bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TECHNICAL MODELING IN DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SCHOOLCHILDREN
Authors: Vasenko V.
Published: July 2021

The article considers the possibilities of purposeful influence on the development of schoolchildren creative potential, their involvement in various activities, self practical work in the field of education “Technology”. They can be effectively implemented through the use of modern pedagogical and technological systems, which are based on the principles of design and technological activities, which provides simultaneous development, training and education of students by involving them in active creative work.

It is established that the creative process is characterized by the unity of theoretical knowledge and practical experience and the theory is tested in practice, but in practice the issues appear that require a theoretical solution. For technical creative activity the theoretical preparation of schoolboys consists in providing them with a system of knowledge, methods and ways of designing, receptions of the decision of creative problems and technical knowledge. Experience of practical work appears on the basis of the formation of skills and abilities to work with instruments and perform technological operations.

It is described that the continuity of this process in creative activity is of great importance, and the episodic nature is ineffective. The education of constant interest in creative work is carried out continuously, systematically during all years of schooling by creative activities. The effectiveness of creative work has a significant impact on the education of creative personality traits. The result is that the student has more opportunities to implement in their intellectual and practical activities the necessary corrections to the concepts and images of technical objects and processes, which result in fundamentally new solutions. 

It is shown that project-technological activity as the main didactic unit promotes: formation of skills, creative system thinking, technological culture and ethics, strengthening of imagination. It is a powerful stimulus for the emergence of new creative ideas in students, the search for alternative solutions, their analysis and synthesis, and in the future provides a basis for innovative thinking and action. Implementation of personality-oriented paradigm of labor training of students; ensures the unity of education and upbringing of students, preparing them for professional self-determination, the desire for self-education.

It is proved that the lessons of technical work open wide opportunities for improving the creativity of students. The use of methods of teaching students technical modeling in the process of organizing design and technological activities in the lessons of labor training contributes to this. It is important for the teacher to make the most of all opportunities for the formation of a technologically advanced personality, the level of development of which is not possible without proper creative abilities obtained in technical modeling in the process of organizing design and technological activities of students.
Wsparcie inwestycji przywracających potencjał produkcji rolnej w ramach Programu Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich 2014-2020 (rozwiązania prawne i praktyka)
Authors: Kazimierczuk Marcin
Published: July 2021

Artykuł koncentruje się na analizie rozwiązań normatywnych zawartych w Programie Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich 2014-2020 odnośnie instrumentu pomocy o nazwie „Inwestycje odtwarzające potencjał produkcji rolnej”. Celem artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie czy i w jakim stopniu wymieniona forma wsparcia chroni producenta rolnego i zapewnia trwałość jego gospodarowania. Zgodnie z założeniami to działanie ma promować środki naprawcze, które służą ograniczeniu skutków prawdopodobnych klęsk żywiołowych, niekorzystnych zjawisk klimatycznych i katastrof. Przyczynę słabego wykorzystania przysługujących w ramach tego działania środków stanowi warunek spełnienia jednocześnie dwóch przesłanek do otrzymania pomocy, czyli szkody co najmniej 30% średniej rocznej produkcji rolnej oraz zniszczenia trwałego składnika gospodarstwa. Narzędzie to nie wpływa w znaczący sposób na ochronę warsztatu producentów rolnych i wymaga zmian legislacyjnych. Na podstawie analizy materiału badawczego przedstawione zostały wnioski końcowe wskazujące na ewentualne zmiany, które należy wdrożyć projektując założenia przyszłej perspektywy finansowej Unii Europejskiej na lata 2021-2027.
Rozpoczęcie biegu terminu przedawnienia roszczenia z art. 299 § 1 Kodeksu spółek handlowych w kontekście zachowania przez wierzyciela należytej staranności w dochodzeniu roszczeń
Authors: Nowakowska Anna
Published: July 2021

Prawidłowe oznaczenie rozpoczęcia biegu terminu przedawnienia roszczeń wierzyciela spółki przeciwko członkom jej zarządu ma doniosłe znaczenie praktyczne. Na podstawie art. 299 § 1 k.s.h. w zw. z art. 4421 § 1 k.c., może to nastąpić w oderwaniu od rzeczywistego momentu powzięcia przez niego wiedzy o bezskuteczności egzekucji wobec spółki. Celem niniejszego artykułu była analiza bezczynności lub zwłoki wierzyciela spółki z o.o. w dochodzeniu roszczeń z perspektywy dochowania należytej staranności, a także przedstawienie podstawowego modelu należytej staranności, który może znaleźć zastosowanie przy ocenie działań poszkodowanego wierzyciela i obliczaniu początku terminu przedawnienia jego roszczeń. Przeprowadzone rozważania pozwoliły na wyciągnięcie wniosku, że  negatywnymi następstwami zaniechania wierzyciela są zwolnienie członka zarządu z odpowiedzialności na podstawie art. 299 k.s.h. (w przypadku, gdy wierzyciel nie podjął w odpowiednim czasie egzekucji przeciwko spółce, choć egzekucja była możliwa) oraz rozpoczęcie biegu terminu przedawnienia w dacie wcześniejszej niż moment faktycznego uzyskania informacji o bezskuteczności egzekucji wobec spółki.
Kilka refleksji w kwestii prawa pracodawcy do zawieszenia wykonywania działalności gospodarczej
Authors: Wiśniewski Janusz
Published: July 2021

Analiza zagadnienia prawa pracodawcy do zawieszenia wykonywania działalności gospodarczej, uwzględnia aktualny stan prawny wyznaczony ustawą z dnia 6 marca 2018 r. Prawo przedsiębiorców. Problematyka ta dotychczas w literaturze zarówno prawa pracy jak i prawa gospodarczego nie była przedmiotem bliższej analizy. Stąd celowym wydawało się podjęcie próby odpowiedzi na pytanie, w jakim zakresie mechanizmy wkodowane w tę regulację umożliwiają racjonalne korzystanie przez pracodawcę z instytucji zawieszenia wykonywania działalności gospodarczej. Z poczynionych rozważań wynika, iż art. 22 ustawy Prawo przedsiębiorców nie ma przymiotu przepisu kompletnego, zatem uzasadnionym de lege lata wydaje się stanowisko, że w sprawach w nim nieuregulowanych, odnoszących się zwłaszcza do praw i obowiązków pracownika i pracodawcy w przypadku zakończenia korzystania z urlopów związanych z rodzicielstwem.  Czy też złożenia przez pracownika wniosku dotyczącego łączenia korzystania z urlopu rodzicielskiego i urlopu wychowawczego z wykonywaniem  pracy u pracodawcy udzielającego tego urlopu – stosuje się przepisy Kodeksu pracy, regulujące problematykę urlopów związanych z rodzicielstwem. Przyjęcie odmiennej opcji interpretacyjnej powodowałoby, iż ogólnikowość art. 22 ustawy Prawo przedsiębiorców  mogłaby się okazać istotnym czynnikiem dysfunkcjonalnym w praktycznym stosowaniu instytucji „zawieszenia”.  W moim przekonaniu naruszona zostałaby również zasada równego traktowania pracodawców.
Zasadnym wydaje się także zwrócenie uwagi na zakres podmiotowy art. 22 ust. 2 ustawy Prawo przedsiębiorców. Ze swej strony  prezentuję zdanie, że przepis ten w sferze podmiotowej, odnosi się w zasadzie do pracodawców, którzy w świetle art. 7 ust. 1 zdanie drugie komentowanej ustawy, mają status mikroprzedsiębiorcy.   Należy jednocześnie podkreślić, że instytucja „zawieszenia”  służy bezpośrednio interesom pracodawcy, chociaż ma też wkodowane mechanizmy ochrony interesów pracownika. Ochrona interesów pracownika wynika zwłaszcza z art. 22 ust. 2 zdanie 2 ustawy Prawo przedsiębiorców, który stanowi że w przypadku zakończenia korzystania z urlopów lub złożenia przez pracownika wniosku dotyczącego łączenia korzystania z urlopu rodzicielskiego z wykonywaniem pracy u pracodawcy udzielającego tego urlopu, pracownik ma prawo do wynagrodzenia jak za przestój, określonego przepisami prawa pracy, do zakończenia okresu zawieszenia wykonywania działalności gospodarczej.
Kryminalizacja naruszenia ochrony danych osobowych
Authors: Nawacki Maciej
Published: July 2021

Problem zakresu kryminalizacji z art. 107 Ustawy o ochronie danych osobowych ma znaczenie, w sytuacji kiedy przetwarzanie danych osobowych lub zbiorów danych osobowych jest powszechne. Nie jest jasne, w jakim zakresie przepis art. 107 UODO zawiera kryminalizację naruszenia przepisów ogólnego rozporządzenia o ochronie danych. Nadto nałożenie sankcji karnych za naruszenie prawa krajowego ochrony danych osobowych i sankcji administracyjnych nie powinno prowadzić do naruszenia zasady ne bis in idem. Niewątpliwie staranniejsza redakcja art. 107 UODO przyczyniłaby się do uniknięcia wielu wątpliwości związanych z wykładnią tego przepisu. Artykuł dotyczy analizy naruszenia ochrony danych osobowych. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest wykładnia znamion „niedozwolonego” i „nieuprawnionego przetwarzania danych osobowych”. Kluczowe jest ustalenie znaczenia i wzajemnego związku tych terminów oraz naruszenia ochrony danych osobowych. Umiejętne wykorzystanie reguł interpretacyjnych znanych z prawa karnego i prawa administracyjnego pozwala na pociągnięcie przestępców do odpowiedzialności za najpoważniejsze naruszenia zasad przetwarzania danych osobowych. Autor zwraca uwagę na związek między ogólnymi warunkami uprawnień naprawczych, nakładaniem kar administracyjnych, a naruszeniem danych osobowych. Analiza prawna wskazuje, że pojęcie naruszenia danych osobowych determinuje zakres kryminalizacji przestępstwa nielegalnego przetwarzania danych osobowych.
Les réformes des finances publiques au Japon face à la crise contemporaine
Authors: Kimura Takumaro
Published: July 2021

Alors qu’il existe depuis 1947 au Japon une règle d’or budgétaire au niveau législatif, les emprunts dérogatoires de l’État ont été admis continuellement par d’autres législations, au détriment complet de l’équilibre budgétaire. En raison du manque d’effectivité de cette règle, des mesures supplémentaires ont été successivement prises, non seulement pour l’État, mais aussi pour les collectivités territoriales.
Une remise en cause des contraintes européennes par la crise ? Entre capacité d’adaptation et imperfections
Authors: Defline Julien
Published: July 2021

Les contraintes européennes à l’aune de la crise du Covid-19 pourraient être remises en cause, tant concernant le régime des aides d’État que les règles de discipline budgétaire. Pourtant, le droit de l’Union européenne s’est révélé adapté au temps de crise. Si, au regard de l’asphyxie économique que subissent les États, il était urgent d’activer de nouveaux instruments, ces instruments étaient prévus par les textes, qu’il s’agisse de la possibilité d’émettre certaines aides d’État dans des circonstances exceptionnelles ou de suspendre les règles de discipline budgétaire. Toutefois, si la capacité d’adaptation des contraintes européennes est apparue à travers cette crise, certaines imperfections ont également été accentuées participant alors à l’éternelle remise en question des contraintes européennes.
La réaction de la France face à la pandémie de Covid-19 sous l’angle des finances publiques
Authors: Pierucci Christophe
Published: July 2021

La réaction française à la pandémie de Covid-19 a entraîné de considérables baisses de recettes et hausses de dépenses publiques. Faut-il pour autant la réduire à un coût pour les finances publiques ? Si celui-ci est considérable et mérite d’être précisé, la stratégie adoptée s’apparente également à bien des égards à un investissement pour l’avenir.
Le destin du budget de l’Union européenne
Authors: Delon Desmoulin Corinne
Published: July 2021

Enserré dans un cadre normatif de plus en plus étroit, le budget européen semblait prisonnier de son destin alors que le contexte devenait de plus en plus mouvant. Dans cette aporie, la crise sanitaire du printemps 2020 a déverrouillé le processus de réforme.
Le rôle renforcé de la Banque centrale européenne
Authors: Pellet Rémi
Published: July 2021

La Banque centrale européenne (BCE) jouit aujourd’hui de prérogatives élargies par rapport à celles qu’elle détenait lors de sa création et sa politique semble faire consensus politiquement. (1). Mais la BCE est « un colosse au pied d’argile » car l’élargissement considérable de son bilan entrave sa liberté d’action alors que la Banque a échoué à atteindre son objectif principal, la régulation de l’inflation, et a contribué à faire naître une masse monétaire excessive (2). Pour assurer la stabilité de la zone euro, le débat sur le rôle de la BCE ne doit pas s’arrêter à la question de l’annulation des titres de dettes publiques qu’elle détient (3)
Mr. Hulot’s Invisible Gorilla
Authors: Faden Eric , Mitchel Aaron , Murph Alexander , Myers Taylor , Ryan Nathan C.
Published: July 2021

This article examines the work of mid-century French filmmaker Jacques Tati. Tati suggested that his films allow more visual freedom to audiences and that audiences discover new material upon multiple viewings of his films. We review the scholarship on Tati, especially in relation to critic André Bazin’s theories of realism, and then propose another model for understanding Tati’s films: the psychological concept of inattentional blindness. The article then discusses our experiment using eye tracking technology to study how subjects watch Tati’s films versus other types of cinema and also how they re-watch films. Finally, we applied several statistical and mathematical tests to the eye tracking data to understand key differences between Tati’s films and other filmmaking practices.
Film as the Engine for Learning
Authors: Wijnker Winnifred , Tan Ed S. , Bakker Arthur , van Gog Tamara A. J. M. , Drijvers Paul H. M.
Published: July 2021

Film has been used for education ever since educators recognized its powerful potential for learning. But its educational application has been criticized throughout the decades for underuse of the distinctive potential of film: to raise interest. To understand more fully film’s potential for learning, we propose a dynamic model of viewer interest and its underlying cognitive and emotional mechanisms (film’s interest raising mechanisms or FIRM model). In addition, we present an analysis method for assessing the interestingness of films in learning contexts. Our model marries interest theories from cognitive film theory and educational psychology and captures the dynamics of interestingness across a film as depending on a balance between challenge posed and coping potential provided.
Hydrogels as Controlled Drug Delivery System: A Brief Review of Properties Classification and Synthesis
Authors: Shoukat Hina , Noreen Sobia , Asghar Saima
Published: July 2021

Hyrogels are cariers of novel drug delievry system and these polymeric network have ability to hold large amount of water but they do not dissolve in water .These polymeric network may be crosslinked either through chemical or physical crosslinking method. Without changing their three dimensional structure hydrogels undergo the swelling mechanism Hydrogels are used as drug delivery carriers because of their distinctive properties. They have three dimensional configurations and have water soluble cross linked network of polymers .Hydrogels have porous structure and by changing the cross linker concentration we can modify their affinity for water. Because of their unique properties these are used for various medical purposes like cellular immobilization , tissue engineering ,diagnostics and regenerative medicines.
Challenges to Fitness and Coaching During Covid-19
Authors: Anjum Raheela , Burki Maheen Hashim Khan , Jahangir Muhammad Adnan
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 pandemic has halted fast-forwarding activities of the world. Everything has been confined to homes with limited physical activity. The imposition of lockdowns has paralyzed activities and public interaction. Consequently, physical fitness has been disadvantaged compromising public health. Restrictions of COVID-19 also put down coaching and sports. Physical training and interaction between players and coaches are significant to improve players performance. The sports sector affected by pandemics due to the low-level education of the players and coaches and lacking knowledge of modern training programs. Technological illiteracy has also added to the adversity, preventing players from getting effective benefits from online training programs. This study explores the challenges to coaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research also explores a comparison between direct coaching and online training in this regard. The research emphasizes the scope of maintaining physical fitness during pandemics. Findings of the interview conclude that Covid-19 has compromised the coaching and sports performance of athletes, and concepts like distance training remain ineffective due to the purely physical nature of the matter.
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: K.C. Siddhanta , K.C. Shreeyanta , Kunwar Prajjwal , Dhungana Krishna
Published: July 2021

Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome is a rare disease characterized by painful ophthalmoplegia affecting third, fourth, and/or sixth cranial nerve caused by non-specific inflammation in the cavernous sinus or superior orbital fissure of unknown etiology. We presented a 67-year-old female with Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome. She had a right-sided headache and periorbital pain with double vision. Examination showed right-sided ptosis, right-sided trochlear and abducens nerve palsy, and partial right-sided oculomotor nerve palsy with hypoesthesia in the area of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. Magnetic resonance imaging of head and orbit showed altered signal intensity changes in the optic nerve and lateral rectus muscle. After steroid therapy, pain and ptosis were significantly improved in 72 hours. Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome is a diagnosis of exclusion, with clinical presentation, normal investigations, magnetic resonance imaging findings, and response to steroid therapy crucial in making the diagnosis.
Suspicious Case of a Body packer “Mule” in a Low Resource Country: A Case Report
Authors: Rajbhandari Bibek , Shilpakar Olita , Thapa Subash , Singh Sumi
Published: July 2021

Body packing is the process of smuggling illicit drugs in the form of packages concealed within the gastrointestinal tract via ingestion or inserting into body orifices. These individuals are described as “body packers”, “stuffers”, “mules” or “swallowers” and resort to carrying drugs like heroin, cocaine and cannabis. They present to the hospital following the development of complications or brought dead due to the rupture of packets or directly from detention for further investigations. This case illustrates a suspected case detained from the airport who was found to be carrying 93 pellets of an illicit drug, heroin, weighing 900 grams, one of the highest quantity carried by any body packer in the country till date. This case further sheds light on the fact that a meticulous history, detailed clinical examination and radiographic investigations like abdominal radiograph and imaging are the keys to diagnose body packers in a resource limited setting.
Effect of sucrose and glucose on oxidative modification of proteins upon heat stress in Arabidopsis thaliana cat2cat3 knockout mutant
Authors: Buzduga Inna , Tkachuk Tetiana , Panchuk Irina
Published: July 2021

High temperature negatively affects the plants. In particular, under the heat stress he production of reactive oxygen species increases in the plant cell. It leads to the development of oxidative stress. The formation of carbonyl groups in proteins is a marker of oxidative damage of plant cells. Plants have a defense system that consists of soluble carbohydrates such as sucrose and glucose and antioxidant enzymes, including catalase. Carbohydrates have protective mechanisms and can activate different signaling pathways with following changes in gene expression. Despite the data available, information on the effects of sucrose and glucose on the oxidative modification of proteins under heat stress is insufficient. The aim of our work was to study the role of sucrose and glucose for the carbonyl groups content in cat2cat3 knockout plants of A. thaliana under heat stress. We used 7-week-old Arabidopsis thaliana plants of wild-type and knockout cat2cat3 line, which lacks the expression of two catalase genes – cat2 and cat3. Plants were grown under 16-hour light day at a temperature of + 20°C and an illumination of 2.5 kL. Heat treatment was performed on a water bath in glass flasks with 15-20 leaves which were incubated in 1 mm potassium phosphate buffer without carbohydrates and with addition of sucrose or glucose (1% final concentration) during 2 and 4 hours at the +37°C and +44° C. The content of carbonyl groups and total protein was determined photometrically. It has been shown that intact knockout cat2cat3 plants have a higher content of carbonyl groups, which indicates chronic oxidative stress. Addition of exogenous sucrose or glucose to the incubation buffer had a protective effect during 4 hours of stress. Carbonyl groups formation in wild type decreased under the +37ºС and +44ºС, while in the cat2сat3 line only under the moderate (+37ºС) heat stress. In the knockout mutant alternative ways of defense are exhausted under +44ºC.
Polymorphism of the СоІІ gene of honey bees in the western regions of Ukraine
Authors: Cherevatov Oleksandr , Roshka Nadiia
Published: July 2021

Due to active human intervention in natural genetic and population processes, survival and distribution areas of honey bees have been negatively affected. Preservation of the gene pool of aboriginal bees that are well adapted to local environmental conditions is an urgent problem that cannot be solved without the use of molecular methods to monitor the genetic composition of local populations. This type of research requires the use of state-of-the-art approaches based on application of molecular markers. In the molecular taxonomy of insects, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase genes are widely used to identify closely related forms. The peculiarity of mtDNA is that it is maternally inherited, and the mitochondrial molecular markers are not separated by recombination. The СоІІ gene encoding the second subunit of cytochrome oxidase is widely used to descriminate the subspecies of honey bee. Therefore, to assess the distribution of different subspecies / breeds of Apis mellifera in Ukraine, the 5′-region of the СоІІ gene was sequenced and compared for bees from different geographical regions. In the CoII gene, base substitutions were found, which makes it possible to distinguish between honey bees of the Carpathian and Ukrainian steppe breeds, which are widespread in Ukraine. It has been revealed that the distribution of these breeds does not always correspond to the official zoning. The widespread practice in Ukraine of transporting the genetic material of Apis mellifera from different regions leads to uncontrolled hybridization and poses a threat to the preservation of aboriginal breeds of honey bees.
Biochemical indicators of renal functional state under the conditions of bisphenol A administration and low-level laser irradiation
Authors: Borschovetska Vira , Mamiienko Valeriia
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, due to the mass production of plastic products, the question of the negative impact of bisphenol A on the functioning of organs and systems is acute. However, the question of the effect of this xenobiotic on the functional state of the kidneys remains open. Currently, laser irradiation of various powers is intensively used to correct pathologies. However, its biochemical feathers of the impact on biological objects require detailed research. The work is aimed at the study of nephrotoxic effects of bisphenol A under the conditions of irradiation of animals with a diode laser. ВРА was administered per os daily for 3 days at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight, which corresponded with LOAEL dose. Irradiation was performed for 2 min with a low-diode laser λ = 650 nm (50 mW, 1.5 J/cm2 and 12.5 mW/cm2). The functional state of the kidneys was performed based on the determination of urea and creatinine content in urine and serum. The content of primary and secondary products of the LP was determined in the kidneys. It is shown, that the administration of bisphenol A is accompanied by a decrease in urea in serum and urine, an increase in serum creatinine and a decrease in this metabolite in urine, which may indicate impaired renal and hepatic function due to the damage of this organ by contaminants due to induction lipid oxidation. This is expressed by an increase in the content of conjugated diene and TBA-active compounds in the kidneys. At the same time, under the irradiation of animals, the concentration of urea and creatinine in the serum decreases compared with the BPA group, and in the urine, these indicators increase. Such results may indicate the normalization of kidney function due to the corrective action of the laser. Thus, the introduction of BPA is accompanied by the induction of LPS processes, which leads to renal dysfunction, and irradiation of animals has a corrective effect of nephrotoxic effects of BPA.
Сhrysaspis patens and Сh. patens × Сh. campestre (Fabaceae) іn the flora of Ukraine
Authors: Shevera M , Andrik E , Protopopova V
Published: July 2021

Data about distribution of Сhrysaspis patens (Schreb.) Holub (Trifolium patens Schreb.) and Сh. patens × Сh. campestre (Schreb.) Holub (T. patens × T. campestre Schreb.) (Fabaceae Lindl.) in the Ukrainian flora are analyzed. For the first time, according to LE and KW Herbarium materials, in 1990 and 1996, the species, Сh. patens, was noted by Yu. Roskov from the territory of Transcarpathian Region (Zakarpats’ka Oblast’): in the vicinity of the village of Malyi Bereznyi of Velykyi Bereznyі District (1954), and village Lazy (1958) of Uzhgorod Distr., later – between villages Nevytske and Kamianytsa (1970, 1972) of these district of the Region. One specimens from the Malyi Bereznyi (LE) was determined by Yu. Roskov as hybrid: Сh. patens × Сh. campestre. Before 2019 in Checklist and regional flora’s these taxa was not mentioned. Traditionally, the species is considered as part of the sect. Сhrysaspis of genus Chrysaspis Desv. or sect. Chronosemium Seringe subgen. Chronosemium (Seringe) Hossain of the genus Trifolium L. Taxonomically, the species is close to Сh. campestris. The main distinguishing features between these species are: morphological characteristics of vegetative and generative organs, mainly size and form of leaves and parts of flower. Taxonomic citations, morphological characteristics, primary and secondary areas, ecological and coenotic peculiarities of Ch. patens are given. The general area of the species is including Middle Europe, Mediterraneum and Asia minor; at the last years species was noted from the territory of Azerbaĳan, Finland and New Zealand. The species grows on meadow, among shrubs, in wet and rocky places, on pastures, along roadsides and railway tracks, etc. In the South European country Ch. patens is a characteristic species of cl. Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Tuxen 1957. The florogenetic status of the species is discussed, in particular in the Transcarpathia region, as well as in the neighboring Hungary and Slovakia Ch. patens is considered as element of native fraction of the flora. At the northern parts of species distribution range, e.g. in Poland, Germany, etc. the species is a kenophyte. A schematic map of the distribution of the species in the Transcarpathia region is given.
SHAPING ONLINE CULTURE AS THE NEW CULTURAL REALITY: PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTIONS
Authors: Beniuk Olesia , Kyrylenko Kateryna , Stratiuk Victoriia
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the emergence of online culture as a new phenomenon of our time, the development of which was stimulated by the comprehensive approval of the online space as a space of existence of culture in the broad sense of this concept in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic with the reference to the cultural and philosophical ideas of the 20th-century thinkers (on the example of K. Jaspers, J. Ortega y Gasset and W. Benjamin’s ideas) and the 21st-century thinkers (on the example of E. Schmidt, J. Cohen and U. Eco’s ideas). The article outlines the main prerequisites for its rise and argues favouring the concept of “online culture” in its own right. Today, a new cultural phenomenon is being actively formed, which we mean as “online culture”. The impetus for its rapid development was the challenges common to all humanity caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which stimulated the active search for new forms and opportunities for selfrealisation and communication by the world community. Online culture is a voluminous and multi-component phenomenon, and it has every reason to become a characteristic of contemporary culture and a new cultural form. The study uses elements of methods of hermeneutical reading of texts, comparative historical and cultural analysis of texts, as well as the method of participant observation. Conclusions. The study results show that a new stage of cultural development is currently being formed, which the authors of the study called “online culture”. The emergence of such a new cultural reality is closely linked to the online environment and digital forms of representation of cultural products. It is demonstrated that predictive reasoning about its occurrence took place in cultural and philosophical studios of the 20th and the 21st centuries, overcoming pandemic challenges by humanity; its entry becomes the realities of the present. The concept of “online culture” correlates with other cultural phenomena close to it in content and forms of representation, such as “information culture”, “digital culture”, “virtual culture”, etc. Still, it exists independently and denotes a fundamentally different cultural cross-section of the present. Now online culture is in its infancy, but the pace of its formation, inspired by the exponential development of the online space, is swift.
COMMUNICATIVE SPACE OF MODERN MUSEUMS DURING THE PANDEMIC
Authors: Kliuchko Yuliia
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the article is to explore the communicative space of modern museums in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, to outline the main vectors of its development. The research methodology is based on the general scientific principle of objectivity, structural and functional, analytical methods are used during the analysis of the communicative space of museums in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking into account the current state of museums in Ukraine, the main theoretical achievements of the issue are systematized and generalized; it is shown that the topic of the research at the present stage has not yet been comprehensively reflected in the domestic scientific literature. The novelty of the article is to determine the main vectors of the development of the communicative space of foreign and domestic museums during the COVID-19 pandemic, to study the most successful projects of Ukrainian museums in the context of the transformation of the communicative space. Conclusions. The study shows that today the establishment of a sustained and constructive dialogue with its audience is an important result of the museum activities as one of the communication centers in the cultural space. This article demonstrates that there is a rather significant transformation of the museum environment and the museum communicative space, which is manifested in a combination of traditional and innovative directions, the development of adaptation strategies following the modern conditions. It is claimed that for museums the time of the pandemic is the time of mastering new communication channels, the time of pooling resources. Information technologies adjust and supplement the content of the main functions of museum’s activities. Without digital technologies and digital communication, the museum is no longer able to achieve its full potential as a sociocultural and educational institution. The article shows that during the COVID-19 pandemic the Internet communication between Ukrainian museums and their audience has actually become the only way to interact. To attract a new audience, Ukrainian museums are implementing inclusion practices, rebranding, interdisciplinary and inter-museum projects, applying creative approaches to adapt educational programmes to the online format, and significantly increasing the amount of content for children and adolescents.
THE INFLUENCE OF UKRAINIAN FILM POSTERS OF THE 1920s AND 1930s ON CONTEMPORARY GRAPHIC DESIGN
Authors: Budnyk Andrii
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the article is to analyse the influence of the system of compositional techniques and graphics of the All-Ukrainian Photo Cinema Administration Film Poster School and Ukrainafilm on domestic graphic design. Research methodology. The author has applied historical, art history, and comparative analysis. Scientific novelty. Through the similarity matching in the world and Ukrainian design and the study of the use of design schemes, techniques and tools that are permanently used in graphic design, we reason the influence of the Ukrainian Poster School of the 1920s and 1930s on contemporary graphic design practice. Conclusions. Despite a long break for ideological grounds in the functioning and study of Ukrainian graphic design in the middle of the twentieth century, we record a noticeable influence of the means and techniques of Ukrainian poster art on modern trends. These are general compositional techniques: placing a formatted face or figure as a dominant on the entire plane of the image, designing a composition on the principle of a “playing card”, deliberately replacing grounds on the inverted perspective. There are local techniques: concentric circles as a compositional dominant, filling the main character’s glasses with visual elements or font content, and rhythmically repeating visual elements or font groups. The identified similarities can be valuable in the young designers training, taking into account the general development of Ukrainian graphics’ history and its single branch graphic design. It is also possible to use these schemes, techniques and tools in contemporary design education as a methodological basis for teaching poster design, designing, composition, layout and modelling.
The impact of fertilizers on the productivity of white mustard
Authors: Hubenko L. V. , Lyubchich O. Y.
Published: July 2021

Recently, scientists and producers have been paying increasing attention to niche crops that are able to significantly diversify the monocultural oil field of dominance in the crop rotation of sunflower, soybean and rapeseed. In today's climate, one of these crops is mustard, which at the same time, with the ability to form stable yields of seeds and raw materials of good quality, is distinguished by its relative unpretentiousness to external factors. Purpose. Improvement of elements of technology of cultivation and determination of their influence on productivity of mustard white. Methods. The studies involved the use of standardized methods: field – to determine the yield, biometric records and measurements, laboratory – to determine the agrophysical properties of the soil, the content of the basic nutrients in it, to determine the structure of the crop; calculated – evaluation of the economic efficiency of the elements of white mustard growing technology studied; statistical – analysis of variance. The article presents the results of studies to study the effect of different doses of fertilizers, micro fertilizers on seed yields and oil the content in white mustard seeds. Optimal parameters of elements of technology of cultivation of mustard white, which provide maximum yield in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of Ukraine, are established. As a result of the research, it was found that the highest seed yield of white mustard seed (2,58 t/ha) with oil content (43,29 %) was provided by the application of fertilizer with fertilizer at a dose of N45P60K90 and foliar feeding with Tropicel. The significance of the influence of the investigated factors on the crop yield is estimated. It was established that in 2016–2018. factors in terms of the degree of influence on the yield of the white mustard variety Belaya Princess in terms of importance can be arranged as follows: mineral fertilizers – 14.3 %, treatment of crops with micronutrient fertilizer Tropikel – 52.2 %. Cost-effec-tiveness analysis showed that profitability (225 %) and profit (UAH 32158) reached the highest values by growing white mustard using technology that involves the introduction of N45P60K90 and foliar fertilization of Tropikel microfertilizers. Keywords: mustard white, mineral fertilizers, micro fertilizers, yield, seed quality, cost-effectiveness, Tropicel.
The influence of direct sowing methods on the growth and productivity of spring barley in the conditions of the north-eastern part of Ukraine
Authors: Syromyatnikov Yu. N.
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of studies to determine the efficiency of growing spring barley depending on the methods of direct sowing in technology, which is based on the use of combined machines. It is proved that due to the use of a direct sowing seeder, the sections of which consist of modules for local loosening of the soil, in front of the openers of which wavy discs are installed, the grain yield increases on average by 20 % compared to the control. Moving at high speed, the wavy discs loosen relatively narrow soil strips into which the seeds are laid by the openers, this makes it possible to more efficiently retain moisture, which subsequently significantly affects the dynamics of seedlings and the yield level of spring barley grain. The smallest weed infestation of crops was in the case of sowing with a seeder with combined cutting-type working bodies and disc coulter systems with support-press wheels. Weeds were counted after the emergence of barley seedlings. The greatest soil hardness was observed when using a seeder with disc working bodies, the sections of which consist of modules for local loosening of the soil. Statistical processing of the data indicates that depth has the greatest effect on soil hardness, its influence accounted for 96 %. The force of impact on soil hardness of sowing methods was 0.76 %. The density of the soil in the zone of development of the root system of plants in all variants of the experiment did not go beyond the optimum. Before harvesting, the moisture content of the upper soil layers in variants with direct sowing was 3–5 % higher, and the moisture content of the lower layers was less by 1–2 % than in the control (the reliability of the data was determined using Fisher's criterion and was 95 %, and the difference between experimental options was significant). Key words: yield of barley, sowing, method, technologies, seeders, quality, local loosening.
IMPLEMENTASI PARADIGMA POSTMODERNISME DALAM PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM DI INDONESIA SERTA KRITIK TERHADAPNYA
Authors: Saputra Romi
Published: July 2021

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menyingkap paradigma postmodernisme melalui critial legal studies yang secara pasti dan sadar sudah banyak diamalkan oleh negara-negara di dunia tidak terkecuali negara indonesia. Dengan memakai dan mengendarai istilah paradigma baru postmodernisme sangat mempengaruhi alam berfikir bangsa indonesia dalam berhukum. Posmodernisme adalah suatu aliran, pemikiran, dan sikap yang berkaitan dengan kritik teoritikal yang menekankan pada relativitas, anti universalitas, nihilist, kritik terhadap rasionalisme, kritik terhadap universalisme, kritik terhadap fundamentalisme atau sains. Setidaknya ada 2 bentuk karater paradigma postmodernisme yaitu Dekonstruktif dan Relativis. Paradigma ini selanjutnya diimplementasikan untuk menganilisis persosalan sosial, budaya , dan tidak terkecuali persoalan hukum. Hanya saja kemudian indonesia sebagai negara yang bercorak majmemuk berdampak terhadap bangunan hukumnya yang plural yaitu hukum barat, hukum adat dan hukum islam pada saat yang sama berlaku untuk bangsa indonesia. Namun ada beberapa pihak di indonesia yang telah terpengaruh oleh alam berfikir Postmodernisme secara salah kaprah dan tidak selektif kemudian mengimplementasikanya dalam pembaharuan hukum di indonesia. Sehingga menimbulkan persoalan besar dalam berhukum terutama hukum islam, karena postmodernisme dengan corak dan karakter paradigmanya tidak sesuai dengan semangat pembahuran hukum islam karena semangat dan spirit didalamnya sanat bermasalah yaitu sarat dengan sekularisme, pluralisme, dan liberalisme yang dapat merusak kesakralan hukum islam tersebut yang bersandar kepada kemurnian wahyu dari allah SWT. Kata Kunci: Postmodernisme, Pembaharuan Hukum, dan kritik
Comparative analysis of methods for improving the quality of hardened pipe and bar stock for agricultural machinery parts
Authors: Dement'yev V. B , Zasypkin A. D
Published: July 2021

The problem of obtaining a high-quality surface is acute in thermal, chemical-thermal and thermomechanical processing of products of rolling production. But, due to the fact that many metallurgical plants are insufficiently equipped with cleaning tools for these types of processing, the required surface quality of metal products is not ensured. Operations related to the removal of defects in the surface of rolled products employ from 30 to 60% of the workers in rolling shops. The need for cleaning leads to a rupture of the production flow, since the metal must be pre-cooled for inspection and cleaning of defects. As a result, the total cost of cleaning is 2 - 3 times higher than the cost of performing the main technological operations - heating and deformation of the metal. In this regard, the combined methods of hot rolling with simultaneous hardening and elimination of surface defects are of particular interest, which gives significant energy savings and excludes etching operations in solutions of sulfuric and hydrochloric acids. The paper considers new methods for stripping rolled stock before deformation in the high-temperature thermomechanical treatment (HTMT) mode of cylindrical hot-rolled solid and hollow billets with screw compression (SC) deformation, combining, along with a high-performance method of shaping and strengthening of rolled products, environmentally friendly (acid-free) methods of surface cleaning, as well as methods of removing surface layer defects combined with mechanical processing. At the same time, simultaneously with cleaning the surface and increasing the accuracy of rolled products, the structure of the surface layer is formed by the mechanism of phase transformations during thermomechanical processing. The type of fracture changes at low-temperature destruction from brittle to ductile. It should also be noted, that there is the need for further development of such well-proven cleaning methods as blade and waterjet processing, which allow, when cleaning rolled products from any steel grades from scale, to implement the most reliable cleaning system, ensure effective removal of surface and deeper defects, increase yield, reduce energy consumption and fit well into the continuous rolling mill line. According to recent studies, waterjet treatment increases the fatigue life of hollow cylindrical parts by up to 15%.
Applied science and manufacturing: NAMI and VTZ
Authors: Grudskiy YU. G
Published: July 2021

Starting from the 1960s, a number of acute problems appeared in the engine building during the transition to diesel engines of a new generation, the engines with direct fuel injection into the chamber in the piston. The short time allotted in the cycle for mixture formation and combustion, especially for high-speed diesel engines, makes it extremely scrupulous to approach this in order to obtain high and stable technical and economic indicators. One of the many problems is the organization of efficient and uniform gas exchange across the samples to reduce the spread of final indicators during mass production. The article deals with this very problem, specifically - in the case of chill casting of individual heads at the Vladimir Tractor Plant (VTZ) using composite rods of inlet and outlet channels. The method of static blowing of inlet channels developed at Central research and development automobile and engine institute NAMI with a quantitative assessment of the resistance and vortex formation in the cylinder was applied. The gas-dynamic parameters (GP) were checked for the heads that received individual numbers in a statistically significant sample of billets on one test bench several times, sequentially according to the stages of the processing. It is shown schematically how these parameters changed during processing and assembly of the heads. It is important that a high “hereditary” correlation is obtained between the GP of the billets and fully machined and assembled cylinder heads. The manufacturing cost of the latter is incommensurably higher than the castings cost. Therefore, according to the results of the work, in order to reduce the cost of products and increase the level and stability of quality, an important decision was made on the early flaw detection of the GP (after casting) with the subsequent remelting of those blanks that are most likely “genetically, hereditarily” will not provide the declared technical and economic indicators in assembled product. Similar approaches can be used in the organization of production and other goods with high added value of technological operations required after procurement to ensure the quality of final products.
The Impact of Rumors in KSA and its Resolution as Stated in Hadith
Authors: Hamed Othman Fallatah  , Mohd Al’ikhsan Bin Ghazali  , Shehab Ahmad , Nurazmallail Bin Marni
Published: July 2021

The danger of rumor-mongering became familiar since Adam was expelled from AI-Jannah (Paradise). This led the researcher in this study to evaluate the position of people with regards to rumors and its effect on the society. This research adopted the typical approach to investigate the Prophet's traditions on rumors from the nine basic collections of hadith and analyze their texts to bring out the negative religious, social and economic effects of rumors on the individual and society. Also, this research used the questionnaire as one of the quantitative approach tools to attain precise results in the study that was conducted on Saudi Arabia by selecting several random samples to whom the questionnaires were distributed, and feedback was collected. (97%) of the total feedback collected was suitable for analysis. However, the questionnaire contained the aspects such as position of people regarding rumors and effect of rumors on the individual and society religiously, socially and economically. The study concluded that there are few numbers of people who pay attention to spreading every news they hear or read without verification. In the study, the researcher also discussed the religious, social and economic effects of rumors on the individual and society and it became clear that rumors affect the individual religiously, socially and economically at a (very low level). Also, the recommendations including: to conduct a careful and specialist study of this subject, to generalize the teachings of the dangers of rumor mongering in order to curtail it and to establish a specialized body to fight rumormongering.