bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship of follicle sizes and estrous manifestations with pregnancy in water buffaloes under two fixed-time artificial insemination protocols
Authors:   Reproduction and Physiology Section, Philippine Carabao Center, National Headquarters, City Postcode 3120, Philippines, Fajardo Zeshalyn , Atabay Eufrocina ,   Reproduction and Physiology Section, Philippine Carabao Center, National Headquarters, City Postcode 3120, Philippines, Atabay Edwin ,   Reproduction and Physiology Section, Philippine Carabao Center, National Headquarters, City Postcode 3120, Philippines,   Philippine Carabao Center, Central Luzon State University Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija 3120, Philippines, Cruz Carlito Dela ,   Reproduction and Physiology Section, Philippine Carabao Center, National Headquarters, City Postcode 3120, Philippines, Leoveras Ma. Elizabeth ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Central Luzon State University Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija 3120, Philippines, Tadeo Roseline ,   Reproduction and Physiology Section, Philippine Carabao Center, National Headquarters, City Postcode 3120, Philippines, Apolinario Jhon Paul ,   Reproduction and Physiology Section, Philippine Carabao Center, National Headquarters, City Postcode 3120, Philippines
Published: December 2024

The study determined the association of follicle sizes and estrous manifestations with pregnancy of the two Fixed Time Artificial Insemination (FTAI) protocols and evaluated the factors that can influence pregnancy outcome in water buffaloes. A total of 285 riverine buffaloes were subjected to either Controlled Internal Drug Release-Synch-human Chorionic Gonadotropin (CIDR-Synch-hCG) or Select AI Protocol. For CIDR-Synch-hCG protocol, buffaloes were administered with GnRH with insertion of CIDR on Day 0. Prostaglandin (PGF2α) was given on Day 7 with the removal of CIDR. The hCG was given on Day 9 and AI was performed on Day 10. For Select AI protocol, the procedure was similar to CIDR-Synch-hCG except that insemination was done either on Day 9 or Day 10 based on the size of the pre-ovulatory follicle. Follicle sizes were taken using ultrasound on Days 0, 7, 9 and 10 and estrous signs were taken on the Day of AI. Pregnancy diagnosis by ultrasound was done around Day 40 post-AI. Findings indicated that there is a significant correlation between follicle size on the day of AI, estrous signs, and FTAI protocol with pregnancy. Select AI protocol resulted in a significantly higher (P<0.05) pregnancy rate (55.26%) compared to the CIDR-Synch group (44.71%). Logistic regression analysis likewise revealed that Select AI protocol, pre-ovulatory follicle size on the day of AI, and estrous signs are significant factors on the success of FTAI program in water buffaloes. The present findings provide valuable information for optimizing reproductive success not only in water buffaloes but in other livestock as well.
Strategies of whey feeding and its effect on performance of Sonali Chicken
Authors:   Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna-9100, Bangladesh, Ferdous Mahfuza , Uddin Md Jasim ,   Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh, Momu Jannatul Mawa ,   Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh, Koly Jakia Sultana ,   Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Habiganj Agricultural University, Sylhet-3300, Bangladesh, Famous Mustasim ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna-9100, Bangladesh
Published: December 2024

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of whey supplemented in mixed feed diet on growth performance, carcass quality and meat characteristics as well as hematological parameters of growing Sonali chicken. Three hundred sixty, day-old Sonali chicks were procured from government poultry development and breeding farm, Sylhet. They were randomly divided into four dietary treatments (T0 - control group; T1 - whey with drinking water; T2 -whey fermented feed and T3 - commercial feed) with three replications in each group (n=30X3) and reared for 8 weeks. Feed intake was recorded on regular basis and growth performance (g) was observed fortnightly. The result showed that oral feeding of whey reduced feed intake but increased dressing percentage (63.4%) and weight gain (424.73±2.23) than that of other groups with significance (p<0.05), lead to better FCR in T1 (2.69±0.03) group followed by T0 (2.79±0.03), T2 (2.94±0.03), T3 (2.97±0.03) respectively. Similarly, CP, CF, TA, EE and NFE content (%) of different meat cuts were varied significantly (p=0.001) with highest DM% in T2 (28.70±0.75) thigh meat, reflect better total yield of CP% in meat than other groups while hematological parameters showed no variation containing good count of RBC (2.97±0.04) and WBC (2.22±0.04) within standard range in T1 group which implied good immunity and health condition in the chickens. In general, addition of whey in water showed better FCR to quality meat yield and it can be concluded that incorporation of whey through oral administration seems better than whey fermented feed to save time and raise revenue.
Prevalence, Molecular detection and Therapeutic efficacy against Aspergillosis in Indigenous chickens in Bangladesh
Authors:   Department of Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh, Akter Mst Aireen , Rahman Md Shajedur ,   Department of Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh, Rumi Nazmi Ara ,   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur5200, Bangladesh, Kingshuk Md Masuk Rahman ,   Department of Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh, Hossain Hemayet ,   Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh, Islam Md Nurnoby ,   Department of Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
Published: December 2024

In Bangladesh, a significant challenge of raising traditional chicken breeds during the early stages of chicks is brooder pneumonia, a fungal disease primarily caused by Aspergillus spp. The prevalence, risk factors, and appropriate therapeutic measures for indigenous chicken have not been thoroughly explored, and this study was aimed to investigate these in native chicken. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Joypurhat district of Bangladesh from November 2022 to October 2023, involving a sample size of 394 birds. The primary focus was post-mortem analysis, with suspected samples cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) medium, followed by PCR assay. The prevalence of Aspergillosis was found to be 12.18% (n = 48/394), with rates of 11.24% (n = 10/89) for Naked Neck and 12.46% (n = 38/305) for Native breeds. The higher prevalence among chicks aged 0–15 days (18.96%) was found. Aspergillus fumigatus was identified as the most prevalent fungal species. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified three significant risk factors: age (0–15 days, OR = 5.38), season (winter, OR = 3.55), and litter condition (Moist, OR = 14.88). In the experimental infection groups, Group B treated with Itraconazole showed a significantly lower overall recovery time and mortality percentage (P<0.05). The therapeutic measures indicated that Itraconazole, in combination with Toxin Binder (Two-Plus Vet), NSAID drug (Paracetamol), and litter disinfectant (Blue Vitriol), was the most effective against Aspergillosis in native chickens. The findings of this study hold promise for the development of native chicken breeds, offering insights that can be applied to achieve sustainable poultry production in Bangladesh.
Impact of pellet binder on feed quality, broiler performance, carcass yield, and organ development: A Meta-Analysis
Authors:   Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia, Ridla Muhammad ,   Center for Tropical Animal Studies, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia, Adawiyah Dwi Robiatul ,   Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia, Nahrowi Nahrowi ,   Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia,   Center for Tropical Animal Studies, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia, - Sukarman ,   National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
Published: December 2024

This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the inclusion of pellet binders on pellet quality and broiler performance, including growth metrics and organ development. A total of 130 data points acquired from 21 published articles were used as a database for determining the effectiveness of pellet binders on pellet quality, performance, and health of broilers. The Hedges’d value was employed as a measure of effect size (ES) in the present meta-analysis. The data were analyzed using a random effects model in OpenMEE software. The addition of pellet binders significantly increased the pellet durability index (PDI), pellet hardness, and moisture content (p<0.05). However, the meta-analysis results suggest that broiler performance, including feed intake, body weight, and FCR, as well as broiler carcass yield, including total carcass, breast, and thighs, were not impacted (p>0.05). In addition, pellet binders did not significantly affect (p>0.05) the relative organ weights, including the gizzard, heart, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. However, liver weight was significantly different (P<0.01). The meta-analysis showed that pellet binders improved feed quality metrics such as pellet durability, hardness, and moisture, but did not impact broiler performance metrics, including feed intake, body weight, FCR, carcass yield, or other organ weights. Overall, pellet binders did not enhance efficiency in broiler production.
The influence of phytobiotic feed additive on the gut microbiome of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology of Animal Raw Materials and Aquaculture, Faculty of Applied Biotechnology and Engineering, Orenburg State University, Orenburg 460018, Russian Federation, Ersainovich Arinzhanov Azamat , Petrovna Miroshnikova Elena ,   Department of Biotechnology of Animal Raw Materials and Aquaculture, Faculty of Applied Biotechnology and Engineering, Orenburg State University, Orenburg 460018, Russian Federation, Vladimirovna Yausheva Elena ,   Centre for Nanotechnologies in Agriculture, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution All-Russian Research Institute of Beef Cattle, Orenburg 460000, Russian Federation, Vladimirovna Kilyakova Yulia ,   Department of Biotechnology of Animal Raw Materials and Aquaculture, Faculty of Applied Biotechnology and Engineering, Orenburg State University, Orenburg 460018, Russian Federation
Published: December 2024

Under conditions of intensive fish cultivation, phytobiotic consumption will neutralize such phenomena as a decrease in the immune and antioxidant status of the body, an increase in productivity by improving consumption, digestibility, assimilation of feed, normalization of intestinal microflora, and homeostasis in general. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the influence of the phytobiotic "Probiocid-Phyto" on the growth performance and gut microbiome of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The inclusion of the phytobiotic "Probiocide-Phyto" in the diet of fish had a productive effect on the growth of fish, for eight weeks of the experiment there was recorded an increase in fish weight relative to the control up to 17.3 % (P≤0.05). An analysis of the composition of the intestinal microbiota showed that changes in the ratio of the main groups of microorganisms may be one of the factors contributing to the rapid growth of fish. The introduction of Probiocide-Phyto into the diet of fish contributed to an increase in the intestinal microbiota of bacteria of the taxa Pseudomonadota and Bacteroidota by 17.2% and 10.7%, respectively. The main changes in the intestinal microbiota of fish were associated with changes in the number of bacteria of genus Aurantimicrobium (- 23%), unclassified_Bacillota (- 10.1%), genus Polynucleobacter (- 17.3%), genus Aeromonas (+ 33.1%) and genus Pseudaeromonas (+ 5.97%). A decrease in the number of bacteria was noted in the classes unclassified_Bacillota, Betaproteobacteria and Actinomycetota.
Role of hepatitis C viral proteins influencing functional efficiency of tumors suppressing proteins
Authors: Peer Nuzhat Maqbool , Joshi Vinod , Gul Irfan , Angel Bennet , Khan Ambreen Shafaat , Kumari Khushbu , Chitransh Aarya
Published: December 2024

Hepatitis C virus is one of the leading cause of serious complications, cirrhosis and cancer of the liver. The RNA of the virus encodes for 10 proteins each playing an important role either as structural or non-structural component. Hepatitis C virus which is a member of the Flavivirus family, is considered to be the only RNA virus which is associated with progression to Cancer, and which still remains a question for many researchers. Studies are ongoing in looking into how the various viral protein interacts in subduing the normal function of the liver cells, but the transformation events also remain to be fully proved. In the present study, we have undertaken in-silico studies of important viral proteins and studied their interaction with the tumor suppressing protein. It was observed that the confidence score above 0.9 indicated higher binding affinity which was found to occur between viral NS5 protein and p53 protein. This suggest that the non-structural protein NS5 may interact with the p53 protein during the course of its synthesis and may thus inhibit the functionality of the tumor suppressing protein leading to progression of cancer after some time.
The Application of Machine Learning Techniques for Forecasting Corrosion in Concrete Structures
Authors: Dorothy Rajendran , Joany RM , Prabha S Santhana , Rathish R Joseph , Rajendran Susai Santhammal , Al-Hashem Abdulhameed , Krishnaveni A
Published: December 2024

Machine learning is a distinct field within artificial intelligence (AI) that utilizes algorithms trained on data sets to create models capable of self-learning. These models can independently predict results and categorize information without requiring human intervention. At present, machine learning is employed in numerous commercial industries, including recommending products to customers based on their past purchases, predicting fluctuations in the stock market, and aiding in the translation of text across various languages. It stands as the most prevalent form of artificial intelligence technology in use worldwide. You may have observed various common applications of machine learning in your daily life, such as: Recommendation systems that suggest products, music, or television shows, as utilized by platforms like Amazon, Spotify, or Netflix. Voice recognition technologies that facilitate the conversion of voice notes into written text. Fraud detection systems used by financial institutions that automatically recognize and alert on potentially fraudulent transactions. Autonomous vehicles and driver assistance systems, including features like blind-spot detection and automatic braking, significantly improve road safety. This article examines the use of machine learning techniques to forecast the corrosion patterns of steel reinforcement bars that are embedded within concrete structures.
Repair and maintenance in Australian households: what drives this critical consumption work in the circular economy?
Authors: Lane Ruth , Lindsay Jo , Arunachalam Dharmalingam , Raven Rob
Published: December 2024

Repair and maintenance of household goods facilitate longer product use lives. These activities can be considered forms of consumption work that may be critical for the realisation of the circular economy but lack visibility and the attribution of value (Hobson et al, 2021). We draw on findings of a survey of 2,717 households across Australia in which respondents were asked about their practices of maintaining and repairing three types of products: (1) clothing and accessories; (2) furniture and homewares; and (3) appliances and white goods. The analysis offers insights into socio-demographic patterning of households most and least likely to repair and maintain the different product types. Life stage, gender and income are particularly significant for household repair and maintenance practices. These patterns may be best explained in terms of economic capacity, necessity, and availability of time, skills and space. The dynamic between environmental, social and economic motivations for repair and maintenance may be fluid and there is evidence of a value–action gap. We argue that a strong foundation exists for household-scale consumer-driven practices that could be supported to complement parallel transitions in production systems towards product design for repairability and longevity, in line with circular economy principles. We reflect on the implications for changing social norms and practices as part of a societal scale transition towards more sustainable forms of material use, and position repair and maintenance within the social dimensions of a circular economy transition, particularly in relation to debates around green growth and degrowth.
Transnationalism or Nativism? The Construction and Disintegration of Cross-Straits Dual Families between Taiwan and Fujian during the Qing-Japan Regime Transition
Authors: Lin Yuju
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Previous studies have mostly focused on how immigrants settled in Taiwan, or on nationality selection and “ sekimin ” (subject registered in Taiwan) activities in China during the colonial period. They have seldom discussed the attempts by dual nationals to maintain the connection between Taiwan and their hometowns during the regime transition from the Qing to Japan. This article takes Xu Zangchun as an example. It uses travel documents and household registration to explain why he came to Taiwan; how he established a cross-straits dual family; and changes in the relationship with his hometown during Japanese rule. It highlights the choices and dilemmas of Taiwan’s first generation of dual nationals and argues for the importance of “nativism” as well as transnationalism in understanding this group of people.
Richard Herr
Authors: Fass Paula S. , Jay Martin
Published: December 2024

Abstract: This biographical memoir commemorates the life, work, and professional legacy of eminent historian Richard Herr (1922-2022), who was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1993.
Performance prediction of a two-port terahertz-based graphene–silicon-based tunable antenna with polarization and pattern diversity features using machine-learning algorithms
Authors: Tripathi Satyendra , Sundaram  , Chadhar Ram Milan , Ranjan Ravi , Tripathi Devendra Kumar
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes a hybrid twin-port radiator with polarization and pattern diversity features in the terahertz (THz) frequency domain. Three major contributions of the proposed antenna design are: (i) a rounded wave is obtained by stimulating the silicon ceramic via a fan blade formed slot; (ii) a mirror orientation of aperture and suspension of partially reflecting surface (PRS) helps to get better isolation with an S-component and far-field component, respectively; and (iii) the random forest and XGBoost technique predicts the |S11| of the designed aerial effectively. A coating of graphene over silicon dielectric makes the radiator tunable. The optimized outcome confirms that the planned aerial operates effectively in between 2.45 and 3.15 THz with less than 3-dB axial ratio from 2.61 to 2.89 THz. PRS tilts the beam gotten from port-1 and port-2 by ±30∘. The design is suitable for THz-based cellular machines because of all these qualities.
Focused polarization hologram with arbitrary polarization to a specified polarization conversion
Authors: Wang Jinyu , Chen Ruixian , Qi Peiliang , Ye Tian , Yuan Xinyi , Liu Yiping , Chen Zaijing , Cheng Hong , Li Zhengyu , Hao Jianying , Yang Yi , Lin Xiao , Tan Xiaodi
Published: December 2024

Polarization devices play a key role in many optical technologies and applications. However, traditional polarization devices are often large and lack integration, and achieving polarization conversion typically requires combining multiple devices, which makes it challenging to realize integrated optical systems. Following the current trend of optical devices, we propose a method using polarization holographic exposure to prepare polarization conversion devices. This approach allows for the fabrication of devices that can convert arbitrary polarization states into specified polarization states while also incorporating a focusing function. Specifically, two types of polarization conversion holograms are fabricated. One is a linear polarizer with a focusing function, and the other is a circular polarizer with a focusing function. Their polarization extinction ratio is around 35 dB, which has a certain competitiveness in similar devices. This method simplifies the preparation process of multifunctional polarizing devices while ensuring their performance. Our work has potential applications in the fields such as polarization emission, imaging, and sensing. Additionally, this approach broadens the design concept of polarization conversion devices, which may promote the development of optical devices with lower cost and higher integration.
Spatial anti-bunching correlation in random light fields
Authors: Yu Shao-wen , Zhang Yang , Fu Gang-kun , Zhang Yi-han , Zhong Jia-min , Huang Yu-xiang , Chen Jun
Published: December 2024

Spatial anti-bunching, in contrast to the well-known bunching behavior observed in classical light sources, describes a situation where photons tend to avoid each other in space, resulting in a reduced probability of detecting two or more photons in proximity. This anti-bunching effect, a hallmark of nonclassical light, signifies a deviation from classical intensity fluctuations and has been observed not only in free electrons and entangled photon pairs but also in chaotic-thermal light. This work investigates the generation mechanism of spatial anti-bunching correlation in random light fields, leveraging the wandering of light centers to induce a second-order coherence degree below unity. Unlike traditional Gaussian Schell-model partially coherent light, this work predicts the emergence of two fundamentally distinct orbital angular momentum states, arising from the inherent differences between rigid body rotation and fluid-like rotation in the wandering light. These predictions are supported by experimental evidence. Based on these findings, we propose a resolution-enhanced lensless ghost imaging system as an application example. Experimental results indicate that the adoption of the anti-bunching correlated light field as the illumination source enables the imaging system to attain super-resolution imaging capabilities. Our findings provide new insights into the utilization of anti-correlated light fields for precision imaging and detection applications.
Joint Estimation of Point Spread Function and Molecule Positions in SMLM informed from multiple planes
Authors: Maloberti Julian , Jesacher Alexander , Velas Lukas , Moser Simon , Schutz Gerard
Published: December 2024

The advent of Single Molecule Localization Microscopy (SMLM) has transformed our capacity to investigate biological structures at the nanoscale. While the research focus has long been on improving the localization precision, systematic errors caused by optical aberrations are often overlooked. In the case of 3D SMLM, such errors have the potential to significantly impair the quality of the resulting images.
In this paper, we present a novel imaging and data processing approach that jointly estimates both, molecule positions and optical aberrations in SMLM. Therefore, the method minimizes systematic errors in SMLM reconstructions without the necessity of additional experimental calibration steps, such as the recording of fluorescent bead z-stacks.
We investigate the reliability of this approach especially in situations where the joint retrieval can be expected to be ill-posed, i.e., whenever the sample is "flat" and provides little diversity among the captured single molecule images.
To enhance the reliability of the inverse problem solution, we suggest utilizing small SMLM data sets acquired at one or more slightly defocused "auxiliary" planes. We investigate the effectiveness of our approach through numerical simulations and imaging experiments of a calibration probe and nuclear pore complexes. Our method is simple and integrates seamlessly into existing SMLM setups without necessitating modifications or added complexity to the system.
Mechanical network equivalence between the katydid and mammalian inner ears
Authors: Celiker Emine , Woodrow Charlie , Guadayol Òscar , Davranoglou Leonidas-Romanos , Schlepütz Christian M. , Mortimer Beth , Taylor Graham K. , Humphries Stuart , Montealegre-Z Fernando
Published: December 2024

Mammalian hearing operates on three basic steps: 1) sound capturing, 2) impedance conversion, and 3) frequency analysis. While these canonical steps are vital for acoustic communication and survival in mammals, they are not unique to them. An equivalent mechanism has been described for katydids (Insecta), and it is unique to this group among invertebrates. The katydid inner ear resembles an uncoiled cochlea, and has a length less than 1 mm. Their inner ears contain the crista acustica, which holds tonotopically arranged sensory cells for frequency mapping via travelling waves. The crista acustica is located on a curved triangular surface formed by the dorsal wall of the ear canal. While empirical recordings show tonotopic vibrations in the katydid inner ear for frequency analysis, the biophysical mechanism leading to tonotopy remains elusive due to the small size and complexity of the hearing organ. In this study, robust numerical simulations are developed for an in silico investigation of this process. Simulations are based on the precise katydid inner ear geometry obtained by synchrotron-based micro-computed tomography, and empirically determined inner ear fluid properties for an accurate representation of the underlying mechanism. We demonstrate that the triangular structure below the hearing organ drives the tonotopy and travelling waves in the inner ear, and thus has an equivalent role to the mammalian basilar membrane. This reveals a stronger analogy between the inner ear basic mechanical networks of two organisms with ancient evolutionary differences and independent phylogenetic histories.
A novel strategy for the MPPT in a photovoltaic system via sliding modes control
Authors: Contreras Carmona Itzel , Saldivar Belem , Portillo-Rodríguez Otniel , Ramírez Rivera Víctor Manuel , Gil Antonio Leopoldo , Jacinto-Villegas Juan Manuel
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes a robust maximum power point tracking algorithm based on a super twisting sliding modes controller. The underlying idea is solving the classical trajectory tracking control problem where the maximum power point defines the reference path. This trajectory is determined through two approaches: a) using the simplest linear and multiple regression models that can be constructed from the solar irradiance and temperature, and b) considering optimum operating parameters derived from the photovoltaic system’s characteristics. The proposal is compared with the classical methods Perturbation and Observation and Incremental Conductance, as well as with two recently reported hybrid algorithm based on Artificial Neural Networks: one uses the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and the other applies Bayesian regularization to generate current and voltage references, respectively. Both use a Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller to solve the maximum power point tracking problem. Numerical simulations confirm the effectiveness of the method proposed in this work regarding convergence time, power efficiency, and amplitude of oscillations. Furthermore, it has been shown that, although no significant differences in the system response are observed with respect to the Artificial Neural Networks-based methods, the proposed algorithm with a reference generated through a linear regression constitutes a low-complexity solution that does not require a temperature sensor to efficiently solve the maximum power point tracking problem.
Site climate more than soil properties and topography shape the natural arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in maize and spore density within rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) cropland in the eastern DR Congo
Authors: Ndeko Adrien Byamungu , Diedhiou Abdala Gamby , Founoune-Mboup Hassna , Chuma Géant Basimine , Mugumaarhahama Yannick , Diouf Diegane , Fall Saliou , Mushagalusa Gustave Nachigera , Kane Aboubacry
Published: December 2024

Rhizosphere microorganisms, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), play a vital role in enhancing sustainable maize production. However, uncertainty persist regarding the influence of climate variables and soil properties on mycorrhizal colonization (MC) of maize and the abundance of AM fungal spores in the field. This study aimed to explore the environmental factors such as site climate variables, soil physicochemical properties and topography and vegetation variable, affecting the natural MC of maize and the density of AMF spores. The study hypothesizes that natural maize mycorrhizal colonization and AMF spore density vary significantly across different sites and agroecological zones. It further posits that climatic and edaphic variables predominantly explain the observed variation in mycorrhizal parameters. To assess the impact of these factors, a field study was conducted in 32 sites across three territories in the province of South Kivu, namely Kabare, Walungu, and Uvira. Rhizospheric soil and maize roots were collected from different sites. Maize MC varied significantly among sites, with Kabare and Walungu showing high colonization rates (52.1% and 44.7%, respectively) compared to Uvira (26.40%). Meanwhile, spore density was significantly higher in Uvira (1331.7 spores g-1 soil) than in Kabare (518.9 spores g-1 soil) and Walungu (468.58 spores g-1 soil). Correlation analysis indicated that maize MC was influenced by site climate and soil properties. The PLS-SEM model demonstrated that 76.5% (R2) of the total variance in maize root MC was explained by climatic variables and soil chemical properties. Compared to soil chemical properties, climate characteristics had a more pronounced impact on maize MC. Maize MC was inversely correlated with temperature, C and available P content, while being directly and positively correlated with altitude, rainfall, and base saturation rate. Furthermore, 68.5% (R2) of the spore density variability of AMF was explained by climatic variables and soil physical properties. Spore density was inversely correlated with sand and clay content, field capacity, rainfall, and altitude, while being positively correlated with temperature. The results of this study indicate that climatic conditions exert a more pronounced influence on the mycorrhizal colonization of maize and the density of AMF spores than soil characteristics.
Assessment of the hazard risks on HVDC transmission networks due to lightning strikes and faults
Authors: Said Abdelrahman , Galal Mohamed , Abd-Allah M. A.
Published: December 2024

HVDC systems with high voltage and direct current are suitable for reducing electricity losses, during transmission over long distances. However, HVDC lines have the highest probability of failure within a system and can be damaged by different faults or lightning strikes. This paper presents a transient circuit model for the practical Egypt–Saudi Arabia link. The transient potential at different points along the line is calculated under different magnitudes and shapes of lightning strokes. "Additionally, the extent of transient overvoltages at the rectifier station due to shifts in lightning strike locations has been estimated. Furthermore, overvoltage distributions are examined caused by lightning strikes on a real ± 500 kV hybrid HVDC TL-Cableare examined. To prevent national disasters and maintain safe national ratios of electrical production, particularly in the case of hybrid HVDC TL-Cable faults, an analysis of different AC/DC faults in the hybrid HVDC TL-Cable is also presented. This study is based on an equivalent electrical model using Power Systems Computer-Aided Design (PSCAD) software. It was discovered that severe voltages appear at the rectifier station when 50 kAlightning stroke with 1.2 μ sec front time, and 350 μ sectail time hits the TL. Moreover, overvoltages are reduced by about 58% in hybrid HVDC TL-Cable. Also, surge arresters at rectifier stations reduce overvoltages by approximately 95%. Ultimately, DC pole-to-ground faults are more serious than other types of faults and can cause massive overcurrent in the system, potentially damaging the rectifier station.
Characterizing changes in executive functions and performance in daily activities after chemotherapy: A pre-post mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Loubani Khawla , Rand Debbie , Agbarya Abed
Published: December 2024

Background

Impairments in higher cognitive abilities (termed executive functions (EF) are common among individuals with cancer following chemotherapy and may impact their performance of daily activities. Our aim is to better understand the changes in EF and the impact on performance in daily activities of individuals with cancer pre- and post-chemotherapy.

Methods

A convergent parallel mixed-method pre-post experimental design. Qualitative and quantitative data will be collected pre- and post-chemotherapy (12 weeks following chemotherapy commencement). Participants will be adult candidates for chemotherapy who are newly diagnosed with non-central nervous system malignancy, stages I–III. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure will assess the performance of daily activities; secondary measures include EF, cognitive functioning, fatigue, and emotional well-being. Qualitative data will be collected via open-ended questions. Pre- and post-chemotherapy, quantitative and qualitative data will be analyzed separately and merged into an overall interpretation. It is expected that, pre-chemotherapy, no difficulties in performing daily activities will be revealed. Post-chemotherapy EF impairments will be apparent and their impact on the performance of daily activities will be identified.

Conclusions

Integrating quantitative and qualitative measures will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the individuals’ cognitive needs and may enable the development of effective interventions to minimize deterioration in daily activities after chemotherapy.
Statistical methods for comparing two independent exponential-gamma means with application to single cell protein data
Authors: Wang Jia , Tian Lili , Yan Li
Published: December 2024

In genomic study, log transformation is a common prepossessing step to adjust for skewness in data. This standard approach often assumes that log-transformed data is normally distributed, and two sample t-test (or its modifications) is used for detecting differences between two experimental conditions. However, recently it was shown that two sample t-test can lead to exaggerated false positives, and the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney (WMW) test was proposed as an alternative for studies with larger sample sizes. In addition, studies have demonstrated that the specific distribution used in modeling genomic data has profound impact on the interpretation and validity of results. The aim of this paper is three-fold: 1) to present the Exp-gamma distribution (exponential-gamma distribution stands for log-transformed gamma distribution) as a proper biological and statistical model for the analysis of log-transformed protein abundance data from single-cell experiments; 2) to demonstrate the inappropriateness of two sample t-test and the WMW test in analyzing log-transformed protein abundance data; 3) to propose and evaluate statistical inference methods for hypothesis testing and confidence interval estimation when comparing two independent samples under the Exp-gamma distributions. The proposed methods are applied to analyze protein abundance data from a single-cell dataset.
A standard procedure for constructing a multi-level social vulnerability index using CLSA and SOS data as working examples
Authors: Mah Jasmine C. , Theou Olga , Perez-Zepeda Mario Ulises , Penwarden Jodie L. , Godin Judith , Rockwood Kenneth , Andrew Melissa K.
Published: December 2024

Background

The construct of social vulnerability attempts to understand social circumstances not merely as a descriptor, but as a predictor of adverse health events. It can be measured by aggregating social deficits in a social vulnerability index (SVI). We describe a standard procedure for constructing a multi-level SVI using two working examples.

Methods

First, we describe a six-step approach to constructing a SVI. Then, we conducted a secondary analysis of a clinical dataset (Canadian Immunization Research Network’s Serious Outcomes Surveillance Network (SOS)) and a population-based dataset (Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)). In both datasets, we construct SVIs, use descriptive statistics to report distributions by age and sex, and perform a multivariable linear regression of social vulnerability on frailty.

Results

Procedures for drafting a list of candidate social items, selecting deficits for inclusion, and screening deficits to meet inclusion criteria were applied to yield a 18-deficit SVI for the SOS and 74-deficit SVI for the CLSA. Deficits in each SVI were re-scored between 0 and 1, where 1 indicates the greater risk. Finally, the sum of all deficits is calculated into an index. In the SOS, SVI was associated with age only for females and was weakly associated with frailty (r = 0.26, p<0.001). In the CLSA, SVI was associated with age for both sexes and moderately associated with frailty (r = 0.41, p<0.001).

Conclusion

We present a standard method of constructing a SVI by incorporating factors from multiple social domains and levels in a social-ecological model. This SVI can be used to improve our understanding of social vulnerability and its impacts on the health of communities and individuals.
Sickness absence and disability pension trajectories among individuals on sickness absence due to stress-related disorders. Two prospective population-based cohorts with 13-month follow-up
Authors: Gémes Katalin , Pettersson Emma , Sjölund Andoff Sara , Farrants Kristin , Friberg Emilie , Alexanderson Kristina
Published: December 2024

Background

Stress-related disorders are common diagnoses for sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP) in many Western countries. Knowledge on future SA/DP trajectories among those starting such a SA spell is limited. The aims were to identify future SA/DP days trajectories among individuals starting an SA spell due to stress-related disorder and investigate socio-demographic and morbidity characteristics associated with specific trajectories.

Methods

Using microdata from nationwide registers, we established two cohorts of all living in Sweden who started a new SA spell >14 days due to stress-related disorder in 2011 (N = 32,417) or in 2018 (N = 65,511), respectively. Group-based trajectory models were used to identify trajectories of monthly average SA/DP days during the following 13 months, separate for each cohort. We used multinomial logistic regression to investigate the associations between sociodemographic and morbidity-related predictors and trajectory membership.

Results

We identified six SA/DP trajectories in the two cohorts: steep drop (30.6% and 35.9% of all included in 2018 and 2011); constant fluctuating (8.7%, 11.2%); fast decrease (25.5%, 24.4%); medium decrease (18.1%, 13.1%); slow decrease (10.8%, 7.3%), and constant high (6.2%, 8.0%). The distributions of sociodemographic factors, multi-morbidity, and history of SA/DP differed between the trajectory groups. For example, compared to the steep drop trajectory, individuals in the other trajectories were more likely to be a woman, older, having had prior SA/DP or specialized outpatient healthcare visits.

Conclusions

In these two explorative, population-wide cohorts, we identified six different trajectories of SA/DP days among all with a new SA spell with stress-related disorders. The trajectory groups differed regarding both sociodemographic and health-related covariates.
Trends in camel research in South Asia: A bibliometric approach
Authors: Kandeel Mahmoud
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim: Camels play a crucial role in South Asia’s cultural, economic, and ecological landscape. This study aimed to conduct a systematic bibliometric analysis of camel research from South Asia. This study sought to provide an overview of the topic’s development and current and evolving themes by examining publication patterns, citation metrics, authorship trends, and thematic evolutions.

Materials and Methods: The data for this study were obtained from the Scopus database. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer and the Bibliometrix package in R Studio to analyze publication trends, author productivity, collaboration patterns, journal impacts, keyword analyses, institutional contributions, and research outputs from individual countries.

Results: The bibliometric analysis of camel research in South Asia identified 1106 documents from 320 sources involving 2443 authors, with an international coauthorship rate of 16.91%. The primary clusters of research topics were camel biology and the veterinary sciences, focusing on the biological and health aspects of camels; camel milk and its products, emphasizing the role of camel milk in human nutrition and health; the genetics and molecular biology of camels; the pathogens and diseases of camels and their control; camel tissues and structures; and the effects of camel products on human health. India and Pakistan are the leading sources of such articles. Trending and evolving topics in camel research in South Asia continue to increase, forming a dynamic landscape. Key themes include growing interest in camel products’ nutritional and therapeutic properties, particularly camel milk and bioactive compounds. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of camel products and their bioactive peptides have also gained research attention. The evolution from traditional studies of camel physiology and disease to molecular and genomic research underscores a shift toward a more detailed, mechanistic understanding of camel biology and health.

Conclusion: This bibliometric study highlighted the significant growth and diversification of camel research in South Asia over the past decades. The study emphasized the need for continued support and collaboration to gain knowledge of the unique attributes of camels and their regional and global benefits.

Keywords: bibliometric analysis, camel research, publication trends, South Asia.
Comparative survival of five porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains on six fomites
Authors: Quinonez-Munoz Angie , Sobhy Nader M. , Goyal Sagar M.
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim: Despite the availability of vaccines, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) continues to cause disease outbreaks in pigs worldwide. One of the reasons for this problem is the frequent mutation of the virus, which creates new variants. This study was conducted to determine the survival of five PRRSV strains on four non-porous and two porous fomites at 22–25°C (room temperature).

Materials and Methods: Five strains of PRRSV (1-7-4, 1-8-4, VR 2332, 1-4-4 MN, and 1-4-4 SD) were used in this study. Circular pieces of aluminum, boot material, polyvinyl chloride, stainless steel, cardboard, and concrete were used as fomites. A small volume of each virus strain was placed on the fomite, followed by incubation at room temperature. The virus surviving at different time points was eluted in an eluent solution. Serial 10-fold dilutions of the eluate were inoculated in MARC-145 cells for virus titration. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used for statistical analysis, and post hoc analysis was used for multiple pairwise comparisons.

Results: Three of the five strains were inactivated within 36 h on non-porous fomites; the remaining two survived for 72 h. On porous fomites, all five strains were inactivated within 12 h. MANOVA at p < 0.05 indicated that the inactivation of strains 1-7-4 and 1-4-4 SD was significant compared with the other strains. In addition, the number of virus titers was significantly reduced on stainless steel compared to other fomites.

Conclusion: Our findings illustrate how the interaction between the PRRSV strain and fomite material affect viral stability over time. The results also provide an understanding of fomites’ role in PRRSV epidemiology as indirect transmitters of the virus.

Keywords: fomites, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, survival, swine, viability, viral strains.
The Role of Critical Thinking in Enhancing Business Longevity Among South African SME Owners
Authors: Ndlela Sphesihle , Barnes Neil , Hoque Muhammad
Published: December 2024

According to The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor’s Annual Survey on Global Entrepreneurship (2011), South Africa had an estimated 5,579,767 small business owners, of which nearly 80% were retailers while more than 20% were service providers. These businesses accounted for almost 12 million jobs in the country. It is argued that many prospective entrepreneurs want to start a new business but do not focus on acquiring the essential basic business skills to ensure long-term success and sustainability. As survival challenges arise, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) will need thought processes that include defining issues, analysing evidence, and synthesizing information, which is critical thinking. SMEs need to have a good understanding of how to manage and run a business effectively. Managerial cognitive competencies become vital in handling, managing, and running a business effectively. Critical thinking is an important cognitive competency that impacts the expansion and survival of SMEs. Very few studies in South Africa have investigated SME longevity, where critical thinking skills were considered a factor. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the level of critical thinking skills among SME owners in South Africa's construction and manufacturing industries and explore its impact on SME longevity. This quantitative descriptive study was among 204 SME owners selected using quota sampling from the construction and manufacturing sectors. Data were collected using a self-administered, anonymous online questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software version 27. The questionnaire assessed the participants' levels of critical thinking. The analysis, conducted using SPSS version 27 software, aimed to determine the prevalence of these skills and their implications for the longevity of SMEs. The results indicated that SME owners in the construction and manufacturing sectors exhibited moderate critical thinking. This suggests that while critical thinking is present, further development has the potential to enhance SMEs' competitive edge and long-term viability. The study found that SME owners' overall critical thinking was moderate in both the manufacturing and construction sectors in South Africa. The study recommended that SMEs employ critical thinking skills to optimize their competitive advantage and sustainability. SME owners, therefore, need to embed critical thinking in their management skills to address complex problems.