bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating reading and writing: supporting students' writing from source
Authors: Cooney Adeline , Darcy Eamon , Casey Denis
Published: August 2021

Writing from sources is an important academic skill but students find it a difficult skill to learn. The lesson study method was used to design and evaluate learning and teaching strategies aimed at improving students’ writing from sources skills. The team developed a seven-part lesson plan and associated learning activities and practice opportunities which was delivered over 12 hours. The lesson was delivered to first-year students (n = 150) taking a Critical Skills module. Students’ writing was analysed to identify how they approached integrating sources into their writing. Analyses of student texts suggest significant improvement in some skills, for example, finding, interpreting and synthesising content across sources. Other skills showed less marked improvement, for example, critiquing sources and creating new text. This paper shares the lesson and makes suggestions for future iterations of the lesson.
A Practice-based Study of Chinese Students’ Learning - Putting Things Together
Authors: Xu Jinqi
Published: August 2021

This paper investigates Chinese students’ learning experience in the business Faculty of an Australian university. Chinese students are often characterized as “rote learners” or stereotyped as “reduced Other”. Areas of concern are limited to addressing the differences in learning styles, language, and sociocultural barriers. However, learning occurs in many forms. There is an absence of discussion about what practices Chinese students use in order to learn. Based on practice-based theory, a longitudinal ethnographic study of the journeys of five students was traced and investigates what practices Chinese students use in the learning and how these students “put things together” in the journey. This paper reports on two of the five students from the larger study. In particular, this article brings attention to the students’ everyday life and insights into their doings, sayings, and relatings between people, other beings and material artefacts. Chinese students’ learning involves foreground entanglements, co-construction, and relationality of practices from both educational and sociocultural perspectives. This paper provides new insights about Chinese students’ learning and encourages academics and institutions to be aware of the impact of their practices and to deepen their understanding of the complexities of Chinese students’ learning.
Impacto macroeconómico de las movilizaciones y desplazamientos debido a la violencia
Authors: Molina Batlle Carlos Alfredo
Published: August 2021

El fenómeno de los desplazamientos internos ocasiona impactos tanto psicológicos como económicos. Estos impactos pueden afectar variables macroeconómicas, influyendo en el bajo crecimiento experimentado en los últimos años, sin menospreciar la cantidad de dinero que el gobierno o sector público gasta en los programas relacionados, desviando fondos que podrían ser utilizados para fortalecer la infraestructura, programas de educación, salud y robustecer la economía interna del país. El estudio consiste en cuantificar el impacto de las movilizaciones internas por violencia en las principales variables macroeconómicas en El Salvador. La investigación es de tipo exploratoria y explicativa. Se obtuvo información sobre el fenómeno en estudio para analizarlo y concluir sobre el mismo. Se utilizaron modelos matemáticos estadísticos, principalmente econométricos, para buscar impactos y relaciones entre las variables de estudio, siempre y cuando la información disponible así lo permitiera. Los resultados indican un importante impacto en el consumo, no así en la inversión y abandono escolar, derivados de la violencia. En el crecimiento, la población económicamente activa, la escolaridad promedio y la variable desplazados, no son estadísticamente significativos, indicando un nulo impacto en el Producto Interno Bruto. Los desplazados han impactado el desempleo y el consumo a nivel macroeconómico. Estos impactos deben de ser tomados con cautela al formular las conclusiones, debido a las limitantes existentes en la información y a los supuestos tomados para distribuir la cantidad de desplazados en el tiempo
The peculiarities of the functional state of endocrinal system in patients with different epilepsy types
Authors: Lekomtseva Yevgeniya
Published: August 2021

In the article the data about the content of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone were determined in patients with epilepsy in the period between seizures. These results show the changes of the functional state of hypophysis-gonad system in epileptics. It was shown that in women decreasing concentration of progesterone was noted and increasing of the level of estrogenes was noted too, at the background of the nomal content of testosterone. These data were expressed in the 2 phase of the menstrual cycle. In men with epilepsy in the period between attacks increasing of general testosterone was marked.
Female Education in Nigeria: A Key to Development in ESAN North East Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: T. O. Ebhomienlen, , V. O Aitufe
Published: August 2021

This essay portrays Female Education in Nigeria as a key to Development in Esan North East Local Government Area, Edo State. The need to break the barrier of sex discrimination at the crucial time that Nigeria needs all round development is more appealing. The female folks are supposed to be co – pilots of the wheel of progress. It is evident in Esan North East Local Government Area that the traditional view of women has not drastically changed. Most women are still into petty business, like trading, farming, menial fashion making, hair making and so on. The new wind of change that is blowing in some parts of Nigeria has not sufficiently reflected in the area of this study. This study therefore, aims at encouraging females themselves and their parents to change their past view on education and respond positively on female education campaign initiates. To achieve the objectives of this essay the researcher adopts the historical, analytical and phenomenological methodology. It discovers that the training of girls/ women will enhance the social, political and economic status of women themselves and the society at large and this will form the bedrock for holistic development.
Research on Mathematical Core Competency Cultivation Based on Polya Problem Solving Table
Authors: Yang Chao , Han Zhenlai , Sun Shurong
Published: August 2021

The core competency of mathematics has always been a hot issue in the education field. The ability to solve problems in mathematics is also an indispensable ability to learn mathematics problem solving. The Polya problem solving table has an important guiding role for mathematics problem solving. Simplify the Polya problem-solving form to make it more suitable for high school teaching. Through the Polya problem-solving table, the cultivation of mathematical core competency is integrated into the process of mathematical problem-solving for our mathematics teaching and promote the development of students' mathematical core competency.
PENINGKATAN MUTU WARUNG PECEL POWER RANGER DI TEGAL BESAR JEMBER
Authors: SUSANTO ANDI
Published: August 2021

TQM (Total Quality Manajemen) merupakan suatu pendekatan filosofi berbasis budaya dalam sistem manajerial pada organisasi yang mengutamakan kualitas dalam mencapai keberhasilan dengan cara memuaskan pelanggan.  TQM dalam dunia bisnis terbukti menuai peningkatan hasil yang signifikan,  termasuk usaha kecil dan menengah. Salah satu usaha yang mengaplikasikan TQM ini adalah Warung Pecel Power Ranger di Tegal Basar Jember. Warung tersebut berorientasi pada kepuasan pelanggan, dalam hal ini para pembeli, sehingga tetap eksis dan ramai dikunjungi konsumen di tengah perbagai pecinta kuliner di Jember. Warung tersebut menurut hemat penulis termasuk warung yang telah melakukan inovasi dan perubahan terus menerus dengan pendekatan TQM.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan implementasi TQM dan inovasi strategi pemasaran dalam usaha mikro yang berfokus pada kepuasan pelanggan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, yang berkenaan dengan fenomena di lokasi penelitian berdasarkan pengamatan dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa warung pecel tersebut telah menerapkan TQM sehingga tampak ramai pembelinya. Indikator TQM yang diterapkan terdiri dari a). fasilitas;  bersih, sederhana, nyaman. b). produk; rasa khas dan terjangkau. c).pelayanan; komunikasi   santun,   ramah, cepat dan tanggap. d). jaminan;  setiap pembeli yang memberikan masukan atau komplain terhadap layanan atau produk yang tidak sesuai akan diganti. bersikap empatik merupakan inovasi strategi layanan jasa yang berupa  perhatian dan kepedulian terhadap konsumen yang selalu dilakukan dengan ucapan salam dan ucapan terima kasih, menjawab salam, selalu tersenyum dan menyimak permintaan pelanggan
Pemikiran Dan Gerakan Islam Fundamentalis
Authors: Syaeful Bahar Moh , Ali Rofii
Published: August 2021

Fundamentalism is a religious ideology that emphasizes the existence of divinely revealed texts as they are. So that the term fundamentalist is equated with scripturalist because the religious rituals refer to the text rigidly. Etymologically the term fundamentalism in Islam has no equivalent, but in a historical perspective the movement is identical with the khawarij with its takfiri idiom. Indonesia is one of the countries where the ideology of fundamentalism has spread, infiltrating the domestic and public spaces of government and social organizations both personally and communally.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN PADA PERCETAKAN RUBY PRINTING
Authors: LUKKITA OCTA NILAM , AGUSTINA YENI
Published: August 2021

This study aims to investigate: (1) the effect of reliability on customers’ satisfaction, (2) the effect of responsiveness on customer satisfaction, (3) the effect of assurance on customer satisfaction, (4) the effect of empathy on customer satisfaction, (5) the effect of tangibles on customer satisfaction, and (60 the effects of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and tangible on customer satisfaction. This was a quantitative study. The research setting was Ruby Printing Bekasi, the research population comprised customers Ruby Printing. The research sample was selected using Lameshaw, resulting in 96,4 rounded to 100. The data collecting technique was a closed questionnaire with answer alternatives using the Likert Scale. The analysis technique was multiple linear regression analysis using F-test and t-test.
Computational Screening of Phytochemicals against Munc13-1, a Promising target to treat Alcoholism
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Hamza
Published: August 2021

In silico analysis and characterization has revolutionized target and drug discovery significantly. Alcohol abuse is a big threat to society, economy and wellbeing of people. It has increased the overall disease and injury burden, globally. Recently, a study revealed a brain protein, Munc13-1 C1 domain to play a significant role in development of alcohol tolerance, by binding to alcohol molecules, eventually leading to Alcohol Use Disorder. The aim of this study was to discover a phytochemical that would attach to our target protein, Munc13-1 C1 domain so that it cannot bind with the alcohol molecules. Munc13-1 3D structure obtained from PDB was docked against a library of compounds by MOE software. Ten phytochemicals based on their binding affinity with the target protein were shortlisted i.e. Tannic Acid, Anemone blue anthocyanin 1, Oolonghomobisflavan B, Diosmin, Oolonghomobisflavan A, Neodiosmin, Blepharocalyxin B, 8-Hydroxyhesperetin, Eupatorin and Monotesone A. However, only 8-Hydroxyhesperetin, Eupatorin and Monotesone A followed Lipinski rules. They were non-toxic and non-carcinogenic according to SwissADME. Moreover, have a good drug-like model score as analysed by Molsoft. Further, in-vivo and invitro examinations are required to inspect their role in reducing alcohol tolerance.
Drought responsiveness in two Mexican conifer species forming young stands at high elevations
Authors: Vivar-Vivar Eduardo , Pompa-Garcia Marin , Rodríguez-Trejo Dante-Arturo , Leyva-Ovalle Angel , Wehenkel Christian , Cariilo-Parra Artemio , Moreno-Anguiano Oswaldo
Published: August 2021

Aim of study: To determine the response of high-altitudinal forests to seasonal drought.Area of study: Monte Tláloc, Estado de México and Rancho Joyas del Durazno, Municipality of Río Verde, San Luis Potosí, México.Materials and methods: In this study, we evaluate the response to drought and hydroclimate in two young Mexican conifers sampled at high elevation, correlating records of tree-ring growth and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI).Main results: The results show that Pinus teocote and Abies religiosa are vulnerable to the precipitation regime and warm conditions of winter-spring. The physiological response mechanisms seem to be differentiated between the species, according to the effects of drought stress. The NDVI demonstrated the different temporal responses of the species according to their inherent physiological mechanisms in response to hydroclimatic limitations. This differentiation can be attributed to the spatial variation present in the particular physical and geographic conditions of each area. The dry and warm seasonal climates reveal P. teocote and A. religiosa to be species that are vulnerable to drought conditions. However, further evaluation of the resistance and resilience of these species is necessary, as well as disentanglement of the effects of associated mechanisms that can influence the predicted processes of extinction or migration.Research highlights: Pinus teocote and Abies religiosa are vulnerable to the seasonal drought conditions. These results are of particular importance given the climatic scenarios predicted for elevated ecotones. Tree-ring widths and NDVI improved the response of radial growth to the climate, enhancing our understanding of forest growth dynamics. The response to climatic variability depends on the particular species.Keywords: High elevation; tree-ring; ENSO; NDVI; climate-growth relationship. Abbreviations used: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); Tree-Ring Width (TRw); precipitation (PP); maximum temperature (Tmax); minimum temperature (Tmin); El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO); Climatic Research Unit Time-series data version 4.04 data (CRU TS v. 4.04); Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI); Climatic Research Unit Time-series data version 4.03 data (CRU TS v. 4.03); first-order autocorrelation (AC); mean sensitivity (MS); mean correlation between trees (Rbt); expressed population signal (EPS); Ring Width Index (RWI).
Optimizing the management of patients with small renal masses in a Canadian context: A Markov decision-analysis model
Authors: McAlpine Kristen , Sud Maneesh , Finelli Antonio , Kulkarni Girish S.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The management of patients with a small renal mass (SRM) varies significantly. The objective of this study was to determine which initial management strategy resulted in the greatest quality-adjusted life months (QALM) for an index patient with a SRM.

Methods: A Markov decision analysis was used to determine the effect of 1) treating patients with a partial nephrectomy (PN); 2) active surveillance; and 3) renal mass biopsy on QALM over a 10-year horizon. All relevant health states were modelled. Biopsy sensitivity and specificity were modelled assuming an 80% prevalence of cancer using procedural pathology as the gold standard. Health state utilities were obtained from the Tufts Medical Centre Cost-Effective Analysis Registry. Deterministic sensitivity analyses were used to test key assumptions.

Results: Over a 10-year time horizon for a 70-year-old male with a 2 cm SRM, the biopsy strategy resulted in 38.07 QALM, whereas treating all patients with PN resulted in 37.69 QALM and active surveillance in 36.25 QALM. The model was most sensitive to the probability that a patient would remain alive at baseline. Biopsy was the preferred strategy when sensitivity was greater than 77%. As the underlying probability of cancer increased, the threshold of renal mass biopsy sensitivity to still favor biopsy increased.

Conclusions: Renal mass biopsy is the preferred initial management strategy for an index patient with a SRM to optimize QALM. When the probability of cancer is high, centers should aim for a sensitivity of at least 77% in order to consider a biopsy first strategy.
An Online Teaching Design of Oral English against COVID-19: An “Ideological-and-Political-Theories-Education-in-All-Courses” Perspective
Authors: Pan Jiejing
Published: August 2021

Under the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the philosophy of “Ideological and Political Theories Education in all Courses (IPTEC)” by China’s Ministry of Education, college curriculum reform has become a pressing issue in both form and content. Oral English course is characterized with flexible organization and a wide selection of teaching materials, thus closely related to the shaping of college students’ values. An online teaching mode of oral English featuring “DingTalk + WeChat Group + FiF” is proposed after a mining of “ideological and political elements”, with the sophomore oral English course of School of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine as a case. The highlights of this mode are as follows. First, all links of the teaching design are permeated with ideological and political elements, which realizes the blending of explicit and implicit educations. Second, it supports teacher-to-student and student-to-student voice interactions in a multi-party manner at any time. Third, a complex is created where one online classroom is systematically nested in another among the various platforms. Fourth, group and single games enrich the organization of the classroom. Fifth, it provides private and convenient classroom and homework management.
Aansprakelijkheid van accountants jegens derden
Authors: van Amsterdam L.A.
Published: August 2021

Aansprakelijkheid van accountants jegens derden. Beroepsaansprakelijkheid bij de uitoefening van wettelijke en niet-wettelijke taken nader bezien in het licht van het Jachthavencomplex-arrest

In het Vie d’Or-arrest is bepaald dat accountants bij de uitoefening van wettelijke taken een zorgplicht jegens derden hebben. Tot voor kort was onduidelijk welk toetsingskader geldt bij niet-wettelijke taken. Aan de hand van het recente ‘Jachthavencomplex-arrest’ wordt nader ingegaan op accountantsaansprakelijkheid bij dergelijke werkzaamheden.
De verwachte richtlijn duurzame corporate governance: verantwoord ondernemen moet hoog op de bestuursagenda
Authors: Hamster J.E.S.
Published: August 2021

De verwachte richtlijn duurzame corporate governance: verantwoord ondernemen moet hoog op de bestuursagenda

De auteur bespreekt de verwachte conceptrichtlijn duurzame corporate governance. Daarbij wordt uitgebreid ingegaan op het beginsel van human rights due diligence, dat de kern zal vormen van de conceptrichtlijn. Deze ontwikkeling zal verstrekkende gevolgen hebben voor ondernemingen, en zij zullen dit onderwerp hoog op de agenda moeten zetten.
Heurística para o problema de construção de Árvore de Caminhos Mais Curtos Robusta para a Internet das Coisas
Authors: Carvalho Iago , Gomes Marcelo , Noronha Thiago , Duhamel Christophe , Vieira Luiz
Published: August 2021

Para que a Internet das Coisas (IdC) torne-se uma realidade, muitos desafios ainda necessitam ser superados. Protocolos eficientes necessariamente precisam ser resilientes a variações na qualidade da transmissão, devido a constantes mudanças nos enlaces da rede, uma característica da IdC. O mais promissor destes protocolos é o IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL). Neste trabalho nós estendemos o protocolo RPL de forma a considerar a incerteza na qualidade dos enlaces. O problema de roteamento do protocolo RPL é modelado como um problema de otimização robusta derivado do Problema da Árvore de Caminhos Mais Curtos, denominado Árvore de Caminhos Mais Curtos Robusta (ACMC-R), na qual cada arco é definido em um intervalo de valores factíveis ao invés de um único valor. Então, nós propomos uma heurística que pode ser implementada como uma extensão do protocolo RPL, obtendo uma árvore de comunicações até 13% mais eficiente.
Parallel Storage Devices Profiling with SeRRa
Authors: Machado Vinicius , Boito Francieli , Kassick Rodrigo , Bez Jean Luca , Navaux Philippe , Denneulin Yves
Published: August 2021

This work presents the parallel storage device profiling tool SeRRa. Our tool obtains the sequential to random throughput ratio for reads and writes of different sizes on storage devices. In order to provide this information efficiently, SeRRa employs benchmarks to obtain the values for only a subset of the parameter space and estimates the remaining values through linear models. The MPI parallelization of SeRRa presented in this paper allows for faster profiling. Our results show that our parallel SeRRa provides profiles up to 8:7 times faster than the sequential implementation, up to 895 times faster than the originally required time (without SeRRa).
Avaliação de Desempenho da Técnica de Offloading Computacional em Nuvens Móveis
Authors: Junior Warley , Henrique Adriano , Lopes Kelvin
Published: August 2021

Apesar dos avanços de hardware nos dispositivos móveis, é sabido que estes ainda são limitados em termos de processamento, armazenamento e energia quando comparados aos desktops e servidores. O paradigma de Computação em Nuvem Móvel (MCC – Mobile Cloud Computing) permite estender os recursos computacionais e energéticos de dispositivos móveis através da utilização das técnicas de offloading. Porém, o offloading nem sempre trás ganhos de energia, uma vez que isso pode depender da tecnologia de acesso sem fio empregada. Este artigo apresenta uma avaliação de desempenho da técnica de offloading computacional em um ambiente de nuvem móvel. O estudo destaca o impacto na utilização da MCC via redes Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) e 4G LTE (Long Term Evolution) na autonomia da bateria e no tempo de ocupação do processador do dispositivo móvel, ao utilizar offloading computacional.
Verslo duomenų analitika: žaidimas „Kietas riešutas“
Authors: Bagdonas Eugenijus , Bajorūnienė Irena Stanislava , Kunigėlienė Dalia , Patašienė Irena , Patašius Martynas , Skvernys Vytautas , Vaičiukynas Evaldas
Published: August 2021

Egzistuoja daugybė mokymosi procesą palengvintančių priemonių: muzika, tam tikros programėlės telefone, programos kompiuteriuose ir kt. Tačiau kai kalba pasisuka apie verslą, ar duomenų analitiką ir ekonominius procesus, sugalvoti įdomų ir naudingą mokymosi metodą nėra taip lengva. Remdamiesi prancūzų mokslininkų patirtimi, kaip verslo duomenų analitikos procesą paversti įtraukiančiu ir skatinančiu konkurencingumą, knygos autoriai kviečia išbandyti jų sukurtą žaidimą „Kietas riešutas“, kuris padės pajusti tikro verslininko patirtį ir išmokti tiek vadovauti, tiek dirbti komandoje. Knygoje pristatyta nauja ketvirtoji verslo žaidimo „Kietas riešutas“ versija. Šioje versijoje imituojama įmonių veikla priartina prie realios įmonės veiklos, o pateiktos finansinių metų ataskaitos atitinka pagrindinius LR apskaitos standartų reikalavimus. Kaina, produktų paklausa ir kiti duomenys knygoje atspindi LR ūkio realijas. Žaidimas „Kietas riešutas“ glaudžiai siejasi su šiomis dienomis vyraujančia ekonomika ir koja kojon eina kartu su technologijų raida. Kadangi šis žaidimas yra studijų programos dalykas, tai kartu su savimi jis atsineša žinių kompleksą, kurį studentai įsisavina žaisdami ir taip įtvirtina sukauptas žinias.
Fretting Wear of Rubber Sealing Ring Caused by Fluid Pressure Fluctuation
Authors: Hu Yang , HAN Chuanjun , ZHANG Jie , LUO Zixuan
Published: August 2021

In the process of gas charging and discharging of gas cylinder, the fluid pressure fluctuates causing fretting wear of rubber sealing ring, which affects the sealing performance. The model of O-ring that installed at the mouth of the gas cylinder was established to study the fretting wear in the static seal. Effects of fluid pressure, compression ratio, friction coefficient and temperature on the fretting wear of the O-ring were considered. The results show that the fretting wear of O-ring can be divided into non-contact region, slip region and sticky region. In the static seal, the compression ratio and friction coefficient are the main factors affecting the fretting wear. The sealing performance is greatly influenced on the compression ratio and it is less affected by the temperature. The junction of slip region and sticky region has the greatest probability of seal failure.
„… wenn Gewinn aus Sozialkassen winkt“ – Die EuGH-Rechtsprechung zu Leistungsausschlüssen in der Grundsicherung und ihre Rezeption
Authors: Schweigler Daniela
Published: August 2021

Die Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofs zum Sozialrecht ist oft unspektakulär - „business as usual“. Auch Entscheidungen mit Auswirkungen für eine Vielzahl von Menschen werden über den - überschaubaren - Kreis der mit europäischem Sozialrecht Befassten hinaus wenig rezipiert. Manchen Entscheidungen allerdings ergeht es genau gegenteilig: Zu ihnen hat fast jede*r eine Meinung. So ist es bei den vier hier behandelten Urteilen des Gerichtshofs aus den Jahren 2014 bis 2020, die sowohl für die sozialrechtliche Praxis als auch für die Konzeption der Unionsbürgerschaft enorme Bedeutung entfaltet haben und noch entfalten, wie ihre umfangreiche Rezeption in Rechtswissenschaft und Sozialrechtspraxis, aber auch darüber hinaus, eindrucksvoll belegt. Dabei gehört es zu den Eigentümlichkeiten der behandelten Materie, dass die Diskursbeiträge nahezu unentrinnbar in einer sozial-, migrations- und europapolitischen Matrix positioniert sind, ob die Verfasser*innen es wollen oder nicht. So wird es auch diesem Beitrag ergehen. Ebenso gehört es zu den Diskursritualen in der - vor allem deutschen - Rechtswissenschaft, diese Position möglichst nicht explizit zu machen, sondern einen objektiven und formalen Standpunkt zu beanspruchen und vor allem dogmatisch zu argumentieren. Wir werden darauf zurückkommen.
Punitive Administrative Sanctions After the Treaty of Lisbon: Does Administrative Really Mean Administrative?
Authors: Kärner Markus
Published: August 2021

This article analyses the dichotomy between administrative and criminal sanctions in European Union law and aims to establish which limits do the policy goals of the European Union set for the national transposition of administrative sanctions as opposed to criminal sanctions. The article discusses the difficulties in differentiating between administrative and criminal sanctions and gives an overview of the evolution of the European Union sanctioning system from the early competence disputes to the rationale behind the post-Lisbon parallel harmonisation of criminal and administrative sanctions. The final part of the article uses these findings along with the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice to ascertain the key requirements for transposing European Union administrative sanctions into national law, namely whether the policy goals of the European Union require the formal non-criminal classification of the sanction as a way of negative harmonisation of criminal law.
Universal Jurisdiction and International Crimes in German Courts – Recent Steps Towards Exercising the Principle of Complementarity after the Entry into Force of the Rome Statute
Authors: Safferling Christoph , Petrossian* Gurgen
Published: August 2021

This article deals with recent developments in Germany in relation to international criminal cases. It describes how the German courts interpreted and applied the law on the cases and on the international crimes committed outside of Germany. In addition, it raises the alternative criminal prosecution of the persons who were involved in the international criminal activities abroad. Since 2015 the workload of German judiciary because of the active prosecution of international crimes was dramatically increased. Cases of international crimes are now part of everyday life for public prosecutors and courts in Germany. The number of cases has also led to the establishment of a modern jurisprudence on international criminal law. These developments are also of great interest outside of Germany, but remain largely unknown.
The pulmonary annular motion velocity assessed using tissue Doppler imaging could predict the proximal right coronary artery occlusion in patients with inferior myocardial infarction
Authors: ACAR Emrah , OZGUL Neryan , DONMEZ Ibrahim , YALCİN Osman Yasin , ALAN Sait
Published: August 2021

Objective: The right ventricle myocardial infarction (RVMI) is one of the leading reasons for right ventricle(RV) dysfunction. RVMI occurs in 20-50% of inferior infarctions. Echocardiography was applied to study RV involvement and proximal right coronary artery (RCA) occlusion in individuals with acute inferior MI. The objective of this study was to investigate if pulmonary annulus motion velocity (PAMVUT) levels in individuals with acute inferior myocardial infarction were linked to proximal RCA lesions.

Method: The study comprised 50 people who had been diagnosed with acute inferior myocardial infarction and had culprit lesions in the right coronary artery. The RCA occlusion in Group A was proximal to the right ventricular branch, while the RCA occlusion in Group B was distant to the RV branch. The PAMVUT was tested, as well as other echocardiographic parameters.

Results: In terms of metrics indicating right ventricular function, there were substantial disparities between the groups. A favorable association was established in the univariate correlation analysis between PAMVUT and RV TAPSE, with FAC, and with St.PAMVUT was identified as an independent predictor of proximal RCA occlusion in a multivariate logistic regression test. In the ROC analysis, PAMVUT
Auta, emise a klima: právní nástroje environmentální regulace
Authors: Vodička Jiří
Published: August 2021

The publication focuses on a topic that cannot be described as a traditional legal topic in the Czech Republic. Nevertheless, in times of climate change and the general need to shift to zero-emission transportation and sustainable development, this topic is very much needed. The publication provides a general framework of type approval legislation of new vehicles of the EU and national legal system, emphasizing test cycles such as WLTP and RDE. The monograph analyses Euro emission norms which define thresholds for polluting substances from exhaust fumes, and at the same time analyses union legal regulation of CO2 emissions from new vehicles. To fully develop zero-emission transportation, it is necessary to have sufficient corresponding infrastructure (e.g., charging stations). This publication focuses on legislation concerning alternative infrastructure and selected alternative fuels. It also analyses specific legal instruments (direct and indirect), which could be used as tools for developing zero-emission transportation and improving air quality, especially in urban areas. State aid and other financial incentives that can promote zero emission transport development are analysed within indirect legal instruments. Direct legal instruments such as air quality plans, action plans, and low emission zones (which are also compared to their German counterparts) are also analysed. These instruments are analysed with respect to their role in the development of alternative infrastructure and alternative vehicles .
New records of Vertigo moulinsiana (Gastropoda: Vertiginidae) and notes on its distribution and habitats in the Czech Republic
Authors: Beran Luboš
Published: August 2021

Vertigo moulinsiana (Dupuy, 1849) was found in 2003–2005 in Northern Bohemia (Czech Republic) at 11 sites. All these sites are situated on floodplains of smaller streams in a sandstone area. The known occurrence of this endangered relict in the Czech Republic is concentrated in three areas – a large area of Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, a floodplain near villages Břežany and Božice (Dyje River Basin) in Southern Moravia and small, isolated, treeless fens in the White Carpathians (Bílé Karpaty Mts.). The principal habitats where V. moulinsiana lives in the Czech Republic are sedge marshes, Typha swamps, reed swamps (with Carex spp.), alder carrs (also with Carex spp.) and tufa-forming spring fens.
Arion alpinus Pollonera, 1887 in the Czech Republic (Gastropoda: Arionidae)
Authors: Dvořák Libor , Backeljau Thierry , Reischütz Peter L. , Horsák Michal , Breugelmans Karin , Jordaens Kurt
Published: August 2021

The first records of the pulmonate land snail Arion alpinus in the Czech Republic are presented and the European distribution and ecology of this species are discussed. A. alpinus occurs in forest ecosystems in the southern part of the Czech Republic at the margin of its continuous distribution range. Both externally and anatomically the Czech Republican specimens strongly resemble A. alpinus from neighbouring countries. Identification was confirmed by DNA analysis.
Bacon’s Novum organum
Authors: Cassan Elodie ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2021

Dan Garber’s paper provides materials permitting to reply to an objection frequently made to the idea that the Novum Organum is a book of logic, as the allusion to Aristotle’s Organon included in the very title of this book shows it is. How can Bacon actually build a logic, considering his repeated claims that he desires to base natural philosophy directly on observation and experiment? Garber shows that in the Novum Organum access to experience is always mediated by particular questions and settings. If there is no direct access to observation and experience, then there is no point in equating Bacon’s focus on experience in the Novum Organum with a rejection of discursive issues. On the contrary, these are two sides of the same coin. Bacon’s articulation of rules for the building of scientific reasoning in connection with the way the world is, illustrates his massive concern with the relation between reality, thinking and language. This concern is essential in the field of logic as it is constructed in the Early Modern period.
Method and Control
Authors: Lynch William ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2021

It has been widely noted that rules for scientific method fail to produce results consistent with those rules. Daniel Garber goes further by showing not only that there is a gap between Francis Bacon’s methodological rules, outlined in the Novum organum, and his natural philosophical conclusions, but that his conception of natural forms informs the method in the first place. What needs further examination is why Bacon’s application of his method manifestly violates his rules. Garber appeals to the spirit of Bacon’s method, rather its letter, which allows him to reconcile an appreciation of Bacon’s impact on modern science with a contextualist approach to the history of philosophy. A better approach looks at the larger significance of mythological accounts of scientific method, that understand seventeenthcentury methodological doctrines as ideologies naturalizing scientific culture and outlining news ambitions for the control of nature. By examining Bacon’s followers in the Royal Society, we can see how Bacon’s “temporary” use of hypotheses helped secure support with the promise of future utility. The history of philosophy of science should focus on the conditions leading to emergence of certain kinds of distinctively modern discourses, practices, and ambitions going beyond the internal history of science.
The Prophetic Bacon
Authors: Fuller Steve ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2021

This paper is both a reflection on Francis Bacon’s social epistemology and a meta-reflection on how we should be think about historical figures such as Bacon, who are of continuing philosophical, scientific and even political relevance. The impetus for this paper is provided by Daniel Garber’s ‘Bacon’s Metaphysical Method’, which depicts Bacon as making various moves in the scholastic debates of his time. In contrast, I draw two sorts of conclusions: (1) At the historiographical level, I argue against the sort of ‘contextualism’ that artificially constrains the ‘transcendental’ horizons of a thinker such as Bacon, who was clearly addressing not simply his immediate contemporaries but perhaps more importantly, some future readers whose identities he cannot know. What is sometimes called the ‘conversation of mankind’ has just this rather odd communicative character. (2) At the more substantive philosophical level, it is clear that Bacon does not have a conception of knowledge as a kind of (justified) belief at all. On the contrary, knowledge is the product of a process that is largely conducted by humans on humans, very much in the spirit of a judicial inquisition. In this context, humans – no less than the technologies normally found in laboratories – are instruments of knowledge production. Here Bacon presages the c19-c20 ideas of media as the ‘extension of the senses’ and Karl Popper’s World 3.
On Metaphysics and Method, Or How to Read Francis Bacon’s Novum organum
Authors: Jalobeanu Dana ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this paper is to offer a preliminary survey of one of the most widely discussed problems in Bacon’s studies: the problem of the interplay between the speculative (i.e., metaphysical) and operative (i.e., methodological) layers of Bacon’s works. I propose to classify the various answers in three categories. In the first category I place attempts claiming that Bacon’s inquiries display his appetitive metaphysics. In the second category are those seeing Bacon’s more “scientific” works as disclosing some of the inner metaphysical layers and presuppositions. The third category see Bacon’s experimental inquiries as attempts to “fix” metaphysics, by redefining concepts of metaphysical origins. In discussing these three categories of interpretative stances I show that we can gain further insights if we take into account recent and less recent trends in philosophy of science, and especially if we think in terms of background theory and bottom-up strategies of concept formation. I offer examples of such procedures in Bacon’s natural and experimental histories and show what we can gain if we apply the same interpretative strategy of focusing on concept-formation to the reading of the Novum organum.
On William Rowe’s Evidential Arguments from Evil
Authors: Cheung Leo K. C. ,   Evangelical Philosophical Society
Published: August 2021

William Rowe has put forward four popular evidential arguments from evil. I argue that there was already a prominent distinction between logical and evidential arguments from evil—the IN-IM-distinction, and that its adoption leads to two important results. First, all three non-Bayesian evidential arguments are actually not evidential but logical, while the Bayesian evidential argument genuinely evidential. Second, and most importantly, Rowe’s Bayesian evidential argument is redundant, in the sense that it has the same difficulties his three non-Bayesian arguments have. His move from the three earlier non-Bayesian arguments to the Bayesian argument is futile.
Or Abstractum
Authors: Cowan Steven B. ,   Evangelical Philosophical Society
Published: August 2021

George Berkeley is famous for the metaphysical principle esse is percipi or percipere (“to be is to be perceived or to be a perceiver”). Many Berkeleyan idealists take this principle to be incompatible with Platonic realism about abstract objects, and thus opt either for nominalism or divine conceptualism on which they are construed as divine ideas. In this paper, I argue that Berkeleyan idealism is consistent with a Platonic realism in which abstracta exist outside the divine mind. This allows the Berkeleyan to expand Berkeley’s principle to read: esse is percipi or percipere or abstractum.
The Epistemic Advantage of Lost Autographic Tokens of the Bible
Authors: Moreland J. P. ,   Evangelical Philosophical Society
Published: August 2021

I address an epistemic and related ontological dificulty with the doctrine of biblical inerrancy. The ontological problem: If biblical inerrancy applies to the original autographs, why would God allow these to disappear from the scene? The epistemological problem: Given that the original autographs are gone, we lack a way to know exactly what the original writings were. The first problem is solved by distinguishing text types and tokens, and claiming that semantic meaning and inerrancy are underivative features types. The second is resolved by claiming that in the actual world, we are epistemically better off with the original tokens gone.
On Systematic Philosophical Theology
Authors: Craig William Lane ,   Evangelical Philosophical Society
Published: August 2021

The disciplines of systematic theology, dogmatic theology, fundamental theology, philosophical theology, and philosophy of religion are characterized and their relations to one another are discussed.
Response to My Interlocutors
Authors: Crisp Oliver D. ,   Evangelical Philosophical Society
Published: August 2021

In this essay I respond to my interlocutors in the symposium on my monograph, Analyzing Doctrine. Addressing each of them in the order in which their essays are printed, I consider and reply to comments by William Lane Craig, Steven Nemes, N. Gray Sutanto, Jordan Wessling and Joanna Leidenhag.
Ordovician conodont biofacies of the upper La Silla and San Juan formations (middle Tremadocian-lower Dapingian) at Cerro La Silla, Argentine Precordillera
Authors: MANGO Matías J. , Guillermo L. ALBANESI undefined
Published: August 2021

Conodonts from the upper La Silla (9.6 m thick) and San Juan formations (264.7 m thick) at the Cerro La Silla section are analyzed for the identification of faunal dynamics, biofacies and sea-level changes. The conodont collection of 11 388 specimens was recovered after digestion of 41 samples of carbonate rocks, totalizing 88.155 kg. Conodont total abundance and generic diversity graphs, as well as cluster analysis, reveal seven biofacies. The Colaptoconus, Tropodus-Reutterodus, Oepikodus-Prioniodus, Juanognathus-Bergstroemognathus, Juanognathus-Oepikodus-Protopanderodus, Juanognathus-Protopanderodus, Juanognathus-Semiacontiodus biofacies are determined. These biofacies represent middle to outer carbonate ramp environments for the San Juan Formation. The associated analysis of biofacies and lithology allow for the recognition of two transgressive events in the San Juan Formation at the Cerro La Silla section, which could be related to transgressive systems tracts (TST) that occurred during the Early and Middle Ordovician (middle Tremadocian-early Dapingian).
Effects of a Group E-Therapy Program on Improving Social Skills of Children with ASD
Authors: ElAdl Adel M. , Saad Mourad Ali Eissa
Published: August 2021

The purpose was to investigate the effectiveness of a group E-therapy program on improving children's social skills with ASD. Participants were (16) children between the ages of Six and eleventh. A pre-post design was used to examine the effectiveness of group therapy on developing social skills in children with Autism. Stone's social skills Scale was administered to assess children's social skills with autism spectrum disorder as a pre-post-test. The group therapy strategies were performed on the experimental group by their actual teacher during an exact 8-week lesson period with 50-minute sessions three times per week. The Z-value results for the differences in the mean post-test scores between the experimental and control groups in social skills. The table shows that the value of (Z) ranged between (2.809 - 3.354). These values are significant at (0.01) level in favor of the experimental group. The value of (Z) in Table 2 ranged between (2.617 - 2.711), which are significant values at the level (0.01). This indicates that group therapy had a positive effect on social skills in children with ASD.
Differential regulation of antioxidant enzymes in Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) exposed to thermal stress
Authors: Yuan Jia-Wen , Zheng Yutao , Chang Ya-Wen , Bai Jing , Qin Jing , Du Yu-Zhou
Published: August 2021

Frankliniella occidentalis is an invasive insect pest that incites damage to ornamental and agronomic crops on a global scale. In this study, the effects of temperature on gene expression and enzyme activity were studied for superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in F. occidentalis. SOD, POD and GST enzyme activity increased significantly at 35–37 °C but declined as the temperature increased to 41 °C. In a time course study at 35 °C, SOD, POD and GST activities were significantly elevated at 0.5, 1 and 2 h in comparison to the control at 26 °C. Expression patterns were evaluated for the three antioxidant genes under high and low temperature stress. In a time course study at –4 °C, SOD, POD and GST expression peaked at 1 h and declined at 2 h of exposure. In contrast, when transcription was monitored at 35 °C, expression was lowest at 1 h and increased at 2 h. The results provide data that will be useful in deciphering the role of antioxidant enzymes in the adaptation of F. occidentalis to climate change.
The Exchange Rate Analysis of Fish Cultivators in Bandung District, Indonesia
Authors: Gumilar Iwang , Nurhayati Erna , Iskandar . , Nurhayati Atikah
Published: August 2021

Bandung Regency is one of the fisheries centers in West Java Province, some residents make freshwater fish farming their main and side livelihood, to see the welfare of fish cultivators in Bandung Regency, namely using the Fish Cultivator Exchange Rate (NTPI). This study aims to analyze the NTPI of Bandung Regency and analyze the factors that can affect the NTPI. The research method used is descriptive observation and interviews. The results showed that most of the fish cultivators in Bandung Regency were in a prosperous condition because they obtained NTPI > 100. The results of multiple linear regression show that age, education, work experience, number of dependents, income and expenses affect the NTPI of Bandung Regency. Partially the factors that have a significant effect are income and expenses. Variables that do not significantly affect are age, education, work experience, number of dependents and land area. Based on the results of the NTPI, as many as 79% of respondents are prosperous and 11% are in the less prosperous level.