bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local distribution patterns of fleshy‐fruited woody plants – testing the orchard hypothesis
Authors: Arnell Matilda , Ehrlén Johan , Eriksson Ove
Published: December 2020

Plant distribution patterns are influenced by many different factors. We examined mechanisms behind local distribution patterns of boreo‐nemoral fleshy‐fruited woody plants with seed dispersal mainly mediated by birds. It has been suggested that guilds of these plants develop ‘orchards', i.e. locally aggregated occurrences composed of several species. We analysed spatially explicit occurrence data of different life stages of a local guild of fleshy‐fruited woody plants in south‐eastern Sweden, and conducted a seedling recruitment experiment for a subset of ten species. Spatial point pattern analyses showed that the guild of fleshy‐fruited species was aggregated at small (< 10 m) spatial scales. Saplings were more common under canopies of heterospecific reproductive individuals than expected by chance. These results show that the local guild of fleshy‐fruited species is distributed as orchards, i.e. clusters consisting of individuals of different species and life stages. We found no evidence of negative distance dependence between saplings and reproductive conspecific individuals. Results from the recruitment experiment suggest that recruitment is seed limited and generally low among the studied species. At the site‐scale (circular areas with 50 m radius), there was no difference in seedling recruitment between sites with and without reproductive conspecific individuals for most species included in the recruitment experiment. This further suggests that the aggregated patterns found are not simply a result of spatial concordance in suitable habitats across life stages. Instead, we suggest that the sheer number of seeds from species in the guild deposited under the crowns of fruit bearing individuals is the main mechanism behind the build‐up of orchards. Although further studies are needed to fully disentangle the processes underlying the observed patterns of local diversity, we argue that describing patterns and contrasting them to the predictions of ecologically relevant hypotheses is a useful first step.
Gene expression analysis in epileptic hippocampi reveals a promoter haplotype conferring reduced aldehyde dehydrogenase 5a1 expression and responsiveness
Authors: Tsortouktzidis Despina , Schulz Herbert , Hamed Motaz , Vatter Hartmut , Surges Rainer , Schoch Susanne , Sander Thomas , Becker Albert J. , van Loo Karen M. J.
Published: December 2020

Increasing evidence indicates the pathogenetic relevance of regulatory genomic motifs for variability in the manifestation of brain disorders. In this context, cis‐regulatory effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on gene expression can contribute to changing transcript levels of excitability‐relevant molecules and episodic seizure manifestation in epilepsy. Biopsy specimens of patients undergoing epilepsy surgery for seizure relief provide unique insights into the impact of promoter SNPs on corresponding mRNA expression. Here, we have scrutinized whether two linked regulatory SNPs (rs2744575; 4779C > G and rs4646830; 4854C > G) located in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 5a1 (succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase; ALDH5A1) gene promoter are associated with expression of corresponding mRNAs in epileptic hippocampi (n = 43). The minor ALDH5A1‐GG haplotype associates with significantly lower ALDH5A1 transcript abundance. Complementary in vitro analyses in neural cell cultures confirm this difference and further reveal a significantly constricted range for the minor ALDH5A1 haplotype of promoter activity regulation through the key epileptogenesis transcription factor Egr1 (early growth response 1). The present data suggest systematic analyses in human hippocampal tissue as a useful approach to unravel the impact of epilepsy candidate SNPs on associated gene expression. Aberrant ALDH5A1 promoter regulation in functional terms can contribute to impaired γ‐aminobutyric acid homeostasis and thereby network excitability and seizure propensity.
High‐resolution single‐cell transcriptomics reveals heterogeneity of self‐renewing hair follicle stem cells
Authors: Chovatiya Gopal , Ghuwalewala Sangeeta , Walter Lauren D. , Cosgrove Benjamin D. , Tumbar Tudorita
Published: December 2020

Multipotent bulge stem cells (SCs) fuel the hair follicle (HF) cyclic growth during adult skin homeostasis, but their intrinsic molecular heterogeneity is not well understood. These hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) engage in bouts of self‐renewal, migration and differentiation during the hair cycle. Here, we perform high‐resolution single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) of HFSCs sorted as CD34+/K14‐H2BGFP+ from mouse skin at mid‐anagen, the self‐renewal stage. We dissect the transcriptomic profiles and unravel population‐specific transcriptional heterogeneity. Unsupervised clustering reveals five major HFSC populations, which distinguished by known markers associated with both the bulge and the outer root sheath (ORS) underneath. These populations include quiescent bulge, ORS cellular states and proliferative cells. Lineage trajectory analysis predicted the prospective differentiation path of these cellular states and their corresponding self‐renewing subpopulations. The bulge population itself can be further sub‐divided into distinct subpopulations that can be mapped to the upper, mid and lower bulge regions, and present a decreasing quiescence score. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed new markers and suggested potentially distinct functions of the ORS and bulge subpopulations. This included communications between the upper bulge subpopulation and sensory nerves and between the upper ORS and skin vasculature, as well as enrichment of a bulge subset in cell migratory functions. The lower ORS enriched genes may potentially enable nutrients passing from the surrounding fat and vasculature cells towards the proliferating hair matrix cells. Thus, we provide a comprehensive account of HFSC molecular heterogeneity during their self‐renewing stage, which enables future HF functional studies.
Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Caregiving Interface Work Scale in employed Japanese family caregivers
Authors: Sakka Mariko , Kita Sachiko , Sato Iori , Soejima Takafumi , Eguchi Hisashi , Tokita Masahito , Yamamoto‐Mitani Noriko , Shimazu Akihito , Kamibeppu Kiyoko
Published: December 2020

Aim

This study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the Caregiving Interface Work Scale (J‐CIWS) for use with employed Japanese family caregivers.

Methods

Permission was obtained from the developer of the original CIWS. The CIWS contains 20 items: 10 measuring care interface work (CIW) and 10 measuring work interface care (WIC). Responses are measured on a five‐point Likert scale. The J‐CIWS was developed through forward‐ and back‐translation and cognitive interviews of employed family caregivers. An internet survey was conducted with 116 employed family caregivers, and 78 participants answered a retest. Questionnaire items included the J‐CIWS and demographic factors. Factor analysis was conducted to determine the J‐CIWS factor structure. Validity was assessed based on known‐groups, convergent and discriminant validity. Internal consistency was examined by calculating Cronbach's α. Test–retest reliability was examined by calculating the Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Results

The mean participant age was 50.3 years; 74 (63.8%) were male. The average weekly working and caregiving hours were 41.6 and 12.1 h, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the original two‐factor model. High internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha >0.90) and sufficient test–retest reliability (weighted κ score >0.45) were demonstrated for both subscales. Convergent and discriminant validity were acceptable for the two subscales (CIW and WIC).

Conclusions

This study confirmed the usefulness of the CIWS within a Japanese context. The J‐CIWS may be useful for evaluating the extent of the conflict between work and care among employed family caregivers. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 254–261.
Pathologically oriented descriptive study of male genital circumcisions across medical and surgical specialties
Authors: Mazzoni Daniel , Pool Louis , Muir Jim
Published: December 2020

Background

Circumcision is one of the most frequently performed procedure by clinicians, yet its role and indication in clinical practice lacks consensus and remains unclear. We sought to evaluate a collection of male circumcisions to determine the range of indications, histopathological diagnoses, and type of clinicians associated with circumcision.

Methods

We performed a retrospective descriptive cohort study of male patients who received a circumcision reported by one major dermatopathology laboratory between January 2017 and December 2018. Data were extracted from the histological report of the pathologist for each case. Patient age, type of clinician, clinical notes, and histopathological diagnosis were evaluated.

Results

"/> A total of 406 circumcisions were identified. The median age for circumcision was 36 (IQR 16‐61). Boys less than 18 years of age made up 24% (98/406). Histological diagnoses included normal (43/406, 11%), nonspecific inflammation (82/406, 20%), inflammatory conditions (264/406, 65%), infections (9/406, 2.2%), benign neoplasms (5/406, 1.0%), and scar tissue (3/406, 0.7%). The most common diagnosis was balanitis xerotica obliterans (226/406, 56%). Rarely, genital infections and neoplastic lesions were identified. Circumcisions were performed by urologists (289/406, 71.2%), general practitioners (76/406, 18.7%), general surgeons (32/406, 8%), pediatric surgeons (5/406, 1%), and dermatologists (4/406, 1%). The main indications for circumcision were phimosis (110/202, 54%), suspected lichen sclerosus (28/202, 14%), and balanitis (15/202, 7%).

Conclusion

Circumcision was performed for a broad range of genital dermatoses across various medical and surgical specialties. Few studies have described these observations. We discuss the common pathological conditions leading to circumcision and its role in diagnosis and treatment.
Getty Museum Family Room – Educational Issues on Scaffolding and Transfer of Learning
Authors: Lee Tiffany Shuang‐Ching
Published: December 2020

In order better to support children’s learning experiences, art museums have begun to establish interactive art exhibitions designed for family visitors. However, as more of these interactive exhibitions are established, some museum professionals are raising concerns about whether these exhibitions actually facilitate young visitors’ learning or impede them from engaging further with the art objects exhibited. Using the Family Room (FR) of the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angles as a case study, this research examines the educational principles considered and the challenges encountered when conceptualising and implementing its interactive exhibition. My research shows that the FR project team emphasised three educational principles to be integrated into the exhibition design: (1) interactive learning, (2) family as a learning unit, and (3) enhance the learning of basic artistic elements. The FR’s overarching educational objective is to encourage transfer of learning between the FR to the Getty traditional art galleries. My research concludes with three suggestions to be considered in future practices of art museum education (1) the limits and potentials of interactives, (2) the interactive exhibition design and scaffolding, and (3) transfer of learning between galleries.
Relationships between wild bee abundance and fruit set of Camellia oleifera Abel
Authors: Li Hongying , Orr Michael C. , Luo Ancai , Dou Feiyue , Kou Ruomei , Hu Feng , Zhu Chaodong , Huang Dunyuan
Published: December 2020

Camellia oleifera Abel. is an economically important plant for edible oils. To investigate the importance of wild bee abundance at different canopy and spatial scale for fruit set of Camellia oleifera, we evaluated the relationship of bee abundance with fruit set using yellow pan trap, with additional focus on distance and wild bee abundance counts at a farm in China for 2 years. We found that yellow traps collected 95% more individual bees than the second‐best (pink) trap colour. Looking across canopy positions, the number of wild bees (including Colletes gigas, Andrena camellia, Andrena striata, Andrena hunanensis and Andrena chekiangensis) varied significantly in each year. The fruit set also varied significantly based on canopy position. In 2018, there was with an average fruit set of 34.13% in the lower canopy, 54.30% in the middle canopy and 47.41% in the upper canopy. In 2019, fruit set was 29.67% in the lower canopy, 54.15% in the middle canopy and 47.36% in the upper canopy. Comparing inter‐annual changes, only the fruit set and number of bees in the low canopy showed significant differences between 2018 and 2019. Fruit set and wild bee abundance were positively correlated in all canopy layers in each year, and there was an interactive effect between canopy and bee abundance on fruit set. Across 205 trees, growth indicators, crown size and tree height, increased significantly from 2018 to 2019, but the fruit set did not increase with the significant increase in the number of flowers. From the spatial perspective, wild bee abundance and fruit set were positively correlated, but fruit set was negatively correlated with distance from a large bee nesting aggregation nearby. Among the variables investigated, bee abundance seems to have the strongest influence on fruit set in C. oleifera.
Interregional negotiations and strategic delegation under government subsidy schemes
Authors: Shinohara Ryusuke
Published: December 2020

We examine the strategic delegation problem in the context of interregional negotiations under the subsidy policies of a central government. It is well known that when such negotiations are delegated to representatives, each region in a country elects its representative strategically, resulting in inefficient negotiation outcomes. This study focuses on a common subsidy policy called a cost‐matching grant to examine whether an optimal grant exists that restores the efficiency of negotiation outcomes. Our results show that the central government obtains this optimal grant if the manipulability of the negotiation breakdown outcome is sufficiently weak. The strength of the manipulability is important because introducing a grant generates a new kind of manipulation of negotiation breakdown outcomes. However, when a new representative is elected after a negotiation breaks down, the new manipulability is negated. Hence, the central government always obtains the optimal cost‐matching grant.
Physiology of maerl algae: Comparison of inter‐ and intraspecies variations
Authors: Qui‐Minet Zujaila Nohemy , Davoult Dominique , Grall Jacques , Delaunay Coralie , Six Christophe , Cariou Thierry , Martin Sophie
Published: December 2020

Free‐living red coralline algae play an important role in the carbon and carbonate cycles of coastal environments. In this study, we examined the physiology of free‐living coralline algae‐forming maerl beds in the Bay of Brest (Brittany, France), where Lithothamnion corallioides is the dominant maerl (i.e., rhodolith) species. Phymatolithon calcareum and Lithophyllum incrustans are also present (in lower abundances) at a specific site in the bay. We aimed to assess how maerl physiology is affected by seasonality and/or local environmental variations at the inter‐ and intraspecific levels. Physiological measurements (respiration, photosynthetic, and calcification rates) were performed using incubation chambers in winter and summer to compare (1) the dominant maerl species at three sites and (2) three coexisting maerl species at one site. Comparison of the three coexisting maerl species suggests that L. corallioides is the best adapted to the current environmental conditions in the Bay of Brest, because this species is the most robust to dissolution in the dark in winter and has the highest calcification efficiency in the light. Comparisons of L. corallioides metabolic rates between stations showed that morphological variations within this species are the main factor affecting its photosynthetic and calcification rates. Environmental factors such as freshwater inputs also affect its calcification rates in the dark. In addition to interspecies variation in maerl physiology, there were intraspecific variations associated with direct (water physico‐chemistry) or indirect (morphology) local environmental conditions. This study demonstrates the plasticity of maerl physiology in response to environmental changes, which is fundamental for maerl persistence.
Clinicopathologic and radiographic features in 33 cats with aspiration and 26 cats with bronchopneumonia (2007‐2017)
Authors: Dear Jonathan D. , Vernau William , Johnson Eric G. , Hulsebosch Sean E. , Johnson Lynelle R.
Published: December 2020

Background

Aspiration pneumonia (AP) and bronchopneumonia (BP) are poorly characterized diseases in cats that share clinical similarities to inflammatory airway disease (IAD).

Objectives

Describe clinicopathologic, radiographic, and microbiologic features in cats with AP and BP and compare findings to those in cats with IAD.

Animals

Thirty‐three cats with AP and 26 with BP; 44 cats with IAD.

Methods

Retrospective case‐control study. Results extracted for all cats included signalment, physical examination findings, historical details, and potential risk factors for aspiration. Diagnostic test results were summarized including CBC, bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid analysis and microbial culture. Radiographs were reviewed in masked fashion and scored for severity. Results of BAL fluid analysis were assessed for evidence of septic inflammation.

Results

Cats with AP were less likely to be presented for evaluation of cough (P <.001) and more likely to be hypothermic (P= .01) than were cats with IAD or BP. Median duration of signs was significantly shorter in cats with AP (12 days) compared to cats with BP or IAD (270 and 180 days;P= .01). Radiographically, cats with AP were more likely to have an alveolar pattern and higher total score than were cats with BP or IAD.Mycoplasmaspp. were the organisms most commonly cultured from BAL fluid in cats with BP, but were not cultured from any cats with AP.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Pneumonia must be distinguished from IAD in cats with cough and AP should be considered in cats with acute onset of tachypnea.
Geranium jainii (Geraniaceae), a new species from Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Hurrah Imtiyaz Ahmad , Wagh Vijay Vishnu
Published: December 2020

Geranium jainii Imtiyaz Hurrah & Vijay Wagh, a new species of Geranium subg. Geranium, is described and illustrated. Morphological comparison of G. jainii with related species (e.g. G. collinum, G. pratense and G. himalayense) and a taxonomic key to distinguish the species are provided. In addition, a detailed description, habitat details, distribution map and conservation status of the new species are given.
Activity of Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume extract against the biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide synthesis of Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Zhang Zhong , Zeng Jumei , Zhou Xuedong , Xu Qianda , Li Chenghui , Liu Yiduo , Zhang Chaoliang , Wang Liu , Zeng Weicai , Li Yuqing
Published: December 2020

Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume is utilized as a traditional Chinese herbal tea with various health benefits and protective effects. Streptococcus mutans is an important cariogenic oral bacteria species. The present study aimed to assess the influence of Ligustrum robustum extract (LRE) on the biofilm formation of S. mutans and the mechanism of its action, as well as to identify its chemical components. For chemical identification, HPLC‐MS and nuclear magnetic resonance were applied and four identified phytochemicals were reported (Ligurobustoside B, Ligurobustoside N, Ligurobustoside J, and Ligurobustoside C). The dose‐dependent (0.5 to 2.0 μg/μL) antimicrobial toxicity of LRE against S. mutans biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), Crystal violet stain, and CFU counting. The microstructure of S. mutans biofilm treated with LRE was investigated both on glass coverslips and ex vivo bovine dental enamel by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, LRE downregulated the expression of S. mutans glucosyltransferase‐encoding genes gtfB, gtfC, and gtfD, and the quorum sensing (QS) factors comD and comE, suggesting its toxic mechanism. In addition, the result of CCK‐8 test on human oral cells revealed an acceptable biocompatibility of LRE. These findings indicated the possible application of this daily consumed herbal tea for caries prevention.
Role of MdERF3 and MdERF118 natural variations in apple flesh firmness/crispness retainability and development of QTL‐based genomics‐assisted prediction
Authors: Wu Bei , Shen Fei , Wang Xuan , Zheng Wen Yan , Xiao Chen , Deng Yang , Wang Ting , Yu Huang Zhen , Zhou Qian , Wang Yi , Wu Ting , Feng Xu Xue , Hai Han Zhen , Zhong Zhang Xin
Published: December 2020

Retention of flesh texture attributes during cold storage is critical for the long‐term maintenance of fruit quality. The genetic variations determining flesh firmness and crispness retainability are not well understood. The objectives of this study are to identify gene markers based on quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and to develop genomics‐assisted prediction (GAP) models for apple flesh firmness and crispness retainability. Phenotype data of 2664 hybrids derived from three Malus domestica cultivars and a M. asiatica cultivar were collected in 2016 and 2017. The phenotype segregated considerably with high broad‐sense heritability of 83.85% and 83.64% for flesh firmness and crispness retainability, respectively. Fifty‐six candidate genes were predicted from the 62 QTLs identified using bulked segregant analysis and RNA‐seq. The genotype effects of the markers designed on each candidate gene were estimated. The genomics‐predicted values were obtained using pyramiding marker genotype effects and overall mean phenotype values. Fivefold cross‐validation revealed that the prediction accuracy was 0.5541 and 0.6018 for retainability of flesh firmness and crispness, respectively. An 8‐bp deletion in the MdERF3 promoter disrupted MdDOF5.3 binding, reduced MdERF3 expression, relieved the inhibition on MdPGLR3, MdPME2, and MdACO4 expression, and ultimately decreased flesh firmness and crispness retainability. A 3‐bp deletion in the MdERF118 promoter decreased its expression by disrupting the binding of MdRAVL1, which increased MdPGLR3 and MdACO4 expression and reduced flesh firmness and crispness retainability. These results provide insights regarding the genetic variation network regulating flesh firmness and crispness retainability, and the GAP models can assist in apple breeding.
Assessing spirometry competence through certification in community‐based healthcare settings in Australia and New Zealand: A position paper of the Australian and New Zealand Society of Respiratory Science
Authors: Schneider Irene , Rodwell Leanne , Baum Sarah , Borg Brigitte M. , Del Colle Eleonora A. , Ingram Emily R. , Swanney Maureen , Taylor Deborah ,   ANZSRS Community‐Based Spirometry Competency Working Group
Published: December 2020

Spirometry has been established as an essential test for diagnosing and monitoring respiratory disease, particularly asthma and COPD, as well as in occupational health surveillance. In Australia and New Zealand, there is currently no pathway for spirometry operators in community‐based healthcare settings to demonstrate spirometry competence. The Australia and New Zealand Society of Respiratory Science (ANZSRS) has identified a need for developing a pathway for operators working in community‐based practices in Australia and New Zealand to demonstrate spirometry competence and certification. Spirometry certification provides evidence to patients, clients, employers and organizations that an individual has participated in an assessment process that qualifies them to perform spirometry to current international spirometry standards set out by the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS). This document describes a competence assessment pathway that incorporates a portfolio and practical assessment. The completion of this pathway and the award of certification confer an individual is competent to perform spirometry for 3 years, after which re‐certification is required. The adoption of this competency assessment and certification process by specialist organizations, and the commitment of operators performing spirometry to undergo this process, will enhance spirometry quality and practice in community‐based healthcare settings.
Vertical vs horizontal bullying: A need of socio‐interactive ethical trainings at workplace
Authors: Farooq Qamar , Khan Shahzad Ahmad , Ting Chen , Fu Peihua , Yao Xiao
Published: December 2020

Bullying at workplaces is a growing problem associated with several antecedents and outcomes of psychological disorders. Extant literature shows the relationship of victimization with the owning‐up curriculum to confront bullying, but so far there is little research to cure the issue of bullying through ethics and there is no study to check the impact of ethical lessons and exercises in training materials to curb bullying at workplace. The current paper is based on a literature review of aggression and bullying, and chiefly addresses the HR practices in rescuing the people from peer victimization. Conceptually segregating supervisor‐subordinate (vertical) and peer‐peer (horizontal) bullying psychology, this paper attempts to see what possible corrective steps can be taken by senior managers, supervisors and psychologists to resolve this critical problem through interior capacities. In this paper, we have developed three propositions for conducting a future empirical investigation in connection to a cohort study. By addressing the counterproductive/deviant behavior, the present report is likely to be beneficial for psychology scientists and HR practitioners in noticing and resolving the bullying issues at the workplace for the well‐being of employees.
Decreasing voriconazole requirement in a patient after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation discontinuation: A case report
Authors: Peterson Eric L. , Chittick Paul J. , Richardson Chad L.
Published: December 2020

Patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may display large decreases in drug concentrations due to increases in volume of distribution and drug binding to ECMO circuits, tubing, oxygenator, and coating materials. We report a case of a critically ill male with a 10‐month status post‐deceased donor renal transplant and being treated with voriconazole for suspected aspergillosis. Initially, multiple dose increases, up to 11.3 mg/kg/dose, were required while on ECMO therapy to obtain goal voriconazole trough concentrations between 2 and 5.5 mcg/mL. The patient's voriconazole dose requirement subsequently decreased to 7.3 mg/kg/dose after ECMO discontinuation, which represented a 45% reduction in voriconazole dose requirement. Based upon this experience, voriconazole appears to bind to artificial surfaces on ECMO devices. In addition to close monitoring of trough levels, it may be appropriate to empirically reduce the voriconazole dose in patients after ECMO discontinuation.
The anti‐adhesive effect of anti‐VEGF agents in experimental models: A systematic review
Authors: Giannis Dimitrios , Geropoulos Georgios , Ziogas Ioannis A. , Gitlin Jordan , Oropallo Alisha
Published: December 2020

Adhesions constitute a major problem in abdominal‐pelvic and thoracic surgery with significant impact in the postoperative quality of life and healthcare services utilization. Adhesiogenesis is the result of increased fibrin formation, impaired fibrinolysis, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. Despite the recent advancements, the ideal anti‐adhesive agent remains to be determined. To this end, we performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases to identify studies investigating the antiadhesive role of anti‐VEGF agents in peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial experimental adhesion models. Fifteen studies were eligible for inclusion with a total population of 602 animals (334 rats, 180 rabbits, and 88 mice). The majority of included studies (11/15) used bevacizumab, while three studies used other anti‐VEGF antibodies and one study used an anti‐VEGFR‐antibody. A rat model was used in nine studies, while rabbit (n = 3) or mouse (n = 3) models were used less frequently. Eleven studies used peritoneal models, three studies used pleural models, and one study used a pericardial model. The scales (n = 12) and interval (Range: 1‐42 days) used for the evaluation of adhesions varied between the studies. All studies demonstrated a significant decrease in adhesion scores between the anti‐VEGF and control groups up to 42 days postprocedure. VEGF blockade resulted in decreased fibrosis in four out of five studies that used peritoneal models, while the effect on pleural models depended on the pleurodesis agent and was significant between 7 and 28 days. The effect of anti‐VEGF agents on anastomosis integrity depends on the dose and the model that is used (inconclusive results).Current data support the anti‐adhesive role of Anti‐VEGF agents in all three serosal surfaces up to 6 weeks postprocedure. Further studies are needed to confirm the anti‐adhesive role of anti‐VEGF agents in pleural and pericardial adhesion experimental models and investigate any effect on anastomosis integrity in peritoneal models.
Use of conversational agents in rehabilitation following brain injury, disease, or stroke: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Hocking Judith , Oster Candice , Maeder Anthony
Published: December 2020

Objective:

The objective of the review is to identify peer-reviewed literature reporting the design and use of conversational agents in rehabilitation for adults with brain injury, disease, or stroke.

Introduction:

Rehabilitation for adults with brain injury, disease, or stroke provides goal-directed care to overcome functional impairments and reduced independence. However, recovery can be impacted due to rehabilitation being time-limited. New therapy approaches supporting rehabilitation and self-management are warranted. Conversational agents provide personal computer-based dialogues that can be designed to meet the specific needs of clients. Interacting with a conversational agent may support rehabilitation for clients with brain injury, disease, or stroke.

Inclusion criteria:

Studies that report the design or use of conversational agents in rehabilitation for adults aged over 18 years with brain injury, disease, or stroke will be considered for inclusion. Research settings may include hospitals, community settings, and homes. Eligible study types are peer-reviewed research protocols, prototype development papers, and pilot and clinical trials.

Methods:

Primary sourcing databases (MEDLINE [Ovid], Scopus, ProQuest [all databases], Web of Science) and gray literature sources will be searched with no date limitations. Only studies published in English will be considered due to feasibility limitations. Two independent reviewers will screen the retrieved papers by title and abstract, and the selected papers by full-text review. Any disagreements will be resolved by an objective arbitrator. Data to be extracted and analyzed from included papers will include details of participants, concept, context, and the study design. Results will be presented narratively and in tabular format.
Measures of movement and mobility used in clinical practice and research: a scoping review
Authors: Moulton Elizabeth , Wilson Rosemary , Silva Amina Regina , Kircher Colleen , Petry Stéfany , Goldie Catherine , Medves Jennifer , Deluzio Kevin , Ross-White Amanda
Published: December 2020

Objective:

The first objective of this scoping review was to identify all the tools designed to measure movement or mobility in adults. The second objective was to compare the tools to the conceptual definitions of movement and mobility by mapping them to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).

Introduction:

The concepts of movement and mobility are distinct concepts that are often conflated, and the differences are important to patient care. Movement is a change in the place or position of a part of the body or of the whole body. Mobility is derived from movement and is defined as the ability to move with ease. Researchers and clinicians, including nurses, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists who work with adults and in rehabilitation, need to be confident that they are measuring the outcome of interest.

Inclusion criteria:

This scoping review considered studies that included participants who are adults, aged 19 and older, with any level of ability or disability. The concepts of interest were tools that measured movement or mobility relative to the human body. Studies were considered regardless of country of origin, health care setting, or sociocultural setting.

Methods:

CINAHL, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, MEDLINE, and Embase were searched in June 2018 and OpenGrey, Dissertation Abstracts International, and Google Scholar were searched in November 2018. The searches were limited to articles in English, and the date range was from the inception of the database to the current date. Data were extracted from the studies using a custom data extraction tool. Once tools were identified for analysis, they were coded using the table format developed by Cieza and colleagues.

Results:

There were 702 unique tools identified, with 651 of them available to be coded for the ICF. There were 385 ICF codes used when coding the tools. From these codes, the percentage of codes of the defining attributes of movement and mobility that were covered could be calculated, as well as the percentage of tool items that were linked to the antecedents, consequences, or defining attributes of movement or mobility.

Conclusions:

Although there are many tools that measure only movement or mobility, there are many that measure a mixture of the defining attributes as well as the antecedents and consequences. The tool name alone should not be considered a guarantee of the concept measured, and tool selection should be done with a critical eye. This study provides a starting point from which clinicians and researchers can find tools that measure the concepts of movement and mobility of interest and importance to their patient population.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Ganciclovir and Oral Valganciclovir in a Pediatric Population To Optimize Dosing Regimens
Authors: Nguyen T. , Oualha M. , Briand C. , Bendavid M. , Béranger A. , Benaboud S. , Tréluyer J.-M. , Zheng Y. , Foissac F. , Winter S. , Gana I. , Boujaafar S. , Lopez V. , Berthaud R. , Demir Z. , Bouazza N. , Hirt D.
Published: December 2020

Ganciclovir is indicated for curative or preventive treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. This study aimed to characterize ganciclovir pharmacokinetics, following intravenous ganciclovir and oral valganciclovir administration, to optimize dosing schemes.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus salivarius KZ-NCB, Isolated from Chicken Cecum
Authors: Kirillov Saveliy , Daniyarov Asset , Turgimbayeva Aigerim , Ramankulov Yerlan , Kalendar Ruslan , Abeldenov Sailau
Published: December 2020

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Lactobacillus salivarius
strain KZ-NCB, which was isolated from the cecum of a healthy chicken from a poultry farm in Kazakhstan.
Detection of Five
mcr-9
-Carrying
Enterobacterales
Isolates in Four Czech Hospitals
Authors: Bitar Ibrahim , Papagiannitsis Costas C. , Kraftova Lucie , Chudejova Katerina , Mattioni Marchetti Vittoria , Hrabak Jaroslav
Published: December 2020

Infections caused by carbapenemase-producing bacteria have led to the revival of polymyxins as the “last-resort” antibiotic. Since 2016, several reports describing the presence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes,
mcr
, in different host species and geographic areas were published.
Full-length transcriptome analysis and identification of genes involved in asarinin and aristolochic acid biosynthesis in medicinal plant Asarum sieboldii
Authors: Chen Chen , Shi Xinwei , Zhou Tao , Li Weimin , Li Sifeng , Bai Guoqing
Published: December 2020

Asarum sieboldii, a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal herb, is used for curing inflammation and ache. It contains both the bioactive ingredient asarinin and the toxic compound aristolochic acid. To address further breeding demand, genes involved in the biosynthetic pathways of asarinin and aristolochic acid should be explored. Therefore, the full-length transcriptome of A. sieboldii was sequenced using PacBio Iso-Seq to determine the candidate transcripts that encode the biosynthetic enzymes of asarinin and aristolochic acid. In this study, 63 023 full-length transcripts were generated with an average length of 1371 bp from roots, stems, and leaves, of which 49 593 transcripts (78.69%) were annotated against public databases. Furthermore, 555 alternative splicing (AS) events, 10 869 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as well as their 11 291 target genes, and 17 909 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified. The data also revealed 97 candidate transcripts related to asarinin metabolism, of which six novel genes that encoded enzymes involved in asarinin biosynthesis were initially reported. In addition, 56 transcripts related to aristolochic acid biosynthesis were also identified, including CYP81B. In summary, these transcriptome data provide a useful resource to study gene function and genetic engineering in A. sieboldii.
The thermal properties of the mixed spin-1/2, 1, 3/2 Ising model on the Bethe lattice
Authors: Kple J. , Albayrak E. , Hontinfinde F.
Published: December 2020

A triple mixed-spin Ising system defined on the Bethe lattice is numerically investigated by means of exact recursion relations (ERRs) calculations. The lattice is constituted by three types of magnetic atoms A, B, C with spins [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] respectively arranged in the form ABCABC. The effects of bilinear exchange and crystal-field interactions as well as those of thermal fluctuations on the order parameters and phase diagrams are thoroughly studied and specified. First-order transitions and tricritical points are present for the coordination number [Formula: see text] whereas at [Formula: see text] they are absent. Global compensation phenomena are absent for the magnetic system. Instead, it is shown that it can only occur between the sublattice magnetizations B and C of the system. Several novel kinds of reentrance of the phase boundaries while varying the values of model parameters have been reported.
Does financing behavior of SME entrepreneurs of Bangladesh follow capital structure theory? An investigation into Pecking Order Theory
Authors: Ali Md. Rostam , Ahmed Rustom Ali , Tisha Rushafa Tasnim , Islam Md. Ashikul
Published: December 2020

This study attempts to investigate whether the financing preferences of small and medium enterprises (SMEs)’ entrepreneurs of Bangladesh follow capital structure theory by investigating into Pecking Order Theory (POT). For this study, cross-sectional primary data have been collected through questionnaire. The answers of the questions have been measured through five points Likert Scale. The scores were analyzed using mean score. To analyze the data, some descriptive statistics have been used. Besides, one sample one tail [Formula: see text]-test has been applied to test the hypotheses. The study finds that the entrepreneurs themselves do not believe that there is an information asymmetry in debt market. But their perception regarding debt market ascertained the presence of the information asymmetry between SME sector (entrepreneurs of SME) and the debt market (banks). The answers of respondents are statistically significant that they want to use the retained profits first, bank loan as second and want to issue external equity (taking partner/s) as a third option among these three alternatives of additional financing. This tendency of the respondents towards financing is consistent with POT. Therefore, Government policy for motivating SMEs to keep formal accounting should be introduced to reduce the information asymmetry in debt market along with taking proper initiatives to increase accessibility of SMEs to institutional credit.
Incorporating Variability in Lean Manufacturing: A Fuzzy Value Stream Mapping Approach
Authors: Liu Qingqi , Yang Hualong
Published: December 2020

In this paper, value stream mapping (VSM) is integrated with fuzzy set theory to incorporate variability and uncertainty in the lean production system. VSM is one of the primary analytical tools for identifying waste and optimizing a production line. However, the standard VSM fails to consider the variability in manufacturing environments, which is, in fact, one of the root causes of waste. Therefore, this article proposes fuzzy VSM to overcome this weakness. Two alternative forms of fuzzy numbers, triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) and normal fuzzy numbers (NFNs), are applied, respectively, to depict time intervals, inventories, and other operating variables in VSM. An industrial case for assessing the validity of the proposed approaches is presented. Both approaches make it possible to incorporate and analyze variability in VSM and can be easily applied to industrial cases, as they only require basic algebraic operations. The obtained results are compared and the choice between TFNs and NFNs is discussed accordingly. A triangular fuzzy VSM tends to overestimate the variability of the process in complex production environment with complicated operational processes. However, it permits a more accurate description of variation in the environment where the optimistic and pessimistic values have very different variations from the core.
Proteomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins in the Placenta of Anticardiolipin Antibody‐ (ACA‐) Positive Pregnant Mice after Anzi Heji Treatment
Authors: Xie Yazhen , Lu Qibin
Published: December 2020

Anzi Heji (AZHJ) has been used to treat anticardiolipin antibody‐ (ACA‐) positive pregnant women at risk of spontaneous abortion for many years. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective mechanism of AZHJ in a mouse model of ACA‐positive pregnancy at risk of spontaneous abortion using label‐free quantitative proteomics. Mice were divided into three groups: normal pregnant mice (control group), ACA‐positive pregnant mice administered normal saline (model group), and ACA‐positive pregnant mice administered AZHJ (AZHJ group). The model was established by injecting β2‐glycoprotein I (GPI) into mice for 18 days. The DEPs and their functions were analyzed by label‐free quantitative proteomic and bioinformatic analyses. The levels of IL‐6, IL‐10, ACA, and TNF‐α in the serum and placentas of the mice were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Proteomic data were validated by western blot analysis. The abnormal serum and placental levels of IL‐6, ACA, and TNF‐α in the model group were reversed by AZHJ. There were 39 upregulated and 10 downregulated DEPs in the AZHJ group relative to the model group. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the DEPs were mainly involved in nucleic acid binding, signal conduction, and posttranslational modification. The placental levels of T‐cell immunoglobulin mucin 3 (Tim‐3) and Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and AKT phosphorylation in the three groups were consistent with the proteomic findings. Tim‐3/AKT signaling is involved in maternal‐fetal immune tolerance, while TLR4 is associated with inflammatory responses. Collectively, these results indicate that AZHJ may exert its protective effect in ACA‐positive pregnant mice by regulating the maternal‐fetal immune tolerance and inflammatory response.
Tai Chi and Qigong Practices for Chronic Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Chen Xiankun , Savarese Gianluigi , Cai Yiyi , Ma Liuling , Lundborg Cecilia Stålsby , Jiang Wei , Wen Zehuai , Lu Weihui , Marrone Gaetano
Published: December 2020

Background. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have assessed the role of Tai Chi and Qigong Practices (TQPs) in managing chronic heart failure (CHF). They have included broad variations in comparators, sample sizes, and results. This study evaluates existing RCTs for evidence of TQPs rehabilitation effects for CHF. Methods. Both English and Chinese databases were searched from their inception to October 23, 2019. RCTs were included if they compared the addition of TQPs into routine managements (RMs) to RMs alone or compared TQPs to general exercise, with RMs as a consistent cointervention in both groups. Data were screened and extracted independently using predesigned forms. RCT quality was assessed with the Cochrane tool. The primary outcomes were peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), 6‐minute walking distance (6MWD), and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). Mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed with an I2 statistic. Results. A total of 33 RCTs with 2,465 patients were included in the systematic review. Compared to the RMs alone, TQPs plus RMs improved VO2peak (MD: 1.24 mL/kg/min, 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.57; I2 = 0%), 6MWD (MD: 59.63 meters, 95% CI, 43.35 to 75.90 I2 = 88%), and MLHFQ (MD: −8.63 scores; 95% CI, −10.60 to ‐6.67; I2 = 94%). Compared to general exercise, superior improvements were found in the TQP group; they were significant in MLHFQ (MD: −9.18 scores; 95% CI, −17.95 to −0.41; I2 = 86%), but not in VO2peak or 6MWD. Evidence was also found of TQPs’ safety and high adherence. Conclusions. Considering that there are low costs, multiple physical benefits, and no equipment required, TQPs are a promising rehabilitation therapy, as an adjunct to routine pharmacotherapies or as an alternative to conventional exercises, especially in home‐based settings.
Comparison of Ocular Biometry Profiles in Urban and Rural Cataract Candidates in Eastern China
Authors: Liu Hui , Xu Zequan , Qian Zhuyun , Liang Jianheng , Wei Kunqiao , Zu Lipiya , Chen Xu
Published: December 2020

Purpose. To compare ocular biometric parameters between urban and rural cataract patients in Shanghai, China. Methods. A study of ocular biometry records from urban and rural hospitals was performed for cataract patients at least 50 years of age. The ocular biometrical parameters, which were measured with partial coherence laser interferometry (IOL Master, Zeiss), were axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), radius of corneal curvature (K, including steep/flat/average K), astigmatism, and axis. Only the right eye record of each patient was analysed. Results. Ocular biometric data included 2839 urban patients (73.15 ± 9.54 years) and 2646 rural patients (73.64 ± 7.32 years). Mean AL, ACD, and K were 24.35 ± 2.34 mm, 3.14 ± 0.58 mm, and 44.38 ± 1.52 D, respectively, in urban patients and 23.58 ± 1.70 mm, 3.08 ± 0.57 mm, and 44.53 ± 1.50 D, respectively, in rural patients. The urban subjects had significantly longer axial lengths (in both univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses) and deeper ACDs (in univariate analysis) than rural subjects

p
<
0.01

. There was no significant difference in steep K, flat K, and average K between the two groups. With-the-rule (WTR) corneal astigmatism was found in 1787 eyes (32.58%), against-the-rule (ATR) corneal astigmatism was found in 2727 eyes (49.72%), and oblique corneal astigmatism was found in 971 eyes (17.70%). Conclusions. We report biometry and astigmatism data in a large cohort of urban and rural adult subjects for the first time. In our study, a short AL, shallow ACD, and axis turned in an ATR direction had higher prevalence rates in the rural subjects. This profile of ocular biometric data and corneal astigmatism will be helpful in planning for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations and astigmatism correction in subjects in different locations.