bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trust-in-government and social economic norms: assessing the heterogeneity of consumers in the USA and Mexico using the VBN theory
Authors: Robles-Avila Sergio Enrique , Sakib Md Nazmus
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The improper disposal of potentially harmful products is a problem that affects both developed and emerging countries. Using the Values-Beliefs-Norms (VBN) theory, this research attempts to uncover the key differences and similarities between both contexts and to extend the theory to include trust-in-government (TIG) as a moderating variable.

Design/methodology/approach

The data used in this study were drawn from two samples: Mexicans and Americans by administering a paper and pencil survey. To test the conceptual model and to contrast the results, partial least squares (PLS-SEM) and multigroup analysis were used.

Findings

This research finds that consumers in emerging countries like Mexico are less likely to act on their beliefs to engage in protesting behaviors when confronted with an environmental problem such as the improper disposal of potentially harmful products. Consumers on both sides of the border are more likely to engage in consumer activism behaviors if social economic norms (SEN) are considered. Furthermore, the multi-group analysis revealed that US consumers' TIG moderates the relationship between awareness of consequences (AC) and consumer activism intention (CAI) contrasting with Mexican consumers where such moderating relationship does not exist.

Originality/value

This research makes a significant contribution to the literature by evaluating TIG as an important predictor of consumer activism behaviors. TIG can significantly affect consumer activism behaviors in the United States, but not in Mexico. It also demonstrates that SEN rather than social benefit norms (SBN) can trigger CAI in both samples.
What is a retail brand - a systematic review of terms and definitions
Authors: Chen Shaoyuan , Wang Pengji , Wood Jacob
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Although many scholars have acknowledged inconsistencies in the use of the retail brand term within the existing empirical literature, no one has conducted a systematic study to clarify the confusion of terms. Aiming at unifying the use of terms, this study aims to explore the terms that best express each retail brand concept, and discusses the definitions of proposed terms that can distinguish the connotation of different retail brand concepts.

Design/methodology/approach

Through a systematic review, 463 articles were obtained, from which retail brand terms and their definitions were further extracted. Semantic analysis and content analysis were adopted to analyze terms and definitions, respectively.

Findings

Semantically, the terms that best express four levels of retail brand concepts are own product brand, store brand, platform brand and retailer brand. Six key elements to distinguish different levels of a retail brand are identified through the content analysis of definitions, and on this basis, four proposed terms are defined.

Originality/value

Noting that no study focuses on the conceptual confusion of retail brands in recent decades, the findings are expected to clarify the confusion of terms and unify the use of terms, hence facilitating the communication between scholars and the sharing of research results.
Assessment and valuation of technologies, development and application of Valorativo software
Authors: Freitas Robson Almeida Borges De , Oliveira Junior Antonio Martins de
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Although Public Research Institutions (PRIs) are large technology producers, they lack automated information tools that follow technical and scientific criteria for assessing and valuing patents. The assessment and valuation processes are stages of technology transfer (TT) that make it possible to obtain productive arrangements and guide the efforts of those involved in the development, maintenance and negotiation. This study aims to analyze the hybrid model of assessment and valuation of technologies by Soares (2018), applying the ‘Valorativo' software. In addition to patent value and indicator scores, the methods allow an understanding of the technology portfolio and its management.

Design/methodology/approach

This research is quali-quantitative, following an approach of applied nature and descriptive objectives. The research has bibliographical, documental and case study features based on the software development methodologies described in the study and the theoretical framework.

Findings

The Valorativo software assisted in the analysis of ten patents on PRIs. With the data collection and patent analysis, PAT1 scored highest among engineering patents, PAT3 scored highest among pharmaceutical patents and PAT10 scored highest among biotechnology patents. Five of the assessed patents resulted in a surplus of net present value (NPV), final net present value (NPVF) and royalties; revenue expectations outpaced investments.

Practical implications

The authors based the developed software on Soares’s (2018) methodology, with additional calculations and graphs. The Web software and the spreadsheet with Visual Basic for Application (VBA) were developed to deal with the patents assessment and valuation, helping in the analysis of their Legal Value, Technological Value and Market Conditions in the assessment process, and the Discounted Cash Flow and NPV in the valuation process.

Originality/value

The software helps with patent analysis and can generate indicators for traders, technology holders and researchers. Thus, it was necessary to understand and develop a theoretical-applied framework to outline and replicate the methodology clearly and easily.
Embedded agency in competitive environments: distribution of new occupations for data-oriented practices
Authors: Kim Jaemin , Greiner Michael , Miree Cynthia
Published: March 2023

Purpose

In competitive environments, explicitly seeking institutional changes to adopt a new technology, rather than exploiting current resources, can harm more than help organizations’ efforts to achieve their performance goals. However, institutionally embedded organizations often respond to the introduction of industry disruptive technology in counterproductive ways. This paper aims to study the paradox of embedded agency in competitive environments and explore the diffusion of new occupations associated with data analytics.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses the context of the Major League Baseball where the digital platform, PITCHf/x, implemented during 2006 and 2007 seasons facilitated the professional baseball clubs to create occupations for data analytics.

Findings

This study found that long-term low performance of organizations resulted in creating occupations for a new technology and deploying professionals to them and the public media’s negative tenor mediated the relationship between the signal of institutional inefficiency and such a boundary work in a competitive environment.

Originality/value

This research enriches our understanding of the early disperse of a new occupation in the times of the emergence of digital platform by exploring the temporal attributes of organizational performance and the role of public media as the antecedents to embedded agency.
An investigation of how physical literacy is enacted in primary physical education
Authors: Bartle Gillian
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This research investigated how students are becoming teachers of primary school (ages 5–11) physical education (PE), using a physical literacy (PL) approach (Whitehead, 2010). Primarily methodological, the purpose was to disrupt how to investigate this topic since research highlights that the philosophy underpinning PL makes the concept difficult to operationalize (Shearer et al., 2018).

Design/methodology/approach

PE settings are inherently lively, and the author retained this in the analytic insights from what she called a “methodological meshwork” (Law, 2004; Ingold, 2006). Informed by phenomenology, posthumanism and sociomaterialism, data gathering included observations, interviews with artefacts, with humans, and tweets as part of the methodological meshwork. Diagrammatic presentations accompany written text, whilst also doing work in themselves (Decuypere and Simon, 2016). The author followed the actors (Adams and Thompson, 2016), thus entered the middle of data, such as lesson plan or physical education equipment.

Findings

Onto-epistemological entanglements (Barad, 2007) are presented in an interweaving format. Thus, theory is discussed alongside the empirical and shows that a PL informed approach to PE is evident in multiple places-spaces.

Originality/value

Broader issues are raised about methodological assumptions that inform investigations of PL and practice generally. It is hoped that these may be relevant to a wider professional audience as well as those in physical and teacher education.
Upscaling brand image: UNIQLO Japan
Authors: Taira Yuri , Hardisty David J. , Basto da Silva Rui Jorge B.
Published: March 2023

Research methodology

The authors analyzed data and information mainly from the company’s annual reports and the books written by the CEO.

Case overview/synopsis

How and when can a “value” brand upscale its brand image? In the wake of the financial crisis of 2007–2008, UNIQLO – Japan’s street fashion brand – considered introducing a new brand collaboration. They needed to capture the attention of younger, more fashionable consumers. However, people were tightening their spending as they faced uncertainties related to their jobs and wealth. Even though UNIQLO had had a steady growth in sales for the previous 24 years, it was questionable whether it was strategically a good time to launch a premium brand collaboration. And if so, who was the right partner? High-end designer Jil Sander, fashionable New York-based Theory or emerging French “casual luxury” brand Comptoir des Cotonniers?

Complexity academic level

This case is about the challenges faced by a low-priced brand to collaborate with a high-end brand to enhance the brand image. It explores the important elements to take into consideration when evaluating launching collaboration using the high-end brand’s name. The students will learn how to examine the risks and benefits of creating a new image for the core brand. If the students had learnt branding or brand extension before, this case can be used to teach how consumer’s perception affects brand extension and the target market’s impact on pricing and distribution strategies. It can be used for a marketing course at the MBA level to explore the concepts in a growing company’s brand image or an undergraduate specialized course in brand management or marketing management. The students also learn how the fashion industry’s supply chain management works to adapt to rapidly changing fashion trends.
Business and Management Studies in the United Kingdom's 2021 Research Excellence Framework: Implications for Research Quality Assessment
Authors: Blackburn Robert , Dibb Sally , Tonks Ian
Published: March 2023

Evaluating research is an established part of the research process, as funding agencies and governments seek to raise its quality and performance. The United Kingdom's Research Excellence Framework 2021 (REF2021) was the eighth formal assessment of research in UK universities. In Business and Management Studies (B&M), Sub‐Panel 17, 108 universities submitted 16,038 research outputs and 539 impact case studies covering the period 2014–2020. Submissions were assessed by a panel of academic researchers and research users, nominated by a range of academic constituencies. The outcome was that the quality of UK research in B&M continues to improve since REF2014. The quality profile for REF2021 had 79% of research assessed as 3* (internationally excellent) and 4* (world‐leading). The paper explains and reports on our experiences of the peer review process, analyses the outcomes and discusses the state of research within the discipline. Subsequently, we consider the wider implications of the REF process, its methodologies and impacts, contributing to the debate about research quality in universities. The paper concludes with support for peer review and expresses caution against the automation of research quality assessment.
Effect of protein–starch interactions on starch retrogradation and implications for food product quality
Authors: Scott Gabrielle , Awika Joseph M.
Published: March 2023

Starch retrogradation is a consequential part of food processing that greatly impacts the texture and acceptability of products containing both starch and proteins, but the effect of proteins on starch retrogradation has only recently been explored. With the increased popularity of plant‐based proteins in recent years, incorporation of proteins into starch‐based products is more commonplace. These formulation changes may have unforeseen effects on ingredient functionality and sensory outcomes of starch‐containing products during storage, which makes the investigation of protein–starch interactions and subsequent impact on starch retrogradation and product quality essential. Protein can inhibit or promote starch retrogradation based on its exposed residues. Charged residues promote charge–dipole interactions between starch‐bound phosphate and protein, hydrophobic groups restrict amylose release and reassociation, while hydrophilic groups impact water/molecular mobility. Covalent bonds (disulfide linkages) formed between proteins may enhance starch retrogradation, while glycosidic bonds formed between starch and protein during high‐temperature processing may limit starch retrogradation. With these protein–starch interactions in mind, products can be formulated with proteins that enhance or delay textural changes in starch‐containing products. Future work to understand the impact of starch–protein interactions on retrogradation should focus on integrating the fields of proteomics and carbohydrate chemistry. This interdisciplinary approach should result in better methods to characterize mechanisms of interaction between starch and proteins to optimize their food applications. This review provides useful interpretations of current literature characterizing the mechanistic effect of protein on starch retrogradation.
The role of ultrasound synovitis scores for patients who are at risk of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Yen Tsai‐Hung , Wu Yi‐Da , Chen Hsin‐Hua , Tseng Chih‐Wei , Chen Yi‐Hsin , Chen Yi‐Ming , Lai Kuo‐Lung
Published: March 2023

Objectives

The development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been classified into 6 phases A–F according to the present risk factors in sequence of genes, environments, autoimmunity, arthralgia and joint swelling. To clarify the ultrasound synovitis scores in at‐risk patients (phases C–E) and RA (phase F).

Methods

Patients who had been experiencing hand joint symptoms for at least 6 weeks and asymptomatic patients with positive rheumatoid factor and/or anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies were enrolled. A 40‐joint ultrasonography with semiquantitative synovitis scoring for gray scale (GS) and power Doppler (PD) images was performed.

Results

A total of 139 patients were enrolled and classified into non‐RA, phase C, phase D, phase E and phase F. Total GS scores in phases C (17.4 ± 7.0), D (16.0 ± 5.4), E (18.5 ± 7.7) and F (21.8 ± 9.1) were higher than those in non‐RA (9.8 ± 4.0, P < 0.001). The total PD score in phase F (3.1 ± 4.6) was higher than that in phases C (0.2 ± 0.5), D (0.1 ± 0.4), and E (0.1 ± 0.3), as well as in non‐RA (0.0 ± 0.0, P < 0.01). A total GS score ≥14 differentiated patients at risk for RA from patients with non‐RA (area under curve [AUC] 0.82), while a total PD score ≥2 differentiated patients with RA from patients at risk for RA (AUC 0.71).

Conclusion

Total GS score may differentiate patients at risk for RA from non‐RA patients, while total PD score may differentiate patients with RA from those who are at risk for RA.
Oncogenic zinc finger protein ZNF687 accelerates lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and tumor progression by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Li Mingchun , Liu Zhihua , Hou Zan , Wang Xiangcai , Shi Huaqiu , Li Yamei , Xiao Xuewen , Tang Zhixian , Yang Jianqiong , Luo Yaoling , Zhang Minhong , Chen Ming
Published: March 2023

Background

Zinc finger protein 687 (ZNF687) has previously been discovered as a potential oncogene in individuals with giant cell tumors of the bone, acute myeloid leukemia, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, its role and mechanism in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unclear.

Methods

In LUAD cells, tumor, and matched adjacent tissue specimens, quantitative real‐time RT‐ polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), western blotting analyses, and immunohistochemistry staining (IHC) were conducted. Cell counting kit‐8 (CCK8) assay, clonogenicity analysis, flow cytometry, and transwell assays were utilized to detect ZNF687 overexpression and knockdown impacts on cell growth, colony formation, cell cycle, migration, and invasion. Bioinformatic studies, qRT‐PCR and western blotting studies were employed to validate the underlying mechanisms and signaling pathways implicated in the oncogenic effect of ZNF687.

Results

This study demonstrated that ZNF687 expression was elevated in LUAD cells and tissues. Individuals with upregulated ZNF687 had a poorer prognosis than those with downregulatedZNF687 (p < 0.001). ZNF687 overexpression enhanced LUAD growth, migration, invasion and colony formation, and the cell cycle G1‐S transition; additionally, it promoted the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). In contrast, knocking down ZNF687 showed to have the opposite impact. Moreover, these effects were associated with the activity of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling mechanism.

Conclusion

ZNF687 was upregulated in LUAD, and high ZNF687 expression levels are associated with poor prognoses. The activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by upregulated ZNF687 increased the proliferation of LUAD cells and tumor progression. ZNF687 may be a beneficial predictive marker and a therapeutic target in LUAD.
The disruption of white matter integrity of systemic striatal circuits in alcohol‐dependent males with physiological cue reactivity
Authors: Wu Fei , Dong Ping , Wu Guowei , Deng Jiahui , Gao Xuejiao , Song Xiaopeng , Yuan Junliang , Sun Hongqiang
Published: March 2023

Alcohol dependence (AD) is a chronic and relapsing disorder. Conditioned cues associated with the rewarding properties of drugs could trigger motivational/physiological reactions and render subjects vulnerable to relapse. Striatal circuit dysfunction has been implicated in alcohol addiction behaviours. However, little is known about the striatal tracts structural connectivity changes underlying cue induced reactivity in AD. In our present study, we recruited 51 patients with AD; 31 individuals had physiological response. We used seed‐based classification by probabilistic tractography with nine target masks to explore the white matter integrity of striatal circuits in physiological responders (N = 31), non‐responders (N = 20), and healthy controls (N = 27). Compared with healthy controls, physiological responders showed lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and/or higher mean diffusivity in the striatum‐dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), striatum‐ventral lateral prefrontal cortex, striatum‐supplementary motor area (SMA), and striatum‐insular. Considering age and smoking are potential nuisances to diffusion parameters, an analysis of covariance also was conducted and similar results were found. We also found the cue‐induced physiological response was negatively associated with the FA of the striatum‐SMA (r = −0.287; p = 0.045) and left striatum‐dlPFC (r = −0.253; p = 0.079) in AD. In our study, we found abnormal integrity of striatal circuit structural connectivity in AD with physiological cue reactivity, especially trajectory from prefrontal cortex and insular. We also found the FA of striatal tracks was negatively associated with the degree of cue reactivity. Our findings provide further evidence for reduced white matter integrity of striatal circuits for cue reactivity in male individuals with AD.
Economic cost of secondary postpartum haemorrhage: A case–control study at a tertiary hospital in Australia
Authors: Young Nicole , Quinlivan Julie , Fox Rachael , Anderson Jess , Davis Laura , Mooney Samantha S.
Published: March 2023

Background

Secondary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a condition which affects 0.2–3.0% of women. Despite its impact on maternal morbidity, there is a lack of understanding of the cost burden of disease.

Aims

To determine the economic cost of secondary PPH in the postpartum period, compared to the costs for women without this diagnosis.

Materials and methods

Data were prospectively collected on a cohort of 97 women who presented with secondary PPH to the emergency department (ED) between July 2020 and February 2021. A case–control design was then used to compare postpartum cost data from these patients to a group of 97 controls who were matched to maternal demographics, and who did not present with secondary PPH.

Results

For women with secondary PPH, there were significantly more hospital attendances, and postpartum costs were higher for all cost subcategories across ED, admissions, and outpatient attendances (P < 0.0001), compared to controls. The total cost of postpartum care for 97 patients with secondary PPH was $254 377.62 with an average cost per patient of $2622.45, compared to $26 670.46 for 97 controls with an average cost of $274.95 per patient (P < 0.0001). This demonstrates a 9.5‐fold increase in postpartum costs per woman with secondary PPH.

Conclusions

Secondary PPH is an under‐researched condition which presents a significant cost burden for the health system. Evidence‐based guidelines addressing the prevention and management of secondary PPH may assist in minimising this cost burden for both the health service and the patient.
Association of response time and intermittent hypoxemia in extremely preterm infants
Authors: Martin Sven , Ackermann Benjamin W. , Thome Ulrich H. , Grunwald Martin , Müller Stephanie M.
Published: March 2023

Aim

To determine the relationship between medical staff's response time (RT) to oxygen saturation (SpO2) below 80% and the associated time from tactile intervention until SpO2 normalisation (CT).

Methods

Time‐lapse video and continuous SpO2 were recorded for six consecutive 24 h periods. Regression analyses of RT and SpO2 in association with postmenstrual age (PMA), weight, infant sex and frequency of intermittent hypoxemia (IH).

Results

Five hundred and twelve hypoxemia episodes received tactile intervention in 20 extremely preterm infants (gestational age ≤28 weeks, birthweight <1500 g). Median RT was 20.5 s (IQR 16.63–25.50). RT increased with increased IH frequency (p = 0.023) independently of PMA and weight. SpO2 decreased by 3.7% with every 10 s RT (p = 0.039). Time until SpO2 normalisation was strongly associated with RT (β = 0.58, p = 0.042). The association was amplified by lower PMA (p = 0.043). Female preterm infants experienced longer RT than males (p = 0.027). Because the total length of an IH is the sum of RT and CT, preterm infants with low PMA can reach a critical hypoxemia duration of >60 s, even with short RT.

Conclusion

The RT is a critical factor that affects the overall time of IH treatments and the depth of desaturation. The consequences of a prolonged RT are worse for more immature preterm infants.
Breastfeeding provides a protective hug and the benefits have outweighed the risks during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Briana Despina D. , Malamitsi‐Puchner Ariadne
Published: March 2023

Mothers have been very hesitant about breastfeeding when they have COVID‐19 infection or vaccinations. Maternal milk protects neonates through its high biological value, immune factors and anti‐infectious molecules and this review shows that the virus that causes COVID‐19 is not transmitted through breast milk. COVID‐19 vaccines induce anti‐spike antibodies with neutralising capacity, and phagocytosis, and no vaccine particles or messenger ribonucleic acid have been detected in breast milk. Most drugs used for maternal COVID‐19 infections are safe for breastfed infants.

Conclusion

The clear benefits of breastfeeding by far outweigh the very low risk of infant infections from COVID‐19.
Type 1 diabetes and microscopic colitis: A nationwide matched case–control study in Sweden
Authors: Kang Xiaoying , Liu Shengxin , Roelstraete Bjorn , Khalili Hamed , Ludvigsson Jonas F.
Published: March 2023

Background and Aims

Microscopic colitis (MC) is a colonic inflammatory condition associated with autoimmune dysfunction. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic disease induced by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β‐cells. We aimed to examine the association between T1D and MC.

Methods

A matched case–control study was conducted using the nationwide ESPRESSO cohort as study base. All biopsy‐confirmed MC patients born after 1940 were identified and compared to biopsy‐free individuals matched from the general population for T1D diagnosis using the Swedish National Patient Register. The T1D‐MC association was estimated as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by conditional logistic models, considering differences by sex and MC subtype. Full sibling comparison and adjustment for MC‐associated medications were also performed.

Results

We identified 352 (3.7%) and 945 (2.0%) T1D diagnoses from 9,600 MC cases and 47,870 matched population controls, respectively, which corresponded to an overall OR of 1.79 (95% CI: 1.56–2.05). The association was stronger for collagenous colitis (OR, 2.15; 95% CI: 1.70–2.71) than lymphocytic colitis (OR, 1.62; 95% CI: 1.37–1.92) and remained statistically significant in full sibling comparison (OR, 1.46; 95%: 1.18–1.81). Medication adjustment attenuated the association to null among females (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.82–1.27) but not among males (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.11–1.90).

Conclusion

T1D diagnosis was almost 80% more prevalent in MC patients compared to general population. This positive association did not seem to be spurious due to residual confounding shared by full siblings but may relate to consumption of medications associated with MC onset.
Behavioral economics and monetary wisdom: A cross‐level analysis of monetary aspiration, pay (dis)satisfaction, risk perception, and corruption in 32 nations
Authors: Tang Thomas Li‐Ping , Li Zhen , Özbek Mehmet Ferhat , Lim Vivien K. G. , Teo Thompson S. H. , Ansari Mahfooz A. , Sutarso Toto , Garber Ilya , Chiu Randy Ki‐Kwan , Charles‐Pauvers Brigitte , Urbain Caroline , Luna‐Arocas Roberto , Chen Jingqiu , Tang Ningyu , Tang Theresa Li‐Na , Arias‐Galicia Fernando , De La Torre Consuelo Garcia , Vlerick Peter , Akande Adebowale , Al‐Zubaidi Abdulqawi Salim , Kazem Ali Mahdi , Borg Mark G. , Cheng Bor‐Shiuan , Du Linzhi , Ibrahim Abdul Hamid Safwat , Kim Kilsun , Malovics Eva , Mpoyi Richard T. , Nnedum Obiajulu Anthony Ugochukwu , Sardžoska Elisaveta Gjorgji , Allen Michael W. , Correia Rosário , Jen Chin‐Kang , Moreira Alice S. , Osagie Johnston E. , Osman‐Gani AAhad M. , Pholsward Ruja , Polic Marko , Skobic Petar , Stembridge Allen F. , Canova Luigina , Manganelli Anna Maria , Pitariu Adrian H. , Pereira Francisco José Costa
Published: March 2023

Corruption involves greed, money, and risky decision‐making. We explore the love of money, pay satisfaction, probability of risk, and dishonesty across cultures. Avaricious monetary aspiration breeds unethicality. Prospect theory frames decisions in the gains‐losses domain and high‐low probability. Pay dissatisfaction (in the losses domain) incites dishonesty in the name of justice at the individual level. The Corruption Perceptions Index, CPI, signals a high‐low probability of getting caught for dishonesty at the country level. We theorize that decision‐makers adopt avaricious love‐of‐money aspiration as a lens and frame dishonesty in the gains‐losses domain (pay satisfaction‐dissatisfaction, Level 1) and high‐low probability (CPI, Level 2) to maximize expected utility and ultimate serenity. We challenge the myth: Pay satisfaction mitigates dishonesty across nations consistently. Based on 6500 managers in 32 countries, our cross‐level three‐dimensional visualization offers the following discoveries. Under high aspiration conditions, pay dissatisfaction excites the highest‐ (third‐highest) avaricious justice‐seeking dishonesty in high (medium) CPI nations, supporting the certainty effect. However, pay satisfaction provokes the second‐highest avaricious opportunity‐seizing dishonesty in low CPI entities, sustaining the possibility effect—maximizing expected utility. Under low aspiration conditions, high pay satisfaction consistently leads to low dishonesty, demonstrating risk aversion—achieving ultimate serenity. We expand prospect theory from a micro and individual‐level theory to a cross‐level theory of monetary wisdom across 32 nations. We enhance the S‐shaped Curve to three 3‐D corruption surfaces across three levels of the global economic pyramid, providing novel insights into behavioral economics, business ethics, the environment, and responsibility.
It Is Time We Stopped Colluding
Authors: Atkinson Paul
Published: March 2023

I argue here that we psychotherapists in the private sector bear our own share of responsibility for the institutionalization of a two‐tier system of psychological care and therapy. We are on aggregate a profession of the self‐employed, focused on the self‐development of the individual who can afford to pay our fees. As a profession we appear to be relatively blind to the living conditions of the less well‐off citizens in our society and to the ethics of collective responsibility.
Expanded targeted screening for congenital cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Zhang Yumeng , Egashira Tomoko , Egashira Masakazu , Ogiwara Shun , Tomino Hiroyuki , Shichijo Akinori , Mizukami Tomoko , Ogata Tsutomu , Moriuchi Hiroyuki , Takayanagi Toshimitsu
Published: March 2023

An early diagnosis and intervention for congenital cytomegalovirus infection can reduce long‐term disability; however, the introduction of universal neonatal screening has been controversial worldwide. The present study clarified the outcome of a targeted screening protocol for detecting congenital cytomegalovirus infection based on suggestive perinatal conditions. In addition, the positive rate was compared to those from the reported studies and the validity of the targeted screening criteria was discussed. A total of 2121 newborn infants were admitted to our hospital between October 2018 and October 2021. Cytomegalovirus DNA was examined by the isothermal nucleic acid amplification method for urine samples from newborns with any of the following: microcephaly, abnormal ultrasound findings in the brain and visceral organs, repeated failure in neonatal hearing screening, suspicious maternal cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy, and other abnormal findings suggestive of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Among 2121 newborns, 102 (4.8%) were subject to the urine cytomegalovirus DNA test based on the abovementioned criteria. Of them, three were cytomegalovirus DNA‐positive. According to the protocol, the cytomegalovirus DNA‐positive rates were 0.14% among the total enrollment of 2121 newborns and 2.9% (3/102) among the targeted newborns. This protocol may overlook congenital cytomegalovirus infection that is asymptomatic or exhibits inapparent clinical manifestations only at birth; however, it is feasible and helps lead to the diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection that may otherwise be overlooked.
Differential staining patterns of immunohistochemical markers for neurogenesis staging in the premature cerebellum of ferrets and mice
Authors: Sawada Kazuhiko , Kamiya Shiori
Published: March 2023

Immunohistochemical staining patterns of markers for neurogenesis staging were compared at the identical stage of cerebellar histogenesis between ferrets (aged 20 days) and mice (aged 10 days). Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining was observed largely in the granular precursors of the external granular layer (EGL) in both ferrets and mice. PCNA‐immunostaining was also found in brain lipid‐binding protein‐immunopositive cells in the internal granular layer and was more abundant in ferrets than in mice. Paired box 6 immunostaining appeared largely in the EGL granular precursors in mice, whereas it emerged in the migrating/differentiating granular precursors in ferrets. These findings revealed that the types and neurogenesis stages of the EGL granular precursors detected by immunohistochemical markers differed between ferrets and mice.
Precise definition of the breakpoints of an apparently balanced translocation between chromosome 3q26 and chromosome 7q36: Role of KMT2C disruption
Authors: Yamada Mamiko , Suzuki Hisato , Miya Fuyuki , Kosugiyama Kiyotaka , Ujiie Takeshi , Tonoki Hidefumi , Kosaki Kenjiro
Published: March 2023

When a de novo balanced reciprocal translocation is identified in the patient, the cause of phenotype of the patient can be explained by detecting the breakpoints of the genes. Here, we report a 3‐year‐old patient with developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, and distinctive facial features who had an apparently balanced translocation between chromosome 3q26 and chromosome 7q36. Nanopore long‐read sequencing revealed that balanced translocation disrupted the KMT2C gene, the haploinsufficiency of which leads to Kleefstra syndrome 2 characterized by delayed psychomotor development, variable intellectual disability and mild dysmorphism. Nanopore long‐read sequencing was shown to be useful in elucidating the exact genetic etiology of patients with nonspecific clinical findings.
Treating acute diverticulitis in pre‐ and post‐solid‐organ transplant patients: a single‐institution cohort study
Authors: Klos Coen L. , Bath Natalie M. , Carchman Evie , Leverson Glen , Lawson Elise , Sanger Cristina B. , King Ray , Heise Charles
Published: March 2023

Aim

Immunosuppressed patients are more likely to fail nonoperative management of acute diverticulitis and have more postoperative complications than the immunocompetent. Transplant recipients form a subcategory among the immunosuppressed with unique challenges. The aim of this work is to report 30‐day postoperative complications after colectomy for acute diverticulitis and success rates of nonoperative management in pre‐ and post‐transplant patients.

Method

This is a retrospective cohort study at a single‐institution tertiary referral centre. Patients with a history of acute diverticulitis were extracted from a database of 6152 recipients of solid‐organ abdominal transplant between 2000 and 2015 and stratified by the index episode of diverticulitis: before or after solid‐organ transplant surgery. Outcomes included 30‐day postoperative complications and failure of nonoperative management.

Results

Acute diverticulitis occurred in 93 patients, 69 (74%) posttransplant. Postcolectomy complications were higher posttransplant than pretransplant (43% vs. 13%, p = 0.04). Posttransplant status was not an independent risk factor for complications (odds ratio 3.59, 95% CI 0.79–16.31) when adjusting for sex and surgical acuity. Immediate urgent colectomy (29% vs. 31%, p = 0.84) and failure of nonoperative management (7% vs. 9%, p = 0.82) were similar. Complications occurred equally in those requiring urgent colectomy after nonoperative management and those undergoing immediate urgent colectomy.

Conclusion

Urgent colectomy rates are similar in solid‐organ abdominal transplant recipients pre‐ and posttransplant. Posttransplant complication rates appear to be increased but transplant status as an independent factor is not significantly associated with an increased risk in this study cohort. These findings should be considered when counselling patients on the relative risks and benefits of surgical intervention for diverticulitis before versus after solid‐organ transplantation.
Cytological features of stromal spindle cells and their prognostic significance in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Miyata‐Morita Kana , Morita Shigeki , Dejima Hitoshi , Saito Koji , Sakao Yukinori , Mochizuki Makoto , Sasajima Yuko
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumour microenvironment play a key role in tumour development, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. The cytological features of spindle cells including CAFs—defined as stromal spindle cells (SSCs) adjacent to cancer cells—are frequently encountered in pulmonary adenocarcinomas. This study aimed to investigate the association between the presence of SSCs in cytological specimens and the clinicopathological features.

Methods

We evaluated 211 patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma who underwent surgical resection. All participants had cytological specimens corresponding to the histological specimens available for review.

Results

Of the 211 cases examined, 89 were SSC‐positive (SSC+) and 122 were SSC‐negative (SSC−). SSC+ cases were more frequently associated with higher pathological stage (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.002), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement (P = 0.04), high tumour grade (P < 0.001), solid and micropapillary predominant pattern (P = 0.02), and lymphatic vessel (P = 0.003), blood vessel (P < 0.001), and pleural invasion (P = 0.03) as compared to SSC− cases. Patients with SSC+ adenocarcinoma had a significantly shorter recurrence‐free survival than those with SSC− adenocarcinoma (P = 0.009). Cytologically, necrotic background (P = 0.002), mucinous cancer cells (P = 0.02), pleomorphic cells (P < 0.001), and mutual cell inclusions (P = 0.01) were observed more frequently in SSC+ adenocarcinomas.

Conclusions

The presence of SSCs could be an important cytological feature for predicting poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinomas.
Are parenchymal cells a source of supplemental diet for aphids?
Authors: Alvarez Adriana E. , Griffing Lawrence R.
Published: March 2023

Prior to feeding on phloem, aphids perform a preamble of brief intracellular punctures of the cortical parenchyma, ingesting a small amount of cytoplasm from each cell. Given the length of time aphids spend puncturing parenchyma cells before and after phloem feeding, we propose that they are not just testing for potential hosts or mobilizing phloem nutrients, but are actively engaged in ‘cytoplasmic feeding’. We combine the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique to monitor feeding behavior of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) with confocal fluorescence microscopy to determine the uptake of parenchyma cytoplasm in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (Brassicaceae). Aphids repetitively punctured parenchyma cells throughout the monitoring period, both before and after phloem feeding. As aphids puncture parenchyma cells of A. thaliana expressing cytoplasmic yellow fluorescent protein, the protein is ingested, increasing the intensity in the aphid stylet. The extended time of high‐frequency punctures of parenchyma cells prior to phloem sap ingestion avoids the dilution of the intestinal content resulting from immediate phloem feeding. The enriched nutrient content of parenchyma cytoplasm has time to be absorbed by the intestine into the hemocoel without dilution and excretion in the honeydew.
Spatial insurance against a heatwave differs between trophic levels in experimental aquatic communities
Authors: Vad Csaba F. , Hanny‐Endrédi Anett , Kratina Pavel , Abonyi András , Mironova Ekaterina , Murray David S. , Samchyshyna Larysa , Tsakalakis Ioannis , Smeti Evangelia , Spatharis Sofie , Tan Hanrong , Preiler Christian , Petrusek Adam , Bengtsson Mia M. , Ptacnik Robert
Published: March 2023

Climate change‐related heatwaves are major threats to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. However, our current understanding of the mechanisms governing community resistance to and recovery from extreme temperature events is still rudimentary. The spatial insurance hypothesis postulates that diverse regional species pools can buffer ecosystem functioning against local disturbances through the immigration of better‐adapted taxa. Yet, experimental evidence for such predictions from multi‐trophic communities and pulse‐type disturbances, like heatwaves, is largely missing. We performed an experimental mesocosm study to test whether species dispersal from natural lakes prior to a simulated heatwave could increase the resistance and recovery of plankton communities. As the buffering effect of dispersal may differ among trophic groups, we independently manipulated the dispersal of organisms from lower (phytoplankton) and higher (zooplankton) trophic levels. The experimental heatwave suppressed total community biomass by having a strong negative effect on zooplankton biomass, probably due to a heat‐induced increase in metabolic costs, resulting in weaker top‐down control on phytoplankton. While zooplankton dispersal did not alleviate the negative heatwave effects on zooplankton biomass, phytoplankton dispersal enhanced biomass recovery at the level of primary producers, providing partial evidence for spatial insurance. The differential responses to dispersal may be linked to the much larger regional species pool of phytoplankton than of zooplankton. Our results suggest high recovery capacity of community biomass independent of dispersal. However, community composition and trophic structure remained altered due to the heatwave, implying longer‐lasting changes in ecosystem functioning.
Ranking Spatial Units with Structural Property and Traffic Distributions for Uncovering Spatial Interaction Patterns in a City
Authors: Yu Wenhao , Zhang Yi‐fan , Liu Mengqi , Yang Chuncheng , Wu Xiao
Published: March 2023

Travel activity data mining is critical to numerous urban applications such as transportation and location‐based services. This article studies the spatial units ranking algorithm for uncovering spatial interaction patterns based on the flow properties of people's travel trajectories. For example, using a taxi origin–destination flow database, a user may want to rank the origin and destination with respect to their functional importance within the urban activity space. In the literature, such an importance concept is usually specified via the frequency function of trip flows. Considering the case that the less frequently visited place in reality may still be an important origin or an important destination, we propose a different method for the ranking of spatial units by introducing the structural property of trip network. The proposed method is inspired from the mutual reinforcing relationship between the trip origins and destinations: important destinations attract travel flows from important origins and at the same time important origins have many flows toward important destinations. Our experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in uncovering spatial interaction patterns of urban activities.
ROOM AT THE INN? WERTHER IN WAHLHEIM
Authors: Gaskill Howard
Published: March 2023

This article examines the widespread assumption that the protagonist of Goethe's Die Leiden des jungen Werthers chooses to live in ‘Wahlheim’. It is argued that this assumption cannot be reconciled with a close reading of the textual evidence. At no stage can Wahlheim be shown to be Werther's sole or main residence. Indeed, it is doubtful whether he ever resides there at all.
Factors associated with viral suppression among adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria: Analysis of a population‐based survey, 2018
Authors: Abimiku Alash'le , Ramadhani Habib Omari , Moloney Mirna , Stafford Kristen Alyce , Chang Joy Chih‐Wei , Patel Hetal Kiritkumar , Domaoal Robert A. , Okoye McPaul , Jelpe Tapidiyel , Bronson Megan , Ibrahim Dalhatu , Swaminathan Mahesh , Gambo Aliyu , Charurat Manhattan E. ,   the NAIIS study group
Published: March 2023

Objective

Viral load suppression (VLS) is critical in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with HIV as well as minimizing the likelihood of HIV transmission to uninfected persons. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with VLS among people living with HIV (PLWH) on antiretroviral (ARV) therapy to inform HIV programme strategies in Nigeria.

Methods

Adult participants, aged 15–64 years, from the 2018 Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS), who self‐reported to be a PLWH or had detectable ARVs, were analysed to examine factors associated with VLS defined as HIV RNA <1000 copies/mL. NAIIS measured HIV prevalence, viral load, ARV and hepatitis B in PLWH. Logistic regression models were used and reported weighted prevalence.

Results

Of 1322 participants, 949 (68.25%) were women and 1287 (96.82%) had detectable ARVs. The median age was 39.31 [interquartile range (IQR): 31.47–47.63] years. Prevalence of VLS was 80.88%. Compared with participants with detectable ARVs, those with undetectable ARVs in their blood specimens had lower odds of VLS [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08–0.64). Coinfection with hepatitis B and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor metabolites were also associated with lower odds of VLS. Older people (45–54 vs 15–24 years) had increased odds of VLS (aOR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.14–6.90).

Conclusion

Young people and those with undetectable ARVs had lower odds of virological suppression. Targeted interventions focusing on young people and adherence to medication are needed to achieve the UNAIDS 95–95‐95 goals for HIV epidemic control.
Zircon geochronology of the deformed matrix in the NE Jiangxi ophiolitic mélange belt: Time constraints on the Neoproterozoic evolution of the Paleo–South China Ocean and assembly of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks
Authors: Qingbo Zhu , Cunzhi Wang , Xilin Zhao , Guodong Jin , Tianshan Gao
Published: March 2023

The NE Jiangxi ophiolitic mélange belt is the key area for understanding the evolution of the Paleo‐South China Ocean and the assembly of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks. The age of the deformed matrix is closer to the tectonic emplacement time of the ophiolitic mélange than that of the blocks. However, the rock types, ages and structural deformation of the matrix in the NE Jiangxi ophiolitic mélange belt lack comprehensive understanding. Based on the zircon U–Pb geochronology, Hf isotope and trace element analyses of the deformed matrix in the NE Jiangxi ophiolitic mélange belt, we report the ages of meta‐rhyolite and tuffaceous phyllite to be 800–760 Ma, and the maximum depositional age of the clastic matrix is ~760 Ma. The youngest deformed matrix ages of 800–760 Ma constrain the tectonic emplacement age of the NE Jiangxi ophiolitic mélange belt to the late Qingbaikou period after 800–760 Ma and before the deposition of the Xiuning Formation (765–732 Ma). Zircon ages, trace element and Hf isotope compositions indicate that the 800–760 Ma matrix was formed in a back‐arc basin environment with obvious addition of 1000–800 Ma arc materials and recycled Paleoproterozoic crustal materials. The detrital material source areas were the 800–760 Ma arc and earlier accretionary wedge as juvenile crust. The multi‐stage arc magmatism, metamorphism and deformation in the NE Jiangxi ophiolitic mélange belt suggest that multi‐stage subduction of the Paleo‐South China Ocean and Neoproterozoic accretionary orogeny occurred during 1–0.76 Ga at the southeast margin of the Yangtze Block. Combined with the regional geological data, the Neoproterozoic back‐arc basin or the foreland basin around the Yangtze Block closed after ~760 Ma. The collision and amalgamation of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks resulted in the final closure of the Paleo‐South China Ocean, which have occurred in the early Paleozoic.