bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Welfare Aspects of Immunosuppression in Poultry Farming
Authors: Alispahic Amra , Softic Adis , Kustura Aida , Omeragic Jasmin , Goletic Teufik
Published: June 2024

Immunosuppression refers to a condition in which the body’s immune system becomes weakened or suppressed, making them more susceptible to infections, diseases and other health problems. Immunosuppression in poultry can be caused by a variety of factors, including infectious activity (viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi), environmental stress, malnutrition, and poor management. Viruses have the most dominant immunosuppressive effect on the poultry population, especially infectious bursitis virus, infectious anemia virus and Marek’s disease virus. Immunosuppression in poultry can have significant consequences on their health, welfare, and overall productivity. The biggest losses in poultry production are reflected in reduced growth and performance of individuals, reduced egg production and shell quality, increased morbidity and mortality rates, and greater susceptibility of immunocompromised individuals to secondary infections. Effective management strategies are key to minimizing the impact of immunosuppression in poultry. Biosecurity measures, strict hygiene protocols, immunoprophylaxis, control, and reduced transport of poultry and people, adequate diet, and correct husbandry and housing conditions are some of the factors that result in prevention and/or solvation of this problem.
Bread Aroma and Flavour Creation Factors
Authors: Oručević Žuljević Sanja , Spaho Nermina
Published: June 2024

Bread is typically defined as being light and airy, with palatable and mild taste, and is very common in the diet of people, regardless of gender, person’s age, or socioeconomic standing. It is a typical food that supplies the majority of daily energy intake and consists mainly of carbohydrates. When it comes to food, the aroma of freshly baked bread is regarded as one of the most preferred ones. Numerous studies have been conducted on aroma of bread, and over 540 volatile components have been found. Alkaloids, aldehydes, esters, ketones, acids, pyrazines, and pyrrolines are the most significant groups in terms of quantity; furans, hydrocarbons, and lactones are also mentioned. Nevertheless, the final bread aroma is mostly determined by a very small number of these chemicals. Numerous factors, including the flour and its extraction milling rate, additional ingredients in the bread recipe, the method, regimes, and time frame for fermentation process, affect the final aroma of the bread. Since the final bread aroma is created during baking, baking conditions are equally essential to its creation. In this sense, the text states the factors that affect aroma of bread and describes their function.
Headache and Dizziness as Prevailing Clinical Manifestations in Parkinson's Patients Following COVID-19
Authors: Haddadi Mohammad , Meamarzadegan Yasamin , Vasheghani Farahani Ali , Etrati Kooshali Alireza , Sarrafzadeh Sheida , Ghafari Parsa , Nobaveh Parsa , Salahi Ardekani Omid , Taghiabadi Zahra , Motlaghzadeh Saeed , Damghani Sepehr , Letafati Arash
Published: June 2024

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has posed significant global health challenges, particularly for vulnerable populations. Objectives: This retrospective report from the Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD) investigates the common clinical symptoms of COVID-19 in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Research suggests neurological complications can occur during SARS-CoV-2 infection, but there are limited studies on neurological symptoms in PD patients with COVID-19. Given the probable heightened vulnerability of PD patients, evaluating clinical symptoms, especially neurological manifestations, is crucial. Methods: Data from 54 patients were collected from the INRVD from March 2020 to May 2021. Nasal, oropharyngeal, and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from patients presenting with respiratory symptoms, following Iranian CDC guidelines. Following sample collection, RT-PCR assays were performed for COVID-19 confirmation. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Results: Among the 54 PD patients included in the study, 27 tested positive for COVID-19. Of the 54 subjects analyzed, 38.9% were female and 61.1% were male. Comparison of COVID-19 symptoms revealed a higher rate of sore throat (74%) and shortness of breath (81%) in the COVID-19 positive group as common clinical symptoms of the disease. Interestingly, higher rates of dizziness (67%) and headache (74%) were observed in PD patients with COVID-19. Conclusions: This study enhances our understanding of the diverse clinical manifestations of COVID-19 and its impact on individuals with underlying health conditions such as PD. The increased prevalence of neurological symptoms among PD patients underscores the need for further investigation to clarify whether these symptoms directly result from COVID-19 infection or if they may also be influenced by PD itself or its treatment. It is important to consider that while neurological symptoms in Parkinson's patients can be attributed to the underlying disorder or linked to medication and medical interventions, respiratory symptoms are typically associated with COVID-19.
Investigating the Prevalence of Protein S, Protein C, Factor V Leiden, and Homocysteine Disorders in Patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Badfar Ali , Saki Najmaldin , Nakhostin Forough , Ghanbaran Alireza , Rajaei Elham
Published: June 2024

Background: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a non-inflammatory autoimmune disease primarily characterized by thrombosis. Previous studies have indicated that disorders in proteins S and C, Factor V Leiden, and homocysteine levels can contribute to the occurrence of miscarriage in patients with APS. Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of protein S, protein C, Factor V Leiden, and homocysteine disorders in patients with APS. Methods: This research was conducted as a retrospective study, utilizing the clinical information of patients who were referred to Golestan Ahvaz Hospital and whose records were available. A pre-prepared checklist was used to extract and record patients' clinical information, including demographic data, prevalence of miscarriage, vascular disorders (arterial and venous), pulmonary and venous thrombosis, preterm labor, intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and disorders or deficiencies of proteins C and S, as well as homocysteine levels. Results: In the present study, the results showed that a reduction in proteins C and S was observed in 18 (15.1%) and 20 (16.8%) patients, respectively. Thrombosis was present in 103 (86.6%) patients, and 27 (22.7%) patients had Aps Ab. The results indicated a statistically significant relationship between protein C deficiency, thrombosis, vascular events, and the presence of Abs in patients (P < 0.05) Additionally, a significant relationship was found between protein C deficiency and IUFD (P < 0.05). However, no significant relationship was observed between Aps Ab and IUFD or IUGR (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The results indicated that protein C can be used as a diagnostic factor in AP patients. Additionally, protein C was associated with IUFD in these patients.
Mothers' Experiences of Children Undergoing Congenital Heart Disease Surgery: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Moosazad Yaghoub , Valizadeh Fatemeh , Ghasemi Fatemeh , Karami Kimia
Published: June 2024

Background: Surgery for children with congenital heart disease (CHD) elevates maternal physical and mental stress, potentially impacting the quality of care provided to the child. Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate mothers' experiences surrounding their child's CHD surgery. Methods: In this qualitative content analysis study, we included 20 mothers of children admitted to Tehran Children's Medical Center Hospital for CHD surgery using purposive sampling. Unstructured interviews and field notes were utilized perioperatively for data collection. Analysis was conducted concurrently with data collection employing the Graneheim and Lundman content analysis approach. Rigor was ensured using Lincoln and Guba’s criteria. Results: The findings were categorized into four themes: (1) "The Bitter and Difficult Motherhood Experience" stemming from the shock of the child's abnormality and subsequent challenges in caregiving; (2) mothers engaged in "In Search of Reassurance," striving for accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment quality through information seeking and accessing superior medical services; (3) "Tides in Supportive Networks" reflected varying degrees of support from personnel, peers, and surrounding individuals, ranging from conscientiousness to stressfulness; (4) Mothers attained a state of "Relative Calm After the Storm" by navigating through the surgery or deal with spirituality and hope despite enduring anxieties. Conclusions: The journey through a child's CHD surgery proved harrowing for mothers due to the initial shock and ongoing caregiving challenges. Care provision should prioritize maternal readiness and empowerment, emphasize professional conduct, reassurance, spiritual care, and steer social support networks toward positive contributions.
Facial Acne Management and Sebum Reduction via Botulinum Toxin Type a Treatment: A Review
Authors: Maden Serap
Published: June 2024

Context: Acne is a common skin condition characterized by chronic inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit. Increased sebum production is a key component of acne pathogenesis. Various therapies are available for acne, including topical, systemic, and physical treatments. Botulinum toxin is increasingly used in facial cosmetic procedures. Observations suggest that botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) may reduce sebum levels in the face. This finding could potentially lead to the development of a new treatment for oily skin and acne. Evidence Acquisition: A retrospective literature review was conducted by searching the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases using keywords such as "acne," "acne treatment," "oily skin," and "botulinum toxin type A." The review focused on studies that assessed the impact of BoNT-A on patients with acne vulgaris and oily skin, as well as studies that measured skin sebum levels and pore size following BoNT-A application. Results: Nine studies were reviewed. Of these, two evaluated the effects of BoNT-A on 30 and 35 patients with acne vulgaris. Four studies assessed sebum reduction in 20, 50, 42, and 20 patients. Three studies evaluated both sebum reduction and pore size tightening in 10, 25, and 20 patients. Eight studies demonstrated that the application of BoNT-A has a positive effect on patients with acne and reduces sebum production in facial skin. Only one study, which evaluated both sebum reduction and pore size tightening, found no significant effect. Overall, the studies indicate that BoNT-A application can positively impact acne and reduce facial sebum production. Specifically, intradermal application of BoNT-A at low dosages can help reduce acne, sebum production, and tighten pores. Conclusions: BoNT-A shows promise as a treatment for acne and oily skin. While cost-effectiveness may be a challenge for some patients, the benefits of BoNT-A make it a treatment option worth considering. With further studies to optimize dosages and determine the longest duration of efficacy, BoNT-A has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of acne and oily skin.
Silencios elocuentes
Authors: Martí Arís Carlos
Published: June 2024

A medida que el turbulento siglo XX se aproxima a su fin, va creciendo la importancia de un puñado de obras y de artífices que, habiendo hundido en él sus raíces, han cultivado la poética del silencio y han sido capaces de interpretar, a través de ella, la realidad caótica y huidiza de nuestra época. Al intento de desentrañar algunas claves de esa poética del silencio van destinadas estas páginas.

El texto se estructura a partir de cinco breves estudios sobre otros tantos artistas contemporáneos que han hecho del silencio un ingrediente sustancial de su obra: Jorge Luis Borges, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Yasuhiro Ozu, Mark Rothko y Jorge Oteiza.

Más allá de las importantes diferencias geográficas y culturales que les separan, hay un rasgo común en la obra de estos cinco maestros: el rechazo del arte entendido como una histérica agresión a los sentidos que la pseudocultura mediática promueve y la afirmación del arte como contemplación, como introspección destinada a desvelar el misterio del mundo.
Pengaruh Digital Terhadap Pendidikan Anak dalam Tafsir Al-Munir di Yayasan Tahfidz Al-Huffadz
Authors: Utama Putra Bagaskara , Syukri
Published: June 2024

Pendidikan harus beradaptasi dengan lanskap digital yang berubah dengan cepat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bisnis yang terkait dengan perluasan kesempatan pendidikan, khususnya di pendidikan anak usia dini. Pesatnya kemajuan teknologi digital ini memiliki implikasi yang signifikan bagi setiap aspek kehidupan, termasuk pendidikan. Penelitian akan berlangsung di Yayasan Tahfidz Al Huffadz Kec. Bandar Kab. Simalungun dari tanggal 10–18 Januari 2023. Menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan jenis metode korelasional. Jumlah subjek di Yayasan Tahfidz Al-Huffadz, yaitu tiga puluh orang, adalah ukuran sampel untuk penelitian ini. Tafsir Al-Munir di Yayasan Tahfidz Al-Huffadz menunjukkan hubungan yang kuat dan positif antara digital dan pendidikan anak, menurut hasil Pearson Correlation, yaitu 0,973% dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,00 < 0,05. Selanjutnya, peneliti juga melakukan analisis menyeluruh terhadap perbedaan antara variable X dan variable Y. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa R2 (R Square) = 0,947. Kemudian, dengan menggunakan rumus koefesien determenasi KD = R2 x 100%, kami menemukan persentase pengaruh angket digital (X) dan pendidikan anak (Y) yang signifikan sebesar 94,7%.
Legal Aspects of Consumer Protection in E-Commerce Transactions: Implementation and Urgency of Regulations in the Digitalization Era
Authors: Sella Ellissa Devita Sari  , Mutiara Wikant Saphira  , Theodore Sibarani
Published: June 2024

Digitalization is an activation of the use of digital-based technology. This process is certainly influenced by increasingly sophisticated technological developments. Currently, digitalization continues to develop and expands to all areas of human life, such as education, industry, electronic transactions, electronic media and other fields. Digitalization is here to provide efficiency, effectiveness, provide convenience, and shorten time for individual and group performance. Electronic transactions are transactions carried out between sellers and buyers in contractual relationships using an electronic system. Electronic transactions can be used by anyone, anytime and anywhere. People as consumers get convenience, speed, ease of payment systems, time efficiency when carrying out electronic transactions using E-commerce or other media. On the other hand, electronic transactions still have shortcomings. Lack of use of electronic transactions such as the enactment of standard contracts, legal terms of agreement in drafting contracts have not been implemented effectively, electronic system and transaction operators have not provided legal protection for consumers if losses arise, termination of access to consumers, identity changes by sellers, fraud, and many more . Therefore, Consumer Legal Protection is very important in carrying out electronic transactions. The state can play a role in providing legal protection for consumers through preventive, repressive efforts, as well as with legislation for the interests of weak parties.
Phyllanthus novofriburgensis and P. pedrosae, two new species of Phyllanthus subsect. Clausseniani (Phyllanthaceae) from Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Mendes Jone Clebson Ribeiro , Braga João Marcelo Alvarenga , Fraga Claudio Nicoletti de , Athiê-Souza Sarah Maria
Published: June 2024

Phyllanthus novofriburgensis J.C.R.Mendes, J.M.A.Braga & Fraga sp. nov. and P. pedrosae J.C.R.Mendes, J.M.A.Braga & Fraga sp. nov. are new species of Phyllanthaceae described from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Brazilian Cerrado, respectively. Phyllanthus novofriburgensis resembles P. acutifolius Poir. ex Spreng., P. hypoleucus Müll.Arg. and P. lilliputianus J.C.R.Mendes, J.M.A.Braga & Fraga, sharing ovate, elliptical, and lanceolate leaf blades. However, it can be distinguished by its pendulous habit, often with sinuous branches and lanceolate leaf blades with characteristically revolute margins. Phyllanthus pedrosae exhibits morphological similarities with P. claussenii Müll.Arg. due to its subshrubby and prostrate habit. It is distinghuished by the unisexual inflorescence with cymules composed of one or two staminate flowers proximally positioned in the axil of the branches and solitary pistillate flowers distally situated, and the 5-merous calyx in the staminate and pistillate flowers. Both new species are classified in Phyllanthus subgen. Phyllanthus sect. Phyllanthus subsect. Clausseniani G.L.Webster, primarily due to the deeply emarginate anthers. Notes on their geographical distribution and habitat are provided, as well as a key to the species of Phyllanthus from Southeastern Brazil.
AIR POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECT ON HUMAN HEALTH
Authors: Bhardwaj Laxmi Kant , Singh Vinay Vikram
Published: June 2024

Air pollution is a man-made environmental-related problem and has importance globally among all environmental issues. It is described as an atmospheric situation in which several components appear at high attention above their ambient level and generate a quantifiable effect on vegetation, animals, and people. Air pollution and its control are a universal problem and have become an issue of great trouble for us in current years. However, monitoring and measurement of the concentration of air pollutants are most difficult in assessment to monitoring other components in the environment. Air pollutants are transported to polar regions by different mechanisms such as long-range atmospheric transport or grasshopper effects and via anthropogenic activities. After reaching the polar regions, they settle down and remain as such for a long-time due to their persistent nature. They can distress the environment and wildlife of the polar regions. Generally, dangerous chemicals may cause a risk of well-being effects, whereas lethal pollutants focus on one physiological reaction. We reviewed the available information on air pollution (occurrence, sources, and harmful effects) in the polar regions.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (SWM) AND ITS EFFECT ON ENVIRONMENT & HUMAN HEALTH
Authors: Gupta Priya , Sharma Aarzoo , Bhardwaj Laxmi Kant
Published: June 2024

Solid waste has become a tenacious issue worldwide. It has been increasing exponentially due to urbanization and the increase in the population. Since the twentieth-century technological revolution, there have been significant changes in the composition of solid waste. It poses significant challenges for waste management systems worldwide. Waste management is the process of handling waste right from its creation to its final disposal, including transport, collection, treatment, and monitoring. The present solid waste management (SWM) system is affected by unfavorable institutional, economic, technical, legislative, and operational constraints. Poor waste management is affecting ecosystems and human health, damaging our finite natural resources, impeding human economic progress, and harming people's quality of life. Now, researchers are concerned about the environment's degradation, a decline in quality of life, and risks related to waste management grow as the volume of solid waste. So, they are focusing on sustainable waste management practices which will be crucial for creating a cleaner and healthier environment for future generations. This chapter focuses on the concept of solid waste, its types, management, and its effect on the health of humans and the environment.
AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY: NURTURING THE EARTH FOR PRESENT AND FUTURE GENERATIONS
Authors: Bhatia Karan Singh
Published: June 2024

Understanding Agriculture Sustainability: This article provides a comprehensive exploration of agriculture sustainability, aiming to enhance our understanding of the intricate balance required to cultivate food while preserving the health of our planet. Environmental Stewardship: Tending to Earth: Delving into the core principles of environmental stewardship, we discuss practices that promote soil health, biodiversity, and water conservation. By examining sustainable farming techniques, we illustrate how farmers can act as stewards of the land, fostering ecological resilience for future generations. Balancing Economic Viability in Sustainable Agriculture: Recognizing the economic challenges in adopting sustainable practices, this section examines strategies for achieving a harmonious balance between environmental stewardship and economic viability. We explore innovative business models, financial incentives, and market-driven approaches that empower farmers to thrive while embracing sustainability. Social Eqty in Agriculture Sustainability: Nurturing Communities and the Earth: Emphasizing the inseparable link between social equity and sustainable agriculture, we explore initiatives that prioritize the well-being of farming communities. By fostering inclusive practices, fair trade, and community engagement, we advocate for a holistic approach that nurtures both people and the planet. Navigating Challenges in Agriculture Sustainability: Acknowledging the complexities inherent in transitioning to sustainable agriculture, this section identifies and addresses challenges faced by farmers, policymakers, and stakeholders. From technological barriers to policy gaps, we analyze the hurdles and propose solutions to pave the way for a smoother transition to sustainable practices. Pathways Toward Sustainability: Drawing on insights from successful case studies and emerging trends, we present actionable pathways toward sustainability. This includes a roadmap for integrating environmental, economic, and social considerations into farming practices, policy frameworks, and global initiatives. Conclusion: We underscore the interconnected nature of environmental stewardship, economic viability, and social equity in agriculture sustainability. By understanding and navigating these dimensions, we can collectively work towards building a resilient and sustainable future for agriculture, ensuring the prosperity of both communities and the Earth.
INTERPRETING HEALTH TRENDS: EPIDEMIOLOGY'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO UNDERSTANDING DISEASES
Authors: Wankhade Sushant , Wankhade Isha , P Gurukiran , Rattu Gurdeep
Published: June 2024

This chapter provides an overview of the epidemiological trends and patterns of three distinct but significant diseases: Respiratory tract infections such as common cold, sinus infections, tonsils and laryngitis, Neurological diseases like Alzheimer disease and Parkinson’s disease, and endocrine diseases like Diabetes mellitus and Osteoporosis. Understanding the prevalence, risk factors, and distribution of these conditions is crucial for informing public health strategies and clinical interventions. Globally, these infections are an important cause of sickness and death. Immunocompromised people, children, and the elderly are particularly at risk. Neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease primarily impact the elderly. The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease has been rising rapidly, and more people throughout the world are becoming affected. Age, genetics, and lifestyle choices all have significant consequences on how it develops. The prevalence of Parkinson's disease, which is marked by motor dysfunction, is also rising. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes create serious problems for the general population's health. Because of variables like obesity, sedentary lifestyles, and genetic susceptibility, the prevalence of diabetes has increased over the past few decades. Osteoporosis, which is characterized by decreased bone density and an elevated risk of fracture, primarily affects the elderly, especially postmenopausal women. Its widespread prevalence around the world raises serious public health issues.
MICROPROPAGATION OF MICROCOS PANICULATA L.USING SHOOT TIP EXPLANTS
Authors: Haripyaree Adhikarimayum , Guneshwor Kshetrimayum
Published: June 2024

To develop protocols for micropropagation of Microcos paniculata L several experiments were carried out by using shoot tip explants from seedling. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of Benzyl amino purine (BA), NAA and Kn singly or in combination was used to determine the rate of shoot proliferation. Among the tested cytokynins, Kn proved to be most effective. For rooting, NAA, IBA and IAA were used as plant growth regulators in MS media. The response of NAA was superior to IAA and IBA for root induction. MS media is supplemented with BAP, 24D & TDZ was used for trial of Callus Induction. 24D in combination with BAP and TDZ alone were found to be best for Callus Induction. The present study confirms that micropropagation of M. paniculata L can be efficiently preformed by using cytokinins of low concentrations.
WATER FOOTPRINT: MAKING THE INVISIBLE VISIBLE
Authors: Fatima Afreen , Parihar Apoorva Singh , Yadav Sadanand , Tiwari Brijlesh , Srivastava Deepa
Published: June 2024

Water is a precious resource that is required for maintaining ecosystems and supporting life. Understanding and quantifying humanity's water use and impact on freshwater reserves have become essential issues as the world's population soars and industrialization quickens. The idea of the "Water Footprint" has become a potent tool for determining the whole scope of human water consumption, taking into account both our direct consumption and the hidden water contained in goods and services. The relevance of the Water Footprint as a novel metric is explored in the current chapter, along with its history. It examines the three elements—blue water, green water, and grey water—that make up a water footprint.
FUTURISTIC TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE ENGINNERING AND FOOD SCIENCES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NANOAGRONOMY
Authors: Agarwal Chiti
Published: June 2024

This chapter explores the transformative role of nanotechnology in agriculture, aiming to enhance food security while addressing pressing environmental challenges. Agriculture is the cornerstone of many developing nations, providing sustenance and economic stability. However, it faces threats from ecological and climatic changes induced by biotic and abiotic stressors. In this context, nanotechnology offers innovative solutions, particularly through the development of nano-enabled fertilizers and pesticides. These advancements enhance crop productivity while promoting a more sustainable agro-ecosystem. Nanobiosensors further contribute to food safety by detecting contaminants and pathogens. Despite the promises, concerns about the impact of nanotechnology on health, the environment, and regulatory aspects must be addressed. Collaboration, research, and the development of versatile and sustainable nanomaterials are essential for realizing the full potential of nanotechnology in agriculture. Nanotechnology brings efficiency and precision to agriculture, addressing the challenges posed by increasing food demand, urbanization, and resource mismanagement. Nano-enabled fertilizers provide targeted nutrient release, reducing excessive fertilizer application and minimizing environmental harm. Nanobiosensors play a pivotal role in identifying foodborne pathogens, pesticides, and toxins, ensuring food safety and quality. However, responsible use of nanotechnology is crucial, requiring robust research and regulatory frameworks to mitigate potential risks. Overall, nanotechnology offers a promising pathway to secure food supplies, protect livelihoods, and promote environmental sustainability in agriculture.
IN INDIA'S NORTHWESTERN REGION OYSTER MUSHROOMS MAY BE A NEW SUPERFOOD AND OYSTER MUSHROOM CULTIVATION METHOD AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Shekhawat Prdeep Singh , Singh Udai Pal , Rathore Jyotsana , Mohanrao Solanke Krushna
Published: June 2024

In India's northwestern region, oyster mushrooms are gaining recognition as a potential superfood due to their nutritional value and ease of cultivation. Oyster mushroom cultivation is relatively straightforward and can provide a sustainable source of protein and other essential nutrients. oyster mushrooms are being promoted as a new protein source in the northern part of India. Oyster mushrooms have gained attention in various regions as a nutritious and sustainable food source due to their high protein content and potential health benefits. They are relatively easy to cultivate, making them a viable option for local food production. Dhingri are considered a good source of protein, vitamins (such as B vitamins), minerals (like potassium, phosphorus, and zinc), and dietary fiber. They are low in fat and calories, which can be beneficial for those looking to maintain a healthy diet. Additionally, they have a unique texture and flavor that make them a popular choice for various culinary applications. If oyster mushrooms are being introduced as a protein source in the northern part of India, it's likely that local initiatives are promoting their cultivation and consumption to address nutritional needs and sustainability challenges.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF RETROFIT E-BICYCLE
Authors: Nambiar Renjini E , Mishra Dr. Soumya , Kumar Dr. P Harish
Published: June 2024

As the world population is increasing day by day, the demand for simple, reliable, environmentally friendly, safe, and affordable product in the manufacturing industry is increasing. One such product is E-Bicycle. Gasoline bicycles are not sustainable, and the fuel price increases with the environmental consideration. Traffic is a major issue we are facing in our daily life. E-Bicycles are used instead of conventional two wheelers for short trips, and they occupy less space hence it will be helpful in overcoming this issue. In this project, bicycle is retrofitted by advanced technologies and modified into E-Bicycle, wherein it can be operated in both pedaling and non-pedaling modes. The rider can control the motor output or speed through the throttle. It will be more affordable than the fuel-based bicycles as we use battery instead of fossil fuel. The BLDC controller is used to control the speed, acceleration, motor power, battery voltage and pedaling activities. It gets the input from the pedal assist sensor and gives the output accordingly. A hub motor which is very sleek in design and very light in weight is considered due to their low self-discharge rate, low maintenance and high energy density. Li-ion batteries are used to supply power to the drive train. Battery cooling system along with Battery management system is included. The cooling system helps in temperature management during high demand on battery. This combination can increase the life cycle of the battery and reducing the need of battery replacement.
A REVIEW OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN INDIA UTILIZING BOTH CONVENTIONAL AND NON-CONVENTIONAL WATER SOURCES
Authors: Kumar Singh Hitendra , Kumar Munendra , Jyoti Ms
Published: June 2024

India, being an agricultural country, relies heavily on agriculture for the livelihood of approximately 70 to 80% of rural families. In the current market, there is a strong emphasis on the development of agricultural land. The effective implementation of appropriate irrigation methods plays a crucial role in the agriculture sector. This research paper primarily examines diverse irrigation systems categorized as Conventional and Non-conventional water sources. The study reviews the various water sources commonly used in India for agricultural irrigation. Conventional water sources encompass Wells, Inundation canals, and Water Tanks, while the non-conventional sources include Tube wells, Drip irrigation, and Perennial canals, among others.
NETWORKS, TECHNOLOGY, SECURITY, AND APPLICATIONS IN THE HEALTH SECTOR FOR IOT ENABLED SMART WEARABLE: A REVIEW
Authors: B D Varalakshmi , K P Nagapushpa , C G Mallamma , M Aruna
Published: June 2024

With the advent of technology there is a lot of research work happening in the domain of Internet of Things(IoT) as it directly influences the common persons day to day life. This research work brings out several related works together with the relevance on technology, security, networking in IoT and its applications. The recent advancements which are influencing the wearable’s and the way they are dealt with modern technology is also reviewed here. The technologies which are existing will have to deal with multiple issues when collecting data, processing, analyzing and contemplating the data are also summed here
IOT PRIVACY AND SECURITY
Authors: Archana Mrs Kande , Prasad Dr. V. Kamakshi
Published: June 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) has witnessed exponential growth, revolutionizing various industries. However, the widespread deployment of IoT devices has raised concerns about privacy and security. This abstract provides an overview of the key challenges and presents notable algorithms aimed at addressing these issues. Privacy concerns in IoT arise from the massive amounts of personal data collected by devices. To mitigate this, algorithms such as Differential Privacy, Homomorphic Encryption, and Privacy-Preserving Data Aggregation have been proposed. These algorithms ensure data privacy by adding noise, performing encrypted computations, and aggregating data in a privacy- preserving manner. Security in IoT is crucial to prevent unauthorized access and attacks. Cryptographic algorithms like Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and Lightweight Cryptography provide secure authentication, encryption, and key exchange mechanisms suitable for resource-constrained IoT devices. Additionally, Secure Routing Protocols like RPL and CoAP ensure secure and reliable communication in IoT networks. The algorithms include anomaly detection techniques such as Machine Learning-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and behavior analysis algorithms like Markov models to identify abnormal device activities. Secure Device Management protocols like MQTT-SN and Device Attestation methods like Trusted Platform Module (TPM) enable secure device provisioning, updates, and authentication.
IOT PRIVACY AND SECURITY
Authors: C Vinod
Published: June 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) has brought about a transformative change in our technological interactions, facilitating effortless communication among various devices, systems, and networks. Nevertheless, as the number of interconnected devices continues to rise, significant issues related to privacy and security have surfaced as prominent hurdles. This section delves into the essential dimensions of ensuring privacy and security within the realm of IoT. It examines the possible hazards and presents recommendations for effectively managing and reducing these concerns
INTERNET OF THINGS: REVOLUTIONIZING CONNECTIVITY AND AUTOMATION
Authors: V. Ravi Renjith , Murugesan Kavitha S
Published: June 2024

An emerging standard termed the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed the traditional way of operation into one that makes use of cutting-edge technology. The IoT brings about changes in smart manufacturing, smart homes, smart cities, and intelligent transportation systems. Numerous significant research investigations and queries have been conducted in order to advance technology using IoT. Multiple challenges and issues need to be overcome in order for IoT to completely deliver on its promise. These issues and worries need to be examined from a variety of IoT angles, including applications, testing, enabling technologies, ecological and societal ramifications, etc. The main aim of this review article is to provide a comprehensive technical and social study. The article identifies a number of challenges and important issues with the IoT, architecture, and sizable application industries. The article also emphasizes recent research and demonstrates how it supports different IoT components. From, this article, the readers and scholars will have a better understanding of the Internet of Things and how it interacts with the physical world.
RECENT ADVANCES ON NANO-MATERIALS/PARTICLES CATALYZED CARBON-CARBON CROSS-COUPLING REACTIONS
Authors: Ashif Ali Md
Published: June 2024

The main objective of this chapter is to describe the use of nanomaterials/particles as a catalyst in carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions. Since the beginning of this century, nanomaterials/particles are being used in organic synthesis as a catalyst. Carbon-carbon bonds formation via cross-coupling reaction is one among them where nanomaterials/particles are used as a catalyst. Various types of nanomaterials/particles, such as palladium, copper, and nickel-based nanomaterials are used for this purpose. Therefore, in this review, we have discussed the use of those types of catalysts for the carbon-carbon bonds formation via cross-coupling reactions. The use of nanomaterials/particles as catalysts in organic synthesis may be considered as one step forward towards sustainable chemistry because most of the reactions are heterogeneous. Therefore, further development of more readily available nannocatalyst are highly desirable. This chapter may provide important information regarding the recent developments in this area and may help researchers to develop better nanocatalysts for the carbon-carbon bonds formation.
NANOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS IN HORTICULTURAL PLANT DISEASE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Pravin Arumuka , Ramesh Kumar , Kaushik Rajaram , Srivignesh S.
Published: June 2024

Plant diseases significantly challenge agricultural and horticultural productivity and food security worldwide. The emergence of resistant pathogen strains and environmental concerns associated with conventional disease management strategies have necessitated exploring novel approaches. Nanotechnology, with its unique properties and capabilities at the nanoscale, has emerged as a promising field for revolutionizing plant disease management. Nanotechnology offers innovative tools and materials for disease control in horticultural and agricultural systems. Nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, nanocarriers, and nanosensors, exhibit distinct physicochemical properties that can be exploited for effective disease management. Nanofungicides and nano bactericides enhanced antimicrobial activity and targeted delivery, showing great potential in combating fungal and bacterial pathogens. Nanovaccines, utilizing nanocarriers for precise delivery of antigens, hold promise for stimulating plant immunity and developing long-term resistance against diseases. The use of nanotechnology also extends to disease diagnosis and monitoring. Nanosensors enable rapid and sensitive detection of pathogens, facilitating early disease identification and intervention. Nanoscale imaging techniques provide high-resolution visualization of pathogen-host interactions, aiding disease diagnosis and understanding resistance mechanisms. The targeted delivery system of the nanomaterials effectively reduces the need for excessive chemical application, contributing to sustainable and eco-friendly disease management practices. Despite the immense potential, nanotechnology in plant disease management faces challenges to standardization, safety assessment, and regulatory framework. Robust research efforts and interdisciplinary collaborations are essential for overcoming these challenges and ensuring responsible and effective implementation of nanotechnology-based solutions in agriculture. Nanotechnology presents exciting opportunities to revolutionize plant disease management, providing precise, sustainable, and practical approaches. By harnessing the unique properties of nanomaterials and exploiting their potential in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, researchers and stakeholders can enhance disease control strategies and mitigate plant disease's economic and environmental impacts. Continued research and development in this field promise a more resilient and productive agricultural sector.
CREATIVITY AS A 21ST CENTURY SKILL IN DEVELOPING DIFFERENT COMPETENCIES IN CLASSROOM TEACHING
Authors: Anamika Singh Dr. , Divya Mann Dr. , Islam Aisha
Published: June 2024

In recent years, interest in creativity as a 21st-century ability has increased, and it has emerged as one of the crucial competencies to be taught in schools. Yet, other studies point out that it can be challenging for teachers to implement in a classroom setting. For instance, fostering creativity may be hampered by including it in overloaded school curricula. In addition, teachers must simultaneously adopt the other 4Cs of the 21st century. Teachers may not be encouraged to build these competencies because these educational objectives can be time- and resource-intensive. The ability to think creatively is a vital life skill for success in the twenty-first century. Jobs that may not even exist today will likely be held by the next generation of workers. It is the duty of education to prepare pupils by instructing them on how to think rather than what to think. The goal of the current research is to draw attention to the relationships between innovation and other 21st-century skills that In-service teachers employ in their lesson planning (such as critical thinking, communication, and collaboration). We reasoned that by employing only a teaching-for-creativity approach in the classroom, creativity could be possible to develop the other "C"s as well if it has some characteristics with other talents. Hence, limiting instruction to creativity can help teachers advance their students' skills without having them lag behind in other subjects. In this study, we will investigate our study while taking into consideration the constraints imposed by teachers' pedagogical approaches. We'll take into account teachers' perceptions, evaluations, and routine behaviors in classroom interaction. In this study, In-Service teachers' opinions and perceptions were recorded using a Google questionnaire and an interview schedule for those working in government schools of the Directorate of Education.
THE INTEGRATED VIEW OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Arshiya Fathima S.
Published: June 2024

This paper presents an integrated view of human development that transcends traditional compartmentalization of biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors. Recognizing the intricate interplay between these dimensions, our approach seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic processes that shape individuals from infancy to old age. By synthesizing insights from diverse fields such as neuroscience, psychology, sociology, and anthropology, we aim to construct a framework that elucidates the interconnected nature of developmental influences. An integrated view of human development refers to a holistic approach that considers the multifaceted aspects of individual growth and maturation across the lifespan. An integrated view of human development also acknowledges the ethical implications of development choices and actions, and seeks to promote the dignity, rights and capabilities of every person and group.
HYDROGELS: A VERSATILE BIOMATERIAL REVOLUTIONIZING SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Wagh Priyanka , Nawani Dr. Neelu , Vaidya Dr. Viniti
Published: June 2024

The chapter on hydrogels constitutes a comprehensive exploration of this versatile class of materials, highlighting their historical evolution, structural intricacies, diverse classifications, extensive applications, challenges, and future perspectives. Hydrogel structures, characterized by their polymer chains, cross linking modalities, and porous architectures, yield distinctive properties such as remarkable water absorption capabilities, biocompatibility, and responsiveness to environmental stimuli. These attributes render hydrogels highly adaptable, catering to a wide spectrum of applications across biomedical, agricultural, environmental, consumer product, and biotechnological sectors. The classification framework elucidates hydrogels based on sources (natural and synthetic) and cross linking methodologies (chemical, physical, enzymatic), emphasizing their inherent advantages and applicability in specific domains. This categorization underscores the tailored utility of hydrogels in diverse contexts. The chapter comprehensively covers the expansive range of applications, encompassing wound healing, tissue engineering, controlled drug delivery, agriculture, environmental remediation, consumer goods, and biotechnological innovations. These applications showcase the breadth of impact hydrogels have across varied industries and disciplines. Moreover, it addresses prevailing challenges including ensuring bio compatibility, enhancing biodegradability, optimizing design strategies, and innovating novel cross linking methodologies. The chapter concludes by envisaging the transformative potential of ongoing research in smart hydrogels, 3D bioprinting, and environmentally sustainable materials, projecting a future where hydrogels continue to revolutionize diverse fields and contribute significantly to scientific and societal advancements
BIOCATALYSIS: SUSTAINABLE PROCESSES
Authors: Sarkhel Dr. Sangeeta
Published: June 2024

Biocatalysis is a fundamental biological phenomenon woven into the very fabric of life. From the simplest single-celled organisms to the majestic giants of the animal kingdom, biocatalysis orchestrates the countless chemical reactions that keep life ticking. These Intricate biological maestros, sculpted by eons of evolution, orchestrate reactions with exquisite selectivity and efficiency, often under mild conditions and with minimal environmental impact. This abstract delves into the captivating world of biocatalysis, highlighting its key principles, advantages, and the exciting future it holds for a greener tomorrow. Molecules seeking transformation enter the enzyme's active site, like a key fitting into a lock. The protein architects, with a unique 3D structure, act as tiny factories equipped with specialized tools called active sites. The transformed molecule emerges from the enzyme, ready to play its role in the cell's grand symphony of life. The enzyme guides the substrate through a series of chemical steps, like a skilled craftsman shaping raw material into a finished product.
BIOREACTOR: THE HEARTBEAT OF BIOTECH
Authors: Dhagat Dr. Monika
Published: June 2024

Bioreactors play a vital role in the generation of a wide variety of bio-based products, from therapeutic proteins to vaccines to biofuels to pharmaceuticals. When designing a bioreactor, it is important to consider key parameters like temperature, pH and oxygen levels, as well as nutrient availability to ensure optimal growth and productivity in the bioreactor’s biological system. Updating efficiency, scalability, and flexibility are the main goals of recent bioreactor technology gains. By precisely controlling the culture conditions in real-time and monitoring cell growth and product formation, the integration of sensors and advanced control systems is made possible. The cost-effectiveness and lower risk of cross-contamination have made single-use or disposable bioreactors more and more popular. Pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, environmental remediation, and bioenergy are just a few of the industries that use bioreactors. For the large-scale cultivation of mammalian cells and microorganisms needed to produce therapeutic proteins and vaccines, bioreactors are used in pharmaceutical production. Bioreactors are used to produce flavors, nutritional supplements, and enzymes for the food industry. Using bioreactors to treat wastewater and eliminate pollutants is another aspect of environmental bioremediation.