bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intensification of heat and mass transfer and dewatering of thermolabile organic materials
Authors: Liashenko Andrii
Published: September 2021

Ukraine has a high level of industry, agriculture and consumption. As a result of underutilization of recovered materials and their products into the environment returns significant amount of waste that contaminate soil, water, air. Dumps occupy large areas, long ground beneath them put out of production, they pollute the environment. The main causes of waste, lack of effective processes and capacities of processing residues, spatial and chronological dissociation processes of waste and their use, lack of sufficient market.
Of all the organic waste in Ukraine is one of the main places belong chicken droppings. Fresh droppings quickly oxidizes the soil, humus and inhibits microorganisms, disrupting its natural ecosystem biological community. With some preparation and processing of chicken manure is a high quality fertilizer that contains chemical elements (N, P, K), macro- and micronutrients, humic acid and other components that are essential for growth and fertility of different plants.
For decontamination litter widely used thermal drying at t = 600 – 800 °C. This product is well kept dry, easily transported, but using traditional drying facilities for its handling used large amount of heat.
Today continually created and offered new modern technologies for processing chicken manure.
At the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics NAS of Ukraine many years conducted investigations on the creation of modern technologies and equipment for processing organic waste.
Analysis of the traditional intensification methods and processes of heat and mass transfer during drying of materials was presented in the paper. The author has proved the promising nature of the method of the combined processes of drying and dispersion using a mechanical rotor to intensify the process of drying of high–moisture thermolabile materials.
Застосування абсорбційної ІЧ - спектроскопії для виявлення складу димо-повітряної суміші горіння деревини при копченні м’ясних виробів
Authors: Ощипок Ігор Миколайович
Published: September 2021

В статті досліджені перспективи виявлення вмісту димо-повітряних компонентів в повітрі, що утворюються при спалюванні деревини. Розглянуті задачі з детектування слідів газоподібних речовин в локальній зоні повітряного середовища. Дане завдання відноситься до числа найбільш складних завдань газового аналізу, що обумовлюється малими концентраціями шуканих речовин і навпаки, високим вмістом сполук, що перешкоджають аналізу. Звернута увага на інтерпретації ІЧ спектрів, які полягають у тому,  що враховується не тільки положення максимумів характеристичних смуг, але і на їх інтенсивності, формі, розташуванню щодо інших смуг. Про природу і кількість речовини в димо-повітряної суміші можна судити відповідно по числу і положенню піків в ІЧ-спектрах поглинання (якісний аналіз), а за інтенсивністю цих смуг - про кількість речовини (кількісний аналіз). Поліпшення чутливості і селективності методу можливе шляхом підвищення роздільної здатності приладів, а також використання різних прийомів формування та обробки аналізованого сигналу. Одним із прийомів формування аналізованого сигналу є диференційний метод. використовуваний метод повинен бути високочутливим, точним, швидкодіючим і забезпечувати селективність виявлення складових димо-повітряної суміші, і може припускати роботу на деякій відстані. Розглянута ідея методу, яка полягає в одночасному пропусканні через димо-повітряну суміш, що знаходиться в термокамері зондуючого випромінювання на двох довжинах хвиль, перша з яких збігається з максимумом смуги поглинання досліджуваної речовини, а друга так звана опорна до неї довжина хвилі, тобто довжина хвилі близька до зондуючої, але яка не лежить в смузі поглинання. Співвідношення сигналів на виході опорного і вимірювального каналів не залежить від стабільності джерела і приймача випромінювання.
Дослідження мікрохвильового вакуум-випарного модуля безперервної дії
Authors: Сиротюк Ілля Вадимович
Published: September 2021

Проведено аналіз досліджень впливу мікрохвильових технологій на процес випаровування. Виділено основні переваги застосування електромагнітного впливу на сировину при випаровуванні поряд з традиційними технологіями концентрування харчових розчинів.
Висвітлено один з головних недоліків існуючих дослідних стендів випарних апаратів з електромагнітним підведенням енергії, а саме періодичність дії. Визначено основні проблеми, що перешкоджають організації процесу випарювання в безперервному режимі в умовах об'ємного підведення енергії і вакууму.
На основі аналізу цих проблем запропонована конструкція мікрохвильового вакуум-випарного модуля, яка дозволяє забезпечити безперервний режим роботи без порушення герметичності системи і при відсутності витоку мікрохвильового поля протягом усього процесу концентрування.
Головне завдання даної роботи полягала в проведенні експериментальних досліджень розробленого модуля в умовах безперервної роботи. Досліди проводилися на прикладі цукрового розчину.
Концентрації початкової сировини, що поступала до модуля, і готового продукту, що вивантажувався, протягом усього процесу становили 30°brix і 40-42°brix відповідно. Тиск в системі в ході випробувань модуля залишався незмінним і знаходився в межах 0,01 МПа.
На основі отриманих результатів експериментальних досліджень можна стверджувати про працездатність розглянутої конструкції мікрохвильового вакуум-випарного модуля безперервної дії і про можливість проектування і реалізації його напівпромислового зразка.
За допомогою застосування методу компонування таких модулів надається можливість сконструювати багатоступеневу випарну установку, що в свою чергу дозволяє отримати готовий продукт будь-якої кінцевої концентрації сухих речовин без втрати якості. Крім того, подібна конструкція відрізняється достатньою легкістю в обслуговуванні через незалежність кожного модуля.
The stratification maxima of the seasonally varying Surface layer in the Arctic Ocean’s Beaufort Gyre
Authors:   , Roemer Peter A.
Published: September 2021

The Beaufort Gyre region of the Arctic Ocean is strongly stratified at the base of the wintertime mixed layer, which impedes the vertical transport of heat, energy, and other tracers. Ice-Tethered Profiler observations during 2004-2018 were used to characterize and investigate the seasonal and interannual variability of the strength, depth, density, and thickness of this highly stratified layer at the base of the mixed layer. This includes investigating the remnant stratification maximum, which formed when the summer mixed layer shoaled. Seasonally, the stratification maximum was never in a steady state. It was largest in October (4.8 × 10−3 rad2/sec2) and decreased during all winter months (to 2.3 × 10−3rad2/sec2 in June), indicating that surface forcing and interior vertical mixing were never in equilibrium during the year. Interannually, the period from 2011-2018 had a higher stratification maximum than then the period from 2005-2010 regardless of the season. The remnant stratification maximum was consistently weaker than the winter stratification maximum from which it formed. The initial evolution of the remnant stratification maximum is used to estimate an effective vertical diffusivity of order 10−6m2/s. No significant geographic variability was found, in part due to high temporal and small scale variability of the stratification maximum layer. Implications for heat transport through to the sea ice cover are discussed.
¿Cómo fomentar la competencia comunicativa intercultural desde el enfoque por tareas?
Authors: Herrera-Torres Diana Marcela , Pérez-Guerrero Claudia Milena
Published: September 2021

Resumen La didáctica de las lenguas extranjeras ofrece diversas posibilidades para orientar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en el salón de clase que enriquecen el quehacer pedagógico de los profesores de esta área. En la actualidad, una de las más reconocidas e implementadas en el aula es el enfoque por tareas. Este enfoque se caracteriza por romper el paradigma tradicional de la visión estudiante-profesor, ubicando al estudiante en el centro de la actividad pedagógica, y por fomentar el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa. Sin embargo, a pesar de abordar aspectos culturales propios de la adquisición de esta competencia, este enfoque puede soslayar elementos transversales tales como la competencia comunicativa intercultural. A partir de una reflexión sobre la didáctica de las lenguas, este artículo tiene el propósito de difundir una posibilidad didáctica que complementa los principios del enfoque por tareas (Nunan, 2004; Willis, 1996) con las características de la competencia comunicativa intercultural (Byram, 1997; Galindo, Loaiza y Botero, 2013). Este trabajo plantea una revisión teórica alrededor del enfoque por tareas y la competencia comunicativa intercultural que desemboca en la creación de una secuencia didáctica tangible que combina los aportes más importantes de estas dos bases didácticas.
Authority, Violence and Education
Authors: Trevisan Amarildo Luiz
Published: September 2021

Resumo O artigo procura enfocar a relação entre violência e a crise de autoridade no contexto educativo, tendo em vista o ambiente saturado da biopolítica. Procura interpretar a obra da fase final da vida de Sigmund Freud, O homem Moisés e a religião monoteísta como um testemunho contra-hegemônico da biopolítica. A partir de algumas teses defendidas na obra, especialmente a do lugar vago da imagem do pai, estabelece relações com o papel do docente diante do cenário de violência e falta de reconhecimento da sua atuação. Conclui que é necessário desconstruir o panorama que motivou a eclosão da violência original, cabendo, agora, reconstruí-lo na perspectiva hermenêutica. Bem como indica a necessidade de repensar a biopolítica na vida do professor, sempre desafiada a tomar partido por uma autoridade repressiva ou moral.
A EXTERIORIDADE NA PRODUÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO E DO SENTIDO
Authors: Santana Juliana de Castro
Published: September 2021

Resumo Este estudo teórico-analítico, ancorado na Análise de Discurso, reflete sobre o funcionamento da linguagem no que se refere à produção do conhecimento e de sentido(s) sócio-historicamente compartilhados, considerando que não é possível significar o mundo fora da linguagem. Percorre a hipótese de que o funcionamento do corpo, a produção de sentidos e o processo de produção do conhecimento científico se assemelham ao funcionamento da linguagem, porque, de fato, tudo é linguagem. Para tanto, explora a relação entre língua, vazio, silêncio e sentido(s), partindo de um conto de Kafka e da metáfora do vaso e do oleiro, de Heidegger, sem perder de vista o processo de produção do conhecimento e sua relação com a linguagem e os gestos de interpretação. A análise sugere que no cerne da produção do conhecimento não está a essência, o objeto real ou a substância, mas sim o silêncio, o vazio, a barreira e a contradição.
Soiden ennallistamisen suoluonto-, vesistö-, ja ilmastovaikutukset. Vertaisarvioitu raportti.
Authors: Kareksela Santtu , Ojanen Paavo , Aapala Kaisu , Haapalehto Tuomas , Ilmonen Jari , Koskinen Markku , Laiho Raija , Laine Anna , Maanavilja Liisa , Marttila Hannu , Minkkinen Kari , Nieminen Mika , Ronkanen Anna-Kaisa , Sallantaus Tapani , Sarkkola Sakari , Tolvanen Anne , Tuittila Eeva-Stiina , Vasander Harri
Published: September 2021

Tämän selvityksen tarkoituksena on tuottaa kirjallisuuskatsaus ja siihen pohjautuvia johtopäätöksiä soiden ennallistamisen ilmasto-, vesistö- ja suoluontovaikutuksista. Selvitys pyrkii erityisesti kasaamaan yhteen uusimpia tutkimustuloksia ja aineistoja ennallistamisen vaikutuksiin liittyen ja toisaalta muodostamaan kokonaiskuvan laaja-alaisempaa soiden ennallistamisstrategiaa silmällä pitäen. Suoekosysteemit reagoivat kokonai-suutena varsin hyvin perinteisiin ennallistamistoimiin. Ennallistaminen ei kuitenkaan ole ongelmatonta, sillä ennallistamistoimet eli yleensä kaivin- ja metsäkonetyöt sekä ennallistamisen jälkeisen alkuvaiheen voimakkaat ekosysteemin muutokset voivat aiheuttaa yhteiskunnan ja lähiekosysteemien kannalta negatiivisia vaikutuksia, erityisesti ilmastoon ja vesistöihin. Myös yksityiskohtaisten lajistollisten tavoitteiden saavuttaminen voi tämänhetkisillä kustannustehokkailla, mutta melko yksinkertaisilla ja karkeilla ennallistamismenetelmillä olla epätodennäköistä. Tämänhetkiset ennallistamismenetelmät ja -resurssit sekä toiminnallinen kapasiteetti tai yhteiskunnalliset mahdollisuudet huomioiden tarvitaan huolella priorisoitua toimien kohdentamista luonnon monimuotoisuuden kannalta vaikuttavan lopputuloksen aikaansaamiseksi. Rehevimmät suot ovat houkuttelevimpia ennallistamiskohteita, kun otetaan huomioon sekä monimuotoisuus- että ilmastonäkökulmat. Rehevillä soilla piilee kuitenkin riski isompaan ennallistamistoimenpiteiden aiheuttamaan vesistökuormitukseen, joten vesistöriskien tunnistaminen ja tehokas minimointi on tärkeää. Ristiriidoista huolimatta ennallistaminen vaikuttaa kustannustehokkaalta tavalta käynnistää palautuminen kohti luonnontilaista suota.
PEDAGOGO COMO ORIENTADOR DE ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM NA EDUCAÇÃO DISTÂNCIA
Authors: BRAZ FERREIRA GONTIJO SIMONE , Rodrigues de Queiroz Costa Eliziane
Published: September 2021

Este artigo é parte de uma pesquisa de mestrado que discute as atividades desenvolvidas pelo pedagogo em cursos da modalidade Educação a Distância (EaD) no interior de uma equipe multidisciplinar de coordenação pedagógica, a qual desempenha a função de Orientador de Ensino e Aprendizagem (OEA). A função do OEA é acompanhar, orientar e apoiar as atividades docentes. Considerando a centralidade do trabalho pedagógico e a natureza singular e inovadora dessa função na EaD, a pesquisa analisou a percepção do trabalho do OEA no âmbito da coordenação pedagógica dos cursos ofertados por um Instituto Federal a partir da percepção dos profissionais. Foi adotada a pesquisa qualitativa, por meioda realização de um estudo de caso, e os dados foram coletados a partir da entrevista semiestruturada e do grupo focal. Recorreu-se à ferramenta tecnológica Alceste para subsidiar a análise do conteúdo dos dados. Os resultados apontam que existe uma percepção positiva a respeito do trabalho do OEA na equipe multidisciplinar. Porém há insatisfações desse profissional quanto ao papel do pedagogo na EaD, o que implica a limitação do trabalho pedagógico a uma atividade técnica. A insatisfação do OEA se dá, principalmente, pela falta de clareza do papel dele por parte da equipe diretiva da EaD, pela limitação das atividades deste ao nível técnico-operacional, pela percepção de que a gestão almeja um profissional com formação em pedagogia e design instrucional.
PERFORMANCE STUDY OF LiBOB/LiTFSI ELECTROLYTE SALT IN THE ALL-SOLID-STATE LITHIUM-ION BATTERY
Authors: Ratri Christin , Lestariningsih Titik , Sabrina Qolby
Published: September 2021

PERFORMANCE STUDY OF LiBOB/LiTFSI ELECTROLYTE SALT IN THE ALL-SOLIDSTATE LITHIUM-ION BATTERY. Solid polymer electrolyte is developed mainly to provide safer lithiumion battery upon high temperature operation. In this research, we employ LiBOB and LiTFSI electrolyte salt in various concentration to replace commercially used LiPF6 salt. Solution cast method was performed to produce polymer electrolyte membrane. PVdF-HFP was chosen as polymer matrix due to high dielectric constant, and compatibility to wide array of electrode materials as well as electrolyte salts. Higher amount of electrolyte salts contributes to thicker membrane and hence higher current output of the lithium-ion battery half-cells. SEM, FT-IR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry measurement was conducted to evaluate li-ion battery cell performance. Between the two electrolyte salts used in this experiment, LiTFSI salt exhibited better performance compared to LiBOB.
RADIATION SYNTHESIS OF POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) PVA–(POLYVINYL PYRROLIDONE) PVP FOR IMMOBILIZATION OF CAPTOPRIL
Authors: Hariyanti Hariyanti , Erizal Erizal , Yunus M Yasin , Lestari Indah , Rahmadhani Ditri Risska
Published: September 2021

RADIATION SYNTHESIS OF PVA POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL)–PVP (POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE) for IMMOBILIZATION OF CAPTOPRIL. The aim of this work is to prepare Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)- Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) hydrogel with varying irradiation doses and drug dose to be used as a matrix for immobilization and control drug release of captopril. Immobilization and release of captopril in PVA-PVP hydrogel copolymer have been carried out. A mixture of PVA-PVP (6:4 w/w) solution containing captopril (10-20 mg), freeze-thawing, irradiated using gamma rays at various irradiation doses (0-20 kGy). The gel fraction and water absorption were determined gravimetrically. The pores structure of hydrogels were observed using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). The captopril released from hydrogel in NaCl 0.9% solution was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. After evaluated, it was found that with increasing dose up to 20 kGy, the gel fraction increases, and water absorption decreases, and the cumulative drug released decreases. SEM measurement showed that hydrogel had heterogeneous pores. PVA-PVP hydrogel prepared using gamma rays can be considered as a matrix for drug release.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HPMC/HAp/Fe3O4 COMPOSITE FOR HYPERTHERMIA APPLICATION
Authors: Muflikhah Muflikhah , Lubis Wildan Zakiah , Ardiani Irma Septi , Nadiyyah Khoirotun , Sukaryo Sulistioso Giat
Published: September 2021

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HPMC/HAp/Fe3O4 COMPOSITE FOR HYPERTHERMIA APPLICATION. Magnetic material become subject of intense research for hyperthermia application, and injectable magnetic hyperthermia for bone cancer is one of this research interest. In this study, composite of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and Fe3O4 in Hydroxypropyl-methyl cellulose (HPMC) matrix (HPMC/HAp/Fe3O4) has been synthesized in gel form that are expected can be applied for injectable bone substitute (IBS) in hyperthermia therapy. Composites were made using conventional methods by mixing HAp powder with ferrofluid Fe3O4 in HPMC solution. The composition of the composites were varied with the mass comparison of HPMC: HAp: Fe3O4 was 1: 0: 0; 1: 3: 0; 1: 2: 0.5; 1: 1: 0.25; and 1: 0: 3. The physical, chemical, and magnetic properties of the composites were characterized using X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FT-IR), Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The XRD characterization results of the HPMC/HAp/Fe3O4 composite showed the crystalline phase of the constituent components. Saturation magnetization of the HPMC/HAp/Fe3O4 composite was 2.72 emu/g and 1.79 emu/g for the composition of 1: 2: 0.5 and 1:1:0.25 respectively. HPMC/HAp/Fe3O4 composite has superparamagnetic and biocompatible properties, so that can be applied as IBS in hyperthermia therapy for bone cancer.
CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPOSITE CONTAINING LDPE (LOW DENSITY POLY ETHYLENE) AND MODIFIED PINEAPPLE LEAF FIBER
Authors: Wardani Lestari , Noerati Noerati , Sugiyana Doni
Published: September 2021

CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPOSITE CONTAINING LDPE ( LOW DENSITY POLY ETHYLENE) AND MODIFIED PINEAPPLE LEAF FIBER. Pineapple leaf fiber could be used as a reinforcing material in natural fiber composites production with a synthetic polymer matrix. The typical problem in this process was the weak bond between the fiber component and the matrix. This study aimed to improve the bonds strength between pineapple leaf fibers and the polymer matrix of LDPE (Low Density Poly Ethylene) by modifying pineapple leaf fibers. The modification of pineapple leaf fibers was carried out through an enzymatic process using the xylanase enzyme. A modified fiber was then used as a fiber component in the composite using a commercial LDPE plastic matrix. Composites were made by the sandwich method using a hotpress machine at a temperature of 130 °C for 10 minutes. The evaluation of the composites were carried out by testing the tensile strength properties using the Tensolab tool and thermal properties using the TGA (Thermal Gravimetry Analysis) instrument. The results of the mechanical properties test of the composite showed the modified pineapple leaf fiber-based composite had a better tensile strength (34.3 MPa) than the untreated pineapple leaf fiber-based composite (30.2 MPa). The results of the thermal properties test showed the decreasing of the mass occurred at temperature of 300-350 °C due to degradation of the fiber,and it completely degraded at temperature of 450 °C.
Municipal Instruments in Law for Cultural Heritage Protection: A Case Study of the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality
Authors: Steenkamp Rochine Melandri
Published: September 2021

This article questions the extent to which municipal bylaws aimed at cultural heritage resource management (CHRM) reflect the objectives of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution), national legislation and the discourse on cultural governance more broadly. In terms of Schedule 4A of the Constitution, the function of "cultural matters" is not an original power of local government.  It is a function assigned to the national and provincial spheres. Municipalities are assumed, however, to have a responsibility to execute aspects of this function that may be incidental to other typical local government functions. This view finds support in the interpretation of various rights in the Constitution (e.g. sections 15, 30, 31 and 24) as well as the heritage, environmental and local government framework legislation and policy documents of South Africa. The premise of this article is that cultural heritage resource management by way of instruments such as bylaws promotes the overarching objectives of local government, such as sustainable development, while also promoting the rights to culture, language and religion, amongst others. To expand on its theoretical basis, this article provides a critical assessment of the bylaws of the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality
Fiction From a Critical Perspective
Authors: Al-Alami Suhair
Published: September 2021

With English as a lingua franca in mind, it has become essential for undergraduate students to acquire the English language. Additionally, undergraduate students are expected to acquire a repertoire of critical thinking skills for lifelong learning. Inspired by the need to augment mastery of English as a foreign language (EFL) whilst at the same time enhancing critical thinking on the part of EFL learners, the research study this paper portrays was conducted for one academic semester involving a number of students at the institution where the author of this paper works. The research aimed to investigate whether using English novels; novellas; and short stories for teaching purposes would have any significant impacts on subjects’ attitudes towards using literary texts for enhancement of both critical thinking and EFL skills. To achieve the intended aim, the researcher used eight English short stories and one novella in class besides assigning one English novel as extensive reading, while teaching the course Communication Skills during the implementation stage. The researcher also administered a pre-post questionnaire with the aim of measuring subjects’ attitudes towards utilizing novels; novellas; and short stories as a means for fostering both critical thinking and EFL skills. Based on the statistical tests, there were significant differences in favor of the post questionnaire regarding the majority of the questionnaire’s items. Based on this study, it can be concluded that English novels; novellas; and short stories have a significant role to play in relation to developing critical thinking and EFL skills.
The Application of NLTK Library for Python Natural Language Processing in Corpus Research
Authors: Wang Meng , Hu Fanghui
Published: September 2021

Corpora play an important role in linguistics research and foreign language teaching. At present, the relevant research on the corpus in China mainly uses WordSmith, Antconc and other retrieval tools. NLTK library, which is based on Python language, can provide more flexible and rich research methods, and it can use unified data standards to avoid the trouble of various data type conversion. At the same time, with the help of Python’s numerous third-party libraries, it can make up for the shortcomings of other tools in syntax analysis, graphic rendering, regular expression retrieval and other aspects. In terms of the main links in corpus research, such as text cleaning, word form restoration, part of speech tagging and text retrieval statistics, this paper takes the US presidential inaugural speech in the corpus as an example to show how to use this tool to process the language data, and introduces the application of Python NLTK library in corpus research.
Nostalgia and Alienation in the Poetry of Arab-American Mahjar Poets (Emigrant Poets): Literary Criticism to Stylistics
Authors: Abushihab Ibrahim Mohammad , Awad Enas Sami , Abushihab Esraa Ibrahim
Published: September 2021

Nostalgia and Alienation are defined as the feeling that one has when he finds himself alone without connection with the people around him. He considers himself as a stranger in the society where he lives. This is due to leaving the people and homelands. This is what happened to Arab- American poets, (Emigrant poets) who leave their homelands and people. The current paper presents Arab- American poets’ longing, deep love, nostalgia and feeling of homesickness for their beloved countries in East. It also shows their adherence and alienation to their homelands by remembering the years and times they lived there. It emphasizes literary criticism of describing, analyzing and evaluating some of Arab- American poems.
Can Word Segmentation and Length of Text Affect L2 Reading? Evidence From Advanced L2 Learners of Chinese and the Three Reading Models
Authors: Chen Ken
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this article is to examine whether the word segmentation and the length of text will promote Chinese as a second language reading, and what the appropriate reading models are best for L2 learners when they processing Chinese language reading tasks. According to the experiment test, the results indicated that the main effects of word segmentation and length of text were not significantly different, and the interaction effect of the two factors was not significant in statistics too for advanced proficiency L2 learners of Chinese. This article concludes by using the approach of word boundary and choosing the useful reading models for teaching Chinese reading in classrooms are the valuable approaches for teachers when they combine other effective ways in L2 education.
Serum adiponectin among different stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors:   Consultant Pathologist, Malladad Rudramma Memorial Hospital, Haveri, Karnataka, India, Basavaraj Dr. Rashmi G S , Malladad Dr. Ravikumar ,   Consultant Physician, Malladad Rudramma Memorial Hospital, Haveri, Karnataka, India
Published: September 2021

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that leads to micro andmacrovascular complications. Nephropathy is the most common microvascular complication. Fordiagnosis of nephropathy in T2DM patients by using urinary albumin, this is not a sensitive andspecific biomarker because it is elevated in other conditions. we aimed to evaluate the serumadiponectin for early detection of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Atotal of 60 subjects were included in the present study and further subdivided into 30 patients T2DMwith normoalbuminuria, 30 patients with microalbuminuria. All the patients were included afterobtaining institutional ethical permission and consent forms. Blood and urine samples were collectedfrom all the subjects and proceed with further analysis. Appropriate statistical analyses were usedfor different types of data analysis. Results: Increased levels of FBS, PPBS, HbA1C and serumadiponectin were observed in two groups of T2DM patients. Statistically elevated levels of serumUrea, Creatinine and Uric acid levels were observed in patients T2DM with microalbuminuria whencompared to T2DM with normoalbuminuria. The serum adiponectin was positively correlated withFBS, PPBS, HbA1C, Urea, Creatinine, Uric Acid and Urinary Albumin in patients with two groups ofT2DM. Conclusion: This study concluded that measuring the serum adiponectin levels may beuseful for the early detection of nephropathy in patients with T2DM.
The Method of Operational Planning of Group Actions of Aircraft in the "Air Taxi" Mode
Authors: Lebedev G. N. , Goncharenko V. I. , Maximov N. A. , Mikhailin D. A. , Rumakina A. V.
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the development of algorithms for operational planning of routes for a group of aircraft (AC). We consider group actions of small and unmanned aircraft in the "air taxi" mode, when there is no regular flight schedule between the points of destination, and requests are received "on call" for flights to points whose composition is unknown in advance and is of a random nature. The multicriteria task of planning a group flight in the "air taxi" mode is being solved. The solution to this problem is proposed using the apparatus of the queuing theory, according to which the system under consideration belongs to the class of multichannel queuing systems with waiting. A method for solving the problem of operational planning of aircraft actions is proposed. An algorithm for group target distribution of new claims between aircraft is developed on the basis of a modified minimax criterion for assigning the nearest aircraft for an object with a maximum service time. The developed algorithm is based on the following four main operations: in the first operation, priority unserved targets are selected according to the criterion of assigning a dynamic priority; in the second operation, the formed list is ranked according to another criterion, taking into account the importance and total distance of each ground object from the aircraft group, in three this operation selects the object with the maximum rank, and for it the task of assigning "own" aircraft is solved according to the third criterion of maximum proximity, in the fourth operation the conditions of non-intersection of the group flight routes are checked. A computer model of the system for servicing requests in the air taxi mode has been developed. The developed model makes it possible to analyze various scheduling algorithms, as well as to determine at each step the number of free claims and the number of free and busy aircraft. A comparison is made between the well-known in the theory of queuing and the proposed minimax approaches. It is shown that, in comparison with the known variants of scheduling in the queuing theory, on the basis of the proposed approach, the optimal number of used aircraft is achieved.
Subjective well-being in men and women during the COVID-19 lockdown: A structural model
Authors: Mota González Cecilia , Calleja Nazira , Sánchez Bravo Claudia , Gómez López María Eugenia , Carreño Meléndez Jorge
Published: September 2021

Introduction. As a measure for controlling COVID-19, lockdown has had a psychological impact on people. Since subjective well-being (SW) has been positively associated with mental health, the identification of its predictors in this context will enable it to be strengthened. Objective. To generate and test explanatory models for SW in men and women under lockdown due to the pandemic. Method. Four thousand seven hundred and seventy-one inhabitants of Mexico, with paid employment, under lockdown, answered a set of instruments via the Internet that evaluated positive and negative psychological factors in addition to SW. Based on correlation and multiple regression analysis, models were proposed for men and women, which were tested by path analysis. Results. Both models successfully fit the data and explained a high proportion of the SW variance. Spiritual strength was the best predictor, mainly for women, while the capacity for enjoyment was central to the models, mediating the effect of empathy and depression. Discussion and conclusion. SW is significantly predicted by the factors studied, especially spiritual strength and capacity for enjoyment, which seem to provide men and women with fortitude and meaning of life in adverse circumstances such as today’s.
Culture of interethnic relations in the structure of humanitarian education
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Levcheniuk Y. V.
Published: September 2021

Goal. To carry out socio-philosophical conceptualization of the phenomenon of culture of interethnic relations as a factor of interaction between representatives of different cultures and nationalities. Today, culture is one of the identifiers in the modern world, which determines the originality and uniqueness of nations and ethnic groups. Theoretical basis. The authors proved that the culture of interethnic relations is a direct dialogue between representatives of different nationalities, which allows the existence and development of national culture in modern society (mass, virtual, global, information) and so on. It is substantiated that the main condition and consequence of the interaction of representatives of different nationalities and ethnic groups is the recognition of their originality and uniqueness, at the same time there is a formation of global identity, i.e. there is an awareness of the need to live together. Scientific novelty. It is substantiated that at the present stage of development, society is in a state of radical large-scale, systemic transformations. Humankind needs to learn the culture of interethnic relations, as modern migration flows change the cultural picture around the world, in particular in the United States and Western Europe. The culture of "aging" Europe is changing significantly under the pressure of migratory flows, which assert their own culture and religion. Conclusions. The beginning of the XXI century characterized by the development of post-globalization, which simultaneously affirms the global and national identity. Humankind recognizes the fact that political and economic factors are secondary to culture and religion, which are the main identifiers of nations and ethnic groups. It is culture that accumulates in itself the necessary, stable set of symbols, which both at the individual and collective level are the defining features of ethnic groups, nations, states. The nation or the state which is able to answer affirmatively the question "who are we?" is successful and strong at the geopolitical level.
Intensificación productiva y pérdida de ruralidad, en el origen de la merma de conocimiento natural: el ejemplo del ganadero de la Comarca de San Sebastián / Productive intensification and loss of rurality, at the origin of the decrease of natural knowledge: the example of the cattle rancher in the San Sebastián region
Authors: Alberdi Collantes Juan Cruz
Published: September 2021

En este artículo analizamos las consecuencias que un modelo agrario centrado más en la productividad del ganado que en las posibilidades agrológicas de la explotación tiene en la adquisición de saberes naturales por parte del agricultor, tomando cono muestra una región en la que estas variables son evidentes, la comarca de San Sebastián (Guipúzcoa). El artículo viene precedido de una investigación que analiza el papel del espacio en la construcción de saberes locales por parte del ganadero y que se centra en la región francesa de los Pirineos Occidentales, caracterizada por el dominio de una explotación apoyada en las posibilidades agrológicas de sus parcelas y por ser un espacio claramente rural. La comparación de los resultados aportados entre ambas regiones demuestra una pérdida y simplificación de los saberes de los agricultores de San Sebastián y dejan entrever que la apuesta por modelos productivistas junto a la pérdida de ruralidad de un medio próximo al entorno urbano desliga al agricultor cada vez más de su entorno natural.
To the physiology of the nervous retarding apparatus of the heart
Authors: Ivanov V. F.
Published: September 2021

Since the nervous physiology of the heart is still not fully developed until now and the replenishment of the existing information in this area is far from superfluous, we gladly accepted the proposal of the highly respected Professor Dimitriy Vladimirovich Polumordvinov to study the functioning of the nervous heart apparatus from the side of his delaying heart. Our immediate task was to find out whether each of the vagus nerves has its own independent retarding apparatus in the heart, or both end in one.
Morphology of the nervous apparatus of the heart
Authors: Mikhailov S.
Published: September 2021

(End) (3) Experimental studies on vagotomized dogs
Klett Graphic depiction of movements of the frontal muscles. Die graphische Darstellung der Stirnmuskelbewegungen. Klinik. f. psych. u. nerv. Krankh. v. R. Sommer. B. V. H. 3. s. 232
Authors: Averbuch R.
Published: September 2021

Discussing the issue of graphic depiction of the movement of the frontal muscles, the author describes the Sommer apparatus modified by him, with the help of which the movement processes on the forehead, their speed, as well as the relative participation in the movement of both frontal muscles - frontalis and corrugator, are graphically depicted.
Steinbrecher. Differential diagnosis hydrocephali interni. Zur Differentialdiagnoslik des Hydrocephalus internus. Klinik. f. psych. u. nerv. Kranch. v. R. Sommer. B. V. H. 3. S. 216
Authors: Averbuch R.
Published: September 2021

Pointing to the difficulty of diagnosing hydrocephalic processes, when they are not accompanied by characteristic changes in the skull, the author informs about the history of the illness of 47 years old patient sent to the clinic with the diagnosis of hysteria. When examining the patient, atactic disorders were found, both of the limbs and the muscles of the body. The knee reflex on the right was very weak, on the left it was absent. The mental state of the patient, except for severe drowsiness, was characterized by disorientation, disorientation of apperception, manifestations of perseverance and amnesia. The patient complained of headaches. Vomiting was observed.
Dr. med. V. Dzerzhinskiy. Clinical observation in the field of neuropathology. Moscow. 1912 V. I.
Authors: Favorskii A.
Published: September 2021

In view of giving clinical material for the study of various forms of chorea, poliomyelitis and polyoncephalitis, the author used for this purpose the clinical histories of diseases of the Moscow Clinic of Nervous Diseases (director - prof. V. K. Rot). The entire work is divided into 7 chapters and contains in a short form 35 histories of diseases. In each chapter, the literature of the corresponding painful form is first given, and then its cases are described. Among them there are such not often encountered cases, such as syphilitic poliomyelitis and poliomyelitis on the soil of smallpox. In general, the work is of a lot of special interest for a neuropathologist and, together with it, introduces the direction of scientific thought, which has a place in the Moscow Nervous Clinic. With all the merits of the published work, one cannot remain silent about some of its shortcomings, in our opinion, one can reproach the author for his desire to give a short history of illness. In the study of clinical forms, brevity can quickly interfere with the understanding of the process underlying a particular nosological unit. For example, we will point to the observations of the XI and XV-e. It is not clear to the reader whether the attention of the study was drawn to the existence of pain in patients with pressure on the nerve trunks or nerves, but between the two this in our eyes may have a meaning for the purity of the diagnosis. It is unclear, further, why the author does not provide data on lumbar puncture and Wassermann's reaction in the cases where this could have been done (obs. XV). In the cases cited from the literature, the same excessive brevity is visible. So on p. 183 it says about anesthesia I and II in n. trigemini, but which side? Further, it is hardly advisable to use such expressions: (p. 58) degeneration of the posterior pillars from the lower back (?) To the cerebellum, or (p. 89): with tabes, not only the motor cells of the spinal cord, but also in the legs brain ". It would be desirable to avoid the term so-called. muscle sensitivity where there is a rumor about "muscle feelings".
On April 18, s. The following reports were heard: 1) I. A. Golyanitskago) on the topic: "Experiments with tissue cultures"; 2) E. R. Shnitkind: "Some bizarre movements"
Authors: Sukhov A. A.
Published: September 2021

Dr. Golyanitskiy in his experimental research studied the conditions of acceleration and deceleration of the process of regeneration of cell elements; in addition, at the suggestion of prof. S. S. Chirvinsky, Dr. Golyanitsky studied the influence on the growth of cellular elements of some organogenic preparations.
How to consider the celiac nerves, confused or exclusively inhibitory, for the movements of the small intestines
Authors: Leman A.
Published: September 2021

The question of whether the celiac nerves are exclusively inhibitory for the movements of thin whales or they also have an exciting action, that is, the ability to cause or enhance movements, must be considered as yet completely unresolved. Some authors, dealing with this issue, came to the conclusion that exclusively inhibitory function is inherent in the celiac nerve, while others believe that, as far as their influence on intestinal activity is concerned, they are not exclusively inhibitory, but they also recognize motor function. The question is, on whose side is the truth?
From the Physics and Medicine Society in Moscow
Authors: Sukhov A. A.
Published: September 2021

5. November p. under the chairmanship of Prof. DN Zernov, the next meeting of the Society took place.
Experience in treatment of diaphragm hernias
Authors: Zubarev Petr N. , Khokhlov Aleksey V. , Onnitsev Igor E. , Trofimov Vladislav M. , Belevich Valeriy L. , Muzharovskiy Anton L.
Published: September 2021

Hernias of the diaphragm are a common pathology that negatively affects the quality of life of patients and in some cases requires high-quality surgical correction. This pathology has a progressive course, which leads to an increase in the severity of clinical manifestations with the age of the patient. The article presents the experience of surgical treatment of hernias of the diaphragm on the basis of general surgery clinics of the military medical academy. The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of surgical treatment of hernias of the diaphragm in different categories of patients. The total number of treated patients was 216. All patients were operated on. Thirty-four patients underwent a sympultal laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The operation used laparoscopic access. The closest excellent and good results of clinical treatment occurred in 92% of cases, satisfactory and unsatisfactory results accounted for 5.4 and 2.7%, respectively. According to the results of the instrumental survey, 40.6 and 54%, respectively, achieved excellent and good results; Satisfactory and unsatisfactory 2.7 and 2.7%. The introduction of laparoscopic techniques in surgery has reduced the number of early and late post-operative complications in the treatment of hernias of the diaphragm. The recommendations of the American Association of Endoscopic Surgeons for the operational treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease shows the positive effect of laparoscopic fundoplications in 8593% of patients whose medicinal therapy has proved ineffective. In general, the results of the immediate and long-term outcomes of the surgical treatment of hernias of the diaphragm at the General Surgery Clinic of Military Medical Academy showed similar results (8 figs, bibliography: 16 refs).
Endoscopic techniques and their effectiveness in the treatment of the boerhaave´s syndrome (clinical observation)
Authors: Zubarev Petr N. , Dzidzava Ilya I. , Belevich Valeriy L. , Brednev Anton O. , Popov Vladimir A.
Published: September 2021

Minimally invasive endoscopic methods are gradually being introduced in all areas of medicine. Esophageal surgery is no exception. Recently, endoscopic clipping of the mucous membrane for fresh ruptures, stenting of the esophagus and Vacuum Assisted Closure have been used in the treatment of injuries of the esophagus when radical surgery is impossible and purulent complications develop. As the techniques were mastered, they were introduced into the clinic. This article presents a clinical observation of the treatment of a 56-year-old patient with a spontaneous rupture of the esophagus (Boerhaave΄s syndrome), who at certain stages of treatment used certain endoscopic techniques that allowed to stabilize the patient in the early stages of treatment and preserve the esophagus and its functionality in the future. The duration of the patient΄s treatment in the clinic was 45 days. Subsequent follow-up examinations did not reveal any abnormalities in the patient΄s health that required surgical correction. This observation allowed us to look at the problem of treating this group of patients from a different angle and form new algorithms for treating patients using minimally invasive methods (6 figs, bibliography: 10 refs).
Minimally invasive surgical interventions in the treatment and prevention of bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus and stomach
Authors: Kotiv Bogdan N. , Dzidzava Ilya I. , Alentyev Sergey A. , Zubarev Petr N. , Onnicev Igor E. , Khokhlov Aleksey V. , Muzharovskiy Anton L. , Yankovskiy Alexandr
Published: September 2021

Treatment and prevention of complications of portal hypertension today is a complex and unsolved problem of hepatosurgery. Mortality from esophageal-gastric bleeding (ESH) of portal genesis ranges from 22 to 100%. The aim of the study is to improve the results of the treatment and prevention of digestive haemorrhage in portal hypertension by optimize using of miniinvasive interventions. A retrospective analysis of the treatment results of 128 patients with cirrhosis of the liver, in which the predominant complication of portal hypertension resulted in bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus and the stomach, and a high risk of its occurrence or recidivism have been carried out. Gastric laparoscopic devascularization with endoscopic ligation reduces the lethality from esophageal-gastric bleeding, compared to only ligation, for six months after the operation by 21.8% (2 = 2.61; p = 0.106), 25.5% within a year (2 = 2.75; p = 0.091), for two years after the 25.4% operation (2 = 1.47; p = 0.225), for three years 25.5% (2 = 0.43; p = 0.051). There is a statistically reliable lack of differences in the groups of patients after the traditional and endovideoxyric operations of the portocal bypass in terms of the reduction of the degree of VDEV (84.3 and 86.7%), which indicates the equivalent effect of the performed operations. A comparative study of selective portocaval anastomoses and TIPS found no reliable difference in the frequency of recurrent bleeding. Post-shunt encephalopathy, thrombosis, and stenosis of the shunt were more common in the transjugular intrahepatic portosistame shunt (p 0.001), and survival in the group of surgical anastomosis was superior to that of TIPS. The above data indicate that the use of endoscopic, endovascular, endovision and endovision surgery, extracorporeal miniinvasive techniques is an integral part of the complex surgical treatment of patients with portal hypertension. Miniinvasive surgical treatments are required depending on the current clinical situation and the degree of liver-cell failure. Flexible and selective tactics make it possible to improve the results of treatment of patients with cirrhosis of the liver, complicated by portal hypertension (6 figs, bibliography: 14 refs).