bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valoración no lineal de derivados financieros en mercados con liquidez estocástica, descrita por un proceso de reversión a la media
Authors: Tavera Ramírez John Sebastián , Moreno Trujillo John Freddy
Published: December 2024

En este documento se deduce la ecuación diferencial parcial no lineal de valo­ración de un derivado financiero, esto en el contexto de un mercado en el cual los precios de los activos son influenciados por la liquidez y las estrategias dinámicas de negociación de un gran operador. Para esto se caracteriza la diná­mica del precio del activo subyacente y se considera la condición de ausencia de arbitraje. La liquidez del mercado es estocástica y sigue un proceso con reversión a la media tipo Ornstein-Uhlenbeck.
Prevalence of Partner Abuse, Emotional Abuse, and Control: A 10-Year Retrospective
Authors: Carney Michelle Mohr , Barner John R.
Published: December 2024

This article provides a contemporary and systematic review of the research on the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the last decade and extends the work of Carney and Barner (2012). Under review are emotional abuse and control, sexual coercion, and stalking, along with a separate examination of when these IPV subsets are combined with physical assaults on intimate partners. In the sections that follow, each subtopic is operationally defined using the same definitions employed in the original review (Carney & Barner, 2012) and which are common to the social science research, and tabular and narrative data on the incidence and prevalence of each subtopic and the combined category are presented. The studies sampled for this review are further categorized into those that study large populations, smaller communities, university- or school-based samples, clinical samples, forensic or legal samples, and, when possible, samples of particularly relevant subpopulations. The focus of this article is on prevalence, but this background explains the difficulties with clearly capturing the prevalence of physical abuse, psychological abuse, sexual coercion, and stalking, both in the reporting due to differing methodologies, potential overrepresentation among low socioeconomic communities and communities of color, and the reluctance to capture IPV perpetrated by women. The article ends with conclusions that can be drawn from the review and the potential implications for research, practice, and IPV scholarship.
Achieving Safely Managed Sanitation in Riverine and Island Communities in Sierra Leone
Authors: Myers Jamie , Iyer Ruhil , Gai Irene , Fabba Frederick , Roberts Nafisatu , Kamara Alice , Mansaray Joseph
Published: December 2024

It is estimated that over one million preventable deaths occur each year caused by diarrhoeal diseases due to unsafe sanitation, hygiene and drinking water. In Sierra Leone, access to sanitation is the 8th lowest in any country worldwide. In rural areas only an estimated 37.9 per cent use an improve sanitation facility and 26 per cent practice open defecation, contributing to multiple health, economic and social challenges. This SLH Learning Brief shares findings from research undertaken with Welthungerhilfe in remote riverine and island communities in Bonthe District, a district that has double the national open defecation rate and distinct physical and social conditions that challenge the achievement and sustainability of sanitation services.

Using a range of participatory research methods, the research engaged participants within communities, district and national government stakeholders and market actors to explore the current state of sanitation infrastructure and use, identifying barriers people are facing to adoption and their knowledge, awareness and cost of different sanitation options in the market. The learning brief also presents new ideas, opportunities and recommendations proposed by stakeholders to improve access through improving infrastructure, reducing costs, data and evidence needed and ongoing community and meso-level engagement in these challenging contexts.
Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Coffee Husk with Acetone Using Microwave Assisted Extraction Method and Analysis of Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Julieta Theressa , Helda Wika Amini  , Ansori Ansori  , Yukti Nurani  , Ratri Sekaringgalih  , Sonya Hakim Raharjo  , Merymistika Yufrani Afred
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, the use of coffee husk is limited to animal feed and fertilizer. Therefore, a study was conducted using Robusta coffee husk waste as a raw material for research. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of several variables and to determine the optimum conditions in the process of extracting bioactive compounds from coffee husk waste. Coffee husk waste will be extracted using the Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method with acetone solvent, with several variables, namely the ratio of material to solvent, microwave power, and extraction time. Analysis of the identification of phenolic compound content was then also carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The variables of material ratio, extraction time, and microwave power were proven to be interrelated so that they could produce total phenol at optimum conditions. The optimum conditions for extracting bioactive compounds from coffee husk waste were obtained at a material ratio of 0.04 g/ml; time of 9 minutes; and power of 300 watts, with a total phenol yield of 8.65 GAE/g sample.
Materials with Negative Permittivity or Negative Permeability – Review, Electrodynamic Modelling and Applications
Authors: Krupka Jerzy
Published: December 2024

Review of natural materials that that exhibit negative permittivity or permeability is presented including gaseous plasma, metals, superconductors and ferromagnetic materials. It is shown that samples made of such materials can store large amount of the electric (magnetic) energies and for some values of permittivity, permeability and dimensions they create plasmonic resonators. The electric and the magnetic plasmon resonances in spherical samples made of such materials are analyzed employing rigorous electrodynamic methods and results of analysis are compared to experiments and to results obtained with other methods. Results of free oscillation and Mie scattering theories are compared. Similarities and differences between permittivity and permeability tensors for magnetized plasma and magnetized ferromagnetic material are underlined. Several physical phenomena are explained on the ground of rigorous electrodynamic analysis and experiments. These phenomena include not equal electric and magnetic energies stored in plasmonic resonators, small influence of dielectric losses on the Q-factors of magnetic plasmon resonances, role of radiation and dissipation losses on properties of plasmonic resonators and theoretical possibility of lightning plasma balls existence.
The Gaussian-Drude Lens: A Dusty Plasma Model Applicable to Observations Across The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Authors: Rogers Adam
Published: December 2024

When radiation from a background source passes through a cloud of cold plasma, diverging lensing occurs if the source and observer are well-aligned. Unlike gravitational lensing, plasma lensing is dispersive, increasing in strength with wavelength. The Drude model is a generalization of cold plasma, including absorbing dielectric dust described by a complex index of refraction. The Drude lens is only dispersive for wavelengths shorter than the dust characteristic scale (λ≪λd). At sufficient photon energy, the dust particles act like refractive clouds. For longer wavelengths λ≫λd, the optical properties of the Drude lens are constant, unique behavior compared to the predictions of the cold plasma lens. Thus, cold plasma lenses can be distinguished from Drude lenses by using multi-band observations. The Drude medium extends the applicability of all previous tools from gravitational and plasma lensing to describe scattering phenomena in the X-Ray regime.
Diversity and Composition of Fungal Communities Associated with Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Fruits in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon
Authors: Alvarez-Romero Pablo Israel , Román Robalino Daniel Arturo , Salazar Castañeda Eduardo , Suárez-Cedillo Sandra , Hinojosa Leonardo , Tiburcia Amorin Ferreira e Ferreira Ana Francisca
Published: December 2024

There has been increasing interest in the study of microorganisms associated with tropical plant species, particularly fungi, due to their potential applications in biological control and the pro-duction of pharmacologically active compounds. This study aimed to identify and characterize the fungal community associated with cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) fruits in three cantons of the Orellana province in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Fungi were isolated directly from cacao fruits and subjected to cultural, morphological, and molecular characterization. Fungal diversity was assessed using relative abundance and species richness metrics. A total of 464 fungal isolates were obtained, representing 56 morphotypes and 14 genera, all belonging to the phylum Ascomycota. Penicillium sp. (27.8%), Epicoccum sp. (20.5%), Lasiodiplodia sp. (10.1%), Trichoderma sp. (9.91%), and Fusarium sp. (9.70%) were the most predominant genera. La Joya de los Sachas exhibited the highest fungal richness (14 genera), as supported by a Shannon diversity index of 2.30. This study provides in-sights into the distribution and diversity of fungal communities inhabiting cacao fruits in the northern Ecuadorian Amazon, which may have implications for both disease management and the discovery of novel bioactive compounds. Further research is warranted to investigate the functional roles of these fungi, including their potential as biocontrol agents or sources of novel pharmaceuticals. Additionally, exploring the influence of environmental factors and agricultural practices on cacao fruit mycobiota could further enhance our understanding of this complex ecosystem.
Analisis Penggunaan dan Pengaruh Multingualisme Di Lingkungan Sekolah Alkitab Full Time Training Indonesia (FTTI) Sentul, Bogor
Authors: Winarni Efid
Published: December 2024

This research examines the use of multilingulism in the Indonesian Full Time Training (FTTI) environment with sociolinguistic studies. The aim of this research is to determine multilingualism in the FTTI environment. This research aims to provide information to readers that the FTTI environment has multilingualism. The research was carried out using qualitative descriptive methods with quite supporting data. The data collection technique uses observation and language observation methods in the FTTI environment. Multilingualism is the use of more than two languages by a speaker in alternate interactions with other people. Multilingualism is also an act of using language by individuals by speaking more than two languages in their social life
Presentación. Mujeres, género y memoria
Authors: Vázquez Martínez Alejandro Ernesto
Published: December 2024

La participación de las mujeres en los ámbitos de la seguridad pública es una realidad compleja que envuelve cuestiones como la maternidad, los derechos laborales, la desigualdad y la brecha de género, la violencia de género, los roles de género, etc. Si bien no se trata de problemáticas propias de la seguridad pública, resulta significativo observar cómo aquellas desigualdades y violencias de género se reproducen en las prácticas institucionales vinculas con la protección y bienestar de la ciudadanía, en ese sentido, nos interesa difundir los trabajos que realizan especialistas sobre dichas cuestiones en este Dossier denominado Mujeres, género y memoria. Además, incluimos el debate actual que se produce en el contexto de una posible ley de memoria mexicana, que inevitablemente se circunscribe a violaciones graves a derechos humanos, así como a la violencia de género.
Intraoperative Bone Cement Implantation Syndrome in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Tansey Patrick J. , Wainwright Jared D. , Johnson Blake A. , Montgomery Nicole I.
Published: December 2024

Case:

A 10-year-old girl with a history of distal femur osteosarcoma underwent resection and limb reconstruction with a cemented custom expandable endoprosthesis. Immediately following stemmed implant insertion, the patient experienced severe cardiopulmonary collapse. Following emergent fluid and oxygen resuscitation by anesthesia, her transient cardiopulmonary instability resolved.

Conclusion:

This is the first report describing acute bone cement implantation syndrome in a pediatric patient. This case highlights the importance of vigilance and interdisciplinary communication with anesthesia when inserting cemented implants in pediatric patients.
Pengembangan Model Tata Kelola Layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling Online Berbasis Website
Authors: Nugroho Panggih Wahyu , Nurdahlia Dwi Ulfa
Published: December 2024

Various changes in the field of guidance and counseling are responses to the emergence of various problems in society. These shifts have triggered the rise of more complex issues, such as stress caused by life pressures, relationship problems, and increasingly prevalent mental health challenges. Product development is carried out to facilitate the implementation of counseling services, addressing the various issues faced by students, including personal-social, academic, and career problems. Online counseling development integrates various platforms already familiar to users, such as email, chat, and video calls, into a single website. This product offers advantages over previous products. One of its key features is the website's development, which is designed with simple and efficient management. The user-friendly design enables users to register easily without any difficulties. Additionally, the efficient registration process enhances user comfort and satisfaction. With more practical features, the product is expected to reach a broader range of users. The method applied is R&D, or Research and Development, which will ultimately result in a specific product. The development method used is the 4D development model, consisting of four stages: Define, Design, Development, and Dissemination. Based on research on the management of web-based online guidance and counseling services, it can be concluded that the management of web-based online guidance and counseling services can be implemented by preparing the website layout, collecting client data via the web, scheduling counseling services, and executing counseling sessions.
A fluorescent aptasensor based on gold nanoparticles for sensitive detection of ofloxacin
Authors: Kong Wei-Chuang , Wu Miao-Miao , Li Chen-Chen , Wang Jiang-Nan , Meng Ya-Li , Jia Xiao-Juan , Xin Zhen-Hui , Kang Yan-Fei
Published: December 2024

Ofloxacin (OFL), as third generation fluoroquinolone antibiotics, is commonly used to treat bacterial infections in humans and animals. However, excessive use of OFL has led to significant environmental contamination, raising concerns about food safety and public health. The current detection methods for OFL residues are often limited by excessive operational complexity, high resource consumption, and constrained application scope, highlighting an urgent need for more efficient and accessible alternatives. In this work, we developed a simple and fast fluorescence aptasensor for detecting OFL based on FRET (Förster Resonance Energy Transfer) between the FAM fluorescent group and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The nucleic acid aptamer labeled with FAM (FAM-Apt) binds with the AuNPs to quench FAM fluorescence due to FRET. Upon addition of OFL, OFL preferentially binds with aptamers, leading to fluorescence intensity of FAM-Apt increase. Therefore, this strategy provided the possibility for OFL detection. The results showed that this sensor can selectively detect OFL with a linear range of 0-1500 nM. The limit of detection was detected to be 4.84 nM under optimized conditions. The sensor can be used for detecting OFL in serum, urine, tap-water, river water, pork, chicken and milk with spiked recoveries ranged from 98.00–102.56% and relative standard deviations ranging from 0.41–6.99%. These results demonstrate that this aptasensor offers an accurate, widely applicable potential for OFL monitoring, addressing critical needs in public health and environmental safety by providing an effective method for OFL residue detection in environmental and food samples.
Preparing physiotherapists for the future: the development and evaluation of an innovative curriculum
Authors: Stolwijk Niki , Bergen Anne van , Jetten Evy , Maas Marjo
Published: December 2024

Background
Educational innovation in health professional education is needed to keep up with rapidly changing healthcare systems and societal needs. This study evaluates the implementation of PACE, an innovative curriculum designed by the physiotherapy department of the HAN University of Applied Sciences in The Netherlands. The PACE concept features an integrated approach to learning and assessment based on pre-set learning outcomes, personalized learning goals, flexible learning routes, and programmatic assessment. PACE distinguishes itself from traditional education because of the flexible learning routes, vertical organization in learning communities, absence of pre-defined learning activities and class schedules, and a culture of continuous learning and development. PACE is based on three guiding principles: 1) flexible and varied, 2) self-directed and collaborative, 3) future-oriented. PACE was implemented in 2021 for first-year students. This study evaluates the implementation to inform future curriculum development.
Methods
A sequential explanatory mixed methods design was used to evaluate the implementation of PACE using a questionnaire, focus groups, in-depth interviews, and a national progress test allowing for benchmarking results. Participants were undergraduate physiotherapy students of cohort 2021–2022, the first group who experienced PACE and teachers involved with this cohort. Questionnaire data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. To compare mean total scores of the national progress test between four different universities a one-way ANOVA was conducted including a post-hoc analysis. Reflexive thematic analysis guidelines were applied to analyze the interview data.
Results
In total 82 first year students (44,6%) of cohort 2021–2022 and 36 teachers (60%) completed the questionnaire. Results show that the guiding principles were implemented as intended. Results of the national progress test on knowledge and clinical reasoning showed that students of the HAN University performed well compared to other universities. Thematic analysis of interviews and focus groups resulted in three themes and nine subthemes: 1) navigating a personalized curriculum, 2) caring and sharing, and 3) shaping professional identity. PACE contributed positively to students' intrinsic motivation, learning joy, identity development, and life-long learning skills. Areas for improvement were self-directed learning support, and teaching strategies to prompt deep learning.
Conclusion
The evaluation showed that the guiding principles of PACE were implemented as intended and that the innovation positively contributed to student learning,
Consequences of insecticide overuse in Hungary: assessment of pyrethroid resistance in Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes
Authors: Csiba Rebeka , Varga Zsaklin , Pásztor Dorina , Süle Bianka , Soltész Zoltán , Zana Brigitta , Bányai Krisztián , Kemenesi Gábor , Kurucz Kornélia
Published: December 2024

Background
Mosquitoes, as vectors of various pathogens, have been a public health risk for centuries. Human activities such as international travel and trade, along with climate change, have facilitated the spread of invasive mosquitoes and novel pathogens across Europe, increasing the risk of mosquito-borne disease introduction and spread. Despite this threat, mosquito control in Hungary still relies predominantly on chemical treatments, which poses the risk of developing insecticide resistance in local populations. While pyrethroid resistance has been documented in several countries, there is no information on this issue from Hungary. This study aims to investigate the presence of resistance in Hungarian mosquito populations by analysing a native, already-known disease vector and a recently established invasive species with public health significance.
Methods
We assessed the presence of kdr mutations L1014F and V1016G in Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, respectively, responsible for pyrethroid resistance. Mosquito specimens were investigated retrospectively, i.e. collected from previous years within the framework of local monitoring programs run in urban areas representing five regions of Hungary. The mutations in mosquitoes were detected individually by allele-specific PCR and gel electrophoresis, following generally used protocols.
Results
In Cx. pipiens, the kdr mutation was detected across all five collection sites, with resistance allele frequencies ranging from 18.1–36.3%. Resistance alleles were identified in homozygosity and in heterozygosity with the susceptible allele as well, resulting in 53% of the investigated mosquitoes showing resistance to pyrethroids in the Hungarian populations. In contrast, for Ae. albopictus, all the analysed individuals were found to carry only the susceptible alleles, indicating a homozygous susceptible genotype across all the investigated populations.
Conclusion
Our work highlights the consequences of the unilateral and long-term use of chemical treatments on mosquitoes. This indicates an urgent need for a change of concept in mosquito control strategy in Hungary, as well as in countries where mosquito control still relies dominantly on insecticides. The restricted use of chemical treatment is highly recommended to prevent the development of pyrethroid resistance in recently established populations of the invasive Ae. albopictus, and to decrease the public health risk of vector-borne diseases.
Enhanced CO2 removal and improved carbon budget by enhanced rock weathering: A field experiment in Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Yang Yilin , Kosaka Gen , Uchibayashi Hiroshi , Zhu Yan , Kuramochi Kanta , Shinano Takuro , Watanabe Toshihiro , Maruyama Hayato , Hamamoto Shoichiro , Nakao Atsushi , Toma Yo
Published: December 2024

Climate change affects food production, increasing the need for CO2 reduction strategies. Enhanced rock weathering (ERW), which involves the spreading of crushed silicate rock powder on agricultural soil to sequester atmospheric CO2 via enhanced natural weathering, shows potential to enrich the agricultural soil. In this study, we evaluated the short-term impacts of basalt powder on CO2 emissions in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils and estimated the field carbon budget in an experimental soybean field at Hokkaido University, Japan. Basalt powder application at 143 t ha− 1 significantly increased the soil pH and reduced the soil volumetric water content. ERW-induced CO2 removal rate was 0.81 ± 0.17 Mg C ha− 1, with approximately 86.4% observed in rhizosphere soil, suggesting that factors, such as the exudates produced by crop root growth, enhance basalt weathering and promote CO2 removal. Regardless of treatment, the carbon budget was negative, indicating the overall carbon loss in the field. However, basalt powder application reduced the carbon loss from 2.69 ± 0.41 to 1.90 ± 0.73 Mg C ha− 1, but the difference was not significant. These findings suggest that basalt powder application effectively mitigates soil carbon loss and maintains the farmland carbon balance. However, further research is necessary to explore the long-term effects of ERW on soil carbon dynamics and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Eastern Himalayan syntaxis formation controlled by slab flattening and transient crustal channel flow
Authors: Agtmaal Luuk van , Balázs Attila , Willett Sean , May Dave , Gerya Taras
Published: December 2024

Plate corners in collisional orogens are often characterised by sharply curving orogenic syntaxis zones, where plate tectonic mountain building processes and surface processes interact vigorously. The formation and evolution of these zones, which are particularly well expressed in the two margins of the Tibetan-Himalayan orogen, remain debatable and partly enigmatic. Here, based on high-resolution 3D thermomechanical-surface process numerical experiments, we propose a new unifying model for the Eastern Himalayan syntaxis formation that is predominantly driven by slab flattening and transient mid-lower crustal channel flow. Our models indicate that the northward migrating syntaxis forms when the middle to lower crust in the Eurasian plate are rheologically weak in the continental collision zone, e.g. weakened in a pre-existing proto-plateau. As soon as the syntaxis has formed, it becomes a barrier for the laterally expanding plateau. Therefore, the middle to lower crust extrudes from the plateau toward the East and South around the corner. This crustal flow occurs in a narrow channel and is enhanced by differential advance of the Indian indenter. Our models also suggest that both crustal outflow and syntaxis structure formation are controlled by intense flattening of the Indian slab, which is an overlooked process governing recent structural and topography evolution of the Himalayan orogen. The discovered links between syntaxis formation, crustal flow and slab flattening suggest that corners of collision zones may in fact determine and govern the evolution of the entire orogenic system.
Optimization of Extraction Parameters for Antidiabetic Bioactive Compounds from Cherry Stems (Prunus avium)
Authors: Bıçakcı Beyza Tutku , Ucarkus Candan , Akgedik Ayşenur , Oder Gizem , Bayraktar Oguz
Published: December 2024

Each year, millions of tonnes of food waste are generated globally, with the majority coming from the food industry. In addition to household food waste, the recovery and sustainable use of industrial food waste is of great importance. Fruit and vegetable waste, in particular, can contain valuable compounds with various biological activities. Prunus avium is a widely consumed fruit with numerous industrial applications worldwide. During production processes, cherry stalks and seeds are often discarded as waste or by-products. However, cherry stems are known to exhibit various biological activities, such as diuretic, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, antifungal, anti-tumor, and hepatoprotective effects. The optimal extraction method was determined by statistical analysis of extracts obtained using solvents of different polarities, solid-liquid ratios, and extraction times. As a result of the extraction parameters optimized for antidiabetic inhibitory potential using response surface methodology, an IC50 value of 4.92 µg/ml was obtained with an extraction time of 4 hours, a solid-liquid ratio of 1/30, and 40% aqueous methanol. These results demonstrate the potential of cherry stems as a dietary supplement due to their high antioxidant capacity, as well as the possibility of evaluating their bioactive molecules as active functional ingredients in functional food applications.
Characterization of 3D oxygen concentrations in microfluidic systems combining astigmatic particle tracking with phosphorescence decay measurements
Authors: Werner Till , Schmidt Mareike , Etzold Bastian J.M. , Fritschen Anna , Blaeser Andreas , Hussong Jeanette
Published: December 2024

In this work, we combine astigmatic particle tracking with phosphorescence decay measurements to determine 3D oxygen concentration distributions in microfluidic systems. Out-of-plane position are reconstructed to 1.5 μm accuracy. The calibrated measurement range covers oxygen concentrations between 0.6 ppm to 27.6 ppm. A method is presented to systematically correct for measurement errors caused by photobleaching taking into account the excitation energy, the cumulative exposure time and the spatially varying intensity profile of the laser. With this method, low measurement errors of less than 2 ppm at ambient oxygen levels can be achieved even after thousands of excitation cycles.To demonstrate the capability of the measurement technique, 3D oxygen concentrations are measured in an agarose hydrogel filled microfluidic chamber across which different pressure and oxygen gradients can be set independently. The results show that oxygen diffusion is superposed by a convective transport of interstitial flow. By matching numerical simulations to the experimental data, further insights into the ratio of convective and diffusive transport are given and a methodology for estimating relevant material parameters is presented. This in situ measurement technique can be applied to improve the design process of supply networks for tissue models.
Urban Active Transportation Behaviour is Sensitive to the Fresh Start Effect: Triangulating observational evidence from real world data
Authors: McGavock Jonathan , Fast Isaak , Siobhan Shamsia , Klaprat Nika , George Tyler , Vik Nils , Prowse Dan , Collett Jacqueline
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study was designed to determine if active transportation (AT) was sensitive to the behavioural economics heuristic “The Fresh Start Effect”, with a temporal peak in traffic at the beginning of a work week, that declined by the end of the week.
Design and Methods: We triangulated data from five data sources to test the study hypothesis. First, we categorized 5 urban trails as “AT” or “leisure” based on hourly traffic patterns collected from May to September between 2014 to 2019 using electromagnetic counters (EcoCounter Inc, Montreal Qc.). Daily trends in cycling traffic were then compared with daily trends bicycle parking (n=56,307 counts), vehicular traffic (n=6.2M counts), fitness centre attendance (n=563,290 counts) and sales from a local coffee shop (n=166,753 counts).
Results: We found a significant ~22% decline in cycling traffic on both AT (-147 cyclists/day; 95% CI: -199.0 to -95 cyclists/day) and leisure trails (-22 cyclists/day; 95% CI: -59 to +15 cyclists/day) over the course of a work week. The relative decline in AT-based cycling traffic was similar to the decline in bicycle parking (~14%; -12 cyclists/day; 95% CI: -17 to -7 cyclists/day). The relative effect size of this trend was nearly identical to the weekly decline in fitness centre attendance (~21%; -592 visits/day; 95% CI: -759 visits/day to -425 visits/day), replicating the original Fresh Start Effect. In contrast, to the decline in AT-based cycling traffic, daily vehicular traffic (+2248 cars/day; 95% CI: 2022 to +3674 cars/day) and coffee sales (+31 units/day; 95% CI: +22 to +42 units/day) increased ~7% from the beginning to the end of a work week.
Conclusions: Weekly patterns of leisure and AT-based cycling are sensitive to the Fresh Start Effect and could be used to inform policies for increasing cycling rates in urban centres.
Food security and self-sufficiency as a factor of country’s sustainable development: assessment methods and solutions
Authors: Tleuberdinova Aizhan , Nurlanova Nailya , Alzhanova Farida , Salibekova Perizat
Published: December 2024

A serious challenge of our time, threatening the whole of humanity, is the lack of food. The aggravation of this problem in many countries is caused by climate change, natural and man-made disasters, deterioration of the epidemiological and geopolitical situation. Therefore, food security is of great importance for achieving global Sustainable Development Goals. The purpose of the article is to study the problem of food security and self-sufficiency as a factor of the country’s sustainable development, develop an author's methodology and assess the level of food self-sufficiency in Kazakhstan, substantiate ways to improve it. Hypothesis: proof/refutation of the need to increase food self-sufficiency in order to achieve country’s sustainable development. Methods: the author's methodology for assessing food self-sufficiency by individual product groups. Information: a comparative analysis of existing methods, official statistical data, FAO data, a list of socially significant food products, physiological norms of food consumption in Kazakhstan. Results: calculations showed an increase in the level of Kazakhstan’s self-sufficiency for most types of socially significant food products in 2010-2022. However, there are big differences across the Kazakhstan’s regions. The level of self-sufficiency was very high in 5 regions, and in 2 western regions there was a very low level of self-sufficiency in most types of products, except meat. Conclusions: to improve food security and ensure sustainable development of Kazakhstan, it is recommended to strengthen the state’s regulatory role in the development of the agro-industrial complex, cooperation between agricultural producers and processing enterprises, the development of international food trade.
Effect of cornmeal and bagasse on vegetable wastes fermentation quality and ensiling process
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , xun Yangjian , Xiao Yang , Deng Yonghua , yu diqiu
Published: December 2024

Ensiling is considered an effective technique for the decomposition of vegetable waste. Cornmeal and bagasse, which are agricultural residues could be preserved as additives to improve the quality of silage biomass. However, current understanding is limited regarding the fluctuations in nutritive and microbial compositions across different harvest dates. This study evaluated the fermentation attributes of two economically valuable additives, cornmeal and bagasse. The results indicated that crude protein (CP) and fiber content of bagasse silages were higher than those in the cornmeal silages. Conversely, cornmeal silage displayed higher water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) content than bagasse silages. The ACE-index of cornmeal silages was higher than that of bagasse silages (P < 0.05). NMDS analysis indicated a notable distinction in microbial composition between bagasse and cornmeal silages (P < 0.05). Lefse analysis revealed that Lactibacillus was the predominant genus in cornmeal silages while Prevotella in bagasse silages. Network and random forest analyses revealed that Lactobacillus played a pivotal role in maintaining the stability of microbial composition during ensiling primarily influencing the breakdown of macromolecular substances. Additionally, it was observed that the microbial networks within bagasse silages exhibited greater stability. This study investigated the impact of cornmeal and bagasse additives on the quality of silage fermentation, highlighting that Lactibacillus as key-stone taxon in ensiling process. These finding offer a pathway for improving the efficiency of utilizing vegetable wastes, consequently enhancing their economic value.
Smoothness Level of Cotton Fabrics: Influence of Operating Parameters on Household Washing and Drying
Authors: Neto Sálvio Lima de Carvalho , Barros Jose Marcelo Honório Ferreira , Seman Laio Oriel , Forno Ana Julia Dal , de Aguiar Catia Rosana Lange , Saldias Daniel Alejandro Ponce , Valle Rita de Cassia Siqueira Curto , Valle José Alexandre Borges
Published: December 2024

This study analyzed the wrinkling generated in cotton fabrics after household washing and drying processes. An Automated Smoothness Analysis System (ASAS) was developed to increase the reliability of wrinkle quantification. Software developed in MATLAB processed the captured images into the equipment using Canny edge detection. Image processing proved effective, pointing out the need for a large number of visual examiners to achieve an average smoothness level similar to the calculated level by software. A design of experiments 24 allowed the evaluation of the influence of different washing parameters on the wrinkling of fabrics after drying on a clothesline and in a condensation dryer. The relationship between moisture removal and smoothness level was also evaluated. The results showed that the washing load was the common factor that proved to be statistically significant for the wrinkling of the fabric after drying in a domestic dryer. Meanwhile, the number of rinses, type of centrifugation and washing load were influential parameters regarding the wrinkling of fabrics put to dry on a clothesline. Therefore, this work provided an overview of the main parameters and levels that can excessively wrinkle the studied materials after washing and drying at home.
Big Data-Driven Deep Learning for Natural Language Processing
Authors: dabral rakshit
Published: December 2024

Sentiment analysis, a crucial task in natural language processing (NLP), aims to extract and classify sentiments expressed in textual data. This research delves into the application of deep learning techniques, powered by Big Data, to enhance sentiment analysis accuracy. By leveraging a substantial Amazon review dataset, we train a simple feedforward neural network to classify sentiments as positive or negative. The model employs embedding layers to represent words as dense vectors, followed by a global average pooling layer to capture semantic information. A final dense layer with a sigmoid activation function predicts the sentiment probability. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of deep learning in capturing complex linguistic nuances and achieving high accuracy. With an accuracy of 88.47%, the model outperforms traditional methods, showcasing the potential of Big Data and deep learning in sentiment analysis. Future research directions include exploring more sophisticated architectures, addressing class imbalance issues, improving model interpretability, and incorporating domain-specific knowledge to further enhance sentiment analysis performance.
PIEZO2-dependent rapid pain system in humans.
Authors: Szczot Marcin , Bouchatta Otmane , Brodzki Marek , Manouze Houria , Carballo Gabriela , Yu Huasheng , Kindström Emma , de-Faria Felipe , Thorell Oumie , Kao Anika , Liljencrantz Jaquette , Karlsson Christoffer , Capitán Melisa Maidana , Ng Kevin , Frangos Eleni , Ragnemalm Bengt , Saade Dimah , Bharucha-Goebel Diana , Szczot Ilona , Moore Warren , Terejko Katarzyna , Cole Jonathan , Bönnemann Carsten , Gerling Gregory , Mahns David , Larsson Max , Luo Wenqin , Marshall Andrew , Chesler Alexander , Olausson Håkan , Nagi Saad
Published: December 2024

The diversity of mechanical pain sensations in humans cannot be explained based on our current understanding of pain-sensing neural classes in the skin. To begin to bridge this gap, we dissected the neural basis of a distinct form of pain sensation evoked by hair pulling in humans. Based on observations in a rare group of individuals with PIEZO2 deficiency syndrome, we demonstrated that hair-pull pain is dependent on PIEZO2 transduction. Single-unit axonal recordings revealed a specific class of cooling-responsive, rapidly conducting nociceptors are selectively tuned to painful hair-pull stimuli. We pharmacologically map these nociceptors to a specific transcriptomic class and demonstrate that myelinated nociceptors are anatomically associated with hair follicles. Using functional imaging in mice, we demonstrated that in a homologous nociceptor, Piezo2 is necessary for high-sensitivity, robust activation by hair-pull stimuli. Finally, studies in control participants show that noxious hair-pull stimuli trigger a distinct nocifensive response, including a rapid nociceptive reflex; further, observations in rare Aβ-deafferented individuals and nerve conduction block studies reveal that hair-pull pain perception is dependent on Aβ-fiber input. Together, we identify a previously unknown class of human nociceptors and characterize its functional and molecular features.
Molecular identification of isolated strains S. aureus (MRSA) in some dairy products
Authors: Abushaala MukhtarM.F , Ahmed Abbas , Amer Amr , Nazem Ashraf
Published: December 2024

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a type of S. aureus that developed resistance against certain antibiotics called beta-lactams like methicillin and other more common antibiotics such as penicillin, oxacillin, and amoxicillin (CDC, 2019b). CDC estimated 80,461 invasive MRSA infections and 11,285 related deaths occurred in the United States in 2011 (CDC, 2013). The existence of MRSA in dairy products Two hundred from different dairy products samples (Kareish cheese, Damietta cheese, plain yogurt, and ice cream) were collected randomly from supermarkets, small dairies and street-vendors at Alexandria City, Egypt. (50 of each) were examined for this purpose molecular detection of determinant genes of S. aureus (23S rRNA), MRSA (mecA), Quantitative detection Enterotoxins in examined samples. The result given revealed that 16% (4/25) of examined street-vendor and supermarket Kareish cheese is contained MRSA. All examined Damietta cheese samples were proved 4% (1/25) of examined Damietta cheese samples was contaminated by MRSA. All examined yoghurt samples were proved 4% (1/25) of examined yoghurt samples was contaminated by MRSA. The results of nucleotide sequencing S.aureus were accepted and received accession numbers from Gen Bank are (MW256756), (MW256757), (MW256758), (MW256759), (MW256760) and (MW256761).
Implementation of a Standardized Cloning and Propagation Protocol for Optimizing Cannabis sativa L. Cultivation
Authors: Filho Jose F. Da Cunha Leme , Schuchman Spencer , Creager Kaitlin E. , Saunders Gorman G. , Diatta Andre A. , Didaran Fardad , Boren Amy C. , Gage Karla L.
Published: December 2024

The legalization and expanding applications of Cannabis sativa L. demand standardized cultivation practices to ensure consistency, quality, and compliance across the burgeoning cannabis industry, academia, and home growers. However, the historical legal status of cannabis has fragmented the knowledge base, leading to disparities in cultivation methodologies and outcomes. This manuscript introduces a pioneering standardized cloning and propagation protocol for Cannabis sativa L., developed through a comprehensive synthesis of current research, practical observation, and agronomic principles not documented specifically to cannabis yet. Aimed at addressing the gaps created by varied regulatory environments and the plant's diverse applications, this protocol presents a scientifically grounded, replicable, and validated methodology for cannabis cloning. It leverages horticultural techniques to optimize clone genetic fidelity and adaptability, enhancing the plant's research, medicinal and commercial utility. The protocol's development is informed by a review of the literature and controlled observations, ensuring its efficacy and reproducibility across different cultivars and growing conditions. By setting an initial standard for cannabis cloning practices, this work contributes significantly to the field's scientific advancement, offering a foundation for more consistent research outcomes and informed policymaking. Furthermore, it addresses the urgent need for methodological standardization in the face of cannabis's complex legal and application landscape, paving the way for a more efficient, responsible, and scientifically robust approach to cannabis cultivation.
Oral health status of children with chronic kidney diseases
Authors: Beyer Anna , Ebach Fabian , Reutter Heiko , Sauerstein Katja , Hilger Alina Christine , Krickau Tobias , Tzschoppe Anja , Woelfe Joachim , Galiano Matthias , Schaefer Jan Thomas
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been previously associated with a decline in oral health. This study aimed to examine the oral health of children with CKD, nephrotic syndrome (NS), and children that received kidney transplantation (KTR).
Methods
A case-control study was conducted involving children with CKD stages 1–3, children with CKD 4–5, pediatric kidney transplant recipients, and children with NS. Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) were evaluated using the DDE-Index, while dental caries was assessed with the Decayed Missing Filled Teeth Index (DMFT). Plaque and debris were measured utilizing the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), which includes the two subindices Simplified Calculus Index (CI-S) and Simplified Debris Index (DI-S).
Results
Children with CKD 1–3, CKD 4–5, and KTR presented with significantly higher DI-S and CI-S score and significantly more DDE. There was no difference in the DMFT score in children with CKD 4–5 and KTR. For children with CKD 1–3, a significantly lower DMFT score was observed compared to the control group. Children with NS did not show any differences for DI-S, CI-S, DMFT, and DDE compared to healthy peers.
Conclusion
Oral health status is not affected in children with NS. Children with CKD 1–3, CKD 4–5, and KTR have more plaque, debris, and DDE and should be surveyed regularly by their dentists.
Steering root-associated microbiomes via direct and soil legacy effects of neighbours
Authors: Bezemer Martijn , Kuerban Mireadili , Gomes Sofia
Published: December 2024

The composition of the root-associated microbiome of a host plant is thought to be strongly influenced by its host plant. However, this microbiome can also be steered by other plants, either directly, when the roots of a neighbour plant stimulate or suppress particular microbes or indirectly, when one plant influences the soil microbiome first and another plant grows in this soil later. How important these effects are of other plants and what the consequences are for the focal plant is not known. We show that the influence of the host plant on the bacterial and fungal community is dramatically decreased by neigbours and by soil legacies of neighbours. Remarkably, neighbours play an important role in shaping the root-associated bacterial communities of a focal plant, while fungal communities associated to the roots of a focal plant are mainly determined by soil legacy effects of other plants. Addition of microbiomes isolated from roots of plants that were exposed to different neighbours and soil legacies to new plants grown in sterile soil greatly influenced plant growth stressing the importance of these direct and indirect effects of co-occurring plants on root-associated microbiomes.
Effect of Sprouting on the Physicochemical, Antioxidant and Digestive Enzyme Inhibitory Properties of Pro-vitamin a Biofortified Yellow Maize Products
Authors: Adeyeye Quadri Adeyinka , Emmanuel Irondi A. , Abdulkadir Muritala , Emmanuel Ajani O.
Published: December 2024

Background Sprouting is one of the many processing techniques the food industry explores to improve the nutritional quality of cereals and other grains. Pro-vitamin biofortified maize alleviates Vitamin A deficiency and serves as an important source of antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the effect of sprouting on the physicochemical, antioxidant, and digestive enzyme inhibitory properties of pro-vitamin A biofortified maize. The maize grown at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) research field, Ibadan was initially subjected to analysis in which the proximate composition, functional properties, bioactive composition, antioxidant activity, and starch hydrolyzing inhibitory activity were carried out before sprouting. The samples of the sprouted maize were collected for different days (Day 1 to 4) and were further analyzed. Samples were further processed into donkwa, tuwo, and corn pudding using the traditional processing method, then analyzed for bioactive contents and blood glucose response in volunteers. Results obtained were analyzed using the SPSS software package and the mean values were compared.Results In the result, the proximate composition, functional properties, bioactive composition, antioxidant activity, and starch hydrolyzing inhibitory activity of the sprouted samples increased considerably compared to the non-sprouted (control). The proximate composition and digestive enzyme inhibitory activity of the samples increased with an increase in the day of sprouting. The bioactive composition of the day 3 sprouted sample varied significantly when compared with others including the control. The antioxidant activity of day 3 and 4 vary significantly compared to the control. The bioactive components in the products increased in their concentration with an increase in the day of sprouting. The blood glucose response in the volunteered subjects was higher in tuwo than donkwa and corn pudding.Conclusion The sprouting of provitamin A biofortified yellow maize enhanced antioxidants, protein, moisture, carbohydrates, hydrolyzing enzymes, and other essential nutritive substances.