bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aloe-emodin inhibits African swine fever virus replication by promoting apoptosis via regulating NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Luo Yizhuo , Yang Yunlong , Wang Wenru , Gao Qi , Gong Ting , Feng Yongzhi , Wu Dongdong , Zheng Xiaoyu , Zhang Guihong , Wang Heng
Published: July 2023

African swine fever (ASF) is an acute infectious haemorrhagic fever of pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Aloe-emodin (Ae) is an active ingredient of Chinese herbs with antiviral, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the antiviral activity and mechanism of action of Ae against ASFV using Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), western blotting, and indirect immunofluorescence assays. Ae significantly inhibited ASFV replication. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed that ASFV infection activated the NF-κB signaling pathway in the early stage and the apoptosis pathway in the late stage. Ae significantly downregulated the expression levels of MyD88, phosphor-NF-κB p65, and pIκB proteins as well as the mRNA levels of IL-1β and IL-8 in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) infected with ASFV, thereby inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway induced by ASFV. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis revealed that Ae significantly increased the percentage of ASFV-induced apoptotic cells. Additionally, Ae promoted apoptosis by upregulating the expression levels of cleaved-caspase3 and Bax proteins and downregulating the expression levels of Bcl-2 proteins. This suggests that Ae promotes apoptosis by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, resulting in inhibition of ASFV replication. These findings have further improved therapeutic reserves for the prevention and treatment of ASF.
Relationship between C2 slope with sagittal parameters and clinical function of degenerative cervical kyphosis
Authors: Chai Zihao , Yang Xiaolu , Lu Haitao , Zhai Yunlei , Zhang Wei , Yu Haiyang
Published: July 2023

Purpose

To explore the relationship between C2 slope with sagittal parameters and clinical function of degenerative cervical kyphosis (DCK).

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 127 patients with degenerative cervical spondylosis treated in our spinal deformity center from January 2019 to June 2022. Patients were categorized into two groups and compared based on C2-7 angle (C2-7 ≥ 5° as kyphosis group, C2-7 < 5° as lordosis group). Pearson correlation or Spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between C2S and conventional radiological parameters and health -related quality-of-life (HRQOL) outcomes as measured by the EuroQol 5 dimension questionnaire (EQ5D), NRS, and the neck disability index (NDI). The cutoff value of C2S was determined by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results

There were 127 patients who met inclusion criteria (79 men and 48 women). Average 56.00 ± 10.27 years old (range 31–81 years old). C2S of kyphosis group is higher than non-kyphosis group. Aggravating cervical kyphosis increases cSVA positively. For all patients, C2S demonstrated a significant correlation with the O-C2 angle, C2-7 angle, cSVA, and TS-CL (p < 0.05). NRS, NDI and EQ5D-VAS scores revealed a significant correlation with C2S and cSVA (p < 0.01). For the subgroup of patients presenting with DCK, ROC curves demonstrated the cutoff values of C2S as 26.3°, and 30.5°, according to a cSVA of 40 mm, and severe disability expressed by NDI, respectively.

Conclusion

On the basis of retaining the consistency of cranio-cervical and cervico-thoracic structure, C2S can better analyze the sagittal alignment of DCK patients than TS-CL and has good practicability in clinical application and HRQOL evaluation.
Thalassemia and hemoglobinopathy prevalence in a community-based sample in Sylhet, Bangladesh
Authors: Wendt Amanda S. , Brintrup Joaquin , Waid Jillian L. , Kader Abdul , Lambrecht Nathalie J. , Gabrysch Sabine
Published: July 2023

Background

Inherited blood disorders affect 7% of the population worldwide, with higher prevalences in countries in the “thalassemia belt,” which includes Bangladesh. Clinical management options for severely affected individuals are expensive; thus, targeted government policies are needed to support prevention and treatment programs. In Bangladesh, there is a lack of data, in particular community-based estimates, to determine population prevalence. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of a wide range of hemoglobinopathies and their associations with anemia in a community-based sample of women and young children in rural Sylhet, Bangladesh.

Methods

Capillary blood samples from 900 reproductive-aged women and 395 children (aged 6–37 months) participating in the Food and Agricultural Approaches to Reducing Malnutrition (FAARM) trial in two sub-districts of Habiganj, Sylhet Division, Bangladesh were analyzed for alpha thalassemia, beta thalassemia, and other hemoglobinopathies. We examined the association of each inherited blood disorder with hemoglobin concentration and anemia using linear and logistic regression.

Results

We identified at least one inherited blood disorder in 11% of women and 10% of children. Alpha thalassemia was most prevalent, identified in 7% of women and 5% of children, followed by beta thalassemia and hemoglobin E in 2–3%. We also identified cases of hemoglobin S and hemoglobin D in this population. Having any of the identified inherited blood disorders was associated with lower hemoglobin values among non-pregnant women, largely driven by alpha and beta thalassemia. Pregnant women with beta thalassemia were also more likely to have lower hemoglobin concentrations. Among children, we found weak evidence for a relationship between hemoglobinopathy and lower hemoglobin concentrations.

Conclusions

We found a high prevalence of alpha thalassemia among both women and children in rural Sylhet, Bangladesh–higher than all other identified hemoglobinopathies combined. Community-based estimates of alpha thalassemia prevalence in Bangladesh are scarce, yet our findings suggest that alpha thalassemia may comprise the majority of inherited blood disorders in some regions of the country. We recommend that future research on inherited blood disorders in Bangladesh include estimates of alpha thalassemia in their reporting for public health awareness and to facilitate couples  counseling.
Green microwave quantum dots as luminescent probes for quantifying prucalopride: consistency of content and application to pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Salman Baher I.
Published: July 2023

Prucalopride (PCP) is a medication used for the management of constipation via regulating bowel motions. PCP is widely used all over the world. So, novel, rapid, and highly sensitive carbon dots N-CQDs were obtained fromEruca Sativajuice via microwave approach in 4 min. The luminescence power of N-CQDs was declined by the increasing prucalopride concentration at emission 518 nm with linearity ranged from 3.00 to 200.00 ng mL−1. The luminescent antecedent was utilized for the test of PCP in human plasma with the rate of recovery extending from 95.06 to 98.40%. The new technique is an eco-friendly analytical method that can be easily applied in clinical laboratories. This assay is also simple, sensitive, and applied to therapeutic laboratories and subsequent pharmacokinetic studies in several clinical laboratories. Furthermore, the N-CQDs nano-sensor was able to distinguish the target drug from interferents commonly found in human plasma, indicating its high specificity and selectivity for PCP detection.
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum enables blood urate control in mice through degradation of nucleosides in gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Li Mengfan , Wu Xiaoling , Guo Zewang , Gao Ruichen , Ni Zifu , Cui Hualing , Zong Minhua , Van Bockstaele Filip , Lou Wenyong
Published: July 2023

Background

Lactobacillus species in gut microbiota shows great promise in alleviation of metabolic diseases. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of how Lactobacillus interacts with metabolites in circulation. Here, using high nucleoside intake to induce hyperuricemia in mice, we investigated the improvement in systemic urate metabolism by oral administration of L. plantarum via different host pathways.

Results

Gene expression analysis demonstrated that L. plantarum inhibited the activity of xanthine oxidase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase in liver to suppress urate synthesis. The gut microbiota composition did not dramatically change by oral administration of L. plantarum over 14 days, indicated by no significant difference in α and β diversities. However, multi-omic network analysis revealed that increase of L. plantarum and decrease of L. johnsonii contributed to a decrease in serum urate levels. Besides, genomic analysis and recombinant protein expression showed that three ribonucleoside hydrolases, RihA–C, in L. plantarum rapidly and cooperatively catalyzed the hydrolysis of nucleosides into nucleobases. Furthermore, the absorption of nucleobase by intestinal epithelial cells was less than that of nucleoside, which resulted in a reduction of urate generation, evidenced by the phenomenon that mice fed with nucleobase diet generated less serum urate than those fed with nucleoside diet over a period of 9-day gavage.

Conclusion

Collectively, our work provides substantial evidence identifying the specific role of L. plantarum in improvement of urate circulation. We highlight the importance of the enzymes RihA–C existing in L. plantarum for the urate metabolism in hyperuricemia mice induced by a high-nucleoside diet. Although the direct connection between nucleobase transport and host urate levels has not been identified, the lack of nucleobase transporter in intestinal epithelial cells might be important to decrease its absorption and metabolization for urate production, leading to the decrease of serum urate in host. These findings provide important insights into urate metabolism regulation.
Using homemade stainless steel dendrometer band for long term tree growth measurements
Authors: Cheng Chih-Hsin , Lee Pei-Chen , Lee Hong-Rue , Chen Chiou-Pin , Menyailo Oleg V.
Published: July 2023

Dendrometer bands have been proposed as an accurate method for measuring tree growth. However, the constrained observation window and the material used in them hamper long-term tree growth monitoring. This study devised a dendrometer band made from stainless steel and primarily extended the extension length of the band spring to yield ample space to monitor diameter increments long-term. A total of more than 500 individual trees, including both coniferous and broadleaf trees, were examined. We compared the dendrometer band’s long-term performance with diameter tape for 5- and 10-year measurements. The results showed that the measurements of the two methods were highly correlated (R > 0.89) in both measuring periods. Differences between the two measurements for individual trees were typically less than 5 mm, and the mean differences at a stand level were less than 2 mm. These consistent observations suggested that the dendrometer band measurements were reliable for long-term measurement. Using the dendrometer bands, we further demonstrated the annual tree growths of diameter at breast height (DBH) and basal area (BA) for ten years of measurements. The size-dependent relationships between DBH/BA growth and initial DBH were also presented. Owing to their simple installation, low cost, and reliable measurement, these dendrometer bands would be helpful in forestry and forest ecology research.
The contribution of epiphytic microbiota in oat and Italian ryegrass to silage fermentation products and bacterial community structure of whole-crop maize
Authors: Wang Siran , Hu Shiwei , Dong Zhihao , Li Junfeng , Zhao Jie , Nazar Mudasir , Kaka Niaz Ali , Shao Tao
Published: July 2023

Background

The purpose of this research is to study the contribution of epiphytic microbiota in fresh oat (OT), Italian ryegrass (IR) and whole-crop maize (MZ) to silage fermentation products and bacterial community structure of MZ. After γ-ray irradiation, the sterile MZ was treated via microbiota transplantation method: (1) sterile deionized water (STMZ); (2) microbiota epiphytic on MZ (MZMZ); (3) microbiota epiphytic on OT (MZOT); (4) microbiota epiphytic on IR (MZIR). Triplicate silos of each treatment were tested after 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days of ensiling.

Results

MZMZ had higher (P < 0.05) lactic acid contents, and lower (P < 0.05) ammonia nitrogen and ethanol contents than MZIR and MZOT on day 60. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus in MZMZ decreased from 84.0% on day 3 to 44.7% on day 60. MZMZ had higher (P < 0.05) abundances of ‘Nucleotide metabolism’, ‘Replication and repair’ and ‘Membrane transport’, and lower (P < 0.05) abundance of ‘Amino acid metabolism’ than MZOT and MZIR on day 3.

Conclusions

The silage fermentation products of MZ were highly affected by the activity and compositions of epiphytic microbiota. The Enterobacteriaceae, Hafnia-Obesumbacterium, hetero-fermentative and acid-resistant Lactobacillus took primary responsibility for the high dry matter loss and ethanol contents and low lactic acid contents in MZ silage.

Graphical Abstract
Oral health of adolescents in West Africa: prioritizing its social determinants
Authors: Shomuyiwa Deborah Oluwaseun , Bridge Gemma
Published: July 2023

Oral health is a major public health issue in West Africa, yet it has gotten little attention. Individual and group disparities in health status are influenced by social determinants of health (SDH), which also affect oral health. Adolescence is a significant transition into adulthood, a time when the SDH can contribute to lifelong health status. This article explored the SDH associated with oral health behaviour, perception, and oral health development amongst adolescents in West Africa. This article engaged articles published in peer-reviewed journals relating to adolescents' oral health and West Africa. The authors undertook this desk review to determine the social determinants of adolescents' oral health in West Africa. The literacy levels and oral health awareness of adolescents, family and social circle influences, socioeconomic status, nutritional levels, and cultural and environmental factors have been identified as important social determinants. Adequate policy implementation with the integration of oral health in schools' curriculum, health systems reorientation with the adoption of oral health delivery in primary health care and expansion in oral health research with the assessment of cultural influences on oral health development have been recommended as interventions to reduce oral health inequalities in West Africa.
Bone biopsies guided by augmented reality: a pilot study
Authors: Albano Domenico , Messina Carmelo , Gitto Salvatore , Chianca Vito , Sconfienza Luca Maria
Published: July 2023

Purpose

To test the technical feasibility of an augmented reality (AR) navigation system to guide bone biopsies.

Methods

We enrolled patients subjected to percutaneous computed tomography (CT)-guided bone biopsy using a novel AR navigation system. Data from prospectively enrolled patients (AR group) were compared with data obtained retrospectively from previous standard CT-guided bone biopsies (control group). We evaluated the following: procedure duration, number of CT passes, patient’s radiation dose (dose-length product), complications, and specimen adequacy. Technical success was defined as the ability to complete the procedure as planned, reaching the target center. Technical efficacy was assessed evaluating specimen adequacy.

Results

Eight patients (4 males) aged 58 ± 24 years (mean ± standard deviation) were enrolled in the AR group and compared with 8 controls (4 males) aged 60 ± 15 years. No complications were observed. Procedure duration, number of CT passes, and radiation dose were 22 ± 5 min, 4 (median) [4, 6 interquartile range] and 1,034 ± 672 mGy*cm for the AR group and 23 ± 5 min, 9 [7.75, 11.25], and 1,954 ± 993 mGy*cm for controls, respectively. No significant differences were observed for procedure duration (p = 0.878). Conversely, number of CT passes and radiation doses were significantly lower for the AR group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.021, respectively). Technical success and technical efficacy were 100% for both groups.

Conclusions

This AR navigation system is safe, feasible, and effective; it can decrease radiation exposure and number of CT passes during bone biopsies without increasing duration time.

Relevance statement

This augmented reality (AR) navigation system is a safe and feasible guidance for bone biopsies; it may ensure a decrease in the number of CT passes and patient’s radiation dose.

Key points

• This AR navigation system is a safe guidance for bone biopsies.

• It ensures decrease of number of CT passes and patient’s radiation exposure.

• Procedure duration was similar to that of standard CT-guided biopsy.

• Technical success was 100% as in all patients the target was reached.

• Technical efficacy was 100% as the specimen was adequate in all patients.

Graphical Abstract
Comparison of anti-spike IgG, anti-spike IgA levels and neutralizing antibody activity induced by CoronaVac and BNT162b2 vaccines in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases receiving immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Cosan Fulya , Demirel Ozlem Unay , Yalcin Demet , Sonkaya Muhammed Mert , Uluisik Isilsu Ezgi , Cecen Olida , Furuncuoglu Yavuz , Celikmen Deniz Maktav , Kara Osman , Ceylan Erkan , Avsar Timucin
Published: July 2023

Background

The importance of COVID-19 vaccination for patients on immunosuppressive (IS) medication has increased due to the high risk of severe disease or mortality. Different vaccines have varying efficacy rates against symptomatic COVID-19, ranging from 46.8% to 95%. The objective of this study was to examine the differences in anti-Spike IgG, anti-Spike IgA, and neutralizing antibody (NAb) activity between the inactive CoronaVac vaccine and the mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine in IS patients.

Method

A total of 441 volunteers, including 104 IS patients, 263 healthy controls (HC), who received two doses of CoronaVac or BNT162b2, and 74 unvaccinated patients with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, were included in the study. Anti-spike IgG, IgA, and NAb activity were investigated.

Results

Immunogenicity with BNT162b2 was higher than with CoronaVac, but in IS groups, it was lower than HC (CoronaVac-IS: 79.3%, CoronaVac-HC: 96.5%, p < 0.001; BNT162b2-IS: 91.3%, BNT162b2-HC: 100%, p = 0.005). With CoronaVac, anti-Spike IgG levels were significantly lower than BNT162b2 (CoronaVac-IS: 234.5AU/mL, CoronaVac-HC: 457.85AU/mL; BNT162b2-IS: 5311.2AU/mL, BNT162b2-HC: 8842.8AU/mL). NAb activity in the BNT162b2 group was significantly higher. NAb and anti-Spike IgG levels were found to be correlated. Among the IS group, a significantly lower response to the vaccines was observed when using rituximab. IgA levels were found to be lower with CoronaVac.

Conclusions

Although immunogenicity was lower in IS patients, an acceptable response was obtained with both vaccines, and significantly higher anti-Spike IgG, anti-Spike IgA, and NAb activity levels were obtained with BNT162b2.
COVID-19-associated MRSA infective endocarditis and mitral valve perforation: a case report
Authors: Khedr Anwar , Hassan Esraa Mamdouh , Hennawi Hussam Al , Jama Abbas Bashir , Khan Muhammad Khuzzaim , Mir Mikael , Eissa Aalaa , Rauf Ibtisam , Mushtaq Hisham , Jain Nitesh Kumar , Subla Mir Rauf , Surani Salim , Khan Syed Anjum
Published: July 2023

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global pandemic, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The interplay between COVID-19 and other medical conditions can complicate diagnosis and management, necessitating further exploration.

Case presentation

This case report presents a patient with COVID-19 who developed infective endocarditis (IE) and mitral valve perforation caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on a native mitral valve. Notably, the patient did not exhibit typical IE risk factors, such as intravenous drug use. However, he did possess risk factors for bacteremia, including a history of diabetes mellitus and recent steroid use due to the COVID-19 infection. The diagnosis of IE was crucially facilitated by transesophageal echocardiography.

Conclusions

This case highlights the potential association between COVID-19 and the development of infective endocarditis. Prompt evaluation using transesophageal echocardiography is vital when there is a high suspicion of IE in COVID-19 patients. Further research is required to elucidate the precise relationship between COVID-19 and IE.
Teaching Airway Management Using Virtual Reality: A Scoping Review
Authors: Duffy Caoimhe C. , Bass Gary A. , Yi William , Rouhi Armaun , Kaplan Lewis J. , O’Sullivan Ellen
Published: July 2023

Airway management, a defined procedural and cognitive skillset embracing routine tracheal intubation and emergency airway rescue, is most often acquired through an apprenticeship model of opportunistic learning during anesthesia or acute care residency training. This training engages a host of modalities to teach and embed skill sets but is generally time- and location-constrained. Virtual reality (VR)-based simulation training offers the potential for reproducible and asynchronous skill acquisition and maintenance, an advantage that may be important with restricted trainee work hours and low frequency but high-risk events. In the absence of a formal curriculum from training bodies—or expert guidance from medical professional societies—local initiatives have filled the VR training void in an unstructured fashion. We undertook a scoping review to explore current VR-based airway management training programs to assess their approach, outcomes, and technologies to discover programming gaps. English-language publications addressing any aspect of VR simulation training for airway management were identified across PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. Relevant articles were used to craft a scoping review conforming to the Scale for quality Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) best-practice guidance. Fifteen studies described VR simulation programs to teach airway management skills, including flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopic intubation (n = 10), direct laryngoscopy (n = 2), and emergency cricothyroidotomy (n = 1). All studies were single institution initiatives and all reported different protocols and end points using bespoke applications of commercial technology or homegrown technologic solutions. VR-based simulation for airway management currently occurs outside of a formal curriculum structure, only for specific skill sets, and without a training pathway for educators. Medical educators with simulation training and medical professional societies with content expertise have the opportunity to develop consensus guidelines that inform training curricula as well as specialty technology use.
Θεσμοί εξαιρετικού δικαίου στη ρεπουμπλικανική Ρώμη
Authors: Φασνάκης Νικόλαος
Published: July 2023

Η διδακτορική διατριβή πραγματεύεται τους θεσμούς του iustitium και του senatus consultum ultimum δίνοντας έμφαση στη λειτουργία τους στον δημόσιο βίο, στις πολιτικές εξελίξεις τις οποίες προκάλεσαν και στον αντίκτυπο που είχαν στη διαμόρφωση του ρωμαϊκού πολιτεύματος. Η διατριβή αποτελείται από εισαγωγή, επτά κεφάλαια διαρθρωμένα σε τρία μέρη, εκτενές κεφάλαιο συμπερασμάτων και βιβλιογραφία. Το πρώτο μέρος είναι αφιερωμένο στη θεωρητική προσέγγιση των έκτακτων μέτρων που εφαρμόζονταν στη Ρώμη την εποχή της Respublica. Στο δεύτερο μέρος γίνεται εξαντλητική συζήτηση όλων των περιπτώσεων εφαρμογής του iustitium, ενώ στο τρίτο μέρος αναλύονται όλες οι περιπτώσεις εφαρμογής του Senatus Consultum Ultimum. Τέλος στο κεφάλαιο των συμπερασμάτων ανακεφαλαιώνονται και αναπτύσσονται περαιτέρω τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας τα οποία εξειδικεύονται στις εξής ενότητες: Η τελολογική διάσταση του Iustitium και του Senatus Consultum Ultimum: το ουσιαστικό διακύβευμα· το θέμα του Imperium σε σχέση με τις καταστάσεις εξαίρεσης· η σχέση του υπατικού imperium με τη συγκλητική auctoritas· ο χαρακτήρας των πράξεων που διαπράττονται κατά τη διάρκεια του Iustitium και τέλος, το ακανθώδες ζήτημα των ενεργειών που σχετίζονται με το Senatus Consultum Ultimum.
How to cross the line: design principles for interdisciplinary education
Authors: Oudenampsen Jessica , Das Enny , Blijlevens Nicole , van de Pol Marjolein
Published: July 2023

Background: Interdisciplinary learning is gaining popularity in higher education worldwide. Currently, knowledge about how to appropriately design interdisciplinary education is still lacking. The current study presents the iterative development, pilot, and implementation of an interdisciplinary course in healthcare communication.

Methods: We used a design-based educational research approach in four phases to construct the program. In phase 1, we conducted a narrative review of the literature and distilled several prerequisites for interdisciplinary learning. In phase 2, we implemented two pilot courses with a focus on the content and the interdisciplinary context of the course. In research phase 3, we implemented the course during three consecutive years, with yearly evaluations of the course. In phase 4, we distilled design principles based on evaluation and reflection of the previous research phases.

Results: We elaborate on the various components of the design itself. Furthermore, using data from surveys, panel discussions and interviews, we reflect on the content and outcomes of the interdisciplinary course.

We propose seven evidence-informed ‘crossing the line’ design principles for future interdisciplinary education.

Conclusions: The developed design principles pertain to interdisciplinary education in general and transcend subject-specific boundaries. The design principles are applicable in a wide range of higher education disciplines.
Achieving Efficiency in Black-Box Simulation of Distribution Tails with Self-Structuring Importance Samplers
Authors: Deo Anand , Murthy Karthyek
Published: July 2023

Scalable and efficient importance sampling for managing tail risks

As the models employed in the realm of risk analytics and optimization become increasingly sophisticated, it is crucial that risk management tools, such as variance reduction techniques, that are typically designed for stylized models on a case by case basis evolve to scale well and gain broader applicability. In the paper titled “Achieving efficiency in black-box simulation of distribution tails with self-structuring importance samplers,” the authors take a step toward this goal by introducing a novel importance sampling scheme for estimating tail risks of objectives modeled with a diverse range of tools, including linear programs, integer linear programs, feature maps specified with neural networks, etc. Instead of explicitly tailoring the change of distribution for each specific model, as conventionally done, the paper identifies an elementary transformation of the samples. This transformation, when applied alike across a wide variety of models, yields a near-optimal reduction in variance for estimating/optimizing over tail expectations.
Abundance and distribution of microplastics in seawater, sediment, and macroalgae sea grapes Caulerpa racemosa from Semak Daun Island, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia
Authors: PATRIA MUFTI PETALA , KHOLIS NOER , ANGGREINI DIAN , BUYONG FAEIZA
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Patria MP, Kholis N, Anggreini D, Buyong F. 2023. Abundance and distribution of microplastics in seawater, sediment, and macroalgae sea grapes Caulerpa racemosa from Semak Daun Island, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3424-3430. Microplastic pollution in marine ecosystems poses a significant global concern, specifically regarding the security of food derived from the sea. Macroalgae, as a food source from the sea, can be susceptible to contamination by microplastics. This research assessed the abundance and forms of microplastics in macroalgae sea grapes (Caulerpa racemosa (Forssk.) J.Agardh) collected from Semak Daun Island within the Seribu Island National Park. Additionally, the impact of washing and stirring on microplastic abundance was examined in macroalgae. The average number of microplastics and their identification showed that the washed, stirred, and NaOH-treated macroalgae samples contained an average abundance of 3.28±0.31 particles/g, 5.06±0.59 particles/g, and 2.0±0.81 particles/g, respectively. Furthermore, microplastics were detected in seawater and sediment samples, with an average abundance of 8.2±2.19 particles/L and 15,200±4,932 particles/Kg, respectively. Fragmented microplastics were the predominant form in macroalgae, while fibrous microplastics dominated seawater and sediment samples. Significant differences were observed between the washed and stirred samples (p = 0.009), where the stirred sample exhibited a higher reduction percentage. Microplastics in edible macroalgae indicated the potential hazards of exposure and subsequent accumulation in the human body.
Genetic diversity of bigeye thresher shark (Alopias superciliosus Lowe, 1841) landed in Palabuhanratu Fishing Port, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: KANEDI MEUTHIA MAHARANI , WIJAYANTI DIAH PERMATA , WIDOWATI ITA , AL MALIK MUHAMMAD DANIE , YUSMALINDA NI LUH ASTRIA , SEMBIRING ANDRIANUS
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Kanedi MM, Wijayanti DP, Widowati I, Malik MDA, Yusmalinda NLA, Sembiring A. 2023. Genetic diversity of bigeye thresher shark (Alopias superciliosus Lowe, 1841) landed in Palabuhanratu Fishing Port, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3488-3494. The bigeye thresher shark Alopias superciliosus (Lowe, 1841) is a highly migratory marine shark, widely distributed globally in tropical and temperate seas. The bigeye thresher shark is listed as a Vulnerable/VU species on the red list of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and listed on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Genetics is a substantial essential approach to conservation, management, and sustainability. This study investigates the bigeye thresher shark’s genetic diversity and structure populations A. superciliosus that landed in Palabuhanratu Fishing Port, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. Samples were collected in Palabuhanratu (n=16) and secondary data from the Atlantic Ocean (n=212) and Indian Ocean (n=16) sequences were obtained from GenBank. A total of 16 sequences of A. superciliosus have been amplified using mitochondrial DNA control region (dloop) with 857 bp in size sequenced. The Genetic diversity result showed haplotype diversity value in Palabuhanratu (Hd=0.86667; ?=0.01048) considered a high value. Overall, AMOVA and FST results showed significant differences in population structure between Palabuhanratu, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean with an FST value of 0.04420 (p-value <0.05). Based on the result, an effective strategy is needed to manage A. superciliosus sharks, both with the government and the private sector.
Long-infrared dual-wavelength linear-polarization-multiplexed confocal metalens based on an all-silicon dielectric
Authors: Xu Ping , Li Xiongchao , Yang Tuo , Xiao Yufei , Cheng Xin , Lou Fei , Zhang Xuanming , Huang Haixuan , Zhang Xulin , Wang Mengyu , Xu Haidong , Yuan Xia
Published: July 2023

The metalens has vast applications in biomedicine and industrial manufacturing due to their ultrathin structure and vital ability to manipulate the properties of light waves for long-infrared systems. However, it is difficult for metalens to achieve the confocal function with high focusing efficiency, wide wavelength bandwidth, and low structural complexity. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an all-silicon dielectric metalens composed of arrays of minimalist meta-atoms with a single rectangular nanopillar arranged on a periodic square lattice substrate, which realizes the confocal function of the orthogonal-linear-polarized light with wavelengths of 10.6 µm and 9.3 µm, with focusing efficiencies of 64.94% and 60.03%, respectively. Also, it reveals nearly the diffraction-limited focusing performance. In addition, the metalens can realize precise long-infrared thermal imaging. Moreover, the proposed metalens is compatible with the standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor processes, which can effectively reduce the manufacturing cost and provide a feasible solution for developing planar integrated multifunctional micro-nanophotonic devices in the long-infrared field.
Real-time evolution dynamics during transitions between different dissipative soliton states in a single fiber laser
Authors: Xu Shutao , Zeng Junjie , Sander Michelle Y.
Published: July 2023

Various dissipative soliton solutions exist in the parameter space of mode-locked fiber lasers, including both coherent and incoherent pulses. Novel ultrafast laser designs can lead to distinctive dissipative soliton solutions formed by unique pulse shaping dynamics in the same cavity. However, transitionary states in between steady-state mode-locked regimes remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the intermediate transition dynamics in a versatile Tm-doped fiber laser capable of emitting both dissipative solitons with anomalous-dispersion and normal-dispersion pulse-shaping mechanisms by adjusting an intracavity polarization controller. Real-time pulse dynamics during mode-locking transitions are analyzed with a modified dispersive Fourier transform setup, illustrating characteristic pulse shaping mechanisms typically reserved for different dispersion regimes. Combined with a spectral intensity correlation analysis, the coherence evolution between two distinct mode-locked states is fully resolved for the first time.
Two-dimensional vortex dipole solitons in nonlocal nonlinearity with PT-symmetric Scarff-II potential
Authors: Chen Peijun , Wang Hong
Published: July 2023

We investigate the dynamics and stability of two-dimensional (2D) vortex dipole solitons in nonlocal nonlinearity with PT-symmetric Scarff-II potential. We analyze the solitons with single charge and higher-order charge using analytical and numerical methods. By the variational approach, we can obtain analytical solutions for the model. It is found that the nonlocality degree affects the evolution of the beams. We discover that the vortex dipole solitons will undergo stable deformation rather than maintaining their basic profile when the nonlocality is strong. Moreover, the stability of the vortex dipole solitons depends on the potential depth and there exists a threshold, below which the beams can keep their shapes and propagate stably whether the nonlocality is weak, intermediate, or strong. Numerical simulations are consistent with the analytical results.
High energy, high pulse rate laser operation using crystalline adhesive-free bonded Yb:YAG slabs
Authors: De Vido Mariastefania , Jonathan Phillips P. , Meissner David , Meissner Stephanie , Quinn Gary , Banerjee Saumyabrata , Divoky Martin , Mason Paul D.
Published: July 2023

We report on the successful amplification of 10 ns pulses to 10 J energy at 10 Hz in a DiPOLE laser amplifier using crystalline Yb:YAG/Cr:YAG composite slabs manufactured using adhesive-free bonding (AFB) technology. We demonstrate that bonded slabs are suitable for operation in high energy cryogenic laser amplifiers. We also report on frequency doubling of the beam amplified in the bonded slabs. When the pulse energy of the output infrared beam is set to 5 J, a pulse energy of 3.9 J is achieved in the green (corresponding to 78% conversion efficiency). Results demonstrate that AFB technology is suitable for producing large-sized gain material slabs and can overcome current limitations in the manufacture of large-aperture gain material pieces. We believe this work will facilitate energy scaling of high energy lasers where aperture scaling of optical elements is not achievable via conventional manufacturing techniques.
The association of SARS-CoV-2 infection and tuberculosis disease with unfavorable treatment outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Vadlamudi Nirma Khatri , Basham C. Andrew , Johnston James C. , Ahmad Khan Faiz , Battista Migliori Giovanni , Centis Rosella , D’Ambrosio Lia , Jassat Waasila , Davies Mary-Ann , Schwartzman Kevin , Campbell Jonathon R.
Published: July 2023

Background

Whether SARS-CoV-2 infection and its management influence tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes is uncertain. We synthesized evidence on the association of SARS-CoV-2 coinfection (Coinfection Review) and its management (Clinical Management Review) on treatment outcomes among people with tuberculosis (TB) disease.

Methods

We systematically searched the literature from 1 January 2020 to 6 February 2022. Primary outcomes included: unfavorable (death, treatment failure, loss-to-follow-up) TB treatment outcomes (Coinfection and Clinical Management Review) and/or severe or critical COVID-19 or death (Clinical Management Review). Study quality was assessed with an adapted Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Data were heterogeneous and a narrative review was performed. An updated search was performed on April 3, 2023.

Findings

From 9,529 records, we included 11 studies and 7305 unique participants. No study reported data relevant to our review in their primary publication and data had to be contributed by study authors after contact. Evidence from all studies was low quality. Eight studies of 5749 persons treated for TB (286 [5%] with SARS-CoV-2) were included in the Coinfection Review. Across five studies reporting our primary outcome, there was no significant association between SARS-CoV-2 coinfection and unfavorable TB treatment outcomes. Four studies of 1572 TB patients—of whom 291 (19%) received corticosteroids or other immunomodulating treatment—were included in the Clinical Management Review, and two addressed a primary outcome. Studies were likely confounded by indication and discordant findings existed among studies. When updating our search, we still did not identify any study reporting data relevant to this review in their primary publication.

Interpretation

No study was designed to answer our research questions of interest. It remains unclear whether TB/SARS-CoV-2 and its therapeutic management are associated with unfavorable outcomes. Research is needed to improve our understanding of risk and optimal management of persons with TB and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Trial registration

Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42022309818).
Predictors of HIV testing among youth 15–24 years in urban Ethiopia, 2017–2018 Ethiopia population-based HIV impact assessment
Authors: Ajiboye Aderonke S. , Eshetu Frehywot , Lulseged Sileshi , Getaneh Yimam , Tademe Nadew , Kifle Tsigereda , Bray Rachel , Eshete Hailegnaw , Demissie Yohannes , Dykewicz Clare A. , Hoos David ,   EPHIA Study Group
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Youth (adolescents and young adults) aged 15–24 years comprise approximately 22% of Ethiopia’s total population and make up 0.73% of HIV cases in urban Ethiopia. However, only 63% of HIV-positive youth are aware of their HIV status. We describe the HIV testing behaviors of youth 15–24 years and determined the characteristics of those who were most likely to be tested for HIV within the past year.

Methods

Using data from the 2017–2018 Ethiopia Population-based HIV Impact Assessment, we provide survey-weighted estimates and prevalence risk ratios for engagement in HIV testing in the 12 months preceding the survey. We model the likelihood of HIV testing one year or more before the survey compared to never testing, using a multinomial logistic regression model.

Results

Among HIV-negative and unaware HIV-positive youth 15–24 years old (N = 7,508), 21.8% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 20.4–23.3%] reported testing for HIV in the last 12 months. Female youth [Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.4–1.8], those aged 20–24 years (PR = 2.6, 95% CI:2.3–2.9), and those ever married (PR = 2.8, 95% CI: 2.5–3.1) were more likely to have tested for HIV within the last year. Adjusting for select demographic characteristics, sex with a non-spousal or non-live-in partner [Relative Risk (RR) = 0.3, 95% CI:0.1–0.8] among males did not increase their likelihood to test for HIV in the prior 12 months. Female youth engaged in antenatal care (RR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.7–5.3) were more likely to test for HIV in the past year.

Conclusion

The Ethiopian HIV case finding strategy may consider approaches for reaching untested youth, with a specific focus on adolescent males,15–19 years of age. This is critical towards achieving the UNAIDS HIV testing goal of 95% of all individuals living with HIV aware of their status by 2030.
Mothers’ health care seeking behavior for neonatal danger sign in southern Ethiopia: Community based cross–sectional study
Authors: Mesele Molalegn , Abebe Kelemu , Dessu Samuel , Anmut Walellign , Yeshambel Addisu , Dawit Zinabu , Tekalign Tiwabwork , Atnafu Natnael , Fikadu Yohannes
Published: July 2023

Background

Over the previous few decades, significant progress has been made in reducing newborn mortality, but the worldwide scale of the problem remains high. A considerable number of newborn death and difficulties owing to neonatal danger signs could be avoided if mothers sought appropriate health care for common neonatal risk indications, according to a number of studies presently underway in Ethiopia. The aim of this study is to assess health care seeking behavior of mothers’ in related to neonatal danger signs.

Method

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 410 participants in Wolaita Sodo, From October 1 to October 30, 2019. To collect data, structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used. Data was coded, cleaned, recoded and entered in to epi-data version 3.1 and transported to SPSS window version 21 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was carried out and p-value of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result

A total of 410 mothers participated in this study, 110 (47.6%) mothers preferred health intuition for their neonate. Husband educational status (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.1, 5.5), communication media (AOR = 4.3, 95% CI = 2.4, 7.5), place of residence (AOR = 3.5, 95% C.I = 1.9, 6.7), ANC follow up (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.4, 5.8), and PNC follow (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.1, 3.1) were all factors that significantly associated with health care seeking practice neonatal dander signs.

Conclusion

Overall, there was a low degree of health-seeking practice. The educational status of the mother’s husband, communication media, residence, ANC follow-up, and PNC follow-up all predicted the mothers’ health-care seeking behavior. The study also identifies the Wolaita Zone and Sodo town health offices, the health development army, one to five local community organizations with and health extension workers as key contributors.
Yoga and Multiple Sclerosis: Maintaining engagement in physical activity
Authors: Naisby Jenni , Wilson-Menzfeld Gemma , Baker Katherine , Morris Rosie , Robinson Jonathan , Barry Gill
Published: July 2023

Background

Physical activity is encouraged for people with Multiple Sclerosis. Yoga is a popular form of physical activity and is chosen by some people with Multiple Sclerosis. However, little is known about the impact of yoga for this population, alongside what influences ongoing engagement.

Aim

The aim of this study is to qualitatively explore the impact of online home-based yoga on people with Multiple Sclerosis and to explore factors that influence engagement.

Methods

A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and focus groups with people with Multiple Sclerosis and a yoga teacher. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Ethical Approval was gained from Northumbria University.

Findings

Three overarching themes emerged from the analysis. ‘Yoga as engagement in physical activity’ captured the reasoning for participating in yoga and how this method of physical activity was an alternative to physical activity done prior to diagnosis. Frustration was apparent within this theme that some individuals were unable to engage in the range of physical activity that they wished to. ‘Yoga is a personalised approach’ demonstrated the flexibility and inclusivity of yoga, for individuals with varying symptoms to be able to engage with. Finally, ‘yoga impacts individuals both physically and psychologically’ captured the focus on the psychological impact of yoga, improving wellbeing and control.

Conclusions

Yoga gives people with Multiple Sclerosis the feeling of control over their symptoms and a means to engage with meaningful physical activity. Prior involvement in physical activity influenced engagement in yoga and wanting to push themselves. There was reluctance among this group to engage with aerobic activity, which warrants future investigation and support from health and exercise professionals.
United States Department of Agriculture nutrition assistance programs during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Soldavini Jessica , Read Margaret , Clay Lauren
Published: July 2023

Objective

The goal of this scoping review is to examine the published research on federal nutrition assistance programs administered by the United States (U.S.) Department of Agriculture during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the U.S., U.S. territories, and tribal nations. The review will identify the scope of the available research and provide research and policy recommendations.

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic made individuals more vulnerable to experiencing food insecurity. Federal nutrition assistance programs help to address food insecurity and have been rapidly adapting to meet food and nutrition needs among affected communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to understand the scope of the current research on this topic to help inform future research, practice, and policy recommendations.

Inclusion criteria

This review will include studies focused on federal nutrition assistance programs administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture during the COVID-19 pandemic. The scoping review will consider all primary research designs.

Methods

Pubmed, CINHAL, Scopus, and Proquest’s Health Management databases will be used for the literature search. Only articles published in English since March 1, 2020 will be considered. Titles/abstracts followed by full-text articles will be reviewed to determine which articles meet the inclusion criteria and should be included in the review. Data will be extracted from each included article using a data extraction template in Covidence that will be developed by the study team. Data extracted will include information on key findings related to the review questions. At each step, two independent reviewers will be assigned to each article. Data will be summarized and presented in tables, charts, and narrative summary.
Does controlling shareholders’ share pledge exacerbate excessive financialization of enterprises?—Evidence from performance pressure perspective
Authors: Xie Yue , Wang Tianhui , Zhang Jinhua , Wang Na
Published: July 2023

Based on the perspective of performance pressure, we explore the influence of controlling shareholders’ share pledge on excessive financialization behavior of enterprises and its internal mechanism. The results show that the share pledge of controlling shareholders is positively correlated with the excessive financialization behavior of enterprises. After the controlling shareholder’s share pledge, the actual performance of the enterprise is lower than expected, causing the short-sighted behavior of the management, which makes the management willing to conspire with the controlling shareholder to cause the excessive financialization of the enterprise. The results are especially evident among the uncertainty of economic policy is low, the industry competition is not fierce and the executives have overseas experience.