bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rethinking clinical governance: healthcare professionals’ views: a Delphi study
Authors: Veenstra Gepke L , Ahaus Kees , Welker Gera A , Heineman Erik , van der Laan Maarten J , Muntinghe Friso L H
Published: January 2017

Objective

Although the guiding principle of clinical governance states that healthcare professionals are the leading contributors to quality and safety in healthcare, little is known about what healthcare professionals perceive as important for clinical governance. The aim of this study is to clarify this by exploring healthcare professionals' views on clinical governance.

Design

Based on a literature search, a list of 99 elements related to clinical governance was constructed. This list was refined, extended and restricted during a three-round Delphi study.

Setting and participants

The panel of experts was formed of 24 healthcare professionals from an academic hospital that is seen as a leader in terms of its clinical governance expertise in the Netherlands.

Main outcome measures

Rated importance of each element on a four-point scale.

Results

The 50 elements that the panel perceived as most important related to adopting a bottom-up approach to clinical governance, ownership, teamwork, learning from mistakes and feedback. The panel did not reach a consensus concerning elements that referred to patient involvement. Elements that referred to a managerial approach to clinical governance and standardisation of work were rejected by the panel.

Conclusions

In the views of the panel of experts, clinical governance is a practice-based, value-driven approach that has the goal of delivering the highest possible quality care and ensuring the safety of patients. Bottom-up approaches and effective teamwork are seen as crucial for high quality and safe healthcare. Striving for high quality and safe healthcare is underpinned by continuous learning, shared responsibility and good relationships and collaboration between healthcare professionals, managers and patients.
Thyroid cytology–histology correlation using the RCPath terminology for thyroid cytology reporting
Authors: Parkinson D , Aziz S , Bentley R , Johnson S J
Published: January 2017

Aims

The Royal College of Pathologists Thy1–5 thyroid cytology guidance, 2009, second edition 2016, invites audits of its use. This report documents the experience of one department, assessing percentage usage of each Thy category, correlation with subsequent histology and comparison with other published studies.

Methods

Thyroid cytology and subsequent histology reports for 7 years (1 January 2008–31 December 2014) were reviewed, excluding referrals. Years 2008–2010 were compared with 2011–2014.

Results

There were 1090 specimens in 2008–2010, 1239 in 2011–2014. Thy usage for 2008–2010/2011–2014, respectively was: Thy1 16.1%/9.8%; Thy1c 10.6%/10.7%; Thy2/2c 52.4%/45.2%; Thy3a 9.6%/14.4%; Thy3f 5.8%/10.9%; Thy4 2.3%/3.6%; Thy5 1.8%/5.4%. 772 specimens had subsequent histology: 415 non-neoplastic lesions; 357 neoplasms (110 benign, 247 malignant). Risk of malignancy (ROM) (including non-histology cases) for 2008-2010/2011-2014: Thy1/1c 5.2%/4.0%; Thy2/2c 1.4%/1.4%; Thy3a 10.0%/14.5%; Thy3f 25.4%/26.7%. Positive predictive values (PPVs) for neoplasia (histology cases only): Thy3a 20.3%/56.9%; Thy3f 60.0%/64.8%; Thy4 58.3%/90.9%; Thy5 100%/100%. PPVs for malignancy (histology cases only): Thy3a 10.2%/36.1%; Thy3f 35.4%/33.3%; Thy4 50.0%/81.8%; Thy5 100%/100%. The Thy3a/Thy5 ratio for 2011–2014 was 2.7.

Conclusions

Numerical reporting categories facilitate audit and comparison with other published results. Technique-related inadequates (Thy1) have reduced but cystic lesions (Thy1c) are stable, in keeping with increased use of ultrasound scanning (USS). Thy2/2c has reduced, probably reflecting increased USS selection of non-benign nodules for sampling. ROMs for Thy1/1c/2/2c are low. Usage of all positive categories, Thy3a, Thy3f, Thy4 and Thy5, has increased. As others have reported for atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance, Thy3a is followed by malignancy more frequently than expected. There is stable prediction of malignancy by Thy3f and Thy5, the latter being 100% throughout.
Huang Qi Decoction Prevents BDL-Induced Liver Fibrosis Through Inhibition of Notch Signaling Activation
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Xu Ying , Chen Jia-Mei , Liu Cheng , Du Guang-Li , Zhang Hua , Chen Gao-Feng , Jiang Shi-Li , Liu Cheng-Hai , Mu Yong-Ping , Liu Ping
Published: January 2017

Notch signaling has been demonstrated to be involved in ductular reactions and fibrosis. Previous studies have shown that Huang Qi Decoction (HQD) can prevent the progression of cholestatic liver fibrosis (CLF). However, whether HQD affects the Notch signaling pathway is unclear. In this study, CLF was established by common bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats. At the end of the first week, the rats were randomly divided into a model group (i.e., BDL), an HQD group, and a sorafenib positive control group (SORA) and were treated for 3 weeks. Bile duct proliferation and liver fibrosis were determined by tissue staining. Activation of the Notch signaling pathway was evaluated by analyzing expressions of Notch-1, -2, -3, and -4, Jagged (JAG) 1, and Delta like (DLL)-1, -3, and -4. The results showed that HQD significantly reduced the deposition of collagen and the Hyp content of liver tissue and inhibited the activation of HSCs compared with the BDL group. In addition, HQD significantly decreased the protein and mRNA expressions of TGF-[Formula: see text]1 and [Formula: see text]-SMA. In contrast, HQD significantly enhanced expression of the Smad 7 protein. HQD also reduced biliary epithelial cell proliferation, and reduced the mRNA levels of CK7, CK8, CK18, SRY-related high mobility group-box gene (SOX) 9, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and the positive areas of CK19 and OV6. In addition, the mRNA and protein expressions of Notch-3, -4, JAG1, and DLL-1, -3 were significantly reduced in the HQD compared to the BDL group. These results demonstrated that HQD may prevent biliary liver fibrosis through inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway, and it may be a potential treatment for cholestatic liver disease.
Baicalein Induces Beclin 1- and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase-Dependent Autophagy in Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Wang Ya-Fang , Xu Yu-Lian , Tang Zheng-Hai , Li Ting , Zhang Le-Le , Chen Xiuping , Lu Jia-Hong , Leung Chung-Hang , Ma Dik-Lung , Qiang Wen-An , Wang Yi-Tao , Lu Jin-Jian
Published: January 2017

Baicalein (BA), one of the major compounds isolated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Gerogi, exhibits various pharmacological effects, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. In this study, we found that BA reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Treatment of cells with BA enhanced microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3-II) expression, acidic vesicular organelle and GFP-LC3 fluorescence dot accumulation. Combined treatment with chloroquine and BA apparently reduced cell viability and increased the cleavage of poly (ADPribose) polymerase (PARP) in both HEY and A2780 ovarian cancer cell lines, indicating that BA induces a protective autophagy in these cells. Knockdown of Beclin 1 by siRNA remarkably decreased BA-induced LC3-II lipidation. In addition, we found an increase in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK, Thr202/Thr204) and AKT (Ser473) after BA treatment, and inhibition of ERK activation by the pharmacological inhibitor U0126 or ERK siRNA blocked BA-induced autophagy. Taken together, these results suggest that BA induces Beclin 1- and ERK-dependent autophagy in ovarian cancer cells.
Analytization of elastic scattering amplitude
Authors: Troshin S. M. , Tyurin N. E.
Published: January 2017

Scenario for restoration of the real part of the elastic scattering amplitude has been proposed for the unitarity saturation case. Dependence of the real part of the elastic scattering amplitude on the transferred momentum [Formula: see text] at the asymptotical energies has been restored from the corresponding imaginary part on the basis of derivative analyticity relations (analytization procedure).
Synthesis and characterization of MnO2nanowires
Authors: Ghorbani Mohammad Hossein , Davarpanah Abdol Mahmood
Published: January 2017

Manganese oxides are of more interest to researchers because of their ability as catalysts and lithium batteries. In this research, MnO2nanowires with diameter about 45 nm were synthesized by sol–gel method at room temperature (RT). Effect of increasing the annealing temperature from 400[Formula: see text]C to 600[Formula: see text]C on crystalline structure of nanostructure were studied and average crystallite size was estimated about 22 nm. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) method, Energy-Dispersive X-ray Diffraction (EDXD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) were used to characterize the nanowires of MnO2.
The Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Success: A Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Overall Jeffrey , Wise Sean
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this research is to understand: (1) the main themes that appear to contribute to entrepreneurial success, (2) the various combinations of antecedents that can lead to entrepreneurial success, and; (3) the role that travel plays in entrepreneurial success. We first use a qualitative methodology to assess the themes that emerge in our conversations with 14 highly-successful Canadian entrepreneurs. The main categories that emerged from our interviews that contribute to entrepreneurial success involve: learning, travel, adversity quotient, and mentorship. From these results, we conduct a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) and find that the input variables that were most important to entrepreneurial success were: learning, experiencing failure, learning from mentors, and adversity quotient. The contributions to knowledge of this research are twofold. First, we show that travel is an important construct to entrepreneurial success, which is significant as travel has largely been omitted from the entrepreneurship literature. Second, we show that entrepreneurial success is dependent on a complex combination of variables of varying levels of importance.
The Effect of Risk Perception and Cognitive Biases on the Evaluation of Opportunity in Family and Non-Family Entrepreneurs: The Case of Tunisian Entrepreneurs
Authors: Dali Najoua , Harbi Sana
Published: January 2017

This study uses cognitive biases to examine opportunity evaluation among family and non-family entrepreneurs, and investigated the effect of risk perception in this type of entrepreneurs. The aim of this paper is to examine empirically if family entrepreneurs differ in terms of risk perception and opportunity evaluation from non-family entrepreneurs. We use a sample of 144 established businesses to run both test hypothesis and regression analysis. Our results indicate that there is no significant difference between the two categories of entrepreneurs. The structural regression analysis suggests that risk perception mediates opportunity evaluation and that (i) the belief in the law of small numbers and (ii) the illusion of control decreases risk perception among entrepreneurs when evaluating an opportunity.
At the Intersection of Chemistry, Biology, and Medicine
Authors: Walsh Christopher T.
Published: January 2017

After an undergraduate degree in biology at Harvard, I started graduate school at The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in New York City in July 1965. I was attracted to the chemical side of biochemistry and joined Fritz Lipmann's large, hierarchical laboratory to study enzyme mechanisms. That work led to postdoctoral research with Robert Abeles at Brandeis, then a center of what, 30 years later, would be called chemical biology. I spent 15 years on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty, in both the Chemistry and Biology Departments, and then 26 years on the Harvard Medical School Faculty. My research interests have been at the intersection of chemistry, biology, and medicine. One unanticipated major focus has been investigating the chemical logic and enzymatic machinery of natural product biosynthesis, including antibiotics and antitumor agents. In this postgenomic era it is now recognized that there may be from 105 to 106 biosynthetic gene clusters as yet uncharacterized for potential new therapeutic agents.
Enteric glia cells are critical to limiting the intestinal inflammatory response after injury
Authors: Langness Simone , Kojima Mitsuaki , Coimbra Raul , Eliceiri Brian P. , Costantini Todd W.
Published: January 2017

Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has been shown to limit intestinal inflammation following injury; however, a direct connection between vagal terminals and resident intestinal immune cells has yet to be identified. We have previously shown that enteric glia cell (EGC) expression is increased after injury through a vagal-mediated pathway to help restore gut barrier function. We hypothesize that EGCs modulate immune cell recruitment following injury and relay vagal anti-inflammatory signals to resident immune cells in the gut. EGCs were selectively ablated from an isolated segment of distal bowel with topical application of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) in male mice. Three days following BAC application, mice were subjected to an ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) by superior mesenteric artery occlusion for 30 min. VNS was performed in a separate cohort of animals. EGC+and EGC−segments were compared utilizing histology, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and intestinal permeability. VNS significantly reduced immune cell recruitment after I/R injury in EGC+segments with cell percentages similar to sham. VNS failed to limit immune cell recruitment in EGC−segments. Histologic evidence of gut injury was diminished with VNS application in EGC+segments, whereas EGC−segments showed features of more severe injury. Intestinal permeability increased following I/R injury in both EGC+and EGC−segments. Permeability was significantly lower after VNS application compared with injury alone in EGC+segments only (95.1 ± 30.0 vs. 217.6 ± 21.7 μg/ml, P < 0.05). Therefore, EGC ablation uncouples the protective effects of VNS, suggesting that vagal-mediated signals are translated to effector cells through EGCs.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Intestinal inflammation is initiated by local immune cell activation and epithelial barrier breakdown, resulting in the production of proinflammatory mediators with subsequent leukocyte recruitment. Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has been shown to limit intestinal inflammation following injury; however, direct connection between vagal terminals and resident intestinal immune cells has yet to be identified. Here, we demonstrate that intact enteric glia cells are required to transmit the gut anti-inflammatory effects of VNS.
Moderate-intensity resistance exercise alters skeletal muscle molecular and cellular structure and function in inactive older adults with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Miller Mark S. , Callahan Damien M. , Tourville Timothy W. , Slauterbeck James R. , Kaplan Anna , Fiske Brad R. , Savage Patrick D. , Ades Philip A. , Beynnon Bruce D. , Toth Michael J.
Published: January 2017

High-intensity resistance exercise (REX) training increases physical capacity, in part, by improving muscle cell size and function. Moderate-intensity REX, which is more feasible for many older adults with disease and/or disability, also increases physical function, but the mechanisms underlying such improvements are not understood. Therefore, we measured skeletal muscle structure and function from the molecular to the tissue level in response to 14 wk of moderate-intensity REX in physically inactive older adults with knee osteoarthritis ( n = 17; 70 ± 1 yr). Although REX training increased quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), average single-fiber CSA was unchanged because of reciprocal changes in myosin heavy chain (MHC) I and IIA fibers. Intermyofibrillar mitochondrial content increased with training because of increases in mitochondrial size in men, but not women, with no changes in subsarcolemmal mitochondria in either sex. REX increased whole muscle contractile performance similarly in men and women. In contrast, adaptations in single-muscle fiber force production per CSA (i.e., tension) and contractile velocity varied between men and women in a fiber type-dependent manner, with adaptations being explained at the molecular level by differential changes in myosin-actin cross-bridge kinetics and mechanics and single-fiber MHC protein expression. Our results are notable compared with studies of high-intensity REX because they show that the effects of moderate-intensity REX in older adults on muscle fiber size/structure and myofilament function are absent or modest. Moreover, our data highlight unique sex-specific adaptations due to differential cellular and subcellular structural and functional changes.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Moderate-intensity resistance training causes sex-specific adaptations in skeletal muscle structure and function at the cellular and molecular levels in inactive older adult men and women with knee osteoarthritis. However, these responses were minimal compared with high-intensity resistance training. Thus adjuncts to moderate-intensity training need to be developed to correct underlying cellular and molecular structural and functional deficits that are at the root of impaired physical function in this mobility-limited population.
Radiation-Induced Enhancement of Antitumor T-cell Immunity by VEGF-Targeted 4-1BB Costimulation
Authors: Schrand Brett , Verma Bhavna , Levay Agata , Patel Shradha , Castro Iris , Benaduce Ana Paula , Brenneman Randall , Umland Oliver , Yagita Hideo , Gilboa Eli , Ishkanian Adrian
Published: January 2017

Radiotherapy can elicit systemic immune control of local tumors and distant nonirradiated tumor lesions, known as the abscopal effect. Although this effect is enhanced using checkpoint blockade or costimulatory antibodies, objective responses remain suboptimal. As radiotherapy can induce secretion of VEGF and other stress products in the tumor microenvironment, we hypothesized that targeting immunomodulatory drugs to such products will not only reduce toxicity but also broaden the scope of tumor-targeted immunotherapy. Using an oligonucleotide aptamer platform, we show that radiation-induced VEGF-targeted 4-1BB costimulation potentiated both local tumor control and abscopal responses with equal or greater efficiency than 4-1BB, CTLA-4, or PD1 antibodies alone. Although 4-1BB and CTLA-4 antibodies elicited organ-wide inflammatory responses and tissue damage, VEGF-targeted 4-1BB costimulation produced no observable toxicity. These findings suggest that radiation-induced tumor-targeted immunotherapy can improve the therapeutic index and extend the reach of immunomodulatory agents. Cancer Res; 77(6); 1310–21. ©2017 AACR.
Cytokeratin 7 in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Junctional Biomarker for Human Papillomavirus–Related Tumors
Authors: Woods Robbie S.R. , Keegan Helen , White Christine , Tewari Prerna , Toner Mary , Kennedy Susan , O'Regan Esther M. , Martin Cara M. , Timon Conrad V.I. , O'Leary John J.
Published: January 2017

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV)–related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents a distinct subgroup of head and neck tumors. We analyze the expression of cytokeratin 7, a junctional biomarker with a SEQIKA fragment, which stabilizes HPV-16 E7 transcripts, in oropharyngeal SCCs.

Methods: Archived tumor specimens and epidemiologic data were collected from patients with oropharyngeal SCCs over 10 years. Briefly, DNA was extracted from tissue blocks, and HPV testing was carried out using SPF10 HPV PCR and INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping. Immunohistochemical staining for CK7 and p16ink4a was performed on the Ventana BenchMark Ultra Immunostainer. Analysis was by light microscopy using the H-score. CK7 expression was correlated with epidemiologic data, p16ink4a positivity, and HPV status using SPSS.

Results: CK7 expression was observed specifically and uniformly in the tonsillar crypt epithelium of normal tonsils and tumor specimens. There were 226 cases of oropharyngeal SCCs, with 70 demonstrating both HPV and p16 positivity. Of 216 cases evaluated for CK7, 106 demonstrated some positivity, whereas H-score > 60 was seen in 55 of these. CK7 H-score > 60 was significantly associated with tonsillar subsite and HPV and p16 positivity.

Conclusions: An association between CK7 and HPV has been demonstrated. CK7-expressing tonsillar crypt cells potentially represent an oropharyngeal subsite susceptible to HPV-related SCC.

Impact: Along with the cervix and anorectum, specific oropharyngeal expression of CK7 in a site predisposed to HPV-related tumors may suggest a role for CK7 in the pathogenesis of this subgroup of tumors. Further research is warranted to characterize the association between CK7 and HPV-related head and neck SCC. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(5); 702–10. ©2017 AACR.
Identification of Genetic Variants Linking Protein C and Lipoprotein Metabolism
Authors: Pankow James S. , Tang Weihong , Pankratz Nathan , Guan Weihua , Weng Lu-Chen , Cushman Mary , Boerwinkle Eric , Folsom Aaron R.
Published: January 2017

Objective—

Previous studies have identified common genetic variants in 4 chromosomal regions that together account for 14% to 15% of the variance in circulating levels of protein C. To further characterize the genetic architecture of protein C, we obtained denser coverage at some loci, extended investigation of protein C to low-frequency and rare variants, and searched for new associations in genes known to influence protein C.

Approach and Results—

Genetic associations with protein C antigen level were evaluated in ≤10 778 European and 3190 black participants aged 45 to 64 years. Analyses included >26 million autosomal variants available after imputation to the 1000 Genomes reference panel along with additional low-frequency and rare variants directly genotyped using the Illumina ITMAT-Broad-CARe chip and Illumina HumanExome BeadChip. Genome-wide significant associations (
P
<5×10
−8
) were found for common variants in the
GCKR
,
PROC
,
BAZ1B
, and
PROCR-EDEM2
regions in whites and
PROC
and
PROCR-EDEM2
regions in blacks, confirming earlier findings. In a novel finding, the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol–lowering allele of rs12740374, located in the CELSR2–PSRC1–SORT1 region, was associated with lower protein C level in both whites and blacks, reaching genome-wide significance in a meta-analysis combining results from both groups (
P
=1.4×10
−9
). To further investigate a possible link between lipid metabolism and protein C level, we conducted Mendelian randomization analyses using 185 lipid-related genetic variants as instrumental variables. The results indicated that triglycerides, and possibly low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, influence protein C levels.

Conclusions—

Discovery of variants influencing circulating protein C levels in the CELSR2–PSRC1–SORT1 region may indicate a novel genetic link between lipoprotein metabolism and hemostasis.
A World No Longer Shared
Authors: McDougall James
Published: January 2017

This article examines the rapid and dramatic shifts in position, perception, and possibility that characterized the onset of colonialism in the Maghrib. The focus is on a small, interrelated group of families of Algiers notables. Their heads, the merchant and state servant Ḥamdān ibn ʿUthmān Khoja and the banker and businessman Aḥmad Bū Ḍarba, played important roles in attempting to negotiate an accommodation with the French occupiers between 1830 and 1833. By 1836, they found themselves pushed out, both politically and physically, from the cité (both physical and symbolic) that they had, until then, imagined themselves as sharing on equal terms with interlocutors on the other shore of the Mediterranean. Closing down their possibilities of dialogue can be seen as the first, decisive step in the emergence of French definitions of a “monologic,” exclusively European articulation of the meaning of modernity in North Africa.
Sexual and Gender-based Violence in International Criminal Law: A Feminist Assessment of the Bemba Case
Authors: D’Aoust Marie-Alice
Published: January 2017

In March 2016, the International Criminal Court (icc) rendered a guilty verdict against Jean-Pierre Bemba, ex-president of the Democratic Republic of Congo, for his involvement in operations in the Central African Republic from 2002 to 2004. He was found guilty in his capacity as military commander of crimes against humanity and war crimes. The decision is the first by the icc to address sexual violence as a weapon of war and in the context of command responsibility. This article assesses the Bemba decision from a feminist perspective. Key normative developments have occurred in the substantive international criminal law surrounding sexual violence, and the guilty verdict against Jean-Pierre Bemba represents an effective implementation of international criminal law. However, in light of major feminist concerns that arise in international law on sexual violence, the encouraging developments in the judgement occur mostly at the implementation level, leaving much to be done in terms of gender conceptualization and norm-setting.
Challenging US Hegemony: The Ukrainian Crisis and Russian Regional Order
Authors: Slobodchikoff Michael O.
Published: January 2017

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia was reduced from the role of a global hegemon to that of a regional hegemon. As the regional hegemon, Russia was responsible for creating a regional order that was nested within the global order. However, since the Soviet Union had collapsed, it could not be assumed that Russia would create a regional order that was compatible with the global order. Would Russia create a regional order that was incompatible with the global order, and further, would Russia be a dissatisfied state that would challenge US hegemony? Using network analysis, I discover that Russia created a regional order that was compatible with the global order. In other words, Russia did not directly challenge the global order. More specifically, Russia accepted the global order that existed at the end of the Cold War. Providing that the global order remained static, Russia would not challenge that order. However, US actions following the collapse of the Soviet Union such as the expansion ofnatoand the withdrawal from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty are interpreted by Russia as a dynamic change in the global order. The Ukrainian crisis further exacerbated the wedge that had developed between the United States and Russia. It has further isolated Russia, destroyed the regional order nested within the global order, and ensured that Russia fully became a dissatisfied state looking to challenge US hegemony. Russia will now turn to China to try to challenge US hegemony.
Reappraisal of Climacodon (Basidiomycota, Meruliaceae) and reinstatement of Donkia (Phanerochaetaceae) using multigene data
Authors: MORENO GABRIEL , BLANCO M. NATIVIDAD , PLATAS GONZALO , CHECA JULIA , OLARIAGA IBAI
Published: January 2017

Climacodon comprises species characterized by a hydnoid hymenophore, a monomitic hyphal system and spores without iodine reactions. Climacodon pulcherrimus is unique within Climacodon due to having multiple clamp connections. Current taxonomy of Climacodon relies exclusively on treatments based on morphological observations. In this study, we constructed a 6-locus DNA phylogeny (LSU, 5.8S, SSU, RPB2, ef-1α, RPB1) to evaluate the monophily of Climacodon. Our results show that Climacodon is polyphyletic as currently circumscribed. Climacodon sanguineus forms a well-supported clade with C. septentrionale, type species of Climacodon, and nests in the Phlebioid clade. A third species, Climacodon roseomaculatus, is closely related to C. sanguineus based on ITS sequence data. Hence, these three species belong to Climacodon s. str., which is characterized by having thick-walled crystalliferous cystidia. Meruliaceae is adopted as family placement for Climacodon s. str. and the whole Phlebioid clade. On the contrary, Climacodon pulcherrimus is nested in the Phanerochaete clade and better accommodated in the monotypic genus Donkia, within Phanerochaetaceae. The presence of multiple clamps by septum in C. pulcherrimus is shared with some Phanerochaete species of this clade. Recent collections of C. sanguineus were compared with the type material, and coloured photographs of macro- and microscopic features of C. sanguineus and Donkia pulcherrima are provided.
Fırat M. & Yıldız K. (2016) Silene konuralpii (Sect. Spergulifoliae, Caryophyllaceae), a new species from eastern Anatolia. Phytotaxa 288 (3): 214‒226
Authors: FIRAT MEHMET , YILDIZ KEMAL
Published: January 2017

N/A
Rediscovery of Senecio reitzianus (Asteraceae), a species believed to be possibly extinct, on Santa Catarina Island, southern Brazil
Authors: FUNEZ LUÍS ADRIANO , HASSEMER GUSTAVO , FERREIRA JOÃO PAULO RAMOS
Published: January 2017

Senecio reitzianus was described from sand dunes in Lagoa da Conceição (Florianópolis, Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil). The species remained to be known only from the type. Almost seventy years later, we discovered a population of this species in Costão do Santinho, about 20 km from the type locality. A detailed account of this population is provided and its conservation status is assessed. We also present photographs of this species from the wild and also of the holotype, as well as a new description and comparisons with similar species in the genus. Our results reinforce the urgent need of further field work, especially on data-deficient species, in order to have a chance to prevent the species extinction.
Two new combinations in Iberian Santolina (Compositae) based on morphology and molecular evidences
Authors: CARBAJAL RODRIGO , SERRANO MIGUEL , ORTIZ SANTIAGO , SÁEZ LLORENÇ
Published: January 2017

The genus Santolina is represented in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands mainly by two complexes of species: S. rosmarinifolia aggr. and S. chamaecyparissus aggr., with a great similarity between the taxa included in each of these complexes. In the study of Santolina for the “Flora iberica” project, we prefer the species rank for the taxa with main differences in foliar and involucral bracts. Two new combinations, S. vedranensis and S. montiberica, are proposed here on the basis of our morphological analysis and on evidences from our ongoing molecular studies.
Three new species of Paronychia (Caryophyllaceae) from Turkey
Authors: BUDAK ÜMİT , HAMZAOĞLU ERGİN , COŞKUNÇELEBİ KAMİL , TÜRKER ZEYNEP
Published: January 2017

On the basis of both morphological and molecular data, three new species belonging to the genus Paronychia were described from Turkey: P. aksoyii (from Tortum, Erzurum) which is related to P. saxatilis, P. kocii (from Kelkit, Erzincan) which is related to P. turcica, and P. davrazensis (from Isparta) which is related to P. pontica. Morpholgy, notes on ecology, conservation status and distribution maps are provided for each new species, as well as a morphological comparison with the related taxa is given.
Словообразувателни модели на жителските имена (nomina habitatorum) в съвременния български и чешки език
Authors: Аврамова [Avramova] Цветанка [TSvetanka]
Published: January 2017

Word-formation models of inhabitant nouns (nomina habitatorum) in contemporary Bulgarian and CzechThe article analyses the word-formation models (WFM) of the nomina habitatorum in Bulgarian and Czech. The term WFM is very similar to, but not conterminous with, the concept of word-formation type (WFT) as defined by Miloš Dokulil. WFT is understood here as superordinate in relation to WFM. WFT is defined by the same set of properties as WFM but differs from the latter according to the character of the formant; while in FM the character is physical (formal, based on sound), in WFT the character of the formant is functional and structural. The formant assigns the derivative to affixation, paradigmatic or composition word-formation pattern. As lexemes naming a person in accordance with a particular place, the nomina habitatorum constitute a subcategory within the word-formation category of nouns of belonging (nomina pertinentia). The word-formation meaning of nomina habitatorum can be represented by the paraphrase “X belongs to Y,” where X is a person and Y – a place in a broad sense. Modele słowotwórcze rzeczowników oznaczających nazwy mieszkańców (nomina habitatorum) we współczesnym języku bułgarskim i czeskimArtykuł analizuje modele słowotwórcze rzeczowników z klasy nomina habitatorum we współczesnym języku bułgarskim i czeskim. Zakres pojęciowy terminu „model słowotwórczy” jest zbliżony do zakresu pojęcia „typ słowotwórczy” zaproponowanego przez Miloša Dokulila, nie jest jednak z nim tożsamy. Typ słowotwórczy (TS) rozumiany jest tutaj jako pojęcie podrzędne wobec modelu słowotwórczego (MS). TS jest określany przez ten sam zestaw właściwości co MS, różni się jednak od niego charakterystyką formantu. Podczas gdy w MS formant charakteryzuje się wedle cech fizycznych (formalnych, opartych na brzmieniu), w TS charakterystyka formantu oparta jest na kryteriach funkcjonalnych i strukturalnych. Na podstawie formantu derywat zaliczony zostaje do określonego wzorca słowotwórczego: afiksalnego, paradygmatycznego lub kompozycyjnego. Jako leksemy nadające danej osobie określenie związane z konkretnym miejscem nomina habitatorum stanowią podkategorię słowotwórczej kategorii nazw przynależności (nomina pertinentia). Znaczenie słowotwórcze rzeczowników z grupy nomina habitatorum można wyrazić parafrazą „X należy do Y”, gdzie X to osoba, a Y – szeroko pojęte miejsce.
Ortograficzne i ortoepiczne zróżnicowanie słowacko-serbskich aproksymatów międzyjęzykowych
Authors: Faško Ivan
Published: January 2017

Orthographic and orthoepic diversity of Serbo‑Slovak interlingual approximatesThe paper is a presentation of the results of a qualitative formal analysis of different types of Serbo-Slovak interlingual approximates (false friends, interlingual homonyms). In his earlier research on Serbo-Slovak approximation, the author of this paper defined the appropriate terminology and the meaning of the notions similar and identical in terms of quantitative analysis. The results of the study are based on lexical material containing 266 pairs of Serbo-Slovak approximates. They have been classified into four groups – interlingual homonyms, homophones, homographs and paronyms. We found that the differences between approximates are similar in their nature within the groups they were classified into. The existence of these types of differences is possible due to the presence of numerous spelling principles in the Slovak orthography – which features a combination of the phonetic, morphological, grammatical and etymological principles. In the Serbian language, the phonetic principle is the only one consistently present, and the morphological principle can be seen only in a few exceptions. Orthoepic differences are closely related to the orthographic ones. In addition, we can distinguish other kinds of differences which result from a different etymological development or are accidental. Comparing and understanding differences gives a comprehensive and clear view of the formal differentiation of Serbo-Slovak interlingual approximation. Ortograficzne i ortoepiczne zróżnicowanie słowacko‑serbskich aproksymatów międzyjęzykowychW niniejszym artykule zaprezentowane zostały wyniki analizy jakościowej pojedynczych rodzajów serbsko-słowackich aproksymatów międzyjęzykowych (wyrazów zdradliwych, homonimów międzyjęzykowych) pod względem ich formy. Autor w swoich wcześniejszych badaniach nad aproksymacją serbsko-słowacką zajął się zdefiniowaniem odpowiedniej terminologii i ustaleniem znaczenia pojęć podobny i identyczny za pomocą analizy ilościowej. Wyniki badań opierają się na materiale leksykalnym liczącym 266 par serbsko-słowackich aproksymatów. Zaklasyfikowano je do czterech grup – homonimy, homofony, homografy oraz paronimy międzyjęzykowe. Okazało się, że różnice między aproksymatami mają podobny charakter w zależności od tego, do której z grup aproksymaty zostały zaklasyfikowane. Pojawienie się tych różnic wynika z istnienia kilku zasad ortograficznych w pisowni języka słowackiego – połączenie zasady fonetycznej, morfologicznej, gramatycznej oraz etymologicznej, podczas gdy w języku serbskim obecna jest tylko zasada fonetyczna, morfologiczną można zauważyć w kilku wyjątkach. Różnice ortoepiczne są ściśle powiązane z ortograficznymi. Oprócz tego wskazać można takie różnice, które wynikają z odmiennego rozwoju etymologicznego lub są przypadkowe. Porównanie i poznanie różnic daje możliwość pełniejszego spojrzenia na formalne zróżnicowanie serbsko-słowackich aproksymatów międzyjęzykowych.
Strefy dialektalne języka białoruskiego jako przykład językowych kontaktów z sąsiednimi narodami
Authors: Jankowiak Mirosław
Published: January 2017

Dialectal zones of the Belarusian language as an example of language contacts between neighbouring nationsThe article regards dialectal zones of the Belarusian language, which, as opposed to the traditional division into dialectal belts and dialectal groups, were marked out mainly on the basis of lexical and not grammatical features. While the traditionally delineated dialects indicate ethnographic unity of the Belarusian nation, dialectal zones present cultural and historical contacts with neighbouring nations. We can distinguish five zones: north-western (contacts with the Baltic languages, mainly with Lithuanian, and the Polish language of the northern borderland), south-eastern (contacts with Russian and Ukrainian), western (contacts with Polish), eastern (contacts with Russian) and central. Strefy dialektalne języka białoruskiego jako przykład językowych kontaktów z sąsiednimi narodami Artykuł traktuje o strefach dialektalnych języka białoruskiego, które, w odróżnieniu od tradycyjnego podziału na pasy dialektów i grupy gwarowe, zostały wyznaczone przede wszystkim w oparciu o cechy leksykalne, a nie gramatyczne. O ile tradycyjne dialekty wskazują na etnogenetyczną wspólnotę narodu białoruskiego, o tyle strefy dialektalne na kulturowo-historyczne kontakty z narodami sąsiednimi. Wyróżnia się pięć stref: północno-zachodnią (kontakt z językami bałtyckimi, głównie litewskim, i polszczyzną północnokresową), południowo-wschodnią (z rosyjskim i ukraińskim), zachodnią (z językiem polskim), wschodnią (z językiem rosyjskim) oraz centralną.
Przydatność analizy semantycznej i składniowej do badań nad tekstem. Wybrane tytuły w słoweńskich tekstach popularnonaukowych
Authors: Zatorska Agnieszka
Published: January 2017

The usefulness of semantic and syntax analysis in discourse analysis. Chosen titles in Slovene popular science textsThe article is devoted to chosen titles and subtitles in Slovene-language popular science texts about Slovene history. The data comprise 110 examples taken from the three Slovene popular science books. The analysed phrases have different forms (nouns, adjective-modified nouns, nominalizations). The conducted study is methodologically based on semantic and syntax analysis – the analysis of the ways of realization of the predicate-argument structure on which a given initial para-text is founded – as applied in the context of textual analysis of scientific, and especially popular scientific, discourse. The author of the article investigates the relation between the given title and the content of the corresponding portion of the macro-text. Particularly interesting are titles formed by means of nominalization, that is to say – by means of a transformation of predicate-argument structure. When used as titles, nominalizations confirm their expected semantic and syntax features, such as the capacity for the omission of chosen elements, increased generality and the same time compactness of the message. They also proved fruitful elements of the strategies of macro-text construction based on using appropriate titles. Przydatność analizy semantycznej i składniowej do badań nad tekstem. Wybrane tytuły w słoweńskich tekstach popularnonaukowychArtykuł dotyczy wybranych tytułów rozdziałów i podrozdziałów w książkach popularnonaukowych o historii Słowenii. Materiał obejmuje 110 przykładów z języka słoweńskiego o zróżnicowanej postaci – rzeczowników, rzeczowników modyfikowanych przez przymiotniki, wyrażeń przyimkowych. Podjęte badania wpisują się w analizę semantyczno-składniową, czyli analizę sposobów realizacji potencjalnej struktury predykatowo-argumentowej fundującej dany paratekst inicjalny, w kontekście badań nad tekstem, zwłaszcza w ramach dyskursu naukowego w odmianie popularnonaukowej. Analizie poddano relację między tytułem a opatrzonym przez ten tytuł fragmentem makrotekstu. Szczególnie interesujące okazały się tytuły będące nominalizacjami, czyli transformacjami struktur predykatowo-argumentowych. Frazy o postaci nominalizacji w tytułach potwierdziły standardowe obserwacje semantyczno-składniowe łączone zwykle z transpozycją w nomen (możliwość redukcji wybranych składników, większą ogólność, a zarazem kondensację przekazu). Okazały się także owocne w strategiach budujących makrotekst poprzez użycie odpowiedniego tytułu.
Rec. „Речник на книжовния български език на народна основа от ХVII век (върху текст от Тихонравовия дамаскин)". Гл. ред. Е. И. Дьомина. София: Валентин Траянов, 2012. 1143 стр.
Authors: Мирчева [Mircheva] Елка [Elka]
Published: January 2017

Review: Речник на книжовния български език на народна основа от ХVII век (върху текст от Тихонравовия дамаскин), гл. ред. Е. И. Дьомина, Валентин Траянов, София 2012, 1143 стр.The article is a review of Речник на книжовния български език на народна основа от ХVII век (върху текст от Тихонравовия дамаскин), edited by E. I. Dyomina (Sofia 2012) – a dictionary of 17th-century Bulgarian language, compiled on the basis of the material of the Tikhonravov damaskin.  Rec.: Речник на книжовния български език на народна основа от ХVII век (върху текст от Тихонравовия дамаскин), гл. ред. Е. И. Дьомина, Валентин Траянов, София 2012, 1143 стр.Artykuł stanowi recenzję słownika XVII-wiecznego języka bułgarskiego opartego na tekście Tichonrawowego damaskinu: Речник на книжовния български език на народна основа от ХVII век (върху текст от Тихонравовия дамаскин), red. E. I. Djomina, Sofia 2012.
Rec. Beata Jarosz, „Językowy obraz ŚLUBU", Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin 2014, 266 ss.
Authors: Siatkowska Ewa
Published: January 2017

Review: Beata Jarosz, Językowy obraz ŚLUBU, Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin 2014, 266 pp.The article is a review of Beata Jarosz’s book about the linguistic image of the wedding, entitled Językowy obraz ŚLUBU, Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin 2014. Rec.: Beata Jarosz, Językowy obraz ŚLUBU, Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin 2014, 266 ss.Artykuł stanowi streszczenie pracy Beaty Jarosz Językowy obraz ŚLUBU, Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin 2014.
Rec.: "Sprachliche Säkularisierung. Semantik und Pragmatik", Hrsg. von Alicja Nagórko, Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim–Zürich–New York 2014, 466 S.
Authors: Zielińska Anna
Published: January 2017

Review: Sprachliche Säkularisierung. Semantik und Pragmatik, ed. Alicja Nagórko, Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim–Zürich–New York 2014, 466 pp.The reviewed collective volume falls within the stream of research on the language of religion, yet – unlike theolinguistics, which deals with different varieties of religious texts – the presented studies focus on the use of religious vocabulary in secular contexts. The studies deal with the processes of linguistic secularisation, sociology of religion, and above all – linguistics. The volume consists of twenty-six studies by scholars for Germany, Poland and Slovakia. Rec.: Sprachliche Säkularisierung. Semantik und Pragmatik, Hrsg. von Alicja Nagórko, Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim–Zürich–New York 2014, 466 S.Recenzowana monografia zbiorowa włącza się w nurt badań nad językiem religii, jednak w odróżnieniu od teolingwistyki, która zajmuje się różnymi wariantami tekstów religijnych, prezentowane badania koncentrują się na funkcjonowaniu religijnej leksyki w świeckich dyskursach. Tematyka tomu dotyczy procesów językowej sekularyzacji, badanych z perspektywy różnych dyscyplin humanistycznych: kulturoznawstwa, socjologii religii i przede wszystkim językoznawstwa. Tom składa się z 26 opracowań naukowych uczonych z Niemiec, Polski i Słowacji.
Deminutywność w słowiańskich badaniach słowotwórczych. Sprawozdanie z konferencji Komisji Słowotwórczej przy Międzynarodowym Komitecie Slawistów (Słowenia, Maribor, 25–29 maja 2015)
Authors: Kleszczowa Krystyna , Pastuchowa Magdalena
Published: January 2017

Deminutivity in Slavic word formation studies. Report from the conference of the Word-Formation Committee of the International Committee of Slavists (Slovenia, Maribor, 25–29 May 2015)The article is a report from the 16th International Scientific Conference of the Word-Formation Committee of the International Committee of Slavists, held in Maribor, Slovenia, on 25–29 May 2015. The authors offer a short discussion of each of the presentations, which in this edition of the Conference were devoted to the form and role of diminutives in Slavic languages. Deminutywność w słowiańskich badaniach słowotwórczych. Sprawozdanie z konferencji Komisji Słowotwórczej przy Międzynarodowym Komitecie Slawistów (Słowenia, Maribor, 25–29 maja 2015)Artykuł stanowi sprawozdanie z odbywającej się w dniach 25–29 maja 2015 roku w Mariborze (Słowenia) XVI. Konferencji Komisji Słowotwórczej przy Międzynarodowym Komitecie Slawistów. Autorki omawiają kolejno wystąpienia uczestników, poświęcone w tej edycji formie i roli deminutywów w językach słowiańskich.
Scaling Laws for the Longitudinal Structure Function in the Atmospheric Surface Layer
Authors: Chamecki Marcelo , Dias Nelson L. , Salesky Scott T. , Pan Ying
Published: January 2017

Scaling laws for the longitudinal structure function in the atmospheric surface layer (ASL) are studied using dimensional analysis and matched asymptotics. Theoretical predictions show that the logarithmic scaling for the scales larger than those of the inertial subrange recently proposed for neutral wall-bounded flows also holds for the shear-dominated ASL composed of weakly unstable, neutral, and all stable conditions (as long as continuous turbulence exists). A 2/3 power law is obtained for buoyancy-dominated ASLs. Data from the Advection Horizontal Array Turbulence Study (AHATS) field experiment confirm these scalings, and they also show that the length scale formed by the friction velocity and the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate consistently outperforms the distance from the ground z as the relevant scale in all cases regardless of stability. With this new length scale, the production range of the longitudinal structure function collapses for all measurement heights and stability conditions. A new variable to characterize atmospheric stability emerges from the theory: namely, the ratio between the buoyancy flux and the TKE dissipation rate.