bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Residential Tracker Accuracy in Quantified Direct Beam Irradiance and Global Horizontal Irradiance
Authors: Sabry M S. , Raichle B W.
Published: June 2014

An accurate solar tracker matches array angles with solar angles throughout the day. Many studies have used the power produced by a tracked PV array as a proxy to characterize a tracker’s accuracy. However, it is difficult to decouple the effects of tracker performance from other effects on power output. It was not found in the literature reviewed that there are studies that determine the accuracy of solar trackers by directly measuring the tracker angles. This study was an experiment to determine the accuracy of two small commercially available non-algorithm based solar trackers: the Zomeworks UTR-020 passive one axis solar tracker, and the Wattsun AZ-225 active electro-optical two axis solar tracker. Accuracy of the trackers was determined by measuring the tracking angles under varying conditions including direct beam irradiation (DBI) and global horizontal irradiance (GHI), and comparing to calculated sun angles. The results showed that the average azimuth angle accuracy of the Zomeworks UTR-020 is 75%, the average azimuth angle accuracy of the Wattsun AZ-225 is 88%, and the average elevation angle accuracy of the Wattsun is 89%. In addition, the results showed a weak correlation between the azimuth accuracy of the Zomeworks and DBF, a strong correlation between the azimuth accuracy of the Wattsun and DBF, and a moderate correlation between the elevation accuracy of the Wattsun and DBF. Moreover, the azimuth accuracy of the Wattsun was always higher than that of the Zomeworks under all DBF and GHI conditions.
Design Approaches to Improve Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Muhammad Fahmi Fariq
Published: June 2014

Organic solar cells (OSC)s are valuable economical and environmental friendly devices capable to generate electricity from sunlight. This is because of their simple fabrication process and minimal material usage in comparison to the inorganic solar cells. OSCs have not been widely commercialized yet because of their relatively low power conversion efficiency and stability problem. It is expected that these obstacles will be surmounted in a foreseeable future upon rigorous research studies performed in the field. This paper is devoted to reviewing the design related strategies that can be taken to enhance OSC performance. These strategies can be accomplished through modulating the architecture of the devices and by considering the alignment of the molecular energy levels between their active layer components.
Solvent Isotope Effect on Transfer Hydrogenation of H2O with Glycerine under Alkaline Hydrothermal Conditions
Authors: Shen Zheng , Gu Minyan , Liu Shiyang , Dong Wenjie , Zhang Yalei
Published: June 2014

Solvent isotope effect was investigated with 1H-, 2H-NMR, LC-MS and Gas-MS analyses on transfer hydrogenation of H2O with glycerine under alkaline hydrothermal conditions. The results from solvent isotope studies showed that (1) the H on the β-C of lactate was almost exchanged by D2O, which suggests that the hydroxyl (-OH) group on the 2-C of glycerine was first transformed into a carbonyl (C=O) group and then was converted back into a -OH group to form lactate; (2) The presence of large amounts of D was found in the produced hydrogen gas, which shows that the water molecules acted as a reactant; and (3) D% in the produced hydrogen gas was far more than 50%, which straightforwardly shows that acetol was formed in the first place as the most probable intermediate by undergoing a dehydration reaction rather than a dehydrogenation reaction.
Wind Turbine and Photovoltaic Hybrid Generations under Extreme Operating Gust
Authors: Eid Ahmad , Abdel-Akher Mamdouh
Published: June 2014

A micro-grid consisting of a 300kW wind turbine and a 40kW photovoltaic array is investigated under extreme operating gust (EOG) wind scenarios. The micro-grid is connected to the 380-V utility through a utility-side converter using natural-frame control, which provides a constant voltage of the DC link between the micro-grid and utility. The impact of the extreme gust wind variations on the micro-grid performance is studied for variable speed wind energy system equipped with a squirrel-cage induction generator. The Hurghada city, Red Sea, Egypt is taken as a case study for the wind speed profile. A detailed model of extreme gust-wind speed variation is implemented and simulated using PSIM commercial software package, based on climate characteristics of Hurghada city. The indirect rotor field oriented control (FOC) method is implemented to the generator-side converter to keep the system stable under the extreme gust wind conditions and to control the squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG) speed for maximum power-point tracker (MPPT) regime. Power quality of the utility-side converter in terms of operation at different power factors, voltage value and THD are verified.
« C’est une impossibilité scientifique et matérielle que de garantir l’avenir1 ». Idiots, aliénés incurables ou déments séniles en congé d’essai, fin XIXe début XXe siècle2
Authors: Thifault Marie-Claude
Published: June 2014

L’Hôpital Saint-Jean-de-Dieu a été, au tournant du xxe siècle, le plus grand asile au Canada et par surcroît une référence reconnue internationalement pour l’expertise thérapeutique de ses propriétaires et de ses aliénistes. Le dépouillement de plus de 8 000 dossiers médicaux de cette institution psychiatrique a permis de mettre au jour une précieuse correspondance entre les membres de la famille (requérants) des patients et les surintendants médicaux au sujet des congés d’essai. Ces sources de première main révèlent les allées et venues des patients entre l’hôpital et le foyer familial. Elles dévoilent également les appréhensions du futur imputables au retour définitif du patient. Cette étude sur l’histoire culturelle des sensibilités explore les dimensions privée et intime, sous l’angle du « risque », concernant l’anticipation d’un quelconque malheur générée par la réintégration en milieu familial d’un idiot, d’un aliéné incurable ou d’un dément sénile. Un intérêt particulier est porté sur les discours autour de « l’événement-non-encore-survenu », qui motive les requérants à refuser la mise en liberté définitive de leur malade interné à l’hôpital psychiatrique.
Le rendement énergétique net : principe cardinal d’une politique québécoise à l’égard des hydrocarbures1
Authors: Tremblay Hugo
Published: June 2014

Le Québec se situe à une croisée des chemins en matière de politique énergétique. De nombreux débats et réflexions sociales ont eu lieu et se poursuivent à propos des gaz de schiste, de la relance des grands projets de barrage dans le Nord, des minicentrales hydroélectriques, de l’abandon du nucléaire et de la filière éolienne. Le gouvernement affiche la ferme intention de favoriser le développement du pétrole non conventionnel, tandis que plusieurs projets de pipeline visent le territoire provincial afin d’ouvrir les marchés de l’est du continent nord-américain aux hydrocarbures des Prairies. À certains égards, la stratégie énergétique québécoise de 2006 semble dépassée. De ce portrait général se dégage l’impression d’un secteur énergétique en effervescence auquel manque une vision d’ensemble capable de structurer des initiatives parcellaires et désordonnées. Cet article présente le concept de rendement énergétique net et en étudie les ramifications afin de proposer une piste de réflexion capable d’intégrer les politiques énergétiques provinciales en un ensemble cohérent. Ce concept reste largement ignoré au Québec malgré son utilité indiscutable. Le rendement énergétique net permet en effet d’écarter les filières les moins prometteuses et de sélectionner les secteurs de production énergétique qui doivent être privilégiés à long terme afin de favoriser le développement durable. Il fournirait une perspective essentielle alors que les processus d’étude d’impacts et d’évaluation en matière énergétique se multiplient.
Idiopathic Toe-Walking
Authors: Williams Cylie M. , Tinley Paul , Rawicki Barry
Published: June 2014

Background

Idiopathic toe-walking (ITW) is a condition commonly seen by podiatric physicians. Because a toe-walking gait style is also caused by or associated with many other medical conditions, podiatric physicians should pay particular attention to ensuring an accurate diagnosis. There are many reported treatment options available for ITW. Therefore, a literature review was conducted to determine what treatment options are supported by the evidence as having the best long-term effect on ITW gait.

Methods

After extraction of relevant articles, 21 manuscripts reporting treatment options for ITW gait were appraised against the levels of evidence.

Results

From these articles, there was no single treatment option reported as having a long-term effect on the gait of children with ITW. There was support in the literature for surgical interventions, serial casting, and the use of botulinum toxin type A. There was limited evidence that footwear or orthoses changed the gait pattern.

Conclusions

This review updates the knowledge of podiatric physicians, enhances how children who present with this gait style can be managed, and highlights areas for future research.
Plantar Fasciitis and Its Relationship with Hallux Limitus
Authors: Aranda Yolanda , Munuera Pedro V.
Published: June 2014

Background

We sought to determine whether patients with plantar fasciitis have limited dorsiflexion in the first metatarsophalangeal joint and which type of foot, pronated or supinated, is most frequently associated with plantar fasciitis.

Methods

The 100 study participants (34 men and 66 women) were divided into two groups: patients with plantar fasciitis and controls. The Foot Posture Index and dorsiflexion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint were compared between the two groups, and a correlation analysis was conducted to study their relationship.

Results

In the plantar fasciitis group there was a slight limitation of dorsiflexion of the hallux that was not present in the control group (P < .001). Hallux dorsiflexion and the Foot Posture Index were inversely correlated (Spearman correlation coefficient, −0.441; P < .01).

Conclusions

Participants with plantar fasciitis presented less hallux dorsiflexion than those in the control group, and their most common foot type was the pronated foot.
The role of magmatically driven lithospheric thickening on arc front migration
Authors: Karlstrom L. , Lee C.‐T. A. , Manga M.
Published: June 2014

Volcanic activity at convergent plate margins is localized along lineaments of active volcanoes that focus rising magma generated within the mantle below. In many arcs worldwide, particularly continental arcs, the volcanic front migrates away from the interface of subduction (the trench) over millions of years, reflecting coevolving surface forcing, tectonics, crustal magma transport, and mantle flow. Here we show that extraction of melt from arc mantle and subsequent magmatic thickening of overlying crust and lithosphere can drive volcanic front migration. These processes are consistent with geochemical trends, such as increasing La/Yb, which show that increasing depths of differentiation correlate with arc front migration in continental arcs. Such thickening truncates the underlying mantle flow field, squeezing hot mantle wedge and the melting focus away from the trench while progressively decreasing the volume of melt generated. However, if magmatic thickening is balanced by tectonic extension in the upper plate, a steady crustal thickness is achieved that results in a more stationary arc front with long‐lived mantle melting. This appears to be the case for some island arcs. Thus, in combination with tectonic modulation of crustal thickness, magmatic thickening provides a self consistent model for volcanic arc front migration and the composition of arc magmas.
Early life histories of the London poor using δ13C and δ15N stable isotope incremental dentine sampling
Authors: Henderson Rowena C. , Lee‐Thorp Julia , Loe Louise
Published: June 2014

High resolution incremental isotopic analysis of the dentine from early forming teeth, especially first molars (M1s), provides a means to assess the effects of poor childhood nutrition and healthcare on individuals in an assemblage where there are no infants to study. This approach is applied to an 18th and 19th century cemetery population associated with St Saviour's Almshouse burial ground in Southwark, London, to assess whether, or how, early dietary history, including weaning age, influenced health and nutritional status. The results show a general pattern in which non‐breast milk foods were introduced before or by 6 months of age, as indicated by elevated δ15N during this period. Almost all individuals for which we also have second molar (M2) records, showed lower δ15N values from a very young age (>1 year) until approximately 8–10 years, compared to adult values. The overall results show a significant difference in δ13C (p = 0 to 4sf, F = 17.327) and a weaker statistical difference in δ15N between males and females (p = 0.019, F = 5.581). One possible cause of this is a difference in the diet of males and females early in life, or alternatively, a greater susceptibility of males to nutritional deprivation compared to females. The latter argument is strengthened by a significant difference in the incidence of enamel hypoplasia between the males and females, with 7.7% of male teeth showing defects, compared to 3.9% of females. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:585–593, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A fast method based on multiple clustering for name disambiguation in bibliographic citations
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Weijia , Huang Zhen , Fang Qiang
Published: June 2014

Name ambiguity in the context of bibliographic citation affects the quality of services in digital libraries. Previous methods are not widely applied in practice because of their high computational complexity and their strong dependency on excessive attributes, such as institutional affiliation, research area, address, etc., which are difficult to obtain in practice. To solve this problem, we propose a novel coarse‐to‐fine framework for name disambiguation which sequentially employs 3 common and easily accessible attributes (i.e., coauthor name, article title, and publication venue). Our proposed framework is based on multiple clustering and consists of 3 steps: (a) clustering articles by coauthorship and obtaining rough clusters, that is fragments; (b) clustering fragments obtained in step 1 by title information and getting bigger fragments; (c) and clustering fragments obtained in step 2 by the latent relations among venues. Experimental results on a Digital Bibliography and Library Project (DBLP) data set show that our method outperforms the existing state‐of‐the‐art methods by 2.4% to 22.7% on the average pairwise F1 score and is 10 to 100 times faster in terms of execution time.
The Neuropsychology of Male Adults With High‐Functioning Autism or Asperger Syndrome
Authors: Wilson C. Ellie , Happé Francesca , Wheelwright Sally J. , Ecker Christine , Lombardo Michael V. , Johnston Patrick , Daly Eileen , Murphy Clodagh M. , Spain Debbie , Lai Meng‐Chuan , Chakrabarti Bhismadev , Sauter Disa A. ,   MRC AIMS Consortium, Baron‐Cohen Simon , Murphy Declan G. M.
Published: June 2014

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is diagnosed on the basis of behavioral symptoms, but cognitive abilities may also be useful in characterizing individuals with ASD. One hundred seventy‐eight high‐functioning male adults, half with ASD and half without, completed tasks assessing IQ, a broad range of cognitive skills, and autistic and comorbid symptomatology. The aims of the study were, first, to determine whether significant differences existed between cases and controls on cognitive tasks, and whether cognitive profiles, derived using a multivariate classification method with data from multiple cognitive tasks, could distinguish between the two groups. Second, to establish whether cognitive skill level was correlated with degree of autistic symptom severity, and third, whether cognitive skill level was correlated with degree of comorbid psychopathology. Fourth, cognitive characteristics of individuals with Asperger Syndrome (AS) and high‐functioning autism (HFA) were compared. After controlling for IQ, ASD and control groups scored significantly differently on tasks of social cognition, motor performance, and executive function (P's < 0.05). To investigate cognitive profiles, 12 variables were entered into a support vector machine (SVM), which achieved good classification accuracy (81%) at a level significantly better than chance (P < 0.0001). After correcting for multiple correlations, there were no significant associations between cognitive performance and severity of either autistic or comorbid symptomatology. There were no significant differences between AS and HFA groups on the cognitive tasks. Cognitive classification models could be a useful aid to the diagnostic process when used in conjunction with other data sources—including clinical history. Autism Res 2014, 7: 568–581. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Faculty agency in striving university contexts: mundane yet powerful acts of agency
Authors: Gonzales Leslie D.
Published: June 2014

Drawing from Archer's critical realist theory of agency, this paper has two specific aims. First, the cultural and structural features of one ‘striving’ institution are outlined. Then, I illustrate how faculty members asserted agency inside their striving university in ways intended to disrupt the structures and cultures that striving universities produce. Forms of faculty agency included negotiating, critiquing and resisting. The work is relevant to those who study the academic profession; those who provide support and professional development to contemporary academics, especially academics serving inside striving universities; and, finally, to those interested in the study and possibility of human agency inside a higher education field that is marked by the pressures of both fiscal and cultural markets.
Pyrazolone as a recognition site: Rhodamine 6G‐based fluorescent probe for the selective recognition of Fe3+ in acetonitrile–aqueous solution
Authors: Parihar Sanjay , Boricha Vinod P. , Jadeja R. N.
Published: June 2014

Two novel Rhodamine–pyrazolone‐based colorimetric off–on fluorescent chemosensors for Fe3+ ions were designed and synthesized using pyrazolone as the recognition moiety and Rhodamine 6G as the signalling moiety. The photophysical properties and Fe3+‐binding properties of sensors L1 and L2 in acetonitrile–aqueous solution were also investigated. Both sensors successfully exhibit a remarkably ‘turn‐on’ response, toward Fe3+, which was attributed to 1: 2 complex formation between Fe3+ and L1/L2. The fluorescent and colorimetric response to Fe3+ can be detected by the naked eye, which provides a facile method for the visual detection of Fe3+. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The solution structure of bis(phenazine‐1‐carboxamide)‐DNA complexes: MLN 944 binding corrected and extended
Authors: Serobian Andre , Thomas Donald S. , Ball Graham E. , Denny William A. , Wakelin Laurence P. G.
Published: June 2014

MLN 944 is a bisintercalating DNA‐binding antitumor agent known to be a template inhibitor of transcription. Previous 1H NMR studies of its d(ATGCAT)2 complex concluded that its phenazine chromophores are protonated. However, we find that this is not so, which has important consequences for the charged state of the ligand, for the orientation of its 1‐carboxamide group in the complex, and for the details of the interaction of its protonated interchromophore linker with the DNA base pairs. Here, we report a corrected solution structure of the MLN 944‐d(ATGCAT)2 complex, and extend the study to complexes with d(TATGCATA)2, and d(TACGCGTA)2, using a variety of 1H and 31P NMR methods and molecular dynamics simulations employing the AMBER 12 force field. We find that for all three complexes MLN 944 binds as a dication, in which the chromophores are uncharged, in the DNA major groove spanning the central 2 GC base pairs in a manner that maintains the dyad symmetry of the DNA. The carboxamide group lies in the plane of the chromophore, its NH making hydrogen bonding interactions with the phenazine N10 nitrogen, and the protonated linkers form hydrogen bonds with the O6 atom of guanine. The dynamics simulations reveal extensive solvent interactions involving the linker amines, the carboxamide group, and the DNA bases. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 1099–1113, 2014.
Spatial optimization in perfusion bioreactors improves bone tissue‐engineered construct quality attributes
Authors: Papantoniou Ioannis , Guyot Yann , Sonnaert Maarten , Kerckhofs Greet , Luyten Frank P. , Geris Liesbet , Schrooten Jan
Published: June 2014

Perfusion bioreactors have shown great promise for tissue engineering applications providing a homogeneous and consistent distribution of nutrients and flow‐induced shear stresses throughout tissue‐engineered constructs. However, non‐uniform fluid‐flow profiles found in the perfusion chamber entrance region have been shown to affect tissue‐engineered construct quality characteristics during culture. In this study a whole perfusion and construct, three dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics approach was used in order to optimize a critical design parameter such as the location of the regular pore scaffolds within the perfusion bioreactor chamber. Computational studies were coupled to bioreactor experiments for a case‐study flow rate. Two cases were compared in the first instance seeded scaffolds were positioned immediately after the perfusion chamber inlet while a second group was positioned at the computationally determined optimum distance were a steady state flow profile had been reached. Experimental data showed that scaffold location affected significantly cell content and neo‐tissue distribution, as determined and quantified by contrast enhanced nanoCT, within the constructs both at 14 and 21 days of culture. However, gene expression level of osteopontin and osteocalcin was not affected by the scaffold location. This study demonstrates that the bioreactor chamber environment, incorporating a scaffold and its location within it, affects the flow patterns within the pores throughout the scaffold requiring therefore dedicated optimization that can lead to bone tissue engineered constructs with improved quality attributes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2560–2570. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carbon storage in recombinant Escherichia coli during growth on glycerol and lactic acid
Authors: Weiner Michael , Tröndle Julia , Albermann Christoph , Sprenger Georg A. , Weuster‐Botz Dirk
Published: June 2014

A fed‐batch process was studied with lactate and glycerol supply in the growth phase and glycerol supply during L‐phenylalanine production with recombinant E. coli K‐12. Lactic acid feeding was necessary for growth because the genes encoding the PEP‐consuming pyruvate kinase isoenzymes (pykA, pykF) have been deleted. An unexpected glucose efflux (67.6 ± 2.3 mgGlucose gCDW−1) was measured after the cells were harvested and resuspended in a mineral medium for metabolic perturbation experiments. As the efflux prohibited the application of these experiments, characterization of intracellular carbon storage was necessary. Therefore, two genetically engineered strains (one lacking glycogen metabolism and another additionally lacking trehalose synthesis) were applied in the fed‐batch process. Trehalose synthesis and accumulation from lactate was clearly identified as the source for glucose efflux after cell harvest and resuspension. Cultivations of strains with active pyruvate kinase successfully identified lactate as the carbon source causing intracellular trehalose storage. The usage of glycerol as sole carbon source during the whole process enabled an improved process performance and inhibited trehalose accumulation. Overall, this setup allows the application of perturbation experiments. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2508–2519. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous analysis of seven 2‐hydroxy fatty acids as tert‐butyldimethylsilyl derivatives in plasma by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Seo Chan , Yoon Jaehwan , Rhee Yumie , Kim Jong‐Jin , Nam Sang‐Jip , Lee Wonjae , Lee Gwang , Yee Sung‐Tae , Paik Man‐Jeong
Published: June 2014

An efficient method for the simultaneous analysis of seven 2‐hydroxy fatty acids (2‐HFAs) as tert‐butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) derivative was developed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode. New mass spectral data on 2‐hydroxycapric, 2‐hydroxypalmitic, 2‐hydroxystearic and 2‐hydroxybehenic acids as di‐TBDMS derivatives for hydroxyl and carboxyl groups were built. Under the optimal conditions, the present method showed a good correlation coefficient (r ≥ 0.999) in the range of 0.01–0.5 µg. The precision showed low relative standard deviation of <10%, and the accuracy (percentage relative error) varied from −5.2 to 0.3 for the seven 2‐HFAs studied. Recovery rates of all 2‐HFAs were  ≥ 93.2% with good precision. When applied to normal human plasma, seven 2‐HFAs were positively identified. Therefore, the present efficient method will be useful for simultaneous analysis of 2‐HFAs in plasma. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of three isoflavones from Trifolium pratense extract in rat plasma by LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wang Shouyu , Lu Ming , Zhang Zhen , Tian Xiliang , Lv Decheng
Published: June 2014

A highly selective and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry has been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of three isoflavones – ononin, formononetin and biochanin A – in rat plasma using lysionotin as internal standard (IS). The plasma samples were pretreated and extracted by liquid–liquid extraction. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a C18 column with the column temperature of 30 °C and a mobile phase of methanol–0.1% formic acid (75:25, v/v). The detection was accomplished by multiple‐reaction monitoring scanning with positive/negative ion‐switching electrospray ionization mode. The optimized mass transition ion pairs (m/z) for quantitation were 431.3/269.1 for ononin, 267.1/252.2 for formononetin, 283.2/268.2 for biochanin A and 343.2/313.3 for IS. The total run time was 8.0 min. Full validation of the assay was implemented, including selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect and stability. This is the first report on simultaneous determination of the three major isoflavones in rat plasma after intragastric administration of Trifolium pratense extract. The results provided a significant basis for the clinical application of this herb Trifolium pratense. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sonographic anatomy of the pubic symphysis in healthy nulliparous women
Authors: Becker Ines , Stringer Mark D. , Jeffery Ruth , Woodley Stephanie J.
Published: June 2014

Pregnancy‐related symphyseal pain is a condition commonly encountered by clinicians but its pathogenesis is poorly understood. The pubic symphysis is readily visualized with ultrasound, yet the normal sonographic anatomy of the joint has not been accurately documented. This study aimed to describe the anatomy of the pubic symphysis in healthy, nulliparous women using ultrasound. An experienced and inexperienced sonographer scanned the joint in 30 female volunteers (mean age 26 years). Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of ultrasound measurements were examined and the accuracy of these measurements was validated by ultrasound and dissection of six female cadaver pelves (mean age 75 years). In healthy young women, pubic symphysis morphology varied, and six categories of anterosuperior joint shape were defined. Mean values of several anatomic parameters were obtained in supine and standing positions: joint width (widest 10.1 mm, narrowest 2.6 mm); superior pubic ligament (SPL) length and depth (41.4 and 3.4 mm, respectively); and pubic crest length (left 24.4 mm, right 24.4 mm). Statistically significant relationships between SPL width and depth and anthropometric variables (body mass index, pelvic width, and body fat percentage) were established. Larger ultrasonographic measurements, such as wide joint width and SPL length, could be measured more reliably than smaller measurements, such as narrow joint width and SPL depth, in both healthy volunteers and cadavers. Findings from this study provide normative reference data for examination of the pubic symphysis in pregnant women and may therefore be relevant to understand pregnancy‐related symphyseal pain. Clin. Anat. 27:1058–1067, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrocatalytic SiC Nanoparticles/PEDOT:PSS Composite Thin Films as the Counter Electrodes of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Tsai Yu‐Lin , Li Chun‐Ting , Huang Tzu‐Yen , Lee Chi‐Ta , Lin Chen‐Yang , Chu Chih‐Wei , Vittal R. , Ho Kuo‐Chuan
Published: June 2014

The front cover artwork is provided by Professor Kuo‐Chuan Ho’s Electro‐optical Materials Lab at the Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University. The image shows a Pt‐free composite of silicon carbide nanoparticles/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (SiC‐NPs/PEDOT:PSS) as the counter electrode in a dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC), which has a good electrocatalytic ability for I‐/I3‐. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/celc.201300242.
Nonlinear semisupervised principal component regression for soft sensor modeling and its mixture form
Authors: Ge Zhiqiang , Huang Biao , Song Zhihuan
Published: June 2014

Compared with daily recorded process variables that can be easily obtained through the distributed control system, acquirements of key quality variables are much more difficult. As a result, for soft sensor development, we may only have a small number of output data samples and have much more input data samples. In this case, it is important to incorporate more input data samples to improve the modeling performance of the soft sensor. On the basis of the semisupervised modeling method, this paper aims to extend the linear semisupervised soft sensor to the nonlinear one, with incorporation of the kernel learning algorithm. Under the probabilistic modeling framework, a mixture form of the nonlinear semisupervised soft sensor is developed in the present work. To evaluate the performance of the developed nonlinear semisupervised soft sensor, an industrial case study is provided. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting New Ugi–Smiles Couplings: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Ramozzi Romain , Chéron Nicolas , El Kaïm Laurent , Grimaud Laurence , Fleurat‐Lessard Paul
Published: June 2014

Following our previous mechanistic studies of multicomponent Ugi‐type reactions, theoretical calculations have been performed to predict the efficiency of new substrates in Ugi–Smiles couplings. First, as predicted, 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol experimentally gave the corresponding aryl‐imidate. Theoretical predictions of nitrosophenols as good acidic partners were then successfully confirmed by experiments. In the latter case, the reaction offers a new access to benzimidazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: High ZT in p‐Type (PbTe)1‐2x(PbSe)x(PbS)x Thermoelectric Materials.
Authors: Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , et al. et al.
Published: June 2014

Pseudoternary Na‐doped (2 at.%) (PbTe)1‐2x(PbSe)x(PbS)x (x: 0.02, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1, and 0.12) compounds are obtained from stoichiometric melts of the elements (evacuated silica tube, 1000 °C, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Tailoring Nanostructures in Micrometer Size Germanium Particles to Improve Their Performance as an Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries.
Authors: Ke Fu‐Sheng , Mishra Kuber , Jamison Lauryn , Peng Xin‐Xing , Ma Shu‐Guo , Huang Ling , Sun Shi‐Gang , Zhou Xiao‐Dong
Published: June 2014

A facile and scalable single‐step approach is employed to prepare a bulk Ge electrode material from GeO2 powder by thermal reduction in H2 (300—600 °C, 10 h, 1 bar H2 pressure).
ChemInform Abstract: Li Intercalation into 1D TiS2(en) Chains.
Authors: Li Tianyang , Liu Yi‐Hsin , Chitara Basant , Goldberger Joshua E.
Published: June 2014

Hybrid organic/inorganic van der Waals solid TiS2(en) is prepared by solvothermal reaction of a sulfur solution in en mixed with a TiCl4 solution in PhCl (Teflon cup in evacuated Parr reactor, 200—220 °C, 5 d) followed by purification via repeated recrystallization of the gel‐like product and centrifugation.
ChemInform Abstract: General Strategy for Zero‐Valent Intercalation into Two‐Dimensional Layered Nanomaterials.
Authors: Motter Janina P. , Koski Kristie J. , Cui Yi
Published: June 2014

High densities of copper (up to 55 at.%) are intercalated into two‐dimensional nanomaterials such as MoO3, Sb2O3, In2Se3, and GaSe leading to Cu0.12MoO3, Cu0.88Sb2O3, Cu2.14In2Se3, and Cu2.34GaSe, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Electronic Properties of the CaRE3SbO4 and Ca2RE8Sb3O10 Phases (RE = Rare‐Earth Metal).
Authors: Forbes Scott , Yuan Fang , Saparov Bayrammurad , Sefat Athena S. , Kosuda Kosuke , Kolodiazhnyi Taras , Mozharivskyj Yurij
Published: June 2014

The new phases CaLn3SbO4 (Ln: Ce—Nd, Sm—Dy) and Ca2Ln8Sb3O10 (Ln: La—Nd, Sm—Dy) are prepared from stoichiometric amounts of CaO, Ln2O3, and LnSb (Ta ampules, induction furnace, 1300—1600 °C, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Phase Stability Relations of a LiNbO3‐Type Polar Titanate ZnTiO3 and Its Reinforced Polarity by the Second‐Order Jahn—Teller Effect.
Authors: Inaguma Yoshiyuki , Aimi Akihisa , Shirako Yuichi , Sakurai Daichi , Mori Daisuke , Kojitani Hiroshi , Akaogi Masaki , Nakayama Masanobu
Published: June 2014

Polar ZnTiO3 with LiNbO3‐type structure (LN‐type) is prepared from ilmenite‐type ZnTiO3 (multianvil press, 1000 °C, 7.5 GPa, 30 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Redox Studies of α1‐ and α2‐Isomers of Mono‐Ru‐Substituted Dawson‐Type Phosphotungstates with a DMSO Ligand: [α1/α2‐P2W17 O61RuII(DMSO)]8—.
Authors: Ogo Shuhei , Shimizu Noriko , Nishiki Kensuke , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Mizuta Tsutomu , Sano Tsuneji , Sadakane Masahiro
Published: June 2014

Both α1‐ and α2‐isomers of mono‐Ru‐substituted Dawson‐type heteropolytungstates with DMSO as ligands are isolated in pure form and characterized by single crystal XRD, IR, NMR, and UV/VIS spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and cyclic voltammetry.
ChemInform Abstract: From Waste Biomass to Solid Support: Lignosulfonate as a Cost‐Effective and Renewable Supporting Material for Catalysis.
Authors: Sun Shaohuan , Bai Rongxian , Gu Yanlong
Published: June 2014

Several applications of lignosulfonate generated catalysts are demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐Controlled Pentadienylation of Sulfinylimines by Pentadienyltin Reagent. Efficient Lewis Acid Activation of 4‐Methoxyphenylsulfinyl Imines.
Authors: Nishigaichi Yutaka , Tsuruta Shinji , Uenaga Kenji , Awamura Tomohiko , Iwamoto Hidetoshi , Takuwa Akio
Published: June 2014

In the presence of TmsOTf mainly ε‐adducts are obtained whereas InCl3 gives the corresponding γ‐adducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Redox‐Neutral Cyclization of Alkenes via C—H Activation
Authors: Shi Zhuangzhi , Boultadakis‐Arapinis Melissa , Koester Dennis C. , Glorius Frank
Published: June 2014

leading to a variety of fused multicyclic lactams of biological interest
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Redox‐Neutral C—H Amination with Amidoximes.
Authors: Chen Hui , Chiba Shunsuke
Published: June 2014

Dihydroimidazoles (II) and (IV) are formed via sp3 C—H amination of N‐alkylamidoximes (I) and (III).
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Protocol for Regioselective Ring‐Opening of Sulfonyl Aziridines with Iodine Promoted by PPh3.
Authors: Zhang Jinfeng , Meng Lingguo , Li Chuntao , Xiao Guoyuan
Published: June 2014

A new route for the synthesis of β‐iodoamines (II) via a highly efficient and chemoselective ring opening of aziridines with iodine is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Methodology for in situ Protection of Aldehydes and Ketones Using Trimethylsilyl Trifluoromethanesulfonate and Phosphines: Selective Alkylation and Reduction of Ketones, Esters, Amides, and Nitriles.
Authors: Yahata Kenzo , Minami Masaki , Yoshikawa Yuki , Watanabe Kei , Fujioka Hiromichi
Published: June 2014

A new methodology for the selective reduction and alkylation of carbonyl nitrile groups in substrates also bearing more reactive aldehyde or ketone moieties is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Metal‐Free Si—N Cross‐Dehydrocoupling.
Authors: Greb Lutz , Tamke Sergej , Paradies Jan
Published: June 2014

The dehydrocoupling of hydrosilanes with anilines, carbazoles and indoles is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Hydration of Non‐activated Terminal Olefins Using Tandem Catalysts.
Authors: Yang Yongsheng , Guo Jiayi , Ng Huimin , Chen Zhiyong , Teo Peili
Published: June 2014

A tandem Pd(II)/Ru(II) catalyst system allows for the highly regioselective hydration of a broad range of olefins, including substituted styrenes and aliphatic olefins with various functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Titanium‐Mediated Aldol Reactions of a Chiral Lactate‐Derived Ethyl Ketone with Ketones.
Authors: Alcoberro Sandra , Gomez‐Palomino Alejandro , Sola Ricard , Romea Pedro , Urpi Felix , Font‐Bardia Merce
Published: June 2014

The title reaction proceeds in a very efficient and stereocontrolled manner provided that a further equivalent of TiCl4 is added to the reacting mixture.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Route for the Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Fluoroalkenes.
Authors: Cao Chun‐Ru , Ou Song , Jiang Min , Liu Jin‐Tao
Published: June 2014

Instead of the benzothiazole‐2‐sulfonyl (Btz) group a phenyl‐1H‐tetrazole‐5‐sulfonyl group can be used as the leaving group for the olefination reaction as well.
ChemInform Abstract: “Sulfolefin”: A Mixed Sulfinamido‐Olefin Ligand in Enantioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Trifluoromethyl Ketones.
Authors: Valdivia Victoria , Fernandez Inmaculada , Khiar Noureddine
Published: June 2014

Rh‐catalyzed enantioselective arylation of trifluoromethyl ketones with arylboronic acids is achieved by employing a chiral sulfinamido‐olefin ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Cleavage of Aromatic gem‐Disubstituted Alkenes to Carbonyl Compounds under Neutral and Mild Conditions.
Authors: Hossain Md. Munkir , Shyu Shin‐Guang
Published: June 2014

The process involves the formation of 2‐hydroperoxytetrahydrofuran which is proposed to be the real oxidant in the alkane cleavage reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylation/Elimination from Azetidinium Ylides: An Entry to Functionalized Acrylonitriles.
Authors: Lo Cheikh , David Olivier , Couty Francois
Published: June 2014

A one‐pot two‐step sequence for the synthesis of acrylonitriles involving alkylation of azetidinium ylides followed by regioselective Hofmann elimination is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Chan—Lam Coupling Between Sulfonyl Azides and Boronic Acids at Room Temperature.
Authors: Moon Soo‐Yeon , Nam Jungsoo , Rathwell Kris , Kim Won‐Suk
Published: June 2014

An efficient coupling of a variety of sulfonyl azides with arylboronic acids proceeds in the presence of CuCl as catalyst and gives generally good yields of the corresponding N‐aryl sulfonamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed ortho‐Arylation of Acetanilides with Aromatic Boronic Acids: An Easy Route to Prepare Phenanthridines and Carbazoles.
Authors: Chinnagolla Ravi Kiran , Jeganmohan Masilamani
Published: June 2014

A wide range of ortho‐arylated acetanilides is prepared tolerating various functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of 6‐Methoxy‐ and 6‐Dimethylamino‐1‐methylthio‐ and 1,3‐Bis(methylthio)azulenes and Triflic Anhydride‐Mediated Synthesis of Their Biaryl Derivatives.
Authors: Shoji Taku , Maruyama Akifumi , Maruyama Mitsuhisa , Ito Shunji , Okujima Tetsuo , Higashi Junya , Toyota Kozo , Morita Noboru
Published: June 2014

The synthesis of 1‐methylthio‐ and 1,3‐bis(methylthio)azulenes with an electron‐donating group at the 6‐position as well as their transformation into the corresponding novel 1,1′‐bisazulene derivatives [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Transalkylation of Higher Trifluoromethylated Fullerenes with C70: A Pathway to New Addition Patterns of C70(CF3)8.
Authors: Belov Nikita M. , Apenova Marina G. , Rybalchenko Alexey V. , Borkovskaya Eugenia V. , Lukonina Natalia S. , Goryunkov Alexey A. , Ioffe Ilya N. , Troyanov Sergey I. , Sidorov Lev N.
Published: June 2014

Three novel isomers of C70(CF3)8, which are structurally related to p7mp‐C70(CF3)10, are isolated by the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Benzoyl‐ and Arenesulfonylimines of Methyl Trifluoropyruvate in the Cyclocondensation Reaction with Acetylacetone.
Authors: Sokolov V. B. , Aksinenko A. Yu. , Epishina T. A. , Goreva T. V. , Martynov I. V.
Published: June 2014

Et3N‐catalyzed cyclocondensation of imines (I) with acetylacetone provides dihydrofuranones (III) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Enamides and Alkynes for Synthesis of Substituted Pyrroles.
Authors: Zhao Mi‐Na , Ren Zhi‐Hui , Wang Yao‐Yu , Guan Zheng‐Hui
Published: June 2014

The method is only applicable to aryl‐substituted enamides, whereas aliphatic ones do not react.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Direct C—H Alkylation of NH Indoles and Pyrroles by a Palladium/Norbornene‐Cocatalyzed Process.
Authors: Jiao Lei , Bach Thorsten
Published: June 2014

This method provides alkylation products which are not readily available by conventional synthetic methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Versatile Oxidative Approach to Carbazoles and Related Compounds Using MoCl5.
Authors: Trosien Simon , Boettger Philipp , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: June 2014

Oxidative intramolecular coupling of tertiary amines with at least two electron‐rich arenes gives carbazoles in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Free Synthesis of N‐(1‐Alkenyl)imidazoles by Potassium Phosphate‐Promoted Addition Reaction of Alkynes to Imidazoles.
Authors: Lu Linhua , Yan Hong , Liu Defu , Rong Guangwei , Mao Jincheng
Published: June 2014

In contrast to the examined heterocyclic amines, aliphatic amines such as morpholine and diisopropylamine as well as aniline do not react under the investigated conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unprecedented Ring Transformation of a 4‐(Aminomethyl)oxazoline Derivative to a 4‐(Hydroxymethyl)imidazoline.
Authors: Schulz Marvin , Christoffers Jens
Published: June 2014

An optically active 4‐(azidomethyl)‐2‐(2‐pyridyl)oxazoline (III) is prepared starting from L‐serine methyl ester and picolinic acid via a 7‐step sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Reaction of 2‐(2‐Aroylvinyl)cinnamaldehydes with α,β‐Unsaturated Imines: An Efficient Method for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Indane Derivatives.
Authors: Tang Ming‐Sheng , Zhao Yuan , Cheng Ying
Published: June 2014

The title reaction yields indenopyranones (III) and (VI) in good yields and with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Silyl‐Protected Dioxaborinanes: Application in the Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Goggins Sean , Rosevere Eleanor , Bellini Clement , Allen Joseph C. , Marsh Barrie J. , Mahon Mary F. , Frost Christopher G.
Published: June 2014

The synthesis of a wide range of column‐ and bench‐stable silyl‐protected dioxaborinanes (IV) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Access to α‐Carbolines via a One‐Pot Tandem Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones with 2‐Nitrophenylacetonitrile and the anti‐Proliferative Activities of the Products.
Authors: Zhang Xiaofei , He Qian , Xiang Haoyue , Song Shanshan , Miao Zehong , Yang Chunhao
Published: June 2014

A variety of α‐carbolines is readily prepared by reaction of 2‐nitrophenylacetonitrile with chromones (I) or benzylidene acetones (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling of 2,5‐Bis(chloromethylidene)‐1,4‐dithiane with Phenylacetylene as an Example of Preparation of Symmetric Bridging Bisenyne Compounds.
Authors: Martynov A. V. , Makhaeva N. A. , Amosova S. V.
Published: June 2014

Bisenyne (III) is obtained with complete E,E‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Regioselective C—C Bond Cleavage in 1,3,5‐Triazine Derivatives of β‐Diketones.
Authors: Kopylovich Maximilian N. , Mahmudov Kamran T. , Haukka Matti , Pombeiro Armando J. L.
Published: June 2014

The reaction of cyanuric chloride (I) with 3 equivalents of ketones (II) in the presence of 3 equivalents of KOH affords adducts (IV), which are converted into deacylated derivatives (III) by treatment with aqueous HCl solution in MeOH.
ChemInform Abstract: A New and Efficient Route for the Synthesis of Alkynyl Functionalized Silicon Derivatives.
Authors: Kownacki Ireneusz , Orwat Bartosz , Marciniec Bogdan , Kownacka Agnieszka
Published: June 2014

The iridium catalyzed coupling of terminal alkynes with iodosilanes gives various arylethynylene substituted silicon derivatives including products containing reactive functional groups such as (IIIc) and (IIId).
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Reusable Catalyst, Ultrasound Energy, and No Solvent: A Quick and Green Recipe for One‐Pot Synthesis of β‐Phosphonomalononitriles at Room Temperature.
Authors: Dar Bashir Ahmad , Pandey Nalini , Singh Snehil , Bamezai R. K. , Sharma Meena , Vishwakarma Ram A. , Singh Baldev
Published: June 2014

Replacement of aldehydes (I) by ketones or of malonitrile (II) by malonate derivatives yields the corresponding products only in trace amounts.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation, Characterization, and NMR Spectroscopic Data of Indole and Oxindole Alkaloids from Mitragyna speciosa.
Authors: Ali Zulfiqar , Demiray Hatice , Khan Ikhlas A.
Published: June 2014

The new alkaloids, 7β‐hydroxy‐7H‐mitraciliatine (I) and isospecciofoleine (II), are isolated and characterized together with nine known alkaloids.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Dimerization of Pyrrolidinoindoline Scaffolds: Systematic Access to Chimonanthines, Folicanthines and (+)‐WIN 64821.
Authors: Wada Mitsuhiro , Murata Takahisa , Oikawa Hideaki , Oguri Hiroki
Published: June 2014

An alternative catalytic protocol for the dimerization of tertiary alkyl bromides using manganese as reductant is developed and applied to the total synthesis of dimeric alkaloids such as chimonanthine (V), folicanthine (VI) and the potent substance P antagonist (+)‐WIN 64821 (IX) is also reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Tuning Crystal Facets of Polyhedral Cuprous Oxide Architectures
Authors: Sun Shaodong , Yang Zhimao
Published: June 2014

Review: 169 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of Graphene/Metal Oxide Composites as Photocatalysts, Adsorbents and Disinfectants in Water Treatment: A Review
Authors: Upadhyay Ravi Kant , Soin Navneet , Roy Susanta Sinha
Published: June 2014

Review: 319 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Surface Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts Using ToF‐SIMS
Authors: Weng Lu‐Tao
Published: June 2014

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Host Molecules Obtained by Dynamic Adaptive Chemistry
Authors: Matache Mihaela , Bogdan Elena , Hadade Niculina D.
Published: June 2014

Review: [162 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Catalytic Routes to Dialkyl Peroxides and Oxaziridines
Authors: Della Sala Giorgio , Lattanzi Alessandra
Published: June 2014

Review: 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Functionalization of Alkanes under Dioxygen in the Presence of Homogeneous Noble Metal Catalysts
Authors: Chepaikin E. G.
Published: June 2014

Review: 132 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organoiridium Complexes: Anticancer Agents and Catalysts
Authors: Liu Zhe , Sadler Peter J.
Published: June 2014

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Applications of Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents in the Constructions of Heterocyclic Compounds Through Oxidative Coupling Reactions
Authors: Zheng Zi Sheng , Zhang‐Negrerie Daisy , Du Yun Fei , Zhao Kang
Published: June 2014

Review: 318 refs.