bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of dinotefuran and humic acid on cadmium migration and transformation in sediments
Authors: Wang Haibo , Bian Mengyang , Yao Shuhua , Li Shifeng
Published: May 2024

The heavy application of dinotefuran (DNT) pesticide in agricultural production and the humic acid (HA) ubiquitous in the aqueous systems have burdened the environment as a new pollutant. The chemical fraction and mobility of cadmium (Cd) in sediments of urban river environments in which DNT and HA coexist are poorly understood. In this study, sequential extraction, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) techniques, and the Stern-Volmer equationwere integrated to identify the effects of DNT, pH, concentration and molecular weight (Mw) fractions of HA on the content and chemical fraction of Cd in sediments. The DNT dosage strongly affected the Fe–Mn oxide-associated Cd chemical fraction in sediments. HA facilitated migration of Cd from sediments to water. Cd release from sediments was also promoted by a lower pH of 5–6 compared to pH 8–9. Increasing concentrations of higher molecular weight HAs of >100 kDa, 30–100 kDa, and 30–10 kDa reduced total Cd, exchangeable/acid soluble fraction, and reducible fraction content in sediments, while 1–10 kDa and <1 kDa HA did not significantly influence Cd chemical fraction or content. The present study provides new insights into the environmental risks and partitioning of Cd in sediments under co-exposure to DNT and HA.
The 1956 eruption of Bezymianny volcano (Kamchatka). Part I - Petrological constraints on magma storage and eruptive dynamics
Authors: Martel Caroline , ERDMANN Saskia , BOUDON Georges , BALCONE-BOISSARD Hélène , OSTORERO Léa , BELOUSOV Alexander , BELOUSOVA Marina , DAVYDOVA Vesta O. , SHCHERBAKOV Vasily D.
Published: May 2024

Bezymianny volcano is an andesitic island arc stratovolcano that started to erupt in 1955 after ~ 1000 years of dormancy. The March 30, 1956, the climactic phase of the eruption was preceded by a four-month-long emplacement of a shallow cryptodome, which triggered a flank collapse violently decompressing the magma into a laterally-directed blast followed by an explosive phase emplacing extensive pumice concentrated pyroclastic density currents (pumice C-PDC). Aiming at constraining the plumbing system below Bezymianny volcano prior to the 1956 eruption, we performed a multiphase textural and petrological study using dense to vesiculated clasts of the blast and pumice samples from the post-blast C-PDC deposits. We inferred the pressure and temperature conditions of magma storage using sample vesicularity, amphibole destabilization rims, volatile contents in melt inclusions, microlite textures, and phase compositions (phenocrysts, microlites, and glasses). We propose a three-level magma storage characterized by a deep reservoir (≥ 200–350 MPa, ≥ 850°C, 4–8 wt% H2O and CO2 up to 1500 ppm, where amphibole is stable), a shallow reservoir (50–100 MPa, 850–900°C, 1.5-4.0 wt% H2O and CO2 < 250 ppm, where amphibole is unstable and quartz crystallizes) in which the pre-cryptodome magma resided and from which the post-blast pumiceous magma originated, and a subsurface cryptodome (< 25 MPa, ~ 900°C, cristobalite crystallized) from which the blast was initiated. This plumbing system provides the framework for constraining the timescales of the 1956 eruptive dynamics (companion paper).
The value and need for more open and FAIR data sharing to bolster biodiversity conservation in Southeast Asia
Authors: Tanalgo Krizler
Published: May 2024

The tropical Southeast Asian region, with its unique geographical characteristics and features, is home to a multitude of distinct species found in 11 nations. However, the availability of biodiversity data for several taxonomic groups remains unclear. In this study, I examined 17,126,598 occurrence records from Southeast Asia in the GBIF database to compare species data turnover in the region and compare them based on taxonomic groups. The analysis revealed significant disparities in data availability and usage between countries and taxonomic groups within SEA using GBIF. Moreover, there were weak and no correlations among species occurrence records, country size, and GDP. Based on my research, I would argue for a more concerted effort to incorporate and implement FAIR data-sharing approaches in biodiversity research in Southeast Asia. This should become a standard in the scientific community and be integrated into existing biodiversity agendas and frameworks, especially for funded research projects. This will enable a better understanding of biodiversity patterns and will facilitate the development of effective conservation strategies in Southeast Asia. This adaptive management approach is critical for responding to emerging threats and ensuring the long-term sustainability of conservation efforts. In conclusion, these initiatives play a crucial role in enhancing biodiversity conservation in SEA by promoting access to information, fostering collaboration, enabling evidence-based decision-making, engaging local communities, and supporting adaptive management practices.
Plant diversity in cocoa, coffee and cashew agroforest in southern Ghana
Authors: Tetteh Daniel
Published: May 2024

The understanding of the significance of cocoa, coffee, and cashew agroforestry systems in maintaining biodiversity and providing ecosystem services is limited in tropical and humid regions worldwide. The aim of this study was to measure the plant species and diversity in these agroforest systems compared to natural forests. We utilized the line transect method and sampled farm plots that were 20 meters by 20 meters and marked every 50 meters in the cocoa, coffee, cashew agroforest, and natural forests. We determined vegetation parameters such as relative density, relative dominance, relative frequency, and important value index of the most common tree species. The majority of individual shade trees were found in the forest reserve. The mean density and basal area of native forest trees were higher in the forest reserves and lower in the cashew agroforest farmland. Khaya ivorensis had the highest relative frequency, followed by the coffee farmlands, while the least was observed in the cashew agroforest. The findings of this study have implications for sustainable management of tropical agricultural production landscapes and contribute to biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes.
PD-L1 promotes tumor metastasis by regulating the infiltration of FGFBP2(+)Tm cells in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Xi-Shan , Zhuang Meng , Chen Tianli , Liu Jialiang , Lv Jiangfang , Jiang Zheng , Liu Zheng , Tang Jianqiang
Published: May 2024

Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes largely determined tumorigenesis and progression. We found PD-L1 can inhibit the infiltration of memory T cells in vivo and in vitro by reducing the secretion of CXCL9,CXCL10 in colorectal cancer. Clinically, patients with high PD-L1 expression had few memory T cells infiltration, resulting in a higher incidence of tumor metastasis. Furthermore, single-cell sequencing revealed that PD-L1 mainly inhibited the tissue infiltration of a specific Tm cell subset characterized by the expression of FGFBP2 gene. To clarify the distribution of FGFBP2(+)Tm cells, peripheral blood, lymph nodes, colon polyps, primary tumor, and liver metastases samples were collected. As the tumor progressed, the infiltration of FGFBP2(+) memory T cells gradually increased and accumulated in liver metastases. FGFBP2(+) memory T cells were closely correlated with the distribution of CD31 and positively correlated with the neovascularization density and metastatic nodules. By comparing the transcriptome differences between metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes, it was revealed that the expression of FGFBP2 and FGF19 were significantly increased in metastatic lymph nodes. Mechanistically, FGF19, the binding factor of FGFBP2 can induce inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts resulting in liver metastasis. Therefore, the elevated FGFBP2(+) memory T cells can promote liver metastasis in colorectal cancer.
One Sentence Summary: PD-L1 can inhibit the infiltration of memory T cells, and increased FGFBP2(+)Tm cells can promote tumor metastasis
Comparative genome analysis of the genus Marivirga and proposal of two novel marine species: Marivirga arenosa sp. nov., and Marivirga salinae sp. nov
Authors: Muhammad Neak , Avila Forbes , Kim Song-Gun
Published: May 2024

Background
The phylum Bacteroidota represents a significant proportion of heterotrophic bacteria found in marine ecosystems. Members of the phylum Bacteroidota are actively involved in the degradation of biopolymers such as polysaccharides and proteins. Bacteroidota genomes exhibit a significant enrichment of various enzymes, including carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), carboxypeptidases, esterases, isomerases, peptidases, phosphatases, and sulfatases. The genus Marivirga, a member of the family Marivirgaceae within the phylum Bacteroidota, comprises six documented species. During a microbial diversity study, three novel Marivirga strains (BKB1-2T, ABR2-2, and BDSF4-3T) were isolated from the West Sea, Republic of Korea.
Results
To explore the taxonomic status and genomic characteristics of the novel isolates, we employed a polyphasic taxonomic approach, which included phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and comprehensive genome analysis. The three isolates were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, moderately halophilic, and had a gliding motility. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values among the two isolates, BKB1-2T and BDSF4-3T, and the six reference strains were 70.5–76.5% for ANI and 18.1–25.7% for dDDH. Interestingly, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the strains harbor genes for a comprehensive pathway for dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), as well as other nitrogen pathways for the reduction of nitrite, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide. Additionally, the antiSMASH analysis indicated that the strains contained three to eight biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) associated with the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Furthermore, the strains carried a high number of CAZyme ranging from 53 to 152, which was also demonstrated by an in vitro analysis of degradation of the polysaccharide cellulose, chitin, laminarin, starch, and xylan. Additionally, all the strains carried genes for the metabolism of heavy metals, and exhibited tolerance to heavy metals, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in millimoles (mM) in ranges of Co2+ (3–6), Cu2+ (0.2–0.4), Ni2+ (3–5), Zn2+ (2–4), Mn2+ (20–50), and Hg2+ (0.3).
Conclusions
Based on polyphasic taxonomic approach, the three isolated strains represent two novel species names Marivirga arenosa sp. nov. (BKB1-2T = KCTC 82989T = InaCC B1618T), and Marivirga salinae sp. nov. (BDSF4-3T = KCTC 82973T = InaCC B1619T).
Assessment of knowledge and practice on the identification and reporting of substandard and falsified medical products among Healthcare providers in Tanzania
Authors: Manyanga Vicky Peter , Ndele Sayuni , Daniel Innocent , Maswaswa Yusuph , Yondu Emili , Nyondo Goodluck G. , Makoye Paul Malaba , Shedafa Raphael , Masota Nelson E. , Nyakirang’ani Nzagi , Sempombe Joseph , Kaale Eliangiringa
Published: May 2024

The circulation of substandard and falsified medical products in the pharmaceutical markets is a global health problem. The existence of these products undermines the efficiency of the healthcare delivery system and economic development. This research aimed at assessing the level of knowledge and practice among Tanzanian healthcare providers on the identification and reporting of substandard and falsified medical products. Participants included pharmacists, medical doctors, nurses, dentists, and medical laboratory scientists holding bachelor’s degrees and providing health services in Tanzania. Google forms were used for data collection and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 23 was used for data analysis. About 81.9% and 71.2% of respondents were found to have a good level of knowledge and practice on substandard and falsified medical products identification and reporting respectively. However, 92.5% and 84% of the pharmacists were having higher knowledge and practice than other cadres. The age, experience, facility type, and professional cadres were significantly associated with both the respondent’s knowledge and practice. Furthermore, only 13.2% of the respondents reported having learned about substandard and falsified medical products from universities and 53.8% reported having no idea of reporting tools for these products. The level of knowledge and practice of Tanzanian healthcare providers on identifying and reporting substandard and falsified medical products was good. However, regular training and improvement of the medical school's curriculum are necessary to equip Tanzanian healthcare providers with the necessary knowledge and good practice in identifying and reporting Substandard and falsified medical products.
Research article on development study and utility of Swayam Diabetes m- health application, nutrition informatics platform for self-care management of Type 2 Diabetes in home settings
Authors: Sinha Abhijeet Prasad , Singhal Manmohan , Joshi Ashish , Kumar Rohitashwa
Published: May 2024

Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence is alarmingly rising in India, one of the nations most affected by this epidemic. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions offer a promising approach to improving diabetes management by providing tools for self-monitoring, education, and support. This article explores the development and utility of mHealth interventions, focusing on Swayam Diabetes mHealth research in the Indian context. Drawing upon existing literature and empirical evidence, the article discusses the effectiveness, challenges, and future directions of m-Health interventions in T2DM management.
Materials and methods
A mixed research study qualitative n = 18 for testing of deigned interventions and quantitative n = 278 people conducted a DBMS questionnaire survey SUS global testing tool was needed for m-Health interventions on diabetes self-care management applications, with n = 55 participants evaluated using the System Usability Score and DBMS a using globally tested tool
Result
78% of participants preferred using an app to monitor their self-care routine, including food intake, nutrition, physical activity, medication usage, and diabetes-related details. The study found a 5.1% improvement in self-care administration, with gender having little influence. Over 55% of participants used a daily diary and found self-management with m-health interventions beneficial. The study found three key themes: a user-centered tool, an interactive interface, and learning from other users.
Conclusion
The results of this study significantly support the alternative hypothesis of the research study and demonstrate a relationship between m-health and improved at-home diabetic self-care management.
Physiological response as a tolerant mechanism to Yellow Sugarcane Aphids (YSA) (S. flava) herbivory on selected commercial sugarcane varieties (Saccharum officinarum)
Authors: sakadzo nyasha , Mubvuma Michael , Mukanga Cocilia , Mabveni Audrey RS , Musundire Robert
Published: May 2024

Physiological tolerance in response to Yellow Sugarcane Aphid feeding remains an unexplored area in the sugar industry of Zimbabwe and elsewhere. A 7 × 2 factorial in a complete randomized block design (CRBD) replicated four times was used, with seven sugarcane varieties (00-1165, ZN 3L, ZN 8, ZN 9, 96-1107, N14 and ZN 10) under two treatments of aphid infestation (un-infested (control) and infested). Results indicated that there were highly significant differences (p< 0.001) amongst the sugarcane varieties on chlorophyll content and percentage chlorophyll loss in control (sprayed) and infested (unsprayed) plots. Summer results recorded a great increase in percentage chlorophyll loss (21.4%) margin scored on ZN 10. Findings of the regression analysis displayed a highly significant (p< 0.001) strong positive correlation (r= 0.85) between chlorophyll loss and aphid number. Summer results showed highly significant differences (p< 0.001) on gas exchange responses in control and infested plots. Nevertheless, in YSA infested plots, 00-1165 recorded the highest compensatory photosynthetic rate (32.52), transpiration rate (4.32), stomata conductance (218.2) when compared to the least obtained from ZN 10 and N14 at day 28. Obtained results of the regression analysis presented highly significant positive correlation between; chlorophyll loss and photosynthesis (r= 0.44), photosynthesis and aphid number (r= 0.57). Ranking of sugarcane varieties was done according to YSA susceptibility; less susceptible (00-1165), moderate susceptible (ZN 3L, ZN 8 and ZN 9) and highly susceptible (96-1107, N14 and ZN 10). Sugarcane growers should add 00-1165 sugarcane variety amongst the existing sugarcane varieties as it is highly tolerant to YSA damage as proven by physiological compensatory and maintaining behavior.
Sex Differences in the Associations of Creatinine to Cystatin C Ratio with Incident Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis-Evidence From the CHARLS
Authors: Sun Boran , Ma Lemeng , Nuer Aerman , Yang Yasi , Xiao Wenbo , Jiao Huanli , Huai Xiaochen , Zhu Yun , Wang Yuan , Chen Yongjie , Lu Wenli
Published: May 2024

Background
Little was known about whether Creatinine to Cystatin C Ratio (CCR) can predict the occurrence of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (KOA). We examined the association between CCR and incident KOA and sex differences among Chinese middle-aged and older adults.
Methods
We included 4,155 participants aged ≥ 45 years in the 2011 and 2015 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The incident of symptomatic KOA was defined as participants who were free of symptomatic KOA at baseline and diagnosed with symptomatic KOA at the 4-year follow-up. Logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between CCR and incidence KOA in both sexes. Restricted cubic analysis was employed to analyze non-linear relationship.
Results
420 participants (10.1%) developed KOA during 4-year follow-up. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for KOA was 0.85 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.74 to 0.98) per 1 standard deviation (SD) higher of CCR. The significant effect modification by sex was observed (P-interaction = 0.013). The highest tertile of CCR was significantly correlated with a lower incidence of symptomatic KOA in males (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.29–0.88, P = 0.015), but not in females (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.61–1.29, P = 0.522) compared with the lowest tertile. Significant non-linear relationship was identified for male with 75.0 of CCR being an inflection point.
Conclusions
Our findings provided new insights that CCR could serve as a promising biomarker for early KOA screening among Chinese males.
Long-term adjustment of the South America Atlantic Forest to atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration
Authors: Santos Thiago , Bouloubassi Ioanna , Cruz Joana , Rodrigues Alice , Ledru Marie-Pierre , Huguet Arnaud , Shimizu Marília , Lemes Murílo , Nascimento Rodrigo , Venancio Igor , Sobrinho Rodrigo , Bernardes Marcelo , Albuquerque Ana
Published: May 2024

The effect of CO2 fertilization on tropical forests is uncertain due to a lack of direct data and confounding effects of climate variability. Long-term proxy records could help understand the impact of elevated CO2 on tropical vegetation. We provide observationally inferred evidence that the evolution of the Atlantic Forest in SE Brazil between ~ 150 and 65 ka was influenced by CO2 variability rather than temperature or precipitation on both precessional and millennial time scales. Plant wax n-alkanes in a marine core were used to trace forest cover fluctuations and compared with continental records of fossil pollen, revealing a strong correlation with CO2 levels. This highlights CO2 fertilization as a key driver of the past Atlantic Forest evolution, emphasizing the need for protection initiatives to preserve its long-term capacity in carbon storage. Further research is needed to understand the long-term effects of CO2 on tropical forests at the ecosystem scale.
Prevention of radiotherapy-induced pro-tumorigenic microenvironment by SFK-inhibitors
Authors: Kang Keon Wook , Choi Yong June , Kim Myung Jun , Lee Young Joo , Choi Munkyung , Shim Wan Seob , Park Miso , Kim Yong-Chul
Published: May 2024

Radiotherapy is a widely employed technique for eradication of tumor using high-energy beams, and has been applied to approximately 50% of all solid tumor patients. However, its non-specific, cell-killing property leads to inevitable damage to surrounding normal tissues. Recent findings suggest that radiotherapy-induced tissue damage contributes to the formation of a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. Here, we utilized mouse models to uncover the mechanisms underlying the development of such a radiation-triggered microenvironment. Radiotherapy-induced tissue damage stimulates infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages and their differentiation into M2 macrophages, ultimately leading to fibrosis and the formation of a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. This phenomenon was consistently observed across two mouse strains and two organ-targeted radiotherapy models. Notably, SRC family kinases (SFKs) emerged as crucial factors in the formation of the radiotherapy-induced pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. SFKs activation in epithelial cells and fibroblasts was triggered by direct exposure to irradiation or M2 macrophage cytokines. Remarkably, the administration of SFK-targeted inhibitors reversed myofibroblast activation, effectively ameliorating fibrosis and the pro-tumorigenic microenvironment in radiated tissues. Further, combined administration of radiotherapy and SFK-targeted inhibitors significantly enhanced the survival of tumor-bearing mice. In conclusion, reshaping of the tissue microenvironment by SFK-targeting is a potential strategy for prevention of metastasis and recurrence following radiotherapy.
Hindi translation and validation of Ultra Brief peripartum Mental Health Screening Tool (UBPMHST)
Authors: Harit Ishita , Kukreti Prerna , Kataria Dinesh , Puri Manju , Goel Manish Kumar , Prasad Shiv
Published: May 2024

Background
The peripartum period presents a critical window for identifying and addressing maternal mental health concerns. However, existing screening tools often face linguistic and cultural barriers when applied in diverse populations especially of LMIC’s. This study aimed to translate and validate an ultra brief, simple, binary-scoring, novel mental health screening tool into Hindi language, evaluating its psychometric properties and cultural relevance among Hindi-speaking women. The scale developed in 2019, includes symptoms of depressed mood, anxiety symptoms and suicidal ideation, which is possibly more feasible and acceptable for use by non-specialist health workers in busy, low-resource primary care settings. However, a Hindi translated, validated version of the scale is not yet available for use among Indian population.
Methods
As specified by the World Health organisation, the translation process involved forward and backward translations, expert panel reviews, and pilot testing to ensure linguistic equivalence and cultural appropriateness. Subsequently, the translated tool underwent psychometric validation, including exploratory factor analyses, assessment of internal consistency, concurrent validity against established measures like a widely used screening tool (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression rating scale) in the said population. The study recruited a diverse sample of 194 peripartum women seeking antenatal and postnatal care and treatment from a tertiary care healthcare setting, ensuring representation across socio-demographic variables.
Results
The findings of this study underscore the successful translation and validation of an ultra-brief peripartum mental health screening tool for common mental health disorders into Hindi language, demonstrating its reliability, validity, and clinical relevance among Hindi-speaking women. Through rigorous psychometric evaluation, the translated tool exhibited robust internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.80; P < 0.001), cross language concordance (ICC ≥ 0.7), test retest reliability (ICC = 0.952; P < 0.00), factor structure, content validity (CVI = 0.911), and concurrent validity (Pearson’s correlation coefficient 0.67 in ANC/ 0.71in PNC; P < 0.05), thus providing a valuable instrument for identifying peripartum mental health concerns within this population.
Conclusion
Findings elucidated the reliability, validity, and clinical utility of the translated screening tool in screening for peripartum common mental health disorders among Hindi-speaking women, thereby facilitating timely identification and support for maternal mental health concerns.
Predicting Mechanical Properties of Non-Equimolar High-Entropy Carbides using Machine Learning
Authors: Zhao Xi , Zhao Xi , Cheng Shuguang , Cheng Shuguang , Yu Sen , Yu Sen , Zheng Jiming , Zheng Jiming , Zhang Ruizhi , Zhang Ruizhi , Guo Meng , Guo Meng
Published: May 2024

High-entropy carbides (HECs) have garnered significant attention due to their unique mechanic properties. However, the design of novel HECs has been limited by extensive trial-and-error strategies, along with insufficient knowledge and computational capabilities. In this work, the intrinsic correlations between elements in the high-dimensional compositional space of HECs are investigated using high-throughput density functional theory calculations and two machine learning models, which enable us to predict the Young's modulus, hardness and wear resistance only using a chemical formula. Our models demonstrate low root mean square error (11.5GPa) and mean absolute errors (9.0GPa) in predicting the mechanic properties of HECs with arbitrary non-equimolar compositions. We further establish a database of 566,370 HECs and identified 15 novel HECs with best mechanical properties. Our models can rapidly explore the mechanical properties of HECs with descriptor-property correlation analysis, and hence provide an efficient method for accelerating the design of non-equimolar high-entropy materials with desired performance.
Foliar applied silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) imparted tolerance to arsenic toxicity by modulating physiological and antioxidant in wheat cultivars
Authors: Ahmad Zahoor , Younis Rooma , Ahmad Tanveer , Iqbal Muhammad Aamir , Artyszak Arkadiusz , Hashem Abeer , Abd_Allah Elsayed Fathi
Published: May 2024

Globally, heavy metals especially arsenic (As) toxicity in staple crops like wheat has posed serious threats to human health, necessitating conducting fresh studies to find out biologically viable As toxicity mitigation strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of foliar-applied silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) at the tillering stage on the activation of physiological and antioxidant regulation in wheat to induce tolerance against varying As toxicity levels. The trial comprised two promising wheat cultivars (Anaaj and Ghazi) and five SiNPs regimes including 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 ppm doses against As toxicity levels of 0 and 25 ppm. The recorded findings depicted that SiNPs regimes significantly improved morphological characteristics such as root length, fresh and dry weight, as well as shoot length, and fresh and dry weight of wheat cultivars. Additionally, the levels of chlorophyll pigments, including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll contents, were significantly increased in SiNPs-treated plants, indicating improved photosynthetic activity. The enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), played a vital role in combating oxidative stress induced by As toxicity. Moreover, SiNPs application resulted in a significant reduction in As concentration in both leaves and roots, highlighting the ability of SiNPs to regulate the uptake and accumulation of arsenic and mitigate its toxic effects. In conclusion, the foliar application of SiNPs during the tillering stage of wheat effectively activated physiological and antioxidant regulation, leading to enhanced tolerance against As toxicity.
Self-assembled Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-Activatable Nano-prodrug for Cancer Stem Cell-Enriched Tumor Detection and Treatment
Authors: Liu Bin , Li Bowen , Tian Jianwu , Zhang Fu , Wu Chongzhi , Li Zhiyao , Wang Dandan , Zhuang Jiahao , Chen Siqin , Song Wentao , Tang Yufu , Ping Yuan
Published: May 2024

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), characterized by high tumorigenicity and drug-resistance, are often responsible for tumor progression and metastasis. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH), often overexpressed in CSC-enriched tumors, present a potential target for specific anti-CSC treatment. In this study, we report a self-assembled nano-prodrug (PS-CHO@ATRA-SS-ATRA) composed of ALDH-activatable photosensitizer (PS-CHO) and disulfide-linked all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA-SS-ATRA) for diagnose and targeted treatment of CSC-enriched tumors. The ATRA-SS-ATRA can load with PS-CHO and self-assemble into a stable nanoparticle PS-CHO@ATRA-SS-ATRA, which can be disassembled into ATRA and PS-CHO in CSC by high level of GSH. As for released PS-CHO, overexpressed ALDH catalyzes the oxidation of aldehydes (-CHO) to carboxyl (-COOH) under CSC-enriched microenvironment, activating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and fluorescence emission. This ROS generation leads to direct killing of CSCs and is accompanied by a noticeable fluorescence enhancement for real-time monitoring of the CSC-enriched microenvironment. Moreover, the released ATRA, as a differentiation agent, reduce the CSCs stemness and improve the CSC-enriched microenvironment, offering a synergistic effect for enhanced anti-CSC treatment of PS-CHO in inhibition of in vivo tumor growth and metastasis.
Development and validation of a Clinlabomics based nomogram for predicting the prognosis of small cell lung cancer in China: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Peng Qi , Xu Pingyao , Xu Ke , Guo Wei , wang Dongsheng , Xiang Mingfei , Yang Fang , Luo Huaichao
Published: May 2024

Background and Objective
Small cell lung cancer has a high incidence and mortality rate, frequently metastasizes, and is associated with a poor prognosis. However, traditional prognostic models based on stage alone cannot meet clinical needs. This study aims to establish a clinlabomics based, highly accessible prognostic model for small cell lung cancer
Methods
We conducted a multicenter observational retrospective study, enrolling clinical laboratory data of 276 small cell lung cancer patients. The cohort from Sichuan Cancer Hospital comprised a total of 196 samples. Of these, 88 samples were designated as the independent internal validation set, while 80 samples from an alternate institution were allocated as the external validation set. Utilizing univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, six prognostic indicators were discerned. A nomogram was subsequently developed based on these identified indicators.
Results
The analysis identified three clinlabomic biomarkers—Total Protein (TP), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and Lymphocyte Ratio (Lym Ratio)—as well as three clinical indicators—Age, Stage, and Smoking History—as independent prognostic factors. Nomogram was developed based on these six indicators. The AUC of time independent ROC for 2-year and 3-year Overall survival (OS) was 0.74, 0.74 in the training cohort, and 0.64, 0.74 in the validation cohort, respectively. The novel nomogram accurately predicted the prognosis for two independent cohorts with p-values < 0.001, and performed risk adjustment, which classified patients with different OS at the same extensive stage (ES) or limited-stage (LS) .
Conclusions
Clinlabomics-based nomogram accurately predicts small cell lung cancer prognosis by leveraging blood laboratory data.
A new design for the addition order of chemotherapy drugs in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Liu Junjian , Tang Yifan , Lan Ting
Published: May 2024

An order of addition experiment is a experiment that investigates how the order of addition of materials or components affects the results, with the primary objective of predicting and determining the optimal order of addition of reactants in an optimized reaction. Order of addition experiment are also commonly used in the medical field for drug combination therapy, where experimentation with all combinations of multiple drugs and their dosages is unaffordable due to cost considerations. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a new method of design table construction, combining the partial full order of addition design table and the two-level partial analysis factor design table to form a new class of design table by matrix product method. By adding the main factor and two-factor interaction effect terms and improving the corresponding additive model, we study the effects of factor effects and the order of addition effects of factors on the results under the order of addition experiment. We prove that the relative D-efficiency of the constructed one-class design table can reach 100% and solve an explicit expression for the D-efficiency of the full design. The superiority of the new method is demonstrated by comparing the simulation experiment with the relative D-efficiency of the random design table.
Clinical and radiological features associated with rupture of pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm: a retrospective study
Authors: liu min , liu jixiang , Yu Wei , Gao Xiaoyan , Chen Shi , Qin Wei , Zhu Ziyang , Li Chenghong , Li Fajiu , Zhai Zhenguo
Published: May 2024

Background
Hemoptysis resulting from rupture of the pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm (PAP) is massive and fatal, while factor contributing to the rupture of pseudoaneurysm remains elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical and radiological features of PAP and identify the risk factors associated with rupture.
Methods
Patients who developed hemoptysis with PAP were collected from January 2019 to December 2022 retrospectively. Clinical data of the demographic characteristics, radiological findings, treatment strategies, and prognosis were collected. A comparative analysis was performed on the characteristics in the ruptured and non-ruptured cases.
Results
A total of 58 PAPs were identified in the 50 patients. The most common causes were infection (86%) and cancer (8%). The PAPs were located predominantly in the upper lobes of both lungs, and 57 (99.3%) were distributed in the segmental or subsegmental pulmonary arteries. The median diameter was 6.1(4.3–8.7) mm. A total of 29 PAPs were identified adjacent to pulmonary cavitations, with the median diameter of the cavity being 18.9 (12.4–34.8) mm. Rupture of pseudoaneurysm occurred in 21 cases (42%). Compared to unruptured group, the ruptured group had a significantly higher proportion of massive hemoptysis (57.1% vs. 6.9%, p < 0.001), larger pseudoaneurysm diameter (8.1 ± 3.2 mm vs. 6.0 ± 2.3 mm, p = 0.012), higher incidence of pulmonary cavitation (76.2% vs. 44.8%, p = 0.027), and larger cavitation diameters (32.9 ± 18.8 mm vs. 15.7 ± 8.4 mm, p = 0.005). The mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) in the ruptured group was also significantly higher than that in the unruptured group [23.9 ± 7.4 mmHg vs. 19.2 ± 5.0 mmHg, p = 0.011]. Endovascular treatment was successfully performed in all 21 patients with ruptured PAP, of which the clinical success rate was 96.0%. Five patients experienced recurrent hemoptysis within one year.
Conclusions
Massive hemoptysis, pseudoaneurysm diameter, pulmonary cavitation, and elevated mPAP were the risk factors for rupture of pseudoaneurysm. Our findings facilitate early identification and timely intervention of PAP at high risk of rupture.
Cyberattack Detection Using Unsupervised Learning Techniques
Authors: Islam Amanul , Rashid Md Mamunur
Published: May 2024

Cybersecurity threats are becoming increasingly sophisticated and challenging to detect, making it critical to develop effective and robust detection mechanisms. Unsupervised learning techniques offer a promising approach for cyberattack detection, particularly in scenarios where labeled data are scarce or unavailable. In this research, we propose a novel approach for cyberattack detection using adversarial autoencoders that combines the traditional autoencoder architecture with an additional adversarial component. The proposed approach involves data collection and preprocessing, training an adversarial autoencoder model using unsupervised learning with adversarial training, detecting anomalies, and evaluating the performance of the approach. The proposed approach offers several benefits, including the ability to capture complex relationships in the data and generate realistic reconstructions of normal data. The effectiveness and potential of the proposed approach will be evaluated through extensive experiments and comparisons with existing unsupervised learning techniques or other benchmark methods.
Development of models for the processes of primary oil refining in the atmospheric unit with a shortage and uncertainty of initial information
Authors: Orazbayev Batyr , Kuzhuhanova Zhadra , Uskenbayeva Gulzhan , Orazbayeva Kulman , Abdugulova Zhanat , Rzayeva Leila , Kurmangaziyeva Lyailya
Published: May 2024

In practice, when developing models of many production facilities, problems often arise related to the fuzziness of some of the initial information, affecting important indicators of the quality of the facility’s operation. The purpose of the study is to develop a systematic method for synthesizing statistical, fuzzy and linguistic models of complex objects in conditions of shortage and fuzziness of initial information. Then, using the proposed method, various models of the atmospheric unit of a primary oil refining plant are developed. At the same time, statistical models are developed on the basis of traditional methods. With crisp input and operating parameters and fuzzy output parameters, based on the proposed method, fuzzy models of the atmospheric unit are developed that determine the quality of the manufactured products. And when the input, operating and output parameters of the object are fuzzy, there have been developed linguistic models that evaluate the qualities of the target product of the atmospheric unit based on expert assessment methods, logical rules of conditional inference and the proposed method. The developed linguistic models in Fuzzy Logic Toolbox make it possible to evaluate the quality of gasoline from an atmospheric unit depending on the content of chloride salts and the mass fraction of sulfur in the raw material. The advantages of the proposed modeling method compared to known ones are shown.
The Protective Effects of Insulin on the Developing of Dementia in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with hypertension and diabetes: A Population-Based Nationwide Study
Authors: Chen Yun-Yi , Chen Yi-Hsien , Fang Yu-Wei , Wang Jing-Tong , Tsai Ming-Hsien
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION:
The effects of insulin use on the incidence of dementia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with diabetes and hypertension is limited.
METHOD
In this retrospective study, differences in the incidence of dementia between insulin users and non-users were examined with competing risk models.
RESULTS
In a follow-up period of 11 years, 1285 events of dementia were recorded and the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio for dementia by insulin usage (yes versus non) and insulin usage per medication possession ratio (MPR) is 0.652 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.552–0.771) and 0.995 (95% CI: 0.993–0.998) respectively. Such a significantly negative association was consistent in almost the subgroups. Moreover, a dosing effect of insulins was noted that patients who had higher insulin MPRs generally benefited from better protection from dementia.
DISCUSSION
The CKD patients with hypertension and diabetes who received insulin therapy had a 35% decreased risk of dementia.
Understanding Emotional Flexibility in Autism: The Social Factor Matters
Authors: Lacroix Adeline , Bennetot-Deveria Yoann , Baciu Monica , Dutheil Frédéric , Magnon Valentin , Gomot Marie , Mermillod Martial
Published: May 2024

Autistic individuals often present difficulties in flexibly adjusting their behavior, yet laboratory experiments have yielded inconsistent results, potentially due to various influencing factors requiring precise examination. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that the social content of stimuli could play a specific role in some of the flexibility challenges faced by autistic individuals. We analyzed data from 256 adult participants (124 with autism), matched in age, gender, and sex, who performed an emotional shifting task involving unpredictable shifts between positive and negative stimuli. In addition, the task had a social and a non-social condition. Our results revealed a larger switch cost in the social compared to the non-social condition, which was more pronounced in autism compared to non-autistic individuals. Expanding upon previous research demonstrating a greater switch cost in autistic than non-autistic individuals for socio-emotional stimuli, our study further extends these findings by highlighting that the social context, rather than the emotional nature of the stimuli alone, could play a particular role in some of the flexibility challenges faced by autistic individuals. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to investigate if these results also apply to autistic children or autistic individuals who also have intellectual disabilities.
A Case Report and Literature Review of a Giant Parathyroid Adenoma with Digestive System Symptoms and Brown Tumor
Authors: Pan Wen-ting , Zhao Zhi-Hong , Wang Kun , Ou Liang
Published: May 2024

Background: A parathyroid adenoma stands as the primary cause of primary hyperparathyroidism, and clinically it often presents with symptoms such as elevated blood calcium levels and recurrent kidney stones. Parathyroid adenoma discovered due to symptoms such as nausea and vomiting is relatively rare.
Case presentation: A 59-year-old woman was hospitalized due to symptoms of nausea and vomiting. Imaging studies unveiled a solid mass located on the posterior aspect of the left thyroid lobe, potentially of parathyroid origin, along with multiple bone destruction throughout the body. Laboratory tests showed elevated serum total calcium, low potassium, and increased parathyroid hormone levels. The final diagnosis was primary hyperparathyroidism complicated by the brown tumor. Symptomatic treatment, including calcium reduction, fluid replacement, and electrolyte supplementation, was initiated. Subsequently, parathyroid adenoma resection was performed. Postoperatively, the patient developed hungry bone syndrome, which was treated with calcium supplementation, and follow-up showed normalization of blood calcium levels.
Conclusions: Unexplained nausea accompanied by electrolyte disturbances should raise suspicion of rare causes such as primary hyperparathyroidism. When there are multiple systemic osteolytic changes, brown tumor should be considered, along with assessment of serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels for diagnosis.
A Child-Friendly Approach: Leveraging Illusory Motion Designs for Early Dyslexia Diagnosis
Authors: Rasouli Zahra , Rasouli Saifollah , Salehi Javad
Published: May 2024

Dyslexia, a prevalent learning disorder, poses significant challenges for affected children, impacting their educational, social, and psychological well-being. Visual perception and processing difficulties are common among children with dyslexia. Leveraging illusory motions, we investigated the neurobiology of vision indirectly and non-invasively. In this research, we present a pattern-driven approach by leveraging illusory motion designs for early dyslexia diagnosis in preschool children. Our descriptive study focused on dyslexic and normal students aged six to nine years in Zanjan city during the 2020-2021 academic year. The dyslexic group (n = 19) comprised students from four learning disorder centers, while the normal group (n = 35) included students from selected schools in districts 1 and 2. We employed 11 illusory motion designs as research tools. Data analysis revealed significantly lower illusory motion perception in dyslexic children compared to their normal peers. Notably, our study introduces an illusory motion stimulus with high potential for early dyslexia diagnosis. It successfully identified illusory movement in 94% of healthy children and 32% of dyslexic children. This innovative approach holds promise for predicting reading disorders during education and serves as a valuable screening tool for vulnerable children before entering school.
Use of short single-balloon enteroscopy in patients with surgically altered anatomy: A single-center experience
Authors: Ding Songming , Dong Shanjie , Zhu Hengkai , Hu Yiting , Zheng Shusen , Li Qiyong
Published: May 2024

Conventional duodenoscopy is challenging to perform in patients with a surgically altered anatomy (SAA). Short single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) is an innovative alternative. We investigated the performance of short SBE in patients with SAA and explored risk factors for unsuccessful intubation. Patients who underwent short SBE from October 2019 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Successful enteroscopic intubation was defined as endoscope reaching the target site of the afferent limb and identification of the papilla of Vater or pancreaticobiliary-enteric anastomosis. In total, 99 short SBE procedures were performed in 64 patients (40 men, 24 women) with a mean age of 61 years (range, 36–86 years). The patients had a history of choledochoduodenostomy (n = 1), Billroth II gastrojejunostomy (n = 11), pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 17), Roux-en-Y reconstruction with hepaticojejunostomy (n = 31), and Roux-en-Y reconstruction with total gastrectomy (n = 4). Successful enteroscopic intubation occurred in 57 of 99 (57.6%) procedures. No perforation or severe pancreatitis occurred. Multivariable analysis showed that Roux-en-Y reconstruction was a risk factor for intubation failure (hazard ratio, 4.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–15.8; p = 0.033). Short SBE is efficacious and safe in patients with postsurgical anatomy. Roux-en-Y reconstruction adversely affects the success of short SBE intubation.
Dual role of the ∆Np63-miR-141-3p-YAP1 axis in regulating proliferation, migration, and EMT in different cervical carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Panahi-Moghadam Somayeh , Sadeghizadeh Majid , Farivar Shirin , Vakhshiteh Faezeh
Published: May 2024

Cervical cancer (CC) represents a substantial public health burden, requiring the development of inventive therapeutic approaches. This study explored the functional relationship between the p63 isoform (ΔNp63) and miR-141-3p in modulating migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in two CC cell lines, CaSki, which are human cervical squamous carcinoma cells, and HeLa, which are human cervical adenocarcinoma cells. Our findings revealed dual functions of the ΔNp63-miR-141-3p-YAP1 axis, demonstrating its prometastatic role in HeLa cells through the upregulation of YAP1 and the promotion of proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT. Conversely, the same axis demonstrated an antimetastatic function in CaSki cells by downregulating YAP1. Notably, YAP1 expression is significantly greater in ADC than in SCC, highlighting its contribution to the aggressive nature of ADC. These data indicate that targeting the ΔNp63-miR-141-3p-YAP1 axis can offer subtype-specific therapeutic options for managing CC.