bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Encapsulating pH‐Responsive Doxorubicin–Phthalocyanine Conjugates in Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Combined Photodynamic Therapy and Controlled Chemotherapy
Authors: Wong Roy C. H. , Ng Dennis K. P. , Fong Wing‐Ping , Lo Pui‐Chi
Published: August 2017

Doxorubicin (Dox) was conjugated to a zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) through an acid‐cleavable hydrazone linker. This azido‐containing conjugate was then anchored to the nanochannels of an alkyne‐modified mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) system via copper(I)‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition. An analogous nanosystem was also prepared by immobilization of a hydrazine‐substituted ZnPc to the MSN followed by coupling with Dox. The release of Dox under acidic conditions was studied in phosphate‐buffered saline. After internalization into human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells, these nanoparticles showed fluorescence not only for ZnPc, but also for Dox, suggesting that release of Dox was triggered by the acidic intracellular environment. The chemocytotoxic Dox together with singlet oxygen generated upon irradiation on the encapsulated ZnPc in these MSNs could kill the cells effectively. A synergistic cytotoxicity was suggested by a less‐than‐unity combination index. These nanoparticles function as both nanophotosensitizers for photodynamic therapy and as nanoplatforms for pH‐controlled drug release.
Inter‐ and Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Copper Complexes: Electronic Entatic State with Redox‐Active Guanidine Ligands
Authors: Schrempp David F. , Leingang Simone , Schnurr Martin , Kaifer Elisabeth , Wadepohl Hubert , Himmel Hans‐Jörg
Published: August 2017

Fast and efficient electron transfer in blue copper proteins is realized by a structural harmonization between the CuI and CuII complex pair (“entatic state” model). Herein, we present now a CuI/CuII complex pair with redox‐active guanidine ligands showing almost perfect match between both redox states. By modifying the ligand electron donor strength, the redox chemistry of the copper complex can be controlled to be either metal‐centered or to cross the borderline to ligand‐centered. This work is the first systematic study of complexes with redox‐active ligands within the concept of the entatic state.
Cyclols Revisited: Facile Synthesis of Medium‐Sized Cyclic Peptides
Authors: Mendoza‐Sanchez Rodrigo , Corless Victoria B. , Nguyen Q. Nhu N. , Bergeron‐Brlek Milan , Frost John , Adachi Shinya , Tantillo Dean J. , Yudin Andrei K.
Published: August 2017

Medium‐sized rings, particularly the corresponding cyclic peptides, are challenging synthetic targets. In the present study, we report an approach to medium‐sized cyclic peptides through targeted formation and collapse of cyclol intermediates. This methodology operates on β‐amino imides derived from 2,5‐diketopiperazines and offers a straightforward transition from frequently examined scaffolds in drug discovery to a rarely visited class of medium‐sized rings.
Organizational connectivity among the CA1, subiculum, presubiculum, and entorhinal cortex in the rabbit
Authors: Honda Yoshiko , Shibata Hideshi
Published: August 2017

The laminar and topographical organization of connections between the hippocampal formation and parahippocampal regions was investigated in the rabbit following in vivo injection of cholera toxin B subunit as a retro‐ and antero‐grade tracer and biotinylated dextran amine as an anterograde tracer. We confirmed several connectional features different from those of the rat, that is, the rabbit presubiculum received abundant afferents from CA1 and had many reciprocal connections with the entorhinal cortex. On the other hand, we identified many similarities with the rat: both the CA1 and subicular afferents that originated from the entorhinal cortex were abundant; moreover, the presubiculum received many inputs from the subiculum and sent massive projections to the entorhinal cortex. By plotting retrograde and anterograde labels in two‐dimensional unfolded maps of the entire hippocampal and parahippocampal regions, we found that each group of entorhinal cells that project to CA1, subiculum, and presubiculum, and also the termination of the presubiculo‐entorhinal projection, was distributed in band‐like zones in layers II–III, extending across the medial and lateral entorhinal cortex. Our results suggest that the rabbit has a basic connectivity that is common with that of the rat, and also has additional hippocampal–presubicular and entorhino–presubicular connections that may reflect functional evolution in learning and memory.
Electronic Transport of MoS2 Monolayered Flakes Investigated by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Authors: Henrotte Olivier , Bottein Thomas , Casademont Hugo , Jaouen Kevin , Bourgeteau Tiphaine , Campidelli Stephane , Derycke Vincent , Jousselme Bruno , Cornut Renaud
Published: August 2017

The amazing properties of 2D materials are envisioned to revolutionize several domains such as flexible electronics, electrocatalysis, or biosensing. Herein we introduce scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) as a tool to investigate molybdenum disulfide in a straightforward fashion, providing localized information regarding the electronic transport within chemical vapor deposition (CVD)‐grown crystalline MoS2 single layers having micrometric sizes. Our investigations show that within flakes assemblies some flakes are well electrically interconnected, with no detectable contact resistance, whereas others are not electrically connected at all, independent of the size of the physical contact between them. Overall, the work shows how the complex electronic behavior of MoS2 flake assemblies (semiconducting nature, contact quality between flakes) can be investigated with SECM.
HMGB2 expression is associated with transition from a quiescent to an activated state of adult neural stem cells
Authors: Kimura Ayaka , Matsuda Taito , Sakai Atsuhiko , Murao Naoya , Nakashima Kinichi
Published: August 2017

Background: Although quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult hippocampus proliferate in response to neurogenic stimuli and subsequently give rise to new neurons continuously throughout life, misregulation of NSCs in pathological conditions, including aging, leads to the impairment of learning and memory. High mobility group B family 1 (HMGB1) and HMGB2, HMG family proteins that function as transcriptional activators through the modulation of chromatin structure, have been assumed to play some role in the regulation of adult NSCs; however, their precise functions and even expression patterns in the adult hippocampus remain elusive. Results: Here we show that expression of HMGB2 but not HMGB1 is restricted to the subset of NSCs and their progenitors. Furthermore, running, a well‐known positive neurogenic stimulus, increased the proliferation of HMGB2‐expressing cells, whereas aging was accompanied by a marked decrease in these cells. Intriguingly, HMGB2‐expressing quiescent NSCs, which were shifted toward the proliferative state, were decreased as aging progressed. Conclusions: HMGB2 expression is strongly associated with transition from the quiescent to the proliferative state of NSCs, supporting the possibility that HMGB2 is involved in the regulation of adult neurogenesis and can be used as a novel marker to identify NSCs primed for activation in the adult hippocampus. Developmental Dynamics 247:229–238, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improving river dolphin monitoring using aerial surveys
Authors: Fürstenau Oliveira Julia S. , Georgiadis George , Campello Silvana , Brandão Reuber A. , Ciuti Simone
Published: August 2017

Obtaining correct abundance estimates to model population dynamics and promptly adjust management actions is a key goal of threatened species conservation. For elusive aquatic mammals like river dolphins, however, gathering such basic data can be extremely challenging. River dolphins in shallow waters are surveyed from canoes, with the (untested) assumption that visual counts are exhaustive estimates of animal population. These counts, however, should take into consideration that river dolphins usually emerge for very short periods and show very little of their body when surfacing. Recently, aerial survey methods have been introduced as new technology aiming to improve the reliability of wildlife censuses. Herein, we developed and tested a new survey method using a digital camera mounted on a blimp (non‐rigid airship system) for aerial survey of river dolphins. We conducted our experiment by surveying the recently described Araguaian river dolphin (Inia araguaiaensis) during the low water season in the Parque Estadual do Cantão, a seasonally flooded lake system in the Amazonian forest, Brazil. Our survey, which was designed to monitor the river dolphin in 56 survey units within six main survey sectors, implied deploying two canoes navigating simultaneously: the first one with a single operator holding the blimp and recording data from its camera and the second one with three observers performing standard visual counts of dolphins. In contrast to common expectations, visual counts detected on average <75% of the dolphins recorded by the blimp's camera. Compared to the visual survey, the aerial method was able to detect more individuals, more dolphin groups, and to record more calves, which are usually difficult to detect. The differences in performance between the two methods were remarkable when surveyed sectors were larger. We showed that visual counts from canoes are less exhaustive surveys than aerial surveys, and provided a less expensive method (one operator needed to handle the blimp, compared to three visual observers) to count aquatic mammals. Our results can be used to correct current visual count estimates. With further development of blimps and drones in wildlife surveys, we foresee a promising future for the conservation and management of threatened species.
Human disturbance alters the predation rate of moose in the Athabasca oil sands
Authors: Neilson Eric W. , Boutin Stan
Published: August 2017

Human disturbance can alter predation rates to prey in various ways. Predators can use human disturbance to facilitate hunting, thereby increasing exposure to prey. Conversely, when predators avoid human disturbance and prey do not, prey refugia are generated. Because the direction and magnitude of such effects are not always predictable, it is important to examine if and how predation rates vary with human disturbance. Alberta's Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR) is a region of boreal forest characterized by extensive human disturbance and is home to moose (Alces alces) and wolf (Canis lupus) populations. We examined whether the wolf predation rate of moose varies with human disturbance in theAOSR. We compared the distribution of wolf kills of moose to a spatial index of moose density in uplands and wetlands, near and far from rivers, mines and facilities, and at high and low densities of linear features near human habitation. Moose were killed closer to mines and rivers and at lower densities of linear features than expected by random. When compared to the relative availability of habitats, more kills of moose occurred in upland forest than in wetlands. However, when compared to the relative density of moose, kills only increased with decreasing distance to mines and rivers. We conclude that predation rates of moose have increased near human disturbance inAOSRbecause the mining footprint has removed habitat causing changes to the intensity of wolf use of areas near the boundary of mines. We discuss possibility of sink habitat near mining features and whether that is expected to reduce moose population density acrossAOSR.
Parallel environmental factors drive variation in insect density and plant resistance in the native and invaded ranges
Authors: Sakata Yuzu , Craig Timothy P. , Itami Joanne K. , Yamasaki Michimasa , Ohgushi Takayuki
Published: August 2017

Geographic variation in the traits of a species is shaped by variation in abiotic conditions, biotic interactions, and evolutionary history of its interactions with other species. We studied the geographic variation in the density of the lace bug, Corythucha marmorata, and the resistance of tall goldenrod Solidago altissima to the lace bug herbivory in their native range in the United States and invaded range in Japan. We conducted field surveys and reciprocal transplant experiments to examine what abiotic and biotic factors influence variation in lace bug density, and what ecological and evolutionary factors predict the resistance of the host plant between and within the native and invaded ranges. Lace bug density was higher throughout the invaded range than in the native range, higher in populations with warmer climates, and negatively affected by foliage damage by other insects in both ranges. The higher lace bug density in warmer climates was explained by the shorter developmental time of the lace bugs at higher temperatures. The resistance of S. altissima to lace bugs was higher in populations with lace bugs compared to populations without lace bugs in both native and invaded ranges, indicating that the evolutionary history of the interaction with the lace bugs was responsible for the variation in S. altissima resistance in both ranges. The present study revealed that abiotic and biotic factors, including temperature and other herbivorous insects, can drive the geographic variation in lace bug density, which in turn selects for variation in plant resistance in both in the native and invaded ranges. We conclude that the novel combination of factors such as higher temperature and lower number of other herbivorous insects is responsible for the higher lace bug density in the invaded range than in the native range.
Gold(I)–Alkynyl Complexes with an N‐Donor Heterocyclic Ligand: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Shakirova Julia R. , Tomashenko Olesya A. , Grachova Elena V. , Starova Galina L. , Sizov Vladimir V. , Khlebnikov Alexander F. , Tunik Sergey P.
Published: August 2017

A series of AuI–alkynyl complexes, containing an N‐donor ligand (2‐phenylpyrido[2,1‐a]pyrrolo[3,2‐c]isoquinoline) coordinated through the pyrrole nitrogen atom, were synthesized and characterized using X‐ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. The obtained compounds are luminescent in solution and in the solid state, and the emission intensity depends on the nature of the alkynyl ligand to give values of quantum yield equal to 8.0 and 6.5 % for complexes 3 and 4, respectively, in dichloromethane solution at room temperature. The observed emission is ligand‐centred fluorescence that is atypical for complexes of this type, which usually display phosphorescence determined by strong spin‐orbit coupling with the heavy‐metal ion. DFT calculations of the electronic structure of the complexes showed that the contribution of the gold orbitals to the states responsible for emission is nearly negligible and results in a low intersystem crossing rate and suppression of phosphorescence in the complexes studied.
Cyclopentadienones via a Tandem C‐Cyclopropylnitrone Cyclization‐Cycloreversion Sequence
Authors: Erden Ihsan , Gärtner Christian , Ma Jingxiang , Cabrera Gabriel , Markham Kate , Azimi Saeed , Gronert Scott
Published: August 2017

Aldonitrones derived from spiro[2.4]hepta‐4,6‐diene‐1‐carbaldehyde and its benzo analog undergo a tandem uncatalyzed intramolecular cyclopropane–nitrone cyclization‐5,6‐dihydro‐1,2‐oxazine cycloreversion to give cyclopentadienones. Similarly, the NH‐nitrone generated in situ from spiro[cyclopropane‐1,1′‐indene]carbaldehyde oxime leads to benzocyclopentadienone (1H‐inden‐1‐one) by the same mechanism. DFT calculations are in favor of a concerted yet highly asynchronous pathway for the cyclizations. Control experiments with the dihydro and tetrahydro derivatives show that the spirocyclopentadiene unit is essential for the success of the reaction, invoking spiroconjugative effects for increased cyclopropane reactivity.
Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of 2,3‐Disubstituted Indoles Derived from Azobenzenes and Internal Olefins
Authors: Oh Yongguk , Han Sang Hoon , Mishra Neeraj Kumar , De Umasankar , Lee Junho , Kim Hyung Sik , Jung Young Hoon , Kim In Su
Published: August 2017

Azo‐directed rhodium(III)‐catalysed C–H functionalization and intramolecular annulation reactions between azobenzenes and internal olefins are described. This transformation leads to 2,3‐disubstituted free (NH)‐indoles with excellent site‐selectivity and functional‐group compatibility. The resulting indoles were evaluated for in‐vitro anticancer activity against human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells (Ishikawa), triple negative human breast cancer cells (MDA‐MB‐231), and human renal cancer cells (Caki‐1). 2,3‐Disubstituted indoles 3b, 3k, and 5b were found to show potent cytotoxic effects that were competitive with the anticancer agent doxorubicin.
Thermomechanical Energy Conversion Potential of Lead‐Free 0.50Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8 )O3–0.50(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 Bulk Ceramics
Authors: Patel Satyanarayan , Chauhan Aditya , Rojas Virginia , Novak Nikola , Weyland Florian , Rödel Jürgen , Vaish Rahul
Published: August 2017

When employed appropriately, ferroelectric materials present themselves as one of the most efficient means of waste (thermal/mechanical) energy scavenging. A large conversion potential can be obtained when appropriate materials are combined with high‐field actuation (Ericsson cycle). However, waste energy rarely presents itself in an isolated form (heat or vibration). There is also a distinct lack of systems capable of simultaneous thermomechanical energy conversion, especially in the low‐frequency range. In this regard a systematic approach to the concept of combined energy harvesting and storage potential of a singular material system is presented. Polarization versus electric field hysteresis loops were gathered as a function of temperature, uniaxial compressive stress, and electric field. Thereafter, a theoretical assessment was made to the effect of the biased and unbiased energy conversion potential of 0.50 Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–0.50 (Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 bulk lead‐free ferroelectric material. Maximum energy conversion potentials of 150 and 210 kJ m−3 were obtained for thermal (5 MPa, 24–96 °C) and mechanical cycles (24 °C, 5–160 MPa), respectively. A slightly improved performance of 220 kJ m−3 was obtained under simultaneous depolarization, despite performance degradation through individual biasing. However, the energy‐storage density improved by 100 % (80 kJ m−3) and 50 % (60 kJ m−3), respectively, when operated under elevated stress (60 MPa) and temperature (90 °C). Results are indicative of a singular material system that could be used for combined thermomechanical energy conversion and on‐board storage capacity.
Mercury bioavailability, transformations, and effects on freshwater biofilms
Authors: Dranguet Perrine , Le Faucheur Séverine , Slaveykova Vera I.
Published: August 2017

Mercury (Hg) compounds represent an important risk to aquatic ecosystems because of their persistence, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification potential. In the present review, we critically examine state-of-the-art studies on the interactions of Hg compounds with freshwater biofilms, with an emphasis on Hg accumulation, transformations, and effects. Freshwater biofilms contain both primary producers (e.g., algae) and decomposers (e.g., bacteria and fungi), which contribute to both aquatic food webs and the microbial loop. Hence they play a central role in shallow water and streams, and also contribute to Hg trophic transfer through their consumption. Both inorganic and methylated mercury compounds accumulate in biofilms, which could transform them mainly by methylation, demethylation, and reduction. Accumulated Hg compounds could induce diverse metabolic and physiological perturbations in the microorganisms embedded in the biofilm matrix and affect their community composition. The bioavailability of Hg compounds, their transformations, and their effects depend on their concentrations and speciation, ambient water characteristics, biofilm matrix composition, and microorganism-specific characteristics. The basic processes governing the interactions of Hg compounds with biofilm constituents are understudied. The development of novel conceptual and methodological approaches allowing an understanding of the chemo- and biodynamic aspects is necessary to improve the knowledge on Hg cycling in shallow water as well as to enable improved use of freshwater biofilms as potential indicators of water quality and to support better informed risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3194–3205. © 2017 SETAC
Considering Resources Beyond Water: Irrigation and Drainage Management in the Context of the Water–Energy–Food Nexus
Authors: Avellán Tamara , Ardakanian Reza , Perret Sylvain R. , Ragab Ragab , Vlotman Willem , Zainal Hayati , Im Sangjun , Gany Hafied A.
Published: August 2017

While the world is facing unprecedented transitions and threats we need to deeply rethink the relationships between water and energy use, food production, and ecosystem protection. This includes the development and deployment of ambitious, out‐of‐the‐box solutions towards sustainable development. This paper is based upon recent discussions before and during the 2nd World Irrigation Forum in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

This paper takes stock of current knowledge and analyses the most recent trends in water, irrigation and the environment. It discusses the requirements for strategic approaches and the contributions of irrigation and drainage to Sustainable Development Goals. Firstly, we concentrated on renewed and more balanced relationships between water, energy, food and ecosystems in the context of irrigation and drainage management. Secondly, we assessed the positive and negative impact of agricultural water use in order to demonstrate and improve its performance. Given exacerbated competition and water resource scarcity, a better understanding of the positive effects and valuable ecosystem services provided by irrigation and drainage systems could pave the way to maximizing benefits and safeguarding the environment. Lastly, we tried to address the role of stakeholders in irrigation governance. This includes active contribution to policy‐making and planning, incentives, and most importantly, capacity development. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antibacterial activity and cytotoxycity of gelatine‐conjugated lysine‐based peptides
Authors: Kaisersberger Vincek Maja , Mor Amram , Gorgieva Selestina , Kokol Vanja
Published: August 2017

The effect of the coupling approach (chemical by using carbodiimide chemistry, and enzymatic by using transglutaminase) of a hydrophilic ɛ‐poly‐L‐lysine (ɛPL) and a structurally‐hydrophobic oligo‐acyl‐lysyl (OAK) to a gelatine (GEL) macromolecule, and their antibacterial activity against Gram‐negative E. coli and Gram‐positive S. aureus bacteria, as well as cytotoxicity to human osteoblast cells was studied as potential macromolecules for biomedical applications. Different spectroscopic (ultraviolet‐visible, infrared, fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance) and separation (size‐exclusion chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis) techniques, as well as zeta‐potential analysis were performed to confirm the ɛPL/OAK covalent coupling and to determine their amount and orientation of the immobilization. The highest and kinetically the fastest reduction of bacteria (≥77% against E. coli vs. ≥82% against S. aureus) was achieved with GEL functionalized with ɛPL/OAK by the chemical grafting‐to approach being correlated with conformationally the highly‐flexible ˝brush‐like˝ orientation linkage of peptides, enable its targeted and rapid interactions with bacteria membrane. The up to 400‐fold lower yield of OAKs being immobilized may be related also to its cationic charge and hydrophobic alkyl chain moieties, compared to more hydrophilic ɛPL easily causing random polymerization and self‐conjugation. The ɛPL/OAK‐functionalized GEL did not induce citotoxicity to osteoblasts, even at ∼25‐fold higher concentration than bacterial minimum inhibitory (MIC) concentration of ɛPL/OAK. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3110–3126, 2017.
Induction of transient cell cycle arrest by H2O2 via modulation of ultradian oscillations of Hes1, Socs3, and p‐Stat3 in fibroblast cells
Authors: Babaei Khalili Masoumeh , Yazdanparast Razieh , Nowrouzi Azin
Published: August 2017

Biological clocks, time‐keeping systems, enable the living organisms to synchronize their biochemical processes with their environment. Among these molecular oscillators, ultradian oscillators have been identified with volatility less than 24 h. Transcription factor Hes1, a member of the basic Helix‐loop‐Helix (bHLH) protein family, has an oscillation duration of 2 h in vertebrates. Due to the pivotal role of oxidative stress in many human diseases, we evaluated the effect(s) of oxidative stress on Hes1 oscillator, its upstream regulators, and its downstream cell cycle regulators. NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblast cells were treated with sublethal (250 μM) and lethal (1000 μM) doses of H2O2 for 30 min. H2O2 generated a delay in p‐Stat3 and Socs3 mRNAs followed by suppression of Hes1 protein. These events were accompanied by simultaneous upregulation of p21 and downregulation of cyclinD1, resulting in a temporary arrest of the cell cycle. In conclusion, the elimination of Hes1 protein oscillation by H2O2 may represent a defense mechanism against oxidative stress in fibroblast cells.
cAMP/PKA signaling pathway contributes to neuronal apoptosis via regulating IDE expression in a mixed model of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Li Huajie , Yang Song , Wu Jian , Ji Lei , Zhu Linfeng , Cao Liping , Huang Jinzhong , Jiang Qingqing , Wei Jiang , Liu Meng , Mao Keshi , Wei Ning , Xie Wei , Yang Zhilong
Published: August 2017

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) may play a relevant role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), however, the underlying mechanism was not clear yet. We developed an animal model presenting both AD and T2D, morris water maze (MWM) test and recognition task were performed to trace the cognitive function. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were determined to trace the metabolism evolution. TUNEL assay and apoptosis‐related protein levels were analyzed for the detection of neuronal apoptosis. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) agonist bucladesine or protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor H‐89 were used to determine the effects of cAMP/PKA signaling pathway on IDE expression and neuronal apoptosis. The results showed that T2D contributes to the AD progress by accelerating and worsening spatial memory and recognition dysfunctions. Metabolic parameters and glucose tolerance were significantly changed in the presence of the AD and T2D. The significantly induced neuronal apoptosis and increased pro‐apoptotic proteins in mice with AD and T2D were also observed. We showed the decreased expression level of IDE and the activating of cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in AD and T2D mice. Further studies indicated that cAMP agonist decreased the expression level of IDE and induced the neuronal apoptosis in mice with AD and T2D; whereas PKA inhibitor H‐89 treatment showed the completely opposite results. Our study indicated that, in the T2D and AD mice, cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and IDE may participate in the contribute role of T2D in accelerating the pathological process of AD via causing the accumulation of Aβ and neuronal apoptosis.
Molecular prenatal diagnosis of alpha and beta thalassemia in pregnant Hakka women in southern China
Authors: Zhao Pingsen , Wu Heming , Zhong Zhixiong , Lan Liubing , Zeng Mei , Lin Hualan , Wang Huaxian , Zheng Zhiyuan , Su Luxian , Guo Wei
Published: August 2017

Background

To date, there has been no systematic study of DNA‐based prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia in pregnant Hakka women in southern China.

Methods

A total of 279 pregnant Hakka women with confirmed cases of thalassemia who had been treated at the Meizhou People's Hospital in China's Guangdong Province from January 2014 to December 2016 were here enrolled. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of couples and villus, amniotic fluid, or fetal cord blood. DNA‐based diagnosis was performed on the tissues of fetuses whose parents had tested positive for α‐ and β‐globin gene mutations were found using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and flow‐through hybridization technique. Follow‐up visits were performed 6 months after the fetuses were born. Prenatal diagnosis was performed on 279 fetuses in at‐risk pregnancies.

Results

Here, 211 α‐thalassemia fetuses were confirmed, including 41 (19.43%) that tested positive for Bart's hydrops syndrome and 15 (7.11%) for Hb H disease. There were 103 (48.81%) heterozygotes. β‐thalassemia was confirmed in 68 fetuses, including 23 (33.82%) with severe thalassemia and 27 (39.71%) heterozygotes. Another 12 cases were confirmed with α+β‐thalassemia, including three cases of severe β‐thalassemia. DNA‐based testing prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia was found to be highly reliable.

Conclusions

Our findings provide key information for clinical genetic counseling of prenatal diagnosis for major thalassemia in pregnant Hakka women in southern China.
Cyanidin Chloride inhibits ovariectomy‐induced osteoporosis by suppressing RANKL‐mediated osteoclastogenesis and associated signaling pathways
Authors: Cheng Jianwen , Zhou Lin , Liu Qian , Tickner Jennifer , Tan Zhen , Li Xiaofeng , Liu Mei , Lin Xixi , Wang Tao , Pavlos Nathan J. , Zhao Jinmin , Xu Jiake
Published: August 2017

Over‐production and activation of osteoclasts is a common feature of osteolytic conditions such as osteoporosis, tumor‐associated osteolysis, and inflammatory bone erosion. Cyanidin Chloride, a subclass of anthocyanin, displays antioxidant and anti‐carcinogenesis properties, but its role in osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoporosis is not well understood. In this study, we showed that Cyanidin Chloride inhibits osteoclast formation, hydroxyapatite resorption, and receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclast marker gene expression; including ctr, ctsk, and trap. Further investigation revealed that Cyanidin Chloride inhibits RANKL‐induced NF‐κB activation, suppresses the degradation of IκB‐α and attenuates the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK). In addition, Cyanidin Chloride abrogated RANKL‐induced calcium oscillations, the activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells calcineurin‐dependent 1 (NFATc1), and the expression of c‐Fos. Further, we showed that Cyanidin Chloride protects against ovariectomy‐induced bone loss in vivo. Together our findings suggest that Cyanidin Chloride is capable of inhibiting osteoclast formation, hydroxyapatite resorption and RANKL‐induced signal pathways in vitro and OVX‐induced bone loss in vivo, and thus might have therapeutic potential for osteolytic diseases.
Low‐frequency snow changes over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Zhibiao , Wu Renguang , Huang Gang
Published: August 2017

Snow change over the Tibetan Plateau may exert a large influence on climate variability in the surrounding regions. However, the characteristics of snow changes at different time scales and the factors for these changes are still not clear. The present study documents linear trends in snow cover and snow water equivalent over the Tibetan Plateau and their relationship to surface air temperature changes during 1979–2006 based on satellite data. The long‐term snow variations display a remarkable regional difference and an obvious seasonal dependence. A significant decreasing trend is observed in the western part for snow cover and snow water equivalent in summer and fall and in the southern part for snow cover in all the four seasons. A significant increasing trend is identified in the central‐eastern part for snow cover in fall, winter, and spring and in the eastern and far western parts for snow water equivalent in winter and spring. The relationship between snow and surface air temperature changes features regional disparity. The temperature increase is accompanied by snow cover decrease in the southern and western parts, but by snow cover and snow water equivalent increase in the central‐eastern part. The reasons for the snow changes vary with the season. The increase in snowmelt following the temperature increase may be the reason for the snow cover decrease in the western and southern parts in summer. The snowfall change induced by vertical motion change appears to be a factor for the snow water equivalent increase in the far western part and the snow cover decrease in the southern part in winter. The increase in snowfall induced by the increase in atmospheric moisture following the temperature increase and the enhanced upward motion may contribute to the snow increase in the eastern part in winter.
IT‐based clinical knowledge management in primary health care: A conceptual framework
Authors: Raymond Louis , Paré Guy , Maillet Éric
Published: August 2017

Primary health care medical practices have made sizable information technology investments in recent years, primarily deploying electronic medical record (EMR) systems as well as Web‐based e‐learning applications. The basic assumption here is that developing information technology‐based knowledge management capabilities may significantly improve the innovation and clinical performance of these organizations. Increasing uncertainty in their environment requires them to develop greater absorptive capacity (ACAP), that is, an organizational learning capability to deal with the external sources of this uncertainty. In applying ACAP theory to primary care settings, this study seeks to answer the following research questions: What are the e‐learning and EMR capabilities developed by primary care medical practices in response to increasing environmental uncertainty? To what extent does the development of an e‐learning capability influence the development of an EMR capability? To what extent does building ACAP contribute to positive outcomes in terms of medical practices' innovation and clinical performance?
Laryngeal abscess formation in an immunosuppressed patient: A case report
Authors: Vanhille Derek L. , Blumin Joel H.
Published: August 2017

Prior to the onset of the antibiotic era, laryngeal perichondritis and abscess formation were more frequent complications of systemic infections. We report a case of 54‐year‐old male who was medically immunosuppressed after kidney transplantation and developed multiple pseudomonas abscesses of his larynx. After failing initial treatment and with worsening signs and symptoms, the patient eventually was treated with a prolonged course of intravenous and oral antibiotics, with resolution of his symptoms and clinical findings. Although this pathophysiology remains uncommon, laryngeal abscess formation should remain in the differential for persistent symptoms, especially in cases of patients on immunosuppression. Laryngoscope, 127:2827–2829, 2017
New web services that help authors choose journals
Authors: Forrester Amy , Björk Bo‐Christer , Tenopir Carol
Published: August 2017

The motivations for an author to choose a journal to submit to are complex and include factors relating to impact and prestige, service quality, and publication costs and policies. Authors require information about multiple characteristics of journals that may be difficult to obtain. This article compares and contrasts the new author‐oriented journal comparison tools and services that have emerged to assist researchers in this important step of the scholarly publishing process. Many of these tools combine factors to provide full web‐based manuscript submission decision tools; however, they all have limitations that reduce their usefulness.
Combination of optimal control approaches for aircraft conflict avoidance via velocity regulation
Authors: Cafieri Sonia , Cellier Loïc , Messine Frédéric , Omheni Riadh
Published: August 2017

This paper deals with optimal control applied to one of the most crucial and challenging problems in Air Traffic Management that of aircraft conflict avoidance. We propose an optimal control model where aircraft separation is achieved by changing the speeds of aircraft, and the integral over a time window of their squared accelerations is minimized. Pairwise aircraft separation constraints constitute the main difficulties to be handled. We propose an original decomposition of the problem into 3 zones, in such a way that in two of them, no conflict occurs. Then, using the Pontryagin maximum principle, 2 new formulations of the original optimal control problem are proposed and solved via direct shooting methods. Thanks to our decomposition, these numerical methods are applied on subproblems having reduced size with respect to the original one, thus improving the efficiency of the solution process. Thirty problem instances are numerically solved, showing the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Influence of early phase clinical trial enrollment on patterns of end‐of‐life care for children with advanced cancer
Authors: Ananth Prasanna , Monsereenusorn Chalinee , Ma Clement , Al‐Sayegh Hasan , Wolfe Joanne , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos
Published: August 2017

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 125 pediatric oncology patients who died in 2010–2014 to explore how healthcare utilization, pediatric palliative care (PPC) receipt, and end‐of‐life care (EOLC) differed between patients enrolled in early phase clinical trials (EP) and those not enrolled (NEP). Baseline characteristics and healthcare utilization did not significantly differ between groups. EP patients received PPC consultation closer to death than NEP patients (median days before death = 58 [interquartile range = 16–84] vs. 85 [32–173]; P = 0.04). Our findings suggest that early phase trial enrollment does not substantially alter EOLC for children with advanced cancer but may contribute to later PPC engagement. Future studies should definitively assess the relationship between trial enrollment and PPC timing.
Bulky side chain effect of poly(N‐vinylcarbazole)‐based stacked polymer electrets on device performance parameters of transistor memories
Authors: Li Yabin , Feng Quanyou , Ling Haifeng , Chang Yongzheng , Liu Zhengdong , Liu Hui , Xie Linghai , Yin Chengrong , Yi Mingdong , Huang Wei
Published: August 2017

Three poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK)‐based polymer electrets were synthesized through Friedel‐Crafts postfunctionalization for the function of charge storage in nonvolatile organic field effect transistor (OFET) memory devices. The bulky side chain effect of these stacked polymer electrets on the morphology, water contact angles, and memory characteristics were examined with regard to those of precursor PVK. The introduction of steric hindrance groups could interrupt the large length of π‐stacked structures in PVK and block the form of region‐regular structures from region‐random on external electric field. As a result, the memories based on the three modified polymers exhibited approximate memory windows of 32 V increased by 13 V with respect to PVK. Besides, the write‐read‐erase‐read cycles stability of the modified polymers was superior to that of PVK. Furthermore, we found that the holes were mainly located in the region of local π‐stacked structures and bulky π‐conjugated groups also acted as additional electron trapping sites. Molecular engineering of charge trapping site with tunneling polymers will be a promise strategy for the advance of transistor memory. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3554–3564
An innovative curing process with plasma‐treated water for production of loin ham and for its quality and safety
Authors: Yong Hae In , Park Jooyoung , Kim Hyun‐Joo , Jung Samooel , Park Sanghoo , Lee Hyun Jung , Choe Wonho , Jo Cheorun
Published: August 2017

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the potential of plasma‐treated water (PTW) as an alternative to synthetic sodium nitrite in loin ham manufacturing. Two brine solutions made of sodium nitrite were compared against PTW for curing of loin ham. In comparison to chemical brining PTW resulted in increased redness (a*‐value), while allowing to maintain low residual nitrite content and total bacterial counts. No significant differences were found in yellowness (b*‐value), lightness (L*‐value), and lipid oxidation among the treatment groups. Furthermore, the loin ham manufactured using PTW showed no genotoxicity by Ames test. Therefore, PTW could be considered as an effective and innovative substitute for synthetic nitrite in cured meat manufacturing without compromising on quality changes.
Inclusions in Stainless Steels − A Review
Authors: Park Joo Hyun , Kang Youngjo
Published: August 2017

Due to its superior features compared to plain steel products, stainless steel has been widely used for various applications, since it is commercialized in the beginning of the 1900's. Since stainless steel is characterized by high chromium (and nickel) content, stainless steelmaking processes have been developed differently to those of ordinary steelmaking. However, like plain carbon steels, non‐metallic inclusions significantly influence the quality of stainless steel products. In order to gain a better understanding of the impact of inclusions on the characteristics of stainless steel products, information from a large amount of previous research on non‐metallic inclusions in stainless steel is reviewed. As expected, non‐metallic inclusions are a probable cause of pitting corrosion, as well as crack initiation and growth. The formation and origin of inclusions during the steelmaking and continuous casting processes are also discussed based on a number of relevant studies.
Design and Synthesis of Powerful Capsule Catalysts Aimed at Applications in C1 Chemistry and Biomass Conversion
Authors: Bao Jun , Tsubaki Noritatsu
Published: August 2017

Tandem catalytic reaction is a promising strategy to improve the utilization efficiency of energy and resources. The conventional hybrid catalysts cannot readily realize the precisely controlled synthesis of target products due to the unrestricted, open reaction environment. Assembling the hybrid catalyst with multiple active sites into core‐shell structured capsule catalyst is one of the most effective ways to enhance the selectivity of desired products during a tandem catalysis process, because the core‐shell structure offers a space‐confined reaction field and synergistic effect. This review describes our recent progresses on the design and synthesis of core‐shell structured zeolite capsule catalysts developed for C1 chemistry and biomass conversion. The various synthesis methods for constructing the well‐defined zeolite capsule catalysts are described in detail. The applications of the capsule catalysts in catalysis, including the middle isoparaffins synthesis from syngas, one‐step synthesis of dimethyl ether, and liquid‐phase tandem reaction of glycerol conversion, are discussed, respectively. Our perspectives regarding the challenges and opportunities for future research in the field are also provided.
Segmental arithmetic: summing up the Hox gene regulatory network for hindbrain development in chordates
Authors: Parker Hugo J. , Krumlauf Robb
Published: August 2017

Organization and development of the early vertebrate hindbrain are controlled by a cascade of regulatory interactions that govern the process of segmentation and patterning along the anterior–posterior axis via Hox genes. These interactions can be assembled into a gene regulatory network that provides a framework to interpret experimental data, generate hypotheses, and identify gaps in our understanding of the progressive process of hindbrain segmentation. The network can be broadly separated into a series of interconnected programs that govern early signaling, segmental subdivision, secondary signaling, segmentation, and ultimately specification of segmental identity. Hox genes play crucial roles in multiple programs within this network. Furthermore, the network reveals properties and principles that are likely to be general to other complex developmental systems. Data from vertebrate and invertebrate chordate models are shedding light on the origin and diversification of the network. Comprehensive cis‐regulatory analyses of vertebrate Hox gene regulation have enabled powerful cross‐species gene regulatory comparisons. Such an approach in the sea lamprey has revealed that the network mediating segmental Hox expression was present in ancestral vertebrates and has been maintained across diverse vertebrate lineages. Invertebrate chordates lack hindbrain segmentation but exhibit conservation of some aspects of the network, such as a role for retinoic acid in establishing nested Hox expression domains. These comparisons lead to a model in which early vertebrates underwent an elaboration of the network between anterior–posterior patterning and Hox gene expression, leading to the gene‐regulatory programs for segmental subdivision and rhombomeric segmentation. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e286. doi: 10.1002/wdev.286

This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Gene Networks and Genomics

Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development

Comparative Development and Evolution > Body Plan Evolution
Sport, Leisure and Culture In Twentieth-Century Britain
Authors: Hill Jeffrey
Published: August 2017

In Sport, Leisure and Culture in Twentieth-Century Britain, Jeffrey Hill examines the social history of recreation, including: the development of spectator sports; the attractions of the cinema; tourism; the role of the media; the significance of clubs and societies. Commercial, voluntary and state "sectors" of sport and leisure provision are all included, and relationships of social class, gender and ethnicity in sport and leisure are given prominence in an analysis which spans the whole century.
Synthesis and Identification of AceDoxyPC, a Protectin‐Containing Structured Phospholipid, Using Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lo Van Amanda , Fourmaux Baptiste , Picq Madeleine , Guichardant Michel , Lagarde Michel , Bernoud‐Hubac Nathalie
Published: August 2017

Fatty acids have many health benefits in a great variety of diseases ranging from cardiovascular to cerebral diseases. For instance, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is highly enriched in brain phospholipids, plays a major role in anti‐inflammatory or neuroprotective pathways. Its effects are thought to be due, in part, to its conversion into derived mediators such as protectins. 1‐Lyso,2‐docosahexaenoyl‐glycerophosphocholine (LysoPtdCho‐DHA) is one of the physiological carrier of DHA to the brain. We previously synthesized a structured phosphatidylcholine to mimic 1‐lyso,2‐docosahexaenoyl‐glycerophosphocholine, named AceDoPC® (1‐acetyl,2‐docosahexaenoyl‐glycerophosphocholine), that is considered as a stabilized form of the physiological LysoPtdCho‐DHA and that is neuroprotective in experimental ischemic stroke. Considering these, the current study aimed at enzymatically oxygenate DHA contained within AceDoPC® to synthesize a readily structured oxidized phospholipid containing protectin DX (PDX), thereafter named AceDoxyPC (1‐acetyl,2‐PDX‐glycerophosphocholine). Identification of this product was performed using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Such molecule could be used as a bioactive mediator for therapy against neurodegenerative diseases and stroke.