bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sunlight Intensity, Photosynthetically Active Radiation Modelling and Its Application in Algae-Based Wastewater Treatment and Its Cost Estimation
Authors: Verma Saumya , Chowdhury Raja , Das Sarat K. , Franchetti Matthew J. , Liu Gang
Published: October 2021

In algal pond used for treating wastewater, a part of the solar radiation (PAR) is used by algae for photosynthesis, and rest of the solar energy is wasted. To date, no studies have been conducted that optimize these aspects (wasted solar radiation for heat production) from an operational cost perspective. Therefore, a model is developed for the estimation of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) from solar radiation. Subsequently, derived PAR was utilized in the optimization algorithm. Experimental data on PAR and solar radiation were used to obtain empirical parameters of the developed model. Using empirical parameters, diurnal PAR was estimated for other locations for which the diurnal variation of solar radiation was not available. Afterwards, the estimated solar radiation was used to obtain the cost of algal biomass production using wastewater. For this purpose, a cost function was minimized. The cost function contains various cost components of algae-based wastewater treatment. The major costs of the treatment were incurred by the sunlight harvesting, and distribution equipment, whereas the major income was registered through the conversion of sunlight to heat and biomass production. The yearly cost of treating 1m3 wastewater in the proposed wastewater treatment plant could be varied from 186 to −44 (Rs, INR). The capital cost of constructing a proposed treatment plant having a capacity of 1000 m3/day varied from 11–45 crores INR.
Assessment of State-Space Building Energy System Models in Terms of Stability and Controllability
Authors: Harish V. S. K. V. , Kumar Arun , Alam Tabish , Blecich Paolo
Published: October 2021

Building energy management system involves the development of control strategies for the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC), as well as lighting, systems. Building energy modeling is a significant part of designing such strategies. In order to analyze the feasibility of a building energy system model for any desired control strategy, a mathematical assessment tool is developed in this paper. A multi-input multi-output (MIMO) building energy system model, consisting of an outdoor wall, an external wall, two partition walls, one roof, and a ceiling, has been considered as the virtual test setup. A methodology for conducting stability and controllability assessment tests on the building energy model is proposed using inverse dynamics input theory (IDIT). IDIT enables the decoupling of control variables so as to enable the conversion of an MIMO system to a number of independent single-input single-output systems. The controllability is assessed based on the design properties for continuous systems: asymptotes and transmission zeros. The results show that the relative humidity and air temperature of the building space were controllable for all operating points; however, in unconditioned situations, where the humidity levels of the building space were greater than that of the outdoor levels, the models were unstable.
Investigating the Drivers of Supply Chain Resilience in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Empirical Evidence from an Emerging Economy
Authors: Yamin Mohammad Ali
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted supply chain operations globally. Nevertheless, resilient firms have the capacity to combat an unprecedented situation with the right strategic approach. The current research has developed an integrated research model that combines factors such as supply chain intelligence, supply chain communication, leadership commitment, risk management orientation, supply chain capability and network complexity to investigate supply chain resilience. The research model of this study was empirically tested with 309 responses collected from supply chain managers. Results revealed that supply chain resilience is measured with supply chain intelligence, supply chain communication, leadership commitment, risk management orientation, supply chain capability and network complexity and demonstrated a substantial variance R2 of 0.548% towards supply chain resilience. Practically, this study suggests that supply chain managers should focus on factors such as big data analytics, risk management orientation,1 supply chain communication and leadership commitment to enhance supply chain resilience and sustainable supply chain performance.
Selective vs. Collective Outcomes of Collaborative Governance: The Impacts of Federal Stimulus Programs on Local and Regional Governance Outcomes
Authors: Kwak Chang-Gyu , Ki Namhoon , Hwang Suk-Joon
Published: October 2021

A number of studies have demonstrated that local government’s self-governing mechanisms can bring about positive collective outcomes for an entire region. However, less attention has been paid to different levels of collective outcomes (e.g., individual local governments vs. entire regions). Comparing such selective and collective outcomes in interlocal collaborations, this study attempts to explore which specific collaborative self-governing mechanisms can better work for which respective outcomes. Applying network approaches with time-series cross-sectional data, this study investigates how each local government’s network position and the network structure as a whole influence the impact of Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grants on job creation in terms of the regional green economy. Empirical results demonstrate the need for separating selective and collective outcomes in developing theories of regional governance. Additionally, the results provide practitioners with advice on how to manage interlocal relationships in order to maximize collective outcomes at different levels
Gamification in E-Learning and Sustainability: A Theoretical Framework
Authors: Oliveira Renata Pereira , Souza Cristina Gomes de , Reis Augusto da Cunha , Souza Wallice Medeiros de
Published: October 2021

Progress in communication technologies and social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have supported the acceptance of e-learning. In the e-learning context, gamification has been identified as one of the most promising trends. Many researchers believe in the game elements’ capacity to drive learning, skills acquisition, and changes for more sustainable behavior. However, the literature on the subject is dispersed, addressing behavioral attitudes and elements in an isolated and fragmented way. This study aims to present a framework relating game elements to behavioral attitudes to promote sustainability and ensure quality of learning. The methodology is based on a systematic literature review using the PRISMA protocol, covering the content analysis of 130 articles indexed in the Web of Science database. For the framework construction, the following were identified: behavioral attitudes stimulated by gamification; main game elements and how they relate to each other. Based on this, a framework called 7GOALS (Gamification-Oriented Active Learning Steps) associated with the PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Act) was established. The proposed structure is multidisciplinary and can be used in any knowledge field that uses gamification. With this, themes such as sustainability can be widely disseminated and leverage changes towards more sustainable behaviors that adhere to the real world.
Two-Dimensional Index of Departure from the Symmetry Model for Square Contingency Tables with Nominal Categories
Authors: Momozaki Tomotaka , Nakagawa Tomoyuki , Ishii Aki , Saigusa Yusuke , Tomizawa Sadao
Published: October 2021

In the analysis of two-way contingency tables, the degree of departure from independence is measured using measures of association between row and column variables (e.g., Yule’s coefficients of association and of colligation, Cramér’s coefficient, and Goodman and Kruskal’s coefficient). On the other hand, in the analysis of square contingency tables with the same row and column classifications, we are interested in measuring the degree of departure from symmetry rather than independence. Over past years, many studies have proposed various types of indexes based on their power divergence (or diversity index) to represent the degree of departure from symmetry. This study proposes a two-dimensional index to measure the degree of departure from symmetry in terms of the log odds of each symmetric cell with respect to the main diagonal of the table. By measuring the degree of departure from symmetry in terms of the log odds of each symmetric cell, the analysis results are easier to interpret than existing indexes. Numerical experiments show the utility of the proposed two-dimensional index. We show the usefulness of the proposed two-dimensional index by using real data.
Investigation and Control of Damping in VSC–MTDC System with DC Circuit Breakers
Authors: Ma Wenzhong , Gao Jianyi , Zhou Guanyu , Zhang Yan , Zhang Kuitong , Han Jia , Dong Lei
Published: October 2021

DC circuit breaker (DCCB) systems with a DC reactor in series are normally equipped in the voltage-sourced-converter-based multi-terminal DC (VSC–MTDC) systems for DC fault clearance. However, it is revealed that the use of DC reactors could undermine the system damping and deteriorate the system stability. In this paper, a controller based on hybrid sensitivity is proposed to improve the stability of power system and realize the power symmetry of multi-terminal systems. Firstly, based on a generalized MTDC small-signal model, an eigenvalue analysis is performed to provide deep insight into the stability issue imposed by DC reactors. Furthermore, a local controller based on hybrid sensitivity was proposed, and on this basis, a global controller was designed to solve asymmetrical power flow. Finally, a four-terminal VSC–MTDC model was built in Simulink to evaluate the performance of DC-PSS. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller in stabilizing MTDC systems and symmetrizing of power flow.
Livelihoods and Tourism: Capital Assets, Household Resiliency, and Subjective Wellbeing
Authors: Munanura Ian E. , Sabuhoro Edwin , Hunt Carter A. , Ayorekire Jim
Published: October 2021

Although a positive relationship between tourism and quality of life is the premise of using tourism to support biodiversity conservation, tourism scholars rarely assess the relationship between tourism and community livelihoods with rigorous empirical methods, even less so in African contexts. Focusing on communities in the Greater Virunga Landscape in Rwanda and Uganda, we conducted a household survey to acquire empirical data to test novel hypotheses about tourism’s influence on capital assets, household resiliency, and subjective wellbeing. Using inferential statistical analyses (e.g., analysis of variance, chi-square difference test, and independent sample t-tests), we compared the responses from 346 residents who have direct access to tourism livelihoods with responses collected from 224 residents not engaged in tourism. Contrary to expectations, our findings suggest that tourism may not lead to dramatic differences in access to capital assets. However, we did discover moderate influences on household resiliency and subjective wellbeing. These intangible and subjective wellbeing outcomes of tourism-based livelihood programs are challenging to assess empirically. Yet, they may be among some of the most important from a human development standpoint. As a first effort to integrate three theoretical frameworks that have, to date, seen limited application in tourism research, this study has opened the door to further work at the intersections of capital assets, family resilience, and wellbeing theories. In conclusion, we argue that incentivizing the protection of local environments through tourism must be extended to other forms of capital, while also considering more nuanced manifestations of intangible wellbeing outcomes. As such, this paper makes a significant empirical contribution to the ongoing theoretical and practical debates about the tourism-conservation relationship.
Design of a Quantitative LC-MS Method for Residual Toxins Adenylate Cyclase Toxin (ACT), Dermonecrotic Toxin (DNT) and Tracheal Cytotoxin (TCT) in Bordetella pertussis Vaccines
Authors: Szymkowicz Lisa , Gerard Jeffery , Messham Benjamin , Tam Wai , James D.
Published: October 2021

The antigens for acellular pertussis vaccines are made up of protein components that are purified directly from Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) bacterial fermentation. As such, there are additional B. pertussis toxins that must be monitored as residuals during process optimization. This paper describes a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for simultaneous analysis of residual protein toxins adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) and dermonecrotic toxin (DNT), as well as a small molecule glycopeptide, tracheal cytotoxin (TCT) in a Pertussis toxin vaccine antigen. A targeted LC-MS technique called multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) is used for quantitation of ACT and TCT, which have established limits in drug product formulations. However, DNT is currently monitored in an animal test, which does not have an established quantitative threshold. New approaches for DNT testing are discussed, including a novel standard based on concatenated quantitation sequences for ACT and DNT. Collectively, the method represents a “3-in-1” analytical simplification for monitoring process-related residuals during development of B. pertussis vaccines.
Multi-Wavelength Observations of a Failed Filament Eruption and Associated Hovered Coronal Mass Ejection
Authors: Zhang Yin , Tan Baolin , Tan Chengmin , Huang Jing , Yan Yihua
Published: October 2021

Failed filament eruption remains mysterious on its initiation, magnetic environment, and erupting and failing mechanisms. We present multi-wavelength observations of a failed filament eruption and its associated hovered coronal mass ejection (hovered-CME) from limb observations of the Ahead of Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory. On-disk observations from Solar Dynamics Observatory show the expansion of the anchored leg of an S-shaped filament during the pre-eruption phase. The main eruption starts as a sudden ejection of the erupted leg, which is followed by the appearance of EUV brightening in the S-shaped magnetic field. The brightening is spatio-temporal accompanied with hard X-ray emission enhancement, and cancellation of opposite magnetic polarities, which imply possible reconnection. After reaching the maximum displacement, the erupted material drains back to the Sun along the remaining anchored leg. The non-linear force free magnetic field extrapolation shows an S-shaped magnetic field, formed by two magnetic structures, with a strong enveloped magnetic field. The decay index at the possible apex of the filament is 0.8–1.2. Observations indicate that the failed filament eruption is triggered by tether cutting reconnection and is possibly confined by the upper magnetic field. The hovered-CME, resulting from the failed filament eruption and recording as a coronal mass ejection (CME), may cause the overestimation of the CME count.
Does the Loop Quantum μo Scheme Permit Black Hole Formation?
Authors: Li Bao-Fei , Singh Parampreet
Published: October 2021

We explore the way different loop quantization prescriptions affect the formation of trapped surfaces in the gravitational collapse of a homogeneous dust cloud, with particular emphasis on the so-called μo scheme in which loop quantum cosmology was initially formulated. Its undesirable features in cosmological models led to the so-called improved dynamics or the μ¯ scheme. While the jury is still out on the right scheme for black hole spacetimes, we show that as far as black hole formation is concerned, the μo scheme has another, so far unknown, serious problem. We found that in the μo scheme, no trapped surfaces would form for a nonsingular collapse of a homogeneous dust cloud in the marginally bound case unless the minimum nonzero area of the loops over which holonomies are computed or the Barbero–Immirzi parameter decreases almost four times from its standard value. It turns out that the trapped surfaces in the μo scheme for the marginally bound case are also forbidden for an arbitrary matter content as long as the collapsing interior is isometric to a spatially flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) spacetime. We found that in contrast to the situation in the μo scheme, black holes can form in the μ¯ scheme, as well as other lattice refinements with a mass gap determined by quantum geometry.
Dynamics of Charged Particles Moving around Kerr Black Hole with Inductive Charge and External Magnetic Field
Authors: Sun Xin , Wu Xin , Wang Yu , Deng Chen , Liu Baorong , Liang Enwei
Published: October 2021

We mainly focus on the effects of small changes of parameters on the dynamics of charged particles around Kerr black holes surrounded by an external magnetic field, which can be considered as a tidal environment. The radial motions of charged particles on the equatorial plane are studied via an effective potential. It is found that the particle energies at the local maxima values of the effective potentials increase with an increase in the black hole spin and the particle angular momenta, but decrease with an increase of one of the inductive charge parameter and magnetic field parameter. The radii of stable circular orbits on the equatorial plane also increase, whereas those of the innermost stable circular orbits decrease. On the other hand, the effects of small variations of the parameters on the orbital regular and chaotic dynamics of charged particles on the non-equatorial plane are traced by means of a time-transformed explicit symplectic integrator, Poincaré sections and fast Lyapunov indicators. It is shown that the dynamics sensitivity depends on small variations in the inductive charge parameter, magnetic field parameter, energy, and angular momentum. Chaos occurs easily as each of the inductive charge parameter, magnetic field parameter, and energy increases but is weakened as the angular momentum increases. When the dragging effects of the spacetime increase, the chaotic properties are not always weakened under some circumstances.
Genome Characterization of Bird-Related Rhabdoviruses Circulating in Africa
Authors: Luo Dong-Sheng , Zhou Zhi-Jian , Ge Xing-Yi , Bourhy Hervé , Shi Zheng-Li , Grandadam Marc , Dacheux Laurent
Published: October 2021

Rhabdoviridae is the most diverse family of the negative, single-stranded RNA viruses, which includes 40 ecologically different genera that infect plants, insects, reptiles, fishes, and mammals, including humans, and birds. To date, only a few bird-related rhabdoviruses among the genera Sunrhavirus, Hapavirus, and Tupavirus have been described and analyzed at the molecular level. In this study, we characterized seven additional and previously unclassified rhabdoviruses, which were isolated from various bird species collected in Africa during the 1960s and 1970s. Based on the analysis of their genome sequences obtained by next generation sequencing, we observed a classical genomic structure, with the presence of the five canonical rhabdovirus genes, i.e., nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), glycoprotein (G), and polymerase (L). In addition, different additional open reading frames which code putative proteins of unknown function were identified, with the common presence of the C and the SH proteins, within the P gene and between the M and G genes, respectively. Genetic comparisons and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that these seven bird-related rhabdoviruses could be considered as putative new species within the genus Sunrhavirus, where they clustered into a single group (named Clade III), a companion to two other groups that encompass mainly insect-related viruses. The results of this study shed light on the high diversity of the rhabdoviruses circulating in birds, mainly in Africa. Their close relationship with other insect-related sunrhaviruses raise questions about their potential role and impact as arboviruses that affect bird communities.
RNA Binding Proteins as Pioneer Determinants of Infection: Protective, Proviral, or Both?
Authors: Lisy Samantha , Rothamel Katherine , Ascano Manuel
Published: October 2021

As the first intracellular host factors that directly interact with the genomes of RNA viruses, RNA binding proteins (RBPs) have a profound impact on the outcome of an infection. Recent discoveries brought about by new methodologies have led to an unprecedented ability to peer into the earliest events between viral RNA and the RBPs that act upon them. These discoveries have sparked a re-evaluation of current paradigms surrounding RBPs and post-transcriptional gene regulation. Here, we highlight questions that have bloomed from the implementation of these novel approaches. Canonical RBPs can impact the fates of both cellular and viral RNA during infection, sometimes in conflicting ways. Noncanonical RBPs, some of which were first characterized via interactions with viral RNA, may encompass physiological roles beyond viral pathogenesis. We discuss how these RBPs might discriminate between an RNA of either cellular or viral origin and thus exert either pro- or antiviral effects—which is a particular challenge as viruses contain mechanisms to mimic molecular features of cellular RNA.
A Longitudinal Analysis of Cerebral Blood Flow in Perinatally HIV Infected Adolescents as Compared to Matched Healthy Controls
Authors: van Genderen Jason G. , Van den Hof Malon , ter Haar Anne Marleen , Blokhuis Charlotte , Keil Vera C. , Pajkrt Dasja , Mutsaerts Henk J. M. M.
Published: October 2021

Despite effective combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART), perinatally HIV infected (PHIV) adolescents still experience cognitive complications. We previously reported higher cerebral blood flow (CBF) in basal ganglia and white matter (WM) in PHIV children compared to matched controls. In healthy children CBF is associated with cognitive domains. To determine longitudinal changes in CBF and its impact on cognitive complications, we measured CBF—using arterial spin labeling—in 21 PHIV adolescents and 23 controls matched for age, sex and socio-economic status twice with a mean follow-up of 4.6 years. We explored associations between CBF changes and WM micro- and macrostructural markers and cognitive domains using linear mixed models. The median age at follow-up was comparable between PHIV adolescents 17.4y (IQR:15.3–20.7) and controls 16.2y (IQR:15.6–19.1). At baseline, PHIV had higher CBF in the caudate nucleus and putamen. CBF development was comparable in gray matter (GM), WM and subcortical regions in both groups. In our cohort, we found that over time an increase of GM CBF was associated with an increase of visual motor function (p = 0.043) and executive function (p = 0.045). Increase of CBF in the caudate nucleus, putamen and thalamus was associated with an increase processing speed (p = 0.033; 0.036; 0.003 respectively) and visual motor function (p = 0.023; 0.045; 0.003 respectively). CBF development is relatively normal in PHIV adolescents on cART. CBF decline is associated with cognitive impairment, irrespective of HIV status.
Development of a Fish-Based Multimetric Index for the Assessment of Lagoons’ Ecological Quality in Northern Greece
Authors: Sapounidis Argyrios S. , Koutrakis Emmanuil T.
Published: October 2021

Maintaining and improving the aquatic ecosystems in the community is the aim of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC. The WFD requires the water quality to be classified into five categories. Lagoons are dynamic ecosystems. The fish communities inhabiting them are highly affected by the environmental conditions prevailing both in the freshwater systems and in the marine environment. The current paper presented the first effort to develop a fish-based index (Lagoon Fish-based Index—LFI) for the assessment of the Mediterranean shallow lagoons, as almost all indices produced to date refer to freshwater or estuarine systems. For the development and calibration of the index, data were collected from nine lagoons situated in three estuarine systems in the East Macedonia and Thrace regions. The development of the LFI was based on the principles of the Indices of Biological Integrity (IBIs) that were primary used for the assessment of aquatic ecosystems in the USA. A total number of 25 metrics were selected as potential metrics for the LFI. These metrics describe attributes such as the abundance and composition of the fish fauna, the feeding strategies of the species, and the presence of sentinel species. Finally, eight metrics were included in the LFI.
Comparison of Target Strength of Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasii Valenciennes, 1847) from Ex-Situ Measurements and a Theoretical Model
Authors: Yoon Euna , Oh Woo-Seok , Lee Hyungbeen , Hwang Kangseok , Kim Doo-Nam , Lee Kyounghoon
Published: October 2021

Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii Valenciennes, 1847) is a commercially important species that inhabits the coastal waters of the North Pacific from Korea to California, USA. This study analyzed the target strength (TS; dB re 1 m2) of Pacific herring individuals (n = 14, total length (LT) = 21.3–32.3 cm) at 38 and 120 kHz using ex-situ measurements and the Kirchhoff-ray mode (KRM) model. The least-squares regressions of the TS–LT relationship for the ex-situ measurements were TS38kHz = 20 log10(LT) − 70.10 (r = 0.17) and TS120kHz = 20 log10(LT) − 70.59 (r = 0.10). The least-squares regressions for the KRM model were TS38kHz = 20 log10(LT) − 68.39 (r = 0.40) and TS120kHz = 20 log10(LT) − 69.74 (r = 0.49). The b20 value of the KRM model was 1.71 dB higher than that of the ex-situ measurement at 38 kHz but similar at 120 kHz. These results provide basic data to evaluate the distribution and abundance of Pacific herring using fisheries’ acoustic technology.
Effects of Dynamical Change in Water Level on Local Scouring around Bridge Piers Based on In-Situ Experiments
Authors: Kadono Takuma , Kato Sho , Okazaki Shinichiro , Matsui Toshinori , Kajitani Yoshio , Ishizuka Masahide , Yoshida Hidenori
Published: October 2021

To evaluate the stability of bridge piers affected by the local scouring, the existing formulas for estimating the maximum local scour depth have been developed based on the results of experiments conducted under a constant water level. However, the applicability of these formulas to the cases where the water level rises and falls, such as a water level change in a real river, is not clear. In this study, water flow experiments were conducted on cylindrical and oval bridge pier models to investigate the effect of iterated water level change on the progression of local scour around piers. Results of experiments with cylindrical and oval pier showed that the local scour depth and length increased by an iterated action of the water level change; however, these values converged after the number of iterated actions reached a certain time. The local scour length at upstream of the bridge pier was approximately 1.8 times larger than the theoretical value, which was calculated through the local scour depth and angle of repose in water. The local scour length is an important parameter for defining the streambed protection zone, which is one of the measures against local scour, and we showed that the streambed protection zone needs to be defined more widely.
Structure-Based Long-Term Biodegradation of the Azo Dye: Insights from the Bacterial Community Succession and Efficiency Comparison
Authors: Zhu Chao , Mahmood Zarak , Siddique Muhammad Saboor , Wang Heyou , Anqi He , Sillanpää Mika
Published: October 2021

In this study, microbial community dynamics were explored during biological degradation of azo dyes with different chemical structures. The effect of the different molecular structures of the azo dyes was also assessed against the simultaneous removal of color and the bacterial community. Winogradsky columns were inoculated with dewatered sludge and separately fed with six different azo dyes to conduct the sludge acclimatization process, and nine bacterial decolorizing strains were isolated and identified. The decolorization and biodegradation performances of the acclimated system and isolated strains were also determined. Results showed that the bacterial isolates involved in decolorization and the degradation of the azo dyes were mainly associated with the azo dye structure. After 24 h acclimatization at room temperature without specific illumination, immediate decolorization of methyl red (89%) and methyl orange (78%) was observed, due to their simple structure compared to tartrazine (73%). However, after 8 days of acclimatization, methyl red was easily decolorized up to 99%, and about 87% decolorization was observed for orange G (87%), due to its complex chemical structure. Higher degrees of degradation and decolorization were achieved with Pseudomonas geniculate strain Ka38 (Proteobacteria), Bacillus cereus strain 1FFF (Firmicutes) and Klebsiella variicola strain RVEV3 (Proteobacteria) with continuous shaking at 30 °C. The azo dyes with benzene rings were found to be easier to decolorize and degrade with similar microbial communities. Moreover, it seems that the chemical structures of the azo dyes, in a sense, drove the divergent succession of the bacterial community while reducing the diversity. This study gives a deep insight into the feasible structure-based artificial manipulation of bacterial communities and offers theoretical guidance for decolorizing azo dyes with mixed bacteria cultures.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Evapotranspiration and Effects of Water and Heat on Water Use Efficiency
Authors: Tang Yuan-Yuan , Chen Jian-Ping , Zhang Feng , Yuan Shi-Song
Published: October 2021

Water Use Efficiency (WUE) is an important indicator of the carbon cycle in the hydrological and ecological system. It is of great significance to study the response of different hydrological processes to climate and to understand ecosystem carbon sink. However, little is known about the effects and mechanisms of precipitation and temperature on the WUE of different hydrological processes. Thus, three kinds of WUEs (GPP/E (eWUE), GPP/Et (tWUE), and GPP/P (pWUE)) are defined for three different hydrological indicators in semi-arid areas in this study in order to reveal the variation pattern of WUEs based on hydrological indicators and their response to climate. We found that in the past 15 years, the seasonal fluctuation of evapotranspiration in arid areas was large, and the spatial difference of WUE of different hydrological processes was obvious. In semi-arid areas, temperature had a significant effect on WUE (about 68–81%). However, precipitation had a lag effect on WUEs, and the negative impact of precipitation has a great influence (about 84–100%). Secondly, the threshold values of precipitation to WUEs (200 or 300 mm) and temperature to WUEs (2 or 7 °C) are also different from previous studies. This study advances our understanding of the influence of different hydrological processes on ecosystem carbon and climate.
Comparison of Desalination Technologies Using Renewable Energy Sources with Life Cycle, PESTLE, and Multi-Criteria Decision Analyses
Authors: Do Thi Huyen Trang , Pasztor Tibor , Fozer Daniel , Manenti Flavio , Toth Andras Jozsef
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, desalination continues to expand globally, which is one of the most effective solutions to solve the problem of the global drinking water shortage. However, desalination is not a fail-safe process and has many environmental and human health consequences. This paper investigated the desalination procedure of seawater with different technologies, namely, multi-stage flash distillation (MSF), multi-effect distillation (MED), and reverse osmosis (RO), and with various energy sources (fossil energy, solar energy, wind energy, nuclear energy). The aim was to examine the different desalination technologies’ effectiveness with energy sources using three assessment methods, which were examined separately. The life cycle assessment (LCA), PESTLE, and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods were used to evaluate each procedure. LCA was based on the following impact analysis and evaluation methods: ReCiPe 2016, IMPACT 2002+, and IPCC 2013 GWP 100a; PESTLE risk analysis evaluated the long-lasting impact on processes and technologies with political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors. Additionally, MCDA was based on the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to evaluate desalination technologies. This study considered the operational phase of a plant, which includes the necessary energy and chemical needs, which is called “gate-to-gate” analysis. Saudi Arabia data were used for the analysis, with the base unit of 1 m3 of the water product. As the result of this study, RO combined with renewable energy provided outstanding benefits in terms of human health, ecosystem quality, and resources, as well as the climate change and emissions of GHGs categories.
The Effect of Driving Cycle Duration on Its Representativeness
Authors: Giraldo Michael , Quirama Luis F. , Huertas José I. , Tibaquirá Juan E.
Published: October 2021

There is an increasing interest in properly representing local driving patterns. The most frequent alternative to describe driving patterns is through a representative time series of speed, denominated driving cycle (DC). However, the DC duration is an important factor in achieving DC representativeness. Long DCs involve high testing costs, while short DCs tend to increase the uncertainty of the fuel consumption and tailpipe emissions results. There is not a defined methodology to establish the DC duration. This study aims to study the effect of different durations of the DCs on their representativeness. We used data of speed, time, fuel consumption, and emissions obtained by monitoring for two months the regular operation of a fleet of 15 buses running in two flat urban regions with different traffic conditions. Using the micro-trips method, we constructed DCs with a duration of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, and 120 min for each region. For each duration, we repeated the process 500 times in order to establish the trend and dispersion of the DC characteristic parameters. The results indicate that to obtain driving pattern representativeness, the DCs must last at least 25 min. This duration also guarantees the DC representativeness in terms of energy consumption and tailpipe emissions.
THE USE OF MODERN CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Mykytenko Pavlo , Halytskyi Oleksandr
Published: October 2021

The article considers modern cloud services for use in the educational process, namely Google Workspace for Education, Microsoft 365 Education and AWS Educate. The functional characteristics and services that teachers can use in their professional activities are analyzed. In particular, the most widespread cloud storage services are considered and a comparative characteristic is given to choose the most efficient service.
Non-speculum sampling approaches for cervical screening in older women: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Landy Rebecca , Hollingworth Tony , Waller Jo , Marlow Laura AV , Rigney Jane , Round Thomas , Sasieni Peter D , Lim Anita WW
Published: October 2021

Background

Cervical cancer disproportionately affects women ≥65 years, especially those not screened regularly. Speculum use is a key barrier.

Aim

To assess if offering non-speculum clinician-taken sampling and self-sampling increases uptake for lapsed attenders aged 50–64 years.

Design and setting

Pragmatic randomised control trial conducted at 10 general practices in East London, UK.

Method

Participants were 784 women aged 50–64 years, last screened 6–15 years before randomisation. Intervention participants received a letter offering the choice of non-speculum clinician- or self-sampling. Control participants received usual care. The main outcome measure was uptake within 4 months.

Results

Screening uptake 4 months after randomisation was significantly higher in the intervention arm: 20.4% (n = 80/393) versus 4.9% in the control arm (n = 19/391, absolute difference 15.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 11.0% to 20.0%, P<0.001). This was maintained at 12 months: intervention 30.5% (n = 120/393) versus control 13.6% (n = 53/391) (absolute difference 17.0%, 95% CI = 11.3% to 22.7%, P<0.001). Conventional screening attendance within 12 months was very similar for both intervention 12.7% (n = 50/393) and control 13.6% (n = 53/391) arms. Ethnic differences were seen in screening modality preference. More White women opted for self-sampling (50.7%, n = 38/75), whereas most Asian and Black women and those from other ethnic backgrounds opted for conventional screening.

Conclusion

Offering non-speculum clinician-taken sampling and self-sampling substantially increases uptake in older lapsed attendee women. Non-speculum clinician sampling appeals to women who dislike the speculum but still prefer a clinician to take their sample. Providing a choice of screening modality may be important for optimising cervical screening uptake.
Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Melalui Pemanfaatan Media Audio Visual : Studi Eksperimen Dalam Pembelajaran Tari
Authors: Mariyah Yoyoh Siti , Budiman Agus , Rohayani Heny , Audina Winda Dewi
Published: October 2021

This study aims to see the influence of audio-visual media in dance learning to increase the learning motivation of class VII-A students at SMPN 1 Mangunjaya. The research method used is the pre-experimental method with the design of The One Group Pretest-Posttest. Data collection techniques using observation techniques, literature studies, interviews and documentation studies. The results showed that there was no significant effect of audio-visual media in increasing the motivation of class VII-A students at SMPN 1 Mangunjaya, seen from the analysis results showed that the t value was 0.015˃0.05 and the t value was 2,600˂ t table 2.042, the results of this analysis showed that dance learning with the application of audio-visual media has no effect in increasing student learning motivation, so the hypothesis decision is that it can be concluded that H1 does not have a significant effect on the variable X1 on Y. Accepting H1 or which means there is no significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores. The conclusion is that the audio-visual media applied in dance learning does not have a significant effect on increasing the motivation of class VII-A students at SMPN 1 Mangunjaya
Texto de Capa
Authors: Barreto Tarsis
Published: October 2021

Princesa Isabel
Factors for Implementation of Qanun in Aceh Education
Authors: Nur Hafni
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of the Qanun on the implementation of Islamic values-based education and to interpret the obstacles and supports for implementation. Implementation referred to the content concept and context of Grindle's policies. The research method used a case study approach that was explanatory, with the type of research being descriptive qualitative data analysis. The research findings were: (1)—the implementation of the Qanun based on the principles of national policy. The specific policies of Aceh still guided it, and these principles were squeezed into educational goals and curricula. (2) the supporting factors for implementing the contents of the Qanun represent the interests of the target group, the types of benefits obtained, the type of change desired, and the elite actors in power. In contrast, the obstacles to implementation were the lack of adequate resource support, the absence of derivative policies, the degree of change that had not provided significant results, and the low compliance and responsiveness of implementing agencies.
Demiryolu Bakım İşlerinde Matris Yöntemi Kullanılarak Risklerin Olası Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: URAY Kemal
Published: October 2021

Son yıllarda Türkiye’deki demiryolu yatırımları incelendiğinde gelecekte demiryolu ulaşımının daha önemli bir ulaşım modu olacağı görülmektedir. Hatlardaki trafik yoğunluğu ve iyileştirmelere paralel olarak artan hızlarla birlikte demiryolu işletmeciliğinde risklerde de artışlar olacaktır. Tren sefer sayısındaki artış ve yüksek işletme hızları demiryolu hattının bozulmasını hızlandıracak, bunun sonucunda bakım ve yenileme çalışmalarının sayısı artacaktır. Bu bakım ve yenileme çalışmaları işletmenin kesintiye uğramasına sebep olacaktır. Gerçekleştirilen bakım çalışmaları sırasında hattaki çalışanların güvenliğinin sağlanması için risk analizlerinin yapılması gerekliliği önemli bir konu olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Bu çalışmada, demiryolu bakım müdürlüklerinde yapılan bakım ve iyileştirme faaliyetlerinde meydana gelebilecek risklerin olası etkileri L matris yöntemi kullanılarak matematiksel ifadelere dönüştürülmüş ve her bir iş bölümünün risk puanı hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı örnek olarak seçilen bakım müdürlüğünde, risk tespitlerinin yapılarak risklerin azaltılması ve ortadan kaldırılması için ilgili paydaşlara gerekli önerilerin sunulmasıdır.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Sugarcane Bagasse and Pineapple Leaf Particulate Reinforced Polyester Resin Matrix Composites
Authors: BOLASODUN Babatunde , DUROWAYE Stephen , AKANO Theddeus
Published: October 2021

In this study, an experimental research was conducted in developing and characterising sugarcane bagasse and pineapple leaf particulate particulate reınforced polyester resın composıtes. Unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) was reinforced with sugarcane bagasse and pineapple leaf particulates in varied proportions (0 – 25 wt. %) by mould casting. Morphology and mechanical properties of the composites were examined. There was a good dispersion of particulates in the polyester resin. The sugarcane bagasse reinforced composite demonstrated the highest tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact energy of 84.94 MPa, 121.16 MPa, and 7.37 J respectively at 20 wt. % reinforcement. The tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact energy of the composites improved with increasing concentration of the reinforcement. This is an indication of the suitability of the reinforcing materials as fillers for unsaturated polyester resin and an indication of the potential the polymer matrix composite has for low strength applications.
Alpha Power Odd Generalized Exponential Family of Distributions: Model, Properties and Applications
Authors: ELBATAL Ibrahim , ÇAKMAKYAPAN Selen , ÖZEL Gamze
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we exhibit a general family of distributions called alpha power odd generalized exponential family of distributions. The new family is very flexible with increasing, decreasing, J, reversed-J, bathtub shapes. Statistical properties of the family such as quantile, expansion of density function, moments, incomplete moments, mean deviation, Bonferroni and Lorenz curves are proposed. The method of maximum likelihood to estimate the model parameters is used. Three applications based on real data sets are the importance and flexibility of the three proposed models.
HİTİT KRALLIĞI’NDA KENT VE ÜLKE SAVUNMASI
Authors: CEVHER Mehmet
Published: October 2021

Anadolu’nun ilk merkezi krallığını kurmayı başaran Hititler, yaklaşık olarak 470 yıl süren egemenlik süreci boyunca savunma uygulamalarının ön planda tutulduğu bir politika benimsemişlerdir. Hitit Krallığı, bölgedeki varlığını tehdit eden oluşumlar karşısında ülke ve kent savunması temeline dayanan bir güvenlik politikası uygulamıştır. Ülke savunması, sınır hatları üzerindeki egemenliğin kontrol altında tutulması esasına dayanmaktadır. Hitit Krallığı’nın etrafını saran ve düşmanca bir tutum sergileyen krallıklar her daim sınır güvenliğini tehdit altında tutmuşlardır. Bu saldırıların başarıya ulaşması halinde savunma kurgusunun ikinci basamağı olan kent savunması Hitit Krallığı tarafından etkin bir uygulamaya tabi tutulmuştur. Hitit Krallığı kulelerle desteklenen sandık duvarlı sur sistemleri ve monumental kent kapıları ile ön plana çıkan kent savunması, kentlerdeki sosyo-ekonomik hayatın korunması, krallığın toparlanmak için ihtiyaç duyduğu zamanın sağlanması ve istilacı eylemler karşısında caydırıcı bir etkinin yaratılması amacına hizmet etmektedir. Bu makalede Hitit Krallığı’nın ülke ve kent savunması bağlamında uyguladığı yöntemler irdelenmiş olup, bu uygulamaların Hitit Krallığı’nın güvenlik politikaları kapsamındaki öneminin anlaşılmasına çalışılmıştır.
Tingkat Kecemasan, Stress Dan Depresi Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester II Dan III di PMB Ibu Alam Kota Salatiga
Authors: Veftisia Vistra , Afriyani Luvi Dian
Published: October 2021

Tingkat kecemasan, dan depresi ibu hamil semakin akut dan intensif seiring dengan mendekatnya kelahiran bayi. Kecemasan sangat berpengaruh terhadap kesejahteraan ibu hamil maupun janin yang didalam kandungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingakat kecemasan, stress dan depresi pada ibu hamil TM II dan TM III. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain deskriptif kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi  dalam penelitian  adalah  ibu  hamil   di   PMB ibu Alam Kota Salatiga sebanyak 40 orang. Dengan teknik    purposive sampling sampel  32 ibu hamil trimester II dan III. Alat  pengumpulan  kuesioner DASS 42. Analisa data menggunakan menggunakan tendensi sentral. Hasil penelitian didapatkan kecemasan ringan (11, 03), stress ringan (12, 81), depresi ringan (11, 25)