bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nano‐alloy Catalysts for Methanol Synthesis from CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Yanmin , Lian Fangci , Sun Shuzhuang , Qiu Hengshan
Published: November 2024

Nano‐alloy catalysts (NACs), which differ appreciably from monometallic catalysts, take on superior intrinsic features in surface microstructure, surface electronic properties, homogeneity in nanoscale, etc., endowing them with attractive prospects in heterogeneous catalysis. In particular, methanol synthesis from CO2 exhibits high potentials in terms of alternative energy sources to fossil fuels and NACs have shown promising performance in promoting the reaction. However, there still lacks of the bottom‐up catalysts design as well as the unanimous insight regarding the mechanistic understanding. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the physico‐chemical properties and the fabrication approach to NACs with high catalytic performance in the CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Additionally, the progresses of NACs were comprehensively summarized in terms of mechanisms. Finally, some thinking about the further relevant studies on NACs is outlooked with the aim to provide new insights for achieving the precise design and controllable properties of NACs.
Innovative Leadership and Sustainable Development: Exploring Resource‐Efficient Strategies Among Indian Managers
Authors: Sathiyaseelan Anuradha , Balasundaram Sathiyaseelan , Zirkler Michael , Patangia Bishal
Published: November 2024

Global sustainability challenges demand innovative leadership approaches, particularly in resource‐constrained environments where traditional models may fall short. The current study aimed to explore the need for adaptive, resource‐efficient leadership by examining key traits such as empathy, inclusivity, adaptability, and intuitive decision‐making that allows managers to balance immediate organizational demands with long‐term sustainability goals. A Qualitative‐Interpretative Phenomenological Approach was adopted. A total of 28 senior Indian managers were interviewed to understand traits aligned with stakeholder theory and the resource‐based view, positioning them as strategic assets for achieving sustainable competitive advantage. Findings revealed that culturally resonant practices of frugality and resilience support social innovation and organizational resilience, contributing to broader sustainable development objectives. Further, it advances sustainable leadership literature by showcasing how resource efficiency and contextual adaptability can foster impactful, sustainable practices, particularly within emerging economies.
Lithium Ion Batteries: Characteristics, Recycling and Deep‐Sea Mining
Authors: Devanahalli Bokkassam Samrudh , Nambi Krishnan Jegatha
Published: November 2024

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have brought about a revolution in the electronics industry and are now almost a part of our everyday activities. They are on the verge of finding application in almost every electronic rechargeable device and have a bright future ahead. With the recent discovery of substantial reserves of lithium in India, along with the favourable government policies for the usage of electric vehicles (EVs), LIBs are expected to play a major role in meeting sustainable energy goals. Though LIBs have become a commercial success, they face many challenges, such as high cost of production, thermal runaway and overcharging, that might hamper their extensive use. Many research studies have been conducted regarding the operation of LIB, with safety being a concern. With rapid technology development, going nanoscale for LIB production has become achievable and valuable as it has been reported to increase the shelf life of the battery. In this review, recycling of spent LIBs is discussed, as the extraction of the leftover lithium and other minerals is possible through recycling process. The advantages and drawbacks of deep‐sea lithium mining have been discussed, as it is explored as an alternative to major lithium sources due to the rapid depletion of land mining sources. Its impact on the environment and the mineral market has been assessed. This review paper attempts to give an overview of all the vital characteristics of an LIB, such as life cycle, fast charging and overcharging, while covering strategies for overcoming challenges faced in the functioning of LIBs.
Mapping the Theory of Consumption Values: A Systematic Review Using the TCCM Approach
Authors: Sharma Chandni , Kushwah Shiksha
Published: November 2024

The theory of consumption values (TCV) explains consumer behavior by examining the underlying values that drive consumption choices. TCV is prominent across various disciplines, including marketing, information systems, psychology, business, and management. This study systematically reviews articles that have applied TCV, making several key contributions: (1) it presents a synthesis of existing literature on TCV by including studies from 1991 to 2024, providing a comprehensive and updated perspective on the field's evolution; (2) it employs the Theory–Contexts–Characteristics–Methods (TCCM) framework to explore major theories, contexts (industrial and geographical), characteristics (antecedents, mediators, moderators, and outcomes), and methods (research methodologies and data analysis techniques); (3) it also incorporates bibliometric techniques, such as cluster analysis and bibliographic coupling, to visualize the cumulative advancements in TCV research and reveal the intellectual structure, key themes, and influential works; and (4) it systematically categorizes and summarizes consumption values and their measures according to product and service contexts examined over the past three decades. Hence, the findings of the study offer several implications for marketers and academics, suggesting avenues for future research and new applications of TCV.
The Effects of Lamium garganicum L. Subsp. lasioclades (Stapf.) R. Mill Plant Against Fibroblast (U2OS Cell), Acetylcholinesterase, Glutathione S‐Transferase: An In Vitro, In Silico Biological Activity Screening Study
Authors: Bozkurt İlkan , Sabancilar İlhan , Kiliç Ömer , Bayrakdar Alpaslan , Paçal Nurettin , Aras Abdülmelik
Published: November 2024

In this study, some biological activities of extracts of Lamium garganicum subsp. lasioclades (Lgl) have been evaluated as well as identified the phenolic composition. Concentration ranges of 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL were applied to determine the extract's anticancer properties. Significant results were obtained against the osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS cell) compared to normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). To determine the antioxidant activities, ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and CUPRAC methods were studied in vitro. Enzyme inhibition effects of methanol extract against the glutathione S‐transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes were investigated. IC50 values were calculated as 12.96 µL/mL for AChE and 13.02 µg/mL for GST, respectively. The phenolic contents of the plant extract were analyzed by HPLC. The interaction mechanisms of protein–ligand complexes formed by AChE and GST receptors with gallic acid and rutin were investigated by molecular docking studies. The stability of the complexes formed between receptors and ligands was confirmed by root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), number of average hydrogen bonding interactions (Hb), and radius of gyration (Rg) analyses obtained from 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations.
The Medicinal Potential of Rosa centifolia L.: Integrating Botany, Geographical Distribution, Pharmacology, Ethnobotanical Uses, Phytochemistry, and Toxicology
Authors: Meziouy Omayma El , Youssoufi Moulay Hfid , Lafdil Fatima Zahra , Legssyer Abdelkhaleq , Bnouham Mohamed , Ziyyat Abderrahim , Mekhfi Hassane
Published: November 2024

Rosa centifolia L. is widely used to treat various health issues such as digestive, respiratory, and cardiovascular ailments. This study aims to assess the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological research on R. centifolia, combining traditional knowledge with modern computational techniques. A literature survey from 2000 to 2024 using Science Direct, Web of Science, and Scopus identified relevant studies. Traditionally used in countries such as Morocco, China, India, and across Europe and Asia, R. centifolia L. contains compounds like alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, lignans, and steroids. Its extracts demonstrate various pharmacological activities, including anti‐inflammatory, antihuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV), antitussive, vasorelaxant, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, antidepressant, antiulcer, immunostimulatory, cardioprotective, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of R. centifolia’s therapeutic potential, chemical composition, and safety profile, highlighting its significant potential for treating various diseases and warranting further research.
New 5, 6, 7, 8‐Tetrahydro‐Isoquinolines Bearing 2‐Nitrophenyl Group Targeting RET Enzyme: Synthesis, Anticancer Activity, Apoptotic Induction and Cell Cycle Arrest
Authors: Saddik Abdelreheem A. , Bakhite Etify A. , Hassanien Reda , Farhan Naseer , Sayed Eman M. , Sharaky Marwa
Published: November 2024

In this work, we synthesized new 5, 6, 7, 8‐tetrahydroisoquinolines and 6, 7, 8, 9‐tetrahydrothieno[2, 3‐c]isoquinolines derivatives, and the structures of these new compounds were confirmed with different spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, the anticancer activities of these compounds were assessed against eight tumor cell lines and one normal human skin fibroblast cell line (HSF). Subsequently, IC50 values of the synthesized compounds were determined for two specific cancer cell lines. Compound 3 exhibited the most potent antiproliferative activity against the HEPG2 cell line, whereas compound 9c demonstrated superior efficacy against the HCT116 cell line. Moreover, the mechanism of action for compound 3 on HEPG2 cells using flow cytometry and Annexin V‐FITC apoptosis analysis was studied. Compound 3 caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M with a 50‐fold increase in apoptosis of the HEPG2 cell line. Finally, a molecular docking study was conducted to assess the inhibitory potential of compounds 3 and 7 against the RET enzyme. Results indicated that compounds 3 and 7 bind to the RET enzyme with binding energies of −5.2 and −5.6 kcal/mol, respectively. Although these values suggest inhibitory activity, they are less potent than the standard inhibitor, alectinib, which exhibits a binding energy of −7.2 kcal/mol.
How ACEs and trauma risk development
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2024

There are eight TRACEs (traumatic and adverse childhood experiences) which can lead to mental health and cognitive problems during adolescents, according to researchers. Using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) data from the National Institutes of Health, the researchers drew on reports from youth and their caregivers to look at longitudinal change and how it is moderated by the TRACEs.
Giant Cysticercosis of the Right Kidney: A Case Report
Authors: Zhang Yumeng , Tan Huaqing , Gao Xukun , Wang Yuxuan , Cao Yuntai
Published: November 2024

Cysticercosis, although reported in several parts of the body, especially the liver, lesions occurring in the kidney are particularly rare. We report a 58‐year‐old female patient with intermittent epigastric pain, who was found to have a huge occupancy of the right kidney on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which was confirmed to have a predominantly cystic component, with no clear enhancement on CT images after injection of contrast medium, and significant enhancement of the peritoneum and septum visible on MRI. This case reports a case and its rarity of cysticercosis occurring in the kidney.
Sympathetic Ophthalmia Following an Evisceration Surgery—A Case Report
Authors: Javed Rahmah , Al‐Khairy Saba , Khan Hamna , Raheel Hamna , Moeed Abdul , Surani Salim
Published: November 2024

Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is a rare, bilateral, granulomatous, panuveitis following perforating trauma or surgical intervention in one eye. Here, and to the best of knowledge, we report the first case of SO following an evisceration surgery in Pakistan. A 32‐year‐old, Pakistani, female presented with pain and decreased visual acuity in her right eye, at Civil Hospital, Karachi, 1 week after an evisceration surgery was performed on her left eye, following corneal perforation due to unresolved keratitis. Diagnosis of SO was made on the basis of clinical presentation and confirmed by slit lamp examination which revealed mutton fat keratic precipitates, posterior synechiae, and optic disc swelling. She was administered high‐dose corticosteroids to which she did not respond. She was then prescribed methotrexate which resolved the inflammation and improved visual acuity. Initiating prompt treatment for the sympathizing eye led to effective management of the patient and prevented complete blindness.
In‐Situ AFM Study of Zinc Electrodeposition in a Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Wang Ting , Xu Xintao , Li Kaixuan , Fan Yuteng , Yan Hao , Zhu Feng , Zhou Jianzhang , Yan Jiawei , Mao Bingwei
Published: November 2024

Zinc‐based batteries are promising for applications in large‐scale energy storage and other scenarios due to their high voltage, large theoretical capacity, and abundant reserves. Compared to traditional aqueous electrolytes, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) offer advantages such as wide electrochemical window, good stability, and fewer parasitic reactions. They can effectively regulate the growth morphology of zinc deposits and suppress dendrite formation during zinc deposition/stripping processes. However, there is currently a lack of direct observation for underlying mechanisms of zinc deposition/stripping processes in DESs. In this study, combined with electrochemical methods, in‐situ atomic force microscopy (in‐situ AFM) has been utilized to investigate the deposition behavior of zinc metal from ZnCl2 precursor in a deep eutectic solvent composed of choline chloride and ethylene glycol (ethaline). Cyclic voltammetric measurements indicate that zinc deposition is a kinetically controlled process. And in‐situ AFM reveals the hexagonal morphology and layered deposition of zinc on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Our observations benefit the understanding of the kinetics of zinc deposition/stripping in deep eutectic solvent ethaline at a microscopic level.
Hierarchically structured, Janus optical nanoengineered wastepaper for switchable radiative cooling/heating
Authors: Song Zifan , Zhang Zipeng , Zhang Xueting , Liu Jingyang , Wang Wanjie , Wang Jianfeng , Jin Xiuxiu
Published: November 2024

Switchable radiative cooling/heating holds great promise for mitigating the global energy and environmental crisis. Here, we reported a cost‐effective, high‐strength Janus film through surface optical engineering waste paper with one side decorated by a hydrophobic polymeric cooling coating consisting of micro/nanopore/particle hierarchical structure and the other side coated with hydrophilic MXene nanosheets for heating. The cooling surface demonstrates high solar reflectivity (96.3%) and infrared emissivity (95.5%), resulting in daytime/nighttime sub‐ambient radiative cooling of 6°C/8°C with the theoretical cooling power of 100.6 and 138.5 W m−2, respectively. The heating surface exhibits high solar absorptivity (83.7%) and low infrared emissivity (15.2%), resulting in excellent radiative heating capacity for vehicle charging pile (~6.2°C) and solar heating performance. Impressively, the mechanical strength of Janus film increased greatly by 563% compared with that of pristine waste paper, which is helpful for its practical applications in various scenarios for switchable radiative thermal management through mechanical flipping. Energy‐saving simulation results reveal that significant total energy savings of up to 32.4 MJ m−2 can be achieved annually (corresponding to the 12.4% saving ratio), showing the immense importance of reducing carbon footprint and promoting carbon neutrality.
Bimetallic MIL‐88/Polyaniline Hybrid Hollow Structure: In‐situ Synthesis and Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction at High Current Densities
Authors: Liu Ying , Lin Hongyan , Wang Congcong , Zhang Kai , Yang Bai
Published: November 2024

Developing oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts in an efficient strategy, while maintaining high catalytic activity and stability under high current densities, remains a crucial problem. In this study, a bimetallic iron‐cobalt phytic acid complex loaded with polyaniline hollow structure (FCP@PAn) was successfully constructed, via a progress of selective etching and surface modification in one step without high‐temperature phosphating or carbonization. The as‐obtained FCP@PAn required only 329 and 385 mV overpotentials at high current densities of 500 and 1000 mA cm−2, respectively, due to phytic acid and polyaniline incorporation and the coordinated effect of each component. Additionally, the FCP@PAn exhibited the lowest Tafel slope values of 44.6 mV dec−1 and was able to continuously operate for 120 h at 500 mA cm−2, displaying high catalytic activity and stability. Hence, the hollow structure of the conductive polymer and MOFs composites provided a new surface modification strategy for transition metal‐based catalysts that are prone to dissolution or corrosion during the OER process, as well as for high current density applications.
Insights into the Solution Processing of Non‐van der Waals Boron Carbide
Authors: Sahoo Priyabrata , Lobo Kenneth , Gangaiah Vijaya Kumar , Sumbe Priyanka , More Mahendra A. , Late Dattatray J. , Vankayala Kiran , Matte H. S. S. Ramakrishna
Published: November 2024

Exfoliation of non‐layered materials is crucial to unleash their enormous potential in wide range of applications. However, the presence of strong non‐van der Waals interactions in all three dimensions makes exfoliation challenging. Boron carbide (B4C), known for its high hardness, holds great potential for diverse applications. In this work, B4C is exfoliated in 29 solvents to determine its Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) and understand the dispersion stability. The experimentally determined HSP values are 19.6, 15.3 and 15.1 MPa1/2 for dispersive interactions (δD), polar interactions (δP) and hydrogen bonding interactions (δH), respectively. Subsequently, in situ dispersion stability is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively from the space‐time resolved extinction profiles employing an analytical centrifuge. The sedimentation kinetics of B4C dispersions are analyzed using instability index, integral extinction and sedimentation velocity. B4C dispersions in solvents like ϵ‐caprolactone, isopropyl alcohol, propylene carbonate and formamide exhibited excellent stability. Additionally, B4C nanosheets are utilized to investigate their field emission properties. These nanosheets exhibit a turn‐on electric field of 3.35 V/μm at an emission current density of 1 μA cm−2, and it delivered a large emission current density of ~375 μA cm−2 at an applied electric field of 5.7 V/μm.
Engineering Metal‐MOF Interfaces for Selective CO₂ Hydrogenation to Methanol
Authors: Ramos‐Fernández Enrique , Velisoju Vijay K. , Gascon Jorge , Castaño Pedro
Published: November 2024

The hydrogenation of CO₂ to methanol is a promising pathway toward sustainable fuel production and carbon recycling. A key factor in the efficiency of this process lies in the interaction between the metal catalyst and its support. Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as highly effective platforms due to their tunable structures, large surface areas, and ability to form stable interfaces with single–atom metals or metal nanoparticles. These metal‐MOF interfaces are crucial for stabilizing active sites, preventing sintering, and enhancing catalytic performance. In this concept paper, we explore the role of these interfaces in promoting CO₂ hydrogenation, focusing on Cu−Zn, Cu−Zr, and Zn−Zr interfaces. The formation of strong interactions between metal sites and MOF nodes enables precise control over the dispersion and electronic environment of the active species, significantly improving methanol selectivity and long‐term stability. By analyzing recent advancements in MOF‐supported catalysts, this work highlights the concept of engineered metal‐MOF interfaces to drive the development of next‐generation catalysts for efficient methanol synthesis from CO₂.
Impact of Acid‐Reducing Agents on Sotorasib Pharmacokinetics and Potential Mitigation of the Impact by Coadministration With an Acidic Beverage
Authors: Cardona Panli , Strydom Natasha , Houk Brett
Published: November 2024

Sotorasib exhibits pH‐dependent solubility, making it susceptible to altered exposures when coadministered with acid‐reducing agents (ARAs). Several clinical studies were conducted to investigate the impact of ARAs on sotorasib pharmacokinetics under different clinically relevant scenarios and to identify potential mitigation strategies. Upon coadministration of 960 mg of sotorasib and 40 mg of omeprazole under fasted conditions, sotorasib area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) and maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) decreased approximately 42% and 57%, respectively. Following coadministration with 40 mg of famotidine under fed conditions, sotorasib AUC and Cmax decreased approximately 38% and 35%, respectively. The coadministration of sotorasib and 40 mg of omeprazole under fed conditions led to a 57% and 65% decrease in sotorasib AUC and Cmax, respectively. When sotorasib was coadministered with omeprazole and an acidic beverage compared to sotorasib alone, AUC and Cmax decreased approximately 23% and 32%, respectively, leading to a 19.0 percentage‐point increase in AUC and a 24.6 percentage‐point increase in Cmax for sotorasib when compared to coadministration of sotorasib with omeprazole under fasted conditions. Sotorasib exposure decreased when coadministered with proton pump inhibitors and H2 receptor antagonists. Coadministration with an acidic beverage increased sotorasib exposure upon concomitant administration with omeprazole, which may represent a clinically attractive method to allow ARA use with sotorasib.
In Silico Screening of CO2‐Dipeptide Interactions for Bioinspired Carbon Capture
Authors: Sylvanus Amarachi G. , Jones Grier M. , Custelcean Radu , Vogiatzis Konstantinos D.
Published: November 2024

Carbon capture, sequestration and utilization offers a viable solution for reducing the total amount of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. On an industrial scale, amine‐based solvents are extensively employed for CO2 capture through chemisorption. Nevertheless, this method is marked by the high cost associated with solvent regeneration, high vapor pressure, and the corrosive and toxic attributes of by‐products, such as nitrosamines. An alternative approach is the biomimicry of sustainable materials that have strong affinity and selectivity for CO2. Bioinspired approaches, such as those based on naturally occurring amino acids, have been proposed for direct air capture methodologies. In this study, we present a database consisting of 960 dipeptide molecular structures, composed of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids. Those structures were analyzed with a novel computational workflow presented in this work that considers certain interaction sites that determine CO2 affinity. Density functional theory (DFT) and symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) computations were performed for the calculation of CO2 interaction energies, which allowed to limit our search space to 400 unique dipeptide structures. Using this computational workflow, we provide statistical insights into dipeptides and their affinity for CO2 binding, as well as design principles that can further enhance CO2 capture through cooperative binding.
The Future of Phosphoric Acid Production –Why We Have to Leave Trodden Paths
Authors: Bertau Martin , Wellmer Friedrich‐W. , Scholz Roland W. , Mew Michael , Zenk Lukas , Aubel Ines , Fröhlich Peter , Raddant Matthias , Steiner Gerald
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the need for innovation in phosphorus fertilizer production. An important area requiring action is the use of sulfuric acid in the wet chemical process (WCP), which is the dominant process in phosphate fertilizer production. About 50 % of the sulfuric acid produced worldwide is used for fertilizers, and ~95 % of the world's fertilizers are based on sulfuric acid. The latter is almost exclusively a by‐product of gas and oil production, so the production of conventional P fertilizer is largely dependent on the availability of oil and gas. In addition to rendering P fertilizer production independent of fossil raw materials, energy consumption, CO2 emissions, phosphogypsum production and water consumption should also be considered. With the example of the PARFORCE process and the Improved Hard Process (IHP), new non‐sulfuric acid‐based alternatives are discussed with respect to overcoming the drawbacks of the classical WCP by being completely independent of fossil sources, working with renewable energies as the sole energy source, and the option of using seawater instead of fresh water. These new processes adhere to the principles of climate neutrality, zero waste production, low CO2 footprint, water conservation, renewable energy use, and energy and resource efficiency. This demonstrates what sustainable innovation can look like from a production perspective. The discussion will focus on whether current incentives are sufficient to realize the sustainability innovations discussed.
High‐Voltage NMC for LIBs via Ternary MOF‐Lithium Carbonate System
Authors: Gülcan Mehmet Feryat , Yuca Neslihan
Published: November 2024

The systems for energy storage are essential for modern technologies and daily life. Numerous investigations have been conducted, particularly on lithium‐ion batteries. The development of the cathode active material is one of the areas of emphasis. On the NCM111 composition, which is widely utilized in lithium‐ion batteries, there are development studies on doping, morphological modifications, and coating. In the presented work, a sol‐gel process was utilized to manufacture ternary metal organic framework (MOF). MOFs, as a precursor, has many benefits for obtaining homogenous particles and lower thermal decomposition during process. However, lithium acetate or lithium hydroxide had been used for lithium source during sol‐gel which are soluble in water. In contrast to the literature (e. g., using an economical supply of lithium other than lithium hydroxide and acetate), lithium carbonate was used as lithium source in this study. Owing in part to the higher stability of lithium carbonate at lower temperatures, short‐range ordered surface layer was achieved during the high voltage cycling process. Nevertheless, the sample that produced with lithium carbonate (S6) exhibited stable cycling performance under high voltage conditions compared to the sample (R) produced with lithium acetate.
Seasonal Herbage–Livestock Balance and Grassland Pressure Index Analysis in the Yellow River Source Park, Tibet Plateau, China
Authors: Wang Yalin , Geng Yuanyue , Wang Xungang , Xu Tianwei , Zhang Qian , Liu Hongjin , Zhao Na , Xu Shixiao
Published: November 2024

Grassland carrying capacity is an indicator for measuring the stability of grassland ecosystems and can provide a basis for formulating regional sustainable grazing strategies. However, most previous studies on this have only considered annual fluctuations, but seasonal changes were ignored. In this study, the herbage yield and nutrient value of two grassland types in Yellow River Source Park (YRSP) were measured by sampling point survey method in four seasons, and the seasonal and annual grassland carrying capacity, carrying numbers of standard sheep unit (SU) were estimated based on the dry matter (DM) content, crude protein, and metabolic energy of herbage. Due to the carrying capacity being low during the yellow and wintering periods, we combined them and calculated the carrying capacity for only three periods, including the flourishing period, greening period, and withering period. The grassland pressure index (GPI) was measured by the ratio of the actual standard sheep number and the calculated number. The results showed that the herbage yield and nutrient output were higher in spring and summer, lower in autumn and winter, and showed a tendency for alpine meadows to be higher than alpine grasslands during the flourishing period (p < 0.05). The unit area carrying capacity varied significantly with the season and showed the seasonal changing characteristics of the flourishing period > greening period > withering period. The seasonal carrying number was much higher than the actual carrying number during the flourishing period and much lower than the actual carrying number during the withering period. In terms of annual carrying capacity, the GPI was balanced when considering livestock alone, while critical overloaded when considering livestock and wildlife. This study suggested the influence of seasonal change on the grassland carrying capacity should be fully considered in the grassland utilization. Meanwhile, the feeding needs of livestock and wildlife should be taken into account, and timely supplemented when forage is in short supply.
Optimising Control Device Luring Strategies for Invasive Predator Control: A Modelling Approach
Authors: Vattiato Giorgia , Garvey Patrick M. , Binny Rachelle N. , Plank Michael J. , Gormley Andrew M. , Hickling Graham J.
Published: November 2024

Invasive predators pose a serious threat to native biodiversity, with trapping being one of several methods developed to manage and monitor their populations. Many individuals in these predator populations have been found to display trap‐shyness, which hinders eradication and results in inaccurate estimates of population size. Lures are used to help overcome trap‐shyness by increasing the probability of interaction with the device, but the extent of trap‐shyness in wild populations, and the best timing for the introduction of a new lure or combination of lures, are uncertain. A key challenge for wildlife managers is maximising the efficacy of invasive predator control, particularly in relation to baiting and trapping, so that pests are extirpated, or survivors are reduced to a minimum. We first use a Bayesian estimation method to quantify trap‐shyness in a population of brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) in a New Zealand forest; the resulting estimated parameters are then used to calibrate a stochastic, individual‐based model simulating the outcomes of different luring scenarios. We show that the brushtail possum population analysed was likely split into a smaller, very trappable group and a larger trap‐shy group, with a low mean nightly probability of interaction with traps of 0.28 [0.14–0.56]. Furthermore, our results show that under the assumption of independent attraction levels towards different lures, using a combination of lures simultaneously can result in a greater and faster population knock‐down than using a single lure, or than to switch from one lure to another. The model presented can be used to infer wildlife population trappability from capture data, and our simulation results highlight the potential of improved luring strategies to capture individuals in post‐control residual populations.
Both Environmental Conditions and Intra‐ and Interspecific Interactions Influence the Movements of a Marine Predator
Authors: Mourier Johann , Soria Marc , Silk Matthew , Demichelis Angélique , Dagorn Laurent , Hattab Tarek
Published: November 2024

Animal movements are typically influenced by multiple environmental factors simultaneously, and individuals vary in their response to this environmental heterogeneity. Therefore, understanding how environmental aspects, including biotic, abiotic, and anthropogenic factors, influence the movements of wild animals is an important focus of wildlife research and conservation. We apply Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs) to analyze movement networks of a bull shark population in a network of acoustic receivers and identify the effects of environmental, social, or other types of covariates on their movements. We found that intra‐ and interspecific factors often had stronger effects on movements than environmental variables. ERGMs proved to be a potentially useful tool for studying animal movement network data, especially in the context of spatial attribute heterogeneity.
Stereo‐ and Chemoselective Enrichment of sp3 Character in Post‐Ugi Morpholines
Authors: Hasan Muhammad , Nuroldayeva Gulzat A. , Begenov Azamat , Peshkov Anatoly A. , Martynova Sofia D. , Amire Niyaz , Bekbolatova Ainara , Makhmet Azat M. , Yu Jiafeng , Zaman Manzoor , Gong Jing , Lim Chang‐Keun , Belyaev Andrey , Pereshivko Olga P. , Wang Shunyi , Peshkov Vsevolod A.
Published: November 2024

We conducted a systematic study on synthesis and modification of morpholine core using Ugi adducts derived from propiolic acid and glycolaldehyde dimer. The assembly step involved triphenylphosphine‐promoted 6‐exo‐dig umpolung oxa‐Michael cyclization of Ugi‐derived hydroxypropargylamides yielding 2‐methylenemorpholin‐3‐one derivatives. Subsequent heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of the exocyclic double bond proceeded in a highly diastereoselective fashion establishing a relative cis configuration in the resulting sp3‐enriched morpholinone scaffold. Finally, chemoselective amide reduction with lithium aluminum hydride (LAH) allowed to obtain fully saturated morpholines while leaving the more sterically hindered exocyclic amide moiety intact. Taken together these findings outline the strategy for controlled reduction of the inherent rigidity of post‐Ugi scaffolds.
Enhancing Doxorubicin Detection: Multiphase Electroextraction for Efficient and Affordable UHPLC–DAD Analysis in Saliva
Authors: Sousa Denise V. M. , Pereira Fabiano V. , Orlando Ricardo M.
Published: November 2024

Attesting optimal drug concentrations in biological fluids is crucial to ensure precise dosage adjustment, to guarantee therapy adherence, and to manage side effects in chemotherapy. Accurate drug determination relies on liquid chromatography and advanced detectors, with sample preparation playing a pivotal role, especially in complex matrices such as biological fluids. This study introduces a multiphase electroextraction (MPEE) of doxorubicin (DOX) in saliva by utilizing a paper point, followed by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection. The extraction time and electric potential were carried out by using the Doehlert optimization approach, whereas the desorption solvent was fine‐tuned through the centroid–simplex experimental design. After optimization, DOX and the internal standard were extracted in 35 min, utilizing an applied voltage of 300 V and a multiwell plate capable of simultaneous extraction of 66 samples. The recovery was 87%–101%, with a linear range between 50 and 500 µg L−1 (R2 > 0.999). The intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficients of variation for precision were <10%, and the limit of detection and limit of quantification were 25 and 50 µg L−¹, respectively. When applied to five different fortified saliva samples, there were no statistically significant differences in the detected concentrations. Although the enrichment factor (0.6) was not as high as expected, the other results confirm that the method obtained is suitable for monitoring DOX in this complex matrix and can contribute to further developments in sample preparation using MPEE approaches.
Determination of the Effective Charge Numbers and Ionic Mobilities of Single Isomer and Randomly Highly Sulfated Cyclodextrins by Capillary Isotachophoresis and Zone Electrophoresis
Authors: Šolínová Veronika , Koval Dušan , Kašička Václav
Published: November 2024

Sulfated cyclodextrins (CDs) are multiply negatively charged molecules widely used as chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis (CE). In some of their applications, the effective charge numbers of their molecules were observed to be lower than the numbers of the attached sulfated groups due to strong binding of counterions. However, degree of reduction of the theoretical charge was not quantified. For that reason, in this study, capillary isotachophoresis (CITP) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) were applied for the determination of the effective charge numbers and actual ionic mobilities of two kinds of sulfated CDs: single isomer sulfated α‐, β‐, and γ‐CDs (SI‐CDs) and randomly highly sulfated α‐, β‐, and γ‐CDs (HS‐CDs). The effective charge numbers of the SI‐CDs and HS‐CDs were determined from the length of their ITP zones, the ionic mobilities determined by CZE, and molar concentrations of their solutions applied for CITP analysis, and from the same parameters of reference compounds, formic acid for SI‐CDs and dichloroacetic acid for HS‐CDs. The determined effective charge numbers of the SI‐CDs were equal to or only slightly lower than the numbers of sulfate groups in their molecules but the effective charge numbers of randomly HS‐CDs were significantly (22.2%–27.8%) reduced as compared to the average numbers of sulfate groups in their molecules. In accordance with a lower number of sulfate groups in SI‐CDs than in HS‐CDs, the absolute values of the actual ionic mobilities of SI‐CDs (35.5–37.5) × 10−9 m2 V−1 s−1 were lower than those of HS‐CDs (43.5–44.1) × 10−9 m2 V−1 s−1.
Developing a simple field triage scheme compatible with regional trauma situations and medical systems using machine learning: A nationwide trauma database study
Authors: Tanaka Chie , Tagami Takashi , Kitano Shinnosuke , Nakayama Fumihiko , Sakamoto Taigo , Kaneko Junya , Kuno Masamune
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

Trauma patients' characteristics and prehospital medical systems differ between countries. We aimed to establish a simple field triage scheme for identifying severe injury patients that reflect the regional features of trauma demographics and trauma management systems.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study using the Japan Trauma Data Bank (JTDB). The main outcome was all‐cause in‐hospital mortality. Blunt trauma patients ≥18 years of age were enrolled. Thirty‐five parameters (including demographic characteristics, mechanism of injury, vital signs, and abbreviated injury scale 98) were assessed for each patient using a machine learning method. After calculating the feature importance of each variable from the JTDB 2019–2021 dataset, we selected variables and made schemes by including different combinations of variables. The schemes were analyzed using a receiver operating characteristic curve and validated using the JTDB 2004–2018 dataset.

Results

We analyzed 48,194 subjects in JTDB 2019–2021. Eight variables were selected and schemes calculated and evaluated using 185,728 cases in the JTDB 2004–2018 dataset. The area under the curve of the most accurate and simplest scheme was 0.845. When the cut‐off value was set at 6, the mortality rate of the positive group (i.e., score ≥6) was 31.8%, the undertriage rate was 4.6%, and the overtriage rate was 68.2%.

Conclusions

We established an easy and reliable field triage scheme suited to the Japanese trauma system which comprised disturbance of consciousness, respiratory failure, shock, head injury, chest injury, multiple injury, fall from height, and age.
Performance of North Wall Modified Passive and Active Greenhouse Groundnuts Dryers
Authors: Shimpy  , Kumar Mahesh , Sahu Vishal , Mahesh  , Yadav Shravan , Saini Aman
Published: November 2024

An even‐span greenhouse groundnuts dryer having a reflective north wall has been developed and tested under passive and active modes. The effects of varying sample mass (580, 880, and 1180 g) on the thermal and enviro‐economic performance indicators of the dryer have been investigated. The Nusselt number expression, embodied energy (EE), and capital cost (Cc) were used for thermal, environmental, and economic assessment of the dryer. The drying behavior of the groundnuts samples has also been estimated using the moisture ratio in drying models. Thermal indicators were observed to increase with increased sample mass and were found higher under active mode. The values of EE and Cc of the dryer under passive and active modes were 145.24 and 158.42 kWh, and INR 1257.11 and INR 2157.11, respectively. Enviro‐economic indicators were also observed to improve with increased sample mass and were comparable for both the passive and active modes. The moisture ratio for all the samples shows an excellent fit with the Midilli–Kucuk model. An average Midilli–Kucuk model has been recommended to predict the drying behavior of groundnuts in the developed greenhouse dryer.
Depression and quality of life among ever pregnant versus never pregnant adolescent girls and young women in western Kenya
Authors: Luseno Winnie Kavulani , Iritani Bonita J. , Odongo Frederick Sifunjo
Published: November 2024

Synopsis

Kenyan adolescent girls and young women with a history of pregnancy experience poor psychological well‐being, highlighting the need for targeted interventions for this vulnerable demographic.
Two golf course putting green turfgrass responses to urea nitrogen and nickel
Authors: Menchyk N. , Liu H. , Luo H. , Li Z. , Martin S. B. , Bethea F. G. , Park D. M.
Published: November 2024

Urea is a popular foliar nitrogen (N) source in turfgrass (TG) management. Before urea can be assimilated, it must be hydrolyzed by urease, a nickel (Ni) dependent metalloenzyme, into ammonium and carbon dioxide. Due to the prevalence of urea use in TG management and the low use efficiency associated with N fertility, more research is necessary to improve efficiency of foliar applied N. Two experiments were conducted to examine N metabolism under foliar urea fertility and Ni application of two warm‐season TG species. TifEagle ultradwarf bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy] and Diamond zoysiagrass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.] were established in solution culture containing three Ni concentrations [Control (tap water), 200, and 400 µg Ni L−1]. Urease activity and amino acid pools were increased under Ni applications, however, an overall decrease in N concentration in leaf tissue was observed over the course of the study. In the second study, TifEagle and Diamond received four Ni concentrations (Control, 400, 800, and 1600 µM supplied as NiCl2) with irrigation to replace evapotranspiration (ET) every 48 h for 6 weeks. The Control turfgrass not receiving Ni had 3 mg kg−1 Ni concentrations in leaf tissue and no toxicity symptoms. Visual toxicity symptoms and growth reductions were observed in TG receiving 400, 800, and 1600 µM Ni regimes which resulted in leaf tissue Ni concentrations of 101, 227, and 420, respectively. There was a reduction in clipping yields from Diamond and TifEagle receiving 1600 µM Ni compared to Control (24.1% and 32.5%, respectively, p < 0.0001 for both), and a significant linear relationship (p = 0.004, R2 = 0.34 and (p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.47, respectively) between Ni concentration and clipping yield. Growth and quality of Diamond and TifEagle declined as leaf tissue Ni concentration surpassed 3 mg kg−1.
1550 Nm Optical Coherence Tomography for In Vivo Deep Brain Cerebral Blood Flow Imaging
Authors: Chen Wei , Guo Xiangsen , Zhou Junxiong , Zhang Yanjun , Bao Yuerong , Wang Yongchao , Yang Fen , Tang Jianbo
Published: November 2024

Employing longer wavelengths in optical microscopic imaging is recognized for its advantage in deep penetration. However, the 1550 nm spectrum band is often overlooked due to water's high absorption coefficient. This study investigates the feasibility of 1550 nm center wavelength‐based optical coherence tomography (OCT) for imaging the cerebral vasculature and blood flow in the mouse brain cortex. In comparison to a commercial 1310 nm OCT system, the 1550 nm OCT system exhibits greater attenuation in deeper regions while yielding similar results in blood flow imaging across the entire cortex layers. Given the widespread use of the 1550 nm wavelength band in the communication industry, the associated costs for light sources, linear cameras, and optic components are relatively lower than those of the 1310 and 1700 nm bands. Therefore, the 1550 nm band OCT could be a favorable choice for imaging deep brain cerebral hemodynamics.
Clinical Effect Analysis and Prognostic Factors of Photodynamic Therapy for Cervical Precancerous Lesions
Authors: Zhu Hong , Guo Xiangrui , Li Xu , Chang Mengran , Zhang Zhongyin , Dai Junjun
Published: November 2024

Objective

To evaluate the therapeutic effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on cervical precancerous lesions and prognostic factors.

Methods

173 patients diagnosed with cervical precancerous lesions and treated with PDT were included. Univariate analysis was performed on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, patient age, number of treatments and number of medications before and after treatment, to evaluate the efficacy, adverse reactions and patient satisfaction.

Results

112 patients (64.5%) showed HPV clearance afrer PDT. Age ≥ 40 years was positively correlated with poor prognosis and number of treatments ≥ 6 was negatively correlated with poor prognosis. The satisfaction rate reached 94.79%, with 6 patients experiencing tolerable pain and no treatment discontinuations due to adverse reactions.

Conclusion

PDT is effective and safe for treating cervical precancerous lesions, with patient age and treatment frequency impacting outcomes. High patient satisfaction and tolerable adverse reactions support the application of PDT in clinical practice.
Chemical Bond Overlap Descriptors From Multiconfiguration Wavefunctions
Authors: Santos‐Jr Carlos V. , Kraka Elfi , Moura Renaldo T.
Published: November 2024

The chemical bond is a fundamental concept in chemistry, and various models and descriptors have evolved since the advent of quantum mechanics. This study extends the overlap density and its topological descriptors (OP/TOP) to multiconfigurational wavefunctions. We discuss a comparative analysis of OP/TOP descriptors using CASSCF and DCD‐CAS(2) wavefunctions for a diverse range of molecular systems, including X–O bonds in X–OH (XH, Li, Na, H2B, H3C, H2N, HO, F) and Li–X′ (XF, Cl, and Br). Results show that OP/TOP aligns with bonding models like the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and local vibrational modes theory, revealing insights such as overlap densities shifting towards the more electronegative atom in polar bonds. The Li–F dissociation profile using OP/TOP descriptors demonstrated sensitivity to ionic/neutral inversion during Li–F dissociation, highlighting their potential for elucidating complex bond phenomena and offering new avenues for understanding multiconfigurational chemical bond dynamics.