bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accidental Involvement in Simulation Gaming
Authors: Saunders Danny
Published: March 2007

Three stages of personal involvement in simulation gaming are outlined First is accidental involvement, associated with a particular teaching need. Second is strategic involvement, where simulation and gaming activity is recognized as valid research by such initiatives as the Enterprise in Higher Education Programme within the United Kingdom. Third is devolvement, where simulation and games are recognized as a part of a much wider range of educational development projects and methods.
Learning the Theory of Constraints with a Simulation Game
Authors: Chakravorty Satya S. , Verhoeven Penelope R.
Published: March 2007

This article describes the theory of constraints, an approach for enacting a process of continuous improvement that focuses on the factors that limit a system's performance. A user-friendly simulation game to teach the theory of constraints is discussed. The authors think that practicing managers as well as students of management can benefit from the theory as a useful conceptual framework for improving business performance and can benefit from interaction with the simulation game to reinforce the theory's principles. The game has been played by practitioners and academics at conferences sponsored by the Avraham Y. Goldratt Institute and has served as an active learning tool for students in graduate and undergraduate operations management classes.
Developing a Scientific Knowledge of Simulation/Gaming
Authors: Wolfe Joseph , Crookall David
Published: March 2007

This article first speculates on why such little progress has been made regarding the effective application of educational simulation/games. It suggests that the field's eclectic foundation has been a virtue for its development but a vice regarding its rigorous assessment. The article then outlines the antecedents for generating a practical and cumulative body of literature, concluding with a number of recommendations as to how the field might accelerate the rate at which its literature accumulates.
Look at Me When You Say That: An Electronic Negotiation Simulation
Authors: Croson Rachel T. A.
Published: March 2007

This article extends the growing body of research on computer-mediated communication to a negotiations setting. The author compares face-to-face negotiation outcomes with computermediated negotiation outcomes using an integrative (win-win) negotiation. There were two main results of interest. First, computer-mediated final agreements are somewhat more integrative than those negotiated face-to-face, suggesting there is no efficiency loss from negotiating long distance using information technology. Second, computer-mediated agreements tend to be significantly more equal than face-to-face agreements.
An Internet-Mediated Business Simulation: Developing and Using TRECS
Authors: Parker Craig M. , Swatman Paula M. C.
Published: March 2007

Electronic commerce (eCommerce) is the conduct of business by electronic means (which includes the Internet) and is rapidly becoming a competitive necessity rather than just a business opportunity for organizations worldwide. It is therefore essential that university students and business professionals be given the opportunity to learn about and experiment with eCommerce solutions that can be exploited by organizations. This article discusses the design, development, and use of an Internet-mediated, international business simulation called Teaching Realistic Electronic Commerce Solutions (TRECS), which is currently fulfilling this need for experiential approaches to eCommerce education. The article summarizes 5 years of experience in the use of TRECS in Australia and describes planned extensions to the business simulation that will incorporate additional Internet-and Web-based techniques.
Magnetized by Magnus
Authors: Yeo Gee Kin
Published: March 2007

This is an account of development efforts behind a simulation game, tracing its course in competitions and use in teaching support. From a competitive game for management students to a simulated environment for learning decision technologies and management support for students in information systems, it has evolved from a batched computer program to a networked, modular, and online system with expandability into a multilingual Internet game.
Simulations, Games, and Experience-Based Learning: The Quest for a New Paradigm for Teaching and Learning
Authors: Ruben Brent D.
Published: March 2007

This article provides an overview of the evolution of experiential instruction theory and practice from its popular emergence in the late 1960s through the present period. Simulations, games, and other experience-based instructional methods have had a substantial impact on teaching concepts and applications during this period. They have also helped to address many of the limitations of traditional instructional methods, seven of which are discussed in the article. In addition to influencing classroom instruction, experiential methods have come to provide a pervasive and largely taken-for-granted foundation for a wide range of endeavors across many fields. Still, many of the limitations of the classic paradigm continue as vital and largely unresolved challenges today, and there remains much important work to be done to translate insights about experience, teaching, and learning into common practice.
Validity of the 3-D Circumplex Model for Family Assessment
Authors: Franklin Cynthia , Streeter Calvin L.
Published: March 2007

The Circumplex Model and its accompanying measure, the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale III (FACES III), have emerged as the state-of-the-artfaimly assessment instrument in the field offamily therapy. A number of concerns, however, have been raised about the validity of the FACES III. In response to these concerns, the FACES III has recently been rescored as a linear measure, and a 3-D Circumplex Model has been developed. Data from a clinical adolescent population were used to test the ability of the FACES III to assess the characteristics of families according to the underlying assumptions of the 3-D Circumplex Model. Resultsfrom the study indicate that there is some support for the validity of the 3-D Circumplex Model, but validity problems with the adaptability subscale continue to be a problem for the FACES III.
A Scale for Measuring Social Worker Empowerment
Authors: Frans Douglas J.
Published: March 2007

This article describes the development of a 34-item scale designed to measure social workers' perceptions of personal and professional power. Utilizing selected methods of both rational and empirical scale construction approaches, the measure is derived from theory and statistically validated. The approach used a three-phase normalization procedure that employed multiple methods to extract items and enhance validity and reliability. Correlational and factor analysis were the primary statistical methods used in the validation process. A panel of 24 workers, a pilot sample of 62 professionals and students, and a random sample of 520 social workers were the participating respondent groups in this study. The final shortened scale is a relatively sound measure for tapping the five dimensions of empowerment.
The Effectiveness of Brief Counseling Services for Battered Women
Authors: Mancoske Ronald J. , Standifer Dale , Cauley Cathleen
Published: March 2007

This study examines the effectiveness of two types of social work counseling services offered to battered women, using a comparative treatment groups design. One group of 10 battered women received standardized crisis intervention servicesfollowed by eight sessions of counseling based on a grief resolution orientation, whereas a second group of 10 clients received feminist-oriented counseling following crisis intervention. Participants were randomly assigned. Overall, the 20 battered women reported improved self-esteem, self-efficacy, and more positive attitudes toward feminism. However, these improvements were found to have occurred primarily among the clients receiving grief-resolution-oriented counseling, not among those receiving feminist counseling. Areas for future research on social work practice in this area are discussed.
Clinical Decision Making of Short- Versus Long-Term Treatment
Authors: Rabinowitz Jonathan , Lukoff Irving
Published: March 2007

Practitioners'decisions of when to use ST (planned short-term) versus LT (long-term) therapy were studied via their responses to vignettes and an open-ended question about their cnteria for choosing. Using a factorial design, the effects of clients' symptoms (adjustment disorder, Dysthymic Disorder, and borderline personality disorder), gender, race (White and Black), and education (high school and college) were tested. The presence of adjustment disorder symptoms alone was able to correctly predict therapist's decision of when to use ST and LT 92% of the time. ST was recommended for adjustment disorder 95% of the time, but only 13% for Dysthymic Disorder and 9% for borderline personality. In the remainder of these cases LT was recom mended. Responses to open-ended questions further support these results. Clients'race, gender, and education did not have a general effect on the choice between ST and LT, except in the dysthymia and borderline groups. There were no significant interactions between client vari ables. Therapist characteristics had only slight relationships to decisions made. Despite prefer ences to treat adjustment disorder with ST, and that 25 percent of actual respondent's chents were so diagnosed, therapists treated less than 1.5 ST cases annually.
Rationales for Practice Decisions: Variations in Knowledge Use by Decision Task and Social Work Service
Authors: Rosen Aaron , Proctor Enola E. , Morrow-Howell Nancy , Staudt Marlys
Published: March 2007

This article addresses social workers' use of knowledge by studying the rationale they provided for their actual practice decisions. Extent of knowledge use was compared across four practice decision tasks and between medical and psychiatric social work services. Data were obtained from the records of 297 clients treated by 34 experienced M.S.W. social workers in medical and psychiatric services units of two midwestern hospitals. Workers were previously trained in the approach and procedures of Systematic Planned Practice (SPP). Data were obtainedfrom SPP forms on which workers recorded their treatment decisions and rationale for each decision. Data analyzed by repeated measures (MANOVA and ANOVA's) revealed that giving of rationales, and the types of knowledge it reflected, varied significantly by the decision task and social work service. Intervention decisions were least likely to be supported by rationales, and medical services workers provided fewer rationales than psychiatric services workers. Conceptual rationales were the most frequently used, whereas rationales based on practice experience, values, research, or client wish were very little used. The implications for practice, professional education, quality assurance, and for further research are discussed.
World Wide Web Accessible Resources Related to Research on Social Work Practice
Authors: Holden Gary , Rosenberg Gary , Weissman Andrew
Published: March 2007

The World Wide Web offers resources related to research on social work practice, arranged in categories from the general to social work specific. Included are World Wide Web sites for general indexes, reference sources, search procedures, government resources, journals, measurement, psychology, other social sciences, social work professional issues, social work client issues, race and culture, and social work education.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Gender-Specific and Couples Groups in a Court-Mandated Spouse Abuse Treatment Program
Authors: Brannen Stephen J. , Rubin Allen
Published: March 2007

This study represents the first attempt to directly compare two common methods of providing spouse abuse intervention, group treatment of couples, or gender-specific groups. Forty-nine couples were randomly assigned to one of the two treatments. Of these, data were available at posttest on only 42 couples because of attrition of the victimized spouses. A multiple analysis of covariance at posttest demonstrated that for the majority of abusers it did not matter which treatment was used. However, for those with a history of alcohol abuse, the couples approach was clearly superior. Analysis of victims' reports at a 6-month follow-up suggests that neither treatment approach was more effective in sustaining initial treatment gains over time. Finally, the issue of victim safety was addressed. Qualitative assessment of weekly reporting sheets suggests that women who received the couples group intervention were in no more danger than those receiving treatment in the gender-specific groups.
Myth 94: Qualitative Health Researchers will Agree about Validity
Authors: Sparkes Andrew C.
Published: March 2007

In a recent editorial, Morse warned against qualitative health researchers turning their backs on fundamental concepts such as validity and called on them to think, reconsider, and undo. With a view to stimulating further dialogue, in this article the author explores where this thinking, reconsidering, and undoing might take us in relation to the concept of validity. Four perspectives on this issue are presented for discussion: the replication, parallel, diversification, and letting-go perspectives. Each is seen as worthy of consideration in its own right, and it is suggested that coexistence of the perspectives is possible despite their differences. The implications of various forms of coexistence are discussed in relation to the problem of criteria. It is recommended that qualitative health researchers learn to judge a variety of approaches in different but appropriate ways.
Matrix Analysis as a Complementary Analytic Strategy in Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Averill Jennifer Bates
Published: March 2007

In the current health care environment, researchers are asked to share meaningful results with interdisciplinary professional audiences, concerned community members, students, policy makers, planners, and financial officers. Emphasis is placed on effective health care outcomes and evidence, especially for underserved and vulnerable populations. Any research strategy that facilitates the clear, accurate communication of findings and voices will likely benefit groups targeted for intervention with scarce resources. In this example, matrix analysis contributes to the display, interpretation, pragmatic evaluation, and dissemination of findings in a study of rural elders. The author proposes matrix analysis as a strategy to advance knowledge and enhance the development of evidence in qualitative research.
Media Portrayal of Disease from the Medical, Political Economy, and Life-Style Perspectives
Authors: Clarke Juanne N.
Published: March 2007

There are three competing explanations of disease and its treatment: the medical, life-style, and political economy models. Each of these models is used as a presupposition for health policy. The mass media are one source of information about disease and health policy. This research examines the incidence of each of these models of disease in the portrayal of cancer, heart disease, and AIDS in six mass-circulating magazines from 1980 to 1987.
The Meaning of Compliance: Patient Perspectives
Authors: Roberson Mildred H. B.
Published: March 2007

Compliance with medical regimens is a lifelong issue for people with chronic health problems, yet most research on compliance excludes the perspective of such people. This article presents the patient's view, using data from a study of 23 rural African Americans living with chronic health conditions in the southeastern United States. Study findings suggest that patients and health professionals assume different definitions of compliance and have different treatment goals in mind. Patients define compliance in terms of apparent "good health" and seek treatment approaches which are manageable, livable, and, in their view, effective. Thus they develop systems of self-management which are suited to their life-styles, belief patterns, and personal priorities. While many of these people would be labeled noncompliant by health professionals, they see themselves as "doing a pretty good job. "
Looking Forward, Looking Back: Women's Experience with Waning Fertility during Midlife
Authors: Jarrett Monica E. , Lethbridge Dona J.
Published: March 2007

This was a phenomenological investigation undertaken to understand the experience of waning fertility. Twenty-five women were interviewed. They ranged in age from 40 to 50 years and represented diverse socioeconomic, educational, ethnic, and fertility backgrounds. A synthesis of the interviews lead to calling the central process of the study Looking Forward, Looking Back. These words were chosen because of the temporal references that pervaded the interviews. Although our initial question "Do you think you are still fertile?" positioned the women in the present, they quickly answered with "Yes, but...." Then, the participants went on to extend their answers by sharing both their past experiences regarding their fertility and also their future plans. These extended answers gave us the remaining main themes of the study: Reflecting on Childbearing Years, Doing a Midlife Review, and Anticipating Getting Older.
Overview of Focus Group Research
Authors: Asbury Jo-Ellen
Published: March 2007

This overview is intended to be a very general introduction to the use of focus groups as a research tool within the social and behavioral sciences. For more detailed information, readers are encouraged to seek out the primary sources cited here, particularly Krueger and Morgan, as well as their contributions in Qualitative Health Research (this issue).
The Challenge of Multiple Roles in the Qualitative Clinician Researcher-Participant Client Relationship
Authors: Cartwright Juliana , Limandri Barbara
Published: March 2007

Fundamental to obtaining data for qualitatie, fleld-based studies is the relationship between researcher and participant. Although sociological, anthropological, and feminist perspectives have identified some of the concerns that arise when relationships develop in the context of research, the health sciences literature provides limited information for clinicians as researchers, particularly in home settings. This article discusses the multidimensional relationships that developed between researcher and participants during an exploratory study of enrichment processes in family caregiving to frail elders. The data collection processes of intensive interviews and observations revealed the following unintended relationships: stranger-stranger, friend-friend, nurse-client, and guest-host. Suggested are topics for additional discussion regarding the experience of researcher-participant relationships in the home setting.
Beyond Textual Perfection: Transcribers as Vulnerable Persons
Authors: Gregory David , Russell Cynthia K. , Phillips Linda R.
Published: March 2007

Primarily women, transcribers are essentially invisible persons, paid to serve as nameless, faceless technicians even though they participate in a transformative auditory experience. Transcribers are drawn into the lives of research participants through hearing the details of their everyday lives and extraordinary circumstances. Exploring the work worlds of transcribers, the authors point to the need to consider transcribers as persons. Transcribers may require the protection of ethical and institutional review committees to prevent emotional injury during the course of sensitive research. Protecting transcribers can include ethical review to examine the possibility of transcriber vulnerability and appropriate researcher interventions fully informing transcribers about the nature of the research and the data that will be collected before hiring takes place, establishing regular debriefing sessions, alerting the transcriber in advance of receiving particularly difficult interviews, and preparing transcribers for the termination of a study.
Who's Responsible? Clients in a Stress Management Clinic
Authors: Lowenberg June S.
Published: March 2007

This article examines how responsibility for health is generated in a primary nursing care clinic for stress management. The methodological perspective was that of symbolic interaction and interpretive research. Eighteen clients were interviewed at various points during their treatment trajectory, along with seven clinicians. From the extensive discourse around personal choice, self-management, and individual responsibility, one would expect that providers might stigmatize clients and induce guilt and blame for either their physical problems or inability to manage their stress. The expert nurses in this clinic, however, continued to absolve clients, and clients did not experience any guilt, stigmatization, or judgmentalism within the clinic. By balancing theoretical concepts of learning and unconscious motivation with deep compassion, the nurse clinicians absolved these clients from blame while continuing to emphasize personal responsibility.
Specialty Group Differences Over Tonsillectomy: Pediatricians versus Otolaryngologists
Authors: Chow Sue
Published: March 2007

How physicians in different specialties explain their positions on tonsillectomy is explored using data based on in-depth interviews with 53 physicians. Justifications for and against particular indications, assessments of efficacy, and explanations of tonsillar function and pathology are presented. Clear specialty-specific differences exist, especially between pediatricians and otolaryngologists. Opposing specialty views rest upon radically different versions of cost/benefit assessment, whereas evaluations of efficacy are based primarily on conceptual reasoning and anecdotal accounts. Physicians' opinion of clinical trial results are specialty-dependent and are used to sustain specialty viewpoints. The implications of such specialty group differences for public policy are discussed.
Toward an Understanding of Gender Differences in Written Business Communications: A Suggested Perspective for Future Research
Authors: Tebeaux Elizabeth
Published: March 2007

Empirical studies of gender-based language differences have provided con flicting, discreet conclusions that have little relevance for business- communications instruction. This paper presents informally collected obser vations of male and female students in undergraduate and graduate business- and technical-communication courses. Calling for future formal studies to verify its findings, this study concludes that people-intensive work experience modifies gender-based language differences in written business communica tions of undergraduate and graduate students. However, instruction in audi ence analysis, tone, content design, and style also modify these gender differences. If formally supported, these observations would help teachers argue for the value of business-communications instruction in helping stu dents develop varied and androgynous communication styles important for job-related communications.
Orality and Literacy in the Workplace: Process- and Text-Based Strategies for Multiple-Audience Adaptation
Authors: Spilka Rachel
Published: March 2007

What is the role of interaction, or, more generally, orality, in multiple-audience analysis and adaptation? How does orality relate to literacy in the evolution of corporate documents? A qualitative study of how seven engineers in two divi sions of a large corporation wrote for multiple audiences revealed that, in the more rhetorically successful cases observed, interaction was the central means of analyzing and adapting discourse to multiple audiences, fulfilling rhetorical and social goals, and building and sustaining a corporate culture; and orality was more potent than literacy in the engineers'composing behavior and the au diences' acceptance of the engineers' ideas and documents.
A New Approach to Business-Communication Education: Integrating Business Research Methods and Communication Skills
Authors: Neff Alan
Published: March 2007

This article describes an innovative method of teaching business communica tion. This method, which involves integrating business research methods and communication skills, has been employed and favorably received at the MBA level, especially by managers of technical and scientific personnel and by stu dents who anticipate careers in managing such personnel. This article offers a theoretical justification for such an integration, discusses the premises and benefits of a course based on this integration, and describes this course in de tail. The article also evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the course and suggests when and why this course might be offered to undergraduates.
Technical Writing and Community Service
Authors: HUCKIN THOMAS N.
Published: March 2007

Many technical writing programs across the country have their students go out into the community and do writing projects for local businesses, campus organizations, government agencies, or nonprofit organizations. Few, however, take advantage of the increasingly popular pedagogy known as service learning. This article describes how to set up such service-learning courses and how to anticipate certain types of problems. Also discussed are some of the many benefits, both pedagogical and civic/humanitarian, that this truly real-world approach brings to the teaching of technical writing and, potentially, to the teaching of other forms of professional writing.
Like Water for Chocolate: Action Theory for the OB Class
Authors: Mazen Abdelmagid M.
Published: March 2007

Believing in the axiom that nothing is more practical than a good theory, the author incorporated Argyris’s action theory in the content of the organizational behavior (OB) course and the management of the class for more than 6 years. The implementation began with qualms pertaining to the actionability of action theory and whether it was Argyris-specific. The article provides a brief description and a model of Argyris’s theory, describes the process of incorporating it in the design and management of the class as an organization, and suggests implications for OB courses and teachers. The article also provides reflections from students on the nature and challenges of the implementation process and discusses similarities between implementing action theory in the class and in other manifestations of real life. Overwhelming evidence from a multiple method–multiple attribute assessment of the longitudinal experience documents that action theory is indeed actionable when it is given the opportunity to create the learning environment it purports to facilitate.
Linking Theory with Practice: Undergraduate Project Management with School-Age Children
Authors: Falkenberg Loren , Russell Randy , Ricker Lynne
Published: March 2007

This article describes an undergraduate course, Management Skills, that builds tacit knowledge and develops reflective learning skills. In this course, management students teach basic business concepts to elementary school children and manage a business project with the children for 3 months. The business project requires management students to apply their conceptual knowledge in marketing, human resources, and operations management to the production and sale of a product. Tacit knowledge develops as management students coordinate the efforts of the elementary school children, manage the decision-making process, and respond to marketing, production, and human resource problems. Reflective learning occurs through storytelling of critical incidents, interim and final project reports, and coaching sessions with a professor.
The Management Development Program: A Competency-Based Model for Preparing Hospitality Leaders
Authors: Brownell Judi , Chung Beth G.
Published: March 2007

As management educators increasingly focus their attention on instructional outcomes, competency-based education has emerged as an important component in graduate business education. The most sought after graduate students are not only knowledgeable in business fields but also demonstrate competence in critical managerial skills. This article focuses on the development, implementation, and assessment of a competency-based component of the Master of Management in Hospitality program at the School of Hotel Administration at Cornell University. This program component assesses and directs the development of graduate students’ skills in writing, presentational speaking, and leadership/group process skills. To the extent that it has proven effective in accomplishing its objectives, it may serve as a model for business educators interested in including competency-based education in their programs.
Optimizing the Fairness of Student Evaluations: A Study of Correlations between Instructor Excellence, Study Production, Learning Production, and Expected Grades
Authors: Stapleton Richard John , Murkison Gene
Published: March 2007

This article studies relationships between student ratings of instructor excellence and study production, learning production, and expected grades production. Although the findings of the study generally replicate similar relationships in the student evaluation literature, the findings of this research show that some teachers are rated relatively high as instructors but relatively low as producers of study and learning, whereas other teachers are rated relatively low as instructors but relatively high as producers of study and learning. These confounding relationships are partially due to the different teaching styles and methods of teachers. A Composite Indicator of Teaching Productivity is recommended as a means of increasing the fairness of student evaluations for all types of teachers.
Teaching Work Group–Task Congruence: The Fit for Performance Exercise
Authors: Clark Mark A. , Blancero Donna , Luce Carol , Marron George
Published: March 2007

An activity description, debriefing guide, and instructional appendices are presented through which students may learn about the optimal use of work groups in addressing organizational tasks of varying functional complexity. Student groups assigned to four conditions design and build Lego® products, learning how fit or mismatch between task and group composition can improve quality, learning, and affective outcomes. Discussion centers on the student’s development both as a member and as a manager of such work groups. Favorable reactions to the utility of the activity were obtained from student participants and outside business facilitators.
Shovels, Trowels, and Ice Cream Scoops: In Search of the Right Tool to Explain Scientific Management
Authors: Richardson Woody D. , Ford Eric W.
Published: March 2007

Every basic management textbook describes the works of Frederick Taylor, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, and others collectively known as scientific management. Students sometimes have trouble identifying with these historical figures and their experiments on worker productivity. The exercise described in this article demonstrates several of the early scientific management principles using the preparation of ice cream cones. Students work as servers, managers, and monitors to replicate the methods used by Taylor and the Gilbreths to improve efficiency. The exercise illustrates scientific management principles in a way much more familiar and enjoyable than discussions of hauling pig iron and laying brick.
Paradox and Pedagogy in the Charismatic Organizational Behavior Classroom
Authors: Elmes Michael B.
Published: March 2007

This article discusses the paradox of charismatic pedagogy, its potential advantages (student motivation and satisfaction) and disadvantages (student dependency, conformity, and complacency) in the OB classroom. Using contextual and dramaturgical perspectives, it looks at and tries to explain the emergence of repressive charismatic expertise and offers suggestions for moving in the paradox that arises. Suggestions for movement include a teacher self-assessment process, new methods and activities in the classroom (demystifying experiential exercises, journal writing, and inviting feedback) and a group mirroring exercise.
Management Education in Post-Socialist Hungary: Observations on Obstacles to Reforms
Authors: Elbert Norbert F.
Published: March 2007

The economic transitions taking place in Central and Eastern Europe affect management education. This article describes one North American's experiences and observations during his 2 years of working with management faculty at a Hungarian university. The post-Socialist academic environment is examined, as are the obstacles to reform-minded efforts and prospects for change. Finally, a few suggestions are offered to any Western faculty member contemplating a foreign educational assignment in a transitional economy.
Management Education with Computer-Mediated Communication: Classroom Experiences, Organizational Lessons
Authors: Young Mary B. , Gilson Clive
Published: March 2007

This article reviews the literature on computer-mediated communication (CMC) in organizations and as a medium for postsecondary education, and describes a teaching- and-research design that linked Boston MBA students with undergraduate organizational behavior students in Nova Scotia. The results of this CMC project are reviewed. Suggested future research on the topic is proposed.
Management Education Goes International: A Model for Designing and Teaching a Study Tour Course
Authors: Porth Stephen J.
Published: March 2007

An international business study tour course may be an effective way to bridge theory and practice in management education and to internationalize both students and faculty. Going international creates unique challenges for the professor. This article (a) describes one version of a study tour course, (b) reviews the academic merit of such courses, and (c) proposes a three-phase model and set of recommendations for designing and teaching a rigorous and academically valuable international study tour course.
Managerial Skills Training from a Critical Perspective
Authors: Caproni Paula J. , Arias Maria Eugenia
Published: March 2007

In the past decade, managerial skills training has become an increasingly important part of management education. In this article, the authors propose that the current model typically used for managerial skills training would benefit from a significant review and revision. They illustrate how a critical perspective can make managerial skills classrooms both more relevant and more lively. In particular, they suggest that managerial skills training be designed to encourage students to learn two broad categories of skills, self-reflexivity and cultural critique, so that they can become more effective managers and more critical consumers of managerial knowledge.
Discrimination in the Forest Industry: A Teaching Module
Authors: Eylon Dafna , Langton Nancy
Published: March 2007

Although discrimination is an important issue in the workplace, few instructional resources raise students' awareness of its existence or how to develop responses to it. This article provides background material on discrimination in the workplace, a case study, and a group exercise designed to help students understand its causes and consequences. An unusual case is introduced, in which a company's chief executive officer is excluded from an industry-wide social club because she is female. Based on this case, the authors have developed an interactive group and class exercise. The article concludes by providing guidelines for class discussion and debriefing.
Preparing for Novel Situations: Evoking Managerial Role Identities
Authors: Pitt Martyn , Sims David
Published: March 2007

Coping with novel situations necessitates drawing substantially on personal knowledge and experience. The authors report a study of how master of business administration (MBA) students thought about impending in-company project work, which from the authors' perspective had novel aspects. The authors use the notion of situational role identity expressed metaphorically to explore how the students anticipated project demands. The authors present their findings in various ways, including cognitive maps, and conclude that management students can enhance preparation for major project work by considering role-based as well as task-based demands and possibilities. A similar conclusion may be germane for many managers facing novel situations.
Practical Organizational Behavior Education (Probe): Modifications and Innovations
Authors: Shaw James B. , Fisher Cynthia D.
Published: March 2007

This design involves having students create actual companies and focuses all classroom attention on the interpersonal processes of managing a small group. This article describes modifications made to Nirenberg's model that were stimulated by feedback from our culturally diverse student body. Our modifications and innovations include: (a) providing “thought starters” to help students evaluate their course experiences, (b) changing the method of selecting group leaders, (c) requiring a business plan for the project, (d) requiring teams to develop a performance appraisal and feedback system for assessing members, (e) adding the use of textbooks, and (f) using several team-building activities during the semester.
Sharing the Importance of Attentive Listening Skills
Authors: Clark Thomas
Published: March 2007

This article describes a first-day, in-class exercise that has worked to elevate student awareness of the importance of attentive listening to achieving interpersonal success. Small groups of students answer one of six questions about the impact of the listener's behavior on speakers, and class discussion revolves around their answers. Students learn how important it is to consciously manage listening behavior. This exercise is also an outstanding springboard for introducing topics the professor will discuss later in the semester, including supporting, coaching, disciplining, interviewing, and team building.
Why Promote Clinical Nursing Scholarship?
Authors: Schlotfeldt Rozella M.
Published: March 2007

The rationale for clinical nursing scholarship derives both from the nature of any health profession and from the nature of nursing. Clinical scholarship, whether scientific, evaluative, philosophical, or historical, provides the means for advancing knowledge needed to continuously improve the essential services that nurses provide.
The Significance of Pain in Children's Experiences of Hemophilia
Authors: Spitzer Ada
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this research was to document how children with hemophilia describe their experiences with pain in relation to their understanding of their unique illness and treatment experiences. Subjects were 20 children with hemophilia who were between the age of 6 years and 13 years and had no evidence of cognitive problems. Following the principles of grounded theory, data about children's experiences of hemophilia were obtained through a semi-structured interview using five pictorial stimuli representing illness and treatment domains. Data analysis was conducted using the constant comparative method. Findings indicated that pain experiences had a major role in children's perceptions of their illness and treatment experiences and in the meaning attached to these experiences.
Body and Orofacial Cathexis in Edentulous Complete-Denture-Wearing Clients
Authors: Rudy Susan F. , Guckes Albert D. , Li Shu-Hua , McCarthy George R. , Brahim Jaime S.
Published: March 2007

This descriptive cross-sectional study examines cathexis, or satisfaction, with the body and the orofacial region in relationship to eight major demographic and health status variables in a nonprobability sample of 34 male and 47 female edentulous subjects aged 36 to 77 years. Kiyak's 27-item Body Cathexis Scale (BCS), including an innovative five-item Orofacial Cathexis Scale (OFCS), was shown to be reliable for use in elderly clients at least to age 77 (Cronbach's alpha = .95). More research is needed to validate the OFCS. Overall scores were in the neutral range, with teeth being the most negatively cathected body part. Longer periods of edentulism were associated with more dissatisfaction with the teeth. Body and orofacial cathexis were highly positively correlated. Chronic illness, education level, race, and religion were not significantly related to cathexis. Edentulism, especially recent edentulism in the elderly, female gender, and divorced marital status could be important indicators for body image disturbance.
Experiences of Primiparous Breast-Feeding Mothers in the First Days Following Birth
Authors: Matthews M. Kay
Published: March 2007

This study describes the breast-feeding patterns of 59 neonates and the experiences of their primparous mothers during the early postpartum period. The results showed that most mothers and babies in this group had significant difficulties during the first 2 days after birth and that 33% of the mother-baby pairs were still having problems latching or sucking on discharge from hospital (fourth to fifth postpartum days). Of the mothers who were still having problems on leaving the hospital, 84% had given up breast-feeding by 8 weeks, most of them by 2 weeks following hospital discharge.
Toward a Definition of a Successful Dieter
Authors: Brink Pamela J. , Wood Marilynn J.
Published: March 2007

The purpose of the research was to examine the characteristics of successful weight losers and to compare the findings with a control group of unsuccessful weight losers. The project was designed around a definition of successful dieters, based on the Metropolitan Life insurance weight tables. The definition, in fact, was not particularly useful. This article describes the difficulties associated with using the original definition as the inclusion criteria for sample selection, the reanalysis of data using the Body Mass Index (BMI), and finally, the creation of a new definition developed from the construction of weight history based on changes in the BMI as an adult. This article presents the final outcome of what a definition of a successful dieter should consist in future research.
Adverse Events in the Hospitalized Elderly
Authors: Foreman Marquis D. , This Saundra L. , Anderson Mary Ann
Published: March 2007

This descriptive study examined the incidence, onset, and correlates of adverse events (acute confusion, adverse drug reactions, nutritional problems, pressure ulcers falls, and transient urinary incontinence) experienced by elderly persons hospitalized for acute illness. The researchers studied 64 patients (mean age 74.4 years) for the duration of their hospitalization. Over half (54%) experienced some degree of acute confusion during their hospitalization. There was a 24% incidence of pressure ulcers and a 2% incidence of adverse reactions to medications. No instances of falls or transient urinary incontinence were observed or documented in this sample. Nutritional problems were identified in one third of the sample. Predictive profiles of patients at risk for adverse events associated with hospitalization were developed and provide directions for patient care and further research.
Coprolite Assessment in Nursing Research and Practice
Authors: Neill Kathleen M. , Wanger Laura I. , Grant Louise P.
Published: March 2007

A reliable assessment of stools without the use of metabolic assays of stool content has not previously existed The Wanger Stool Assessment Instrument (WSAI was initially conceived as an efficacy outcome measure for a clinical investigation of enteral feedings. The WUSA is a descriptive tool that has three scales: a seven-category color scale, an ordinal scale that describes amount, and an ordinal scale that ranks consistency of stools. Instrument testing and development were conducted in stages. Nursing staff using the instrument reported that its use improved data collection as well as the patient information communicated among health care staff.
Comparison of Two Teaching Strategies
Authors: Goldstein Nancy L. , Snyder Mariah , Edin Cheryl , Lindgren Bruce , Finkelstein Stanley M.
Published: March 2007

Two strategies for teaching lung and heart-lung transplant subjects to use an electronic sptrometer/diary instrument at home to input and transmit daily respiratory, vital sign, and symptom measurements were compared. The first strategy integrated teaching into subjects' postoperative clinic visits, whereas the second strategy involved referral to a Patient Learning Center (PLC) for instruction Adherence was increased by 30% when the teaching was transferred from the clinic setting to the PLC. These findings suggest that the PLC is an effective resource for preparing patients to manage their care after discharge from a hospital or clinic.
Predictors of Referral to Cardiac Rehabilitation and Cardiac Exercise Self-Efficacy
Authors: Burns Karyl J. , Camaione David N. , Froman Robin D. , Clark Bernard A.
Published: March 2007

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has known benefits after myocardial infarction (MI) or coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Yet, only a small percentage of patients are referred for outpatient CR after hospital discharge. This study investigates patient characteristics related to referral to CR and cardiac exercise self-efficacy, a salient predictor of health behavior change and maintenance. Two hundred nineteen patients enrolled in the study. Of the 185 patients who were CR candidates, 74 were referred to CR. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables related to CR referral. Results indicate that patient characteristics of having had fewer MIs or CABGs, having attended CR in the past, and being less physically active during leisure time are related to an increased likelihood of being referred to CR. Multiple regression analysis indicates that leisure physical activity is a predictor of cardiac exercise self-efficacy. Implications for nurses who recruit patients for CR are discussed.
Cultural Knowing As Practicing
Authors: Weisinger Judith Y. , Salipante Paul F.
Published: March 2007

A program of research designed to provide understanding of effective cross-cultural interaction in international joint ventures led to anomalous findings. Through a grounded theory process, consideration of the anomalies led to exploration of alternative conceptions of the constructs of culture and cultural knowledge. Contemporary conceptualizations of culture and of cultural knowledge represent individual cognitions about broad cultural assumptions underlying behavior. Drawing on anthropological literature, the authors suggest that culture in such joint venture settings is in the making. Borrowing from Anthony Giddens’s ideas of practical consciousness, the authors call for new concepts of cross-cultural knowing, portraying cultural understanding as locally situated, dominantly behavioral, and embedded in mundane and evolving social practices that are jointly negotiated by actors within specific contexts, constituting situated learning. This emergent perspective recognizes the fragmented, improvisational, and contested nature of culture and the increased overlapping and intermixing of people from diverse social settings around the globe. Consequently, cultural knowing can be conceptualized as socially produced, dynamic, practical, and locally situated.
Questions about OB at the Club
Authors: Lundberg Craig C. , Curmudgeon W. A. , Rascal I. P.
Published: March 2007

Twelve, hopefully, challenging questions about organizational behavior (OB) and its instruction are posed and commented on in a conversation among three academic friends.
Revisiting Bounded Rationality
Authors: Skidd David R. A.
Published: March 2007

The theory of bounded rationality harbors assumptions that lead to an understanding of human nature conflicting with observation. Arguments are presented explaining why the concept of bounded rationality will ultimately interfere with progress in cognitive science and why the concept presents an inadequate view of human nature to students of decision making.