bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Process evaluation of the FluCare cluster randomised controlled trial: Assessing the implementation of a behaviour change intervention to increase influenza vaccination uptake among care home staff in England
Authors: Katangwe-Chigamba Thando , Alsaif Faisal , Anyiam-Osigwe Adaku , Bion Veronica , Clark Allan , Garrett Hilary , Griffiths Alys Wyn , Guillard Cecile , Hammond Amber , Holland Richard , Jones Liz , Patel Amrish , Pitcher Jennifer , Risebro Helen , Scott Sion , Seeley Carys , Sims Erika J. , Stirling Susan , Wagner Adam P , Wright David J , Birt Linda
Published: August 2024

Background
Care home staff (CHS) influenza (flu) vaccination rates in England are consistently lower (≈ 15% in 2023) than World Health Organisation recommendations (≥ 75%). The FluCare trial examined the effectiveness of a multi-component intervention (including on-site flu vaccination clinics, information materials including video, £850 incentive and monthly monitoring with feedback) designed to address known barriers to flu vaccine uptake amongst CHS. This paper reports an embedded process evaluation designed to understand implementation of the FluCare intervention and provide explanations for observed effects in the trial.
Methods
The FluCare trial was conducted between November 2022 and March 2023. A mixed methods process evaluation was conducted employing questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, video analytics (no. clicks and duration of view) and clinic logs (no. clinics delivered, days/time clinics were delivered, and no. staff vaccinated). CHS (including managers) and vaccination providers (pharmacists, nurses and general practitioners) were purposively and conveniently selected, respectively, for the interviews. Descriptive statistics were obtained for quantitative data, and qualitative data were analysed thematically.
Results
FluCare intervention implementation varied across CHs, with clinics and videos not being implemented in 35% and 43% of the intervention CHs respectively. In addition, clinic days and times varied depending on provider (pharmacy or general practice) and CH. Partial intervention implementation was partly influenced by managers’ engagement and sub-organisational cultures marked by negative narratives around vaccines. Contextual barriers included delivery of clinics late in the flu season. A greater indication of implementation fidelity was positively associated with change in staff attitudes and behaviours, with some getting vaccinated for the first time.
Conclusions
Variation in implementation of the FluCare intervention provides an explanation for detecting a difference where the intervention was fully implemented in the main trial. Manager and leader engagement is vital for both successful implementation and staff engagement. Avoidable contextual barriers, such as late timing of clinics, must be addressed to enhance flu vaccination uptake by CHS. More work is needed to understand the role of CH leaders in influencing intervention implementation, sub-organisational cultures and vaccination attitudes.
Trial registration
ISRCTN ISRCTN22729870. Registered on 24 August 2022
Performance Analysis of Pipe-Jacking Waste Soils Solidified with Cement under Balanced Earth Pressure Conditions
Authors: Youjun Xu , Zhenyu Li , Zhigang Chen , Huichao Han , Minghao Yan
Published: August 2024

The utilization of pipe-jacking soil poses challenges due to its complex composition, which comprises polyacrylamide (PAM) and sodium bentonite (Na-Ben) surfactants, hindering drainage and solidification. Improper handling may induce environmental pollution. To address this problem, cement solidification was explored after modification with PAM and Na-Ben. By performing indoor resistance tests, freeze–thaw cycles, wet–dry cycles, SEM, XRD, and IR experiments, it was found that within certain ratios, cement solidification effectively stabilizes pipe-jacking waste soil. Specifically, PAM minimally impacts pipe-jacking waste-soil strength, whereas Na-Ben slightly reduces it. Microscopic analysis revealed that although water absorption hinders hydration reactions, PAM (at lower concentrations) promotes mineral particle cohesion during cement solidification. Na-Ben tends to aggregate, leading to uneven internal structure and inhibiting cementitious product formation
The prospective association of adolescent loneliness and low resilience with anxiety and depression in young adulthood: The HUNT study
Authors: Parlikar Nayan , Strand Linn Beate , Kvaløy Kirsti , Espnes Geir Arild , Moksnes Unni Karin
Published: August 2024

Background
Loneliness is a recognized risk factor for anxiety and depression, yet research on its interaction with low resilience remains sparse, particularly across the adolescent-to-adult transition. This study investigates how adolescent loneliness, both independently and in interaction with low resilience, influences anxiety and depression in young adulthood.
Methods
This study utilized longitudinal data from The Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) to track adolescents (13–19 years) from Young-HUNT3 (2006-08) through to HUNT4 (2017-19). Loneliness was assessed via a single-item measure, while resilience was estimated using the Resilience Scale for Adolescents. Anxiety and depression outcomes at the 11-year follow-up were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to analyze the associations. Moreover, interaction effects were evaluated using relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI).
Results
Loneliness during adolescence independently predicted anxiety and depression in young adulthood. Adolescents experiencing both loneliness and low resilience showed notably higher risks compared to other groups (highly resilient adolescents without loneliness [reference], highly resilient adolescents with loneliness, and adolescents with low resilience and low loneliness). The combined effect of loneliness and low resilience exhibited a synergistic interaction on the additive scale, although it was not statistically significant (RERI 0.13, 95% CI -2.39-2.65).
Conclusion
Adolescent loneliness and low resilience independently predict anxiety and depression in young adulthood. The interaction between loneliness and low resilience further heightens these risks. This underscores the importance of early interventions that focus on resilience-building during adolescence and reducing the impacts of loneliness on mental health.
Self-Directed Digital Interventions for the Improvement of Emotion Regulation – Effectiveness for Mental Health and Functioning in Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Thomson Abigail , Lawrence Erin , Oliver Bonamy , Wright Ben , Hosang Georgina
Published: August 2024

Background
Interventions targeting emotion regulation (ER) have been shown to improve mental health in adults, but evidence on related interventions for adolescents is still emerging. Increasingly, self-directed digital interventions (e.g. mobile apps) are being developed to target ER in this population, but questions remain about their effectiveness. This systematic review aimed to synthesise evidence on current self-directed digital interventions available to adolescents (aged 11–18 years) and their effectiveness in addressing ER, psychopathology, and functioning (e.g., academic achievement).
Method
Several electronic databases were searched (e.g. PsycINFO) to identify studies published from January 2010 to March 2024 examining self-directed digital interventions for adolescents, which include an ER component. A narrative synthesis was employed to summarise the effectiveness of the interventions. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment tool (EPHPP).
Results
Five studies met the eligibility criteria, with a total of four self-directed digital interventions that targeted ER. All interventions were brief (< 1 month) and included different components to target ER (e.g. Mindfulness, Mood monitoring). Most interventions were effective in improving ER and were highly acceptable for use by an adolescent population.
Conclusions
Though the evidence base was small, included studies demonstrate preliminary evidence of the effectiveness and acceptability of self-directed, digital interventions for ER in adolescents. Large-scale empirical research focused on comprehensive ER interventions for adolescents across the world is needed, especially those which investigate the intervention effects on psychopathology.
Utilization of coconut shell activated carbon to generate electrical energy using sodium chloride electrolyte
Authors: Tista Si Putu Gede Gunawan , Santhiarsa I Gusti Ngurah Nitya , Murti Made Ricki , Sunu Putu Wijaya , Wardoyo Wardoyo
Published: August 2024

Fossil fuels that are used to generate electrical energy are running low. Besides that, energy generated from fossil fuels causes global warming and climate change due to gas emissions such as carbon dioxide, leading to a greenhouse effect. In addition, the development of small electronic devices has created power demands, from initially in milli watt (mW), to microwatt (μW) level for wireless sensor networks, which generally use batteries as a power supply. Therefore, environmentally friendly and renewable materials like coconut shells are needed to generate electrical energy. This research aims to generate electrical energy from a model using coconut shell activated carbon with sodium chloride (NaCl) electrolyte. The electrical energy generation model is composed of counter electrode–electrode–counter electrode. The electrode used was coconut shell–activated carbon. Three counter electrodes were used: aluminum, zinc and copper plates. The electrolyte used was sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. The electrolyte was injected between the electrode and the counter electrode, and heat was applied. When the electrolyte was injected into the electrical energy generation model, interaction occurred between the ions from the electrolyte and the functional groups, the pores of the activated carbon, and the counter electrode, and then electrons were released. The research results show that the voltage produced due to an increase in temperature up to ΔT=54 °C, is 0.875 volts for aluminum, 0.767 volts for zinc and 0.091 volts for copper. The average thermal voltage sensitivity (dV/dT) for aluminum is 68.99297 mV/°C, while that for zinc is 61.34319 mV/°C, and copper is 7.02533 mV/°C. The currents produced by aluminum, zinc and copper are 5.9 μA, 3.8 μA and 0.157 μA, respectively
Interpretation of georadar data based on machine learning technologies
Authors: Omarkhanova Dinara , Oralbekova Zhanar
Published: August 2024

In the laboratory analysis of geological data, a number of problems arise due to the insufficient accuracy of the results. For example, different laboratories may provide different end results for the same samples, which creates a problem. This can lead to unreliable results, which can ultimately reduce the quality of the assessment.
Machine learning allows to speed up the processing of radar data, as well as avoid the above-mentioned "misunderstandings". The problem of conducting scientific research at specialized landfills for a comprehensive assessment of the possibilities of using computer technology in the interpretation of georadar profiles is urgent. This makes it possible to objectively evaluate the result of automatic interpretation of georadar data.
The several machine-learning algorithms described in the article are designing to improve the analysis and interpretation of data by incorporating various methods for optimizing georadar data processing processes. These methods include regression, classification and clustering.
By incorporating these methods of optimizing the processing of georadar data into several machine-learning algorithms, the software can provide a comprehensive analysis and interpretation of the data obtained. This allows for a better understanding of the relationships, patterns and trends in the data, which ultimately leads to more informed decision-making and improved understanding.
To improve the understanding of the results, the following quantitative indicators were obtained: correlation coefficient – 0.7072, determination coefficient – 0.5001, all these indicators correspond to these models. The deviation from the regression line is on average 22.37 units. Based on the classification results, the soil was determined to be wet. Errors in the sets do not exceed 1 %
BPS Wilson loops in mass-deformed ABJM theory: Fermi gas expansions and new defect CFT data
Authors: Armanini Elisabetta , Griguolo Luca , Guerrini Luigi
Published: August 2024

We compute the expectation values of BPS Wilson loops in the mass-deformed ABJM theory using the Fermi gas technique. We obtain explicit results in terms of Airy functions, effectively resumming the full 1/N expansion up to exponentially small terms. These expressions enable us to derive multi-point correlation functions for topological operators belonging to the stress tensor multiplet, in the presence of a 1/2-BPS Wilson line. From the one-point correlator, we recover the ABJM Bremsstrahlung function, confirming nicely previous results obtained through latitude Wilson loops. Likewise, higher point correlators can be used to extract iteratively new defect CFT data for higher dimensional topological operators. We present a detailed example of the dimension-two operator appearing in the OPE of two stress tensor multiplets.
Is the use of influencer marketing and brand community effective for enhancing awareness of a new brand?
Authors: Furinto Asnan , Ichsan Mohammad , Phannadhika Metta , Angelika Sherly
Published: August 2024

Influencer marketing and brand community have been popularly used as one powerful marketing strategy to enhance brand awareness. This study aims to find out how and to what extent influencer marketing and brand community affect brand awareness in a context of a growing beauty product brand in Indonesia. Using a quantitative approach and in context of Loreca’s brand, this study measured the role of influencer marketing and the beauty community on brand awareness. The brand equity and brand management theory has been used as the theoretical framework, where further influencer marketing and brand community were considered as the antecedents. This method was implemented using a structured questionnaire addressed to the brand community Loreca Babes, with total population of 385 people and 197 respondents. The data were further analyzed with PLS-SEM using SmartPLS 4.0 software. The research results conclude that influencer marketing and brand community have positively and significantly affect brand awareness, in which influencer marketing exhibits a stronger effect (0.558) compared to brand community (0.276). Based on this finding, it is suggested that Loreca shall evaluate its brand community strategy and enhance its use of influencer marketing. This study provides insight into the importance of influencer marketing and brand community in increasing brand awareness.
Occurrence, virulence, and AMR profile of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from shellfish growing areas located along the south-west coast of India
Authors: Antony Ally C. , Silvester Reshma , Aneesa P. A. , P. V. Vipindas , Selvam A Deborah Gnana , Salim Vivas , Paul Mini K. , Abdulla Mohamed Hatha
Published: August 2024

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading cause of human gastroenteritis associated with seafood consumption. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence and risk assessment of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from live Indian black clams, sediment, and water samples collected from shellfish harvesting areas located along the south-west coast of India. Out of the total 72 samples collected, 55.6% revealed the presence of V. parahaemolyticus; the highest occurrence was observed in shellfish samples. The presence of tdh and trh virulence genes was screened by multiplex PCR. Virulence genes could be detected in 25.8% of the strains; 19.35% of them were trh positive and 3.2% were tdh positive, while 3.2% of strains exhibited the coexistence of both virulence genes. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determined by the disk diffusion method revealed that 87% of the strains were multiple drug resistant and exhibited 21 diverse resistance patterns. The overall multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index values ranged from 0 to 0.8. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to document the presence of pathogenic and multidrug-resistant V. parahaemolyticus in shellfish harvesting areas of the Indian sub-continent. The study reveals possible health hazards associated with consuming shellfish harvested from the study area.
pandemia da Covid-19 nas prisões do Maranhão
Authors: Biondi Karina , Andrade Yasmin de Sousa
Published: August 2024

Se pesquisas antropológicas dentro das prisões já eram difíceis antes da pandemia, por conta dos esforços de isolamento dos que ali estão, a pandemia da Covid-19 tornou-as praticamente inviáveis. Na busca por alternativas, vimos no Diário Oficial um meio a partir do qual seria possível acessar as respostas governamentais à situação pandêmica e, inspiradas nas propostas da etnografia dos documentos, entrever a situação dos presídios no Estado do Maranhão. Foram consultadas e catalogadas 440 edições do Diário Oficial. A partir desse levantamento, verificamos que as principais preocupações da Secretaria de Administração Penitenciária do Maranhão para dar uma resposta às questões impostas pela pandemia foram: visitas de familiares, religiosos, professores; entrega de materiais pelos familiares das pessoas presas; atendimento de advogados; audiências nos tribunais; orientações aos servidores penitenciários. Todas essas preocupações estão relacionadas a questões de isolamento e comunicação, existentes antes da pandemia, mas rearranjadas ao longo do período pandêmico. Buscamos mostrar como os fluxos de pessoas, objetos e informações que atravessam as instituições penitenciárias, durante a pandemia, ficaram mais evidentes, tanto quanto mais controlados.
Impactos da pandemia da Covid-19 na antropologia
Authors: Moura Fernanda Gabriele , Silva Ana Paula Marcelino da , Franch Mónica , Porto Rozeli Maria , Maluf Sônia Weidner
Published: August 2024

Entrevista com a Rede Antropo-Covid e a Rede Covid-19 Humanidades
Trade and economic cooperation of the EAEU: state, dynamics, ensuring national security
Authors: Poplavsky S. P. , Podolsky F. V.
Published: August 2024

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that in the context of international political and economic tensions, the role of regional integration is more important than ever. Despite the fact that the EAEU is one of the youngest integration associations in the world, the history of its existence testifies to the importance for both participating countries and third countries and the global economy, as well as conducting joint policies in various spheres of international relations. The article provides an analysis of trade and economic cooperation between the EAEU countries from the point of view of studying the history and causes of its appearance, the current state and development prospects. The current state and features of trade and economic cooperation between the EAEU countries, the main macroeconomic and trade and economic indicators of the EAEU member states are considered. It is shown that since the creation of the EAEU in 2015, measures have been taken and successfully implemented aimed at identifying and gradually eliminating factors hindering the development of integration processes. With the help of the created strategies for the development of the grouping, supranational bodies strive to minimize the influence of internal and external factors on the growth of the economies of the member countries of the union. The EAEU has significant economic and trade, as well as investment potential. According to the authors, it is important for the EAEU countries and the association as a whole to more actively implement measures aimed at maintaining the economic security of the association and the participating countries, which requires new unified approaches to training at the country and regional levels.
Algorithm Development for Computational Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Mahamad Shabudin Nordina Syamira , Shuid Ahmad Naqib
Published: August 2024

The super-fast automated next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology
allows parallel sequencing of millions of genomics molecules with higher accuracy at
low cost and less time consumption. However, the three-dimensional structure needs to
be determined for experimental purposes, and solving the three-dimensional structure
of a biomolecule via the alternative experimental approaches requires special skills and
equipment, which is time-consuming, labor demanding and expensive. This situation
resulted in the widening of the space between solved biological molecules and known
sequences. Recently, bioinformaticians and computer scientists have developed
computer-based algorithms and protocols to solve these issues. The developed
computational approaches and algorithms allow researchers to 1) perform prediction
and refinement of models close to their native molecule structure based on the data
from other molecules possessing similar homology, 2) predict potential interaction and
possible reactions between two biomolecules and 3) gain meaningful insight when it is
impractical to be obtained via theoretical or experimental analysis. The development of
these computational algorithms allows scientists to discover, predict and study
important molecules at a faster pace. This chapter will introduce readers to the basic
computational algorithms used to develop advanced bioinformatic protocols and tools.
Emerging Pollutants in Aquatic Environment: Critical Risk Assessment and Treatment Options
Authors: Agarwal Neha , Solanki Vijendra Singh , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B. , Ameta Keshav Lalit , Singh Neetu , Singh Anupma , Bind Vimala
Published: August 2024

The chemical compounds that have been identified as dangerous to the
environment, ecosystem and human health are classified as Emerging Pollutants (EPs).
EPs include a variety of compounds such as dyes, pesticides, antibiotics, drugs,
endocrine disruptors, hormones, industrial wastes and chemicals, and microplastics.
These pollutants are malignant and non-biodegradable in nature, so they are
responsible for the unhealthy and unsustainable environment. The occurrence of these
pollutants has raised global concerns not only in various environmental matrices (air,
water, and soil) but also in biological systems due to their toxic nature. These
pollutants get accumulated in the environment and ecosystem and cause intensified
environmental problems, global warming, deterioration of soil quality, the greenhouse
effect, and ecological imbalance. Consequently, they affect the quality of life and the
maintenance of the environment on a global level. Recent research indicates that if this
trend is continued, situations will worsen in the near future. Sustainable solutions, such
as bioremediation, nano-bioremediation, microbial degradation etc., are becoming
increasingly important for the removal of these EPs as an efficient tool for sustainable
development and pollution control. Therefore, the main aim of this chapter is to assess
the current threats and future challenges associated with emerging pollutants so that
focus can be drawn on sustainable green solutions for a greener and healthier
environment.
Carbon Dots and their Environmental Applications
Authors: Maurya N. , Mishra S. , Gupta M. K.
Published: August 2024

CDs (Carbon dots) are a new group of zero-dimensional luminescent
nanomaterials. They have drawn a lot of attention due to their excellent properties, for
example, easy preparation, strong optical properties, low toxicity, significant
biocompatibility, low cost, facile functionalization, tunable porous structures and high
specific surface area. CDs have found many applications in the fields of bioimaging,
sensing, catalysis, optoelectronics and energy conversion. Recently, CDs have
demonstrated promising applications in the control of environmental pollution and
remediation. CDs have been applied for environmental pollutants sensing, adsorption
of contaminants, membrane-based separation, photocatalytic degradation of pollutants,
and antimicrobial coatings for protection. In this chapter, we have discussed the
classification of CDs, synthesis, properties and applications of CDs in environmental
pollution control and environmental protection measures.
Efficiency and Applications of Nanoparticles Synthesized from Microalgae: A Green Solution
Authors: Korlam Saivenkatesh , Miditana Sankara Rao , Padmavathi S.
Published: August 2024

Nanotechnology has gained significant attention in the fields of
biotechnology and biomedicine and has been widely used in drug delivery, imaging,
diagnosis, and sensing. Nanoparticles (NPs) are submicron-sized particles that have
unique properties due to their high surface area-to-volume ratio. NPs have gained
significant attention in recent years due to their potential applications in biotechnology
and biomedicine, including drug delivery, imaging, diagnosis, and sensing. Microalgae
are photosynthetic microorganisms that are widely distributed in aquatic environments.
Recently, microalgae have been explored as a potential source of NPs due to their
unique chemical and physical properties. Microalgae-derived NPs have several
advantages over chemically synthesized NPs, including lower toxicity,
biocompatibility, and eco-friendliness. In this chapter, we have discussed the various
types of NPs produced by microalgae, their synthesis and characterization methods,
and their different domains of applications, with a special focus on environmental
remediation. Additionally, we have highlighted the challenges and prospects of using
microalgae-derived NPs.
Current Trends in Biogenic Synthesis and Applications of Palladium Nanoparticles: A Sustainable Approach to Environmental Remediation
Authors: Arora Gitanjali , Srivastava Anamika , Srivastava Manish , Dwivedi Jaya , Shruti  , Rajendra
Published: August 2024

Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary area with a wide range of
applications. Recent developments in nanotechnology and nanoscience have also
triggered the development of new nanomaterials (NMs), enhancing the hazards to
human health and the environment. There has been a rise in interest in creating
ecologically friendly techniques for producing metallic nanoparticles (MNPs). The aim
is to reduce the harmful effects of synthetic technologies, the chemicals used in
association with them, and the derivative products. A useful strategy in green
nanotechnology is the utilization of various biomolecules for the fabrication of NPs.
MNPs that are inexpensive, energy-efficient, nontoxic, and beneficial to the
environment have been produced using biological resources, including bacteria, algae,
fungi, and plants. Plant components are mainly employed as capping and reducing
agents in green synthesis. MNPs of various sizes and forms have been created using
bark, leaves, fruits, and flower extracts. In this chapter, we have addressed the green
synthesis of palladium NPs to remove positive ions, negative ions, and dye from
wastewater, their potential applications and the directions for future research.
Looking London Talking Tokyo?
Authors: Majumdar Mainak
Published: August 2024

Patient disagreement and dissatisfaction with their healthcare providers may be reflective of ineffective communication during the doctor-patient interaction. Such disagreement and dissatisfaction has significant repercussions for the therapeutic relationship. We explore factors that may result in such inadequate communication. While acknowledging that gaps in communication may persist despite the best efforts of both the patient and the physician, we consider strategies to bridge these gaps.
Efficacy of Motor Imagery in the Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients: A Scope Review
Authors: Donati Danilo , Farì Giacomo , Giorgi Federica , Marvulli Riccardo , Quarta Francesco , Bernetti Andrea , Tedeschi Roberto
Published: August 2024

This review examines the efficacy of motor imagery (MI) as a supplementary rehabilitation technique for stroke patients. Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were analyzed, highlighting MI's potential to enhance motor recovery, mobility, balance, and psychological well-being. Significant improvements in upper-limb function were observed with combined mental and physical practice, evidenced by notable gains in Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) scores. MI-based exercise programs improved mobility and balance in elderly patients, reducing fall risk as measured by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). MI was also found to enhance self-efficacy and functional performance, with significant increases in Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) scores. Neuroimaging studies revealed that MI activates cortical areas associated with motor control, supporting its role in promoting neural plasticity. Despite these promising results, the heterogeneity in participant characteristics, stroke severity, and MI protocols across studies poses challenges to standardization. Additionally, small sample sizes and reliance on self-report measures limit the generalizability of findings. Nevertheless, MI's low cost, minimal risk, and ease of integration into existing rehabilitation protocols make it a valuable adjunct to physical therapy. Standardized guidelines and personalized MI exercises tailored to individual needs are essential for maximizing benefits. Integrating MI into clinical practice can significantly enhance both physical and psychological recovery outcomes for stroke patients, offering a comprehensive approach to rehabilitation.
Enhancing Rooting in Morus alba Cuttings: Effects of Indolebutyric Acid and a Commercial Rooting Agent across Branch Positions
Authors: Monteiro Kauê Alexandre , Orlandini Bazalha Carlos Eduardo , Shimizu Gabriel Danilo , Baudraz de Paula Jean Carlo , Roldi Guariz Hugo , Tadeu de Faria Ricardo
Published: August 2024

Sericulture is the cultivation of silkworms to produce silk using white mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.); thus, the sector's quality production of mulberry seedlings on a large scale is economically important. The production of seedlings through cuttings is the most effective and fastest reproduction method. Still, it can also be enhanced using synthetic rooting agents, increasing the productive potential of white mulberry crops. The current work aims to evaluate the response of cuttings taken from different parts of the branch of M. alba var. Miura (Apical 1, Apical 2, Medial, Basal 1, and Basal 2) and treated with indolebutyric acid (IBA; 500, 1,000, and 1,500 mg L-1) and commercial rooting agent Forth® (10 % v/v), in addition to a control treatment. After treating the branches, they were placed in polyethylene containers filled with substrate and kept in a greenhouse for 70 days. The application of hormones on cuttings of M. alba favored several morpho-agronomic parameters evaluated for the propagules obtained from different positions on the branch. In conclusion, applying 500 or 1,000 mg L-1 of IBA is recommended for the various positions, with Basal 1 and Basal 2 showing higher values ​​in the evaluated parameters than the other positions. The results can help silk breeders optimize white mulberry crop production.
Identifying Medicine Shortages With the Twitter Social Network: Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Postma Doerine J , Heijkoop Magali L A , De Smet Peter A G M , Notenboom Kim , Leufkens Hubert G M , Mantel-Teeuwisse Aukje K
Published: August 2024

Background

Early identification is critical for mitigating the impact of medicine shortages on patients. The internet, specifically social media, is an emerging source of health data.

Objective

This study aimed to explore whether a routine analysis of data from the Twitter social network can detect signals of a medicine shortage and serve as an early warning system and, if so, for which medicines or patient groups.

Methods

Medicine shortages between January 31 and December 1, 2019, were collected from the Dutch pharmacists’ society’s national catalog Royal Dutch Pharmacists Association (KNMP) Farmanco. Posts on these shortages were collected by searching for the name, the active pharmaceutical ingredient, or the first word of the brand name of the medicines in shortage. Posts were then selected based on relevant keywords that potentially indicated a shortage and the percentage of shortages with at least 1 post was calculated. The first posts per shortage were analyzed for their timing (median number of days, including the IQR) versus the national catalog, also stratified by disease and medicine characteristics. The content of the first post per shortage was analyzed descriptively for its reporting stakeholder and the nature of the post.

Results

Of the 341 medicine shortages, 102 (29.9%) were mentioned on Twitter. Of these 102 shortages, 18 (5.3% of the total) were mentioned prior to or simultaneous to publication by KNMP Farmanco. Only 4 (1.2%) of these were mentioned on Twitter more than 14 days before. On average, posts were published with a median delay of 37 (IQR 7-81) days to publication by KNMP Farmanco. Shortages mentioned on Twitter affected a greater number of patients and lasted longer than those that were not mentioned. We could not conclusively relate either the presence or absence on Twitter to a disease area or route of administration of the medicine in shortage. The first posts on the 102 shortages were mainly published by patients (n=51, 50.0%) and health care professionals (n=46, 45.1%). We identified 8 categories of nature of content. Sharing personal experience (n=44, 43.1%) was the most common category.

Conclusions

The Twitter social network is not a suitable early warning system for medicine shortages. Twitter primarily echoes already-known information rather than spreads new information. However, Twitter or potentially any other social media platform provides the opportunity for future qualitative research in the increasingly important field of medicine shortages that investigates how a larger population of patients is affected by shortages.
A Multidimensional Approach for Evaluating Reality in Social Media: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Cho HyunYi , Li Wenbo , Lopez Rachel
Published: August 2024

Background

Misinformation is a threat to public health. The effective countering of misinformation may require moving beyond the binary classification of fake versus fact to capture the range of schemas that users employ to evaluate social media content. A more comprehensive understanding of user evaluation schemas is necessary.

Objective

The goal of this research was to advance the current understanding of user evaluations of social media information and to develop and validate a measurement instrument for assessing social media realism.

Methods

This research involved a sequence of 2 studies. First, we used qualitative focus groups (n=48). Second, building on the first study, we surveyed a national sample of social media users (n=442). The focus group data were analyzed using the constant comparison approach. The survey data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analyses and ordinary least squares regression.

Results

The findings showed that social media reality evaluation involves 5 dimensions: falsity, naturality, authenticity, resonance, and social assurance. These dimensions were differentially mapped onto patterns of social media use. Authenticity was strongly associated with the existing global measure of social media realism (P<.001). Naturality, or the willingness to accept artificiality and engineered aspects of social media representations, was linked to hedonic enjoyment (P<.001). Resonance predicted reflective thinking (P<.001), while social assurance was strongly related to addictive use (P<.001). Falsity, the general belief that much of what is on social media is not real, showed a positive association with both frequency (P<.001) and engagement with (P=.003) social media. These results provide preliminary validity data for a social media reality measure that encompasses multiple evaluation schemas for social media content.

Conclusions

The identification of divergent schemas expands the current focus beyond fake versus fact, while the goals, contexts, and outcomes of social media use associated with these schemas can guide future digital media literacy efforts. Specifically, the social media reality measure can be used to develop tailored digital media literacy interventions for addressing diverse public health issues.
A Study on the English Translation of “Taipei People” from the Perspective of Adaptation Theory
Authors: Zhu Yiwen
Published: August 2024

The collection of short stories, Taipei People, is one of the representative works of the famous writer Pai Hsien-yung. In this book, Pai portrays characters from different regions and fields vividly, displaying a contrast between the past and the present. The stories in this book are rich in Chinese culture and customs, which is concerned in this paper. This paper compares and analyzes the English translation of Taipei People from four aspects from the perspective of the adaptation theory, namely, contextual correlates of adaptability, structural objects of adaptability, dynamics of adaptability, salience of the adaptation processes. It is found that the translators consider the differences in language, culture and social environment between China and western countries, and make translation choices of different degrees of salience of adaptation. They adopt different translation strategies to dynamically adapt to the original book and target readers, make flexible choices according to different contexts, which show the salience and purpose of translators in the translation process. In view of the literary value of Taipei people, this paper hopes to provide some reference for more translators to translate and disseminate Chinese literature.
Increasing Solar Radiation Use Efficiency (RUE) of Maize (Zea mays L.) through Arranging the Layout of Several Intercrop Plants
Authors: Fortuna Rizhanda Adi , Suryanto Agus , Sitawati Sitawati
Published: August 2024

Maize plants grown in monoculture system that often cannot utilize sunlight optimally. Intercropping methods with several C3 intercrops such as rice, soybeans, and bambara groundnuts are expected to enhance the solar radiation use efficiency (RUE) of maize plants. This study aims to improve the solar radiation use efficiency (RUE) of maize (Zea mays L.) through the arrangement of various intercrops layouts. The experiment was conducted from July to November 2021 at the Faculty of Agriculture Experimental Field, Jatimulyo, Malang, East Java. The experiment consisted of Split Plot Design (SPD) with Orthogonal Contrasts for control treatments. The main factor consisted of the type of companion crops, such as rice, soybeans, and bambara groundnuts, while the second factor was the companion crop layout, consisting of three level: one row, two rows, and three rows. The results showed that the intercropping pattern with two rows of soybeans produced the highest land equivalent ratio (LER) value of 1.38 compared to other treatments. Additionally, the intercropping system generally provided the highest interception and solar radiation use efficiency of 94.07% and 6.19%, respectively, where the companion crop treatments in one and two rows each yielded the highest RUE values of 6.88% and 6.43%. Based on the research conducted, it was concluded that the arrangement of intercrop plant layouts in the intercropping system can enhance solar radiation use efficiency (RUE) and offer potential optimization of space and resources in agricultural systems.
Análisis de registros geofísicos y propiedades petrofísicas de la secuencia del anillo de picos del cráter Chicxulub
Authors: Torres-Acosta José Alfredo , Urrutia-Fucugauchi Jaime , Araujo-Mendieta Juan
Published: August 2024

Se propone un modelo petrofísico del pozo M0077A con base en el estudio de registros geofísicos de pozos. Los siguientes registros analizados son: resistividad y conductividad eléctrica, susceptibilidad magnética, densidad, radiactividad natural y factores mecánicos del pozo. El pozo M0077A fue perforado en la Expedición 364 del proyecto de perforación marina del cráter Chicxulub, con el propósito de investigar el anillo de picos del cráter. La información de los registros geofísicos del pozo revela propiedades físicas de las rocas, tales como alta porosidad, bajas densidades y velocidades sísmicas. Esta combinación de características específicas se asocia a microfracturamiento y alteración, lo cual registra la deformación debido al impacto y formación del cráter. Estos resultados son consistentes con las predicciones del modelo para la formación del anillo de picos, establecen cuales litologías representan las rocas impactadas y deformadas, integradas principalmente por brechas de impacto y granitoides del basamento fracturados. La interpretación de los registros del pozo define tres principales unidades litoestratigráficas en el pozo M0077A: (a) sedimentos post impacto (0–616.58 m), (b) impactitas (617.33–747.02 m) y (c) basamento granítico (747.2–1334.27 m). La caracterización petrofísica se elaboró a partir del análisis del pozo M0077A, y se basa en información de otros pozos y de modelos geológicos–geofísicos del cráter Chicxulub.
Vivir y sobrevivir en tiempos de COVID-19: estrategias de vida campesina en Chiapas
Authors: Camacho Velázquez Dolores , Cruz Hernández Delmy Tania
Published: August 2024

En este capítulo analizamos algunos efectos de la pandemia provocada por la COVID-19 en territorios rurales chiapanecos, y reflexionamos sobre las estrategias utilizadas por las y los campesinos para enfrentarla. El surgimiento de la pandemia generada por la COVID-19 a principios de 2020 propició una serie de acontecimientos y preocupaciones en todo el planeta. En el caso de México, la vida urbana fue la más afectada; en los territorios rurales que, en un principio, parecían ser los más vulnerables, la enfermedad no impactó con la contundencia que se esperaba. Cuando surgió la pandemia, los territorios rurales estaban atravesando una fuerte crisis y no nos referimos sólo a una productiva, sino que también hablamos de una crisis social, entendida como una compleja problemática que ha puesto en entredicho la posibilidad de vivir en condiciones dignas en el campo, esto derivado de los cambios en la política pública de los últimos cuarenta años cuando la soberanía alimentaria dejó de ser un objetivo del desarrollo nacional. En este sentido, la pandemia es una oportunidad para reflexionar de manera integral sobre los territorios rurales y es importante reconocer que muchas de las afectaciones vividas fueron producto de la pérdida de la autonomía alimentaria que algún tiempo tuvieron sus habitantes de manera especial en los estados del sureste, como el caso de Chiapas. este escrito iniciamos con un marco interpretativo de la particularidad de los territorios chiapanecos en un contexto nacional, discutimos la ruralidad del estado y su papel en el modelo de desarrollo nacional y global, y a partir de ahí respondemos a la pregunta del cómo la enfermedad y las medidas sanitarias adoptadas afectaron el territorio rural chiapaneco y qué respuestas dio la población.
Estrategias de comunalidad e interculturalidad para enfrentar la pandemia COVID-19 de los pueblos indígenas y afromexicano en municipios rurales de Oaxaca
Authors: Gutiérrez Chong Natividad , Figueroa Valencia Amarildo
Published: August 2024

La crisis sanitaria global del COVID-19 inició en los centros urbanos y pronto se esparció hacia las zonas rurales. En sus comienzos, el contagio se localizaba en las ciudades y en sectores de población afluentes, pues eran quienes viajaban, cruzaban fronteras internacionales, frecuentaban aeropuertos y establecían contacto con extranjeros. La creencia popular hacía que pareciera un fenómeno que ocurría afuera, muy lejos de las dinámicas locales y nacionales. También, esos sectores afluentes, decían las crónicas y las redes sociales, fueron los que siguieron celebrando fiestas y bodas, requiriendo la ayuda doméstica, y de mujeres cuidadoras laborando sin protección alguna, pero dejando para los días siguientes, centenares de contagios entre el personal doméstico y de servicio. En el capítulo analizamos la situación de los pueblos indígenas y afro mexicanos frente a la pandemia, a la luz de los datos recabados por las instituciones gubernamentales, éstas son: la Secretaría de Salud (SS), el Consejo Nacional de Evaluación (Coneval) y el Instituto Nacional de los Pueblos Indígenas (INPI). Los datos disponibles permiten bosquejar en qué condiciones se encontraban estas poblaciones y, por lo tanto, cómo fueron afectados. A través de 2 visores geoespaciales habilitados por el INPI (INPI, 2021) y el Coneval (Coneval, 2021) con información recabada del INEGI (censo, 2020) y de la Secretaría de Salud, se identifica cada una de las poblaciones indígenas y afromexicanas. el capítulo se abordan dos secciones. La primera describe el resultado oficial levantado por los visores geoespaciales que activaron la Secretaría de Salud y el Instituto Nacional de Pueblos Indígenas, con el fin de monitorear los contagios en municipios rurales indígenas. Con dichos visores se construyeron algunos mapas, cuya información nos ha interesado conocer en los siguientes rubros: a) pueblos indígenas y afromexicano; b) “municipios de la esperanza”; c) pobreza; d) vulnerabilidad ante COVID-19; y, e) contagios por covid-19. La segunda parte del capítulo acude a narrativas etnográficas y entrevistas realizadas en un municipio zapoteca de la sierra norte y de un municipio afromexicano en la costa de Oaxaca, así como un testimonio de la Mixteca.
Percepciones y usos de la negatividad en la comunicación política: elecciones generales españolas de 2019
Authors: Rojas-Calderón Alfredo
Published: August 2024

La negatividad se ha consolidado como una tendencia reconocida tanto en el periodismo político como en las campañas electorales. Sobre esta base, este trabajo indaga sobre las opiniones y usos acerca de este fenómeno en España. El objetivo es conocer y analizar las percepciones y actitudes de algunos madrileños sobre los usos de la negatividad en la comunicación política, en el contexto de las elecciones generales españolas en noviembre de 2019. El diseño metodológico ha contemplado la técnica de investigación de los grupos de discusión, concebidos mediante un muestreo intencional estratificado por rasgos demográficos, condiciones socioeconómicas y preferencias ideológico-partidistas. Se realizaron durante el periodo oficial de campaña y después de las votaciones. La investigación concluye que estos madrileños identifican y caracterizan la negatividad en las noticias y la cuestionan como una tendencia mediática. En menor medida lo hacen respecto de las estrategias políticas.
La encuesta como técnica de investigación en la Ciencia Política
Authors: Sánchez y Sánchez Carlos Luis , Hernández Olvera Katheryn
Published: August 2024

Este artículo explora cómo se desarrolló la relación entre la ciencia política y las encuestas, la cual data de la década de 1930, cuando los sondeos de opinión pública se consolidaron como una herramienta esencial en el ejercicio político. Se hace hincapié en los avances metodológicos en la medición de actitudes y el muestreo científico, aspectos que fueron cruciales en la captura de opiniones y posturas individuales. Además, ofrece una guía sobre los aspectos metodológicos fundamentales para una correcta planeación y aplicación en campo, asegurando su precisión en la recolección y análisis de datos.
Presentación
Authors: Sánchez y Sánchez Carlos Luis
Published: August 2024

Presentación