bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relational aspects of meaning in life among older people – a group-interview gerontechnology study
Authors: Saarelainen Suvi-Maria , Mäki-Petäjä-Leinonen Anna , Pöyhiä Reino
Published: November 2020

Earlier studies show that experiencing life as meaningful in old age promotes holistic wellbeing and health among older people. As more and more people are living with reduced capacities in their own homes, there is an urgent need to find new ways of promoting holistic wellbeing of the ageing population. Analysing data gathered from existential discussion groups on Service TV (STV), we show how strongly relationality and meaning in life are intertwined for older people. Our findings indicate that respect and support for the autonomy of older people is very important: in order to continue living at home, and prepare for a future with reduced capacities, they need family members for support. Autonomy of ageing becomes relational as choices and wishes are negotiated with family members. Relationships also contribute to loss of meaning. When older people felt that they were not close enough to their family, longed for friends of the same age, were bereaved or widowed, the relational gap caused a violation of meaning. In contrast, participation and activities with peers brought deep joy and connectedness to the lives of the participants. STV provided a new channel for participants to find and form meaningful relationships. Therefore, it is concluded that relationality can be supported by technological means of care.
Subgraph counts for dense random graphs with specified degrees
Authors: Greenhill Catherine , Isaev Mikhail , McKay Brendan D.
Published: November 2020

We prove two estimates for the expectation of the exponential of a complex function of a random permutation or subset. Using this theory, we find asymptotic expressions for the expected number of copies and induced copies of a given graph in a uniformly random graph with degree sequence(d1, …, dn) as n→ ∞. We also determine the expected number of spanning trees in this model. The range of degrees covered includes dj= λn + O(n1/2+ε) for some λ bounded away from 0 and 1.
The Irish Context of Berkeley's ‘Resemblance Thesis’
Authors: Fasko Manuel , West Peter
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we focus on Berkeley's reasons for accepting the ‘resemblance thesis’ which entails that for one thing to represent another those two things must resemble one another. The resemblance thesis is a crucial premise in Berkeley's argument from the ‘likeness principle’ in §8 of the Principles. Yet, like the ‘likeness principle’, the resemblance thesis remains unargued for and is never explicitly defended. This has led several commentators to provide explanations as to why Berkeley accepts the resemblance thesis and why he also takes his opponents to do so too. We provide a contextual answer to this question, focusing on epistemological discussions concerning resemblance and representation in Early Modern Irish Philosophy. We argue that the resemblance thesis is implicit in early responses to William Molyneux's famous example of the ‘man born blind made to see’ and trace the ‘Molyneux man’ thought experiment as it is employed by Irish thinkers such as William King and Berkeley himself. Ultimately, we conclude that Berkeley's acceptance of the resemblance thesis can be explained by the Irish intellectual climate in which he was writing.
Does Berkeley's Immaterialism Support Toland's Spinozism? The Posidonian Argument and the Eleventh Objection
Authors: Schliesser Eric
Published: November 2020

This paper argues that a debate between Toland and Clarke is the intellectual context to help understand the motive behind the critic and the significance of Berkeley's response to the critic in PHK 60-66. These, in turn, are responding to Boyle's adaptation of a neglected design argument by Cicero. The paper shows that there is an intimate connection between these claims of natural science and a once famous design argument. In particular, that in the early modern period the connection between the scientific revolution and a certain commitment to final causes, and god's design, is more than merely contingent. The details of PHK 60-66 support the idea that the critic is responding to concerns that by echoing features of Toland's argument Berkeley undermines the Newtonian edifice Clarke has constructed.
Current measures of distress may not account for what's most important in existential care interventions: Results of the outlook trial
Authors: Steinhauser Karen E. , Stechuchak Karen M. , Ramos Katherine , Winger Joseph , Tulsky James A. , Olsen Maren K.
Published: November 2020

Objective

Compare the efficacy of two interventions addressing emotional and existential well-being in early life-limiting illness.

Method

Primary trial analysis (n = 135) included patients with advanced cancer, congestive heart failure, or end-stage renal disease; Arm 1 received the Outlook intervention, addressing issues of life completion and preparation, and Arm 2 received relaxation meditation (RM). Primary outcomes at five weeks (primary endpoint) and seven weeks (secondary): completion and preparation (QUAL-E); secondary outcomes: anxiety (POMS) quality of life (FACT-G) and spiritual well-being (FACIT-Sp) subscales of faith, meaning, and peace.

Results

Average age was 62; 56% were post-high school-educated, 54% were married, 52% white, 44% female, and 70% had a cancer diagnosis. At baseline, participants demonstrated low levels of anxiety (<5 on POMS subscale) and depression (<10 on CESD) relative to population norms. Results of the primary analysis revealed no significant differences in mean Preparation by treatment arm at five weeks (14.4 Outlook vs. 14.8 RM; between-group difference −0.4 [95% CI, −1.6, 0.8], p = 0.49) or seven weeks (15.2 vs.15.4; between-group difference −0.2 [95% CI, −1.5, 1.0], p = 0.73). There were also no significant differences in mean Life Completion by treatment arm between five weeks (26.6 Outlook vs. 26.3 RM; between-group difference 0.2 [95% CI, −1.2, 1.7], p = 0.76) or seven weeks (26.5 vs. 27.5; between-group difference −1.0 [95% CI, −2.7, 0.7], p = 0.23). Compared to RM, Outlook participants did not have significant differences over time in the secondary outcomes of overall quality of life, anxiety, depression, FACT-G subscales, and FACIT-Sp subscales.

Discussion

In early-stage life-limiting illness, Outlook did not demonstrate a significant difference in primary or secondary outcomes relative to RM. Results underscore the importance of pre-screening for distress. Qualitatively, Outlook participants were able to express suppressed emotions, place illness context, reflect on adaptations, and strengthen identity. Screening for distress and identifying specified measures of distress, beyond anxiety and depression, is essential in our ability to adequately assess the multi-dimensional mechanisms that decrease existential suffering.
Improvement for most, but not all: changes in newspaper coverage of mental illness from 2008 to 2019 in England
Authors: Hildersley R. , Potts L. , Anderson C. , Henderson C.
Published: November 2020

Aims

Time to Change, an anti-stigma programme in England, has worked to reduce stigma relating to mental illness in many facets of life. Newspaper reports are an important factor in shaping public attitudes towards mental illnesses, as well as working as a barometer reflecting public opinion. This study aims to assess the way that coverage of mental health topics and different mental illnesses has changed since 2008.

Method

Articles covering mental health in 18 different newspapers were retrieved using keyword searches on two randomly chosen days of each month in 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2016 and 2019. A content analysis approach using a structured coding framework was used to extract information from the articles. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the change in odds of each hypothesised stigmatising or anti-stigmatising element occurring in 2019 compared to 2008 and 2016 with a Wald test to assess the overall significance of year as a predictor in the model. Further logistic regression models were used to assess the association between the diagnosis that an article was about and the odds that it was stigmatising, and whether this relationship is moderated by year of publication.

Results

A total of 6731 articles were analysed, and there was a significant increase in anti-stigmatising articles in 2019 compared to 2008 (OR 3.16 (2.60–3.84), p < 0.001) and 2016 (OR 1.40 (1.16–1.69), p < 0.001). Of the 5142 articles that specified a diagnosis, articles about schizophrenia were 6.37 times more likely to be stigmatising than articles about other diagnoses (OR 6.37 (3.05–13.29) p < 0.001), and there was evidence that the strength of this relationship significantly interacted with the year an article was published (p = 0.010). Articles about depression were significantly less likely to be stigmatising (OR 0.59 (0.69–0.85) p = 0.018) than those about other diagnoses, while there was no difference in coverage of eating disorders v. other diagnoses (OR 1.37 (0.67–2.80) p = 0.386); neither of these relationships showed an interaction with the year of publication.

Conclusion

Anti-stigma programmes should continue to work with newspapers to improve coverage of mental illness. However, interventions should consider providing specific guidance and promote awareness of rarer mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, and evaluation should examine whether reductions in stigma extend to people with all mental illness diagnoses.
Validating the Factor Structure of the Stigma of Suicide Scale – Short Form Spanish Version Among Healthcare Students
Authors: Hernández-Torres Ruthmarie , Carminelli-Corretjer Paola , Tollinchi-Natali Nelmit , Rosario-Hernández Ernesto , Duarté-Vélez Yovanska , Rivera-Segarra Eliut
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death among Spanish-speaking individuals. Suicide stigma can be a risk factor for suicide. A widely used measure is the Stigma of Suicide Scale-Short Form (SOSS-SF; Batterham, Calear, & Christensen, 2013 ). Although the SOSS-SF has established psychometric properties and factor structure in other languages and cultural contexts, no evidence is available from Spanish-speaking populations. Aim: This study aims to validate a Spanish translation of the SOSS-SF among a sample of Spanish-speaking healthcare students ( N = 277). Method: We implemented a cross-sectional design with quantitative techniques. Results: Following a structural equation modeling approach, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the three-factor model proposed by Batterham and colleagues (2013) . Limitations: The study was limited by the small sample size and recruitment by availability. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the Spanish version of the SOSS-SF is a valid and reliable tool with which to examine suicide stigma among Spanish-speaking populations.
Increase in Population Exposure Due to Dry and Wet Extremes in India Under a Warming Climate
Authors: Kumar Rohini , Mishra Vimal
Published: November 2020

Dry and wet extremes affect agricultural production, infrastructure, and socioeconomic well‐being of about 1.4 billion people in India. Despite the profound implications of dry and wet extremes, their changes in the observed and projected climate in India are not well quantified. Here, using the observations from multiple sources, we show that the area affected by dry extremes during the monsoon season (June–September) and water‐year (June–May) has significantly increased (~1% per decade; p value < 0.05) over the last six decades (1951–2015) in India. On the other hand, the area affected by wet extremes does not exhibit any significant trend over the same time period. Dry and wet extremes in the monsoon season are corroborated with the positive phase and negative phase of the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Pacific Ocean (Niño 3.4 region). Global climate models (GCMs) project an increase of more than 25–30% (±3–6%) in the combined area affected by the dry and wet extremes in India by the end of the 21st century. The frequency of both dry and wet extreme years is also projected to increase in the majority of India (>80%) under a warmer world if the global mean temperature rises above 1.5°C (or 2°C) from a preindustrial level. Moreover, the population exposed to the dry and wet extremes is likely to increase threefold under the projected 2°C warmer world. Therefore, limiting global mean temperature rise below 2°C can substantially reduce the area and population exposure due to dry and wet extremes in India.
Projected Changes in Compound Flood Hazard From Riverine and Coastal Floods in Northwestern Europe
Authors: Ganguli Poulomi , Paprotny Dominik , Hasan Mehedi , Güntner Andreas , Merz Bruno
Published: November 2020

Compound flooding in coastal regions, that is, the simultaneous or successive occurrence of high sea levels and high river flows, is expected to increase in a warmer world. To date, however, there is no robust evidence on projected changes in compound flooding for northwestern Europe. We combine projected storm surges and river floods with probabilistic, localized relative sea‐level rise (SLR) scenarios to assess the future compound flood hazard over northwestern coastal Europe in the high (RCP8.5) emission scenario. We use high‐resolution, dynamically downscaled regional climate models (RCM) to drive a storm surge model and a hydrological model, and analyze the joint occurrence of high coastal water levels and associated river peaks in a multivariate copula‐based approach. The RCM‐forced multimodel mean reasonably represents the observed spatial pattern of the dependence strength between annual maxima surge and peak river discharge, although substantial discrepancies exist between observed and simulated dependence strength. All models overestimate the dependence strength, possibly due to limitations in model parameterizations. This bias affects compound flood hazard estimates and requires further investigation. While our results suggest decreasing compound flood hazard over the majority of sites by 2050s (2040–2069) compared to the reference period (1985–2005), an increase in projected compound flood hazard is limited to around 34% of the sites. Further, we show the substantial role of SLR, a driver of compound floods, which has frequently been neglected. Our findings highlight the need to be aware of the limitations of the current generation of Earth system models in simulating coastal compound floods.
Finding Prehistoric Rain Forests by Studying Modern Mammals
Authors: Thomasy Hannah
Published: November 2020

Mammal teeth store a record of the plants they ate, providing clues about the ecosystems in which they lived.
Data‐Driven Super‐Parameterization Using Deep Learning: Experimentation With Multiscale Lorenz 96 Systems and Transfer Learning
Authors: Chattopadhyay Ashesh , Subel Adam , Hassanzadeh Pedram
Published: November 2020

To make weather and climate models computationally affordable, small‐scale processes are usually represented in terms of the large‐scale, explicitly resolved processes using physics‐based/semi‐empirical parameterization schemes. Another approach, computationally more demanding but often more accurate, is super‐parameterization (SP). SP involves integrating the equations of small‐scale processes on high‐resolution grids embedded within the low‐resolution grid of large‐scale processes. Recently, studies have used machine learning (ML) to develop data‐driven parameterization (DD‐P) schemes. Here, we propose a new approach, data‐driven SP (DD‐SP), in which the equations of the small‐scale processes are integrated data‐drivenly (thus inexpensively) using ML methods such as recurrent neural networks. Employing multiscale Lorenz 96 systems as the testbed, we compare the cost and accuracy (in terms of both short‐term prediction and long‐term statistics) of parameterized low‐resolution (PLR) SP, DD‐P, and DD‐SP models. We show that with the same computational cost, DD‐SP substantially outperforms PLR and is more accurate than DD‐P, particularly when scale separation is lacking. DD‐SP is much cheaper than SP, yet its accuracy is the same in reproducing long‐term statistics (climate prediction) and often comparable in short‐term forecasting (weather prediction). We also investigate generalization: when models trained on data from one system are applied to a more chaotic system, we find that models often do not generalize, particularly when short‐term prediction accuracies are examined. However, we show that transfer learning, which involves re‐training the data‐driven model with a small amount of data from the new system, significantly improves generalization. Potential applications of DD‐SP and transfer learning in climate/weather modeling are discussed.
Petrochronology of Wadi Tayin Metamorphic Sole Metasediment, With Implications for the Thermal and Tectonic Evolution of the Samail Ophiolite (Oman/UAE)
Authors: Garber Joshua M. , Rioux Matthew , Kylander‐Clark Andrew R. C. , Hacker Bradley R. , Vervoort Jeffrey D. , Searle Michael P.
Published: November 2020

Ophiolite metamorphic soles preserve important records of ophiolite emplacement, but there have been few detailed investigations into their non‐mafic portions. We present new thermobarometric and petrochronologic data from a metasediment and mafic restite in the upper Wadi Tayin sole exposure in the Samail (Oman‐UAE) Ophiolite. Thermodynamic modeling suggests metasedimentary garnet nucleation at ~4 kb, ~550°C and final growth at 7.5 ± 1.2 kbar, 665 ± 32°C, occurring by 93.0 ± 0.5 Ma (Lu‐Hf isochron). Zircon U‐Pb dates of 106.9 ± 2.3 (detrital) and 98.7 ± 1.7 to 94.1 ± 1.6 Ma (metamorphic) bracket the initiation of metamorphism, and monazite U‐Pb dates from ~97–89 Ma suggest a lengthy period of growth or recrystallization. A mafic titanite U‐Pb age of 92.2 ± 1.8 Ma records the earliest possible juxtaposition of high‐ and lower‐grade sole rocks. These and other data suggest that (i) the Wadi Tayin sole preserves an inverted metamorphic, metasomatic, and age gradient,(ii) metasediment metamorphism occurred during, or soon after, crystallization of the overlying ophiolite (≤96.5 Ma); and (iii) sole metasediments define a thermal gradient continuous with hotter, higher‐P amphibolites. Some of these data conflict with existing models for sole formation, and we propose several hypotheses to explain them. Cooling of the sole below Ar closure by ~92 Ma suggests that strain rapidly partitioned away from the sole, leading to large‐scale, thin‐skinned thrust emplacement of the ophiolite >100 km across the continental margin and the late, cool underthrusting of the continental margin.
Comparison of Groundwater Storage Changes From GRACE Satellites With Monitoring and Modeling of Major U.S. Aquifers
Authors: Rateb Ashraf , Scanlon Bridget R. , Pool Donald R. , Sun Alexander , Zhang Zizhan , Chen Jianli , Clark Brian , Faunt Claudia C. , Haugh Connor J. , Hill Mary , Hobza Christopher , McGuire Virginia L. , Reitz Meredith , Müller Schmied Hannes , Sutanudjaja Edwin H. , Swenson Sean , Wiese David , Xia Youlong , Zell Wesley
Published: November 2020

GRACE satellite data are widely used to estimate groundwater storage (GWS) changes in aquifers globally; however, comparisons with GW monitoring and modeling data are limited. Here we compared GWS changes from GRACE over 15 yr (2002–2017) in 14 major U.S. aquifers with groundwater‐level (GWL) monitoring data in ~23,000 wells and with regional and global hydrologic and land surface models. Results show declining GWS trends from GRACE data in the six southwestern and south‐central U.S. aquifers, totaling −90 km3 over 15 yr, related to long‐term (5–15 yr) droughts, and exceeding Lake Mead volume by ~2.5×. GWS trends in most remaining aquifers were stable or slightly rising. GRACE‐derived GWS changes agree with GWL monitoring data in most aquifers (correlation coefficients, R = 0.52–0.95), showing that GRACE satellites capture groundwater (GW) dynamics. Regional GW models (eight models) generally show similar or greater GWS trends than those from GRACE. Large discrepancies in the Mississippi Embayment aquifer, with modeled GWS decline approximately four times that of GRACE, may reflect uncertainties in model storage parameters, stream capture, pumpage, and/or recharge rates. Global hydrologic models (2003–2014), which include GW pumping, generally overestimate GRACE GWS depletion (total: approximately −172 to −186 km3) in heavily exploited aquifers in southwestern and south‐central U.S. by ~2.4× (GRACE: −74 km3), underscoring needed modeling improvements relative to anthropogenic impacts. Global land surface models tend to track GRACE GWS dynamics better than global hydrologic models. Intercomparing remote sensing, monitoring, and modeling data underscores the importance of considering all data sources to constrain GWS uncertainties.
Climate and Landscape Controls of Regional Patterns of Flow Duration Curves Across the Continental United States: Statistical Approach
Authors: Ghotbi Saba , Wang Dingbao , Singh Arvind , Mayo Talea , Sivapalan Murugesu
Published: November 2020

The flow duration curve (FDC) is a hydrologically meaningful representation of the statistical distribution of daily streamflows. The complexity of processes contributing to the FDC introduces challenges for the direct exploration of physical controls on FDC. In this paper, the controls of climate and catchment characteristics on FDC are explored using a stochastic framework that enables construction of the FDC from three components of streamflow: fast and slow flow (during wet days) and slow flow during dry days. The FDC during wet days (FDCw) is computed as the statistical sum of the fast flow duration curve (FFDC) and the slow flow duration curve (SFDCw), considering their dependency. FDC is modeled as the mixture distribution of FDCw and the slow flow duration curve during dry days (SFDCd), by considering the fraction of wet days (δ) for perennial streams and both δ and the fraction of days of zero streamflow for ephemeral streams. The Kappa distribution is employed to fit the FFDC, SFDCw, and SFDCd for 300 catchments from Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX) across the United States. Results show that the 0–20th percentile of FDC is controlled by FFDC and SFDCw, the 90–100th percentile of FDC is controlled by SFDCd, and the 20–90th percentile of FDC is controlled by three components. The relationships between estimated Kappa distribution parameters and climate and catchment characteristics reveal that the aridity index, the coefficient of variation of daily precipitation, timing of precipitation, time interval between storms, snow, topographic slope, and slope of recession slope curve are dominant controlling factors.
Zinner syndrome and infertility─a literature review based on a clinical case
Authors: Hofmann Aybike , Vauth Franziska , Roesch Wolfgang H.
Published: November 2020

Zinner syndrome (ZS) is a rare congenital malformation associated with seminal vesicle cysts, ejaculatory duct obstruction, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. The main treatment focus so far has been on symptomatic patients. Therefore, surgery has been reserved for these patients, and surgical treatment is mainly aimed at pain relief. ZS seems to be frequently associated with infertility, but diagnosing is challenging, particularly during adolescence. This literature review of ZS and infertility is based on the medical report of one adolescent patient.
Red risks for a journey to the red planet: The highest priority human health risks for a mission to Mars
Authors: Patel Zarana S. , Brunstetter Tyson J. , Tarver William J. , Whitmire Alexandra M. , Zwart Sara R. , Smith Scott M. , Huff Janice L.
Published: November 2020

NASA’s plans for space exploration include a return to the Moon to stay—boots back on the lunar surface with an orbital outpost. This station will be a launch point for voyages to destinations further away in our solar system, including journeys to the red planet Mars. To ensure success of these missions, health and performance risks associated with the unique hazards of spaceflight must be adequately controlled. These hazards—space radiation, altered gravity fields, isolation and confinement, closed environments, and distance from Earth—are linked with over 30 human health risks as documented by NASA’s Human Research Program. The programmatic goal is to develop the tools and technologies to adequately mitigate, control, or accept these risks. The risks ranked as “red” have the highest priority based on both the likelihood of occurrence and the severity of their impact on human health, performance in mission, and long-term quality of life. These include: (1) space radiation health effects of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive decrements (2) Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (3) behavioral health and performance decrements, and (4) inadequate food and nutrition. Evaluation of the hazards and risks in terms of the space exposome—the total sum of spaceflight and lifetime exposures and how they relate to genetics and determine the whole-body outcome—will provide a comprehensive picture of risk profiles for individual astronauts. In this review, we provide a primer on these “red” risks for the research community. The aim is to inform the development of studies and projects with high potential for generating both new knowledge and technologies to assist with mitigating multisystem risks to crew health during exploratory missions.
Loss of sympathetic innervation to islets of Langerhans in canine diabetes and pancreatitis is not associated with insulitis
Authors: Gilor Chen , Pires Jully , Greathouse Rachel , Horn Rebecca , Huising Mark O. , Marks Stanley L. , Murphy Brian , Kol Amir
Published: November 2020

Canine diabetes mellitus (DM) affects 0.6% of the canine population and yet, its etiology is poorly understood. Most affected dogs are diagnosed as adults and are insulin-dependent. We compared pan-leukocyte and sympathetic innervation markers in pancreatic islets of adult dogs with spontaneous DM (sDM), spontaneous pancreatitis (sPanc), both (sDMPanc), toxin-induced DM (iDM) and controls. We found evidence of decreased islet sympathetic innervation but no significant infiltration of islets with leukocytes in all disease groups. We show that loss of sympathetic innervation is ongoing in canine DM and does not necessarily precede it. We further found selective loss of islet-associated beta cells in dogs with sDM and sDMPanc, suggesting that collateral damage from inflammation in the exocrine pancreas is not a likely cause of DM in these dogs. The cause of this selective loss of beta cells needs to be further elucidated but overall, our findings are not supportive of an autoimmune process as a cause of sDM in adult dogs. The loss of sympathetic innervation in sPanc in dogs that do not suffer from DM links the disease in the exocrine pancreas to a pathological process in the endocrine pancreas, suggesting pancreatitis might be a potential precursor to DM.
The influence of early life socialisation on cognition in the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica)
Authors: Weller Jennifer E. , Turner Simon P. , Futro Agnieszka , Donbavand Jo , Brims Mark , Arnott Gareth
Published: November 2020

Previously, the benefits of early-life socialisation on later-life social development have been reported in pigs. Here we investigated the effect of pre-weaning socialisation on the later-life cognitive ability of pigs using a range of techniques. Pre-weaning, 101 piglets had access to a neighbouring pen from ~ 15 days of age and interacted with non-littermates (socialised). An additional 89 piglets remained isolated within their home pen (controls). After weaning, 100 individuals were selected for a range of cognitive tests including a food reward T-maze test, reversal learning T-maze test, a social preference T-maze test, and a puzzle box test. Performance during the food reward test was not influenced by treatment. Treatment effected improvement over the course of the reversal learning test, with controls showing a significant decrease in trial duration after the first two trials. During the social preference test, socialised pigs spent significantly more time in the presence of larger stimulus pigs than controls and were quicker to leave the middle of the maze, suggesting improved social skills. Neither sex nor treatment was observed to influence pig’s ability to solve the puzzle box. Thus, overall, evidence from the social preference test suggests an effect of pre-weaning socialisation on aspects of social cognitive development.
Analysis of transcriptional modules during human fibroblast ageing
Authors: Lee Yaelim , Shivashankar G. V.
Published: November 2020

For systematic identification of transcription signatures of human cell aging, we carried out Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) with the RNA-sequencing data generated with young to old human dermal fibroblasts. By relating the modules to the donor's traits, we uncovered the natural aging- and premature aging disease-associated modules. The STRING functional association networks built with the core module memberships provided a systematic overview of genome-wide transcriptional changes upon aging. We validated the selected candidates via quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) assay with young and aged human fibroblasts, and uncovered several genes involved in ECM, cell, and nuclear mechanics as a potential aging biomarker. Collectively, our study not only provides a snapshot of functional changes during human fibroblast aging but also presents potential aging markers that are relevant to cell mechanics.
Globe rupture: a single-center retrospective study of demographic patterns and outcomes
Authors: Choovuthayakorn Janejit , Chokesuwattanaskul Susama , Upaphong Phit , Supreeyathitikul Pongsant
Published: November 2020

Globe rupture is one of the severe mechanisms of eye injury. This study aimed to describe an epidemiologic patterns and visual outcomes of the open globe injury from globe rupture at a tertiary referral centre. Medical records of 167 patients (173 eyes) were retrospectively reviewed. Overall, males were predominant (82%). Road traffic- (26.3%) and work- (23.4%) were the major contributors. However, falling was the main mechanism in the elderly aged over 60 years. At presentation, 91.4% of eyes had initial visual acuity (VA) of worse than 20/200. The mean (SD) VA in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) unit at final [1.8 (1.1)] was significantly improved from presenting VA [2.4 (0.6)] (p ˂ 0.001). Predictors for final VA of worse than 20/400 included poor initial VA, presence of relative afferent pupillary defect, and endophthalmitis. In conclusion, this study observed the peak incidence of globe rupture in young teen to early adult patients, with unique characteristics in each age group. Even with significant visual improvement following the treatments, profound visual loss was still a common consequence. Thus, the role of effective prevention along with a multidisciplinary team together with timely and prompt ophthalmic management should be emphasised.
Evaluation of coagulation parameters in patients with parathyroid adenoma
Authors: Alay Murat , Ercek Berrak Mermit , Sonmez Gulcin Miyase , Sakin Aysegul , Ucler Rifki , Yildiz Saliha
Published: November 2020

Parathyroid adenoma is responsible for 80–85% of cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. Increased fibrinogen levels in patients with adenoma may increase the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between coagulation parameters and parathyroid adenoma. A prospective study included 28 female patients with parathyroid adenoma aged 40–88 years and 27 age-matched healthy controls. The coagulation parameters were assessed for each participant. The mean ages of the patient and control groups were 57.7 ± 10.9 and 53.3 ± 9.31 years, respectively. The mean level of protein S activity was 65.79 ± 13.78 in the patient group and 77.00 ± 15.72 in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.013). The mean fibrinogen levels of the patient and control groups were 338.78 ± 63.87 mg/dL and 304.30 ± 45.67 mg/dL, respectively, and a significant difference was found (p = 0.041). However, no significant difference was evident between the two groups with regard to the D-dimer (p = 0.238), aPTT (p = 0.645), INR (p = 0.406), protein C (p = 0.076), and AT-III (p = 0.180) levels. A positive correlation was observed between adenoma volume and fibrinogen in the patient group (r = 0.711, p = 0.001). The protein S levels were lower and the fibrinogen levels higher in the patients with parathyroid adenoma.
Impact of sound levels and patient-related factors on sleep of patients in the intensive care unit: a cross-sectional cohort study
Authors: Czempik Piotr F. , Jarosińska Agnieszka , Machlowska Krystyna , Pluta Michał P.
Published: November 2020

Sleep disruption is common in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of the study was to measure sound levels during sleep-protected time in the ICU, determine sources of sound, assess the impact of sound levels and patient-related factors on duration and quality of patients' sleep. The study was performed between 2018 and 2019. A commercially available smartphone application was used to measure ambient sound levels. Sleep duration was measured using the Patient's Sleep Behaviour Observational Tool. Sleep quality was assessed using the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ). The study population comprised 18 (58%) men and 13 (42%) women. There were numerous sources of sound. The median duration of sleep was 5 (IQR 3.5–5.7) hours. The median score on the RCSQ was 49 (IQR 28–71) out of 100 points. Sound levels were negatively correlated with sleep duration. The cut-off peak sound level, above which sleep duration was shorter than mean sleep duration in the cohort, was 57.9 dB. Simple smartphone applications can be useful to estimate sound levels in the ICU. There are numerous sources of sound in the ICU. Individual units should identify and eliminate their own sources of sound. Sources of sound producing peak sound levels above 57.9 dB may lead to shorter sleep and should be eliminated from the ICU environment. The sound levels had no effect on sleep quality.
Author Correction: DNA damage interactions on both nanometer and micrometer scale determine overall cellular damage
Authors: Friedrich Thomas , Ilicic Katarina , Greubel Christoph , Girst Stefanie , Reindl Judith , Sammer Matthias , Schwarz Benjamin , Siebenwirth Christian , Walsh Dietrich W. M. , Schmid Thomas E. , Scholz Michael , Dollinger Günther
Published: November 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Catestatin attenuates endoplasmic reticulum induced cell apoptosis by activation type 2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion
Authors: Liao Feng , Zheng Yang , Cai Junyan , Fan Jinghui , Wang Jing , Yang Jichun , Cui Qinghua , Xu Guoheng , Tang Chaoshu , Geng Bin
Published: November 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
A convenient approach for antibacterial polypeptoids featuring sulfonium and oligo(ethylene glycol) subunits
Authors: Zhang Bo , Li Min , Lin Min , Yang Xuan , Sun Jing
Published: November 2020

A novel type of polypeptoids containing both sulfonium and oligo(ethylene glycol) moieties were prepared, which show rapid and potent antibacterial activity as well as good hemocompatibility.
Chemiluminescent read-out of para-fluoro-thiol reaction events
Authors: Bloesser Fabian R. , Cavalli Federica , Walden Sarah L. , Barner Leonie , Barner-Kowollik Christopher
Published: November 2020

We exploit the fluoride that is released via the para-fluoro-thiol reaction (PFTR) to cleave silyl ethers, turning the PFTR into an effective self-reporting chemiluminescence (CL) probe.
Selective detection of chemical warfare agents VX and Sarin by the short wavelength inner filter technique (SWIFT)
Authors: Redy Keisar Orit , Pevzner Alexander , Baheti Abhishek , Vigalok Arkadi , Ashkenazi Nissan
Published: November 2020

A novel SWIFT-based strategy for selective fluorimetric detection of practical amounts of V and G chemical warfare agents is reported.
Chemical vapor deposition of clean and pure MoS2 crystals by the inhibition of MoO3−x intermediates
Authors: Guan Ran , Duan Junxi , Yuan Aiheng , Wang Zhuofan , Yang Shuai , Han Luoqiao , Zhang Bo , Li Dejun , Luo Birong
Published: November 2020

A sublimated sulfur vapor versus evaporated MoO3 vapor with transition from low to high sulfur supersaturation would cause different CVD products transformed from MoS2–MoO3−x composites to clean and pure MoS2 crystals accordingly.
Structural diversity in conducting bilayer salts (CNB-EDT-TTF)4A
Authors: Santos Isabel C. , Gama Vasco , Rabaça Sandra , Veiros Luís F. , Nogueira Fernando , Paixão José A. , Almeida Manuel
Published: November 2020

The family of recently described salts based on the electron donor CNB-EDT-TTF and different anions A, with general formula (CNB-EDT-TTF)4A, constitutes an unprecedented type of molecular conductor based on a bilayer structure of the donors.
Electron transfer and conductance quantum
Authors: Bueno Paulo Roberto
Published: November 2020

The relationship between the quantum capacitance and the conductance quantum gives rise to a quantum mechanical equation that encompasses the theory of electron transfer rate proposed by Rudolph Marcus.
Towards accurate prediction for laser-coolable molecules: relativistic coupled-cluster calculations for yttrium monoxide and prospects for improving its laser cooling efficiencies
Authors: Zhang Chaoqun , Korslund Hannah , Wu Yewei , Ding Shiqian , Cheng Lan
Published: November 2020

Benchmark relativistic coupled-cluster calculations for yttrium monoxide (YO) with accurate treatment of relativistic and electron correlation effects are reported.
How external perturbations affect the chemoselectivity of substrate activation by cytochrome P450 OleTJE
Authors: Chowdhury Ahmed Shahria , Ali Hafiz Saqib , Faponle Abayomi S. , de Visser Sam P.
Published: November 2020

Computational studies on the bifurcation pathways of the fatty acid activating cytochrome P450 enzyme OleTJE show that external perturbations of the protein affect the product distributions and reaction rates.
Alkali metal adsorption on metal surfaces: new insights from new tools
Authors: Raghavan Arjun , Slocombe Louie , Spreinat Alexander , Ward David J. , Allison William , Ellis John , Jardine Andrew P. , Sacchi Marco , Avidor Nadav
Published: November 2020

A combined study of density functional theory calculations and3He spin echo spectroscopy, finds sodium to change adsorption site on Ru(0001), from hollow to top, as the coverage is reduced.
Continuous reactor for renewable methanol
Authors: Tountas Athanasios A. , Ozin Geoffrey A. , Sain Mohini M.
Published: November 2020

For society and corporations to decisively shift to fossil fuel alternatives, an economical and technologically viable pathway to carbon net-neutral or net-negative feedstocks such as renewable methanol is of utmost importance.
Stable π-radical nanoparticles as versatile photosensitizers for effective hypoxia-overcoming photodynamic therapy
Authors: Cui Xiao , Lu Guihong , Dong Shengzhi , Li Shengliang , Xiao Yafang , Zhang Jinfeng , Liu Yanhong , Meng Xiangmin , Li Feng , Lee Chun-Sing
Published: November 2020

A stable π-radical is used as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. Under hypoxic conditions, sufficient O2−˙ generation and cytotoxicity were observed addressing the most important hurdle for successful PDT in a tumor microenvironment.
Co/Co9S8@carbon nanotubes on a carbon sheet: facile controlled synthesis, and application to electrocatalysis in oxygen reduction/oxygen evolution reactions, and to a rechargeable Zn-air battery
Authors: Zhang Han-Ming , Hu Chunyan , Ji Muwei , Wang Minjie , Yu Jiali , Liu Huichao , Zhu Caizhen , Xu Jian
Published: November 2020

A facile strategy to fabricate Co/Co9S8 nanoparticles-encapsulated in carbon nanotubes, on an N-doped porous graphene sheet (Co/Co9S8@CNTs) via pyrolysis of a mixture of Co(NO3)2, melamine and l-cysteine is reported.
Biomolecules from snail mucus (Helix aspersa) conjugated gold nanoparticles, exhibiting potential wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity
Authors: Gubitosa Jennifer , Rizzi Vito , Fini Paola , Laurenzana Anna , Fibbi Gabriella , Veiga-Villauriz Clara , Fanelli Fiorenza , Fracassi Francesco , Onzo Alberto , Bianco Giuliana , Gaeta Carmine , Guerrieri Antonio , Cosma Pinalysa
Published: November 2020

In this work, for the first time, snail slime from garden snails “Helix Aspersa Müller”, has been used to induce the formation of eco-friendly gold nanoparticles (AuNPs-SS) suitable for biomedical applications.
Elasticity of connected semiflexible quadrilaterals
Authors: Razbin Mohammadhosein , Mashaghi Alireza
Published: November 2020

The analytic expressions for the probability densities associated with the thermal fluctuations and the elasticity of the structure are obtained.
Introduction to peptide soft materials
Authors: Banerjee Arindam , Hamley Ian W.
Published: November 2020

Arindam Banerjee and Ian W. Hamley introduce the Soft Matter themed collection on peptide soft materials.
Formation of C–C bonds during electrocatalytic CO2reduction on non-copper electrodes
Authors: Zhou Yansong , Yeo Boon Siang
Published: November 2020

Recent advances in non-Cu catalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO2to multi-carbon products are summarized, focusing on C–C bond formation mechanisms.
Roll-to-roll compatible quinoxaline-based polymers toward high performance polymer solar cells
Authors: Yang Mun Ho , Ko Seo-Jin , An Na Gyeong , Whang Dong Ryeol , Lee Seung-Hoon , Ahn Hyungju , Kim Jin Young , Vak Doojin , Yoon Sung Cheol , Chang Dong Wook
Published: November 2020

In this article, two D–A-type quinoxaline-based polymers with multiple fluorine atoms, denoted by PB-QxF and PBF-QxF, were synthesized and tested for polymer solar cells (PSCs).
Boosting photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation on Cu-doped AgIn5S8/ZnS colloidal quantum dot sensitized photoanodes via shell-layer homojunction defect passivation
Authors: Guo Heng , Luo Bing , Wang Jing , Wang Bojun , Huang Xu , Yang Jian , Gong Wenxiao , Zhou Ying , Niu Xiaobin
Published: November 2020

Colloidal quantum dot (CQD) based photoelectrochemical cells (PECs) for solar-driven hydrogen (H2) generation offer an avenue to convert solar energy into chemical fuel.
Ruddlesden–Popper oxide SrEu2Fe2O7 as a promising symmetrical electrode for pure CO2 electrolysis
Authors: Huan Daoming , Zhang Lu , Zhang Shaowei , Shi Nai , Li Xinyu , Zhu Kang , Xia Changrong , Peng Ranran , Lu Yalin
Published: November 2020

Ruddlesden–Popper oxide SrEu2Fe2O7, with high structural stability and electrochemical activity, is applied as a promising symmetrical electrode for pure CO2 electrolysis.
Enhancing electrochemical nitrogen reduction with Ru nanowiresviathe atomic decoration of Pt
Authors: Zhang Weiqing , Yang Liting , An Changhua , Zhang Jichao , Zhu Junfa , Chen Peng
Published: November 2020

Atomic-Pt-decorated Ru nanowires improve electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction owing to the tensile strain-induced enhancement of N2adsorption and N2H* stabilization.
A layered hybrid rare-earth double-perovskite-type molecule-based compound with electrical and optical response properties
Authors: Hua Miao-Miao , Ye Le , Wang Qin-Wen , Ma Jia-Jun , Gong Zhi-Xin , Xu Qi , Shi Chao , Zhang Yi
Published: November 2020

An excellent high-temperature switchable dielectric constant and high-efficiency photoluminescence have been realized in (3HQ)4[RbEu(NO3)8] (3HQ = 3-quinuclidinone cation).
Intramolecular hydrogen bond – enhanced electroluminescence performance of hybridized local and charge transfer (HLCT) excited-state blue-emissive materials
Authors: Li Wan , Chasing Pongsakorn , Benchaphanthawee Wachara , Nalaoh Phattananawee , Chawanpunyawat Thanyarat , Kaiyasuan Chokchai , Kungwan Nawee , Namuangruk Supawadee , Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Promarak Vinich
Published: November 2020

OLED devices based on o-hydroxyphenyl phenanthroimidazole (HPI) emitters showed a high maximum external quantum effciency of 8.13% with high brightness of 18 100 cd m−2 and a maximum singlet exciton utilization efficiency of as high as 94%.
miR-200-3p suppresses cell proliferation and reduces apoptosis in diabetic retinopathy via blocking the TGF-β2/Smad pathway
Authors: Xue Liping , Xiong Cheng , Li Juanjuan , Ren Yuling , Zhang Liwei , Jiao Kangwei , Chen Chen , Ding Peng
Published: November 2020

Increasing evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, the role and mechanism of miRNA in regulating high glucose (HG)-induced ARPE-19 cell injury are still not well understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of miR-200a-3p on DR progression and reveal the underlying mechanisms of their effects. In the present study, we observed that miR-200a-3p was significantly decreased, while transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) expression was up-regulated in ARPE-19 cells treated with HG and retina tissues of DR rats. Subsequently, overexpression of miR-200a-3p significantly promoted cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis, as well as inhibited the levels of inflammatory cytokines secreted, matrix metalloprotease 2/9 (MMP2/9), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in HG-injured ARPE-19 cells. Moreover, miR-200a-3p was proved to target TGF-β2 mRNA by binding to its 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) using a luciferase reporter assay. Mechanistically, overexpression of miR-200a-3p reduced HG-induced ARPE-19 cell injury and reduced inflammatory cytokines secreted, as well as down-regulated the expression of VEGF via inactivation of the TGF-β2/Smad pathway in vitro. In vivo experiments, up-regulation of miR-200a-3p ameliorated retinal neovascularization and inflammation of DR rats. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that miR-200a-3p-elevated prevented DR progression by blocking the TGF-β2/Smad pathway, providing a new therapeutic biomarker for DR treatment in the clinic.
Perceptual and Acoustic Assessment of Strain Using Synthetically Modified Voice Samples
Authors: Park Yeonggwang , Cádiz Manuel Díaz , Nagle Kathleen F. , Stepp Cara E.
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Assessment of strained voice quality is difficult due to the weak reliability of auditory-perceptual evaluation and lack of strong acoustic correlates. This study evaluated the contributions of relative fundamental frequency (RFF) and mid-to-high frequency noise to the perception of strain.

Method

Stimuli were created using recordings of speakers producing /ifi/ with a comfortable voice and with maximum vocal effort. RFF values of the comfortable voice samples were synthetically lowered, and RFF values of the maximum vocal effort samples were synthetically raised. Mid-to-high frequency noise was added to the samples. Twenty listeners rated strain in a visual sort-and-rate task. The effects of RFF modification and added noise on strain were assessed using an analysis of variance; intra- and interrater reliability were compared with and without noise.

Results

Lowering RFF in the comfortable voice samples increased their perceived strain, whereas raising RFF in the maximum vocal effort samples decreased their strain. Adding noise increased strain and decreased intra- and interrater reliability relative to samples without added noise.

Conclusions

Both RFF and mid-to-high frequency noise contribute to the perception of strain. The presence of dysphonia may decrease the reliability of auditory-perceptual evaluation of strain, which supports the need for complementary objective assessments.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13172252