bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De George W. Bush a Donald J. Trump: a África na política externa dos Estados Unidos, 2001-2020
Authors: Otavio Anselmo
Published: May 2021

Nos anos finais da administração Clinton (1994-2001) e, destacadamente, durante a Guerra contra o Terror (GcT), a interação entre os Estados Unidos (EUA) e a África se intensificou. Por simbolizar certo contraponto ao histórico distanciamento, ao menos nas relações internacionais, entre as partes, esta proximidade nos leva ao seguinte questionamento: a presença dos EUA representou, ou não, rompimento com a condição marginal do continente africano nos interesses de Washington? Pautando-se nesta questão, o artigo se propõe a compreender o lugar da África na política externa dos Estados Unidos entre 2001 e 2020, e defender a hipótese de que não houve tal rompimento. Primeiramente porque durante as administrações Bush (2001-2009) e Obama (2009-2017), o predomínio de iniciativas direcionadas a segurança indicou a continuidade do enquadramento da África nos interesses dos EUA no âmbito sistêmico, e não necessariamente a mudança de status deste continente na política externa norte-americana. Em segundo, porque o desinteresse pela África foi predominante ao longo do governo Trump (2017-2021). Em termos metodológicos, o artigo será desenvolvido a partir de revisão bibliográfica de caráter variado, composto por livros, artigos, revistas acadêmicas, documentos oficiais, relatórios, dentre outras fontes consideradas relevantes ao tema.
Educação e o tempo presente
Authors: Fortunato Ivan
Published: May 2021

Este artigo é um ensaio que, a partir do filme Sociedade dos Poetas Mortos e dos livros Alunos Felizes e A Alegria de Ensinar, busca provocar a reflexão sobre a escola e suas prerrogativas de educar para o pleno desenvolvimento da pessoa, exercício da cidadania e a qualificação profissional. Ao cotejar o sentido de carpe diem – um dos principais mantras do fictício professor Keating – com pressupostos teóricos de Georges Snyders e Rubem Alves a respeito da felicidade e alegria na escola, espera-se revelar elementos para uma necessária axiologia da educação escolar, cada vez mais voltada apenas para aspectos cognitivos, pragmáticos e evidenciados por meio de testes de medidas padrão.
Designações versus conceções da infância portuguesa nos dicionários e discursos (séc. XIX e parte do XX
Authors: Martins Ernesto Candeias
Published: May 2021

Trata-se de um estudo histórico-descritivo, de teor hermenêutico, construído na base da literatura e escritos da época sobre a conceção social da criança e da sua infância, com recurso a designações, nomenclaturas ou adjetivações nos dicionários e discursos científicos (médico-higienistas, jurídico-legais, pedagógicos) e político-ideológicos, no período do séc. XIX até 1930. Em especial, abordaremos a ‘Outra’ infância, a qual a classificamos como infância diferenciada da dita normal por estar à margem da normalização e escolarização imposta pela sociedade. Norteamo-nos por uma tríade de objetivos, que correspondem aos pontos de abordagem: compreender a designação referencial etimológica dos termos criança-infância (dicionários) articulada com a linguagem discursiva científica da época; explicar as diversas conceções e termos afins que integra a ‘Outra Infância’ por nós utilizada; conhecer o significado das categorias de menor estabelecidas na Lei de Proteção à Infância, de 1911 em sintonia com as medidas tutelares de proteção.
Rizoma e pós-estruturalismo
Authors: Cunha Claudia Madruga
Published: May 2021

Nesse ensaio trazemos três apontamentos sobre a filosofia deleuziana, que elaboram uma análise de conteúdo epistemológico com o objetivo de refletir os possíveis usos dessa teoria na fundamentação de pesquisas de pós-graduação desenvolvidas pelo Grupo Rizoma ligado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em educação da Universidade Federal do Paraná. A proposta é desdobrar o rizoma, conceito criado por Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, traçando a partir destes três pontos um modo de orientação nesta filosofia das multiplicidades. O primeiro apontamento trata da criação de conceitos e métodos que formam a filosofia de Deleuze; o segundo, analisa o texto Em que se pode entender como estruturalismo?; e o terceiro, os elementos e princípios do Rizoma, texto e conceito que foi escrito e criado junto a Félix Guattari. Entendemos que esses três momentos perfazem um percurso interessante e necessário para quem quer fazer uso das abordagens da filosofia da diferença em processos especulativos do campo da educação.
Edaphic factors controlling soil organic matter and C storage in miombo woodlands, Zambia
Authors: Lembani Reuben , Knight Jasper
Published: May 2021

Soil organic matter (SOM) is a key component of forest productivity and
soil organic carbon stock. However, little is known about SOM and C
variability in miombo woodlands which is a significant ecosystem in
sub-Sahara African forests and vital for REDD+ strategies. In this
study, nine edaphic factors were measured and used to analyse the
variability of SOM in miombo woodland sites with different tree
structures in Luanshya, Zambia. The findings showed a large variability
of SOM stocks at different soil depths: 36.67 to 113.89 Mg ha-1 at 0–10
cm depth, 28.67 to 79.56 Mg ha-1 at 10–20 cm depth, and 31.89 to 98.56
Mg ha-1 at 20–30 cm depth. These SOM values at different depths also
varied between miombo woodland sites of different successional stages,
notably that areas affected by recent tree clearance had higher than
average SOM content per layer (0–10 cm: +5.57%; 10–20 cm: +4.20%;
20–30 cm: +4.30%). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed
that the most significant environmental factors influencing SOM were
woodland thinning by clearance, and silt content within soils. This
study highlights that CCA can be used to show the relative importance of
different forest successional stages as a function of management
practices, as well as edaphic factors, in determining miombo soil SOM
content. The results of this study are particularly relevant for
addressing current REDD+ reforestation and management strategies that
are aimed at increasing carbon stocks in the tropical forests of
sub-Saharan Africa.
A 60-year-old female with asymptomatic total thoracic-abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Deng Jian-Ying , Liu Wei
Published: May 2021

Total thoracic-abdominal aortic aneurysm is a rare disease in
cardiovascular surgery, with high surgical risk and high mortality.
Surgery is considered the most effective treatment for total aortic
aneurysms. Recently, our group admitted a 60-year-old female patient
with asymptomatic full thoracic-abdominal aortic aneurysm, and
successfully performed staged surgery, namely Bentall + Sun’s operation
in the first stage and thoraco-abdominal aortic replacement in the
second stage. The results of the operation were satisfactory.
Model and implementation of user activity tracking utilizing the TLS Client Hello's server name extension
Authors: M. Mauro
Published: May 2021

This paper puts forward a feasible, non-intrusive, method of tracking
user activity using TLS’s Client Hello section of a handshake (specified
in the TLS protocol), namely the server name extension. This method can
provide an attacker with relevant information regarding patterns and
services utilized inside of the target network, further expanding their
understanding of the attack surface, potentially, serving as a tool to
determine the timing of an attack or, even, provide an attacker with
knowledge of a point of entry to a given system.
Mapping Co-regulatory Interactions among Ligand Binding sites in RyR1
Authors: Chirasani Venkat , Popov Konstantin , Meissner Gerhard , Dokholyan Nikolay
Published: May 2021

Ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) is an intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+)
release channel required for skeletal muscle contraction. Although
cryo-electron microscopy identified binding sites of three coactivators
Ca2+, ATP and caffeine (CFF), the mechanism of co-regulation and synergy
of these activators is unknown. Here, we report allosteric connections
among the three ligand binding sites and pore region in (i) Ca2+
bound-closed, (ii) ATP/CFF bound- closed, (iii) Ca2+/ATP/CFF
bound-closed, and (iv) Ca2+/ATP/CFF bound-open RyR1 states. We
identified two dominant interactions that mediate interactions between
the Ca2+ binding site and pore region in Ca2+ bound-closed state, which
partially overlapped with the pore communications in ATP/CFF
bound-closed RyR1 state. In Ca2+/ATP/CFF bound-closed and -open RyR1
states, co-regulatory interactions were analogous to communications in
the Ca2+ bound-closed and ATP/CFF bound- closed states. Both ATP- and
CFF- binding sites mediate communication between the Ca2+ binding site
and the pore region in Ca2+/ATP/CFF bound - open RyR1 structure. We
conclude that Ca2+, ATP, and CFF propagate their effects to the pore
region through a network of overlapping interactions that mediate
allosteric control and molecular synergy in channel regulation.
PERI-OPERATIVE RISK FACTORS FOR LONG TERM INTELLIGENCE IN CHILDREN WITH POSTOPERATIVE CEREBELLAR MUTISM SYNDROME AFTER MEDULLOBLASTOMA SURGERY
Authors: Aarsen Femke , Veelen-Vincent MarieLise van , Partanen Marita , Catsman-Berrevoets Coriene
Published: May 2021

Objective: 7-50% of children with medulloblastoma (MB) develop
postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome (pCMS). pCMS has a short-term
negative impact on intelligence, but results on long-term outcomes are
contradictory. The aim of this study was to assess long-term effects of
pCMS in MB patients on aspects of intelligence (IQ) and its
perioperative risk factors. Methods: In this single centre retrospective
cohort study, 31 children with MB were included of which 14 had pCMS.
Peri-operative risk factors included brainstem invasion, vermis
incision, pre-and post-operative hydrocephalus, tumor size, duration and
severity of pCMS, neurological symptoms on day 10 after surgery, mean
body temperature (BT) on days 1-4 post surgery, and age at resection.
Age appropriate Wechsler Intelligence tests were assessed within a
structured follow up programme. Results: No significant differences in
IQ scores were found between pCMS and non pCMS groups. The pCMS group
had a clinically relevant difference of 10 points when compared to age
norms on verbal IQ (VIQ). Bilateral pyramidal and swallowing problems
were risk factors for lower performance in this group. In the overall
group, tumor size, younger age at surgery, and raised mean BT on days
1-4 post-surgery were negatively correlated with aspects of IQ.
Conclusions: We found a clinically significant reduction of VIQ in the
pCMS patient group. pCMS patients with a larger tumor size, younger age
at surgery, a higher mean BT in the first days after surgery, bilateral
pyramidal symptoms, and swallowing problems 10 days post-surgery are
more at risk for VIQ deficits at long-term.
Association between Lung Ultrasound B-lines and Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Connective Tissue Disease
Authors: Kagami Kazuki , Harada Tomonari , Yamaguchi Koichi , Kouno Shunichi , Ikoma Takahiro , Yoshida Kuniko , Kato Toshimitsu , Tomono Junichi , Wada Naoki , Adachi Takeshi , Kurabayashi Masahiko , Obokata Masaru
Published: May 2021

Background: Identification of elevation in pulmonary pressures during
exercise may provide prognostic and therapeutic implications in patients
with connective tissue disease (CTD). Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is
common in CTD patients and subtle interstitial abnormalities detected by
lung ultrasound could predict exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension
(PH). Methods and Results: Echocardiography and lung ultrasound were
performed at rest and bicycle exercise in CTD patients (n=41) and
control subjects without CTD (n=24). Ultrasound B-lines were quantified
by scanning four intercostal spaces in the right hemithorax. We examined
the association between total B-lines at rest and the development of
exercise-induced PH during ergometry exercise. Compared to controls, the
number of total B-lines at rest was higher in CTD patients (0 [0, 0]
vs. 2 [0, 9], p<0.0001) and was correlated with
radiological severity of ILD assessed by computed tomography (fibrosis
score, r=0.70, p<0.0001). Pulmonary artery systolic pressure
(PASP) was increased with ergometry exercise in CTD compared to controls
(48±14 vs. 35±13 mmHg, p=0.0006). The number of total B-lines at rest
was highly correlated with higher PASP (r=0.52, p<0.0001) and
poor right ventricular pulmonary artery coupling (tricuspid annular
plane systolic excursion/PASP ratio, r=-0.31, p=0.01) during peak
exercise. The number of resting B-lines predicted the development of
exercise-induced PH with an area under the curve 0.79 (p=0.0003).
Conclusions: These data may suggest the value of a simple resting
assessment of lung ultrasound as a potential tool for assessing the risk
of exercise-induced PH in CTD patients.
Accessory maxillary sinus ostia in superior meatus: a retrospective study and its clinical application
Authors: Lu Hsiao-Wei , Chao Pin-Zhir , Lee Fei-Peng , Wu Cheng-Jung , Wang Hsing-Won
Published: May 2021

Objectives: To investigate the incidence of accessory maxillary sinus
ostia in superior meatus in patients with clinical and radiological
signs of maxillary sinusitis and the association with the development of
chronic rhinosinusitis. Design: Retrospective study Setting: Tertiary
care hospital Participant: 159 patients examined with paranasal sinus
computed tomography scans Main outcome measures: We retrospectively
evaluated patients who visited the outpatient department at an academic
medical facility between January and April 2020 with a clinical
diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis. Paranasal sinus axial and coronal
computed tomography scans were evaluated for accessory maxillary sinus
ostia in superior meatus and confirmed by reconstructed
three-dimensional simulation images. The demographic information and
incidence of accessory ostia in superior meatus were assessed. The
Lund–Mackay score was used to rate chronic rhinosinusitis severity.
Analysis of variance was performed to correlate the severity of chronic
rhinosinusitis with presenting accessory ostia in superior meatus.
Results: Of 159 patients (81 males; 78 females), 41.5% had accessory
maxillary sinus ostia in superior meatus. Of these, two-thirds were
bilateral and one-third was unilateral. The severity of rhinosinusitis
was not correlated with having accessory maxillary sinus ostia in
superior meatus, but the presence of accessory ostia was significantly
associated with less severe chronic rhinosinusitis (P <
0.001). Conclusions: Accessory maxillary sinus ostia in superior meatus
are significantly associated with less severe chronic rhinosinusitis and
most cases are bilateral.
D-dimer level has higher correlation with pulmonary embolism diagnosis than a clinical prediction score
Authors: Lee Joseph , Alipour Ramin , Mitric Goran , Masel Philip , Chong Jia Wen
Published: May 2021

Aim This study aimed to compare the predictive value of D-dimer and a
clinical prediction score in diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) as
this could improve practice and reduce costs simultaneously. Method To
achieve this, medical records of patients who presented to the Emergency
Department of a large Australian metropolitan general hospital over 12
months and underwent DD testing were reviewed. The correlation
coefficient (CC) was calculated using the Cramer’s V method. Results CC
between low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups on their own and a
final diagnosis of PE on imaging was 0.1332, 0.1278 and 0.0817,
respectively. By contrast, the CC when using positive DD was higher for
all categories: 0.7527, 0.6256 and 0.4195, respectively. For the
age-adjusted DD, the correlations were higher than for the clinical
prediction score but less than for the absolute DD; calculated at
0.6490, 0.4987 and 0.3550 for the respective groups. The overall CC for
risk category was 0.1107; for a positive DD, it was 0.7033; for the
age-adjusted DD, it was 0.5928. Conclusion Positive DD has a higher
correlation with PE diagnosis than the clinical prediction score. DD
assay, whether positive or negative, is therefore an invaluable test in
assessment of patients with suspected PE and can help determine the need
for tomographic imaging. The absolute DD is more useful than the
age-adjusted value.
DAMPAK MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING BERPENDEKATAN STEM TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP HIDROLISIS GARAM SISWA SMA
Authors: Ningkaula T. A. , Laliyo Lukman Abdul Rauf , Iyabu H. , Abdullah R.
Published: May 2021

Salah satu materi kimia yang membutuhkan pemahaman konsep yang benar karena banyak mengandung konsep yang abstrak dan kompleks adalah materi Hidrolisis Garam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis model discovery learning berpendekatan science, technology, eengineering, and mathematic (STEM)  terhadap pemahaman konsep siswa SMA. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif Quasi Eksperimental ini menggunakan disain Pretest-Posttest Control Group. Sampel berjumlah 180 siswa, yaitu sebanyak 91 siswa kelompok eksperimen dan 89 siswa kelompok kontrol. Kelompok eksperimen dibelajarkan dengan model Discovery Learning berpendekatan STEM, dan untuk kelompok kontrol dibelajarkan dengan model Discovery Learning berpendekatan Saintifik Inkuiri. Intrumen yang digunakan adalah four-tier multiple choice test. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan Mann-Whitney dan Wilcoxon dengan taraf signifikan kurang dari 0,05, menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis diterima. Temuan ini menyatakan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran Discovery Learning berpendekatan STEM terhadap pemahaman konsep siswa. Implikasi penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan rujukan bagi guru dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran kimia di masa depan. Sehingga dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep siswa.
PENGEMBANGAN KIT PRAKTIKUM MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MATERI CAMPURAN DAN LARUTAN PESERTA DIDIK TUNANETRA SMPLB
Authors: Utami Wara Mulyaning , Lutfi Achmad
Published: May 2021

A B S T R A KPenelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan suatu komponen instrumen terpadu atau disebut dengan KIT untuk mempermudah proses pengamatan atau percobaan peserta didik tunanetra pada SMPLB dalam menunjang pembelajaran materi campuran dan larutan yang valid, efektif dan praktis. Kompetensi dasar peserta didik tunanetra kelas sembilan SMPLB meminta peserta didik tunanetra dapat melakukan pengamatan maupun percobaan pada materi campuran dan larutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan  pendekatan research and development (R&D) yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan memvalidasi perangkat yang digunakan di sekolah agar bekerja siap pakai efektif, serta praktis. Dihasilkan perangkat pembelajaran Campuran dan Larutan yang valid, efektif, dan praktis pada peserta didik tunanetra kelas IX SMPLB. Hal ini diperoleh berdasarkan hasil uji ahli media, materi, dan guru pengajar peserta didik tunanetra. Hasil menguji dilakukan pada lima anak tunanetra. Respon diambil dari peserta didik tunanetra dan tiga orang guru SMPLB. Diperoleh hasil yang menyatakan bahwa pengembangan KIT Praktikum layak dengan memenuhi kategori valid, efektif dan praktis.A B S T R A KThis study aims to develop an Integrated Instrument Component for blind students at special high schools to support learning mixed materials and solutions that are valid, effective and practical. The basic competencies of blind students in ninth grade at SMPLB ask blind students to make observations and experiments on mixed material and solutions.This study uses a research and development (R&D) approach. The approach (R&D) aims to develop and validate the devices used in schools so that they are ready to work effectively and practically. The resulting Mixed Science and Solution learning tools were valid, effective, and practical for blind students of class IX SMPLB. This is obtained based on the results of the tests from expert of media, material, and teacher who have the specialty of teaching blind students. The results of the test were carried out on five blind children and the responses from blind students and three special shcool teachers. From the data obtained, it can be stated that the development of the KIT Practicum is feasible by meeting the valid, effective and practical categories.
Using Bloom’s Taxonomy in Arabic Learning Media to Elevate Student’s Writing in Covid-19 Situation
Authors: Arifin Zainul , Febriani Suci Ramadhanti , Anasruddin Anasruddin
Published: May 2021

Learning Arabic writing skills in the Pandemic Era is confronted with complex problems. One of complex problems is the minimal interaction of the limitations in learning process that has an impact on students’ learning outcomes. This STUDY aims to explore various Arabic learning media to support learners’ writing skills that can be implemented during the COVID-19 situation. The research used a qualitative approach with the case study design. The informants of the study are those who write using online-based writing learning media. The data were collected through observations, and document The findings showed that learning Arabic media based on developing taxonomy can be divided into five basic classifications according to the evolving taxonomy; media understanding stage; YouTube, Facebook, Google search, Twitter, Media application stage: Quick Voice, Animation Creation, Google Doc, media analysis; Mind map, Numbers page,  evaluation media; Edmodo, Skype, Google search, Whatsapp, creative media; WordPress, iMovie, YouTube, Creative Books, Instagram. The findings of this study indicated that the process of using online media is an effort to improve creative and critical thinking processes in improving learners’ Arabic writing skills. This study examines research to test each of the media used during the COVID-19 situation.
The Efforts to Improve Students’ Arabic Speaking Skills Through Language Environment Activation: A Study of Phenomenology
Authors: Marlius Yoni , Bambang Bambang , Wirman Metsra
Published: May 2021

Maharah al-kalam or Arabic speaking skills have an essential role for students, especially students who take Arabic courses. Ironically, maharah al-kalam's urgency is not always accompanied by the efforts to actualize maharah al-kalam's activeness. Although several institutions have attempted to realize these efforts, it has not been exposed extensively so that other institutions cannot adopt the methods or technics used by these institutions. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the efforts to improve maharah al-kalam, one of the Muhammadiyah universities implemented in Indonesia, through the language environment activation. This study used a qualitative-phenomenology approach. The data collection techniques used were observation, interview, and documentation study. This study indicated three patterns of the Arabic language environment activation implemented in the tertiary institution: the display of pamphlets with an instruction to speak Arabic, vocabulary boards, and Arabic today. This study's findings also emphasized the importance of cooperation among the institution managers, lecturers, and students to comply with the mutually agreed rules. Without collaboration and commitment between the parties, the desired results will not be achieved.
Innovation in Learning Arabic Reading Skills using Higher Order Thinking Skills
Authors: Ilmiani Aulia Mustika , Delima Delima
Published: May 2021

This study aims to describe Arabic Reading Skills learning activities with the HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skill) system. The research method used is a qualitative method based on text analysis. This study indicates that HOTS-based Arabic Reading Skills learning activities categorized into three levels: Level of Analysis, Level of Evaluation, and Level of Creation. First, the Level of Analysis is oriented towards the ability of students to distinguish the form of the word Isim or fi'il from a text, distinguish and classify the position of fi'il, fa'il, or maf'ul, describe the content text using a concept map, and link main ideas or compare information about a topic from reading results. The second is the level of evaluation which is oriented towards students' ability to check or determine errors in writing letters, vocabulary, language rules, and punctuation in a text, and criticize, refute, conclude, provide reviews or reasons, and communicate reading results with different expressions. Third, the level of creation is oriented towards the ability of students to formulate a statement sentence into a question, or vice versa, reconstruct a reading text into a conversation, and produce reading results by developing thoughts or opinions into ideas or notions.
Identifikasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antimikrobia Bakteri Asam Laktat dari Fermentasi Singkong (Gatot) terhadap Bacillus cereus dan Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Febriana Maria Hesty , Purwijantiningsih Ekawati , Yuda Pramana
Published: May 2021

Gatot is a traditional food from fermented cassava. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can be found in fermented cassava food, gatot. Lactic acid bacteria can produce an antimicrobial compound for inhibiting pathogen microorganism. The aim of this research were isolation and identification LAB from gatot and antimicrobial activity test against Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus flavus. Three isolates from raw gatot and three isolates from cooked gatot used in this research. Isolation of LAB was conducted using pour plate method, purification is conducted by streak plate method, the antimicrobial test was conducted by agar well diffusion and molecular identification was conducted by PCR colony method using LABFw and R16RDNA-1492bac primer. Lactic acid bacteria from cooked gatot identified as Enterococcus sp. FTBUAJY04, Enterococcus sp. FTBUAJY05, Enterococcus sp. FTBUAJY06, while LAB from raw gatot identified as Lactococcus lactis strain FTBUAJY01, Lactococcus lactis strain FTBUAJY02 dan Lactococcus lactis strain FTBUAJY03. The results obtained from the inhibition zone test showed that all isolates were able to inhibit the growth of B. cereus and A. flavus.  The greatest inhibition zone against B. cereus was shown by LAB Gt5 supernatant or L. lactis supernatant strain FTBUAJY02 of 1.87 ± 0.67 cm2, while the results of the greatest inhibition zone against A. flavus was LAB Gt6 supernatant or L. lactis supernatant strain FTBUAJY03 of 3.83 ± 0.73 cm2.
Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Etanol Batang Rumput Knop (Hyptis capitata Jacq.) dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT)
Authors: To'bungan Nelsiani , Jati Wibowo Nugroho , Zahida Felicia
Published: May 2021

Rumput Knop (Hyptis capitata Jacq.) memiliki sejarah etnobotani. Informasi mengenai keamanan pemanfaatan rumput Knop sebagai obat tradisional perlu untuk dilakukan. Uji keamanan dilakukan dengan uji toksisitas. Uji toksisitas akut dengan Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) dilakukan sebagai uji toksisitas awal. Batang rumput Knop diekstrak dengan  metode maserasi, menggunakan penyari etanol. Ekstrak etanol batang rumput Knop dibuat dengan berbagai konsentrasi, yakni 1000, 500, 250, 125 dan 62,5 µg/ml. Larva Artemia salina (L.) diberi paparan ekstrak etanol batang rumput Knop selama 24 jam. Toksisitas ekstrak ditentukan berdasarkan jumlah larva yang mati setelah paparan ekstrak. Jumlah larva yang mati, dianalisis dengan analisis probit untuk menentukan nilai LC50. Kandungan senyawa fitokimia dalam ekstrak etanol batang rumput Knop diuji dengan uji fitokimia kualitatif. Besar nilai LC50 ekstrak etanol batang rumput Knop adalah 880,579 µg/ml. Ekstrak etanol batang rumput Knop mengandung steroid.
Potensi Mikoriza Vesikular Arbuskular (MVA) sebagai Biofertilizer pada Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays)
Authors: Febriyantiningrum Kuntum , Oktafitria Dwi , Nurfitria Nia , Jadid Nurul , Hidayati Dewi
Published: May 2021

Mining activities can cause environmental damage, and needs land rehabilitation efforts. One approach to land rehabilitation after mine is with repairing the ecosystem condition by improving the quality of the soil, with increase fertility and enriching soil nutrient content by providing a biofertilizer from microbe, such as mycorrhizal fungi.  This study aims to determine the potential use of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (MVA) as a biofertilizer by examining the effect of MVA on the growth of corn plant (Zea Mays). Applicated indigenus MVA was able to increase the absorption of phosphorus (P) nutrients in the soil by corn plant so it had an effect on increasing the height and diameter of the corn plant stalks. MVA has the potential as a basic material for making biofertilizer, so it can be used to improve soil quality and environment in ex-limestone mining areas.
The impact of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 on the mother-placenta-fetus system
Authors: Nizyaeva NV , Lomova NA , Dolgopolova EL , Petrova UL , Karapetyan TE , Shmakov RG , Frankevich VE
Published: May 2021

Impaired placental development during early pregnancy associated with systemic damage to the vascular endothelium in patients with COVID-19 may result in a number of complications. The study was aimed to reveal histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) features of placental tissue in pregnant women with COVID-19 at different stages of gestation, and to examine the contribution of those to pathogenesis of the disease involving mother-placenta-fetus system. The following two groups of pregnant women were studied: index group of 66 patients with COVID-19, and comparison group of 40 women with no symptoms of viral infection. Macroscopic and microscopic examination, and the IHC analysis of placental samples were carried out. Clinical and anamnestic characteristics of patients with COVID-19 were analyzed taking into account disease severity, delivery route and perinatal outcome. ICH staining using primary antibody revealed elevated expression of proinflammatory factors (TNFα, IL8) and reduced level of anti-inflammatory factors (IL4) in placental structures of patients with moderate and severe СOVID-19 (р < 0.05). The villous tree rearrangement and the development of subclinical placental insufficiency, which could in some cases be decompensated during labor, resulting in clinical manifestations of acute fetal hypoxia were detected in the placental samples obtained from the index group patients. The obstetrical tactics for mothers with COVID-19 should be decided individually based on the risk factors; continuous cardiotocography should be used during labor. It may be appropriate to conduct IHC analysis of placenta in puerperant women with COVID-19 in order to fine-tune the tactics of neonatal management and to predict possible neonatal complications.
Levels of miR-374 increase in BeWo b30 cells exposed to hypoxia
Authors: Knyazev EN , Paul SYu
Published: May 2021

In humans, trophoblast hypoxia during placental development can be a cause of serious pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. The pathogenesis of these conditions is not fully clear and may be associated with changed expression of some genes and regulatory molecules, including miRNA, in trophoblast cells. The aim of this study was to analyze miRNA profiles and measure the expression of their target genes in a model of trophoblast hypoxia. Human choriocarcinoma BeWo b30 cells were used as a trophoblast model. Hypoxia was induced by cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and an oxyquinoline derivative. MRNA and miRNA expression profiles were evaluated by means of next generation sequencing (NGS); the expression of individual genes was analyzed by PCR. We studied the secondary structure of mRNAs of target genes for those miRNAs whose expression had changed significantly and analyzed potential competition between these miRNAs for the binding site. The observed changes in the expression of the key genes involved in the response to hypoxia confirmed the feasibility of using CoCl2 and the oxyquinoline derivative as hypoxia inducers. The analysis revealed an increase in miR-374 levels following the activation of the hypoxia pathway in our trophoblast model. The changes were accompanied by a reduction in FOXM1 mRNA expression; this mRNA is a target for hsa-miR-374a-5p and hsa-miR374b-5p, which can compete with hsa-miR-21-5p for the binding sites on FOXM1 mRNA. The involvement of FOXM1 in the regulation of the invasive cell potential suggests the role of miR-374 and FOXM1 in the pathogenesis of disrupted trophoblast invasion during placental development as predisposing for fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia.
Ensuring the principle of adversarial parties by the investigator at the end of the criminal prosecution
Authors: Pushkarev Viktor Victorovich , Gaevoy Alexander Ivanovic , Kolchurin Andrei Gennadievich , Bukharov Nikolay Nikolaevich , Pcholovsky Nikolay Kazimirovich
Published: May 2021

The article pays close attention to the problems of ensuring the principle of adversarial parties by the investigator at the end of the criminal prosecution of a person, by preparing an indictment in a criminal case, for its further referral by the prosecutor to the court.  The article reveals the significant issues of ensuring the principle of competition at the end of the criminal prosecution of a person in a pre-trial order, due to which, the domestic judicial and investigative practice and the relevant decisions of the European Court of Human Rights are analyzed.  The obtained data form the basis of the theoretical and legal justification of the need to change the current version of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation in order to improve the mechanism of legal regulation of criminal procedure relations arising at the end of the preliminary investigation with an indictment.
Political Culture and Nigeria’s Democratic Experience in the Fourth Republic
Authors: Nebeife Chigozie Joseph , Izang Markus Arum , Okoli Al Chukwuma
Published: May 2021

Since Nigeria’s return to civilian rule in 1999, the quest to sustain and mainstream democratic practice and governance has continued to play a vital role in the country’s political life. While electoral democracy is universally acclaimed as the quintessence of good governance, Nigeria’s democratic experience has been apparently contradictory. This paper explores some contemporary issues of democracy and governance in Nigeria from the standpoint of the country’s prevailing undemocratic political culture. The descriptive qualitative analysis focuses on salient aspects of democratic culture. The paper posits that Nigerian’s democratic prospects have been undermined by its persistent undemocratic political culture. With reference to the country’s Fourth Republic, the paper highlights the critical implications of such an anomalous culture for Nigeria’s democratic aspirations and governance experience, noting that radical civic re-orientation is a desideratum for any change to the status quo.
DESAIN DAN ANALISA SIMULASI MESIN PNEUMATIC CONVEYING UNTUK MEMINDAHKAN BIJI JAGUNG
Authors: Cahyono Reza Hadi
Published: May 2021

Pneumatic Conveying adalah suatu alat transportasi yang berfungsi memindahkan partikel padat dalam suatu aliran fluida. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang mesin pneumatic conveying dengan system tekanan udara tertutup untuk pengangkut biji jagung dengan kapasitas 200 kg/jam. Metode dalam perancangan mesin ini melalui beberapa tahapan, antara lain ; studi literatur, menentukan bahan-bahan yang dipakai, pertimbangan desain, menentukan konsep desain, dan gambar kerja.Hasil penelitian ini adalah menggunakan bahan produksi pemindah partikel biji jagung dengan massa jenis 721 kg/m3, pipa acrylic bening dua biji diameter 1 inchi dan 3/4 inchi dengan panjang 6000 mm, kapasitas kompressor membutuhkan udara 0,09269 bar, 457 L/menit dan daya 170 kw, dan pada simulasi tekanan bagian kekuatan material rangka penopang pipa memperoleh data tegangan dari von misses stress 443.003 mpa,safety factor 15 ul, dan tegangan dari defleksi 461.232 mpa.
fronteras lingüísticas y continuum dialectales: el caso de la franja meridional de Castilla-La Mancha
Authors: Tapias Frutos Beatriz
Published: May 2021

A lo largo de su historia, la Dialectología y la Geolingüística han buscado establecer límites o fronteras a partir de hechos de la lengua para poder llegar a definir y a distinguir unos dialectos de otros. La Geografía Lingüística se ocupa de cómo se presentan las lenguas en el espacio, de establecer isoglosas, límites, fronteras y áreas de transición; y de las cuestiones relacionadas con las lenguas en contacto, tanto en el presente como en el pasado. Este artículo analiza la controversia en torno al término “frontera lingüística” y se adentra en una de las hablas de frontera menos estudiadas del castellano peninsular: la franja meridional de Castilla-La Mancha.
Abordaje arqueológico del sitio Casa Natal Sarmiento (San Juan, Argentina) como caso de arquitectura colonial doméstica
Authors: Chechi Florencia , Igareta Ana
Published: May 2021

El edificio del Museo y Biblioteca Casa Natal de Sarmiento es uno de los pocos ejemplares de arquitectura doméstica colonial que aún permanecen en pie en la ciudad de San Juan (San Juan, Argentina). Si bien por más de dos siglos ha sufrido modificaciones y adiciones, conserva el núcleo arquitectónico construido a comienzos del siglo XIX, por lo que su estudio y el del sitio en que se encuentra como conjunto integrado podrían aportar datos significativos a la comprensión del proceso de ocupación doméstica de la ciudad a fines del periodo colonial. El presente trabajo, un análisis arqueológico de fuentes históricas, tuvo como objetivo la reconstrucción del contexto físico en que se dio la ocupación y construcción de la vivienda, y la identificación de los principales rasgos materiales que se articularon en dicho proceso.
Relación del aparcamiento y la congestión vehicular en el Centro Histórico de Cusco
Authors: Vargas Febres Carlos Guillermo , Serna Cuba Marco Antonio
Published: May 2021

El objetivo fue, inferir el grado relación de la oferta de estacionamientos con la congestión vehicular en el Centro Histórico de Cusco, desde un enfoque mixto; cuantitativo (conteo vehicular, registro de inventario de aparcamiento) y cualitativo, a través de entrevistas y cuestionarios a los usuarios. Para el diseño metodológico, se aplicaron instrumentos como fichas de registro para establecer la estadística descriptiva yrelacional a través de la prueba de r de Pearson, así como la categorización e interpretación de entrevistas realizadas a los conductores y personas que tienen como origen y destino al Centro Histórico de Cusco. De los resultados encontrados, se desprende que la oferta supera a la demanda de estacionamientos, y esto debido a que la principal motivación de dirigirse al centro histórico es por motivos laborales siendo más del 42%; además, se estableció que el tráfico vehicular en las calles aledañas a los polos de atracción supera el límite que pueden soportar sus vías. Finalmente, del análisis de relación, se encontró que existe relación significativa entre la oferta de estacionamientos y el tráfico vehicular en el centro histórico de Cusco.
PERAN ISTRI MENAFKAHI KELUARGA DALAM PRANATA KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT LAMAKERA DESA MOTONWUTUN
Authors: Chotban Sippah
Published: May 2021

Diskursus tentang peran istri menafkahi keluarga semakin hari kian menjadi sebuah kebutuhan mendesak, selain juga seringkali diperbincangkan dalam pelbagai ruang. Hal ini sangat dimaklumi karena ada dinamika kehidupan masyarakat kian mengalami pergeseran dan perubahan. Sebut saja dalam hal ini perempuan sebagai istri memiliki potensi dan akses terbuka untuk mengambil bagian dalam peran menafkahi keluarga. Terlebih lagi bersamaan dengan itu laki-laki sebagai suami kadangkala, karena kondisi dan sikon tertentu, tidak memiliki potensi dan akses yang terbuka untuk menafkahi keluarga. Persoalan tersebut terjadi hampir pada semua lapisan masyarakat, termasuk masyarakat Lamakera Desa Motonwutun yang memiliki mata pencarian sebagai nelayan, juga karena kondisi geografisnya. Di mana suami yang berada pada kampung Lamakera Desa Motonwutun mencari nafkah dengan melaut, sementara melautnya tergantung pada musim-musim tertentu. Sehingga kondisi geografis dan sosiologis tersebut memberikan akses yang terbuka bagi para istri untuk mengambil bagian dalam mencari nafkah keluarga, baik itu bentuknya sebagai mitra atau pencari nafkah tunggal.
IMPEACHMENT PERSPEKTIF KETATANEGARAAN INDONESIA DAN KETATANEGARAAN ISLAM
Authors: A. Zamakhsyari Baharuddin Abdul Rahman,
Published: May 2021

Impeachment seringkali diartikan sama dengan pemakzulan, padahal keduanya secara akademik berbeda. Impeachment ialah menuntut pertanggungjawaban presiden/kepala negara dalam rangka pengawasan parlemen kepada presiden apabila presiden melakukan pelanggaran hukum. Sedangkan pemakzulan berarti penggantian kepada negara/pemerintahan dari jabatannya setelah melalui proses impeachment. Terdapat perbedaan dan persamaan antara konsep pemakzulan dalam konstitusi Indonesia dengan konsep ketatanegaraan Islam (fiqih siyasah), hanya saja konsep yang ditawarkan ketatanegaraan Islam lebih bersifat universal. Pemikiran al-Mawardi dapat dijadikan tawaran baru untuk menyempurnakan konsep pemakzulan dalam konstitusi Indonesia, yakni: (1) mengenai alasan dapat diberhentikannya presiden ketika presiden dijadikan sebagai boneka politik oleh keluarga atau orang-orang terdekatnya, dan (2) implementasi atau efektivitas hukum ketika terjadi pemberhentian kepala negara dari kedua konsep tersebut memberikan kestabilan politik yang berbeda. Dari keduanya konsep konstitusi Indonesia memberikan stabilitas politik yang cukup baik dengan adanya pengaturan tempo dalam proses peradilannya.
ANALISIS GENDER TERHADAP HARTA BENDA PERKAWINAN DALAM UUP NOMOR 1 TAHUN 1974
Authors: Mustafa Adriana
Published: May 2021

Salah satu diskursus penting dalam hukum perkawinan adalah harta benda perkawinan. Hal ini karena dalam hukum perkawinan terdapat beberapa jenis harta benda, juga seringkali terjadi ketidakadilan di dalamnya. Apalagi jika dilihat dari sudut pandang analisis gender, maka persoalan terkait dengan harta benda dalam erkawinan menjadi penting untuk terus dipercakapkan. Dengan keberadaan UUP Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan yang di antaranya mengatur juga hal ihwal harta benda dalam perkawinan, maka kedudukan harta benda menjadi begitu penting. Dalam analisis gender pola kepemilikan harta benda dalam UUP adalah sesuatu yang sudah sejalan dengan spirit keadilan dan kesetaraan gender.
PERILAKU SEKSUAL TRANSGENDER (Studi Komparatif Hak Asasi Manusia Antara Perspektif The Universal Declaration of Human Right dan The Cairo Declaration of Human Right)
Authors: Mustafa Adriana
Published: May 2021

The emergence of the term Transgender in Indonesia first appeared in 1860 and underwent development in the 1990s. In 1986 the term Wadam (Female Adam) emerged, but changed into a transsexual (Male Female). The amendment was based on the objection of several parties because of the use of the name of Adam's Woman. It was considered impolite because the name of the Prophet Adam as.In the Universal Declaration of Human Right, there is indeed no mention of sexual orientation, it must be of the opposite sex, what is concerned about human rights to marry and build families, namely article 16 which is then used as a basis by transgender people to justify deviant sexual behavior they are through same-sex marriage. On the other hand, in the Universal Declaration of Human Right there is also article 18 which guarantees the right of everyone to believe in the teachings of his religion and practice his religious teachings well. While we all know there is no religious teaching in this world that allows sexual behavior to deviate, even the most tolerant religion.
POLEMICS 0F POWER IN ISLAMIC LAW PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Hastriana Andi , Kurniati Kurniati , Rahmiati Rahmiati
Published: May 2021

Polemik kekuasaan adalah perdebatan sengit yang terjadi karena adanya sebuah kemampuan seseorang untuk mempengaruhi individu atau kelompok dalam hal ini pemerintah dan Masyarkat. Dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat di mana pemerintah ada pasti ada masyarakat yang akan mengikuti aturannya. Dalam Prespektif hukum Islam yaitu mengena Aturan bagaimana cara mendamaikan sesuai undang-undang dan prinsip-prinsip Islam. Dengan demikian sangat penting diperhatikan bagaimana penyebab, pencegahan, dan padangan hukum Islam. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan penelitian adalah: Pendekatan sosiologis, pendekatan syariah, dan pendekatan yuridis. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan yaitu Polemik kekuasaan yang muncul karena adanya kesenjangan sosial yang terjadi antara pemerintah dengan masyarakat sehingga timbul lah prilaku yang tak sepantasnya yang berlaku dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Tentang sumber kekuasaan, harus menegaskan rakyat adalah sumber kekuasaan bagi pemerintah. Rakyatlah yang mengangkat dan yang mempunyai hak memaksa pemerintah dalam pandangan Islam dalam lapangan politik, kekuaasaan tertinggi di sebut kedaulatan) ada di tangan Allah Swt; manusia hanya sebagai pelaksana kedaulatan itu. Implikasi penelitian adalah diharapkan kepada Pemerintah sering melakukan sosialisasi di kecamatan agar mempunyai hubungan jalinan antara masyarakat membaik dan terbentuknya kerja sama dalam berbagai aspek dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat.Kata kunci : Kekuasaan; Polemik Masyarakat; hukum Islam
Jakob von Uexküll y el problema de los mundos humanos
Authors: Heredia Juan Manuel
Published: May 2021

El artículo analiza el problema de los mundos humanos a partir del concepto de mundo circundante (Umwelt) que J. von Uexküll plantea para pensar la existencia animal. En este sentido, (1) introduce dicho concepto biológico y sus implicancias, (2) reconstruye las interpretaciones y críticas que se le formulan en la antropología filosófica alemana de principios del siglo XX (M. Scheler, M. Heidegger, K. Goldstein, A. Gehlen y E. Cassirer), y (3) defiende la idea según la cual, desde un horizonte arqueológico, habría una oposición correlativa entre el Umwelt biológico y las ideas filosóficas de mundo humano previamente tematizadas.
Research on Motion Control for a Mobile Robot Using Learning Control Method
Authors: Zheng Yili , Hu Xueyang , Sun Hanxu
Published: May 2021

Precise motion control is a challenging and important goal in the application of mobile robots. The mechanical structure of a novel mobile robot is presented. Using the support vector machine learning control method in statistical theory, the human control strategy is represented by the parametric model without knowledge of the actual robot mathematical model. Moreover, using the learning controller, the position motion control experiments of the robot are carried out. The results of the experiments show that this learning control method is feasible and valid for the precise position control of the mobile robot, and the maxim error is less than 32 cm in a 10 m linear movement.
Comfort-Related Properties of Double-Layered Woven Car Seat Fabrics
Authors: Ünal Pelin Gürkan , Kayseri Gonca Özçelik , Diren Mecit H.
Published: May 2021

Seat upholstery fabrics for vehicles are crucial products as technical textiles in motor vehicles make up approximately 15% of the total manufactured technical textiles worldwide and more than 50% of the production belongs to the woven fabrics because of their appropriate properties for this application.

The current work presents the comfort-related properties of the woven fabrics designed to be used in automotive seat upholstery. For this aim, double-layered woven fabrics were produced with four different process variables such as bottom layer pattern, number of interlacing warps in a unit report, number of interlacing picks per top warp, and number of weft skips by using Taguchi experimental design. Besides handle related properties, such as circular bending rigidity, surface roughness properties, and thermo physiological comfort related properties that include air permeability, thermal resistance, and moisture management properties were measured and analyzed based on Taguchi experimental analysis.
The inverse problem in the calculus of variations: new developments
Authors: Do Thoan , Prince Geoff
Published: May 2021

We deal with the problem of determining the existence and uniqueness of Lagrangians for systems of n second order ordinary differential equations. A number of recent theorems are presented, using exterior differential systems theory (EDS). In particular, we indicate how to generalise Jesse Douglas’s famous solution for n = 2. We then examine a new class of solutions in arbitrary dimension n and give some non-trivial examples in dimension 3.