bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uma releitura de O centauro no jardim, de Moacyr Scliar, como processo de aprendizagem para o “ser e viver junto”
Authors: Levemfous Sergio Israel
Published: April 2022

“Aprender a ser e a viver junto” é um processo primeiro interno. Algo que precisa ser equacionado e desejado pelo indivíduo antes de se tornar um investimento social, coletivo ou intercultural. Propomos uma visita ao romance de Moacyr Scliar O Centauro no jardim, que este ano completa quarenta anos desde sua primeira publicação e é, seguramente, um dos mais celebrados de seu repertório. Ao longo de uma narrativa ora fantástica ora verossímil, o protagonista faz uma espécie de percurso de autoconhecimento, uma viagem em um mundo interno. De certo modo, na acepção de Jung, um processo de individuação que ressignifica seu mundo relacional. A temática das obras de Scliar toca, sobretudo, na questão da imigração judaica no Brasil e na adaptação e integração desses imigrantes à sociedade brasileira. Para tanto, Scliar faz uso do humor e de certa leveza ao tecer personagens não exatamente confortáveis em seus contextos e muitas vezes em conflito interno. Personagens que tentam compreender sua condição identitária levando em conta traços de memórias, heranças culturais e a nova realidade que os cercam. É o caso de Guedali (judeu, gaúcho, brasileiro... um centauro?), que em meio a descobertas e deslocamentos espaciais percebe que sua condição múltipla pode não ser uma aberração, mas um atributo.
Aimé Césaire e seu discurso poético sobre as Antilhas/ Aimé Césaire and his poetic speech on the Antilles/ Aimé Césaire et son discours poétique sur les Antilles
Authors: Azevedo Érika Pinto de
Published: April 2022

Résumé : Entre 1941 et 1945, Aimé Césaire (1913-2008), écrivain martiniquais alors professeur de lycée à Fort-de-France, publie des poèmes dans des revues diverses, et notamment dans Tropiques, revue culturelle lancée en Martinique par Aimé Césaire lui-même, sa femme Suzanne, René Ménil, Aristide Maugé et d’autres intellectuels de l’île. En 1946, quelques-uns de ces poèmes sont retravaillés pour paraître pour la première fois en volume sous le titre Les Armes miraculeuses. Cet article se penche sur l’écriture des Armes miraculeuses, recueil de poèmes qui, avec Tropiques, participe à cette entreprise commune d’élaboration d’un discours sur la culture antillaise et ses héritages africains. Il s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une recherche menée à l’Université Fédérale de l’Amapá et intitulée “Les rapports entre le réel et l’imaginaire dans les littératures modernes de langue française : Aimé Césaire et Léon-Gontran Damas”. Pour ce faire, elle présente d’abord quelques données portant sur le parcours de l’écrivain ainsi que sur la genèse des Armes miraculeuses pour examiner ensuite “Avis de tirs”, poème liminaire. Discours poétique sur les Antilles, on peut percevoir dans ce poème le rapport entre la conception poétique particulière de l’écrivain et les luttes générales qu’il a engagées dans le cadre de la Martinique sous le joug colonial de la métropole lors de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, à savoir la décolonisation de territoires et de la pensée.
Nossa epopeia
Authors: Olivieri-Godet Rita
Published: April 2022

FONSECA, Aleilton. A terra em pandemia, 2020
Oswaldo Cruz e os sonhos tropicais de Moacyr Scliar
Authors: Olivieri-Godet Rita
Published: April 2022

Resumo: Nesse artigo, discutimos como o Médico-escritor Moacyr Scliar buscou através do diálogo entre a medicina e a literatura superar a barreira entre as duas culturas, a humanística e a científica; em sua obra, segundo ele mesmo afirma, empenhou-se em perscrutar os sonhos e as mazelas da realidade brasileira com a experiência da medicina. Ele transformou o conhecimento sobre doenças e mortes em temas em seus escritos, a partir disso procuramos mostrar como a vasta produção de ensaísta e romancista do escritor contrói pontes entre essas duas grandes paixões na interface entre a vivência de médico sanitarista e a experiência literária.
Palavras-chave: Moacyr Scliar; Sonhos tropicais; literatura e medicina.
Infância e devir-selvagem: uma problematização a partir de Gilles Deleuze
Authors: Correia Jardim Alex Fabiano , Soares Érika Mariana Abreu
Published: April 2022

Este texto procura pensar a infância e o seu devir-selvagem problematizando o corpo infantil e as práticas pedagógicas da instituição escolar. Práticas que hierarquizam as relações, reproduzem modelos de ensino, imprimem rotina, demandam repetição, representação, imitação, exigem organização e ordenamento ao corpo infantil. Por outro lado, o corpo infantil nos mostra o movimento da infância e o seu devir-selvagem. Movimento que possibilita os corpos escaparem do modelo de sociedade que assujeita o corpo a viver uma única realidade de mundo. Um corpo em devir-selvagem cria outros mundos possíveis operando fissuras nas hegemonias e construindo redes de afeto que invencionam outros modos de existir. Para orientar essa problematização escolhemos os estudos do filósofo francês Gilles Deleuze.
Ensino do Português na França e cidadania: a questão descolonial
Authors: Champagnat Pauline
Published: April 2022

RESUMO: Ao abordar a cultura dos países africanos de língua portuguesa, o professor de língua portuguesa se encontra no desafio de tratar de assuntos como a escravidão, o comércio negreiro, a colonialidade mas também do processo da pós-colonialidade. Isso permite também traçar paralelos com a situação francesa, e refletir sobre o próprio processo de descolonização nas colônias francesas, e a relação que este país ainda mantém com elas. Desta maneira, pretendemos demostrar que o ensino do português pode implicar uma responsabilidade de sensibilização para temas atuais de extrema importância ligados à pós-colonialidade.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: PLE, França, África lusófona, descolonial.

ABSTRACT: When he addresses the subject of Portuguese-speaking African countries, the Portuguese teacher is confronted with the challenge of discussing topics such as slavery, the triangular trade, colonialism but also the post-colonialism process. That is why it makes it possible to draw a parallel with the French situation and reflect about the decolonization process in French former colonies, and the relation that this country still maintains with them. This way, we intend to prove that the Portuguese learning process might imply a responsibility of awareness around major contemporary topics linked to post-coloniality.

KEYWORDS: PLE, France, Portuguese-speaking Africa, decolonial.
Entretien avec Catherine Mavrikakis: Oscar de Profundis (2016) la pandémie de la "mort noire", à Montreal
Authors: Soares de Souza Licia
Published: April 2022

Licia Soares de Souza entrevista a escritora quebequense Catherine Mavrikakis, professora da Universidade de Montréal
O rei está morto, viva o rei: uma leitura do conto “Refluxo”, de José Saramago
Authors: Costa F Edil , Vital Oliveira Santos Alisson
Published: April 2022

Nesse artigo, mapeamos algumas obras literárias que representam um gesto de aprendizado da morte pela literatura, como forma de discutir o impacto da pandemia e a estratégia da representação desse imaginário da morte na obra de José Saramago com uma leitura do conto Refluxo.

Palavras-Chave: morte; literatura; pandemia; Saramago
Flora da Bahia: Myristicaceae
Authors: Rodrigues William Antônio
Published: April 2022

A survey of the genus Virola Aubl. (Myristicaceae) from Bahia State is presented. The survey recognized three species occurring exclusively in the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia: V.bicuhyba (Schott ex Spreng.) Warb., V. gardneri (A. DC.) Warb. and V. officinalis Warb., and two species in the savannah (cerrado): V. subsessilis (Benth.) Warb. and V. urbaniana Warb., the last one is registered for the first time in the flora of Bahia. Descriptions, illustrations, general notes and a key of identification for the five species are provided.
Flora da Bahia: Bromeliaceae – Alcantarea
Authors: Versieux Leonardo M. , Wanderley Maria das Graças Lapa
Published: April 2022

The taxonomic treatment of the single species of the genus Alcantarea (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae) that occurs at the state of Bahia is prsented. Alcantarea nahoumii (Leme) J.R. Grant inhabits inselbergs in a transitional area between the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga and also other rock outcrops in Campos Rupestres vegetation.
Extremófilos: enzimas e aplicações industriais
Authors: Assis Sandra Aparecida de , Alves Daniela Silva dos Santos , Aires Gardênia Araújo , Carvalho Silvanir Figueiredo de
Published: April 2022

Extremophiles are microorganisms adapted to live at high temperatures as thermal vents, low temperatures as in polar regions, high salt concentrations, on acidic and alkali pH values, or under high pressure as deep sea regions. The mesophilic enzymes have some restriction in relation to drastic conditions required for industrial processes, mainly due the low stability of their enzymes. The discovery of new extremophiles microorganisms as well as their products and enzymes had a great impact in the biotechnological field. These microorganisms produce biocatalyzers that operate under conditions in with mesophilic could not survive, allowing the development of additional industrial processes.
Utilização de plantas medicinais no povoado Taiçoca de Fora em Nossa Senhora do Socorro, Sergipe, Brasil
Authors: Mendonça Marcus Aurélio D’Alencar , Correia Maiko dos Santos , Santos Matheus Ismerim Silva , São Mateus Fabrício Pimentel , Soyinka Marcelino
Published: April 2022

This study presents the ethnobotanical of medicinal plants used by the residents of the village Taiçoca de Fora, located at the municipality of Nossa Senhora do Socorro, Sergipe State, Northeastern Brazil. Data were collected through the fieldwork carried out from July to September 2002. After selection of key informants, a semi-structured questionnaire about botanical aspects and uses of reported plants was submitted. There were recorded 28 species distributed among 17 families, and the most cited were “boldo” or “sete-dor” (Plectranthus barbatus), “erva-cidreira” (Melissa officinalis), “capim-santo” (Cymbopogon citratus) and “sambacaitá” (Hyptis pectinata). It was also noted that the preparation is mainly by decoction of leaves for the treatment of diarrhea and inflammation in general and as a sedative.
Produção de pectinases por leveduras: uma revisão
Authors: Oliveira Rodrigo de Queiroz , Góes-Neto Aristóteles , Uetanabaro Ana Paula Trovatti , Rosa Carlos Augusto , Assis Sandra Aparecida de
Published: April 2022

O potencial biotecnológico das enzimas pectinolíticas vem chamando a atenção de vários pesquisadores em todo o mundo, devido à sua importância como catalisadores biológicos em uma variedade de processos industriais. A obtenção de enzimas extracelulares a partir de leveduras é interessante do ponto de vista econômico e industrial, devido à capacidade desses microrganismos de utilizarem substratos de baixo custo para crescimento e a possibilidade de controlar as condições de cultivo para garantir maior produção da enzima. Assim, esta revisão tem o objetivo de divulgar o potencial industrial e biotecnológico das leveduras, buscando incentivar programas de seleção e triagem dos recursos microbianos, que poderiam levar ao surgimento de novos processos ou produtos biotecnológicos.
Emprego de substratos convencionais e alternativos para produção de cogumelos comestíveis: uma breve revisão
Authors: Ceita Geruza de Oliveira , Uetanabaro Ana Paula Trovatti , Kamida Hélio Mitoshi
Published: April 2022

Os cogumelos comestíveis são largamente apreciados mundialmente devido ao seu sabor característico, acentuado valor nutricional e potencial medicinal. Dentre eles, destacam-se Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes e Agaricus bisporus. No Brasil, o cultivo de cogumelos comestíveis vem crescendo ao longo dos anos devido ao aumento nos níveis de consumo. Diante desta nova realidade, torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento de alternativas mais viáveis para o cultivo destes fungos. Palha de cereais, resíduos de cana-de-açúcar e algodão estão entre os muitos resíduos agrícolas que têm sido utilizados para o cultivo destas espécies. Adicionalmente, substratos alternativos, tais como fibras de casca de coco, borras de café e bagaço de mandioca, entre outros resíduos próprios de cada região do país, têm sido avaliados. Os resultados são significativos e mostram uma alta produtividade aliada ao baixo custo. A utilização destas novas estratégias de cultivo potencializa este mercado promissor.
Uso de la diversidad vegetal por Atta cephalotes L. 1758 en San Rafael Piña, municipio de Zentla, Veracruz, México
Authors: Landero-Torres Ivonne , Oliva-Rivera Héctor , Ramos-Elorduy Julieta , Tovar María Elena Galindo , Lee-Espinosa Hilda , Murguía-González Joaquín
Published: April 2022

Las hormigas ocupan un lugar importante en los ecosistemas de los bosques lluviosos tropicales y son herbívoros que se destacan en muchas comunidades neotropicales. Sin embargo, en muchos casos, como es el de Atta cephalotes L. 1758, la relación hormiga-planta ha sido poco estudiada. En este trabajo se determinaron las especies vegetales utilizadas por 16 colonias de A. cephalotes localizadas en tres localidades del municipio de Zentla, Veracruz, México. Aunque el número de especies vegetales utilizadas por colonia está relacionado con la diversidad del lugar, las hormigas son selectivas y atienden a necesidades de organización interna de sus nidos.
Eurico Santos (1883-1968) e a divulgação científica no Brasil
Authors: Nomura Hitoshi
Published: April 2022

Eurico Santos é um nome muito conhecido dos biologistas, veterinários, agrônomos etc., no Brasil e no exterior. Seu nome começou a surgir na imprensa especializada a partir de 1910, tanto em jornais quanto em revistas. Com a finalidade de mostrar aos interessados as suas atividades no meio jornalístico, apresentamos a lista dos seus inúmeros livros e quase a totalidade dos seus artigos de divulgação, de 1910 até 1968.
A contribuição de Paulo Freire para a educação ambiental
Authors: Costa Grênivel Mota da , Silva Uiara Catharina Soares e , Marinho Valdemiro Lopes
Published: April 2022

Muitos têm sido os debates sobre a abordagem no ensino da Educação Ambiental, fomentados, principalmente, pelo agravamento da crise ambiental que é fruto da sociedade de consumo. O pensamento ambientalista, em sua trajetória histórica, passou por um processo de amadurecimento revelando que, em seu interior enfrentam-se forças políticas e correntes teórico-metodológicas. Neste contexto, este trabalho objetiva investigar as contribuições trazidas por Paulo Freire ao ensino de Educação Ambiental, nos seguintes livros: Pedagogia da Autonomia, Pedagogia da Esperança, Educação e Atualidade Brasileira e Professora sim, Tia não. Na busca desta contribuição foi construído um histórico da educação ambiental e as possíveis abordagens dentro desta. Em síntese, a pedagogia de Freire traz uma importante contribuição teórico-metodológica para uma Educação Ambiental consolidada a partir do diálogo, da percepção de mundo e valorização do conhecimento individual o que pode contribuir para uma formação crítica do sujeito ecologicamente responsável.
Flora da Região de Xingó, Alagoas e Sergipe: Loasaceae Juss.
Authors: Melo José Iranildo Miranda de , Silva Marcos José da , Sales Margareth F. de
Published: April 2022

This work traits of the study of the family Loasaceae in the region of Xingó, Alagoas and Sergipe. It was exclusively based on the analysis of specimen incorporated at the main herbaria from Pernambuco State, Brazilian Northeast. In the studied area, Loasaceae is represented by two genera and two species: Aosa rupestris (Hook.) Weigend and Mentzelia aspera L. A key for recognition of the species, as well as descriptions, illustrations, comments, distribution and habitat are presented.
Plantas e animais usados na cura e prevenção do “mau-olhado” segundo especialistas populares do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
Authors: Almeida Argus Vasconcelos de , Caminha Andrey Felipe
Published: April 2022

Together with popular specialists (herb sellers and traditional healers) from Recife were raised plants and animals are used in curing and preventing the “evil-eye”. The results were obtained through interviews with specialists in these markets and neighborhoods in the outskirts of the city. The results show ways to use not yet recorded in the literature of 30 plant species and 2 of animals, through the practice of prevention and treatment of “evil-eye”. It also undertook a review on its historical event which shows its universality, as well as a misogenous ideology, which gave women the power to convey the harm caused by “evil-eye” to all living beings.
A fauna de peixes nas bacias litorâneas da Costa do Descobrimento, extremo sul da Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Sarmento-Soares Luisa Maria , Mazzoni Rosana , Martins-Pinheiro Ronaldo Fernando
Published: April 2022

Hydrological richness of coastal river basins at Discovery Coast contrasts with the poorly known freshwater fish fauna. For recognition of local fish fauna, twenty nine localities were evaluated in rivers and rivulets. 35 species, including historical and recent records, belonging to 17 families in 8 orders were found. Most of the fish caught belong to the Ostariophysi, with 23 species captured, followed by the Perciformes (5 species), Anguilliformes and Cyprinodontiformes (2 species each), and also Gasterosteiformes and Synbranchiformes (1species each). The only exotic species recognized to the river basins was Oreochromis niloticus. Distributional evaluation of species on coastal river basins at Discovery Coast was provided through PAE methodology based on quadracts. The four irregular quadracts were drawn for the distinct ecorregions: Cumuruxatiba, Cahy, Corumbau and Caraíva. For evaluation of endemisms a matrix was built, through softwares Winclada and NONA, with the distributional information of 30 local freshwater fish species. Based on the analyzed data, a unique parcimonious tree was found, avoiding the use of a consensus cladogram. The area cladogram found contained 36 steps, consistency index (CI) 83 and retention index (RI) 62. The distributional data analysis of species defined the Caraíva river basin as a basal area relative to the remaining ecorregions, that together form a monophyletic clade. The areas of Cumuruxatiba and Cahy were considered as closely related, and the sister group to the Corumbau ecorregion. A high regional endemism was recognized for the study area. Endangered species, such as Mimagoniates sylvicola and Rachoviscus graciliceps were recorded for the basin, as well as species characteristic of vegetated environments, as Acentronichthys leptos and Aspidoras virgulatus.
Espécies de borboletas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea e Hesperioidea) da Coleção Entomológica Prof. Johann Becker do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Zacca Thamara
Published: April 2022

889 specimens of Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea were recorded with 182 species registered on the Entomology’s Collection Prof. Johann Becker of the Museum of Zoology of the Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.
Focal stack based image forgery localization
Authors: Huang Zhengyu , Fessler Jeffrey A. , Norris Theodore B.
Published: April 2022

Image security is becoming an increasingly important issue due to advances in deep learning based image manipulations, such as deep image inpainting and deepfakes. There has been considerable work to date on detecting such image manipulations using improved algorithms, with little attention paid to the possible role that hardware advances may have for improving security. We propose to use a focal stack camera as a novel secure imaging device, to the best of our knowledge, that facilitates localizing modified regions in manipulated images. We show that applying convolutional neural network detection methods to focal stack images achieves significantly better detection accuracy compared to single image based forgery detection. This work demonstrates that focal stack images could be used as a novel secure image file format and opens up a new direction for secure imaging.
Beyond photon pairs—nonlinear quantum photonics in the high-gain regime: a tutorial
Authors: Quesada N. , Helt L. G. , Menotti M. , Liscidini M. , Sipe J. E.
Published: April 2022

Integrated optical devices will play a central role in the future
development of nonlinear quantum photonics. Here we consider the
generation of nonclassical states of light within them with a focus on
Gaussian states beyond the low-gain, single photon pair regime
accurately described by perturbation theory. Starting from the solid
foundation provided by Maxwell’s equations, we then move to
applications by presenting a unified formulation that allows for a
comparison of stimulated and spontaneous experiments in ring
resonators and nanophotonic waveguides and leads directly to the
calculation of the quantum states of light generated in high-gain
nonlinear quantum photonic experiments.
Introduction to the ONDM 2021 special issue
Authors: Furdek Marija , Monti Paolo , Mas Machuca Carmen , Turkiewicz Jarosław , Larrabeiti David
Published: April 2022

This JOCN special issue contains extended versions of selected papers presented at the 25th International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM 2021), which took place virtually from 28 June through 1 July 2021. The topics covered by the papers represent clear trends in current optical networking research, including capacity upgrade through transmission parameter optimization in multiband systems, spectral efficiency improvement through probabilistic constellation shaping in Flex Grid/multicore fiber networks, novel point-to-multipoint optical architectures based on digital subcarrier multiplexing that enable a rethink of multilayer network design, and trustworthy inter-operator sharing of passive optical network capacity based on a smart contract.
A national survey integrating clinical, laboratory, and WASH data to determine the typology of trachoma in Nauru
Authors: Lynch Kathleen D. , Apadinuwe Sue Chen , Lambert Stephen B. , Hillgrove Tessa , Starr Mitchell , Catlett Beth , Ware Robert S. , Cama Anasaini , Webster Sara , Harding-Esch Emma M. , Bakhtiari Ana , Butcher Robert , Cunningham Philip , Martin Diana , Gwyn Sarah , Solomon Anthony W. , Garabwan Chandalene , Kaldor John M. , Vaz Nery Susana
Published: April 2022

Background

The epidemiology of trachoma in several Pacific Islands differs from other endemic settings, in that there is a high prevalence of clinical signs of trachoma, particularly trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF), but few cases of trichiasis and limited evidence of ocular chlamydial infection. This so-called “Pacific enigma” has led to uncertainty regarding the appropriate public health response. In 2019 alongside Nauru’s national trachoma population survey, we performed bacteriological and serological assessments of children to better understand the typology of trachoma and to determine whether there is a need for trachoma interventions.

Methods

We used two-stage cluster sampling, examining residents aged ≥1 year and collecting household-level water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) variables. Children aged 1–9 years provided conjunctival swabs and finger-prick dried blood spots to investigate the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis nucleic acid and anti-Pgp3 antibodies, respectively.

Principal Findings

In 818 participants aged 1–9 years, the age-adjusted TF prevalence was 21.8% (95% CI 15.2–26.2%); ocular C. trachomatis prevalence was 34.5% (95% CI 30.6–38.9), and anti-Pgp3 antibody prevalence was 32.1% (95% CI 28.4%–36.3%). The age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of trichiasis in ≥15-year-olds was 0.3% (95% CI 0.00–0.85), but no individual with trichiasis had trachomatous scarring (TS). Multivariable analysis showed an association between age and both TF (OR per year of age 1.3 [95% CI 1.2–1.4]) and anti-Pgp3 positivity (OR 1.2 [95% CI 1.2–1.3]). There were high rates of access to water and sanitation and no WASH variable was associated with the presence of TF.

Conclusions

TF, nucleic acid, and age-specific antibody prevalence collectively indicate that high levels of C. trachomatis transmission among children present a high risk of ocular damage due to trachoma. The absence of trichiasis with trachomatous scarring suggest a relatively recent increase in transmission intensity.
Development of a novel startle response task in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Maresh Kate , Papageorgiou Andriani , Ridout Deborah , Harrison Neil , Mandy William , Skuse David , Muntoni Francesco
Published: April 2022

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an X-linked childhood-onset muscular dystrophy caused by loss of the protein dystrophin, can be associated with neurodevelopmental, emotional and behavioural problems. A DMD mouse model also displays a neuropsychiatric phenotype, including increased startle responses to threat which normalise when dystrophin is restored in the brain. We hypothesised that startle responses may also be increased in humans with DMD, which would have potential translational therapeutic implications. To investigate this, we first designed a novel discrimination fear-conditioning task and tested it in six healthy volunteers, followed by male DMD (n = 11) and Control (n = 9) participants aged 7–12 years. The aims of this methodological task development study were to: i) confirm the task efficacy; ii) optimise data processing procedures; iii) determine the most appropriate outcome measures. In the task, two neutral visual stimuli were presented: one ‘safe’ cue presented alone; one ‘threat’ cue paired with a threat stimulus (aversive noise) to enable conditioning of physiological startle responses (skin conductance response, SCR, and heart rate). Outcomes were the unconditioned physiological startle responses to the initial threat, and retention of conditioned responses in the absence of the threat stimulus. We present the protocol development and optimisation of data processing methods based on empirical data. We found that the task was effective in producing significantly higher physiological startle SCR in reinforced ‘threat’ trials compared to ‘safe’ trials (P < .001). Different data extraction methods were compared and optimised, and the optimal sampling window was derived empirically. SCR amplitude was the most effective physiological outcome measure when compared to SCR area and change in heart rate, with the best profile on data processing, the least variance, successful conditioned response retention (P = .01) and reliability assessment in test-retest analysis (rho = .86). The definition of this novel outcome will allow us to study this response in a DMD population.
Low cost centrifugal melt spinning for distributed manufacturing of non-woven media
Authors: Molina Anton , Vyas Pranav , Khlystov Nikita , Kumar Shailabh , Kothari Anesta , Deriso Dave , Liu Zhiru , Banavar Samhita , Flaum Eliott , Prakash Manu
Published: April 2022

Centralized manufacturing and global supply chains have emerged as an efficient strategy for large-scale production of goods throughout the 20th century. However, while this system of production is highly efficient, it is not resilient. The COVID-19 pandemic has seen numerous supply chains fail to adapt to sudden changes in supply and demand, including those for goods critical to the pandemic response such as personal protective equipment. Here, we consider the production of the non-woven polypropylene filtration media used in face filtering respirators (FFRs). The FFR supply chain’s reliance on non-woven media sourced from large, centralized manufacturing facilities led to a supply chain failure. In this study, we present an alternative manufacturing strategy that allows us to move towards a more distributed manufacturing practice that is both scalable and robust. Specifically, we demonstrate that a fiber production technique known as centrifugal melt spinning can be implemented with modified, commercially-available cotton candy machines to produce nano- and microscale non-woven fibers. We evaluate several post processing strategies to transform the produced material into viable filtration media and then characterize these materials by measuring filtration efficiency and breathability, comparing them against equivalent materials used in commercially-available FFRs. Additionally, we demonstrate that waste plastic can be processed with this technique, enabling the development of distributed recycling strategies to address the growing plastic waste crisis. Since this method can be employed at small scales, it allows for the development of an adaptable and rapidly deployable distributed manufacturing network for non-woven materials that is financially accessible to more people than is currently possible.
Motivations to reciprocate cooperation and punish defection are calibrated by estimates of how easily others can switch partners
Authors: Arai Sakura , Tooby John , Cosmides Leda
Published: April 2022

Evolutionary models of dyadic cooperation demonstrate that selection favors different strategies for reciprocity depending on opportunities to choose alternative partners. We propose that selection has favored mechanisms that estimate the extent to which others can switch partners and calibrate motivations to reciprocate and punish accordingly. These estimates should reflect default assumptions about relational mobility: the probability that individuals in one’s social world will have the opportunity to form relationships with new partners. This prior probability can be updated by cues present in the immediate situation one is facing. The resulting estimate of a partner’s outside options should serve as input to motivational systems regulating reciprocity: Higher estimates should down-regulate the use of sanctions to prevent defection by a current partner, and up-regulate efforts to attract better cooperative partners by curating one’s own reputation and monitoring that of others. We tested this hypothesis using a Trust Game with Punishment (TGP), which provides continuous measures of reciprocity, defection, and punishment in response to defection. We measured each participant’s perception of relational mobility in their real-world social ecology and experimentally varied a cue to partner switching. Moreover, the study was conducted in the US (n = 519) and Japan (n = 520): societies that are high versus low in relational mobility. Across conditions and societies, higher perceptions of relational mobility were associated with increased reciprocity and decreased punishment: i.e., those who thought that others have many opportunities to find new partners reciprocated more and punished less. The situational cue to partner switching was detected, but relational mobility in one’s real social world regulated motivations to reciprocate and punish, even in the experimental setting. The current research provides evidence that motivational systems are designed to estimate varying degrees of partner choice in one’s social ecology and regulate reciprocal behaviors accordingly.
The remarkable genetic relationship between Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hemodialysis patients and their household contacts: Homes as an important source of colonization and dissemination
Authors: Montoya Urrego Daniela , Vanegas Johanna M. , Jiménez J. Natalia
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Staphylococcus aureus is a successful pathogen in hospital and community. Hemodialysis patients have high colonization rates. Interactions between them and their household contacts, are an opportunity to understand the S. aureus colonization between hospitals and community. This study aims to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of S. aureus colonization in hemodialysis patients and their household contacts, as well as the genetic relationship between their isolates.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on hemodialysis patients from hospital-associated dialysis center in Medellín-Colombia, and their household contacts between 2019 and 2020. Colonization was assessed in the nostrils for household contacts and nostrils and skin around the catheter insertion for hemodialysis patients. Epidemiological information was obtained, and colonization was evaluated in their pets’ oral cavities. Bacterial identification and susceptibility were assessed using phenotypic and molecular methods. Molecular typing included SCCmec typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), spa typing, and virulence factor detection.

Results

Colonization frequency was 35.6% (n = 16/45) in patients (87.5% MSSA– 12.5% MRSA) and 43.1% (n = 53/123) in household contacts (88.7% MSSA—11.3% MRSA). Of 45 homes, 77.8% presented colonized people. Colonization was detected in at least two household members in 46.7% of homes, of which 52.4% had a genetic relationship. Colonization was 16% (n = 4/25) in pets (75% MRSA—25% MSSA). The most frequent clonal complex was CC8 (15.6%), and the spa typing revealed high diversity.

Conclusion

This study shows a high frequency of colonization by S. aureus in both hemodialysis patients and their household contacts and a significant genetic relationship between their isolates. This demonstrates an exchange of this bacterium and that homes are an important source of colonization to patients, highlighting the need for prevention strategies outside the hospital to avoid future infections, and the importance of the populations with permanent transit between the two environments.
Heavy Metal Armour: A Visual Study of Battle Jackets
Authors: Cardwell Thomas
Published: April 2022

The first of its kind – original, unique and beautifully illustrated by the author. Engagingly written, it will appeal to fans and academics alike.

A lavishly illustrated study of the heavy metal battle jacket in a historical and cultural context, with a unique approach to analysis and interrogation of form and style through painting practice and theory.

Since the 1970s, customized denim 'battle jackets' have been worn by heavy metal fans to signify their devotion to the music and subcultures of metal. Embellished by the wearers with patches, badges and studs, these jackets are works of art that communicate the values of metal to the world at large. This book features a series of detailed paintings that visually document examples of jackets alongside photographic portraits of the fans that wear them.

The accompanying chapters describe the significance of battle jackets in metal scenes and trace a lineage of customized clothing starting in the Middle Ages. Connections are made with a wide range of historic and contemporary artworks, suggesting a broad context within which to more fully appreciate the significance of the jackets. The methodology spans a range of disciplines from art theory to ethnography and subcultural studies, and the discussion is informed by responses from a series of interviews conducted over the years with metal fans.

The book has a highly original focus and the author’s approach to the subject is unique. It reaches across a range of fields: the history and cultural context of heavy metal music, style and dress; art history and practice, particularly painting; subcultural studies; fashion and dress; music graphics, branding and marketing.

Tom Cardwell is an artist and researcher specialising in contemporary painting, customized clothing and heavy metal subcultures. He is senior lecturer in painting at Camberwell, University of the Arts London.

It will appeal to readers with an interest in metal subcultures; fashion, style and dress; music branding and identity; contemporary art theory and practice. The writing style and content is relaxed, engaging and will be of interest to a wider casual readership with an interest in popular culture and the arts.

A useful resource for academics and students interested in heavy metal, customized clothing/DIY subcultures, painting and visual arts. Could appeal to undergraduate as well as postgraduates and scholars in these fields, and a broader interest in visual culture.
Secretary, Steven Shainberg (dir.) (2002), USA: Slough Pond Company
Authors: McCall Janice E.
Published: April 2022

Review of: Secretary, Steven Shainberg (dir.) (2002), USA: Slough Pond Company
Effect of a single meloxicam administration on newborn Holstein–Friesian dystocia calves: Field results from the first 10 days of life
Authors: Kunz Fabian , Sendag Sait , Yildiz Mehmet , Failing Klaus , Wehrend Axel
Published: April 2022

Background and Aim: Calves have increased morbidity and mortality rates after dystocia. One cause is pain during birth, which reduces their colostrum intake. The administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may break this causality. This study aimed to determine the consequences of a single administration of the NSAID meloxicam to dystocia calves after birth.

Materials and Methods: Fifty Holstein–Friesian calves born with dystocia from four dairy cattle farms were included in this study. The animals were randomized into two groups. The animals in Group I (n=25, treatment group) received subcutaneous 0.5 mg meloxicam/kg body weight 2-8 h after birth. The animals in Group II (n=25, control group) received a control substance (Amynin®, bovine infusion solution, Merial) with the same volume. The newborn calves were clinically examined on the 1st and 10th days of life. The information regarding the days in between was gathered by questioning the farmer.

Results: There was a significant difference (p=0.04) only in calves with thin, mushy fecal consistency on the 10th day in the treatment group compared with the control group. Moreover, meloxicam had no effect on dystocia calves.

Conclusion: Since NSAID administration did not produce a significant clinical effect, its necessity is questionable. Further studies should examine how modifying its application time would have an effect. The primary indicators of well-being, such as pain indicators in the blood, were not measured; however, these should be considered in subsequent studies.
The first study on the effect of crocodile oil from Crocodylus siamensis on hepatic mitochondrial function for energy homeostasis in rats
Authors: Parunyakul Kongphop , Srisuksai Krittika , Santativongchai Pitchaya , Pongchairerk Urai , Ampawong Sumate , Tulayakul Phitsanu , Fungfuang Wirasak
Published: April 2022

Background and Aim: Consumption of fatty acids (FA) can alter hepatic energy metabolism and mitochondrial function in the liver. Crocodile oil (CO) is rich in mono-and polyunsaturated FAs, which have natural anti-inflammatory and healing properties. In rat livers, we investigated the effect of CO on mitochondrial function for energy homeostasis.

Materials and Methods: Twenty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups at random. Group 1 rats were given sterile water (RO), Group 2 rats were given CO (3% v/w), and Group 3 rats were given palm oil (PO) (3% v/w). For 7 weeks, rats were given sterile water, CO, and PO orally. The researchers looked at body weight, food intake, liver weight, energy intake, blood lipid profiles, and mitochondria-targeted metabolites in the liver. The liver's histopathology, mitochondrial architecture, and hydrolase domain containing 3 (HDHD3) protein expression in liver mitochondria were studied.

Results: Body weight, liver weight, liver index, dietary energy intake, and serum lipid profiles were all unaffected by CO treatment. The CO group consumed significantly less food than the RO group. The CO group also had significantly higher levels of oxaloacetate and malate than the PO group. CO treatment significantly ameliorated hepatic steatosis, as evidenced by a greater decrease in the total surface area of lipid particles than PO treatment. CO administration preserved mitochondrial morphology in the liver by upregulating the energetic maintenance protein HDHD3. Furthermore, chemical-protein interactions revealed that HDHD3 was linked to the energy homeostatic pathway.

Conclusion: CO may benefit liver function by preserving hepatic mitochondrial architecture and increasing energy metabolic activity.
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lokshina A. B. , Grishina D. A. , Obukhova A. V.
Published: April 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of cognitive impairment in adults. There are two main forms of AD: early-onset (onset before 65 years) and late-onset (onset after 65 years). Early-onset AD accounts for at least 5% of all disease cases. The risk of early-onset AD increases in the presence of a family burden and a history of traumatic brain injury. However, it is less associated with cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and obesity compared to late-onset AD. The article provides a review of current publications on the diagnostic and treatment problems in early forms of AD. Clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging differences between AD with early and late onset are presented.

On the example of a clinical observation of a patient with AD with an onset at the age of 38 years, stabilization of the cognitive defect for 6 months and a decrease in the severity of emotional and behavioral disorders after Akatinol Memantine administration are shown. The main problems of management of young patients with AD are considered.
Possibilities nootropic drugs in non-demented patients with vascular cognitive disorders
Authors: Dadasheva M. N. , Gorenkov R. V. , Kruglov V. A. , Dadasheva K. N. , Lebedeva D. I.
Published: April 2022

Objective: to study the clinical efficacy and tolerability of omberacetam in comparison with piracetam/cinnarizine and aminophenylbutyric acid in non-demented patients with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI).

Patients and methods. The study included 150 patients with VCI that does not meet dementia, randomized into three groups of 50 patients. In addition to the basis therapy, patients of the 1st group recieved omberacetam 10 mg 2 times per day, the 2nd group – piracetam/cinnarizine 400/25 mg (1 tablet) 3 times per day, the 3rd group – aminophenylbutyric acid 250 mg 3 times per day. The duration of the treatment course was 45 days. In 50 patients of the 1st group and another 50 patients with VCI from other groups, the duration of the nootropic effect of omberacetam was evaluated 3.5 months after the end of follow-up. Cognitive functions and emotional state of patients were assessed using: 1) Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); 2) Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A); 3) Subjective assessment of asthenia scale; 4) Modified subjective sleep characteristics scale. Evaluation of treatment effectiveness and tolerability was carried out.

Results and discussion. During omberacetam treatment a significant improvement in well-being and regression of patient complaints were observed. After 45 days of therapy an increase in the mean MoCA score from 19.8 to 23.3 points (p≥0.001) was observed in the omberacetam group. In other groups, an increase in the mean MoCA score was also noted, but it was less significant. A decrease in asthenic symptoms, anxiety, and dissomnic disorders was present in all studied groups. Anxiety level, assessed by the HAM-A, decreased by 16.9; 19.9 and 20.0 points (p≥0.001) in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Sleep characteristics, assessed by the subjective sleep characteristics scale, improved by 4.6; 5.0 and 5.3 points (p≥0.001), respectively. 4.5 months after the completion of the omberacetam treatment course, the mean MoCA score was 0.8 points higher compared to baseline (p=0.061).

Conclusion. The results showed high efficacy and safety of omberacetam in patients with VCI. A long-term positive effect of omberacetam was observed.
Assessment of the psychological state of children with dental anomalies
Authors: Razilova A. V. , Mamedov Ad. A. , Simonova A. V.
Published: April 2022

Currently, a significant proportion of children have dental anomalies (DA) and require orthodontic treatment. The effectiveness of treatment is reduced due to the age-related characteristics of the child's psyche, which lengthens the time and affects the quality of the appointment.

Objective: to assess the emotional state of children with DA aged 6–12 years.

Patients and methods. To study the characteristics of the psychological state of children, 122 patients aged 6–12 years (44 boys and 78 girls, mean age 9 [7; 11] years) were examined and orthodontically treated. Children's complaints, the presence of tics and obsessive habits were assessed. The psychological state of the patients was assessed using the G.P. Lavrentieva and T.M. Titarenko anxiety level in children questionnaire. Causes and factors that increase anxiety at the reception were assessed using a questionnaire developed by the authors.

Results and discussion. Aesthetic defect and speech disorders were the most frequent complaints among children aged 6–12 years with DA (58 and 23%, respectively), especially among older girls (r=0.72). 91.2% of children had obsessive habits, 48% had motor tics. Three groups were distinguished: with low (59.0%), medium (19.7%) and high (21.3%) levels of anxiety. No significant associations were found between the anxiety level and gender, age, presence of tics and obsessive habits. Factors that increased anxiety in children during an orthodontist's appointment were: past personal negative experience at a dental appointment (in 27.0%); office environment (23.8%); negative experience of parents or peers (16.4%); frequent visits to medical institutions in the past (21.3%); family relations (11.5%). The most common anxiety causes were pain expectation and inexplicable fear, a little less often - unpleasant manipulations in the oral cavity and comments from the parent. The rarest cause of anxiety was a disapproving remark from an orthodontist.

Conclusion. Children with DA aged 6–12 years have an increased anxiety level, independent of gender and age. These children require a special approach from the orthodontist and, possibly, a consultation with a psychotherapist.
Bilateral Giant Familial Carotid Body Tumors With Concomitant Skull-Base Paraganglioma and Facial Nerve Palsy
Authors: Emeruem Nwadinma U. , Muoghalu Christopher C. , Ezemba Ndubueze
Published: April 2022

Carotid body tumors, rare neck paragangliomas arising from the common carotid artery bifurcation, can be classified as sporadic, hyperplastic, or familial. The familial type is often bilateral and associated with germline mutation of the mitochondrial enzyme succinate dehydrogenase. We report the rare case of a 42-year-old man who presented with bilateral giant familial carotid body tumors associated with a concomitant skull-base paraganglioma, left-sided facial nerve palsy, and an incomplete circle of Willis. We describe the excision of the tumors in 2 stages (the left mass and associated paraganglioma first and the right mass second), 6 months apart, with use of general anesthesia, and we discuss other operative considerations.
Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Awareness among Academic Staff in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
Authors: Ramlan Najah , Abdul Kadir Zulida , Aziz Hani Suraya , Ismail Iza Nurhidayah , Zan Nurul Sabrina , Yusob Khairul Firhan , Jelani Ahmad Nazri
Published: April 2022

The present study was conducted to determine whether the academic staff in UTHM was aware of Problem-based Learning (PBL) as an instructional approach. It was significant to identify if the academic staff in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) had the knowledge about PBL. It was also crucial to know if the academic staff was aware of PBL as a method of teaching their courses in class as this could give the feedback to the university on the use of PBL among academic staff and measures to be taken to help improve their teaching experience. A workshop could also be designed if the academic staff in UTHM was interested to know more about PBL and how it could be used in their classroom. The objective of this study was to identify the awareness of PBL among academic staff in UTHM. This study was conducted via a quantitative method using a questionnaire adapted from the Awareness Questionnaire (AQ). 100 respondents were involved in this study. The findings indicated that the awareness of PBL among UTHM academic staff was moderate. In conclusion, the academic staff in UTHM has a moderate level of knowledge about PBL as a teaching methodology.