bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Fruit Weight and Drop Height on Bruise Area and Contact Pressure Characteristics of Apple during Free Drop Test
Authors: Li Yuchi , Song Shujie , Huang Xue , Zhao Chenxu
Published: August 2023

Drop bruising is among the most common forms of mechanical damage to fruit during postharvest procedures. To minimize the damage inflicted on apples by free falling during harvesting, transportation and preservation processes and to better understand the mechanism of this damage, this paper investigates the area and contact pressure distribution of a drop bruise when an apple of a certain weight is dropped from a specific height onto a steel substrate. The characteristics of the contact pressure were measured using Prescale® pressure-sensitive film and subsequently analyzed to determine the relationship between the bruise area and the pressure distribution upon impact. Our findings indicate that the peak range of contact pressure stood between 0.5 and 0.6 MPa for an apple dropped from a height of 20-80 cm onto a steel substrate. The pressures displayed a fairly regular distribution with a relatively small pressure area, closely matching the bruised area. Additionally, the area with a pressure range of 0.2-0.4 MPa was found to be the largest, with an average pressure of 0.25-0.28 MPa. The pressure area showed a linear increase in correspondence with the increase in fruit weight and drop height, maintaining a consistent peak. The linear regression model, formulated using the product of the pressure area and average pressure, accurately predicts and assesses the bruised area of a dropped apple. This research could inform the design of mechanized and automated equipment aiming to reduce the frequency of bruising in apples.
Modeling Soil Loss and Its Association to Site Physical Characteristics in Majang Watershed, Baro Abobo River Basin
Authors: Belayneh Mengie , Masha Mamush , Befikadu Bedilu
Published: August 2023

One of Ethiopia’s threatening environmental problems is soil erosion. Minimizing soil erosion to the tolerable level needs evidence-based sustainable land management. This study aimed to investigate the soil erosion rate and its relation with site physical characteristics (slope, land use/cover, and soil properties) using the GIS-based RUSLE model in the Majang watershed. Climate data, DEM, Landsat image, and soil map were used to model soil erosion by applying the RUSLE model. The results showed that cultivated land is the most vulnerable type of land use to soil loss (35.1·t ha−1 year−1) followed by grasslands (19.6·t ha−1 year−1) in the watershed. Conversely, forest land is the least vulnerable land use and generates a very low amount of soil loss (12·t ha−1 year−1). Similarly, the average soil loss of the watershed is strongly related to the slope gradient. The model result indicated that a high amount of soil loss was observed in very steep slope land (62.8·t ha−1 year−1) but lower in the gentle slope (13.6·t ha−1 year−1). Soil types and their characteristics have greater roles in generating a high amount of soil loss. Acrisols, which lack organic matter content, have experienced a high soil loss rate (20·t ha−1 year−1). This implies soil loss is highly associated with site-specific characteristics such as slope gradient, land cover/use, and soil condition. The greatest share of the soil loss was estimated from steep slopes, bare and cultivated land, and less fertile soils. Therefore, building an integrated participatory approach needs immediate attention, and all farmers and stakeholders need to focus on on-site prioritization and invest more in conserving vulnerable areas.
Inhibition of NAD+-Dependent Metabolic Processes Induces Cellular Necrosis and Tumor Regression in Rhabdomyosarcoma Models
Authors: McKay-Corkum Grace B. , Collins Victor J. , Yeung Choh , Ito Takeshi , Issaq Sameer H. , Holland David , Vulikh Ksenia , Zhang Yiping , Lee Unsun , Lei Haiyan , Mendoza Arnulfo , Shern Jack F. , Yohe Marielle E. , Yamamoto Kazutoshi , Wilson Kelli , Ji Jiuping , Karim Baktiar O. , Thomas Craig J. , Krishna Murali C. , Neckers Leonard M. , Heske Christine M.
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

Deregulated metabolism in cancer cells represents a vulnerability that may be therapeutically exploited to benefit patients. One such target is nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD+ salvage pathway. NAMPT is necessary for efficient NAD+ production and may be exploited in cells with increased metabolic demands. We have identified NAMPT as a dependency in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a malignancy for which novel therapies are critically needed. Here we describe the effect of NAMPT inhibition on RMS proliferation and metabolism in vitro and in vivo.

Experimental Design:

Assays of proliferation and cell death were used to determine the effects of pharmacologic NAMPT inhibition in a panel of ten molecularly diverse RMS cell lines. Mechanism of the clinical NAMPTi OT-82 was determined using measures of NAD+ and downstream NAD+-dependent functions, including energy metabolism. We used orthotopic xenograft models to examine tolerability, efficacy, and drug mechanism in vivo.

Results:

Across all ten RMS cell lines, OT-82 depleted NAD+ and inhibited cell growth at concentrations ≤1 nmol/L. Significant impairment of glycolysis was a universal finding, with some cell lines also exhibiting diminished oxidative phosphorylation. Most cell lines experienced profound depletion of ATP with subsequent irreversible necrotic cell death. Importantly, loss of NAD and glycolytic activity were confirmed in orthotopic in vivo models, which exhibited complete tumor regressions with OT-82 treatment delivered on the clinical schedule.

Conclusions:

RMS is highly vulnerable to NAMPT inhibition. These findings underscore the need for further clinical study of this class of agents for this malignancy.
A recepção dos ensaios cartesianos e algumas críticas à hipótese da matéria sutil
Authors: Silva Paulo Tadeu da
Published: August 2023

Após a publicação do Discurso do método e seus ensaios, Descartes inicia uma campanha de divulgação da obra com o objetivo de introduzir suas ideias no ambiente filosófico e acadêmico. Seu maior interesse era obter a aprovação e o reconhecimento das suposições e explicações presentes em Os meteoros e em A dióptrica. Esse interesse vincula-se ainda ao seu desejo de ver seus ensaios discutidos e ensinados nos colégios jesuítas. Neste artigo discuto a recepção de algumas ideias contidas nesses ensaios, particularmente entre os estudiosos jesuítas, e analiso algumas críticas de Morin à hipótese da matéria sutil.
Sobre os Pensamentos Metafísicos
Authors: Chaui Marilena de Souza
Published: August 2023

Os Pensamentos Metafísicos (Cogitata Metaphysica) raramente são tratados pelos comentadores de Espinosa, exceto em notas de rodapé, possivelmente por terem sido apresentados apenas como um Apêndice aos Princípios da Filosofia cartesiana. Todavia, pretendo mostrar que este opúsculo merece ser estudado mais detidamente, visto que é um prolegômeno às ideias fundamentais de Espinosa, tanto no que se refere à crítica à tradição metafísica escolástica, ainda vigente nas universidades holandesas no século XVII, quanto no que se refere à crítica à metafísica cartesiana.
É possível pensar o campo político a partir de Descartes?
Authors: Beserra Abel
Published: August 2023

O presente artigo procura debater se é possível pensar o campo político a partir de Descartes. Em geral se considera que: 1) o tema teria sido praticamente ignorado por Descartes; 2) há indicações do que o filósofo pensa a respeito dessa temática, quer em sua correspondência, quer ao longo de seus trabalhos. Nossa posição se aproxima da segunda alternativa, pois Descartes teria conferido um lugar ao campo político por meio das implicações e desdobramentos relativos à união da alma e do corpo. Mais especificamente, por meio do papel da causalidade final para a ação prática do ser humano, seja na moral, seja na política. Nesse sentido, os conceitos discutidos no Tratado das paixões e na correspondência com a princesa Elisabeth podem ser elucidativos. Dessa maneira, nossa leitura é a de que emerge em Descartes um campo político baseado no exercício da razão e de uma vontade livre.
Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Review of Established and Emerging Embolic Agents
Authors: Tudor Thilan , Capone Stephen , Vivanco‐Suarez Juan , Salem Mohamed M. , Sioutas Georgios S. , Tonetti Daniel A. , Heiferman Daniel M. , Kan Peter , Jankowitz Brian T. , Burkhardt Jan‐Karl , Srinivasan Visish M.
Published: August 2023

Middle meningeal artery embolization is an increasingly common procedure involved in the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) that can be an adjuvant intervention or an alternative to traditional medical or surgical therapies. Our review aims to summarize the mechanism, properties, and available clinical data for current and investigative embolic agents used for the treatment of cSDH. Pubmed, Scopus, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched for relevant studies and ongoing trials that examine middle meningeal artery embolization for cSDH. Particle agents, liquid embolic agents, and coil embolization are the common classes of embolic materials used in clinical practice and in ongoing trials. These embolic agents are not only mechanical occlusive materials; they have unique properties that address the angiogenic and proinflammatory mechanisms that propagate and sustain cSDH. Particle agents, such as polyvinyl alcohol and Embosphere (tris‐acryl gelatin microspheres) have been the most commonly used embolic agents given the long‐term evidence base regarding efficacy and established safety record. Liquid embolic agents such as cyanoacrylate glues and copolymer agents such as Onyx, Squid, and PHIL are increasingly common in clinical settings due to improved visualization on imaging, durable embolization, and better control of distal embolization. Coil embolization is used in conjunction with other embolic agents or as monotherapy in the setting of dangerous middle meningeal artery anastomoses. There are several ongoing randomized clinical trials and prospective cohort studies that will clarify the safety, efficacy, and use cases of particle agents, liquid embolic agents, and coil embolization for the treatment of cSDH.
Cortical changes during the learning of sequences of simultaneous finger presses
Authors: Garzón Benjamín , Helms Gunther , Olsson Hampus , Brozzoli Claudio , Ullén Fredrik , Diedrichsen Jörn , Lövdén Martin
Published: August 2023

The cortical alterations underpinning the acquisition of motor skills remain debated. In this longitudinal study in younger adults, we acquired performance and neuroimaging (7 T MRI) measures weekly over the course of 6 weeks to investigate neural changes associated with learning sequences of simultaneous finger presses executed with the non-dominant hand. Both the intervention group (n = 33), which practiced the finger sequences at home, and the control group (n = 30, no home practice) showed general performance improvements, but performance improved more and became more consistent for sequences that were intensively trained by the intervention group, relative to those that were not. Brain activity for trained sequences decreased compared with untrained sequences in the bilateral parietal and premotor cortices. No training-related changes in the primary sensorimotor areas were detected. The similarity of activation patterns between trained and untrained sequences decreased in secondary, but not primary, sensorimotor areas, while the similarity of the activation patterns between different trained sequences did not show reliable changes. Neither the variability of activation patterns across trials, nor the estimates of brain structure displayed practice-related changes that reached statistical significance. Overall, the main correlate of learning configural sequences was a reduction in brain activity in secondary motor areas.
Arbacia ballenensis sp. nov. (Echinoidea, Arbacioida): A new species reveals diversification of the genus in Central America
Authors: COURVILLE ERWAN , MOOI RICH , POULIN ELIE , SAUCEDE THOMAS
Published: August 2023

A new species of Arbacia (Echinoidea, Arbacioida), A. ballenensis sp. nov., from the Late Pliocene—Early Pleistocene of Baja California Norte, México, is described from a series of 62 specimens ranging in size from 6 to 20 mm test diameter. It differs from all extant species in the genus by its high number of interambulacral plates, numerous small interambulacral tubercles, and the size of the interambulacral tags at the peristomial edge. This new species yields new evidence concerning the diversification of the genus along the Pacific coast of North America where previously, only one extinct species was described, Arbacia abiquaensis from the Oligocene of Oregon. A. ballenensis sp. nov. is closely related to the recently described Arbacia quyllur from the late Miocene of Chile. Study of the new species in the context of events such as the mid-Pleistocene Transition helps shed light on patterns of extinction and speciation within the genus.
Capropodocerus, a new genus in Podoceridae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Japan, with descriptions of two new species
Authors: MATSUMOTO YU , KAJIHARA HIROSHI , KAKUI KEIICHI
Published: August 2023

We establish the new podocerid genus Capropodocerus gen. nov. for the two new species Capropodocerus tagamaru gen. et sp. nov. (collected from 775–800 m depth in the Kumano Sea, Japan) and Capropodocerus kamaitachi gen. et sp. nov. (collected from 840–873 m depth off the eastern coast of Miyagi, Japan). Capropodocerus shares elongate pereonites 1–3 with Neoxenodice but differs from the latter in lacking uropod 2 and in having pereonite 3 at least twice as long as pereonite 4. Capropodocerus is also similar to Laetmatophilus and Leipsuropus in having only two pairs of uropods but differs from them in having i) pereonite 1 longer than the head and ii) pereonite 3 at least twice as long as pereonite 4; Capropodocerus has three urosomes and Laetmatophilus has two urosomes. The two species in Capropodocerus differ in i) the length ratio of the antenna 1 peduncle to the flagellum, ii) the shape of the gnathopod 2 palm, iii) the presence or absence of a mid-posterior triangular projection on the gnathopod 2 dactylus, and iv) the length ratio of the basis to the merus of pereopod 3. A key to all genera in Podoceridae is provided.
Understanding the Drivers of Drought Onset and Intensification in the Canadian Prairies: Insights from Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
Authors: Mardian Jacob , Champagne Catherine , Bonsal Barrie , Berg Aaron
Published: August 2023

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and explainable AI (XAI) have created opportunities to better predict and understand drought processes. This study uses a machine learning approach for understanding the drivers of drought severity and extent in the Canadian Prairies from 2005 to 2019 using climate and satellite data. The model is trained on the Canadian Drought Monitor (CDM), an extensive dataset produced by expert analysis of drought impacts across various sectors that enables a more comprehensive understanding of drought. Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) is used to understand model predictions during emerging or worsening drought conditions, providing insight into the key determinants of drought. The results demonstrate the importance of capturing spatiotemporal autocorrelation structures for accurate drought characterization and elucidates the drought time scales and thresholds that optimally separate each CDM severity category. In general, there is a positive relationship between the severity of drought and the time scale of the anomalies. However, high-severity droughts are also more complex and driven by a multitude of factors. It was found that satellite-based evaporative stress index (ESI), soil moisture, and groundwater were effective predictors of drought onset and intensification. Similarly, anomalous phases of large-scale atmosphere–ocean dynamics exhibit teleconnections with Prairie drought. Overall, this investigation provides a better understanding of the physical mechanisms responsible for drought in the Prairies, provides data-driven thresholds for estimating drought severity that could improve future drought assessments, and offers a set of early warning indicators that may be useful for drought adaptation and mitigation.

Significance Statement

This work is significant because it identifies drivers of drought onset and intensification in an agriculturally and economically important region of Canada. This information can be used in the future to improve early warning for adaptation and mitigation. It also uses state-of-the-art machine learning techniques to understand drought, including a novel approach called SHAP probability values to improve interpretability. This provides evidence that machine learning models are not black boxes and should be more widely considered for understanding drought and other hydrometeorological phenomena.
Following Orders or Following the Oath? Assessing Democratic Norm Endorsement Among Service Academy Cadets
Authors: Brooks Risa A. , Robinson Michael A. , Urben Heidi A.
Published: August 2023

How strongly embraced within the officer corps is the commitment to supporting and defending the Constitution and to the ethic of nonpartisanship? This article answers that question through a 2019/2020 survey of 1,470 service academy students, including with a list experiment. The results show that cadets engage in what we term “selective endorsement” of norms, whereby they endorse norms as long as they are not in tension with their partisan identities. In particular, the list experiment reveals that when provided an opportunity to obscure their preferences, many cadets supported following civilian orders, even those at odds with democratic traditions—and that partisan dynamics may play a role in determining how they respond. The article has important implications for scholarly research on norm robustness and socialization, as well as practical consequences for civil-military relations in light of ongoing challenges to democracy in the United States today.
How Autism Assistance Canines Enhance the Lives of Autistic Children
Authors: Morgan Sinéad , O’Byrne Dr Anne
Published: August 2023

The primary objective of this qualitative study was to examine the emerging phenomenon regarding the use of autism assistance canines to support the development of autistic children. Following an evaluation and analysis of literature and national educational policies, it became apparent that, to date, little research has been conducted regarding the concept of animal assisted education within Irish society. Therefore, this qualitative research study aimed to increase the body of research in order to inform future policy makers. Data were gathered using 9 semi structured interviews which explored the attitudes, experiences and perceptions of parents, canine handlers and teachers. Thematic analysis was used to assess, analyse, code and identify themes. The results clearly indicated that an autism assistance canine can positively enhance the life experience of an autistic child in Irish society. More specifically, this study found that an autism assistance canine can positively influence the behavior, safety, social interaction, independent functioning, companionship, language development, educational experience and the family life of an autistic child.
The Mediating Role of Job Stress Between Organizational Climate and Work Alienation Among Nurses in Emergency Departments: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Li Na , Li Yan , Wang Jinfang , Kong Chang , Qin Yuting , Liu Jinfeng
Published: August 2023

Background:

Nurses suffer a certain degree of work alienation (a psychological state in which employees feel separated from their jobs because the jobs do not meet the needs of employees or do not match their expectations). It is necessary to identify predictors of work alienation and find effective interventions.

Objective:

To explore the influence of organizational climate and job stress on work alienation among nurses in emergency departments.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study conducted from June to August 2022. A convenience sampling method was adopted to invite 342 nurses from emergency departments in 12 tertiary public hospitals in 4 cities in China. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires on organizational climate, job stress, and work alienation. Path analysis implemented by IBM AMOS 21.0 was used to explore the associations among organizational climate, job stress, and work alienation.

Results:

Job stress can positively affect work alienation among nurses in emergency departments (β = 0.44, P < .01). Organizational climate can directly and negatively affect work alienation (β = −0.33, P < .01); it can also negatively and indirectly affect work alienation through job stress (β = −0.20, 95% confidence interval: −0.252 to −0.146).

Conclusions:

Job stress partially mediated the effect of organizational climate on work alienation among nurses in emergency departments. The findings provided a valuable perspective on predictors of work alienation among emergency department nurses.
New Method to Assess Sagittal Jaw Position: TWM and TWG Angles: A Cephalometric Study
Authors: Bishnoi Anita , Kamat Nandini V.
Published: August 2023

Aim

The aim of the study was to develop new cephalometric angles TWM (T-Tuberculum sella, W-wing point, M-maxillary point) and TWG (T-Tuberculum sella, W-wing point, G point-center of mandibular symphysis) and to assess and evaluate the newly developed angles in determining the maxillary and mandibular sagittal position, respectively.

Materials and Methods

Ninety pretreatment lateral cephalograms from the records of Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics were traced and divided equally into three groups as class I, class II, and class III based on cephalometric values of ANB angle and WITS appraisal. Further for each radiograph, angles such as SNA, TWM, SNB, and TWG were measured and recorded. The TWM angle (Maxilla) was formed using the points T-Tuberculum sella, W-wing point, M-maxillary point, and the TWG angle (mandible) was formed using the points T-Tuberculum sella, W-wing point, G point-center of mandibular symphysis.

Results

The mean values of TWM and TWG angles for the class I group were 120.1°± 3.6° and 101.4 ± 3.7°, respectively. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used followed by Tukey post hoc testing to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference between the mean values of the three groups. A p value ≤ .05 was considered to be statistically significant. Pearson correlation test revealed a strong correlation between SNA and TWM angles and similarly between SNB and TWG angles.

Conclusion

The two new angles, TWM for maxilla and TWG for mandible established, can be used as an alternative for assessing the sagittal position of the jaw bases and will give a clearer picture, as stable and reproducible landmarks are used.
Music Therapy as Psychospiritual Process in Palliative Care
Authors: Salmon Deborah
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes a theoretical framework for understanding how music therapy elicits and supports depth experiences in palliative care. The author explores music therapy as a containing or sacred space in which ventures into the realm of psychospiritual awareness may safely occur. The ultimate goal is to facilitate the process of connecting to that which is psychologically and spiritually significant for the patient, thereby transforming experiences of suffering into those of meaning.
Learning to Strike in the Gig Economy: Mobilization Efforts by Food Delivery Workers in Hyderabad, India
Authors: Hussain Mohammad Sajjad
Published: August 2023

This article discusses protest efforts undertaken by platform-based food delivery workers during the first wave of the pandemic. Following the lockdown, food delivery platforms were categorized as ‘essential’ to ensure that their operations continued. Several changes were made during this time to hiring practices, platforms diversified into providing grocery services and incorporating safety protocols to enhance customer ‘confidence’ in their services. The article starts by showing how the pandemic helped to strengthen the platform’s position in the market on the backs of delivery partners’ who were reliant on platform work as a means of livelihood. Though publicly glorified as ‘superheroes’, their remunerations were slashed during the pandemic, triggering a series of strikes. Since June 2020, workers across several cities have resorted to protest the worsening conditions of work. It gives an ethnographic description of two strikes that took place in June and Sept 2020 in Hyderabad. It then compares these two strikes to discuss workers’ motivation or the lack of it to strike, the strike tactics used by them, as well as the responses of platform companies to the strike. I then focus on the structural and contingent factors which rendered worker’s bargaining power weaker, despite them being providers of ‘essential services’.
Off-platform Social Networks and Gig Work During the COVID-19 Pandemic in India
Authors: Ray Rajorshi , Sam Jillet Sarah
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted gig work in urban areas across India. In this article, we investigate the nature of responses from gig workers at a time of no or partial work. The platform studies literature has documented the role of on-platform networks in the accrual of value and creation of the gig work opportunities. Taking a cue from the economic sociology literature, specifically social reproduction theory, we examine the role of off-platform networks in enabling work during the pandemic in India. We draw on ethnographic fieldwork among ride-hailing and food-delivery app workers conducted in Kanpur and Kolkata between April 2020 and July 2021. Our findings show that during the pandemic, platform workers turned to four kinds of networks for monetary and non-monetary support: household members, dispersed kinship ties, neighbourhood networks and work-related ties. We argue that despite the individual strategies visible on the surface, these personal networks served as an essential infrastructure to sustain platform-based service work. We use social reproduction theory to understand how off-platform networks were vital for reproducing the gig worker as well as for the generation of value for platforms.
Global Cities and Local Communities: The Cases of New York and London
Authors: Fainstein Susan S.
Published: August 2023

London and New York used their pre-eminence as the world's leading locations for securities and money markets to capture much of the growth in the financial and advanced services industries during the 1980s. In neither place, however, were the governing bodies confident that economic growth would proceed without public sector assistance. Consequently they introduced policies to stimulate large-scale production of office space. Their intervention reinforced speculative tendencies of the period, thereby heightening the intensity of the ensuring downturn and exacerbating the unevenness of what prosperity did occur. Instead they could have employed more progressive policies that would have relied on public-sector-dominated partnerships. Although such policies would involve the entrepreneurial approaches of present strategies, they could operate within the context of a value framework aimed more at the non-profit sector and directed at achieving greater equity.
The Planning Mind – The Spirit of Japan's Political Economy
Authors: Sheridan Kyoko
Published: August 2023

From the mid 1940s Japan's economy was transformed from semi-industrialised to a modern industrial state. In that time the economic drive was supported by almost thirty years of high growth and was then maintained through the subsequent steady growth environment following the oil crisis in 1972. But now in 1995 the economy is struggling to restore its once well defined purpose and closely sustained vitality.

There is pressure at home for Japan to deregulate and withdraw its public planning in favour of entrepreneurial spirits that some see as the only force able to lead the economy to the next stage of expansion. Abroad, there are similar pressures aiming to penetrate Japan's affluent market by reducing the government's influence in economic planning.

With such conjectures I interviewed 71 selected senior officers from the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) in Tokyo over the period from 1991 to 1993. I wanted to understand their own views on economic planning and reveal the intricacies of the ‘planning mind'. My analysis of the interviews is still in progress. However, I can report that the planning mind (at least in MITI) is still intact. It is searching for a new direction with the scope to make it effective in the changing policy environment. MITI officials are still searching for ways to maintain economic dynamism and growth, but MITI's traditional industry structure policy is being replaced with a new focus on restructuring norms across all aspects of life. The issues of the improvement of quality of life and creating wealth have become central to the well organised work process.
Integration of Digital Pedagogy and Development of Holistic Learning Ecosystem for Students: The Teachers’ Perspective
Authors: Shaikh Zakira
Published: August 2023

Integration of digitalization in education has become the need of the hour. The emergence of technology has posed several challenges to the entire education system, especially teachers who are direct contact point for the students. Pandemic is another key reason for education to blend digitalization. Digitalization in education has changed the way teachers perceive the entire system of teaching and learning pedagogy. Current study aims towards identifying and analyzing teachers’ perception towards digital pedagogy and their inputs in making the teaching, learning and evaluation process robust and constructive. A sample size for the study is 15 teachers’ who are part of higher education. Descriptive analysis is done and 5-point likert scale is used to understand teachers’ perception towards digital pedagogy and its effectiveness to the students. The study indicates that digital pedagogy if used precisely can act as an effective mechanism in enhancing the critical and analytical thinking of the students.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Adolescents’ Mental Health in Catalonia (Spain): A Qualitative Study
Authors: Aguayo-González Mariela , Leyva-Moral Juan M. , Giménez-Diéz David , Colom-Cadena Andreu , Martínez Isabel , Watson Carolina , Bordas Anna , Casabona Jordi , Folch Cinta
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to understand the experiences of adolescents regarding the perceived impact of COVID-19 on their mental health in Catalonia (Spain). A qualitative exploratory methodology was used with a purposive sample of 30 high-school students regarding their experiences of the self-perceived impact of COVID-19 on their mental health. Data were thematically analyzed using Braun and Clarke method. Three main themes emerged from the data: (a) the challenge of living confined, (b) the footprint of COVID-19 on adolescents’ mental health, and (c) school dynamics during the lockdown. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted adolescents’ mental health, and adolescents perceived a lack of emotional support from educational centers. Therefore, incorporating emotional support in educational centers and offering emotional self-management tools to young students should be a priority. School nurses can play an essential role in recognizing and managing emotional needs and being the natural link between educational and primary care centers.
Feasibility of OptiMaL, a Self-Management Programme for Oesophageal Cancer Survivors
Authors: King Eilish , Algeo Naomi , Connolly Deirdre
Published: August 2023

Introduction

There is limited availability of self-management interventions for oesophageal cancer survivors at present. This study examined the feasibility of OptiMal, a six-week, self-management programme to improve fatigue, mood and health-related quality of life for oesophageal cancer survivors.

Methods

A mixed methods design was used to evaluate the feasibility of OptiMal. The quantitative arm of the study examined changes in the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the EQ-5D-3L, administered prior to OptiMal (T1), immediately following completion of OptiMal (T2), and three months following completion (T3). Qualitative inquiry in the study was guided by a qualitative descriptive approach through focus groups investigating the experiences of group participants, and individual semi-structured interviews at T3. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Two OptiMal programmes were delivered over a six-month period with a total of fourteen individuals who had finished treatment for oesophageal cancer. The attendance rate was 89.3%. Statistically significant reductions were observed in fatigue, difficulty performing usual activities, anxiety and depression at three-month follow-up. Qualitative findings identified acceptability of the content and delivery format of OptiMal. Participants reported applying self-management strategies acquired through OptiMal to increase participation in daily activities and improve their health and well-being.

Conclusions

This feasibility study yielded promising results in terms of self-management outcomes for oesophageal cancer survivors following attendance of OptiMal. Larger scale research studies with control groups are warranted to examine the outcomes in a robust manner.
A Comprehensive Analysis of the PI3K/AKT Pathway: Unveiling Key Proteins and Therapeutic Targets for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Fadhal Emad
Published: August 2023

Background:

Cancer development and progression involve a complex network of pathways among which certain pathways play a pivotal role in promoting tumor growth and survival. An important pathway in this context is the PI3K/AKT pathway, which regulates crucial cellular processes including proliferation, viability, and metabolic regulation. Dysregulation of this pathway has been strongly linked to the development of various types of cancers. Consequently, it is imperative to identify the key proteins within this pathway as potential targets for impeding cancer cell proliferation and survival.

Results:

One of the key findings of this study was the identification of signaling proteins that dominate various forms of PI3K/Akt pathway. Furthermore, proteins play critical roles in cancer networks, acting as oncogenes that promote cancer development or as tumor suppressor genes that inhibit tumor growth. This study identified several genes, including KIT, ERBB2, PDGFRA, MET, FGFR2, and FGFR3, which are involved in various types of the PI3K/Akt pathways. Additionally, this study identified 55 proteins that are commonly found in various forms of PI3K/Akt, and these proteins play crucial roles in regulating various biological functions.

Conclusions:

This study highlights the importance of identifying key proteins involved in the PI3K/AKT pathway. In this study, we identified several genes involved in different pathways that play essential roles in the activation, signaling, and regulation of the pathway. Understanding the proteins participating in the PI3K/AKT pathway is vital for the development of targeted therapies, not only for cancer but also for other related diseases. By elucidating their roles and functions, this study contributes to the advancement of knowledge in the field and paves the way for the development of effective treatments targeting this pathway.
It is Not ‘Indoctrination’ That Leads to the Lack of Debate, But the Lack of Debate that Leads to Indoctrination – A Comment on ‘Indoctrination in Introduction to Psychology’ by Jared Bartels
Authors: Hayes Dennis
Published: August 2023

Bartels gives some good examples of ‘liberal’ or ‘left-wing’ bias in introductory textbooks and suggests that one of the ways to ameliorate this is to adopt a more heterodox approach. This comment suggests that to achieve this very desirable end that psychologists need to look critically at the philosophical assumptions which influence their professional thinking. They must ask, ‘What is our concept of a human being?’ otherwise they will unthinkingly reflect the philosophical assumptions of victimhood culture that see human beings as diminished, vulnerable individuals.
Phantom Limb Pain and Painful Neuroma After Dysvascular Lower-Extremity Amputation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Langeveld Mirte , Bosman Romy , Hundepool Caroline A. , Duraku Liron S. , McGhee Christopher , Zuidam J. Michiel , Barker Tom , Juszczak Maciej , Power Dominic M.
Published: August 2023

Background

Phantom limb pain (PLP) and symptomatic neuroma can be debilitating and significantly impact the quality of life of amputees. However, the prevalence of PLP and symptomatic neuromas in patients following dysvascular lower limb amputation (LLA) has not been reliably established. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the prevalence and incidence of phantom limb pain and symptomatic neuroma after dysvascular LLA.

Methods

Four databases (Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science) were searched on October 5th, 2022. Prospective or retrospective observational cohort studies or cross-sectional studies reporting either the prevalence or incidence of phantom limb pain and/or symptomatic neuroma following dysvascular LLA were identified. Two reviewers independently conducted the screening, data extraction, and the risk of bias assessment according to the PRISMA guidelines. To estimate the prevalence of phantom limb pain, a meta-analysis using a random effects model was performed.

Results

Twelve articles were included in the quantitative analysis, including 1924 amputees. A meta-analysis demonstrated that 69% of patients after dysvascular LLA experience phantom limb pain (95% CI 53-86%). The reported pain intensity on a scale from 0-10 in LLA patients ranged between 2.3 ± 1.4 and 5.5 ± .7. A single study reported an incidence of symptomatic neuroma following dysvascular LLA of 5%.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis demonstrates the high prevalence of phantom limb pain after dysvascular LLA. Given the often prolonged and disabling nature of neuropathic pain and the difficulties managing it, more consideration needs to be given to strategies to prevent it at the time of amputation.
Case Report of Lifestyle Management of a Complex Patient With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, and Multiple Co-Morbidities
Authors: Aman Iram , Bidwell Josie H.
Published: August 2023

Objective: This case report depicts the application of lifestyle medicine to an adult, non-Hispanic, African American patient in their late 40s, with poorly controlled hypertension and associated co-morbidities of obesity, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), depression and multiple degenerative joint disease (DJD). The patient was managed via telehealth for 1 year. Background: Chronic diseases are major risks to population health. Among these, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension are the most prevalent. United States (U.S.) prevalence estimates 34.2 million (10.5%) people of all ages are diagnosed diabetes cases and 7.3 million (2.8%) adults met diagnostic criteria but are but are not formally diagnosed. As such, diabetes ranked eighth for U.S all-cause mortality. The incidence of diabetes varied across the country from 1.2 to 46.2 per 1000 persons in 2016. Among these, 89.0% were overweight or obese, 38.0% were physically inactive and 68.4% were reported with a blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or above. In 2017, the total cost of diagnosed diabetes was calculated at 327 billion dollars. In 2019, Hypertension (HTN) was reported as a primary or contributing cause in more than half a million deaths in the U.S. In the U.S. the HTN prevalence is 47%, or 116 million. Blood pressure (BP) control is higher among non-Hispanic white adults (32%) than non-Hispanic black adults (25%), non-Hispanic Asian adults (19%), or Hispanic adults (25%). Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for cardiometabolic disease. This especially appears true with less active to non-active lifestyles of this modern century where people tend to eat more easily accessible, unhealthy and processed food. Pandemic isolation has further enhanced people’s sedentary lifestyle. An answer for many of these issues is behavioral lifestyle modification. Lifestyle management is a flexible and a multi-focused approach program based on detecting individual health risks, barriers, and goal development through motivational interviewing and clinical coaching.
Alcohol and Tobacco Use Among Lesbian, Bisexual, and Queer Identifying Women: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study Protocol
Authors: Grant Ruby , Mooney-Somers Julie , Power Jen , McNair Ruth , Pennay Amy , Jones Jami , Bourne Adam
Published: August 2023

Background: Lesbian, bisexual, and queer (LBQ) women exhibit high rates of alcohol and tobacco use, yet there is limited qualitative research examining why. Previous research has focused on minority stress explanations, linking alcohol and tobacco use to experiences of discrimination. However, other work considers the social contexts and cultural practices associated with alcohol and tobacco consumption. This confirms the need for more in-depth understandings of LBQ women’s lived experiences in a contemporary Australian context. Aims: To address gaps in existing research, this project aims to develop a more nuanced contemporaneous theorising of what alcohol and tobacco mean to LBQ women in Australia. Drawing on feminist and critical drugs studies, this research will examine the complexities of alcohol and tobacco in LBQ women’s lives, including how patterns of use change over time. We will also critically consider how LBQ women understand risk in relation to these substances, including factors leading to harm reduction and help-seeking. Method: We will employ a longitudinal qualitative approach to explore LBQ women’s experiences over time, including three waves of semi-structured interviews and participant photography. We aim to recruit approximately 60 women in Victoria and New South Wales. Interview and visual data will be analysed using a range of narrative and thematic techniques. Conclusion: This study seeks to explore the complexities of individual experiences with alcohol and tobacco use, including pleasure and support-seeking, and to provide a nuanced understanding of the cultural dimensions of use that may change over time. In doing so, we propose a shift from deficit approaches to LBQ women’s substance use towards more meaningful strengths-based engagement with the function of substances for LBQ women. Findings will be significant in their contribution to the current understandings of substance use patterns among LBQ women and the implications for harm reduction and health interventions.
2023 GEIS Guidelines for gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Serrano César , Martín-Broto Javier , Asencio-Pascual José Manuel , López-Guerrero José Antonio , Rubió-Casadevall Jordi , Bagué Silvia , García-del-Muro Xavier , Fernández-Hernández Juan Ángel , Herrero Luís , López-Pousa Antonio , Poveda Andrés , Martínez-Marín Virginia
Published: August 2023

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin. GIST spans a wide clinical spectrum that ranges from tumors with essentially no metastatic potential to malignant and life-threatening spread diseases. Gain-of-function mutations in KIT or PDGFRA receptor tyrosine kinases are the crucial drivers of most GISTs, responsible for tumor initiation and evolution throughout the entire course of the disease. The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting these receptors has substantially improved the outcomes in this formerly chemoresistant cancer. As of today, five agents hold regulatory approval for the treatment of GIST: imatinib, sunitinib, regorafenib, ripretinib, and avapritinib. This, in turn, represents a success for a rare neoplasm. During the past two decades, GIST has become a paradigmatic model in cancer for multidisciplinary work, given the disease-specific particularities regarding tumor biology and tumor evolution. Herein, we review currently available evidence for the management of GIST. This clinical practice guideline has been developed by a multidisciplinary expert panel (oncologist, pathologist, surgeon, molecular biologist, radiologist, and representative of patients’ advocacy groups) from the Spanish Group for Sarcoma Research, and it is conceived to provide, from a critical perspective, the standard approach for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.
Bilateral osteochondritis dissecans of the knee in pediatric and adolescent patients presenting with unilateral symptoms: An epidemiological and radiographic analysis
Authors: Yellin Joseph L , Tysklind Robert G , Hussain Zaamin B , Zheng Evan T , Heyworth Benton E , Kocher Mininder S
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

This study aims to determine the prevalence and characteristics of bilateral osteochondritis dissecans of the knee in patients presenting with unilateral symptoms and compare this cohort to patients with unilateral disease.

Methods:

Records of patients ≤18 years old from 2003 to 2016 with a diagnosis of osteochondritis dissecans of the knee and strictly unilateral knee pain were identified. Contralateral (asymptomatic) knee imaging within 1 year of initial presentation was required. Lesion characteristics were evaluated by assessing size, location, and Hefti staging. Both surgical and nonoperative treatments were recorded. Patients with unilateral osteochondritis dissecans were compared to those with bilateral disease.

Results:

Eighty patients, 63 males (79%) and 17 females (21%), with an average age of 13.1 years old, were included. Twenty (25%) of the presenting/symptomatic lesions were deemed stable on magnetic resonance imaging. A positive correlation between lesion size and Hefti classification was appreciated. Twelve patients (15%) were found to have bilateral osteochondritis dissecans on contralateral imaging. There was no significant difference in skeletal maturity between patients with bilateral versus unilateral disease. Fifty-two patients (77%) with unilateral disease underwent surgical intervention, while 9 (75%) of those with bilateral disease underwent surgery on either knee. In patients with an asymptomatic contralateral lesion, 67% ultimately underwent surgical intervention on the contralateral knee.

Conclusions:

In patients presenting with unilateral osteochondritis dissecans symptoms, there was a 15% prevalence of bilateral disease, with no difference in age, sex, physeal status, or lesion characteristics between patients with unilateral vs bilateral osteochondritis dissecans lesions. Given the prevalence of asymptomatic contralateral lesions and the required intervention, this study supports early bilateral radiologic knee evaluation.

Level of evidence:

IV, Retrospective Case series.