bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scholarship of Teaching and Learning
Authors: Kaur Amrita
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the journey of a Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) practitioner grounded in over 11 years of teaching across two Asian countries. The author discusses how SoTL has become integral to the author's personal and professional identity. Through two key SoTL inquiries—“What Determines Chinese Students' Seat Selection: A SoTL Inquiry in Collaboration with Students' and 'Exploring Undergraduate Classroom Interest in the Chinese Context: Origins and Manifestations.', the chapter demonstrates how SoTL can enhance understanding of cultural differences in foreign teaching settings. These projects highlight the significance of reflection, student collaboration, and context in shaping SoTL practices. The chapter also analyzes the current state of SoTL in educational psychology, offering insights into its application across different cultural contexts. Finally, it provides recommendations for higher education institutions and policymakers on supporting SoTL's growth through institutional frameworks and professional development strategies.
Combatting Space Debris
Authors: Madikiza Lucky Diliza
Published: December 2024

The space industry has expanded rapidly over several decades, with a significant increase in the number of launches and satellites in orbit. However, this expansion has generated sustainability concerns in space, including increased greenhouse gas emissions from satellite launches and orbital debris polluting the atmosphere. This raises concern about the sustainable use of the Earth's orbits as space debris accumulates. The amount of space debris, made up of different leftovers from objects like defunct satellites and rocket fuels, has been increasing for many years. In addition to contaminating the environment, this floating orbital garbage increases the chance of crashing into current satellites. Unless interventions are contemplated, the likelihood of more orbital garbage is expected to rise in the coming years. However, eliminating space waste is fraught with legal, political, economic, and regulatory issues as well as practical technological challenges. This chapter examines this confluence of factors with a view to contemplating remedies to solve the orbital debris problem.
Effectiveness of Leadership Qualities on Sustainable Supply Chain Practices
Authors: Yogananthan S. , Ulle Ravishankar S. , Gopalan Balaji
Published: December 2024

Effective leadership focused on sustainability is key to achieving operational excellence in a supply chain. Leaders with the right qualities implement sustainable practices throughout the chain, considering environmental, social, and economic factors. Success is influenced by company culture, stakeholder engagement, regulations, and data use. This approach leads to operational excellence with better efficiency, quality, and resilience, along with a competitive advantage and happy stakeholders. The framework is a roadmap for businesses to leverage leadership for a sustainable and successful supply chain.
Passive Design
Authors: Saleem Faina , Mohd-Sahabuddin Mohd Firrdhaus , Shabbir Kamran
Published: December 2024

Passive design is a sustainable approach to architecture that prioritizes natural elements and energy efficiency. It encompasses strategies such as heat recovery ventilation, spatial openness for natural light and airflow, energy-efficient HVAC systems, and heat control mechanisms. Effective insulation, high-performance windows, proper solar orientation, and an airtight envelope are crucial components. By minimizing environmental impact and maximizing occupant comfort, passive design offers a holistic solution for high-performance architecture. This chapter will provide detailed insights into these strategies and their real-world applications.
India's BRICS Engagement
Authors: Keerthiraj  , Misra Apoorva , Vang-Phu Tran
Published: December 2024

The study explores the strategic affairs of BRICS member states with a special reference to India's geopolitical and economic stature with neighboring countries and regional blocs. The chapter examines the existing research and practical policy implications where India leverages BRICS for its advancing regional cooperation and interest. In this way regional ambitions, maritime security concerns, trade disputes, and diplomatic relations will be explored in the chapter. The study aims to evaluate how BRICS impacts India's geopolitical relations with South Asia, with a special reference to the maritime strategies in the Indian Ocean in view of China's increased assertiveness. The chapter would follow a qualitative methodology, aided by primary sources like BRICS communiqués and official statements of the Indian government, aided by scholarly articles and expert analyses.
Reshaping Global Energy Policy Through BRICS+ and Seeking a New Equilibrium in Energy Markets
Authors: Umutlu Hasan , Terzioglu Hande Caliskan
Published: December 2024

BRICS+ countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and the recently expanded bloc of Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Iran, and Egypt) hold significant potential to reshape global energy policy. This expanding alliance is positioned to become a decisive force in the supply of traditional energy resources such as oil and natural gas, particularly given the inclusion of energy-rich nations. With Russia and Saudi Arabia—two of the world's largest energy producers—as well as major energy consumers like China and India, BRICS+ is poised to drive a new equilibrium in energy markets. Enhanced cooperation and increased trade volumes among the bloc members can foster a more balanced distribution of energy resources both regionally and globally. This study analyzes the role of BRICS+ countries in global energy policy and examines the potential impact of these evolving power dynamics on energy markets. Notably, it highlights BRICS+ leadership in renewable energy investments and the global energy transition.
Addressing SDG 1 (No Poverty) Through Philippine Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Delavin Elreen Aguilar
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the role of Philippine higher education institutions (HEIs) in addressing Sustainable Development Goal 1 through education, research, and community engagement. With poverty remaining a critical challenge in the Philippines, HEIs are uniquely positioned to contribute to poverty alleviation by equipping students with relevant skills, conducting research, and fostering sustainable community development programs. However, challenges such as fragmented initiatives, limited interdisciplinary collaboration, and inadequate funding often constrain HEIs' capacity to make a substantial impact. Through analysis of local and international case studies, this chapter identifies best practices for effective poverty reduction in HEIs. Recommendations include fostering long-term community partnerships, developing sustainable funding models, and translating research into actionable policies.
Advancing Sustainable Development Goals With Educational Technology
Authors: Aunzo, Jr. Rodulfo Tumacay
Published: December 2024

STEM education, covering Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, equips students with critical problem-solving skills and prepares them for advanced studies and careers in these fields. Originating from the National Science Foundation's initiative to drive innovation, STEM integrates hands-on, problem-based learning to tackle real-world challenges. Its growing importance aligns with global competitiveness goals, enhancing student readiness for high-tech careers and fueling economic growth. Educational technology plays a key role in this transformation through interactive tools and multimedia resources. However, challenges like resource limitations and teacher training gaps hinder effective integration. Continuous research and professional development are needed to fully harness technology's potential, ensuring it supports educational goals and enhances learning outcomes.
Digital Platforms as Catalysts for Public-Private Partnerships in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Bordoloi Kongkon , Timung Bijoy , Das Acharjya Mohan , Doloi Gargi
Published: December 2024

Digital Platforms have become key enablers in establishing public-private partnerships (PPPs) that are crucial for achieving Sustainable Development goals (SDGs). This book chapter examines how these technologies facilitate collaboration between government, business, and non-profit organizations by improving communication, transparency, and resource distribution. By incorporating tools like data analytics, artificial intelligence, and blockchain, digital platforms can more effectively tackle global issues such as poverty, climate change, and social inequality. This book chapter discusses the obstacles in adopting those technologies and offers strategies for maximizing their potential. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of fully utilizing digital platforms to accelerate sustainable development efforts, drive innovation, and promote fair and inclusive growth across all sectors.
Exploring Faculty Research Engagement
Authors: Mobo Froilan Delute , Cabiles Roldan C.
Published: December 2024

The mission of the Commission for Higher Education (CHED) is to assist in the development of a quality community that can address the social, political, economic, cultural, and ethical problems that impede the nation's human growth and ability to compete internationally. Additionally, it adopts a vertical typology within each horizontal type as well as a horizontal typology based on the functional differentiation of HEIs about service to the nation. The study was conducted at the Central Luzon College of Science and Technology, Philippines during the 1st Semester of Academic Year, 2023-2024. The respondents of the study were 80 fulltime and part-time faculty. The researcher recommends that the faculty maintain high standards in terms of conducting research to comply with international standards.
Microstructure Analysis of the Alloy 625-nTiC Metal-Matrix-Composites Produced by Suction Casting
Authors: Rakoczy Łukasz , Cygan Rafał
Published: December 2024

Alloy 625 is a Ni-based superalloy with the main alloying elements being Nb, Cr, and Mo. It is known for its excellent corrosion resistance, good weldability, both high heat and creep resistance, and good strength. The current work presents the microstructure of Alloy 625-nTiC metal matrix composites (MMC) fabricated through suction casting. The microstructure and chemical composition of strengthening phases were investigated by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that fabricated MMC composites are characterized by a dendritic microstructure with irregular distribution of the strengthening precipitates. Based on chemical composition analysis, the strong enrichment in Nb and Ti was revealed.
The Regression Models of Ultraviolet Rays Effect on Break Strain and Strain at the Ultimate Tensile Strength of Polypropylene Composite Materials
Authors: Fitri Muhamad , Hamid Abdul , Nurhatisyah Nurhatisyah , Romahadi Dedik , Firdaus Andi , Yudhistira Gilang Awan
Published: December 2024

Many types of polymer materials used in engineering are exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light, including automotive components (car bodies, bumpers, dashboards, etc.) which will cause degradation. Some polymers are used in the form of pure polymers and some in the form of composite materials. This study aims to determine the occurrence of degradation in composite materials. This study used polypropylene as a matrix in the composite material sample, while oil palm fiber was used as a reinforcement. This research investigates the degradation of composite materials due to exposure to ultraviolet light. In this research, the degradation of the specimen samples was measured based on changes in Break Strain (BS) and Strain at the Ultimate Tensile Strength (SUTS), related to the length of UV exposure based on 6 different levels of UV exposure, i.e.: 0 hours (UV unexposed), 96 hours, 336 hours, 504 hours, 1008 hours, and 1512 hours. Then the test resulted data was used to generate a strain regression model of BS and SUTS it was obtain from this reaserch that regression model of SUTS is : Y1 = -3.10-9x3 + 7.10-6x2 - 0.0067x + 14.706 with R² = 0.9894 and regression model of BS is : Y2 = 10-8x3 + 2.10-5x2 - 0.0161x + 50.287 with R² = 0.9961. Furthermore, these regression models can be used to predict the maximum strain, of composite materials exposed to UV light for some many time length, which can later be used, to determine the lifetime of the material.
HLEBI (Homogeneous Low Potential Electron Beam Irradiation) Induced Tensile Elongation of 3D Printed Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyamide (3D-SCFRPA66)
Authors: Eiichi Miura , Uchida Helmut Takahiro , Okazaki Taisuke , Sagawa Kouhei , Satoh Fumiya , Irie Hirotaka , Faudree Michael C. , Salvia Michelle , Kimura Hideki , Nishi Yoshitake
Published: December 2024

It is a serious problem that short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 66 (SCFRPA66) cannot be easily shaped by 3D-printing for practical usages. In order to improve on the brittleness, homogeneous low potential electron beam irradiation (HLEBI) to both sides of 3D-SCFRPA66 samples was found to increase strain at tensile strength (εts), corresponding to homogeneous deformation and fracture strain (εf), as well as resistant energy of homogeneous deformation (Ehd), whereas the HLEBI decreased the tensile strength (σts). This improvement in ductility can be explained by lone pair electrons, dangling bond generation, shortening and relaxation of the polymeric chains by the HLEBI.
Effect of Loading Speed on Tensile Property of Single Flax Yarn/Shellac Green Composite Material
Authors: Katogi Hideaki
Published: December 2024

In this study, tensile property of green composite material using single flax yarn and shellac resin under loading speed was investigated for safety of sustainable structural materials. The molding method was compression molding method. Static tensile tests of single flax yarn and green composite material were conducted under constant temperature and humidity room. The test speed was 10-100 mm/min. Following conclusions were obtained. Tensile strength and Young’s modulus of single flax yarn and green composite material increased with an increase of test speed. From fracture observation, large damage of fiber in the green composite material at 10 mm/min and 100 mm/min did not occur after static tensile tests. But damage of fiber in flax yarn was found when static tensile tests of single flax yarns at 10 mm/min and 100 mm/min were conducted. Therefore, the effect of loading speed on tensile property of green composite material might be affected by viscoelasticity of flax fiber and matrix.
Utilization of Recycle LDPE (r-LDPE) Plastic and Galangal Stem Fiber for the Development of 3D Printing Filaments
Authors: Muslimin Muslimin , Syifa Salehati Citra Noya , Nugroho Eko Setijogiarto , Dhiya Luqyna , Azam Milah Muhamad , Triawan Farid , Wan Muhamad Wan Mansor
Published: December 2024

3D printing technology has developed rapidly and has become an increasingly popular manufacturing method. Although various types of 3D printing materials are available, plastic waste as a raw material has become an effort to achieve environmental sustainability. This study aims to increase the strength of 3D printing filaments made from recycled Low-Density Polyethylene (r-LDPE) using galangal stem fiber (A. galanga). This research method includes extruded filaments from the composite. Research variables are the composition of r-LDPE:galangal fiber and barrel temperature. Ratio of r-LDPE:galangal fiber is 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, and 85:15 wt%. The barrel temperatures are 110, 120, and 130°C. The filaments are then used to make tensile test specimens using a 3D printer according to ASTM D638 and tested. SEM and EDS are used to analyze the morphology and composition of the 3D printing results. The experimental results show that the composition of 5% galangal stem fiber with an extrusion temperature of 110°C produces the highest tensile strength of 27.42 MPa at a 3D printing temperature of 230°C, a layer height of 0.28 mm and a print speed of 20 mm/s. The SEM test results show that the filaments vigorously mix between recycled HDPE and galangal stem fibers.
Automatic counting and identification of two Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) morphs with image-recognition artificial intelligence
Authors: Gálvez Salido Aaron , de la Herrán Roberto , Robles Francisca , Ruiz Rejón Carmelo , Navajas-Pérez Rafael
Published: December 2024

Many population biology, ecology, and evolution experiments rely on the accuracy of the classification of individuals and the estimation of size population. The visual classification of vinegar flies, Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae), morphs is a laborious task usually performed by bench workers. Because of the size of the flies and the degree of precision needed to distinguish the morphological features on which the classification is based, the work is performed using a dissecting microscope. Here, we describe a method to automate the counting and identification of two types of vinegar flies, white and wild individuals. Our method is based on the image-recognition artificial intelligence (AI) tool, FlydAI (FlyDetector AI), which proved to correctly classify the flies when high-quality images were used, with a success rate of up to 100% in samples containing up to 200 individuals. This is a significant improvement with respect to preexisting approaches in terms of accuracy and specificity of the morphs detected. Although this tool is exclusively trained to routine lab tasks involving wild and white D. melanogaster, the AI can be easily trained to recognise different vinegar fly mutants and other types of insects of similar size, and its potential in other areas still needs to be explored.
Testing of a Fiber-Optical Sensor System for Rotor Blade HUMS
Authors: Berghammer Florian , Sosa Benedikt , Heuschneider Verena , Yavrucuk Ilkay , Hajek Manfred
Published: December 2024

As a prerequisite for the development of HUMS (health and usage monitoring systems) using blade displacement and sectional force estimation in forward fiight, rotor blades are instrumented with FBG (fiber Bragg grating) sensors at the Institute for Helicopter Technologies & VTOL
at the Technical University of Munich. Utilizing 60 directional strain measurements, it is possible to reproduce the strain field of five sections along the uniform airfoil. Thermographic scan methods and CT (computed tomography) scans are investigated to determine the precise sensor locations
and to reproduce a three-dimensional model. Improvements can be seen when comparing results obtained from static deformation tests. In addition, sectional stiffness terms are derived, and an experimental modal analysis is carried out. With the scope of state observation on the MERIT (Munich
Experimental Rotor Investigation Testbed) test rig at the TU Munich a measurement environment is established using an optical data transmission to extract strain signals from the rotating system. The first investigations show the potential of optical strain measurements in the rotating systems
for various applications.
Vitamin D Levels and Clinical Outcomes in Saudi Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Babukur Rami , Al Sayer Norah Ahmad , Alrudaini Sali Hamza , Badi Ahmed Abdullah , Al Otaibi Waad , Al Azmi Nadia Salama , Alkathem Jafar Ali , Alawad Fatema Hani , Alhodibi Mostafa
Published: December 2024

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is increasingly prevalent in Saudi Arabia, where a possible link between Vitamin D deficiency and MS progression has emerged. Vitamin D, known for its role in bone health and immune function, is typically obtained from sunlight and diet. Saudi Arabia’s unique geographical and cultural context, characterised by high sun exposure but limited direct sunlight interaction, makes this link particularly intriguing to explore.

Objectives:

This study aims to investigate the relationship between Vitamin D levels and MS progression in Saudi Arabia. It focuses on assessing Vitamin D status amongst MS patients and determining its correlation with disease severity. In addition, the study seeks to explore the potential therapeutic benefits of Vitamin D supplementation in managing MS.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to August 2023 amongst Saudi MS patients. The study utilised a questionnaire covering sociodemographic, Vitamin D intake and levels and MS severity, assessed using the Expanded Disability Status Scale.

Results:

The survey revealed that 72% of MS patients in Saudi Arabia suffer from Vitamin D deficiency. There was a significant correlation between lower Vitamin D levels and increased MS severity, indicated by higher relapse rates and accelerated disability progression.

Conclusion:

The study highlights a substantial link between Vitamin D deficiency and MS progression in Saudi Arabia. It suggests that Vitamin D supplementation could positively impact disease progression and improve patient quality of life, advocating for further research in this area.
Socio-economic Factors and Access to Neurological Care in Rural Areas of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Alkathem Jafar Ali , Alenazi Amerah Fahad , Aljarid Manar Yahya , Alsayyali Joury Majed , Alqudihi Maryam Bassim , Alhejji Amani Anwar , Alharbi Abdulelah Ghazi , Fatani Dania Ismail , Alghamdi Shaima Fayez N. , Almulhim Faisal Nawaf , Altuwairqi Enas Ataullah , Alghamdi Renad Saad Manez , Alhodibi Mostafa Habeeb
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Equitable access to timely healthcare is crucial, especially for chronic conditions like neurological disorders. This study examined how socio-economic determinants impact rural Saudis’ access and waiting times for neurological care.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey recruited 987 participants from rural areas across Saudi Arabia. Data on demographics, healthcare utilisation patterns, affordability, satisfaction and waiting times were collected through a validated questionnaire. Descriptive analysis characterised responses, whereas bivariate tests examined associations between variables.

Results:

The sample comprised mostly females aged 18–24 years with secondary education. Unemployment and annual incomes below SAR 20,000 were common. Over 40% rarely visited facilities for care. On average, 40.9% received appointments within 1–2 months. Financial challenges, lack of insurance coverage and low care accessibility/satisfaction levels were reported. Higher educational attainment, full-time employment and annual incomes above SAR 60,000 significantly correlated with better access (P < 0.001). Education, employment status and income are also associated with the timeliness of receiving appointments (P < 0.001). Waiting periods exceeded 2 months for 12.7% and over 60% experienced delays.

Conclusion:

Socio-economic disadvantages such as unemployment, low incomes and lower education posed barriers to accessing timely neurological care in rural Saudi communities. Disparities in both care utilisation and waiting times based on socio-economic characteristics highlight inequities. Targeted policy measures are needed to reduce financial barriers, educate underserved groups, boost affordability, streamline appointment systems and promote healthcare equity across all populations.
Efficacy of Pharmacological Treatments in Managing Generalised Anxiety Disorder among Adults in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Alharthi Abdulaziz Matar , Alotaibi Rana Abdulmohsen , Alasmari Ahmed Mohammed , Alzabdawi Sharifah Ahmed , Asaeed Imtinan Jafar , Alshuqayfi Sarah Mousa , Alzahuf Shuruq , Alharthi Aliyah Matar , Alhodibi Mostafa
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is a significant mental health concern characterised by excessive and uncontrollable worry about everyday activities. Despite its prevalence, there is a scarcity of research on pharmacological management strategies for GAD, particularly within the Saudi Arabian context. This study aims to address this gap by identifying and evaluating the most commonly used pharmacological strategies among Saudi adults. It assesses the effectiveness of these strategies, examines factors influencing their choice and explores the prevalence and impact of adverse effects associated with them.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study employed stratified random sampling to select a representative sample of adults aged 18 years and older from various regions of Saudi Arabia. Participants provided data through self-administered questionnaires, which included information on sociodemographic characteristics, GAD symptoms, pharmacological strategies utilised, their effectiveness and any adverse effects. The study’s analytical approach encompassed statistical methods such as correlation, regression and Chi-square tests, aiming to uncover relationships and patterns among the collected data, particularly focusing on treatment efficacy and the occurrence of adverse effects.

Results:

The study findings revealed a demographic skew towards young adults (18–24 years), predominantly female, with a majority diagnosed with GAD and experiencing symptoms for < 6 months. A notable willingness to seek professional help was observed. The most commonly used pharmacological strategy was classified as ‘others’, with a high satisfaction rate among users. Adverse effects were infrequent, with a minority experiencing them frequently. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors demonstrated the highest mean improvement in GAD symptoms, indicating their effectiveness. The study also highlighted the significance of considering medication side effects, particularly for individuals more prone to adverse events.

Conclusion:

The research offers insightful contributions to understanding pharmacological strategies for managing GAD symptoms in the adult population of Saudi Arabia. The results underscore the importance of personalised treatment plans, taking into account the efficacy and side effect profiles of medications. These insights are crucial for healthcare professionals in formulating evidence-based treatment guidelines and improving patient outcomes. Furthermore, the findings highlight the areas for future research, particularly in optimising treatment strategies for GAD considering individual patient needs and responses to therapy.
Impact of Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Post-operative Infection Rates in Saudi Arabian Joint Replacement Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Slais Hassan Ali , Alhezam Yousef Ibrahim , Khuraidah Hassan Ali , Mosaqlab Mohammed Abdulaziz , Alshahrani Mubarak Mohammed , Al Melhem Melhem Abdullah , Nahi Hussain Ali Bin , Almukhlifi Ayman Shabab Mohammed , Aleid Abbas Fadeil , Albinsaad Loai Saleh
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The prevalence of joint replacement surgeries has been increasing globally, including in Saudi Arabia. A major concern is the high rate of post-operative complications, especially infections, which can significantly impact patient outcomes. This study aims to evaluate and determine the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing post-operative infections after joint replacement surgery in the Saudi Arabian population. This research hypothesises that appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis will significantly reduce the incidence of post-operative infections, with factors such as diabetes, obesity and smoking being associated with an increased risk of infections.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Al-Hassa region of Saudi Arabia. The study population comprised Saudi patients who had undergone joint replacement surgery, with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria ensuring a focused and relevant sample. The sample size, calculated based on Saudi Arabia’s population, aims to achieve a 95% confidence level. Data were collected through a review of medical records and patient interviews using a validated questionnaire focusing on demographic factors and health-related variables, including antibiotic usage.

Results:

The findings revealed a high incidence of post-operative infections despite adherence to antibiotic prophylaxis. This was observed even with substantial patient compliance and proper instruction on antibiotic use. Notably, the study found a significant correlation between health-related factors such as diabetes, obesity and smoking and increased infection rates. The presence of antibiotic resistance was also associated with a higher incidence of post-operative infections.

Conclusion:

In summary, the study illuminates the complexities of managing post-operative infections in joint replacement surgeries within the Saudi Arabian context. The findings suggest the need for a re-evaluation of current antibiotic protocols and patient education methods. This study fills a crucial gap in existing literature, offering new perspectives on antibiotic resistance and patient education. It underscores the importance of personalised patient care and highlights potential areas for future research, particularly in populations with prevalent health-related risk factors. These insights are crucial for enhancing patient outcomes and advancing medical practices in the field of joint replacement surgeries.
Assessing the Underdiagnosis of Allergic Rhinitis Correlations with Asthma and Quality of Life in Saudi Paediatric Populations: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Aleid Kawthar Mohammed , Alhawsawi Kawther Ibrahim , Mutaen Amani Ahmed , Alzamil Razan Fahad , Rajhi Shahad Ahmed , Alzahrani Ftoon Maedh , Alkhars Ola Ahmad
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent condition worldwide, affecting a significant proportion of children and adolescents. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence and impact of AR on school-aged children’s quality of life (QoL) remain underexplored. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the prevalence of AR, identifying associated factors and evaluating its impact on the physical, social and psychological well-being of children. We hypothesise that a family history of AR is a significant risk factor and that there is a negative correlation between the severity of AR symptoms and QoL.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study design was employed to assess the prevalence of AR among school-aged children in Saudi Arabia and its impact on their QoL. Children aged 6–12 years were randomly selected from various schools, ensuring a diverse sample. Structured questionnaires were used to collect the data on demographic characteristics, AR symptoms, family medical history and QoL. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, correlation and regression analysis, were conducted using advanced software. Ethical standards were upheld throughout the study, with appropriate approvals and data quality assurance measures in place.

Results:

Our study found that 53.4% of participants experienced AR symptoms occasionally and 19.2% were diagnosed by healthcare professionals. A significant association between AR and family history was identified (P < 0.001), with environmental triggers reported by 60.3% of participants. The condition notably impacted academic performance, sleep and social interactions. Contrasts with existing studies on environmental allergens and their effects on AR symptoms revealed variability in individual reactions and immunological responses.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the high prevalence of AR amongst school-aged children in Saudi Arabia and its considerable impact on their daily functioning and QoL. The significant association with family history and the variability in reactions to environmental allergens underscore the need for more vigilant AR management and tailored public health interventions. Future research should adopt longitudinal designs to better establish causality and minimise bias, focusing on clinically diagnosed AR populations to enhance findings’ specificity. Our findings provide a critical foundation for improving AR management strategies and QoL for children in Saudi Arabia.
Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and Its Impact on Asthma Incidence in Saudi Children: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alkathem Jafar Ali , Alnfaiei Joudi Sayyaf , Alzahrani Amal Abdullah , Alamri Mohammed Fehaid , Almushadag Razan Abdulbaset , Alkatheeri Saba Hussain , Rajab Lujain Hamdi , Ahmed Rufaida Alhafiz Alsayed M.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a known risk factor for childhood asthma. However, research in the Middle Eastern context remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between maternal smoking and asthma in Saudi children using a cross-sectional design. It also assessed relationships based on smoking frequency, exposure to second-hand smoke and specific pregnancy trimesters.

Methods:

A sample of 1477 mothers and their children was recruited from primary healthcare centres in Saudi Arabia. Data on maternal demographics, smoking behaviours during and after pregnancy and childhood asthma diagnoses were collected through questionnaires. Binary logistic regression analysed associations between maternal smoking variables and child asthma outcomes.

Results:

Overall, 16.5% of mothers reported ever smoking and 7.5% were current smokers. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of childhood asthma (P < 0.001). Exposure to second-hand smoke was also associated with an increased risk of asthma (P < 0.001). Smoking in the first (P < 0.001), second (P < 0.001) and third (P < 0.001) trimesters each significantly correlated with childhood asthma. A dose–response relationship was observed, with higher smoking frequencies linked to greater asthma odds. Factors such as education on smoking risks and cessation support were limited.

Conclusion:

The study revealed maternal smoking as a significant risk factor for childhood asthma in Saudi Arabia. Risks increased based on smoking during specific pregnancy periods and higher daily cigarette amounts. Exposure to second-hand smoke also impacted asthma outcomes. Efforts to educate expectant mothers, implement policies to restrict indoor smoking and provide greater smoking cessation support could help reduce future asthma prevalence in Saudi youth. Larger prospective cohorts are needed to reinforce these findings.
Surgical Site Infections and Post-operative Health: A Cross-sectional Study amongst Surgical Patients in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aleid Abbas Fadeil , Althobaiti Hanan Sulaiman , Alzahrani Mohammed Naif , Almarhabi Mohammed Ali , Shubayli Zakaria Yahya , Albeheiri Latifah Abdulrahman , Alkhmis Zainab Baqer , Alshahrani Abdulaziz Amer , Alkathem Jafar Ali , Alessa Mohammed Yousef
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Surgical site infections (SSIs) represent frequent and significant post-operative complications, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. These infections also have adverse effects on the overall quality of life of affected patients. This research is essential considering the substantial impact of SSIs on healthcare outcomes and resource utilisation, highlighting the need for effective preventive measures as well as to assess the prevalence of SSIs amongst surgical patients in Saudi Arabia and explore the association between SSIs and post-operative morbidity and mortality.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted between January 2023 and August 2023 amongst a cohort of Saudi surgical patients. A comprehensive questionnaire was designed to collect data from 1219 participants. The study population primarily consisted of individuals aged 18–24 years, with a relatively even distribution of gender. The questionnaire focussed on identifying the presence of SSIs and grading the severity of post-operative complications experienced by the participants. Various statistical analyses, including correlation tests, regression models and Chi-square tests, were employed to evaluate the relationship between SSIs and post-operative outcomes.

Results:

The study’s participants included 1219 surgical patients, with the majority falling within the 18–24-year age range (57.1%). The data revealed varying degrees of post-operative complications amongst those who had experienced SSIs. Most notably, a robust and statistically significant association was observed between the presence of SSIs and multiple facets of post-operative mortality.

Conclusions:

The findings of this study shed light on the pressing challenges posed by SSIs within the healthcare landscape of Saudi Arabia. These challenges encompass increased severity of complications, additional medical interventions, extended hospital stays and a notable negative impact on patients’ quality of life. Addressing these issues is paramount not only for enhancing patient care but also for guiding policy formulation and optimising surgical practices in Saudi Arabia. This research underscores the significance of developing and implementing effective strategies to prevent SSIs and improve overall surgical outcomes.
Comparative Analysis of Inpatient and Outpatient Stroke Rehabilitation Programs in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alshakhs Zahra Maroof , Alohali Rema Mohammed , Alshakhs Mohammed Afif , Alanazi Rayan Fahad , Alarifi Ahmad Ibrahim , Alshargi Maryam Atiah , Alkathem Jafar Ali , Alhodibi Mostafa Habeeb
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide. Rehabilitation plays a pivotal role in improving functionality and quality of life for stroke survivors. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the outcomes and implications of inpatient and outpatient stroke rehabilitation programmes in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study recruited 1551 participants from hospitals and clinics across Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire assessing demographics, rehabilitation experiences, functional outcomes, satisfaction levels, cost-effectiveness and impact on daily living. Descriptive analysis characterised the sample. Statistical tests examined associations between variables.

Results:

The sample comprised individuals aged 18–65 years old from diverse educational and employment backgrounds. Participants reported significant functional improvements in mobility, activities of daily living, speech and pain management through the rehabilitation programmes. A statistically significant association was found between programme participation and enhanced functional outcomes. While overall satisfaction levels were positive, concerns emerged regarding scheduling difficulties, financial burdens and disruptions to work/social life. Transportation costs, additional care services and out-of-pocket expenses posed challenges. Over 60% experienced financial hardships and 13.5% deemed rehabilitation not worth the investment.

Conclusion:

The study revealed that inpatient and outpatient stroke rehabilitation programmes in Saudi Arabia effectively improve functional abilities and quality of life. However, concerns were raised about their cost-effectiveness and affordability for some patients. Transportation barriers, high indirect costs and employment impacts require consideration. While the majority found rehabilitation worthwhile, policy efforts should focus on enhancing accessibility, flexibility and financial support structures to promote equitable care. Further research assessing care delivery models, expenses and optimisation strategies can help address current limitations and maximise programme benefits for stroke survivors.
Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Vocal Cord Nodules amongst Professional Voice Users in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alsulami Fahad Awadh Allah , Alshakhs Mohammed Afif , Altaymani Sadeem Ahmed , Ali Khalid Mamdouh , Alqahtani Abdulrahman , Abdo Ahmad , Alfarhoud Retaj Sanad , Alawad Fatema Hani , Alyahya Khalid Abdultaif
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Vocal cord nodules are non-cancerous growths causing hoarseness and raspiness, particularly prevalent amongst professional voice users. Despite their significance, there are limited data on their epidemiology and clinical characteristics in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the prevalence and associated factors of vocal cord nodules amongst this demographic. The study’s objectives are to determine the prevalence of vocal cord nodules amongst professional voice users in Saudi Arabia, investigate associated factors, explore clinical presentations and assess their impact on voice quality and life.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study conducted from July 2023 to September 2023 in Saudi Arabia, the research targeted professional voice users diagnosed with vocal cord nodules who had received treatment. Inclusion criteria were a confirmed diagnosis and treatment history, whereas exclusion criteria involved other significant vocal cord pathologies or cognitive impairments. Data were collected through a specialised questionnaire.

Results:

Findings indicate that regular vocal warm-up exercises lower the risk of vocal cord nodules. A significant correlation (P = 0.006) was observed between the duration of vocal cord usage and nodule prevalence, with <2 h of daily use linked to lower prevalence. However, no significant association (P = 0.504) was found between participation in vocal training and nodule occurrence.

Conclusion:

The study identifies key factors associated with vocal cord nodules in Saudi Arabian professional voice users, highlighting the duration of vocal cord usage as a significant risk factor. These insights are crucial for preventive medicine, emphasising the need for tailored vocal health management strategies.
The impact of nutritional status on treatment-related toxicities in children with embryonal brain tumors: The need for proactive nutritional management
Authors: Prasad Maya , Chheda Ekta C , Vora Tushar , Gupta Tejpal , Chinnaswamy Girish
Published: December 2024

Background:

Children on treatment for brain tumor are at high risk of malnutrition and have significant treatment-related toxicities. However, the impact of nutritional status on outcome and toxicity is not well understood.

Aim:

The objective of this study of children with embryonal brain tumor treated at our center was to understand the impact of nutritional status on treatment-related toxicities.

Materials and Methods:

We undertook this retrospective audit using a risk-stratified protocol between January 2017 and December 2018. Undernutrition was defined as severe or moderate malnutrition as per the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Nutritional status was assessed, and treatment-related toxicity (TRT) and survival rates were analyzed in relation to nutritional status at diagnosis and follow-up.

Statistical Analysis Used:

IBM SPSS for Windows, Version 24.0.

Results:

In the cohort of 72 patients with embryonal brain tumors, 64% were undernourished (UN) at the start of chemotherapy, and 2.7% were overweight. At the end of chemotherapy, 61% were UN. During the course of chemotherapy, weight gain was documented in 25% and weight loss in 23.8%. Although chemotherapy toxicity and infection were higher in UN children with medulloblastoma, this was not statistically significant. Both overweight children experienced TRT; one relapsed and subsequently died. Nutritional status did not affect survival rates.

Conclusions:

Children with embryonal brain tumor are at high nutritional risk, and undernutrition may worsen treatment-related toxicities. Proactive nutritional monitoring and intervention are needed in settings with a high prevalence of malnutrition and infections.
Comparative evaluation of reinforcing effect of three different intra-orifice barriers on pericervical dentin of endodontically treated teeth: An in vitro study
Authors: Thota Keerthi Sri , Bhavya K. Lakshmi , Sreeha K. , Deshpande Sudhendra , Javvadi Jahnavi , Avina Arjampudi
Published: December 2024

Aims:

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth using three different intra-orifice barriers.

Settings and Design:

This study was conducted at the department of conservative dentistry and endodontics, an in vitro study.

Subjects and Methods:

Forty freshly extracted single-rooted mandibular bicuspids (n = 40) were decoronated to obtain a 14-mm standard root length and all the canals were enlarged with ProTaper up to size F3 and they were obturated with gutta-percha using AH Plus sealer and randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10). Group I: Control group obturated with gutta-percha only. Groups II, III, and IV had placement of intra-orifice barriers after the removal of 3-mm coronal gutta-percha such that Group II: Ever X posterior; Group III: Beautifil II; and Group IV: Tetric N-Ceram. Mounting of specimens was done in acrylic resin to expose coronal 3 mm and tested using the universal testing machine.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data were analyzed for significance by ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test.

Results:

Ever X posterior group showed better fracture resistance and the control group is the least among the groups.

Conclusions:

Placement of intra-orifice barriers significantly improves the fracture resistance compared with the control group.
Comparative evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of N-acetylcysteine, Aegle marmelos, and chitosan as intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm – An in vitro study
Authors: Subiksha Kannan , Jena Amit , Sarangi Priyanka , Mohanty Saumyakanta , Sahoo Sajan , Mallick Rashmi Rekha
Published: December 2024

Context:

The main objective of root canal treatment is the removal of bacteria. Established medicaments and their combinations have been compromised in efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis, causing the need to explore novel intracanal medicaments.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of chitosan, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and Aegle marmelos as intracanal medicaments against E. faecalis biofilm.

Materials and Methodology:

Minimum inhibitory concentration and susceptibility of medicaments determined. Two hundred and forty dentin disc specimens were prepared and inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days. Samples were divided into four groups (A – N-acetylcysteine; B – Aegle marmelos; C – Chitosan; D –Control) (n = 60), and two subgroups (n = 30) based on the duration of medicament placed (subgroup 1: 24 h, subgroup 2: 7 days). Thereafter, dentinal shavings were retrieved, incubated in agar plate, visible colonies counted, and statistically analyzed.

Results:

At 24 h Group C1 exhibited the lowest CFUs, followed by Group A1, Group B, and Group D1. On the 7th day, Group B2 showed the lowest CFUs, followed by Group A2, Group C2, and Group D2.

Conclusions:

Against E. faecalis, NAC has the highest antimicrobial properties closely followed by Aegle marmelos and both provide promising novel possibilities for use as intracanal medicaments.
Conservative Management of Invasive Cervical Resorption: A Case Report
Authors: Algarni Youssef Abdullah
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

“Invasive cervical resorption” (ICR) is a disorder that impacts the region of root surface that is present below the level of attachment of epithelium. Clinically, it manifests as a pink stain on the cervical part of the tooth. It may be due to visualization of the densely vascularized granular tissue across the resorbed structure of the tooth. The invasive defect should be made visible, the granulation tissue should be removed, and the defect should be sealed using a variety of restorative materials. In this report, a patient who presented with trauma related Class II ICR in the cervical region of the left second premolar of the maxilla was treated conservatively. It was shown that patients who are reluctant to undergo surgery or in whom surgery is not recommended could be treated with this conservative approach to stop the advancement of ICR.