bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research Data Management and Data Sharing for Reproducible Research—Results of a Community Survey of the German National Research Data Infrastructure Initiative Neuroscience
Authors: Klingner Carsten M. , Denker Michael , Grün Sonja , Hanke Michael , Oeltze-Jafra Steffen , Ohl Frank W. , Radny Janina , Rotter Stefan , Scherberger Hansjörg , Stein Alexandra , Wachtler Thomas , Witte Otto W. , Ritter Petra
Published: February 2023

Science is changing: the volume and complexity of data are increasing, the number of studies is growing and the goal of achieving reproducible results requires new solutions for scientific data management. In the field of neuroscience, the German National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI-Neuro) initiative aims to develop sustainable solutions for research data management (RDM). To obtain an understanding of the present RDM situation in the neuroscience community, NFDI-Neuro conducted a comprehensive survey among the neuroscience community. Here, we report and analyze the results of the survey. We focused the survey and our analysis on current needs, challenges, and opinions about RDM. The German neuroscience community perceives barriers with respect to RDM and data sharing mainly linked to (1) lack of data and metadata standards, (2) lack of community adopted provenance tracking methods, (3) lack of secure and privacy preserving research infrastructure for sensitive data, (4) lack of RDM literacy, and (5) lack of resources (time, personnel, money) for proper RDM. However, an overwhelming majority of community members (91%) indicated that they would be willing to share their data with other researchers and are interested to increase their RDM skills. Taking advantage of this willingness and overcoming the existing barriers requires the systematic development of standards, tools, and infrastructure, the provision of training, education, and support, as well as additional resources for RDM to the research community and a constant dialogue with relevant stakeholders including policy makers to leverage of a culture change through adapted incentivization and regulation.
The Orienting Reflex Reveals Behavioral States Set by Demanding Contexts: Role of the Superior Colliculus
Authors: Zhou Ji , Hormigo Sebastian , Busel Natan , Castro-Alamancos Manuel A.
Published: February 2023

Sensory stimuli can trigger an orienting reflex (response) by which animals move the head to position their sensors (e.g., eyes, pinna, whiskers). Orienting responses may be important to evaluate stimuli that call for action (e.g., approach, escape, ignore), but little is known about the dynamics of orienting responses in the context of goal-directed actions. Using mice of either sex, we found that, during a signaled avoidance action, the orienting response evoked by the conditioned stimulus (CS) consisted of a fast head movement containing rotational and translational components that varied substantially as a function of the behavioral and underlying brain states of the animal set by different task contingencies. Larger CS-evoked orienting responses were associated with high-intensity auditory stimuli, failures to produce the appropriate signaled action, and behavioral states resulting from uncertain or demanding situations and the animal's ability to cope with them. As a prototypical orienting neural circuit, we confirmed that the superior colliculus controls and codes the direction of spontaneous exploratory orienting movements. In addition, superior colliculus activity correlated with CS-evoked orienting responses, and either its optogenetic inhibition or excitation potentiated CS-evoked orienting responses, which are likely generated downstream in the medulla. CS-evoked orienting responses may be a useful probe to assess behavioral and related brain states, and state-dependent modulation of orienting responses may involve the superior colliculus.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumans and other animals produce an orienting reflex (also known as orienting response) by which they rapidly orient their head and sensors to evaluate novel or salient stimuli. Spontaneous orienting movements also occur during exploration of the environment in the absence of explicit, salient stimuli. We monitored stimulus-evoked orienting responses in mice performing signaled avoidance behaviors and found that these responses reflect the behavioral state of the animal set by contextual demands and the animal's ability to cope with them. Various experiments involving the superior colliculus revealed a well-established role in spontaneous orienting but only an influencing effect over orienting responses. Stimulus-evoked orienting responses may be a useful probe of behavioral and related brain states.
No MAS
Authors: Acosta Jonathon
Published: February 2023

Political sociologists have spent more time investigating how charismatic leaders gain support than how they lose it. Which factors drive voters to abandon a charismatic leader? Is defection associated with social and political identity, economic circumstances, democratic commitments, interactions between these, or other factors? In this paper, I use the case of Juan “Evo” Morales and Bolivia to explore how support for a charismatic leader erodes. A mixed-methods approach enables a descriptive portrait of loyalists and defectors from nationally representative survey data, along with an analysis of how voters describe their political allegiances from in-depth interviews across two summers of fieldwork in La Paz. The study finds that in the case of Evo and Bolivia, loyalty to and defection from a charismatic leader are affected by education, ethnic identity, and sex. Using these findings, the paper shows how responses to charismatic counter-roles are shaped by voter positionality. Differences in voters’ interpretation of a given situation depend partly on identity. Support for a charismatic leader is not necessarily support for charisma, and voters defect for various reasons, including some cited by other voters as grounds for their persistent loyalty.
Percepção das puérperas quanto aos cuidados prestados pela equipe de saúde no puerpério
Authors: de Oliveira Juliana Fechine Braz , Quirino Glauberto da Silva , Rodrigues Dafne Paiva
Published: February 2023

Objetivou-se investigar a experiência da puérpera durante a transição ao papel materno a partir dos cuidados dispensados pela equipe de saúde nos contextos hospitalar e domiciliar e identificar os conhecimentos adquiridos pelas puérperas relativos aos cuidados no puerpério. Estudo exploratório e descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, com puérperas que realizaram pré-natal em unidades da Equipe de Saúde da Família, de junho a agosto de 2007. Utilizou-se entrevista executada nas visitas domiciliares. As categorias analisadas foram: sentimentos das mulheres vivenciados no puerpério; conhecimentos das mulheres acerca dos cuidados inerentes ao puerpério; extensão do cuidado à puérpera no domicílio; e satisfação das puérperas com o cuidado recebido. Os principais cuidados citados pelas mulheres foram: amamentação, alimentação, planejamento familiar e cuidados ao recém-nascido. Notou-se que o puerpério era assistido de forma regular, cujos cuidados, em sua maioria, direcionavam-se ao recém-nascido, com insuficiente atenção à puérpera.
Vigilância do crescimento infantil: conhecimento e práticas de enfermeiros da atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Silva Reichert Altamira Pereira da , Almeida Alane Barreto de , Souza Liliana Cruz de , Amorim Silva Maria Elizabete de , Collet Neusa
Published: February 2023

Este estudo objetivou verificar os conhecimentos e práticas de enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família quanto à vigilância do crescimento de lactentes nas consultas de puericultura e informações maternas. Pesquisa quantitativa transversal realizada entre maio e junho de 2009, mediante questionário com enfermeiros e entrevista com mães em João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Para análise utilizou-se o software EPI INFO e o programa SPSS. Os enfermeiros realizaram a consulta direcionada ao crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil, porém, apenas 37,8% tinham conhecimento geral sobre o crescimento infantil, 64,4% erraram questão sobre linhas da curva do crescimento na caderneta da criança, também se observou contradição entre as informações fornecidas pelas mães e enfermeiros quanto à orientação para o desenvolvimento infantil. Diante disso, identificou-se a necessidade de atualização dos enfermeiros sobre conteúdos relacionados à saúde da criança, para realizarem a vigilância do crescimento infantil de forma integral.
Trabalho do apoiador matricial na Estratégia Saúde da Família
Authors: Barrêto Anne Jaquelyne Roque , Romera Amanda de Araújo , Virgínio de Oliveira Annelissa Andrade , Sá Lenilde Duarte de , Almeida Sandra Aparecida de , Nogueira Jordana de Almeida
Published: February 2023

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer o processo de trabalho dos apoiadores matriciais que atuam na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida em um Distrito Sanitário, localizado em um dos municípios da região metropolitana de João Pessoa-PB. Observou-se que o apoiador matricial é considerado um articulador e facilitador do processo de trabalho da equipe frente à gestão. Desenvolve atividades gerenciais a partir do acompanhamento do processo de trabalho de cada setor do serviço e incentiva a construção de espaços de cogestão. Outra atividade se relaciona à dimensão assistencial a qual se orienta pela proposta da clínica ampliada. Conclui-se que o trabalho do apoiador matricial se configura uma estratégia de gestão que corrobora com o fortalecimento da construção de um cuidado integral e humanizado conforme preconiza o SUS.
Acolhimento e saúde mental: desafio profissional na Estratégia Saúde da Família
Authors: Iversen Sucigan Débora Helena , Toledo Vanessa Pellegrino , Francischetti Garcia Ana Paula Rigon
Published: February 2023

Estudo exploratório-descritivo, que objetiva compreender como os profissionais de enfermagem de equipes de saúde da família realizam o acolhimento dos pacientes de saúde mental e seus sentimentos diante deste trabalho. Foi realizado em uma unidade básica de saúde do município de Campinas (SP). Reconheceram-se duas categorias: as diferenças entre o acolher e o encaminhar e; conhecer a si e ao outro: uma possibilidade de acolher. A discussão dos achados fundamentou-se principalmente no referencial de Rogers e apreendeu-se que o acolhimento se caracterizou predominantemente como uma forma de encaminhamento utilizada pelos profissionais de enfermagem, em contrapartida reconheceu-se que, quando o acolhimento foi bem sucedido e resolutivo, este profissional foi capaz de dispor de sua habilidade empática, mesmo desconhecendo a empatia como método, assim percebe-se como realmente é, torna-se mais auto-confiante e capaz de valorizar a experiência do paciente, ocorrendo uma melhora nesta relação e uma maior produção em saúde.
Perfil sociodemográfico e acadêmico dos residentes multiprofissionais de uma universidade pública
Authors: Goulart Carolina Tonini , Silva Rodrigo Marques da , Bolzan Maria Elaine de Oliveira , Guido Laura de Azevedo
Published: February 2023

O Programa de Residência Multiprofissional objetiva adaptar as diretrizes e princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde à formação dos trabalhadores da área da saúde e assim, contribuir para a qualificação dos serviços de saúde. Identificou-se o perfil sociodemográfico, profissional e acadêmico dos Residentes Multiprofissionais de um hospital universitário do Rio Grande do Sul. Estudo descritivo e quantitativo. Aplicou-se o Protocolo de Pesquisa a 37 residentes em 2011. Predominaram aqueles do sexo feminino (83,78%), solteiros (81,08%), sem filhos (94,6 %), na faixa etária entre 25 e 29 anos (51,35%), ingressaram na RMS um ano após a conclusão do curso de graduação (41.66%), atuam na ênfase hospitalar (66,67%), estão satisfeitos com a residência (58,82%), embora 62,16% pensaram em desistir. Do total, 59,46% possui experiência profissional e estudam em média 111,4 minutos/dia. O perfil identificado, jovens, solteiros, com hábito de estudar associado às atividades laborais favorece a formação de profissionais com características para atuar no SUS.
Medicamentos utilizados na terapia intravenosa pediátrica: um estudo sobre combinações potencialmente interativas
Authors: Martins Tathiana Silva de Souza , Silvino Zenith Rosa , Silva Luciana Rodrigues , Reis Fernanda Faria , Sousa Daniel Gomes
Published: February 2023

Os objetivos deste estudo foram: identificar e classificar os principais fármacos administrados por via intravenosa nas prescrições das unidades pediátricas e verificar a ocorrência de interações medicamentosas potenciais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva, com tratamento quantitativo dos dados. A população constou de 1248 prescrições pediátricas e a amostra de 205, tendo como critérios de inclusão: prescrições com terapia intravenosa de dois ou mais fármacos. A coleta de dados ocorreu no Arquivo Médico de um Hospital Universitário. Verificou-se que: a maioria dos medicamentos utilizados apresentou potencial interativo; 60% das crianças foram expostas à coadministração de antimicrobianos, sendo a vancomicina o agente mais envolvido, e todas as crianças fizeram uso de um antimicrobiano durante o período de internação. Conclui-se que a coadministração de fármacos potencialmente interativos associada ao aprazamento simultâneo de horários na administração desses agentes, poderia predispor o paciente a eventos indesejados, afetando, deste modo, a segurança da terapia.
Alcoolismo no contexto familiar: estratégias de enfrentamento das idosas usuárias da terapia comunitária
Authors: Ferreira Filha Maria de Oliveira , de Sá Aralinda Nogueira Pinto , Rocha Ianine Alves da , Silva Vagna Cristina Leite da , Medeiros Souto Claudia Maria Ramos , Dias Maria Djair
Published: February 2023

O alcoolismo no contexto familiar gera danos significativos à mulher idosa que se torna a vítima mais expressiva desta problemática. Estudo documental realizado na Secretaria de Saúde de João Pessoa, em julho/2008, teve como objetivo identificar as estratégias utilizadas por mulheres idosas no enfrentamento ao alcoolismo na família e os depoimentos espontâneos expressados no momento final das rodas de terapia comunitária. Foram consultadas 776 fichas das informações da terapia comunitária integrativa. Os achados foram organizados em forma de narrativa e separados em categorias analíticas. Demonstraram como estratégias mais utilizadas: espiritualidade (33,3%), grupos de ajuda mútua (26,6%) e fortalecimento dos familiares (13,3%). Os depoimentos mais frequentes: coragem (15,5%), esperança (13,3%), fé (11,1%), confiança e união (6,6%). A relação entre os achados aponta como efeito positivo da TCI, o empoderamento, fortalecimento de vínculos e capacidade resiliente permitindo à família superação dos dilemas cotidianos, ante a problemática do alcoolismo.
Perfil dos atendimentos por causas externas em hospital público
Authors: de Lima Marlos Victor Fonsêca , Pereira Silva Romântiezer Lourenço , de Albuquerque Nicelha Maria Guedes , de Oliveira Jonas Sâmi Albuquerque , Cavalcante Cleonice Andréa Alves , Ferreira de Macêdo Maria Lúcia Azevedo
Published: February 2023

Estudo com o objetivo de identificar o perfil dos atendimentos por causas externas em um pronto-socorro de um hospital público de referência no Estado. Pesquisa descritiva documental utilizando-se a abordagem quantitativa. A análise dos dados revelou que no período de janeiro a dezembro do ano de 2009 foram realizados 4.464 atendimentos por causas externas. A ocorrência maior de agravos ocorreu na faixa etária entre 21 a 40 anos (37,70%), no sexo masculino (68,6 %). Em relação às causas, as quedas (29%) foi a maior variável; seguida de acidentes motociclísticos (17,98%); acidentes domésticos (16,53%); agressão física (10,43%) e o acidente ciclístico (8,84%). Observou-se que 23,3% dos atendimentos realizados no pronto-socorro foram da população procedente de municípios circunvizinhos. Este estudo revelou a necessidade de melhoria na qualidade das informações sobre os agravos motivados por causas externas, que constituem importante demanda de internação e de gastos em saúde.
Qualitative research in health
Authors: Sansigolo Kerr Ligia Regina Franco , Kendall Carl
Published: February 2023

Qualitative research and health has become extremely popular in the last 30 years. Since the 80’s, more and more health professionals have engaged in qualitative research. Discriminating a “qualitative research” from quantitative research, though, is a misnomer, since all research is at least part qualitative. After all, when epidemiologists or biostatisticians count something, that category is a qualitative “something”.
Development and validation of educational manual for the promotion of breastfeeding
Authors: Costa Priscila Bomfim , Araújo Chagas Ana Carolina Maria , Joventino Emanuella Silva , Dodt Regina Cláudia Melo , Oriá Mônica Oliveira Batista , Ximenes Lorena Barbosa
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was at developing and validating an educational manual promoting breastfeeding. It was a methodological study in which 17 illustrations and their respective captions were developed based on existing literature. A validation of appearance and content was conducted by five health professionals and validation of appearance by 17 women in their postpartum period who were being attended to in a maternity ward in Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, from March to May 2009. Regarding the degree of relevance of the figures and captions, the Content Validity Index was calculated, with an excellent rate of 0.97 after modifications and exclusions as suggested during the evaluation. The final version of the manual consisted of 13 figures and captions. The use of this manual both during the pre-natal and postpartum phases is believed to facilitate nursing in that it represents an illustrated medium that can provide answers for the mothers’ questions, promoting breastfeeding.
Health professionals’ perceptions regarding interdisciplinary work in educational strategies in diabetes
Authors: David Gizele Ferreira , Torres Heloisa de Carvalho
Published: February 2023

The objective was to analyze health professionals’ perception regarding the educational strategies in diabetes undertaken by the interdisciplinary team in primary care. A total of twelve health professionals in primary care units in Belo Horizonte in the state of Minas Gerais (MG) participated in focus groups in March – April 2011, aiming to problematize the experience of the interdisciplinary work in the educational practice, and the factors which act as facilitators or barriers for the effectiveness of diabetes education. The results were organized based on the identification of the categories: 1) Issues related and/or attributed to the clientele itself, 2) Professional training; 3) Multidisciplinary work and 4) Planning of educational actions. The study showed the importance of planning and evaluating the educational practices, and the integration of interdisciplinary work in the interventions as a means of establishing strategies for prevention and control of the disease, and promotion of health in relation to it.
The relation between leisure activities and glycemic levels from deaf adults
Authors: França Inacia Sátiro Xavier de , Aragão Jamilly da Silva , Coura Alexsandro Silva , Kluczynik Vieira Caroline Evelin Nascimento , Silva Joedson Felipe da , Cruz Giovanna Karinny Pereira
Published: February 2023

The aim has been to check the association among leisure activities and glycemic levels from deaf adults. Transversal study made with 36 deaf adults in an Audiocomunicação school, making use of a semi-structured questionnaire. Chi-square, Fisher and Contingency Coefficient tests were made. Unfed capillary glycemic average showed up close to values considered usual, however, there are participants with risky glycemic level. Participants with altered glycemic levels totalized 11,1%. We checked association among deaf glycemic people having leisure activities, go shopping (p=0,034) and visiting relatives (p=0,012). Leisure activities may have influence over glycemic levels of deaf people, and nurses are supposed to consider stimuli and orientation of leisure activities in nurse processes, as a potential intervention to promote health of those people, and prevent implications caused by altered glycemic levels.
Health condition of women with mental disorder
Authors: Botti Nadja Cristiane Lappann , Ferreira SSimone Campos , Nascimento Rafaella Gontijo , Ferreira Pinto Jeizziani Aparecida
Published: February 2023

This research aimed to evaluate the reproductive, gynecological, sexual and clinical aspects of women with mental disorders. This is an exploratory research with quantitative approach performed in a Psychosocial Care Center, Type III, in Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with 39 women with mental disorders. Data collection took place from October to December 2012, through used semi-structured interviews and checked blood pressure, blood glucose, weight and height. The results revealed normal levels of blood pressure and postprandial blood glucose, change in body mass index, presence of menstrual flow, nulliparity, first sexual intercourse in adolescence, early menarche, and lack of climacteric symptoms and history of abortion. Comprehensive health care for women involves more than the demands and needs of the mental health field.
Self care under the perception of the mental health nursing professionals
Authors: Silva Adão Ademir , Terra Malene Gomes , Freitas Fernanda Franceschi de , Ely Gabriela Zenatti , Souza Mostardeiro Sadja Cristina Tassinari de
Published: February 2023

This qualitative research aimed at understanding the self care of the mental health nursing professionals. Ten nursing professionals of the mental health team of a psychiatric unit of a university hospital in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were interviewed from September to December 2010. The research data were collected through interviews and analyzed based on the referential phenomenology. The research result unveiled these categories: situations experienced in the encounter with the other and the possibilities of self-care in mental health. We conclude that self-care starts from the perception of the intersubjective encounter as a way to build relationships and human interactions which are more sensitive and open to dialogue with one another.
Assessment of the maternal self-efficacy for child diarrhea prevention
Authors: Lopes Taís Capistrano , Chaves Anne Fayma Lopes , Joventino Emanuella Silva , Rocha Rebeca Silveira , Castelo Ana Rita Pimentel , Oriá Mônica Oliveira Batista
Published: February 2023

This study aims at assessing self-efficacy for preventing child diarrhea among mothers of children living in Quixadá, Ceará, Brazil. A descriptive, quantitative study was conducted in three Basic Health Units of Quixadá, CE, Brazil from March to May2012.We interviewed 150 mothers of children under five years, using the socio demographic form and the Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale for Child Diarrhea Prevention. 51.3% of children had had diarrhea, 89% of the mothers had low self-efficacy for preventing child diarrhea. Items that showed greater disagreement were “I am able to avoid my son putting dirty objects in his mouth" (10.2%), ’I am able to wash fruits and vegetables with sodium hypochlorite or bleach" (25.3%)and "I am able not to give my child left over meals‘ (25.3%). The majority (89.0%) of the mothers had low self-efficacy for preventing child diarrhea. Thus, maternal self-efficacy should be considered for the prevention of child diarrhea
Treatment of tuberculosis under the view of the user
Authors: Dias Ana Angélica Lima , Oliveira Daniela Maria Falcão de , Ramdohr Sobrinho Ellen Cristine , Palha Pedro Fredemir , Figueiredo Rosely Moralez de
Published: February 2023

Clinical-qualitative study aimed at analyzing the experiences of users who completed treatment for tuberculosis in the county of São Carlos-São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected from February to September 2011, through semi-structured interviews, with 15 users. These were organized according to the content analysis technique, thematic modality. The patients face difficulties in being diagnosed and use different health services; they suffer with the reactions resulting from the treatment, and the supervision of drug intake is seen both as a facilitator for the formation of the link and also as a deterrent to adherence. Assessment researches related to difficulty in establishing the diagnosis and the monitoring of the supervised treatment should be made to minimize the barriers to control the disease.
Od decentralizacji do centralizmu demokratycznego – od samorządu II Rzeczypospolitej do systemu rad narodowych w Polsce Ludowej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Fermus-Bobowiec Anna , Szewczak-Daniel Mariola ,   Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie
Published: February 2023

The formation of the internal structures of a local government began once Poland regained independence. The local government in the Second Polish Republic became an essential element of the reactivated Polish sovereignty and of the local authorities created at that time. At the same time, it underwent significant changes: from the rule of the broad self-government based on the principle of decentralization, to the self-government subjected to the process of centralization and functioning in an authoritarian state. The culmination of these events resulted in the consolidation act of 1933. The functioning of the self-government structures of the Second Polish Republic was interrupted by World War II. After the war, Poland was in the sphere of Soviet influence and took over Soviet system solutions. Initially reactivated local government was finally replaced in 1950 by the system of national councils to express a democratic centralism and simultaneously a guarantee of ensuring the communist party power monopoly. The aim of this article is to show the changes in the functioning of local government – from its establishment in the Second Polish Republic to its “transformation” into a system of councils and then consolidation of this system in People’s Poland. The study was based on normative legal acts which made up the legal basis for the functioning of local government in the period of the Second Polish Republic and People’s Republic of Poland, as well as on the source literature on this subject. The historical and legal method was the main research method used when writing this article. It consisted in the research and critical evaluation of archival sources and legal phenomena. Moreover, it was used to study the old (non-binding) law regulating the local government system in the period of the Second Polish Republic and People’s Poland.
Przestępstwa popełnione przez żołnierzy Armii Czerwonej na Środkowym Nadodrzu po zakończeniu II wojny światowej (1945–1946) w świetle repertoriów Prokuratury Sądu Okręgowego w Zielonej Górze
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Siemaszko Karol
Published: February 2023

The western and northern territories of Poland (former German territory) were a troubled area in the few months after the end of the war. In the first post-war period, there were no stable power structures, including organs of justice and public order. The prevailing state of anarchy in this territory was the reason for an increase in crime. The perpetrators of crimes were not only civilian settlers but also Red Army soldiers stationed in the area. It should be emphasized that they often treated the territories of the western and northern territories as a conquered territory, and not as part of an allied state. The author presents the issue of post-war criminality in the Lubuskie Region (the so-called recovered territory), where the perpetrators were soldiers of the Red Army. This article was developed on the basis of the indexes of Prosecutor’s Office of the Regional Court in Zielona Góra from 1945-1946. The prosecutor’s office of the Regional Court in Zielona Góra, like the Regional Court in Zielona Góra, started its operation in the early autumn of 1945. Initially, the judiciary and public order authorities in the Lubuskie Region were struggling with personnel and organizational problems typical of the post-war period, therefore their effectiveness in prosecuting and preventing crime was relatively low. Moreover, it should be remembered that the Red Army soldiers were not subject to the jurisdiction of Polish courts and the prosecutor’s office. Cases concerning crimes committed by Soviet soldiers, registered by the prosecutor’s office in Zielona Góra, were transferred to the Military Prosecutor’s Office of the Red Army in Poznań.
Reliance on International Treaties as a Means of Protecting Minority Rights: An Effective Strategy or Waiting for Nothing? The Case of the Polish Minority in Lithuania
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Szymanski Charles
Published: February 2023

This article focuses on the legal and political impact of international minority rights treaties on the Polish minority in Lithuania. An analysis will be made as to whether and to what degree they have been followed by Lithuania, and, overall, whether they have been effective for the Polish minority in Lithuania. The possibility that they are more of a false promise will also be addressed, and whether or not reliance on international law – perhaps in conjunction with local political action within Lithuania – is a good strategy for Poles in Lithuania. In general, international law norms have not had a direct impact, at least as applied by various international tribunals and other bodies. Cases brought by ethnic Poles before the European Court of Justice, the European Court of Human Rights, and the U.N. Human Rights Committee have not yielded significant results. The Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities does directly address many of the issues raised by the Polish minority, but it is not enforceable absent enabling legislation. Yet, recent positive domestic legislation and case law in Lithuania have mitigated these concerns, suggesting that political mobilization, using international norms as a benchmark to be obtained, is much more effective than relying on international law on its own.
People Who Could Not Keep Silent. The Founding Fathers of Whistleblowing
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Kun-Buczko Magdalena
Published: February 2023

The dilemma between loyalty to an organization and exposing irregularities within it has been observed since 1777, when whistleblowing activities were first documented, when ten sailors affected by mistreatment and feelings of injustice decided to report these irregularities to the most powerful commander in the Continental Navy, Esek Hopkins. Since then, there have been many examples of whistleblowing in the US. Each whistleblower, acted in the name of the greater good, often risking his or her name, reputation and even his or her family’s safety. The first reports were unique because no one knew the institution of whistleblowers, and their activities were often synonymous with denunciation and lack of loyalty to the employer. Over time, attitudes began to change, regulations began to emerge to protect whistleblowers, and even organizations began to stand up to protect their rights. Instead of condemnation, their attitude began to be met with admiration and approval. Whistleblowers began to be rewarded for their activity. Whistleblowing is beginning to become the norm and standard of a democratic state of law. It is understood that a well-built compliance policy, transparent and clear operating rules play a huge role in the success of an organization. A brief presentation of selected stories of whistleblowers is intended to give an idea of the development of this institution. The research methodology used in this article primarily involves the historical-descriptive method.
Mit einem kleinen Schubs zur Technologieadoption
Authors: Rieder Annamina , Woerner Wolfram , Jung Reinhard
Published: February 2023

Digitale Nudges nutzen psychologische Prinzipien, um Nutzerverhalten im digitalen Raum zu beeinflussen. Um als Unternehmen wirksame digitale Nudges zu entwickeln, ist ein systematisches Vorgehen notwendig. Zu diesem Zweck wird in diesem Artikel die Digital Nudge Design-Methode vorgestellt, die das Entwickeln von digitalen Nudges in vier Phasen unterstützt. Die in den einzelnen Phasen angewendeten Techniken und Prozessschritte werden am Beispiel der Hero AG illustriert, die jüngst mit der Methode eigene digitale Nudges zur Nutzungsintensivierung einer Business Intelligence-Software entwickelt hat.
Realität schafft IT-Herausforderungen und Realität löst diese auch
Authors: Homrighausen Andreas
Published: February 2023

Eine hohe Datenqualität ist unabdingbar für eine erfolgreiche Unternehmenssteuerung. Die Erzeugung von hoher Datenqualität ist aufwendig und durchaus komplex. In diesem Artikel wird eine integrierte Sicht eingenommen, indem vom Realweltmodell ausgegangen wird. Es ist das relevante Abbild eines Ausschnitts der realen Welt, der zur Steuerung genutzt werden soll. Das Datenmanagement sollte zusammen mit der IT-Architektur und dem Analysewerkzeug entwickelt werden. Durch diese integrierte Definition der Systemelemente und Validierung am Realweltmodell kann die geforderte Datenqualität erzeugt werden.
Nutzung von Predictive Analytics im Rahmen des Einsatzes von Softwarepaketen
Authors: Oehler Karsten
Published: February 2023

Das zielgerichtete Zusammenspiel zwischen Controllingsystemen und Predictive Analytics ist ein relativ junges Thema, bietet aber für die Finanzorganisation erhebliche Potenziale zum Erkenntnis- und Effizienzgewinn. Entsprechend ist die Ausgestaltung von konkreten Einsatzszenarien noch vage. Viele Unternehmen sind nach wie vor im Experimentierstadium, und „Out of the Box“-Lösungen sind erst im Entstehen. In diesem Artikel wird erklärt, welche Möglichkeiten für eine wirksame Umsetzung bestehen und wie die Ausgestaltung einer Lösungsarchitektur erfolgen kann.
Schweizer Käse im Homeoffice
Authors:   Friedrich
Published: February 2023

Informationssicherheit ist ein ganzheitlicher Prozess, der alle Abteilungen und Bereiche eines Unternehmens gleichermaßen betrifft. Digitalisierung als Weiterentwicklung der bisherigen bzw. früheren Vorgehensweise ist hierbei ein wichtiger Bestandteil. Der Schutz der Informationen, Daten und Mitarbeiter muss umfänglich erfolgen, um Schäden abzuwenden. Angriffe sind durch mehrschichtige Verteidigungen aufzudecken und zu verhindern, bevor Schaden entstehen kann. Sicherheit ist überall wie eine Kette – sie bricht am schwächsten Glied.
Blockchain
Authors:   Henke,   Culotta
Published: February 2023

Supply Chains werden zunehmend in digitalen Ökosystemen abgebildet. Wie solche Ökosysteme aufgebaut und in neue Geschäftsmodelle überführt werden können, zeigt die Silicon Economy. Die Blockchain-Technologie spielt dabei eine besondere Rolle: Nicht nur Transparenz entlang von Material-, Informations- und Finanzflüssen wird mithilfe der Blockchain möglich, sondern auch die Schaffung gänzlich neuer Werte. Daraus entstehen spannende Aufgaben für das Controlling.
Digitale Transformation der Planung im -dynamischen Markt-umfeld der Energienetzbetreiber
Authors:   Agne,   Kierdorf
Published: February 2023

Netzbetreiber in der Stromwirtschaft befinden sich aktuell in einem besonders dynamischen Marktumfeld und stehen vor großen Herausforderungen. Im Zuge der Energiewende sind umfangreiche Netzausbaumaßnahmen und eine Digitalisierung von Netz- und Planungsprozessen erforderlich. Gleichzeitig steigt die Komplexität der energiewirtschaftlichen Marktprozesse für den Netzbetrieb deutlich an. Damit wird die integrierte Betrachtung der maßgeblichen technischen und kaufmännischen Planungsprozesse und deren Einbindung in ein zentrales Planungssystem immer wichtiger. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Ansätze der Netzbetreiber zur Weiterentwicklung der unternehmerischen Planungsprozesse, um in einem dynamischen Marktumfeld weiterhin vorausschauend und langfristig planen und gleichzeitig einen stabilen Netzbetrieb gewährleisten zu können.
Wie bauen Unternehmen die -Finanzfunktion der Zukunft auf?
Authors:   Marquardt
Published: February 2023

Die durch Covid-19 ausgelöste Pandemie hat in vielen Unternehmen den Transformationsbedarf in den Finanzorganisationen deutlich gemacht. Covid-19 wirkte hier wie ein Katalysator, beschleunigt seither viele Entwicklungen und hat nicht zuletzt die tragende Rolle der Finanzfunktion ins Bewusstsein gerufen. Unternehmen stellen sich unter anderem darum heute die entscheidende Frage: Wie soll die Finanzfunktion der Zukunft aufgebaut werden?
Zahlungsverhalten beobachten, Ausfallrisiken minimieren, Working Capital erhöhen
Authors:   Schröder,   Diehl,   Wahrstötter,   Köber
Published: February 2023

Das Process Mining stellt eine innovative Technologie dar, mit der Prozesse rekonstruiert und analysiert werden können. Die hierdurch gewonnene Transparenz schafft Optimierungspotenziale und unterstützt die Prozesssteuerung. Der Order-to-Cash-Prozess dient als Anwendungsfall, um aufzuzeigen, wie das digitale Tool im Rahmen des Working-Capital und Debitorenmanagements wertsteigernd eingesetzt werden kann. Doch welche Aufgaben übernimmt hierbei der Controller? Und wie wirken sich Digitalisierung und Prozessorientierung auf seine Arbeitsweisen und Kompetenzanforderungen aus?
Reducing the sensitivity of high-silicon Al-Mg-Si(Cu) alloys to intergranular corrosion
Authors:   Institute of Pulse Processes and Technologies of NAS of Ukraine, Mykolaiv, Ukraine, А. V. Sinchuk , O. E. Merkkulov ,   Iron and Steel Institute of. Z.I. Nekrasov of NAS of Ukraine, Dnipro, Ukraine
Published: February 2023

The mechanical properties and susceptibility to intergranular corrosion (IGC) of Al-Mg-Si(Cu) aircraft alloys containing 1.4-1.5%Si were studied. A different Mg/Si ratio and a different phase content of Mg2Si and Si, as a consequence, were realized for them by varying the chemical composition. It is shown, that the strength of the alloys increases and the resistance to MGC decreases as the chemical composition of the alloy moves away from the quasi-binary cross-section and the amount of residual silicon Si+ above the limit required for Mg2Si formation is enhanced. Marked No. 2 the strongest alloy and the least corrosion-resistant, at the same time, which has UTS ≥350 MPa and MGC penetration depth of more than 100 μm was determined. It contains 0.7 % Si+ and, among the other experimental alloys, this one is the closest to the upper solubility limit of 1.85 % Mg2Si in aluminum. The negative effect of Cu and Fe on MGC, as well as the temporary delay, if any between quenching and strengthening heat treatment (artificial aging), was demonstrated. A series of isothermal curves, which characterize the strengthening of alloy No. 2 during artificial aging, was obtained, and it is shown, there is no isothermal processing within the temperature range of 145-200 °С, which would increase its resistance to MGC. Analyzing the generally accepted sequence of phase transformations, which takes place during the decomposition of a supersaturated solid solution after quenching, two-stage treatment modes of 145 °С, 4 h + 220 °С, 0.5 h and 145 °С, 2 h + 165 °С, 4 h were found and tested. They provided decreasing the maximum depth of MGC penetration by approximately 1.5-2.5 without significant worsening of the mechanical properties for alloy No. 2. Keywords: aircraft alloys, strength, intergranular corrosion, residual silicon, artificial aging, multi-stage processing.
Childhood Abuse, Intimate Partner Violence in Young Adulthood, and Welfare Receipt by Midlife
Authors: Domond Pascale , Orri Massimiliano , Vergunst Francis , Bouchard Samantha , Findlay Leanne , Kohen Dafna , Hébert Martine , Vitaro Frank , Tremblay Richard E. , Geoffroy Marie-Claude , Côté Sylvana
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE

To investigate prospective associations between type of child abuse (physical, sexual, both), timing (childhood, young adulthood, both), and welfare receipt into middle-age.

METHODS

Database linkage study using the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children cohort born in 1980 and government administrative databases (N = 3020). We assessed parental tax returns, family and personal background characteristics (1982–1987). At age 22 years, participants answered retrospective questionnaires on experienced childhood abuse (physical, sexual abuse < age 18 years) and intimate partner violence (IPV) (ages 18–22). Main outcome was years on social assistance, on the basis of participant tax returns (ages 23–37 years). Analysis included weights for population representativeness.

RESULTS

Of 1690 participants (54.4% females) with available data, 22.4% reported childhood abuse only, 14.5% IPV only, and 18.5% both. Prevalence of childhood physical, sexual, and both was 20.4%, 12.2%, and 8.3%, respectively. Adjusting for socioeconomic background and individual characteristics, we found that childhood physical abuse alone and physical or sexual abuse combined were associated with a two-fold risk of welfare receipt, as compared to never-abused (adjusted incidence risk ratio 2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65–3.58; and adjusted incidence risk ratio 2.04, 95% CI, 1.29–3.23, respectively). Repeated abuse (childhood abuse combined with adult IPV) had a three-fold risk (adjusted incidence ratio 3.59, 95% CI, 2.39–5.37).

CONCLUSIONS

Abuse across several developmental periods (childhood and young adulthood) is associated with increased risks of long-term welfare receipt, independently of socioeconomic background. Results indicate a dose-response association. Early prevention and targeted identification are crucial to preventing economic adversity that may potentially lead to intergenerational poverty.
Temporalidades juvenis e impactos do contexto pandêmico
Authors: Koerich Bruna Rossi , Pimenta Melissa de Mattos
Published: February 2023

Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre os impactos do contexto de pandemia nos modos como jovens experienciam o tempo. Para tanto, partimos de conversas mediadas pelas redes sociais com quatro jovens de diferentes idades, percursos escolares e contextos de vida, todos residentes em Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil. A análise do campo empírico se amparou em autores que vêm se dedicando a compreender diferentes dimensões das temporalidades juvenis, como Carmen Leccardi e José Machado Pais. Foi possível constatar mudanças nas percepções de temporalidade, que puderam ser observadas em duas dimensões: na organização do tempo cotidiano e nas projeções acerca do futuro. Para alguns jovens, o tempo pareceu ter acelerado enquanto para outros, o tempo pareceu mais arrastado e entediante. Além disso, alterações nas trajetórias escolares foram apontadas por alguns jovens como geradoras de mudanças em suas expectativas de futuro.
Universidad, cultura y libertad: afiches de Valeria Varas
Authors: Varas Valeria
Published: February 2023

El 28 de abril de 2022, la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), montó la exposición titulada: Universidad, cultura y libertad. Afiches y portadas de Valeria Varas, la cual se replicó el 12 de setiembre de 2022 (sin las portadas), en la Escuela de Estudios Generales de la UCR, en reconocimiento a los trabajos de solidaridad que la diseñadora realizó en los años 80, en Costa Rica, en favor de la protección de los derechos humanos en Centroamérica.
COMUNIDADES VULNERABLES Y DERECHOS HUMANOS
Authors: Camacho Monge Daniel
Published: February 2023

La categoría “derechos humanos” no es inmóvil ni definitiva ni es la misma en toda circunstancia de espacio y tiempo. Más que una categoría general, es una dinámica de lucha por la dignidad de personas y grupos según el momento y el lugar. En ese proceso de lucha ha surgido la categoría de comunidades  vulnerables para referirse a sectores que, por su subordinación cultural, económica y social están expuestos al desconocimiento e irrespeto de sus derechos y su dignidad.
Prowincja Polska Towarzystwa Jezusowego (1918–1926)
Authors: Augustynek Stanisław
Published: February 2023

The aim of this article is to present the historical outline of the Polish Province of the Society of Jesus in the years 1918–1926. The article will present the following topics: the structure and houses of the provinces, the profiles of the provinces, the number of religious in particular years, and the pastoral work carried out in the province and beyond its territorial borders.
Z pałacu do klasztoru. Panowanie Zofii Aleksiejewnej – niekoronowanej carowej Rosji
Authors: Graczyk Monika
Published: February 2023

The predecessors of Sophia Alekseyevna were as firmly embedded in the history of Russia as she was. An example would be Zoe Palaiologina, Elena Glinskaya, Marina Mniszech or Agafya Grushetskaya. Without a brief discussion of these women, it is impossible to understand the attempt to break out of the existing conventions of the protagonist of the paper. Thanks to her intelligence and character, Sophia became the guardian of two tsars. The boys did not have much to say during her regency. Her position was weakened by unsuccessful expeditions to Vasily Golitsyn. Struck down by Peter the Great and imprisoned in the Novodevichy Convent, she tried to seize power without success.
Pomiędzy Limanową a Gorlicami. Działania wojenne w Galicji Zachodniej od połowy grudnia 1914 r. do końca kwietnia 1915 r. – cz. 1
Authors: Woźny Tomasz
Published: February 2023

In the battle of Jasło and Tarnów at the turn of 1914 and 1915, the victorious Russian troops significantly limited the size of the earlier defeat at Limanowa and Łapanów. The front in Western Galicia stabilized for the next four months, despite the fighting, it did not undergo any major changes. In addition, it became a secondary section, from where both sides moved subsequent troops to the Carpathians. The events described in the text significantly influenced the later victory of the Central Powers in the Battle of Gorlice.
Общественно-политическая активность польской шляхты Правобережной Украине в конце XIX – начале ХХ века
Authors: Honcharova Olha , Kryvosheia Igor
Published: February 2023

The article deals with the socio-political life of the Polish nobility of the Kiev province in the late nineteenth – early twentieth century. After the January Uprising of 1863, a characteristic feature of tsarist policy was the russification of the Polish people in Ukraine, especially the wealthy. From the end of the XIX century begin to create the first political parties and organizations. Large landowners and nobility join these political processes. The Polish social movement of the Right Bank of Ukraine is characterized and activity of the Polish organizations of nationalist, charitable, cultural and educational orientation at the beginning of the XX century is considered.
Saints and heroes: Ukrainian hagiographical narratives of the first half of the 17th century between Rome, Constantinople and Moscow
Authors: Sinkevych Nataliia
Published: February 2023

No other period in the history of the Kyiv Orthodox Metropolis gives rise to such contradictory opinions as to the history of the first half of the 17th century. The struggle to preserve the Orthodox identity after signing of the Union of Brest in 1596 and the need to represent the Orthodox way of salvation in anti-Catholic polemics sparked a keen interest in the idea of holiness and saints. This interest, however, did not trigger the canonization of contemporary figures, but rather a reminder of the former hagiographic and historical heritage.