bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЯМР-ПАРАМАГНИТНОЕ ЗОНДИРОВАНИЕ РАСТВОРОВ ПОЛИМЕРОВ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ИОНОВ МАРГАНЦА(II), "Высокомолекулярные соединения. Серия С"
Authors: Амиров Р.Р. , Бурилова Е.А. , Журавлева Ю. И. , Захаров А. В. , Зиятдинова А. Б.
Published: April 2018

Методом ядерной магнитной релаксации показано, что ионы марганца(II) могут служить парамагнитными зондами при изучении водных растворов полиэлектролитов (полистиролсульфоната и полиэтиленимина) и их смесей. При анализе измеренных скоростей спин-решеточной (R1) и спин-спиновой (R2) релаксации установлены различия в характере связывания ионов марганца(II) с полистиролсульфонатом и полиэтиленимином. В смеси полимеров в кислой и нейтральной средах марганец(II) образует два типа тройных комплексов. С использованием предложенной методики определения степени гидратированности координационной сферы связанных ионов зонда по величине отношения R2/R1 найдено число молекул воды в первой сфере полимер-связанных ионов марганца марганца(II).
ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИОННОГО И ТЕМПЕРАТУРНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ЭКВИВАЛЕНТНОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОПРОВОДНОСТИ ВОДНЫХ РАСТВОРОВ ДИАЛЛИЛАММОНИЕВЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ: ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРИРОДЫ ПРОТИВОИОНА И СТРУКТУРЫ АМИНА1, "Высокомолекулярные соединения. Серия С"
Authors: Тимофеева Л.М. , Балакаева И.В. , Лилеев А.С. , Симонова Ю. А. , Лященко А.К.
Published: April 2018

Исследованы удельная и эквивалентная электропроводность разбавленных водных растворов диаллиламмониевых полиэлектролитов, исходных мономеров (трифторацетатов диаллил- и диаллилметиламмония, хлорида диаллилдиметиламмония), а также растворов трифторацетата калия и трифторуксусной кислоты. Определены предельные ионные подвижности диаллиламмониевых катионов и трифторацетат-аниона. Установлены закономерности концентрационных изменений эквивалентной электропроводности растворов полиэлектролитов. Показано, что степень диссоциации диаллиламмониевых полимеров зависит как от природы противоиона, так и от структуры амина.
Phytoestrongens the modulador selective receptor estrogen?
Authors: Guerra Thais De Rezende Bessa , Boaventura Gilson Teles , Velarde Luis Guillermo Coca
Published: April 2018

Flaxseed are particularly abundant source of phytoestrogens, are diphenolic compounds that are present in several plants eaten by human beings. When ingested in relatively large amounts, phytoestrogens have been shown to have significant estrogen agonists/ antagonists effects in animals and humans. There is epidemiological, laboratory and clinical evidence which indicates that phytoestrogens, like certain selective estrogen receptor modulators, have an antiproliferative effect on the breast, and positive effects on the lipoprotein profile and bone density. They might also improve some of the climacteric symptoms. This evidence is critically reviewed, and the possible benefit of dietary intervention with phytoestrogen-rich food for woman's health is discussed.  
Avaliação da qualidade de vida de indivíduos com osteoartrose de coluna
Authors: Ariotti Daniel Luis , Panisson Indiara Daré , Silveira Michele Marinho , Vidmar Marlon Francys , Wibelinger Lia Mara
Published: April 2018

A osteoartrose é uma das doenças crônico-degenerativas mais comuns, sendo a coluna vertebral um dos segmentos mais acometidos, o que tem implicação direta na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. A fisioterapia reabilitativa deve, cada vez mais, fazer parte da atenção primária e secundária, visando à prevenção da perda da capacidade de independência e autonomia, proporcionando, assim, maior qualidade de vida aos indivíduos com osteoartrose. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a qualidade de vida em indivíduos portadores de osteoartrose de coluna pré e pós-intervenção fisioterapêutica. Para isso foi utilizado o questionário SF-36, administrado por entrevista fechada. A amostra totalizou 12 indivíduos, sendo 10 indivíduos do sexo feminino e 2 indivíduos do sexo masculino, com faixa etária entre 50 e 80 anos de idade. Para verificar a significância da pesquisa, foi utilizado o Teste T para amostra dependente. Assim, observou-se a eficácia da fisioterapia na melhora da qualidade de vida desses indivíduos, principalmente nos itens dor, vitalidade, aspectos sociais, aspecto físico, emocional e saúde mental. 
Atividade eletromiográfica durante exercícios de estabilização dinâmica do tronco
Authors: Araújo Paula Carneiro Silva de , Sá Kátia Nunes
Published: April 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi o de caracterizar a atividade muscular estabilizadora do reto, oblíquo e transverso abdominal nas diferentes posições do membro inferior em exercícios de fortalecimento abdominal. Participaram da pesquisa trinta indivíduos hígidos, sem história de distúrbios neuromusculares, ortopédicos ou cardiovasculares, com faixa etária de 21 a 27 anos (24,23 ± 1,92). Os participantes foram instruídos a realizar exercícios de estabilização dinâmica de tronco em três diferentes posições do membro inferior, nos quais a atividade elétrica dos músculos abdominais foi analisada utilizando-se o biofeedback de superfície no músculo reto abdominal e no oblíquo externo, além de biofeedback pressórico na região lombar, simultaneamente. Com os membros inferiores em flexão de quadril e joelho, com pés apoiados no solo, e flexão de quadril e joelho em 90º, sem apoio, foi observada a atividade similar da musculatura flexora de tronco, com aumento proporcional da atividade eletromiográfica, de acordo com o aumento do nível de dificuldade do exercício, sem alteração significativa da musculatura profunda. Porém, com os membros inferiores em flexão de quadril e joelho em 90º, apoiados em uma superfície, foi observada uma redução da atividade dos músculos reto abdominal e oblíquo externo, quando comparada com a de outros exercícios, com resultado eletromiográfico significativo do transverso abdominal. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que, no exercício com os membros inferiores em flexão de quadril e joelho, com  pés apoiados no solo, e flexão de quadril e joelho em 90º, sem apoio, existe um predomínio no recrutamento do sistema muscular global, enquanto que no exercício com os membros inferiores em flexão de quadril e joelho em 90º, apoiados em uma superfície, foi observada uma melhor atuação do sistema muscular local. 

 
Mucopolissacaridose tipo VI (Síndrome de Maroteaux Lamy): relato de caso
Authors: Dos Santos Aline Silva , Santos Neto Fernando Presídio dos , Silva Delson Arcanjo , Souza Delano Oliveira
Published: April 2018

Mucopolissacaridose VI (MPSVI), conhecida como Síndrome de Maroteaux-Lamy é uma doença hereditária, resultante da deficiência da enzima N-acetilgalactosamina-4-sulfatase, causando acúmulo do glicosaminoglicano Dermatan sulfato em todos os tecidos, resultando em alterações nos órgãos afetados.  O diagnóstico é obtido através de excreção aumentada de Dermatan sulfato na urina e demonstração  reduzida da enzima supracitada. O tratamento é realizado a fim de melhorar a qualidade de vida dos portadores, tratando as manifestações clínicas, ou através de transplante de medula óssea ou terapia de reposição enzimática. Esse estudo descreve o caso clínico de um paciente portador da MPS VI atendido no Ambulatório de Odontologia do Hospital Ana Neri, apresentando manifestações típicas faciais da doença.  
Ação do complexo enzimático da piruvato desidrogenase em células neoplásicas sob efeito do ácido Dicloroacético: uma revisão
Authors: Castro Ângelo Soares , Oliveira Ryane Silva , Rodrigues Elielson Souza , Ribas José Lázaro Lins
Published: April 2018

As células de um organismo multicelular podem deixar de realizar seu metabolismo normal e se comportar de maneira desordenada, originando tumores e, posteriormente, se desenvolver para um câncer. Otto Warburg identificou que células tumorais apresentavam preferência pela via glicolítica em detrimento da fosforilação oxidativa (efeito Warburg). Não realizando esta via metabólica, a apoptose pode não ocorrer e as células se multiplicarem sem controle. Uma alternativa para essa situação vem sendo proposta com mais intensidade desde o início deste século, é o uso do ácido dicloroacético (DCA) como quimioterápico mais eficiente e menos invasivo para as células sadias. Este composto restabelece o controle do complexo piruvato desidrogenase (PDC) que participa do processo apoptótico em células normais. O tratamento de diversos tipos de câncer pode ser viabilizado pelo DCA, uma vez que estudos que propõem a administração oral dessa substância. 
Fisioterapia aquática na doença de Marie-Charcot-Tooth
Authors: Maldaner Marina , Oliveira Suelen Wegher , Sachetti Amanda , Schiavinato Janaína Cardoso Costa , Gemelli Sheila De Oliveira
Published: April 2018

Introdução: A doença de Charcot - Marie Tooth (CMT), também chamada de neuropatia motora e sensorial hereditária, afeta os nervos periféricos, apresentando etiologia desconhecida, iniciando na primeira e segunda década de vida, sua incidência é de 1:2500 sendo mais freqüentes nos homens do que mulheres.  Dentre as abordagens terapêuticas empregadas no tratamento de indivíduos com doenças neuromusculares encontram-se a fisioterapia aquática e a cinesioterapia. Objetivos: Verificar os efeitos da fisioterapia aquática no tratamento da Doença de Marie Charcot Tooth em um adulto jovem do sexo masculino. Os atendimentos foram realizados três (3) vezes por semana no período de um (1) mês com duração de um (1) hora cada sessão. Analisou-se o nível de funcionalidade através da MIF (Medida de Independência Funcional), a força muscular pelo Isocinético, e o equilíbrio pela Escala de Tinetti, pré e pós intervenção. Resultados: Na MIF, observou-se uma piora no nível de funcionalidade banho-limpeza do corpo de 6,0%, porem uma melhora de 17,6% nos demais níveis de funcionalidade. Na Escala de Tinetti, houve uma melhora significativa de 17,4% e na dinamometria isocinética analisou-se uma diferença significativa em flexores e extensores, após a intervenção, no pico de torque nas duas velocidades realizadas de 60°/s e 300°/s. Conclusão: A fisioterapia aquática pode ser benéfica em pacientes com CMT, promovendo mais independência e qualidade de vida. 
Estudo sobre a ocorrência de micronúcleos e alterações nucleares em indivíduos com a Doença de Alzheimer
Authors: Lima Flora Bittencourt , Oliveira Joana América Santos , Espírito Santo Layla Damasceno , Moreira Lília Maria Azevedo
Published: April 2018

A doença de Alzheimer (DA) é uma doença neurodegenerativa progressiva, de etiologia complexa, caracterizada clinicamente pela perda de memória e de outras funções cognitivas. Avanços na genética molecular têm indicado a existência de genes que conferem susceptibilidade, sendo o fator genético considerado como preponderante na etiopatogenia da DA. O teste de micronúcleos pode fornecer evidências de danos genotóxicos, que podem estar associadas à manifestação da doença de Alzheimer. Realizou-se esta investigação com o objetivo de verificar a predisposição à formação de micronúcleos e alterações nucleares em indivíduos com DA, tendo em vista contribuir para o conhecimento deste mal, considerado a principal causa de demência entre idosos. Para isto foram amostrados dez indivíduos afetados pela DA comparados a controles do mesmo sexo e faixa etária, e não portadores da doença.  O teste de micronúcleo e alterações nucleares foi realizado em células esfoliadas da mucosa oral, com análise de 3000 células por indivíduo. Os dados foram tabulados e submetidos à análise estatística com a utilização do programa Graphpad. Foram observados micronúcleos em taxas não significativas e numero elevado de células em cariólise e cariorréxis, alterações nucleares associadas a fenômenos apoptóticos. A frequência alta destas alterações está de acordo com um epitélio envelhecido e pode ser um indicativo no estudo citopatológico da doença de Alzheimer.
Terapia com células-tronco em Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: De Oliveira Andrade Luis Jesuino , Santana de Melo Paulo Robero , Santos França Larissa , Vinhaes Bittencourt Alcina Maria
Published: April 2018

  Normal 0   21   false false false  PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE              MicrosoftInternetExplorer4              Células-tronco (CT) são células indiferenciadas altamente especializadas, com capacidade de se renovar, encontrada em diferentes tecidos ou órgãos. O uso de CT em medicina regenerativa é uma grande promessa para a cura de muitas doenças, incluindo o diabetes mellitus (DM). Cerca de 6% da população mundial é afetada de DM e a regeneração das células beta através do uso de CT e células progenitoras é um método atrativo para o seu tratamento. Usando CT como uma nova fonte de células-beta abriu-se várias possibilidades para o desenvolvimento de novos tratamentos para o DM. As principais fontes para a produção de células insulina-produtoras são as CT embrionárias e as CT pluripotentes induzidas, além da estimulação da proliferação de células-beta, reprogramação genética e transdiferenciação de células que são as grandes promessas na terapia celular personalizada para o DM, gerando células-beta específicas para cada paciente. Neste artigo são revisadas as CT como um potencial alvo terapêutico para o tratamento do DM.
Fomento à ciência, à tecnologia e à inovação (C,T&I) como política de Estado no Brasil
Authors: Boery Eduardo Nagib
Published: April 2018

Fomento à ciência, à tecnologia e à inovação (C,T&I) como política de Estado no Brasil.
Biomateriais com aplicação na regeneração óssea – método de análise e perspectivas futuras
Authors: Oliveira Luciana Soares de Andrade Freitas , Oliveira Conceição Silva , Machado Ana Paula Lobo , Rosa Fabiana Paim
Published: April 2018

A bioengenharia tecidual visa criar e aprimorar novas terapias e/ou desenvolver novos biomateriais que restaurem, melhorem ou impeçam o agravamento da função tecidual comprometida. Essa especialidade possui diversas aplicações, como, por exemplo, em situações com grande perda de integridade tecidual resultante de traumas, deformidades do desenvolvimento e doenças. Na perda ou comprometimento do tecido ósseo, vários biomateriais naturais ou sintéticos, como polímeros, cerâmicas e metais ou seus compósitos tem sido investigados e utilizados de diferentes maneiras, como uma alternativa aos enxertos ósseos. Para comprovar a eficácia destes biomateriais, testes in vivo podem ser realizados, e uma forma adequada de se avaliar os componentes celulares envolvidos na regeneração tecidual é a análise de biópsias através da microscopia eletrônica. 

O objetivo deste trabalho é, portanto, realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre os principais biomateriais utilizados na regeneração óssea, a contribuição da microscopia eletrônica e perspectivas futuras.
Glicocorticoides e osteoporose – artigo de revisão
Authors: Souza Mady Crusoé de , Assemany Faez Sobral , Lima Ana Tereza Cerqueira , Souza Rodrigo Fernandes
Published: April 2018

A osteoporose caracteriza-se como uma patologia de redução da densidade óssea mediada por maior atividade dos osteoclastos e diminuição ou alterações nas funções dos osteoblastos e osteócitos, comprometendo a homeostasia do tecido ósseo e favorecendo o risco de fraturas. Altas doses de glicocorticoides em conjunto ao seu uso prolongado no tratamento de diversas patologias, por sua ação antiinflamatória, induzirão a ocorrência da osteoporose secundária, ou osteoporose induzida por glicocorticoides. Métodos diagnósticos de imagem, a exemplo dos radiológicos, e métodos de diagnóstico laboratoriais, como os bioquímicos e hormonais, são ferramentas no acompanhamento e prevenção da terapêutica com glicocorticoides, visando atenuar os efeitos catabólicos desta patologia. A terapia com vitamina D associada ao cálcio tem apresentado bons resultados no tratamento da osteoporose induzida por glicocorticoides, por diminuir a reabsorção e aumentar a formação ósseas. Bifosfanatos tem apresentado maior efeito na inibição do processo de reabsorção óssea do que a vitamina D, porém, ambos devem ser ministrados juntamente com a suplementação de cálcio. Calcitonina, estrógenos e flúor são paliativos no tratamento.
Desenvolvimento de placas de ateroma em pacientes diabéticos e hipertensos
Authors: Carvalho Ana Clara Alves de , Oliveira Luciana Soares de Andrade Freitas , Melo Daniela Pita de , Crusoé- Rebello Ieda , Campos Paulo Sérgio Flores
Published: April 2018

As placas de ateroma são manifestações da aterosclerose caracterizadas pelo acúmulo focal de lipídios, hidratos de carbono, sangue e produtos sanguíneos, tecido fibroso e depósito de cálcio na camada íntima da artéria. Teorias que justificam o desenvolvimento da placa de ateroma atribuem a sua formação a uma resposta inflamatória crônica da parede arterial iniciada por lesão no endotélio. Inúmeros fatores predispõem o desenvolvimento da placa de ateroma, incluindo o avanço da idade, hipercolesterolemia, tabagismo, obesidade, radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço, herança genética, sedentarismo, estresse, além da hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus. A hipertensão, assim como a diabetes mellitus, danifica o revestimento das artérias e acelera o desenvolvimento de ateroma, ao promover inúmeras disfunções arteriais, o que representa um risco aumentado para doenças cardiovasculares.
A psicanálise da criança – um estudo de caso
Authors: Motta Claudia Dos Reis , Silva Luciana Rodrigues , Castro Hélio De
Published: April 2018

Este artigo aborda questões emergentes na psicanálise da criança. A criança apresenta sintomas que, em geral, denotam aspectos inconscientes do casal, da mãe ou do pai. A sexualidade infantil inconsciente dos pais, as resistências e as transferências da criança e dos pais envolvidos no processo, assim como a resistência do analista são fatores a serem analisados e trabalhados. Fragmentos de um caso clínico bem sucedido, de uma criança de cinco anos de idade, que traz como queixa principal a constipação intestinal funcional, assim como questões em torno deste sintoma, são apresentados neste artigo. Jogos, desenhos e a modelagem são instrumentos mediadores que facilitam a expressão da criança nas sessões de análise.
Dewey in the World of Experiential Education
Authors: Beard Colin
Published: April 2018

This chapter considers whether John Dewey's writings about experiential education are relevant to modern‐day conceptions of adult experiential learning. It highlights how some of the threads of Dewey's thinking are still pertinent, but much more complex.
Liquid biopsy: a new source of candidate biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Mendioroz Maite , Martínez‐Merino Leyre , Blanco‐Luquin Idoia , Urdánoz Amaya , Roldán Miren , Jericó Ivonne
Published: April 2018

Noninvasive tests to diagnose and monitor the progression of neurodegenerative disorders have been a challenge for decades. The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of applying liquid biopsy procedures to patients with a neurodegenerative disease such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We isolated plasma cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) in 20 ALS patients and 20 controls and used cfDNA to identify a novel differentially methylated mark in RHBDF2 gene in ALS patients compared to controls. Our findings support the notion that liquid biopsy may be applied to living patients as a source of potential epigenetic biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders.
Probability and conspiratorial thinking
Authors: Kovic Marko , Füchslin Tobias
Published: April 2018

Conspiracy theories as alternative explanations for events and states of affairs enjoy widespread popularity. We test one possible explanation for why people are prone to conspiratorial thinking: We hypothesize that conspiratorial thinking as an explanation for events increases as the probability of those events decreases. In order to test this hypothesis, we have conducted five experiments in which participants were exposed to different information about probabilities of fictional events. The results of all experiments support the hypothesis: The lower the probability of an event, the stronger participants embrace conspiratorial explanations. Conspiratorial thinking, we conclude, potentially represents a cognitive heuristic: A coping mechanism for uncertainty.
Quasi‐2D Inorganic CsPbBr3 Perovskite for Efficient and Stable Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Shang Yuequn , Li Gang , Liu Weimin , Ning Zhijun
Published: April 2018

Metal halide perovskites are rising as a competitive material for next‐generation light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the development of perovskite LEDs is impeded by their fast carriers diffusion and poor stability in bias condition. Herein, quasi‐2D CsPbBr3 quantum wells homogeneously surrounded by inorganic crystalline Cs4PbBr6 of large bandgap are grown. The centralization of carriers in nanoregion facilitates radiative recombination and brings much enhanced luminescence quantum yield. The external quantum efficiency and luminescence intensity of the LEDs based on this nanocomposite are one order of magnitude higher than the conventional low‐dimensional perovskite. Meanwhile, the use of inorganic nanocomposite materials brings much improved device operation lifetime under constant electrical field.
High Electrical Conductivity of Single Metal–Organic Chains
Authors: Ares Pablo , Amo‐Ochoa Pilar , Soler José M. , Palacios Juan José , Gómez‐Herrero Julio , Zamora Félix
Published: April 2018

Molecular wires are essential components for future nanoscale electronics. However, the preparation of individual long conductive molecules is still a challenge. MMX metal–organic polymers are quasi‐1D sequences of single halide atoms (X) bridging subunits with two metal ions (MM) connected by organic ligands. They are excellent electrical conductors as bulk macroscopic crystals and as nanoribbons. However, according to theoretical calculations, the electrical conductance found in the experiments should be even higher. Here, a novel and simple drop‐casting procedure to isolate bundles of few to single MMX chains is demonstrated. Furthermore, an exponential dependence of the electrical resistance of one or two MMX chains as a function of their length that does not agree with predictions based on their theoretical band structure is reported. This dependence is attributed to strong Anderson localization originated by structural defects. Theoretical modeling confirms that the current is limited by structural defects, mainly vacancies of iodine atoms, through which the current is constrained to flow. Nevertheless, measurable electrical transport along distances beyond 250 nm surpasses that of all other molecular wires reported so far. This work places in perspective the role of defects in 1D wires and their importance for molecular electronics.
Application of the CRISPR/Cas9 System to Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer
Authors: Chen Yinnan , Zhang Yanmin
Published: April 2018

Clinical evidence indicates that drug resistance is a great obstacle in breast cancer therapy. It renders the disease uncontrollable and causes high mortality. Multiple mechanisms contribute to the development of drug resistance, but the underlying cause is usually a shift in the genetic composition of tumor cells. It is increasingly feasible to engineer the genome with the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/associated (Cas)9 technology recently developed, which might be advantageous in overcoming drug resistance. This article discusses how the CRISPR/Cas9 system might revert resistance gene mutations and identify potential resistance targets in drug‐resistant breast cancer. In addition, the challenges that impede the clinical applicability of this technology and highlight the CRISPR/Cas9 systems are presented. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is poised to play an important role in preventing drug resistance in breast cancer therapy and will become an essential tool for personalized medicine.
Triazatruxene: A Rigid Central Donor Unit for a D–A3 Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Material Exhibiting Sub‐Microsecond Reverse Intersystem Crossing and Unity Quantum Yield via Multiple Singlet–Triplet State Pairs
Authors: dos Santos Paloma L. , Ward Jonathan S. , Congrave Daniel G. , Batsanov Andrei S. , Eng Julien , Stacey Jessica E. , Penfold Thomas J. , Monkman Andrew P. , Bryce Martin R.
Published: April 2018

By inverting the common structural motif of thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials to a rigid donor core and multiple peripheral acceptors, reverse intersystem crossing (rISC) rates are demonstrated in an organic material that enables utilization of triplet excited states at faster rates than Ir‐based phosphorescent materials. A combination of the inverted structure and multiple donor–acceptor interactions yields up to 30 vibronically coupled singlet and triplet states within 0.2 eV that are involved in rISC. This gives a significant enhancement to the rISC rate, leading to delayed fluorescence decay times as low as 103.9 ns. This new material also has an emission quantum yield ≈1 and a very small singlet–triplet gap. This work shows that it is possible to achieve both high photoluminescence quantum yield and fast rISC in the same molecule. Green organic light‐emitting diode devices with external quantum efficiency >30% are demonstrated at 76 cd m−2.
Time to plateau as a predictor of survival in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Mellors Patrick W. , Binder Moritz , Buadi Francis K. , Lacy Martha Q. , Gertz Morie A. , Dispenzieri Angela , Hayman Suzanne R. , Kapoor Prashant , Gonsalves Wilson I. , Hwa Yi L. , Fonder Amie , Hobbs Miriam , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Warsame Rahma , Zeldenrust Steven R. , Lust John A. , Leung Nelson , Go Ronald S. , Kyle Robert A. , Vincent Rajkumar S. , Kumar Shaji K.
Published: April 2018

Response rates in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma have improved dramatically with the introduction of highly effective novel therapies. However, survival in patients achieving optimal responses to initial treatment can vary significantly, and new prognostic indicators are required to improve risk stratification. We investigated the relationship between time to plateau (TPlat) and survival in 1099 newly diagnosed patients treated with novel agents at our institution from 2005 to 2015.TPlatwas defined as time from initiation of first‐line therapy to best response to first‐line therapy. The medianTPlatwas 4.9 months (0.7‐58.6) and plateau duration was 1.8 years (0.2‐11.0). Patients who required > 120 days to achieve a plateau had longer modified overall survival (mOS) and progression free survival (mPFS) calculated from a landmark of best response (P < .001 for both comparisons). Statistically significant improvement in mOS was retained in subgroup analysis based on age and whether patients received upfront autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) (P < .001 for all comparisons). Our results suggest that patients who respond more gradually to initial therapy (TPlat > 120 days) experience longer survival compared to more rapid responders. Patients with a prolongedTPlatcould represent an “ongoing responder” phenotype that portends a survival advantage independent of treatment with upfront ASCT, depth of response, and biologic markers such as ISS stage and cytogenetic risk.
The changing face of adult posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder: Changes in histology between 1999 and 2013
Authors: Tsai Donald E. , Bagley Stephen , Reshef Ran , Shaked Abraham , Bloom Roy D. , Ahya Vivek , Goldberg Lee , Chung Albert , Debonera Fotini , Schuster Stephen J. , Huntington Scott F.
Published: April 2018

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) typically presents with either polymorphic or monomorphic histology. While both are the end result of immunosuppressive therapies, their origins are felt to be different with different prognoses and responsiveness to therapy, resulting in 2 different malignancies. We attempted to confirm reports suggesting that the relative frequency of these 2 histologies is shifting over time. We analyzed 3040 adult PTLD cases in the UNOS OPTN database from 1999 to 2013. Changes in PTLD cases over time were analyzed for histology, time from transplant to diagnosis, and patient EBV serostatus. We found that the relative proportion of polymorphic versus monomorphic histology has changed with an increase in the proportion of monomorphic cases with time (1999‐2003, 54.9% vs. 45.1%; 2004‐2008, 58.3% vs. 41.7%; 2009‐2013, 69.7% vs. 30.3%; P = <.001). The change is driven by a gradual increase in the number of monomorphic PTLD with a steady number of polymorphic PTLD. The change is most strongly seen in transplant recipients who were EBV serostatus positive at the time of transplant. Potential causes are changes in immunosuppressive regimens with increased tacrolimus use (P = .009) and increased survival among transplant patients leading to later occurrence of PTLD (P = .001) that have occurred during the time frame analyzed. As organ transplantation has evolved over time, PTLD has coevolved. These changes in histology have important implications regarding the origin and clinical management of PTLD.
“Respect for each gender”: Gender, equity and backlash in Australia's male health policy
Authors: Seymour Kate
Published: April 2018

Australia is one of the few countries which has specific health policies for boys/men and girls/women as distinct groups. In this article I present an analysis of the discourses of gender, equity and disadvantage drawn upon in Australia's men's health policy. Through comparison with the women's health policy, I show that a dual focus on the essential differences between men and women and the ways in which the health system has failed men contribute to an adversarial gender politics, positioning men and women as rivals with competing needs. Reflecting broader debates concerning the negative impact of societal change on boys/men, I argue that, in its current form, Australia's health policy both taps into and, crucially, legitimises backlash politics, enabling it to ‘pass’ as sound public policy.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Insertion of Isocyanides into the C−S Bonds of Heteroaryl Sulfides
Authors: Otsuka Shinya , Nogi Keisuke , Yorimitsu Hideki
Published: April 2018

Insertion of tert‐butyl isocyanide into the C(sp2)−S bonds of heteroaryl sulfides is catalyzed by a palladium diphosphine complex. Thioimidates generated through this reaction could be readily hydrolyzed under acidic conditions to yield the corresponding thioesters, which are of synthetic use. This insertion is useful because starting heteroaryl sulfides were readily prepared by either conventional ways or through sulfur‐specific extended Pummerer reactions.
A General, Activator‐Free Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Arylacetic and Benzoic Acids from Formic Acid
Authors: Wang Lin , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias
Published: April 2018

A new catalyst for the carboxylative synthesis of arylacetic and benzoic acids using formic acid (HCOOH) as the CO surrogate was developed. In an improvement over previous work, CO is generated in situ without the need for any additional activators. Key to success was the use of a specific system consisting of palladium acetate and 1,2‐bis((tert‐butyl(2‐pyridinyl)phosphinyl)methyl)benzene. The generality of this method is demonstrated by the synthesis of more than 30 carboxylic acids, including non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), under mild conditions in good yields.
Photomechanically Induced Magnetic Field Response by Controlling Molecular Orientation in 9‐Methylanthracene Microcrystals
Authors: Tong Fei , Xu Wenjing , Al‐Haidar Maram , Kitagawa Daichi , Al‐Kaysi Rabih O. , Bardeen Christopher J.
Published: April 2018

A surfactant‐assisted seeded‐growth method is used to form single‐crystal platelets composed of 9‐methylanthracene with two different internal molecular orientations. The more stable form exhibits a photoinduced twisting, as observed previously for 9‐methylanthracene microribbons grown by the floating drop method. However, the newly discovered elongated hexagonal platelets undergo a photoinduced rolling‐up and unrolling. The ability of the rolled‐up cylindrical shape to trap superparamagnetic nanoparticles enables it to be carried along in a magnetic field gradient. The new photoinduced shape change, made possible by a novel surfactant‐assisted crystal growth method, opens up the possibility of using light to modulate the crystal translational motion.
Flame retardancy for cotton cellulose treated withH3PO3
Authors: Lee Hong Chan , Lee Shichoon
Published: April 2018

The flame retardancy of cotton fabrics has been improved with treatment of phosphorous aqueous solution. In this study, cotton cellulose is treated with simple treatment and benign chemicals including an aqueous H3PO3solution dipping and heat annealing. The flame retardancy of the H3PO3treated cotton fabrics is enhanced to the degree that it is non‐flammable. Thermogravimetric analysis results show that the residue increased up to about 50% at 800 °C by the treatment. Scanning electron microscopy exhibit some disconnection of fibers and the fibers are fragile. X‐ray diffractometry reveal little damage to the crystalline structure of cellulose. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy show some portion of the added H3PO3reacted with cellulose components to be phosphorylated and dehydrated. The resulting data and analysis demonstrate that these dehydrated and phosphorylated moieties formed by treatment of phosphorous solution help accelerate the formation of char components, resulting in improved flame retardancy of cellulose materials. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 46497.
Synthesis and performance measurement of environment‐friendly solidified dust suppressant for open pit coalmine
Authors: Zhang Haihan , Nie Wen , Liu Yanghao , Wang Hongkun , Jin Hu , Bao Qiu
Published: April 2018

In this work, a new type of environment‐friendly solidified dust suppressant was developed to solve the dust pollution problem in open pit coalmines, coal bunkers, and so on. Natural polymer chitosan with excellent properties was chemically modified. Infrared spectroscopy was adopted to characterize the product. Using substitution rate as the evaluating indicator, the optimized mass ratio between monomer 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and chitosan, reaction temperature, reaction time, and pH were determined via single factor experiments. Combining the results of the four‐factor‐four‐level orthogonal experiment, the optimum reaction conditions A2B3C4D3 were obtained. The hardened film on the surface of coal powders was observed by high‐resolution scanning electron microscope. In addition, the water retention, solidification performance, and wind erosion resistance of the dust suppressant, as well as its influence on coal properties were measured. The results show that the synthesized dust suppressant demonstrates excellent properties and has good dust suppression effect. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46505.
Copolymers of poly(arylene sulfide sulfone)/poly(ether sulfone): Synthesis, structure, and rheology properties
Authors: Yan Guang‐Ming , Hu Quan , Zhang Gang , Ren Hao‐Hao , Lu Jie‐Hong , Yang Jie
Published: April 2018

In order to overcome the poor flowability of poly(arylene sulfide sulfone) (PASS), we introduced ether bonds into the polymer main chain. A series poly(arylene ether sulfide sulfone) copolymers (PAESS) containing different proportion of ether bonds were synthesized with 4,4′‐dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS), sodium sulfide (Na2S·xH2O), and 4,4′‐dihydroxydiphenyl ether (DHDPE). The copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and rheometer. The results of FTIR and 1H‐NMR indicate the copolymers are synthesized successfully. PAESS were found to have excellent thermal properties with glass transition temperature (Tg) of 175.7–219.1 °C and 5% weight lost temperature were all above 420 °C. The tensile and DMA test indicates that these resultant copolymers have good mechanical properties with tensile strength of 60 MPa and storage modulus of 1.5 GPa. From the results of rheology properties testing, we found that the melt stability and melt flowability of PASS were improved distinctly from 25,470 Pa s down to 355 Pa s with the incorporation of ether bonds. That will be quite beneficial to the processing of PASS, especially for the thermoforming of precision products. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46534.
Employment of ultrasonic waves for the preparation of PVA/TiO2‐BSA nanocomposites: Mechanical, thermal, and optical properties
Authors: Mallakpour Shadpour , Shamsaddinimotlagh Sima
Published: April 2018

The goal of this project is to obtain poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/TiO2‐bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanocomposite (NC) films in different weight percentages of modified TiO2. For this purpose, to prevent the accumulation of nanoparticles (NPs) in the PVA matrix, the surface of the TiO2 NPs was treated with the BSA molecules. To achieve this aim, ultrasonic waves were used as an environmentally friendly and green process that decrease the time of reactions, help better spreading of TiO2 NPs and maintain dimensions of TiO2 NPs in the nanoscale range. In the end, the features of the PVA/TiO2‐BSA NC films were considered with a variety of techniques. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray, and X‐ray diffraction showed that the BSA was well placed on the surface of TiO2 NPs. The thermal gravimetric analysis and UV‐visible results demonstrated that all the PVA/TiO2‐BSA NC films have better thermal and optical properties than the pure PVA. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46558.
The Cochlear Spiral Ganglion Neurons: The Auditory Portion of the VIII Nerve
Authors: Carricondo Francisco , Romero‐Gómez Bárbara
Published: April 2018

The VIII nerve is formed by sensory neurons that innervate the inner ear, i.e., the vestibular and the auditory receptors. Neurons of the auditory portion, the cochlear afferent fibers that innervate the sensory hair cells of the organ of Corti, have their somas in the cochlear spiral ganglion where two types of neurons can be distinguished. Afferent Type‐I neurons are the 95% of the total population. Bipolar and myelinated fibers, each one innervates only one cochlear inner hair cell (IHC). In contrast, afferent Type‐II neurons are only the 5% of the spiral ganglion population. They are pseudounipolar and unmyelinated fibers and innervate the cochlear outer hair cells (OHC) so that one afferent Type‐II fiber contacts with multiple OHCs, but each OHC only receives one contact from one Type‐II neuron. Both types of VIII nerve fibers are glutamatergic, but these asymmetric innervations of the cochlear sensory cells could suggest that the IHC codifies the truly auditory message but the OHC only informs about mechanical aspects of the state of the organ of Corti. In fact, the central nervous system (CNS) has control over the information transmitted by the Type‐I neuron by means of axons from the superior olivary complex that innervate them to modulate, filter and/or inhibit the entry of auditory message to CNS. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge about the anatomy and physiology of the auditory portion of the VIII nerve. Anat Rec, 302:463–471, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cranial Pair I: The Olfactory Nerve
Authors: Crespo Carlos , Liberia Teresa , Blasco‐Ibáñez José Miguel , Nácher Juan , Varea Emilio
Published: April 2018

The olfactory nerve constitutes the first cranial pair. Compared with other cranial nerves, it depicts some atypical features. First, the olfactory nerve does not form a unique bundle. The olfactory axons join other axons and form several small bundles or fascicles: the fila olfactoria. These fascicles leave the nasal cavity, pass through the lamina cribrosa of the ethmoid bone and enter the brain. The whole of these fascicles is what is known as the olfactory nerve. Second, the olfactory sensory neurons, whose axons integrate the olfactory nerve, connect the nasal cavity and the brain without any relay. Third, the olfactory nerve is composed by unmyelinated axons. Fourth, the olfactory nerve contains neither Schwann cells nor oligodendrocytes wrapping its axons. But it contains olfactory ensheathing glia, which is a type of glia unique to this nerve. Fifth, the olfactory axons participate in the circuitry of certain spherical structures of neuropil that are unique in the brain: the olfactory glomeruli. Sixth, the axons of the olfactory nerve are continuously replaced and their connections in the central nervous system are remodeled continuously. Therefore, the olfactory nerve is subject to lifelong plasticity. Finally seventh, the olfactory nerve can be a gateway for the direct entrance of viruses, neurotoxins and other xenobiotics to the brain. In the same way, it can be used as a portal of entry to the brain for therapeutic substances, bypassing the blood‐brain barrier. In this article, we analyze some features of the anatomy and physiology of the first cranial pair. Anat Rec, 302:405–427, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Human Laryngeal Innervation Revisited—The Role of the Neural Connections
Authors: Martín‐Oviedo Carlos , Maranillo Eva , Sañudo José Ramón , Pérez‐Lloret Pilar , Verdú Enrique , Martínez‐Guirado Tomas , Álvarez‐Montero Oscar , Gómez Martín‐Zarco Jose Manuel , Vázquez Teresa
Published: April 2018

In spite that vascular inconvenients or immunological rejections have been solved in relation with larynx transplant, a successful functional reinnervation has not been achieved. Some studies have suggested that laryngeal nerve connection may contain motor fibers, which could explain unexpected evoked responses in electromyographic studies or the different positions adopted of the vocal folds after similar nerve lesions. Ten patients with unexpected evoked responses after laryngeal nerve stimulation were selected. All the patients underwent a total laryngectomy due to oncological causes. In every case, laryngeal nerve connections were observed. All of them were morphologic and histologic processed for choline‐acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry. The presence of motor axons in the nerve connections has been demonstrated, which would explain that the motor innervation to the laryngeal muscles could be dual through these variable connections. This also would justify the difficulty of carrying out laryngeal nerve reinnervation procedures. Anat Rec, 302:646–651, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neurovascular Relations of the Trigeminal Nerve in Asymptomatic Individuals Studied with High‐Resolution Three‐Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Ruiz‐Juretschke Fernando , González‐Quarante LaíN H. , García‐Leal Roberto , Martínez de Vega Vicente
Published: April 2018

Neurovascular compression (NVC) is considered the main cause of classic trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and may be surgically addressed with microvascular decompression (MVD). Preoperative high‐resolution three‐dimensional magnetic resonance has proven a reliable tool to diagnose NVC in patients with refractory TN undergoing MVD. However, there is still scarce data regarding the rate, degree, and characteristics of neurovascular compression in asymptomatic individuals. This article describes the vascular relations of the trigeminal nerve in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) in 100 subjects without known TN studied with 3.0T FIESTA (Fast Imaging Employing Steady‐state Acquisition) MRI sequence. A NVC was observed in 142 (71%) of the 200 nerves with a 75% rate of bilateral NVC. Of the nerves with NVC, 92.3% showed a mere contact (Grade 1) without distortion and 78% occurred at the cisternal segment. This most common vessel causing the NVC was a vein (66%) followed by the superior cerebellar artery (28%). No significant reduction in diameter suggesting atrophy was seen in the nerves with NVC. The results indicate a high rate of mild, distal and predominantly venous vascular contact with the trigeminal nerve at the CPA in asymptomatic individuals. This clearly contrasts with the usual pattern of NVC observed in TN that is generally a severe, proximal, and arterial compression. Knowledge about the frequent NVC in asymptomatic individuals and its features is essential for interpreting preoperative MRI in patients with refractory classical TN considered for surgery. Anat Rec, 302:639–645, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermisch‐energetische Gebäudesimulation auf Basis eines Bauwerksinformationsmodells
Authors: Benz Alexander , Taraben Jakob , Lichtenheld Thomas , Morgenthal Guido , Völker Conrad
Published: April 2018

Für eine Abschätzung des Heizwärmebedarfs von Gebäuden und Quartieren können thermisch‐energetische Simulationen eingesetzt werden. Grundlage dieser Simulationen sind geometrische und physikalische Gebäudemodelle. Die Erstellung des geometrischen Modells erfolgt in der Regel auf Basis von Bauplänen oder Vor‐Ort‐Begehungen, was mit einem großen Recherche‐ und Modellierungsaufwand verbunden ist. Spätere bauliche Veränderungen des Gebäudes müssen häufig manuell in das Modell eingearbeitet werden, was den Arbeitsaufwand zusätzlich erhöht. Das physikalische Modell stellt die Menge an Parametern und Randbedingungen dar, welche durch Materialeigenschaften, Lage und Umgebungseinflüsse gegeben sind. Die Verknüpfung beider Modelle wird innerhalb der entsprechenden Simulationssoftware realisiert und ist meist nicht in andere Softwareprodukte überführbar. Mithilfe des Building Information Modeling (BIM) können Simulationsdaten sowohl konsistent gespeichert als auch über Schnittstellen mit entsprechenden Anwendungen ausgetauscht werden. Hierfür wird eine Methode vorgestellt, die thermisch‐energetische Simulationen auf Basis des standardisierten Übergabeformats Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) inklusive anschließender Auswertungen ermöglicht. Dabei werden geometrische und physikalische Parameter direkt aus einem über den gesamten Lebenszyklus aktuellen Gebäudemodell extrahiert und an die Simulation übergeben. Dies beschleunigt den Simulationsprozess hinsichtlich der Gebäudemodellierung und nach späteren baulichen Veränderungen. Die erarbeitete Methode beruht hierbei auf einfachen Modellierungskonventionen bei der Erstellung des Bauwerksinformationsmodells und stellt eine vollständige Übertragbarkeit der Eingangs‐ und Ausgangswerte sicher.
1,2,3‐Triazole Tagged 3H‐Pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐6‐carboxylate Derivatives: Synthesis, in Vitro Cytotoxicity, Molecular Docking and DNA Interaction Studies
Authors: Boda Sathish Kumar , Pishka Vasantha , Lakshmi P. V. Anantha , Chinde Srinivas , Grover Paramjit
Published: April 2018

A series of novel ethyl 2,7‐dimethyl‐4‐oxo‐3‐[(1‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl]‐4,5‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐6‐carboxylate derivatives 7a – 7m were efficiently synthesized employing click chemistry approach and evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activity against four tumor cell lines: A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma cell line), HepG2 (human hematoma), MCF‐7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), and SKOV3 (human ovarian carcinoma cell line). Among the compounds tested, the compounds 7a, 7b, 7f, 7l, and 7m have shown potential and selective activity against human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) with IC50 ranging from 0.69 to 6.74 μm. Molecular docking studies revealed that the compounds 7a, 7b, 7f, 7l, and 7m are potent inhibitors of human DNA topoisomerase‐II and also showed compliance with stranded parameters of drug likeness. The calculated binding constants, kb, from UV/VIS absorptional binding studies of 7a and 7l with CT‐DNA were 10.77 × 104, 6.48 × 104, respectively. Viscosity measurements revealed that the binding could be surface binding mainly due to groove binding. DNA cleavage study showed that 7a and 7l have the potential to cleave pBR322 plasmid DNA without any external agents.