bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pauvre Benoît Labre... Les enfers d'un saint sous la Révolution Française
Authors: Vovelle Michel
Published: October 2015

On se propose dans cette note de donner un écho, apparemment inattendu, mais sans doute significatif, de la fortune posthume de Benoît Labre, guère plus de 15 ans après sa mort, puisqu'il s'agit d'une pièce de vers, sous le titre « Mon conclave » rédigée parle prêtre révolutionnaire Théodore Desorgues, par ailleurs connu comme l'auteur de l'hymne à l'Etre Suprême, à l'occasion de la mort de Pie VI. Dans cette pièce burlesque, fortement anticléricale, Benoît Labre participe aux enfers aux discussions des damnés célèbres chargés d'élire le successeur du Saint-Père. Il en résulte un témoignage étrange, à la fois sur la perpétuation, à la fin de la Révolution, d'une veine déchristianisatrice haute en couleur, et sur la renommée de Benoît Labre, le saint pouilleux et « populaire » dans les milieux les plus anticléricaux.
The Ties That Bind: Exploring the Relevance of Neotribal Theory to Tourism
Authors: Hardy Anne , Robards Brady
Published: October 2015

In tourism studies/tourism management, traditional approaches to the segmentation of tourists have tended to focus upon the tangible aspects of why people travel, such as visitors' motivations, demographic characteristics, and values and behavior exhibited at specific destinations.
This review article from Hardy and Robards takes a critical approach to challenge the governing assumption involved here, that marketing studies of “tourism” should routinely or necessarily focus on the individual and thus upon class-based characteristics such as income to define
tourists. Rather, the authors argue that tourists may be fruitfully segmented by commonalities of intangible aspects, such as “a shared sense of sentiment,” “tourist ritual,” “collective bonding,” and “belonging.” Hardy and Robards thereby suggest
that neotribal approaches indeed offer rich opportunities to do this by empowering the exploration of tourists' symbolic and behavioral characteristics. This review article consonantly proposes that by returning to Maffesoli's work, researchers in the twin fields of tourism studies/tourism
management may make substantial critical contributions to unfolding understandings of and about “consumer tribes.” Hence, Hardy and Robards suggest that subtribes exist within broader neotribes and that that sort of “membership” may not in fact be as fluid as many investigators
have previously suggested. (Abstract by Reviews Editor)
COMPARISON OF OUTLIER DETECTION AT THE EDGES OF POINT CLOUDS USING STATISTICAL APPROACH AND FUZZY METHODOLOGY: GROUND-BASED LASER SCANNER FIELD EXPERIMENT AND RANDOMLY SIMULATED POINT CLOUD
Authors: Arabsheibani Reza , Abedini Abbas , Sadat Yousef Kanani
Published: October 2015

The random error is following the features of normal distribution function (NDF) which those random errors deviated from the NDF's characteristics can be considered as outliers. In fact, the outliers exist inevitably in any observed parameter that is an undesirable part of the measurement's procedure due to its negative influence on the sensitivity analysis. It is therefore necessary to investigate more efficient methodologies especially for current remote sensing data processing and assimilations. In this paper, the comparisons of Baarda method as the conventional statistical methodology with the Fuzzy approach are presented to detect the outliers at the edges of two data groups: 1. The point cloud of ground-based laser scanner field experiment from one side of a wall, and 2. A group of randomly simulated distributed 3D point cloud. The results show that the Baarda method eliminates the outliers as soon as they are being found while the Fuzzy approach works critically based on the outputs of the statistical tests. Thus, the Fuzzy approach deals mostly with the residuals and those observed errors in the adjustment computational procedures. The obtained results about the successfulness rate of outlier detection for each method are separately presented in both graphical and statistical overview. Also, the capabilities of Fuzzy approach to detect the outliers in different point cloud's size and numbers of existing outliers at the edges of point cloud are investigated and discussed in details.
PRACTICAL METHOD TO SOLVE LARGE LEAST SQUARES PROBLEMS USING CHOLESKY DECOMPOSITION
Authors: Younis Ghadi
Published: October 2015

In Geomatics, the method of least squares is commonly used to solve the systems of observation equations for a given number of unknowns. This method is basically implemented in case of having number observations larger than the number of unknowns. Implementing the large least squares problems would require a large storage on the hard drive to store the different matrices for applying the solution. The computational time for solution would extremely increase with increasing number of unknowns and observations. The calculation of the inverse of the normal equation matrix will get more complex using the traditional methods with higher numbers of unknowns. Here, practical methods to eliminate the required storage and computations times during the solution are introduced. The Cholesky decomposition will be used to solve the systems of equations in order to avoid the complexity of the matrix inversion and to guarantee faster solutions. A block matrix implementation of Cholesky decomposition is to be used to enable the management of the memory and its limitations through the solutions. The principle of threading, which is supported in most of the programming languages like C++ or Java, is implemented to use the computer resources especially all available central processing units (CPU). This principle can be implemented over networks of computers to use of the resources of more available computers working under common servers.
EVALUATION OF EXTREMELY ASYMMETRIC TYPES OF DISTRIBUTIONS OF GEOFEATURES VALUES
Authors: Kurmankozhayev Azimkhan , Syzdykova Guldana
Published: October 2015

Statistical and geometric patterns were disclosed that are inherent to extremely asymmetric types of formation of stochastic frequencies of geofeatures values with the help of the exponential, probabilistic, structural, and Zipf distribution laws, which are most often used to describe them. A sophisticated pattern with exponential and hyperbolic nature of the probabilistic frequencies formation development was found. Based on these features, a leading concept of using major structure-forming characteristics of the distribu- tion of variable parameters as desired theoretical distribution function was used for parameterization of an extremely asymmetric distribution model.

A median and modal frequency of geofeatures distribution were defined as the theoretical parameters of the desired distribution model. A structure was constructed and formulas were derived for determination of the statistical characteristics of the recommended distribution model. Approbation of the distribution model was conducted on an example of morphometric signs empirical distributions among the localities of varying complexity and qualitative indicators of a number of gold and rare metal deposits; inhesion of its approxi- mating power and flexibility of use was revealed.
Excitation, pulsion et psychodrame
Authors: Salem Isaac
Published: October 2015

L’auteur montre que c’est l’excitation excessive qui est à l’origine des agirs. Il y a différents destins à l’excitation. Le problème central est de transformer l’excitation somatique en pulsion psychique. Comment s’opère ce changement ? Le pare-excitation protège des excitations. Il peut-être très défaillant chez les patients au fonctionnement limite et totalement défaillant chez les psychotiques. Comment restaurer le pare-excitation ? Le psychodrame est-il un instrument thérapeutique pour transformer l’excitation en pulsion ? L’auteur nous fait part d’un aménagement du psychodrame pour des patients psychotiques traités en institution.
Le passage à l’acte
Authors: Jeammet Philippe
Published: October 2015

Le point commun à la vulnérabilité aux passages à l’acte, et plus généralement aux troubles du comportement et aux pathologies de l’agir, réside dans l’absence d’un sentiment de sécurité interne suffisant qui permette à ces sujets, confrontés à une situation de conflit et de stress, de faire appel à leurs ressources psychiques internes pour pouvoir différer leur réponse à leurs émotions et avoir un minimum de choix quant à la nature de cette réponse. En l’absence de cette sécurité interne ils sont prisonniers de leurs émotions et en quelque sorte « manipulés » par l’entourage, générateur de ces émotions. Alors qu’ils croient choisir leur réponse en suivant leurs émotions immédiates, ils ne font en fait qu’obéir aux contraintes qu’elles leur imposent. L’auteur propose une sorte de cartographie, un repérage clinique, afin de comprendre les enjeux qui sous-tendent les différentes formes d’agir.
L’écoute de l’acte traumatique en institution
Authors: Braconnier Alain
Published: October 2015

L’auteur développe ici une réflexion autour des modes d’écoute du thérapeute face à l’histoire traumatique. L’écoute des patients pour lesquels la question de l’acte traumatique prend le devant de la scène peut être source d’une réflexion qui ouvre la question plus générale de « l’écoute en institution ». Elle en est une des sources les plus représentatives.
Quelles réponses institutionnelles aux expressions comportementales en unité Alzheimer ?
Authors: Merrien Marine
Published: October 2015

L’auteur décrit, à travers trois récits cliniques, les difficultés à penser et à développer une réflexion groupale pour décrypter les troubles du comportement des personnes âgées souffrant d’une maladie neurodégénérative vivant dans une unité Alzheimer. L’alternance d’observations du psychologue et de réflexions en réunion pluridisciplinaire permet d’utiliser les émotions suscitées par les troubles des résidents comme voie commune aux soignants et au psychologue pour tenter de penser les manifestations comportementales.
Délinquance juvénile : l’imaginaire de l’acte
Authors: Dupret Marie-Astrid
Published: October 2015

Les réflexions de ces quelques pages sont nées du travail de l’équipe transdisciplinaire d’assistance juridique à des mineurs infracteurs détenus à Quito pour des faits criminels. Selon l’auteur, les actes violents de ces adolescents s’expliquent par les difficultés subjectives suite à une enfance de maltraitance et d’abandon dans un contexte de graves déficits socio-culturels ; elles renvoient à un cadre de psychopathie. L’acte prend alors une dimension de mise en scène imaginaire sans valeur symbolique. Cette interprétation permet de suggérer les modalités d’un projet d’encadrement institutionnel et de réhabilitation de ces jeunes en fonction de leurs besoins psychologiques personnels et de leurs carences spécifiques.
À la croisée de deux codes, le difficile tracé d’un chemin vers l’école pour l’enfant avec handicap
Authors: Céleste Bernadette
Published: October 2015

Pourquoi est-il si compliqué de scolariser les enfants avec un handicap ? Ni la bonne volonté des professionnels, ni à proprement parler les moyens ne sont en cause. Avant la loi d’orientation de 1975, c’est dans l’histoire de l’éducation spécialisée qu’il faut chercher une partie des éléments explicatifs de la difficulté de la coopération entre les deux corps de professionnels (enseignants et personnels médico-éducatifs), nécessaire à une mise en œuvre positive de la loi. Après 1975, la porte de l’école ordinaire s’entrouvre aux enfants avec un handicap. Le Code de l’éducation, comme le Code de l’action sociale et des familles élaborent un ensemble de textes renforçant cette ouverture. Les termes évoluent..., l’inclusion supplante l’intégration . Simple changement terminologique ou paradigme nouveau ? C’est à l’ambiguïté entretenue autour du concept d’école inclusive que l’on peut aussi rattacher certaines des difficultés observées dans le tracé du chemin vers l’école pour l’enfant avec un handicap.
L’accompagnement des jeunes en situation de handicap : l’ambition d’un métier
Authors: Cluzel Sophie , Philbert Marie-Christine
Published: October 2015

La fnaseph est un réseau national de compétences, d’informations et d’expériences. Active depuis maintenant dix-neuf ans, la fnaseph , Grandir à l’école, milite pour un parcours en société, en regroupant des associations nationales et des collectifs associatifs départementaux afin de faciliter le parcours scolaire, social et d’insertion professionnelle, et développer un accompagnement de qualité des jeunes en situation de handicap, en tous lieux et temps de vie, en milieu ordinaire. Réunissant indirectement plusieurs centaines de familles concernées par toutes les formes de handicap, la fnaseph est un interlocuteur impliqué au plan national auprès des législateurs et des gouvernants pour faire progresser les idées, les initiatives, les lois et les pratiques favorisant une meilleure insertion des jeunes en situation de handicap dans la société et notamment le système éducatif. La question de l’aide humaine se pose régulièrement en pilier, sorte de condition de la participation. Il est essentiel de replacer ce moyen d’accompagnement à sa juste place : l’aide humaine ne saurait être la seule solution, voire la condition, d’un parcours réussi. C’est pour cela qu’après avoir d’une part retracé l’histoire de l’accompagnement humain à l’école, traditionnellement intitulé auxiliaire de vie scolaire, d’autre part précisé nos attentes et notre légitime ambition pour les enfants et les jeunes handicapés, nous avons voulu aussi apporter leurs témoignages et leur regard sur leur métier.
Un petit garçon à part ?
Authors: Langlois Marc
Published: October 2015

Un petit garçon de 3 ans identifié comme « à part » et « n’est pas » dès ses tout premiers jours d’école. Une procédure de reconnaissance de handicap enclenchée à la va-vite pour obtenir une auxiliaire de vie scolaire. Et une institutrice soulagée. Une loi de 2005 qui pose mais ne définit pas le handicap psychique. Une porte qui s’ouvre à tous types de troubles permettant de justifier une demande de reconnaissance de handicap et une dérivation des circuits ordinaires. Une société de plus en plus performante. Une médicalisation galopante de la singularité.
Sensorialité et mouvement dans la transmission psychique familiale
Authors: Konicheckis Alberto
Published: October 2015

La famille Rivière consulte pour des troubles de sommeil de leur fille Laura, alors âgée de 4 ans. Elle a été adoptée à l’âge de 6 mois. Au début de la thérapie, on repère l’intervention d’instances extérieures dans la perpétuation de la transmission familiale. La famille Rivière se présente alors comme un ensemble agglutiné. Un déplacement de Laura en séance fait surgir différentes fonctions psychiques de la sensorialité et du mouvement en rapport aux premières formes d’identification, de symbolisation et de création d’espaces et du temps psychiques. Dans le sillage de ce mouvement, surgissent aussi des personnages fantomatiques dont l’existence était tenue secrète et cloîtrée jusqu’alors.
La dépression en héritage
Authors: Leroux Isabelle , Ducousso-Lacaze Alain
Published: October 2015

À partir de trois cas cliniques, les auteurs montrent que la mise en avant par le sujet d’une étiologie génétique de son état dépressif a une fonction subjective et alimente un fantasme de transmission. Alors que rien n’a été prouvé concernant des facteurs génétiques dans l’étiologie de la dépression, les auteurs constatent que de nombreux dépressifs utilisent l’hérédité comme justification. Comme le suggérait Freud, il ne s’agit pas juste d’hériter mais de savoir comment on utilise cet héritage et à quelles fins. La dimension défensive « d’innocentation » est toujours présente, alimentée par l’argument génétique. Promouvoir la part héréditaire autorise avant tout à se désubjectiver par rapport à cet état. Paradoxalement, cela peut permettre aussi de se l’approprier et de le reconnaître comme sien. Enfin, s’inscrire dans cet héritage, peut faire accéder au groupe familial.
Corps, emprise et deuil dans Génitrix : François Mauriac clinicien
Authors: Sourgen Jean-Louis
Published: October 2015

François Mauriac, clinicien ? Précurseur en matière d’analyse ? La lecture de Génitrix révèle qu’il décrit l’évolution du lien d’emprise qui lie Fernand à sa mère Félicité d’une façon tout à fait conforme aux exposés récents concernant ce type de relation. Mais c’est dans son approche du processus de deuil, où il montre l’incorporation du défunt dans l’endeuillé, qu’il se révèle un visionnaire en 1923, précédant l’étude de K. Abraham. Enfin, ce qu’il dit du transgénérationnel dans ses aspects conscients et inconscients peut inspirer notre recherche.
La sexualité adolescente dans la famille
Authors: Baruch Florence
Published: October 2015

C’est à partir de l’expérience d’entretiens avec des pubères et des adolescents seuls ou avec leurs familles en Centre de planification et d’éducation familiale qu’un travail d’élaboration psychique peut se mettre en place. La sexualité à l’adolescence bouleverse l’homéostasie familiale. Les motifs d’entretien mènent parfois à une préparation à une thérapie familiale psychanalytique. C’est le cas en puberté quand les parents ont tant de difficultés à considérer leur enfant en pleine transformation physique et psychique. Ils ne détiennent plus, seuls, la fonction de reproduction. Parfois leur enfant est étonné de ce que cette période suscite chez le parent. En adolescence, la recherche de l’autre comme différent va remplacer le besoin pubère de s’agréger en grand groupe non mixte. L’adolescence est une période d’engagements où la question de la transmission inter et transgénérationnelle est posée. Cette question peut s’exprimer parfois à travers de passages par des actes comme des fécondations impromptues qu’il est intéressant de comprendre.
Le rôle de la France dans le défi écologique mondial
Authors: Lepage Corinne
Published: October 2015

Un mouvement est en marche pour limiter les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, alors que cette priorité avait longtemps été négligée. La prise de conscience des risques climatiques ayant fait du chemin depuis Copenhague, 2015 pourrait bien être l’année du changement. Mais alors que la loi sur la transition énergétique apporte des avancées en France, elle est encore loin de constituer un tournant vers les énergies renouvelables ; notre pays accumule un retard par rapport à ses voisins, une position peu avantageuse en amont de la COP21. Il est plus qu’urgent de mettre en place des engagements concrets et contrôlables via des sanctions. Et cela ne se fera pas sans un financement solide et durable des pays du nord, ni sans un renversement des attitudes des États, alors même qu’un changement des mentalités s’opère au sein de la société civile.
Sauver l’océan, protéger la haute mer
Authors: Thiele Torsten
Published: October 2015

L’océan ressemble aujourd’hui à un « État en faillite », qui manque de règles, de surveillance et de contrôles. Les grandes aires marines protégées peuvent soutenir ces écosystèmes océaniques cruciaux, offrant des puits de carbone rentables et un moyen pour les poissons de renouveller leur population. La récente résolution de l’Assemblée générale des Nations unies concernant un instrument juridiquement contraignant sur la biodiversité marine en haute mer montre la voie à suivre. Toutefois les arguments écologiques, scientifiques et juridiques pour la protection de l’océan doivent être soutenus avec des idées pour apporter de nouvelles technologies, de nouveaux participants et de nouvelles sources de financement pour la protection des océans. Une Banque de l’océan pour la durabilité et le développement offrirait la possibilité d’apporter une expertise du secteur privé et de la finance et de reconnaître le rôle clé que l’océan joue dans le système mondial, au moment crucial de la COP21 de la CCNUCC à Paris.
L’Union africaine face au défi des frontières : le cas de la frontière sénégalo-gambienne
Authors: Roussy Caroline
Published: October 2015

La frontière est au cœur de la question d’intégration en Afrique, question à laquelle tente de répondre l’Agenda 2063. Les Africains se sont appropriés les frontières héritées de la colonisation, prémices de leur souveraineté nationale. Le cas de la frontière sénégalo-gambienne montre cette ambivalence, à travers la co-construction de celle-ci par les gouvernants et les gouvernés, et les usages qui en sont faits, comme source d’opportunités et comme outil de spéculation. Le Sénégal et la Gambie ayant suivi des trajectoires différenciées, malgré ce qu’en disent les discours majoritaires, la frontière a constitué pour eux le socle de leurs identités et de leurs États-nations. Ce cas illustre l’enracinement des frontières en Afrique, et, bien que leur tracé ait été absurde au départ, elles sont aujourd’hui difficilement renégociables, au même titre que les États-nations.
Reversible Watermarking in Medical Image Using RDWT and Sub-Sample
Authors: Gao Lin , Gao Tiegang , Zhao Jie
Published: October 2015

This paper proposed a reversible medical image watermarking scheme using Redundant Discrete Wavelet Transform (RDWT) and sub-sample. To meet the highly demand of the perceptional quality, the proposed scheme embedding the watermark by modifying the RDWT coefficients. The sub-sample scheme is introduced to the proposed scheme for the enhancement of the embedding capacity. Moreover, to meet the need of security, a PWLCM based image encryption algorithm is introduced for encrypting the image after the watermark embedding. The experimental results suggests that the proposed scheme not only meet the highly demand of the perceptional quality, but also have better embedding capacity than former DWT based scheme. Also the encryption scheme could protect the image contents efficiently.
Evaluations of Image Degradation from Multiple Scan-Print
Authors: Garhwal Abhimanyu Singh , Yan Wei Qi
Published: October 2015

Image degradation is a fundamental problem in digital image processing since it has been occurred in scan-print very often. The multiple rounds of scan-print usually lead to difficulties of perceiving visual information of an image. Therefore it is referred to as image degradation. In order to investigate the effects of the degradation, subjective and objective image metrics have been collected and are employed for measuring image quality. In this paper, those objective metrics will be harnessed for qualitatively analyzing the degraded images from multiple scan-print. The authors' contributions lie in evaluating the degradation by comparing each test image and its degraded ones with various objective metrics. Furthermore, the comparisons of the robustness and consistent of the metrics in support of their evaluations are analyzed.
Experiences on the Evaluation of DSSim
Authors: Vargas-Vera Maria , Nagy Miklos
Published: October 2015

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of DSSim (DSSim stands for Similarity based on Dempster-Shafer), our ontology alignment system. The authors participated several years in the annual evaluation defined by the Ontology Alignment Initiative (OAEI). Each year their DSSim was evolved and participated in more difficult tracks defined by the Ontology Alignment Initiative. In fact, DSSim obtained exceptional results in the OAEI-2008 Evaluation. In this evaluation (OAEI-2008), DSSim participated on all given tracks namely, benchmark, anatomy, fao, directory, mldirectory, library, very large crosslingual resources and conference. The challenges presented by each track were addressed by the DSSim team.
Architecture of DSSim
Authors: Vargas-Vera Maria , Nagy Miklos
Published: October 2015

This paper presents the architecture of DSSim (DSSim stands for Similarity based on Dempster-Shafer) our multi-agent ontology mapping system. It describes several types of agents and their roles in the DSSim architecture. These agents are mapping agents which are able to perform either semantic or syntactic similarity. The authors' architecture is generic as no mappings need to be learned in advance and it could be easily extended by adding new mapping agents in the framework. These new mapping agents could run different similarity algorithms either semantic or syntactic. In this way, DSSim could assess which algorithm has a better performance. Additionally, this paper presents the main algorithms used in DSSim and discusses DSSim advantages and drawbacks.
Design and Content Description of Educational Videogame Word-y to Learn English as a Second Language
Authors: Nourdin Michelle Nicólas , Quintana María Graciela Badilla
Published: October 2015

Videogames have taken an important role on children and adolescents through the years and gradually took a significant gap in education, leaving out its playful look at leisure. Particularly in Chile, thanks to the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), several tools like didactic presentation programs or mobile apps facilitate the teaching and learning process of a second language like English. The aim of this research is to describe the design of an educative videogame and to describe the validation process of the Word-y contents which are associated to learning vocabulary in English. The design has been developed using the incremental prototype model' using the free version of Construct2 software. As projections, the future work implies improve the first prototype applying a content survey to 30 English teachers and users.
Infection by Nosema fumiferanae (Microsporidia: Nosematidae) and feeding on previous-year’s foliage do not interact in affecting late instars of the spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: van Frankenhuyzen Kees , Liu Yuehong
Published: October 2015

Infection by Nosema fumiferanae (Thomson) (Microsporidia: Nosematidae) and feeding by late-instars on previous year’s foliage due to depletion of current year’s growth (also known as back-feeding) are likely to co-occur in high-density outbreak populations of the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)). We tested the hypothesis that effects of the two factors on larval fitness are exacerbated by their interaction. Twigs of balsam fir (Abies balsamea Linnaeus; Pinaceae) with or without new-growth shoots were fed to sixth-instar offspring from uninfected, moderately infected, or highly infected females in two laboratory experiments. Pupal mass and time to reach the pupal stage were significantly affected by infection and back-feeding but not by their interaction. Pupal mass decreased and development time increased with increasing spore burden in a linear fashion. Back-feeding had a significant effect on survival to the pupal stage, but infection did not, nor did their interaction. The relatively small changes in survival, pupal mass, and development time caused by infection and back-feeding were additive. The results thus refute our hypothesis that infection by N. fumiferanae and forced feeding on last year’s foliage by late instars are likely to interact in affecting spruce budworm recruitment in older outbreak populations.
Ptpn22 and Cd2 Variations Are Associated with Altered Protein Expression and Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes in Nonobese Diabetic Mice
Authors: Fraser Heather I. , Howlett Sarah , Clark Jan , Rainbow Daniel B. , Stanford Stephanie M. , Wu Dennis J. , Hsieh Yi-Wen , Maine Christian J. , Christensen Mikkel , Kuchroo Vijay , Sherman Linda A. , Podolin Patricia L. , Todd John A. , Steward Charles A. , Peterson Laurence B. , Bottini Nunzio , Wicker Linda S.
Published: October 2015

By congenic strain mapping using autoimmune NOD.C57BL/6J congenic mice, we demonstrated previously that the type 1 diabetes (T1D) protection associated with the insulin-dependent diabetes (Idd)10 locus on chromosome 3, originally identified by linkage analysis, was in fact due to three closely linked Idd loci: Idd10, Idd18.1, and Idd18.3. In this study, we define two additional Idd loci—Idd18.2 and Idd18.4—within the boundaries of this cluster of disease-associated genes. Idd18.2 is 1.31 Mb and contains 18 genes, including Ptpn22, which encodes a phosphatase that negatively regulates T and B cell signaling. The human ortholog of Ptpn22, PTPN22, is associated with numerous autoimmune diseases, including T1D. We, therefore, assessed Ptpn22 as a candidate for Idd18.2; resequencing of the NOD Ptpn22 allele revealed 183 single nucleotide polymorphisms with the C57BL/6J (B6) allele—6 exonic and 177 intronic. Functional studies showed higher expression of full-length Ptpn22 RNA and protein, and decreased TCR signaling in congenic strains with B6-derived Idd18.2 susceptibility alleles. The 953-kb Idd18.4 locus contains eight genes, including the candidate Cd2. The CD2 pathway is associated with the human autoimmune disease, multiple sclerosis, and mice with NOD-derived susceptibility alleles at Idd18.4 have lower CD2 expression on B cells. Furthermore, we observed that susceptibility alleles at Idd18.2 can mask the protection provided by Idd10/Cd101 or Idd18.1/Vav3 and Idd18.3. In summary, we describe two new T1D loci, Idd18.2 and Idd18.4, candidate genes within each region, and demonstrate the complex nature of genetic interactions underlying the development of T1D in the NOD mouse model.
UNC-45A Is a Nonmuscle Myosin IIA Chaperone Required for NK Cell Cytotoxicity via Control of Lytic Granule Secretion
Authors: Iizuka Yoshie , Cichocki Frank , Sieben Andrew , Sforza Fabio , Karim Razaul , Coughlin Kathleen , Isaksson Vogel Rachel , Gavioli Riccardo , McCullar Valarie , Lenvik Todd , Lee Michael , Miller Jeffrey , Bazzaro Martina
Published: October 2015

NK cell’s killing is a tightly regulated process under the control of specific cytoskeletal proteins. This includes Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein, Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein–interacting protein, cofilin, Munc13-4, and nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMIIA). These proteins play a key role in controlling NK-mediated cytotoxicity either via regulating the attachment of lytic granules to the actin-based cytoskeleton or via promoting the cytoskeletal reorganization that is requisite for lytic granule release. UNC-45A is a highly conserved member of the UNC-45/CRO1/She4p family of proteins that act as chaperones for both conventional and nonconventional myosin. Although we and others have shown that in lower organisms and in mammalian cells NMIIA-associated functions, such as cytokinesis, cell motility, and organelle trafficking, are dependent upon the presence of UNC-45A, its role in NK-mediated functions is largely unknown. In this article, we describe UNC-45A as a key regulator of NK-mediated cell toxicity. Specifically we show that, in human NK cells, UNC-45A localize at the NK cell immunological synapse of activated NK cells and is part of the multiprotein complex formed during NK cell activation. Furthermore, we show that UNC-45A is disposable for NK cell immunological synapse formation and lytic granules reorientation but crucial for lytic granule exocytosis. Lastly, loss of UNC-45A leads to reduced NMIIA binding to actin, suggesting that UNC-45A is a crucial component in regulating human NK cell cytoskeletal dynamics via promoting the formation of actomyosin complexes.
NK Cell Functional Impairment after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Is Associated with Reduced Levels of T-bet and Eomesodermin
Authors: Simonetta Federico , Pradier Amandine , Bosshard Carine , Masouridi-Levrat Stavroula , Chalandon Yves , Roosnek Eddy
Published: October 2015

NK cells play a major role in protection against tumor recurrence and infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). It has been shown that NK cell function after HSCT is impaired, but underlying molecular mechanisms are not well-known. In this report we show that the level of T-bet and Eomesodermin (Eomes), two T-box transcription factors regulating lymphocyte effector functions, is strongly reduced in NK cells from HSCT recipients compared with healthy control subjects. Reduction of T-bet and Eomes expression appeared early and persisted for years after HSCT, affecting all peripheral blood NK cells independently of their differentiation status. Reduced T-bet levels in NK cells from allogeneic HSCT recipients significantly correlated with reduced perforin expression. Acute, but not chronic, graft-versus-host disease, as well as CMV reactivation, was associated with further downregulation of T-bet expression in NK cells. Lower levels of T-bet expression in NK cells were associated with less favorable outcome after HSCT as a result of increased nonrelapse mortality. Collectively, our results provide a possible molecular explanation for the previously reported functional exhaustion of NK cells after allogeneic HSCT and suggest an impact of the NK transcriptional machinery status on HSCT outcome.
Bipolar mood tendency and frontal activation using a multichannel near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Uehara Toru , Ishige Yoko
Published: October 2015

This study aims to examine the association of frontal functioning with subclinical bipolar spectrum by a newly developed convenient method. We investigated subclinical bipolar tendency and frontal lobe activation during word productions using multi-channel near infrared spectroscopy. Participants: 44 healthy university students (mean ages 20.5 years old, and 29 female) gave their written informed consent, and we strictly protected privacy and anonymity was carefully preserved. A 13-items self-report questionnaire (Mood Disorders Questionnaire; MDQ) and a 16-channel near-infrared spectroscopy were used to compare frontal activations between two samples divided by median (4 points) of the total MDQ scores and to analyze correlations between relative changes of cerebral blood volume and bipolarity levels. There was no case suspected as bipolar disorders by MDQ screening (mean 3.4, max 10). Significant differences in lower activations were noted in the right and left pre-frontal cortex (PFC) with higher bipolarity scores using the specific software to analyze the NIRS waveform (P<0.05). Total MDQ were correlated significantly with frontal activation negatively in many channels; therefore, we conducted multiple linear regression to select significant frontal activations using the MDQ as a dependent variable. Stepwise method revealed that activation in left lateral PFC was negatively associated to bipolar tendency, and this regression model was significant (R2=0.10, F=4.5, P=0.04). Differences in frontal functioning suggest that subclinical bipolar tendencies might be related to left lateral PFC activations. It should be confirmed whether the identical pattern can be identified for clinical subjects with bipolar disorders.
Longitudinal reflections of the recent political shifts in the prescription of opiates
Authors: Bota Robert G. , Novac Andrei , Kheriaty Aaron
Published: October 2015

not required
The influence of information sharing, supplier trust and supplier synergy on supplier performance: The case of small and medium enterprises
Authors: Pooe David , Mafini Chengedzai , Loury-Okoumba Vandrys W.
Published: October 2015

Background: The assessment of supplier performance is an important activity for small to medium enterprises (SMEs) as they adopt and implement plans and policies aimed at enhancing their performance in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantages.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of information sharing, supplier trust and supplier synergy on supplier performance in SMEs.Method: A quantitative research design was adopted in which a survey questionnaire was administered to a sample of 309 owners and managers of SMEs based in southern Gauteng, South Africa. A confirmatory factor analysis was undertaken to assess the properties of the measurement scale. Hypotheses were tested using the path modelling technique.Results: Information sharing exerted a moderate positive and significant influence on supplier trust and a weak but sigificant influence on supplier synergy. Supplier synergy had a strong positive and significant influence on supplier performance. However, the influence of supplier trust on supplier performance was weak and insignificant.Conclusion: The study provides a useful framework for analysing the interplay between information sharing, supplier trust, supplier synergy and supplier performance in SMEs.
World Parks Congress 2014: Parks, people and planet
Authors: Cullen Ishbel
Published: October 2015

No abstract available
Doing public theology in the anthropocene towards life-creating theology
Authors: Meylahn Johann-Albrecht
Published: October 2015

If one presumes that we are today living in the anthropocene, how does this challenge the doing of public theology? What is the calling of a public theologian in the anthropocene? To be able to answer these questions, this article shortly described the anthropocene and then sought to unpack a possible doing of theology in a particular local context, within the time of the anthropocene, creating (poiesis) a deconstructive space for possible resurrection life to emerge.
Human Anthrax Transmission at the Urban–Rural Interface, Georgia
Authors: Kracalik Ian , Malania Lile , Imnadze Paata , Blackburn Jason K.
Published: October 2015

Human anthrax has increased dramatically in Georgia and was recently linked to the sale of meat in an urban market. We assessed epidemiological trends and risk factors for human anthrax at the urban–rural interface. We reviewed epidemiologic records (2000–2012) that included the place of residence (classified as urban, peri-urban, or rural), age, gender, and self-reported source of infection (handling or processing animal by-products and slaughtering or butchering livestock). To estimate risk, we used a negative binomial regression. The average incidence per 1 million population in peri-urban areas (24.5 cases) was > 2-fold higher compared with rural areas and > 3-fold higher compared with urban area. Risk from handling or purchasing meat was nearly 2-fold higher in urban areas and > 4-fold higher in peri-urban areas compared with rural area. Our findings suggest a high risk of anthrax in urban and peri-urban areas likely as a result of spillover from contaminated meat and animal by-products. Consumers should be warned to purchase meat only from licensed merchants.
Parallelisms between sea surface temperature changes in the western tropical Atlantic (Guiana Basin) and high latitude climate signals over the last 140 000 years
Authors: Rama-Corredor O. , Martrat B. , Grimalt J. O. , López-Otalvaro G. E. , Flores J. A. , Sierro F.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Sea surface temperatures (SST) in the Guiana Basin over the last 140 ka were obtained by measuring the C37 alkenone unsaturation index Uk'37 in the sediment core MD03-2616 (7° N, 53° W). The resulting data set is unique in the western tropical Atlantic region for this period. The SSTs range from 25.1 to 28.9 °C, i.e. glacial–interglacial amplitude of 3.8 °C, which is in the range of change of other tropical areas. During the last two interglacial stages (marine isotope stages; MIS1 and MIS5e) and warm long interstadials (MIS5d-a), a rapid transmission of climate variability from Arctic–tropical latitudes is recorded. During these periods, the MD03-2616 SSTs show a conspicuous parallelism with temperature changes observed in Greenland and SST records of North Atlantic mid-latitude cores (Iberian Margin 38° N, Martrat et al., 2007). The last deglaciation in the Guiana Basin is particularly revealing. MIS2 stands out as the coldest period of the interval analysed. The events recorded in Guiana parallel northern latitude events such as the Bølling–Allerød warming and the Younger Dryas cooling which ensued. These oscillations were previously documented in the δ18O of the Sajama tropical ice core (Bolivia) and are present in Guiana, with rates of ca. 6 °C ka−1 and changes of over 2 °C. During the glacial interval, significant abrupt variability is observed, e.g. oscillations of 0.5–1.2 °C during MIS3, which is about 30 % of the maximum glacial–interglacial SST change. In the MD03-2616 record, it is possible to unambiguously identify either the Dansgaard–Oeschger oscillations described in northern latitudes or the SST drops associated with the Heinrich events characteristic of North Atlantic records. Although these events form the background of the climate variability observed, what truly shapes SSTs in the Guiana Basin is a long-term tropical response to precessional changes, which is modulated in the opposite way to Northern Hemisphere variability. This lack of synchrony is consistent with other tropical records in locations to the north or south of the Guiana Basin and evidences an Arctic–tropical decoupling when a substantial reduction in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) takes place.
Medial Deities and Relational Meanings
Authors: Harvey Marcus
Published: October 2015

To date, few phenomenological studies analyze African religions at the level of epistemology. This essay engages in such an analysis with a focus on the cosmological tradition associated with the Akan of southern Ghana. I argue that medial Akan deities can be understood as constitutive elements of a grammar of knowing, the latter designating a mode of meaning construction serving as a formative component of an epistemology rooted in the significantly relational idea of sunsum (spirit). I argue further that Akan conceptions of the abosom (medial deities) in conjunction with certain attendant ritual observances and practices signal three epistemological principles that can be described as follows: (1) knowing as a function of regular contact with the spiritual world (asamando), (2) knowing as a heterogeneous, paradoxical experience marked by both power and limitation, and (3) knowing as an ethical mandate.
Cries of the Unheard
Authors: Hills Darrius D. , Curry Tommy J.
Published: October 2015

Martin Luther King believed that the civil rights struggles of Blacks were in one sense importantly American but also part of a worldwide movement against colonialism. As King once noted, Black Power is “the cry of the unheard.” Such expressions of angst extend themselves beyond U.S. borders and thus characterize the existential crises of all oppressed communities. Through this observation, King argues that this international perspective is the definition of Black Power and is a universal call for justice, which he engages as the transition from “thingification” to personhood. #BlackLivesMatter is the theopolitical demand for Black personhood, which we believe to be housed in King's philosophy of Black Power. Using interpretations of oppression from Black and womanist theologies, this article provides a reconfiguration of King's expansion of Black Power into global terrain and considers how this approach is timely, given the desensitization toward the killing of Black female and male bodies.
American Muslim (Un)Exceptionalism
Authors: Rashid Hussein , Muhammad Precious Rasheeda
Published: October 2015

The acceptance and performance of Americanness as defined by a dominant discourse is manifest in the ways Muslims express their religious identification and acquiesce to the issues that are important to the state. In this article, we choose one particular example to highlight a trajectory of responses that limits Muslim history in the United States to positive and uncritical representations of the self, thereby circumscribing avenues of dissent and challenges to authority.
Freedom from Heaven
Authors: Sensbach Jon
Published: October 2015

From the beginning of European colonialism in the New World, Africans and people of African descent used religious language and ideology to protest the interlocking of religion, the state, and slavery. Throughout the Americas, slavery was built on a legal superstructure undergirded by imperial, national, and local power. Government produced and enforced the slave codes that defined human beings as property and legalized their torture, maiming, and execution. Therefore, any protest or act of resistance against slavery was by definition directed against the state as well. From slave rebellions to freedom petitions to protests against the U.S. Fugitive Slave Law, religion inspired resistance against the terror of state-sponsored slavery.
The Global Catholic Church and the Radical Possibilities of #BlackLivesMatter
Authors: Williams Shannen Dee
Published: October 2015

Although Black people constitute approximately one-fourth of the world's 1.2 billion Catholics, racial justice remains an elusive priority and goal of the global church. This essay briefly examines the challenges of racial justice reform in the twenty-first-century church and considers the radical possibilities of worldwide Catholic engagement with #BlackLivesMatter.
Concepção de saúde e autocuidado pela população masculina de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde
Authors: Quandt Xavier Sheila , Ceolin Teila , Echevarría-Guanilo Maria Elena , Da Costa Mendieta Marjoriê
Published: October 2015

Objetivo: Conocer la visión acerca de los cuidados de la salud de la población masculina que frecuenta grupos de educación en salud de una Unidad Básica de Salud (UBS) en el Sur de Rio Grande del Sur.

Método: Consiste en un estudio de abordaje cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo exploratorio, desarrollado con seis pacientes de una UBS de zona urbana del municipio de Pelotas (RS). Los datos fueron recogidos en noviembre y diciembre de 2012 por medio de entrevista semiestructurada, y después sometidos a análisis de contenido. El estudio recibió aprobación del Comité de Ética de Investigación de la Universidade Federal de Pelotas.

Resultados: A partir del análisis de los datos fue posible identificar tres temas: descripción de los participantes; concepción de salud y percepción acerca del cuidado con la salud. Los resultados obtenidos apuntaron que los hombres tienen preocupación acerca del cuidado con la salud y realizan acciones preventivas como forma de mantenimiento de la salud.

Consideraciones finales: La comprensión de los hombres sobre el proceso de salud y autocuidado contribuyen a la realización de acciones, y estas son efectivas para la mejora de las condiciones de vida.
Qualidade de vida de idosos que participam de grupo de promoção da saúde
Authors: Santos Leidiene Ferreira , Oliveira Lizete Malagoni Almeida Cavalcante , Barbosa Maria Alves , Nunes Daniella Pires , Brasil Virginia Visconde
Published: October 2015

Introducción: El envejecimiento de la población se configura como un fenómeno mundial, por lo que es esencial para poner en práctica actividades que contribuyan a un envejecimiento saludable y activo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la calidad de vida (CV) de los mayores participantes de un grupo de promoción de la salud.

Metodología: Se trata de un estudio de abordaje cuantitativo, con mayores inscritos en una Unidad de Atención Primaria de Salud de la Familia (UABSF), que participan de un grupo de promoción de la salud. La recolección de datos ocurrió entre junio y octubre de 2012, utilizando un cuestionario socio demográfico, del WHOQOL-BREF y WHOQOL-OLD. Los datos fueron analizados en el software Stata versión 11.0. Las variables numéricas fueron exploradas por medidas descriptivas de centralidad y de dispersión y las categóricas por frecuencias simpes absolutas y porcentajes. Los dominios del WHOQOL-BREF y la faceta del WHOQOL OLD fueron representados por media, desviación estándar e intervalo de confianza.

Resultados: La edad media de los mayores es 71,0 años (DE: 7,2). La mayoría de las personas mayores evaluaron su CV como buena o muy buena (20, 76,9%), pero casi todos ellos no estaban satisfechos con su salud (24, 92,4%) (Tabla 2).

Conclusión: La evaluación de la CV se configura en estrategia que puede ser utilizada por profesionales de la salud que coordinan grupos para identificar los aspectos de la vida de los mayores más afectados por el proceso de envejecimiento y, por lo tanto, permite la implementación de intervenciones efectivas a las necesidades de esta clientela.