bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of life in patients with leg ulcers: results from CHALLENGE, a double-blind randomised controlled trial
Authors: Meaume S. , Dompmartin A. , Lok C. , Lazareth I. , Sigal M. , Truchetet F. , Sauvadet A. , Bohbot S. ,   On behalf of the CHALLENGE Study Group
Published: July 2017

Objective:

We recently showed the superiority of a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) modulating dressing (foam impregnated with NOSF, nano-oligosaccharide factor) compared with a lipidocolloid matrix (TLC) control dressing in median wound area reduction (WAR). Here we report the results from the same study assessing the performance and safety of TLC-NOSF in the local management of venous leg ulcers (VLUs) or mixed leg ulcers and determining its impact on the patient's health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Method:

A superiority randomised double-blind controlled trial was conducted on patients presenting with a non-infected leg ulcer (VLUs or mixed leg ulcers) of predominantly venous origin (ABPI >0.8), with a surface area ranging from 5 to 50cm2and a duration of 6 to 36 months. Patients were randomly allocated to either the TLC-NOSF matrix foam (UrgoStart) dressing group or to the neutral TLC foam dressing group (UrgoTul Absorb). All received appropriate compression therapy and the wounds were assessed blindly (clinical examination, wound area tracing and photographic record) every 2 weeks for a period of 8 weeks, or until complete closure. A secondary endpoint, described here, was the patient's HRQoL, documented by the patient, through the EuroQol 5D tool (EQ-5D) questionnaire and visual analogue scale (VAS).

Results:

In total, 187 patients were randomised to either the TLC-NOSF group (n=94) or the control dressing group (n=93). The two groups were well balanced at baseline with regard to wound and patient characteristics. In the HRQoL questionnaire (EQ-5D), the pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression dimensions were significantly improved in the TLC-NOSF group versus the control one (pain/discomfort: 1.53±0.53 versus 1.74±0.65; p=0.022, and anxiety/depression: 1.35±0.53 versus 1.54±0.60, p=0.037). The VAS score was better in the test group compared with the control group (72.1±17.5 versus 67.3±18.7, respectively), without reaching significance (p=0.072). Acceptability and tolerance of the two products were similar in both groups.

Conclusion:

The double-blind clinical trial has demonstrated that the TLC-NOSF matrix dressing promotes faster healing of VLUs and mixed leg ulcers and significantly reduces the pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression experienced by the patients. These results suggest that acceleration of VLU healing could improve the HRQoL of the patients and reduced the emotional and social burden of these chronic wounds.
Cattle Review
Authors: Barrett David C
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

This edition of Cattle Review considers three papers from Ireland on fertility in pasture-based dairy herds, farmers' views on Johne's disease control and the relationship between bovine viral diarrhoea and bovine tuberculosis.
Equine Review
Authors: Rendle David
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

This edition of Equine Review considers papers on omeprazole, survival in horses with septic pleuropneumonia and oral sugar tests and glucose sugar challenge tests.
Dermatology prescribing update: Eczema
Authors: Van Onselen Julie
Published: July 2017

Eczema is a common skin condition, which for the majority of suffers is managed in primary care. Nurse prescribers should be aware of evidence-based guidelines in eczema treatment, on which they need to base prescribing decisions and work with the patient on individual skin-care plans. Education and support in managing eczema is essential for patients of all ages (and carers of children and older people). Eczema has a huge impact on quality of life, but a good management plan can make a big difference to controlling this chronic condition. This article explains the principles of eczema treatments in acute, sub-acute and chronic stages of eczema with emollients, topical corticosteroids, antibiotics, antimicrobials and antivirals, topical calcineurin inhibitors and antihistamines.
Allergic rhinitis: Practical tips and advice
Authors: Holmes Steve , Scullion Ms Jane
Published: July 2017

Allergic rhinitis is a common long-term condition affecting around 20% of the UK population. Although some people seek support from health professionals, the majority self-manage their condition. Allergic rhinitis can have an impact on education, work, home and social life. It can also adversely affect examinations in school children. A good diagnosis is usually made clinically, based on a careful history and examination with a consideration of other potential diagnoses. Treatment in most situations is successful with standard treatments of antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids, along with non-pharmacological interventions. If uncertainty exists, a specialist referral is appropriate but remembering that compliance is often an issue, as can be the correct use of an intranasal spray. Successful treatment is rewarding for the clinician and can significantly reduce the impact that allergic rhinitis has on patient's lives.
Differences in Kernel Shape, Size, and Density between Healthy Kernels and Mold Discolored Kernels and their Relationship to Reduction in Aflatoxin Levels in a Sample of Shelled Corn
Authors: Shi Hu , Stroshine Richard L , Ileleji Klein
Published: July 2017

Abstract.

Unacceptably high levels of aflatoxin in shelled corn drastically reduce its market value and result in substantial economic losses. This study looked at the reduction in aflatoxin levels that could be achieved by removal of kernels discolored by mold and presumed to contain aflatoxin. The study related kernel physical characteristics to the reduction achieved using screening and density separation techniques which are currently in use in the grain industry. Physical properties of corn kernels discolored by mold and healthy corn kernels were determined in a sample taken from a 737 kg corn lot known to have relatively high levels of aflatoxin. Properties measured included kernel diameters, sphericity, and kernel density. Differences between discolored and healthy kernels in major diameter, minor diameter, sphericity, and density were statistically significant. Tests were also conducted at a commercial inbred seed corn processing facility using a screen cleaner and a gravity table. Removal of fine material (approximately 10% by weight) reduced aflatoxin levels by 84%. In two successive passes through a screen cleaner, removal of smaller kernels and kernel pieces with a round-hole sieve further reduced aflatoxin levels by 1.8% and 9.4%, respectively. After the smaller kernels and kernel pieces were added back to the lot, two successive passes through a gravity table reduced aflatoxin levels by 12.6% and 16.4%, respectively. Kernel density distributions of a sample taken before gravity table density sorting, and of samples of the higher and lower density fractions after sorting, were also determined. The effect of screening with a slotted sieve was studied by screening a 3 kg sample from the corn lot using a table top Clipper cleaner. This 3 kg sample had been previously screened to remove fines. The results indicate that, at least for some corn lots, aflatoxin levels can be reduced using a screen cleaner and a gravity table. The authors also concluded that insight into the effectiveness of aflatoxin reduction in corn by size and density sorting could be gained by conducting a size and density analysis on a representative sample of kernels taken from the corn being sorted. Keywords: Aflatoxin, Corn, Density, Gravity table, Physical properties, Screening, Sieves.
Comparison of Spray Configurations in a Spray Cabin Design for Ornamental Potted Plants: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Zwertvaegher Ingrid , Foqué Dieter , Dekeyser Donald , Van Weyenberg Stephanie , Nuyttens David
Published: July 2017

Abstract.

With the implementation of integrated pest management in the European Union, growers are obliged to manage pests in a manner that minimizes health and environmental risks due to the use of plant protection products. Among other approaches, this goal can be achieved by optimizing spray application techniques. As an alternative to the predominantly used handheld equipment, such as spray guns, spray boom systems might substantially improve spray application, and thus crop protection management, in greenhouses. The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to compare different spray configurations in a spray cabin designed to spray ornamental potted plants that are moving on a conveyor belt. Seven different spray configurations were examined for optimal spray deposition in two crops (azalea and ivy) using mineral chelate tracers. The deposition tests showed that the presented prototype can satisfactorily spray potted plants up to a height of 25 cm including the pot height. The best spray deposition was found with two flat-fan nozzles oriented 35° upward, spraying at 1.0 bar and an application rate of 1047 L ha-1. This configuration increased deposition on the underside of the leaves and at the middle foliage layer compared to the other configurations that were evaluated. The spray cabin with a band spray setting has potential to mitigate the use of plant protection products and achieve a more efficient spray application compared to traditional handheld techniques and broadcast spray boom techniques. Keywords: Crop protection, Integrated pest management, Nozzle type, Spray deposition.
Factors Affecting Model Sensitivity and Uncertainty: Application to an Irrigation Scheduler
Authors: Linhoss Anna C. , Tagert Mary Love , Buka Hazel , Sassenrath Gretchen
Published: July 2017

Abstract.

This work describes the global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of the Mississippi Irrigation Scheduling Tool (MIST) using the Sobol’ method. An often overlooked but driving factor in any sensitivity and uncertainty analysis is the selection of the prior probability distribution functions (PDFs) that are used to describe parameter and input uncertainty. These prior PDFs have a direct impact on the total model uncertainty as well as the ranking of importance of model inputs and parameters. Furthermore, an uncertainty and sensitivity analysis generally focuses on a single objective function for analysis, but model outputs are often analyzed and summarized using a variety of objective functions. Therefore, it is important to include this variety of objective functions in any sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. In this article, we show how the choice of prior PDFs and objective functions impacts the ranking of important parameters and inputs in the MIST model. For example, under the “first day to irrigate” objective function, precipitation was the most important input when using informed prior PDFs, but precipitation ranked as the tenth most important input when using uninformed prior PDFs. Similarly, when using the uninformed prior PDFs, the curve number was the second most important input for the water balance objective function but only the eighth most important when assessing the “first day to irrigate” objective function. Furthermore, in the MIST model, increasing model complexity through the addition of algorithms, inputs, and parameters increases model uncertainty. Finally, in this particular application using the data described, the crop coefficient and precipitation were the most important parameters or inputs, while the initial abstraction and minimum temperature were the least important parameters or inputs. These results provide theoretical insights into sensitivity and uncertainty analysis studies as well as context-specific implications for strategic enhancement of the MIST model. Keywords: Crop water use, Evapotranspiration, Irrigation scheduling, Objective function, Probability distribution function, Sensitivity analysis, Uncertainty analysis.
Mechanical Properties of Switchgrass and Miscanthus
Authors: Liu Bo , Koc A. Bulent
Published: July 2017

Abstract.

The mechanical properties of energy crops in the longitudinal and transverse directions are necessary for modeling and simulation of biomass stems. Modeling of biomass stems would help in analyzing the interactions between processing equipment and biomass material before building physical systems. While some of the mechanical properties of switchgrass and miscanthus stems are available in the literature, these properties are not complete for modeling and simulation of these materials. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the mechanical properties of switchgrass and miscanthus stems by using compressive, tensile, and shearing tests in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Tensile, compressive, and shear strengths and modulus of elasticity of switchgrass and miscanthus tended to decrease with decreasing stem diameter in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. Tensile and compressive strengths of the first internode of switchgrass were 178.0 and 27.3 MPa in the longitudinal direction and 0.7 and 4.1 MPa in the transverse direction. Shear strength for the first internode of switchgrass was 2.2 and 21.1 MPa in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Tensile and compressive strengths of the first internode of miscanthus were 373.1 and 56.9 MPa in the longitudinal direction and 1.8 and 6.3 MPa in the transverse direction. Shear strength for the first internode of miscanthus was 94.4 and 8.7 MPa in the transverse and longitudinal directions. The experimental data collected in this research would be useful for the development of simulation models for investigating the interactions between shearing tools and energy crops and in designing harvest and particle reduction equipment. Further research would be useful for determining the effects of moisture content, growth conditions, and maturity stage on the mechanical properties of these crops. Keywords: Biofuel, Compressive strength, Miscanthus, Shear strength, Switchgrass, Tensile strength.
Control of Gas and Odor Levels in Swine Facilities Using Filters with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Alvarado Alvin C. , Predicala Bernardo Z.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The effectiveness of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles as filtering media for controlling the levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), and odor in swine facilities was evaluated in this study. Semi-pilot scale tests were done to determine basic operational factors, the results of which showed that the fluidized bed air filtration system (FBAFS), loaded with ZnO nanoparticles at a rate of 0.28 g cm-2 of filter area, and a gas flow rate equivalent to 0.5 m s-1 face velocity achieved significant reduction in target gas levels. The performance of this filter system was further investigated in a room-scale environmental chamber representative of normal swine production conditions. When installed as part of the ventilation air recirculation system of the room, the FBAFS with ZnO nanoparticles achieved about 65% H2S and 42% NH3 reductions in the human-occupied zones but had no significant impact on pig performance as well as odor levels in the chamber. Keywords: Ammonia, Face velocity, Filtration, Hydrogen sulfide, Nanoparticles, Odor, Swine, Ventilation, Zinc oxide.
Thermochemical Conversion: A Prospective Swine Manure Solution for North Carolina
Authors: Lentz Zachary A , Classen John , Kolar Praveen
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The growth of North Carolina’s swine industry in recent decades has led to a subsequent increase in the production of swine manure. This manure represents a potential threat to environmental and human health, as well as an opportunity to add value to pork production. Technologies for treating swine manure safely while generating products to offset costs are part of an expanding field of research centered on sustainable food production for our growing population. Thermochemical conversion processes use heat to degrade organic feedstocks and drive chemical reactions, which generate valuable products. The high moisture content of swine manure is prohibitive for most thermochemical processes, but gasification and hydrothermal carbonization may be more accommodating. Gasification, a time-tested thermochemical conversion process, yields a combustible gas through a series of endothermic reactions, and hydrothermal carbonization yields a solid, coal-like char that can be used as a fuel or chemical precursor. Advances in thermochemical conversion processes have indicated the potential for yielding valuable products from swine manure, but viable scalable processes are still under development, requiring further research to apply these processes to swine manure management and evaluate the usefulness of their products. This review (1) describes, generally, thermochemical conversion via both hydrothermal gasification (HTG) and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), (2) shows the usefulness of each conversion process for biomass, and (3) discusses the potential of HTG and HTC of swine manure to enhance the value of pork production. Keywords: Energy, Gases, Hydrothermal carbonization, Hydrothermal gasification, Pig manure, Pigs, Sustainable.
“Post-Conflict” Reconstruction, the Crimes of the Powerful and Transitional Justice
Authors: Balint Jennifer , Lasslett Kristian , Macdonald Kate
Published: July 2017

None
Phytosynthesis and Characterisation of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesised from Flower Extract of Roheda (Tecomella undulata G. Don)
Authors: Chaudhuri Sadhan Kumar , Malodia Lalit
Published: July 2017

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out using Tecomella undulat flower extract with 0.1mM silver nitrate solution. Within a few minutes colour change and variation of pH value could be observed. Synthesised nanoparticles were characterised through UV-Vis spectra, particle size analysis, zeta potential measurement, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). The UV-Vis absorption spectrum shows an absorption band near 450 nm, which is characteristic absorption peak of silver nanoparticle. The particle size distribution result showed two peaks at 5.23 nm (20.3 per cent) and 77.82 nm (79.7 per cent). XRD characterisation showed that these are highly crystalline silver nanoparticles having average size 12.5 nm. FTIR spectrum was recorded to identify the biomolecules involved in the synthesis process, which showed absorption band stretches at 2939.52 cm-1, 2877.79 cm-1, 2362.80 cm-1, 1228.66 cm-1, 1157.29 cm-1, 1014.56 cm-1, 831.32 cm-1and 785.03 cm-1. SEM image showed that particles were spherical in nature. The presence of Ag was confirmed by major peak of Ag in EDX spectrum. 2D and 3D images of silver nanoparticles were obtained by AFM and biogenic nanoparticles were measured in the size range between 20 nm - 70 nm. Various types of spectroscopic and microscopic characterisation indicated that these are stable silver nanoparticles synthesised from flower extract of Tecomella undulata.
Numerical Study of Dual band (MW/LW) IR Detector for Performance Improvement
Authors: Saxena P.K.
Published: July 2017

In the present study, an extensive numerical analysis has been performed and an effort has been made to understand the underlying physics, which is presently unclear for researchers for development of third generation FPA infrared detectors based on HgCdTe material. To reduce technology development cost associated with dualband photodetector for operation at MWIR and LWIR regions, a 2D theoretical model has been proposed including all the relevant physics. The structure under present study considers back-to-back diode structures to detect simultaneous MW/LW operative wavelength by changing the biasing polarity of the diodes. The optimum electrical and optical outputs from dualband detector have been achieved through performing design of experiments. The coupled basic semiconductor equations including nonlinear continuity, transport and Poisson’s equations have been solved to achieve electrical (I-V) characteristics under no bias condition and modern optics equations has been coupled to semiconductor equations to obtain optical characteristics. The quantum efficiency of both detectors has been computed and compared with experimental results. The computed results obtained on the basis of proposed model accurately matches with the experimental results reported by others researcher. The results exhibit the quantum efficiencies, QEMW=95 per cent and QELW=74.5 per cent, respectively.
Metallurgical Slags as Traces of a 15th century Copper Smelter
Authors: Garbacz-Klempka A. , Wardas-Lasoń M. , Kozana J. , Piękoś M. , Kwak Z.
Published: July 2017

The research focuses on assessing the metal content, mainly copper, lead, iron and also silver in metallurgical slag samples from the area where historical metallurgical industry functioned. In the smelter located in Mogiła, near Krakow (southern Poland), whose operation is confirmed in sources from 1469, copper was probably refined as well as silver was separated from copper. Based on the change of chemical and soil phase content and also taking cartographic and historical data into account, considering the restrictions resulting from the modern land use the area was determined whose geochemical mapping can point to the location of the 15th century Jan Thurzo’s smelter in Mogiła near Krakow. Moreover, using the same approach with the samples of this kind here as with hazardous waste, an attempt has been made to assess their impact on the environment. Thereby, taking the geoenvironmental conditions into account, potential impact of the industrial activity has been assessed, which probably left large scale changes in the substratum, manifested in the structure, chemical content and soil phase changes. Discovering areas which are contaminated above the standard value can help to identify historical human activities, and finding the context in artefacts allows to treat geochemical anomalies as a geochronological marker. For this purpose the best are bed sediments, at present buried in the ground, of historical ditches draining the area of the supposed smelter. Correlating their qualities with analogical research of archeologically identified slags and other waste material allows for reconstructing the anthropopressure stages and the evaluation of their effects. The operation of Jan Thurzo’s smelter is significant for the history of mining and metallurgy of Poland and Central and Eastern Europe.
Corrosion Resistance and Microstructure of Recasting Cobalt Alloys Used in Dental Prosthetics
Authors: Loch J. , Krzykała A. , Łukaszczyk A. , Augustyn-Pieniążek J.
Published: July 2017

The work presents the results of the studies of Co-Cr-Mo casting alloys used in the production of frame casts of removable dentures, crowns and bridges in dental prosthetics. The studies were performed on four Co-Cr-Mo alloys of different contents of Mo, W and other additives. Electrochemical tests were performed, which aimed at examining the corrosion resistance of the alloys and observing the alloy structure after chronoamperometric tests with the potential in the area of the occurrence of the passive layer breakpoint. The alloy microstructure images after chronoamperometric tests show the presence of non-uniformly distributed general corrosion. Moreover, a project of cobalt alloy casting was elaborated using a ceramic mold casting. Additionally, analysis of the obtained microstructure was performed. The microstructure of the examined alloys was of the dendrite type. This microstructure was chemically inhomogeneous and consisted of an austenitic matrix formed by a solid cobalt solution and chromium in the core dendritic structure.
Computer Catalog and Semantic Search of Data in the Domain of Cast Iron Processing
Authors: Rojek G. , Regulski K. , Wilk-Kołodziejczyk D. , Kluska-Nawarecka S. , Wawrzaszek T.
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study is to design and implement a computer system, which will allow the semantic cataloging and data retrieval in the field of cast iron processing. The intention is to let the system architecture allow for consideration of data on various processing techniques based on the information available or searched by a potential user. This is achieved by separating the system code from the knowledge of the processing operations or from the chemical composition of the material being processed. This is made possible by the creation and subsequent use of formal knowledge representation in the form of ontology. So, any use of the system is associated with the use of ontologies, either as an aid for the cataloging of new data, or as an indication of restrictions imposed on the data which draw user attention. The use of formal knowledge representation also allows consideration of semantic meaning, a consequence of which may be, for example, returning all elements in subclasses of the searched process class or material grade.
Isothermal Transformation Ar1 Product Morphology and Kinetics of EN-GJS-600-3 Cast Iron
Authors: Szykowny T. , Giętka T. , Ciechacki K. , Panfil L. , Romanowski Ł.
Published: July 2017

This work presents the qualitative and quantitative changes in the products of isothermal transformation (reaction) in a ductile cast iron austenite after supercooling to the temperature range Ar1. The austenitizing temperature considered in this work was 900, 960 or 1020°C. The eutectoid reaction was investigated by metallographic examination at a holding temperature right below Ar11(820°C) or right below Ar12(760°C). The quantitative metallographic examination was carried out with a light microscope (LM). The initial transformation stage products were identified with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The selected samples were studied for chemical microsegregation of manganese, silicon, phosphorus, and carbon with an X-ray microanalyser (MAR). The tested cast iron material was found to predominantly feature a eutectoid reaction in the metastable system the ratio of which was increasing with the austenitizing temperature. The austenitizing temperature was found to be conducive to the evolution kinetics of individual phases and to the graphitization kinetics of the eutectoid cementite that was formed during the contemplated reaction.
Microstructure of Archaeological 17th Century Cast Copper Alloys
Authors: Konieczny J. , Labisz K. , Głowik-Łazarczyk K. , Ćwiek J. , Wierzbicki Ł.
Published: July 2017

In Poland, researchers have a very strong interest in archaeometallurgy, which, as presented in classical works, focuses on dating artefacts from the prehistoric and early medieval periods in the form of cast iron and copper castings. This study, extending the current knowledge, presents the results of a microstructure investigation into the findings from the Modern era dating back to the late Middle Ages. The investigated material was an object in the form of a heavy solid copper block weighing several kilograms that was excavated by a team of Polish archaeologists working under the direction of Ms Iwona Młodkowska-Przepiórowska during works on the marketplace in the city of Czestochowa during the summer of 2009. Pre-dating of the material indicates the period of the seventeenth century AD. The solid copper block was delivered in the form of a part shaped like a bell, named later in this work as a “kettlebell”. To determine the microstructure, the structural components, chemical composition, and homogeneity, as well as additives and impurities, investigations were carried out using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy including analysis of the chemical composition performed in micro-areas, and qualitative X-ray phase analysis in order to investigate the phase composition. Interpretation of the analytical results of the material’s microstructure will also help modify and/or develop new methodological assumptions to investigate further archaeometallurgical exhibits, throwing new light on and expanding the area of knowledge of the use and processing of seventeenth-century metallic materials.
Estimating the Counterparty Risk Exposure by Using the Brownian Motion Local Time
Authors: Bonollo Michele , Persio Luca Di , Mammi Luca , Olivad Immacolata
Published: July 2017

In recent years, the counterparty credit risk measure, namely the default risk in over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives contracts, has received great attention by banking regulators, specifically within the frameworks of Basel II and Basel III. More explicitly, to obtain the related risk figures, one is first obliged to compute intermediate output functionals related to the mark-to-market position at a given time no exceeding a positive and finite time horizon. The latter implies an enormous amount of computational effort is needed, with related highly time consuming procedures to be carried out, turning out into significant costs. To overcome the latter issue, we propose a smart exploitation of the properties of the (local) time spent by the Brownian motion close to a given value.
Flow Cytometry Assessment of Bacterial and Yeast Induced Oxidative Burst in Peripheral Blood Phagocytes
Authors: Șular Floredana-Laura , Dobreanu Minodora
Published: July 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to verify in our laboratory conditions the performance criteria of a commercial kit (PhagoburstTM, Glycotope Biotechnology) as described by the producers. We have also partially altered the use of the available kit by introducing a non-opsonized Candida albicans stimulus, in addition to the opsonized Escherichia coli stimulus provided by the manufacturer. Material and methods: The peripheral blood samples of 6 clinically healthy adults were tested in triplicate according to the manufacturer recommendations. The intraassay imprecision as well as the ranges of neutrophil and monocyte burst activation triggered by various stimuli were assessed. Results: The activation range of granulocytes and monocytes was similar to the one described by the producer in the presence of E. coli (granulocytes: 78.45-99.43% versus 99.6-99.95%, average %CV of 1.53% versus 0.1%, monocytes: 54.63-92.33% versus 81.80-96.67, average %CV 6.92% versus 1.1%). The leukocyte range of activation in the presence of non-opsonized C. albicans was comparable to the one triggered by the fMLP (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine) stimulus. Conclusion: The intra-assay precision obtained in our laboratory conditions, as well as the ranges of activated leukocytes, are comparable to the ones described by the producer when using E. coli as a stimulus. The present study shows that introducing an extra fungal stimulus for burst oxidation assessment could provide additional information regarding the non-specific cellular immune response, particularly in patients at risk for candidemia.
Application of Quality Management Tools for Evaluating the Failure Frequency of Cutter-Loader and Plough Mining Systems
Authors: Biały Witold
Published: July 2017

Failure frequency in the mining process, with a focus on the mining machine, has been presented and illustrated by the example of two coal-mines. Two mining systems have been subjected to analysis: a cutter-loader and a plough system. In order to reduce costs generated by failures, maintenance teams should regularly make sure that the machines are used and operated in a rational and effective way. Such activities will allow downtimes to be reduced, and, in consequence, will increase the effectiveness of a mining plant. The evaluation of mining machines’ failure frequency contained in this study has been based on one of the traditional quality management tools - the Pareto chart.
Evaluation of Undrained Shear Strength of Miocene Clay from the Weight Sounding Test (WST)
Authors: Olesiak Sebastian
Published: July 2017

Soil strength parameters needed for the calculation of bearing capacity and stability are increasingly determined from field testing. This paper presents a method to determine the undrained shear strength cuWST of the soil, based on the Weight Sounding Test (WST). The innovative solution which allows for a significant reduction of equipment needed for geotechnical field investigation is presented. The proposed method is based on an additional measurement of the torque during testing. It then becomes possible to estimate the undrained shear strength, cuWST of the soil, using the correlation given in this paper. The research results presented in this paper were carried out on selected cohesive soils, Miocene clays from the Carpathian Foredeep.
Testing of Confining Pressure Impacton Explosion Energy of Explosive Materials
Authors: Drzewiecki Jan , Myszkowski Jacek , Pytlik Andrzej , Pytlik Mateusz
Published: July 2017

This paper presents the results of testing the explosion effects of two explosive charges placed in an environment with specified values of confining pressure. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of variable environmental conditions on the suitability of particular explosives for their use in the prevention of natural hazards in hard coal mining. The research results will contribute to improving the efficiency of currently adopted technologies of natural hazard prevention and aid in raising the level of occupational safety. To carry out the subject matter measurements, a special test stand was constructed which allows the value of the initial pressure inside the chamber, which constitutes its integral part, to be altered before the detonation of the charge being tested. The obtained characteristics of the pressure changes during the explosion of the analysed charge helped to identify the work (energy) which was produced during the process. The test results are a valuable source of information, opening up new possibilities for the use of explosives, the development of innovative solutions for the construction of explosive charges and their initiation.
Analysis of Bonds as an Instrument for Financing Mining Investments
Authors: Ranosz Robert
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this article is to examine the structure of financing for mining enterprises in the years 2007-2013, with particular emphasis on bonds. The document pays special attention to Polish mining enterprises. The financing structure analysis was based on data collected from financial statements (cash flows) of the largest mining companies in Poland, and their comparison with the results of global mining enterprises pursuant to reports prepared by international advisory firms. The article takes into account capital sources such as: corporate bonds, bank loans and issue of shares. As indicated by the performed analysis, mining enterprises both around the world and in Poland are increasingly eager to take advantage of obtaining business financing from issue of corporate bonds. It should also be recognized that in the analyzed period, both global and Polish mining enterprises deviate from forms of financing such as issue of shares. This may be caused by the fact that the bonds market in Poland is becoming increasingly popular, mainly due to interest rate on bonds being lower in comparison with bank loans. Another reason may be that banks and potential buyers of shares are less eager to finance this type of investment due to a relatively substantial risk acceptable to bondholders.
Analysis of Access to Public Support for Agriculture Modernisation from Rural Development Programme
Authors: Bajramovic Sabahudin , Jankovic Dejan , Stankovic Sladjan , Moisa Sebastian , Salasan Cosmin
Published: July 2017

The most popular measure of the National Rural Development Programme in Romania for 2007-2013 was the measure 121 addressing the support for modernisation of agriculture While the success at the level of the Programme is measured by the achievement level of the assumed indicators the present analysis is focused on differences between the volumes of proposed, selected, contracted and concluded projects. These differences as observations and findings contribute as learning points to the further use of public support for investments in agriculture by three main categories of users: the administration with the procedural enhancement in programme implementation, the beneficiaries improving their approach and readiness for applications/projects and the consultants in perfecting their tools and work to support and smoothen the resources transfer in the process.
Research Regarding Food Security in Georgia – Dynamics of Livestock, Animal Productions and Self-Sufficiency
Authors: Jangulashvili Tamar , Balan Ioana Mihaela , Iancu Tiberiu , Jangulashvili Levan , Pirvulescu Luminita
Published: July 2017

Georgia, the country at the intersection of Europe and Asia, is an important actor on agricultural market, both from Europe and from Asia. The climate of Georgia makes it ideal for growing cereals for animal productions. This climate and the high quality of soil have made the agriculture one of the most important Georgian sectors. The mixed team of researchers from Georgia and Romania has analysed the dynamics of livestock and animal productions in Georgia in order to highlight their future trends and the level of food security in that country.
Relationship between Body Condition and some Reproductive Parameters of Holstein Cattle
Authors: Gráff Myrtill , Süli Ágnes , Szilágyi Szabina , Mikó Edit
Published: July 2017

The body condition scoring system (BCS) is a means of accurately determining body condition of dairy cows, independent of body weight and farm size. The body condition scores represent a subjective visual or tactile (or both) evaluation of the amount of subcutaneous fat in a cow. The system is a useful method of evaluating body energy reserves and is used widely for evaluating nutritional status in dairy cows. The different stages of lactation have different recommended scores. BCS change during the lactation period depends on the milk production, reproduction and health status. Extreme body condition loss in the early lactation can cause irregular heats, longer time to first ovulation, and fail to conceive. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of BCS on Holstein cows’ reproduction. The relationship between some BCS parameters: BCS at calving (BCSc), minimum BCS after calving (BCSmin) and the reduction of BCS after calving (BCSr) on one hand and three reproductive parameters: the days from calving to first service (DFS), number of inseminations to conception (NIC), and days open (DO) on the other hand were studied in three private dairy farms in South Hungary. BCS were determined monthly during milk recording. A total of 786 records of Holstein cows from 1 to 3 lactation were evaluated. DFS was significantly (P<5%) influenced by BCSs and BCSmin. The number of inseminations to conception (NIC) varied according to the individual cow. In the present study was between 1 and 12. The most favourable DO values were observed in the group having >3.5 BCSc (150.04 days), the group with 3.0-3.5 BCSmin (138.92) and the group having >1 BCSr. There was no significant relationship found between DO and the BCS groups.
The World Digital Library
Authors: Oudenaren John Van
Published: July 2017

The World Digital Library (WDL) is a project to place online rare and unique cultural documents from libraries and other cultural institutions around the world. The WDL website, which was developed and is maintained by the Library of Congress, emphasizes multilingualism, curatorial selection and description of the content presented, and a high level of functionality.
Schulbibliotheken in der bibliothekarischen Literatur kontra Schulbibliotheken in der Praxis
Authors: Schuldt Karsten , Mumenthaler Rudolf , Vardanyan Ekaterina
Published: July 2017

In der bibliothekarischen Literatur hat sich seit einigen Jahrzehnten eine bestimmte Vorstellung davon etabliert, wie moderne, gut ausgestattete Schulbibliotheken aussehen sollten. Diese Vorstellung bestimmt, was in Bezug auf Schulbibliotheken gefordert wird. Eine Studie zum Status Quo der Volksschulbibliotheken in St. Gallen zeigte, dass es auch in Schulsystemen eine Vorstellung von Schulbibliotheken gibt, die sich fundamental von der bibliothekarischen Vorstellung unterscheiden kann. Dieser Artikel stellt diese beiden Vorstellungen gegenüber und diskutiert, was sich aus den aufgezeigten Differenzen für die bibliothekarische Diskussion ergibt.
Die Sammlung für Plansprachen und das Esperantomuseum der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek – Geschichte, Bestand und Projekte
Authors: Tuider Bernhard
Published: July 2017

Durch eine neunzigjährige Sammeltätigkeit entwickelten sich die Sammlung für Plansprachen und das Esperantomuseum – gegründet 1927 als Internationales Esperanto-Museum – zur weltweit größten Fachbibliothek für Plansprachen und Interlinguistik. Die Sammlung ist nicht nur Bibliothek und Museum, sondern seit ihrer Gründung werden auch Archivalien gesammelt.
Maria Theresia sagt: Danke!
Authors: Zauner Thomas
Published: July 2017

Die Österreichische Nationalbibliothek startete als erste Nationalbibliothek im deutschsprachigen Raum eine Crowdfunding-Aktion. Von 20. Oktober bis 22. November 2016 konnten Interessierte auf www.wemakeit.com zur Restaurierung eines wertvollen Buches aus der Zeit Maria Theresias beitragen. Schon nach drei Wochen war das Finanzierungsziel von 15 500 Euro erreicht, bis zum Ende der Aktion haben 166 Personen insgesamt 26 315 Euro gespendet.
Wohin geht die Reise? – Bibliothekspolitik am Anfang des 21. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Mittler Elmar
Published: July 2017

Nach einem kurzen Rückblick auf das Goldene Zeitalter der Bibliotheken im letzten Drittel des 20. Jahrhunderts werden Gefährdungen der gegenwärtigen Situation angesprochen: Die scheinbare Ubiquität der Informationsmedien im Internet schwächt die Rolle der Bibliotheken. Das zeigt sich u. a. beim Fehlen einer Strategie für die Langzeitarchivierung. Für die Zukunft wird der radikale Wandel von der Bibliothekarsbibliothek zur Nutzerbibliothek für nötig gehalten; dazu können z. B. die Schnittstellen zwischen Personal und Nutzern bei der Erwerbung elektronischer Literatur (PDA) oder das Schaffen von kreativen Freiräumen wie Makerspaces dienen. Neue Visionen der Bibliothek der Zukunft sind notwendig, die ähnlich dem „Bibliotheksplan 1973“ und „Bibliotheken ‘93“ konsequent in der Öffentlichkeit vertreten werden müssen, um die Rolle der Bibliotheken zu stärken.
Prosthetics in paediatric dentistry
Authors: Vulićević Zoran , Beloica Miloš , Kosanović Dušan , Radović Ivana , Juloski Jelena , Ivanović Dragan
Published: July 2017

Premature loss of teeth in children may lead to both functional and esthetic problems. Missing teeth in both anterior and posterior regions may cause malfunctions in mastication and proper pronunciation. If the missing teeth are not replaced, further complications may occur, including adjacent tooth migration, loss of alveolar bone, and irregular occlusion. Considering the sensitive nature of children, loss of teeth may cause the development of insecurities and low self esteem problems. Due to dynamic nature of growth in children and adolescents, prosthetic appliances must not hinder development of orofacial system, and must meet adequate esthetic and functional standards. Dental prosthetic appliances in paediatrics must be planned with respect to the special conditions that led to tooth loss or damage. Multi-disciplinary approach is needed, under constant supervision of paediatric dentist and orthodontist, as well as regular checkups with clinical and radiographical examinations.
Lichenicolous fungi new to Orenburg region, southern part of European Russia
Authors: Tsurykau Andrei , Travkin Vladimir P. , Korchikov Evgeny S.
Published: July 2017

Twenty two species of lichenicolous fungi are reported as new to Orenburg region. Of these, Didymocyrtis cladoniicola is new to European Russia; Lichenoconium lichenicola, Marchandiomyces corallinus, Merismatium decolorans, Phoma peltigerae and Roselliniella cladoniae are new to the southern part of European Russia.
Four species of saxicolous lichenized fungi new to Latvia
Authors: Moisejevs Rolands , Degtjarenko Polina
Published: July 2017

Four species of saxicolous and acidophilous lichens - Dermatocarpon miniatum, Trapelia coarctata, Trapelia placodioides, and Umbilicaria hirsuta found on different types of granite boulders were reported as new to Latvian lichen biota. Data on substratum geology, accompanying species, microhabitat and distribution in neighbouring to Latvia countries are provided.
Analytical evaluation of the new Beckman Coulter Access high sensitivity cardiac troponin I immunoassay
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Ferrari Anna , Gandini Giorgio , Gelati Matteo , Lo Cascio Claudia , Salvagno Gian Luca
Published: July 2017

Background:

This study was aimed to evaluate the analytical performance of the novel chemiluminescent and fully-automated Beckman Coulter Access hsTnI high-sensitivity immunoassay for measurement of cardiac troponin I (cTnI).

Methods:

The study, using lithium heparin samples, included assessment of limit of blank (LOB), limit of detection (LOD), functional sensitivity, linearity, imprecision (within run, between-run and total), calculation of 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL) in 175 healthy blood donors (mean age, 36±12 years; 47% women) and comparison with two other commercial cTnI immunoassays.

Results:

The LOB, LOD and functional sensitivity of Access hsTnI were 0.14, 0.34 and 1.35 ng/L, respectively. The within-run, between-run and total imprecision was 2.2%–2.9%, 4.6%–5.4%, and 5.4%–6.1%, respectively. The linearity was excellent in the range of cTnI values between 0.95 and 4195 ng/L (r=1.00). The 99th percentile URL was 15.8 ng/L. Measurable cTnI values were found in 173/175 healthy subjects (98.9%). Good agreement of cTnI values was found with AccuTnI+3 (r=0.97; mean bias, −9.3%), whereas less satisfactory agreement was found with Siemens Dimension Vista cTnI (r=0.95; mean bias, −55%).

Conclusions:

The results of our evaluation of the Beckman Coulter Access hsTnI indicate that the analytical performance of this fully-automated immunoassay is excellent.
Seed Yield Increase in Niger Crop in to Relation to Honeybee and Other Pollinators
Authors: Sandipan Prashant B. , Jagtap P.K. , Patel M.C. , Solanki B.P. , Sharma Sapana R. , Rathod N.
Published: July 2017

Niger (Guizotia abyssinicaCass) is an important minor oilseed crop of hilly and tribal regions and it is used for oil as well as for various other purposes only by the tribal people. Therefore, a systematic study was arranged to document about the increase in the seed yield of niger crop in relation to honeybees (Aphis mellifera), as a pollinator in niger crop with paired plot technique at the Niger Research Station (NRS) at Navsari Agricultural University (NAU) and at farmer’s field, Vanarasi, Navsari, Gujarat (India) and also studied its relation in terms of cost benefit ratio (CB). The trial was conducted at Niger Research Station (NRS), Vanarasi for 3 years (2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16) and also at farmer's field to ascertain the role and involvement of honey bees (Aphis mellifera) in swelling the seed yield of niger crop (due to pollination) and its effect on income due to increase in the niger seed yield. Significant differences were observed for number of capitula/plant, number of seeds/capitula, 1000 seed weight and seed yield in both the location for the consecutive 3 years. However, the seed yield and gross returns were considerably higher in first location of T1Natural plot/open pollinated with beehive (Aphis mellifera)in all the 3 years data with the maximum seed yield with the gross return was obtained in this treatment.