bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Motivational Orientation Impact the Effectiveness of Incentive Contracts?
Authors: Reichert Bernhard E. , Woods Alexander
Published: July 2016

Research in psychology has identified that individuals have two distinct neurologically based motivational systems. One system is the behavioral activation system (BAS), which activates individual motivation in response to signals of reward in order to “achieve success.” The second system is the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), which activates motivation in response to signals of goal conflict in order to “avoid failure.” We predict and find that a stronger, rather than weaker, BIS attenuates the positive effect of sensitive performance measures on performance. In contrast, the BAS does not moderate the effect of performance measure sensitivity on performance.
Il paradosso della nosografia psichiatrica del XXI secolo
Authors: Iorio Gennaro , Iorio Nicola
Published: July 2016

Gli Autori sviluppano in questo lavoro alcune riflessioni critiche sull'importanza prioritaria, che è stata data in Psichiatria, negli ultimi anni, agli aspetti diagnosticonosografici. Una psichiatria, principalmente polarizzata sul rilievo esasperato del sintomo, con l'unico scopo di elaborare nuove forme di classificazioni diagnostiche, è una psichiatria che perde di vista l'essere umano nella sua globalità, si disinteressa dello stato di sofferenza vissuta dal paziente, perde di mira la patogenesi del disturbo, commette un grossolano errore, nel momento in cui isola il sintomo dalla struttura di personalità, producendo errori altrettanto gravi a livello terapeutico-assistenziale. Tale prospettiva influenza, inevitabilmente, anche alcune forme di psicoterapie, sollecitando paradigmi e strategie di intervento, mirati prevalentemente alla risoluzione del sintomo e snaturando, così, anche il significato stesso del concetto di psicoterapia. Con la pretesa di definire criteri più oggettivi di selezione e categorizzazione dei pazienti, ai fini della ricerca, non ci si accorge di incrementare la disomogeneità. Un paziente infatti, non può essere confrontato con un altro, trascurando le caratteristiche dell'intera struttura di personalità, l'influenza su di essa esercitata dal sistema sociale e relazionale di riferimento e le sue capacità reattive. Di questo complesso sistema il sintomo, che ne costituisce solo la parte più periferica, non può rappresentare un criterio di omologazione valido. Una psichiatria, prevalentemente orientata alla sistematizzazione nosografica, trascura, inoltre, la relazione terapeutica, il rapporto comunicativo con il paziente, il lavoro di formazione e di analisi introspettiva del terapeuta, lo studio della psicopatologia, minando alla base le radici stesse della psichiatria.
Sapiente senilità
Authors: Gorlani Luisa
Published: July 2016

Attraverso l'ausilio di contributi letterari, scientifici e personali l'autrice compie un'articolata riflessione sul percorso che porta l'uomo ad affrontare con sapienza lo stato della senilità.Quest'ultima è una condizione che comporta per l'essere umano una profonda crisi esistenziale e una continua ricerca di senso.Il contesto moderno e l'attuale allungamento della durata media della vita impone la necessità di un nuovo approccio alla vecchiaia su tre fronti: statale, familiare, personale, aspetti che l'autrice analizza con attenzione.
Floroquinone induces apoptosis and inhibits carcinoma growth in mouse tumor xenograft model of anaplastic thyroid cancer
Authors: Zhao Li-Na , Chen Li-Bo , Hao Xiu-Hua , Hu Zhang , Zhang Jing , Zhang Chun-Hai
Published: July 2016

In the present study, effects of floroquinone on anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines and mouse tumor xenografts were investigated. Increase in the concentration of floroquinone from 10 to 100 µM reduced the cell growth from 98 to 17% after 48 hours in HOTHC cells. Similarly, in FRO cells growth rate was found to be 96 and 21%, respectively at 10 and 100 µM concentra-tions of floroquinone. Western blot analysis showed a marked reduction in Bcl-2 expression and increased in Bax, caspase-3 and cleaved PARP expre-ssion in HOTHC cell lines on treatment with floroquinone. Floroquinone treatment of the HOTHC cells led to inhibition of the cobalt chloride-induced increase in the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. In HOTHC cells, floroquinone treatment inhibited the tube formation and migration potential significantly compared to control cells. Treatment of the mouse bearing HOTHC tumor xenograft with 50 and 100 mg/kg doses of floroquinone alternatively for one month reduced the tumor volume to 48 and 17%, respectively compared to the control. Thus, floroquinone effectively inhibits growth of thyroid cancer and can be used for its treatment.

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Migration assay: 1 min 09 sec

 
Species identification of Candida isolated from clinical specimens in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Nigar Lsmet , Tarafder Shirin , Khan Rehana Razzak , Ahmed S. M. Ali , Saleh Ahmed Abu
Published: July 2016

Background: Candida species are responsible for various clinical manifestations from mucocutaneous overgrowth to blood stream infections especially in immunocompromized situations. Although C. albicans is the most prevalent species, high incidence of non-albicans Candida species with antifungal resistance are emerging which is posing a serious threat to the patients care.Objective: This study aimed to isolate and identify different species of Candida from different clinical specimens. Methods: A total of 100 different clinical specimens were studied of which 35 were oral swab, 28 were high vaginal swab, 15 were urine, 14 were nail, 04 were bronchoalveolar lavage and peritoneal fluid were 04. Among 100 clinical specimens, Candida isolates were identified in 64 specimens. Isolation of Candida species was done by primary culture in SDA. Subsequent identification of species were performed by germ tube test, subculture in chromo­genic agar medium and carbohydrate assimilation test with commonly used twelve sugars.Results: Out of 64 isolated Candida species, Candida albicans were 51.56% and the non-albicans Candida species were 48.44%. The most prevalent Candida species was C. albicans 33 (51.53%) followed by C. tropicalis 17 (26.56%). C. glabrata 4 (6.25%), C. parapsilo­sis 4 (6.25%), C. krusei 3 (4.68%) and C. guilliermondii 2 (3.2%). One of the isolated Candida species was unidentified.Conclusion: Though Candida albicans was found as the most common species, but non-albicans Candida species are appearing as emerging pathogens as well. Exposure to chemotherapy appeared to be the commonest predisposing factor for Candida infection followed by indwelling urinary catheter in situ for prolong period.
Repair of aortic arch aneurysm under cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermia with low flow: A case report
Authors: Hoque Md. Rezwanul , Gurung Dinesh , Alauddin Md. , Bhandari Shanker , Pradhan Rajat , Nuruzzaman Mostafa
Published: July 2016

Aortic arch surgery is the challenging and most difficult surgery among the cardiovascular operations. Cerebral and spinal complications are the most feared and common complications of aortic arch surgery. With best available techniques for cerebral and spinal protection, anesthetic management and good post-operative care; aortic arch surgery is considerably safer nowadays and satisfactory results can be achieved in most patients. Also, selecting the sites for arterial cannulation to maintain whole body circulation, during isolation of the aortic arch to operate on it, need proper anatomical description of the extent of the aneurysm. This is also achievable by the availability of the imaging techniques like Computed Tomog­raphy (CT) with or without contrast, CT Angiography (CTA) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). We are reporting a case of aneurysm of aortic arch in a young adult, who had undergone repair under cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermia with low flow and had normal convalescence without any cerebral or spinal complications.
Effects of Aerosols on Radiative Forcing and Climate Over East Asia With Different SO2 Emissions
Authors: Xie Xiaoning , Liu Xiaodong , Wang Hongli , Wang Zhaosheng
Published: July 2016

It is known that aerosol and precursor gas emissions over East Asia may be underestimated by 50% due to the absence of data on regional rural and township industries. As the most important element of anthropogenic emissions, sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) can form sulfate aerosols through several chemical processes, thus affecting the regional and global climate. In this study, we use the Community Atmospheric Model 5.1 (CAM5.1) to investigate the effects of anthropogenic aerosols on radiative forcing and the climate over East Asia, taking into consideration various SO 2 emission levels, including double the amount of SO 2 emissions over East Asia. Numerical experiments are performed using high-resolution CAM5.1 with pre-industrial (PI) and present day (PD) aerosol emission levels, and with PD aerosol emission levels with double SO 2 emissions over East Asia (PD2SO2). The simulated aerosol optical depth and surface sulfate concentrations over East Asia are significantly increased in PD2SO2, which is in better agreement with the observational results. The simulation results show extensive aerosol direct and indirect radiative forcing for PD−PI (the difference between PI and PD), which significantly weakens the large-scale intensity of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and reduces the summer precipitation. Compared to PD, the aerosol direct radiative forcing is significantly increased in PD2SO2, whereas the aerosol indirect radiative forcing is markedly decreased due to the inhibition of cloud formation, especially over North China. The increase in aerosol direct radiative forcing and decrease in aerosol indirect radiative forcing result in insignificant changes in the total amount of aerosol radiative forcing. These results also show that the large-scale intensity of the EASM and the associated summer precipitation are insensitive to the doubling of current SO 2 emissions.
Potential Sources and Formations of the PM2.5 Pollution in Urban Hangzhou
Authors: Wu Jian , Xu Chang , Wang Qiongzhen , Cheng Wen
Published: July 2016

Continuous measurements of meteorological parameters, gaseous pollutants, particulate matters, and the major chemical species in PM2.5 were conducted in urban Hangzhou from 1 September to 30 November 2013 to study the potential sources and formations of PM2.5 pollution. The average PM2.5 concentration was 69 µg·m−3, ~97% higher than the annual concentration limit in the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) of China. Relative humidity (RH) and wind speed (WS) were two important factors responsible for the increase of PM2.5 concentration, with the highest value observed under RH of 70%–90%. PM2.5 was in good correlation with both NO2 and CO, but not with SO2, and the potential source contribution function (PSCF) results displayed that local emissions were important potential sources contributing to the elevated PM2.5 and NO2 in Hangzhou. Thus, local vehicle emission was suggested as a major contribution to the PM2.5 pollution. Concentrations of NO2 and CO significantly increased in pollution episodes, while the SO2 concentration even decreased, implying local emission rather than region transport was the major source contributing to the formation of pollution episodes. The sum of SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+ accounted for ~50% of PM2.5 in mass in pollution episodes and the NO3−/EC ratios were significantly elevated, revealing that the formation of secondary inorganic species, particularly NO3−, was an important contributor to the PM2.5 pollution in Hangzhou. This study highlights that controlling local pollution emissions was essential to reduce the PM2.5 pollution in Hangzhou, and the control of vehicle emission in particular should be further promoted in the future.
Graphite–Cement Paste: A New Coating of Reinforced Concrete Structural Elements for the Application of Electrochemical Anti-Corrosion Treatments
Authors: Climent Miguel-Ángel , Carmona Jesús , Garcés Pedro
Published: July 2016

This paper reviews research carried out towards the development of a novel conductive coating for reinforced concrete structures in order to enable the application of electrochemical anti-corrosion treatments. The coating is composed of a hardened paste containing graphite powder and cement. The applied techniques were electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE), cathodic protection (CP), and cathodic prevention, as well as combined treatments such as ECE-CP. This research has demonstrated their efficiency when using the new conductive coating as an anode system. The influence of the shape of the structural elements on the performance of the electrochemical treatments was also studied. Several characteristics of the coating have been determined, such as conductivity, durability, adhesion to the concrete surfaces, and ease of application. The results demonstrate the adequacy of using this coating as the anode for anti-corrosion treatments on reinforced concrete structural elements of different shapes, for the purpose of extending service life.
Monitoring and Analysing Changes in Temperature and Energy in the Ground with Installed Horizontal Ground Heat Exchangers
Authors: Pauli Pavel , Neuberger Pavel , Adamovský Radomír
Published: July 2016

The objective of this work was to monitor and analyse temperature changes in the ground with installed linear and Slinky-type horizontal ground heat exchangers (HGHEs), used as low-potential heat pump energy sources. Specific heat flows and specific energies extracted from the ground during the heating season were also measured and compared. The verification results showed that the average daily ground temperatures with the two HGHEs are primarily affected by the temperature of the ambient environment. The ground temperatures were higher than ambient temperature during most of the heating season, were only seldom below zero, and were higher by an average 1.97 ± 0.77 K in the ground with the linear HGHE than in the ground with the Slinky-type HGHE. Additionally, the specific thermal output extracted from the ground by the HGHE was higher by 8.45 ± 16.57 W/m2 with the linear system than with the Slinky system. The specific energies extracted from the ground over the whole heating season were 110.15 kWh/m2 and 57.85 kWh/m2 for the linear and Slinky-type HGHEs, respectively.
A Least Squares Support Vector Machine Optimized by Cloud-Based Evolutionary Algorithm for Wind Power Generation Prediction
Authors: Wu Qunli , Peng Chenyang
Published: July 2016

Accurate wind power generation prediction, which has positive implications for making full use of wind energy, seems still a critical issue and a huge challenge. In this paper, a novel hybrid approach has been proposed for wind power generation forecasting in the light of Cloud-Based Evolutionary Algorithm (CBEA) and Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LSSVM). In order to improve the forecasting precision, a two-way comparison approach is conducted to preprocess the original wind power generation data. The pertinent parameters of LSSVM are optimized by using CBEA to verify the learning and generalization abilities of the LSSVM model. The experimental results indicate that the forecasting performance of the proposed model is better than the single LSSVM model and all of the other models for comparison. Moreover, the paired-sample t-test is employed to cast light on the applicability of the developed model.
Soil Elements Influencing Community Structure in an Old-Growth Forest in Northeastern China
Authors: Xu Wei , Hao Minhui , Wang Juan , Zhang Chunyu , Zhao Xiuhai , Gadow Klaus
Published: July 2016

This study uses detailed soil and vegetation data collected in a 30-ha old-growth broad-leaved Korean pine forest to study the effect of soil properties on tree community structures. Spatial distribution patterns are simulated using a homogeneous Poisson process (HomP) and a homogeneous Thomas process (HomT). The simulated distributions are compared with the observed ones to explore correlations between certain tree species and several soil elements. The HomP model shows that all tested tree species are significantly correlated with at least one principal component in the upper-layer soil elements. The HomT model shows that only 36.4% of tree species are significantly correlated with the principal component of at least one upper-layer soil element. This result shows that the impact of dispersal limitation is greater than impact of environmental heterogeneity on species spatial distributions. The spatial autocorrelation of species induced by the dispersal limitation will largely conceal the plant-soil relationships caused by the heterogeneity of soil elements. An additional analysis shows that the elements in the upper soil layer which have the greatest impact on community niche structure are Pb, total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), Cu, Cr, Zn and available nitrogen (AN). The corresponding elements in the lower soil layers are Pb, TP, Cu, organic carbon (OC), Mn, total potassium (TK) and AN. Different species seem to be complementary regarding the demands on the available soil resources. The results of this study show that the tree species in the different growth groups have different habitat preferences. Compared with subcanopy and shrub species, the canopy species have more significant correlations with the soil elements.
When Wiki Technology Meets Corporate Knowledge Management Routines: A Sociomateriality Perspective
Authors: Brainin Esther , Arazy Ofer
Published: July 2016

There seems to be an inherent tension between wiki affordances—open boundaries, unconstrained editing, and transparency—and traditional knowledge management (KM) routines used in firms. The objective of this study is to investigate how users respond to these tensions during adoption of wiki technology at the workplace. The theoretical lens of sociomateriality highlights the manner in which routines and materiality (namely, technology) relate to one another, providing a useful conceptualization for our investigation. In particular, we adopt Leonardi’s theory of human and material imbrication, which stresses the importance of a worker’s past experiences with technology in determining his future adoption decisions. Extending Leonardi’s conceptualization, we suggest that out-of-work experiences are also influential. Namely, we argue that attitudes towards Wikipedia influence one’s response to wiki deployment in the workplace. Using an online survey containing four open-ended questions, we assessed the perceptions of employees towards wiki deployment. Results from our qualitative analysis of 1032 responses reveal five approaches users take in responding to the tensions between wiki affordances and existing KM routines, highlighting the effect of users’ dispositions towards Wikipedia. Our findings inform the sociomateriality literature and shed light on the challenges faced by organizations trying to adopt social media tools.
Modification and Potential Application of Short-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoate (SCL-PHA)
Authors: Wang Shichao , Chen Wei , Xiang Hengxue , Yang Junjie , Zhou Zhe , Zhu Meifang
Published: July 2016

As the only kind of naturally-occurring biopolyester synthesized by various microorganisms, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) shows a great market potential in packaging, fiber, biomedical, and other fields due to its biodegradablity, biocompatibility, and renewability. However, the inherent defects of scl-PHA with low 3HV or 4HB content, such as high stereoregularity, slow crystallization rate, and particularly the phenomena of formation of large-size spherulites and secondary crystallization, restrict the processing and stability of scl-PHA, as well as the application of its products. Many efforts have focused on the modification of scl-PHA to improve the mechanical properties and the applicability of obtained scl-PHA products. The modification of structure and property together with the potential applications of scl-PHA are covered in this review to give a comprehensive knowledge on the modification and processing of scl-PHA, including the effects of physical blending, chemical structure design, and processing conditions on the crystallization behaviors, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of scl-PHA.
Quantifying Surface Water Dynamics at 30 Meter Spatial Resolution in the North American High Northern Latitudes 1991–2011
Authors: Carroll Mark , Wooten Margaret , DiMiceli Charlene , Sohlberg Robert , Kelly Maureen
Published: July 2016

The availability of a dense time series of satellite observations at moderate (30 m) spatial resolution is enabling unprecedented opportunities for understanding ecosystems around the world. A time series of data from Landsat was used to generate a series of three maps at decadal time step to show how surface water has changed from 1991 to 2011 in the high northern latitudes of North America. Previous attempts to characterize the change in surface water in this region have been limited in either spatial or temporal resolution, or both. This series of maps was generated for the NASA Arctic and Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE), which began in fall 2015. These maps show a “nominal” extent of surface water by using multiple observations to make a single map for each time step. This increases the confidence that any detected changes are related to climate or ecosystem changes not simply caused by short duration weather events such as flood or drought. The methods and comparison to other contemporary maps of the region are presented here. Initial verification results indicate 96% producer accuracy and 54% user accuracy when compared to 2-m resolution WorldView-2 data. All water bodies that were omitted were one Landsat pixel or smaller, hence below detection limits of the instrument.
Applying Social Science to Assess Public Interaction with Shale Gas
Authors: Strobl Matthew , Southwell Brian , Norman Jason , McCormack Lauren , Pulliam Paul
Published: July 2016

We propose a research agenda for the application of social science methods to enhance the understanding of the public’s relationship with shale gas. We summarize the history of shale gas usage and the recent increase in its prominence as a source of energy, as well as some of the relevant policy and media issues which have been discussed. We identify questions for study regarding the public’s knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KABs) related to shale gas. An increased understanding of these KABs will help to clarify options for public policy and may identify other energy-related public perception issues requiring additional study. An example of a possible research direction we consider is the extent to which the public has grasped a link between the use of shale gas and the resulting personal environmental and economic costs or benefits. We discuss theoretical considerations that can inform a research agenda, including constructs from psychological and behavioral theory. We discuss next steps aimed at developing a research agenda that can help provide statistically reliable estimates as well as in-depth context of KABs about shale gas. We identify priorities as the field moves forward: transparency, evidence-based decision making, clear communication, and civic engagement.
THE FIRST DETECTIONS OF THE KEY PREBIOTIC MOLECULE PO IN STAR-FORMING REGIONS
Authors: Rivilla V. M. , Fontani F. , Beltrán M. T. , Vasyunin A. , Caselli P. , Martín-Pintado J. , Cesaroni R.
Published: July 2016

Phosphorus is a crucial element in biochemistry, in particular the P−O bond, which is key in the formation of the backbone of deoxyribonucleic acid. So far, PO has only been detected toward the envelope of evolved stars, but never toward star-forming regions. We report the first detection of PO toward two massive star-forming regions, W51 e1/e2 and W3(OH), using data from the IRAM 30 m telescope. PN has also been detected toward the two regions. The abundance ratio PO/PN is 1.8 and 3 for W51 and W3(OH), respectively. Our chemical model indicates that the two molecules are chemically related and are formed via gas-phase ion–molecule and neutral–neutral reactions during cold collapse. The molecules freeze out onto grains at the end of the collapse and desorb during the warm-up phase once the temperature reaches ∼35 K. Similar abundances of the two species are expected during a period of ∼5 × 104 yr at the early stages of the warm-up phase, when the temperature is in the range 35–90 K. The observed molecular abundances of 10−10 are predicted by the model if a relatively high initial abundance of 5 × 10−9 of depleted phosphorus is assumed.
THE IMPACT OF SURFACE TEMPERATURE INHOMOGENEITIES ON QUIESCENT NEUTRON STAR RADIUS MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Elshamouty K. G. , Heinke C. O. , Morsink S. M. , Bogdanov S. , Stevens A. L.
Published: July 2016

Fitting the thermal X-ray spectra of neutron stars (NSs) in quiescent X-ray binaries can constrain the masses and radii of NSs. The effect of undetected hot spots on the spectrum, and thus on the inferred NS mass and radius, has not yet been explored for appropriate atmospheres and spectra. A hot spot would harden the observed spectrum, so that spectral modeling tends to infer radii that are too small. However, a hot spot may also produce detectable pulsations. We simulated the effects of a hot spot on the pulsed fraction and spectrum of the quiescent NSs X5 and X7 in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae, using appropriate spectra and beaming for hydrogen atmosphere models, incorporating special and general relativistic effects, and sampling a range of system angles. We searched for pulsations in archival Chandra HRC-S observations of X5 and X7, placing 90% confidence upper limits on their pulsed fractions below 16%. We use these pulsation limits to constrain the temperature differential of any hot spots, and to then constrain the effects of possible hot spots on the X-ray spectrum and the inferred radius from spectral fitting. We find that hot spots below our pulsation limit could bias the spectroscopically inferred radius downward by up to 28%. For Cen X-4 (which has deeper published pulsation searches), an undetected hot spot could bias its inferred radius downward by up to 10%. Improving constraints on pulsations from quiescent LMXBs may be essential for progress in constraining their radii.
MAGNETIC FIELD IN ATYPICAL PROMINENCE STRUCTURES: BUBBLE, TORNADO, AND ERUPTION
Authors: Levens P. J. , Schmieder B. , López Ariste A. , Labrosse N. , Dalmasse K. , Gelly B.
Published: July 2016

Spectropolarimetric observations of prominences have been obtained with the THEMIS telescope during four years of coordinated campaigns. Our aim is now to understand the conditions of the cool plasma and magnetism in “atypical” prominences, namely when the measured inclination of the magnetic field departs, to some extent, from the predominantly horizontal field found in “typical” prominences. What is the role of the magnetic field in these prominence types? Are plasma dynamics more important in these cases than the magnetic support? We focus our study on three types of “atypical” prominences (tornadoes, bubbles, and jet-like prominence eruptions) that have all been observed by THEMIS in the He i D3 line, from which the Stokes parameters can be derived. The magnetic field strength, inclination, and azimuth in each pixel are obtained by using the inversion method of principal component analysis on a model of single scattering in the presence of the Hanle effect. The magnetic field in tornadoes is found to be more or less horizontal, whereas for the eruptive prominence it is mostly vertical. We estimate a tendency toward higher values of magnetic field strength inside the bubbles than outside in the surrounding prominence. In all of the models in our database, only one magnetic field orientation is considered for each pixel. While sufficient for most of the main prominence body, this assumption appears to be oversimplified in atypical prominence structures. We should consider these observations as the result of superposition of multiple magnetic fields, possibly even with a turbulent field component.
Speed Posters: An Alternative to Traditional Poster and Podium Sessions
Authors: Wagnes Lisa D.
Published: July 2016

Speed posters were used as an alternative concurrent session option during a national nursing education conference. The session format was received positively by both participants and presenters, and, as a result, recommendations for use were developed by the conference planners.

J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2016;47(8):344–346.
Tips for Conducting the Pre-Brief for a Simulation
Authors: Stephenson Evelyn , Poore Julie
Published: July 2016

The pre-brief is an important part of a simulation. It offers participants an orientation to the simulation environment and enables them to reach the intended goals and objectives of the learning activity. This article describes the components of the pre-brief and provides practical tips on how to conduct this step using a simulation. These teaching strategies will help provide a positive learning experience for participants.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2016;47(8):353–355.
Experimentación etnográfica: infraestructuras de campo y re-aprendizajes de la antropología
Authors: Estalella Adolfo , Sánchez Criado Tomás
Published: July 2016

¿Cómo sería un ejercicio de experimentación etnográfica en el trabajo de campo? Pareciera que las etnografías de las últimas décadas dedicadas al estudio de los nuevos medios, la ciencia y las organizaciones globales nos ofrecieran la posibilidad, o plantearan la necesidad, de reconsiderar la forma y norma del trabajo de campo etnográfico. Este artículo discute a partir de nuestra experiencia etnográfica lo que designamos como formas de trabajo de campo experimentales. Planteamos nuestro argumento a través de la narración de un proyecto de pedagogía urbana realizado en estrecha colaboración con dos colectivos de arquitectura: una infraestructura urbana de aprendizaje, informada por los lenguajes vernáculos del campo y nuestras conceptualizaciones etnográficas, un gesto recursivo que vuelve nuestros hallazgos etnográficos sobre nuestra propia práctica. Argumentamos que este proyecto nos ofrece la posibilidad de re-aprender y reimaginar nuestra experiencia etnográfica, no mediante la estética tradicional del encuentro etnográfico sino a través de una instalación infraestructural que acondiciona el campo para lo que describimos como un ejercicio experimental. Nuestra evocación de lo experimental no pretende ser un ejercicio de ruptura con el método sino una renovación del vocabulario descriptivo y lenguaje conceptual de los relatos de campo de nuestras etnografías.
La colaboración como condición: la etnografía participativa como oportunidad para la acción
Authors: Berraquero-Díaz Luis , Maya-Rodríguez Francisco , Escalera Reyes Francisco Javier
Published: July 2016

Partiendo de varias experiencias de investigaciones colaborativas llevadas a cabo en Sevilla entre activistas e investigadores, este artículo presenta contextos activistas en los que la colaboración es planteada como una condición sine qua non para llevar a cabo la investigación, analiza las nociones de etnografías colaborativas y los contextos en los que surgen, y reflexiona sobre las coincidencias y diferencias con las propuestas de la investigación social y acción participativa. Por otro lado, propone la etnografía acción participativa como una aproximación que permite: aprovechar la capacidad analítica del método etnográfico para establecer un diálogo mutuo, crítico y horizontal con aquellos que tradicionalmente han sido vistos como «objetos de investigación», favorecer la co-generación de conocimientos situados, incorporar el carácter procesual y la voluntad por la acción transformadora en las investigaciones colaborativas y superar la deriva tecnocrática que reduce la investigación acción participativa a la utilización de técnicas, tecnologías o procedimientos considerados participativos.
Cartas Marruecas: cábalas financieras y cábilas rifeñas en el archivo de la Casa Larrinaga-Echevarrieta
Authors: Ayán Vila Xurxo M. , García Rodríguez Sonia
Published: July 2016

Publicamos en nuestro artículo un documento inédito de gran interés etnográfico: la memoria escrita en 1921 por un explorador a sueldo al servicio del empresario vasco Horacio Echevarrieta. El autor escribe una detallada síntesis de su viaje a la búsqueda de supuestas minas de hierro en una zona del Rif central fuera del control del Ejército colonial español. Esta memoria recoge, sin querer, una imagen vívida del Protectorado en 1921, todo un hervidero de individuos sin escrúpulos: militares ambiciosos, exploradores-embaucadores, pícaros, agentes de compañías mineras, espías e «indígenas» locales con diferentes intereses y grados de aculturación. Nuestro trabajo analiza este contexto colonial y destaca las identidades híbridas generadas por la presencia del capital europeo en la zona.
Diáspora bayfal en España: disputando la migración senegalesa murid
Authors: Massó Guijarro Ester
Published: July 2016

El principal objetivo de este artículo es estudiar el movimiento bayfal (bayfalismo) en el seno del muridismo, desde una perspectiva transnacional y como adscripción específicamente migratoria en la contemporaneidad. Se comparará el bayfalismo original como heterodoxia sufí en Senegal, dentro de la cofradía Muridiyya, con el caso de estudio en la diáspora migratoria en Madrid (España) y secundaria y complementariamente Granada (Andalucía, España). Se trabaja la hipótesis de que la diáspora está cambiando tanto la forma de adscripción al bayfalismo (intensificando las adhesiones, de hecho), como los contenidos identitarios en sí de esta categoría. Asimismo, se analizará cómo los elementos típicamente sufíes en el bayfalismo resultan más visibles o prevalentes frente a su condición islámica. La metodología usada es una conjunción de etnografía y análisis bibliográfico.
«Sangres» para propiciar la vida: metáforas y creencias sobre la concepción «humana» en el altiplano andino
Authors: Vicente Martín Patricia
Published: July 2016

Este artículo tiene como objetivo la reflexión sobre la participación de las entidades tutelares en la regulación y propiciación de la fertilidad en general y de la «humana» en particular en los Andes. La primera parte del estudio aborda la participación de las fuerzas telúricas en la multiplicación del ganado y la propiciación de la vida vegetal, así como de las riquezas en general. Frente a la visibilidad de estos ritos propiciatorios, la génesis de los nuevos individuos se enmascara en un lenguaje en el cual abundan las referencias a las «sangres» y al exceso de calor. El estudio de las ideas acerca de la concepción y la fertilidad humana en los Andes pasa por una sistematización de las referencias halladas en la literatura etnográfica, y por la exposición de mis propias investigaciones en áreas rurales de Potosí. Tras ello se abordan las retóricas corporales de los cuerpos gestantes que propician la vida y sus especificidades con el fin de ahondar en la compresión de los conceptos de fertilidad de las gentes del altiplano.
Rôle des compétences sociales et sens de leur interactivité dans la formation : quelles implications pour la recherche et les pratiques pédagogiques ?
Authors: Abbet Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2016

Dans un contexte d’émergence pour la recherche en éducation, la question de la prise en compte aux niveaux secondaire I et secondaire II des compétences sociales des apprenants est soulevée et exemplifiée dans cet article. Il s’agit de viser une intégration de ceux-ci dans le système éducatif, avec une perspective d’insertion sociale et professionnelle. Quelques points de repères introduisent tout d’abord à diverses conceptions ou approches récentes dans ce domaine. Le rôle et les enjeux de telles compétences en regard des buts visés sont ensuite mis en évidence comme cadre théorique d’une recherche qui a été conduite en Suisse, dans le canton de Vaud. Les caractéristiques des compétences sociales retenues sont alors précisées, et celles-ci définies. Sur la base de résultats empiriques déjà publiés – et considérant que cette question interroge directement le type de questionnement auprès des répondants –, les implications de l’interactivité intrinsèque à ces compétences sont enfin posées et discutées.
Les Temps d’Activités Périscolaires (TAP) : expérience scolaire et compétences transversales développées par les élèves
Authors: Espinosa Gaelle , Barthélemy Véronique , Dejaiffe Benoit
Published: July 2016

Cet article a pour objectif de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance des compétences transversales développées par les élèves lors des Temps d’Activités Périscolaires (TAP). Dans un paradigme compréhensif, nous avons conduit une enquête à la fois quantitative et qualitative auprès d’enfants d’une école primaire de la Meuse. Cet article se centre sur l’étude de trois compétences transversales, d’ordre cognitif, social et socio-affectif : la compréhension et l’adaptation à une nouvelle organisation (incluant les stratégies de choix d’activités), les socialisations et sociabilités juvéniles et le rapport aux adultes. Nos résultats montrent que les TAP proposent de nouvelles modalités d’organisation ou de relations susceptibles d’influencer les attitudes et comportements des élèves en classe et à l’école, permettent le développement de compétences, dont certaines sont transversales à la classe et l’école, et sont constitutifs de l’expérience scolaire des élèves.
Usages et mésusages des compétences transversales : cas des pratiques d’éducation familiale
Authors: Pinsolle Julie , Sarrazy Bernard
Published: July 2016

Les auteurs interrogent les présupposés impliqués dans la notion de compétence transversale telle qu’elle est apparue depuis 2007 dans le champ de l’éducation familiale. Dans une première partie, une clarification de cette notion est présentée, puis discutée principalement à partir de la philosophie de l’usage de Wittgenstein. La seconde partie permettra de révéler les faiblesses d’une telle idéologie en montrant empiriquement la fragilité des postulats sur lesquels elle repose (principalement à propos de la transversalité et d’homogénéité des situations).
Les chercheurs, la recherche, face à la formation permanente. De l'utopie à la norme
Authors: Barbichon Noël
Published: July 2016

Les écoles thématiques organisées depuis 1973 sous l’égide de la formation permanente ont fait la preuve de leur adéquation à l’acquisition des habiletés requises aux pratiques de recherche. Rançon de leur succès (actuellement, plus d’une centaine d’écoles par an), une normalisation des procédures de mise en œuvre et des critères d’agrément s’est progressivement établie. Les fondements de tels critères, lesquels reposent sur la spécificité des compétences, connaissances et savoir-faire à acquérir, sont ici examinés. Les nouvelles procédures attestent de leur souscription à ces fondements.
Désordres dans la troisième dimension. Un cheminement entre formation et interdisciplinarité, témoignage de Jean-Claude André
Authors: André Jean-Claude
Published: July 2016

L’émergence de procédés de fabrication additive au travers de la stéréo-lithographie laser sert de fil conducteur à cet article. Quand la situation de liberté des chercheurs le permet, la créativité peut conduire à des innovations technologiques. La pression liée à la compétitivité est un stimulant pour la fabrication additive mais tous les champs applicatifs ne sont pas couverts et de nombreux progrès sont encore à faire sur un thème où la créativité et l’interdisciplinarité sont à soutenir. Mais est-ce possible avec le « New Public Management » ?
RasGRP1 and RasGRP3 Are Required for Efficient Generation of Early Thymic Progenitors
Authors: Golec Dominic P. , Henao Caviedes Laura M. , Baldwin Troy A.
Published: July 2016

T cell development is dependent on the migration of progenitor cells from the bone marrow to the thymus. Upon reaching the thymus, progenitors undergo a complex developmental program that requires inputs from various highly conserved signaling pathways including the Notch and Wnt pathways. To date, Ras signaling has not been implicated in the very earliest stages of T cell differentiation, but members of a family of Ras activators called RasGRPs have been shown to be involved at multiple stages of T cell development. We examined early T cell development in mice lacking RasGRP1, RasGRP3, and RasGRPs 1 and 3. We report that RasGRP1- and RasGRP3-deficient thymi show significantly reduced numbers of early thymic progenitors (ETPs) relative to wild type thymi. Furthermore, RasGRP1/3 double-deficient thymi show significant reductions in ETP numbers compared with either RasGRP1 or RasGRP3 single-deficient thymi, suggesting that both RasGRP1 and RasGRP3 regulate the generation of ETPs. In addition, competitive bone marrow chimera experiments reveal that RasGRP1/3 double-deficient progenitors intrinsically generate ETPs less efficiently than wild type progenitors. Finally, RasGRP1/3-deficient progenitors show impaired migration toward the CCR9 ligand, CCL25, suggesting that RasGRP1 and RasGRP3 may regulate progenitor entry into the thymus through a CCR9-dependent mechanism. These data demonstrate that, in addition to Notch and Wnt, the highly conserved Ras pathway is critical for the earliest stages of T cell development and further highlight the importance of Ras signaling during thymocyte maturation.
Assessment of self-reported adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes in Matlala District Hospital, Limpopo Province
Authors: Adegbola Sadeen A. , Marincowitz Gert J.O. , Govender Indiran , Ogunbanjo Gboyega A.O.
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Complications associated with Diabetes Mellitus are a burden to health services, especially in resource poor settings. These complications are associated with substandard care and poor adherence to treatment plans. The aim of the study was to assess the self-reported adherence to treatment amongst patients with type 2 diabetes in Matlala District Hospital, Limpopo Province. Methods: This cross-sectional study used convenience sampling with a standardised, validated questionnaire. Data were collected over 4 months, and Microsoft Excel was used for data capturing. Results: We found that 137 (70%) of the participants considered themselves adherent to their diabetes medication. Younger age (p = 0.028), current employment (p = 0.018) and keeping appointment were factors significantly associated with adherence. Reasons given for poor adherence were that the clinic did not have their pills (29%), they had forgotten to take their medication (16%) and gone travelling without taking enough pills (14%). Reasons given for poor adherences to a healthy lifestyle were being too old (29%), 22% had no specific reason, 13% struggled to motivate themselves and 10% simply forgot what to do. Sixty-eight percent of the adhered participants recommended the use of medication at meal times, 14% set a reminder, and 8% used the assistance of a treatment supporter. Conclusions and recommendations: The study revealed a higher than expected reported level of adherence to diabetes treatment. Further research is needed to assess whether self-reported adherence corresponds to the metabolic control of the patients and to improve services.
Enhancing the well-being of support services staff in higher education: The power of appreciation
Authors: Van Straaten Laurika , Du Plessis Annelize , Van Tonder S.P. Fanus
Published: July 2016

Orientation: A literature search for studies on the well-being of support staff of higher education institutions (HEIs) produced very little results. Appreciation was then used to identify elements that might enhance the well-being of a selected HEI’s support staff.Research purpose: The aim was to explore the strengths of a selected HEI that might serve as driving forces for enhancing its support staff’s well-being.Motivation for the study: The lack of research on the well-being of support staff motivated the study. A need was identified to explore driving forces that might enhance their well-being.Research design, approach and method: A literature review guided by theoretical perspectives and theories on staff well-being was conducted. Subsequently, a qualitative action research design involving an Appreciative Inquiry (AI) workshop with support staff of an institution was followed.Main findings: The following strengths that might serve as driving forces for enhancing the well-being of the institution’s support services staff were identified: hard-working and dedicated support staff, positive relations among colleagues, a willingness to adapt to change,good remuneration and benefits, job security and a supportive work environment. Appreciative Inquiry was found to be well suited for identifying such strengths, as opposed to methods that focus on identifying problems or weaknesses of an organisation. As a result of this study, the relevant institution might react and build on these identified strengths towards promoting the well-being of its support staff.Practical/managerial implications: Institutions should make an effort to enhance staff well being. The results of the study could also be used to encourage HEIs to use AI to establish optimal staff well-being.Contribution/value add: The study confirmed the power of appreciation to identify the strengths that might serve as driving forces for enhancing the well-being of support staff of an HEI.
Investigation of the growth patterns of non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas using volumetric assessments on serial MRI investigations
Authors: Pieterse Jaco , De Vries Coert S. , Otto Susanna F.
Published: July 2016

Background: Benign non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas (NFMA) often cause mass effect on the optic chiasm necessitating transsphenoidal surgery to prevent blindness.However, surgery is complicated and there is a high tumour recurrence rate. Currently, very little is known about the natural (and residual post-surgical) growth patterns of these NFMA. Conflicting data describe decreased growth to exponential growth over various time periods.Due to lack of information on growth dynamics of these NFMA, suitable follow-up imaging protocols have not been described to date.Objective: To determine if NFMA grow or stay quiescent over a time period using serial MRI investigations and a stereo logical method to determine tumour volume. In addition, to evaluate if NFMA adhere to a certain growth pattern or grow at random.Method: Thirteen patients with NFMA had serial MRI investigations over a 73-month period at the Universitas Academic Hospital. Six of the selected patients had undergone previous surgery, while seven patients had received no medical or surgical intervention. By using astereological method, tumour volumes were calculated and plotted over time to demonstrate growth curves. The data were then fitted to tumour growth models already described in literature in order to obtain the best fit by calculating the r2 value.Results: Positive tumour growth was demonstrated in all cases. Tumour growth patterns of nine patients best fitted the exponential growth curve while the growth patterns of three patients best fitted the logistic growth curve. The remaining patient demonstrated a linear growth pattern.Conclusion: A specific growth model best described tumour growth observed in non-surgical and surgical cases. If follow-up imaging confirms positive growth, future growth can be predicted by extrapolation. This information can then be used to determine the relevant follow-up-imaging interval in each individual patient.