bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Et statistikfags succesfulde omstrukturering – fokus på alignment og god feedbackpraksis
Authors: Tabor Morten Nyboe , Von Müllen Rikke
Published: September 2021

Faget Econometrics II blev over en fireårig periode gennemgribende omstruktureret pædagogisk. Motivet var, at for mange studerende lærte for lidt og på for lavt taksonomisk niveau. Omstruktureringens formål var at skabe tydelig alignment mellem fagets læringsaktiviteter, bedømmelse og læringsmål og som en del heraf følge Nicol og Macfarlane-Dick’s (2006) syv principper for god feedbackpraksis, der understøtter selvreguleret læring for at hjælpe studerende til en dybere opfyldelse af læringsmålene. For at opnå det introducerede vi en portfolioeksamen baseret på case-opgaver med online peer-feedback og genaflevering, udskiftede traditionelle forelæsninger med et flipped classroom og aktiverede studerende i øvelsestimerne. Vi beskriver omstruktureringens formål og implementering; analyserer hvorledes implementeringen levede op til de syv principper for god feedbackpraksis; og vi argumenterer for, at omstruktureringen var en stor succes, idet vi efter de nye tiltag har set større arbejdsindsats og læringsudbytte samt højere karakterer og beståelsesrater.
DUT Guide to research presentations
Authors: Greve Linda
Published: September 2021

Two of the most common mistakes made during the thousands and thousands of conference presentations held at conferences each year are: 1) the presenter forgets the purpose of the presentation (to inspire, communicate, get feedback and create a networks) and withdraws to a private party with his or her slides and presenter notes where the audience is essentially not needed. 2) The presenter makes the Cartesian divide between mind and body, and believes that body language, voice and interaction with the audience is unimportant when presenting scientific facts.
This DUT Guide will take you through the six easy steps to better academic presentations.
Eksempel, eksemplaritet, erfaring
Authors: Nørgaard Palle , Hultberg Magnus
Published: September 2021

Hvis det autentiske handler om den studerendes oplevelse af læringens relevans og læringens stræben efter den nære forbindelse til virkeligheden, så kan faget ”Frivilligledelse i praksis”, som Serviceøkonomuddannelsen på Erhvervsakademi Aarhus har udviklet og gennemfører i samarbejde med musikeventen NorthSide, måske tjene til inspiration. Artiklen er et forsøg på at gøre opmærksom på væsentlige aspekter i deltagelsens dimension, der hvor den studerende ikke blot performer men eksperimenterer med nye udgaver af sig selv. Artiklen beskriver derfor, hvordan vi arbejder med længerevarende fastholdelse af den studerende, med scenarieøvelser og transfer i praksisfællesskaber, og hvordan vi forsøger at understøtte udvikling af en faglig identitet hos den studerende. Autenticitet – forstået som en værdi i den lærende oplevelse – lægges frem i en firedimensionel optik, hvor vi argumenterer for at indtænke en iterativ dimension i læring for at understøtte transfer mellem praksiserfaring og identitetsdannelse hos den, som lærer.
En illustrativ case. Om at komme gruppeeksamen til livs uanset gode argumenter
Authors: Hermansen Mads
Published: September 2021

Debatindlæg af Mads Hermansen
MEDIA BEHAVIOUR OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN: TV AND TV ADVERTISING VIEWING
Authors: Zumrová Kristýna , Gunina Daria , Novák Michal
Published: September 2021

This study aims to analyse the TV and TV advertising viewing habits of preschool children. This study uses a qualitative approach based on media diaries, which were completed by the parents of fifteen preschool children over one week. The findings show that the preferable daypart for viewing TV by preschool children is the evening hours. Furthermore, the children mostly view children’s oriented TV programmes either alone or with their siblings. The results show that advertising influences children’s behaviour. In contrast with several previous studies, this paper does not support the claim that children begin to understand advertising messages from the age of eight as the study shows they understand it at an earlier age. Ultimately, this study confirms that TV advertising is still a convenient tool for communication with preschool children. The findings of this study contribute to the on-going debate about children’s TV viewing behaviour and children’s TV advertising.
A parameter-free statistical test for neuronal responsiveness
Authors: Montijn Jorrit S , Seignette Koen , Howlett Marcus H , Cazemier J Leonie , Kamermans Maarten , Levelt Christiaan N , Heimel J Alexander
Published: September 2021

Neurophysiological studies depend on a reliable quantification of whether and when a neuron responds to stimulation. Simple methods to determine responsiveness require arbitrary parameter choices, such as binning size, while more advanced model-based methods require fitting and hyperparameter tuning. These parameter choices can change the results, which invites bad statistical practice and reduces the replicability. New recording techniques that yield increasingly large numbers of cells would benefit from a test for cell-inclusion that requires no manual curation. Here, we present the parameter-free ZETA-test, which outperforms t-tests, ANOVAs, and renewal-process-based methods by including more cells at a similar false-positive rate. We show that our procedure works across brain regions and recording techniques, including calcium imaging and Neuropixels data. Furthermore, in illustration of the method, we show in mouse visual cortex that (1) visuomotor-mismatch and spatial location are encoded by different neuronal subpopulations and (2) optogenetic stimulation of VIP cells leads to early inhibition and subsequent disinhibition.
Efecto de la inmunoterapia con alérgenos específicos en pacientes pediátricos con asma atendidos en una institución de salud de Colombia
Authors: Puerto Jorge Andrés , Uribe Susana , Calvo Víctor , Cardona Ricardo
Published: September 2021

Introducción. El asma es una enfermedad crónica y potencialmente grave. El 80 % de los casos es de origen alérgico, por lo cual la inmunoterapia específica con alérgenos es una alternativa terapéutica que modula el curso natural de la enfermedad.Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto de la inmunoterapia en pacientes pediátricos con asma atendidos en una institución de salud de Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional descriptivo con componente analítico de corte transversal. Se incluyeron 62 pacientes con diagnóstico de asma alérgica sensibilizados a ácaros del polvo y en tratamiento, mínimo, con seis dosis de inmunoterapia contra ácaros. El efecto del tratamiento se evaluó mediante la escala de puntuación del ACT (Asthma Control Test), la escala de tratamiento de la GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma) y la espirometría.Resultados. La puntuación de la prueba ACT antes del inicio de la inmunoterapia, correspondía a 30 % de pacientes con asma no controlada, 28 % con buen control y 4 % con asma totalmente controlada. Entre los pacientes con asma no controlada, el 46,7 % logró un buen control y el 23,3 % alcanzó un control total. En cuanto a la percepción de los pacientes sobre la mejoría con la inmunoterapia, el 9,75 % percibió una mejoría menor del 50 %, el 45,2 %, una entre el 50 y el 90 %, en tanto que el 41,9 % refirió una igual o mayor del 90 %. No se encontraron cambios significativos en los valores del volumen espiratorio forzado en un segundo (VEF1) en las espirometrías.Conclusiones. Se observaron cambios significativos en los puntajes del ACT y en la percepción de mejoría de la enfermedad en la población tratada con inmunoterapia específica para ácaros, es decir, que esta tendría un efecto beneficioso en el curso natural de la enfermedad.
Consumo crónico de edulcorantes en ratones y su efecto sobre el sistema inmunitario y la microbiota del intestino delgado
Authors: Escoto Jorge Alberto , Martínez-Carrillo Beatriz Elina , Ramírez-Durán Ninfa , Ramírez-Saad Hugo , Aguirre-Garrido José Félix , Valdés-Ramos Roxana
Published: September 2021

Introducción. Los edulcorantes son aditivos que se consumen en los alimentos. Pueden ser naturales (sacarosa y estevia) o artificiales (sucralosa). Actualmente, se consumen rutinariamente en múltiples productos, y sus efectos en la mucosa y la microbiota del intestino delgado aún son controversialesObjetivo. Relacionar el consumo de edulcorantes y su efecto en el sistema inmunitario y la microbiota del intestino delgado en ratones CD1.Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 54 ratones CD1 de tres semanas de edad divididos en tres grupos: un grupo de tres semanas sin tratamiento, un grupo tratado durante seis semanas y un grupo tratado durante 12 semanas. Se les administró sacarosa, sucralosa y estevia. A partir del intestino delgado, se obtuvieron linfocitos B CD19+ y células IgA+, TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor-beta) o el factor de crecimiento transformador beta (TGF-beta), IL-12 e IL-17 de las placas de Peyer y de la lámina propia. De los sólidos intestinales se obtuvo el ADN para identificar las especies bacterianas.Resultados. Después del consumo de sacarosa y sucralosa durante 12 semanas, se redujeron las comunidades bacterianas, la IgA+ y el TGF-beta, se aumentó el CD19+, y además, se incrementaron la IL-12 y la IL-17 en las placas de Peyer; en la lámina propia, aumentaron todos estos valores. En cambio, con la estevia mejoraron la diversidad bacteriana y el porcentaje de linfocitos CD19+, y hubo poco incremento de IgA+, TGF-b e IL-17, pero con disminución de la IL-17.Conclusión. La sacarosa y la sucralosa alteraron negativamente la diversidad bacteriana y los parámetros inmunitarios después de 12 semanas, en contraste con la estevia que resultó benéfica para la mucosa intestinal.
Self-reported body weight and weight-related stigmatization experiences among young adult women—two contexts, but similar attitudes related to body image, mentalself-schemas, self-esteem, and stereotypes of people with obesity
Authors: Jach Łukasz , Krystoń Sonia
Published: September 2021

Background

Weight stigma is a serious challenge because of its negative impact on human health and harmful psychological and behavioral consequences. The aim of the study was to explore and compare the relationships between self-reported body weight and weight-related stigmatization experiences and body image, mental self-image, self-esteem, and stereotypes concerning people with obesity among young adult Polish women (N= 374; aged between 18 and 35).

Methods

The study was conducted online on a Polish sample recruited through a social network site, a website, and snowball sampling. Body mass index (BMI) was used to assign the respondents to groups with normal or excess weight. We tested whether women enrolled in the study experienced weight-related stigmatization using two questions based on the concepts of spoiled identity and related to the obesity stigma. The Contour Drawing Rating Scale was used to study different aspects of the body image and discrepancies between them. The Self-Discrepancy Questionnaire was used to study the self-schemas associated with mental qualities. The Polish version of the Rosenberg’s Self Esteem Scale was applied to determine self-esteem level. Stereotypes concerning people with obesity were studied using the semantic differential method.

Results

Although excess weight was associated with weight-related stigmatization experiences, many women reported confronting such stigmatization even though their body weight was normal according to the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Women with excess weight and women with weight-related stigmatization experiences were characterized by larger discrepancies between theactualbody image and theideal,reflected, andoughtbody image, lower self-esteem, and more negative beliefs about their mentalactualandreflected selfcompared to women with normal weight and without weight-related stigmatization experiences. The study participants from all groups tended to believe theiractualbody image to be ampler than theidealand theoughtbody images. They also believed that other people perceived their mental qualities more positively than they did. The study groups were also characterized by negative stereotypes of people with obesity, although these stereotypes were more vital in women with excess weight and women who experienced weight-related stigmatization.

Conclusion

The study shows the similarity between psychological functioning of women with self-reported excess weight and those who experience weight-related stigma. The results also provide guidelines for practical actions aimed at reducing negative mental outcomes associated with not conforming to body weight standards.
Evolution of inbreeding: a gaze into five Italian beef cattle breeds history
Authors: Rovelli Giacomo , Luigi-Sierra Maria Gracia , Guan Dailu , Sbarra Fiorella , Quaglia Andrea , Sarti Francesca Maria , Amills Marcel , Lasagna Emiliano
Published: September 2021

In the last decades, intensive selection programs have led to sustained increases of inbreeding in dairy cattle, a feature that might have adverse consequences on the viability and phenotypic performance of their offspring. This study aimed to determine the evolution of inbreeding of five Italian beef cattle breeds (Marchigiana, Chianina, Romagnola, Maremmana, and Podolica) during a period of almost 20 years (2002–2019). The estimates of Ho, He, Fhat2, and Fped averaged across years (2002–2019) in the studied breeds fluctuated between 0.340–0.401, 0.348–0.392, –0.121–0.072, and 0.000–0.068, respectively. Moreover, annual rates of increase of the estimated inbreeding coefficients have been very low (Fhat2 = 0.01–0.02%; Fped = 0.003–0.004%). The use of a high number of bulls combined with strategies implemented by the Association of Italian Beef Cattle Breeders ANABIC to minimize inbreeding might explain these results. Despite the fact that diversity and inbreeding have remained quite stable during the last two decades, we have detected a sustained decrease of the population effective size of these five breeds. Such results should be interpreted with caution due to the inherent difficulty of estimating Ne from SNPs data in a reliable manner.
Evaluation of the molluscicidal activities of arylpyrrole on Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum
Authors: Xing Yuntian , Yao Jiakai , Qu Guoli , Dai Jianrong , Feng Bainian
Published: September 2021

The snail Oncomelania hupensis is the only intermediate host of the highly invasive parasite Schistosoma japonicum. Molluscicide is often used to curb transmission of S. japonicum. Niclosamide, the only World Health Organization (WHO) recognized molluscicide, presents major drawbacks, including high cost and toxicity towards aquatic animals. In the present study, a number of aryl pyrrole derivatives (ADs) were synthesized to serve as potential molluscicides and were tested on O. hupensis. To uncover the underlying mechanisms, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) levels were assessed in the soft body of ADs-exposed O. hupensis, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The effect of C6 on key points of energy metabolism (the activities of complexes I, III, IV and the membrane potential) was determined. We demonstrated that the Compound 6 (C6, 4-bromo-1-(bromomethyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile) exerted the strongest molluscicidal activity against adult O. hupensis at LC50 of 0.27, 0.19, and 0.13 mg/L for 24, 48, and 72 h respectively. Moreover, we found that the bromide on the pyrrole ring of C6 was essential for molluscicidal activity. Furthermore, the ATP content reduced from 194.46 to 139.75 μg/g after exposure to 1/2 LC50, and reduced to 93.06 μg/g after exposure to LC50. ADP, on the other hand, remained the same level before and after C6 exposure. We found that C6, at 1/2 LC50, reduced the membrane potential of O. hupensis, while no significant changes were observed in the activities of complexes I, III, and IV. C6 was identified with excellent activities on O. hupensis. The obtained structure−activity relationship and action mechanism study results should be useful for further compound design and development.
Human Serum Albumin: A Novel Drug Delivery Carrier System
Authors: Patel Snehal , Aundhia Chintan , Seth Avinash , Shah Nirmal , Gohil Dipti , Pandya Kartik
Published: September 2021

Serum albumin, often referred to simply as albumin, is a globular protein that in humans is encoded by the ALB gene. Albumin is a multifaceted, highly soluble, stable, nontoxic, non-poisonous, biocompatible and biodegradable plasma protein. Albumin has been widely studied as a protein carrier for drug delivery. Because of its versatile nature, it can also be used for the delivery of the hormones, metals and fatty acids by binding to its specific binding sites. Various studies revealed that albumin can be used to increase the circulating half-life and bioavailability of drug molecules which are smaller than the renal filtration threshold and are rapidly lost from the circulation leading to limiting therapeutic potential. This review article presents advantages, disadvantages, functions, importance, different nanoparticles that can be crowned with an albumin and the special features of albumin as a drug carrier, and how the understanding of these features is currently being employed to optimize the circulatory half-life albumin.
Self-Medication with Antibiotic among Public Population in Erbil City
Authors: Muhammed Rozhan Arif , Al-Ani Ahmed Habeeb Hattab Dala Ali , Yassen Ali Omar
Published: September 2021

Self-medication is the administration of medications without a medical prescription to manage self-diagnosed health problems or symptoms. Self-medication with antibiotics is a global phenomenon, and it is more common in developing countries due to poor regulatory controls. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics in Erbil city, Iraq. This was an observational cross-sectional study involving a total of 100 people from the public population in Erbil City, Iraq. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants. Among 100 participants, 90% of them were self-medicated with antibiotics. Amoxicillin was the most commonly used antibiotic for self-medication. For successful treatment, 77% of the participants were satisfied by self-medication with the antibiotic. The primary source for the antibiotic was from a community pharmacy with 38%. The study showed that there is a significant association between self-medication with antibiotics and the occupational status of the participants. Self-medication with antibiotics was found to be prevalent among the public population of Erbil City. As a recommendation regulatory control should be implemented to prevent dispensing antibiotics without a medical prescription.
Possible inhibitory effects of terbinafine on aripiprazole metabolism: Two case reports
Authors: McGrane Ian R. , Lindbloom Tori J. , Munjal Robert C.
Published: September 2021

Aripiprazole, an atypical antipsychotic, is a metabolic substrate for cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 and 2D6. Terbinafine, an antifungal agent used for onychomycosis, is a CYP2D6 inhibitor and could theoretically reduce the metabolism of aripiprazole. However, there are no published reports describing this interaction. We present 2 female patients hospitalized in a psychiatric unit who were both taking aripiprazole 15 mg daily and terbinafine 250 mg daily prior to admission. The first patient was a 58-year-old female who was prescribed aripiprazole and terbinafine concomitantly for approximately 5 months prior to admission. A commercial pharmacogenetic testing platform classified this patient as a normal metabolizer for CYP3A4 and 2D6. The first patient's serum trough aripiprazole concentration at steady-state concentration (Css) was 207.5 ng/mL. The second patient was a 43-year-old female who was taking aripiprazole and terbinafine concomitantly for approximately 2 weeks prior to admission who had a Css aripiprazole concentration of 278.9 ng/mL. Aripiprazole has a wide therapeutic range (100 to 350 ng/mL) and a reference dose-related drug concentration of 11.7 (mean) ± 5.6 (SD) ng/mL/mg/d. Our patients had Css aripiprazole concentrations 18% and 59% higher than guideline-supported dose-related drug concentrations. Through the use of therapeutic drug monitoring, pharmacogenetic data, electronic pharmaceutical claims data, and the Drug Interaction Probability Scale, we suggest terbinafine possibly increases aripiprazole concentrations 18% to 59%. Further reports are needed to confirm these findings prior to using this information in clinical practice.
Alcohol problematic consumption and associated variables among users of a primary care service / Consumo problemático de álcool e variáveis associadas entre usuários de um serviço de atenção primária
Authors: Maciel Marjorie Ester Dias , Soares Janaina , De Vargas Divane
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: identificar o consumo problemático de álcool e variáveis associadas (sóciodemográficas, clínicas e comportamentais) de usuários de um serviço de atenção primária à saúde localizado no município de São Paulo/ SP. Métodos: estudo transversal com 865 usuários. Utilizou-se o instrumento Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test e um questionário contendo variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e comportamentais. A associação entre cada variável do estudo e o consumo problemático de álcool foi realizada por meio da regressão Poisson estimando a razão de prevalência ajustada com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: constatou-se que 31,1% da amostra faz uso problemático. Destes,15,5% faziam uso de risco, 4,1% uso nocivo e 11,5% apresentavam provável transtorno por uso de álcool. Conclusão: as variáveis associadas ao consumo problemático foram ser do sexo masculino, idade jovem, ter infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, consumir substâncias, consumir pinga e consumir cerveja e pinga.
Psychosocial load and burnout syndrome in healthcare professionals in the fight against COVID-19 pandemic / Carga psicossocial e síndrome de burnout em profissionais de saúde no combate a pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Silva Roni Robson da , Silva Leandro Andrade da
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: fornecer informações sobre os riscos potenciais da síndrome de Burnout e da exposição de profissionais de saúde na pandemia COVID-19. Método: trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura que seguiu a estratégia PICO. A busca dos artigos foi realizada em três bases de dados eletrônicas: Pubmed/Medline, BVS e SciELO. Foram utilizados os descritores “mental health”, "burnout", "coronavírus" e "health personnel” com textos completos, publicados no período de 2016 a 2021, no idioma inglês, português e espanhol e foi usado o operador boleano AND. Resultados: foram encontrados 168 artigos. Trinta e cinco artigos foram selecionados para serem lidos na íntegra e 10 atenderam aos critérios desta revisão. Conclusão: as evidências mostram que os profissionais de saúde da linha de frente de enfrentamento ao COVID-19 apresentam maior vulnerabilidade de desenvolver transtornos mentais, exaustão e ideação suicida.
A Supramolecular Nanomedicine Based on Bendamustine and MDM2‐Targeted D‐peptide Inhibitor for Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhou Yunjiang , Chen Yaxin , Huang Xing , Tan Yingying , Hu Rong , Li Chong , Niu Miao‐Miao
Published: September 2021

Bendamustine (BEN) is a FDA‐approved bifunctional DNA‐alkylating chemotherapy drug, but it suffers from short half‐life, instability, and poor biocompatibility in the clinical application. Due to unique biostability of d‐amino acid‐containing peptides (D‐peptides), constructing D‐peptide‐small molecule drug conjugates is emerging as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Here, a high‐affinity MDM2‐targeted D‐peptide (peptide 5) is discovered by applying structure‐based drug design (SBDD). Taking the advantages of d‐amino acids, a novel self‐assembling D‐peptide‐small molecule drug conjugate (BEN‐FF‐peptide 5) is developed by simultaneously conjugating small molecule drug BEN and peptide 5 to the self‐assembling peptide. In vitro results demonstrate that BEN‐FF‐peptide 5 exhibits superior cellular uptake ability, good biostability in human serum and strong inhibitory effect on the growth of human breast cancer (MCF‐7) cells. In vivo study reveals that BEN‐FF‐peptide 5 significantly inhibits the growth of MCF‐7 cells‐derived xenograft in nude mice with no obvious side effects. This work provides a useful strategy to construct D‐peptide‐small molecule drug conjugates for high‐efficacy and low‐toxicity cancer therapy.
Investigating the Structure‐Reactivity Relationships Between Nicotinamide Coenzyme Biomimetics and Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Reductase
Authors: Tan Zhuotao , Han Yaoying , Fu Yaping , Zhang Xiaowang , Xu Mengjiao , Na Qi , Zhuang Wei , Qu Xudong , Ying Hanjie , Zhu Chenjie
Published: September 2021

Ene reductases (ERs) are attractive biocatalysts in terms of their high enantioselectivity and expanded substrate scope. Recent works have proved that synthetic nicotinamide coenzyme biomimetics (NCBs) can be used as easily accessible alternatives to natural cofactors in ER‐catalyzed reactions. However, the structure‐reactivity relationships between NCBs and ERs and influence factors are still poorly understood. In this study, a series of C‐5 methyl modified NCBs were synthesized and tested in the PETNR‐catalyzed asymmetric reductions. The physicochemical properties of these NCBs including electrochemical properties, stability, and kinetic behavior were studied in detail. The results showed that hydrophobic interaction caused by the introduced methyl group contributed to the stabilization of binding conformation in enzyme active site, resulting in comparable catalytic activity with that of NADPH. Molecular dynamics and steered molecular dynamics simulations were further performed to explain the binding mechanism between PETNR and NCBs, which revealed that stable catalytic conformation, appropriate donor‐acceptor distance and angle, as well as free dissociation energy are important factors affecting the activity of NCBs.

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Z‐Selective Synthesis of α‐Sulfanyl Carbonyl Compounds from Internal Alkynes and Thiols via Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Luridiana Alberto , Frongia Angelo , Scorciapino Mariano Andrea , Malloci Giuliano , Manconi Barbara , Serrao Simone , Ricci Pier Carlo , Secci Francesco
Published: September 2021

A synthetically useful Z‐selective cascade formal thiyl radical addition, 1,3‐double bond isomerization, oxygen trapping reaction, can be promoted by Eosin B under visible light, leading to the construction of 2‐aryl‐ and alkylthio enone derivatives in good yields. An accurate study on the reactivity of different thiols and the screening of the reaction conditions, allowed us to extend this reaction to a large number of substrates, showing a good functional groups tolerance while highlighting the limitations of this procedure. Background experiments and mechanistic studies were also. performed to rationalize this cascade process. The usefulness of this methodology was finally demonstrated via the transformation of a series of α‐sulfanyl‐enone adducts through selected oxidation reactions, stereoselective synthesis of cyclopropyl ketones, indanones, and pyrazole compounds.

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In Situ Constructed P–N Junction on Cu2O Nanocubes through Reticular Chemistry for Simultaneously Boosting CO2 Reduction Depth and Ameliorating Photocorrosion
Authors: Wei Zhihe , Mu Qiaoqiao , Li Xian , Yuan Xuzhou , Su Yanhui , Deng Zhao , Peng Yang , Shen Mingrong
Published: September 2021

Photocatalytic CO2 conversion into value‐added chemicals is the one‐stone–two‐birds approach to help meet the carbon neutral goal of near future, and lies on the development of competent photocatalysts that efficiently generate and separate the electron‐hole pairs. Herein, through reticular chemistry a p–n heterojunction is constructed on Cu2O nanocubes by in situ transforming the surface to metal–porphyrin coordination polymer. The resulted Cu2O@Cu‐TCPP core–shell heterostructure, when used for catalyzing CO2 reduction, exhibits not only improved activity, but also enhanced reduction depth. This boosted reducing power is attributed to the improved charge separation efficiency and thus populated charge carriers, as a result of the built‐in electron field of the p–n heterojunction. In addition, the Cu‐TCPP coating serves as a protecting sheath to mitigate the self‐corrosion of Cu2O. Consequently, this study opens a new avenue of photocatalyst design and fabrication for simultaneously promoting multielectron products and ameliorating photocorrosion issues.
A phase I/II study of ixazomib, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone for lenalidomide and proteasome inhibitor refractory multiple myeloma (Alliance A061202)
Authors: Voorhees Peter M. , Suman Vera J. , Tuchman Sascha A. , Laubach Jacob P. , Hassoun Hani , Efebera Yvonne A. , Mulkey Flora , Bova‐Solem Misty , Santo Katelyn , Carlisle Destin , McCarthy Philip L. , Richardson Paul G.
Published: September 2021

Preclinical studies have demonstrated activity of the oral proteasome inhibitor (PI) ixazomib (IXA) in bortezomib‐resistant multiple myeloma (MM) and synergy with immunomodulatory drugs. We therefore conducted a phase I/II study to establish the safety and preliminary efficacy of IXA with pomalidomide (POM) and dexamethasone (DEX) in lenalidomide (LEN)/PI‐refractory MM. Dose escalation established a 4 mg dose of POM and IXA and 20/40 mg dose of DEX as the maximum tolerated dose. The phase II portion of the trial was redesigned and started anew after six patients had been randomized to IXA‐POM‐DEX due to a rapidly changing treatment landscape. Among the 29 evaluable LEN/PI‐refractory patients treated with IXA‐POM‐DEX in phase I/II, the overall response rate (partial response or better) was 51.7% with a median duration of response of 16.8 months (range 56 days to 4.1 years), median progression‐free survival of 4.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.0–18.4), and median overall survival of 34.3 months (95% CI: 19.2 to not reached). Hematologic, gastrointestinal, and constitutional adverse events were common and consistent with the side‐effect profiles of the individual agents. Our results support further evaluation of this all‐oral regimen in relapsed/refractory MM.
Exploiting Configurational Lability in Aza‐Sulfur Compounds for the Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Sulfonimidamides
Authors: Tilby Michael J. , Dewez Damien F. , Hall Adrian , Martínez Lamenca Carolina , Willis Michael C.
Published: September 2021

Methods for establishing the absolute configuration of sulfur‐stereogenic aza‐sulfur derivatives are scarce, often relying on cumbersome protocols and a limited pool of enantioenriched starting materials. We have addressed this by exploiting, for the first time, a feature of sulfonimidamides in which it is possible for tautomeric structures to also be enantiomeric. Such sulfonimidamides can readily generate prochiral ions, which we have exploited in an enantioselective alkylation process. Selectivity is achieved using a readily prepared bis‐quaternized phase‐transfer catalyst. The overall process establishes the capability of configurationally labile aza‐sulfur species to be used in asymmetric catalysis.
Homoleptic Alkynyl‐Protected Ag15 Nanocluster with Atomic Precision: Structural Analysis and Electrocatalytic Performance toward CO2 Reduction
Authors: Qin Lubing , Sun Fang , Ma Xiaoshuang , Ma Guanyu , Tang Yun , Wang Likai , Tang Qing , Jin Rongchao , Tang Zhenghua
Published: September 2021

We report the fabrication of homoleptic alkynyl‐protected Ag15(C≡C‐tBu)12+ (abbreviated as Ag15) nanocluster and its electrocatalytic properties toward CO2 reduction reaction. Crystal structure analysis reveals that Ag15 possesses a body‐centered‐cubic (BCC) structure with an Ag@Ag8@Ag6 metal core configuration. Interestingly, we found that Ag15 can adsorb CO2 in the air and spontaneously self‐assembled into one‐dimensional linear material during the crystal growth process. Furthermore, Ag15 can convert CO2 into CO with a faradaic efficiency of ca. 95.0 % at −0.6 V and a maximal turnover frequency of 6.37 s−1 at −1.1 V along with excellent long‐term stability. Finally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations disclosed that Ag15(C≡C‐tBu)11+ with one alkynyl ligand stripping off from the intact cluster can expose the uncoordinated Ag atom as the catalytically active site for CO formation.
Unexpected Formation of Metallofulleroids from Multicomponent Reactions, with Crystallographic and Computational Studies of the Cluster Motion
Authors: Li Yanbang , Emge Thomas J. , Moreno‐Vicente Antonio , Kopcha William P. , Sun Yue , Mansoor Iram F. , Lipke Mark C. , Hall Gene S. , Poblet Josep M. , Rodríguez‐Fortea Antonio , Zhang Jianyuan
Published: September 2021

New multicomponent reactions involving an isocyanide, terminal or internal alkynes, and endohedral metallofullerene (EMF) Lu3N@C80 yield metallofulleroids which are characterized by mass‐spectrometry, HPLC, and multiple 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Single crystal studies revealed one ketenimine metallofulleroid has ordered Lu3N cluster which is unusual for EMF monoadducts. Computational analysis, based on crystallographic data, confirm that the endohedral cluster motion is controlled by the position of the exohedral organic appendants. Our findings provide a new functionalization reaction for EMFs, and a potential facile approach to freeze the endohedral cluster motion at relatively high temperatures.
Supernova: A Deoxyribozyme that Catalyzes a Chemiluminescent Reaction
Authors: Svehlova Katerina , Lukšan Ondřej , Jakubec Martin , Curtis Edward A.
Published: September 2021

Functional DNA molecules are useful components in nanotechnology and synthetic biology. To expand the toolkit of functional DNA parts, in this study we used artificial evolution to identify a glowing deoxyribozyme called Supernova. This deoxyribozyme transfers a phosphate from a 1,2‐dioxetane substrate to its 5′ hydroxyl group, which triggers a chemiluminescent reaction and a flash of blue light. An engineered version of Supernova is only catalytically active in the presence of an oligonucleotide complementary to its 3′ end, demonstrating that light production can be coupled to ligand binding. We anticipate that Supernova will be useful in a wide variety of applications, including as a signaling component in allosterically regulated sensors and in logic gates of molecular computers.
Chromium catalysts based on PNP(NR2)2 ligands for selective ethylene oligomerization
Authors: Zhang Jingyi , Alam Fakhre , Fan Haonan , Ma Jing , Jiang Tao
Published: September 2021

High active and selective 1–3 chromium catalysts based on the corresponding Ph2PN(cyclopentyl)P (NR2)2‐type L1–L3 ligands (L1: R = methyl, L2: R = ethyl, L3: R = isopropyl) have been explored for selective ethylene tri‐/tetramerization. We found that the ligand substituents and the experimental conditions considerably influenced the catalytic performance of 1–3 based catalysts. Combining a higher ethylene pressure can elevate the selectivity of 1‐octene (67.98%) of precatalyst 1 with high catalytic activity (9.3 × 106 g/[molCr h]). Furthermore, precatalysts 2–3 efficiently offer selective ethylene trimerization and afforded 97.76% 1‐hexene selectivity with 5.8 × 106 g/(molCr h) catalytic activity (in case precatalyst 3). A relatively low catalyst mass, high Al/Cr molar ratio, and high ethylene pressure display excellent catalytic activity and selectivity for ethylene oligomerization.
The symbiotic binary ZZ CMi: Intranight variability and suggested outbursting nature
Authors: Zamanov Radoslav K. , Stoyanov Kiril A. , Kostov Andon , Kurtenkov Alexander , Nikolov Grigor , Latev Georgi , Bode Michael F. , Martí Josep , Luque‐Escamilla Pedro L. , Tomov Nikolay , Nikolov Yanko M. , Boeva Svetlana S.
Published: September 2021

We present photometric and spectral observations of the symbiotic star ZZ CMi. We detect intranight variability—flickering and smooth variations in U band. The amplitude of the flickering is about mag in U band. In the B band, the variability is lower, with amplitude mag. We also detect variability in the and emission lines, and find an indication for outflow with velocity of about 120–150 km/s. The results indicate that ZZ CMi is an accretion‐powered symbiotic containing an M4‐M6 III cool component with a white dwarf resembling recurrent novae and jet‐ejecting symbiotic stars.
Organocatalytic enantioselective synthesis of phthalans via Wittig/oxa‐Michael cascade reaction
Authors: Son Eun Chae , No Jaeeun , Kim Sung‐Gon
Published: September 2021

An enantioselective synthetic method for 1‐substituted phthalans has been developed. The organocatalytic reaction between 1,3‐dihydro‐2‐benzofuran‐1‐ols and Wittig reagents using cinchona squaramide‐based organocatalyst proceeded with sequential Wittig reaction followed by an enantioselective intramolecular oxa‐Michael reaction, yielding enantioenriched phthalans with moderate to good enantioselectivities.
Modeling‐Assisted Design of Thermostable Benzaldehyde Lyases from Rhodococcus erythropolis for Continuous Production of α‐Hydroxy Ketones
Authors: Peng Martin , Siebert Dominik L. , Engqvist Martin K. M. , Niemeyer Christof M. , Rabe Kersten S.
Published: September 2021

Enantiopure α‐hydroxy ketones are important building blocks of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), which can be produced by thiamine‐diphosphate‐dependent lyases, such as benzaldehyde lyase. Here we report the discovery of a novel thermostable benzaldehyde lyase from Rhodococcus erythropolis R138 (ReBAL). While the overall sequence identity to the only experimentally confirmed benzaldehyde lyase from Pseudomonas fluorescens Biovar I (PfBAL) was only 65 %, comparison of a structural model of ReBAL with the crystal structure of PfBAL revealed only four divergent amino acids in the substrate binding cavity. Based on rational design, we generated two ReBAL variants, which were characterized along with the wild‐type enzyme in terms of their substrate spectrum, thermostability and biocatalytic performance in the presence of different co‐solvents. We found that the new enzyme variants have a significantly higher thermostability (up to 22 °C increase in T50) and a different co‐solvent‐dependent activity. Using the most stable variant immobilized in packed‐bed reactors via the SpyCatcher/SpyTag system, (R)‐benzoin was synthesized from benzaldehyde over a period of seven days with a stable space‐time‐yield of 9.3 mmol ⋅ L‐1 ⋅ d−1. Our work expands the important class of benzaldehyde lyases and therefore contributes to the development of continuous biocatalytic processes for the production of α‐hydroxy ketones and APIs.
High Fidelity Enzyme‐Free Primer Extension with an Ethynylpyridone Thymidine Analog
Authors: Han Jianyang , Kervio Eric , Richert Clemens
Published: September 2021

High fidelity base pairing is important for the transmission of genetic information. Weak base pairs can lower fidelity, complicating sequencing, amplification and replication of DNA. Thymidine 5′‐monophosphate (TMP) is the most weakly pairing nucleotide among the canonical deoxynucleotides, causing high errors rates in enzyme‐free primer extension. Here we report the synthesis of an ethynylpyridone C‐nucleoside analog of 3′‐amino‐2′,3′‐dideoxythymidine monophosphate and its incorporation in a growing strand by enzyme‐free primer extension. The ethynylpyridone C‐nucleotide accelerates extension more than five‐fold, reduces misincorporation and readily displaces TMP in competition experiments. The results bode well for the use of the C‐nucleoside as replacements for thymidine in practical applications.
Donor‐Stabilised [SbF4]+: SbF5 as a Fluoride‐Ion Donor
Authors: O'Donnell Felix , Turnbull Douglas , Wetmore Stacey D. , Gerken Michael
Published: September 2021

Antimony pentafluoride is a strong Lewis acid and fluoride‐ion acceptor that has not previously demonstrated any discreet fluoride‐ion donor properties. The first donor‐stabilised [SbF4]+ cations were prepared from the autoionisation of SbF5 in the presence of bidentate N‐donor ligands 2,2’‐bipyridine (bipy) and 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) as their [SbF6]− salts. The [SbF4(N−N)][Sb2F11] (N−N=bipy, phen) salts were synthesised by the addition of one equivalent of SbF5⋅SO2 to [SbF4(N−N)][SbF6] in liquid SO2. The salts show remarkable stability and were characterised by Raman spectroscopy and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structures of [SbF4(phen)][SbF6] ⋅ 3CH3CN and [SbF4(phen)][SbF6] ⋅ 2SO2 were determined, showing distorted octahedral cations. DFT calculations and NBO analyses reveal that significant degree of electron‐pair donation from N to Sb stabilizes [SbF4]+ with the Sb−N bond strength being approximately two thirds of that of the Sb−F bonds in these cations and the cationic charge being primarily ligand‐centred.
Crystalline Covalent Organic Frameworks with Tailored Linkages for Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Wu Shuhong , Pan Yi , Lin Huan , Li Liuyi , Fu Xianzhi , Long Jinlin
Published: September 2021

Crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous polymeric semiconductors with network topologies, which are built from the integration of selected organic blocks with covalent bond linkages. They have shown great promise for artificial photosynthesis, owing to broad light harvesting, high crystallinity, and high carrier mobility. This Minireview introduces state‐of‐the‐art COF photocatalysts based on different linkages and discusses the origin of photocatalytic activities for hydrogen evolution. Three typical COF photocatalysts, with linkages including imine (−C=N−), β‐ketoenamine (O=C−C=C−NH−), and vinylene (−C=C−), are discussed with a particular focus on the advancements in synthetic methodologies and structural design, as well as photoelectronic properties that are relevant to photocatalytic performance. The Minireview is expected to elucidate their structure–property relationships and the way to design photoactive COFs with enhanced performances.
Development of micro array sensor for aerial ultrasonic of 1 MHz
Authors: Tanaka Tsunehisa , Nakayama Kengo , Murakami Shuichi
Published: September 2021

We developed a Micro Electro‐Mechanical Systems ultrasonic array sensor that is capable of detecting 1 MHz airborne ultrasonic waves for use in devices for inspecting the interior of objects. The sensor is an array of vibrating membranes, each consisting of a metal lower electrode, a platinum upper electrode, and a polymer ferroelectric layer between them. In this study, two kinds of electrode materials, aluminum or gold, were used for the lower electrode to investigate how they affect the characteristics of such high resonant‐frequency sensors. The sensor using aluminum showed about four times better sensitivity than that using gold.
The anticipated social cost of disclosing a rejection experience
Authors: Meral Erdem O. , van Osch Yvette , Ren Dongning , van Dijk Eric , van Beest Ilja
Published: September 2021

Social rejection is a negative experience. Disclosing this experience to others may be beneficial for the target but may also entail costs if the audience reacts negatively. Across five pre‐registered studies (N = 1120), we investigated how people may feel an urge to disclose a certain hypothetical rejection experience, but, depending on anticipated costs and benefits, may be reluctant to do so. The results reveal that when considering disclosing this rejection experience (a) targets anticipate social costs rather than benefits, and audiences indeed devalue such targets who disclose that they were rejected; (b) targets feel the urge to talk about this experience yet feel reluctant to do so; and (c) targets see disclosing to a close other as less risky, hence mitigating the conflicting urge and reluctance to talk. These findings suggest that people view disclosing a rejection experience as risky and perhaps not as the best coping strategy.
Nonmalignant portal vein thrombi in patients with cirrhosis consist of intimal fibrosis with or without a fibrin‐rich thrombus
Authors: Driever Ellen G. , von Meijenfeldt Fien A. , Adelmeijer Jelle , de Haas Robbert J. , van den Heuvel Marius C. , Nagasami Chandrasekaran , Weisel John W. , Fondevila Constantino , Porte Robert J. , Blasi Anabel , Heaton Nigel , Gregory Stephen , Kane Pauline , Bernal William , Zen Yoh , Lisman Ton
Published: September 2021

Background and Aim

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a common complication of cirrhosis. The exact pathophysiology remains largely unknown, and treatment with anticoagulants does not lead to recanalization of the portal vein in all patients. A better insight into the structure and composition of portal vein thrombi may assist in developing strategies for the prevention and treatment of PVT.

Approach and Results

Sixteen prospectively and 63 retrospectively collected nonmalignant portal vein thrombi from patients with cirrhosis who underwent liver transplantation were included. Histology, immunohistochemistry, and scanning electron microscopy were used to assess structure and composition of the thrombi. Most recent CT scans were reanalyzed for thrombus characteristics. Clinical characteristics were related to histological and radiological findings. All samples showed a thickened, fibrotic tunica intima. Fibrin‐rich thrombi were present on top of the fibrotic intima in 9/16 prospective cases and in 21/63 retrospective cases. A minority of the fibrotic areas stained focally positive for fibrin/fibrinogen (16% of cases), von Willebrand factor (VWF; 10%), and CD61 (platelets, 21%), while most of the fibrin‐rich areas stained positive for those markers (fibrin/fibrinogen, 100%; VWF, 77%; CD61, 100%). No associations were found between clinical characteristics including estimated thrombus age and use of anticoagulants and presence of fibrin‐rich thrombi.

Conclusion

We demonstrate that PVT in patients with cirrhosis consists of intimal fibrosis with an additional fibrin‐rich thrombus in only one‐third of cases. We hypothesize that our observations may explain why not all portal vein thrombi in patients with cirrhosis recanalize by anticoagulant therapy.
Domination in digraphs and their direct and Cartesian products
Authors: Brešar Boštjan , Kuenzel Kirsti , Rall Douglas F.
Published: September 2021

A dominating (respectively, total dominating) set of a digraph is a set of vertices in such that the union of the closed (respectively, open) out‐neighborhoods of vertices in equals the vertex set of . The minimum size of a dominating (respectively, total dominating) set of is the domination (respectively, total domination) number of , denoted (respectively, ). The maximum number of pairwise disjoint closed (respectively, open) in‐neighborhoods of is denoted by (respectively, ). We prove that in digraphs whose underlying graphs have girth at least 7, the closed (respectively, open) in‐neighborhoods enjoy the Helly property, and use these two results to prove that in any ditree (i.e., a digraph whose underlying graph is a tree), and . By using the former equality we then prove that , where is any digraph and is any ditree, each without a source vertex, and is their direct product. From the equality we derive the bound , where is an arbitrary digraph, an arbitrary ditree and is their Cartesian product. In general digraphs this Vizing‐type bound fails, yet we prove that for any digraphs and , where , we have . This inequality is sharp as demonstrated by an infinite family of examples. Ditrees and digraphs enjoying are also investigated.