bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-Linear Analysis of Plated T-Subjected to Negative Bending Moment
Authors: Ahmed Abdullah Mansor
Published: November 2021

This paper present a numerical analysis using ANSYS finite element program to simulate the reinforced concrete T- beams strengthened with external bonded steel plates when subjected to negative bending. Eight beams with length 2.0m and simply supported were modeled. Nonlinear materials behavior, as it relates to steel reinforcing bars and plain concrete, and linear behavior for plate is simulated using appropriate constitutive models. The results showed that the general behavior of the finite element models represented by the load-deflection curves at midspanappear well agreement with the test data from the previous researches. Also the crack patterns at the final loads from the finite models are discussed . The finite element models represented by this search can be used to carry out parametric study for the strengthening of plated T-beams.
تأثير إضافة نواتج مخلفات معامل الألمنيوم على معامل التوصيل الحراري للخرسانة
Authors: محمد قادر البیاتي  , أﺴل ﺘﺤﺴﯿن ﺤﺴﯿن  , أسل تحسین حسین
Published: November 2021

ﻫذا اﻟﺒﺤث ﺘﻨﺎول ﺘﺄﺜﯿر اﻀﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﯿﺎف اﻻﻟﻤﻨﯿوم اﻟﻤﺄﺨوذة ﻤن ﻤﺨﻠﻔﺎت ﻤﻌﺎﻤل اﻻﻟﻤﻨﯿـوم ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺨـواص اﻟﺨﻠطـﺔ اﻟﺨرﺴـﺎﻨﯿﺔ اﻟدراﺴــﺔ ﺸــﻤﻠت اﺴــﺘﺨدام ﺨﻠطــﺔ ﻤرﺠﻌﯿــﺔ )M0 ( ﺒــدون ﻤــﻀﺎف اﻻﻟﻤﻨﯿــوم ﻟﻐــرض اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻨــﺔ ﻤــﻊ ﺒــﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﺨﻠطــﺎت اﻟﺘــﻲ ﺘﺤﺘــوي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻀﺎف اﻻﻟﻤﻨﯿوم ﻟﺜﻼث ﻨﺴب ﻫﻲ ٣% ﻤن وزن اﻻﺴﻤﻨت )M3,( و%٥ ﻤن وزن اﻻﺴـﻤﻨت )M5,( و%١٠ ﻤـن وزن اﻻﺴـﻤﻨت )M10( وﺒﺎﻟﺘﺤدﯿـد ﻤﻌﺎﻤـل اﻟﺘوﺼـﯿل اﻟﺤـراري ﻟﻠﺨﻠطـﺔ اﻟﺨرﺴـﺎﻨﯿﺔ ) K( ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤـﺎد ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟـﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤـدة ﻤـن ﻗﺒـل )2002-ACI 122R( ﻛــود ، أﺠرﯿــت ﻓﺤوﺼــﺎت ﻤﺨﺘﺒرﯿــﺔ)ﻗﺎﺒﻠﯿــﺔ اﻟﺘــﺸﻐﯿل،اﻟﻛﺜﺎﻓــﺔ ،ﻤﻘﺎوﻤــﺔ اﻻﻨــﻀﻐﺎط ( ﻟﻤﻛﻌﺒــﺎت اﻟﺨﻠطــﺎت اﻟﺨرﺴــﺎﻨﯿﺔ )M10,M5,M3,M0 ( ﺒﺎﺒﻌــﺎد )150*150*150 ( ﻤﻠــم وﻟﺜﻼﺜــﺔ أﻋﻤــﺎر )28,14,7 ( ﯿــوم . ﻟﺒﯿــﺎن ﻤــدى ﺘــﺄﺜر ﻗﺎﺒﻠﯿــﺔ اﻟﺘــﺸﻐﯿل واﻟﻛﺜﺎﻓــﺔ و ﻤﻘﺎوﻤــﺔ اﻻﻨــﻀﻐﺎط ﺒﺎﻟﻤــﻀﺎف ﺒﺘﻘــدم ﻋﻤــر اﻟﻨﻤــوذج وﺘــﺎﺜﯿر ذﻟــك ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻤﻌﺎﻤــل اﻟﺘوﺼــﯿل اﻟﺤــراري ﻟﻠﺨرﺴـﺎﻨﺔ. ﻤـن ﺨــﻼل اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘــم اﻟﺘوﺼـل اﻟﯿﻬــﺎ ﻤـن اﻟﻔﺤوﺼـﺎت وﺠــد ان اﻟﻛﺜﺎﻓـﺔ ﻗﻠـت ﺒﻤﻘــدار )%20%-7( ﻤـﻊ زﯿــﺎدة ﻨـــﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤـــﻀﺎف وﻤﻌﺎﻤـــل اﻟﺘوﺼـــﯿل اﻟﺤـــراري ﻗـــل ﺒزﯿـــﺎدة ﻨـــﺴﺒﺔ ﻤـــﻀﺎف اﻟﯿـــﺎف اﻻﻟﻤﻨﯿـــوم ﺒﺤـــدود ) %45%-17( ﻻرﺘﺒﺎطـــﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ وﻛذﻟك ﻤﻘﺎوﻤﺔ اﻻﻨﻀﻐﺎط ﺘﻘـل ﺒﺎﻀـﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﯿـﺎف اﻻﻟﻤﻨﯿـوم ﺒﺤـدود )%54%-30 ( وذﻟـك ﺒـﺴب ﺤـﺼول ﺘﻔﺎﻋـل ﻻﻟﯿـﺎف اﻻﻟﻤﻨﯿـوم ﻤــﻊ ﻤرﻛﺒـﺎت اﻻﺴــﻤﻨت اﻟــذي ﯿـﺴﺒب ﺘوﻟﯿــد ﻓﻘﺎﻋــﺎت ﻏﺎزﯿـﺔ وﺒﺎﻟﺘــﺎﻟﻲ ﺤــدوث ﻓﺠـوات )ﺨرﺴــﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﻬــواة( ﻤﻤـﺎ ﯿــؤدي اﻟــﻰ دوث ﻨﻘﺼﺎن ﺒﺎﻟﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ و ﻤﻘﺎوﻤﺔ اﻻﻨﻀﻐﺎط.
د ا رسة تأثیر الحركة الترددیة على معدل البلى الجاف و الرطب والبنیة المجهریة للفولاذ (A 36 ASTM ) الإنشائي نوع
Authors: أحمد محمد عبد اللطیف
Published: November 2021

ﯿﻬدف ﻫذا اﻟﺒﺤث اﻟﻰ دراﺴﺔ اﻟﺒﻠﯿﺎن اﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻤن ﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﺒﻠﯿﺎن اﻟﺘرددي واﻟﺒﻨﯿـﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻬرﯿـﺔ ﻟﻌﯿﻨـﺎت ﻤـن اﻟﻔـوﻻذ اﻹﻨـﺸﺎﺌﻲ A 36 ASTM، ﺤﯿث ﺘم ﺘﺤﻀﯿر اﻟﻌﯿﻨـﺎت ﻤـن ﺨـﻼل اﻟﺘﻘطﯿـﻊ واﻟﺘﻨﻌـﯿم واﻟـﺼﻘل اﻟﻌﯿﻨـﺎت و إﺨـﻀﺎع اﻟﻌﯿﻨـﺎت اﻟـﻰ ﺠﻬـﺎز ﺒﻠــﻰ ذو ﺤرﻛــﺔ ﺘرددﯿــﺔ أﻓﻘﯿــﺔ ﺘــم ﺘــﺼﻤﯿﻤﻪ وﺘــﺼﻨﯿﻌﻪ ﻤﺤﻠﯿــﺎ"ﻟﻬــذا اﻟﻐــرض. وﯿــﺘم أﺴــﺘﺨدام ﻫــذا اﻟﺠﻬــﺎز ﻓــﻲ ﺤــﺎﻟﺘﯿن اﻷوﻟــﻰ ﺒوﻀـﻊ اﻟﻌﯿﻨـﺎت ﺘﺤـت ﺘـﺄﺜﯿر اﻟﺠﻬــﺎز ﺒـدون ﻤـؤﺜر آﺨـر أي ﺒﻠــﻰ ﺠـﺎف، واﻟﺜﺎﻨﯿـﺔ ﺒوﻀـﻊ اﻟﻌﯿﻨـﺎت ﻓــﻲ وﺴـط أﻛـﺎل ﻤﻛـون ﻤــن ﻤــﺎء اﻟﺒﺤــر وﺘﺤــت ﺘــﺄﺜﯿر إﺠﻬــﺎد اﻟﺒﻠــﻰ اﻟﺘــرددي أي اﻟﺒﻠــﻰ اﻟرطــب، وﺘــم ﺒﻌــد ذﻟــك دراﺴــﺔ اﻟﻔــرق ﺒــﯿن اﻟﺤــﺎﻟﺘﯿن وﺒﯿــﺎن ﺴــﺒب ﺤــدوث اﻻﺨــﺘﻼف ﺒــﯿن اﻟوﻀــﻌﯿن. وﺘﺒــﯿن أﻨــﻪ ﯿــزداد ﻨﻘــﺼﺎن اﻟــوزن وﻤﻌــدل اﻟﺒﻠــﻰ ﻓــﻲ ﻛــﻼ اﻟﺤــﺎﻟﺘﯿن ﻨﺘﯿﺠــﺔ اﻟــﺴﺤق أﺜﻨــﺎء اﻻﺤﺘﻛﺎك وﺘﻛﺴر اﻟرواﺒط اﻟﺒﻠورﯿﺔ ﺒﯿن اﻟﻛﺎرﺒﯿدات اﻟـﻀﻌﯿﻔﺔ و اﻟﻤﺘﻛوﻨـﺔ ﻨﺘﯿﺠـﺔ اﻟﺤـرارة اﻟﻤﺘوﻟـدة أﺜﻨـﺎء اﻟﺒﻠـﻰ وﻫـذا ﻤـﺎ أﺘـﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺼور اﻟﺒﻨﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﻬرﯿﺔ ، وﻟﻛن ﺘﻛون زﯿﺎدة ﻨﻘـﺼﺎن اﻟـوزن ﻤـﻊ اﻟﺒﻠـﻰ اﻟرطـب أﻛﺜـر ﺒـﺴﺒب وﺠـود ﻋﺎﻤـل أﺨـر ﻤـؤﺜر ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺼﺎن اﻟوزن وﻤﻌدل اﻟﺒﻠﻰ وﻫو اﻟﺘﺂﻛل أﻹﺠﻬﺎدي ﻓﻲ اﻟوﺴط اﻷﻛﺎل واﻟذي ﯿزداد ﻤﻊ زﯿﺎدة أﺠﻬﺎد اﻟﺒﻠﻰ
Design and Implementation of Mobile Computing Simulator
Authors: Hayam A. Al-Yasiri  , Nyan D. Sallman
Published: November 2021

The Rapid progress in communications and wireless technology, especially in mobile computing, resulted in wide area of development in design, control and simulation of protocols that manage the wireless network. In this paper, a software simulator package has been designed, implemented and analyzed to simulate Internet Mobile Host Protocol (IMHP), Multicast Routing Protocol (MRP) and Handoff operation, which feature both route optimization and integrated authentication of all management packets.The simulator coverage area includes three extendable subnets (LANs) with ten mobile hosts moving either randomly or manually over the network. The moving hosts have the ability of entering or leaving the network at any time. The designed simulator simulates all the predicted events that practically associated with mobile computing operation. In addition, the simulator stands for other events such as the rebooting or crashing in the network elements.The simulated protocols are tested in terms of the speed of implementation, which computed throughout the designed simulator operation for both IMHP and MRP protocols. Also the effect of Handoff process on the mobile protocols implementation has been tested. The obtained results showed that the short cut route exhibits the fastest speed of implementation. Visual Basic programming language has been used in the design of this simulator.
Design of Fractional Order PID Controller Based Particle Swarm
Authors: Abdelelah Kidher Mahmood  , Bassam Fadel Mohammed
Published: November 2021

Fractional order PID (FOPID) controller is a special kind of PID controller whose derivative and integral order are fractional rather than integer which has five parameters to be tuned. This paper presents study of the implementation of tuning method and performance enhancement of the closed loop system by use of the fractional order PID (PIλDμ) controller utilizing a MATLAB/Simulink. The tuning methods for these type controllers have many mixed tools of the available optimization methods and update artificial optimization methods in the design. In this paper particle swarm optimization has been implemented to design FOPID controller in which the unknown parameters are determined minimizing a given integral of time weighted absolute error (ITAE). The main specification of this paper is that the all five parameters of (PIλDμ) have been found directly without spreading the steps. It has been shown that the response and performance of the closed loop system with FOPID controller is much better than integer order PID controller for the same system and with better robustness.
Design, Modeling, And Implementation of PIC Based Electrical Wheelchair
Authors: Mohannad Abid Shehab Ahmed
Published: November 2021

Nowadays, voice is one of the methods commonly used to control the electrical and electronic appliances because of easily being reproduced by human.Many people with disabilities do not have the dexterity necessary to control a joystick on an electrical wheelchair, so the aim of this study is to control access to voice services and to implement a wheelchair using small vocabulary word recognition system.The HM2007 IC serves as the ear that will listen and interpret the voice command, while the PIC18F458 serve as the brain of the system that will process and coordinate the correct output of the input command to control the wheelchair motors. The methodology adopted is speech recognition development for isolated word from independent speakers where any speaker has two different sentences first for training and the second for testing to release the operation.The input of the system is a set of pick up five words used to control the movements of two motors connected to PIC 18F458 which is used as a programmable and controllable device, the speed of the motors is adjusted using the PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) technique where the duty cycle is simultaneously varied according to input switching device. For more efficient design, the system can worked in worst condition that could be achieved in noisy environment with different signal to noise ratios, besides that the electric power supply can utilize the solar cells. Finally, the proposed system is implemented and tested upon a data base consists of ten speakers (6 males and 4 females) and its performance rises the algorithm efficiency and reduce the execution time with 97% noiseless overall accuracy
Characterization Corrosion Behavior of Nano Alumina Coatings on Al12si Fabricated by Electrophoretic Deposition
Authors: Abdul jabbar Saad Jomah
Published: November 2021

This paper compares the corrosion behavior of Al2O3 coatings produced by Electrophoretic technique to Nano-sized alumina coatings on aluminum alloy surfaces by using a well dispersed stable suspension produced by addition of Al2O3 powder plus a small amount of water and iodine to ethanol. Electrophoretic deposition for (2,3,4 and 5) min at (50-60) V resulted in formation of a uniformly dense film on the top, The maximum defect-free sintered thickness by EPD allowed us to obtain coatings as thick as 7 µm. The protective behavior against corrosion and the corrosion kinetics of the produced films were studied through polarization resistance (PR) measurements in aggressive media (sea water). The corrosion resistance with sintering to 400C° with 2hours holding time has decreased the corrosion current density (about 32μAcm2) when compared coatings without sintering for coatings produced by EPD. Moreover, alumina coatings present an excellent resistance in sea water. AFM observations suggest that coatings produced by EPD are homogeneous and defect-free. The aim of this work has been to prepare thick Al2O3 coatings deposited by EPD in order to increase the corrosion resistance of aluminum substrates. The corrosion resistance of the coatings has been evaluated through electrochemical methods as a function of different processing parameters: final thickness of the coating, applied voltage, and deposition time.
Theoretical Design of Mimo Transceiver and Implementation Its Transmitter Using Fpga
Authors: Khalid Awaad Humood  , ADHAM HADI SALEH  , WA’IL A. H. HADI
Published: November 2021

The use of multiple transmit and receive antennas (MIMO system) is widely accepted in recent years, as a promising technology for future wireless communication, to achieve higher data rates independently of transmission power and bandwidth, with improve system reliability through increasing diversity. This research presents the design and implementation of a multiple antenna wireless communications system using Xilinx Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) .The proposed design based on Alamouti’s transmit diversity scheme which is a space-time block code (STBC) with two transmit antennas and an arbitrary number of receive antennas. The implementation demonstrates the space-time code in a baseband system with two antennas for transmitter and receiver. The encoding and decoding algorithms are implemented using VHDL, Spartan 3A /3AN is used to implement transmitter part, where the Virtex2P is used to complete the receiver part design theoretically. Finally the design MIMO systems are implemented successfully.
استخدام البرامجيات في تصميم مولدات التيار المستمر
Authors: عارف جاسم عباس
Published: November 2021

لتصميم مولدات التيار المستمر باختيار متغي ا رت وثوابت التصميم. V.B تم بناء برنامج بلغة البيسك المرئي 6 ويشمل التصميم العناصر الرئيسية، الكفاءة، القدرة، الملفات وغيرها. وقد تمت الاستعانة بالب ا رمج الجاهزة كبرنامج في بناء برنامج التصميم والحصول على نتائج التصميم التي تحتوي على 69 فقرة والتي تحقق Excel وبرنامج Grapher جميع متطلبات التصميم.
تأثير إضافة الألومينا على بعض الخواص الفيزياوية للبورسلين عالي الصهر المحضر من كاؤلين دويخلة، رمل زجاج أرضمة وفلدسبار البوتاسيوم باستخدام الطريقة العملية
Authors: محمد قاسم بسام
Published: November 2021

تعتبر الالومينا من المركبات المهمة في تحسين الخواص الفيزياوية للمركبات السي ا رميكية ولهذا تمم فمي امذا البحمث تصنيع نماذج بورسلينية باستخدام كاولين دويخلة ورممل زجماج ضرةممة وفلدسمبار البوتاسميوم واةمافات ممن الالومينما. وقمد تمم تشكيل النماذج بطريقة الكبس شبه الجاف ولبدت النماذج بدرجة ح ا ررة تلبيد 1300 ̊C وتمم قيماس بعمل الخمواص الفيزياويمة للنممماذج البورسمملينية ووجممد ان اةممافة الالومينمما تحسممن مممن خممواص المنممت البورسممليني ل ايممة 18% مممن نسممبة الالومينمما المةافة وبازدياد النسبة عن 18% تبدض خواص المنت بالانخفال ويعمز امذا المى ان الالومينما تسماعد علمى تكموين الطمور السائل للفلدسبار ولحد معين ولكن زيادتها تؤدي الى بقاء نسبة منها غير منصهرة لاحتياجها درجة تلبيد عالية
استخدام البكتريا في معالجة التشققات في الكونكريت
Authors: عامر محمد ابراهيم  , عدنان نعمة عبد الرضا  , مروج محمد صناع
Published: November 2021

ان الهدف من هذه الد ا رسة هو المعالجة الذاتية لشقوق الخرسانة باستخدام البكتريا، وتعتبر هذه الد ا رسة هي الاولى من نوعها في الع ا رق. استخدمت في هذه الد ا رسة بكتريا Bacillus Subtilis المعزولة من التربة الز ا رعية والتربة الجافة، وتمت عملية ز ا رعتها وتنميتها في الوسط الانتقائي SR-20 ، اجريت الاختبا ا رت الكيموحيوية وتشخيص البكترياوفقا لما ورد في Bergys Manual &Medical Bacteria) (، حيث اجريت الاختبا ا رت المختبرية الاولية لمعرفة قدرة هذه البكتريا على معالجة التشققات الخرسانية من حيث قدرتها على تحمل العوامل الموجودة في قالب الخرسانة ومنها الاس الهيدروجيني القاعدي وذلك من خلال تنميتها في الوسط الانتقائي SR-20 ذو الاس الهيدروجيني القاعدي pH=10) ،)وتحملها للملوحة عند ز ا رعتها في وسط الترسيب SM-7 المحتوي على كلوريد الكالسيوم، ايضا تم اج ا رء اختبا ا رت تحضير مادة علاج الشقوق من اجل ترسيب بلو ا رت كارب ونات الكالسيوم. اظهرت نتائج اختبار الموجات الفوق الصوتية الاختلاف في الوقت الذي تستغرقه الموجة للمرور عبر الشقوق غير المعالجة والوقت الذي تستغرقه الموجة للشقوق المعالجة، حيث اظهرت النتائج ان مادة علاج الشقوق المكونة من السيليكا + معلق بكتيري كانت متصلبة بشكل كامل وحدوث نقصان في وقت انتقال الموجة الصوتية عبر الشقوق المعالجة. اظهرت نتائج البحث انه كلما كان عمق الشق وعرضه صغير كانت عملية المعالجة افضل، حيث ان عملية المعالجة كانت افضل في النماذج الخرسانية ذات عرض شق ) 1ملم( مقارنة للنماذج ذات العرض ) 2ملم(، اما من ناحيةالعمق فقد اظهرت النتائج ان عملية المعالجة كانت افضل لعمق شق ) 10 ملم( مقارنة للنماذج ذات العمق ) 20 ملم( و 30 ملم(. كما اظهرت نتائج اختبار الفحص بالمجهر الالكتروني الماسح ( SEM) ( تكون كاربونات الكالسيوم لمادة علاج الشقوق المكونة من السيليكا + بكتريا.
The influence of financial constraint on peer influence of cash dividend decision – Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Xiaolan , Li Fengzuo , Salem Mohammad
Published: November 2021

We analyse the influence of financial constraints on the peer effect of dividend decision in China by employing the Carhart four-factor model to construct instrument variables of peer influence. We find that (1) the decision of whether to pay cash dividends (DIV) is significantly influenced by peers, and the estimated marginal effect is 0.53%, but the question of whether to pay catering dividends and the extent of such dividends to be paid are not significantly affected by peers. (2) Under the semi-mandatory dividend policy in China, financial constraints will significantly reduce peer influence on the dividend level. (3) Peer influence on DIV is more pronounced among companies that face high financial constraints.
Software Solution Integrated in Three-Dimensional Technologies for Preoperative Planning of Tibial Plateau Fractures
Authors: Moldovan Flaviu , Gligor Adrian , Bataga Tiberiu
Published: November 2021

Background: Planning in orthopedic surgery can be supported by various virtual reconstruction and tri-dimensional (3D) segmentation programs, but this topic requires further study to identify software solutions that make the process duration more efficient. Objective: To validate 3D software solutions that integrates 3D technologies for patient-specific applications in orthopedics in order to minimize the extent of surgery. Method: We have used the Democratiz3D software solution for patient-specific modeling and surgical planning. Results: Validation of the proposed methodology was performed for the preoperative planning of a 28-year-old male patient who had a Schatzker type II tibial plateau fracture. Conclusion: The 3D planning capabilities of the software solution are a valuable tool for surgeons in exploring the nature of fractures and formulating an appropriate surgical plan which creates perspectives for personalized surgery.
Dynamic Analysis over the Changes Impact in Production Process in Automotive Industry
Authors: Uifălean Oana Bianca , Uifălean Dorel Cristian , Gabor Rozalia Manuela
Published: November 2021

The development of capacities for being flexible is based on top management, helps firms to manage the environmental uncertainty and tends to increase the companies performances. We propose the hypothesis as both environmental factors and internal resources affect directly the production system and also the company performances. In order to create the present paper we have been done statistical analysis based on impact factors over the internal product and processes. The results show in optimization development phases, the customer involvement brings a major impact in change process and means it can have an impact over the final process and product.
Applying Quality Improvement Approaches for the Control of Critical Medical Processes in a Healthcare Facility
Authors: Moldovan Flaviu , Blaga Petruta
Published: November 2021

Healthcare facilities face major challenges as patients require for the continuous improvement of the healthcare quality. We have used as research method the study of the scientific literature from the medical databases, and we have identified the categories of processes that ensure the quality in a healthcare facility. It is drawn a detailed map of the basic medical processes which highlights the sequence and interaction of medical processes that take place on requesting patients until they become resolved patients. The particularization of quality improvement methods for the improvement of critical medical processes is presented. By using the Pareto diagram it is analyzed the adverse events associated with healthcare and by employment of Ishikawa diagram it is analyzed the causes of associated infections highlighting the factors that contributed to the increase of confirmed healthcare associated infections, which are assigned to the hospital information system and the hospital monitoring system.
Development and Implementation of a Mini CNC Milling Machine
Authors: Tung Tran Thanh , Quynh Nguyen Xuan , Minh Tran Vu
Published: November 2021

The development of mechanical processing machines with integrated CNC systems allows the manufacturing industry to produce complex products quickly with high quality. CNC has become a main course for mechanical students in technical and vocational universities. CNC machine training is required to enhance student’s skills to learning in design and manufacturing technology. However, the cost to buy a CNC machine is not cheap. In a developing country like Vietnam, along with the limited budget of most universities, this is an obstacle for students to have the opportunity to use CNC machines. To help students have a teaching aid in learning, improve practice capacity. The article proposes an alternative to design and manufacture a simple, inexpensive milling machine with all the required functions. The CAD models design of the machine model structure were done using Solidwork and NX software. Most of the machine’s parts are manufactured and assembled in the Faculty of Engineering Mechanics and Automation laboratory of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University Hanoi. The study’s main objective is to propose a process for designing and manufacturing a mini vertical 3-axis CNC milling machine with low cost but full features similar to an industrial CNC machine. The machine model introduced in the article can be used as a teaching aid, improving practical capacity for students of machine building
Cycling Activity Dataset Creation and Application for Feedback Giving
Authors: Ferencsik Dorina K. , Varga Erika B.
Published: November 2021

Our research aims at supporting personal cycling trainer applications in training planning and feedback giving to nonprofessional outdoor cyclists, based on a general reference. In this paper we present the created dataset. According to our present knowledge, this data collection is the first public dataset containing cycling activities recorded outdoor. Its usability for training planning and feedback giving is demonstrated through an example. The dataset is clustered according to age groups, considering distance and average speed as the two most influential features when predicting the time required for training. These clusters are then applied as references in feedback giving and goal setting.
„Emotional Intelligence and Communication in Human Resources Management to Avoid Occupational Stress”
Authors: Dambean Camelia Angelica
Published: November 2021

This study is part of a larger paper and brings to the fore a topical issue in today’s society, namely the importance of emotional intelligence in interpersonal relationships in an organization, its connection with the ability of individuals to communicate empathetically, directly, concisely in properly manage working time to avoid occupational stress. This article includes: basics about the importance of emotional intelligence in an organization, the causes of organizational stress, and factors that lead to decreased job satisfaction. The article includes the objective, purpose, research hypothesis, conceptual basis and methodology, tools for measuring stress, emotional intelligence and professional communication.
Challenges in the Automotive JIS/JIT Production of Steering Wheels Involving Traceability
Authors: Mizgan Horea , Ambruş Ovidiu
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this article is to present the new challenges faced by the automotive industry and specifically by the steering wheel producers in terms of product design changes, process changes and the solution to solve them, the concept of TTM - Total Traceability Management. The article presents the traceability solution as a proved solution for managing JIS (Just in Sequency) & JIT (Just in Time) manufacturing concepts in terms of customer demand sequence attainment, process sequence attainment, and technical test verifications. The research is based on case studies deployed in production facilities, in the companies TRW and Key Safety Systems. Both entities are steering wheel producers with JIS&JIT conditioned production systems and are also using latest technology in synchronizing the traceability communication with various cars producers (Porsche, BMW, Daimler, etc.). This concept of manufacturing and delivery of the products to the famous automotive companies is crucial for the supplier including the base of business, because the entire work in this domain is completely automatic by robots. That means: all the final products (cars end others), including the components from different suppliers, also the technology of assembling, it need to be adapted in order to be performed by robots. The components as steering wheels, and many others, arrive at the assembling line at OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturing) facilities and the robots work on directly the buffers with these components in order to ensure the continuous assembling process in the condition of total flexibility and without errors.
Existence of Positive Solution for a Singular Fourth–Order Differential System
Authors: Kovács B.
Published: November 2021

This paper investigates the existence of positive solutions for a fourth-order differential system using a fixed point theorem of cone expansion and compression type.
Diplomatic Steps of the Antall Government towards the Euro-Atlantic Integration
Authors: Sáringer János
Published: November 2021

My dissertation is based on more than ten years of archival research. One of the goals of Antall’s foreign policy was the Euro-Atlantic integration. In December 1991, Hungary signed an association agreement with the European Community. By 1992, opinions on the future were divided between and within the Member States of the European Communities. There was a debate among the twelve about the concept of ‘deepening’ or ‘widening’, and the term ‘multi-speed Europe’ appeared. At this time, a number of questions arose about the full membership of the Trio in NATO, of which ‘how’ and ‘when’ came first. It has also been suggested whether it would be more appropriate to intensify economic and political cooperation rather than military ones. Perhaps the NACC should be thoroughly expanded first and then move on to expanding the range of full member states?
The Problem of Transylvania in the Emigration Correspondence of Count Béla Teleki from the End of the Second World War to the Abolition of the Communist Regime
Authors: Murádin János Kristóf
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study is to analyse the voluminous emigration correspondence of Count Béla Teleki in order to highlight his main thoughts about the future of Transylvania. Béla Teleki was one of the most important Transylvanian politicians in the middle of the 20th century. His political career reached its peak at the time when Northern Transylvania was regained by Hungary after the Second Vienna Award. At the end of the Second World War, Teleki was persecuted by the Secret Police of the new Hungarian Communist Regime. Starting from 1951, he lived in the United States until his death on 7 February 1990. During the decades of his life in emigration, he carried on a great correspondence with the leading personalities of the Hungarian emigration in the West, several members of the American Senate, and even with President Gerald Ford. In this way, Béla Teleki became one of the central personalities of the Hungarian emigration in the Western World. His opinion, his voice were determining. This study summarizes the most important theme Béla Teleki was preoccupied with, the future of Transylvania, as he imagined it, by making a short analysis of his correspondence consisting of thousands of letters.
Economic Stabilization after the Treaty of Trianon: Challenges and Possibilities
Authors: Domonkos Endre
Published: November 2021

The ‘Great War’ had harmful impacts on Hungary’s national economy. With the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the former self-sufficient economic unit broke into six different entities, which had far-reaching consequences in Central and Eastern Europe. Economic difficulties were further aggravated by rampant inflation. Finally, the loss of the majority of raw materials by the Treaty of Trianon meant that Hungary was cut off from its sources of supply.

The following paper examines the impacts of economic reconstruction in Hungary. The analysis also focuses on the development of industry, agriculture, and trade in the 1920s.
Cyber Security Strategies of the Visegrád Group States and Romania
Authors: Nagy Milada
Published: November 2021

Among security challenges that have emerged on nation-state level, attacks in cyber space are ‘products’ of the recent past. Their significance has been overvalued especially in 2007 owing to the cyber attack against Estonia. As a consequence, it were not only the European Union (EU) and the North-Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to have created their own cyber security strategies but the majority of states have also made preparations for preventing and deterring threats from the cyber space. States of the Visegrád Four (V4) and Romania, though all full members of both the EU and the NATO, have prepared their own cyber security strategies.

The objective of this study is to offer a comparative analysis of cyber security strategies of the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, and Romania, contrasting them to the relevant documents of the EU and the NATO, pointing out the identities and differences. A further essential element of the research is the description of the cooperation between V4 members in the implementation of cyber security strategies and of the chances of broader regional cooperation in the given field based on the jointly adopted documents or on other grounds. One important step in this area was the adoption of the Central European Cyber Security Platform in 2013. This common move, joined also by Austria, is directed mainly at technical exercises. However, the functioning of the Platform is not free from difficulties. Therefore, V4 members have undertaken to find common solutions, including education and professional training for the further development of regional cooperation and widening its spectrum.
Changes in the Townscape of Lampertszásza (Berehove/Beregszász) in the 13th–15th Centuries
Authors: Józsa Attila , Zubánics László
Published: November 2021

Across the River Tisza, there lies a town, Berehove (hereinafter also referred to as Beregszász [Hu]), situated on the north-eastern edge of the Great Hungarian Plain with the wind swaying ears of wheat, on the flatlands surrounded by rustling oak forests, gold-sweating trachyte mountains, and rivers subsiding upon reaching the plain. It is a veritable fairy garden, a small piece of the realm that out foremother, Emese, dreamt of back in the day. Places, just as people, have their own destinies: they emerge, evolve, thrive, and then, if they are destined so, disappear from the stage of history. The very first mention of Berehove dates back to early 1063, recorded under the name Lamperti, as the estate of Prince Lampert, son of Béla I of Hungary. Prince Lampert founded the later town. At the time, a small settlement must have been situated here with the prince’s countryseat inhabited by the garrison and the household servants. Residents of the house were mostly the gamekeepers and huntsmen of Bereg Forest County.

To fully uncover the past is not possible – at the very most, some attempts can be made at its reconstruction by drawing on contemporary sources and relying on archaeological research. The mediaeval layout of the settlement is known from the available sources and serves as a basis for the present study in its efforts to reconstruct the settlement image of the historical town centre and to find out why Lampertszásza did not embark on the path of the ‘classic, city wall/fortification’ type of settlement development. The parish church is the only building of the mediaeval townscape that has survived partially, which, however, provides us with indications about the contemporary buildings of the one-time reginal town and the related ‘block of church buildings’.
Preface: Law and Legal Linguistics in a Constant State of Transition
Authors: Wagner Anne , Matulewska Aleksandra
Published: November 2021

Legal linguistics or jurilinguistics as it has been called recently, is a relatively new field of research. The first research into the field started with analysing the content of laws (the epistemic stage). Later on, lawyers started being interested in manners of communicating laws (the heuristic stage). This Special Issue of Comparative Legilinguistics contains two texts devoted to the development of legal linguistics, legal languages and legal translation and two papers on an institutional stratification of legal linguistics. It is a continuation of research published in the same journal (Special Issue no. 45 titled “The Evil Twins and Their Silent Otherness in Law and Legal Translation”) providing some insights into the problems of communication in legal settings.
Direction-Asymmetric Equivalence in Legal Translation
Authors: Duběda Tomáš
Published: November 2021

The concept of equivalence, despite the criticism it has received in the past decades, remains a useful framework for the study of correspondence between legal terms. In the present article, I address the question of direction-asymmetric equivalence in legal translation, i.e. equivalence that does not obey the “one-to-one” principle, and which usually implies that the translator’s decision-making is more difficult in one direction than in the other. This asymmetry may be triggered by intrinsic semantic characteristics of legal terms (synonymy and polysemy), by differences between legal systems (system-specific terms, the procedures used for their translation and their handling in lexicographic sources, competing legal systems, tension between cultural boundedness and neutrality), or by social factors (L1 vs. L2 translation). The instances of directional asymmetry discussed are illustrated with examples from French and Czech.
A Comparative Study of the Rhetorical Functions and Features of Personal Pronouns in English and Chinese Legal News
Authors: Zhang Qing
Published: November 2021

This paper mainly discusses the distribution and rhetorical functions of personal pronouns in English and Chinese legal news reports which is divided into two narrative types, the objective and the semi-dialogic. Through the comparative analysis of some English and Chinese legal news texts in the two types, it finds that the differences in narrative type directly affect the distribution of personal pronouns. In objective narrative, the use of third person pronouns accounts for an absolute proportion, and the frequency of using first person and second person pronouns is close to zero. In semi-dialogic narrative, the use of third person pronouns is still the highest, but only slightly higher than the use of first person and second person pronouns, accounting for only a small number. After analysis, this paper holds that there are three reasons for the uneven distribution: first, the differences between the dialogic style and the narrative style; second, the legal narrative being a story narrative; third, the specific restrictions on the use of legal rhetoric.
An Analysis of the “Right of Termination”, “Right of Cancellation” and “Right of Withdrawal” in off-Premises and Distance Contracts According to EU Directives
Authors: Giampieri Patrizia
Published: November 2021

Several are the European Directives dedicated to e-commerce, focussing on consumer rights, the distance marketing of consumer financial services and the protection of consumers indistance contracts.In contract law, the terms “termination”, “withdrawal”and “cancellation”have peculiar and distinct meaning. Nonetheless, they tend to be misused and applied interchangeably. This article will shed light on these relevant terms in thelight of EU Directives on the protection of consumer rights in off-premises and distance contracts.To do so, it will first present instances in which the meaningand use of these terms is either clear-cut or somehow blurred. By analysing word usage and meaning in context, it will explore how EU Directives, and EU drafters in general, made(un)ambiguous distinctions. Then, it will investigate whether English-speaking drafters (such as those of the pre-Brexit UK, Ireland and Malta) made a consistent use ofsuch terms. Finally, this paper will explore whether online conditions of sale writtenin English by non-English speaking sellers or traders (such as Italian and Polish) also make a consistent use of the terms.The paper findings highlight that the use andlegal purpose of these terms in European Directives have not been particularly consistent over the years. Furthermore, Member States’system-specificity has weighed on the meaning, application and scope of the terms. On the other hand, at EU level the absence of a unique legal system of reference and the challenges of harmonization may have created false equivalences.
Anchor of cultural forest services in the national forest policies of Central European countries
Authors: Hochmalová Miroslava , Červená Tereza , Purwestri Ratna Chrismiari , Hájek Miroslav , Sloup Roman
Published: November 2021

Forests and human connection with nature have a major impact on human health. Through exercise and recreation in the forest, people receive many benefits from forest ecosystem services (FES) which have a positive impact on their physical and mental health. The paper tackles two main goals i) the first one is an overview of existing literature related to human health and well-being derived from forests in the countries of Central Europe published in the Scopus database. ii) The second goal was to create an overview of policy instruments related to forest cultural services (FCS) in the forest policy documents of selected Central European countries (CEC). A partial goal of the research is to identify gaps and to find a focus of future research in the field of human forest well-being and FES. The results showed that on the national level there is a lack of guidelines for culture services and their anchor in legislative documents. A challenge for the anchor of cultural services is to improve communication between different resort organizations and forest stakeholders. For future research is recommended to survey the forest impact on human health that would provide a base for creating a platform for policy tools related to FCS and help to set up recreation planning in European forests.
Theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of international forest political processes by stakeholders´ perceptions at national level
Authors: Halušková Lenka , Dobšinská Zuzana , Šálka Jaroslav
Published: November 2021

Forests cover about 30% of the world´s land area and provide people and nature with essential ecosystem services and goods. Despite their importance, forests continue to be degraded. A variety of international forest governance and policy arrangements have developed to foster protection and sustainability of forests. However, number of studies point to nonexistence of a global forest policy regime per se, and growing institutional fragmentation of forest governance arrangements. In line with continuing priority of national sovereignty in the international regulation of forest policy, the role of domestic policies, mainly domestic forest policy actors, is considered central to international forest governance analysis by many researchers. The paper aimed to set the framework for the international forest policy analysis by domestic forestry stakeholders´ perceptions. The dimensions of Policy Arrangements Approach modified for purpose of meeting the nature of research, serve as theoretical foundations. In the first part, the paper aim to define dimensions theoretically. In the second part, specific international forest-focused political processes are described through adapted dimensions. The two steps serve as the basis for research to be subsequently applied in selected European countries.
Comparative analysis of regulatory framework related to private forest management in Slovenia and Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Malovrh Špela Pezdevšek , Avdibegović Mersudin
Published: November 2021

Forest policy and forest ownership patterns in Slovenia and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) have changed considerably in recent decades due to unprecedented scale of social, political and economic change. The distribution of ownership types varies between the countries – in Slovenia private forest ownership predominates (77%), while in FBiH only about 20% of forest is private-owned. In both countries, private forest properties are small-scale and fragmented, which affects management opportunities and the scale at which policy interventions need to be made. This paper analyses the Slovenian and Central Bosnia Cantonal Law on Forests to assess how the regulatory framework affects private forest owners’ (PFOs) rights, forest management and accelerates cooperation of PFOs. Both laws impose exclusive rights and responsibilities of PFOs, as well as limitation on how they can use their forests. In both countries, legislation contains detailed regulations for forest management activities and stipulate that mandatory forest management plans (FMPs) are an important tool that supports the implementation of sustainable forest management. In Slovenia, FMPs are prepared as common plans for all forests regardless the ownership, while in FBiH the Cantonal Law prescribes a separate forest management planning system for private forests. To improve the efficiency of private forest management, both laws support voluntary cooperation of PFOs. From the analysis, it can be concluded that there is a need for better harmonisation of public and private interests in relation to forest resources, especially in the case of FBiH, and that the deregulation of property right is needed as well as that the level of involvement of PFOs in the forest policy making process is unsatisfactory, in most cases only formal.
Stakeholders and their view on forest-based bioeconomy in Slovakia
Authors: Navrátilová Lenka , Výbošťok Jozef , Šálka Jaroslav
Published: November 2021

Within the concept of bioeconomy at Slovak level, forestry is often seen as a key sector. For that reason, the concept of forest-based bioeconomy gained a specific importance. To this concept is on the European level already paid increasing attention not only in research, but also in politics. Whether or not the forest-based bioeconomy will have a success in Slovakia is greatly dependent on stakeholders´ perception and attitude towards the concept. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to identify stakeholders´ perception of forest-based bioeconomy. To achieve this, we identified 13 stakeholders from various, bioeconomy-related, sectors that were suitable for qualitative interviewing. The respondents are representants of public and private organizations and are active in relevant areas. The study was conducted using structured interview consisting of 12 questions. Respondents in general tend to lean towards forest-based bioeconomy, as they feel that it brings more opportunities (for the forest and wood-processing sector, economy, industry, nature protection) than risks. However, a threat has presented itself during the study, being the fact that forest stakeholders do not feel to be sufficiently involved in bioeconomy discussion. For the bioeconomy to fulfil its role as an all-purpose weapon, there is an urgent need for more precise policy guidance and for involving of all relevant stakeholders into discussion.
State forest administration performance in the Czech Republic: A case study of forestry legislation implementation in the South Bohemian Region
Authors: Hrib Michal , Riedl Marcel , Hýsková Petra , Maršík Jaroslav , Jarkovská Martina
Published: November 2021

In the Czech Republic, the present state forest administration is incorporated into general state administration. Municipalities with extended competence (MECs) as first-instance forest administration bodies thus perform the so-called “mixed” administration. Besides forestry, MECs cumulatively perform hunting and fishing administration, observing several different laws. On an example of three MECs in South Bohemia (České Budějovice, Týn nad Vltavou and Písek), the paper analyses the decision-making processes and control activities concerning the implementation of administrative activity, particularly the Forest Act. The findings show that during the observed period 2011–2015, the most frequently conducted administrative proceedings under the Forest Act involved binding opinions regarding permission for buildings at a distance of fewer than 50 m from the forest and decisions on timber harvesting. Other frequently performed acts somewhat surprisingly concerned issuing licenses for professional forest managers and decisions whether or not the land fulfils forest functions. Based on the findings, the paper also suggests stimuli and suggestions (de lege ferenda) for changes in the Forest Act and other regulations relating to this issue.
Phytochemical analysis and cytotoxicity evaluation of flowering buds of Bauhinia variegata L.
Authors: Abbasi Anham Shahid , Najam-Us-Saqib Qazi , Atta-Ur-Rehman  , Nisar-Ur-Rahman
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
Bauhinia variegata is used in traditional medicine in Pakistan.

Objective: The present study was designated to analyze phytochemical screening and cytotoxicity assay of crude aqueous and methanol extracts of flowering buds of Bauhinia variegata.

Methods: Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of both extracts were performed by using standard protocols while brine shrimp lethality assay was conducted for cytotoxicity analysis of both extracts.

Results: The highest levels of phenolics, flavonoids and terpenoids were observed in methanol extract with respective standard drugs. The aminoacid content was highest followed by phenol and flavonoids in crude aqueous extract of the raw materials. In cytotoxic studies (brine shrimp lethality assay) the use of methanol extract was reported as potent with LD50 of 241.778 µg/ml as compared to aqueous extract with LD50 of 489.7061 µg/ml.

Conclusion: This study reveals that the presence of bioactive compounds in both extracts are responsible for the treatment of various ailments and being utilized by the traditional folks as a food as well. And showed that methanol extract possess cytotoxic activity and thus needs further scientific intervention for its value addition.
Wild collection of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) for commercial purposes in Poland - a system’s analysis
Authors: Sucholas Joanna , Ukhanova Mariya , Greinwald Anja , Luick Rainer
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Poland is one of the main exporters of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) in Europe. A substantial part of this plant material is collected in the wild. So far, the system of wild collection (WC) of medicinal plants in Poland, its social and ecological aspects have not been studied comprehensively.

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyse the organisation of WC system in Poland, including legislation, situation of protected species, and socio-ecological dimensions of the MAPs’ supply chains.

Methods: Data from environmental agencies (RDOŚ) about protected MAPs was analysed. Stakeholders engaged in WC were interviewed. National legislation on WC was reviewed.

Results: Although Poland is the second largest exporter of MAPs in Europe, legislation on wild collection in the country is sparse and incoherent. Monitoring does not apply to WC entirely. The structure of WC has a large degree of informality, lacks transparency, and does not take many sustainability criteria into account.

Conclusions: The system needs major adjustments: a) to insure sustainability of WC, b) to accommodate market demands, including plant material quality.
Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from coffee (Coffea robusta L. Linden) bee pollen
Authors: Quoc Le Pham Tan
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Coffee bee pollen contains some precious bioactive compounds, especially phenolic compounds. This material is easily found in many regions in Vietnam and is quite useful for human health.

Objective: The main aim of this study was to determine the best extraction conditions for the total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (AC) of coffee (Coffea robusta L. Linden) bee pollen with microwave-assisted extraction (MAE).

Methods: TPC and AC of extract of coffee (C. robusta) bee pollen were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, respectively. In addition, micromorphology of sample was observed using scanning electron micrographs (SEM).

Results: The findings showed that all factors strongly affected the efficiency of the extraction process. The best extraction conditions obtained were ethanol concentration of 60% (v/v), solid to solvent ratio of 1/30 (w/v), extraction time of 7 min, and a microwave power of 314 W.

Conclusion: The highest TPC and AC obtained were 13.73 mg GAE/g DW and 10.08 µmol TE/g DW with aqueous ethanol as the solvent at the optimal extraction condition. In addition, the microstructures of the material changed insignificantly under microwave irradiation.