bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distorsi Pendidikan Karakter Siswa Dalam Pendidikan Jarak Jauh Pada Era Pandemi Covid-19 Di Kabupaten Majene, Indonesia
Authors: Mithhar  , Agustang Andi
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi secara mendalam tentang Pelaksanaan dan Distorsi pendidikan karakter siswa dalam Pendidikan Jarak Jauh pada era Pandemi Covid-19 di Kabupaten Majene, Provinsi Sulawesi barat, Indonesia. Data dikumpulkan melalui responden sebanyak 4.380 orang. Responden dipilih secara sengaja pada orang tua siswa atau yang mewakili, mulai dari Sekolah Dasar, Sekolah Menengah Pertama, Sekolah Menengah Atas, dan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan di Kabupaten Majene. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 291 sekolah yang tersebar pada 8 (delapan) Kecamatan dengan jumlah 44.949 peserta didik yang aktif melaksanakan Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (e-learning). Aplikasi yang sering digunakan selama pembelajaran jarak jauh adalah WhatsApp, Ruang Guru, Zoom Meeting, dan Google Calssroom, dan aplikasi-aplikasi lain. Distorsi karakter religius yang mengkuatirkan adalah pada aspek kepedualian pada sesama yang dapat menimbulkan intoleransi, individualistik, dan kurangnya penghargaan kepada orang lain. Distorsi pada karakter nasionalisme muncul karena selama pembelajaran jarak jauh para siswa hampir tidak pernah lagi menghadiri kegiatan bersifat kenegaraan. Distorsi karakter kemandirian siswa ditandai dengan berkembangnya sikap yang mengantungkan diri pada orang tua atau pendampingnya selama melakukan pembelajaran daring. Distorsi pada karakter gotong royong dipicu oleh kurangnya interaksi antar siswa mengakibakan kurangnnya saling pemahaman, tidak saling menghargai, siswa menjadi sangat tertutup dengan teman sebaya. Individualis yang muncul dalam diri siswa mengibatkan kurangnya tolong-menolong antar siswa, kurangnya solidaritas, rendahnya rasa empati yang mengakibatkan sikap kerelawanan menjadi rendah. Distorsi karakter Integritas siswa yaitu kecenderungan siswa untuk tidak jujur pada saat mengikuti tes/ujian. Bentuk kecurangan siswa yaitu dengan memanfaatkan mesin aplikasi pencari untuk menemukan jawaban, serta menggunakan chating di media sosial antar teman.
Using E-Wallet for Business Process Development: Challenges and Prospects in Malaysia
Authors: Alam Md. Mahmudul , Awawdeh Ala Eldin , Bin Muhamad Azim Izzuddin
Published: January 2022

Purpose: This study aims to explore the challenges and prospects of using e-wallets in Malaysia, and what it means for businesses and customers. Suggested here are strategies to leverage the strengths and opportunities as well as overcome the weaknesses and threats. Suggested here are strategies to leverage the strengths and opportunities as well as overcome the weaknesses and threats.Design/methodology/approach: This study analyses the e-wallet phenomenon using a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis to assess Malaysian business development. It is supported with findings from the literature and secondary data. The relevant secondary data were collected from Bank Negara Malaysia and the World Bank. Findings: This study shows that e-wallets in Malaysia have still not achieved their purpose but there is huge potential to do so. The SWOT analysis identified several strengths (e.g. financial incorporation, easy to access, protection and safety, simple for other accounts to connect to, product and consumer service management, quick to implement/administer), weaknesses (e.g. lack of infrastructure and the ‘tapping’ of devices already cornered by the mobile phone market, opportunities (e.g. eliminating fraud, better customer service, promotion/loyalty that can be built into customer experience) and threats (e.g. attacks from viruses, frequent inquiries whether multiple wallets can be used by clients, the concerns of reckless spending behaviour of the E-wallet users).Research implications: This study is crucial for assessing the current situation and the prospects of e-wallets in Malaysia. This study also offers significant insights for policymakers and e-wallet service providers to develop appropriate strategies to enhance e-wallet services in Malaysia.Originality/value: This paper is the first of its kind to integrate a SWOT analysis and the rapid development of the e-wallet market in Malaysia. Hence, the findings could broaden our knowledge on the fintech industry and enable firms to participate in the e-wallet market.
Imitation inhibition and facial expression recognition: imitation-inhibition training inhibits the impact of interference with facial mimicry
Authors: Matsuda Naoyoshi , Abe Masaki O.
Published: January 2022

Imitation-inhibition training, requiring the inhibition of automatic imitative tendencies, has been proposed to enhance self-other distinction. Previous studies demonstrated that the training improves the ability of not only understanding others’ visual perspectives but also empathizing with them. We investigated the relationship between training and empathy in the recognition of others’ emotional states. All participants were trained on the first day and completed the self-reported empathy and facial expression recognition task the next day. This task consisted of a facial mimicry restricted block and an unrestricted block. The facial muscle activity and facial stimuli of participants were different in the restricted block because they had to hold chopsticks horizontally with their mouths, which interferes with facial mimicry. Consistent with a previous study, imitation-inhibition training increased self-reported empathy. Regarding recognition of facial expression, the performance of the control group declined due to interference with facial mimicry; on the other hand, the performance of the imitation-inhibition training group did not decline. These results suggest that imitation-inhibition training increases self-reported empathy and allows for a similar level of recognition of others’ emotional states, regardless of discrepancy between the condition of self and others.
Preregistration: the good, the bad, and the confusing
Authors: de Cheveigné Alain
Published: January 2022

Preregistration is a tool to enhance the reliability of science that has been promoted as a normative requirement for the award of grants or the acceptance of publications. I argue that: (a) preregistration addresses an important need, (b) it offers considerable benefits, (c) those benefits partially cover the need, (d) they are accompanied by costs and side effects. The decision to make preregistration a normative requirement should be carefully assessed for its potential side-effects, and alternative models and norms should be considered. I discuss factors that affect the reliability of science and how preregistration can influence them, and I make a few suggestions to enhance its efficacy while limiting its risks.
Sensory perception in autism: What can we learn?
Authors: Hadad Bat Sheva , Yashar Amit
Published: January 2022

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown etiology. Recently, there has been a growing interest in sensory processing in autism as a core phenotype. However, basic questions remain unanswered. Here, we review the major findings and models of perception in autism and point to methodological issues that have led to conflicting results. We show that popular models of perception in autism, such as the reduced prior hypothesis, cannot explain the many and varied findings. To resolve these issues, we point to the benefits of using rigorous psychophysical methods to study perception. We advocate for perceptual models that provide a detailed explanation of behavior while also taking into account factors such as context, learning and attention. Furthermore, we demonstrate the importance of tracking changes over development to reveal the causal pathways and compensatory mechanisms. Finally, we propose a developmental perceptual narrowing account of the condition.
Differences in the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation of the pre-supplementary motor area on imitation inhibition according to autism spectrum traits
Authors: Matsuda Naoyoshi , Abe Masaki O.
Published: January 2022

Adequate inhibition of automatic imitative tendencies is crucial in our daily lives. There have been inconsistent reports regarding the neural mechanism of imitation inhibition. Previous studies have suggested that it involves the theory of mind and multiple-demand networks. However, individual differences in the neural mechanism of imitation inhibition have been rarely considered, which could have attributed to the inconsistent reports. Behavioral experiments have suggested variations in the mechanism underlying imitation inhibition according to autism spectrum traits. Therefore, this transcranial direct current stimulation study aimed to examine whether the involvement of stimulated brain regions in imitation inhibition differed according to autism spectrum traits, which could imply differences in the stimulation effects. This study enrolled 27 adults (21 men, mean age: 21.44 ± 1.23 years). We applied transcranial direct current stimulation to the pre-supplementary motor area, which is a node of the multiple-demand network, and analyzed the stimulation effects according to autism spectrum traits measured using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient. Transcranial direct current stimulation of the pre- supplementary motor area did not alter imitation inhibition. However, on incongruent trials requiring imitation inhibition, a significant negative correlation between the Autism-Spectrum Quotient score and reaction time under the anodal condition was observed. This indicated that the effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the pre- supplementary motor area on imitation inhibition differed according to autism spectrum traits. Our findings suggest that brain regions involved in imitation inhibition vary according to autism spectrum traits.
Exploring the role of working memory and attention in emotion recognition among adults with ADHD, a dual-task study.
Authors: Holroyd Alex , Jackson Margaret
Published: January 2022

Emotion recognition is a complex nonlinear process, and there is debate regarding whether it is an automatic process, or whether it involves working memory (WM) or attentional resources. Evidence suggests that individuals with ADHD exhibit impairments in emotion recognition, though the driving forces behind these impairments are unclear. This project aimed to measure the role of attentional resources on emotion recognition in adults with ADHD by using a dual-task experiment involving a WM loading task and a dynamic face morphing paradigm. Participants were asked to identify the emotion expression shown in dynamic video morph sequences that changed rapidly from neutral to 80% intensity and back. This was performed in two conditions: alone and with a concurrent WM number recall task. Participant mood state and levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured and controlled for using two self-report questionnaires (PANAS & Mini-MASQ). It was hypothesised that if emotion recognition requires attention, additional WM load would result in dual-task costs to emotion recognition performance in general, but especially for ADHD participants. No dual-task costs were found across groups in emotion recognition, though the results did reveal deficits in general WM performance for the ADHD group consistent with the wider literature. Taken altogether, the results emphasise the complexity of attentional/WM considerations and highlight the need for further research utilising similar dynamic paradigms.
Juvenile Crime and the Medical Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Anker Anne Sofie Tegner , Fallesen Peter
Published: January 2022

Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have on average worse socioeconomic outcomes in adolescence and early adulthood, as well as higher risk of engaging in criminal activities and having criminal justice contacts. However, little attention has been directed at understanding whether medical treatment of ADHD symptoms may lessen a criminogenic effect of ADHD. This study examines whether consistent medical treatment of ADHD decreases the risk of crime. We utilize the fact that the medication does not work for a subgroup of the treated, and that this medical non-response occurs in a plausibly random manner. Danish administrative data on purchased medication allow us to identify a group who most likely discontinue treatment due to medical non-response. We find that treatment discontinuation compared to following a consistent treatment pattern results in a 21% and 36% relative increase in the risk of being charged or convicted by age 18, respectively, after controlling for a wide range of covariates. The findings stand up to a series of sensitive tests, negative control analyses, and bounding exercises. In total, we find a crime-reducing effect of treatment for those who qualify for and respond medically to ADHD treatment. Medical treatment not only addresses core ADHD symptoms, but also can play a substantial role in mitigating the increased risk of criminal offending associated with ADHD, thereby lessening social inequality in individual life chances caused by the disorder.
Editorial Vol.4(1-2)
Authors: Paudel Pitambar
Published: January 2022

Not available
Digital Literacy and Communicative Competence in the New Normal Education
Authors: Sapkota NarayanPrasad
Published: January 2022

The COVID -19 pandemic has pushed the education to alternative mode. The New Normal characterized by heavy reliance on technology has been experienced and widely advocated in education. This paper draws on an autoethnographic records which the author collected after the mass initiation of online education in June 2020 until May 2021 to reveal the importance of digital literacy and communicative competence in alternative mode of education in Nepal. The results of study indicate that digital literacy which involves the ability to locate and consume digital content, creating digital content, and communicating digital content needs to be developed further by the primary stakeholders of education. In addition, the study also reveals that the scope of communicative competence increases in alternative mode of education.
The Paradigmatic Shift of Knowledge in the Mundaka Upanishad
Authors: Bhandari SabindraRaj
Published: January 2022

This article explores the dynamics of the esoteric (para) and exoteric (apara) knowledge that the Mundaka Upanishad proclaims in its mantras. The domain of Vedic knowledge is exoteric, and the Vedic sacrificial rituals are always for earthly glories and satisfactions. Therefore, their main quests always remain for the external manifestations. Unlike this, the Vedanta refers to the philosophical part of Veda. It mainly concerns for cosmic speculations, and aims to realize the transcendental ultimate reality. In this way, the Upanishads which form one of the tripartite pillars of Vedanta postulates that the absolute reality pervades within us and outside in the real world. Their speculations are to realize the ultimate reality that rules the entire cosmic manifestations. Therefore, the Upanishadic knowledge is esoteric (para vidhya). This great dichotomy between the exoteric and esoteric makes a clear shift of knowledge from the Vedic outwardness to Vedantic inwardness. In this context, it is the Mundaka Upanishad that is the pioneer to make a canonical shift of knowledge from Vedic apara to the Vedanta’s para. This article makes an exploratory and descriptive analysis of the theories and ideas developed in the Mundaka Upanishad that reveal how it makes a clear canonical shift of knowledge from the Veda to Vedanta. It equally sheds light on the implications of the theories and ideas of para and apara knowledge in teaching and modern pedagogy.
English Teachers’ Perceptions on Inquiry Based Teaching
Authors: Pokhrel PremRaj
Published: January 2022

This study explores the perceptions of secondary level English teachers on inquiry based teaching. I used phenomenological approach for this study and semi-structured interview was used for data collection which enabled me in capturing the perceptions of purposefully selected participants. The participants were four secondary level English teachers of Rupandehi district. Moreover, this study was based on socio-constructivism theory of Vygotsky. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis approach. The findings of this study revealed that secondary level English teachers had good perceptions towards using inquiry-based teaching as it enhanced students’ classroom engagement and fostered an effective and meaningful learning experience. The study pointed out a number of opportunities in using inquiry based teaching such as active participation of students, developing discovery skills, the development of critical ability, creativity, problem solving ability, reasoning skills, learners’ autonomy, etc.The findings also indicated that problem in handling technology, lack of motivation and transformation, assessment issues were the challenges while implementing inquiry based instruction in the classroom. The study is expected to have a great significance in improving the 21st century language pedagogy using inquiry based tasks or problems.
Language in Education Policy in Local Governments: A Case of Rupandehi District
Authors: Panthee Dinesh
Published: January 2022

This paper analyses the position of languages in local education policy. The objectives of this paper were to explore the language in education policies in the local government of Nepal and to find the policymakers’ perception toward language in education policy in the local governments of Nepal. I prepared this paper in two ways; by reviewing the secondary documents in which I have gone through the relevant documents of language in the education policy of Nepal historically. It was a case study research design. For primary resources, I selected two local governments of the Rupandehi district as cases and reviewed their policies. For this study, I selected two policymakers of selected local governments of Rupandehi purposively who have been working in the area of local policy-making activity. I performed a depth interview with unstructured interviews based on the education and language policies they had prepared before. The findings of this study revealed that there was a gap between the policy and practice in relation to language in the education policy of local governments. Policies were formulated according to the spirit of the constitution of Nepal respecting all languages but there were lapses in practices focusing on English and Nepali Language. It was also found that policymakers were proactive to promote the local languages but negligence by the user and the policymakers were aware of addressing the linguistic diversity of their municipalities in education policy.
Calculating the Sample Size in Quantitative Studies
Authors: Adhikari Ganesh Prasad
Published: January 2022

The determination of the required sample size is always an important step during the planning of the quality of research for a quantitative study. The researchers need to have sound prerequisite knowledge of the inferential statistics concept for determining a minimum sample size requirement and its estimation because an insufficient sample size may not be able to answer the research questions and a large sample is wastage of resources, may add to the complexity, and take more time for the study. Both situations are ethically unacceptable for the researchers. Therefore, this study provides researchers with appropriate sample size determination methods for quantitative study. The Google Scholar, PubMed, and Library Genesis were used to find out the required information for the review of this paper. This study presents the sample size calculation formula in a simplified manner with relevant examples so that researchers may effectively use them in their research.
COVID-19 Infodemic: Media Ethics and the Challenges of Fake News
Authors: Hamdani Sidi Sidi Mohamed , Housseine Bachiri
Published: January 2022

This study investigated one of the main ethical challenges regarding the legitimate role of media in maintaining professional standards and ethics during the COVID-19 outbreak, with a focus on the case of Moroccan media. It principally deals with the conundrum of fake news spread in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic. In fact, it is apparent that there seems to be hardly an area left untouched by fake news regarding pandemic propagation. One should know that more attention has been drawn to the vulnerability of democratic societies to fake news and the ethical challenges brought by the pandemic to people across the globe.
Mother Tongue Based Multilingual Education in Nepal
Authors: Dhakal Basanta Raj
Published: January 2022

Nepal is a multilingual country consisting of 123 languages as reported by the census 2011 (CBS, 2012). Linguistically, all languages are equal. However, there are ideological differences among scholars and stakeholders of language. Critical theorists see language as a tool of dominating the minorities whereas utilitarians see language as a path from local to global world. From ethnic perspective, language is an identity and for politicians and activists, it is a means to activate people and a matter of ideology. For pedagogues, language of instruction has always been a dilemma and a sensitive issue. In this context, this review paper analyses the existing language policy of using mother tongue based multilingual education in Nepal, is just the continuation of assimilationist ideology in disguise and proposes language co-existence approach with a choice in language of instruction in policy and practice as a solution to maintain linguistic identity of ethnic groups. Furthermore, translanguaging can be used as a pedagogical solution in multilingual classrooms.
System Dynamics of School Classroom Dynamism: A Complexity Understanding
Authors: Chongbang Karna Bahadur
Published: January 2022

Classroom is a formal systemic unit integrating with conscious teacher and student activities. The rational of this paper was to present the complexity understanding as an alternative to linear systemic view to classroom context. The objective of this paper was to explore the nature of classroom dynamism under the complex system dynamics. Methodologically, it is based on the comprehensive literature review. It has discussed the influential dynamics which make classroom human subjects act, interact, and change their behaviour. It has explored the micro to macro systems that influence the didactic interaction system of teacher and student. It has analysed the interplay of the proximal and distal systemic dynamics which are to be regarded as inherent forces from complexity paradigm of a study. The core idea flowing in the paper is making meaning of the dynamism and dynamics of classroom interaction that obviously occurs in complex systemic context. It implies to accommodate complexity responding classroom research methodologies and pedagogical approaches that are expected to function in a compatible manner.
Difficulties Experienced by Undergraduate Students in Proving Theorems of Real Analysis
Authors: Chand Harsh Bahadur
Published: January 2022

Developing proofs is a very important task of undergraduate mathematics students. However, proving theorems in real analysis is a challenging task for many undergraduate students. In this context, this research was conducted to explore difficulties experienced by undergraduate students in proving theorems of real analysis. Narrative research design under the interpretive research paradigm was used for the study. Three students (higher achiever, average achiever, and below-average achiever) were selected purposively from the sixth semester of B.Ed. programme of the central campus of Far West University. Radical constructivism was selected as the theoretical basis of the study. Interview guideline was prepared as a research tool and interviews of participants were taken based on the guideline. For the analysis and interpretation, interview data were transcribed, coded and then themes were generated. Four themes were constructed that are inability to link statements logically, lack of skill of applying definitions/theorems, lack of skill of selecting an appropriate path of proving, and inability to grasp language/symbols and lengthy proof. The conclusion is that students can have the above types of difficulties in understanding/constructing proof of theorems but the type and extents of the difficulty experienced by learners depend upon the context and ability of learners. This study indicates that beliefs and practices guided by modernism is one of the reasons behind the difficulties in proof construction. The findings of this study would help teachers to select the appropriate pedagogical approach of teaching proofs and students to understand/construct proofs of Real Analysis.
Demonetisation in India and its Effect in Nepal
Authors: Gautam Nabaraj , Saud Ramesh Kumar , Bhandari Lokraj
Published: January 2022

Demonetisation of Indian Currency of Rs 500 and Rs 1000 notes was taken as an important tool to fight against crime, tax evasion, corruption and other activities held in underground economy in India. Demonetisation in India directly affected the Nepali economy as India is the largest trading partner with common cultural relationship and open-border. The objective of the study was to examine the effect of recent demonetisation (November. 8, 2016) of India to Nepal. The study used the systematic review to find the effect of Indian demonetisation to the Nepali economy. The study found that it has paved the way for digital payments and supported the process of financial inclusion. The overall transformation in the economy translates into long-term benefit for the industry in India. But, the informal firms faced the liquidity crunch to pay their suppliers and workers without the standard access to cash in India. However, business sector and general people of Nepal are hard hit by the demonetisation because India is not making adjustments to take back demonetised IRs 500 and IRs 1000 notes estimated to be over Rs. 100 million, more than it the Indian policy departure has direct effect in Nepal. The demonetisation policy has created negative effect in Nepal to the greater extent from migrant labours to big business houses.
‘चिसो एष्ट्रे’ कवितामा ध्वनि सौन्दर्य र ध्वन्यार्थको पहिचान {The identity of sound beauty and semantics in the poem 'Chiso Ashtray'}
Authors: रेग्मी Regmi कमला Kamala
Published: January 2022

प्रस्तुत अध्ययन कवि भूपी शेरचनद्वारा रचित ‘चिसो एष्ट्रे’ गद्य लघु–कविताभित्र प्रयुक्त ध्वनि सौन्दर्यको पहिचान रविश्लेषणमा केन्द्रित छ । एउटै पङ्क्तिको ४५ शब्दमा रचित यस कविताभित्रको त्रिकोणात्मक घटनालाई आनन्दवर्धनकोध्वनि सिद्धान्तका आधारमा केलाउनु नै यस अध्ययनको मूल उद्देश्य रहेको छ । पूर्वीय साहित्य सिद्धान्तमा आधारित भएरयो अध्ययनलाई वाच्यार्थ र व्यङ्ग्यार्थको कोणबाट विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । कवितामा प्रयुक्त भनाइको गाम्भीर्यता र ध्वनिकोसुगठनलाई उक्तिवैचित्यका आधारमा अध्ययनको केन्द्रविन्दु बनाइएको छ । ग्रामीण समाजका निम्नमध्यम वर्गले ठुलोभनिएको सहर काठमाडौँमा आएर जीवन सुधार्ने सपना देख्नु, तिनले अनेकन सङ्घर्ष गरे पनि हन्डर खाइरहनु तथा टुटेकोठुटे लक्ष्य बोकेर घर फर्कनु पर्दाको विसङ्गतिलाई यस अध्ययनमा ध्वनि सौन्दर्यको व्यङ्ग्यार्थ भावका आधारमा केलाइएकोछ । यसमा शब्द सौन्दर्य र अर्थगत आधारलाई विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यो लेख गुणात्मक अध्ययन विधिमा आधारित छ ।पुस्तकालयीय सन्दर्भ सामग्रीको उपयोगद्वारा सम्पन्न गरिएको यस लेखमा विशेष गरेर ध्वनि सौन्दर्यको पहिचानलाई मूलआधार बनाइएको छ । समग्रतः यस कवितामा बिम्बात्मक भाव, विसङ्गतिबोधको चित्र र सबाल्टर्न वर्गको दीनताभित्रसजिएको ध्वनि सौन्दर्यचेत ध्वनित रहेको पाइएको छ । {The present study focuses on the analysis of the sound beauty used in the prose short poem 'Chiso Ashtre' written by the poet Bhupi Sherchan. The main objective of this study is to examine the triangular phenomenon in this poem composed in 45 words of the same line on the basis of Anandavardhanako dhwani principle. Based on Eastern literary theory, the study is analyzed from the angle of semantics and satire. The seriousness of the utterances used in the poems and the composition of the sounds have been made the focal point of the study on the basis of idioms. The study examines the anomalies of the lower middle class of rural society dreaming of a better life in Kathmandu, eating hunder despite many struggles and returning home with broken goals based on the irony of sound beauty. It analyzes the word beauty and semantic basis. This article is based on a qualitative study method. This article, conducted using library reference materials, focuses on the identification of sound beauty in particular. Overall, this poem is found to have an aesthetic sense, a picture of a sense of anomaly, and an aesthetic sound embedded in the humility of the subaltern class.}
नेपालमा मातृभाषामा शिक्षाको विद्यमान व्यवस्था र कार्यान्वयनको चुनौती {Challenges to the existing system and implementation of mother tongue education in Nepal}
Authors: बम Bam सुरेन्द्र कुमार Surendra Kumar
Published: January 2022

भाषिक विविधता नेपालको मुख्य विशेषता हो । भाषिक विविधतालाई सम्बोधन गर्नका लागि मातृभाषामा शिक्षाकोव्यवस्थालाई संवैधानिक तथा नीतिगत रूपमा सुनिश्चित गरिएको छ । यसका लागि नेपालले विभिन्न अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सन्धि,सम्झौता तथा समझदारी पत्रमा हस्ताक्षर गर्नुका साथै संविधान, ऐन, नियम, पाठ्यक्रम, शैक्षिक योजना तथा कार्यक्रममामातृभाषामा शिक्षाको व्यवस्था गरेको छ तर यस्तो व्यवस्था प्रभावकारी रूपमा कार्यान्वयन हुन सकेको छैन । विगतकोलामो एकभाषिक नीतिको प्रभाव र बहुभाषिक शिक्षाको व्यवहारिक अनुभवको अभावले बहुभाषिकता सम्बोधनमा विभिन्नचुनौतीहरू देखिएका छन् । नेपालको समग्र बहुभाषिकताको भाषिक सर्वेक्षण तथा विश्लेषण नहुनु, अभिभावकहरूमामातृभाषाप्रति अनास्था र अंग्रेजी तथा नेपाली भाषाको मोह हुनु, दक्ष एवम् तालिम प्राप्त जनशक्तिको अभाव, एउटै कक्षामाबहुभाषिक विद्यार्थी हुनु, स्तरीय पाठ्यसामग्रीको अभाव, अधिकांश भाषाको लेख्य रूप नहुनु, लेख्य रूप भएका भाषाको पनिमानक चयनमा समस्या हुनु, लिपिगत समस्या हुनु, आवश्यक पूर्वाधारको कमी तथा सरोकारवाला निकायबिच समन्वयकोअभावजस्ता विभिन्न पक्षहरू मातृभाषामा शिक्षाका लागि चुनौतीका रूपमा रहेको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेखमातृभाषामा शिक्षाको विद्यमान व्यवस्था र चुनौतीमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान अन्तर्गत दस्तावेज विश्लेषणढाँचामा आधारित यस लेखमा पुस्तकालयीय अध्ययनबाट सामग्री सङ्कलन गरी व्याख्या विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । {Linguistic diversity is the main feature of Nepal. In order to address linguistic diversity, education in the mother tongue has been constitutionally and politically ensured. For this, Nepal has signed various international treaties, agreements and memoranda of understanding and has made provision for education in mother tongue in constitutions, acts, rules, curricula, educational plans and programs but such arrangements have not been implemented effectively. The impact of the monolingual policy of the past and the lack of practical experience in multilingual education have posed various challenges in addressing multilingualism. Lack of linguistic survey and analysis of overall multilingualism of Nepal, distrust of parents towards mother tongue and love of English and Nepali language, lack of skilled and trained manpower, multilingual students in the same class, lack of standard textbooks, It has been concluded that various aspects such as lack of written form of most of the languages, problems in standard selection of written language, script problems, lack of necessary infrastructure and lack of coordination among the concerned bodies are the challenges for mother tongue education. The present article focuses on the existing system and challenges of education in mother tongue. Based on the document analysis framework under qualitative research, this article analyzes and analyzes material collected from library studies.}
Monginbalu Konbulan: Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisi Mandi Puasa secara Massal dalam Masyarakat Muslim Bolaang Mongondow
Authors: Abdul Moh. Rivaldi
Published: January 2022

This article examines the Monginbalu Konbulan tradition, which is one of the Islamic traditions of the Bolaang Mongondow Muslim community. This tradition has long been carried out as part of welcoming the month of Ramadan. Historical, anthropological, and sociological approaches are used to understand the practice of Monginbalu Konbulan, and explore its history and values. This article shows that the Monginbalu Konbulan is a mass fasting bath tradition carried out by the Muslim community of Bolaang Mongondow on the last afternoon of the month of Shaban. The mass bathing procession was led by a jiow who would splash water on people. This has been going on for a long time, and the birth of the mass fasting bath tradition is the answer to the needs of the Bolaang Mongondow Muslim community who want to carry out the Ramadan fasting bath. In addition, the implementation of the Monginbalu Konbulan tradition is also full of value, thus making it urgent to be preserved as a peculiarity of the Nusantara Islamic tradition in the Bolaang Mongondow Muslim community.
Keywords: Welcoming Ramadan, Bathing Together, Bolaang Mongondow Tradition, Nusantara Islamic Tradition
 
Artikel ini mengkaji tradisi Monginbalu Konbulan yang merupakan salah satu tradisi Islam masyarakat muslim Bolaang Mongon­dow. Tradisi ter­sebut sudah lama dilakukan sebagai bagian menyambut bulan Ramadan. Pendekatan sejarah, antropologi, dan sosiologi digunakan untuk memahami praktik Mongin­balu Konbulan, dan menggali sejarah serta nilai-nilainya. Artikel ini menun­jukkan bahwa Monginbalu Konbulan merupakan tradisi mandi puasa secara massal yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat muslim Bolaang Mongondow di sore terakhir bulan Syaban. Prosesi mandi massal dipimpin oleh seorang jiow yang akan menyiramkan air ke orang-orang. Hal ini sudah ber­langsung sejak lama, dan lahirnya tradisi mandi puasa secara massal merupakan jawaban dari kebutuhan masyarakat muslim Bolaang Mongon­dow yang ingin melaksanakan mandi puasa Ramadan. Selain itu, pelak­sanaan tradisi Monginbalu Konbulan juga sarat nilai, sehingga mem­buat­nya urgen untuk dilestarikan sebagai kekhasan tradisi Islam Nusantara dalam masyarakat muslim Bolaang Mongondow.
Kata Kunci: Menyambut Ramadan, Mandi Bersama, Tradisi Bolaang Mongondow, Tradisi Islam Nusantara
Moderasi Beragama dalam Kitab Tasawuf Al-Muntakhabāt karya KH. Ahmad Asrori Al-Ishaqi
Authors: Muhtar Muhammad Zakki
Published: January 2022

This paper aims to reveal the moderate attitude in the tarekat. Tarekat as practitioners of Sufism are considered a less tolerant group in carrying out religious behavior in society. This paper attempts to see the moderate and tolerant understanding in the book Al-Munta¬khabāt, which contains the teachings of philosophical, moral, and practice Sufism written by KH. Ahmad Asrori Al-Ishaqi in the early 21st century. Through a qualitative study with an intellectual social history approach and hermeneutics, this paper proves that the book is specifically a guide for tarekat practitioners. In addition, KH. Ahmad Asrori Al-Ishaqi as an author has contributed significantly in bringing the message of religious moderation to life in Indonesia, which can be seen in some of his important ideas in Al-Muntakhabāt. Besides using Arabic fusha, KH. Ahmad Asrori Al-Ishaqi also presented material on philosophical, moral and practice Sufism with Sufism scientific networks in Indonesia. Some of these ideas display the characteristics of Islam which are moderate (wasaṭiyyah), balanced (tawāzun) and tolerant (tasāmuḥ). This is important to be actualized in order to reaffirm the nature and moderate attitude in religion, both individuals and organizations, with the aim of eliminating radical Islamic thoughts that are not in accordance with the nation's ideology.
Keywords: Al-Muntakhabāt, KH. Ahmad Asrori Al-Ishaqi, Religious Moderation and TQN Al-Usmaniyah.
 
Tulisan ini bertujuan mengungkapkan sikap moderat dalam tarekat. Tarekat sebagai pengamal tasawuf dianggap sebagai kelompok kurang toleran dalam men­jalankan laku beragama di masyarakat. Tulisan ini ber­upaya melihat pemahaman moderat dan toleran dalam kitab Al-Munta­khabāt, yang berisi ajaran tasawuf falsafi, akhlaki, dan amali yang dikarang oleh KH. Ahmad Asrori Al-Ishaqi pada awal abad ke-21. Melalui kajian kualitatif dengan pendekatan sejarah sosial intelektual dan hermeneutika, tulisan ini membuktikan bahwa kitab tersebut secara khusus merupa­kan pedoman para pengamal tarekat. Selain itu, KH. Ahmad Asrori Al-Ishaqi sebagai pengarang telah ber­kontribusi signi­fi­kan dalam menghidupkan pesan moderasi beragama di Indonesia, di antaranya terlihat dalam beberapa gagasan penting pemikiran­nya dalam Al-Muntakhabāt. Selain menggunakan bahasa Arab fusha, KH. Ahmad Asrori Al-Ishaqi juga menyajikan materi tasawuf falsafi, akhlaki dan amali dengan jejaring keilmuan tasawuf di Indonesia.  Beberapa gagasan tersebut menampilkan karakteristik Islam yang moderat (wasaṭiyyah), seimbang (tawāzun) dan toleran (tasāmuḥ). Hal ini penting untuk diaktualisasikan demi meneguh­kan kembali sifat dan sikap moderat dalam beragama, baik perseorangan maupun perkumpulan organisasi, dengan tujuan menghilangkan pemikiran Islam radikal yang tidak sesuai dengan ideologi bangsa.
Kata kunci: Al-Muntakhabāt, KH. Ahmad Asrori Al-Ishaqi, Moderasi Beragama dan TQN Al-Usmaniyah.
ST. FRANSISKUS XAVERIUS: MISIONARIS, TELADAN IMAN DAN GURU BAGI MASYARAKAT KATOLIK
Authors: Sihombing Adison Adrianus , Pinem Masmedia
Published: January 2022

Every society has a role model, because folklore is always related to a particular society. This study aims to elaborate and actualize the religious values ​​that have been exemplified by St. Fransiskus Xavier in Maluku religious folklore. This study is based on qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The process of data analysis was carried out with data collection, data display, data reduction, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the example of faith and personal qualities of St. Francis Xavier as a missionary who laid the foundations of Christianity in Maluku was very meaningful for the people of Maluku because it had changed their lives to know and believe in God. Therefore, this story is passed down from generation to generation so that it continues to be present in the public's memory. This folklore teaches the noble values ​​that have been exemplified by Francis, namely being religious, generous, simple, hardworking and faithful in faith. His life example gives a message that people who live close to God will be a blessing to others.
Keywords: Religion, Fransiskus Xaverius, Missionary, Maluku.
 
Setiap masyarakat memiliki panutan/tokoh, karena cerita rakyat selalu berkaitan tentang masyarakat tertentu. Studi ini bertujuan mengelaborasi dan mengaktualisasikan nilai-nilai religius yang telah diteladankan oleh St. Fransiskus Xaverius dalam folklor religi Maluku. Studi ini didasarkan pada penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Proses analisis data dilakukan dengan data collection, data display, data reduction, dan conclusion drawing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teladan iman dan kualitas pribadi St. Fransiskus Xaverius sebagai seorang misionaris peletak dasar kekristenan di Maluku sangat bermakna bagi masyarakat Maluku karena telah mengubah hidup mereka menjadi mengenal dan beriman kepada Allah. Oleh karena itu cerita ini diwariskan secara turun temurun sehingga terus hadir dalam ingatan publik. Folklor ini mengajarkan nilai-nilai luhur yang telah diteladankan oleh Fransiskus, yakni religius, murah hati, sederhana, kerja keras dan setia dalam iman. Teladan hidupnya memberi pesan bahwa orang yang hidup dekat dengan Tuhan, akan menjadi berkat bagi orang lain.
Kata kunci: Religi, Fransiskus Xaverius, Misionaris, Maluku.
KISAH NABI ADAM DI DALAM NASKAH INCUNG INI ASAN PULUNG DARI KERINCI
Authors: Sunliensyar Hafiful Hadi
Published: January 2022

The religious manuscripts found in Kerinci were written using Jawi script (Arab-Melayu) generally. However, the Incung manuscript that was found as the sacred heirloom collection of Depati Anum Muncak Alam from Dusun Sungai Tutung, indicated something different. This Incung manus­cript is a religious manuscript that narrates the Adam prophet’s story. This Incung manuscript is titled Ini Asan Pulung with code EAP117-44-1-6. The problem in this study is how the narration of Adam prophet's story in the Incung manuscript Ini Asan Pulung? The purpose of this study is to understand the narration of Adam prophet's story from the perspective of Kerinci society in past. This study utilized the qualitative method and philological approach. Meanwhile, the text of the manuscript is analyzed using the intertextual approach. The result of this study is known that the story of Adam in the manuscript contains a different narration and plot from other manuscripts. The writer of the manuscript was re-compiled  Adam’s story from various religious references and added local cultural elements in his story.
Keywords: Adam’s Story, the Incung  Script, Kerinci, Old Manuscript.
 
Naskah-naskah keagamaan yang ditemukan di Kerinci, umumnya ditulis menggunakan aksara Jawi (Arab-Melayu). Namun, temuan naskah Incung yang menjadi koleksi pusaka Depati Anum Puncak Alam dari Dusun Sungai Tutung mengindikasikan  sesuatu yang berbeda. Naskah tersebut merupakan naskah keagamaan yang berisi kisah nabi Adam. Naskah Incung ini berjudul Ini Asan Pulung dengan kode EAP117-44-1-6. Perma­salahan di dalam kajian ini adalah bagaimana narasi kisah penciptaan Adam di dalam naskah Incung Ini Asan Pulung? Tujuannya adalah untuk memahami narasi kisah Adam menurut pandangan masyarakat Kerinci di masa lalu. Metode yang digunakan di dalam kajian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan filologi. Tahapannya adalah, inventarisasi, deskripsi, transliterasi dan penerjemahan. Sementara itu, teks naskah ini juga ditelaah menggunakan pendekatan intertekstualitas untuk mengetahui unsur-unsur teks lain yang memengaruhi narasi teks. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kisah Adam di dalam naskah Incung memiliki narasi dan alur yang berbeda dengan kisah Adam di dalam naskah-naskah lain. Penulis naskah menyusun kembali cerita nabi Adam dari berbagai sumber lain yang ia ketahui seperti Hikayat Nur Muhammad, Hikayat Nabi Adam dan Qishash al-Anbiya. Penulis naskah juga menambahkan unsur-unsur lokal di dalam kisah Adam yang disusunnya.
Kata kunci: Kerinci, Kisah Adam, Naskah Kuno, Surat Incung.
PENGUATAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER HINDU DALAM YOGA UNTUK SISYA PASRAMAN AMERTA SANJIWANI
Authors: Gunada I Wayan Agus , Pramana Ida Bagus Kade Yoga , Rudiarta I Wayan
Published: January 2022

Abstract

The purpose of writing the results of this study is to describe the results of yoga training activities in pasraman sisya and practising skills to strengthen the understanding of the essence of Hindu educational values. This research is qualitative with a case study approach to community service activities. The data collection techniques use participants' observation models, interviews and documentation studies, which are analyzed using data triangulate techniques. Based on the results of the data analysis, it was found that sisya was very enthusiastic about studying yoga movements given by the trainers. Besides that, in the process and concept, yoga teachings contain character values.  One of them is the religious character and discipline reflected in the moral teachings of the rich tri parisudha, the concept of parhyangan, the teachings of panca Yama brata and panca nyama brata. Community service activities with yoga training and writing the results of this research are expected to provide benefits in the form of resource development of Hindus who have character and can be a reference library for relevant activities in the future.

Keywords: Hinduism, Character, Pasraman, Yoga
Pelatihan Penggunaan Market Place sebagai Media Pemasaran Online di Paguyuban Tanaman Hias Desa Ciberem untuk Memperluas Pemasaran di Era Pandemi
Authors: Mustofa Dinar , Nurfaizal Yusmedi , Innolda Dola , Al Azhar Nadilla
Published: January 2022

Masa pandemi yang disebabkan oleh Covid 19 saat ini merupakan masalah yang sangat berat yang dihadapi oleh para pelaku bisnis. Hampir semua lapisan masyarakat terkena dampaknya hingga sangat mempengaruhi kondisi ekonomi semua orang. Para pelaku bisnis tanaman hias di wilayah desa ciberem kabupaten Banyumas mengalami penurunan omset hingga 90% karena keterbatasan tempat penjualan. Solusi untuk saat ini adalah memperluas pemasaran yang mengurangi kontak langsung dan menghindari keramaian. Penjualan melalui market place merupakan terobosan yang dirasa tepat untuk mendongkrak penjualan tanaman hias. Dengan memanfaatkan market place, para pengusaha tanaman hias dapat memasarkan produk tanaman hias tidak hanya di dalam area banyumas saja, tetapi bisa memperluas mangsa pasar ke seluruh indonesia, bahkan luar negeri. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan untuk memberikan pembelajaran dan keterampilan kepada paguyuban tanaman hias di desa ciberem tentang pemanfaatan media market place sebagai sarana untuk penjualan dan promosi yang efektif dan efisien untuk bertahan di era pandemi. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian di desa ciberem ini adalah pengumpulan data dan pendekatan persuasif edukatif yang mana nantinya akan dilanjutkan dengan mempraktekan langsung hasil dari pelatihan. Harapannya kegiatan ini dapat membantu para pelaku bisnis tanaman hias untuk membuat toko online di beberapa marketplace sehingga penjualan tanaman hias dapat meningkat dan memperluas area pemasaran tanpa mengeluarkan budget lebih untuk biaya promosi.
Peningkatan Kualitas Guru dengan Pelatihan Google Classroom sebagai Media Alternatif School From Home pada SMK Puspita Persada Jakarta Selatan
Authors: Pudoli Ahmad , Hardjianto Mardi , Setiono Devit
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 is causing major changes in community activities today. Starting from trade, economy, jobs as well as in the world of education. Schools must participate in preventing the spread of the COVID-19 virus by changing teaching patterns in accordance with the instructions of the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia, where teaching and learning activities are carried out from home. Puspita Persada Vocational High School participated in the success of the government program by changing the teaching pattern from home. However, because this instruction was given quickly, SMK Puspita persada has not prepared technically thoroughly in teaching and learning. Currently the teaching method is done using WhatsApp Group and email. Of course, this method still needs to be developed so that the delivery of teaching materials is more perfect. The purpose of this activity is to provide training using Google's facility, Google ClassRoom, to improve the ability of teachers to deliver and deliver materials to the maximum and based on better technology. The method that will be done in this activity is face-to-face training (if possible) but still apply physical distancing in the presentation of the material. This method will be adjusted at the time of implementation in accordance with existing conditions. Based on Abdimas activities, it can be concluded that google classroom training provides tremendous benefits for teachers. Teachers are very enthusiastic and interested in using google classroom, teachers know applications that can be used as a learning medium, teachers can be easier to manage classes, save time, and give examples to students to maintain the environment by reducing paper use.