bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Communicating social responsibilities through CSR reports: Comparative study of top European and Asia-Pacific airlines
Authors: Zhang Xing
Published: October 2021

Recently the outbreak of major social incidents has put the airline industry in the forefront of the debate. However, studies related to the social dimension of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards in aviation are limited. To fill the gap, this study explored the social themes of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices between European and Asia-Pacific based airlines. Quantitative content analysis is employed for comparing the social topics in CSR reports of 20 top airlines from Asia-Pacific and European regions over a 3-year period. It concludes that both regions focused more on labor management relations and supplier assessment. The Asia-Pacific airlines have placed special attention to adequacy of social information provided in their CSR reports while the European airlines kept reporting with a comprehensive method. This paper informs both academics and practitioners on the differences of the social dimension of sustainability between the European and Asia-Pacific aviation industry.
Effects on health-related quality of life in the randomized, controlled crossover trial ADIRA (Anti-inflammatory Diet In Rheumatoid Arthritis)
Authors: Turesson Wadell Anna , Bärebring Linnea , Hulander Erik , Gjertsson Inger , Hagberg Lars , Lindqvist Helen M. , Winkvist Anna
Published: October 2021

Background

Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) often report impaired health-related quality of life (HrQoL) such as difficulties in daily life, pain, fatigue and an affected social life. Even when lowering disease activity, pharmacological treatment does not always resolve these factors.

Objective

To investigate if a proposed anti-inflammatory diet improves HrQoL in patients with RA.

Design

In this controlled crossover trial, 50 patients were randomized to start with either an intervention diet (anti-inflammatory) or a control diet (usual Swedish intake) for ten weeks followed by a wash out period before switching to the other diet. Participants received food equivalent to ~1100 kcal/day, five days/week, and instructions to consume similarly for the remaining meals. HrQoL was evaluated using Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36), Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) for pain, fatigue and morning stiffness, and a time scale for morning stiffness.

Results

Forty-seven participants completed ≥1 diet period and were included in the main analyses. No significant difference between intervention and control diet at end of diet periods was observed for any outcome. However, significant improvements were obtained for SF-36 Physical Functioning (mean:5.79, SE: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.58, 10.01) during the intervention diet period. When excluding participants with anti-rheumatic medication changes, the differences between diet periods increased for most outcomes, favoring the intervention diet period, and the difference for SF-36 Physical Functioning became significant (n = 25, mean:7.90, 95% CI:0.56, 15.24, p = 0.036).

Conclusions

In main analyses, the proposed anti-inflammatory diet did not significantly improve HrQoL for patients with RA compared to control diet. In sub-analyses, significant improvements in physical functioning were detected. Larger studies with consistent medication use and in populations more affected by the disease may be needed to obtain conclusive evidence.
Deconstructing virus condensation
Authors: Lopez Nora , Camporeale Gabriela , Salgueiro Mariano , Borkosky Silvia Susana , Visentín Araceli , Peralta-Martinez Ramon , Loureiro María Eugenia , de Prat-Gay Gonzalo
Published: October 2021

Viruses have evolved precise mechanisms for using the cellular physiological pathways for their perpetuation. These virus-driven biochemical events must be separated in space and time from those of the host cell. In recent years, granular structures, known for over a century for rabies virus, were shown to host viral gene function and were named using terms such as viroplasms, replication sites, inclusion bodies, or viral factories (VFs). More recently, these VFs were shown to be liquid-like, sharing properties with membrane-less organelles driven by liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) in a process widely referred to as biomolecular condensation. Some of the best described examples of these structures come from negative stranded RNA viruses, where micrometer size VFs are formed toward the end of the infectious cycle. We here discuss some basic principles of LLPS in connection with several examples of VFs and propose a view, which integrates viral replication mechanisms with the biochemistry underlying liquid-like organelles. In this view, viral protein and RNA components gradually accumulate up to a critical point during infection where phase separation is triggered. This yields an increase in transcription that leads in turn to increased translation and a consequent growth of initially formed condensates. According to chemical principles behind phase separation, an increase in the concentration of components increases the size of the condensate. A positive feedback cycle would thus generate in which crucial components, in particular nucleoproteins and viral polymerases, reach their highest levels required for genome replication. Progress in understanding viral biomolecular condensation leads to exploration of novel therapeutics. Furthermore, it provides insights into the fundamentals of phase separation in the regulation of cellular gene function given that virus replication and transcription, in particular those requiring host polymerases, are governed by the same biochemical principles.
HISTORICAL NECROPOLISES OF OMSK: RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION
Authors:   Omsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, M. KORUSENKO , Yu. GERASIMOV ,   Omsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, M. ZDOR ,   Omsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, D. PAVLOV ,   Omsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2021

The present article is devoted to studying history and conservation problems of historical cemeteries in the city of Omsk, taking into account the constantly changing urban environment. In the last ten years archaeological research has uncovered seven new heritage sites, and the location of two other heritage sites has been precised. Four of these nine sites are cemeteries belonging to the 18th - 20th centuries. The present article summarizes our research, and in our conclusion we raise the question of the possibility of conserving such heritage sites. Even though the basic principles of conservation are aligned with the current methodology of field archaeological work, it is possible to encounter problems of ethical nature both from researchers and developers while working with historical necropolises. Despite the fact that the article is based on materials related to the city of Omsk, the problems outlined in it are relevant for any large modern city, since they all tend to grow and modernize. Keywords: western Siberia, Omsk, urban planning, change, historical necropolises, archaeological research, conservation
THE ANCIENT MOUNTAIN VILLAGE OF CHERGA: FROM THE TRAKT POINT ON THE CHUYSKY TRACT TO THE ALTAI EXPERIMENTAL FARM OF THE SIBERIAN BRANCH OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Authors:   Gorno-Altaisk State University, L. MUKAEVA
Published: October 2021

The article considers the history of the creation and development of the first Russian village in the Altai Mountains - the village of Cherga, which appeared in 1820-s a settlement of peasants assigned to the Cabinet mining plants. According to the author, Cherga played an important role in the economic development of the north-western part of the Altai Mountains. Cherga peasants were successfully engaged in arable farming, cattle breeding, mountain beekeeping, private hauling and taiga fisheries. In the vicinity of Cherga in the second half of the 19th century, there were large dairy farms of entrepreneurs who used advanced technologies and innovations in their farms. In Soviet times, Cherga with the surrounding villages turned into a large multi-industry state farm in the Altai Mountains. The traditions of innovation in Cherga were fully manifested in the 1980-s, when the Altai Experimental Farm of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of USSR was formed on the basis of the Cherginsky State Farm, which was still active at the beginning of the 20th century. Keywords: Seminskaya Valley, Cherga, peasants, economic development, Altai experimental farm SB RAS
TO ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP OF KULUNDINSKY AND ROMANOVSKY DISTRICTS OF THE ALTAI REGION
Authors:   Altai State University, A. Fedoruk
Published: October 2021

Despite the long-term archaeological survey of the steppe Kulunda, by this time, far from all ancient monuments have been registered on this territory, even those distinctly expressed on the surface. There are many places where archaeological survey has not been carried out. But even in the well-developed territories of the region there are objects of archaeological heritage that are not reflected on the official maps of the territories and thus are practically not protected from damage and even complete destruction. As an example, the author publishes information about two burial mounds he examined in May 2020, located on the territory of the Kulundinsky and Romanovsky districts of the Altai region. Based on the observations obtained, it is concluded that in order to preserve the archaeological heritage of the region, it is necessary not only to fix all objects, but also to develop sets of protective documentation for each monument, as well as to conduct constant explanatory work among the local population. Keywords: Altai region, Kulundinsky district, Romanovsky district, objects of archaeological heritage, burial mounds, emergency condition, plowing
“KRICHEVTSEV’S MANSION” IN BIYSK AS AN EXAMPLE OF A DWELLING HOUSE WITH ELEMENTS OF THE MANOR HOUSE OF THE LATE XIX CENTURY, MADE IN ECLECTIC FORMS WITH ELEMENTS OF BAROQUE AND RUSSIAN-BYZANTINE STYLE
Authors:   Altai Regional Local History Non-Government Organization “Altai Heritage”, M. TSELISHCHEVA , M. SLUCKII ,   Altai Regional Local History Non-Government Organization “Altai Heritage”
Published: October 2021

On the ground of archival and bibliographic materials, the author has prepared a historical certificate for the Biysk merchant dwelling mansion within the development of the draft of the territory boundaries and the land-use regime for the object of cultural heritage. This article provides information about the history and first owner ofthe building, as well as the further use of this object from the end of the XIX century and to the present. There is also information about another estate property of entrepreneur V.A. Krichevtsev and his relatives, located in Biysk, as well as about the type of activity of the owner of the mansion, who traded with North-Western Mongolia with various goods, was engaged in cattle- and horse-breeding. The building consists of several one-, two-story volumes of one height, has a basement, and a complex attic roof. The pronounced angular facade composition is richly decorated along the street and part of the courtyard facade and at the front entrance. The object has value as an urban building with eclectic decoration, also has urban planning significance, formalizing the intersection of streets. Keywords: merchant mansion, dwelling house, brick building, cultural heritage object, architectural monument
YURINSKY ANTIQUITIES. CONTINUATION OF THE RESEARCH INITIATED BY A.H. KHALIKOV
Authors:   State Budget Institution of Culture of the Republic of Mari El “Sheremetevs Castle”, E. SHALAKHOV
Published: October 2021

The article discusses and analyzes the results of field work of the Mari archaeological expedition and the author on a seasonal hunting site of the Stone and Early Bronze Age. Polyanskaya V site, located in the Western part of the Republic of Mari El, was attributed by its discoverer (A.H. Khalikov) to the circle of monuments of the Balakhna Neolithic culture, represented by hundreds of settlement monuments in the Middle Volga region. The main ceramic complex of the site consists of fragments of walls and corollas of vessels with pit-comb ornamentation. In the late 1970s, the Polyanskaya V site was partially destroyed during the creation of engineering protection of the Yurinskaya lowland from flooding by the waters of the Cheboksary reservoir. Due to the lack of possibility to conduct stationary excavations of the monument, V.V. Nikitin (Mari archaeological expedition) and we regularly collected lifting material. These fees were most effective in 2000-2005. The collection of flint inventory of the Polyanskaya V site has been significantly expanded. Thanks to our findings of throwing tools in the damaged by wind erosion cultural layer of the site, it was possible to more accurately determine the cultural identity of porous ceramics, which are also found on the monument square. Visiting the site by groups of hunters of the Eneolithic era is illustrated by flint arrow that have analogies in the inventory of Volosovo type settlements of the Mari Volga region. Keywords: Balakhna culture, stone tools, ceramics, archaeological collection
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF THE LEFT BANK OF THE URTEMKA RIVER MOUTH (THE KOZHEVNIKOVSKY DISTRICT OF THE TOMSK REGION)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, A. BORODOVSKIY
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to a review of the archaeological survey results of the left bank of the Urtamka River mouth (the Kozhevnikovsky District of the Tomsk Oblast). The purpose of the research was to localize the station of the Urtam ostrog, marked on the map of 1701 by S.U. Remezov, located on the left bank of the Urtamka River. The survey of this territory made it possible to detect an elevated area (Urtamskoe-II), fenced on three sides by a sub-square ditch 2 m wide and 0.4 m deep. The total dimension of the fence was 200 m, which formally correlates with the perimeter of the Urtam ostrog, indicated in a written source of the late 17th century (1687). However, the archaeological study of the ditch section and the inner fenced area of the newly identified fortified settlement Urtamskoe-II did not reveal the cross-section of the ditch and the foundations of the log wall that are characteristic for the Early New Time. Such results complicate their connection with the Urtam ostrog. In addition, the osteological materials and fragments of the rims of ceramic vessels from the Irmen culture (Late Bronze Age) were found in the cultural layer of the discovered settlement. It should be noted that for the territories occupied by several archaeologically investigated ostrogs (Tomsky, Umrevinsky, Sayansky, etc.), the facts of the discovery of the earlier archaeological materials are quite typical. However, the ditch fence of the sub-square outlines of the residential area of the fortified settlement Urtamskoe-II significantly distinguishes it from the nearest Irmen settlement of the Baturino-1. Fencing with a “П” shaped moat are more typical for the settlements of the late Middle Ages on the territory of neighboring Baraba (Tyumenka, Chinyaikha). In general, the archaeological research carried out reflected the general tendency which is the complexity of localizing the ostrog as an archaeological site. Keywords: archaeological exploration, Upper Ob Region, ancient settlements, settlements, ostrog
RESEARCH INTO MULTI-LAYERED MULTICULTURAL COMPLEXES OF UPPER PRICHUMYSHYE: SITES IN THE ULUS AREA
Authors:   Altai State Museum of Local History, A. Kungurov , O. KUNGUROVA ,   Finance University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

The Upper Prichumyshye is a region comprising two different orographic zones, the Biysk Chumysh highland and the Salair Ridge. Currently, it is one of the most studied archaeological microdistricts. The peculiarities of the Chumysh valley formation led to the creation of a valley-beam relief with a large number of expressive micro-valleys, capes and small tributaries. In different periods of history, the areas of the valley that were most convenient for living and implementation of appropriating and producing economy, were settled several times. The article presents materials that continue the cycle of publications devoted to the multi-layered archaeological sites of the Upper Prichumyshye (The Tselinnyi Region of the Altai Krai). The work characterizes the settlement of Ulus. This site contains cultural layers of the Upper Paleolithic era, the developed Bronze Age, the early Iron Age and the period of late antiquity. The materials are represented by stone tools, ceramics of various forms and ruined quarry burials of Andronian culture. Initially, the site was opened by the creator of the local museum v. Pobyeda P.F. Ryzhenko in the 50s of the last century. Keywords: Altai mountains, Upper Prichumyshye, archaeology, P.F. Ryzhenko, stone tools, burials, ceramics
CERAMIC DISHES WITH HANDLES IN ALTAI: BRIEF OVERVIEW OF STUDIES, ANALYSIS OF SOURCES AND RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES
Authors:   Altai State University, J. Mu
Published: October 2021

Ceramic dishes with handles appeared in Altai approximately in the 2nd half of the 6th century B.C. Their design is very peculiar and has no parallel in the cultures of the preceding period. This article investigates the results of the earlier studies and talks about the spread of ceramics with handles in China (in Gansu and Xinjiang) and its adjacent regions. The article also presents published opinions of scientists about the finds in the Pazyryk burials. Comparative analysis has allowed us to make the assumption that the presence of ceramics with handles in the Early Iron Age monuments in Central Asia is a reflection of migration during which people mastered the technologies of making such ceramic ware. Further comprehensive research of the existing data on these archaeological finds will provide a more detailed picture of the interaction between different ancient populations. Thus, this article describes the research lines which are ought to be carried out. Keywords: altai, Eastern Xinjiang, bronze age, early Iron Age, ceramics with handles, Pazyryk culture, migration, technology diffusion
THE BRONZE SHIELD FROM THE BURIAL OF A MEDIEVAL ARCHER IN THE KUZNETSK DESPRESSION
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, S. PILIPENKO , M. SULEIMENOV ,   Kuzbass State Technical University named after T. F. Gorbachev
Published: October 2021

A number of works written by leading Siberian weapons experts are devoted to the classification of this piece of personal armour. Issues of weapons development played a significant role in the lives of the medieval people in the South of Western Siberia. One of the most frequently encountered categories of inventory in the burials of nomads includes ranged weapons: parts of bows, arrows, quivers. Yu.S. Khudyakova [1980, p. 118] and VV. Gorbunova [2006, p. 35-62]. However, bow sets are not limited to bows, arrows and quivers. There are also other parts of archery equipment known from the nomadic antiquities of the Volga region, such as archers’ rings and pavises [Rudenko, 2005, p. 27-35], items that have never been found in the South of Western Siberia until recently. During his exploration of burial ground 3 from mound 3 of Konevo, A.M. Ilyushin [2012, p. 37] found a bronze plate, which he believed belonged to plate armour. However, further study of the objects found in burial ground 3 of mound 3 of Konevo, raised doubts whether this attribution of the excavated bronze plate is justified. Acquaintance with the materials of burial 3 of mound 3 of the Konevo burial ground, raised doubts about such an attribution of the revealed bronze plate. Keywords: medieval nomads, archeology, bow, arrows, protective shield, pavise, gastagna, archer, Kuznetsk Depression
COLLECTION OF IRON TOOLS FROM THE BURIALS OF ROURAN PERIOD OF THE CHOBURAK-I COMPLEX (NORTHERN ALTAI)
Authors:   Altai State University, N. Seregin , A. Tishkin ,   Altai State University, S. Matrenin ,   Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, T. Parshikova ,   Altai State University
Published: October 2021

The article presents a collection of iron tools from the burials of the Rouran period, studied at the Choburak-I funeral complex. The published materials come from eleven undisturbed burials excavated by the expedition of the Altai State University. The article provides information about twelve knives, four awls, and products with an unidentified functional purpose. The authors provided information on the peculiarities of the location of these items in the graves, made a morphological description of the recorded specimens, compared them with already known items from other sites of the Bulan-Koby archaeological culture of Altai, and from complexes excavated in adjacent territories. It was established that the analyzed objects had a rather long period of existence within the framework of the Xianbei-Rouran period (2nd - 5th centuries AD). The published materials expand the source base for studying the life support system of the Altai population at the turn of the late antiquity and the Middle Ages. The presented findings actualize the continuation of research in the field of a comprehensive analysis of tools and household items of cattle breeders in the region in the indicated period. Keywords: altai, Bulan-Koby culture, tools, knife, Awl, chronology
ARCHAEOLOGICAL MATERIAL PICKED UP NEAR KURLEK VILLAGE IN THE KRASNOGORSKY DISTRICT OF THE ALTAI TERRITORY
Authors:   Altai State University, A. Tishkin , A. Kazakov ,   Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Published: October 2021

For many years, the Department of Archaeology, Ethnography and Museology of the Altai State University has been regularly receiving information about archaeological finds discovered in different circumstances in the Altai Territory, as well as in neighboring and remote regions. Such information is checked and followed by investigation. The results of constructive interaction have been reflected in publications, such as presented in a scientific periodical “Preservation and Study of the Cultural Heritage of Altai”. This article provides brief information about an archaeological site in critical condition due to the constant bank caving by the Isha River near the village of Kurlek in the Krasnogorsky District of the Altai Territory. In the summer of 2017, when fishing, a local resident collected fragments of ceramics and stones that fell from the cultural layer to the scree and river hirst. The collection reflects several cultural and chronological layers and requires special studying. It is important to identify a settlement of the Early Iron Age, which reflects one of historical stages in developing the northern Altai foothills by different social groups. Keywords: Altai Territory, Krasnogorsky District, Kurlek, Isha, archaeological site, early Iron Age, ceramics
SMALL ARCHAEOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE BIYSK REGIONAL MUSEUM
Authors:   Altai State Museum of Local History, A. Kungurov
Published: October 2021

The article presents materials from the funds of the Biysk Local History Museum, characterizing small collections of the past decades transferred by the finders to the museum and discovered during the survey of various territories of Altai by B.H. Kadikov - a researcher, and then the director of the museum. These collections contain a small number of finds, so did not attract the attention of researchers. However, the published materials are quite revealing, have a precisely defined location of detection and allow it to be found even after a long period of time. The work describes the finds of M.D. Kopytov near the village of Vyatkino in the Ust-Pristan district of the Altai region, the sites located on the right bank of Bia in the Turochak district of the Altai Republic and at the mouth of the Chemal River in the Chemal region of the republic. The published sites are located in different regions of the Altai region in different physical and geographical conditions. This fact allows to significantly expand the possibilities of finding new archaeological objects in steppe, mountain and taiga areas. In addition, the accounting of these sites, known for a very long time, in the planned construction can facilitate the work of researchers. Keywords: Altai Mountain, archaeology, M.D. Kopytov, B.H. Kadikov, Biysky Local History Museum, stone tools, stone arrowhead, ceramics
METAL MIRRORS FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE MUSEUM OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY OF GORNO-ALTAI STATE UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Altai State University, N. Seregin , N. Konstantinov ,   Gorno-Altaisk State University
Published: October 2021

The article presents the characteristics of metal mirrors from the collection of the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography of Gorno-Altai State University. The history of the formation of this small collection, which includes four items from the burials of the Pazyryk culture of the Bike-III and Taldura-II necropolises, is considered. Due to the fact that publications devoted to the introduction into scientific circulation of the results of excavations of the indicated burials did not imply a detailed characteristic of metal mirrors, a description of these objects is given. It has been established that the analyzed finds from the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography of GAGU are represented by two types of products. All mirrors are relatively small in size, which is one of the important chronological features of such objects. The lifetime of products with similar characteristics is determined within the wide boundaries of the late 5th -early 3rd centuries BC with the possibility of limiting this period to the framework of the 4th century BC. Prospects for further comprehensive study of metal mirrors from museums in Altai and other regions are obvious. Keywords: metal mirror, altai, museum, archaeological site, Pazyryk culture
THE PERSON WHO LEFT HIS FOOTPRINT ON THE EARTH (THE LEGACY OF A.D. SMETANNIKOV)
Authors:   Troitsk Regional Museum of Local Lore, V. SHMORINA , E. SEMENYAKO ,   Trinity Multifunctional Cultural Center
Published: October 2021

A person cannot live without a name, without a Motherland, without a history. History is our present, our future and, of course, our past. The time passing away from us leaves a memory of itself in the form of objects, documents, photographs. To collect all this, preserve and present it to the next generations, museums are needed. In 1980, in the regional center of the Troitskoye settlement, a significant event took place, dedicated to the 110th anniversary of the birth of VI. Lenin - the opening of a national museum. The organizer, who collected the richest material on the history of the Troitsky region, was a teacher, historian, local historian - an amateur and enthusiast of his work Smetannikov Alexander Danilovich. The article is devoted to the issues of preserving cultural and historical heritage, the mission of the custodian of historical values in the museum. The article discusses the definition of historical memory and its content. The memory of a man who made a huge contribution to the preservation of the cultural and historical heritage and is the most important part of the historical memory of the inhabitants of the Troitsky District. Keywords: museum organization, teacher, school, heritage, director
Uso dos isótopos 15N e 18O em nitrato e a sua importância em estudos de contaminação de aquíferos urbanos na América Latina
Authors: Varnier Claudia , Suhogusoff Alexandra Vieira , Hirata Ricardo , Aravena Ramón
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho analisa o estado atual do conhecimento sobre o uso de isótopos estáveis (15N e 18O) na identificação de fontes de nitrato e os processos que controlam o transporte e transformação das espécies nitrogenadas em aquíferos situados em áreas urbanas e periurbanas na América Latina. Ao longo desse artigo, apresentam-se: (i) as principais reações e processos que controlam o nitrogênio dentro do ciclo; (ii) as fon-tes de contaminação de nitrato nas águas subterrâneas; (iii) as composições isotópicas de 15NNO3 e 18ONO3 de acordo com as fontes e fatores que levam a seu fracionamento; (iv) o uso combinado de outros traçadores (Cl-, 11B, 34S, 18OSO4) com os isótopos 15NNO3 e 18ONO3 em estudos de contaminação; e (v) estudos de caso na América Latina que empregam isótopos ambientais em aquíferos urbanos. Embora existam muitos dados acerca da composição isotópica de nitrato em águas subterrâneas, estes restringem-se a regiões situadas na Europa, América do Norte, Ásia e Oceania, constatando-se uma latente lacuna de dados no cenário latino-americano. Dessa forma, mais estudos são necessários concentrando-se no uso de modelos estáveis de mistura de isótopos e na melhoria da compreensão sobre o fracionamento isotópico mediante realização de ex-perimentos laboratoriais e de campo em áreas urbanas na América Latina.
O que os isótopos de estrôncio nos ensinam sobre as águas subterrâneas
Authors: Quaggio Carolina Stager , Gastmans Didier , Martins Veridiana Teixeira de Souza
Published: October 2021

As razões entre os isótopos de estrôncio (87Sr/86Sr) constituem excelentes traçadores de processos hidrogeoquímicos. Isso se deve a sua característica conservativa, ou seja, não serão fracionados por processos geológicos superficiais, como, por exemplo, processos de interação água-rocha, de intemperismo, de salinização e na determinação de fontes de 87Sr, constituindo informação relevante na compreensão da circulação das águas subterrâneas. No Brasil, poucos estudos hidrogeológicos utilizaram essas razões entre os isótopos de estrôncio na compreensão de processos hidrogeoquímicos. A pouca utilização desta técnica versátil está associada ao pequeno número de laboratórios brasileiros com capacidade analítica para a determinação das razões 87Sr/86Sr em águas subterrâneas, uma vez que são necessários equipamentos de elevada precisão, como espectrômetros de massa por termo-ionização (TIMS) ou plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-MS), equipe e infraestrutura especializada. Além disso, devido à complexidade da interpretação dos resultados, são necessários dados complementares e um profundo conhecimento do contexto hidrogeológico. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho busca incentivar o uso dos isótopos de estrôncio e, para tanto, traz a apresentação dos conceitos principais para compreensão e avaliação dos isótopos de estrôncio em águas subterrâneas, iniciando com a revisão dos fundamentos teóricos acerca da geoquímica do estrôncio, seus isótopos e o ciclo desses isótopos. Na sequência, são apresentados os procedimentos de amostragem e análise, seguidos pela revisão dos estudos de águas subterrâneas brasileiros que utilizaram este traçador. Por fim, considerações sobre a técnica e oportunidades de aplicação em estudos hidrogeológicos são apresentadas. Visto que a grande maioria dos sistemas aquíferos brasileiros não possuem dados da razão 87Sr/86Sr, há grandes oportunidades de expansão desta linha de pesquisa, com produção de dados inéditos e inclusão deste traçador em programas de monitoramento de águas subterrâneas.
Military Optometry from World War I to the Present
Authors: McAlister W. Howard , Weaver Jeffrey L. , Davis Jerry D. , Newsom Jeffrey A.
Published: October 2021

Optometry has made significant contributions to the United States military for over a century. Assuring good vision and eye health of soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines is critical to maximizing the military functions necessary to achieve victory. There was little organization or recognition of the profession in World War I, but optometrists were essential in achieving the mission. Recognition of the profession of optometry was still limited in World War II but it was improving, especially with commissioning as officers occurring in the Navy. Through the Korean and Vietnam Wars, optometry grew in stature and strength with all services eventually commissioning all optometrists, and Army optometrists were assigned to combat divisions. Continuing through the more recent conflicts in the middle east, the profession has continued to make an impact and has become an essential part of the armed forces of the United States. Doctors of optometry are now an integral part of the Department of Defense. The nation cannot field an effective fighting force today without the dedicated performance of these officers.
Symmetries of complex analytic vector fields with an essential singularity on the Riemann sphere
Authors: Alvarez-Parrilla Alvaro , Muciño-Raymundo Jesús
Published: October 2021

We consider the family ℰ (s, r, d) of all singular complex analytic vector fields

X
(
z
)
=

Q
(
z
)

P
(
z
)

e

E
(
z
)

∂

∂
z

$X(z)=\frac{Q(z)}{P(z)}{{e}^{E(z)}}\frac{\partial }{\partial z}$

on the Riemann sphere where Q, P, ℰ are polynomials with deg Q = s, deg P = r and deg ℰ = d ≥ 1. Using the pullback action of the affine group Aut(ℂ) and the divisors for X, we calculate the isotropy groups Aut(ℂ)
X
of discrete symmetries for X ∈ ℰ (s, r, d). The subfamily ℰ (s, r, d)id of those X with trivial isotropy group in Aut(ℂ) is endowed with a holomorphic trivial principal Aut(ℂ)-bundle structure. A necessary and sufficient arithmetic condition on s, r, d ensuring the equality ℰ (s, r, d) = ℰ (s, r, d)id is presented. Moreover, those X ∈ ℰ (s, r, d) \ ℰ (s, r, d)id with non-trivial isotropy are realized. This yields explicit global normal forms for all X ∈ ℰ (s, r, d). A natural dictionary between analytic tensors, vector fields, 1-forms, orientable quadratic differentials and functions on Riemann surfaces M is extended as follows. In the presence of nontrivial discrete symmetries Γ < Aut(M), the dictionary describes the correspondence between Γ-invariant tensors on M and tensors on M /Γ.
Image processing algorithms in the assessment of grain damage degree
Authors: Maliga Wojciech , Dudziński Włodzimierz , Łabowska Magdalena , Detyna Jerzy , Łopusiewicz Marcin , Bujak Henryk
Published: October 2021

Objectives

The paper presents preliminary results on the assessment of algorithms used in image processing of the grain damage degree. The purpose of the work is developing a tool allowing to analyse sample cross-sections of rye germs.

Methods

The analysis of the grain cross-sections was carried out on the basis of a series their photos taken at equal time intervals at a set depth. The cross-sections will be used to create additional virtual cross-sections allowing to analyse the whole sample volume. The ultimate plan is to generate two cross-sections perpendicular to each other. Based on volumetric data read from the sample section, a three-dimensional model of an object will be generated.

Results

The analysis of model surface will allowed us to detect possible grain damage. The developed method of preparing the research material and the proprietary application allowed for the identification of internal defects in the biological material (cereal grains).

Conclusions

The presented methodology may be used in the agri-food industry in the future. However, much research remains to be done. These works should primarily aim at significantly reducing the time-consuming nature of individual stages, as well as improving the quality of the reconstructed image.
Carriage of HLA-DRB1*11 and 1*12 alleles and risk factors in patients with breast cancer in Burkina Faso
Authors: Zouré Abdou Azaque , Amegnona Lanyo Jospin , Zongo Nayi , Kiendrebeogo Isabelle Touwendpoulimdé , Sorgho Pegdwendé Abel , Zongo Fabienne Ingrid , Yonli Albert Théophane , Sombié Herman Karim , Bambara Aboubacar Hierrhum , Sawadogo Alexis Yobi , Ouedraogo Marie N. L. , Traoré Lassina , Zongo Sidnooma Véronique , Lallogo Doriane Tatiana , Bazié Bapio Valery Jean Télesphore Elvira , Zohoncon Théodora M. , Dijgma Florencia W. , Simpore Jacques
Published: October 2021

Several factors contribute to the development of breast cancer, including the immune system. This study is aimed to characterize the carriage of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*11 and 1*12 alleles in patients with breast cancer. This case-control study consisted of 96 histologically diagnosed breast cancer cases and 102 controls (cases without breast abnormalities). A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to characterize the carriage of HLA-DRB1*11 and 1*12 alleles. The HLA-DRB1*11 allele was present in 26.59% of cases and 22.55% of controls. The HLA-DRB1*12 allele was present in 56.63% of cases and 55.88% of controls. This study found no direct association between the carriage of the HLA-DRB1*11 and HLA-DRB1*12 alleles and the occurrence of breast cancer. In addition, the deletion of the HLA-DRB1*11 allele is associated (beneficial effect) with obesity/overweight (OR = 0.13; 95% CI [0.01–1.14]; and p = 0.03) which is a risk for breast cancer. No direct association was found between the carriage of HLA-DRB1*11 and 1*12 alleles and breast cancer risk. However, further investigation of other HLA alleles involved in the occurrence of breast cancer may provide more information.
Characterization of Differentially Expressed miRNAs by CXCL12/SDF-1 in Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells
Authors: Potter Matthew L. , Smith Kathryn , Vyavahare Sagar , Kumar Sandeep , Periyasamy-Thandavan Sudharsan , Hamrick Mark , Isales Carlos M. , Hill William D. , Fulzele Sadanand
Published: October 2021

Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) is known to influence bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) migration, osteogenic differentiation, and fracture healing. We hypothesize that SDF-1 mediates some of its effects on BMSCs through epigenetic regulation, specifically via microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that target specific mRNA and prevent their translation. We performed global miRNA analysis and determined several miRNAs were differentially expressed in response to SDF-1 treatment. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset analysis showed that these miRNAs play an important role in osteogenic differentiation and fracture healing. KEGG and GO analysis indicated that SDF-1 dependent miRNAs changes affect multiple cellular pathways, including fatty acid biosynthesis, thyroid hormone signaling, and mucin-type O-glycan biosynthesis pathways. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis showed several miRNAs target genes related to stem cell migration and differentiation. This study's findings indicated that SDF-1 induces some of its effects on BMSCs function through miRNA regulation.
L2 Syntactic Alignment in the Reading-Writing Integrated Continuation Task: Evidence From Chinese EFL Learners’ Description of Motion Events
Authors: Wang Min , Gan Qiao , Boland Julie
Published: October 2021

This study investigated how the mode in which the reading-writing integrated continuation task was conducted modulates the effects of second language (L2) syntactic alignment, through the English motion event construction with manner verbs. Ninety Chinese students were assigned to either of the two experimental groups or a control group, and they all experienced a pretest, an alignment phase and a posttest. In the alignment phase, the two experimental groups completed a reading-writing integrated continuation task but in different modes. For the multi-turn mode, participants reconstructed a picture story by continuing the episodes extracted from the story with one episode presented and continued at a time; for the single-turn mode, the first half of the same picture story was presented as a chunk, and then participants read and continued it. Results show that L2 learners aligned with the target structure in completing the story, and the alignment effect was retained in the posttest conducted after a delay of two weeks. Moreover, syntactic alignment was modulated by task mode with the multi-turn group exhibiting stronger immediate and longterm alignment effects. We conclude that the continuation task is a fruitful context for L2 structural alignment, and the magnitude of alignment effect hinges on interactive intensity.
An Alignment-Based Approach to L2 Learning of Chinese Numeral Classifiers
Authors: Wang Chuming , Hong Wei
Published: October 2021

This study investigated the efficiency of learning the Chinese numeral classifiers by L2 Chinese learners by means of an alignment-oriented task. Participants were a total of 96 intermediate learners of L2 Chinese, who were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group, with each group consisting of 32 participants. The continuation task used in this study consisted of a picture-based Chinese text depicting a room with an array of objects, which necessitates the use of classifiers. The two experimental groups were both required to first read the text and then write to describe their own rooms in comparison with the one in the text. One group was instructed to use the classifiers from the text as much as possible in their writing, whereas the other was not required to do so. Participants in the control group were first given the picture to look at in the absence of the text and then asked to describe their own rooms. The results showed that the continuation task significantly enhanced participants’ retention of the Chinese numeral classifiers, suggesting that the alignment-based approach is an effective way to learn difficult linguistic categories such as the Chinese classifiers.
Creative Imitation: An Answer to the Fundamental Issue of L2 Learning
Authors: Zhou Xiao
Published: October 2021

This paper reports on a study on the effects of reading-writing integrated tasks on vocabulary learning and explored the differential roles of creative construction and non-creative construction in promoting lexical learning. Participants were 90 first-year English majors, randomly assigned to two experimental groups (continuation and retelling) and one control group, with 30 students in each group. Results showed that the continuation group generated a substantial amount of creative construction and produced significantly more instances of creative imitation than the retelling group. The continuation group outperformed the retelling group for both receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge gain and retention, but differences were only significant in terms of productive vocabulary retention. Finally, productive vocabulary knowledge retention among the continuation group was significantly and positively correlated with creative imitation (meaning creation coupled with language imitation), but not with linguistic alignment per se. As productive vocabulary knowledge constitutes the learner ’ s ability to use lexical knowledge to express ideas in dynamic contexts, the findings afforded evidence that creative imitation could be the answer to the fundamental issue of L2 learning (i.e., mapping static language onto dynamic idea expression). The pedagogical implications as well as future research directions are also discussed.
The Construct of the Story Continuation Writing Task: Insights From the China’s Standards of English Language Ability
Authors: Ye Wei , Ren Wei , Zheng Shan
Published: October 2021

Although the story continuation writing task (SCWT) has attracted much research attention, few studies have investigated the construct of the task, particularly with respect to which language competence it focuses on. In addition, although some studies have demonstrated that China’s Standards of English Language Ability (CSE) provides comprehensive insights into the development of Chinese learners’ English language proficiency, little research has investigated the relationship between CSE and SCWT. This study drew upon the CSE to develop an SCWT language use inventory to address the above research gaps. A total of 358 high school students were asked to complete the questionnaire, of which 277 valid responses were analyzed. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on the CSE-based questionnaire revealed the presence of six factors, namely language correctness, language variety, task planning, connecting-and-generating, selecting-and-mining, and organizing. The strategy of connecting-and-generating was the only significant predictor of the learners’ SCWT scores. The paper also discusses the findings relating to the SCWT rating and other integrated writing tasks.
Understanding Le Châtelier’s principle fundamentals: five key questions
Authors: Peris Miguel
Published: October 2021

The well-known Le Châtelier’s principle is almost always mentioned when dealing with chemical equilibrium. Nevertheless, although a must in most general chemistry courses starting from the secondary level, when students face questions about it, some major misconceptions are often highlighted; to avoid this, a somewhat challenging problem is now presented. It can be deemed a very useful tool for a full understanding of this principle and chemical equilibrium as a whole. A generic chemical reaction at equilibrium is subject to different types of perturbation, and the student is required – in each case – to identify the new position of equilibrium among a number of proposals. The correct answers are finally provided along with the corresponding explanations.
The Emblem Texts at Tådene, Västergötland
Authors: McKeown Simon
Published: October 2021

The church of Tådene in Västergötland is home to a series of painted panels dating from the early 1700s. Before their restitution to the church in the 1960s, the panels were stored in a mausoleum, putting them beyond the scrutiny of scholars. This obscurity helped conceal the fact that the panels constitute the most sophisticated surviving programme of emblems to be found in any church in Sweden, remarkable in scale, scope, and invention. This article presents for the first time the source of the emblems at Tådene, and argues that a factor in the programme’s success is the role played in the composition of the poetic texts added to the emblems, and that, moreover, the author of these interventions was one of Sweden’s leading literary figures of the Baroque, Johan Runius. Not only was Runius resident in the parish of Tådene at the time when these panels took form, but his literary production in these years mark his only known attempts at the emblem genre. Through the confluence of date, place, and style, the article suggests that the texts of Tådene’s emblems merit investigation as lost poems dating from an early stage of Runius’s short career.
Dänemark – Hollywood – Europa
Authors: Hochscherf Tobias
Published: October 2021

Thomas Vinterberg is one of Scandinavia’s well-respected contemporary directors. His career is best noted for his involvement in the launch of the Dogma 95 Manifesto and it was his acclaimed Festen (DK 1998) that started the prolific film movement that followed. Yet, as this article shows, Vinterberg repeatedly tried to reinvent himself as an artist, taking on different genres, themes and aesthetic approaches. When his all-star science fiction film It’s All about Love (2003) and his pan-European co-productions met with the disapproval of critics and audiences alike, he returned to realist films. The subsequent success of his dramas – including Submarino (2010), Jagten (2012) and Druk (2020) – reinstated his status of an auteur filmmaker. The three films share a number of continuities, including a penchant for themes of homecoming, dysfunctional family relations and everyday socio-cultural conflicts within the limits of close-knit communities or circles of friends.