bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Escenarios 2025 para la extensión agropecuaria: retos y posibilidades desde la prospectiva estratégica
Authors: Alfonso Carvajal Oscar Alberto , Garrido Rubiano Maria Fernanda
Published: September 2022

La extensión agropecuaria debe conllevar a entender al productor como miembro fundamental del sistema agroalimentario. Esta premisa hace que sea necesario direccionar el trabajo que se viene implementando con la aprobación de la Ley 1876 de 2017, específicamente con el subsistema de extensión agropecuaria. Con el objetivo de establecer el escenario apuesta para la aplicación de las estrategias de la organizaciones que se encargan de la extensión agropecuaria en Colombia con visión al año 2025. Se define una matriz de métodos (individuales, grupales y masivos) y factores (infraestructura, tecnología y otros), así como definir los factores débiles para ser priorizados por expertos mediante dos rondas Delphi, definiendo los escenarios mediante una ronda de matriz de impacto cruzado. Se establecen cuatro escenarios al 2025 con una tendencia del 94 %, el escenario probable: política en camino diferente con un 29 %; el escenario apuesta: todos por el mismo camino con un 22.4 %; el escenario alterno: sin política y sin camino con un 21.3 % y escenario indeseado: la política llega tarde con un 21.3 %. Los principales métodos individuales, grupales y masivos que a futuro generan mayor impacto son las capacitaciones y visitas a todos los productores, organización de productores y giras técnicas y/o días de campo, aplicaciones móviles y radio, dentro de los factores necesarios las vías rurales, inteligencia de negocios y el factor débil las políticas sin continuidad y sin seguimiento. La extensión agropecuaria debe intervenir aspectos técnicos, económicos, políticos, sociales, infraestructuras rurales y tecnológicas para lograr impactar la calidad de vida de los pequeños productores.
Viabilidad y longevidad de semillas de especies de importancia cultural en una comunidad afrodescendiente
Authors: Otálora Cadavid Nicolás , Torres González Alba Marina
Published: September 2022

Para conservar la diversidad de plantas tradicionales que las comunidades afrodescendientes comúnmente utilizan y asegurar la próxima cosecha de sus cultivos es necesario almacenar sus semillas locales con métodos que aseguren la viabilidad de estas. En esta investigación se evalúa con el análisis de modelos lineales generalizados (GLM), el efecto de dos tipos de almacenamiento (frasco hermético de vidrio y bolsa de aluminio sellada al vacío) a dos tiempos, tiempo de almacenamiento (1 a 3 meses) y tres temperatura de almacenamiento (-20, 5, 20 °C) sobre la germinación de las especies Coriandrum sativum, Eryngium foetidum y Plantago major. Además, se calculan los porcentajes de germinación (G), índice de sincronía (Z) y coeficiente de velocidad de germinación (VG). Se encuentra que los porcentajes de germinación con almacenamiento de uno y tres meses es similar al mes cero. Ninguna de las temperaturas de almacenamiento afecta significativamente la germinación de las semillas en las tres especies durante los meses de conservación. No hay diferencias significativas en la germinación de semillas almacenadas en frasco hermético o en bolsas de aluminio. El índice de sincronía de germinación de semillas (Z) en las tres especies aumenta después del almacenamiento durante uno y tres meses con respecto al mes 0. La velocidad de germinación se duplica en P. major y en E. foetidum y es similar al mes 0 en C. sativum. Los índices VG y Z muestran que la germinación de las especies, después de 1 y 3 meses de almacenamiento a los tres niveles de temperatura, resulta en corto plazo y uniforme, además, no tienen latencia y tienen comportamiento ortodoxo. Esto representa una ventaja para los agricultores porque permite que se almacenen las semillas por un periodo de tiempo y el establecimiento rápido y uniforme de los individuos. En el corto plazo, el almacenamiento en frasco hermético de vidrio y en temperaturas frescas (i.e. 5, 20 °C) es una opción al alcance de los agricultores, para mantener la viabilidad de las semillas.
Microorganismos eficaces y Trichoderma sp. en el biocontrol de mildiu (Peronospora variabilis) en cultivo de quinua
Authors: Leon Ttacca Betsabe , Mendoza Coari Paul Pascual , Palao Iturregui Luis Alfredo
Published: September 2022

Los cultivos de quinua en el altiplano peruano se ven afectados por la enfermedad de mildiu, que puede causar pérdidas de hasta el 90 % de la producción. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el efecto de cepas de Trichoderma sp.  y microorganismos eficaces (ME) en el control del mildiu y rendimiento de la quinua. En el terreno experimental del Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP), Camacani de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano del departamento de Puno, en la campaña agrícola 2016-2017, se sembraron semillas control y otras paletizadas con ocho tratamientos: cuatro cepas de Trichoderma sp., tres dosis de ME (5 %, 10 % y 15 %) y una mezcla de las cepas de Trichoderma sp. y ME (15 %), posteriormente se realizaron cuatro aplicaciones foliares de cada uno de los ocho tratamientos a 1x107 ufc.ml-1, en cada momento crítico del ciclo fenológico. Se determinó el área bajo la curva del progreso de la enfermedad (AUDPC) y el rendimiento. Todos los tratamientos aplicados favorecieron significativamente la reducción del patógeno y al rendimiento del cultivo. El tratamiento más efectivo en la reducción del mildiu fue Trichoderma spp. cepa TETQ-3, seguido de ME al 5 % con AUDPC de 586.19 y 586.44 respectivamente, que equivale a un 53 % menos que el control. En cuanto al rendimiento, ME al 5 % aumentó la producción en un 208 %, de 1256 kg/ha a 3872 kg/ha. El empleo de estos microorganismos representa una alternativa de uso sostenible para el biocontrol de fitopatógenos y promoción del crecimiento en los cultivos de quinua.
Síndrome de Apert: alternativas de tratamiento ortodóntico - quirúrgico y tiempos de ejecución. Una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Giraldo–Barrero Yury Paola , Carrillo–Mendigaño Natalia , Peña–Vega Claudia Patricia , Yezioro–Rubinsky Salomón
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: realizar una revisión de la literatura acerca de los tratamientos ortodónticos y quirúrgicos del síndrome de Apert durante las diferentes etapas de crecimiento y desarrollo. Métodos: se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en las bases de datos MedLine (PubMed), Science Direct, Scopus y Wiley Online Library con la combinación de los siguientes términos: Syndromic craniosynostosis, Dental treatment, orthodontic treatment, Apert Syndrome, surgical treatment, dental care. Se incluyeron revisiones sistemáticas y de literatura, estudios retrospectivos, longitudinales y de cohorte, series y revisiones de caso publicados entre 1990 y 2020 en español o inglés; se excluyeron artículos relacionados con otros síndromes, así como estudios en animales. Los artículos fueron seleccionados según su pertinencia y disponibilidad de texto completo; hallazgos repetidos fueron eliminados; adicionalmente, se utilizó el sistema bola de nieve en los artículos seleccionados; la calidad de la evidencia fue evaluada mediante el sistema GRADE. Resultados: 34 artículos fueron incluidos (calidad alta: 2, moderada: 1, baja: 19 y muy baja: 12). Entre estos, se identificaron discusiones relacionadas con la etapa de crecimiento a la que se recomienda realizar los procedimientos quirúrgicos requeridos para minimizar sus impactos negativos. La mayoría de los artículos apoyan el manejo terapéutico ejecutado por equipos multidisciplinarios. Conclusiones: un plan de tratamiento combinado de ortodoncia y cirugía ortognática se presentó como la mejor opción para obtener los mejores resultados funcionales y estéticos para la población en cuestión. El momento adecuado durante el crecimiento y desarrollo de los individuos para implementar cada fase de tratamiento fue decidido por cada equipo multidisciplinario.
MODELOS DE CONTEO ALTERNATIVOS PARA LOS COMPONENTES DEL CPO EN UNA ENCUESTA DE SALUD BUCAL EN MONTEVIDEO, URUGUAY
Authors: Álvarez-Vaz Ramón , Massa Fernando
Published: September 2022

Actualmente existen varios indicadores de las diferentes dimensiones que se determinan a nivel individual en salud oral desde una perspectiva epidemiológica. Dentro de los que corresponden a la patología Caries se consideran entonces los indicadores CPO, ceo, ICDAS entre otros. El CPO es un índice unidimensional que cuenta el número de dientes cariados C, perdidos P y obturados O y cuando debe ser evaluado en un contexto de regresión, es un caso particular de Modelo de Conteo, donde la variable de respuesta refiere al número de veces que un evento ocurre, siendo el evento de conteo la realización de una variable aleatoria no negativa, pudiéndose trabajar con el marco conceptual de la teoría de los Modelos Lineales Generalizados (MLG).  En la revisión de la literatura en varios trabajos publicados en revista especializadas de Biomedicina y Epidemiología bien rankeadas no se le presta mucha atención a estos aspectos, donde no queda muchas veces claro porque se opta por alternativas al modelo de Poisson, sino que tampoco se trabaja la capacidad de ajuste (ver capacidad predictiva). Los autores muchas veces solamente se dedican a ver las variables y ajustar modelos, resolviéndose por aquellos donde aparecen variables significativas pero que podrían ser muy pobres prediciendo. Este último aspecto es relevante ya que en base a esos modelos los investigadores terminan elaborando teoría para explicar patologías en función de variables que no son buenas predictoras. Por estos motivos en este trabajo se presentan alternativas a los modelos de conteo básicos y se pone un especial énfasis en la capacidad predictiva de los mismos.
CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA CELULOSA PROVENIENTE DEL LODO PAPELERO Y SU ESTERIFICACIÓN
Authors: Labrador Sánchez Henry , Osto Steffany
Published: September 2022

El tratamiento de efluentes de la industria de papel suave, genera un residuo denominado “lodo”, el cual es una mezcla de caolín y de fibras de celulosa. Debido a la importancia tanto biológica como comercial que este carbohidrato posee, se realizó la separación de la celulosa del lodo papelero para su caracterización y su modificación por una reacción de esterificación, encontrándose que el porcentaje másico presente de celulosa en el lodo papelero fue de 33% (m/m), lo cual hace factible su obtención a partir de este residuo orgánico, en el análisis semicuantitavo de la superficie se encontró la presencia de cloruro y es producto del método que se usó para la separación de la celulosa, en el cual se usó hipoclorito de sodio. La celulosa obtenida fue esterificada, obteniéndose el acetato de celulosa (monoester) por el análisis de FTIR.
REDES NEURONALES Y SU APLICACIÓN EN LA CLASIFICACIÓN DE PATRONES
Authors: Alamilla-Jiménez Edgar , Bolivar-Cime Addy , Nájera Edilberto
Published: September 2022

En este trabajo se muestran aplicaciones de redes neuronales para clasificar patrones. Se explicará la estructura de una red neuronal artificial, el gradiente descendente y el algoritmo de backpropagation. Se exhibirá cómo se ajustan redes neuronales a datos encontrados en la literatura, haciendo uso de la función sigmoide logístico y la función sigmoide arcotangente, considerando capas ocultas y variando el número de neuronas ocultas; además se muestran tablas de confusión para comparar la clasificación de las redes neuronales.
Índice de cumplimiento de los objetivos misionales establecidos por la Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, con base en la percepción de los estudiantes
Authors: Pérez Agamez Raúl , Oliveros Juan Camilo
Published: September 2022

El propósito del presente trabajo es establecer una metodología que ilustra como evaluar una política pública mediante el ajuste de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales vía mínimos cuadrados parciales (SEM-PLS), en el modelo antes referido se presentan dos tipos de variables: indicadoras, las cuales pueden ser asociadas a la eficiencia, eficacia, efectividad o percepción, y variables latentes (VL) que tienen que ver con las acciones que se implementan desde la política pública, él modelo estructural que se propone tiene en cuenta la finalidad y orientación (hipótesis de investigación) de la política pública que en particular se desee investigar. En este caso particular se analizó la misión de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia para la Sede Medellín. A partir de la normatividad institucional existente: Acuerdos, Resoluciones, Plan de Desarrollo 2015 - 2018 y el Plan de Acción 2016 - 2018, además, de textos complementarios: \cite{martinez2011,vallaeys2008}, entre otros, se proponen unas hipótesis de investigación y un conjunto de variables indicadoras asociadas a cada variable latente, que se encuentran presentes en la misión de la Universidad, estas son: fomentar el acceso con equidad a la universidad (FAE),el nivel de satisfacción con la oferta académica (NSOA), la formación de profesionales competentes y socialmente responsables (FPCSR), elaboración y resignificación del Proyecto de nación (ERPN), estudiar y enriquecer el patrimonio cultural, natural y ambiental (EPCNA) y asesorar en los órdenes científico, tecnológico, cultural y artístico con autonomía académica e investigativa (ACTAC). Los datos para ajustar el modelo se obtuvieron mediante una encuesta realizada a los estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín, y finalmente se construye el Índice de Cumplimento el cual varía entre 0 y 100 puntos
Caracterización morfoagronómica del germoplasma de chirimoya (Annona cherimola mill.) De dos colecciones ex situ en Ecuador
Authors: Feican-Mejía Carlos Gonzalo , Duchi-Albarracín María Isabel , Minchala-Guaman Luis Eduardo , Moreira-Macias Ricardo Gonzalo , Viera-Arroyo William Fernando
Published: September 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar la caracterización morfoagronómica de 120 accesiones de chirimoya del germoplasma de la Universidad de Cuenca (Granja El Romeral) y del INIAP (Granja Experimental del Austro). Se evaluaron 66 descriptores, 33 cualitativos y 33 cuantitativos, de acuerdo a los descriptores de Bioversity International. Se realizó un análisis de componentes principales (CP) y de clasificación jerárquica.  El análisis de CP indicó que las cuatro primeras componentes explicaron el 69,45% de la variabilidad total y la clasificación jerárquica identificó cuatro grupos, que junto con las CP revelaron una alta contribución de los caracteres a la variación existente. Las características cuantitativas que contribuyeron a la conformación de las componentes fueron peso de fruto, diámetro longitudinal y ecuatorial del fruto, longitud de la semilla, grosor del exocarpo, diámetro y longitud del pedúnculo, firmeza, pH, número de semillas, peso de semilla y contenido de sólidos solubles totales. Las variables cualitativas que contribuyeron en la conformación de las componentes fueron sabor de la pulpa, tipo de exocarpo, resistencia a la abrasión, desprendimiento de la semilla y contenido de fibra de la pulpa. Los caracteres cualitativos y cuantitativos evaluados presentaron una variabilidad fenotípica intermedia, puesto que de 20 variables cuantitativas que representan el 60%, 12 de estas variables, tienen un coeficiente de variación sobre el 20%.
Nitrogen and phosphorus as macronutrients of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and their physiological functions in different planting patterns of cultivation in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Prihastanti Erma , Nurchayati Yulita
Published: September 2022

Plant physiological status during the growing season (specific leaf area (SLA), resorption of N and P)leads to knowing the best plant nutrition management (amount and time) based on the plating pattern. Furthermore, proline and glucose content in root tissues may provide a better technique to represent plant stress conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the SLA, the level of reabsorption of N and P from the leaf, and root proline and glucose content of cocoa plants in different seasons and planting patterns. This study was performed in the fields of Plana village, Somagede, Banyumas, 14 Central Java, Indonesia, and was conducted in December 2015 (rainy season) and October 2016 (dry season) on 7 years-old cocoa plants (Theobroma cacao). Three different planting patterns were observed; (1) only cocoa plants, (2) cocoa and coconut pattern, and (3) cocoa with shading trees. The results showed that different seasons and planting patterns affected each observed parameter differently. Cocoas’ SLA was not significantly different in all areas for both 2015 and 2016. N resorption during the growing season did not change in 2015 and 2016 in all planting patterns, whereas P resorption had a significant change in 2016 in all planting patterns. The proline content was significantly different in June 2015, October 2015, and March 2016 in all planting patterns. The glucose content in roots showed insignificant differences in 2015 and 2016 in all planting patterns. These results also showed that SLA and glucose did respond to season and plating patterns. These parameters are suggested as poor indicators of physiological status. Furthermore, sowing cocoa plants with other types of plants can be used to help farmers and stakeholders in managing cocoa cultivation in efficient and sustainable ways.
Vacuum impregnation of fresh-cut apples with osmotic solutions containing honey
Authors: Faican Benenaula Maria Auxiliadora , Piagentini Andrea Marcela , Pirovani Maria Elida
Published: September 2022

Fresh-cut apples were subjected to mild vacuum impregnation (Vacuum pressure=67.7 mbar). M0: 30 °Brix honey solution (HS); M0.5: HS+0.5% citric acid (CA)+0.5% ascorbic acid (AA); and M1: HS+1% CA+1% AA were used as osmotic solutions. Changes in soluble solids (SS), pH, firmness, color (∆E*ab), total phenolic and vitamin C content, and antioxidant capacity were evaluated on days 0 and 7 of storage at 1.5 °C. Mass transfer parameters were calculated. The best results were obtained with the M1 treatment. Vacuum-impregnated fresh-cut apples gained solids (3.3%) and weight (1.6%) and lost water (1.8%). The following modifications were observed on day 0: an increase of SS (26%), a reduction in firmness (14%), a slight color change (∆E*ab=3.3), a great increase in vitamin C content (31 times higher than in fresh-cut fruits) and increases in total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity (27% and 77%, respectively). On day 7 of storage, an additional reduction of firmness was observed, but the other attributes were maintained or increased. The M1 treatment is an appropriate alternative for processing fresh-cut apples and obtaining improved healthy attributes.
Экспрессивно-риторический потенциал атрибутивных словосочетаний в похвальных словах XVIII века
Authors: Казаковцева О. С. , Патроева Н. В.
Published: September 2022

В порядке следования слов в русском литературном языке XVIII века, по замечанию многих иссле-дователей, еще не было строго закрепившейся нормы, однако грамматисты XVIII–XIX веков пред-принимали в своих учениях попытки объяснить расположение тех или иных частей речи. Особую роль в закреплении норм словорасположения сыграло учение М. В. Ломоносова, изложенное в его риторических трактатах.

В данной статье описывается функционирование атрибутивных словосочетаний в похвальных словах Ф. Прокоповича, М. В. Ломоносова и А. П. Сумарокова середины XVIII века. Целью настоя-щей работы является анализ порядка компонентов в атрибутивных словосочетаниях в похвальных словах XVIII века, а также описание стилистических средств, использующихся в словорасположе-нии данных атрибутивных конструкций.

Используя метод сплошной выборки, авторы выявили в привлеченных к анализу текстах 1837 атрибутивных конструкций. Преобладающим положением как в двучленных, так и в трехчленных словосочетаниях является препозиция атрибута. Однако было замечено, что количество препози-тивных атрибутивных словосочетаний в панегириках отличается: так, в текстах Ф. Прокоповича препозитивный атрибут используется в половине случаев, тогда как в текстах М. В. Ломоносова и А. П. Сумарокова препозиция атрибута увеличивается, доходя до 82%.

В панегириках М. В. Ломоносова, Ф. Прокоповича и А. П. Сумарокова атрибуты широко упо-требляются в роли однородных членов, наблюдается лексический и синтаксический повтор, спо-собствующий амплификации, и чередование препозитивного и постпозитивного атрибута; ис-пользуются конструкции с дистантным положением членов атрибутивного ряда, посредством параллельного расположения атрибутов подчеркивается противопоставление выражаемых при-знаков или объектов.

В похвальных словах важное место занимают атрибутивные словосочетания, активно используе-мые как стилистическое средство. Так, ряды определений содействуют созданию портрета истори-ческого лица (в данном материале – Петра Великого), которому посвящен панегирик, а также ярко-му изображению его деяний, военных подвигов. Ряды эпитетов, адъективных метафор, сравнение, градация, хиазм, инверсия, другие тропы и фигуры речи – важный в исследовательском плане мате-риал, демонстрирующий корреляцию между представленными в трактатах по теории красноречия и риторической практикой эпохи становления новых норм русского литературного языка после-петровского периода. Атрибутивные конструкции в похвальных словах XVIII века являются сти-листическим средством усиления экспрессивности выражения и создания торжественного пафоса.
Analytical method validation on simultaneous estimation of Ozenoxacin and Benzoic acid in pharmaceutical formulation
Authors: Ramireddy Amarnath Reddy , Behara Dilip Kumar
Published: September 2022

In this study, an accurate, simple, economical and precise Reversed-Phase High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Ozenoxacin and Benzoic Acid in a pharmaceutical cream formulation, according to the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. Chromatographic separation was achieved by gradient elution, on RP-HPLC Instrument, equipped with column C8 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size) using Ultra Violet (UV) detector at 235 nm wavelength, by using Mobile Phase A: triethylamine, trifloroacetic acid and water (1:1:1000) and Mobile Phase B: methanol and Diluent: water, acetonitrile and triethylamine (500:500:1), at flow rate 0.8 mL min−1; injection volume of 20 μL; column oven temperature 45 °C and sample temperature: 25 °C; Run time: 15 min. All the validation parameters were within the acceptance criteria, as per ICH requirements, for Ozenoxacin and Benzoic acid. Consequently, this method has found to be validated, simple, rapid and successfully applicable, to the simultaneous estimation of Ozenoxacin and Benzoic acid by RP-HPLC, for routine analytical testing in quality control, with a run time of 15 min and for future research studies. Forced degradation of Ozenoxacin cream 1% w/w formulation was performed and found that validated method has stability indicating potential that needs to be further studied.
Regulations for unmanned aerial vehicle flights in poland and other european countries – an analysis of the applicable law
Authors: Budkowski Szczepan
Published: September 2022

In Poland, a growing interest in unmanned aerial vehicles has been observed in successive years. First and foremost, the development trend concerns operations with the use of unmanned aerial vehicles – i.e. drones – employed for sport, recreational, and commercial purposes. The aim of the present study is to familiarize the users of drones with the most important issues related to the various regulations and responsibility for their flights in Poland and other European countries. Unmanned aerial vehicles expand the spatial range in which research can be conducted. The work uses the method of critical analysis and case analysis based on legislative changes in Polish and European law. The research subject addressed the characteristics of the pertinent aviation law regulations, including those applicable to unmanned aerial vehicles. In this context, a study of regulations in European countries was also conducted, indicating the differences between individual countries. The article is a kind of resume of legislative regulations in force in Europe in the context of unmanned aerial vehicles. Extensive legal systems require the pilot of unmanned aerial vehicles to have professional knowledge required to carry out drone missions safely. The conducted analysis of the rules of UAV flights in various countries allows for the conclusion that the introduced changes, aimed at unifying the regulations across all European Union countries, are highly justified. Compared to some other European Union countries, in Poland the implementation of EU regulations in this respect is at an advanced stage.
A contemporary method of activating manor complexes on the example of Pisary village
Authors: Byś Łukasz
Published: September 2022

In Poland, manor complexes are a reminder of the country’s history, identity and culture. Their activation is necessary to save them from being forgotten. The aim of the conceptual design presented in this paper is to determine the adaptability of the area at the former manor granary in the village of Pisary, located in the municipality of Zabierzów in the Małopolskie Voivodeship. The planned activities are meant to transform the area for agritourism purposes and make it
available to both visitors and residents of the municipality. The changes in the selected area over the centuries were traced with analytical methods involving field research. Based on the opportunities offered by the surrounding landscape parks, potential uses of the area were also identified. In addition, efforts were made to symbolically merge the manor estate, the structure of which had been upset by the land parcelling. As a result of the analyses, three main zones were delineated, namely the recreation, educational and service zones. The project includes an adaptation of historic buildings for agritourism purposes together with accompanying services.
In the conceptual design, the picturesque courtyard was developed into a multifunctional centre at a historic site with accompanying infrastructure. The terrain and natural conditions were utilised to create tourist attractions, providing active recreation. The centuries-old park, for example, has been made more suitable for walking and admiring the local fauna and flora. These interventions have enhanced the high landscape values of the site, ensuring that it meets the needs of contemporary visitors. This project shows how an attractive and welcoming facility can be created with little interference and in respect of the history of the site. This project is an example of how to use natural, geological, landscape and historical values to design an interesting point on the tourist map of the municipality.
From the Camino de Santiago to English Cathedrals
Authors: Sepp Tiina
Published: September 2022

In this article I analyse my experiences of conducting fieldwork in four English cathedrals: Canterbury, Durham, Westminster and York. The focus will be on various challenges related to carrying out fieldwork in sacred spaces. I will also reflect on my role as a researcher and pilgrim/visitor and compare it with my previous experience of researching the Santiago pilgrimage. I explore the following: similarities and differences between conducting fieldwork on the Camino and in cathedrals; and how what I have learned in the Camino context is (or is not) transferable to the Cathedrals context. I will also reflect on how some of the practicalities of conducting fieldwork—such as the location of our workspace in the cathedral—can lead to wider understanding of several topics, for instance, what defines a sacred space, and how different sources of information interact methodologically.
Different Shades of Green
Authors: Jewdokimow Marcin , Sadłoń Wojciech , Castagnetto Marco
Published: September 2022

The article investigates the process of the greening of Catholicism from a discursive perspective. Using semantic field analysis, we examined differences and similarities in the approach to ecology and “assessed” the impact of Laudato Si’—the encyclical letter by Pope Francis—on discourse in selected Polish and Italian weekly publications. The article demonstrates how ecology is being “absorbed” within the Catholic press and how it works in the discursive environment; it also reveals the process of legitimation of “ecological norms” in Catholic practical narratives which differ in Poland and Italy.
Development of the design and technology of extrusion of metal-polymer mixtures for the production of feedstocks
Authors: Isametova Madina , Absadykov Bakhyt , Bazarbay Bauyrzhan , Smailova Gulbarshyn
Published: September 2022

The paper is devoted to the development of new equipment for the production of metal-polymer thread. 3D printing with metal-polymer thread is one of the advanced directions in the technology of manufacturing metal parts of complex shape. The proposed technology is an alternative to the currently existing metal injection molding (MIM) technology and selective laser melting printing technology. An important step in this work was to conduct computational experiments to determine the effect of screw rotation on the process pressure parameter and the design of the main assembly of the screw extruder. As a result of the research, the pressures on the metal-polymer composition were determined depending on the rotation speed of the screw. With a rotation of 30 rpm, the pressure reached 0.05 Pa and the maximum pressure was 0.18 MPa. The experiments were carried out in the CradelSFlow program. The computer calculation showed a margin of the screw strength coefficient k=1.8, and a maximum deflection of 2.8∙10–4 m, which meets the condition of static rigidity. To determine the correct value of the gap δ between the screw ridge and the extruder walls, an analysis of the rotor dynamics was carried out. The result of this study is the critical extruder rotation speed of 60 rpm at which the phenomenon of precession may occur. Amplitude-frequency characteristics ydin=7∙10–4 m. According to the results of the dynamic calculation, the screw dimensions were adjusted, the geometry was reduced by ∆=0.5 mm. The experiments made it possible to verify the optimal parameters of the technological process of metal-polymer mixture extrusion. The data obtained are important for the improvement and development of 3D printing technology for metal parts of complex geometric shape.
Effects of adding different contents of pig rind on physical and chemical properties and sensory qualities of wheat bran chicken sausage
Authors: Shang Feifei , Kryzhska Tetyana , Duan Zhenhua
Published: September 2022

Chicken sausage is one of the very popular meat products. In order to change the nutritional composition of chicken sausage and increase the content of dietary fiber, we add bran, but it affects the textural properties of chicken sausage. Pork rind is rich in collagen and is a natural and safe food gel. Pork rind content affects the cooking loss, color, TPA, moisture distribution and sensory evaluation results of cooked sausage products. In this study, six different pigskin content treatment experiments were set up: 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, and 25 %.
This research shows that adding pork rind can reduce cooking loss during the sausage heating process. As more pork rind was added, the L* and b* values of minced meat and chicken sausage gradually increased, while the a* value gradually decreased. The chewiness of the sausages in the test group was significantly reduced (p<0.05), except for T1, while the elasticity, recovery, and cohesiveness did not change significantly (p>0.05), and the hardness value increased significantly (p<0.05). The hardness of the sausages increased significantly (except in T5). Compared with the control group, the relaxation times of hydrated water and immobilized water in the treatment group became shorter, while the relaxation times of free water shifted to a longer direction. Sensory evaluation revealed that the hardness score of the T5 group was significantly lower than that of the control group. Based on these results, the sausage quality of the T3 group (pork rind 15 %) was the highest.
This study improves the gel properties of bran chicken sausage, provides scientific data support for the application of pork rind in chicken sausage, improving the application value of pork rind.
Analysis of the effect of diesel-essential oil fuel mixture on the performance, noise, vibration of diesel engines
Authors: Susilo Sugeng Hadi , Listiyono Listiyono , Khambali Khambali
Published: September 2022

The increasing demand for diesel fuel causes high levels of air pollution, noise, and vibration. Therefore, we need a mixture of materials that can reduce the environmental effect with low vibration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a diesel-essential oil mixture on a diesel engine, related to engine performance, noise, and vibration. The research was conducted using a 402 CC Dongfeng diesel engine, a mixture of diesel and essential oils with a percentage of 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, engine speed of 1,300 rpm, 1,500 rpm, 1,700 rpm, 1,900 rpm. The noise intensity test uses a sound level meter at 30–130 dBA with a frequency between 20–20,000 Hz. To test the density of smoke, a smoke tester was used. Meanwhile, to measure the rotational speed of the engine, a DT 2234L type tachometer was used. A digital stopwatch was used to measure the processing time with an accuracy of up to 0.01 s. Besides that, a strain gauge was also used to detect vibrations. A measuring cup was used to measure the volume of the mixture of fuel and essential oils. The results showed that in the B10 mixture at 1,300 rpm engine speed, the largest fuel consumption time was 155 s. While the smallest fuel consumption time is found at 1,900 engine speed, which is 106 s. The lowest percentage of exhaust emissions is in the B20 mixture, which is 56.8 %. While the largest percentage of exhaust emissions is in B0 with a value of 79.8 %. The lowest noise value is in the B10 mixture at 1,300 rpm engine speed, which is 105.7 dB. While the highest noise value is at 1,900 engine speed, which is 112.3 dB. The lowest vibration is in the B10 mixture with an engine speed of 1,300 rpm, which is 975.7 Hz. While the highest noise value is in the B10 mixture with 1,900 engine speed, which is 989.8 Hz.
Justifying the expediency of using composite components in the long-wheelbase platform car
Authors: Fomin Oleksij , Lovska Alyona , Fomina Anna , Boyko Gregori
Published: September 2022

This paper reports the improved load-bearing design of a long-wheelbase platform car for the transportation of containers. The improvement involves the construction of a special structure to accommodate fitting stops made from composite material. The design of the add-on structures provides an opportunity to reduce dynamic loads between containers and the platform car at the expense of elastic friction bonds.
The dynamic load on the bearing structure of the platform car was determined. To this end, a mathematical model was built that takes into consideration its movement in the vertical plane. The results of resolving the mathematical problem established that the derived values of accelerations were 5.3 % and 6.2 %, respectively, lower than those acting on the platform car and container, taking into consideration the typical scheme of their interaction.
To ensure the strength of the add-on structure, the calculation was performed using a finite-element method. It was established that the maximum stresses occurred in the inclined parts of the add-on structure and were 113.6 MPa, which is much lower than the permissible ones.
In addition, within the framework of this study, a dynamic load on the improved design of the platform car was determined when it moves empty. The calculation results showed that the defined indicators of dynamics were within the permissible limits while the ride of the platform car was "good".
The coefficient of resistance to fatigue of the load-bearing structure of the platform car was determined, taking into consideration the new scheme of interaction with containers. Taking the proposed solutions into account, it becomes possible to increase the resistance coefficient of fatigue of the load-bearing structure of the platform car by 8 % compared to the typical scheme.
The study reported here could help reduce the cost of maintaining combined transport vehicles, as well as improve the efficiency of their operation.
Analysis of structural transformations occurring during thermal hardening of building reinforcing steel produced at Baku Steel Company LLC
Authors: Mammadov Arif , Babaev Agil , Ismailov Nizami , Huseynov Mukhtar , Guliyev Faig
Published: September 2022

For the production of building reinforcing steel, special charge components were used, consisting of steel waste, cast iron shavings and about 20 % of NVG pellets. Steel was smelted in a 60-ton electric arc furnace. The pouring of liquid steel was carried out on a continuous casting machine.
Heat treatment was carried out immediately after the rolling operation to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the construction reinforcing steels melted in the electric arc furnace from the charge material using metal waste. It is recommended that these steels be made of low-carbon (C≤0.25 %) and low-alloy steels in order to have a sufficiently high technology and good weldability. However, in order to meet the requirements of construction standards, these steels must have high structural integrity and physical and mechanical properties.
It was found that these requirements can be solved only by heat treatment immediately after the rolling operation of the armature. In this case, the effect can be obtained by reinforcing heat treatment of the fittings by hardening due to the rolling temperature. Therefore, in order to further improve the properties during thermomechanical treatment (TMT), the hardening was carried out directly (immediately) after the deformation in the roll.
Immediately after the spread, the physical and mechanical properties, as well as the fluidity and strength properties of the construction low-carbon reinforcement steels met the requirements of the standard by conducting HTMT. Increased strength and technological properties of reinforcing steel are achieved after hardening by dispersion hardening at high-temperature tempering, which is carried out at a temperature of more than 580 °C
A study of hydrodynamic viscous fluid flow parameters change regularities in case of a conical diffuser
Authors: Sarukhanyan Arestak , Vardanyan Yeghiazar , Vermishyan Garnik
Published: September 2022

Studies of patterns of changes in hydrodynamic parameters of the viscous incompressible fluid in a conical diffuser were conducted. The specificity of the viscous liquid flow in a conical diffuser is that the kinetic energy of the flow, depending on the opening angle, is converted into pressure energy. Depending on Reynolds numbers and diffuser opening angles, the velocity vector field is stationary. With an increase in the Reynolds number, the symmetry of the flow relative to the axis of the diffuser is broken. A general solution to the approximate Navier-Stokes equations is given, based on the diffuser opening angle and the Reynolds number. A method for integrating the boundary value problem has been developed, and the patterns of velocity changes across the diffuser length at a parabolic distribution of velocities in the inlet section are obtained. By integrating partial differential equations that match all boundary conditions, the solution to the boundary value problem can be found. Graphs of changes in radial and axial velocities along the length and with a fixed value of the opening angle are shown; the flow pattern and the transition of a single-mode flow to multimode regimes are obtained. For a fixed opening angle and Reynolds number, the conditions for flow separation from a fixed wall are derived, where the flow velocity changes the sign. A mixing process is observed in the multi-mode region, which is accompanied by numerous pulsation phenomena and an unstable diffuser operation, where the resulting solutions are inappropriate. Based on the results of the studies obtained, it is possible to correctly design a conical diffuser, namely, under the condition of non-separated flow, to choose the opening angle and its length.
Refinement of the mathematical model of electrical energy measurement uncertainty in reduced load mode
Authors: Vasylets Kateryna , Kvasnikov Volodymyr , Vasylets Sviatoslav
Published: September 2022

The object of the study is a three-phase commercial electricity metering unit for 380 V electrical grids. The uncertainty of electricity measurement in the reduced load mode is estimated by the relative deviation of the active energy, measured by the metering unit, from the actual value. The specified deviation is considered as the value of relative deviations on measuring channels, weighted by phase currents. The method of estimating the uncertainty of electricity measurement by one channel of the metering unit is based on the approach to estimating non-random uncertainty using the fuzzy set theory. The parameters of membership functions for the relative deviation of the metering unit readings are estimated at fixed levels of the channel current. Approximation of such functions for different current levels allows you to obtain a set of boundaries of the L-R type fuzzy function corresponding to a set of confidence levels. This allows determining the impact of the load phase current on the measurement uncertainty if the amount of empirical data is limited. The mathematical model for estimating the uncertainty of electricity measurement at reduced load using a fuzzy function was refined. The proposed model differs from the known ones by taking into account the influence of load values for each phase of the metering unit on the measurement uncertainty indicators. The method for determining the membership function and the marginal confidence level, which characterize the uncertainty of energy metering by the metering unit, is proposed. The mathematical modeling results are confirmed as adequate to the experimental data. The proposed model for estimating the measurement uncertainty allows estimating the level of underestimation and clarifying financial calculations between the seller and the buyer of electricity.
Ensuring environmental protection and economic renewal through organic production certification
Authors: Antiushko Dmytro , Bozhko Tetiiana , Osyka Victor , Shapovalova Nataliia , Lozova Tetyana , Fil Mariia , Sienohonova Liudmyla , Dudla Iraida , Volodavchyk Viktoriia , Sienohonova Halyna
Published: September 2022

A popular trend in the development of society, contributing to the provision of a healthy diet, preserving the environment, minimizing harmful emissions, is the focus on the production and consumption of organic products. A common way to confirm the organic properties of certain products is to certify their production and circulation.  Production and export of organic products is largely realized at the expense of the countries of Eastern Europe, where the volume of areas suitable for organic production exceeds 3 %. The military aggression of the Russian Federation has become a threat to environmental and economic security, a challenge to the global system of food supply, environmental well-being. To preserve the environment and restore the economy, organic production is important, ensuring its certification in accordance with generally accepted standards. The object of this study is the certification of organic production and circulation of organic products. The importance of certification in enabling the effective work of organic market participants is analyzed. The would-be branches of organic production, the mechanism, the main stages, the features of its implementation, as well as the results, have been established. The analysis of the main standards for compliance with which certification of production and circulation of organic products was carried out. Certification bodies that have the right to issue inspection certificates for export to the EU have been identified. It was established that certification of organic production greatly contributes to the practical provision of environmental conservation, guaranteeing minimization of the level of use of synthetic, harmful substances and their emissions, stimulating participants in the agricultural business to be more attentive to the preservation of the environment and natural resources.
Synthesis of high-temperature superconducting ceramics in the Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system based on amorphous precursors
Authors: Uskenbaev Daniyar , Zhetpisbayev Kairatbek , Nogai Adolf , Beissenov Renat , Zhetpisbayeva Ainur , Baigisova Kymbat , Salmenov Yerkebulan , Nogai Artur , Tursyntay Serua
Published: September 2022

The paper presents the results of the synthesis of bismuth superconducting ceramics with compositions Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Can-1CunOy (n=2, 3, 5) based on amorphous ceramics obtained by ultrafast melt quenching. In order to increase the rate of formation of superconducting compounds, effective devices have been developed for melting and hardening melts under the action of IR radiation. The sample holder was made of platinum. Melting and hardening were carried out in a continuous mode in an oxidizing environment in a flowing air atmosphere. The study of the elemental composition of the precursor samples established a slight deviation towards a decrease in the cationic composition of the precursors (Bi, Pb and Ca), relative to the stoichiometric composition. An increase in oxygen content by 12–15 % was also found. Synthesis of superconducting compounds was carried out in the temperature range of 843–850 °C, depending on the composition. The study found that in the sample Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca4Cu5Oy (2245) the superconducting high-temperature phase 2223 crystallizes. It was found that the formation of the superconducting phase 2223 in the Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca4Cu5Oy composition occurs in a lower and wider temperature range (843–848 °C) compared to the Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy (2223) composition. The complete formation of the superconducting high-temperature phase 2223 in a sample with the nominal composition Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy (2223) was carried out in a narrow temperature range of 849–850 °C, in a strict temperature regime with the participation of the liquid phase. An increase in the rate of formation of the superconducting compound 2223 in both studied compositions by 1.5–2.5 times was established, compared with the solid-phase method and other melt methods