bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of potential probiotics isolated from fermented under-utilized Chrysophyllum albidum Linn kernels using microbiological, biochemical and molecular techniques
Authors: Odutayo O E , Adegboye B E , Omonigbehin E A , Ogunlana O O , Afolabi I S
Published: November 2021

Chrysophyllum albidum is a crop of commercial value in Nigeria, however, the seeds are either used for local games or thrown away. This study aimed at exploring this under-utilized kernel as a novel source for obtaining health beneficial bacteria with desired probiotic characteristics. Isolation of potential probiotic bacteria from naturally fermented C. albidum seeds was carried out and followed by their safety evaluation, Gram staining, catalase test, acid tolerance, bile tolerance, cellular hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation assays. 16S rRNA sequencing and the detection of bile salt hydrolase (bsh) gene were the molecular methods applied for the bacteria characterization. Three potential probiotic bacteria were isolated from the fermented seeds. All isolates were non-haemolytic, Gram positive cocci, and catalase negative, grew in 1% bile, acidic pH of 3.5, and showed good auto-aggregation property. 16Sr RNA sequencing revealed isolates to be strains of Enterococcus durans, and the bsh gene was detected in all the strains. In conclusion, novel naturally fermented foods as seen in the fermented C. albidum kernels can serve as sources for the isolation of probiotic bacteria with great interest, and thus serve as starter culture to improve the organoleptic property of dairy and non-dairy foods.
Electric Field Dependent Textural Variation inside the Liquid Crystal Droplets with Homeotropic Alignment
Authors: Sharma Vandna , Kumar Pankaj
Published: November 2021

The alignment of liquid crystal inside the droplets highly influences the electro-optical behaviour of polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs). In PDLCs with initial transparent state, LC droplets exhibit homeotropic boundary conditions with darker zone at the centre with ring shaped boundary. In the present work, the textures were observed under parallel and crossed polarizers. The captured information revealed that there are no changes in the central zone of the droplets due to the perfect homeotropic alignment of liquid crystals inside the droplet. The count of the droplets with different ranges was measured using ImageJ software. Further, the effect of electric field on textural variation inside the droplets, measuring the ratio of the size of darker zone to the size of droplet (a/d) was analysed by applying image processing. The response curve was obtained for different range of sizes of droplets from the plot of a/d ratio vs applied voltage and found supportive to the measure of the textural variation inside the LC droplets. Therefore, the a/d ratio can be the valuable parameter for optimizing the parameters such as droplet size, area of darker zone and required voltage for energy efficient PDLC devices.
Highly Sensitive Organic Phototransistors Fabricated from PCPDTBT:PCBM Blend
Authors: Yadav Nidhi , Kumari Nikita , Ando Yoshito , Pandey Shyam S , Singh Vipul
Published: November 2021

Organic phototransistors (OPTs) play a crucial role in various light sensing and imaging applications. In this work, we have fabricated highly sensitive Poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b’]dithiophene)-alt-4,7(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT)/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blended thin film based OPTs using ribbon-floating film transfer method. A high charge carrier mobility (μ) of 0.002 cm2V−1s−1 and an Ion/Ioff of 6 × 104 was showcased by the blended polymer thin film based OPT as compared to its pristine polymer thin film based counterpart which had a μ of 0.001 cm2V−
1s−1 and an Ion/Ioff of 9 × 103. Further, the blended polymer thin film based OPT demonstrated a high photosensitivity of 6.6 × 103 and a photoresponsivity of 0.13 A/W towards white light which were much superior than those of many of the previously reported polymer thin film based OPTs. The results hold crucial significance towards the development of cost effective blended polymer thin film based OPTs.
Optical klystron undulator radiation with electromagnetic wave undulator
Authors: Huse V B , Thakare N B , Prakash B
Published: November 2021

In the present study we proposed optical klystron in an electromagnet wave undulator. We consider the circularly polarized electromagnetic waves are travelling collinearly in opposite direction formed a beat wave. Spectral properties of the beat wave optical klystron are analysed and investigated using Lienard-Wiechert potential. We observed spikes as well as sidebands on the either side of the fundamental frequency.
MBJ-neutrosophic Ideals of KU-algebras
Authors: Manivasan S. , Kalidass P.
Published: November 2021

In this paper, the notion of MBJ-neutrosophic ideal for KU-algebra is introduced and its properties are investigated. Also, a condition for an MBJ-neutrosophic subalgebra to be an MBJ-neutrosophic ideal and converse part of a KU-algebra are discussed.
Cosmic inflation in some viable modified models of f(R) gravity of polynomial-exponential form
Authors: On Vo Van , Dang Nguyen Hai
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we present the cosmic inflation scenario in some viable models of the f(R) modified gravity of polynomial-exponential form. Results show that the magnitude of the parameter β in these viable models is at the order of 5.67x10–76 and the time of inflation is at the order of 4.6 x 10–35 s.
Numerical Solution of Fourth-Order Boundary Value Problems for Euler-Bernoulli Beam Equation using FDM
Authors: Adak M. , Mandal A.
Published: November 2021

Euler-Bernoulli beam equation is widely used in engineering, especially civil and mechanical engineering to determine the deflection or strength of bending beam. In physical science and engineering, to predict the deflection for beam problem, bending moment, soil settlement and modeling of viscoelastic flows, fourth-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) is widely used. The analytical solution of most of the higher order ordinary differential equations with complicated boundary condition that occur in any engineering problems is not easy way. Therefore, numerical technique based on finite difference method (FDM) is comparatively easy and important for solving the boundary value problems (BVP). In this study four boundary conditions (Neumann condition) are considered for solving BVP. Absolute error calculation, numerical stability and convergence are discussed. Two examples are considered to illustrate the finite difference method for solving fourth order BVP. The numerical results are rapidly converged with exact results. The results shows that the FDM is appropriate and reliable for such type of problems. Thus present study will enhance the mathematical understanding of engineering students along with an application in different field.
The influence of polymer on optical and thermal properties of nematic liquid crystals
Authors: Mani Santosh , Rai Pushpendra , Khosla Samriti , Sarawade Pradip
Published: November 2021

Polymer is substance which consists of large number of molecules and plays a very important in our everyday life. In the present study the effect of different concentration of polymer Poly Methyl Methacrylate on the optical and thermal properties of nematic liquid crystal were investigated. The polymer was dispersed in the liquid crystal by polymerization induced phase separation method. The physical properties were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy. We found various textures according to the molecular order and orientation of the liquid crystal and polymer in constrained regions separated by phase boundaries. These composite materials can be used to enhance contrast ratio with more stability for display application and smart window.
A Transient Analysis for Amorphous Photoconductors
Authors: Smrity Manu
Published: November 2021

The study has been carried out for the transient response of photosensors fabricated by amorphous semiconductors under variable levels of excitation when switched off from steady-state. The curves for the entire range of the transient have been plotted in the terms of photoconductivity and they can be converted to current decay curves by multiplying with the applied electric field and the cross-sectional area of the sample. For this purpose, in the calculations, the transit time effect is included. Also, the switching time and gain of the photoconductor have been calculated. It is found that the current gain of the device increases as the density of thermal equilibrium electrons is made higher, compared to that of holes by moving the Fermi level upward. However, this also increased the switching time and its performance, as a switch becomes poorer.
Antisites driven magnetic transition study in La2NiMnO6
Authors: Hissariya R. , Mishra S. K.
Published: November 2021

La2NiMnO6 is a unique compound of multiferroics that exhibits two magnetic transitions of Curie points TC1 and TC2 below room temperature on a partial conversion of charge carriers, Ni2+ → Ni3+ and Mn4+→ Mn3+, stabilized with O2- vacancies in distorted octagons in a double perovskite of a spin cluster (glass), wherein the spins freezing at a critical Tg point at lower temperatures. The peak temperature and irreversibility temperature shifted to the lower temperature. The dc magnetization M (T) measurements indicate random ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions and multiple magnetic transitions. The critical slowing properties signify the spin-glass nature proved by the thermomagnetic relaxation measure.
Biomass gasification of carbonaceous feedstock for syngas production: A Review
Authors: Panchal Aman , Raghuvanshi Vanshika , Ramanjaneyulu Bomma , Ghodke Praveen
Published: November 2021

Biomass is a renewable energy’s most abundant source which includes anything from energy crops or agricultural residue or forestry falls and animal (biogenic) waste. The biomass can be used to produce various products or can be used as an energy source, but utilization of these energy sources should be effective and efficient so the conversion process should be economical, so that it can compete in the market filled from fossil fuel derived products. This paper discusses about the different types of conversion process and the uses of the biomass derived products.
The structural and dynamical properties of aluminosilicate melts: Insight via molecular dynamic simulation
Authors: Dung Mai Van , Dung Tran Thanh , Quynh Truong Duc , Tuan Nguyen Manh , Yen Nguyen Van , Vinh Le The
Published: November 2021

We have studied the structural and dynamical characteristics of xAl2O3(1-x)SiO2 system by means of molecular dynamics simulation at 3000 K using the Born-Mayer potentials. The structural properties have been analysed through the radial distribution function and structural factor. The simulation shows that our results are in good agreement with previous experimental and simulated data. The dynamical heterogeneity (DH) is investigated via the analysis of mobile, immobile, and random atoms. Our simulation indicates that the liquids exists dynamical heterogeneity.
DC conductivity studies of iron decorated polypyrrole
Authors: Basavaraja Patel B M , Revanasiddappa M , Rangaswamy D R , Manjunatha S , Ravikiran Y T
Published: November 2021

Fe-Ppy was synthesized by in situ polymerization with varying the concentration of oxidizing agent (FeCl,3) and green tea extract. As prepared polymer samples have been characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM and TEM. DC conductivity was measured in the temperature range 303-378 K. Obtained results reveals that, the conductivity slightly increases with increase in temperature. Fe (0.31M)-Ppy-10ml green tea extracted sample exhibited highest conductivity as compared to the other composites. Activation energy found to increases up to Fe-(0.92M)-Ppy 30ml sample and it was maximum for Fe (1.54M)-Ppy 50ml sample.
Evaporative deposition of SiO2 nanoparticles multilayer on ITO substrates and application for vertical alignment of liquid crystals - Effect of dichroic dye
Authors: Dogra Ankit Rai , Sharma Vandna , Khanra Partha , Kumar Pankaj
Published: November 2021

In this work the SiO2 nanoparticles layer was deposited by solvent evaporation on ITO substrates and used for vertical alignment of pure and dye doped liquid crystal (LC) in confined cells. The pure nematic liquid crystal (NLC) material was filled into SiO2 layer coated cell by the capillary injection method. The 0.5 wt.% of dichroic dye added into the LC mixture and studied its effect on electro-optic behaviour of display cell. The FESEM study reveals the multilayered deposition of the SiO2 on Indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. Conoscopic and polarised optical microscopy (POM) study show good dark black and bright textures at OFF and ON state under the cross polarizers and confirm vertical alignment (VA) of LC molecules. The electro-optical (E-O) study shows the lower threshold and operating voltage with higher contrast ratio in dye doped vertically aligned LC (VALC) cell as compare to the pure SiO2 coated VALC cell.
Preparation and application of low-cost ceramic membranes for separation of oil-water emulsion
Authors: Gopinath Pooja , Pujari Murali , Kotni Tirumala Rao
Published: November 2021

This work presents the impact of fabricating pressure on the performance of ceramic membranes during the dead-end microfiltration of an oil-water emulsion. The membranes used in this study were fabricated at a pressure of 40 kN and 100 kN using the dry compaction method. The membrane characterization was done using XRD and FTIR analysis. The membrane performance was evaluated by carrying dead-end microfiltration experiments using synthetic oil-water emulsion as a feed at a trans-membrane pressure of 30 psi. The experimental results confirmed that the membrane fabricated at higher fabricating pressure (100 kN) gives better performance in terms of maximum oil rejection of 95.7% with the maximum flux of 2.04x10−3
m3/m2.s.
Spectral Studies on Impact of Alkali Perchlorate (Li/Na/K-ClO4) Salts on the Properties of PVA-Ag-Cr3+ Polymer Nanocomposite Films
Authors: Hemalatha M , Krishna Vinay V , Siva Raju D , Linga Raju Ch
Published: November 2021

Poly (Vinyl alcohol) metal (PVA-Ag-Cr) nanocomposites were prepared by a slow evaporation method with the help of a refluxing procedure. The effect of alkali perchlorate (Li/Na/K-QlO4) salts embedded in PVA-metal nanocomposites were analysed with SEM, XRD, EPR, and optical techniques. The surface structure and topology of the synthesized composites were studied using scanning electron microscopy. The crystallinity of the prepared polymer films has been determined using the X-ray diffraction pattern. Existing changes in some diffraction angle with the alkali salts results the fluctuations in the degree of crystallinity. EPR studies reveal the ‘g’ values at 1.96, 1.93, and 1.98 due to the oxidation exchange-coupled pair. The observed absorption spectra of Cr3+ ions corresponding to Li, Na & KClO4 salts in PVAAgSe polymer films revealed the band positions centered at 220, 275, 480, 535, and 1030 nm of all the alkali chlorates with small shifting in-band positions. This may be due to the inter/intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
Semigraphs and it’s a-Domination
Authors: Narmatha D. , Indhumathy D. , Thilagavathy K. P.
Published: November 2021

The domination concept having much role in graph theory. It give a maximum space to the improvement of graphs and their applications. In this paper, a-domination number of different types of semigraphs are discussed.
Effect of Radiation of Moon on the physical property of Jalkhumbhi (Water hyacinth) Bhasma as a functional nanomaterials for its applications as medicine and in other areas of Science & Technology
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Guha Shambhu Nath , Singh Rakesh Kr. , Singh Jitendra Kr , Prasad Dineshwar , Das Shashank Bhushan , Kumar Nishant
Published: November 2021

Jalkhumbhi Bhasma as Nanomaterials is prepared using ecofriendly green approach in Pushya nakshtra and Rohini nakshtra. The crystal structure was evaluated, using modern scientific tools. X-ray diffaraction measurement shows that crystalline size and lattice constant of Jalkhumbhi bhasma prepared in Push and Rohini nakshtra were found, 26.62 nm and 54.55 nm and lattice constant 6.312A, 6.301A and respectively. This reveals the effect of radiation of moon alter the crystal structure. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) measurement shows functional group present in the materials are of the compound of K, Cl, C-Cl, NH2, C-O-C, C=O, Ca, and Ca(OH)2 respectively. The magnitude of force constant between the atoms are 2.51307 N/cm, 4.16005 N/cm and 2.61932 N/cm, 4.20074 N/cm respectively in both the nakshtras, which measure the interatomic strength. The photoluminescence spectra (PL) reveals that the broad emission of radiation spectrum from both the materials lie in the visible region, showing broad blue emission. The energy band gap value for the most significant intense peak corresponding to 481 nm (2.55 eV) corresponding to 350 nm excitation of radiation and 501 nm (2.475 eV) for 370 nm. The optical property shows that prepared Jalkhambhibhasma may be useful as semiconductor electronics nanomaterials, which were prepared using eco-friendly approach. This may open a new window for material science and pharmaceutical sectar for the production of such materials for electronic based industries, in addition, to using as an evidence based medicine. The effect of natural radiation of moon changes the crystal structure and properties of materials, which are beneficial for health as well as in other areas of science and technology due to its crystalline size and optical properties.
A Competitive Study on MPPT Techniques Employed in Solar PV Systems
Authors: Suresh Arjun , Resmi R
Published: November 2021

Integration of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with photovoltaic (PV) systems is a necessity to track and deliver maximum power available. This paper focuses on comparing the tracking efficiencies of Perturb and Observation method (P&O), Incremental Conductance (IC) and Fuzzy-Logic System based MPPT technique. Change in atmospheric condition such as varying irradiance causes the output power to continuously vary over time. IC as well as P&O based MPPT techniques exhibit poor dynamic responses and so operating points keeps fluctuating. Variation in solar irradiance over a day at constant temperature is given as input to the solar PV module. The algorithm used here implements tracking over the period of a day. All the simulation study are implemented with the use of MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Experimental investigation on the impact of evaporative cooling based battery thermal management system on charging process of valve regulated lead acid batteries in E-bike
Authors: Bhatt Jaydeep M , Ramana P V , Mehta Jignesh R
Published: November 2021

The thermal behaviour of valve regulated lead acid batteries with an evaporative cooling-based thermal management system is experimentally examined during the charging process of an E-bike. The thermal behaviour of valve regulated lead acid batteries is investigated during charging process with three different cooling strategies: evaporative cooling-based battery thermal management system, pre-cooling + battery thermal management system, and natural convection. The valve regulated lead acid batteries from the OREVA ALISH E-bike were used for testing. A portable evaporative cooling system was built for investigation based on available space on the E-bike. The results show that the developed evaporative cooling-based battery thermal management system kept temperatures between 1.5°C and 2.2°C below ambient during the charging process. The temperature of the battery during the charging process is increased slightly, by 1.6°C during the pre-cooling + battery thermal management system cooling mode. The temperature uniformity among valve regulated lead acid batteries was improved during the charging process with pre-cooling + thermal management system cooling mode.
Significantly reduced leakage current density in Mn-doped BiFeO3 thin films deposited using spin coating technique
Authors: Wani Waseem Ahmad , Naaz Nilofar , Harihara Venkataraman B. , Kundu Souvik , Ramaswamy Kannan
Published: November 2021

BiFeO3 (BFO) and Mn-doped BFO thin films are prepared on indium tin oxide/glass substrates using wet chemical deposition technique. The role of Mn defects (3% to 10%) on the leakage current density and other physical properties of BFO thin film devices is investigated. The X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the single-phase formation of rhombohedrally distorted BFO thin films. The scanning electron microscopy images approve uniform and crack-free film depositions, which is of great importance to the practical device applications of such materials. The oxidation states are determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These XPS results reveal the presence of multiple valence states of Fe ions (Fe2+, Fe3+) and Mn (Mn3+, Mn4+) ions, which play a decisive role in determining the leakage current density. However, the Mn-doping at the Fe site in BFO reduces oxygen vacancies and Fe2+ states, hence suppressing the leakage current density. The leakage current density is reduced by three orders of magnitude (10−4 – 10−7) A/cm2, upon Mn-doping as clearly demonstrated by J-V characteristics. These results indicate that the primary contributors to the conduction in BFO based thin films are oxygen vacancies and the Fe2+ states in these devices.
Analysis of machine learning algorithms in brain tumour prediction
Authors: Gupta M , Sharma S K , Saxena R , Arora S
Published: November 2021

The tumour is fundamentally an excessive development of dangerous cells in any part of the body, while a tumour in a brain is an unreasonable development of cancerous cells in the brain. Brain tumour can be either benign or malignant. The benign brain tumour has structural consistency and does not include active (cancer) cells, but the malignant brain tumour has no structure consistency and includes active cells. The primary concern is to segment, detect, and extract the infected tumour area from magnetic resonance images (MRI) which are being performed by radiologists or medical experts, and their accuracy is totally dependent on their experience only. Thus, it becomes very essential to overcome these limitations by the use of artificial intelligence. The current paper uses various machine learning algorithms as well as their features to design a structure to predict brain tumour at an early phase by using different classifiers and comparing their respective accuracy parameters.
A Composite of (95%) La2CoMnO6+ (5%) Ba0.5Na0.5TiO3 : Study of Structural and Dielectric Properties
Authors: Mewada Dharmendra , Katare Rajesh Kumar
Published: November 2021

This project work reports synthesis, structural and dielectric nature of composite of the type (95%) La2CoMnO6+ (5%) Ba0.5Na0.5TiO3. The composite was characterized at room temperature for structural and dielectric properties. The structural characterization X-ray diffraction was carried for structural confirmation. The XRD data study convey the sample is dual phase in nature evident from the corresponding diffraction peaks. Monoclinic phase was acquired by La2CoMnO6 and the space groupof the phase is P 1 21/n whereas Ba0.5Na0.5TiO3 phase has acquired cubic structure with space group Pm-3m. The frequency dependent dielectric constant examined reveals high dielectric constant which decreases with increase in applied ac field values. Dielectric loss calculated shows the behaviour like dielectric constant which initially decreases abruptly with applied field and later attains frequency independent values. However, the ac conductivity was observed higher in the as synthesized.
Design of solar powered electric vehicle
Authors: Arulious Jora A , Earlina D , Harish D , Sakthi Priya P , Inba Rexy A , Nancy Mary J S
Published: November 2021

With the increased trends of industrialization and global economic growth leading to the everchanging petrol prices and other price hikes, private transport system has become a costly affair. All these problems can be addressed with innovation. One of the most feasible solutions is turning towards renewable energies to solve the issues i.e., increasing the use of renewable energies like solar power in the place of fossil fuels. Everyone’s dream of owning a commercially viable solar vehicle is slowly becoming a reality. Electric vehicles are now available at an affordable price. This opportunity is taken towards the design of a Solar powered two-wheeler. Designing a solar vehicle is a multidisciplinary subject that covers the broad and complex aspects from various subjects. In the designed vehicle, solar panel is used as the power source and developed voltage, stored in the battery, is used to the drive the permanent magnet DC motor which drives the rear wheel of the vehicle.
Metamaterial inspired multi-split square shaped printed antenna for WLAN applications
Authors: Imaculate Rosaline S.
Published: November 2021

This paper describes the design of a compact dual band microstrip antenna based on metamaterial inspired split ring radiating element and a complementary spilt ring resonator (CSRR). The antenna has a very compact dimension of 20×20×0.8 mm3. It covers the 2.5/5.2/5.8 GHz frequencies, pertaining to IEEE 802.11 b/g/a standards suitable for WLAN applications with a -10dB impedance bandwidth of 250 MHz and 860 MHz. The CSRR creates a negative permittivity region, thus providing miniaturization of the antenna and the introduction of additional split gaps in the radiating element creates a positive permeability within the desirable frequency range, yielding better impedance matching. The negative properties of those structures are verified using S-parameter retrieval method. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and the measured results are fairly in good agreement with the simulation results. Dipole like radiation patterns are observed at both the operating frequencies. The measured peak gains are 0.58 dBi, 1.27 dBi and 2.10 dBi at 2.5, 5.2 and 5.8 GHz respectively.
Development of Fast charging system with ZVS integrated with Fuzzy controller-based Hybrid renewable energy source
Authors: Niharika Raghunath , Pavan K M Sai , Manitha P V
Published: November 2021

Climate change is a growing concern due to greenhouse gas emission and transportation has increased the requirement for various energy sources with limiting and less pollution. But with the establishment of more electric vehicles on the road, charging EV’s will be difficult if the grid is used. When many numbers of electric vehicles are integrated to the grid, it will inevitably have a huge effect on its function and control. Hence, there is a requirement for an effective charging system for electric vehicles using renewable energy sources. Solar energy is renewable and green, but the volatile nature of energy from the Photo-Voltaic (PV) system and dynamic charging requirement of electric vehicles has added new problems to the effective charging of EV from these sources. The Solar powered charging station with battery storage system is a better solution for this problem. The power is transferred from the AC grid to the DC link when there is a depletion of power from solar. This paper deals with DC level 1 fast charger to charge an electric vehicle with phase shifted full bridge converter as a main charging topology which is able to deliver the load of 50KW to charge the electric vehicle. To maintain a constant voltage at the output of the boost converter connected to the solar panel, a fuzzy controller is also developed in the proposed system
Application of nano molybdenum trioxide in thermal storage and photocatalysis
Authors: Thekkethil Athira Jayaprakash , Sreekuttan Swathi , Madhavan Asha Anish
Published: November 2021

The thermal energy storage (TES) in phase change materials (PCMs) plays an important role in energy management systems. Paraffin has found wide range of applications as a PCM due to its unique thermal and physical properties. The present study reports about the synthesis of MoO3 nanomaterials using chemical method. MoO3 nanomaterial was diffused into paraffin wax in 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 weight percentages and thermal analysis was conducted. It was observed that 1.5 wt % doped PCM showed best enhancement in thermal performance with 20.28% and 35.71% improvement in heating and cooling cycles. The photocatalytic activity of synthesized nanocomposite was also evaluated by degradation of methylene dye under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation effectiveness of as synthesized nanocomposites has showed high photodegradation efficiency (93.83 %) of methylene blue under visible light radiation.
A Novel Current Sensor less MPPT based Approach for PV Applications Using PSO Technique
Authors: Kumar Vinay , Kumar T Naveen , Prajwal K T
Published: November 2021

As an increased demand in power resources and to reduce global warming, Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are preferred over the conventional sources. Among various available RES, solar energy is the effective and efficient one. The solar energy is also clean and free energy. The use of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is the one of the techniques to get maximized output power from the Photo Voltaic (PV) system. The proposed method uses a voltage sensor by eliminating the need of current sensor based on selected technique using Partial Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique interfaced with DC-DC boost converter. PSO technique is one of the methods which has high conflux speed, to precisely track the maximum power. The result of the planned methodology is studied with the assistance of an acceptable simulation applied in MATLAB/Simulink setting for experiment to valid of microcontroller which is employed. The result obtained from the simulations studies showed that current sensor less methodology using PSO technique can extract the maximize power from PV systems.
Doping two boron atoms in germanene nanoribbons in an external electric field
Authors: Ngoc Hoang Van , Trang Trieu Quynh , Xayyadeth Air , Ha Chu Viet
Published: November 2021

Germanene is a two-dimensional system made of germanium atoms, its configuration is hexagonal honeycomb. Germanene nanoribbons (GNRs) are one-dimensional systems made from germanene with hydrogen-modified edges. The GNRs configuration studied here consists of 12 germanium atoms and 4 hydrogen atoms per unit cell. This work investigated the doping of two boron atoms into the unit cell of GNRs. Changing the different doping sites produces different configurations, the configurations been studied as meta-configuration, para-configuration, and ortho-configuration. By using density functional theory (DFT), the formation energies, energy band structures, and density of states of the configurations are studied. The ortho-configuration for the formation energy is the smallest, so this configuration is the most stable. The appearance of an external electric field changes the band gap and the energy band structure of the system.
A Novel Fast Hybrid Frequency Domain Approach for Evaluating Harmonic Power Flow in Electricity Networks
Authors: Krishna Praveen D , Vali ShaikHussain , Rafi Vempalle
Published: November 2021

Ideally, an AC power supply should constantly provide a perfectly sinusoidal voltage signal at every customer location. Nowadays, many power electronic equipment’s are used in industry in seeking higher system reliability and efficiency and more electronic or microprocessor controllers are used in power system to control AC/DC transmission lines or loads. Moreover, the importance of green energy such as wind and solar is continually growing in our societies not only due to environmental concerns but also to resolve the problem of access to electricity in rural areas. As a result of these issues, power quality problems especially generation of harmonics are on the rise in the distribution network. In electrical power system, harmonics have a number of undesirable effects on power system devices as well as on their operation. It therefore becomes imperative for power system engineers to analyse the penetration of harmonics from the various sources into the network which commonly is known as harmonic power flow evaluation. This paper proposed a novel fast hybrid frequency domain approach (FHA) to evaluate the steady state harmonic power flow with discrete harmonic frequency. The proposed method is applied to IEEE – 14 bus, IEEE New England 39 - bus, IEEE – 57 bus and IEEE 118 - bus power system respectively and compared with Newton – Raphson (NR) load flow method and Fast decoupled load flow method (FDLF) and the results validate the accuracy, robustness and authenticity of the proposed method.
Optimal value of Economic Load Dispatch using Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Sravan Kumar B , Vali ShaikHussain , Rafi Vempalle , Nageswara Reddy G
Published: November 2021

In this paper space reduction particle swarm optimization(SRPSO) is proposed for solving single-objective optimization problems. Minimization of cost is considered as an objective in the economic dispatch problem. The valve point loading effect is incorporated with the cost function which transfigures to the nonlinear problem. To improve the convergence speed, space reduction is essential and parameter variation keeps away the struck of local optima. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) emphasizes global search and is encountered as a stochastic population-based method. The proposed method is validated on a 26 bus system with 6 generators and the performance results are compared with the other existing techniques.
Multiview Running and Walking Gait Analysis using the First and Third Person Data
Authors: Malik Nikita , Majumdar Sudipta
Published: November 2021

Gait recognition, which allows to recognise someone from a distance, has a lot of applications. The gait of a person is commonly used as a biometric approach to identify or categorise them by gender and age. Biometric systems are a fast-growing subject that necessitates the development of creative solutions to problems that have plagued previous attempts. By initially looking at the design of a gait detection system, two different types of gait datasets have been reported and presented in this paper. While running at the same time, the first person (FP) data containing the camera motion gathered from the movement of the volunteer’s body and the third person (TP) data captured from a distant view were recorded. The dataset contains a total of 23 participants (14 males and 9 females). The discussion is expanded to include a comparison of the results obtained using TP and FP data, as well as an examination of the physiological motions recorded while running and walking.
A Novel Approach for Image Denoising and Performance Analysis using SGO and APSO
Authors: Gupta V MNSSVKR , Murthy KVSS , Shiva Shankar R
Published: November 2021

Image denoising is essential to extract the information contained in an image without errors. A technique of using both wavelets and evolutionary computing tools is proposed to denoise and to improve the image quality. An adaptive thresholding-based wavelet denoising technique in the threshold function is coordinated by novel social group optimization (SGO) and accelerated particle swarm optimization (APSO) is proposed. The simulation oriented experimentation is taken out employing MATLAB and the analysis is carried out using the image property metrics similar to peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE) and other structural similarity index metrics (SSIM).
Design and simulation of 60kWp solar on-grid system for rural area in Uttar-Pradesh by “PVsyst”
Authors: Kapoor Sarang , Sharma Arvind Kumar , Porwal Deepak
Published: November 2021

The load demand is increasing rapidly, with limited coal fired plants. In this situation, many researchers are trying to find a way through which, we can make the balance between energy demand and supply for the consumers. The renewable energy sources are gaining popularity as green, clean, and abundant sources of energy. Solar energy is available throughout the year in India and thus provides an alternate source of energy to fulfil the local load demand. The function of solar PV system, depends on the numerous factors i.e. site location, qualities of material to make system components and accessibility of solar radiation etc. In previous research work, many simulation based analysis have been done through PV-syst software package by considering solar photovoltaic system at different sites around the world. In this proposed paper, we are designing and simulating a “60kWp solar power plant” which is basically an on-grid type solar photovoltaic system by PV-syst software version 7.2.2 in rural area of Uttar-Pradesh, India. This analysis has been done for seasonal tilt angles i.e. 10° for summer season and 47° for winter season. Later on, detailed performance study and various losses descriptions are summarized in upcoming segments for the proposed system.
Analysis of critical issues in retrofitting of ICE vehicles
Authors: Darekar Rajlaxmi , Gawande Neha , Karkaria Vispi , Karandikar P B
Published: November 2021

Vehicle population is increasing at an alarming rate causing cities, and towns to suffer air pollution due to inefficient engines. Every year millions of vehicles are being manufactured and scrapped. Disposal or scrapping of vehicles before their useful life is not a good option. All the parts and systems of a vehicle wear out at different rates. By employing this technology of retrofit for the next 10 to 15 years, the owners will be able to contribute to society by decreasing input energy for massive automobile industries. Based on the life span of automobile parts a range of age has been found in this research at which retrofit can be carried out. In this research, cost analysis of vehicles has been carried out which shows a decrease in performance with increased maintenance, repair, and replacement cost. A mathematical model has been created for performance and cost. The minima of this mathematical model are known as retrofit age. It has been shown in this research that the time has come to adopt this technology, due to inadequate recycling of automobile parts, limited processing plants, and limited scraps yard. For this study, Honda Activa 5G, Bajaj pulsar 500, and Maruti Baleno has been considered.
Design Optimization of Bullock Cart Yoke
Authors: Hombalmath Mahesh M , Mathad Manoj A
Published: November 2021

Since from ancient times weight of bullock cart is concentrated on the neck of the bullock reducing its efficiency. This paper presents various design of the yoke structure for the cart and its analysis whose aim is to reduce the stress acting on the single point i.e. on the neck of the bullock. The stress needs to be distributed over the entire body of the bullock instead of concentrating only on the neck. This paper gives an idea of how the stress is distributed on the bullock and the deflection of the yoke corresponding to the load. The design iterative process is based on the presently used bullock cart yoke structure. This paper also includes the design concepts which provide cushioning at the contact of the wooden frame to the bullock. The best design is then selected based on the structural behaviour for particular boundary and loading conditions. The modelling is done in SOLIDWORKS 2017 software and simulated/analysed using ANSYS 18.2 software.
Synthesis of Fe:Ag nanocomposites and their anti-bacterial activities
Authors: Nigam Anju , Rawat Pooja , Kala Shubhra
Published: November 2021

The present study reports the synthesis of Fe:Ag composite nanoparticles by green approach, utilizing Urtica dioica leaves extract, as reducing and capping agent for the metal sources. Formation of composite phases found to depend on the salt sources, which provides different ion species in the reaction mixture. The formation of crystalline nanoparticles having cubic structure was confirmed by XRD analysis. Ag rich crystalline nanoparticles were found to disperse in the oxidized Fe matrix by high resolution transmission microscopic studies. XPS analysis revealed the presence of Fe of in 0, +2, and +3 valance states and Ag in Ag+1 and Ag° states. The synthesized nanoparticles were found to show notable antibacterial activity against the gram negative pathogen E. Coli and gram positive pathogen S. aureus.
Effect of Al2O3-MoS2 on hardness and wear loss of Al-6061 hybrid metal matrix composite
Authors: Suchendra K R , Sreenivasa Reddy M
Published: November 2021

Aluminium Composites are presently conquering their massive practice in aerospace, marine, automobile and other industrial applications due to their vital properties such as better strength, light weight etc. The main Purpose the present research is to investigate the role of Al2O3-MoS2 on Al6061 Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs). Composites with varying weight percentages of reinforcements like Al2O3 (3, 6 and 9%) and MoS2 (3, 6 and 9%) manufactured by using stircasting method. The result shows that uniform dispersal of reinforcements with in the matrix. Increasing the wt. % of Al2O3-MoS2 in Al6061 leads to improve in hardness and exhibits the better wear resistance of the composites. SEM analysis reveals the Al6061 alloy shows the deepest and widest wear tracks and whereas in hybrid composite (Al6061/Al2O3/MoS2), width and depth of wear tracks are considerably smaller which leads to improve the wear resistance
Influence of Contact Area on Tribo Response of Al 6061 in Ambient and Vacuum Environment
Authors: Vinay M S , Ranganatha S
Published: November 2021

Aluminium alloys are used in spacecraft and aerospace industries because of their unique properties which are lightweight and high strength. The components of aluminium alloys used in aerospace and space environment are subjected to relative motion which results in the tribo-phenomenon. The designer needs tribo response data for designing components geometrical dimensions. The literature reports inadequate tribo response data, more particularly in a vacuum environment (adverse environment). In the present investigation, experiments were conducted using Al 6061 aluminium alloy pins with different diameters. The cylindrical pin diameters were 2mm, 4mm and 6 mm. The cylindrical pins were slid against a hardened En-8 steel disc. The normal pressure was maintained at 0.625 MPa and the sliding speed was 0.5 ms-1. The estimated friction coefficient from monitored frictional force and normal force and the dependency of estimated friction coefficient on sliding distance for cylindrical pins of different diameters were analysed.
Design and Development of a Three Component Milling Dynamometer
Authors: Maddela Narender , Kiran Ch.Sai , Manoj Aluri , Kapila M. , Swapna B. , Rajesham S.
Published: November 2021

The cutting forces that are generated during metal cutting influence the work piece precision, tool wear, the nature of the machined surface, and heat generation. These cutting forces can be measured analytically however; precise outcomes may not be expected due to its included stresses, parameters of cutting, and the perplexing tool geometry. Henceforth the exploratory estimation of cutting forces is fundamental. For this reason, a milling dynamometer of three-segment is structured, created, and tried to gauge the three cutting forces which are produced during the operation of milling strain gauges can be utilized to quantify dynamic and static cutting forces through milling dynamometer. During the process of metal cutting, a dynamometer that is based on strain gauge is fit for estimating three-force segments. The dynamometer was designed based on the octagonal ring principle. The octagonal rings orientation and location of strain gauges have resolved to expand affectability and to limit cross-affectability.
Fractographic Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Microalloyed Steel
Authors: Garg N B , Garg A
Published: November 2021

Extensive efforts made over the past few decades have enhanced the rising performance of High-Strength Low-Alloy steels. Use of thermomechanical processing was considered for this research. However, the desired mechanical properties are obtained by formulating alloys. Further, to enhance mechanical properties, impact energy, the subsequent quenching and tempering are used. The metallurgical transformation caused by deformation followed by cooling and/or heat treatment has added influences on steels’ mechanical properties. The rational decrease in impact energy value is complex.
Relative Stress Analysis of Gas Turbine Blade for Various Alloying Materials
Authors: Kundu B , Ghosh D , Ghosh S
Published: November 2021

Gas turbines provide a reliable and efficient production of power in both pilot power plants and aircraft propulsion. The operating cost of the modern gas turbines is greatly influenced by the durability of hot section components. To cope up with the increasing temperature, there has been an evolution of new generation blade materials. At elevated temperature conditions, thermal stress and resulting deformations can affect the power developed and efficiency. In this paper a finite element simulation has been made on a fixed blade profile to explore various factors affecting the turbine blade. Variety of existing and new generation materials have been considered a under a boundary condition of constant high pressure and high Operating temperature was varied between 1000°C-1400°C. The development of stress and deformation along with the heat flux have been studied for finding the most effective manufacturing alloy for gas turbines.
Experimental study of VCR engine performance analysis using python module
Authors: Udya Sri K , Murthy B S N , Mohan Rao N
Published: November 2021

Petroleum is non-renewable supply of energy and also the diminution of natural fuel resources, leads to explore for various fuels for cars. The critical search for various fuels for compression ignition engines has been paying interest on fuels obtained from hydrogen and linseed oil plays a significant role in alternate fuel for C.I Engines. The aim of this research effort is to appraise the property of Linseed oil and Hydrogen as dual blend recital on a variable Compression ratio diesel engine. This really provides the discharge individualism of linseed oil amalgamated with gas and its blends with diesel and are taken up for study. Vertical, 4-stroke, water cooled VCR engine with Linseed oil blends for a extensive series of engine load conditions such as Diesel, B10, B20, B40 along with 5lpm, 10lpm and 15lpm of hydrogen were performed. The brake thermal competence of B20 is found nearly closer to diesel fuel with minimum vibrations and less emissions of CO, hydro carbons HC and slight increase in NOx when compared to fossil fuels. During the experiments, vibrations, performance uniqueness of the test engine was analysed and compared with the precise VCR diesel vibrations, fuel performance. The results obtained by using Python module and the best suited code is derived and found that the combined increase of compression ratio and injecting timing increases the brake thermal efficiency and reduces specific fuel consumption. This module helps and reduces each load variations and performances compared tp experimental. Diesel (25%) saved, will greatly meet the demand of fuel in automobiles.