bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of low plants peat brickets for macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) planting
Authors: Utomo B , Silalahi D C G , Dalimunthe A
Published: December 2021

Currently, the use of organic materials as organic fertilizer has been widely used by farmers. The awareness of farmers to use organic fertilizers has made organic fertilizers increasingly difficult to obtain. Organic fertilizers from chicken, goat and cow farms have generally been ordered and purchased by certain farmers. Therefore, alternative uses of other organic fertilizers need attention. Lowland peat is quite widely available in Indonesia, especially in North Sumatra. Peatlands are spread from the east coast of Aceh Province to the east coast of the Riau Province border. This potential makes it possible for peat to be modified into alternative organic fertilizers. One of the disadvantages of organic fertilizers is the large volume and weight. To overcome this problem, peat is made into briquettes through a pressing process so that its volume can be reduced to 1/3 times its previous volume. In addition, the acidic nature of peat is also expected to be greatly reduced by wasting peat water content. After being made into briquettes, the briquettes are used as organic fertilizer treatment for planting macadamia plants in the field. The results showed that the provision of briquettes from peat could increase the growth of macadamia plants compared to control. However, giving briquettes at a dose of 0.5 kg was not significantly different from giving briquettes up to 1.5 kg.
Stay home practical: Effect of thickness and environmental conditions on drying kinetics of radish as the samples
Authors: Haryanto B , Sinuhaji T R F , Tarigan E A , Sitepu N A , Br Bukit R
Published: December 2021

The world Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 or Covid-19 in 2020. Indonesia in one of the countries affected by the Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) for a long time. Education is one aspect of life that is affected. Research on drying is one solution for students to carry out scientific activities at home by utilizing solar energy and natural materials such as radishes as samples. This study found that the thickness of the sample and environmental conditions such as temperature of the surrounding operating conditions affect the drying rate and drying time.
Experimental study on the utilization of residue from particleboard’s recycling activity
Authors: Nuryawan A , Fatimah S , Hartini K S , Masruchin N
Published: December 2021

Both solid and liquid residues derived from activity of particleboard (PB)’srecycling were investigated. The solid was attempted to make recycle particleboard (rPB) while the liquid was tried to use as fertilizer to seedling of Acacia crassicarpa. Objective of this study was to compare quality between PB and rPB and to evaluate seedling growth of A.crassicarpa exposed to liquid disposal from PB’s recycling activity. Methods of this study were consisted of testing of physical and mechanicalproperties of industrial PB, manufacturing rPB, and comparing the properties between PB and rPB. Prior to manufacture rPB, liquid disposal from PB’s recycling activity was released through water immersion of industrial waste’s PB comprised of predominant trimming residues. The liquid disposal was measured its nitrogen (N) content and then it was kept in a gallon for further use as fertilizer. Observation on growth parameters (height, diameter, leaves number and seedling’s strength) of both treated and untreated seedlings was conducted weekly for 2 months. Results of this study showed: 1)rPB was feasible to be produced but their quality was slightly decreased. 2) Liquid disposal during cyclist test and water immersion of PB’s residues contained 0.69% N. 3) Growth parameters of A.crassicarpa seedling showed response positively and significant statistically between treated and untreated seedlings. These findings suggested that both residues originated from PB’s recycling can be utilized further; the solid can be used as raw material of rPB while the liquid can be utilized as fertilizer to seedlings.
Identification of acem acem leaves as hand washing media for pesticide user
Authors: Mahyuni E L
Published: December 2021

To replace the unavailability of water and soap in the fields, Karo farmers use a type of wild plant known as “daun acem acem” to clean their hands that are exposed to pesticides. This study aims to identify wild plant species that were carried out on horticultural farms that were used by farmers to clean the pesticide exposure. The research location is in Sumber Mufakat village, Kabanjahe district, Karo district in 2019-2020. This is a descriptive survey where the leaf as samples were taken by making observation plots measuring 1mx1m and placing them at random research locations in 20 farmer fields. The data analyzed in descriptive by compare and tracing in exploration. The result found that acem acem leaves have a leaf shape like clover and have flowers. Generally grows wild around plants that contain lots of water. This plant also contains water, especially in the stems and roots. This mountain clover is included in the genus oxalis and the species Oxalis dehradunensis Raizada. Farmers are sure that these leaves are effective in cleaning the pesticides at the skin exposure. This plant contains saponins, flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, and oxalic acid and is effective to increase the personal hygiene of farmers.
Endoparasite infestation of Indian Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) in Citra Pesona Ladangku Animal Park, North Sumatra
Authors: Rahmawati S N , Tanjung M
Published: December 2021

An investigation on the infestation by endoparasites in the fecal samples of Indian Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) captived at Citra Pesona Ladangku Animal Park, North Sumatera, Indonesia had been conducted from October to November 2020. The study aimed to determine the endoparasite species, prevalence, and intensity of the infestation. Fecal samples were prepared for microscopical examination using glass bead sedimentation method. Based the observation on 9 deers, three species of endoparasites were found namely Ascaris sp, Haemonchus sp and Paramphistomum sp. Observations in the first week revealed the prevalence of each species from often (Ascaris sp, Haemonchus sp) to common (Paramphistomum sp) with light (Haemonchus sp, Paramphistomum sp) to moderate (Ascaris sp). Observations in the second week only revealed the presence of Paramphistomum with often prevalency and light intensity of infection.
Phytochemicals and GC-MS of Aquilaria beccariana van Tiegh leaves growing naturally and cultivated in North Sumatera
Authors: Batubara R , Pulungan W , Hanum T I , Affandi O
Published: December 2021

Aquilaria beccariana van Tiegh is one of the agarwood (gaharu) species that grows naturally and cultivatived. However, the chemical and antioxidant potential of its leaves have not been studied much. This research aimed to examine the chemical compounds and the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of the agarwood leaves A. beccariana van Tiegh which grows naturally and cultivatived. The leaves were processed into simplicia and then extracted using 96% ethanol as solvent. Phytochemical screening agarwood leaves to determine the chemical compounds such as of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids/triterpenoids, saponins and tannis. The antioxidant activity test was carried out using the DPPH method to obtain the IC50 (Inhibitory Concentration) value. The compound tracing used GC-MS. The results showed that the simplicia and the extract of the leaves both natural-grown and cultivated contained secondary metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids/triterpenoids, and tannins positively, whereas the glycosides were only found in cultivated type. The result of the antioxidant activity test showed that the ethanol extract of the leaves of A. beccariana van Tiegh both natural-grown and cultivated was categorized as very strong. The results of the identification of chemical compounds by GC-MS were identified 18 compounds in the natural-grown leaves, while 40 compounds were identified in the cultivated ones.
Analysis of potential and feasibility level of simarjarunjung nature tourism as part of Lake Toba national super priority destination
Authors: Purwoko A , Latifah S , Gurusinga D A B
Published: December 2021

Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra Province, has Simarjarungjung Nature Tourism area which is one of the attractions along the north side of Lake Toba. The Simarjarunjung area is an alternative destination for tourists because this area is a location that can be used as a vantage point to see the landscape of Lake Toba, as well as a stopover location for tourists visiting various attractions in the Lake Toba surrounding area. The objective of this study is to analyze potential of the natural tourism objects and feasibility level of developing the natural attractions in the Simarjarunjung area. The analytical method used in this study refers to the guidelines for Operational Area Analysis of Natural Tourism Objects and Attractions (henceforth referred to as ADO-ODTWA) issued by the Director General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation (henceforth referred to as Dirjen PHKA) in 2003. Data are collected through surveys by direct observation and interviews using questionnaires to visitors. The Simarjarunjung Nature Tourism Area has several potential natural attractions, first, beauty of the natural scenery where visitors can look at the view of Lake Toba and green hills surrounding it and experience the microclimate of the mountains with cool, clean and comfortable air. Second; potential diversity of exotic flora and fauna such as pine (Pinus merkussi), red shoots (Syzygium oleana), various orchid plants, various flower plants, especially miana (Coleus scutellarioides), long-tailed monkey (M fascicularis) and eagle (Haliastur sp); and the third, natural recreational rides such as camping ground and parks. The results show that the potential objects in the Simarjarunjung Nature Tourism area are classified into “feasible to develop” category into tourism with a feasibility index of 79.56.
Identification of Shorea species based on leaf morphological character with multivariate analysis
Authors: Rangkuti A B , Susilowati A , Arinah H , Irmayanti L , Siregar I Z , Siregar U J
Published: December 2021

Shorea is one of the largest genera of the Dipterocarpaceae family that dominates Indonesian forests. This genus has an essential role in meeting the supply of wood, both at home and abroad. There are 194 species of shorea in the tropics. However, there is a high degree of similarity between one species and another, making it difficult to identify it. This study aims to estimate the variation of leaf morphology among 6 species of shorea at PT. Reki using multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis is a statistical technique for analyzing data with a large number of variables. PCA (Principal component analysis), Biplot, and Manova were the three species of multivariate analysis used in this study. The results of PCA analysis showed that the variables of leaf elongation (PR), lamina length (PL) and leaf width to the base of the leaf (LP) had a strong relationship so that they could be used as a differentiator for the 6 shorea species. Biplot analysis showed that Shorea parvifolia, Shorea acuminata and Shorea leprosula had high similarities. It is also indicated by the leaves of the three species, which are more round in shape. The results of the Manova analysis showed a significant value <0.005, which means that all the variables tested have differences from one another. Shorea acuminata and Shorea leprosula have high similarity, and it is also indicated by the leaves of the three species, which are more round in shape.
Use of biopolybag from tapioca starch and sawdust waste
Authors: Risnasari I , Nuryawan A , Delvian  , Sekali Y S K
Published: December 2021

One alternative to overcome the weakness of polybags, namely creating plastic waste, is the use of biodegradable polybags (biopolybags) that are easily degraded so that they can be planted directly without having to be opened and disposed of. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of comparison between tapioca starch and sawdust pulp on mechanical properties, plant height and diameter growth, and soil chemical properties. The analysis used in this research is a tensile test using ASTM D638 2005 standard, elongation (elongation at break), elasticity (young’s modulus), and water absorption using SNI. The comparison of tapioca starch and sawdust pulp had a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the tensile strength and elongation tests, and had no significant effect on the elasticity.
Study morphology of loquat plants (Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl.) from Karo, Dairi, and Simalungun Districts, North Sumatra
Authors: Elimasni  , Nasution R A
Published: December 2021

Abstrak. Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is a flowering plant that belongs to the Rosacea family. The loquat has many health benefits. Cultivation and information about loquat plants in Indonesia are still limited, so they are rarely found and known by the public. Limited information and data regarding loquat plants is also an obstacle to the development of loquat plants. Research on loquat plants aims to analyze the morphological characters in three districts, namely, Karo, Dairi, and Simalungun districts. This research was conducted using a descriptive method. The analysis of the morphological characteristics of loquat plants using morphological data scoring into binary data. The similarity between individuals was analyzed using clusters with the NTSYS program version 2.0 with the UPGMA method of the SimQual function. Morphological Observation Results Loquat plants (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) in Karo, Dairi, and Simalungun Districts have uniform characters in the morphology of stems, leaves, and flowers. However, the observed fruit and seed morphology showed different characters. Different characters exist in the shape of the fruit and seeds. The morphological similarity level of loquat plants was grouped at a similarity coefficient value of 95%. Clusters I and II have the highest similarity with a coefficient value of 100%. Cluster III has the lowest similarity with a coefficient value of 97%.
The influence of the duration of the “subjective day” under intermittent LED lighting on the daily rhythm of oviposition and the productivity of hens
Authors: Kavtarashvili Alexey , Gladin Dmitry
Published: December 2021

Lighting is the key factor affecting oviposition time. The oviposition time is directly related to ovulation, which occurs 5 hours after reaching the peak concentration of luteinizing hormone in the blood, which depends on the lighting regime. This paper studies the impact of the “subjective day” duration under intermittent LED lighting on the daily rhythm of oviposition and the productivity of hens of the productive flocks of cross SP-789. The “subjective day” lasted 16 hours per day for group 1, 15 h for group 2, 14 h for group 3 and 13 h for group 4. It was established that the shorter the duration of the “subjective day”, the earlier the hens begin and finish laying. So, in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, hens began laying eggs at 4 a.m., 3 a.m., 2 a.m., and 1 a.m. and ended at 6 p.m., 4 p.m., 4 p.m., and 3 p.m. with an average time of laying eggs of 8.67; 7.36; 5.36 and 5.27 h, respectively. In groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 the livability of hens, weight of eggs, egg production and yield of egg weight per the initial laying hen, feed consumption for 10 eggs and 1 kg of egg weight were 98.0, 97.0, 99.0, 99.0%; 60.0, 59.9, 60.4, 59.7 g; 123.9, 124.1, 130.3, 126.1 pcs, 7.48, 7.47, 7.97, 7.63 kg; 1.37, 1.36, 1.32, 1.36, and 2.28, 2.26, 2.18, 2.26 kg, respectively.
Determination of biologically active compounds (costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone) in the leaves of some forms of laurel noble (sweet bay)
Authors: Nasukhova N M , Konovalov D A , Orobinskaya V N , Galdin E V
Published: December 2021

Laurel noble (sweet bay) leaves are widely used for food (aromatic seasoning, preservative) and medicinal (antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective) purposes. The plant is actively cultivated and has many ecological forms. The main sesquiterpene lactones in laurel leaves are costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone. The content of these substances varies significantly depending on the ecological-geographical, climatic, edaphic and other factors. Several methods have been developed and used to quantify these sesquiterpene lactones in laurel leaves. They differ significantly in the cost of equipment and materials required for research, the duration of the analysis, economic costs, and the accuracy of the results. The article presents the results of studying the content of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone in the leaves of some forms of sweet bay, cultivated on the southern coast of the Crimean Peninsula using capillary electrophoresis methods, reliably confirmed by the results of HPLC analysis of the leaves of the studied forms of sweet bay. Studies have shown that both methods give comparable results. At the same time, the HPLC method is characterized by a higher accuracy of results and a lower determination error, and the method of capillary electrophoresis allows a study to be carried out with lower economic costs using simpler methods. Both methods are pharmacopoeial and are recommended for the standardization of medicinal plant materials.
3D bioprinting of tissue units with mesenchymal stem cells, retaining their proliferative and differentiating potential, in polyphosphate-containing bio-ink
Authors: Neufurth Meik , Wang Shunfeng , Schröder Heinz C , Al-Nawas Bilal , Wang Xiaohong , Müller Werner E G
Published: December 2021

The three-dimensional (3D)-printing processes reach increasing recognition as important fabrication techniques to meet the growing demands in tissue engineering. However, it is imperative to fabricate 3D tissue units, which contain cells that have the property to be regeneratively active. In most bio-inks, a metabolic energy-providing component is missing. Here a formulation of a bio-ink is described, which is enriched with polyphosphate (polyP), a metabolic energy providing physiological polymer. The bio-ink composed of a scaffold (N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan), a hydrogel (alginate) and a cell adhesion matrix (gelatin) as well as polyP substantially increases the viability and the migration propensity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). In addition, this ink stimulates not only the growth but also the differentiation of MSC to mineral depositing osteoblasts. Furthermore, the growth/aggregate pattern of MSC changes from isolated cells to globular spheres, if embedded in the polyP bio-ink. The morphogenetic activity of the MSC exposed to polyP in the bio-ink is corroborated by qRT-PCR data, which show a strong induction of the steady-state-expression of alkaline phosphatase, connected with a distinct increase in the expression ratio between RUNX2 and Sox2. We propose that polyP should become an essential component in bio-inks for the printing of cells that retain their regenerative activity.
Speleothem records of monsoon interannual-interdecadal variability through the Holocene
Authors: Parker Sarah E , Harrison Sandy P , Braconnot Pascale
Published: December 2021

Modern observations show considerable interannual to interdecadal variability in monsoon precipitation. However, there are few reconstructions of variability at this timescale through the Holocene, and there is therefore less understanding of how changes in external forcing might have affected monsoon variability in the past. Here, we reconstruct the evolution of the amplitude of interannual to interdecadal variability (IADV) in the East Asian, Indian and South American monsoon regions through the Holocene using a global network of high-resolution speleothem oxygen isotope (δ
18O) records. We reconstruct changes in IADV for individual speleothem records using the standard deviation of δ
18O values in sliding time windows after correcting for the influence of confounding factors such as variable sampling resolution, growth rates and mean climate. We then create composites of IADV changes for each monsoon region. We show that there is an overall increase in δ
18O IADV in the Indian monsoon region through the Holocene, with an abrupt change to present-day variability at ∼2 ka. In the East Asian monsoon, there is an overall decrease in δ
18O IADV through the Holocene, with an abrupt shift also seen at ∼2 ka. The South American monsoon is characterised by large multi-centennial shifts in δ
18O IADV through the early and mid-Holocene, although there is no overall change in variability across the Holocene. Our regional IADV reconstructions are broadly reproduced by transient climate-model simulations of the last 6 000 years. These analyses indicate that there is no straightforward link between IADV and changes in mean precipitation, or between IADV and orbital forcing, at a regional scale.
The influence of radiation flux in Northwest Pacific on the Western Pacific warm pools and typhoons over the past 170 years
Authors: Bo-yu Chai , Feng Xu , Jian-jun Xu , Li-guo Han , Si-Qi Chen , Ya-jie LI , Qian-qian JI , Jin-yi Yang , Shao-jing Zhang , Jia-jing LI
Published: December 2021

Based on various statistical methods and empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, this study analyzes the correlation of radiation flux of Northwest Pacific in the 100 years scale with the western Pacific warm pool and typhoon development. The key results are as follows. First, the surface downwelling longwave radiation (SDLR) received by key areas in Northwest Pacific significantly increased over the past 170 years. The surface downwelling shortwave radiation (SDSR) decreased, and TOA (Top of Atmosphere) incident shortwave radiation (TISR) slightly fluctuated and increased in the 11a (11 years) period. Second, there was the strongest correlation between the Western Pacific warm pool and SDLR, and both increased continuously. Third, since 1945, there has been a tendency of increasing after decreasing in the annual frequency and the share of severe typhoons, and the formation area distribution of typhoons has turned more even. Taking 1998 as a cut-off point, before 1998, there was no obvious correlation between the strong typhoon frequency and SDLR. However, such correction became stronger after 1998. They were affected by the changes of SDLR, SDSR, TISR, vapor, vorticity, vertical velocity, SST and h
100. Forth, the SDLR and TISR are major factors influencing the Western Pacific warm pool, typhoon motion and other varieties. While SDLR mainly increases in the tropical areas, TISR tends to fluctuate and increase slightly. Their changes are consistent with the change general characteristics of strengthening of typhoon.
A Colorado-specific life cycle assessment model to support evaluation of low-carbon transportation fuels and policy
Authors: Somers Michael , Batan Liaw , Al-Alawi Baha , Bradley Thomas H
Published: December 2021

The transportation sector accounts for over 20 percent of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Colorado which without intervention will grow to over 30 million metric tons (MMT) of GHG emissions per year. This study seeks to develop a specific characterization of the Colorado fuel and transportation system using a customized life cycle assessment (LCA) model. The model (CO-GT) was developed as an analytical tool to define Colorado’s 2020 baseline life cycle GHG emissions for the transportation sector, and to examine Colorado-specific pathways for GHG reductions through fuel types and volumes changes that might be associated with a state clean fuel standard (CFS). By developing a LCA of transportation fuels that is specific to the state of Colorado’s geography, fleet makeup, policies, energy sector and more, these tools can evaluate various proposals for the transition towards a more sustainable state transportation system. The results of this study include a quantification of the Colorado-specific roles of clean fuels, electricity, extant policies, and fleet transition in projections of the state’s 2030 transportation sector GHG emissions. Relative to a 2020 baseline, electrification of the vehicle fleet is found to reduce state-wide lifecycle GHG emissions by 7.7 MMT CO2e by 2030, and a model CFS policy able to achieve similar reductions in the carbon intensity of clean fuels as was achieved by California in the first 10 years of its CFS policies is found to only reduce state-wide lifecycle GHG emissions by 0.2 MMT CO2e by 2030. These results illustrate the insensitivity of Colorado’s transportation fleet GHG emissions reductions to the presence of CFS policies, as proposed to date.
Intertwining maps between 𝑝-adic principal series of 𝑝-adic groups
Authors: Ban Dubravka , Hundley Joseph
Published: December 2021

In this paper we study

p
p

-adic principal series representation of a

p
p

-adic group

G
G

as a module over the maximal compact subgroup

G
0

G_0

. We show that there are no non-trivial

G
0

G_0

-intertwining maps between principal series representations attached to characters whose restrictions to the torus of

G
0

G_0

are distinct, and there are no non-scalar endomorphisms of a fixed principal series representation. This is surprising when compared with another result which we prove: that a principal series representation may contain infinitely many closed

G
0

G_0

-invariant subspaces. As for the proof, we work mainly in the setting of Iwasawa modules, and deduce results about

G
0

G_0

-representations by duality.
Purely 1-unrectifiable metric spaces and locally flat Lipschitz functions
Authors: Aliaga Ramón , Gartland Chris , Petitjean Colin , Procházka Antonín
Published: December 2021

We characterize compact metric spaces whose locally flat Lipschitz functions separate points uniformly as exactly those that are purely 1-unrectifiable, resolving a problem of Weaver. We subsequently use this geometric characterization to answer several questions in Lipschitz analysis. Notably, it follows that the Lipschitz-free spaceF(M)\mathcal {F}(M)over a compact metric spaceMMis a dual space if and only ifMMis purely 1-unrectifiable. Furthermore, we establish a compact determinacy principle for the Radon-Nikodým property (RNP) and deduce that, for any complete metric spaceMM, pure 1-unrectifiability is actually equivalent to some well-known Banach space properties ofF(M)\mathcal {F}(M)such as the RNP and the Schur property. A direct consequence is that any complete, purely 1-unrectifiable metric space isometrically embeds into a Banach space with the RNP. Finally, we provide a possible solution to a problem of Whitney by finding a rectifiability-based description of 1-critical compact metric spaces, and we use this description to prove the following: a bounded turning tree fails to be 1-critical if and only if each of its subarcs hasσ\sigma-finite Hausdorff 1-measure.
Processed meat consumption and the risk of incident late-onset depression: a 12-year follow-up of the Salus in Apulia Study
Authors: Lampignano Luisa , Sardone Rodolfo , D’Urso Francesca , Altamura Mario , Piccininni Carla , Griseta Chiara , Bortone Ilaria , Castellana Fabio , Zupo Roberta , Donghia Rossella , Guerra Vito , Resta Emanuela , Cisternino Annamaria , Caruso Maria Gabriella , Daniele Antonio , De Pergola Giovanni , Bellomo Antonello , Boeing Heiner , Giannelli Gianluigi , Panza Francesco , Lozupone Madia
Published: December 2021

Background

the possible relationship between dietary habits and the incidence of late-onset depression (LOD), defined as first depression onset at later age, is unclear.

Objective

to investigate the relationship between consumption of different food groups and incident LOD.

Design

longitudinal population-based study with a 12-year follow-up.

Setting

Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy.

Subjects

five hundred and forty-six older subjects from the Salus in Apulia Study.

Methods

baseline data were recorded in 2003–06, and diagnostic data were recorded in 2013–18 at follow-up. Dietary intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Depressive disorders were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. Subjects who already suffered from depression or other psychiatric disorders at baseline were excluded from the analysis. The association between LOD and single dietary determinants was examined by Cox regression analysis and then applying the hazard ratio (HR).

Results

subjects with incident LOD (n = 34) had lower global cognition and total cholesterol levels and a higher body mass index (BMI) at baseline. Only processed meat significantly increased the risk of incident LOD of about 10% by 5 g/day intake (HR adjusted for age, sex, education, multimorbidity and BMI: 1.13, 95% confidence intervals: 1.04–1.22). A similar relationship was found for single foods in the processed meat food group such as sausages, salami and mortadella and baked ham, but not for raw ham.

Conclusions

in midlife, a higher intake of processed meat was not only associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular- and metabolic-related chronic diseases in older age but also with an increased risk of developing LOD.
Adipose Collagen Fragment: A Novel Adipose-Derived Extracellular Matrix Concentrate for Skin Filling
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Zhang Xiangdong , Jin Xiaoxuan , Zhang Pan , Liu Kaiyang , Yao Yao , Ru Jiangjiang , Li Yibao , Xu Mimi , Lu Feng , He Yunfan , Gao Jianhua
Published: December 2021

Background

Skin filler is an option for treating skin aging and wrinkles; however, currently used fillers are limited by poor biocompatibility, rapid degradation, and possible hypersensitivity reactions. Autologous adipose tissue–derived products have been recognized as promising options for skin rejuvenation.

Objectives

This study aimed to develop a novel adipose-derived product for skin filling.

Methods

Adipose collagen fragment (ACF) was prepared through pulverization, filtration, and centrifugation. The macrography, structure, types of collagen, and cell viability of ACF were evaluated by immunostaining, western blotting, and cell culture assays. ACF, nanofat, and phosphate-buffered saline (9 spots/side, 0.01 mL/spot) were intradermally injected in the dorsal skin of 36 female BALB/c nude mice; the skin filling capacity and the collagen remodeling process were then investigated. Twenty-one female patients with fine rhytides in the infraorbital areas were enrolled and received clinical applications of ACF treatment. Therapeutic effects and patients’ satisfaction scores were recorded.

Results

The mean [standard deviation] yield of ACF from 50 mL of Coleman fat was 4.91 [0.25] mL. ACF contained nonviable cells and high levels of collagen I, collagen IV, and laminin. Fibroblasts and procollagen significantly increased in ACF and ACF-treated dermis (P < 0.05). Overall, 85.7% of patients were satisfied with the therapy results, and no infections, injection site nodules, or other unwanted side effects were observed.

Conclusions

ACF significantly improved dermal thickness and collagen synthesis and may serve as a potential autologous skin filler.
Genistein regulates adipogenesis by blocking the function of adenine nucleotide translocase-2 in the mitochondria
Authors: Ikeda Takahiro , Watanabe Shun , Mitani Takakazu
Published: December 2021

Genistein exerts antiadipogenic effects, but its target molecules remain unclear. Here, we delineated the molecular mechanism underlying the antiadipogenic effect of genistein. A pulldown assay using genistein-immobilized beads identified adenine nucleotide translocase-2 as a genistein-binding protein in adipocytes. Adenine nucleotide translocase-2 exchanges ADP/ATP through the mitochondrial inner membrane. Similar to the knockdown of adenine nucleotide translocase-2, genistein treatment decreased ADP uptake into the mitochondria and ATP synthesis. Genistein treatment and adenine nucleotide translocase-2 knockdown suppressed adipogenesis and increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Adenine nucleotide translocase-2 knockdown reduced the transcriptional activity of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β, whereas AMP-activated protein kinase inhibition restored the suppression of adipogenesis by adenine nucleotide translocase-2 knockdown. These results indicate that genistein interacts directly with adenine nucleotide translocase-2 to suppress its function. The downregulation of adenine nucleotide translocase-2 reduces the transcriptional activity of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, which consequently represses adipogenesis.
RiboReport - benchmarking tools for ribosome profiling-based identification of open reading frames in bacteria
Authors: Gelhausen Rick , Müller Teresa , Svensson Sarah L , Alkhnbashi Omer S , Sharma Cynthia M , Eggenhofer Florian , Backofen Rolf
Published: December 2021

Small proteins encoded by short open reading frames (ORFs) with 50 codons or fewer are emerging as an important class of cellular macromolecules in diverse organisms. However, they often evade detection by proteomics or in silico methods. Ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) has revealed widespread translation in genomic regions previously thought to be non-coding, driving the development of ORF detection tools using Ribo-seq data. However, only a handful of tools have been designed for bacteria, and these have not yet been systematically compared. Here, we aimed to identify tools that use Ribo-seq data to correctly determine the translational status of annotated bacterial ORFs and also discover novel translated regions with high sensitivity. To this end, we generated a large set of annotated ORFs from four diverse bacterial organisms, manually labeled for their translation status based on Ribo-seq data, which are available for future benchmarking studies. This set was used to investigate the predictive performance of seven Ribo-seq-based ORF detection tools (REPARATION_blast, DeepRibo, Ribo-TISH, PRICE, smORFer, ribotricer and SPECtre), as well as IRSOM, which uses coding potential and RNA-seq coverage only. DeepRibo and REPARATION_blast robustly predicted translated ORFs, including sORFs, with no significant difference for ORFs in close proximity to other genes versus stand-alone genes. However, no tool predicted a set of novel, experimentally verified sORFs with high sensitivity. Start codon predictions with smORFer show the value of initiation site profiling data to further improve the sensitivity of ORF prediction tools in bacteria. Overall, we find that bacterial tools perform well for sORF detection, although there is potential for improving their performance, applicability, usability and reproducibility.
Automated classification of cytogenetic abnormalities in hematolymphoid neoplasms
Authors: Cox Andrew , Park Chanhee , Koduru Prasad , Wilson Kathleen , Weinberg Olga , Chen Weina , García Rolando , Kim Daehwan
Published: December 2021

Motivation

Algorithms for classifying chromosomes, like convolutional deep neural networks (CNNs), show promise to augment cytogeneticists’ workflows; however, a critical limitation is their inability to accurately classify various structural chromosomal abnormalities. In hematopathology, recurrent structural cytogenetic abnormalities herald diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications, but are laborious for expert cytogeneticists to identify. Non-recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities also occur frequently cancerous cells. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of using CNNs to accurately classify many recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities while being able to reliably detect non-recurrent, spurious abnormal chromosomes, as well as provide insights into dataset assembly, model selection and training methodology that improve overall generalizability and performance for chromosome classification.

Results

Our top-performing model achieved a mean weighted F1 score of 96.86% on the validation set and 94.03% on the test set. Gradient class activation maps indicated that our model learned biologically meaningful feature maps, reinforcing the clinical utility of our proposed approach. Altogether, this work: proposes a new dataset framework for training chromosome classifiers for use in a clinical environment, reveals that residual CNNs and cyclical learning rates confer superior performance, and demonstrates the feasibility of using this approach to automatically screen for many recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities while adeptly classifying non-recurrent abnormal chromosomes.

Availability and implementation

Software is freely available at https://github.com/DaehwanKimLab/Chromosome-ReAd. The data underlying this article cannot be shared publicly due to it being protected patient information.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A network-based drug repurposing method via non-negative matrix factorization
Authors: Sadeghi Shaghayegh , Lu Jianguo , Ngom Alioune
Published: December 2021

Motivation

Drug repurposing is a potential alternative to the traditional drug discovery process. Drug repurposing can be formulated as a recommender system that recommends novel indications for available drugs based on known drug-disease associations. This article presents a method based on non-negative matrix factorization (NMF-DR) to predict the drug-related candidate disease indications. This work proposes a recommender system-based method for drug repurposing to predict novel drug indications by integrating drug and diseases related data sources. For this purpose, this framework first integrates two types of disease similarities, the associations between drugs and diseases, and the various similarities between drugs from different views to make a heterogeneous drug–disease interaction network. Then, an improved non-negative matrix factorization-based method is proposed to complete the drug–disease adjacency matrix with predicted scores for unknown drug–disease pairs.

Results

The comprehensive experimental results show that NMF-DR achieves superior prediction performance when compared with several existing methods for drug–disease association prediction.

Availability and implementation

The program is available at https://github.com/sshaghayeghs/NMF-DR.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Lipid signatures reflect the function of the murine primary placentation
Authors: Lee Jong Geol , Kim Globinna , Park Seul Gi , Yon Jung-Min , Yeom Jeonghun , Song Ha Eun , Cheong Seung-A , Lim Joon Seo , Sung Young Hoon , Kim Kyunggon , Yoo Hyun Ju , Hong Eui-Ju , Nam Ki-Hoan , Seong Je Kyung , Kim Chong Jai , Nam Sang-Yoon , Baek In-Jeoung
Published: December 2021

The placenta regulates maternal-fetal communication, and its defect leads to significant pregnancy complications. The maternal and embryonic circulations are primitively connected in early placentation, but the function of the placenta during this developmentally essential period is relatively unknown. We thus performed a comparative proteomic analysis of the placenta before and after primary placentation and found that the metabolism and transport of lipids were characteristically activated in this period. The placental fatty acid (FA) carriers in specific placental compartments were upregulated according to gestational age, and metabolomic analysis also showed that the placental transport of FAs increased in a time-dependent manner. Further analysis of two mutant mice models with embryonic lethality revealed that lipid-related signatures could reflect the functional state of the placenta. Our findings highlight the importance of the nutrient transport function of the primary placenta in the early gestational period and the role of lipids in embryonic development.

Summary Sentence

The placenta is activated characteristically in terms of lipid transport during primary placentation, and the lipid-related signatures closely reflect the functional state of the placenta.
P001 IS PROPHYLACTIC MESH IS ROUTINELY REQUIRED FOR STOMA CONSTRUCTION? IDENTIFICATION OF THE ‘TARGET GROUP’
Authors: Hassan Ahmed , Toh Wei , Ayathamattam James , Thomas Zachary , Ryska Ondrej
Published: December 2021

Background

Evidence to support routine prophylactic mesh insertion during stoma construction is conflicting. The PREVENT randomised controlled trial (RCT) suggested lower incidence of parastomal hernia (PSH) with prophylactic mesh but with no quality of life or cost benefit. Another two RCTs has shown no prophylactic benefit (STOMAMESH & STOMA-const). Although European Hernia guidelines recommends routine prophylactic mesh in end-colostomy, NICE guidelines suggest mesh on individual basis not routinely.

Aim

To identify the group with higher risk to develop a symptomatic PSH when prophylactic mesh should be considered

Material and Methods

A single center retrospective review of all stoma formed. Younger patient than 18 years and patients who had less than 6 months’ follow-up were excluded. Development of PSH was confirmed by radiological evidence or direct intra-operative visualization

Results

194 patients between January 2015 till December 2019 were included with mean follow-up of 15.7±13.5 months where 91 patients developed PSH. On multivariate analysis, older age (>65) (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.08 – 4.99, p 0.03) and Obesity (OR 5.8, 95% CI 2.53 – 13.57, p 0.00) were risk factors of developing PSH. Among the PSH group, 28 were symptomatic (31%). Symptomatic subgroup had higher ASA (ASA >2) than asymptomatic subgroup (50% Vs 27%, p 0.05)

Conclusions

Obese patients older than 65 years are at increased risk of PSH. IF their ASA >2 this PSH is likely to become symptomatic. This is the group who should benefit the most from prophylactic measures including mesh insertion and should be targeted for future trials
P007 COMPLETE FASCIAL CLOSURE IN LARGE HERNIAS AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANT USING BOTOX
Authors: Powelson John , Yeap Yar Luan , O'Brien Daniel , Fridell Jonathan , Wolfe John
Published: December 2021

Aim

Hernias after liver transplant (HaLT), being transverse, preclude mechanical muscle release for fascial advancement. However, even with large HaLT, complete fascial closure is possible following Botox muscle release.

Material and Methods

A retrospective review included 31 consecutive large primary HaLT repairs between 2017 and 2021. Patients were immunosuppressed, with BMI=33+/-5. Fascial defects were 13+/-5cm (range 7.5-28cm) transversely and 11+/-3cm (range 5-17cm) vertically. Botox was administered 29+/-3days preoperatively. After extensive myofascial mobilization, mesh was inserted intraperitoneally and covered with omental flap alone or with posterior components, followed by fascial closure, progressive tension sutures and drains.

Results

Operative time was 235+/-69min (range 111-418min), with no enterotomy or blood transfusion. Complete fascial closure was achieved in all. No mortality or abdominal compartment syndrome occurred. Two patients had long ICU stays (135 and 75days, aspiration and caecal necrosis), but were discharged with intact repairs, off dialysis and sound mentally. Other patients had a postoperative hospital stay of 5.8+/-2.2days (range 3-13days). Mean follow-up was 48+/-28.3 months (range 1-84 months). One patient with a mainly left sided repair developed a hernia on the right, beyond the mesh edge. No other recurrence or mesh infection occurred. One wound required open abscess drainage. Two seromas were aspirated.

Conclusions

Abdominal wall reconstruction with complete fascial closure is possible following abdominal muscle release with Botox, even in large HaLT. However, these immunosuppressed patients with multiple comorbidities may develop significant medical complications. One recurrence along the mesh edge suggests the need for complete incision mesh coverage, not just hernia coverage.
P011 THE EARLY OUTCOMES OF ABDOMINAL WALL RECONSTRUCTION WITH POLYVINYLIDENE (PVDF) MESH IN THE INFECTED SETTING: A CASE-CONTROL SERIES
Authors: Birolini Claudio , Tanaka Eduardo , Miranda Jocielle , Murakami Abel , Utiyama Edivaldo
Published: December 2021

Aim

The use of synthetic mesh to repair infected defects of the abdominal wall remains controversial. PVDF mesh was introduced in 2002 as an alternative to polypropylene, with the advantages of improved biostability, lowered bending stiffness, and minimum tissue response. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term outcomes of using PVDF mesh to treat infected abdominal wall defects in the elective setting.

Material and Methods

A prospective clinical trial started in 2016 and designed to evaluate the short and mid-term outcomes of 38 patients submitted to abdominal wall reconstruction in the setting of active mesh infection and/or enteric fistulas (AI) when compared to a group of 38 patients submitted to clean ventral hernia repairs (CC). Patients were submitted to single-staged repairs, using onlay PVDF mesh reinforcement to treat their defects.

Results

Groups had comparable demographic characteristics. The AI group had more previous abdominal operations and a longer operative and anesthesia time. At 30-days, surgical site occurrences were observed in 18 (47.4%) AI vs. 17 (44.7%) CC; surgical site infection occurred in 4 (10.4%) AI vs. 6 (15.8%) CC, and a higher number of procedural interventions were required in the CC group, 15.8% AI vs. 28.9% CC. At 6-months follow-up, no chronic infections or hernia recurrences were observed in both groups.

Conclusions

The use of PVDF mesh in the infected setting presented very favorable results with a low incidence of wound infection.
P016 A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN ROBOTIC AND LAPAROSCOPIC VENTRAL AND INCISIONAL HERNIA REPAIR WITH THE ETEP - TAR TECHNIQUE
Authors: Archontovasilis Fotis , Tselios Ioannis
Published: December 2021

Aim

The aim of this study is to present a single centre’s experience in Robotic and Laparoscopic eTEP TAR technique in ventral and incisional hernia repair. Additionally, the purpose of this study is to compare these Robotic and Laparoscopic techniques in terms of feasibility, efficacy, safety, advantages and disadvantages.

Material and Methods

This is a case-series comparative study of patients with M1-M5 / W3 ventral and incisional hernia that underwent Robotic or Laparoscopic eTEP-TAR repair in a single institution. Patients’ characteristics were reviewed and perioperative outcomes were extracted. All patients were followed-up at the outpatient surgical unit. Intraoperative and postoperative parameters were analyzed.

Results

35 patients (19 males) with a mean age of 57 years underwent Robotic eTEP-TAR (21 patients) and Laparoscopic eTEP-TAR (14 patients) repair of M1-M3/W3 ventral (12 patients) and M2-M5/W3 incisional hernia. There were 3 conversions to open repair in the Robotic group (Rg) and 1 for the Laparoscopic group (Lg). The mean operative time in Rg was 345 minutes, while in Lg was 320 min. All patients were discharged between the first and fifth postoperative day. No major complications or recurrences were revealed during a mean postoperative follow-up time of 26 months.

Conclusions

Both techniques are feasible, reproducible, and safe, with no major differences in operative time, recurrence and complications rate. Nevertheless, these techniques are highly demanding procedures that should be performed by experienced hernia surgeons, in well-organized centers of excellence in hernia surgery.