bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Cascade Oxa‐Michael—Michael Reactions of 2‐Hydroxynitrostyrenes with Enones Using a Prolinol Thioether Catalyst.
Authors: Xia Ai‐Bao , Wu Chao , Wang Tao , Zhang Yan‐Peng , Du Xiao‐Hua , Zhong Ai‐Guo , Xu Dan‐Qian , Xu Zhen‐Yuan
Published: October 2014

The reaction allows the formation of xanthenones and chromans with three contiguous stereocenters with high to excellent enantioselectivity and moderate to mostly excellent diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Organocatalytic Synthesis of 4,6‐Bis(1H‐indole‐3‐yl)‐piperidine‐2‐carboxylates.
Authors: Zhong Sabilla , Nieger Martin , Bihlmeier Angela , Shi Min , Braese Stefan
Published: October 2014

Only 3‐vinylindoles afford the products (III) and (V), whereas the reaction of 2‐vinylindole gives the amino acid derivative (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)‐Modulated Pd/Cu Cocatalyzed Three‐Component Synthesis of 2,6‐Diarylquinolines.
Authors: Xu Chen , Li Hong‐Mei , Yuan Xiao‐Er , Xiao Zhi‐Qiang , Wang Zhi‐Qiang , Fu Wei‐Jun , Ji Bao‐Ming , Hao Xin‐Qi , Song Mao‐Ping
Published: October 2014

The multicomponent reaction of aminobenzyl alcohols, acetophenones, and arylboronic acids provides access to a variety of 2,6‐diarylquinolines as versatile ligands of photoactive complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Isoquinolines via Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of Picolinamides with Alkynes.
Authors: Qian Zhen‐Chao , Zhou Jun , Li Bo , Shi Bing‐Feng
Published: October 2014

The desired isoquinolines are synthesized under [RhCl2(C5Me5)] 2/AgSbF6 catalytic system using Cu(OAc)2 as an oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Phosphoric Acid‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Three‐ Component Aza‐Diels—Alder Reactions of Aminopyrroles and Aminopyrazoles.
Authors: Brioche Julien , Courant Thibaut , Alcaraz Lilian , Stocks Michael , Furber Mark , Zhu Jieping , Masson Geraldine
Published: October 2014

The developed Povarov reaction proceeds with high enantioselectivity and high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Allylic Dearomatization/Migration Reaction of Indoles and Pyrroles.
Authors: Yang Ze‐Peng , Zhuo Chun‐Xiang , You Shu‐Li
Published: October 2014

The reaction proceeds via intermediate spirocyclic compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Access to Poly‐Substituted 11H‐Pyrido[3,2‐a]carbazoles, a DNA‐Intercalating Ellipticine Related Structure, and Their Antiproliferative Activity.
Authors: Inokuchi Tsutomu , et al. et al.
Published: October 2014

A facile access to polysubstituted pyridocarbazole derivatives is described using Fischer indole cyclization on 5‐oxo‐tetrahydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylate (I) followed by aromatization.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Semiconductor Molecules with Nonaromatic Core of 1,4‐Dithiin.
Authors: Ito Hiroki , Watanabe Daichi , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Tsushima Noboru , Muraoka Hiroki , Ogawa Satoshi
Published: October 2014

The syntheses of the starting materials (I) and (IV) are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Lewis Base Dependent Addition Reactions of Allenoates with Trifluoromethylated Cyclic Ketimines.
Authors: Yang Li‐Jun , Li Shen , Wang Shuai , Nie Jing , Ma Jun‐An
Published: October 2014

The synthesis of different N‐heterocyclic compounds from cyclic ketimines is presented by variation of the employed catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization of N‐Propargyl‐Adenine: Synthesis of Purine‐Fused Tricyclics.
Authors: Li Ren‐Long , Liang Lei , Xie Ming‐Sheng , Qu Gui‐Rong , Niu Hong‐Ying , Guo Hai‐Ming
Published: October 2014

A broad scope of different functionalized purine‐fused compounds is obtained in high yields by the presented process.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Chlorocyclization of Indole‐3‐yl‐benzamides for the Construction of Fused Indolines.
Authors: Yin Qin , You Shu‐Li
Published: October 2014

The optimized conditions allow the chlorocyclization of indole substrates (I) and (III) to give indoline derivatives in good yields with excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: An Investigation of the Scope of the 1,7‐Electrocyclization of α,β:γ,δ‐Conjugated Azomethine Ylides.
Authors: Zhang Weimin , Ning Fuqiang , Varadi Linda , Hibbs David E. , Platts James A. , Nyerges Miklos , Anderson Rosaleen J. , Groundwater Paul W.
Published: October 2014

The periselectivity of cyclization of in situ formed azomethine ylides from aldehydes and sarcosine is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of New Styryl‐π‐Conjugate Organosilicon Compounds.
Authors: Majchrzak Mariusz , Hybsz Milena , Kostera Sylwia , Kubicki Maciej , Marciniec Bogdan
Published: October 2014

Silylative coupling of distyrylarenes with vinyltrimethylsilane provides new E,E‐bis(silyl)arenes with excellent selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Unified Strategy for the Synthesis of (‐)‐Maoecrystal Z, (‐)‐Trichorabdal A, and (‐)‐Longikaurin E.
Authors: Yeoman John T.S. , Cha Jacob Y. , Mak Victor W. , Reisman Sarah E.
Published: October 2014

The first total syntheses of three ent‐kauranoid natural products, (‐)‐maoecrystal Z (I), (‐)‐trichorabdal A (II), and (‐)‐longikaurin E (III), are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Daphnane‐Type Diterpenoid Glucosides and Further Constituents of Euphorbia pilosa.
Authors: Zhang Xu‐Dong , Ni Wei , Yan Huan , Li Gen‐Tao , Zhong Hui‐Min , Li Yan , Liu Hai‐Yang
Published: October 2014

isolation, structure and in vitro cytotoxicities of two new daphnane‐diterpenoid glucosides, euphopilosides A (I) and B (II), and a new ent‐abietane, euphopilolide (III) along with eight known compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Triterpene Saponins from the Roots of Ilex asprella.
Authors: Lei Yu , Shi She‐Po , Song Yue‐Lin , Bi Dan , Tu Peng‐Fei
Published: October 2014

Six new triterpene saponins, ilexasprellanoside A (I) and ilexasprellanosides B‐F (II) are isolated along with eleven known compounds from the roots of Ilex asprella.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Benzylation of Diols and Polyols by Catalytic Amounts of an Organotin Reagent.
Authors: Xu Hengfu , Lu Yuchao , Zhou Yixuan , Ren Bo , Pei Yuxin , Dong Hai , Pei Zhichao
Published: October 2014

The methodology fails with substrates lacking a cis‐vicinal diol moiety due to formation of regioisomeric benzylation products.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Phenylpropanoids from the Roots of Piper taiwanense and Their Inhibitory Activities on Platelet Aggregation and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Authors: Chen Si , Cheng Ming‐Jen , Wu Chin‐Chung , Peng Chien‐Fang , Huang Hung‐Yi , Chang Hsun‐Shuo , Wang Chyi‐Jia , Chen Ih‐Sheng
Published: October 2014

Two new phenylpropanoids, taiwanensols A (Ia) and B (Ib), and the natural product, taiwanensol C (II) are isolated along with one known compound as two isomer mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Tyrosine‐Derived Cytochalasins from Fungus Eutypella sp. D‐1.
Authors: Liu Jing‐Tang , Hu Bo , Gao Yun , Zhang Jian‐Peng , Jiao Bing‐Hua , Lu Xiao‐Ling , Liu Xiao‐Yu
Published: October 2014

Three new cytochalasins Z24 (I), Z25 (II), and Z26 (III) are isolated along with the known compound, scoparasin B.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Crystal Engineering of Diverse Coordination Modes (0‐12) for Keggin‐Type Polyoxometalates in Hybrid Inorganic‐Organic Architectures
Authors: Mirzaei Masoud , Eshtiagh‐Hosseini Hossein , Alipour Mahboubeh , Frontera Antonio
Published: October 2014

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis Methods for Nanosized Hydroxyapatite with Diverse Structures
Authors: Sadat‐Shojai Mehdi , Khorasani Mohammad‐Taghi , Dinpanah‐Khoshdargi Ehsan , Jamshidi Ahmad
Published: October 2014

Review: 454 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polynuclear Heterometallic Complexes from Metal Powders: The “Direct Synthesis” Approach
Authors: Nesterov Dmytro S. , Nesterova Oksana V. , Kokozay Vladimir N. , Pombeiro Armando J. L.
Published: October 2014

Review: [51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dinitro Alkanes: An Emerging Class of Bidentate Compounds
Authors: Ballini Roberto , Gabrielli Serena , Palmieri Alessandro
Published: October 2014

Review: [recent procedures for the convenient synthesis of 1,3‐dinitroalkanes and their application as strategic starting materials for the preparation of a variety of fine chemicals; 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleoside Analogues: Synthesis and Biological Properties of Azanucleoside Derivatives
Authors: Hernandez Dacil , Boto Alicia
Published: October 2014

Review: [108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoromethylation of Alkenes with Concomitant Introduction of Additional Functional Groups
Authors: Egami Hiromichi , Sodeoka Mikiko
Published: October 2014

Review: [68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: CuII and Cu0 Catalyzed Mono Borylation of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons with B2pin2: Entering into the Water
Authors: Stavber Gaj , Casar Zdenko
Published: October 2014

Review: [67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Concurrent Cross Metathesis and Enzymatic Oxidation: Enabling Off‐Equilibrium Transformations
Authors: Koehler Valentin , Ward Thomas R.
Published: October 2014

Review: 10 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Alkylation of Furans by π‐Activated Alcohols
Authors: Uchuskin M. G. , Makarov A. S. , Butin A. V.
Published: October 2014

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Six‐Membered O‐Heterocycles
Authors: Kaur Navjeet , Kishore Dharma
Published: October 2014

Review: 117 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress of the Synthesis of Condensed Pyrazole Derivatives (from 2010 to mid‐2013)
Authors: Li Meng , Zhao Bao‐Xiang
Published: October 2014

Review: 446 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Spiroketalisation
Authors: Quach Rachelle , Chorley Daniel F. , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: October 2014

Review: 22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: RANEY® Cobalt — An Underutilised Reagent for the Selective Cleavage of C—X and N—O Bonds
Authors: Banwell Martin G. , Jones Matthew T. , Reekie Tristan A. , Schwartz Brett D. , Tan Shen H. , White Lorenzo V.
Published: October 2014

Review: [90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Functionalization in the Synthesis of Amino Acids and Peptides
Authors: Noisier Anais F. M. , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: October 2014

Review: 107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Protein Biologics
Authors: Davis Benjamin G.
Published: October 2014

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Synthesis of Diverse Tetrahydropyridines via Rh(I)‐Catalyzed C—H Functionalization Sequences
Authors: Mesganaw Tehetena , Ellman Jonathan A.
Published: October 2014

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoassemblies Driven by Cyclodextrin‐Based Inclusion Complexation
Authors: Kang Yang , Guo Kun , Li Bang‐Jing , Zhang Sheng
Published: October 2014

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Biological Activities of Chalcones: A Mini Review
Authors: Singh Parvesh , Anand Amit , Kumar Vipan
Published: October 2014

Review: 130 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Comprehensive Review on Synthetic Approach for Antimalarial Agents
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Paliwal Deepika , Saini Deepika , Thakur Aman , Aggarwal Shilpy , Kaushik Dhirender
Published: October 2014

Review: [250 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3,5‐Triazine‐Based Analogues of Purine: From Isosteres to Privileged Scaffolds in Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Lim Felicia Phei Lin , Dolzhenko Anton V.
Published: October 2014

Review: 201 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stimuli‐Responsive Cancer Therapy Based on Nanoparticles
Authors: Yu Jing , Chu Xin , Hou Yanglong
Published: October 2014

Review: 230 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoalloy Catalysts: Structural and Catalytic Properties
Authors: Shan Shiyao , Luo Jin , Yang Lefu , Zhong Chuan‐Jian
Published: October 2014

Review: 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Conducting a Theoretical Study of a Reaction Mechanism: Why, What, How?
Authors: Gerard Helene , Eisenstein Odile
Published: October 2014

Review: 46 refs.
High‐tuning‐range CMOS band‐pass IF filter based on a low‐Q cascaded biquad optimization technique
Authors: Monsurrò Pietro , Pennisi Salvatore , Scotti Giuseppe , Trifiletti Alessandro
Published: October 2014

A design procedure for high‐order continuous‐time intermediate‐frequency band‐pass filters based on the cascade of low‐Q biquadratic cells is presented. The approach is well suited for integrated‐circuit fabrication, as it takes into account the maximum capacitance spread dictated by the available technology and maximum acceptable sensitivity to component variations. A trade‐off between noise and maximum linear range is also met. A novel, wide‐tuning‐range transconductor topology is also described. Based on these results, a 10‐pole band‐pass filter for a code division multiple‐access satellite receiver has been designed and tested. The filter provides tunable center frequency (f0) from 10 to 70 MHz and exhibits a 28‐MHz bandwidth around f0 = 70 MHz with more than 39‐dB attenuation at f0/2 and 2f0. Third‐order harmonic rejection is higher than 60 dB for a 1‐Vpp 70‐MHz input, and equivalent output noise is lower than 1 mVrms. The circuit is fabricated in a 0.25‐µm complementary metal oxide semiconductor process, and the core consumes 12 mA from a 2.5‐V supply, offering the best current/pole ratio figure. The die area resulted to be 0.9 × 1.1 mm2. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cascading failures of power grids caused by line breakdown
Authors: Zhang Guidong , Li Zhong , Zhang Bo , Qiu Dongyuan , Halang Wolfgang A.
Published: October 2014

In recent years, several large blackouts have drawn much attention to security problems in electric power transmission systems all over the world, which were triggered by initial minor disturbances and caused by cascading failures. Many models for cascading failures in power grids based on node attacks have been proposed, where only one kind of load is involved. In real power systems, however, strict measures are normally taken to protect the nodes, i.e. the power stations, so that failures at the nodes can hardly occur. It is much easier for transmission lines to break down, which may lead to cascading failures in entire power systems. Hence, a new model involving active and reactive loads and considering transmission line failures instead of node failures is proposed to understand cascading failures of power grids. When a transmission line breaks down, its load is redistributed to its neighbouring lines according to their respective capacities. It is well known that a power grid's topology and connectivity play a key role in determining its dynamic behaviour. Therefore, cascading failures of power grids with typical topologies, i.e. random, small‐world and scale‐free networks, are investigated using the model proposed and considering transmission line breakdowns. Finally, the model's effectiveness is validated employing real data of the European power grid. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A phylogenetic analysis of the British flora sheds light on the evolutionary and ecological factors driving plant invasions
Authors: Lim Junying , Crawley Mick J. , De Vere Natasha , Rich Tim , Savolainen Vincent
Published: October 2014

Darwin's naturalization hypothesis predicts that invasive species should perform better in their novel range in the absence of close relatives in the native flora due to reduced competition. Evidence from recent taxonomic and phylogenetic‐based studies, however, is equivocal. We test Darwin's naturalization hypothesis at two different spatial scales using a fossil‐dated molecular phylogenetic tree of the British native and alien flora (ca. 1600 species) and extensive, fine‐scale survey data from the 1998 Countryside Survey. At both landscape and local scales, invasive species were neither significantly more nor less related to the native flora than their non‐invasive alien counterparts. Species invasiveness was instead correlated with higher nitrogen and moisture preference, but not other life history traits such as life‐form and height. We argue that invasive species spread in Britain is hence more likely determined by changes in land use and other anthropogenic factors, rather than evolutionary history. Synthesis. The transition from non‐invasive to invasive is not related to phylogenetic distinctiveness to the native community, but instead to their environmental preferences. Therefore, combating biological invasions in the Britain and other industrialized countries need entirely different strategies than in more natural environments.
Modeling and simulation of PM2.5 collection efficiency in a wire‐plate ESP subjected to magnetic field and diffusion charging
Authors: Zhang Jianping , Xu Dacheng , Ren Jianxing , Wu Helen , Pan Weiguo
Published: October 2014

In this work, magnetic field was introduced to improve the PM2.5 collection efficiency in a wire‐plate electrostatic precipitator (ESP). The mathematical model considering multifield coupling and diffusion charging was established, and the effects of magnetic field and diffusion charging on PM2.5 collection efficiency at different gas velocities and working voltages were simulated numerically. The results indicate that both diffusion charging and magnetic field can improve the collection efficiency of the ESP and that the effect of either diffusion charging or magnetic field becomes more obvious under the conditions of low‐voltages and high‐gas velocities. Furthermore, diffusion charging has a more significant impact on removal efficiency than magnetic field. The combined effect of diffusion charging and magnetic field is better than any individual one. The research results can provide theoretical and technical references for the design of novel ESPs aiming at economy and high efficiency. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 697–702, 2015
Vehicle to Internet communications using the ETSI ITS GeoNetworking protocol
Authors: Sandonis Victor , Soto Ignacio , Calderon Maria , Urueña Manuel
Published: October 2014

Vehicular ad hoc networks allow the exchange of information between vehicles to improve road safety. In addition, vehicles can be connected to the Internet through gateways placed alongside the roads, which allow drivers to use common Internet services and new applications specifically oriented to them. The European Telecommunications Standards Institute Technical Committee Intelligent Transport System has standardised the architecture and the communication protocols for an Intelligent Transport System, considering both safety applications and communications with the Internet. The GeoNetworking (GN) protocol has been designed to forward packets inside the vehicular ad hoc network taking safety requirements as the main concern. This paper analyses the GN protocol focusing on the provision of Internet connectivity to vehicles. The main contributions of this work are the identification of sources of performance losses when using the GN protocol in communications with the Internet and the proposal of different mechanisms to improve its performance in this type of communications. The evaluation of the GN protocol and the proposed improvements is conducted by means of extensive simulations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A frame invariant and maximum principle enforcing second‐order extension for cell‐centered ALE schemes based on local convex hull preservation
Authors: Hoch P. , Labourasse E.
Published: October 2014

Two difficulties are clearly identified for high‐order extensions of ALE schemes for Euler equations: strict respect of the maximum principle and preservation of the Galilean invariance. We deal with these two issues in this paper. Our approach is closely related to the concepts of a posteriori limiting and convex hull spanning. We introduce the notion of local convex hull preservation schemes, which embodies these two concepts. We lean on this notion to propose a fully Galilean invariant ALE scheme. Moreover, we provide a new limiter (called Apitali for A Posteriori ITerAtive LImiter) for the remap step, enforcing the local convex hull preservation property. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large‐scale functional brain network changes in taxi drivers: Evidence from resting‐state fMRI
Authors: Wang Lubin , Liu Qiang , Shen Hui , Li Hong , Hu Dewen
Published: October 2014

Driving a car in the environment is a complex behavior that involves cognitive processing of visual information to generate the proper motor outputs and action controls. Previous neuroimaging studies have used virtual simulation to identify the brain areas that are associated with various driving‐related tasks. Few studies, however, have focused on the specific patterns of functional organization in the driver's brain. The aim of this study was to assess differences in the resting‐state networks (RSNs) of the brains of drivers and nondrivers. Forty healthy subjects (20 licensed taxi drivers, 20 nondrivers) underwent an 8‐min resting‐state functional MRI acquisition. Using independent component analysis, three sensory (primary and extrastriate visual, sensorimotor) RSNs and four cognitive (anterior and posterior default mode, left and right frontoparietal) RSNs were retrieved from the data. We then examined the group differences in the intrinsic brain activity of each RSN and in the functional network connectivity (FNC) between the RSNs. We found that the drivers had reduced intrinsic brain activity in the visual RSNs and reduced FNC between the sensory RSNs compared with the nondrivers. The major finding of this study, however, was that the FNC between the cognitive and sensory RSNs became more positively or less negatively correlated in the drivers relative to that in the nondrivers. Notably, the strength of the FNC between the left frontoparietal and primary visual RSNs was positively correlated with the number of taxi‐driving years. Our findings may provide new insight into how the brain supports driving behavior. Hum Brain Mapp 36:862–871, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HLA‐DRB1*13:01 allele in the genetic susceptibility to colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Aureli Anna , Canossi Angelica , Del Beato Tiziana , Franceschilli Luana , Buonomo Oreste , Papola Franco , De Sanctis Flavio , Lanzilli Giulia , Sileri Pierpaolo , Coppola Andrea , Caratelli Sara , Arriga Roberto , Orlandi Augusto , Lauro Davide , Rossi Piero , Sconocchia Giuseppe
Published: October 2014

Increasing evidence suggests that HLA‐DRB1 alleles reduce or increase the risk of developing ulcerative colitis‐associated colorectal carcinoma (CRC) tumors. However, the role of HLA‐DRB1 locus on the susceptibility to develop CRC tumor, in the absence of a history of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), is unclear. The aim of our study was to determine whether HLA‐DRB1 alleles are associated with IBD‐independent CRC tumor. HLA‐DRB1 allele polymorphisms were identified by sequence‐based typing method in 53 CRC patients and 57 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy Caucasian controls. Pearson's chi‐squared analysis with Yate's correction or Fisher's exact test with Bonferroni's correction, as appropriate, were used to compare the allele frequency (AF) differences of HLA‐DRB1 in patients and controls. A total of 29 HLA‐DRB1 alleles were recognized. A detailed study of these alleles allowed to identify DRB1*13:01 and DRB1*11:01 alleles that were significantly associated with an increased and reduced risk to develop CRC tumor, respectively. AF of DRB1*13:01, in CRC patients, was significantly higher than that of healthy controls, even following Bonferroni's correction (p = 0.029). In contrast, the presence of the DRB1*11:01 allele was negatively associated with CRC tumor as evidenced by the significantly lower AF in CRC patients than that of healthy controls (p = 0.005). However, following Bonferroni's correction, the AF of DRB*11:01 lost its statistical significance. These results suggest that HLA‐DRB1*13:01 allele could be a potential marker for predicting genetic susceptibility to CRC tumor. In contrast, the protective role of DRB1*11:01 remains unclear.
GAGE12 mediates human gastric carcinoma growth and metastasis
Authors: Lee Eun Kyung , Song Kyung‐A. , Chae Ji‐Hye , Kim Kyoung‐Mee , Kim Seok‐Hyung , Kang Myung‐Soo
Published: October 2014

The spontaneous metastasis from human gastric carcinoma (GC) remains poorly reproduced in animal models. Here, we established an experimental mouse model in which GC progressively developed in the orthotopic stomach wall and metastasized to multiple organs; the tumors colonized in the ovary exhibited typical characteristics of Krukenberg tumor. The expression of mesenchymal markers was low in primary tumors and high in those in intravasating and extravasating veins. However, the expression of epithelial markers did not differ, indicating that the acquisition of mesenchymal markers without a concordant loss of typical epithelial markers was associated with metastasis. We identified 35 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GC cells metastasized to ovary, among which overexpression of GAGE12 family genes, the top‐ranked DEGs, were validated. In addition, knockdown of the GAGE12 gene family affected transcription of many of the aforementioned 35 DEGs and inhibited trans‐well migration, tumor sphere formation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. In accordance, GAGE12 overexpression augmented migration, tumor sphere formation and sustained in vivo tumor growth. Taken together, the GAGE12 gene family promotes GC growth and metastasis by modulating the expression of GC metastasis‐related genes.
Short‐ and long‐term results of the Frey procedure for chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Ueda Junji , Miyasaka Yoshihiro , Ohtsuka Takao , Takahata Shunichi , Tanaka Masao
Published: October 2014

Background

The aim of this study was to determine the short‐ and long‐term results of the Frey procedure for chronic pancreatitis.

Methods

From November 1998 to December 2013, 41 patients underwent the Frey procedure for painful chronic pancreatitis at Kyushu University Hospital. The short‐ and long‐term results of the Frey procedure including mortality, morbidity, pain relief, weight gain and pancreatic endocrine function were analyzed. The long‐term results were analyzed in 29 patients who had been followed‐up for more than 12 months. The long‐term follow‐up rate was 85%.

Results

There was no mortality. Early postoperative complications occurred in seven patients (17%), including pancreatic fistula in four (10%, International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula ISGPF grade B) and hemorrhage in three (7%). Long‐term relief of abdominal pain was achieved in 90% (26/29) of cases. One patient developed relapse of inflammation of the head of pancreas during the follow‐up period, necessitating pylorus‐resecting pancreatoduodenectomy. Only two patients (7%) developed new‐onset diabetes mellitus after the Frey procedure during the follow‐up period.

Conclusions

The Frey procedure for painful chronic pancreatitis may be safe and pancreatic endocrine function is preserved. Complete decompression of the pancreatic ducts in the head of pancreas and full length drainage of the main pancreatic duct from the head of pancreas to the tail may be important in the Frey procedure to prevent recurrence of acute inflammation.
Numerical modeling of toxic nonaqueous phase liquid removal from contaminated groundwater systems: mesh effect and discretization error estimation
Authors: Zhao Chongbin , Poulet Thomas , Regenauer‐Lieb Klaus
Published: October 2014

Numerical modeling has now become an indispensable tool for investigating the fundamental mechanisms of toxic nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) removal from contaminated groundwater systems. Because the domain of a contaminated groundwater system may involve irregular shapes in geometry, it is necessary to use general quadrilateral elements, in which two neighbor sides are no longer perpendicular to each other. This can cause numerical errors on the computational simulation results due to mesh discretization effect. After the dimensionless governing equations of NAPL dissolution problems are briefly described, the propagation theory of the mesh discretization error associated with a NAPL dissolution system is first presented for a rectangular domain and then extended to a trapezoidal domain. This leads to the establishment of the finger‐amplitude growing theory that is associated with both the corner effect that takes place just at the entrance of the flow in a trapezoidal domain and the mesh discretization effect that occurs in the whole NAPL dissolution system of the trapezoidal domain. This theory can be used to make the approximate error estimation of the corresponding computational simulation results. The related theoretical analysis and numerical results have demonstrated the following: (1) both the corner effect and the mesh discretization effect can be quantitatively viewed as a kind of small perturbation, which can grow in unstable NAPL dissolution systems, so that they can have some considerable effects on the computational results of such systems; (2) the proposed finger‐amplitude growing theory associated with the corner effect at the entrance of a trapezoidal domain is useful for correctly explaining why the finger at either the top or bottom boundary grows much faster than that within the interior of the trapezoidal domain; (3) the proposed finger‐amplitude growing theory associated with the mesh discretization error in the NAPL dissolution system of a trapezoidal domain can be used for quantitatively assessing the correctness of computational simulations of NAPL dissolution front instability problems in trapezoidal domains, so that we can ensure that the computational simulation results are controlled by the physics of the NAPL dissolution system, rather than by the numerical artifacts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Density matrix renormalization group for ab initio Calculations and associated dynamic correlation methods: A review of theory and applications
Authors: Yanai Takeshi , Kurashige Yuki , Mizukami Wataru , Chalupský Jakub , Lan Tran Nguyen , Saitow Masaaki
Published: October 2014

The recent advent of the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) theory has delivered a new capability to compute multireference (MR) wave function with large configuration space, which far exceeds the limitation of conventional approaches. Here, we provide an overview of our recent work on the developments of ab initio DMRG methods in the context of the active space approaches and their applications to MR chemical systems. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Professor Tetsuo Nozoe and My Tropylium Ion Chemistry
Authors: Komatsu Koichi
Published: October 2014

Needless to say, the discovery of hinokitiol with its “unconventional” aromaticity by Professor Tetsuo Nozoe is one of the most important achievements in organic chemistry in the last century. The essence of this “non‐benzenoid” aromaticity in hinokitiol is of course that of tropolone, and it is further related to the aromaticity of tropone and the tropylium ion, i.e., the cycloheptatrienyl cation. In this account, details of the study conducted by the author's group, particularly on the synthesis and properties of tropylium ion derivatives with various unique structures pursuing the ultimately high carbocation stability, are described.
Peroxide‐Mediated Selective Cleavage of [60]Fullerene Skeleton Bonds: Towards the Synthesis of Open‐Cage Fulleroid C55O5
Authors: Gan Liangbing
Published: October 2014

Replacement of a pentagon in [60]fullerene with five oxygen atoms yields the open‐cage compound C55O5 with five carbonyl groups on the rim of the orifice. Our attempts to synthesize such a target molecule starting from C60 have led us to prepare the fullerene‐mixed peroxides such as C60(OO‐t‐Bu)6 with all the peroxo addends surrounding the same pentagon. Further investigations of the peroxide chemistry have generated various open‐cage fullerene derivatives, including the carbon monoxide encapsulated endohedral compound CO@C59O6. This Personal Account mainly discusses peroxide‐based processes resulting in selective cleavage of the fullerene skeleton bonds.
Organophosphorus Avenues toward Self‐Assembled Conjugated Soft Materials
Authors: Wang Zisu , Baumgartner Thomas
Published: October 2014

Self‐assembly is nature's most powerful tool for constructing the physical world. Self‐assembly has also become an important theme in organic materials research. Within our research program on π‐conjugated organophosphorus materials, we have recently aimed to combine the unique optoelectronic properties of organophosphorus building blocks with self‐assembly features. Our novel organophosphorus‐based chromophore mesogens self‐assemble into complex structures, such as liquid crystals and organogels. More importantly, intriguing optoelectronic properties not present in the original building blocks are also produced as a result. These results have opened up a rich chemistry toward smart functional materials that is currently being further exploited in our group.
Na0.35MnO2/CNT Nanocomposite from a Hydrothermal Method as Electrode Material for Aqueous Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Bai‐He , Yu Feng , Zhang Lei , Wang Xiaowei , Wen Zubiao , Wu Yu‐Ping , Holze Rudolf
Published: October 2014

A Na0.35MnO2/CNT nanocomposite is prepared by a simple and low energy consumption hydrothermal method. Its electrochemical performance as an electrode material for asymmetric supercapacitors with aqueous Na2SO4 solution is investigated. In this nanocomposite less than 2 wt‐% of CNTs are intermingled with the Na0.35MnO2 nanowires. Quite obviously the introduced CNTs efficiently improve the rate performance of the composite. When the current density increases from 0.1 to 10 A·g–1, the capacitance decreases only slightly from 163 to 125 F·g–1. When assembled into an asymmetric aqueous supercapacitor using activated carbon as the counter electrode and an aqueous electrolyte solution of 0.5 mol·L–1 Na2SO4, Na0.35MnO2/CNT shows an energy density of 33.5 Wh·kg–1 at a power density of 3 kW·kg–1 based on the weights of the two electrode materials, higher than those for simple Na0.35MnO2, with an energy density of 28.7 Wh·kg–1 at a power density of 3 kW·kg–1 only. The Na0.35MnO2/CNT nanocomposite presents excellent cycling behavior, no capacitance fading after 10000 cycles, even when dissolved oxygen is not removed from the electrolyte solution. The results are very promising for practical applications of this electrode material since sodium is much cheaper than lithium and its natural resources are rich.
Speciation of Molybdates under Hydrothermal Conditions
Authors: Noack Johannes , Rosowski Frank , Schlögl Robert , Trunschke Annette
Published: October 2014

In situ Raman spectroscopy was applied to investigate the speciation of molybdates under hydrothermal conditions in 0.2 M aqueous solution in the temperature range between 20 °C and 200 °C and at pH values between 7 and 1. The nature and abundance of molecular and supra‐molecular species differs significantly compared to the distribution of species under ambient conditions at the same pH. Whereas heptamolybdate Mo7O246– dominates under ambient pressure at 25 °C in the pH range between 6 and 5, at 170–190 °C, chain‐like or molecular structures of dimolybdates Mo2O72– and trimolybdates Mo3O102– are preferentially formed. In acidic solutions (pH < 2), supramolecular species, like Mo36O1128–, which generally predominate at 25 °C, do not occur at T > 100 °C. Instead, β‐Mo8O264– is the final molecular precursor of precipitation reactions that was detectable by Raman spectroscopy. The structural type of the solid phase formed through addition of vanadyl sulfate under hydrothermal conditions is sensitively controlled by the nature of the molecular precursor, which is adjusted by the pH. In acidic medium, hexagonal MoO3 (ICSD 80290) is formed, while at pH = 5.8 nano‐crystalline M1 (ICSD 55096) was obtained.
Petrological Evidences of Impact-induced Shock Metamorphism in the Basement Granitoids and Rhyolitic Melt Breccia of Mohar Area, Shivpuri District, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Roy Madhuparna , Kumar Shailendra , Pandey Pradeep , Bhairam C.L. , Parihar P.S.
Published: October 2014

The circular structure at Mohar (Dhala structure) in the western part of Bundelkhand Gneissic Complex, is marked by a prominent outlier of Kaimur sediments surrounded by low lying concentric sequence of sediments of Dhala Formation and basement granite breccia. This has been interpreted as a volcanic eruption related cauldron structure and meteoritic impact crater structure by various authors, on the basis of absence or presence of shock indicators in the clasts of a rhyolite-like rock that crops out scantily in the north western part of the structure. During the course of extensive sub-surface uranium exploration in this structure, the geoscientists of Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research observed unequivocal and rampant evidences of shock metamorphic features for the first time in drill core samples of basement granitoids which constitute the bed rock for the rhyolite-like melt breccia, which overlies it. Published data of shock metamorphic features from this area are largely confined to the surface samples of the rhyolite-like melt rock, exposed in sparse outcrops. The shock metamorphic features recorded in the sub-surface granitoid bed rock samples during the present study, comprise planar deformation features (PDF) in quartz, feldspar, apatite and zircon, toasted, diaplectic, ladder-textured feldspars, selectively shock-melted feldspars and melt-veined quartz. The shock metamorphic features recorded in surface and sub-surface samples of the melt rock include ballen quartz, PDF in quartz clasts, toasted and diaplectic feldspar clasts shocked basic rock fragments with isotropised feldspars. Both the shocked bedrock granitoid and the melt rock bear uncharacteristic geochemical signatures with elevated K2O, MgO and depleted CaO. The study also observes that the melt breccia overlying the granitoid bedrock also occurs as pocket-like patches at various depths within the granitoids. Thus, the present findings have helped in understanding the attributes of the basement granitoid and associated melt breccia, thereby linking the genesis of the latter by selective melting of the former, due to the process of impact. It reinforces the already propounded theory of impact as the likely cause for the development of the structure in the basement Bundelkhand granitoid that was later filled by sediments standing out presently as a mesa.
A Method for Estimating Crack-initiation Stress of Rock Materials by Porosity
Authors: Basu A. , Mishra D. A.
Published: October 2014

Crack-initiation stress of a rock under compression is the stress level that marks the initiation of the rock microfracturing process or in other words, the onset of new damage to the rock. This paper proposed a simple methodology with justifications to explore the feasibility of using total and effective porosities as estimators of crack-initiation stress of brittle crystalline rock materials under uniaxial compression. The validity/applicability of the proposed method was examined by an experimental study of granitic materials from Malanjkhand, Madhya Pradesh. It was found that effective porosity depicts better correlation with crack-initiation stress than with uniaxial compressive strength of the granitic materials. On the other hand, total porosity does not show any perceptible correlation with uniaxial compressive strength and crack-initiation stress. Plausible reasons for the nature of the obtained results were also explained in view of rock failure process under compression. It is concluded that following the proposed method, effective porosity can be used as a physical index to obtain a quick estimate of crack-initiation stress of the investigated rocks empirically.
A Case of Normal Regression with Sea Level Transgression: Example from the Ganurgarh Shale, Vindhyan Basin, Maihar Area, M.P., India
Authors: Adnan Ali , Shukla U.K.
Published: October 2014

The Ganurgarh shale, a formation belonging to the Bhander Group of Vindhyan basin is investigated using field based detailed lithofacies and petrofacies analyses in order to interpret the depositional environment in a sequence stratigraphic context. Five major lithofacies have been recognized consisting of calcareous sandstones, laminated mudstones, rippled siltstones, red-grey shales and sandy limestones characterized by small to large-scale cross-bedding, ripple cross-lamination of wave and current origin, parallel lamination, low-angle horizontal bedding, flaser and lenticular bedding, mud-cracks, salt pseudomorphs, convolute bedding and load structures. The constituent lithofacies are recurring and grouped into three lithofacies associations where, the association A is composed of fining upwards and B with coarsening upwards cycles at the lower and middle levels of the succession respectively, are dominantly arenaceous whereas, the association C occurring at upper levels is fining upwards (FU) and becomes calcareous with meager representation of clastics. Petrographically, the section offers three main petrofacies viz., (a) sandstone- (b) siltstone- (c) sandy limestone-petrofacies. Lithofacies characters complimented with petrography show that deposition occurred within the shoreface (subtidal) to foreshore intertidal domain involving tidal flats with sub-environments ranging from intertidal to supratidal. However, lithofacies associations within the Ganurgarh shale of Maihar area represent a case of normal regression during sea level transgression. In the beginning, probably because of excessive sediment supply the sea level had a falling trend during an overall transgressive phase ultimately culminating into limestone sedimentation.
Revisit to Graphite-Tungsten Deposits of East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Umathay Ramesh M. , Pophare Anil M.
Published: October 2014

The graphite-tungsten deposits under consideration in this study are located in the Burugubanda, Pydiputta, Tapasikonda, Marripalem and Madyaratigudem areas of the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India. These deposits were formed due to wide spread tectonothermal events associated with the evolution of Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt (EGMB). The graphite deposits of East Godavari district are epigenetic, rhombohedral fluid deposited type and are one of the four deposits of such type reported so far from Srilanka, Spain and England. The graphite deposits were formed due to granodioritic intrusion into the Narsipatnam shear zone, which caused migmatisation of khondalites along with mobilisation and concentration of graphite, as veins and lenses, into the graphite gneisses. The graphite gneisses were subsequently intruded by quartz rich pegmatites that were laden with tungsten mineralisation. The tungsten mineralisation occurs as thin bands, lenses, stringers and vein lets within the quartz matrix and also dispersed in the graphite gneisses. Inclusions of tungsten in graphite indicate that tungsten mineralisation succeeded graphite mineralisation. However, the low P-T phenomenon of tungsten (wolframite-ferberite) mineralisation resulted in low tenor of tungsten ore deposits (WO3: 0.10%). Rare earth elements (REE) are associated with tungsten mineralisation in these areas. During the present study, these graphite-tungsten deposits have been re-examined, in the backdrop of shelving graphite-tungsten projects in these areas. The feed for mineral beneficiation tests was decided on the basis of dispersion of tungsten in quartz and graphite rich fractions of the ore zone. The feed (ROM material) on beneficiation gave recovery of +75% graphite concentrate, tungsten concentrate of consistent chemical grade, besides recovery of sizeable REE concentrate. It also rendered use of unutilised graphite tailing dumps at beneficiation plants, thereby effecting conservation. Thus, the association of tungsten and REE with the entire graphite deposits along with their value addition during beneficiation, as by-product, revived opportunities to restart graphite mining in the Burugubanda, Pydiputta and Tapasikonda areas in particular and East Godavari district, in general, as an economically viable venture. This will initiate opening of graphite mines in other districts of Andhra Pradesh and energise economics of working graphite mines within EGMB, in the states of Jharkhand, Odisha and Tamil Nadu.
Geoelectric Model and Hydrochemistry of Salinity Affected Lower Atrai Floodplain Aquifer, NW Bangladesh: An Approach for Irrigation Management
Authors: Mazumder Q.H. , Jahan C.S. , Mazumder F. , Islam M.A. , Jaman S. , Ali M.N. , Rahaman A.T.M.S. , Arefin M.R. , Ahasan A.
Published: October 2014

In the salinity affected lower Atrai floodplain aquifer in the NW Bangladesh, geoelectric resistivity survey and hydrochemical analysis are carried out with an aim to identify fresh and saline groundwater zones; investigate the status of salinity; evaluate hydrochemical processes involved and suggest management approaches for irrigation. Here a two-fold aquifer system, inter-layered by silt, clay and silty-clay aquitard and aquiclude is classified as: upper aquifer - spatially affected by salinity of varying degrees; and lower aquifer - generally characterized by high salinity. The aquifer with resistivity values greater than 69 Ωm is safe for irrigation use. Concentrations of major ions vary as: Ca2+>Na+>Mg2+>K+ and HCO3−>Cl−>NO3−>SO42−. Groundwater is dominated by Na-Ca to Ca-Na, HCO3 -Cl-SO4, Cl-SO4 -HCO3 and Cl-SO42− facies where Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42−, HCO3−, Cl− and NO32− ion concentrations are statistically dominant and water is of Ca-Mg, HCO3-SO4-Cl and NO3 types. Geochemically, groundwater is hard and saline to fresh water type. Salinity increases with depth, but spatially towards the southern part. Groundwater quality is a product of water-rock interaction, direct mixing and marine spraying, or fall-out of airborne marine salts, where silicate weathering is the primary source of bivalent cations. Sediment provenance of alkaline earth silicates and higher concentrations of alkalis are derived from sources other than precipitation. In general partially or fully salinity affected upper and lower aquifers in the area except in its eastern part are not suitable for tubewell irrigation. As groundwater demand for irrigation is increasing, the saline water has progressively invaded relatively fresher parts of the aquifer by upconning. So, special salinity control management approaches can be adopted through engineering techniques such as groundwater abstraction optimization, as also through scientific behavioral approaches like groundwater demand management, salt tolerant crops production. In this context, surface water conservation and rain water harvesting for domestic and irrigational uses are recommended in the salinity affected area.
Environmental Impact on Coastal Wetlands since 4 ka in Cauvery Delta: Palynology and Thecamoebian Study
Authors: Srivastava Jyoti , Farooqui Anjum
Published: October 2014

Palaeoclimate and Palaeoecological study was carried out in ~2 m sediment core deposited since 4 ka in an estuarine environment along Uppanar River mouth, Cauvery Delta. Palynological and thecamoebian evidences indicate (1) a basal fluvial lacustrine depositional environment (~4-3 ka) characterized by sandy sediment, with low salinity and dominance of non-pollen forms like foraminiferal linings and thecamoebians with a low percentage of pollen and spores and (2) an estuarine environment (since 3 ka) characterized by clayey sediment with high salinity and a good percentage of mangrove and terrestrial pollen along with non-pollen forms. A shift in the depositional environment since ~3 ka indicates monsoonal and geomorphological changes in the coastal wetland. During this period dominance of Avicennia and Cheno/Ams indicate low freshwater runoff from land suggesting a weakened monsoon condition enhanced by anthropogenic activity.