bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning-Based Behavioral Diagnostic Tools for Depression: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Richter Thalia , Fishbain Barak , Richter-Levin Gal , Okon-Singer Hadas
Published: September 2021

The psychiatric diagnostic procedure is currently based on self-reports that are subject to personal biases. Therefore, the diagnostic process would benefit greatly from data-driven tools that can enhance accuracy and specificity. In recent years, many studies have achieved promising results in detecting and diagnosing depression based on machine learning (ML) analysis. Despite these favorable results in depression diagnosis, which are primarily based on ML analysis of neuroimaging data, most patients do not have access to neuroimaging tools. Hence, objective assessment tools are needed that can be easily integrated into the routine psychiatric diagnostic process. One solution is to use behavioral data, which can be easily collected while still maintaining objectivity. The current paper summarizes the main ML-based approaches that use behavioral data in diagnosing depression and other psychiatric disorders. We classified these studies into two main categories: (a) laboratory-based assessments and (b) data mining, the latter of which we further divided into two sub-groups: (i) social media usage and movement sensors data and (ii) demographic and clinical information. The paper discusses the advantages and challenges in this field and suggests future research directions and implementations. The paper’s overarching aim is to serve as a first step in synthetizing existing knowledge about ML-based behavioral diagnosis studies in order to develop interventions and individually tailored treatments in the future.
Capsaicin 8% Patch and Chronic Postsurgical Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Giaccari Luca Gregorio , Aurilio Caterina , Coppolino Francesco , Pace Maria Caterina , Passsavanti Maria Beatrice , Pota Vincenzo , Sansone Pasquale
Published: September 2021

(1) Background: Surgery is a frequent cause of persistent pain, defined chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP). The capsaicin 8% patch (Qutenza®) is approved for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) of the feet. We propose a review of the literature on use of the capsaicin 8% patch to treat neuropathic pain associated with surgery; (2) Methods: We identified the articles by searching electronic databases using a combination of such terms as “capsaicin 8% patch”, “Qutenza®”, and “chronic postsurgical pain”; (3) Results: We identified 14 selected studies reporting on a total of 632 CPSP cases treated with capsaicin 8% patch. Treatment with the capsaicin 8% patch significantly reduced the average pain intensity. Only 5 studies reported adverse events (AEs) after the patch application. The most common AEs were erythema, burning sensation and pain; (4) Conclusions: Our review indicate that capsaicin 8% patch treatment for CPSP is effective, safe and well tolerated, but randomized controlled trials on efficacy, safety and tolerability should be conducted.
NLRP3 Inflammasome Is Involved in Cocaine-Mediated Potentiation on Behavioral Changes in CX3CR1-Deficient Mice
Authors: Guo Ming-Lei , Chivero Ernest T. , Callen Shannon E. , Buch Shilpa
Published: September 2021

Microglia, the primary immunocompetent cells of the brain, are suggested to play a role in the development of drug addiction. Previous studies have identified the microglia-derived pro-inflammatory factor IL1β can promote the progression of cocaine addiction. Additionally, the activation status of microglia and “two-hit hypothesis” have been proposed in the field of drug addiction to explain how early life stress (ELS) could significantly increase the incidence of drug addiction in later life. However, the mechanisms underlying microglia prime and full activation and their roles in drug addiction remain greatly unexplored. Here, we employed CX3CR1-GFP mice (CX3CR1 functional deficiency, CX3CR1−/−) to explore whether primed microglia could potentiate cocaine-mediated behavioral changes and the possible underlying mechanisms. CX3CR1−/− mice revealed higher hyperlocomotion activity and conditional place preference than wild-type (WT) mice did under cocaine administration. In parallel, CX3CR1−/− mice showed higher activity of NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome than WT mice. Interestingly, CX3CR1 deficiency itself could prime NLRP3 signaling by increasing the expression of NLPR3 and affect lysosome biogenesis under basal conditions. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that the functional status of microglia could have an impact on cocaine-mediated reward effects, and NLRP3 inflammasome activity was associated with this phenomenon. This study was consistent with the two-hit hypothesis and provided solid evidence to support the involvement of microglia in drug addiction. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome may represent a novel therapeutic approach for ameliorating or blocking the development of drug addiction.
Does 3D-Assisted Acetabular Fracture Surgery Improve Surgical Outcome and Physical Functioning?—A Systematic Review
Authors: Meesters Anne M. L. , Trouwborst Neeltje M. , de Vries Jean-Paul P. M. , Kraeima Joep , Witjes Max J. H. , Doornberg Job N. , Reininga Inge H. F. , IJpma Frank F. A. , ten Duis Kaj
Published: September 2021

Three-dimensional technology is increasingly being used in acetabular fracture treatment. No systematic reviews are available about the added clinical value of 3D-assisted acetabular fracture surgery compared to conventional surgery. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether 3D-assisted acetabular fracture surgery compared to conventional surgery improves surgical outcomes in terms of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy usage, complications, and postoperative fracture reduction, and whether it improves physical functioning. Pubmed and Embase databases were searched for articles on 3D technologies in acetabular fracture surgery, published between 2010 and February 2021. The McMaster critical review form was used to assess the methodological quality. Differences between 3D-assisted and conventional surgery were evaluated using the weighted mean and odds ratios. Nineteen studies were included. Three-dimensional-assisted surgery resulted in significantly shorter operation times (162.5 ± 79.0 versus 296.4 ± 56.0 min), less blood loss (697.9 ± 235.7 mL versus 1097.2 ± 415.5 mL), and less fluoroscopy usage (9.3 ± 5.9 versus 22.5 ± 20.4 times). The odds ratios of complications and fracture reduction were 0.5 and 0.4 for functional outcome in favour of 3D-assisted surgery, respectively. Three-dimensional-assisted surgery reduces operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy usage, and complications. Evidence for the improvement of fracture reduction and functional outcomes is limited.
Physiological Responses at Rest and Exercise to High Altitude in Lowland Children and Adolescents
Authors: Lang Morin , Vizcaíno-Muñoz Guillem , Jopia Paulina , Silva-Urra Juan , Viscor Ginés
Published: September 2021

During the last decades, the number of lowland children exposed to high altitude (HA) has increased drastically. Several factors may influence the development of illness after acute HA exposure on children and adolescent populations, such as altitude reached, ascent velocity, time spent at altitude and, especially, their age. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the resting cardiorespiratory physiological and submaximal exercise responses under natural HA conditions by means of the six-minute walking test (six MWT). Secondly, we aimed to identify the signs and symptoms associated with acute mountain sickness (AMS) onset after acute HA exposure in children and adolescents. Forty-two children and adolescents, 18 boys and 24 girls aged from 11 to 15 years old, participated in this study, which was performed at sea level (SL) and during the first 42 h at HA (3330 m). The Lake Louise score (LLS) was recorded in order to evaluate the evolution of AMS symptoms. Submaximal exercise tests (six MWT) were performed at SL and HA. Physiological parameters such as heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate and arterialized oxygen saturation were measured at rest and after ending exercise testing at the two altitudes. After acute HA exposure, the participants showed lower arterial oxygen saturation levels at rest and after the submaximal test compared to SL (p < 0.001). Resting heart rate, respiratory rate and diastolic blood pressure presented higher values at HA (p < 0.01). Moreover, heart rate, diastolic blood pressure and dyspnea values increased before, during and after exercise at HA (p < 0.01). Moreover, submaximal exercise performance decreased at HA (p < 0.001). The AMS incidence at HA ranged from 9.5% to 19%, with mild to moderate symptoms. In conclusion, acute HA exposure in children and adolescent individuals produces an increase in basal cardiorespiratory parameters and a decrement in arterial oxygen saturation. Moreover, cardiorespiratory parameters increase during submaximal exercise at HA. Mild to moderate symptoms of AMS at 3330 m and adequate cardiovascular responses to submaximal exercise do not contraindicate the ascension of children and adolescents to that altitude, at least for a limited period of time.
Understanding Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: Beyond Allergic Mechanisms
Authors: Sacchetti Marta , Plateroti Rocco , Bruscolini Alice , Giustolisi Rosalia , Marenco Marco
Published: September 2021

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic, recurrent, inflammatory disease of the cornea and conjunctiva mostly affecting boys in prepubertal age. VKC recurrence is characterized by intense symptoms of itching, redness, and photophobia associated with corneal damage, impairment of visual function, and quality of life. The pathogenesis of VKC has not yet been completely understood, and it is still controversial. In fact, VKC is considered an ocular allergic disease due to the involvement of immunoglobulin E, eosinophils, and mast cells, and of a lymphocyte T-helper type 2 reaction. However, approximately half of VKC patients have negative allergological history and testing, suggesting that other pathogenic mechanisms participate in VKC development and severity. Specifically, evidence suggests that genetic, endocrine, neuronal factors and an imbalance of innate immunity are involved in the pathogenesis of VKC. The purpose of this review is to summarize evidence on the pathogenic role of innate immunity, neuroimmune reaction, and hormonal changes in VKC. Increasing understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms behind VKC may lead to the identification of novel biomarkers for diagnosis and/or potential therapeutic targets in order to improve the management of this challenging condition.
Electrocardiogram Quality Assessment with a Generalized Deep Learning Model Assisted by Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Zhou Xue , Zhu Xin , Nakamura Keijiro , Noro Mahito
Published: September 2021

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely used for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and daily health monitoring. Before ECG analysis, ECG quality screening is an essential but time-consuming and experience-dependent work for technicians. An automatic ECG quality assessment method can reduce unnecessary time loss to help cardiologists perform diagnosis. This study aims to develop an automatic quality assessment system to search qualified ECGs for interpretation. The proposed system consists of data augmentation and quality assessment parts. For data augmentation, we train a conditional generative adversarial networks model to get an ECG segment generator, and thus to increase the number of training data. Then, we pre-train a deep quality assessment model based on a training dataset composed of real and generated ECG. Finally, we fine-tune the proposed model using real ECG and validate it on two different datasets composed of real ECG. The proposed system has a generalized performance on the two validation datasets. The model’s accuracy is 97.1% and 96.4%, respectively for the two datasets. The proposed method outperforms a shallow neural network model, and also a deep neural network models without being pre-trained by generated ECG. The proposed system demonstrates improved performance in the ECG quality assessment, and it has the potential to be an initial ECG quality screening tool in clinical practice.
Erratum: Hagen et al. Unilateral Optic Nerve Sheath Fenestration in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A 6-Month Follow-Up Study on Visual Outcome and Prognostic Markers. Life 2021, 11, 778
Authors: Hagen Snorre Malm , Wegener Marianne , Toft Peter Bjerre , Fugleholm Kåre , Jensen Rigmor Højland , Hamann Steffen
Published: September 2021

It has come to our attention that there has been an error in the previous work [...]
Hydrogel Preparation Methods and Biomaterials for Wound Dressing
Authors: Su Jingjing , Li Jiankang , Liang Jiaheng , Zhang Kun , Li Jingan
Published: September 2021

Wounds have become one of the causes of death worldwide. The metabolic disorder of the wound microenvironment can lead to a series of serious symptoms, especially chronic wounds that bring great pain to patients, and there is currently no effective and widely used wound dressing. Therefore, it is important to develop new multifunctional wound dressings. Hydrogel is an ideal dressing candidate because of its 3D structure, good permeability, excellent biocompatibility, and ability to provide a moist environment for wound repair, which overcomes the shortcomings of traditional dressings. This article first briefly introduces the skin wound healing process, then the preparation methods of hydrogel dressings and the characteristics of hydrogel wound dressings made of natural biomaterials and synthetic materials are introduced. Finally, the development prospects and challenges of hydrogel wound dressings are discussed.
Demographic, Clinical and Immunogenetic Profiles of a Greek Cohort of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Detsika Maria. G. , Giatra Chara , Kitsiou Vasiliki , Jahaj Edison , Athanassiades Theofilos , Kouniaki Diamanto , Orfanos Stylianos E. , Dimopoulou Ioanna , Pagoni Maria , Tarassi Katerina , Tsirogianni Alexandra , Kotanidou Anastasia
Published: September 2021

The present cross-sectional study consists of a comprehensive analysis of epidemiological, laboratory, and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in relation to their immunogenetic profiles. We studied 125 COVID-19 patients comprising different stages of disease severity; non-hospitalized (mild n = 69) and hospitalized (n = 56). Analysis of disease characteristics revealed no major differences between males and females of each group of patients while hospitalized patients were older and presented with comorbidities. A positive allele association was observed for HLA-DRB1*01 in total COVID-19 patients versus healthy controls. Subgrouping of COVID-19 patients in mild and hospitalized further identified a statistically significant increase in HLA-DRB1*01 in mild COVID-19 patients versus controls. The frequency of A*11, A*23, and DRB1*09 alleles was higher, while the frequency of C*12 was lower, in hospitalized patients versus healthy controls albeit with uncorrected statistical significance. The identification of specific allele associations may provide useful future markers for disease susceptibility in order to allow successful clinical management of COVID-19 patients.
Printing of Zirconia Parts via Fused Filament Fabrication
Authors: Nötzel Dorit , Eickhoff Ralf , Pfeifer Christoph , Hanemann Thomas
Published: September 2021

In this work, a process chain for the fabrication of dense zirconia parts will be presented covering the individual steps feedstock compounding, 3D printing via Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) and thermal postprocessing including debinding and sintering. A special focus was set on the comprehensive rheological characterization of the feedstock systems applying high-pressure capillary and oscillation rheometry. The latter allowed the representation of the flow situation especially in the nozzle of the print head with the occurring low-shear stress. Oscillation rheometry enabled the clarification of the surfactant’s concentration, here stearic acid, or more general, the feedstocks composition influence on the resulting feedstock flow behavior. Finally, dense ceramic parts (best values around 99 % of theory) were realized with structural details smaller than 100 µm.
The Preparation of Dense Materials in the MgO–ZrO2 System by the Application of Nanometric Powders
Authors: Wojteczko Kamil , Haberko Krzysztof , Berent Katarzyna , Rutkowski Paweł , Bućko Mirosław M. , Pędzich Zbigniew
Published: September 2021

Crystallization under hydrothermal conditions allowed us to prepare nanometric powders in the MgO–ZrO2 system of different magnesia concentrations. Sintering runs of these powder compacts studied using dilatometry measurements during heating and cooling revealed essential differences in their behavior. The microstructure of the resulting polycrystal is strongly related to the magnesia content in the starting powder, which strongly influences the phase composition of the resulting material and its mechanical properties. It should be emphasized that the novel processing method of such materials differs from the usual applied technology and leads to magnesia–zirconia materials of a different microstructure than that of “classical” materials of this kind.
Microstructural Tailoring and Enhancement in Compressive Properties of Additive Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy through Heat Treatment
Authors: Ahn Byungmin
Published: September 2021

Among laser additive manufacturing, selective laser melting (SLM) is one of the most popular methods to produce 3D printing products. The SLM process creates a product by selectively dissolving a layer of powder. However, due to the layerwise printing of metal powders, the initial microstructure is fully acicular α′-martensitic, and mechanical properties of the resultant product are often compromised. In this study, Ti-6Al-4V alloy was prepared using SLM method. The effect of heat treatment was carried out on as-built SLM Ti-6Al-4V alloy from 650–1000 °C to study respective changes in the morphology of α/α′-martensite and mechanical properties. The phase transition temperature was also analyzed through differential thermal analysis (DTA), and the microstructural studies were undertaken by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties were assessed by microhardness and compressive tests before and after heat treatment. The results showed that heat treated samples resulted in a reduction in interior defects and pores and turned the morphology of the α′-martensite into a lamellar (α + β) structure. The strength was significantly reduced after heat treatment, but the elongation was improved due to the reduction in columnar α′-martensite phase. An optimum set of strength and elongation was found at 900 °C.
Estimation of Iron Ore Pellet Softening in a Blast Furnace with Computational Thermodynamics
Authors: Iljana Mikko , Heikkinen Eetu-Pekka , Fabritius Timo
Published: September 2021

In blast furnaces it is desirable for the burden to hold a lumpy packed structure at as high a temperature as possible. The computational thermodynamic software FactSage (version 7.2, Thermfact/CRCT, Montreal, Canada and GTT-Technologies, Aachen, Germany) was used here to study the softening behavior of blast furnace pellets. The effects of the main slag-forming components (SiO2, MgO, CaO and Al2O3) on liquid formation were estimated by altering the chemical composition of a commercial acid pellet. The phase equilibria for five-component FeO-SiO2-CaO-MgO-Al2O3 systems with constant contents for three slag-forming components were computed case by case and the results were used to estimate the formation of liquid phases. The main findings of this work suggested several practical means for the postponement of liquid formation at higher temperatures: (1) reducing the SiO2 content; (2) increasing the MgO content; (3) reducing the Al2O3 content; and (4) choosing suitable CaO contents for the pellets. Additionally, the olivine phase (mainly the fayalitic type) and its dissolution into the slag determined the amount of the first-formed slag, which formed quickly after the onset of softening. This had an important effect on the acid pellets, in which the amount of the first-formed slag varied between 10 and 40 wt.%, depending on the pellets’ SiO2 content.
High-Temperature Deformation Behaviors of the C-Doped and N-Doped High Entropy Alloys
Authors: Yi Hailong , Zhang Yifan , Xie Renyi , Bi Mengyuan , Wei Daixiu
Published: September 2021

High entropy alloys (HEAs) containing multi-principal metallic constituents have attracted much attention. A good understanding of their hot-deformation behavior and recrystallization mechanism is the prerequisite for microstructures tuning and for optimizing mechanical performance. Here, the flow behavior and recrystallization mechanism of the N-doped and C-doped face-centered cubic phase HEAs are produced at high temperatures by hot-compression at 1123–1273 K, with strain rates of 0.1–0.001 s−1. Constitutive equations were successfully constructed to reveal flow behavior, and stress-strain curves were predicted using strain compensated polynomial functions. Discontinuous and continuous dynamic recrystallization proceeded concurrently when compressed at a low temperature and high strain rate, whereas discontinuous recrystallization, which occurs at primary grain boundaries, became predominant at a high temperature and low strain rate, significantly contributing to the refinement and homogenization of the grains. For this reason, a relatively high temperature and a low strain rate, in which the recrystallized grains exhibit equiaxed morphology and very weak texture, are more suitable for refining grains. The average size of the grains was approximately 10 μm. This study sheds light on grain optimization and mechanical properties through thermomechanical processing.
Effect of Negative Bias Voltage on Tribological Properties under High Relative Humidity Environment and Corrosion Resistance of Boron Carbide Coatings
Authors: Zhong Ping , Cao Xueqian , Shang Lunlin
Published: September 2021

Humid air is a very important service environment, in which metal friction parts should be enhanced to offer excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance. The B4C coating is an excellent candidate material to enhance the corrosion resistance and tribological behaviors. The purpose is to investigate the effect of negative bias voltages on the tribological properties of B4C coatings under a high relative humidity environment. Amorphous B4C coatings were successfully prepared by closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering technology and its microstructure, hardness, elastic modulus, adhesive force and tribological properties were systematically studied. Results demonstrate that the B4C coatings deposited at each negative bias voltage have a columnar structure and the surface roughness remained unchanged (about 1.0 nm), while the thickness, hardness, elastic modulus and adhesion force increase first and then decrease with the negative bias voltage increasing. Among them, the B4C (−50 V) coating showed the best mechanical properties. It should be noted that the B4C (−50 V) coating with an excellent corrosion resistance also exhibits the lowest friction coefficient (~0.15) and wear resistance (7.2 × 10−7 mm3·N−1·m−1) under humid air (85% RH). This is mainly due to the tribochemical reaction of B4C during a sliding process to produce boric acid at the sliding interface. B4C coatings can provide an excellent corrosion resistance and high wear resistance due to their high chemical stability and high hardness.
The Corrosion Resistance of Al Film on AZ31 Magnesium Alloys by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Gao Zhengyuan , Yang Dong , Sun Chengjin , Du Lianteng , Zhang Xiang , An Zhiguo
Published: September 2021

Nano Al films were prepared on AZ31 magnesium alloy samples by DC magnetron sputtering. The effects of sputtering power on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of the Al film were investigated. The results show that the surface of aluminum film is dense and polycrystalline state, and it is oriented along the Al (111) crystal plane. The grain size of Al film first increases and then decreases with the increase of sputtering power. When the sputtering power exceeds 100 W, there is no insignificant effect on the orientation of the Al crystals and the corrosion current density of the samples with Al film are reduced by two orders of magnitude. The corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy samples with the Al film magnetron sputtered varies with the sputtering power. Compared with low sputtering power, the Al film sputtered by high power has the most excellent corrosion resistance, but too high sputtering power will lead to micro cracks on the Al film, which will adversely affect the corrosion resistance.
Ultrasonic Treatment as the Route for Grain Refinement of Mg-Al Alloys: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gomes Inês V. , Puga Hélder , Alves José L.
Published: September 2021

In this work, a systematic review of the published literature was conducted, following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, on the ultrasonic treatment of magnesium-aluminium alloys for grain refinement. Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases were used in the literature search, which was finished by the 1st of June 2021. Seventeen articles met the eligibility criteria and were considered in this review, organized according to the type of ultrasonic treatment applied: isothermal (8/17) or continuous (9/17). Summary tables were used to categorize the information gathered from the articles, namely Treatment Conditions, Microstructural and Mechanical Analysis, and Mechanisms Behind Ultrasonic Grain Refining Ability. This systematic review aimed to structure and organize the available information regarding the ultrasonic processing of magnesium-aluminium alloys so new researchers can find a start point for their works and identify potential gaps in this research field.
Gangues and Clays Minerals as Rate-Limiting Factors in Copper Heap Leaching: A Review
Authors: Toro Norman , Ghorbani Yousef , Turan Mehmet Deniz , Robles Pedro , Gálvez Edelmira
Published: September 2021

Heap leaching is a firm extractive metallurgical technology facilitating the economical processing of different kinds of low-grade ores that are otherwise not exploited. Nevertheless, regardless of much development since it was first used, the process advantages are restricted by low recoveries and long extraction times. It is becoming progressively clear that the selection of heap leaching as an appropriate technology to process a specific mineral resource that is both environmentally sound and economically feasible very much relies on having an ample understanding of the essential underlying mechanisms of the processes and how they interrelate with the specific mineralogy of the ore body under concern. This paper provides a critical overview of the role of gangues and clays minerals as rate-limiting factors in copper heap leaching operations. We aim to assess and deliver detailed descriptions and discussions on the relations between different gangues and clays minerals and their impacts on the operational parameters and chemical dynamics in the copper heap leaching processes.
Ternary Copper Complex of L-Glutamine and Phenanthroline as Counterions of Cyclo-Tetravanadate Anion: Experimental–Theoretical Characterization and Potential Antineoplastic Activity
Authors: Corona-Motolinia Nidia D. , Martínez-Valencia Beatriz , Noriega Lisset , Sánchez-Gaytán Brenda L. , Mendoza Angel , Meléndez-Bustamante Francisco J. , Castro María Eugenia , González-Vergara Enrique
Published: September 2021

Over the last decade, therapeutic metallodrugs have become substantially effective in the treatment of cancer. Thus, developing new effective anticancer drugs is a significant research area against the continuing increase in cancers worldwide. In the search for heterobimetallic prodrugs containing V/Cu, a new cyclo-tetravanadate was synthesized and characterized by UV-visible and FTIR spectroscopies and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. L-Glutamine and 1,10-phenanthroline allow the crystallization of [Cu(L-Gln)(phen)(H2O)]4[V4O12]∙8(H2O) (1), in which the cyclo-tetravanadate acts as a free anion. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to characterize the frontier molecular orbitals and molecular electrostatic potential. Global reactivity indexes were calculated and analyzed to give insight into the cyclo-tetravanadate anion and complex counterions interactions. Also, using Bader’s theory of atoms in molecules (AIM), non-covalent interactions were analyzed. Docking analysis with the Casiopeina-like complex resulting from the hydrolysis of compound 1 provided insights into these complex potential anticancer activities by interacting with DNA/tRNA via H-bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The release of both components could act together or separately, acting as prodrugs with potential dual antineoplastic activities.
Effects of Nanopillar Size and Spacing on Mechanical Perturbation and Bactericidal Killing Efficiency
Authors: Velic Amar , Jaggessar Alka , Tesfamichael Tuquabo , Li Zhiyong , Yarlagadda Prasad K. D. V.
Published: September 2021

Nanopatterned surfaces administer antibacterial activity through contact-induced mechanical stresses and strains, which can be modulated by changing the nanopattern’s radius, spacing and height. However, due to conflicting recommendations throughout the theoretical literature with poor agreement to reported experimental trends, it remains unclear whether these key dimensions—particularly radius and spacing—should be increased or decreased to maximize bactericidal efficiency. It is shown here that a potential failure of biophysical models lies in neglecting any out-of-plane effects of nanopattern contact. To highlight this, stresses induced by a nanopattern were studied via an analytical model based on minimization of strain and adhesion energy. The in-plane (areal) and out-of-plane (contact pressure) stresses at equilibrium were derived, as well as a combined stress (von Mises), which comprises both. Contour plots were produced to illustrate which nanopatterns elicited the highest stresses over all combinations of tip radius between 0 and 100 nm and center spacing between 0 and 200 nm. Considering both the in-plane and out-of-plane stresses drastically transformed the contour plots from those when only in-plane stress was evaluated, clearly favoring small tipped, tightly packed nanopatterns. In addition, the effect of changes to radius and spacing in terms of the combined stress showed the best qualitative agreement with previous reported trends in killing efficiency. Together, the results affirm that the killing efficiency of a nanopattern can be maximized by simultaneous reduction in tip radius and increase in nanopattern packing ratio (i.e., radius/spacing). These findings provide a guide for the design of highly bactericidal nanopatterned surfaces.
Observations on a Novel Bacterial Pathogen of Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)
Authors: Ciancio Aurelio
Published: September 2021

A novel Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium (BN) was discovered in second-stage juveniles (J2) of root-knot nematodes (RKN, Meloidogyne spp.). Mature bacteria showed a peculiar rod morphology characterized by four cells sequentially joined at septa. Mature rods measured 4–5 × 0.5–0.6 μm and were characterized by the emptying and tapering of both apical cells. The data showed an electron-dense external matrix forming a coating capsule involved in host attachment. The rods were not motile and packed in parallel inside the J2 body. After J2 penetration by adhering, germinating cells, the bacterium proliferated until the host body content was completely digested, producing a lethal disease. Parasitized hosts were recognized using light microscopy by a pale creamy-brown color assumed at parasitism completion. At death, the whole nematode body was filled with cells and only a few sclerotized esophageal structures (i.e., stylet, median bulb) remained visible. The BN cells were quickly released at host body rupture, suggesting that J2 infection occurs through passive adhesion of cells dispersed in soil. The bacterium appeared fastidious, as attempts to obtain pure cultures on common nutritive media failed.
EFFECT OF PVMC DEADWOOD AND OF PVMC LACTATION ON THE COW REPRODUCTION
Authors: ЛАТЫШЕВА О.В. , ИВАНОВ А.В.
Published: September 2021

Изучено влияние на репродуктивную функцию коров белково-витаминно-минеральных концентратов (БВМК) с кормовой добавкой «AMG-COMPLEX», состоящей из эфирных масел и растительных экстрактов. Для проведения опыта были сформированы контрольная и опытная группы по 70 голов с учетом количества дней до отела из коров второй и третьей стельности. Животным контрольной группы скармливали основной рацион. Для коров опытной группы были составлены рационы с БВМК, которыми заменяли пропорциональное количество концентрированных кормов и часть витаминно-минерального премикса. Они получали БВМК для сухостойных коров в количестве 300 г на 1 голову в сутки с 60-го по 20-й день до отела и по 200 г на 1 голову в сутки с 20-го дня до отела. После отела 60 дней им скармливали БВМК для раздоя в количестве 1200 г на 1 голову в сутки. Использование БВМК в рационах коров опытной группы способствовало улучшению у них репродуктивной функции и снижению частоты гинекологических заболеваний после отела в 4,5 раза. Индекс осеменения в опытной группе составил 1,73 (P≤0,05), что на 0,76 ниже, чем у животных контрольной группы. Средняя продолжительность сервис-периода в опытной группе составила 87,71 дня (P≤0,01) и была короче, чем в контроле, на 14,72 дня.

The effect on the reproductive function of cows of the protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate with the feed additive ʺAMG-COMPLEXʺ, consisting of essential oils and plant extracts, was studied. To experiment, taking into account the number of days before calving, control and experimental group of 70 heads each were formed from cows of the second and third pregnancy. In the scientific and economic experiment, the cows of the control group consumed the feed of the main rations. For the cows of the experimental group rations were made with PVMC, which replaced the proportional amount of concentrated feed and a part of the vitamin-mineral premix. They received PVMC deadwood in the amount of 300 g per 1 head per day from 60th to 20th day before calving and 200 g per 1 head per day 20 days before calving. 60 days after calving they received PVMC lactation in the amount of 1200 g per head per day. Feeding PVMC to cows of the experimental group contributed to the improvement of reproductive function and a decrease in the frequency of gynaecological diseases after calving by 4.5 times. The insemination index in the experimental group was 1.73 (P≤0.05), which is 0.76 lower than in the animals in the control group. The average duration of the service period in the experimental group was 87.71 days (P≤0.01) and was shorter than in the control by 14.72 days.
PREDICTION OF CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC INDICATORS AND THE LEVEL OF MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS
Authors: КРУПИН Е.О.
Published: September 2021

В различные синоптические сроки выявлено количество измерений по индексу температуры и влажности (ТВИ) в животноводческом помещении, при которых у коров наблюдается тепловой стресс. Спрогнозированы данные о температуре тела и частоте дыхания коров в условиях теплового стресса и его отсутствия, в том числе и по четырем срокам измерений. Определен потенциально возможный уровень молочной продуктивности коров при отсутствии теплового стресса. По методу E.C. Thom установлено, в среднем, 80,0% значений ТВИ, характеризующих условия среды как «тепловой стресс». Наблюдалось увеличение доли данных значений с 10 ч утра до 19 ч. По A. Berman et al. Выявлено, в среднем, 10,9% значений ТВИ, а по M.K. Yousef — 5,0%, относящихся к тепловому стрессу. В 15-й синоптический срок измерений по Гринвичу в животноводческом помещении спрогнозирована наибольшая вероятность теплового стресса. Среднее увеличение температуры тела коров с 6-го по 15-й синоптические сроки измерений при тепловом стрессе составит 1,0% (0,4°C, P<0,001), а частоты дыхания — 51,3% (18 дыхательных движений в 1 мин, (P<0,001). Максимальная динамика увеличения температуры тела наблюдается в 13 ч и 16 ч, а частоты дыхания — в 13 ч. Потенциальная молочная продуктивность дойных коров в летние месяцы может быть в среднем на 8,9% выше.

In various synoptic terms in the cowshed room, the amount of measurements of the temperature of the heat and humidity index was revealed when the cows suffer from thermal stress. Data on body temperature and respiration rate of cows in conditions of heat stress and its absence were predicted, including those for four measurement periods. Potentially possible level of milk production of cows in the absence of heat stress was determined. According to E.C. Thom is found on average 80.0% of the values of THI, characterizing environmental conditions as "heat stress". An increase in the share of these values is observed in the period from 10:00 to 19:00. According to A. Berman et al. revealed on average 10.9% of THI values, and according to M.K. Yousef — 5.0% of the THI values related to heat stress. In 15, the synoptic term of measurements in Greenwich in the cowshed, the highest probability of heat stress is predicted. The average increase in body temperature of cows from 6 to 15 synoptic term of measurements in Greenwich heat stress will be 1.0% (0.4°C, P<0.001), and the respiration rate will be 51.3% (18 respiratory movements per minute, P<0.001). The maximum dynamics of an increase in body temperature is observed at 13:00 and 16:00 for body temperature, and respiratory rate at 13:00. The potential milk production of dairy cows in the summer months can be 8.9% higher on average.
EFFICIENCY OF USE OF THE "NEW" AND "OLD" SELECTION ALPHA BULLS’ DESCENDANTS EVALUATED BY GENOME AND OFFSPRING QUALITY
Authors: САКСА Е.И.
Published: September 2021

Дана оценка племенной ценности (ПЦ) потомков быков-лидеров голштинской породы «новой» и «старой» селекций США в условиях хозяйств Ленинградской области. В среднем, повышение молочной продуктивности от использования импортной спермы 68 проверенных по качеству потомства быков составило +79 кг молока (10133 кг, 3,82% жира, 3,23% белка). Наиболее высокий показатель ПЦ по удою — у 18 потомков быков-лидеров «новой» селекции: +175 кг при одинаковом содержании жира и белка в молоке (10673 кг, 3,84% жира, 3,25% белка). У потомков быков-лидеров «старой» селекции ПЦ по удою была ниже и составила +53 кг молока (9989 кг, 3,81% жира, 3,22% белка). Выявлена положительная связь (P<0,001) между ПЦ потомков быков-лидеров, оцененных по геному в США и по качеству потомства в хозяйствах Ленинградской области: по удою +0,634; по содержанию жира в молоке — -0,476; по содержанию белка — +0,444. Приведены предварительные данные о сокращении генерационного интервала между поколениями геномно оцененных быков при использовании их в подборах пар в племзаводе. Выявлено, что при использовании геномно оцененных потомков быков-лидеров высокой ПЦ «старой» селекции можно избежать близкородственного разведения и обеспечить генетическое улучшение животных по селекционным признакам.

Breeding value (BV) evaluation of the descendants of alpha bulls from the “new” and “old” USA’s selections of the Holstein breed under the conditions of the farms located in the Leningrad Region is presented. In average, the increase of milk yield due to the use of imported sperm of 68 bulls with the verified offspring quality amounted to +79 kg of milk (10133 kg; fat — 3.82%; protein — 3.23%). The highest BV parameter by milk yield was registered in 18 descendants of the “new” selection’s alpha bulls: +175 kg with similar fat and protein content of milk (10673 kg; fat — 3.84%; protein — 3.25%). BV of the descendants of the “old” selection’s alpha bulls by milk yield was lower and amounted to +53 kg of milk (9989 kg; fat — 3.81%; protein — 3.22%). A positive relationship (P<0.001) was identified between BV of the descendants of alpha bulls which were evaluated by genome in the USA and by the quality of offspring in the farms of the Leningrad Region: by milk yield — +0.634; by fat content in milk — -0.476; by protein content in milk — +0.444. Preliminary data concerning the reduction of the generation interval between the generations of genome-assessed bulls upon their use for the selection of pairs in the breeding plant was presented. It was found, that the use of genome-assessed descendants of “old” selection’s alpha bulls with the high BV parameter can be carried out avoiding closely related breeding and ensuring genetical improvement of animals by selection traits.
Direct Carotid-Cavernous Fistula with early drainage into inferior petrous sinus
Authors: Leite  de Macêdo Neto Olavo , Menezes Morgado Amanda , Dos Santos Araujo Rafael , Silva Souza José , Da Silva Mendes Ana Carla , Correia Saraiva Júnior José
Published: September 2021

Carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCF) are classified in direct (Barrow A) and indirect. The direct comunication between the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus defines direct CCF. In the present case, is described a 51-year-old female patient, diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage through head tomography. The patient underwent an agiographic study, wen was identified a large dissecant aneurysm in the right internal carotid artery and a direct CCF with early drainage into the ophthalmic vein and inferior petrous sinus, manifesting paralysis of the third cranial nerve.
Associação entre os fatores de risco para os transtornos mentais comuns em estudantes de fisioterapia
Authors: Araújo Cardoso Dias Biatriz , Silva Castro Aline , Pimenta da Costa Cristiane de Fátima , Silva Campos Jamylle , Do Nascimento de Aviz Leonardo Breno , Silva Cardoso Náthila Lorrana , Vasconcelos Wu Shaumin , Dos Reis Cardoso Norma Sueli , Homobono Nobre Angélica , Dias George Alberto da Silva
Published: September 2021

RESUMO
Objetivo. Relacionar os fatores de risco para os transtornos mentais comuns em estudantes de diferentes períodos do curso de Fisioterapia pertencentes ao ensino por metodologia ativa e tradicional. Método. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo e analítico, do tipo transversal, no qual participaram 123 discentes do curso de Fisioterapia, com aplicação de questionário sociodemográfico e o Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Resultado. Participaram do estudo 72 alunos inseridos na metodologia ativa (MA) e 51 ainda pertencentes a metodologia tradicional (MT). A maioria dos alunos são de etnia parda, solteiros e com renda familiar de 2 a 6 salários, realizam atividade extracurricular, e um número considerável de alunos não realizam nenhuma atividade de lazer e nem pratica atividade física. Foi possível observar que houve grande número de casos suspeitos de transtornos mentais (p=0,005). Em ambos os sexos foi possível notar que aqueles alunos que não praticam atividade física aumentam em 2,85 vezes a chance de transtorno mental. Conclusão. Pode-se concluir que os alunos que não praticam atividade física aumentam em 2,85 vezes a chance de desenvolver transtorno mental. E quando estratificado por sexo e metodologia de ensino, as alunas pertencentes a metodologia ativa aumentam em 4,8 vezes a chance de desenvolver transtorno mental.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE CUIDADORES DE CRIANÇAS COM MICROCEFALIA: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Delfino Fernanda Araújo de Paula , da Silva Débora Alves , Guimarães Mariana Mila , da Silva Gabriela Nunes , Pedrosa Leila Aparecida Kauchakje , Ferreira Lucia Aparecida
Published: September 2021

As pessoas portadoras de deficiências que afetam o sistema cerebral possuem limitações que dificultam suas atividades rotineiras, tornando-as dependentes dos cuidadores para lhes proporcionar melhores condições de sobrevivência e qualidade de vida. Ao encontro disso, nota-se que o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida desses cuidadores influenciam diretamente na assistência desses pacientes. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza descritiva, baseado em um relato de experiência de um Enfermeiro que buscou compreender os aspectos relacionados à qualidade de vida de cuidadores de crianças portadoras de microcefalia em um município do interior de Minas Gerais, através de relatórios encaminhados pelas Esquipes de Saúde da Família. Nota-se, através da vivência do enfermeiro, que a mãe é a principal cuidadora dessa criança e abdica-se de viver sua própria vida em função dos cuidados que esses filhos necessitam, demonstrando sobrecarga em relação ao cuidado, além de estresse e desgaste físico e emocional. Diante dos achados, conclui-se que essas mães necessitam de uma atenção voltada à sua saúde física e mental e que são necessários mais estudos voltados à essa temática, afim de que haja maiores subsídios para a melhora da qualidade de vida destes indivíduos.
New Families of Bi-Univalent Functions Governed by Gegenbauer Polynomials
Authors: Wanas Abbas Kareem
Published: September 2021

The aim of this article is to initiating an exploration of the properties of bi-univalent functions related to Gegenbauer polynomials. To do so, we introduce a new families \mathbb{T}_\Sigma (\gamma, \phi, \mu, \eta, \theta, \gimel, t, \delta) and \mathbb{S}_\Sigma (\sigma, \eta, \theta, \gimel, t, \delta ) of holomorphic and bi-univalent functions. We derive estimates on the initial coefficients and solve the Fekete-Szeg problem of functions in these families.
DEVELOPMENT IN CAD OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF A FOREST PLANTING MACHINES
Authors: Drapalyuk Mikhail , Bukhtoyarov Leonid , Yur'ev Nikita
Published: September 2021

Currently, the reforestation process has a number of disadvantages, such as the need to use manual labor during the distribution and planting of seedlings; mechanisms for planting seedlings are often equipped with tractors as traction means.
The creation of furrows and the preparation of the soil immediately before planting affects the energy consumption of the implements’ drives. At the moment, the inefficiency of planting work is high, since the planting of seedlings with a closed root system occurs in conjunction with a plow. All these factors, when calculated for a long-term period, lead to greater energy consumption when carrying out this type of work.
This article discusses approaches to the mechanization of the planting process. Using the experience of planting seedlings with a closed root system (CCS) manually and analyzing the methods of mechanization of planting, it is possible to obtain maximum efficiency when carrying out this type of work. Based on the material studied, a prototype of a planting device suitable for the technology of discrete planting of seedlings with ZKS was selected. Solid modeling of the working body in the Solidworks computer-aided design system has been carried out. When designing the model, the possibility of its production using additive technology using the FDM printing method was envisaged.