bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diskussion i forlængelse af Erik Petersens artikel i bd. 48, 2009
Authors: Ilsøe Harald , Petersen Erik
Published: March 2020

Bidrag af:Harald Ilsøe: Misforståelser og fejl? Nogle bemærkninger til Erik Petersens afhandling i Fund og Forskning bind 48. Erik Petersen: Replik om KBs Arkiv E 8 a, Harald Ilsøe og historikken.
Retsvidenskabens store bibliograf : Jens Søndergaard in memoriam 8.8.1917 – 21.7.2011
Authors: Nielsen Erland Kolding
Published: March 2020

Nekrolog over fhv. forskningsbibliotekar Jens Søndergaard
Bibliografi 1955-2012
Authors: Ilsøe Harald
Published: March 2020

Bibliografi over Harald Ilsøes produktion i perioden 1955-2012.
“Ist ein alt buch”. Hertug Johann Albrecht 1. af Mecklenburgs bibliotekskatalog fra 1573
Authors: Kongsted Ole
Published: March 2020

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Bibliothekskatalog von Herzog Johann Albrecht von Mecklenburg vom Jahre 1573, den Hanno Lietz, Abteilungsleiter i.R. der Sondersammlungen der UB Rostock, im Mecklenburgischen Landeshauptarchiv in Schwerin entdeckt hat. Dieser Fund ermöglicht es der Forschung in einem weit höheren Maße, als es bislang der Fall war, zu einer Wertschätzung der gesamten Bibliothek zu kommen, die zu den bedeutendsten Renaissancebibliotheken Nordeuropas zu zählen ist.In einer Reihe von Einzelabschnitten wird (1.) kurz über die Geschichte der Bibliothek berichtet, (2.) über die Überführung in das Schloss Schwerin, (3.) über ihr späteres Schicksal sowie ferner (4.) über die Tätigkeit der damaligen Bibliothekare Tilemann Stella und Samuel Fabricius. Sie haben die Anlage der Bibliothek bis zum Tod des Herzogs im Jahre 1576 betreut.Daneben erfolgt eine kodikologische Beschreibung des Katalogs, der 1573 von Samuel Fabricius, ständiger Mitarbeiter des Herzogs, in eine Reinschrift gebracht wurde.Dieser Abschnitt bietet zugleich eine über die äußere Erscheinung des Buches hinausgehende Darstellung des Registrierungssystems, die geschaffen wurde, um den Bestand dieser Universalbibliothek deutlich zu machen. Zum einen basiert die Registrierung auf einer alle Buchstaben von A-Z sowie astronomische und alchemistische Zeichen benutzenden Signatur. Zum anderen werden laufende Nummern von 1-100 verwendet. Ob dahinter ein übergeordnetes Prinzip existiert, ist jedoch nicht zu erkennen.Ohne diesen Katalog scheint die Benutzung der Bibliothek allerdings nicht möglich gewesen zu sein. Auch ist Näheres über den Zeitpunkt der Anschaffung der Bücher aus den vergebenen Signaturen nicht zu ermitteln.Ein weiterer Abschnitt des Beitrags ist den Büchern und Manuskripten sowie deren Themen und Autoren gewidmet und gibt bezüglich aller Bücher des Katalogs Auskünfte über das jeweilige Erscheinungsjahr, soweit dies mitgeteilt ist. Eine Übersicht lässt erkennen, dass der Hauptteil der Bücher dem Zeitraum 1552-1576 entstammt, also neu war. Stark repräsentiert sind Bücher aus den 1560er Jahren wie auch vom Beginn der 1570er Jahre. Der vorliegende Artikel enthält schließlich noch eine Liste all jener Musikmanuskripte, die im Katalog aufgeführt sind, aber seit 1573 verloren gingen.Die Bibliothek des mecklenburgischen Herzogs enthält eine erlesene Musikaliensammlung, auf die der zeichnende Verfasser früher bereits in anderem Zusammenhang aufmerksam gemacht hat. Der Hauptbestand dieser Sammlung, bestehend aus Büchern und Manuskripten, befindet sich heute in der UB Rostock und trägt die Signatur Mus.Saec. XVI. Was die Manuskripte aus dem 16. Jahrhundert anbelangt, so ist derzeit ein Katalog mit sämtlichen incipits in Arbeit, ebenfalls versehen – soweit feststellbar – mit Angabe der Schreiberhände. Dieser Katalog soll als Band 1 einer neuen Serie von Documenta Musica Regionis Balticae erscheinen (Capella Hafniensis Editions, Det Kongelige Bibliotek).
“At tale om fornödne ting, og at give nogen idée om historiens hærlighed” – Om Ludvig Holbergs lærebog verdenshistorie, Synopsis historiæ universalis (1733)
Authors: Skovgaard-Petersen Karen
Published: March 2020

Among the lesser known works by the Danish-Norwegian enlightenment writer Ludvig Holberg (1684–1754) is a brief world history in Latin (208 pages in octavo), entitled Synopsis historiæ universalis. It was written as a textbook for pupils in the Latin schools and students at the University.Holberg structured his account in accordance with the traditional Protestant model of world history, according to which the world had been ruled by four successive world monarchies (the Assyrian, the Persian, the Greek and the Roman). The model had been promoted first and foremost by Melanchthon in the 16th century. However, the model was blatantly inadequate even in Holberg’s day because of its narrow European horizon. The article asks, as a point of departure, why Holberg nevertheless found the model suitable as structuring principle of his world history.To some extent Holberg himself provides an answer in his preface. The model, he explains, made it possible to outline the history of the world in a clearly structured way and to focus on topics that he considered important and useful for young students to reflect on. It is his aim, he declares, to impart on the young students ‘a love of history’, and he distances himself from other textbooks on world history that contain nothing but dry lists of rulers.Turning to the text itself, the article attempts to demonstrate how Holberg put these intentions into practice. In his account of the four world monarchies and (in the latter half) of the European nations, there are a number of recurrent themes: political institutions, reasons for changes of power, trade, religion, law, cultural and intellectual characteristics of a given society, etc. These are subjects typical of enlightenment historiography – including Holberg’s own works – and it was, paradoxically, in order to give proper attention to these enlightenment themes that Holberg limited his account of world history to the world encompassed by the old-fashioned model of the four monarchies.However, also in another respect Holberg’s Synopsis continued the Protestantic tradition from Melanchthon: it stresses the depravity of the papacy from late antiquity onwards. With all its enlightenment themes, often pedagogically illustrated through entertaining anecdotes, Holberg’s textbook still conveys an unwavering Lutheran view of history to its young readers.
Udbredelsen af J.P.E. Hartmanns klavermusik
Authors: Krabbe Niels
Published: March 2020

With the collected edition of J.P.E. Hartmann’s piano music in The Hartmann Edition of Danish Centre for Music Publication at The Royal Library (edited in two volumes in 2012 by the author), the article discusses the role of Hartmann’s piano music in the Danish musical life of the 19th century, included its relation to general trends in piano music of the time outside Denmark. The article focuses on the scope and genres of the composer’s more than 50 piano works including the dissemination of the music in Hartmann’s time, both in the form of published editions and of public and private performances . It is concluded that there is a conspicuous disproportion between the number of published editions (Danish and German) and the lack of fingerprints from the music in the actual music life.
Hvad en lille brun pakke gemte. En studie i dronning Louises programsamling
Authors: Røllum-Larsen Claus
Published: March 2020

In 1954, along with Queen Louise’s (1817–1898) collection of music, The Royal Library also received a small collection of programmes, mainly of private arrangements within the royal court. A small number of programmes of private dramatic performances are particularly interesting. They show that the queen was present at such arrangements, and that she herself took part when young. A series of programmes also documents Queen Louise’s presence at i.a. the wedding of her grandchild, the Crown Prince Konstantin, in Athens in 1889.
Danske kortsamlere og -samlinger med fokus på Det Kongelige Biblioteks kortsamlinger
Authors: Dupont Henrik
Published: March 2020

Map collectors have until now been neglected by Danish authors, and we accordingly lack knowledge of the provenance of the older sections of the map collections. The article article gives an overview of the provenance of some of the larger atlases together with a brief description of their contents. The provenance of the large atlas works “Atlas Major” and “Holsteins Atlas” is shown to be an auction purchase of 1813.It also gives an outline of other composite works as well as an account of one of the more recent map collections, acquired by The Royal Library in 1909, the so-called Gjorslev collection, built up by P.B. Scavenius through purchases from Colonel Keyper and later acquisitions. In 1894 the collection was sold to the wholesaler Vilh. Borgen, whose heirs sold it to The Royal Library.
"Helhedens Forstaaelse". Peter Hansens Litteraturhistorie
Authors: Gissel Jon A.P.
Published: March 2020

Peter Hansen (Copenhagen 1840 – Hellerup 1905) was a journalist and essayist, whowrote energetically and in a lively manner, and who was also active as a translator. HisIllustrated History of Danish Literature in three volumes is important, especially the thirdvolume, which makes it possible to approach Danish literature of the 19th century inmany ways. This comprehensive volume is an important instrument of research withregard to those parts of the literature of this period, which have not received muchattention from posterity, such as the writers on the Conservative side of the cultural debatein the last third of the century. The article investigates in which sense this historyof literature can be termed conservative, describes its views and interests, includinghow it refers to Christianity, patriotic feeling, and the conservative writers. Hansen’swork puts emphasis on a national revival and less on a religious one. The unified wholeis presented as a philosophy of life, and History means exceedingly much within thistotality. Peter Hansen wished to see Danish culture as a unity, making scholarship alsoa part of the literature, and he made various scholars write descriptions of their owndisciplines in the 19th century. P. Hansen puts emphasis on clarity, in the authors he isdealing with, as well as in his own presentation. He also wants to avoid exaggerations,e.g. with regard to national feelings, which are otherwise a mayor concern to him. Themain impression is therefore a broad and balanced representation of the topic, mainlyin accordance with the National Liberal movement of the century. The article showsthat this attitude manifests itself also in a lack of criticism as to principles of the culturalradicalism of the day, despite expressing opposition to certain means of fightingin the debate. An attitude to life is rather reflected in the optimism which he maintainscontrary to the pessimism of the naturalists.
Kulturradikal musik og kommunistisk muzak. Kritisk kommentar til Michael Fjeldsøes disputats Kulturradikalismens musik
Authors: Hertel Hans
Published: March 2020

Teksten er en omredigeret version af min opposition ex auditorio ved MichaelFjeldsøes disputatsforsvar på Københavns Universitet Amager 17. maj 2013. Som dettredje medlem af bedømmelsesudvalget talte jeg ind imellem professor Magnar Breivik,Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, og lektor emeritus,dr.phil. Peter Woertmann Christoffersen, Institut for Kunst- og Kulturvidenskab, KøbenhavnsUniversitet, der begge primært fokuserede på afhandlingens musikvidenskabeligeog -historiske aspekter.Michael Fjeldsøe: Kulturradikalismens musik. (Danish Humanist Texts & Studies vol. 45).Museum Tusculanums Forlag 2013. 829 sider. ISBN 978-87-635-3894-7
Vidensamfundets forhistorie. En introduktion til nyere, international udforskning af tidligmoderne videnskulturer ca. 1500-1800
Authors: Bjerring-Hansen Jens
Published: March 2020

The scope of this review essay on The pre-history of the Knowledge Society is to introducenew explorations (writings, research projects and web resources) into early moderncultures of knowledge c. 1500 to 1800. It focuses mainly on German and Anglo-Americanscholarship from the last two decades. The dialogue between these traditions,e.g. the material-orientated ‘information history’ and the often more anthropologicalinformed field of ‘Wissensgeschichte’, has been almost non-existent. Bringing the twotraditions together is a purpose in itself with this essay. A common focal point in theexploration of early modern knowledge cultures, it is argued, is an emphasis partly onthe practices of knowledge management, whether practical or mental, and partly onthe hybridity of knowledge. Notable and exemplary books, articles and projects fromthis broad field are divided into thematic headings: actors of knowledge, practices ofknowledge, places of knowledge and media. Finally, the burgeoning interest in earlymodern practices and norms of scholarly production is suggested as representing botha reorientation and a retro-orientation of Humanities in the digital age.
Ludvig Holberg og fejden med Johann Arckenholtz
Authors: Schmidt Kristoffer
Published: March 2020

Kristoffer Schmidt: Ludvig Holberg and his feud with Johann Arckenholtz

In 1751, the Swedish librarian Johann Arckenholtz published the first two volumes of his work Memoires Concernant Christine Reine de Suede. The work was mainly a panegyric defence of Queen Christina of Sweden who abdicated in 1654. Christina was a controversial figure in her own time and both contemporary and later authors criticised some of her more dubious actions. Being a fan of the Swedish queen, Arckenholtz defended his heroine vigorously and accused many of her critics of writing untruthful character assassinations.One of these critics was the Danish historian and playwright Ludvig Holberg. Holberg objected to the criticism by writing a rebuttal where he not only rejected Arckenholtz’ views but also accused him of being more of a panegyrist than an actual historian. This sparked a heated debate between the two authors, which would receive international attention. Despite the contemporary interest historical studies about the debate are scarce and inadequate.The purpose of this article is threefold: 1) It gives a detailed account of the feud between Holberg and Arckenholtz; 2) It examines why the feud between the authors became so heated; 3) It examines the Danish-Norwegian, Swedish and international reception of the dispute.
Lübeck ligger syd for Kassel. Omkring to breve fra Kamma Rahbek og et mindedigt af Friederike Brun
Authors: Dreyer Kirsten
Published: March 2020

Marie-Louise Berner: The Flower Painter on His Travels. I.L. Jensen’s Letter from Paris, 1823

On 15 March 1823, the flower painter Johan Laurentz Jensen (1800–1856) wrote a letter from Paris to his friend the sculptor H.V. Bissen. In it, he describes his journey from Copenhagen across the Netherlands to Paris, and he relates his impressions and experiences, especially during the eight months spent in that city. He describes in detail the salon and the exhibition of contemporary art at the Musée du Luxembourg that year. He also makes a number of observations about his daily life, friends and activities, and lastly states that he is on his way to Sèvres, to paint on porcelain.In addition to publishing the letter in its entirety, this article provides an account of the painter’s background, and an analysis of the experiences related and observations made in the letter. It further provides background on the salon: its format and organizational principles, its location, opening hours, visitors, contents and catalogue. Additionally, detailed commentary is provided on Jensen’s observations on the art at the salon and at the Musée du Luxembourg, as well as on Jensen’s life in the city. The article concludes with an appraisal of the importance of the journey to Jensen and his art.
Føreren fra Lendum
Authors: Pedersen Lars Schreiber
Published: March 2020

Lars Schreiber Pedersen: The Führer from Lendum

In writer Erik Aalbæk Jensen’s well-known homeland novel from Vendsyssel Perleporten (The Pearl Gate) from 1964, the figure “Kratholmmanden” (the Kratholm man), is a local farm owner and Nazi leader, who with mixed success tries to win his local area’s residents over to the cause of National Socialism. Erik Aalbæk Jensen’s “Kratholmmand” character was based on Christian Mikkelstrup. During 1934–44, Mikkelstrup was a member of the National Socialist Workers’ Party of Denmark (DNSAP) and from 1935–44 he functioned as the party leader in Horns Herred in north east Vendsyssel. Despite his passionate engagement for the cause during his 10 years in the service of the party, Mikkelstrup was only able to convince a few local residents about the joy of National Socialism. DNSAP never gained any importance in north east Vendsyssel. The local party division in Lendum, which held its meetings in Mikkelstrup’s home, numbered 20–25 members at its height. Mikkelstrup was not solely to blame for the lack of support for the party in his local area. Both he and his fellow believers fought a battle that was impossible to win. The majority of local residents, like the rest of Denmark, at no point wanted to know about DNSAP – which the county council elections in 1935 and the national elections in 1935, 1939 and 1943 clearly showed – and even a leader with a bigger profile than Mikkelstrup, who was neither much of a writer or a speaker, would hardly be likely to attract more members to the party from the region. Together with a number of dissatisfied DNSAP members, he left the party in 1944 and joined the newly-formed Nazi party “Dansk National Samling”, in which however, he did not make much of an impact. With the Liberation of Denmark in May 1945, he was arrested by the resistance movement and was subsequently found guilty of passing on information to the German Security Service (Sicherheitsdienst), which had been based in Aalborg during the occupation. He received a sentence of 18 months imprisonment. He stayed faithful to his National Socialist beliefs after the war but after his release from the prison camp at Kragskovhede in August 1946, he devoted his work to running his farm at Lendum in Vendsyssel. Christian Mikkelstrup died in 1971.
The Issue of the Date of Birth of the Chronicler Guaman Poma de Ayala as Debated at the Colloquium in Poitiers in 2010
Authors: Husson Jean-Philippe
Published: March 2020

Jean-Philippe Husson: The Issue of the Date of Birth of the Chronicler Guaman Poma de Ayala, as Debated at the Colloquium in Poitiers in 2010.

The date of birth of Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala is a question that has been taken up many times by specialists of the Indian chronicler, but it has not yet been solved to the satisfaction of all scholars. Two opposed approaches have been suggested. In the opinion of some, Guaman Poma must have been born around 1560. Others believe that he would have been eighty years old when he completed his chronicle, and that therefore he was born in 1534 or 1535. In order to solve this problem, the author of the present contribution applies all of the three criteria singled out by José de la Puente Luna in his paper read at the colloquium on Guaman Poma held in 2010 in Poitiers, due to be published in Lima in 2015, with the result that all three criteria lead to the same conclusion: a date of 1560, rather than 1534/1535. It is noteworthy that there is no mention of the latter date in the chronicle before page 962 [976], which may reflect the Inca system of classifying individuals by broad age groups.
Montager svøbt i matricepap. En materialearkæologisk undersøgelse af Asger Jorn og Guy Debords Fin de Copenhague
Authors: Kromann Thomas Hvid
Published: March 2020

Thomas Hvid Kromann: Montages wrapped in flong. A material-archeological examination of Asger Jorn and Guy Debord’s Fin de Copenhague

The article presents and analyses Fin de Copenhague, which was published in 1957 by the Danish painter Asger Jorn and the French theorist and activist Guy Debord. According to legend, this famous avant-garde masterpiece was created in a 24-hour fit of vandalistic creativity and bound in a waste product from the production of newspapers, “flong,” making every copy in this edition of 200 unique. Until recently, Fin de Copenhague has been analyzed within the theoretical framework of the Situationist International (1957–1972), focusing rather on the concept than the materiality of the book. In alignment with a heightened theoretical awareness of the importance of Jorn’s printed matter, the article closely examines Fin de Copenhague, drawing on a combination of art historical and book historical disciplines.The first part of the article is focused on the production, the distribution and the reception of the work. Hereby, the article presents the first thorough analysis of the intertextuality of the work as well as the international network the book circulated within. In the second part of the article, one finds an in-depth analysis of the flong. Until now, no research has focused on the variations of Fin de Copenhague. The author has collected photographic documentation of numerous covers from European and American libraries, copies owned by collectors, and copies sold at auction. In this way, the multiple covers can be studied, including the various aesthetic effects of each individual book cover. Furthermore, a material-archeology of the flong makes it possible to date the single pieces of flong, proving that Fin de Copenhague couldn’t possibly be created within these 24-hours. It is necessary to differentiate between finalizing the idea for the book, the printed work and the published work. In addition to this, the notion of the “social authorship” is underlined, stressing the importance of the printers Verner Permild and Bjørn Rosengreen.
Vestlig journalistik i Østblokken under den kolde krig. Temaer, tilgange, teser
Authors: Boel Bent
Published: March 2020

Bent Boel: Western Journalism and Soviet Bloc Dissidents During the Cold War: Themes, Approaches, Theses

The role of journalism in international relations is a field which increasingly is attracting scholars’ attention. Cold War history is no exception in that regard. This article tries to identify themes, approaches and theses in the emerging literature dealing with Western journalists’ role in the Soviet Bloc during the Cold War. It more particularly discusses an issue which figures prominently in the new scholarship, namely the relationship between Western journalists and Soviet Bloc dissidents. Reflecting the bias of the literature, most examples draw on the Soviet case. The bulk of the literature on Cold War journalism discusses American (subsidiarily British) journalists in the Soviet Union and West German journalists in either the USSR or the GDR. As is shown in the article, a number of recent publications have contributed to our understanding of Western journalism in the Soviet Union and the GDR. They have, among other things, thrown new light on the working conditions of the journalists, their role as political actors, and in particular their relationship with Soviet Bloc dissidents. However, it also seems clear that we need substantially more research before we can draw firmer conclusions concerning these themes. An illustrative example could be the relationship between journalists and dissidents. One thesis developed in the new literature is that Western journalists developed a close relationship with Soviet dissidents in the late 1960s and early 1970s. To the extent that this is correct, it is an important finding, which to some degree relativizes the much celebrated impact of the so-called Helsinki process. However, it raises a number of questions. In particular, a number of contemporary testimonies point to a less homogeneous view of the Moscow correspondents: their reactions to the dissidents differed considerably and, presumably, so did their newspapers reports. And there are rather conflicting views on the attitudes of different groups of journalists. Such issues certainly deserve further investigation. In addition, a major problem with the existing literature is that it overwhelmingly focuses on the Soviet Union while ignoring other Soviet Bloc countries. Apart from the special case of West German journalism in the GDR, very little has been written about Western Journalism in Eastern Europe during the Cold War. Still another lacuna is the analysis of the journalistic output and its reception. While there are studies of media coverage of specific issues, more thorough and larger studies are required if we are to understand the possible impact of the media on international relations in this period, including, as some claim, on the ending of the Cold War.
Skrevet på papir og skind. Mesoamerikanske manuskripter fra præcolumbiansk tid til kolonitiden
Authors: Nielsen Jesper , Helmke Christophe , Balle Maja
Published: March 2020

Jesper Nielsen, Christophe Helmke & Maja Balle: Written on Paper and Hides: Mesoamerican Manuscripts from Pre-Columbian to Colonial Times

A series of important Pre-Columbian civilizations thrived in the culture area known as Mesoamerica. Among these were the Olmec, Maya, Mixtec and Aztec, literate cultures of different language families. Mesoamerica is one of the very few hearths of literacy in the ancient world, since it is here that writing was invented in the New World, independently of the development of writing in the Old World, as seen in Egypt and Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley and China. Whereas the earliest ancestral writing system of Mesoamerica remains elusive it eventually gave rise to as many as ten different writing systems, of which only that of the Maya and the Aztec have succumbed to phonetic decipherment. This contribution provides a thorough overview of Meso­american literature, as represented in the manuscripts that subsist to the present day. As such we do not review the written records inscribed on stone monuments or portable objects and items of regalia, nor the texts painted on murals. Instead, focus is placed on the manuscripts that represent Pre-Columbian literary traditions, both in terms of format, as well as the coupling of images and texts, written in one or another Native American writing system. All of these manuscripts were produced by Native American scribes in the decades preceding and following the Spanish Conquest, although some manuscripts exhibit some degree of European influence and the beginnings of a hybrid Indo-Christian style. We present a background on books and scribes, as well as Mesoamerican writing systems as these are understood today. From there we review the three salient areas of manuscript production in Mesoamerica, namely, the Aztec tradition of central Mexico, the intervening tradition spanning from Puebla to Oaxaca, describing in detail the Mixtec mapa from the town of Xochitepec which is part of the Danish National Museum’s collection, and finally, the Maya tradition in the east. To close we take a look at the continued production and utilisation of Mesoamerican manuscripts, not only for the illicit art market, but also among traditional communities, where manuscripts are still integrated into ritual life and where traces of the Pre-Columbian scribal arts subsist to this day.
‘Den nye kvinde’ i det tidlige 1900-tals kulturdebat og litteratur
Authors: Busk-Jensen Lise
Published: March 2020

Lise Busk-Jensen: ‘The New Woman’ in the early 1900s cultural debate and literature

In the latter half of the nineteenth century, men expanded their political and social liberties of action to such an extent that they undermined the patriarchal marriage and the traditional gender system. It provoked a heated cultural debate about women’s changing social situation and new identity. After the turn of the century, the fight for the right to vote became the major goal of woman’s rights movements, but opinions were divided concerning the definition of a modern woman and how she could best be included in society. In particular, the article deals with two of the major debates from the first decade of the twentieth century; namely the discussion in 1905 about Gyrithe Lemche’s criticism of Agnes Henningsen’s novels for solely focussing on women’s erotic identity, and the discussion in 1907 about the theatre censorship that banned the staging of Hjalmar Bergstrøm’s play Karen Bornemann about women’s right to enjoy sexual relations outside of marriage. Female writers joined in the debate and contributed with their own literary depictions of ‘the new woman.’ Agnes Henningsen’s heroines would be erotically liberated and would play an active role in their love relationships. Thit Jensen’s heroines would uncover a personal identity and publicly fight for their opinions. Gyrithe Lemche would create space for women’s abilities and motherly experience in the community, while Karin Michaëlis was intent on providing the numerous silent women, young ignorant girls and oppressed housewives with their own voice in literature. The article shows the positions of the gender debates and analyses women types in the four authorships’ early period as a spectrum of the possibilities created by women’s life outside of the family.
Apokryfer. “Krigshumor” opsamlet af Vilhelm Bergstrøm 1939-45
Authors: Lauridsen John T.
Published: March 2020

John T. Lauridsen: Apocrypha. ‘Krigshumor’ (War humour) collected by Vilhelm Bergstrøm from 1939 to 1945

The article presents and publishes journalist Vilhelm Bergstrøm’s collection of humorous stories from the period 1939–45. The article begins with an argument for the importance of humour in the creation and shaping of public opinion. The structure and tendencies in the 215 stories are examined, and the question is asked if humour had a peak, to which it answers yes – humour peaked in 1941–42. Finally, the article provides an opinion as to which were the most important sources of inspiration for the humour, (daily events) and also accounts for who Bergstrøm’s informants were, first and foremost his network of journalists in Copenhagen.
Et dansk-norsk provinstrykkeri. Nye perspektiver på opprettelsen av det første boktrykkeri i Norge
Authors: Bjerke Ernst
Published: March 2020

Ernst Bjerke: A Danish-Norwegian provincial press. New perspectives on the establishment of the first printing press in Norway

It is often stated as a matter of fact that Norway, independent only since 1814, was one of the last European countries to have its own printing press. That a press was finally set up in Christiania in 1643 is usually ascribed to the private initiative of the prolific theologian Christen Bang. However, Norway was at the time a province of Denmark, whose centralized government did not allow the establishment of provincial presses until the early 17th century. The first press in Norway must be viewed as one of a number of permanent presses set up in the provinces at this time. Furthermore, the decision to allow a press in Christiania is clearly connected with the foundation, a few years earlier, of a gymnasium, an academy of sorts, in connection with the old cathedral school. There are several examples of presses connected with institutions of learning in Denmark, and Christiania, with its gymnasium, conforms to this model. While Bang may have invited the first printer to establish his press in Christiania, he could not have done so without the express permission of central government, and were it not for the gymnasium, the printer would not have found work. Christiania’s first printer became entangled in a lawsuit against his patron and left town after only one year. When it came to appointing a successor, the sources reveal that government, both locally in Christiania and centrally in Copenhagen, took firm charge, in order to provide the press with tenable conditions. The printer was provided with a fixed wage, and there is even reason to believe that the Christiania press was exempted from centralized censorship in Copenhagen. The Christiania press ought not to be considered as one of the last national presses to be established in Europe (its influence, anyway, never reached far past Christiania’s walls), and not as the accomplishment of one private individual. It was in fact one of the earliest provincial presses in the Danish state, established as part of a general expansion of institutions of learning undertaken by the state at that time.
Anders Sørensen Vedels Marsk Stig-håndskrift. To kommentarer til Svend Clausens afhandling i Fund og Forskning 55, 2016
Authors: Boserup Ivan , Christensen Karsten
Published: March 2020

Ivan Boserup & Karsten Christensen: Anders Sørensen Vedel’s manuscript about Marshal Stig. Two comments on Svend Clausen’s thesis in Fund og Forskning 55, 2016

Svend Clausen has in vol. 55 of Fund og Forskning called attention to a lost and “forgotten” parchment manuscript described by Anders Sørensen Vedel in 1595 as “The History of Marshal Stig” containing key documents related to the trial which followed the assassination in Finderup Grange of King Eric V ‘Glipping’ of Denmark (1259–1286). Clausen’s evidence consists of registrations of manuscripts known only through their titles, which had been available to the Danish historians Anders Sørensen Vedel (1542–1616), Niels Krag (1550–1602), and Jon Jakobsen ‘Venusinus’ (1563–1608), but appear ultimately to have burned in the fire of Copenhagen in 1728. The sources referred to by Clausen were published in one case by H. F. Rørdam in 1874, in all other cases in the appendix to S. Birket Smith’s History of the University Library of Copenhagen, 1882, reprinted 1982. Apparently inspired by a casual remark made in 1891 by the then very young historian Mouritz Mackeprang, Svend Clausen argues that despite the lack of extant copies and quotations etc., the manuscript’s supposedly exclusively judicial contents and allegedly very considerable volume reveal the “existence” of such an important source that future research on the background and consequences of the royal assassination must take much more account of this lost source than has been the case until now. Reviewing Svend Clausen’s arguments, Ivan Boserup corrects Rørdam’s and Clausen’s incomplete reading of the source on which the latter builds his identification of Vedel’s manuscript with descriptions of a lost manuscript “Concerning King Eric [Glipping],” and rejects Clausen’s interpretation of “… cum adversariis ac diversis” (Clausen seems unaware of the literary concept of adversaria), on which all his further arguments are based. From his professional standpoint as a historian, Karsten Christensen refers to Vedel’s strong focus on Marshal Stig in his collection of One Hundred Danish Folk Songs (publ. 1591), to Vedel’s idiosyncratic manner of describing his manuscripts from the point of view of his own main interests, and to the fact that in contrast to the Jens Grand trial held before the Pope in Rome in 1296, one should not expect written actiones to have been delivered at the meeting of the Danish grandees in Nyborg Castle in 1286 subsequent to the murder of Eric Glipping. Christensen therefore suggests that it is much more probable that the manuscript referred to in Vedel’s registration refers to a lost manuscript that, contrary to the one associated by Svend Clausen with Vedel’s lost manuscript, can be followed closely all the way up to 1728, and the contents of which have been detailed by the historian Stephanus Stephanius (1599–1650).
Musikselskabet af 14. Marts 1896. En rekonstruktion og en karakteristik af dets repertoire.
Authors: Røllum-Larsen Claus
Published: March 2020

Claus Røllum-Larsen: Musikselskabet af 14. Marts 1896. En rekonstruktion og en karakteristik af dets repertoire

Med dannelsen af Musikselskabet af 14. Marts 1896 skabte William Behrend, Louis Glass og Gustav Helsted et forum for den ny udenlandske musik. Med sin private karakter og sin kompromisløshed i programlægningen i retning af det “moderne” – som stifterne tilstræbte og så det – gik de videre ad de veje, andre musikforeninger havde betrådt med det formål at bidrage til en udvidelse af koncertrepertoiret. Det var derimod ikke selskabets formål at give de unge komponister mulighed for at få deres egne værker bragt frem. Gennem dels indledninger/foredrag, dels arrangementer for to klaverer og firhændigt klaver gav de optrædende tilhørerne et formodentlig levende indtryk af en række musikværker, hvoraf mange først længe efter fik deres første fremførelser for orkester på dansk grund. Indsatsen for Bruckners musik er særdeles tankevækkende. Den tager sin begyndelse før den første danske opførelse af en Bruckner-symfoni finder sted og er for flere af symfonierne en til to generationer forud for værkernes første danske opførelser. Foruden kompositioner af Wagner og Bruckner, som var de dominerende komponister, opførtes en række værker af ikke mindst franske (Chausson, Debussy, Duparc, Franck) og russiske (Borodin, Čajkovskij, Glasunov, Kjui, Rachmaninov, Rimskij-Korsakov, Skrjabin) – komponister hvoraf flere i øvrigt repræsenterede markante stilistiske alternativer til Wagner og Bruckners centraleuropæiske stil.

Men også andre væsentlige værker af komponister uden for det gængse repertoire i Københavns koncertsale programsatte man: Liszts Eine Symphonie zu Dantes Divina Commedia, Mahlers 2. symfoni, Smetanas Trio for klaver, violin og cello op. 9, samt værker – overvejende sange – af Stenhammar, Strauss og Wolf.

De medlemmer, som mødte flittigt op til sammenkomsterne, har stiftet bekendtskab med et bredt og udsøgt udvalg af nyere, og ofte helt nye værker med udpræget stilistiske fornyelsestendenser. En sådan musikformidling må betegnes som bemærkelsesværdig om ikke ligefrem enestående – i hvert fald i Danmark.
Tekst, teknologi og trope. Det tibetanske bedehjul
Authors: Brox Trine
Published: March 2020

Trine Brox: Text, technology, trope

Tibetan Buddhist practices include the engagement with Buddhist script in the form of tightly packed scrolls of paper that are placed in drums and spun in order to accumulate merit. On the scrolls are written or printed mantras (sacred or magic sounds in the form of a series of syllables) or dhāraṇīs (formula condensing lengthy texts or teachings). The receptacles containing such scrolls are the iconic prayer wheels, whose materiality enables and restricts particular modes of textual engagement. What kind of texts are these scrolls? How does one read texts that come in the form of tightly packed scrolls? They cannot be read by immersing oneself in the content of the text because its materiality restricts access to it. Instead it fits perfectly with the prayer wheel technology that allows circumambulatory recitation, the article argues.

The prayer wheel is not only an important object in recitation practices for Tibetan Buddhists, but has also become a key marker of Tibetan identity. Yet its history, culture and practice have received very little scholarly attention. This article attempts to eradicate this blind spot. It endeavors to show how the prayer wheel has earned itself its iconic status by explaining how the prayer wheel is a receptacle of sacred script and a device for reciting sacred script. The article zooms in on (i) the cult of the book in the Tibetan culture sphere, (ii) the technology of prayer wheels; and (iii) the recurring tropes of the wheel, circumambulation, and rotation in Buddhism, as well as the merit connected with them. In view of this particular constellation of book cult, technology, and dominant trope, it makes sense that, first of all, Tibetan Buddhists have adopted and further developed a technology that optimizes interaction with sacred script; secondly, that rotation is considered an adequate way to interact with Buddha’s doctrine; and third, that this device has become an icon for the Tibetan civilization. It is especially the sacred text within the wheel, the article argues, that endows the prayer wheel with high status in a hierarchy of Buddhist material objects. Finally, this raises questions about modernized prayer wheels – when technological progress has enabled further development of devices that can contain and spin Buddhist script such as optic discs, prayer wheel apps, and automated praying machines. How does their materiality impact textual engagement?

The article is based upon data produced through (i) ethnographic inquiry, such as interacting with the stakeholders who deal with Buddhist material culture for different reasons, e.g. producers, marketers, ritual specialists, practitioners, and consumers, and (ii) textual sources that includes Tibetan and English-language scholarship, catalogues, user’s guides, and marketing material. This multi-modal method has produced knowledge about the prayer wheel as practice, i.e. what we can call popular religion, and as theory, i.e. according to how the prayer wheel is idealized in the writings of Buddhist masters.
Building customizable auto-luminescent luciferase-based reporters in plants
Authors: Khakhar Arjun , Starker Colby G , Chamness James C , Lee Nayoung , Stokke Sydney , Wang Cecily , Swanson Ryan , Rizvi Furva , Imaizumi Takato , Voytas Daniel F
Published: March 2020

Bioluminescence is a powerful biological signal that scientists have repurposed as a reporter for gene expression in plants and animals. However, there are downsides associated with the need to provide a substrate to these reporters, including its high cost and non-uniform tissue penetration. In this work we reconstitute a fungal bioluminescence pathway (FBP) in planta using a composable toolbox of parts. We demonstrate that the FBP can create luminescence across various tissues in a broad range of plants without external substrate addition. We also show how our toolbox can be used to deploy the FBP in planta to build auto-luminescent reporters for the study of gene-expression and hormone fluxes. A low-cost imaging platform for gene expression profiling is also described. These experiments lay the groundwork for future construction of programmable auto-luminescent plant traits, such as light driven plant-pollinator interactions or light emitting plant-based sensors.
Exerting an influence on evolution
Authors: Roseman Charles C
Published: March 2020

Experiments on mice have shown that developmental processes are influencing the generation of phenotypic variation in a way that shapes evolution.
Genetic diversity and population structure ofMeretrix petechialisin China revealed by sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers
Authors: Xu Qiaoyue , Zheng Junhong , Nie Hongtao , Wang Qingzhi , Yan Xiwu
Published: March 2020

Genetic variation in nine stocks ofMeretrix petechialiscollected from China was analyzed using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. Eight primer pairs produced 132 polymorphic loci with an average of 16.5 loci per primer pair. A population from Jiangsu had the highest percentage of polymorphic loci at 27.27%, suggesting that these resources had a rich genetic diversity. The Nei’s gene diversity of the nine populations ranged from 0.0647 to 0.0793; a population from Shandong was the lowest and a population from North Korea the highest. The Shannon’s information index was between 0.1023 and 0.1202, with the lowest in the Shandong population and the highest in the Jiangsu population. The Nei’s unbiased genetic distance between the nine populations was 0.0243–0.0570 and the genetic similarity was 0.9446–0.9760; the genetic distance between Guangxi and Shandong populations was the furthest (0.0570) and the genetic distance between Shandong and Jiangsu populations was the closest (0.0243). Nei’s gene diversity analysis indicated that the genetic variance was mainly found within individual geographical populations, and the analysis of molecular variance revealed low but significant genetic differentiation among local and regional populations. The limited gene flow (Nm = 0.555) was inferred as a major reason for the extent of genetic differentiation inM. petechialis. The results obtained here indicated thatM. petechialishave high degree of genetic diversity and the potential of further breeding with excellent germplasm resources. This study provides a scientific basis for the protection of germplasm resources and the breeding ofM. petechialis.
Associations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with psychological problems and suicidality in Chinese high school students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Mingli , Zhang Jie , Kamper-DeMarco Kimberly E. , Hu Elwin , Yao Shuqiao
Published: March 2020

Background

The body of literature regarding the associations between physical activity and psychological problems lacks consensus. Moreover, the role of gender has been scarcely investigated. The present study sought to fill the gap in the data by examining the associations, if any, between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), psychological problems, and self-harm behaviors based on different biological genders (male–female).

Methods

A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure MVPA and multiple psychological problems, including depression and anxiety; general emotion, behavior, and social problems; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD); conduct problems; and self-harm behaviors. Participants were a nationally representative sample of Chinese high school students (N = 13, 349). A multiple logistic regression analysis of MVPA, stratified by gender, was conducted on the risk of psychological problems and self-harm behaviors in the total sample.

Results

For boys, a high frequency of MVPA was associated with a lower risk of depression (OR = 0.68, 95% CI [0.57–0.81]) and anxiety (OR = 0.71, 95% CI [0.53–0.96]) compared to the reference group. The moderate frequency of MVPA was associated with a lower risk of ADHD (OR = 0.73, 95% CI [0.56–0.94]) compared to the reference group. For girls, both MVPA groups were associated with a lower risk of depression (moderate MVPA: OR = 0.81, 95% CI [0.70–0.94]; high MVPA: OR = 0.67, 95% CI [0.54–0.83]) compared to the reference group. High MVPA was associated with a lower risk of ADHD (OR = 0.58, 95% CI [0.37–0.89]) compared to the reference group. Only moderate frequency of MVPA was associated with a lower risk of ODD (OR = 0.79, 95% CI [0.64–0.97]).

Conclusion

MVPA was associated with a lower risk of depression, anxiety, ADHD, and ODD in a gender-specific and MVPA frequency-specific manner. This implies that for specific psychological issues, PA interventions that are modified based on gender and frequency of MVPA may be more effective than PA interventions without these considerations.