bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SIMULATION OF THE SOIL PROCESSING UNIT WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE SELECTION OF WORKING BODIES
Authors: Gunko Iryna , Hrybyk Roman
Published: January 2023

Analysis of research and development of pre-sowing machines and units shows that there are many trailed, semi-trailer combined units with different design and technical characteristics. In general, the significant disadvantages of these aggregates are the insufficient quality flatness of the microreliefs and the fragmentation of the soil. Compared to the basic complex with the use of a machine, the use of the proposed unit contributes to: a decrease in the density of the soil at the level of 0...20 cm by 15.6...17.1%, an increase in porosity by 34.7...37.9%, which will have agrotechnical significance. The content of the soil aggregate increased by 19.7...33.3%, the sawdust fraction decreased by 1.8...5.9 times. It was determined that the unit should move at a speed of 9...10 km/h.
The object of the study is the modeling of the selection of working bodies of the combined tillage unit. The principle of alternation of tools, which are carried out by the tillage machine used in performing the necessary operations, is the basis of the technology of combined tillage. The choice, alternation of methods of soil treatment and adjustment modes depends on the conditions and characteristics of the field. In order for soil tillage machines used for combined tillage to meet the criteria for their efficiency with predetermined quality to perform soil tillage operations, it is necessary to provide optimal modes of adjustment of working bodies.
In this regard, it is necessary to develop mounted combined tillage units, which are characterized by simple design and low cost and are able to perform many technically interconnected operations at the same time: high-quality leveling of the microrelief and grinding of the soil to remove plant residues, in a word, to ensure timely and high-quality preparation of the soil for sowing, while reducing energy consumption.
INFLUENCE OF LIQUID SUPPLY WORKING PRESSURE ON POTATO PROCESSING AREA
Authors: Iryna Gunko Iryna Gunko , Andriy Myzyuk Andriy Myzyuk
Published: January 2023

The doctrine of food security lists critical products for Ukraine and the minimum level of their own production. Potatoes are among these products. Despite the fact that the country's needs are almost completely covered by potatoes produced on the territory of our state, in recent years more and more attention has been paid to increasing the yield of the crop. Pre-sowing treatment helps to increase the yield of crops. The main method of pre-sowing preparation of potatoes is to treat the planting material with drugs to protect against pests and diseases.
The main method of pre-sowing seed preparation is poisoning with chemical preparations against pests and diseases. It is widely used in intensive agricultural technology and allows to reduce potential crop losses by 50-55%. The applied technical means, which ensure uniform and complete coverage of the surface of the seed material, have distributors that create drops of different diameters. In the best case, it is possible to control the average particle size, and large weight fractions of different particle sizes reduce the processing efficiency and negatively affect the uniformity of the coating. In this regard, one of the main tasks of the used technical means is to obtain drops of the same (monodisperse) size. Moreover, their size should be within 20 - 50 μm.. It is quite time-consuming to select the correct parameters of a technical device to achieve these aerosol sizes experimentally, therefore it is necessary to develop mathematical models of seed processing with different types of sprayers, which will tell in which direction scientific developments should be conducted .\
For the model of the technological process of processing, the design and technological parameters and operating modes of the spraying system can be used as initial conditions, and the parameters of the distribution system of aerosol droplets, seed material and drug as boundary conditions (the speed of the air flow created by the fan, the amount of working fluid that provided, design parameters of the processing chamber).
THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE MILLING ORGAN ON THE REDUCTION OF CORN PLANT RESIDUES
Authors: Korchak Mykola , Hrushetskyi Sergii , Tokarchuk Oleksii , Babyn Ihor
Published: January 2023

Theoretical studies of the milling tillage working body, in particular, dynamic properties under conditions of periodic external load, are substantiated and the main technological parameters are substantiated, and energy performance indicators are analyzed.
The following data were adopted as the initial data for theoretical studies of the milling working body: the size of the row-spacing and strips, the dimensional characteristics of the root and stem residues.
Theoretical studies of the milling machine gave such justified results: the diameter of the milling drum Dfr.bar = 0.3 m, the rotation frequency of the milling drum nfr.bar = 190 ... 430 hv-1, the number of installed knives on one disk n = 4 pcs, the rotating speed Vob = 6.59 m/s.
Rational parameters and operating modes are justified: milling power Nfr = 19.3 kW, torque on the milling drum shaft Mkr = 0.45 kN·m.
Theoretically substantiated milling working body is implemented in the development of a combined grinder of plant residues of thick-stem crops.
The investigated working body, which performs the technological process of grinding compacted plant residues of thick-stemmed crops with the proposed technology, will allow us to further substantiate in more detail the mathematical model of the combined method of processing the field clogged with plant residues and determine the structural and technological structure of the grinder.
The further development of the theoretical foundations of grinding plant residues and soil, in particular milling working bodies used in combined units, has been obtained.
ADAPTIVE INFLUENCE OF PRESSURE CHANGE OF THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM OF THE HYDRAULIC DRIVE
Authors: Kravets Svetlana
Published: January 2023

The efficiency of hydrogenated machines of various technological purposes depends to a large extent on the temperature of the environment. Temperature is the main factor in the efficiency of the hydraulic drive, which changes the physical properties of the working fluid: viscosity, moisture content, gases and mechanical impurities, which determine its modulus of elasticity. Efficiency is significantly reduced both at low temperatures and at high temperatures. The high-temperature mode of the hydraulic drive reduces the technical and operational performance of hydraulic machines (construction and road, mountain, agricultural and other self-propelled machines). High temperature is one of the most important factors that intensively affect the aging of the working fluid. An increase in the temperature of the lubricant above 70° C leads to a decrease in the lubricating capacity and premature wear of the equipment, an increase in the leakage of the lubricant, a decrease in its viscosity, thermal destruction with the formation of tarry deposits on the internal surfaces of the hydraulic equipment. Intensive wear is observed due to a decrease in the lubricating capacity of the friction surfaces, a decrease volumetric efficiency of hydraulic machines, changes in the linear dimensions of heated elements, as a result, the accuracy of technological operations deteriorates and the resource of hydraulic equipment is significantly reduced. All this leads to a decrease in the parameters of productivity and reliability of machines. Hydrogenated machines operated at elevated temperatures require a number of measures to increase heat transfer and stabilize the temperature regime. This article examines the issue of determining the given modulus of elasticity of the hydraulic system of a volumetric hydraulic drive using the example of the experimental model of the TT4M-23L tracked crawler tractor and the relationship of the given modulus with pressure and temperature. An equation is calculated that allows establishing the relationship between pressure and the given modulus of elasticity of the hydraulic system.
BASIC CONSTRUCTIONS OF SECTIONS FOR FERTILIZER APPLICATION IN SECTION OF STRIP-TILL TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Shargorodskiy Serhiy , Halanskyi Vadym
Published: January 2023

Strip-till technology was formed in the USA on a short corn-soybean crop rotation. Both crops are harvested in September-October and thereby exclude the appearance of post-harvest weeds. In addition, both crops are grown on wide-row crops, and this prompted the emergence of strip cultivation technology.
Strip-till technology is an alternative tillage option between traditional plowing and direct seeding. When applying this technology, the soil is deeply loosened only within the row, the rest of the field remains untreated.
Structurally, each section for strip soil cultivation consists of such working bodies as a frame, a front slotted disk that cuts the soil surface and plant remains, and also withstands the depth of cultivation. Cutting discs on one rack clear the row of plant remains and lightly mulch the soil surface. The section rack performs tillage to a depth of up to 30 cm, and if additional equipment is available, it can provide fertilizers, including at two different depth values, and the rear roller compacts and grinds the soil surface. The use of this technology makes it possible to reduce the number of operations in one pass of the unit. Also, the above-mentioned tillage technology can solve such problems as high weediness, low fertility of soils with insufficient content of organic substances, the presence of a short growing season, and can also be used in arid regions and soils prone to wind erosion.
The disadvantage of this technology is the need to apply a continuous action herbicide. But these economic costs of weed control are not significant in the total cost of tillage. It should be noted that herbicides are also applied according to traditional technology.
WAYS OF IMPROVING THE VERTICAL LAYER APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING LIQUID PIG MANURE
Authors: Yaropud Vitalii , Mazur Igor
Published: January 2023

Technologies for processing (manure processing) manure depend on the system and method of keeping animals. This is due to the physical properties of the obtained manure, primarily its moisture content. By using litter, solid (litter) manure is obtained, which has a moisture content of 60...80%. If litter is not used when keeping pigs, then manure without litter is obtained, which is divided into two groups by moisture content: solid (60-80%) and liquid (82-98%).
Vortex layer devices are equipped with different types of working bodies and layout of the working area. When carrying out liquid-phase processes, using ferromagnetic elements as a working body, trap screens or labyrinths designed to keep ferromagnetic particles in the working area can be installed on the ends of the non-magnetic insert (or only at the outlet). Grinding and mixing can occur not only with the help of ferromagnetic particles, but also with the help of knives, tubes or a rotor. In these cases, the sieves act as filters (separators). Ferromagnetic elements are added to the working area using an electromagnetic dispenser.
Analyzing the results of previous scientific studies, it can be stated that increasing the efficiency of the vortex layer devices is proposed due to the improvement of the design or the substantiation of the structural and technological parameters of individual systems, without taking into account their interconnection. It should be noted that most of the obtained results from the substantiation of structural and technological parameters are experimental and do not have a theoretical justification.
In order to solve the problems, the structural and technological scheme of the vortex layer apparatus for liquid manure processing, which allows to obtain liquid organic fertilizers of high quality with increased productivity and level of automation, is substantiated.
JOB SATISFACTION AMONG SPECIALIST IN MINISTRY OF HEALTH MALAYSIA AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS
Authors: Daud Faiz , Abd Ghani Nur Farah , Abu Zahid Syahidatun Najwa
Published: January 2023

The increasing trend of resignation among specialist from the Ministry of Health (MOH) is mostly associated with job dissatisfaction. This phenomenon is not just commonly seen on Malaysia but also in all over the world. The main purpose of this study is to determine the factors that affect job satisfaction and also to understand the level of job satisfaction among specialists in the MOH.  A mixed-method approach applied in this cross-sectional study among 316 specialists. Google Form contains quantitative questionnaires using a validated Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) and qualitative open-ended question were distributed to respondents via email. The data was analysed using descriptive, bivariate, and thematic analysis. Respondents who are from Malay ethnicity and those who graduated from the local universities were found to be more satisfied in terms of pay, contingent rewards, fringe benefits, promotion, co-workers and communication. The policy makers may improve in terms of the non-monetary incentives and benefits in the near future.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE UPTAKE OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) TESTING AND STIGMA AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN THE KLANG VALLEY
Authors: Noordin Nurjuliana , Yasin Siti Munira , Ismail Nurhuda , Mat Nasir Nafiza
Published: January 2023

The prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is on the rise among adolescents and young people and these people are frequently subjected to significant levels of stigma, resulting in most of them avoiding HIV testing services. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of HIV testing uptake and its associated factors among students who were willing to undergo HIV testing. A cross-sectional study across five campuses within the Klang Valley was conducted between March to May 2020. Data were collected using an online self-administered questionnaire and the HIV Stigma Scale (HSS) was used to assess perceived stigma towards people with HIV. The results were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and the prevalence of HIV testing uptake and its associated factors were assessed using multiple logistic regression. A total of 305 students showed a willingness to undergo HIV testing, with only 17% (95% CI; 13.0,21.0)(N=52) of the students ever undergoing an HIV test. The overall stigma associated with HIV was found to be high (93.4%) among the students. Students enrolled in non-health-related courses (AOR=0.33, 95% CI; 0.15,0.73), 5th year students (AOR=0.13, 95%CI; 0.02, 0.78), older aged people (AOR=1.35, 95% CI; 1.03,1.78), and those who had multiple sexual partners (AOR=5.28, 95% CI 1.42,19.60) were significantly associated with HIV testing uptake. Although stigma was associated with HIV testing in simple logistic regression, it was not significant in the multivariate logistic analysis and there was no correlation between HIV uptake and HIV-related stigma. The prevalence of HIV uptake among students was low, and it was discovered that variables acting as facilitators were students who engaged in risky behaviors, and that these variables should be formulated and incorporated into advanced university-based programs to harness the potential of testing and expand it to periodic HIV testing.
FAMILY FOOD CHOICES MOTIVE AMONG MALAYSIAN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S PARENTS
Authors: Saipudin Nurul Ain , Suhairom Nornazira , Abd. Wahid Nur Husna
Published: January 2023

It is important to determine the factors influencing the family, specifically the parent's food choice motives (FFCMs). These factors are perceived to relate to the nutritional status, eating habits of the children and, subsequently, their future well-being. This study aimed to determine the FFCMs factors (including health concerns, natural content, sensory appeal, convenience, weight control, price, mood, and familiarity) of the parents who had preschool children in Selangor, Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among seventy-six pairs of mothers and children aged 4 to 6 years in six selected preschools in the Klang Valley, Selangor. A set of self-administered questionnaires measuring demographic data, dietary records, and FFCMs of the parents were answered by the mother, and anthropometric measurements of the children were then taken. The mean FFCMs score found that "health" (mean 3.5 ± 0.53) was reported as the most important factor in parents' ’food choices than the "familiarity" factor (mean 2.78 ± 0.67). Compared to the ethnic groups, both Chinese and Indians mostly chose "natural content”, compared to Malay parents who chose "health" (3.55 ± 0.50) as an important factor to consider when choosing food.  In conclusion, this study showed that by determining the most important factors influencing a family’s food choices, it is likely to improve the nutritional status and well-being of children and their family members. Thus, this study proposed the utilization of FFCMs as an instrument to design and develop food- and nutrition-related interventions for further studies.
THE EFFECTS OF L.CASEI STRAIN SHIROTA SUPPLEMENTATION ON FAECAL PROFILES AND BODY WEIGHT GAIN OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE MALAY CHILDREN
Authors: Saipudin Nurul Ain , Suhairom Nornazira , Abd Wahid Nur Husna , Syafinaz Amin-Nordin  , Barakatun Nisak Mohd Yusof
Published: January 2023

Probiotic Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) has been proven beneficial for the treatment of gut-related conditions. However, it is unclear how it influences faecal SCFAs concentrations and how it disrupted in overweight and obese children. This study aimed to investigate the effect of  LcS  on faecal profiles and body weight gain in overweight (OW) and obese (OB) children. A total of 42 children, comprising 22 OW/OB children (mean age = 8.73 ± 1.03 years old; BMI = 24.73 ± 3.91 kg/m2; 54.5% boys) and 20 normal weight (NW) children (as a control), were randomly assigned to either receive daily 80 ml of probiotic drink at a dosage of 3.0 x 1010 colony-forming units (CFU) for 4 weeks or a control. Faecal samples were taken, and SCFAs were analysed by HPLC. Results: Twenty-two OW/OB participants completed the study. At the end of the fourth week of  LcS  supplementations, the propionate and the total SCFAs concentrations increased significantly over time with evident intervention effect (p<0.05). In the treatment group, the faecal propionate concentration (Mean= 153.57 µmol/g , SD= 142.17) increased by 161 % and total SCFAs concentration (Mean= 201.44 µmol/g , SD= 162.90) increased by 79 % from the baseline. The mean percentage of body weight changed significantly within the treatment and control groups: 6.4% in the control group and 7.4% in the treatment group (p 0.05). Nevertheless, no such significant differences were found between the treatment and control groups (p>0.05). LcS supplementations for the 4 weeks in OW/OB children were able to increase levels of propionate as compared to baseline values.
COVID-19 MORTALITY CASES IN KUBANG PASU DISTRICT
Authors: Itam Mohd Faiz , Ibrahim Mohd Zukri , Ku Ismail Ku Saifullah , Ismail Mohd Ikhwan , Md Yusof Mohamad Affiz
Published: January 2023

COVID-19 has rapidly impacted on mortality worldwide. Early identification of COVID-19 cases in community at high risk of death can enhance patient treatment and resource allocation. The goal of this study is to identify the characteristics of COVID-19 mortality cases in Kubang Pasu districts in 2021. Data on mortality cases in the year 2021 in Kubang Pasu district were collected, extracted and analyzed. There are 210 (1.9%) mortality cases had been recorded in 2021 due to COVID-19 infection form 11019 COVID-19 cases in Kubang Pasu district. The mortality cases consist of 108(51%) female and 102(49%) male. The highest mortality cases involved the age group of more than 70 years old with 73 (34.8%) cases. The highest race was Malay 193(91.9%), followed by non-Malaysian(2.9%), Chinese 4(1.9%), Siamese 4(1.9%) and Indian 3(1.4%) respectively. Most of the mortality cases are unvaccinated 153 (72.9%). The most coomon cause of death is due to COVID-19 pneumonia with 205 (97.5%) cases. Majority of the cases were screen through symptomatic screening and close contact screening 86 (40.9%) cases and 52 (24.8%) respectively. Among the mortality cases, there are 22(10.5%) brought-in-death cases which 19 (86%) cases are Malay. Most of the brought-in-death cases are unvaccinated, 19 (86%) cases, incomplete vaccine 1 (5%) case and 2 (9%) cases completed vaccine. The highest number of mortality cases occur among those with age more than 70. It involved mostly among Malay race and they were unvaccinated. Lung complication is the main cause of death since most of the mortality cases passed away due to pneumonia. This high number of mortality and BID cases might be attributed to poor health-seeking behaviour among the Kubang Pasu population with COVID-19. Promotion activities about COVID-19 and vaccine should be strengthened further to improve the knowledge and actions towards COVID-19 in community.
RISK FACTORS OF HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM: META-ANALYSIS FROM RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDIES
Authors: Duarsa Artha Budi Susila , Widiyanto Aris , Dedy Arjita I Putu , Atmojo Joko Tri , Anulus Ayu , Putri Santy Irene , Fajriah Asruria Sani
Published: January 2023

Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a pregnancy condition characterized by prolonged and severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, which causes dehydration and weight loss that requires extensive medical care and hospital admission. Studies of hyperemesis were limited in statistical power and generalizability as a result of being facility-based and relatively small in size. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with HG among pregnant women. It systematically reviews articles published in PubMed, EMBASE, and Science Direct databases. Statistical analysis was carried out by Review Manager 5.3 (RevMan 5.3). Three hundreds and eighteen studies were found in the databases, and 6 of them met the qualifications. The results of this meta-analysis suggested that mothers with female baby (OR= 1.25; 95% CI: 1.20–1.31), with a previous history of HG (OR= 5.38; 95% CI: 1.10–26.36), multiparity (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 0.94–1.22), with more than 1 fetus (OR= 2.13; 95%CI: 1.95–2.33), and underweight (OR= 1.19; 95%CI: 1.10–1.28) have higher risk to HG compared to those with male baby, without previous history of HG, primipara, single fetus, and normal BMI respectively. In addition, smoking mothers have a lower risk of HG compared to those who have never had a cigarette (OR= 0.69; 95%CI: 0.31–1.54). Finally, it suggested that mothers with female baby, history of previous HG, multiparity, underweight, and multi-baby are risk factors of HG. Meanwhile, smoking is perceived to be protective factors of HG
THE OCCURRENCE OF DEPRESSION AMONG STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITY OF CYBERJAYA DURING MOVEMENT CONTROL ORDER (MCO) OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Ang Yien Weon , Binti Alffian Hidayatul Athifah , Bin Muhammad Khairulnizam Nik Muhammad Syaraf , Manaharan Thamilvaani
Published: January 2023

In this study, we demonstrate the prevalence of depression and factors associated with depression among foundation students in University of Cyberjaya during Movement Control Order (MCO) of Covid-19 Pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2021 to February 2022, a period where phase three of MCO was declared in Malaysia. Data was collected by using online Patient Health Questionnaire-9 as the scoring system for depression and was analysed using Jeffrey’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP) version 0.14.1.0. Statistical analyses such as descriptive analysis, chi- square and multinomial logistic regression was applied in this study. Our result showed that the prevalence of depression among foundation students during MCO was high. The students enrolled in Foundation in Art program reported to have the highest severe depression compared to the other foundation programs. Although sociodemographic factors exhibited relevant prevalence pattern among the foundation students, however there is no significant (*p<0.05) association between sociodemographic factors with prevalence of depression in this study. We further analysed the following predominant factors which could affect the learning process and root cause of depression among the students during MCO. Interestingly, students unsatisfied with online classes (*p=0.028) and have poor internet connection (*p=0.027) revealed significant association with depression level. Thus, in order to improvise the learning outcomes, we suggest to have an interactive learning and blended teaching method to overcome the depression and mental stress in students.
THE MEDIAN SURVIVAL TIME OF PANCREATIC CANCER PATIENTS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Aung Aung MMT , Naing NN  , Hassan MRA  , Wan-Arfah N  , Chan H  , Oo SS  , Ibrahim MS
Published: January 2023

Pancreatic cancer is an intractable disease, and its mortality rates are approximately identical to its incidence ones. Getting its early diagnosis is quite challenging and subsequently, it contributes to one of the reasons for poor survival figures. The retrospective record review of radiologically or histo-pathologically confirmed primary pancreatic cancer cases registered at State hospitals in Penang, Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu from 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2018 were performed. The cumulative survival probabilities were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method while the log-rank test was applied to determine the differences in overall survival among groups. The overall median survival time was 9.37 (95% CI:8.53, 10.21) months since the diagnosis. The median survival times were significantly shorter in those aged >60 years, in Chinese subjects, those with smoking or alcohol consumption history, patients with some comorbidities, those presented with some signs and symptoms at the time of diagnosis.  Moreover, the median survival time was found to be different based on the type of the pancreatic malignancy and staging of the disease. It was also found that the survival time was significantly longer in those who underwent surgery, those who received radiotherapy or chemotherapy whereas it was significantly shorter in those who took best supportive treatment. The disparities of overall survival time were observed depending on their socio-demographic data and clinical features at the time of diagnosis. The results of this study may serve as a solid foundation to develop robust and meaningful prediction modelling for the prognosis of pancreatic cancer.
EXPLORING BEHAVIOUR CHANGE SITUATIONS FOR PANDEMIC PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN PUBLIC SPACES IN HEFEI, CHINA
Authors: Liujing  , Wan Fucheng , Kamarudin Khairul Manami , Che Me Rosalam , Sulaiman Ruhaizin
Published: January 2023

Protective behaviours – such as wearing face masks, ensuring good hygiene, maintaining social distancing, and limiting physical contact – have been acknowledged as effective non-pharmaceutical solutions for pandemic prevention. However, many people often fail to adhere to these behaviour modifications. To better understand the issue, this study explores individuals' behaviour change situations during the COVID-19 pandemic and proposes appropriate design strategies. To collect valuable data for analysis, the researcher utilized three qualitative methods including observation, nominal group technique (NGT), and a user interview. Five facets of the current behaviour change situation were examined in Hefei, China. These include surveillance, publicity and information dissemination, public facilities and auxiliary tools design, people's attitudes towards behaviour change, and their actual behaviour performance. Moreover, the researchers also examined key challenges and design limitations of behaviour change situations, which were ranked based on voting results from three NGT groups. These theoretical findings may provide valuable insights to guide practical designs and policymaking within the domain of pandemic prevention and control.
EXPLORING PHARMACISTS’ ROLES AND BARRIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH CENTERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Ilma Dewi Latifatul , Maharani Laksmi , Anggraini Yulia , Sholihat Nia Kurnia , Mustikaningtias Ika , Purwonugroho Tunggul Adi
Published: January 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a tremendous effect on essential healthcare services, including public health centers (PHCs). Pharmacists had the responsibility of maintaining high-quality pharmacy services during this pandemic. The objective of this study was to explore pharmacists’ roles and barriers in PHCs while providing pharmacy services during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach. Ten pharmacists from PHCs in Indonesia were recruited using a non-probability sampling method and interviewed individually using an online platform (Zoom and Google Meet) or via telephone. Informants were purposefully recruited through recommendations by registered pharmacists in Indonesia. Two interviews were conducted for each informant with an interval of 1 month. Each interview was recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using an inductive thematic method. Member-checking and peer-debriefing were conducted to increase the credibility of the study. This study revealed changes in the managerial and clinical pharmacy aspects of pharmacists’ roles. Additional roles related to COVID-19 were also described. In performing these services, pharmacists faced some barriers, including the limited provision of direct services to patients, a decrease in the number of patients, dishonesty among patients, a lack of human resources in PHCs, difficulty in procuring medical products related to COVID-19, and a lack of information regarding COVID-19 vaccination. The COVID-19 pandemic forced pharmacists in PHCs to adapt to various changes in pharmacy services, and support from stakeholders, including the government, patients, the pharmacists’ professional organization, and other health workers, is required to overcome the associated barriers.
CONTRACEPTIVE USE AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG POOR WOMEN IN INDONESIA: A COMMUNITY-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Nurrizka Rahmah Hida , Fanggidae Victoria , Makkiyah Feda Annisa , Agustina
Published: January 2023

Government funding for contraceptive services is decreasing, which results in increasingly limited community access to contraception, especially to the poor. The aim of this study is to determine contraceptive use and assess its association with sociodemographic factors, socioeconomic status, the source of obtaining contraception and type of contraception among poor women in Indonesia. This study is a cross-sectional study using the 2017 Indonesian National Socio-Economic Survey. The sample in this study was women who had been married aged 15-49 years in urban and rural communities. The total sample is 20,642 women. Socioeconomic status is measured based on the international poverty line (IPL) set by the World Bank, which is US$ 1.9/day/capita in purchasing power parity (PPP). CPR in poor women was 52.5%. They prefer to use short-acting reversible contraceptives (SARCs) rather than long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs). The use of SARCs in urban areas was 76.0% and in rural areas was 78.3%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis found a significant positive relationship between socioeconomic status and contraceptive use with modern methods among urban and rural communities with OR = 0.92 (0.85-0.99). A significant positive relationship was also found between working poor women and the use of contraception with the modern method in urban communities with OR = 1.14 (1.01-1.28). It is necessary to increase funding for contraception by the government and to socialize the use of LARCs so that birth control can be realized in poor women
ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE OF HEART ATTACK AND STROKE IN WEST SUMATRA PROVINCE
Authors: Haq Arinil , Yeffi Masnarivan  , Melisa Yenti  , Nindy Fadhilla
Published: January 2023

World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that in 2019, 17.9 million people died due to cardiovascular disease, 85% of which were caused by heart attack and stroke. Low awareness of cardiovascular disease can exacerbate the situation and increase mortality due to delays in treatment. This study aims to identify knowledge of heart attack and stroke in communities in West Sumatra Province and its relation to sex, ownership of health insurance, and delaying medical treatment due to cost. This study used a cross-sectional study design, conducted in West Sumatra Province from May to October 2020. The sample in this study was 223 people aged 18-54 years who were selected by simple random sampling. Data were analyzed by univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with the Mann-Whitney test. Most of the respondents have low knowledge about heart attacks and strokes and first aid response (57.4%). There was significant mean difference in knowledge between the group of respondents who have health insurance and the group that did not. There was no significant mean difference in knowledge of respondents by sex and delaying medical care because of costs. Low of public knowledge about the symptoms of heart attack and stroke should be addressed as an important contribution to reducing mortality and morbidity due to heart attack and stroke.
PREVALENCE OF DRIVING FATIGUE AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG LOGISTIC TRUCK DRIVERS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Che Hasan Nurul Atikah , Karuppiah Karmegam , Hamzah Nurul Ainun , Mohd Juzad Kodsiah , Mohd Tamrin Shamsul Bahri
Published: January 2023

Fatigue is a very serious problem for transportation workers that contributes to various issues such as reduced alertness, slower reaction time, and deteriorating driving performance leading to road accidents. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of driving fatigue and its associated factors with individual, work-related, physiological changes in heart rate, and reduced alertness among logistics truck drivers in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 168 truck drivers employed in a logistics and transportation company in several locations including Klang Valley, Johor, and Penang. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain demographic and work-related information. The Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory (SOFI) and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) were used to evaluate the fatigue and level of sleepiness of logistic truck drivers. A heart rate monitor and alertness impairment assessed psychological changes using psychomotor vigilance task (PVT). Measurements were assessed before and after work conditions for subjective sleepiness scale, changes in heart rate, and alertness reduction via PVT. The prevalence of occupational fatigue among logistic truck drivers was 42.9%. There was a strong association between occupational fatigue with age (β= -0.329, 95% CI: -0.644 to -0.013), job satisfaction (β= -0.381, 95% CI: -0.502 to -0.260) and the need for recovery after work (β= 0.172, 95% CI: 0.067 to 0.277) respectively. A significant difference was found in sleepiness levels before and after driving conditions (p<0.001, t=-12.96). However, no significant association was found between heart rate and occupational fatigue (p> 0.05). For PVT mean, the results showed that significant differences were found before and after working conditions (p=0.009, t=2.44). The combination of subjective and objective evaluation of fatigue was identified as the variables contributing to driving fatigue. Age, job satisfaction, and the need for recovery were the intrinsic variables that should be put into consideration in order to overcome the driving fatigue of logistic truck drivers.
SELF-CARE BEHAVIORS TO PREVENT COVID-19 INFECTION AMONG FOOD DELIVERY RIDERS IN THAILAND
Authors: Sarnkhaowkhom Chawapon , Suksatan Wanich , Malaikham Orn-uma , Tuppanom Kedsarin , Sawangthuean Naruemon , Wongtee Suphattra , Fhapafha Julalak , Wisesthearrakul Laksika , Lapaphan Supawadee , Machikowa Soontaree , Chaaumphol Apitchaya
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic plays a key role in people's behavior worldwide, especially, during the measures of locking down and social distancing, the demand for food delivery increased worldwide. To prevent the transmission of COVID-19, the food delivery riders require to have good self-care behaviors during working. Therefore, this research aims to assess the self-care behaviors to prevent COVID-19 among food delivery riders and determine the associations of demographic data of food delivery riders and self-care behaviors to prevent COVID-19. This research employed online cross-sectional research involving 440 food delivery riders in Bangkok from October to November 2020. The findings showed that most food delivery riders had a high level of self-care behaviors to prevent COVID-19 infection (M= 4.04, SD= 0.63). The factor associated with the self-care behaviors to prevent COVID-19 infection was educational level (p< 0.05). This research provides an understanding of the level and factors associated with self-care behaviors to prevent COVID-19 infection among food delivery riders. The healthcare providers, public health sectors, and food delivery companies are recommended to promote self-care behaviors among food delivery riders and necessary to have the effective health communication, health education or intervention to all food delivery riders by concerning about their educational background.
THE COMPETENCE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND FACTORS RELATED TO LEARNING MOTIVATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN FINLAND AND AUSTRIA
Authors: Kruekaew Duenke Janpaphat , Suksatan Wanich
Published: January 2023

The global coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has disturbed daily life and altered the way we interact with others and the urgency of learning motivation/competence and its relation to the pandemic has not been addressed. Thus, few studies have been conducted to assess factors related to learning motivation from the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study aims to examine the related learning motivation of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional was used as secondary data analysis from Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. A total of 7,386 university students in Austria and Finland. The data was administered by a web-based survey that was conducted from April 7 to June 6, 2020. Data analysis comprised of descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. This study found that most of students were female (n = 5,264, 73.30%), students’ age M = 25.76, SD = 7.52, and students from Austria (77.80%) and Finland (22.2%). The predictors of learning motivation were age (β: -0.099, <0.05) and learning competence (β: .659, <0.05). This study also asserted that age (β: -.85, p< .05) was statistically significant with learning competence during COVID-19. Interdisciplinary healthcare team and faculty members consider students’ age, gender, and learning competence factors in developing appropriate activities to encourage learning competence and learning motivation in order to improve learning outcomes in university students during the COVID-19 outbreak
CHARACTERISTICS AND COVID-19 INFECTION OUTCOME AMONG RURAL POPULATION IN NEGERI SEMBILAN, MALAYSIA.
Authors: Dapari Rahmat , Mahfot Mohd Hafizuddin , Mohamad Bashaabidin Mohd Safrin , Che Dom Nazri , Hassan Mohd Rohaizat , Syed Abdul Rahim Syed Sharizman
Published: January 2023

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has still affected many countries around the world. While several studies have been published substantially regarding the risk factors of severe COVID-19 infection, less is known about the factors associated with COVID-19 infection among rural populations. This study aims to determine the characteristics and COVID-19 infection outcome in the rural population in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Cross-sectional study was conducted in year 2021 among 3004 Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 cases in rural areas in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The data was collected using proforma from list of COVID-19 cases in district health office and has been analyzed using SPSS version 25. Analysis shows that 884 (29.4%) out of 3004 Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 cases are classified as moderate-severe. The significant characteristics for moderate-severe COVID-19 infections were age (age 60 and above: aOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.474 – 2.715), gender (female: aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.014-1.430), ethnicity (Chinese: aOR 3.09, 95% CI 1.746-5.454), employment status (employed: aOR 1.40, 95% CI 1.115-1.714), and chronic diseases (having chronic diseases: aOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.350-2.133). Early recognition of these characteristics among COVID-19 patients and prompt management of these cases might help to reduce COVID-19 severity in future.
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF YOUNG ATHLETES IN BAGHDAD CITY/IRAQ TOWARD THE USE OF SPORTS SUPPLEMENTS
Authors: Ghazi Hasanain Faisal , Abdalqader Mohammed , Hasan Tiba Nezar
Published: January 2023

Dietary supplements are used as nutritional boosters. The types that are used for the enhancement of sport-and-athletic routines and to regain strength quickly are known as sports supplements. The main objective of this research is to assess the knowledge and attitude of young athletes in Baghdad city on the use of these sports supplements. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 304 young athletes in Baghdad city using self-administered questionnaires. The participants were selected using non-probability convenience sampling. The mean age of the participants was 26.89 years and the mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 23.12 kg/m2. The most common supplements used were Mass protein (35.9%), followed by Whey protein (29.3%), and creatinine (15.1%). Around two-thirds (75%) of the athletes had previous information regarding sport supplements and the most common source of this information was their personal trainer at the gym (39.8%). Currently, 60.5% of the participants are taking sport supplements. There was a significant association between the knowledge variables (time for taking supplements, reasons for taking supplements, and taking the correct amount) and age (p-value 0.007, 0.005, 0.009), respectively. A majority of the participants, 78.9%, refused to take the forbidden supplements to improve their performance. Thus we can conclude that young athletes have an acceptable level of knowledge regarding sport supplements and a good attitude, especially toward the usage of forbidden supplements. More promotions are needed in Baghdad city, to get young people using gyms to focus on their health.
Resiliencia juvenil ante la hiperconectividad durante la pandemia en Cataluña
Authors: Pozos Pérez Katia Verónica
Published: February 2023

La finalidad de este artículo es presentar los resultados de cuatro grupos de discusión entre jóvenes, expertos y profesionales en diversos ámbitos en Cataluña. Se llevó a cabo una investigación acción participativa y crítica sobre las temáticas en las que los efectos de la COVID-19 tuvieron un enorme impacto: 1) Salud mental y violencias juveniles; 2) Hiperconectividad y sobreinformación; 3) Emergencia sanitaria y climática; 4) Paro, empleo y emancipación juvenil. La diversidad de efectos en la juventud ha sido mayormente negativa, sin embargo, también se evidencia una serie de efectos positivos o de resiliencia por parte de los jóvenes.
The Effect of Distance Learning on The Learning Outcomes
Authors: Kasim Sri Agustina , Panigoro Meyko , Sudirman Sudirman
Published: January 2023

The data in this study were obtained by distributing questionnaires to students, so the data in this study were primary data. In this study, the researcher used a quantitative method with a simple linear regression technique, with the results showing that distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic had a positive and significant effect on student learning outcomes for integrated social studies subjects in class IX of SMP Negeri 4 Gorontalo City. After doing the normality test and testing the hypothesis using the regression and correlation analysis formula, for the results of this study the regression equation is Y =7,693+〖0,571 _x. In this study, the variable learning outcomes of integrated social studies subjects in class IX State Junior High School 4 Gorontalo City can be explained by distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic by 40.9%, and for the remaining 59.1% influenced by other variables that are not examined in this study such as student interest in learning, motivation of parents, student learning styles, as well as school environmental factors and students' play environment
The Use Of Learning Media on Students' Learning Outcomes
Authors: Muhamad Rusdianto , Mahmud Melizubaida , Bahsoan Agil
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of learning media on student learning outcomes in integrated social studies subjects at State Junior High Schools 1 Bulango Utara. This study uses a quantitative approach, with survey research methods. The data used are primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires to class VIII students of State Junior High Schools 1 Bulango Utara. The number of sampling in this study amounted to 32 respondents. The data analysis technique used simple linear regression. The results of the study indicate that there is an influence of learning media on student learning outcomes for integrated social studies subjects for class VIII State Junior High Schools 1 Bulango Utara. The magnitude of the influence of Learning Media on Student Learning Outcomes is 22.7% while the remaining 77.3% is influenced by variables not examined.
Teacher's Professional Competence on Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: Kasim Rahmad , Moonti Usman , Sudirman Sudirman
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine "The Influence of Teacher Professional Competence on Learning Outcomes of Class X Social Studies Students in Economics Subjects at SMA Negeri 1 Kabila.This study uses a quantitative approach with the method used is the method of Simple Linear Regression Analysis with a sample of 24 students. Data collection techniques used in this study were interviews, questionnaires, and data analysis techniques in this study using simple regression.The results showed that there was an influence of teacher professional competence on the learning outcomes of class X social studies students in economics subjects at SMA Negeri 1 Kabila. The influence of teacher professional competence on student learning outcomes reaches 37.1% while the remaining 62.9% is influenced by other variables not examined.
Study Of High Level Of Thinking Ability Of Class Xi Students At State Vocational School 4 Gorontalo
Authors: Tialo Risna S , Panigoro Meyko , Sudirman Sudirman
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to describe the level of high-order thinking skills of class XI students in accounting subjects at SMK Negeri 4 Gorontalo. The research method used is a qualitative method. The objects in this study were students of class X1 with a total of 27 students. Data collection was carried out using a description test instrument consisting of 6 question items. The results showed that from the results of the PAP analysis, students' higher order thinking skills showed that from 27 students, 3 students (11%) had high HOTS thinking skills, 14 students (52%) had sufficient HOTS thinking skills, 1 student (4%) have low HOTS thinking ability, and 9 students (33%) have HOTS thinking ability.