bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of different set of electrodes for degradation of distillery spent wash promoted by electrocoagulation
Authors: Shanmukha N. T. , Vinayaka M. , Lokeshappa B.
Published: September 2024

One of the most polluting industries in the world is the distillery industry, which produces strong distillery wastewater that has an adverse impact on the environment since it contains high organic matter. Using various combinations of electrodes in the electrocoagulation process, to examined the operational variables, viz., total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC) and turbidity from the distillery spent wash. With a constant pH of 7, an agitation speed of 500 RPM, and optimizing the operating parameters, viz., varying the electrode distance (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 cm), voltage (5–25 volts) current density of 1.5 A/cm2, and electrolysis time (30–150 min). Aluminium (Al) electrodes were observed to perform slightly better than iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) electrodes, with punched Al electrodes outperforming plane Al electrodes. The highest removal efficiencies were achieved with punched Al electrodes in an optimized condition of voltage 25 volts, electrode distance (2 cm), and electrolysis time 150 minutes, with removal efficiencies of 91% for TDS, 92% for EC and 92% for turbidity. This study highlights the potential of electrocoagulation with optimized parameters for improving the purification of distillery spent wash and enhancing the removal of TDS, EC, and turbidity.
“El dios cansado”: la muerte de dios y el triunfo de la poesía en la escritura de José María Eguren
Authors: Vargas Canchanya Martín
Published: September 2024

This article analyzes the religious subtext of “El dios cansado”, one of the best-known poems by José María Eguren (1874-1942). The analysis focuses on the representation of the divine in this text and the multiple enunciative operations from which a critique of the image of the Christian divinity is formulated. Within the framework of a reflection on nihilism and the crisis of enlightened rationalism, it tries to demonstrate how in the analyzed poem Eguren’s writing assumes the Nietzschean topic of the death of God to reinterpret the image of the divine, reveal the inconsistency of the hegemonic discourses and reconsider the place of poetic saying in front of the sacred.
Multiplex PCR System for the Diagnosis of Plague
Authors: Wang Wenfang , Zhang Xiaoxue , Yu Hui , Wang Zhanli
Published: September 2024

The plague caused by Yersinia pestis has a high case fatality rate. It is often
transmitted from person to person through mosquito bites, causing serious disease
transmission. Due to its clinical symptoms being very similar to influenza, it is difficult
to detect by people. Traditional detection methods for Y. pestis mainly include bacterial
culture and serological identification, which are cumbersome and require high
experimental conditions. Therefore, a fast and effective detection method is very
important. At present, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of the methods for rapid
detection of Y. pestis. In this review, we focus on the application, advantages, and
disadvantages of multiplex PCR technology in clinical detection.
Rapid Detection of Soil Available Phosphorus using Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection
Authors: Gao Jun , Li Wei , Li Jiaoe , Wang Rujing
Published: September 2024

Background:

In China, the traditional method for analyzing soil available phospho-rus is inadequate for large-scale soil assessment and nationwide soil formulation demands. To address this, we propose a rapid and reliable method for soil-available phosphorus detection. The setup includes an on-site rapid pre-treatment device, a non-contact conductivity detection device, and a capillary electrophoresis buffer solution system composed of glacial acetic acid and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin.

Methods:

The on-site rapid pre-treatment process includes fresh soil moisture content detec-tion (moisture rapid detector), weighing (handheld weighing meter), stirring (handheld rapid stirrer), and filtration (soil rapid filter) to obtain the liquid sample, and direct injection (capil-lary electrophoresis detector). The phosphate ion detection parameters include capillary size, separation voltage, injection parameters, and electric injection. We used Liaoning brown soil, Henan yellow tidal soil, Heilongjiang black soil, and Anhui tidal soil as standard samples. Additionally, we used mathematical modeling methods and machine learning algorithms to analyze and process research data.

Results and Conclusion:

Following calibration with standard samples, the experimental blind test samples demonstrated conformity with the national standard method, exhibiting a relative standard deviation of less than 3%. The proposed pre-treatment device and non-contact con-ductivity detector are powered by lithium-ion batteries, rendering them ideal for extended field operations. The non-contact conductivity detector obviates the need for direct contact with test samples, mitigating environmental pollution. Furthermore, the neural network model exhibited the highest level of goodness of fit in chemical data analysis.
Novel N-Substituted Isatin-Oxoindolin-1H-Benzo[D] Imidazole Fumarate as a New Class of JNK3 Inhibitor: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Modeling and its Biological Activity
Authors: Al-Mahadeen Mohammed M. , Jaber Areej M. , Al-Najjar Belal O. , Khanfar Monther A. , El-Abadelah Mustafa M.
Published: September 2024

Background:

A direct synthesis of functionalized dimethyl fumarate derivatives of 2-(2-((E)-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl) is achieved via one-pot reac-tion involving 2-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole and appropriate isatin in the presence of DMAD.

Methods:

Conversely, this one-pot reaction furnished, upon conduction at 60 o C, the 2-(2-((E)-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl) products. The biological activities were evaluated against JNK3 kinase. We chose to dock the compounds into the JNK3 binding site in order to comprehend the molecular underpinnings of the observed bioactivities.

Results:

The structures of the synthesized compound adduct were evidenced from NMR and MS spectral data and further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The biological activities revealing that the introduction of an alkyl group at the 1-position of the isatin moiety produced JNK3 inhibitors with IC50 values in the low micromolar range.

Conclusion:

This study synthesized a unique compound using a three-component method. Com-pound 4d showed high antitumor activity (IC50 = 6.5 μM) against JNK3 inhibitors, while com-pounds 4c, 4d, and 4f exhibited high selectivity. The research highlights the effectiveness of the one-pot reaction in creating medically useful hybrid compounds, marking a significant advance in medicinal chemistry.
Ratiometric Fluorescent Probes for Copper Ion Detection and Cuproptosis Studies
Authors: Huang Yongbao , Wang Zhengjia , Feng Fengfeng , Wang Yan , Zhu Ruofei , Zhang Xiaolei , Zhang Sai , Qu Minghai , Yang Fan
Published: September 2024

This study reviews the latest progress of ratiometric fluorescent probes of copper ions
from 2022 till now. As a key trace element in biological systems, copper ions play an important role
in a variety of biological processes. However, the abnormal change in copper ion concentration is
closely related to a variety of diseases, so the development of highly sensitive and highly selective
copper ion detection methods is of great significance for scientific research and clinical diagnosis. In
this paper, we first introduced the classification of copper ion fluorescence probes, including molecular
sensors based on five-membered azocycles, six-membered azocycles, imide groups (R2C=NR'),
oxygen and nitrogen functional groups (such as ethers, aldehydes, ketones, esters, carboxylic acids
and hydroxyl groups) and group ⅥA elements. Subsequently, the application of nanosensors in the
detection of copper ions is further discussed, especially the nanosensors in which copper is used as a
reactant, catalyst or alternative reaction. Finally, the current research status of copper ion fluorescence
probes is summarized, and the future development direction is prospected in order to provide
reference and inspiration for the design of new high-efficiency copper ion detection tools.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Povidone-Iodine with Mupirocin in Decolo-nizing Staphylococcus aureus from the Nasal Cavity of Healthcare Work-ers: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Abolghasemi Sara , Ghazi Mona , Ziaie Shadi , Mahboubi Arash , Gachkar Latif , Keyvanfar Amirreza , Naeimipoor Mohammad
Published: September 2024

Background:

Nasal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus increases the risk of nosocom-ial infections. Therefore, medications that can decolonize this pathogen can help prevent such infec-tions.

Objective:

Our study aimed to compare the efficacy of povidone-iodine solution with intranasal mupi-rocin ointment in decolonizing S. aureus from the nasal cavity of healthcare workers.

Methods:

This single-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted on healthcare workers car-rying S. aureus nasally. After confirming nasal colonization through culture tests, participants were assigned to intervention groups A and B with an allocation ratio of 1:1. Group A received intranasal mupirocin ointment twice daily for five days, while group B received intranasal povidone-iodine so-lution twice daily for five days. After the decolonization period, samples were taken to compare the efficacy of both interventions in decolonizing S. aureus.

Results:

In this study, 54 healthcare workers with a mean age of 39.37±7.80 years were included, 42.6% and 57.4% of whom were male and female, respectively. They were randomly assigned to each of the intervention groups. After the intervention, individuals who received povidone-iodine had significantly more positive cultures than those who received mupirocin (37.0% vs. 11.1%, P = 0.026). Additionally, factors such as age, gender, wards, and employment duration may affect the efficacy of mupirocin and povidone-iodine in decolonizing S. aureus from the nasal cavity.

Conclusion:

The study findings revealed that both mupirocin and povidone-iodine were effective in decolonizing S. aureus from nasal carriers. However, mupirocin was more effective compared with povidone-iodine.
Effectiveness of Acupuncture for Infertility in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Yumi , Xiao QiWei , Wang ShouDong , Xu HuanFang , Fang YiGong
Published: September 2024

Objective:

This study employs a network meta-analysis method to investigate the
clinical effectiveness of acupuncture in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) experiencing
infertility.

Methods:

Prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of clomiphene citrate (CC) and letrozole
(LE) combined with acupuncture in PCOS infertility patients were identified through
computerized searches in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library,
China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and Chongqing VIP
Database. The search period was set from inception until August 1, 2023, with no language restrictions.
Two researchers screened articles, extracted data, and independently assessed the risk
of bias in eligible trials. Data were analyzed and visualized using the R software gemtc package.
With patients with medication treatment only set as controls, a meta-analysis was performed to
investigate the difference in the pregnancy outcomes of the PCOS patients following medication
amalgamated with different acupuncture treatments, namely, manual acupuncture (MA), electroacupuncture
(EA), and warm acupuncture (WA).

Results:

The serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) did not exhibit significant
changes following acupuncture treatments. Notably, acupuncture-based medication treatment
significantly reduced serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and elevated the testosterone
(T) concentrations of patients when compared to medication treatment alone. Patients
also showed significantly escalated serum estradiol (E2) levels after receiving CC integrated
with acupuncture than those given monotherapy of CC. The combined regimen of medication
and acupuncture appeared to improve the pregnancy outcomes compared to the monotherapy of
medication, as evidenced by the significantly increased success rate of pregnancy. Furthermore,
the treatment combination of CC plus WA and LE plus MA yielded the highest probability of
achieving the best pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusion:

For PCOS infertility patients, acupuncture, as a complementary treatment to CC
and LE, holds advantages in improving reproductive hormone levels and enhancing pregnancy
success rates. The highest probability of achieving the best pregnancy outcomes is associated
with the treatment combination of CC with WA and LE with MA.
Ameliorative Effect of Herbal Medicine in the Management of Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Babu Sucharita , Ranjit Santosh K , Pattnaik Gurudutta , Ghosh Goutam , Rath Goutam , Kar Biswakanth
Published: September 2024

Reactive oxygen species production, inflammation, an elevated serum profile, mitochondrial
dysfunction, and up-regulation of proapoptotic mediators are the main mechanisms
underlying chemotherapy-related hepatotoxicity, which results in hepatocyte disorders such as
hepatitis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis. The article aims to examine a prospective herbal remedy
and its bioactive ingredients in terms of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic
capabilities, which offer superior protection against liver damage during chemotherapy administration.
Plants including Silybum marianun, Nelumbo nucifera, Phyllanthus amarus, Plumbago
zeylanica, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Citrus limon, and Nigella sativa may have hepatoprotective properties,
according to the author. Last but not least, this will give aspiring scientists new
knowledge for natural-based development in mitigating liver damage caused by chemotherapy
medications.
Navigating Sustainable Electrical Waste Management in India: Overcoming Hurdles for a Greener Future
Authors: Singh Shweta , Singh S. N. , Tiwari A.N.
Published: September 2024

In many countries, the public's ignorance and governmental restrictions provide significant
obstacles for the e-waste management industry. As a result, maintaining the ecosystem presents
several difficulties. Due to the limited lifespan of appliances like refrigerators, telephones,
and televisions, there is a noticeable increase in e-waste when this equipment is replaced. This
emphasizes how important it is to manage e-waste consistently and effectively.

India's increasing worldwide influence is consistent with its status as the world's largest manufacturer
and user of technological products. This highlights how urgent it is to solve the issue of ewaste,
which has a significant influence on resource preservation, public health, the environment,
and India's economic situation.

This thorough analysis explores the world of e-waste in detail, emphasizing the dangerous components
of e-waste and their negative impacts on the environment and human health. It covers the
administration of electrical and electronic equipment in both developed and developing countries,
emphasizing methods to promote the circular economy, encourage component reuse, and increase
productivity.
Design and Performance Evaluation of a Novel Vascular Interventional Surgery Robot
Authors: Mao Zhijie , Zhu Huba , Wei Juean , He Zhuowei , Li Zonglun , Yang Jingjing
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Minimally invasive interventional surgical robots are used as delivery
tools to assist healthcare professionals with medical devices such as micro guidewires and microcatheters
during surgical treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular obstruction, thus reducing
surgical fatigue and radiation for healthcare professionals.

Method:

In this paper, a new vascular interventional surgical robot with multiple degrees of freedom
is designed, its mechanism principle and movement mode is discussed in detail, and a prototype
prototype is fabricated to make it simulate and reproduce the doctor's hand movements.

Results:

Through Abaqus simulation and platform experiments, the performance of the surgical
robot is evaluated and analyzed from the perspectives of micro guidewire delivery displacement
accuracy and radial clamping force for its high accuracy, high reliability, and safety.

Conclusion:

The results demonstrate that its surgical robot meets the requirements of providing
vessel wall overload protection while the microcatheter delivery positioning accuracy error is less
than 1 mm.
Intranasal Nanoemulsion: A Promising Approach for the Management of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Jurel Priyanka , Bahadur Shiv , Bajpai Meenakshi
Published: September 2024

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative syndrome defined by the deterioration
of dopamine neurons, showing a loss of motor activity. The treatment of PD is still challenging despite
the development of numerous management techniques. Blood-brain Barrier (BBB) provides
limited access to drug transport, being a major limiting factor in the treatment of Central Nervous
System (CNS) disorders. Further, the major challenges in neurodegenerative diseases are low bioavailability
and side effects. Intranasal drug delivery has become increasingly accessible for the
treatment of several CNS disorders, including PD. The nasal cavity has direct access to the brain
and drugs may be delivered at the site of action by bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Therapeutic
molecules could be directly delivered to the brain through the olfactory region in the nasal cavity;
further, the first-pass effects of drugs could also be eliminated. Several novel and promising developments
in non-invasive approaches have been revealed for brain targeting by the nasal route.
Among them, Nanoemulsions (NEs)-based drug delivery has been most widely explored, which
can assist in several significant issues, such as limited BBB permeability, limited solubility, poor
bioavailability, limited onset of action, and less enzymatic degradation. Several research reports
have indicated intranasal NEs to have potential brain-targeting abilities, which may be widely explored
for the treatment of PD. Therefore, the present review article has focused on the current scenario
of intranasal NEs for the management of PD, with recent outcomes outlined through various
research studies.
Acetylcholine and Depression: Scrutinizing Future Therapeutic Targets for Novel Drug Development
Authors: Pannu Arzoo , Goyal Ramesh K.
Published: September 2024

Depression, a pervasive and disabling mental health disorder, presents a global healthcare
challenge. Despite persistent research on its etiology and pathophysiology, many aspects remain
unclear. Predominant neurobiological research and traditional pharmacotherapies have pointed
out the monoamine hypothesis as a pivotal factor in the pathophysiology of depression. However,
emerging perspectives on the monoamine hypothesis highlight the significance of the cholinergic
system, a major regulator of diverse CNS functions encompassing attention, arousal, cognition,
and memory. Cognitive impairments were frequently observed in depression along with other
symptoms i.e. low mood and anhedonia. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across
multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) from their inception until May 2023.
We screened 1,200 articles, of which 400 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 231
studies met the inclusion criteria. The review included both pre-clinical and clinical studies focusing
on the role of acetylcholine (ACh) and its receptors in depression. Data extraction and quality
assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. In literature, both pre-clinical and
clinical studies suggest that elevated central ACh levels may contribute to depression, prompting
investigations into intervention strategies targeting mAChRs/nAChRs and AChE. These receptors
have become a critical target in drug-design strategies aimed at addressing depression-like symptoms.
In addition, research has demonstrated a significant antidepressant-like effect of AChEIs in
a dose-dependent manner in animal models. Hence, this evidence over the past decades underscores
the pivotal role of the cholinergic system in mood regulation, offering promise for novel depression
treatments. In this review, we tried to summarize the historical evolution of the cholinergic
system from early discoveries to its role in the pathophysiology of depression. It presents evidence
for the involvement of mAChRs and nAChRs, as well as AChE, in depression. By outlining
the cholinergic theory of depression, this review suggests a novel therapeutic approach, emphasizing
the role of ACh in the complex depression pathophysiology, and presenting avenues for further
research and the development of targeted interventions.
Pengaruh Teknologi Amofer Terhadap Kualitas Fisik dan pH Jerami Padi Organik dan Anorganik
Authors: Husnaeni Husnaeni , Tatra Afsitin Joan , Bahari Doddy Ismunandar
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknologi amofer terhadap kualitas fisik dan pH jerami padi organik dan anorganik. Menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial (2 faktor), yaitu faktor A: jenis jerami padi (organik dan anorganik) dan faktor B: jenis starter (kontrol, EM4, dan MOL), setiap perlakuan diulang 4 kali. Proses dimulai dengan pembuatan MOL (mikroorganisme lokal) dan dilanjutkan dengan pengolahan jerami padi menggunakan teknologi amofer. Parameter yang diamati meliputi aroma, tekstur, warna, jamur, dan pH. Uji Kualitas fisik dilakukan dengan skoring penilaian silase, sementara pH diukur menggunakan pH meter. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji ANOVA, dengan uji wilayah berganda Duncan untuk perbandingan lebih lanjut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara jenis jerami padi (faktor A) dan jenis starter (faktor B) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap aroma, tekstur, warna, jamur, dan pH (P>0,05). Faktor A menunjukkan pengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap semua parameter yang diamati. Namun, faktor B, terbukti memberikan peningkatan signifikan pada aroma, warna, tekstur, dan pH (P<0,01) dibandingkan jerami segar. Dengan demikian, kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan EM4 dan MOL sebagai starter pada proses amofer jerami padi, baik organik maupun anorganik, terbukti meningkatkan kualitas jerami padi secara fisik dan mampu menurunkan nilai pH dibandingkan dengan jerami segar. Tidak ditemukan interaksi signifikan antara jenis jerami padi dan jenis starter terhadap kualitas jerami padi amofer
Uji Kecernaan Nutrien Secara In Vitro dan Analisis Komponen Serat Kasar Limbah Bunga Sedap Malam (Polianthes tuberosa L.) Terfermentasi Aspergillus niger
Authors: Badriyah Nufus Imamil , Ali Usman , Sumartono Sumartono
Published: September 2024

Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh dan mempelajari dosis paling efisien dari penggunaan Aspergillus niger pada fermentasi limbah bunga sedap malam (Polianthes tuberosa L.) dengan parameter Kecernaan Bahan Kering (KcBK), Kecernaan Bahan Organik (KcBO), Kecernaan Protein Kasar (KcPK) secara in vitro, kandungan Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), dan Hemiselulosa. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 200 gram limbah bunga sedap malam (BK 94,83%), 2% molases, dan 274 ml air. Penggunaan dosis Aspergillus niger yang berbeda terdiri dari P0 : Kontrol (Tanpa Fermentasi), P1 : 1 x 107 CFU/g BK Bahan,  P2 : 3 x 107 CFU/g BK Bahan, P3 = 6 x 107 CFU/g BK Bahan, dan P4 : 9 x 107 CFU/g BK Bahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap kecernaan nutrien dan komponen serat kasar. Dosis 9 x 107 CFU/g BK Bahan terbukti memberikan hasil terbaik diantara dosis yang lainnya ditinjau dari beberapa parameter yang telah diukur yaitu 46,62±1,1% KcBK, 46,26±0,16% KcBO, 52,86±0,07% KcPK, 28,96±0,28% NDF, 22,64±0,43% ADF dan 6,32±0,35% Hemiselulosa. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah penggunaan Aspergillus niger sebagai inokulan dalam proses fermentasi limbah bunga sedap malam meningkatkan KcBK, KcBO, dan KcPK serta diikuti dengan penurunan kandungan NDF, ADF dan Hemiselulosa.
The Effect of Feeding Native Grass, Jackfruit Leaves and Leguminosa on Daily Weight Increase and Body Sizes of Goats
Authors: Salim Muhammad Ade , Hariyono Dwi
Published: September 2024

The use of foliage and legumes in goat diet is essential to serve protein sources for maintenance and productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of providing native grass, jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus), and different legumes such as Leucaena leucocephala and Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson on average daily gain (ADG) and weekly increased body measurements) of four female Kacang goats (5-7 months old; average body weight 6.98?± 1.44 kg) kept in individual pens (1 m x 1.2 m × 1.2m (length x width x height) with a soil base. A 4 x 4 latin square design with four treatments: T0 (100% natural grass), T1 (100% lamtoro leaves), T2 (100% jackfruit leaves), and T3 (100% spinach) were used. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance. The results showed that feeding goats with different type of forages had a significant effect (P<0.05) on ADG, in which the goats fed jackfruit leaves showed the highest ADG value (142.85 ± 15.43 gr/head/day) (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the ADG of goats fed native grass, L. leucocephala, and A. gangetica leaves were not significantly different (P>0.05). The results also showed that different forages had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the weekly increase in body size measurements, including body length, shoulder height and chest girth. It can be concluded that giving jackfruit leaves can increase the ADG of Kacang goats. The use of jackfruit leaves solely can be recommended to increase the growth of goats.
Enhancing Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers: A Case Study of Erwiana
Authors:   Universitas Pelita Harapan, Maxwell Yosua Pattinussa Jhon
Published: September 2024

Warga Negara Indonesia (WNI) masih melihat bahwa bekerja di luar negeri merupakan pilihan dan peluang emas untuk mendapatkan penghasilan lebih baik. Namun, ditengah era modern saat ini kekerasan dan pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) masih terus terjadi. Kasus Erwiana Sulistyaningsih, seorang pekerja migran Indonesia di Hong Kong, mencerminkan bagaimana sistem kekerasan dan perbudakan masih ada sampai saat ini. Lantas, bagaimana peran negara berdaulat seperti Indonesia merespons dan melindungi WNI dalam kasus pelanggaran HAM yang terjadi? Dengan berfokus pada pertanyaan tersebut tulisan artikel ini dibuat untuk memberikan gambaran jelas mengenai upaya-upaya pemerintah dalam menyelesaikan kasus Erwiana. Pemerintah Indonesia, melalui entitas seperti Konsulat Jenderal Indonesia di Hong Kong, Badan Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia (BP2MI), dan Direktorat Perlindungan Warga Negara Indonesia, memainkan peran penting dalam menangani kasus Erwiana dan memperjuangkan hak-haknya. Kerja sama antara otoritas Indonesia dan Hong Kong menegaskan pentingnya kerja sama internasional dalam persepektif Liberalisme Klasik dalam melindungi pekerja migran dan mencari keadilan bagi korban penindasan. Berlandaskan pada teori klasik liberalisme dan konsep utama diplomasi perlindungan, yang digunakan sebagai pemikiran utama. Data-data primer hasil wawancara, data sekunder dari penelusuran daring dan kepustakaan menjadi data penting yang membuktikan relevansi teori dan konsep utama yang diangkat.
The Unbearing Threat of Golden Crescent Areas Combating Cases of Small and Light Arms Trafficking as Organized Crime in India
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Wahyu Putri Ayukinanti
Published: September 2024

Along with the easier exchange of information, people and goods between countries as a result of the rapid globalization, forms of crime in the international world also continue to grow at the same time. One of the transnational crimes that is of concern and is very difficult to deal with today is the Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons. In this paper, the author identifies the activities, entities and impacts of Small Arms and Light Weapons transnational crimes in India. To overcome this, various efforts have been made by the Government of India, but there are still obstacles in its implementation caused by the weakness of law in India so that these criminal groups can operate easily and prolifically. Transnational crime activities in India can be explained through trends in the spread, identification of transnational crimes, identification of Models of Conditions and Models of Operations, as well as handling methods applied at global, regional to national levels.
Potential of Siam Weed Leaves (Chromolaena odorata) in Suppressing Anthracnose Disease (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) in Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) in In Vitro
Authors: Mayasari Paulina Akita , Abadi Abdul Latief , Choliq Fery Abdul
Published: September 2024

Anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) is one of the important diseases in shallots. Generally, farmers use synthetic fungicides. Thus, Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) leaf extract can be used to reduce it because it has antifungal compounds. This study aimed to examine the effect of siam weed leaf extract on the growth of C. gloeosporioides and its antifungal compounds. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD). It would be continued with the SRD test at the 5% level if the result was significantly different. Treatment consisted of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% Siam weed leaf extract with four replications. Bioactive compounds in siam weed leaves were tested by the UPT Herbal Materia Medica Batu Laboratory and Chem-Mix Pratama Laboratory, Yogyakarta. Probit analysis was also used to obtain the LC50 value. The results showed that 10% concentration was the most effective treatment because it produced a fungicidal effect on C. gloeosporioides. However, a 2.09% concentration of siam weed leaf extract was able to cause 50% of C. gloeosporioides' mortality. In addition, siam weed leaf extract contains antifungal compounds, such as tannins, phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins.
Primary Pre-Extensively Drug-Resistant (Pre-XDR) Tuberculosis with Meningoencephalitis in Nineteen Years Old Young Woman : A Case Report
Authors: Sugiri Yani Jane Rosihaningsih , Tantular Rezki , Falyani Silvy Amalia , Maulana Uray Riki Arif
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is continually evolving in order to resist treatment. This has resulted in drug-resistant tuberculosis, which has a greater rate of therapy failure and mortality, as well as the necessity for other ways of disease transmission prevention. Pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (Pre-XDR TB) is caused by MTB strains that are resistant to isoniazid, rifampicin, and any fluoroquinolone medicines.
Case Report. A 19-year-old HIV-negative immunocompetent female presented to our emergency department with dyspnea and severe headache. She also complained of a cough, a low-grade temperature, and weight loss. She has no relevant medical history and has never been exposed to tuberculosis. A chest X-ray revealed infiltrates with cavities and fibrosis in both lungs, while a brain CT suggested meningoencephalitis. We performed a sputum drug sensitivity test and discovered that this patient was resistant to rifampin, isoniazid, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. She was later diagnosed with Pre-XDR TB and was given a tailored lengthier regimen that included Bedaquiline, Cycloserin, Linezolide, Clofazimine, and Etambutol. Her symptoms improved significantly as a result of this program.
Discussion. Primary pre-XDR TB in an immunocompetent patient is uncommon, and our case is even more unusual due to meningoencephalitis involvement. The treatment of pre-XDR TB requires a personalized regimen that is tailored to the patient's clinical status and comorbidities. The possibility of transmission via a positive contact was raised in this patient, prompting us to conduct a more thorough contact inquiry to prevent future spread.
Conclusion. In our region, there is a risk of'silent' drug resistant tuberculosis. Early detection and treatment of such patients are critical to preventing uncontrollable pan-resistant TB. Successful management with cautious contact investigation will minimize the mortality rate and spread rate of drug-resistant TB.
 
Keywords. Drug-Resistant Lung Tuberculosis, Drug-Resistant Meningoencephalitis Tuberculosis
Overlapping of Intestinal Tuberculosis with Typhoid Fever as Initial Diagnosis: A Case Report
Authors: Simatupang Elvando Tunggul Mauliate , Simbolon Rohani Lasmaria , Bet Anwar , Makmur Andreas
Published: September 2024

Background: Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (ETB) cases have increased to 20-30% of all Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) cases, including Intestinal Tuberculosis (ITB). Overlap between ITB and Typhoid Fever (TF) leads to Diagnostic Delays in ITB. Endoscopic and histopathological examinations are needed as diagnostic support, so comprehensive examination and clinical evaluation are necessary. Accurate diagnosis and management will have significant implications for patient survival.
Case: A 23-year-old male patient complained of shortness of breath for three weeks. Previously fever, night shivering, loss of appetite, and weight loss were also experienced. A history of previous hospitalization involving abdominal colic complaints, the patient should be hospitalized twice. Repeated administration of antibiotics with TF diagnosis did not show any clinical improvement. The suspicion of ITB was proven after obtaining positive results from Genexpert (GE) of Faeces and clinical response after Anti Tuberculosis Drugs (ATD) administration. Overall, there were clinical, laboratory and radiological improvements in patients with clinical abdominal colic and fever experienced in the last 2 months.
Conclusion: Challenge ATD delivery and GE of Faeces can be used as an indicator of suspects ITB so overlap between ITB and TF can be predicted. A comparative diagnostic study of abdominal colic and recurrent fever should also be extended so that it can be continued with several diagnostic support.
Stability of estimation item parameter in IRT dichotomy considering the number of participants
Authors: Ibrahim Zulfa Safina , Retnawati Heri , Irambona Alfred , Pérez Beatriz Eugenia Orantes
Published: September 2024

This research is related to item response theory (IRT) which is needed to measure the goodness of a test set, while item parameter estimation is needed to determine the technical properties of a test item. Stability of item parameter estimation is conducted to determine the minimum sample that can be used to obtain good item parameter estimation results. The purpose of this study is to describe the effect of the number of test takers on the stability of item parameter estimation with the Bayes method (expected a posteriori, EAP) on dichotomous data. This research is an exploratory descriptive research with a bootstrap approach using the EAP method. The EAP method is performed by modifying the likelihood and function to include prior information about the participant's 9 score. Bootstrapping on the original data is done to take bootstrap samples. with ten different sample sizes of 100, 150, 250, 300, 500, 700, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, 2,500 were then replicated ten times and grain parameter estimation was performed. Each sample data with ten replications was calculated Root Mean Squared Difference (RMSD) value. The results showed that the 2PL model was chosen as the best model. The RMSD value obtained proves that many test participants affect the stability of item parameter estimation on dichotomous data with the 2PL model. The minimum sample to ensure the stability of item parameter estimates with the 2PL model is 1,000 test participants.
Differential Item Functioning of the region-based national examination equipment
Authors: Setiawan Adi , Kassymova Gulzhaina Kuralbaevna , Mbazumutima Vianney , Agustyani Anggit Reviana Dewi
Published: September 2024

This research aims to detect Differential Item Functioning (DIF) in the 2014/2015 National Examination Questions in mathematics of junior high schools and equivalent-level schools in the Yogyakarta region as a reference group and the South Kalimantan region as a focus group using the Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT) method, Area Measure Raju, and Lord. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine which method was the most sensitive. The data consisted of 5,465 National Examination papers of the students from the two regions, who worked on type A questions. A sample of 1,000 exam papers for each region was established using the simple random sampling (SRS) technique, which was conducted to avoid the effect of sample size. The results of the research showed that by using the LRT method the researchers found 36 items had significant DIF detection, 32 items were significant for Raju Area, and all items had significant DIF detection using Lord. Lord Method is the most sensitive because this method can detect the most DIF items.
Ayurveda Management of Allergic Rhinitis: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Mata Shweta , Rajput Shivshankar , Tuli Isha Preet , Mundada Pallavi , Gupta Bharti , Srikanth Narayanam , Acharya Rabinarayanan
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the inflammation of the membranes lining the nose due to allergen exposure and is characterized by sneezing, nasal congestion, itching of the nose, or postnasal discharge. The prevalence varies worldwide, perhaps due to the geographic and aeroallergen differences, with 10% to 30% of the world’s population experiencing AR. In this study, Anu Taila Nasya, Naradiya Laxmivilas Rasa, and Shirishadi Kwath will be compared to a fluticasone nasal spray.

OBJECTIVE

The primary aim is to assess the efficacy of Ayurvedic management for AR (or vataja pratishyaya) by comparing it to a conventional control group. The secondary aims are to determine the mean change in the nasal endoscopy index and the mean change in the laboratory tests.

METHODS

This ongoing study is an open-label randomized controlled interventional trial, with a sample size of 90 both in the trial and standard control group (including dropouts, 20%), and will be carried out for 24 months. Participants in the trial group will receive Ayurvedic treatment, that is, Anu Taila Nasya (6 drops in each nostril for 7 days for 3 consecutive weeks), Naradiya Laxmivilas Rasa (250 mg twice per day), and Shirishadi Kwath (40 ml twice per day for 45 days). The participants in the control group will receive a fluticasone propionate nasal spray (2 sprays once per day for 45 days). The primary outcome will include the mean change in the Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test score, and the secondary outcomes will include the mean change in the nasal endoscopy index (assessment of nasal membrane color, pale or hyperemia; rhinorrhea, watery or yellow; and inferior turbinate swelling, hypertrophy) and the mean change in the laboratory tests.

RESULTS

As of May 2024, 72 patients have been enrolled in both groups. Data analysis should be completed by February 2025. The study will be reported following standard guidelines for reporting randomized controlled trials. Clinical results will be disseminated through conferences and peer-reviewed publication in a relevant journal.

CONCLUSIONS

The Ayurvedic approach could be an evidence-based therapeutic tactic for the management of AR.

CLINICALTRIAL

Clinical Trials Registry India CTRI/2023/06/053395; https://tinyurl.com/564d2zz8

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/56063
From Hesitation to Fluency: Unraveling Speaking Barriers in EFL Context
Authors: Jamoom Osama Albashir , Bahron Noureddin Omran
Published: September 2024

This study investigates Libyan EFL students' perceptions of their speaking skills, identifies barriers to their development of this skill, and explores the underlying causes of these barriers. A Likert-scale questionnaire was employed to collect quantitative data from 41 English-major students at the Department of English, University of Zawia, Libya. The findings indicate that while students acknowledge the significance of speaking skills for academic and professional success, they encounter challenges related to linguistic aspects, including vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. Psychological barriers, such as fear of criticism and shyness, also hinder their willingness to participate in speaking activities. Furthermore, the study highlights that insufficient practice opportunities and traditional, teacher-centered instructional methods are major contributors to students' difficulties in speaking. The study suggests that enhancing students speaking skills can be achieved by increasing engagement in interactive speaking activities, shifting from teacher-centered to more interactive teaching methods, and creating environment that encourage speaking practice both inside and outside the classroom.
Resistencia a los antimicrobianos: su impacto en una salud
Authors: Vargas Estrada Dinorah
Published: September 2024

Los antimicrobianos ayudan a los animales y a los humanos a vivir más tiempo, y a tener una vida más sana; sin embargo, su eficacia hoy día es controversial. Esta obra de forma sucinta trata el control reglamentario para proteger la seguridad alimentaria y ayuda a comprender las consecuencias sobre la utilización no responsable (pérdida de la eficacia de los medicamentos, persistencia de infecciones y su propagación). Y tiene como objetivo promover la comunicación entre el personal sanitario para sensibilizar la problemática de la resistencia antimicrobiana y disposición prudente.
Penghambatan Penurunan Mutu Cookies Substitusi Tepung Oat Dengan Jenis Kemasan Plastik Berbeda Terhadap Karakteristik Fisikokimia Dan Organoleptik Selama Penyimpanan
Authors: Dharlyansyah Risky , Sukardi Sukardi , Utomo Joko Susilo
Published: September 2024

Soft cookies merupakan salah satu jenis cookies dengan tekstur renyah diluar dan lembut (chewy) di dalam karena bagian tengah adonan tersebut masih lunak. Produk makanan yang cenderung basah hingga kering mudah mengalami perubahan mutu jika disimpan dalam waktu yang lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis kemasan dan lama penyimpanan terhadap karakteristik oat cookies, serta untuk mengetahui pendugaan umur simpan oat cookies. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Tersarang (Nested) yang terdiri dari dua faktor. Faktor dari rancangan ini lama penyimpanan dan jenis kemasan plastik berbeda. Parameter yang diamati meliputi analisa proksimat, kadar serat kasar, aktivitas air (Aw), kekerasan, dan organoleptik meliput aroma, tekstur, rasa, dan keberterimaan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa jenis kemasan berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai kadar air, Aw, dan kekerasan pada oat cookies. Kadar serat kasar juga menunjukkan dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor tersebut yaitu jenis kemasan berbeda dan lama penyimpanan. Kadar abu, protein, lemak, dan karbohidrat tidak menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan dari jenis kemasan dan lama penyimpanan, tetapi terdapat aktivitas kimia dan biologis yang terjadi pada oat cookies. Uji organoleptik oat cookies menghasilkan aroma yang sudah hilang aroma mentega, rasa yang manis dan sedikit getir, tekstur yang agak keras, dan keberterimaan yang netral dengan perkiraan dapat diterima minggu ke-3. Pendugaan umur simpan menggunakan metode ESS dengan titik kritis kadar air dihasilkan kemasan PP 13 hari, PS 19 hari, dan OPP 18 hari serta diperoleh kemasan OPP merupakan jenis kemasan yang dapat mempertahankan mutu oat cookies lebih baik.
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI ASAM KLORIDA (HCl) DAN WAKTU EKSTRAKSI PADA KARAKTERISASI PEKTIN KULIT JERUK BALI (Citrus maxima)
Authors: Zahro Nur Alfiatus , Warkoyo Warkoyo , Wahyudi Vritta Amroini
Published: September 2024

Pectin or pectate compounds are complex polysaccharides with large molecular weights found in the middle lamella or intercellular spaces in higher plant tissues. The main function of pectin is as a thickener and gelling agent. So far, pectin production in Indonesia has not been widely known and developed. Pectin can be obtained from fruit peels, one of which is grapefruit peel. Grapefruit has a fairly high pectin content, around 30%. The purpose of this study was to find out how much pectin content is in grapefruit peels by determining the concentration of hydrochloric acid and the right extraction time to get the best yield and quality of pectin.
            This study used a randomized block design (RBD) method with two factors, namely the concentration of hydrochloric acid 0.2 N; 0.25 N and 0.3 N and extraction times of 60, 90 and 120 minutes with three repetitions. The observations made were yield pectin, water content, ash content, equivalent weight, methoxyl content, galacturonic acid and degree of esterification. The data obtained based on the research results were analyzed statistically with variance (α = 0.05) and continued with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
            The results showed that the concentration of hydrochloric acid 0.3 N and extraction time of 120 minutes produced the best pectin with yield 13.57%, moisture content 8.27%, ash content 7.53%, methoxyl content 6.79%, galacturonic content 261 .65%, the degree of esterification is 14.82% and it can be concluded that the test results for the characteristics of the pectin produced meet the established standards of the International Pectin Producers Association (IPPA).
Importancia de los procesos de clasificación, catalogación y sistematización de registros bibliográficos en las bibliotecas públicas de Pasto e Ipiales, Colombia.
Authors: Arteaga Figueroa Angela María , Paz Meneses Alexy Amanda
Published: September 2024

En el marco del desarrollo del trabajo de grado de la Maestría en Estudios Latinoamericanos de la Universidad de Nariño titulado: “Sistemas de Información, Clasificación y Catalogación Bibliotecas Públicas Municipales de Pasto e Ipiales, Colombia” se evidencia la necesidad de revisar los procesos de carácter técnico para validar la disponibilidad de material bibliográfico a partir de registros bibliográficos sistematizados. El presente artículo, permitirá reconocer la importancia de los procesos técnicos llevados a cabo al interior de las bibliotecas públicas de las ciudades de Pasto e Ipiales en el Departamento de Nariño Colombia, para adelantar operaciones de búsqueda y recuperación de información.
Una mirada a la población de Pasto desde el lente decimonónico de José Manuel Restrepo.
Authors: Solís Urbano Mónica Patricia , Vallejo Erazo Edgar Andrés
Published: September 2024

La historiografía decimonónica en Colombia tuvo entre otros objetivos legitimar el proyecto de estado-nación nacido del proceso independentista de principios de siglo XIX. Para tal fin, se construyeron discursivamente representaciones y caracterizaciones tanto positivas como negativas de las regiones y poblaciones que componen el país, ello teniendo en cuenta su adhesión o rechazo al proyecto Republicano. Entre las negativas se halla la impuesta a la población de Pasto, territorio realista en gran parte del periodo independentista. Esta caracterización definía a sus habitantes como bárbaros, irracionales y fanáticos.
El presente artículo busca reconstruir dicha tipificación situándola en uno de sus contextos historiográficos de origen. Para tal fin se procede a analizar la representación dada a los pastusos a través de la obra “Historia de la Revolución de la República de Colombia” de José Manuel Restrepo, cuna de aquella caracterización.