bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acoustic emissions – live monitoring of signals from the polishing gap
Authors: Benisch Michael , Bogner Werner , Faehnle Oliver
Published: October 2023

While acoustic emissions are a method for e. g. the monitoring of bridges or for the assessment of the integrity of tanks, we wanted to investigate them for a further field of application. We tested AEs for the monitoring and assessment of a high-quality finishing process for optical components, the polishing of lenses. This process is - even though - it is of incalculable importance for nearly every optical component still a process which is commonly considered as some kind of black magic. With our research, we want to deliver an insight in this process with interacting mechanical and chemical processes. We want to present a method for the in-situ evaluation of a polishing process.
Linewidth-narrowing and frequency noise reduction of Brillouin fiber laser cavity operating at 1-µm
Authors: Deroh Moise , Lucas Erwan , Hammani Kamal , Millot Guy , Kibler Bertrand
Published: October 2023

We report on a stabilized single-frequency Brillouin fiber laser operating at 1.06 µm by means of a passive highly nonlinear fiber ring cavity combined with a phase-locking loop scheme. We show significant linewidth narrowing (below 1-kHz) as well as frequency noise reduction compared to that of the initial pump in our mode-hop free Brillouin fiber laser.
Analysis of forward Brillouin scattering in optical fibers with whispering-gallery modes
Authors: Sánchez Luis A. , Delgado-Pinar Martina , Díez Antonio , Andrés Miguel V.
Published: October 2023

A new approach to detect and analyze transverse acoustic mode resonances (TAMRs), responsible for forward Brillouin scattering in optical fibers, is reported using optical whispering gallery modes (WGMs). TAMRs generate perturbations in the geometry and the dielectric permittivity of the fiber that couples the acoustic and optical resonances. This interaction is exploited to probe opto-excited TAMRs exhibiting an optimal efficiency for detecting low-order TAMRs.
Exploiting the aluminum nitride bandgap for water separation and light-enhanced evaporation
Authors: Singh Navindra D. , Leung James , Vuong Luat
Published: October 2023

The aluminum nitride bandgap energy matches the binding energy between salt and water molecules. Here we study the effect of 405-nm light on the rates of evaporation when saline solutions are im-bibed within a porous ceramic aluminum nitride wick. Sensitive measurements are taken in a self-referencing setup and compared with the capillary fluid response. Evaporation rates increase with light illumination when the solution is more saline in a manner that indicates interfacial charge-transfer characteristics. Our results show consistent trends and strong potential for photonic environmental applications in salt-water separation
Detection of Impurities in Premium Diesel Fuel via Terahertz Frequency Domain Spectroscopy
Authors: Salonga Ponseca Carlito Jr. , Karaliunas Mindaugas , Pocius Ignas , Gkouzi Aikaterini-Maria , Butkutė Renata
Published: October 2023

Long-chain hydrocarbons, petroleum and diesel, have long been used as source of energy for locomotives. Unlike it’s short-chain counterpart petroleum, diesel fuel is considered dirtier due to black soot particulates it emits that poses greater health hazard. Here, we attempt to measure the absorbance spectra of premium diesel fuels, neat and adulterated, using terahertz (THz) frequency domain spectroscopy to determine the level of impurities that can further exacerbate its emission. Two broad absorption peaks at 6.42 THz and 7.75 THz as well as narrow peaks at 13.07 THz, 13.88 THz, and in the range of 16-17 THz, characterized the premium diesel. These spectral features are well identifiable in the adulterated samples but their intensities vary depending on the type of impurities. Decrease in the absorbance is observed with water contaminant, increase in isopropanol, while sulfur and methanol contaminants did not influence the absorbance spectra. This technique demonstrates initial but promising results in probing adulteration in petrochemical products.
Straight micromixer manufacturing combining stereolithography and pulsed laser ablation and simulation - INVITED
Authors: Carnero Bastián , Bao-Varela Carmen , Gómez-Varela Ana Isabel , Varela Ballesta Sylvana , Rodiño-Janeiro Bruno K. , Flores-Arias María Teresa
Published: October 2023

Achieving efficient mixing of fluids is a great challenge in microfluidics that has been addressed using microstructures. In this work, Stereolithography (SLA) and Pulsed Laser Ablation (PLA) were combined to manufacture a straight micromixer for uniform mixing of fluids. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation was performed to test the device. The results suggest that the combination of these optical technologies can be an effective method for fabricating microfluidic devices with great mixing capabilities.
Conceptualization of Multidimensional Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filter for Projected Emittance Images-sets
Authors: Al-Juboori Haider , Baehr Juergen
Published: October 2023

Photoemission in modern high-brightness electron sources is under study at the DESY-PITZ photo injector. The electron source optimization process is under continuous upgrading. The developments in modern digital signal processing provide an opportunity for building intelligent algorithms that implement mathematical methods unattainable by analogue technology which can support the related image of emittance measurements from PITZ system. In this work, we provide an intriguing technique for designing multilayer FIR filters with minimal computing effort. As a result, the filter design is particularly effective at reducing complicated noise and performs quickly and efficiently.
White Light Interferometry: Absolute and High Precision Measurement for Long-Cavity Fibre Fabry-Perot Sensors
Authors: Robalinho Paulo , Rodrigues A. , Novais S. , Ribeiro A. B. Lobo , Silva S. , Frazão O.
Published: October 2023

White Light Interferometry, known for its absolute measurement capability and high precision, had its greatest scientific impact towards the end of the 20th century. In this work, it was assembled and characterized a fibre Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) as an interrogator and a fibre Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) as a displacement sensor. A measurement bandwidth between 65 μm and 95 μm was obtained for FPI cavities close to 2.35 mm, at sampling frequencies between 600 Hz and 1500 Hz. Additionally, a resonant frequency at 550 Hz was achieved, allowing for an interrogation band higher than 135 μm. It was also determined a minimum absolute resolution of ± 66 nm, corresponding to a relative resolution of ± 9.4×10-4 in relation to the total band.
Towards full mid-infrared supercontinuum generation with tapered chalcogenide-glass rods
Authors: Serrano Esteban , Bailleul Damien , Désévédavy Frédéric , Nakatani Asuka , Cheng Tonglei , Ohishi Yasukate , Kibler Bertrand , Smektala Frédéric
Published: October 2023

We experimentally demonstrate that simple tapered Ge-Se-Te glass rods with femtosecond pumping enables efficient multi-octave mid-infrared supercontinuum generation, from 1.7 to 16 µm, while keeping an excellent spatial beam profile.
Using molecules as a quantum interface to store ultrashort optical vortices
Authors: Hertz Edouard , Voisine Alexis , Trawi Firas , Billard Franck , Faucher Olivier , Béjot Pierre
Published: October 2023

We exploit gas-phase molecules as light-matter interface to store an orbital angular momentum (OAM) or a superposition of OAM states (OAM-based photonic qubits) carried by ultrashort laser pulses. The interplay between spin angular momentum and OAM is exploited to encode the amplitude and spatial phase information of light beams into rotational coherences of molecules. This last is restored on-demand over tens of picoseconds with a reading beam by taking advantage of field-free molecular alignment. The underlying mechanism at the origin of the storage can be interpreted by the spatial structuring of the molecular sample induced by the field. The excitation indeed produces an inhomogeneous spatial distribution of molecular alignment (amplitude & orientation) whose periodical revivals associated with the quantum beatings of the rotational wavepacket enables to restore the spatial beam structure on-demand. The strategy is successfully demonstrated in CO2 molecules at room temperature. Besides applicability as storage medium with THz bandwidth application, the use of molecules as light-matter interface opens new functionalities in terms of optical processing and versatile control of OAM fields.
Mapping partially polarized light to incoherent superpositions of vector beams and vortex beams with orbital angular momentum
Authors: Marco David , del Mar Sánchez-López María , Hernández-García Carlos , Moreno Ignacio
Published: October 2023

Fully polarized light, cylindrical vector beams, and beams with opposite orbital angular momentum (OAM) and their superpositions are respectively represented as points on the Poincaré sphere (PS), the higher-order Poincaré sphere (HOPS) and the OAM Poincaré sphere (OAMPS). Here, we study the mapping of inner points between these spheres, which we regard as incoherent superpositions of points on the surface of their respective sphere. We obtain points inside the HOPS and OAMPS by mapping incoherent superpositions of points on the PS, i.e., partially polarized states. To map points from the PS to the HOPS, we use a q-plate, while for mapping points from the HOPS to the OAMPS, we use a linear polarizer. Furthermore, we demonstrate a new polarization state generator (PSG) that generates efficiently partially polarized light. It uses a geometric phase (GP) blazed grating to split an unpolarized laser into two orthogonal polarization components. An intensity filter adjusts the relative intensity of the components, which are then recombined with another GP grating and directed to a waveplate, thus achieving every point inside the PS. The proposed PSG offers advantages over other methods in terms of energy efficiency, ease of alignment, and not requiring spatial or long-time integrations.
Conversion of a beam carrying fractionnal angular momentum in High-Harmonics Generation
Authors: Guer Matthieu , Luttmann Martin , Vimal Mekha , Hergott Jean-François , Zelaquett Khoury Antonio , Hernández-García Carlos , Pisanty Emilio , Ruchon Thierry
Published: October 2023

Exotic light fields combining non-trivial spin and angular momentum may not be eigenstates of either the spin or orbital angular momenta operators. For these fields, it is relevant to define a Generalized Angular Momentum operator of which they are eigenvectors. Their associated eigenvalues can take, depending on the case, non-integer values. We report that this new quantity is conserved via non-linear phenomena, such as High Harmonic Generation.
Trajectory analysis of phase effects associated with truncated Airy beams
Authors: Sanz Ángel S. , Martínez-Herrero Rosario
Published: October 2023

Airy wave packets constitute a very peculiar type of structured light: during their propagation, their transverse profile undergoes a self-accelerating displacement while it remains shape invariant. They are thus the only non-dispersive beam-type solution to the Helmholtz paraxial equation in free space. Such properties are possible by virtue of their infinite power content. However, experimentally, Airy beams can only be reproduced in an approximate manner, with a limited extension and hence a finite power content. To this end, differentcutoffprocedures have been reported in the literature, based on a convenient tuning of the transmission properties of aperture functions. In this Communication, we present and discuss our latest advances in the analysis of the effects that convolving an Airy beam with different aperture functions have on their propagation properties. More specifically, we make use of a trajectory-based methodology, which allows us to analyze and explain the beam propagation in terms of trajectories directly connected with the beam local phase variations.
Complete Mueller matrix imaging polarimeter for evaluating optical components for structured light
Authors: Nabadda Esther , Sánchez-López María del Mar , Vargas Asticio , Lizana Angel , Campos Juan , Moreno Ignacio
Published: October 2023

We present a complete Mueller matrix (MM) imaging polarimeter based on liquid-crystal retarders and a pixelated polarization camera. The polarimeter instrument is first calibrated and optimized, and then applied for the precise characterization of optical components used for the generation of structured light, like patterned retarders and patterned polarizers.
Feature and texture distillation via neural network training
Authors: Perry Altai , Weng Xiaojing , Feng Ji , Vuong Luat T.
Published: October 2023

Encoded-diffraction hybrid systems—optical encoding and simple electronic decoding—offers feature distillation via model training. Additionally, the most faithfully reconstructed images are not the ones that are best classified. We parametrize our results with singular value decomposition (SVD) entropy, a proxy for image complexity.
Ultrafast control of conductivity with femtosecond lasers - INVITED
Authors: Boschetto Davide
Published: October 2023

Femtosecond laser pulse irradiation enables precise control of conductivity in materials, revolutioniz-ing fields like nanoelectronics and materials science. It offers rapid modulation within femtosecond timescales, facilitating advancements in ultrafast electronics and high-speed data processing. In this talk, we will focus on the photoinduced reduction of conductivity in incommensurate crystals through excitation of electrons into localized states, revealing potential applications in optoelectronics, ultrafast switches, and photonic devices.
Tuning mid-infrared polarization sensitive reflectivity in GaN/AlGaN heterostructures
Authors: Bile Alessandro , Centini Marco , Ceneda Daniele , Passaseo Adriana , Tobaldi David Maria , Tasco Vittorianna , Sibilia Concita , Larciprete Maria Cristina
Published: October 2023

We present narrow-band polarization-sensitive reflectance of GaN/AlGaN heterostructures in the mid-infrared range. Experimental measurements performed at 15° angle of incidence show the excitation of a Berreman mode at the interface between GaN and sapphire substrate. A transfer matrix method for anisotropic layers has been used to analyze the obtained results. The contribution of the two-dimensional electron gas at the interfaces of the heterostructures has been included by proper modelization of an effective thin layer.
Contribution of the solar effect in LEDs and spectral responses
Authors: Remidi Kamel , Kendil Djamel , Haddadi Mourad
Published: October 2023

This experimental work describes our work on spectrometric measurements (spectral responses) and measurement of sensitivity of solar radiation by (simulating the solar to a powered lamp) on commercial light emitting diodes of different colors (LEDs). The first experiment was carried out at the electronics department in University of USTHB Bab Ezzouar (Laboratory of thin layers) which has a measurement bench allowing the relative spectral representation of the photo of the detector noted Vphot (λ).
Thermo-optic phase shifter based on amorphous silicon carbide
Authors: Mallemace Elisa D. , Lu Yaoqin , Shi Xiaodong , Chaussende Didier , Tabouret Vincent , Rao Sandro , Ou Haiyan , Della Corte Francesco G.
Published: October 2023

We report the preliminary experimental results for an amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC) thermo-optic phase shifter (TOPS). This device is based on microring resonator (MRR) structure with a titanium (Ti) heater placed on the top of the device, separated by 1.5 μm thick SiO2 to reduce the optical loss. The proposed a-SiC microring has a thickness and a radius of 1.1 μm and 33 μm, respectively. By applying an electrical power in the Ti heater, a resonance wavelength shift at an optical wavelength of λ=1550 nm is shown, and the extracted thermal tunability is 52.2 pm/mW.
Alle Muskeln machen mit – Physiotherapie nach Rotatorenmanschetten-Rekonstruktion
Authors: Diemer Frank
Published: October 2023

Wenn eine Rotatorenmanschettenruptur operiert werden muss, stellt sich die Frage nach der optimalen Nachbehandlung. Es gilt zu beachten, dass selbst bei kleinen Alltagsaktivitäten alle Muskeln der Rotatorenmanschette immer mitarbeiten.
Nicht mehr wegzudenken – Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) in der Physiotherapie
Authors: Supp Georg , Mager Nele
Published: October 2023

Nele Mager untersuchte in ihrer Masterarbeit die Implementierung systematischer Outcome-Messungen in einer Physiotherapiepraxis und wertete die Erfahrungen der Therapierenden mithilfe semistrukturierter Interviews aus. Sie schlussfolgert: Outcomes messen ist hilfreich, nötig und absolut möglich.
Verwirrtes Gehirn – Funktioneller Schwindel
Authors: Saul Ann Kathrin
Published: October 2023

„Wenn ich zu schnell aufstehe, wird mir schwindelig“, ist ein typischer Satz, mit dem Personen mit Schwindel ihre Symptome beschreiben. Die gute Nachricht: Meist sind die Ursachen gut identifizierbar und oft besteht eine sehr gute Therapieprognose. Das gilt auch für den funktionellen Schwindel, der neben dem Lagerungsschwindel zur häufigsten Art zählt.
Glukose-Messungen und Rili-BÄK: Anpassung der Akzeptanzgrenzen bei der internen und externen Qualitätskontrolle
Authors: Kaiser Patricia , Grote-Koska Denis , Freckmann Guido , Petersmann Astrid , Nauck Matthias , Heinemann Lutz
Published: October 2023

Eine qualitätsgesicherte Glukosemessung ist für die adäquate Betreuung von Patienten mit Diabetes von hoher Bedeutung. Grundlage dafür sind die Vorgaben in der Richtlinie der Bundesärztekammer zur Qualitätssicherung laboratoriumsmedizinischer Untersuchungen – Rili-BÄK. Die Bestehensgrenzen für die interne wie die externe Qualitätskontrolle wurden im Mai 2023 aktualisiert. Die Akzeptanzgrenzen für die interne Qualitätskontrolle wurden auf ±5% und für die externe Qualitätskontrolle auf ±8% abgesenkt. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen von bereits durchgeführten Kontrollmessungen der internen Qualitätskontrolle und Ringversuchen wurde evaluiert, welche Konsequenzen diese Änderungen der Qualitätskriterien möglicherweise haben.

Die Ergebnisse dieser Auswertung unter Anwendung der neuen, strengeren Qualitätskriterien weisen darauf hin, dass die meisten Glukose-Analysesysteme die angepassten Vorgaben für die Akzeptanzgrenzen erfüllen werden.
Protocol of a Nerve Neurotmesis Sciatic Repair using Polyvinyl Alcohol Biofilm in Wistar Rats
Authors: Lacerda Brito Ana Camila Nobre de , Oliveira Maria Danielly Lima de , Andrade César Augusto Souza de , Silva Hélida Cristina Cirilo da , Queiroz Paulo César da Silva , Santos Sara Emanuely Veríssimo , Martins Wilayane Alves , Santos Estela Batista , Sobrinho Romero Andion de Medeiros , Ribeiro Kalline Lourenço , Silva Júnior Alberto Galdino da , Moraes Sílvia Regina Arruda de
Published: October 2023

Background Animal models are commonly used to assess the efficacy of new materials to be employed in the surgical repair of a nerve injury. However, there is no published surgical repair protocol for sciatic nerve neurotmesis in rats.

Objective To produce and evaluate a protocol for the tubing technique using a polyvinyl alcohol biofilm after sciatic nerve neurotmesis.

Methods Eighteen rats were randomized into 3 groups (n = 6 per group): control group - CG, neurotmesis group - NG, and neurotmesis biofilm group - NBG. The NG and NBG animals were submitted to neurotmesis of the sciatic nerve at 60 days of life, followed by suture of the nerve stumps; in the NBG, the animals had the suture involved by polyvinyl alcohol biofilm. A descriptive evaluation of the surgical technique was performed after the experimental period. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test was used for body weight, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni posthoc (p < 0.05) was applied.

Results All groups showed good repair of the skin and muscle sutures; however, 33.30% of the CG presented disruption of skin points. Furthermore, 16.70% of the stumps were not structurally aligned and 33.30% had neuromas in the NG, while in the NBG, all stumps were aligned and none of them had neuroma .

Conclusions The present study was able to produce a protocol with high reproducibility in view of the mechanical stability, targeting of the nerve stumps, muscle healing, the low frequency of skin breakage and the low complexity level of the technique, and it can be used in future studies that aim to evaluate other biomaterials for nerve repair in rats.
Syringomyelia: Retrospective Analysis of 30 Surgically Treated Patients from the Northeast of Brazil
Authors: do Vale Bruna Lisboa , Holanda Maurus Marques de Almeida , Valença Marcelo Moraes , Araújo Neto Severino Aires de
Published: October 2023

Introduction Syringomyelia is a chronic disease characterized by the presence of intramedullary cavity. Chiari malformation (CM) and basilar impression (BI) are conditions usually associated with syringomyelia. Its prevalence has wide geographical variation, being higher in the Northeast of Brazil, making it relevant to study the subject in this region.

Objective To analyze the frequency of signs, symptoms, and surgical aspects observed in patients undergoing decompressive treatment.

Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients diagnosed with syringomyelia who received decompressive surgical treatment in various hospitals in João Pessoa, Paraíba, between 1994 and 2021.

Results Thirty patients were analyzed. Twenty-nine (96.7%) presented CM and 27 (90.0%) also presented BI. A wide variety of symptoms was found, with significant prevalence of muscle weakness, neck pain, and headache. Brevicollis, a finding considered typical of the Northeastern region and associated with craniocervical junction malformations, was present in 66.7%. The surgical technique used in 90% of patients was similar. Fourteen (46.7%) patients presented difficult craniocervical junction and 4 (13.3%) had occipital bone assimilation. Eighteen (60.0%) presented thickening of the arachnoid membrane. Postoperatively, there was clinical improvement in 21 patients (70%).

Conclusions The sample majorly had CM and BI associated with syringomyelia. High prevalence of signs and symptoms related to the Brazilian northeastern phenotype was also found. Syringomyelia, therefore, has peculiarities in the population of the Northeast of Brazil that, when described, allow better understanding of the pathology in this group.
Johannesstift Diakonie: Schwarze Zahlen seit 2006
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: October 2023

Die Johannesstift Diakonie übertrifft ihren Plan für 2022 – mit einem Umsatz von fast 700 Millionen Euro. 2023 soll schwächer werden – möglicherweise.
Uniklinik Bonn: Auf dem Weg zum digitalen Vorreiter
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: October 2023

Vor einem Jahr startete die Uniklinik Bonn den „Innovative Secure Medical Campus (ISMC)“. Das Projekt verbindet erstmals den digitalen Um- und Ausbau einer Universitätsklinik mit einem Cyber-Security-Konzept. Eine erste Bilanz fällt positiv aus.
Helios Cubes: Würfel mit Potenzial
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: October 2023

Sie heißen Cubes, sind würfelartige, mobile Einheiten, und sie sollen Ärzte zu den Menschen bringen – ohne dass die Mediziner vor Ort sind. Helios hat ein Konzept für die deutsche Provinz, dem jetzt nur noch die Finanzierung fehlt. Der Klinikriese sieht großes Potenzial.
Spitzenmedizin in München: „Wir werden Milliardenbeträge investieren“
Authors: Rößing Sabine
Published: October 2023

Der bayerische Wissenschaftsminister Markus Blume hat ehrgeizige Pläne für den Medizinstandort München. Mit dem neuen Bündnis „M1 – Munich Medicine Alliance“ soll Bayern die Nummer eins für Gesundheitsversorgung in Deutschland werden. kma traf ihn zum Gespräch.
Personaladministration: Personalverwaltung hochmodern aufgestellt
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: October 2023

Das Klinikum Braunschweig hat ein Human Capital Management System (HCM) eingeführt. Oliver Füllgraf, Geschäftsbereichsleiter Personal, erläutert die Vorteile gegenüber einer herkömmlichen Personalverwaltungssoftware, und wie das Klinikum die digitale Transformation des Personalwesens geplant und realisiert hat.
Patientenkommunikation: Digitale Unterstützung für die Pflege
Authors: Heinkel Magali , Nast-Kolb Julian , Hagner Nina
Published: October 2023

Pflegekräfte haben tagtäglich viele Patienten mit unterschiedlichen Bedürfnissen zu versorgen. Oft kommt da die direkte Betreuung zu kurz. Eine digitale Kommunikationslösung hilft, die verschiedenen Aufgaben zu priorisieren. Die Rostocker Unimedizin nutzt das Tool seit Januar – ein Erfahrungsbericht.
Lichtblick: Hightech für mehr Teilhabe
Authors: Hohnstein Aileen
Published: October 2023

Dieser Artikel ist nur als PDF-Dokument verfügbar.
Atomic-scale electronic inhomogeneity in single-layer iron chalcogenide alloys revealed by machine learning of STM/S data
Authors: Oli Basu Dev , Zou Qiang , Li Xin , Li Lian
Published: October 2023

Chemical pressure from the isovalent substitution of Se by a larger Te atom in the epitaxial film of iron chalcogenide FeSe can effectively tune its superconducting, topological, and magnetic properties. However, such substitution during epitaxial growth inherently leads to defects and structural inhomogeneity, making the determination of alloy composition and atomic sites for the substitutional Te atoms challenging. Here, we utilize machine learning to distinguish between Se and Te atoms in scanning tunneling microscopy images of single-layer FeSe1−xTex on SrTiO3(001) substrates. Defect locations are first identified by analyzing spatial-dependent dI/dV tunneling spectra using the K-means clustering method. After excluding the defect regions, the remaining dI/dV spectra are further analyzed using the singular value decomposition method to determine the Se/Te ratio. Our findings demonstrate an effective and reliable approach for determining alloy composition and atomic-scale electronic inhomogeneity in superconducting single-layer iron chalcogenide films.
Broadband second-harmonic generation based on orientation-patterned II-VI crystals
Authors: Lei Yongsheng , Yin Ming
Published: October 2023

Broadband second-harmonic generation (SHG) has important applications in many fields, such as femtosecond laser technology, optical communication, and biomedicine. The broadband SHG has been implemented in some crystals; however, it is not clear for forward and backward broadband quasi-phase-matching (QPM) SHGs in orientation-patterned Ⅱ-Ⅵ crystals. In this paper, the characters of orientation-patterned ZnS (OP-ZnS), orientation-patterned ZnSe (OP-ZnSe), and orientation-patterned CdTe (OP-CdTe) are, respectively, studied, including the forward broadband SHG and backward broadband SHG bandwidths at different temperatures. In addition, the influences of temperature on the forward broadband SHG bandwidth are investigated. The forward broadband QPM SHGs of OP-ZnS, OP-ZnSe, and OP-CdTe are obtained, and the backward broadband QPM SHGs cannot be obtained. The influence of temperature on the forward bandwidth is small.
Bayesian and non-Bayesian inference for inverse Weibull model based on jointly type-II hybrid censoring samples with modeling to physics data
Authors: Al Mutairi Aned , Khashab Rana H. , Almetwally Ehab M. , Abo-Kasem O. E. , Ibrahim Gamal M.
Published: October 2023

In recent years, there has been a lot of interest in the research of cooperative censoring schemes. In this work, we compared the relative benefits of two competing length-of-life products using inverse Weibull lifetime products with a joint type-II hybrid censoring scheme (JHC-Type II). We initially examined the maximum likelihood estimators and their confidence intervals (CIs) for the unknown parameters based on JHC-Type II. Then, under the premise of independent gamma priors, we offer Bayes estimates of the parameters using squared error loss and LINEX loss functions. We used the Markov chain Monte Carlo method to create credible intervals and Bayesian estimates. Based on the parametric bootstrapping techniques known as Boot-p and Boot-t, we create two bootstrapping CIs. In addition, we do a Monte Carlo simulation experiment to track how well the aforementioned approaches work and to determine the corresponding confidence and credible intervals. Finally, to show how the approaches covered in this paper might be used, we consider a real physical dataset.
Light Verb Constructions in English-Spanish translation
Authors: Rabadán Rosa
Published: October 2023

Light Verb Constructions (LVCs) are combinations of a partially delexicalized verb and a noun indicating an action or
an event (e. g., give a description). Studies modelled on the Meaning-Text theory and qualia roles of the Generative
Lexicon model propose that LVCs combine nouns and verbs according to shared underlying, underspecified semantic features. This paper
explores these features’ role in translating English LVCs into Spanish. Data come from the parallel corpus P-ACTRES 2.0, including fiction
and nonfiction materials. Results indicate that translation choices for LVCs with have, take, make/do, and
give are governed by the same notions of transference, inception, and volition that determine their combinatorial
compatibility. Register also seems to influence the choice. This information may prove significant to machine translation, bi/multilingual
writing support, and post-editing.
run away!
Authors: Labrador Belén
Published: October 2023

Drawing on a previous translation-based study on the manner and path of motion in English and Spanish (Labrador 2018), this paper examines a tier-1 word (Beck et al. 2002), the verb run, with the aim of illustrating how parallel corpora can assist in revealing the iceberg underneath the tip of core vocabulary, i.e., in providing the co-text, uses and translations of basic words. The parallel corpus P-ACTRES has been used to analyze all the occurrences of run, comparing fiction and non-fiction, identifying the most frequent collocates, and contrasting its use followed by a satellite with the corresponding translations. The results show a more frequent use of this combination in fiction and crosslinguistic differences in terms of patterns and collocates in the expression of motion.
Film dialogue synchronization and statistical dubbese
Authors: Gutiérrez Lanza Camino
Published: October 2023

This paper reports on one of the main problem-triggers in film dialogue synchronization for dubbing: conversational markers (CMs). The synchronized film scripts (TT2s) from the TRACEci corpus of English-Spanish cinema scripts, ready to be delivered by dubbing actors, are compared with their draft translations (TT1s) and with non-translated Spanish data from the
guiones
subcorpus of CORPES XXI. Results confirm that the number of CMs has been reduced in the TT2s in favor of synchronization and that certain CMs are indicators of English-Spanish statistical dubbese (overuse), causing unwanted redundancy. The analysis benefits from corpus data and is intended to help both students and professionals to improve the acceptability of their translations.
Opera audio description in the spoken-written language continuum
Authors: Hermosa-Ramírez Irene
Published: October 2023

Corpus linguistics research on audio description (AD) – the verbal rendering of visual information generally targeted at people with visual impairment – has focused on film and museums. The present corpus gathers opera AD scripts from the Liceu opera house (Bacelona) and Teatro Real (Madrid), and sorts them into four subcorpora, two devoted to AD throughout the performance and two comprising audio introductions (AI). I set to interrogate where opera AD falls in the spoken-written language continuum. The results suggest that all subcorpora are of a high lexical density, and in terms of lexical variation, the standardised type-token ratio remains below 50%. The mean sentence and word length, and the Flesch-Szigriszt readability results lead us to place the AIs closer to written language than ADs.
Gravitational decoherence by the apparatus in the quantum-gravity-induced entanglement of masses
Authors: Gunnink Fabian , Mazumdar Anupam , Schut Martine , Toroš Marko
Published: October 2023

One of the outstanding questions in modern physics is how to test whether gravity is classical or quantum in a laboratory. Recently there has been a proposal to test the quantum nature of gravity by creating quantum superpositions of two nearby neutral masses, close enough that the quantum nature of gravity can entangle the two quantum systems, but still sufficiently far away that all other known Standard Model interactions remain negligible. However, preparing superposition states of a neutral mass (the light system) requires the vicinity of laboratory apparatus (the heavy system). We will suppose that such a heavy system can be modelled as another quantum system; since gravity is universal, the lighter system can get entangled with the heavier system, providing an inherent source of gravitational decoherence. In this paper, we will consider a toy model composed of two light and two heavy quantum oscillators prepared in the motional ground state, forming pairs of probe-detector systems, and study under what conditions the entanglement between two light systems evades the decoherence induced by the heavy systems. We conclude by estimating the decoherence in the proposed experiment for testing the quantum nature of gravity.
A comparative study of the physical properties of layered transition metal nitride halides MNCl (M = Zr, Hf): DFT based insights
Authors: Azad Shaher , Rano B Rahman , Syed Ishtiaque M , Naqib S H
Published: October 2023

ZrNCl and HfNCl belong to a class of layered transition metal nitride halides MNCl (M = Zr, Hf). They are from the space group R-3m (No-166) and crystallize in the rhombohedral structure. Both of these materials have shown promising semiconducting behaviors. Recent studies showed their versatility as semiconductors and also as superconductors when intercalated with alkaline metals. This paper explores the mechanical, optical and electronic properties of these two semiconducting crystals in depth. A comparative study between the two materials in their elastic constants, anisotropy measures, electronic density of states and band structures, optical spectra has been performed with first principles density functional theory (DFT) based calculations within the local density approximation (with appropriate U for the energy gap calculations in case of HfNCl). HfNCl is more machinable than ZrNCl and is relatively softer as indicated by the lower Debye temperature. ZrNCl has stronger layering due to which it exhibits brittle nature. HfNCl has a larger band gap. ZrNCl is a better reflector of ultraviolet radiation. On the other hand, HfNCl is a good ultraviolet absorber. Both materials are anisotropic in regards to structure, electronic energy dispersion and optical parameters. Overall, the degree of anisotropy is more prominent in ZrNCl compared to that in HfNCl. Possible sectors for applications of the ZrNCl and HfNCl semiconductors are discussed.
A search for a muon to electron conversion in COMET
Authors: Fujii Yuki ,   the COMET collaboration
Published: October 2023

The COMET experiment at J-PARC, Japan, aims to search for muon to electron conversion with
aluminium nuclei, achieving a sensitivity four orders of magnitude higher than the current upper
limit at a 90% confidence level. The proton beam line has recently been completed, and muons
have been successfully transported through the curved solenoid in the Phase-alpha of the
experiment. In this paper, we will present preliminary results from the Phase-alpha beam
measurement, the status of the intermediate sensitivity experiment (COMET Phase-I), and the
ultimate goal of COMET Phase-II.
Quantum curl forces
Authors: Berry M V , Shukla Pragya
Published: October 2023

Classical nonhamiltonian dynamics, driven by external ‘curl forces’ (which are not the gradient of a potential) is extended to the quantum domain. This is a generalisation of the two-stage Madelung procedure for the quantum Hamiltonian case: (i) considering not individual trajectories but families of them, characterised by their velocity and density fields (both functions of position and in general time); and (ii) adding the gradient of the quantum potential to the external curl force. Curl forces require the velocity field to have nonzero vorticity, so there is no underlying singlevalued wavefunction. Two explicit examples are presented. A possible experiment would be the motion of small particles with complex polarisability, influenced by forces from optical fields.
Optimized 3D interconnected foam-like NiO@rGO composite as a binder-free electrode for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitor
Authors: Liu Song , Shao Siqi , Xue Changguo , Li Jianjun
Published: October 2023

Bonding of transition metal oxides and highly conductive carbon materials to exploit the synergistic effect of both materials has been proven to be an efficient means to develop high-capacity electrode materials. A unique interconnected foam-like NiO@rGO structure was constructed by loading the NiO nanoparticles onto rGO frameworks as a binder-free supercapacitor electrode via three steps including hydrothermal reaction, electrodeposition and heating treatment. The morphology and crystallinity were tuned by controlling the electrodeposition time and heating temperature, and the electrochemical properties of the NiO@rGO composites were systematically investigated. The optimized NiO@rGO-250 composite showed excellent electrochemical properties (1399 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) and superior cycling stability. Furthermore, an asymmetric supercapacitor using NiO@rGO and active carbon as two electrodes achieved a high specific energy of 40.4 Wh k g−1 at a specific power of 750 W k g−1.
Deformation spaces and static animations
Authors: Dorfsman-Hopkins Gabriel
Published: October 2023

We study applications of 3D printing to the broad goal of understanding how mathematical objects vary continuously in families. To do so, we model the varying parameter as the vertical axis of a 3D print, introducing the notion of a static animation: a 3D printed object each of whose layers is a member of the continuously deforming family. We survey examples and draw connections to algebraic geometry, complex dynamics, chaos theory, and more. We also include a detailed tutorial (with accompanying code and files) so that the reader can create static animations of their own.
Teaching 3D printing and mathematics at a small public liberal arts college
Authors: Sterling Ivan
Published: October 2023

This article is about 3D Printing and Mathematics courses and independent projects I have taught or mentored since Fall 2016. My goal is to convey the remarkable overall success of these classes and projects. The students displayed excitement about their projects, showed imagination and originality, and learned a wide variety of skills. In this article we’ve selected samples which include soap bubbles, geometric fabrics, an ellipsoidal dancer, packing tetrahedra into a sphere, and a calculus toolbox. For readers who are considering teaching a 3D Printing course, my hope is that this article will be of some help.
Single-cell gene set scoring with nearest neighbor graph smoothed data (gssnng)
Authors: Gibbs David L , Strasser Michael K , Huang Sui
Published: October 2023

Gene set scoring (or enrichment) is a common dimension reduction task in bioinformatics that can be focused on the differences between groups or at the single sample level. Gene sets can represent biological functions, molecular pathways, cell identities, and more. Gene set scores are context dependent values that are useful for interpreting biological changes following experiments or perturbations. Single sample scoring produces a set of scores, one for each member of a group, which can be analyzed with statistical models that can include additional clinically important factors such as gender or age. However, the sparsity and technical noise of single-cell expression measures create difficulties for these methods, which were originally designed for bulk expression profiling (microarrays, RNAseq). This can be greatly remedied by first applying a smoothing transformation that shares gene measure information within transcriptomic neighborhoods. In this work, we use the nearest neighbor graph of cells for matrix smoothing to produce high quality gene set scores on a per-cell, per-group, level which is useful for visualization and statistical analysis.

Availability and implementation

The gssnng software is available using the python package index (PyPI) and works with Scanpy AnnData objects. It can be installed using “pip install gssnng.” More information and demo notebooks: see https://github.com/IlyaLab/gssnng.
P-MSC-derived extracellular vesicles facilitate diabetic wound healing via miR-145-5p/ CDKN1A-mediated functional improvements of high glucose-induced senescent fibroblasts
Authors: Su Jianlong , Wei Qian , Ma Kui , Wang Yaxi , Hu Wenzhi , Meng Hao , Li Qiankun , Zhang Yuehou , Zhang Wenhua , Li Haihong , Fu Xiaobing , Zhang Cuiping
Published: October 2023

Background

Persistent hyperglycaemia in diabetes causes functional abnormalities of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), partially leading to delayed skin wound healing. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing multiple pro-healing microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to exert therapeutic effects on diabetic wound healing. The present study aimed to observe the effects of EVs derived from placental mesenchymal stem cells (P-MSC-EVs) on diabetic wound healing and high glucose (HG)-induced senescent fibroblasts and to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Methods

P-MSC-EVs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation and locally injected into the full-thickness skin wounds of diabetic mice, to observe the beneficial effects on wound healing in vivo by measuring wound closure rates and histological analysis. Next, a series of assays were conducted to evaluate the effects of low (2.28 x 1010 particles/ml) and high (4.56 x 1010 particles/ml) concentrations of P-MSC-EVs on the senescence, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of HG-induced senescent HDFs in vitro. Then, miRNA microarrays and real-time quantitative PCR (RT–qPCR) were carried out to detect the differentially expressed miRNAs in HDFs after EVs treatment. Specific RNA inhibitors, miRNA mimics, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used to evaluate the role of a candidate miRNA and its target genes in P-MSC-EV-induced improvements in the function of HG-induced senescent HDFs.

Results

Local injection of P-MSC-EVs into diabetic wounds accelerated wound closure and reduced scar widths, with better-organized collagen deposition and decreased p16INK4a expression. In vitro, P-MSC-EVs enhanced the antisenescence, proliferation, migration, and antiapoptotic abilities of HG-induced senescent fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. MiR-145-5p was found to be highly enriched in P-MSC-EVs. MiR-145-5p inhibitors effectively attenuated the P-MSC-EV-induced functional improvements of senescent fibroblasts. MiR-145-5p mimics simulated the effects of P-MSC-EVs on functional improvements of fibroblasts by suppressing the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A and activating the extracellular signal regulated kinase (Erk)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway. Furthermore, local application of miR-145-5p agomir mimicked the effects of P-MSC-EVs on wound healing.

Conclusions

These results suggest that P-MSC-EVs accelerate diabetic wound healing by improving the function of senescent fibroblasts through the transfer of miR-145-5p, which targets cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A to activate the Erk/Akt signaling pathway. P-MSC-EVs are promising therapeutic candidates for diabetic wound treatment.
A chromosome-level reference genome for the common octopus, Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797)
Authors: Destanović Dalila , Schultz Darrin T , Styfhals Ruth , Cruz Fernando , Gómez-Garrido Jèssica , Gut Marta , Gut Ivo , Fiorito Graziano , Simakov Oleg , Alioto Tyler S , Ponte Giovanna , Seuntjens Eve
Published: October 2023

Cephalopods are emerging animal models and include iconic species for studying the link between genomic innovations and physiological and behavioral complexities. Coleoid cephalopods possess the largest nervous system among invertebrates, both for cell counts and brain-to-body ratio. Octopus vulgaris has been at the center of a long-standing tradition of research into diverse aspects of cephalopod biology, including behavioral and neural plasticity, learning and memory recall, regeneration, and sophisticated cognition. However, no chromosome-scale genome assembly was available for O. vulgaris to aid in functional studies. To fill this gap, we sequenced and assembled a chromosome-scale genome of the common octopus, O. vulgaris. The final assembly spans 2.8 billion basepairs, 99.34% of which are in 30 chromosome-scale scaffolds. Hi-C heatmaps support a karyotype of 1n = 30 chromosomes. Comparisons with other octopus species' genomes show a conserved octopus karyotype and a pattern of local genome rearrangements between species. This new chromosome-scale genome of O. vulgaris will further facilitate research in all aspects of cephalopod biology, including various forms of plasticity and the neural machinery underlying sophisticated cognition, as well as an understanding of cephalopod evolution.
Differential Longitudinal Associations Between Domains of Cognitive Function and Physical Function: A 20-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Sala Giovanni , Nishita Yukiko , Tange Chikako , Zhang Shu , Ando Fujiko , Shimokata Hiroshi , Otsuka Rei , Arai Hidenori
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Cognitive and physical functions are both associated with disability and death. Recent studies have addressed the relationship between cognitive declines and physical declines; however, whether various facets of cognition are diversely associated with specific physical functions is yet to be ascertained. The present work examines the longitudinal associations between fluid and crystallized cognitive functions (Gf and Gc) and physical functions.

Methods

The sample consisted of 863 community-dwelling older adults (baseline age 60–79 years) from the National Institute for Longevity Sciences-Longitudinal Study of Aging. The participants were tested on a set of Gf and Gc tests and physical tests (grip strength and gait speed). We ran a series of Multivariate Latent Growth Curve models. Specifically, we tested the relationship between cognitive and physical functions in terms of baseline performance (intercept) and rate of change (slope).

Results

The slope–slope correlations between Gf and physical function were large (grip strength r = 0.64 and gait speed r = 0.68, ps < .001). By contrast, the slope correlations between Gc and physical functions were weak (rs ≤ 0.31) and barely or marginally significant (ps ≤ .06).

Discussion

The results show that distinct domains of cognitive functions have different associations with physical functions. Namely, the aging-associated declines in the tested physical functions are robustly correlated with the declines in Gf, but are only weakly correlated with the declines in Gc. Therefore, Gc measures may be poor proxies for the patient’s frailty and should be considered with caution in clinical assessment.