bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study on the biological activity of biosynthesized nanoparticles of metal oxides
Authors: Korotkova A M , Polivanova O B , Gavrish I A , Koroleva M Y , Baranova E N , Lebedev S V
Published: November 2019

There was synthesized a number of nanopowders of metals oxides (Fe2O3, Co3O4, ZnO, and CeO2) in the aqueous extract from Petroselinum crispum leaves. There was performed the physicochemical qualification of the synthesized nanomaterials by the methods of UV spectrophotometry and the scanning electron microscopy. SEM-visualization showed CeO2 powders had a spherical morphology (from 14 nm to 500 nm), Fe2O3 had a plate structure (more than 80 nm), and Co3O4 was presented in small cubic particles with sharp edges (from 20 to 100 nm) stuck together in large units (~ 1 μm), ZnO was characterized by a spherical, oval and hexagonal structure (from 60 to 160 nm). The analysis of cytotoxicity of the biosynthesized powders was carried out as counting dead cells in the roots of T. vulgare stained with the vital dye Evans blue after 14 days of exposure with a preparation in a wide range of concentrations (from 10−1 to 10−5 M). The results showed a dose-dependent increase in cell death at a greater extent on the apex of the root compared to the basal area. A remarkable (over 50%) decrease in the cell viability was recorded after the treatment of plants with Fe2O3 (more than 80%), 10−1 M CeO2 (84.7%), 10−1 and 10−2 M Co3O4 (165 and 70%, respectively). However, a slight increase of viable cells was observed after the treatment with ZnO and CeO2 in dilutions of 10−4 to 10−5 M (by 8% compared to the intact samples). In general, the cell viability of the seedling roots of T. vulgare after the exposure to the biosynthesized nanomaterials increased as follows: Fe2O3<Co3O4<CeO2<ZnO.
A study on the antimicrobial activity of metal oxide nanoparticles obtained by the method of “green” synthesis
Authors: Korotkova A M , Polivanova O B , Kosyan D B , Lebedev S V
Published: November 2019

Increasing tolerance of microorganism strains to a range of antibiotics in biomedical practices has led to the need to study preparations from other classes, such as nanoparticles of metals (NPM). Biosynthesized particles with more selective and more distinct activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive strains are especially promising from this point of view. Therefore, it is quite topical to conduct a comparative study on the antimicrobial activity of nanomaterials synthesized biologically. There were synthesized nanopowders of metal oxides Co3O4 (from 20 to 100 nm) and CeO2 (from 14 nm to 500 nm) in the aqueous extract of Petroselinum crispum leaves. The microbiological test of the recombinant strain based on cells of S. typhimurium showed the most pronounced toxic effects were revealed for CeO2, which resulted in fewer cells of the test strain and lack of growth. Nanoparticles of Co3O4 found a moderate antimicrobial action.
Digestibility of dry matter and bioavailability of starch of various types of grain in the rumen
Authors: Rakhmatullin Sh G , Duskaev G K , Kochish I I , Yuldashbaev Yu A , Nurzhanov B S , Inchagova K S , Ryazanov V A
Published: November 2019

The constant introduction of a huge amount of concentrates at the stage of growing and fattening animals can lead to diseases associated with non-compliance with the feeding technique (acidosis). In this regard, the study of metabolism, destruction of dry matter, as well as starch in various feeds of grain origin, including those growing in the Orenburg region and contributing to the acidification of the rumen, is essential and necessary to increase feed efficiency. The highest rate of starch digestion six hours after incubation was in rye, exceeding the similar values of other crops by 0.4-1.3%. Further, two groups of crops should be distinguished with almost the same rate of starch digestion: these are wheat, imported barley, oats and chickpeas, domestic barley. It should be noted that the lowest rate of starch digestion was characteristic of the latter group (6.0%). The need to study the decay of the components of cereals with their active feeding to cattle is important. Including it is necessary to consider regional peculiarities of cultivation of these crops, since the content of substances in the grain, and for the same species, varies greatly, which ultimately affects the feed efficiency.
Chromato-mass-spectrometric study of alcohol extracts Plantago L
Authors: Nemereshina O N , Gusev N F , Ryabinina Z N , Kalyakina R G , Ryabukhina M V , Khalikov B M
Published: November 2019

The authors conducted a study of alcohol extracts of Plantago lanceolata L. and Plantago major L. using chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fitol, squalene, vitamin E, sitosterol, and sugars were found and identified in all studied types of plantains, among which isosorbide was identified on the chromatograms. The difference of the studied species in the composition of lipophilic substances was also revealed. Squalene and Methyl 7-methylcyclopenta [c] pyran-4-carboxylate are found in extracts from Plantago major raw materials. In the Plantago lanceolata samples there are compounds: norlean-17-en-3-on and 3-[3-Bromophenyl] -7-chloro-3.4-dihydro-10-hydroxy-1.9 (2H, 10H) -acridinedione.
Biological risk assessment of the use of ultrafine particles of metals and their oxides to create new microelements preparations
Authors: Aleshina E S , Drozdova E A , Pavlinova A S , Sizova E A , Nechitaylo K.S.
Published: November 2019

Annotation

The use of nanomaterials is now included in many areas of human activity. A promising area of research for ecology, biology, agriculture and medicine is currently the development in the field of nanotechnology related to the production and use of ultrafine particles of metals and their oxides. In particular, a very broad trend in their use is associated with the creation of new microelements based on them. In this regard, of interest are only those forms of ultrafine particles, which do not have their own toxic effect, but have a more pronounced positive effect compared with substances in macrodisperse form. That is why it becomes relevant to study the safety issues of ultrafine particles of metals-trace elements and assess the possibility of biological risks associated with these applications, for example, as food additives. In this work, the hazard / safety of ultrafine particles of metals and their oxides on the recombinant Escherichia coli K12 TG1 strain with cloned luxCDABE Vibrio fischeri genes was investigated using bioluminescent analysis and the forms of ultrafine particles and their concentrations suitable for further use in agriculture and medicine were determined.
Assessment of prospects for the use of unicellular hydrobionts as test objects in the study of biotoxicity of ultradispersed metal particles
Authors: Aleshina E S , Drozdova E A , Pavlinova A S , Sizova EA
Published: November 2019

Active development of nanomaterials in various areas of human activity leads to their intensive release into the environment. Nanomaterials in aquatic ecosystems are of particular concern, leading to changes in water quality and dangerous for representatives of aquabiocenosis - aquatic invertebrates, bioaccumulating technogenic nanoparticles. In this regard, studies on the selection of an optimal test object from representatives of hydrobionts, having the most adequate response to various, including toxic, effects of nanomaterials, with further prospect of determining the potential risks that arise when they enter aquatic biocenoses are relevant. Cultures of freshwater ciliate of Stylonychia mytilus (wild strain) in the phase of exponential growth and Paramecium caudatum were selected as the objects of the study. Survival was a determined parameter. 9 laboratory preparations of ultradispersed particles of metals (zinc, copper, ferrum, argentum, cobalt, titanium, aluminum, molybdenum, nickel) were used in studies. The analysis of the effects of ultradispersed metal particles revealed a negative biological effect on Paramecium caudatum and Stylonychia mytilus. Paramecium caudatum was the most sensitive to increasing concentrations of nanoparticles, as evidenced by the death of individuals after 10 minutes of contact. In turn, the death of Stylonychia mytilus was observed only at the 60th minute of exposure. Based on the above, Paramecium caudatum culture can be proposed as an express test object, giving a response at the 10th minute of the experiment. For studies assessing various types of toxicity that require a longer contact time, Stylonychia mytilus is a more suitable test object, since the effect of nanoparticles on the cell can be observed for 60-180 minutes or more.
Hepatotoxic effect evaluation of probiotic medication of candidates for elemental status correction of animals based on research of biochemical blood indicators
Authors: Klimova T A , Kondrashova K S , Holodilina T N , Barysheva E S , Sizentsov A N , Vanshin V V
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the data of possible application of probiotic medications, based on the bacteria of genus Bacillus as micronutrient medication for correction of mineral deficiency conditions that have the ability to accumulate metals, in order to deliver zinc-ions in the body of laboratory animals. The choice of the research objects of probiotic medications on the basis of bacteria Bacillus: Vetom 1.1 (the strain of B. subtilis 10641) and Vetom 3(the strain of B. amyloliquefaciens 10642) is conditioned by the high depositing characteristics given by the microorganisms of essential elements, in particular zinc, from the different inorganic compounds. The evaluation of accumulation of bioavailable zinc forms was carried out on the laboratory rats as models. The inactivated biomass of bacteria, after long periodical cultivation in a liquid nutrient medium with zinc sulfate, was orally injected in their bodies. One of the main criteria for the development of medication candidates besides the evaluation of delivery effectiveness is the absence of pathological effects on the body of laboratory animals. To implement this task, we evaluated the hepatotoxic effect of applied medications on the basis of research of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase level in a blood serum throughout the experiment. The obtained data indicates the absence of pathological effects on hepatocytes, as the concentration of researched biochemical indicators was within the reference values throughout the experiment.
Effect of iron, copper and molybdenum nanoparticles on morphometric parameters of Solanum tuberosum L. plants
Authors: Mushinskiy A A , Aminova E V
Published: November 2019

Over the past decade, nanotechnology caused the need for rigorous research on ultrafine nanomaterials which enhance productivity and quality of agricultural products. However, most studies are controversial; it is difficult to compare doses of nanoparticles and types of plants. In the experiment, nanoparticles of Fe (90–110 nm), Cu (50–110 nm) and Mo (100–120 nm) at four concentrations with a geometric progression were used to treat potato tubers. Germination energy was determined according to GOST 12038-84; the content of photosynthetic pigments was determined according to the method by N. D. Smashevsky (2011), phytotoxicity was determined according to the method by Kazev K. (2013). Thus, the data indicate that treatment of Solánum tuberósum L. tubers with iron nanoparticles stimulated the growth of the length of sprouts (55.1% and 21.4%), roots (34.4% and 12.5%) and chlorophyll a (57 - 98%) at a concentration of 0.0125 … 0.025 M. At the same time, copper and molybdenum nanoparticles are ineffective by the significance of their effects on plants.
Cytogenetic homeostasis of African catfish in high-tech industrial aquaculture
Authors: Spirina E V , Romanova E M , Lyubomirova V N , Romanov V V , Mukhitova M E
Published: November 2019

Sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is a prospective object of aquaculture. It is fast-growing species, which growth period from larva to commodity fish makes only 6 months. Its meat is rich with essential fatty acids (omega-3) and satisfies modern requirements to healthy food. One of efficient ways to prevent stressful factors of fish cultivation in the conditions of industrial aquaculture is the use of complete feed. Biologically active agents, including probiotics, are important in the balance of feed macronutrients for cultivation of physiologically competent fish. Sporotermin is among effective probiotics. The purpose of the study was to define cytogenetic homeostasis of African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) at the introduction of probiotic Sporotermin into feed. The study was conducted during cultivation of catfish in hi-tech industrial aquaculture. The cytogenetic homeostasis was assessed via the micronucleus test. The micronucleus test on fish is used to assess the pollution of their habitat. The study also revealed differences in the frequency of micronuclei and their types between group of fish growing with and without probiotic Sporotermin. Sporotermin decreases cytogenetic homeostasis disorders. Thus, the number of cells with (a) micronuclei decreases from 0.4% to 0.075%. There are no cells with micronuclei of (b), (c), (d-I), (d-II) and (e) types against the background of application of Sporotermin as a feed additive. The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant No. 18-016-000127.
Increase in the intensity of life and yield of green crops due to plant growth and the development of regulatory chemicals
Authors: Lushnikova T A , Menshchikova Y B
Published: November 2019

Yearly agriculture longs to increase the yield of green crops with the help of different agrochemical methods such as application of organic and mineral fertilizers, creation of optimum moisture and temperature mode, dressing with growth-regulating chemicals and etc. In our work it is shown that under the influence of foliar treatment with zircon solution in the concentration of 0.001 mg/l and 1% of potassium sulfate solution the processes of photosynthesis and respiration are stimulated, plant water exchange is stabilized, which leads to growth and yield increase of cultures. The highest stimulating effect is due to simultaneous spraying by zircon and potassium sulfate, herewith the effect of these regulators is summarized, i.e. additive character of their interreacting is demonstrated. Foliar treatment with potassium sulfate compensate the lack of these elements in soil, which are necessary for many physiological processes of plants, in particular, for the synthesis of protein, vitamins, sugar, the regulation of water evaporation and etc. The study was carried out on the green crops of families Solanaceae (on the example of Solanum lycopersicum and Capsicum annuum) and Fabaceae (on the example of Pisum sativum) are indicative of these facts.
The use of polygenic designs in the creation of meat breeds of quail
Authors: Royter Ya S , Anshakov D V , Degtyareva T N , Degtyareva O N
Published: November 2019

The conserved gene pool of quails (breeds Pharaoh, Texas White) from the collection of “Genofond” LCC (Moscow Province) was used for the development of a new competitive breed of meat-type quails. Complex reproductive crossing with subsequent continuous selection for reproductive and productive performance during 11 generations resulted in new quail breed called “Radonezhskie”. The selection was performed with the use of traditional and innovative methods. The basis of bird selection was based on the selection of complex polygenic structures of quantitative traits in conjunction with their adaptive ability at the stages of growth, development, and productivity. The breed structurally consists of two types specialized on the productivity type. These two types consist of 12 genealogic lines and 117 families. During the process of selection live body weight (LBW) in the new breed was increased by 31.0%, feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased by 13.4%. Average LBW at 5 weeks of age is 290 g in males and 315 g in females; FCR 2.35; average mortality level 3.0%. At 6 weeks of age, these parameters are 330 g; 360 g; 2.95; 3.5%. The intense body growth in this fast-maturing breed occurs until 5-6 weeks of age, the onset of lay occurs at 7-8 weeks. Up to 5 generations could be obtained and evaluated within a year. The breed can, therefore, serve as a model for the genetic research in quails. The large-scale trials proved that the yield of poults per hen in the new breed is higher by 12.2%, LBW at slaughter age higher by 16.9% in compare to parental Texas White breed. High quality of products and lower production costs (by 13.4-27.2% in comparison to parental breeds Pharaoh and Texas White) determine the competitiveness of the new quail breed “Radonezhskie”.
Quality and safety of cow milk under conditions of ecological risk
Authors: Ostroukhova V I , Ananeva T V , Smolina G A
Published: November 2019

Public health is a key factor in the development of the country and a special direction of state policy aimed at controlling the quality and safety of food products. Milk produced in regions with persistent multifactorial technogenic pollution of habitat obj ects, causing a high risk of raw materials contamination can adversely affect human health and cause long-term negative effects. The quality and safety of milk is a complex indicator, based on presence of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and the absence of potentially dangerous substances, such as heavy metals, antibiotics and radionuclides. Produced in the conditions of megapolis, cow milk has shown good physico-chemical (freezing point – minus 0.533 °C; acidity – 16.30 °T; density – 28.4 °A) and technological (thermostability – 80.2 %) parameters and also good sanitary and hygienic properties (low bacterial contamination and somatic cells level, absence of pathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms). No substances displacing technological processes during the production of dairy products (antibiotics), inhibitors and falsifiers were found in milk samples. Milk was characterized with minimal content of potentially hazardous substances (compounds of lead, cadmium and mercury). The detected 137Cs concentrations corresponded to the background level of the radionuclide content value. Cow milk produced in the environmental risks zone fully meets the requirements established by regulatory documents and can be used as a raw material for the production of high-quality and safe dairy products, including baby food.
Economic efficiency of mineral fertilizers use in grain and steam crop rotation
Authors: Plotnikov A M , Sozinov A V
Published: November 2019

The results of economic efficiency of mineral fertilizers application in grain and steam crop rotation in the conditions of Zauralie are presented. Agronomic efficiency has been determined, in which the payback of 1 kg of active substance (e.g.) of fertilizers applied to the variant with the use of three batteries averaged 1.7-1.9 kg for 3 years, the maximum payback was observed in the variant with a minimum dose of P40 - 2.6 kg/kg. Calculation of economic efficiency has shown that at increase in a dose of mineral fertilizers and industrial expenses there is a decrease in a recoupment on 0.16-0.30 rbl.
Economic and mathematical modelling of regional market of grain crops
Authors: Tokarev K E , Rogachev A F , Pleschenko T V , Rudenko A Yu , Kuzmin V A
Published: November 2019

The article dwells upon the theoretical and applied issues of modeling grain yield at the regional level. In particular, traditional models of optimization of branch structure of the regional market of grain crops are considered, the block-diagonal economic and mathematical model of market production of grain crops is offered. The implementation of the proposed model will allow developing conceptual and methodological approaches to the definition of strategies for the development of the market of grain crops, to forecast the volume of production of grain crops in the regional context.
Strategic management of modern financial requirements in agriculture
Authors: Samygin D Yu , Imyarekov S M , Tolmacheva N P , Kargin Yu I
Published: November 2019

The article addresses the efficient management of current financial needs of agricultural goods producers. The purpose is to review current financial needs of agricultural goods producers and develop tools to coordinate current assets and current liabilities management in agriculture at the regional level. Methods of financial management combined with tools of econometric and statistical analysis provide the basis for analytical review and modeling of current financial needs of agricultural goods producers in the Penza Oblast. The paper generalizes and systematizes financial methods of integrated operational management of current requirements in agriculture. The analysis shows a demand for transforming the elements of the integrated operational management policy. We developed an econometric model of dependence of the basic elements of policy on agrarian business entities. Its description enables to define and coordinate strategic decisions on operational management of current financial needs in the agrarian sector at the regional level. On the basis of obtained functional relations, it is possible to substantiate areas for improving the implemented agricultural policy aimed at additional financial resource mobilization in agriculture.
Digitization of agriculture: innovative technologies and development models
Authors: Sulimin V V , Shvedov V V , Lvova M I
Published: November 2019

No country can exist apart from others in the context of globalization and integration. All states integrated by foreign economic relations. Significant changes in the structure, organization, and geography of world trade have taken place in the past two decades. New significant exporters have appeared since the beginning of the early ninety. China is the world’s largest exporter. Other countries are increasing their export capacity to become major global suppliers. The emergence of global economic chains has aggravated the competitive struggle between countries and transnational corporations for spheres of influence. The agro-industrial complex traditionally remains a priority and strategically important sector of the economy for Russia. The article discusses the full use of the export potential of the agro-industrial complex of the country and the key role of integration into the global economic space. The authors reveal a pool of promising technologies for the development of the agroindustrial complex of Russia, such as: Internet of Things, blockchain, robotics, unmanned aerial vehicles. The article forms a conclusion about the possibility of the practical application of each technology, as well as the need to develop a systematic and well-considered state approach for the introduction of a new generation of digital technologies and financial technologies in agriculture.
Usage of international standards in accounting and internal audit of leasing operations in Russia
Authors: Vardanyan S A , Tokareva E V , Daeva T V , Tokareva A V
Published: November 2019

The paper highlights the issues related to the validity and appropriateness of the using of international standards in the processes of accounting and internal audit of the leasing operations. The problem, the results of which are presented in this article, is that due to the changes in the Russian legislation there is a necessity for a detailed researching of the possibilities of using of international standards in accounting and internal audit. A brief overview of changes in the Russian legislation relating to the accounting of leasing is presented as a result of the researching, its content and importance is disclosed. The statutes about accounting and internal audit of leasing operations according to the requirements of international standards are also presented.
Technique and technology development of the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Visyagin V E , Velm M V , Zhigalov K Yu
Published: November 2019

The paper proposes the social potential of rural areas. It gives the comparison of the quality of the population life of different countries through the criterion of expenditures and consumption of home economics. It also compares the rates of introduction of residential houses and improvement of housing stock, which demonstrated the growth of indicators in rural areas as an evidence of their social potential growth. It states the theoretical substantiation of the necessity of attracting additional resources for the development of the socio-economic potential of the rural area and its structure. The motivation of the necessity of active involvement in the development of the territory of public organizations and the economic management system is also given.
Scientific societies and exploration of the territory of the Russian empire
Authors: Krivosheina G G
Published: November 2019

In the nineteenth century scientific societies being nongovernmental voluntary associations of professional as well as amateur scientists were the leading institutions of Russian science. However, their role in the scientific, social, and cultural life of the country is essentially underestimated. This especially refers to the societies seated outside Petersburg. The present paper discusses the key characteristics that facilitated adaptation of the societies to the cultural realities of the nineteenth century Russia and fostered their research and educational activity. Special focus is given to the contribution of the societies to the exploration of the territory of the country.
History of the study of oil resources of the Mesozoic sediments in North Ossetia-Alania and adjacent territories
Authors: Kusova Zh G
Published: November 2019

The article analyzes the studies on petroleum resources of the Mesozoic sediments carried out in the XIX-XX and the beginning of the XXI centuries in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania and the neighboring republics of the North Caucasus. The purpose is to study the history of research carried out to collect available information for qualitative and quantitative assessment of oil and gas resources of the Mesozoic sediments. Only separate materials on this issue were found. Most of the materials were lost and destroyed during the Chechen wars. Combined historical studies of the oil and gas potential and materials from the North Caucasian and central state archives are required. Using the available data, the article provides information on the history of the study of promising areas and deposits of the region, starting from the beginning of the XIX century and up to the beginning of the XXI century. The analysis indicates a high potential of further scientific research on hydrocarbons of the Mesozoic sediments by improving the scientific and methodological base and research methods.
Formation and development of seismological research in Russia
Authors: Minina E V
Published: November 2019

The paper is devoted to the first stage in the development of seismic observations in Russia, covering the period from the late 19th century to the 1930s. The study aims to reconstruct the process of organisation of systematic instrumental seismic observations. The objectives of the study included identifying the main organisational forms of seismic observations, methods and equipment used in these observations, as well as analysing the main scientific results. It was established that the leading role in the emergence and development of seismic observations in Russia was played by a prominent physicist, academician B.B. Golitsyn. He had not only organised a network of I and II category seismic stations but also developed a seismograph with galvanometric recording of his own design for these stations. It is shown that a vast and full-rigged seismic network, the world’s only, enabled tackling a number of important scientific problems. As a result of the organisational and scientific works conducted during this period, the basic principles for the well-rounded assessment of seismic hazard were developed that remain relevant to this day.
Landscape and historical conditions for the emergence and formation of the city of Smolensk
Authors: Nizovtsev V A , Erman N M
Published: November 2019

Complex landscape-historic studies were carried out at key sites of the historical waterway “from the Vikings to the Greeks” in the Smolensk region: in Smolensk and Gnezdovo. The purpose of this study is to identify the landscape and historical conditions of the development of the city of Smolensk. The main practical task was to identify the landscape structure of Smolensk and its surroundings and to conduct a comparative analysis of the natural properties of the landscapes of Smolensk and Gnezdovo as a factor in the development of these centers. More favorable landscape and ecological conditions together with a rich resource base and favorable defensive and strategic position of Smolensk at the present place were identified as compared to its original position (Gnezdovo). Perhaps, in the ancient Russian period this was the reason for accelerated development (or “transfer”) of Smolensk on the left bank of the Dnieper river as compared to Gnezdovo.
Introduction of sosnowsky’s hogweed as a cause of landscape transformation
Authors: Krivosheina M G , Ozerova N A
Published: November 2019

Archival documents on the introduction of sosnowskyi’s hogweed in the USSR in the Achieve of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the data from published resources (books and articles) were investigated. The role of scientists and different scientific as well as political organizations in this event was demonstrated. Four stages of introduction were highlighted: local introduction from the end of the 1940s till the end of the 1950s; mass introduction from the end of the 1950s till the middle of the 1970s. The completion of introduction was from the middle of the 1970s till the end of the 1980s; uncontrolled invasion since the 1990s. The maps showing stages of introduction were composed. These maps reflect the territories with transformed landscapes as a result of H. sosnowskyi’s introduction and invasion.
Historical cartography of Muscovy: symbols and emblems
Authors: Pchelov E V
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the historical cartography of Moscow kingdom of the 16- 17th centuries and symbolic emblematic designation of Muscovy and adjacent territories. Four types of heraldic emblems were revealed. Some of them have various own versions. The rider was used by cartographers only in the 16th century. In the earliest version, the rider had a bow. The double-headed eagle was used since 1610. The original emblem of the beginning of the 16th century was an image of a lion and a dragon. The open gate was used on some maps since the second half of the 16th century until the end of the 17th century. The emblem is connected with ancient ideas of the northern peoples who were locked up by Alexander the Great with the help of the gates of the northern peoples identified with the peoples of Gog and Magog in the Christian tradition.
Dr. V. A. Varsanofieva writings on the protection of the environment
Authors: Valkova O A
Published: November 2019

The paper presents data on the ideas and efforts of well known soviet geologist and mineralogist, historian and popularizer of science Dr. Vera Varsanofieva (1889–1976) in such area as environment protection. Despite the small number of published works about this topic she was a prominent figure in nature preservation struggle in the Soviet Union. Her efforts were mostly focused on the protection of nature preserves from destructions caused by desire of unrestricted economic use. She was convinced that integrated natural reserves should be created to protect both living and inorganic nature because they were closely intertwined and that such reserves were the best places for the nature exploration.
Cadastral land surveying as a tool to study and develop Russian lands of the 16th – 17th centuries
Authors: Volkov S N , Shirokorad I I , Kievskaya E S , Ryzhkov E V
Published: November 2019

The article reveals the role of cadastres surveyings, as the most important land arrangement and planning activities in the framework of the study and economic development of the Russian territory during the final stage of collecting lands around Moscow and the formation of a estate-representative monarchy in Russia.
Information in the document of the 1730s about iron ores that were mined near the city of Tula
Authors: Yurkin I N
Published: November 2019

The paper presents data on the ore and the location known to the ore-finders working in the vicinity of Tula in the 1st half of the 18th century. The archival document of the year 1733 (the list compiled by Demidov), the list of types of iron ores of the area, was found and used as a material for the investigation. We specify that the majority of titles of iron ores were associated with the sites of ore occurrence. The inference can be made that the geological surveying and mining were carried out intensively. The paper presents an investigation of the question whether miners and iron makers had linked together the qualities of the discovered ore and the quality of iron or not. The classification of the list (of types of iron ore of the area) was compared to the classifications of Russian and Norwegian authors of the 18th century. We cite data from other records. We underline that the work of ore-finders was successful, average lifetime of some mines was about 100 years. The results of the study can be used in interpretation of the results of archeological studies.
Changes in floodplain soils of the Nizhny Don under the influence of flow regulation and anthropogenic load
Authors: Gurov A F , Shirokova V A , Khutorova A O , Yurova Yu D
Published: November 2019

Formation of hydromorphic floodplain soils of the valley of the Nizhny Don occurs mainly under the influence of anthropogenic erosion and due to lowering the water content of the floodplains below the dams as the result of the construction of the Tsimlyansk reservoir. Road transport and overgrazing contribute to the degradation of natural meadow vegetation until its complete destruction. As a result, the properties of soils, as well as the content and composition of humus, significantly change, the water-physical properties of soils deteriorate and the processes of secondary salinization develop with the nearby proximity of mineralized groundwater.
Development of a new deformation forecast method
Authors: Dordzhiev A A , Skibin G M , Dordzhiev A G , Sangadzhiev M M , Arashaev A V
Published: November 2019

Deformations of foundations of buildings and structures are calculated by the second limit state, i.e. by limiting deformations. These calculations are relevant for specific soils, in particular loess soils. The paper suggests a method for determining the structural strength of the soil in compression tests and presents a method for predicting base foundation deformations when soaking and flooding built-up loess territories using approved equipment and software.
Green building as a tool of energy saving
Authors: Gladkih A M , Yu Konyuhov V , Galyautdinov I I , Shchadova E I
Published: November 2019

The article considers main aspects of green building, energy saving criteria, international certification of LEED and BREEAM, and the legislation of the Russian Federation in this area. The analytics of enterprises and office buildings of the Russian Federation with international certificates was carried out. The reasons for the weak development of green building in Russia, especially in Siberia, have been assessed. The criteria necessary for the development of this direction are revealed.
Ecological architecture: the green roofs
Authors: Yu Konyuhov V , Gladkih A M , Galyautdinov I I , Yu Kiseleva T
Published: November 2019

Ecological architecture is not just a new-fashioned tradition and an attempt to keep up with the times. If you think globally, then ecological architecture is a new way of life and thinking, the opposite of what is generally accepted. For several centuries, man has been using nature as he pleases. The peak of this trend, perhaps, happened in Russia, when the Soviet authorities changed the river beds for their convenience, planted the fields with crops unacceptable for the climate and soil. In the twenty-first century, the world community understood the value of nature and took up preserving it sensibly. The problem of environmental pollution is very relevant at present. Many technologies are being created to protect our planet, and architecture is one of their main components. In this article, we looked at the new ecological type of roofing - the “green roof”, examined its pros and cons and summed it up at the end.
Economic aspects of green technologies
Authors: Yu Konyuhov V , Gladkih A M , Galyautdinov I I , Severina Ya D
Published: November 2019

The article reveals the characteristics and principles of “green” technologies from an economic point of view and discusses the key points of implementation and operation of “green” technologies. The authors have analyzed the development of “green” innovations in different countries and the level of their economic development. They have considered a number of countries using innovative technologies and the process of implementing such technologies in practice in the case of water-purifying product “BINGSTI”.
Development of the methods of environmental and sanitary-hygienic assessment of urbanized lands (on the example of the Ob-Tom interfluve)
Authors: Yu Pasechnik E , Chilinger L N
Published: November 2019

Modern transformations to land legislation draw the government to establishing the boundaries of use-restricted zones throughout the territory of the Russian Federation. First of all, it is connected with the goal of the state to provide safety and provide a favorable background for preserving a person’s life and ensure his/her life activity. The Land Code of the Russian Federation has defined a list of use-restricted zones, according to which, the procedure for establishing and approving their boundaries for each type of zone to put data into the Unified State Register of Immovable Property should be defined. Consequently, there is a need to develop an ecological and sanitary-hygienic assessment of the territory, which takes into account all these factors. However, the analysis of the approved regulations for flooding zones shows that the procedure does not stipulate for an integrated analysis of the territory as a single hydraulically connected system, which consists of hydraulic structures, surface, and groundwater. The lack of an integrated geo-information analysis in the current regulations for the corresponding territories induces intensive economic development, the consequence of which could increase human impact. Thus, unreliable information will be put into the Unified State Register of Immovable Property. Consequently, considering all these factors, it is necessary to develop an ecological and sanitary-hygienic assessment of the territory.
Transboundary protected areas
Authors: Petrova L E , Sorokina O A , Fomkin I V , Mamedova E E
Published: November 2019

The degradation of ecosystems on sizable land and water area necessitates the protection and restoration of ecosystems, their efficient use, cessation and prevention of the degradation processes, and biodiversity preservation. Those activities are integral for The Concept of Sustainable Development currently accepted and used by the global community. One of the universally accepted mechanisms of ecological problem solving is the establishment and development of protected area (PA) systems. The complex, multifaceted and transboundary nature of ecological problems necessitates international cooperation. As a result of this cooperation, transboundary protected areas (TPAs) are formed according to international treaties. Research methods: abstract-logical, monographic, statistical, cartographic. The data base for the research consists of statistical and analytical materials of federal and regional executive bodies and the guides and reports written by scientific organizations in the field of environment preservation and land use planning. Results: analytical scrutiny of evidence and legal documents reveals the necessity of improvement of legislative and procedural guidelines for TPA formation.
Assessment of total chlorine and bromine content in semivolatile organic substances in water
Authors: Yu Vozhdaeva M , Holova A R , Trukhanova N V , Melnitskiy I A , Kantor E A
Published: November 2019

The integral indicators for assessment of total concentration of chlorine and bromine in semi-volatile organic substances (SVOS) of water are presented. The method is based on liquid/liquid extraction of SVOS from a sample of water (natural, potable, industrial, purified sewage water etc.), concentrating the extract and without derivatization or conversion analyzed by the method of gas chromatography, coupled with atomic emission detecting (GC-AED). In this case the AED operates in two modes: the chlorine selective channel with detection at a wavelength of 479 nm and the bromine selective channel – at 478 nm. Under the given conditions of sample preparation and the chromatographic procedure the components are registered with Kovats retention index on non-polar phases from 900 to 3200. The range of the analytical procedure covers classes of SVOS, such as halogen-containing pesticides, aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, fatty acids, ethers, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, phenols and their halogen derivatives. The total concentration of chlorine and bromine is calculated by component-independent calibration which is available by using an AED. The indexes are named Technogenic Organic Chlorine and Technogenic Organic Bromine, because analyzed compounds have technogenic or secondary technogenic origin. The sensitivity of determination is 1×10−6 mg/dm3 for the specified elements.
Compositional change of solid and liquid phases of soil suspension depending on pH value
Authors: Zamana S P , Fedorovsky T G , Golubkina N A , Sokolov A V
Published: November 2019

The content of mobile forms of chemical elements in soils is affected by many factors including soil pH, grading and humus concentration. The most pronounced influence on elements behavior and their absorption levels by plants is produced by pH, which gives an opportunity to characterize quantitatively the ratio between elements forms in the solution and the equation between liquid, solid and gaseous forms of soil. Thus, the element composition of solid and liquid soil phases depending on pH may become of special interest. The article presents the results of a model experiment to determine the changes occurring in different pH ranges in the solid and liquid phases of aqueous soil suspensions taken from the organogenic horizon of the peat-podzolic soil of the Moscow Region. Potentiometric titration and atomic absorption methods for determination of chemical elements (Ca, Mg, K, Mn, Fe, Al, Si) were used. The element composition of solid and liquid phases of peat-podzolic soil suspension is considered at different pH. The results demonstrate that pH of the soil suspension correlates with element composition changes of both liquid and solid phases, thus indicating soil bioavailability of elements.
Territory monitoring and suggestions on oil filling station arrangement according to ecological standards
Authors: Zhelonkina E E , Boitsenyuk L I , Gruzdev V S , Valiev J S , Pafnutova E G
Published: November 2019

The article studies the ecological state of the territory of Novoselki OFS and adjacent territories. The situational analysis of the territory was carried out. Its results will be applied in the section “Ecology and development of an ecological passport of the industrial enterprise”. Practical recommendations on greening and reducing the fire risk were provided.
Assessment of monitoring efficiency for the state of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population of metallurgical monocities
Authors: Zinovyeva E G , Koptyakova S V , Balynskaya N R , Stepashkov P Y
Published: November 2019

The relevance of the study is due to the importance of the health status and living standards of the population under negative impacts of a number of factors (the environment, large enterprises, nutrition, natural resources). The article presents the results of assessment of the main areas characterizing the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population of metallurgical monocities (the environment and its impact on human health, occupational morbidity). At industrial enterprises of Magnitogorsk, the number of workers working under harmful and dangerous conditions is 42.95%. In 2016, the share of workplaces that do not meet sanitary and hygienic noise requirements increased; the share of workplaces that do not meet vibration, microclimate, and illumination standards decreased; there were no violations of EMF standards. In 2016, chronic occupational diseases were caused by imperfect technological processes (36.65% of cases), imperfect workplaces (30.0%), constructive drawbacks of labor means (16.65%) and sanitary equipment (6.65%), and professional contacts with infectious agents (10.0%). The results of the study can be used to improve programs at the federal and regional levels.
Geomorphology of the northern part of Side Ridge Gorstian anticlinorium: orography of Shanski and Makhis-Magalinsky high-mountain massifs
Authors: Dotsenko V V , Bachaeva T K H
Published: November 2019

The article shows the orography of the Shansky and Makhis-Magalinsky high-mountain massifs, selected in the geomorphological zoning scheme with the rank of subdistricts corresponding to the fourth-order morphostructures. Geomorphological processes, types of relief, the latest tectonic movements and glaciation of mountain ranges are characterized.
Processing, analysis and interpretation of time-frequency series for magnetotelluric monitoring
Authors: Bataleva E A
Published: November 2019

This work presents the results of processing and interpretation of data of magnetotelluric monitoring obtained in the territory of the Bishkek geodynamic station (Northern Tien Shan). A new approach to the analysis of magnetotelluric monitoring data is proposed. The correlation of the obtained time-frequency series of variations of electromagnetic parameters with the moon-solar tidal effects, deformations of the Earth’s crust, variations of apparent resistance and the distribution of seismicity was performed. A concept, linking the change in the stress-strain state of the medium with the redistribution of fluids between fracture systems, which causes variations in electrical resistance, was confirmed.
Optimization of the location of production centers (slaughter points) of reindeer farms using iterative methods
Authors: Bazaeva R V
Published: November 2019

The article deals with options for the most effective placement of slaughter points, the location of which would reduce the distance of deer drive to the places of slaughter from reindeer herding farms. When using different criteria, the location of the deer slaughtering production center shifts towards those organizations that have the largest number of deer and the economic efficiency of optimal placement of the slaughter points depends on the number of conditions used in the criterion.
Types of land massifs for essential oil crops cultivation in forest-steppe altitudinal belt of Greater Caucasus (Krasnodar territory)
Authors: Cherkashina E V , Cherkashin K I
Published: November 2019

The results of studies on land suitability for cultivation of essential oil crops in terms of the forest-steppe altitudinal belt of the Greater Caucasus are presented by the example of Anapa district of the Krasnodar Territory. For the purpose of type design of land massifs the cumulative assessment of land by soils, topography, degree of erosion, and cultural condition is necessary for cultivation of ether tracts in accordance with the requirements to growing conditions. The conducted studies determined the areas of land plots for growing the perennial essential-oil-bearing plant and placing essential oil crop rotations on the land plot selected for analysis.