to quickly assess the level of vibration of the rotor during operation. The first part of the experiment was carried out on a ship's main diesel engine 5S60MC at a crankshaft speed of 85 min-1. The recording and analysis of vibroacoustic signals from the TCA 66-20072 turbocharger was carried out. The analysis showed the possibility of highly accurate determination of the rotational speed and the relative amplitude of the turbocharger shaft oscillations. The second part of the experiment was carried out on an experimental stand, which is based on a KamAZ-740.10 engine with an original pressurization system. A turbocharger of the TKR-11 type is used as a pressurization unit. As a result of the experiment, it was shown that the method of diagnosing the operation of a turbocharger, which is based on the analysis of a vibroacoustic signal, can be extended not only to turbochargers of low-speed engines, but also to turbochargers of high-speed diesel engines. In this case, the spectrum of the measured signal contains harmonics, the frequencies of which make it possible to determine the crankshaft rotation frequency. It is also shown that measuring the signal outside the compressor, close to its casing, makes it possible to obtain all the necessary diagnostic parameters as accurately as when measuring the signal directly at the inlet to the compressor wheel. The method can be used in practice. To implement it, a smartphone and a computer with special software are enough. The proposed method can be used as the basis for a system for continuous monitoring of the frequency and vibration level of a marine diesel engine turbocharger.
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ ГРАНИЦЫ ОБЛАСТИ УСТОЙЧИВОЙ РАБОТЫ ОСЕВОГО МНОГОСТУПЕНЧАТОГО КОМПРЕССОРА ПРИ ВЫПОЛНЕНИИ РАСЧЕТНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ
Authors: Даценко Вадим Анатольевич , Дёмин Александр Евгеньевич , Пижанкова Наталия Владимировна
Published: December 2020

The implementation of the high requirements for modern gas turbine engines depends on the perfection of their components. The reliability of the engine operation is largely determined by the compressor gas-dynamic stability margin. In this paper, a review and analysis of some of the most common approaches to determining the boundary of the compressor gas-dynamic stability region calculation are performed. Based on the analysis, it is shown that the diffuser factor and the equivalent diffuser coefficient are the most suitable for the practice of computational studies at the stage of designing and adjusting the compressor. However, different literary sources present different ranges of the limiting values of these criteria, corresponding to the boundary of gas-dynamic stability, which, in turn, can significantly affect the compressor stability margin. In this regard, it becomes necessary to determine the limiting values of the diffusivity criteria, which can be used both in the design of a compressor and in the construction of a model of a gas turbine engine using the proprietary description of blade machines. To analyze these criteria, we calculated a two-dimensional flow in an axial multistage compressor of a modern by-pass engine using the AxSym software package developed at the Department of Theory of Aircraft Engines of the National Aerospace University "KhAI". A comparison of the calculated data with the results of a physical experiment is carried out. The features of the change in the diffuser factor and the equivalent diffusion ratio depending on the compressor operating mode are established. Dependences which allow approximating the values of these criteria for different rotational speeds are proposed. Recommendations which specify the limiting values of the diffuser factor and the equivalent diffusion ratio for various compressor operating modes are presented.
МАКРОСКОПІЧНА НЕОДНОРІДНІСТЬ ОПТИЧНИХ, ДІЕЛЕКТРИЧНИХ І ФОТОДІЕЛЕКТРИЧНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ КРИСТАЛІВ ZnSe
Authors: Чугай Олег Миколайович , Полубояров Олексій Олександрович , Олійник Сергій Володимирович , Волошин Олексій Олександрович , Зайцев Роман Валентинович , Кіріченко Михайло Валерійович
Published: December 2020

The subject matter of study in the article is the optical, dielectric and photodielectric properties of ZnSe crystals containing macroscopic structural inhomogeneities. The goal of this work is to study large-scale inhomogeneities in ZnSe crystals, which is important for determining the suitability of their application in technology. The tasks to be solved are: in a crystalline ZnSe ingot of cylindrical shape in the optical range at perpendicular to the light flux orientation of the sample axis to detect macroscopic inhomogeneities and establish their relationship with the features of the dielectric properties of the local regions of the ZnSe ingot; to investigate the influence of nonmonochromatic light flux on the distribution of dielectric parameters along the axis of the ZnSe ingot containing areas of macroscopic inhomogeneities. The problems were solved by the following methods: the homogeneity of the zinc selenide ingot was studied by the polarization-optical photoelasticity method; the photometry method was used to study the intensity distribution of the light scattered by the sample perpendicular to its axis; the dielectric properties of a crystalline ZnSe ingot were investigated by the capacitive method. The following results were obtained. In ZnSe crystals regions of three types were found: isotropic, weakly anisotropic, and anisotropic. Sharp changes in the intensity of scattered light are observed in the region of large-scale optical inhomogeneity, and light scattering in this region occurs anisotropically. The angular dependences of C and tgδ at an electric field frequency of 1 kHz are obtained for the region of large-scale optical anisotropy. The changes in dielectric parameters under the action of nonmonochromatic light along the sample axis are measured. Conclusions. It was found that ZnSe crystals are characterized by large-scale inhomogeneities of the investigated properties. A close relationship is noted between the optical and electrophysical properties, which is probably due to the mutual influence of two-dimensional and point defects on the formation of a defect structure during the growth and further cooling of the crystal.
DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAGNETRON SYSTEM FOR SPUTTERING, DEPOSITION, AND NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS
Authors: Breus Andrii , Serdiuk Oleksii , Ruzaikin Vasyl , Baranov Oleg
Published: December 2020

Magnetron sputtering is known for years as a powerful tool for coating deposition of cutting tools and machine parts. However the experimental measurements of the magnetron discharge parameters are still necessary to provide a consumer of the magnetron system with the reliable characteristics. A voltage-current relation is the most applied characteristic of the discharge, and it is described as the power low of a type U = U0 + aIn, where U and I are the voltage drop and the discharge current, respectively, and U0 and n are constant. First part of the research is dedicated to the experiments conducted in the magnetron setup provided with the titanium cathode in a vacuum chamber filled with argon or argon-nitrogen mixture, and the constants are determined for the particular geometry of the magnetron sputtering system. The obtained results can be used to choose the operation modes for the traditional applications of the magnetron discharge such as ion cleaning and heating of the non-magnetic workpieces arranged on the cathode, as well as for the sputtering deposition of the titanium and titanium nitride coatings on the surfaces of the workpieces located above the magnetron cathode. In the next part of the research the novel application of the magnetron for production of carbon nanostructures is considered. For the purpose, a layer of expanded graphite is arranged on the magnetron cathode, and the discharge is initiated in oxygen atmosphere. It was found that for the time interval of a few hours the discharge is described as a superposition of the typical magnetron glow with arc spot generation, and the intensity of the arcs is not decreased with time. At that, the arc initiation was accompanied with the formation of clusters of the graphite cathode. The process is explained in terms of the cathode spot generation at the interaction of the arc plasma with the non-melting material. This process can be beneficial for the development of the plasma reactors for the large-scale production of the carbon species at the low gas pressures suitable for the magnetron discharge operation. Thus, the magnetron sputtering systems provided with the expanded graphite cathode can be considered as the tool to grow carbon nanospecies in the arc discharge cathode spots.