bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feminist Movement in Turkey in the 1990s
Authors: Makaradze Emzar , Phartenadze Natela
Published: October 2024

According to a feminism worldview, women should have economic, social, civil, political, and cultural rights. For this, women need to go a long, controversial and interesting path. On the one hand, they are aware of their place in society, in the state, and on the other hand, they are trying to change the cultural norms that cause oppression.
Turkey is the only country in which the majority of the population is Muslim, and at the same time, it is a candidate for EU membership. Turkey has managed to create a progress-oriented state. This is a well-planned and calculated path with predetermined steps, paved with the reforms of the founder of the republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–1938).
The problem of feminism is one of the most lively topics in republican Turkey. The processes taking place in the Ottoman Empire at the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century prepared a solid ground for further development of the feminist movement. On October 29, 1923, after Turkey was declared a republic, the feminist movement took a new direction.
The feminist movement in Turkey went through three periods. The first period includes the processes of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and “Europeanization”, which led to the advancement of the women’s problems to the fore and the active struggle for the rights and place of educated Ottoman women in society. The second period was determined by the civil law on the participation of women in elections, adopted in republican Turkey in 1926. And the third one was the period of the 1990s, when the feminist movement became more widespread and active. Feminist policies have been founded and carried out, the role of women in government structures has increased; feminist organizations were created in Istanbul, Ankara and Antalya, etc.
In the 1990s, the movement of Muslim feminists, Islamist women, known as “Islamic feminism”, became active in Turkey. After the creation of the republic in Turkey, religious associations came under the direct subordination and control of the state. There have been prepared various projects to solve women’s problems. Centers for the study of women’s issues have been opened at universities. For the first time, women spoke openly about sexual freedom, etc.
Venecia, sueño y fenómeno (arquitectónico), aún.
Authors: Canterla Rufino María del Pilar
Published: October 2024

La ciudad de Venecia es un escenario mítico, donde la experiencia es foco de la producción literaria, artística y arquitectónica sobre la ciudad. La luz juega un papel crucial en la comprensión y representación de sus espacios, siendo inspiración de artistas —como Turner o Monet— que trataron de capturar su esencia, representando no solo una realidad física, sino también estados emocionales y psicológicos. Una miríada de escenarios que se repiten en la mayoría de las representaciones sobre la ciudad y que nos hace pensar cómo un mismo hecho puede materializarse una infinidad de veces aún bajo modalidades distintas, creando una especie de sueño colectivo a través de una percepción exclusivamente sensorial sobre Venecia. Salirse de ese sueño implica romper una barrera cultural importante y desafiar la noción tradicional del sujeto como un mero observador pasivo. Un paso que tomar para repensar la ciudad y alejarse de una realidad que ya se agota y es inundada por clichés y sentimentalismo. Este artículo explorará una posibilidad de extender la vigencia de la fenomenología heideggeriana para el pensamiento arquitectónico precisamente por la capacidad de esta ciudad véneta de aportar síntomas de contemporaneidad aún en su larga decadencia.
La construcción de un discurso teórico argumental sobre la obra de Eladio Dieste, pe-queña muestra hermenéutica aplicada en el campo disciplinar de la arquitectura.
Authors: Ferraz-Leite Ludzik Alejandro
Published: October 2024

Este artículo publica parte de los resultados de un trabajo posdoctoral de investigación y de extensión universitaria que, en esencia, constituye una acción hermenéutica aplicada en el campo disciplinar de la arquitectura. Se trata de la elaboración del discurso de justificación del valor universal excepcional de la Iglesia de Atlántida. Obra de Eladio Dieste. Con este discurso Uruguay, como estado parte de la UNESCO, postuló la obra para integrar la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial y finalmente consiguió su inscripción. En su primera parte, establece el marco teórico metodológico necesario para fundamentar y hacer las consideraciones necesarias para explicar y argumentar que el proceso de elaboración de este discurso ha sido esencialmente una acción hermenéutica, apoyado principalmente en Grondin, Gadamer y Ricoeur. En su desarrollo expone sin alteraciones el discurso propiamente dicho, que hasta ahora permanece inédito, al mismo tiempo que expone una buena obra de arquitectura. Finalmente, sin pretender una conclusión cerrada, ofrece algunas consideraciones a modo de desenlace, revisando el texto elaborado y el proceso realizado, desde la teoría de la formatividad de Pareyson y con los principios del humanismo que caracteriza la filosofía hermenéutica.
TRANSCENDING THE LIMITATIONS OF NINETEENTH-CENTURY WOMEN’S DOMESTIC SPHERE AND FICTION: ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS’S CONTRIBUTION
Authors: NARBONA CARRIÓN MARÍA DOLORES
Published: October 2024

Nineteenth-century literature written by women has traditionally been associated exclusively with the domestic space. Most upper middle-class white women of that period were similarly confined within the limits of their home environments. However, this article critically examines and questions the sometimes too hermetic interpretations of the role that the domestic realm played in the lives and literary works of nineteenth-century women writers. Specifically, it portrays how Elizabeth Stuart Phelps (1844-1911), instead of assuming submissively those domestic restrictions, strove to transcend them and shared her innovative initiatives with her contemporary women through her writings. To achieve this objective, this work analyses new female attitudes and the actual houses and domestic environments inhabited by Phelps and some of her female characters. It focuses on how they endeavoured to escape from these settings or to transform them into contexts that might favour their professional lives, instead of passively accepting them as inevitable obstacles to their true vocations.
Towarzystwo Kursów Naukowych 1978-1980: Monografia i dokumenty
Authors: Kunicki-Goldfinger Marek
Published: October 2024

SOCIETY FOR ACADEMIC COURSES 1978-1980 This book is divided into two main parts: the first, presented by the publisher as an original monograph, and the second, a collection of documents. The book explores the foundation, operation, and history of a state-independent institution established in communist Poland in January 1978 to defend fundamental human rights, including freedom of conscience, thought, expression, science, and education. This institution was named the Towarzystwo Kursów Naukowych [Society for Academic Courses], referencing the tradition of a similar organisation that existed in partitioned Poland when, during a brief period of liberalisation following the 1905 Revolution, the Russian authorities allowed such an institution to operate legally in the so-called Kingdom of Poland.
Value-Positivity for Matrix Games
Authors: Chatterjee Krishnendu , Oliu-Barton Miquel , Saona Raimundo
Published: October 2024

Matrix games are the most basic model in game theory, and yet robustness with respect to small perturbations of the matrix entries is not fully understood. In this paper, we introduce value positivity and uniform value positivity, two properties that refine the notion of optimality in the context of polynomially perturbed matrix games. The first concept captures how the value depends on the perturbation parameter, and the second consists of the existence of a fixed strategy that guarantees the value of the unperturbed matrix game for every sufficiently small positive parameter. We provide polynomial-time algorithms to check whether a polynomially perturbed matrix game satisfies these properties. We further provide the functional form for a parameterized optimal strategy and the value function. Finally, we translate our results to linear programming and stochastic games, where value positivity is related to the existence of robust solutions.

Funding: This research was supported by Fondation CFM pour la Recherche, the H2020 European Research Council [Grant ERC-CoG-863818 (ForM-SMArt)], the Austrian Science Fund [Grant 10.55776/COE12], ANID Chile [Grant ACT210005], and Agence Nationale de la Recherche [Grant ANR-21-CE40-0020].
Stochastic Control Problems with State Reflections Arising from Relaxed Benchmark Tracking
Authors: Bo Lijun , Huang Yijie , Yu Xiang
Published: October 2024

This paper studies stochastic control problems motivated by optimal consumption with wealth benchmark tracking. The benchmark process is modeled by a combination of a geometric Brownian motion and a running maximum process, indicating its increasing trend in the long run. We consider a relaxed tracking formulation such that the wealth compensated by the injected capital always dominates the benchmark process. The stochastic control problem is to maximize the expected utility of consumption deducted by the cost of the capital injection under the dynamic floor constraint. By introducing two auxiliary state processes with reflections, an equivalent auxiliary control problem is formulated and studied, which leads to the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation with two Neumann boundary conditions. We establish the existence of a unique classical solution to the dual partial differential equation using some novel probabilistic representations involving the local time of some dual processes together with a tailor-made decomposition-homogenization technique. The proof of the verification theorem on the optimal feedback control can be carried out by some stochastic flow analysis and technical estimations of the optimal control.

Funding: L. Bo and Y. Huang are supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 12471451], the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi [Grant 2023-JC-JQ-05], the Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics [Grant 23JSZ010], and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [Grant 20199235177]. X. Yu is supported by the Hong Kong RGC General Research Fund (GRF) [Grant 15304122] and the Research Centre for Quantitative Finance at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University [Grant P0042708].
Delay, Destruction, and Deception: The Greenwashing of the Japanese Government and Companies
Authors: Asuka Jusen
Published: October 2024

Green washingis prevalentin Japan as enacted by the Japanese Government, fossil fuel companies and utility companies. The Japanese government plans to spend more than 150 trillion yen (approximately 1 trillion U.S. dollar) as the total climate change related investment for the next ten years. However, the governmental plan is, alongside the big utility companies, to keep the existing energy system as long as possible because big utility companies’ main assets are still fossil fuel-fired power plants and nuclear power plants. So, combustion of ammonia/hydrogen with fossil fuel power plants and carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) are supposed to play big roles in the governmental plan. Japan’s CO2 emission target for 2030 is not sufficient for the Paris Agreement target, and what’s more is that the current governmental climate policy is not even stringent enough to meet their insufficient target. However, the government claims that Japan’s target is consistent with the Paris Agreement and Japan is on track for achieving it. Automobile companies such as Toyota are lagging behind international competition’s work on electric vehicles, stating that there are various ways of achieving decarbonization to justify their backwardness.This situation will negatively impact the Japanese industries as a whole.
Spain’s Vox and the “Climate Culture Wars”: The Role of Political Influencers on YouTube
Authors: de Nadal Lluis
Published: October 2024

Climate change is emerging as a central battleground in the culture wars, with YouTube as one of its key arenas. This chapter focuses on the “Alternative Influence Network” (Lewis, 2018) surrounding Spain’s right-wing populist party Vox, exploring how YouTube political influencers spread climate misinformation.Thematic analysis reveals a trend towards “post-denial” narratives that critique climate policy and the environmental movement, often through conspiracy theories and misogynistic undertones. These narratives intertwine with broader cultural conflicts, spanning from feminism and anti-racism to environmentalism. Amidst escalating opposition to green policies, the study sheds light on how these climate narratives deepen “us” versus “them” divides and conjure up feelings of resentment among young white males who see rapid cultural changes as threats to their traditional dominance and privilege. However, it also identifies potential common ground around shared environmental values and benefits like clean air.
Um estudo comparativo de simuladores para sistemas distribuídos
Authors: Queiroz Gabriel Fontes Carvalho de , Couto Rodrigo de Souza , Sztajnberg Alexandre
Published: October 2024

Conforme as redes de computadores se tornaram maiores e mais complexas, sempre lidando com maiores tráfegos e aplicações de alto esforço computacional, os sistemas distribuídos surgiram como uma forma de partilhar os recursos necessários por diversas entidades e executar tarefas em diferentes estações. Muitas soluções foram desenvolvidas, como a computação em nuvem, as grades, os clusters e as redes par-a-par (P2P). No entanto, projetar tais redes envolve custos maiores, o que torna interessante a utilização de simuladores para verificar as decisões de planejamento. Sendo assim, este trabalho se endereça a diferentes ambientes de simulação e suas características, realizando um estudo comparativo de suas funcionalidades. Conforme as redes de computadores se tornaram maiores e mais complexas, sempre lidando com maiores tráfegos e aplicações de alto esforço computacional, os sistemas distribuídos surgiram como uma forma de partilhar os recursos necessários por diversas entidades e executar tarefas em diferentes estações. Muitas soluções foram desenvolvidas, como a computação em nuvem, as grades, os clusters e as redes par-a-par (P2P). No entanto, projetar tais redes envolve custos maiores, o que torna interessante a utilização de simuladores para verificar as decisões de planejamento. Sendo assim, este trabalho se endereça a diferentes ambientes de simulação e suas características, realizando um estudo comparativo de suas funcionalidades.
Posterior tooth anatomy: wax carving. Part 1
Authors: Mackenzie Louis
Published: October 2024

This series describes step-by-step wax carving guides, developed over a 14-year period, to teach three dimensional tooth anatomy to undergraduate students at the University of Birmingham's school of dentistry. The carving sequences have also been extensively used in postgraduate training courses, designed to help experienced clinicians master dental anatomy for practical application in restorative procedures.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Knowledge and understanding of posterior tooth anatomy is a key skill in dentistry.
A reflective case study: Preparing for an NMC approval event
Authors: Elliott Helen , Frostick Theresa , Tolhurst Deborah
Published: October 2024

This article describes a process to develop a new specialist community public health nursing programme for approval by the Nursing and Midwifery Council, with the outcome a significant and positive event for the whole team
Improving inhaler technique and adherence in children
Authors: Duncan Debbie
Published: October 2024

Inhalers are an essential part of the management of asthma in children and young people, however, technique and adherence are often poor. It is essential to improve these through adequate education and training. This article looks at possible reasons behind errors in inhaler use and strategies health professionals can put in place to remedy these, including repeated education, using multiple training formats, and patient involvement.
The importance of being an ‘ambulance driver’
Authors: Workman Ellie
Published: October 2024

In her last and final student column, Ellie Workman reflects on how integral the role of ‘ambulance driver’ remains to the modern paramedic
Pre- and postoperative Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee classification and its impact on clinical outcomes in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Konishi Toshiki , Hamai Satoshi , Tsushima Hidetoshi , Kawahara Shinya , Akasaki Yukio , Yamate Satoshi , Ayukawa Shuhei , Nakashima Yasuharu
Published: October 2024

Aims

The Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification has been developed to predict individual variations in inherent knee alignment. The impact of preoperative and postoperative CPAK classification phenotype on the postoperative clinical outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains elusive. This study aimed to examine the effect of postoperative CPAK classification phenotypes (I to IX), and their pre- to postoperative changes on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Methods

A questionnaire was administered to 340 patients (422 knees) who underwent primary TKA for osteoarthritis (OA) between September 2013 and June 2019. A total of 231 patients (284 knees) responded. The ­Knee Society Score 2011 (KSS 2011), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-12 (KOOS-12), and Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12) were used to assess clinical outcomes. Using preoperative and postoperative anteroposterior full-leg radiographs, the arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle (aHKA) and joint line obliquity (JLO) were calculated and classified based on the CPAK classification. To investigate the impact on PROMs, multivariable regression analyses using stepwise selection were conducted, considering factors such as age at surgery, time since surgery, BMI, sex, implant use, postoperative aHKA classification, JLO classification, and changes in aHKA and JLO classifications from preoperative to postoperative.

Results

The preoperative and postoperative CPAK classifications were predominantly phenotype I (155 knees; 55%) and phenotype V (73 knees; 26%), respectively. The change in the preoperative to postoperative aHKA classification was a significant negative predictive factor for KOOS-12 and FJS-12, while postoperative apex proximal JLO was a significant negative predictive factor for KSS 2011 and KOOS-12.

Conclusion

In primary TKA for OA, preoperative and postoperative CPAK phenotypes were associated with PROMs. Alteration in varus/valgus alignment from preoperative to postoperative was recognized as a negative predictive factor for both KOOS-12 and FJS-12. Moreover, the postoperative apex proximal JLO was identified as a negative factor for KSS 2011 and KOOS-12. Determining the target alignment for each preoperative phenotype with reproducibility could improve PROMs.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(10):1059–1066.
Predicting recurrence of instability after a primary traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation
Authors: Makaram Navnit S. , Becher Hannes , Oag Erlend , Heinz Nicholas R. , McCann Conor J. , Mackenzie Samuel P. , Robinson C. M.
Published: October 2024

Aims

The risk factors for recurrent instability (RI) following a primary traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation (PTASD) remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the rate of RI in a large cohort of patients managed nonoperatively after PTASD and to develop a clinical prediction model.

Methods

A total of 1,293 patients with PTASD managed nonoperatively were identified from a trauma database (mean age 23.3 years (15 to 35); 14.3% female). We assessed the prevalence of RI, and used multivariate regression modelling to evaluate which demographic- and injury-related factors were independently predictive for its occurrence.

Results

The overall rate of RI at a mean follow-up of 34.4 months (SD 47.0) was 62.8% (n = 812), with 81.0% (n = 658) experiencing their first recurrence within two years of PTASD. The median time for recurrence was 9.8 months (IQR 3.9 to 19.4). Independent predictors increasing risk of RI included male sex (p < 0.001), younger age at PTASD (p < 0.001), participation in contact sport (p < 0.001), and the presence of a bony Bankart (BB) lesion (p = 0.028). Greater tuberosity fracture (GTF) was protective (p < 0.001). However, the discriminative ability of the resulting predictive model for two-year risk of RI was poor (area under the curve (AUC) 0.672). A subset analysis excluding identifiable radiological predictors of BB and GTF worsened the predictive ability (AUC 0.646).

Conclusion

This study clarifies the prevalence and risk factors for RI following PTASD in a large, unselected patient cohort. Although these data permitted the development of a predictive tool for RI, its discriminative ability was poor. Predicting RI remains challenging, and as-yet-undetermined risk factors may be important in determining the risk.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(10):1111–1117.
Characterization of articular lesions associated with glenohumeral instability using arthroscopy
Authors: Luengo-Alonso Gonzalo , Valencia Maria , Martinez-Catalan Natalia , Delgado Cristina , Calvo Emilio
Published: October 2024

Aims

The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) associated with instability of the shoulder ranges between 4% and 60%. Articular cartilage is, however, routinely assessed in these patients using radiographs or scans (2D or 3D), with little opportunity to record early signs of cartilage damage. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and localization of chondral lesions and synovial damage in patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery for instablility of the shoulder, in order to classify them and to identify risk factors for the development of glenohumeral OA.

Methods

A total of 140 shoulders in 140 patients with a mean age of 28.5 years (15 to 55), who underwent arthroscopic treatment for recurrent glenohumeral instability, were included. The prevalence and distribution of chondral lesions and synovial damage were analyzed and graded into stages according to the division of the humeral head and glenoid into quadrants. The following factors that might affect the prevalence and severity of chondral damage were recorded: sex, dominance, age, age at the time of the first dislocation, number of dislocations, time between the first dislocation and surgery, preoperative sporting activity, Beighton score, type of instability, and joint laxity.

Results

A total of 133 patients (95%) had synovial or chondral lesions. At the time of surgery, shoulders were graded as having mild, moderate, and severe OA in 55 (39.2%), 72 (51.4%), and six (4.2%) patients, respectively. A Hill-Sachs lesion and fibrillation affecting the anteroinferior glenoid cartilage were the most common findings. There was a significant positive correlation between the the severity of the development of glenohumeral OA and the patient’s age, their age at the time of the first dislocation, and the number of dislocations (p = 0.004, p = 0.011, and p = 0.031, respectively).

Conclusion

Synovial inflammation and chondral damage associated with instability of the shoulder are more prevalent than previously reported. The classification using quadrants gives surgeons more information about the chondral damage, and could explain the pattern of development of glenohumeral OA after stabilization of the shoulder. As the number of dislocations showed a positive correlation with the development of OA, this might be an argument for early stabilization.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(10):1125–1132.
Preoperative patient-reported outcome measures predict minimal clinically important difference and patient-acceptable symptomatic state following arthroscopic Bankart repair
Authors: Long Yi , Zheng Zhen-Ze , Li Xin-Hao , Cui De-Dong , Deng Xing-Hao , Guo Jiang , Yang Rui
Published: October 2024

Aims

The aims of this study were to validate the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient-acceptable symptom state (PASS) thresholds for Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), Rowe score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores following arthroscopic Bankart repair, and to identify preoperative threshold values of these scores that could predict the achievement of MCID and PASS.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted on 131 consecutive patients with anterior shoulder instability who underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair between January 2020 and January 2023. Inclusion criteria required at least one episode of shoulder instability and a minimum follow-up period of 12 months. Preoperative and one-year postoperative scores were assessed. MCID and PASS were estimated using distribution-based and anchor-based methods, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis determined preoperative patient-reported outcome measure thresholds predictive of achieving MCID and PASS.

Results

MCID thresholds were determined as 169.6, 6.8, 7.2, and 1.1 for WOSI, Rowe, ASES, and VAS, respectively. PASS thresholds were calculated as ≤ 480, ≥ 80, ≥ 87, and ≤ 1 for WOSI, Rowe, ASES, and VAS, respectively. Preoperative thresholds of ≥ 760 (WOSI) and ≤ 50 (Rowe) predicted achieving MCID for WOSI score (p < 0.001). Preoperative thresholds of ≤ 60 (ASES) and ≥ 2 (VAS) predicted achieving MCID for VAS score (p < 0.001). A preoperative threshold of ≥ 40 (Rowe) predicted achieving PASS for Rowe score (p = 0.005). Preoperative thresholds of ≥ 50 (ASES; p = 0.002) and ≤ 2 (VAS; p < 0.001) predicted achieving PASS for the ASES score. Preoperative thresholds of ≥ 43 (ASES; p = 0.046) and ≤ 4 (VAS; p = 0.024) predicted achieving PASS for the VAS.

Conclusion

This study defined MCID and PASS values for WOSI, Rowe, ASES, and VAS scores in patients undergoing arthroscopic Bankart repair. Higher preoperative functional scores may reduce the likelihood of achieving MCID but increase the likelihood of achieving the PASS. These findings provide valuable guidance for surgeons to counsel patients realistically regarding their expectations.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(10):1118–1124.
Outcomes of arthroscopic stabilization for recurrent instability are equal to stabilization after a primary event
Authors: Saleem Jawaad , Rawi Ben , Arnander Magnus , Pearse Eyiyemi , Tennent Duncan
Published: October 2024

Aims

Extensive literature exists relating to the management of shoulder instability, with a more recent focus on glenoid and humeral bone loss. However, the optimal timing for surgery following a dislocation remains unclear. There is concern that recurrent dislocations may worsen subsequent surgical outcomes, with some advocating stabilization after the first dislocation. The aim of this study was to determine if the recurrence of instability following arthroscopic stabilization in patients without significant glenoid bone loss was influenced by the number of dislocations prior to surgery.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using the PubMed, EMBASE, Orthosearch, and Cochrane databases with the following search terms: ((shoulder or glenohumeral) and (dislocation or subluxation) and arthroscopic and (Bankart or stabilisation or stabilization) and (redislocation or re-dislocation or recurrence or instability)). Methodology followed the PRISMA guidelines. Data and outcomes were synthesized by two independent reviewers, and papers were assessed for bias and quality.

Results

Overall, 35 studies including 7,995 shoulders were eligible for analysis, with a mean follow-up of 32.7 months (12 to 159.5). The rate of post-stabilization instability was 9.8% in first-time dislocators, 9.1% in recurrent dislocators, and 8.5% in a mixed cohort. A descriptive analysis investigated the influence of recurrent instability or age in the risk of instability post-stabilization, with an association seen with increasing age and a reduced risk of recurrence post-stabilization.

Conclusion

Using modern arthroscopic techniques, patients sustaining an anterior shoulder dislocation without glenoid bone loss can expect a low risk of recurrence postoperatively, and no significant difference was found between first-time and recurrent dislocators. Furthermore, high-risk cohorts can expect a low, albeit slightly higher, rate of redislocation. With the findings of this study, patients and clinicians can be more informed as to the likely outcomes of arthroscopic stabilization within this patient subset.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(10):1141–1149.
Glenohumeral joint kinematics during apprehension-relocation test in patients with anterior shoulder instability and glenoid bone loss
Authors: Olsen Kipp Josephine , Petersen Emil T. , Falstie-Jensen Thomas , Frost Teilmann Johanne , Zejden Anna , Jellesen Åberg Rikke , de Raedt Sepp , Thillemann Theis M. , Stilling Maiken
Published: October 2024

Aims

This study aimed to quantify the shoulder kinematics during an apprehension-relocation test in patients with anterior shoulder instability (ASI) and glenoid bone loss using the radiostereometric analysis (RSA) method. Kinematics were compared with the patient’s contralateral healthy shoulder.

Methods

A total of 20 patients with ASI and > 10% glenoid bone loss and a healthy contralateral shoulder were included. RSA imaging of the patient’s shoulders was performed during a repeated apprehension-relocation test. Bone volume models were generated from CT scans, marked with anatomical coordinate systems, and aligned with the digitally reconstructed bone projections on the RSA images. The glenohumeral joint (GHJ) kinematics were evaluated in the anteroposterior and superoinferior direction of: the humeral head centre location relative to the glenoid centre; and the humeral head contact point location on the glenoid.

Results

During the apprehension test, the centre of the humeral head was 1.0 mm (95% CI 0.0 to 2.0) more inferior on the glenoid for the ASI shoulder compared with the healthy shoulder. Furthermore, the contact point of the ASI shoulder was 1.4 mm (95% CI 0.3 to 2.5) more anterior and 2.0 mm (95% CI 0.8 to 3.1) more inferior on the glenoid compared with the healthy shoulder. The contact point of the ASI shoulder was 1.2 mm (95% CI 0.2 to 2.6) more anterior during the apprehension test compared to the relocation test.

Conclusion

The humeral head centre was located more inferior, and the GHJ contact point was located both more anterior and inferior during the apprehension test for the ASI shoulders than the healthy shoulders. Furthermore, the contact point displacement between the apprehension and relocation test revealed increased joint laxity for the ASI shoulder than the healthy shoulders. These results contribute to existing knowledge that ASI shoulders with glenoid bone loss may also suffer from inferior shoulder instability.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(10):1133–1140.
Cochrane Corner
Authors: Marson Ben A.
Published: October 2024

The Cochrane Collaboration has produced three new reviews relevant to bone and joint surgery since the publication of the last Cochrane Corner. These are relevant to a wide range of musculoskeletal specialists, and include reviews in lateral elbow pain, osteoarthritis of the big toe joint, and cervical spine injury in paediatric trauma patients.
BIPOLAR PYTHAGOREAN FUZZY NEUTROSOPHIC SET (BPNS) INTEGRATED WITH AHP EXPRESS (BPNS-AHP EXPRESS) WITH LINGUISTIC VARIABLE: A NEW APPROACH
Authors: Rodzi Zahari , Ahmad Noraini , Ahmad Nur Haziq Fikri , Razak Samsiah Abdul
Published: October 2024

Decision-making in real-world situations inherently involves uncertainty and insufficient information. To overcome these challenges, decision-makers must adopt techniques that recognize and mitigate the influence of unknown or insufficiently known elements in the decision environment. A single technique often does not address these diverse scenarios, as multiple perspectives may emerge. AHP-express, a simplified form of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), has recently been introduced; however, the development of a new linguistic variable for AHP-express has not been thoroughly investigated. This study initiates the integration of the newly generalized fuzzy set, known as Bipolar Pythagorean Neutrosophic Set (BPNS), with AHP-express (BPNS-AHP express). We develop linguistic variables within the BPNS-AHP express framework using a 7-point linguistic scale, ensuring that BPNS-outlined requirements are met. This articles highlights the six step BPNS-AHP express procedure and demonstrates how it can enhance decision-makers effectiveness across various application domains by providing a more thorough and accurate representation of their thoughts and judgments.
TRANSITIONING FROM AN INSTITUTIONALLY DEFINED CANDIDATE SEARCH TO THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS: IMPROVING FACULTY SELECTION
Authors: Smith Carlo , Bayazit Ozden
Published: October 2024

This article presents a comprehensive model using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for faculty search and selection at a regional university. After developing and applying evaluation criteria based on generalized position descriptions, the search committee chose to revise the criteria using the AHP. The revision allowed for more detailed and relevant assessments of candidate competencies and experience. While full implementation of the AHP was time-constrained, outcomes revealed greater consensus regarding preferred qualifications and presented a clearly defined rationale to support recommendations. In the decision-making process, the main criteria included degree, teaching, student engagement, research, service, experience, and diversity. Some of the main criteria had associated detailed sub-criteria. Although the AHP is typically used early in the faculty selection process, in this specific scenario, the initial elimination of candidates from the pool was made simpler by clearly defining the required qualifications and then closely evaluating the preferred qualifications. This article aims to assist higher education institutions in prioritizing and ranking their selection criteria, which have been found to be similar across different institutions.
Additional Acceleration of Antenna Optimal Characterizationwith Modeling Support
Authors: Uluslu Ahmet
Published: October 2024

Optimal characterization is assumed to provide the best solution for the designed cost function among the possible solutions within the specified range. These processes can take a long time depending on the applications and computer hardware used. Here, the optimization process is supported by ANN modeling in order to shorten the current optimization processes as much as possible. For this purpose, the selection of design parameters of the bowtie patch antenna (BPA) is presented as a multi-dimensional, multi-objective modeling-supported design optimization problem. The operating frequency of the proposed antenna is 28 GHz, which is the standard for millimeter wave band and 5G technologies. To overcome this challenging design optimization, a new, fast and powerful optimization algorithm was used by modifying the non-dominant sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA)-III, and the optimal characterization of the microwave antenna design was achieved. Although the proposed method gives the same results compared to the existing process, it takes much less time. Therefore, it is possible to shorten the process and reduce costs without the need for extra applications or hardware. As a whole, the proposed design optimization process is an efficient, fast and reliable solution for all design problems.
Low Profile Polarization-insensitive Multiple-band Metamaterial Absorber using a Slotted Octagonal Unit Cell
Authors: Elhefnawy Mohamed , Kim KyoungHun , Kim Tae-Hyeon , Lee Wang-Sang
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces a thin, polarization-insensitive (PI), and multiple-band electromagnetic metamaterial absorber (MMA). The unit cell of the MMA consists of a slotted octagonal metallic patch printed on an FR4 dielectric substrate, backed by a grounded metallic layer, and notably does not incorporate resistive lumped elements. The proposed MMA exhibits measured absorption, exceeding 75% for normal incidence, across frequency bands ranging from 2.22–2.38 GHz, 6.86–7.24 GHz, 11.68–12.71 GHz, 14.1–14.8 GHz, and 15.47–16 GHz. The proposed MMA unit cell has dimensions of 0.21λ0 × 0.21λ0 and a thickness of 0.001λ0, where λ0 represents the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency at 2.22 GHz. The performance of the proposed MMA is simulated using CST Microwave Studio and MATLAB, and subsequently validated through experimental measurements.
Implementing Indigenous Approaches to Knowledge and Knowing at the John Hay Library: A Pueblo Reflection
Authors: Bartley Felicia
Published: October 2024

Abstract: As a graduate student at Brown University and as the 2020–22 Native American and Indigenous Studies Initiative (NAISI) fellow, the author was charged with the task to help the John Hay Special Collections Library implement the Protocols for Native American Archival Materials. The purpose of the Protocols is to provide best professional practices related to culturally responsive care and use of Native American archival materials primarily within non-Native institutions. This article reflects on that work applying the Protocols to the John Hay Library. This article elucidates how the charge to implement these Protocols took shape and describes the logic behind the forms to show other Native and non-Native practitioners one approach toward applying the Protocols.
Native Students in Library and Information Science Education, 1990–2019: Past Trends and Implications for Future Advancement
Authors: Gosart Ulia , Fu Rachel , Massey Dominique , Tucker Zoe
Published: October 2024

Abstract: In this longitudinal study, the authors explored institutional-level factors that may have contributed to the success of Native students in graduate library and information science (LIS) programs from 1990 to 2019. They used a mixed-methods design: first, they assessed patterns of participation of Native students in LIS for that period; next, they identified the LIS programs that graduated the most Native students and investigated them in depth using a case-study approach. The authors utilized data from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) and the Association for Library and Information Science Education (ALISE). They found that the low participation of Native students in LIS replicated overall trends in the participation of Native students in graduate education in nontribal establishments. They also found that the low participation of Native students remained a major historical trend characterizing the participation of Native students in LIS. This study suggests that institutional factors contributing to the success of Native students in LIS include effective recruitment, financial aid, and the assurance of their continuous enrollment and graduation via cohort learning, mentorship, flexibility of curriculum choices, and practical experiences. Substantively, this study contributes to the understanding of factors affecting the participation of Native students in graduate education and serves as a foundation for further research into factors affecting Native students' success in nontribal colleges. Methodologically, it offers a model replicable for similar investigations in other fields.
Simulation of a temporally dynamic atmospheric wavefront using the modified von-Kármán spectrum and Zernike-based method
Authors: Lu Benchu , Cai Dongmei
Published: October 2024

In the simulation of the atmospheric wavefront, the Kolmogorov spectrum facilitates the mathematical treatments, but this model gives inaccurate predictions in cases where the effects of outer- and inner-scale can not be neglected. Therefore, we derive the covariance formula of Zernike coefficients based on the modified von-Kármán turbulence spectrum to improve the Zernike-based method. Further, using the frozen flow hypothesis, the temporal power spectra of Zernike coefficients are derived, and the effects of wind velocity and direction, as well as the outer and inner scales, are also taken into account. Then, we introduce a method for generating the temporally dynamic atmospheric wavefront using the inverse Fourier transform to draw random time-evolving coefficients from the temporal spectra. We evaluate the performance on simulated atmospheric wavefront, and the results confirm that accurate spatial and temporal statistics are obtained.
Planar waveguide to vertical mode couplers covering the visible to IR spectral range
Authors: Cassells Ross , Smith Jack A. , Hu Changyu , Bommer Sean P. , Guilhabert Benoit , Dawson Martin D. , Strain Michael J.
Published: October 2024

Planar 45o turning mirrors with metal coating embedded in SU8 polymer waveguides enable waveguide to vertical mode coupling across a broad range of wavelengths from the visible to IR. The fabrication of these 2.5D structures is achieved using relatively simple grayscale lithography in thin film resists, compatible with standard planar lithography methods. Mirror losses of <1 dB are measured from 516 -1630 nm, and direct coupling to single mode fibre is achieved.
Broadband self-powered MoS2/PdSe2/WSe2 PSN heterojunction photodetector for high-performance optical imaging and communication
Authors: Zhang Chaoyi , Peng Silu , Ouyang Yi , Han Jiayue , Li Chunyu , Wei Yuchao , Jiang Yadong , Dong Mingdong , Wang Jun
Published: October 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) semi-metal transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have drawn significant attention for their distinctive physical properties. However, the inherent high dark current of these materials and the single structure of detectors hinder the further development of photodetectors with high performance. Here, we construct a PSN (p-type semiconductor/semi-metal/n-type semiconductor) architecture by sandwiching 2D semi-metal between two semiconductor layers. In this architecture, the top and bottom layers generate an internal built-in electric field, while the middle layer serves as an absorption layer for low-energy photons and facilitates the dissociation of photo-generated carriers. As a result, the heterojunction device demonstrates a wide spectrum optical response from visible to infrared light (405 nm to 1550 nm) without requiring an external voltage. Working in self-powered mode at room temperature, the device achieves a responsivity of 0.56 A/W, a detectivity of 5.63 × 1011 Jones, and a rapid response speed of 190/74 µs. Additionally, the device shows potential for applications in fast optical communication and multi-wavelength optical imaging. This work presents a novel approach for developing a new type of broadband, self-powered, high-performance miniaturized semi-metal-based photodetector.
Detecting optical frequency in weak signal light using injection-induced frequency modulation
Authors: Yu Yuqi , Guo Junkang , Tian Kai , Meng Weijin , Wang Zian , Liu Zhigang
Published: October 2024

In fiber-optic sensing, long-distance transmission and demodulation of weak signal light (SL) are critical. This study improves the system by relocating an external cavity tunable laser (ECTL) to the transmission end. Directly injecting the SL into the ECTL modulates the output light and uses the high-power ECTL light for transmission, reducing loss. At the demodulation end, an orthogonal Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and an H13C14N gas absorption cell (GAC) extract SL wavelength information. Results demonstrate effective modulation with SL intensity as low as 1 nW and a demodulation resolution of up to 10 MHz, offering significant improvements in long-distance fiber-optic sensing.
Theoretical framework for calibrating the depth-dependent optical scattering in layered human skin using spatially offset measurements
Authors: Xiao Shuquan , Sun Yunxu , Vardaki Martha , Liu Wei
Published: October 2024

Spatially offset spectroscopy offers an alternative non-invasive method for enabling deep probing of structures and chemical molecules, which is clinically significant for the characterization of chemical and physical alterations in human skin. However, a more precise depth-resolved quantification using the spatially offset measurements still remains a challenge due to the mixed inhomogeneous scattering. Herein, we report a Monte-Carlo-based quantification modeling platform combined with a novel, to the best of our knowledge, scattering spectrum decomposition method to explore the depth-dependent optical scattering contributions in human skin. In the simplified modeling, human skin was empirically set to be composed of multiple layers, and each layer possessed different photon weights for the spatially offset scattering intensity measurements. The modeling results of photon transportation in-and-out of the layered skin substantially discovered that the layer-dependent scattering contribution was compositely encoded into the spatially offset measurements and varied with the illumination incidence angle. For calibrating the layer-dependent scattering contribution, a modified nonlinear independent component processing algorithm was applied to the spatially offset measurements by decomposing the photon weights of each layer. The calibration results figured out the major scattering contribution of each layer along the offset axis under different incidence angles, which were consistent with previous experimental observations. The proposed theoretical framework establishes a feasible approach for spatially offset optical spectroscopies enabling non-invasive quantitative A-line characterization of the concentrations of skin components.
C3SI—compact complementary compressed spectral imaging
Authors: Chen Bingliang , Yue Qiuyu , Liu Xinyu , Yu Zeqing , Zhang Yang , Zhang Qiangbo , Wang Chang , Zheng Zhenrong
Published: October 2024

Compressed spectral imaging (CSI) typically captures spectral images in a single shot by encoding scenes with a mask, but it often neglects information occluded by the mask. This paper capitalizes on such overlooked information to enhance spectral imaging performance. By integrating a sparse mask design, our approach captures both spectral data and complementary spatial information simultaneously. We utilize a spatial–spectral dual filtering technique to achieve superior reconstruction quality of spectral images. Contrasting with conventional dual-camera CSI systems, our design combines information encoding and beam splitting within the single device, circumventing the degradation of spectral signals typically caused by beam splitters. Through the integrated optical structure–mask–algorithm approach, it significantly improves reconstruction performance compared to existing CSI systems.