bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Coble quadric
Authors: Benedetti Vladimiro , Bolognesi Michele , Faenzi Daniele , Manivel Laurent
Published: May 2024

Given a smooth genus three curve C, the moduli space of rank two stable vector bundles on C with trivial determinant embeds in

${\mathbb {P}}^8$

as a hypersurface whose singular locus is the Kummer threefold of C; this hypersurface is the Coble quartic. Gruson, Sam and Weyman realized that this quartic could be constructed from a general skew-symmetric four-form in eight variables. Using the lines contained in the quartic, we prove that a similar construction allows to recover

$\operatorname {\mathrm {SU}}_C(2,L)$

, the moduli space of rank two stable vector bundles on C with fixed determinant of odd degree L, as a subvariety of

$G(2,8)$

. In fact, each point

$p\in C$

defines a natural embedding of

$\operatorname {\mathrm {SU}}_C(2,{\mathcal {O}}(p))$

in

$G(2,8)$

. We show that, for the generic such embedding, there exists a unique quadratic section of the Grassmannian which is singular exactly along the image of

$\operatorname {\mathrm {SU}}_C(2,{\mathcal {O}}(p))$

and thus deserves to be coined the Coble quadric of the pointed curve

$(C,p)$

.
Role of volatility and thermal properties in droplet spreading: a generalisation to Tanner's law
Authors: Wang Zhenying , Karapetsas George , Valluri Prashant , Inoue Chihiro
Published: May 2024

Droplet spreading is ubiquitous and plays a significant role in liquid-based energy systems, thermal management devices and microfluidics. While the spreading of non-volatile droplets is quantitatively understood, the spreading and flow transition in volatile droplets remains elusive due to the complexity added by interfacial phase change and non-equilibrium thermal transport. Here we show, using both mathematical modelling and experiments, that the wetting dynamics of volatile droplets can be scaled by the spatial–temporal interplay between capillary, evaporation and thermal Marangoni effects. We elucidate and quantify these complex interactions using phase diagrams based on systematic theoretical and experimental investigations. A spreading law of evaporative droplets is derived by extending Tanner's law (valid for non-volatile liquids) to a full range of liquids with saturation vapour pressure spanning from

$10^1$

to

$10^4$

Pa and on substrates with thermal conductivity from

$10^{-1}$

to

$10^3\ {\rm W}\ {\rm m}^{-1}\ {\rm K}^{-1}$

. In addition to its importance in fluid-based industries, the conclusions also enable a unifying explanation to a series of individual works including the criterion of flow reversal and the state of dynamic wetting, making it possible to control liquid transport in diverse application scenarios.
Peristaltic pumping down a porous conduit
Authors: Takagi D. , Balmforth N.J. , Llewellyn Smith Stefan G.
Published: May 2024

A theoretical analysis is presented of peristaltic pumping down a narrow conduit with permeable walls, motivated by the flushing action of lugworms and other marine organisms in sandy burrows. Flow in the conduit is dealt with using lubrication theory; the leakage into the surrounding medium is taken into account by exploiting slender-body theory to solve the associated Darcy problem. By adopting a model for the local force balance on the pumping surface, we bridge between the limits in which the pump operates with either fixed load or displacement. In the latter limit we characterize peristaltic waves with either fixed form or ones that partially collapse the conduit. We construct pump characteristics (the relation between the mean flux and net pressure drop) when the burrow wall is impermeable and pressures are fixed at each end, and compare the results with existing laboratory experiments performed on lugworms. We then consider how the peristaltic dynamics is changed when the wall is made permeable. Last, we consider pumping along an impermeable burrow into a leaky head shaft. The results reveal that the permeability of the conduit wall or end can greatly impact the direction and strength of the recirculating flow.
A remarkable spiny arachnid from the Pennsylvanian Mazon Creek Lagerstätte, Illinois
Authors: Selden Paul A. , Dunlop Jason A.
Published: May 2024

A new genus and species of arachnid (Chelicerata: Arachnida), Douglassarachne acanthopoda n. gen. n. sp., is described from the late Carboniferous (Moscovian) Coal Measures of the Mazon Creek Lagerstätte, Illinois, USA. This is a unique animal with distinctive large spines on the legs. It has a subovate body, a segmented opisthosoma, and a terminal anal tubercle. The legs are robust and appear to have been similar in construction throughout the limb series, with heavy spination of the preserved proximal podomeres. The mouthparts and coxo-sternal region are equivocal. The preserved character combination does not permit easy referral to any known arachnid order, living or extinct, thus the new fossil in placed as Arachnida/Pantetrapulmonata incertae sedis. It contributes to an emerging pattern of disparate body plans among late Carboniferous arachnids, ranging from anatomically modern members of living orders through to extinct taxa, such as the present fossil, whose phylogenetic position remains unresolved.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/b70f5f95-9c8b-4389-bee5-b6031bff2ee2
Can requests for real-world evidence by the French HTA body be planned? An exhaustive retrospective case–control study of medicinal products appraisals from 2016 to 2021
Authors: Fernandez Judith , Babin Céleste , Thomassin Camille , Pelon Floriane , Kelley Sophie , Cochat Pierre , Galbraith Margaret , Berdaï Driss , Pariente Antoine , Salvo Francesco , Vanier Antoine
Published: May 2024

Objectives

In France, decisions for pricing and reimbursement for medicinal products are based on appraisals performed by the National authority for health (Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS)). During the appraisal process, additional real-world evidence can be requested as “Post-Registration Studies” (PRS) when there are uncertainties in evidence that could be resolved by additional data collection. To facilitate PRS planning, a retrospective exploratory analysis was conducted to identify the characteristics of medicinal products associated with a PRS request.

Methods

This analysis encompassed all appraisals finalized between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2021 and compared products for which the appraisal led to a PRS request with those that did not.

Results

Six hundred positive opinions for reimbursement were identified, with a PRS request present in 17 percent (n = 103) of cases. The independent characteristics associated with a PRS request were a mild or moderate clinical benefit score, a major to moderate or minor clinical added value score, previous availability under an early access program, and certain therapeutic areas (neurology, pulmonology, and endocrinology). These findings suggest two different profiles of PRS requests: (i) products for which there is uncertainty in the size of the clinical benefit and (ii) innovative products for which a substantial benefit is expected but uncertainties persist.

Conclusions

These results will assist health technology developers to better anticipate data generation to promptly address uncertainties identified by HAS. It may also help HAS and other assessment agencies to work together to improve postlaunch evidence generation according to the characteristics of the medicinal products.
The impact of high-immersion virtual reality on EFL learners’ foreign language speaking anxiety: A mixed-method approach
Authors: Ding Miaomiao
Published: May 2024

High-immersion virtual reality (HiVR) attracts increasing attention among language learning researchers because of its potential to enhance language learning. Prior studies focused mainly on HiVR and linguistic knowledge acquisition, and little is known about HiVR and emotions in language learning. Foreign language speaking anxiety (FLSA) is a common emotion that inhibits language learning and use, so it is important to explore approaches to alleviate it. This study investigated the potential use of HiVR for coping with FLSA in which 140 Chinese EFL learners were randomly assigned to four groups (35 students each) with a different combination of learning environments (HiVR or classroom) and learning principles (situated learning or teacher-centred learning). Students’ pre- and post-test of FLSA levels within and among four groups were compared via t-tests and ANOVA. Participants’ descriptions of FLSA change and perceptions of the effects of HiVR on FLSA were integrated with quantitative results for analysis. The integration of analysis showed that although most students perceived HiVR as a useful tool for alleviating FLSA, it is difficult for them to apply the reduced anxiety experienced in HiVR to real-life situations. The statistical results also showed that HiVR did not influence students’ real-life FLSA significantly. Most participants reported that HiVR offered them an authentic environment and enjoyable learning activities, which engaged them in learning, but the use of avatars in HiVR sometimes created an obstacle to communication. Implications for using HiVR technology to enhance foreign language learning are provided.
Integrating Disaster and Dignitary Medicine Principles into a Medical Framework for Organizational Travel Health and Security Planning
Authors: Tin Derrick , Granholm Fredrik , Guirguis Michael , Almulhim Mobarak , Ciottone Gregory
Published: May 2024

This Editorial explores organizational travel risk management and advocates for a comprehensive approach to fortify health security for travelers, emphasizing proactive risk management, robust assessments, and strategic planning. Leveraging insights from very important persons (VIP) protocols, organizations can enhance duty of care and ensure personnel safety amidst global travel complexities.
Non-suicidal self-injury in trichotillomania and skin picking disorder
Authors: Grant Jon E. , Collins Madison
Published: May 2024

Background

Trichotillomania and skin picking disorder have been characterized as body-focused repetitive behavior (BFRB) disorders (i.e., repetitive self-grooming behaviors that involve biting, pulling, picking, or scraping one’s own hair, skin, lips, cheeks, or nails). Trichotillomania and skin picking disorder have also historically been classified, by some, as types of compulsive self-injury as they involve repetitive hair pulling and skin picking, respectively. The question of the relationship of these disorders to more conventional forms of self-injury such as cutting or self-burning remains incompletely investigated. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of these two disorders with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI).

Methods

Adults with trichotillomania (n = 93) and skin picking (n = 105) or both (n = 82) were recruited from the general population using advertisements and online support groups and completed an online survey. Participants completed self-report instruments to characterize clinical profiles and associated characteristics. In addition, each participant completed a mental health history questionnaire.

Results

Of the 280 adults with BFRB disorders, 141 (50.1%) reported a history of self-injury independent of hair pulling and skin picking. Participants with a history of self-injury reported significantly worse pulling and picking symptoms (p < .001) and were significantly more likely to have co-occurring alcohol problems (p < .001), borderline personality disorder (p < .001), buying disorder (p < .001), gambling disorder (p < .001), compulsive sex behavior (p < 001), and binge eating disorder (p = .041).

Conclusions

NSSI appears common in trichotillomania and skin picking disorder and may be part of a larger constellation of behaviors associated with impulse control or reward-related dysfunction.
Association between plant-based diet quality and chronic kidney disease in Australian adults
Authors: Stanford Jordan , Stefoska-Needham Anita , Lambert Kelly , Batterham Marijka J , Charlton Karen
Published: May 2024

Objective:

To examine associations between three different plant-based diet quality indices, chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence and related risk factors in a nationally representative sample of the Australian population.

Design:

Cross-sectional analysis. Three plant-based diet scores were calculated using data from two 24-h recalls: an overall plant-based diet index (PDI), a healthy PDI (hPDI) and an unhealthy PDI (uPDI). Consumption of plant and animal ingredients from ‘core’ and ‘discretionary’ products was also differentiated. Associations between the three PDI scores and CKD prevalence, BMI, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP) measures, blood cholesterol, apo B, fasting TAG, blood glucose levels (BGL) and HbA1c were examined.

Setting:

Australian Health Survey 2011–2013.

Participants:

n 2060 adults aged ≥ 18 years (males: n 928; females: n 1132).

Results:

A higher uPDI score was associated with a 3·7 % higher odds of moderate-severe CKD (OR: 1·037 (1·0057–1·0697); P = 0·021)). A higher uPDI score was also associated with increased TAG (P = 0·032) and BGL (P < 0·001), but lower total- and LDL-cholesterol (P = 0·035 and P = 0·009, respectively). In contrast, a higher overall PDI score was inversely associated with WC (P < 0·001) and systolic BP (P = 0·044), while higher scores for both the overall PDI and hPDI were inversely associated with BMI (P < 0·001 and P = 0·019, respectively).

Conclusions:

A higher uPDI score reflecting greater intakes of refined grains, salty plant-based foods and added sugars were associated with increased CKD prevalence, TAG and BGL. In the Australian population, attention to diet quality remains paramount, even in those with higher intakes of plant foods and who wish to reduce the risk of CKD.
Does the World Trade Organization Enable Biosecurity and Trade for Importers and Exporters?
Authors: Fernandez Linda , Das Monica
Published: May 2024

Our paper sheds light on Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) cooperation among trading countries. We contribute to the existing literature a data-driven analysis on the effectiveness of various forms (in monetary value, duration, and diversification) of SPS related technical assistance received by 33 countries from 1993 to 2015. The World Trade Organization's (WTO's) SPS Agreement encourages biosecurity for countries through technical assistance, to safeguard human health and productivity from contamination by biological hazards (pests, pathogens, or invasive species). Our panel model finds that WTO's SPS program encourages simultaneously agricultural trade and biosecurity. We implement a Multiple Indicator Solution (MIS) to correct bias from the endogenous technical assistance. The effectiveness of technical assistance depends on geography and the level of development among the heterogeneous countries referred to in our data. This investment in biosecurity benefits both donors and recipients of technical assistance. Based on our results donors should be encouraged to invest in countries with below average resources and abilities.
TRICE‐2/SuperDARN Observations and Comparison With the Associated MMS Magnetopause Crossing
Authors: Trattner K. J. , Fuselier S. A. , Kletzing C. A. , Bonnell J. W. , Bounds S. R. , Petrinec S. M. , Sawyer R. P. , Yeoman T. K. , Ergun R. E. , Burch J. L.
Published: May 2024

Two sounding rockets, designated TRICE‐2, were launched on 8 December 2018 into the northern cusp region. The two rockets were designated the high‐ and low‐flyers, respectively, and launched 2 min apart to investigate cusp structures, specifically their spatial or temporal nature. 2 hr prior to the cusp encounter by the TRICE‐2 rockets, the MMS satellites, located in the magnetopause boundary layer, observed switching ion beams under very similar IMF conditions as later observed by TRICE‐2. The observed ion beam switch in the boundary layer defined the location of the primary dayside X‐line. Both, TRICE‐2 and MMS, also observed the signatures of multiple X‐lines at the magnetopause, overlapping ion‐energy dispersions in the cusp and counterstreaming ion beams in the magnetopause boundary layer, respectively. In addition to the TRICE‐2 cusp observations, ionospheric convection patterns from the SuperDARN radar are used to explain the vastly different cusp ion signatures observed by the TRICE‐2 rockets. While the high‐flyer rocket progressed north through the center of the cusp, the low‐flyer rocket drifted off to the east and crossed into the dusk convection cell, traveling perpendicular to the ionospheric convection direction before reaching the poleward oriented section of the convection cell also observed by the high‐flyer counterpart.
Statistics of Bubble Plumes Generated by Breaking Surface Waves
Authors: Derakhti Morteza , Thomson Jim , Bassett Christopher , Malila Mika , Kirby James T.
Published: May 2024

We examine the dependence of the penetration depth and fractional surface area (e.g., whitecap coverage) of bubble plumes generated by breaking surface waves on various wind and wave parameters over a wide range of sea state conditions in the North Pacific Ocean, including storms with sustained winds up to 22 m s−1 and significant wave heights up to 10 m. Our observations include arrays of freely drifting SWIFT buoys together with shipboard systems, which enabled concurrent high‐resolution measurements of wind, waves, bubble plumes, and turbulence. We estimate bubble plume penetration depth from echograms extending to depths of more than 30 m in a surface‐following reference frame collected by downward‐looking echosounders integrated onboard the buoys. Our observations indicate that mean and maximum bubble plume penetration depths exceed 10 and 30 m beneath the surface during high winds, respectively, with plume residence times of many wave periods. They also establish strong correlations between bubble plume depths and wind speeds, spectral wave steepness, and whitecap coverage. Interestingly, we observe a robust linear correlation between plume depths, when scaled by the total significant wave height, and the inverse of wave age. However, scaled plume depths exhibit non‐monotonic variations with increasing wind speeds. Additionally, we explore the dependencies of the combined observations on various non‐dimensional predictors used for whitecap coverage estimation. This study provides the first field evidence of a direct relation between bubble plume penetration depth and whitecap coverage, suggesting that the volume of bubble plumes could be estimated by remote sensing.
Global Ocean pCO2 Variation Regimes: Spatial Patterns and the Emergence of a Hybrid Regime
Authors: Guo Yiming , Timmermans Mary‐Louise
Published: May 2024

The variability in ocean surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), driven by both physical and biological processes, substantially influences air‐sea carbon exchange. It is widely recognized that the pCO2 variation at a specific ocean location is primarily dominated by either thermal or nonthermal effects. However, the distinct pCO2 variation regimes, their global distribution, and the mechanisms underlying such patterns have yet to be fully determined due to a paucity of global observations. Through the use of observation‐based products and an eddy‐resolving ocean simulation, this study demonstrates the presence of three distinct regimes in the global ocean: one in which sea surface temperature (SST) is the dominant control on pCO2 variations; another in which dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is the primary control; and a third previously uncharacterized hybrid regime where pCO2 variations are governed by seasonally‐varying factors. This hybrid regime is generally located between SST‐ and DIC‐dominated regimes and occupies approximately 15% of the global ocean. The regimes broadly exist in zonal bands that are closely linked to the relative strengths of SST and DIC variances. Seasonally‐varying mixed‐layer depth, mesoscale variability (quantified in terms of eddy kinetic energy), and biological processes modulate local pCO2 variations and play significant roles in shaping the global pattern of regime distributions. Understanding the distribution of pCO2 regimes, including the hybrid regime revealed in this study, as well as their different oceanic drivers, is essential for future predictions of ocean carbon uptake in response to global warming.
Contribution of Recycled and External Advected Moisture to Precipitation and Its Inter‐Annual Variation Over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Ma Mengnan , Tang Jianping , Ou Tinghai , Chen Deliang
Published: May 2024

In this study, we performed a high‐resolution simulation using the Weather Research and Forecasting model, integrated with water vapor tracers, covering the years 2005–2019. Our objective was to obtain deeper insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of external advected and local evaporative water vapor, and to elucidate their impact on precipitation patterns across the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Our findings underscore that a significant proportion of TP's precipitation originates from external advected water vapor, primarily entering through the western and southern boundaries. During summer, stronger zonal and meridional water vapor transport, driven by prevailing westerly winds and the Asian monsoon, significantly influences seasonal and spatial precipitation variations. Additionally, we observed that the inter‐annual variation of precipitation is intricately linked to changes in the net water vapor influx, modulated by alterations in atmospheric circulation. We also analyze the Precipitation Recycling Ratio (PRR) which refers to the proportion of precipitation originated from local evaporative water vapor to the total precipitation, revealing distinctive elevation‐dependent variations aligned with grassland distribution. Notably, PRR exhibits asynchronous shifts with precipitation at different timescales, potentially linked to soil moisture‐precipitation feedback at intra‐annual scales. Moreover, the investigation highlights that inter‐annual variations in PRR are primarily linked to the inflow and outflow of water vapor as well as wind strength at 500 hPa, particularly prominent during colder seasons, while thermal factors carry comparable weight to dynamical factors in warmer seasons.
Properties of Electrons Accelerated by the Ganymede‐Magnetosphere Interaction: Survey of Juno High‐Latitude Observations
Authors: Rabia J. , Hue V. , André N. , Nénon Q. , Szalay J. R. , Allegrini F. , Sulaiman A. H. , Louis C. K. , Greathouse T. K. , Sarkango Y. , Santos‐Costa D. , Blanc M. , Penou E. , Louarn P. , Ebert R. W. , Gladstone G. R. , Mura A. , Connerney J. E. P. , Bolton S. J.
Published: May 2024

The encounter between the Jovian co‐rotating plasma and Ganymede gives rise to electromagnetic waves that propagate along the magnetic field lines and accelerate particles by resonant or non‐resonant wave‐particle interaction. They ultimately precipitate into Jupiter's atmosphere and trigger auroral emissions. In this study, we use Juno/JADE, Juno/UVS data, and magnetic field line tracing to characterize the properties of electrons accelerated by the Ganymede‐magnetosphere interaction in the far‐field region. We show that the precipitating energy flux exhibits an exponential decay as a function of downtail distance from the moon, with an e‐folding value of 29°, consistent with previous UV observations from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We characterize the electron energy distributions and show that two distributions exist. Electrons creating the Main Alfvén Wing (MAW) spot and the auroral tail always have broadband distribution and a mean characteristic energy of 2.2 keV while in the region connected to the Transhemispheric Electron Beam (TEB) spot the electrons are distributed non‐monotonically, with a higher characteristic energy above 10 keV. Based on the observation of bidirectional electron beams, we suggest that Juno was located within the acceleration region during the 11 observations reported. We thus estimate that the acceleration region is extended, at least, between an altitude of 0.5 and 1.3 Jupiter radius above the 1‐bar surface. Finally, we estimate the size of the interaction region in the Ganymede orbital plane using far‐field measurements. These observations provide important insights for the study of particle acceleration processes involved in moon‐magnetosphere interactions.
Cognitive performance as a behavioral phenotype associated with cocaine self-administration in female and male socially housed monkeys
Authors: Allen Mia I. , Costa Marissa B. , Johnson Bernard N. , Gould Robert W. , Nader Michael A.
Published: May 2024

Considerable research has suggested that certain cognitive domains may contribute to cocaine misuse. However, there are gaps in the literature regarding whether cognitive performance before drug exposure predicts susceptibility to cocaine self-administration and how cognitive performance relates to future cocaine intake. Thus, the present study aimed to examine cognitive performance, as measured using automated CANTAB cognitive battery, prior to and following acquisition of cocaine self-administration under a concurrent drug vs. food choice procedure in female and male socially housed cynomolgus macaques. The cognitive battery consisted of measures of associative learning (stimulus and compound discrimination tasks), behavioral flexibility (intradimensional and extradimensional tasks), and behavioral inhibition (stimulus discrimination reversal, SDR, and extra-dimensional reversal tasks). After assessing cognitive performance, monkeys were trained to self-administer cocaine (saline, 0.01–0.1 mg/kg/injection) under a concurrent cocaine vs. food schedule of reinforcement. After a history of cocaine self-administration across 3-4 years, the cognitive battery was re-assessed and compared with sensitivity to cocaine reinforcement. Results showed drug-naïve monkeys that were less accurate on the SDR task, measuring behavioral inhibition, were more sensitive to cocaine reinforcement under the concurrent cocaine vs. food choice procedure. Furthermore, following chronic cocaine self-administration, cocaine intake was a negative predictor of accuracy on the SDR behavioral inhibition task. After cocaine maintenance, monkeys with higher cocaine intakes required more trials to complete the SDR behavioral inhibition task and made more incorrect responses during these trials. No sex or social rank differences were noted. Overall, these findings suggest that cognitive performance may influence vulnerability to cocaine misuse. Also, chronic cocaine may decrease levels of behavioral inhibition as measured via the SDR task in both females and males.
Supramolecular trapping of a cationic all-metal σ-aromatic {Bi4} ring
Authors: Yadav Ravi , Maiti Avijit , Schorpp Marcel , Graf Jürgen , Weigend Florian , Greb Lutz
Published: May 2024

Aromaticity in organic molecules is well defined, but its role in metal-only rings remains controversial. Here we introduce a supramolecular stabilization approach of a cationic {Bi4} rhomboid within the symmetric charge sphere of two bowl-shaped dianionic calix[4]pyrrolato indinates. Crystallographic and spectroscopic characterization, quantum chemical analysis and magnetically induced ring currents indicate σ-aromaticity in the formally tetracationic 16-valence electron [Bi4]4+ ring. Computational screening for other p-block elements identifies the planar rhomboid as the globally preferred structure for 16-valence electron four-atomic clusters. The aromatic [Bi4]4+ is isoelectronic to the [Al4]4−, a motif previously observed as antiaromatic in Li3[Al4]− in the gas phase. Thus, subtle factors such as charge isotropy seem to decide over aromaticity or antiaromaticity, advising for caution in debates based on the Hückel model—a concept valid for second-row elements but less deterministic for the heavier congeners.
A nucleophilic beryllyl complex via metathesis at [Be–Be]2+
Authors: Boronski Josef T. , Crumpton Agamemnon E. , Roper Aisling F. , Aldridge Simon
Published: May 2024

Owing to its high toxicity, the chemistry of element number four, beryllium, is poorly understood. However, as the lightest elements provide the basis for fundamental models of chemical bonding, there is a need for greater insight into the properties of beryllium. In this context, the chemistry of the homo-elemental Be–Be bond is of fundamental interest. Here the ligand metathesis chemistry of diberyllocene (1; CpBeBeCp)—a stable complex with a Be–Be bond—has been investigated. These studies yield two complexes with Be–Be bonds: Cp*BeBeCp (2) and [K{(HCDippN)2BO}2]BeBeCp (3; Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl). Quantum chemical calculations indicate that the Be–Be bond in 3 is polarized to such an extent that the complex could be formulated as a mixed-oxidation state Be0/BeII complex. Correspondingly, it is demonstrated that 3 can transfer the ‘beryllyl’ anion, [BeCp]−, to an organic substrate, by analogy with the reactivity of sp2–sp3 diboranes. Indeed, this work reveals striking similarities between the homo-elemental bonding linkages of beryllium and boron, despite the respective metallic and non-metallic natures of these elements.
A prognostic neural epigenetic signature in high-grade glioma
Authors: Drexler Richard , Khatri Robin , Sauvigny Thomas , Mohme Malte , Maire Cecile L. , Ryba Alice , Zghaibeh Yahya , Dührsen Lasse , Salviano-Silva Amanda , Lamszus Katrin , Westphal Manfred , Gempt Jens , Wefers Annika K. , Neumann Julia E. , Bode Helena , Hausmann Fabian , Huber Tobias B. , Bonn Stefan , Jütten Kerstin , Delev Daniel , Weber Katharina J. , Harter Patrick N. , Onken Julia , Vajkoczy Peter , Capper David , Wiestler Benedikt , Weller Michael , Snijder Berend , Buck Alicia , Weiss Tobias , Göller Pauline C. , Sahm Felix , Menstel Joelle Aline , Zimmer David Niklas , Keough Michael B. , Ni Lijun , Monje Michelle , Silverbush Dana , Hovestadt Volker , Suvà Mario L. , Krishna Saritha , Hervey-Jumper Shawn L. , Schüller Ulrich , Heiland Dieter H. , Hänzelmann Sonja , Ricklefs Franz L.
Published: May 2024

Neural–tumor interactions drive glioma growth as evidenced in preclinical models, but clinical validation is limited. We present an epigenetically defined neural signature of glioblastoma that independently predicts patients’ survival. We use reference signatures of neural cells to deconvolve tumor DNA and classify samples into low- or high-neural tumors. High-neural glioblastomas exhibit hypomethylated CpG sites and upregulation of genes associated with synaptic integration. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals a high abundance of malignant stemcell-like cells in high-neural glioblastoma, primarily of the neural lineage. These cells are further classified as neural-progenitor-cell-like, astrocyte-like and oligodendrocyte-progenitor-like, alongside oligodendrocytes and excitatory neurons. In line with these findings, high-neural glioblastoma cells engender neuron-to-glioma synapse formation in vitro and in vivo and show an unfavorable survival after xenografting. In patients, a high-neural signature is associated with decreased overall and progression-free survival. High-neural tumors also exhibit increased functional connectivity in magnetencephalography and resting-state magnet resonance imaging and can be detected via DNA analytes and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients’ plasma. The prognostic importance of the neural signature was further validated in patients diagnosed with diffuse midline glioma. Our study presents an epigenetically defined malignant neural signature in high-grade gliomas that is prognostically relevant. High-neural gliomas likely require a maximized surgical resection approach for improved outcomes.
Multisensory-inspired modeling and neural correlates for two key binocular interactions
Authors: Billock Vincent A. , Dougherty Kacie , Kinney Micah J. , Preston Adam M. , Winterbottom Marc D.
Published: May 2024

Most binocular vision models assume that the two eyes sum incompletely. However, some facilitatory cortical neurons fire for only one eye, but amplify their firing rates if both eyes are stimulated. These ‘binocular gate’ neurons closely resemble subthreshold multisensory neurons. Binocular amplification for binocular gate neurons follows a power law, with a compressive exponent. Unexpectedly, this rule also applies to facilitatory true binocular neurons; although driven by either eye, binocular neurons are well modeled as gated amplifiers of their strongest monocular response, if both eyes are stimulated. Psychophysical data follows the same power law as the neural data, with a similar exponent; binocular contrast sensitivity can be modeled as a gated amplification of the more sensitive eye. These results resemble gated amplification phenomena in multisensory integration, and other non-driving modulatory interactions that affect sensory processing. Models of incomplete summation seem unnecessary for V1 facilitatory neurons or contrast sensitivity. However, binocular combination of clearly visible monocular stimuli follows Schrödinger’s nonlinear magnitude-weighted average. We find that putatively suppressive binocular neurons closely follow Schrödinger’s equation. Similar suppressive multisensory neurons are well documented but seldom studied. Facilitatory binocular neurons and mildly suppressive binocular neurons are likely neural correlates of binocular sensitivity and binocular appearance respectively.
Anthropometric and physiological profiles of highly trained sailors in various positions and levels
Authors: Pan Dandan , Sun Kaiyang , Liu Xiuxia
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to analyze anthropometric and physiological profiles of highly trained sailors and the differences between sailors regarding various training levels. Forty-two sailors (22 male, 22.4 ± 3.8 years; 20 females, 21.3 ± 3.6 years) were divided into helmsmen and crew groups, and the high- and low-level were distinguished. Sailors completed height, sitting height, legs length, weight, BMI, VO2max, 30 s all-out sprint, isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), countermovement jump, bench pull, core endurance tests. The results showed the crew had higher height, sitting height, weight, VO2max and lower trunk flexor endurance test times compared to the helmsmen (p < 0.05). The helmsmen had higher relative peak power/force in the 30 s all-out sprint and IMTP tests compared to the crew, whereas the crew had better absolute strength in bench pull, with significant differences between female sailors (p < 0.05). The high-level sailors showed more sailing experience than low-level sailors (p < 0.05). In conclusion, highly trained crew tend to be taller and heavier, while helmsmen have better trunk flexor endurance. For female sailors, helmsmen have better lower-body power and strength and crew have better upper-body strength. Sailing experience is a reliable variable to distinguish sailors’ levels. The specific anthropometric and physiological profiles of sailors in various positions can assist sailing coaches in athlete selection and intervention training.
Salivary analysis to unveil the paradigma of stress of domestic horses reared in the wild
Authors: Bazzano M. , Marchegiani A. , La Gualana F. , Petriti B. , Spaterna A. , Laus F.
Published: May 2024

Horse welfare is the product of multiple factors, including behavioral and physiological adjustments to cope with stressful situation regarding environment and housing condition. Collectively, it is supposed that a horse kept in the wild has a lower level of stress than other housing system, and the aim of the present study was to investigate the level of stress in domestic horses reared in the wild and then moved to human controlled housing, through saliva analysis. Twelve clinically healthy Catria (Italian local breed) mares, usually reared in the wild, were moved into collective paddocks for a folkloric event. Saliva samples were obtained before and after the change of housing condition to evaluate stress biomarkers including salivary cortisol, salivary alpha-amylase, and butyrylcholinesterase (BChol). The mares were also scored using the Welfare Aggregation and Guidance (WAG) Tool to highlight the presence of abnormal behaviors. Despite the absence of differences in behavioral scores between wild and paddocks, salivary cortisol and BChol were found to be higher in the wild and lower when mares were moved to paddocks. The highest concentrations in stress biomarkers like salivary cortisol and BChol in the wild was unexpected, but the need for managing hierarchical relationships, and the exposure to feral animals, predators, and weather changes, might explain these findings. The overall results of the present study may provide further knowledge toward stress response in domesticated horses living in the wild moved to human controlled housing system.
Supervised latent factor modeling isolates cell-type-specific transcriptomic modules that underlie Alzheimer’s disease progression
Authors: Hodgson Liam , Li Yue , Iturria-Medina Yasser , Stratton Jo Anne , Wolf Guy , Krishnaswamy Smita , Bennett David A. , Bzdok Danilo
Published: May 2024

Late onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, with brain changes beginning years before symptoms surface. AD is characterized by neuronal loss, the classic feature of the disease that underlies brain atrophy. However, GWAS reports and recent single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) efforts have highlighted that glial cells, particularly microglia, claim a central role in AD pathophysiology. Here, we tailor pattern-learning algorithms to explore distinct gene programs by integrating the entire transcriptome, yielding distributed AD-predictive modules within the brain’s major cell-types. We show that these learned modules are biologically meaningful through the identification of new and relevant enriched signaling cascades. The predictive nature of our modules, especially in microglia, allows us to infer each subject’s progression along a disease pseudo-trajectory, confirmed by post-mortem pathological brain tissue markers. Additionally, we quantify the interplay between pairs of cell-type modules in the AD brain, and localized known AD risk genes to enriched module gene programs. Our collective findings advocate for a transition from cell-type-specificity to gene modules specificity to unlock the potential of unique gene programs, recasting the roles of recently reported genome-wide AD risk loci.
Melanophilin regulates dendritogenesis in melanocytes for feather pigmentation
Authors: Kim Dong-Hwan , Lee Joonbum , Ko Jae-Kyun , Lee Kichoon
Published: May 2024

Limited studies using animal models with a few natural mutations in melanophilin (Mlph) provided partial functions of Mlph in melanosome trafficking. To investigate cellular functions of Mlph, especially ZnF motif of Mlph, we analyzed all three Mlph knockout (KO) quail lines, one and two base pair (bp) deletions as models for total KO, and three bp deletion causing deletion of one Cysteine (C84del) in the ZnF motif. All quail lines had diluted feather pigmentation with impaired dendritogenesis and melanosome transport in melanocytes. In vitro studies revealed capability of binding of the ZnF motif to PIP3, and impairment of PI3P binding and mislocalization of MLPH proteins with ZnF motif mutations. The shortened melanocyte dendrites by the C84del mutation were rescued by introducing WT Mlph in vitro. These results revealed the diluted feather pigmentation by Mlph mutations resulted from congregation of melanosomes in the cell bodies with impairment of the dendritogenesis and the transport of melanosomes to the cell periphery.
Epidermal wearable optical sensors for sweat monitoring
Authors: Wang Jing , Luo Yong , Zhou Zhongzeng , Xiao Jingyu , Xu Tailin , Zhang Xueji
Published: May 2024

Wearable optical sensors have emerged as a promising technology, opening up a new way to monitor human sweat. With the advancement of integrated optical devices, optical materials, and structure design, the current optical skin interfaces primarily employ four analytical methods to transmit sweat chemical information into optical signals: colorimetry, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence, and electrochemiluminescence. To improve portability, many external laser source devices and imaging modules are upgraded based on different optical methods. Here, we summarize recent progress in optical sweat sensors, focusing on their principles, development, advantages, and limitations. Finally, current challenges and future prospects of wearable optical sensors in materials, sweat collection, data analysis, and external integrated electronics are discussed.
Spatially distinct epithelial and mesenchymal cell subsets along progressive lineage restriction in the branching embryonic mammary gland
Authors: Carabaña Claudia , Sun Wenjie , Veludo Ramos Camila , Huyghe Mathilde , Perkins Meghan , Maillot Aurélien , Journot Robin , Hartani Fatima , Faraldo Marisa M , Lloyd-Lewis Bethan , Fre Silvia
Published: May 2024

How cells coordinate morphogenetic cues and fate specification during development remains a fundamental question in organogenesis. The mammary gland arises from multipotent stem cells (MaSCs), which are progressively replaced by unipotent progenitors by birth. However, the lack of specific markers for early fate specification has prevented the delineation of the features and spatial localization of MaSC-derived lineage-committed progenitors. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing from E13.5 to birth, we produced an atlas of matched mouse mammary epithelium and mesenchyme and reconstructed the differentiation trajectories of MaSCs toward basal and luminal fate. We show that murine MaSCs exhibit lineage commitment just prior to the first sprouting events of mammary branching morphogenesis at E15.5. We identify early molecular markers for committed and multipotent MaSCs and define their spatial distribution within the developing tissue. Furthermore, we show that the mammary embryonic mesenchyme is composed of two spatially restricted cell populations, and that dermal mesenchyme-produced FGF10 is essential for embryonic mammary branching morphogenesis. Altogether, our data elucidate the spatiotemporal signals underlying lineage specification of multipotent MaSCs, and uncover the signals from mesenchymal cells that guide mammary branching morphogenesis.
Acoustic detection of a mutation-specific Ligase Chain Reaction based on liposome amplification
Authors: Naoumi Nikoletta , Araya-Farias Monica , Megariti Maria , Alexandre Lucile , Papadakis George , Descroix Stephanie , Gizeli Electra
Published: May 2024

Development of an acoustic methodology for the sensitive detection of LCR-amplified cancer mutations at a single point mutation-level.
Hydrothermal liquefaction integrated with wastewater treatment plants – life cycle assessment and technoeconomic analysis of process system options
Authors: Karka Paraskevi , Johannsen Ib , Papadokonstantakis Stavros
Published: May 2024

GHG emission savings and production costs of biofuels via Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) of sewage sludge present a potential degree of competitiveness.
Review on synthetic approaches and PEC activity performance of bismuth binary and mixed-anion compounds for potential applications in marine engineering
Authors: Zhang Jiaji , Mei Bingchu , Chen Huiyu , Sun Zaichun
Published: May 2024

Bismuth-based semiconductors possess promising optical and electrical properties, making them suitable for photoelectrochemical applications in marine engineering.
Aeroelectrolyte for atmospheric open electrochemical cells
Authors: Lim Yeji , Yoo Yoon Jeong , Kim Boran , Kim Suji , Kim Ga Yoon , Ryu Won-Hee
Published: May 2024

We propose an open-structured electrochemical cell system as a new form factor featuring an “aeroelectrolyte” that floats in the air and directly engages with the electrode surfaces.
Sailing towards sustainability: offshore wind's green hydrogen potential for decarbonization in coastal USA
Authors: Balaji Rishi Kaashyap , You Fengqi
Published: May 2024

A systems optimization framework and life cycle assessment to evaluate economic and environmental implications of green hydrogen produced offshore predicts a delivered cost of $2.50–$7.00 per kg H2 and life cycle GHG emissions below the 4 kg CO2e per kg H2 benchmark.
Carbon-negative hydrogen: aqueous phase reforming (APR) of glycerol over NiPt bimetallic catalyst coupled with CO2 sequestration
Authors: Santiago-Martínez Leoncio , Li Mengting , Munoz-Briones Paola , Vergara-Zambrano Javiera , Avraamidou Styliani , Dumesic James A. , Huber George W.
Published: May 2024

Carbon-negative H2 can be produced by coupling APR technology with CO2 sequestration. APR of glycerol over NiPt bimetallic catalyst coupled with CCUS can produce H2 with negative GHG emissions (–57 CO2 eq. per kg H2) using renewable electricity.
Introduction to the themed collection on ‘Targeting RNA with small molecules’
Authors: Brenk Ruth , Wu Peng , Duca Maria
Published: May 2024

Guest Editors Ruth Brenk, Peng Wu and Maria Duca introduce the RSC Medicinal Chemistry themed collection on ‘Targeting RNA with small molecules’.
Sensitivity improvement of Au-nanoparticle-based colorimetric probes via surface decoration of carbon quantum dots
Authors: Li Yi-Ting , Lo Chien Feng , Lin Kuan-Han , Liao Pin-Chao , Juan Joon Ching , Hsiao Po-Hsuan , Chen Chia-Yun
Published: May 2024

Highly sensitive and selective assessment of colorimetric Cu2+ detection is presented via an integrated probe design using functionalizing gold nanoparticles with carbon quantum dots.
A highly sensitive ethylene gas sensor based on PtO2-decorated SnO2 used to monitor the ripening and spoilage of fruits and vegetables that are stored at room temperature
Authors: Li Chunjie , You Xiaoyu , Zhao Xin , Yin Peisi , Liu Xingyu , Song Fei , Tang Zhipeng , Fu Huaian , Zhang Kai , Yu Shanshan , Yang Yongqi , Du Xiangmin , Jing Qiang , Liu Bo
Published: May 2024

An ultrasensitive ethylene gas sensor based on a p-PtO2–n-SnO2 heterostructure material, with a detection limit of 60 ppb, has been fabricated.
In situ exsolved CoFe alloys over perovskite toward enhanced ammonia synthesis
Authors: Du Yufeng , Su Xiang , Wang Xin , Ye Lingting , Xie Kui
Published: May 2024

This study via the synthesis of in situ exsolved CoFe alloy NPs for use as NRR catalysts for electrochemical synthesis of ammonia. Good results have been obtained.
Regioselective synthesis of spiro quinazolinones via sequential hydroalkoxylation and intramolecular amide-cyclization of alkynol ureas
Authors: Biswas Subhamoy , Bora Surjya Kumar , Arandhara Pallav Jyoti , Saikia Anil K.
Published: May 2024

Highly functionalized spiro-furan/pyran quinazolinones employing a cascade hydroalkoxylation-intramolecular amide-cyclization of alkynol ureas in excellent yields and exclusive regioselectivity have been unveiled.
Ultrafast charge transfer in a PDY-132:F8T2 polymer blend for lowering turn on voltage in OLEDs: implications of low Urbach energy and faster photoluminescence dynamics
Authors: Yadav Surendra K. , Singh Jay
Published: May 2024

PDY-132 and its blends with different concentrations of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-co-3 bithiophene) F8T2 were employed as an emissive matrix for organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs).
Synthesis of the first 4-oxobutane-1,1,2,2-tetracarbonitriles containing a phenol fragment and their transformation into cyano-substituted pyrrol-2-ones showing three-position molecular switching
Authors: Belikov Mikhail Yu. , Milovidova Angelina G. , Ievlev Mikhail Yu. , Fedoseev Sergey V.
Published: May 2024

A new branch of diversity-oriented synthesis based on nitrile-rich substrates was discovered. The preparation of switchable multicolor pyrrole derivatives was shown.