bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VARIANTS OF MASTOID AND OCCIPITAL EMISSARY FORAMENS AND THEIR CLINICAL CORRELATION
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, Histology, Pathology and Forensic medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sofia, Bulgaria., Maslarski Ivan , Belenska-Todorova Lyudmila ,   Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sofia, Bulgaria.
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Emissary foramens in the skull and emissary veins (EV), respectively, have been known for a long time, but their importance is often disregarded. In the present study, we introduce variants of occipital emissary foramens (OEF) unilaterally located on the left, close to оccipital condylе in a formation of three apertures that open together in a sinus near clivus. Material/Methods: Corpses of 30 dеad people were dissected in the Department of Anatomy, and standard techniques for soft tissue separation or maceration of the skull were used. After the removal of the calvaria, fixed bones of the skull were disarticulated. Foramens were cleaned using a double-ended probe, and depth and diameter measurements were performed using an atomical caliper. Results: We found variants of mastoid emissary foramens (MEF) situated into two groups, each of a couple of foramens. Their clinical significance is discussed, compared with existing experience and analysis of their phylogeny and embryogenesis. Conclusion: We introduce OEF and MEF to be important markers for detection of dural venous sinuses (DVS). The latter, together with EV, provide an important mechanism for decreasing intracranial pressure. This happens due to the absence of a valve apparatus in the veins of the brain, and the lack, or small amount, of muscle tissue. There is a possibility of existing varicose veins, such as those caused by arterio-venous fistulas and the pathology associated with it. We suggest the application of EV in imaging as an important study before surgery by lateral and transcondylar approach to the anterior foramen magnum.
CORRELATION OF SEVERITY OF DISEASE AND CHANGES IN BASIC HEMATLOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS OF COVID -19
Authors: Khan Muhammad ihtesham , Mehmood Maria , Husain Syed osama , Waqar Saman , Asim Muhammad , Rehman Naumana
Published: October 2021

Objective: To determine the correlation between disease severity and changes in basic hematological parameters in cases of Covid 19 in a tertiary care center.Methodology: This Cross Sectional analytical study was done in Khyber Teaching Hospital from March to June 2020 . Covid-19 cases diagnosed by nasal swab PCR were included in the study. Clinical features were noted by Doctor on duty and Complete blood count was done. Data was analysed by SPSS . Mean and standard deviation were used for quantitative data. Frequency and percentages were used for qualitative data. Shapiro Wilk’s test was done to find normality of the data. Point biserial correlation test was applied to determine association between continuous and dichotomous variables.Levels of hemoglobin leukocyte count and platelet counts in severe cases were shown by box plots.Results: Mean age of 101 cases of Covid-19 was 56±15.7 years. Male to female ratio was 1.5:1. The commonest clinical features were generalized body aches and fever, seen in 53(52.5%) and 48(47.5%) cases respectively. 36 (35.6%) cases were serious and needed ventilatory support. In serious cases, hemoglobin and platelet count were normal in most cases i.e 16(44.4%) and 30(83.3%) respectively, while the leukocyte count was increased in 26 (72%). There was no association between the severity of disease and basic hematological parameters. Conclusion: Leukocyte count is high in cases of Covid-19. There is no significant correlation between severity level and hemoglobin and platelet count. The raised total leukocyte count is associated with severe disease in Covid19.
MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF RAW COWS MILK IN PESHAWAR DISTRICT
Authors: Alam Aziza , Akhtar Ambreen , Alam Khan Ismail , Gul Rubeena , Rehman Rozina , Noreen Shaista
Published: October 2021

Objectives

To study the microbial analysis of raw cow's milk collected from selling points of Peshawar.

Materials and methods: A total of 80 aseptically raw milk samples were collected by multistage sampling technique from four towns of Peshawar in sterile glass bottles and stored in ice container for laboratory analysis at Agriculture University Peshawar. Microbial analysis was performed on plate count and samples were screened for staph aureus, E.coli spp, and salmonella spp. Microbiological load was tested and the data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.

Results: The microbial analysis of milk revealed contamination of milk and most prevalent bacteria was Escherichia coli (26.2%) and least prevalent was Salmonella spp (3.75%).

Conclusion Although the presence of E.coli spp, staph spp and salmonella spp. indicate that the milk is contaminated but found that total bacterial count was within  permissible limit. If not controlled in time will lead to public health issues. This highlights an urgent need to adopt good sanitary practices and monitoring of milk from production to distribution by the health authorities.
SYSTEMIC AND LOCAL DELIVERY OF ANTIBIOTICS IN MANAGING PERIODONTAL DISEASES: AN UPDATE
Authors: Khabeer Abdul , Alam Beenish Fatima , Noreen Sara , Faridi Muhammad Ali , Ali Saqib
Published: October 2021

The aim of this update was to evaluate the use of local and systemic antibiotics for the treatment of periodontal diseases. Due to the accumulation of bacteria in the form of dental plaque, the tissues and bone surrounding the teeth can become infected leading to periodontal diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis. The main purpose of periodontal therapy is to eliminate or control the undesired effects of these bacteria present in the oral cavity in the form of biofilms. The use of antibiotics in conjunction with mechanical instrumentation has been suggested for the successful treatment of periodontal diseases. PubMed and google scholar databases were used to search through the past 30 years of literature using selected search criteria “Periodontal diseases*[TW] AND (gingivitis*[TW] OR periodontitis*[TW] OR antibiotics*[TW])” to identify articles/book chapters discussing polymerization shrinkage and possible solutions. In total, 46 articles/book chapters met the criteria for inclusion in the literature review. It can be concluded that the use of antibiotics is justified in cases with rapid signs and symptoms of destruction of periodontal tissues. Hence, antibiotics are suggested in cases of aggressive periodontitis, periodontal abscess, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis and periodontitis that do not respond well to mechanical instrumentation alone. However, antibiotics may cause side effects and the bacteria may develop resistance, therefore dentists should keep in mind the adverse effects and benefits while prescribing antibiotics. Moreover, antibiotics should always be given as an adjunct to mechanical instrumentation and oral hygiene instructions to achieve successful outcome.
Aspekty bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego
Authors: Strzemińska Małgorzata
Published: October 2021

Artykuł poświęcony jest aspektom bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego. Celem pracy jest usystematyzowanie wiedzy w zakresie zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa obywateli w świetle powszechnie obowiązujących przepisów prawa. Ma ona również przypomnieć o jednym najważniejszym obowiązku, jakim jest „Obrona Ojczyzny przez każdego obywatela polskiego ” – art. 85 ust. 1 Konstytucji Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej. Szczegółowa analiza tematu mojej pracy, w oparciu o obowiązującą literaturę oraz akty normatywne pozwoliła na przygotowanie pracy wg następujących zagadnień w zakresie: bezpieczeństwa we współczesnym świecie, charakterystyki współczesnych zagrożeń, kompetencji administracji rządowej i samorządowej w sferze bezpieczeństwa oraz zadań realizowanych przez ogniwa ochrony państwa w zakresie kształtowania bezpieczeństwa.
Identyfikacja zagrożeń krytycznej infrastruktury państwa
Authors: Kolano Sylwia
Published: October 2021

Infrastruktura krytyczna pełni kluczową rolę w funkcjonowaniu państwa oraz ma istotny wpływ na poczucie bezpieczeństwa obywateli. Stąd też wynika, że jej ochrona jest jednym z priorytetów, gdyż zapewnia jej prawidłowe funkcjonowanie bądź szybkie odtworzenie w przypadku zagrożeń. Wszelkie rodzaje zagrożeń w tym naturalne i techniczne oraz terroryzm nabrały dużego znaczenia z racji coraz bardziej współzależnych systemów i zwiększenia ich podatności na niebezpieczeństwo. Istotne jest definiowanie, śledzenie i ciągłe analizowanie tych zagrożeń, gdyż wraz z ich zmianą charakteru należy podejmować nowe działania zapobiegawcze.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   University of Haifa, Plaut Steven , Uzulena Egita ,   Central European University
Published: October 2021

Architectural design has generally not been included in estimations of hedonic pricing models and the reason is no doubt the difficulty in capturing it in a usable measurement variable. It is usually too idiosyncratic and heterogeneous to “sum up” easily and introduce as an explanatory variable. However, in some housing markets, architectural design consists of a limited number of standardized “prototypes”, which can then be used as explanatory variables in hedonic estimations. Such is the case for Riga, Latvia, where almost the entire housing stock fits into about a score of fairly standardized architectural design types. This paper is an empirical analysis of the Riga housing market, which only became a “market” in a meaningful sense after the collapse of the Soviet regime in Latvia. The paper analyzes a set of about 3500 transactions, all from recent years. We estimate the elasticity of housing value with respect to size of housing units and some other physical features, and the value of the different architectural designs, controlling for location. This is one of the first hedonic or microeconomic analyses of housing values in any post-Soviet transitional economy.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   University of Valencia, Belaire-Franch Jorge , McGreal Stanley ,   University of Ulster, Opong Kwaku K. ,   University of Glasgow, Webb James R. ,   Cleveland State University
Published: October 2021

This study utilizes tests based on ranks and signs suggested by Wright (2000), in addition to the traditional variance-ratio test, to examine the behavior of United Kingdom real estate and construction security indices. The results suggest a positive dependence in the index return series and provide a strong rejection of the random walk hypothesis for the two U.K. index series examined in this study. Thus, the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) is not confirmed for these real estate securities indices in the U.K.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   Istanbul Technical University, Alkay Elif
Published: October 2021

This study tests the hypothesis that in a segmented housing market, housing price structure is different in each segment and whole market area price structure does not reflect a realistic housing price structure effectively. Submarket existence is tested in order to average household income in neighbourhoods in the Istanbul housing market. Whether the consequential variations in prices in each segment have large effects on the overall prices of housing is emphasized by the replication of the Schnare and Struyk (1976) process. The empirical results show that as a stratifier, average household income in neighbourhoods affects housing prices in each segment and, considering the submarkets based on average household income in neighbourhoods, is an effective for the Istanbul housing market. Implicit attribute prices vary and there is a statistically significant difference in the prices of each segment. These differences have a large effect on the overall price of housing.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Deng Changrong , Ma Yongkai ,   University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chiang Yao-Min ,   National Chengchi University
Published: October 2021

The objective of this paper is to investigate the dynamic effects of fundamental factors on housing prices in China. We examine how quickly and strongly housing prices react to changes in these factors. We especially want to test whether these reactions change after China adopted a new system for granting land use rights in 2002. We find that the main fundamental explanatory factors explaining Chinese housing price variations are household disposable income, new-build supply, housing units sold, unemployment, and land prices. Among these factors, the most important one is land price. The effect of land prices on housing prices is especially enhanced after adoption of the new system for granting land use rights in 2002.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   Research Department, Central Bank of Barbados, Jackman Mahalia
Published: October 2021

With the ongoing global financial crisis -which began with the collapse of the US sub-prime market in 2007 - the Barbadian economy is expected to contract in 2009. As a means of stimulating economic activity and providing job opportunities, the government has committed itself to completing 572 houses during the 2009/10 financial year. However, the arguments in favour of allocating more resources to residential construction have not been based on the existence of empirical analyses. This paper empirically investigates the relationship between residential construction and economic growth for Barbados. The historical data suggests that there is bi-directional causality between economic growth and residential construction. Hence, a policy that stimulates the housing market may boost economic activity.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   City University of Hong Kong, Leung Charles Ka Yui , Zhang Jun ,   City University of Hong Kong
Published: October 2021

Three striking empirical regularities have been repeatedly reported: the positive correlation between housing prices and trading volume, and between housing price and time-on-the-market (TOM), and the existence of price dispersion. This short paper provides perhaps the first unifying framework which mimics these phenomena in a simple competitive search framework. In the equilibrium, sellers with heterogeneous waiting costs and buyers are endogenously segregated into different submarkets, each with distinct market tightness and prices. With endogenous search efforts, our model also reproduces the well-documented price- volume correlation. Directions for future research are also discussed.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Mar Iman Abdul Hamid , Pieng Fu Yek ,   Tebrau Teguh Berhad, Gan Christopher ,   Lincoln University
Published: October 2021

This study evaluates the preferences of middle-high income earners for newly designed high-cost residential property attributes in their purchase decision, by using the conjoint method, whereby the buyers¡¦ ¡¥trade-offs¡¦ of different product attributes are measured. The fractional factorial design is used to create eighteen sets of product profiles based on a combination of the six most important attributes that determine the purchase decision of buyers. The preference rating of the respondents is then decomposed to yield part-worth utility for each attribute level. A regression analysis shows that the most pertinent attributes of high-cost residential properties trade-off by the respondents, are type of property, design and features, price, built-up area, location, and reputation of the developer. Together, these attribute explain about 74% of the buyers' expressed utility of the product purchased. By using a hold-out sample of respondents, a conjoint analysis has predicted the buyers' expressed utility with a reasonable level of accuracy.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   National Taipei University, You Shu-Man , Lee Chun-Chang ,   National Pingtung Institute of Commerce, Tseng Ming-Hsun ,   National Taipei University
Published: October 2021

This paper combines the transaction cost model, the sales ethics model and the service quality model as the theoretical foundations for evaluating house buyer satisfaction with their real estate advertising sales agents. This study uses a convenience sampling method with the population of sold-out building projects and new home projects in all administrative areas of Kaohsiung. The empirical results show that the reasons for agency problems and transaction costs affect the transaction costs of house buyers and the ethics of advertising sales agents. Furthermore, agents who provide better service are associated with more satisfied house buyers with stronger intentions. Finally, sales ethics have a significant influence on transaction costs as well as customer satisfaction and complaints.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   National University of Singapore, Sing Tien , Loh Kok Weng ,   National University of Singapore
Published: October 2021

The study tests the predictability of excess returns on four global asset classes that include Shariah-compliant (SC) real estate, SC stocks, conventional real estate and real estate investment trusts (REITs). Based on weekly excess returns from January 2001 to December 2010, our empirical results do not reject the hypothesis that Shariah compliance risk is significantly priced in the excess returns of a portfolio of the four global asset classes. Shariah compliance risk and real estate risk are mutually exclusive. Fund managers will only price one common Shariah compliance risk in a pure real estate portfolio that consists of SC real estate, conventional real estate and REITs.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Lisi Gaetano
Published: October 2021

The housing market matching model in this paper considers two types of home-seekers: people who search for a house both in the rental and the homeownership markets, and people who only search in the homeownership market. The house-search process leads to several types of matching and in turn, this implies different prices of equilibrium. Also, the house-search process connects the rental market with the homeownership market. This model is thus able to explain both the relationship between the rental and the selling prices and the price dispersion which exists in the housing market. Furthermore, this theoretical model can be used to study the impact of taxation in the two markets. Precisely, it is straightforward for showing the effects of two different taxes: tax on property sales and tax on rental income.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   Bank for International Settlements, Hong Kong SAR, Packer Frank , Riddiough Timothy ,   University of Wisconsin, Shek Jimmy ,   Bank for International Settlements, Hong Kong SAR
Published: October 2021

Securitized equity interests in commercial property (the so-called listed REIT market) across a number of countries are analyzed. In so doing, we have pulled together financial as well as real economic data from a large number of different sources. On the real side, we focus particularly on office property construction, as data are fairly available in that sector. The comparison of REIT markets across countries reveals significant variation in terms of institutional characteristics, but many similarities in terms of financial performance. Office construction activity also displays some synchronicity across countries, with a general pattern of reduced levels and volatility in construction activity over the past two decades. Linkages between REIT market development and the dynamics of new construction activity are explored.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   Texas Tech University, Cashman George D. , Harrison David M. ,   Texas Tech University, Sheng Hainan ,   Texas Tech University
Published: October 2021

This study investigates the impact of political risk on the cost of capital for publicly traded real estate firms. More specifically, by using a sample of 102 REITs and listed property trusts, which hold nearly 6,000 distinct investment properties across the Asia-Pacific region, we find strong empirical evidence that increased exposure to political risk increases both the cost of equity financing of a firm and its weighted average cost of capital. Interestingly, no such linkages are apparent between political risk and the cost of debt of a firm. These empirical results are robust to a variety of alternative measures of political risk, including a: 1) political rights index, 2) political change index, and 3) corruption perceptions index.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   Chinese University of Hong Kong, Leung Charles , Leung Tin Cheuk ,   Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tsang Kwok Ping ,   Virginia Tech
Published: October 2021

We study the implications of a property market transaction tax. As property buyers are obligated to pay a transaction tax ("stamp duty¨ or SD) where the rate increases with the value of the transaction, there are incentives to trade at the cutoff points of the tax schedule or just below them. Thus, both ¡§bunching in transactions¡¨ and ¡§underpricing¡¨ should be observed near those cutoffs. Furthermore, the bunching points should change with the tax schedule. We confirm these conjectures with a rich dataset from the Hong Kong housing market and provide a measure of tax avoidance.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   University of Delhi, Sehgal Sanjay , Upreti Mridul ,   University of Delhi, Pandey Piyush ,   University of Delhi, South campus, Bhatia Aakriti ,   Jones Lang LaSalle Investment Advisors Pvt. Ltd
Published: October 2021

The paper studies the residential micromarket of the Gurgaon region of the Delhi National Capital Region in India, to identify the key determinants of real estate investment selection and perform empirical analysis of property prices. A primary survey suggests that the goodwill of the developer is the most important factor for investors in the case of residential properties that are under construction (forward projects). Other factors include location, amenities, project density and construction quality. These factors enjoy almost equal importance in selecting completed projects (spot projects). The factor information can be used to construct property quality rating classes. High risk adjusted returns are provided by high quality spot projects and low quality forward projects. A long run equilibrium relationship is observed between spot projects and forward prices with the former playing the lead role. Gross domestic product and non-food bank credit are the macroeconomic variables that can predict property prices. The highest pre-tax internal rate of return is observed for forward projects in the first quarter holding itself while for spot projects, it is around the eighth quarter. The research has implications for property developers, real estate investors and market regulators. The study contributes to the real estate investment literature on emerging markets.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   University of Macau, Cheung William Mingyan , Lei James Chicheong ,   Deloitte China, Tsang Desmond ,   McGill University
Published: October 2021

This study examines whether property transaction affects the price discovery process in real estate markets. Prior literature shows that price discovery generally first takes place in the securitized public real estate investment trust (REIT) market. We conjecture that property transaction provides novel information to the direct real estate market and can change the dynamics between public and private real estate returns. We employ a unique dataset of property transactions to construct "transaction windows¨ and specifically examine the causality between public and private real estate markets around these periods. We form firm-level pairs of public and private price series, and estimate the normalized common factor loadings per Gonzalo and Granger (1995) by using a vector error-correction model. Our findings show that a significant proportion of price discovery happens in the private market instead of the public REIT market. Our results are robust to investments of different property types and different lengths of transaction windows. Overall, the findings in this study imply that property acquisition and disposition provide crucial information to the private real estate market and induce a reverse causality between the public and private markets.
The Discrediting of Competing Trademarks - Between Multiple Qualification Option and Qualification Impediment
Authors:   Moldova State University, Moraru Iulian
Published: October 2021

Discrediting competing trademarks consists in the spread of certain information regarding the trademarks owned by the competitor of the undertaking realising the disparaging actions. Relating the idea to the legislative provisions in force of the Republic of Moldova, it can be inferred that there are two options for qualifying such a conduct - according to the rules of unfair competition and in accordance with the rules of dishonest advertising. In such circumstances, the obvious question raised is whether the qualification will be done in accordance with one or another relevant legal norm. This aspect requires a broad clarification in the sense of offering viable alternative solutions and corresponding to the various practical factual situations. In this context, it is necessary to establish defined criteria in material and procedural terms in order to achieve a clear delimitation between different qualifying vectors. Circumstantially, there is a need to resort to the approach of domestic practice in this matter, as well as to the treatment of legislative, theoretical and practical trends in other states and legal systems.
Intellectual Property in the Context of Global Ethics
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Lazariuc Cristina , Lozovanu Ecaterina ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: October 2021

Today we are the subjects and witnesses of the continuous development and transformation of society, which has made rapid leaps from modern to the informational and knowledge-based society. In this sense, in order to ensure technological, economic and social progress, Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) must become the only key element for protecting ideas, stimulating innovation and creativity, designing and contributing to the creation of technology. In this article the authors emphasize the need to address IPR in the context of global ethics, because IPR is also the social responsibility and moral duty of every global citizen, whether creative or consumer, to respect the cultural and intellectual heritage of humanity and to contribute to its diversification and to overcome the challenges of the contemporary world in the digital age. In the current context of the globalization of economic, social and even spiritual life, the need for morality of people is becoming more and more pressing, on which we will continue to focus our concerns, because any new issue addressed includes a component of global ethics.
ԵՐԱԺՇՏԱԳԻՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՀԱՐՑԵՐԸ «ԼՐԱԲԵՐԻ» ԷՋԵՐՈՒՄ. ԱԿԱԴԵՄԻԱԿԱՆ ՉՈՒԽԱՃՅԱՆԱԳԻՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՁԵՎԱՎՈՐՈՒՄՆ ՈՒ ԶԱՐԳԱՑՈՒՄԸ
Authors: Asatryan Anna
Published: October 2021

ISSUES OF MUSICOLOGY ON THE PAGES OF THE "HERALD": FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ACADEMIC TCHOUHADJIAN STUDIES The "Lraber hasarakakan gitutyunneri [Journal of Social Sciences]" scholarly periodical has significantly contributed to the academic musicology, in particular, to the emergence, formation and progress of Tchouhadjian Studies. In close collaboration with the main center of musicology – NAS RA Institute of Arts, the "Lraber" became one of the pioneers of academic Tchouhadjian Studies. The scholarly periodical published the major outcomes of researches on Tchouhadjian’s legacy – his operas "Arshak II", "Arif’s Deception", "Qyose Qehya" and "Zemireh", on the one hand, and reviews – to familiarize the reader with the novelties in academic Tchouhadjian Studies. While promoting Armenian culture and introducing the readership to the achievements in the field of musicology, the scholarly periodical provided space to the musicologists Zara Ter-Ghazaryan, Margarita Rukhkyan and Anna Asatryan, the theater historian Garnik Stepanyan and literary critic Samvel Iskandaryan. We are confident that the "Lraber", by continuing close collaboration with the musicologists of NAS RA Institute of Arts, will proceed with its "Tchouhadjianiana".
Construction of Developable Surface with Geodesic or Line of Curvature Coordinates
Authors: ALTHİBANY Nabil
Published: October 2021

In this paper, a developable surface with geodesic or line of curvature coordinates is constructed in the Euclidean 3-space. A developable surface is coordinated by two families of parametric curves, base curves (directrices) and lines (rulings). Since any part of a straight line on a developable surface is geodesic and line of curvature, we only need to show that the directrices curves are geodesics or lines of curvature to ensure that the developable surface is parameterized by geodesic or line of curvature coordinates. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the directrices curves to be geodesics or lines of curvature are studied. The main results of this paper show that the developable surface with geodesic coordinates is a generalized cylinder, and the developable surface with line of curvature coordinates is a tangent surface.
A colposcopia no diagnóstico precoce do câncer do colo do útero
Authors: Lana Vanessa , Teixeira Luiz Antônio
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo busca traçar a trajetória da utilização da colposcopia nos Estados Unidos, procurando mostrar como essa técnica foi utilizada nesse país, em especial como uma forma de imprimir precisão às dúvidas encontradas nos exames de Papanicolaou. A partir da análise de artigos de revistas americanas analisamos como as discussões sobre a possibilidade de maior utilização da colposcopia como ferramenta para o controle do câncer de colo de útero estiveram presentes na literatura médica americana entre os anos 1950 e 1970, apontando, de forma preliminar, os motivos que limitaram seu uso nesse país.
O uso medicinal de pedras bezoares na obra Paraguay Natural Ilustrado, de José Sánchez Labrador, S.J. (1771)
Authors: Fleck Eliane Cristina Deckmann
Published: October 2021

Este artigo apresenta análise do manuscrito Paraguay Natural Ilustrado, obra escrita pelo padre jesuíta José Sánchez Labrador, entre os anos de 1771 e 1776, na qual ele descreve a fauna e a flora das regiões da Província Jesuítica do Paraguai, bem como as práticas terapêuticas adotadas pelos grupos indígenas junto aos quais atuou como missionário. Dentre os saberes e as práticas curativas dos nativos americanos, Labrador destacou o uso medicinal das pedras bezoares, prática terapêutica sobre a qual nos debruçaremos mais detidamente, contemplando tanto as descrições que constam no sétimo Capítulo – De las Piedras Bezares – do primeiro Livro da Terceira Parte da obra, intitulado Animais quadrúpedes, quanto as referências que o jesuíta faz a elas no quinto Capítulo do Terceiro Livro da Segunda Parte do Paraguay Natural Ilustrado.
Judge Not: Don’t let disagreements lead to disdain
Authors:   Wake Forest University, Jayawickreme Eranda
Published: October 2021

“I’m all for helping refugees, but some cultures just don’t fit with the American way of life.” So said my airplane seatmate a few years ago. He and I were in a heated discussion—should the United States admit more refugees from war-ravaged Syria? As someone who has done research on how forcibly displaced populations cope with the impact of political violence, I had strong views on the topic. Of course, a degree in psychology does not make me a specialist in the complexities of refugee policy in my adopted country. I couldn’t rattle off statistics or deeply informed analyses of resettlement issues. Yet my first instinct when hearing my seatmate’s claim was to challenge him. And, in the back of my mind, to judge him.
Screening, production and partial characterization of proteases from microbial isolates obtained from waste dumpsites
Authors: Tsado Amos Ndarubu , Egwim Evans Chidi , Oyeleke Solomon Bankole , Shittu Oluwatosin Kudirat
Published: October 2021

Background: Proteases are proteolytic enzymes having a wide range of applications in various industries such as the food industry, pharmaceutical industry, medicine, leather and textile. Microorganisms are considered potentially to be the most suitable sources of proteases. Prior to industrial applications of proteases, it is important to investigate physical parameters affecting their enzyme activities. Methods: The microorganisms isolated from different waste dumpsites were screened for proteolytic activity using casein as a substrate. The optimum temperature and pH and kinetic parameters such as Km, Vmax, specific activities and Kcat of the proteases produced were determined to ascertain their industrial prospects. Results: The results obtained showed that A. niger, A. flavus, Penicillium sp, Muccor and Fusarium sp. are the active protease producing fungal isolates while B. subtilis and B. megaterium are the active protease producing bacterial isolates obtained from waste dumpsites. The optimum temperature and pH values of the proteases produced from these isolates were recorded within a close range of 50-60 oC and 8-9 respectively. The protease produced from Penicillium sp isolated from sewage sludge was observed to have maximum Vmax (222.2U/ml) while protease produced from B. subtilis isolated from domestic waste dumpsite was recorded to have the minimum Km value (0.244mg/ml). The protease produced from B. megaterium isolated from the abattoir site was observed to have the highest specific activity (659.02U/mg) while the protease produced from B. subtilis isolated from refuse dumpsite was observed to have a maximum Kcat value (26.42 s-1). Conclusion: These results show that proteases produced by the isolates obtained from; abattoir sites, refuse waste dumpsite, sewage sludge, domestic waste dumpsites, possess remarkable kinetic parameters that are crucial for their industrial applications
COMPARATIVE IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PLUMBAGO ZEYLENICA
Authors:   Smt. S.S. Patil College of Pharmacy, Chopda, Dist-jalgaon 425107, Maharashtra, India, Vadnere G.P , Pathan A.R. , Kulkarni B.U , Singhai A.K.
Published: October 2021

Ethanolic extract of leaf, flower and root of Plumbago zeylenica L. (white variety) traditionally used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders were screened for antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens Staphyllococcus aureus, Escerchia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aurugens, Proteus vulgaris, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella typhi which are known to cause different type of gastrointestinal disorders. The results showed that leaf and root extracts exhibited strong antibacterial action at concentration of 2-8 mg/ mL of the bacterial pathogen tested. However, powdered flower extract showed moderate activity. Thus the present data reveals that leaves and flowers are equally potential for the treatment of bacterial pathogens, which causes intestinal catarrh, indigestion, and colic intestinal abscesses.
Association between physical functioning with cognition among community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alves Juliana Fonseca Nogueira , Cavalcante Bruno Remígio , Valença Amanda de Araújo , Campos Igor Rafael , Tomaz Milena Lucilla Lácio , Araújo Rodrigo Cappato de , Souza Mariana Ferreira de
Published: October 2021

Objective: Declines in physical and cognitive functioning often co-exist through aging. Gait-related parameters have been related to cognitive function, although it is unclear whether other measures of physical functioning are similarly related to cognition. Here, we analyzed the relationship between physical functioning with cognition in older adults. Methods: In total, 116 participants were included (M age = 69 years, SD = 6; 71% women). We quantified cognitive functioning using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and executive functioning tasks (Digit Span Forward minus Backward and verbal fluency tests). Physical function measures included gait speed, Short-physical Performance Battery (SPPB), five-times Sit-to-Stand Test, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, the Six-minute Walk Test (6MWT), and lower extremity muscle strength. We used multiple linear regression analyses to explore the association between cognitive measures and each measure of physical functioning, adjusting for age, sex, education, and RCT. Results: We observed a positive association between muscle strength and the MoCA (b = 0.84, SE = 0.40, 95%CI 0.05–1.64) after controlling for covariates. Significant associations were also found between the five-times-sit-to-stand test (b = -0.63, SE = 0.26, 95%CI -1.15–-0.12), TUG (b = -1.13, SE = 0.57, 95%CI -2.26–-0.01), 6MWT (b = 0.04, SE = 0.02, 95%CI 0.01–0.07), and lower extremity muscle strength (b = 1.92, SE = 0.93, 95%CI 0.09–3.77) with the FAS verbal fluency test, and between the TUG (b = -0.62, SE = 0.24, 95%CI -1.11–-0.14) with animal naming. Conclusion: In community-dwelling older adults, higher levels of muscle strength, dynamic balance and cardiorespiratory fitness were positively related with global cognition and executive control measures.
Functional Respiratory Changes in Patients with Chest Wall Deformities Secondary to Autologous Costal Cartilage Harvest for Auricle Reconstruction
Authors: Gómez C Gutiérrez
Published: October 2021

Background: The gold standard for auricle reconstruction is currently performed with autologous costal cartilage. This process is done at about nine years of age, but it leads to thoracic deformity, reported in up to 70% of the patients using aComputed Tomography (CT) scanner. Objective: The present study aims to determine if this deformity has functional implications for the patients. Methods: 54 patients were clinically evaluated and subjected to spirometry at least one year after the surgery. Results: Four cases had moderate pulmonary restriction, while seven had mild lung restriction. A total of 20.3% of the patients showed pulmonary restriction. The new results are particularly crucial for patients with preoperative (pre-op) ventilatory disease. Conclusion: In patients with thoracic deformity diagnosed by clinic exploration, spirometric abnormalities occur in up to 20.3%; when stratifying the risk by gender, the risk is only significant for women older than 15 years old.
Transdisciplinarity in Evaluating the Health Conditions of Institutionalized Elderly Persons in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Bastos José Roberto de Magalhães
Published: October 2021

The main aim of the research developed and described here was to record and evaluate-in the light of the concept of transdisciplinarity-the conditions of health and functional capacity of institutionalized elderly persons in Bauru, a city with 400,000 inhabitants, situated close to the centre of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A descriptive and exploratory field research was conducted with diverse objects of research and methodologies, considering the fields of Dentistry, Nursing, Physical Therapy, Biomedicine and Speech Therapy. The Government effort in Brazil must be placed on record to make it possible to understand therapid growth of its elderly population, its consequences and needs, with the aim of greatly enhancing attention to their quality of life, compatible with the expectations of the population and authorities in all fields of Brazilian health care.
Evaluation of Transfusion-Related Hemodynamic Parameters in Patients with Beta-Thalassemia Major by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Method
Authors:   University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Prof.Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey, Mut Melis Aydın , Türkkan Emine ,   University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Prof.Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey, Dağ Hüseyin ,   University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Prof.Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey,   Istanbul University, Institute of Child Health, Department of Pediatric Basic Sciences, Adolesance Health, Istanbul, Turkey, Dursun Hasan ,   University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Prof.Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
Published: October 2021

Introduction: There are very few studies on the effects of regular blood transfusions on the hemodynamic organization of patients with Beta-Thalassemia Major (BTM). Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring is method that evaluates fluctuations in day-night periods and life cycle changes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of blood transfusion on hemodynamic parameters by the Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring method on the day of transfusion in patients with a diagnosis of Beta-Thalassemia Major. Material and Methods: This study was conducted in patients who were followed up with a diagnosis of BTM between June 2020 and July 2020. The study consisted of 30 patients. The blood pressure of the patients was measured by auscultation method on the morning of the day when they received routine red blood cell transfusion treatments, and the patients were fitted with an Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring device. With Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring, mean systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, values were calculated for each patient. Statistical analysis was performed by the IBM SPSS Statistics 21 package program. The significance limit for the p-value was accepted as <0.05. Results: There was a significant difference in mean systolic blood pressure and heart rate values between pre-transfusion, transfusion, and post-transfusion periods. In our study, the rate of white coat hypertension was 8.3%, and the rate of masked hypertension was 4.1%. It was observed that 67% of the patients were non-dippers, and the blood pressure burden of one patient was more than 25%. Conclusions: Measurement of hemodynamic parameters with Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring is the gold standard in terms of detection and follow-up of non-dipper patients, indicating increased cardiovascular risk. In practice, Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring should be used more in the follow-up of chronic patients.
Inappropriate laboratory testing requests: perspectives of clinical laboratory professionals
Authors:   Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia, Alasmari Sultan
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Laboratory examinations constitute a major factor in achieving the correct clinical diagnosis for patients. However, the ordering of unnecessary or inappropriate laboratory testing remains common, with consequent consumption of laboratory resources whether human or material. The present work evaluated the level of satisfaction of laboratory practitioners toward the appropriateness of laboratory tests ordered by physicians. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved a total of 256 medical laboratory practitioners representing different qualifications and health care sectors, who answered several questions concerning their knowledge and attitudes toward inappropriate laboratory testing ordered by physicians. Results: More than 85% of respondents agreed with the definition provided in the survey, which is substantially consistent with prior studies. More than 90% affirmed the associated drain on time and resources. However, discrepant responses were received concerning physician awareness of test availability, and participants reported laboratory staff arguments with physicians due to orders for unnecessary tests. Data showed that unnecessary orders were mainly requested by physicians of less experience. Conclusions: Ultimately, dissatisfaction was manifest among clinical laboratory professionals, and educational interventions are required to moderate request behaviors.
A Rare Case of Botulism in an Adult Patient
Authors:   California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, California, USA, Montes-Velez Deyna , Bautista William ,   California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, California, USA, Brophy Samantha ,   California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, California, USA, Chatten-Brown Justin ,   Emergency physician and Director of the Emergency Department, Dignity Health Woodland Memorial Hospital, Woodland, California, USA, Ranasinghe Leonard ,   Professor of Medical Education and Emergency Medicine, Director of Emergency Medicine Clerkship, California Northstate Univer sity College of Medicine, Elk Grove, California, USA
Published: October 2021

Presentation of botulism in adults is extremely rare and symptoms can be easily confused for symptoms of acute stroke, Guillain-Barre, or myasthenia gravis. The purpose of this clinical case report is to ensure adult botulism will be included in the differential diagnoses for a patient with this presentation so swift and accurate care can be provided to ensure optimal patient outcome. A 41-year-old-female presented with complaints of sudden onset of difficulty speaking. The patient reports a history of intravenous polysubstance abuse and symptoms progressed to bilateral facial weakness, ptosis, and external ophthalmoplegia. With no notable findings from a non-contrast computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and given the symptoms, a diagnosis of wound botulism from intravenous drug use was made. Botulism antitoxin was given and the patient was admitted into the intensive care unit for supportive follow-up care. A colony of Clostridium species was discovered in this patient’s arm and the patient showed significant improvement after a few days of care.
Topological Data Analysis applications in Meteorology
Authors: Pereira Sena Caio Atila
Published: October 2021

Meteorology is currently built on a variety of measurements from several sources. The means to gain insight over the amount of available data are subject to intrinsic characteristics of the data. In this context, Topological Data Analysis (TDA) tools offer the possibility to overcome those limitations and harness a huge amount of data. Due to its roots in Group Theory, TDA can be intimidating and is yet underexplored in Meteorology. The current review aims to prospect some of TDA’s capabilities in Atmospheric Sciences and provide insights on possible applications.