bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcatheter arterial embolization for massive hemobilia with N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) Glubran 2
Authors: Shi Yadong , Chen Liang , Zhao Boxiang , Huang Hao , Lu Zhaoxuan , Su Haobo
Published: February 2021

Background

Massive hemobilia is a life-threatening condition and therapeutic challenge. Few studies have demonstrated the use of N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) for massive hemobilia.

Purpose

To investigate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) using NBCA Glubran 2 for massive hemobilia.

Material and Methods

Between January 2012 and December 2019, the data of 26 patients (mean age 63.4 ± 12.6 years) with massive hemobilia were retrospectively evaluated for TAE using NBCA. The patients’ baseline characteristics, severities of hemobilia, and imaging findings were collected. Emergent TAE was performed using 1:2–1:4 mixtures of NBCA and ethiodized oil. Technical success, clinical success, procedure-related complications, and follow-up outcomes were assessed.

Results

Pre-procedure arteriography demonstrated injuries to the right hepatic artery (n = 24) and cystic artery (n = 2). Initial coil embolization distal to the lesions was required in 5 (19.2%) patients to control high blood flow and prevent end-organ damage. After a mean treatment time of 11.2 ± 5.3 min, technical success was achieved in 100% of the patients without non-target embolization and catheter adhesion. Clinical success was achieved in 25 (96.2%) patients. Major complications were noted in 1 (3.8%) patient with gallbladder necrosis. During a median follow-up time of 16.5 months (range 3–24 months), two patients died due to carcinomas, whereas none of the patients experienced recurrent hemobilia, embolic material migration, or post-embolization complications.

Conclusion

NBCA embolization for massive hemobilia is associated with rapid and effective hemostasis, as well as few major complications. This treatment modality may be a promising alternative to coil embolization.
Clinical efficacy and safety of ultra-short-course chemotherapy in treatment of spinal tuberculosis after complete debridement: an observational study
Authors: Sun Guangwei , Wang Qian , Liang Qiang , Song Xiangwei , Chen Jian , Shi Jiandang , Ma Wenxin , Yuan Hucheng , Jin Weidong , Wang Zili
Published: February 2021

Objective

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of ultra-short-course chemotherapy (<4 months) in treating spinal tuberculosis following complete debridement.

Methods

Clinical data of patients diagnosed with spinal tuberculosis, who underwent surgery with postoperative chemotherapy for < 4 months at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University between January 2005 and March 2015, were retrospectively analysed. Clinical manifestations, American Spinal Injury Association grades, states of bone fusion and lesion healing, deformity correction, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and adverse drug reactions, observed before and after surgery and at the final follow-up, were assessed.

Results

Sixty patients were included, comprising 26 male and 34 female patients aged 16–78 years (mean, 40.85 years). Patients received postoperative chemotherapy for 3–4 months (mean, 3.61 months) and were followed for 25–129 months (mean, 70.61 months). Spinal tuberculosis recurred after surgery in one patient, who was cured by subsequent surgery. At the final follow-up, no symptoms of tuberculosis, local pain, abscess or sinus were observed. Daily life and working abilities were almost recovered in all patients. ESR and CRP levels were restored to normal, bone grafts fused, lesions healed and neurological functions were recovered. Postoperative chemotherapy-induced complications occurred in 10 patients (16.67%).

Conclusions

Complete debridement plus ultra-short-course chemotherapy for 3–4 months may be safe and efficacious in treating spinal tuberculosis, and requires further investigation.
Shell Lesions Associated With Emydomyces testavorans Infection in Freshwater Aquatic Turtles
Authors: Woodburn Daniel B. , Kinsel Michael J. , Poll Caryn P. , Langan Jennifer N. , Haman Katherine , Gamble Kathryn C. , Maddox Carol , Jeon Albert B. , Wellehan James F. X. , Ossiboff Robert J. , Allender Matthew C. , Terio Karen A.
Published: February 2021

A newly described onygenalean fungus, Emydomyces testavorans, has been isolated from ulcerative shell and skin lesions of freshwater aquatic chelonians. To investigate the shell lesions associated with infection and determine if any lesional features were unique to E. testavorans, tissues from turtles housed in zoological institutions ( n = 45) in the United States and free-living turtles ( n = 5) submitted for diagnostic biopsy or necropsy were examined. Free-living turtles were from geographically distinct habitats in Florida ( n = 1) and Washington ( n = 4) at the time of sampling. Histologic shell sections were evaluated for the presence or absence of specific lesional features. Infection with E. testavorans was evaluated in all cases by screening GMS (Grocott-Gomori’s methenamine silver)-stained histologic sections for the presence of morphologically consistent fungi and by quantitative PCR (polymerase chain reaction) on representative frozen tissue or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. Additionally, culture was performed for 15 cases with available fresh/frozen tissue. In total, there were 17 PCR-confirmed E. testavorans cases, 29 cases with morphologically consistent fungi on GMS-stained sections, and 21 cases of shell lesions without histologic or molecular evidence of E. testavorans infection. Epithelial inclusion cysts, defined as cystic structures within the dermis lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and containing necrotic bone and keratin debris, were significantly ( P < .01) associated with E. testavorans infection. Other significantly associated shell lesions included squamous metaplasia, hyperkeratosis, inflammation, and osteonecrosis ( P < .05). This study identified characteristic shell lesions associated with E. testavorans infection. Further studies to prove causality are needed.
Mandatory First Impressions: Happy Expressions Increase Trustworthiness Ratings of Subsequent Neutral Images
Authors: Thierry S. M. , Twele A. C. , Mondloch C. J.
Published: February 2021

First impressions of traits are formed rapidly and nonconsciously, suggesting an automatic process. We examined whether first impressions of trustworthiness are mandatory, another component of automaticity in face processing. In Experiment 1a, participants rated faces displaying subtle happy, subtle angry, and neutral expressions on trustworthiness. Happy faces were rated as more trustworthy than neutral faces; angry faces were rated as less trustworthy. In Experiment 1b, participants learned eight identities, half showing subtle happy and half showing subtle angry expressions. They then rated neutral images of these same identities (plus four novel neutral faces) on trustworthiness. Multilevel modeling analyses showed that identities previously shown with subtle expressions of happiness were rated as more trustworthy than novel identities. There was no effect of previously seen subtle angry expressions on ratings of trustworthiness. Mandatory first impressions based on subtle facial expressions were also reflected in two ratings designed to assess real-world outcomes. Participants indicated that they were more likely to vote for identities that had posed happy expressions and more likely to loan them money. These findings demonstrate that first impressions of trustworthiness based on previously seen subtle happy, but not angry, expressions are mandatory and are likely to have behavioral consequences.
The Queer Art of Failed IR?
Authors: Barkin J. Samuel , Sjoberg Laura
Published: February 2021

What is missing from the debate about the “end of IR theory” or the rejection of the now infamous “isms”? Queer theory. Those who declare that IR theory is over and those who see it as making a comeback; those who reject the “isms” and those who champion them seem like they are on opposite sides of a very wide spectrum. This article argues, however, that all is not as it seems. Instead, the various “sides” of the debates about the futures of IR all take for granted a common set of understandings of what research is, what research success is, that research success is valuable, and how those things predict the futures of IR. Their only significant disagreement is about how they see the story unfolding. We disagree on the result as well, but the root of our disagreement is in the terms of the debates. We see IR as failing in two ways: failing to find a self-satisfactory grand narrative and failing to achieve its necessarily impossible goals. The current state-of-the-field literature fights the failing of IR theory—even those who see it as over memorialize its successes. We argue that failure is not to be fought but to be celebrated and actively participated in. Analyzing IR’s failures using queer methodology and queer analysis, we argue that recognizing IR’s failure can revive IR as an enterprise.
The Utility of Physiological Measures in Assessing the Empathic Skills of Incarcerated Violent Offenders
Authors: Palix Julie , Abu-Akel Ahmad , Moulin Valérie , Abbiati Milena , Gasser Jacques , Hasler Christopher , Marcot Dominique , Mohr Christine , Dan-Glauser Elise
Published: February 2021

Since lack of empathy is an important indicator of violent behaviors, researchers need consistent and valid measures. This study evaluated the practical significance of a potential physiological correlate of empathy compared to a traditional self-report questionnaire in 18 male violent offenders and 21 general population controls. Empathy skills were assessed with the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) questionnaire. Heart-Rate Variability (HRV) was assessed with an electrocardiogram. The RMSSD (Root Mean Square of the Successive beat-to-beat Differences), an HRV index implicated in social cognition, was calculated. There were no group differences in IRI scores. However, RMSSD was lower in the offender group. Positive correlations between RMSSD and IRI subscales were found for controls only. We conclude that psychometric measures of empathy do not discriminate incarcerated violent offenders, and that the incorporation of psychophysiological measures, such as HRV, could be an avenue for forensic research on empathy to establish translatable evidence-based information.
The victimizing effect of violent socialization: Intimate partner use of coercive sexual practices transnationally
Authors: Delaney Aimée X.
Published: February 2021

Research seems to focus more on examining predictors of sexual victimization rather than violent experiences predicting coercive sexual behaviors. Little research explores victim to offender associations. The present study expands current literature by exploring transnational differences in which coercive sexual behaviors manifest from childhood violence experiences. Do experiences of violence during childhood impact the use of coercive sexual behaviors? Multilevel modeling regression analysis, used on data from the International Dating Violence Study, reveal several interesting findings: (1) violent socialization from families is associated with coercive sexual behavior, (2) violent socialization from the community is associated with coercive sexual behavior, and (3) nations where violent socialization is more prevalent, the average level of coercive sexual behaviors tends to increase. Identifying predictive processes for sexual coercion is important. Sexual coercion may be represented in subtle day to day interactions that over time instill a sense of violence normality and further perpetuate victimization.
Anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies for migraine prevention: A systematic review and likelihood to help or harm analysis
Authors: Drellia Konstantina , Kokoti Lili , Deligianni Christina I , Papadopoulos Dimitrios , Mitsikostas Dimos D
Published: February 2021

Introduction and objective

Monoclonal antibodies targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide pathway (anti-CGRP mAbs) have shown promising efficacy in randomised clinical trials for the prevention of episodic and chronic migraine, but no head-to-head comparisons with established treatments are available. We aimed to examine absolute differences in benefit-risk ratios between anti-CGRP mAbs, topiramate and propranolol for the prevention of episodic migraine and between anti-CGRP mAbs, topiramate and onabotulinumtoxinA for the prevention of chronic migraine using a likelihood to help versus harm analysis.

Methods

The number of patients needed to be treated for a patient to achieve ≥ 50% reduction in migraine days (NNTB50%) was used as an effect size metric of efficacy. The number of patients needed to be treated for a patient to experience an adverse event that led to treatment discontinuation (NNTHD-AE) was used as a measure of risk. Likelihood to help versus harm values – which are the ratios of NNTH:NNTB – were calculated using data from phase 3 randomised clinical trials.

Results

All agents tested were more likely to be beneficial than harmful (likelihood to help versus harm > 1) with the exception of topiramate at 200 mg per day for the prevention of episodic migraine. Anti-CGRP mAbs in all tested doses had higher LHH values than propranolol or topiramate for episodic migraine and onabotulinumtoxinA or topiramate for chronic migraine prevention. Fremanezumab had the highest LHH ratio in episodic migraine and galcanezumab in chronic migraine.

Conclusion

This analysis showed that anti-CGRP mAbs exhibit a more favourable benefit-risk ratio than established treatments for episodic and chronic migraine. Head-to-head studies are needed to confirm these results.
Sidewalk Static Obstructions and Their Impact on Clear Width
Authors: Coppola Nicholas A. , Marshall Wesley E.
Published: February 2021

Data on sidewalks have long been deficient. But advances in remote sensing are beginning to increase data prevalence and accuracy. These sidewalk datasets rarely, if ever, account for static obstructions in the sidewalk such as signs, street furniture, or trees. This paper seeks to determine how much of a difference accounting for static obstructions will make when measuring the clear width of sidewalks. We extracted the minimum width of sidewalk surfaces—both with and without accounting for static obstructions—for the entirety of Cambridge, MA, using new GIS methods described in this paper. We then compared these results against Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards for clear width as well as national and federal sidewalk guidelines. The results suggest a significant decrease in the average clear width of sidewalks when accounting for static obstructions. More specifically, the clear width of the average sidewalk drops from 4.5 ft (1.4 m) to 3.5 ft (1.1 m). The percentage of sidewalk segments meeting the 3-ft ADA standard drops from 78% to 51% when accounting for static obstructions. For the proposed 4-ft (1.2-m) ADA standard, it plunges from 59% of sidewalk segments meeting the width threshold to 31%. These results demonstrate that not accounting for static obstructions could lead to a gross overestimation of seemingly adequate sidewalks and an unrealistic assessment of sidewalk infrastructure and pedestrian accessibility.
Meniscal Deficiency Period and High Body Mass Index Are Preoperative Risk Factors for Joint Space Narrowing After Meniscal Allograft Transplantation
Authors: Lee Sang-Min , Bin Seong-Il , Kim Jong-Min , Lee Bum-Sik , Suh Kuen Tak , Park Jun-Gu
Published: February 2021

Background:

Several studies have reported further reduction in joint space width (JSW) after meniscal allograft transplantation; some contributing postoperative factors are known, although preoperative factors remain unclear. This study is the first to analyze the preoperative risk factors for reduced JSW in patients after lateral meniscal allograft transplantation (LMAT).

Hypothesis:

Poor cartilage status and high preoperative body mass index (BMI) influence the postoperative progression of joint space narrowing.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We retrospectively studied 79 patients after LMAT who were observed for at least 5 years. JSWs on weightbearing flexion posteroanterior radiographs were measured preoperatively and at the 5-year mark. Differences in JSW were divided into more progression and less progression groups. The modified Outerbridge cartilage grades based on magnetic resonance imaging assessments were compared at subtotal/total meniscectomy and at LMAT to determine the difference between time points. Preoperative between-group differences in sex, age, surgical side, follow-up period, weight, height, BMI, and meniscal deficiency period were analyzed. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Lysholm score. Data were examined using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions.

Results:

Radiographically, the overall change in JSW from preoperative to follow-up was 0.58 mm (range, –0.23 to 1.83 mm). Reductions in JSW in the more progression and less progression groups were 0.94 ± 0.32 and 0.22 ± 0.21 mm (mean ± SD), respectively. There was no difference in cartilage status between the groups at meniscectomy or LMAT; however, changes between time points were significant on the lateral femoral condyle and lateral tibial plateau. Clinically, there were significant differences in weight, BMI, and meniscal deficiency period between the 2 groups. Postoperative Lysholm scores increased as compared with the preoperative scores, but there was no difference among the postoperative time points. In the univariate logistic regression risk analysis, weight, BMI, meniscal deficiency period, and the difference in cartilage status between time points for the lateral femoral condyle and lateral tibial plateau were identified as significant. In the subsequent multivariate logistic regression, BMI (odds ratio, 1.45; P = .016) and meniscal deficiency period (odds ratio, 1.21; P = .037) were the statistically significant factors.

Conclusion:

BMI and meniscal deficiency period were preoperative risk factors for JSW narrowing after LMAT. This suggests that the meniscal deficiency period from meniscectomy to LMAT may be shortened and that proper weight management can lead to successful LMAT.
Achievement of Meaningful Clinical Outcomes Is Unaffected by Capsulotomy Type During Arthroscopic Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: Results From the Multicenter Arthroscopic Study of the Hip (MASH) Study Group
Authors: Parvaresh Kevin , Rasio Jonathan P. , Martin RobRoy L. , Kivlan Benjamin R. , Carreira Dominic , Christoforetti John J. , Harris Joshua D. , Matsuda Dean K. , Salvo John , Wolff Andrew B. , Nho Shane J.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Capsule management has emerged as an important topic in the field of hip arthroscopy. The 2 most popular techniques are interportal capsulotomy and T-type capsulotomy, but few studies have compared outcomes between these 2 techniques.

Purpose:

To compare 2-year (±2 months) patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between patients who underwent interportal versus T-type capsulotomy during arthroscopic labral repair for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS).

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective review of a large multicenter registry of patients undergoing arthroscopic hip preservation surgery for FAIS was performed. Data from 9 surgeons across 9 sites between January 2014 and February 2018 were included in the study. Baseline demographic data, preoperative PROs, and minimum 2-year postoperative PROs including Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), HOS–Sports Subscale (HOS-SS), modified Harris Hip Score, and International Hip Outcome Tool–12 (iHOT-12) were recorded. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on whether interportal or T-type capsulotomy was performed according to the senior surgeon’s preference and training, and all capsulotomies were then routinely repaired. The 2 groups were matched 1:1 by age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Achievement of minimal clinically important difference (MCID), Patient Acceptable Symptomatic State (PASS), and substantial clinical benefit (SCB) was compared for the HOS-ADL, HOS-SS, and iHOT-12 between the 2 groups.

Results:

The final analysis included 658 of 1483 eligible patients with a mean ± SD age of 32.6 ± 11.6 years and BMI of 24.0 ± 3.7; of these, 329 patients were treated via interportal capsulotomy, and 329 patients were treated via T-type capsulotomy. Female patients comprised 66.3% of the study population. Capsulotomy type was not a predictor of 2-year postoperative PROs on multivariate linear regression analysis when adjusted for covariates. Chi-square analysis showed no statistical difference in achievement of MCID, PASS, and SCB between the interportal and T-type groups for HOS-ADL (80.3%, 75.8%, 52.7% and 77.1%, 71.7%, 53.6%, respectively; P > .01 for all), HOS-SS (83.6%, 72.5%, 51.5% and 81.7%, 68.4%, 49.2%, respectively; P > .01 for all), and iHOT-12 (87.5%, 72.0%, 50.5% and 80.0%, 64.7%, 45.6%, respectively; P > .01 for all).

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic management of FAIS resulted in significant clinical improvement that was independent of capsulotomy type when the capsulotomy included repair.
Forces at the Anterior Meniscus Attachments Strongly Increase Under Dynamic Knee Joint Loading
Authors: Seitz Andreas Martin , Schall Florian , Hacker Steffen Paul , van Drongelen Stefan , Wolf Sebastian , Dürselen Lutz
Published: February 2021

Background:

The anatomic appearance and biomechanical and clinical importance of the anterior meniscus roots are well described. However, little is known about the loads that act on these attachment structures under physiological joint loads and movements.

Hypotheses:

As compared with uniaxial loading conditions under static knee flexion angles or at very low flexion-extension speeds, more realistic continuous movement simulations in combination with physiological muscle force simulations lead to significantly higher anterior meniscus attachment forces. This increase is even more pronounced in combination with a longitudinal meniscal tear or after total medial meniscectomy.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A validated Oxford Rig–like knee simulator was used to perform a slow squat, a fast squat, and jump landing maneuvers on 9 cadaveric human knee joints, with and without muscle force simulation. The strains in the anterior medial and lateral meniscal periphery and the respective attachments were determined in 3 states: intact meniscus, medial longitudinal tear, and total medial meniscectomy. To determine the attachment forces, a subsequent in situ tensile test was performed.

Results:

Muscle force simulation resulted in a significant strain increase at the anterior meniscus attachments of up to 308% ( P < .038) and the anterior meniscal periphery of up to 276%. This corresponded to significantly increased forces ( P < .038) acting in the anteromedial attachment with a maximum force of 140 N, as determined during the jump landing simulation. Meniscus attachment strains and forces were significantly influenced ( P = .008) by the longitudinal tear and meniscectomy during the drop jump simulation.

Conclusion:

Medial and lateral anterior meniscus attachment strains and forces were significantly increased with physiological muscle force simulation, corroborating our hypothesis. Therefore, in vitro tests applying uniaxial loads combined with static knee flexion angles or very low flexion-extension speeds appear to underestimate meniscus attachment forces.

Clinical Relevance:

The data of the present study might help to optimize the anchoring of meniscal allografts and artificial meniscal substitutes to the tibial plateau. Furthermore, this is the first in vitro study to indicate reasonable minimum stability requirements regarding the reattachment of torn anterior meniscus roots.
Effects of tocilizumab versus hemoadsorption combined with tocilizumab in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: Preliminary results
Authors: Berlot Giorgio , Pintacuda Stefania , Moro Edoardo , Paluzzano Giacomo , Scamperle Alice , Chillemi Antonino , Longo Irene , Dattola Roberto , Roman-Pognuz Erik , Tomasini Ariella
Published: February 2021

Objective:

To assess the variations of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection treated with Tocilizumab (TCZ) alone or in association with hemoadsorption (HA).

Design:

Retrospective.

Setting:

An Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admitting mechanically ventilated patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.

Patients:

Four adult patients.

Interventions:

We compared the blood values of IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP) and of other biochemical variables including the PaO2/FiO2 in two patients who received TCZ alone and in other 2 in whom it was associated with the HA (TCZ-HA) due to the presence of impending or established organ failures other than the lung. All variables were measured before, during and after the treatment.

Main results:

In all patients, the IL-6 increased during the treatment; after its termination, its values sharply decreased only in those treated also with HA; conversely, the CRP decreased in all patients; the PaO2/FiO2 increased in three patients and remained stable in the remaining one. Both the TCZ and the HA were well tolerated; all patients were weaned from the mechanical ventilation and discharged from the hospital.

Limitations:

Although the limited number of patients does not allow to draw firm conclusions, the increase of the IL-6 of can be ascribed to its displacement from cellular and soluble receptors, whereas its decrease is likely due to the scavenging effect exerted by the HA. Although the association TCZ-HA could be valuable in the treatment of the Cytokine Release Storm (CRS) associated with the SARS-CoV-2, the HA could be more effective as it neutralizes a wider panel of inflammatory mediators.
Nephron sparing surgery for the treatment of renal masses: A single center experience
Authors: Zazzara Michele , Carando Roberto , Nazaraj Arjan , Scarcia Marcello , Romano Michele , Ludovico Giuseppe Mario
Published: February 2021

Background:

Nowadays, the partial nephrectomy (PN) not only is considered oncological equivalent to radical nephrectomy as renal tumor’s treatment, but has also give benefits in quality of life and overall survival of patients.

Objectives:

The primary objective of the present study was to report our single center experience with NSS, predominantly performed by a robot assisted access, in a high-volume center with large experience with minimally invasive surgery.

Methods:

Between June 2018 and January 2020, a consecutive series of 109 patients (pts) with a renal mass suspicious of renal cell carcinoma, feasible of NSS, detected by ultrasound and abdominal computed tomography (CT), underwent NSS and they were included in a prospectively maintained institutional database. Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics, perioperative and postoperative parameters, pathological data were recorded.

Results:

The mean clinical maximum CT tumor diameter was 37.3 ± 19.6 mm (median 31.5 mm; interquartile range 25–45 mm). PADUA risk was low in 54 pts (49.5%), intermediate in 48 pts (44.0%), high in seven pts (6.4%). The clinical T stage was mostly pT1a (70.6%). NSS was performed by open surgery in nine pts (8.3%), laparoscopy in one pts (0.9%) and was robot assisted in 99 pts (90.8%). A simple enucleation was performed in 67 pts (61.5%), an enucleoresection was performed in 37 pts (33.9%) and a partial nephrectomy was performed in five pts (4.6%). Warm ischemia was performed in 41 pts (37.6%), with a mean warm ischemia time of 5.1 ± 7.1 min. The mean pathological maximum tumor diameter was 35.5 ± 21.7 mm (median 30 mm; interquartile range 22–40 mm). Overall PSM rate was 11.9% (13 pts). In 78% of cases no complication was recorded. No major complications (grade III-IV-V) were noted.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that NSS is a safe, reproducible and minimally invasive approach as treatment of small renal masses. NSS permits to achieve a fine oncological management without any worsening of renal function.
Unexpected hematologic malignancies after prostatectomy: Case report and literature review
Authors: Karademir Barış , Kısa Erdem , Özbilen Mert Hamza , Bildirici Çağdaş , Karabacakoğlu Burak , Süelözgen Tufan , İlbey Yusuf Özlem , Küçük Ülkü , Olgun Aybüke
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

Voiding symptoms, storage symptoms and post-voiding symptoms together constitute lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in adults. The most common finding is lymphadenomegaly. Although infrequent, extranodal sites of involvement such as prostate can be detected. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a subtype of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Extranodal involvement findings such as prostate may be observed. In this case report, we will present a case in which we performed an open suprapubic prostatectomy (Freyer’s) and had CLL as a result of pathology, and a case whose pathology was MCL after transurethral resection of the prostate.

Case 1:

A 60-year-old male patient with LUTS for 6 years. Open suprapubic prostatectomy (Freyer’s) was performed on the patient. The pathology result of the prostatectomy material was compatible with CLL involvement.

Case 2:

A 62-year-old male patient with LUTS for 4 years. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P) was performed on the patient. The pathology result of the prostate was compatible with MCL involvement.

Discussion and Conclusion:

There are limited number of cases have been reported about CLL pathology after prostatectomy due to benign prostatic obstruction (BPO). There is no study indicating how often CLL pathology is seen after open prostatectomy or TUR-P due to BPO. In patients with CLL pathology after RRP, open prostatectomy, TUR-P, the need for additional surgery, the difference in prognosis or the difference between the treatment have not been shown in the studies. It should be kept in mind that patients with leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, cytopenias, and LUTS in their clinical presentation and who have not yet been diagnosed with CLL and other hematological malignancies such as mantle cell lymphoma may also have prostate gland involvement and can be diagnosed incidentally by any prostatic intervention.
Understanding Components of Duration of Untreated Psychosis and Relevance for Early Intervention Services in the Canadian Context: Comprendre les Composantes de la Durée de la Psychose Non Traitée et la Pertinence de Services D’intervention Précoce Dans le Contexte Canadien
Authors: Malla Ashok , Dama Manish , Iyer Srividya , Joober Ridha , Schmitz Norbert , Shah Jai , Issaoui Mansour Bilal , Lepage Martin , Norman Ross
Published: February 2021

Background:

Clinical, functional, and cost-effectiveness outcomes from early intervention services (EIS) for psychosis are significantly associated with the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) for the patients they serve. However, most EIS patients continue to report long DUP, while a reduction of DUP may improve outcomes. An understanding of different components of DUP and the factors associated with them may assist in targeting interventions toward specific sources of DUP.

Objectives:

To examine the components of DUP and their respective determinants in order to inform strategies for reducing delay in treatment in the context of an EIS.

Methods:

Help-seeking (DUP-H), Referral (DUP-R), and Administrative (DUP-A) components of DUP, pathways to care, and patient characteristics were assessed in first episode psychosis ( N = 532) patients entering an EIS that focuses on systemic interventions to promote rapid access. Determinants of each component were identified in the present sample using multivariate analyses.

Results:

DUP-H (mean 25.64 ± 59.00) was longer than DUP-R (mean = 14.95 ± 45.67) and DUP-A (mean 1.48 ± 2.55). Multivariate analyses showed that DUP-H is modestly influenced by patient characteristics (diagnosis and premorbid adjustment; R 2 = 0.12) and DUP-R by a combination of personal characteristics (age of onset and education) and systemic factors (first health services contact and final source of referral; R 2 = 0.21). Comorbid substance abuse and referral from hospital emergency services have a modest influence on DUP-A ( R 2 = 0.08). Patients with health care contact prior to onset of psychosis had a shorter DUP-H and DUP-R than those whose first contact was after psychosis onset (F(1, 498) = 4.85, P < 0.03 and F(1, 492) = 3.34, P < 0.07).

Conclusions:

Although much of the variance in DUP is unexplained, especially for help-seeking component, the systemic portion of DUP may be partially determined by relatively malleable factors. Interventions directed at altering pathways to care and promote rapid access may be important targets for reducing DUP. Simplifying administrative procedures may further assist in reducing DUP.
SWAN platform: A web-based tool to support the development of industrial solid waste reuse business models
Authors: Angelis-Dimakis Athanasios , Arampatzis George , Pieri Tryfonas , Solomou Konstantina , Dedousis Panagiotis , Apostolopoulos George
Published: February 2021

The SWAN platform is an integrated suite of online resources and tools for assessing industrial symbiotic opportunities based on solid industrial waste reuse. It has been developed as a digital solid waste reuse platform and is already applied in four countries (Greece, Bulgaria, Albania and Cyprus). The SWAN platform integrates a database with the spatial and technical characteristics of industrial solid waste producers and potential consumers, populated with data from these countries. It also incorporates an inventory of commercially implemented best practices on solid industrial waste reuse. The role of the SWAN platform is to facilitate the development of novel business cases. Towards this end, decision support services, based on a suitable matching algorithm, are provided to the registered users, helping them to identify and assess potential novel business models, based on solid waste reuse, either for an individual industrial unit (source/potential receiver of solid waste) or a specific region.
Facilitating Emergency Remote K-12 Teaching in Computing-Enhanced Virtual Learning Environments During COVID-19 Pandemic - Blessing or Curse?
Authors: Shamir-Inbal Tamar , Blau Ina
Published: February 2021

This study explored teacher experience in leading Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) in K-12 and conducting blended synchronous and asynchronous instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study’s purpose was to understand the pedagogical, technological, and organizational challenges and benefits of computing-enhanced digital learning environments, and to explore teachers' pedagogical strategies. This study employed a qualitative research paradigm using nation-wide, online samples, which included 133 elementary and secondary school teachers from Hebrew-speaking and Arabic-speaking schools in Israel. Participants were asked to share their perspectives and experiences of ERT through open-ended questions in an online questionnaire. The bottom-up analysis of the data, based on the Grounded Theory approach, yielded 1,822 statements reflecting teachers' perceptions of pedagogical, technological, and organizational challenges (N = 580) and benefits of ERT (N = 827). The analysis also revealed a variety of pedagogical distance learning strategies used by teachers (N = 415). The study raises the need to turn a curse into a blessing by incorporating the experience of remote technology-enhanced learning and online activities into the school agenda on a regular basis. Thus, teachers and students would develop important digital competencies and be prepared for the next emergency event. The implications of our findings for educational theory and practice of educational computing are discussed.
The Impact of Immersive Virtual Reality on EFL Learners’ Listening Comprehension
Authors: Tai Tzu-Yu , Chen Howard Hao-Jan
Published: February 2021

Virtual reality via mobile-rendered head-mounted displays (MVR) has emerged as a valuable language learning tool. However, research has yet to fully access its effects on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) listening. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of MVR on EFL learners’ listening comprehension. Seventy-two seventh graders in Taiwan were recruited and randomly assigned to an experimental (MVR player) or control (video watcher) group. The MVR players played the language learning VR app Mondly, using a mobile-rendered head-mounted display. The video watchers watched a walkthrough video of Mondly on a PC screen. Listening comprehension tests, a presence questionnaire and interviews were used to evaluate the participants’ listening comprehension, sense of presence, and perception of MVR-assisted EFL listening. The results showed the MVR players’ listening comprehension and retention was significantly higher than the video watchers’. The interviews revealed that the majority of the MVR players found MVR-assisted EFL listening engaging and beneficial. MVR offered learners access to simulated, interactive, and immersive virtual environments to perform authentic learning activities, helping them activate prior knowledge and make appropriate inferences. Furthermore, virtual presence in MVR brought learner involvement from the fringe to the center, prevented cognitive overload, reduced anxiety, and thus aided comprehension.
Information Measures of Knowledge Contribution: A New Method to Measure Knowledge Contribution in Collaborative Knowledge Building: An Information Theory Perspective
Authors: Wu Linjing , Li Jing , Liu Qingtang , He Liming , Yang Weiqing , Zhang Yaosheng , Cheng Yun
Published: February 2021

The measurement of knowledge contribution in collaborative knowledge building is an important research topic in computer-supported collaborative learning. The information measures of knowledge contribution based on information theory are proposed in this study, which includes two measures: amount of information and information gain. Discourse data collected from a collaborative knowledge building activity were analyzed to validate these measures. The results showed that our information measures can complement the traditional behavioral. With the help of the two measures, community-level variation tendency and individual-level knowledge contribution characteristics could be analyzed in collaborative knowledge building activities. A log function was used to fit the community knowledge variation tendency to measure the convergence of knowledge building. Students were clustered into five types according to their behaviors and contributions in collaborative knowledge building. Both teachers and researchers can benefit from these two information measures by using them in practice.
Informal Adult Learning: Advertisements in Women’s Magazines in Turkey
Authors: Gür Faik , Seggie Fatma Nevra , Başgürboğa Gülşah Kısabacak
Published: February 2021

This study examines the visual and verbal content of advertisements in women’s magazines published between 1980 and 1990 in Turkey. Based on content analysis, we established the categories of products and services, age, body parts, women’s roles, clothes, and locations. We determined the five most frequent words employed in all grammatical or lexical forms: beautiful (güzel), to live (yaşamak), new (yeni), skin (cilt), and young (genç). By examining the data through informal learning, the study looks at how consumer-oriented values were taught informally to women readers during a period when Turkey underwent integration with the neoliberal global economy. We argue that the advertisements in women’s magazines were effective both in terms of disseminating the dominant values of the era and in causing women to informally internalize the consumer-oriented values required for the development of the desired female subjectivities of an emerging neoliberal society.
Recruitment of Healthcare Providers into Research Studies
Authors: Bruneau Jill , Moralejo Donna , Donovan Catherine , Parsons Karen
Published: February 2021

Recruitment of a sufficient number of healthcare providers (HCPs), such as nurses and nurse practitioners (NPs), as participants is essential to generate high quality research to address issues significant for clinical practice. Often the recruitment process reported in research studies is very brief and does not capture the reality of the challenges of obtaining an adequate sample. This manuscript describes the challenges that we experienced in trying to recruit a sufficient number of HCPs, specifically NPs, into a randomized controlled trial. Based on our experience, as well as a review of the literature on recruiting HCPs, we share recommendations for researchers trying to recruit busy professionals as participants. Key findings were not just about reaching the target participants, but actually using strategies to stimulate their interest and persuading them to be involved from the beginning. Important things to consider for successful recruitment are making an effort to meet with professionals face-to-face and building relationships with administrators and other staff within organizations. Other lessons learned were to ensure to allot extra time for recruitment to allow for unanticipated challenges and to utilize multimodal strategies simultaneously to ensure a more timely execution of the recruitment process.
Alternative radiopacifiers for polymethyl methacrylate bone cements: Silane-treated anatase titanium dioxide and yttria-stabilised zirconium dioxide
Authors: Ayre Wayne Nishio , Scully Nicole , Elford Carole , Evans Bronwen AJ , Rowe Wendy , Rowlands Jeff , Mitha Ravi , Malpas Paul , Manti Panagiota , Holt Cathy , Morgan-Jones Rhidian , Birchall James C , Denyer Stephen P , Evans Sam L
Published: February 2021

Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is widely used for anchoring joint arthroplasties. In cement brands approved for these procedures, micron-sized particles (usually barium sulphate, BaSO4) act as the radiopacifier. It has been postulated that these particles act as sites for crack initiation and subsequently cement fatigue. This study investigated whether alternative radiopacifiers, anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) and yttria-stabilised zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), could improve the in vitro mechanical, fatigue crack propagation and biological properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement and whether their coating with a silane could further enhance cement performance. Cement samples containing 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%w/w TiO2 or ZrO2 and 10%w/w silane-treated TiO2 or ZrO2 were prepared and characterised in vitro in terms of radiopacity, compressive and bending strength, bending modulus, fatigue crack propagation, hydroxyapatite forming ability and MC3T3-E1 cell attachment and viability. Cement samples with greater than 10%w/w TiO2 and ZrO2 had a similar radiopacity to the control 10%w/w BaSO4 cement and commercial products. The addition of TiO2 and ZrO2 to bone cement reduced the bending strength and fracture toughness and increased fatigue crack propagation due to the formation of agglomerations and voids. Silane treating TiO2 reversed this effect, enhancing the dispersion and adhesion of particles to the PMMA matrix and resulted in improved mechanical properties and fatigue crack propagation resistance. Silane-treated TiO2 cements had increased nucleation of hydroxyapatite and MC3T3-E1 cell attachment in vitro, without significantly compromising cell viability. This research has demonstrated that 10%w/w silane-treated anatase TiO2 is a promising alternative radiopacifier for PMMA bone cement offering additional benefits over conventional BaSO4 radiopacifiers.
Preparation and evaluation of an injectable curcumin loaded chitosan/hydroxyapatite cement
Authors: Wu Feipeng , Zhao Hongxia , Shi Jiahui , Long Lang , Yang Zhiqiang , Jin Hua , Hou Xuedan
Published: February 2021

Curcumin (Cur) is an active ingredient of Curcuma longa. Cur has many pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anticoagulation, hypolipidemic, anti-angiogenesis and anti-cancer. An injectable curcumin loaded chitosan/hydroxyapatite bone cement (Cur-CS/HA) was prepared as a bone scaffold and drug delivery. Tween 20, a nonionic surfactant, was incorporated into the cement to improve the solubility of curcumin. Four types of Cur-CS/HA (Group0, Group1, Group5 and Group10) were prepared with different Tween 20 ratios (0, 1, 5 and 10%, respectively). The samples were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Compression tests were carried out to evaluate the strength of the scaffolds. In addition, the inhibition assay was carried out on MG63 cells with the extracts of drug loaded materials. The results showed that Cur had an effect on the setting time (p < 0.05). Cur reduced the compressive strength of the CS/HA cement (p < 0.05). The release studies showed that Tween 20 could effectively improve the solubility of curcumin. When the Tween 20 content in cement increased from 0 to 10%, the cumulative release (30 d) of Cur increased from 5.5 to 10.6%. Moreover, the cement had good injectability, good anti-collapsibility and good biocompatibility to meet the clinical requirements. The result of inhibition assay showed that Cur-CS/HA could inhibit the proliferation of MG63 cells. Tween 20 incorporated Cur-CS/HA had great potential to use as a drug-loaded artificial bone material.
COVID-19: Are Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors for Its Severity?
Authors: Bello Bashir , Useh Ushotanefe
Published: February 2021

Objective:

To identify and describe the mechanisms of lifestyle characteristics—obesity, DM, hypertension and physical inactivity—that may lead to the severity of illness among individuals with COVID-19.

Data Source:

A scoping review was conducted by searching electronic databases of PubMed and Scopus from December 2019 to August 2020.

Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria:

inclusion criteria were studies that explicitly describe the mechanism of COVID—19 in relationship with either hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM), obesity and/or physical inactivity. Studies of epidemiological background, descriptive surveys and interventional studies were excluded.

Data Extraction:

study characteristics were tabulated according to purpose, type of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), the hypothesis on the mechanism of infestation (MOI) and conclusion.

Data Synthesis:

NCDs were categorized according to type and hypothesis on mechanisms of infestation. The interplay between COVID—19, type of NCDs and MOI leading to the severity of the disease was appraised.

Results:

Twenty-four (24) studies were identified from 357 unique records. Eight studies postulated the mechanism of infestation and interaction between COVID 19 illness severity and Obesity, while 7 studies described COVID—19 and DM. Five studies highlighted the interaction between COVID—19 and hypertension with 4 studies showing how physical activity restriction suppresses immunity.

Conclusion:

The current review, identified and explicitly described the mechanisms of the lifestyle characteristics that may increase the severity of illness among people with COVID-19.