bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multi-scale study of thalamic state-dependent responsiveness
Authors: Overwiening Jorin , Tesler Federico , Guarino Domenico , Destexhe Alain
Published: December 2024

The thalamus is the brain’s central relay station, orchestrating sensory processing and cognitive functions. However, how thalamic function depends on internal and external states, is not well understood. A comprehensive understanding would necessitate the integration of single cell dynamics with their collective behavior at population level. For this we propose a biologically realistic mean-field model of the thalamus, describing thalamocortical relay neurons (TC) and thalamic reticular neurons (RE). We perform a multi-scale study of thalamic responsiveness and its dependence on cell and brain states. Building upon existing single-cell experiments we show that: (1) Awake and sleep-like states can be defined via the absence/presence of the neuromodulator acetylcholine (ACh), which indirectly controls bursting in TC and RE. (2) Thalamic response to sensory stimuli is linear in awake state and becomes nonlinear in sleep state, while cortical input generates nonlinear response in both awake and sleep state. (3) Stimulus response is controlled by cortical input, which suppresses responsiveness in awake state while it ‘wakes-up’ the thalamus in sleep state promoting a linear response. (4) Synaptic noise induces a global linear responsiveness, diminishing the difference in response between thalamic states. Finally, the model replicates spindle oscillations within a sleep-like state, exhibiting a qualitative change in activity and responsiveness. The development of this thalamic mean-field model provides a new tool for incorporating detailed thalamic dynamics in large scale brain simulations.
Integrin adhesome axis inhibits the RPM-1 ubiquitin ligase signaling hub to regulate growth cone and axon development
Authors: Amezquita Jonathan , Desbois Muriel , Opperman Karla J. , Pak Joseph S. , Christensen Elyse L. , Nguyen Nikki T. , Diaz-Garcia Karen , Borgen Melissa A. , Grill Brock
Published: December 2024

Integrin signaling plays important roles in development and disease. An adhesion signaling network called the integrin adhesome has been principally defined using bioinformatics and cell-based proteomics. To date, the adhesome has not been studied using integrated proteomic and genetic approaches. Here, proteomic studies in C. elegans identified physical associations between the RPM-1 ubiquitin ligase signaling hub and numerous adhesome components including Talin (TLN-1), Kindlin (UNC-112) and β-integrin (PAT-3). C. elegans RPM-1 is orthologous to human MYCBP2, a prominent player in nervous system development recently associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder. After curating and updating the conserved C. elegans adhesome, we identified an adhesome subnetwork physically associated with RPM-1 that has extensive links to human neurobehavioral abnormalities. Using neuron-specific, CRISPR loss-of-function strategies, we demonstrate that a PAT-3/UNC-112/TLN-1 adhesome axis regulates axon termination in mechanosensory neurons by inhibiting RPM-1. Developmental time-course studies and pharmacological results suggest TLN-1 inhibition of RPM-1 affects growth cone collapse and microtubule dynamics during axon outgrowth. These results indicate the PAT-3/UNC-112/TLN-1 adhesome axis restricts RPM-1 signaling to ensure axon outgrowth is terminated in a spatially and temporally accurate manner. Thus, our findings orthogonally validate the adhesome using an organismal setting, identify an adhesome axis that inhibits RPM-1 (MYCBP2), and highlight important new links between the adhesome and brain disorders.
Asymptomatic carriage of intestinal protists is common in children in Lusaka Province, Zambia
Authors: Mutengo Mable , Kaduková Michaela , Mulunda Namwiinga R. , Chabala Freeman W. , Dashti Alejandro , Hayashida Kyoko , Chinyanta Stanley , Chisanga Kelly , Castro Lourdes , Sánchez Sergio , Mwansa James , Köster Pamela C. , González-Barrio David , Maloney Jenny G. , Santín Mónica , Sotillo Javier , Carmena David
Published: December 2024

Background

PCR-based screenings on the presence of diarrhoea-causing intestinal protist species are limited in Zambia, resulting in inaccurate current prevalence and epidemiological data. Sensitive PCR-based methods are particularly well suited for detecting subclinical infections in apparently healthy carriers.

Methodology

In this prospective cross-sectional study, we investigated the occurrence of the most common intestinal protists in an apparently healthy paediatric population (5–18 years) in Lusaka Province, Zambia. We collected single stool samples (n = 256) and epidemiological questionnaires on demographics, behavioural habits, drinking water and toilet access from participating children. We used PCR for the initial screening of samples for the presence of intestinal protist species and Sanger and next-generation sequencing for genotyping. We conducted statistical analyses to assess the association of the gathered variables with an increased likelihood of the investigated pathogens.

Principal findings

Blastocystis sp. was the most prevalent intestinal protist found (37.9%, 97/256; 95% CI: 31.9–44.1), followed by Giardia duodenalis (30.9%, 79/256; 95% CI: 25.3–36.90), Entamoeba dispar (13.3%, 34/256; 95% CI: 9.4–18.1), and Cryptosporidium spp. (4.3%, 11/256, 95% CI: 2.2–7.6). Entamoeba histolytica was not detected. Based on Sanger sequencing results, subtypes ST2 (44.3%, 43/97), ST1 (35.1%, 34/97), and ST3 (20.6%, 20/97) were identified within Blastocystis sp. and assemblages B (71.0%), A+B (16.1%), and A (12.9%) within G. duodenalis. Cryptosporidium parvum (81.8%) and C. hominis (18.2%) were the only two Cryptosporidium species found. Living in the Kafue District was positively associated with higher infection rates by G. duodenalis and Blastocystis sp. Schoolchildren living in Chongwe District were more likely to be infected by Cryptosporidium spp.

Conclusions/Significance

Intestinal protist infection/colonization is a common finding in apparently healthy children in Lusaka Province, Zambia. Asymptomatic carriers may play an underestimated role as spreaders of gastrointestinal parasitic infections. This study improves our current understanding of the epidemiology of diarrhoea-causing protists in Zambia and sub-Saharan Africa and indicates that the role of asymptomatic carriers of gastrointestinal parasites in transmission should be further explored.
Molecular and morphological investigations of two new species in Qinia and Cymbella (Bacillariophyceae: Cymbellales) from China
Authors: Li Jingshen , Mironov Andrei , Jiang Yutong , Liang Jinyan , Kociolek John P. , Maltsev Yevhen , Fan Yawen , Liu Yan , Kulikovskiy Maxim
Published: December 2024

Molecular data is provided firstly for the newly erected genus Qinia, and the phylogenetic position of the genus Qinia within the Cymbellales is discussed. Despite the presence of apical pore fields bisected by the distal raphe fissure being a very distinctive feature for Qinia, molecular analysis demonstrates this character as homoplasious, having evolved independently in Qinia and Cymbella. Two new species, Qinia hubeii sp. nov. and Cymbella wuhanensis sp. nov., are described based on multigene molecular investigation (genetic markers 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA and rbcL) and morphological comparisons with the diatoms from the family Cymbellaceae. Molecular data suggest a close relationship between Qinia hubeii sp. nov. and Karthickia and Encyonopsis, while Cymbella wuhanensis sp. nov. forms a clade with Cymbella aspera and Cymbella bengalensis. Morphological features of the new species were observed with light and scanning electron microscopy. Comparison of Qinia hubeii sp. nov. with other species in Qinia and Cymbella wuhanensis sp. nov. with similar Cymbella species were discussed.
Evaluation of the performance of a qPCR-based assay for HIV-1 viral load determination
Authors: Lin Bin , Han Chao , Li Jin-Hai , Wang Rui
Published: December 2024

Objective

According to the YY/T 1182–2010 standard of the People’s Republic of China on nucleic acid amplification test reagents (kits) for medical industry, the accuracy, precision, linear range, and analytic sensitivity of HIV-1 standardized quality control products should be assessed. The Geneway HIV-1 Nucleic Acid Detection Kit from China has been successfully registered with the National Medical Products Administration. Here, we aimed to assess for the first time its detection performance.

Methods

The accuracy, precision, analytic sensitivity, and linearity of the Geneway HIV-1 nucleic acid quantification test kit were analyzed using a series of diluted standard control samples of HIV-1 negative plasma. Clinical plasma samples were collected from 163 HIV-infected patients and 38 HIV-negative patients. The detection performance of the Geneway assay was compared with that of the US FDA-approved COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS® Taqman® HIV-1 test (Roche), version 2.0, for viral load (VL) monitoring.

Results

The absolute deviation of the assay between the logarithm of the measured concentration and the logarithm of the expected concentration did not exceed ±0.5 logarithmic units. All coefficients of variation (CV%) for the assays were within 5%, indicating good precision in the detection. The linearity of quantitation was excellent (r = 0.999). Overall agreement was observed in 198 of the 201 specimens (98.51%), with a kappa value of 0.953. Bland-Altman analysis revealed an average difference of 0.030 between the two assays, with 95.95% (142/148) of the differences falling within the 95% confidence limits of agreement (−0.50, 0.56). Linear regression results demonstrated a strong linear correlation between the two assays, with a high Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.980) and coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.960, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The Geneway HIV-1 VL assay demonstrated excellent accuracy, precision, analytic sensitivity, and linearity. Compared to the Roche assay, the Geneway assay showed good performance for HIV-1 VL detection, supporting its use in clinical practice.
Safety profile of miltefosine in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Ribeiro Laís Raquel , Silva Sarah Nascimento , Saliba Mell Ferreira , de Pina Carvalho Janaína , Cota Gláucia
Published: December 2024

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease that poses a significant public health challenge in Brazil and worldwide. Miltefosine, the only orally administered drug available for CL, was recently incorporated into Brazil’s treatment protocols following recommendations by the World Health Organization (WHO) and revisions by national health authorities. While this represents an important advancement, miltefosine is associated with frequent gastrointestinal side effects and potential teratogenic risks, necessitating careful patient eligibility assessments and close clinical monitoring throughout treatment. Furthermore, the absence of national effectiveness data underscores the need for careful monitoring during large-scale implementation. This study, part of a broader implementation monitoring process, seeks to estimate the frequency, intensity, and seriousness of adverse events (AEs) associated with miltefosine. It also aims to identify factors linked to treatment discontinuation during the pilot phase of miltefosine distribution in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Descriptive analyses were performed to present measures of central tendency and dispersion for the variables. Additionally, a multivariate analysis was conducted to explore relationships between explanatory variables and outcomes of interest. Between 2021 and 2023, 77.1% of patients treated with miltefosine experienced at least one AE. The rate of serious AEs related to treatment was 1.3%. Gastrointestinal symptoms were the most commonly reported AEs, followed by musculoskeletal manifestations. The most frequent laboratory alteration observed was an increase in serum creatinine, which was significantly associated with hypertension, age, and mucosal involvement of leishmaniasis. No pregnancies were recorded during the implementation period. Early treatment discontinuation rate occurred in 11.8% of cases, with discontinuation associated with age and baseline serum creatinine alterations. Half of the patients required temporary treatment interruptions or irregular dosing, extending the treatment duration beyond the planned 28 days. This pharmacovigilance model provides valuable insights, representing an approach potentially applicable to other neglected disease control programs, especially when introducing new treatment technologies.
A cold case from 1984: Navigating subcultural memory, discomfort and uncertainty
Authors: Cook John
Published: December 2024

The goal of this article is to provide an account of the difficulty, in the present, of reconstructing a punk event that took place 40 years ago. I will use this undertaking as the basis for reflecting on the larger conceptual stakes (ideas and concepts) that are illustrated by this specific event from the past, the Brockwell Park Festival, London. I played bass at this event in Strawberry Switchblade, a female-led cult post-punk band. A cold case is used here as a metaphor for this reconstruction; the larger conceptual stakes are the ‘mystery’ to be investigated. This in turn enables me to frame my account of that day from the past in terms of how it functions within punk and post-punk culture and scholarship. There was a lot of fun, energy and some ‘aggro’ (i.e. violent or threatening behaviour) at this event. I present an autoethnography, reviews from the time and various first-hand accounts of this particularly tense punk and post-punk event, i.e. my cold case, so that I can examine the significance and the importance of returning to the past and unpicking the memories and myths of subcultural experience. This is followed by a discussion of the larger conceptual stakes: memory, subcultural memory and myth; ‘tribes’; discomfort and uncertainty.
Bridging the Gap Between Blood Donors and Recipients
Authors: Gianni Alessio
Published: December 2024

Over the last few decades, shortage of blood in blood banks across the U.S. has become a nationally relevant issue. University students are a great pool of young, healthy adults, who can contribute to solve this problem. To motivate university students to donate blood, a new approach is required. This article analyses the idea of setting up a university app which connects donors to blood banks, which can effectively notify the enrolled students when blood (and what type) is needed. The use of an app makes the communication process direct and concise, giving an impression of efficiency (Gasimova&Huseynova, 2016). However, data privacy needs to be ensured, therefore, drawing inspiration from the impactful use of public messaging as explored by Essien et al. (2023), this proposal emphasizes clear and transparent communication through individually targeted app notifications to engage students and foster trust. Rewards for blood donations are offered in-app in form of campus currency, funded by sponsorships, effectively gamifying this system. This social contribution by the university also has the potential to boost its reputation (Tjatoerwidyaet al., 2024). As a result, this idea could be then applied across the country highlighting the crucial role of communication in promoting strong, sustainable networks and relationships (Olkkonenet al., 2001).
Ecotopia: An App that Mitigates Ecological Problems Worldwide
Authors: Bhise Nikhil
Published: December 2024

Climate change has been getting worse throughout each decade due to pollution. That is why I developed an app called Ecotopia to prevent climate change from getting even worse. With an interpreted GPS to track real-world locations, Ecotopia allows individuals to go near any marked areas known as Ecomarks throughout the map, which include volunteer work, clearing trash/debris, and preserving endangered species. People can share posts to these Ecomarks showing what progress has been made. The Ecomarks also have brief summaries about any specific issues and how they can help to resolve these issues. In general, not only does the Ecomarks build networks and relationships via posts, but it can also increase awareness about these problems from summaries and update posts. Specifically, Ecomarks encourage audiences to learn about our world's current situation, and why these threats exist. However, it may not resolve every problem from each Ecomark because the posts are not sent directly towards governments and organizations. These posts are generally designed to attract various communities that could get involved in doing. Furthermore, there are some people that could potentially make these issues even worse, which can have a huge impact on climate change. Overall, if we want to get governments and organizations involved in Ecotopia, there will have to be a majority of people sharing posts worldwide.
Detoxification Activity of Noni Leaf Water Extract
Authors: West Brett , Palu Afa , Su Chen
Published: December 2024

M. citrifolia L. (noni) leaves have been used as a food in tropical regions of the world and are known to be safe and nutritious. However, the leaves are also known to have been used extensively in folk medicine. Previous research has demonstrated notable antioxidant activity of extracts made from the leaves, as well as compounds isolated from them. As such, the potential of the leaves as a health maintaining functional food is great. Noni leaves have also been historically used among Pacific Islanders topically and internally to treat a number of health conditions, including those of the skin. To verify this traditional use, the detoxification potential of noni leaf hot-water extract, or infusion, was investigated in vivo and in vitro. Noni leaf extract increased the survival time of Kunming mice receiving i.p. trichlorfon by 32.6% (P < 0.05), compared to the untreated control group. Noni leaf water extract induced glutathione S-transferase activity more than 2.5-fold at a concentration of 1.665 mg/mL, with induction being evident down to a concentration of 60 μg/mL. The ORAC value of expressed juice from raw leaves was 84,724 μmole trolox equivalents (TE)/L. The increased survival time suggests a detoxifying or mitigating effect, likely due to increased glutathione S-transferase activity. The ORAC value of the leaf juice indicates very high potential for antioxidant activity. Free-radical damage is a significant component of trichlorfon toxicity and the observed antioxidant activity is likely another mechanism by which the water extract mitigates this toxicity.
Project Management Turnover: Causes, Timing, and Impacts on Performance
Authors: Altamimi Mohammed Quazie
Published: December 2024

Project management turnover, the departure of key project managers, is a pervasive issue with significant implications for project performance and organizational success. This research explores the multifaceted dimensions of project management turnover, focusing on its causes, timing, and impacts. A comprehensive review of literature reveals critical drivers, including organizational factors, project characteristics, and individual motivations, while emphasizing the pivotal role of turnover timing in project success. The study finds that both early and late turnover events disrupt knowledge continuity, delay deliverables, and compromise quality. Recommendations include proactive succession planning, robust knowledge transfer mechanisms, and fostering a supportive organizational culture to mitigate the adverse effects of turnover. By addressing these challenges, organizations can ensure smoother leadership transitions, sustain team morale, and enhance project outcomes.
The Role of Agile Methodologies in Modern Software Development: A Comprehensive Analysis of Impact, Challenges, and Best Practices
Authors: Nwachukwu Abebe Sutukai , Boatengu Kwame Efua
Published: December 2024

Agile methodologies have fundamentally transformed software development paradigms by emphasizing adaptability, collaborative synergy, and iterative enhancement. However, their successful integration necessitates a nuanced understanding of contextual variables, intra-team dynamics, and project-specific considerations. This paper meticulously examines Agile methodologies through a technical lens, evaluating their ramifications on human resources, procedural workflows, and project execution. We delve into the intrinsic advantages and potential pitfalls, alongside strategies for risk mitigation. By offering actionable insights, this paper aims to equip project managers and organizations with the requisite tools to refine their Agile practices.
Evaluating the Impact of Project Management Approaches on Project Success: A Comprehensive Analysis of Traditional, Agile, and Hybrid Models
Authors: Haddab Daniella Maya
Published: December 2024

The evolution of project management methodologies reflects the increasing complexity and diversity of modern industries. Traditional project management approaches, rooted in sequential planning and control, have long been the cornerstone of project execution. However, as industries face rapid technological change and evolving customer expectations, agile methodologies have emerged as a flexible alternative, emphasizing adaptability, collaboration, and iterative processes. Hybrid models integrate the strengths of both traditional and agile frameworks to address diverse project needs. This research investigates the comparative impacts of traditional, agile, and hybrid approaches on project success. Success is examined through a multidimensional lens, including project efficiency, team impact, customer satisfaction, business outcomes, and future preparedness. Data collected from 227 global project professionals reveals that agile and hybrid methodologies significantly outperform traditional approaches in enhancing team dynamics and preparing organizations for long-term adaptability. The findings provide actionable insights for practitioners and scholars in optimizing project management strategies across varied contexts.
Institutional Competencies for Big Data Analytics in the South African Financial Sector
Authors: Langa Moruti Dunstun , Smith Clive
Published: December 2024

The South African financial sector faces challenges with big data analytics (BDA), including understanding its role, the risk of replacing managerial decision-making and identifying necessary institutional competencies (ICs). Globally, BDA is crucial for performance and competitive advantage, emphasising management’s need to comprehend BDA and related ICs. Research with 10 senior management individuals highlighted five fundamental ICs for BDA implementation: leadership, business acumen, data science knowledge, new job roles and functional governance. The theoretical frameworks included resource-based theory, social cognitive theory and the diffusion of innovation theory. The findings stress the importance of enhanced leadership engagement, governance frameworks, business acumen and stronger data science roles alongside the development of new positions in BDA. Continuous development of suitable ICs is vital for improving organisational performance in the evolving BDA landscape.
The Process Modelling Guide: From Mapping to Optimization
Authors: Voráček Stanislav
Published: December 2024

This review article deals with the issue of process modelling, a fundamental tool in process optimization. The aim of the article is to provide a structured overview of the most common methods and tools used in process mapping, analysis, and optimization. The article includes a description of process model creation in clearly defined steps, followed by an explanation of the basic terminology. The article also includes a list of methods for process mapping, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each method based on the interpreted data. Selected process plotting software tools are shown, and the reader is also introduced to the advantages and disadvantages of process optimisation.
Understanding the Adoption of Web Development Frameworks – The Determinants of Continuance Intention
Authors: Swaris Anne Shanika , Wickramasinghe Vathsala
Published: December 2024

The paper provides findings of a study that investigated determinants of the continuance intention of web development frameworks. The specific objectives were to identify factors that could influence continuance intention and test the effect of these factors in determining continuance intention. Hundred and fifty software development professionals in software engineering and design engineering job positions from 16 firms, which involved in web development as a key business activity, responded to the survey questionnaire. Six factors that significantly predict the continuance intention were identified, i.e., technical support experienced by users, management support experienced by users, personal advantage perceived by users, users’ level of risk response, users’ level of technology awareness, and users’ level of optimism towards technology. The paper concludes with the discussion of implications of the findings for theory and practice.
A preparação de migrantes para o ENCCEJA em um curso popular para preparação para o ENEM
Authors: Elisa Lemos Melo Lívia , Ferreira Luciane Corrêa
Published: December 2024

Neste artigo, deseja-se debater o processo de preparação de migrantes para a realização do Exame Nacional para Certificação de Competências de Jovens e Adultos (ENCCEJA) a partir das experiências vividas pela professora de Linguagens e Redação do Pró-Imigrantes. O Pró-Imigrantes é um curso popular destinado a migrantes que desejam realizar o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem), especialmente com o intuito de acessarem o Ensino Superior no Brasil. O curso é sediado na Faculdade de Letras da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Fale-UFMG). Ainda que sejam aceitos migrantes em qualquer contexto, o projeto tem atendido, em sua maioria, migrantes de crise. A partir de experiências prévias dentro do curso, observou-se a crescente necessidade dos alunos de revalidarem ou obterem o seu diploma e histórico escolar do Ensino Médio no Brasil. O ENCCEJA foi o processo mais ágil e simplificado encontrado pela equipe da época. Portanto, desde 2022, além da preparação para o Enem (Melo, 2023), o curso oferece também preparação para o ENCCEJA. Neste trabalho, analisa-se quais os principais desafios e especificidades da preparação de migrantes de crise para essa avaliação a partir do relato de experiência da professora que atua no projeto desde 2020 e que também participou da pesquisa e da implementação do ENCCEJA no curso popular. O relato de experiência se baseia em trabalhos previamente feitos por pesquisadores neste mesmo contexto, como Oliveira (2019a), Ferreira et. al. (2022) e Melo (2023). Por tratar do ensino de Linguagens e Redação e, portanto, do ensino e aprendizagem de línguas, este trabalho também se insere na área de Português como Língua de Acolhimento (PLAc) (Grosso, 2021; Lopez; Diniz, 2018)). Resultados prévios apontam para o fato de que uma das principais dificuldades encontradas pelos alunos migrantes está em compreender o funcionamento da prova, bem como os procedimentos de leitura de edital e leitura de enunciados.
Memorias de la violencia en Colombia
Authors: Lamprea Abril Nathalia
Published: December 2024

En Colombia, el Paro Nacional de 2021 se produjo como respuesta a una crisis socioeconómica y política cuyos detonantes fueron, entre otros, el incremento de la pobreza por la pandemia de la COVID-19, las desigualdades sociales estructurales, las violencias históricas del país y, aún más, la precarización de la vida y la incertidumbre frente al futuro. Se constituyó como una oportunidad para pensarse en transformaciones que buscaron no solo materializar un cambio social y político, sino también tensionar los sentidos del presente y del pasado reciente concernientes a las formas de violencia, y así, intentar dislocar los marcos normativos de relatos hegemónicos de país a través de la producción de (contra)discursos y nuevas territorialidades de la memoria. Partiendo de la noción de memoria como discurso y como performance, en el presente artículo analizamos dos materialidades (contra)discursivas referentes a memorias violentas: una intervención performática en las calles de la ciudad de Bogotá y algunas publicaciones en redes sociales, particularmente en la red social Twitter, ambas relacionadas con los falsos positivos y desapariciones en Colombia. Este análisis nos permitió ver cómo de la creación colectiva y politizada potencia (contra)discursos a partir de relacionamientos performativos de los espacios, los cuerpos y los elementos matéricos de forma inédita, que activan nuevos campos sentido y agencian territorialidades alternativas que reclaman por el recuerdo.
Proposta didática para práticas com leitura literária nos Anos Iniciais: à luz da Teoria da Atividade de Estudo
Authors: Rocateli Marestone Adrielly , Aparecida Pires Franco Sandra
Published: December 2024

Este trabalho apresenta um recorte de pesquisa de Doutorado em Educação vinculada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Tem como objetivo geral oferecer subsídios para repensar a introdução de mudanças no contexto escolar e pensar em atividades de estudo nas práticas pedagógicas acerca da leitura literária compromissada com a melhoria do processo de ensino e de aprendizagem e para a formação de leitores. Apresenta-se como problema de pesquisa: Como a Teoria da Atividade de Estudo, por meio de uma proposição didática, contribui para práticas de leitura literária nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental? Com tratamento de dados qualitativos, alicerçados no Materialismo Histórico-Dialético e na Teoria Histórico Cultural. É imprescindível que professores conheçam a Teoria da Atividade de Estudo e reconheçam a possibilidade de organizar seus planos de aulas, desenvolvidos com base no diálogo, para que incluam a participação dos estudantes nas tomadas de decisões necessárias à condução das atividades em sala de aula.
On psychological issues in math problems
Authors: Iosifovich  Abramson Yakov
Published: December 2024

Some psychological data based on results returning back from solving math problems which include psychological component such as self-restriction is sometimes irrelevant due to different reasons. Sometimes the possible error in great deal is caused by ill posed question and sometimes, especially regarding preschoolers and elementary school students it is mixed with their insufficient proficiency in operating with math concepts pertaining to the problem. In the article are also offered samples of fixing these issues by introducing set of questions preceding statement of the question.
Sustainable Development Goals and Food Remittances: COVID-19 Lockdowns, Digital Transformation, Lessons and Policy Reflections from South Africa-Zimbabwe Corridor
Authors:   University of the Western Cape, Sithole Sean , Dinbabo Mulugeta , Tevera Daniel
Published: December 2024

The United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to address global challenges like food insecurity, poverty, inequality, and economic growth. Remittances are crucial in achieving these goals, especially in developing countries. By directly supporting households, remittances help reduce poverty and food insecurity, improve access to healthcare and education and bolster financial stability. Strengthening policies to facilitate safe, affordable remittances aligns with SDG targets and empowers families to break the poverty cycle, contributing to sustainable development at the community level. Recent migration studies reveal that food remittances are essential to achieving the SDG goals, mainly poverty reduction at the household level and the nutrition security of poor households in Southern Africa. The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly disrupted the mechanisms and pathways through which international migrants transfer food remittances to their home countries. In the Global South, recent studies have highlighted the expansion of digital-mobile technology. However, in Southern Africa, digital food remittances are still under-researched. This paper is based on a mixed-methods study whose aim is to contribute to the academic and policy discussion on food remittances by examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns introduced by the South African and Zimbabwean governments on the nature and volume of cross-border food remittance flows between the two countries. The article begins by assessing the characteristics of food remittance transfers during the pandemic. It then highlights key lessons learned regarding the role of various transfer channels amid significant disruptions. Finally, the discussion pivots to the implications of mobile and digital technology-based channels for the food remittance market, which primarily operates within informal financial ecosystems. This examination underscores the transformative potential of technological advancements in reshaping the dynamics of remittance flows during times of crisis. A key finding is that digital-mobile technologies in cross-border food remittances promote financial and digital inclusion and offer swift, accessible (particularly during the pandemic-induced disruptions of informal channels), reliable, and convenient ways to remit food, which is crucial for food and nutrition security. The insights gained from this paper underscore the need for policymakers to support and enhance the integration of digital-mobile technologies within the food remittance framework. By doing so, stakeholders can ensure improved food and nutrition security for families reliant on these vital transfers, thus contributing to broader socio-economic stability in the region.
Changing Diets, Varying Food Consumption Patterns and Food Security Among Recent Zimbabwean Migrants in Windhoek, Namibia
Authors:   University of the Western Cape, Tawodzera Godfrey
Published: December 2024

Approximately 184 million people globally currently live outside their country of birth. Close to 70 percent of these movements occur within regions. In Africa, people move between countries due to socio-economic, political and governance issues. In Zimbabwe, decades of economic and political challenges have generated significant out-migration to neighbouring countries including in Namibia, where there is relative political stability and better economic opportunities. While there have been studies documenting these movements, few studies have interrogated the food security of these migrants in their host countries, where they are likely to face food security challenges due to their precarious low income and unemployment owing to their migrant status. This study thus sought to investigate the changing dietary and food consumption patterns of recent Zimbabwean migrants and the impacts of these changes on household food security. Data collected from in-depth interviews with 35 Zimbabwean migrant households in Windhoek indicated that migrants were facing many challenges ranging from inability to access appropriate foods, high costs of traditional foods, and many other challenges that impacted negatively on their household food security.
Passivity-Based Model-Predictive Control for the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine
Authors: Garcés-Ruiz Alejandro , Gil González Walter Julián
Published: December 2024

Context: This study focuses on advanced control techniques for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs), which are crucial in various industrial applications due to their efficiency and precise control requirements. Passivity-based control methods offer stability and performance, addressing these challenges effectively.
Method: A passivity-based model predictive control (MPC) is proposed, integrating port-Hamiltonian representation with optimization. Stability theorems are theoretically explored. The simulation evaluates the performance of our proposal under different prediction horizons and stability constraints.
Results: The proposed MPC is analyzed across several horizons, both including and excluding passivity and exponential stability constraints. 
Conclusions: This study presents a novel passivity-based MPC approach for PMSM speed regulation, highlighting the importance of stability constraints. Future research should extend this controller to synchronous machines in power systems and voltage source converters.
Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH), neurociencia y justicia penal
Authors: Nóbrega Souza Janna da
Published: December 2024

El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad se erige como una de las psico­patologías del neurodesarrollo de mayor prevalencia. Es destacable su notable correlación con un riesgo incrementado de involucrarse en la delincuencia. En efecto, la presencia de su sintomatología se vincula de manera consistente con un incremento dual en la probabilidad de ser arrestado, así como a un aumento superior a tres veces en la posibilidad de recibir condenas y a una casi triplicada prolongación de la duración de la encarcelación. Las investigaciones meta-analíticas ofrecen pruebas concluyentes de una correlación significativa entre dicha patología mental, los niveles reducidos de autocontrol y las conductas desviadas. La comprensión de estos fundamentos no reviste complejidad: el TDAH se origina en la interacción de factores genéticos y ambientales. Estos procesos dan lugar a alteraciones cerebrales que resultan en disfunciones a lo largo de los más variados dominios neuropsico­lógicos. A partir de esta premisa, surge la interrogante sobre si esta condición es capaz de influir en la determinación de la responsabilidad penal de adultos y menores. De igual modo, se indaga acerca del impacto que puede tener sobre el individuo en el curso del proceso y ejecución de las penas de prisión, con la particular salvedad de que, en lo que concierne a los jóvenes, las medidas que impliquen una privación de libertad deberán ser cumplidas en centros diferenciados. Son precisamente estas las interrogantes que constituyen el eje central de esta obra, la cual objetiva ofrecer un análisis dogmático sobre el TDAH y el Sistema de Justicia Penal, para concluir con una reflexión crítica sobre el actual marco normativo y jurisprudencia.
THE EFFECT OF HIIT (HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING) TRAINING ON THE MUSCLE STRENGTH OF THE UPPER BODY OF FK UNDIP STUDENTS
Authors: Stanley Marvin , Kumaidah Endang , Adji Raden Mas Soerjo , Sumardi Widodo
Published: December 2024

Background: High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is a form of physical training characterized by its high intensity, faster speed than regular physical training, and faster recovery speed. High-Intensity Interval training is often used by athletes because of its potent effect in increasing muscle growth and promoting health. The upper limb muscles are often used on a day to day basis. This research was conducted to find out the effectiveness of HIIT training in developing the upper body muscles.Objective: To determine the effectiveness of HIIT in developing the upper body muscles.Methods: The research is quasi experimental, with pre-test and post-test control group, with 2 participating groups, which are the sample group and the control group. The independent variable of the research is High-Intensity Interval Training, while the dependent variable is upper body muscle strength.Result: Based on the study, High Intensity Interval Training that focuses on the upper body muscles has a significant correlation with the upper body strength of Diponegoro University Medical College students. The treatment group showed an increase in throw distance during the SMBT, while the control group showed stagnating and decreasing throw distance.Conclusion: High-Intensity Interval Training is proven to be an effective exercise to increase upper-body strength on Diponegoro University Students.Keywords: High-Intensity Interval Training, Upper body muscle strength.
Soil physical health sustenance: strategies and perspectives - A review
Authors: Bharathi M , Sivakumar K , Gopalakrishnan M , Vennila MA , Anandham R , Sritharan N
Published: December 2024

Soil physical health sustenance is vital for ensuring sustainable agricultural output and environmental well-being. This review discusses several tactics and viewpoints targeted at protecting and promoting soil physical health. Soil health comprises its physical, chemical and biological characteristics, defining its capacity to sustain life. Degradation of soil physical health, caused by erosion, nutrient depletion and incorrect management methods, offers difficulties to agricultural sustainability, manifesting as reduced crop output and increased soil erosion. Soil physical qualities, including structure, porosity and water retention, directly influence plant development and ecosystem functioning. Effective soil management techniques, including practices like conservation tillage, covering crops and the use of organic amendments, are essential for preserving ideal soil physical conditions. Furthermore, advancements in technology, such as precision farming and remote sensing, provide innovative solutions for monitoring and managing soil health. However, constraints such as a lack of standardized assessment procedures and inadequate laboratory facilities restrict thorough soil health assessments. Future efforts should focus on multidisciplinary research to clarify the complex relationships among soil features and develop appropriate soil management solutions for varied agroecosystems. This analysis gives insights into soil physical health sustenance strategies and highlights the necessity of holistic soil management for resilient and sustainable agriculture.
Afetlerin Siyasal Söylemi: Türkiye'de İktidar ve Muhalefetin Karşılıklı Çerçeveleme ve Algılamaları, 1999-2023
Authors: Tutan Melih Nadi
Published: December 2024

Afetler, her ne kadar ilk bakışta fen ve doğa bilimlerinin inceleme alanına müdahilmiş gibi görünse de hem toplumsal kurumları etkileyen hem de bu kurumlardan etkilenen sosyal olaylardır. Buna karşın, Türkiye’de hayatın büyük bir alanın kaplayan bir kurum olarak siyasetin afetler ile ilişkileri Türkçe literatürde görece az incelenmiş bir konudur. Bu çalışmada, afet-siyaset ilişkilerinin Türk siyasetinde nasıl bir görünüm aldığı keşfedici biçimde incelenerek Türkçe literatüre bir katkı verilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla Türkiye’de 1999 depremlerinden itibaren meydana gelen en ölümcül on afette siyasal aktörlerin bu afetlere nasıl tepkiler verdiği ve birbirlerine ilişkin nasıl nitelemelerde bulundukları yorumsayıcı içerik analiziyle incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda Türkiye’de yaşanan afetlerin iktidar-muhalefet ilişkilerinde yer alan çoğu zaman da açık algılamaları daha şiddetli biçimde ortaya çıkardığı, iktidarın muhalefeti “sorumsuz ve makyavelist”, muhalefetin ise iktidarı “beceriksiz ama baskıcı” temalarıyla algıladıkları görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda, Türk siyasetinde yer alan grupların ilişkilerinin afetler karşısında nasıl bir kırılganlık meydana getirebileceği tartışılmıştır.
Eccentric exercise‐induced muscle damage and inflammation in conjunction with high‐altitude decompression in adults
Authors: Gottschalk Frode , Gennser Mikael , Günther Mattias , Eiken Ola , Elia Antonis
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effect of eccentric exercise on exercise‐induced muscle damage (EIMD) and inflammation on high‐altitude‐induced venous gas emboli (VGE). Subjects were exposed to an altitude of 24,000 ft. for 90 min, with either prior eccentric exercise (ECC) or no exercise (Control) 24 h before. Blood samples were collected at baseline (T0), before (T1), and after (T2) altitude exposures. VGE load was evaluated using the Eftedal‐Brubakk (ΕΒ) scale. Creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin were used to assess muscle damage, while interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen were used to evaluate inflammation. ECC showed higher EB‐scores during altitude exposures [median(range), 3(0–5)] than Control [1(0–4), p = 0.019]. Increases in myoglobin (+35%, p = 0.012), CK (+130%, p < 0.001), IL‐6 (+72%, p = 0.02), and CRP (+63%, p = 0.004) were observed from T0 to T1 in ECC, but not Control. Significantly higher levels of myoglobin (p = 0.033), CK (p < 0.001), IL‐6 (p = 0.016), and CRP (p = 0.002) were noted in the ECC compared to Control at T1. IL‐6 increased from T1 to T2 in ECC (p = 0.005), with higher levels than Control at T2 (p = 0.046). A correlation was found between EB‐scores and T1 myoglobin levels (rs = 0.450; p = 0.004), and to T1‐T2 IL‐6 changes (rs = 0.396; p = 0.037). Eccentric EIMD followed by inflammation is associated with a higher decompression strain, with VGE load aggravating systemic inflammation.
Periodic measures of fractional stochastic discrete wave equations with nonlinear noise
Authors: Li Xintao , She Lianbing , Yao Jingjing
Published: December 2024

The primary focus of this work lies in the exploration of the limiting dynamics governing fractional stochastic discrete wave equations with nonlinear noise. First, we establish the well-posedness of solutions to these stochastic equations and subsequently demonstrate the existence of periodic measures for the considered equations.
Just-in-time updated DBN BOF steel-making soft sensor model based on dense connectivity of key features
Authors: Lu Zongxu , Liu Hui , Chen FuGang , Li Heng , Xue XiaoJun
Published: December 2024

Due to the high-dimensional nonlinear nature of the BOF steelmaking production process data, although the ability of deep learning to extract abstract information is more prominent, it faces the challenge of low correlation between the extracted features and labels, and the static model cannot be applied to the forecasting requirements under changing working conditions. In order to enable deep learning to cope with these problems and maintain good prediction performance, this chapter proposes a Deep Belief Network (DBN) feature extraction model based on dense connectivity of key features. First, the key features are selected by feature importance judgment and redundancy judgment, and the selected key features are passed layer-by-layer through a densely connected structure. Second, a deep feature extraction network is formed by stacking layers to improve the feature extraction capability of the network. Finally, a Just-in-time learning (JITL) method is proposed to reduce the high-dimensional steelmaking data of the BOF while preserving the data structure by using the stream learning dimensionality reduction method to improve the accuracy of the metrics in the JITL process, so that the online fine-tuned model can be applied to the forecasting requirements under different working conditions. According to the actual BOF steel production process data, the prediction accuracy of the terminal carbon content reached 82.0% within the error range of ±0.02%, and the prediction accuracy of the temperature reached 80.0% within the error range of ±10°C.