bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OCTOPUS: Operation Control System for Task Optimization and Job Parallelization via a User-Optimal Scheduler
Authors: Han Sang Soo , Yoo Hyuk Jun , Lee Kwan-Young , Kim Donghun
Published: May 2024

The materials acceleration platform (MAP), empowered by robotics and artificial intelligence, is a transformative approach for expediting material discovery processes across diverse domains. However, the development of an operating system for MAP faces challenges in simultaneously managing diverse experiments from multiple users. Specifically, when MAP is utilized by multiple users, the overlapping challenges of experimental modules or devices can lead to inefficiencies in both resource utilization and safety hazards. To overcome these challenges, we present an operation control system for MAP, namely, OCTOPUS, which is an acronym for operation control system for task optimization and job parallelization via a user-optimal scheduler. OCTOPUS streamlines experiment scheduling and optimizes resource utilization through integrating its interface node, master node and module nodes. Leveraging process modularization and a network protocol, OCTOPUS ensures the homogeneity, scalability, safety and versatility of MAP. In addition, OCTOPUS embodies a user-optimal scheduler. Job parallelization and task optimization techniques mitigate delays and safety hazards within realistic operational environments, while the closed-packing schedule algorithm efficiently executes multiple jobs with minimal resource waste. This work offers a solution to the challenges encountered within MAP accessed by multiple users, and thereby will facilitate its widespread adoption in material development processes.
Activation of alpha 2 adrenergic receptor of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting nucleus alleviates acute incision pain behavior in rats
Authors: Meng Xiang-ting , Song Si-yuan , Li Yin , Peng Sheng , Zhang Li-cai
Published: May 2024

Purpose Studies have shown that the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) contacting nucleus plays a role in pain modulation. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist, has sedative, analgesic and anti-anxiety effects. In this study, we intend to investigate whether DEX can modulate acute incision pain by activating specific receptors on CSF-contacting neurons (CSF-CN) through lateral ventricular microinjection. Methods Cholera toxin B subunit (CB)- saporin (SAP) was injected into the lateral ventricle (LV) of rats to specifically damage CSF contacting nucleus and establish CSF-contacting nucleus “knockout” model animal. The model of acute incision pain was applied in rats, and mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were adopted to evaluate the analgesic effect of DEX injected into LV. Further, to observe whether the CSF-contacting nucleus “knockout” could abate the analgesic effect of DEX. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the damage effect of CB-SAP on CSF-CN and the expression of alpha 2-adrenergic receptor in the CSFCN. The level of the second messenger cAMP in the CSF-CN was detected by ELISA. Results Immunofluorescence assay showed that 1 week after CB-SAP microinjection into the LV, the CSF-CN were completely damaged in rats, which successfully established the CSF contacting nucleus “knockout” rat model. Meanwhile, immunofluorescence confirmed the presence of alpha 2 adrenergic receptors in the neuron of CSF-contacting nucleus. Microinjection of dexmedetomidine into the LV could inhibit the pain behavior of rats in dose dependent manner, and the analgesic effect of DEX was significantly attenuated in CSF-contacting nucleus “knockout” rats. Conclusion Activation of alpha 2 adrenergic receptor of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting nucleus could modulate acute incision pain behavior in rats.
Identification and validation of prognostic signature and immune infiltrate characteristics for acute myocardial infarction based on neutrophil extracellular traps
Authors: Bao Suli , Wu Xinyu , Li Jingru , Wu Changyong , Yang Lu , sun huang , Li Ruijie , wang luqiao , Peng Yunzhu
Published: May 2024

Background
Coronary artery blockage can lead to acute myocardial infarction (AMI), characterized by myocardial ischemia, necrosis, and compromised cardiac function. Recent studies highlight the significance of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in AMI's progression and prognosis. This research delves into the expression patterns of NETs-related genes (NRGs) in AMI cases. It aims to explore the association between immune infiltration linked to NRGs and AMI, as well as their potential as prognostic markers.
Methods
Data for AMI was sourced from the GSE59867 dataset in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, complemented by NETs-related genes from existing literature. Differential expression analysis of these genes (DE-NRGs) was conducted between control and AMI samples. This was followed by functional enrichment analysis of the DE-NRGs. The degree of immune infiltration was quantified via ImmuncellAI, facilitating the analysis of correlations between critical genes and neutrophils. A LASSO algorithm-based model was developed using NRGs to predict relevant features. Subsequently, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of the DE-NRGs was performed to identify central hub genes and potential high-correlation predictors. The validity of these analyses was confirmed through the development of an AMI rat model and subsequent validation of key predictors via Western blotting.
Results
In the bioinformatics examination of the GSE59867 dataset, a notable variance in gene expression was observed between AMI and normal samples. Analysis of immune infiltration in selected DE-NRGs revealed a significant link with Neutrophils, monocytes, and NK-T cells (p < 0.05). The LASSO algorithm identified nine potential predictors: CXCL 8, IL 1 B, CAT, PRKCA, HDAC 6, HDAC 9, G0S2, CD93, and GP1BA. When these were cross-referenced with the top 50 hub genes from the PPI network, four genes (CXCL 8, IL 1 B, PRKCA, HDAC 6) emerged as significant predictors for AMI risk classification. Notably, CXCL 8 exhibited a strong positive correlation with neutrophils (R = 0.35, p < 0.01), whereas PRCKA showed a negative association (R = -0.20, p < 0.01). Additional external validation affirmed the classifier's high accuracy (AUC = 0.82). Western blot analyses post-acute MI revealed a marked increase in citH 3 and CXCL 8 expression levels (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
A predictive model for AMI was developed based on NETs-associated genes, focusing on their correlation with immune infiltration. Four DE-NRGs, namely CXCL 8, IL 1 B, PRKCA, and HDAC 6, demonstrated high predictive accuracy for myocardial infarction risk. This model not only sheds light on the inflammatory injury in AMI but also suggests targeted therapeutic approaches for clinical management of AMI.
Comparison of three different surgical techniques for convergence excess esotroia
Authors: Elsayed Sahar , Mostafa Amira Mahmoud El-Sayed Mostafa , Gamal Mohamed Ayman Gamal , Hussein Atef Mohamed Hussein , Ghali Manar Atef Ghali
Published: May 2024

The surgical management of convergence excess esotropia (CEET) with near-far disparity (NFD) is a challenging problem. We aim to compare the results of three different surgical procedures; bilateral medial rectus recession(MRR), combined recession–resection (CRR) and Y - splitting recession(YSR) of the medial rectus (MR) muscle. This was a retrospective comparative study of 60 patients records from (2019–2023) who met the inclusion criteria with CEET (NFD), had on their whole cycloplegic refraction and underwent surgical treatment. An acceptable result was outlined as orthophoria or esotropia, less than 10 prism diopters (Δ) at far and near with decline of the NFD to less than 10 Δ at the ending of the follow up period of 2 years. 13 of 20 patients (65%), 15 of 20 patients (75%), 18 of 20 patients (90%), had acceptable results at far and near in Group I (MRR), Group II (CRR) and Group III (YSR) respectively (p value was 0.21) statistically insignificant. No cases of overcorrection (exotropia) were reported at the final follow up visit (2 years) in the three groups. The three surgical techniques were successful but CRR was the most successful, durable, with steadiness of outcomes but extended follow-up periods are even so necessary.
A single-cell analysis of nasal epithelial cells development in domestic pig
Authors: Wang Wenqian , Liu Ruiling , Zhong Qiu , Cao Yunlei , Qi Jiaxin , Li Yuchen , Yang Qian
Published: May 2024

The nasal mucosa forms a critical barrier against the invasion of respiratory pathogens. Composed of a heterogeneous assortment of cell types, the nasal mucosa relies on the unique characteristics and complex intercellular dynamics of these cells to maintain its structural integrity and functional efficacy. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on porcine nasal mucosa was performed and twenty distinct nasal cell types were identified, including nine epithelial cell types, four stromal cell types, and seven immune cell types. Subsequently, the distribution patterns of three representative types of epithelial cells (including basal cells, goblet cells, and ciliated cells) were detected by immunofluorescence. We conducted a comparative analysis of these data with published human single-cell data, revealing consistent differentiation trajectories among porcine and human nasal epithelial cells. Specifically, basal cells serve as the initial stage in the differentiation process of nasal epithelial cells, which then differentiate into club cells, and further branch into ciliated cells or goblet cells. Moreover, we observed a significant degree of similarity in transcription characteristics of cell-cell junction molecules and various respiratory virus receptors between porcine and human epithelial cells. This research not only enhances our understanding of the composition and transcriptional signature of porcine nasal mucosal cells, but also offers a theoretical foundation for developing alternative models for human respiratory diseases.
The Impact of Different Rainfall on Food Security - Based on Empirical Evidence from China
Authors: Jiang SiMan , chen Shuyue , Xiao Qiqi , Fang Zhong
Published: May 2024

Ensuring food security is not only vital to the adequate supply of food in the world, but also the key to the economic development and social stability of various countries. Based on the panel data of 29 provinces in China from 2016 to 2020, this paper selects the number of foodborne diseases patients and iodine deficiency disease patients as reference objects, uses stunting rate of children under 5 years old, malnutrition rate of children under 5 years old, obesity rate of children under 5 years old, and newborn visit rate to measure improving nutrition, proposes Meta Entropy Two-Stage Dynamic Direction Distance Function (DDF) Under an exogenous Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to measure the efficiency of hunger eradication, food security, and improving nutrition under the influence of exogenous variable rainfall. The research results indicate that the sustainability of China's agricultural economy is insufficient, and the focus of attention should be different in different stages. In addition, the average efficiency of the three regions generally shows a decreasing level in the eastern, western, and central regions. In order to improve China's ability to guarantee food security, we must continue to strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure, increase policy support for green agricultural production, promote the diversification of agricultural production, and enrich people's agricultural product consumption varieties.
Biopreservation and Reversal of Oxidative Injury During Blood Storage by a Novel Curcumin-based Gel Formulation
Authors: Hicks Wayne , Jana Sirsendu , Kassa Tigist , Prince Richard , Cabrales Pedro , Friedman Joel , Alayash Abdu I.
Published: May 2024

Blood storage lesion induces cytosolic and membrane changes driven in part by hemoglobin (Hb) oxidation reactions within red blood cells (RBCs). A novel gel formulation containing the antioxidant curcuminoids in a biocompatible solvent system was used to deliver curcumin into RBCs. Incubation of peroxide treated RBCs stored in PBS with curcumin gel led to a reduction in prooxidant ferrylHb and recovery in ATP. Curcumin treatment prevented band 3 tyrosine (Y359 and Y21) phosphorylation. RBCs stored in AS-3 solutions for 28, 35, 42 and 49 days, following a single-dose of 100µM curcuminoids at each time points, caused reduction in protein carbonylation and considerable recovery in ATP levels. Proteomic analysis revealed minimal changes in the proteomic landscape in 35 days. However, a downregulation in fibrinogen was observed in the treated samples which may reduce RBC aggregation. Additionally, we used a guinea pig model where the circulation of infused aged RBCs can be extended (approximately 10%) when treated with curcumin gel at the start of storage. Our data therefore provide mechanistic insights and supportive animal data into benefits of treating stored RBCs with a novel curcuminoid formulation based on the biopreservation of RBC membrane integrity, redox balance, and increased longevity in circulation.
Advanced modulation formats for 4 × 100Gbps computing power optical networks and AI-based format recognition
Authors: He Zhou , Huang Hao , Hu Fanjian , Gong Jiawei , Zhang Peng , Shi Binghua , Li Ruiheng , Guo Jia , Ding Dan , Peng Xiaoran
Published: May 2024

In the era of the digital economy, enabling users to utilize computing power as conveniently as water and electricity is inseparable from the development of computing power networks. The carrier network of future 6G also needs to achieve deep collaboration between computing and networking. In high-speed computing power optical networks above 400G, nonlinear effects became one of the main factors limiting system transmission performance. Traditional coherent optical communication solutions are complex to implement, require high coherence and stability of light sources, which is difficult, and costly. This paper proposes a low-cost and low-complexity non-coherent solution based on the advanced modulation format Apol-CRZ-FSK to achieve 4 x 100Gbps computing power optical networks. Simulation results show that it exhibits better resistance to non-linear effects compared to traditional modulation formats such as CRZ-FSK and DQPSK, enabling longer single-span and multi-span transmission distances and superior transmission performance. Furthermore, in response to the transmission requirements and signal perception and recognition requirements in future computing optical networks, this study identifies three different modulation formats through the Inception-ResNet-v2 convolutional neural network model. When compared with six deep learning methods including AlexNet, ResNet50, GoogleNet, SqueezeNet, Inception-v4, and Xception, the Inception-ResNet-v2 model achieved the highest accuracy rate of 99.51%, which is a 1.66% improvement over the ResNet50 model. It can provide an effective solution for low-cost, low-complexity, and high-performance signal transmission and signal recognition in the 6G era of high-speed computing power optical networks.
Cell spheroid viscoelasticity is deformation-dependent
Authors: Boot Ruben C. , Net Anouk van der , Gogou Christos , Mehta Pranav , Meijer Dimphna H. , Koenderink Gijsje H. , Boukany Pouyan E.
Published: May 2024

Tissue surface tension influences cell sorting and tissue fusion. Earlier mechanical studies suggest that multicellular spheroids actively reinforce their surface tension with applied force. Here we study this open question through high-throughput microfluidic micropipette aspiration measurements on cell spheroids to identify the role of force duration and cell contractility. We find that larger spheroid deformations lead to faster cellular retraction once the pressure is released, regardless of the applied force and cellular contractility. These new insights demonstrate that spheroid viscoelasticity is deformation-dependent and challenge whether surface tension truly reinforces.
Predation risk of caterpillar preys in urban agroecosystem is shaped by arthropods and local landscape but not leaf herbivory: a common garden experiment
Authors: Roquero Jirriza , Lidasan Asraf , Navel Kyla , Agduma Angelo , Casim Lothy , Ele Renee Jane , Tanalgo Krizler
Published: May 2024

Prey-predator interactions are fundamental to ecosystems, with predators regulating prey populations. Yet, the degree of this interaction varies, depending on the conditions and structure of the ecosystem. We investigated the impact of urbanisation and tree cover, together with leaf herbivory, on the risk of predation of caterpillar prey. We used 1500 artificial caterpillars across ten study sites in southcentral Mindanao, Philippines. We found that the predation rate was similar across leaf herbivory treatments, but the risk differed significantly according to the predator and landscape variables. Arthropods were the most significant predators, and local landscape and plot-level variables affected the overall predation risk of caterpillar prey. Increasing canopy and tree cover increased the risk of predation. This study implies that, irrespective of the specific foraging locations chosen by arthropod prey, predators are likely to prey on the available prey within the environment. Our results align with the ‘Enemies hypothesis’, which suggests that the effectiveness of top-down control by predators increases with heightened tree cover. This further suggests that adjacent small-scale restoration interventions, such as native tree planting to bolster habitat heterogeneity and structure, would benefit top-down control (i.e. natural pest control) within urban agroecosystems.
Postgraduate medical education in obstetrics & gynecology in Switzerland in comparison to Germany and Austria, results of an international survey
Authors: Krischer Benedict , Brechbühl-Litzel Ruth , Breuer Georg-Daniel , Favero Martine , Foessleitner Philipp , Friemann Margareta , Weiss Martin , Windsperger Karin , Winder Franziska
Published: May 2024

Background
There is frequent academic exchange between Switzerland, Germany and Austria, facilitated by the common language. Also the postgraduate training curricula in obstetrics & gynecology show some similarities. We aimed to compare self-perceived level of ability, availability of simulation training and teaching and feedback culture among residents in obstetrics & gynecology in Switzerland, Germany, and Austria. The focus was on Switzerland, to gain better understanding of strengths and room for improvement.
Methods
In a cross sectional design, a web-based survey with 30 questions was distributed under obstetrics & gynecology residents in the three countries in August and September 2020. Primary outcome was the self-perception of skills in between-countries-comparison in mid-training trainees, i.e. omitting trainees in their first year as well as very advanced trainees and specialists. Secondary outcome was reported teaching, simulation training and feedback culture. German and Austrian responses were calculated together and compared with the Swiss replies.
Results
422 participants took part in the survey, with 27.5% (n=116) from Switzerland, corresponding to a questionnaire response rate of around 19%. 48% of Swiss trainees were in training years 2-5. 57% of Swiss participants felt confident in obstetric procedures and 69% in gynecological procedures - compared to 52% and 68% in non-Swiss (p=0.005 and p=0.176). Swiss participants felt significantly more confident in performing gynecological than obstetric procedures (p=0.015). 63 % of Swiss participants had obstetric and 28% had gynecological simulation training compared to 37% and 17% in Germany and Austria, respectively (p<0.001 and p=0.007).
56% of Swiss participants reported “enough structured teaching”, 43% reported a “good teaching culture”, 47% of Swiss participants stated to receive regular feedback.
Conclusions
The majority of trainees in Switzerland feel confident in a range of procedures and interventions. Simulation training is relatively widespread, although
especially surgical simulation training should be expanded. Clinical teaching and feedback culture should be strengthened. “Teach the teacher” courses should be encouraged to promote a sustainable feedback culture.
Integration of a vision system with a robotic polishing system for machining variety of workpieces
Authors: KHARIDEGE AHMED , MAOUDJ ABDERRAOUF
Published: May 2024

Industrial robots are extensively employed in a variety of surface industrial processes. To increase productivity, automated manufacturing systems operate in the factory on the physical product to perform operations such as processing, material handling, polishing and sometimes accomplishing more than one of these operations in the same system. It is necessary to locate objects or its features as rapidly as possible so that further image-processing algorithms can extract features. Robotic-based pick-and-place applications can be achieved by determining the correct orientation of a part within 2D or 3D space. A machine vision image acquisition hardware platform was set up, HALCON software used for noise filter, threshold segmentation and edge detection of the workpiece image to comply with identification accuracy requirements. Based on the preprocessing result, the workpiece features information extracted. Integration of the machine vision system allows the polishing system to simultaneously processing a variety of workpieces identifying the shape, size and color on the test bench. The workpiece was classified by these characteristics and the classification information is output to the controller. The recognition result is output to the PLC to generate the corresponding polishing paths, reduce time of operation and increase the flexible processing capacity.
Integrating RTM-GWAS and meta‑QTLs uncovers the genomic regions and candidate genes for the first fruit branch node and its height in upland cotton
Authors: SU Junji , Li Dandan , Yuan Wenmin , Li Ying , Ju Jisheng , Wang Ning , Ling Pingjie , Feng Keyun , Wang Caixiang
Published: May 2024

The first fruit branch node (FFBN) and height of the first fruit branch node (HFFBN) are two important traits related to plant architecture and early maturation in upland cotton. Several studies have been performed to elucidate the genetic basis of FFBN and HFFBN in cotton using biparental and natural populations. In this study, by using 9,244 SNP linkage disequilibrium block (SNPLDB) loci from 315 upland cotton accessions, we carried out restricted two‐stage multilocus and multiallele genome-wide association studies (RTM‐GWASs) and identified promising haplotypes/alleles of the four stable and true major SNPLDB loci that were significantly associated with FFBN and HFFBN. Additionally, a meta-QTL analysis was conducted on 274 original QTLs reported in 27 studies, and 40 MQTLs for FFBN and HFFBN were detected. Through the integration of RTM-GWAS and meta‑QTL analyses, two stable and true major SNPLDBs (LDB_5_15144433 and LDB_16_37952328) that were distributed in the two MQTLs were identified. Ultimately, 142 genes were annotated in the two genomic regions, and three candidate genes for FFBN and HFFBN were identified in the genomic region (A05:14.64–15.64 Mb) by RNA-Seq and qRT‒PCR. The results of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments indicated that GhE6was a key gene related to HFFBN and that GhDRM1 and GhGES were important genes associated with early flowering in upland cotton. These findings will aid in the future identification of molecular markers and genetic resources for developing elite early-maturing cultivars with ideal plant characteristics.
·Assessment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Cluster Detection and Perception Capability
Authors: ZHAO Beibei , Chen Yu , Qi Xiaogang , LIU Lifang
Published: May 2024

For the evaluation of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) cluster detection and perception capability, a model for assessing the UAV cluster detection and perception capability is established based on the reconnaissance mission of the swarm. An evaluation method based on the three-parameter interval number weighted Hamy mean operator, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and entropy weight method is proposed. Firstly, an evaluation matrix is established at multiple moments. Secondly, the evaluation matrices of multiple moments are aggregated through the inverse form of the Poisson distribution. Then, the weights of the indicators are calculated using the combination weighting method. Finally, the three-parameter interval number weighted Hamy mean operator is used to aggregate the evaluation indicator information. Simulation results show that the proposed evaluation method can effectively handle the uncertainty of information and is suitable for complex combat environments, providing quantitative references for decision-making related to UAV swarm operations.
Phylotranscriptomics reveals the phylogeny of Asparagales and the evolution of allium flavor biosynthesis
Authors: Chen Ling-Yun , Wang Xiao-Xiao , Huang Chien-Hsun , Morales-Briones Diego , Zhang Na , Hu Ying , Wang Xiang-Yu , Zhao Pu-Guang , Wei Xiao-Mei , Wei Kunhua , Hemu Xin-Ya , Tan Ninghua , Wang Qing-Feng
Published: May 2024

Asparagales, the largest monocot order, is renowned for its ecological, economic, and medicinal significance. Here, we leveraged transcriptome data from 455 Asparagales species to explore the phylogeny of Asparagales. Moreover, we investigated the evolutionary patterns of the genes involved in allium flavor formation. Our analyses not only established a robust bifurcating phylogeny of Asparagales but also explored their reticulate relationships. Notably, we found that eight genes involved in the biosynthesis of allium flavor compounds underwent expansion in Allium species. Furthermore, we observed Allium-specific mutations in one amino acid within alliinase and three within lachrymatory factor synthase. Overall, our findings highlight the role of gene expansion, increased expression, and particularly amino acid mutations in driving the evolution of Allium-specific compounds. These insights not only deepen our understanding of the phylogeny of Asparagales, but also illuminate the genetic mechanisms underpinning specialized compounds.
Caesarean Section Rates in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Northern Uganda: A Retrospective Analysis Using the Robson Ten Group Classification System
Authors: Ssenuni Eric , Bongomin Felix , Akuma Elvis , Lukujja Kizito , Kule Henry , Keneth Opiro , Awor Silvia , Arwinyo Baifa , Ojara Sande , Opee Jimmyy , Jackline Ayikoru , Akello Jackline , Pebolo Pebalo Francis
Published: May 2024

Background
The Robson Ten Groups Classification System (RTGCS) is increasingly being used for assessing, monitoring, and comparing caesarean section (CS) rates within and between healthcare facilities over time. We assessed the pattern of the CS rate at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital (GRRH) in Northern Uganda using the RTGCS.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of all deliveries performed during the financial year of 2019/2020 at GRRH, Gulu city, Uganda. We reviewed the files of mothers and collected data on sociodemographic and obstetric variables. The outcome variables were Robson Ten Groups (1–10) based on gestational age, fetal presentation, number of fetuses, onset of labor, fetal presentation and lie, and history of CS and indications for CS.
Results
We included 3,183 participants, with a mean age of 24.6± 5.7 years. The overall CS rate was 13.4% (n = 427). Most participants were in RTGCS groups 3 (43.3%, n = 185) and 1 (29.2%, n = 88). The most common indication for CS was prolonged labor (41.0%) (n = 175), followed by foetal distress (19.9%, n = 85) and Contracted pelvis (13.6%, n = 58).
Conclusion
Our study showed that GRRH patients had a low-risk obstetric population dominated by mothers in groups 3 and 1, which could explain the low overall CS rate of 13.4%. However, the rates of CS among low-risk populations are alarmingly high, and this is likely to cause an increase in CS rates in the future. We recommend group-specific interventions through CS auditing to lower group-specific CS rates.
Infection Microenvironment-Triggered Nanoparticles Eradicate MRSA by Thermally Amplified Chemodynamic Therapy and M1 macrophage
Authors: Hong Qimin , Zhang Wei , Liu Zhen , Li Bo , Liu Xi , Wang Zhinan , Wang Rui , Yang Jianping , Nie Bin’en , Yue Bing
Published: May 2024

It is of great significance to develop novel approach to treat bacterial infections, due to the frequent misuse of antibiotics leads to the serious problem of bacterial resistance. In this study, antibiotic-free antibacterial nanoparticles is proposed for eliminating methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) based on a multi-model synergistic antibacterial ability of chemodynamic therapy, photothermal effect and innate immunomodulation. Specifically, a polydopamine (PDA) layer coated and Ag nanoparticles loaded core-shell structure Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PDA-Ag) is prepared. The Fe3O4 catalyzes H2O2 present in acidic microenvironment of bacterial infection into more toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and synergizes with the released Ag ions to exert a stronger bactericidal capacity, which can be augmented by photothermal action of PDA triggered by near-infrared light and loosen the biofilm by photothermal action to promote the penetration of ROS and Ag ion into the biofilm, result in disrupting biofilm structure along with killing encapsulated bacteria. Furthermore, Fe3O4@PDA-Ag exerts indirect antibacterial effects by promoting M1 macrophages polarizing. Animal models demonstrated that Fe3O4@PDA-Ag effectively controlled MRSA-induced infections by the way of photothermal enhanced CDT, Ag+ releasing and enhanced macrophage-mediated bactericidal properties. The acid-triggered antibacterial nanoparticles is expected to be used for combating drug-resistant bacteria infection.
pH-responsive tanshinone IIA-loaded hydrogel nanoparticles inducing ferroptosis, autophagy and apoptosis for anticancer treatment
Authors: Zhang Yuefeng , Wang Jing , Mu Lijun , Ma Yingxin , Li Ru , Li Pan , Ren Tianying , Ji Lusha
Published: May 2024

Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a lipophilic active constituent derived from the rhizomes and roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), a Chinese medicinal herb. However, Tan IIA suffers from low absorption and limited bioavailability due to its poor solubility in water. To address this issue, we utilized calcium alginate hydrogel (CA) as a hydrophilic carrier for Tan IIA, enabling enhance the solubility. Besides, the nanoparticles, with pH-responsive property may have great potential on controlled drug delivery. The Tan IIA/CA nanoparticles also exhibited significant anticancer activity in vitro. Furthermore, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effect of Tan IIA/CA, revealing the involvement of apoptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy pathways. This study not only confirms the anticancer properties of Tan IIA/CA, but also provides novel insights and strategies for enhancing the solubility of poorly water-soluble compounds.
Validation and testing of the O-PALM mono-dimensional tool for evaluating the economic impact of pharmacist interventions in a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Ofei-Palm Charles Nii , Adjimani Nicholas Adjimani , Tetteh Raymond , Nkansah Amah , Dogbe Justice , Koduah Augustina , Ankrah Daniel , Buabeng Kwame Ohene
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Ward-based clinical pharmacy practice is now common in Ghana. The practice includes well-documented and published pharmacists’ interventions (PIs) to provide evidence of the clinical activities of pharmacists in general. In an era of limited resources, pharmacists must demonstrate the additional value of clinical pharmacy services and PIs to improve the quality and value of health care outcomes.
To determine the economic impact of PIs, various methods, tools, and instruments are utilized. However, most of these instruments are created and utilized in the developed world, with a sophisticated system of approach that is impractical in the developing world.
Therefore the Objective-Pharmacists Algorithm Model (O-PALM) could be an easy tool to utilize in resource-constrained settings to measure the economic impact of PIs.
Aim
To validate and test the feasibility of the O-PALM tool for evaluating economic impact of PIs in hospital settings
Method
A novel O-PALM mono-dimensional tool was validated and tested by a review of current tools of evaluation models of PIs. A panel of pharmacy specialists indicate varying degrees of agreement with the tool's content. Their ratings were used to evaluate the tool's inter-rater reliability and validity.
Results
The O-PALM tool was utilized by 30 raters and they evaluated 68 PIs. In terms of tool’s content agreement or satisfaction, a significant majority of 22 (73%) of raters agreed to recommend the O-PALM tool to their friends and colleagues, 22 (73%) of raters, agreed that both educational and interventional, 23 (77%) of the raters, agreed that O-PALM tool was suitable for evaluating PIs. The raters' ratings ranged from good to excellent, with 9 (30%) rated as good, 10 (33.4%) as very good, and 4 (13.4%) rated the O-PALM tool as excellent.The overall inter-rater reliability was a slight agreement for the O-PALM tool amongst the various categories of pharmacists (agreement 76.6%; k=0.02)
Conclusion
The O-PALM tool is a mono-dimensional tool that provides a real economic impact of PIs that has been validated and tested. It is reliable, reproducible, and easy to utilize in ordinary clinical pharmacy practice in resource-constrained hospital settings to evaluate the economic impact of PIs.
Identifying gaps in the conservation of small wild cats of Southeast Asia
Authors: Chiaverini Luca , Macdonald David W. , Hearn Andrew J. , Kaszta Żaneta , Ash Eric , Cushman Samuel
Published: May 2024

Southeast Asia hosts more felid species than any other region and, although smaller (< 30kg) felids have important ecological roles, regional conservation has mainly focused on a few charismatic big cats. Information on the ecology and conservation status of small felids is often lacking or geographically limited. We used empirically derived scale-optimized models for seven species in three regions of Southeast Asia (mainland, Borneo and Sumatra) to evaluate the effectiveness of the existing protected areas network in preserving suitable habitats, and to map suitable areas lacking protection. Finally, we assessed whether small felids are good proxies of broader regional terrestrial biodiversity. On the mainland, the largest and most suitable habitats occurred in the Northern Forest Complex of Myanmar and in the region between East Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam. In these areas we also highlighted the most important protected areas. In Borneo, the most suitable habitats occurred in the central highlands and in the protected areas of Sabah. In Sumatra, the strongholds of habitat suitability were the Barisan Mountains, in the western extent of the island, and, once again, existing protected areas. We also found that the aggregated habitat suitability for small felids was correlated more strongly to terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity than was any single felid species individually. Overall, our assessment of the distribution of small felids in Southeast Asia highlights the fundamental importance of protected areas for biodiversity conservation. Our results are a clarion call to expand the extent, and improve the conservation management, of protected areas in the remaining core habitat areas for multiple species in Southeast Asia, and to work to enhance and protect connectivity between them to ensure long-term demographic and genetic exchange among the region’s remaining wildlife populations.
SPL50 negatively regulates cell death and disease resistance in rice
Authors: Ruan Banpu , Wu Hui , Jiang Yaohuang , Qiu Jiehua , Chen Fei , Zhang Yanli , Qiao Yu , Tang Mingyue , Ma Yingying , Qian Qian , Wu Limin , Yu Yancun
Published: May 2024

The identification of spotted leaf 50 (spl50), a novel lesion mimic mutant (LMM) in rice, provides critical insights into the mechanisms underlying programmed cell death (PCD) and innate immunity in plants. Based on ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-induced mutagenesis, the spl50 mutant mimics hypersensitive responses in the absence of pathogen by displaying spontaneous necrotic lesions after the tillering phase. SPL50, an ARM repeat protein essential for controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and boosting resistance to blast disease, was identified by map-based cloning techniques. This work also demonstrates the detrimental effects of spl50 on photosynthetic efficiency and chloroplast development. The crucial significance of SPL50 in cellular signaling and stress response is shown by its localization to the cell membrane and constitutive expression in various plant tissues. Given increasing concerns about global food security, this research underscores the critical role of SPL50 in modulating PCD and fortifying the immune response, contributing to the development of strategies for enhancing crop disease resistance.
Optimization of AGV Sorting Systems in Pharmaceutical Distribution: A Two-Stage Package Assignment and Simulation Approach
Authors: baz Hicham El , Wang Yong , Yoon Sang Won , Jin Yu
Published: May 2024

Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) have played an important role in modern factories or warehouses, replacing traditional conveyor-based sorting systems due to their flexibility and scalability. However, existing works on AGV sorting systems primarily focus on improving performance from mechanical perspectives or network optimization for routing design. There is a lack of discussion on how to provide a holistic assignment strategy that considers not only the assignment at the sorting area but also the impact of traffic flow from upstream stations in the system. This study introduces a novel two-stage optimization model for AGV sorting systems in central fill pharmacies, implemented via a simulation-based heuristic algorithm. The methodology is based on a detailed analysis of the sorting system layout, assessing performance through key performance indicators (KPIs) such as throughput, utilization, and cycle time, complemented by a sensitivity analysis regarding the number of AGVs. Results demonstrate broad applicability across different automated systems, suggesting significant implications for operational efficiency.
Potential Pavement Market Food Waste Applications of Novel and Sustainable Nanomaterials – An Eco-Friendly Approach
Authors: Purushothaman Bharathi , Raj Dayana , Vijayan Karthikeyan
Published: May 2024

Due to unethical methods, market waste (waste of fruits and vegetables) is greatly increasing today. The main challenge with this waste is finding a way to get rid of it without harming the environment. In this study, these wastes can be used to make biofertilizers, which is an alternate and effective usage. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZON) catalyze this breakdown process to shorten the time it takes to occur. Chemical precipitation is used to make ZON, and it may be recognized by its distinctive nanostructural properties. This nanoparticle-infused biofertilizer is being evaluated for its effectiveness in strengthening crops. A study was conducted to evaluate the biofertilizer produced in terms of moisture content, pH, total solids, volatile solids, organic matter, electrical conductivity, nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium content. Lady's finger growth at regular intervals is used to measure the effectiveness of biofertilizer in field trials. Analyses using the SEM method revealed that the typical nanoparticle size ranged between 10 and 30 nm and was erratic. The number of blooming days, vegetable size, weight, and branch height were all taken into account to determine the biofertilizer's efficacy at frequent intervals of 15, 30, 45, and 60 days of growth. ZON was found to produce the highest yield when compared to ZON-free controls. A significant increase in plant yield of 30 to 40% was observed when comparing biofertilizer with ZON to biofertilizer without ZON, chemical fertilizer, and soil.
Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Winter PM2.5 in Hubei Province in Recent Ten Years and Constraints in Wuhan, based on CCM Exploration
Authors: Zheng Yige , You Hongen , Liu Yutong , Xiao Shangbin
Published: May 2024

Under the influence of meteorological conditions such as atmospheric circu-lation and topographic conditions, regional transport of PM2.5 occurs and affects air quality. In this paper, the causal relationship between PM2.5 concentrations in other prefectural cities in Hubei Province, China and Wuhan was empirically investigated by using the Convergent Cross Mapping (CCM) with air quality monitoring data from the winter of 2015 to the winter of 2023 in each city in Hubei Province. It is found that there is a significant nonlinear weak coupling between PM2.5 concentrations in other prefectures in Hubei Province and Wuhan, and four groups of PM2.5 concentrations are causally correlated with each other with medium and strong correlations based on the 0.2 significance level test. Combined with the atmospheric circulation analysis, the regional transmission speed and direction of PM2.5 are affected by seasons.
Picosecond acoustics on iron and nickel in an internal-resistive- heated diamond anvil cell to 50 GPa and 2000 K
Authors: Nagaya Yoshihiro , Yagi Takashi , Ebina Ryoto , Hirose Kei , Kodama Manabu , Hirai Shuichiro , Ohta Kenji
Published: May 2024

We have determined the longitudinal wave velocity (VP) of iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) up to 50 GPa and 2040 K by combining picosecond acoustics and internal-resistive-heated diamond anvil cell (DAC) techniques. The high pressure–temperature VP of Fe obtained in this study are in good agreement with those previously determined by synchrotron inelastic X-ray scattering experiments. We modeled the density, temperature, and composition dependence of the VP in the Fe-Ni alloy system based on the existing data set. We found that solid Fe alloys cannot match the geophysically inferred density-VP pairs of the lunar inner core, suggesting either its absence or its anelastic relaxation. Picosecond acoustics combined with an internal-resistive-heated DAC, a technique developed for the first time in this study, will play an important role in measuring the elastic wave velocity of Fe-based alloys under terrestrial core conditions and thus constraining their chemical compositions.
Visual simulation of opal using bond percolation through the weighted Voronoi diagram and the Ewald construction
Authors: Yokota Soma , Fujishiro Issei
Published: May 2024

Opal, a renowned gemstone, exhibits an optical phenomenon known as ''play of color,'' which is classified as a kind of structural color. This unique property makes opal a highly valuable material from the natural science, industry, and humanity perspectives. Opal has a complex internal structure called colloidal polycrystalline, and thus, representations of opal remain unestablished in computer graphics. In this study, to approximate the complex internal structure of opal, we imitate its formation process using the three-dimensional additively weighted Voronoi tessellation and percolation model. Further, we apply path tracing to compute the diffraction patterns of visible light inside opal by utilizing the Ewald construction employed in X-ray diffraction theory. Finally, we achieve a visually plausible output through spectral rendering.
Study of Brazilian native wood 'Caryocar villosum' rolling shear properties to produce CLT panels.
Authors: Criado Tayla Castilho , Molina Julio Cesar , Silva João Vítor Felippe , Silva Maria Fernanda Felippe , Dias Antonio Alves
Published: May 2024

The utilization of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) in construction has surged for its sustainable nature and structural efficiency. However, existing research predominantly focuses on CLT production using softwood species, neglecting the potential of utilizing hardwoods. This study investigated rolling shear strength (frs) and stiffness (Grs) 3-layer CLT elements made from Pequiá ("Caryocar villosum"). Experimental shear (vertical and inclined) and bending tests were conducted on different samples of specimens. Complementing the experimental work, numerical simulations using ABAQUS software were employed. Results indicated similar average resistances (frs) across different tests. The higher average stiffness (Grs) was observed in vertical shear compared to inclined shear tests. The vertical shear test was deemed more suitable for determining stiffness. Furthermore, the panel’s average stiffness was found to be greater than the beam’s average stiffness. An analytical equation was developed for the three-layer panel, and it was effective in estimating the rolling shear stiffness from bending tests. Additionally, numerical modeling successfully identified the regions of highest stress concentration, where ruptures occurred in the samples tested experimentally. These ruptures mainly occurred due to the concentration of shear stresses in the central layer of the CLT samples, with the contribution of normal compression and tensile stresses.
Estimation of uncertainties in the density driven flow in fractured porous media using MLMC
Authors: Logashenko Dmitry , Litvinenko Alexander , Tempone Raul , Wittum Gabriel
Published: May 2024

We use the Multi Level Monte Carlo method to estimate uncertainties in a Henry-like salt water intrusion problem with a fracture. The flow is induced by the variation of the density of the fluid phase, which depends on the mass fraction of salt. We assume that the fracture has a known fixed location but an uncertain aperture. Other input uncertainties are the porosity and permeability fields and the recharge. In our setting, porosity and permeability vary spatially and recharge is time-dependent. For each realisation of these uncertain parameters, the evolution of the mass fraction and pressure fields is modelled by a system of non-linear and time-dependent PDEs with a jump of the solution at the fracture. The uncertainties propagate into the distribution of the salt concentration, which is an important characteristic of the quality of water resources. We show that the multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) method is able to reduce the overall computational cost compared to classical Monte Carlo methods. This is achieved by balancing discretisation and statistical errors. Multiple scenarios are evaluated at different spatial and temporal mesh levels. The deterministic solver ug4 is run in parallel to calculate all stochastic scenarios.
Integrating Multi-Agent Systems in AI: A Framework Inspired by Physiology for Complex System Design
Authors: Chen Ching Han , Shiu Ming Fang
Published: May 2024

This study explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) through a Multi-Agent System (MAS), utilizing autonomous networks to implement a novel framework demonstrated in a navigation system for the visually impaired. It capitalizes on MAS's scalability and robustness, employing a holonic, recursive agent structure inspired by physiological systems for efficient modeling. The framework facilitates intelligent agent integration and utilizes MQTT and DDS for critical data exchange. Structured in five sections, the paper discusses design, experimental validation, and results, highlighting MAS's potential to enhance distributed intelligent systems across various sectors.