bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining the appropriate model complexity for patient-specific advice on mechanical ventilation
Authors: Rees Stephen E. , Karbing Dan S.
Published: December 2016

Mathematical physiological models can be applied in medical decision support systems. To do so requires consideration of the necessary model complexity. Models that simulate changes in the individual patient are required, meaning that models should have a complexity where parameters can be uniquely identified at the bedside from clinical data and where the models adequately represent the individual patient’s (patho)physiology. This paper describes the models included in a system for providing decision support for mechanical ventilation. Models of pulmonary gas exchange, respiratory mechanics, acid-base, and respiratory control are described. The parameters of these models are presented along with the necessary clinical data required for their estimation and the parameter estimation process. In doing so, the paper highlights the need for simple, minimal models for application at the bedside, directed toward well-defined clinical problems.
Analytical tools for determination of new oral antidiabetic drugs, glitazones, gliptins, gliflozins and glinides, in bulk materials, pharmaceuticals and biological samples
Authors: Gumieniczek Anna , Berecka Anna
Published: December 2016

The review presents analytical methods for determination of new oral drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), focusing on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists (glitazones), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (gliptins) and sodium/glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (gliflozins). Drugs derived from prandial glucose regulators, such as glinides, are considered because they are present in some new therapeutic options. The review presents analytical procedures suitable for determination of the drugs in bulk substances, such as pharmaceuticals and biological samples, including HPLC-UV, HPLC/LC-MS, TLC/HPTLC, CE/CE-MS, spectrophotometric (UV/VIS), spectrofluorimetric and electrochemical methods, taken from the literature over the past ten years (2006-2016). Some new procedures for extraction, separation and detection of the drugs, including solid phase extraction with molecularly imprinted polymers (SPE-MIP), liquid phase microextraction using porous hollow fibers (HP-LPME), HILIC chromatography, micellar mobile phases, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and isotopically labeled internal standards, are discussed.
Development and validation of a new spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of some beta-blockers through fluorescence quenching of eosin Y. Application to content uniformity test
Authors: Derayea Sayed M , Omar Mahmoud A , Abdel-Lateef Mohamed Aboel-Kasem , Hassan Ahmed I.
Published: December 2016

A simple, rapid, sensitive and economic spectrofluorimetric method has been developed and validated for determination of some β-adrenergic blocking agents namely; betaxolol hydrochloride (BTX), carvedilol (CAR), labetalol hydrochloride (LBT), nebivolol hydrochloride (NEB) and propranolol hydrochloride (PRO). The method is based on the quenching effect of the cited drugs on the fluorescence intensity of eosin Y at pH 3.4 (acetate buffer). The fluorescence quenching is due to the formation of an ion-pair complex and was measured without extraction at 545 nm (λex. 301.5 nm). The factors affecting the formation of the ion-pair complex were carefully studied and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the linear ranges for the relationship between the fluorescence quenching value and the concentration of the investigated drugs were 100-2500, 150-2500 and 50-2250 ng mL-1for (BTX, CAR), (LBT, NEB) and (PRO) respectively. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines and was applied for determination of the cited drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms with excellent recoveries. In addition, content uniformity testing of some commercial dosage forms was checked by the proposed method.
Finding ordinary meaning in law: The judge, the dictionary or the corpus?
Authors: Solan Lawrence M. , Gales Tammy
Published: December 2016

Courts in the U.S. frequently apply a rule of statutory construction that calls for the words in laws to be given their “ordinary meaning.” The rule is based on the presumption that legislatures are most likely to have intended the language to be understood in their ordinary sense and on the value that people subject to such laws will more likely comprehend the rights and obligations granted to them. Courts are not, however, in accord when it comes to determining which of a term’s available meanings is the “ordinary” one. This article describes three methods for making this determination: the judge’s linguistic intuitions, dictionary definitions, and reference to linguistic corpora. We argue that the use of corpus analysis enhances the legal system’s ability to rely on actual distributional facts about word usage, thus enhancing the accuracy of ordinary meaning analysis.

We apply the three methods to a case pending before the U.S. Supreme Court,Shaw v. United States, at the time this article is written. The issue inShawis whether the expression “defraud a financial institution” applies to a situation in which the defendant tricked a bank into releasing to him the funds of another depositor, when the bank suffered no loss. We look first at linguistic literature based largely on intuition, then at dictionary definitions, and finally at a corpus. Examining hundreds of examples from the Corpus of Historical English (COHA) developed at Brigham Young University, we find that the verb “defraud” is virtually always used to describe a situation in which the object of the fraud is also the target of the ultimate loss.

Analyses based on the intuitions of linguists and on dictionary definitions are consistent with this result, although less robust. We conclude that if the Court wishes to be faithful to the ordinary meaning of the statutory language, it should rule that the statute does not apply to this situation.
Public prosecutors in the Chinese criminal trial – courtroom discourse from the prosecution perspective
Authors: Fu Xin
Published: December 2016

The prosecutor is an influential party in criminal justice systems, and this is true also of China. But most literature on China concentrates on the trial and criminal defence with comparatively little attention paid to the prosecution perspective. In this article, I make use of research data collected through courtroom observations, case file analysis and interviews when the Criminal Procedural Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter the “CPL 1996”) was still effective. Given that the CPL 1996 was revised in 2012, I updated the research data in early 2016. This paper focuses on the public prosecutors’ performance in the courtroom at the various stages of the process such as the courtroom investigation – production, examination and cross-examination of prosecution evidence, and courtroom debate; it analyzes both prosecution language and skills, and the court’s judgment. The paper also discusses the potential impact of the CPL 2012 on criminal prosecutions. The research findings show that prosecutors performed their responsibilities in the criminal proceedings whatever methods of questioning the defendant and evidence production are used; prosecutors tried their best to achieve the goal of conviction even with weak cases; and the decisions of the court mostly reflected the decisions of the procuratorate.
Dependency of Advanced Oxidation Performance on the Contaminated Water Feed Mode for Ozonation Combined with Electrolysis Using a Two-compartment Electrolytic Flow Cell
Authors: Kishimoto Naoyuki
Published: December 2016

The effect of the contaminated water feed mode on advanced oxidation performance, for a combined system, using ozonation with electrolysis (ozone-electrolysis) in a two-compartment electrolytic flow cell, was discussed for ozone injection to the cathodic compartment of the cell. When ozone-electrolysis was applied, removal of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) proceeded in the cathodic compartment. The overall COD removal rate increased with the increase in current density for direct feed of contaminated water to the anodic compartment (DFA mode). However, the overall COD removal rate decreased at high current density for direct feed to the cathodic compartment (DFC mode), although the overall performance for the DFC mode was better than the DFA mode. The difference in the dependency of the performance on current density was determined to be due to the difference in the advanced oxidation mechanisms for each mode.
Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of CuO-SnO2 Nanocomposite Oxide Photocatalyst
Authors: Xia Huili , Zhang Huisheng , Xiao Dongchang
Published: December 2016

The novel CuO-SnO
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Diacids and Their Decomposition Over Mixtures of TiO2 and Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Ahmmad Bashir , Kusumoto Yoshihumi , Ikeda Miyuki , Somekawa Shouichi , Horie Yuji
Published: December 2016

The photocatalytic hydrogen production from aqueous solutions of two diacids, i.e., oxalic acid and fumaric acid, was performed using the mixtures of TiO
Preparation of TiO2 and TiO2/SiO2 Films on Polyester Granules for Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Marín Juan M. , Pichat Pierre , Navio José A. , Rios Luis A. , Restrepo Gloria
Published: December 2016

TiO
Ferric Reduction and Oxalate Mineralization with Fered-Fenton Method
Authors: Liu Cheng-Hong , Huang Yao-Hui , Chen Hung-Ta , Lu Ming-Chun
Published: December 2016

Oxalic acid is common used in industry. It is also found to be the main reaction product in many advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), especially in the Fenton degradation process. In light, it may be mineralized via Fe(III)-catalyzed photoreaction (i.e. Photo-Fenton reaction). In this study, we found a novel electrochemical oxidation reaction called Fered-Fenton method to mineralize oxalic acid. We investigated the effects of anion and cathode material on the mineralization of oxalate. It was found that Ti-DSA cathode and ferric chloride solution showed the better results than those cathodes made of stainless steel and solutions prepared by ferric sulfate and ferric nitrate. COD could be completely removed in 3 hours when used Ti-DSA cathode and 30 mM ferric chloride solution to treat 20 mM oxalate. On the other hand, only 91% COD could be removed when used stainless steel net cathode instead of Ti-DSA one, and only 55% COD removal was obtained when further used ferric sulfate instead of ferric chloride. We also found that COD and TOC removals made little difference when reduced ferric chloride concentration from 30 mM to 6.67 mM. It could reduce the reagent cost of Fered-Fenton method.
Inactivation of Waterborne Pathogens Using Solar Photocatalysis
Authors: Guísar Raúl , Herrera Mónica I. , Bandala Erick R. , García Juan L. , Corona- Vasquez Benito
Published: December 2016

Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and helminth eggs are among the waterborne pathogens that resist the most to traditional chemical disinfection processes. Since the application of high doses of chlorine, ozone or other chemical disinfectant is not possible in practice because of the subsequent formation of disinfection byproducts, alternative processes for water disinfection have been investigated. This study investigated the potential of catalyzed-solar radiation to control the occurrence of C. parvum oocysts and helminth eggs in drinking water and wastewater, respectively. Bacillus subtilis spores were used as surrogate microorganisms for C. parvum oocysts. Experimental results indicate that 1.5 hours of exposure to ~1 sun-intensity solar radiation, in the presence of 5 mM ferrous ion and 70 mM hydrogen peroxide, decrease egg and spore viability by 49 and 96 percent, respectively. These results suggest that solar photocatalysis may represent an effective and economic alternative for water disinfection in rural communities and for developing countries.
Characterization of the Radical Oxidative Level in the Degradation of Phenolic Compounds with H2O2/UV
Authors: Luis A. de , Lombraña J. I. , Menéndez A.
Published: December 2016

The characterization of radical oxidation was studied in phenolic compounds degradation by a H
Chlorobenzene Degradation Assisted by TiO2 under UV Irradiation in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Oncescu Tatiana , Nitoi Ines , Oancea Petruta
Published: December 2016

We report the photocatalytic degradation of chlorobenzene (CB) in suspended TiO
Micro-pore Ceramic Filter and UV System as Ballast Water Treatment: Preliminary Study on Chlorella Removal and Bacteria Inactivation
Authors: Zhang Manxia , Xu Ningwei , Li Chang li , Wang Yatong , Zhu Yimin
Published: December 2016

A combination system of micro-pore ceramic filtration and UV radiation was built up for ballast water treatment. Two treatment methods, single micro-pore ceramic filtration and micro-pore filtration and UV radiation, were studied in the research, respectively. Chlorella removal rates and total oceanic bacteria inactivation rates were measured at different flow rates (0.6 ~ 4.7 m
Treatment of Industrial Cork Processing Water by Ozonation and Ozone Based Advanced Oxidation Processes (O3/UV and O3/H2O2) in a Bubble Column Reactor
Authors: Lan Bing Yan , Nigmatullin Rinat , Puma Gianluca Li
Published: December 2016

The treatment of industrial cork-processing water at natural pH (6.45) by ozonation alone and ozone based advanced oxidation processes (O
The medial temporal lobe epilepsy is a bilateral disease – novel aspects
Authors: Halász Péter
Published: December 2016

Introduction.Medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is the most frequent form of epilepsy in adulthood. It is classified as local/regional epilepsy. However, there is increasing evidence of the involvement of both temporal lobes and this provides abundant arguments to question this view, and consider MTLE as one of the typical bilateral system epilepsies.

Aim.To provide a contemporary review of medial temporal lobe epilepsy, discussing the bilateral aspects, with reference to epilepsy surgery.

Methods.A literature review and a resume of the author’s own experiences with MTLE patients.

Results.Recent electrophysiological and neuroimaging data provide convincing data supporting that MTLE is a bilateral disease. The uni-and bilateral features form a continuum and the participation rate of the two temporal lobes determine course and surgical perspective of the individual patient.

Conclusions.The contradictory data of invasive presurgical evaluations of MTLE patients suggest that there need to identify further indicatory markers of bilaterality and thus change the presurgical evaluation from the non-invasive towards the invasive ways. The mechanisms of the interrelationship between the two temporal lobes in MTLE warrants further research.
Numerical modelling of two-layer shallow water flow in microtidal salt-wedge estuaries: Finite volume solver and field validation
Authors: Krvavica Nino , Kožar Ivica , Travaš Vanja , Ožanić Nevenka
Published: December 2016

A finite volume model for two-layer shallow water flow in microtidal salt-wedge estuaries is presented in this work. The governing equations are a coupled system of shallow water equations with source terms accounting for irregular channel geometry and shear stress at the bed and interface between the layers. To solve this system we applied the Q-scheme of Roe with suitable treatment of source terms, coupling terms, and wet-dry fronts. The proposed numerical model is explicit in time, shock-capturing and it satisfies the extended conservation property for water at rest. The model was validated by comparing the steady-state solutions against a known arrested salt-wedge model and by comparing both steady-state and time-dependant solutions against field observations in Rječina Estuary in Croatia. When the interfacial friction factor λi was chosen correctly, the agreement between numerical results and field observations was satisfactory.
One-dimensional morphodynamic model coupling open-channel flow and turbidity current in reservoir
Authors: Wang Zenghui , Xia Junqiang , Deng Shanshan , Zhang Junhua , Li Tao
Published: December 2016

Traditional depth-averaged morphodynamic models for turbidity currents usually focus on the propagation of currents after plunging. However, owing to the unsteady characteristic of the plunge point locations and the tough conditions of field measurement within the plunge zone in a reservoir, it is difficult in practice to directly provide upstream boundary conditions for these models. A one-dimensional (1D) morphodynamic model coupling open-channel flow and turbidity current in a reservoir was proposed to simulate the whole processes of turbidity current evolution, from formation and propagation to recession. The 1D governing equations adopted are applicable to open-channel flows and turbidity currents over a mobile bed with irregular cross-section geometry. The coupled solution is obtained by a two-step calculation mode which alternates the calculations of open-channel flow and turbidity current, and a plunge criterion is used to determine the location of the upstream boundary for the turbidity current, and to specify the corresponding boundary conditions. This calculation mode leads to consecutive predictions of the hydrodynamic and morphological factors, from the open-channel reach to the turbidity current reach. Turbidity current events in two laboratory experiments with different set-ups were used to test the capabilities of the proposed model, with the effect of free-surface gradient also being investigated. A field-scale application of the coupled model was conducted to simulate two turbidity current events occurring in the Sanmenxia Reservoir, and the method for calculating the limiting height of aspiration was adopted to estimate the outflow discharge after the turbidity currents arrived in front of the dam. The predicted plunge locations and arrival times at different cross-sections were in agreement with the measurements. Moreover, the calculated interface evolution processes and the sediment delivery ratios also agreed generally with the observed results. Therefore, the 1D morphodynamic model proposed herein can help to select the design capacity of the outlets, and optimize the procedure for sediment release in reservoirs.
Using gridded rainfall products in simulating streamflow in a tropical catchment – A case study of the Srepok River Catchment, Vietnam
Authors: Thom Vu Thi , Khoi Dao Nguyen , Linh Do Quang
Published: December 2016

The precise rainfall estimate with appropriate spatial and temporal resolutions is a key input to distributed hydrological models. However, networks of rain gauges are often sparsely distributed in developing countries. To overcome such limitations, this study used some of the existing gridded rainfall products to simulate streamflow. Four gridded rainfall products, including APHRODITE, CFSR, PERSIANN, and TRMM, were used as input to the SWAT distributed hydrological model in order to simulate streamflow over the Srepok River Catchment in Vietnam. Besides that, the available rain gauges data were also used for comparison. Amongst the four different datasets, the TRMM and APHRODITE data show their best match to rain gauges data in simulating the daily and monthly streamflow with satisfactory precision in the 2000-2006 period. The result indicates that the TRMM and APHRODITE data have potential applications in driving hydrological model and water resources management in data-scarce and ungauged areas in Vietnam.
Study of the time-dependent clear water scour around circular bridge piers
Authors: Aksoy Aysegul Ozgenc , Bombar Gokcen , Arkis Tanıl , Guney Mehmet Sukru
Published: December 2016

The local scour around bridge piers influences their stabilities and plays a key role in the bridge failures. The estimation of the maximum possible scour depth around bridge piers is an important step in the design of the bridge pier foundations. In this study, the temporal evolution of local scour depths as well as the equilibrium scour depths were analyzed.

The experiments were carried out in a rectangular flume by using uniform sediment with median diameter of 3.5 mm and geometric standard deviation of 1.4. The diameters of the tested circular bridge piers were 40 mm, 80 mm, 150 mm and 200 mm. The flow and scour depths were determined by ultrasonic sensors. The experiments were realized in clear water conditions with various constant flow rates.

The experimental findings were compared with those calculated from some empirical equations existing in the literature. A new empirical relation involving the flow intensity, the relative water depth and the dimensionless time is also introduced. The advantage of this proposed relation is that the only parameter requiring the calculation is the critical velocity, other parameters being known geometric and hydraulic parameters. The performance of this relation was tested by using experimental data available in the literature, and a satisfactory compatibility was revealed between the experimental and numerical results.
Modeling sediment concentration and discharge variations in a small Ethiopian watershed with contributions from an unpaved road
Authors: Guzman Christian D. , Tilahun Seifu A. , Dagnew Dessalegn C. , Zegeye Assefa D. , Tebebu Tigist Y. , Yitaferu Birru , Steenhuis Tammo S.
Published: December 2016

Drainage of paved and unpaved roads has been implicated as a major contributor of overland flow and erosion in mountainous landscapes. Despite this, few watershed models include or have tested for the effect roads have on discharge and sediment loads. Though having a model is an important step, its proper application and attention to distinct landscape features is even more important. This study focuses on developing a module for drainage from a road and tests it on a nested watershed (Shanko Bahir) within a larger previously studied site (Debre Mawi) that receives overland flow contributions from a highly compacted layer of soil on an unpaved road surface. Shanko Bahir experiences a sub-humid monsoonal climate and was assessed for the rainy seasons of 2010, 2011, and 2012. The model chosen is the Parameter Efficient Distributed (PED) model, previously used where saturation-excess overland flow heavily influences discharge and sediment concentration variation, though infiltration-excess occasionally occurs. Since overland flow on unpaved surfaces emulates Hortonian flow, an adjustment to the PED model (the developed module) advances possible incorporation of both flow regimes. The modification resulted in similar modeling performance as previous studies in the Blue Nile Basin on a daily basis (NSE = 0.67 for discharge and 0.71 for sediment concentrations). Furthermore, the road while occupying a small proportion of the sub-watershed (11%) contributed importantly to the early discharge and sediment transport events demonstrating the effect of roads especially on sediment concentrations. Considerations for the dynamic erodibility of the road improved sediment concentration simulation further (NSE = 0.75). The results show that this PED modeling framework can be adjusted to include unpaved compacted surfaces to give reasonable results, but more work is needed to account for contributions from gullies, which can cause high influxes of sediment.
Impacts of grass removal on wetting and actual water repellency in a sandy soil
Authors: Oostindie Klaas , Dekker Louis W. , Wesseling Jan G. , Geissen Violette , Ritsema Coen J.
Published: December 2016

Soil water content and actual water repellency were assessed for soil profiles at two sites in a bare and grasscovered plot of a sand pasture, to investigate the impact of the grass removal on both properties. The soil of the plots was sampled six times in vertical transects to a depth of 33 cm between 23 May and 7 October 2002. On each sampling date the soil water contents were measured and the persistence of actual water repellency was determined of field-moist samples. Considerably higher soil water contents were found in the bare versus the grass-covered plots. These alterations are caused by differences between evaporation and transpiration rates across the plots. Noteworthy are the often excessive differences in soil water content at depths of 10 to 30 cm between the bare and grass-covered plots. These differences are a consequence of water uptake by the roots in the grass-covered plots. The water storage in the upper 19 cm of the bare soil was at least two times greater than in the grass-covered soil during dry periods. A major part of the soil profile in the grass-covered plots exhibited extreme water repellency to a depth of 19 cm on all sampling dates, while the soil profile of the bare plots was completely wettable on eight of the twelve sampling dates. Significant differences in persistence of actual water repellency were found between the grass-covered and bare plots.
Influence of soil particle shape on saturated hydraulic conductivity
Authors: Zięba Zofia
Published: December 2016

The aim of this paper is to define the correlation between the geometry of grains and saturated hydraulic conductivity of soils. The particle shape characteristics were described by the ζ0Cindex (Parylak, 2000), which expresses the variability of several shape properties, such as sphericity, angularity and roughness.

The analysis was performed on samples of four soils, which were characterised by the same grain size distribution and extremely different particle structure. The shape characteristics varied from ideally spherical, smooth grains (glass microbeads GM) to highly irregular and rough particles (fly ash FA).

For each soil, laboratory tests of saturated hydraulic conductivity (constant head test CHT and falling head test FHT) were performed. Additionally, an empirical analysis of effective pore diameter was conducted with use of the analytical models developed by Pavchich (Wolski, 1987) and Indraratna and Vafai (1997). The models were modified by introducing the ζ0Cindex.

Experiments have shown that saturated hydraulic conductivity depends on grains shape and surface roughness. This parameter decreases with the increase in the irregularity of soil particles. Moreover, it was proven that the ζ0Creflects the relationship between effective pore diameter and grain shape characteristics.
Soil water repellency changes with depth and relationship to physical properties within wettable and repellent soil profiles
Authors: Sepehrnia Nasrollah , Hajabbasi Mohammad Ali , Afyuni Majid , Lichner Ľubomír
Published: December 2016

This study explored the effect of soil water repellency (SWR) on soil hydrophysical properties with depth. Soils were sampled from two distinctly wettable and water repellent soil profiles at depth increments from 0-60 cm. The soils were selected because they appeared to either wet readily (wettable) or remain dry (water repellent) under field conditions. Basic soil properties (MWD, SOM, θv) were compared to hydrophysical properties (Ks, Sw, Se, Sww, Swh, WDPT, RIc, RImand WRCT) that characterise or are affected by water repellency. Our results showed both soil and depth affected basic and hydrophysical properties of the soils (p <0.001). Soil organic matter (SOM) was the major property responsible for water repellency at the selected depths (0-60). Water repellency changes affected moisture distribution and resulted in the upper layer (0-40 cm) of the repellent soil to be considerably drier compared to the wettable soil. The water repellent soil also had greater MWDdryand Ks over the entire 0-60 cm depth compared to the wettable soil. Various measures of sorptivity, Sw, Se, Sww, Swh, were greater through the wettable than water repellent soil profile, which was also reflected in field and dry WDPT measurements. However, the wettable soil had subcritical water repellency, so the range of data was used to compare indices of water repellency. WRCT and RImhad less variation compared to WDPT and RIc. Estimating water repellency using WRCT and RIm indicated that these indices can detect the degree of SWR and are able to better classify SWR degree of the subcritical-repellent soil from the wettable soil.
Current Biochemical Monitoring and Risk Management of Immunosuppressive Therapy after Transplantation
Authors: Catić-Đorđević Aleksandra , Cvetković Tatjana , Stefanović Nikola , Veličković-Radovanović Radmila
Published: December 2016

Immunosuppressive drugs play a crucial role in the inhibition of immune reaction and prevention of graft rejection as well as in the pharmacotherapy of autoimmune disorders. Effective immunosuppression should provide an adequate safety profile and improve treatment outcomes and the patients’ quality of life. High-risk transplant recipients may be identified, but a definitive prediction model has still not been recognized. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for immunosuppressive drugs is an essential, but at the same time insufficient tool due to low predictability of drug exposition and marked pharmacokinetic variability. Parallel therapeutic, biochemical and clinical monitoring may successfully optimize and individualize therapy for transplanted recipients, providing optimal medical outcomes. Modern pharmacotherapy management should include new biomarkers with better sensitivity and specificity that can identify early cell damage. The aim of this study was to point out the importance of finding new biomarkers that would enable early detection of adverse drug events and cell damage in organ transplant recipients. We wanted to confirm the importance of routine biochemical monitoring in improving the safety of immunosuppressive treatment.
Cognitive-communicative organization of the evaluative frame
Authors: Prihodko Anna Illinichna
Published: December 2016

The focal topic of this paper is the discussion of the actualization of the framing script that realizes the evaluative potential. Functional-semantic representation of the frame organization of the certain illocutionary potential is a complex formation in the form of a set of coordinated actions. They determine the communicants’ stages of interaction acts for the implementation of the defined aims.
Phytodietus elongator AUBERT, 1963 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Tryphoninae), a new species to Italy, and a key to the Italian species of the genus Phytodietus GRAVENHORST, 1829
Authors: Kostro-Ambroziak Agata , Di Giovanni Filippo
Published: December 2016

Phytodietus elongator has been recorded from Italy for the first time. The hitherto identified subspecies (geographical forms) of this species, P. elongator elongator and P. elongator decoratus, are considered to be merely extreme examples of the variability of this taxon. A checklist and a key to the Italian species of the genus Phytodietus are provided.
Biomass estimation using a length-weight relationship in beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae, Histeridae, Hydrophilidae, Staphylinidae) obtained from cow dung
Authors: Mroczyński Radosław , Daliga Karol
Published: December 2016

This research enabled the relationship between length and dry body mass to be determined for 158 beetle larvae taken from cow dung in north-eastern Poland. The larvae were divided into three morphological types, for which the power and linear function of the body length-weight relationship were determined. The linear regression equation characterizes the relationship between body weight and length for all morphological types of larvae very well (0.8955≤R2≤0.9752). The power regression equation characterizes this relationship for all morphological types of larvae well (0.8562≤R2≤0.9742).The equations obtained can be used to compute dry mass for most beetle larvae inhabiting dung.
Exploring the relationship of emotional intelligence with mental health status in polish unemployed persons – differences between men and women
Authors: Knopp Katarzyna A.
Published: December 2016

This study investigates the relationship between EI and the state of mental health of unemployed persons. Gender differences were also identified in terms of mental health and its correlation with EI. A sample of 160 Polish unemployed persons aged 35 to 45 years filled in self-descriptive measures of EI and mental health. Significant gender differences were found - unemployed women were characterised by a greater intensity of mental health disorders than unemployed men. EI was negatively correlated with mental health disorders, but the correlations were few and weaker than expected. However, when unemployed persons with a low, average and high EI were compared, it turned out that participants with a low EI were characterised by a significantly worse condition of mental health than participants with a average or high EI.
Finding the Year’s Share in Day-of-Week Calculations
Authors: Abdali S. Kamal
Published: December 2016

The dominant part in the mental calculation of the day of the week for any given date is to determine the year share, that is, the contribution of the two-digit year part of the date. This paper describes a number of year share computation methods, some well-known and some new. The “Parity Minus 3” method, in particular, is a new alternative to the popular “Odd+11” method. The paper categorizes the methods of year share computation, and presents simpler proofs of their correctness than usually provided.
The Morphological Trigger of V-to-T: The Case of Old English
Authors: Castillo Concha
Published: December 2016

This paper deals with the phenomenon of V-to-T movement, which is one of the major parameters differentiating Romance from the majority of modern Germanic languages, and it defends the idea that rich morphology is the cause or trigger of V-to-T: in Romance, in a modern Germanic language like Icelandic, and very particularly in Old English, the precursor of the modern English language. More generally, the discussion endorses the idea that all Germanic languages used to be V-to-T languages in their old periods. I begin by arguing that verbal forms in Spanish contain a specific kind of segment, namely the stem or thematic vowel, which gives rise to morphological variations or asymmetries across tenses in the language. Such a productive system of stem verb classes is also shown to be the case in Icelandic, though not in German (which is therefore rendered as non-V-to-T), and ultimately it is acknowledged for a language like OE. The hypothesis is that the syntactic computation of (OE) verbal forms demands it that the speaker first identifies the verb class that the form in question belongs to before tackling the processing of tense morphology and agreement morphology. In pure syntactic terms, the stem or thematic vowel segment is identified in the present account with a v-feature that T must value, which valuation is realised by means of the displacement of the verb to the T head, that is, by means of V-to-T movement. After the valuation of T’s v-feature comes the valuation of τ-features and φ-features, respectively.
Innovative Directions of the Higher Education of Ukraine
Authors: Klyap Marianna , Klyap Mykhailo
Published: December 2016

The article clarifies the concept of “innovation”, including “educational innovation”, examines some innovative teaching methods in universities. The main approaches of implementation innovations in modern higher education of Ukraine are analysed. It also defines the differences between traditional and innovative teaching, discovers different variants of the classification of innovative teaching methods and formulates basic approaches to the selection of innovative didactic purpose in accordance with the classes, the advantages and disadvantages of the use of certain methods. It tightly describes actual interpretation of innovative study methods in the Ukrainian higher educational institutions, as well as the realization of the innovative aspects in the separate Ukrainian universities. The importance of innovation in the learning process of entering higher education of Ukraine into the European educational space is also being highlighted.
Screening of cytotoxic, anti-angiogenic, anti-tumorogenic and antimicrobial activities of Anatolian Vipera ammodytes (Nose-horned viper) venom
Authors: İğci Naşit , Nalbantsoy Ayşe , Erkan Leman Gizem , Akça Gözde Yılmaz , Yalçın Hüsniye Tansel , Yalçın Murat , Göçmen Bayram
Published: December 2016

Objective

In the present study, we aimed to screen the cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorogenic activities of Anatolian Vipera ammodytes (Nose-horned Viper) crude venom.

Material and methods

The cytotoxicity was screened against PC3, HeLa, CaCo-2, U-87MG, MCF-7 and Vero cells by using MTT assay. The antimicrobial activity on Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, E. coli 0157:H7, Enterococcus faecalis 29212, Enterococcus faecium DSM 13590, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Salmonella typhimirium CCM 5445, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6957, Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064 and Candida albicans ATCC 10239 was assayed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration using the broth dilution method. Anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorogenic activity was assessed by using chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay.

Results

The IC50 value of V. ammodytes venom on cultured cells varied from 1.8 to 7.0 μg/mL after 48 h treatment. Venom showed antimicrobial activity on P. vulgaris, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. faecium and C. albicans (the highest activity). The venom exhibited dose-dependent anti-angiogenic activity on CAM model at 2 and 10 μg/mL doses with scores of 1.1 and 2.0, respectively.

Conclusion

The results of the present study contributed to the knowledge of the biological activities of Anatolian V. ammodytes venom and showed its potential for further bioactivity guided characterization studies.
Responsive Rechtssoziologie
Authors: Bora Alfons
Published: December 2016

Die soziologische Theorie ist der Rechtspraxis gegenüber weithin sprachlos. Eine soziologisch gehaltvolle responsive Außenbeobachtung des Rechts steht derzeit nicht zur Verfügung. Die alte Forderung nach einer Soziologie „mit mehr Recht“ bleibt nach wie vor aktuell. Der Beitrag skizziert den reflexionstheoretischen Kern einer Rechtssoziologie, die Autonomie- und Praxisdiskurse integrieren könnte.
Upon Generating Discrete Expanding Integrable Models of the Toda Lattice Systems and Infinite Conservation Laws
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Zhang Xiangzhi , Wang Yan , Liu Jiangen
Published: December 2016

With the help of R-matrix approach, we present the Toda lattice systems that have extensive applications in statistical physics and quantum physics. By constructing a new discrete integrable formula by R-matrix, the discrete expanding integrable models of the Toda lattice systems and their Lax pairs are generated, respectively. By following the constructing formula again, we obtain the corresponding (2+1)-dimensional Toda lattice systems and their Lax pairs, as well as their (2+1)-dimensional discrete expanding integrable models. Finally, some conservation laws of a (1+1)-dimensional generalised Toda lattice system and a new (2+1)-dimensional lattice system are generated, respectively.
Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 2 and Its Relationship With Other Typical Soccer Field Tests in Female Collegiate Soccer Players
Authors: Lockie Robert G. , Jalilvand Farzad , Moreno Matthew R. , Orjalo Ashley J. , Risso Fabrice G. , Nimphius Sophia
Published: December 2016

Lockie, RG, Jalilvand, F, Moreno, MR, Orjalo, AJ, Risso, FG, and Nimphius, S. Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2 and its relationship with other typical soccer field tests in female collegiate soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 31(10): 2667–2677, 2017—The ability to complete high-intensity running is essential for soccer. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 2 (YYIRT2) can measure this capacity, but there is limited information regarding this assessment in collegiate female soccer players. This study investigated the YYIRT2 as a measure of high-intensity running in this population, and its relationship to other soccer field tests. Twenty-one players from a Division I team were recruited. In addition to the YYIRT2, subjects completed linear (0–5, 0–10, and 0–30 m sprint intervals) and change-of-direction (pro-agility and 60-yard shuttle) speed tests, as well as the YYIRT Level 1 (YYIRT1), to assess relationships with YYIRT2 by correlations (p ≤ 0.05). The correlation of YYIRT1 with the speed tests was also assessed. The YYIRT1 and YYIRT2 were standardized using z-scores for comparison with elite benchmarks to investigate relative performance on each test. The YYIRT2 and YYIRT1 distances did not significantly correlate with those of the speed tests (r = −0.251 to 0.274). There was a large relationship between YYIRT2 and YYIRT1 distances (r = 0.582), although the explained variance was low (33.87%). Mean YYIRT2 z-scores (−4.29 ± 1.66) indicated a performance further from elite benchmarks than those of the YYIRT1 (−1.92 ± 1.61), and 90.5% (19 of 21) subjects performed relatively better in the YYIRT1 than YYIRT2. The YYIRT2 provided a more specific measure of high-intensity running to that of the YYIRT1 in collegiate female soccer players. Coaches may consider using the YYIRT2 to gauge and track progress of high-intensity running capabilities and create training programs to improve this ability in female players.
Fat-Free Mass Index in NCAA Division I and II Collegiate American Football Players
Authors: Trexler Eric T. , Smith-Ryan Abbie E. , Blue Malia N.M. , Schumacher Richard M. , Mayhew Jerry L. , Mann J. Bryan , Ivey Pat A. , Hirsch Katie R. , Mock Meredith G.
Published: December 2016

Trexler, ET, Smith-Ryan, AE, Blue, MNM, Schumacher, RM, Mayhew, JL, Mann, JB, Ivey, PA, Hirsch, KR, and Mock, MG. Fat-free mass index in NCAA Division I and II collegiate American football players. J Strength Cond Res 31(10): 2719–2727, 2017—Fat-free mass index (FFMI) is a height-adjusted assessment of fat-free mass (FFM), with previous research suggesting a natural upper limit of 25 kg·m−2 in resistance trained male athletes. The current study evaluated upper limits for FFMI in collegiate American football players (n = 235) and evaluated differences between positions, divisions, and age groups. The sample consisted of 2 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I teams (n = 78, n = 69) and 1 Division II team (n = 88). Body composition was assessed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and used to calculate FFMI; linear regression was used to normalize values to a height of 180 cm. Sixty-two participants (26.4%) had height-adjusted FFMI values above 25 kg·m−2 (mean = 23.7 ± 2.1 kg·m−2; 97.5th percentile = 28.1 kg·m−2). Differences were observed among position groups (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.25), with highest values observed in offensive linemen (OL) and defensive linemen (DL) and lowest values observed in offensive and defensive backs. Fat-free mass index was higher in Division I teams than Division II team (24.3 ± 1.8 kg·m−2 vs. 23.4 ± 1.8 kg·m−2; p < 0.001; d = 0.49). Fat-free mass index did not differ between age groups. Upper limit estimations for FFMI seem to vary by position; although the 97.5th percentile (28.1 kg·m−2) may represent a more suitable upper limit for the college football population as a whole, this value was exceeded by 6 linemen (3 OL and 3 DL), with a maximal observed value of 31.7 kg·m−2. Football practitioners may use FFMI to evaluate an individual's capacity for additional FFM accretion, suitability for a specific position, potential for switching positions, and overall recruiting assessment.
Whole-Body Vibration Improves Early Rate of Torque Development in Individuals With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Pamukoff Derek N. , Pietrosimone Brian , Ryan Eric D. , Lee Dustin R. , Brown Lee E. , Blackburn J. Troy
Published: December 2016

Pamukoff, DN, Pietrosimone, B, Ryan, ED, Lee, DR, Brown, LE, and Blackburn, JT. Whole body vibration improves early rate of torque development in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Strength Cond Res 31(11): 2992–3000, 2017—The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) and local muscle vibration (LMV) on early and late quadriceps rate of torque development (RTD), and electromechanical delay (EMD) in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Twenty individuals with ACLR were recruited for this study. Participants performed isometric squats while being exposed to WBV, LMV, or no vibration (control) in a randomized order during separate visits. Early and late quadriceps RTD and EMD were assessed during a maximal voluntary isometric knee extension before and immediately after WBV, LMV, or control. There was a significant condition by time interaction for early RTD (p = 0.045) but not for late RTD (p = 0.11) or EMD of the vastus medialis (p = 0.15), vastus lateralis (p = 0.17), or rectus femoris (p = 0.39). Post hoc analyses indicated a significant increase in early RTD after WBV (+5.59 N·m·s−1·kg−1; 95% confidence interval, 1.47–12.72; p = 0.007). No differences were observed in the LMV or control conditions, and no difference was observed between conditions at posttest. The ability to rapidly produce knee extension torque is essential to physical function, and WBV may be appropriate to aid in the restoration of RTD after ACLR.
Quantifying the Effect of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing on Exercise Performance
Authors: Peart Daniel J.
Published: December 2016

Peart, DJ. Quantifying the effect of carbohydrate mouth rinsing on exercise performance. J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1737–1743, 2017—The purpose of this study was to review the existing literature investigating carbohydrate mouth rinsing as an ergogenic aid using the effect sizes (ES) and percentage change in performance of the respective studies as outcome measures. A trivial-small average overall ES was present for the 25 studies included in the review (0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.10–0.27). Effect sizes for the subgroups were ≥25 minutes (0.25, 95% CI = 0.14–0.36), ≤180 seconds (0.06, 95% CI = −0.03 to 0.15), resistance exercise (−0.09, 95% CI = −0.20 to 0.03) but the ES is still small. A subanalysis of ∼1-h cycling time trial performance resulted in an overall ES of 0.20 (95% CI = 0.02–0.38), and ES for performance time and power output of 0.31 (95% CI = −0.02 to 0.64) and 0.19 (95% CI = −0.09 to 0.46), respectively. Although ES were small, the average percentage change in performance in ∼1-hour trials was 2.48%, which may have implications for elite performers as this is greater than the 1.30% smallest worthwhile change recommended in the past research.