bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Low Carbon Cities: Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Energy Facilities in Irkutsk City
Authors: Maysyuk E.
Published: May 2021

Decrease in greenhouse gas emissions is a current trend in solving the climate change problems. The concept of low-carbon cities is extensively discussed nowadays. It aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through integrated mechanisms and measures, which comply with socio-economic development and city management. Since a considerable part of the population lives in cities, the utmost goal of the study is to analyze the situation with emissions of the main greenhouse gas, i.e., carbon dioxide, in the urban environment. The major sources of carbon dioxide emissions are stationary energy facilities of different capacities burning fuel. The paper considers the city of Irkutsk as an example of the populated area included in the study on low carbon cities under the auspices of the Social and Economic Commission for Asia and the Pacific of the UN - UNESCAP. The first stage of the studies involved assessing the current carbon dioxide emissions from energy facilities of the city through the calculation of carbon dioxide emissions from boiler houses and the city cogeneration plant for 1990. The findings revealed the potential of reducing carbon dioxide emissions from energy facilities in Irkutsk. The paper suggests the basic directions and measures to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from the urban energy facilities.
An Optimization Algorithm to Determine Apparent Power of Active Filter
Authors: Kovernikova L. , Bui N.H. , Ha T.C. , Pham D.T. , Semenova L. , Voitov O.
Published: May 2021

The coal grading plants in Viet Nam extensively apply induction motors. Induction motors consume active and reactive power from the power supply systems. The reactive power flowing through the electrical network creates active power losses. The reactive power received from power utilities reduces the load power factor at the node where coal sorting plants are connected to the supply network. Frequency-controlled induction motors introduce distortions into the electrical network because they are electrical equipment with a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic. Non-sinusoidal current and voltage cause additional losses of active power in the electrical network and electrical equipment, thereby shortening its service life, reducing the reliability of operation, and causing economic damage. Active filters can solve these problems. The paper proposes an optimization algorithm for determining the apparent power of the active filter, which provides the load power factor and power quality indices corresponding to the regulatory documents. The algorithm is used to calculate the apparent power of the active filter for the coal grading plant owned by the Vietnamese company “Cua Ong-Vinacomin."
Determination of an Effective Heating Radius in District Heating Systems in terms of Reliability
Authors: Stennikov V. , Mednikova E. , Postnikov I.
Published: May 2021

The paper presents a method developed to determine an effective heating radius (EHR) in district heating systems (DHSs) in terms of reliable heat supply to consumers. The search for EHR for various heating mains from the considered district heating source in DHS involves identifying heat source operation zones in various city areas. At the same time, apart from the search for EHR, the nodal reliability indices are estimated for each consumer and then used (if necessary) to adjust the obtained EHR. The paper briefly discusses some of the practical research results.
Políticas públicas y abordaje integral territorial de los consumos problemáticos: las experiencias del DIAT Juana Azurduy y el DTC Barrio Ceibo, provincia de Buenos Aires
Authors: Corbelle Florencia
Published: May 2021

Apresenta os resultados do estudo de caso de dois dispositivos de monitoramento de abordagem territorial do consumo problemático da Secretaria de Políticas Abrangente sobre Drogas da Nação Argentina (Sedronar), localizado na área Norte da Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (Amba). Um deles é o Dispositivo Integral de Abordagem Territorial Juana Azurduy (DIAT JA) e o outro é o Dispositivo do Barrio Ceibo Community Treatment (DTC BC). Ambos os dispositivos são o produto da acumulação e justaposição de uma série de experiências e políticas de intervenção implementadas recentemente na Argentina que implicaram uma ruptura com os modelos dominantes na prevenção e cuidado do consumo problemático e devem ser compreendidas no quadro de uma mudança de paradigma na matéria, cujo primeiro marco regulatório é a promulgação da Lei de Saúde Mental em 2010.
Tendências e desafios das políticas de cuidado a usuários de drogas na América Latina
Authors: Pires Roberto Rocha C. , Santos Maria Paula G. dos , Rosa Luiza Luz
Published: May 2021

Visa desenvolver um olhar transversal sobre os países e casos estudados: Argentina, Brasil, Colômbia, México e Uruguai. Busca apontar tendências comuns às suas diversas trajetórias, nas últimas décadas, assim como indicar as potencialidades e desafios, descortinados por estes estudos, para o avanço de uma agenda de políticas assistenciais a usuários de drogas que cumpram com o objetivo de restituir direitos a estes sujeitos ao tempo em que contribuam para o enfrentamento das desigualdades sociais.
GRAVITACIJOS LAUKO TYRIMŲ ANALIZĖ
Authors: Glušonok Arnoldas , Obuchovski Romuald
Published: May 2021

Straipsnyje analizuojamas šiaurės rytų Lietuvos teritorijos dalies gravitacijos laukas. Analizei pasitelkti gra-vitacinės nuotraukos matavimo duomenys ir pasaulinių sunkio lauko modeliai. Nagrinėjamos iš skirtingų pradinių duomenų šaltinių gautos Bouguer anomalijos. Sudaryti skirtumų kontūriniai žemėlapiai. Atliekamas anomalijų tarp mod-elių skirtumo palyginimas. Remiantis gautais rezultatais pateikiamos išvados apie tirti pasirinktus pasaulio sunkio lauko modelių atitiktį realiam laukui.
Detection Limits of Low-mass, Long-period Exoplanets Using Gaussian Processes Applied to HARPS-N Solar Radial Velocities
Authors: Langellier N. , Milbourne T. W. , Phillips D. F. , Haywood R. D. , Saar S. H. , Mortier A. , Malavolta L. , Thompson S. , Cameron A. Collier , Dumusque X. , Cegla H. M. , Latham D. W. , Maldonado J. , Watson C. A. , Buchschacher N. , Cecconi M. , Charbonneau D. , Cosentino R. , Ghedina A. , Gonzalez M. , Li C-H. , Lodi M. , López-Morales M. , Micela G. , Molinari E. , Pepe F. , Poretti E. , Rice K. , Sasselov D. , Sozzetti A. , Udry S. , Walsworth R. L.
Published: May 2021

Radial velocity (RV) searches for Earth-mass exoplanets in the habitable zone around Sun-like stars are limited by the effects of stellar variability on the host star. In particular, suppression of convective blueshift and brightness inhomogeneities due to photospheric faculae/plage and starspots are the dominant contribution to the variability of such stellar RVs. Gaussian process (GP) regression is a powerful tool for statistically modeling these quasi-periodic variations. We investigate the limits of this technique using 800 days of RVs from the solar telescope on the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher for the Northern hemisphere (HARPS-N) spectrograph. These data provide a well-sampled time series of stellar RV variations. Into this data set, we inject Keplerian signals with periods between 100 and 500 days and amplitudes between 0.6 and 2.4 m s−1. We use GP regression to fit the resulting RVs and determine the statistical significance of recovered periods and amplitudes. We then generate synthetic RVs with the same covariance properties as the solar data to determine a lower bound on the observational baseline necessary to detect low-mass planets in Venus-like orbits around a Sun-like star. Our simulations show that discovering planets with a larger mass (∼0.5 m s−1) using current-generation spectrographs and GP regression will require more than 12 yr of densely sampled RV observations. Furthermore, even with a perfect model of stellar variability, discovering a true exo-Venus (∼0.1 m s−1) with current instruments would take over 15 yr. Therefore, next-generation spectrographs and better models of stellar variability are required for detection of such planets.
Thermophysical Model for Realistic Surface Layers on Airless Small Bodies: Applied to Study the Spin Orientation and Surface Dust Properties of (24) Themis from WISE/NEOWISE Multiepoch Thermal Light Curves
Authors: Yu 余 Liang-Liang 亮亮 , Ip Wing-Huen
Published: May 2021

This work proposes a thermophysical model for realistic surface layers on airless small bodies (RSTPM) for the use of interpreting their multiepoch thermal light curves (e.g., WISE/NEOWISE). RSTPM considers the real orbital cycle, rotation cycle, rough surface, temperature-dependent thermal parameters, as well as contributions of sunlight reflection to observations. It is thus able to produce a precise temperature distribution and thermal emission of airless small bodies regarding the variations on orbital timescales. Details of the physics, mathematics, and numerical algorithms of RSTPM are presented. When used to interpret multiepoch thermal light curves by WISE/NEOWISE, RSTPM can give constraints on the spin orientation and surface physical properties, such as the mean thermal inertia or the mean size of dust grains, the roughness fraction, and the albedo via a radiometric procedure. As an application example, we apply this model to the main-belt object (24) Themis, the largest object of the Themis family, which is believed to be the source region of many main-belt comets. We find multiepoch (2010, 2014–2018) observations of Themis by WISE/NEOWISE, yielding 18 thermal light curves. By fitting these data with RSTPM, the best-fit spin orientation of Themis is derived to be (λ = 137°, β = 59°) in ecliptic coordinates, and the mean radius of dust grains on the surface is estimated to be

b

˜

=

140

−
114

+
500

(
6
∼
640
)

μm, indicating that the surface thermal inertia varies from ∼3 Jm−2 s−0.5 K−1 to ∼60 Jm−2
s
−0.5 K−1 due to seasonal temperature variation. A more detailed analysis found that the thermal light curves of Themis show a weak feature that depends on the rotation phase, which is indicative of heterogeneous thermal properties or imperfections of the light-curve inversion shape model.
External Photoevaporation of Protoplanetary Disks: Does Location Matter?
Authors: Parker Richard J. , Alcock Hayley L. , Nicholson Rhana B. , Panić Olja , Goodwin Simon P.
Published: May 2021

Many theoretical studies have shown that external photoevaporation from massive stars can severely truncate, or destroy altogether, the gaseous protoplanetary disks around young stars. In tandem, several observational studies report a correlation between the mass of a protoplanetary disk and its distance to massive ionizing stars in star-forming regions, and cite external photoevaporation by the massive stars as the origin of this correlation. We present N-body simulations of the dynamical evolution of star-forming regions and determine the mass loss in protoplanetary disks from external photoevaporation due to far-ultraviolet and extreme-ultraviolet radiation from massive stars. We find that projection effects can be significant, in that low-mass disk-hosting stars that appear close to the ionizing sources may be fore- or background stars in the star-forming region. We find very little evidence in our simulations for a trend in increasing disk mass with increasing distance from the massive star(s), even when projection effects are ignored. Furthermore, the dynamical evolution of these young star-forming regions moves stars whose disks have been photoevaporated to far-flung locations, away from the ionizing stars, and we suggest that any correlation between disk mass and distance from the ionizing star is either coincidental, or due to some process other than external photoevaporation.
The Circumnuclear Disk Revealed by ALMA. I. Dense Clouds and Tides in the Galactic Center
Authors: Hsieh Pei-Ying , Koch Patrick M. , Kim Woong-Tae , Martín Sergio , Yen Hsi-Wei , Carpenter John M. , Harada Nanase , Turner Jean L. , Ho Paul T. P. , Tang Ya-Wen , Beck Sara
Published: May 2021

Utilizing the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, we present CS line maps in five rotational lines (J
u = 7, 5, 4, 3, 2) toward the circumnuclear disk (CND) and streamers of the Galactic center. Our primary goal is to resolve the compact structures within the CND and the streamers, in order to understand the stability conditions of molecular cores in the vicinity of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) Sgr A*. Our data provide the first homogeneous high-resolution (1.″3 = 0.05 pc) observations aiming at resolving density and temperature structures. The CS clouds have sizes of 0.05–0.2 pc with a broad range of velocity dispersion (σ
FWHM = 5–40 km s−1). The CS clouds are a mixture of warm (T
k ≥ 50–500 K,

n

H

2

= 103–105 cm−3) and cold gas (T
k ≤ 50 K,

n

H

2

= 106–108 cm−3). A stability analysis based on the unmagnetized virial theorem including tidal force shows that

84

−
37

+
16

%

of the total gas mass is tidally stable, which accounts for the majority of gas mass. Turbulence dominates the internal energy and thereby sets the threshold densities 10–100 times higher than the tidal limit at distance ≥1.5 pc to Sgr A*, and therefore it inhibits the clouds from collapsing to form stars near the SMBH. However, within the central 1 pc, the tidal force overrides turbulence and the threshold densities for a gravitational collapse quickly grow to ≥ 108 cm−3.
Shaping “Ears” in Planetary Nebulae by Early Jets
Authors: Akashi Muhammad , Soker Noam
Published: May 2021

We conduct three-dimensional hydrodynamical numerical simulations of planetary nebula (PN) shaping and show that jets that precede the ejection of the main PN shell can form the morphological feature of ears. Ears are two opposite protrusions from the main nebula that are smaller than the main nebula and with a cross section that decreases monotonically from the base of an ear at the shell to its far end. Only a very small fraction of PNe have ears. The short-lived jets, about a year in the present simulations, interact with the regular asymptotic giant branch wind to form the ears, while the later blown dense wind forms the main PN dense shell. Namely, the jets are older than the main PN shell. We also find that for the jets to inflate ears they cannot be too energetic, cannot be too wide, and cannot be too slow. A flow structure where short-lived jets precede the main phase of nebula ejection by a few years or less can result from a system that enters a common envelope evolution. The low mass companion accretes mass through an accretion disk and launches jets just before it enters the envelope of the giant progenitor star of the PN. Shortly after that the companion enters the envelope and spirals-in to eject the envelope that forms the main PN shell.
Intergalactic Heating by Lyα Photons Including Hyperfine Structure Corrections
Authors: Meiksin Avery
Published: May 2021

Lyα photons from the first radiating sources in the universe play a pivotal role in 21 cm radio detections of Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization. Comments are provided on the effect of the hyperfine structure of hydrogen on the rate of heating or cooling of the Intergalactic Medium by Lyα photons.
A Comparative Analysis of a Mobile App to Practise Oral Skills: in Classroom or Self-directed Use?
Authors: Ibanez Ana , Vermeulen Anna
Published: May 2021

In this paper we present our findings on analyzing two different uses of a mobile application, VISP (VIdeos-for-SPeaking), designed to promote oral skills based on audio description: one use is integrated in the classroom and the other one is self-directed. Participants were divided in two groups: one group received an introduction on audio description and an explanation of how to use the app. They were also informed about what was expected from them. The other group was just asked to download the app and try it out, that is, they were supposed to direct their own learning autonomously. The results show that, regarding language practice, VISP is equally effective as a support tool in the classroom and as an independent app, used outside the classroom. However, when it comes to attitudinal issues, the group of students who used the app as part of the classroom activities were more positive towards the app than the ones who used the app in a self-directed way, who were less motivated about the app uses and benefits. This shows the effectivity and potential of mobile apps as support resources in the foreign language classroom and the need to design strategies to improve VISP towards learners’ autonomy and self regulated learning.
The Effect of Visual Design Self-Efficacy of Language Teachers on Mobile Learning Attitudes During the Pandemic Period
Authors: Terzioglu Oz Cagla , Uzunboylu Hüseyin , Ozcinar Zehra
Published: May 2021

The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between language teachers’ self-efficacy perceptions towards graphic development and their mobile education attitudes during the pandemic period. For this purpose, in working together, language teachers’ gender, year of birth, branch, seniority, the education level they teach, the province where they work, their education status, whether they have done any work on graphics, whether they have attended a course on graphic development, m-learning experience and distance were examined in terms of how often it included visual elements while creating their lessons in education and which tool was mostly used when teaching in mobile education. The sample of the study consists of 307 language teachers, selected by the snowball sampling method, working in schools in different provinces. The data of the study were obtained using the Information Form, Self- Efficacy Scale for Graphic Development and Mobile Education Attitude Scale. Arithmetic mean, percentage, frequency, reliability analysis, normality test and Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient analyses were used in the analysis of the data obtained. The mobile education attitude level of language teachers is ‘I am undecided’ and the level of self-efficacy is ‘I can do less’. As a result of the analysis, it has been shown that there is a low-level, positively significant relationship between the self-efficacy of language teachers in developing graphical elements and their mobile learning attitudes during the pandemic period.
Recreation effects on wildlife: a review of potential quantitative thresholds
Authors: Dertien Jeremy S. , Larson Courtney L. , Reed Sarah E.
Published: May 2021

Outdoor recreation is increasingly recognised for its deleterious effects on wildlife individuals and populations. However, planners and natural resource managers lack robust scientific recommendations for the design of recreation infrastructure and management of recreation activities. We reviewed 38 years of research on the effect of non-consumptive recreation on wildlife to attempt to identify effect thresholds or the point at which recreation begins to exhibit behavioural or physiological change to wildlife. We found that 53 of 330 articles identified a quantitative threshold. The majority of threshold articles focused on bird or mammal species and measured the distance to people or to a trail. Threshold distances varied substantially within and amongst taxonomic groups. Threshold distances for wading and passerine birds were generally less than 100 m, whereas they were greater than 400 m for hawks and eagles. Mammal threshold distances varied widely from 50 m for small rodents to 1,000 m for large ungulates. We did not find a significant difference between threshold distances of different recreation activity groups, likely based in part on low sample size. There were large gaps in scientific literature regarding several recreation variables and taxonomic groups including amphibians, invertebrates and reptiles. Our findings exhibit the need for studies to measure continuous variables of recreation extent and magnitude, not only to detect effects of recreation on wildlife, but also to identify effect thresholds when and where recreation begins or ceases to affect wildlife. Such considerations in studies of recreation ecology could provide robust scientific recommendations for planners and natural resource managers for the design of recreation infrastructure and management of recreation activities.
New or little-known Boreoheptagyia (Diptera, Chironomidae) in China inferred from morphology and DNA barcodes
Authors: Lin Xiao-Long , Yu Hai-Jun , Wang Xin-Hua , Bu Wen-Jun , Yan Chun-Cai , Liu Wen-Bin
Published: May 2021

The male adult of Boreoheptagyia zhengi Lin & Liu, sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on material collected in China. Associated morphological characteristics and reference to its DNA barcode are provided. Boreoheptagyia kurobebrevis (Sasa & Okazawa, 1992) is newly recorded from China based on both a male and female, with additional associated data on the DNA barcode of the male adult. A neighbor-joining tree based on available Boreoheptagyia DNA barcodes and a key to the adults of Boreoheptagyia from China are given.
Émotions et sensibilité aux valeurs : quatre conceptions philosophiques contemporaines
Authors: Bonard Constant
Published: May 2021

Cette discussion examine plusieurs façons de comprendre les émotions comme des réactions évaluatives. Il existe un consensus dans les sciences affectives qui veut que les émotions paradigmatiques soient faites de quatre composants : catégorisation du stimulus, tendances à l’action, changements corporels et aspect phénoménal. L’article expose les quatre principales théories dans la philosophie contemporaine des émotions et montre qu’elles ont tendance à se focaliser sur l’un ou l’autre des quatre composants des émotions pour expliquer leur nature évaluative. La conclusion est qu’il est possible de rendre compte des émotions comme réactions évaluatives à ces quatre niveaux et que, pour cette raison, les conceptions présentées sont plus complémentaires qu’on ne le suppose généralement.
Présentation de la leçon de Thomas Reid sur La Théorie des sentiments moraux d’Adam Smith
Authors: Jaffro Laurent
Published: May 2021

La leçon de la main de Thomas Reid (1710-1796) qui est ici traduite et présentée date de ses années d’enseignement dans la chaire de philosophie morale à Glasgow. Elle consiste en la discussion intransigeante de la « théorie » du titulaire précédent, Adam Smith (1723-1790). Le « système de la sympathie » exposé dans The theory of moral sentiments est l’objet de plusieurs objections, puisées dans l’arsenal que Reid emploie dans son attaque générale contre toutes les formes de sentimentalisme moral qui s’appuient unilatéralement sur la composante affective des évaluations. Le texte montre que Francis Hutcheson et David Hume n’étaient pas les seules cibles de cette critique et met en lumière certaines difficultés et certaines audaces de la « théorie de la morale » d’Adam Smith.
Porosité des frontières entre sport durable et sport non durable dans les parcs naturels aménagés
Authors: Birks Charlotte
Published: May 2021

Les termes « sports durables » laissent penser dans leur acception courante qu’il existerait, d’un côté, des actes sportifs durables et de l’autre, des actes sportifs non durables. Cet article montre comment la coupure entre ces deux types d’acte en opposition fait l’objet d’ambiguïté auprès des acteurs qui se les réapproprient, en particulier lorsque les enjeux inhérents à leurs environnements de travail les contraignent à osciller entre ces deux concepts. À partir de l’analyse de trois cas contrastés, les résultats montrent comment la production de l’offre de sport et loisirs dans des parcs verts urbains et périurbains consiste précisément à rendre poreuses les frontières entre la mise en place de gestes dits « durables » et « non durables ».
Entrer en résonance avec le monde par des pratiques holistiques
Authors: Long Thierry , Caulier Éric , Chenault Marceau
Published: May 2021

Peut-on parler de sport durable ? Cet article rassemble des recherches de différents champs disciplinaires, concernant des aspects du sport, fondés sur l’affrontement, le culte de la performance, le spectacle, ce qui n’est en rien durable. Épuisant l’ensemble des ressources du vivant, il est le reflet de notre société consumériste. L’analyse esquissée montre que le passage aux activités physiques durables nécessite une transformation idéologique et éthique profonde. Comment développer un respect de l’environnement, des autres et de son propre Soi, comme cela existait dans les jeux traditionnels ? Des activités comme le Taijiquan qui font référence aux philosophies en acte s’avèrent des voies intéressantes pour repenser notre rapport au monde et développer les pratiques durables, particulièrement adaptées aux multiples défis contemporains.
La Reconstruction d’Âmes de Fous (1918) de Germaine Dulac
Authors: Lafite Clément
Published: May 2021

Comment peut-on envisager la présentation d’un film considéré jusqu’alors comme perdu, dont les seuls éléments subsistants sont de courts fragments de pellicule et des éléments non filmiques ? Cet article propose de revenir sur les différentes étapes de reconstruction du film Âmes de Fous de Germaine Dulac et d’en théoriser une piste de valorisation. L’identification des fragments, la reconstruction d’une trame narrative s’appuyant sur l’analyse de documents d’époque et la présentation du résultat de cette recherche au public sont les différents aspects discutés ici. Cet article revient par ailleurs sur la recherche historiographique effectuée en amont de la reconstruction et tente de replacer ce film dans le contexte de l’œuvre de Germaine Dulac.
Quels enseignements peut-on tirer du PISA : l’exemple des écarts de performances entre les sexes
Authors: Jakubowski Maciej , Borgonovi Francesca
Published: May 2021

Le présent article étudie la façon dont les données de l’enquête PISA peuvent servir à l’analyse des variations des écarts de performance scolaire, de certains comportements et attitudes des garçons et des filles de 15 ans, selon les pays. Durant la majeure partie du XXe siècle, la question des différences entre les sexes en matière d’éducation concernait principalement le désavantage subi par les filles et leur moindre performance. Plus récemment, ce sont les résultats inférieurs des garçons en compréhension de l’écrit, et des filles en mathématiques, qui sont devenus le centre des préoccupations. Cet article montre comment les données de l’enquête PISA peuvent orienter l’élaboration de politiques visant à réduire les écarts entre les sexes en matière d’éducation. Il révèle l’étonnante similitude de ces écarts à travers les pays ayant participé à l’enquête PISA. Les garçons figurent ainsi plus souvent parmi les élèves les plus performants en mathématiques et en sciences, mais également parmi ceux qui ne possèdent pas les compétences élémentaires en compréhension de l’écrit. Les écarts de performance ne sont cependant pas liés aux aspirations professionnelles. Ainsi, même les filles les plus performantes en mathématiques envisagent rarement de faire carrière dans les sciences, la technologie, l’ingénierie et les mathématiques. Les attitudes et les convictions semblent en effet jouer un rôle plus important dans la genèse des différences d’aspirations professionnelles entre les sexes.
Using TIMSS and PIRLS to improve teaching and learning
Authors: Mullis Ina V.S. , Martin Michael O.
Published: May 2021

The article will describe the opportunities that TIMSS data provide for evidence-based decision making. TIMSS collects extensive data about the mathematics and science curricula in the participating countries, as well as the characteristics of effective schools and classroom environments for learning. Participating countries use the results in various ways to explore educational issues, and several examples will be described.
L’École Républicaine est-elle le fruit des idées et de valeurs protestantes ?
Authors: Ruolt Anne
Published: May 2021

L’École de Ferry est-elle la « fille du protestantisme » ? En comparant les idées et les valeurs du courant oublié, incarné par Guizot à celui incarné par Buisson, cet article pose la question de la pertinence de l’hypothèse posée par le Pasteur Paumier « [qu’] au lieu d’une religion d’État, on semble vouloir nous imposer une irréligion d’État ». Dans un premier temps, à partir des écrits et rapports d’AG de François Guizot et Louis Frédéric François Gauthey repris par le président Charles Robert et les autres acteurs de la Société pour l’Encouragement de l’Instruction Primaire parmi les Protestants de France (SEIPPF) lorsque les lois Ferry furent promulguées, l’article rappelle l’existence d’un courant protestant-orthodoxe oublié qui, en s’élevant contre les « trois étoiles » de la pensée de Buisson pour l’école, montre que l’École de Ferry n’a pas été le fruit des idées et des valeurs de ce courant du protestantisme vivifié par le Réveil de Genève. Ensuite, dans un deuxième temps, l’article analyse la pensée de Buisson dans une perspective philosophico-théologique, et montre à partir des écrits fondateurs de sa philosophie, comment il s’est résolument écarté autant du protestantisme orthodoxe qu’hétérodoxe pour fonder un « autre parti » plus proche d’Auguste Comte que de Jean Calvin. L’École de Ferry selon Buisson n’est-elle pas plutôt : « fille d’un scientisme anti-dogmatique » ?
La mise au jour d’un contrat réflexif comme régulateur de démarches de recherche participative : le cas d'une recherche-action et d'une recherche collaborative
Authors: Bednarz Nadine , Desgagné Serge , Maheux Jean-François , Zajc Lorraine Savoie
Published: May 2021

Les recherches participatives mettent en avant une vision différente de la recherche réalisée de concert avec les acteurs directement concernés par les phénomènes investigués, obligeant à repenser les rapports traditionnellement vus comme étant ceux de l’expert (le chercheur) et de l’exécutant (l’usager, le praticien). Pour mieux comprendre ces dynamiques de recherche en éducation, nous nous sommes intéressés aux dynamiques fines d’interactions qui s’élaborent entre les chercheurs et les praticiens au sein des espaces réflexifs mis en place. Notre analyse prend appui sur le concept de contrat réflexif informel et porte sur deux collectifs de recherche, l’un s’inscrivant dans une démarche de recherche-action, l’autre de recherche collaborative.
Le métier impossible des moniteurs de Maison Familiale Rurale : analyse de l’activité, entre l’audace d’un projet et la réalité du terrain
Authors: Charil Violaine
Published: May 2021

A l’heure où l’organisation du travail est parfois montrée du doigt, où les méthodes de management sont minutieusement observées, nous avons souhaité nous intéresser à une structure de formation parfois méconnue : Les Maisons Familiales Rurales (MFR) et plus particulièrement aux formateurs se trouvant au cœur de cette organisation. Ces formateurs se font aussi appeler moniteurs car leurs missions sont variées et vont au-delà de l’enseignement, de la transmission d’un savoir, d’un savoir-faire ou d’un savoir-être. Eduquer, enseigner sont des actes souvent classés aujourd’hui dans les métiers impossibles. Formateur en MFR ferait donc partie de ces métiers impossibles. Dans notre travail de recherche, qui s’inscrit dans le cadre de la didactique professionnelle, nous nous sommes intéressée à la façon dont ces moniteurs articulent toutes ces missions, faisant l’hypothèse d’organisateurs de l’activité. Nous avons, donc, fait le choix d’une méthodologie de l’analyse de l’activité regroupant à la fois la technique de l’instruction au sosie chère à Y. Clot et celle des incidents critiques développées par J. Leplat en ergonomie. Nos résultats nous amènent à poser de nouvelles questions liées à l’évolution de l’organisation du travail au sein des MFR, et à l’évolution de la société ; puis à reconnaître l’importance du collectif et du travail en équipe dans ces structures.
TCR Affinity Controls the Dynamics but Not the Functional Specification of the Antimycobacterial CD4+ T Cell Response
Authors: Bhattacharyya Nayan D. , Counoupas Claudio , Daniel Lina , Zhang Guoliang , Cook Stuart J. , Cootes Taylor A. , Stifter Sebastian A. , Bowen David G. , Triccas James A. , Bertolino Patrick , Britton Warwick J. , Feng Carl G.
Published: May 2021

The quality of T cell responses depends on the lymphocytes’ ability to undergo clonal expansion, acquire effector functions, and traffic to the site of infection. Although TCR signal strength is thought to dominantly shape the T cell response, by using TCR transgenic CD4+ T cells with different peptide:MHC binding affinity, we reveal that TCR affinity does not control Th1 effector function acquisition or the functional output of individual effectors following mycobacterial infection in mice. Rather, TCR affinity calibrates the rate of cell division to synchronize the distinct processes of T cell proliferation, differentiation, and trafficking. By timing cell division–dependent IL-12R expression, TCR affinity controls when T cells become receptive to Th1-imprinting IL-12 signals, determining the emergence and magnitude of the Th1 effector pool. These findings reveal a distinct yet cooperative role for IL-12 and TCR binding affinity in Th1 differentiation and suggest that the temporal activation of clones with different TCR affinity is a major strategy to coordinate immune surveillance against persistent pathogens.
Ant diversity on the largest Mediterranean islands: on the presence or absence of 28 species in Sicily (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Authors: Schifani Enrico , Csősz Sándor , Viviano Roberto , Alicata Antonio
Published: May 2021

The ant fauna of Sicily, the largest island in the Mediterranean basin, has been significantly overlooked over the time. Drafting a reliable Sicilian ant checklist requires extensive field surveys, a careful review of the literature and of museum specimens, as well as the taxonomic investigation of some problematic issues. As a part of these ongoing efforts, we present our results on the presence or absence of 25 species. By analyzing specimens collected during the last 35 years across the island and reviewing old records in the light of present-day taxonomy, we provide evidence of the presence of 9 species (Camponotus ruber, Lasius myops, L. platythorax, Plagiolepis schmitzii, Ponera testacea, Solenopsis orbula, Temnothorax clypeatus, T. nylanderi, and T. ravouxi), while suggesting the absence of 19 others (Camponotus ligniperda, C. sicheli, C. spissinodis, Formica lugubris, Lasius alienus, L. flavus, L. niger, L. paralienus, Messor minor, M. wasmanni, Monomorium monomorium, Myrmica scabrinodis, M. spinosior, Nylanderia sp. 2 sensu Schifani & Alicata 2018, Solenopsis fugax, Temnothorax luteus, T. tuberum, Tetramorium caespitum, and T. indocile). Similar studies are necessary across Italy, as a significant portion of the existing ant records is outdated due to the evolved taxonomic framework.
Invariance Testing of the Disablement in the Physically Active Scale Short Form-10
Authors: Casanova Madeline P. , Baker Russell T. , Pickering Michael A. , Baker Jayme G.
Published: May 2021

Context

Psychometrically sound instruments are needed to accurately track the effectiveness of treatment and assess the quality of patient care. The Disablement in the Physically Active (DPA) scale Short Form-10 (SF-10) was developed as a more parsimonious version of the Disablement in the Physically Active scale to assess disablement in the physically active. Psychometric assessment of the DPA SF-10 has not been completed; specifically, the scale properties must be assessed among a sample of individuals who respond only to the 10-item scale at multiple time points.

Objective

To assess the psychometric properties of the DPA SF-10 using confirmatory factor analysis and invariance procedures across multiple time points.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Confirmatory factor analyses and longitudinal invariance tests were conducted.

Results

The DPA SF-10 met contemporary fit index recommendations and demonstrated longitudinal invariance; however, localized fit concerns suggest further modification is needed.

Conclusions

Adoption of the DPA SF-10 into widespread clinical practice and research is not recommended until further psychometric testing and scale modification are performed.
Case report: Control of intestinal nematodes in captive Chlorocebus sabaeus
Authors: Cruz Katalina , Corey Tatiana M. , Vandenplas Michel , Trelis María , Osuna Antonio , Kelly Patrick J.
Published: May 2021

There are limited data on the efficacy of antiparasitic treatments and husbandry methods to control nematode infections in captive populations of African green monkeys (AGMs), Chlorocebus sabaeus. In faecal egg count (FEC) tests, 10 of the 11 (91%) adult male AGMs captured from the large feral population on the island of St Kitts had evidence of nematode infections, mostly Capillaria (8/11, 73%), Trichuris trichiura (7/11, 64%) and strongylid species (7/11, 64%) specifically (hookworm and Trichostrongylus, 50/50), but also Strongyloides fuelleborni (1/11, 9%). When kept in individual cages with cleaning and feeding regimens to prevent reinfections and treated concurrently with ivermectin (300 µg/kg, given subcutaneously) and albendazole (10 mg/kg, given orally) daily for 3 days, 60% (6/10) of the AGMs were negative at a follow-up FEC at 3 months and by FEC and necropsy at the end of the study 5–8 months later. One monkey appeared to have been reinfected with T. trichiura after being negative by FEC at 3 months post-treatment. Four AGMs were positive for T. trichiura at the 3 month FEC follow-up but were negative at the end of the study after one further treatment regimen. Although initially being cleared of Capillaria following treatment, three AGMs were found to be infected at the end of the study. The ivermectin and albendazole treatment regimen coupled with good husbandry practices to prevent reinfections effectively controlled nematode infections in captive AGMs.
Hypomagnesemia as a Cardiometabolic Risk Marker in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Azeez Taoreed Adegoke , Sonuga Oyebola Oluwagbemiga
Published: May 2021

Background:

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. However, studies have suggested a possible link between hypomagnesemia and cardiovascular risk, but these studies are scanty in sub-Saharan Africa. This present study aimed to investigate the association between plasma magnesium and cardiovascular risk factors among type 2 diabetes patients.

Methods:

Seventy type 2 diabetes patients, with equal gender distribution, in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria were recruited. Ethical approval was obtained. Anthropometric measures were done as recommended. Plasma magnesium and fasting lipid profiles measured using standard protocols.

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 53.34 ± 9.57 years. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus among the participants was 6.29 ± 2.78 years. Central obesity and hypertension are the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes. About 38.6% of the participants had suboptimal glycemic control. Nearly 64.3% had dyslipidemia. The frequency of hypomagnesemia among the participants was 25.7%. Hypomagnesemia was significantly associated with the presence of dyslipidemia (P = 0.042) and suboptimal glycemic control (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

Hypomagnesemia is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Therefore, plasma magnesium could be used as a cheap marker of cardiovascular risk in low-resource settings like sub-Saharan Africa.
Can combined multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate and prostate-specific antigen density improve the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer
Authors: Yadav Kuldeep , Sureka Binit , Elhence Poonam , Choudhary Gautam Ram , Pandey Himanshu , Garg Pawan Kumar , Yadav Taruna , Khera Pushpinder Singh
Published: May 2021

Objective:

The objective of the study was to validate PIRADS v2 on 3T MRI with secondary assessment if combination of the PIRADS v2 and PSA density improves detection of clinically significant prostate cancer.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a prospective study evaluating 58 patients with PSA value of >4 ng/ml from July 2017 to December 2019. Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) guided targeted biopsy was performed via cognitive targeting followed by systemic 12 core biopsy. Two cognitive fusion-targeted biopsy cores were added for each lesion in patients who had suspicious or equivocal lesions on mpMRI. The PI-RADS scoring system version 2.0 (PI-RADS v2) was used to describe the MRI findings.

Results:

Total of 112 lesions of 58 patients were assessed via mpMRI followed by TRUS guided biopsy. A PI-RADS v2 score of ≥4 irrespective of PSA density categories and a PI-RADS v2 score of 3 with PSA density of ≥0.15 ng/mL/cc, yielded the highest overall prostate cancer and clinically significant prostate cancer detection rate. Contrary to, a PI-RADS v2 score of ≤3 and a PSA densitay of <0.15 ng/ mL/mL(low risk group), which yielded no clinically significant prostate cancer.

Conclusion:

Both PIRADS v2 score and PSA density are eminently sensitive and specific in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancers individually. However the combination of PIRADS v2 and PSA density significantly improved the accuracy of clinically significant prostate cancer detection. Patients with combination of PIRADS v2 score3 3 and PSA density3 0.15 ng/ml/cc should undergo prostate biopsy.
Hypofractionated radiotherapy versus conventional radiotherapy in early glottic cancer T1-2N0M0
Authors: Kachhwaha Avni , Jakhar Shankar Lal , Syiem Tanya , Sharma Neeti , Kumar Harvinder Singh , Sharma Ajay
Published: May 2021

Objective:

Glottic cancer has an excellent probability of cure. The early glottic cancer is usually treated by radiotherapy with different fractionation schedules. The aim of this study was to compare conventional versus hypofractionated radiotherapy with respect to overall survival and disease-free survival.

Materials and Methods:

A total of fifty patients with T1-2N0M0 glottic cancer with no previous treatment history were prospectively randomized into two arms. In Arm A (Study), patients received a total of 55 Gy in 20# at 2.75 Gy/#, 5 days a week. In Arm B (Control), patients received a total of 66 Gy in 33# at 2 Gy/#, 5 days a week. Disease response was evaluated by the WHO criteria at the end of treatment, then at 1, 2, and 3 months to complete their 6-month follow-up. Overall survival and disease-free survival were evaluated at 1, 2, and 3 years.

Results:

Overall, 100% of patients in the study arm and 96% of patients in the control arm had complete response after 6 months. Overall survival rates at 1, 2, and 3 years were 96%, 96%, and 88%, respectively, in the study arm, while in the control arm, these values were 92%, 84%, and 80%, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Disease-free survival at 3 years was 88% in the study arm and 80% in the control arm.

Conclusion:

The study suggests that hypofractionated regimen may be better in local control and symptomatic relief with the added advantage of shorter treatment time, which offers better patient compliance and advantageous in busy setups where there is heavy patient load.
Words, permutations, and the nonsolvable length of a finite group
Authors: Bors Alexander , Shalev Aner
Published: May 2021

We study the impact of certain identities and probabilistic identities on the structure of finite groups. More specifically, let

w

be a nontrivial word in

d

distinct variables and let

G

be a finite group for which the word map

w_G\colon G^d\rightarrow G

has a fiber of size at least

\rho|G|^d

for some fixed

\rho > 0

. We show that, for certain words

w

, this implies that

G

has a normal solvable subgroup of index bounded above in terms of

w

and

\rho

. We also show that, for a larger family of words

w

, this implies that the nonsolvable length of

G

is bounded above in terms of

w

and

\rho

, thus providing evidence in favor of a conjecture of Larsen.

Along the way we obtain results of independent interest on permutation groups; e.g. we show, roughly, that most elements of large finite permutation groups have large support.
Strongly minimal groups in o-minimal structures
Authors: Eleftheriou Pantelis E. , Hasson Assaf , Peterzil Ya'acov
Published: May 2021

We prove Zilber’s Trichotomy Conjecture for strongly minimal expansions of 2-dimensional groups, definable in o-minimal structures:

Theorem.
Let

\mathcal{M}

be an o-minimal expansion of a real closed field,

\langle G;+\rangle

a 2-dimensional group definable in

\mathcal{M}

, and

\mathcal{D}=\langle G;+,\ldots\rangle

a strongly minimal structure, all of whose atomic relations are definable in

\mathcal{M}

. If

\mathcal{D}

is not locally modular, then an algebraically closed field

K

is interpretable in

\mathcal{D}

, and the group

G

, with all its induced

\mathcal{D}

-structure, is definably isomorphic in

\mathcal{D}

to an algebraic

K

-group with all its induced

K

-structure.
Study of microbial spread when using multiple-use nasal anaesthetic spray
Authors: Rashid M. , Karagama Y.G.
Published: May 2021

Background: Current economic constraints have led to the emergence of reusable anaesthetic sprays with replacement nozzles (Xylocaine) as an alternative to disposable anaesthetic solutions (Co-phenylcaine) for rhinological procedures. The former costs 213.84 per year vers12,047.69 for the latter, at equivocal doses. However, research regarding the sterility of such instruments is limited. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine whether bottles of Xylocaine could pose a risk of cross-infection to patients. Methods: Two techniques were used. The first was to introduce nozzles into methylene blue and fluorescein dyes, and then analysing the anaesthetic solutions using spectrophotometry for assessment of colour change indicating retrograde contamination. The second method involved spraying Xylocaine into cultures of Staphylococcus aureus with concurrent nozzle changes. This was repeated over a 36-day-period. Sterility checks were performed on the Xylocaine before and after inoculation into the culture. Results: None of the anaesthetic solutions showed the presence of dyed saline following spectrophotometric analysis. No S. aureus was isolated from any of the 30 spray bottles cultures over the 36-day trial period. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that using the Xylocaine spray with disposable nozzles for each patient should not pose a cross infection risk to patients.