bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circling and rotational automatisms in patients with frontotemporal cortical and subcortical lesions
Authors: Schneider Richard C. , Calhoun Hazel D. , Kooi Kenneth A.
Published: May 2009

✓ The authors report five patients who had circling or rotational automatisms similar to movements described in monkeys following epileptogenic lesions. All patients were found to have intracranial lesions in the frontotemporal junction: two had tumors, one had demonstrated cerebrovascular insufficiency, one had an extensive depressed fracture, and one an aneurysm. In all patients, EEG's were performed and foci identified along with the degree of spread of electrical activity. Three were treated conservatively and two surgically, with good results; seizure activity subsided and the EEG's reverted to a more normal pattern. The importance of electroencephalographic and electrocorticographic studies is emphasized.
Subdivision of the trigeminal sensory root
Authors: Emmons W. Frank , Rhoton Albert L.
Published: May 2009

✓ In 16 rhesus monkeys, rhizotomy of the whole trigeminal nerve and selective rhizotomy of each division were carried out, and neural degeneration techniques used, to determine whether a trigeminal root component exists which projects only to the main sensory or spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. Such a root component was not found. Section of the rostral trigeminal fibers resulted in degeneration in both the main sensory nucleus and the spinal trigeminal nucleus. Section of the caudal fibers of the root produced degeneration similar to third division transection, indicating that the caudal fibers are from that division. The first- and third-division fibers were found to project to the ventral and dorsal portions of the main sensory nucleus and spinal nucleus. Findings showed that the most rostral portion of the root immediately adjacent to the motor root is predominately from the ophthalmic division. Some proprioception from the trigeminal area appears to be mediated through the medial cuneate nucleus because all the trigeminal divisions send some fibers to this nucleus.
Aneurysm in the internal auditory meatus
Authors: Hori Tomokatsu , Hirakawa Kimiyoshi , Ishijima Buichi , Manaka Shinya , Fukushima Takanori , Shimizu Natsue , Sato Tsunemasa
Published: May 2009

✓ The successful surgical treatment of an intrameatal aneurysm is reported, and the signs, symptoms, and neurootological findings discussed. Anatomical consideration of the course of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and origin of internal auditory artery are emphasized.
Pulmonary oil embolization following Pantopaque ventriculography in a patient with a ventriculovenous shunt
Authors: Allen William E. , D'Angelo Charles M.
Published: May 2009

✓ A case of pulmonary oil embolization subsequent to Pantopaque ventriculography is reported in a patient with a ventriculovenous shunt. The possibility of this complication and its sequelae are discussed.
The ventriculocaval shunt in the treatment of adult hydrocephalus
Authors: Illingworth Robin D. , Logue Valentine , Symon Lindsay , Uemura Kenichi
Published: May 2009

✓ The authors report their experience with ventriculocaval shunts in 101 adult patients with hydrocephalus, raised intracranial pressure, or disturbed cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. Following the insertion of a Holter or Pudenz ventriculocaval shunt, 43 patients developed 71 complications. The commonest of these was blockage of the ventricular catheter which was four times more likely to occur if the perforated end of the catheter was placed elsewhere than in the frontal horn of the ipsilateral lateral ventricle. Of the 71 complications, 45 occurred within 3 months of the initial insertion, and only six patients out of 66 surviving at that time developed complications later than 1 year after the initial insertion. The variable relationship of the cavoatrial junction to the skeleton in adult patients is described, and the importance of accurate placement of the ventricular and caval ends of the system emphasized.
Pain threshold alterations by brain stimulation in the monkey
Authors: Schmidek Henry H. , Fohanno Denis , Ervin Frank R. , Sweet William H.
Published: May 2009

✓ Experiments were carried out to indicate whether discrete brain stimulation would alter the pain threshold in awake squirrel monkeys subjected to pain by application of stepwise increments of current to the tail. It was found that concurrent brain stimulation will either lower the pain threshold (if applied to the central tegmental tract, ventral posteromedial nuclear group, or occasionally the periaqueductal gray matter); appear to elevate the threshold (if applied to the dorsomedial nucleus); transiently elevate the pain threshold followed shortly by a lowered threshold (if applied to the centromedian-parafascicular complex); or consistently elevate the threshold (if applied to the caudate nucleus, septal-preoptic region, or medial geniculate).
The value of preoperative angiography in the surgical management of cervical hourglass neurofibroma
Authors: Rinaldi Italo
Published: May 2009

✓ The author describes the case of an unusually large extradural cervical hourglass neurofibroma in which preoperative angiography had revealed lack of filling of the ipsilateral vertebral artery, as well as the complete vascularization of the neurofibroma. Complete preoperative angiographic evaluation in all cases of cervical dumbbell neurofibromas is felt to be essential in planning the operative procedure.
Primary empty sella
Authors: Bernasconi Vittorio , Giovanelli Massimo A. , Papo Isacco
Published: May 2009

✓ A large extension of the subarachnoid space into the sellar cavity due to hypoplasia of the sellar diaphragm may manifest itself clinically and radiologically as a syndrome simulating a hypophyseal adenoma or as cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. Gas or positive contrast encephalography aids in the diagnosis. Six cases are presented and discussed.
Pachymeningitis secondary to Allescheria boydii
Authors: Selby Roy
Published: May 2009

✓ A case is reported of Allescheria boydii pachymeningitis producing progressive paraplegia. This case, the third reported of nervous system involvement by this fungus, is unique because of its location, infectious agent, and the survival of the patient.
Meningioma of the frontal sinus
Authors: Rao S. Balaparameswara , Dinakar I. , Reddy C. R. R. M.
Published: May 2009

✓ The authors report the successful treatment of two rare cases of primary meningioma of the frontal sinus.
Extravasation of angiographic contrast material in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Kowada Masayoshi , Yamaguchi Koichi , Matsuoka Shigeru , Ito Zentaro
Published: May 2009

✓ Leakage of contrast material during angiography is an uncommon phenomenon in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Intraparenchymal extravasation was demonstrated in five of 12 patients in whom serial cartoid angiography was carried out within 5 hours of hemorrhage. Extravasated material, first noted in the arterial phase, grew in size and density until the early venous phase and was still visible on the last 10-sec film. Three of the four in whom the hematoma was evacuated surgically showed clinical improvement.
Relation of preoperative angiographic characteristics of the posterior communicating artery to the results of common carotid ligation
Authors: Tuerk Kenneth , Chase Norman E. , Kricheff Irvin I. , Lin Joseph P. , Ransohoff Joseph
Published: May 2009

✓ Twenty patients with posterior communicating artery aneurysms were treated with common carotid ligation. Postligation visualization was accomplished in 16 cases by ipsilateral brachial angiography. Two other aneurysms were visualized by contralateral brachial and contralaterial carotid angiography. The size of the aneurysm was measured before and after ligation. The relationship of postoperative reduction in size to preoperative angiographic characteristics was studied. Reduction in the size of the aneurysm occurred most often when preoperative angiography showed that the sac was long and its neck narrow, and when there was stasis of contrast material in the aneurysm.
Experimental inappropriate ADH secretion caused by positive-pressure respirators
Authors: White William A. , Bergland Richard M.
Published: May 2009

✓ A laboratory model was developed for studying antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion during mechanical respiratory assist of paralyzed rats. Inappropriate ADH secretion occurred during the use of positive-pressure respirators but did not occur when negative-pressure respirators were used.
Silver nitrate therapy as an adjunct in the treatment of myelomeningocele
Authors: Long Don M.
Published: May 2009

✓ Fifteen patients in whom immediate closure of a myelomeningocele sac was not possible were treated by continuous application of dilute solutions of silver nitrate. Local infection of the sac was prevented or irradicated in 14 of the 15 patients within 72 hours. There were no infections in subsequent shunting procedures. No adverse neurological effects were noted, although the method was usually restricted to patients with neurological deficits below the level of the myelomeningocele sac. One patient who developed persistent hyponatremia and hypochloremia after prolonged application responded well to cessation of the therapy.
Chemotherapy of brain tumors
Authors: Tator Charles H.
Published: May 2009

✓ The uptake and distribution in brain tumors of a parenterally administered chemotherapeutic agent were studied in mice bearing intracerebral implants of a transplantable ependymoblastoma. Tritiated methotrexate (3H-MTX) was injected intravenously, and autoradiographs of the tumors and adjacent brain were prepared at 2, 10, and 60 min after injection using a technique suitable for soluble compounds. In the tumors at 2 min the drug was mainly intravascular and interstitial while at 60 min the drug was mainly intracellular. This is the first demonstration of cellular uptake of a chemotherapeutic agent by neoplastic cells within the brain. At 60 min, almost all the cells in the central mass of the intracerebral tumors were heavily labeled. However, cells at the periphery of the mass and those infiltrating into adjacent brain showed scanty labeling. Uptake in normal brain was very low, while uptake in edematous brain adjacent to the tumors was much higher although not as high as in the tumors. The study shows that this chemotherapeutic agent is capable of penetrating into the neoplastic cells of an intracerebral tumor following parenteral administration, but that the degree of penetration varies considerably depending on the location of the cells within the brain.
Neurogenic intermittent claudication associated with aortic steal from the anterior spinal artery complicating coarctation of the aorta
Authors: Kendall Brian E. , Andrew John
Published: May 2009

✓ A boy born with coarctation of the aorta developed postmeningitic hydrocephalus associated with aqueductal stenosis in the first year of life; a ventriculoatrial shunt was performed. When 11 years old, following an operation on the coarctation, he developed neurogenic intermittent claudication superimposed on a preexisting spastic weakness of his legs. Investigations disclosed the intraspinal collateral vessels to be stealing blood through the anterior spinal artery to the aorta below the incompletely relieved coarctation. Revision of the coarctation repair and diversion within the thorax of the main collateral channel from the anterior spinal artery to the distal aorta relieved the intermittent claudication.
A fantastic craniotomy: excerpt from the 17th century Turkish travelogue of Evliyâ Çelebi
Authors: Kökmen Emre
Published: May 2009

✓ The author translates for our edification and amusement the picturesque report of a 17th century craniotomy, as chronicled by a Turkish raconteur, Evliyâ Çelebi, during a clandestine visit to a Vienna operating theater.—Editor
Familial gliomas
Authors: Kaufman Howard H. , Brisman Ronald
Published: May 2009

✓ A report of two more instances of familial gliomas is presented, in one instance glioblastomas in two brothers and in the other posterior fossa astrocytomas in first cousins.
Depressed skull fractures in Australia
Authors: Jamieson Kenneth G. , Yelland John D. N.
Published: May 2009

✓ The Australian authors report 322 cases of depressed fracture of the skull. Age, sex, cause, and severity of injury are analyzed in relation to 82 simple and 240 compound fractures. Associated intracranial lesions and surgical management are discussed.
Disturbances of the serum electrolytes after surgery of intracranial arterial aneurysms
Authors: Landolt Alex M. , Yasargil M. Gazi , Krayenbühl Hugo
Published: May 2009

✓ Of 126 patients operated on for aneurysms of the anterior circle of Willis (pterional microsurgical approach), 44% showed electrolyte disturbances in the postoperative period in spite of excellent clinical results. The majority of cases (26% of the total) presented mild sodium-potassium shifts with no evidence of clinical effects, this type of electrolyte shift was not a complication but a normal consequence of surgery. Patients with preexistent brain damage (7%) showed a tendency for severe sodium-potassium shift and had a bad prognosis. Ten cases showed hyperelectrolytemias (mostly hypernatremias) caused by the following disorders: diabetes insipidus (5), disturbance of thirst center (2), inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion (1), and 6 patients suffered from various other electrolyte disturbances. The influence of the aneurysm localization is discussed.
Intramedullary spinal cord sarcoidosis
Authors: Semins Howard , Nugent G. Robert , Chou Samuel M.
Published: May 2009

✓ A dorsal laminectomy was performed on a 68-year-old woman with an intramedullary mass lesion, ultimately diagnosed as sarcoidosis. This rare lesion of the spinal cord is presented with references to similar cases.
Biomedical research support today
Authors: Marston Robert Q.
Published: May 2009

✓ The Director of the National Institutes of Health discusses contemporary phenomena related to Federal support of biomedical research, particularly the separate roles of individually motivated and “targeted” or directed research. He appraises the “normal oscillations” affecting the appropriation and allocation of Federal support and concludes by emphasizing the significance of the relationship of these factors to each other.
Augmentation of neurotoxic effects of experimental aortography by the vascular reflexes induced during simulated diving
Authors: Margolis George , Mills Luther R. , Naitove Arthur
Published: May 2009

✓ Augmentation of the neurotoxic sequelae of retrograde aortography in the dog is produced by the cardiovascular responses evoked by a simulated diving procedure. This action is explained by profound peripheral vasoconstriction and resultant diversion of aortic outflow toward the neural vascular bed. These findings are in agreement with previous studies made with the use of Levarternol in conjunction with aortography. The new findings also demonstrate that physiological circulatory reflexes pose the same hazards for arteriography as do pharmacologically induced vasopressor responses.
Multiple meningiomas
Authors: Waga Shiro , Matsuda Masayuki , Handa Hajime , Matsushima Masayuki , Ando Kyozo
Published: May 2009

✓ Four cases of multiple meningiomas without the stigmata of von Recklinghausen's disease are presented.
Familial occurrence of multiple intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Nagae Kazuhisa , Goto Ikuo , Ueda Kazuo , Morotomi Yasuyuki
Published: May 2009

✓ A 48-year-old man and his 66-year-old mother had multiple intracranial saccular aneurysms visualized by angiography or verified at autopsy. Histological examination of the arteries at the base of the brain in the case autopsied showed a caterpillar tread-like appearance (“Raupenketten Elastica”) of the internal elastic lamina, which may indicate thinning of the elastic lamina and deserve consideration as a causative factor in the development of intracranial saccular aneurysms.
Stereotaxic trigeminal tractotomy for post-herpetic facial pain
Authors: Hitchcock Edward R. , Schvarcz Jorge R.
Published: May 2009

✓ The development of accurate techniques for spinal stereotaxic surgery facilitates the difficult management of post-herpetic facial pain by making possible destruction of both the spinal trigeminal nucleus and descending tract; it also elminates excitation from the nuclear overlap between cervical and facial segments and intranuclear pathways. The technique is described and three cases reported. Stereotaxic trigeminal tractotomy relieves both the hyperpathia and deep background pain of herpes.
Transoral decompression for myelopathy caused by rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine
Authors: Sukoff Michael H. , Kadin Milton M. , Moran Terrance
Published: May 2009

✓ A case of rheumatoid cervical myelopathy that responded to posterior decompression and fusion is presented. Progression of the disease ultimately required anterior decompression through a transoral approach.
Two types of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage due to hypertension
Authors: Beneš Vladimír , Koukolík František , Obrovsk´ Dagmar
Published: May 2009

✓ Analysis of 150 postmortem examinations indicates that spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in hypertensive patients develops in two ways. In the first, hemorrhage crushes the surrounding tissue, tamponades the ventricles, and produces a fatal increase in intracranial pressure. Operation on such patients does not improve the results obtained by conservative treatment. In the second type, the hemorrhage is self-limited; the hematoma that frequently develops behaves as an expanding lesion, and operative treatment can be helpful after the initial shock interval has passed. Diagnostic differentiation of the two types is not possible immediately after the stroke.
Induced seizures as therapy for experimental stroke in monkeys
Authors: Roberts Melville , Owens Guy , Vilinskas Juliet , Thomas David D.
Published: May 2009

✓ Seizures were induced in 12 monkeys rendered hemiparetic by middle cerebral artery occlusion. In a control group of five hemiparetic monkeys seizures were not induced. A mass spectrometer was used to monitor regional oxygen tension (pO2), carbon dioxide tension (pCO2) and the partial pressure of argon (pA) within the ischemic brains. Seisure activity resulted in a 74.3% mean increase in pO2 and 16.9% mean decrease in pCO2. The mean argon washout time was decreased 29.1%. The changes were transient and recovery from hemiparesis was no better in the experimental group than in the control group.
Fiber spectrum of the trigeminal sensory root of the baboon determined by electron microscopy
Authors: Young Ronald F. , King Robert B.
Published: May 2009

✓ Using random sampling methods and the electron microscope we have verified the impression gained from light microscopy that unmyelinated fibers compose only about 40% of the total fiber count of the trigeminal root. By contrast, recent electron microscopic studies of segmental dorsal roots indicate that, at least in lower vertebrates, unmyelinated fibers compose up to 80% or more of the total. This observation is considered to be of descriptive rather than physiological or pathological significance. The morphological alterations that occur in the spinal trigeminal tract appear to restore the balance in favor of unmyelinated fibers at the functional termination of the trigeminal sensory root.
Enterogenous cyst of the spinal cord with associated intestinal reduplication, vertebral anomalies, and a dorsal dermal sinus
Authors: Millis Rosemary R. , Holmes Alec E.
Published: May 2009

✓ A case of midgut reduplication communicating with an enterogenous cyst of the spinal cord is described; midthoracic vertebral anomalies and an associated dorsal dermal sinus were present at the same level. The cyst presented as a pyogenic meningitis which at postmortem examination was seen to be associated with an extensive intraspinal and intramedullary abscess. The clinical and embryogenic features are discussed.
Irreversible injury of cranial nerves 9 through 12 (Collet-Sicard syndrome)
Authors: Mohanty Santosh Kumar , Barrios Mario , Fishbone Harold , Khatib Reza
Published: May 2009

✓ A case of bullet injury producing unilateral paralysis of the cranial nerves, 9, 10, 11, and 12 (Collet-Sicard syndrome) is presented.
Extravasation of angiographic contrast material from a torn middle meningeal artery into the diploi
Authors: Saba Moris I. , King Robert B.
Published: May 2009

✓ Extravasation of contrast material during angiography in a head-injured patient was shown at operation to have occurred because of a fistula between a lacerated meningeal artery and the diploic spaces within the skull. Usually such extravasation is regarded as diagnostic evidence of an epidural or subdural hematoma, as had been suggested erroneously by the angiogram in this case.
Sacral agenesis
Authors: Lourie Herbert
Published: May 2009

✓ A case of partial sacral agenesis is reported and the possible relationship to diabetes discussed. The commonest neurological defect relates to urinary and fecal incontinence, and many cases have been otherwise neurologically intact. The condition should be suspected when bone cannot be felt in the region of the coccyx and sacrum; close scrutiny of the x-ray films will confirm the diagnosis.
Intracranial foreign bodies: backfire
Authors: Campos B. A. Rocha , Ballalai N. , Pinto J. Portugal
Published: May 2009

✓ The authors report 14 cases of a foreign body that penetrated the cranial cavity due to backfire of an over-charged, home-filled metallic cartridge.
Laboratory experience with a magnetically guided intravascular catheter system
Authors: Cares Herbert L. , Hale J. Richard , Montgomery D. Bruce , Richter Howard A. , Sweet William H.
Published: May 2009

✓ An improved magnetically-guided intravascular catheter system in dogs is described as safe, requiring little attention, allowing the application of flow surges to aid propulsion of the tip, and providing for angiography of good quality. Current concepts of the relationship of magnetic and flow guidance are discussed. The uses of the system demonstrated include selective angiography, perfusion of isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate into experimental arteriovenous fistulas, and perfusion of microparticulate iron suspensions into experimental aneurysms. A unique detachable macroballoon that may function as a reversible tethered embolus is reported.
Intracranial teratoma in early infancy
Authors: Takaku Akiba , Mita Reizo , Suzuki Jiro
Published: May 2009

✓ Three cases of large supratentorial teratomas in patients under 1 year old are reported. One 320-gm tumor was successfully totally removed; one patient died without surgery 7 days after birth, and one died 10 days after subtotal removal. The symptoms and diagnosis of intracranial teratomas in infancy are discussed. Treatment by total removal is recommended.
A volume control system for the treatment of hydrocephalus: laboratory and clinical experience
Authors: Epstein Fred , Hochwald Gerald , Ransohoff Joseph
Published: May 2009

✓ To eliminate dependence on shunts in the care of hydrocephalus, we have used a “volume control valve” in 18 children who required shunting procedures. This system permits the passage of fluid only when the valve is maintained in a depressed state by transcutaneous compression. Following surgery, an attempt was made to gradually wean the infant from the shunting system. This was done in the hope of ultimately facilitating an arrest of the underlying condition and to avoid a state of shunt dependency. It is believed that by permitting some degree of ventricular dilatation, alternate transventricular absorptive pathways become functional.
Angiographic differentiation between Dandy-Walker cyst and arachnoid cyst of the posterior fossa in newborn infants and children
Authors: La Torre Emanuele , Fortuna Aldo , Occhipinti Emanuele
Published: May 2009

✓ Elevation of the tentorium and its dural sinuses, originally considered a diagnostic sign of Dandy-Walker cyst, may also occur in arachnoid cysts of the posterior fossa. Differentiation between these two lesions may be achieved angiographically by the evaluation of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery and its vermian branch, and of the inferior vermian vein. All these vessels are displaced forward and upward by an arachnoid cyst, while in the Dandy-Walker cyst the posterior inferior cerebellar artery is miniature and the vermian branch and the inferior vermian vein are absent.
Incomplete myelographic block with hypertrophic spinal pachymeningitis
Authors: Wirth Fremont P. , Gado Mokhtar
Published: May 2009

✓ A case of hypertrophic spinal pachymeningitis with a symmetrical constriction of the cervical and upper dorsal subarachnoid space on myelography is reported. Previous reports have emphasized complete or partial block of contrast flow at one level. The extensive symmetrical compression of the subarachnoid space seen in this case represents the early changes seen with hypertrophic spinal pachymeningitis which result from widespread thickening of the dura.
Subarachnoid infusion and shunt function
Authors: Brisman Ronald , Schneider Sanford , Carter Sidney
Published: May 2009

✓ A simplified technique for subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid infusion of Ringer's lactate is described and evaluated as a method for determining shunt patency. An infusion index (change in pressure divided by volume infused) of 11 or greater is highly suggestive of shunt occlusion while an index of 6 or less strongly suggests a patent shunt. Further accuracy results when a baseline index and pressure-volume-time curve are obtained at a time of known shunt patency and compared with subsequent infusions. Using these criteria, the proper evaluation of shunt patency has been made in 18 out of 19 verified shunt problems.
Meningiomas in the cranio-orbital junction
Authors: Stern W. Eugene
Published: May 2009

✓ The author analyzes 20 cases of meningioma in the cranio-orbital junction and concludes that they represent an anatomical continuum of neoplasia rather than a single specific syndrome. Different manifestations of this continuum are identified and characteristic cases presented to illustrate the surgical management of each type of tumor. Some lend themselves to total excision, but unilateral blindness postoperatively may be the price. Unless radical operative procedures are curative they cannot be justified on the basis of short-term evaluation, since many of these tumors grow very slowly.
Persistent cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea treated by lumboperitoneal shunt
Authors: Greenblatt Samuel H. , Wilson Donald H.
Published: May 2009

✓ Two cases of persistent cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea were successfully treated by lumboperitoneal shunts. One case was of spontaneous origin, and the other was associated with a basilar skull fracture. The authors emphasize the value of this procedure when the source of the leak cannot be found or when more direct methods of treatment have failed.
Treatment of cerebral vasospasm from subarachnoid hemorrhage with isoproterenol and lidocaine hydrochloride
Authors: Sundt Thoralf M. , Onofrio Burton M. , Merideth John
Published: May 2009

✓ Initial experience with intravenously administered isoproterenol and lidocaine hydrochloride in 14 patients with severe spasm from subarachnoid hemorrhage is summarized. All patients were actively deteriorating from progressive spasm without other major complications; 12 of 14 improved, and two died. The method of treatment, results, and rationale for this method of therapy are discussed.
Management of extracranial congenital arteriovenous malformations of the head and neck
Authors: Storrs David G. , King Robert B.
Published: May 2009

✓ Five cases of congenital extracranial arteriovenous malformations are reported. The need for careful preoperative definition of all feeding vessels by selective arteriography is stressed. The radiographic phenomenon of “washout” may preclude the recognition of some arterial feeders at the time of the initial contrast studies. The surgical management of these patients using repeated selective angiography, embolization, and ligation of the major arterial supply, followed by total excision of the malformation, is described.
Posttraumatic lumbar epidural true synovial cyst
Authors: Sypert George W. , Leech Richard W. , Harris A. Basil
Published: May 2009

✓ A case is reported of posttraumatic epidural true synovial cyst causing cauda equina compression. Surgical therapy resulted in satisfactory recovery.
Solid cerebellar hemangioblastoma
Authors: Okawara Shige-Hisa
Published: May 2009

✓ In this report six cases of solid hemangioblastoma were encountered out of 19 cases operated on, and carried a 50% mortality rate compared to 15% for the remaining 13 cases of cystic tumors. The solid tumor cases have more brain-stem signs than those with the cystic tumor. Angiographically the solid lesion often shows diffuse involvement of the brain stem. Operative or autopsy findings confirm that the solid lesions are more likely to involve the brain stem, hence explaining the difficulty in operative treatment and the extremely high mortality and morbidity. Decompressive operation is thought to be the better method of handling these tumors.
Effects of various lesions on crossed and uncrossed descending inspiratory pathways in the cervical spinal cord of the cat
Authors: Cohen Fred L.
Published: May 2009

✓ Various cervical spinal cord lesions interrupting portions of the descending respiratory pathways were made in 12 cats. Results suggest: 1) that the descending inspiratory pathways lie in the ventrolateral portion of the high cervical spinal cord; 2) that a decussation of these pathways exists between the low medullary and high cervical level; 3) that fibers descend via both crossed and uncrossed pathways along the length of the cervical cord to innervate phrenic nuclei bilaterally; 4) that activity in the crossed pathway running along the length of the cervical cord is related to the level of PaCO2.
Spasticparaplegia secondary to cord constriction by the dura
Authors: Heilbrun M. Peter , Davis David O.
Published: May 2009

✓ A case of spastic paraplegia secondary to constriction of the upper thoracic spinal cord by the dura, which was associated with the juvenile onset of diabetes mellitus, is described.
Rupture of spinal cord ependymoma
Authors: Payne Nettleton S. , McDonald Joseph V.
Published: May 2009

✓ The rupture of an ependymoma of the cauda equina associated with trauma and subarachnoid hemorrhage is described. The clinical course of the patient is discussed, and the mechanism and significance of the rupture postulated.
Controlled overpressure Pantopaque ventriculography
Authors: Salah S. , Koos Wolfgang T.
Published: May 2009

✓ The authors describe a modified technique of conventional Pantopaque ventriculography. Controlled increase of intraventricular pressure is a safe procedure designed for fast and accurate visualization of the process involved in cases of “total” functional blocks of the ventricular system.
Spontaneous and electrically-evoked activity in the anterolateral column of the spinal cord in dogs
Authors: Illingworth Robin D. , Molina-Negro Pedro
Published: May 2009

✓ Recordings have been made from the upper cervical spinal cords of 14 intact anesthetized dogs. Small bipolar concentric electrodes were passed from posterior to anterior and the spontaneous electrical activity at different depths recorded. It has been shown that there is a difference between the activity recorded in the gray and white matter and between different regions in the gray matter. Responses evoked by contralateral electrical skin stimulation have also been recorded in the anterolateral columns. The results obtained suggest that the fibers may be arranged in the tract as a model of body image rather than segmentally. All the trajectories used in this study have been verified histologically. Possible application of this technique to the procedure of percutaneous cordotomy is discussed.
Persistent trigeminal artery: its relationship to the normal branches of the cavernous carotid
Authors: Parkinson Dwight , Shields Christopher B.
Published: May 2009

✓ The authors report a detailed study of an autopsy specimen indicating that the meningohypophyseal trunk and a persistent trigeminal artery apparently exist independently and have separate origins.
Lumbar spondylolisthesis with ruptured disc
Authors: Scoville William Beecher , Corkill Guy
Published: May 2009

✓ Twenty cases of spondylolisthesis with concomitant signs of a ruptured intervertebral disc were successfully treated by radical removal of the disc without fusion. Early mobilization and a strenuous exercise regime are recommended following surgery.
Cystic meningiomas simulating astrocytomas
Authors: Henry James M. , Schwartz Frederic T. , Sartawi Mohamed A. , Fox John L.
Published: May 2009

✓ Three cases are presented in which cystic meningiomas simulated astrocytomas. The gross surgical and microscopic features are discussed.
Embryonal carcinoma in the cerebellum
Authors: Khantanaphar Suwarindr , Bunyaratvej Sira
Published: May 2009

✓ A cerebellar embryonal carcinoma in a 5-year-old child is reported. The tumor was well encapsulated and completely removed. Postoperative radiation was given. The patient is alive and healthy.
Identification of the anterior and posterior commissures by angiography
Authors: Peterson Donald I. , Austin George M.
Published: May 2009

✓ A simple method has been developed by which the approximate location of the anterior and posterior commissures can be identified on the venous phase of the cerebral angiogram. The venous angle, and the junction of the internal cerebral vein and vein of Galen, are used as reference points since these structures were found by measurement on midline sagittally-sectioned brains to have a relatively constant spacial relationship to the commissures. This method for locating the commissures by angiography does not depend on the relationship of the deep venous structures to bone landmarks on the skull. Its chief limitation is that in 20% of the patients a true venous angle cannot be identified.
Extradural hematoma during craniotomy
Authors: Troupp Henry
Published: May 2009

✓ The author describes five instances of extradural hematoma that developed during craniotomy. The hematomas extended basally from an original craniotomy near the midline and four required immediate additional surgical exposure. This rare complication should be remembered during craniotomy if the brain appears to be swelling without obvious reason.
The microcirculation of peripheral nerves: Techniques for perfusion and microangiographic, macrophotographic, and photomicrographic recordings in animals
Authors: Nobel Werner , Black Donald
Published: May 2009

✓ Modern perfusion techniques with solidifying radiopaque masses are described for tridimensional observation of the microvasculature in live animals, cadavers, or excised organs. Findings are based on perfusion experiments with 100 rabbits, 30 dogs, and five rhesus monkeys. Details of a perfusion experiment on the sciatic nerve of the rabbit are presented, including work-up of preparations, photographs of the microvasculature, and microangiography on high resolution plates; subsequent photographic enlargement demonstrates capillaries to 7 µ. The discussion presents a commentary on perfusion techniques and perfusates, microangiographic equipment, and techniques for minimizing artifacts. Two excellent masses, those created with Microfil and Chromopaque, lend themselves to multipurpose use.
Effect of drugs on experimental brain edema in mice
Authors: Nelson Stanley R.
Published: May 2009

✓ Cold-induced hemorrhagic infarcts in mice caused a spreading decrease in tissue specific gravity around the lesion; the decrease in tissue density represents an increase in edema fluid. The maximum decrease in density in most brain areas had occurred by 6 hours. This time period was used to evaluate the effect of nine drugs on brain edema. Two agents increased edema formation: hexamethonium and meralluride. Metaraminol, cortisone, hydrocortisone, acetazolamide, and dextran did not significantly alter edema formation. Only in the phenoxybenzamine- and urea-treated mice was brain edema less than in the control mice.
False cerebral aneurysm associated with metastatic carcinoma of the brain
Authors: Reina Abdon , Seal Robert B.
Published: May 2009

✓In a patient with metastatic carcinoma of the left frontal lobe, carotid angiography revealed a false cerebral aneurysm arising from the middle cerebral vessels. At craniotomy the aneurysm was found to be surrounded by tumor and cortex. Since the clinical history excluded trauma, it was inferred that the histologically-proven invasion of the aneurysm wall by malignant cells was responsible for the formation of a false cerebral aneurysm.
Infiltrating ependymomas of the cauda equina
Authors: Scott Michael
Published: May 2009

✓ The author reports the long-term results of combined conservative surgery and radiotherapy in the treatment of three patients with infiltrating papillary ependymomas Of the cauda equina. Seventeen to 20 years later they have relatively minimal complaints and dysfunction. This long benign course emphasizes the folly of attempting radical removal with its potential for serious mutilation of the cauda equina.
Radionuclide blood levels during cisternography of patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus or Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Mahaley Moses Stephen , Wilkinson Robert H. , Sivalingham Selvadurai , Friedman Harry , Tyson Wendall , Goodrich Jack K.
Published: May 2009

✓ Various diagnostic procedures were compared during investigations of 37 dementia patients undergoing differential study for normal-pressure hydrocephalus or Alzheimer's disease. A diminished radionuclide level in the blood, with abnormal cisternography and pneumoencephalography, provided the most valuable diagnostic evidence of normal-pressure hydrocephalus.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage manifested by intestinal ileus in a patient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt
Authors: Forrest Paul D. , Lesser Robert M. , Corkill Guy
Published: May 2009

✓ A patient developed fatal abdominal bleeding after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was inserted due to acute hydrocephalus secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Genetic implications of familial brain tumors
Authors: Isamat Fabian , Miranda Antonio M. , Bartumeus Federico , Prat Jaime
Published: May 2009

✓ The authors report six families, 12 members of which had intracranial gliomas. The genetic influences such as similar histological characteristics and blood group associations are evaluated.
Spontaneous incarcerated herniation of the spinal cord into a vertebral body: a unique cause of paraplegia
Authors: Wortzman George , Tasker Ronald R. , Rewcastle N. Barry , Richardson J. Clifford , Pearson F. Griffith
Published: May 2009

✓ A case of progressive paraparesis is reported in which the normal spinal cord herniated through a defect in the ventral meninges and dura and became incarcerated in a cavity in the dorsal aspect of the body of T-7. Progress of the paraparesis was arrested by reduction of the hernia.
Effect of cerebral angiography on subsequent brain scintigraphy
Authors: Silberstein Edward B. , Ashare Alan B.
Published: May 2009

✓ The authors report examination of 27 brain scintigraphs performed 1 day following cerebral angiography, and 48 performed within 2 weeks. No artifactual areas of uptake were produced in the scintigraphs by the radiographic contrast medium.
Modification of the Cushing speculum used for transsphenoidal pituitary surgery
Authors: Landolt Alex M. , Novoselac Michael
Published: May 2009

✓ A modification of the original Cushing speculum used in the sublabial-transseptal-transsphenoidal approach to the pituitary is described. Although the modified speculum has smaller dimensions, it allows better visualization of the surgical field, while a new expanding device permits easier opening of the speculum.
Rebound phenomenon complicating cerebral dehydration with glycerol
Authors: Guisado Raul , Tourtellotte Wallace W. , Arieff Allen I. , Tomiyasu Uwamie , Mishra Shri K. , Schotz Michael C.
Published: May 2009

✓ A patient with glioblastoma multiforme of the brain was treated with both intravenous and oral glycerol as well as intravenous mannitol in an attempt to reduce increased intracranial pressure. After an initial lowering of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure to near normal values during continuous glycerol administration, a secondary rise in CSF pressure above the initial level occurred despite a persistent elevation of plasma osmolality (315 mOsm/kg) and glycerol level (30 mmole/1). Similarly, 4 hours after the administration of a single oral dose of glycerol, CSF pressure increased to levels higher (700 mm H2O) than the original baseline (400 mm H2O).
Value of gas myelography in early management of acute cervical spinal cord injuries
Authors: Rossier Alain B. , Berney Jean , Rosenbaum Arthur E. , Hachen Jurg
Published: May 2009

✓ Gas myelography was carried out in 22 patients with acute cervical spinal cord injuries in whom oily contrast media seemed contraindicated. The authors believe this technique makes a valuable contribution to the basic decision regarding the surgical versus medical treatment of a specific patient with a cervical cord injury. They emphasize the importance of visualizing cord compression due to disc herniation in these cases and conclude that gases are the optimal contrast agents for visualization of the entire circumference of the spinal cord.
Osteoma of the ethmofrontal sinus
Authors: Olumide Adebayo A. , Fajemisin Adebayo A. , Adeloye Adelola
Published: May 2009

✓ An unusually large osteoma of the ethmofrontal sinus is described, and the related literature is briefly reviewed. The authors believe frontal exploration is necessary in cases of extensive osteomas of the frontal sinus.
Spinal arteriovenous malformation with hypogastric blood supply
Authors: Heindel C. Craig , Dugger Gordon S. , Guinto Faustino C.
Published: May 2009

✓ A report of a patient with a spinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) supplied from the right hypogastric artery is presented to emphasize the importance of thorough angiographic investigation when a spinal AVM is suspected.
Extravasation of contrast material into subdural space from internal carotid aneurysm during angiography
Authors: Someda Kuniyuki , Yasui Nobuyuki , Moriwaki Yoshifumi , Kawamura Yasuo , Matsumura Hiroshi
Published: May 2009

✓ A case of multiple aneurysms is reported in which rupture of the internal carotid aneurysm occurred during carotid angiography, opacifying the subdural space. The patient recovered and was successfully treated by clipping of the aneurysm neck.
Clinical and electrophysiological studies on sensory conduction mediated by the accessory rootlets of the human trigeminal nerve
Authors: Ley Adolfo , Montserrat Luis , Bacci Fernando , Ley Adolfo
Published: May 2009

✓ The authors present records of potentials evoked in the roots of the trigeminal nerve by stimulation of its cutaneous branches. Records were made during nine operations for tic douloureux in which the main sensory root of the trigeminal nerve was totally sectioned under the microscope by the transcerebellar route. In every case, the accessory (aberrant) and motor roots were easily identified and spared. Records before and after total main sensory root division showed persistence of evoked potentials in the aberrant and motor fibers. Partial preservation of sensation and blink reflex in these cases reinforced the impression that there is somatic sensory conduction through true aberrant sensory fibers running between the motor and main sensory roots.
Simple bedside technique for evacuating chronic subdural hematomas
Authors: Negrón Roberto A. , Tirado Gilberto , Zapater César
Published: May 2009

✓ The authors describe a simple spinal needle trephination technique found to be effective in the treatment of patients with chronic subdural hematomas.
Giant occipital hemangioendothelioma with thrombocytopenia, anemia, and hypofibrinogenemia
Authors: Nagashima Chikao , Takahama Motohide , Nakayama Yoshihiro , Asano Takao
Published: May 2009

✓ The authors describe the total excision of a huge occipital hemangioendothelioma in an infant with thrombocytopenia, hypofibrinogenemia, and anemia; treatment was followed by normalization of platelet count, blood cell count, and level of fibrinogen. Histological and clinical studies support the concept that disseminated intravascular coagulation was related to the thrombocytopenia and coagulation deficits found in this case.
Massive osteolysis of the skull
Authors: Iyer G. Vasudeva , Nayar Ammu
Published: May 2009

✓ The authors describe a case of massive osteolysis of the calvaria. There are no previous reports of this rare entity involving the skull.
Central necrosis of the spinal cord induced by hyperbaric oxygen exposure
Authors: Balentine J. Douglas
Published: May 2009

✓ Seventy-six adult rats were exposed to 60 psig of oxygen on consecutive days until death. At autopsy, 17 of the animals revealed segmental foci of central necrosis of the spinal cord gray matter, often associated with small ball- and flame-shaped hemorrhages in either the cervical and/or lumbosacral enlargements. Paraplegia or quadriplegia were clinically observed prior to death. The oxygen-induced spinal cord lesions are similar though not identical to those observed in experimental and human spinal cord trauma. These observations indicate that the therapeutic use of hyperbaric oxygen in patients with spinal cord injury has a potential danger of causing central spinal cord necrosis.
Oxygen tension in spinal cord gray matter during exposure to hyperbaric oxygen
Authors: Ogilvie Robert W. , Balentine J. Douglas
Published: May 2009

✓ Adult female rats were exposed to 60 psig of 100% oxygen for 60 minutes. Oxygen tensions in the gray matter of the lumbosacral enlargement of the spinal cord, electroencephalograms, electrocardiograms, and respirations were monitored before, during, and after the compression periods. Oxygen tensions were found to rise sharply to as high as 1050 mm Hg during compression and remained at significantly high levels throughout the entire hour of exposure. These data support the hypothesis that spinal cord lesions induced by exposure to hyperbaric oxygen are the result of excessive tissue oxygenation.
Meningiomas of Meckel's cave
Authors: Nijensohn Daniel E. , Araujo Joao C. , Maccarty Collin S.
Published: May 2009

✓A retrospective review of 12 cases of meningioma of Meckel's cave involving the Gasserian ganglion or the trigeminal posterior root (or both) seen at the Mayo Clinic during a 20-year period suggested three clearly defined clinical groups. One group (the largest) had typical trigeminal neuralgia and an excellent prognosis after the removal of the easily detachable mass that was impinging on the ganglion. A second group, with meningiomas en plaque embedded in the ganglion, had a history of atypical trigeminal face pain without neurological deficit, but the prognosis for pain relief was not as good as in the previous group. A third group had a history of face dysesthesias and pain, objective trigeminal sensory loss, and multiple cranial nerve deficit; these patients had meningiomas with histological signs of mitotic activity and a poor prognosis, with return of intractable pain and recurrence of the tumor.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the brain
Authors: Matsukado Yasuhiko , Yokota Akira , Marubayashi Touru
Published: May 2009

✓The authors report a case of rhabdomyosarcoma originating in the fourth ventricle and review the eight comparable previous reports of true rhabdomyosarcoma, composed solely of mesenchymal elements. Tumors in most adults arose in the cerebral hemisphere, while those in children arose exclusively in the midline structures of the posterior fossa. The tumor in the authors' case was initially benign and well circumscribed, but within 2 years had changed into a malignant rhabdomyosarcoma. The histological documentation during the interval is presented and discussed.
Application of nasopharyngeal mirror for aneurysm operation
Authors: Sugita Kenichiro , Hirota Toshiyuki , Tsugane Ryuichi
Published: May 2009

✓ The authors report their application of a specially designed nasopharyngeal mirror to microsurgical operations for intracranial aneurysm.