bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estado Nutricional, Hábitos alimentarios, Actividad física y Horas de Sueño en estudiantes de la Patagonia Chilena según las estaciones del año: Estudio Observacional
Authors: Aravena Martinovic Paola Andrea , Mansilla Barria Andrea Macarena , Paredes Morales Melisa , Duarte Vidal Carolina , Valdebenito Santana Jose Luis
Published: July 2021

Introducción: Se realizó una comparación del estado nutricional, hábitos alimentarios, actividad física y horas de sueño en estudiantes de 5° a 8° grado de educación primaria en una escuela pública de la ciudad Punta Arenas Chile, según las estaciones de invierno y verano considerando la variabilidad climática y de luz solar de un clima extremo.Material y métodos: Estudio observacional analítico de enfoque cuantitativo, longitudinal de cohorte. Se siguieron durante un período de 7 meses a 105 estudiantes de ambos sexos cuya edad promedio fue 11,5 años. Se realizaron dos mediciones de las cuatro variables en estudio (estado nutricional, hábitos alimentarios, actividad física y horas de sueño). Se efectuaron mediciones de peso y talla para la obtención del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) para clasificar el estado nutricional según IMC/edad con los patrones de crecimiento recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Los hábitos alimentarios y sueño fueron evaluados con un cuestionario auto administrado y se categorizó las horas de sueño para la edad según National Sleep Foundation. Para la evaluación de la actividad física en los estudiantes se utilizó la Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children PAQ-C. El análisis de datos se realizó con el Software estadístico SPSSⓇ Versión 22 y la prueba estadística t-student para muestras relacionadas. Resultados: No se encontró diferencia significativa en el estado nutricional (p 0,57). Los hábitos alimentarios saludables y la actividad física disminuyen en la estación de verano (p> 0,05). Las horas de sueño no tuvieron diferencias significativas en ambas estaciones con un promedio de 8,3 horas. Conclusiones: Los hábitos alimentarios saludables y de actividad física disminuyen en la estación de verano posiblemente asociados al receso escolar, sin evidenciar un efecto directo de la estación de año sobre las variables estudiadas.
Influence of Incident Energy on Sisal/Epoxy Composite Subjected to Low Velocity Impact and Damage Characterization Using Ultrasonic C-Scan
Authors: Mahesh Saravanan , Chandrasekar Muthukumar , Asokan R. , Mouli Yaddula Chandra , Sridhar Katta , Krishna Vamsi Vadlamudi Venkata , Varma Maripati Dinesh , Venkatanarayanan Pappakudi Srinivasan
Published: July 2021

Impact resistance is an inevitable characteristic of the composites employed in the high performance structural applications. Due to the growing interest in the use of sisal fibre as reinforcement in the polymer composites, it is required to determine the response of sisal/epoxy composites to low velocity impact at high incident energies where perforation can occur and assess the damage characteristics using a non-destructive technique. In this work, sisal/epoxy composites were subjected to drop weight impact in the velocity range of 3 m/s to 5 m/s at different energy levels between 20 J to 50 J according to the ASTM D7136. Based on the results observed, it is concluded that both the peak load and absorbed energy increased with the increasing incident energy level up to 40 J. At 50 J, perforation occurred and the maximum deformation was approximately 22 mm for the sisal/ epoxy composite. Damage characteristics and failure behaviour of the composite at different incident energies was examined from the visual images of the front and back face of the composite. The quantitative assessment of crack propagation in the sisal/epoxy composite and the damage area were determined from the ultrasonic C-scan images of the sample post impact at various energy levels.
Stres Akademik Anak Usia Dini: Pembelajaran CALISTUNG vs. Tuntutan Kinerja Guru
Authors: Wulansuci Ghina
Published: July 2021

The success of education lies in the extent to which teachers use their abilities in educational practice. This study aims to analyze the academic stress in early childhood in Kindergarten institutions in Banjaran District. The research uses a qualitative approach using the case study. The subject of this research is a Kindergarten teacher in Banjaran District. Collecting data using observation and interviews. Analysis of research data using grounded theory. Test the validity of research data using triangulation of sources and techniques. The results of this study indicate that early childhood experiences stress in Banjaran District due to pressure from parents or guardians of students who want their children to be able to reading, writing, and counting. Principals and teachers have to fulfill the demands of parents or guardians of Kindergarten students in Banjaran District. In addition, the Principal of Kindergarten Schools in Banjaran District assigns various tasks to teachers. The findings of this study contribute to knowledge in the form of causes of early childhood academic stress and recommend early childhood education institutions to minimize stress in early childhood.
COVID-19: A case for the collection of race data in Canada and abroad
Authors: Thompson Emily , Edjoc Rojiemiahd , Atchessi Nicole , Striha Megan , Gabrani-Juma Imran , Dawson Thomas
Published: July 2021

Racialized populations have consistently been shown to have poorer health outcomes worldwide. This pattern has become even more prominent in the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In countries where race disaggregated data are routinely collected, such as the United States and the United Kingdom, preliminary reports have identified that racialized populations are at a heightened risk of COVID-19 infection and mortality. Similar patterns are emerging in Canada but rely on proxy measures such as neighbourhood diversity to account for race, in the absence of person-level data. It follows that the collection of race disaggregated data in Canada is a crucial element in identifying individuals at risk of poorer COVID-19 outcomes and developing targeted public health interventions to mitigate risk among Canada’s racialized populations. Given this continuing gap, advocating for timely access to this data is of great importance owing to the challenges that the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted amongst racialized populations in Canada and worldwide.
A summary of surveillance, morbidity and microbiology of laboratory-confirmed cases of infant botulism in Canada, 1979–2019
Authors: Harris Richard , Tchao Christine , Prystajecky Natalie , Cutler Jennifer , Austin John W
Published: July 2021

Background: Infant botulism is a rare toxicoinfectious disease caused by colonization of the infant’s intestine with botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia (i.e. Clostridium botulinum or neurotoxigenic strains of C. butyricum or C. baratii). Our goal was to examine data from laboratory-confirmed cases of infant botulism reported in Canada to summarize incidence over time, over geographic distribution by province or territory, and by sex, and to compare these parameters with data from the Canadian Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (CNDSS). The average age of onset, serotype of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), case outcomes, length of hospitalization and suitability of clinical specimens for laboratory confirmation were also determined. Methods: We examined laboratory records from the Health Canada Botulism Reference Service and the British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) Public Health Laboratory. The Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) and the Hospital Morbidity Database (HMDB) of the Canadian Institute of Health Information (CIHI) were queried for data on hospitalization of infant botulism cases. The CNDSS was queried for data on reported cases of infant botulism. Results: From 1979 to 2019, 63 laboratory-confirmed cases of infant botulism were confirmed by the Health Canada Botulism Reference Service and the BCCDC Public Health Laboratory for an annual rate of 4.30 cases per million live births. From 1983 to 2018, 57 cases of infant botulism were reported to the CNDSS. Of the 63 cases confirmed by the reference laboratories, the median age of onset was 16 weeks with a range of 2 to 52 weeks. The majority of cases were type A (76%) and B (21%), with single cases of type F and type AB. Of the 23 laboratory-confirmed cases with matched hospital records, 13 were transferred to special care and eight needed ventilator support; no deaths were reported. Conclusion: Spores of C. botulinum are present naturally in the environment, thus diagnosis of infant botulism does not require a history of exposure to high-risk foods such as honey. Stool samples are the most useful diagnostic specimen.
A window of opportunity for intensifying testing and tracing efforts to prevent new COVID-19 outbreaks due to more transmissible variants
Authors: Wu Jianhong , Scarabel Francesca , McCarthy Zachary , Xiao Yanyu , Ogden Nicholas H
Published: July 2021

Background: When public health interventions are being loosened after several days of decline in the number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, it is of critical importance to identify potential strategies to ease restrictions while mitigating a new wave of more transmissible variants of concern (VOCs). We estimated the necessary enhancements to public health interventions for a partial reopening of the economy while avoiding the worst consequences of a new outbreak, associated with more transmissible VOCs. Methods: We used a transmission dynamics model to quantify conditions that combined public health interventions must meet to reopen the economy without a large outbreak. These conditions are those that maintain the control reproduction number below unity, while accounting for an increase in transmissibility due to VOC. Results: We identified combinations of the proportion of individuals exposed to the virus who are traced and quarantined before becoming infectious, the proportion of symptomatic individuals confirmed and isolated, and individual daily contact rates needed to ensure the control reproduction number remains below unity. Conclusion: Our analysis indicates that the success of restrictive measures including lockdown and stay-at-home orders, as reflected by a reduction in number of cases, provides a narrow window of opportunity to intensify case detection and contact tracing efforts to prevent a new wave associated with circulation of more transmissible VOCs.
L’élaboration d’une réponse de santé publique communautaire à une éclosion de glomérulonéphrite poststreptococcique dans une collectivité des Premières Nations
Authors: Jacob Jeffrey , Bocking Natalie , Hummelen Ruben , Poirier Jenna , Kelly Len , Madden Sharen , Schreiber Yoko
Published: July 2021

Contexte : La glomérulonéphrite poststreptococcique (GNPS) est une affection rare à médiation immunitaire qui survient généralement chez les enfants à la suite d’une infection par le streptocoque du groupe A. La GNPS n’est pas considérée comme une maladie d’importance pour la santé publique, ou à déclaration obligatoire, au Canada. Une incidence plus élevée de GNPS a été décrite chez les populations autochtones du Canada. Il n’existe aucune directive nationale ou provinciale pour définir ou gérer les éclosions de GNPS. Objectif : Décrire une éclosion de sept cas pédiatriques de GNPS dans une collectivité éloignée des Premières Nations dans le nord-ouest de l’Ontario et la mise au point d’une stratégie d’intervention de santé publique à l’échelle de la collectivité. Méthodes : À la suite d’une revue de la littérature, une stratégie d’intervention a été établie. La stratégie consistait à dépister chez tous les enfants de la collectivité la présence d’un œdème facial ou périphérique ou de lésions cutanées, et à prescrire un traitement par antibiotiques si un tel œdème est constaté. Des définitions de cas, de contacts et d’éclosions ont également été élaborées. L’objectif de l’intervention était de rompre la chaîne de transmission d’une possible souche néphritogène de streptocoque circulant dans la communauté. Des données démographiques, cliniques et de laboratoire pertinentes ont été recueillies pour tous les cas. Résultat : Sept cas pédiatriques de GNPS se sont présentés au poste de soins infirmiers communautaire entre le 25 septembre et le 29 novembre 2017. Un dépistage des lésions cutanées à l’échelle de la collectivité a été réalisé pour 95 % des enfants de la communauté, y compris 17 contacts familiaux, ce qui a permis d’identifier le dernier des cas. Dix-neuf contacts familiaux adultes ont également été examinés. Dix contacts pédiatriques et deux contacts adultes présentant des lésions cutanées ont été traités avec une dose de pénicilline intramusculaire, et six contacts pédiatriques ont reçu de la céphalexine par voie orale. Aucun autre cas n’a été identifié à la suite de ce dépistage. Conclusion : La GNPS continue de se produire dans les populations autochtones du monde entier à des taux plus élevés que dans la population générale. En l’absence de déclaration obligatoire au Canada, le fardeau de la GNPS reste sous-estimé et pourrait nuire aux interventions de santé publique en amont et en aval. Des directives de santé publique fondées sur des données probantes sont nécessaires pour gérer les éclosions dans le contexte canadien. Le protocole d’intervention communautaire élaboré pour contenir l’éclosion de GNPS dans cette collectivité des Premières Nations peut servir de modèle pour la gestion des futures éclosions de GNPS.
A public health response to a newly diagnosed case of hepatitis C associated with lapse in Infection Prevention and Control practices in a dental setting in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Johnston Cassandra , Sunil Vidya , Service Dorothea , Holt Anne Marie , Garber Gary , Macdonald Liane , Kristjanson Erik , Mazzulli Tony , Olsha Romy , Ryding David , Noseworthy Avis Lynn
Published: July 2021

Background: Haliburton, Kawartha, Pine Ridge District Health Unit (HKPRDHU) investigated an exposure in an Ontario operatory dental facility related to a newly diagnosed hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection caused by a virus with an uncommon hepatitis C genotype. Lapses in Infection Prevention and Control (IPAC) and a second epidemiologically-linked case (with the same uncommon hepatitis C genotype) were identified, prompting a broader public health response and outbreak investigation. Objectives: a) To describe the investigation of a newly diagnosed case of hepatitis C; b) to describe the broader public health response, and c) to address a paucity in the literature related to the risk of disease transmission in dental settings due to IPAC lapses. Methods: A collaborative approach with two dental practices, public health partners and regulatory bodies was used. An IPAC inspection was completed to determine and mitigate the risk of blood borne infection transmission within the facilities. Appropriate protocols were followed for the IPAC investigation and public health response. Results: The investigation identified a risk of potential HCV transmission between two cases linked to the same dental facility. There were no other epi-linked cases of HCV identified. Challenges included a lack of adherence to IPAC standards in one of the dental settings and awareness in the dental community regarding HCV transmission, coordination with regulatory bodies and public health experts and low uptake of laboratory testing by patients. Conclusion: Despite the unique challenges associated with the investigation, HKPRDHU conducted a successful IPAC lapse investigation and public health response. Public health units need to maintain collaborative approaches with regulated health professionals, their regulatory bodies and public health experts.
Czy (i komu) potrzebne są czasopisma naukowe? Kontekst nauk społecznych
Authors: Brzeziński Jerzy Marian
Published: July 2021

Badacze zajmują się: (1) prowadzeniem badań naukowych oraz (2) upowszechnianiem ich wyników. Badacze zatrudnieni na uniwersytetach podejmują jeszcze dodatkową aktywność – (3) przekazują intersubiektywną wiedzę naukową (sprawdzone teorie i metody pozyskiwania tej wiedzy) swoim studentom i młodym badaczom, przygotowującym pod ich kierunkiem dysertacje doktorskie. Głównym kanałem przekazywania naukowych treści (wypełnianie przez badaczy obowiązku poddawania społecznej kontroli wytworów ich umysłów) są czasopisma naukowe. Tak jest w matematyce, fizyce, chemii, biologii, naukach medycznych czy w naukach inżynierskich. Tak też – w interesujących autora naukach społecznych – jest w psychologii. Z kolei w naukach humanistycznych (filozofia, historia, literaturoznawstwo itp.) duże znaczenie przypisuje się monografiom naukowym.

Autor rozpatruje problem publikowania osiągnięć naukowych badaczy z obszaru nauk społecznych (ale jego rozważania mają też znaczenie dla klasycznych nauk humanistycznych) w czasopismach i w monografiach na tle dokonanych w Polsce – jego zdaniem - nieudolnie i bez należytego poszanowania tradycji, reform w obszarze nauki i szkolnictwa wyższego (tzw. ustawa Jarosława Gowina, ministra ds. nauki szkolnictwa wyższego, autoryzującego krytykowaną ustawę).

Autor krytycznie odnosi się do negatywnych konsekwencji społecznych – zwłaszcza dla rozwoju nauki i studiów wyższych w Polsce. Autor krytycznie odnosi się do: (1) uznaniowego (bez racjonalnego uzasadnienia!) wyróżnienia listy wydawców książek naukowych, (2) stworzenia, bez należytej wnikliwości, listy czasopism. Te dwa wykazy stanowią podstawę do przeprowadzanych ewaluacji dorobku naukowego instytucji naukowych i pojedynczych badaczy. To nie mogą być rzetelne oceny.

Zdaniem autora przeliczanie publikacji na punkty prowadzi do zjawiska depersonalizacji ocen osiągnięć naukowych (w wymiarze indywidualnym i instytucjonalnym). Prowadzi też do udziału, zwłaszcza młodych badaczy, w „wyścigu szczurów” (formuła: Publish or Perish) oraz rodzi zjawiska patologiczne w nauce: ghostwriting, guest authorship, plagiarism, self-plagiarism, falsification of data, fabrication of data,  publikowanie w predatory journals, publication bias. Środkiem zaradczym może być tylko odejście od „punktowania” publikacji i dokonywanie ocen metodą peer review.
Misja prawniczego czasopisma naukowego w kryzysie i anomii konstytucyjnej
Authors: Wróbel Andrzej , Ziółkowski Michał
Published: July 2021

Odwołując się do stuletniej historii „Ruchu Prawniczego, Ekonomicznego i Socjologicznego” oraz ponadsiedemdziesięcioletniej tradycji „Państwa i Prawa”, dwóch najbardziej prestiżowych czasopism prawniczych w Polsce, autorzy rozważają pojęcie misji czasopisma naukowego i jej znaczenie w demokratycznym społeczeństwie. Rozważania te osadzone zostały w szczególnym kontekście: rewolucji konstytucyjnych, w trakcie których utrwalone interpretacje konstytucyjne są kwestionowane, a przepisy konstytucyjne – naruszane. Tłem rozważań autorów są zmiany polskiego prawa i praktyki z lat 2015–2020 o znaczeniu konstytucyjnym. Ten okolicznościowy artykuł szkicuje odpowiedź na pytanie, jak czasopisma prawnicze powinny reagować na sytuację „wymazywania” konstytucji (by użyć obrazowej metafory Mirosława Wyrzykowskiego). Aby odpowiedzieć na to pytanie, autorzy odwołują się kolejno do koncepcji: rewolucji konstytucyjnej, kryzysu konstytucyjnego, oraz adaptują pojęcie anomii konstytucyjnej. Artykuł ma w istotnej mierze charakter deskryptywny oraz interpretacyjny, choć jego części mogą służyć dalszym rozważaniom normatywnym.
Quantitative profiling of inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators in human adolescents and mouse plasma using UHPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Hartling Ivan , Cremonesi Alessio , Osuna Ester , Lou Phing-How , Lucchinetti Eliana , Zaugg Michael , Hersberger Martin
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Lipid mediators are bioactive lipids which help regulate inflammation. We aimed to develop an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method to quantify 58 pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators in plasma, determine preliminary reference ranges for adolescents, and investigate how total parenteral nutrition (TPN) containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) or n-6 PUFA based lipid emulsions influence lipid mediator concentrations in plasma.

Methods

Lipid mediators were extracted from plasma using SPE and measured using UHPLC-MS/MS. EDTA plasma was collected from healthy adolescents between 13 and 17 years of age to determine preliminary reference ranges and from mice given intravenous TPN for seven days containing either an n-3 PUFA or n-6 PUFA based lipid emulsion.

Results

We successfully quantified 43 lipid mediators in human plasma with good precision and recovery including several leukotrienes, prostaglandins, resolvins, protectins, maresins, and lipoxins. We found that the addition of methanol to human plasma after blood separation reduces post blood draw increases in 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (12-HEPE), 12S-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (12S-HETrE), 14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (14-HDHA) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2). Compared to the n-6 PUFA based TPN, the n-3 PUFA based TPN increased specialized pro-resolving mediators such as maresin 1 (MaR1), MaR2, protectin D1 (PD1), PDX, and resolvin D5 (RvD5), and decreased inflammatory lipid mediators such as leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2).

Conclusions

Our method provides an accurate and sensitive quantification of 58 lipid mediators from plasma samples, which we used to establish a preliminary reference range for lipid mediators in plasma samples of adolescents; and to show that n-3 PUFA, compared to n-6 PUFA rich TPN, leads to a less inflammatory lipid mediator profile in mice.
“The Nude Man’s City”: Flávio de Carvalho’s Anthropophagic Architecture as Cultural Criticism
Authors: Minkkinen Panu
Published: July 2021

Cannibalism is one of the most recognisable taboos of the West and a benchmark with which a supposedly civilised world has traditionally sought to differentiate itself from the radically “other” of the hinterlands. As such, cannibalism has made its way both into the vocabulary of the West’s pseudo-ethnographic self-reflection (e.g. Freud) and the imaginary of its literary culture (e.g. Grimm). A less-well-known strain in this narrative uses cannibalism as a critical postcolonial metaphor. In 1928, the Brazilian poet and agitator Oswald de Andrade published a short text entitled “Anthropophagic Manifesto.” The aim of the manifesto was to distance an emerging Brazilian modernism from the European ideals that the São Paulo bourgeoisie uncritically embraced, and to synthesise more avant-garde ideas with aspects from the cultures of the indigenous Amazonian peoples into a truly national cultural movement. This essay draws on various aspects of the anthropophagic movement and seeks to understand, whether (and how) it influenced Brazilian urban planning and architecture, and especially if it is detectable in the ways in which architects Lúcio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer designed and executed the legal and political institutions in Brasília, the country’s iconic federal capital. The ana-lysis, however, identifies a colonialist inclination in Costa and Niemeyer’s ideological debt to Le Corbusier. Instead, the radical potential of anthropophagic architecture is developed with reference to the less-known São Paulo architect and polymath Flávio de Carvalho whose aesthetic politics provide parallels with contemporary radical politics, as well. The essay suggests that such a notion of politics would be akin to a radical anti-instrumentalism that I have elsewhere, following Georges Bataille and Maurice Blanchot, called a “politics of the impossible.”
La descortesía de Donald Trump hacia los migrantes mexicanos y la respuesta de La Jornada en sus editoriales: la descortesía como práctica política
Authors: Bolívar Adriana , Escudero Ana
Published: July 2021

La descortesía de Donald Trump ha causado preocupación en su país y en casi todo el planeta por los efectos geopolíticos que su discurso racista, xenofóbico y misógino podría tener en la política mundial (Wodak y Krzyżanowski, 2017). En América Latina, México ha sido blanco de su discurso ofensivo y esto ha generado respuestas de diferentes sectores de la sociedad. En este trabajo, nos concentramos en la respuesta que el diario La Jornada ha dado a los insultos y amenazas contra los migrantes mexicanos y de otras nacionalidades desde su campaña electoral para presidente cuando amenazó con construir un muro entre Estados Unidos y México. Planteamos que aquí la descortesía es una práctica política de (auto)legitimación ideológica que amerita un estudio más allá de la construcción de la imagen social de los interlocutores individualmente porque, en este caso, se trata de una descortesía con implicaciones sociales, económicas y políticas para el diálogo internacional. Desde una perspectiva lingüística, interaccional y crítica (Bolívar, 2018, 2019) analizamos la situación, analizamos la situación entre México y EUA a través de los editoriales de La Jornada, concebidos como un espacio para el diálogo mediado por la prensa. Analizamos un corpus de editoriales que comprende de 2016 a 2020. El estudio revela cómo funciona la descortesía en la práctica política de Trump y la forma en que La Jornada responde en su rol de actor social.
From Slave to Bishop. Callixtus’ Early Ecclesial Career and Mechanisms of Clerical Promotion
Authors: Handl András
Published: July 2021

Bishop Callixtus I of Rome (217?–222?) is well known for his position as manager of the κοιμητήριον, the earliest subterranean community burial ground, today known as the Catacombs of Callixtus. Less well documented, but particularly formative is, however, Callixtus’ early ecclesial career starting with his recognition as an authentic confessor shortly after his return from the mines of Sardinia. This contribution aims to shed some light on this formative period and explores the mechanisms behind Callixtus’ promotion to paid ecclesial ministry. It argues that Callixtus’ association with the clergy was neither an honorary, that is, automatic admission, nor merely a pious act to honour his individual and spiritual achievement. It seems, it was also a powerful instrument to financially support, integrate, and if necessary, control independent spiritual authorities. Moreover, Callixtus’ installation in active ministry, as well as that of other confessors, show typical patterns of client-patron relationship.
A Review of Transnational Migrant Entrepreneurship: Perspectives on Unequal Spatialities
Authors: Sandoz Laure , Mittmasser Christina , Riaño Yvonne , Piguet Etienne
Published: July 2021

The spatialities of migrant entrepreneurship have changed dynamically in recent decades. Movements and exchanges transcend national borders more than ever, and transnational migrant entrepreneurship has become a burgeoning field of research. Yet, knowledge is dispersed across disciplines, and an understanding of contemporary spatialities is limited. We review 155 articles published in English, French, German, and Spanish since 2009, thereby providing an overview of existing knowledge on transnational migrant entrepreneurship and suggesting avenues for future research. We identify five current topical areas of research: (1) the business advantages of transnational migrant entrepreneurship, (2) the determinants of becoming a transnational migrant entrepreneur, (3) the transnational networks of migrants, (4) the economic impacts of transnational migrant entrepreneurship on home and host countries, and (5) whether local environments enable or deter entrepreneurial success. Building on our synthesis of the most recent literature, we propose three crucial dimensions which have been under-researched in past and current work, and which address the diversity of geographical locations, spatial connections, and spatial mobilities involved in transnational migrant entrepreneurship. Moreover, we put forward a set of questions for future research which will advance a comprehension of unequal opportunities among transnational migrant entrepreneurs.
Start Here
Authors: Birtwistle Andy
Published: July 2021

This article attempts to lend an ear to the compact audio cassette: a key feature of the domestic soundscape from its introduction in the early 1960s until its gradual obsolescence in the first decades of the 21st century. The piece aims to provide a new perspective on the cassette by way of a discussion of the Start Here tapes project: a series of seven artist audio cassette tapes released in 2016 and 2017. Applying a practice-based methodology to a study of objects that are intimate and well known, the project seeks to foreground the material agency of the cassette by making work that reflexively references material objecthood. The article examines what is at stake politically in this focus on materiality, and considers the way creative forms of reflexivity might have renewed ethical and political value within a ecopolitical or biopolitical context.
A Community Ambience
Authors: Burman Nicholas
Published: July 2021

This paper analyzes sound-oriented public performance Tuning In—the neighborhood, a project by Tao G. Vrhovec Sambolec, which took place in Amsterdam in May 2019. Through a combination of micropolitical theory and consideration of the (sound) art heritage that Tuning In is part of, the term ambience is transformed into a concept that helps one make sense of the way sound and place combine to effect one’s comprehension of the space they are in. Weaving in and out of the event in question while drawing on descriptions of the contemporary, sound studies, the philosophy of community, and affect theory, this article concludes by recognizing Tuning In as a sonic apparition of a communal spirit. It argues that this was an event in which one could find an amplification of an altermodernity rooted in the commons and the anti-neoliberal. Through a historically rooted understanding of the community that made itself heard during this event, Tuning In is presented as a vibrational amplification of the sort of community that is at threat in a gentrifying city. While also highlighting the potential problems arising from community making, such as the exclusion of certain bodies, this paper argues that a community must have the space within which it can “tune in” to itself and produce its own ambience.
Reverberations of the Black Feminist Breathing Chorus
Authors: Thomas Cathy
Published: July 2021

Alexis Pauline Gumbs is a writer, poet, activist, and independent scholar whose experimental triptych (Spill, M Archive, Dub) offers both mundane and unearthly interventions for humanity’s struggles against histories of ecological extraction and Black feminist refusals. Sangodare is a multimedia artist, musician, and theologian drawing from Black feminist writings and African Diaspora wisdom. They are co-founders of several multi-platform undertakings such as the Mobile Homecoming Project that birthed the Black Feminist Breathing Chorus (BFBC). It is one of many online and in-person spaces supporting QPOC and Black feminist communities. The BFBC, in particular, blends theory, meditation, music, poetics, and Black church traditions. In this asynchronous mantra practice, hundreds of participants receive daily “ancestor” mantras via the Mobilehomecoming.org website. These mantras are shortened quotes from the diverse writings and speeches of figures such as Marsha P. Johnson, Zora Neale Hurston, Pat Parker, and Joseph Beam. The social, juridical, and digital records of violence against women, POC, queer, and non-binary bodies and communities is not new. However, as consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have overlapped with conspicuous displays of anti-Black policing and asymmetric economies, the BFBC has provided an alternative space to rebuild and re-enchant social, political, and intellectual life through a remixed spiritual practice of amplifying voices. This interview highlights how race, gender, location, and time do not limit the quest for freedom. Thus, the primacy of Black queer positionality is instrumental in the chorus’s examination of both liberating and oppressive social hierarchies.
Nouvelles recherches archéologiques sur l’âge du Fer IIA à Tell el-Far‘a, Palestine
Authors: Montero Fenollós Juan-Luis , Caramelo Francisco
Published: July 2021

Après les travaux pionniers (1946-1960) du Père Roland de Vaux, directeur de l’École biblique et archéologique française de Jérusalem, à Tell el-Far‘a, au nord-est de la ville de Naplouse (Palestine), un nouveau projet conjoint international de recherche archéologique a été lancé en 2017 par l’Université de La Corogne, l’Université NOVA de Lisbonne et le Ministère du Tourisme et des Antiquités de Palestine. Les trois campagnes menées à ce jour ont fourni de nouvelles données sur l’âge du Fer IIA, en particulier sur la datation absolue d’une maison de la période VIIb du site. Pour le moment, il ne s’agit que de cinq dates par radiocarbone (AMS) obtenues pour cette période. Ce sont les premières que nous avons de ce site, clé pour avancer sur la question complexe de la chronologie absolue en Palestine au début du Ier millénaire av. J.-C. Bien que les données ne doivent pas être considérées comme définitives, elles indiquent une date du début du Xe siècle av. J.-C. pour la “Maison A”, qui a été fouillée en 2017-2019 à Tell el-Far‘a (VIIb).
Del mar a la tumba. Hallazgos de utensilios de pesca en las necrópolis de Gadir/Gades
Authors: Vargas Girón José Manuel
Published: July 2021

El estudio de los instrumentos de pesca atendiendo al contexto arqueológico donde quedaron sepultados es una línea de investigación de gran interés para reconstruir los diferentes usos y funciones que tuvieron este tipo de artefactos durante la Antigüedad. En este trabajo se presentan una serie de evidencias de instrumental pesquero procedentes de diferentes contextos funerarios excavados en las necrópolis de Gadir/Gades, estableciéndose una categorización de los ambientes donde fueron hallados (niveles deposicionales, estructuras relacionadas con el funcionamiento interno de las necrópolis y tumbas). Se tratará de explicar el papel que jugaron las artes de pesca en las necrópolis gaditanas en clave diacrónica, valorándose la importancia de la figura del pescador en las ceremonias funerarias. Por otro lado, la presencia de material pesquero formando parte de los ajuares de los difuntos permitirá aproximarnos a los ritos y tipos de tumbas utilizados en los enterramientos de los pescadores.
New technology for developing a lightweight refiner plate for hardwood kraft pulp fibers
Authors: Min Byeong-Geol , Lee Ji-Young , Kim Chul-Hwan , Park See-Han , Lee Min-Seok , Gu Ho-Gyeong , Lee Chang-Young
Published: July 2021

Sand casting makes it difficult to manufacture a fine bar plate for low intensity refining. This study introduced a novel technology for manufacturing lightweight fine bar plates and compared the effects to traditional bar plates. The lightweight fine bar plate base was manufactured using a lightweight aluminum alloy and stainless-steel. Because the bars were inserted into the plate vertically without the draft angle, the stock throughput was improved by approximately 27% compared to the sand-casted bar plates. Additionally, the lightweight fine bar plate maximized internal and external fibrillation while minimizing fiber length loss. In conclusion, the lightweight fine bar plate was shown to be more effective in improving the strength properties of paper and reducing energy consumption.
The combined effects of alkali treatment and ammonium bicarbonate addition on selected properties of MDF panels
Authors: Ustaömer Derya
Published: July 2021

Effects of alkali treatment and ammonium bicarbonate were studied relative to selected properties of medium-density fiberboard (MDF) panels. Wood fibers were subjected to alkali treatment with sodium hydroxide or sodium perborate monohydrate (SPM). The MDF panels were produced from untreated and alkali treated fibers with or without ammonium bicarbonate (ABC). The modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bonding (IB), thickness swelling (TS), water absorption (WA), and limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the MDF were analyzed. The mechanical, physical, and fire resistance properties of MDF samples showed differences depending on the experimental parameters used. The lowest TS and WA values were found in the untreated-control group. The highest value for MOR and MOE was found for the group with the addition of 8% ABC. The IB values generally were higher than the untreated-control value. The highest value was determined in the group ABC8. Remarkably higher LOI values were achieved in the LOI test, especially for the groups with the application of both alkali treatment and ammonium bicarbonate.
Unexpected chloro-functionalized ionic liquids-promoted selective conversion of cellulose into levulinic acid
Authors: Ma Hao , Qiao Yanhui , Teng Junjiang
Published: July 2021

A series of chloro-functionalized ionic liquids (CFILs) with chlorine groups (–Cl) on cations and chloride anions (Cl-) were synthesized and used as the promotion reagents for the selective conversion of cellulose into levulinic acid (LA) with the co-product of formic acid (FA). The co-operation between cations and anions of CFILs was investigated intensively through the variation of the structure of cations and the addition of salts with different anions. 3-(3-chloropropyl)-1-methyl-imidazolium chloride (IL-3) was the most appropriate additive, achieving up to 4.2%, 52.6%, and 58.7% of glucose, LA, and FA yields at 83.5% of cellulose conversion, respectively.
Acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation from different pulp and paper manufacturing process side-streams
Authors: Sandar Sandra , Yang Ming , Turunen Ossi , Vepsäläinen Jouko , Pappinen Ari , Kuittinen Suvi
Published: July 2021

The pulp and paper industry produces a diverse range of side-streams from multi-stage processes, but these remain underutilized despite their high potential for use as biofuels. This study investigated acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 1731 from the side-streams of three different stages of the pulp and paper manufacturing process (PI, PII, and PIII). Biomass specimens with and without water washing were pretreated with 0.2% H2SO4 at 180 °C for 10 min, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis, to obtain fermentable sugars. The results showed that the produced ABE solvent concentrations were 12.8 g/L, 5.2 g/L, and 6.3 g/L from PI, PII, and PIII, respectively. The butanol yields of PI, PII, and PIII were 0.25, 0.18, and 0.19 g/g sugars, respectively. Among the tested side-streams, PI was shown to have potential as a feedstock for butanol production without prewashing prior to dilute acid pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and microbial fermentation.
Sintering behavior of ash from combustion of Jincheng coal and pine sawdust blends
Authors: Jing Nijie , Wang Qinhui , Zhu Hongmei , Liu Yan , Han Long
Published: July 2021

Sintering behaviour of ash specimens from blends of Jincheng (JC) coal and pine sawdust (PS) was investigated using a pressure-drop sintering device combined with scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and FactSage modeling. The sintering temperatures consistently displayed a decreased trend when the PS was added into JC. In addition, the ashing temperature had an important influence on the sintering temperature of ash. The SEM analysis revealed a fine, irregular, and fibrous texture in the ash specimens from the lower ashing temperature. Regular block-shape particles were present in the ash from the higher ashing temperature. The EDS results showed that more Ca and Fe appeared with the increase of ashing temperature and more K and Na appeared, while Ca and Fe decreased with the addition of PS. The XRD analysis revealed that low-temperature minerals melted or co-fused with 10% PS addition into coal, while the high-temperature minerals formed with increased ashing temperature. The FactSage calculation indicated that the alkali and alkali earth metal species mainly existed in the forms of aluminosilicates and silicates. Calcium, magnesium, and potassium played a vital role during the sintering of the blends with PS.
The adsorption mechanism of water-based ink particles onto cellulosic fibers
Authors: Cheng Yun , Zhang Hongjie , Zhang Xue , Zhang Wenhui , Shi Chuanfei , Zhu Rongyao , Jiao Ting , Zhang Haiyan
Published: July 2021

Water-based flexographic-printed ink has attracted much attention due to the reduced emission of volatile organic compounds in the printing process. However, it is difficult to remove water-based ink particles with small particle size and high hydrophilicity because they are easily reabsorbed onto cellulosic fibers during wastepaper recycling. In this paper, the absorption mechanism of water-based ink particles onto fibers was studied by using isotherm models and adsorption dynamic kinetics models at different temperatures. The adsorption process was fitted to the Freundlich isotherm, and the adsorption behavior was spontaneous and exothermic processes with an increase of entropy. It fitted well with the pseudo-second-order rate model, and the equilibrium adsorption amounts at three temperature conditions were 2.55, 2.34, and 2.21 mg/g, respectively. The B value was 9.20 g·mg−1·min−1, and the Ea value was 15.6 kJ·mol−1. The results showed that it was easier to remove the water-based ink particles from cellulosic fibers under shorter contact time and higher operation temperature during wastepaper recycling. It would be helpful to optimize the wastepaper recycling operation and to develop a novel deinking process.
Adaptación de la metodología didáctica a la virtualidad en los cursos de procesamiento técnico de la Escuela de Bibliotecología y Ciencias de la Información de la Universidad de Costa Rica
Authors: Calvo Desiree Rodríguez
Published: July 2021

Este artículo tiene la finalidad de identificar la percepción estudiantil ante la adaptación de la metodología didáctica a la virtualidad en los cursos de procesamiento técnico BI-2001 Catalogación I y BI-3001 Indización, de la Escuela de Bibliotecología y Ciencias de la Información de la Universidad de Costa Rica, durante el I Ciclo lectivo del 2020. Para alcanzar dicho objetivo se realizó una investigación de tipo cuantitativa en la que se aplica un cuestionario en línea para analizar aspectos como el acceso que poseen a las clases virtuales y percepción respecto a las metodologías didácticas aplicadas. Se evidencia que contar con un adecuado acceso a internet es fundamental para continuar con el proceso educativo bajo la modalidad virtual, así como la importancia de adaptar los materiales didácticos y las evaluaciones que tradicionalmente se realizaban de manera presencial, considerando los factores que intervienen en la educación virtual.
Perfil del comportamiento informacional de los estudiantes de pregrado de las Bibliotecas de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Bogotá - Colombia)
Authors: Tinoco Carrillo Alejandro Enrique , Fino-Garzón Diego Mauricio
Published: July 2021

Los estudios de usuarios de información publicados en bibliotecas universitarias han sido escasos en el ámbito colombiano. Este artículo es resultado de un estudio exploratorio de usuarios de información realizado en la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Sede Bogotá) busca generar un acercamiento a los comportamientos y necesidades informacionales de ocho perfiles de usuarios internos y externos de esta comunidad académica, arrojando análisis y reflexiones para establecer una línea base de los comportamientos informacionales en la comunidad universitaria. La estrategia metodológica se basó en un enfoque cualitativo mediante observaciones, entrevistas, grupos focales y user journey maps (mapas de experiencia de usuarios), así como estrategias de análisis desde la teoría fundamentada y la triangulación cualitativa para el estudio del comportamiento informacional. En este estudio se utilizó el muestreo no probabilístico con la participación de 120 personas. Los resultados de este estudio de usuarios de información permiten la transformación e innovación de servicios y programas en las Bibliotecas PUJ, a través de la investigación de usuarios, generando hallazgos clave (insights) para la toma de decisiones estratégicas y funcionales basadas en evidencia bibliotecológica. Específicamente se muestra el perfil de los estudiantes de pregrado identificando discursos, representaciones y prácticas. Esta propuesta base permitió la comprensión de los perfiles de usuarios y el fortalecimiento de habilidades para el diseño de servicios por parte de los colaboradores. Finalmente, se sugiere continuar la realización de estudios del comportamiento informacional autónomos y sistemáticos en la institución.
Análisis confirmatorio de un cuestionario de control y presión al comer en madres de preescolares costarricenses
Authors: Chacón Villalobos Alejandro
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: analizar la validez de la estructura factorial para un cuestionario adaptado a partir del Preschooler Feeding Questionnaire (PFQ) con subescalas asociadas al control y la presión parental al comer. Metodología: se elaboró un cuestionario de 11 reactivos expresados con escalas tipo Likert y agrupados en dos subescalas: Presión Maternal al Comer y Control Maternal al Comer. Se evaluaron 50 madres y posteriormente se realizó un análisis factorial para identificar la estructura factorial subyacente, mediante la evaluación de la confiabilidad con el α de Cronbach, la extracción de componentes principales con una rotación Varimax y la normalización de Kaiser. Luego, se efectuó un análisis confirmatorio de factores con 430 madres. Por medio de la estadística descriptiva se estudiaron las prácticas parentales de «control» y «presión», mientras un modelo SEM valoró la existencia de relaciones causales entre el IMC, el género infantil y dichas prácticas.  Resultados:  se validó una estructura factorial de dos escalas, Control y Presión, compuestas cada una de tres reactivos (x2 = 187,3, df. = 116, x2/df. = 1,62, CFI = 0,998, GFI = 0,991, AGFI = 0,983, NFI = 0,994, IFI = 0,998, and RMSEA = 0,018). No se estableció relación causal alguna entre estos factores con el IMC o el género de los infantes, siendo ambos factores mayores a la media. Conclusión: la adaptación del formulario constituye una herramienta válida y fiable de futura utilidad en el estudio de prácticas nutricionales parentales.
La asimetría entre receptores y donantes como problema sanitario. Exploración de la aceptación o la negativa familiar a la donación de órganos y tejidos
Authors: Augsburger Ana Cecilia , Milano Zunila R. , Lapalma María Alejandra , Brufman Gustavo , Rigalli María Alejandra
Published: July 2021

La investigación tuvo por objetivo indagar los conocimientos, las actitudes y las creencias de familias involucradas en procesos de decisión sobre la donación de órganos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de carácter cualitativo con un diseño de tipo descriptivo e interpretativo. Participaron 14 grupos familiares de potenciales donantes y se elaboró un guion temático para el desarrollo de entrevistas a 10 de ellos que aceptaron y a 4 que rechazaron la donación. De acuerdo con los resultados, las decisiones se vieron facilitadas cuando los parientes contaban con información sobre la voluntad del donante. Quienes se opusieron desconocían la voluntad de los posibles dadores, pues no tenían comunicación específica con respecto del tema. Al interior del círculo familiar, las madres asumieron un papel relevante al momento de consentir. El acto de donar conlleva una visión positiva de generosidad y altruismo, aunque permanecen prejuicios y desconfianza en cuanto a los procedimientos y la transparencia de los profesionales y las instituciones participantes. Las personas entrevistas tuvieron dificultad para precisar la identidad de quien solicitó la donación, con marcado desconocimiento de las instituciones y normas regulatorias. Se concluyó la necesidad de reforzar en la ciudadanía la importancia de la donación de órganos, así como la transparencia y confianza institucional. El diálogo dentro del hogar sobre la voluntad de donar resulta fundamental para la toma de decisiones favorables.