bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilizing Brief Therapy Principles in Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Schultz Jared C. , Ososkie Joseph N.
Published: June 2019

This paper discusses the use of brief therapy principles in rehabilitation counseling. Rehabilitation counseling currently lacks a universal method of service delivery, due to the extreme diversity of consumers served, and the settings in which they are served. The basic principles that are common to all forms of brief therapy (specific problem focus, time limits, and task performance) offer a method of counseling that is applicable to all consumers in most settings. A review of the brief therapy literature is discussed with an emphasis on how this form of counseling is appropriate to assist individuals with disabilities progress in the areas of disability minimization, skill acquisition, environment manipulation, and the achievement of life goals.
DSM-IV as an Information Resource in Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Davis Alan
Published: June 2019

The DSM-IV is the most widely used source of diagnostic information pertaining to psychiatric disorders. The value of the DSM-IV in diagnosis, case management, and counselor education has been thoroughly documented. Despite the fact that psychiatric disabilities are represented in the field of vocational rehabilitation in growing numbers, applications of the DSM-IV in rehabilitation counseling have been slow to develop. This article illustrates important potential contributions of the DSM-IV in rehabilitation counseling, including conceptual structure for determining rehabilitation eligibility and needs, information necessary for diagnosis of co-existing disabilities, and insights into the developmental needs of consumers.
Societal Attitudes and the Civil Rights of Persons With Disabilities
Authors: Moore Corey L. , Feist-Price Sonja
Published: June 2019

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) are evidence of the progress, in relation to civil rights, made in the disability public policy arena. Similarly, much progress has been made in changing negative attitudes that sometimes prevail in the organizational workforce. Although much progress has been made for persons with disabilities, there remains much work to be accomplished. An abundance of concerns have recently surfaced regarding whether the previously noted legislation effectively address the rights of persons with disabilities in the organizational workforce. In light of recent concerns, the authors advocate the minority group model as a catalyst for creating public policy that will effectively address the rights of persons with disabilities. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to support the hypothesis that the organizational workforce's perception of persons with disabilities as a minority group will change societal attitudes resulting in a more progressive public policy.
Quality of Life as Defined by Chinese Americans with Disabilities: Implications for Rehabilitation Services
Authors: Hampton Nan Zhang , Chang Vickie
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore dimensions of quality of life (QOL) perceived by Chinese Americans with disabilities with reference to improve vocational rehabilitation services to this group. Forty-three Chinese Americans/immigrants with physical disabilities participated in the study. A focus group technique was used to collect data. The participants identified the following nine dimensions of QOL: (1) contributing to society; (2) self-reliance; (3) enjoying the same rights as
others; (4) not having to worry about food, clothing, housing, and transportation; (5) physical health; (6) emotional health; (7) relationships; (8) individual safety; and (9) stability and prosperity of the nation. Participants also defined six problems that prevented them from living a good life. Implications of the results for rehabilitation counselors and researchers are discussed in light of the impact of Chinese culture and immigration on the QOL of Chinese Americans/immigrants with disabilities.
Counseling for Diversity: Application of the House Model of Social Stress
Authors: Kampfe Charlene M. , Dennis David J.
Published: June 2019

The House model of social stress is used to describe the potential for variation among people in the same ethnic or cultural group because of the complex interaction among variables in people's lives. A case study of a Native American with a severe hearing loss is presented to illustrate concepts associated with the model.
Characteristics of Diversity and Aging: Implications for Assessment
Authors: Smith S. Mae , Kampfe Charlene M.
Published: June 2019

Consider diversity exists among older persons on the following variables: personality development, age-cohort effects, age, functional level, gender and race, family constellations, employment and education. While diversity appears to increase within the older population as age advances for all other variables reviewed, diversity decreases with age for gender and race. Assessment with older persons need to be designed individually, and with awareness both of the possible inappropriate expectations and generalizations of the assessor as well as of the pervasive individuality of the older population.
Implementing the Empowerment Concept in Rehabilitation: Contributions of Social Role Theory
Authors: Houser Rick , Hampton Nan Zhang , Carriker Christine
Published: June 2019

The field of rehabilitation has attempted to identify theories which can be used in practice. Several recent examples of theories or concepts include normalization and empowerment. Most recently empowerment has been a major emphasis in the provision of rehabilitation services. This paper involved a review of the empowerment concept and a caution in the overgeneralization of the concept into practice. In order to interpret and apply empowerment most effectively it is suggested that rehabilitation counselors concurrently use Social Role Theory. We discuss the major components of Social Role Theory and how the theory and concepts can be applied with specific disability groups and rehabilitation programs. This is done to illustrate the relevance of interconnecting the theory and concept of empowerment and Social Role Theory.
Psychosocial Adaptation to Spinal Cord Injury: The Role of Coping Strategies
Authors: Livneh Hanoch
Published: June 2019

This paper reviews the literature on the role played by coping efforts in fostering psychosocial adaptation to spinal cord injury. Following an introductory discussion of coping in general, and coping with chronic illnesses and disabilities more specifically, the review focuses on the research literature (1980-1999) regarding coping with spinal cord injuries. The paper continues with a summary of findings based on over 30 empirical studies focusing on coping with this disability. Among the prominent findings are: (a) more successful psychosocial adaptation is generally associated with higher levels of ego strength and internal locus of control; and (b) better adaptation is positively related to adoption of problem-focusing and seeking social support, and negatively related to wish-fulfilling fantasy and alcohol/drug abuse. The paper concludes by providing the reader with rehabilitation-related clinical and research implications
Interrater Reliability of the Career Ability Placement Survey (CAPS)
Authors: Lopez Michael N. , Charter Richard A. , Guirguis Mina M. , Schelling Brian J.
Published: June 2019

The interrater reliability for three raters scoring the Career Ability Placement Survey (CAPS) was measured using results from 35 vocational rehabilitation patients and 23 volunteers. The Manual Speed and Dexterity (MSD) subtest, which requires a great deal of qualitative judgement in its scoring, had excellent interrater reliabilities for three raters (.9839), two raters (.9760), and one rater (.9531). Therefore, the judgmental scoring of the MSD subtest does not interfere with the interpretation and clinical usefulness of the CAPS.
Locus of Control Orientation and Acceptance of Disability
Authors: Martz Erin , Livneh Hanoch , Turpin Joseph
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine if differences existed in acceptance of disability scores between individuals with internal locus of control and external locus of control orientations. Ninety-seven out of 200 randomly-chosen participants with disabilities from a southern California community college completed the Reactions to Impairment and Disability Inventory (RIDI), Rotter's I-E Locus of Control Scale, and a demographic profile sheet. Acceptance of disability was defined as both acknowledgment and adjustment to a disability. Adjustment scores were found to be higher among those with an internal locus of control orientation but only among participants with mental/psychiatric disabilities. Also, differences in adjustment scores were found to be influenced by the domain of locus of control items. Implications for theory and research are briefly suggested.
Editorial: Is a Specialty in Psychiatric Rehabilitation Really Needed?
Authors: Chubon Rober A.
Published: June 2019

Questions are raised about the need for, and impact of developing specialized training programs in psychiatric rehabilitation. It is suggested that the alternative of bolstering basic rehabilitation counselor education courses might be preferable.
Collaboration in Developing a Specialty in Psychiatric Rehabilitation
Authors: Kress-Shull Manuela K.
Published: June 2019

Collaboration between a rehabilitation counseling training program and state departments of mental health and vocational rehabilitation which resulted in the development of a rehabilitation counseling program with a specialization in psychiatric rehabilitation is presented. Steps taken to develop a new faculty position, obtain grant funding, and add appropriate course work, are outlined. Continued challenges and benefits of this joint venture are described.
Integrated Service Teams in Psychiatric Rehabilitation: A Strategy for Improving Employment Outcomes and Increasing Funding
Authors: Reed Stephanie J. , Merz Mary Ann
Published: June 2019

As best practices in psychiatric rehabilitation call for integrated mental health and vocational services, the financial climate demands creative use of multiple funding streams. Rehabilitation providers are faced with the essential challenge of developing systems to efficiently meet complex service needs with complex funding mechanisms. Independence Center, a clubhouse model psychiatric rehabilitation program in St. Louis, Missouri, has implemented a new team approach, which involves cross-training all program staff to facilitate the integration of mental health and vocational services. The goal of this system redesign was to create teams of staff and members that together provide a broad range of services, including intensive community support/case management, psychosocial rehabilitation, peer support, transitional employment, job development, and long-term employment supports. Benefits and challenges to practitioners and consumers in the new structure are described. Initial outcomes are presented along with recommendations for improving service quality and optimizing use of funding sources.
Investigating Postsecondary Staff Knowledge of Students with Disabilities Using a Web-based Survey
Authors: Sheppard-Jones Kathleen , Krampe Kristina M. , Danner Fred , Berdine William H.
Published: June 2019

Students with physical and learning disabilities are choosing to continue their education beyond high school in ever increasing numbers. The quality of education received by these students can be impacted by the knowledge and responsiveness of their postsecondary institution to disability issues. A Web-based survey was conducted at one southeastern land grant university to ascertain: current knowledge levels of eight general disability topics relevant to higher education; ability to obtain services when needed; and day-to-day experiences staff have with people with disabilities. A total of 2130 staff (11 .4% of the total staff employed by the university) representing administrators, instructional employees, and auxiliary services participated in the survey. Results indicate staff have some basic knowledge but may lack access to specific resources when needed. Limitations of this survey methodology are discussed, as well as implications for rehabilitation professionals and researchers interested in Web-base surveying techniques that will build upon this study.
Rehabilitation Counselor Self-Reported Levels of Job Satisfaction, Self-Esteem, and Attitudes Toward Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Garske Gregory G.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate the levels of job satisfaction, self-esteem, and attitudes toward persons with disabilities of rehabilitation counselors. High ratings were found in all areas, with two exceptions. Regarding job satisfaction, the motivation factor (advancement opportunity) and the hygiene factor (salary) proved to be major sources of dissatisfaction. The study underscores the importance of administrator and supervisor understanding of service provider motivation and behavior in rehabilitation settings.
Work-Related Skills Awareness in High-School Students with Diabilities
Authors: Capella Michele E. , Roessler Richard T. , Hemmerla Karl M.
Published: June 2019

This study investigated the work-related skills awareness levels of high school students with disabilities by comparing expert ratings and student self-report ratings. This issue is considered important because (a) evidence indicates that lack of awareness is associated with poor employment outcomes and (b) young persons with disabilities are known to experience employment difficulties. Substantial deficits in awareness were found, with the majority of students overestimating their abilities, as hypothesized. In addition, students perceived by adult raters as having greater employability assets tended to be more accurate in their work-related skills awareness. Suggestions for interventions and future research needed in this area are included.
Self-Management and Social Skills Training for Persons with Developmental Disabilities: Tools for the Rehabilitation Counselor To Facilitate Success in Community Settings: A Literature Review
Authors: Anctil Tina M. , Degeneffe Charles Edmund
Published: June 2019

People with developmental disabilities often display deficiencies in self-management and social skills in community based settings. Difficulties with self-management and social skills tend to pose particular difficulties for performing valued adult roles. Tools from behavior therapy have the potential to assist rehabilitation counselors in their work with consumers with developmental disabilities to overcome the negative impacts of functional limitations on expressing behaviors needed for success in community-based settings. This article presents a review of the behavior therapy literature regarding self-management and social skills training techniques rehabilitation counselors can use in their work with consumers with developmental disabilities in areas including high school transition and supported employment.
What We Know about Preventing and Managing Coworker Resentment or Rejection
Authors: Hagner David
Published: June 2019

Although coworker acceptance of individuals with disabilities in the workplace has been overwhelmingly positive, some instances of coworker rejection and resentment have been reported. This article reviews the existing literature on the extent of the problem and on the possible explanations for such negative behavior. Rehabilitation counseling strategies are outlined that can help minimize the occurrence of coworker resentment or rejection and that can intervene to mitigate or manage negative behavior directed towards the employer should it occur. Interventions include both those directed towards employees with disabilities and those directed towards the employer.
Using Locus of Control to Improve Self-Determination and Outcomes for Consumers with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Skinner Amy L.
Published: June 2019

Vocational rehabilitation, consumer empowerment, and self-determination are key factors in the underlying philosophy of rehabilitation today, and a major emphasis in the provision of rehabilitation services. Consumers with learning disabilities face several specific obstacles in achieving desired rehabilitation goals. In order to provide rehabilitation counselors with a unique resource to help their clients assume control of their own rehabilitation plan, social learning theory and locus of control are examined. Specifically, two locus of control instruments are suggested for use with rehabilitation consumers who have learning disabilities. One instrument, the Academic Locus of Control Scale (ALOC; Trice, 1985) is appropriate for college-bound individuals, and the Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Locus of Control Scale (ANS-IE; Nowicki & Duke, 1982) is appropriate for non-college bound individuals. The purpose of this article is to provide the rehabilitation counselor with a tool that can help connect the consumer's control of their rehabilitation plan to their perceptions of everyday events. This tool may help stimulate and maintain an internal locus of control by challenging inaccurate perceptions of control consumers may have toward commonly occurring events.
Empirically Derived Life Skill Factors for Program Evaluation in Rehabilitation
Authors: Chan Fang , Rubin Stanford E. , Lee Gloria , Pruett Steven R.
Published: June 2019

Life skills can be viewed as those skills considered essential for effective living. Therefore, significant deficiencies in life skills (e.g., use of public transportation) as well as deficiencies in vocational skills must be addressed through rehabilitation services if desired vocational rehabilitation goals are to be achieved. Consequently, assessment of pre to post changes in the life skills of consumers of rehabilitation services can be viewed as a relevant component of any rehabilitation program evaluation model. This paper reported the development of the Life Skills Inventory (LSI) as one component measure of a multidimensional program evaluation system. Factor analysis results indicated a five-factor solution for the LSI (general employability skills, work-related communication skills, self-direction skills, work tolerance skills, and self-care skills) to be optimal both in terms of parsimony and interpretability, providing empirical evidence for its factorial structure. Cluster analysis, to identify clusters of participants on the basis of their mean item scores on each of the LSI factors, revealed three different subgroup LSI profiles. These groups were subsequently compared on their self-reported quality of life in order to further investigate the construct validity of the LSI. Applications of the LSI within the framework of a multidimensional program evaluation system were discussed.
Homelessness and People with Affective Disorders and other Mental Illnesses
Authors: Steinhaus Douglas A. , Harley Debra A. , Rogers Jackie
Published: June 2019

Homelessness is defined as lacking a fixed, regular and adequate night-time residence (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2002). Many people met this definition in the United States and throughout the world. A significant percentage of this population also reports some level of mental health problem including mood disorders. Mood disorders, or affective disorders, are defined as psychopathologic conditions in which a pervasive disturbance of mood constitutes the core manifestation (Berkow, 1992). This article discusses existing services and issues to aid persons who are homeless and have a mental disorder.
Prediction of Vocational Outcomes for Workers' Compensation Claimants with Back Injury
Authors: Blackwell Terry L. , Leierer Stephen J. , Haupt Stephanie S. , Kampitsis Angeliki , Wolfson Jennie R.
Published: June 2019

This is a retrospective study that examined predictor variables for postinjury employment outcome of workers' compensation claimants with back injury. Vocational status (returned to work, not returned to work) was used to reflect employment outcome. Using a binary stepwise logistical regression analysis, we found that education, age, physical demands of the job at injury, and mandated vocational rehabilitation independently added information that enhanced the ability to predict claimants who would return to work. The findings support the position that providers of vocational rehabilitation services must be aware of the influence specific demographic and vocational factors may have on employment outcomes for workers' compensation claimants with back injury.
Variables Relating to Employment Outcome in Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Schonbrun Staci L. , Kampfe Charlene M.
Published: June 2019

This article was designed to consolidate literature (1991 to present) regarding the relationship between a variety of independent variables and employment outcome following traumatic brain injury. Of the sixteen articles reviewed, researchers most frequently examined the relationships of the following variables to employment: education, age, and severity measures. Somewhat less frequently, studies were identified that examined verbal measures, gender, DRS scores, marital status, Performance IQ and race, in descending order. We have attempted to show how research can be applied to assessment and vocational planning in rehabilitation settings and have suggested that the current article serve as a catalyst for further research.
The Mini-Mental Status Examination: A Screening Tool for Rehabilitation Counselors and Vocational Evaluators
Authors: DeVinney David J. , Tansey Timothy N. , Ferrin James M. , Pruett Steven R.
Published: June 2019

With an aging workforce, the likelihood of persons applying for services with undiagnosed dementias or other substantial cognitive impairments are likely to increase. Identifying persons that may require additional evaluation prior to plan development will promote individual plans for employment that are consistent with individual needs. The focus of this article is to explain the benefits of incorporating the assessment of mental status into vocational evaluation systems. Specifically, the authors describe the benefits of using the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) in rehabilitation counseling and vocational evaluation. Suggestions as to how to incorporate this assessment instrument into rehabilitation services and the psychometric properties of the MMSE are reviewed.
Psychiatric Rehabilitation Course Content in Rehabilitation Counseling Programs
Authors: Accordino Michael P. , McReynolds Connie J. , Sedam Chad R.
Published: June 2019

The number and level of psychiatric counseling training programs in 47 CORE-accredited programs across the country was examined in this study. Approximately 85% of the programs surveyed thought that graduates should provide information to consumers about the psychiatric rehabilitation process. With respect to an introductory course in psychiatric rehabilitation, sample results indicated that 40% programs offered a course, 36% offered related partial course content, and 19% offered no course or content at all. Results of studies indicate a need for more psychiatric counseling content. Suggestions are given to enable the inclusion of psychiatric rehabilitation content into existing rehabilitation counseling programs.
Recovery from Psychiatric Disabilities
Authors: Nemec Patricia B. , Gagne Cheryl
Published: June 2019

Although researchers and policy-makers now recognize that people do recover from psychiatric disabilities, direct service providers still know little about factors that influence recovery, and often lack the knowledge and skill to facilitate the recovery process. This article reviews the recent research on recovery and presents implications for practice in vocational rehabilitation.
Predictors of Employment Outcomes for Persons with Disabilities: An Integrative Review of Potential Evidenced-based Factors
Authors: Saunders Jodi L. , Leahy Michael J. , McGlynn Charlotte , Estrada-Hernández Noel
Published: June 2019

For years rehabilitation researchers have been investigating variables related to the employment outcomes of people with disabilities. The result has been hundreds of studies with varying results. The purpose of this study was to review and compile the results of nearly a quarter century of rehabilitation research examining the employment outcomes of people with disabilities. One hundred and eighteen published studies were selected that investigated nearly 200 independent variables in relation to employment outcomes of persons with disabilities. Studies were classified into eight non-exclusive categories of independent variable groupings. that were labeled (1) Client (consumer); (2) Counselor; (3) MedicalIJunctional; (4) Work Environment; (5) Measures; (6) Program Interventions; (7) Services; and, (8) Financial. A review and compilation of these results, in addition to a discussion of implications, recommendations, and limitations is provided within the context of the need for evidenced-based practice in rehabilitation counseling and knowledge translation approaches in rehabilitation research.
Demand-side Workforce Needs and the Potential for Job Customization
Authors: Luecking Richard G. , Cuozzo Lisa , Buchanan La Verne
Published: June 2019

This article discusses the utility of a demand-side approach in rehabilitation practice and how this approach is illustrated by customized employment. Customized employment refers to the identification and negotiation of carved, re-structured or created tasks in a workplace that can be performed by an individual with a significant disability, and that simultaneously meet a specific operational need of the employer. This article presents an operational framework for a demand-side job development approach and relates it to strategies that result in customized job placements. A preliminary evaluation of one local project's implementation of this approach, as applied to employers hiring people considered to have significant disabilities, shows that employers are willing and able to customize their work assignments, especially if direct benefit to their operation can be demonstrated. The implications for rehabilitation practice and job development are discussed.
Gender, Race, and Depressive/Mood Disorders: An Analyses of State-Federal Rehabilitation Outcomes
Authors: Schaller James , Yang Nancy K.
Published: June 2019

Differences in rates of case closure, case service cost, hours worked, and earnings per week for White and African American males and females, aged 18 to 60 years with depressive/mood disorders were examined using the Rehabilitation Service Administration data base of 2004. Using Chi-square analyses, White females had statistically significantly higher successful case closure rates than did African American males and females. Using analyses of variance and post-hoc Scheffe tests, White and African American males had statistically significantly higher mean earnings per week than did White and African American females. African American females had statistically significantly lower mean case service costs than did White males and females. Implications for rehabilitation professionals and for future research on outcomes with consumers with depressive/mood disorders are provided.
Consortia for Future Leadership: Student Perspectives
Authors: Wilson Michael G. , Carvalho Marcela , Alvarez Ariadna Patricia E.
Published: June 2019

This article focuses on the perspectives of three students who took part in a student exchange program between Brazilian and American universities. The program focused on expanding human resources to increase the social inclusion of persons with disabilities in both countries. The students provide an overview of lessons learned from their experiences and a description of how they have applied those lessons in their respective countries. The students also discuss the challenges in applying rehabilitation counseling practices across cultures. Finally, the students discuss the role of international student exchange programs in strengthening rehabilitation practice across countries.
Formative Evaluation of the U.S. – Brazil Student Exchange Program: Methods, Findings, and Implications
Authors: Ruedel Kristin , McInerney Maurice
Published: June 2019

This article describes the formative evaluation of the Consortia for Future Leadership and Human Resources for the Social Inclusion of People with Special Needs. Evaluation methods and results for the Consortia's second year of operation are presented. Pertinent findings include evidence that the Consortia is making continuous progress in achieving the major objectives for its cross-country student exchange in both the United States and Brazil. Furthermore, reported levels of satisfaction for participating university professors, community rehabilitation providers, and students in both countries were very high. Applications of these findings to improve the Consortia's student exchange as well as the implications of the evaluation for international rehabilitation counseling and education are discussed.
Addressing National Concerns through Supervision: The Role of the Rehabilitation Agency Supervisor
Authors: Schultz Jared C.
Published: June 2019

The field of Rehabilitation is faced with a number of critical issues at the national level. The rehabilitation agency supervisor is in a unique position to address these issues at the local level. This article examines the unique, complex, and challenging role that the supervisor has in addressing issues of recruitment and retention of qualified personnel, working within outcomes based framework of evaluation, and facilitating continuous learning and training within the rehabilitation agency. Specifically, supervisors benefit from an understanding of the developmental nature of the professional, issues surrounding professionalization and licensure, program evaluation, and professional centered training. The purpose of this article is to discuss these issues in more detail, and provide supervisors with ideas of how they can have an impact on national concerns at the practitioner level.
Rehabilitation Counseling Ethics
Authors: Reid Christine A. , McReynolds Connie J.
Published: June 2019

One of the hallmarks of a profession is attention to ethical standards; therefore, the purpose of this article is to increase awareness of current ethical issues related to Rehabilitation Counselingpractice, and to identify toolsfor addressing those issues in an ethically sound manner. Examples of ethical dilemmas involving disability in a counseling relationship are presented, and a review of literature related to ethics in this area is provided. An approach to addressing potentially hidden counselor bias and its effect on ethical decision-making processes is discussed.
Emerging Roles, Functions, Specialty Areas, and Employment Settings for Contemporary Rehabilitation Practice
Authors: Ethridge Glacia , Rodgers Roe A. , Fabian Ellen S.
Published: June 2019

Traditional rehabilitation counseling has focused primarily on serving persons with disabilities in state-federal agencies, using a specific skill set. In recent years, this focus has shifted from the traditional and often narrowed focus of rehabilitation counseling, to a more contemporary and broader scope of practice. This article attempts to summarize and discuss the new emerging roles and functions of rehabilitation counselors, new specialty areas, and new employment settings within the field. Conclusions and recommendations are also discussed.
Leadership in Rehabilitation Counseling: Considerations for the Future
Authors: Tansey Timothy N. , Garske Gregory G.
Published: June 2019

This paper reflects on the need to develop future leaders in rehabilitation organizations. Since the early beginnings of the rehabilitation profession in the United States, professional organizations have evolved, had great success, but have often run parallel to each other. Despite the numerous instances of professional organizations in rehabilitation counseling coming together for a common purpose, there has been a marked inability to maintain those collaborative efforts over time. Leaders in the future must find ways of recognizing the differences of the organizations and finding ways to see these challenges as potential opportunities that will allow the profession to move forward and grow. Recruiting and grooming creative leaders will be key.
Family and Culture: Using Autoethnography to Inform Rehabilitation Practice with Cancer Survivors
Authors: Marshall Catherine A.
Published: June 2019

Cancer survivorship calls for vocational rehabilitation to be available to individuals and also for services to be available to family members. This paper reviews the role of the family in a cancer-related system. Using autoethnography to explore family relationships and cancer within one culture, the author demonstrates the inter-generational support that has been identified as a part of Appalachian life. Rehabilitation counselors can expect to see more cancer survivors on their case loads as more individuals survive cancer and as more attention is placed on rehabilitation services that may be of assistance to cancer survivors and their families. Given the need for psychosocial support during cancer intervention, rehabilitation counselors should consider working with the family to bolster a cancer survivor's rehabilitation plan.
Predictors of Successful Closure in the State-Federal Vocational Rehabilitation System: Findings from a Sample of Persons with Disability and Substance Use Disorders
Authors: McAweeney Mary , Keferl Joseph , Moore Dennis , Wagner Joseph
Published: June 2019

Numerous studies have focused on the predictors of successful closure of state-federal vocational rehabilitation (VR) applicants. However, there appears to be only one study focused solely on the predictors of employment with persons who were deemed eligible for services based on their alcohol or drug abuse diagnosis. This retrospective study examined the predictors of employment among this population. A sample of 940 persons with a primary or secondary diagnosis of alcohol or drug abuse and a closure status of 26 or 28 was randomly selected from the 2005 Rehabilitation Service Administration (RSA) 911 data. A combination of consumer characteristics, VR service variables, and work disincentives predicted employment. Knowledge of these predictors suggests ways for counselors to better serve consumers via accurate assessment, appropriate planning, and efficient case coordination.
Essential Knowledge Domains Underlying Effective Rehabilitation Counseling Practice
Authors: Leahy Michael J. , Muenzen Patricia , Saunders Jodi , Strauser David
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify and examine the major knowledge domains required for rehabilitation counseling practice across settings in today's rapidly changing practice environment. Data obtained and analysed from a recent national study by the Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (CRCC) is reported and reviewed in detail. Specific implications for knowledge translation of the study's finding for practitioner certification and academic program accreditation are identified.
Effective Paraprofessional Utilization—Myth or Reality
Authors: Crisler Jack R.
Published: June 2019

Lack of trained manpower is a serious problem in the helping professions, and the expansion or initiation of programs aggravates the shortage. It is doubtful that there will ever be enough professionals, yet paraprofessionals have not been used as much. as they might. The author looks at the research relevant to the use of paraprofessionals and the criticism directed toward their use. There is a significant trend toward increased use, especially in vocational rehabilitation agencies. The author recommends clearer definition and delineation of the role of the paraprofessional and greater use of trained paraprofessionals in selected functions in all social agencies.
Comments
Authors: Gurowitz Edward M. , Lowitt Michael F.
Published: June 2019

This section is reserved as an outlet for brief professional expressions pertaining to issues concerning the handicapped, the field of rehabilitation counseling, and/or reactions to previously published JARC articles.
A Study of Counselor Time Utilization for Medically Disabled and Culturally Disadvantaged Clients
Authors: Katz Solly , Reagles Kenneth , Wright George N.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare rehabilitation counselor time utilization for medically-disabled and culturally-disadvantaged clients. Two research questions were: Is there a significant difference in the time spent on counseling services? Is there a significant difference in the number of counseling contacts required between the two handicapped groups? First, the researchers found that rehabilitation counselors spent similar amounts of time in providing counseling services and in related activities for medically-disabled and culturally-disadvantaged clients; but counselors spent significantly more time withculturaIly-disadvantaged clients. Apparently the culturally disadvantaged seemed to require a redistribution of total time. Counselors made about the same number of contacts for both handicap groups. Thus, the results indicated that culturally-disadvantaged clients, as a group, do not require additional or markedly different counseling functions and can be easily included in the traditional vocational rehabilitation process without major role changes. They do, however, appear to require more time in a one-to-one relationship with the counselor.
Process Orientation: A Dimension in Counselor Training
Authors: MacGuffie Robert A. , Henderson Harold L.
Published: June 2019

This article introduces the concept of process orientation in the training of counselors. The bureaupath and bureautic are contrasted with the process-oriented counselor regarding adjustment to bureaucracy. It is suggested that the process-oriented counselor would be better able to deal with Blau's (1956) four factors of a bureaucratic structure.
Special Issues in Rehabilitation Counselor Ethics in Disasters
Authors: Blackwell Terry L. , Case Jan C. , Barros-Bailey Mary , Waldmann Ashley K.
Published: June 2019

Natural and human-made disasters result in the need for the emergency provision of services to current clients and to new clients. The provision of counseling services in this context may cause a counselor to reassess his or her practices with respect to the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, fidelity, and veracity. Dealing with ethical issues such as client-counselor relations, resource allocation, confidentiality, and advocacy in the absence of resources is discussed. This article seeks to (a) build awareness of the ethical issues inherent in the delivery of rehabilitation services in disaster situations, and (b) provide suggested best practices to address potential dilemmas.
Action Research in Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Kiener Michael , Koch Lynn
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this article is to present action research as a means for rehabilitation counselors to evaluate and improve their practice. The authors define action research, provide examples of potential applications that can benefit all rehabilitation counselors, and describe characteristics of the action research process. Readers will recognize the value that action research has as a mechanism for addressing effective practice, collaborating with stakeholders, and actively involving consumers in their rehabilitation plans.
Attitudes of College Students Toward People with Disabilities
Authors: Seo Wonsun (Sunny) , Chen Roy K.
Published: June 2019

The current study sought to explore attitudinal differences in college students toward people with disabilities (PWD) based on their demographic backgrounds and levels of prior contact. Participants were 311 undergraduate and graduate students at a large public university in the Midwest. Using the Attitudes Towards Disabled Persons Scale, Form-O (Yuker & Block, 1986) and the Contact with Disabled Persons Scale (Yuker & Hurley, 1987), a moderate positive correlation between attitudes and levels of contact was found (r = .302, p < .001). Significant differences in the mean scores of the ATDP were observed for different demographic groups. A subsequent ANCOVA indicated that levels of prior contact were influential on attitudes towards PWD. Implications for rehabilitation practice and future research are discussed.
Long-term Functional Impairment Following Adolescent Brain Injury and Comprehensive Rehabilitation
Authors: Upton Thomas D. , Premuda-Conti Paola , Hollender Heaven , Martin Kathryn , Nesheim-Larson Kathy , Wadsworth John S.
Published: June 2019

Brain injury is a common source of disability among adolescents and young adults. This study analyzed long-term functioning of adolescent participants after completing post-acute rehabilitation. Results of this longitudinal study indicated overall functioning of the participants was significantly improved at follow up as compared with functioning at discharge. However, while participants experienced significant increases with overall functioning, they also experienced nonsignificant decreases in other areas. The results suggest that improvement in functioning reported by youth and young adults recovering from a brain injury may not generalize across all domains of functional activities, and that scores derived from measures of global functioning may obscure significant deficits that impair progress toward independence.
Ethical Dilemmas of Rehabilitation Counselors: Results of an International Qualitative Study
Authors: Tarvydas Vilia , Barros-Bailey Mary
Published: June 2019

This study reports the results of an international qualitative study conducted to inform the process of revising the Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification's Code of Professional Ethicsfor Rehabilitation Counselors. The online survey gathered information regarding ethical dilemmas from a sample of certified rehabilitation counselors and Canadian certified rehabilitation counselors. In sum, 240 participants responded to an open-ended survey regarding current or recent ethical dilemmas and anticipated ethical dilemmas in the near future. Because of the functional purpose of the data set, a qualitative content analysis was performed with open coding guided by the structure of the standards outlined in the 2001 Code. Implications for Code revision and ethics governance are discussed.
The Necessity of Professional Disclosure and Informed Consent for Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Carlisle Jeffrey , Neulicht Ann T.
Published: June 2019

Within the rehabilitation counseling arena, professional disclosure and informed consent are critical concepts for the rehabilitation counselor to understand. Once understood, they become key components of a rehabilitation counselor's daily practice. Counselors need to provide sufficient prior information about their evaluation and services to respect the individual's right to make an informed choice about participating in the activities. This is one of the most important steps for the counselor to make at the outset of the relationship and thereafter. Yet, inconsistency abounds among rehabilitation counselors when it comes to providing a full and adequate disclosure, thereby ensuring the individual's right to informed consent. This article addresses the history of these issues, the manner by which earlier versions of the Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors addressed them, and the changes regarding disclosure and informed consent within the revised 2010 code. Because the code now requires written disclosure, this article provides guidance to rehabilitation counselors for incorporating proper professional disclosure and informed consent protocols into their daily professional activities.
Fibromyalgia: Stigmatization and its Impact
Authors: Sabik Sharon
Published: June 2019

Fibromyalgia is a disorder that affects 6 to 10 million Americans. It is a chronic and painful condition that can currently be diagnosed by specific criteria called tender points and other symptoms common to the disorder. Because of a lack of objective evidence, there is a great deal of ambivalence from those who do not suffer from the disorder including physicians and other providers, family, friends, and employers. This ambiguity causes stigma that interferes with both quality of life and productivity for the person diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Yet there has been relatively little research that examines stigma or identity change or loss and their effects on persons with fibromyalgia. Rehabilitation counselors need to understand this disease and its many ramifications with respect to function and the work setting as they are and will continue serving individuals who have this diagnosis.
Providing Culturally Relevant Vocational Rehabilitation Services to Cape Verdeans with Disabilities
Authors: Thomas Dawna M. , Sanchez William , Maniche M. Joanne
Published: June 2019

Although Cape Verdeans have a long history in the U.S., members of this community with disabilities continue to be underserved and culturally misunderstood by vocational rehabilitation service providers. This article discusses how Cape Verdeans with disabilities and their families perceive the concept of disability and how that perception may differ from views held by mainstream service providers. The article also outlines some of the barriers to the provision of services and provides recommendations for enhancing culturally-relevant service delivery.
Maximizing Access to Postsecondary Educational Print Materials for Students With Print-Related Disabilities
Authors: Dallas Bryan K. , Upton Thomas D.
Published: June 2019

Many students with print-related disabilities need alternative media such as Braille, audio, electronic text, or enlarged text to succeed at the postsecondary level. Currently, a variety of ways are available to acquire accessible print materials for these students. This article examines the current state of maximizing access to alternative media and how to navigate postsecondary alternative media service delivery systems. This article also reviews the roles and responsibilities of students, faculty, postsecondary disability support personnel, and publishing companies. Implications for rehabilitation counselors are also included as many of these professionals are employed in postsecondary disability support offices.
Towards an Ecological, Multi-Modal Approach to Increase Employment for Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Morgan Robert L. , Schultz Jared C.
Published: June 2019

The diagnosis oj Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is increasing at an alarming rate, which challenges school transition and adult service systems to provide necessary supports to these individuals. As a key variable to quality oj life and community living, employment should be a primary goal Jor adults with ASD. However, special education and rehabilitation service systems, already limited in their capacity to support youth and young adults with disabilities, will be increasingly challenged to place job seekers with ASD into employment. The diversity and severity oj functional limitations experienced by individuals with ASD require an approach to employment focusing on the individual and immediate environment, and utilizing multiple methods. This article examines research literature related to individuals with ASD and proposes an ecological, multi-modal approach for establishing employment of individuals with ASD. Data are presented regarding a case example involving one young adult with ASD to illustrate the approach.