bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adrenal biopsy, as a diagnostic method, is associated with decreased overall survival in patients with T1/T2 adrenocortical carcinoma: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Naffouje Samer A. , Sabesan Arvind , Hallanger‐Johnson Julie , Kirtane Kedar , Gonzalez Ricardo J. , Mullinax John
Published: August 2021

Introduction

The standard diagnosis for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is clinical diagnosis (CD) based on radiographic and biochemical studies. Biopsy diagnosis (BD) is seldom required for the suspicion of secondary malignancy. We aim to study the impact of BD in the context of underlying T1/T2 ACC on overall survival (OS) compared with CD.

Methods

National Cancer Database (NCDB) for endocrine malignancies was utilized. Only patients with non‐metastatic ACC, whose method of diagnosis and local disease extension were reported, and received a surgical adrenalectomy with curative intent were included. Patients were divided by disease stage into T1/T2, T3, and T4 groups. A propensity score match was applied to those with T1/T2 disease who received CD versus BD and the Kaplan–Meier method was used to compare OS.

Results

In total, 4000 patients with ACC were reported in the database, 1410 met selection criteria. Eight hundred and thirty patients had T1/T2, 365 had T3, and 162 had T4 ACC. Of patients with T1/T2 ACC, 742 (89.4%) received CD versus 88 (11.6%) with BD. A propensity score was calculated per a multivariable regression model with 79 patients matched from each group. Exact matching was applied for margin status and adjuvant therapies. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significant difference in median OS between CD versus BD patients in the matched data set (103.89 ± 15.65 vs. 54.93 ± 8.22 months; p = 0.001). In all comers, patients with T1/T2 ACC and BD had comparable median OS to that of patients with T3 ACC (52.21 ± 9.69 vs. 36.01 ± 3.33 months; p = 0.446).

Conclusion

BD in T1/T2 ACC could be associated with disease upstaging and worse OS outcomes.
A pulse‐width adjustable electro‐optic Q‐switched nanosecond laser oscillator
Authors: Zhao Chen , Bai Zhenxu , Chen Yifu , Qi Yaoyao , Ding Jie , Li Sensen , Yan Xiusheng , Wang Yulei , Lu Zhiwei
Published: August 2021

An all‐solid‐state pulse width adjustable Nd:YAG nanosecond laser at 1064 nm is demonstrated based on the bidirectional voltage supplied Q‐switched technology. Continuously adjustable pulse‐width from 4.6 to 32.3 ns is generated in a linear cavity, which is laser diode side‐pumped at 808 nm at 100 Hz repetition rate. With 27 ns Q‐switch duration, the shortest pulse width of 4.6 ns with single pulse energy of 0.77 mJ and a near‐Gaussian beam quality (M2 < 1.6) is obtained. Our results suggest an approach to generating pulse‐width adjustable nanosecond lasers for applications in LIDAR.
The overlapping geography of cognitive ability and chronotype
Authors: Ujma Péter Przemyslaw , Kirkegaard Emil Ole William
Published: August 2021

Chronotype and cognitive ability are two human phenotypes with an uneven geographic distribution due to both selective migration and causal environmental effects. In our study, we aimed to examine the relationship between geographic variables, cognitive ability and chronotype. We used a large anonymized sample (n = 25,700, mostly from the USA, UK, Canada and Australia) of dating site users to estimate chronotype and cognitive ability from questionnaire responses using item response theory. We matched each user to geographic coordinates and city size using the reported locations and geographic databases. In line with previous research we found that male sex, younger age, residence in a more populous locale, higher cognitive ability and more westward position within the same time zone were associated with later chronotype. Male sex, younger age, residence in a more populous locale, later chronotype and higher latitude were associated with higher cognitive ability, but the effect of population on chronotype and latitude on cognitive ability was only present in the USA. The relationship between age and chronotype was stronger in males, and the relationship between chronotype and cognitive ability was stronger in males and in older participants. Population density had an independent association with cognitive ability, but not chronotype. Our results confirm the uneven geographic distribution of chronotype and cognitive ability. These findings generalize across countries, but they are moderated by age and sex, suggesting both biological and cultural effects.
Simple and efficient heterologous expression of necrosis‐inducing effectors using the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Dagvadorj Bayantes , Solomon Peter S.
Published: August 2021

Plant fungal pathogens cause devastating diseases on cereal plants and threaten global food security. During infection, these pathogens secrete proteinaceous effectors that promote disease. Some of these effectors from necrotrophic plant pathogens induce a cell death response (necrosis), which facilitates pathogen growth in planta. Characterization of these effectors typically requires heterologous expression, and microbial expression systems such as bacteria and yeast are the predominantly used. However, microbial expression systems often require optimization for any given effector and are, in general, not suitable for effectors involving cysteine bridges and posttranslational modifications for activity. Here, we describe a simple and efficient method for expressing such effectors in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Briefly, an effector protein is transiently expressed and secreted into the apoplast of N. benthamiana by Agrobacterium‐mediated infiltration. Two to three days subsequent to agroinfiltration, the apoplast from the infiltrated leaves is extracted and can be directly used for phenotyping on host plants. The efficacy of this approach was demonstrated by expressing the ToxA, Tox3, and Tox1 necrosis‐inducing effectors from Parastagonospora nodorum. All three effectors produced in N. benthamiana were capable of inducing necrosis in wheat lines, and two of three showed visible bands on Coomassie‐stained gel. These data suggest that N. benthamiana–agroinfiltration system is a feasible tool to obtain fungal effectors, especially those that require disulfide bonds and posttranslational modifications. Furthermore, due to the low number of proteins typically observed in the apoplast (compared with intracellular), this simple and high‐throughput approach circumvents the requirement to lyse cells and further purifies the target proteins that are required in other heterologous systems. Because of its simplicity and potential for high‐throughput, this method is highly amenable to the phenotyping of candidate protein effectors on host plants.
Registration of ‘Lightning’ barley
Authors: Hayes P. , Carrijo D. R. , Filichkin T. , Fisk S. , Helgerson L. , Hernandez J. , Meints B. , Sorrells M. E.
Published: August 2021

‘Lightning’ (Reg. no. CV‐374, PI 698654), experimental designation DH130910, is a two‐row facultative barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) released by Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station in 2020. It was bred for fall planting and is well adapted to the U.S. Pacific Northwest and New York State. Because it does not require vernalization for a timely vegetative to reproductive transition, Lightning can be planted in the spring and will flower and mature in a similar time frame as spring growth habit cultivars. Lightning is a doubled haploid produced via anther culture and was advanced through fall‐planted trials from 2013 to 2019. Facultative growth habit was validated in unreplicated trials in multiple years; replicated yield trial data are available for 2020. Lightning was developed with the goal of commercial production as a malting cultivar. It was tested in the American Malting Barley Association (AMBA) Pilot Program, but it is not on the AMBA recommended list, due to unsatisfactory quality when malted using standard protocols. Because Lightning will produce excellent malt with adjustments to malting protocol, it was released as a cultivar based on its potential for malting and based on its yield and test weight advantage over check cultivars ‘Endeavor’ and ‘Wintmalt’. Furthermore, it has broad‐spectrum disease resistance (moderate to high resistance to scald, stripe rust, powdery mildew, net blotch, and Fusarium head blight).
Pitolisant, a wake‐promoting agent devoid of psychostimulant properties: Preclinical comparison with amphetamine, modafinil, and solriamfetol
Authors: Krief Stéphane , Berrebi‐Bertrand Isabelle , Nagmar Isabelle , Giret Martin , Belliard Simon , Perrin David , Uguen Marilyne , Robert Philippe , Lecomte Jeanne‐Marie , Schwartz Jean‐Charles , Finance Olivier , Ligneau Xavier
Published: August 2021

Several therapeutic options are currently available to treat excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in patients suffering from narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea. However, there are no comparisons between the various wake‐promoting agents in terms of mechanism of action, efficacy, or safety. The goal of this study was to compare amphetamine, modafinil, solriamfetol, and pitolisant at their known primary pharmacological targets, histamine H3 receptors (H3R), dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters, and in various in vivo preclinical models in relation to neurochemistry, locomotion, behavioral sensitization, and food intake. Results confirmed that the primary pharmacological effect of amphetamine, modafinil, and solriamfetol was to increase central dopamine neurotransmission, in part by inhibiting its transporter. Furthermore, solriamfetol increased levels of extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, and decreased the 3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC)/DA ratio in the striatum, as reported for modafinil and amphetamine. All these compounds produced hyperlocomotion, behavioral sensitization, and hypophagia, which are common features of psychostimulants and of compounds with abuse potential. In contrast, pitolisant, a selective and potent H3R antagonist/inverse agonist that promotes wakefulness, had no effect on striatal dopamine, locomotion, or food intake. In addition, pitolisant, devoid of behavioral sensitization by itself, attenuated the hyperlocomotion induced by either modafinil or solriamfetol. Therefore, pitolisant presents biochemical, neurochemical, and behavioral profiles different from those of amphetamine and other psychostimulants such as modafinil or solriamfetol. In conclusion, pitolisant is a differentiated therapeutic option, when compared with psychostimulants, for the treatment of EDS, as this agent does not show any amphetamine‐like properties within in vivo preclinical models.
Morin attenuates osteoclast formation and function by suppressing the NF‐κB, MAPK and calcium signalling pathways
Authors: Shi Yifeng , Ye Lin , Shen Shiwei , Qian Tianchen , Pan Youjin , Jiang Yuhan , Lin Jinghao , Liu Chen , Wu Yaosen , Wang Xiangyang , Xu Jiake , Jin Haiming
Published: August 2021

Morin is a natural compound isolated from moraceae family members and has been reported to possess a range of pharmacological activities. However, the effects of morin on bone‐associated disorders and the potential mechanism remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti‐osteoclastogenic effect of morin in vitro and the potential therapeutic effects on ovariectomy (OVX)‐induced osteoporosis in vivo. In vitro, by using a bone marrow macrophage‐derived osteoclast culture system, we determined that morin attenuated receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)‐κB ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclast formation via the inhibition of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), NF‐κB and calcium pathways. In addition, the subsequent expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) and c‐fos was significantly suppressed by morin. In addition, NFATc1 downregulation led to the reduced expression of osteoclastogenesis‐related marker genes, such as V‐ATPase‐d2 and Integrin β3. In vivo, results provided that morin could effectively attenuate OVX‐induced bone loss in C57BL/6 mice. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that morin suppressed RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis via the NF‐κB, MAPK and calcium pathways, in addition, its function of preventing OVX‐induced bone loss in vivo, which suggested that morin may be a potential therapeutic agent for postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment.
Robust optimal transition maneuvers control for tail‐sitter unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Yang Yunjie , Yang Jiali , Wang Xiangyang , Zhu Jihong
Published: August 2021

Optimal transition has been widely studied for tail‐sitter unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, since the derived optimal control can only be applied in an open‐loop form, unmodeled dynamics and external disturbances cannot be restrained. Aiming at this problem, this article presents a method to obtain optimal transition maneuvers in the presence of these uncertainties. The approach includes two steps: nonlinear trajectory optimization and robust trajectory tracking. For the trajectory optimization, the minimum altitude variation front and back transition trajectories are derived. Different from existing optimal transition studies, considerable actuator margins are reserved in this step. Thus the tail‐sitter possesses control efforts to perform closed‐loop corrections for uncertainties. For the trajectory tracking, a robust controller in the form of feedforward plus feedback is proposed. The feedforward term directly employs the derived optimal control to improve the dynamic response of the system. The feedback term adopts linear control and acceleration‐based compensator to place desired poles and restrain all uncertainties. To the authors' knowledge, this article is the first time to study the tail‐sitter robust transition control method considering the transition optimality and actuator margins. It is proved that the tracking errors converge into a specified neighborhood of the origin in a finite time. Simulation studies corroborate the performance of the optimal transition trajectories and the robust trajectory tracking controller.
Supervised machine learning for power and bandwidth management in very high throughput satellite systems
Authors: Ortiz‐Gómez Flor G. , Tarchi Daniele , Martínez Ramón , Vanelli‐Coralli Alessandro , Salas‐Natera Miguel A. , Landeros‐Ayala Salvador
Published: August 2021

In the near future, very high throughput satellite (VHTS) systems are expected to have a high increase in traffic demand. However, this increase will not be uniform over the service area and will be also dynamic. A solution to this problem is given by flexible payload architectures; however, they require that resource management is performed autonomously and with low latency. In this paper, we propose the use of supervised machine learning, in particular a classification algorithm using a neural network, to manage the resources available in flexible payload architectures. Use cases are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, and a discussion is made on all the challenges that are presented.
Preparation and Characterization of Glucose and Sulfamate Double‐Modified Biodegradable Waterborne Polyurethane
Authors: Wu Guangfeng , Li Yingchun , Yang Zhihui , Zhang Huixuan
Published: August 2021

A kind of glucose and sulfamate double‐modified waterborne polyurethane (WPU) was synthesized by using glucose (GLC) and N‐[(2‐amionoethyl)‐amino] ethane sulphonated sodium (AAS) as internal crosslinking agent, polycaprolactone glycol (PCL) as soft segment, 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid (DMPA) and N‐[(2‐amionoethyl)‐amino] ethane sulphonated sodium (AAS) as hydrophilic monomers. The influences of AAS and GLC content on the WPU structure and properties were analyzed and characterized by high speed of centrifugation, particle size examination, ATR‐FTIR, TEM, DMA, TGA, SEM, tensile tests, contact angle, water uptake and degradation measurements. The test results indicated that the modified biodegradable WPU had great comprehensive properties. Compared with the unmodified polyurethane, the prepared cross‐linked WPU had a good stability (over 6 months), outstanding mechanical strength (51.55 MPa for WPU4 films) and biodegradability (the weight loss in soil and PBS/lipase reached 25.2 % and 11.8 % for 6 weeks), which made them appropriate supplements for the traditional waterborne polyurethanes in the future.
Exploring Ruthenium‐Based Organometallic Inhibitors against Plasmodium falciparum Calcium Dependent Kinase 2 (PfCDPK2): A Combined Ensemble Docking, QM/MM and Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Patel Dhaval , Athar Mohd , Jha Prakash C.
Published: August 2021

Recent advances in the metal‐organic framework (MOF) have accelerated the discovery of novel metal‐based anticancer, antibacterial and antimalarial compounds. This is substantiated by many serendipitously discovered metals (Ru, Rh, and Ir) based inhibitors that established the importance of metal inserted into the known organic scaffold. Conversely, it is possible to design novel bioactive compounds by mimicking hypervalent carbon atoms by transition metals. This process can be facilitated by computational drug discovery by treating metal centres using optimized parameters that can be used for molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Further, the method can be plugged with high computational power and refined algorithms to interpret chemical phenomena with atomic‐level insights. In the present work, we have demonstrated an approach for parameterizing three organometallic ligands (FLL, E52, and staurosporine) using MCPB.py. In particular, we report that E52 and FLL have a better shape complimentary and affinity compared to staurosporine identified inhibitor (staurosporine) against Calcium‐dependent protein kinases 2 (CDPK2). This study also revealed that a flexible approach (ensemble) outperforms the given target with dynamic movements. The calculated MM‐PBSA energies for staurosporine, FLL and E52 were −66.461±2.192, −67.182±1.971 and −91.339±2.745 kJ/mol, respectively.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of γ‐Fe2O3/rGO Hybrid Nanocomposite as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Feng Qianqian , Chen Zifeng , Zhou Ke , Sun Meiling , Ji Xianran , Zheng Hui , Zhang Yang
Published: August 2021

The preparation of a low‐cost, recycled and efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is highly desirable in fuel cells and metal‐air batteries. Herein, γ‐Fe2O3/reduced Graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite is fabricated through a simple and environmentally friendly approach and applied as a high‐performance ORR electrocatalyst. Multiple characterizations confirm the formation of γ‐Fe2O3/rGO nanocomposite and exhibit well crystal structure, microstructure, and magnetic properties. Furthermore, the cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry measurements confirm that the γ‐Fe2O3/rGO exhibits high ORR catalytic performance for the synergistic effect. Consequently, the obtained γ‐Fe2O3/rGO might be a promising non‐precious, cheap and recycled catalyst for fuel cells and metal‐air batteries.
Recent Developments in the Palladium‐Catalyzed/Norbornene‐Mediated Synthesis of Carbo‐ and Heterocycles
Authors: Patel Monak , Desai Bhargav , Ramani Arti , Dholakiya Bharatkumar Z. , Naveen Togati
Published: August 2021

Heterocycles and carbocyclic cores are ubiquitous scaffolds in organic molecules and important components of many natural products, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and organic materials. Thus, developing efficient synthetic methodologies for the easy generation of carbo‐ and heterocycles is an important goal in synthetic chemistry. This review is mainly focused on the recent developments in the synthesis of various carbo‐ and heterocyclic compounds via palladium catalyzed/norbornene mediated cascade process triggered byorthoC−H alkylation, amination or arylation of aryl iodides and covers the literature from 2010‐2021.
Research on the flexural performance of reinforced engineered cementitious composite beams
Authors: Jin Hesong , Li Fuhai , Hu Dinghan
Published: August 2021

The bending performance of polypropylene fiber reinforced engineered cementitious composite (PP‐ECC) beams was studied. A total of five reinforced concrete (RC) beams were prepared and tested. The test variables include matrix type, longitudinal reinforcement diameter, and longitudinal reinforcement ratio. The study found that ECC is an ideal building material to improve the bending performance of RC beams. For the failure mode, even if the ultimate load is reached, no local cracks are observed in the ECC beam. On the contrary, due to the high ductility of the ECC material, multiple microcracks appear in the tension zone of the beam. From the perspective of bending performance, the use of ECC materials as the matrix of RC beams can not only increase the cracking load, yield load, and ultimate load of RC beams but also increase its ductility and energy absorption capacity. A method for predicting the flexural bearing capacity of ECC beams considering the effect of fiber tensile stress is proposed. The experimental data in this study are compared with the experimental data in the previous literature, and the prediction results of this model and other previous models are obtained. The average ratio of the predicted value of the flexural bearing capacity of the RC beam to the experimental value is 0.979, and the coefficient of variation is 0.016.
Elektronenstrahlionenquellen für die Grundlagenforschung mit Strahlen hochgeladener Ionen
Authors: Ritter Erik , Philipp Alexandra
Published: August 2021

Die Grundlagenforschung mit hochgeladenen Ionen wird oft mit großen Teilchenbeschleunigern assoziiert, an denen die Strahlzeit begrenzt ist. Raumtemperatur Elektronenstrahlionenquellen bieten eine kompakte, preisgünstige und einfachere Möglichkeit diese exotischen Materiezustände direkt im Labor zu erzeugen. Im Artikel wird in die Funktionsweise einer Elektronenstrahlionenquelle eingeführt. Die technologischen Herausforderungen bei der Vakuumerzeugung und Manipulation werden diskutiert. Hochgeladene Ionen werden in verschiedenen Bereichen eingesetzt, beispielsweise für die Röntgenspektroskopie an hochgeladenen Ionen zur Identifikation charakteristischer Röntgenlinien in astronomischen Röntgenspektren. Weiterhin finden hochgeladene Ionen Anwendung bei der Vermessung von Kernradien und Massen, sowie für die dedizierte Erzeugung von kleinsten Oberflächenstrukturen. Die beiden letzten Anwendung werden an Hand der KOALA Anlage in Darmstadt zur Laserspektroskopie und der Arbeitsgruppe time4ions an der TU Wien erläutert.
Circular inclusion problem of two‐dimensional decagonal quasicrystals with interfacial rigid lines under concentrated force
Authors: Zhai Ting , Ma Yuan‐Yuan , Ding Sheng‐Hu , Zhao Xue‐Fen
Published: August 2021

The plane problem of two‐dimensional decagonal quasicrystals with a rigid circular arc inclusion was investigated under infinite tension and concentrated force. Based on complex representations of stresses and displacements of two‐dimensional decagonal quasicrystals, the above problem is transformed into Riemann boundary problem by using the analytic continuation principle of complex functions. The general solutions of two‐dimensional decagonal quasicrystals under the action of plane concentrated force and infinite uniform tension are derived. The closed solutions of complex potential functions in several typical cases are obtained, and the formula of singular stress field at the tip of rigid line inclusions is given. The results show that the stress field at the tip of circular arc rigid line inclusions has singularity of oscillation under plane load. Numerical examples are given to analyze the effects of inclusion radius, different inclusions, the coupling coefficient and phason field parameter on stress singularity coefficients.
Anomalous Z′ bosons for anomalous B decays
Authors: Davighi Joe
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Motivated by the intriguing discrepancies in b → sℓℓ transitions, the fermion mass problem, and a desire to preserve the accidental symmetries of the Standard Model (SM), we extend the SM by an anomalous U(1)X gauge symmetry where X = Y3 + a(Lμ− Lτ)/6. The heavy Z′ boson associated with spontaneously breaking U(1)X at the TeV scale mediates the b → sℓℓ anomalies via $$ {\mathcal{O}}_9^{\mu}\sim \frac{1}{\Lambda^2}\left(\overline{s}{\gamma}_{\rho }{P}_Lb\right)\left(\overline{\mu}{\gamma}^{\rho}\mu \right) $$

O
9
μ

~

1

Λ
2

s
¯

γ
ρ

P
L

b

μ
¯

γ
ρ

μ

. We show that this model, which features mixed gauge anomalies involving U(1)X and hypercharge, can be made anomaly-free for any a ∈ ℤ by integrating in a pair of charged fermions whose masses naturally reside somewhere between 1 and 30 TeV. The gauge symmetry permits only the third family Yukawas at the renormalisable level, and so the light quark masses and mixings are controlled by accidental U(2)3 flavour symmetries which we assume are minimally broken alongside U(1)X. The lepton sector is not governed by U(2) symmetries, but rather one expects a nearly diagonal charged lepton Yukawa with me,μ « mτ. The model does not explain the hierarchy me « mμ, but it does possess high quality lepton flavour symmetries that are robust to the heavy physics responsible for generating me,μ. We establish the viability of these models by checking agreement with the most important experimental constraints. We comment on how the model could also explain neutrino masses and the muon g − 2.
Strong coupling expansion of free energy and BPS Wilson loop in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 superconformal models with fundamental hypermultiplets
Authors: Beccaria M. , Dunne G. V. , Tseytlin A. A.
Published: August 2021

Abstract

As a continuation of the study (in arXiv:2102.07696 and arXiv:2104.12625) of strong-coupling expansion of non-planar corrections in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 4d superconformal models we consider two special theories with gauge groups SU(N) and Sp(2N). They contain N-independent numbers of hypermultiplets in rank 2 antisymmetric and fundamental representations and are planar-equivalent to the corresponding $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM theories. These $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 theories can be realised on a system of N D3-branes with a finite number of D7-branes and O7-plane; the dual string theories should be particular orientifolds of AdS5 × S5 superstring. Starting with the localization matrix model representation for the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 partition function on S4 we find exact differential relations between the 1/N terms in the corresponding free energy F and the $$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

-BPS Wilson loop expectation value $$ \left\langle \mathcal{W}\right\rangle $$

W

and also compute their large ’t Hooft coupling (λ » 1) expansions. The structure of these expansions is different from the previously studied models without fundamental hypermultiplets. In the more tractable Sp(2N) case we find an exact resummed expression for the leading strong coupling terms at each order in the 1/N expansion. We also determine the exponentially suppressed at large λ contributions to the non-planar corrections to F and $$ \left\langle \mathcal{W}\right\rangle $$

W

and comment on their resurgence properties. We discuss dual string theory interpretation of these strong coupling expansions.
Leptonic anomalous magnetic moments in ν SMEFT
Authors: Cirigliano Vincenzo , Dekens Wouter , de Vries Jordy , Fuyuto Kaori , Mereghetti Emanuele , Ruiz Richard
Published: August 2021

Abstract

We investigate contributions to the anomalous magnetic moments of charged leptons in the neutrino-extended Standard Model Effective Field Theory (νSMEFT). We discuss how νSMEFT operators can contribute to a lepton’s magnetic moment at one- and two-loop order. We show that only one operator can account for existing electronic and muonic discrepancies, assuming new physics appears above 1 TeV. In particular, we find that a right-handed charged current in combination with minimal sterile-active mixing can explain the discrepancy for sterile neutrino masses of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(100) GeV while avoiding direct and indirect constraints. We discuss how searches for sterile neutrino production at the (HL-)LHC, measurements of h→μ+μ− and searches for h→e+e−, neutrinoless double beta decay experiments, and improved unitarity tests of the CKM matrix can further probe the relevant parameter space.
Nonlinear Differential Equations Modeling the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Authors: Chu Jifeng , Marynets Kateryna
Published: August 2021

The aim of this paper is to study one class of nonlinear differential equations, which model the Antarctic circumpolar current. We prove the existence results for such equations related to the geophysical relevant boundary conditions. First, based on the weighted eigenvalues and the theory of topological degree, we study the semilinear case. Secondly, the existence results for the sublinear and superlinear cases are proved by fixed point theorems.
Mass spectrometry based high-throughput bioanalysis of low molecular weight compounds: are we ready to support personalized medicine?
Authors: Bravo-Veyrat Sophie , Hopfgartner Gérard
Published: August 2021

Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is the gold standard in bioanalysis for the development of quantitative assays to support drug development or therapeutic drug monitoring. High-throughput and low-cost gene sequencing have enabled a paradigm shift from one treatment fits all to personalized medicine (PM). However, gene monitoring provides only partial information about the health state. The full picture requires the combination of gene monitoring with the screening of exogenous compounds, metabolites, lipids, and proteins. This critical review discusses how mass spectrometry–based technologies and approaches including separation sciences, ambient ionization, and ion mobility are/could be used to support high-throughput bioanalysis of endogenous end exogenous low molecular weight compounds. It includes also various biological sample types (from blood to expired air), and various sample preparation techniques.

Graphical abstract
Convolution neural network for the diagnosis of wireless capsule endoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qin Kaiwen , Li Jianmin , Fang Yuxin , Xu Yuyuan , Wu Jiahao , Zhang Haonan , Li Haolin , Liu Side , Li Qingyuan
Published: August 2021

Background

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is considered to be a powerful instrument for the diagnosis of intestine diseases. Convolution neural network (CNN) is a type of artificial intelligence that has the potential to assist the detection of WCE images. We aimed to perform a systematic review of the current research progress to the CNN application in WCE.

Methods

A search in PubMed, SinoMed, and Web of Science was conducted to collect all original publications about CNN implementation in WCE. Assessment of the risk of bias was performed by Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 risk list. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were calculated by an exact binominal rendition of the bivariate mixed-effects regression model.I2was used for the evaluation of heterogeneity.

Results

16 articles with 23 independent studies were included. CNN application to WCE was divided into detection on erosion/ulcer, gastrointestinal bleeding (GI bleeding), and polyps/cancer. The pooled sensitivity of CNN for erosion/ulcer is 0.96 [95% CI 0.91, 0.98], for GI bleeding is 0.97 (95% CI 0.93–0.99), and for polyps/cancer is 0.97 (95% CI 0.82–0.99). The corresponding specificity of CNN for erosion/ulcer is 0.97 (95% CI 0.93–0.99), for GI bleeding is 1.00 (95% CI 0.99–1.00), and for polyps/cancer is 0.98 (95% CI 0.92–0.99).

Conclusion

Based on our meta-analysis, CNN-dependent diagnosis of erosion/ulcer, GI bleeding, and polyps/cancer approached a high-level performance because of its high sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, future perspective, CNN has the potential to become an important assistant for the diagnosis of WCE.
Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis of coherent motions in a turbulent annular jet
Authors: Zhang Y. , Vanierschot M.
Published: August 2021

A three-dimensional incompressible annular jet is simulated by the large eddy simulation (LES) method at a Reynolds number Re = 8 500. The time-averaged velocity field shows an asymmetric wake behind the central bluff-body although the flow geometry is symmetric. The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis of the velocity fluctuation vectors is conducted to study the flow dynamics of the wake flow. The distribution of turbulent kinetic energy across the three-dimensional POD modes shows that the first four eigenmodes each capture more than 1% of the turbulent kinetic energy, and hence their impact on the wake dynamics is studied. The results demonstrate that the asymmetric mean flow in the near-field of the annular jet is related to the first two POD modes which correspond to a radial shift of the stagnation point. The modes 3 and 4 involve the stretching or squeezing effects of the recirculation region in the radial direction. In addition, the spatial structure of these four POD eigenmodes also shows the counter-rotating vortices in the streamwise direction downstream of the flow reversal region.
Beginnings of Jaina Ontology and Its Models
Authors: Balcerowicz Piotr
Published: August 2021

The paper analyses the beginnings of systematic ontology in Jainism, which appears to have began after first century CE, albeit certain ontology-relevant terminology in a nascent form was present earlier. A clear expression of systematic ontological reflection is the existence of models that organize ideas and categories in a more consistent conceptual scheme. Jainism follows similar developments that had earlier taken shape in in the early Buddhist Abhidharma, proto-Sāṁkhya-Yoga and proto-Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika. In addition, the paper argues that the models, five in total, can be used as a methodological tool to distinguish various historical layers in early Jaina writings.
Synthesis of silver nanoparticle-decorated hydroxyapatite nanocomposite with combined bioactivity and antibacterial properties
Authors: Bee Soo-Ling , Bustami Yazmin , Ul-Hamid A. , Lim Keemi , Abdul Hamid Z. A.
Published: August 2021

Combination of bioactive material such as hydroxyapatite (HAp) with antibacterial agents would have great potential to be used as bone implant materials to avert possible bacterial infection that can lead to implant-associated diseases. The present study aimed to develop an antibacterial silver nanoparticle-decorated hydroxyapatite (HAp/AgNPs) nanocomposite using chemical reduction and thermal calcination approaches. In this work, natural HAp that was extracted from chicken bone wastes is used as support matrix for the deposition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to produce HAp/AgNPs nanocomposite. XRD, FESEM-EDX, HRTEM, and XPS analyses confirmed that spherical AgNPs were successfully synthesized and deposited on the surface of HAp particles, and the amount of AgNPs adhered on the HAp surface increased with increasing AgNO3 concentration used. The synthesized HAp/AgNPs nanocomposites demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, where the antibacterial efficiency is relied on the amount and size of deposited AgNPs. In addition, the in vitro bioactivity examination in Hank’s balanced salt solution showed that more apatite were grown on the surface of HAp/AgNPs nanocomposite when AgNO3 concentration used >1 wt.%. Such nanocomposite with enhanced bioactivity and antibacterial properties emerged as a promising biomaterial to be applied for dentistry and orthopedic implantology.
On the Acquisition of Polarity Items: 11- to 12-Year-Olds' Comprehension of German NPIs and PPIs
Authors: Schwab Juliane , Liu Mingya , Mueller Jutta L.
Published: August 2021

Existing work on the acquisition of polarity-sensitive expressions (PSIs) suggests that children show an early sensitivity to the restricted distribution of negative polarity items (NPIs), but may be delayed in the acquisition of positive polarity items (PPIs). However, past studies primarily targeted PSIs that are highly frequent in children’s language input. In this paper, we report an experimental investigation on children’s comprehension of two NPIs and two PPIs in German. Based on corpus data indicating that the four tested PSIs are present in child-directed speech but rare in young children’s utterances, we conducted an auditory rating task with adults and 11- to 12-year-old children. The results demonstrate that, even at 11–12 years of age, children do not yet show a completely target-like comprehension of the investigated PSIs. While they are adult-like in their responses to one of the tested NPIs, their responses did not demonstrate a categorical distinction between licensed and unlicensed PSI uses for the other tested expressions. The effect was led by a higher acceptance of sentences containing unlicensed PSIs, indicating a lack of awareness for their distributional restrictions. The results of our study pose new questions for the developmental time scale of the acquisition of polarity items.
The impact of multimorbidity patterns on health-related quality of life in the general population: results of the Belgian Health Interview Survey
Authors: Van Wilder Lisa , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Clays Els , De Buyser Stefanie , Van der Heyden Johan , Charafeddine Rana , Boeckxstaens Pauline , De Bacquer Dirk , Vandepitte Sophie , De Smedt Delphine
Published: August 2021

Background

Chronic diseases and multimorbidity are a major cause of disease burden—for patients, caregivers, and society. Little is known however about potential interaction effects between specific disease combinations. Besides an additive effect, the presence of multiple conditions could also act synergistically or antagonistically regarding the impact on patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim was to estimate the impact of coexisting chronic diseases on HRQoL of the adult general Belgian population.

Methods

The Belgian Health Interview Survey 2018 provided data on self-reported chronic conditions and HRQoL (EQ-5D-5L) for a nationally representative sample. Linear mixed models were used to analyze two-way and three-way interactions of disease combinations on HRQoL.

Results

Multimorbidity had a prevalence of 46.7% (≥ 2 conditions) and 29.7% (≥ 3 conditions). HRQoL decreased considerably with the presence of multiple chronic diseases. 14 out of 41 dyad combinations and 5 out of 13 triad combinations showed significant interactions, with a dominant presence of negative/synergistic effects. Positive/antagonistic effects were found in more subjective chronic diseases such as depression and chronic fatigue. Conditions appearing the most frequently in significant disease pair interactions were dorsopathies, respiratory diseases, and arthropathies.

Conclusions

Diverse multimorbidity patterns, both dyads and triads, were synergistically or antagonistically associated with lower HRQoL. Tackling the burden of multimorbidity is needed, especially because most disease combinations affect each other synergistically, resulting in a greater reduction in HRQoL. Further knowledge about those multimorbidity patterns with a greater impact on HRQoL is needed to better understand disease burden beyond mortality and morbidity data.
Design and Implementation of Super Wide Band Triple Band-Notched MIMO Antennas
Authors: Ahmed Bazil Taha , Carreras Darío Castro , Marin Eduardo Garcia
Published: August 2021

In this article, a triple band-notched super-wideband (SWB) monopole antenna is designed and manufactured. The measured working frequency band (out of the filters working band) ranges from 2.5 to 20 GHz. A single radiating element is utilized to analyze and implement various MIMO antennas, with isolation between the antenna ports higher than 15 dB. Two parallel-fed elements SWB MIMO antenna and four parallel-fed elements SWB MIMO antennas are presented. Metallic barriers with different shapes are used to improve the isolation among ports from a low unacceptable value of 12 dB to a value higher than 20 dB within most of the working frequency band. S-parameters of the presented SWB MIMO antennas experimentally shows that antennas perform well up to 20 GHz, which is the highest frequency supported by the available Vector Network Analyzer used in the S parameters measurements. Satisfactory performance is observed up to 50 GHz by computer simulations using the CST software.
Psychometric Validation of the Indonesian Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Personality Traits Predict the Fear of COVID-19
Authors: Nazari Nabi , Safitri Shahnaz , Usak Muhammet , Arabmarkadeh Arman , Griffiths Mark D.
Published: August 2021

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health crisis that has generated fear and negative psychological consequences. The present study evaluated the validity and factor structure of Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) among a sample from the general Indonesian population. The English version of the FCV-19S was translated and back-translated into Indonesian language, followed by a pilot study. Using convenience sampling method, a total of 728 participants completed an online survey distributed on various social media platforms. The survey included the FCV-19S, personality traits (neuroticism and extraversion), Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The Indonesian FCV-19S had very good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega) and composite reliability (alpha = 0.88, omega = .86, composite reliability = .87). Maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test construct validity (χ2/df = 2.51, CFI = .984, SRMR = .028, PCLOSE = .15 > .05, RMSEA = .06, 90% CI [.03, .09]). As for criterion-related validity, the FCV-19S score positively correlated with the score on PHQ-9, GAD-7, negative affect, and neuroticism and negatively correlated with extraversion. Negative affect was identified as the most important predictor of the fear of COVID-19. Personality traits also predicted the fear of COVID-19. The findings provide evidence that the FCV-19S is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing fear generated by COVID-19 among a healthy Indonesian-speaking population.
Can Cycling Be Addictive? A Qualitative Interview Study Among Amateur Female Cyclists
Authors: Baker Florence , Griffiths Mark D. , Calado Filipa
Published: August 2021

Exercise and healthy eating are proposed as a recommended lifestyle by the World Health Organization with several positive outcomes, including a decrease in pathologies such as diabetes and reduction in mortality rates. However, research suggests that there is the potential for exercise behaviour to become addictive among a small minority of individuals, which detrimentally impacts their lives. The risk of exercise addiction increases for endurance sports, of which cycling is considered one, given the intense physical and psychological demands, due to elevation and distance, in amateur cycling events. Understanding the risk factors specific to cycling is worthy of investigation, as it is not clear whether cycling can become an addiction. Using the ‘addiction component model’ as a framework, qualitative analysis was used to determine whether symptoms of addiction were present among a sample of eight female cyclists. Through the use of thematic analysis, the results showed that symptoms of addiction were reported by participants. Three themes were generated from research interviews comprising ‘addiction components’ (i.e. salience, conflict, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, and cycling despite health problems), ‘enabling infrastructure’ (i.e. supportive work, supportive family and friends), and ‘striving for excellence’ (i.e. needing to be the best, pushing too far, and having unrealistic expectation), currently measured in the ‘addiction component model’. There were also novel themes including ‘cycling above health’ where the participant continues to cycle against medical advice; ‘enabling infrastructure’ where work, family, and friends are accepting of cycling; and ‘striving for excellence’ where the participants ‘needing to be the best’ when comparing themselves to their peers, ‘pushing too far’ to achieve the goal set, and finally ‘unrealistic expectations’ resulting in negative comparison to peers. These findings suggest that addiction to cycling should be investigated further, and implications may necessitate clinical intervention to find alternative coping mechanisms when exercise is not available to an individual as there is a likelihood that individuals will continue to exercise in spite of injury and against medical advice.
Frame analysis of psychotherapists’ perspectives on the development of psychological disorders
Authors: Riachi Eve , Holma Juha , Laitila Aarno
Published: August 2021

The development of psychological disorders has been explained by several psychological theories and remains under debate. Psychotherapists, however, have insights into the emergence and development of psychological disorders that stem from both theory and practice. The constantly evolving field of psychotherapy prompts reconsideration, specifically when psychotherapists’ views on the development of disorders impacts their treatment approach. In addition, theoretical orientation and years of clinical experience, while known to influence psychotherapists’ viewpoints also merit further study. Applying Erving Goffman’s frame analysis, semi structured interviews with psychotherapists were conducted to determine their perspectives on the emergence of mental disorders. Biological, environmental, and psychological factors were mentioned both separately and in combination by the therapists. These factors, or frames, were then analyzed in relation to the therapists’ therapeutic approaches and length of clinical experience. The analysis showed that the frames employed by the therapists were influenced by several therapeutic orientations. Moreover, therapists with more than ten years of clinical experience mentioned a combination of factors slightly more often than single factors alone. In sum, the findings showed that therapists perceived the development of mental disorders as highly complex and as an outcome of multiple factors. War was also mentioned as an environmental factor in the development of mental disorders. As this finding was clearly a country-specific environmental factor, future studies should explore the possible role of country-specific environmental factors in different countries.
Il gozzo multinodulare
Authors: Brancatella Alessandro , Viola Nicola , Sgrò Daniele , Ricci Debora , Vitti Paolo , Santini Ferruccio , Latrofa Francesco
Published: August 2021

Sommario

Si definisce gozzo l’incremento diffuso o nodulare della ghiandola tiroidea. Il suo sviluppo è legato a fattori genetici e ambientali, di cui il più importante è rappresentato dalla carenza iodica. L’inquadramento clinico prevede un’attenta valutazione dei sintomi, dei segni, dei risultati degli esami ormonali, delle caratteristiche ecografiche e citologiche. Il trattamento deve essere poi individualizzato tenendo conto della disponibilità di molteplici opzioni terapeutiche.