bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of sleep improvement in patients undergoing lumbar spine decompression
Authors: McNassor Ryan , Yang Jennifer , Shost Michael D. , Benzil Deborah L.
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE

Degenerative spine conditions affect many people each year. These conditions have been shown to negatively impact pain, function, and patient quality of life (QOL), which often require surgical intervention. It is understood that sleep plays an important role in all of these factors. However, the relationship between sleep disruption and lumbar surgery is not well understood. The objective of this study was to use a large database to understand the relationship between sleep quality and lumbar spine surgery outcomes.

METHODS

The surgical database of the authors’ institute was used to identify all patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery for degenerative spine disease from January 1, 2012, through December 31, 2021. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) sleep disturbance scores were collected, and only patients with both pre- and postoperative scores were included. Additional measures related to disability, pain, and depression were also obtained. Chart review was performed to collect patient demographics, health risk factors, and information related to sleep disturbances such as sleep medication usage and prior sleep condition diagnosis.

RESULTS

The study had 674 patients who met the criteria. At 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, there was a significant decrease in sleep disruption scores (i.e., sleep improvement), although these decreases were not greater than the minimal clinically important difference (MCID). When stratified based on preoperative sleep quality, patients with poor preoperative scores (PROMIS sleep disruption > 63.04) showed a significant decrease in sleep disruption by 8.17 at 3 months, 7.99 at 6 months, and 7.21 at 12 months. All of these decreases were greater than the sleep disruption MCID of 6.5. Multivariate analysis showed high preoperative sleep disruption and improvement in PROMIS physical health were most associated with decreased postoperative sleep disruption at all postoperative time points.

CONCLUSIONS

In patients with degenerative spine conditions, lumbar spine surgery offers improvement in sleep disruption for all patients. Those with poor preoperative sleep quality are more likely to see clinical improvement in their sleep disruption.
Ideal length of accessory rod for the prevention of rod fracture after pedicle subtraction osteotomy in adult spinal deformity: short or long?
Authors: Lee Ki Young , Lee Jung-Hee , Kang Kyung-Chung , Cho Seong Jin , Jang Woo Jae
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE

Pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) is an effective surgical procedure for adult spinal deformity (ASD). However, the complexity of the procedure and its associated complications including rod fracture (RF) remain challenging issues. Among several RF reduction methods, the accessory rod (AR) is an important surgical technique. To date, knowledge about the ideal length and configuration of the AR is limited. This study aimed to assess the influence of the connection levels and configuration of the AR on RF occurrence in patients with ASD who underwent long level constructs and PSO.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively selected 57 consecutive patients (mean age 70.6 years) who underwent deformity correction including PSO and the AR technique with a minimum 2-year follow-up. The patients were classified into a non-RF group (n = 49) and an RF group (n = 8). Along with analysis of patient and radiological factors in the 2 groups, comparative studies were performed including configuration of the AR (D shaped vs linear shaped) and the connection levels of AR (long AR [the lower end below S1–2] vs short AR [above L5–S1]).

RESULTS

The overall rate of RF incidence was 14% (8/57 cases) at an average of 42.5 months (2 patients with unilateral RF and 6 with bilateral RF). RF occurred most commonly at the L4–5 level, below the lower end of the AR: 6 below the lower end of the AR and 2 at the PSO site. There were no significant differences in patient and radiological factors between the groups. Comparisons between the 2 groups indicated that more RFs occurred when the configuration of the AR was a linear shape (p = 0.016) and when the distal end of the AR was above L5–S1 (p = 0.025).

CONCLUSIONS

In this study the authors found that the D-shaped configuration of the AR and lower end of the AR below S1–2 (i.e., long AR) could be preventive methods for reducing RF after deformity correction performed using PSO and the AR technique for ASD. Here, the authors have provided the first comprehensive outline for the AR technique. These findings could establish effective guidelines for spine surgeons.
Student’s Science Literacy in Science Learning at Elementary School
Authors: Rizky Cahyaningtyas  , Anatri Desstya
Published: February 2024

This study aims to describe literacy in science learning in elementary schools. This study uses a type of qualitative research. This research was conducted at SDN 1 Karangsari which is located in Karangsari Village, Kec. Rowosari, Kab. Kendal, Prov. Central Java with postal code 51354. This analysis makes use of both primary and secondary sources of information. Interviews, observations, and field notes are all tools used in data collection. Methods for gathering data, reducing it, presenting it, and drawing conclusions from it. Use data triangulation to verify the accuracy of your findings. The conclusion of this study is that scientific literacy in science learning at SDN 1 Karangsari has been instilled. With reference to indicators, identify and explain scientifically valid phenomena (about blood circulation), evaluate and design investigations (about the properties of light), interpret data and conclusions based on scientific evidence (about the occurrence of rainbows).
Teaching English in Inclusive Primary School: Teachers’ Challenges and Coping Strategies
Authors: Shilvani Shilvani , Yohanes Gatot Sutapa Yuliana  , Clarry Sada
Published: February 2024

This research investigated the teachers' challenges and coping strategies in teaching English in ZonaKata Inclusive Primary School in the academic year 2022/2023. This research was designed as qualitative case-study research to discover teachers' challenges and coping strategies when teaching English in inclusive settings. Five teachers who teach grades one through five at ZonaKata Inclusive Primary School participated in the study. The observation, interviews, and a review of the documents showed that the students' emotional-behavioral problems and communication-language features problems are the teacher's challenges during English teaching-learning. Therefore, the coping strategies that the teachers used were through developing and maintaining a good relationship with the students, differentiation (content, process, and product) to accommodate the different needs of the students, and collaboration between teachers in teaching. In short, the combination of these strategies effectively dealt with challenges and is recommended for teaching English in inclusive schools.
Reading Interest and Teacher’s Efforts in Increasing Reading Interest for Elementary Schools
Authors: Maryatiningsih Ria Rizky , Abduh Muhammad
Published: February 2024

Interest in reading is one aspect that is the progress of the nation and state. Reading provides a cognitive experience that can stimulate the mind. The research was conducted at Mangkubumen Kidul Elementary School No.16 Laweyan District, Surakarta City. The purpose of the research conducted by researchers is to analyze the efforts made by teachers to increase students' reading interest. The research method used by researchers is qualitative research method with a case study approach. Data collection methods used are observation, interviews and documentation. The research subjects included school principals, teachers and students in class II and class V. The object of the study was the teacher's efforts to increase students' interest in reading at Mangkubumen Kidul Elementary School No. 16. The data validity technique used is data triangulation. Data analysis used is data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results and research findings include teachers having strategies by motivating students always read and creating an academic and literative environment. The obstacle experienced is the competition between reading books and current gadgets which greatly influences students to have a good character of interest in reading.
Exploring Self-Regulated Learning Strategies and Academic Performance among Orphanage Secondary School Students
Authors: Rahmadhani Devy Yuniastuti , Budiraharjo Markus
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the self-regulated learning strategies employed by secondary school students living in Panti Asuhan Bahagia Sampit.  It attempted to reveal some variables influencing their self-regulated learning strategies in relation to their academic achievement.  Using a qualitative research methodology and a narrative approach, the study was laid upon a social cognitive theory. Drawing from 45 children as the population of the study, six participants were selected for the study using purposive sampling. Each participant was interviewed twice, with each lasting for about 30 minutes. The findings demonstrated that those exhibiting high levels of self-regulation outperform those exhibiting low levels of self-regulation or lacking self-regulated learning. Personal, behavioral, and environmental factors all had an impact on how students underwent self-regulated learning. The study is set to offer efficient interventions to help secondary school children from orphanages succeed academically by examining those areas.
The Effect of Inquiry-Based Learning on Students’ Critical Thinking Ability and Activeness in Reaction Rate Material
Authors: Latifah Ulfa Nur , Suprihatiningrum Jamil
Published: February 2024

Studying chemistry is more than just gaining knowledge; it is also about exploring new ideas and finding new ways to understand what we already know. However, most students participate less when studying chemistry. They tend to memorize the concept and think less critically to understand and obtain solutions to a problem. Reaction rate is material closely related to practicum, which requires students to think more critically and participate actively in obtaining information. This research aims to determine the effect of inquiry-based learning on students’ critical thinking skills and activeness in reaction rate material. The type of this research is Quasi Experiment. The research design used was a Pretest-Posttest, Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. The population of this research was class XI MIPA students. The sampling technique used was the cluster random sampling technique. Researchers used test instruments and observations as data collection techniques. The research results from the Mann-Whitney U test show that the significance value or Sig (2-tailed) is (0.001). If compared, the value will be smaller than alpha 0.05 (0.001 < 0.05); this shows that the hypothesis is accepted, and it can be concluded that there is a difference in critical thinking between the experimental group and the control group. The results of descriptive statistical tests on the observation sheet show that the average activity of experimental group students is higher than that of the control group in each indicator. Thus, the inquiry-based learning model influences students' critical thinking skills and activeness in reaction rate material.
Social Presence and Satisfaction in Online Learning between Indonesian and Malaysian Students
Authors: Putra Eka
Published: February 2024

Online learning has become increasingly popular in the educational environment, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic. This research aims to describe the social presence and satisfaction of students in online learning, as well as examine the relationship between social presence and student satisfaction. A cross-sectional online study was conducted, involving 508 Indonesian and Malaysian postgraduate students from August 5 to October 2, 2023. Participants completed the social presence and student satisfaction scale developed by Gunawardena and Zittle. Data analysis techniques included descriptive statistics, the Man-Whitney test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman's Rank-Order Correlation using SPSS 26.00. The social presence and student satisfaction were categorized as good, as there were no items with scores below average. Univariate analysis indicated that the online learning experience and the quality of the network in the place of residence were determining factors for the differences between the variables, while other characteristics, including the country (Indonesia and Malaysia), showed no significant differences. Correlation analysis indicated a positive relationship between social presence and student satisfaction. This research has important implications for improving the quality of online learning. Universities should consider revising their curriculum to be more ICT-friendly, helping students become familiar with using the platform. Educational policies should also focus on training and developing educators to effectively implement online learning. Additionally, government support is crucial in realizing high-quality online learning.
The Students’ Perception of Technique Used by the Teacher in Teaching Speaking at Vocational High School
Authors: Gardini Nosa Violeta , Hikmat Mauly Halwat
Published: February 2024

The research focused on students' perceptions of teaching techniques in English speaking skills at vocational high school in Kebumen. The method employed in this research is a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The instrument used comprises 8 statement items crafted from the aspect of perception. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistical tests complemented by frequency distribution analysis. The sample for this research consisted of 86 students from grades XI at vocational school in Kebumen. The results showed varying perspectives among the students: Around 60.1% of students expressed positive views regarding the usefulness of diverse techniques employed in speaking practices, such as dialogues and role plays.  Approximately 41.1% perceived teaching tools, including audio and visual aids, as supportive in comprehending speaking materials. Roughly 54.1% of students believed that the methods used, particularly those involving concrete examples and relevant exercises, facilitated their understanding of speaking materials. Concerning constructive feedback, 67.3% of students acknowledged its role in improving their speaking skills. Around 50.2% of the respondents supported the idea that the chosen teaching materials effectively assisted in their comprehension. A significant majority, approximately 89.9%, felt motivated to learn speaking due to the teacher's approach
Utilization of Waste in Cultivating Creativity of P5-Based Class IV Students In Elementary School
Authors: Romandhoni Viona Nova , Fathoni Achmad
Published: February 2024

This research was motivated by the low creativity of students in utilizing waste. Even though at school students have been provided with trash bins according to their type. This study aims to analyze the stages of P5 through the use of waste in fostering student creativity as well as the supporters and obstacles in fostering student creativity at SD Muhammadiyah PK Kottabarat. The research method used used a qualitative approach with a case study type of research. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses an interactive model. Data validity uses triangulation of techniques and sources. The results of this study indicate that (1) There are four stages in the implementation of the project including: a) Introduction, the activity is to find information on the utilization of used goods around and clean Friday at my school; b) Contextualization, the activities are outing projects and formative assessments; c) Action, the activities are the "Towards SD PK Zero Waste" movement campaign and making works from used goods; and d) Reflection, the activity is to carry out product exhibitions (2) Supporting and inhibiting factors in fostering student creativity through the utilization of waste, supporting factors can come from the school. while the inhibiting factors are requiring a long time and lack of consistency in completing an activity.

Keywords: project to strengthen the profile of pancasila students, waste utilization, creativity
The The Influence of School Well-Being on Learning Achievement of Full Day School of Elementary Students
Authors: Lebdaningrum Anissa Nur , Zainuddin Almuntaqo
Published: February 2024

The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between school well-being and academic performance among full-day students enrolled at MI Muhammadiyah PK Wirogunan Kartasura. This is a descriptive-quantitative study employing an explanatory methodology. The study sample comprised 127 upper-class students enrolled at MI Muhammadiyah PK Wirogunan Kartasura during the academic year 2022–2023. The research employed a total sampling technique to select the sample, resulting in 127 samples utilised for the study. This research makes use of documentation, questionnaires, and observation as data collection methods. Simultaneously, a questionnaire comprising 25 items was employed as the data collection instrument in this study. This study employs a variety of data analysis techniques, including tests of research instruments' validity and reliability, tests of classical assumptions, and hypothesis testing via simple linear regression analysis. The findings of this research indicated that student learning achievement at MI Muhammadiyah PK Wirogunan Kartasura was significantly impacted by school well-being. The t-count value (3.7788) exceeded the critical t-value (1.657) from the t-table, and the p-value (0.000) was less than 0.05. Furthermore, according to the findings of the study, the indicator of belonging in school well-being has the highest mean value.
Implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile in Pancasila Education Subjects to Improve Democratic Character
Authors: Octavia Azka Azizah , Tirtoni Feri
Published: February 2024

The Pancasila learner profile is an implementation of the Merdeka curriculum which includes the character building of students. Character education is closely related to the Pancasila learner profile in the Merdeka curriculum in a formal education environment which aims to shape character in accordance with the values of Pancasila. Pancasila education is one of the subjects integrated with the Pancasila learner profile. Meanwhile, the character of democracy in research can develop through the Pancasila learner profile applied in the classroom. So, the purpose of this study is to describe the form of implementation of the Pancasila learner profile in Pancasila education subjects to improve the democratic character of 4th grade elementary school students and to determine the impact of the implementation of the Pancasila learner profile on democratic character. This research is a qualitative research. This research data comes from observation results, interview results, and results, documentation. Data analysis used in the form of data reduction, data display, and conclusing drawing. The results showed that the implementation of the Pancasila learner profile at SDN Barengkrajan 2 in the Pancasila Education subject found no obstacles, it's just that teachers still need adjustments in its implementation. The Pancasila learner profile has a good impact on the development of students' democratic character because the implementation of the Merdeka curriculum emphasizes students so that students can be free in shaping democratic character in learning activities.
Overview of the Student Learning Environment of the Universitas Padjadjaran Nursing Profession Study Program
Authors: Aini Erina Nur , Agustina Hana Rizmadewi , Permana Ryan Hara
Published: February 2024

The learning environment is an important component in determining the quality and success of the nursing education curriculum. A learning environment that is not supportive can result in decreased student learning performance, including decreased interest and motivation, anxiety and stress, and reduced self-confidence. Evaluation of the learning environment helps improve the quality of the learning environment which consists of the learning process, teaching staff, academic achievement, learning atmosphere, and social environment. This research aims to identify a description of the learning environment for students in the Padjadjaran University nursing professional study program. This research design will use a quantitative descriptive research design. The sampling technique that will be used is proportionate stratified random sampling with 142 nursing professional students as samples. The instrument used is the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) with 50 statement items. The data analysis that will be carried out is univariate analysis. The results of research on the learning environment dimension show an average score of 148.96/200 in the good category. The average is obtained for each sub-variable; learning process (35.44/48), teaching staff (33.74/44), academic achievement (25.44/32), learning atmosphere (34.49/48), and social environment (19.82/28). Academic achievement with the highest score and social environment with the lowest score. The assessment of the learning environment for nursing professional students shows the Good category, which means that the learning environment for the nursing profession is running well, although there are things that need to be improved and corrected to improve the quality of learning.
Ethnopedagogy-Based Literacy E-Modules in Pancasila Education Subject
Authors: Hadian Nila Sekardhani , Tirtoni Feri
Published: February 2024

This article examines the level of validity and effectiveness in the use of literacy e-module teaching materials with ethnopedagogy as a learning approach in Pancasila Education subjects. The research method chosen is Research & Development with the ADDIE development model. The subjects in this study were material and learning media experts and e-module product trials on students. E-module teaching materials were used as the object of research. Data collection used interview sheets, teacher and learner needs analysis sheets, pre-test and post-test questionnaires, and respondent questionnaires. The data analysis used descriptive qualitative and descriptive quantitative methods. The results of this study state that in the product validation test by experts obtained a result of 1 using the Gregory test calculation and included in the category with Very High Validity. For the Learner trial, it obtained a score of 87.68% with very good criteria. Based on the results of the results of working on the pre-test and post-test questions of students with the N-Gain Score test, a value of 75.43% was obtained, with the N-Gain effectiveness category being "quite effective". Then, for the acquisition of the N-Gain Score value of 0.56 with the criteria for increasing the learning outcomes of "Moderate" Learners. Overall, the validation results can prove that ethnopedagogy-based literacy e-module teaching materials in Pancasila Education subjects for grade IV at SD Negeri Keret are very feasible to be applied in learning.
INSURTECH В СИСТЕМІ УПРАВЛІННЯ БІЗНЕС-ПРОЦЕСАМИ СТРАХОВИХ КОМПАНІЙ
Authors: МАТВІЙЧУК Леся
Published: February 2024

У статті досліджено наукові підходи до визначення сутності поняття «бізнес-процес», запропоновано авторський підхід до розкриття змісту даного поняття. Виокремлено властивості бізнес-процесів та досліджено особливості застосування процесного підходу в діяльності вітчизняних страхових компаніях. Розглянуто найпопулярніші технологічні рішення, які використовуються в InsurTech-проєктах, досліджено обсяги залучення інвестицій в процеси інноватизації страхового бізнесу в розрізі галузевої структури страхування та визначено переваг від впровадження інновацій у практичну діяльність вітчизняних страхових компаній.
Perencanaan Grenbelt pada Lansekap Bantaran Sungai Wilayah Perkotaan
Authors: Wuisang Cynthia E.V , Rondonuwu Dwight M.
Published: February 2024

Pada banyak kota besar di Indonesia, eksistensi dan kehidupan, kelestarian dan juga estetika lingkungan dari beberapa sungai dan bantarannya telah terancam. Hal ini terlihat dengan adanya dampak negatif yang terjadi seperti erosi, banjir, adanya limbah polutan, penyempitan sungai ataupenggunaan lahan yang tidak sesuai pada tepian sungai.Penyebab utamanya adalah kurangnya pemahaman sistim alami dan pengelolaan yang kurang sesuai dengan karakter sungai-sungai yang mengalir di kawasan tersebut. Keterkaitan fisik dan sosial budaya masyarakat disekitarnya juga merupakan permasalahan lain yang perlu dikaji seperti manfaat domestik sungai tersebut bagi masyarakat untuk mandi, mencuci dan lainnya. Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan mempelajari karakter serta fungsi bantaran sungai di kawasan perkotaan sebagai satu bagian dari sistim DAS dan mengkaji model perencanaan lansekap yang berkaitan dengan tata hijau sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan bantaran sungai wilayah perkotaan. Studi dilakukan di wiayah perkotaan dengan metoda kualitatif dan dengan mengambil kasus kota Manado. Melalui studi ini diharapkan menjadi masukan bagi pemerintah terkait untuk dapat melakukan strategi penataan lansekap secara efisien dan produktif sehingga bentuk dan peran serta fungsi fisik dan ekologis yang diinginkan dan berkelanjutan dapat dicapai secara optimal.
Investigasi Ventilasi Gaya-Angin Rumah Tradisional Indonesia dengan Simulasi CFD
Authors: Suhendri  , Koerniawan M. Donny
Published: February 2024

Bangunan modern di Indonesia hampir selalu menggunakan peralatan mekanis untuk menyediakan kenyamanan termal di dalam bangunan. Sementara bangunan tradisional dikenal tidak menggunakan strategi aktif dalam menyediakan kenyamanan termal bagi penghuninya. Dengan memfokuskan pada ventilasi gaya-angin, studi ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pola pergerakan udara dan perubahan angin di dalam rumah tradisional Indonesia. Dua rumah tradisional dipilih sebagai studi kasus, Rumah Lampung dan Rumah Jawa, untuk dianalisis dengan simulasi komputer menggunakan software CFD. Sejalan dengan hasil studi, ventilasi alami pada rumah tradisional di Indonesia berpotensi menyediakan kenyamanan termal di dalam bangunan. Desain Rumah Jawa lebih dapat mengalirkan udara secara merata di dalam bangunan tanpa turbulensi dibanding Rumah Lampung. Namun, ventilasi gaya-angin yang terjadi pada Rumah Lampung dan Rumah Jawa belum optimal dalam mengurangi temperatur di dalam ruangan.
Quality control of instruments for measuring the characteristics of bactericidal UV radiation
Authors: Minaeva O. A. , Ragutkin A. V. , Anevsky S. I. , Minaev R. V. , Minh Th. T. , Romanova I. A.
Published: February 2024

Objectives. Quality control of instruments for measuring bactericidal irradiance of ultraviolet (UV) radiation is based on studying the main metrological characteristics. These characteristics include: angular and spectral sensitivity; linearity range; and absolute calibration in irradiance units. Deviations of the angular sensitivity of measuring instruments from the ideal cosine characteristic can significantly impact error estimation. They can also lead to the distortion of measurement results and a significant difference in instrument readings. The aim of this work is to enhance accuracy in resolving metrological problems of determining irradiance of bactericidal radiation.

Methods. An effective method of resolving this problem is to introduce correction coefficients for the angular sensitivity of radiometers, spectroradiometers and dosimeters. The values are calculated based on the results of measurements on the goniometer when testing measuring instruments. An important role is played by computer models and digital twins of measuring instruments based on the results of studies of the metrological characteristics of radiometers by means of software. This includes modeling the measuring task.

Results. The study of angular dependence of bactericidal UV radiometer sensitivity complemented by an analysis of measurement results obtained by other authors allows determining the value of the angular sensitivity correction coefficients by the deviation of the angular sensitivity of the irradiance measuring instruments of bactericidal radiation from the standard cosine dependence.

Conclusions. Deviations of the angular dependence of bactericidal radiation UV radiometer sensitivity from the cosine characteristic lead to a significant underestimation of the irradiance measurements results from extended emitters. An effective solution is the use of digital angular sensitivity correction coefficients to measure the irradiance of bactericidal radiation determined during tests. When assessing the quality of radiometers, spectroradiometers and dosimeters for bactericidal radiation, incomplete control of the main metrological characteristics of the measuring instruments creates risks of serious errors in the measurement results of bactericidal irradiance.
Detection of defects in printed circuit boards by the acoustic emission method
Authors: Uvaysov S. U. , Luu N. T. , Nguyen C. D. , Vo Th. H. , Dolmatov A. V.
Published: February 2024

Objectives. Defects in the form of layering may occur during lamination in the production of multilayer printed circuit boards (MPCB). These defects cannot be detected by optical and electrical methods of output control. However, they can lead to breaches of the mechanical mode of operation and failures while running radioelectronic devices. In order to detect such defects, the acoustic emission (AE) method is proposed. This is based on the occurrence and propagation of acoustic waves in MPCBs caused by the presence of defects. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of using the AE method to detect defects in multilayer printed circuit boards. These defects can occur, in particular, in the lamination process.

Methods. A mechanical processes modeling program (for research on the MPCB model) and various samples of two-layer printed circuit boards with pre-introduced defects (for experimental studies) were used to study the propagation of acoustic signals in the MPCB in the presence of defects. A solenoid mounted on the MPCB was used as a source of acoustic signals, while a piezoelectric sensor was used to receive signals. Data processing was carried out by comparing AE signals obtained for a serviceable MPCB sample and for MPCB samples with defects.

Results. Simulation of the acoustic signal propagation in MPCBs in serviceable and faulty (with a rectangular defect in the form of delamination) states was carried out to show the difference in the received signals at the sensor installation point. Experimental studies were also conducted to examine the AE method applicability for detecting defects of various sizes and quantities.

Conclusions. The studies demonstrated that the AE method allows the presence of defects in MPCB occurring during the lamination process to be detected effectively and reliably. This study proposes a new approach to non-destructive testing of MPCB using the AE method. This method significantly increases the reliability of MPCBs and the efficiency of their production processes.
Influence of quadrature transformation imbalance on the noise immunity of signal reception with amplitude-phase shift keying
Authors: Kulikov G. V. , Dang X. Kh.
Published: February 2024

Objectives.At the present time, amplitude-phase shift keyed (APSK) signals are actively used in satellite communication systems. In particular, they are applied in systems which operate in a limited radio frequency spectrum with increased data transmission quality requirements. Such systems use multi-channel type receivers with maximum likelihood decision on the received symbol (correlation receiver) or quadrature type receivers. The noise immunity of these receivers is directly dependent on the quality of the formation of reference oscillations. These oscillations are reference signals for correlation receivers and in-phase and quadrature components for quadrature receivers. The aim of the work is to analyze the influence of the amplitude and phase parameter spread of the in-phase and quadrature channels on the noise immunity of receiving APSK signals with a circular shape of the signal constellation.

Methods.Methods of statistical radio engineering, theory of optimal signal reception, and computer simulation are used.

Results.The study established the characteristics of noise immunity of the APSK signal reception depending on the spread of parameters of the quadrature converter. The theoretical calculations were confirmed by the results of modeling the transmission of APSK signals in a Gaussian communication channel. A comparison with systems using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) was carried out, in order to assess system stability in the presence of spread parameters among other similar systems.

Conclusions.The studies enabled us to conclude that an imbalance of the quadrature reference oscillations can lead to a significant decrease in the noise immunity of radio systems using APSK signals. The minimum energy loss due to imbalance of quadrature reference oscillations is achieved when the imbalance value is less than 10% in amplitude and 2°–3° in phase. The amplitude imbalance of quadrature reference oscillations when receiving QAM signals is more pronounced than in the case of APSK signals. The phase imbalance affects approximately the same.
Control system for noise-resistant electronic speed controller of a brushless electric motor for an unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Parinov M. V. , Yurov A. N. , Skitskiy Ya. V.
Published: February 2024

Objectives. The high demand for unmanned aircraft and their efficiency makes the production of their components a matter of relevance. One of these components is the speed controller of the brushless electric motor of the propeller motor group. At the current time, Russian industry, however, does not mass-produce them. In order to start production, control methods and algorithms for the hardware and software parts of devices of this type are needed. Criteria for selecting the main components also need to be formalized. The aim of this work is to develop a method for the software control of electric motors. This includes block diagrams and invariant algorithms and methods for the calculated selection of parameters of the main microcontroller of the electronic speed controller.

Methods. Methods of algorithmization, expert assessments, linear computational processes and experimental studies were used.

Results. The paper presents the theoretical basis for controlling the required motors. It proposes a block diagram of the implementation of the controller, and a technique for switching windings when controlling with a trapezoidal signal is proposed. Examples are given in the form of an oscillogram. Based on theoretical research, an invariant algorithmic apparatus was developed for building software for various types of microcontrollers. Block diagrams of all the main modules of the software are also presented. The main ones include: the event switching algorithm; and the main endless loop of the microcontroller. The requirements for microcontrollers to create the various types of speed controllers are formalized herein and presented in the form of a set of mathematical expressions. They enable the number of required peripheral devices and microcontroller ports to be calculated according to the requirements for the microcontroller, as well as the computing power of the core used.

Conclusions. Experimental studies show the reliability of the theoretical research presented herein. The results obtained can be used to select the optimal element base and develop software for speed controllers of electric motors of the propellers of unmanned aircraft.
Local spatial analysis of EEG signals using the Laplacian montage
Authors: Slezkin A. A. , Stepina S. P. , Gusein-zade N. G.
Published: February 2024

Objectives. One pressing problem when recording brain activity signals by electroencephalography (EEG) is the need to reduce the effect of interference (artifacts). This study presents a method for resolving this problem using the Laplace differential operator. The aim is to determine the number of electrodes included in the Laplacian montage, as well as to clarify the requirements for the geometric shape of their placement, in order to ensure the best quality of EEG signal processing.

Methods. The Laplacian montage method is based on the use of individual electrodes to determine the second derivative of the signal, proportional to the electric current at the corresponding point on the surface of the head. This approach allows the potential of neural activity of the source located in a small area limited by the electrode complex to be evaluated. By using a small number of equidistant electrodes placed around the target electrode, the Laplacian montage can produce a significantly higher quality signal from the area under the electrode complex.

Results. Among all the methods for constructing the Laplacian montage discussed in the article, a complex consisting of 16 + 1 electrodes was shown to be preferable. The choice of the 16 + 1 scheme was determined by the best compromise between the quality of EEG signal processing and the complexity of manufacturing the electrode complex with given geometric parameters. The quality assessment was carried out by simulating the interference signal which allowed the correctness of the choice of installation design to be evaluated.

Conclusions. The use of the Laplacian montage method can significantly reduce the effect of artifacts. The proposed montage scheme ensures a good suppression of interference signals, the sources of which are located far beyond the projection of the electrode complex. However, not all interference arising from sources deep inside the brain, can be effectively suppressed using the Laplacian montage scheme alone.
Investigation of the families Asteiidae, Lauxaniidae, Mydidae, and Neriidae (Insecta: Diptera)
Authors: Marchiori Carlos Henrique
Published: February 2024

Adults of the Asteiidae Family can be captured with Malaise traps set within the forest, but the best way to obtain specimens is when they are found congregating. At these sites, one can easily capture the adults with the vacuum cleaner. The larvae may be scavengers on the excrement of other insects. Adult Lauxiniidae are sedentary and like shaded places. They can be found in a wide variety of environments such as grasses, flowers, compost capitula, and low foliage, mainly in humid forests near streams and swamps. It was observed that they are more active at the end of the afternoon and, therefore, are easier to collect during this period. Many adults are scraper fungi found on leaves. Larvae in this family are primarily saprophagous, commonly found in fallen leaves, rotting wood or straw, decaying vegetation, and bird nests. Mydidae is a relatively small group of Asiloidea (Diptera) that comprise the largest flies in the world, and little is known about the nature of adults; males visit flowers occasionally, and females are unlikely to feed. The Mydidae constitute a family of Orthorrhapha flies, which includes the largest known dipterans. Larvae of several species of Mydidae feed on immatures of Coleoptera and can be found in nests of _Atta _spp., and _Acromyrmex _spp. ants. All other Neriidae probably feed on other decaying plant organic tissues, such as plant resins and fruit secretions, and more rarely on animal manure and organic matter. Some species of _Glyphidops _Enderlein, Sepúlveda et al. (2014) and _Nerius_ Fabricius, 1805 were observed on freshly felled trunks and branches, in galleries of wood saw beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), while others may be associated with human crops, such as squash, cotton, banana, gourd, and papaya. Some species have high rates of synanthropy, being attracted by cooking odors and becoming common inside homes. Some species are used for behavioral and sexual selection studies. The mini-review aims to verify the themes of the Asteiidae, Lauxiniidae, Mydidae, and Neriidae families such as morphology, biology, and systematics. In terms of the type of research source, we worked with scientific articles published in national and international journals. This modality of production, in addition to being commonly the most valued in the set of bibliographic production, is the most easily accessed. Access to articles was through virtual libraries such as Scielo, ResearchGate, and Hall. Considering only this section constitutes a limitation of the study since articles belonging to journals that integrate other sections of the electronic library could also contribute to the discussion of knowledge production and the writing of interpretative syntheses of each theme.
УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ МЕХАНІЗМУ НАДАННЯ АРІ, PNR-ДАНИХ У ПУНКТАХ ПРОПУСКУ ДЛЯ ПОВІТРЯНОГО СПОЛУЧЕННЯ
Authors: ЧОРНИЙ Артем , ТОКАРЧУК Максим
Published: February 2024

Статтю присвячено теоретичному аналізу змін в законодавстві України з питань надання попередньої інформації про осіб, які перетинають державний кордон у пунктах пропуску для повітряного сполучення, що мали місце протягом 2011–2023 років. Висвітлено зміни та доповнення, які були внесені відповідно до директив Європейського Парламенту в Повітряний кодекс України, Закон України «Про державну програму авіаційної безпеки цивільної авіації» (зобов’язання надавати стандартне повідомлення без цифрового підпису щодо пасажирів міжнародних авіарейсів з використанням захищеного каналу зв’язку «SITA»). Акцентовано на розробленні проєкту Закону України «Про використання попередніх даних реєстрації особи у боротьбі з транскордонною злочинністю», відповідно до якого пропонується створити Національний центр попередніх даних (далі – НЦПД), функції якого буде виконувати окремий структурний підрозділ Державної прикордонної служби України (далі – ДПСУ). Зазначено, що Україна здобула певний досвід щодо надання авіаперевізниками попередньої інформації про пасажирів під час проведення фінальної частини ЄВРО-2012 (авторами статті зроблено порівняльний аналіз варіантів організації прикордонного контролю у пунктах пропуску для повітряного сполучення). Указано, що за ініціативою Служби безпеки України (далі – СБУ) було створено міжвідомчу робочу групу, за результатами роботи якої було активізовано міжвідомчий діалог щодо визначення Державної стратегії в Україні з питань отримання, передавання, використання та захисту завчасної інформації про особу (Advance Passenger Information (далі – API-дані) та попереднього запису імен пасажирів (Passenger Name Record (далі – PNR-дані). З огляду на міжнародну практику авторами визначено індикатори попередніх даних реєстрації особи, зазначено зобов’язання авіаперевізників щодо надання попередніх даних, запропоновано три формати відповідальності авіаперевізників за неякісне (несвоєчасне) надання інформації.
ЗНАЧЕННЯ ПРИКОРДОННОГО КОНТРОЛЮ ДЛЯ ОПЕРАТИВНО-СЛУЖБОВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПРИКОРДОННОЇ СЛУЖБИ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ПРАВОВОГО РЕЖИМУ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ
Authors: ТОКАРЧУК Максим
Published: February 2024

Цю статтю присвячено вивченню важливості прикордонного контролю для оптимальної та ефективної оперативно-службової діяльності Державної прикордонної служби України в умовах правового режиму воєнного стану. Досліджено актуалізовані нормативно-правові акти з питань діяльності ДПСУ у сфері в’їзду / виїзду громадян України через державний кордон України, встановлено пріоритетні напрями функцій прикордонного відомства, серед яких є і прикордонний контроль. Визначено, що прикордонний контроль – це система заходів, що забезпечують контроль за переміщенням осіб, транспортних засобів, вантажів та іншого обладнання через державний кордон України. Його основною метою є забезпечення недоторканності державного кордону, додержання законів та правил в›їзду, виїзду та транзиту через державний кордон. З’ясовано роль та значення прикордонного контролю як невід’ємної складової діяльності прикордонної служби в період воєнного стану, коли загрози безпеці держави збільшуються. Проаналізовано різноманітні аспекти прикордонного контролю, такі як його вплив на недопущення проникнення на територію України агентурної мережі держави-агресора та її пособника, колаборантів із числа громадян України, що здійснили виїзд через тимчасово не діючі пункти пропуску через державний кордон з подальшим потраплянням на територію України задля продовження власної деструктивної діяльності; забезпечення роботи «зернової угоди» з метою підвищення економічної безпеки України; реалізацію комплексу заходів із перевірки законності виїзду осіб, що становлять мобілізаційний резерв та опосередковано впливають на обороноздатність Батьківщини, щодо протидії незаконному виїзду через державний кордон України так званих «ухилянтів». Визначено, що прикордонний контроль є важливим елементом діяльності ДПСУ особливо на період дії правового режиму воєнного стану. З’ясовано, що правильно налаштований та ефективно реалізований прикордонний контроль гарантує захист державного кордону, безпеку громадян та недопущення потенційних загроз національній / воєнній безпеці України.
РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ ЩОДО ФОРМУВАННЯ МОБІЛЬНИХ ПАРКІВ ТЕХНІКИ ПРИКОРДОННИХ ЗАГОНІВ В УМОВАХ ВЕДЕННЯ БОЙОВИХ ДІЙ
Authors: ГОЛОВНЯ Сергій
Published: February 2024

У статті проаналізовано умови для функціонування парків техніки прикордонних загонів в умовах ведення бойових дій. Досліджено недоліки сучасних стаціонарних та польових парків техніки прикордонних загонів, які потребують змін в умовах повномасштабного збройного вторгнення. Розглянуто варіанти комплектування парків прикордонних загонів, що розташовуються в зонах ведення бойових дій. З огляду на основні недоліки стаціонарних і польових парків техніки розроблено вимоги до сучасних парків техніки прикордонних загонів, які беруть до уваги специфіку ведення бойових дій та участі в цих бойових діях підрозділів Державної прикордонної служби України. Зроблено висновок щодо необхідності створення не стаціонарних, а тимчасових мобільних парків модульного типу, здатних швидко трансформуватись залежно від місцевості та завдань, що виконуються, забезпечуючи діяльність бойових прикордонних загонів. Надано пропозиції щодо різних варіантів конструкцій і матеріалів, які здатні забезпечувати як більшу, так і меншу мобільність та можуть використовуватись для будівництва різноманітних паркових приміщень: сховищ техніки, ремонтних майстерень, пунктів пально-мастильних матеріалів, складів, пункту щоденного технічного обслуговування, пункту чищення та миття машин тощо. Розглянута можливість застосування модулів контейнерного типу, різноманітних пневмокаркасних споруд, каркасно-тентових палаток і ангарів, безкаркасних і каркасних ангарів, сендвіч-панелей. Проаналізовано ефективність запропонованих варіантів із вказанням їх переваг та недоліків. Розглянуто приклади створення польових таборів, баз, гаражів та інших інфраструктурних військових об’єктів із застосуванням запропонованих варіантів конструкцій та матеріалів. У статті висвітлено варіанти використання конструкцій більшої і меншої мобільності залежно від потреби в кожному конкретному прикордонному загоні.