bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening of Alternaria Blight of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) Caused by (Alternaria lini L.) in In-vitro Condition
Authors: Raghav Shubham , Upadhyay Ankit , Singh Bal Veer , Sharma Uma , Kumar Vinod , Anjali  , Sulochna
Published: July 2023

Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an important oilseed and fiber crop grown both for its seed as well as fiber.It is widely cultivated in Northern India during the Rabi season. It suffers from a variety of diseases among which Alternaria blight caused by Alternaria lini is one of the most yield limiting factors in India. The efficacy of botanicals (neem, ginger, garlic, bougainvilla and eucalyptus extract), bio-agents (T. harzianum and T. viride) and chemical fungicides (Mancozeb (0.2%),  Carbendazim (0.2%), etc. were tested against Alternaria lini in in-vitro conditions. The result of in vitro studies revealed that Neem extract @ 150 ppm significantly reduced the mycelial growth of Alternarialini as 68.6 percent inhibition followed by Garlic bulb extract @ 150 ppm and Ginger rhizome extract@ 150 ppm as 65.45% and 58.65% inhibition respectively. Among fungicide Carbendazim at 500 ppm proved to be most effective in inhibiting mycelial radial growth of pathogen with 100% inhibition over control followed by Mancozeb that showed 93.94% inhibition over control under in-vitro conditions.
Screening for Beta-Lactamases Producing Bacteria and Other Resistant Bacteria among Patients Admitted to the Emergency Unit at the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital, Cameroon
Authors: Baiye Abange William , Yimtchi Lavoisier Christian Ngassa , Betbeui Anicette Chafa , Dongmo Noel Achille Teudjieu , Gonsu Hontense Kamga
Published: July 2023

Aims: This study aimed to screen for Beta Lactamases (BLs) and other resistant bacteria among patients admitted to the emergency unit of the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital (YUTH).

Study Design: This study was a cross-sectional hospital-based study.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Bacteriology unit of the YUTH, Yaoundé- Cameroon between February to June 2020.

Methodology: Seventy-Five urine samples were collected from newly admitted patients at the emergency unit of the YUTH and bacteria species were identified basis on their culture characteristics, Gram morphology, and biochemical tests. The isolates were screened from the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC BLs using the Double disk synergy method and Disk approximation methods respectively. These isolates were later subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disk diffusion method.

Results: Out of the 75 urine analyzed, 14 (18.7%) were found positive for Urinary Tract Infection. Fourteen bacteria species were isolated identified and enumerated as E. coli (5), Klebsiella species (4), Citrobacter species (2), Proteus species (2), and Enterobacter species (1). A high level of resistance was observed with Amoxicillin clavulanic acid, Cefuroxime, and Ceftazidime while a high level of sensitivity was observed among carbapenem antibiotics. Eight of 14 isolated bacteria were BLs producers, of which 5 were sorely ESBL producers, 2 co-producers (ESBL + AmpC), and 1 AmpC producer. The overall positive rate of BLs in the study population was 10.7%. Again, patient origin and previous antibiotic use were significantly associated with BLs prevalence p-value of .01 and .04 respectively.

Conclusion: The high prevalence of the ß- lactamases in the Emergency unit emphasizes the need for continuous surveillance in the Emergency unit to detect resistant strains, strict guidelines for antibiotic therapy, and the implementation of infection control measures to reduce the increasing burden of antibiotic resistance.
Minat Mahasiswa Universitas Kristen Petra Angkatan 2017 Terhadap Minat Meneruskan Bisnis Keluarga
Authors: Cahyadi Jessica
Published: July 2023

Orang Tionghoa Indonesia sering dikaitkan dengan bisnis, khususnya bisnis keluarga. Namun banyak bisnis keluarga yang tidak memiliki perencanaan suksesi yang matang dan akhirnya terancam tutup karena tidak mampu meneruskan ke generasi selanjutnya. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis ingin menganalisis bagaimana minat mahasiswa Universitas Kristen Petra Angkatan 2017 terhadap meneruskan bisnis keluarga Tionghoa berdasarkan teori fase perkembangan minat.  Data penelitian diperoleh dari seleksi kuesioner dan hasil wawancara dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan minat mahasiswa dikategorikan menjadi minat situasional dan minat individual. Pada minat situasional adanya kesamaan antara jurusan yang mereka pelajari dengan bisnis yang dijalankan tidak menentukan mereka untuk mau atau tidaknya mewarisi bisnis keluarga. Namun adanya prospek bisnis yang bagus dalam jangka panjang dan juga relasi yang sudah dibangun orang tua dapat memicu minat mahasiswa untuk mewarisi bisnis keluarga. Perlu usaha atau dorongan untuk dapat mempertahankan ketertarikan mahasiswa, karena jika tidak mahasiswa bisa berubah menjadi tidak berminat. Sedangkan pada minat individual, memiliki pengalaman dan pengetahuan yang berhubungan dengan bisnis keluarga secara perlahan dapat menumbuhkan dan mengembangkan minat mahasiswa untuk mau meneruskan bisnis keluarga.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN PENGGUNAAN KATA PELENGKAP ARAH GABUNGAN “QI LAI” OLEH MAHASISWA SASTRA TIONGHOA UK PETRA SEMESTER IV
Authors: Kurniawan Abraham Reynaldo
Published: July 2023

ABSTRAK Analisis kesalahan penggunaan Kata Pelengkap Arah gabungan oleh Mahasiswa Sastra Tionghoa UK petra semester IV. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menekankan dasar Mahasiswa Sastra Tionghoa dalam menggunakan pelengkap arah gabungan “Qilai”dan mengetahui hasil analisa mengenai penyebab kesalahan penggunaan dan jenis-jenis kesalahan yang muncul. Setelah melalui tahap pengujian, Mahasiswa masih belum dapat menggunakan pelengkap arah gabungan “Qilai” dengan tepat. Hasil  wawancara menunjukan bahwa jenis kesalahan yang mendominasi adalah kesalahan interlingual, bentuk kesalahan ini salah satunya adalah pengaruh bahasa ibu yang menyebabkan Mahasiswa mengabaikan kelompok kata sehingga menyebabkan kesalahan. Faktor yang lainnya adalah kesalahan overgeneralisasi, kesalahan mengabaikan kaidah bahasa target dan kesalahan penerapan kaidah Kata kunci: “Qilai”, pelengkap arah gabungan, analisis kesalahan, bahasa Mandarin 摘要 彼得拉大学中文系第四个学期的学生对汉语“起来”复合趋向补语的偏误分析。此研究进行为强调彼得大学中文系第四个学期的学生对汉语“起来”复合趋向补语的基准及知道使用“起来”复合趋向补语的偏误类型和偏误原因分析。本文从测试和访谈问卷获得数据。通过测试表现，学习者还不能正确地使用“起来”复合趋向补语。从访谈中能够知道从访谈也可以知道偏误类型主要为语际偏误所表现，这种偏误类型出现因为受了母语的影响，导致学生忽视了“起来复合”趋向补语的词汇搭配而生产偏误。其他因素来自学生过度概括、忽视规则局限性、不完全规则运用。关键词 ：“起来”，复合趋向补语，偏误分析，汉语
Konsep Budaya Etnik dalam Pemakaian Istilah Kekerabatan Bahasa Han-Studi kasus di desa Ang Dong, Hunan, Tiongkok
Authors: Wiratikusuma Fransiska
Published: July 2023

Integrasi dan pengembangan linguistik melibatkan penelitian lintas bidang, dan linguistik budaya menggambarkan fenomena budaya melalui penelitian linguistik. Melalui penelitian langsung di lapangan selama satu bulan di desa Ang Dong provinsi Hunan Tiongkok, penulis dari sudut pandang konsep budaya etnik menggunakan kelompok kata kekerabatan dalam_Tesaurus Bahasa Han_meneliti hubungan dan karakteristik istilah kekerabatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kata istilah kekerabatan dapat mencerminkan konsep budaya etnik masyarakat setempat,khususnya hubungan kekerabatan.
PERAN EFIKASI DIRI DALAM MOTIVASI BELAJAR BAHASA MANDARIN MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI BAHASA MANDARIN UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN PETRA
Authors: Cahyadi Silvia
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efikasi diri mahasiswa Program Studi Bahasa Mandarin Universitas Kristen Petra dalam belajar bahasa Mandarin dan mengetahui peran efikasi diri dalam meningkatkan motivasi mahasiswa Program Studi Bahasa Mandarin Universitas Kristen Petra dalam belajar bahasa Mandarin. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan melalui penjabaran secara deskriptif. Sumber data adalah mahasiswa Program Studi Bahasa Mandarin Angkatan 2021 Universitas Kristen Petra, dengan jumlah mahasiswa 10 orang. Dari analisis hasil wawancara, ditemukan bahwa pengalaman sebuah keberhasilan adalah sumber informasi utama untuk membentuk efikasi diri. Efikasi diri yang rendah tidak selalu menghasilkan motivasi yang rendah. Dan motivasi pada akhirnya juga berpengaruh pada efikasi diri. Efikasi diri dan motivasi mempunyai hubungan timbal balik dan berkesinambungan.
Analisis Metode dan Kualitas Penerjemahan pada Dokumen Tertulis PT.X
Authors: Linagus Verena , Olivia Olivia
Published: July 2023

PT.X adalah sebuah perusahaan besar dari Tiongkok yang berfokus pada produk elektronik rumah tangga. Sebagai perusahaan Tiongkok yang berkembang di Indonesia, setiap dokumen tertulis dari PT.X menggunakan dua bahasa yaitu bahasa Mandarin dan bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu metode penerjemahan yang digunakan dalam dokumen tertulis PT.X dan mencari tahu kualitas penerjemahan dari dokumen tertulis PT.X. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data penelitian untuk penelitian ini adalah dokumen tertulis yang diberikan PT.X kepada penulis. Analisis metode penerjemahan dilakukan dengan cara mengelompokkan kalimat sesuai dengan kategori metode penerjemahan. Sedangkan kualitas penerjemahan dianalisis melalui penilaian dari dua orang penilai atau reviewer. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, PT.X paling banyak menggunakan metode penerjemahan harafiah dalam penerjemahan dokumen tertulis. Metode penerjemahan harafiah adalah metode penerjemahan yang paling mudah, tapi melalui penelitian ini dapat ditemukan beberapa masalah metode penerjemahan harafiah. Contohnya arti kalimat bahasa sumber jauh berbeda dari bahasa sasaran. Berdasarkan penilaian dari kedua orang penilai atau reviewer, kualitas penerjemahan dokumen tertulis PT.X adalah bagus. Meskipun demikian, hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat beberapa masalah penerjemahan dalam dokumen tertulis PT.X. Contohnya kalimat bahasa sasaran tidak sesuai dengan tata bahasa bahasa sasaran. Oleh karena itu, metode dan kualitas penerjemahan dokumen tertulis PT.X masih perlu ditingkatkan lagi.
STUDI PERBANDINGAN KATA WARNA “MERAH” DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA DAN TIONGHOA
Authors: Wiratikusuma Fransiska
Published: July 2023

Pembelajaran bahasa tidak terlepas dari pembelajaran kosakata yang mencakup makna dan pembentukan kata. Gambaran dari klasifikasi kata berdasar makna dan pembentukan kata dapat digali melalui analisa kelompok kata dalam dua bahasa. Artikel ini menggunakan kelompok kata warna ‘merah’ dalam bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Tionghoa dengan menggunakan referensi utama dari tesaurus kedua bahasa dan sumber terkait seperti kamus warna maupun kamus definisi bahasa penutur jati. Dari hasil pengklasifikasian kelompok kata warna merah, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kata-kata dalam bahasa Tionghoa didominasi oleh kata majemuk. Pembentuk kata majemuk dalam bahasa Tionghoa mengandung kesatuan dari pembentukan aksara Han yang memiliki arti yang dapat memudahkan pemelajar bahasa Tionghoa dapat memahasi arti dari kata majemuk tersebut. Selain itu, dengan menguasai klasifikasi makna dalam sebuah kelompok kata dan pembentukan kata, pemelajar bahasa Tionghoa dapat secara efektif mempelajari bahasa Tionghoa.
PENERAPAN PERMAINAN DOBBLE DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KARAKTER BAHASA TIONGHOA (STUDI KASUS DI KALANGAN MAHASISWA INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ACCOUNTING UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN PETRA)
Authors: WINONA WINONA , WIJAYA LIEJANTO , KUO CHUN I
Published: July 2023

Dalam mempelajari bahasa asing, khususnya bahasa Tionghoa ada beberapa hal penting yang harus diperhatikan, salah satunya adalah penguasaan kosakata. Pada kenyataannya, di dalam kelas seorang pengajar hanya meminta para siswanya untuk mempelajari sendiri kosakata yang diberikan dengan metode menulis karakter karakter bahasa Tionghoa berulang kali, hal ini seringkali membuat siswa merasa jenuh dan tidak efisien. Pada penulisan skripsi ini, penulis menggunakan media permainan dobble untuk membantu mahasiswa International Business Accounting untuk belajar karakter bahasa Tionghoa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif (pemberian pre test dan post test) dan kualitatif (wawancara). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kartu permainan dobble efektif bagi para pelajar untuk mengenal karakter bahasa Tionghoa karena metode ini berhasil menciptakan suasana yang kondusif, yaitu: komunikasi dilakukan tidak hanya melalui pengajar namun siswa berperan aktif di dalam kelas dan menumbuhkan daya saing terhadap masing-masing siswa untuk berlomba menjadi pemenang dengan menyebutkan pinyin dari karakter bahasa Tionghoa. Permainan ini tidak hanya mampu menciptakan hubungan yang baik antara siswa namun juga antara pengajar dan siswa sehingga pengajar dapat lebih mengetahui letak kesulitan yang dihadapi siswa.
PERBANDINGAN CERITA RAKYAT BAWANG MERAH BAWANG PUTIH dan BAMEI LIANGMEI
Authors: Setyorini Kezia Audina
Published: July 2023

Cerita rakyat merupakan cerita dari masa lampau, yang diturunkan secara lisan, dan menjadi ciri khas setiap bangsa dengan budaya yang dimiliki masing-masing bangsa. Seiring berkembangnya zaman dan teknologi, cerita rakyat semakin pudar di mata masyarakat. Jika hal ini terus dibiarkan, maka cerita rakyat lama kelamaan akan menghilang dari masyarakat, padahal pesan moral dan budaya yang terdapat dalam sebuah cerita rakyat sangatlah menarik dan mendidik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui persamaan dan perbedaan unsur intrinsik dan menjelaskan latar belakang budaya dua cerita yang berasal dari negara yang berbeda. Penulis menggunakan metode studi pustaka untuk membandingkan cerita rakyat dari Indonesia Bawang Merah Bawang Putih dan cerita rakyat dari Tiongkok Bamei Liangmei. Dalam kedua cerita tersebut, ditemukan bahwa meskipun cerita ini berasal dari negara yang berbeda, terdapat kemiripan tema utama cerita, serta jumlah dan peran tokoh utama dalam cerita tersebut, namun alur cerita keduanya memiliki perbedaan karena adanya perbedaan latar belakang kebudayaan dari negara Indonesia dan Tiongkok.. Kata Kunci: Bawang Merah Bawang Putih, Bamei Liangmei, Perbandingan.
PROSES PERKEMBANGAN WAYANG POTEHI DARI ASLI KE KREASI DI GUDO
Authors: Widyaratna Tyas , Olivia Olivia
Published: July 2023

Potehi merupakan suatu budaya dari Tiongkok, yang dalam perjalanannya telah diterima oleh masyarakat Indonesia sehingga dikenal dengan nama wayang potehi. Gudo merupakan sebuah kabupaten di Jombang, Jawa Timur yang saat ini menjadi tempat rujukan mengenai hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan wayang potehi. Skripsi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan mewawancarai enam orang narasumber dan observasi untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai perkembangan wayang potehi Gudo dari potehi asli hingga menjadi potehi kreasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pementasan potehi kreasi merupakan salah satu langkah konkrit yang saat ini dilakukan agar wayang potehi Gudo tetap eksis mencocoki jamannya. Dalam penelitian ini ditinjau dan ditemukan beberapa bagian dari potehi kreasi yang tidak terlalu mengalami perubahan dari pakemnya, yakni penggunaan panggung, alat musik dan bahasa. Selain itu juga ditemukan beberapa bagian yang mengalami banyak perubahan, mencakup fungsi pementasan yang tak lagi untuk persembahan dewa-dewi sehingga pementasan potehi kreasi tidak lagi mengadakan ritual sebelum pementasan, pemilihan cerita serta makna dari pakaian dan atribut yang digunakan oleh boneka potehi kreasi. Kata kunci: Wayang, Potehi Asli, Potehi Kreasi, Gudo.
Perspektif Generasi Muda Tionghoa di Solo terhadap Prosesi Sangjit
Authors: Stefanie Nadia Novena
Published: July 2023

Judul tesis ini adalah " Perspektif Generasi Muda Tionghoa di Solo Terhadap Prosesi Sangjt ".Tujuannya adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi bagaimana perspektif atau sudut pandang generasi muda Tionghoa dalam memaknai prosesi Sangjit. Selain itu penulis sendiri juga ingin mengetahui arti yang benar dari prosesi Sangjit ini, karena pemaknaan yang tidak sama di dalam pandangan masyarakat mengenai Sangjit yaitu lamaran, tunangan atau pemberian seserahan atau hadiah.  Penulis memilih prosesi Sangjit karena merupakan salah satu bagian tradisi atau tata cara yang penting dalam pernikahan orang Tionghoa. Tempat pengamatan hanya di kota Solo. Teori yang digunakan adalah Teori tata cara sangjit. Skripsi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan mewawancarai enam orang yang melakukan prosesi Sangjit dan orang keturunan Hokkien yang bermukim di Solo, Jawa Tengah. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini bertujuan agar generasi muda pada umumnya khususnya etnis Tionghoa bisa memahami dan mengerti tradisi sangjit.Kata Kunci : Sangjit, Solo, Perayaan
IDENTITAS KETIONGHOAAN JEMAAT TIONGHOA GKT HOSANA GKT HOSANA 华人会众的中华性身份认同
Authors: Suwignyo Dian
Published: July 2023

Selama masa Orde Baru, orang Tionghoa di Indonesia mengalami masa di mana adanya pelarangan terhadap budaya Tionghoa. Ditambah lagi dengan adanya konflik yang membuat orang Tionghoa menjadi korban. Namun, gereja Tionghoa tetap berusaha mempertahankan ketionghoaannya di dalam gereja,dan sekarang ketionghoaan semakin berkembang. Dalam hal ini, penulis melakukan penyelidikan etnografi seputar identitas orang Tionghoa Kristen, secara spesifik yaitu bagaimana ketionghoaan ditampilkan oleh orang Tionghoa Kristen di Gereja GKT Hosana dalam aktivitasnya di dalam maupun di luar gereja. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan melakukan observasi partisipatif dan wawancara kepada empat jemaat Gereja GKT Hosana. Penulis  menemukan bahwa orang Tionghoa Kristen di Gereja GKT Hosana tetap melakukan budaya Tionghoa, namun hanya yang sesuai dan tidak bertentangan dengan kekristenan saja. Selain itu, penulis juga menemukan bahwa bahasa Mandarin dianggap penting sehingga perlu dikembangkan. Kata kunci: Identitas, Tionghoa, Gereja, Kekristenan
ANALISIS UPAYA MENGATASI DAN MENCEGAH PERUNDUNGAN REMAJA DI SEKOLAH DALAM FILM “BETTER DAYS” DAN “CRY ME A SAD RIVER”
Authors: Emmanuela Jovita
Published: July 2023

Fenomena perundungan merupakan salah satu masalah serius di dunia, ia dapat mengancam kesehatan fisik dan mental, bahkan menyebabkan bunuh diri. Film “Better Days” dan “Cry Me A Sad River” sama-sama menggambarkan fenomena perundungan, namun korban perundungan mengalami akhir yang berlawanan, yakni selamat dan bunuh diri. Penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mencari cara mengatasi dan mencegah fenomena perundungan, dengan menganalisis respon faktor internal dan faktor eksternal korban perundungan terhadap perundungan, serta faktor internal dan faktor eksternal penyebab seseorang menjadi pelaku perundungan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa untuk mengatasi perundungan perlu kerja sama antara faktor internal dan faktor eksternal korban perundungan, korban perundungan harus mempertahankan ketangguhan dirinya dan meminta pertolongan dari orang lain, sementara faktor eksternal korban perundungan harus peka dan memberikan pertolongan secara aktif. Untuk mencegah perundungan, orang tua harus menciptakan kondisi keluarga yang baik, mendidik anak dengan cara yang tepat, serta bersama dengan sekolah membantu anak untuk dapat mengontrol emosinya sendiri. Kata kunci: film “Better Days”; film “Cry Me A Sad River”; mengatasi; mencegah; perundungan remaja di sekolah
ANALISIS MAKNA KATA IKLAN TOYOTA SIENTA, TOYOTA CAMRY DAN TOYOTA YARIS-L CHINA 中国Sienta广告、Camry 广告、Yaris-L广告的词义分析
Authors: Tan Sam Dian Tanawijaya
Published: July 2023

Penulisan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis makna kata dan juga penggunaan jenis makna kata yang dominan dalam ketiga buah Iklan Toyota, yaitu Iklan Toyota Sienta, Toyota Camry, dan Toyota Yaris-L. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menganalisis data-data dalam iklan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori makna kata yang ditulis oleh Karsono (2014). Makna kata yang dijelaskan terbagi menjadi 3 jenis yaitu makna kata denotatif (词的概念意义 /理性意义),makna kata konotatif（词的色彩意义）,dan makna kata tersirat（词的含蓄意义）. Hasil penelitian yang penulis temukan, penggunaan makna kata yang paling dominan yaitu makna kata denotatif. Penulis juga menemukan bahwa ada satu kata yang bisa memiliki dua jenis makna kata, tergantung pada konteks yang ingin dibahas atau dijelaskan. Kesimpulan penelitiannya adalah ketiga buah iklan Toyota menonjolkan format penggunaan makna kata yang sama, yaitu menggunakan makna kata denotatif umum. Penggunaan makna kata denotatif memiliki karakteristik yang mudah dipahami dan digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kata kunci : makna kata, denotatif, konotatif, tersirat, iklan Toyota  摘要撰写研究目的是确定单词意义类型，最常用词意义，在 丰田Sienta，Camry和Yaris-L 。这研究是定性研究，通过用书/文献资料来分析广告中的数据。这项研究用Karsono(2014)理论，讨论了单词意义。所描述的单词意义分为三种类型，词的概念意义，词的色彩意义和词的含蓄意义。研究结果表明，词义的最主要是词的概念意义 。笔者还发现，一个单词可以具有两种类型的单词意义。结论，三个丰田广告用相同的单词意义具有相同的格式，即用该单词的一般意义。象征意义的用具有在生活中易于理解和用的特征。 关键字：词义，词的概念意义 ，词的色彩意义，词的含蓄意义，丰田广告
The N‐terminal FleQ domain of the Vibrio cholerae flagellar master regulator FlrA plays pivotal structural roles in stabilizing its active state
Authors: Chakraborty Shrestha , Agarwal Shubhangi , Bakshi Arindam , Dey Sanjay , Biswas Maitree , Ghosh Biplab , Dasgupta Jhimli
Published: July 2023

In Vibrio cholerae, the master regulator FlrA controls transcription of downstream flagellar genes in a σ54‐dependent manner. However, the molecular basis of regulation by VcFlrA, which contains a phosphorylation‐deficient N‐terminal FleQ domain, has remained elusive. Our studies on VcFlrA, four of its constructs, and a mutant showed that the AAA+ domain of VcFlrA, with or without the linker ‘L’, remains in ATPase‐deficient monomeric states. By contrast, the FleQ domain plays a pivotal role in promoting higher‐order functional oligomers, providing the required conformation to ‘L’ for ATP/cyclic di‐GMP (c‐di‐GMP) binding. The crystal structure of VcFlrA‐FleQ at 2.0 Å suggests that distinct structural features of VcFlrA‐FleQ presumably assist in inter‐domain packing. VcFlrA at a high concentration forms ATPase‐efficient oligomers when the intracellular c‐di‐GMP level is low. Conversely, excess c‐di‐GMP locks VcFlrA in a non‐functional lower oligomeric state, causing repression of flagellar biosynthesis.
Review of Cerebral Radiotherapy‐Induced Vasculopathy in Pediatric and Adult Patients
Authors: Guo Xiaofan , Osouli Sima , Shahripour Reza Bavarsad
Published: July 2023

Radiation therapy (RT) causes radiation‐induced vasculopathy, which requires clinicians to identify and manage this side effect in pediatric and adult patients. This article reviews previous findings about the pathophysiology of RT‐induced vascular injury, including endothelial cell injury, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, angiogenic pathways, and remodeling. The vasculopathy is categorized into ischemic vasculopathy, hemorrhagic vasculopathy, carotid artery injury, and other malformations (cavernous malformations and aneurysms) in populations of pediatric and adult patients separately. The prevention and management of this RT‐induced side effect are also discussed. The article summarizes the distribution and risk factors of different types of RT‐induced vasculopathy. This will help clinicians identify high‐risk patients with corresponding vasculopathy subtypes to deduce prevention and treatment strategies accordingly.
Theoretical Investigation of Capture, Collection, and Targeted Transfer of Underwater Gas Bubbles Using Janus‐Faced Carbon Cloth
Authors: Tahzibi Haniyeh , Azizian Saeid , Szunerits Sabine , Boukherroub Rabah
Published: July 2023

Recently, a straightforward method for the preparation of a Janus carbon cloth (Janus‐CC) is reported. The method relies on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating, followed by flame exposure of one face of the PDMS‐coated CC. The nonexposed to the flame face of the Janus‐CC is superhydrophobic, while the exposed to the flame face is superhydrophilic. Underwater, the superhydrophobic face shows superaerophilicity, while the supherhydophilic face shows superaerophobicity. A tethered gas bubble onto the superhydrophobic face has a paraboloid of revolution shape due to the cohesion force between the bubble and the gaseous film. Herein, the geometrical parameters of underwater tethered gas bubbles onto the Janus‐CC are obtained, and the tendency of Janus‐CC for capturing of bubbles is interpreted based on the derived Gibbs free‐energy change equation. It is experimentally observed that a small sited bubble moves toward the bigger one through the formed gaseous film, but this observation cannot be interpreted based on the classical Young–Laplace equation because here the smaller bubble has bigger curvature radius. Herein, a modified Young–Laplace equation is derived and applied for interpretation of the movement of a small bubble toward the bigger one. Also, the buoyancy force for a sited bubble on the gaseous film is discussed.
A Versatile G‐Quadruplex (G4)‐Coated Upconverted Metal‐Organic Framework for Hypoxic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Mao Xuanxiang , Zhang Xiaobo , Chao Zhicong , Qiu Dehui , Wei Shijiong , Luo Rengan , Chen Desheng , Zhang Yue , Chen Yun , Yang Yuanjiao , Monchaud David , Ju Huangxian , Mergny Jean‐Louis , Lei Jianping , Zhou Jun
Published: July 2023

Given the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, multiple strategies are being explored to tackle hypoxic tumors. The most efficient strategies combine several therapeutic modalities and typically requires the development of multifunctional nanocomposites through sophisticated synthetic procedures. Herein, the G‐quadruplex (G4)‐forming sequence AS1411‐A (d[(G2T)4TG(TG2)4A]) is used for both its anti‐tumor and biocatalytic properties when combined with hemin, increasing the production of O2 ca. two‐fold as compared to the parent AS1411 sequence. The AS1411‐A/hemin complex (GH) is grafted on the surface and pores of a core‐shell upconverted metal‐organic framework (UMOF) to generate a UMGH nanoplatform. Compared with UMOF, UMGH exhibits enhanced colloidal stability, increased tumor cell targeting and improved O2 production (8.5‐fold) in situ. When irradiated by near‐infrared (NIR) light, the UMGH antitumor properties are bolstered by photodynamic therapy (PDT), thanks to its ability to convert O2 into singlet oxygen (1O2). Combined with the antiproliferative activity of AS1411‐A, this novel approach lays the foundation for a new type of G4‐based nanomedicine.
Manipulations of Spin Waves by Photoelectrons in Ferromagnetic/Non‐Ferromagnetic Alloyed Film
Authors: Zhao Meng , Zhao Yifan , Li Yaojin , Dong Guohua , He Zhexi , Du Yujing , Jiang Yuxuan , Wu Shaoyuan , Wang Chenying , Zhao Libo , Jiang Zhuangde , Liu Ming , Zhou Ziyao
Published: July 2023

Spin waves are considered to be an alternative carrier with great promise for information sensing. The feasible excitation and low‐power manipulation of spin waves still remain a challenge. In this regard, natural light enablings spin‐wave tunability in Co60Al40‐alloyed film is investigated. A reversible shift of the critical angle (from 81° in the dark to 83° under illumination) of the body spin‐wave is achieved successfully Meanwhile, an eye‐catching shift (817 Oe) of the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) field is obtained optically, leading to changes in magnetic anisotropy. Based on the modified Puszkarski's surface inhomogeneity model, the control of spin‐wave resonance (SWR) by sunlight can be understood by an effective photoelectron‐doping‐induced change of the surface magnetic anisotropy. Furthermore, the body spin wave is modulated stably with natural light illumination, confirming a non‐volatile, reversible switching behavior. This work has both practical and theoretical importance for developing future sunlight‐tunable magnonics/spintronics devices.
Plasmonically‐Enhanced Radioluminescence Induced by Energy Transfer in Colloidal CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals via Hybridization of Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Jeon Gi Wan , Cho Sangeun , Park Sunjung , Kim Do Wan , Jana Atanu , Park Dong Hyuk , Kwak Jungwon , Im Hyunsik , Jang Jae‐Won
Published: July 2023

Nanocrystals of CsPbBr3, a colloidal perovskite, are hybridized with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and organic molecules (2,5‐diphenyloxazole, PPO) to improve X‐ray radioluminescence (RL). It is known that charge transfer from the PPO molecules to the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals enhances the RL efficiency of the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. In this study, Ag NPs are introduced to further enhance the RL efficiency. The plasmonic process of the Ag NPs is activated by the PPO molecules, which contain X‐ray‐induced high‐energy charges. Subsequently, electric fields induced by the plasmonic process of the Ag NPs accelerate the charge transfer from the PPO molecules to the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. The plasmonic effect of the Ag NPs is demonstrated by the full‐width half maximum (FWHM): the photoluminescence FWHM of the hybridized CsPbBr3 nanocrystals is reduced, whereas the RL FWHM remains unchanged. The Ag‐NP‐induced plasmonic effect improves the RL efficiency of the PPO‐decorated CsPbBr3 nanocrystals by ≈10%. The obtained results demonstrate that a plasmonic process can strengthen the RL of X‐ray scintillators for X‐ray detection and imaging.
Construction of Sulfonyl Dibenzofused Medium‐Size Oxacycles via Bi(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Friedel‐Crafts‐Type Annulation
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Hsueh Nai‐Chen
Published: July 2023

Herein, Bi(OTf)3‐catalyzed Friedel‐Crafts‐type annulation of sulfonyl o‐hydroxyacetophenones with benzofused cycloethers is described. This single‐step strategy provides a variety of functionalized dibenzofused medium‐size (9–12) oxacycles through the formation of carbon‐carbon and carbon‐oxygen single bonds. Further, the oxidative application of target oxacycles was investigated. The chemical structures of the key products were determined based on the single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. In the overall process, water was generated as the byproduct.
Photoredox‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Homoallylamines from Unactivated Imines and Allyl Bromides
Authors: Huang Lan‐Qian , Yang De‐Yong , Dong Chun‐Lin , He Yan‐Hong , Guan Zhi
Published: July 2023

A photoredox‐catalyzed umpolung strategy for the synthesis of homoallylamines from unactivated imines and allyl bromides is described. This strategy exploited N,N‐diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) as an auxiliary agent to indirectly realize the cross‐coupling of imines and allyl bromides. Various sterically hindered homoallylamines were synthesized by combining photocatalysis with halogen atom transfer (XAT). Notable characteristics of this approach include water‐insensitive reaction conditions, high yield (up to 99%), wide substrate scope (suitable for N‐aryl/alkyl and C‐aryl ketimines and aldimines, 39 examples), and high tolerance of functional groups (such as cyano, ester, amide, and thioamide).
UFO‐Shaped Integrated Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Water Wave Energy Harvesting
Authors: Wu Shishuo , Yang Jiahong , Wang Yifei , Liu Bin , Xiong Yao , Jiao Haishuang , Liu Yang , Bao Rongrong , Wang Zhong Lin , Sun Qijun
Published: July 2023

The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which is suitable for low‐frequency and high‐entropy mechanical energy harvesting, has great advantages in ocean energy collection and potential blue energy applications. The rational structural design can ensure the best working state of TENG in complex marine environment. Herein, an unidentified flying object (UFO) shaped integrated triboelectric energy harvester (U‐TENG) is proposed for complex and random ocean wave energy harvesting. The U‐TENG is assembled in a vertical structure by combining a coping TENG in a rotational structure and a bottom TENG in a rolling‐ball design. The proposed vertically integrated TENG structure can increase the efficiency of space utilization and improve the entirety output performance compared with the single device structure. A sophisticated auxiliary facility has also been pioneerily designed to simulate the ocean waving during the experiment tests. The prepared U‐TENG can easily light up dozens of light emitting diodes and power a commercial hygrothermograph at a low operating frequency. This work provides a highly efficient means to the development of high‐performance and robust TENG for ocean energy harvesting.
Behavioral Posology: A Novel Paradigm for Modeling the Healthy Limits of Behaviors
Authors: Henry Nathan , Pedersen Mangor , Williams Matt , Donkin Liesje
Published: July 2023

One of the challenges faced by behavioral scientists is the lack of modeling methodologies for accurately determining when a behavior becomes problematic. The authors propose “behavioral posology” as a novel modeling paradigm for quantifying the healthy limits of behaviors through the concept of behavioral dose. As an example of this paradigm, a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of a hypothetical digital behavior is presented, based on opponent process theory. The generic model can be adapted to simulate Solomon and Corbit's model of affective dynamics from 1974, and the model predicts features of addiction such as hedonic allostasis, withdrawal, and apparent tolerance. A behavioral frequency response analysis (BFRA) of the model demonstrates how behavior repetition may result in a hormetic dose–response relationship that depends on the frequency of the behavior. The model can be experimentally validated using Ecological Momentary Assessment, allowing researchers to hypothesize, model, and test causal mechanisms for behavioral addictions. The potential for behavioral posology to be applied as a clinical support tool in psychological medicine is discussed, as this modeling framework may help to detect and limit behaviors being performed too frequently based on factors such as the person's moral beliefs.
In‐Plane AlN‐based Actuator: Toward a New Generation of Piezoelectric MEMS
Authors: Bespalova Kristina , Nieminen Tarmo , Gabrelian Artem , Ross Glenn , Paulasto‐Kröckel Mervi
Published: July 2023

A novel design that utilizes aluminum nitride (AlN) piezoelectric thin films deposited on vertical surfaces for lateral motion and sensing is a step toward emerging multi‐axial microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). This work demonstrates the fabrication process and potential applications of an in‐plane moving piezoactuator. The actuator is excited using the inverse piezoelectric effect of the AlN thin film grown on the vertical surfaces of a Si cantilever. Lateral motion of the actuator is enabled when a voltage is applied between the top and bottom electrodes of the device, which are highly doped Si and titanium nitride thin film. The motion of the actuator is captured using scanning electron microscope.
Beyond Protocols: Understanding the Electrical Behavior of Perovskite Solar Cells by Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Ghahremanirad Elnaz , Almora Osbel , Suresh Sunil , Drew Amandine A. , Chowdhury Towhid H. , Uhl Alexander R.
Published: July 2023

Impedance spectroscopy (IS) is an effective characterization technique used to probe and distinguish charge dynamics occurring at different timescales in optoelectronic and electric devices. With the rapid rise of research being conducted on perovskite solar cells (PSCs), IS has significantly contributed to the understanding of their device performance and degradation mechanisms, including metastable effects such as current–voltage hysteresis. The ionic–electronic behavior of PSCs and the presence of a wide variety of perovskite compositions and cell architectures add complexity to the accurate interpretation of the physical processes occurring in these devices. In this review, the most common IS protocols are explained to help perform accurate impedance measurements on PSC devices. It critically reviews the most commonly used equivalent circuits alongside drift‐diffusion modeling as a complementary technique to analyze the impedance response of PSCs. As an emerging method for characterizing the interfacial recombination between the perovskite layer and selective contacts, light intensity modulated impedance spectroscopy technique is further discussed. Lastly, important works on the application of IS measurement protocols for PSCs are summarized followed by a detailed discussion, providing a critical perspective and outlook on the growing topic of IS on PSCs.
Effects of cattle manure and soil parent material on shallow groundwater quality
Authors: Streeter Matthew T. , Schilling Keith E. , Jones Christopher S. , St. Clair Marty
Published: July 2023

Livestock are a critical agricultural commodity in the Midwestern United States and are directly linked to row crop production. Chemical and manure nutrient application for row crop production has resulted in significant losses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to downstream ecosystems causing environmental crises like seasonal hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. However, the use of cattle manure has multiple benefits over commercial fertilizer including increased soil carbon levels and improved nutrient cycling and should be considered a critical component for future agricultural production in Iowa. In this study, we evaluated influences of bedded cattle manure and commercial fertilizer on groundwater quality in a field with varying soil parent material of glacial till and colluvium in eastern Iowa. We found that soil parent material predominately influenced groundwater quality. Multiple water quality parameters including nitrate varied significantly (p < 0.0001). Nitrate concentrations were nearly double in colluvium compared to glacial till (13.2 ± 6.7 compared to 7.0 ± 3.6 mg/L, respectively). Further, nitrate concentrations averaged 12.2 ± 8.1 mg/L in areas receiving bedded cattle manure and were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) compared to areas receiving commercial fertilizer only, which averaged 8.6 ± 4.7 mg/L. Dissolved P was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in areas receiving bedded cattle manure averaging 0.13 ± 0.12 mg/L compared to 0.07 ± 0.04 mg/L in commercial fertilizer‐only areas. However, higher nitrate concentrations were likely linked to 70 kg/ha of additional N applied to manure areas by farm managers above corn removal rates. Overall, our results stress the importance of appropriate nutrient application rates and placement over nutrient source.
Efficacy and safety of early‐start deferiprone in infants and young children with transfusion‐dependent beta thalassemia: Evidence for iron shuttling to transferrin in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, clinical trial (START)
Authors: Elalfy Mohsen S. , Hamdy Mona , Adly Amira , Ebeid Fatma S. E. , Temin Noemi Toiber , Rozova Anna , Lee David , Fradette Caroline , Tricta Fernando
Published: July 2023

Children with transfusion‐dependent thalassemia (TDT) require regular blood transfusions that, without iron‐chelation therapy, lead to iron‐overload toxicities. Current practice delays chelation therapy (late‐start) until reaching iron overload (serum ferritin ≥1000 μg/L) to minimize risks of iron‐depletion. Deferiprone's distinct pharmacological properties, including iron‐shuttling to transferrin, may reduce risks of iron depletion during mild‐to‐moderate iron loads and iron overload/toxicity in children with TDT. The early‐start deferiprone (START) study evaluated the efficacy/safety of early‐start deferiprone in infants/young children with TDT. Sixty‐four infants/children recently diagnosed with beta‐thalassemia and serum ferritin (SF) between 200 and 600 μg/L were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive deferiprone or placebo for 12 months or until reaching SF‐threshold (≥1000 μg/L at two consecutive visits). Deferiprone was initiated at 25 mg/kg/day and increased to 50 mg/kg/day; some recipients' dosages increased to 75 mg/kg/day based on iron levels. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients ≥SF‐threshold by month 12. Monthly transferrin saturation (TSAT) assessment evaluated iron‐shuttling. At baseline, there was no significant difference in mean age (deferiprone: 3.03 years, placebo: 2.63 years), SF (deferiprone: 513.8 μg/L, placebo: 451.7 μg/L), or TSAT (deferiprone: 47.98%, placebo: 43.43%) between groups. At month 12, there was no significant difference in growth or adverse event (AE) rates between groups. No deferiprone‐treated patients were iron‐depleted. At month 12, 66% of patients receiving deferiprone remained below SF threshold versus 39% of placebo (p = .045). Deferiprone‐treated patients showed higher TSAT levels and reached ≥60% TSAT threshold faster. Early‐start deferiprone was well‐tolerated, not associated with iron depletion, and efficacious in reducing iron overload in infants/children with TDT. TSAT results provide the first clinical evidence of deferiprone shuttling iron to transferrin.
Photo Responsive Electron and Proton Conductivity within a Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework
Authors: Chen Shimin , Ju Yan , Zhang Hao , Zou Yingbing , Lin Si , Li Yunbin , Wang Shuaiqi , Ma En , Deng Weihua , Xiang Shengchang , Chen Banglin , Zhang Zhangjing
Published: July 2023

Rational design of crystalline porous materials with coupled proton‐electron transfer has not yet been reported to date. Herein, we report a donor‐acceptor (D‐A) π‐π stacking hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF; HOF‐FJU‐36) with zwitterionic 1,1′‐bis(3‐carboxybenzyl)‐4,4′‐bipyridinium (H2L2+) as acceptor and 2,7‐naphthalene disulfonate (NDS2−) as donor to form a two‐dimensional (2D) layer. Three water molecules were situated in the channels to connect with acidic species through hydrogen bonding interactions to give a 3D framework. The continuous π‐π interactions along the a axis and the smooth H‐bonding chain along the b axis provide the electron and proton transfer pathways, respectively. After 405 nm light irradiation, the photogenerated radicals could simultaneously endow HOF‐FJU‐36 with photoswitchable electron and proton conductivity due to coupled electron‐proton transfer. By single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) analyses, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transient absorption spectra and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the mechanism of the switchable conductivity upon irradiation has been demonstrated.
Experimental study on gas–solid flow and heat transfer characteristics in downer moving bed
Authors: Zhang Shuangming , Zhou Tuo , Wu Haowen , Zhang Man , Zhu Shahong , Yang Hairui
Published: July 2023

As a special flow state of the downer, the downer moving bed has been applied in many fields. With the rapid development of the downer moving bed, experimental studies on the flow and heat transfer characteristics in the bed are urgently needed to promote the further development of it. Therefore, a complete set of downer moving bed experimental equipment is completed in this paper. Key parameters of flow characteristics such as void fraction and particle flow velocity are indirectly calculated through direct measurement of pressure and other data. The experimental results show that the factors affecting the solid circulation flow rate include bed inventory and inlet air velocity. Due to the high packing density of the particles, the void fraction of the downer moving bed has a small relative change. The particle flow velocity increases significantly with the increase of the inlet air velocity. Under the joint effect of particle velocity and void fraction, the variation of heat transfer coefficient along the height of the bed presents a single peak curve. And the heat transfer performance of the downer moving bed is obviously better than that of the downer fluidized bed at the same solid circulating flow rate. The differences between different tube bank arrangements and the single tube are compared. It is concluded that in practical applications, the requirements for heat transfer and heat transfer coefficient should be considered together and the best tube bank arrangement should be selected.
Calcium silicate‐reinforced pH‐sensitive alginate‐gellan gum composite hydrogels for prolonged drug delivery
Authors: Panday Anupama , Yadav Harsh , Patel Jwala , Paliwal Rishi , Maiti Sabyasachi
Published: July 2023

This study disclosed the synthesis and characterization of externally and/or internally crosslinked alginate‐gellan gum composite interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) and IPN hydrogel microspheres for controlled delivery of gliclazid. The internal cross‐linking of the polymer sol was accomplished via slow release of Ca2+ ions from calcium silicate in presence of gluconic acid d‐lactone. The microspheres had spherical shape with smooth surface morphology. The IPN or composite IPN hydrogel microspheres had drug entrapment efficiency of 70%–76%. Incorporation of gellan gum or gellan gum/calcium silicate in the alginate sol sustained the release of drug in simulated gastrointestinal fluids over 12 h without any sign of particle disintegration. Inclusion of calcium silicate in alginate gels was ineffective in controlling drug release under simulated gastrointestinal milieu. The drug release obeyed anomalous diffusion mechanism after inclusion of gellan gum or gellan gum‐calcium silicate in the alginate gel microspheres. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and zeta analysis confirmed absence of drug‐polymer chemical interaction. The thermal and x‐ray diffraction analyses suggested that the drug transformed into amorphous state after incorporation into composite hydrogel system. Hence, it may be advantageous to combine internal and external gelation procedures for creating composite IPN or IPN hydrogel microspheres for avoiding burst effect of alginate microspheres and managing desired drug release patterns in vitro.
Requirement of Snakeskin for normal functions of midgut and Malpighian tubules in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Qing , Yang Rui , Jin Lin , Li Guo‐Qing
Published: July 2023

Septate junctions (SJs) are located between epithelial cells and play crucial roles in epithelial barrier formation and epithelia cell homeostasis. Nevertheless, the molecular constituents, especially those related to smooth SJs (sSJs), have not been well explored in non‐Drosophilid insects. A putative integral membrane protein Snakeskin (Ssk) was identified in a Coleoptera foliar pest Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. RNA interference‐aided knockdown of Hvssk at the third‐instar larval stage arrested larval development. Most resultant larvae failed to shed larval exuviae until their death. Silence of Hvssk at the fourth‐instar larvae inhibited the growth and reduced foliage consumption. Dissection and microscopic observation revealed that compromised expression of Hvssk caused obvious phenotypic defects in the midgut. A great number of morphologically abnormal columnar epithelial cells accumulated throughout the midgut lumen. Moreover, numerous vesicles were observed in the malformed cells of the Malpighian tubules (Mt). All the Hvssk depleted larvae remained as prepupae; they gradually darkened and eventually died. Furthermore, depletion of Hvssk at the pupal stage suppressed adult feeding and shortened adult lifespan. These findings demonstrated that Ssk plays a vital role in the integrity and function of both midguts and Mt, and established the conservative roles of Ssk in the formation of epithelial barrier and the homeostasis of epithelial cells in H. vigintioctopunctata.