bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of DmTTLL5 as a Major Tubulin Glutamylase in the Drosophila Nervous System
Authors: Devambez Isabelle , van Dijk Juliette , Benlefki Salim , Layalle Sophie , Grau Yves , Rogowski Krzysztof , Parmentier Marie-Laure , Soustelle Laurent
Published: November 2017

Microtubules (MTs) play crucial roles during neuronal life. They are formed by heterodimers of alpha and beta-tubulins, which are subjected to several post-translational modifications (PTMs). Amongst them, glutamylation consists in the reversible addition of a variable number of glutamate residues to the C-terminal tails of tubulins. Glutamylation is the most abundant MT PTM in the mammalian adult brain, suggesting that it plays an important role in the nervous system (NS). Here, we show that the previously uncharacterized CG31108 gene encodes an alpha-tubulin glutamylase acting in the Drosophila NS. We show that this glutamylase, which we named DmTTLL5, initiates MT glutamylation specifically on alpha-tubulin, which are the only glutamylated tubulin in the Drosophila brain. In DmTTLL5 mutants, MT glutamylation was not detected in the NS, allowing for determining its potential function. DmTTLL5 mutants are viable and we did not find any defect in vesicular axonal transport, synapse morphology and larval locomotion. Moreover, DmTTLL5 mutant flies display normal negative geotaxis behavior and their lifespan is not altered. Thus, our work identifies DmTTLL5 as the major enzyme responsible for initiating neuronal MT glutamylation specifically on alpha-tubulin and we show that the absence of MT glutamylation is not detrimental for Drosophila NS function.
Habitat foraging niche of a High Arctic zooplanktivorous seabird in a changing environment
Authors: Jakubas Dariusz , Wojczulanis-Jakubas Katarzyna , Iliszko Lech M. , Strøm Hallvard , Stempniewicz Lech
Published: November 2017

Here, we model current and future distribution of a foraging Arctic endemic species, the little auk (Alle alle), a small zooplanktivorous Arctic seabird. We characterized environmental conditions [sea depth, sea surface temperature (SST), marginal sea ice zone (MIZ)] at foraging positions of GPS-tracked individuals from three breeding colonies in Svalbard: one located at the southern rim of the Arctic zone (hereafter ‘boreo-Arctic’) and two in the high-Arctic zone on Spitsbergen (‘high-Arctic’). The birds from one ‘high-Arctic’ colony, influenced by cold Arctic water, foraged in the shallow shelf zone near the colony. The birds from remaining colonies foraged in a wider range of depths, in a higher SST zone (‘boreo-Arctic’) or in the productive but distant MIZ (second ‘high-Arctic’ colony). Given this flexible foraging behaviour, little auks may be temporarily resilient to moderate climate changes. However, our fuzzy logic models of future distribution under scenarios of 1 °C and 2 °C SST increase predict losses of suitable foraging habitat for the majority of little auk colonies studied. Over longer time scales negative consequences of global warming are inevitable. The actual response of little auks to future environmental conditions will depend on the range of their plasticity and pace of ecosystem changes.
A Distinct Endocytic Mechanism of Functionalized-Silica Nanoparticles in Breast Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Sun Jiadong , Liu Yajing , Ge Min , Zhou Guoqiang , Sun Wentong , Liu Dandan , Liang Xing-Jie , Zhang Jinchao
Published: November 2017

Nanoparticles provide new fields for life medical science application, including targeted-drug delivery and cancer treatment. To maximize the delivery efficiency of nanoparticle, one must understand the uptake mechanism of nanoparticle in cells, which may determine their ultimate fate and localization in cells. Recently, the proposed-cancer stem cell (CSC) theory has been attracted great attention and regarded as new targets for the new nanodrug developmet and cancer therapies. The interaction between nanoparticles and cancer cells has been extensively studied, but the uptake mechanism of nanoparticles in CSCs has received little attention. Here, we use the pharmacological inhibitors of major endocytic pathways to study the silica nanoparticle (SiNP) uptake mechanisms in the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7) and MCF-7-derived breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). The results demonstrate that the uptake of SiNPs, particularly amino-functionalized SiNPs, in MCF-7 cells is strongly affected by the actin depolymerization, whereas BCSCs more strongly inhibit the amino-functionalized SiNP uptake after the scavenger receptor disruption. These findings indicate a distinct endocytic mechanism of functionalized SiNPs in BCSCs, which is significant for designing ideal nanosized drug delivery systems and improving the selectivity for CSC-targeted therapy.
Nanogels for Brain Drug Delivery
Authors: Vashist Arti , Kaushik Ajeet , Bala Jyoti , Unwalla Hoshang , Bhardwaj Vinay , Vidya Sagar  , Madhavan Nair
Published: November 2017

Emerging nanotechnology and targeted drug delivery approaches have come up with alternative delivery carriers for better therapeutics. Nanogels are also known as hydrogel nanoparticles that have gained significant attention as a nanocarrier system. The brain, the most crucial and sensitive organ of the human body, is well known to be protected by a strong blood brain barrier (BBB), which shields it from any foreign substances. Numerous drugs are unable to cross this strong barrier and thus restricts the use of newly developed drugs to be utilized for brain disease. The diverse spectrum of nanogel-based drug delivery systems have shown promising results in transporting many therapeutics and bioactives across the BBB as well as drug delivery for various neurological disorders. The present chapter is an attempt to highlight the various nanogel systems exploited for brain drug delivery.
Magnetic Nanogel-enabled Image-guided Therapy
Authors: Tomitaka Asahi , Takemura Yasushi , Nair Madhavan
Published: November 2017

Hybrid systems combining inorganic and organic materials are emerging for biomedical applications. Magnetic nanogels, which are the integration of magnetic nanoparticles and nanogels, have great potential in the field of nanomedicine, especially in image-guided therapy. Unique magnetic properties of magnetic nanoparticles enable imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and novel imaging modalities, magnetic targeting, hyperthermia, and heat triggered controlled release. In this chapter, we summarize the imaging modalities using magnetic nanoparticles and discuss recent advances on magnetic nanogels.
Chemical synthesis and NMR spectroscopy of long stable isotope labelled RNA
Authors: Kremser J. , Strebitzer E. , Plangger R. , Juen M. A. , Nußbaumer F. , Glasner H. , Breuker K. , Kreutz C.
Published: November 2017

A synthetic access to stable isotope modified large RNAs for structural biology is introduced.
Controllable synthesis of titanium nitride nanotubes by coaxial electrospinning and their application as a durable support for oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts
Authors: Ding Zetao , Cheng Qingqing , Zou Liangliang , Fang Jianhui , Zou Zhiqing , Yang Hui
Published: November 2017

Uniform TiN nanotubes are synthesized via coaxial-electrospinning, thermal oxidation and nitridation.
Design, controlled synthesis, and properties of 2D CeO2/NiO heterostructure assemblies
Authors: Song Caixia , Zhao Jian , Li Honghao , Luo Shizhong , Tang Yubao , Wang Debao
Published: November 2017

Synthetic protocols to generate well-integrated frameworks of known composition are important for the rational design of advanced materials.
Hydrogen sorption efficiency of titanium decorated calix[4]pyrroles
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Sathe Rohit Y. , Kumar T. J. Dhilip
Published: November 2017

Ti decorated calix[4]pyrrole and octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole is explored as a potential H2storage material.
The aromatic character of [10]annulenes and dicupra[10]annulenes from current density calculations
Authors: Dimitrova Maria , Sundholm Dage
Published: November 2017

We have investigated the aromatic properties of seven low-lying isomers of [10]annulene and of the recently synthesized dicupra[10]annulene compounds that were crystallised with two or four lithium counterions (Wei et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2016, 138, 60–63).
A simple, rapid and efficient flame synthesis of ultrafine LiNi0.95−xCoxTi0.05O2 (x = 0.25 and 0.30): a versatile route to synthesize Ni-rich cathode materials for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Singh Laxman , Lee Jiwon , Kim Geun Wan , Ji Minsoo , Moon Chaewon , Lee Hansol , Ha Ji Won , Lee Youngil
Published: November 2017

A simple, rapid, and efficient flame synthesis method was developed to fabricate LiNi0.95−xCoxTi0.05O2 (x = 0.25 and 0.30) cathode materials for Li-ion batteries.
Efficient removal of uranium(vi) from simulated seawater with hyperbranched polyethylenimine (HPEI)-functionalized polyacrylonitrile fibers
Authors: Huang Guoqing , Li Wenting , Liu Qi , Liu Jingyuan , Zhang Hongsen , Li Rumin , Li Zhanshuang , Jing Xiaoyan , Wang Jun
Published: November 2017

Readily synthesized PAN–HPEI fibers for efficient removal of U(vi) from simulated seawater.
Visible light-assisted photocatalytic mineralization of diuron pesticide using novel type II CuS/Bi2W2O9 heterojunctions with a hierarchical microspherical structure
Authors: Bhoi Yagna Prakash , Behera Chinmaya , Majhi Dibyananda , Equeenuddin Sk. Md. , Mishra B. G.
Published: November 2017

A hierarchical CuS/Bi2W2O9 heterojunction photocatalyst exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of diuron achieving 95% mineralization within 3 h of irradiation.
Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube supported double-shelled hollow composites for asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Zheng Yayun , Xu Jie , Zhang Yan , Yang Xiaoshan , Zhang Yingjiu , Shang Yuanyuan
Published: November 2017

A double-shelled hollow structure N–C@NiMoO4 composite was prepared taking N-doped carbon nanotubes as a skeleton, and exhibited high electrochemical performance for supercapacitors.
Z-scheme CaIn2S4/Ag3PO4 nanocomposite with superior photocatalytic NO removal performance: fabrication, characterization and mechanistic study
Authors: Wan Shipeng , Ou Man , Zhong Qin , Zhang Shule
Published: November 2017

A Z-scheme CaIn2S4/Ag3PO4 photocatalyst with superior photocatalytic NO removal performance was fabricated and characterized, and mechanistic analysis was also carried out.
Preparation of metal oxide supported catalysts and their utilization for understanding the effect of a support on the catalytic activity
Authors: Seth Jhumur , Dubey Prashant , Chaudhari Vijay R. , Prasad Bhagavatula L. V.
Published: November 2017

A convenient way of anchoring transition metal nanoparticles onto metal oxides by means of a toluene mediated sol–gel method is described.
Phenylacrylonitrile-bridging triphenylene dimers: the columnar liquid crystals with high fluorescence in both solid state and solution
Authors: Guo Hongyu , Lin Liangbin , Qiu Jiabin , Yang Fafu
Published: November 2017

The phenylacrylonitrile-bridging triphenylene dimers were prepared and exhibited the ordered hexagonal columnar mesophase and high fluorescence in both the solid state and solution.
Highly sensitive textile-based strain sensors using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate/silver nanowire-coated nylon threads with poly-l-lysine surface modification
Authors: Eom Jimi , Heo Jae-Sang , Kim Minho , Lee Jun Ho , Park Sung Kyu , Kim Yong-Hoon
Published: November 2017

A highly sensitive textile-based strain sensor using a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate/silver nanowire -coated nylon thread is demonstrated.
Environmentally benign and diastereoselective synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted-2-imidazolines
Authors: Le Phuong Hai Anh , Cseri Levente , Whitehead George F. S. , Garforth Arthur , Budd Peter , Szekely Gyorgy
Published: November 2017

A one-pot, membrane-assisted synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted-2-imidazolines was developed, and substituent effects, reaction kinetics and mechanism by DFT were studied.
Evaluating student motivation in organic chemistry courses: moving from a lecture-based to a flipped approach with peer-led team learning
Authors: Liu Yujuan , Raker Jeffrey R. , Lewis Jennifer E.
Published: November 2017

Academic Motivation Scale-Chemistry (AMS-Chemistry), an instrument based on the self-determination theory, was used to evaluate students’ motivation in two organic chemistry courses, where one course was primarily lecture-based and the other implemented flipped classroom and peer-led team learning (Flip–PLTL) pedagogies. Descriptive statistics showed that students in both courses were more extrinsically motivated and their motivation moved in negative directions across the semester. Factorial multivariate analysis of covariance revealed a main effect of pedagogical approach. Students in the Flip–PLTL environment were significantly more motivated toward chemistry at the end of the semester while controlling for the motivation pre-test scores; however, there was no evidence for a sex main effect or an interaction effect between sex and pedagogical approach. Correlation results revealed variable relationships between motivation subscales and academic achievement at different time points. In general, intrinsic motivation subscales were significantly and positively correlated with student academic achievement;Amotivationwas negatively correlated with academic achievement. The findings in this study showed the importance of Flip–PLTL pedagogies in improving student motivation toward chemistry.
Development of a 3D graphene aerogel and 3D porous graphene/MnO2@polyaniline hybrid film for all-solid-state flexible asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Ghosh Kalyan , Yue Chee Yoon , Sk Md Moniruzzaman , Jena Rajeeb Kumar , Bi Shuguang
Published: November 2017

A porous 3D RGO/MnO2@PANI hybrid film and a 3D graphene aerogel were developed to fabricate a high-performance all-solid-state flexible asymmetric supercapacitor.
ITO nanoparticles break optical transparency/high-areal capacitance trade-off for advanced aqueous supercapacitors
Authors: Bellani Sebastiano , Najafi Leyla , Tullii Gabriele , Ansaldo Alberto , Oropesa-Nuñez Reinier , Prato Mirko , Colombo Massimo , Antognazza Maria Rosa , Bonaccorso Francesco
Published: November 2017

Indium tin oxide nanoparticles break optical transparency/high-areal capacitance trade-off for advanced aqueous supercapacitors.
Sputtering deposition of gold nanoparticles onto graphene oxide functionalized with ionic liquids: biosensor materials for cholesterol detection
Authors: Galdino Nathália M. , Brehm Gabriele S. , Bussamara Roberta , Gonçalves Wellington D. G. , Abarca Gabriel , Scholten Jackson D.
Published: November 2017

The sputtering deposition of Au nanoparticles onto ionic liquid-graphene oxide combined with cholesterol oxidase affords an efficient biosensor for cholesterol detection.
Sky-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence material employing a diphenylethyne acceptor for organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: He Zuozheng , Cai Xinyi , Wang Zhiheng , Li Yunchuan , Xu Zhida , Liu Kunkun , Chen Dongcheng , Su Shi-Jian
Published: November 2017

The first blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecule containing diphenylethyne as the acceptor, 1,2-bis(4-(10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)phenyl)ethyne, is reported.
Occurrence and persistence of magnetic elements in the quiet Sun
Authors: Giannattasio F. , Berrilli F. , Consolini G. , Del Moro D. , Gošić M. , Bellot Rubio L.
Published: November 2017

Context.Turbulent convection efficiently transports energy up to the solar photosphere, but its multi-scale nature and dynamic properties are still not fully understood. Several works in the literature have investigated the emergence of patterns of convective and magnetic nature in the quiet Sun at spatial and temporal scales from granular to global.

Aims.To shed light on the scales of organisation at which turbulent convection operates, and its relationship with the magnetic flux therein, we studied characteristic spatial and temporal scales of magnetic features in the quiet Sun.

Methods.Thanks to an unprecedented data set entirely enclosing a supergranule, occurrence and persistence analysis of magnetogram time series were used to detect spatial and long-lived temporal correlations in the quiet Sun and to investigate their nature.

Results.A relation between occurrence and persistence representative for the quiet Sun was found. In particular, highly recurrent and persistent patterns were detected especially in the boundary of the supergranular cell. These are due to moving magnetic elements undergoing motion that behaves like a random walk together with longer decorrelations (~2 h) with respect to regions inside the supergranule. In the vertices of the supegranular cell the maximum observed occurrence is not associated with the maximum persistence, suggesting that there are different dynamic regimes affecting the magnetic elements.
Thermodynamic analysis of Mo(VI)-Fe(III)-S(VI)-H2O system for separation of molybdenum and iron
Authors: Xiao Chao , Zeng Li , Xiao Liansheng , Zhang Guiqing
Published: November 2017

The separation of molybdenum and iron is one of key issues of the hydrometallurgical preparation of pure molybdenum chemical products. The thermodynamic equilibrium diagrams for distribution of species at different pH values and different concentrations of molybdenum, iron and sulfur with the systems of Mo(VI)-H2O, Fe(III)-S(VI)-H2O and Mo(VI)-Fe(III)-S(VI)-H2O at 298 K were established, separately. Thermodynamic analysis results revealed that both molybdenum and iron were transformed from their anions to cations with the decrease in pH values. The pHMf0.5 for the conversion of molybdenum anions to cations decreased from 0.92 to 0.20 with the increase in the molybdenum concentration from 0.05 mol/L to 1 mol/L (pHMf50 is defined as the pH value when target metal anions occupy 50% mole fraction of total). The total sulfur concentration has significant effect on the conversion of iron (III) species with the pH change. The separation of molybdenum (VI) and iron (III) from acidic solutions using a tertiary amine extractant N235 could be achieved by decreasing the total sulfur concentration and controlling the equilibrium pH in an optimum range. The verification test results showed that the operating window for the separation of Mo(VI) and Fe(III) from a solution containing 0.01 mol/L [Mo]T, 0.05 mol/L [Fe]T and 1.15 mol/L [S]T was in the pH range of 0.5–1.0, which was consistent with the thermodynamic analysis.
Scope and Optimization of the Double Knorr Cyclization:
Synthesis of Novel Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Tricyclic
1,8-Diazaanthraquinones
Authors: Sun Dianqing , Prior Allan
Published: November 2017

The Knorr cyclization of β-ketoanilides to form 2-quinolones in the presence of acid is well documented chemistry. Double Knorr cyclization is rare, with very few examples appearing in the literature to date. The double Knorr methodology can provide access to tricyclic 1,8-diazaanthraquinones, a scaffold seen in the diazaquinomycin family. The optimized synthesis of diazaquinomycin A and structural analogues thereof via double Knorr cyclization of di-β-ketoanilide precursor substrates is reported. The scope and generality of the double Knorr cyclization were investigated along with an optimization study. The double Knorr cyclization was found to be sensitive to steric bulk on precursor substrates. In addition, the presence of a 5-hydroxy group on the 1,3-di-β-ketoanilide facilitated the double Knorr cyclization, possibly due to its stabilizing effect on the carbocation intermediates formed during the reaction.
Schmerz in der Gruppe lösen
Authors: Kürz-Weis Beate
Published: November 2017

Wieder Spaß an Bewegung finden – Menschen mit chronischen Schmerzen erscheint dies am Anfang der Therapie oft schwer erreichbar. In der
Bewegungsgruppe Schmerzstörung nähern sich Patienten diesem Ziel mithilfe einer psychosomatischen Schmerzphysiotherapie Schritt für
Schritt an. Zunächst gilt es, wieder Vertrauen in den eigenen Körper zu gewinnen.
Wissenschaft und Praxis
Authors: Reichert Bernhard , Egger Bernd
Published: November 2017

Die Bedeutung von Forschungswissen im physiotherapeutischen Alltag untersuchte eine Online-Befragung deutschsprachiger Therapeuten. Die
Teilnehmer informieren sich regelmäßig über Forschungswissen in elektronischen Medien. Jedoch setzt sich nur eine (studierte) Minderheit mit
verschriftlichtem Wissen auseinander.
Perioperative Infusionstherapie bei Kindern – die neue S1-Leitlinie
Authors: Sümpelmann Robert
Published: November 2017

In der neuen S1-Leitlinie 1 wurden die Handlungsempfehlungen des wissenschaftlichen Arbeitskreises Kinderanästhesie (WAKKA) von 2006 2 durch eine repräsentativ zusammengesetzte Expertengruppe aktualisiert und nach dem Regelwerk der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF) überarbeitet 3.
Brillengläser – eine Übersicht
Authors: Buser Annemarie , Michels Ralf , Baumbach Peter
Published: November 2017

Die Frage, welches das richtige Brillenglas sei, lässt sich nicht eindeutig beantworten, die Antwort ist von vielen Faktoren abhängig. Je nach Sehanforderungen gibt es nicht ein richtiges Brillenglas, sondern es muss ein Kompromiss zwischen verschiedenen Eigenschaften gefunden werden. Dieser Artikel möchte eine Hilfestellung bei der Beantwortung der Frage nach dem für den individuellen Patienten bzw. für die jeweilige Anforderung optimalen Brillenglas geben.
Arterielle Gefäßverschlüsse der Retina
Authors: Lang Gabriele , Lang Stefan
Published: November 2017

Retinale Gefäßverschlüsse sind häufig durch eine Embolisation, seltener durch eine Thrombose im Rahmen einer Arteriitis bedingt. In der Akutphase kann die Diagnose meist klinisch gestellt werden, Schwierigkeiten bereitet sie jedoch in der chronischen Erkrankungsphase. Die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Möglichkeiten beschreibt dieser Beitrag. Wichtig ist die Abklärung möglicher Grunderkrankungen, um z. B. kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse zu verhindern.
Die neuroophthalmologische Anamnese
Authors: Wilhelm Helmut
Published: November 2017

Neuroophthalmologische Anamnesen können sehr umfangreich und schwierig sein. Dieser Beitrag gibt 14 Ratschläge, wie man die Anamnese möglichst effizient gestalten und das Ansammeln irrelevanter Informationen vermeiden kann.
Amino-functionalized sub-40 nm ultrathin Ag/ZnO transparent electrodes for flexible polymer dispersed liquid crystal devices
Authors: Huang Jinhua , Lu Yuehui , Wu Wenxuan , Li Jia , Zhang Xianpeng , Zhu Chaoting , Yang Ye , Xu Feng , Song Weijie
Published: November 2017

Various flexible transparent conducting electrodes (FTCEs) have been studied for promising applications in flexible optoelectronic devices, but there are still challenges in achieving higher transparency and conductivity, lower thickness, better mechanical flexibility, and lower preparation temperatures. In this work, we prepared a sub-40 nm Ag(9 nm)/ZnO(30 nm) FTCE at room temperature, where each layer played a relatively independent role in the tailoring of the optoelectronic properties. A continuous and smooth 9-nm Ag thin film was grown on amino-functionalized glass and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates to provide good conductivity. A 30-nm ZnO cladding, as an antireflection layer, further improved the transmittance while hardly affecting the conductivity. The room-temperature grown sub-40 nm Ag/ZnO thin films on PET substrate exhibited a transmittance of 88.6% at 550 nm and a sheet resistance of 7.6 Ω·sq−1, which were superior to those of the commercial ITO. The facile preparation benefits the integration of FTCEs into various flexible optoelectronic devices, where the excellent performance of the sub-40 nm Ag/ZnO FTCEs in a flexible polymer dispersed liquid crystal device was demonstrated. Sub-40 nm Ag/ZnO FTCEs that have the characteristics of simple structure, room-temperature preparation, and easily tailored optoelectronic properties would provide flexible optoelectronic devices with more degrees of freedom.
Simple measuring rod method for the coaxiality of serial holes
Authors: Wang Lei , Yang Tongyu , Wang Zhong , Ji Yuchen , Liu Changjie , Fu Luhua
Published: November 2017

Aiming at the rapid coaxiality measurement of serial hole part with a small diameter, a coaxiality measuring rod for each layer hole with a single LDS (laser displacement sensor) is proposed. This method does not require the rotation angle information of the rod, and the coaxiality of serial holes can be calculated from the measured values of LDSs after randomly rotating the measuring rod several times. With the mathematical model of the coaxiality measuring rod, each factor affecting the accuracy of coaxiality measurement is analyzed by simulation, and the installation accuracy requirements of the measuring rod and LDSs are presented. In the tolerance of a certain installation error of the measuring rod, the relative center of the hole is calculated by setting the over-determined nonlinear equations of the fitting circles of the multi-layer holes. In experiment, coaxiality measurement accuracy is realized by a 16 μm precision LDS, and the validity of the measurement method is verified. The manufacture and measurement requirements of the coaxiality measuring rod are low, by changing the position of LDSs in the measuring rod, the serial holes with different sizes and numbers can be measured. The rapid coaxiality measurement of parts can be easily implemented in industrial sites.
Bulk and interfacial structures of reline deep eutectic solvent: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Kaur Supreet , Sharma Shobha , Kashyap Hemant K.
Published: November 2017

We apply all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to describe the bulk morphology and interfacial structure of reline, a deep eutectic solvent comprising choline chloride and urea in 1:2 molar ratio, near neutral and charged graphene electrodes. For the bulk phase structural investigation, we analyze the simulated real-space radial distribution functions, X-ray/neutron scattering structure functions, and their partial components. Our study shows that both hydrogen-bonding and long-range correlations between different constituents of reline play a crucial role to lay out the bulk structure of reline. Further, we examine the variation of number density profiles, orientational order parameters, and electrostatic potentials near the neutral and charged graphene electrodes with varying electrode charge density. The present study reveals the presence of profound structural layering of not only the ionic components of reline but also urea near the electrodes. In addition, depending on the electrode charge density, the choline ions and urea molecules render different orientations near the electrodes. The simulated number density and electrostatic potential profiles for reline clearly show the presence of multilayer structures up to a distance of 1.2 nm from the respective electrodes. The observation of positive values of the surface potential at zero charge indicates the presence of significant nonelectrostatic attraction between the choline cation and graphene electrode. The computed differential capacitance (Cd) for reline exhibits an asymmetric bell-shaped curve, signifying different variation of Cd with positive and negative surface potentials.
Gel phase in hydrated calcium dipicolinate
Authors: Rajak Pankaj , Mishra Ankit , Sheng Chunyang , Tiwari Subodh , Krishnamoorthy Aravind , Kalia Rajiv K. , Nakano Aiichiro , Vashishta Priya
Published: November 2017

The mineralization of dipicolinic acid (DPA) molecules in bacterial spore cores with Ca2+ ions to form Ca-DPA is critical to the wet-heat resistance of spores. This resistance to “wet-heat” also depends on the physical properties of water and DPA in the hydrated Ca-DPA-rich protoplasm. Using reactive molecular dynamics simulations, we have determined the phase diagram of hydrated Ca-DPA as a function of temperature and water concentration, which shows the existence of a gel phase along with distinct solid-gel and gel-liquid phase transitions. Simulations reveal monotonically decreasing solid-gel-liquid transition temperatures with increasing hydration, which explains the experimental trend of wet-heat resistance of bacterial spores. Our observation of different phases of water also reconciles previous conflicting experimental findings on the state of water in bacterial spores. Further comparison with an unmineralized hydrated DPA system allows us to quantify the importance of Ca mineralization in decreasing diffusivity and increasing the heat resistance of the spore.
Compressible Reynolds equation for high-pressure gases
Authors: Chien S. Y. , Cramer M. S. , Untaroiu A.
Published: November 2017

We derive the Reynolds equation corresponding to steady, laminar, two-dimensional, compressible flows of single-phase Navier-Stokes fluids in a thin gap between a stationary surface and one translating with constant speed. The thermodynamic state of the fluid is taken to be in the dense and supercritical gas regimes. The equation of state is a well-known cubic equation, and the shear viscosity and thermal conductivity are taken to depend on density and temperature. Thermal boundary conditions are taken to include those for constant-temperature and adiabatic walls. The flow is seen to be governed by both the speed number and a single thermodynamic parameter referred to as the effective bulk modulus. Numerical solutions to the Reynolds equation are compared to those of the full Navier-Stokes equations. It is shown that the Reynolds equation breaks down in the vicinity of the thermodynamic critical point. Furthermore, we show that energy convection is negligible whenever the Reynolds equation is valid which enables us to present new explicit solutions for the temperature distributions.
Role of the defect in determining the properties of PbTi0.9Ni0.1O3 thin films
Authors: Luo Bingcheng
Published: November 2017

PbTiO3 with oxygen-vacancy-stabilized d8 ion substitution has attracted significant attention as a promising photo-ferroelectric material, but less effort to understand the effect of defect structures on its macroscopic properties limits further modification of the functionality via defect engineering. Herein, a comparable investigation of highly-(111) oriented PbTiO3 (PTO) and PbTi0.9Ni0.1O3 (PTN) thin films is reported to realize the critical role of defect structures on the evolution of electrical and photovoltaic properties. It is found that the PTO thin film shows the space-charge-limited-current mechanism, while the PTN thin film obeys the Poole–Frenkel emission mechanism. Also, the dielectric abnormal peak emerges in the PTN thin film. Notably, the ferroelectric polarization still keeps a large value but the band gap is lowered, and thus a significant increment of photovoltaic properties is achieved in the PTN thin film. These experimental results can be well explained if the formation of dopant-vacancy complexes is taken into account.
Plasmonic metamaterial based unified broadband absorber/near infrared emitter for thermophotovoltaic system based on hexagonally packed tungsten doughnuts
Authors: Behera Saraswati , Joseph Joby
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we report a simple and effective design of a polarization independent and wide incident angle plasmonic metamaterial based unified broadband absorber and thermal emitter consisting of hexagonally packed tungsten doughnuts (hexa-rings) for thermophotovoltaic system. The proposed design shows more than 85% of absorption over 0.3 to 2.18 μm, that is, over the broad spectral range from the ultraviolet to the near infrared (NIR), and 100% absorption and thermal emission at 2.18 μm. Further, the NIR plasmonic absorption and thermal emission peak is tuned from the spectral range 2.18 to 3 μm for different low bandgap photovoltaic materials by varying the design parameters such as inner and outer ring radius, instead of varying any other design parameters in the proposed design. The possibility of the realization of hexa-doughnut structures through a single-step phase engineered interference lithography technique is also demonstrated through the realization of micro/nanostructure samples over large area.
Self-consistency of electron-THF cross sections using electron swarm techniques
Authors: Casey M. J. E. , de Urquijo J. , Serkovic Loli L. N. , Cocks D. G. , Boyle G. J. , Jones D. B. , Brunger M. J. , White R. D.
Published: November 2017

The drift velocity and first Townsend ionization coefficient of electrons in gaseous tetrahydrofuran are measured over the range of reduced electric fields 4-1000 Td using a pulsed-Townsend technique. The measured drift velocities and Townsend ionization coefficients are subsequently used, in conjunction with a multi-term Boltzmann equation analysis, as a further discriminative assessment on the accuracy and completeness of a recently proposed set of electron-THF vapor cross sections. In addition, the sensitivity of the transport coefficients to uncertainties in the existing cross sections is presented. As a result of that analysis, a refinement of the momentum transfer cross section for electron-THF scattering is presented, along with modifications to the neutral dissociation and dissociative electron attachment cross sections. With these changes to the cross section database, we find relatively good self-consistency between the measured and simulated drift velocities and Townsend coefficients.
Designing pseudocubic perovskites with enhanced nanoscale polarization
Authors: Levin I. , Laws W. J. , Wang D. , Reaney I. M.
Published: November 2017

A crystal-chemical framework has been proposed for the design of pseudocubic perovskites with nanoscale ferroelectric order, and its applicability has been demonstrated using a series of representative solid solutions that combined ferroelectric (K0.5Bi0.5TiO3, BaTiO3, and PbTiO3) and antiferroelectric (Nd-substituted BiFeO3) end members. The pseudocubic structures obtained in these systems exhibited distortions that were coherent on a scale ranging from sub-nanometer to tens of nanometers, but, in all cases, the macroscopic distortion remained unresolvable even if using high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction. Different coherence lengths for the local atomic displacements account for the distinctly different dielectric, ferroelectric, and electromechanical properties exhibited by the samples. The guidelines identified provide a rationale for chemically tuning the coherence length to obtain the desired functional response.
Tailoring arbitrary hybrid Poincaré beams through a single hologram
Authors: Fu Shiyao , Zhai Yanwang , Wang Tonglu , Yin Ci , Gao Chunqing
Published: November 2017

Hybrid Poincaré beams (HPBs) are a kind of structure field with anisotropic polarizations. Here, we demonstrate an approach to tailor HPBs with arbitrary states, through encoding a single hologram on a liquid-crystal display device along with a stable optical system. The state of the obtained HPB is determined only by the encoded holograms with special design, which means it is not necessary to adjust any optical elements or hardware when generating various HPB states. Moreover, perfect HPBs can also be generated through the proposed scheme. In the experiment, the obtained HPBs are analyzed through a polarizer and a special parameter S3/S0, showing good agreement with prediction. This work opens an insight in encoding single holograms for tailoring arbitrary HPBs and inspires various applications.
First use of electron swarm technique on THF informs refinement of interaction cross-sections
Authors: Cockbill Louisa
Published: November 2017

The first experimental transport coefficients for electrons in gaseous THF make headway in defining previously unknown cross-sections, highlighting opportunities in biological tissue modeling.
193 Comparison of Superovulatory Responses to Single Subcutaneous FSH Injection and Twice-Daily Intramuscular FSH Injection Protocols in Japanese Black Cows
Authors: Miyoshi A. , Sugawara M. , Kaneda Y. , Sekizawa H. , Dochi O.
Published: November 2017

The conventional superovulation treatment using follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) comprises 2 intramuscular injections per day for 3 to 4 days. This conventional method requires frequent handling of donors—which may cause increasing stress in donors—and high labour costs. Therefore, to alleviate these issues, a treatment protocol using a single FSH injection under on-farm conditions is needed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the single subcutaneous FSH injection protocol (Sugawara et al. 2017 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 29, 209), compared with with the traditional twice-daily intramuscular FSH injection protocol, in Japanese Black cows. Japanese Black cows (n = 13) were superovulated using 2 treatments in a crossover design. All cows received an intravaginal progesterone device (CIDR) at random stages of the oestrous cycle (Day 0), and 2 mg of oestradiol benzoate on Day 1 (24 h after CIDR insertion). On Day 6, for the group receiving a single subcutaneous FSH injection (single-FSH), 20 armor units (AU) of pFSH dissolved in 30 mL of saline was subcutaneously injected in the neck region and 0.5 mg of prostaglandin F2α was intramuscularly injected simultaneously. For the control group, FSH administration was initiated at Day 6. A total dose of 20 AU of FSH was administered in 3 days (with decreasing doses of 5, 3, and 2 AU, respectively, per injection) with 2 intramuscular injections per day; 0.5 mg of prostaglandin F2α was injected 48 h after the first FSH injection. For both groups, CIDR was removed 60 h after FSH injection and AI was done 42 to 48 h after CIDR removal. Embryo collections were performed 7 days after AI. Data were analysed using t-test for the mean numbers of collected ova/embryos and transferable embryos, and chi-squared test for the proportion of transferable embryos. There were no significant differences in the mean numbers (single-FSH v. control) of ova/embryos collected (17.1 ± 12.1 v. 17.8 ± 9.3), or transferable embryos (8.4 ± 9.3 v. 10.3 ± 8.7), and proportion of transferable embryos (45.0 ± 34.0 v. 56.6 ± 36.5). These results showed that although a slightly higher number and proportion of transferable embryos were obtained in the control group, a superovulation treatment protocol involving a single subcutaneous FSH injection can be effectively used for Japanese Black cows, under on-farm conditions.
Additive effects of climate and fisheries drive ongoing declines in multiple albatross species
Authors: Pardo Deborah , Forcada Jaume , Wood Andrew G. , Tuck Geoff N. , Ireland Louise , Pradel Roger , Croxall John P. , Phillips Richard A.
Published: November 2017

Significance

Three high-conservation priority populations were studied: the wandering, grey-headed, and black-browed albatrosses from Bird Island, South Georgia. They represent 12–50% of global numbers and have declined by 40–60% in 35 years. As temperatures and environmental stochasticity increase, polar species are particularly at risk, while fisheries accidentally kill hundreds of thousands individuals each year. Longitudinal monitoring of >40,000 individuals ringed since 1972 was used with detailed at-sea distributions, environmental data, and fisheries effort spanning the Southern Ocean to explore the factors driving population change and how they may combine. The powerful comparative framework used here is one of the most extensive to date and could be used to understand and better mitigate the fate of many threatened wild populations.
Origin, evolution, and global transmission of community-acquired
Staphylococcus aureus
ST8
Authors: Strauß Lena , Stegger Marc , Akpaka Patrick Eberechi , Alabi Abraham , Breurec Sebastien , Coombs Geoffrey , Egyir Beverly , Larsen Anders Rhod , Laurent Frederic , Monecke Stefan , Peters Georg , Skov Robert , Strommenger Birgit , Vandenesch François , Schaumburg Frieder , Mellmann Alexander
Published: November 2017

Significance

USA300 is a hypervirulent, community-acquired, multidrug-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
clone that started to spread in the United States around 17 years ago. Many studies detected it also in South America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region. In this study, we show that USA300 is also circulating in sub-Saharan Africa. Locating the temporal and spatial origin of clonal lineages is important with respect to epidemiology and molecular evolution of pathogens. We show that USA300 evolved from a less virulent and less resistant ancestor circulating in Central Europe around 160 years ago. Constant surveillance of pathogen transmission routes is vital to prevent and control potential outbreaks. Whole genome sequencing proved to be a useful tool for epidemiological surveillance.
Kinship structures create persistent channels for language transmission
Authors: Lansing J. Stephen , Abundo Cheryl , Jacobs Guy S. , Guillot Elsa G. , Thurner Stefan , Downey Sean S. , Chew Lock Yue , Bhattacharya Tanmoy , Chung Ning Ning , Sudoyo Herawati , Cox Murray P.
Published: November 2017

Significance

Associations between genes and languages occur even with sustained migration among communities. By comparing phylogenies of genes and languages, we identify one source of this association. In traditional tribal societies, marriage customs channel language transmission. When women remain in their natal community and men disperse (matrilocality), children learn their mothers’ language, and language correlates with maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA. For the converse kinship practice (patrilocality), language instead correlates with paternally inherited Y chromosome. Kinship rules dictating postmarital residence can persist for many generations and determine population genetic structure at the community scale. The long-term association of languages with genetic clades created by kinship systems provides information about language transmission, and about the structure and persistence of social groups.
CD1b-restricted GEM T cell responses are modulated byMycobacterium tuberculosismycolic acid meromycolate chains
Authors: Chancellor Andrew , Tocheva Anna S. , Cave-Ayland Chris , Tezera Liku , White Andrew , Al Dulayymi Juma’a R. , Bridgeman John S. , Tews Ivo , Wilson Susan , Lissin Nikolai M. , Tebruegge Marc , Marshall Ben , Sharpe Sally , Elliott Tim , Skylaris Chris-Kriton , Essex Jonathan W. , Baird Mark S. , Gadola Stephan , Elkington Paul , Mansour Salah
Published: November 2017

Significance

Tuberculosis is a major global pandemic responsible for more deaths than any other infectious disease, yet no effective vaccine exists. Here, we demonstrate CD1b expression within human tuberculous granulomas, supporting a role for CD1b lipid antigen presentation in host immunity to infection. CD1b presents mycolates, the dominantMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) cell wall lipid class and key virulence factors, to αβ T cells. We reveal that mycolate tail moieties, distal to the head group, are antigenic determinants for the conserved human germline-encoded mycolyl lipid-reactive (GEM) T cell receptors (TCRs). Computational simulations suggest a putative mechanism whereby lipid-ligand dynamics within CD1b regulate GEM-TCR activity. This work provides insights for the development of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent Mtb lipid vaccines, including those that target GEM T cells.
Burkholderia cenocepacia
integrates
cis
-2-dodecenoic acid and cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate signals to control virulence
Authors: Yang Chunxi , Cui Chaoyu , Ye Qiumian , Kan Jinhong , Fu Shuna , Song Shihao , Huang Yutong , He Fei , Zhang Lian-Hui , Jia Yantao , Gao Yong-Gui , Harwood Caroline S. , Deng Yinyue
Published: November 2017

Significance

Many bacteria sense their population density by a process called quorum sensing (QS). In addition, individual bacterial cells sense their chemical and physical environment by adjusting levels of the intracellular compound cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP). Here, we show that RpfR, a QS signal receptor protein from the pathogenic bacterium
Burkholderia cenocepacia
, forms a complex with c-di-GMP and a regulator named GtrR. This complex is not proficient to activate expression of virulence genes. However, upon binding its QS signal, RpfR degrades c-di-CMP, leading to activation of gene expression by a RpfR–GtrR complex. This work describes a system where a pathogen uses a single protein to integrate information about its physical and chemical surroundings and its population density to control virulence.
Holocene fluctuations in human population demonstrate repeated links to food production and climate
Authors: Bevan Andrew , Colledge Sue , Fuller Dorian , Fyfe Ralph , Shennan Stephen , Stevens Chris
Published: November 2017

Significance

The relationship between human population, food production, and climate change is a pressing concern in need of high-resolution, long-term perspectives. Archaeological radiocarbon dates have increasingly been used to reconstruct past population dynamics, and Britain and Ireland provide both radiocarbon sampling densities and species-level sample identifications that are globally unrivalled. We use this evidence to demonstrate multiple instances of human population downturn over the Holocene that coincide with periodic episodes of reduced solar activity and climate reorganization as well as societal responses in terms of altered food-procurement strategies.
Optimal nutrient exchange and immune responses operate in partner specificity in the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis
Authors: Matthews Jennifer L. , Crowder Camerron M. , Oakley Clinton A. , Lutz Adrian , Roessner Ute , Meyer Eli , Grossman Arthur R. , Weis Virginia M. , Davy Simon K.
Published: November 2017

Significance

Flexibility in the endosymbiotic
Symbiodinium
community could provide reef-building corals with the capacity to survive environmental change, but this may be restricted to compatible host-symbiont combinations. Therefore, determining the underlying molecular, cellular, and physiological processes of symbiont compatibility is of critical importance for elucidating the resilience and adaptability of coral reefs. We coupled gene expression data with high-throughput metabolite profiling to compare the effects on the sea anemone Aiptasia when colonized by the thermally tolerant, opportunistic, but comparatively unproductive
Symbiodinium trenchii
vs. the regular symbiont species,
Symbiodinium minutum
. This powerful approach revealed strong evidence that optimal nutritional exchange and the response to intracellular oxidative stress are important determinants in the success of novel cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbioses.
Dynamics of a rolling robot
Authors: Ilin K. I. , Moffatt H. K. , Vladimirov V. A.
Published: November 2017

Significance

The dynamics of a rolling ball activated by an internal battery mechanism are analyzed by theoretical and numerical techniques. The problem involves four independent dimensionless parameters and is governed by a six-dimensional nonholonomic nonautonomous dynamical system with cubic nonlinearity. It can serve as a prototype for rolling bodies activated by any internal mechanism and is relevant to robotic systems for which such an internal mechanism may be subject to remote control. This is believed to be a unique problem of its kind to have been solved by appeal to fundamental principles of classical dynamics. For this reason, it should be accessible to a wide readership. The numerical results provide clear evidence of both regular and chaotic behavior.