bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Art of Modeling Stellar Mergers and the Case of the B[e] Supergiant R4 in the Small Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Wu Samantha , Everson Rosa Wallace , Schneider Fabian R. N. , Podsiadlowski Philipp , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico
Published: September 2020

Most massive stars exchange mass with a companion, leading to evolution which is altered drastically from that expected of stars in isolation. Such systems result from unusual binary evolution pathways and can place stringent constraints on the physics of these interactions. We use the R4 binary system’s B[e] supergiant, which has been postulated to be the product of a stellar merger, to guide our understanding of such outcomes by comparing observations of R4 to the results of simulating a merger with the 3D hydrodynamics code FLASH. Our approach tailors the simulation initial conditions to observed properties of R4 and implements realistic stellar profiles from the 1D stellar evolution code MESA onto the 3D grid, resolving the merger inspiral to within 0.02 R
⊙. We map the merger remnant into MESA to track its evolution on the H-R diagram over a period of 104 yr. This generates a model for a B[e] supergiant with stellar properties, age, and nebula structure in qualitative agreement with those of the R4 system. Our calculations provide evidence to support the idea that R4's B[e] supergiant was originally a member of a triple system in which the inner binary merged after its most massive member evolved off the main sequence, producing a new object of similar mass but significantly more luminosity than the A supergiant companion. The code framework presented in this paper, which was constructed to model tidal encounters, can be used to generate accurate models of a wide variety of merger stellar remnants.
HST Proper Motions of NGC 147 and NGC 185: Orbital Histories and Tests of a Dynamically Coherent Andromeda Satellite Plane
Authors: Sohn Sangmo Tony , Patel Ekta , Fardal Mark A. , Besla Gurtina , van der Marel Roeland P. , Geha Marla , Guhathakurta Puragra
Published: September 2020

We present the first proper-motion (PM) measurements for the dwarf elliptical galaxies NGC 147 and NGC 185, two satellite galaxies of M31, using multiepoch Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging data with time baselines of ∼8 yr. For each galaxy, we take an error-weighted average of measurements from HST Advanced Camera for Surveys/WFC and Wide Field Camera 3/UVIS to determine the PMs. Our final results for the PMs are (μ
W, μ
N)N147 = (−0.0232, 0.0378) ± (0.0143, 0.0146) mas yr−1 for NGC 147 and (μ
W, μ
N)N185 = (−0.0242, 0.0058) ± (0.0141, 0.0147) mas yr−1 for NGC 185. The 2D direction of motion for NGC 147 about M31 is found to be aligned with its tidal tails. The 3D positions and velocities of both galaxies are transformed into a common M31-centric coordinate system to study the detailed orbital histories of the combined M31+NGC 147+NGC 185 system via numerical orbit integration. We find that NGC 147 (NGC 185) had its closest passage to M31 0.3–0.5 Gyr (≳1.6 Gyr) within the past 6 Gyr at distances of ∼70 kpc (70–260 kpc). The pericentric times of NGC 147/NGC 185 correlate qualitatively well with the presence/absence of tidal tails seen around the galaxies. Our PMs show that the orbital poles of NGC 147, as well as NGC 185, albeit to a lesser degree, agree within the uncertainties with the normal of the Great Plane of Andromeda (GPoA). These are the first measurements of the 3D angular momentum vector of any satellite identified as original GPoA members. Our results strengthen the hypothesis that the GPoA may be a dynamically coherent entity. We revisit previous claims that NGC 147 and NGC 185 are binary galaxies and conclude that it is very unlikely that the two galaxies were ever gravitationally bound to each other.
The mitochondrial genomes of 11 aquatic macroinvertebrate species from Cyprus
Authors: Macher Jan-Niklas , Drakou Katerina , Papatheodoulou Athina , Hoorn Berry van der , Vasquez Marlen
Published: September 2020

Aquatic macroinvertebrates are often identified, based on morphology, but molecular approaches like DNA barcoding, metabarcoding and metagenomics are increasingly used for species identification. These approaches require the availability of DNA references deposited in public databases. Here we report the mitochondrial genomes of 11 aquatic macroinvertebrate species from Cyprus, a European Union island country in the Mediterranean. Only three species could be provisionally assigned to a binomial species name, highlighting the current lack of molecular references for aquatic macroinvertebrates from Cyprus.

Graphical Abstract
Exotic-looking Neotropical Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) and their host plants
Authors: Stonis Jonas R. , Diškus Arūnas , Remeikis Andrius , Solis M. Alma , Katinas Liliana
Published: September 2020

Seven new species of Tischeriidae are described from the Neotropics: Astrotischeria jociui Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. (feeding on Wissadula excelsior (Cav.) C. Presl., Malvaceae), A. atlantica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. (feeding on Baccharis spicata (Lam.) Baill., Asteraceae), A. cornuata Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. (host plant unknown), Paratischeria guarani Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. (feeding on Elephantopus mollis Kunth, Asteraceae), P. mesoamericana Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. (feeding on Montanoa hibiscifolia Benth., Asteraceae), P. suprafasciata Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. (feeding on Allophyllus edulis (A. St.-Hil., A. Juss. & Cambess.) Hieron. ex Niederl., Sapindaceae), and P. braziliensis Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. (host plant unknown). Additionally, an updated distribution map of Paratischeria neotropicana (Diškus & Stonis, 2015), which currently has the broadest distribution range among the Neotropical Tischeriidae is provided along with new host-plant data, a list of all recorded host plants in the Neotropics, and a brief discussion on trophic relationships of Tischeriidae. It is hypothesized that host-plant distribution ranges can provide clues to potential distribution ranges of these specialized, monophagous or oligophagous, leaf miners. All new taxa are illustrated with photographs of the adults, their genitalia, and, if available, leaf mines.
A new species of Galleria Fabricius (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) from Korea based on molecular and morphological characters
Authors: Roh Seung Jin , Park Haechul , Kim Seong-Hyun , Kim So-Yun , Choi Yong-Su , Song Jeong-Hun
Published: September 2020

The greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella Linnaeus, is well known as a pest of honey bees and for the biodegradation of wax and polyethylene by their larvae. The genus Galleria has long been considered monotypic and found worldwide. A taxonomic study of the genus Galleria is presented based on morphological and molecular characters (COI, CAD, wg). A new species (Galleria similis Roh & Song, sp. nov.) is recognized on the Korean peninsula. The new species is superficially similar to G. mellonella but they can be separated by the structures of hindwing venation and male genitalia. Habitus photographs and illustrations of diagnostic characters are provided.
The Effect of Total Hip Arthroplasty Surgical Technique on Postoperative Muscle Atrophy
Authors: Vasarhelyi Edward M. , Williams Harley A. , Howard James L. , Petis Stephen , Barfett Joseph , Lanting Brent A.
Published: September 2020

A variety of surgical approaches are used for total hip arthroplasty (THA). Controversy still exists regarding whether the direct anterior approach truly minimizes muscle damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of surgical approach for THA on muscle atrophy quantified through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The study included 25 hips in patients with a mean age of 64.72±8.35 years who underwent a primary unilateral THA for severe osteoarthritis. Patients were grouped according to surgical approach: direct anterior (n=9), direct lateral (n=9), and posterior (n=7). Magnetic resonance images were collected at the 24-week postoperative time point to assess atrophy/fatty infiltration of the hip musculature. All MRIs were assessed by a fellowship-trained radiologist who was blinded to all clinical information. There were no significant differences preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively between the surgical approach groups in terms of patient-reported outcome measures (
P
>.05). Significant differences in fatty infiltration differences between surgical approaches were observed in the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, iliacus, obturator externus, obturator internus, pectineus, psoas, quadratus femoris, sartorius, and vastus intermedius (
P
<.05). The direct anterior approach to THA resulted in less atrophy of the hip musculature compared with a direct lateral or posterior approach; however, there were no differences in patient-reported clinical outcome scores at 1 year between the surgical approaches. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(6):361–366.]
Early-Onset Scoliosis Treated With Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods
Authors: Calderaro Cosma , Labianca Luca , Dolan Lori A. , Yamashita Kazuta , Weinstein Stuart L.
Published: September 2020

The recently developed magnetically controlled growing rod (MCGR) system has gained popularity because it limits additional surgical lengthening procedures and promises reduction of the complication rate previously reported for the traditional growing rods. A retrospective single-center study was performed. Demographic and complications data were recorded. A statistical analysis was conducted to quantify the effect of MCGR placement and of subsequent lengthening on the Cobb angle, T1-T12 kyphosis, and the distances from T1-T12 and T1-S1. Twenty-four patients met the inclusion criteria. Six had idiopathic scoliosis and 18 patients had nonidiopathic scoliosis (neuromuscular and syndromic scoliosis). Nine patients underwent primary MCGR placement, and 15 had the traditional growing rods removed and replaced with MCGRs. The mean age at surgery and at last follow-up was 6.3 years and 8.8 years, respectively. The mean follow-up was 29.2 months. The MCGR placement significantly reduced the Cobb angle and kyphosis by an average of 21.33° and 10.79°, respectively. The T1-T12 and the T1-S1 distances increased an average of 1.19 and 1.89 cm/year, respectively, during the follow-up period. The average percentage of achieved-to-intended distraction was 65% on the concave side and 68% on the convex side at last follow-up. There were 9 postoperative complications in 8 (33%) patients, 6 of whom had nonidiopathic scoliosis. The MCGR system is reliable and effective in the treatment of patients affected by early-onset scoliosis. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(6):e601–e608.]
Combinatorics of some fifth and sixth order mock theta functions
Authors: Rana Meenakshi , Sharma Shruti
Published: September 2020

The goal of this paper is to provide a new combinatorial meaning to two fifth order and four sixth order mock theta functions. Lattice paths of Agarwal and Bressoud with certain modifications are used as a tool to study these functions.
Viscosity robust weak Galerkin finite element methods for Stokes problems
Authors: Wang Bin , Mu Lin
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we develop a viscosity robust weak Galerkin finite element scheme for Stokes equations. The major idea for achieving pressure-independent energy-error estimate is to use a divergence preserving velocity reconstruction operator in the discretization of the right hand side body force. The optimal convergence results for velocity and pressure have been established in this paper. Finally, numerical examples are presented for validating the theoretical conclusions.
MORPHOLOGICAL, MECHANICAL, THERMAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS: RECYCLED LDPE COMPOSITES FILLED BY BLAST FURNACE DUST
Authors: Tuna Kayili Merve , Çelebi Gülser , Guldas Abdulmecit
Published: September 2020

This study focused on developing a sustainable composite material using metallic wastes of the iron-steel industry and plastic wastes of the plastic industry in order to reduce resultant waste from the production processes of various industrial products and to sustain waste management of these industries. In this study, different amounts of blast furnace dust (BFD), which is the major iron-steel industry waste and is used as filler for recycled low-density polyethylene (LDPE), was mixed with LDPE to produce the composite material. The morphology, mechanical, vicat softening temperature thermal conductivity, hardness and wear resistance properties of BFD filled LDPE composites were assessed. The increasing of BFD in recycled LDPE improved the heat resistance, increased thermal conductivity and wear resistance of composite materials. In addition, it was found that the composite materials had sufficient mechanical properties, when mechanical tests were evaluated. These results showed that the produced composite material could be used in buildings as a floor coating material and thereby saving raw materials and resources, as well as potentially reducing environmental problems.
BAMBOO CANOPY: TOWARDS A LIGHT CONSTRUCTION OF BAMBOO
Authors: Wang Yifan , Chun Qing
Published: September 2020

Despite the abundance of highly sustainable bamboo, people tend to overlook its structural performance for construction purposes. This paper therefore explores the potential of bamboo architecture to develop light-weight building systems and also to create an effect of lightness. Developed by a team at the School of Architecture of Southeast University, Bamboo Canopy is an outdoor stage canopy in Anji, China, that pushes the boundaries of bamboo as a material for building woven gridshell structure. The work is designed as a long-lifespan bamboo structure, with the design team and locals participating in its construction. Positioned on a public stage, Bamboo Canopy experiments with the combination of sustainable construction and local craftsmanship to produce a highly engaging architectural intervention that activates the existing place. With its wing-like form, it invites visitors to join the performance scene—as they approach the shell, the structure reveals itself—with a 12.4-metre span and 6-metre roof overhang, the canopy covers more than 150 square metres with only 1.2 square metres touching the ground. Through analysing the form, structure and details of this experimental project, this paper clarifies not only the potentiality but also the feasibilities in using bamboo for light construction.
CONSUMPTION-BASED AND EMBODIED CARBON IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR APEC’S LOW-CARBON MODEL TOWN PROJECT
Authors: Ness David A. , Xing Ke
Published: September 2020

In accordance with international protocols and directions, the APEC Energy Working Group has concentrated on constraining operational energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in cities across the Asia Pacific, especially from the widespread consumption of fossil fuels. In addition to economy level policies and recognising the different characteristics within the region, APEC has sought to take action at the town/city level via the Low-Carbon Model Town (LCMT) project, including the development of self-assessment tools and indicator systems. However, the “low carbon” landscape is changing. There is increasing recognition of embodied carbon, accompanied by the emergence of methods for its measurement, while the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group has recently highlighted the significance of consumption-based carbon. Similarly, the Greenhouse Gas Protocol for Cities (GPC) is likely to extend its ambit from Scope 1 GHG emissions, derived from energy use within a city boundaries, and Scope 2 emissions from grid-supplied electricity, heating and / or cooling, to Scope 3 emissions derived from materials and goods produced outside the boundaries of a city but associated with construction within that city. After describing these emerging approaches and the current landscape, the paper examines the significance and implications of these changes for APEC approaches, especially in relation to the LCMT project, its indicators and the varying characteristics of towns and cities within the Asia-Pacific region. Special attention is given to the built environment, which is known to be a major contributor to operational and embodied emissions. Consistent with the theme of the Asia-Pacific Energy Sustainable Development Forum covering “sustainable development of energy and the city,” a case is put forward for the current APEC approach to be extended to encompass both embodied and consumption-based emissions.
Structural Health Monitoring of Steel Frame Structure by Experimental Modal Parameter Identification
Authors: Ahmed Bulbul , Dinu Florea , Marginean Ioan
Published: September 2020

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a modern technique f
or
damage
identification
in the e
xis
ting structure. The structural stiffness, frequency, damping, and dominant mode shapes represent the actual operating conditions of the structure. The main principle of structural health monitoring is
to
identif
y
the
mod
al parameters from experime
ntal resu
lts
both
damaged and undamaged conditions.
Damage is much effective to decrease stiffness and strength of structural components and it changes dynamic behaviour and damping ratio of whole structures. Bruel & Kjaer experi
mental modal analys
is technique is r
ecently used for civil engineering structures for modal parameters estimation. The paper describes the initial structural
health monitoring
of a steel frame
.
The modal parameters were estimated for undamaged condition
s
a
nd these result
s are
verified and up
dated by the numerical FEM tool SAP2000. For the
undamaged
structure
,
mode shapes and frequencies were calibrated properly. In the second step, damaged was initiated by dismantling one element from the lower part of the
frame. The estimat
ed m
odal parameter
s were compared to the initial one. The mode shapes and frequencies are quite different for some specific mode due to damage
initiation
. One extra mode was created for the damaged frame due to damage initiation. The 4

th

mode was not found f
or
the initial m
easurement because of presence of lower beam. Lower beam restraints the 4

th

mode and the frame behaves more flexible.
Keywords:
SHM
,
Modal parameters, FEM modelling, Damage characterization, Experimental mo
dal analysis
(EMA)
.
Studies on Friction Stir Welding of AA2014, AA6082 and AA7075 Simillar and Dissimillar Joints
Authors: Gunasekaran P. , Thilagham K.T. , Noorullah D.
Published: September 2020

The joining of similar and dissimilar AA2014, AA6068 and AA7075 aluminium plates of 6mm thickness was carried out by friction stir welding (FSW) technique. FSW of Aluminium to Aluminium has caught significant consideration from assembling industries, such as Shipbuilding, Automotive, Railway and Aircraft generation. Here, the chosen process parameters are tilt angle (2º), tool rotation speed (900rpm) and transverse feed of (80mm/min) at constant axial force 2kN. An attempt was made to join the similar and dissimilar aluminium plate of 6 mm thickness with a conical tapered tool profile. Then, the effect of welding speed on microstructures, hardness distribution and tensile properties of the welded similar and dissimilar joints AA2014, AA6068 and AA7075 were investigated.
Resource Provisioning Based Scheduling Framework for Execution of Virtual Machine in Heterogeneous Environment in Cloud Computing
Authors: Ashish Maheta , Khanna Samrat V.O.
Published: September 2020

Cloud computing is provides resource allocation which facilitates the cloud resource provider responsible to the cloud consumers. The main objective of resource manager is to assign the dynamic resource to the task in the execution and measures response time, execution cost, resource utilization and system performance. The resource manager is optimizing the resource and measure the completion time for assign resource. The resource manager is also measure to execute the resource in the optimal way to complete the task in minimum completion time. The virtualization is techniques mandatory to allocate the dynamic resource depends on the users need. There are also green computing techniques involved for enhanced the no of server. The skewness is basically used to enhance the quality of service using the various parameters. The proposed algorithms are considered to allocate the cloud resource as per the users requirement. The advantage of proposed algorithm is to view the analysis of cpu utilization and also reduced the memory usage.
Effect of Surface Modification and Fibre Content on the Mechanical Properties of Coconut Fibre Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Hettiarachchi Chirath , Thamarajah Gobithas
Published: September 2020

In the past few decades, concrete has been the most widely used material for structural applications in the world and uses steel reinforcement as aide to meet the flexural, tensile and ductility demands required of concrete structures. Manufacturing of concrete and steel reinforced concrete structures is associated with millions of tons of carbon dioxide emissions and mineral waste. This activity is also responsible for the depletion of a large number of non-renewable resources. Reinforcing steel is also a high cost material, consumes a lot of energy in its production. Consequently, the use of natural fibres as an alternative for steel reinforcement is widely investigated, to promote the use of sustainable concrete structures. This study aims to investigate the effect on durability, flexural, compressive, tensile properties and workability of concrete by incorporating coir fibre at varying fibre content to find the fibre content which gives optimum results. The fibre contents used were 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% by weight of cement. Furthermore, the effect of modifying the surface of the coir fibres by alkali treatment (i.e. 5 wt.% NaOH solution) and coating the fibres with epoxy paint and polyurethane varnish on coir fibre reinforced concrete (CFRC) were also investigated. Tests conducted on the CFRC specimens included slump test and flexural, compressive and tensile strength tests. Water absorption and sorptivity tests were also conducted to investigate the durability. Slump (workability) and unit weight reduced with an increase in fibre content. The surface modification methods used, had resulted in an increased workability and a reduced unit-weight. A coconut fibre content of 1% produced the best combination of flexural, tensile and compressive properties. Water absorption and sorption rate per unit time, increased with an increase of coir fibre content. It is also found that epoxy paint and alkali treatment of the fibres has a positive effect on the mechanical strength properties and also the durability and workability of the CFRC specimens. However, polyurethane varnish coating had a detrimental effect on the mechanical strength properties of the CFRC specimens.
Recipes of Knitting Systems Alkaline Activation Using Natural Raw Materials of the Chechen Republic
Authors: Salamanova Madina , Bataev Dena , Uzayeva Aminat , Gacayev Zurab
Published: September 2020

The alkaline clinker-free binders formulations activation development based on fine powders of aluminosilicate nature will allow to obtain the effective building composites. The paper reveals the issues related to the theoretical foundations of the cement stone structure and strength formation based on the alkaline activator. The research results, in our opinion, are undoubtedly of practical importance for the construction industry, since the proposed recipes for clinker-free cements will replace the expensive and energy-consuming Portland cement, allowing to create strong and durable concrete and reinforced concrete structures. The results presented in this article have been obtained in the framework of research on the implementation of scientific project No. 05. 607.21.0320. “Development of technology for new building composites on clinker-free alkaline binders using substandard natural and secondary raw materials” which received support from the federal target program “Research and Development in Priority Directions for the Development of the Russian Science and Technology Complex for 2014-2020”. The unique identifier for the agreement is RFMTFI60719X0320.
The Cement Mechanical Activation Effective Application Field Determination
Authors: Kabanov Vadim
Published: September 2020

Of all the known methods for increasing the cement activity, mechanical grinding is distinguished in the work. For mechanical grinding, technological characteristics of grinding in an electromagnetic field are established (mill - linear induction rotator, LIV). The value of the increment of activity is determined depending on its initial (initial) value. To determine the estimated value of the cement consumption, the methods provided by the state standard of the Russian Federation were used. The experiments, as well as the measurement of the compressive strength (R), were carried out in accordance with the GOST requirements. The cement mechanical grinding effective application field in electromagnetic field is determined by comparing the costs and savings. The costs are calculated as the cost of electricity needed for grinding. The savings are the cost of the established difference between the cement consumption for the initial activity of cement and the actual value, which is able to provide the concrete with a given design strength. The results describing the field of the cement mechanical grinding effective application are presented in tabular form and graphically. When determining the area of ​​ the mechanical grinding effective use, the conclusion that it is necessary to adjust the technological grinding regimes depending on the initial activity of the cement, as well as on the chemical composition of the clinker (manufacturer) was confirmed. The prospects for the research on mechanical grinding technology are associated with obtaining grinding regimes depending on the initial size and composition of the clinker. The area of ​​effective application of mechanical activation should be determined each time depending on the physical and mechanical cement properties.
Pressed Composites Based on Gypsum and Magnesia Binders Modified with Secondary Resources
Authors: Kaklyugin A. , Stupen Nonna , Kastornykh Lubov , Kovalenko Viktor
Published: September 2020

The results of the studies aimed at increasing the water resistance of the pressed building materials based on gypsum and magnesia binders due to their modification with active dispersed fillers from secondary resources are presented. The gypsum binder modification was carried out by the joint introduction of carbonate-containing sludge from it into the chemical treatment of thermal power plants and monoammonium phosphate, and of magnesia cement - silica fume and finely ground burnt mines.
Physical and mechanical characteristics of the materials’ control samples were determined according to the standards and generally accepted methods. The increase in water resistance of the pressed modified composites was evaluated by changing the softening coefficient. It is shown that when using gypsum binders, an increase in the water resistance of products based on them can be achieved by changing the structure formation of the pressed material and the formation on the elements’ surface of its fine-crystalline structure of the sparingly soluble calcium phosphates’ screening protective films.
The increase in water resistance of pressed products made of modified magnesia binders is explained by the appearance of insoluble hydro silicates, hydro aluminates and hydro aluminosilicates of magnesium, in the structure of the hardened artificial stone as well as the formation of a complex combined structure containing coagulation, condensation and crystallization phases. The technical characteristics of the materials obtained are sufficient for their use, in particular, in the building envelope.
The possibility of replacing a significant amount of binders with secondary resources has been identified. This allows not only to increase the water resistance of the pressed products on the basis of the proposed modified binders, but also to reduce their cost, as well as free up the land allocated for dumps.
Extracellular miR-146a-5p Induces Cardiac Innate Immune Response and Cardiomyocyte Dysfunction
Authors: Shimada Briana K , Yang Yang , Zhu Jing , Wang Sheng , Suen Andrew , Kronstadt Stephanie M , Jeyaram Anjana , Jay Steven M , Zou Lin , Chao Wei
Published: September 2020

Previous studies have demonstrated that transient myocardial ischemia leads to release of cellular nucleic acids such as RNA. Extracellular RNA reportedly plays a pivotal role in myocardial inflammation and ischemic injury in animals. RNA profiling has identified that numerous microRNA (miRNAs), such as ss–miR-146a-5p, are upregulated in plasma following myocardial ischemia, and certain uridine-rich miRNAs exhibit strong proinflammatory effects in immune cells via ssRNA-sensing mechanism. However, the effect of extracellular miRNAs on myocardial inflammation and cardiac cell function remains unknown. In this study, we treated adult mouse cardiomyocytes with miR-146a-5p loaded in extracellular vesicles and observed a dose- and TLR7-dependent production of CXCL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α. In vivo, a single dose of myocardial injection of miR-146a-5p induced both cytokine expression (CXCL2, IL-6, and TNF-α) and innate immune cell activation (CD45+ leukocytes, Ly6Cmid+ monocytes, Ly6G+ neutrophils), which was significantly attenuated in the hearts of TLR7 KO mice. We discovered that conditioned media from miR-146a–treated macrophages stimulated proinflammatory cytokine production in adult cardiomyocytes and significantly inhibited their sarcomere shortening. Finally, using an electric cell impedance–sensing assay, we found that the conditioned media from miR-146a–treated cardiac fibroblasts or cardiomyocytes impaired the barrier function of coronary artery endothelial cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate that extracellular miR-146a-5p activates multiple cardiac cells and induces myocardial inflammation and cardiomyocyte dysfunction via intercellular interaction and innate immune TLR7 nucleic acid sensing.
Hepcidin Is Essential for Alveolar Macrophage Function and Is Disrupted by Smoke in a Murine Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model
Authors: Perez Elizabeth , Baker Jonathan R. , Di Giandomenico Silvana , Kermani Pouneh , Parker Jacqueline , Kim Kihwan , Yang Jianjun , Barnes Peter J. , Vaulont Sophie , Scandura Joseph M. , Donnelly Louise E. , Stout-Delgado Heather , Cloonan Suzanne M.
Published: September 2020

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating lung disease associated with cigarette smoking. Alterations in local lung and systemic iron regulation are associated with disease progression and pathogenesis. Hepcidin, an iron regulatory peptide hormone, is altered in subjects with COPD; however, the molecular role of hepcidin in COPD pathogenesis remains to be determined. In this study, using a murine model of smoke-induced COPD, we demonstrate that lung and circulating hepcidin levels are inhibited by cigarette smoke. We show that cigarette smoke exposure increases erythropoietin and bone marrow–derived erythroferrone and leads to expanded but inefficient erythropoiesis in murine bone marrow and an increase in ferroportin on alveolar macrophages (AMs). AMs from smokers and subjects with COPD display increased expression of ferroportin as well as hepcidin. Notably, murine AMs exposed to smoke fail to increase hepcidin in response to Gram-negative or Gram-positive infection. Loss of hepcidin in vivo results in blunted functional responses of AMs and exaggerated responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.
How We Manage Smoldering Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Romano Alessandra , Cerchione Claudio , Conticello Concetta , Martinelli Giovanni , Di Raimondo Francesco
Published: September 2020

Smoldering myeloma (SMM) is an asymptomatic stage characterized by bone marrow plasma cells infiltration between 10–60% in absence of myeloma-defining events and organ damage. Until the revision of criteria of MM to require treatment, two main prognostic models, not overlapping each other, were proposed and used differently in Europe and in US. Novel manageable drugs, like lenalidomide and monoclonal antibodies, with high efficacy and limited toxicity, improvement in imaging and prognostication, challenge physicians to offer early treatment to high-risk SMM. Taking advantage from the debates offered by SOHO Italy, in this review we will update the evidence and consequent clinical practices in US and Europe to offer readers a uniform view of clinical approach at diagnosis, follow-up and supportive care in the SMM setting.
How I Manage Frontline Transplant-Eligible Multiple Myeloma in Italy
Authors: Montefusco Vittorio , Martinelli Giovanni , Cerchione Claudio
Published: September 2020

The treatment of transplant-eligible multiple myeloma patients in Italy consists in an induction phase based on bortezomib plus thalidomide plus dexamethasone (VTd), followed by a single or tandem autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), followed by lenalidomide maintenance. This approach offers an overall response rate of 93% and a CR rate of 58% with acceptable toxicity. Lenalidomide maintenance adds a significant increase in disease control, with a progression free survival after ASCT of 53 months, and an overall survival of 86 months. Second primary malignancies represent the most concerning toxicity of lenalidomide maintenance with a 6.9% incidence. However, the benefit in terms of increased myeloma control largely outweigh this complication. The incorporation of daratumumab in this treatment schema will further improve these clinical results.
Practical Advice for South Korean Medical Researchers Regarding Open-Access and Predatory Journals
Authors: Rim Chai Hong
Published: September 2020

In recent decades, the volume of scholarly literature worldwide has increased significantly, and open-access publishing has become commonplace. These changes are even more dominant in South Korea. Comparing the periods of 1981-2000 and 2001-2020, the number of medical articles produced in Korea increased by 16.8 times on the Web of Science platform (13,223 to 222,771 papers). Before 1990, almost no open-access articles were produced in South Korea, but in the last 10 years open-access publications came to account for almost 40% of all South Korean publications on Web of Science. Along with the expansion of literature and the development of open-access publishing, predatory journals that seek profit without conducting quality assurance have appeared and undermined the academic corpus. In this rapidly changing environment, medical researchers have begun contemplating publication standards. In this article, recent trends in academic publishing are examined from international and South Korean perspectives, and the significance of open-access publishing and recent changes are discussed. Practical methods that can be used to select legitimate publishers, including open-access journals, and identify predatory journals are also discussed.
Why 3 and 60 per cent? The rationale of the reference values for fiscal deficits and debt in the European Economic and Monetary Union
Authors: Priewe Jan
Published: September 2020

The origins of the reference values for budget deficits and public debt (3 and 60 per cent of GDP) in the euro area are explored. Both numbers came into the Maastricht Treaty by coincidence. Later attempts to legitimise them are traced and found unconvincing. In particular the debt cap is scrutinised, often considered as a precondition for debt sustainability. Since the first overhaul of the Stability and Growth Pact in 2005, reference values for structural deficits became the focus of fiscal policy, but derived from the 60 per cent debt cap. With the so-called Fiscal Compact from 2012, caps for structural deficits were added to the semi-primary law of the European Union. It is argued that the reference values for deficits and debt are not consistent. If the Domar equation is observed, the changing relationship between interest rates on public debt and output growth should be included in the fiscal policy framework. Therefore ‘eternal’ reference values for deficits and debt should be removed from the primary law by Treaty amendments.
Deltamethrin’in Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782)’nun Solungaç, Karaciğer ve Bağırsak Dokuları Üzerine Histopatolojik Etkilerinin Araştırılması
Authors: GEY Neriman , ERSAN Yusuf
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışma, Deltamethrin uygulanan Carassius gibelio türü balıkların solungaç, karaciğer ve bağırsak dokuları üzerine histopatolojik etkilerini incelenmek amacı ile yapıldı. Araştırmada 60 adet balık, her bir grupta 12 balık bulunan, 5 gruba ayrıldı. Bu gruplardan biri kontrol, diğer dördü deney grubu olarak oluşturuldu. Kontrol grubu hariç, deney gruplarındaki balıklar deltametrinin; 0.48, 0.64, 0.80 ve 0.96 mg/L’lik konsantrasyonlarına maruz bırakıldı. Deney sonunda sakrifiye edilen balıklardan alınan doku örneklerinin tespit ve takip işlemlerinden sonra kesitleri alındı ve bu kesitler Hematoksilen+Eozin (H+E) ile boyanarak histopatolojik değişiklikler incelendi. Deney gruplarındaki balıklarda; solungaç epitel hücrelerinde hipertrofi, epitelin lameller ayrılması ve mukus hücre hipertrofisi; karaciğerde kistik yapılar, vena centralislerin düzensizlikleri ve venlerin, hücrelerin ve diğer elemanların birbirinden ayrılamaması; bağırsaklarda ise lezyonlar, mukus hücre proliferasyonu, ölü villus epiteli ve epitel dejenerasyonu görüldü. Deltamethrin’in Carassius gibelio’nun solungaç, karaciğer ve bağırsak dokuları üzerinde dejeneratif etkilerinin olduğu bulundu. Sonuç olarak Deltamethrin, insan sağlığı ve çevre için çok toksik insektisitlerden biridir. Bu zehirli maddenin kontaminasyonundan sucul ekosistemleri korumak için gerekli önlemler alınmalıdır.
COVID-19 ile İvmelenen Dijitalleşmenin PLM’e Etkileri
Authors: YEŞİLAY Rüstem Barış , FİLİK Alim
Published: September 2020

Çalışma kapsamında COVID-19 salgını ile birlikte hız kazanan dijitalleşme trendinin, Ürün Yaşam Döngüsü Yönetimi (PLM) ile olan potansiyel etkileşimi araştırılmıştır. Konuya dair literatür taraması yapılmış, bu kapsamdaki araştırmalar incelenmiş ve neticesinde COVID-19 ile birlikte başlayan süreç içerisinde dijitalleşmenin kuruluşlar için artık kaçınılmaz olduğu ve dijitalleşmenin PLM ile anlamlı olacağına dair bulgular elde edilmiştir. PLM’in ürün yaşam döngüsü fazları açıklanarak, her fazda dijitalleşmenin etkileri açıklanmıştır. Dijitalleşme, dijital ikiz kavramı ve uygulamalarına değinilmiş ve ürün yaşam döngüsünde etkilediği aşamalar açıklanmıştır. Daha sonra, PLM ve dijitalleşme ilişkisinden bahsedilerek, dijitalleşmenin ürün başlangıcı (BOL), ürün ortası (MOL) ve ürün sonu (EOL) aşamalarında olan etkileri açıklanmıştır. Neticede, anlamlı bir dijitalleşmenin PLM ile mümkün olacağı ve dijitalleşme ile PLM’in birbirini tamamlayan kavramlar olduğundan hareketle, COVID – 19 ile başlayan sürecin PLM konseptinin yaygınlaşmasına ve farkındalığının artmasına katkı sağlayacağını ifade etmek mümkündür.
Культурный ландшафт как объект художественного конструирования: Сахалин А. П. Чехова и И. Н. Краснова
Authors: Golovneva Elena V. , Martishina Natalia I.
Published: September 2020

В статье показана взаимодополнительность различных видов познания при изучении культурного ландшафта. Авторы полагают, что первичное формирование художественного и связанного с ним мифологического компонентов культурного ландшафта Сахалина оказало важное влияние на образ территории, закрепив определенную ценностно-смысловую структуру представлений о Сахалине. В качестве материалов, посредством которых формировался первичный образ Сахалина, рассмотрено произведение А.П. Чехова «Остров Сахалин», написанное по итогам посещения острова писателем летом – осенью 1890 г. Анализируется также фотографический альбом И.Н. Краснова «Виды острова Сахалин», созданный на рубеже XIX–XX вв., материалы которого в данной работе впервые вводятся в научный оборот. Выделены базовые идеи художественного образа Сахалина, обозначенные А.П. Чеховым и поддержанные визуальным выражением в фотографиях И.Н. Краснова: Сахалин как изолированная территория, попадание на которую имеет характер жизненной катастрофы; «иномирность» Сахалина, его статус как места инициации, смены судьбы его «пленников», обитающих в пограничном, лиминальном пространстве; Сахалин как «дикая страна», где отсутствует транспорт, план освоения острова, нет дорог, и на человеческие поселения постоянно наступает суровая природа; Сахалин как зона «социального вакуума», где перестают действовать естественные законы. Сделан вывод о том, что изменение сформированного художественными средствами образа Сахалина требует не только усиления научно-рационального компонента, но и обязательного формирования альтернативных наглядно-визуальных репрезентаций.
Границы и люди в Польше с XII по XVI столетия: пример Мазовии
Authors: Myśliwski Grzegorz
Published: September 2020

В статье рассматривается возникновение и распространение искусственных локальных границ в регионе Мазовецкое воеводство, территория, расположенная в бассейне средней реки Вислы.Бедные почвы этого лесного региона задержали здесь сельскую и городскую колонизацию по сравнению с другими польскими землями. Несмотря на то, что первые упоминания о таких границах в Мазовии относительно ранние (датируются 1185 годом), периодические набеги прусских и ядовинских племен, а также литовцев в XIII и XIV веках остановили развитие колонизации. Соответственно, размежевание началось на рубеже тринадцатого и четырнадцатого веков, усилилось примерно с 1360 года и достигло апогея в XV веке. Эта практика была обусловлена созданием множества деревень и городов в соответствии с немецким законодательством, распадом семейных владений и демографическим ростом. В дополнение к естественным особенностям ландшафта (реки, ручьи, болота, холмы), а также к искусственным ориентирам, предназначенным для использования в качестве пограничных пунктов (дороги, мосты, церкви, часовни, колодцы, мельницы, языческие гробницы), широкое применение получили искусственные пограничные знаки (обычно насыпи из песка или камня, одиночные камни и Х-образные знаки). Пограничные знаки также играли роль носителей коллективной, местной памяти, благодаря своим конкретным именам или форме вырезанных / выгравированных знаков (кресты, гербы).

История появления и распространения искусственных пограничных знаков и определения границ в Мазовии является частью истории преобразования, организации и обретения контроля над пространством средневековыми обществами
A formação da cidadania ecológica articulada à Educação Ambiental na escola
Authors: Costa Francisco Wendell Dias , Aguiar Patrícia Rosa
Published: September 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a formação da cidadania ecológica articulada à Educação Ambiental na escola como proposta para a mudança de atitudes e valores sobre as questões socioambientais. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com base em um estudo descritivo do tipo análise documental (livros, capítulos de livros e artigos acadêmicos). A escola é considerada o principal espaço para adquirir e disseminar os conhecimentos sobre a utilização da Educação Ambiental como atividade que possibilita a formação de sujeitos ecológicos, de atitude reflexiva, crítica e proativa, com intuito de agir na mitigação dos impactos socioambientais. Portanto, a prática da Educação Ambiental na escola visa a formação da Cidadania Ecológica em defesa do meio ambiente.
Five Centuries of Inequality and Socioeconomic Transformation in the Barcelona Area, 1451-1880
Authors: Pujadas-Mora Joana Maria , Brea-Martínez Gabriel
Published: September 2020

Unequal distribution of wealth is a matter of growing concern in contemporary society, but it is also one with deep roots in the past. Several authors have traced the origins of this inequality by reconstructing historical series and collecting and harmonising data from sources and records with uneven territorial and temporal cover (Milanovic et al. (2011), Alfani (2015) Piketty (2014 and 2020)). Few places in the world have data series that make it possible to reconstruct the patterns of socioeconomic inequality by drawing on a single source. Barcelona, including its hinterland, is one of these places. The Barcelona Historical Marriage Database, which was created under the auspices of the Advanced Grant project Five Centuries of Marriages headed by Professor Anna Cabré, has made it possible to analyse, over a period of five centuries, the distribution of wealth by studying the taxes levied on marriages held in the Diocese from 1451 to 1880. This number of Perspectives Demogràfiques offers an account of the evolution of inequality from the ancien régime through to the consolidation of industrialisation, the concentration of wealth, and the composition and replacement of economic elites in the Barcelona area.
The Impact of Innovation on Banking Performance: Evidence from Lebanese Banking Sector
Authors: Chalabi Fatima
Published: September 2020

This study examines the impact of innovation on performance of the Lebanese banks during 7 years period from 2009 to 2015. Based on a sample of seventeen Lebanese owned commercial banks, a Weighted Least Squares model was employed to investigate the relationship between two banking innovations, namely mobile banking and investment in computer software and banks’ performance as measured by Return-On-Assets and Return-On-Equity. Four control variables were included in the study specifically bank’s capitalization, cost efficiency, asset quality and bank’s size. The findings of the study showed that the two innovations studied have both significant but opposite impact on banks’ performance.
Nouvelles données sur la présence de Colletes marginatus Smith (Hymenoptera, Colletidae) sur le littoral belge
Authors: Devalez Jelle , Vereecken Nicolas J.
Published: September 2020

New data on the presence of Colletes marginatus Smith (Hymenoptera, Colletidae) on the Belgian coast
Redécouverte de Nomada agrestis Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Apidae) en France méditerranéenne
Authors: Vereecken Nicolas J. , Dufrêne Éric , Roberts Stuart P. M. , Smit Jan
Published: September 2020

Rediscovery of Nomada agrestis Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Mediterranean France. - A collecting trip in the Perpignan-Narbonne area (France) has allowed us to catch several specimens of the cuckoo bee Nomada agrestis FABRICIUS (Hymenoptera, Apidae) and its putative host, Eucera nigrilabris Lepeletier. This Nomada species has not been found for more than a century in this region of southern France. We also provide a distribution map that integrates all the records of N. agrestis available in both private and public insect collections of Western Europe.
Bourdons rares du Parc Naturel Régional du Queyras (Hautes-Alpes, France)
Authors: Mahé Gilles
Published: September 2020

Rare bumblebees of the Queyras Regional Natural Park (Hautes-Alpes, France). - The author, who stayed in the Parc Naturel Régional du Queyras (France) between the 9th and the 17th August 2007, noted the presence of more than twenty species of bumblebees. This paper deals with the most interesting observations about Bombus gerstaeckeri Morawitz, B. inexspectatus (Tkalců), B. brodmannicus Vogt and the copulation of B. mendax Gerstaecker.