bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anatomical study of the innervation of the posterior elbow joint capsule: implications for ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block and radiofrequency ablation procedures
Authors: Arnold Denise M J , Ho Emily S , Switzer-McIntyre Sharon , Amara Catherine , Agur Anne M R
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block and radiofrequency ablation have been developed for pain management in various joints including the hip, knee and shoulder, but not the elbow. Precise three-dimensional (3D) localization of the articular branches and landmarks visible on ultrasound are needed. The objectives of this anatomical study were to determine the presence, course, frequency, landmarks and areas innervated by the articular branches supplying the posterior elbow joint.

Methods

In 12 upper extremity specimens, articular branches to the posterior elbow joint were dissected from brachial plexus to termination. Origin, course, frequency, capsular distribution and landmarks were documented. Data were reconstructed into 3D models and a 3D frequency map to visualize spatial relationships between the articular branches, capsule and landmarks.

Results

The superior part of the posterior capsule was innervated by the ulnar collateral nerve (92%) and lateral branch to triceps (100%). The lateral part was supplied by the nerve to anconeus (100%) and, when present, branch to extensor carpi ulnaris (58%). The medial part was supplied by the ulnar nerve through direct branches (92%) and branches to forearm flexors (100%). The medial and posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerves supplied the medial and lateral epicondylar areas, respectively (100%, 83%). Common landmarks included the epicondyles, olecranon, olecranon fossa, and margins of triceps.

Conclusions

The 3D data of the articular branches supplying the posterior elbow joint provide an anatomical basis for the development of peripheral nerve block and radiofrequency ablation protocols to treat elbow joint pain. Further anatomical and clinical studies are necessary to identify target sites and evaluate the proposed landmarks in vivo.
Multi-criteria optimization of aggregate gradation based on thermal, surface, and mechanical properties of the asphalt solar collector
Authors: Pasetto Marco , Baliello Andrea , Giacomello Giovanni , Pasquini Emiliano
Published: December 2024

The aggregate gradation of asphalt concrete for a road pavement is a critical element since it influences its strength and mechanical properties, and also has a major role on the thermal properties. An experimental study was set up to develop a multi-criteria optimization of AC12 dense-graded asphalt mixtures designed for asphalt solar collector layers according to the Bailey method (fine, middle, or coarse gradation). Samples were tested in terms of thermal potential, surface properties, and mechanical performance. It was found that a coarser gradation increased the heat concentration within the asphalt (more efficient mixture for asphalt solar collector), thanks to lower specific surface area, thicker asphalt films, and fewer interconnected internal voids. The surface and mechanical performance of all asphalt systems matched the common technical prescription limits for surface road layers. Overall, the multi-criteria evaluation was effective in optimizing the characteristics of the solar collector asphalt concrete.
Nonlinear Yang–Mills AdS black brane and DC conductivity
Authors: Sadeghi Mehdi
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we examine Einstein–Hilbert gravity featuring a cosmological constant and a nonabelian nonlinear electromagnetic field that is minimally coupled to gravity. We first present the black brane solution for this model and subsequently calculate the color nonabelian DC conductivity for this solution using AdS/conformal field theory duality. Our results retrieve the Yang–Mills model in the limit as q1 approaches zero.
New results in the CTEQ-TEA global analysis of parton distributions in the nucleon
Authors: Ablat A. , Courtoy A. , Dulat S. , Guzzi M. , Hobbs T. J. , Hou T.-J. , Huston J. , Mohan K. , Lin H.-W. , Nadolsky P. , Sitiwaldi I. , Xie K. , Yan M. , Yuan C.-P.
Published: December 2024

This report summarizes the latest developments in the CTEQ-TEA global analysis of parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the nucleon. The focus is on recent NNLO fits to high-precision LHC data at 8 and 13 TeV, including Drell–Yan, jet, and top-quark pair production, pursued on the way toward the release of the new generation of CTEQ-TEA general-purpose PDFs. The report also discusses advancements in statistical and numerical methods for PDF determination and uncertainty quantification, highlighting the importance of robust and replicable uncertainties for high-stakes observables. Additionally, it covers phenomenological studies related to PDF determination, such as the interplay of experimental constraints, exploration of correlations between high-x nucleon sea and low-energy parity-violating measurements, fitted charm in the nucleon, the photon PDF in the neutron, and simultaneous SMEFT-PDF analyses.
Chaos Optimization Algorithms: A Survey
Authors: Zhang Yiqin , Lu Jingqi , Zhao Chunliang , Li Zhong , Yan Jun
Published: December 2024

Chaos Optimization Algorithms (COAs) have emerged as a potent global optimization technique, exhibiting remarkable capabilities in tackling complex optimization challenges. In recent years, a plethora of COAs and their variants have been developed and employed to address a wide array of practical problems in engineering and science. Despite the proliferation of these algorithms, existing reviews often suffer from being outdated or lacking in robust classification criteria. This deficiency impedes the accurate assessment of the latest advancements and obstructs researchers’ ability to swiftly comprehend the current state of research in chaos optimization. To bridge this gap, this paper offers a review by classifying chaos optimization into five distinct categories: chaos map-based optimization algorithms, chaos metaheuristic optimization algorithms, chaos game optimization algorithms, hybrid optimization algorithms, and others. Each category is meticulously analyzed, with a thorough discussion of the inherent strengths and weaknesses of the respective algorithms. This analysis not only clarifies the unique features of each algorithm but also enhances understanding by contrasting their various applications. The review extends to the practical deployment of chaos algorithms across specific problems, illustrating their versatility and effectiveness. Conclusively, this paper delineates potential future research evolution of COAs, providing a clear and structured guide to forthcoming explorations in this dynamic field. This survey aims to empower researchers within the optimization community with a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the landscape of COAs, paving the way for innovative research and applications.
On Existence of Heteroclinic Connections in Discontinuous Kurland–Levi Differential Equations with Slowly Varying Coefficients
Authors: Battelli Flaviano , Fečkan Michal , Wang JinRong
Published: December 2024

We study the existence of heteroclinic solutions for discontinuous Kurland–Levi differential equations with slowly varying coefficients. Our main results follow from our recent general theorem concerning heteroclinic solutions in singularly perturbed discontinuous differential equations. We apply the new analytical results to concrete examples and give numerical simulations.
New Therapeutic Options for BRCA Mutant Patients
Authors: Ghanem Anthony , Domchek Susan M.
Published: December 2024

Pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are associated with significantly elevated lifetime risks of breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer. These genes are critical in double-strand break repair through homologous recombination. An understanding of the biology of BRCA1 and BRCA2 led to the development of targeted therapeutics, specifically poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, which are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for multiple BRCA1/2-associated cancers. Here, we discuss the development of PARP inhibitors, mechanisms of resistance, and the potential utility of these drugs beyond canonical BRCA1/2 tumors, and we describe novel agents under study.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis of Dendrite Growth on the Lithium Metal Surface in Polysulfide-Insoluble Electrolytes
Authors: Ito Rikuya , Nara Hiroki , Momma Toshiyuki
Published: December 2024

Lithium has been widely investigated owing to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential. This is required for high-energy-density lithium batteries such as lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Recently, Li–S batteries with polysulfide-insoluble electrolytes, such as sulfolane (SL) and triglyme (G3), have attracted research attention because they suppress the dissolution of lithium polysulfide intermediates. However, lithium dendrite growth on the Li metal anode during the charging–discharging process causes an internal short-circuit, which may lead to serious accidents. To realize a Li–S battery, a fail-safe system to prevent short-circuits is essential. In this study, we investigated the cycle degradation mechanism of a Li metal anode in SL and G3 electrolytes using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The changes in charge transfer resistance (R
ct) and solid electrolyte interphase resistance (R
SEI) of Li–Li symmetrical cells in SL and G3 electrolytes was measured under charge–discharge cycling in detail down to internal short-circuits. Consequently, in both the electrolyte systems, the R
SEI and R
ct behaviors were disparate during cycling, and a mechanism for the short-circuit process was proposed. In addition, before the short-circuit process occurred, the change in the trend of R
ct from stable to increasing was indicative of an imminent short-circuit.
Study on the Mechanism of Chemical Mechanical Polishing for 4H-SiC Based on Photoelectro-Fenton Reaction
Authors: Ni Zifeng , Xia Menghao , Chen Guomei , Yu Jie , Lu Xueyu , Qian Shanhua , Bian Da
Published: December 2024

In order to meet the requirements of atomic-level smoothness and non-damaging wafer surface with a high material removal rate (MRR) of silicon carbide (SiC), a new method assisted by photoelectron-Fenton reaction was studied to assist in chemical mechanical polishing. The coupling effects of ultraviolet light, electric field, and Fenton reaction in improving the slurry oxidation performance and the oxidation ability on the 4H-SiC wafer surface has been verified by measuring the oxidation-reduction potential, using probe detection methods, and conducting electrochemical experiments. Through immersion oxidation experiments, the oxidation mechanisms of SiC wafers were analyzed in depth using scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy tests. The results showed that the photoelectro-Fenton reaction greatly enhanced the oxidation ability of the slurry, which improved the efficiency of oxide layer generation on the wafer surface. The high MRR of 102.4 nm h−1 and the low surface roughness (Ra) of 0.57 nm can be obtained after polishing under the condition of pH = 3, and the polishing and synergistic mechanism of 4H-SiC in the photoelectron-Fenton reaction solution was proposed.
Vertical β-Ga2O3 Schottky Barrier Diode with the Composite Termination Structure
Authors: Liu Minwei , Gao Huhu , Tian Xusheng , Cai Yuncong , Feng Qian , Liu Chaoping , Zhang Chunfu , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue
Published: December 2024

In this work, β-Ga2O3 based Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with a composite termination structure of the ZnNiO thin alloy films are reported. β-Ga2O3 SBDs with the junction termination extension structure of the wide-bandgap p-type ZnNiO achieve a breakdown voltage (Vbr) of 2040 V and a specific on-resistance Ron,sp of 3.48 mΩ·cm2, contributing a power figure of merit (PFOM, Vbr
2/Ron,sp) of 1.20 GW cm−2. Meanwhile, we demonstrated high-performance vertical β-Ga2O3 SBDs with the bevel junction termination extension (BJTE) structure, which the Ron,sp,Vbr and BFOM are 4.21 mΩ·cm2, 2704 V, and 1.74 GW cm−2, respectively. Technology computer aided design simulations show that BJTE structure significantly optimizes the surface electric field of β-Ga2O3 drift layer. These devices make a significant step to achieve high performance β-Ga2O3 power devices by implementing a composite termination structure.
Study on Amino Acid Corrosion Inhibitors in Tungsten Chemical Mechanical Planarization
Authors: Pan Deng , Ren Gaoyuan , Zhang Jingwei , Wang Li , Wang Shudong
Published: December 2024

Addition of corrosion inhibitor in the slurry during tungsten (W) chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process is an effective way to avoid excessive corrosion. In this work, three environmentally friendly amino acids (lysine, leucine, and glutamic acid) were chosen as corrosion inhibitor during W CMP process. A smooth wafer surface was obtained after CMP with the addition of lysine. The static etching rate of the W film decreased from 45.9 Å min−1 to 7.1 Å min−1 while an excellent wafer surface roughness (Ra = 1.267 nm) was obtained with the addition of 0.25 mmol l−1 lysine. The results indicate that increasing the amount of protonated amino acid molecules in the slurry can result in the improvement of corrosion inhibition performance as well as decrease the material removal rate. Electrochemical tests indicated that the corrosion inhibition effect can be attributed to the formation of an amino acids adsorption layer on the wafer surface, inhibiting the formation of peroxotungstic acids by the interaction between H2O2 and W film in the concave region. This work provides valuable guidance for the application of environmentally friendly amino acid corrosion inhibitor in the CMP field.
Improving Particle‐Burning Efficiency of Pulverized Coal in New Inclined Jet Burners
Authors: Wu Yu-Ting , Chang Chia-Wei , Lin Po-Hung , Li Yueh-Heng , Lasek Janusz , Kan Hsiao-Kai
Published: December 2024

This paper shows an investigation of pulverized coal in new inclined jet burners for improving particle‐burning efficiency through parameter adjustment. The research focuses on the interaction between two oblique jet methane (CH4)/air premixed flame burners and a coal particle jet feeder on an impinging burner. Various parameters such as CH4/air ratios, gas fuel flow rates, deflection angles, and coal dust feed speeds are systematically examined. The findings of the study reveal the establishment of distinct flow field structures, characterized by collision and recirculation zones, upon the interaction of jets. Momentum transfer in the upstream airflow creates a preheating zone, fostering fuel–air mixing. Within these recirculation zones, coal particles undergo pyrolysis facilitated by temperature gradients, resulting in increased volatile output that promotes downstream combustion. Additionally, coal particles traversing recirculation zones with higher vorticity and elevated temperature regions tend to undergo early fragmentation and combustion of volatile components upon exiting these zones. This study underscores the intricate interplay of parameters in optimizing coal combustion efficiency and highlights avenues for further research and practical application. Observations indicate enhanced burner performance with increased CH4/air ratios and central flow speeds. The study identifies a correlation between the deflection angle and particle reduction rate, which increases from 63.5% to 64.7% with an increase in the deflection angle. The reduction rate ranges from 59.7% to 67.8% with a transition from fuel‐rich to fuel‐lean conditions. As velocity increases from 0.6 to 1.2 m/s, the particle reduction rate escalates from 57.5% to 74.5%.
Psychometric Analysis of the Brøset Violence Checklist in Medical–Surgical Nursing Units
Authors: Spencer Cara , Varty Maureen , Bosma Grace Narelle , Wogu Adane Fekadu
Published: December 2024

Background: Workplace violence against nurses is a pervasive problem within hospital settings. Predictive tools which could assist with identifying patients who may commit violence while hospitalized are needed in the medical surgical care areas. The Brøset violence checklist (BVC) is a six‐item checklist to assess patients and determine if the patient may become violent within the next 24 hours. The BVC has been validated in psychiatric and emergency department settings but not yet established in the medical–surgical inpatient settings. The purpose of this retrospective secondary data study was to determine validity and reliability metrics for the BVC within medical–surgical inpatient settings.

Methods: This study utilized data from the electronic health record and safety reporting system from four medical–surgical settings within a large academic healthcare system to establish sensitivity and specificity of the BVC as well as establish inter‐reliability of BVC users.

Findings: Of the 36,155 BVC assessments on 4437 patients included in the analysis, the BVC was a good predictor of violence. As expected, the analysis found that the BVC was more specific to accurately identifying negative cases than it was sensitive to identifying positive cases with a specificity of 98% and a sensitivity of 64% and receiver operating characteristics yielded an area under the curve of 0.8. The BVC reliability indicated a strong positive association between nurses and auditors’ scores as confirmed by Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (W = 0.71, p < 0.001).

Discussion: The BVC is a valid, reliable, and simple assessment tool to identify patients who may pose a risk for violence in medical–surgical units with strong inter‐reliability.

Implications to Practice: Integrating the BVC into the medical–surgical clinical areas may provide a validated tool to support proactive interventions to care practices and reduce physical harm of healthcare workers.
Single‐Port Three‐Dimensional Endoscopic‐Assisted Axillary Lymph Node Dissection (S‐P 3D E‐ALND): Surgical Technique and Preliminary Results
Authors: Sae-Lim Chayanee , Lai Hung-Wen , Chennavasin Papawee , Huang Hsin-I , Lin Shih-Lung , Huang Ren-Hung , Chen Shou-Tung , Chen Dar-Ren
Published: December 2024

Background: Endoscopic‐assisted breast surgery (EABS) provides better cosmetic outcomes for breast cancer patients with small incisions in an inconspicuous area. However, an extended incision and heavy assistant retraction are usually required for an adequate exposure for conventional axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Therefore, we propose an innovative single‐port three‐dimensional endoscopic‐assisted ALND (S‐P 3D E‐ALND) to facilitate better visualization, and report its preliminary outcomes herein.

Methods: The surgical technique of the S‐P 3D E‐ALND, using either monopolar Endo Hook, LigaSure, or Sonicision, is described. A total of 11 breast cancer patients who received the S‐P 3D E‐ALND in a single institution from January 2023 to September 2023 were enrolled. The preliminary results of the S‐P 3D E‐ALND, including perioperative parameters, complication, and short‐term oncological outcomes, were retrospectively analyzed.

Results: Endoscopic breast and axillary procedures were conducted via a single axillary incision. The primary success rate of the S‐P 3D E‐ALND was 100% without a conversion to open surgery. The median operative time for the S‐P 3D E‐ALND was 39 (IQR = 28, 49) minutes. Average blood loss during E‐ALND was 3 (IQR = 3, 5) mL. The median number of harvested LN was 10 (IQR = 8, 11) LNs. During the median follow‐up time of 7 months, there was no complication, lymphedema, shoulder stiffness, or chronic arm numbness found. None of the patients reported locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis, or mortality.

Conclusion: The S‐P 3D E‐ALND can serve as an alternative approach for ALND in breast cancer patients undergoing EABS, as our findings indicate it results in only minor complications.
Clinical implementation of Nephrologist-led Genomic Testing for Glomerular Diseases in Singapore: Rationale and Protocol
Authors: Lim Cynthia , Lim Ru Sin , Choo Jason , Leow Esther Huimin , Chan Gek Cher , Zhang Yaochun , Ng Jun Li , Chin Hui-Lin , Tan Ee Shien , Goh Jeannette , Gandhi Naline , Ng Yong Hong , Than Mya , Ganesan Indra , Chong Siew Le , Yap Celeste , Chao Sing Ming , Cham Breana , Kam Sylvia , Lim Jiin Ying , Mok Irene , Tan Hui Zhuan , Kwek Jia Liang , Lee Tung Lin , Wang Ziyin , Goh Su Mein , Lim Regina , Yeo See Cheng , Teo Boon Wee , Da Yi , Matchar David , Ng Kar Hui
Published: December 2024

Introduction
The early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of monogenic glomerular diseases can reduce kidney failure, avoid unnecessary investigations such as kidney biopsies and ineffective treatment with immunosuppressants, guide transplant decisions, and inform the genetic risks of their family members. Yet, genetic testing for kidney disease is under-utilized in Singapore. We aimed to implement a nephrologist-led genetic service and evaluate the acceptance, adoption, utility and cost-effectiveness of genetic testing for monogenic glomerular disease in Singapore.

Methods
We will perform a prospective, multi-center, Type II hybrid effectiveness-implementation study with a post design to evaluate both implementation and clinical outcomes of nephrologist-led genetic testing for suspected genetic glomerular kidney diseases. The multi-disciplinary implementation team will train “genetic nephrologists” to provide pre- and post-test counselling, order targeted exome panel sequencing for suspected glomerular kidney diseases (persistent microscopic haematuria and/or albuminuria or proteinuria in the absence of known causes; steroid-resistant primary nephrotic syndrome; apparent familial IgA nephropathy; or chronic kidney disease with no apparent cause) and interpret genetic test results; create workflows for patient referral, evaluation and management, and discuss genetic results at regular genomic board meetings.
The outcomes are acceptance, appropriateness and adoption among patients and nephrologists, utility (proportion of patients who received genetic testing and have a confirmed diagnosis of genetic glomerular disease) and cost-effectiveness.

Conclusion
This study will create and evaluate a nephrologist-led genetic service, develop an efficient variant curation process and inform future recommendations on the optimal referral and genetic testing strategy for monogenic glomerular disease in Singapore. This will facilitate the future mainstreaming of genetic testing that will enable precision medicine in kidney care.
Inflammation and Arterial Stiffness as Drivers of Cardiovascular Risk in Kidney Disease
Authors: Lo Cicero Lorenzo , Lentini Paolo , Sessa Concetto , Castellino Niccolò , D'Anca Ambra , Torrisi Irene , Marcantoni Carmelita , Castellino Pietro , Santoro Domenico , Zanoli Luca
Published: December 2024

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. The lower the glomerular filtration rate, the higher the CV risk. Summary: Current data suggest that several uremic toxins lead to vascular inflammation and oxidative stress that, in turn, lead to endothelial dysfunction, changes in smooth muscle cells’ phenotype, and increased degradation of elastin and collagen fibers. These processes lead to both functional and structural arterial stiffening and explain part of the increased risk of acute myocardial infarction and stroke reported in patients with CKD. Considering that, at least in patients with end-stage kidney disease, the reduction of arterial stiffness is associated with a parallel decrease of the CV risk; vascular function is a potential target for therapy to reduce the CV risk. Key Messages: In this review, we explore mechanisms of vascular dysfunction in CKD, paying particular attention to inflammation, reporting current data in other models of mild and severe inflammation, and discussing the vascular effect of several drugs currently used in nephrology.
L.S. Vygotsky: History of the Future
Authors: Zinchenko Yuri P. , Sobkin Vladimir S.
Published: December 2024

Background. The editorial article reflects the main concept of the issue of the journal, dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the death of L.S. Vygotsky - an outstanding Russian scientist, whose works had a noticeable influence on the development of psychology and pedagogy in the world.
Objectives. The goal is to demonstrate the relevance of the principles of the cultural-historical approach of L.S. Vygotsky at the current stage of development in psychological and pedagogical science and practice.
Results. The article reveals the content of the publications of the journal issue devoted to the sources of the emergence of Vygotsky's scientific school, his biography, empirical and theoretical and methodological research carried out in line with the cultural-historical approach. It also displays Vygotsky's invaluable contribution to the development of education and science in Russia and abroad.
Conclusion. The articles presented in this issue discuss the fundamental principles and postulates of the cultural-historical approach, as well as outline ways of research concretization of the idea of the systemic and semantic structure of consciousness. The significant contribution of the Faculty of Psychology of Moscow State University to the development of research in the field of cultural-historical psychology is especially noted. The wide presentation of the results to the scientific community and their introduction into pedagogical practice are highlighted.
Cultural-Historical Theory and Social Psychology: A Nexus of Ideas
Authors: Bazarov Tahir Yu. , Belinskaya Elena P. , Tikhomandritskaya Olga A.
Published: December 2024

Background. The relevance of the stated topic is determined by two circumstances: the need to determine the main directions of the theoretical and methodological reflection of modern social psychology and the task of explaining the socio-psychological aspects of cultural-historical theory.
Objective. Consideration of the relationship between the main ideas of the cultural-historical theory of L.S. Vygotsky and the subject field of social psychology.
Methods. The article uses methods of deductive (axiomatic and hypothetico-deductive) and comparative analyses.
Results. The main theses of cultural-historical theory set the development and instantiation of the subject field of social psychology, starting with the well-known discussions of the 1920s. The main provisions can be identified as follows: the idea of the internalisation of social relations as a constructive mechanism of human socialisation; understanding the process of communication as instrumentally mediated by a system of signs which act as a means for a social subject to master his social behaviour; approval of the idea of human activity in interaction, the finite task of which is the formation of a common system of meanings. Using the example of similarities and differences in the historical views of L.S. Vygotsky and J.G. Mead, the authors analyse the possible range of understandings of interaction contextuality. It was the attention of cultural-historical theory to the analysis of interaction that largely determined the further interest of social psychology in the problem of “personality and/or situation”, the solution to which is still debatable.
Conclusions. The determining role of L.S. Vygotsky’s position for universal social psychology as well as for Russian is associated with the unremitting attention of researchers to one of the fundamental problems in the analysis of man and society, namely, to the problem of human interaction with the surrounding socio-cultural environment. The requirement to consider the social context as a methodological imperative of modern social psychology sets the main direction for the further development of theoretical and methodological reflection. This main direction is the analysis of possible relationships between the social context and social changes, leading to the need for empirical development of two problems: the individual psychological foundations of social choice and a person’s ability to resist the power of the situation.
Experience and "Ideal Form" Within the Social Situation of Development
Authors: Karabanova Olga A.
Published: December 2024

Background. The study of L.S. Vygotsky's scientific heritage enables the clarification of the theoretical basis for the role of the social environment in children's mental development and the key regularities of children's mental development at varying ages and stages of development in the context of transitivity and the social uncertainty of modern society.
Objectives. The currently article analyses the significance of the social situation of development as an alternative to the understanding of the environment as a factor of development in L.S. Vygotsky's doctrine of the structure and dynamics of psychological age.
Results. Experience is the indivisible "unit" of the social situation of development as a dynamic unity of personality and environment in the form of age-specific attitude. The experience acts as an integration of affective and intellectual components and acquires features of awareness and meaningfulness as the child's thinking develops. The social environment contains ideal forms as a standard of historically developed human properties and abilities, determining the greatest originality of the child's developmental path — the future is already represented in the present and sets the vector for development. The ideal form embodies the age-specific normative content of the developmental potential of higher mental functions at each age stage, being appropriated in the course of cooperation. Experience determines the individual trajectory and the result of development. A comparative analysis of the crises of three and seven years convincingly proves the change in the type of experience: from the child's singling out of relations and himself as the subject of these relations to the singling out of experiences, their differentiation and realisation of the attitude to Self. The social situation of development determines the boundaries for the zone of the child's proximal development (ZPD).
Conclusions. Experience realises the child’s active position in relation to the world through the prism of age characteristics. Transformation of the social situation of development, according to L.S. Vygotsky, occurs in the form of changes in the types and methods of experiencing in connection with the development of the motivation and need during the period of age-related developmental crises.
“Family Pain” in the Context of the Cultural-Historical Approach of L.S. Vygotsky
Authors: Lutsenko Anna M. , Spivakovskaya Alla S.
Published: December 2024

Background. The term “family pain” is used in family system psychotherapy to refer to the emotional state of members in a dysfunctional family. Despite the widespread use of this term in practical psychology, the structure of the phenomenon of “family pain” has not yet been described and introduced into clinical and family psychology. This study provides a scientific substantiation of the psychological construct “family pain” in the etiology and functioning of codependent behaviour based on the cultural-historical approach of L.S. Vygotsky.
Objectives. The aim is to characterize the concept of experiencing “family pain” based on a cultural-historical approach, and also to analyse the characteristics of experiencing “family pain” among people whose parents were alcoholics.
Study Participants. The sample included adults who were conditionally mentally healthy (N=52; 11 men and 41 women; Mage=24.5 years, SD=4.4), who grew up in alcoholic families and regularly attended the 12-step rehabilitation programme “Adult Children of Alcoholics”.
Methods. A phenomenological analysis of the motives for people applying to the 12-step rehabilitation programme “Adult children of alcoholics”.
Results. Individuals who grew up in alcoholic families describe “family pain” as a constant experience that accompanies them throughout their lives, due to traumatic childhood experiences in the past. Six motives for applying to the self-help rehabilitation programme “Adult Children of Alcoholics” for people who grew up in alcoholic families and experienced “family pain” were identified. They included: to overcome difficulties in communication, to cope with the death of parents, to find support and approval, to find people with similar experiences, to justify one’s own failures through the illness of a parent, to cope with current negative states connected to childhood experiences. It has been shown that attending rehabilitation programmes can both help a person to cope with the experience of “family pain” and strengthen fixation on the negative experiences of childhood.
Conclusions. The process of experiencing a common family problem by people whose parents were alcoholics can be presented and described as a special systemic psychological construct “family pain”.
Time in L.S. Vygotsky’s Oeuvre
Authors: Martsinkovskaya Tatiana D.
Published: December 2024

Background. Currently, different versions of Russian and international concepts are being developed in a single scientific field. In this context, the high heuristic potential of L.S. Vygotsky’s concept is revealed as his ideas are in tune with the challenges of information culture.
Objectives. The goal of the current work is to present the integrity of L.S. Vygotsky’s concept of culture and the variability of his ideas about emotional experience, sign and tools, the social situation of development, crises at different periods and in different situations in the development of science. The connection between continuity and change over time makes Vygotsky's concept flexible and productive for a digital society.
Methods. The historical-genetic approach, historical hermeneutics and categorical analysis are used to trace the internal logic and stages of the formation of L.S. Vygotsky’s scientific views, as well as to outline his opponents and the origins of his methodology and discoveries.
Results. Personal and sociocultural (temporary) factors in the emergence and development of the concept of L.S. Vygotsky were analysed. The role of the initial works on the psychology of culture and theatre in the formation of psychological concepts of emotional experience and personality was shown. A holistic picture of the dynamics of the scientist’s views on the development of psyche, the role of the tool-sign, the social situation of development and crises, as factors that determine the boundaries of possible personality changes, the connection between affect and intelligence throughout ontogenesis was presented. The transformation of the concept of interiorisation, which becomes one of the central ones for the development of the psyche in a digital society, was revealed.
Conclusions. Variability over time and, simultaneously, the fundamental integrity of L.S. Vygotsky’s approach to culture in its various forms (word, sign, emotional experience, theatre, society) are the basis for the high productivity and creative potential of his ideas, which make it possible to transform them in different social situations of the development of science. The personality of the creator in the context of his life and the life of his ideas gives possibility to interpret it in terms of the psychology of drama, expanding the boundaries of analysis and incorporation of the scientific worldview and concepts of L.S. Vygotsky in modern psychology.
A History of Learned Courtesy: Habsburg-Ottoman Diplomatic Encounters in the 17th Century (1606–83)
Authors: Kolçak Özgür
Published: December 2024

This article discusses the historical development of Ottoman-Habsburg diplomatic interactions in the 17th century with an emphasis on etiquette and formal appelations. It provides an account of diplomatic encounters between the Porte and the Hofburg, based on the cases of important envoys and ambassadors exchanged by them throughout the century. The study places particular emphasis on the formal exchange of diplomatic representatives along the Ottoman-Austrian Habsburg border, as elaborated by officials from both states after tactful disputations. It also pays due attention to ceremonial proceedings towards imperial emissaries at the Sublime Porte and the political implications of gift exchange between the two courts during diplomatic encounters. By using a wide range of academic literature and narrative and archival sources, the article sheds light on progressive change in the prevailing practices in 17th-century Ottoman-Habsburg diplomatic relations, which are furthermore juxtaposed with those of the previous century.
Evaluation of 8-Day Typhoon Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts in Taiwan by the 2.5-km CReSS Model: Overall Performance during 2012–16 and Impact of Domain Size
Authors: Wang Chung-Chieh , Chien Chih-Wei , Soong Wei-Kuo , Chen Shin-Hau
Published: December 2024

The skill of 24-h daily quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) in Taiwan by a cloud-resolving model out to 8 days was evaluated for 27 typhoons (84 days) during 2012–16. Overall, the skill increased as the lead time shortened, and most of the QPFs were of high quality on both day 1 (0–24 h) and day 2 (24–48 h) with a minimum tendency to overforecast rainfall. At longer lead times from day 4 (72–96 h) to day 8 (168–192 h), where underforecasting became increasingly apparent, decent QPFs that resembled the observation could still be realized if the track errors were small enough due to better quality in the initial and boundary conditions from the global model. For the 14 typhoons that had an observed peak daily amount of ≥350 mm, such QPFs occurred in 10 of them (71%) and the earliest around day 5 on average. Thus, good rainfall scenarios could be provided quite early for many typhoons by this high-resolution system. By comparing the QPF results above to those by the 3-day forecasts that used a smaller domain, potential benefits of an enlarged fine domain were assessed. The only major difference occurred on day 1 at the 750-mm threshold, where the threat score (TS) was 0.17 (0.05) using a larger (smaller) domain, contributed only by two typhoons. While this result appeared random, the larger domain simulated the responsible rainband slightly better and had a higher accumulation to produce hits at a key station on both occasions despite a very similar tropical cyclone (TC) track and thus could be beneficial for typhoon QPFs.
The Role of the Subtropical Jet Stream in Dry Season Severe Caribbean Rainstorms: Climatology and Composite Analyses
Authors: Pfahler Marshall , Bosart Lance , Laing Arlene
Published: December 2024

Although high-impact heavy rainfall events in the Caribbean are typically associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) during the wet season, significant heavy rainfall events can also occur during the Caribbean dry season, absent of TCs. Dry season severe Caribbean rainstorms (CRs) can produce rainfall totals that surpass climatological dry season monthly mean rainfall, ranging from 25 to 200 mm, by >3 sigma over a relatively short duration (2–16 days), resulting in infrastructure- and life-threatening flooding and mudslides. This paper introduces a 35-yr (1983–2017) dry season severe CR climatology derived from the PERSIANN-CDR precipitation dataset, revealing that dry season severe CRs occur, on average, eight times per year with some interannual variability and exhibit a seasonality that includes relative maxima in November/December and April/May as well as a relative minimum in February. Self-organizing map (SOM) analyses are applied to detect subtropical jet stream (STJS) flow patterns governing events in this climatology which include an upper-level trough reaching the Caribbean (Trough cases, 23% of all events), a frontal boundary extending into the Caribbean attendant to an extratropical cyclone (EC) at midlatitudes (EC Front cases, 54% of all events), or a potential vorticity stream (PVS) forming near the Caribbean (PVS cases, 7% of all events). In these events, extratropical forcing, occasionally combined with orographic forcing, can promote intense, organized, and widespread deep, moist convection that produces heavy rainfall. The remaining events do not have a discernable extratropical connection and are not considered to be influenced by the STJS (16% of events).

Significance Statement

High-impact heavy rainfall events in the Caribbean are typically associated with tropical cyclones during the wet season, but significant heavy rainfall events can also occur during the Caribbean dry season without tropical cyclones. Dry season Caribbean rainstorms (CRs) can result in infrastructure- and life-threatening flooding and mudslides from rainfall totals that substantially surpass normal dry season monthly rainfall in a short duration (2–16 days). A 35-yr dry season severe CR climatology is constructed, indicating that these events occur on average eight times per year. The subtropical jet stream is recognized as an important driver and influencer of thunderstorms with heavy rainfall in most (84% of all cases) dry season severe CRs. The results of this study could help Caribbean weather forecasters recognize the nature of dry season severe CRs and associated weather patterns to provide more information and advanced warning to local emergency management and the public.
Not Just ‘Sinking Islands’: Climate Change and Adaptation in Small Island Developing States
Authors: Biasio Virginia De
Published: December 2024

Small Island Developing States are among the countries which are hit the most by climate change, and especially by sea-level rise. In this article, I argue against the narrative focused on plans for collective relocation for the populations of Small Island Developing States. I argue that focusing exclusively on relocation leads us to endorse a ‘doomsday’ approach, which normalises the inevitability of territory loss, and obscures theoretically distinct and pressing problems related to how to tackle the current environmental issues and resource scarcity affecting those countries. In the first part of the article, I argue that adaptation efforts, which are systematically neglected in the dominant political theory literature about Small Island Developing States, should be prioritised over plans for relocation. In the second part of the article, I start to cast light on some of the normative dilemmas raised by a close focus on adaptation, and I defend a community-based approach to adaptation in Small Island Developing States.
Poor Mental Health as Cause and/or Consequence of Restrictive Housing
Authors: Wooldredge John , Cochran Joshua C. , Pate Symone , Anderson Claudia N. , Long Joshua S.
Published: December 2024

Whether poor mental health increases an incarcerated person’s exposure to disciplinary or administrative segregation, and, in turn, whether segregation contributes to poorer health have been examined separately in the empirical literature, with studies of the former limited to between-person analyses. We conducted within-person analyses of changes to both mental health and the odds of segregation to determine whether these effects are bidirectional within the same sample. Between-person analyses of mental health effects on segregation were also performed for comparison to prior studies. Admissions to all Ohio prisons within a 10-year window ( N = 224,288) were examined. Within-person analyses revealed lower odds of placement in administrative segregation for individuals with declining mental health during their sentence and no significant segregation effects on subsequent mental health. Between-person analyses indicated higher odds of placement in disciplinary segregation within the first year of confinement for persons with poorer mental health at prison intake.
Improving Teacher-Child Relationships Using Relationship-Focused Reflection: A Case Study
Authors: Bosman Rianne J. , de Jong Peter F. , Koomen Helma M. Y.
Published: December 2024

This study evaluated LLInC (Leerkracht–Leerling Interactie Coaching in Dutch, or Teacher Student Interaction Coaching), an intervention targeted at teachers’ mental representations to improve dyadic teacher–child relationship quality. Four teachers and eight children from Dutch elementary schools participated in this single case study. Teachers themselves selected two children with whom they experienced a difficult relationship. The results indicated that teachers’ global judgments of relationship quality improved from pretest to posttest for almost all teacher–child dyads. Day-to-day perceptions of conflict, closeness, and self-efficacy improved for a few teacher–child dyads, and especially for teacher-child dyads of the second targeted child. This implies that LLInC is especially helpful when carried out for at least two teacher-child dyads. The results of this study suggest that LLInC is promising, especially with regard to teachers’ global relationship perceptions. However, LLInC should be further evaluated using a larger, representative sample, especially with regard to day-to-day perceptions of relationship quality.
Making decisions about long-term foster family care as a permanence plan in England: An investigation of the implementation of the first government regulations and guidance for long-term foster care
Authors: Schofield Gillian , Larsson Birgit , Neil Elsbeth , Young Julie
Published: December 2024

Long-term foster family care has been included as a permanence option in policy in England since the 1980s, however it was not until 2015 that it was defined in government regulations and guidance, with a required practice framework for local authorities, including reporting placement numbers annually to the government. This was intended to give long-term foster care a more formal status as a permanence option, ensure high standards of practice and promote positive outcomes for children.

This project aimed: (1) to identify the profiles and pathways of children in long-term foster care and (2) to investigate the impact of the regulations and guidance on procedure and practice in local authorities. The second aim provides the focus for the findings presented in this article. The research design included analysis of administrative data, a national survey of local authorities and interviews with 43 managers in 30 local authorities.

The survey results and interview data suggested that the regulations and guidance have had a positive impact by raising the profile of long-term foster care and supporting improved procedures. But there were varying patterns of implementation and significant differences in rates of long-term foster care, which did not relate to differences in local authority populations. This article concludes, therefore, that there is a need for the provision of government support to provide greater consistency in the implementation of the regulations and guidance.