bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perception, Attitudes, and Experiences Regarding Mental Health Problems and Web Based Mental Health Information Amongst Young People with and without Migration Background in Germany. A Qualitative Study
Authors: Seven Ümran Sema , Stoll Mendy , Dubbert Dennis , Kohls Christian , Werner Petra , Kalbe Elke
Published: December 2020

Mental illnesses in adolescence and young adulthood are steadily increasing. Thus, mental disorders represent an individual and societal challenge and an enormous health economic burden, creating an urgent need for research and action. Mental health problems are omnipresent in the life of young people and the internet is the first resource, which helps them to understand their situation. Young people with migration background often have more difficulties accessing health care services. Digital technologies offer an ideal opportunity for a low-threshold platform that addresses the needs of young people. The current project “GeKo:mental” aims to design a multilingual website for Cologne-based adolescents and young adults that will enable them to obtain comprehensive information about mental illness and health, treatment options and first contact points. To design this website, this study aims to find out what kind of health information is needed and how it should best be presented. Nine focus group discussions with adolescents and young adults with and without migration background (N = 68) were conducted; the focus group discussions took place at schools, in an association for social youth work and in an cultural association, which is linked to a mosque in Cologne, Germany. A qualitative content analysis was conducted on the gathered material. The participants reported concrete challenges and needs. The results will form the basis for the development and design of a website.
Real-World Safety of CFTR Modulators in the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dagenais Renée , Su Victoria , Quon Bradley
Published: December 2020

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapies target the underlying cause of cystic fibrosis (CF), and are generally well-tolerated; however, real-world studies indicate the frequency of discontinuation and adverse events (AEs) may be higher than what was observed in clinical trials. The objectives of this systematic review were to summarize real-world AEs reported for market-available CFTR modulators (i.e., ivacaftor (IVA), lumacaftor/ivacaftor (LUM/IVA), tezacaftor/ivacaftor (TEZ/IVA), and elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA)), and to identify ways in which the pharmacist on CF healthcare teams may contribute to mitigating and managing these AEs. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science Core Collection online databases were searched from 2012 to 1 Aug 2020. Full manuscripts or conference abstracts of observational studies, case series, and case reports were eligible for inclusion. The included full manuscripts and conference abstracts comprised of 54 observational studies, 5 case series, and 9 case reports. The types of AEs reported generally aligned with what have been observed in clinical trials. LUM/IVA was associated with a higher frequency of respiratory-related AE and discontinuation in real-world studies. A signal for mental health and neurocognitive AEs was identified with all 4 CFTR modulators. A systematic approach to monitoring for AEs in people with CF on CFTR modulators in the real-world setting is necessary to help better understand potential AEs, as well as patient characteristics that may be associated with higher risk of certain AEs. Pharmacists play a key role in the safe initiation and monitoring of people with CF on CFTR modulator therapies.
Convalescent Plasma Transfusion for the Treatment of COVID-19—Experience from Poland: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Moniuszko-Malinowska Anna , Czupryna Piotr , Zarębska-Michaluk Dorota , Tomasiewicz Krzysztof , Pancewicz Sławomir , Rorat Marta , Dworzańska Anna , Sikorska Katarzyna , Bolewska Beata , Lorenc Beata , Chciałowski Andrzej , Kozielewicz Dorota , Oczko-Grzesik Barbara , Szymanek-Pasternak Anna , Szetela Bartosz , Figlerowicz Magdalena , Rogalska Magdalena , Zaleska Izabela , Flisiak Robert
Published: December 2020

Because the optimal treatment for COVID-19 is still unknown, it is important to explore every potential way of improving the chances of survival for COVID-19 patients. The aim of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of convalescent plasma on COVID-19 patients. The study population consisted of 78 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, selected from the SARSTer national database, who received convalescent plasma. The impact on clinical and laboratory parameters was assessed. A clinical improvement was observed in 62 (79%) patients, and 10 (13%) patients died from COVID-19. No side effects of the convalescent plasma treatment were observed. When plasma was administered earlier than 7 days from diagnosis, the total hospitalization time was shorter (p < 0.05). Plasma efficacy was inferior to remdesivir in endpoints such as the necessity and duration of oxygen therapy, the duration of hospitalization, and mortality rate, and inferior to other drugs in the case of the duration of hospitalization and the necessity of constant oxygen therapy, but comparable in most other measured endpoints. A comparison of a 30-day mortality rate in patients who received plasma and remdesivir (4/25, 16%) and who received only plasma (6/53, 11%) showed no significant difference. Convalescent plasma efficacy is inferior to remdesivir when treating COVID-19 patients but the addition of remdesivir to plasma does not improve the treatment effectiveness. In most endpoints, plasma was comparable to other treatment options. In our opinion, convalescent plasma may be used as a supportive treatment in COVID-19 patients because of the low frequency of adverse effects and availability, but must be given as early from the diagnosis as possible.
An Ingestible Electronics for Continuous and Real-Time Intraabdominal Pressure Monitoring
Authors: Liao Chien-Hung , Cheng Chi-Tung , Chen Chih-Chi , Jow Uei-Ming , Chen Chun-Hung , Lai Yen-Liang , Chen Ya-Chuan , Ho Dong-Ru
Published: December 2020

Abdominal compartment syndrome can be treated through decompressive surgery if intraabdominal hypertension (IAH) can be detected in time. Treatment delays due to manual, conventional intravesical pressure (IVP) monitoring using a Foley catheter have been reported. In this work, we present an innovative gastrointestinal intraluminal pressure (GIP) measurement-based method to monitor and improve pressure-guided relief of intraabdominal pressure (IAP). A novel algorithm for detecting IAH in the gastrointestinal tract of a live porcine model is reported. A wireless pressure-sensing capsule (10 × 13 mm) was developed for absolute measurement. The IAP was estimated during artificial pneumoperitoneum. The pressure waveform-based measurements indicated that the wireless pressure sensor could be used to predict IAP. To enhance GIP monitoring for predicting IAH, the proposed continuous ingestible wireless electronics-based pressure waveform measurement device can be used as a complement to existing modalities. The use of the proposed pressure measurement and communication technology can help provide valuable data for digital health platforms.
Efficient Removal of Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) from Aqueous Solutions by a Mineral-Rich Biochar Derived from a Spent Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Substrate
Authors: Zhang Guosheng , Liu Na , Luo Yuan , Zhang Haibo , Su Long , Oh Kokyo , Cheng Hongyan
Published: December 2020

This study evaluated the novel application of a mineral-rich biochar derived from a spent Agaricus bisporus substrate (SAS). Biochars with various pyrolysis temperatures (350–750 °C) were used to remove Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption characteristics and removal mechanisms of the biochars were investigated. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm data were fitted well by pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models. The Langmuir maximum removal capacity (Qmax) values of Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) were ordered as SAS750 > SAS350 > SAS550, and the Qmax values of SAS750 were 68.1, 55.2, and 64.8 mg·g−1, respectively. Overall, the removal mechanisms of biochar at a low production temperature (350 °C) to Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) were mainly via ion exchange (54.0, 56.0, and 43.0%), and at a moderate production temperature (550 °C), removal mechanisms were mainly via coordination with π electrons (38.3, 45.9, and 55.0%), while mineral precipitation (65.2, 44.4, and 76.3%, respectively) was the dominant mechanism at a high produced temperature (750 °C). The variation of the mutual effect of minerals and heavy metals was the predominant factor in the sorption mechanism of mineral precipitation and ion exchange. The results demonstrated that spent Agaricus bisporus substrate biochar is a potential candidate for the efficient removal of heavy metals, which provides a utilization route for spent mushroom substrates.
Biodiesel Production on Monometallic Pt, Pd, Ru, and Ag Catalysts Supported on Natural Zeolite
Authors: Mierczynski Pawel , Mosińska Magdalena , Szkudlarek Lukasz , Chalupka Karolina , Tatsuzawa Misa , Al Maskari Marwa , Maniukiewicz Waldemar , Wahono Satriyo K. , Vasilev Krasimir , Szynkowska-Jozwik Malgorzata I.
Published: December 2020

Biodiesel production from rapeseed oil and methanol via transesterification reaction facilitated by various monometallic catalyst supported on natural zeolite (NZ) was investigated. The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized catalysts were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method (BET), temperature-programmed-reduction in hydrogen (H2-TPR), temperature-programmed-desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD), Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with EDX detector (SEM-EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. The highest activity and methyl ester yields were obtained for the Pt/NZ catalyst. This catalyst showed the highest triglycerides conversion of 98.9% and fatty acids methyl esters yields of 94.6%. The activity results also confirmed the high activity of the carrier material (NZ) itself in the investigated reaction. Support material exhibited 90.5% of TG conversion and the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters yield (FAME) of 67.2%. Introduction of noble metals improves the TG conversion and FAME yield values. Increasing of the metal loading from 0.5 to 2 wt.% improves the reactivity properties of the investigated catalysts.
Fucoidan and Lung Function: Value in Viral Infection
Authors: Fitton J. Helen , Park Ah Young , Karpiniec Samuel S. , Stringer Damien N.
Published: December 2020

Compromised lung function is a feature of both infection driven and non-infective pathologies. Viral infections—including the current pandemic strain SARS-CoV-2—that affect lung function can cause both acute and long-term chronic damage. SARS-CoV-2 infection suppresses innate immunity and promotes an inflammatory response. Targeting these aspects of SARS-CoV-2 is important as the pandemic affects greater proportions of the population. In clinical and animal studies, fucoidans have been shown to increase innate immunity and decrease inflammation. In addition, dietary fucoidan has been shown to attenuate pulmonary damage in a model of acute viral infection. Direct inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro has been described, but is not universal. This short review summarizes the current research on fucoidan with regard to viral lung infections and lung damage.
Combined Focused Electron Beam-Induced Deposition and Etching for the Patterning of Dense Lines without Interconnecting Material
Authors: Hari Sangeetha , Trompenaars P. H. F. , Mulders J. J. L. , Kruit Pieter , Hagen C. W.
Published: December 2020

High resolution dense lines patterned by focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID) have been demonstrated to be promising for lithography. One of the challenges is the presence of interconnecting material, which is often carbonaceous, between the lines as a result of the Gaussian line profile. We demonstrate the use of focused electron beam-induced etching (FEBIE) as a scanning electron microscope (SEM)-based direct-write technique for the removal of this interconnecting material, which can be implemented without removing the sample from the SEM for post processing. Secondary electron (SE) imaging has been used to monitor the FEBIE process, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements confirm the fabrication of well separated FEBID lines. We further demonstrate the application of this technique for removing interconnecting material in high resolution dense lines using backscattered electron (BSE) imaging to monitor the process.
Obtaining Bioactive Compounds from the Coffee Husk (Coffea arabica L.) Using Different Extraction Methods
Authors: Silva Mariana de Oliveira , Honfoga John Nonvignon Bossis , Medeiros Lorena Lucena de , Madruga Marta Suely , Bezerra Taliana Kênia Alencar
Published: December 2020

Coffee husks (Coffea arabica L.) are characterized by exhibiting secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds, which can be used as raw material for obtaining bioactive compounds of interest in food. The objective of this study is to evaluate different methods for obtaining the raw material and extracting solutions of bioactive compounds from coffee husks. Water bath and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods were used, using water (100%) or ethanol (100%) or a mixture of both (1:1) as extracting solutions and the form of the raw material was in natura and dehydrated. The extracts were evaluated by their antioxidant potential using DPPH radicals, ABTS, and iron reduction (ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)), and later total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and condensed tannins were quantified the phenolic majority compounds were identified. It was verified that the mixture of water and ethanol (1:1) showed better extraction capacity of the compounds with antioxidant activity and that both conventional (water bath) or unconventional (ultrasound) methods showed satisfactory results. Finally, a satisfactory amount of bioactive compounds was observed in evaluating the chemical composition (total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, condensed tannins, as well as the analysis of the phenolic profile) of these extracts. Corroborating with the results of the antioxidant activities, the best extracting solution was generally the water and ethanol mixture (1:1) using a dehydrated husk and water bath as the best method, presenting higher levels of the bioactive compounds in question, with an emphasis on chlorogenic acid. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of coffee husk as raw material to obtain extracts of bioactive compounds is promising. Last, the conventional method (water bath) and the water and ethanol mixture (1:1) stood out among the methods and extracting solutions used for the dehydrated coffee husk.
Creatine Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Liver Damage by Inhibiting Liver Fibrosis, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Cellular Senescence
Authors: Aljobaily Nouf , Viereckl Michael J. , Hydock David S. , Aljobaily Hend , Wu Tsung-Yen , Busekrus Raquel , Jones Brandon , Alberson Jammie , Han Yuyan
Published: December 2020

Background: Treatment with the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX) may lead to toxicities that affect non-cancer cells including the liver. Supplementing the diet with creatine (Cr) has been suggested as a potential intervention to minimize DOX-induced side effects, but its effect in alleviating DOX-induced hepatoxicity is currently unknown. Therefore, we aimed to examine the effects of Cr supplementation on DOX-induced liver damage. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a diet supplemented with 2% Cr for four weeks, 4% Cr for one week followed by 2% Cr for three more weeks, or control diet for four weeks. Animals then received either a bolus i.p. injection of DOX (15 mg/kg) or saline as a placebo. Animals were then sacrificed five days-post injection and markers of hepatoxicity were analyzed using the liver-to-body weight ratio, aspartate transaminase (AST)-to- alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lipemia, and T-Bilirubin. In addition, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Picro-Sirius Red staining, and immunofluorescence staining for CD45, 8-OHdG, and β-galactosidase were performed to evaluate liver morphology, fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular senescence, respectively. The mRNA levels for biomarkers of liver fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and senescence-related genes were measured in liver tissues. Chromosomal stability was evaluated using global DNA methylation ELISA. Results: The ALT/AST ratio and liver to body weight ratio tended to increase in the DOX group, and Cr supplementation tended to attenuate this increase. Furthermore, elevated levels of liver fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and senescence were observed with DOX treatment, and Cr supplementation prior to DOX treatment ameliorated this hepatoxicity. Moreover, DOX treatment resulted in chromosomal instability (i.e., altered DNA methylation profile), and Cr supplementation showed a tendency to restore chromosomal stability with DOX treatment. Conclusion: The data suggest that Cr protected against DOX-induced hepatotoxicity by attenuating fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and senescence.
Development and In Vitro Evaluation of 5-Fluorouracil-Eluting Stents for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer and Cancer-Related Obstruction
Authors: Arafat Mohammad , Fouladian Paris , Wignall Anthony , Song Yunmei , Parikh Ankit , Albrecht Hugo , Prestidge Clive A. , Garg Sanjay , Blencowe Anton
Published: December 2020

Self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) are currently the gold standard for the localised management of malignant gastrointestinal (GI) stenosis and/or obstructions. Despite encouraging clinical success, in-stent restenosis caused by tumour growth is a significant challenge. Incorporating chemotherapeutic drugs into GI stents is an emerging strategy to provide localised and sustained release of drugs to intestinal malignant tissues to prevent tumour growth. Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop and evaluate a local GI stent-based delivery system that provides a controlled release of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) over a course of several weeks to months, for the treatment of colorectal cancer and cancer-related stenosis/obstructions. The 5FU-loaded GI stents were fabricated via sequential dip-coating of commercial GI stents with a drug-loaded polyurethane (PU) basecoat and a drug-free poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (PEVA) topcoat. For comparison, two types of commercial stents were investigated, including bare and silicone (Si) membrane-covered stents. The physicochemical properties of the 5FU-loaded stents were evaluated using photoacoustic Fourier-transform infrared (PA-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermal analysis. In vitro release studies in biological medium revealed that the 5FU-loaded stents provided a sustained release of drug over the period studied (18 d), and cell viability, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis assays showed that the released 5FU had comparable anticancer activity against human colon cancer cells (HCT-116) to pure 5FU. This study demonstrates that dip-coating is a facile and reliable approach for fabricating drug-eluting stents (DESs) that are promising candidates for the treatment of GI obstructions and/or restenosis.
Modeling and Simulation of Process Technology for Nanoparticulate Drug Formulations—A Particle Technology Perspective
Authors: Uhlemann Jens , Diedam Holger , Hoheisel Werner , Schikarski Tobias , Peukert Wolfgang
Published: December 2020

Crystalline organic nanoparticles and their amorphous equivalents (ONP) have the potential to become a next-generation formulation technology for dissolution-rate limited biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class IIa molecules if the following requisites are met: (i) a quantitative understanding of the bioavailability enhancement benefit versus established formulation technologies and a reliable track record of successful case studies are available; (ii) efficient experimentation workflows with a minimum amount of active ingredient and a high degree of digitalization via, e.g., automation and computer-based experimentation planning are implemented; (iii) the scalability of the nanoparticle-based oral delivery formulation technology from the lab to manufacturing is ensured. Modeling and simulation approaches informed by the pharmaceutical material science paradigm can help to meet these requisites, especially if the entire value chain from formulation to oral delivery is covered. Any comprehensive digitalization of drug formulation requires combining pharmaceutical materials science with the adequate formulation and process technologies on the one hand and quantitative pharmacokinetics and drug administration dynamics in the human body on the other hand. Models for the technical realization of the drug production and the distribution of the pharmaceutical compound in the human body are coupled via the central objective, namely bioavailability. The underlying challenges can only be addressed by hierarchical approaches for property and process design. The tools for multiscale modeling of the here-considered particle processes (e.g., by coupled computational fluid dynamics, population balance models, Noyes–Whitney dissolution kinetics) and physiologically based absorption modeling are available. Significant advances are being made in enhancing the bioavailability of hydrophobic compounds by applying innovative solutions. As examples, the predictive modeling of anti-solvent precipitation is presented, and options for the model development of comminution processes are discussed.
Predominance and Diversity of GLRaV-3 in Native Vines of Mediterranean Croatia
Authors: Hančević Katarina , Saldarelli Pasquale , Čarija Mate , Černi Silvija , Zdunić Goran , Mucalo Ana , Radić Tomislav
Published: December 2020

Sixteen grapevine cultivars from Mediterranean Croatia were surveyed for the presence of 10 of the most economically important grapevine viruses. The presence of Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Grapevine leafroll associated virus-1, -2, and -3 (GLRaV-1; GLRaV-2 and GLRaV-3), Grapevine virus A (GVA) and B (GVB), Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), Grapevine rupestris stem pitting associated virus (GRSPaV), and Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) were tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All 71 analyzed clones were positive for the presence of one or more viruses. The most abundant one, detected in almost 95% of samples was GLRaV-3. In most of cases it was reported in mixed infections with GVA, GRSPaV, and GPGV. Virus genomes of GLRaV-3 infected vines were further characterized molecularly in order to determine their genetic diversity. Different genomic variants of heat shock 70 protein homologue (HSP70h) were identified by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and sequenced. Sequence analysis confirmed their clustering into phylogenetic group I and/or phylogenetic group II. This study emphasizes the wide virus heterogenicity in Mediterranean vines and the predominant presence of GLRaV-3 phylogenetic groups I and II, either individually or in combination.
Plant Sources Responsible for the Chemical Composition and Main Bioactive Properties of Poplar-Type Propolis
Authors: Dezmirean Daniel Severus , Paşca Claudia , Moise Adela Ramona , Bobiş Otilia
Published: December 2020

Propolis is a resinous mixture, made by the honeybees from substances collected from tree or other plant buds, plant exudates, or resins found in the stem, branches, or leaves of different plants. The geographical origin of propolis is given by plant sources from respective areas. Different studies have classified this bee product according to the vegetal material from the same areas. Poplar-type propolis has the widest spread in the world, in the temperate zones from Europe, Asia, or North America. The name is given by the main plant source from where the bees are collecting the resins, although other vegetal sources are present in the mentioned areas. Different Pinus spp., Prunus spp., Acacia spp. and also Betula pendula, Aesculus hippocastanum, and Salix alba are important sources of resins for “poplar-type” propolis. The aim of this review is to identify the vegetal material’s chemical composition and activities of plant resins and balms used by the bees to produce poplar-type propolis and to compare it with the final product from similar geographical regions. The relevance of this review is to find the similarities between the chemical composition and properties of plant sources and propolis. The latest determination methods of bioactive compounds from plants and propolis are also reviewed.
An Inositol 1,3,4,5,6-Pentakisphosphate 2-Kinase 1 Mutant with a 33-nt Deletion Showed Enhanced Tolerance to Salt and Drought Stress in Rice
Authors: Jiang Meng , Liu Yanhua , Li Ruiqing , Li Shan , Tan Yuanyuan , Huang Jianzhong , Shu Qingyao
Published: December 2020

OsIPK1 encodes inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase, which catalyzes the conversion of myo-inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate to myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate (IP6) in rice. By clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein (Cas9)-mediated mutagenesis in the 3rd exon of the gene, three OsIPK1 mutations, i.e., osipk1_1 (a 33-nt deletion), osipk1_2 (a 1-nt deletion), and osipk1_3 (a 2-nt deletion) were identified in T0 plants of the rice line Xidao #1 (wild type, WT). A transfer DNA free line with the homozygous osipk1_1 mutation was developed; however, no homozygous mutant lines could be developed for the other two mutations. The comparative assay showed that the osipk1_1 mutant line had a significantly lower level of phytic acid (PA, IP6; −19.5%) in rice grain and agronomic traits comparable to the WT. However, the osipk1_1 mutant was more tolerant to salt and drought stresses than the WT, with significantly lower levels of inositol triphosphate (IP3), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced IP6, and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes in seedlings subjected to these stresses. Further analyses showed that the transcription of stress response genes was significantly upregulated in the osipk1_1 mutant under stress. Thus, the low phytic acid mutant osipk1_1 should have potential applications in rice breeding and production.
Phase Equilibrium, Morphology, and Physico-Mechanics in Epoxy–Thermoplastic Mixtures with Upper and Lower Critical Solution Temperatures
Authors: Shapagin Alexey V. , Budylin Nikita Yu. , Chalykh Anatoly E. , Solodilov Vitaliy I. , Korokhin Roman A. , Poteryaev Arkadiy A.
Published: December 2020

The mutual solubility of epoxy oligomer with polysulfone (PSU) and polyethersulfone (PES) was studied by optical interferometry. Additionally, phase diagrams (PDs) were plotted and their evolution during the curing process was shown. The phase structures of modified hardened systems, as well as their tensile strengths, elastic moduli, and crack resistance, have been studied by scanning electron microscopy and physico-mechanical techniques. The effect of initial components’ mutual solubility on the phase structure and, subsequently, on the physico-mechanical properties of the composite material is shown. Differences in the structure and properties of the cured modified compositions depending on the type of PD (with Upper Critical Solution Temperature (UCST) for PSU and Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) for PES) of the initial components are shown.
Svan Funeral Dirges (Zär): Musical Acoustical Analysis of a New Collection of Field Recordings
Authors: SCHERBAUM Frank , MZHAVANADZE Nana
Published: December 2020

This paper is a companion paper to Mzhavanadze & Scherbaum (2020). Jointly, the two papers describe the results of an interdisciplinary study of three-voiced Svan funeral dirges, known as zär in Svan and zari in Georgian. In the present paper, to which we refer as paper 1, we analyze the musical acoustical properties of a new set of field recordings collected during an ethnomusicological field expedition to Georgia in 2016. The aim of the study is to investigate the tonal organization of eleven different performances of six different variants of zär, performed by singers from different villages. For some of the performances, we observe a strong gradual pitch rise of up to 100 cents per minute. The intra-variant differences in the performances of different groups of singers were observed to be remarkably different, including the use of significantly different harmonic tuning systems. In contrast, two subsequent performances of the Mest’ia variant of zär by a group of singers recorded in Zargǟsh were essentially identical. This demonstrates the widespread absence of improvisational elements in these two performances. One of the most interesting results of our analysis is the observation that the musical structure of zär, expressed, for example, in its ambitus, the complexity of its melodic progression, and its harmonic chord inventory, change systematically along the course of the Enguri valley.
ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ 3D-ПЕЧАТИ ОДНОСТАДИЙНЫМ
ПОЛИСТИРОЛБЕТОНОМ
Authors:   Молодин В.В., Гасенко И.И., Тимин П.Л.
Published: December 2020

Предлагаемые строительному рынку 3D- принтеры могут послойно
выполнять несъёмную опалубку для последующего заполнения её армированным
конструкционным бетоном и утеплителем. Применение одностадийного полистиролбетона
с гранулами полистирола, вспучивающимися непосредственно в рабочей головке принтера,
позволяют послойно формировать утеплённую стену на всю её ширину, сократив операцию
возведения до одного технологического передела.
ДИДАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ
КЫРГЫЗСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ ПАКИСТАНСКИХ СТУДЕНТОВ ПРИ
СОПОСТАВЛЕНИИ С ЯЗЫКОМ УРДУ
Authors:   Сыдыкбаева М.М., Джалилова Б.Т.
Published: December 2020

Среди методик изучения иностранных языков можно выделить опыт
преподавания близкого нам русского языка как иностранного. Российские ученые изучили и
практиковали два способа преподавания языка как иностранного. Первый метод –
преподавание путем перевода, а второй - преподавание без языка-посредника. Из этих
отработанных методов мы выбрали сравнительный метод обучения кыргызскому языку для
наших иностранных студентов.
ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ ПРОЦЕССА ОБУЧЕНИЯ В
НАЧАЛЬНЫХ ШКОЛАХ НА ОСНОВЕ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ
ЗНАНИЙ И ОПЫТА
Authors:   Юсупова А.М., Камбарова Н.Р.
Published: December 2020

В данной статье обобщены научные взгляды и исследования по
формированию экологического образования в процессе обучения учащихся начальной школы.
Также в ней освещены вопросы обучения и воспитания учащихся развитию экологического
сознания, экологического образования, культуры, заботы о природе и гуманного подхода к ней
с раннего возраста.
ТЕХНОЛОГИИ СЛЕДУЮЩЕГО ПОКОЛЕНИЯ И БУДУЩЕЕ
ТОРГОВЛИ
Authors: Ашимов А.П.
Published: December 2020

В статье утверждается, что, несмотря на растущую сегодня торговую
напряженность, растущий национализм и замедление мировой торговли товарами,
глобализация не отступает. Вместо этого он входит в новую главу, которая движется
потоками информации и данных, а также технологическими изменениями, которые
изменяют цепочки создания стоимости в отрасли.
ТЕХНИЧЕСКАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА В СЕРВИСНОМ
ОБСЛУЖИВАНИИ ГРУЗОВЫХ АВТОМОБИЛЕЙ
Authors:   Оморов Н.А., Мирзакматов К.Ж., Осумбекова Н.Р.
Published: December 2020

В статье рассматривается о технологических процессах при сервисном обслуживании
грузовых автомобилей а также методы их диагностики.
La utilización de las encuestas de movilidad domiciliaria para un análisis de accesibilidad: Aplicación para el caso de acceso a Centros Educativos en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires
Authors: Neri Natalia Verónica , Galeota Carla , Capelli Lucila
Published: December 2020

Entender los desafíos de accesibilidad es una demanda creciente para las políticas públicas de transporte y movilidad del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Este trabajo describe la metodología utilizada para analizar la accesibilidad a centros educativos de niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires a partir de una encuesta de movilidad domiciliaria. De esta manera el artículo aborda cómo una encuesta domiciliaria puede utilizarse para un análisis territorial, dejando manifiesto sus debilidades y fortalezas como herramienta metodológica.
Teatro en tiempos de pandemia. Entrevista a la productora mexicana "Tercera Llamada".
Authors: Solis Miranda Regina , Valcheff García Fernando Nahuel , Hermo Nieto Sara
Published: December 2020

Entrevista realizada en el mes de julio de 2020 a la compañía mexicana de teatro Tercera Llamada que recoge los testimonios de Ana Bracho, productora y socia fundadora, y Quetzalli Cortés, actor y director, acerca del proyecto de teatro virtual #LiveOnlineNow. Esta modalidad de puesta en escena de obras en vivo a través de la plataforma Zoom fue implementada por la compañía a comienzos de abril de 2020 como respuesta a las medidas de confinamiento social que obligaron a la suspensión de los espectáculos teatrales presenciales como consecuencia de la pandemia de COVID-19. Dialogamos con ambos acerca de las motivaciones, procesos y experiencias vinculados con esta práctica, los cambios en la implementación y recepción de las performances con respecto al teatro tradicional, y los desafíos de cara a las dificultades presentes y futuras que enfrenta el sector.
The Effect Of Rainfall Relationship periode 2003 – 2013 Of Groundwater South Jakarta Region
Authors: Dian Arini , Sulaksana Nana , Asseggaf A.
Published: December 2020

ABSTRAKKebutuhan air bersih di Jakarta sangat meningkat sehingga pemerintah daerah mulai melakukan pengamatan muka airtanah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis fluktuasi muka airtanah pada AWLR, intensitas curah hujan, dan penampang bawah permukaan pada beberapa buah titik logbor selama tahun 2003 - 2013 di wilayah Jakarta Selatan. Jumlah curah hujan di daerah penelitian berkisar antara 0,2 - 831,4 mm/bulan. Dari data AWLR dapat diketahui ketinggian muka airtanah berkisar antara 9,29 - 13,97 m aml, terdangkal terjadi pada bulan Oktober - Febuari (ketika musim penghujan) dan ketinggian muka airtanah terdalam berkisar antara14,60 - 20,41 m aml terjadi pada bulan Maret - September (ketika musim kemarau). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi adanya pengaruh hubungan curah hujan dan muka airtanah dengan karakteristik sistem akuifer yang berada pada daerah penelitian sekitarnya khususnya di Jakarta Selatan. Berdasarkan analisis tenggang waktu dan fluktuasi muka airtanah yang dipengaruhi oleh intensitas curah hujan.Serta adanya lapisan akuitar pada penampang geologi dan posisi muka airtanah yang terdapat dibagian atas lapisan akuifer, maka dapat dikatakan bahwa sistem akuifer yang terdapat di daerah penelitian bersifat semi tertekan. Sistem akuifer tersebut pada bagian atasnya merupakan material berbutir halus (akuitar) sehingga airtanah masih memungkinkan untuk bergerak di dalamnya.Kata kunci: airtanah, AWLR, curah hujan, fluktuasi, JakartaABSTRACTThe need for clean water in Jakarta has increased significantly, so the groundwater levels of Jakarta Groundwater Basin need to be researched. This research was conducted by analyzing the fluctuation of the groundwater level using the AWLR data, rainfall intensity, and subsurface sections to several logbor during the year of 2003 - 2013 in South Jakarta area. Rainfall event in the area is in range of 0.2 mm/year up to 831.4 mm/year. From the AWLR data, the highest groundwater level were at 9.29 - 13.97 masl in October - Febuari (during rainy season) and the deepest groundwater level were at 14.60 - 20.41 masl) in March - September (during dry season). Based on the analysis of the timescale and the groundwater level fluctuations that influenced by rainfall, and the aquitard layer in the geology section, and groundwater level exist above the aquifer, so that the aquifer system in this regions is classified as semi depressed aquifer. In this aquifer system, the underlying material is fine grained (aquitard) that allows groundwater moving inside the layer.Keywords: groundwater, AWLR, rainfall, fluctuation, Jakarta
RUMPON ATRAKTOR IJUK UNTUK PERIKANAN REKREASI DI KABUPATEN ACEH JAYA PROVINSI ACEH
Authors: Hafinuddin Hafinuddin , Nasution Muhammad Arif
Published: December 2020

The traditional fish aggregating devices (FADs) have been assist fishing gear i.e. surface gill nets and hand lines to catching pelagic fish. The traditional FADs have been used by partners of fishermen in Aceh Jaya District and that is increased operational/maintenance costs and decreased fishermen's profits. In addition, areca leaves or coconut leaves are increasingly difficult to obtain. Therefore, the palm fiber FAD technology is expected to be able to increase fishermen's income and satisfaction for community who catch fish for fishing recreation or fishing sport. The approach to solving problems was carried out with education, training and mentoring. This community partnership program (PKM) activity was carried out from January to March 2020. The output of PKM activities is to increasing knowledge and skills for fishing communities. In addition, applied of palm fiber FADs can be better than traditional FADs and can be effect to fisherman’s income of recreational fisheries.
Відживлення національної держави
Authors: Bilyi Oleg , Vovk Vira
Published: December 2020

У статті ідеться про відродження національної держави у добу глобальних і регіональних криз, послаблення міжнародних інституцій на тлі кардинальних геополітичних викликів. Одними з головних цілей наукової розвідки є осмислення ідеї національної держави у політичному дискурсі сьогодення, аналіз культурно-історичного підгрунтя міфу держави як такої. У центрі уваги авторів перебуває теорія наступального реалізму як основа розуміння сучасних тенденцій міжнародного розвитку. Чільне місце серед наукових сюжетів статті посідає історія такої вікопомної події у житті Європи, як Брекзит. Глобальні і регіональні кризи, як епідемія коронавірусу, рівночасно як і кризи регіональні - Брекзит, сприяють відживленню такої культурно-історичної форми як національна держава, так само як відживлення міфу держави як такої. Будь-який універсалізм по суті є лише експансіоністською ідеологією, покликаною утверджувати партикулярні соціальні, політичні і культурні цінності, прикладом чого є національна держава.
До реконструкції філософського дискурсу толерантності: європейський та український контексти
Authors: Usov Dmytro
Published: December 2020

Актуальність обраної теми статті зумовлена практичними та теоретичними причинами. По-перше, йдеться про важливість цілісного філософського осмислення толерантності як громадянської чесноти та сутнісної характеристики людського буття за умов євроінтеграційних прагнень України, формування вітчизняного громадянського суспільства. А, по-друге, про спробу виокремити найістотніші моделі концептуалізації ідеї толерантності в модерній та новітній філософській думці як усвідомлення неможливості толерантного, справедливого, людяного розв’язання соціальних та міжкультурних конфліктів без належної взаємної поваги, визнання гідності їх учасників. Визначення горизонтально-персональних та вертикально-інституційних вимірів толерантності, а також її морально-етичних та філософсько-антропологічних складових здійснено на засадах послідовної реконструкції праць провідних як західних, переважно європейських, так і вітчизняних філософів, що уможливить розуміння перспектив подальшого дослідження толерантності в контексті проблем визнання, свободи, справедливості, довіри та співчуття. Йдеться також про важливість та плідність осмислення толерантності як засадничої цінності та чесноти вільного демократичного суспільства: в контексті деліберативної демократії (Ю. Габермас), єдності, цілісності моральних норм та персонального досвіду (М. Попович), права людей на спротив (Дж. Ролз) та розбудови «критичної теорії толерантності» (Р. Форст, О. Гьофе). На засадах проведеного у статті дослідження автор доходить висновку про такі важливі особливості сучасного існування толерантності: її трансформацію від персонального до інституційно-правового, міжнаціонального втілення; життєво-важливу необхідність доповнення її юридичних вимірів моральною цариною, коли бути нетерпимим до іншого, особливого буття поступово стає не лише незаконним, а й аморальним.
Історія та історична пам’ять: сфери перетину
Authors: Kyselov Mykola
Published: December 2020

У статті подається компаративний аналіз феноменів історії та історичної пам’яті; аналізується проблема меж компетентності історичного методу як загальнонаукового. Наводиться ретроспекція явища скепсису щодо об’єктивності та обґрунтованості висновків історичної науки. Робиться висновок, що історична пам’ять є феноменом, корені якого сягають глибин антропогенезу, у зв’язку з чим заторкується вчення К.Юнга про архетипи. Досліджуються архетипічні витоки людської пам’яті, роль історичної пам’яті у формуванні національної ідентичності, модифікації та різновиди сприйняття «історичного минулого». Коментується явище політизації історичної пам’яті під впливом ідеологічної кон'юнктури. Проблема надзвичайно актуалізується тому, що нині політична кон'юнктура та система цінностей соціуму багато в чому детермінують специфіку бачення, розуміння й тлумачення подій минулого. Особлива увага приділяється терміну «національна історична пам’ять». Аргументується положення про некоректність радикального поділу націй на «політичні» та «етнічні». Розглядаються сучасні інтерпретації феноменів етноцентризму та презентизму в історичному контексті.
Семіотичні категорії Пірса
Authors: Mamenko Taras
Published: December 2020

У статті розглядаються семіотичні категорії Ч. С. Пірса: Firstness, Secondness, Thirdness. Їх розробка привела Пірса до критики модерної теорії дуального знаку і побудови логіки зв’язків у структурі знаку, заснованої на тріаді знака, об’єкта та інтерпретанти. Модерний дуалізм знаку, в якому пов’язувалися два компоненти, означник і означене, замінюється у Пірса тріадною моделлю, завдяки введенню ним у структуру знаку інтерпретанти. Пірс спирався на методологічні наслідки чотирьох нездатностей, а саме – жодної інтроспекції, ніякої інтуїції у значенні неінференційного пізнання, жодної думки без знаків, і жодної концепції абсолютно непізнаваного – для критики картезіанства. Це дало можливість Пірсу переосмислити класичну атомістичну концепцію мови і довести, що знак не існує ізольовано у вигляді окремої ідеї чи символу, але завжди вплетений у сітку інших знаків. Таким чином, підхід Пірса демонструє голістський підхід до мови та дійсності як системи знаків. Для Пірса концепція семіозису була центральним поняттям його семіотичної теорії. На думку Пірса, жоден предмет не функціонує як знак, доки не буде сприйнятий як такий. Кожен знак здатний генерувати інтерпретанту, і цей процес практично нескінченний. Ідея семіозису виражає саму суть відносин між знаком і зовнішнім світом: об'єкт репрезентації існує, але він недоступний, немов «захований» у низці семіотичного опосередкування. Однак пізнання цього об’єкта можливе лише шляхом вивчення породжених ним знаків. Щоб знати, що означає даний знак, розуму необхідний певний досвід об'єкта цього знака, досвід за межами цього знака або знакової системи, але пов'язаний з ним.
ЕТНІЧНІ МОТИВИ У СМИСЛОУТВОРЕННІ В КІНО (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ТВОРЧОСТІ ЕМІРА КУСТУРІЦИ ТА АХТЕМА СЕІТАБЛАЄВА)
Authors: Морєва Євгенія
Published: December 2020

Досліджуються етнічний компонент у кінематографі, його місце, значення, історія втілення, завдання та символіка. Пропонуються жанрові дефініції фільмів, в яких використовується фольклорний компонент: історичні, сучасні, екранізація епосу. На прикладі творчості Е. Кустуріци («Час циган», 1988 р., «Чорна кішка, білий кіт», 1998 р.) та А. Сеітаблаєва («Хайтарма», 2013 р., «Чужа молитва», 2017 р.) аналізуються режисерські прийоми, за допомогою яких  утілено  фольклорні  елементи  та  які змістовні рівні вони відбивають. Вибір фільмів продиктовано історичним контекстом, що вплинув на їх створення. Таким чином окреслено напрями в розвитку східноєвропейського кіно. Творчість Е. Кустуріци є визнаною в світі та являє собою авторське кіно, фільми А. Сеітаблаєва позиціонують новітню історію кіномистецтва.
ІНСТИТУЦІЇ В МИСТЕЦТВІ : СВІТОВИЙ ДОСВІД
Authors: Луговська Анна
Published: December 2020

Сьогодні мистецтво посідає помітне місце у соціумі та економіці. Його розвиток і достойну репрезентацію важко уявити без належної інфраструктури, представленої широким спектром артінституцій – установ, що займаються демонстрацією, збереженням (реставрацією), продажем мистецьких творів, а крім того освітньою та дослідницькою діяльністю. Ними є різноманітні музеї, галереї, центри сучасного мистецтва. Розглядається історичний шлях становлення і трансформації артінституцій від Олександрійського музею до музеїв епохи Просвітництва, від поствоєнного «інституційного буму» у ХХ столітті до сьогодення. Зазначаються основні характеристики музею та галереї, їхні спільні й відмінні риси, досліджуються функції, які вони виконують.
International Symposium on Islam and Modernity
Authors: Pakistan Office IIIT-
Published: December 2020

The three-day seminar on “Islam and Modernity” was held under thejoint auspices of the Goethe Institute (Karachi), the International Instituteof Islamic Thought (Islamabad), and the Islamic Research Institute (Islamabad).Thirty scholars from Pakistan and four scholars from Germanyparticipated as delegates, and an equal number of other scholars,journalists, and bureaucrats attended as observers. The seminar addressedfour themes: a) The State: Legitimation and Participation; (b) The Law:Law and Justice; (c) The Economy and Finance: Economy and Ethics;and (d) Society: Equality and Justice. The sesions were arranged to giveadequate time to the presenters and for follow-up discussion.In general, the seminar sought to create a better understanding andappreciation of the current self-assertion in the Muslim world and theways in which Muslims are dealing with modernity. There is a growingbelief among Muslims that it is possible to achieve developmental goals,as well as those of material and social welfare, within the framework ofIslam. This, it is believed, would save their societies from moral degradation,the breakdown of social and family structures, the dehumanizationof human life, and other negative features of western modernity.This resurgence often generates fear and apprehension in the West,a reaction that might be partially due to sporadic acts of violence by Muslimextremists. The West’s perception of Islamic resurgence is thuscolored, which undermines its ability to see it for what it really is. Despitethis, however, many people in the West feel the need for a betterunderstanding of the changes taking place in Muslim societies and forentering into a dialogue with their Muslim counterparts in order toexplore the possibility of promoting mutual respect and creating anatmosphere of meaningful and peaceful coexistence.In addition to the general divide between Islam and the West, thereis a secular vs. Islamist divide within Muslim societies. Some adhere tothe secular view of life and seek to confine religion to a private concern,while others want to restructure the individual and all elements of sociallife according to Islamic principles and values ...