bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Development of Paper/ZnO–SnO2 Heterostructured Ultra-Fast TENG Based LPG Sensor
Authors: Yadav Prabhakar , Singh Ajeet , Singh Shakti , Kumar Dheeraj
Published: November 2022

This work establishes a very simple and economical preparation of paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators for self-powered LPG sensing. Magnification in the output of TENG was achieved by ZnO/SnO2 synthesized by hydrothermal. This material has been thoroughly characterized through XRD, UV, FESEM, FTIR, and Nanozetasizer. The average crystallite size of the heterostructure was obtained as 17.59 nm. Bandgap of ZnO/SnO2 material was found as 3.49 eV. FESEM exhibits that present heterostructure material exhibits spherical nature with lots of voids on the film surface. From Nanozetasizer, the diameter of particles resides between the range 50–80 nm with an average particle size as 63.23 nm. The fabricated TENG generates a maximum output voltage of ∼75 volts which is more than the output of paper-based TENG. This TENG was used as a power source to operate a resistive LPG sensing film. The maximum response of 24 and minimum response-recovery times of 120–135 ms were observed, which makes this LPG sensing device ultra-fast.
Arthritis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: the role of chondroitin sulfate and its associated proteoglycans in disease pathology and as a diagnostic marker
Authors: Maciej-Hulme Marissa L. , Melrose James , Farrugia Brooke L.
Published: November 2022

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a ubiquitous glycosaminoglycan covalently attached to the core proteins of cell surface, extracellular, and intracellular proteoglycans. The multistep and highly regulated biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate and its degradation products give rise to a diverse species of molecules with functional regulatory properties in biological systems. This review will elucidate and expand on the most recent advances in understanding the role of chondroitin sulfate and its associate proteoglycans, in arthritis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), two different and discrete pathologies. Highlighting not only the biodiverse nature of this family of molecules but also the utilization of CS proteoglycans, CS, and its catabolic fragments as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for disease pathologies.
Magnetic resonance imaging-based scoring of the diseased lung in the preterm infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: UNiforme Scoring of the disEAsed Lung in BPD (UNSEAL BPD)
Authors: Förster Kai , Marchi Hannah , Stöcklein Sophia , Dietrich Olaf , Ehrhardt Harald , Wielpütz Mark O. , Flemmer Andreas W. , Schubert Benjamin , Mall Marcus A. , Ertl-Wagner Birgit , Hilgendorff Anne
Published: November 2022

Neonatal chronic lung disease lacks standardized assessment of lung structural changes. We addressed this clinical need by the development of a novel scoring system [UNSEAL BPD (UNiforme Scoring of the disEAsed Lung in BPD)] using T2-weighted single-shot fast-spin-echo sequences from 3 T MRI in very premature infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Quantification of interstitial and airway remodeling, emphysematous changes, and ventilation inhomogeneity was achieved by consensus scoring on a five-point Likert scale. We successfully identified moderate and severe disease by logistic regression [area under the curve (AUC), 0.89] complemented by classification tree analysis revealing gestational age-specific structural changes. We demonstrated substantial interreader reproducibility (weighted Cohen’s κ 0.69) and disease specificity (AUC = 0.91). Our novel MRI score enables the standardized assessment of disease-characteristic structural changes in the preterm lung exhibiting significant potential as a quantifiable endpoint in early intervention clinical trials and long-term disease monitoring.
G protein-coupled lactate receptor GPR81 control of ventrolateral ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus glucoregulatory neurotransmitter and 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase expression
Authors: Roy Sagor Chandra , Napit Prabhat R. , Pasula MadhuBabu , Bheemanapally Khaggeswar , Briski Karen P.
Published: November 2022

Astrocytes store glycogen as energy and promote neurometabolic stability through supply of oxidizable l-lactate. Whether lactate regulates ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) glucostatic function as a metabolic volume transmitter is unknown. Current research investigated whether G protein-coupled lactate receptor GPR81 controls astrocyte glycogen metabolism and glucose-regulatory neurotransmission in the ventrolateral VMN (VMNvl), where glucose-regulatory neurons reside. Female rats were pretreated by intra-VMN GPR81 or scramble siRNA infusion before insulin or vehicle injection. VMNvl cell or tissue samples were acquired by laser-catapult- or micropunch microdissection for Western blot protein or uHPLC-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric glycogen analyses. Data show that GPR81 regulates eu- and/or hypoglycemic patterns of VMNvl astrocyte glycogen metabolic enzyme and 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) protein expression according to VMNvl segment. GPR81 stimulates baseline rostral and caudal VMNvl glycogen accumulation but mediates glycogen breakdown in the former site during hypoglycemia. During euglycemia, GPR81 suppresses the transmitter marker neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in rostral and caudal VMNvl nitrergic neurons, but stimulates (rostral VMNvl) or inhibits (caudal VMNvl) GABAergic neuron glutamate decarboxylase65/67 (GAD)protein. During hypoglycemia, GPR81 regulates AMPK activation in nitrergic and GABAergic neurons located in the rostral, but not caudal VMNvl. VMN GPR81 knockdown amplified hypoglycemic hypercorticosteronemia, but not hyperglucagonemia. Results provide novel evidence that VMNvl astrocyte and glucose-regulatory neurons express GPR81 protein. Data identify neuroanatomical subpopulations of VMNvl astrocytes and glucose-regulatory neurons that exhibit differential reactivity to GPR81 input. Heterogeneous GPR81 effects during eu- versus hypoglycemia infer that energy state may affect cellular sensitivity to or postreceptor processing of lactate transmitter signaling.
The Application of New Educational Concepts in Digital Educational Media
Authors: Yang Chun
Published: November 2022

With the development and progress of society, great changes have taken place in educational concepts and teaching models compared with the past. Faced with the new educational concept of advocating diversified teaching modes and all-round talent training, the teaching space under the traditional single-fixed teaching mode is insufficient. The field of digital media education is a form of education with the development of information technology. The purpose of this paper is to find out the construction form of teaching space under the new educational concept that adapts to the development of the social era and to respond to the constantly updated and emerging educational concept and teaching mode. The process is as follows: based on the collected education data, mining the specific factors that will affect the application ability of teachers’ digital education resources and building a multiple machine learning regression model using these objective and significant features to predict the score of teachers’ digital education resources application ability. Through the comparison and optimization of model performance, a more suitable prediction method was found. MSE, MAE, RMSE, and MAPE are used as performance evaluation indicators to compare the performance of each model. It is found that there are multilayer linear regression < mild gradient advance < extreme gradient advance < random forest in each indicator. In addition, in the two integration models, bagging idea represented by the random forest is more suitable for this group than two gradient boosting.
Sodium Citrate as an Environmentally Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor of Steel in a Neutral Environment
Authors: Danyliak Mariia Olena , Zin Ivan , Rizun Yuliia , Korniy Sergiy
Published: November 2022

In this work we investigated the inhibiting effect of sodium citrate, an environmentally safe corrosion inhibitor, on low-alloy steel 09G2S in a neutral environment using electrochemical methods. Potentiodynamic studies showed that sodium citrate reduces corrosion currents of 09G2S steel in a 0.1% NaCl solution and reaches its maximum efficiency at a concentration of 2.5 g/l. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results indicate the adsorption of citrate ions and the formation of a protective film, which probably consists of Fe-citrate complexes. The formation of a protective film on the steel surface in sodium citrate-inhibited solutions was confirmed by the results of scanning electron microscopy and EDX analysis. Hence, our research shows that sodium citrate has satisfactory anticorrosion properties and can be used as a basic component during the development of environmentally safe inhibitor compositions for the protection of low-alloyed carbon steels in neutral environments of recirculating water supply systems in petroleum refineries, petrochemical plants, and other industries.
Dynamical Analysis of Secondary Dengue Viral Infection with Multiple Target Cells and Diffusion by Mathematical Model
Authors: Raezah Aeshah A.
Published: November 2022

Dengue is an epidemic disease rapidly spreading throughout many parts of the world, which is a serious public health concern. Understanding disease mechanisms through mathematical modeling is one of the most effective tools for this purpose. The aim of this manuscript is to develop and analyze a dynamical system of PDEs that describes the secondary infection caused by DENV, considering (i) the diffusion due to spatial mobility of cells and DENV particles, (ii) the interactions between multiple target cells, DENV, and antibodies of two types (heterologous and homologous). Global existence, positivity, and boundedness are proved for the system with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions. Three threshold parameters are computed to characterize the existence and stability conditions of the model’s four steady states. Via means of Lyapunov functional, the global stability of all steady states is carried out. Our results show that the uninfected steady state is globally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction number is less than or equal to unity, which leads to the disappearance of the disease from the body. When the basic reproduction number is greater than unity, the disease persists in the body with an active or inactive immune antibody response. To demonstrate such theoretical results, numerical simulations are presented.
Corrosion Behavior of Work Hardened SnPb-Solder Affected Copper in the Bay of Bengal Water Environment
Authors: Rahman M. Muzibur , Ahmed S. Reaz , Kaiser M. Salim
Published: November 2022

Copper and its alloys are extensively used in marine applications due to high corrosion resistant behavior. But the corrosion immunity of copper varies with the environmental factors especially the sea water ingredients. Many researchers investigated corrosion level of copper materials in different oceans/seas. Unfortunately, such study is missing in the Bay of Bengal water. Moreover, inclusion of alloying elements can have influence on the corrosion behavior of copper, especially the addition of SnPb-solder for repair works and environmental effects due to ageing. In fact, the urge of using old copper to manufacture new components for marine applications necessitates the characterization of various properties. In this context, present paper is an attempt to investigate the corrosion behavior of copper and solder affected copper to enhance the reuse potential of SnPb-solder affected old/waste copper in contact of the bay water along with comparison with commercial copper alloys. Here, the result shows that overall leaching is increased for the addition of Sn and/or Pb in Cu over the whole immersion period in the stagnant water of the Bay of Bengal. The highest loss is found to be of Cu-Pb alloy which is followed by SnPb-solder affected copper, then Cu-Sn alloy and the lowest loss is of pure copper. The cold-rolled work-hardening has reduced the corrosion rate for all copper alloys. It also reveals that the solder affected copper is more corrosion resistant than commercial copper alloys such as brass and bronze.
Influence of Traction Motor Components on Thermal Characteristics of Traction Motor Bearings
Authors: Bian Zhihong , Wang Tingting , Song Dongli
Published: November 2022

The operating temperature and thermal stress play key roles in overall performance of a cylindrical roller bearing used in high-speed train traction motor. The cylindrical roller bearing studied in this paper is in the housing of the traction motor. Due to the heating of each component of the traction motor, a thermal environment is formed in the housing that changes the temperature and stress of the traction motor bearing. In this paper, a thermal-mechanical coupled model of bearing considering the stator, rotor, and shaft was established to study the temperature and thermal stress of traction motor bearing. Experiments were conducted on a service high-speed train to validate the proposed bearing thermal analysis model, meanwhile, the temperature of the measurement point was revised by the theory of heat transfer. The revised experiment results show that the established thermal-mechanical coupled model is reasonable and effective. The results show that the heating of the stator and rotor of the traction motor has a great influence on the temperature and stress of the cylindrical roller bearing of the traction motor. When the heating of the stator and rotor is considered, the temperature of inner ring near the traction motor is higher than that of far away from the traction motor, and the overall temperature of each component of the bearing also increases. As for the stress, when the traction motor stator and rotor is considered, the maximum stress increases by 66.9%. Therefore, the heating of the stator of the traction motor must be considered when the thermal characteristics analysis and reliability analysis are carried out on the cylindrical roller bearing.
p16INK4a Plays Critical Role in Exacerbating Inflammaging in High Fat Diet Induced Skin
Authors: Liang Yan , Gu Tianya , Peng Su , Lin Yi , Liu JiaBao , Wang Xiaoyan , Huang Xin , Zhang Xiaodong , Zhu Jun , Zhao Lin , Fan Changyan , Wang Guangyan , Gu Xin , Lin JinDe
Published: November 2022

Background. Long term high fat diets (HFD) promote skin aging pathogenesis, but detailed mechanisms remain unclear especially for inflammaging, which has recently emerged as a pathway correlating aging and age-related disease with inflammation. p16INK4a (hereafter termed p16) inhibits the cell cycle, with p16 deletion significantly inhibiting inflammaging. We observed that HFD-induced p16 overexpression in the skin. Therefore, we investigated if p16 exacerbated inflammaging in HFD-induced skin and also if p16 deletion exerted protective effects against this process. Methods. Eight-week-old double knockout (KO) ApoE-/-p16-/- mice and ApoE-/- littermates were fed HFD for 12 weeks and their skin phenotypes were analyzed. We measured skin fibrosis, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) levels, and integrin-inflammasome pathway activation using histopathological, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), bioinformatics analysis, and molecular techniques. Results. We found that HFD contributed to inflammaging in the skin by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, increasing inflammatory infiltration, and promoting apoptosis by balancing expression between proapoptotic and antiapoptotic molecules. p16 knockout, when compared with the ApoE-/- phenotype, inhibited skin fibrosis by ameliorating inflammatory infiltration and proinflammatory factor expression (Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), and also alleviated inflammaging skin progress induced by HFD in the ApoE-/- mouse model. RNA-seq showed that p16 KO mice inhibited both integrin-inflammasome and NF-κB proinflammatory pathway activation. Conclusions. p16 deletion or p16 positive cell clearance could be a novel strategy preventing long term HFD-induced skin aging.
Comprehensive Analysis of N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) RNA Methylation Regulators and Tumour Microenvironment Cell Infiltration Involving Prognosis and Immunotherapy in Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Liu Duanrui , Yuan Mingjie , Wang Zongming , Sun Liping , Fang Yusong , Ma Xiaoli , Zhang Lulu , Xing Yuanxin , Zhu Jingyu , Liu Yunyun , Zhu Wenshuai , Bao Shuqin , Jia Yanfei , Wang Yunshan
Published: November 2022

Objective. Gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA) is a high deadly and heterogeneous cancer. RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification plays a non-negligible role in shaping individual tumour microenvironment (TME) characterizations. However, the landscape and relationship of m6A modification patterns and TME cell infiltration features remain unknown in GEA. Methods. In this study, we examined the TME of GEA using assessments of the RNA-sequencing data focusing on the distinct m6A modification patterns from the public databases. Intrinsic patterns of m6A modification were evaluated for associations with clinicopathological characteristics, underlying biological pathways, tumour immune cell infiltration, oncological outcomes, and treatment responses. The expression of key m6A regulators and module genes was validated by qRT-PCR analysis. Results. We identified two distinct m6A modification patterns of GEA (cluster 1/2 subgroup), and correlated two subgroups with TME cell-infiltrating characteristics. Cluster 2 subgroup correlates with a poorer prognosis, downregulated PD-1 expression, higher risk scores, and distinct immune cell infiltration. In addition, PPI and WGCNA network analysis were integrated to identify key module genes closely related to immune infiltration of GEA to find immunotherapy markers. COL4A1 and COL5A2 in the brown module were significantly correlated to the prognosis, PD-1/L1 and CTLA-4 expression of GEA patients. Finally, a prognostic risk score was constructed using m6A regulator-associated signatures that represented an independent prognosis factor for GEA. Interestingly, COL5A2 expression was linked to the response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, m6A regulator expression, and risk score. Conclusion. Our work identified m6A RNA methylation regulators as an important class of players in the malignant progression of GEA and were associated with the complexity of the TME. COL5A2 may be the potential biomarker which contributes to predicting the response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and patients’ prognosis.
LncRNA HOXA-AS2 Promotes Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma by Regulated miR-302a-3p/IGF1 Axis
Authors: Lin Ligang , Lin Da , Jin Lingjiang , Wang Junyou , Lin Zheng , Zhang Shuai , Lin Gaojun
Published: November 2022

Background. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly prevalent brain tumor characterized by high rates of morbidity, recurrence, and mortality. While temozolomide (TMZ) is commonly used as a first-line treatment for this cancer, the emergence of TMZ resistance limits its utility. The long noncoding RNA HOXA-AS2 reportedly drives GBM progression, but whether it can influence therapeutic resistance to TMZ has yet to be established. Methods. HOXA-AS2 expression was analyzed in TMZ-resistant and sensitive GBM tissue samples and cell lines by qPCR. A siRNA-based approach was used to knock down HOXA-AS2 in GBM cells, after which TMZ resistance was tested. Bioinformatics approaches were used to predict miRNA binding targets of HOXA-AS2, after which a series of luciferase reporter assay and rescue experiments with appropriate miRNA inhibitor/mimic constructs were performed to validate these predictions and to clarify the ability of HOXA-AS2 to regulate chemoresistant activity. Results. TMZ-resistant GBM patients and cell lines exhibited increased HOXA-AS2 expression that was correlated with worse overall survival. Knocking down HOXA-AS2 increased the sensitivity of resistant GBM cells to TMZ. miR-302a-3p was identified as a HOXA-AS2 target confirmed through luciferase reporter assays and rescue experiments, and IGF1 was further identified as a confirmed miR-302a-3p target. In addition, HOXA-AS2 knockdown resulted in a corresponding drop in IGF1 expression consistent with indirect regulation mediated by miR-302a-3p. Conclusion. In summary, these results highlight the role of HOXA-AS2 as a driver of TMZ resistance in GBM through its ability to regulate the miR-302a-3p/IGF1 signaling axis, highlighting this pathway as a promising target for the diagnosis, therapeutic sensitization, and/or treatment of affected patients.
Crude Oil Spot Price Forecasting Using Ivanov‐Based LASSO Vector Autoregression
Authors: Ding Yishan , He Dongwei , Wu Jun , Xu Xiang
Published: November 2022

This paper proposes a forecasting methodology that investigates a set of different sparse structures for the vector autoregression (VAR) model using the Ivanov‐based least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) framework. The variant auxiliary problem principle method is used to solve the various Ivanov‐based LASSO‐VAR variants, which is supported by parallel computing with simple closed‐form iteration and linear convergence rate. A test case with ten crude oil spot prices is used to demonstrate the improvement in forecasting skills gained from exploring sparse structures. The proposed method outperformed the conventional vector autoregressive model.
Mining Stress Distribution in Stope and Overlying Rock Fracture Characteristics and Its Disaster-Pregnant Mechanism of Coal Mine Earthquake
Authors: Lyu Pengfei , Lu Kangbin , Chen Xuehua
Published: November 2022

The corresponding engineering effects are inevitable and occurred when the coal mines working face mining. The main manifestations are distribution of mining stress and fracture of overlying rock seams. The mining effects play a controlling role in the occurrence of dynamic disasters such as disastrous coal mine earthquakes and rock bursts. In view of this, taking No. 1305 working face mining of Dongtan coal mine for background, the distribution and transfer characteristics of mining stress in working face and fracture characteristics of roof rock formation were studied by theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and microseismic monitoring. The change mechanism of stress, strain, strain rate, and energy of rock mass in the process of coal mine earthquake gestation was expounded by the Burgers mechanical model. The results show that the microseismic hypocenters are mainly concentrated near the increasing pressure zone and the fractured zone. The hypocenter first gathered at the main roof, and then, it gradually developed upward and returns to the main roof after mining. The distribution of microseismic frequency and advanced support pressure is basically consistent. The microseismic energy peak value area with respect to the support pressure peak value area often presented a certain lag. The relationship of empirical formula is inferred as

Y

E

=

M

E

+
∆
d

. The overlaying rock caving zone and fractured zone with height of 37.8 m and 95 m, respectively, were revealed by microseismic monitoring. It is 8.4% larger than the numerical result. It shows that the prediction results of overlying rock fracture height based on the distribution of large energy hypocenter points is well applied in the field, and the operations are simple and intuitive.
Analysis of the Government and Capital Market’s Response to Normalized Epidemic Prevention and Control Based on the Development of Smart Health Care
Authors: Wang Xinzhi , Wang Xiaoqi , Li Jian , Song Rui
Published: November 2022

With the continuous prominence of medical problems, the construction of a smart medical system has received more and more attention. With coronavirus disease 2019 in a state of regular prevention and control, the epidemic prevention and control in China had produced favorable effects. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of the emergency governance mechanism in China was crucial to epidemic prevention and control worldwide. This paper empirically analyzed the effects of epidemic prevention and control based on the dual perspective of epidemic governance and capital market, taking the daily outbreak data at the provincial level in China as the sample. The findings were as follows: (1) The accumulation of epidemic medical treatment experience in each province and city produced a positive emergency effect on preventing and controlling the dissemination of epidemic. The effective medical security mechanism was one of the most important mechanisms for the significant emergency effect, with the effective material security as a critical supplement. (2) Companies and corporations with stronger capabilities for emergency medical treatment received more positive responses from the capital market comparatively. Aiming at diversifying directions and measurements for the improvement of emergency governance, this paper provided theoretical bases for improving the emergency governance system against major public health emergencies by using the Chinese characteristics.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Ovarian Cancer: Are There Racial Disparities in Use and Survival?
Authors: Amin Saber A. , Collin Lindsay J. , Setoguchi Soko , Satagopan Jaya M. , Buckley de Meritens Alexandre , Bandera Elisa V.
Published: November 2022

Background:

We investigated racial and ethnic disparities in treatment sequence [i.e., neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) plus interval debulking surgery (IDS) versus primary debulking surgery (PDS) plus adjuvant chemotherapy] among patients with ovarian cancer and its contribution to disparities in mortality.

Methods:

Study included 37,566 women ages ≥18 years, diagnosed with stage III/IV ovarian cancer from the National Cancer Database (2004–2017). Logistic regression was used to compute ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for racial and ethnic disparities in treatment sequence. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate HRs and 95% CI for racial and ethnic disparities in all-cause mortality.

Results:

Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and Asian women were more likely to receive NACT plus IDS relative to PDS plus adjuvant chemotherapy than non-Hispanic White (NHW) women (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.02–1.22 and OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.99–1.28, respectively). Compared with NHW women, NHB women had increased hazard of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.09–1.20), whereas Asian and Hispanic women had a lower hazard of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.74–0.88 and HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.77–0.88, respectively), which did not change after accounting for treatment sequence.

Conclusions:

NHB women were more likely to receive NACT plus IDS and experience a higher all-cause mortality rates than NHW women.

Impact:

Differences in treatment sequence did not explain racial disparities in all-cause mortality. Further evaluation of racial and ethnic differences in treatment and survival in a cohort of patients with detailed treatment information is warranted.
Significant Differences in IBD Care and Education across Europe: Results of the Pan-European VIPER Survey
Authors: Kral Jan , Nakov Radislav , Lanska Vera , Barberio Brigida , Benech Nicolas , Blesl Andreas , Brunet Eduard , Capela Tiago , Derikx Lauranne , Dragoni Gabriele , Eek Aileen , Frias-Gomes Catarina , Gîlcă-Blanariu Georgiana-Emmanuela , Gilroy Leah , Harvey Philip , Kagramanova Anna , Kani Haluk Tarik , Konikoff Tom , Lessing Matthias , Madsen Gorm , Maksimaityte Vaidota , Miasnikova Maria , Mikolasevic Ivana , Milivojevic Vladimir , Noviello Daniele , Oliinyk Dmytro , Patai Arpad , Pisani Anthea , Protopapas Adonis , Rodríguez-Lago Iago , Schreiner Philipp , Skuja Vita , Tran Florian , Truyens Marie , Włodarczyk Marcin , Zatorski Hubert , Verstockt Bram , Segal Jonathan Philip
Published: November 2022

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) care and education might differ around Europe. Therefore, we conducted this European Variation In IBD PracticE suRvey (VIPER) to investigate potential differences between countries. Methods: This trainee-initiated survey, run through SurveyMonkey®, consisted of 47 questions inquiring basic demographics, IBD training, and clinical care. Results were compared according to gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, for which countries were divided into 2 groups (low/high income, according to the World Bank). Results: The online survey was completed by 1,285 participants from 40 European countries, with a majority of specialists (65.3%) working in academic institutions (50.4%). Significant differences in IBD-specific training (55.9% vs. 38.4%), as well as availability of IBD units (58.4% vs. 39.7%) and multidisciplinary meetings (73.2% vs. 40.1%), were observed between respondees from high and low GDP countries (p < 0.0001). In high GDP countries, IBD nurses are more common (85.9% vs. 36.0%), also mirrored by more nurse-led IBD clinics (40.6% vs. 13.7%; p < 0.0001). IBD dieticians (33.4% vs. 16.5%) and psychologists (16.8% vs. 7.5%) are mainly present in high GDP countries (p < 0.0001). In the current COVID era, telemedicine is available in 73.2% versus 54.1% of the high/low GDP countries, respectively (p < 0.0001). Treat-to-target approaches are implemented everywhere (85.0%), though access to biologicals and small molecules differs significantly. Conclusion: Much variability in IBD practice exists across Europe, with marked differences between high and low GDP countries. Further work is required to help address some of these inequalities, aiming to improve and standardize IBD care and training across Europe.
Inter-relação entre direito e alimentação: percepções de consumidores sobre seus direitos
Authors: Carvalho Cecilia Maria Resende Gonçalves , Silva Danley Dênis da , Campelo Marco Aurélio Araújo , Teles José Guilherme Campos , Melo Martha Teresa Siqueira Marques
Published: November 2022

A concretização do direito à alimentação saudável implica a necessidade de pesquisas acerca de mecanismos que favoreçam a construção de uma cultura apta a reforçar a adoção de atitudes positivas em prol dessa conquista. A presente pesquisa analisou o conhecimento acerca de direitos fundamentais/consumeristas, identificando aspectos relacionados às práticas alimentares cotidianas do consumidor de alimentos em restaurantes de um mercado público. Tratou-se de pesquisa qualitativa, com notas de observação em diário de campo e roteiro de entrevista. Na análise das narrativas, foi produzido o mapa analítico que entrelaçou as falas dos participantes com as categorias mais relevantes: direitos e alimentação; disponibilidade de informações; exigência de informações pelo consumidor; desistência do consumo devido às condições do local. Observou-se que os entrevistados apresentaram desconhecimento sobre os direitos relacionados à alimentação. Tempo, preço, sabor, praticidade e higiene foram valores destacados nas narrativas, porém, não se mostrou compromisso em publicizar dados importantes sobre produtos e serviços oferecidos nos restaurantes. A compreensão dos resultados aponta a necessidade de uma educação em direito à segurança alimentar e nutricional na cadeia de produção e comercialização de alimentos, uma vez que a alimentação precisa ser pensada de modo multidimensional.
Nuclear Receptor NR1D1 Regulates Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Development by Targeting the Mitochondrial Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Enzyme Aconitase-2
Authors: Sun Ling-Yue , Lyu Yu-Yan , Zhang Heng-Yuan , Shen Zhi , Lin Guan-Qiao , Geng Na , Wang Yu-Li , Huang Lin , Feng Ze-Hao , Guo Xiao , Lin Nan , Ding Song , Yuan An-Cai , Zhang Lan , Qian Kun , Pu Jun
Published: November 2022

Background:

Metabolic disorder increases the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). NRs (nuclear receptors) have been increasingly recognized as important regulators of cell metabolism. However, the role of NRs in AAA development remains largely unknown.

Methods:

We analyzed the expression profile of the NR superfamily in AAA tissues and identified NR1D1 (NR subfamily 1 group D member 1) as the most highly upregulated NR in AAA tissues. To examine the role of NR1D1 in AAA formation, we used vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)–specific, endothelial cell–specific, and myeloid cell–specific conditional
Nr1d1
knockout mice in both AngII (angiotensin II)– and CaPO
4
-induced AAA models.

Results:

Nr1d1
gene expression exhibited the highest fold change among all 49 NRs in AAA tissues, and NR1D1 protein was upregulated in both human and murine VSMCs from AAA tissues. The knockout of
Nr1d1
in VSMCs but not endothelial cells and myeloid cells inhibited AAA formation in both AngII- and CaPO
4
-induced AAA models. Mechanistic studies identified ACO2 (aconitase-2), a key enzyme of the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle, as a direct target trans-repressed by NR1D1 that mediated the regulatory effects of NR1D1 on mitochondrial metabolism. NR1D1 deficiency restored the ACO2 dysregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction at the early stage of AngII infusion before AAA formation. Supplementation with αKG (α-ketoglutarate, a downstream metabolite of ACO2) was beneficial in preventing and treating AAA in mice in a manner that required NR1D1 in VSMCs.

Conclusions:

Our data define a previously unrecognized role of nuclear receptor NR1D1 in AAA pathogenesis and an undescribed NR1D1-ACO2 axis involved in regulating mitochondrial metabolism in VSMCs. It is important that our findings suggest αKG supplementation as an effective therapeutic approach for AAA treatment.
TÜRKİYE VE BRICS BORSALARI ARASINDAKİ UZUN ve KISA DÖNEMLİ İLİŞKİLERİN PANDEMİ DÖNEMİ VE ÖNCESİNDE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ
Authors: KAYA Murat
Published: November 2022

Bu çalışma Covid-19 pandemisi öncesinde ve pandemi döneminde BİST-100, BİST-50 ve BİST-30 endeksleri arasındaki uzun ve kısa dönemli ilişkilerin belirlenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada endeksler arasındaki uzun döneme dair ilişkinin analizi için Johansen Eşbütünleşme Testi, kısa vadeli ilişkilerin belirlenmesi için ise Vektör Hata Düzeltme Modeli (VECM) kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca Granger Nedensellik Testi ile değişkenler arası nedensellik ilişkileri analiz edilmiştir. Eşbütünleşme testi bulgularına göre; hem pandemi öncesinde hem de pandemi döneminde BİST-100, BİST-50 ve BİST-30 arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi belirlenmiştir. Vektör Hata Düzeltme Modeli bulgularına göre; pandemi öncesi dönemde analize dahil edilen endekslerden birinde ortaya çıkan ortalamadan sapmaların diğerleri tarafından düzeltilemediği sonucuna ulaşılırken, pandemi döneminde ise BİST-100 ve BİST-50 endekslerinde meydana gelen ortalamadan sapmaların analize dahil edilen diğer endeksler tarafından düzeltilerek uzun vadede tekrar dengeye geldiği tespit edilmiştir. Granger Nedensellik Testinden elde edilen bulgulara göre ise, pandemi öncesi dönemde BİST endeksleri arasında nedensellik ilişkisi bulunamazken, pandemi döneminde ise endeksler arasında nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.
Difference and Novelty: An Exploration of the Taiwan Studies Programme at the University of Nottingham
Authors: Lee Chun-Yi , Wysoczanska Karolina
Published: November 2022

This report introduces the Taiwan Studies Programme (tsp) at the University of Nottingham and its development in different stages and fields. It also delineates the tsp’s pathways to connect with the academic circle and the general public. Through its online magazine and platform, Taiwan Insight, it has established an online community that has been growing since 2017. The Covid-19 pandemic has helped further expanded tsp’s reach and engagement with its audience through online seminars and workshops. The last part of the report indicates future tasks for the tsp.
Cladistic analysis reveals polyphyly of Tomarus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae): new classification and taxonomic revision
Authors: LÓPEZ-GARCÍA MARGARITA M. , DELOYA CUAUHTÉMOC
Published: November 2022

The phylogeny of Tomarus Erichson, 1847 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) was explored by parsimony using morphological characters to approach its taxonomic and nomenclature problems. The genus was not supported as a monophyletic group, and the recovered lineages did not match at all any of the previously known classifications. Three different lineages and six monophyletic groups were recovered, which could be treated as independent genera. However, the classification proposed here is as conservative as possible concerning to the creation of many new names and generic taxa. Thus, four genera are now recognized: Euligyrus Casey, 1915 new status (2 species), Ligyrus Burmeister, 1847 revised status (18 species, including Oxygrylius Casey, 1915 new synonymy), Proculigyrus new genus (1 species), and Tomarus Erichson, 1847 revised status (18 species). Three subgenera are recognized for the genus Ligyrus: Anagrylius Casey, 1915 revised status (2 species), Ligyrodes Casey, 1915 revised status (3 species), and Ligyrus revised status (13 species). A complete taxonomic treatment is presented for each genus, including descriptions, keys, and occurrence maps. A revised status is presented for the following species: Ligyrus (Ligyrus) nasutus (Burmeister, 1847), T. amazonicus (Arrow, 1914), and T. gyas Erichson, 1848. Lectotypes are designated for Bothynus neglectus LeConte, 1847, L. amazonicus Arrow, 1914, L. bryanti Rivers, 1891, Scarabeus fossor Latreille, 1813, S. relictus Say, 1825 T. gyas, T. maimon Erichson, 1847, and some synonyms of L. sallaei Bates, 1888 (Ligyrodes propinquus Casey, 1915 and Ligyrodes aztecus Casey, 1915), S. gibbosus DeGeer, 1774 (Bothynus morio LeConte, 1847, L. californicus Casey, 1909, and L. spissipes Casey, 1909), S. relictus (Ligyrodes parviceps Casey, 1915 and Ligyrodes quadripennis Casey, 1915), and S. bituberculatus Palisot de Beauvois, 1811 (Ligyrus maximus Arrow, 1913 and Ligyrus latus Arrow, 1914). Ligyrus patagonus Steinheil, 1874 is a new synonym for L. rubripes Boheman, 1858. Type species are designated for the synonyms Grylius Casey, 1915 and Ligyrellus Casey, 1915. New combinations (new combination) are presented for: Euligyrus ebenus (De Geer, 1774), E. similis (Endrödi, 1968), Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni (López-García & Deloya, 2019), L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis (López-García & Deloya, 2019), L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis (Casey, 1915), L. (Ligyrus) spinipenis (Neita & Ratcliffe 2017), and Tomarus amazonicus. Ligyrus (Ligyrus) allonasutus new species is described to include populations of T. nasutus from western Mexico to Panama. Phylogenetic and taxonomic value of mouthparts, elytro-tergal stridulatory apparatus, and male genitalia is discussed along with a description of the biogeographic patterns of distribution for each genus.
Characteristics of Calcareous Films Formed by Using Pulse Electrodeposition Method in Natural Seawater
Authors: Kim Kyung-Pil , Lee Myeong-Hoon , Lee Seung-Hyo
Published: November 2022

Due to the characteristics of seawater as the most environmentally corrosive electrolyte solution, using the cathodic protection method while taking it into consideration widely prevails in offshore and underwater structures. Cathodic protection is type of method polarizing the surface
of the corrosive metal to reduce the corrosion rate. When this principle is applied, the ionic component that is dissolved in seawater can be deposited partially when Mg(OH)2 and CaCO3 compound to coat an electrodeposited film on the metal surface. These electrodeposition
films are called as ‘calcareous deposits,’ which act as a physical barrier and they function to reduce the density of the cathodic protection current, which eventually leads to an anti-corrosion effect. However, these films, on the other hand, are influenced to large extent by
the condition of surrounding environment when formed as well as the condition of deposits components, which are neither dense nor uniform. In this study, the pulse electro-deposition method was applied to make calcareous deposits film in natural seawater. The components and structures are,
then, analyzed by using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The amounts of the formed film, adhesion, and corrosion resistance were evaluated individually to prove its effectiveness. This study validated the effectiveness
of the pulse electrodeposition method and considered the formation mechanism of the calcareous deposits film through analysis and evaluation results. In addition, this study also confirmed the potential for improving the performance of existing calcareous films that showed weak durability
by controlling the pulse current.
Etch Characteristics of Low-K Materials Using CF3I/C4F8/Ar/O2 Inductively Coupled Plasmas
Authors: Hong Jong Woo , Tak Hyun Woo , Choi Young Hun , Kim Hee Jung , Kim Dong Woo , Yeom Geun Young
Published: November 2022

In this study, pulsed CF3I/C4F8/Ar/O2 inductively coupled plasmas have been studied for low-k etching, and the effects of CF3I addition to C4F8/Ar/O2 on the plasma characteristics and etch characteristics
of low-k materials were investigated. The increased ratio of CF3I/(CF3I+C4F8) in the gas mixture increased CF3 radicals while decreasing CF2 radicals in the plasma, and which are related to the etching and polymerization, respectively.
Therefore, the etch rates of SiCOH increased with increasing the CF3I ratio. However, the etch selectivity over an amorphous carbon layer and photoresist was the highest at the ratio of 0.5 because the CF2/F flux ratio from the plasma and the C/F ratio on the polymer
layer were the highest at the CF3I ratio of 0.5. The SiCOH damage was decreased with increasing CF3I ratio and the SiCOH damage appeared to be very low, particularly when the CF3I ratio was ≥0.5 by showing low Si–CH3 bond loss, low F penetration,
and a low surface roughness. Therefore, it is believed that, as opposed to the C4F8/Ar/O2 gas mixture only, mixing 50% CF3I into the C4F8/Ar/O2 gas mixtures resulted in not only a high etch selectivity over mask materials,
but also a potentially reduced etch damage.
Synthesis of g-C3N4/TiO2/RGO Ternary Composites and Performance for Catalytic Fructose Dehydration to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Liu Si-le , Bu Yi-fu , Tian Chuan , Wu Jing
Published: November 2022

A novel ternary composites of g-C3N4/TiO2/RGO were revealed by hydrothermal route and applied for the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural via dehydration of fructose. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction,
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Brunner Emmett teller were used to characterize the morphology crystal form, groups and specific surface areas of g-C3N4/TiO2/RGO ternary composites. The key factors of reaction time, reaction temperature, solvents
and catalyst mass ratios for fructose conversion and selectivity and productivity of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural were systematically screened, so were the catalyst’s stability. Experimental results indicated that the g-C3N4/TiO2/RGO ternary composites has
good catalytic activity and stability with its’ complex three-dimensional network structures, affording the specific surface area up to 31.4782 m2/g. An excellent fructose conversion of 98.5% was achieved with optimal reaction condition of the fructose mass 0.5 g, dimethyl
sulfoxide 15 mL, g-C3N4/TiO2/RGO dosage 1.0 g, reaction time 3 h and reaction temperature 150 °C, furnishing a good yield and selectivity of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural of 69.7% and 70.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the yield of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural can
still reached 58.8% after five cycles of reusage of the catalyst.
A Radio Drama’s Effects on Attitudes Toward Early and Forced Marriage: Results From a Field Experiment in Rural Tanzania
Authors: Green Donald P. , Groves Dylan W. , Manda Constantine , Montano Beatrice , Rahmani Bardia
Published: November 2022

Early and forced marriage (EFM) is an increasing focus of international organizations and local non-government organizations. This study assesses the extent to which attitudes and norms related to EFM can be changed by locally tailored media campaigns. A two-hour radio drama set in rural Tanzania was presented to Tanzanian villagers as part of a placebo-controlled experiment randomized at the village level. A random sample of 1200 villagers was interviewed at baseline and invited to a presentation of the radio drama, 83% of whom attended. 95% of baseline respondents were re-interviewed two weeks later, and 97% 15 months after that. The radio drama produced sizable and statistically significant effects on attitudes and perceived norms concerning forced marriage, which was the focus of the radio drama, as well as more general attitudes about gender equality. Fifteen months later, treatment effects diminished, but we continue to see evidence of EFM-related attitude change.
Screen Time and Mental Health in Canadian Youth: An Examination of Nationally Representative Data
Authors: Atwal Simrat , Browne Dillon
Published: November 2022

As screens have become ubiquitous in modern-day society, investigating the effects of high screen time on mental health is highly warranted. In the past decade, many studies have determined that higher levels of screen time engagement are associated with adverse mental health outcomes like anxiety and depression. However, the nature of the relationship between screen time and mental health requires further investigation to gain a better understanding of its mechanisms and properties. The purpose of this study is to utilize a nationally representative data set to (1) examine how factors like sex, age, and socioeconomic status moderate the relationship between screen time and mental health in Canadian youth and (2) determine whether this relationship supports the Goldilocks hypothesis or an exposure-response curve. It was hypothesized that (1) young, female, lower socioeconomic status individuals will be more strongly associated with poor mental health, and that (2) mental health will peak at low screen time usage, therefore, supporting an exposure-response curve. A series of moderation analyses concluded that young, male, lower socioeconomic status individuals strongly moderated the relationship between screen time and poor mental health compared to their counterparts. Furthermore, three out of the four mental health (presence of mood disorder, presence of anxiety disorder, and depression severity) measures peaked at an average of 12 hours and 19 minutes of screen time per week, hence, supporting the exposure-response curve.
Stay out of the Sun: Exploring African American College Women’s Thoughts on the Dynamics Between Colorism and Sun-related Behavior
Authors: Chen Hsin-Yu , Jablonski Nina G.
Published: November 2022

Colorism—systematic intragroup discrimination based on skin color—uniquely affects African American women. Using a sequential mixed methods design, this study explored perceptions of colorism and sun-related behavior among African American women in college. Study 1, which included 14 in-depth interviews, revealed perceptions that lighter skin is mostly preferred among African American women and that this preference can influence sun-related behavior. Study 2 featured a self-administered questionnaire ( n = 187) based on interview commentary. Findings indicated an internalized status quo: Participants deemed colorism prevalent among African Americans and believed that preferences for lighter skin influenced daily life, including sun avoidance. Personal skin color preferences were less clear than participants’ perceptions of others’ preferences. Results pinpointed a possible connection between colorism and sun-related behavior, unveiling interrelationships among internalized beliefs, subjective norms, and behavior. Understanding colorism’s entrenched role and the social context of sun-related decisions extends colorism research from the psychosocial realm to the behavioral. Implications can increase practitioners’ awareness of colorism, enabling interventions to promote appropriate health education and wellbeing among African American women.