bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case Study of Bank Accounting Practices on Reserves for Impairment of Credit Deduction
Authors: Shonhadji Nanang
Published: March 2018

The objectivity of the customers' feasibility is biased with the interest of the targeted credit that they are assigned to achieve. In addition, it remains an obstacle forsmall and medium class banks to be dependant on the long historical credit data of each customer to determine the credit-value loss (CKPN). Â This study uses a method of a qualitative case study with structured stages for determining the formation of credit-value loss (CKPN) with creditrisk+ model. The purpose of this study is to reveal the accounting practice of establishing CKPN with creditrisk+ model. The results show that the ATMR method caused BPR banks to provide a very large recovery fund when compared with CreditRisk+ method. Other findings reveal that the approach of ATMR is not maximized in producing accurate measure of credit risk and in accordance with the actual condition. This study contributes to providing an alternative to the determination of CKPN in addition to using ATMR and roll rate analysis model by the banks. For the regulators and professional organizations of the Indonesian Institute of Accountants, they can use it as sources of information to evaluate the application of PSAK 55, especially in determining the CKPN.Â
Athletics in Ağrı: The history and its place in Turkish sports
Ağrı’da atletizm: Tarihi ve Türk sporundaki yeri
Authors: Bayram Metin , Çınar Orhan
Published: March 2018

Today, sport is a phenomenon that almost everyone deals with. Athletics is the oldest sport of history and accepted as the base of all other sports. By establishing Turkish Republic athletics has continually grown up in our country, and it has been become locus of interest of a large number of people both dealing actively and following by.The purposes of this article are to share knowledge about the history of athletics in Ağrı province, to take attention to the importance and place of the contributions of this province in Turkish sport, and finally to make suggestions on improving athletics for this province.There is no written source containing detailed information about the history of athletics in Ağrı. We obtained the data by interviews with athletes, managers and workers.Athletics has been the most influential branch of sports and almost become a passion in Ağrı from 1930s to now. Almost everyone from 7 to 70 has great interest in athletics in Ağrı. The province has had very significant success at athletics and it has been a special region that caused athletics to gain successful sportsmen/sportswomen both nationally and internationally up to now.In brief we recommend that scientific methods should be used in detection and training of athletes and collaboration of institutions and organizations is needed to improve athletics in the province.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetSpor, bugün hemen herkesi ilgilendiren bir fenomendir. Atletizm ise dünyanın en kadim sporu ve diğer tüm sporların temeli olarak kabul edilmektedir. Türkiye’de Cumhuriyet Döneminden sonra gelişen atletizm, bir yandan bireylerin aktif olarak yaptığı diğer taraftan toplumun büyük bir kesimi tarafında ilgiyle izlediği bir spordur.Bu çalışmanın amacı Ağrı’da atletizm tarihi hakkında bilgi vermek, Ağrı’nın atletizme yaptığı katkıların Türk sporundaki yeri ve önemine dikkat çekmek ve ayrıca Ağrı’da atletizm sporunun daha ileriye götürülmesi hususunda öneriler sunmaktır.Ağrı’da atletizm tarihi ile ilgili olarak detaylı bilgi içeren yazılı kaynağa rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışmadaki bilgiler mülakat tekniği ile elde edilmiştir. Çeşitli dönemlerde spor yöneticiliği yapan şahıslar, sporcular ve çalışanlar veri kaynağını oluşturmuşlardır.Ağrı'da atletizm 1930’lu yıllardan günümüze gelinceye kadar en etkili spor dalı olmuş ve neredeyse bir tutku haline dönüşmüştür. Yediden yetmişe hemen herkes Ağrı'da atletizme büyük bir ilgi duymaktadır. Gerek ulusal gerekse uluslararası düzeyde Ağrı ili atletimde önemli başarılara imza atmış ve çok önemli sporcular yetiştirmiştir.Bölgede atletizmin ilerlemesi için sporcu tespiti ve yetiştirilmesinde bilimsel yöntemler kullanılmalı, kurum ve kuruluşlar arasında işbirliği sağlanmalıdır.
Cryptosporidium sebagai Indikator Biologi dan Indeks Nsf-Wqi untuk Mengevaluasi Kualitas Air (Studi Kasus: Hulu Sungai Citarum, Kabupaten Bandung)
Authors: Nufutomo Tastaptyani Kurnia , Muntalif Barti Setiani
Published: March 2018

Kualitas air yang menurun di Hulu Sungai Citarum dapat disebabkan oleh banyak faktor. Faktor-faktor tersebut dapat diketahui dari parameter fisika, kimia dan biologi. Parameter biologi yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas air adalah  mikroorganisme patogen yang menimbulkan penyakit di sistem pencernaan seperti diare akut, yaitu Coliform dan Cryptosporidium. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui status kualitas air di Hulu Sungai Citarum dengan indeks kualitas air NSF-WQI, mengetahui hubungan dan pengaruh parameter fisik dan kimia air terhadap parameter biologi, menentukan faktor utama dari parameter air yang paling berpengaruh dan mengetahui hubungan serta pengaruh faktor utama tersebut terhadap Cryptosporidium. Metode yang digunakan adalah  mengambil sampel di tiap stasiun dengan composite, mengidentifikasi dan analisis Coliform dengan MPN dan identifikasi Crytosporidium dengan Ziehl Neelsen staining, kemudian menganalisis parameter kimia dan fisika dengan indeks NSF-WQI, lalu data tersebut diolah menggunakan metode statistik PCA. Hasil pengukuran kualitas air berdasarkan NSF-WQI adalah kualitas air di Hulu Sungai Citarum termasuk kategori buruk dan medium. Keberadaan Cryptosporidium di Hulu Sungai Citarum disebabkan oleh 2 (dua) faktor utama, yaitu faktor pertama terdiri dari DO, turbiditas, NO2, NH4 dan total Colifom, sedangkan faktor kedua terdiri dari TSS, COD dan PO4. Kedua faktor tersebut tidak signifikan dengan keberadaan Cryptosporidium di Hulu Sungai Citarum. Kata kunci: Cryptosporidium, Hulu Sungai Citarum, Indeks NSF-WQI, Kualitas Air
Potensi Chlorella Sp. untuk Menyisihkan COD dan Nitrat dalam Limbah Cair Tahu
Authors: Istirokhatun Titik , Aulia Mustika , Utomo Sudarno
Published: March 2018

In order to examine the potential use of tofu-processing wastewater as growth media for microalgae, this research was conducted by cultivating microalgae in varying concentrations. The type of microalga selected in the experiment was Chlorella sp. due to its high reproductive rate. The ability of Chlorella sp. in removing the levels of COD and nitrate contained in the tofu liquid waste were also investigated. This study examined the microalgae growth rate, microalgae cell abundance values, reduced organic levels of COD and nitrate of Chlorella sp which cultivated in tofu wastewater medium. The optimum growth of Chlorella sp was found at 30% v/v of tofu wastewater which reduce COD and nitrate up to 77.40% and 30.03% respectively. From this study, we concluded that tofu-processing wastewater is effective to use as microalgae growth media and at the same time, effective to eliminate COD and nitrate.
Studi Komparasi Kelayakan Teknis dan Lingkungan Pemanfaatan Limbah B3 Sandblasting terhadap Limbah B3 Sandblasting dan Fly Ash sebagai Campuran Beton
Authors: Dermawan Denny , Ashari Mochammad Luqman
Published: March 2018

Fly ash and sandblasting slag widely used as concrete’s builder because it contains quite high silica (SiO2) approximately 58,20% and 98,97%. Fly ash and sandblasting slag can increase concrete power pressure and contains characteristic like cement. Method of concrete making and technical feasibility test on this research use SNI standar (SNI 03-2834-2000). Environmental feasibility test use Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedur (TCLP) according PP No. 101 tahun 2014. The results of this research show that the use of  sandblasting slag can increase concrete power pressure at age of immersion 28 days. Concrete power pressure with 5%; 10%; 15%; and 20% sandblasting slag are 16,32 MPa; 17,81 MPa; 18,89 MPa; and 15,24 MPa. The use of sandblasting slag and fly ash can increase concrete power pressure at age of immersion 28 days. Concrete power pressure with 5% sandblasting slag and 30% fly ash; 10% sandblasting and 25% fly ash, 15% sandblasting and 20% fly ash, and  20% sandblasting and 15% fly ash are 18,53 Mpa, 16,08 MPa, 17,20 Mpa, and 15,91 MPa.  Based on the TCLP test, the concentration of heavy metal substances in 10% SBE are below the standard. Thus, it is  scientifically proven to conclude that concrete with 10% and 15% sandblasting slag and 5% sandblasting slag and 30% fly ash; 15% sandblasting and 20% fly ash are technically proper and safe for the environment.
Permodelan Beban Pencemar Non-Point Source Sungai Premulung Segmen Kota Surakarta
Authors: Rezagama Arya , N Arief Laila , A Affifah Nadya , Setiawati Lia
Published: March 2018

Sungai Premulung Kota Surakarta mendapatkan beban pencemaran dari sumber pencemaran tidak terpusat seperti limbah domestik dan limbah UKM limbah batik. Kualitas air sangat di pengaruhi oleh kondisi daerah aliran sungai di mana penelitian hubungan antara tata guna lahan dan kualitas sungai masih jarang di aplikasikan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalisa besaran beban pencemaran serta membandingkan secara spasial antara wilayah DAS premulung segmen Kota Surakarta. Survei kualitas air dilakukan dengan melakukan sampling 10 titik sepanjang sungai. Analisa spasial penggunaan lahan hasil dijitasi GIS citra Surakarta diolah dalam model BASIN-PLOAD. Berdasarkan hasil uji laboratorium nilai COD, Nitart, Fosfat maupun tembaga, hampir keseluruhan segmen sungai masih dibawah baku mutu Kelas IV menurut  PP no. 82 tahun 2001. Hasil model munjukkan penataan ruang memiliki korelasi yang sangat erat terhadap jumlah beban pencemaran yang masuk menuju sungai. Beban pencemar sumber bukan terpusat akan berhubungan lurus dengan luas wilayah dan area terbagun. Kelurahan Pajang Kecamatan Laweyan memempati urutan teratas dalam jumlah sumber pencemar dengan nilai 95 kg/tahun untuk CU, 1.097 kg/tahun untuk phosphat, 534 kg/tahun untuk nitrat dan 2.042 kg/tahun untuk COD kemudian diikuti Kelurahan Sondakan, Karangasem, dan Purwosari. Prioritas pengelolaan lingkungan Kota Surakarta dapat dibuat berdasarkan nilai beban pencemarannya.
Pengaruh Pendampingan Masyarakat dalam Pemilahan Sampah di Desa Pucung Kecamatan Tirto Kabupaten Pekalongan PUCUNG KECAMATAN TIRTO KABUPATEN PEKALONGAN
Authors: Samadikun Budi Prasetyo
Published: March 2018

Potential problems in household waste management are still found, especially in residential areas. Pucung Village, Tirto District Pekalongan Regency with a population of 3.347 people, is one example of a village that has not implemented waste management properly. The availability of inadequate trash can be one of the factors that causes the waste has not been well managed in this village. This community assistance activity aims to educate and encourage the community to be self-sufficient in waste management, especially in waste sorting. According to the recommendations of Pucung Village Government, this community assistance activity is centered in RT 04 RW 01 area as an embryo or pilot project to be implemented in all Pucung Village area. The methods used are survey, socialization, simulation, and post-socialization follow-up. The residents are quite enthusiastic and appreciative towards this activity, shown by the attendance rate of more than 60% during socialization and conducive discussion. The results of post-socialization evaluation indicate that people have started to realize in managing waste, indicated by the separated garbage in a different trash can at their residenceKeywords: accompaniment, sorting, waste, Pucung
Guidelines for DNA barcoding of coralline algae, focusing on Lithophylloideae (Corallinales) from Brazil
Authors: Torrano-Silva Beatriz N. , Vieira Bruno R. , Riosmena-Rodríguez Rafael , Oliveira Mariana C.
Published: March 2018

Multiple-marker (COI-5P, UPA, psbA and rbcL-3P) and two algorithmic approaches [automatic barcode gap discovery (ABGD) and Poisson tree process (PTP)] were used for species delimitation of Lithophylloideae in Brazil. The integrative approach was mostly congruent between markers and algorithmic methods of species delimitation, suggesting the occurrence of 24 species. Based on morphology and molecular data, Amphiroa rigida, Amphiroa vanbosseae, Lithophyllum atlanticum, Lithophyllum kaiseri, Lithophyllum margaritae, Titanoderma pustulatum, Titanoderma prototypum and Paulsilvella huveorum, which were previously reported for Brazil, are confirmed in this work. Six new species are distinguished by both molecular and morphological traits, and they are provisionally named as Amphiroa sp. 1, Amphiroa sp. 2, Amphiroa sp. 3, Lithophyllum sp. 1, Lithophyllum sp. 2 and Lithophyllum sp. 3. Another 10 species are cryptic and cannot be distinguished based on traditionally used morphological traits. These include Amphiroa sp. 4, Lithophyllum sp. 4, three species that are morphologically named under Amphiroa beauvoisii, and six that share the morphology described for Amphiroa fragilissima. All four markers used were useful for species delimitation. However, a combination of practical aspects and levels of intra- and interspecific divergence values led us to propose the use of rbcL-3P as a standard DNA barcode marker for the Corallinales.
The Role and Importance of Spa and Wellness Tourism in Hungary's Tourism Industry
Authors: Csapó János , Marton Gergely
Published: March 2018

This paper presents and highlights the role and importance of spa and wellness tourism in Hungary. Ever since tourism has played an important role in the social-economic processes of the country the leading tourism product proved to be health tourism (spa and wellness) thanks to the advantageous physical geographical and social-political background. After the presentation of the country-specific theoretical system of spa and wellness, the paper examines the supply and the demand side together with competitor analysis and recent trends in spa and wellness in Hungary.
The group of diffeomorphisms of a non-compact manifold is not regular
Authors: Magnot Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2018

We show that a group of diffeomorphisms D on the open unit interval I, equipped with the topology of uniform convergence on any compact set of the derivatives at any order, is non-regular: the exponential map is not defined for some path of the Lie algebra. This result extends to the group of diffeomorphisms of finite dimensional, non-compact manifold M.
Case, discourse structure, and (inter)subjectivity: A discourse approach to case of Finnish copula complement adjectives
Authors: Wójtowicz Radosław
Published: March 2018

This article presents a discourse approach to the case variation between the nominative and the partitive in Finnish copula complement adjectives. Using video recordings of spontaneous spoken Finnish, I show that the case marking of these adjectives reflects the discourse functions of demonstratives, which constitute the vast majority of copula subjects in the material. I also demonstrate that aspects of stance-taking in interaction are of relevance for the distribution of case in this construction. Based on the results of the present study, as well as on previous discussion in the literature, I analyse Finnish copulative constructions with partitive and nominative adjectives in terms of conversational patterns of subjectivity and intersubjectivity.
On a generalization of Smirnov’s theorem with some applications
Authors: Ephremidze Lasha , Spitkovsky Ilya
Published: March 2018

We present a certain generalization of Smirnov’s theorem on functions from the Hardy spaces

H
p

{H_{p}}

. We provide some applications of the proposed generalization. Namely, we give an equivalent characterization of outer analytic rectangular matrix functions, and give a simple proof of the uniqueness of spectral factorization of rank deficient matrices.
Multiplicity Results for Degenerate Fractional p$\boldsymbol{p}$-Laplacian Problems with Critical Growth
Authors: Wang Li , Wang Jixiu
Published: March 2018

In this paper, we deal with the existence of multiple nontrivial solutions for the following fractional

p

$p$

-Laplacian Kirchhoff problems

(

∬

R

2
N

|

u
(
x
)
−
u
(
y
)

|

p

|

x
−
y

|

N
+
p
s

d

x

d

y

)

θ
−
1

(
−
Δ

)
p
s

u
=
λ

|

u

|

θ
p
−
2

u

+

|

u

|

p
s
∗

−
2

u
in
 
 
Ω
,

u
=
0

in
 
 

R

N

∖
Ω
,

$$
\displaystyle\left\{
\begin{array}{ll}
&\Bigr( \displaystyle\iint_{{\mathbb R}^{2N}}\frac{|u(x)-u(y)|^{p}}{|x-y|^{N
+ps}}\mathrm{d}x\mathrm{d}y\Bigr)^{\theta-1}(-\Delta)^s_p u = \lambda |u|^{\theta p-2}u \vspace{.2cm}\\
&\quad+ |u|^{p_s^*-2}u \hfill \hbox{in}\ \ \Omega ,
\vspace{.2cm}\\
&u = 0 \hfill \qquad\qquad\quad\hbox{in}\ \ {\mathbb R}^N\setminus\Omega,
\end{array}
\right.
$$

where parameter

λ
>
0

$\lambda>0$

belongs to some left neighbourhood of the eigenvalue of the nonlocal operator

(

∬

R

2
N

|

u
(
x
)
−
u
(
y
)

|

p

|

x
−
y

|

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+
p
s

d

x

d

y

)

θ
−
1

(
−
Δ

)
p
s

.

$(\iint_{{\mathbb R}^{2N}}\frac{|u(x)-u(y)|^{p}}{|x-y|^{N +ps}}\mathrm{d}x\mathrm{d}y)^{\theta-1}(-\Delta)^s_p.$

The main feature and difficulty of our problems is the fact that the problem is degenerate.
Slow and Steady Wins the Race: Approximating Nash Equilibria in Nonlinear Quadratic Tracking Games Steter Tropfen höhlt den Stein: Approximation von Nash Gleichgewichten in Nicht-linearen Dynamischen Spielen
Authors: Savin Ivan , Blueschke Dmitri , Blueschke-Nikolaeva Viktoria
Published: March 2018

We propose a new method for solving nonlinear dynamic tracking games using a meta-heuristic approach. In contrast to ‘traditional’ methods based on linear-quadratic (LQ) techniques, this derivative-free method is very flexible with regard to the objective function specification. The proposed method is applied to a three-player dynamic game and tested versus a derivative-dependent method in approximating solutions of different game specifications. In particular, we consider a dynamic game between fiscal (played by national governments) and monetary policy (played by a central bank) in a monetary union. Apart from replicating results of the LQ-based techniques in a standard setting, we solve two ‘non-standard’ extensions of this game (dealing with an inequality constraint in a control variable and introducing asymmetry in penalties of the objective function), identifying both a cooperative Pareto and a non-cooperative open-loop Nash equilibria, where the traditional methods are not applicable. We, thus, demonstrate that the proposed method allows one to study more realistic problems and gain better insights for economic policy.
Cortical Measures of Phoneme-Level Speech Encoding Correlate with the Perceived Clarity of Natural Speech
Authors: Di Liberto Giovanni M. , Crosse Michael J. , Lalor Edmund C.
Published: March 2018

In real-world environments, humans comprehend speech by actively integrating prior knowledge (P) and expectations with sensory input. Recent studies have revealed effects of prior information in temporal and frontal cortical areas and have suggested that these effects are underpinned by enhanced encoding of speech-specific features, rather than a broad enhancement or suppression of cortical activity. However, in terms of the specific hierarchical stages of processing involved in speech comprehension, the effects of integrating bottom-up sensory responses and top-down predictions are still unclear. In addition, it is unclear whether the predictability that comes with prior information may differentially affect speech encoding relative to the perceptual enhancement that comes with that prediction. One way to investigate these issues is through examining the impact of P on indices of cortical tracking of continuous speech features. Here, we did this by presenting participants with degraded speech sentences that either were or were not preceded by a clear recording of the same sentences while recording non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG). We assessed the impact of prior information on an isolated index of cortical tracking that reflected phoneme-level processing. Our findings suggest the possibility that prior information affects the early encoding of natural speech in a dual manner. Firstly, the availability of prior information, as hypothesized, enhanced the perceived clarity of degraded speech, which was positively correlated with changes in phoneme-level encoding across subjects. In addition, P induced an overall reduction of this cortical measure, which we interpret as resulting from the increase in predictability.
Classical conditioning mediated by the red nucleus in the cat
Authors: Tsukahara N , Oda Y , Notsu T
Published: March 2018

We have attempted to develop a behavioral and neuronal model for classical conditioning in the corticorubrospinal system. A conditioned stimulus (CS) was applied to the cerebral peduncle (CP) in cats which had lesions that interrupted the corticofugal fibers caudal to the red nucleus. The unconditioned stimulus (US) was an electric shock to the skin of the forelimb that produced flexion of the limb. After pairing of the CS and US in close temporal association, an initially ineffective stimulus to the cerebral peduncle was found to give rise to the flexion of the elbow. Extinction of the conditioned response was achieved by applying the CS alone or by reversing the sequence of the stimuli (US-CS: backward pairing). Furthermore, the US alone did not produce an increase in the effectiveness of the CS stimulus. Finally, pairing the fixed CS stimuli with the US at random intervals did not produce any increase in performance in response to the CS. In these respects, the observed behavioral modification has the features of associative conditioning. Because the thresholds for and the strength of elbow flexion induced by stimulation of the nucleus interpositus of the cerebellum were identical in the experimental and control animals, the interpositorubrospinal system cannot be the site of the plastic change. Since the conditioned response is most probably mediated by the corticorubrospinal system, it is likely that a modification of the corticorubral synapses underlies this behavioral change.
Marked increases in large enkephalin-containing polypeptides in the rat adrenal gland following denervation
Authors: Lewis RV , Stern AS , Kilpatrick DL , Gerber LD , Rossier J , Stein S , Udenfriend S
Published: March 2018

When rat adrenal glands are denervated, large increases in the amounts of enkephalin and enkephalin-containing polypeptides appear. In the normal gland, only trace amounts occur. One of the larger polypeptides (approximately 22,000 daltons) increases rapidly and by 48 hr following denervation, attains 20 times its original level. At this time, the levels of free enkephalins are essentially unchanged. By 96 hr, the 22,000-dalton polypeptide begins to decrease as free enkephalins and intermediate-sized enkephalin-containing polypeptides increase. This series of events is consistent with a precursor (22,000-dalton polypeptide)/product (enkephalin) relationship.
Insights into calcium-sensing receptor trafficking and biased signalling by studies of calcium homeostasis
Authors: Gorvin Caroline M
Published: March 2018

The calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) is a class C G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that detects extracellular calcium concentrations, and modulates parathyroid hormone secretion and urinary calcium excretion to maintain calcium homeostasis. The CASR utilises multiple heterotrimeric G-proteins to mediate signalling effects including activation of intracellular calcium release; mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways; membrane ruffling; and inhibition of cAMP production. By studying germline mutations in the CASR and proteins within its signalling pathway that cause hyper- and hypocalcaemic disorders, novel mechanisms governing GPCR signalling and trafficking have been elucidated. This review focusses on two recently described pathways that provide novel insights into CASR signalling and trafficking mechanisms. The first, identified by studying a CASR gain-of-function mutation that causes autosomal dominant hypocalcaemia (ADH), demonstrated a structural motif located between the third transmembrane domain and the second extracellular loop of the CASR that mediates biased signalling by activating a novel β-arrestin-mediated G-protein-independent pathway. The second, in which the mechanism by which adaptor protein-2 σ-subunit (AP2σ) mutations cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FHH) was investigated, demonstrated that AP2σ mutations impair CASR internalisation and reduce multiple CASR-mediated signalling pathways. Furthermore, these studies showed that the CASR can signal from the cell surface using multiple G-protein pathways, whilst sustained signalling is mediated only by the Gq/11 pathway. Thus, studies of FHH- and ADH-associated mutations have revealed novel steps by which CASR mediates signalling and compartmental bias, and these pathways could provide new targets for therapies for patients with calcaemic disorders.
Co-Developing Interprofessional Course Content with People with Disabilities
Authors: Milot Élise , Garcia Véronique , Boucher Normand , Fortin Gabrielle , Grandisson Marie
Published: March 2018

Quality interprofessional and interorganizational practices are key to supporting people with disabilities and their families (Gilbert et al., 2010). It is critical to increase efforts to give health and social care professionals a better understanding of the roles and contributions of their colleagues and to encourage sharing between different disciplines. Professionals must also be supported in developing essential clinical knowledge, attitudes, and skills to build the foundations of a person-centred approach focusing on the needs of people with disabilities and their families (Lezzoni & Long-Belil, 2012).
Construcción social del acceso a los mercados por agricultores familiares en Brasil
Authors: Sabourin Eric , Aveline Igor , Petersen Paulo , Pra Marlene
Published: March 2018

El articulo trata de la construcción social de los mercados de agricultores familiares del nordeste y centro-oeste de Brasil a partir de un análisis de la articulación y la complementariedad entre modalidades de acción colectiva y relaciones de reciprocidad. Metodológicamente, las estrategias y lógicas de comercialización fueron observadas junto a una muestra de familias insertadas en distintos circuitos o cadenas: venta directa, compras públicas y circuitos largos con intermediarios. La metodología asoció el estudio de prácticas y estrategias colectivas de comercialización y el rol de las relaciones de reciprocidad entre familias y comunidades. Los resultados muestran la importancia de los procesos organizacionales y de los apoyos públicos y privados para la implementación de esas estrategias. La principal conclusión es que las relaciones de reciprocidad que producen y consolidan los lazos sociales también son esenciales para facilitar el acceso a los mercados y contribuir a la perennidad de las actividades de comercialización de las familias en complementariedad de la acción colectiva y de las políticas públicas.
Risk factors for lower extremity injuries in young badminton players
Authors: Kang Ang Lin , Ramalingam Vinodhkumar
Published: March 2018

AIMS: Based on the limited evidence available about the intrinsic factors causing lower extremity injuries among Malaysian badminton players, this study was aimed to determine the relationship of demographic and physical characteristics to lower extremity injuries in young badminton players.METHODS: A cross-sectional study included badminton players between 14 and 24 years of age, categorized into case and control groups. Participants diagnosed with lower limb injuries were designated as cases, and those with no reported injuries were designated as controls. Personal information including demographic data, level of athlete and injury history was collected using a questionnaire. Independent t-test was used to analyze the differences between intrinsic characteristics in cases and controls. Pearson's χ2 was applied to evaluate the association between risk factors and general lower limb injuries, knee injuries and ankle injuries, with 95% confidence interval (CI). A p value of ≤0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS: A total of 106 young badminton players (83 males, 23 females) were recruited, of whom 42 participants were allocated as the case group, and 64 participants were allocated as the control group. A total of 60 lower extremity injuries were reported among the 42 players of the case group. The overall mean age of the sample was 18.7±5 years (minimum 14 years and maximum 24 years). Mean age of the participants in the case group was 16.92±2.99 years. The most common injuries reported were ankle joint injuries, followed by knee and hip injuries. Participants of the younger age group (14-19 years old) were found to have a higher risk for lower extremity injures compared to those of the older age group (20-24 years old) (odds ratio [OR], 3.39; 95%CI, 1.15-10.01; p=0.023). Increased true limb length discrepancy was identified among the participants with lower extremity injuries (OR, 4.57, 95%CI, 1.2-17.24; p=0.016) and this discrepancy was strongly associated with ankle injuries (OR, 7.25; 95%CI, 1.85-28.57; p=0.002). There was no significant relationship between lower extremity injuries and gender, limb dominance or Q-angle.CONCLUSIONS: Lower extremity injuries in young badminton players were predominantly located in ankle and knee joints. Younger age and increase in true limb length discrepancy were identified as risk factors for lower extremity injuries in the study sample.
Specification of the structure of land in hard-to-rich areas of the Republic of Iraq on remote sensing data
Authors: Abdallah Rang , Chetverikov Boris , Protsyk Mykhailo
Published: March 2018

The paper discusses the problem of using QuickBird space images to provide land cadastral
surveys and regulations regarding the protection and rational use of land under specific condi�tions: hard-to-rich areas, limited funds, time and staff for the inspection and monitoring of large
territories. Legal, technical and technological questions concerning the use of QuickBird images
and geoinformation technologies for the specified purposes are analysed in the work.
Saw cutting (or not) of joint spacing in roller-compacted concrete pavement
Authors: Sok Tetsya , Hong Seong Jae , Kim Young Kyu , Lee Seung Woo
Published: March 2018

Natural cracking in unjointed roller-compacted concrete pavement (RCCP) may exhibit poor load transfer efficiency (LTE) across the cracks, leading to the occurrence of faulting, further cracking and excessive deflection, and a dramatic decrease in pavement service life. The aim of this study is to enable pavement designers to make the right decision as to whether or not to saw cut joints for RCCP. Analytical approaches to predicting the natural crack spacing for unjointed RCCP are considered and verified with data observed in the field. The predictive model response for different locations in South Korea was simulated to consider climate effects on natural crack spacing. Furthermore, measurements of LTE using a falling weight deflectometer across natural cracks in RCCP in relation to the crack opening were performed and a back-calculated joint spacing for adequate LTE was derived. Based on the results obtained, the analytical model for natural crack spacing provided accurate results compared to field data. The results also showed that the natural crack spacing is sensitive to ambient temperature and placement time. These spacings were too large to maintain adequate LTE and significantly decrease the LTE across RCCP cracks. Therefore, it was found that saw cutting of the joint spacing is required.
Capital social étnico e desenvolvimento comunitário: o caso da organização de mulheres indígenas Masehual Siuamej Mosenyolchikauanij
Authors: Pizzio Alex
Published: March 2018

A promoção do capital social tem se configurado em uma das estratégias mais recorrentes, por parte de governos e organismos internacionais, na busca da superação da pobreza e da diminuição das desigualdades sociais. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar, por meio de um estudo de caso, as possibilidades de o capital social de cunho étnico constituir-se em um instrumento de transformação social e, ao mesmo tempo, ser um mecanismo de desenvolvimento comunitário local. Trata-se de um estudo realizado junto à organização de mulheres indígenas Masehual Siuamej Mosenyolchikauanij em Cuetzalan del Progreso, no México. Os dados aqui apresentados foram obtidos por meio de registros etnográficos durante o primeiro semestre do ano de 2017. Utilizou-se a técnica da observação participante e entrevistas em profundidade. Conclui-se que o capital social étnico é um recurso importante para o desenvolvimento das comunidades na região, uma vez que contribui para uma ampliação plural dos temas que se encontram envolvidos nas políticas e projetos de desenvolvimento, possibilita a inclusão/integração de um maior contingente de atores sociais em processos de gestão local do desenvolvimento, uma maior inclusão/integração dos sujeitos, diminuindo as desigualdades em termos de status social, e amplia o campo das oportunidades econômicas.
Articulação dos atores institucionais no desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar no Sudoeste Goiano
Authors: Da Silva José Luis Gomes , De Paula Marcia Maria
Published: March 2018

Nos últimos anos a agricultura familiar no Brasil tem tomado novas dimensões. A discussão permeia o meio acadêmico e no campo político programas de fomento são criados. O estudo analisou a articulação dos atores institucionais que fazem parte do processo de desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar no Município de Mineiros, na região do Sudoeste Goiano. Foi utilizada a abordagem qualitativa e formulários padrão para o registro das instituições e ações. Utilizou-se a pesquisa documental a partir de dados obtidos junto às agências e bancos de dados ligados a agricultura familiar no Município de Mineiros-Goiás e região, durante o período de 1996, ano de criação do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar-PRONAF a 2014. Nos resultados, identificou-se 32 instituições ligadas à agricultura familiar, representantes do governo, instituições de ensino superior, cooperativas, associações rurais, instituições financeiras, empresas privadas e organizações não-governamentais, desenvolvendo ações extensionistas, de assistência técnica e de pesquisa. Com o estudo concluiu-se que existe uma rede de cooperação local, desenvolvendo ações nas dimensões social, econômica, ambiental e cultural da sustentabilidade. As informações adquiridas poderão subsidiar ações locais e regionais na implementação das políticas públicas direcionadas para o setor da agricultura familiar.
Análise da elasticidade da transmissão dos preços internacionais do açúcar para os preços no Brasil: uma aplicação do Modelo Estrutural
Authors: Margarido Mario Antonio , Shikida Pery Francisco Assis , Calvo Juan Carllos Ayala
Published: March 2018

Este trabalho objetiva determinar e analisar a elasticidade espacial (ou horizontal) de transmissão de preços entre os preços internacionais do açúcar e o preço médio recebido pelo exportador brasileiro de açúcar, por meio do Modelo Estrutural, entre janeiro de 2004 e novembro de 2015. Como corolário, variações de 1% no preço internacional do açúcar são transmitidas para o preço médio recebido pelos exportadores brasileiros de açúcar com magnitude de 0,3%, em média, configurando relação inelástica entre as duas variáveis e, por consequência, a não ocorrência da Lei do Preço Único. Logo, existem mecanismos nesse mercado que estão impedindo o pleno funcionamento do processo de arbitragem. Tal fato não é incomum haja vista ser o açúcar um dos produtos mais protegidos comercialmente e que sofre muitas interferências.
Distribuição de Sistemas Agroflorestais no Estado De São Paulo: apontamentos para restauração florestal e produção sustentável
Authors: Sais Adriana Cavalieri , Oliveira Renata Evangelista de
Published: March 2018

Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo uma análise descritiva da distribuição espacial de sistemas agroflorestais no Estado de São Paulo, a partir de informações disponibilizadas pelo Censo Agropecuário de 2006. Partindo-se da distribuição apresentada por esses sistemas, buscamos discutir sua adoção e relação com o uso do solo em diferentes regiões, bem como discorrer sobre seu potencial como sistemas de produção e de restauração em áreas protegidas na paisagem rural do estado. Os resultados apontam uso incipiente dos Sistemas Agroflorestais à época do levantamento, e concentração dos mesmos em regiões específicas, com destaque a alguns municípios. Isso provavelmente está associado à concentração de assentamentos rurais e pequenas propriedades, à adequação de áreas de preservação permanente e reservas legais e ao interesse na implantação de modelos agroflorestais de produção com algumas espécies (principalmente exóticas) em particular.
Caracterizando a evolução da eletrificação rural brasileira
Authors: Jeronymo Alexandre Cosme José , Guerra Sinclair Mallet-Guy
Published: March 2018

Ao longo do século XX, foram implementados, no Brasil, programas de eletrificação rural públicos e privados. Esses Programas ampliaram o acesso à prestação do serviço, mas não conseguiram atender ao conjunto das famílias residentes nos bairros rurais e interessadas no fornecimento. Este artigo recupera a legislação para a eletrificação rural brasileira, destaca a confusão institucional provocada pelos diferentes programas implementados simultaneamente e identifica a compra da infraestrutura como um dos obstáculos para estratos da população rural acessar o serviço. Foram selecionados os programas PROLUZ (I e II), Luz da Terra e Luz no Campo, referências para a eletrificação rural de baixo custo e para o atendimento das famílias interessadas. O artigo avança até a universalização do acesso e uso da energia elétrica e o Programa Luz Para Todos. Os procedimentos para o desenvolvimento do artigo foram a pesquisa bibliográfica, a legislação e a identificação de elementos que potencializam e limitam as experiências com eletrificação rural. Os principais resultados mostram que: a compra da infraestrutura para eletrificação rural exclui famílias interessadas neste serviço; o apoio político determina o acesso à energia elétrica para os bairros rurais; a universalização e o Programa Luz Para Todos desenvolveram aprendizados com programas de eletrificação rural anteriores; as novas dinâmicas rurais promovidas pelo acesso à eletricidade requerem análises e estudos prospectivos.
Images of woman and the search for happiness in Cynthia Jele's Happiness is a four letter word
Authors: Makombe Rodwell
Published: March 2018

Over the years, African ‘feminist’ scholars have expressed reservations about embracing feminism as an analytical framework for theorizing issues that affect African women. This is particularly because in many African societies, feminism has been perceived as a negative influence that seeks to tear the cultural fabric and value systems of African communities. Some scholars such as Clenora Hudson-Weems, Chikenje Ogunyemi, Tiamoyo Karenga and Chimbuko Tembo contend that feminism as developed by Western scholars is incapable of addressing context-specific concerns of African women. As a result, they developed womanism as an alternative framework for analysing the realities of women in African cultures. Womanism is premised on the view that African women need an Afrocentric theory that can adequately deal with their specific struggles. Drawing from ideas that have been developed by womanist scholars, this article critically interrogates the portrayal of women in Cynthia Jele’s Happiness is a four-letter word (2010), with particular focus on the choices that they make in love relationships, marriage and motherhood. My argument is that Jele’s text affirms the womanist view that African women exist within a specific cultural context that shapes their needs, aspirations and choices in a different way.
Contemporary Zimbabwean popular music in the context of adversities
Authors: Tivenga Doreen Rumbidzai
Published: March 2018

Contemporary Zimbabwean popular and urban genres of music namely, urban grooves and its variant Zimdancehall emerged and continue to exist at a time Zimbabwe is grappling with socio-economic and political adversities. The music is part of crucial artistic forms and dissent, hence for the ordinary Zimbabweans, it plays a significant role, detailing their experiences and survival strategies and influencing their patterns of entertainment and daily cultural practises. This article which is informed by popular culture theorists such as Karin Barber (1987) and John Fiske (1989) makes a textual analysis of Winky D's (2015) songs "Disappear", "Copyrights" and "Survivor" to examine the power of the songs in exploring the survival strategies employed by ordinary Zimbabweans in dealing with their experiences. The paper examines how the music is a source of power that fosters a response resonating with a postcolonial urban youth cultural activism seeking to empower the ordinary Zimbabweans to autonomously transcend their adversities and take control of their destinies in a country where the ruling elite are failing to improve the nation's socio-economic conditions.
Narrating the past: reflections on recent Black Afrikaans writing
Authors: Van Wyk Steward
Published: March 2018

A return to the past has been a dominant feature of recent Afrikaans writing. This is evident in the many novels re-visiting the Anglo-Boer War or recounting incidents from the apartheid past. The approaches include the debunking of myths and a nostalgic longing for the good old days. Whether this is true of the small body of Black Afrikaans writing, given its ambivalent relationship to the canon, needs to be investigated. A number of texts that was published recently either had a clear autobiographical background or emanated from the desire and imperative to "tell our own stories from our communities". This paper explores the way that the past is narrated in a number of selected texts by i.a. Fatima Osman, Simon Bruinders, Ronelda Kamfer and Valda Jansen. In the case of the texts by the firstmentioned authors the narrative is about survival, determination and the triumph of the human spirit in the face of a dehumanising system like apartheid. In the latter texts one finds elements of dystopia and disillusionment with the past as an ydill. It also gives an unsentimental view of the state of mind and events playing out in communities in the present. The texts furthermore grapples with textual strategies to represent history and the inability at times to comprehend the past.
Modernities and our inner Africas
Authors: Breytenbach Breyten
Published: March 2018

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Representation of racial and sexual 'others' in Afrikaans popular romantic fiction by Sophia Kapp
Authors: Vitackova Martina
Published: March 2018

This article provides a feminist critique of representation, analysing the way sexual and racial others are represented in the work of the Afrikaans popular romantic fiction writer Sophia Kapp. Comparing her first three novels to the latest one, the article points to a development in her writing and tracks the changes it has undergone over the course of the almost ten years of Kapp's writing career. Starting off with exclusively white and heterosexual characters in her first novels, her latest novel includes a number of black and homosexual secondary characters. However, while these characters appear to be equal to the white hero and heroine, an analysis of their representation shows that they are rendered in such a way that they support the white heterosexual marriage as the unquestionable standard, and it becomes clear that the inclusion of sexual and racial others appears for the most part to be in the function of "surrogate and enabler" for the white heterosexual marriage ideal.
RNA Imaging with MERFISH - Design of Oligonucleotide Probes v1
Authors: R. Moffitt Jeffrey , Zhuang Xiaowei
Published: March 2018

The first step in any MERFISH experiment is the design of the oligonucleotide probes that will be used to label individual RNA species. In our current implementation of MERFISH, each oligonucleotide encoding probe consists of three basic components as illustrated in Figure 2. The first region is a 30-nt targeting region that is complementary to a portion of the sequence of the RNA to which it is designed to bind. The second region is a set of sequences that are called readout sequences, which were designed to be complementary and hence only bind to MERFISH readout probes and not other nucleic acid in the cell. Finally, the third region is a set of priming regions used in the construction of these probes, which will be discussed in detail in Probe Construction. In addition to the nucleotide sequences for each of these components, a codebook —the specific set of binary barcodes that will be used and their association with different RNA species of interest—must also be designed. In this section, we provide protocols to design these sequences and to build a codebook. Example code to perform these steps can be found at http://zhuang.harvard.edu/merfish/ .
Linguistic and Sociolinguistic Peculiarities of Family Law Legal Terminology
Authors: Djachy Ketevan , Kuparadze George , Rukhiashvili Lia
Published: March 2018

This paper concerns a comprehensive study of the Family Law legal terminology and attempts to determine its communicative role and functions in linguistic, sociolinguistic and socio-cultural aspects. Increased contacts between people, societal changes associated with migration processes, and more frequent mixed marriages have led to dynamic socio-cultural values and changes to traditional cultural stereotypes. In this regard, it is interesting to examine and study the marital and family problems in contemporary intercultural space and legal discourse, the sphere that has not been studied yet in terms of comparative analysis in Georgian, English and French languages.
Discursive Construction of the Translator: An Example of the English Version of The Great Ming Code (Da Ming Lü)
Authors: Xiao Han , Li Lei
Published: March 2018

Based on the translation of The Great Ming Code (Da Ming Lü), The Principle of Objective, and drawing on Michel Foucault’s work, this article attempts to explore how various discursive strategies were employed by Jiang Yonglin to foster the realization of his objective and further examine that the translator, more often than not, influenced by such by social ideology, knowledge structure and what he intends to attain, does play a dual role in translating The Great Ming Code (Da Ming Lü). Accordingly, Jiang Yonglin’s version of The Great Ming Code (Da Ming Lü) was well embraced by the target readers. This paper seems to make theoretically contributions to the analysis of the translation of legal classics and further verifies the interrelationship between power, ideology and discourse.
“It” and Its Corresponding Translation in Chinese—A Case Study of The Old Man and the Sea
Authors: Zhang Lulu
Published: March 2018

The word “it” is one of the pronouns that are of high frequency in English. It can be literally translated into “它” in Chinese. However, it is improper to simply translate all the “it” into “它” in text translation. In fact, there are only a few cases where “it” is translated into “它”, and more often it is omitted or translated into other forms such as “这”, “那” and the noun or noun phrase it refers to. This paper, taking The Old Man and the Sea as an example, analyses the translation of the word “it” in different cases in order to show the different ways people express themselves between English and Chinese, which is beneficial to the improvement of translation quality, and as a result, brings readers the feeling of reading the wonderful original works.