bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internally-headed relative clauses in sign languages
Authors: Wilbur Ronnie
Published: April 2017

This chapter considers relative clause data from sign languages in light of their variation with respect to basic word order, nonmanual marking, and presence/absence of internally-headed and externally-headed relative clauses. Syntactically, a double merge cartographic model (Cinque 2005a; b), following Brunelli (2011), is adopted. The differences across sign languages are suggested to result from differences in raising requirements with respect to the relative clauses themselves and with respect to their heads, rather than basic word order, use of complementizers, relative pronouns, or nominalizers, or (type of) nonmanual marking. Typologically, it is noted that several of the SVO SLs have IHRCs, that at least one SOV SL does not have IHRCs, and that three of the SLs have both internally-headed (IHRCs) and externally-headed (EHRCs) relative clauses.This article is part of the special collection: Internally-headed Relative Clauses
Middle School Students’ Perceptions of Bullying
Authors: Rawlings Jared R.
Published: April 2017

This descriptive study explored middle school band students’ (N = 291) perceptions of bullying behavior. Research questions were designed to generate data regarding the frequency of physical, verbal, and socially aggressive acts self-reported by middle school students enrolled in the band class while in the band classroom, during band-related activities, as well as within the school setting. Using a researcher-modified version of Parada’s (2000) Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument (Cronbach’s alpha = .95 Perpetrator Scale / .95 Victimization Scale) with a response rate of 88%, adolescents in 6th–8th grade were asked to report the frequency of aggressive behaviors. Participants reported experiencing peer victimization more frequently outside of the band classroom than inside the band classroom. Male participants reported slightly higher frequencies of physical victimization than females and Minoritized band students reported slightly higher frequencies of social aggression than White band students. Results suggest that band students’ experiences with bullying behaviors differ depending on biological sex and self-reported race. Suggestions for future research and implications for the profession are discussed.
Vulnerable Experiences in Music Education: Possibilities and Problems for Growth and Connectivity
Authors: Richerme Lauren Kapalka
Published: April 2017

Despite the pervasive potential for teachers and students to experience vulnerability during musically educative endeavors, vulnerability remains largely absent from music education philosophy and discourse. The purpose of this philosophical inquiry is to examine and extend contemporary vulnerability literature and to consider how music educators and students might interface with vulnerable experiences. Vulnerable experiences involve uncertainty, risk, and emotional exposure. The destabilizing of one’s current self-conception that enables personal exploration and development often involves vulnerable experiences. Yet, without any limits, including considering particularly vulnerable individuals, such experiences may inhibit teachers’ and students’ growth. Alternatively, in instances when others meet one’s emotionally exposed musical endeavors with acceptance, vulnerable experiences can facilitate the formation of interpersonal connections as well as foster the development of communities based on shared self-loss. This connectivity, however, can have detrimental consequences if it becomes the primary purpose of music education or if it leads to group solidarity that inhibits critical thinking. While music educators and students might welcome vulnerable experiences into their practices and facilitate spaces in which they can explore them, student input and considerations of autonomy might guide critical deliberations regarding their possible drawbacks and limits.
Investigation of Integrated Behavior Therapy for Selective Mutism: A Replicated Single-Case Study Design
Authors: Siroky Allison K. , Carlson John S. , Kotrba Aimee
Published: April 2017

Selective Mutism (SM) is a rare but potentially debilitating disorder characterized by a lack of speech in certain settings where speaking is expected. This study examined the effectiveness of a shortened version (12 sessions over 18 weeks) of Integrated Behavior Therapy for Selective Mutism (IBTSM; Bergman, 2013) in increasing speech and relieving anxiety for two four-year-old males with SM via a replicated single-case design. Treatment effectiveness, integrity, and acceptability were measured at baseline, throughout treatment, and at a three-month follow-up. Treatment integrity was excellent for both cases. SM severity ratings decreased from baseline to end-of-treatment, and again at follow-up, for each case. Verbal communication increased at end-of-treatment and follow-up, and significant decreases in social anxiety were seen across both cases by the three-month follow-up. Parents rated the shortened IBTSM as highly acceptable, effective, and efficient. Future studies should explore the effectiveness of varying lengths of IBTSM.
Po(k)ruszyć sen – pedagogika filozoficzna jako wybuchowe poszukiwanie
Authors: Maliszewski Krzysztof
Published: April 2017

Philosophical thinking has no fixed location. It is constructed of tensions between different areas of culture: science, art, religion, politics, education. Therefore, in this article the philosophical pedagogy has been presented as a point of view, not a discipline with clear boundaries. The source of this perspective is the Socratic tradition, especially two of its motifs: thinking without limits and the search of the real problems. Philosophical thinking protects a background of education from becoming an ideology. It is also an effort devoted to broadening the expressivity of the sphere of education. So, we can say that philosophical pedagogy is a dynamite that disrupts some educational dreams (illusions) and simultaneously sets in motion other dreams (symbols, values).
Dlaczego konieczna jest filozoficzna pedagogika ogólna. Rozważania w kontekście eseju J.F. Herbarta O ciemnej stronie pedagogiki
Authors: Stępkowski Dariusz
Published: April 2017

The author of the paper tries to show that general pedagogy has its philosophical distinction, e.g., comparing to philosophy of education. Johann Friedrich Herbart’s essay On the Dark Side of Pedagogy is an important point of reference in the analysis. Starting from the essay, the author justifies the necessity of an approach to general pedagogy with its most important goal, i.e., defining the basic pedagogical thought. The thought is “basic” as it combines theoretical and practical knowledge on education and has to be defined over and over again, and not because without it education cannot be imagined. The history of philosophy is full of evidence that education can be “deduced” even from the theories that have nothing in common with education.
Pytanie o pedagogikę filozoficzną z Bronisławem F. Trentowskim
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Authors: Wrońska Katarzyna
Published: April 2017

The text poses the question about the possibility and the way of practising today’s philosophical
pedagogy. For this purpose it refers to its 19th century example elaborated for pedagogy by the
philosopher Bronisław F. Trentowski in his work Chowanna. In the discussion of this concept,
the author of the text reflects on the renewed formula of philosophical pedagogy. She argues
that scientific development of pedagogy is conducive to conducting a philosophical reflection
within it and with its own initiative. In other words, the reflection on the sense of education
and on the justification of methods of pedagogical impact, based on philosophical resources and
on the research methods of humanities, performed in parallel to the empirical studies, helps
pedagogy as a whole to fulfil its purpose. Also it protects pedagogy against politicisation,
indoctrination and instrumentalisation of its subject. Philosophically reinforced pedagogy can
also strengthen philosophy by providing it with in-depth knowledge of education taken from
the rich educational thought of philosophers.
À qui appartient-il de déterminer les modes d’intervention auprès des personnes intersexuées ?
Authors: Charlebois Janik Bastien
Published: April 2017

Les personnes intersex(ué)es sont au coeur de tensions dans l’orientation des pratiques médicales sur leur corps et la détermination de leur « propre bien ». La volonté d’autodétermination relayée par les acteurs sociaux politisés et les critiques qu’ils formulent à l’endroit des médecins se heurtent au déficit de crédibilité que celle-ci leur accorde. En isolant certains des motifs les plus solides du maintien de la primauté médicale sur l’orientation des pratiques, nous relevons les arguments développés par la communauté intersexe pour y répondre. Cette réflexion est menée à partir des perspectives philosophiques de Young sur l’autodétermination et du concept d’injustice épistémique de Fricker.
L’expérience juridique de l’action collective et l’espace public médiatique
Authors: Roca i Escoda Marta
Published: April 2017

L’évolution des luttes des mouvements homosexuels de ces trois dernières décennies montre que celles-ci impliquent le plus souvent des demandes adressées à l’État et mobilisent le droit. Pour illustrer ces nouvelles dynamiques, nous allons présenter une étude de cas sur l’histoire des actions et mobilisations de l’association catalane Familles Lesbiennes et Gaies (FLG) visant la reconnaissance des familles homoparentales. Pour ce faire, nous allons traiter des formes que prennent aujourd'hui les luttes pour la reconnaissance, en lien avec l’action collective et la question de la visibilisation, à travers les interactions que cette association a entamé avec la scène médiatique.
Vingt ans d’intervention de démystification de l’homosexualité et de la bisexualité dans les écoles
Authors: Vallerand Olivier , Charbonneau Amélie , Lavoie Kévin , Houzeau Marie
Published: April 2017

Depuis plus de 20 ans, le Groupe de recherche et d’intervention sociale (GRIS) de Montréal réalise des interventions de démystification de l’homosexualité et de la bisexualité dans des écoles de Montréal et des régions environnantes. Son 20e anniversaire est une occasion de procéder à un bilan et à une réflexion critique sur ses activités. Trois enjeux sont discutés dans cet article, soit le rôle du discours religieux dans la réception des interventions, l’importance de la déconstruction des rôles de genre dans la lutte contre l’homophobie, la lesbophobie et la biphobie, ainsi que le tabou entourant la sexualité.
Zambia: Governance and Natural Resources
Authors: Werner Karolina
Published: April 2017

This paper analyzes the natural resources governance framework in Zambia. The research is the result of a broader project on natural resource governance with interviews performed in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The goal of the paper is to identify the gaps and inconsistencies within the Zambian natural resource policy framework, in an effort to broaden the understanding of how governance of the sector may be streamlined and optimized. It further offers suggestions on how other sectors, such as education, may be central to the development of a more successful natural resource framework. The paper focuses on Zambia as a country with a long history of mining and a relatively stable political environment, yet one in which tensions between government and the private sector remain, and policies on natural resource extraction which have been particularly volatile in recent years.
Evolutionary analysis of vision genes identifies potential drivers of visual differences between giraffe and okapi
Authors: Ishengoma Edson , Agaba Morris , Cavener Douglas R.
Published: April 2017

Background

The capacity of visually oriented species to perceive and respond to visual signal is integral to their evolutionary success. Giraffes are closely related to okapi, but the two species have broad range of phenotypic differences including their visual capacities. Vision studies rank giraffe’s visual acuity higher than all other artiodactyls despite sharing similar vision ecological determinants with many of them. The extent to which the giraffe’s unique visual capacity and its difference with okapi is reflected by changes in their vision genes is not understood.

Methods

The recent availability of giraffe and okapi genomes provided opportunity to identify giraffe and okapi vision genes. Multiple strategies were employed to identify thirty-six candidate mammalian vision genes in giraffe and okapi genomes. Quantification of selection pressure was performed by a combination of branch-site tests of positive selection and clade models of selection divergence through comparing giraffe and okapi vision genes and orthologous sequences from other mammals.

Results

Signatures of selection were identified in key genes that could potentially underlie giraffe and okapi visual adaptations. Importantly, some genes that contribute to optical transparency of the eye and those that are critical in light signaling pathway were found to show signatures of adaptive evolution or selection divergence. Comparison between giraffe and other ruminants identifies significant selection divergence inCRYAAandOPN1LW. Significant selection divergence was identified inSAGwhile positive selection was detected inLUMwhen okapi is compared with ruminants and other mammals. Sequence analysis ofOPN1LWshowed that at least one of the sites known to affect spectral sensitivity of the red pigment is uniquely divergent between giraffe and other ruminants.

Discussion

By taking a systemic approach to gene function in vision, the results provide the first molecular clues associated with giraffe and okapi vision adaptations. At least some of the genes that exhibit signature of selection may reflect adaptive response to differences in giraffe and okapi habitat. We hypothesize that requirement for long distance vision associated with predation and communication with conspecifics likely played an important role in the adaptive pressure on giraffe vision genes.
Seasonally distinct taxonomic and functional shifts in macroinvertebrate communities following dam removal
Authors: Sullivan S. Mažeika P. , Manning David W.P.
Published: April 2017

Dam removal is an increasingly popular restoration tool, but our understanding of ecological responses to dam removal over time is still in the early stages. We quantified seasonal benthic macroinvertebrate density, taxonomic composition, and functional traits for three years after lowhead dam removal in three reaches of the Olentangy River (Ohio, USA): two upstream of former dam (one restored, one unrestored), and one downstream of former dam. Macroinvertebrate community density, generic richness, and Shannon–Wiener diversity decreased between ∼9 and ∼15 months after dam removal; all three variables consistently increased thereafter. These threshold responses were dependent on reach location: density and richness increased ∼15 months after removal in upstream reaches versus ∼19 months downstream of the former dam. Initial macroinvertebrate density declines were likely related to seasonality or life-history characteristics, but density increased up to 2.27× from year to year in three out of four seasons (late autumn, early spring, summer) across all reaches. Macroinvertebrate community composition was similar among the three reaches, but differed seasonally based on non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM). Seasonal differences among communities tended to decrease after dam removal. We detected community-wide shifts in functional traits such as multivoltinism, depositional habitat use, burrowing, and collector-gatherer feeding mode. We observed that these traits were expressed most strongly with Chironomidae, which was the most abundant family. Our results suggest that seasonal environmental conditions can play a role in the response and recovery of macroinvertebrate communities—often used to monitor ecosystem condition—following dam removal. In particular, macroinvertebrate density and diversity can show recovery after dam removal, especially in seasons when macroinvertebrate density is typically lowest, with concomitant changes to functional trait abundance. Thus, we recommend scientists and managers consider responses to dam removal throughout the year. Further, similar density, generic richness, and functional traits among reaches suggest that channel restoration after dam removal may initially have equivocal effects on invertebrate communities.
O COMPROMISSO EDUCACIONAL DA UNIÃO, ESTADOS E MUNICÍPIOS: COLABORAÇÃO, SUBORDINAÇÃO OU OMISSÃO?
Authors: Davies Nicholas
Published: April 2017

O artigo examina o poder, a atuação e a responsabilidade constitucional e legal dos governos federal, estaduais e municipais na educação básica. Mostra a fragilidade da colaboração entre eles, em virtude da preponderância do governo federal na formulação da legislação e responsabilização dos entes subnacionais na execução e financiamento das políticas educacionais. Entretanto, os governos estaduais também são responsáveis. Arrecadam muito mais impostos do que os municípios, porém reduziram drasticamente as matrículas no ensino fundamental de 1997 a 2012. Da mesma forma, os municípios são responsáveis, pois milhares deles diminuíram suas matrículas na educação básica de 2006 a 2012. 
EDUCAÇÃO, PRÁXIS EMANCIPATÓRIA E CRISE DO CAPITAL
Authors: Souza Rafael Bellan Rodrigues de
Published: April 2017

O contexto de crise estrutural do capital intensifica a barbárie social e potencializa a aparência fenomênica reificada da realidade, trazendo novos desafios para a educação emancipatória. Como práxis, o processo de conhecimento revolucionário dado pelo método dialético formulado por Marx necessita ser colocado no horizonte da luta de um movimento de massas, em que o trabalho torna-se eixo central na batalha contra o capital a favor da emancipação humana. Aponta-se neste artigo que a educação é o órgão social capaz de cultivar a consciência positiva dos homens nesse engajamento, desde que busque a catarse e a consequente desreificação da pseudoconcreticidade.
MARXISMO, EDUCAÇÃO E PEDAGOGIA SOCIALISTA
Authors: Tonet Ivo
Published: April 2017

Inúmeros autores buscaram, e ainda buscam, elaborar uma pedagogia socialista, vale dizer, uma teoria da educação voltada para a orientação das práticas educativas concretas em direção à emancipação humana. Será esta uma possibilidade real? Fundamentado nos pressupostos metodológicos marxianos, de caráter ontológico, e começando pela categoria do trabalho, o presente texto procura sustentar uma resposta negativa a essa pergunta sem, com isso, cair no imobilismo.
EDUCAÇÃO E TRANSFORMAÇÃO. UM DISCURSO DE ABERTURA
Authors: Barata-Moura José Adriano
Published: April 2017

No seu cerne – que não é descabido discernir --, a formação constitui sempre um processo de trans-formação. Embora nem todas as transformações alcancem um nível idêntico no que diz respeito à radicalidade. Pelo que deste aspecto importa igualmente cuidar. Sobremaneira, se em causa estiverem alterações qualitativas no modo, e na estruturação, de um viver.
A FRAGMENTAÇÃO DO ENSINO E A DISCIPLINARIDADE (E SEUS PREFIXOS)
Authors: Silva Marcelo José de Souza e
Published: April 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar, a partir do materialismo histórico-dialético e do entendimento de que a consciência e o ensino são engendrados a partir da realidade objetiva; que a disciplinaridade e seus diversos prefixos (inter, trans, multi, pluri, meta) constituem o que podemos chamar de ideário da disciplinaridade. Apesar de aparecerem com roupagens diferentes, constituem um mesmo processo, baseando-se em uma realidade fragmentada.
Disparities in Screening for Substance Use Among Injured Adolescents
Authors: Rook Jordan M. , Spurrier Ryan G. , Russell Christopher J. , Shin Cathy E. , Lee Steven L. , Juillard Catherine J. , Kelley-Quon Lorraine I.
Published: October 2024

This cohort study compares rates of biochemical substance use screening among injured adolescents by sociodemographic characteristics including sex, race, ethnicity, and insurance status.
Thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP) is a substrate of the NEDD4‐like E3 ubiquitin‐protein ligase WWP1 in cellular redox state regulation of acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Giovannini Sara , Li Yanan , Pecorari Rosalba , Fierro Claudia , Fiorilli Claudia , Corigliano Federica , Moriconi Valeria , Zhou Ji , De Antoni Anna , Smirnov Artem , Rinalducci Sara , Timperio Anna Maria , Agostini Massimiliano , Zhang Jinping , Shi Yufang , Candi Eleonora , Melino Gerry , Bernassola Francesca
Published: October 2024

The HECT‐type E3 ubiquitin WWP1 (also known as NEDD4‐like E3 ubiquitin‐protein ligase WWP1) acts as an oncogenic factor in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. WWP1 overexpression in AML confers a proliferative advantage to leukemic blasts (abnormal immature white blood cells) and counteracts apoptotic cell death and differentiation. In an effort to elucidate the molecular basis of WWP1 oncogenic activities, we identified WWP1 as a previously unknown negative regulator of thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP)‐mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in AML cells. TXNIP inhibits the disulfide reductase enzymatic activity of thioredoxin (Trx), impairing its antioxidant function and, ultimately, leading to the disruption of cellular redox homeostasis. In addition, TXNIP restricts cell growth and survival by blocking glucose uptake and metabolism. Here, we found that WWP1 directly interacts with TXNIP, thus promoting its ubiquitin‐dependent proteasomal proteolysis. As a result, accumulation of TXNIP in response to WWP1 inactivation in AML blasts reduces Trx activity and increases ROS production, hence inducing cellular oxidative stress. Increased ROS generation in WWP1‐depleted cells culminates in DNA strand breaks and subsequent apoptosis. Coherently with TXNIP stabilization following WWP1 inactivation, we also observed an impairment of both glucose up‐take and consumption. Hence, a contribution to the increased cell death observed in WWP1‐depleted cells also possibly arises from the attenuation of glucose up‐take and glycolytic flux resulting from TXNIP accumulation. Future studies are needed to establish whether TXNIP‐dependent deregulation of redox homeostasis in WWP1‐overexpressing blasts may affect the response of leukemic cells to chemotherapeutic drugs.
Compliance date for liberalized methadone rules is here
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2024

To say that OTPs “have to comply” misses the point, actually, because they want to comply with new methadone rules. They asked for them, fought for them in fact, as our stories over the years have detailed. Fought against the Drug Enforcement Administration's fear of diversion, against the competition from non‐OTPs, against federal bureaucrats. Thanks to leadership of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) under Yngvild Olsen, M.D., the new rules support OTPs, patients, and maximizing quality treatment access.
The Dissolution Behaviors of Carbides During Solution Treatment for AMSC‐DB Ni‐Based Superalloys Fabricated by Laser‐Directed Energy Deposition and Forging
Authors: Yu Hao , Hu Yanzhen , Chen Shaofeng , Wang Lingyu , Sun Wenwen , Liang Jingjing , Li Jinguo , Xu Wei
Published: October 2024

To gain insights into the microstructure evolution of as‐fabricated Ni‐based superalloys during post‐heat treatments, a comparative microstructure analysis is made based on the AMSC‐DB alloy samples fabricated by laser‐directed energy deposition (L‐DED) and forging. In L‐DED samples, the (Nb,Ta)C carbides experience a continuous dissolution process during the solution treatment. In contrast, the coarsening behaviors of carbide particles in forge alloys are observed to take place simultaneously with their dissolution. Characterization results show that the carbides in L‐DED alloy present uniformly distributed particle sizes and nodular shapes with much irregular surface curvatures. Also, less‐pronounced Nb segregation behaviors in carbide vicinity are found in L‐DED alloys. Therefore, the difference in carbide dissolution kinetics in L‐DED and forge alloys can be ascribed to the combined effects of phase morphologies and local chemical driving forces. Correspondingly, the segmented changes in grain boundary misorientations and recrystallization process in forge alloys are observed to be highly coupled with the carbide dissolution behaviors, compared to the continuous microstructural evolution in L‐DED alloy. The different recrystallization behaviors can be quantitatively reflected by the Zener pinning effect. This work sheds light on the proper design of post‐heat treatments for L‐DED alloys compared to the traditionally manufactured counterparts.
Breaking the Cardiovascular Flow Barrier for Dielectric Elastomer Actuator‐Based Pumping: Design and Characterization
Authors: Benouhiba Amine , Walter Armando , Jahren Silje Ekroll , Clavica Francesco , Obrist Dominik , Civet Yoan , Perriard Yves
Published: October 2024

Pumps play a crucial role in sustaining life by facilitating fluid circulation within the human body. This article presents the design and characterization of a high‐performance tubular dielectric elastomer pump. The study investigates three distinct pump designs tailored for operation under varying internal pressures of 15, 70, and 120 mmHg. Each pump design is meticulously tested, and the results reveal significant variations in their performance characteristics. The optimal outcomes are achieved with a flow rate of 6.5 L min−1, demonstrating the pump's efficiency in maintaining fluid circulation. Additionally, a pressure head of 27.5 mmHg highlights the pump's capability to generate the necessary force for overcoming physiological resistance within the targeted pressure range. These findings underscore the potential of the proposed high‐performance dielectric elastomer actuators‐based pump for medical applications, offering a promising avenue for advancements in fluidic systems crucial for sustaining life and improving patient care.
Dual‐Functional Ca‐Ion‐Doped Layered δ‐MnO2 Cathode for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xie Dongmei , Wang Yan , Tian Leiwu , Huang Haiji , Sun Jianyang , Kim Dong‐Won , Zhao Jiachang , Mao Jianfeng
Published: October 2024

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have gained significant attention owing to their high energy densities, low costs, and enhanced safety profiles. However, the development of suitable host materials (i.e., cathodes) with high capacity, structural stability, and rate performance remains challenging. Herein, a nanoflower‐like Ca0.10MnO2·0.61H2O (CaMnO) is successfully synthesized as a high‐performance cathode material for ZIBs using a simplified one‐step hydrothermal method. The unique nanoflower‐like 3D porous structure provides a continuous conductive path and abundant adsorption sites for Zn2+ ions and mitigates aggregation during long‐term cycling processes. In addition, doping Ca2+ ions into the interlayer of MnO2 has a dual functional effect: 1) it acts as a pillar to broaden the interlayer spacing and enhance the crystal structure stability, and 2) it induces the formation of oxygen vacancies to enhance the reaction kinetics and increase the reversible capacity. Therefore, the CaMnO cathode exhibits a high specific capacity of 289 mAh g−1, with excellent capacity retention (90%) over 750 cycles at a high current rate of 1.5 A g−1. This study provides a new perspective on the development of advanced cathode materials for ZIBs.
Pseudo‐3D Topological Alignments Regulate Mechanotransduction and Maturation of Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Lee Yeji , Song Jihyeon , Batjargal Ulziituya , Kim Min‐Seok , Lee Geonho , Kim Geonwoo , Lee Taehoon , Kang RaeHui , Kim Younggyun , Kim Han‐Jun , Lee Junmin
Published: October 2024

Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) sense and respond to mechanical stimuli in their extracellular microenvironments (ECMs), playing a crucial role in muscle tissue engineering. Increasing evidence from topological cues‐mediated mechanotransduction of SMCs in ECMs has suggested some potential underlying mechanisms of how SMC functions and maturation are regulated by their mechanosensing leading to transduction. However, how the expression of yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP) influences the phenotypic shift from synthetic to contractile is still controversial. Here, pseudo‐3D topological alignments mimicking native muscle tissues are generated using laser‐cutter engraving to explore the influence of topological cues on SMC mechanotransduction and maturation. The analysis of topological cue‐mediated mechanotransduction and maturation marker expression revealed YAP is involved in mechanotransduction for SMCs cultured on cross‐patterned substrates in the presence of cell‐cell interactions. Moreover, these SMCs with YAP‐linked mechanosensing showed higher expression of calponin, indicating a shift toward contractile phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, it showed skeletal muscle cells has different mechanosensing and maturation mechanisms compared to SMCs, revealing muscle type‐dependent different sensing of topological cues, and converting into maturation‐associated signaling cascades. This study provides insights into the regulation of SMC mechanotransduction and maturation by topological cues, suggesting the involvement of YAP‐linked signaling pathways in this process.
Element Screening Engineering for High‐Entropy Alloy Anodes: Achieving Fast and Robust Li‐Storage With Optimal Working Potential
Authors: Li Xinwei , Wang Jeng‐Han , Yang Lufeng , Liu Tzu‐Yu , Huang Shengchi , Ho Betty , Hsueh Howard , Chen Jie , He Lunhua , Guo Zaiping , Liu Meilin , Li Wenwu
Published: October 2024

While the high‐entropy strategy is highly effective in enhancing the performance of materials across various fields, an optimal methodology for selecting component elements for performance optimization is still lacking. Here the findings on uncovering the element selection rules for rational design of high‐entropy alloy anodes with exceptional lithium storage performance are reported. It is investigated high‐entropy element screening rules by modifying stable diamond‐structured Ge with P to induce a tetrahedrally coordinated sphalerite structure for enhanced metallic conductivity, further stabilized by incorporating Zn and other elements. Moreover, both theoretical and experimental results confirm that Li‐storage performance improves with increasing atomic number: BZnGeP3 < AlZnGeP3 < GaZnGeP3 < InZnGeP3. InZnGeP3‐based electrodes demonstrate the highest Li‐ion affinity, fastest electronic and Li‐ion transport, largest Li‐storage capacity and reversibility, and best mechanical integrity. Further element screening based on the above criteria leads to high entropy alloy anodes with metallic conductivity like GaCuSnInZnGeP6, GaCu(or Sn)InZnGeP5, CuSnInZnGeP5, InZnGePSeS(or Te), InZnGeP2S(or Se) which show superior Li‐storage performances. The excellent phase stability is attributed to their high configurational entropy. This study offers profound insights into element screening for high‐entropy alloy‐based anodes in Li‐ion batteries, providing guidance and reference for the element combination and screening of other high‐entropy functional materials.
Electrodeposition of Polymer Networks as Conformal and Uniform Ultrathin Coatings
Authors: Wang Wenlu , Resing Anton B. , Brown Keith A. , Werner Jörg G.
Published: October 2024

Natural systems, synthetic materials, and devices almost always feature interphases that control the flow of mass and energy or stabilize interfaces between incompatible materials. With technologies transitioning to non‐planar and 3D mesoscale architectures, novel deposition methods for realizing ultrathin coatings and interphases are required. Polymer networks are of particular interest for their tunable chemical and physical properties combined with their structural integrity. Here, the electrodeposition of polymer networks (EPoN) is introduced as a general approach to uniformly coat non‐planar conductive materials. Conceptually, EPoN utilizes electrochemically activated crosslinkers as polymer end groups to confine their network formation exclusively to the material surface upon charge transfer, yielding a passivating and self‐limiting growth of conformal and uniform coatings with tunable submicron thickness on conductive materials. EPoN is found to result in thin functional films of various polymer backbones and side group chemistries as demonstrated for poly(ether) and poly(acrylamide) based polymers as solid electrolyte and thermally responsive interphases, respectively.
Pyridine‐Boryl Radical‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloadditions of Alkyne‐Tethered Cyclopropyl Ketones
Authors: Huang Hua , An Xiao‐Die , Wang Yi‐Fan , Tan Yun‐Xuan , Tian Ping
Published: October 2024

Bicyclo[3.3.0]octanes represent crucial structural motifs found in various bioactive natural compounds. In this study, we present the first metal‐free formal [3 + 2] cycloadditions of alkyne‐tethered cyclopropyl ketones via pyridine‐boryl radical catalysis, affording bicyclo[3.3.0]octanes with high efficiency and broad substrate scope. This reaction features the generation of ketyl radical by pyridine‐boryl radical and a consecutive 5‐exo‐dig and 5‐exo‐trig radical cascade process.
Aqueous Photocatalytic Glycerol Oxidation to Formic Acid Coupled to H2O2 Production with an Anthraquinone Dye
Authors: Tacchi Elena , Rossi Greta , Natali Mirco , Ðorđević Luka , Sartorel Andrea
Published: October 2024

The photocatalytic oxidation of glycerol into formic acid (FA) is reported employing a 9,10‐anthraquinone‐2,6‐disulphonate disodium salt (AQDS) photocatalyst. The system operates in water, in the absence of additives, using O2 as the oxidant and irradiating with blue light (λ = 415 nm). In 22 h, conversion of glycerol up to 79% leads to 30% yield of FA (turnover number of 15 for AQDS), with 79% selectivity among the products in solution and a quantum yield of 1.2%. The oxidation of glycerol is coupled to the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide (up to 16±5 mm), a high‐added value photosynthetic product. A mechanistic investigation combining electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS), and time‐dependent density‐functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations reveals a photoinduced hydrogen atom abstraction involving the triplet excited state 3*AQDS and the glycerol substrate (k = 1.02(±0.03)×107 m−1·s−1, H/D kinetic isotope effect = 2.00±0.16). The resulting ketyl radical of AQDS follows fast deprotonation to the radical anion AQDS•–, that further reacts with oxygen (k = 1.2×108 m−1·s−1), ultimately leading to the production of H2O2.
From Small Data Modeling to Large Language Model Screening: A Dual‐Strategy Framework for Materials Intelligent Design
Authors: Yu Yeyong , Xiong Jie , Wu Xing , Qian Quan
Published: October 2024

Small data in materials present significant challenges to constructing highly accurate machine learning models, severely hindering the widespread implementation of data‐driven materials intelligent design. In this study, the Dual‐Strategy Materials Intelligent Design Framework (DSMID) is introduced, which integrates two innovative methods. The Adversarial domain Adaptive Embedding Generative network (AAEG) transfers data between related property datasets, even with only 90 data points, enhancing material composition characterization and improving property prediction. Additionally, to address the challenge of screening and evaluating numerous alloy designs, the Automated Material Screening and Evaluation Pipeline (AMSEP) is implemented. This pipeline utilizes large language models with extensive domain knowledge to efficiently identify promising experimental candidates through self‐retrieval and self‐summarization. Experimental findings demonstrate that this approach effectively identifies and prepares new eutectic High Entropy Alloy (EHEA), notably Al14(CoCrFe)19Ni28, achieving an ultimate tensile strength of 1085 MPa and 24% elongation without heat treatment or extra processing. This demonstrates significantly greater plasticity and equivalent strength compared to the typical as‐cast eutectic HEA AlCoCrFeNi2.1. The DSMID framework, combining AAEG and AMSEP, addresses the challenges of small data modeling and extensive candidate screening, contributing to cost reduction and enhanced efficiency of material design. This framework offers a promising avenue for intelligent material design, particularly in scenarios constrained by limited data availability.
A CC‐NB‐ARC‐LRR Gene Regulates Bract Morphology in Cotton
Authors: Yan Sunyi , Si Zhanfeng , Qi Guoan , Zang Yihao , Xuan Lisha , He Lu , Cao Yiwen , Li Xiaoran , Zhang Tianzhen , Hu Yan
Published: October 2024

Bracts are leaf‐like structures in flowering plants. They serve multiple functions such as attracting pollinators, aiding tolerance of abiotic stressors, and conducting photosynthesis. While previous studies extensively examine bract function, the molecular mechanisms underlying bract growth remain unknown. Here, the map‐based isolation and characterization of a crucial factor responsible for cotton bract development, identified from a mutant known as frego bract (fg), discovered by Frego in 1945 are presented. This gene, named Ghfg, encodes a CC‐NB‐ARC‐LRR (CNL) family protein. Through analysis of bract form in plants with virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) and transgenic plants, this gene is confirmed to be the causal gene under the fg locus. Furthermore, high‐resolution single‐cell transcriptomic landscape of cotton bracts is generated, which reveals differences related to auxin in proliferating cells from TM‐1 and T582; differences in auxin distribution and ROS accumulation are experimentally verified. These findings suggest that GhFG is in a self‐activated state in the fg mutant, and its activity leads to ROS accumulation that impacts auxin distribution and transport. Finally, an island cotton variety with the frego bract trait is developed, demonstrating a novel solution for reducing the high impurity rate caused by bract remnants.
Investigation and Improvement of the Bias Temperature Instability in Carbon Nanotube Transistors
Authors: Sun Yifu , Lu Peng , Zhang Lingyu , Cao Yu , Bai Lan , Ding Li , Han Jie , Zhang Chiyu , Zhu Maguang , Zhang Zhiyong
Published: October 2024

Carbon nanotube (CNT) is widely regarded as a promising candidate for constructing sub‐10 nm field‐effect transistors (FETs). However, limited attention is carried out on the reliability of CNT FETs, which is critical for practical application. In this work, the bias temperature instability (BTI) effect in top‐gate CNT FETs is thoroughly investigated under a wide range of environment temperatures from 200 to 400 K for the first time. Notably, the threshold voltage (Vth) shifts induced by BTI are measured down to 0.38 V, which is ≈2–3 times smaller than those reported in previous studies. In addition, by optimizing the device fabrication process, the reliability of the BTI effects in CNT FETs can be further improved. The optimized CNT FET exhibits a Normalized BTI shift down to ≈0.10 V/(MV cm−1), which represents the most reliable top‐gate nano‐devices to date.
Reducing the Barrier Height in Organic Transistors
Authors: Ghobadi Arash , Mathai Cherian J. , Cook Jacob , Bian Guang , Attar Salahuddin , Al‐Hashimi Mohammed , Gangopadhyay Shubhra , Guha Suchismita
Published: October 2024

Reducing the Schottky barrier height and Fermi level de‐pinning in metal‐organic semiconductor contacts are crucial for enhancing the performance of organic transistors. The reduction of the Schottky barrier height in bottom‐contact top‐gate organic transistors is demonstrated by adding 1 nm thick atomic layer deposited Al2O3 on the source and drain contacts. By using two different donor‐acceptor copolymers, both p‐ and n‐type transistors are investigated. Temperature‐dependent current–voltage measurements from non‐treated, self‐assembled monolayer treated, and Al2O3 treated Au source‐drain contact field‐effect transistors with varying channel lengths are carried out. The drain current versus drain voltage near zero gate voltage, which may be described by the thermionic emission model at temperatures above 150 K, allows the estimation of the Schottky barrier height (φB). The Al2O3 contact‐treated transistors show more than 40% lower φB compared with the non‐treated contacts in the p‐type transistor. Similarly, an isoindigo‐based transistor, with n‐type transport, shows a reduction in φB with Al2O3 treated contacts suggesting that such ultrathin oxide layers provide a universal method for reducing the barrier height.
The impact of agricultural policy evolution on long‐run grain market projection
Authors: Lee Suhwan , Ohler Adrienne , Thompson Wyatt
Published: October 2024

Long‐run projections are crucial for climate change policies, food security, and agricultural productivity, yet these projections often overlook recently identified patterns in how trade policies and domestic support evolve as countries develop. The grain market projections over 50 or 100 years presented here take these policy patterns into account, as well as the risks of more significant trade policy disruptions. The results demonstrate that different assumptions about economic development can have far‐reaching effects on the market context, greenhouse gas emissions, and grain prices.
Solar steam generation enabled by carbon black: The impact of particle size and nanostructure
Authors: Kelesidis Georgios A. , Nagarkar Amogh , Rivano Pier Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

Here, commercial carbon black (CB) grades are characterized in detail to determine the link between their physicochemical properties and solar steam generation performance. The CB nanoparticles used here have surface mean primary particle diameters of 11–406 nm resulting in specific surface areas of 8–300 m2/g. Thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering, Raman spectroscopy, and x‐ray diffraction reveal that fine CB nanoparticles form large agglomerates, have a more disordered nanostructure and larger organic carbon content than coarse CB grades. Most importantly, UV–vis spectroscopy and Mie theory show that increasing the particle size from 14 to 406 nm reduces the light absorption of CB dispersed in water up to 86%. So, the water evaporation flux of suspensions containing 11–14 nm CB nanoparticles is up to 25% larger than that obtained for suspensions of 406 nm particles. Thus, good control of particle size is essential to optimize the solar steam generation enabled by CB.
Detection of Filariid Infections in Mexican Primate Populations Through qPCR
Authors: Solórzano‐García Brenda , Colín García Norberto , Aureli Filippo , Pérez‐Ponce de León Gerardo
Published: October 2024

Filariae are parasitic nematodes of high veterinary and medical importance, responsible for some acute tropical diseases. They are transmitted through the bite of hematophagous vectors such as biting midges and blackflies. Filariae are among the most prevalent vector‐borne parasitoses in Neotropical primates in which severe infections can cause inflammatory reactions and tissue damage. Given the location inside the host (peritoneal cavity, bloodstream, and lymphatics), the detection of filariid nematodes is challenging and is mostly postmortem; hence the scarcity of studies on the prevalence of filariae in wild primate populations. Here, we report the prevalence of filariid infections in free‐ranging populations of Geoffroy's spider (Ateles geoffroyi) and black howler (Alouatta pigra) monkeys across southern Mexico, using a combination of noninvasive sampling and molecular diagnostic techniques. Fecal samples were screened for filariid DNA by qPCR protocols. A total of 88 samples were examined with an overall prevalence of 26%. Filariae were slightly more common in spider monkeys compared to howler monkeys. This study constitutes the first report of the prevalence of infection of filariid nematodes in populations of wild spider monkey across southern Mexico, and the first reporting of filariae in black howler monkeys, as part of a new era of primate parasitology and the diagnostics of parasite infections in light of the everyday more affordable molecular tools.
Promotion of RNF168‐Mediated Nucleosomal H2A Ubiquitylation by Structurally Defined K63‐Polyubiquitylated Linker Histone H1
Authors: Shi Qiang , Deng Zhiheng , Zhang Liying , Tong Zebin , Li Jia‐Bin , Chu Guo‐Chao , Ai Huasong , Liu Lei
Published: October 2024

The chemical synthesis of histones with homogeneous modifications is a powerful approach for quantitatively deciphering the functional crosstalk between different post‐translational modifications (PTMs). In this study, we developed an expedient site‐specific (poly)ubiquitylation strategy (CAEPL, Cysteine Aminoethylation coupled with Enzymatic Protein Ligation), which integrates the Cys‐aminoethylation reaction with the process of ubiquitin‐activating enzyme UBA1‐assisted native chemical ligation. Using this strategy, we successfully prepared monoubiquitylated and K63‐linked di‐ and tri‐ubiquitylated linker histone H1.0 proteins, which were incorporated into individual chromatosomes. Quantitative biochemical analysis of different RNF168 constructs on H1 ubiquitylated chromatosomes with different ubiquitin chain lengths demonstrated that K63‐linked polyubiquitylated H1.0 could directly stimulate RNF168 ubiquitylation activity by enhancing the affinity between RNF168 and the chromatosome. Subsequent cryo‐EM structural analysis of the RNF168/UbcH5c–Ub/H1.0‐K63‐Ub3 chromatosome complex revealed the potential recruitment orientation between RNF168 UDM1 domain and K63‐linked ubiquitin chain on H1.0. Finally, we explored the impact of H1.0 ubiquitylation on RNF168 activity in the context of asymmetric H1.0–K63‐Ub3 di‐nucleosome substrate, revealing a comparable stimulation effect of both the inter‐ and intra‐nucleosomal crosstalk. Overall, our study highlights the significance of access to structurally defined polyubiquitylated H1.0 by the CAEPL strategy, enabling in‐depth mechanistic investigations of in‐trans PTM crosstalk between linker histone H1.0 and core histone H2A ubiquitylation.
Loading Dyes into Chiral Cd/Zn‐Metal–Organic Frameworks for Efficient Full‐Color Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Yin Hua‐Qing , Chen Jia , Xue Yu‐Wei , Ren Jing , Wang Xin‐Hui , Fan Heng‐Rui , Wei Shu‐Yan , Sun Bo , Zhang Zhi‐Ming
Published: October 2024

Host‐guest chemistry of chiral metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) has endowed them with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), it is still limited for MOFs to systematically tune full‐color CPL emissions and sizes. This work directionally assembles the chiral ligands, metal sites and organic dyes to prepare a series of crystalline enantiomeric D/L‐Cd/Zn‐n MOFs (n=1~5, representing the adding amount of dyes), where D/L‐Cd/Zn with the formula of Cd2(D/L–Cam)2(TPyPE) and Zn2(D/L–Cam)2(TPyPE) (D/L‐Cam=D/L‐camphoric acid, TPyPE=4,4’,4’’,4’’’‐(1,2‐henediidenetetra‐4,1‐phenylene)tetrakis[pyridine]) were used as the chiral platforms. The framework‐dye‐enabled emission and through‐space chirality transfer facilitate D/L‐Cd/Zn‐n bright full‐color CPL activity. The ideal yellow CPL of D‐Cd‐5 and D‐Zn‐4, with |glum| as 4.9 × 10−3 and 1.3×10−3 and relatively high photoluminescence quantum yield of 40.79 % and 45.40 %, are further assembled into a white CPL light‐emitting diode. The crystal sizes of D/L‐Cd/Zn‐n were found to be strongly correlated to the types and additional amounts of organic dyes, that the positive organic dyes allow for the preparation of > 7 mm bulks and negative dyes account for sub‐20 μm particles. This work opens a new avenue to fabricate full‐color emissive CPL composites and provides a potentially universal method for controlling the size of optical platforms.