INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF SPRAYING LIQUID BY PNEUMOHYDRAULIC DEVICE
Authors:   1All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking «Magarach» RAS, Yalta, Republic of Crimea, Russia, Gorobey V.P. , Moskalevich V.Yu. ,   Institute «Agrotechnological Academy» of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «KFU named after. V.I. Vernadsky», Agrarnoe settlement, Republic of Crimea, Russia, Starchikov S.S. ,   1All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking «Magarach» RAS, Yalta, Republic of Crimea, Russia
Published: December 2024

The paper is devoted to the study of technical solutions for pneumohydraulic devices for spraying liquid for irrigating agricultural plants, taking into account the principles of gas saturation and the use in the design of elements for dispersion when supplying miscible phases under pressure in the range of operating values in order to increase the efficiency of use, the possibility of regulating the spraying of liquid when creating artificial rain in space and reducing energy costs, increasing device reliability, the possibility of regulating the spraying of liquid when creating artificial rain in space and reducing energy costs, increasing the reliability of devices that combine additional processing of plants using various technologies for their cultivation, by creating the necessary conditions for the formation of a water-air jet by justifying the design and geometric parameters of the nozzle design. To increase the use of air phase energy to increase the degree of liquid atomization, as well as to regulate the size of drops of artificial rain, operational reliability in agricultural irrigation conditions, to increase the efficiency of dispersion of the water-air flow when it exits the nozzles of pneumohydraulic devices: sprinkler and humidifier, the principle of discontinuity of flow is used. To do this, it is proposed to equip the output cylindrical nozzle of the devices on the inner surface with a protrusion in the shape of a two-way helical spiral opposite to the direction of twisting of the water flow in the mixing chamber with air. To determine the opening angle of the spray torch using a cylindrical nozzle with double-threaded screw channels of rectangular cross-section of the developed devices, applied mathematical modeling of the process of pneumohydraulic spraying is presented. It has been shown that the maximum value of the opening angle β of the liquid spray torch by the humidifier is achieved at a depth of the nozzle screw channels h = 1.6–1.8 mm with an axial hole diameter d =3 mm and elevation angles of the screw channels α = 73–77°. It has been established that in order to avoid restriction of the liquid spray torch by the walls of the conical surface of the outlet hole of the humidifier nozzle, the condition that the nozzle cone angle θ exceeds the opening angle of the spray torch must be met; this condition corresponds to the value of the angle θ = 65–66°. Based on the results of studies of the spraying process, data were obtained to optimize its technological parameters and design solutions for the development, manufacture of prototype devices and their experimental testing for producing artificial rain drops of various sizes during irrigation and fertigation of agricultural crops, which will contribute to the successful solution of the discussed problems of the agro-industrial complex.