bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study On Potential Drug Target For SARS-CoV-2-And Combinatorial Therapeutic Approach To Combat COVID-19
Authors: Datta Debojyati , Ghosh Semanti
Published: April 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by (SARS-CoV-2) a threat, leading to numerous deaths and socioeconomic disruptions. Spurred intense research efforts effective treatment. Our study provides a brief overview COVID-19. Urgent need for effective treatments has prompted extensive research to identify potential drug targets against disease. Review shows most promising drug and their associated therapeutic approaches for combating COVID-19. Key targets include the spike protein, which facilitates viral entry into host cells, and proteases essential for viral replication. Additionally, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors have been explored to inhibit viral RNA replication, highlighting their mechanisms of action, potential therapeutic benefits, and challenges in drug development. Host factors, such as the ACE2 receptor and immune response modulators, are also targeted. Combination therapies and overcoming challenges in the drug development are crucial for successful COVID-19 treatment. In this review the molecular docking study is discussed here. The future perspective of drug targets for COVID-19 encompasses a range of innovative approaches aimed at combating the virus and preparing for future outbreaks. The review also discusses the challenges faced and future directions in the field of drug target research for COVID-19. This review will provide an overview of the anticipated advancements in drug target discovery and development for COVID-19, highlighting key areas of focus and potential strategies.
AI Technology Is Revolutionizing Climate Change Mitigation: An Overview
Authors: Tripathi Pijush Kanti , Rahaman Hasibul , Chavan Sangeeta Laxmanrao Jadhav- , Mukherjee Saptarshi
Published: April 2024

Climate change is a global problem that has a significant impact on human health and economic well-being. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been shown to have great potential in reducing the effects of climate change. This article tries to provide a basic overview of the relationship between AI and mitigating climate change, highlighting AI's revolutionary potential in combating this pressing global issue. In particular, this article looks at how big data is essential to the success of climate action programs and how AI technologies may use these enormous databases to help develop more efficient mitigation measures for climate change and adapt to them. We have investigated novel methods for comprehending climate dynamics, maximizing renewable energy systems, enhancing climate resilience, and improving environmental justice via the use of AI technology.
Human Resource Development In The Pandemic Era: A Multy-Case Study at Islamic Private Elementary Schools in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Munjin Munjin , Dharin Abu , Siswadi Siswadi
Published: April 2024

The pandemic period that shook organizational stability was also able to inspire managers to develop human resource competencies. This article aims to analyse how private school managers at Central Java, Indonesia take advantage during the pandemic to develop human resource competencies. The approach used is qualitative phenomenology. Data were collected through observation, interviews with informants and also from references. The results indicate that school principals of the Islamic Private Schools can take advantage of the pandemic period to provide education and training, especially in ICT and redesigning teaching preparations. Besides that, it can also change the mindset of employees to adapt alterations and have high motivation at work, but still adhere to health protocols. This may be difficult when the training is carried out under normal conditions. The valuable lesson from this study is how school principals can perform human resource development in a fully-risked condition of pandemic.
Global Research Trend In Digital Learning: Analysis Using Bibliometrix On The Scopus Database
Authors: Ramadhan Syahrul , Raharjo Sabar Budi , Taufik Opik Abdurahman , Kozin Wakhid , Habibullah Achmad , Dudin Ahmad , Lisyawati Elis
Published: April 2024

The aims of this article are; a) To analyse the bibliometric keyword "digital learning" related to the research performance which consists of annual scientific production, most relevant source, most relevant author, most relevant affiliation, country scientific production and document. 2) To analyse the bibliometric keyword "digital learning" related to science mapping which consists of Trend Topic, Co-Accurance Network, Thematic Map, Three-Field Plot, Collaboration Network and Collaboration World Map. This study explores the scientific literature, analysing the performance and trends of digital learning topics using bibliometric. The five stages carried out in this study are keyword determination, data search, article selection, data validation, and data analysis. The researcher then performs this keyword on Scopus database (Scopus.com). The results of the analysis showed that there were 1711 articles collected. Researcher uses R Program to perform the bibliometric analysis.
ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ 1,4-БУТАНДИОЛА И ПРОДУКТОВ ЕГО МЕТАБОЛИЗМА В БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СРЕДАХ ОРГАНИЗМА ЧЕЛОВЕКА МЕТОДАМИ ХРОМАТО-МАСС-СПЕКТРОМЕТРИИ
Authors: Rizvanova L.N. , Savchuk S.A.
Published: April 2024

В настоящее время в России, в частности в Санкт-Петербурге, Москве и северных регионах, участились случаи массовых острых и смертельных отравлений 1,4-бутандиолом. 1,4-бутандиол (1,4-BD) - промышленный растворитель, быстро метаболизирущий в организме до гамма-гидроксибутирата, (GHB). 1,4-BD в смеси с прегабалином, габапентином и другими психоактивными компонентами часто используют в качестве «клубного наркотика»
Для идентификации 1,4-BD и продуктов его метаболизма GBL и GHB, исследовали образцы крови и мочи от живых лиц, госпитализированных с интоксикацией. Для идентификации 1,4-BD, GBL и GHB в биологических средах организма человека применяли методы газовой хроматографии с масс-селективным детектированием (ГХ-МС) и высокоэффективную жидкостную хроматографию с тандемным масс-селективным детектированием (ВЭЖХ-МС/МС).
Ключевые слова: 1,4-бутандиол (1,4-BD), гамма-гидроксибутирата (GHB), бутиролактон (GBL), кровь и моча от живых лиц, газовая хроматография с масс-селективным детектированием (ГХ-МС), высокоэффективная жидкостная хроматография с тандемным масс-селективным детектированием (ВЭЖХ-МС/МС).
Optimization on the after sales sector in a semi-ruck trailer company by the way of quality tools impant
Authors: Bristot Vilson Menegon , De Luca Mateus Mateus Pirolla , Bonassa Guilerme , Guimarães Filho Leopoldo Pedro
Published: April 2024

A proposta do presente estudo consiste em apresentar conhecimentos que evidenciem a importância do setor de serviços para as organizações e clientes. O sucesso de uma instituição está diretamente ligado de como ela responde às mudanças e acompanha o desenvolvimento do mercado. Qualificar o processo atual de pós-vendas, fará com que os clientes identifiquem os valores que estão sendo agregados no produto, desde a origem do pedido, até a utilização do serviço de pós-vendas de uma empresa fabricante de implementos rodoviários. Neste contexto, o presente artigo tem metodologia exploratória-descritiva, de caráter quantitativo, com o objetivo de identificar as ocorrências registradas no setor de pós-vendas, propondo a aplicação das ferramentas de qualidade para solução da situação problema. O uso das ferramentas no pós-vendas, provoca mudanças culturais profundas nos diversos níveis da organização e se faz necessário que as pessoas estejam integradas e comprometidas com os objetivos, proporcionando a melhoria dos produtos, análise das solicitações de garantia e a melhora do atendimento aos clientes. Desta forma, pretende-se disponibilizar os conhecimentos pesquisados para que possam ser utilizados como métodos gerenciais, contribuindo para que as organizações sejam mais eficientes e competitivas.
The use of mesenchymal stem cells in tendon regeneration in rats.
Authors: Soares Anísio Francisco , Ferreira-Filho Moisés Bonifácio Alves , Xavier Maria Vitória da Silva , Lima Victória Alferis , Teixeira Marcelo Weinstein , Palma Mariza Brandão
Published: April 2024

Mesenchymal stem cells are of great interest due to their regenerative potential and capacity to transdifferentiate into various cell lineages. The present study executed a narrative review of the literature on the influence of mesenchymal stem cells on the regeneration of tendon injuries. To acomplish this, a search was carried out in the Pubmed and Scielo databases using descriptors such as: Mesenchymal stem cell regeneration and application tendon rat; Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Tendon Tissue rat. Only research articles carried out on rats between 2011 and 2023 were included. 935 articles were found in the Pubmed database, and 43 articles were included based on the criteria of categorization, analysis of titles and abstracts. The articles showed benefits in relation to the use of stem cells in rat tendon injuries, but some studies showed that this repair was not 100% guaranteed to the state of the tendon originally, but associated with growth factors obtained a better induction of tenogenesis.
Diffusion of knowledge in the family milk production chain in the state of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Cavalcanti Ana Paula , Sampaio Renelson , Travassos Xisto Lucas
Published: April 2024

The milk food production chain is present throughout the country and has undergone many changes over time. It is extremely important to know and understand the current scenario of milk production, identifying the potential, limits and needs of this sector. The aim of this work is to research the family milk production chain in the state of Rio de Janeiro and analyze the actions taken to disseminate knowledge to small producers and the processes that could be optimized in terms of management and communication. The methodological approach used in this work is qualitative, bibliographical and exploratory.  As this research is linked to the field of management, the qualitative approach was chosen because it is considered the most appropriate for understanding the subject. It is exploratory because it set out to research the family dairy chain, its characteristics, the state of the art and the diffusion and dissemination of knowledge. It was concluded that there is a need for training and capacity building in the face of the growing amount of information and knowledge that needs to be managed between the different players in the production process.
Perception of dental surgeons on multidisciplinary teamwork and preceptorship during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors: Da Silva Hadassa  Fonsêca , Da Paz Alcieros Martins , De Almeida Silva Thiago Luiz , Amorim Guilherme de Oliveira
Published: April 2024

The objective of this work was to verify the perception of dental surgeons (DC) about their professional practice in the family health strategy (ESF), considering aspects related to multidisciplinary action, teamwork and preceptorship during the COVID-19 pandemic. 07 CDs from the Basic Health Units of a Health District (DS) in Recife participated, in the years 2020 to 2021. This was a qualitative study, using a semi-structured interview guide and sociodemographic questionnaire. The data were treated using Bardin's content analysis. The majority of CDs are women (71%), aged between 40 and 50 years old (57%), with more than 20 years of training (57%) and with good professional qualifications, including specialization in the field of activity and a master's degree. Three categories emerged from the qualitative analysis: Daily life before and after the Covid-19 pandemic and comprehensive care; Multidisciplinary teamwork and Influence of the exercise of Preceptorship on the Work Process of the CD in the ESF that recognize dentistry in the ESF is based on teamwork and multidisciplinary action to guarantee comprehensiveness, the pandemic changed the daily routine of services and fragmented care.
Agonistas do Receptor de Peptídeo Semelhante ao Glucagon-1 em Transplantados Renais - Estudo Retrospectivo de um Centro Hospitalar
Authors: Freitas Joana , Silvano José , Ribeiro Catarina , Malheiro Jorge , Pedroso Sofia , Almeida Manuela , Fonseca Isabel , Martins La Salete
Published: April 2024

Objetivos: A incidência de diabetes pós-transplante e o aumento do risco cardiovascular entre os receptores de transplante estão em ascensão. Os agonistas do receptor de peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon têm o potencial de mitigar os efeitos dos medicamentos imunossupressores, abordando tanto a hiperglicemia quanto o aumento de peso, o que os torna atrativos para uso nesta população, dadas as suas vantagens cardiovasculares e renoprotetoras. No entanto, a evidência atual é insuficiente sobre a sua eficácia em receptores de transplante renal diabéticos (RTRD). Métodos: O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi avaliar a eficácia e segurança dos agonistas do peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon-1 em RTRD. O foco principal foi avaliar o seu impacto em vários parâmetros, tais como níveis de hemoglobina A1c, índice de massa corporal (IMC), perfil lipídico, níveis de hemoglobina, função do enxerto renal (taxa de filtração glomerular estimada [TFGe]) e relação proteína-creatinina urinária. Resultados: Durante um período de observação mediano de 18 meses, esta investigação incluiu 64 pacientes transplantados renais. A TFGe mediana no início foi de 61,9 mL/min/1,73 m2 e permaneceu estável durante o acompanhamento. A mediana da HbA1c diminuiu de 7,5 para 7% (IC95%; p < 0,002). Também foi observada uma melhoria significativa no IMC e no perfil lipídico. Não foram observadas mudanças significativas nos níveis medianos de creatinina e relação proteína:creatinina urinária. Nenhum efeito colateral justificou a descontinuação do medicamento. Conclusão: Este estudo mostra que o uso de agonistas do peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon é viável e bem tolerado em RTRD, sem efeitos colaterais significativos observados. Estudos subsequentes são necessários para explorar se esta terapêutica pode melhorar efetivamente a sobrevida do aloenxerto nesses pacientes.
Efeitos da mobilização precoce em sujeitos internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI): revisão integrativa
Authors: Santos Camila Fernandes Pontes dos , Lucena Pedro Henrique Marques de , França Clizaldo Luiz Maroja Di Pace , Vasconcelos Wanessa Kelly Vieira de , Paz Natália Herculano , França Arthur Maroja di Pace , Dantas Pedro Augusto Mariz , Paz Carlos Renato , Cirilo-Sousa Maria do Socorro , Bovi Ana Carolina Nunes
Published: April 2024

A incidência de complicações advindas da imobilidade nos pacientes internados em UTI, por tempo prolongado, pode levar a efeitos adversos que acomete vários órgãos e sistemas, contribuindo para a redução da capacidade funcional e a geração de disfunções musculoesqueléticas como fraqueza muscular e deformidades osteomioarticulares. A mobilização precoce tem sido utilizada como um método de diminuir os efeitos decorrentes da imobilidade prolongada. Com base nisso, esse estudo tem como objetivo descrever, por meio de revisão literária, os impactos gerados pela mobilização precoce em sujeitos internados na UTI. Tratou-se de uma revisão integrativa, com abordagem metodológica quantitativa dos dados, realizada nas bases LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), SciELO (Biblioteca Eletrônica Científica Online) e MEDLINE (Sistema Online de Busca e Análise de Literatura Médica). Os critérios de inclusão adotados foram: conter os termos supracitados no título ou resumo, amostras com indivíduos de ambos os sexos, publicações disponíveis nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa; e, ter sido publicado no período entre 2013 a 2023. Os dados foram coletados a partir da seguinte combinação de descritores “Hospitalização”, “Mobilização Precoce” e “Unidades de Terapia Intensiva”, encontrando-se 40 publicações na LILACS, 80 na MEDLINE e 34 na SciELO, totalizando 154 títulos. Após a análise dos dados desse estudo, ficou evidente na comparação, realizada pelos autores, dos resultados funcionais, tempo de internação e VM, e capacidade pulmonar, antes e depois da prática de um programa de mobilização precoce, que houve majoritariamente um aumento desses números em favor dos indivíduos que estavam inseridos nesse tipo de protocolo. Sendo assim, visando minimizar os efeitos deletérios ocasionados pela internação nas UTI’s nos mais variados sistemas, é importante que se busque a adesão de um programa terapêutico precoce, buscando diminuir os efeitos negativos da imobilidade.
Enhancing Classroom Environment’s Sustainability and Efficiency through AI -Driven Measures
Authors:   Associate Professor, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, India, Vinoth Vinoth ,   Undergraduate Student, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, India,   Undergraduate Student, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, India,   Undergraduate Student, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, India, .. Sundaram S.. , .. Sri Varshini. , L. Sivaprabha Sri P..
Published: April 2024

Emission of carbon footprints plays a major role in climate change and hence, the world is moving towards sustainable energy-based solutions. This paper investigates challenges in classroom environments, focusing on illuminance levels, indoor air quality, and temperature. The study introduces methodologies to enhance educational spaces, emphasizing advanced lighting for optimal illumination, addressing indoor air quality and efficient temperature regulation. Thereby aiming to create visually conducive environments, promoting concentration, and learning effectiveness. The research contributes to nurturing students' intellectual growth and well-being through sustainability.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar PPKn melalui Model Talking Stick berbantuan Media Papan Comprehension
Authors: Syarifah Dewi Hida , Zuhri Muhammad Saifuddin , Poncowati Lilik
Published: April 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas III SDN Wonotingal materi kewajiban dan hak dengan menggunakan model Talking Stick berbantuan media comprehension. Dimana siswa masih mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami konsep kewajiban dan hak pada mata pelajaran PPKn. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilakukan dengan dua siklus. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan tes hasil belajar. Dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 24 siswa dikelas III B SDN Wonotingal Kota Semarang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa menggunakan model talking stick berbantuan media comprehension secara signifikan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa mengenai materi kewajiban dan hakku. Dapat dilihat bahwa nilai rata rata siswa meningkat dari 60,42 pada siklus I dan 83,54 pada siklus II serta presentase dari 50% menjadi 88% ketuntasan. Secara keseluruhan ini menunjukkan bahwa model talking stick berbantuan media papan comprehension efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa mata pelajaran PPKn materi kewajiban dan hak.
Mitigating Frame Cracks in Off-Highway Vehicle: A Combined Approach of Finite Element Analysis and IoT-based Chassis Health Monitoring System
Authors: R Raj vigneshwar , S.M Rohith , K Ravi Shankar , G Mahi Kaarthik , P Shanthi
Published: April 2024

A Heavy-duty cargo truck manufactured by the Chinese company SHACMAN X3000 is designed and analyzed in this paper. Here, this paper developed a Chassis Health Monitoring System (CHMS). The objective of the system is improving the safety measures by combining computational techniques using FEA on static structural and Modal analysis followed by experimental work by implementation of IoT for monitoring and validation purposes. In this paper, for analysis purpose, we selected four critical points based on the survey and underwent the analysis by computational tool. The CHMS consists of a Force sensor, a Flux sensor, and RGB with Arduino, which is to collect and analyze to monitor the frame. The analyzed results give the optimal value in the frame near the critical areas, which results the crack. The CHMS, it a pre-alert system and safe guard the chassis.
The online learning adaptability and its influencing factors for low-proficiency English learners in China
Authors: Cai Chen , Hu Heng
Published: April 2024

The proliferation of online teaching has emerged as a pivotal trajectory in the evolution of English education, necessitating a critical examination of online learning dynamics tailored to specific learner cohorts. This study endeavours to scrutinize the present status of online learning adaptability and its influencing factors among 262 low-proficiency English learners in China, employing a methodological blend of questionnaires and interviews. The findings are as follows: (1) There exists no statistically significant difference in learning engagement among learners of different levels. Notably, low-proficiency learners manifest a diminished psychological adaptability relative to their high-proficiency counterparts, albeit concurrently expressing heightened satisfaction with online learning modalities. (2) With regard to the influencing factors of online learning adaptability, the salience of environmental adaptation strategies surpasses that of perceived environmental affordance. Moreover, a compelling interaction effect between these two factors is observed in shaping online learning adaptability. Strategic augmentation of support within the learning milieu, fortifying cognizance of online learning strategies, and synergistically amalgamating the strengths of online and offline pedagogical approaches emerge as efficacious measures to cultivate enhanced online learning adaptability for intermediate and low-proficiency learners.
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF GRANULOMA IN A 5-YEAR-OLD UDA EWE
Authors: AVAZI Daniel , Gurumyen George , Sambo Paul , Aleje Happiness , Hena Sunday
Published: April 2024

Granuloma is a well-known inflammatory condition in veterinary and human medicine. It is a chronic inflammatory reaction triggered by a wide variety of persistent agents, characterized by the recruitment and activation of macrophages, occasionally presenting areas of central necrosis. The aim of the present report is to provide information regarding the manifestation, cytology, histology and management of granuloma in sheep. A five-year-old Uda ewe was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Jos in September, 2023, with a large mass around the neck, extending towards the jugular furrow. Following cytological examination of the mass, surgical excision was undertaken under mild sedation (2% Xylazine) and local anaesthesia (1% Lidocaine hydrochloride). The mass was subjected to histopathological examination, while routine wound cleansing and care was instituted with post-operative administration of analgesic, anti-inflammatory agent, antibiotics, multivitamins and tetanus toxoid intramuscularly. Histopathological findings comprised of masses having necrotic centre with sulfur granules, area of macrophages, lymphocyte, plasma cell and zones of fibro-connective tissue with evidence of neo-vascularization and perivascular cuffing supporting the diagnosis of granuloma. Follow-up re-examinations of the Ewe were undertaken every other day with stitches removed on day 12 post-operation following complete apposition of the wound edges. After 14 days of management, the ewe was discharged following normal rectal temperature (39.0ºC), pulse rates (80.0 beats/minute) and respiratory rates (28.0 cycles/minute). Therefore, cases of granuloma could be satisfactorily managed by complete surgical excision with thorough post-operative care.
Evaluation of the influence of sleep on obesity indices among young adults
Authors: Giridharan Srilakshmi , Devanand Viji , Gunasekaran Deepa , Theesmas Lovie
Published: April 2024

Background: Sleep is an indispensable physiological process. The recommended average sleep duration for young adults is about 7–9 h a day. Quality and duration of sleep have a considerable influence on several anthropometric measurements, in addition to the typical determinants, such as level of physical activity, dietary choices, and genetic predisposition. These days, obesity is a ubiquitous public health crisis and there has been a parallel rise in sleep deprivation. Several reviews have suggested an increased likelihood of obesity among short-sleepers.

Aims and Objectives: This study aims to assess the quality and duration of sleep, physical activity, and obesity indices in young adults and evaluate the impact of sleep on the obesity indices.

Materials and Methods: Three hundred young adults of both sexes aged between 18 and 25 years were selected and their anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, waist, and hip circumference were recorded. Obesity indices – waist/hip ratio (WHR), waist to height ratio, body mass index (BMI), abdominal volume index (AVI), and conicity index were calculated. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire were used to assess the quality and duration of sleep as well as physical activity, respectively. Based on the PSQI index, they were categorized into – Group 1 with adequate sleep and Group 2 without adequate sleep. Independent Student’s t-test was employed; P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Analysis of anthropometric measurements showed a significant increase in weight (63.60 ± 16.52 kg vs. 60.26 ± 13.73 kg), waist circumference (79.52 ± 12.83 cm vs. 78.60 ± 10.27 cm), and AVI (13.07 ± 4.20 vs. 12.68 ± 3.30) in Group 2. BMI and WHR were increased in Group 2 but were not statistically significant. Physical activity was found to be more in Group 2 subjects.

Conclusion: Quality of sleep has a role in obesity irrespective of physical activity.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice on over-the-counter drugs among medical and nursing students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Raj Divya , Pise Harshal , Khanavkar Rajat , Rathod Umesh , Raj Bhavya
Published: April 2024

Background: As future health-care practitioners’, self-medication assumes special importance among MBBS, nursing, and paramedical students. They are the ones who differ from the general population due to their exposure to the disease and drugs. The idea of conducting the present study was due to the scarcity of data regarding knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs among them.

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to check KAP regarding OTC drug use among medical and nursing students and also to know the different reasons for self-medication and influences regarding their choice for the same.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done including medical and nursing students for time duration of 6 months from January to May 2023. A well-designed, pre-validated questionnaire with various items on a Likert scale was distributed to medical and nursing students all over Maharashtra via Google Forms, sharing links through the contacts of the medical and nursing students' association of Maharashtra. Descriptive statistical analysis was used.

Results: A total of 161 students (102 medical, 59 nursing) took part in the present study. Most of the students (84.4%) practiced self-medication. Fever and headache (56.4%), followed by cough and common cold (27.5%), are the most common illness for which students self-medicate. One of the most common reasons students have been found to self-medicate was found to be refusal to spend time seeing a doctor for minor illness (64.5%).

Conclusion: There is an extensive habit of self-medication among MBBS and nursing students. Lack of understanding regarding the proper use of medications, their storage, expiry, action to be taken in case of side effects, and increasing the dose of medication when symptoms are not subsiding were some of the significant problems found.
Study on safety and efficacy of tablet thiocolchicoside 4 mg + tablet aceclofenac 100 mg versus tablet aceclofenac 100 mg + tablet paracetamol 500 mg in treatment of patients with acute lower back pain: A randomized double-blind comparative study
Authors: Bokka Naga , Gondi Surendra , Bodda Deepthi , V Siva
Published: April 2024

Background: Lower backache is a highly prevalent condition among middle-aged individuals and is often caused by muscle spasms. It is one of the most common reasons why people seek medical assistance from a primary care physician.

Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the drug combinations thiocolchicoside 4 mg and aceclofenac 100 mg versus aceclofenac 100 mg and paracetamol 500 mg.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using a prospective, randomized, double-blind, comparative, and parallel group design. A total of 80 patients who met the specified criteria were selected to participate in the trial over a period of 3 months. A total of 30 cases were selected for each group, with consideration given to excluding outliers. The patients were allocated randomly into two groups: Group A, consisting of 30 individuals, and Group B, consisting of 30 individuals. The primary efficacy assessments include the visual analog scale, muscle spasm assessment by finger-to-floor distance, and Lasegue’s maneuver. The secondary efficacy measures were assessed using a 4-point scale global assessment, which included ratings of excellent, good, average, and poor.

Results: The majority of study participants were in the age group 39–48 years and above 48 years consisting of 25 patients and 33, respectively. Males constituted 51.6% and females were 48.3%. On day 28, results were calculated on 26 patients in Group A and 24 patients in Group B as 10 patients discontinued the treatment after 3rd week.

Conclusions: It is concluded that the best possible medical intervention to treat acute low back pain is to use drug combinations of analgesics and skeletal muscle relaxants. The combination of tablet thiocolchicoside and aceclofenac proved to be more efficacious and safer when compared to the combination of tablet aceclofenac and paracetamol.
Research on addiction to social media and mobile phones among 1st-year medical students
Authors: A Deepali , Patel Chirag , M Arifuddin
Published: April 2024

Background: In the past few years, there is alarming rise in the technology which includes advancement in the speed of internet, development of various online games, introduction of several new applications, and also debut of many social media applications. Because of this today, a lot of people, majorly including the youngsters, are getting addicted to social media which is bearing a negative impact on their academic performance and personal life. Many individuals are so much addicted to this social media that they cannot stay even a single hour without using it, also using mobile phones. The continuous usage of social media leads to increased screen time, and hence leads to prolonged gazing of the screen, which has a negative impact on the vision, can lead to headache, blurring of vision, redness of eyes, dryness of eyes, and sometimes even severe conjunctival irritation. Individuals will be so much glued to the screen that, they hardly change their body posture which may lead to the onset of cervical spondylosis and lumbar spondylosis at a very young age and also using more mobile phone.

Aims and Objectives: This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of technology addiction, usage of social media, and dependency on them.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 150-year medical students. The questionnaire was being prepared using Google forms which included questions on how often do they use the social media and for what purpose they use social media; there were also questions regarding the ill effects the social media is causing on their lifestyle including their academical performances and social connectivity with family members and friends and also on their physical and mental health. The consent from the participants was also taken in the Google forms after ensuring that there is no harm for them while they are a part of this study.

Results: The results showed that the majority of the 1st-year medical students are very much addicted to social media; about 94.6% of the study subjects use social media daily. Furthermore, many of them prefer to use Instagram as a major source of entertainment.

Conclusion: This study showed that the 1st-year medical students are more addicted to social media, have increased screen time and majority of them spend time in watching more and more reels on Instagram. We can also conclude that the addiction to social media is bringing a lot of health hazards and loss of cognition among students and disturbs their mental health and personal life.
Evaluation of tear meniscus height and lipid layer patterns of the tear film in domestic cats: An observational study
Authors: Almutleb Essam , Hiti Gamal , Okail Fahad , Altoaimi Basal , Almutairi Meznah , Baashen Mashaaer , Althomali Mohammed , Alanazi Saud , Masmali Ali
Published: April 2024

Background: Healthy vision in humans and animals requires a stable tear film. The environmental factor could affect the status of the tear film. Therefore, assessing the tear film in animals is essential to avoid visual system disturbance.
Aim: The current research used a noninvasive device to evaluate the tear meniscus height (TMH) and lipid layer pattern (LLP) in domestic cats. In addition, the scores were compared with those of humans with healthy eyes.
Methods: Fifty-four domestic cats (28 males and 26 females; mean ± SD = 13.9 ± 18.2 months) were randomly selected and included in the study. The cats were healthy, without any ocular disorders or diseases. Fifty-four healthy eye subjects (27 males and 27 females; mean ± SD = 25.6 ± 5.1 years) were randomly recruited and took part in the study for comparison. EASYTEAR View+ was used, for the first time, to assess the tear film parameters on the right eye of each subject. The examiner allowed a 5-minute gap between the tests. Each test was performed by the same examiner three times, followed by calculating the mean scores.
Results: Significant differences (Mann–Whitney U test) were found in the median scores of LLP (P = 0.009) between cats and subjects with healthy eyes. The median TMH score was higher in cats (0.18 mm) than in humans (0.14). However, no significant difference (Mann-Whitney U Test, P = 0.210) exists in the TMH scores between cats and humans. The LLP analysis indicated that a dense white-blue lipid layer (grade 4 or D; lipid layer thickness, LLT, = approximately 80 nm) was predominant in both cats (N = 24, 44.4%) and humans (N = 29, 53.7%). In comparison, variable colors lipid layer (grade 5 or E; LLT = 90–140 nm) was a minority in cats (N = 5, 9.3%) and common in humans (N = 16, 29.6%). The statistical analysis indicated medium correlations between cats' TMH and LLP scores (r = 0.431, P < 0.01) and between age and TMH scores in humans (r = 0.440, P < 0.01). In addition, it indicated a weak correlation (r = 0.291, P < 0.05) between the LLP scores in cats and humans.
Conclusions: Assessing animals' tear film is essential to avoid any ocular disorders. EASYTEAR View+ is efficiently used to evaluate domestic cats' tear meniscus height and lipid layer patterns. Cats have thicker lipid layers and longer tear meniscus height comparable to those reported for humans with healthy eyes.
Echinococcus granulosus comparative genotyping in sheep in Saudi Arabia and Egypt
Authors: Alkhaldi Abdulsalam
Published: April 2024

Background:
Cystic echinococcosis, which is triggered by the parasite Echinococcus granulosus, is a global zoonotic disease that is common in rural regions in which there are frequent encounters between dogs and other domestic animals. The disease can have devastating consequences, impacting the health of people and animals and leading to huge financial losses, especially in the agricultural industry. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and Egypt, despite the high incidence of disease, few investigations have been conducted into the genetic variation in species of the genus Echinococcus.
Aim:
This study sought to compare the genetic features of the hydatid cysts carried in sheep in KSA with those found in Egypt.
Methods:
DNA from the protoscolices was used in a PCR targeting the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 1 (NAD1), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1), and nuclear actin II (ACT II) genes, and the resulting amplification products of 30 KSA and Egyptian isolates were sequenced and compared.
Results:
Among the sheep in KSA, the overall prevalence of cystic echinococcosis was 0.51%. Of the sheep cyst DNA samples, 95%, 100%, and 52% were positive for the Cox1, nad1, and act II genes, respectively. Targeting all three genes, all KSA samples belonged to the E. granulosus genotype (G1), whereas all Egyptian isolates belonged to E. granulosus (G1) and E. canadensis (G6).
Conclusions:
We conclude that isolates of E. granulosus from the two countries shared a common origin in Arabic North Africa, with sheep and camels as common hosts.
Effect of combined infection with Salmonella and influenza virus on their respective proliferation in chicken embryonated eggs
Authors: Sakudo Akikazu
Published: April 2024

Background: Salmonella is a major food-borne bacterial pathogen that causes food poisoning related to the consumption of eggs, milk and meat. Food safety in relation to Salmonella is particularly important for eggs because their shells as well as their contents can be a source of contamination. Chicken can also be infected with influenza virus, but it remains unclear how co-infection of Salmonella and influenza virus affect each other. Aim: The potential influence of co-infection of Salmonella and influenza virus was examined.
Methods: Salmonella Abony and influenza virus were injected into chicken embryonated eggs. After incubation, proliferation of Salmonella and influenza virus was measured using a direct culture assay for bacteria and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for influenza virus, respectively.
Results: Our findings indicate that the number of colony forming units (CFUs) of Salmonella did not vary between chicken embryonated eggs co-infected with influenza A virus and Salmonella-only infected eggs. Furthermore, we found the proliferation of influenza A or B virus was not significantly influenced by co-infection of the eggs with Salmonella.
Conclusion: These results suggest that combined infection of Salmonella with influenza virus does not affect each other, at least in the terms of their proliferation.
Antimicrobial resistance patterns and genes of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from chickens in Pasuruan, Indonesia
Authors: Yanestria Sheila , Effendi Mustofa , Tyasningsih Wiwiek , Moses Ikechukwu , Khairullah Aswin , Kurniawan Shendy , Dameanti Fidi , Ikaratri Rosmita , Pratama Junianto , Sigit Miarsono , Hasib Abdullah , Silaen Otto
Published: April 2024

Background:
The problem, poultry is one of the most prominent sources of Campylobacter jejuni, which is also a major means of transmission to people. Campylobacter jejuni contamination in chicken meat comes from chicken faeces because it naturally exists in the intestine of chickens.
Aim:
The purpose of this study is to identify the antibiotic resistance genes and patterns of Campylobacter jejuni, which was found in hens in Pasuruan, Indonesia.
Methods:
The samples used in this study were 200 contents of the small intestine of broiler chickens from 40 farms in Pasuruan Regency. Enriched sample was streaked on the selective media of modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate (mCCDA) containing the CCDA selective supplement. Antimicrobial susceptibility test utilizing the Kirby-Bauer Diffusion Test method in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method was used to detect the hipO, gyrA, blaOXA-61, and tetO genes, hipO is a gene encoding Campylobacter jejuni strain, while gyrA is a gene encoding fluoroquinolone resistance, blaOXA-61 encodes beta-lactam resistance, tetO encodes beta-lactam resistance.
Results:
The findings revealed a 14% (28/200) prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni. This isolates showed high resistance to enrofloxacin (92.9%). All isolates (100%) were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate. PCR results showed that all Campylobacter jejuni isolates (100%) detected the gyrA gene, 96.7% detected the blaOXA-61 gene, and 50% detected the tetO gene.
Conclusion:
The findings of antimicrobial resistance resistance in high level from the small intestine of broiler chickens illustrates the potential threat to human health. To lessen the effects now and in the future, coordinated and suitable action is needed, as well as steps to guarantee the poultry industry's economic survival and public health insurance.
A case report and review of the literature on swine hemorrhagic tracheitis syndrome in a Portuguese farm
Authors: Silva Filipe , s Andreia , Fontes Paulo , Monteiro Divanildo , o Jos , Pires Isabel
Published: April 2024

Background:
Respiratory diseases, including the multifactorial "swine respiratory disease complex", have a significant impact on swine production. Recently, a condition manifesting primarily in the trachea, known as Haemorrhagic Tracheitis Syndrome (HTS), has been described in pigs. HTS is characterised by severe coughing and high mortality in finishing pigs.
Case Description:
This report presents the first case of HTS in an adult male pig from a Portuguese farm. The animal died without any previous clinical signs. Necropsy revealed significant thickening of the trachea. Fibrinous necrotic hemorrhagic tracheitis was identified through histopathological analysis, but no bacterial infectious agents were detected during microbiological examination.
Conclusion:
This case underscores the need for comprehensive research, including systematic necropsies and histopathological assessments, to understand the actual prevalence of the disease, elucidate the aetiology and develop effective interventions for HTS in swine productions.
Diagnostic value of ultrasonography in identifying unilateral ovarian luteoma in a dog
Authors: Kim Junyoung , Lee Namsoon , Kim Yebeen , Choi Jihye , Yoon Junghee
Published: April 2024

Background:
Diagnosing ovarian tumors in dogs can be challenging since the clinical symptoms are often generic. The present case report underscores a rare case in which a suspected unilateral ovarian tumor in a dog was initially identified using ultrasonography and subsequently confirmed to be a luteoma through postoperative histopathology.
Case Description:
An 8-year and 6-month-old female Maltese dog presented with a 10-day history of vulvovaginal bleeding, hematuria, and decreased appetite. Physical examination revealed only vaginal bleeding, with no other abnormalities. Laboratory examinations showed no abnormalities, while abdominal radiography revealed the presence of cystic calculi as the sole abnormality. Abdominal ultrasound revealed an enlarged right ovary with regular contour and echogenicity, featuring unusual cystic components surrounding the right ovarian parenchyma. Furthermore, irregular thickening with multiple cystic lesions was observed in the endometrial wall of the bilateral uterine horns, indicative of cystic endometrial hyperplasia. Ultrasonographic findings suggested unilateral right ovarian disease. During ovariohysterectomy, the right ovary was slightly larger than the left ovary and adhered to the surrounding mesenteric fat layer and right pancreatic parenchyma. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of luteoma in the right ovary. Three days after surgery, the patient’s clinical signs exhibited complete improvement, with return of normal appetite.
Conclusion:
This case report highlights a rare diagnosis of unilateral ovarian luteoma based on mild ultrasonographic abnormalities, which was ultimately confirmed on histopathological examination.
Diagnosis and treatment of urolithiasis in a Toy Poodle dog
Authors: Mulyani Guntari , Pramono Agung , Pangestiningsih Tri
Published: April 2024

Background:
Urolithiasis in dogs is a disorder of the urinary tract caused by the development of crystals. These crystals are composed of minerals such as phosphates, oxalates, urates, cystine, carbonates, and silica. It can be fatal if the diagnosis and treatment are inaccurate. This report aims to report a case of urolithiasis in a Toy Puddle dog.
Case Description:
A two-year-old male Toy Puddle dog weighing 4,2 kg with black hair, and having trouble urinating was presented to the Prof. Soeparwi Animal Hospital, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. The dog is examined physically and, in the laboratory, diagnosed and continued with operative therapy. The history and physical examination revealed that the dog had been experiencing hematuria, stranguria, and oliguria for 2 months, with the last few days accompanied by decreased appetite. The dog exhibited decreased skin turgor, a CRT of less than 2 seconds, signs of pain and distress during urination, and palpation of distended urinary vesicles. Ultrasound scans revealed uroliths in the urinary vesica, which were identified by an acoustic shadow. Blood tests indicated a decrease in hematocrit and erythrocytes along with an increase in leukocytes. Urolithiasis was diagnosed in the case dog based on anamnesis, physical examination, hematological examination, and ultrasonography. Subsequently, a cystotomy was performed, and uroliths located in urinary vesicles were removed. The dog received ceftriaxone injections at 15 mg/kg body weight and vitamin B-complex injections at a concentration of 10 mg/kg body weight for five days. Four days post-surgery, the case dog was able to successfully urinate and pass clean urine.
Conclusion:
The Puddle toy dog was diagnosed with silica urolithiasis in the urinary vesicles and the urolith is quite large. Cystotomy was performed to remove the urolith. Postoperative care were included administration of Antibiotics and vitamins to facilitate the healing process. The condition of the Puddle toy dog improved.
Differential cell analysis in ovine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: Effect of different sampling methods and seasons
Authors: Ghorbani Fatemeh , Amin Ghader , Naghade Bahram , Rezaei Siamak
Published: April 2024

Background :
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a method for collecting the cellular and fluid components of the airway surface in the lungs. The assessment of differential cell profiles is potentially valuable in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases, but there is no information about the normal BAL profiles in the Gezel breed.
Aim:
This study aimed to characterize the normal cryptologic findings of BAL with Gezel sheep.
Methods:
Twenty healthy sheep (15 females: 5 males, bodyweight: 55 to 65 kg) were sedated with xylazine (0.02–0.04 mg/kg IV). Two methods; the transtracheal bronchoalveolar lavage (TBAL) technique and the bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (BBAL) using a scope were evaluated. Sampling was performed in the summer and winter seasons.
Results:
Normal value (Mean ± SEM) for total cell, macrophage, lymphocyte, neutrophil, epithelial and bronchial cells in BAL sampled in summer were (343.75± 30.23), ) 24.50± 2.62), (2.81± 0.51), (1.43± 0.88), (3.12 ± 0.32) respectively. The normal value for the total cell, macrophage, lymphocyte, neutrophil, epithelial and bronchial cells in BAL sampled in winter was (255.55± 37.67), (59.11± 4.30), (21.33± 3.10), (3.88 ±1.07), (8.88± 3.78), (6.33± 1.44) respectively.
No significant change in the percentage of neutrophils was detected between seasons. Although the percentages of bronchial and epithelial cells in winter were significantly high (p<0.05). Except for the mentioned cases, neither the total cell number nor the percentage differential cell populations of BAL changed significantly (p<0.05) in different sampling methods and seasons.
Conclusion:
Normal BAL profiles in the Gezel breed were determined and could be used in result interpretations. Also, both sampling methods can be used without significantly affecting the results.