bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Religious Freedom Between Indonesia-Russia and Its Limitations
Authors: Arvante Jeremy Zefanya Yaka , Nugraha Maulana Fuad , Rostislav Andrew Sergei
Published: January 2023

. This paper is a study or comparative study between Indonesia and Russia on the regulation of one of the fundamental rights in human rights, namely the right to freedom of religion. As a constitutional state based on law, Indonesia and Russia have made arrangements for this in their constitutions, the most basic of which is contained in the 1945 Constitution (Indonesia) and The Constitution of the Russian Federation (Russia). Universal rules such as human rights play an important role as an instrument that ensures the preservation of the rights of citizens and the implementation of state functions to fulfill these rights. The right to freedom of religion is one of the rights guaranteed in Article 19 of The Constitution of the Russian Federation in Russia, and the 1945 Constitution, as well as several regulations on human rights in Indonesia. Article 19 of the Russian constitution states that The State shall guarantee the equality of rights and freedoms of man and citizen, regardless of sex, race, religion, and also of other circumstances. All forms of limitations of human rights shall be banned. And Article 28I paragraph 1 of the 1945 Constitution states that the right to religion is stated as a right that cannot be reduced under any circumstances, as well as the right to life, the right not to be tortured, the right to freedom of thought and conscience, the right not to be enslaved, the right to be recognized as a human being. person before the law, and the right not to be prosecuted on the basis of retroactive law. As one of the rights that cannot be reduced, the right to religion should apply universally and non-discriminatory.
Identification of Students' Misconceptions on Vibration and Wave Material by Using the Certainty of Response Index (CRI)
Authors: Ginting Aslina Br , Siregar Nurdin
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine the misconceptions that occur in junior high school students in the city of Medan in the science subject of vibration and waves. This research includes descriptive research. The research population is all junior high school students in Medan City. The schools that were sampled were selected using regional sampling techniques, namely the city center, mid-town, and suburbs. SMP Negeri 02 Medan was chosen for the downtown area, SMP Negeri 34 Medan was chosen for the mid-city area and SMP Negeri 29 Medan was selected for the suburbs. city. The sample group of respondents from each school was selected using a cluster random sampling technique with the details of SMP Negeri 02 Medan as many as 29 students, SMP Negeri 34 Medan as many as 27 students and SMP Negeri 29 Medan as many as 29 students. The instrument used in this study was a multiple choice test equipped with CRI. The test questions are given as many as 20 questions about vibrations and waves. Before the test questions are used, the instrument is validated and tested for reliability. After the tests were conducted on the three schools, the data obtained were analyzed using the CRI method. The data from the overall misconception research that occurred for the three schools studied were 23.1%, students who did not understand the concept of 63%, and students who knew the concept of 13.9%. Meanwhile, the highest misconception occurs in question number 7 by 43.5% and the lowest misconception in number 2 by 8.2%. So it can be concluded that the level of students' misconceptions about science (vibration and waves) in general in the city where the three samples studied are categorized as low.
Forest Fire and Environmental Damage: The Indonesian Legal Policy and Law Enforcement
Authors: Wijayanto Adi , Wiraraja Hatta Acarya , Idris Siti Aminah
Published: January 2023

Law enforcement regarding the environment is in fact a responsibility that should be fulfilled by the state. In this case, the state is the main actor in prevention, as well as a protector from any efforts to destroy nature and the environment. It can be understood that to maintain the crucial elements in the existence of a state, as agreed in the Montevideo Convention, among others, permanent residents, definite territory, government, the ability to enter into relations with the state.  other. So with this it can be understood that environmental damage due to forest fires, is a form of threat also in the area element, because by burning ecosystems, it will result in an imbalance of life in an area, it can also be interpreted if the impacts arising from forest fires spread to enter the area. on the territory of neighboring countries, it will lead to unfavorable relations with other countries.
Reconstruction of Financial Crime Investigation Methods in Law Enforcement in The Era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0
Authors: Sukardi Sukardi
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the construction of the concept and method of financial crime investigation in the Netherlands in the law enforcement system in Indonesia to deal with financial crime in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. The method used is normative research because it only uses secondary data in the form of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials with conclusions drawn using deductive reasoning methods. The urgency of this research is because the development of crime that is not symmetrical with its legal efforts in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, has an impact on efforts to enforce the rule of law which will affect reciprocally with the democratic process in Indonesia. The novelty of the research is an investigative method that combines civil and criminal concepts and economic accounting concepts with criminal law concepts. The results of the study are the strategy for law enforcement of financial crimes and financial technology in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, by building a legal system, namely on the substance of the law, regulatory changes are built that are oriented towards proving the profits from crime through the concept of follow the money. In the aspect of legal structure, build a synergistic and harmonious coordination system between law enforcers and between institutional and private departments with an online networking system. In the aspect of legal culture, building a database system through a data bank, building a business economic infrastructure with a digital transaction system.
Prospect and Challenges of Criminal Procedures in Nigeria: A Review
Authors: Ilo Babajide Olatoye , Imosemi Adekunbi Folashade
Published: January 2023

Criminal Justice Procedure (CJP) can be described as the collective means through which a person accused of an offence passes until the accusations have been disposed of or the assessed punishment concluded. Arguably, CJP in Nigeria took an enviable turn around with the enactment of a new principal enactment, Administration of Criminal Justice Act (ACJA) which has repositioned the CJP in Nigeria by addressing the seemingly inadequacies in Criminal Procedure Act (CPA) and Criminal Procedure Code (CPC), harmonizing the CPA and CPC, codifying most age-long judicial pronouncements on CPA and CPC and addressing human rights abuses in erstwhile applicable laws thereby catapulting the CJP in Nigeria to an enviable position in the comity of nations. Recent judicial pronouncements in Nigeria on ACJA are worrisome and questions the readiness of the Judiciary as a stakeholder in Criminal Justice System to address the menace of delay in criminal trials which the ACJA aimed to address by introducing novel provisions target towards speedy dispensation of justice in criminal trials. The research methodology used in this study is systematic review and normative, by analyzing principal and secondary enactments in Nigerian CJP with judicial interpretations. While emphasizing the prospects of the ACJA, this paper also highlighted the challenges and suggested solutions to same. Despite its defects, the ACJA is a landmark development in the Nigerian Criminal Justice Procedure and all States of the Federation are therefore enjoined to domesticate the law.
The Rights of Victims of Illegal Investment Crimes Against Confiscated Goods
Authors: Santoso Wayan
Published: January 2023

Illegal investment is a very disturbing business crime. The number of victims and the large value of losses make the case of illegal investment getting special attention. The return of losses from the proceeds of crime is actually the right of the victim, but in law enforcement practice, confiscated objects are usually returned to the state, not to the victim as the rightful party. This study will discuss the problems of investment law in business activities, illegal investment in crime terminology and victims' rights to confiscated objects. This research is a normative juridical research examining the legal vacuum of confiscation of assets to be returned to the victim. Investment is a business activity protected by law. In its development, there are investment irregularities in the form of illegal investments, namely investments that are not licensed and carried out against the law. Illegal investment in the terminology of crime is not explicitly stated, but this act is punishable by fraud and money laundering. The proceeds of crime are traced and confiscated, but in legal practice, the return is given to the state. In future legal reformulations, it is necessary to stipulate provisions regarding the seizure of assets; therefore, the victims can get their rights.
A rare case of severe bilateral Graves’ orbitopathy involving an anophthalmic socket
Authors: Ali Mudassir , Abouzaid Mona , Clarke Lucy , Lau Gordon , Mitchell Anna , Napier Catherine , Pearce Simon
Published: January 2023

This is a report of a rare case of Graves’ hyperthyroidism associated with severe bilateral Graves’ orbitopathy, in a patient with an anophthalmic eye socket. On clinical review her prosthetic eye (left eye) was tilting upwards, along with worsening of Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) in the only seeing eye. As she refused IV glucocorticoids, she was offered rituximab which only caused a transient improvement in the clinical activity score of the eye. She had persistent right upper lid retraction of 6 mm, associated with lagophthalmos. To protect her seeing eye from corneal ulceration, the patient received a botulinum toxin injection to the right upper eyelid to induce blepharoptosis as an interim measure prior to right upper eyelid blepharotomy in April 2021. This patient remains biochemically euthyroid on block and replace therapy and her TRAb level is falling over time. Treatment for active GO is ongoing and the patient required a redo blepharotomy for painful corneal exposure in the right eye.

Learning points

Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) does not actually primarily affect the eyeball itself but the orbital contents as well.

Patients with severe GO in an only seeing-eyed patient should be referred early to a multidisciplinary Joint Thyroid Eye clinic for expert review and management.

Patient outcomes including sight loss are likely to be improved by the extended range of medical and surgical treatment modalities available at specialist clinics treating GO, including the use of immunomodulatory drugs like rituximab or teprotumumab.
«Haciendo los robos y mal que pueden como corsarios saltando en tierra». Incursiones de corsarios en el Caribe. El caso de William Parker sobre Campeche, 1597
Authors: De la O Torres Rodrigo Alejandro
Published: January 2023

In May 1597, Captain William Parker, along with half a hundred men, raided the town and port of San Francisco de Campeche in order to obtain some kind of booty. The purpose of this essay is to analyze this case in order to approach the configuration and characteristics of this raid based on the violence that occurred in it. To account for this process implies addressing the contexts that gave rise to the violence, as well as unveiling the subjects involved and their actions within the framework of this attack. Therefore, this case study is also a micro analysis proposal. Our presentation includes the following sections: a) frameworks of rationality, b) intentionalities, c) deployment of violence and d) conclusions. We assert that the raids were multidimensional, multifaceted and historically situated violent social events.
Radial ray anomaly with associated ventricular septal defect – case report with review of literature
Authors:   Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India, Singh Amandeep , Arora Mehak ,   Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
Published: January 2023

Ultrasound examination is used for the assessment of abnormal findings on prenatal screening. Radial ray defect can be screened by using ultrasonography. Abnormal findings can be detected quickly by having the understanding of the etiology, pathophysiology and embryology. It is a rare congenital defect that may be isolated or associated with other anomalies including Fanconi’s syndrome and Holt-Oram syndrome. We report the case of a 28-year-old woman (G2P1L1) who presented for routine antenatal ultrasound at 25 weeks 0 days according to the last menstrual period. The patient did not have any level-II antenatal anomaly scan done. An ultrasound was performed, and the gestational age according to the ultrasound scan was 24 weeks and 3 days. In this paper, we present a brief review of embryology and critical practical points, and report a rare case of radial ray syndrome with associated ventricular septal defect.
Bal felső lebenyi adenocarcinoma és pulmonális vénás fejlődési rendellenesség együttes előfordulása
Authors: Kovács Ottó , Szántó Zoltán , Vida Gábor , Juhász Árpád
Published: January 2023

Összefoglaló.
Esetismertetés: 60 éves férfibeteg esete kerül bemutatásra
jelen közleményben. Operábilis bal felső lebenyi tüdő adenocarcinomája a lebeny
rendellenes véna pulmonalis beömlésével (partial anomalous pulmonary venous
connection – PAPVC) szövődött. Az aortaív felett a hemiazygos vénába ömlő véna
pulmonalis superior a bal véna brachiocephalicába vezette a bal felső lebeny
vénás vérét, bal jobb shunt-öt okozva ezzel. A fejlődési rendellenességet
egyértelműen csak a műtét során sikerült azonosítani. Az elvégzett bal felső
lobektómia mindkét elváltozás definitív megoldását jelentette.
Megbeszélés: Jelen közleményünkkel együtt a fellelhető
szakirodalomban (PubMed) 32 esetleírás szerepel erről a ritka fejlődési
anomáliáról. Ez aláhúzza a preoperatív computer tomográfia (CT) jelentőségét és
a mellkassebész szerepét a CT felvételek értékelésében.

Summary. Authors present a case of a 60-year-old male patient with
left upper lobe cancer in association with partial anomalous pulmonary venous
connection (PAPVC) in the same lobe. The hemiazygous vein joined the left
superior pulmonary vein above the aorta in the thorax cavity draining into the
left brachiocephalic vein causing left to right shunt flow. PAPVC was clearly
identified intraoperatively and left upper lobectomy was performed as definitive
solution for both. PAPVC was closed by stapler. To our knowledge 32 operated
cases of lung cancer with PAPVC has been described in the literature (PubMed),
including our patient.
Tanda Waqaf dalam Q.S Al-Munafiqun pada Mushaf Al-Qur’an Rasm Utsmani Ditinjau dari Semiotika Charles Sanders Peirce
Authors: Permana Asep Amar
Published: January 2023

Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengetahui jenis-jenis tanda waqaf yang ada dalam surat al-Munafiqun beserta interpretan dari masing-masing tanda waqafnya pada mushaf al-Qur’an rasm Utsmani dengan kajian Semiotika Charles Sanders Peirce. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analisis. Adapun jenis penelitiannya adalah penelitian kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini, ditemukan pokok bahasan bahwasannya. Teori semiotika yang digagas oleh Charles Sanders Peirce ini terdapat konsep trikotomi yang terdiri dari Representamen, Objek, dan Interpretan. bahwa tanda waqaf dalam surat al-Munafiqun ada enam jenis waqaf, diantaranya ada waqaf lazim, waqaf waful aula, waqaf jaiz, waqaf waslul aula, waqaf adamul waqfi, dan tanda ruku’. semua tanda waqaf  menjadi (R (1)) yang objeknya (O (1)) adalah nama dari jenis waqafnya dan interpretannya (I (1)) bahwa semua tanda waqaf itu dilihat secara umum merupakan huruf hijaiyah. Akan tetapi ketika tanda waqaf itu  menjadi (R (2)) maka interpretannya bila dilihat dari segi ilmu tajwid maka itu sebagai tanda waqaf yang berarti ketika membaca ayat al-qur’an ditemukan jenis-jenis waqaf memberi makna dan petunjuk dalam pembacaan ayatnya apakah berhenti atau diwashalkan sesuai dengan jenis waqafnya (I (2).
Screening of actinomycetes from Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan sea for antimicrobial producers
Authors: Vu Thi Thu Huyen , Le Thi Hong Minh , Nguyen Mai Anh , Vu Thi Quyen , Doan Thi Mai Huong , Pham Van Cuong
Published: January 2023

The sea is a unique ecosystem for finding secondary metabolites from marine microorganisms. Many compounds produced by marine microorganisms with antibacterial activity have been applied in life. Furthermore, microorganisms are renewable raw materials and media for drug production, thus crucial for sustainable development in our life. In this study, we screened for antibacterial activity of microbial strains isolated from tern samples from Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan seas. The antibacterial activity of the marine microbial crude extracts was performed by the Bioassay method in a 96-well tray. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test results showed that from 86 strains of microorganisms isolated from the waters of Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan, 68 strains were able to inhibit the growth of 1 to 6 strains of the tested microorganisms, and 27 over 86 strains had antibacterial activity against at least three strains of microorganisms tested. In which strains G631, G756, G769, and G778 inhibited 4 to 6 tested microorganisms with MIC values equal to or lower than positive controls. Morphological characteristics and molecular biological analysis identified the four most active strains. The results showed that all four strains were actinomycetes.
Foundational Sight Singing
Authors:   Montana State University, Stewart Tobin
Published: January 2023

Sight reading music can be a daunting endeavor for aspiring, and even experienced, musicians. Foundational Sight Singing was created to provide a systematic approach to learn to read, hear and perform music. The ordered presentation of both melodies and rhythms in this text helps students develop accuracy and fluency in sight singing which is a fundamental skill for all musicians. It is a text for developing proficiency in reading and sight singing that can be used in a variety of contexts from individual practice to choral or instrumental ensemble rehearsals to college ear training courses. Multiple exercises are provided for drilling and practice at each level throughout the text to grow the students’ fluency and proficiency in reading and performing pitch and rhythm. This text will help students build a solid foundation upon which they can establish mastery.
Czy można zmieniać Konstytucję RP w czasie pandemii - przyczynek do dyskusji
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Stępień-Załucka Beata
Published: January 2023

In this speech I will present the role and importance of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland in maintaining certainty and stability of the law and system. Considerations in this regard will serve to verify the thesis that the duration of a pandemic is not appropriate for making changes. Then, the arguments justifying the thesis will be presented, based, on the one hand, on the history and reality of the extraordinary situation that occurs - the pandemic, and on the other hand, based on the legislative experience from the period of the ongoing pandemic. Their examination will allow to highlight the doubts related to the amendment of the Basic Law in a specific, extraordinary time - the period of the pandemic, and the shortcomings of the legislative mode, which was used by the legislature during the pandemic.
Constitutional Identity and its Functions
Authors:   Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Granat Mirosław
Published: January 2023

This article is the result of the scientific meeting organized by the KUL, in June 2021, concerning the topic of the constitutional identity. One of the intriguing problems in constitutional law is just the problem of constitutional identity. Constitutional Identity has three functions. The most important consistent that identity determines the “core” or “nucleus” of each constitution. The answer to radical question “what is the preambule to the Polish Constitution for?” should be that it mostly serves to express constitutional identity. This the basic function of this part of the Polish Constitution. Above all, constitutional identity “emerges” from national identity. Both identities are connected with each other in the preambule of the Polish Constitution.
The Impact of the Norm of the Polish Constitution Establishing the Lay Participation in the Administration of Justice on the Rule of Law in Poland
Authors:   Mykolas Romeris University, Dementavičienė Simona
Published: January 2023

In Western legal traditions, democracy is inseparable from the rule of law, which presupposes the state to establish an effective and transparent judicial system that guarantees human rights and freedoms. The involvement of Lay Participation in the administration of justice (lay judges (mixed tribunal) or justices of the peace (magistrates) is one of the instruments for achieving this objective. The constitutions of the fourteen EU Member States, including Poland, oblige some Lay Participation in the administration of justice. However, the formulations of the norms in the constitutions, establishing Lay Participation in the administration of justice, differ. Based on the analysis of the Polish case, the article focuses on the question whether it would be sufficient to establish a relevant general provision in the Constitution, leaving the specification (form and extent of Lay Participation) to the legislator. The case of Poland has shown that the legislator can, without amending the Constitution, introduce other forms of Lay Participation (such as justices of the peace) or/and extend the extent of Lay Participation to judicial disciplinary cases when they are elected by the legislature; however, this poses a threat to the rule of law in Poland. Therefore, the article aims at discussing the impact of the Polish constitutional regulation of the Lay Participation on the violation of the rule of law.
Glosa do uchwały Sądu Najwyższego z 28 maja 2021 r., sygn. akt III CZP 27/20
Authors:   Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Trzewik Jacek
Published: January 2023

The glossed resolution has a significant impact on the catalogue of legal measures for environmental protection. Since the personal and collective dimensions of environmental protection are not in conflict, and the related private and public interests are based on a common value as the environment, seeking protection of individual rights threatened or violated as a result of environmental impact may constitute an important means of indirect legal protection of the environment and its resources, competitive to direct measures taken in the public interest. However, the reasoning of the Supreme Court indicated in the justification of the resolution raises certain doubts and may have significant consequences for the manner of interpretation of the provisions of the environmental protection law system.
Droga do i od demokracji – polskie doświadczenia ustrojowe
Authors:   Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Balicki Ryszard
Published: January 2023

In many European countries, a crisis of the democratic model of exercising power is noticeable today. This phenomenon is also noticeable in Poland. In the article, the author presents the Polish road to democratic shaping of one’s own, referring to historical experiences from the times of the II RP and PRL. It also draws attention to the moment of a specific breakthrough, which took place in 2015. Since then, the rulers have taken steps to overcome the constitutional mechanisms that inhibit the arbitrariness of exercising power and are striving to centralize governments within one political camp.
Ograniczenia wolności wypowiedzi z uwagi na przesłankę „ochrony zdrowia”. Kilka uwag inspirowanych pandemią SARS-CoV-2 w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Biłgorajski Artur
Published: January 2023

There is no question that “health protection” is the premise for the establishment of constitutional restrictions on rights and freedoms. It has been so far the subject of legal science only exceptionally and occasionally; mainly in the context of restrictions on the freedom of economic activity. It was only the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the Republic of Poland that brought a wider interest in this category, referring it also to the limitations of another fundamental freedom – freedom of expression. Considering the above, the analysis of legal limitations on the freedom of expression, imposed on the basis of the premise of health protection, seems to be by all means justified and purposeful.
Filozoficzno-teoretyczne spojrzenie na znaczenie kadencyjności
Authors:   Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Ławniczak Artur
Published: January 2023

The author analyzes two approaches to the terms of office of the authorities. The study discusses the evolution of thinking about terms of office, which took place not only in doctrine, law, religion, but also in the understanding of people in power.
Zarządzanie kryzysowe w czasach epidemii a ograniczenie wolności i praw człowieka i obywatela
Authors:   Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Skoczylas Dominika
Published: January 2023

The aim of this arcticle is to indicate how the epidemic threat may affect the crisis management, mainly in the administrative terms. The subject of the study covers the definition of the principles of crisis management and possible restrictions on human and civil liberties and rights at the time of an epidemic threat. The analysis of the topic will allow to answer the questions: “is the public administration able to ensure the safety of citizens in times of epidemics?” and “do the current and so far introduced legal regulations in connection with the coronavirus epidemic significantly restrict the rights and freedoms of citizens?”.The first part of the work presents issues related to crisis management and public safety. In the second, the rules of managing national security due to the spread of the coronavirus will be discussed.
Dwukadencyjność organów wykonawczych w gminach – ograniczenie praw obywatelskich czy ograniczenie zjawisk patologicznych?
Authors:   Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, Springer Beata , Jarosz Adam J. ,   Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Published: January 2023

The phenomenon of multiterm mayors has become widespread in Poland, especially after introducing the direct election of the executive in municipalities in 2002. The direct election has given the mayors the dominant position in local politics. The way to limit it has seemed to be the limitation of number of terms in office of the municipal executive bodies to two. In the presented paper the arguments of opponents and supporters of this solution were analyzed. The analysis was made from the perspective of two levels: institutional- legal and socio-political. The aim of the analysis is to show the positives and negatives of the implemented change and the projected effects. The legal basis, its compliance with the constitution and the implications for the active and passive suffrage were analyzed. Also the results for local political systems and for local communities were examined, and it was confronted with the issue of political culture.
Podział władzy w Republice Cypryjskiej pomiędzy społeczność grecką i turecką jako prawnoustrojowa odpowiedź państwa na jego strukturę etniczną
Authors:   Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Wereszko Wojciech
Published: January 2023

The ethnic structure of the state is one of the factors that can shape its system and result in the adoption of various specific legal mechanisms. The aim of this article is to present, on the example of the Republic of Cyprus, an unusual legal system solution consisting in the proportional division of power, i.e. positions and offices in the state, between the dominant ethnic groups. The analysis will concern selected provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus, which refer to the Greek and Turkish communities living in Cyprus and regulate the level and manner of their participation in exercising power in the state. The uniqueness of the constitutional solutions adopted in Cyprus will be emphasized, which, in order to ensure the unity of the state and constitute significant guarantees for ethnic groups, may in practice, however, turn out to be non- -functional or lead to distortions.
Konstytucyjny obowiązek ochrony granic RP w świetle kryzysu na granicy z Białorusią
Authors:   Akademia Sztuki Wojennej, Stańczuk Izabela
Published: January 2023

The duty of each state established by internal law is to protect its borders. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland, referring to the need to ensure the integrity of the territory and the security and inviolability of its borders, gives this duty priority. The crisis on the Polish-Belarusian border poses a serious threat to both the Baltic countries and the European Union. The methods and means used to end it are primarily intended to ensure border security, which is a particularly difficult task given the hybrid nature of the actions carried out by Belarus. The possibility of response and reaction of Polish services is limited by the need to respect human rights, international law regulations and democratic rules, which the Republic of Belarus does not feel bound by. The use of the state of emergency made it possible to focus efforts on combating the crisis, but the question arises how the situation will develop after it is lifted.
The Institution of Election Silence in Political Preferences
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Marszałek-Kawa Joanna
Published: January 2023

Election silence is the time when any form of political campaigning is banned. It is the time that should be spent on peaceful reflection before making a conscious and well- -thought electoral decision. The aim of this paper is to seek the answer to the question whether Polish voters – in the era of development of modern information and communication technologies – find it rational to have the institution of election silence as an element of the electoral system. In the article, I present the findings of the study carried out as part of a nationwide project, Political Preferences. The research was conducted in autumn 2019 by way of a survey method on the representative random sample of 1,072 adult residents of Poland.
Stan wyjątkowy w Republice Włoskiej w czasie pandemii Covid-19 – aspekty konstytucyjne
Authors:   Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie, Wojtaszewska Aleksandra
Published: January 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic forced European Union member states to introduce modern European standards regarding human rights and the rule of law in an unprecedented crisis. In 2020 Italy was the first affected country in Europe. Italian authorities, forced to take new and more stringent measures to contain the virus’s expansion, have introduced a state of emergency that may last until 2022. From a constitutional law perspective, the coronavirus emphasizes the need to consider the Italian “emergency constitution”. The ongoing health crisis gives rise to some reflections on the lack of an articulated crisis framework in the Italian constitution and whether existing tools are adequate to face of contemporary threats. This article discusses the Italian Constitution and other laws in the country relating to the state of emergency during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Instytucja recall – narzędzie demokracji czy zabawka w rękach opozycji?
Authors:   Uniwersytet Łódzki, Domańska Aldona
Published: January 2023

The subject of the study is one of the institutions of direct democracy sensu stricto – recall, which operates in Poland at the level of local government. This article is an attempt to answer the question whether this institution should be introduced into the Polish legal system at the national level. In order to answer the above question, it is necessary to present the principles of the functioning of this institution in other countries. The use of the comparative legal method allows for the submission of a postulate to introduce such an institution into the Polish legal system. However, only practice would show whether it would become another form of direct democracy or a tool in the hands of the opposition.
The Jordanian National Charter of 1991 – a Specific Constitutional Experiment
Authors:   University of Rzeszów, Wróblewski Bartosz
Published: January 2023

After thirty years of authoritarian leadership of king Hussein I in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in 1989 the first general election since 1967 was held. In 1991 in Amman the Jordanian National Charter was legislated. This document was a declaration of civil rights and the rules governing the society. Thanks to the Charter the multiparty system was restored. It needs to be stated, however, that the legislation of this act indicated legal nihilism of Jordanian society. The card apparently met the postulates of most ideological groups. Simultaneously, it did not replace the constitution in force and its statements were mutually contradictive. An attempt was made to combine European ideas of democracy and freedom with the rules of Islam. What is even more important is that the relationship between the king and social representatives was not specified. Eventually, the Charter facilitated the King’s political game.
Nowelizacja ustawy o Sądzie Najwyższym z 9 czerwca 2022 r. – zmiana prawdziwa czy pozorna?
Authors:   Uniwersytet Gdański, Grajewski Krzysztof
Published: January 2023

This paper is devoted to the Act of June 9, 2022 amending the Act on the Supreme Court and certain other acts. Despite the liquidation of the Disciplinary Chamber of the Supreme Court, the analysis of this act leads to the conclusion that the Polish legislator petrifies the unconstitutional judicial appointments. Judges appointed to the Supreme Court with the participation of the National Council of the Judiciary, formed according to unconstitutional rules, will be able to continue to exercise judicial functions in that court. In addition, the unconstitutional procedure for the appointment of judges remains unchanged.
Pojęcie odpowiedzialności represyjnej (art. 42 Konstytucji) a prawo łaski Prezydenta RP
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Śliwiński Emil
Published: January 2023

The aim of this article is to discover in relation to which sanction it is possible to exercise the right of pardon (art. 139 of the Constitution). Basing on the systemic interpretation of the Constitution, the author argues that the power of pardon is the ‘reverse’ of the notion of repressive liability inferred from art. 42 of the Constitution. Consequently, in relation to all repressive sanctions within the meaning of art. 42 of the Constitution it is allowed to grant a pardon. Therefore it is possible to claim that a power of pardon can be applied to, inter alia, disciplinary penalties, lustration penalties, administrative monetary penalties, tax surcharges and penalties imposed on collective entities. Challenges for the doctrine of law – including possible collisions between exercising power of pardon and other constitutional provisions – are indicated.
Propozycja uregulowania statusu prawnego małżonka Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Ożóg Michał
Published: January 2023

The aim of this paper is to outline a proposal for the regulation of the most important issues regarding the status of the spouse of the President of the Republic of Poland. The text includes a proposal to adopt a law, which would define the tasks and competences, support apparatus and financing of the activities of the spouse of the Head of State. Specific issues concerning the linguistic determination of the spouse of the President of the Republic of Poland are presented, together with alternative formulas. The analysis also deals with the admissibility of taking up employment by the spouse of the President of the Republic of Poland. Regulation of the legal position of the President of the Republic of Poland is also presented from the perspective of the issue of sources of law. The paper applies a dogmatic method and refers to the practice of foreign countries.
A Survey on Understanding and Representing Privacy Requirements in the Internet-of-Things
Authors: Ogunniye Gideon , Kokciyan Nadin
Published: January 2023

People are interacting with online systems all the time. In order to use the services being provided, they give consent for their data to be collected. This approach requires too much human effort and is impractical for systems like Internet-of-Things (IoT) where human-device interactions can be large. Ideally, privacy assistants can help humans make privacy decisions while working in collaboration with them. In our work, we focus on the identification and representation of privacy requirements in IoT to help privacy assistants better understand their environment. In recent years, more focus has been on the technical aspects of privacy. However, the dynamic nature of privacy also requires a representation of social aspects (e.g., social trust). In this survey paper, we review the privacy requirements represented in existing IoT ontologies. We discuss how to extend these ontologies with new requirements to better capture privacy, and we introduce case studies to demonstrate the applicability of the novel requirements.
CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER OF HEAT SINKS WITH PARTIALLY CUT PLATE FINS AND TURNING OF THEIR CUT SECTIONS
Authors: Baranova T. A. , Zhukova Yu. V. , Chorny Andrei D. , Terekh A. M. , Rudenko A. I.
Published: January 2023

Plate-fin heat sinks are widely used for cooling radio electronic, power electronic, and telecommunication components. The current trends in the development of radio and microelectronic systems dictate the need to dissipate large heat fluxes. The present article uses the methods of numerical simulation, verified by experimental data, to study convective heat transfer of different-type heat sinks with partially cut plate fins. The heat sink with partially cut plate fins served as the basis of study. Three types of heat sinks with extended surfaces were also considered. First, we analyzed the fin cut section turned at an angle of 30° and then - the fin cut section with diverging or converging shape. Comparing the thermal and hydraulic performance of such heat sinks showed that the thermal and hydraulic performance of heat sinks with a fin cut section with diverging shape at a turning angle of 30° is by 10% higher than that of heat sinks with partially cut plate fins. As the velocity distribution in the wake shows, the use of heat sinks with partially cut plate fins and turning of their cut sections for cooling real microelectronic devices needs to correctly design an installation, in which the device is located.
ANALYSIS OF IN-CYLINDER FLOW FIELDS USING PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION-BASED QUADRUPLE DECOMPOSITION
Authors: Nayek Soumyanil , Velugula Ravi , Mittal Mayank
Published: January 2023

In order to meet increasingly stringent emission norms coupled with a heightened requirement of performance, there has been an unabated effort toward improvement in the combustion process of modern internal combustion engines. One of the major impediments of enhanced combustion in spark-ignited port fueled engines are combustion variations. These variations are especially dominant at low-load, low-speed operations. Cycle-to-cycle variation (CCV) in in-cylinder flow fields is one of the major contributors of such combustion variations. Therefore, in this work, CCV of in-cylinder flow fields of an optical port fuel injection engine was analyzed at part load (50% throttle opening) and low speed (1200 rpm) with the help of proper orthogonal decomposition. Flow fields were subsequently decomposed into four components, namely, mean, coherent, transition, and turbulent parts. CCV of flow fields was studied using several metrics based on kinetic energy and the relevance index. It was found that the share of mean energy is a better metric for CCV quantification based on kinetic energy. Interestingly, it was observed that the mean part, though consistent in its flow structure for various cycles, has a lot of variation in kinetic energy at early compression stroke. Also, a weak mean flow coupled with a strong coherent flow structure opposing the mean flow produces the largest deviation in a flow field from its corresponding ensemble-averaged field. Furthermore, even though the coherent and transition parts are comprised of comparable energy, it was the coherent part that showed large variations in kinetic energy. Hence, the mean and coherent parts are mainly responsible for CCV in flow fields.
The Practicality and Effectiveness of Soccer Scoring Techniques Revealed by Top Elite Soccer Scorers
Authors: Shan Gongbing
Published: January 2023

Background: Although there are 43 soccer scoring techniques (SSTs) identified in the elite soccer games, most of them are overlooked by the current coaching practice. Obviously, the lack of scientific quantification on the fundamental issues related to SSTs could be one of the reasons for the crisis. Therefore, improving coaching practice requires efforts on fundamental researches to supply evidences that can be used to better guide the SST research and the development of SST training systems. Two of the fundamental aspects are the practicality and effectiveness of SSTs. The current study aims to uncover these two aspects. Method: All repeated nominees of the FIFA Puskás Award were selected as study subjects. The terminology system and the identification method developed by Zhang in 2021 were applied in scoring video analysis of the subjects’ career goals. The percentage of goal obtained by each SST (practicality) and ball possessions before shooting for each goal (effectiveness) were determined to reveal the SSTs’ practicality and shooting effectiveness of the top elite scorers. In total, 2315 goals were quantified. Results and Conclusion: The study has unveiled: 1) the practicality is increased if a SST can be applied in shots under all-body-orientation regardless of the ball spatial position at the instant of shooting, 2) the practicality is also associated with the SSTs that can provide either sudden change of ball motion direction at the instant of shooting or unpredictable ball flight, 3) the effectiveness is linked to shots taken with no or one setting of the ball, and 4) the practicality and effectiveness do not always go along with each other and anthropometrically-dependent characteristics should be considered in SST development. As the 1st pilot investigation on the topic, this study would supply a foundation and rich food for speculative thoughts in further explorations that aim to innovatively develop SSTs’ training systems in the future.
Susret s ocem op-arta Victorom Vasarelyjem, restauratorska i
povijesno-umjetnička istraživanja te konzervatorsko-restauratorski radovi na
kolažu Barson
Authors: Begić Jarić Majda , Budicin Munišević Marta
Published: January 2023

Otac op-arta Victor Vasarely autor je kolaža od papira naziva Barson u vlasništvu Muzeja suvremene umjetnosti u Zagrebu što je jedini takav primjerak u hrvatskim javnim ustanovama u kulturi. Kolaž je nastao 1967. godine tehnikom sitotiska na papiru lijepljenom na papirnatu podlogu i potom na lesonit velikih dimenzija, a na njegov su nastanak utjecali onodobni vodeći objektivistički umjetnički i filozofski pravci i spoznaje pod čijim je utjecajem Vasarely stvarao svoja djela. Kolaž je zatečen vrlo prašnjav i s mnogim oštećenjima po cijeloj površini papirnatog nosioca, poput krakelira, rasušenih i odlijepljenih dijelova te tragova djelovanja insekata. Djela optičke umjetnosti podrazumijevaju neometanu percepciju umjetnine koja je u slučaju kolaža Barson, uslijed nastalih oštećenja, bila onemogućena. Stoga su izvedeni konzervatorsko-restauratorski radovi koji su obuhvatili opsežna istraživanja i brojne probe, a potom i suho čišćenje, podljepljivanje obaju slojeva papirnatog nosioca, odstranjivanje tragova insekata te nužni, minimalni retuš. Pripadajući drveni okvir očišćen je od sloja prašine, a manji, nedostajući dio rekonstruiran je istom vrstom drva te završno retuširan.
Forty-Four Questions I Would Like to Ask Bronchiolitis Guideline Writers and Researchers
Authors:   Division Chief of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of South Alabama, 307 N University Blvd, Mobile, AL 36688, USA, Mellick Larry B.
Published: January 2023

As a clinician and academician with front-line experience in the management of the bronchiolitis syndrome, I have previously published opinions about the bronchiolitis guidelines.
Association of Gestational Hypertension and Eclampsia to Maternal Smoking by Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index Status Among Aged 20-29-Years in the United States
Authors:   Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada, Bihun Holly , Liu Jian ,   Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
Published: January 2023

Objective To investigate whether gestational hypertension (GH) and/or eclampsia was associated with the timing of maternal smoking when stratified by pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) status. Study Design and Methods 1,376,271 US-born mothers aged 20-29 from the 2019 infant natality data who had a singleton birth (20+ weeks of gestation) were analyzed in this study. Maternal smoking status was defined into five groups, i.e., non-smokers, quitted smoking before pregnancy, quitted smoking before the 2nd trimester, quitted smoking before the 3rd trimester, and smoked whole-time. Odds ratios (ORs) of GH or eclampsia were estimated separately using multiple logistic regression for maternal smoking by pBMI status (kg/m2): underweight (<18.5), normal (18.5≤25.0), overweight (25.0≤30.0), and obese (≥30.0). Results Compared to non-smokers, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of GH for mothers who quit before pregnancy with pBMI underweight, normal, overweight, and obese were 1.17 (0.92-1.49), 1.11 (1.03-1.19), 1.13 (1.05-1.22), 1.13 (1.08-1.19), respectively. While the ORs (95% CIs) of GH for mothers who smoked for the entirety of their pregnancy were 0.71 (0.60-0.84), 0.80 (0.75-0.84), 0.79 (0.74-0.84), and 0.82 (0.78-0.85), respectively. The adjusted ORs for eclampsia showed a different pattern, only that for mothers who smoked for their whole pregnancy with normal and obese showed significantly (0.69 (0.53-0.91) for normal weight, 0.73 (0.58-0.92) for obese). Conclusion In comparison to non-smokers, an increase in the odds of GH were observed amongst normal, overweight, and obese mothers quitting before pregnancy meanwhile a decreased odds were observed amongst mothers smoking throughout pregnancy in all pBMI classes.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells—Derived Stem Cells: A Promising Tool for Disease Modeling
Authors:   Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit 48202, MI, USA, Parasar Parveen
Published: January 2023

Stem cells possess potential to undergo self-renewability giving rise to any cell type in the body known as pluripotency. This process, also known as differentiation, through which stem cells undergo several morphologic and genetic changes resulting in daughter cell lineages. The end point lineage depends on the growth and differentiation induction factors or proteins added to in vitro stem cell culture. These stem cells can be of embryonic source (embryonic stem cells (ESCs)) derived from the inner cell mass of embryo or induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) which are produced from reprogrammed somatic cells in the body.1 In this commentary, we will focus on iPSCs and their contribution to disease modeling in the context of reproductive disorders.