bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategies to stabilise a complex instability phenomenon in Central Italy
Authors: Totani F , Totani G , Tomei V
Published: October 2023

The instability phenomena that regards very large and complex landslides are a challenge to minimize social and economic losses. In this paper we present the studies to programme and design the stabilizing works of the complex slope instability phenomena in the town of Lettomanoppello (Central Italy). It is located in the central-eastern margin of the Apennines, along the north-western foothills of the relief of the Maiella Mountain (2793 m a.s.l.). The slope, on which the village of Lettomanoppello (350 m a.s.l.)is located, is historically known for its susceptibility to landslides. These phenomena involve geo-morphological aspects and geotechnical conditions and complex geo-materials characteristics. The area incudes Quaternary continental deposits (detritus deposits, limestone debris hetero-metrics, landslide body) and Mio-Pleistocene marine deposits (clay, clay, marl and chalk alteration; limestone). The hydrogeological conditions of the area are characterized by a complex drainage system that affects the stability of the slope. Among the stabilization works that are provided in design, the drainage works take a prominent role. The paper presents the geotechnical characterization for the design (location and dimensions) of the tunnel for deep water drainage. The location of drainage tunnel was design according to the hydraulic condition. The tunnel crosses a horseshoe shaped underneath the historical centre of Lettomanoppelllo and the elevation of its mouths are at 290 m a.s.l. The total length is about 1000 m, and the coverings vary from 60 m to 100 m. The operation of drainage tunnel improves the overall stability of the slope and the drainage waters will be conveyed to pipe towards a hydraulic turbine located at 190 m a.s.l. in the lower part of the slope to produce electric energy.
Back analysis of wall displacement on deep excavation process: the case study of Taipei metro project
Authors: Soegianto D P , Chang C H , Tseng C W , Lai C M
Published: October 2023

Sinotech Engineering Consultants had started digital transformation in 2016 and developed the deep excavation automation design platform which called SinoExcavation in 2018. All design calculation are now integrated into a new design web platform, and have help optimize design process. In 2021, a new construction platform is developed to connect the each construction condition and monitoring database. One of the construction platform accompanied program to semi-automatically back analyse the monitoring data to get the real soil parameters. In this article, one of the Taipei Metro station is analysed to deduce surrounding geological parameter. By having this tool, Sinotech can developed and provide a reliable method and parameters that can be used as reference for similar geological condition and construction scale. In this article, one Taipei MRT station construction is back calculated using this platform. The result show that soil around the excavation line experience softening due to excavation unbalance force; hence, soil stiffness reduced. Secondly, the buttress wall is proven can be used as a building protection method by reducing the maximum wall deformation.
Case study on shield steering along a sharp curve
Authors: Sugimoto M , An H L C , Kinoshita K
Published: October 2023

Due to ongoing development of shield tunnelling technologies, usage of more complicated tunnel alignments is increasing. Therefore, more proper steering of shield machines is expected. Shield behaviour is controlled mainly by copy cutter, articulation mechanism, and jack force, but these three shield steering parameters are not easy to be determined, because of their high co-linearity and varying geological conditions. A discharging tunnel with a sharp curve was planned by an articulated EPB type shield. Therefore, as a preliminary analysis, the required shield steering parameters for the planned tunnel were calculated by shield behaviour simulation, and the obtained shield steering parameters were compared with the shield equipped capacity. Furthermore, as a post-analysis, the shield behaviour simulation was carried out by using the site measured data, and the input parameters at the preliminary analysis were examined. Through this research, the followings were found: 1) in the preliminary analysis, the shield equipped capacity is enough to construct the tunnel; 2) in the post-analysis, it was required to increase the face resistance parameter and to decrease the effective rates of overcut and copy cutter length, to match the analysis shield behaviour to the measured one; and 3) the shield kinematic model can simulate shield behaviour reasonably.
Effectiveness of Jet-Grouted Slab on Excavation: A Case Study
Authors: Prakasa M D A , Hsiung B C B
Published: October 2023

Jet-grouted slab is a possible solution to reduce the wall deformation induced by the excavation, especially for cases in soft clay. By replacing a layer of a certain thickness of the soft clay inside the excavation fully by chemical or cement grout, it could limit the lateral displacement of the wall to remain the serviceability of the excavation. In this paper, a 16.7 m deep excavation using semi top-down construction method in Taipei was selected to examine the behaviour of the excavation. The jet-grouted slab was adopted in the excavation and then the effectiveness of jet-grouted slab was evaluated. Except the grouted slab, the pit was retained by a 1.2 m thick, 38 m deep reinforcement concrete diaphragm wall with 3-level of steel struts and slabs. A series of finite element analysis was conducted using soft-soil creep and hardening soil with small strain models to carry out after-event predictions and the results were verified by field observation data. It was found that this method could effectively reduce wall deformation up to 33%. Moreover, the enhancement of young’s modulus of the jet-grouted slab does not affect the wall deflection significantly. The jet-grouted slab also was simulated by adopting two different constitutive models namely linear elastic and Mohr-Coulomb (MC) to have a better understanding of the performances by the use of jet-grouted slab. It shows that both constitutive models give similar results.
Mechanical behavior of porous crushable soils: effect of intragranular porosity
Authors: Kurniawan R , Nghia-Nguyen T , Kikumoto M
Published: October 2023

Soils consisting of porous particles, such as pumice sands and calcareous sands, exhibit unique characteristics due to the presence of intraparticle voids. Although significant impacts of intraparticle voids on mechanical behavior, such as reduced single-particle crushing strength and shear modulus in pumice sands, have been reported, quantifying the intraparticle porosity is still challenging. Therefore, the previous research has primarily focused on macroscopic behavior, overlooking the influence of intra-particle voids. This study proposes an analytical approach to quantify intraparticle voids based on particle porosity and size distribution. Rigorous validation using specific gravity, sieving analysis, and compression tests strengthens the proposed solution. Our approach enhances understanding of the intra-particle void distribution and its impact on soil behavior.
Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) Monitoring of Groundwater Flow Condition Surround Deep Excavation in Slope Area
Authors: Setiaji W A , Chihping K
Published: October 2023

Indonesia is a country with lots of mountain and hills, conducting deep excavation around slope areas will affect the groundwater. Deep excavation will change the groundwater table and hydrogeological condition. In order to monitoring the groundwater flow from the deep excavation in slope area, Electrical Resistivity Tomography used to monitoring the area surround the deep excavation project. The resistivity distribution in the area can be determined by knowing the condition of the soil around the deep excavation project through ERT (Electrical Resistivity Tomography). By utilizing passive ERT, vital parameters, such as porosity and volumetric water content, can be estimated, enabling the calculation of water saturation maps from inverted resistivity values. The resistivity conditions of the soil are continuously monitored, leading to the identification of patterns in soil resistivity movement, and the detection of potential instabilities at the boundaries between areas with varying water saturation levels.
Pile Capacity Checking Tool based on Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing for Instrumented Pile Load Test
Authors: Beddelee A A A M , Mohamad H , Tee B P
Published: October 2023

Pile load test instrumented using Distributed Optical Fibre Sensing (DOFS) offers a superior ability to assess pile capacity through continuous strain profiles as opposed to the discrete measurement method such as Vibrating Wire Strain gauges. Due to the vast amount of spatial data generated by the sensor, processing the raw data from DOFS is not always straightforward, often done manually with careful interpretation of various factors affecting the measurements. Experts are reconciling with different data processing algorithms to assess pile capacity (t-z curve) from the DOFS data and verify it, leading to a demand for standard practice. Currently, the verification is done by comparing the pile capacity assessed from DOFS data to the analysis from the commercially available numerical software. The software typically requires input parameters such as extensive soil data, structure geometry, and loading intensity. Some of these parameters are limited (due to bureaucracy or trade secrecy) for the pile load test contractor to verify the pile capacity computation. This paper presents a checking tool that has been developed to automate the processes including raw file parsing, initial processes (trimming, positioning, and averaging), and post processes (pile capacity computation and checking). The post processes utilised the simplified Finite Element Method (FEM) to perform the checking which only utilised the DOFS data. In this paper, an application of the developed tool to a DOFS instrumented pile load test in Kuala Lumpur is reported. This exercise provides the information that the tool can be helpful to verify the pile capacity computation from DOFS data with promising performance reliability at 95%.
The Effect of Vertical Ground Motion in Dynamic Analysis for Near Fault Area in Yogyakarta
Authors: Aglia G , Wijaya M , Tamsir P C , Anggoro B W , Rahardjo P P
Published: October 2023

Indonesia is surrounded by three major tectonic plates which are Indian-Australian, Eurasian and Pacific tectonic plates. Consequently, Indonesia is prone to seismic hazard. Horizontal ground motion has taken a major role in conducting nonlinear time histories analysis or in assessing liquefaction potential. However, for site near fault area, vertical ground motion can be quite significant and cannot be neglected. This paper aims to evaluate the effect of vertical ground motion in the near fault area by conducting dynamic analysis using MIDAS GTS NX. UBC Sand model is employed to model liquifiable material. Standard penetration test, laboratory test and downhole seismic tests are conducted at the site in order to characterize the shear wave velocities and properties of the soil at the area and to determine the thickness of the liquifiable layer. For this paper, two dynamic analyses will be conducted. For first analysis, only horizontal ground motion is applied to the model while in the second analysis, both horizontal and vertical ground motion will be applied. Based on dynamic analysis result, the horizontal surface motion and horizontal surface response spectrum that is propagated using bi-directional time histories will have bigger acceleration if being compared by only using horizontal time histories.
Applicability of Soybean Crude Urease-Calcite Precipitation (SCU-CP) Method for Improvement of Expansive Soil
Authors: Khairunnisa Z N , Putra H , Erizal
Published: October 2023

Expansive soil is one of the problematic soils that can swell and shrink, causing damage to buildings. Expansive soil needs improvement before being used for buildings. The typical method for expansive soil improvement is mixing soil with additives such as cement, lime, and fly ash. However, mixing additives like cement, lime, and fly ash is not easy to distribute evenly and negatively impacts the environment. Soybean Crude Urease-Calcite Precipitation (SCU-CP) is a soil improvement method currently being developed. SCU-CP is easier to apply in the field and more environmentally friendly than the common method. SCU-CP method was proven to impact sandy soil and peat soil significantly, but SCU-CP’s impact on expansive soil still needs to be discovered. This study aims to know the effects of SCU-CP on soil swelling parameters and determine the optimum reagent concentration for expansive soil improvement using SCU-CP. This study used three reagent concentrations (1.0 mol/L, 1.5 mol/L, and 2.0 mol/L) and one control sample (without SCU-CP). The swell percentage decreased by 2 – 3% after SCU-CP treatment, but adding reagent concentration did not significantly reduce the swell ratio. Swell pressure did not decrease after SCU-CP treatment. Swell pressure was only reduced by 7.92 kPa with 1.0 mol/L reagent of SCU-CP, while the other concentration swell pressure tended to be increased. This study’s optimum reagent concentration for expansive soil improvement is 1.0 mol/L.
Heave Analysis of Unreinforced Inclusion Column in Low Sensitivity Soft Clay
Authors: Oetomo James J. , Putra Ade Restu Permana
Published: October 2023

The ground improvement technique with inclusions, is now widely available and used in Indonesia. Typically, it uses unreinforced concrete/mortar columns, commonly referred as rigid inclusions, for enhancing the composite ground engineering properties. Using this approach, the applied load will be distributed to both the rigid inclusions and in-situ soft soil. On the surface, this technique is analogue to compression-only cast-in-situ deep foundation element (i.e., bored pile), but with different design concept. Nonetheless, when these inclusions are installed in clay soil, either with displacement or semi-displacement method, the installed inclusions may experience heave (similar like driven pile), which is caused by ground deformation in the vicinity of installed inclusions. As these inclusions are not reinforced, mobilizing upward skin friction from excessive heave may develop into an integrity issue, specifically, when the mobilized upward force is larger than the inclusion tensile capacity. This study shows an observed heave on unreinforced inclusion columns. Retrospective soil heave prediction using shallow strain path method (SSPM), is presented. Proposed recommendations for avoiding such issue are discussed.
Expansive Soil Improvement Using Electrochemical Injection
Authors: Rachmansyah A. , Darmiyanti L. , Kusumaningrum R. , Harimurti
Published: October 2023

According to the Geological Map of Indonesia, the distribution of espansive soils in Indonesia, especially in Sumatra and Java, is very large. These soils, which have the mineralogy of illite, kaolite and montmorillonite, are known to have very high growth properties that affect the bearing capacity of the soil. Due to the mineralization nature, swollen soil is easy to retain water during the rainy season, leading to swelling and conversely, it is easy to shrink in summer. Therefore, Indonesia with its hot and rainy season has a great influence on the land expansive. Along with the increase in road construction through the Strategic National Highway Projects, it is likely that the project will be located in the expanded land area. Therefore, it is necessary to have measures to improve the soil to increase the shear strength of the soil. The bearing capacity of the soil can be determined from one of the values of the shear resistance of the soil. West Java is one where there are many types of soil. While this area is included in a national strategic project, namely the construction of the Ja-Pek II toll road. Soil improvement measures are taken to improve soil properties in order to increase the bearing capacity of the soil. Chemical soil electrolysis is an alternative method that can be used, with chemical solutions that are not harmful to the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the improvement in the bearing capacity of swollen soils that were improved by electrochemical spraying by examining one of the soil mechanical properties.
Toxicity and chemical compounds of Piper aduncum fruit extract against storage pest Sitophilus oryzae and Callosobruchus maculatus
Authors: Rohimatun  , Aisyah M D N , Puspasari L T , Rusmin D
Published: October 2023

Insect pests of rice weevil ofSitophilus oryzaeand cowpea beetles ofCallosobruchus maculatuscan reduce the quality and quantity of stored products. Various alternatives development to control insect pests more safely were necessary. Botanical insecticides can be used as an alternative control because of their several advantages. One of the potential plants as a source for botanical insecticides isPiper aduncum(Piperaceae). This study aimed to determine the chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract ofP. aduncumfruit (Ea-Pa) and to assess its toxicity againstS. oryzaeandC. maculatusfemale adults by contact residue. The most abundant chemical compound of Ea-Pa was dillapiol (61.54%). Dillapiol was one compound that might be responsible for the insecticidal properties, as well as ylangene, naphthalene, piperitone, hexadecanoic acid, β-eudesmene, α-cubebene, δ-cadinene, myristicin, cis-vaccenic acid, pregnane steroids, octacosane, pyridine, sitosterol, and caryophyllene. The toxicity assay results showed that the Ea-Pa was more toxic against female adults ofC. maculatusthanS. oryzae. The LC50values for female adults ofS. oryzaeandC. maculatuswere 4.05% and 0.17%, whereas LC95values were 116.40% and 4.95%, respectively. Therefore, the Ea-Pa could be further improved as a natural insecticide to manage pest insects in storage.
Antifeedant and toxicity effect of citronella essential oil against Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith larvae
Authors: Saleh S , Pasaru F , Toana M H , Hasriyanty  , Syair M , Wangi A S
Published: October 2023

The Spodoptera frugiperda, often known as the Fall armyworm (FAW), is a new invasive pest that poses a danger to Indonesia’s ability to grow maize. It is advised to use botanical insecticides to control this pest because they are safe for the environment. The purpose of this study is to assess the toxicity of Cymbopogon nardus, also known as citronella essential oil (CEO), and how well it inhibits eating in FAW larvae. At the Plant Protection Laboratory of Tadulako University, the CEO was evaluated on third-instar FAW larvae at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% effect and control. The choice approach was used to test the feeding inhibition. Larval mortality was evaluated at 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours following treatment, and its toxicity was assessed using a probit analysis. Additionally, the morphology and growth of the larvae up until they become pupae were observed. The increased larval mortality and decrease in larval survival till pupae with increase in CEO concentration suggested that CEO had modest antifeedant activity but substantial toxicity to FAW larvae. According to this study, citronella oil has a strong larvicidal impact and may be used as a natural insecticide to suppress FAW.
The leaf rust disease development of hybrid corn on shaded agroecosystem
Authors: Praptana R H , Jauhari S , Samijan  , Setiapermas M N
Published: October 2023

The research objective was to determine the development of hybrid corn leaf rust disease in shaded agro-ecosystems. The research was carried out in the albasia forest area of Kalices Village, Patehan District, Kendal Regency, Central Java, Indonesia in March-September 2020. Three hybrid corn varieties, namely JH 37, Nasa 29 and Bisi 18, were used as treatments, as well as three levels of shade density, namely 0, 20 and 40%. Observations were made on the incidence and intensity of leaf rust disease at the age of 40, 60 and 80 days after planting (DAP). The incidence and intensity of leaf rust disease were observed by scoring according to the modified 2012 DMRI method. The results showed that all three varieties had been attacked by leaf rust disease since 40 DAP with an incidence of 13.33–56.67% and disease intensity between 12.59–17.41% at all levels of shade density. The leaf rust disease continues to develop in all varieties with an intensity of around 30.00-56.67%. The highest incidence and intensity of leaf rust disease occurred in JH 37 variety at all levels of shade density. The development of leaf rust disease is more influenced by the genetic characteristics of each variety.
Effects of noni leaf (Morinda citrifolia) extract on performance and egg quality of laying quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Hasanuddin Asriani , Rusdi Rusdi , Mulyati Mulyati , Fatmawati Fatmawati , Sarjuni Sri , Basri Moh , Mustafa Mustafa , Mashudie Ritha Rahayu
Published: October 2023

One hundred and sixty of laying quail, 12 weeks old, were randomly placed on five treatments and five replicates in eight birds per replicate. They were kept according to the standard management for seven weeks. The basal diet comprised mainly corn, rice bran, soybean, and was mixed at 20% of protein content. Phytobiotic source was the noni extract (MC). Experimental diets were basal diet only (MC0), a basal diet with 0.01% of MC (MC1), a basal diet with 0.02% of MC (MC2), a basal diet with 0.03% of MC (MC3) and a basal diet with 0.04% of MC (MC4). Experimental birds were having free access to the diets and drinking water. The variables were feed intake, daily egg production, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and quality of egg including egg weight, yolk index, albumin index, eggshell thickness and haught unit (HU). Data were analysed using ANOVA and the Duncan test for comparison. The results proved that noni leaf extract supplementation in the quail diet produced a non-significant effect on feed intake, daily egg production, and egg quality (P>0.05), but it improved the eggshell thickness by 4.75% (P<0.05) and elevated the value of HU by 6.5% and improved FCR (P>0.05). In conclusion that noni leaf extract (MC) may improve quail performance, and egg quality by elevating the thickness of the eggshell.
Effect of concentration of banana corm liquid organic fertilizer and dosage of bokashi fertilizer on growth and yield of long bean (Vigna sinensis L.)
Authors: Lasmini S A , Hayati N , Nasir B H , Wahyuni G
Published: October 2023

This research aims to determine the effect of the concentration of corm banana liquid organic fertilizer and doses of chicken manure bokashi on the growth and yield of long bean plants. The research was conducted in Sidera Village Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency, from October to December 2021. The research used a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). The first factor was the concentration of banana corm liquid organic fertilizer, which consisted of four levels, namely P0 = without liquid organic fertilizer, P1 = 100 ml per L, P2 = 200 ml per L, and P3 = 300 ml per L. The second factor was the dose of bokashi chicken manure, which consisted of 3 levels, K1 = 15 tons per ha, K2 = 20 tons per ha, and K3 = 25 tons per ha. The results showed an interaction between banana corm liquid organic fertilizer and chicken manure bokashi. The treatment of banana corm liquid organic fertilizer at a concentration of 300 ml per L, and bokashi chicken manure at a dose of 25 tons per ha significantly affected plant height, number of leaves and number of pods.
Control of Ceratocystis paradoxa causing point-end rot disease on salak fruit with clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii) oil vapour in vitro
Authors: Riska  , Budiyanti Tri , Jumjunidang  , Hadiati Sri , Fauziah Silva , Istianto Mizu , Mansyah Ellina , Idris Herwita
Published: October 2023

Salak is an indigenous Indonesian fruit susceptible to point-end rot disease. Disease control during storage is crucial to maintain the quality of the fruit until it reaches consumers. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil vapour in controlling the causal agent of point-end rot on salak. Morphological identification of pathogenic fungi causing point-rot disease was carried out by observing macroscopic and microscopic morphology using a 40x magnification microscope. Genomic DNA amplification of isolates was using Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) primers 1 and 4. The assay with vapour exposure was using three concentrations (4, 8, and 12 µl) of cinnamon and clove oil, respectively and without essential oil, with four replicates and 3 Petri dishes as treatment units. The parameter was percent of mycelial growth, diameter of colony and fungal viability. The result showed that based on morphological and molecular characterization of the SB1 sample, the pathogen could be classified asC. paradoxa. Clove and cinnamon oil vapours with concentrations ranging from 4 µl can inhibit the growth ofC. paradoxafungi in vitro. The lowest fungal viability was when exposed to clove and cinnamon essential oils with 12 µl and 8 µl, respectively.
Comparative analysis of the quantity of propolis Tetragonula biroi bees based on propolis type and colony origin
Authors: Budiaman  , Sadapotto Andi , Nurfadilla Annisa
Published: October 2023

Propolis is one of the products produced by Tetragonula biroi bees which comes from resin collected by honey bees from various plants, which mixes with saliva and various enzymes to produce different new resins and bees collect other than resin to build nests with other materials. ingredients taken directly from nature. The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of propolis propolis structure, the percentage of propolis waste and residue in nests of T. biroi in South Sulawesi. The data collected was then processed using descriptive methods. The results showed that the average percentage of propolis pillars was 30%, propolis batumen 26%, propolis involucrum 24%, propolis brood cells 6%, propolis pollen pots 4%, and contained in nests in the form of small wooden branches 6%, leaves 2.27 %. The percentage of waste in nests from Bone was 22.43% and a residue percentage of 77.56%, nests from Luwu had an average waste percentage of 19.19% and a percentage of propolis residue 80.8%, then nests from Soppeng had an average waste percentage of 18.92% and a residual percentage propolis 81.06 %.
Protection of agricultural land in realizing sustainable food security
Authors: Silambi Erni Dwita , Ismail Nurwita , Septarini Dina Fitri , Kasim Ramdhan
Published: October 2023

Protection of agricultural land in realizing sustainable food security Merauke as one of the regencies that has large agricultural land often experiences crop failure due to climate change which can no longer be predicted. If there is a long dry season, agricultural land will become dry because Merauke has agricultural land that relies on rain, and vice versa, if the rainfall is high, it will flood so that agricultural land is damaged. The government’s efforts to realize food security are also threatened along with the widespread conversion of food agricultural land to non-agricultural food which is increasing every year. The research used in this research is normative legal research and empirical legal research The PLPPB Law regulates the protection of agricultural land to ensure national food availability and anticipate changing times and land use needs by various sectors. Efforts to overcome the problem of conversion of food agricultural land are by providing protection and empowerment as well as providing assistance to farmers such as providing seeds, providing free fertilizer, and tools that can be used to expedite the processing of agricultural land and also harvest equipment. Providing cooperatives to accommodate harvests at prices in line with market prices.
The influence of glycerol level for freezing medium on the quality of ram semen
Authors: Rusiyantono Yohan , Rusdin  , Wumbu Moh. Ismail
Published: October 2023

Research on the use of glycerol levels as a cryoprotectant in the semen freezing process of Palu ram has been carried out at the Reproduction Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, Tadulako University. The purpose of this study was to determine the best level of glycerol to maintain the quality of spermatozoa after thawing. This study used semen from 2.5 years old rams. The semen collection process was carried out two times a week. The treatments in this study were glycerol levels of 4%, 6% and 8% for P1, P2 and P3 respectively. The data was analyzed using analysis variance, the differences between treatments was analyzed by multiple range test Duncan. Based on the results of the study showed that the addition of glycerol at a level of 6% was able to maintain the best spermatozoa motility (45.42%) followed by a level of 9% (41.14 %) and a level of 3% (40.29). As a conclusion, that the level of glycerol significantly effected on motility, viability and abnormality.
Study of combination of liquid organic waste on antifungal activity Bacillus sp. DB12
Authors: Asrul
Published: October 2023

This study examines the ability of liquid organic waste carriers to increase the antifungal activity of the active ingredient Bacillus sp DB12, which has been stored for 12 weeks against the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae. The research method was carried out in an experimental laboratory using a completely randomized design (CRD) with a single factor in the form of a liquid waste carrier consisting of 9 treatments. The composition of liquid tofu waste (TLW), coconut liquid waste (CLW), and rice washing liquid waste (RLW) was determined as follows: 100% TLW, 75% TLW + 25% CLW, 50% TLW + CLW 50%, TLW 25% + CLW 75%, CLW 100%, TLW 75% + RLW 25%, TLW 50% + RLW 50%, TLW 25% + 75% RLW, and 100% RLW. The results showed that the combination of 75% TLW + 25% CLW carriers increased the antifungal activity of Bacillus sp. DB12 compared to other carrier combinations. An increase in antifungal activity was indicated by an inhibition zone diameter of 13.03 mm during 12 weeks of storage.
Catfish population and organic media composition affect rice growth and yield in aquaculture-hydroponic systems
Authors: Barus H , Muhardi  , Samsu  , Gasong M
Published: October 2023

Aquaculture and hydroponic systems have been integrated using a variety of designs using fish and plants. Aquaculture and hydroponics are combined with proper management of the plant nutrients using closed and recirculating systems. Catfish and paddy rice are both widely grown by farmers in Indonesia. Aquaculture-hydroponic systems integration with padi rice and catfish is rarely based on research, though. This study was conducted in the fish pond at Tadulako University’s Agriculture Faculty. The split-plot method was used to carry out an experimental design with two (two) components. The catfish population density is the first key plot element, with K0 (without catfish), K1, K2, and K3 (450 population/pond) corresponding to 150, 300, and 450, respectively, catfish per pond. The second sub-plot component is the organic media composition ratio of rice husk charcoal to compost (M1:1, M2:2, and M3:1). The findings demonstrated that as catfish populations and organic compost media (K3M3) were increased, rice growth and yield rose linearly. An integrated farming system could use the integration of a catfish aquaculture system and a hydroponic rice system.
Growth and yield responses of two chili varieties on liquid bio-organic fertilizer
Authors: Ansar Muhammad , Bahrudin  , Tangkesalu D
Published: October 2023

One of the horticultural commodities that often causes price fluctuations is chili. The main problem is plant productivity which is low and unstable from one growing season to another, as a result of the application of cultivation technology that is not optimal, especially the use of types and doses of fertilizers. This research was carried out with the main objective of increasing the productivity of two varieties of chili plants by using liquid bio-organic fertilizers. The research was conducted in April-November 2022, in Sidera Village, Sigi-Biromaru District, Sigi Regency. In this study a split plot design was used. The main plot was chili varieties, consisting of: (V1) Bara and (V2) Ozil. The sub plot was the concentration of liquid bio-organic fertilizer (LBO), consisting of: (K0) without LBO, (K1) 2 ml/L water, (K2) 4 ml/L water, (K3) 6 ml/L water, (K4) 8 ml/L water, and (K5) 10 ml/L water. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, so there were 12 experimental units. The results showed: (i) the Ozil variety was more responsive to the application of bio-organic fertilizer, where with a concentration of 8-10 ml/L of water it could produce taller plants, length and larger fruit diameter, compared to the Bara variety with a concentration of bio-organic fertilizer other (ii) The Ozil variety produced taller plants, the number of leaves and the number of branches was higher, the weight per 10 fruits and the weight per fruit were higher, the number of fruits and fruit weight per plant as well as the fruit weight per plot and fruit weight per hectare were higher compared to Bara variety and (iii) The number of branches, weight per 10 pods, weight per pod, number of pods and pod weight per chili plant were obtained higher by the application of herbafarm bio-organic fertilizer 8-10 ml/L of water.
Effect of seed size and pod position of clove (Syzigium aromaticum) to seed viability
Authors: Melati  , Rusmin D
Published: October 2023

Cloves are commonly propagated generatively using true seed. One of the factors causing the lack of qualified clove seeds is farmers^ low awareness of using high-quality seeds. Farmers usually do not produce seeds- in particular, they obtain seeds from their trees without exclusively separating trees for making seeds and flowers. The seeds are randomly harvested from all the flowers without considering the pod position and size. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pod position and size on clove seed viability. The research was conducted at the Glass House of Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Indonesia, from August to December 2018. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was the seed size: large (≥ 0.9 g) and small (< 0.9 g). The second factor was pod position : (a) the pods exposed to the morning sun, (b) the pods exposed to the afternoon sun, and (c) the pods’ unexposed sun (hidden). The pods originated from selected mother trees from Kayu Aro, West Sumatra. The results showed that seed size ≥ 0.9 g and pods exposed to the morning sun had higher viability, as indicated by the high seed growth rate, vigor, and better plant growth than other treatments.
Genetic parameters of various local corn cultivars in high salinity stress
Authors: Samudin S , Jeki Jeki , Maemunah Maemunah , Amelia R , Paiman P
Published: October 2023

Future demand for maize will not be easily met due to climate change and its development using marginal soils that are stressed by salinity. This study aims to identify the genetic parameters of corn plants under high salinity stress. The research was arranged in a randomized completely block design (RCBD) consisting of six local maize cultivars, namely Gento, Lanca, Pulut, Lokal, Lei, and Sigi Merah. Each treatment was repeated four times. The results showed that two traits had a high coefficient of genotypic diversity, four traits had a high coefficient of phenotypic diversity and six traits had high heritability and genetic progress. Plant height, the greenness of the leaves, age of male flower release, age of blooming female flowers, the position of the ear, harvest age, length of cob without stalks, and diameter of the cob were positively and significantly correlated with yield. Plant height and cob height can be used as criteria for increasing maize yields through indirect selection. In future studies suggest that various local maize cultivars can be applied to situations of high salinity stress.
Effect of planting media composition and watering time interval on Andrographis paniculata Ness growth
Authors: Pujiasmanto B , Triharyanto E , Harsono P , Pardono  , Mardiyana D , Setyaningrum D
Published: October 2023

Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Ness.) contains andrographolide which can increase the body’s immune system. The cultivation efforts for this commodity are still low, even though demand is rising. The current production of sambiloto is only obtained from nature or small-scale cultivation; this will lead to a decrease in availability and germplasm. This study aimed to examine the role of planting media composition and watering time interval on the growth of Sambiloto. This study used a factorial complete randomized design with two treatments. The first factor is the composition of the planting medium. The second factor is the watering interval treatment. The results showed that there was no interaction between the composition of the growing media and the watering time interval. Soil media and vermicompost gave the best results on plant height, number of leaves, number of primary branches, fresh weight of plants, and andrographolide content. Watering every 3 and 4 days had the same effect on the growth of sambiloto. Soil media and vermicompost fertilizer produced the highest andrographolide (8.03%).
Combination of recommended macro fertilizers and solid organic fertilizers for sweet corn on medium land in Inceptisol soil types
Authors: Fidiyawati E , Asnita R , Prayitno A , Sadewo G A , Soerjandono R N B , Ratnawati T A , Hermanto C , Setyorini D
Published: October 2023

One of the horticulture products in Indonesia with a large market potential is sweetcorn, which is greatly influenced by the amount of organic matter at the planting site. The study was carried out in the IP2TP BSIP Malang, from March to July 2022. ANOVA was performed for data analysis using a fully randomized design (RBD) with 9 treatments and 3 replicates, and when there were discrepancies in the results, a DMRT analysis was conducted at a 5% level of confidence. This study aimed to ascertain how organic fertilizer affected sweetcorn yield and growth. The findings demonstrated that treatments variable plant height and leaf count had the highest values. The best results for diameter and cob length were obtained in treatment I with a combination of 1,000 kg/ha of organic fertilizer, 750 kg/ha, and 500 kg/ha, which is one recommended dose of NPK plus 500 kg/ha. In comparison to the control treatment, all treatments with the addition of organic fertilizer demonstrated significant improvements in sweet corn production per hectare. The B/C ratio value of 2.86 supports these findings, demonstrating that the maize production per ha is a plant treated with 1 recommended dose of NPK + organic fertilizer at 500 kg/ha.
Increasing lettuce productivity through Starter Solution Technology (SST)
Authors: Aisyawati L , Fauziah L , Anggraeni L , Krismawati A , Istiqomah N , Khamidah A , Arifin Z , Baswarsiati  , Antarlina S S , Latifah E
Published: October 2023

Starter Solution Technology (SST), which is a highly concentrated liquid fertilizer, has been researched by AVRDC the World Vegetable Center. SST is a technological innovation to reduce fertilizer input while also increasing the efficiency of fertilizer use and crop productivity. The purpose of this research is to apply starter solution technology which is an efficient way of using fertilizer in order to increase lettuce production. The research was conducted in Tawangargo Village, Karangploso District, Malang Regency from July to September 2022. There were 10 treatments, including P1 = NPK 3 gr/plant, T2 = NPK 2 gr/plant, P3 = 1.5 g/plant, P4 = 1 g /plant, P5 = 0.5 g/plant, P6 = NPK 3 g/plant + SST, P2 = NPK 2 gr/plant + SST, P3 = 1.5 g/plant + SST, P4 = 1 g/plant + SST, P5 = 0.5 g/plant + SST. The results showed that the use of SST technology was able to produce better growth and yield and was able to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers by more than 60% from the current level of fertilizer use without significant reduction in yield. Adding fertilizer to the starter treatment reduced lettuce production.
Testing of sprouting, genetic diversity and heritability of some local gogo rice cultivers
Authors: Samudin S , Maemunah  , Yusran  , Jeki
Published: October 2023

Seeds are the beginning of plant life; for this reason, using quality seeds and having superior genetic traits are needed to support the growth and development of plants to be better and provide maximum production. This study aims to obtain local upland rice cultivars with quality seeds and quality with the best germination and traits with superior genetics. This study was carried out at tadulako university’s faculty of agriculture’s seed science and technology laboratory. The research was conducted from November 2018 to December 2019 utilizing a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), using seven cultivars—pulu tau leru, pulu konta, delima, buncaili, jahara, uva buya, and pae bohe—as treatments. Each treatment was repeated four times. The parameters observed were maximum growth potential, germination capacity, germination time, and dry weight of sprouts. The results showed that the uva buya cultivar had the best germination because it produced the maximum growth potential (100.00%) and the best germination (99.50%), and the faster germination time (2.03 days). The dry weight of sprouts is a trait that has good genetic character because it has a high heritability value (91.28%).
The growth of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) from cotyledon on various media in vitro
Authors: Kasim H , Yusran  , Hastuti  , Anshar M , Labalado S
Published: October 2023

Micro propagation of paprika is still facing problems on suitable media composition. This research aimed to determine the growth of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) from cotyledon on various media in vitro. The research was arranged as completely randomized design with 10 treatments, four replications, used Murashige-Skoog (MS) fortified with: 1). 3 benzylamino purine (BAP) + 0.3 indoleacetic acid (IAA) + 0.2 silver nitrate (AgNO3); 2). 3 BAP + 0.3 IAA + 0.3 gibberellin (GA) + 0.2 AgNO3; 3). 3 BAP + 0.3 GA + 0.3 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) + 0.2 AgNO3; 4). 3 BAP + 1.5 NAA + 3 AgNO3 + 1 glutamine; 5). 3 BAP + 0.5 NAA + 3 AgNO3 + 1 glutamine; 6). 4 BAP + 1.5 NAA + 3.5 AgNO3 + 1 glutamine; 7). 5 BAP + 1 IAA; 8). 10 BAP + 2 GA; 9). 5 thidiazuron + 2 GA; 10). 7.5 kinetin + 2 GA. All units are in mg/L. The treatment effects were observed on callus and shoot growth, analyzed by ANOVA and the mean differences were tested using Tukey Test. All treatments induced callus but only 10), 9) and 7) regenerated shoots of 3.75, 1.50 and 1,38 successivelly. Generally, addition of 7.5 mg/L kinetin + 2 mg/L gibberellin to Murashige-Skoog basal media was the best to induce shoot.
The effect of lutein on egg component
Authors: Mozin S , Hatta U , Sarjuni S , Adjis A
Published: October 2023

In this study, the composition of chicken eggs from diets with various lutein levels was examined. This study involved a total of 120 laying hens. Treatments included lutein-free rations and lutein concentrations of 20, 40, 60, and 80 ppm. Each treatment was applied a total of eight times. Chickens are kept in cages with access to feeding and drinking areas. The analysis of the research data was conducted utilizing a completely random design. The parameters that were measured were the egg’s weight, its yolk, and its albumen. The components of eggs fed various dietary levels of lutein from marigold extract had not been significant (P>0.05) on all egg components stored for one day. However, the treatment had a significant impact (P<0.05) on the albumen index stored for 14 days, and the yolk to albumen ratio and albumen index for eggs stored for 21 days. This study concludes that for optimum albumen weight and index and the ratio of yolk and albumen stored for 14 and 21 days, a dose of 20 and 40 ppm in the diets is sufficient.
Determination of palm sugar production cost by forestry farm communities in Obo Village, Disctrict of Nuhon, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Alam Andi Sahri , Pribadi Hendra , Rafiuddin  , Rifandi
Published: October 2023

Palm Sugar is made with raw materials from sweet liquid (sap) obtained by male flowers on the sugar palm trees. It is one of the second businesses conducted by forestry farm communities in Obo village of the Nuhon subdistrict the district of Banggai and is also the development of the forest management agency sivia patuju. The purpose of this research is to set the price of sugar palm production in Obo village sub-district of Nuhon district of Banggai. This research was conducted on the forest farming group in Obo village sub-district of Nuhon District of Banggai for 2 months. It was started in January to February 2022. The techniques used in collecting sample was census methods and for data collection by using interview methods, observation, documentation and questionnaire. Based on studies conducted by the forestry group in obo village, sub-district of Nuhon district of Banggai showed that the total cost of production palm sugar was IDR 4,990,000 per month. Then the determination production cost using the variable costing method obtained the cost of production palm sugar was IDR 9,505/pc, and with the addition of the desired profit of 10%, the selling price of palm sugar becomes IDR 10,455/pc.
Resistance testing of several genotypes of Kamba Local Paddy (Oryzae sativa L.) to leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Authors: Lakani Irwan , Jusriadi  , Edi Nur , Tampa’i Axel Riyadi
Published: October 2023

One of the important diseases of paddy plants is bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Kamba is one of the local paddy plants in Central Sulawesi’s germplasm collection that is superior in origin from the Lore (Bada, Napu and Lindu). Until now, no scientific testing has been conducted on the resistance of local kamba paddy to leaf blight. This study aims to compare the level of resistance of several kamba paddy genotypes to leaf blight caused by the bacterium Xoo This research was conducted at the Disease Laboratory and Plant Pests and Diseases Gauze House, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu. Stages of research implementation include propagation of Xoo, Preparation of test plants, and Transmission of Xoo. Observation variables include symptoms on plants, incubation period, disease severity and level of resistance to Xoo. The results showed that Paddy cultivars Kamba Bulili Kasar and Kamba Bulili Halus showed resistance reactions to Bacterial Leaf Blight (HDB) caused by Xoo bacteria. Both paddy cultivars also showed a disease incubation period of 6 days, longer than the susceptible comparison varieties.