bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reassessing standards of vascular access device care: a follow-up audit
Authors: McGuire Rose , Norman Ellen , Hayden Iain
Published: April 2019

This article reports on the findings of a repeat audit of vascular access devices (VADs) in a district general hospital undertaken 4 years after a previous audit. The first demonstrated poor standards of care and low compliance with evidence-based guidelines, indicating that a change in practice was necessary. A strategy of training, education and standardisation for intravenous devices was introduced, with the goal of transforming practice to raise standards and improve compliance. The findings of the follow-up audit show that the strategy has been successful in raising standards of care and reducing infections.
Ethical dilemmas surrounding 24-hour nursing provision for patients in veterinary practice
Authors: Saul Anna M
Published: April 2019

Providing suitable 24-hour patient care is a difficult topic for many veterinary practices (VP) and involves many ethical dilemmas to ensure that the patient's, staff's and clients' needs are met. Following rules and regulations to prevent litigation, providing care for good patient outcomes and upholding client expectations at an affordable price, alongside the provision for staff wellbeing makes this a difficult task. Evidence-based research, technology and effective communication skills may help to solve these dilemmas.
Initial management of the burn wound patient
Authors: Curtis Amanda
Published: April 2019

Wounds are a common occurrence in veterinary medicine, ranging from traumatic injuries to surgical complications, but most of these wounds will not require as comprehensive multimodal management as the severe burn patient. A burn wound is defined as thermal damage to the two main skin layers which causes coagulation and microvascular reactions. This leads to increased capillary and extravascular permeability and vasodilation, subsequently these reactions can cause numerous complications including burn shock, sepsis, severe oedema, multisystem organ failure and death. If appropriate management is initiated from when the patient is first presented, then an attempt can be made to prevent these adverse events from occurring. This article aims to cover the initial emergency stabilisation of the burn patient and some of the wound management options available.
Rehabilitating the canine cruciate patient: part two
Authors: Corral Cheryl
Published: April 2019

Surgery to correct cranial cruciate ligament rupture is commonly performed in both first opinion and referral practice. Following on from part one of this article which discusses the background aetiology, diagnosis and conservative management of cruciate disease, this article looks at the three most commonly performed surgical procedures as treatment options, and rehabilitation of the canine patient post surgery.
Buffering Reduces Potassium Solubilising Potential of Selected Bacterial Isolates
Authors: Vikram Singh Rajawat Mahendra , Singh Rajni , Singh Devendra , Kumar Saxena Anil
Published: April 2019

Twenty three potassium solubilising bacteria (KSB) having potential to weather insoluble potassium bearing minerals were selected from 54 isolates obtained from the rhizosphere of different crop plants. The amount of K solubilised by different isolates in liquid medium ranged from 10.6±0.92 to 50.80±2.43 µg/mL. The isolates positive for solubilisation were categorized into weak, average and good solubiliser. Eleven isolates representing each category were further selected to study the effect of buffering of medium on K solubilisation. All the isolates exhibited the trait of K solubilisation both in the buffered and non-buffered media but with varying efficiency. In general for all the isolates, the amount of K released in the medium was low in buffered medium as compared to non-buffered medium. The buffering strength of medium diminished the effectiveness of KSB to release K from mineral and have no correlation with solubilisation in non-buffered medium (r = 0.89).
Seroconversion Studies of Indian Newcastle Disease Virus Isolates of Genotype XIII in 3 week Old Chickens
Authors: Jakhesara S. J. , Patel A. K. , Malsaria Priya , Pal J. K. , Joshi C.G.
Published: April 2019

Poultry industry plays an important role in sustaining economy of India. Despite routine vaccination strategies has been a common practice to control commonly occurring diseases in poultry, outbreaks are commonplace. Recently, emergence of genotype XIII strains of NDV resulted in widespread economic losses in India. We prepared inactivated oil adjuvant vaccine derived from Lasota, ndv53/Haryana or ndv52/Sarsa, which is recently isolated genotype XIII virus in India. Three groups of SPF chickens were vaccinated once with each vaccine and serum samples were collected every 7 days interval and tested for HI titres with three different antigens prepared from same virus to assess cross neutralization antibodies amongst them. All three vaccines have shown some degree of cross reactivity after 14 days post vaccination. However, vaccine prepared from Lasota, a genotype II virus failed to generate significant titers against both ndv53/Haryana and ndv52/Sarsa. Our observation explains recent outbreaks of genotype XIII viruses in the field and necessitates development of new vaccines to control the recently emerged NDV strains in India.
Isolation and Charecterisation of Seaweed Endophytic Fungi as an Efficient Phosphate Solubiizers
Authors: Noorjahan A. , Aiyamperumal B. , Anantharaman P.
Published: April 2019

Phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF) generally enhance the availablility of phosphorus (P) released from soil, which contributes to plants' P requirement, especially in P-limiting regions. In this study we isolated endophytic fungi from seaweeds and screened for phosphate solubilizng in both solid and liquid culture and estimated the solubilizing index and enzyme activity. Six fungus of Penicillium oxalicum, P.citrinums and Aspergillus sp. shows maximum phosphate solubilizing activity. Hence Seaweed endophytic fungus isolated from chlorophyceae express as an alternate source to replace chemical fertilizer.
Epidemiology and Risk Factor of Lung Cancer in Morocco
Authors: Haimer Amal , Belamalem Souad , Habib Faouzi , Soulaymani Abdelmajid , Mokhtari Abdelrhani , Hami Hinde
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer in Morocco. This is a descriptive retrospective analysis of lung cancer cases, diagnosed and treated at Al Azhar Oncology Center in Rabat over a period of 11 years, between 2005 and 2015. Among the 615 cases that were diagnosed with lung cancer at Al Azhar Oncology Center, 85.85% were male and 14.15% female, the mean age of men with lung cancer was 59.8 ± 11.2 years while that of women was 58.6 ± 12 years. During the study period, there were 129 deaths from this type of cancer, of which 89.9% were men and 10.08% were women. The maximum frequency of death was observed in patients aged between 40 and 60 years with 54.80%. Of all diagnosed cases, 2.40% were diagnosed with metastatic disease. The majority of patients received chemotherapy treatment with 47%, followed by patients who received radiotherapy with 42.3%. On the other hand, the study shows that there is an association between the risk of progression to death and smoking. Lung cancer is dreaded especially in the male population with a high number of cases and lethality as well as a poor prognosis.
Colorectal Cancer in Morocco : Results of a Retrospective Study
Authors: Haimer Amal , Belamalem Souad , Habib Faouzi , Soulaymani Abdelmajid , Mokhtari Abdelrhani , Hami Hinde
Published: April 2019

Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the second in female, with an estimated 1, 4 million cases and 693,900 deaths occurring in 20121. The aim of this study is to determine the epidemiological characteristics of colorectal cancer in Morocco. This is a descriptive retrospective study of colorectal cancer cases diagnosed and treated at Al Azhar Oncology Center in Rabat between 2005 and 2015. During the period of study, there were 641 cases diagnosed with colorectal cancer; 371 (57, 9%) were men and 270 (42, 1%) were women, there was 54 deaths among which 63% were men and 37% were women. The average age of patients with colorectal cancer was 56 ± 14.6 years whereas the average age of death was 53, 8 ± 13, 7 years. The maximum of frequency for this kind of cancer was between the age of 40 and 59 years old. The study also showed that there was no association between the age and the risk of the death. Despite the limitations of the available data, it is clear that there are several barriers to access to cancer control in developing countries. This includes prevention, early detection, diagnosis and treatment.
Heavy Metal Analysis of Locally Available Anticancer Medicinal Plants
Authors: Rehman Khushnoodur , Hamayun Muhammad , Afzal Khan Sumera , Iqbal Amjad , Hussain Anwar
Published: April 2019

Plant species are used in different forms either dry or fresh to extract the active ingredients that can be used for medicinal purposes. These active ingredients may or may not contain non-essential elements. One of the main non-essential elements includes heavy metals. The consumption of medicinal plants having larger amounts of heavy metals can affect the health of human beings. Currently, we have also assessed eight locally available medicinal plant species for endogenous heavy metals (i.e. cadmium, arsenic, mercury, lead and zinc). The results revealed that Saxifraga flagellaris, Moringa oleifera, and Fegonia cretica had no lead, whereas Melia azedarach had the highest concentration of lead. Similarly, Saxifraga flagellaris had lower concentration of arsenic, while Albizia lebbeck had zero and Melia azedarach had the highest accumulation of arsenic. Cadmium was absent in Saxifraga flagellaris, Withania coagulans, and Valeriana jatamansi. Moringa oleifera had lower and Melia azedarach had the greatest amounts of cadmium. Mercury concentration has been high in Melia azedarach (2.39±0.18 µg/g), followed by Hedera helix (0.26±0.02 µg/g), Saxifraga flagellaris (0.051±0.031 µg/g) and Albizia lebbeck (0.041±0.01 µg/g). The species, Fegonia cretica, Valeriana jatamansi, Withania coagulans, Moringa oleifera had no mercury. The highest zinc concentration was observed in Melia azedarach and the lowest concentration was found in Saxifraga flagellaris.
Study of Mechanical Energy Dissipation by Normal and Decalcified Animals Bones
Authors: Rauf Abdul , Ismail Ahmad Syed
Published: April 2019

The energy dissipated properties of normal and decalcified femur, rib and scapula bones of animals ox and camel have been studied by uniform bending technique. A hysteresis curve has been observed between the elevation in bone and load applied. It is observed that the energy dissipated as calculated from the hysteresis loop for rib is more than that of femur and scapula of ox and camel. It has been observed that the dissipation of energy in normal bone is less than that of decalcified bone under the same condition of applied load. The highest energy dissipation was observed in case of rib bone of camel compared to that of any other bone, rib of camel and scapula of ox dissipates maximum energy than femur bones. The study suggests that this technique is simple, elegant and inexpensive besides accurate in determining viscoelastic properties of bone.
Isolation and Identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from Caterpillar Frass and their Probiotic Characterization
Authors: Vinayak Khisti Ujwala , Arun Kathade Suyash , Arjun Aswani Mayur , Kaur Anand Pashmin , Kunchirman Bipinraj Nirichan
Published: April 2019

Probiotics are live microorganisms which upon ingestion confer health benefits to the host and are widely applied for human and animal welfare. The present study reports the isolation of yeast cells from caterpillar frasses and its probiotic characterization. Out of four yeast cultures isolated, all found to be non-hemolytic and cultures designated as CV-I, CV-II CV-III and CV-IV showed good bile tolerance at 1.2%. These cultures possessed the ability to grow pH range of 1.5 – 10, exhibited auto-aggregation and co-aggregation capabilities, which are essential for growth in alimentary canal and reduction of pathogen adherence on the intestinal epithelial cells. All cultures exhibited good tolerance to temperature up to 42°C. Isolate CV-I showed wide range of antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. This study is the first report of isolation and characterization of probiotic yeast from caterpillar frass. The isolate CV-I has been identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae by molecular methods. This culture is an ideal candidate for further probiotic exploration.
Histochemical and Shoot Induction Studies of Basella rubra L. (Basellaceae)
Authors: Abubacker M.N. , Ganapathy G. , Sebastin L. Maria , Suresh Mondal K.
Published: April 2019

The optimum concentrations of the plant hormones for in vitro regeneration and subsequent effect of auxins on rooting (in vitro and ex vitro) of shoots of Basella rubra L. have been investigated in present study. Nodal shoot segments were used as explants to initiate the cultures. Histochemical studies of in vitro and in vivo plants revealed alkaloids, polyphenols and terpenoids concentrations were higher in in vivo plants. Ascorbic acid and tannin concentration have shown no difference in the content in in vitro and in vivo plants. MS medium supplemented with IBA 2.0 mg/l + NAA 0.5 mg/l + GA3 0.5 mg/l induced shoot regeneration MS+IBA 3.0 mg/l induced roots and the plant regeneration was achieved in MS + IBA 0.5 mg/l + GA3 1.5 mg/l + IAA 1.0 mg/l. SEM – EDX elemental analysis of in vitro plants have shown absorption of sodium, magnesium, silica, phosphorus, sulphur, chlorine and potassium from the medium. The in vivo plants have shown absorption of magnesium, silica, chlorine, potassium, calcium and iron.
An Understanding of Diabetes Mellitus Associated Complications, Treatment Modalities and Management Strategies
Authors: Paul Nabomita , Pandey Ajay , M. Pandey Khushhali
Published: April 2019

Diabetes is a consequential human ailment afflicting a significant population in many countries across the world. In India, it is turning out to be a major health quandary, especially in urban areas. Though there are various approaches to reduce the ill-effects of diabetes and its secondary complications, herbal formulations are preferred due to lesser side-effects and low cost. Traditional medicines derived from medicinal plants are utilized by about 60% of the world’s population. This review focuses on Indian herbal drugs and medicinal plants utilized in the treatment of diabetes, especially in India.
Recent Advances in Hand Surgery and Future Prospects
Authors: Mariappan N. , Vignesh M.Sri
Published: April 2019

The health care in hand surgery deals not only with surgical and non-surgical treatment and management. This field has been recognized much enough and development as independent clinical specialty. This review highlights the importance of hand surgery seems as a separate and independent clinical specialty, progress and challenges faced in past during its development, functional outcomes.
Away from incident
Authors: Lilwall Amy , Loydell Rupert
Published: April 2019

A collaboratively written prose piece, ‘Away from incident’ explores ideas of forms and processes. The authors’ poetics are embedded within the text.
It didn’t happen like this: Suicide, voice and witnessing in Dead Centre’s Lippy
Authors: Venn Jon
Published: April 2019

This article addresses the use of voice in the theatrical representation of suicide in Dead Centre’s Lippy, a play that engages with the real-life group suicide of a family of four Irish women in 2001. Following a discussion of how to negotiate the political and ethical components of the suicide and the play, the article suggests witnessing as a fruitful conceptual framework. However, it establishes the need to develop the conceptualization of witnessing from existing scholarship in two core modes. First, it denotes that rather than simply a particular mode of language or sight, witnessing can take place through voice; it explores how Lippy uses voice to delineate and question structures of power in the representation of the Mulrooneys’ suicide. Second, instead of conceiving witnessing as simply a radicalization of the audience’s spectatorship, or situating the audience as either as testifier, witness or meta-witness, witnessing is a process in performance that concomitantly involves all three of these positions.
In memory of Maria I. Bronstein
Authors: Rozhinskaya Liudmila Y.
Published: April 2019

On June 14, 2018, at the age of 85, Maria Bronstein, a remarkable pathologist, died. The entire professional life of M. Bronstein was associated with the Endocrinology Research Centre (the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Chemistry of Hormones of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences).
Task complexity, language proficiency and working memory: Interaction effects on second language speech performance
Authors: Awwad Anas , Tavakoli Parvaneh
Published: April 2019

With the aim of developing a more reliable understanding of the effects of task complexity and learner-internal factors on L2 performance, a 2×2 within-between participant study was designed to examine the effects intentional reasoning has on L2 performance, and whether learner language proficiency and working memory mediates these effects. Forty- eight learners of English performed two video-based narrative tasks of varying degrees of intentional reasoning, after taking Oxford Placement Test, Elicited Imitation Tasks and backward-digit span tasks. The results demonstrate that intentional reasoning had significant effects on complexity and accuracy, but no impact on fluency. Regression analyses indicated that proficiency and working memory reliably predicted accuracy across both task types. However, language proficiency and working memory contributed differentially to models predicting lexical complexity and speed fluency in the two task types, highlighting the interaction between task complexity and learner-internal factors.
Testosterone or Estradiol When Implanted in the Medial Preoptic Nucleus Trigger Short Low-Amplitude Songs in Female Canaries
Authors: Vandries Laura M. , Ghorbanpoor Samar , Cornez Gilles , Shevchouk Olesya T. , Ball Gregory F. , Cornil Charlotte A. , Balthazart Jacques
Published: April 2019

In male songbirds, the motivation to sing is largely regulated by testosterone (T) action in the medial preoptic area, whereas T acts on song control nuclei to modulate aspects of song quality. Stereotaxic implantation of T in the medial preoptic nucleus (POM) of castrated male canaries activates a high rate of singing activity, albeit with a longer latency than after systemic T treatment. Systemic T also increases the occurrence of male-like song in female canaries. We hypothesized that this effect is also mediated by T action in the POM. Females were stereotaxically implanted with either T or with 17β-estradiol (E2) targeted at the POM and their singing activity was recorded daily during 2 h for 28 d until brains were collected for histological analyses. Following identification of implant localizations, three groups of subjects were constituted that had either T or E2 implanted in the POM or had an implant that had missed the POM (Out). T and E2 in POM significantly increased the number of songs produced and the percentage of time spent singing as compared with the Out group. The songs produced were in general of a short duration and of poor quality. This effect was not associated with an increase in HVC volume as observed in males, but T in POM enhanced neurogenesis in HVC, as reflected by an increased density of doublecortin-immunoreactive (DCX-ir) multipolar neurons. These data indicate that, in female canaries, T acting in the POM plays a significant role in hormone-induced increases in the motivation to sing.
Knight's Moves: The Son-in-law in Cicero and Tacitus
Authors: Gowers Emily
Published: April 2019

While the relationship between fathers and sons, real or metaphorical, is still a dominant paradigm among classicists, this paper considers the rival contribution of Roman sons-in-law to the processes of collaboration and succession. It discusses the tensions, constraints, and obligations that soceri–generi relationships involved, then claims a significant role for sons-in-law in literary production. A new category is proposed here: “son-in-law literature,” with texts offered as recompense for a wife or her dowry, or as substitute funeral orations. Cicero and Tacitus are two authors for whom the relationship played a key role in shaping realities and fantasies of advancement. The idealized in-law bonds of De Amicitia, Brutus, and De Oratore are set against Cicero's intellectual aspirations and real-life dealings with a challenging son-in-law, while Tacitus' relationship to Agricola can be seen to affect both his historiographical discussions of father–son-in-law relationships and the lessons he drew from them about imperial succession.
Classical Greek Ethnography and the Slave Trade
Authors: Harrison Thomas
Published: April 2019

This paper draws upon analogy with better documented slave societies (the medieval Islamic world, and the 18th-century Caribbean) to argue, first, that the institution of slavery was a major factor in fostering a discourse on the differences among foreign peoples; and secondly, that Greek ethnographic writing was informed by the experience of slavery, containing implicit justifications of slavery as an institution. It then considers the implications of these conclusions for our understanding of Greek representations of the barbarian world and for Greek contact with non-Greeks.
Tyranny, Self, and Genre in Pliny's Letter 5.8
Authors: Haynes Holly
Published: April 2019

In Letter 5.8 Pliny shows that in the post-Domitianic era historia has become an impossible genre, both as a vehicle for conventional moral wisdom and because of the authoritative narrative voice it necessitates. The letter's literary strategies of deferral express these problems even as its content appears to argue positively the merits of historia and compare it with those of oratio. Pliny emphasizes the insufficiency of the narrative “I”, suggesting instead the importance of dialogue as the means both toward the ethical reconstruction of post-tyrannical discourse and the literary fame for which Pliny also hopes.
On Taking our Sources Seriously: Servius and the Theatrical Life of Vergil's Eclogues
Authors: Lada-Richards Ismene
Published: April 2019

This article revisits a famous staple of the Vergilian tradition, Servius's heavily contested scholion on the actress Volumnia Cytheris's theatrical rendition of Vergil's sixth Eclogue. By shifting the focus of inquiry from the strictly historical question ‘did it happen?’ it cuts through, identifies and disentangles a nexus of prejudices which have led to the devaluing of Servius's information. The sidelining or dismissal of this piece of evidence, I argue, has more to teach us about our own culturally entrenched and discipline-inherited assumptions than about what could have happened in late Republican Rome. Scrutiny of the evidence on the stage re-mediation of high poetry suggests it is entirely plausible that Cytheris would have performed a theatricalized version of Vergil's masterpiece. Indeed at the very heart of the story lies the convergence between élite poetry and the world of professional stage artists. Moreover, Cytheris's possible performance of a repertoire that coincides with the mythological core of pantomime dancing in its artistic maturity opens pivotal questions concerning what Plutarch (Mor.748a) aptly calls the “full association and mutual entanglement” between the arts of poetry and dance. Taking Servius seriously gives us the impetus to explore more decisively dimensions of Roman life that have been messily sidelined as a result of the systematic privileging of “texts” in our surveys of Roman intellectual landscapes over the centuries. Even if Servius's extract turned out to be no more than a “myth”, an “anecdote”, as such narratives go, this is an incredibly helpful one, provided we are willing to press it into the service of larger inquiries regarding the “circulation” of cultural energy between élite and popular culture.
Postvaccination Febrile Seizure Severity and Outcome
Authors: Deng Lucy , Gidding Heather , Macartney Kristine , Crawford Nigel , Buttery Jim , Gold Michael , Richmond Peter , Wood Nicholas
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND:

Febrile seizures (FSs) are a common pediatric condition caused by a sudden rise in temperature, affecting 3% to 5% of children aged ≤6 years. Although vaccination can cause FSs, little is known on whether FSs occurring in the time soon after vaccination (vaccine-proximate febrile seizures [VP-FSs] differ clinically from non–vaccine-proximate febrile seizures [NVP-FSs]). We compared the clinical profile and outcomes of VP-FS to NVP-FS.

METHODS:

Prospective cohort study of children aged ≤6 years presenting with their first FS at 1 of 5 Australian pediatric hospitals between May 2013 and June 2014. Clinical features, management, and outcomes were compared between VP-FS and NVP-FS.

RESULTS:

Of 1022 first FS cases (median age 19.8 months; interquartile range 13.6–27.6), 67 (6%) were VP-FSs. When comparing VP-FS to NVP-FS, there was no increased risk of prolonged (>1 day) hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] 1.61; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.84–3.10), ICU admission (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.10–5.48), seizure duration >15 minutes (OR 1.47; 95% CI 0.73–2.98), repeat FS within 24 hours (OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.34–1.89), or requirement for antiepileptic treatment on discharge (OR 1.81; 95% CI 0.41–8.02). VP-FS patients with a laboratory-confirmed infection (12%) were more likely to have a prolonged admission compared with those without.

CONCLUSIONS:

VP-FS accounted for a small proportion of all FS hospital presentations. There was no difference in outcomes of VP-FS compared with NVP-FS. This is reassuring data for clinicians and parents of children who experience FS after vaccination and can help guide decisions on revaccination.
Below-the-ankle Angioplasty: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives
Authors: Spiliopoulos Stavros , Reppas Lazaros , Palialexis Konstantinos , Brountzos Elias
Published: April 2019

Over 20 million adults in Europe suffer from peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The annual incidence of PAD is approximately 2.4%, while the annual incidence of critical limb ischaemia (CLI), the last and most severe stage of PAD, has been reported to be 0.4%. Endovascular angioplasty and/or stenting of infrapopliteal disease is, today, an established treatment for critical limb ischaemia. The main technical advantages of endovascular treatment over open bypass surgery include the possibility to revascularise more than one infrapopliteal vessels and, most importantly, to treat outflow pedal vessel disease or even reconstitute the pedal arch. Data of below-the-ankle angioplasty are beginning to sum up and the contribution of pedal arch angioplasty in limb salvage and wound healing are currently under investigation. In this review, currently available data and the future perspectives on below-the-ankle and pedal arch endovascular treatment will be presented.
The Fate of the Superior Mesenteric Artery in Fenestrated Endovascular Repair of Complex Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Xu Yongcheng , Li Yukun
Published: April 2019

Issues related to the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in fenestrated endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (f-EVAR), such as misalignment of the endograft and bridging devices-associated complications, are rarely reported. Moreover, the absence of autopsies in the majority of patients who died in the published series makes a possible correlation with occlusion of the SMA unknown. Current studies that reported on f-EVAR were reviewed accordingly, aiming to improve our understanding of the natural course of the SMA in fenestrated technology and to explore the associated clinical complications.
Importance of Follow-up Imaging in the Detection of Delayed Type 2 Endoleaks Despite Complete Aneurysmal Sac Shrinkage
Authors: Taneva Gergana T , Shafe Omid , Torsello Giovanni B , Schwindt Arne , Moosavi Jamal , Sadeghipour Parham , Donas Konstantinos P
Published: April 2019

Type 2 endoleaks usually constitute a benign and self-limited phenomenon, which rarely leads to aneurysmal sac expansion. However, in a small subset of patients, a persistent type 2 endoleak might pressurise the aneurysmal sac causing expansion. The authors present two cases with delayed new-onset type 2 endoleak. One occurred after standard endovascular aortic repair and the other after chimney endovascular aortic repair, causing expansion of the aneurysmal sac after a period of complete aneurysmal sac shrinkage. Accordingly, there is a risk of sac re-expansion due to delayed onset endoleaks, independent of the technique, justifying the need for a continuous follow-up despite long-term aneurysmal sac shrinkage.
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Using Anaconda Repositionable Aortic Stent Graft Assisted Exclusively by Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: La Barbera Gaetano , La Rosa Giuliana , Valentino Fabrizio , Ferro Gabriele , Parsaei Dario , Lipari Rosario , Petrucelli Davide , Talarico Francesco
Published: April 2019

Arteriography with contrast medium (CM) injection is normally employed to visualise the lowest renal artery during endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has been proposed as an alternative, real-time imaging diagnostic technique to arteriography. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of EVAR using Anaconda repositionable aortic stent graft (Vascutek) assisted by IVUS (Volcano Visions, Philips) during intraluminal navigation without CM. From January 2016 to December 2017, 25 patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms, identified through anatomical inclusion criteria, underwent EVAR. All of the patients had an arteriogram at the end of the EVAR procedure to confirm aortic stent graft patency and to exclude type 1 endoleaks. The primary objective was the technical and clinical success of this CM-free aortic stent graft delivery procedure. At the end of the period, 150 target vessels were evaluated. IVUS versus angio-CT sensitivity and specificity rate were 97.3% and 100%, respectively. The primary technical success was obtained in 88% of the cases. Three patients (12%) needed CM injection to complete the procedure and there were no cases of type 1 endoleak. Primary clinical success was 100%. During follow-up at a mean of 20 months, none of the patients died or had complications. We conclude that a full EVAR procedure is feasible using only IVUS navigation and repositionable aortic stent graft without CM injection in anatomically selected cases.
Alternative Access for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Current Evidence and Future Directions
Authors: Coughlan JJ , Kiernan Thomas J , Arnous Samer
Published: April 2019

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is the usual technique for patients with severe aortic stenosis who are at high risk for surgical aortic valve replacement. The transfemoral (TF) route is the most commonly used access type, and significant progress in this procedure has greatly increased the proportion of patients who can undergo it. Not all patients are suitable for TF TAVI, however, so other routes, including transapical, transaortic, subclavian, trans-subclavian/transaxillary, transcarotid and transcaval, may need to be used. Evidence on these routes shows promising results but the majority of this is registry data rather than randomised controlled trials, so TF TAVI remains the safest access route and should be considered for most patients. However, in patients who are unsuitable for TF TAVI, alternative access routes are safe and feasible. The challenges concern choosing the best route, the valve to use and skill of the specialist centre. This article provides a overview of options for alternative vascular access in TAVI, the clinical rationale for using them, current evidence and areas for clinical investigation.
Intestinal Microbiota and Allergy. Probiotics and Prebiotics in Prevention and Treatment of Allergic Diseases
Authors: Makarova Svetlana G. , Namazova-Baranova Leyla S. , Ereshko Oksana A. , Yasakov Dmitry S. , Sadchikov Pavel E.
Published: April 2019

Intestinal microbiota is the factor that identifies considerably the human health. The impact of the microbial factor on a child begins long before his birth. Children have certain features in forming of immune response and intestinal microbiocenosis even before birth. Decline in diversity of intestinal microbiota is common in children with allergic disease even during first months of life, before allergic pathology development. Capabilities for microbiota development adjustment are sufficiently restricted. However it is clinically proven that early (within the first hours of life) breastfeeding attachment, breastfeeding itself within at least first 6 months of life, the use of prebiotics in milk formulas as well as the use of probiotics can give positive results on allergy management. In this review we present results of recent metaanalyses and consensus papers of international medical communities about use of probiotics and prebiotics in prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. Despite great scientific and practical interest to this topic, authors of metaanalyses bring our attention to the lack of evidence-based clinical trials.
Federation Pharmacological Safety in Pregnancy: Modern Knowledge, Practice and Pharmacoepidemiological Approaches to the Studying and Recognizing of Drugs with Teratogenic Risk
Authors: Lutsevich Konstantin A. , Reshetko Olga V.
Published: April 2019

One of the key issues in obstetric practice remains the lack or incompleteness of information on the teratogenicity of most drugs used by pregnant women. Uncertainty regarding teratogenic risks significantly affect the quality of information on drugs; nevertheless, counseling patients allows arriving at a more balanced solution regarding their risk in pregnancy. Determination of the most commonly taken drugs (prescription or OTC) in the first trimester of gestation and increase of knowledge on their embryofetal risks optimizes pharmacotherapy during pregnancy. Characteristics and epidemiological analysis of possible factors, including drugs, associated with the occurrence of congenital anomalies, are crucial for the development of prevention activities that have an impact on the incidence of defects.
Clinic Case of Rare Type VI Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Ignatovich Olga N. , Namazova-Baranova Leyla S. , Margieva Tea V. , Zhurkova Natalia V. , Savostyanov Kirill V. , Pushkov Alexander V.
Published: April 2019

Osteogenesis imperfect is genetically heterogeneous group of diseases which are characterized by bone brittleness and fractures. It was thought for a long time that this is happening due to mutations in collagen genes. However, within past decade the understanding of osteogenesis imperfecta etiology has changed as a result of genetics development. The majority of all cases is related to mutations in collagen genes whereas rare mostly recessive forms are related to mutations in genes encoding collagen post-translational modification. Mutations in SERPINF1 gene were chosen as molecular cause of osteogenesis imperfecta type VI in 2011. Thus the new pathophysiology of this disease was revealed. Children with osteogenesis imperfecta type VI have high-frequency of fractures despite the management with bisphosphonates because mineralized bone osteoid is considerably reduced.
Crouzon Syndrome: Clinical case
Authors: Zryachkin Nikolai I. , Buchkova Tatyana N. , Chebotareva Galina I. , Kuleshova Tatyana I.
Published: April 2019

Relevance. Crouzon syndrome is a craniostenosis due to combination of cranial bones hypoplasia and premature ectocranial sutures fusion resulting in deformation of cerebral and facial cranium. Deformations of facial cranium are responsible for exophthalmos and corneoconjunctival xerosis and can lead to spontaneous eyeball dislocation. Clinical case description. The clinical case of bilateral eyeball dislocation in a patient (right eye at the age of 1 year 2 months, left — at 1 year 4 months) due to untimely original reconstructive surgery is presented. The blepharorrhaphy and osteotomy of cranio-orbital-zygomaxillary complex with installation of two distraction correction instruments on maxillary bone and two on frontal bone, distance osteogenesis, fronto-temporal region remodelling were performed at the age of 3 years 2 months. Conclusion. Crouzon syndrome is incurable illness that demands timely functional and cosmetic correction. Prognosis for this disease is unfavourable. These days the child is 8 years old: physical development delay and mental retardation progression as well as psychoneurological disorders are recorded.
Chondroitin sodium sulfate – impurities and standardization problems (literature review)
Authors: Komarova Е. L. , Chernova S. V. , Kasumova K. V. , Tabachnaya M. S. , Оvsyannikova L. V. , Eller К. I.
Published: April 2019

Modern research in the field of chondroitin sulfate chemical composition is considered. Clinical efficiency and safety are shown to depend on the nature and quality of the raw material used, ways of its technological processing and the degree of purification. The composition of chemical compounds (CC) variable is stated to represent the mixture of 2 main isomeric forms: chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate. In the animal tissue chondroitin 4-sulfate dominates, the content of which is 70 %; the content of chondroitin 6-sulfate is 30 %. The cartilages of sharks and other hydrobionts have got low content of chondroitin 4-sulfate (10 %) and chondroitin 6-sulfate 80 %. Complex polymeric structure and instability of CC composition make the problem of drug standardization on its basis complicated. The impurities encountered in substances are considered. The impurities are divided into several groups: related impurities, technological or mechanical ones uncharacteristic of CC. Comparative analysis of requirements for raw material from the point of view of normative documentation of different countries is carried out and their considerable difference is detected. It has been shown that for raising pharmacological activity the producer of drugs must take into account all the parameters of CC including the structural composition, molecular weight and presence of impurities.
Modern ideas about the origin, features of morphology, prognostic and predictive significance of tumor vessels
Authors: Senchukova M. A. , Makarova E. V. , Kalinin E. A. , Tkachev V. V.
Published: April 2019

The review presents modern ideas about the origin of tumor vessels and the features of their morphology. The various approaches to the classification of tumor vessel types and to the assessment of their clinical and prognostic significance are described. Also, the main problems associated with the use of angiogenesis blockers in the treatment of malignancies and their possible solutions are reflected in the review.
Neurotoxic properties of new antitumor agent anthrafuran
Authors: Golibrodo V. A. , Treshchalin I. D. , Shchekotikhin A. E. , Pereverzeva E. R.
Published: April 2019

Introduction . Currently, the study of the neurotoxic properties of new drugs is an indispensable step towards the promotion of the medicine to clinical practice. The original antitumor drug anthrafuran (LCTA-2034), obtained in Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, has demonstrated high activity against transplantable mice tumors. Previous studies have shown that the drug in high doses causes brain tissues damage.Objective: a pilot investigation of anthrafuran neurotoxicity.Materials and methods . The study was carried out on 52 female outbred rats. The suspension of drug in water for injection was administrated per os at a single maximum tolerated dose of 170 mg/kg. The testing was performed on “open field” setting 1, 4 and 8 h and repeated on day 1 and 30 post treatment.Results . It was found that the administration of the drug reduced both motor (covered distance, average speed) and research (the number of rearings, contacts with the “burrow”) activity as compared to control. These effects were manifested to the greatest extent 4 h post treatment. A day later, when rats re-visit “open field”, the parameters under study increased in this group, while in the control group these indicators decreased.Conclusion . Anthrafuran exhibits a reversible inhibitory effect on the motor and research activity of rats.
Test “Dissolution” as an integral part of quality complex evaluation of capsules with sekoisolariciresinol
Authors: Ignаtieva Е. V. , Shprakh Z. S. , Yartseva I. V. , Sanarova E. V.
Published: April 2019

Background . Test “Dissolution” is one of the main methods for quality evaluation of solid dosage drug forms, which enables characterization of the drug both in technological and biopharmacological aspects. The test may be also used for comparative studies of drugs bioavailability in vitro. Objective . Development of the “Dissolution” test for the drug Secoisolariciresinol, capsules 100 mg.Materials and methods . The study used: Secoisolariciresinol, capsules 100 mg; hydrochloric acid (c. p.); Twin-80 (Polysorbate LAUROPAN T/80, Italy); purified water (рН 6.5); 0.1 М and 0.2 М solutions of hydrochloric acid; phosphate buffer solution (рН 6.8). Equipment and devices: dissolution tester ERWEKA, series 700, type – paddle mixer (ERWEKA, Germany); recording spectrophotometer Cary-100 (Varian, USA); рН-meter HANNA рН 211 (Hanna Instruments, Germany); analytical balances Sartorius 2405 (Sartorius AG, Germany).Results . Methodology for performing the “Dissolution” test for the drug Secoisolariciresinol, capsules 100 mg was developed according to Russian State Pharmacopoeia (XIV) requirements for solid dosage drug forms.Conclusions . Optimal conditions were chosen for performing the study “Dissolution” for capsules containing 100 mg of secoisolariciresinol. Analytical methodology was designed for quantitative assessment of secoisolariciresinol release from capsules, which enables accurate control of pharmaceutical substance content in different dissolution media. Methodology for the “Dissolution” test of the drug Secoisolariciresinol, capsules 100 mg was developed on the base of the obtained experimental data.
Institute of foster family in the Secind Rzezhpospolita
Authors: Kotichenko Anna
Published: April 2019

The deals withe the problem ofoccurrence of the foster family institution in the Second Polish Republic. The author pays attention to the peculiarities of functioning of foster families in Poland in the interwar period, which was due largely to historical circumstances, but also mental and psychological attitudes of the population. The article discusses and attempts to trace the evolution of the legislation that initiated and governed the establishment of the foster family institution in the Second Polish Republic. The author concludes that progress in legislation, the active position of public figures, educators, communities were able to attract the attention of the adult world to help the remaining or orphaned child and to see her in person.
History of constitutional and legal traditions in the USA
Authors: Ladychenko Victor
Published: April 2019

The development of constitutionalism in the United States is described in this article. The distribution of power by the US Constitution in 1787 is analyzed. Certain continuity of law from the time of the American Revolution to this day is noted. Founding fathers views of the value of the constitutional norms in the political development of the United States are shown.
The Influence of the Social Situation of Development on the Social Cognition in the Children-Orphans
Authors: Avakyan T.V. , Volikova S.V. , Sorokova M.G.
Published: April 2019

The influence of a specific social development situation on the operational and motivational components of social cognition in orphan adolescents investigated. The theoretical basis of the study was the provisions of the "social situation of development" L.S. Vygotsky, theories of attachment by J. Bowlby, the multifactor model of social cognition A.B. Kholmogorova, O.V. Rychkova. 68 orphans aged from 10 to 17 years old living in the orphanage examined. It shown that orphaned teenagers with an insecure type of attachment have more difficulty in understanding their own feelings, regardless of the length of their stay in the institution. Orphans living in institutions for more than 5 years have a higher level of social anxiety and distress during social interaction.
Peculiarities of Thinking Formation in the Digital Environment
Authors: Alekhin A.N. , Grekova A.A.
Published: April 2019

The purpose of the research is to identify the features of young men's thinking, whose mental development carried out in conditions of life virtualization (in a network society). Material and methods. The study involved 319 mentally healthy respondents who study in the universities of St. Petersburg at the specialties associated with computer technology. The control group consists of the 45 respondents from 38 to 50 years. The choice of the control group is related to the fact that the thinking of people of this age category was formed in the pre-digital era. The research program includes classical pathopsychological methods "Exclusion of excess" and "Comparison of concepts". Results and conclusion. The modern youth thinking diagnosis revealed the existence of "pseudo-psychopatological" thinking phenomena (РPF). The answers based on latent signs, various variants of distortion of generalization and lack of generalization were assigned to РPF. PPF considered as having cultural and historical genesis. Comparison of the two samples according to the incidence rate of the РТP by Fisher's angular transformation method showed that the differences between the percentages of the prevalence of the test feature between the groups are significant. The research of the modern youth` thinking shows the increasing of the РPF `number specific to the modern mental norm. Generalizations based on latent signs, broad generalizations, as well as a number of parameters characteristic of distortion of thinking, should not be considered as specific indicators of thinking disorders, since they can occur normally. The results should be considered in evaluation of the results of pathopsychological experiments for clarification of norm and pathology of mental activity markers.
On the Correction of a Mental State in the Non-Drug Way at Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Reznikova T.N. , Seliverstova N.A.
Published: April 2019

In this work the generalized results of clinical psychological assessment of 56 patients with multiple sclerosis in dynamics of non-drug influence by technique of formation and activation the artificial stable functional connections of a brain presented. Positive effects from activation, gnostic, emotional and personal components of a mental state, and also feature of psychological reorganizations at patients with multiple sclerosis during 10 sessions of activation by photostimulation of the set frequency are revealed.