bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Apis dorsata Honey Treatment on Calcium Levels of Mandibular Bone in Ovariohysterectomized Wistar Rats
Authors: Rohmah Siti Nur , Yudaniayanti Ira Sari , Primarizky Hardany , Hastutiek Poedji
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Apis dorsata honey on calcium levels in the mandibular bone of Wistar rats after ovariohysterectomy as an animal osteoporosis model for treating cases of osteoporosis. This study used 20 female rats, which were divided into five treatment groups with four replications. SHAM was the negative control group; OH was the ovariohysterectomized group without treatment as a positive control; the AD1, AD2, and AD3 groups were ovariohysterectomized rats with A. dorsata honey at doses of 1 g/kg bw, 2 g/kg bw, and 4 g/kg bw for 84 days. After 84 days of treatment, the left mandibular bones of the rats were collected, weighed, and stored in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Calcium levels were calculated using proximate analysis. The results showed a decrease in bone calcium levels in the ovariohysterectomy group, the highest results were in the SHAM group, and the lowest results were in the AD3 group. It can be concluded that the administration of A. dorsata honey could not maintain the calcium level of the mandibular bone in the ovariohysterectomized Wistar rats.
Efficacy of Sauropus androgynous Leaves Extract Gel on Burn Wound Healing in Albino Rats
Authors: Panggabean Rosenna Tiara , Sudjarwo Sri Agus , Ma’ruf Anwar , Widiyatno Thomas Valentinus , Yudaniayanti Ira Sari , Kurnijasanti Rochmah , Khairullah Aswin Rafif
Published: January 2024

Burns not only damage skin locally but generally affect the body system and have been related as the secondary cause of death. Burns can be effectively treated with a topical drug to prevent chronic inflammation. Burn wound healing is really important for ensuring overall health and well-being. This study aimed to determine the effect of Sauropus androgynous leaves extract gel on the number of fibroblasts, fibrocytes, and collagen density on burn wound healing in albino rats. A total of 50 male albino rats were randomly divided into five groups i.e. (C-) was normal skin, (C+) was skin burn treated with placebo, (T1) was skin burn treated with 2.5% of S. androgynous leaves extract gel, (T2) was skin burn treated with 5% of S. androgynous leaves extract gel, and (T3) was skin burn treated with 10% of S. androgynous leaves extract the gel. The amount of 25 albino rats’ skin samples were collected on the 8th day, and the remaining samples were collected on the 15th day. The results showed that 10% of S. androgynous leaves extract gel improved faster, as indicated by the increased number of fibroblasts, fibrocytes, and collagen density. This study can be concluded that 10% of S. androgynous leaves extract gel was the effective dosage to increase the number of fibroblasts, fibrocytes, and collagen density in burn wound healing.
Detection of Spargana on Ptyas korros in Sidoarjo
Authors: Bagaskara Ryan , Lukiswanto Bambang Sektiari , Rahardjo Adi Prijo , Poetranto Emmanuel Djoko , Koesdarto Setiawan , Mufasirin Mufasirin
Published: January 2024

Ptyas korros or Indo-China Rat Snake is one of the snakes that are commonly hunted in Indonesia. This study aimed to identify Spirometra sp. on P. korros in Sidoarjo. A total of 18 snakes were collected within 3 months. Identification of Spirometra sp. was done using a native method, Semichen Acetic Carmine, and HE staining. As a results, 8 (44.4%) of 18 samples showed positive infection with Spirometra sp. The results of this study indicate the presence of spargana in P. korros in Sidoarjo and no adult Spirometra sp. was found.
Toxicity Test of Flavonoid Compounds from Ethyl Acetate Extract of Malacca Leaves with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test
Authors: Zakwan Muhammad , Sutriana Amalia , Nurliana Nurliana , Asmilia Nuzul , Ammar Muhammad , Novianti Arindita Niatazya
Published: January 2024

Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds produced in plants as secondary metabolites. Flavonoids have favorable biochemical effects on multiple diseases and other bioactivities. This study aimed to isolate the active compounds contained in malacca (Phyllanthus emblica) leaves and analyze toxic properties using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method in Artemia salina leach shrimp larvae. This study used malacca leaf powder with ethyl acetate solvent then macerated. Ethyl acetate extract was concentrated and fractionated, then toxicity tests were carried out. Extracts from the evaporation results were further fractionated using solvent petroleum ether, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate. Then the ethyl acetate fraction was hydrolyzed using reflagged with 7% sulfuric acid for two hours, then the filtrate was extracted with ethanol solvent. The obtained fraction washed with aquades and dried using a vacuum desiccator. The toxicity test results showed that the flavonoid compound of malacca leaves was not toxic with a value of LC50 > 1000 ppm, an increase in the concentration of the extract was followed by an increase in the average mortality of larvae.
Pathological Impacts Due to The Existence of Plastic Waste in Rumen of Bali Cattle
Authors: Berata I Ketut , Susari Ni Nyoman Werdi , Kardena I Made , Novianti Arindita Niatazya
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Bali cattle rumen containing plastic waste and its impact on tissues and health risks. A total of 100 Bali cattle were investigated after being slaughtered at several traditional slaughterhouses in Denpasar City. Rumen samples were examined for any plastic waste, meanwhile blood, liver, kidney, lungs, spleen, intestine, and myocardium were collected for evaluation of heavy metals content and histopathological examination. The heavy metal measurement was performed using the atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) method. Those tissues for histopathological examination were fixed in buffer neutral formalin (BNF) and then evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The results of the examination reported 9 rumens (9%) containing plastic waste. The hematological profile showed leucocytosis and the content of lead (0.841 ± 0.522 ppm). Histopathological changes in the liver, kidneys, lungs, spleen, and intestine, were found in various types of degeneration, inflammation, and mild necrosis. In conclusion, the prevalence of plastic waste in the rumen of Bali cattle was 9%, with leucocytosis, lead content was 0.841 ± 0.522 ppm, and various histopathological lesions such as congestion, inflammation, and fatty degeneration in parenchymous tissues.
Effect of Foot and Mouth Diseases Vaccination on Basic Semen Quality Parameter in Bali Cattle
Authors: Prihatin Koko Wisnu , Amaliya Anny , Musaffak Taufiq Ridwan , Rosyada Zulfi Nur Amrina
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to determine the effect of post foot and mouth diseases (FMD) vaccination on the basic semen quality in Bali cattle bulls. The data used in this study were semen collection data of 25 Bali cattle bulls at the National Artificial Insemination Centre (NAIC), Singosari. The paired sample t-test was performed to compare the response variable of individual motility (%), abnormality (%), spermatozoa concentration (x 106 cells), and semen volume (mL) from regular semen collection in post and pre-vaccination groups. The results showed no significant difference in semen individual motility (t(74) = -1.72, p = 0.95), abnormality (t(74) = 2.06, p = 0.98), spermatozoa concentration (t(74) = -4.35, p = 1.00), and semen volume (t(74) = -0.11, p = 0.54) in Bali cattle bulls before and after vaccination. This study concludes that the FMD's vaccination program for Bali cattle bulls did not have the potential to reduce the basic semen quality for Bali Cattle frozen semen production.
Analysis of Production Performance and Medicine Cost Expenditure Before and After Avian Infectious Bronchitis in Commercial Broiler Farms
Authors: Viqih Muhammad , Gunistiyo Gunistiyo , Raharjo Hartanto Mulyo
Published: January 2024

Avian infectious bronchitis is one of the diseases that can lead to losses in broiler farming. To investigate its impact, we conducted a recapitulation of plasma maintenance (RHPP) results data gathered from 5 clusters that tested positive for avian infectious bronchitis using PCR and ELISA tests. Subsequently, the RHPP data underwent quantitative analysis using paired sample t-test method. The results of this analysis revealed significant differences in the variables of performance index (PI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and medicine costs within several clusters before and after being infected with avian infectious bronchitis. This study was important for the future to address zero hunger issues.
The Efficacy of Madeira Vine Leaf Extract Combined with Turmeric Rhizome Extract Gel Topically on Second-Degree Burn Wound in Albino Rats
Authors: Hisyam Mirza Atikah Madarina , Yuniarti Wiwik Misaco , Theresia Sis Wisnuarti , Yudaniayanti Ira Sari , Lukiswanto Bambang Sektiari , Sudjarwo Sri Agus , Widiyatno Thomas Valentinus
Published: January 2024

Burns is now considered one of the most destructive forms of trauma affecting humans and animals. This study aimed to determine the effect of Madeira vine leaf extract combined with 2% Turmeric rhizome extract (MVLTR) gel administered topically on second-degree burn wound in albino rats based on the number of fibroblasts. A total of 25 male rats weighed 200–300 grams were divided into five groups i.e. (C-) was normal skin, (C+) was burn and treated using 1% silver sulfadiazine, (T1) was burn and treated using 1.25% MVLTR gel, (T2) was burn and treated using 2.5% MVLTR gel, and (T3) was burn and treated using 5% MVLTR gel. The burn wound was performed on the right gluteus of rats, and the therapy was applied twice a day topically, starting after the burn wounds were made. Skin samples were collected on day 15. The histopathological examination was performed by counting fibroblast cells and then analyzed using One-way ANOVA, continued with the Duncan test. Based on the results showed that the C- group was significantly different compared to C+, T1, T2, and T3 groups. C+ had a significant difference with the T1 and T3 groups, meanwhile not significantly different from the T2 group. T2 was not significantly different from the C+ and T3 groups. In conclusion, MVLTR gel at 5% concentration has the potential to be an effective treatment for second-degree burns, as indicated by the increased number of fibroblasts.
The relationship between hyperuricemia and hypertension: a short review of current evidence
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Yao Guiping , Yan Bing , Zhanghuang Chenghao
Published: January 2024

The investigation of the relationship between hyperuricemia and hypertension is a captivating field in hypertension research. The final product of purine metabolism is uric acid (UA), and the elevation of serum UA (SUA) levels directly contributes to the development of hypertension. Numerous studies have substantiated that hyperuricemia is a significant risk factor for hypertension. Furthermore, initial clinical trials have demonstrated that therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing SUA levels lower blood pressure (BP) in individuals with hypertension attributed to hyperuricemia. Recent research has demonstrated that hyperuricemia can facilitate the onset of hypertension via multiple mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammation, diminished nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), insulin resistance, vascular smooth muscle proliferation, and renal impairment. Given the interconnectedness between hyperuricemia and hypertension, it is advantageous to identify potential therapeutic approaches for timely intervention in order to impede the advancement of hypertension in individuals with hyperuricemia. This article reviews the research progress on the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia-induced hypertension.
Tuning Ag+ and Mn2+ doping in ZnS:Ag,Mn embedded polymers for flexible white light emitting films
Authors: Ma Lun , Amador Eric , Belev George S. , Gautam Chhabindra , Zhou Weidong , Liu J. Ping , Sammynaiken Ramaswami , Chen Wei
Published: January 2024

Flexible Light Emitting Diodes are versatile lighting solutions that offer bendable and adaptable illumination possibilities. A soft, flexible white luminescent film (1 mm) shows promise for foldable electroluminescent devices and applications. This film was fabricated using ZnS:Ag and Mn. Under different excitation wavelengths, the phosphors emit blue light due to Ag+ luminescence centers and red light from the d-d transition of Mn2+. The blue emission is greatly suppressed at high Mn2+ doping levels, requiring reduced Ag+ doping in co-doped ZnS:Ag,Mn compared to solo-doped ZnS:Ag samples. By adjusting Ag+ and Mn2+ concentrations, the ZnS:Ag(1%),Mn(0.2%) phosphors show a proper intensity ratio of blue and red emissions, making them a promising candidate for future white light applications.
Tradisi Bapalas Bidan ( Makna Kain Tapung Sasirangan Dalam Konteks Sosial Masyarakat Mandala Murung Mesjid)
Authors: Rahmi Baiti , Apriati Yuli , Azkia Laila
Published: January 2024

Kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap kain tapung sasirangan dalam tradisi bapalas bidan yaitu sebagai ajaran dari nenek moyang sehingga tetap selalu dijaga dan dilakukan terus-menerus sampai keanak cucu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : (1) Makna terhadap kain tapung sasirangan dalam tradisi bapalas bidan (2) Konteks sosial masyarakat yang mempercayai kain tapung sasirangan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Sumber data dipilih secara Snowball Sampling. Teknik pengambilan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dala penelitian ini adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menemukan (1) Ada 4 makna yakni : (a) makna motif kain tapung sasirangan, (b) Makna warna kain tapung sasirangan, (c) Makna benda dan alat yang digunakan (d) dan makna pada ucapan dan perilaku pada saat tradisi. (2) Ada 2 bentuk konteks sosial masyarakat yang mempercayai kain tapung sasirangan yaitu : (a) alasan masyarakat mempercayai yaitu adanya hal yang diluar nalar jika tidak menggunakan kain tapung sasirangan dalam tradisi bapalas bidan maka si bayi sering cerewet, dan sering sakit serta tidak bisa tidur dengan pulas, tidak bisa tidur dan takut melihat ayunan, dan gatal-gatal(b) Hal yang membuat masyarakat mempercayai yaitu jika berasal dari keturunan nenek moyang yang menggunakan kain tapung sasirangan dalam tradisi bapalas bidan. Keturunan dari nenek moyang ini berasal dari garis keturuan suami. Serta pengalaman pribadi dan sosial masyarakat yang dialami masyarakat jika tidak menggunakan kain tapung sasirangan dalam tradisi bapalas bidan yaitu si bayi akan sering sakit, cerewet, tidak bisa tidur, takut melihat ayunan dan bahkan gatal-gatal.
Profil Istri Sebagai Tulang Punggung Keluarga di Desa Banua Binjai Kabupaten Hulu Sungai tengah
Authors: Nurhidayah Rizka , Ruswinarsih Sigit , Azkia Laila
Published: January 2024

Banua Binjai merupakan salah satu desa yang ada di Kecamatan Barabai yang adanya kecenderungan perempuan berkontribusi dalam mencari nafkah dalam keluarga. Para istri memiliki peran sebagai tulang punggung dalam keluarga dan peran tersebut berdampak pada relasi sosial dalam keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Peran istri sebagai tulang punggung keluarga. (2) Relasi sosial istri dalam kehidupan keluarga. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: (1) peran istri sebagai tulang punggung keluarga berdampak pada peran domestik dan peran publik dan alasan istri menjadi tulang punggung dalam keluarga adalah karena faktor ekonomi dimana memiliki suami yang pengangguran. (2) relasi sosial istri dalam kehidupan keluarga yang berdampak pada pola dan proses istri dalam kehidupan keluarga.
Tradisi Bamandi Basunat Pada Masyarakat Melayu Kutaringin di Kelurahana Raja Kecamatan Arut Selatan Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat
Authors: Prasetyo Andre , Hidayat Yusuf , Widaty Cucu
Published: January 2024

Tradisi bamandi basunat pada masyarakat melayu Kutaringin di Kelurahan Raja Kecamatan Arut Selatan Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat memuat suatu nilai dan makna yang sangat penting serta tersimpan bagi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses pelaksanaan tradisi bamandi basunat pada masyarakat melayu Kutaringin dan menganalisis makna yang terkandung serta nilai yang terkandung dalam tradisi bamandi basunat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Sumber data dipilih secara purposive sampling dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu obsravasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Selanjutnya data di analisis melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa (1) Proses pelaksanaan tradisi bamandi basunat dimulai dari persiapan, pelaksanaan dan penutup. Tahap persiapan yaitu menyiapkan air bamandi, kembang, mayang, laung kuning, tumpang gagaok, kasai, dan tampung tawar. Pelaksanaan kegiatan tradisi bamandi basunat dimulai dengan anak laki-laki dimandikan oleh bidan kampung, dilanjutkan memakai laung kuning dilanjutkan memakan tumpang gagaok dan batampung tawar. Setelah anak selesai disunat dilanjutkan mebaca doa selamat dan makan bersama sebagai tahap penutup. (2) Makna yang terkandung dalam tradisi bamandi basunat yaitu sebagai membersihkan diri, sebagai menolak bala dan menghidari dari gangguan makhluk halus dan sebagai rasa syukur. (3) Nilai yang terkandung dalam tradisi bamandi basunat yaitu nilai vital, nilai estetika dan nilai religius.
The Teaching of Scientific Literacy in Disadvantaged Communities
Authors: Mukwambo Muzwa , Nzwala Kenneth , Maemeko Eugene
Published: January 2024

Addressing educational equality is a significant goal in many educational systems across the globe as governments aim to ensure that every citizen is scientifically literate. Scientific literacy can be understood as every citizen’s right to consume ideas from the scientific community. In an effort to achieve scientific literacy, stakeholders in curriculum planning advocate for adaption aimed to contextualize science concepts. A case in point is when a teacher wants to engage situated cognition to teach science concepts. Sometimes this cannot be easily achieved at schools in disadvantaged communities. This is because they lack western modern science facilities that allow learners to interact with members involved in applying science concepts in their everyday cultural practices. Therefore, in an effort to ensure that learners in disadvantaged communities develop scientific literacy, this qualitative case study explored the teaching of scientific literacy in disadvantaged communities through the use of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) facilities. Data were generated through interviews, observation of community IK practices, brainstorming and teachers’ reflections. Four Grade 11 Physical Science teachers sampled purposively participated in the study. Data collected with the use of the above tools provided answers to the research question, ‘Which IKS-based science pedagogies can elevate scientific literacy levels in disadvantaged communities?’ Data were thematically analyzed and artefacts such as “mapukuta” were examined. The study found that the use of IKS based pedagogies (like mapukuta) can elevate scientific literacy levels in disadvantaged communities. The study recommended that there is a need to introduce science pedagogies which encourage scientific literacy for learners whose cultural, social, and historical encounters are not acknowledged by the curriculum; and second, more studies are required to discover how science teachers can be innovative to use out-of-school IK and integrate that with Western Science (WS) situations to address scientific literacy.
Characterization of Axial Forces to the Head during Kipping Handstand Push-ups
Authors: Bove Geoffrey
Published: January 2024

The kipping handstand push-up (kHSPU) is an exercise performed by many thousands of CrossFit participants. The safety of kHSPUs has been questioned because of vertical impacts upon the head. Here, we measured the axial loads placed upon the head during kHSPUs and sought to identify other factors that may place participants at risk of injury. 16 volunteers from a single gym performed 3 sets of up to 7 kHSPUs with their head and one hand contacting force platforms. Forces were recorded continuously and video recording were made while performing the exercises. The force profiles showed distinct landing and kipping peaks. Participants landed with more force than during their normal headstand, but less than their body weight. The force on the head was greatest during the "kip," and was usually more than body weight. Participants who reported pain following kHSPUs moved their head into extension during the exercises. Forces to the head during kHSPUs were below forces proposed for damage to the young male cervical spine, but overlapped those proposed for female cervical spines. While kipping handstand push-ups may be safe for young and previously uninjured male athletes, they may be unsafe for females and for those with previous injury or other compromising factors.
Flow-cytometry Assessment of DNA content Analysis and Immunophenotyping of Immune-cells in Lymph-node-specimens as Potential Diagnostic Signature of Aggressiveness in B-Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
Authors: Azoulay David , Tapuchi Tal , Ronen Ohad , Akria Luiza , Cohen Hector I , Surio Celia , Rodin Chepa Svetlana , Zarfati Moran , Stemmer Galia , Eshel Elizabeth , Horowitz Netanel A
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Flow-cytometry (FC) is a powerful tool that can assist in lymphoma diagnosis in lymph node (LN) specimens. Although lymphoma diagnosis and classification are mainly based on tumor cell characteristics, surrounding cells are less employed in this process.Methods: We retrospectively investigated alterations in the ploidy status, proliferative cell fraction (PF) and the percentages of surrounding immune cells in 62 consecutive LN specimens with B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (B-NHL) that were submitted for FC evaluation between 2019-2022.Results: Compared with indolent B-NHLs, aggressive B-NHLs show increased DNA aneuploidy and PF, increased monocytes, immature-granulocytes, mature granulocytes, CD8+ T-cells, Double-Negative-T-cells and Double-Positive-T-cells, and decreased total CD45+ cells, total lymphocytes, CD4+ T-cells and CD4/CD8 ratio. Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined PF > 6.8% and immature-granulocytes > 0.9% as optimal cutoffs with highest specificity and sensitivity in differentiating aggressive and indolent B-NHLs.Conclusions: These findings further strength the diagnostic value of DNA content analysis by FC and suggest the utilization of tumor surrounding immune cells in NHL diagnosis and classification.
Exploring the Quality Statuses of Graduates’ Sustainable Core Competences Development and the Reasons behind the Identified Statuses in Universities: Applying the Core Competencies’ Model and Major Stakeholders’ Perspectives
Authors: Abie Ayetenew , Bitew Getnet Demissie , Mengistie Solomon Melese
Published: January 2024

This study aimed at investigating the quality statuses of graduates’ sustainable core competences development and the causes behind the identified competence statuses by applying the core competencies’ model. The study employed case study design with thematic analysis involving seven interviewees. This study used tracer study findings and national exit exam results as exhibits. The study revealed “very good” and “excellent” quality statuses for the graduates’ core competence development of College of medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS). Similarly, this study identified “Good +” statuses for the quality of graduates’ core competence development in College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences ( CAES) and College of Science (CS). Furthermore, the study identified "good" - and +” statuses for the quality of graduates’ competence development at the Faculty of Social Sciences (FSS) and Faculty of Humanities (FH). Improved instruction with a balance of theory and practice, task-oriented deans’ leadership behavior with fairness and shared vision- mission identity, handling internal conflicts, and external ethnic-based war influences were the major reasons for the identified higher competence quality statuses in CMHS, CAES, and CS, whereas the opposite direction decline of these factors were the causes for the low statuses of FSS and FH. Sustainable graduates’ core competence development leads to sustainable employability, labor force, and individual to nation-wide holistic sustainable development
Recent Progress on the Synthesis of Bipyridine Derivatives
Authors: Yamanoi Yoshinori
Published: January 2024

Bipyridine and its related compounds are starting materials or precursors for a variety of valuable substances, such as biologically active molecules, ligands for catalysts, photosensitizers, viologens, and supramolecular architectures. Therefore, it is important to classify the synthesis methods and know their characteristics. Representative examples include the methods using homo- and heterocoupling of pyridine derivatives in the presence of catalyst. Because bipyridine compounds have a high ability to coordinate with metal centers, a decrease in catalytic activity and yield is often observed in the reaction system. To address this issue, the review provides insight into recent advances in bipyridine synthesis using metal complexes under both homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions. Moreover, the review also sheds light on strategies for bipyridine synthesis involving sulfur and phosphorous compounds. These alternative pathways offer promising avenues for overcoming challenges associated with traditional-catalyzed methods, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the synthesis landscape.
Review of Machine Learning Methods for River Flood Routing
Authors: Li Li , Jun Kyung Soo
Published: January 2024

River flood routing computes changes in shape of a flood wave over time as it travels downstream along a river. Conventional flood routing models, especially hydrodynamic models require high quality and quantity of input data such as measured hydrologic time series, geometric data, hydraulic structures and hydrological parameters. Unlike physically based models, machine learning algorithms, which are data driven models, do not require much knowledge about underlying physical processes and can identify complex nonlinearity between inputs and outputs. Due to the higher performance, less complexity, and low computation cost, novel machine learning methods as a single application or hybrid application were introduced by researchers to achieve more accurate and efficient flood routing. This paper reviews the recent application of machine learning methods in river flood routing.
Human Pesticide Exposure in Bolivia: A Scoping Review of Current Knowledge, Future Challenges and Research Needs
Authors: Barrón Cuenca Jessika Ximena , Dreij Kristian , Tirado Bustillos Noemi Sandra
Published: January 2024

Numerous studies have shown that pesticide exposure is linked to adverse health outcomes. Nevertheless, in Bolivia, where there is an increasing use of pesticides, including those restricted or banned in industrialized nations, the literature is spare. To address knowledge gaps and guide future research in Bolivia, we conducted a scoping review crossing 22 years (January 2000 to December 2022). Our search identified 37 peer-reviewed articles and 27 reports/documents on Bolivian regulations. Most studies focused on farmers and revealed high pesticide exposure levels, assessed through biomarkers of exposure, susceptibility, and effect. Literature explored a range of health effects due to pesticide exposure, spanning acute to chronic conditions. Many studies highlighted the correlation between pesticide exposure and genotoxic damage, measured by DNA strand breaks and/or micronuclei formation, particularly in farmers without personal protection equipment (PPE), which increases the risk of developing chronic diseases, including cancer. Recent findings also showed the alarming use of banned or restricted pesticides in Bolivian crops. Despite existing Bolivian regulations, the uncontrolled use of pesticides persists, evidencing the harmful health effects on the population and increasing land and water pollution. These findings underscore the need for stringent enforcement of regulations and provide a scientific foundation for decision-making by relevant authorities.
Physiology of Deep Closed-Circuit Rebreather (CCR) Mixed Gas Diving: Gas Emboli, Spirometry and Biological Changes during a Week-Long Liveaboard Safari
Authors: Balestra Costantino , Leveque Clément , Mrackic-Sposta Simona , Vezzoli Alessandra , Wauthy Pierre , Germonpré Peter , Tillmans Frauke , Guerrero François , Lafère Pierre
Published: January 2024

Diving decompression theory hypothesizes inflammatory processes as a source of micronuclei which could increase related risks. Therefore, we tested 10 healthy, male divers. They performed 6-8 dives with a maximum of two dives per day at depths ranging from 21 to 122 msw with CCR mixed gas diving. Post-dive VGE were counted by echocardiography. Saliva and urine samples were taken before and after each dive to evaluate to evaluate inflammation: ROS production, lipid peroxidation (8-iso-PGF2), DNA damage (8-OH-dG), cytokines (TNF-, IL-6, and neopterin). VGE exhibits a progressive reduction followed by an increase (p<0.0001) which parallels in-flammation responses. Indeed, ROS, 8-iso-PGF2, IL-6 and neopterin increases from 0.19 ± 0.02 to 1.13 ± 0.09 μmol.min−1 (p<0.001); 199.8 ± 55.9 to 632.7 ± 73.3 ng.mg-1 creatinine (p<0.0001); 2.35 ± 0.54 to 19.5 ± 2.96 pg.ml-1 (p<0.001); and 93.7 ± 11.2 to 299 ± 25.9 μmol·mol−1 creatinine (p=0.005), respectively. The variation after each dive was held constant around 158.3 ± 6.9% (p = 0.021); 151.4 ± 5.7% (p <0.0001); 176.3 ± 11.9% (p<0.0001); and 160.1 ± 5.6% (p<0.001), respectively. When oxy-inflammation reaches a certain level, it exceeds hormetic coping mechanisms allowing second-generation micronuclei substantiated by an increase of VGE after an initial continuous decrease consistent with a depletion of “first generation” pre-existing micronuclei.
Feasibility Study on a Black Paper Base Film Coated with Cooked Tung Oil
Authors: Wu Yi , Shi Yi-Cheng , Zhao Yu-die , Yu Yin
Published: January 2024

A new biodegradable paper-based film is a hot research topic in the development of green agriculture. In this paper, a black paper base film coated with cooked tung oil with excellent mechanical properties, hydrophobic surface, high heat transfer and strong weather resistance was prepared by spraying high pigment carbon black solution on the surface of base paper. The results showed that the surface solidified oil film with rough structure was made by the brush coating process of cooked tung oil, and the base film of black paper was given hydrophobic structure, and the contact angle reached 98.9 °. Cooked tung oil permeates into the inside of the paper base, and after curing, it forms a multi-dimensional network film structure. The maximum tensile stress of the black paper base film is about 123% higher than that of the original paper base film. The coloring of carbon black makes the black paper base film have heat conduction effect, and the average heat transfer rate reaches 15.12 °C/s. Cooked tung oil is combined with the paper-based fiber high-toughness layer to form a stable system. The existence of the cured film improves the basic mechanics and hydrophobicity, and the resistance to ultraviolet radiation and hot air is greatly improved. This study provides a feasible scheme for the application of a black paper base film coated with cooked tung oil.
Effect of Different Microstructures on Surface Residual Stress of In-Duction Hardened Bearing Steel
Authors: Lu Shao Quan , Chiu Liu Ho
Published: January 2024

JIS SUJ2 is most widely used in bearing steels. The advantages are good hardenability, excellent fatigue, wear resistance and comprehensive mechanical properties. For wear resistance and fatigue resistance of the steel are getting more and more attention, the residual stress state and its distribution on the surface of the heat affect zone are critical factors affecting the fatigue life and wear resistance of the parts. In this study, using the SUJ2 as the material to talk about the surface residual stress and retained austenite distribution. Doing the quenching and tempering treatment to obtain different microstructures, using the induction method to re-quench the case region. After the heat treatment, measuring the residual stress and retained austenite volume on the surface by X-ray diffraction, observing the microstructure and comparing the hardness. The results show that the microstructure after heat treatment contains unsolidified carbides, tempered martensite and retained austenite. The residual stress on the surface is the tensile state. In the re-hardened area after induction quenching, the residual stress is all compressive, and the values are more than -800 MPa. In conclusion, in the same output power condition can be observed that the microstructure of the specimens before induction hardening has a significant impact on the effective case depth. The surface residual stress has changed from a tensile to a compressive state. In the re-hardened area, the maximum of the residual compressive stress increased with the austenitized temperature increase.
Measuring the Impact of New Publications on Housing in Urban Studies
Authors: Vergara-Perucich Jose Francisco
Published: January 2024

This article seeks to understand how the incorporation of new scientific articles in the field of urban studies on topics related to housing, manage to impact specialized media. In other words, it seeks to identify whether social science that publishes findings on housing has become less relevant over time, as occurs in other areas of knowledge. To do this, data is collected from the Web of Science of the urban studies categories, using as a filter that either in the title, keywords or abstract contain the word "housing". With this database, all the DOIs of the indexed articles are taken and it is reviewed whether those new DOIs incorporated into the knowledge database have impacted in relation to new citations that of said DOIs that are added in the future. More than looking for the impact of an article for the particular, it is sought to review added values. It is identified that the only disruptive moment occurred after the 2008 real estate crisis. This finding emphasizes the importance of looking for new paths for the production of knowledge on housing that is novel and original, that manages to break with an apparent trend of scarce innovation or lack of knowledge among peers of what is being published in the matter.
Excess Conductivity Analysis of an YBCO Foam Strut and Its Microstructure
Authors: Slimani Yassine , Hannachi Essia , Koblischka-Veneva Anjela , Koblischka Michael Rudolf
Published: January 2024

Struts of a superconducting YBa2Cu3Oy (YBCO) foam prepared by the infiltration growth method on the base of commercial polyurethane foams were extracted from the bulk, and thoroughly characterized concerning the microstructure and the magnetoresistance, measured by the four-point technique. Optical microscopy, electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction and atomic force microscopy observations indicate an unique microstructure of the foam struts which shows a large amount of tiny Y2BaCuO5 (Y-211) particles (with diameters between 50–100 nm) being enclosed in channel-like grain boundaries between the YBCO grains and an one-of-a-kind surface of the struts covered with Ba3Cu5Oy-particles. The resistance data obtained at temperatures in the range 4.2 K ≤T≤ 150 K (applied magnetic fields ranging from 0 to 7 T) were analyzed in the framework of the fluctuation-induced conductivity (FIC) approach using the Aslamazov-Larkin model. The resulting FIC curves reveal the presence of five distinct fluctuation regimes, namely, the short-wave (SWF), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional (3D), and critical (CR) fluctuation domains. The analysis of the FIC data enable the coherence length in the direction of the c-axis at zero-temperature (ξc(0)), the lower and upper critical magnetic fields (Bc1, Bc2), the critical current density at T= 0 K (Jc(0)) and several other parameters describing the the material’s superconducting properties to be determined. The present data reveal that the minuscule Y-211 particles found along the YBCO grain boundaries alter the excess conductivity and the fluctuation behavior as compared to conventional YBCO samples, leading to a quite high value for Jc(0) for a sample without added flux pinning centers.
Role of Rare Species on Phytoplankton Size-Abundance Relationships and Size-Structure across Different Biogeographical Areas
Authors: Laraib Maira , Titocci Jessica , Giannakourou Antonia , Reizopoulou Sofia , Basset Alberto
Published: January 2024

Phytoplankton guilds are commonly characterised by dominance effects, while the main contribution to biological diversity is given by rare species. Here, we analysed the influence of rare species on taxonomic and functional diversity, described by taxa richness and composition, cell size and size abundance relationships in phytoplankton guilds. We explore these relationships at global and regional scales by analysing phytoplankton guilds from five biogeographical regions: Northern Atlantic Ocean (Scotland), South-Western Atlantic Ocean (Brazil), South-Western Pacific Ocean (Australia), Indo-Pacific Ocean (Maldives) and Mediterranean Sea (Greece and Turkey). We have comparatively analysed the phytoplankton taxonomic diversity of the whole dataset and with the datasets obtained by progressively subtracting taxa occurring in the last 1%, 5%, 10% and 25% of both numerical abundance and overall biomass. Globally 306 taxa were identified across five ecoregions with only 27 taxa accounting for the 75% of overall numerical abundance and biomass; almost the 50% of taxa were lost on every step. The removal of 1% most rare taxa significantly affected the phytoplankton size-abundance relationships and body-size structure, strongly impacting on small taxa. The progressive removal of additional rare taxa did not further affect phytoplankton size-abundance relationships and size structure.
Recent Advances and Challenges in the Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Preterm Labor
Authors: Gondane Prashil , Kumbhakarn Sakshi , Maity Pritiprasanna , Kapat Kausik
Published: January 2024

Births occurring before thirty-seven weeks of gestation are referred to as preterm births (PTBs), which is the primary cause of neonatal mortality and long-term disabilities. The unknown mechanism behind PTB makes diagnosis difficult, yet early detection is necessary for controlling and averting related consequences. The primary focus of this work is to provide an overview of the known risk factors associated with preterm labor and the conventional and advanced procedures for early detection of PTB, including multi-omics and artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML)-based approaches. It also discusses the principles of detecting various proteomic biomarkers based on lateral flow immunoassay and microfluidic chips, along with the commercially available point-of-care testing (POCT) devices and associated challenges. After briefing the therapeutic and preventive measures of PTB, the review summarizes with an outlook.
Investigating the Determinants of Beds for High-Care Specialties in the Italian Regions in the Environmental, Social and Governance Model
Authors: Resta Emanuela , Resta Onofrio , Costantiello Alberto , Leogrande Angelo
Published: January 2024

In the following article, it is presented an investigation of the determinants of Beds for High-Care Specialties-BHCS in the Italian regions in the context of Environmental, Social and Governance-ESG approach. Data from ISTAT-BES for 20 countries in the period 2004-2021 are been used. Different econometric techniques have been applied i.e.: Pooled Ordinary Least Squares, Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, Dynamic Panel at 1 stage. Furthermore, a cluster analysis performed with a k-Means algorithm optimized with the Silhouette Coefficient indicated the presence of three clusters. Finally, eight different machine-learning algorithms are analysed to predict the future value of BHCS. The results show that the Artificial Neural Network-ANN algorithm is the best algorithm. The future value of BHSC is expected to growth on average of 4.88% for the analysed regions.
Use of Vibrotactile Feedback to Improve Execution Quality of Core Stability Exercises
Authors: Floessel Philipp , Lueneburg Lisa Marie , Schneider Julia , Pohnert Nora , Foerster Justin , Kappert Franz , Lachmann Doris , Krzywinski Jens , Platz Uwe , Disch Alexander Carl
Published: January 2024

Patients with low back pain often have deficits in trunk stability. For this reason, many patients receive physiotherapy treatment, which represents an enormous socio-economic burden. Training at home could reduce these costs. The prob-lem here is the lack of correction of the exercise execution. This feasibility study therefore investigates the applicability of a vibrotactile-controlled feedback system for trunk stabilization exercises.
A sample of 13 healthy adults performed three trunk stabilization exercises. Exercise performance was corrected by physiotherapists using vibrotactile feedback. The NASA TLX questionnaire was used to assess the practicability of the vibrotactile feedback.
The Nasa TLX questionnaire show a very low global workload M = 37.96 (SD =11.63). The quality of feedback perception was perceived as good by the subjects, varying between 76.9 % and 92.3 % depending on the body part. 80.8 % rated the feedback as helpful for their training. On the expert side, the results show a high rating of movement quality.
The positive evaluations of the physiotherapists and the participants on the use of the vibrotactile feedback system indi-cate that such a system can reduce the trainees fear of independent training and support the users in their training. This could increase training adherence and long-term success.
Recent Advances in Real-time Label-Free Detection of Small Molecules
Authors: Chieng Andy , Wan Zijian , Wang Shaopeng
Published: January 2024

The detection and analysis of small molecules, typically defined as molecules under 1000 Da, is of growing interest ranging from the development of small molecule drugs and inhibitors to the sensing of toxins and biomarkers. However, due to challenges such as their small size and low mass, many biosensing technologies struggle to have the sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of small molecules. Notably, their small size limits the usage of labeled techniques that can change the properties of small molecule analytes. Furthermore, the capability of real-time detection is highly desired for small molecule biosensors’ application in diagnostics or screening. This review highlights recent advances in label-free real-time biosensing technologies utilizing different types of transducers to meet the growing demand for small molecule detection.
Integrating Artificial Intelligence for Advancing Multiple Cancer Early Detection via Serum Biomarkers: A Narrative Review
Authors: Wang Hsin-Yao , Lin Wan-Ying , Zhou Chenfei , Yang Zih-Ang , Kalpana Sriram , Lebowitz Michael S
Published: January 2024

The concept and policies of multiple early cancer detection (MCED) have gained significant attention from governments worldwide in recent years. In the era of burgeoning artificial intelligence (AI) technology, the integration of MCED with AI has become a prevailing trend, giving rise to a plethora of MCED AI products. However, due to the heterogeneity of both the detection targets and the AI technologies, the overall diversity of MCED AI products remains considerable. The types of detection targets encompass protein biomarkers, cell-free DNA, or combinations of these biomarkers. In the development of AI models, different model training approaches are employed, including datasets of case-control researches or real-world cancer screening datasets. Various validation techniques, such as cross-validation, location-wise validation, and time-wise validation are used. All of the factors show significant impacts on the predictive efficacy of MCED AIs. After the completion of AI model development, deploying the MCED AIs in clinical practice presents numerous challenges, including presenting the predictive reports, identifying the potential locations and types of tumor, and addressing cancer-related information such as clinical follow-up and treatment. This study reviews several mature MCED AI products currently available in the market, detecting their composing factors from serum biomarkers detection, MCED AIs training/validation, and the clinical application. The review illuminates the challenges encountered by existing MCED AI products across these stages, offering insights into the continued development and obstacles within the field of MCED AI.
The Single-Dose Janssen Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 Vaccine Elicited Robust and Persistent Anti-Spike IgG Antibody Responses in A 12-Month Ugandan Cohort
Authors: Serwanga Jennifer , Kato Laban , Ankunda Violet , Kitabye Isaac , Namuyanja Angella , Opio Solomon , Sembera Jackson , Baine Claire , Katende Joseph Ssebwana , Oluka Gerald Kevin , Ejou Peter , Kaleebu Pontiano
Published: January 2024

The study evaluated the immune response to the Janssen Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 vaccine in a Ugandan cohort, focusing on spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) protein-directed antibodies. The aim was to assess the longevity and robustness of the elicited antibodies, aligning with breakthrough infections and prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2. The study involved 319 specimens collected over 12 months from 60 vaccinees aged 18 to 64. Binding antibodies were quantified using a validated ELISA method to measure SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA levels against the S and N proteins. The results showed that baseline seropositivity for S-IgG was high at 67%, increasing to 98% by day 14 and consistently stayed above 95% for up to 12 months. However, S-IgM responses remained suboptimal. An increased S-IgA serpositivity rate doubled from 40% at baseline to 86% just two weeks following the initial vaccine dose, indicating sustained and robust mucosal immunity. An increase in N-IgG levels at nine months post-vaccination suggested breakthrough infections in eight cases. Baseline cross-reactivity influenced spike-directed antibody responses, with those with pre-existing S-IgG antibodies showing higher responses. The vaccine demonstrated robust and long-lasting immune responses, with significant implications for regions where administering follow-up doses is challenging.
Mechanism of Action of Intestinal Microorganisms and Progress in Head and Neck Tumors
Authors: Su Xialu , Ma Faqiang , Jin Feng
Published: January 2024

In the past decade, it has been discovered that intestinal flora can influence various organ-specific cancers by altering the body's energy balance, increasing obesity, synthesizing genetic toxins and small signaling molecules, initiating and modulating immune responses, and metabolizing indigestible dietary components, exogenous substances, and drugs. In this review, we will focus on elucidating the role of gut flora based on its molecular mechanisms and its potential therapeutic implications in head and neck tumors in the near future.