bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Good Corporate Governance and Company Size on Company Financial Performance
Authors: Bellen Atalya , Muktiadji Nusa , Pardede Robert Pius
Published: February 2025

Bank companies are one of the sectors that encourage the pace of Indonesian economic growth. In order to run its business, banks are required to implement good corporate governance to minimize aberrations that might impact the company's financial performance. The Board of directors, ownership structure, and firm size are some of the most important parts of maintaining the bank business through the good corporate governance mechanism. This research was conducted to analyze and to study the influence of the size of the board of directors, institutional ownership, managerial ownership, and firm size on the company's financial performance that is projected on return on assets, where an empirical study was carried out on banking companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the 2019-2022 period. The sample for this research came from 22 companies that met the purposive sampling criteria, where the companies were multiplied by 4 periods to obtain 88 samples. The results of this research show that partially, there is an influence of institutional ownership on financial performance. In contrast, the size of the board of directors, managerial ownership, and firm size have no partial effect on financial performance. Then for simultaneous testing, there is the influence of good corporate governance (board of director size, institutional ownership, managerial ownership), and firm size on financial performance.
 
Keywords: Good Corporate Governance, Board of Director Size, Institutional Ownership, Managerial Ownership, Firm Size, Return On Assets
A Study of Cannabis Legalization and Taxation: : Focusing on the Constitutionality Debate in the United States
Authors:   KOREAN SOCIETY OF TAX LAW, Lee Chang-Kyu
Published: February 2025

As the debate over marijuana legalization has intensified worldwide, the issue of marijuana taxation has become an important one. In particular, in the United States, marijuana has been legalized in some states and the related industry is growing, but marijuana taxation has become a topic of debate due to constitutional issues. Although the issue of marijuana taxation has not yet been addressed much in Korea, US precedents could have an impact on our marijuana industry in the distant future. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze advanced cases and seek appropriate taxation methods that suit the Korean situation. In the United States, IRC § 280E means that marijuana producers cannot deduct business expenses and have to pay high taxes. Many companies have filed lawsuits alleging that this is unconstitutional, but the courts have ruled that IRC § 280E is not unconstitutional for marijuana industries that are legally operated under state law.
In a recent precedent, the court also determined that the restriction on expense deductions for the marijuana industry is necessary because marijuana is still illegal at the federal level. Thus, marijuana legalization goes beyond a simple issue of personal freedom to a complex issue that has a wide-ranging impact on various areas such as society, economy, and law. In particular, taxation is an important issue that must be considered when discussing marijuana legalization. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of constitutional issues and suggests suggestions, focusing on the marijuana tax debate in the United States. Suggestions can be obtained from a variety of aspects, including the preparation of tax standards due to the emergence of new industries, the definition of income, cost recognition standards, court interpretations, and constitutional interpretations. When discussing marijuana legalization in Japan, we must also consider these various aspects comprehensively and establish rational policies.
Analysis of Temperature and Relative Humidity Distributions in a Dental Treatment Room at a Government Health Clinic in Malaysia
Authors: Yahaya Mohamad Nazrin , Mohamad Razlan Zuradzman , Eswanto Eswanto , Maruyama Naoki , Abdul Rahman Anas , Yahya Muhd Nur Rahman , Abu Bakar Shahriman , Rani Muhammad Faiz Hilmi
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the vertical distribution of temperature and relative humidity within dental treatment rooms at a Government Type 3 Health Clinic in Gial Perlis, Malaysia, addressing a significant gap in the literature regarding environmental conditions in dental healthcare settings. Precise measurements were conducted at four specific heights 0.3 m, 1.0 m, 1.7 m, and 2.7 m utilizing calibrated digital thermometers with hygrometers to capture accurate environmental data. The collected data were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to assess the significance of variations across these levels. Results revealed statistically significant differences in both temperature and relative humidity (p < 0.05). At the uppermost level (2.7 m), the highest mean temperature of 22.1°C and a mean relative humidity of 68.2% were recorded, while the lowest level (0.3 m) exhibited the lowest mean temperature of 20.9°C and the highest mean relative humidity of 73.8%. Temperatures at the patient level (1.0 m and 1.7 m) averaged between 21.0 °C and 21.6°C, which is slightly below the optimal comfort range of 22°C to 26°C. These vertical gradients indicate that the existing HVAC systems may not be effectively regulating indoor conditions, potentially impacting patient comfort, the performance of temperature-sensitive dental materials, and the effectiveness of infection control measures due to altered aerosol behaviour. The findings underscore the necessity of optimizing HVAC designs to achieve uniform temperature and humidity distributions within dental treatment rooms. This research provides valuable insights for healthcare professionals and policymakers, emphasizing the importance of tailored environmental management strategies to enhance patient comfort, procedural outcomes, and safety in dental healthcare settings.
Quantification of Polyphenols Content and Antioxidant Activity of Euphorbia tirucalli L. Extracted using Maceration and Soxhlet Method
Authors: Ibrahim Alwani , Mohammad Nur Farahiyah , Kasim Khairul Farihan , Mohd Nasir Nashrul Fazli , Md Salleh Siti Shuhadah , Sangar Mangalagowri , Mohd Daud Farah Diana , Navea Roy Francis
Published: February 2025

Euphorbia tirucalli L. (E. tirucalli) has gained attention for these past few years in terms of its phytochemical studies due to the antioxidant attribution of polyphenols source as its bioactive compounds in extracts. In order to extract important plant compounds, conventional extraction methods such as maceration and Soxhlet are still widely incorporated for plant extraction techniques due to their convenient application in laboratory settings. This study focused on the two conventional techniques; maceration and Soxhlet on polyphenols extraction of E. tirucalli using various extraction solvents. In order to provide insight into its potential for polyphenols extraction, yield percentage (%) and phytochemical tests such as Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), and antioxidant activity (%) were assessed. In terms of yield percentage, Soxhlet methanolic extract was found to be the best. The findings also suggest that both maceration and Soxhlet techniques are effective in extracting a significant amount of phenolics and flavonoid content in which highest value recorded were 17.26 ± 0.23 mgGAE/100g and 50.08 ± 1.13 mgQE/100g for maceration while 16.17 ± 0.21 mgGAE/100g and 43.02 ± 0.01 mgQE/100g for Soxhlet. Maceration with methanol solvent appears to be more effective for TPC and TFC while Soxhlet acetonic extract is chosen as the best for antioxidant activity with 75 .79 ± 0.04 % of radical scavenging activity in E. tirucalli extract. Thus, this study indicates the noteworthy potential of both maceration and Soxhlet techniques for polyphenols extraction.
Impact of Salary, Promotion and Recognition on Work Motivation among Manufacturing Employees in Penang
Authors: Vasudevan Hemaloshinee , Nathan Juanita Alphanso
Published: February 2025

Businesses must prioritize employee wellbeing over letting them go, as it is more important to maintain employees than to let them go. Employee motivation is a crucial factor that can significantly boost productivity and enable an organization to achieve higher production levels. A motivated workforce is crucial for businesses to avoid facing dangerous situations. To maintain competitiveness, organizations must keep a motivated and competent workforce. Occasionally, a decrease in employee motivation can result in a lack of interest and failure to achieve specific objectives. New employees often experience dissatisfaction, disengagement, and disloyalty when they perceive mistreatment and unfair treatment in their workplace. This study aims to identify the factors (salary, rewards, and promotion) influencing employee motivation in a manufacturing company in Penang. The study employs convenience sampling with nonprobability sampling, utilizing the PLS-SEM sample size table to determine the sample size. The population is 2,274,146 employees in Penang's manufacturing sector. This study uses a 124 sample size with an 80% statistical power, distributed to 136 employees in a Penang manufacturing company. The study employs a quantitative method based on descriptive analysis to accurately define and explain employee motivation within a manufacturing company in Penang. The hypothesis testing results confirm H1 and H3, while rejecting H2 due to its impact on promotion and motivation at work. Employees should stay updated on the latest technologies and industry news to promote development and growth in their jobs, thereby qualifying for a better remuneration package. To gain a competitive edge, organizations should implement competitive employee policies and procedures and ensure their rewards system aligns with employee skills to retain and motivate them.
Taxonomic Significance of Leaf Epidermis, Lamina and Venation of Selected Hoya R.Br. Species in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Talip Noraini , Ishak Mardhatillah , Basir Nur Syazwani , Zohari Ahmad Fitri , Abdul Rahman Mohamad Ruzi
Published: February 2025

This study focused on five species of Hoya, namely H. mcgregorii Schltr, H. ischnopus Schltr., H. pubicalyx Merr., H. flavescens Schltr and H. micrantha Hook.f. The objective of this study was to list common, variations and diagnostics characteristics of the anatomical and micromorphological characteristics of the veins, lamina and epidermis of the Hoya species studied and to construct a dichotomous key for species identification based on the characteristics obtained. Methods applied in this anatomical study involved sample preservation with AA solution, sliding microtome sections, leaf epidermal sections, leaf clearing and observation under a light microscope. The study of leaf micromorphological characteristics involved critical drying point, gold plating and observation under a scanning electron microscope. The results of this study showed that there are similarities and differences between the studied species. Common features observed in this study are the presence of latex, the layer and size of epidermal cells, the anticlinal wall pattern of epidermal cells and the type of wax on the leaf surface. The variation characteristics observed were leaf margins and lamina, stomatal index, type of stomata and trichomes that present in species studied. Several diagnostic features were observed in certain species. A dichotomous key for species identification has been constructed from the leaf anatomy and micromorphology characteristics found in this study, which then has taxonomic value.
Nurturing Creativity and Innovation in Students: Embracing Holistic Approaches through Brain Hemispheres, Heart-Brain Coherence, and Cardiognosis
Authors: Palaniappan Sellappan , Logeswaran Rajasvaran , Yong Yoke Leng , Khanam Shapla , Saw Yi Jiau
Published: February 2025

The capacity for creativity and innovation has become increasingly crucial in today's dynamic world, where adaptability and forward-thinking are essential for success. Drawing from recent advances in neuroscience, quantum physics, and consciousness studies, this paper explores a holistic approach to fostering creativity and innovation in students. Through the integration of cognitive, emotional, and interpersonal dimensions, we develop and validate a machine learning framework that predicts creative capabilities based on physiological measurements and consciousness markers. Our findings demonstrate strong predictive accuracy for problem-solving abilities (R² = 0.8357) and creative potential (R² = 0.7708), while revealing the complexity of interpersonal creativity (R² = 0.2162). The study shows significant correlations between beta waves and problem-solving (r = 0.91), and between coherence scores and creative potential (r = 0.77). These results suggest that focused intention and heart-brain coherence can systematically enhance creative development across multiple dimensions, from individual innovation to interpersonal collaboration. The research provides a quantitative foundation for implementing holistic creativity enhancement in educational settings.
Research on the Works and Techniques of Representative Inheritors of Yang's Clay Sculptures from 1980 to Present
Authors: WANG QINQIN , Syed Alwi Syed Abu Bakar  , Niu Ruilin
Published: February 2025

Clay sculpture is a traditional Chinese folk art. Clay sculpture has the appearance characteristics of beautiful shape, realistic image, bright color, showing a strong sense of life. 2005, by the China Folk Arts and Crafts Association of colored sculpture professional committee identification, at present retains the inheritance of a hundred years of history, and inherited more than three generations of colored sculpture art a total of thirteen, which comes from the five northwestern provinces of Shaanxi Fenxiang clay sculpture and inheritance of the Yang family clay sculpture in Ningxia has been nearly 200 years, showing the The Yellow River Basin has a long and heavy cultural heritage. The culture of mud sculpture in the Yellow River basin has a long history. Ningxia Yang Clay Sculpture is a unique clay craft in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Yang clay sculpture was born in the Yang family of Yang Po Village, Wenbao Township, Longde County, with rich connotation, good at expressing religious ideals and life emotions through artistic idol modeling, and has high research value in folklore, history and culture. Yang clay sculpture has a history of nearly 200 years since its birth, and is an excellent national folk art inherited through the wisdom and creativity of several generations, with a strong level of traditional statue-making art. In the long process of development and evolution, Yang clay sculpture has formed a unique style of clay sculpture different from that of other regions, presenting a unique spiritual temperament. Through the method of literature survey and interviews, this paper studies the works and technical development of Yang clay sculpture after 1980, focuses on the works and craft characteristics of the representative inheritors of Yang clay sculpture of the fourth, fifth and sixth generations, summarizes the important achievements developed and obtained by Yang clay sculpture, and comes to the conclusion that Yang's clay sculpture has the technical characteristics of unique skills, colorful diversity, and strict standardization. Through in-depth exploration and understanding of this ancient art, it is also possible to better transmit and develop this valuable intangible cultural heritage.
Functional Sculpture: Pinball Machine
Authors: Nor Aiman Sukindar  , Haji Hajizul Alya Darwisyah , Hj Mohamad Yakop Nur Ain Jazrina , Muhammad Hamizan Zaini
Published: February 2025

Article history: This research delves into the design and development of a functional sculpture representing the School of Design. To establish a clear understanding of student preferences, a comprehensive survey was conducted, capturing the diverse interests and design sensibilities of the student body. Following this, the Pugh method was employed for concept selection, facilitating a systematic evaluation of multiple design ideas. The chosen design—a pinball machine—seamlessly integrates elements of surrealism and fantasy, while serving a practical purpose. The sculpture incorporates architectural, fashion, and product design elements, creating an interactive and engaging representation of the school. The design utilizes materials such as plywood and PLA (Polylactic Acid) for its construction, with the implementation of Arduino technology and sensors to enhance interactivity. Wave-inspired forms, symbolic lighting, and carefully crafted spatial experiences result in a multi-sensory and immersive artwork that reflects the creative spirit of the School of Design.
Designing Future-Ready Education: Criteria for AI Learning Tool Selection and AI Learning Design
Authors: Goh Kok Ming , Mansor Mahaliza , Syariff M. Fuad Dayang Rafidah , Juharyanto Juharyanto
Published: February 2025

The digital age is moving fast, and we are in the era of Artificial Intelligence. The increasing advancements in technology facilitate humans to interact more easily with computers. Edu 4.0 refers to Education 4.0, it is a process of integrating the internet with education and devising ways in which an educational system could be more student-centric and align itself according to the fourth industrial age. AI technology can assist in establishing interactive learning environments. Malaysia has rolled out its Digital Education Policy to create a digitally literate nation. However, selecting the AI learning tools is difficult given their plethora of tools. There is an increasing need to identify the selection criteria and learning design for maximizing the use of AI tools. This paper aimed to identify criteria for selecting AI tools and develop a learning design for their application in education. The study used snowball sampling to analyze eleven literature studies and develop a comprehensive framework using content analysis. The paper identified the AI tools selection criteria: 1) Personalization and Adaptability; 2) Motivation and Engagement; 3) Real Time Feedback and Data; 4) Security and Transparency; 5) User Experience and Accessibility; 6) Critical and Collaborative Thinking; and 7) Emotional and Psychological Support. A learning design was formulated and validated by experts through the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) based on the criteria and aligned with the requirements of Web 4.0 and EDU 4.0 to help educators with AI tools. In conclusion, the integration of AI in education requires careful selection of AI learning tools, a solid design, and reiterative development to meet changing needs. Future research should explore AI's impact on student outcomes, teacher professional development, and ethical considerations. This will help create a digitally compliant educational system that prepares future-ready students for an interconnected digital world.
Application of Different Distance Metrics on K-Means Clustering Algorithm for Retinal Vessel Images
Authors: Muhammad Nazim Nor’ Awatif Amri , Abdul Hadi Normi , Ilias Mohd Rijal , Kurniasari Dian , Abd Halim Suhaila
Published: February 2025

Accurate segmentation of retinal blood vessels is important for the early detection and treatment of a variety of ocular disorders, including diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. There are various methods used in image segmentation and one of them is K-means clustering. The problems of K-means clustering are its initial cluster centres, the spherical clusters’ assumption, and the hard assignment of the pixels to the clusters, which has led to the improvements of the algorithm. These problems are closely related to the choice of distance metrics. In this study, the following objectives have been set that are to implement different distance metrics that are Euclidean, Manhattan, Chebychev and Mahalanobis distances in the K-means clustering algorithm to enhance retinal blood vessel segmentation and to measure the performance of the algorithms using accuracy, precision, recall, Dice Similarity coefficients (DSCs) and Jaccard similarity coefficients (JSCs). The retinal images are processed by choosing the green channel as it shows better visuals. Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalisation (CLAHE) is applied in the next step, followed by hole filling in order to improve the quality of the image. Next, we segment the blood vessels using K-means clustering. We apply each distance measurement separately to evaluate its impact on segmentation performance. We evaluate the segmentation algorithms’ performance using ground truth and quantitative metrics. We implement the process using MATLAB. The results indicate that the choice of the distance metric significantly affects the segmentation accuracy. The Mahalanobis distance provides the best-balanced results between accuracy, precision, recall, Dice Similarity coefficient (DSC) and Jaccard similarity coefficient (JSC). Based on the findings, it is recommended to use Mahalanobis distance for optimal segmentation performance for retinal blood vessel images as it is suitable in identifying complex structures of vessels in the retinal.
Teachers' Perspectives on the Use of Basic Mathematical Operations Skills Modules for Dyscalculia Students
Authors: Liang Soon Vestly Kong , Salim Mardiana , Chong Ai Peng
Published: February 2025

Some pupils struggle with math due to dyscalculia, a condition that makes learning and working with numbers difficult. As agents of 21st-century education, teachers play a crucial role in applying student-centered, engaging methods to support these pupils effectively. To enhance our understanding of how to effectively support dyscalculic students, this study explores teachers' perspectives on the use of specialized modules for basic mathematical operations. The thoughtfully designed module aims to provide a structured and visually engaging learning experience, specifically tailored to address the unique challenges faced by students with dyscalculia. The design of this study uses qualitative approaches by using semi-structured interviews and observations to determine how the modules are used to teach basic arithmetic operations to dyscalculic students, verify whether the use of these modules would help dyscalculic students catch up with their peers in math performance, and find out teachers' barriers with handling the modules. The study sample consisted of three special education mathematics teachers. The findings show all of the three respondents use the basic mathematical operations skills module for dyscalculic students weekly during math lessons. Results indicate that providing modules tailored to the abilities and needs of dyscalculic students is crucial for overcoming their math difficulties. This study also reveals an effective strategy when students struggle in math. However, one of the most important challenges special education math teachers is the problem of student attendance. Nevertheless, research involving the mathematical skills of dyscalculia students can be further improved by looking for the development of teaching and learning of special education teachers and students. The implications of this paper are significant, offering a foundation for designing models and modules tailored for dyscalculic students and developing suitable instruments to enhance their learning experience.
Importance of Hypoglycaemia Kits in Mental Health Settings
Authors: Achuthan Sai , Pettit Carole , Barker Dave
Published: February 2025

Hypoglycaemia management kits (HMKs) are increasingly recognised as a crucial component of care in mental health hospitals, particularly for patients with diabetes or those on medications that affect glucose metabolism. Emerging evidence suggests that the implementation of HMKs in these settings has significant benefits in both clinical and psychological outcomes. Properly stocked kits, which typically include glucose tablets, glucagon, and syringes, enable quick and effective treatment of hypoglycaemic events, reducing the risk of severe complications such as seizures, coma, or death.
Studies show that patients with mental health conditions, especially those taking antipsychotic medications, are at increased risk of developing metabolic disturbances, including hypoglycaemia. HMKs help mitigate these risks, improving patient safety and contributing to better management of comorbid conditions. Additionally, the presence of these kits can alleviate anxiety among patients and staff, enhance confidence in managing medical emergencies, and reduce the burden on healthcare professionals by preventing preventable hospitalizations.
While data on long-term outcomes is still limited, current evidence supports the integration of HMKs into standard care protocols within mental health hospitals as a means of improving both physical and mental health outcomes, and promoting a more holistic, patient-centred approach to care. Further research is needed to refine guidelines and assess the cost-effectiveness of HMK use in this population.
Impact of Diagnostic Uncertainty in Modern Psychiatry
Authors: Chaturvedi Shailja
Published: February 2025

Diagnosis remains a crucial aspect of treatment, prognosis, and recovery, and therefore indispensable for any progress in medicine. Psychiatry, the branch of medicine focused on mental health, has evolved significantly over the decades. However, more than any other branch of medicine, psychiatry is still in a stage of early evolution – defining diagnosis and treatment, and its delivery to patients. Despite research investment, funding of specialist institutions and development of a highly qualified workforce, the progress in alleviating the mental distress in the community remains disappointingly suboptimal. It is thought that the significant expansion of diagnoses in psychiatry, often without firm scientific evidence, is one of the reasons behind the apparent lack of progress in provision of adequate mental health services.
Diagnosing psychiatric conditions remains a complex and nuanced process. Unlike other medical specialties, psychiatry lacks definitive biological markers for most conditions, relying heavily on subjective assessments, patient self-reports, and behavioural observations. This introduces several diagnostic dilemmas that challenge even the most experienced clinicians.
As the advent of disease specific treatment protocol heightens the necessity of accurate diagnostic procedures, this article explores the familiar challenges in modern psychiatric diagnosis and highlights their implications for patients as well as healthcare providers. Despite promising research, no single biological marker has yet been unequivocally identified for mental disorder.
On Invariants of Constant $p$-Mean Curvature Surfaces in the Heisenberg Group $H_1$
Authors:   National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, Chiu Hung-Lin , Lai Sin-Hua ,   National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taiwan, Liu Hsiao-Fan ,   Tamkang University,Taiwan
Published: February 2025

One primary objective in submanifold geometry is to discover fascinating and significant classical examples of $H_1$. In this paper which relies on the theory we established in [Adv. Math. 405 (2022), 08514, 50 pages, arXiv:2101.11780] and utilizing the approach we provided for constructing constant $p$-mean curvature surfaces, we have identified intriguing examples of such surfaces. Notably, we present a complete description of rotationally invariant surfaces of constant $p$-mean curvature and shed light on the geometric interpretation of the energy $E$ with a lower bound.
Empirical analysis of the impact of technology import on industrial innovation in China: a technology expenditure perspective
Authors: Li Bingqiang , Zu Xueru , Chen Min , Li Jinzhi , Shen Guihua , Wang Shan
Published: February 2025

Promoting steady industrial innovation through technology import is an important initiative to accelerate innovation-driven and high-quality economic development in China. In this study, a model of the impact of technology import on industrial innovation is constructed from the perspective of technology expenditure, and empirical analysis is made by employing panel data from 2011 to 2019 in China. There exists obvious regional and industrial differences in the level of technological innovation and the intensity of technology import in China. The econometric results indicate that technology import and industrial innovation are complementary generally, but in the eastern region, as well as the labor- and the technology-intensive industries appear to be substitute. There are obvious regional differences when considering the impact of the interaction items, and the acceleration of technology digestion and absorption is conducive to the improvement of innovation, while that on various industries fail the significant test except for the technology-intensive industry.
The Bolometric Light-curve Modeling of 98 Type I Superluminous Supernovae Using the Magnetar- and the Circumstellar Interaction Models Reveals Surprisingly High Ejecta Masses
Authors: Könyves-Tóth Réka
Published: February 2025

We present the bolometric light-curve modeling of 98 hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) using three types of power inputs: the magnetar model and two kinds of circumstellar interaction models, applying the constant density and the steady wind scenario. The quasi-bolometric luminosities of the objects were calculated from the Zwicky Transient Facility g- and r-band data using the methodology of Chen et al., and then they were modeled with the Minim code. It was found that the light curves of 45 SLSNe-I can be fitted equally well with both the magnetar and the circumstellar material (CSM) models, 14 objects prefer the magnetar model, and 39 SLSNe-I favor the CSM model. The magnetar modeling yielded a mean spin period of P = 4.1 ± 0.20 ms and a magnetic field of B = 5.65 ± 0.43 · 1014 G, consistent with the literature. However, the ejected mass was estimated to be significantly larger compared to previous studies presenting either multicolor light-curve modeling with MOSFiT or bolometric light-curve modeling: we obtained a mean value and standard error of 34.26 and 4.67 M
⊙, respectively. The circumstellar interaction models resulted in even larger ejecta masses with a mean and standard error of 116.82 and 5.97 M
⊙ for the constant density model, and 105.99 and 4.50 M
⊙ for the steady wind model. Although the ejected mass depends strongly on the electron scattering opacity (assumed to be κ = 0.2 in this work) and the ejecta velocity, which were estimated to be globally larger compared to earlier studies, our results suggest that SLSNe-I are indeed explosions of the most-massive stars.
Measuring Star Formation Rates in the Milky Way from Hi-GAL 70 μm Observations
Authors: Elia Davide , Evans Neal J. , Soler Juan D. , Strafella Francesco , Schisano Eugenio , Molinari Sergio , Giannetti Andrea , Patra Sudeshna
Published: February 2025

Three methods for computing the total star formation rate (SFR) of the Milky Way agree well with a reference value of 1.65 ± 0.19 M
⊙ yr−1. They are then used to determine the radial dependence of the SFR and face-on map for the Milky Way. First, the method based on a model of star formation in Hi-GAL-defined dense clumps, adjusted for an increase in the gas-to-dust ratio with Galactocentric radius, predicts 1.65 ± 0.61 M
⊙ yr−1. Second, the method using the 70 μm emission, commonly used in other galaxies, with a technique to assign distances to the extended emission, predicts

1.4

2

−
0.44

+
0.63

M
⊙ yr−1. Finally, a method based on theoretical predictions of star formation efficiency as a function of virial parameter, with masses corrected for metallicity dependence, applied to a catalog of molecular clouds also predicts a value in agreement at 1.47 M
⊙ yr−1. The three methods predict the radial variation of the SFR, with remarkably good agreement from the Central Molecular Zone out to about 20 kpc. More differences were seen in face-on maps with a resolution of 0.5 kpc made with the three approaches and in comparisons to the local (within 3 kpc) SFR, indicating limitations of the methods when applied to smaller scales. The 70 μm SFR follows very closely the surface density of molecular gas, corrected for a metallicity-dependent CO conversion factor. A molecular gas depletion time of 1 Gyr is consistent with the data, as is a molecular Kennicutt–Schmidt relation with a power-law slope of 1.10 ± 0.06.
Cancer du col de l’utérus en France : tendances de l’incidence et de la mortalité jusqu’en 2018
Authors: Woronoff Anne-Sophie , Hamers F. F. , Réseau français des registres de ca
Published: February 2025

L’objectif de cet article est de dresser un état des lieux du fardeau du cancer du col de l’utérus (CCU) en France et des tendances d’incidence et de mortalité à partir des estimations les plus récentes au niveau national et infranational. En 2018, en France métropolitaine, le nombre de nouveaux diagnostics de CCU est estimé à 2 920 et le nombre de décès par CCU à 1 117. Les estimations d’incidence territoriales révèlent une hétérogénéité géographique importante. La diminution de l’incidence et de la mortalité observée depuis plusieurs décennies se poursuit, mais à un rythme décroissant. Les analyses d’incidence par âge et cohorte de naissance indiquent que le ralentissement de la baisse de l’incidence est probablement dû à une augmentation de l’exposition aux papillomavirus humains à haut risque oncogène (HPV-HR), résultant de modifications dans les comportements sexuels. Les données suggèrent que l’impact de l’augmentation de la transmission du HPV-HR sur l’incidence et la mortalité du CCU a été contrebalancée par l’effet du dépistage mais que cet effet s’essouffle et qu’il existe un risque d’inversion des tendances. Une meilleure couverture de la vaccination contre le HPV, jusqu’ici très insuffisante (< 25 %), combinée à un programme de dépistage organisé fondé sur le test HPV est indispensable à l’élimination du cancer du col de l’utérus, déclarée priorité de santé publique par l’Organisation mondiale de la santé.
L’histoire matérielle de La Vierge et l’Enfant en majesté entourés de six anges (Maestà) de Cimabue (MR 159 puis inv. 254)
Authors: Lauwick Béatrice
Published: February 2025

Après la chute de l’Empire en 1815, La Vierge et l’Enfant en majesté entourés de six anges (Maestà) de Cimabue et le Saint François d’Assise recevant les stigmates de Giotto, deux œuvres monumentales provenant de l’église San Francesco de Pise demeurent au Musée royal, futur musée du Louvre, au sein duquel les deux œuvres vont connaître un parcours parallèle. Mais seul le Cimabue présente au revers un imposant parquetage non daté jusqu’à présent. La recherche dans le fonds des Archives des musées nationaux permet de comprendre le déroulement des différentes interventions sur le support : François-Toussaint Hacquin se limite à des recollages pour consolider le support à l’arrivée de l’œuvre, mais c’est Jean Abraham Landry qui pose, en septembre 1845, le parquet visible aujourd’hui, entraînant l’amincissement du panneau et la pose d’une nouvelle immatriculation. Exposé successivement dans différentes salles du musée, le tableau ne quitte les cimaises que pour son évacuation en 1939. Entretemps, des bichonnages et des mesures conservatoires se succèdent in situ.
La Maestà de Cimabue. Construction du support, modifications, restaurations et fortune critique
Authors: Ravaud Élisabeth , Graindorge Lamour Jonathan
Published: February 2025

La restauration de la Maestà du Louvre a été l’occasion unique d’étudier le support de l’une des œuvres sur bois parmi les plus grandes qui soient dans la seconde moitié du xiiie siècle en Italie. Les principes de construction seront décrits en les replaçant dans leur contexte historique, notamment par rapport à l’enjeu des constructions monumentales de l’époque. L’emploi de traverses en écharpe identifiées grâce à leurs traces est plus particulièrement considéré dans une perspective historique. L’intervention minime sur le support témoigne d’un état de conservation actuel satisfaisant après la lourde intervention du xixe siècle.
Les ors de Cimabue : naissance, évolution et affirmation d’un système décoratif
Authors: Bohl Thomas
Published: February 2025

Cet article cherche à mettre en lumière les spécificités du répertoire ornemental employé par Cimabue dans le décor des éléments de dorure de ses œuvres peintes. En dépit du nombre réduit d’œuvres attribuées au peintre aujourd’hui conservées, une étude minutieuse de ses créations permet de comparer entre elles des œuvres peintes à différents moments de sa carrière et de suivre l’évolution du traitement de certains des motifs. Il semble possible de montrer que l’artiste a, dans un premier temps, expérimenté plusieurs solutions techniques et ornementales, avant de stabiliser vers 1280 un répertoire dont nous mettons en évidence les principaux éléments (fleur étoilée, rinceau trilobé, motifs géométriques des nimbes crucifères). Par la suite, le peintre remploie ce dernier de manière quasi systématique, avec une constance et une fidélité surprenante. Ce répertoire fut également utilisé par des artistes qui durent fréquenter son atelier et reprendre à leur compte certains des motifs caractéristiques inventés par le maître, quand d’autres s’en inspirèrent plus librement, nous invitant à interroger le fonctionnement de l’atelier de ce peintre majeur de la fin du xiiie siècle.
Militer contre l’invisibilité ; mal représenter
Authors: Manac'h Léo
Published: February 2025

Cet article propose une description de la construction par les militant·es du droit au séjour pour soins d’une figure médiatique de « l’étranger malade ». Il est montré qu’elle est créée à partir de représentations compassionnelles et victimaires héritières d’imaginaires postcoloniaux. Dans un contexte de politiques migratoires répressives et de saturation médiatique de l’image du « migrant », je soutiens l’idée que la stratégie politique de recherche de visibilité ne fonctionne plus. Si de nombreux mouvements sociaux sont problématisés comme en lutte contre l’invisibilisation sociale et politique qui touche des groupes minorisés, il s’agit d’interroger les effets politiques d’une visibilité négative et stigmatisante.
Des étrangers invisibles et impleurables ?
Authors: Bouffet Alison
Published: February 2025

L’article explore la coexistence de l’invisibilisation politique des étranger·ères avec une hypervisibilité stéréotypée, et se propose de théoriser, à l’aide de la philosophie de Judith Butler, la manière dont le national agit comme un cadre normatif articulé à des schèmes ethno-raciaux, organisant l’interprétation ainsi que l’évaluation du perçu et affectant différentiellement les non-nationaux. Comment la nationalité s’introduit-elle dans le visible, le sensible, et fonctionne-t-elle de concert avec d’autres marquages de la différence ? Dans un premier temps, je propose un horizon des différentes conceptualisations du fonctionnement de la nationalité comme forme de visibilité, notamment à partir d’une discussion sur le modèle culturel de la nationalité et sur la notion de « gaze » dans les études visuelles et littéraires anglophones. Proposant de penser le national comme une perspective qui articule des catégories de perception hétérogènes et promeut une subjectivité privilégiée, j’éclaire cette réflexion avec la théorisation du « cadre d’intelligibilité » chez Butler. Il s’agira ainsi de montrer comment la perspective nationale, combinée à des processus de racisation, crée des catégories d’étranger·ères invisibles et impleurables, renforçant ainsi l’ordre symbolique national au détriment des non-nationaux. Plus généralement, l’article propose de passer d’un paradigme de l’invisibilité sociale à celui du régime d’affectivité différentielle.
L’art du sauvetage
Authors: Sizaire Vincent
Published: February 2025

Validant sans réserve explicite le délit de démoralisation des forces armées, la décision du Conseil constitutionnel du 17 janvier 2025 ne constitue pas seulement une nouvelle illustration d’un contrôle de légalité et de nécessité de la répression sensiblement édulcoré. Pour parvenir à sauver de la censure le texte qui lui était soumis, il est en effet conduit à déployer un véritable activisme rhétorique et normatif, prolongeant l’œuvre du législateur pour mieux la conforter.
Serum transferrin level in type-2 diabetic patients in association with sociodemographic profile and dietary habits
Authors: Khan Anza , Rafi Uzma , Mehboob Riffat , Hameed Sajid , Malik Uzma , Zubair Zainab , Shahid Imran
Published: February 2025

The management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) involves lifestyle changes. Glycated hemoglobin levels have been found to decrease with proper management of T2DM, which includes medication and dietary adjustments high in key nutrients. Iron and transferrin levels are two of the markers associated with high blood sugar levels and the chance of developing type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, iron deficiency can worsen anemia, impaired kidney function, and heart failure in diabetics. To reduce the risk and treat diabetes, assessment of nutrition and lifestyle modifications is essential. Given the importance of dietary habits and sociodemographic factors for transferrin levels, individuals with diabetes with T2DM were the primary focus of this study, which has the objectives of determining the transferrin protein level in individuals with diabetes and contrasting the sociodemographic background and nutritional habits of diabetic individuals with their transferrin levels. Lahore Medical Research Center and Lahore Garrison University hosted the randomized (single-blinded) study. There were 80 diabetic individuals in the sample. The patients were divided into three groups based on their eating habits: normal nutrition, at high risk of malnutrition, and malnourished. Based on their sociodemographic characteristics, patients were classified as high class, middle class, or poor class. The calculations for statistical analysis were performed using GraphPad Prism (version 8.2). The study investigated the connection between dietary practices and sociodemographic characteristics and transferrin levels. Patients with a regular diet had the lowest transferrin levels, whereas those with a poor diet (malnourished) had the highest levels. In a comparable way, the sociodemographic profile revealed that the transferrin level was higher in the middle and lower classes and lower in the top class. The findings demonstrated the major role of dietary practices and sociodemographic characteristics in preserving normal transferrin levels in diabetic individuals. Given these findings, it may be worthwhile for future research endeavors to concentrate on examining the processes that determine dietary and sociodemographic factors that influence transferrin levels. Thus, initial transferrin level assessment may lead to appropriate therapy and a longer life expectancy in people with diabetes.
Leveraging deep semantic segmentation for assisted weed detection
Authors: Garibaldi-Márquez Francisco , Flores Gerardo , Valentín-Coronado Luis M.
Published: February 2025

In agriculture, it is crucial to identify and control weeds as these plant species pose a significant threat to the growth and development of crops by competing for vital resources such as nutrients, water, and light. A promising solution to this problem is adopting smart weed control systems (SWCS) that significantly reduce the use of harmful chemical products. Furthermore, SWCS leads to reduced production costs and a more sustainable and eco-friendly approach to farming. However, implementing SWCS in natural fields can be challenging, mainly due to difficulties in accurately localizing plants. To address this issue, a visual identification system can be employed to label plants from images using a process known as semantic segmentation. In this work, we have implemented, validated, and compared three deep learning approaches, including Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN), Mask R-CNN enhanced with an Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling module (Mask R-CNN-ASPP), and a proposed model named Residual U-Net architecture, for the semantic pixel segmentation of high densities of both crops (Zea mays) and weeds (including narrow-leaf weeds and broad-leaf weeds). Data augmentation and transfer learning have also been implemented. The performance of the models was evaluated with the well-known metrics Precision, Recall, Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), and mean Intersection-Over-Union (mIoU). As a result of the analysis, the DSC and mIoU of Mask R-CNN-ASPP based models were up to 10.63% and 10.54% superior to that of the Mask R-CNN based models. Nonetheless, the proposed Residual U-Net architecture outperformed Mask R-CNN-ASPP based networks in all the metrics, reaching a DSC of 92.98% and mIoU of 87.12%. Thus, we have concluded that the proposed Residual U-Net-like architecture is the best alternative for the semantic segmentation task in images with high plant density. Our research addresses the challenge of weed identification and control in agriculture, helping farmers produce crops more efficiently while minimizing environmental impact.
Return on investment of anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programs in the United States
Authors: Peterson Collin , Li Tao , Norcross Marc
Published: February 2025

Context:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears represent a significant health and economic burden in high school athletes. Despite evidence showing lower extremity injury prevention programs (IPPs) are effective at preventing ACL injury, IPPs lack widespread adoption.

Objective:

Compare the cost-benefit of implementation of an injury prevention program versus standard warm-up in a national high school soccer population using a health system perspective.

Design:

Cost Benefit Analysis.

Setting:

Simulation of nationwide implementation of an IPP for United States high school soccer players.

Patients or Other Participants:

Data for high school soccer players from the 2018-2019 season.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Return on investment was calculated using the cost of ACL treatment prevented with IPP use and the cost of IPP implementation.

Results:

IPP implementation was the preferred strategy with a return on investment of $7.51 saved in ACL treatment costs prevented for every dollar spent on IPP implementation in our full model. When separating analysis by insurance type, private payors continued to show profitability while public payors failed to break even. The total net monetary benefit was over $60 million when simulating national-level IPP implementation.

Conclusions:

IPP implementation has the potential to generate significant medical cost savings in short-term ACL treatment costs, especially for private payors, when implemented in a national high school soccer population. The expected cost-benefit of IPPs should encourage broader implementation efforts and the inclusion of economically relevant stakeholders.