bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Species richness and distribution of non-volant small mammals along an elevational gradient on a Mediterranean mountain
Authors: Kryštufek Boris , Donev Nataša Režek , Skok Janko
Published: December 2010

We explored the alpha and gamma patterns in species richness of non-volant small mammals on Mt. Snežnik (sea level: 1796 m) on the northern edge of the Mediterranean Basin. A total of 2871 individuals were sampled belonging to 23 different species of rodents and soricomorphs. Two estimates of true species richness (sample-based rarefaction and abundance-based coverage estimator of species richness, ACE) yielded very similar values to empirical data. The empirical number of species varied between 4 and 11 per station in alpha-richness and between 5 and 17 per 200 m elevational interval in gamma-richness. The 95% confidence intervals for ACE overlapped between elevations in both data sets, hence not a single sampling site or elevational interval emerged statistically richest or poorest in the number of species. The two patterns responded to elevation in a very different way but any of the curves was decidedly humped. The mid-domain effect predictions failed to reproduce the pattern of observed or estimated species richness, and hence the ranges were located non-randomly along the elevational gradient. The pattern of distribution and diversity is supposedly generated by the environmental variables correlated to the elevation, which vary in a non-random manner with elevation.
Distribution of sigmodontine rodents in Northwestern Argentina: main gaps in information and new records
Authors: Jayat J. Pablo , Ortiz Pablo E. , Pacheco S. , González R.
Published: December 2010

Many uncertainties remain regarding our knowledge of sigmodontine rodent distributions in Northwestern Argentina. Most of the available information has never been critically evaluated. By reviewing the published literature and overlaying this information with other spatial layers (political, environmental, infrastructure, protected areas, and topographic layers), we identified information gaps and added new localities. The new records were obtained through field surveys, including captures and owl pellet samples. In the literature, we found 561 localities, most of them published in the past decade. These records come mainly from low-altitude areas in Salta province, as well as some higher-altitude belts in Yungas, and strongly associated with roads. Records from protected areas were scarce. Akodon, Calomys, Oligoryzomys, and Phyllotis were recorded for most of the localities. We add 18 new localities for 14 species, including the first records of Akodon dolores in Tucumán province, Necromys lasiurus in Santiago del Estero and Tucumán, and Calomys lepidus in Catamarca. We add records for poorly known species such as Andalgalomys olrogi in the Capital department (Catamarca) and Auliscomys sublimis and Neotomys ebriosus in Cochinoca (Jujuy) and La Poma (Salta). We emphasize the need for more surveys to obtain an adequate knowledge of the distribution of most sigmodontines.
Effects of contrasting habitats on population parameters and diet of Apodemus sylvaticus (Rodentia) in south-western Iceland
Authors: Unnsteinsdottir Ester Rut , Hersteinsson Pall
Published: December 2010

Population parameters, body mass and diet of Apodemus sylvaticus were compared in two nearby study sites in south-western Iceland: open grassland and mixed woodland. Live trapping was conducted at approximately 5 week intervals from September 2004 to October 2005. In addition, mice were caught in snap-traps every month to estimate food composition from stomach contents. Estimated population density was up to 10 times higher in the woodland than in grassland but seasonal dynamics were the same, with peak density in autumn and low density in spring. Apparent monthly survival varied greatly throughout the winter in the grassland, ranging from 39% to 78%, but was stable at around 60% in the woodland. Mice fed predominantly on seeds in all seasons, with an exception during the spring when arthropod larvae were the most common food type. Food varied more by seasons than by habitats, but evidently mice from the woodland were less likely to feed on green material and showed more seasonal fluctuations in seed consumption. During mid-winter, woodland mice of both sexes were heavier than mice in the grassland. To some extent, the observed differences in density, survival, weight and diet could be reflecting differences in habitat quality in the two contrasting habitat types.
New Methodology for pH Measurements in Fuel Ethanol Using Glass Electrode
Authors: Moutinho da Silva Ricardo , Borges Paulo Paschoal , Fraga Isabel Cristina Serta , Stradiotto Nelson Ramos
Published: December 2010

Studies carried out with glass electrode in anhydrous ethanol and ethanol-water solutions for measuring pH values have shown that this parameter depends on the solution composition, the contact time with the solution, the utilized temperature, and the type of electrolyte used. It was also observed that the glass electrode behavior in an acid medium differs from an alkaline medium. These studies provided correction factors for pH values from 2 to 12, allowing the realization of proper measurements of the hydrogen ionic activity in the ethanol-water and anhydrous ethanol solutions. However, these correction factors could not be applied to the fuel ethanol. Alternatively, a new method was developed for the correction of the pH values, which can be applied in hydrous and anhydrous fuel ethanol samples.
Researchers' Perspectives on Collective/Community Co-Authorship in Community-Based Participatory Indigenous Research
Authors: Castleden Heather , Morgan Vanessa Sloan , Neimanis Aelita
Published: December 2010

Ethical tensions exist regarding the value and practice of acknowledging Indigenous contributions in community-based participatory research (CBPR). Semistructured phone interviews with researchers documented their perspectives on authorship in the scholarly dissemination of their community-based participatory Indigenous research. Thematic analysis resulted in four key ideas: (1) current practices regarding methods of acknowledging community contributions; (2) requirements for shared authorship with individual versus collective/community partners; (3) benefits to sharing authorship with collective/community partners; and (4) risks to sharing authorship with collective/community partners. Findings suggest an emerging but inconsistent practice.
Community Research in Other Contexts: Learning from Sustainability Science
Authors: Silka Linda
Published: December 2010

In health research, community-based participatory research (CBPR) has seen remarkable growth as an approach that overcomes many of the ethical concerns raised by traditional approaches. A community of CBPR scholars is now sharing ideas and devising new approaches to collaborative research. Yet, this is occurring in isolation from similar efforts using different nomenclature and occurring outside of health research areas. There is much to be gained by bringing these parallel discussions together. In sustainability science, for example, scholars are struggling with the question of how stakeholders and scientists can coproduce knowledge that offers useful solutions to complex and urgent environmental problems. Like CBPR in health, sustainability science is denigrated for perceived lack of rigor because of its applied problem focus and lack of positivist approach. Approaches to knowledge creation in sustainability science involve “new” ideas such as wicked problems and agent-based modeling, which would be equally applicable to CBPR. Interestingly, sustainability research is motivated less by recognition of the corrosive effects of the inequality of power than from frustration at how limited the impact of research has been, a perspective that might be useful in CBPR, particularly in conjunction with the use of some borrowed tools of sustainability science such as wicked problem analysis and agent-based modeling. Importantly, the example of sustainability science has the potential to keep CBPR from entering into a new orthodoxy of how research should be done.
Ethical Challenges in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Peer Education Among Veterans Service Organizations
Authors: Whittle Jeff , Fletcher Kathlyn E. , Morzinski Jeffrey , Ertl Kristyn , Patterson Leslie , Jensen Wayne , Schapira Marilyn M.
Published: December 2010

Efforts to increase community members' involvement in research may create novel ethical challenges. We describe an ongoing randomized trial of a peer-delivered intervention to encourage hypertension self-management. Community members serving as peer leaders participate in subject recruitment, the informed consent process, and intervention. We describe our experience with several ethical issues that may arise when conducting research in similar settings: (1) coercion of community members, by the community, to participate either as leaders or as study subjects; (2) threats to the privacy of health information; and (3) conflict between peer leaders' roles as community members and study team members.
The Research Ethics Committee is Not the Enemy: Oversight of Community-Based Participatory Research
Authors: Wolf Leslie E.
Published: December 2010

Researchers conducting community-based participatory research (CBPR) often complain about research ethics committee (REC) oversight of their research. RECs may contribute to researchers' frustrations by seemingly focusing on form over substance and by failing to communicate effectively with researchers about their mission and their specific concerns. UCSF CBPR researchers presented their views of the UCSF REC's review of its tobacco use study in “It's Like Tuskegee in Reverse: A Case Study of Ethical Tensions in Institutional Review Board Review of Community-Based Participatory Research.” This article builds on that case study by providing some perspectives from the REC side, identifying how the researchers and the REC came to be at odds, and seeking to bridge the gap between the CBPR and REC worlds. In particular, the article explores the different perspectives on who are human subjects under the federal regulations in CBPR research, who counts as the community, and the purpose of REC oversight. It offers concrete suggestions for improving the relationship between CBPR researchers and RECs.
Self Borrowing in the Music of Bernard Herrmann
Authors: Wrobel William
Published: December 2010

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Decoupled conservatism of Grinnellian and Eltonian niches in an invasive arthropod
Authors: Larson Eric R. , Olden Julian D. , Usio Nisikawa
Published: December 2010

Whether a species niche is conserved or shifts across space and time is a question of heightened interest in ecology and evolution. Considerable scientific inquiry into this topic has used invasive species to evaluate conservatism of the Grinnellian climatic niche while generally neglecting the Eltonian functional niche. By contrast, we report here on the first simultaneous reciprocal comparison of both the Grinnellian and Eltonian niches for the globally invasive signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus between its native (Pacific Northwest of North America) and non‐native ranges (Japan). Using multivariate statistics and the Maxent machine‐learning algorithm, we found strong evidence for a climatic niche shift between geographic regions for P. leniusculus. Pacifastacus leniusculus shifted from warmer temperatures with strong precipitation seasonality in western North America to cooler temperatures with less precipitation seasonality in Japan. However, analysis of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen revealed conservatism of the functional niche of P. leniusculus between multiple lakes in the native and non‐native ranges. We found that trophic position and niche width of P. leniusculus were equivalent between regions, and that niche attributes including reliance on autochthonous or allochthonous energy sources and ontogenetic shifts were comparable regardless of origin. Our finding of functional niche conservatism contrasts with the results of some recent studies evaluating the Grinnellian niche for invasive species, as well as our own climatic niche comparison, and raises the question of whether Grinnellian or Eltonian niches are more prone to shifts or conservatism. We hypothesize that the Grinnellian niche may be more labile than the Eltonian niche in general, but argue that resolving this question will require more reciprocal comparisons of Eltonian niches to keep pace with the recent increase in Grinnellian niche studies.
Occurrence of potentially toxigenic mould species in fresh salads of different kinds of ready-for-use vegetables
Authors: Kocic-Tanackov Suncica , Dimic Gordana , Levic Jelena , Pejin Dusanka , Pejin Jelena , Jajic Igor
Published: December 2010

In the mycological survey of fresh salads of different vegetables, the
collected samples were tested for total counts of moulds with special
attention paid to the presence of potentially toxigenic species. The survey
also included the isolation and the identification of species, as well as the
evaluation of mycotoxin biosynthesis ability of potential producers of
ochratoxin A (OA) and sterigmatocystin (STC). Mould counts ranged from 10.0
to 4.7x102 cfu g-1. The most common moulds found in fresh salads were
Cladosporium (42.89%), Penicillium (25.78%), Aspergillus (14.67%) and
Alternaria (6.89%). C. cladosporioides (40.44%), followed by A. niger
(10.22%), P. aurantiogriseum (7.55%), A. alternata (6.89%) and Fusarium spp.
(3.11%) were the most dominating species. Other species were represented with
2.22% (Eurotium spp.), 1.56% (Botrytis spp.), 0.67% (Phoma spp.), 0.44%
(Geotrichum spp., Mucor spp., Phialophora spp.) and 0.22% (Emericella spp.,
Paecilomyces spp., Trichoderma spp., Xeromyces spp.). Twenty-two of 41
identified mould species were potentially toxigenic, which accounted for
46.18% of the total isolated population. The most frequent were the potential
producers of ochratoxin A (17.77%). Potential producers of moniliformin were
isolated in 3.11% of samples, while producers of fumonisin and STC were found
in 2.67% and 2.44% of samples, respectively. The tested isolates of OA
producers did not demonstrate the ability to biosynthetise this mycotoxins,
but two out of five isolates of A. versicolor were found to biosynthesise STC
in doses of 109.2 ng mL-1 and 56.3 ng mL-1. The obtained results indicate
that such products may threaten human health, considering that isolated
species were potentially toxigenic, while isolates of A. versicolor also
biosynthesised STS.
Effect of glycerol content and pH value of film-forming solution on the functional properties of protein-based edible films
Authors: Nemet Nevena , Soso Vladislava , Lazic Vera
Published: December 2010

The work is concerned with the effects of glycerol content and pH value of
film forming solution on the functional properties of protein-based films.
The films were produced of chicken breast proteins, dissolved under either
acidic (pH 3) or alkaline (pH 11) conditions, with different concentrations
of glycerol (35%, 50% and 65% w/w of protein content). Glycerol content
affected significantly mechanical properties, water vapor permeability,
color at pH 3 and film solubility (p<0.05). The pH value had significant
influence on light transmission, color, transparency and film solubility
(p<0.05). Considering the results of mechanical properties and film
solubility, the obtained films are in the acceptable range for the use as a
packaging material. It was estimated that water vapor permeability, color,
light transmission and transparency need to be improved for the application.
Influence of particle diameter on the colour of ground pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Tepic Aleksandra , Sumic Zdravko , Vukan Mirjana
Published: December 2010

The influence of particle diameter of ground paprika on its colour was
examined in this study. Six samples of industrial ground paprika, from
various phases of milling, and different particle size were purchased from
the factory. Extractable colour (ASTA) and surface colour (L, a
Application of Lattice-Boltzmann method and analysis of fluid flow between two sinusoidal plates
Authors: Markovic Jelena , Lukic Natasa , Jovicevic Dragica
Published: December 2010

This paper is concerned with numerical study of fluid flow through a pair of
corrugated platest. The aim was to observe and understand the behavior of the
flow and vortex formation through channels where the fluid is subjected to a
periodic increase and decrease in cross-section area. The plates modeled for
the study had sinusoidal profiles. A pair of plates with 180? phase shift was
simulated in two-dimensional spaces. The Reynolds number was a function of
the average plate spacing (Havg) and the laminar flow velocity and it was in
the range between 200 and 1000.
The investigation of coagulation activity of natural coagulants extracted from different strains of common bean
Authors: Sciban Marina , Vasic Mirjana , Prodanovic Jelena , Antov Mirjana , Klasnja Mile
Published: December 2010

Coagulation and flocculation by adding chemicals are the methods that are
usually used for removal of water turbidity. This study is concerned with the
coagulation activity of extracts of various strains of bean. The aim was to
ascertain if bean varieties influence coagulation activity. Active components
were extracted from 1 g of ground sample with 100 ml distilled water.
Contents of dry matter and nitrogen were specified in the solid samples, and
the content of soluble nitrogen was determined in the extracts. These data
were used to calculate the efficiency of extraction of nitrogen-containing
compounds. The coagulation activity was assessed by jar test using synthetic
turbid water, of the initial pH 9 and turbidity 35 NTU. The jar test was
carried out by adding different amounts of extracts to model water, and
stirring the content. After sedimentation for 1 h, residual turbidity was
determined by turbidimeter and coagulation activity was calculated. The
increment of organic matter concentration after the coagulation was also
determined. These experiments confirmed that extracts of all investigated
strains of bean could be used successfully as natural coagulants.
Variation of essential oil composition of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (myrtaceae) from the Montengero coastline
Authors: Grbovic Slavenko , Orcic Dejan , Couladis Maria , Jovin Emilija , Bugarin Dusan , Balog Kristina , Mimica-Dukic Neda
Published: December 2010

In the current study the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Eucalyptus
camaldulensis plants collected from five localities of the Montenegro
coastline was analyzed. The oil yield varied from 0.63 % (Kotor) up to 1.59%
(Tivat). The chemical composition of the leaf essential oil was analyzed
using GC-MS technique. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were a major class of
compounds. Among them, dominant compounds were p-cymene (17.38-28.60%),
?-phellandrene (12.35-14.47%) and ?-pinene (0.94-11.48%). The second largest
group was oxygenated monoterpenes with cryptone (4.97-7.25) and
terpinene-4-ol (2.75-4.21%) as predominant. Besides high content of
sesquiterpene alcohol spathulenol (7.83-14.15%) was found. According to the
results obtained E. camaldulensis from Montenegro can be classified in the
chemotype with low 1,8-cineole and high p-cymene and cryptone ratio.
Chromatographic behavior and lipophilicity of s-triazine derivatives on silica gel impregnated with paraffin oil
Authors: Jevric Lidija , Koprivica Gordana , Misljenovic Nevena , Jovanovic Bratislav
Published: December 2010

The chromatographic behavior of four group of s-triazine derivatives (14
compounds) has been studied by TLC on silica gel impregnated with paraffin
oil. Retention mechanism has been determined using the following mobile
phases: water-acetone, water-acetonitrile, water-dioxane,
water-tetrahydrofuran, water-methanol and water-ethanol, by changing the
volume fraction of modifier in the mobile phase. On impregnated silica gel, a
reversed-phase chromatographic process occurs. Good correlation was obtained
between the retention constants, RM 0 (determined by linear extrapolation),
and slope, S, of chromatographic equations. There was also satisfactory
correlation between these retention constants and logP values calculated
using different theoretical methods. The study showed that the retention
constants can be used as a measure of lipophilicity of investigated
compounds.
Reactivity of 17β-hydroxy-17α-substituted androstane derivatives
Authors: Penov-Gasi Katarina , Gakovic Andrea , Ajdukovic Jovana , Djurendic-Brenesel Maja , Djurendic Evgenija , Savic Marina , Sakac Marija
Published: December 2010

The work concerns the reactivity of 17?-hydroxy-17?-substituted androstanes
1-9. Depending on the nature of the 17?-substituent, the presence of the
neighboring 16-oximino group, and the reagent used, these compounds can
undergo retroaddition (10-12) and fragmentation-cyclization (14-16)
reactions.
Utilization of tomato waste as a source of polyphenolic antioxidants
Authors: Savatovic Sladjana , Cetkovic Gordana , Canadanovic-Brunet Jasna , Djilas Sonja
Published: December 2010

This study is concerned with the effects of two extraction procedures (using
ultrasonic bath and high performance homogenizer) on the extraction
efficiency of polyphenolics present in the tomato waste. The isolation of
flavonoid fraction of obtained extracts was performed by solid-phase
extraction. The antioxidant activity of flavonoid fractions was determined
using different spectrophotometric tests, including reducing power and 2,2-
diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assays. The content
of total polyphenolics and flavonoids in extract obtained employing
homogenizer (E2) was higher than in the extract obtained employing ultrasonic
bath (E1), and it was 14.33 mg/g and 7.70 mg/g, respectively. The flavonoid
fraction (EF2) of extract E2 showed higher antioxidant activity than
flavonoid fraction (EF1) of extract E1. The DPPH free radical scavenging
activity of fractions EF1 and EF2, expressed as EC50 value, were 0.78 mg/ml
and 0.45 mg/ml, respectively. The obtained results show that tomato wastes
can be used as an easily accessible source of antioxidant polyphenolics.
Analysis of marketing mix elements of non-wood forest products in central Serbia
Authors: Nedeljkovic Jelena , Keca Ljiljana
Published: December 2010

Demand for high-quality products of biological origin has been increasing, in
accordance with changes in objectives of forest management, which are caused
by socio-economic development. Although non-wood forest products (NW?FPs)
have been collected and used for generations, only in recent decades their
importance has been recognized. The aim of this paper is to analyze marketing
strategies of companies involved in processing and distribution of NWFPs. Due
to the specificity and comprehensiveness of the problem, the various general
and specific methods and techniques, which are used in the study of marketing
elements, have been applied. A?WOT analysis was applied in order to better
interpret results of SWOT analysis. The survey was conducted among small and
medium enterprises dealing with NWFPs in central Serbia. Conducted research
determined the most important final products, prices, types of promotion and
structure of distribution channel.
An optimization of inner structures of the drying chamber of high temperature pneumatic drum drier
Authors: Topic Radivoje , Cupric Nenad , Dedic Aleksandar , Petrovic Aleksandar
Published: December 2010

In this paper an analysis of the influence of parameters of flights from
inner drying chamber structure and drying chamber is given. The influence of
the following parameters on dryer working process is analyzed: number, shape
and width of flights, level of coverage of cross-section drying chamber by
material, rpm and drying chamber diameter. In the analytical expression for
determining the amount of material seized by a curved flight, depending on
the current position of the flight during drum rotation, a new parameter is
introduced, compared to expression for a rectilinear flight. The expanded
analytical expression could be used for optimization.
Effect of different substratum on treated sunflower seed germination
Authors: Mrdja Jelena , Dusanic Nenad , Radic Velimir , Miklic Vladimir
Published: December 2010

Results of the examination of Rimi hybrid seed showed the existence of a
highly significant effect of different substratum on germination energy and
germination. Also, a highly significant influence was detected between
treatments, while the substratum x treatments interaction was significant. On
average, germination energy was the highest on filter paper and it was
90.10%. Also, the germination was the best on filter paper (92.05%). This
value was statistically significantly higher (by 13.60%) with respect to
germination determined in sand and by 4.00% concerning germination determined
in compost.
Interaction hybrid × planting date for oil yield in sunflower
Authors: Balalic Igor , Crnobarac Jovan , Miklic Vladimir
Published: December 2010

The aim of the study was to assess the effects of hybrids and planting dates
as well as their interaction on oil yield in sunflower for three-year
experiment (2005, 2006, 2007). Three sunflower hybrids (Miro, Rimi and
Pobednik) and eight planting dates were included in the experiment. AMMI
(Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction) analysis is one of the
mainly used multiplicative models, which evaluates main effects and also
interaction. The interaction was detected by using AMMI1 biplot. Oil yield
was predominantly influenced by the year of growing (58.9%), then by planting
date (12.9%) and by hybrid (10.7%). All interactions were significant as
well. AMMI ANOVA showed high significance of both IPC1 and IPC2. The
contribution of IPC1 was 77.5%. Hybrids Miro and Pobednik showed no
significant differences in the mean values, which were higher than average.
However, the hybrid Miro showed the highest stability for oil yield. Hybrid
Rimi, with the lowest mean value, was the most unstable for the examined
character. Oil yield was higher in earlier than in later planting dates.
Graphical presentation of AMMI1 in the form of biplot could facilitate the
choice of stable hybrids and planting dates for desired characters in
sunflower.
Influence of mycorrhizal fungi on phytoremediating potential and yield of sunflower in Cd and Pb polluted soils
Authors: Adewole M.B. , Awotoye O.O. , Ohiembor M.O. , Salami A.O.
Published: December 2010

The influence of mycorrhizal fungi in uptake of heavy metals, pollution
response index and yield of sunflower in degraded soils were investigated. It
was a greenhouse experiment with 2 arbuscular mycorrhizae (Glomus mosseae,
Glomus intraradices) and a non-inoculation that served as control. The
treatments were replicated 3 times in a completely randomized design. Each of
the treatment consisted of 30 pots and each pot was filled with 5 kg by
weight of dried top soil. Solutions of lead acetate and cadmium sulphate at
variable levels of: 0, 250, 500, 750, 1000 mg kg-1 and 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 mg
kg-1 respectively were used to pollute the soils. Increase in
pollution-stressed conditions significantly (P<0.05) reduced the infection of
sunflower roots, and the uptake of Pb and Cd in the dry root of sunflower was
also significantly (P<0.05) reduced. Also, arbuscular mycorrhizae enhanced
the root infection of sunflower, increased the pollution tolerance and
consequently increased the yield of sunflower.
Studies on the efficacy of some bacteria and fungi for control of Globodera restochiensis
Authors: Trifonova Zlatka
Published: December 2010

Biocontrol potential of B. thuringiensis var. berliner (Kustom larvo WT-1
ml/pot), var. kurstaki (Kostar 76 LW-1 ml/pot), Saccharopolyspora spinosa
(Treisr 480 EC-1 ml/pot), Fusarium spp. (1; 2; 4 g mycelium/pot) and
Trichoderma spp. (1; 5; 10 g mycelium/pot) against G. rostochiensis on potato
was examined in glasshouse. They were applied to the soil with the planting.
All treatments improved the plant growth and yield of potatoes, being
greatest with Kostar 76 LW. The greatest increase in the yield occurred in
the Oxamyl application (16.6%) followed by Kostar 76 LW or Fusarium spp.
(9.9%), Kustom larvo WT (8.2%) and Trichoderma spp. (6.6%). The percentage of
infected females was from 40.5% to 48.9%, from 29.6% to 49.3% and from 28.1%
to 31.5% when applied fungi Fusarium spp. Trichoderma spp. and bacterial
preparations respectively. The bioagents caused significant inhibitory effect
on multiplication of the nematode. Reproduction rates decreased from 27.7% to
33.3% by bacterial preparations and from 36.0% to 44.4% by both fungi in
comparison with the control.
Comparison of different methods for determination of sodium chloride in cheese
Authors: Rajkovic Milos , Sredovic Ivana , Miloradovic Zorana
Published: December 2010

The content of NaCl (weight fraction of Cl-ions, in %) was analysed in
different cheeses, which were bought in supermarkets, and made by domestic
manufacturers. Sodium chloride in cheese samples was analysed after the
extraction of chloride by nitric acid solution. Concentration of chloride
ions was potentiometricly determined, with the chloride selective electrode
and titrimetricly by Volhard method. According to the results in the analysis
of the content of NaCl in %, by different methods it was determined that the
share of NaCl in % ranged from 0.66 to 4.43% (determined by potentiometric
route) that is from 0.97 to 4.72% (determined by titrimetric route by Volhard
method). The difference in received results in different methods is less if
the share of NaCl, in % is higher than 3%. If the share is less than 3%, the
difference in results rapidly increases, and the biggest difference is when
the share is less than 1%. This analysis was done according to the results
received by Volhard method, which is accepted as a standard method. As
Volhard method is in connection with cheese resolving by intense oxidation
means, azotic acid and potassium permanganate, obligatory in fume board
(hood), it is not a practical method. On the other hand, the potentiometric
method with usage of the chloride-selective electrode is very simple and
gives reliable and reproductive results. In case of a small content of NaCl,
in %, higher precision and accuracy of determination by chloride-selective
electrode can be obtained by indirect measurement of chloride-ions (by
standard addition method).
Economic analysis of wheat production on family farms
Authors: Todorovic Sasa , Filipovic Nikola
Published: December 2010

Serbian agricultural producers are currently facing a large number of
challenges which have a significant influence on their business activities.
Continuous monitoring and evaluation of existing family farms business
activities is the only way to improve their profitability and enhance
competitiveness in such conditions. Bearing this in mind, the objective of
this research is to emphasize an importance of the economic analysis of wheat
production on family farms and to contribute successfully to the formulation
of the answers to questions if and under which conditions the wheat
production is profitable. In order to have a complete insight into
investigated problem subject, investigations were carried out on selected
family farms. Collected data were processed using calculation procedure for
the purpose of determination of main economical indicators of the success of
wheat production. Based on realized financial results it can be concluded
that with the selling price of 10,000.00 diners per ton, only family farms
which have achieved yield of over 7.5 t/ha with adequate level of investments
are profitable. Since realized average yield of wheat on family farms in the
Republic of Serbia in 2009 was 3.58 t/ha and level of investment necessary
for realization of this yield, it is clear that the majority of family farms
had loss in wheat production. The results of this study suggest that the
economic status of the wheat production depends on the yield and achieved
sales price, as well as on the amount of applied production factors and price
level for their purchasing.
Assessing ecological risks and benefits of genetically modified crops
Authors: Boskovic Jelena , Isajev Vasilije , Prijic Zeljana , Zecevic Veselinka , Hojka Zdravko , Dozet Gordana
Published: December 2010

Genetically modified (GM) crops and biotechnology are providing new
opportunities for increasing crop productivity and tackling agriculture
problems, such as diseases, pests and weeds, abiotic stress and nutritional
limitations of staple food crops. As GM crops are being adopted in various
locations with different ecosystems, a scientifically based understanding of
the environmental effects of cultivations of GM crops would assist decision
makers worldwide in ensuring environmental safety and sustainability. In this
paper are discussed some of the most important problems related to the GM
crops into the environment such as: plant protection, hybridisation,
ecological effects of HRCs, gene flow, biodiversity, stress, ecological risks
(ERA), effects on the soil ecosystem etc.
Adequacy of link families
Authors: Jablan Slavik , Radovic Ljiljana , Sazdanovic Radmila
Published: December 2010

We analyze adequacy of knots and links, utilizing Conway notation, Montesinos
tangles and Linknot and KhoHo computer calculations. We introduce a numerical
invariant called adequacy number, and compute adequacy polynomial which is
the invariant of alternating link families. According to computational
results, adequacy polynomial distinguishes (up to mutation) all families of
alternating knots and links generated by links with at most 12 crossings.
Maximal canonical graphs with seven nonzero eigenvalues
Authors: Lazic Mirjana
Published: December 2010

In [3] and [4] A. Torgasev described all finite and infinite connected graphs
having 3, 4 or 5 nonzero eigenvalues (not necessarily distinct). In the same
papers he has given a general method how to describe all connected graphs
with any fixed number of nonzero eigenvalues. In [2] M. Lepovic applying his
method described all finite connected graphs which have exactly 6 nonzero
eigenvalues. We here describe all finite connected graphs with exactly 7
nonzero eigenvalues.
2-normed algebras-I
Authors: Srivastava Neeraj , Bhattacharya S. , Lal S.N.
Published: December 2010

The class of 2-normed real algebras, defined in [33], as shown in [29] is
either void or contains only trivial algebras. In this paper, a new
definition of real or complex 2-normed algebras and 2-Banach algebras are
proposed. Several examples of such algebras are given.
Extension des fonctions plurisousharmoniques a travers de “petits" sous-ensembles
Authors: Jamel Abidi
Published: December 2010

We extend, in many variables, results established by Cegrell [2] on the
continuation of the plurisubharmonic functions defined outside closed
subsets, of open sets of Cn, having zero Ronkin [8] gamma capacity. This
will be achieved by the continuation of some plurisubharmonic functions,
having on ?a priori" growth, through some thin (meaning to be precised)
closed subsets of Cn (n?1).
Isolation and antifungal sensitivity to Candida isolates in young females
Authors: Adesiji Y. , Ndukwe N. , Okanlawon B.
Published: December 2010

A survey of 104 sexually active young females tested on on cervico-vaginal swabs showed that 26 of the females (25%) had vulvovaginal candidiasis with a species distribution of Candida isolates accounting for 13 (50%) with C. albicans, 6 (23%) with C. glabrata, 1 (4%) with C. krusei, and 6 (23%) with C. tropicalis. Of the 26 (25 %) subjects that were positive for VVC, 8 (7.8 %) were symptomatic and 18 (18.8 %) were asymptomatic. However, distribution among different age groups revealed an increase in the 23–27 age group. The comparative analysis of sensitivity of the given fungi to the number of antimycotic preparations used revealed the following: in fluconazole, 2 (7.8%) isolates were sensitive, 5 (19.2%) were susceptible and dose dependent, and 19 (73%) were resistant. For voriconazole, 4 (18.4%) isolates were sensitive, 6 (23.1%) were susceptible and dose dependent, and 16 (61.5%) were resistant. For nystatin, 5 (19.2%) isolates were sensitive, 10 (38.5%) were susceptible and dose dependent, and 11 (42.3%) were resistant. It appears that Candida isolates have a variable resistance response, but 19 (73%) had maximum resistance of the isolated fungi of the genus Candida to fluconazole. Therefore, further studies on the evaluation of combination therapy should be considered for a better outcome in treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Mechanisms controlling lipid accumulation and polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis in oleaginous fungi
Authors: Laoteng Kobkul , Čertík Milan , Cheevadhanark Supapon
Published: December 2010

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are functional lipids that have been widely incorporated into several industrial sectors. Apart from animal- and plant-derived origins, oleaginous fungi belonging to Mucorales have been identified as promising alternatives for production of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs. It was found, in Mucorales fungi, that ATP:citrate lyase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and malic enzyme trigger lipid overproduction, and biosynthesis of PUFA requires membrane-bound desaturases with fatty acyl substrate specificities. Accumulation of PUFAs in the cells is associated not only with the desaturation system, but it is also tightly bound with acyltransferases that facilitate the distribution of newly synthesized PUFA to individual lipid structures. Several physical parameters, such as temperature, aeration, and nutrient regimes, greatly affect either the lipid content or fatty acid composition among different Mucorales species. Conclusive evidence showed that the PUFA production yield of the fungi depends on the environmental control of “oleaginous” enzymes, and on the transcriptional expression of the desaturase genes. These valuable studies provide perspectives with biological rationale for microbial production of economically important lipids.
How to determine parameters of soft mode from dielectric spectroscopy performed using cells with ITO electrodes?
Authors: Perkowski P.
Published: December 2010

Indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes are widely used for liquid crystal applications as well as for measuring cells. Unfortunately, ITO layer possesses its own non zero resistivity R, which produces (with the cell capacity C0) the cut-off frequency f0 of RC0 circuit. From this reason, dielectric spectroscopy for high frequencies cannot be performed directly. The limits of classical method of extracting high frequency losses are shortly discussed. The new method of extracting high frequency losses is used for the first time for the experimental data. The new method can also evaluate the shrinkage of measuring cell gap after filling with liquid crystal.
VCSEL structures used to suppress higher-order transverse modes
Authors: Nakwaski W.
Published: December 2010

Currently unwanted excitation of higher-order transverse modes is the most serious drawback of vertical-cavity surface-emitting diode lasers (VCSELs) limiting their possible applications. In the present paper, various methods used to suppress those modes are described and their effectiveness is compared. It is well known that, because of a nearly uniform current injection into their active regions, small-aperture VCSELs without any modification offer quite high single-fundamental-mode (SFM) output. However, their series resistance is often too high, which aggravates their high-modulation performance. Similarly uniform current injection may be also achieved with the aid of a tunnelling junction. Generally, methods suppressing higher-order modes take advantage of higher optical gain within the central part of the active region, higher radiation losses outside this region and/or higher central mirror reflectivity. Currently, applications of a tunnel junction, an impurity-induced disordering or an inverted shallow surface relief seem to be the simplest and the most effective methods. The deep etched holey structure or the ARROW structure enable obtaining similar single-mode output powers but they may be used in special cases only because of their complex technology. Photonic crystals may probably enable more advanced mechanisms of suppressing higher-order modes in future because currently their application seems to be still far from being optimised.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Preliminary Evidence of Abnormal Neural Connectivity
Authors: Jou Roger J. , Jackowski Andrea P. , Papademetris Xenophon , Rajeevan Nallakkandi , Staib Lawrence H. , Volkmar Fred R.
Published: December 2010

Objective: This study indirectly tested the hypothesis that individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have impaired neural connections between the amygdala, fusiform face area, and superior temporal sulcus, key processing nodes of the ‘social brain’. This would be evidenced by abnormalities in the major fibre tracts known to connect these structures, including the inferior longitudinal fasciculus and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus.

Method: Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging was performed on 20 right-handed males (ASD = 10, controls = 10) with a mean age 13.5 ± 4.0 years. Subjects were group-matched according to age, full-scale IQ, handedness, and ethnicity. Fractional anisotropy was used to assess structural integrity of major fibre tracts. Voxel-wise comparison of white matter fractional anisotropy was conducted between groups using ANCOVA adjusting for age, full-scale IQ, and brain volume. Volumes of interest were identified using predetermined probability and cluster thresholds. Follow-up tractography was performed to confirm the anatomic location of all volumes of interest which were observed primarily in peri-callosal regions and the temporal lobes.

Results: The regions of lower fractional anisotropy, as confirmed by tractography, involved the inferior longitudinal fasciculus/inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and corpus callosum/cingulum. Notably, some volumes of interest were adjacent to the fusiform face area, bilaterally, corresponding to involvement of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus. The largest effect sizes were noted for volumes of interest in the right anterior radiation of the corpus callosum/cingulum and right fusiform face area (inferior longitudinal fasciculus).

Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence of impaired neural connectivity in the corpus callosum/cingulum and temporal lobes involving the inferior longitudinal fasciculus/inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and superior longitudinal fasciculus in ASDs. These findings provide preliminary support for aberrant neural connectivity between the amygdala, fusiform face area, and superior temporal sulcus–temporal lobe structures critical for normal social perception and cognition.
Outcome of Adolescent Depression: 6 Months After Treatment
Authors: Gordon Michael S. , Tonge Bruce , Melvin Glenn A.
Published: December 2010

Objective: To evaluate the demographic and clinical factors that predicted depression in adolescents at 6 months after treatment.

Method: A total of 130 adolescents (aged 12 to 18 years) who had been clinically referred for treatment with a DSM-IV major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder or minor depression were treated with either CBT, sertraline, their combination or supportive psychotherapy, in two randomized clinical trials using the same assessment instruments. Assessments in both studies were conducted at initial assessment, three months later at the conclusion of treatment, and at 6-month follow up. The data of these two trials were pooled. The primary outcome measures were the presence of a depressive disorder and the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale (RADS) score at 6-month follow up.

Results: At baseline, only the Self Efficacy Questionnaire for Depressed Adolescents (SEQ-DA) predicted depression at 6-month follow up. Individual measures following 3 months of acute treatment that predicted depression at 6-month follow up were SEQ-DA, RADS, Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale-total score, Global Assessment of Function, adolescent-rated Family Assessment Device General Functioning Subscale and adolescent-rated Visual Analogue Scores of mood states.

Conclusion: Clinical variables as reported by the adolescent and identified by the clinician at baseline assessment and following 3 months of treatment predicted depression at 6-month follow up. No demographic variables were predictive of depression at 6-month follow up.
150th Anniversary of Veterinary Education and the Veterinary Profession in North America
Authors: Smith Donald F.
Published: December 2010

This article is the first in a series of three to be published in the Journal of Veterinary Medical Education (JVME). These articles are abridged versions of six lectures that make up an elective course on the history of the veterinary profession in North America offered at Cornell University's College of Veterinary Medicine in spring 2010. The course was based in large part on an oral history collection titled “An Enduring Veterinary Legacy”1that captures interesting and relevant veterinary stories. The course was designed to increase awareness of the history of veterinary medicine as we approach the sesquicentennial of the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) in 2013 and as we join with our international colleagues in marking the 250th anniversary of the establishment of the world's first veterinary college in Lyon, France, in 2011.2The overarching goal of this course and the articles is to record and also to share first-person stories that describe the development of veterinary education and the veterinary profession in North America from the mid-1860s to the present. In the process, it is hoped that this history will encourage respect, love, and admiration for the veterinary profession and an appreciation of veterinary medicine as a versatile profession. The articles are somewhat Cornell-centric because the lectures on which they are based were presented to Cornell students at their home institution. However, it is hoped that the events are representative of the broader American experience. For educators interested in the course itself, a brief synopsis and a summary of student evaluations for the first year of presentation is appended here and in subsequent articles in this series.
The European System of Veterinary Specialization
Authors: Romagnoli Stefano
Published: December 2010

Veterinary specialist diplomas were available in many European countries during the second half of the 20th century. However, such an early recognition of the importance of veterinary specialization actually delayed the concept of the European veterinary specialist in Europe, compared with the United States, where the first specialist colleges were established in the 1960s, because it was felt that the national system was functioning properly and there was therefore no need for a new structure in the European countries. The European Board of Veterinary Specialisation (EBVS) was established in 1996, and currently there are 23 specialist colleges with more than 2,600 veterinarians officially listed in the EBVS register as European specialists. The Advisory Committee on Veterinary Training (ACVT) approved the establishment of EBVS but never implemented a supervising body (with ACVT representation). Such a body, the European Coordinating Committee on Veterinary Training, was later implemented by the profession itself, although it still lacked a political component. Each college depends on the EBVS, which has the function to define standards and criteria for monitoring the quality of college diplomates. To become a European Diplomate, veterinarians must have gone through an intensive period of training supervised by a diplomate, after which candidates must pass an examination. Although the term European veterinary specialist still does not have any legal recognition, national specialist qualifications are being phased out in many countries because of the inherent higher quality of EBVS specialist qualifications.