bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF BREED ON GROWTH AND HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF WEANER RABBITS
Authors: OGUNJESA A. B. , BAKARE D. A.
Published: December 2024

This study was aimed at evaluating breed effects on the growth and haematology in weaner rabbits. Forty-eight weaner rabbits, 6-7 weeks old that comprised pure strains of Californian (CL), Rex hybrid (RX) and locally adapted breeds (LAB) were used at sixteen rabbits per breed in a completely randomized design. A feeding trial was conducted for eight weeks using formulated diet after an initial adaptability period of two weeks. Throughout the feeding trial, individual feed intake was recorded twice daily to determine daily feed intake while the body weights were taken weekly to determine weekly weight gain. At the end of the feeding trial, blood samples were collected from the ear vein for haematology and serum biochemical studies. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance using SPSS IBM version 26.0 while means were separated using Tukey’s honestly significant difference Test at the probability level of 5% (p<0.05). Results obtained showed no significant differences (P>0.05) in total feed consumed, total weight gain and feed conversion ratio among the breeds. There were also no significant differences (P>0.05) in the haematological indices except in the monocytes and eosinophils (P<0.05). The serum biochemistry composition showed no significant differences (P>0.05) except for triglyceride and urea which showed significant differences (P<0.05). From the results, breed plays no significant role in growth and haematology composition of rabbits raised under the same climatic and management conditions. Therefore, efforts should be made to improve on other factors that are determinants of rabbit growth and welfare.
SIRE’S STRAIN INFLUENCE ON LIVABILITY AND GROWTH TRAITS IN A DIALLEL CROSSED RABBITS
Authors: Akanni K. T.
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted to evaluate sire’s strain influence on livability and productivity traits using four rabbit strains; the New Zealand White (NZW), the Chinchilla (CHL), New Zealand Red (NZR) and the FCEABK-α (K-α); a newly developed rabbit strains through di-allele crossbreeding experiment that generated 16 genotypes involving 4 straight bred and 12 crossbreds respectively. The performance of these rabbit strains was monitored to evaluate sire’s strain effect on livability, growth traits and mortality at birth, pre-weaning (21 days), weaning (42 days) and post-weaning age of 84 days respectively. The results indicated that kindling to weaning livability and growth traits varied among the rabbit genetic groups due to differences in their genetic makeup. Chinchilla and K-α improved strain and their crosses performed better relative to other strains studied due to heterotic effect. Recommendations were therefore made that variations that existed in this rabbit population should be thoroughly exploited through crossbreeding and selection programmes. This is desirable in order to take advantage of heterosis in enhancing numerical doe’s reproductive efficiency. The study therefore underscored the importance of sire’s strain influence on livability and growth traits in rabbits, which is a better tool of improving animal agriculture for economic development in Nigeria.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY WEIGHT AND TESTICULAR INDICES OF MUSCOVY AND KHAKI CAMPBELL DRAKES IN A SEMI-ARID AREA OF NIGERIA
Authors: Mukaddas J. , Mbursa D. , Lamido M. , Aminami M.
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted at the Livestock, Teaching and Research Farm, Department of Animal Science, University of Maiduguri, Borno State. The growth traits of Nigerian domestic ducks have not been studied intensively like poultry chickens which hampered their production improvement in Nigeria especially sahelian zones and therefore, the study was aimed to determine the association between body weight and linear body measurements of two ducks. A total of 200 sexually matured Muscovy and Khaki Campbell ducks were used for the study. Data obtained were body weight (BW), body length (BDL), breast circumference (BTC), Drumstick circumference (DSC), neck length (NKL) and total leg length (TLL) using weighing balance and simple measuring tape calibrated in centimeters. Correlation test was used to analyze the association between body weight and among testicular measurements. The results revealed a high and positive and significant (P<0.05, P<0.01) correlation among all the testicular parameters measured (0.73 – 0.99) in Muscovy and (r = 0.85 – 0.99) in Khaki Campbell Drakes. There were generally low, negatively correlated and not significant correlation between body weight and all the testicular morphometric traits in Muscovy Drakes while in Khaki Campbell Drakes there were some moderate correlation. The correlations were generally high, positive and significant (P<0.05, P<0.01) among the testicular measurements. The relationship among the testicular weight and morphometric traits were very high in both strain. The study concluded that Body weight had no association with testicular morphometry in Muscovy drakes. However, in Khaki Campbell drake's body weight had moderate association with some testicular morphometry.
PHENOTYPIC VARIANT IN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT AMONG MALE AND FEMALE ARBOR ACRES CHICKEN STRAINS
Authors: Abe O. S. , Ayankoso M. T. , Olayinka D. O. , Adewumi B. O. , Tyogbea T. T. , Olaniyi W. A.
Published: December 2024

The performance of broiler birds is determined by its genotype and environmental factors which are determinants of variations in the phenotype. A total of fifty (50) day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicken were used for the study. Body weight (g) were measured using a digital sensitive scale while the linear body measurements (cm); wing length (WL), shank length (SL), thigh length (TL), comb length (CL), back length (BL), breast girth (BG) and keel length (KL) were measured with the aid of a measuring tape. The experiment lasted for 28 days. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to generate the variance components using SAS statistical package. The variance components were subsequently used to generate the genetic parameters. The results showed that male chickens (237.10g) were superior in body weight to female chickens at 2 weeks (231.55g), though some of the linear traits (WL, TL and CL) were better in female chickens. The results of the body weight for female chickens (569.92g) were superior at the 4th week than the male chickens (545.23g). The heritability estimates was highest in BG and KL for female chickens while SL presented the highest value of 0.71 and the lowest value of 0.50 in male and female chickens respectively. Amongst the linear body measurements, SL (0.68cm) and BL (0.68cm) had the highest repeatability value in male chickens while repeatability value was highest in CL (0.66cm) amongst the linear measurements in male chickens. It was concluded that male chickens perform better than female chicken early in life. Arbor Acre chickens could be effectively selected on the basis of KL at 2 weeks, and SL and KL at 4 weeks because their heritability was moderate to fairly high for improved performance and significant genetic gain in subsequent generations.
ANALYSIS OF UTILIZATION OF ANIMAL TRACTION POWER BY CROP FARMERS IN JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Muhammad M. B. , Garba A. , Abubakar S. A. , Yakubu D. H. , Mohammed A. M. , Abubakar S. B. , Zakari S. B. , Nwabude O. J.
Published: December 2024

The use of animals for farm operations lighten human labour for farm cultivation, freight and transport thereby contributing immensely to the farm economy. The study was undertaken to analyse utilization of animal traction power by farmers in Jigawa State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was employed to select 266 respondents from a total population of 3,3895 registered farmers using animal traction power. Information were collected using a structured questionnaire and interview schedule. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that all of the respondents were adult, married males with mean age of 25 years. A little over one-third of the respondents are literate with significant (75%) membership of associations. Also, 30.0% and 23.3% of the respondents have experience of animal traction power utilization of between 11-15 years, and above 20 years, respectively while 43% have farm size of not more than half (0.5) hectare. Over 60% inherited the farmlands. The study revealed that about 84% of the respondent’ source of animal traction power are bulls. Tillage practices (44.41%), transportation (21.27%) and pulling sledges (15.06%) ranked first, second and third respectively, as the major farming operations traction power is employed for in the study area. Multiple regression analysis results shows that education level, farming experience and farm size had a positive and significant relationship affecting and influencing use animal traction by the respondents. Also, over one-third (38.8%) of the respondents were challenged by scarcity of feed resources and water while 20.3% were constrained by animal health issues. Therefore, the study concluded that animal traction power is a reliable means of farming operation utilized by small scale farmers that has the potential of uplifting the socio-economics standard of the farmers.
PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENT, ACUTE TOXICITY AND HYPOGLYCEMIC POTENTIAL OF DICHROSTACHYS CINEREA METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT
Authors: Aminu H. , Abubakar A. , Isah A. , Zubairu A.
Published: December 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem worldwide, herbal derivatives have proved to be more efficient in the treatment of diabetes over synthetic drugs because of less side effects and adverse effects. The aim of this article is to investigate the phytochemical constituent, acute toxicity and hypoglycemic potential of Dichrostachys cinerea methanol leaf extract. Standard laboratory protocols were employed for phytochemical assay, fixed dose method was used to determine acute toxicity (LD50). Alloxan was used to induce diabetes to experimental animals and fasting blood levels were recorded weekly using glucometer. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of numerous phytoconstituents. The result for acute toxicity of D. cinerea methanol leaf extract (DCME) showed that the LD50 is above 5000mg/kg. The body weight showed that there were no significant (P>0.05) difference in untreated control, standard control, DCME100mg/kg, DCME200mg/kg, DCME 400mg/kg and normal control initially. At week 1, 2 and 3, only group treated with standard drug and extract significantly (P<0.05) increases compared to both normal and untreated control. Before extract and standard drug administration (week 0), the fasting blood sugar of all the alloxan diabetes induced groups (i.e group 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) significantly (P<0.05) increased compared to normal control group. After week 1, 2 and 3 of treatment there was no significant (P>0.05) difference between, extract treated groups compared to standard control. The present study revealed that D. cinerea methanol leaf extract contain numerous phytochemicals and the extract is practically not toxic at acute dose, and with strong glucose lowering potentials.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF PAWPAW LEAF (CARICA PAPAYA) AQUEOUS EXTRACT
Authors: Damter S. A. , Dastu A. J. , Guluwa L. Y. , Gofwan G. P. , Gyang I. Y.
Published: December 2024

The aqueous extract of Carica papaya (pawpaw) leaves were subjected to phytochemical screening for possible use in ethnoveterinary research. The secondary metabolites (component) of the extract were determined at the Toxicology Unit, Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom for saponins, carbohydrate, alkanoids, tannins, flavonoids, anthraguinone, cardiac glycoside and resins using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The result of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponin, carbohydrate, alkanoid, tannins, flavonoids and cardiac glycoside among the secondary metabolic tested for and the extract was absent in anthraguinones and resins. The presence of chemical coponents in the leaves may be its reason for use in traditional medicine. It was therefore concluded that base on this discovery, the phytochemical components could be further taken for investigation in ethnoveterinary Research to develop it into drugs.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE TOWARDS ZOONOTIC BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS AMONG NOMADIC PASTORALISTS IN NASARAWA, NIGERIA
Authors: Zanwa A. I. , Irefin K. E. , Awa A. C. , Okoli I. C.
Published: December 2024

Tuberculosis is a chronic debilitating disease occurring worldwide affecting a wide range of animals and man. In developing countries like Nigeria, the situation is still high among pastoral communities, occupationally related livestock workers, and immune-compromised individuals living with HIV and Aids whose knowledge, practice, and attitude could predispose them to zoonotic tuberculosis (ZTB). In this study, a total of 125 questionnaires were administered to pastoralcommunities in the southern zone of Nasarawa to determine the Knowledge Attitude and Practice among pastoralists towards ZTB, and informed consent was sought among the individuals before the interview was granted. A descriptive statistic was used to calculate and analyze data from the KAP level of response and the socio-demographic variables: Educational Level; duration in Pastoral activities and Age of the respondents. From the KAP level interview, the response indicated that (77.6 %) of respondents with a secondary level of education are aware of the zoonotic transmission of TB from animal to man while (62.4 %) have knowledge that man can contract TB from animals. The participants have some understanding of the signs of TB, but greater awareness (77.6 %) was observed mostly among participants with a secondary level of formal education. Consequently, on the knowledge of how TB is transmitted, there was inadequate knowledge among the participants as (68.8 %) of primary level and (41.6 %) of respondents without formal education said meat is the vehicle for the transmission of TB from animals while only (33.6 %) of the participants with secondary education mention Milk produ cts. All the participants consumed Sour Milk (100 %) while the level of consumption of fresh and boiled milk among the participants was (24.1 % and 27.6%; Table 2) regardless of their educational level. Regarding the practice of using protectives while in contact with animals, (68.0 %) and (61.6 %) of respondents with primary and secondary formal education said they wash their hands after contact with animals while only (20.8 %) of respondents without formal education wash their hands after contact with animals. KAP level observed a divergence of opinion among the participants due to inadequate awareness and knowledge of protection from ZTB.KAP level observed that more than (65 %) of the respondents do not undergo BCG vaccination. Consequently, the study observed a (100 %) consumption of Sour Milk among the respondents. There is a need for an integrated education in line with one health approach to pastoral communities to safeguard them from zoonotic bovine tuberculosis.
EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF TUMERIC POWDER ON GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF RABBIT DOES
Authors: Uwaeziozi U. C. , Nwogu C. M. , Nwogu R. K. , Akushie F. , Amadike F.
Published: December 2024

A 35-day experiment was conducted to ascertain the effects of Tumeric powder (TP) on some reproductive and growth characteristics of rabbit does. A total of 24 first time bred does of 15 days pregnant were randomly allotted into four dietary groups of six rabbits per group, where each rabbit in a group is a replicate. The four experimental diets were as follows: Control (T1; without TP), T2; with 0.1% TP, T3; with 0.15% TP, T4; with 0.25% TP. The result showed increased weight and corresponding average daily feed intake at lower inclusion rates of 0.1%. Litter size and litter weight were influence at 0.15% and 0.25%
FOETOMETRICS OF COWS SLAUGHTERED AT SOKOTO MODERN ABATTOIR
Authors: Mohammed A. A. , Shafiu A.
Published: December 2024

Knowledge on the estimate cows slaughtered and foetal ages of slaughtered pregnant cows will go a long way to tracing the cause(s) of the slaughter and or foetal wastage and the possible means of addressing the menace. Thus, this study was carried out to assess average number of cattle slaughtered at Sokoto Modern Abattoir over a period of three months. Data was collected between April and June during which the abattoir was visited early in the morning (6 a.m) before slaughter activities commence. Foetuses removed from the pregnant cows by butchers during evisceration was collected, weighed and crown rump length was taken in centimeter with aid of a flexible measuring tape. The estimate gestation ages of the wasted foetuses were determined from the crown rump length measurements. A total of 9,716 cattle were slaughtered with an average of 2,429 weekly. Out of the total number slaughtered, 4872 were males while 4844 were females. From the number of female cattle slaughtered,129 foetuses were recovered, of which 0.7% of the foetuses were in the the first trimester of the dam pregnancy; 42.3% were in the second trimester while 57% were at the third trimester. The study concludes that sex ratio of the cattle slaughtered was approximately 1:1 (male:female). A total weight of 966.3Kg foetal wastage was recorded over the three months period. Pregnant cattle at the third trimester were the most slaughtered (57%).
INTESTINAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKENS IN RESPONSE TO YEAST-TREATED DIALIUM BARK SUPPLEMENTATION
Authors: Ogbuewu I. P. , Anyigor E. A. , Ahiwe E. U. , Etuk I. F. , Etuk E. B. , Emenalom O. O. , Okoli I. C.
Published: December 2024

Intestinal characteristics of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with incremental levels of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) treated dialium bark were investigated. One hundred and eighty (180), one-day-old chicks (Ross 308) were weighed and randomly distributed into three treatment groups designated 0 (T0), 0.5 (T0.5), or 1.0 (T1.0) g kg-1 feed, giving five replicates of 12 chicks. Intestinal samples for analysis were obtained from each replicate on the 56th of the experiment and the data obtained analysed statistically. Results show that no statistical differences were found in intestinal lengths and weights of broiler chickens on dietary yeast-treated Dialium bark supplementation. In contrast, broiler chickens on T0.5 and T1.0 diets had significantly improved histomorphology of the jejunum. In conclusion, results suggest that yeast-treated dialium bark supplementation at 0.5 and 1.0 g kg-1 feed improved histomorphological indices of the jejunum without any negative effects on the intestinal lengths and weights of broiler chickens.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF COSTUS AFER LEAF AND STEM EXTRACTS ON THE HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES OF FINISHER BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Azodo N. L. , Obasi I. U. , Olabode A. D. , Uzoma C. , Kadurumba C. , Adetutu O. I. , Etuk E. B.
Published: December 2024

A total number of one hundred and twenty (120) 7-day old ‘Abor acre’ broiler chicks were divided into four groups of 30 birds each. Each group was replicated three times with 10 birds per replicate. The birds were randomly assigned to 0, 5, 10 and 15mL of homogenous Costus afer leaf and stem extracts per litre of drinking water in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. The groups were labelled T1 (control), T2, T3 and T4 respectively. Commercial feed and Costus afer leaf and stem extracts were offered ad libitum and the birds were managed under the same experimental conditions for 56days. At the end of the feeding trial, 4mL of blood samples from two birds per replicate were collected for hematological analysis. The result obtained showed that hemoglobin and parked cell volume value for T1 and T2 were similar (P>0.05) while T1, T3 and T4 are similar (P>0.05). This study concluded that Costus afer extracts in drinking water of finisher broiler chickens recorded an increase in the red blood cell and PCV amongs chicken offered 15mL of the homogenous Costus afer leaf and stem extracts and up to 15mL of the extracts could be added. Also, the ratio of leaf to stem could be altered in the preparation of the extract, while using the same species of birds or using other poultry birds like layers, turkey etc.
EFFECT OF CRYSTALLINE PROGESTERONE LEVELS ON MINERAL PROFILE IN LOHMANN BROWN LAYERS
Authors: Sani M. H. , Salisu N. , Tahir A. T.
Published: December 2024

The present experiment was conducted to determine the effect of crystalline progesterone (CP) on serum levels of minerals profile in eighteen Lohmann Brown layers. A single factor completely randomized design was employed with each treatment (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg/bird) administered intramuscularly via the keel muscle and replicated thrice. Data were analyzed using GraphPad InStat® statistical package. Statistically non-significant changes in median serum mineral levels across CP treatment groups were recorded, except for serum calcium, phosphorus and sodium.Median serum calcium (2.9 mmol/L) at CP dose of 20 mg decreased significantly by a magnitude of 0.7 mmol/L from the median calcium value (3.6 mmol/L) at 5 mg CP. Serum phosphorus decreased significantly from 2.8 mmol/L in control hens to 1.6 mmol/L in hens that received 20 mg CP. There was a significant increase in serum sodium median value (4.67 ppm) at treatment dose of 10 mg CP when compared to the corresponding sodium level (2.00 ppm) in the control group. It is recommended that serum biochemistry, hematological parameters and reproductive hormones were determined after exogenous crystalline progesterone on Lohman brown layers.
DIETARY EFFECT OF PEPPERFRUIT (DENNETTIA TRIPETALA) MEAL ON BLOOD PROFILE OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Simeon U. U. , Afolabi K. D. , Ebenso I. E. , Eko P. M. , Elijah N. A. , Edem B. P. , Ekanem N. J. , Akinleye S. B.
Published: December 2024

The modern poultry production technique aimed at increasing production by increasing efficiency of nutrients utilization and health status of birds using organic materials like herbs and spices to decreasing reliant on antibiotics and other synthetic products that have residual effects on birds, their products and their consumers. Thus, an experiment was carried out to investigate effect of dried pepperfruit (Dennettia tripetala) meal (DPFM) on haematology and cholesterol components of broiler chickens. One hundred and fifty day-old Hubbard broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five treatments containing 30 chicks each. Each treatment was replicated three times, which contained 10 birds each. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design. Five diets were formulated to represent the treatments (T1 – T5). Treatment (T1) was the control diet containing no DPFM, while T2, T3, T4 and T5 contained 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1% respectively. Diets were fed to birds starting from day old for 28 days (starter phase) and 21 days for finisher phase. Birds were allowed access to feed and water ad libitum. Parameter measured are the haematological indices like White blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, red blood cells, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, MCV, MCHC and platelets; and lipid parameters like Triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density, low density and very low density lipoproteins. At the end of 49 days, results indicated an increase in WBC, RBC and Hb by all the levels of pepper fruit meal. At 0.25% inclusion the neutrophils were reduced. The HDL (good cholesterol), VLDL were increased and LDL (bad cholesterol) was reduced by all levels of DPFM fed (0.25-1.0%) while the total cholesterol level was not affected. Inclusion of dried pepper fruit meal up to 1.0% in broiler chicken diets improved their haematology, immunity and good cholesterol levels while bad cholesterol levels was significantly reduced.
EFFECT OF DIETARY INCLUSION OF DRIED OKRA (ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS) FRUIT AND LEAVES ON THE REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF DOES
Authors: Ajewole I. T. , Olaniyi M. , Ogadu B. C. , Oluwatosin B. O.
Published: December 2024

Okra fruit is highly consumed in Nigeria and had been proposed to be responsible for modulating hormones that are responsible for sterility in males as a result of gossypol or a gossypol-like compound that stimulates infertility. However, there was no information available on the effects of the fruits and leaves on fertility in female goats. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of okra fruits and leaves on the reproductive hormones of West African Dwarf Does. A total of sixteen (16) does with mean body weight of 17.5±5 kg were allotted by weight to four dietary treatments formulated to contain 0 % dried okra fruits and leaves (D), 3 % dried okra leaves (DL), 3% dried okra fruits (DF), and 3 % dried okra fruits and leaves (DLF) in ratio 1:1 for a period of twenty-eight weeks. Does were synchronized using PGF2 alpha injection (Lutalyse®) and then mated using four Kalahari red bucks (one buck per group). Blood samples were collected before synchronization and at the end of each trimester for hormonal analysis and data on performance and reproductive indices taken were subjected to One-Way Analysis of Variance using in a Completely Randomized Design. The results obtained from the study revealed that Does fed DL had significantly highest (p<0.05) estradiol concentration (7.93 pg/mL) in the second trimester while DF (3.69 ng/mL) and DLF (3.63 ng/mL) had highest (p<0.05) progesterone concentration and D (3.16 ng/mL) had lowest progesterone concentration prior to parturition. The study concluded the inclusion of okra fruits with or without the leaves increased progesterone concentration prior to kidding.
HAEMAGLOBIN TYPES IN SHEEP IN OF SEMI-ARID ZONE OF NORTH EASTERN NIGERIA
Authors: Boyi B. , Maidala A. , Makinde O. J. , Badmus K. A. , Amaza I. B. , Jerimon R. B.
Published: December 2024

Genotyping is not a test to diagnose a disease, but rather a test looking for certain information encoded on the prion protein (PrP) gene. This encoded information helps determine the susceptibility of sampled sheep to developing clinical disease from a disease should the animal be exposed. Therefore, haemaglobin types in sheep in the semi-arid zone of North Eastern Nigeria was determined at haemoglobin (Hb) locus level. One hundred and sixty-eight (168) animals were used for the study. Blood samples comprising 56 each of Yankasa, Balami and Uda breeds were collected from households, sheep and goats’ markets and abattoir. The blood samples were analysed for haemaglobin types. Blood samples (5 mL per animal) were obtained from the jugular vein using a 10 mL syringe attached to 21gauge x ½ inch needle. The blood samples collected was then placed in tubes coated with ethylene-diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) as anticoagulant. The samples were adequately labeled and taken to Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe haematology’s laboratory for analysis. Haemoglobin type was identified using cellulose acetate paper electrophoresis. Genotypic frequencies were estimated, and sheep showed only HbAA genotype. Genotypic frequencies were similar in both sexes of sheep implying that there was no effect in sex on Hb frequency. It is therefore concluded that there were no polymorphisms at Hb locus since only the Hb AA was exhibited.
EFECT OF SEX ON HEAT STRESS OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS REARED IN NASARAWA STATE NIGERIA
Authors: Gambo D. , Bello J. I. , Musa S. I. , Idahor K. O.
Published: December 2024

Give two or three sentences to indicate justification for this study. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of sex on heat stress of West African Dwarf (WAD) goat. The study was conducted using 200 (100 bucks and 100 does) mature WAD goats comprising of 100 (50 bucks and 50 does) from the Southern and Northern Agricultural zones. Parameters measured were rectal temperature, respiratory rate, pulse rate and heat stress index. Data generated were analysed using the T test procedure of the SPSS software version 21. The result obtained indicated that sex had significant (P<0.05) effect on rectal temperature and pulse rate in Southern Agricultural Zone and combination of Northern and Southern Agricultural Zone. Doe had significantly (P<0.05) higher rectal temperature (40.74±0.04) while the Buck had significantly (P<0.05) higher pulse rate (100.43±0.54) in the Southern Zone. Respiratory rate and heat stress index was not significant in the two agricultural zones. From the outcome of this research, it could be recommended that characterization of WAD goats could be done using heat tolerance traits in Nasarawa State due to the fact that they have the potential to adapt to the prevailing environmental conditions in the area.
SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF COCKS FED VARYING LEVELS OF TUMERIC POWDER AS SUPPLEMENT
Authors: Amao E. A. , Amao O. D. , Buzari Z. O. , Adelegan T. M. , Tiamiyu W. A. , Yunus M. O.
Published: December 2024

Emerging evidence from in vivo as well as in vitro studies indicates that botanicals play noteworthy roles in the treatment, prevention and management of diseases. Use of natural compounds in botanicals has been proposed as potential alternative to conventional therapeutic options. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying levels of turmeric powder (Curcuma longa) on semen characteristics and haematological indices of cocks. The experimental material was drenched at 0.0g (T1), 0.05g (T2), 1.00g (T3) and 1.5g (T4) after 2 weeks of acclimatization. Semen volume, sperm cell progressive motility, sperm cell liveability, acrosome integrity, sperm cell concentration and normal sperm cell were evaluated for semen characteristics. Data obtained were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. Semen volume (0.34 – 0.37mL), sperm cell progressive motility (68.33 – 80%), sperm cell liveability (46.66 – 85.00%), acrosome integrity (50.00 – 85%) and normal sperm cell (66.66 – 90%) shows significant difference (P<0.05) in favour of cocks on higher level of turmeric powder. While sperm cell concentration (28.33 - 40.00 X109/mL) shows no significant difference (P>0.05). Turmeric powder up to 1.50g shows no negative effect on the semen characteristics of cocks.
EFFECT OF LITTER DEPTHS ON HAEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF ROSS-308 GROWER BROILER CHICKENS IN MAKURDI, SUB-HUMID SAVANNA
Authors: Ochefu J. , Ukwu H. U. , Chia S. S. , Jato A. V.
Published: December 2024

The environment of the animal certainly has definite effect on its physiology. The assessment of these effects requires the measure of haematological indices. Hence this experiment was designed to studythe effect of wood shaving  depths on some haematological indices of Ross-308 grower broilerchickens. The four weeks old, one  hundred and twenty (120) grower broiler chickens used for thisstudy were randomly allotted  by weight to four treatments of three replicates each, comprising of ten birds per replicate. The experiment was set in a completely randomized design. Feed and water were administered ad-lib. At the end of the experimental period of four weeks, three birds were selected from treatments; one per replicate and sacrificed. Blood was collected from the severed jugular; 3mls each into EDTA and EDTA free bottles for each bird. Samples in the EDTA bottles were used to evaluate PCV, Hb, RBC, WBC, and the erythrocytic indices; MCV, MCH and MCHC were calculated. Serum samples were aspirated from the EDTA free bottles for the analysis of total protein, albumin, glucose, creatinine, total cholesterol and triglyceride. The result of the study showed that the means of Hb, MCHC, ALT, total cholesterol and triglyceride vary significantly (p<0.05) among the treatments while means of all other indices were not significantly (p>0.05) different. It was observed in this study that Hb, MCHC and triglyceride concentration were influenced by litter depth.
SERUM DYNAMICS OF SOME REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES IN POSTPARTUM ANOESTRUS FRIESIAN X BUNAJI COWS TREATED WITH TWO DOSAGE REGIMENS OF OVSYNCH PROTOCOL
Authors: Dare T. A. , Mamman M. , Kawu M. U. , Chom N. D.
Published: December 2024

Fertility of the Post-partum period in dairy cattle is negatively influenced by the incidence of anoestrus. This condition is characterized by the absence of eostrus behaviour which may be due tophysiologic or pathologic  factors. This study therefore, was aimed to compare the serum profiles of follicle stimulating hormorne (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH) and progesterone (P4) in response to the administration of two doses of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH, Lecirelin®) in combination with prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α, Synchromate®) ovsynch protocol in apparently healthy, post-partum anestrous Friesian x Bunaji cows. Fifteen (n=15) animals were randomly divided into three groups and treated as follows: Group I (n=5) animals (control); Group II (n=5) animals received ovsynch 50 µg GnRH treatment; Group III (n=5) animals received 100 µg GnRH ovsynch treatment. Blood samples were collected at 15 to 30 minutes intervals for 6 hours to determine serum concentration of FSH and LH and once daily for 12 days after the injection of the first GnRH to determinate the concentration of plasma P4 using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits. Peak values of FSH and LH were significantly (p<0.05) different on days 0 and 9.The plasma P4 levels increased among treated cows following injection of GnRH reaching a peak on day 7 compared to the control group. It was therefore concluded that the ovsynch protocol at the dosages indicated enhanced FSH, LH and P4 profiles compared to control cows and could initiate the onset of ovarian activity in the post-partum anoestrus Friesian x Bunaji cows.
PERFORMANCE AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OF STORED EGGS FROM HENS FED DIETARY GINGER AND CLOVE
Authors: Adio A.A. , Ademola S.G. , Akinwumi A.O. , Arasi K.K. , Shittu M.D. M.D. , Ogunesa S.T. , Oyekan O.G. , Ogunbiyi O.D.
Published: December 2024

Eighty (80) 18 weeks old, grower ISA Brown strain birds were used to evaluate performance and antioxidant status of 35 day-stored eggs laid by hens fed dietary ginger and clove. The birds were randomly divided into 5 groups of 4 replicates per group. Each replicate contained 4 birds. Five experimental diets were formulated for the study namely: Basal diet without clove bud or ginger rhizone powders (control). Diet T1 was basal diet supplemented with 0.1% Clove Bud Powder (CBP) and 0.25% Ginger Rhizome Powder (GRP). The T2 was basal diet that contained 0.2% CBP and 0.25% GRP. Basal diet containing 0.1% CBP and 0.5% GRP was tagged T3. Diet T4 was basal diet supplemented with 0.2% CLP and 0.5% GRP. The results showed that dietary treatment did not significantly (P>0.05) influence performance and antioxidant capacity of the eggs stored. However, the interaction effect of CBP and GRP significantly influenced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (P=0.053) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity (P= 0.010). The highest increase in MDA was observed for hens fed diet supplemented with 0.1% CBP and 0.25% GRP (T1) (3.09 versus 2.73 nmol/mg protein for the control) with low SOD activity (2.50 versus 4.75 U/mg protein for the control). Furthermore, the main effect of GRP tended to significantly (P= 0.058) influence Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) with the highest GPx activity noticed for hens fed 0.5% ginger powder (T3 and T4). The lowest MDA concentration with better antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx) were observed in T3 (0.1% CBP and 0.5% GRP)
THE EFFECT OF REPLACING MAIZE WITH HIGH QUALITY CASSAVA PEEL ON STARTER PHASE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Ajayi F. E. , Akinsuyi M. A. M. A. , Oyeniyi F. G. , Ajayi E. A.
Published: December 2024

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing maize with High Quality Cassava Peel (HQCP) on the starter phase growth performance of broiler chicken. The experiment took place at the Teaching and Research Farm of Ekiti State Polytechnic, Isan-Ekiti, and it lasted 21 days. A total of 150 day old chicks (Arbor acre strain) were brooded for a week before being randomly allotted to five experimental treatments in a completely randomized design, such that treatment (T1) served as control with 100% maize, while T2, T3, T4 and T5 had 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% HQCP replacement of maize. Each experimental treatment was replicated three times with 10 birds each. Parameters measured included the daily feed intake (DFI), daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), final body weight (FBW) and mortality. The results showed significant (P<0.05) difference on the FBW, DWG and FCR. T1, T2 and T3- had the highest FBW, DWG and FCR, which are statistically similar and statistically difference from T4 and T5. The least FBW, DWG and FCR were recorded from T5 as 745.51g, 14.7g and 3.18 respectively. It was concluded that replacement of maize up to 50% with high quality cassava peel (HQCP) in broiler starter diets improved growth performance.
REPLACEMENT VALUE OF BOILED AND FERMENTED SORREL (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA) SEED MEAL FOR SOYA BEAN MEAL ON THE BLOOD PARAMETERS OF GROWING RABBITS
Authors: Olaoye S. A. , Igwebuike J. U. , Mohammed G. , Kwari I. D.
Published: December 2024

A ten-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of replacing full-fat soya bean meal (FFSBM) with boiled and fermented sorrel seed meal (BFSSM) on the heamatological parameters and serum biochemical indices of growing rabbits. Thirty cross-bred rabbits (New Zealand White X Dutch) between six and seven weeks of age with average initial body weight of 489.80 ± 25g were caged individually and allotted to five (5) dietary treatments. Each treatment was divided into three replicates of two rabbits. The rabbits were given diets and clean drinking water ad libitum throughout the period of the experiment. In diets 1 (control), 2, 3, 4 and 5 BFSSM replaced FFSBM at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%, respectively. The heamatological indices measured were packed cell volume (PCV), heamoglobin (Hb) concentration, white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular heamoglobin concentration (MCHC) and differential counts; serum biochemical indices such as total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, urea and cholesterol were also measured. The haematological parameters indicated that there were no significant (P > 0.05) difference among treatment groups in all the parameters while the serum biochemical indices also indicated no treatments effect (P>0.05) in all the parameters measured except total protein which showed significant (P<0.05) difference among the treatment groups. Treatment 2 had the highest value compared to other treatments with similar values, but did not differ (P>0.05) differ from those fed T3 diet. It was therefore concluded that, 50% of the full-fat soya bean in rabbit diets could be replaced with boiled and fermented sorrel seed meal without deleterious effect on haematological parameters.
CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF HYLA RABBITS FED GRADED LEVELS OF WATERMELON WASTE WITH WHEAT OFFAL AS ABSORBENT
Authors: Awopetu-Adetoro B. O. , Olosunde A. O. , Raji A. M. , Popoola M. A. , Olaniyi T. A. , Awoyomi O. V. , Mathew B. K. , Faniyi T. O.
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to evaluate carcass characteristics of Hyla rabbits fed graded levels of watermelon waste with wheat offal as absorbent. Forty five Hyla rabbits of 5-6 months of age were used for this experiment. The experiment lasted for four months. The rabbits were allotted to five dietary treatments (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) in a completely randomized design with 9 rabbits per treatment. Data were collected on carcass characteristics of the rabbit and subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using SAS version 9.3.1. Based on the results, watermelon waste with wheat offal (WRWO) had significant effect (p<0.05) on the carcass characteristics such as live weight, bled eight and de-skinned weight of Hyla rabbits. There was no significant effect (p>0.05) of the experimental diets on skin weight, eviscerated weight, dressing percentage, head, forelimb, hind limb, neck, liver, kidney, lung and spleen.It can therefore be concluded that inclusion of watermelon waste with wheat offal as absorbent can be fed to Hyla rabbit without adverse effect on their carcass yield.
RESPONSE OF BROILER FINISHERS TO MIXTURE OF SUN-DRIED CASSAVA AND SWEET POTATO PEEL MEAL BASED DIETS WITH ACIDIFIER SUPPLEMENTATION
Authors: Aguihe P. C. , Kehinde A. S. , Ntagbu F. G. , Osayande U. D. , Wealth A. S. , Ogialekhe P.
Published: December 2024

An experiment was conducted to determine the impact of acidifier supplementation to a mixture of sun-dried cassava and sweet potato peels meal in diets of broiler finisher chickens on growth performance and cost implication. A total of 105, 28-day-old Arbor acres broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 4 dietary treatments containing 5 replications of 7 birds each in a completely randomized design. Diet T1 served as the positive control (PC) containing maize-soybean meal based diet, diet T2 served as the negative control (NC) containing 25% replacement of maize with sun-dried cassava-sweet potato peel mixture (CSPPM) in T1 diet, while diet T3 and T4 were formulated to contain 0.5% and 1% acidifier supplementation to NC, respectively. Results showed that final body weight and weight gain were significantly higher (p<0.05) in birds fed PC and 1% acidified CSPPM diets than those fed CSPPM based diet. Feed intake was higher (p<0.05) in PC and acidified CSPPM diets compare to those fed CSPPM based diets. Birds fed PC and 1% acidified CSPPM diets showed significantly (p<0.05) lower feed:gain compared to the group fed CSPPM based diet. Feed cost/intake and feed cost/gain were significantly higher (p<0.05) in control group than in other dietary treatment groups. Feed cost/kg gain reduced significantly (p<0.05) in birds fed acidified CSPPM diets than those fed PC and NC diets. Conclusively, CSPPM can replace maize up to 25% in broiler finisher ration with acidifier supplementation up to 1% inclusion level for improved performance at a lower feed cost/kg gain.
EFFECT OF GROUNDNUT HAULMS SUPPLEMENTATION ON PERFORMANCE AND FEED DIGESTIBILITY OF MONGREL RABBIT IN SAHEL SAVANNAH ZONE OF NIGERIA
Authors: Salisu N. , Abdulkadir U. , Sulaiman U. , Ubayi K. M. , Shehu B. , Adamu N. , Abubakar B. , Abdullahi H. I. , Yau M. S. , Babandi B. , Tahir A. T. , Sani M. H. , Umar A. M. , Gumel I. A. , Kazaure L. A. , Muhammad A. S. , Dahiru M. , Abdula’ziz A. , Gumel A. M. , Mamuda I. , Yunusa K.
Published: December 2024

An experiment was conducted in Teaching and Research Farm, Binyaminu Usman Polytechnic, Hadejia. To determine the effect of groundnut haulms supplementation in the diet of mongrel rabbit. Twelve weaned mongrel rabbits average age of 14 weeks were purchased from Hadejia market. The experimental animals were allotted in to 4 dietary treatments (supplemented with groundnut haulms) : T1, T2, T3 and T4 0, 5, 10 and 15%, respectively. Twelve rabbits were used with three rabbits per treatment. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks during which water and feed was provided ad libitum. Antibiotics and multivitamins were provided to experimental rabbits to prevent and manage infectious disease. Parameters measured were initial weight gained, final body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (calculated) changes in organ weights and feed digestibility. All data generated were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) significance (P>0.05) differences of means were separated by using Duncan multiples range using SAS. The result indicated that supplementation of groundnut haulms significantly affected daily and weekly body weight changes. It is therefore concluded that incorporation of groundnut haulms in the diets of rabbits was safe and can be supplemented partially or fully as protein sources and use as a supplementation to weaner rabbits in the diets without adverse effects on the performance and feed digestibility of growing rabbit.
EFFECT OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM), SYNBIOTIC, ORGANIC ACIDIFIER AND ANTIBIOTICS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND FAECAL MICROBIAL COUNT IN PULLETS
Authors: Alausa O. J. , Adewole F. A. , Egbeyale, L. T. , Jegede A. V. , Alabi S. J. , Ojuolape K. O.
Published: December 2024

A total of 240 point of cage (12 weeks old) Isa brown pullets were divided into 5 treatments in a completely randomized Design (CRD), and each treatment was further sub-grouped into 4 replicates consisting of 12 birds for 8 weeks. The dietary treatments were; control, basal diet + garlic powder, basal diet + synbiotic powder, basal diet + organic acidifier, basal diet + antibiotic. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Data generated were subjected to one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Feed intake of birds on organic acid and synbiotic were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those on garlic. Feed intake record for organic acidifier and synbiotic was not significantly (p>0.05) different from that of the Control and synthetic antibiotics. No significant difference was observed for weight gain and feed conversion ratio across the treatments. The population of Pseudomonas specie (x104 cfu/ml) was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in birds fed diets containing synthetic antibiotics. Significantly (p<0.05) higher population of Pseudomonas specie (x104 cfu/ml) was recorded for the group on organic acidifier. This study concluded that garlic could reduce feed intake in pullets and synthetic antibiotic completely eradicated Pseudomonas species in the pullets.
PERFORMANCE AND SERUM METABOLITES OF BROILERS FED VARIED LEVEL OF CASSAVA PEEL MEAL ENRICHED WITH METHIONINE AND ENZYME
Authors: Eboh S. , Aribido S. O. , Offor O. O.
Published: December 2024

The high dietary fibre and low energy density of cassava peel have limited the full utilization by broiler chicken. Supplementation of cassava peel with enzymes and methionine improve broilers performance. Performance and serum metabolites of broilers fed varied level of cassava peel meal (CPM) enriched with methionine and enzyme was studied. A total of 96 broiler chickens were used in the research work. The birds were randomly allotted to four experimental treatment with each treatment having four replicate of eight birds per replicate. A completely randomized design (CRD) was employed. Four experimental diets were compounded to include CPM at 0, 15, 30 and 45% maize replacement in diets designated as T1, T2, T3 and T4. Performance and serum metabolites parameters of broilers fed were determined. Observed results show no significant differences (P>0.05) in initial weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR). However, there were significant variations (P<0.05) in final weight, weight gain, daily weight gain and daily feed intake in the performance parameters. A significant difference (P<0.05) was observed for total protein, albumin, creatinine and cholesterol. A non-significant difference (P>0.05) was observed for globuline, aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase. Values of the total protein was significantly different (P<0.05). However, no significant variation were observed for the values obtained in the birds fed diets T1, T2 and T3, except for cholesterol which were significantly reduced with CPM inclusion. It was concluded that CPM be included up to 30% replacement for maize in the diets of finisher broilers chickens.