bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The dispute between N. A. Berdyaev and I. A. Ilyin about non-resistance to evil by force
Authors: Gusev V. S.
Published: April 2023

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of the dispute that took place between N. A. Berdyaev and I. A. Ilyin on the problem of the permissibility or inadmissibility of resisting evil by force.

   The purpose of the study is to analyze, within the framework of historical and philosophical research, the specifics of the views of both thinkers on this issue.

   The polemic launched by I. Ilyin and N. A. Berdyaev has received a lively response from many thinkers, and the relevance of their ideas has been significantly increasing in recent decades.   Materials and Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the scientific article is a whole range of methodological principles: system-activity (V. A. Lazutkin); personality-oriented (A. I. Vakulinskaya); task-oriented (K. B. Martynenko, K. E. Troitsky); complex (A. P. Belyaeva). The following methods were used in the article: system and philosophical analysis, comparison and synthesis.   Results. The article discusses the dispute that took place between N. A. Berdyaev and I. A. Ilyin about «non-resistance to evil by force». It is emphasized that the publication of the controversial work of I. A. Ilyin «On resistance to evil by force» as a response to the teachings of L. N. Tolstoy caused widespread controversy in scientific circles, especially among representatives of Russian emigration. It is emphasized that I. A. Ilyin and N. A. Berdyaev, being patriots, Orthodox Christians and critics of Tolstoy's non-resistance proceed from different attitudes on the issue of the resistance to evil by force and come to the opposite conclusions.   Discussion and Conclusions. The dispute that unfolded between N. A. Berdyaev and I. A. Ilyin was predetermined not only by the discrepancy in the personal philosophical attitudes of the thinkers, but also by the historical and socio-political context of that time. N. A. Berdyaev allows the use of "resistance" only in extraordinary cases, following the rules of "spiritual hygiene". I. A. Ilyin he offered an extremely extensive interpretation of "resistance". Having expanded the boundaries and possibilities of resisting evil by force, I. A. Ilyin's teaching became the subject of criticism and reproaches for justifying almost any violence by him, both from the state and from the Church.
Leadership, Teaching and Learning in Times of Crisis in Southern Tanzania
Authors: Mrutu Nipael , Kajoro Peter , Nkota Hamis Pintson
Published: April 2023

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on education provision worldwide. School leaders, teachers and parents found themselves in uncharted circumstances, which hugely impacted their roles in promoting children’s learning. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles played by leaders, teachers, and parents during the COVID-19 crisis. This paper discusses teaching and learning in this time of crisis. The study sampled 10 head teachers, 60 schoolteachers and 57 parents representing 10 primary schools in five districts in the Lindi region of Tanzania. A postmodernism lens was applied to respond to questions about the strengths and weaknesses of support structures, such as parents, teachers, and local and central government, in the era of COVID-19. Data indicate that teachers, parents, and even the government, had to try various approaches to shift between different roles involved in addressing learning demands in the era of COVID-19 in Tanzania. Generally, the study identifies complex tensions between the support structures, that had been brought on by the pandemic. It is through understanding the complex tensions and balancing various roles that we can begin to understand the teaching and learning landscape in times of crisis.
Forensic medicine dimension of gang rape cases against adolescents
Authors: Akgül Kalkan Esin
Published: April 2023

Aim: Gang rape incidents are rarer than other forms of sexual abuse, and there is little research focusing on adolescent victims. The aim of this study is to describe the common characteristics of gang rape cases against adolescents and the forensic medical evaluation process.Method: News and medical literature published in the internet media were searched. Google search engine and Google Scholar were used as browser. Key words were “gang rape”, “young”, “child”, “adolescent”, “gang rape”,”young”, “child” and “adolescent”. After the search, descriptive news and literature samples on gang rape incidents against adolescent individuals were selected.Results: This study examined the gang rape incidents against adolescents, which were covered in the media. There were no time limitation. In the news and literature review, the sociodemographic characteristics of the victims and the descriptive features of the event were determined. Alcohol use was common. Psychological symptoms and consequences requiring continued health care, were evident.Conclusion: A systematic forensic examination and reporting including a psychological evaluation of the victim should be done. In order to prevent this type of sexual violence against adolescents, it is very important to be informed about gang rape.
Reflection of adolescent-to-parent violence in media news in Turkey
Authors: Eren Berna , Kovan Özge
Published: April 2023

This study aims to analyze how news about adolescent-to parent violence is reflected in the media. Certain phrases that define adolescent-to-parent violence were identified and searched on Google search engine. The news between 2018 and 2022 was scanned by applying the time filter. The news were evaluated in terms of the scope, the socio demographic correlations, and the causes of adolescent-to parent violence. Descriptive statistics was expressed as mean±standard deviation and median. Categorical parameters were represented with frequency and percentage values. The Chi-Square test were used for  standard statistical analyses. A p value of <0.05 was considered ‘statistically significant’. Between 2018 and 2022, a total of 58 individual news were identified. It was  found that the majority of adolescents were male while the majority of parent-victims were fathers, and that adolescents had a high rate of using firearms in cases of violence that were usually due to an altercation. Inconsistencies between different media sources regarding their coverage of the incidents, which would lead to violations of the rights of adolescents and parent-victims, have been determined. The study showed that although the causes of adolescent-to-parent violence differ, it is apparent that adolescents use violence commonly as a way of solving their problems. Since no studies specific to adolescent-to-parent violence conducted in Turkey could be found, it can be concluded that there is a need for studies that will provide healthy and accurate data on the dimension, frequency and variables of the problem. In addition, it is suggested that the media can play an important role in preventing the violence in general through accurate, complete, impartial and responsible reporting.
“Stop cyberhate speech, e-friendship is possible” project as an awareness study on combating cyber hate speech in Istanbul and Izmir
Authors: Polat Nil , Aslan Mahi , Karayazı Hilal
Published: April 2023

Cyber hate speech has been increasing rapidly in Turkey, as in the rest of the world, the devastating effects of the cyber hate speech on youth is irrefutable. It has been seen that the rate of cyber hate speech among youth is relatively higher in Istanbul and Izmir. Stop Cyber Hate Speech, E friendship is possible project aims to inform and raise awareness among youth aged 18-30 from vairous backgrounds about cyber hate speech. The project was implemented in Izmir and Istanbul,with twenty youth from the host community and twenty youth from different backgrounds. Throughout the project, online and in-person trainings focused on cyber hate speech were implemented in these chosen cities. Education workshops from guest speakers along with the interactive activities were part of the training program. A dissemination stage of the project included daily informative instagram posts, online live sessions with experts on cyber hate speech and online workshops to increase the sustainability of the project. The main highlight of the participants feedback is that they feel more secure and aware of the threats related to identification and protection from cyber hate speech. In this article, the details of the project Stop Cyber Hate Speech, E-friendship is possible will be examined in the context of raising awareness and combating cyber hate speech among youth.
Case analysis of early marriage and its consequences in adolescent children
Authors: Ortakçı Nursima
Published: April 2023

In this study, children in adolescence, which is recognized as the 10-19 age group by the WHO (World Health Organization, 2022), and early marriage, which is one of the leading problems of children in this age group, and its consequences were examined. In addition, a case study was conducted on a 13-year-old girl who was forced into marriage. This study aims to destroy the perception that forced marriages are a thing of the past, to show that they still exist today, and to raise awareness in society. It is to show that it is not easy for people in the adolescent period to avoid forced marriages. Because the case study shows that the victim is forced, threatened, and physically harmed in this process.
The effect of the covid-19 pandemic on applications to the children’s advocacy center
Authors: Öncü Tuğçe , Uslu Nevin
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the study is to determine and compare the characteristics of child sexual abuse (CSA) cases who applied to the children’s advocacy center (CAC) before and during the pandemic. The population and sample of this descriptive, retrospective study consists of the files of children who came to Burdur CAC for CSA between April 1, 2019-March 31, 2020 and April 1, 2020-March 31, 2021. A total of 171 files were examined in study. Data were collected using the Data Collection Form developed by the researchers. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Man Whitney U and Bonferroni tests were used for the analysis of the data. Prior to the study, permission was obtained from the Ministry of Health, Provincial Health Directorate, and Ethics Committee. The results showed that that 113 out of 171 children came to CAC before pandemic, and the number of children who came to CAC decreased during the pandemic (n=58). It was found that 60.8% of children were exposed to non-penetrative sexual abuse, and the number of sexual abuse decreased during pandemic process compared to pre-pandemic period. Regarding the characteristics of perpetrators; mean age was 32.6±16.1 years and 98.8% of them were males. It was also found that both before and during pandemic, children were mostly abused by their friends/lovers, and most of the abuse took place in home of the perpetrator. Those who reported abuse before and during pandemic were found to demonstrate statistically significant differences (p<0.001). Most of the notifications were found to be made by teachers (n=69) before pandemic, while number of teachers’ notifications decreased (n=9) during pandemic process, and the most notifications were made by mothers and fathers (n=23). In the future, it is recommended to carry out studies to determine types of CSA faced by children in digital environments before, during and after pandemic.
Sexualidade e diversidade de gênero: o ensino e a visão dos profissionais de educação dos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Martini Raquel , Rakowski Ítalo Kenne , Freitas Amilcar Cardoso Vilaça de , Oliveira Wemerson Castro
Published: April 2023

O ensino da sexualidade é citado como necessário no ambiente escolar, principalmente na educação infantil, sendo um tema importante a ser trabalhado com as crianças. Entretanto, há uma resistência familiar, dos profissionais de educação, das religiões e empecilhos políticos em relação a abordagem dessa temática. Objetivou-se explorar a visão pessoal dos profissionais da educação sobre a sexualidade e diversidade de gênero e o ensino destes no ambiente escolar. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa descritiva utilizando questionários semiestruturados. O perfil do público analisado é conservador e que tende a refletir no ensino e na transmissão de informações sobre sexualidade e diversidade de gênero no ambiente escolar. Concluiu-se que é preciso mudar a forma de se pensar a sexualidade no meio acadêmico, familiar, religioso e político e a escola precisa oportunizar situações envolvendo a orientação sobre a temática.
Spatial and seasonal determinants of Lyme borreliosis incidence in France, 2016 to 2021
Authors: Fu Wen , Bonnet Camille , Septfons Alexandra , Figoni Julie , Durand Jonas , Frey-Klett Pascale , Rustand Denis , Jaulhac Benoît , Métras Raphaëlle
Published: April 2023

Background

Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most widespread hard tick-borne zoonosis in the northern hemisphere. Existing studies in Europe have focused mainly on acarological risk assessment, with few investigations exploring human LB occurrence.

Aim

We explored the determinants of spatial and seasonal LB variations in France from 2016 to 2021 by integrating environmental, animal, meteorological and anthropogenic factors, and then mapped seasonal LB risk predictions.

Methods

We fitted 2016–19 LB national surveillance data to a two-part spatio-temporal statistical model. Spatial and temporal random effects were specified using a Besag-York-Mollie model and a seasonal model, respectively. Coefficients were estimated in a Bayesian framework using integrated nested Laplace approximation. Data from 2020–21 were used for model validation.

Results

A high vegetation index (≥ 0.6) was positively associated with seasonal LB presence, while the index of deer presence (> 60%), mild soil temperature (15–22 °C), moderate air saturation deficit (1.5–5 mmHg) and higher tick bite frequency were associated with increased incidence. Prediction maps show a higher risk of LB in spring and summer (April–September), with higher incidence in parts of eastern, midwestern and south-western France.

Conclusion

We present a national level spatial assessment of seasonal LB occurrence in Europe, disentangling factors associated with the presence and increased incidence of LB. Our findings yield quantitative evidence for national public health agencies to plan targeted prevention campaigns to reduce LB burden, enhance surveillance and identify further data needs. This approach can be tested in other LB endemic areas.
METHODS OF PARALITURGICAL CHORAL COMPOSITIONS IN STUDENT CHOIR CLASSES
Authors: Kyfenko Anna , Holian Khrystyna
Published: April 2023

The article focuses on revealing the methodology methods of paraliturgical choral compositions in student choir classes, namely, phonetic features of Church Slavonic hymns, nature of sound production, dynamic ensemble, vocal and timbre ensemble, and phrasing. The role of religious and spiritual culture, spiritual choral art is highlighted. The importance of spiritual choral music in the repertoire of the student choir is substantiated, and the system of Christian values is singled out. It was determined that currently, one of the urgent issues of art education is the revival of the spirituality of the nation, the search for new landmarks, a new system of values. The positive effect of spiritual singing on a person has been proven as well. It was determined that paraliturgical chants have a pedagogical and psychotherapeutic effect on the formation of personality, occupy an important place in the repertoire of student choirs. The interdisciplinary connections between the study of paraliturgical choral works and the subjects of the musical cycle are analysed, e.g., history of music, solfeggio, harmony, voice production, conducting. It was emphasized that in working on paraliturgical choral works, it is important for leaders of educational choral groups to master the special skills and abilities. Choral singing is a carrier of enormous informational and educational potential, containing interdisciplinary communicative connections of the main subjects of the musical cycle: solfeggio, music theory, harmony, polyphony, history of music, analysis of musical forms, solo singing, conducting. The article examines the main problem in the work of choirmasters, namely, the lack of knowledge of the traditional style of sacred music, its genre affiliation, and stylistic features.
Karagöz ve Hacivat Oyunu ile Yeşilçam Dönemi Güldürü Filmleri İlişkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: YILMAZ Muzaffer Musab
Published: April 2023

Geleneksel sanatlar, sinemanın kökeni tartışmalarında önemli bir yerde durur. Türkiye’de de bununla doğru orantılı bir biçimde Anadolu coğrafyasında neşet etmiş geleneksel sanatların sinema ile bağlantısı üzerine tartışmalar hayat bulmuştur. Karagöz ve Hacivat, bu bağlamda kilit bir öneme sahip olmuştur. Bunun nedeni, içerisinde barındırdığı elementler bakımından sinema ile benzerlikleri haiz olmasıdır. Oyunu yöneten bir kişinin olması, karakterlerin tiplemeler biçiminde somut olarak perde üzerinde hayat bulması, doğrusal bir anlatı yapısının var olması gibi özellikler, sinemada da görülen unsurlardır. Halit Refiğ, Nijat Özön ve Metin Erksan gibi isimler, bu geleneksel sanatın Türk sineması ile ilişkisi üzerine yazılar kaleme almışlardır. Bununla birlikte, hikâyesinde Karagöz’e yer veren filmler de çekilmiştir. Filmlerde bir element olarak yer bulmasının ötesinde, Karagöz ve Hacivat’ın Türk sineması ile ilişkisi çok daha derindedir. Karakter yapılanması ve anlatı düzleminde Karagöz’ün, özellikle Yeşilçam dönemi güldürü filmleri ile çeşitli düzeylerde benzerliklere sahip olduğu kabul edilir. Tiplemelerin şiveye sahip olması ve dilin güldürü unsurunu beslemesi, farklı sınıfsal yapılardan gelen tiplemelerin karşılaşmasının komedi unsurunu beslemesi vb. buna örnektir. Bu çalışmada, geleneksel sanatlar arasında yer alan Karagöz ve Hacivat ile Yeşilçam dönemi güldürü filmleri ilişkisi ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, iki sanat formu arasında doğrudan bir bağlantı olmasa da benzer bir kültürel arka plana sahip olunmasından dolayı çeşitli benzerliklerin var olduğu görülmüştür.
Yüksek Sanata Karşı Alçak Sanat Hareketi ve Robert Williams
Authors: UZUN Eda , UZUN Yasemin
Published: April 2023

18. yüzyıldan beri bazı sanat alanlarının Yüksek Sanat, bazılarının ise Alçak Sanat olarak değerlendirilmesi, sanatın Modern ve Postmodern dönemlerinde de devam etmiştir. Günümüzde ise bu anlayış kendisini resim ve illüstrasyon, heykel ve vinil oyuncak gibi birbirine benzer alanlarda göstermektedir. Bu anlayışa göre eserin, işlevsellik özelliği arttıkça Yüksek Sanat olarak değeri azalmaktadır. Lowbrow Sanat, süregelen bu Yüksek Sanat anlayışına karşı olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Amerikalı sanatçı Robert Williams, Lowbrow Sanat hareketi içinde kilit öneme sahiptir. Sanatçı, hareketin ortaya çıkması ve şekillenmesinde aktif olarak rol oynamıştır. Lowbrow terimini sahiplenen sanatçı, diğer Lowbrow sanatçıları tarafından da öncü olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu şekilde sanat dünyasını ikiye bölerek bazı sanat eserlerinin alçak bazılarının ise yüksek olarak değerlendirilmesine sebep olan şey bu araştırmanın merak konusu olmuştur. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada; sanatın Highbrow Sanat’a evriminin kronolojik olarak incelenmesi, Yüksek Sanat ve Alçak Sanat arasındaki ilişkiye değinilmesi, Williams’ın Lowbrow Sanat hareketi içerisindeki önemi vurgulanarak, sanatçı hakkında tarihsel inceleme yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır ve ulaşılan belgelerin içerik analizleri yapılmıştır. Öncelikle sanatın Yüksek Sanat’a evrimi tarihsel olarak incelenmiştir. Highbrow Sanat ve Lowbrow Sanat arasındaki ilişkiye değinilerek Lowbrow Sanat hakkında bilgi verilmiştir ve konuyla ilgili kilit öneme sahip olan Robert Williams’ın sanat anlayışı Yüksek Sanat ve Alçak Sanat ayrılığı üzerinden incelenmiştir. İncelemeler gösteriyor ki, bugün sanatı temsili eden müze ve galerilerde sergilenen ve herkes tarafından ulaşılamayan eserler, Yüksek Sanat olarak nitelendirilirken, bir işleve hizmet eden ya da herkes tarafından rahatlıkla ulaşılabilen popüler eserler ise Alçak Sanat statüsüne indirgenmektedir. Lowbrow sanat da, ilk ortaya çıktığı dönemde galeri ve müzeler tarafından kabul edilmeyerek, sanatın alçak formu olarak görülmüştür. Fakat bugün Lowbrow Sanat, artık geniş bir sanatçı ve izleyici kitlesine sahiptir ve Yüksek Sanat’ın sergilendiği galeri ve müzelerde yerini almaya başlayarak onun bir parçasına dönüşmektedir.
Ukrayna-Rusya savaşı hakkında internet haberlerinin incelenmesi: Derlem tabanlı eleştirel söylem çözümlemesi analizi
Authors: SALİHOĞLU Şükrü Yiğit , KARATEPE Çiğdem
Published: April 2023

Tarihsel olarak, eleştirel söylem analizi terimi uzun zaman boyunca kalıpları detaylı bir şekilde anlamak ve açığa çıkarmak amacıyla dil ve bağlam arasındaki ilişkinin incelemesine atfedilmiştir. Özgül ve artan bir şekilde önemli bir söylem çözümlemesi türü olarak, haber söylemleri de eleştirel söylem alanına büyük ölçüde katkı sağlamıştır Dahası, ayrıntılı analiz okuyuculara bölgesel ve kültürel önyargılar hakkında yüksek farkındalığa yol açan bakış açıları konusunda fikir edinmelerine yardımcı olur. Bahsedilen özellikler doğrultusunda, bu makale süregelen Ukrayna-Rusya savaşına bağlı haber söylemlerinin kapsam alanı dahilinde eleştirel söylem konularına değinme girişiminde bulunmuştur. Yaygın sözcüksel öğeleri incelemek amacıyla dizin ve sıklık tabloları yardımıyla derlem tabanlı nicel bir yaklaşım uygulanmıştır. İki internet haber sitesi arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli bir fark olmamasına rağmen, Rusya’nın aleyhinde sunulan anlatım ve detaylı söylem analizi BBC ve Al Jazeera haber sitelerinin haberleri son derece Ukraynalı bakış açısından servis etme eğiliminde olduklarını ortaya çıkarmıştır.
SOCIAL TIME IN CONDITIONS OF INSTABILITY OF RUSSIAN LEGISLATION
Authors: Dogadaylo Ekaterina
Published: April 2023

The article considers some forms of the influence of the right on social time, its role for the regulation of the latter and examples of such impact. It is noted that even in private-legal branches, the legislator, when he considers it necessary, very clearly outlines the boundaries of the discretion of the actors of legal life in terms of the regulation of social time. A structural model of meaningful time in law and the corresponding levels of legal reality is given: the level of basic phenomena, the level of legal reality, the level of short-term instruments. It is concluded that modern domestic legislation cannot perform its function of ordering, periodization of social time to the proper extent, and, moreover, it in itself becomes the cause of discreteness, discontinuity of social time, reduces legal certainty, citizens' trust in the law and the horizons of their future planning, replenishes the ranks of traumatizing society. factors. It is indicated that in such a situation, legislation turns from one of the most effective tools for working with social time into an uncontrolled destructive element for it.
To the question of understanding the phenomenon of "legal protection"
Authors: Osipov Mikhail
Published: April 2023

The problem of understanding the phenomenon of "legal protection" is one of the urgent problems facing the modern theory of state and law. The subject of the study, the results of which are presented in this article, are the structural and functional patterns of legal protection as a phenomenon of legal science. In the course of the study, a number of results were obtained that constitute a certain scientific novelty: the concept of legal protection was given, which is proposed to be considered in two senses: in the objective and subjective. In an objective sense, legal protection should be understood as a system of protective rules of law that establish protection measures (methods for protecting and restoring violated rights) and measures of responsibility (punishment) in the event of unlawful acts. In a subjective sense, legal protection should be understood as the process of establishing and implementing protection measures and liability measures in the event of unlawful acts.

Also in this article, the main elements of legal protection were considered, which include: subjects of legal protection; subject of legal protection, principles of legal protection, method of legal protection, mechanism of legal protection. In addition, the functions of legal protection, and factors affecting its effectiveness, were considered.
Non-state forms of law
Authors: Boldarev Viktor , Bocharova Anastasiya
Published: April 2023

In the conditions of permanent globalization and the steady formation of democratic trends in the development of the state and society, state law as a fundamental form of law has adopted a certain vector of displacement towards the cession of the «leading place» to non-state forms of law, such as individual and group law, as well as civil society law. The study of forms of law through the prism of theory and practice is conditioned by the development of democratic institutions of civil society, increasing the "self-governance" of citizens, increasing the importance of localized forms of social life; international consolidation and de facto recognition of the importance of individual rights and freedoms of citizens as fundamental values of public and state life and, finally, the accompanying consolidation of the ideas of humanism and democracy. The analysis of this phenomenon in the framework of a scientific article reveals both positive and negative aspects inherent in each of the forms of law, the author assesses their viability and prospects for development today.
The Relationship between Religion and the Environment of Law on the Example of Medieval Italy
Authors: Kalyuzhny Kirill
Published: April 2023

The actual problem of understanding law as an established, socio-cultural phenomenon has always occupied an important place in the spiritual arsenal of man. Law is a multidimensional concept, and the science of law develops and consolidates deep and diverse information. The article discusses the concept and tendency of the institution of the church to the environment of law in general and law in particular. The analysis of the subject under consideration is carried out on the example of Medieval Italy. It also reveals the relationship of the philosophical and legal category of the environment of law and law as such. The author substantiates the methodological significance of this category among other theoretical and legal categories.
In the Web of Arguments and Interests: Debate in Vienna on the Introduction of the Subject Teacher System
Authors: Ugrai Janos
Published: April 2023

The paper discusses the history of Vienna’s first attempt to introduce a subject teacher system. The last half of the eighteenth century saw the emergence of a lively debate over educational policy at the heart of the Habsburg Empire, driven by the secularisation and modernisation agenda of Enlightenment absolutism. Educational issues were at the centre of the monarch’s power and political aspirations vis-à-vis the Church, since it was in this area that the secular influence of the Church was hoped to be limited as quickly as possible. While the Court achieved significant and lasting partial successes in lower and higher education, the reform of grammar schools and need to rid them of ecclesiastical influence were almost completely neglected. The most important endeavour of those pushing for modernisation was the introduction of a subject teacher system. There were good reasons for doing so, since this could have paved the way for transforming, at a stroke, a curriculum which still reflected the centuries-old Jesuit tradition, removing monk teachers and guaranteeing the prevalence of secular viewpoints through state teacher training in the long term. The experiment, which can be divided into two intensive phases, had failed completely by the end of the 1810s but provided important lessons for both contemporaries and succeeding generations. Those involved with the struggles were able to observe the internal divisions within the Catholic Church and the strength of the reform Catholic group, while a few decades later, with the introduction of Entwurf, the first attempt at introducing the subject teacher system served as an applicable historical precedent for future generations to copy.
Evolution of the Network of Religious Schools in Ung County in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
Authors: ŽEŇUCH Vavrinec
Published: April 2023

This study presents the situation in the parish schools of Ung County, Kingdom of Hungary, in the years 1721-1734, 1746-1747, 1774-1784, 1864 and 1916. After Francis II Rákóczi’s uprising (1703-1711) and the plague epidemic (1709-1710), Ung County was inhabited by new citizens. The parish network was disrupted for all confessions and, in the case of Roman Catholics, built anew. The Reformed Church partially kept the original network of parishes and schools that had been disrupted by re-Catholization. The Uniates and the Catholics did not have a functioning education system; this was built from scratch in the eighteenth century. The Latin Church created religious schools only gradually; up until the mid-eighteenth century, schools could only be found in the centre of the county. Many schools existed for only a limited time and were subsequently discontinued. By the end of the eighteenth century, however, it was possible to find a school in almost every parish. In the nineteenth century many of the larger parishes and, as a result, primary education was made available to a greater number of children. Schools operated by the Uniates, and later by the Greek Catholics, evolved differently. Based on decrees from that period, it appears there were many schools before the Rákóczi uprising; by the time it had finished, in 1711, the school network had been disrupted. Some schools were partially renewed but many ceased to exist. The biggest problem of the Uniate school system was funding, since the Catholic Church demanded that land owners take on patronage rights and create foundations to pay for a teacher and the parish school. At the end of the eighteenth century, the number of schools was still low but slowly growing. The fastest growth was noted in the nineteenth century; by the second half of the century there were more Greek Catholic schools than any other confession. Reformed Church schools were the only ones that maintained their continuity with the period before 1711. Various decrees passed in Hungary caused development to stagnate, although this changed again following the Patent of Toleration. One key issue when considering schools is the teachers. In this paper, we focus particularly on teachers and their language identity, exploring how this changed throughout the study period. We also briefly examine the subjects taught by teachers and the construction of dedicated school buildings at the end of the period in question.
ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN GÖZÜNDEN YENİ DÖNEM KANAAT ÖNDERLERİ SOSYAL MEDYA FENOMENLERİ ARAŞTIRMASI-SİNOP ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: İNCE BAKİ Funda
Published: April 2023

21. yüzyılın kanaat önderleri olarak kabul edilen sosyal medya fenomenlerinin söyle-dikleri, yaptıkları, önerdikleri kendilerini takip edenler tarafından dikkate alınmakta ve kararlar üzerinde etkili olabilmektedir. Bu araştırma kapsamında da Sinop Üniver-sitesi öğrencilerinin sosyal medya ve sosyal medya fenomenleri ile ilişkisi ele alınmış-tır. Araştırmanın amacı; üniversite öğrencilerinin karar alırken sosyal medya fenomen-lerini ne kadar dikkate aldıklarını tespit etmek olup, cinsiyet, yaş, bölüm gibi değiş-kenlere göre inceleme yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını Sinop Üniversitesinde öğrenim gören 402 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. 402 öğrenciye uygulanan anket sonucun-da elde edilen veriler SPSS 22 istatistik programında analize tabi tutulmuştur. Analiz sonuçlarından elde edilen bulgulara göre; her yaş grubunda öğrencilerin sosyal med-yayı her gün kullandığı, en sık kullanılan sosyal medya araçları arasında instagramın birinci sırada yer aldığı, öğrencilerin sosyal medya araçlarını öncelikli kullanma amaçlarının eğlenmek olduğu ve beklenilenin aksine karar aşamalarında sosyal medya fenomenlerinden ziyade ailelerinin etkili olduğu sonuçlarına varılmıştır. Araştırmanın bir diğer bulgusuna göre; öğrencilerin en sık takip ettiği ve en güvenilir bulduğu sosyal medya fenomeninin Oğuzhan Uğur olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Cyber Counseling: Facebook Sebagai Media Baru Dalam Layanan Bimbingan Dan Konseling
Authors: Rahmatil Fadhilah Sinta , Aminah Siti , Marda Syahrul
Published: April 2023

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang efisiensi Cyber Counseling facebook sebagai media baru dalam layanan bimbingan dan konseling. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai efesiensi penggunaan media sosial pada layanan bimbingan dan konseling Facebbok. Hasil dari penelitian tentang Cyber Counseling menggunakan facebook ini adalah meningkatkan pelayanan bagi seluruh peserta didik. Kemajuan teknologi informasi khususnya facebook sebagai media sosial telah menjadi media atau wadah baru dalam proses layanan bimbingan dan konseling, kelebihan dari Cyber Counseling facebook ini mudah diakses, mudah dilaksanakan tanpa memikirkan keterbatasan jarak dan waktu untuk melakukan pertemuan secara langsung bertatap muka dengan seseorang ahli atau konselor,  terdapat rekam jejak sehingga mudah melakukan treatment lanjutan. Sedangkan kelemahan dari Cyber Counseling facebook adalah kurang cakapnya konselor dalam perkembangan teknologi, sehingga tidak bisa menfaatkan facebook dan media baru dalam memberikan layanan Cyber Counseling facebook.
Implementasi Etika Bisnis Islam dalam Bisnis Berbasis Teknologi Komunikasi
Authors: Widodo Andeka , Fahrizal
Published: April 2023

Seiring majunya perkembangan zaman, internet merupakan lompatan teknologi, yang telah merubah cara pandang batas terhadap bisnis lokal maupun global, dimana model bisnis era global saat ini menggunakan sistem dengan cara yang tidak perlu untuk bertatap muka secara langsung, cukup hanya dengan melakukan transfer data via internet sajaPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis impelementasi Etika Bisnis Islam Dalam Bisnis Berbasis Online  pada Marketplace Shoopee. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah library research (penelitian kepustakaan) yaitu penelitian yang sumber informasinya dari berbagai bahan kepustakaan dengan cara membaca dan menelaah buku-buku serta tulisan-tulisan yang ada objeknya dengan pembahasan. Dalam menganalisis data peneliti mengumpulkan data-data, setelah data-data terkumpul, selanjutnya data-data tersebut dianalisa dengan teknik analisis isi (konten analisis) yaitu menelaah dengan kosa kata, pola kalimat, situasi, dan latar belakang budaya dalam penulisan tentang jual beli online. Hasil Penelitian Menunjukkan bahwa Marketplace Shopee belum mengimplementasikan prinsip kesatuan dan responsibitity, sementara untuk aspek kebebasan dan keseimbangan telah diijalankan dengan baik. Tinjauan etika bisnis Islam terhadap jual beli online pada marketplace resmi shoope dalam jual beli online tersebut, pihak yang bertransaksi harus menepati semua kontrak yang telah ia buat.
Contribuições de Umberto Eco para a tessitura de uma tese em ciências humanas: lições sobre a pesquisa na atualidade
Authors: Nogueira de Oliveira Fernandes Aleksandra , Silva da Costa Karoline Louise , Menezes de Paiva Marlúcia
Published: April 2023

O trabalho se constitui em notas de leitura da obra Como se faz uma tese em ciências humanas, de autoria de Umberto Eco. O livro estudado é uma tradução de Ana Falcão e Luís Leitão, 14ª Edição, em São Paulo, pela editora Perspectiva, no ano de 2007. A questão que norteou o estudo foi: Como devemos proceder a fim de escrevermos uma tese de doutoramento? Com isso, objetiva-se analisar o livro, a fim de apresentarmos as lições explicitadas pelo autor, no que se refere à construção da tese na área de Ciências Humanas. No tocante à metodologia adotada, segue as proposições de uma abordagem qualitativa e destaca-se a elaboração de notas de leitura que emergiram das discussões e interpretações ensejadas pela análise da obra. Como resultados, depreendemos que apesar do livro ter sido publicado em 1980, apresenta orientações ainda em vigor, no âmbito da escrita de uma tese de doutorado, uma vez que o início/fio condutor dessa produção acadêmica, se dá por meio da formulação de uma pergunta a um número finito de movimentos. Assim, a lição mais evidente, é a de que o pesquisador deve se encantar pela tese, de modo que a sua construção primária, possa se ramificar em fontes secundárias, para novas produções posteriores, a exemplo de artigos e livros.
Gramsci, a escola e a escola unitária: uma revisão em teses e dissertações da última década
Authors: Ribeiro Marli Dias , Ferreira Valdivina Alves
Published: April 2023

Este artigo tem como temática as abordagens sobre educação e escola unitária desenvolvidas nas teses e dissertações brasileiras produzidas na última década a partir da concepção gramsciana. O objetivo foi descrever como teses e dissertações da última década apresentam os conceitos gramiscianos de educação e escola unitária buscando compreender que  tipo de educação e que modelo de escola é apresentado. A metodologia foi de abordagem qualitativa de caráter  teórico-bibliográfica tendo como espaço de pesquisa a Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações e autores contemporâneos  que  assentam  suas  reflexões sobre Gramsci, educação e escola unitária. Com base nos trabalhos selecionados concluiu-se que os interesses relacionados à produção, ao mundo do trabalho, à organização da escola e a educação ofertada, persistem reforçando a dualidade entre a tarefa de educar da escola e a tarefa em formar mão de obra à serviço do capital
Educação profissional e tecnológica e a utilização das tecnologias digitais no processo de ensino
Authors: De Sousa Wênia Keila Lima , Vasconcelos Francisco Herbert Lima
Published: April 2023

O presente artigo trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, cujo objetivo é analisar o estado da arte no tocante à formação docente para a utilização das tecnologias digitais na Educação Profissional e Tecnológica. Para tanto, realizou-se uma análise bibliográfica nas publicações científicas presentes nas bibliotecas digitais google acadêmico, scielo e periódicos das CAPES. Para realização da pesquisa, foram utilizadas as publicações dos anos de 2015 a 2020, no idioma português. De acordo com dados levantados, verificou-se que as pesquisas acadêmicas sobre a inserção das tecnologias digitais na Educação Profissional e Tecnológica ainda é um campo que merece maior discussão. Outro aspecto evidenciado é que o debate sobre a formação docente para a utilização das referidas tecnologias digitais ainda se encontra incipiente. Do total de onze trabalhos selecionados para análise mais criteriosa, apenas três estudos versaram sobre essa temática, ou seja, 27% da produção analisada.
Cytogenetic features in adolescent girls with abnormal uterine bleeding which is comorbid with multi­factor diseases
Authors: Bagatska N.V.
Published: April 2023

Objective — to study the state of chromosomal apparatus in adolescent girls with abnormal uterine bleeding which is comorbid with multi-­factor diseases.
Materials and methods. Cytogenetic analysis has been carried out in 25 girls aged 14 to 17 with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) which is comorbid with multifactor diseases (endocrine and nervous). The comparison group included 25 age-matching healthy girls. All the girls have been examined in the Laboratory of Medical Genetics of the Institute. Statistical processing of the study results has been carried out following the Student’s t­test with the use of Excel software package.
Results and discussion. According to the data of cytogenetic analysis, it has been established that the total level of chromosome aberrations in blood lymphocytes of sick girls constituted 5.44 % and exceeded this value by a factor of 2.2 in comparison with the frequency in healthy girls. A 1.8-­fold increase of the number of chromosome aberrations was observed; among them the paired acentric fragments have been recorded twice as often. Chromatid­type aberrations in blood lymphocytes were observed in 2.9 times oftener in girls with AUB, mainly due to an increase in the number of single acentric fragments. The frequency of genomic disorders was 0.60 % that is five times more than their frequency in blood lymphocytes of healthy girls.
Conclusions. Cytogenetic analysis conducted in adolescent girls with abnormal uterine bleeding and comorbid pathology have revealed an increase of the overall level of chromosome aberrations in comparison with healthy girls. Paired acentric fragments prevailed among chromosome aberrations, single acentric fragments prevailed among chromatid-­type aberrations, polyploid cells prevailed among genomic disorders.
Brain natriuretic peptide and catecholamines in adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Holovko T.O. , Bogmat L.F. , Shevchenko N.S. , Kashkalda D.A. , Tsura O.M.
Published: April 2023

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a group of chronic diseases of uncertain etiology, in which an immuno­inflammatory process develops with systemic damage to the vascular endothelium, leading to the involvement of vital organs and systems against the background of persistence of the inflammatory process.

Objective — to determine the level of excretion of catecholamines in the daily urine and natriuretic peptide in the blood of adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Materials and methods. The study involved 56 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, aged (13.28 ± 0.38) years, including 17 boys, 39 girls. The polyarticular form of the disease was diagnosed in 48 patients (86 %), the oligoarticular form was in 8 (14 % of patients). The duration of the disease was (68.96 ± 6.29) months (from 12 to 180 months). All patients received methotrexate for more than 12 months, the average dose of which was (11.73 ± 0.39) mg/m2 per week. The control group consisted of 46 (27 boys and 19 girls) practically healthy peers (14.72 ± 0.28) years. The content of catecholamines (adrenaline and norepinephrine) in daily urine was studied by iodine oxidation with the formation of fluorescent trihydroxyindoles (adrenolutin and norepinephrine) and subsequent fluorimetry, as well as the level of brain natriuretic peptide in the blood by competitive immunoassay.

Results and discussions. In patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, the level of excretion of catecholamines in the daily urine remains within the age norms, but significantly lower than in healthy peers (p < 0.01), the adrenaline/norepinephrine ratio also decreases (p < 0.05). A significant increase in the level of brain natriuretic peptide in the blood was found in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (p < 0.01), especially in children aged 11—14 years and disease duration up to 5 years (p < 0.05).

Conclusions. The change in the ratio of catecholamine excretion and blood natriuretic peptide level determines the processes of formation of morphofunctional disorders of the cardiovascular system in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
The relationship between comorbid pathology, vitamin D status, and disorders of menstrual function in adolescent girls
Authors: Dynnik V.O. , Verchoshanova O.G. , Havenko H.О. , Novokhatska S.V.
Published: April 2023

Objective — to determine the nature of comorbid pathology in modern adolescent girls with disorders of menstrual function, and to establish the relationship between vitamin D status and comorbid pathology.

Materials and methods. The analysis has been performed for the results of clinical and paraclinical examination of 333 adolescent girls aged 11—17 with menstrual disorders (primary oligomenorrhea and abnormal uterine bleeding). Physical and sexual development was determined, body mass index was calculated. The serum levels of vitamin D, prolactin, thyroid­stimulating hormone were evaluated.

Results and discussion. Comorbid pathology was diagnosed in the absolute majority of adolescent girls with disorders of menstrual function, both of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and oligomenorrhea (OM) types. Diseases of the endocrine system were registered mostly often; digestive pathologies and neuropsychological abnormalities were less common. In patients with OM, comorbid conditions of the digestive system and the neuropsychological area were registered significantly more often. Peculiarities of physical, sexual development, and menstrual function were established, which depended on the presence of various comorbid pathologies and the type of menstrual function disorders. Vitamin D insufficiency and its deficiency were observed in the majority of girls with both AUB and OM, and no significant difference was found in various comorbid pathologies. Normative values of vitamin D were noted in no more than 12—18 % of cases and tended to decrease in presence of the diseases of endocrine system.

Conclusions. The obtained results demonstrated the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the examination of patients with menstrual cycle disorders, as a guarantee of increasing the effectiveness of treatment and preventive measures with the aim of restoring reproductive potential.
Strain Analysis of Surface Cracked Thin Flat Plate under Cycling Impact Loading Effect
Authors: Alshamma Fathi Abdulsahib , Ahmed Bassam Ali
Published: April 2023

In this work, strains and dynamic crack growth were studied and analyzed in thin flat plate with a surface crack at the center, subjected to cycling low velocity impact loading for two types of aluminum plates (2024, 6061). Experimental and numerical methods were implemented to achieve this research. Numerical analysis using program (ANSYS11-APDL) based on finite element method used to analysis the strains with respect to time at crack tip and then find the velocity of the crack growth under cycling impact loading. In the experimental work, a rig was designed and manufactured to applying the cycling impact loading on the cracked specimens. The grid points was screened in front of the crack tip to measure the elastic-plastic displacements in the x and y direction by grid method, from which the strains are calculated. The results show that the strains increase with increasing in the crack length. It was found that the cumulative number of cycles leads to increase in the strain values with increasing in crack growth velocity.