bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Limits of Hegemony: U.S. Banks and Chilean Firms in the Cold War
Authors: Aldunate Felipe , Gonzalez Felipe , Prem Mounu
Published: April 2022

Governments in hegemonic states use economic sanctions to induce changes in other countries. What happens to international business networks when these sanctions are in place? We use new historical firm-level data to document the destruction of financial relations between U.S. banks and Chilean firms after socialist Salvador Allende took office in 1970. Business reports and stock prices suggest that firms were mostly unaffected by having fewer links with U.S. banks. Substitution of financial relations towards domestic banks appears to be the key mechanism explaining these findings.
DAMPAK PEMANENAN HUTAN TERHADAP SIFAT DAN KANDUNGAN BIOLOGIS TANAH (STUDI BKPH SENGGURUH, KPH MALANG).
Authors: Prakosa Galit Gatut , Chanan Mochamad
Published: April 2022

Kegiatan pemanenan kayu umumnya menggunakan alat-alat berat yang berdampak pada aspek ekologi dimana terjadi kerusakan pada tanah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui dampak pemanenan hutan terhadap sifat biologi tanah dan kandungan karbon di BKPH Sengguruh KPH Malang. Pengambilan contoh tanah dilakukan secara acak, pengambilan contoh cacing secara acak dengan metode hand sorting dan untuk isolasi jamur dan bakteri dengan menggunakan agar cawan. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan diketahui terjadi penurunan kandungan bahan organik tanah pada lahan setalah pemanenan dari kelas agak tinggi menjadi rendah, ditemukan tiga jenis cacing yaitu Pheretima, Pontoscolex, dan Microscolex yang mengalami penurunan kepadatan individu pada pasca pemanenan dari 39,54 individu/m² menjadi 16,87 individu/m2. Jumlah koloni jamur dan bakteri pasca pemanenan mengalami penurunan pada koloni jamur dari 2,54 x 104 CFU/ml menjadi 0,88 x 104 CFU/ml dan pada koloni bakteri dari 22,58 x 105 CFU/ml menjadi 17,6 x 105  CFU/ml. Hasil perhitungan estimasi karbon ini diharapkan dapat berfungsi sebagai dasar untuk menghitung estimasi karbon dalam Vegetasi Hutan Jati dalam Skala Nasional.
KONTRIBUSI WANITA TANI DALAM USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI DESA CERMIN ALAM KECAMATAN VII KOTO ILIR KABUPATEN TEBO
Authors: Is Asnawati , Utari Tia Sri , Afrianto Evo
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa besar kontribusi wanita tani dalam kegiatan usahatani padi sawah, mengetahui curahan waktu kerja wanita tani dalam kegiatan usahatani padi sawah dan mengetahui pengaruh curahan waktu kerja terhadap kontribusi wanita tani padi sawah. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh wanita tani yang berusahatani Padi Sawah di Desa Cermin Alam Kecamatan VII Koto Ilir Kabupaten Tebo. Penentuan sampel dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive). Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah simple random sampling yang digunakan untuk memilih 63 wanita tani padi sawah. Data dianalisis menggunakan interval untuk mengetahui kontribusi wanita tani dan HKP untuk mengetahui curahan waktu kerja wanita tani  dan regresi linear untuk mengetahui pengaruh curahan waktu kerja terhadap kontribusi wanita tani.Hasil penelitian ini bahwa Kontribusi wanita tani dalam kegiatan usahatani padi sawah  dengan kategori tinggi meliputi: Persemaian, pemeliharaan, dan panen. Kategori sedang meliputi : penanaman. Kategori rendah meliputi: pengolahan lahan. Curahan waktu kerja wanita tani dalam kegiatan usahatani  padi sawah yaitu persemaian sebesar 5,2 HKP, pengolahan lahan sebesar 1,35 HKP, penanaman sebesar 2,88 HKP, pemeliharaan sebesar 12,68 HKP, pemanenan sebesar 5,3 HKP. Hasil Uji Koefisien Determinasi ( ) darianalisis regresi linear berganda bahwa  (koefisien determinasi) kuadrat sebesar 0,960 atau 96,0 % yang artinya persentase sumbangan  berpengaruh terhadap persemaian, pengolahan lahan, penanaman, pemeliharaan, pemanenan. Hasil Uji F menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen secara bersama-sama berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap variabel dependen .Uji koefisien determinasi menujukkan bahwa persentase sumbangan  berpengaruh terhadap persemaian, pengolahan lahan, penanaman, pemeliharaan, pemanenan. Hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa Persemaian (X1), Pengolahan Lahan (X2), Penanaman (X3), Pemeliharaan(X4), Pemanenan(X5) berpengaruh terhadap kontribusi wanita tani.
EVALUASI KEMAMPUAN LAHAN PADA LAHAN TANAMAN CENGKEH DAN KAKAO MENUJU PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN
Authors: M Nia Rulinggar Putri , Wawan Eko Setiyo , Ummah Robithotul , Wiyatiningsih Sri
Published: April 2022

The research purposed to know the land capability class and study the Sustainable Agricultural Management with Agroforestry systems on the land of PT. Fructi Agri Sejati Dusun Komboh, Sambirejo Village, Kec. Wonosalam, Kab. Jombang. One of the ways to manage sustainable agricultural land is by utilizing land according to the land capability class. Land use must be balanced between land use and conservation efforts to maintain the balance of the ecosystem and the preservation of the physical condition the land. The application of agroforestry systems have included one way of the sustainable agricultural systems. The results showed that the land capability class for Clove and Cocoa was class VI with limiting factor is the slope. Land use based on land capability class for clove and cocoa plants, are: 1) Nature Reserve, 2) Forestry, 3) Limited grass, and 4) Fairly good grass. The land use is sought to be as close as possible to the characteristics of the nature reserve and to adjust the slope level, by mechanical and vegetative conservation.
APLIKASI DECANTER SOLID DAN PUPUK SP 36 TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN VEGETATIF BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) UMUR 1 BULAN
Authors: Mahdalena Mahdalena , Majid Nurcholis
Published: April 2022

Research on application of solid decanter and SP 36 fertilizer on vegetative growth of palm oil seeds (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) age 1 month.  The study was conducted for 12 weeks (3 months) from May - August 2021. The research was carried out in the Agrotechnology Experimental Garden at Widya Gama Mahakam University Samarinda. This research uses The research method used a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with a 4 x 4 factorial experiment consisting of 3 replications. The first factor is P0 = No Treatment (Control), P1 = 75g/polybag, P2 = 100g/polybag, P3 = 125g/polybag. While the second factor is SP-36 fertilizer with: S0 = No Treatment (Control), S1 = 1.5g/polybag, S2 = 2.5g/polybag, S3 = 3.5g/polybag. The expected output is to provide information about the best dose of solid decanter for vegetative growth of falm oil for the community. Provide information about the best SP 36 fertilizer for the vegetative growth of palm oil for the community.
IDENTIFIKASI MIKROBA AGENS HAYATI PADA LAHAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis jackuenensis Jack.) BELUM MENGHASILKAN DI KECAMATAN MARANG KAYU - KUTAI KARTANEGARA
Authors: Purwati Purwati , Nugrahini Tutik , Noor Rustam Baraq
Published: April 2022

Penyerapan dan ketersediaan unsur hara dapat ditingkatkan dengan adanya mikroorganisme tanah.. Lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit umumnya diusahakan pada lahan marjinal dan keragaman populasi mikroba tanah yang rendah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi mikroba agens hayati pada lahan kelapa sawit belum menghasilkan di Kecamatan Marang Kayu, Kutai Kartanegara. Pengambilan sampel tanah berlokasi di perkebunan kelapa sawit belum menghasilkan milik rakyat di Kecamatan Marang Kayu, Kutai Kartanegara dan proses identifikasi (penghitungan dan isolasi) mikroorganisme di Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman. Metode penelitian ini meliputi dua metode meliputi penghitungan jumlah mikroorganisme tanah dan isolasi mikroorganisme tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mikroba yang terdapat pada lahan kelapa sawit belum menghasilkan yang berpotensi sebagai agens hayati yaitu jamur Trichoderma.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS JAMUR Metarhizium anisoplae DAN Beauveria bassiana Bals LOKAL DAN KOMERISIAL TERHADAP HAMA KUTU DAUN (Aphis craccivora) PADA TANAMAN KACANG PANJANG (Vigna sinensis L.)
Authors: Sopialena Sopialena , Sahid Abdul , Hutajulu Juita
Published: April 2022

Kutu daun dapat menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas produk kacang panjang. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat efektifitas beberapa jamur entomopatogen (jamur Metarhizium anisopliae lokal, Beauveria bassiana Bals lokal, Metarhizium anisopliae komersial dan Beauveria bassiana Bals komersial) dalam mengendalikan kutu daun Aphis craccivora C.L. Koch.Untuk membandingkan efektivitas jamur entomopatogen  (jamur Metarhizium anisopliae dan Beauveria bassiana Bals) isolat lokal Kalimantan Timur dan isolat komersial.Penelitian dilakukan di lapangan dan di Laboratorium Hama Penyakit Tumbuhan  Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari lima perlakuan san lima ulangan. Perlakuan yang dingunakan yaitu dengan aplikasi Isolat Beauveria bassiana Bals lokal, Metarhizium anisopliae lokal, Beauveria bassiana Bals komersial, Metarhizium anisopliae komersial. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jamur entomopatogen (jamur Metarhizium anisopliae lokal, Beauveria bassiana Bals lokal, Metarhizium anisopliae komersial dan Beauveria bassiana Bals komersial) efektif dalam mengendalikan populasi Hama Kutu Aphis craccivora C.L. Koch. dan efektivitas jamur entomopatogen (jamur Metarhizium anisopliae dan Beauveria bassiana Bals) isolat lokal Kalimantan Timur dan isolat komersial tidak berbeda nyata dalam menekan populasi hama Kutu Daun Aphis craccivora C.L. Koch.
COVID-19 in Pregnancy: A Maternal Compromise
Authors: Fai Jason Ng Kit , Din Amalina Che , Fong Celine Mien Er
Published: April 2022

Few studies have reported the effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on pregnancy albeit the exact mechanism of maternal compromise requiring escalated management is not known. This case demonstrated how a pregnant woman deteriorated and recovered from COVID-19 after delivery. A 37-year-old lady, G4P3, at 29 weeks gestation presented with reduced fetal movement, fever, chest pain and cough, with a background of gestational diabetes. She was proven positive for COVID-19 and was started on treatment promptly. Initially, she was maintaining her oxygen saturations but later deteriorated despite maximum oxygen therapy. She was escalated to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and treated with non-invasive mechanical ventilation requiring up to a FiO2 – 0.7. In view of the patient's best interest, multiple Multidisciplinary Team discussions took place and unanimously decided to proceed with emergency lower segment caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia which was uneventful. She made gradual recovery and was discharged from ICU after 2 weeks. During her admission, she was found to be MRSA positive from her Caesarean section wound and was treated accordingly. Both mother and baby were fit for discharge after 1 month of admission. There is a lack of evidence regarding implications of COVID-19 on pregnancy. Gestational diabetes on top of the physiological immunosuppressed status may put pregnant women in a vulnerable group. Further studies are required to identify factors generating increased rate of surgical intervention, preterm deliveries, and ICU admission in COVID-19 positive pregnancies.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue-2: 2021 Page: S5
Clinically Benign Cystic Lesions of the Lateral Neck: Road to Malignant Discoveries
Authors: Rosli Nurwahyuna
Published: April 2022

Solitary cystic neck lesions as the only presenting feature in adult patients may present diagnostic challenges as the aetiology may be malignant or non-malignant entities. Investigation is usually through radiology and tissue sampling. Subsequent diagnosis of malignancy requires thorough exploration for localization of primary tumour for complete treatment. We report 2 cases of solitary cystic neck lesion subsequently diagnosed as malignancy. First case is a 70-year-old man presented clinically with left branchial cyst. Excision of the cyst revealed papillary thyroid carcinoma. He underwent total thyroidectomy, central and left neck dissection despite no obvious nodule on physical examination or ultrasound. Histologically, no tumour was found on the thyroid or lymph node specimen. The second case is a 48-year-old man presented with painless right neck swelling. Excision showed squamous cell carcinoma arising in a right branchial cyst. Extensive examination did not show any other mass within the head and neck region. However, one year later his right neck swelling recurred. Histological examination confirmed metastatic squamous cell carcinoma to the neck lymph node. He underwent bilateral tonsillectomy and modified radical neck dissection following the finding of occult malignancy. Primary tumour was identified at the tonsil. Malignant cystic neck lesions are not uncommon. Solitary, painless lateral neck cyst in an adult warrant careful and detailed work-up. Aspiration of lateral neck cyst is an effective primary investigation tool prior to embarking on more costly or invasive examination.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue-2: 2021 Page: S9
Necrotic Sequelae of COVID-19 Vasculitis in Geriatric Patient
Authors: Jamalludin Amira Nabiha , Che Din Nur Amalina Binti
Published: April 2022

COVID-19 vasculitis has recently been reported in COVID-19 articles. Cutaneous manifestations can progress to necrotic skin lesion in 6% of cases. This is theoretically linked with advanced age and severe degree of infection. (1) This is a case of a 90-year-old female from a care home with a background history of dementia, heart failure, hypothyroidism, diabetes and pacemaker-in-situ. She presented with fever and tachycardia. COVID-19 test turned out positive. Electrocardiogram (ECG) showed atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response of spontaneous resolution. Several days later, she had recurrent supraventricular tachycardia which was resolved by adenosine. The day after, she developed multiple petechiae on hands, feet and nose. Among differentials made were infective endocarditis, heparininduced thrombocytopenia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Full blood count revealed thrombocytopenia with p-anca positive on vasculitis screen. The lesions progressed into necrotic skin breakdown, which was unaesthetically pleasant for the patient. Final diagnosis by a Geriatrician was COVID-induced vasculitis. Multidisciplinary team (MDT) consisted of Cardiology, Haematology, Dermatology, Rheumatology and Plastic Surgery were involved in decision-making for investigations and treatment. COVID-19 vasculitis in this case possibly augmented by other factors. The pre-existing heart failure may act as cardiovascular risk factor, predisposing to systemic vascular failure thus intensifies thrombosis. (1) Besides that, can it be aggravated by hypothyroidism whereby autoimmunity is the precursor? This case holds impactful clinical significance, opening doors to future research and audit. MDT involvement is highly valued thus magnifying quality of patient care and safety. Together with comprehensive geriatric assessment where physical, functional, mental, social and environmental factors are taken into management.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue-2: 2021 Page: S10
Micropapillary Adenocarcinoma of the Sigmoid Colon Presenting as Intestinal Obstruction in an Elderly Woman
Authors: Yeoh Boon Seng
Published: April 2022

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the second most common malignancy in Malaysia. Nonetheless, micropapillary adenocarcinoma (MPA) subtype has not been studied extensively since its initial description in 2005. This article is the first reported case of MPA of the sigmoid colon in Malaysia. An 84-year-old Chinese woman presented with a three-day history of obstipation and progressive abdominal distension. She was nauseated with poor oral intake and vomiting gastric content. Otherwise, she did not experience constitutional and gastrointestinal red flag symptoms. Systemic reviews were non-significance. Her elder brother had colon cancer, but she was never screened for CRC. Her abdomen was distended with no peritonism nor palpable mass. Erect abdominal radiograph showed dilated small and large bowels with multiple air fluids levels, no air under diaphragm seen in chest roentgenogram. Apart from elevated carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen 125, her initial blood works were normal. Urgent surgical consult obtained for suspected malignant bowel obstruction. Contrasted computed tomography scan delineated a luminal narrowing at the sigmoid colon and confirmed the diagnosis. She underwent proctosigmoidectomy and discharged postoperatively. Histopathological examination came back as moderately differentiated MPA with nodal extension at stage pT4N2a. Despite 10% of CRC presented with intestinal obstruction, the cohort had a significantly lower survival rate with more advanced disease. Histologically, MPA behaves invasively and predicts nodal metastasis. Identification of micropapillary components is linked to poorer disease prognosis. Effective therapy remained unknown. This case describes the late presentation of MPA variant of CRC, which highlights its clinical and research implications.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue-2: 2021 Page: S11
Kounis Syndrome: Correct Diagnosis Leads to Correct Treatment Approach
Authors: Bin Amran Iskandar Mirza
Published: April 2022

Kounis syndrome is defined by the occurrence of an acute coronary syndrome with conditions associated with mast cell activation, involving interrelated and interacting inflammatory cells, and including allergic or hypersensitivity and anaphylactic or anaphylactoid attacks. 34 years old gentleman with a history of young hypertension came with a complaint of wasp sting over his left eyelid. Post sting, he developed shortness of breath associated with sweating, palpitation however no shortness of breath. He was unconscious shortly after that. During the casualty review, the patient has cold and clammy peripheries with the swollen left eyelid. He is hypotensive and tachycardic. Respiratory and cardiovascular examination was unremarkable. Electrocardiography (ECG) showed ST depression over lead 1 and aVL with ST-elevation at lead V1-V3 and T inversion lead 1, aVL, V4 – V6. Repeated ECG showed evolving changes of ST-elevation over lead V1-V3. Troponin I, 3 hours post wasp sting was not elevated. The patient was given intravenous hydrocortisone, intramuscular adrenaline, antihistamine, and intravenous fluids challenge. Blood pressure normalized and repeated ECG showed resolved ST elevation changes. This patient fits the criteria for Kounis syndrome type 1 secondary to an anaphylactic reaction towards wasp sting. The ECG changes were attributed to the coronary artery vasospasm secondary to an anaphylactic reaction. Type 1 Kounis syndrome can happen with or without raised cardiac enzyme or troponin. It resolved by itself when proper medications were given to reverse the anaphylactic reaction. Early recognition of Kounis syndrome leads to correct treatment approach.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue-2: 2021 Page: S13
An Epidemiological Study of COVID-19 Pandemic in one Predominantly Rural District of Developing Country: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mushtaq Beenish , Bhat Ashfaq Ahmad , Rashid Ashiq , Jan Yasmeen
Published: April 2022

Background: The emerging disease of COVID-19 that started from Wuhan China has now spread to more than 210 countries around the globe including India. Easy way of transmission and absence of immunity makes it highly contagious in nature. As very little data is available on various aspects of the disease, this study was taken up with the objective to generate local epidemiological data in order to provide better insight about the disease scenario prevalent in our region that will help to devise locally relevant strategies to contain the disease.Study Area: District Budgam of Kashmir Division.Materials and Methods: Cross sectional study done for a period of two month from (16th March-to 17th May) and all confirmed cases in this time frame were taken up for the study.Results: The cumulative number of cases that were reported in two months, till 17th May was 57. Out of total 10 medical blocks in the district maximum cases were reported from one block. 59.6% were reported in the age group of 20-39 years and 78.9% were males. In 71.9% cases the source of infection was contact with a positive case and 21% cases gave history of travel. Out of total 57 cases in only 12 cases the contacts turned positive and the percentage of contacts that turned positive ranged from 7% to 12 %.Conclusion: In this study estimation of the burden of disease in a district, its time distribution, block wise distribution of cases and major source of infection provide insight about the disease scenario at the local level. This study will be helpful in allocation of the limited resources that are available at the district level by health professionals.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 04 October’21 Page: 441-445
Non-diabetic Out-Patients’ Lifestyle and Awareness of Type 2 Diabetes Symptoms in two Nigerian Secondary Health Care Facilities
Authors: Eze Uchenna I.H , Osoba Doyin O , Iheanacho Chinonyerem O
Published: April 2022

Objectives: Diabetes is a highly prevalent, lifestyle-related, but preventable chronic disease in parts of Nigeria. The study assessed lifestyle and awareness of non-diabetics on diabetes for effective primary prevention.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on non-diabetic out-patients in two hospitals using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive analyses were performed using SPSS version 21.0. Outcome variables were presence of unhealthy diet and classical diabetes symptoms in the respondents. p≤0.05.Results and discussion: A total of 300 respondents participated in the study. Majority 186(62.0%) had never monitored their blood glucose. Over half 168(56%), were not aware of diabetes preventive measures, and few, reported the occurrence of diabetic symptoms with fatigue having the highest occurrence 61(20.3%), followed by blurred vision 58(19.3%). Age (p=0.229), Marital status (p=0.375), Education (p=0.217), Income (p=0.240), were not associated with diabetic symptoms. Majority did not smoke 262(87.3%) or take alcohol 216(72.0%).Conclusion: Low awareness of diabetes was mostly found among the respondents. Majority was not aware of diabetes symptoms and had never checked their blood glucose. However, healthy social lifestyle was found among them. Findings indicate the need for enhanced diabetes education to non-diabetic patients.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 04 October’21 Page: 446-453
An Observational Study on Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients Urgently Hospitalised from COVID Assessment Centres in Seremban, Malaysia
Authors: MI Nor Azila , A Ahmad Baihaqi , A Nur Aslizah , AR Nur Haizumraimi , MAR Nur Saadah
Published: April 2022

Objectives: COVID-19 emerged as a major global health problem in late 2019. At present, Malaysia has recorded more than 2 million cases since its first case; detected in January 2020. This study describes the clinical characteristics and outcome of COVID-19 patients urgently hospitalised in Seremban district from its local COVID Assessment Centre (CAC).Methods. Clinical records of all confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted urgently from three designated CACs between July and September 2021 in Seremban district were retrieved. The demography and clinical characteristics were captured, and the COVID vaccination status and clinical outcomes of each case were obtained and descriptively analysed using SPSS version 22.0.Results. A total of 240 samples were analysed. About 54.6% were female and 45.4% were male. The median age was 51 years. Majority of the cases were Malay, followed by Indian and Chinese, which was 67.5%, 17.5% and 12.1% of all cases, respectively. The median day of the illness was day 5, and the vast majority (77.1%) of cases were COVID-19 category 4. Most (72.5%) cases have underlying medical illnesses. The average body mass index (BMI) among the cases was 29.9 kg/m2 whereby 40.4% of them were obese with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 and above. Breathlessness was the most reported symptom (39.2%), followed by cough (28.7%). About 25.3% of them did not report any symptoms. Of all the cases urgently hospitalised, the recorded fatality was 9.6%, whereby 91.3% of them were not completely vaccinated.Conclusion. The majority of these urgently hospitalised patients were admitted due to COVID-19 category 4 infection. Most of them already had underlying medical problems and nearly half were obese. Most of the patients admitted who ended with mortality did not complete their vaccination.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2022 Page: S40
Bell’s Palsy Following Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Hamzah Mohd Hafiz , Ramli Ramiza Ramza
Published: April 2022

COVID-19 is the latest pandemic announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. Immunity can be achieved by preventive immunisation of the population. Pfizer–BioNTech COVID- 19 vaccine is the first vaccine produced and safely used for the public with an efficacy rate of 95% in the prevention of COVID-19. Despite the excellent efficacy, adverse effects of the vaccine, although rare, should be monitored. Bell’s palsy following COVID-19 vaccination is a very rare adverse effect reported. A healthy 38-year-old Malay lady came to the emergency department Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) complaining of sudden onset left-sided facial asymmetry three hours after she received the second dose of Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. Facial examination showed left facial nerve palsy (House Brackmann grade 2). She was treated for left Bell’s palsy post COVID-19 vaccination; she was prescribed oral prednisolone and referred to a physiotherapist for facial exercise. After two weeks, Bell's palsy was completely resolved. Bell’s palsy following COVID-19 vaccination is a very rare adverse effect reported. Despite this rarity, the incidents of Bell’s palsy were cited as medically attended adverse events (MAAE) during the Pfizer– BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial. In our case, the timing and onset of the patient's symptoms and signs suggested that it was an adverse effect related to the vaccination. Currently, the mechanism of COVID-19 vaccines causing facial nerve palsy is unclear and warrants further investigation. Bell’s palsy associated with COVID-19 vaccination is a very rare adverse effect, which fortunately can be treated with oral steroids. Despite that, the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination outweigh the risks, in the quest to curb this devastating pandemic.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2022 Page: S42
Patterns of Medical Problems Among Rohingya Refugees Attending IMARET4Rohingya Clinics in Kelantan and Selangor
Authors: Abdul Hai Aina Haziqah , Tahir Ahmad Rashidi Mohamed , Athirah Daud Nur Aizati
Published: April 2022

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100 Top Cited COVID-19-related Publications
Authors: Hod Rafidah , Idris Idayu Badilla , Hod Rozita
Published: April 2022

Objectives: Bibliometric analysis scrutinizes documents quantitatively using key parameters such as number of publications, subject area, citation metrics and collaborative networks. This study was conducted to answer these research questions: 1) What is the current publication trend globally on COVID-19?; 2) Which publications are in the top 100 most cited articles?; 3) Who are the most influential authors on COVID-19?; and 4) Which themes of COVID-19 are the most popular among scholars.Methods: A bibliometric search was conducted in Scopus database using keywords such as `COVID- 19’ or ‘COVID19’ or ‘COVID’ or ‘SARS-CoV-2’ in the article title. Document type was limited to original articles, review articles, conference papers and book chapters. A total of 139,888 documents were retrieved. The data is further analysed using Harzing’s Publish or Perish and VOSviewer to obtain the relevant citation metrics as well as visualization of collaborating networks.Results: Out of the total documents, 39% were published in the ‘Medicine’ subject area. Other subject areas include ‘Social Sciences’ (8.6%), ‘Computer Science’ (4%), ‘Engineering’ (3.1%) and ‘Psychology’ (2.8%). The most productive institution is Harvard Medical School which produced a total of 1921 documents. The top three leading countries are the United States, China and the United Kingdom, while the most productive author is Mahase, E. with 218 documents. The most influential publication, which had 11,279 citations, was titled `Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study” published in The Lancet, 2020. The 100 top-cited publications have citations ranging from 802 – 11279. These top publications were published in 52 source titles, with the majority of the top-cited articles being published in The Lancet.Conclusion: Publications in COVID-19 are increasing exponentially and are mainly dominated by the United States. Extensive research is still ongoing, with more new discoveries in vaccine areas and related effects of COVID-19 are anticipated.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2022 Page: S46
Prevalence of Bacteria Contaminating the Hands of Healthcare Workers: An Experience of Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda
Authors: Aisha Nazziwa , Kamada Lwere , Ankarali Handan , Ankarali Seyit
Published: April 2022

Background: The pathogenic bacterium on the hands of healthcare workers (HCWs) is considered as the main route of spread of nosocomial infections.Objectives:To determine bacterial contamination of the hands of healthcare workersduring routine patient care in Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda.Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study included 70 health care workers, who were actively providing healthcare in the hospital. Doctors, nurses, midwives,laboratory technicians, and pharmacistsof the hospital were included in the study. The hand impressions of the participants were taken on 5% blood agar and processed as per guidelines. The criteria used for identification of bacteria werebased on colony morphology, Gram staining, catalase test (for Gram-positive cocci), coagulase test (for suspected Staphylococcus aureus) and other standard biochemical tests.Results: Out of 70 samples, 62(88.6)% showed growth of microorganisms. The most commonly isolated genus was Bacillus found in 46(74.2%) of isolates, followed by Coagulase negative Staphylococcus(CoNS) found in 39(62.9%) of isolates, Micrococcus 18(29%) of isolates, Pseudomonas found in 13(21%) isolates, Acinetobacter 9(14.5%) and Staphylococus 7(11.3%). Bacillus was found in all 5 midwives (100%), 3(75%) of drug dispensary workers, 9(69.2%) doctors, 3(60%) laboratory technicians and 25(64.1%) of nurses. Prevalence of Coagulase negative Staphylococcus was also found to be highest in 9(69.2%) of doctors, 2(40%) laboratory attendants, 4(10%) laboratory technicians, 3(60%) midwives and 20(51,3%) nurses. The prevalence rate of pathogenic bacteria is highest among doctors followed by nurses.Conclusion: The bacterial contamination on the hands of healthcare workers remains high and measures need to be taken to effectively implement hand hygiene.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 06 No. 02 April’22 Page: 178-182
Endophytic Fungal Species in Tropical Trees: A Review
Authors: Subasinghe S.M.C.U.P. , Hettiarachchige R.P.
Published: April 2022

Pathogenic fungi are common in forest ecosystems which cause diseases and sometimes death of plants, while some fungi live inside trees harmlessly without causing issues. Sometimes, plants benefit from the presence of those endophytic fungi, such as gaining resistance to environmental stresses, protection from harmful pathogens etc. Numerous studies have been conducted on such relationships between endophytic fungi and short-term agricultural crops. However, such studies are rare in the literature on tropical tree species which bear timber and non-timber values. This study illustrates the studies conducted on endophytic fungi in tropical trees and explores the potential use of such fungi for obtaining benefits.
Smallholder Rubber Farming based Agro-tourism: Potential, Attitude and Challenges in Sri Lanka-A Case Study in Moneragala District
Authors: Gunarathne P.K.K.S. , Tennakoon T.M.S.P.K. , Edirisinghe J.C. , Jayasundara K.K.I.
Published: April 2022

This study was carried out to assess the possibilities of the Rubber Farming based Agro-Tourism (RFAT) in the smallholder rubber sector in Moneregala. The study covered 222 rubber smallholdings in eight rubber growing DS divisions and was conducted in 2019 through a questionnaire survey and focus group discussions. Stratified random sampling technique was applied. Rubber Agro-tourism Potential Index (RAPI) was developed to measure the resource availability in rubber smallholdings. The 18 potential rubber farming practices which could be offered to a tourist were identified. The younger Rubber Smallholders (RSs) were more aware of the agro-tourism. Young, educated and experienced RSs had a highly positive attitude for RFAT. Comparatively, more positive impacts of RFAT were highlighted by RSs. Lack of practical exposure to RFAT and low level of different language skills were identified as major constraints by the RSs. Badalkumbura DS division was the most potential resourceful area for development of RFAT in Moneragala. Hence, there is an utmost need to work for uplifting the RFAT industry from governmental, non-governmental, private and community sectors. There is a felt necessity to implement awareness programmes, training and workshops, especially for RSs and small-scale tourism business entrepreneurs to uplift the RFAT industry through forming the relevant organizations. This information will be provided with an immense value for policy makers, researchers, extension planners to make the RFAT industry a profitable, socially acceptable and an environmentally friendly approach for the betterment of the nation.
Effect of Pre-sowing Treatments on Germination and Initial Growth of Terminalia citrina: A Medicinal Tree Species in Bangladesh
Authors: Dey S. , Hossain M. K. , Nandi R. , Saifullah M.
Published: April 2022

Terminalia citrina (Gaertn.) Roxb. ex. Fleming (local name-Hatiyal) is an important medicinal tree species naturally grown in Sal and hill forests of Bangladesh. An experiment was conducted at the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh, to find out the effects of pre-sowing treatments on germination and vigor seedling production capability. Seeds were treated with six pre-sowing treatments, e.g. T0-seeds without any treatment (Control), T1-seeds soaking in normal water for 24 hours and sown in polybags (24º C), T2-seeds soaking in normal water for 48 hours and sown in polybags (24º C), T3-fruits sown in seedbed, T4-seeds soaking in hot water for 1 minute and sown in propagator house (80º C), and T5-seeds sown in propagator house. Highest germination percentage (95.83%), germination energy (37.5%), and germination value (1.0506) were found in T5 treatment (seed sown in propagator house) and significantly (p<0.05) different from other treatments. Collar diameter and leaf number were recorded after three and four months of seed germination. After 3 months of the last germination, maximum shoot height (46.6 cm) was revealed in T2 (seeds immersed in normal water for 48 hours and sown in polybags) treatment. Collar diameter (6.02 mm) and leaf number (12.6) were recorded highest in T2 treatment. The lowest diameter (4.23 mm) and leaf number (5.8) were found in T4 treatment (seeds soaking in hot water for 1 minute and sown in propagator house). Finally, seeds sown in the propagator house (sand media) revealed comparatively better germination behaviour but low growth performance. Seeds treated with normal water for 48 hours treatment revealed appropriate for vigour and quality seedlings production for T. citrina.
Geospatial modelling of Forest Canopy Density and Landscape Assessment in Omo Biosphere Reserve, South-western Nigeria
Authors: Mshelia Z.H. , Bamgboye A.I. , Onilude M.A. , Taiwo O.J.
Published: April 2022

Forest has an important role in the global carbon cycle that covers over one-fourth of the world’s geographical area. It is one of the major natural resources and magnificent terrestrial ecosystems of the world. Forest Canopy Density (FCD) is imperative in the assessment of forest status and is a primary indicator of potential management interventions. Landsat images of 1990 and 2018 were used in this study. Remote Sensing has demonstrated to be very cost-effective in mapping and monitoring changes in forests, and other environmental issues. Forest cover change and fragmentation were analysed using FCD and Landscape metrics. The FCD was obtained from the combination of data from the Advance Vegetation Density Index (AVI), Bare Soil Index (BI), and Forest Shadow Index (FSI). Four categories of change were identified in the reserve, no change, growth, degradation and deforestation. There was no change in 222.57 ha (52.98%), growth had 81.54 ha (0.69%), degradation with 116.01 ha (27.61%) and deforestation with the least change with 0.81 ha (0.19%). Degradation with a change rate of 0.97% contributed more in terms of change. There is a slight increase in the values of the three diversity indices (SHDI, SHEI, SIDI) while a high degree of homogeneity is recorded in the no forest class and the three others classes were fragmented. Understanding the dynamics of the forests is important in mitigating climate change and support for biological resources.
MAKING BUSINESS POLICIES AND STRATEGIES IN THE VUCA ERA WITH TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Setyanto Putro  , Rianto Rianto  , Bima Haria Wibisana
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Entering the VUCA era, which stands for Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity, is a business situation that leads to uncertainty and is volatile, causing anxiety among business leaders. Creating a business opportunity in the VUCA era requires a strategy owned by many individuals and companies. Being able to run a business in the short term in the VUCA era is not enough, every company certainly wants the business processes they run to be sustainable. So far, the pattern of business thinking is still dominated by short-term thinking. Companies need to innovate to ensure the sustainability of their business processes. Objective. To review the VUCA era and what strategies companies should do to face the VUCA era. Method. The method used is literature research using Elsevier, Science Direct, or other databases to identify the essential attribute of materials. There are 29 pieces of literature found in the database related to the topic. Result and Conclusion. To overcome VUCA era, it is necessary to apply some strategies like vision, understanding, clarity, and agility. If this solution applied, the company can produce innovations or breakthroughs that are getting better, it will also have a good impact on the company's future sustainability.
Avaliação Funcional e a sua Prática em Contextos Aplicados
Authors: Britto Ilma A. Goulart de Souza , Maia Marcon Roberta , Johnathan S. Oliveira Iran
Published: April 2022

O presente estudo descreve o processo de avaliação funcional dentro da abordagem analítico-comportamental. Inicialmente, o estudo desenvolve-se apresentando a fundamentação empírica do processo de avaliação funcional. Segue com o enfoque sobre o processo de avaliação funcional com status experimental. E apresenta os métodos do processo de avaliação funcional: a avaliação funcional por observação direta, avaliação funcional por observação direta e análise funcional. Ênfase é dada à manipulação de variáveis – ou análise funcional – como uma estratégia experimental utilizada para demonstrar relações funcionais, cujo desenvolvimento alcançou alto grau de precisão na identificação das fontes de reforçamento do comportamento-problema. Conclui-se que os métodos de avaliação e análise funcional devem ser considerados obrigatórios para aplicação de intervenções comportamentais para modificação de comportamentos-problema severos.
Comportamento autoclítico: Revisão sistemática de estudos experimentais
Authors: Colombo dos Santos Bruna , Souza Carlos
Published: April 2022

Revisões de literatura sobre comportamento verbal costumam indicar que existem poucos estudos experimentais sobre comportamento autoclítico. No entanto, podem existir estudos experimentais de caráter analítico comportamental que abordam autoclíticos sem utilizar este termo. Este trabalho realizou uma revisão da literatura buscando (1) ampliar o conhecimento sobre estudos experimentais analítico comportamentais que abordam autoclíticos, e (2) descrever e analisar o perfil dos participantes, procedimentos de ensino utilizados, autoclíticos avaliados e principais resultados dos estudos localizados. A busca foi feita no portal de periódicos da CAPES utilizando os termos ‘autoclitic’, ‘behavior analysis’, e termos relacionados à gramática. Foram selecionados 37 artigos que investigaram autoclíticos, sendo que 24 não utilizaram o termo. A maioria dos participantes dos estudos foram crianças com desenvolvimento atípico, os autoclíticos relacionais foram os mais estudados e o treino/ensino com/por múltiplos exemplares se mostraram importantes no ensino dos autoclíticos. Com base nestes resultados são sugeridas novas questões de pesquisa.
Análise quantitativa do comportamento: possíveis interfaces entre Psicologia e Economia no estudo de tomada de decisões
Authors: Meneses Thiago Cersosimo , Portella Bianca Sanches , Benvenuti Marcelo Frota Lobato
Published: April 2022

Desenvolvimentos no emergente campo da Economia Comportamental têmproposto uma visão atualizada sobre comportamentos antes taxados como “irracionais”, oque fundamentou mudanças significativas na modelagem econômica clássica de estudos detomada de decisão. Michie et al. (2011) aponta, no entanto, modelos comportamentaisbaseados em evidência e com consistência interna ainda representam uma carência da área.Grande parte das teorias que embasam aplicações acabam encontrando-se enraizadas emconhecimentos intuitivos ou de senso comum sobre o comportamento. Argumenta-se que aPsicologia Comportamental oferece um corpo relevante de teorias e evidências que podemcontribuir para uma compreensão robusta e baseada em evidências sobre a natureza docomportamento por parte das Ciências Econômicas. Tais contribuições podem ser úteispara uma melhor compreensão de como variáveis essenciais para predizer comportamentoso afetam, possibilitando melhor planejamento de aplicações. Alguns caminhos relevantespelos quais ambas as áreas podem se beneficiar de uma comunicação mais fluída serãodiscutidos.
Nudges e paternalismo libertário: apontamentos sobre questões emergentes
Authors: Rocha César Antonio Alves
Published: April 2022

A aplicação de conhecimento derivado das ciências comportamentais para o desenho e aprimoramento de políticas públicas é uma tendência crescente em todo o mundo. Nesse contexto, nudges e paternalismo libertário concentram parte significativa das atenções, tendo moldado práticas administrativas em diversos níveis de governo. Esse texto objetiva apresentar apontamentos sobre questões emergentes envolvendo nudges e paternalismo libertário. Cinco tópicos são mais detidamente examinados, apresentando-se críticas, contra-críticas e desdobramentos conceituais: 1) a tensão entre influência e manipulação, 2) a ideia de que nudges “infantilizam” escolhedores, 3) diferenças e semelhanças entre paternalismo coercivo e paternalismo libertário, 4) sludges e auditorias de sludge, 5) a recentemente proposta ideia de auto-nudging. Ao fim, são tecidos breves comentários acerca de possibilidades e desafios para que esses tópicos – originalmente abordados pela perspectiva da economia comportamental – possam vir a ser pensados a partir de um ponto de vista analítico-comportamental.
Explicação de comportamentos sob esquemas misto e múltiplo: efeitos da ordem de observação e do acesso a expressões faciais
Authors: Azoubel Marcos Spector , Carpi Karina , Costa Monalisa Michele , Lima Victor Macedo Alcantara , Mello Matheus Henrique de Souza , Morais Flávia Maria Mascarenhas Veras , Rossini Amanda Nunes , Silva Acauã Galdino Vieira , Souza Maynary Elizabethe Azevedo de , Vilares João Eduardo Cattani
Published: April 2022

Estudos sugerem que a observação de expressões corporais de indivíduos em situações nas quais comportamentos não estão evidentemente discriminados pode evocar explicações internalistas de outros, incompatíveis com o modelo de causalidade analítico-comportamental. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito do acesso a expressões corporais sobre explicações do comportamento de clicar em esquemas de reforçamento misto (não sinalizado) e múltiplo (sinalizado), compostos por DRL 10 s e VR 4. Vinte adultos foram instruídos a explicar, por escrito, o comportamento de clicar de dois personagens em quatro vídeos. Metade dos participantes teve acesso às expressões corporais dos personagens. As explicações foram classificadas em: (a) referência a eventos públicos observáveis no vídeo; (b) referência a eventos públicos hipotetizados; e (c) referência a eventos privados. Os resultados sugerem que o acesso às expressões e ao esquema misto parecem evocar explicações internalistas e ter efeitos sutis sobre as outras classific
Do laboratório com animais não humanos para onde?
Authors: Straehl Hebert , Huziwara Edson , Oliveira Thais Porlan
Published: April 2022

O objetivo deste estudo foi mapear características das práticas pedagógicas de AEC dez anos após a promulgação da Lei 11.794/2008, na visão de docentes. Secundariamente, buscou-se analisar retrospectivamente o impacto da Lei, que preconizou a substituição do uso de animais não humanos no ensino, e possibilidades de recursos pedagógicos. Foram mapeadas as instituições onde havia disciplina prática de AEC em 2018 e coletados dados de autorrelato de 40 docentes. Os dados foram classificados segundo características das atividades didáticas (com ou sem prática, com uso de animais não humanos ou com humanos e/ou simulador de computador) que estavam em uso. A maioria dos participantes declarou explicitamente conhecer o teor da Lei e a taxa de conhecimento aumenta entre os que ainda utilizavam protocolos tradicionais de ensino com animais não humanos no laboratório. Em destaque discutiu-se a necessidade de investimento em recursos pedagogicamente eficientes substitutos ao laboratório operante, especialmente no Brasil.
Palavras-chave: ensino; recursos pedagógicos; análise experimental do comportamento; laboratório didático; animais não humanos.
Avaliação de professores sobre a participação de animais em atividades didáticas de Análise Experimental do Comportamento
Authors: Strapasson Bruno Angelo , De Luca Gabriel Gomes
Published: April 2022

A participação de animais no ensino de Análise Experimental do Comportamento (AEC) é uma tradição consolidada que tem sido desafiada em função de avaliações críticas e mudanças legislativas que afetam tais práticas. Neste estudo investigamos a avaliação que professores de AEC fazem da participação de animais em atividades didáticas de AEC. Participaram do estudo 61 professores. A maioria (86,9%) ministrou aulas depois da regulamentação da legislação vigente, incluía animais em suas atividades práticas (57,4%), preferia práticas com a participação de animais (67,2%) principalmente em função do entendimento que as práticas alternativas disponíveis não são suficientemente adequadas para substituir os animais. A maioria dos respondentes (97,0%) utilizaram os manuais nacionais como bibliografia básica, mas é comum a apresentação de objetivos não justificáveis ou insuficientes para a participação de animais nessas práticas. Sugere-se que é necessário tanto capacitar melhor os professores de AEC que incluem animais quanto desenvolver e avaliar melhores métodos alternativos.