bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Dioxolan Derivatives of Indole as HIV‐1 Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors Active Against RAL Resistant Mutant Virus
Authors: Singh Raja , Yadav Pooja , Urvashi  , Tandon Vibha
Published: October 2016

Drugs have been discovered to treat HIV‐1 but mutation in virus causing resistance to drug, necessitates a continuous development of novel molecules. We have developed new chemical constructs that target HIV‐1 integrase (HIV‐IN) and it's mutant. We have evaluated 22 dioxolan and malonyl derivatives of indole. It was observed that C‐3 substituted dioxolan derivatives 13 c and 13 o exhibited outstanding strand transfer inhibitory activity with IC50 at 5.7 and 0.2 μM respectively. The therapeutic index of 13 o was comparable to raltegravir (RAL). Compounds 13 c and 13 o not only showed excellent antiviral activity (EC50) in wild type, a moderate activity was also observed against mutant IN i. e. G140S (4.7 and 0.2 μM) and Y143R (5.0 and 0.37 μM) respectively. The computational study suggested that these inhibitors bind centrally at the active site of integrase making a close contact with the residues in or around the active site of wild type and mutant proteins. Thus the newly synthesized dioxolan derivatives opened the possibility for development of more effective IN inhibitors exploiting the strategy mentioned in our paper.
Fabrication of a Stainless‐Steel‐Mesh‐Supported Hierarchical Fe2O3@NiCo2O4 Core‐Shell Tubular Array Anode for Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Chu Qingxin , Yang Bin , Wang Wei , Tong Wenming , Wang Xiaofeng , Liu Xiaoyang , Chen Jiuhua
Published: October 2016

Core‐shell architectures with hollow micro‐structures have exhibited many potential applications in electrochemical energy storage fields. In this study, hierarchical Fe2O3@NiCo2O4 core‐shell tubular arrays have been synthesized by a multistep chemical bath deposition method. The obtained samples have been fully characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The results show that NiCo2O4 nanosheets have been uniformly coated on the Fe2O3 tubular array obtained by ZnO array template. When tested as an anode for lithium ion battery, the Fe2O3@NiCo2O4 tubular arrays have been found to exhibit an improved specific capacity of 587 mAh g−1 at a current density of 1000 mA g−1, good rate capability and cycling stability.
Heteroatom Promoted Cycloadditions for Graphene
Authors: Denis Pablo A.
Published: October 2016

Although Diels‐Alder and [2+2] cycloadditions have been performed onto graphene, defects are required to facilitate them. We report that heteroatom doping is a novel approach to promote these reactions onto graphene, by increasing reaction energies up to five times with respect to undoped graphene. The dopants introduced define the cycloaddition product. For example, Silicon facilitates [4+2] processes while Sulfur, Nitrogen and Boron give [2+2] products.
Firm‐specific knowledge assets and employment arrangements: Evidence from CEO compensation design and CEO dismissal
Authors: Wang Heli , Zhao Shan , Chen Guoli
Published: October 2016

Research summary: We argue that firms with greater specificity in knowledge structure need to both encourage their CEOs to stay so that they make investments with a long‐term perspective, and provide job securities to the CEOs so that they are less concerned about the risk of being dismissed. Accordingly, we found empirical evidence that specificity in firm knowledge assets is positively associated with the use of restricted stocks in CEO compensation design (indicating the effort of CEO retention) and negatively associated with CEO dismissal (indicating the job securities the firm committed to CEOs). Furthermore, firm diversification was found to mitigate the effect of firm‐specific knowledge on both CEO compensation design and CEO dismissal, as CEOs are more removed from the deployment of knowledge resources in diversified firms.

Managerial summary: A firm's knowledge structure, that is, the extent to which its knowledge assets are firm‐specific versus general, has implications for both CEO compensation design and CEO dismissal. In particular, we find that a firm with a high level of firm‐specific knowledge has the incentive to retain its CEO through the use of restricted stocks in CEO compensation. Such a firm is also likely to provide job security for its CEO, leading to a lower likelihood of CEO dismissal. These arguments, however, are less likely to hold in diversified corporations as CEOs in such corporations are more removed from the deployment of knowledge assets. A key managerial implication is that CEO compensation and job security design should be made according to the nature of firm knowledge assets. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Revisiting the Anterior Rectus Sheath Repair for Incisional Hernia: A 10‐Year Experience
Authors: Hodgman Erica I. , Watson Mark J.
Published: October 2016

Background

Surgeons continue to seek an incisional hernia repair technique which minimizes cost and morbidity while maximizing durability. We present a single surgeon’s experience with a technique described by N.L. Browse and J.P. Chevrel in 1979.

Methods

The Chevrel/Browse repair consists of a bilateral anterior rectus sheath release, hernia sac imbrication, bilateral rectus complex medialization, and repair reinforcement with an anterior prosthetic mesh. Data were collected on all patients who underwent herniorrhaphy between April 2003 and April 2013.

Results

A total of 123 patients underwent repair. These had undergone an average of 2.6 prior abdominal operations and 0.7 prior hernia repairs; the average defect size was 64.77 ± 86.79 cm2. Twelve patients had lateral components release in addition to release of the anterior rectus sheath to achieve midline re‐approximation with minimal tension. Synthetic mesh was used in 81 % of repairs and biologic mesh in 19 %. The most common complications were seroma formation (21 %) and incisional skin breakdown (30 %); no deaths occurred. The overall recurrence rate was 5.1 %, and 7 % for the group which had follow‐up greater than 36 months. Use of biologic mesh increased the rate of seroma formation compared with synthetic mesh (50 vs. 14 %, p < 0.001), but did not increase the rate of wound breakdown (36.3 vs. 29.6 %, p = 0.72).

Conclusion

This case series describes the utilization of anterior rectus sheath release and mesh placement which is anterior to the rectus muscle. Hernia recurrence and intra‐abdominal complications are observed to be uncommon after repair using this technique. Future prospective randomized studies are warranted.
Positive serum ethanol concentration on admission to hospital as the factor predictive of treatment outcome in acute methanol poisoning
Authors: Zakharov Sergey , Nurieva Olga , Kotikova Katerina , Belacek Jaromir , Navratil Tomas , Pelclova Daniela
Published: October 2016

Mass methanol poisonings present a serious problem for health systems worldwide, with poor outcome associated with delayed treatment. Positive pre-hospital serum ethanol concentration may have predictive value as the prognostic factor of the treatment outcome. We studied the effect of positive serum ethanol level on admission to hospital on survival in patients treated during the Czech methanol outbreak during 2012–2014. Cross-sectional cohort study was performed in 100 hospitalized patients with confirmed methanol poisoning. Pre-hospital ethanol was administered in 42 patients (by paramedic/medical staff to 30 patients and self-administered by 12 patients before admission); 58 patients did not receive pre-hospital ethanol. Forty-two patients had detectable serum ethanol concentration on admission to hospital [median 18.3 (IQR 6.6–32.2) mmol dm−3]. Pre-hospital ethanol administration by paramedic/medical staff had a significant effect on survival without visual and CNS sequelae when adjusted for arterial blood pH on admission (OR 8.73; 95 % CI 3.57–21.34; p < 0.001). No patients receiving pre-hospital ethanol died compared with 21 not receiving (p < 0.001). Positive serum ethanol concentration on admission to hospital was a predictor for survival without health sequelae when adjusted for arterial blood pH (OR 8.10; 95 % CI 2.85–23.02; p < 0.001). The probability of visual and CNS sequelae in survivors reduced with increasing serum ethanol concentration on admission.

Graphical abstract
Human and Cattle Remains in a Simultaneous Deposit in the Hellenistic Necropolis of Jal al Bahr in Tyre: Initial Investigations
Authors: Elias N. , Hourani Y. , Arbogast R.-M. , Sachau-Carcel G. , Badawi A. , Castex D.
Published: October 2016

Excavations at the Hellenistic necropolis of Jal al Bahr in Tyre (southern Lebanon) have uncovered eight human skeletons buried together with the remains of five cattle crania and mandibles and five vertebral segments (thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae in various combinations). This deposit, which is separate from the primary single burials in the necropolis, revealed human bodies buried in atypical positions simultaneously with cattle remains and has raised the question of the significance of these remains. Archaeoanthropological and archaeozoological approaches were used in this study to elucidate and discuss funerary practices that differed from the classic burial practices known to exist in Hellenistic Tyre.
The Contributions of Places to Metropolitan Ethnoracial Diversity and Segregation: Decomposing Change Across Space and Time
Authors: Fowler Christopher S. , Lee Barrett A. , Matthews Stephen A.
Published: October 2016

Although the trend toward greater ethnoracial diversity in the United States has been documented at a variety of geographic scales, most research tracks diversity one scale at a time. Our study bridges scales, asking how the diversity and segregation patterns of metropolitan areas are influenced by shifts in the racial/ethnic composition of their constituent places. Drawing on 1980–2010 decennial census data, we use a new visual tool to compare the distributions of place diversity for 50 U.S. metro areas over three decades. We also undertake a decomposition analysis of segregation within these areas to evaluate hypotheses about the roles of different types of places in ethnoracial change. The decomposition indicates that although principal cities continue to shape the overall diversity of metro areas, their relative impact has declined since 1980. Inner suburbs have experienced substantial increases in diversity during the same period. Places with large white majorities now contribute more to overall metropolitan diversity than in the past. In contrast, majority black and majority Hispanic places contribute less to metropolitan diversity than in the past. The complexity of the patterns we observe is underscored through an inspection of two featured metropolises: Chicago and Dallas.
Educating physicians in evidence based medicine: current practices and curricular strategies
Authors: Maggio Lauren A.
Published: October 2016

Introduction Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is an expectation of professional healthcare and a requisite component of medical school curricula. However, upon graduation medical students’ EBM skills have been found lacking suggesting a need to examine EBM training.
Methods This PhD report presents two studies on EBM education. The first study is a literature review that describes and attempts to assess educational interventions for teaching medical students EBM. The second study presents a multi-institutional case study conducted in North America using interviews and curricular materials to identify EBM instructors’ perceptions of challenges that may impede medical students’ efforts to learn EBM.
Results The literature review analyzed 20 learning interventions from 12 countries that were presented in classrooms (75 %) and clinics (25 %). The steps of EBM were addressed to varying degrees. It was not possible to draw conclusions about the efficacy of the interventions due to lack of detailed reporting. The qualitative study identified four learning challenges: sub-optimal role models, student lack of willingness to admit uncertainty, lack of clinical context, and difficulty mastering EBM skills. To meet these challenges, participants described interventions such as integrating EBM skills with other content/courses, incorporating clinical content into EBM teaching, providing faculty development, using whole-task EBM activities, and longitudinal integration of EBM across the curriculum.
Conclusion This PhD report takes steps to describe and assess EBM learning interventions, presents student learning challenges and looks at approaches institutions take to meet them.
Nuclear but not mitochondrial‐encoded oxidative phosphorylation genes are altered in aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Mastroeni Diego , Khdour Omar M. , Delvaux Elaine , Nolz Jennifer , Olsen Gary , Berchtold Nicole , Cotman Carl , Hecht Sidney M. , Coleman Paul D.
Published: October 2016

Introduction

We have comprehensively described the expression profiles of mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA genes that encode subunits of the respiratory oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes (I–V) in the hippocampus from young controls, age matched, mild cognitively impaired (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects.

Methods

Hippocampal tissues from 44 non‐AD controls (NC), 10 amnestic MCI, and 18 AD cases were analyzed on Affymetrix Hg‐U133 plus 2.0 arrays.

Results

The microarray data revealed significant down regulation in OXPHOS genes in AD, particularly those encoded in the nucleus. In contrast, there was up regulation of the same gene(s) in MCI subjects compared to AD and ND cases. No significant differences were observed in mtDNA genes identified in the array between AD, ND, and MCI subjects except one mt‐ND6.

Discussion

Our findings suggest that restoration of the expression of nuclear‐encoded OXPHOS genes in aging could be a viable strategy for blunting AD progression.
Interoceptive Awareness Moderates the Relationship Between Perceived and Physiological Genital Arousal in Women
Authors: Handy Ariel B. , Meston Cindy M.
Published: October 2016

Introduction

In general, laboratory studies have shown low correlations between subjective (ie, self-report) and physiologic (ie, vaginal pulse amplitude) measurements of sexual arousal in women. One explanation for this presumed low concordance is that women might not be attending to their genital responses and/or might be unable to accurately perceive their genital responses.

Aim

To examine the extent to which women can perceive their genital arousal sensations, the role that interoceptive awareness plays in this ability, and whether interoceptive awareness influences sexual concordance in women.

Methods

Twenty-six sexually functional women viewed an erotic film while their physiologic and perceived genital sexual arousal levels were measured continuously. Self-report measurements of sexual function and bodily awareness also were administered.

Main Outcome Measures

Physiologic sexual arousal was measured with a vaginal photoplethysmograph, and perception of genital arousal was measured with an arousometer. Degree of bodily awareness was measured with the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness questionnaire.

Results

Women exhibited a significant degree of agreement between physiologic and perceived genital arousal (P < .05). Interoceptive awareness was found to significantly moderate this relation (P < 0.05), such that a greater degree of interoceptive awareness facilitated greater agreement between physiologic and perceived genital arousal. Interoceptive awareness also was found to facilitate greater concordance between subjective and physiologic sexual arousal (P < .05).

Conclusion

Women can perceive their genital response, and interoceptive awareness influences this ability and the relation between subjective and physiologic sexual arousal. Increasing bodily awareness could be a plausible route for treatment development.
Stone Tools in Human Evolution
Authors: Shea John J.
Published: October 2016

In Stone Tools in Human Evolution, John J. Shea argues that over the last three million years hominins' technological strategies shifted from occasional tool use, much like that seen among living non-human primates, to a uniquely human pattern of obligatory tool use. Examining how the lithic archaeological record changed over the course of human evolution, he compares tool use by living humans and non-human primates and predicts how the archaeological stone tool evidence should have changed as distinctively human behaviors evolved. Those behaviors include using cutting tools, logistical mobility (carrying things), language and symbolic artifacts, geographic dispersal and diaspora, and residential sedentism (living in the same place for prolonged periods). Shea then tests those predictions by analyzing the archaeological lithic record from 6,500 years ago to 3.5 million years ago.
Exploring the Impact of Job Insecurity on Employees’ Unethical Behavior
Authors: Lawrence Ericka R. , Kacmar K. Michele
Published: October 2016

The multitude of corporate scandals has prompted research that examines factors that influence an individual’s engagement in unethical behavior. This article extends previous research by examining the psychological processes through which unethical behavior may occur. We develop and test a model that uses self-regulation theory to explain and predict how and under what circumstances individuals are likely to engage in unethical behavior. Results from data collected from 107 professionals at two points in time and 205 employees from various industries confirm that job insecurity increases emotional exhaustion, which subsequently impairs an employee’s ability to activate self-regulating processes to avoid engaging in unethical behavior. However, the link between job insecurity and emotional exhaustion as well as the mediated relationship between job insecurity and unethical behavior through emotional exhaustion are weaker for employees who have high adaptability and stronger for employees who are highly embedded in their organization.
Empty Promises and the Myth of Mining: Does Mining Lead to Pro-Poor Development?
Authors: MEYERSFELD Bonita
Published: October 2016

Mining operations in the Global South often worsen conditions for affected communities after the conclusion of the operations as compared to pre-mining conditions. This is regression, not progress, which is contrary to the narrative surrounding mining’s promise of economic growth. While mining certainly brings profit, this profit does not result in social and economic development of affected communities and people living in poverty. This is the ‘myth of mining’ and the objective of this article is to expose this myth, identify its failings and propose a notion of ‘equitable mining’ that could ensure a pro-poor mining industry.
Cognitive and Affective Empathy Disruption in Non-Fluent Primary Progressive Aphasia Syndromes
Authors: Hazelton Jessica L. , Irish Muireann , Hodges John R. , Piguet Olivier , Kumfor Fiona
Published: October 2016

Empathy involves being able to understand and respond to others’ emotional experiences. Whilst deficits in empathy have been observed in frontotemporal dementia, the extent to which empathy is disrupted in dementia syndromes with predominant language impairment remains unclear. The current study investigated cognitive and affective empathy in the two non-fluent primary progressive aphasia syndromes: progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA) and logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA). Informants of 23 PNFA and 16 LPA patients completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), regarding patients’ capacity for empathy pre- and post-disease onset. Twenty-four healthy control participants completed the self-rated IRI for comparison of post-disease empathy capabilities. Within-group analyses revealed reduced cognitive empathy and increased personal distress in both patient groups. In addition, lowered affective empathy was reported in PNFA, with a similar trend observed in LPA. Interestingly, reduced affective empathy was associated with greater carer burden in LPA. Between-group analyses revealed reduced cognitive empathy in both patient groups relative to controls. The current study is the first to document empathy changes in PNFA and LPA, offering insight into the social cognitive deficits experienced in these syndromes. Future neuroimaging studies are needed to identify the underlying neural correlates and mechanisms driving empathy deficits in PNFA and LPA.
Bioinspired Actuators and Sensors
Authors: Taya Minoru , Van Volkenburgh E. , Mizunami Makoto , Nomura Shûhei
Published: October 2016

From authors renowned in the fields of engineering and biology, this is the first book to integrate sensor and actuator technology with bioinspired design. Beginning with detailed descriptions of actuation and sensing mechanisms in plants and animals, the authors move on to apply these principles to synthetic design, offering in-depth knowledge of the development of state-of-the-art smart materials and devices. All of this is supported with a range of real-world applications, from tactile sensory systems in insects linked with the development of robotic hands, to the structural colour systems in nature used to inspire camouflage technology. Further examples are given of successful designs along with their integrated autonomous systems, such as flying and swimming, unmanned systems, and autonomous zero-energy building design. With a wide interdisciplinary appeal, this is an ideal resource for any student, practising engineer, or researcher interested in the connection between natural systems and synthetic design.
The World Reimagined
Authors: Bradley Mark Philip
Published: October 2016

Concerns about rights in the United States have a long history, but the articulation of global human rights in the twentieth century was something altogether different. Global human rights offered individuals unprecedented guarantees beyond the nation for the protection of political, economic, social and cultural freedoms. The World Reimagined explores how these revolutionary developments first became believable to Americans in the 1940s and the 1970s through everyday vernaculars as they emerged in political and legal thought, photography, film, novels, memoirs and soundscapes. Together, they offered fundamentally novel ways for Americans to understand what it means to feel free, culminating in today's ubiquitous moral language of human rights. Set against a sweeping transnational canvas, the book presents a new history of how Americans thought and acted in the twentieth-century world.
The Botany of Mangroves
Authors: Tomlinson P. Barry
Published: October 2016

Mangroves are distinctive tropical plant communities that occupy the intertidal zone between sea and land. They are of major ecological importance, have economic value as a source of food and raw materials, and serve as a buffer from flooding and climate change-induced sea level rise. Mangroves are under threat from pollution, clearance and over-exploitation, and increasing concern has driven demand for an improved understanding of mangrove species. This book provides an introduction to mangroves, including their taxonomy, habitat-specific features, reproduction and socio-economic value. Fully updated to reflect the last two decades of research, this new edition of a key text includes newly documented taxa, new understandings of vivipary and the evolution of mangrove species, and a rich set of colour illustrations. It will appeal to researchers and students across a range of disciplines, including botany, ecology and zoology.
The Schematic State
Authors: Thompson Debra
Published: October 2016

By examining the political development of racial classifications on the national censuses of the United States, Canada, and Great Britain, The Schematic State maps the changing nature of the census from an instrument historically used to manage and control racial populations to its contemporary purpose as an important source of statistical information, employed to monitor and rectify racial discrimination. Through a careful comparative analysis of nearly two hundred years of census-taking, it demonstrates that changes in racial schemas are driven by the interactions among shifting transnational ideas about race, the ways they are tempered and translated by nationally distinct racial projects, and the configuration of political institutions involved in the design and execution of census policy. This book argues that states seek to make their populations racially legible, turning the fluid and politically contested substance of race into stable, identifiable categories to be used as the basis of law and policy.
Geomorphology in the Anthropocene
Authors: Goudie Andrew S. , Viles Heather A.
Published: October 2016

The Anthropocene is a major new concept in the Earth sciences and this book examines the effects on geomorphology within this period. Drawing examples from many different global environments, this comprehensive volume demonstrates that human impact on landforms and land-forming processes is profound, due to various driving forces, including: use of fire; extinction of fauna; development of agriculture, urbanisation, and globalisation; and new methods of harnessing energy. The book explores the ways in which future climate change due to anthropogenic causes may further magnify effects on geomorphology, with respect to future hazards such as floods and landslides, the state of the cryosphere, and sea level. The book concludes with a consideration of the ways in which landforms are now being managed and protected. Covering all major aspects of geomorphology, this book is ideal for undergraduate and graduate students studying geomorphology, environmental science and physical geography, and for all researchers of geomorphology.
Applied Conic Finance
Authors: Madan Dilip , Schoutens Wim
Published: October 2016

This is a comprehensive introduction to the brand new theory of conic finance, also referred to as the two-price theory, which determines bid and ask prices in a consistent and fundamentally motivated manner. Whilst theories of one price classically eliminate all risk, the concept of acceptable risks is critical to the foundations of the two-price theory which sees risk elimination as typically unattainable in a modern financial economy. Practical examples and case studies provide the reader with a comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of the theory, a variety of advanced quantitative models, and numerous real-world applications, including portfolio theory, option positioning, hedging, and trading contexts. This book offers a quantitative and practical approach for readers familiar with the basics of mathematical finance to allow them to boldly go where no quant has gone before.
Anti-Jewish Riots in the Crown of Aragon and the Royal Response, 1391–1392
Authors: Gampel Benjamin R.
Published: October 2016

The most devastating attacks against the Jews of medieval Christian Europe took place during the riots that erupted, in 1391 and 1392, in the lands of Castile and Aragon. For ten horrific months, hundreds if not thousands of Jews were killed, numerous Jewish institutions destroyed, and many Jews forcibly converted to Christianity. Benjamin Gampel explores why the famed convivencia of medieval Iberian society - in which Christians, Muslims and Jews seemingly lived together in relative harmony - was conspicuously absent. Using extensive archival evidence, this critical volume explores the social, religious, political, and economic tensions at play in each affected town. The relationships, biographies and personal dispositions of the royal family are explored to understand why monarchic authority failed to protect the Jews during these violent months. Gampel's extensive study is essential for scholars and graduate students of medieval Iberian and Jewish history.
Incentivized Development in China
Authors: Bulman David J.
Published: October 2016

China's economy, as a whole, has developed rapidly over the past 35 years, and yet its richest county is over 100 times richer in per capita terms than its poorest county. To explain this vast variation in development, David J. Bulman investigates the political foundations of local economic growth in China, focusing on the institutional and economic roles of county-level leaders and the career incentives that shape their behaviour. Through a close examination of six counties complemented by unique nation-wide data, he presents and explores two related questions: what is the role of County Party Secretaries in determining local governance and growth outcomes? And why do County Party Secretaries emphasize particular developmental priorities? Suitable for scholars of political economy, development economics, and comparative politics, this original study analyzes the relationship between political institutions, local governance, and leadership roles within Chinese government to explain the growing divergence in economic development between counties.
Use of antidepressants in patients with depression and comorbid diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
Authors: Roopan Subethini , Larsen Erik Roj
Published: October 2016

Objective

Depression may be difficult to treat and with comorbid diabetes mellitus (DM) it is an even bigger challenge. This article aims to evaluate antidepressants most suitable for patients with depression and comorbid DM.

Design and methods

Initially we searched for randomised, controlled double-blind trials of treatment with antidepressants in depressed with DM but there were only a few studies and many of them were small trials. Thus, we decided to include studies that were not only randomised-controlled trials. In total, we ended up with 18 articles for our purposes.

Results

The combination of depression and DM may be harmful as depression has a strong impact on psychosocial and medical outcomes in patients with DM. Almost all of the trials in this review showed a reduction in depressive symptoms after treatment with an antidepressant in the acute as well as during maintenance phase. It showed that depression improvement had a favourable effect on glycaemic control that was weight independent. Some studies included only subjects with minor depression or with suboptimal-controlled diabetes making it difficult to show an effect.

Conclusion

From these data, we will recommend choosing an selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) if possible to treat a depression among patients with diabetes. If treatment with a tricyclic antidepressant is needed, closer glycaemic monitoring is recommended. Bear in mind that there is a possible risk of hypoglycemia when using SSRIs. Agomelatine and bupropion have shown promising results, but need to be investigated in more trials.
Carboniferous ostracods from central Honshu, Japan
Authors: STOCKER C. P. , KOMATSU T. , TANAKA G. , WILLIAMS M. , SIVETER D. J. , BENNETT C. E. , WALLIS S. , OJI T. , MAEKAWA T. , OKURA M. , VANDENBROUCKE T. R. A.
Published: October 2016

Silicified beyrichiocopid and podocopid ostracods from limestone nodules derived from the middle part of the Ichinotani Formation within the Hida Gaien Terrane of central Honshu Island, Japan, are associated with fusulinid foraminifera that indicate strata of the middle Moscovian (Pennsylvanian, Carboniferous). This is a rare record of ostracods from the Palaeozoic of Japan and the first systematic description of ostracods from the Carboniferous of the Hida Gaien Terrane. The fauna comprises six ostracod species (two new) assigned to the generaAmphissites,Kirkbya,Bairdia,AechminaandHealdia, and additional material of possible cavellinids. The numerical dominance of ornamented beyrichiocopids such asKirkbyaandAmphissites, along with smaller numbers of smooth podocopids such asBairdia, indicates an ‘Eifelian mega-assemblage’ ecotype (sensuG. Becker), that is typical of mid Palaeozoic shallow marine, high-energy environments in a fore-reef ecosystem.
New U–Pb constraints identify the end-Guadalupian and possibly end-Lopingian extinction events conceivably preserved in the passive margin of North America: implication for regional tectonics
Authors: DAVYDOV V. I. , CROWLEY J. L. , SCHMITZ M. D. , SNYDER W. S.
Published: October 2016

The discovery and dating of a volcanic ash bed within the upper Phosphoria Formation in SE Idaho, USA, is reported. The ash occurs 11 m below the top of the phosphatic Meade Peak Member and yielded a 206Pb/238U date of 260.57 ± 0.07 / 0.14 / 0.31 Ma, i.e. latest Capitanian, Guadalupian. The stratigraphic position of this ash near the top of the Meade Peak phosphatic Member of Phosphoria Formation indicates plausible completeness of the sedimentation within the Guadalupian–Lopingian and probably at the Permo-Triassic (P-T) transitions. The new radiometric age reveals that the regional biostratigraphy and palaeontology of Phosphoria and Park City formations requires serious reconsideration, particularly in cool water conodonts, bryozoans and brachiopods. The new age proposes that the Guadalupian–Lopingian boundary (GLB) coincides with the Meade Peak – Rex contact and consequently with the end-Guadalupian extinction event. The lack of a major unconformity at the P-T transition suggests that the effects of the Sonoma orogeny were not as extensive as has been assumed.
Drug Wars: Revolution, Embargo, and the Politics of Scarcity in Cuba, 1959–1964
Authors: LAMBE JENNIFER
Published: October 2016

The Cuban Revolution of 1959 ushered in many radical changes, both socio-economic and political. Yet the macropolitical upheaval of the period also manifested in concrete ways in the lives of ordinary Cubans. The sudden scarcity of everyday medications, closely linked to diplomatic tensions with the United States, was one such outcome. This article traces the transnational battles provoked by the sudden disappearance of US prescription drugs from Cuban shelves. It seeks to understand pharmaceutical shortages not only as a political side effect but also as a social reality, which provided a venue for the articulation of new forms of sociability and body politics.
Precuneus functioning differentiates first-episode psychosis patients during the fantasy movie Alice in Wonderland
Authors: Rikandi E. , Pamilo S. , Mäntylä T. , Suvisaari J. , Kieseppä T. , Hari R. , Seppä M. , Raij T. T.
Published: October 2016

Background

While group-level functional alterations have been identified in many brain regions of psychotic patients, multivariate machine-learning methods provide a tool to test whether some of such alterations could be used to differentiate an individual patient. Earlier machine-learning studies have focused on data collected from chronic patients during rest or simple tasks. We set out to unravel brain activation patterns during naturalistic stimulation in first-episode psychosis (FEP).

Method

We recorded brain activity from 46 FEP patients and 32 control subjects viewing scenes from the fantasy film Alice in Wonderland. Scenes with varying degrees of fantasy were selected based on the distortion of the ‘sense of reality’ in psychosis. After cleaning the data with a novel maxCorr method, we used machine learning to classify patients and healthy control subjects on the basis of voxel- and time-point patterns.

Results

Most (136/194) of the voxels that best classified the groups were clustered in a bilateral region of the precuneus. Classification accuracies were up to 79.5% (p = 5.69 × 10−8), and correct classification was more likely the higher the patient's positive-symptom score. Precuneus functioning was related to the fantasy content of the movie, and the relationship was stronger in control subjects than patients.

Conclusions

These findings are the first to show abnormalities in precuneus functioning during naturalistic information processing in FEP patients. Correlational findings suggest that these alterations are associated with positive psychotic symptoms and processing of fantasy. The results may provide new insights into the neuronal basis of reality distortion in psychosis.
Common pattern of gray-matter abnormalities in drug-naive and medicated first-episode schizophrenia: a multimodal meta-analysis
Authors: Shah C. , Zhang W. , Xiao Y. , Yao L. , Zhao Y. , Gao X. , Liu L. , Liu J. , Li S. , Tao B. , Yan Z. , Fu Y. , Gong Q. , Lui S.
Published: October 2016

Studies of schizophrenia at drug-naive state and on antipsychotic medication have reported a number of regions of gray-matter (GM) abnormalities but the reports have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to conduct multimodal meta-analysis to compare the cross-sectional voxel-based morphometry studies of brain GM in antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia (AN-FES) and those with antipsychotic treatment within 1 year (AT-FES) to determine the similarities and differences in these groups. We conducted two separate meta-analyses containing 24 studies with a sample size of 801 patients and 957 healthy controls. A multimodal meta-analysis method was used to compare the findings between AN-FES and AT-FES. Meta-regression analyses were done to determine the influence of different variables including age, duration of illness, and positive and negative symptom scores. Finally, jack-knife analyses were done to test the robustness of the results. AN-FES and AT-FES showed common patterns of GM abnormalities in frontal (gyrus rectus), superior temporal, left hippocampal and insular cortex. GM in the left supramarginal gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus were found to be increased in AN-FES but decreased in AT-FES, whereas left median cingulate/paracingulate gyri and right hippocampus GM was decreased in AN-FES but increased in AT-FES. Findings suggest that both AN-FES and AT-FES share frontal, temporal and insular regions as common anatomical regions to be affected indicating these to be the primary regions of GM abnormalities in both groups.
Resisting Best-Practice in Australian Practice-Based Jazz Doctorates
Authors: Coady Christopher , Webb Michael
Published: October 2016

Recent research on practice-based doctorates in Australia has revealed an institutional preference for ‘theorised’ research approaches aimed at situating studies of practice within established academic paradigms. In this article we examine how the aim of communicating with artistic peers steers the research design and the production of text-based artefacts for a group of practice-based doctoral students working on jazz topics (n = 11) away from theorised approaches and towards what is commonly referred to as a ‘commentary’ approach. This finding reveals the extent to which the values of an artistic community can influence the scope of what is discussed within practice-based doctorates and highlights the need for ongoing discussion related to how such values might best interface with what institutions view as best-practice research frameworks.
Music preferences with regard to music education, informal influences and familiarity of music amongst young people in Croatia
Authors: Dobrota Snježana , Reić Ercegovac Ina
Published: October 2016

The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between music preference and music education, informal influences (attending classical music concerts and musical theatre productions) and familiarity of music. The research included students of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Split (N=341)1. The results showed that participants usually listen to popular music in their leisure time and that popular music is their most preferred music style. A positive relationship between familiarity and preferences was found but this effect was not unambiguous. A relationship between music preferences and secondary school music education was not found, but those participants who attended music school preferred some music styles more than did those participants who did not attend music school. There was a significant correlation found between the frequency of attending classical music concerts and preferences for classical music, jazz and world music. Finally, the results indicated that people who frequently attend musical theatre productions have significantly higher preferences for jazz and world music. The authors pointed to the problem of unattractiveness of music lessons in secondary schools and suggest possible solutions to the problem.
Music Teacher Training: A precarious area within the Spanish university
Authors: Rodríguez-Quiles José A.
Published: October 2016

In the last few years expressions like European convergence, European Higher Education Area, European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System and others have become more and more usual not only in academic circles but also even in the mass media. But to what extent are these expressions valid for all knowledge areas in all EU countries? After analysing the curricula for Music Teaching Training in Spain (through the lens of J. Butler and J. Derrida) I will show the situation of precarity of this knowledge area under a postmodern perspective and how the expressions above have become non-neutral expressions sous rature that manage to preserve the rights of the already consolidated knowledge areas to the detriment of the non-consolidated ones.
Special issue dedicated to ICFP 2014: Editorial
Authors: DREYER DEREK , SHEERAN MARY
Published: October 2016

The 19th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP) took place on September 1–3, 2014 in Gothenburg, Sweden. After the conference, the programme committee, chaired by Manuel Chakravarty, selected several outstanding papers and invited their authors to submit to this special issue of JFP. We acted as editors for these submissions. This issue includes the six accepted papers, each of which provides substantial new material beyond the original conference version. The selected papers demonstrate both the quality and the breadth of the conference, with a strong emphasis on types and their applications, and ranging from compilation methods through contract verification to homotopy type theory.
On Putting Time in its Place: Archaeological Practice and the Politics of Time in Southern India
Authors: Morrison Kathleen D.
Published: October 2016

The work of time-making is always a work of the present, and even in its driest form, the archaeological chronology, is a political process. Archaeological practices which make time from space necessarily dissect unified material landscapes into temporal slices, ‘cuts’ of time and space that can either mute or give voice to past interactions with material landscapes, engagements sometimes called ‘the past in the past.’ Despite the fact that historical and archaeological remains in India are often central to political contestation, the structures and objects studied by archaeologists and art historians are typically viewed as straightforward exemplars of past periods, dynasties, or cultures, disappearing from gaze as they leave the period to which they ‘belong’. This article considers some forms of interaction between people and places in southern India—from ashmounds to megaliths to temples—interactions ‘out of time’ according to traditional archaeological practice, but which reveal past contestations and concerns. Such forms of landscape history require both analytical techniques such as chronologies which divide time, as well as landscape-based approaches which can heal those divisions by allowing past action ‘out of place’ to be made visible.
Other Types of Meaning: Relationships between Round Barrows and Landscapes from 1500 bc–ac 1086
Authors: Cooper Anwen
Published: October 2016

This paper is about Bronze Age round barrows and the ways in which they became caught up in human practices over an extended time period. At one level it belongs to a flourishing body of work that examines the ‘re-use’ or ‘biography’ of prehistoric monuments. Rather than treating the latter as a generic group, however, this study focuses on chronologies of one specific monument type—round barrows—over a 2600-year period from 1500 bc–ac 1086. By bringing together evidence and interpretations generated mainly within period specialisms, significant homogeneities are revealed in terms of how activities at prehistoric monuments have previously been understood. The possibilities for seeking out different interpretative ground are duly explored. Using a case study from the east of England and drawing on evidence and ideas from much more broadly, the approach taken places particular emphasis on examining relationships between round barrows and other aspects of landscape. The findings offer fresh insight into the temporality of activities undertaken at round barrows, question existing characterizations of past people's historical understandings, and explore the long-term coherence of ‘round barrows’ as a category.
The Archaeology of Achaemenid Power in Regional Western Anatolia
Authors: Grave Peter , Kealhofer Lisa , Bilgen Nejat , Marsh Ben
Published: October 2016

The Achaemenids conquered Anatolia in the sixth century bce. However, in contrast to the historical descriptions of political response to Achaemenid control, e.g. the so-called ‘Ionian revolt’ of east Greek territories in Western Anatolia, the operation of Achaemenid-period economies in this region remains obscure. Only a handful of occupation sites in western Turkey provide archaeological data contemporary with Achaemenid rule. In this paper, we compare the results of compositional analysis on Achaemenid-period ceramics from a provincial centre, Seyitömer, with comparable analyses from similar periods at Sardis and Gordion. During the period of Achaemenid control a comparatively high level of compositional and typological diversity at this provincial centre suggests a surprising increase in regional connectivity, both locally and with East Greek and Greek centres.
Social support as a mediator variable of the relationship between depression and life satisfaction in a sample of Saudi caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Khusaifan Shatha Jamil , El Keshky Mogeda El Sayed
Published: October 2016

Background:

Caring for someone with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is very challenging. Social support may play a crucial role in helping caregivers to adapt better to their caregiving role. The aim of this study is to explore the role of social support as a moderator variable of the relationship between depression and life satisfaction in caregivers for patients with AD in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 122 caregivers for patients with AD completed questionnaires assessing informal social support, depressive symptoms, and general life satisfaction.

Results:

The demographic characteristics showed that 79% (n = 96) of caregivers were females and between the ages of 20 and 50. Higher levels of social support positively correlated with reported higher levels of life satisfaction (r = 0.483, p < 0.001). Depression was negatively correlated with social support (r = −0.418, p < 0.001) and life satisfaction scores (r = −0.553, p = < 0.001). Social support was found to be a partial mediator variable, mediating approximately 23.05% of the total effect of depression on life satisfaction (Sobel = −3.065, p = 0.002).

Conclusion:

Informal social support can act as a mediator variable in the relationship of depression and life satisfaction in caregivers of AD patients. Improving the informal social support networks may help in coping with caregiving burden and better quality of life.