bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Using Modern Songs to Help Senior High School Students Enrich Vocabulary At Ma Al-Falah Pancordao In Academic Year 2023/2024
Authors: Toyyibah Herliana Solihatun , Herman  , Sarwadi
Published: August 2024

Skripsi ini membahas mengenai efek dari lagu modern untuk membantu siswa SMA dalam meningkatkan dan memperkaya kosa kata bahasa inggris. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian one group pre-test dan post-test. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 23 orang yang berasal dari satu kelas. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes yakni pre-test dan post-test. Sedangkan untuk analisis, peneliti menggunaan SPSS versi 29 untuk mengetahui hasil dari pre-test dan post-test tersebut. Instrument dari penelitian ini menggunakan lagu modern sebagai media untuk membantu siswa dalam memperkaya kosakata bahasa inggris. Lagu yang digunakan adalah “You Are Not Alone” oleh Michael Jackson dan “Lily” oleh Alan Walker. Tujuan dari dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keefektifan dari lagu modern sebagai media untuk memperkaya kosakata bahasa inggris siswa SMA. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan lagu modern dinyatakan efektif sebagai media untuk meningkatkan kosakata bahasa inggris. Selain itu, penggunaan lagu modern sebagai media sangat cocok digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran, yang dibuktikan dengan antusiasme dan suasana kelas yang lebih menyenangkan.
Une éthique perlocutoire du discours
Authors: Gauthier Gilles
Published: August 2024

Il est ici soutenu qu’une éthique du discours, appuyée sur la théorie des actes de discours et la théorie de la rationalité dans l’action de John Searle, affranchit le locuteur de toute incrimination morale, dégage le discours lui-même d’une incidence morale intrinsèque et impute à l’allocutaire une part nécessaire dans la production discursive de considérations morales. Le double argument à l’appui cette thèse est que la déontologie de l’accomplissement discursif (les engagement et obligations qu’il génère) est structurelle et amorale et que la moralité relève de la dimension perlocutoire de l’activité discursive.
Tourismes
domestique et international, une impossible opposition.
Authors: Vincent Johan , Evanno Yves-Marie
Published: August 2024

Avec la fermeture quasi générale des frontières en 2020, de
nombreux États européens ont incité leurs ressortissants à recourir au tourisme
domestique, c’est-à-dire à l’intérieur de leurs frontières, afin d’éviter
l’effondrement d’un pan entier de leur économie. Est-ce le signe d’une évolution
pérenne du modèle touristique vers une pratique de proximité, comme le suggèrent
certains auteurs qui estiment que la crise liée à la COVID-19 pourrait enfin
mettre un terme au (sur-)tourisme international, décrié depuis quelques années ?
Cette analyse fait débat. En interrogeant les crises du XXe siècle et du début du XXIe siècle, cet article
propose de comprendre comment ont été associées les dynamiques du tourisme
international et du tourisme domestique en Europe, avec un focus particulier sur
le cas français. C’est en effet un processus cumulatif (et non opposé) qui se
met progressivement en place au cours du XXe siècle en
Europe. Si le tourisme international est systématiquement perçu comme un outil
permettant de capter des devises nécessaires à la relance post-crise depuis la
Première Guerre mondiale, en servant progressivement de modèle (par exemple,
montée en qualité durant la crise de 1929), le tourisme domestique, grâce à sa
permanence, a souvent été utilisé par les acteurs de terrain afin de poser les
bases du tourisme international, par exemple avec les plans d’investissement de
la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. En cela, l’étude du
temps long offre un éclairage nécessaire afin de mieux percevoir les enjeux de
la gestion touristique de la crise née de l’épidémie de COVID-19.
La randonnée pédestre en autonomie dans
le Pays d’Accueil Touristique de Tafraout
Authors: Mounet Jean-Pierre , Mounet-Saulenc Hélène
Published: August 2024

Cet article décrit une recherche-action participative visant à
doter une zone touristique du Souss d’un avantage concurrentiel très peu
développé au Maroc, un plan de randonnée en autonomie mené sous une forme
concertée. Il interroge selon deux dimensions les ressorts de son évolution, les
conditions de cette recherche-action participative et notamment celles du
partenariat qu’elle suppose entre praticiens et chercheur, et le mode de
développement du tourisme rural dans un arrière-pays marocain. Il tente enfin
d’interpréter les raisons, conjoncturelles comme structurelles, de l’arrêt de ce
projet ambitieux que certains acteurs locaux tentent toujours de finaliser.
La recherche-action participative
appliquée au tourisme alternatif : analyse et réflexions à partir d’une étude de
cas dans le Yucatán (Mexique)1
Authors: Jouault Samuel , Kieffer Maxime , Montañez Giustianionovic Alejandro
Published: August 2024

La recherche-action participative (RAP) est une
approche qui permet de combiner les réflexions et les efforts de différents
acteurs, universitaires, acteurs locaux et experts externes, afin de chercher
des solutions à des problèmes concrets tout en produisant des réflexions
applicables dans un contexte plus large. Cet article émet l’hypothèse que la RAP
est une méthode de recherche pertinente en milieu rural mexicain et applicable
au tourisme alternatif en raison du potentiel de transformation sociale des
processus participatifs. L’étude de cas réalisée à Yokdzonot (Yucatán,
Mexique) avec la coopérative Zaaz Koolen Haa illustre
ce point de vue tout en mettant en relief les défis d’une telle approche. Un
travail de cinq ans, mobilisant une centaine d’acteurs, a été mené dans cette
communauté et a permis d’expérimenter différents outils de la RAP, d’aboutir à
des résultats à court et moyen terme comportant des diagnostics, des prises de
décision et des changements organisationnels, ainsi que de produire des
projections pour la gestion de l’initiative de tourisme alternatif. Ce projet de
RAP a permis entre autres de valoriser les vertus des communautés
d’apprentissage en contextes interculturels. Les difficultés rencontrées sont
attribuées en partie au contexte particulier de la communauté dans sa relation
au tourisme, mais elles permettent aussi d’évoquer des défis récurrents dans le
cadre de la RAP.
Perspective décoloniale pour penser le
tourisme à Abya Yala (Amérique) : une approche de la
notion bribri de « buen vivir »1
Authors: Arias-Hidalgo David
Published: August 2024

La perspective décoloniale et la décolonisation s’inscrivent
désormais fortement dans le débat scientifique, en particulier la contribution
fondamentale d’Aníbal Quijano sur la colonialité du pouvoir et de la race comme
éléments constitutifs du modèle de pouvoir capitaliste mondial. Dans cet
article, l’étude part d’une large revue bibliographique sur la perspective
décoloniale, ses principales caractéristiques, ses bases théoriques et ses
différences avec les postures postcoloniales. Nous approfondissons la recherche
de la production scientifique (hispanophone, francophone et anglophone) sur le
tourisme et les liens avec la perspective décoloniale. Nous proposons également
quelques éléments de réflexion sur la colonialité du tourisme et le bien-vivre
(buen vivir) dans une perspective décoloniale pour
penser le tourisme dans le contexte des communautés indigènes, en nous appuyant
sur notre expérience de travail avec les communautés indigènes d’Amérique
latine. Comme conclusion principale, la perspective décoloniale peut être un
cadre d’idées, de théories et de concepts très utiles en temps de crise pour
générer une pensée critique autour du tourisme autochtone.
Des brise-glaces en papier ? Trente ans de recherches sur le tourisme en Suisse
(1990-2020)
Authors: Tissot Laurent
Published: August 2024

Si la Suisse est reconnue historiquement comme un pays ayant
expérimenté précocement des activités touristiques et peut compter encore
aujourd’hui sur leurs retombées tant économiques que symboliques, ses
chercheur·euses lui ont-ils et elles consacré beaucoup d’attention sur le plan
scientifique ? Ont-elles et ils alimenté des réflexions approfondies sur ce que
le tourisme a pu apporter aux modifications de l’environnement physique et
naturel du pays, aux configurations politiques et sociales de sa population,
ainsi que sur les retombées climatiques et économiques globales qui
l’affectent ? Cet article vise à préciser les liens qui ont pu unir le secteur
touristique aux activités scientifiques – sur les plans méthodologiques,
épistémologiques, historiques et des problématiques – qui l’ont abordé pour en
comprendre l’évolution et les impacts. Il se servira de trois bases de données
qui permettent de répertorier les recherches qui ont été soutenues dans ce
domaine. La première émane du Fonds national suisse de la recherche scientifique
(FNRS) qui a rendu disponibles les projets acceptés depuis 1973, toutes
disciplines confondues. La deuxième reprend la recension entreprise par la
Bibliothèque nationale suisse de toutes les publications (ouvrages et articles)
en histoire suisse parues en Suisse et à l’étranger. La troisième a été mise en
service par la Société suisse d’histoire qui rend accessibles les
thèses/mémoires/licences soutenus dans la discipline de l’histoire dans les
établissements universitaires suisses.
Telomerase RNA component knockout exacerbates Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia by extensive inflammation and dysfunction of T cells
Authors: Reisser Yasmina , Hornung Franziska , Häder Antje , Lauf Thurid , Nietzsche Sandor , Löffler Bettina , Deinhardt-Emmer Stefanie
Published: August 2024

The telomerase RNA component (Terc) constitutes a non-coding RNA critical for telomerase function, commonly associated with aging and pivotal in immunomodulation during inflammation. Our study unveils heightened susceptibility to pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in Terc knockout (Tercko/ko) mice compared to both young and old infected counterparts. The exacerbated infection in Tercko/ko mice correlates with heightened inflammation, manifested by elevated interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels and activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome within the lung. Employing mRNA sequencing methods alongside in vitro analysis of alveolar macrophages (AMs) and T cells, our study elucidates a compelling correlation between Tercko/ko, inflammation, and impaired T cell functionality. Terc deletion results in compromised T cell function, characterized by dysregulation of the T cell receptor and absence of CD247, potentially compromising the host’s capacity to mount an effective immune response against S. aureus. This investigation provides insights into the intricate mechanisms governing increased vulnerability to severe pneumonia in the context of Terc deficiency, which might also contribute to aging-related pathologies, while also highlighting the influence of Terc on T cell function.
Introducing µGUIDE for quantitative imaging via generalized uncertainty-driven inference using deep learning
Authors: Jallais Maëliss , Palombo Marco
Published: August 2024

This work proposes µGUIDE: a general Bayesian framework to estimate posterior distributions of tissue microstructure parameters from any given biophysical model or signal representation, with exemplar demonstration in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Harnessing a new deep learning architecture for automatic signal feature selection combined with simulation-based inference and efficient sampling of the posterior distributions, µGUIDE bypasses the high computational and time cost of conventional Bayesian approaches and does not rely on acquisition constraints to define model-specific summary statistics. The obtained posterior distributions allow to highlight degeneracies present in the model definition and quantify the uncertainty and ambiguity of the estimated parameters.
Task-specific invariant representation in auditory cortex
Authors: Heller Charles R , Hamersky Gregory R , David Stephen V
Published: August 2024

Categorical sensory representations are critical for many behaviors, including speech perception. In the auditory system, categorical information is thought to arise hierarchically, becoming increasingly prominent in higher-order cortical regions. The neural mechanisms that support this robust and flexible computation remain poorly understood. Here, we studied sound representations in the ferret primary and non-primary auditory cortex while animals engaged in a challenging sound discrimination task. Population-level decoding of simultaneously recorded single neurons revealed that task engagement caused categorical sound representations to emerge in non-primary auditory cortex. In primary auditory cortex, task engagement caused a general enhancement of sound decoding that was not specific to task-relevant categories. These findings are consistent with mixed selectivity models of neural disentanglement, in which early sensory regions build an overcomplete representation of the world and allow neurons in downstream brain regions to flexibly and selectively read out behaviorally relevant, categorical information.
A ‘double-edged’ role for type-5 metabotropic glutamate receptors in pain disclosed by light-sensitive drugs
Authors: Notartomaso Serena , Antenucci Nico , Mazzitelli Mariacristina , Rovira Xavier , Boccella Serena , Ricciardi Flavia , Liberatore Francesca , Gomez-Santacana Xavier , Imbriglio Tiziana , Cannella Milena , Zussy Charleine , Luongo Livio , Maione Sabatino , Goudet Cyril , Battaglia Giuseppe , Llebaria Amadeu , Nicoletti Ferdinando , Neugebauer Volker
Published: August 2024

We used light-sensitive drugs to identify the brain region-specific role of mGlu5 metabotropic glutamate receptors in the control of pain. Optical activation of systemic JF-NP-26, a caged, normally inactive, negative allosteric modulator (NAM) of mGlu5 receptors, in cingulate, prelimbic, and infralimbic cortices and thalamus inhibited neuropathic pain hypersensitivity. Systemic treatment of alloswitch-1, an intrinsically active mGlu5 receptor NAM, caused analgesia, and the effect was reversed by light-induced drug inactivation in the prelimbic and infralimbic cortices, and thalamus. This demonstrates that mGlu5 receptor blockade in the medial prefrontal cortex and thalamus is both sufficient and necessary for the analgesic activity of mGlu5 receptor antagonists. Surprisingly, when the light was delivered in the basolateral amygdala, local activation of systemic JF-NP-26 reduced pain thresholds, whereas inactivation of alloswitch-1 enhanced analgesia. Electrophysiological analysis showed that alloswitch-1 increased excitatory synaptic responses in prelimbic pyramidal neurons evoked by stimulation of presumed BLA input, and decreased BLA-driven feedforward inhibition of amygdala output neurons. Both effects were reversed by optical silencing and reinstated by optical reactivation of alloswitch-1. These findings demonstrate for the first time that the action of mGlu5 receptors in the pain neuraxis is not homogenous, and suggest that blockade of mGlu5 receptors in the BLA may limit the overall analgesic activity of mGlu5 receptor antagonists. This could explain the suboptimal effect of mGlu5 NAMs on pain in human studies and validate photopharmacology as an important tool to determine ideal target sites for systemic drugs.
Zebrafish live imaging reveals only around 2% rather than 50% of motor neurons die through apoptosis during early development
Authors: Jia Hao , Yang Hongmei , Luo Kathy Qian
Published: August 2024

It is widely accepted that neurons will die through apoptosis if they cannot receive enough growth factors during development of vertebrates; however, there is still no real-time observation showing this dying process in live animals. Here, we generated sensor zebrafish achieving live imaging of motor neuron apoptosis at single-cell resolution. Using these sensor zebrafish, we observed for the first time that in an apoptotic motor neuron, caspase-3 activation occurred quickly within 5-6 min and at the same time between the cell body and axon. Interestingly, we found that only around 2% of motor neurons died during zebrafish early development, which is much lower than the generally believed 50% cell death occurred in embryonic stage of vertebrates. Our data also showed that most of the apoptotic bodies of these dead motor neurons were not cleared by macrophages. These sensor zebrafish can serve as powerful tools to study motor neuron apoptosis
in vivo
.
Effects of the healing movie programs on post-traumatic stress syndrome, resilience, and cognitive emotional control strategies of Korean cancer survivors: a non-equivalent control group pretest–posttest design
Authors: Kong Jeong Hyeon , Lee Seonah , Jeon Mi Yang
Published: August 2024

Purpose: This study examined the effects of the healing movie programs for cancer survivors on post-traumatic stress syndrome, resilience, and cognitive emotional control strategies, a quasi-experimental design.Methods: Participants included 39 cancer survivors registered in four healthcare centers in Gyeongsangnam-do. The intervention and control group included 19 and 20 participants, respectively. The healing program using movies developed in this study was provided to the intervention group in 10 sessions, occurring twice each week for 5 weeks and lasting 80 minutes per session. The data were collected using structured questionnaires and they were analyzed to examine differences in the test scores before and after the intervention.Results: In the intervention group, the post-traumatic stress syndrome (F = 14.97, p ＜ .001) decreased significantly and the resilience (F = 19.55, p ＜ .001) and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation (F = 5.11, p = .029) increased significantly. The difference between the intervention and control group was statistically significant in post-traumatic stress syndrome, resilience, and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation. Thus, the healing program of this study significantly reduced post-traumatic stress, and it improved both resilience and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation of cancer cancer survivors.Conclusion: The healing program is an effective psychosocial nursing intervention that helps cancer survivors feel better about their illness, and it helps them healthy transition from negative emotions to increased resilience and positive cognitive emotions.
Associations of intermediate hyperglycemia with elevated abdominal obesity, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and leptin in Korean adults
Authors: Lee Heashoon
Published: August 2024

Purpose: This study investigated the associations between intermediate hyperglycemia (IH) and increased body mass index (BMI), abdominal obesity (AO), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and leptin levels in Korean adults.Methods: The participants were 248 adults (≥ 19 years) who understood the purpose of the study, had no cognitive impairment, and were able to communicate. Physical examinations, BMI, AO measurements, and blood tests were performed. Data were analyzed using the t-test, chi-square test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple logistic regression analyses. The risk factors for IH were predicted after adjusting for BMI, waist circumference (WC), age, hs-CRP and leptin levels, education, and economic status.Results: WC, hs-CRP and leptin levels, and age were higher in the IH group than in the non-IH group. According to the multiple logistic regression analysis, the factors affecting IH prevalence were WC, hs-CRP, leptin, and age. AO (male, WC ≥ 90 cm; female, WC ≥ 85 cm) exhibited an adjusted odds ratio of 5.45 for IH. IH was 2.43 times higher in those with hs-CRP > 3 mg than in those with hs-CRP < 1 mg. As leptin levels increased, the odds ratio for IH increased by 3.05 times. IH was 8.07, 8.79, 18.42, and 35.33 times more common for those in their 30s, 40s, 50s, and ≥ 60 years of age, respectively, than those 19–29 years old.Conclusion: This study provides evidence that interventions for AO should be included in IH management programs. Identifying the predictive factors for IH may contribute to the early detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Determinants of health-promoting behavior among eHealth consumers in South Korea: a longitudinal path analysis
Authors: Choi Hanna , Jin Meiling
Published: August 2024

Purpose: The study aimed to determine the key factors influencing health-promoting behavior and the behavioral intentions of eHealth consumers based on the health promotion model and technology acceptance model. Methods: This research involved a longitudinal path analysis. The study was conducted with 360 eHealth consumers aged over 18 years, employed in the top five categories of the Korean standard classification of occupations, and living in the five largest cities in South Korea. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 25.0.Results: Health-promoting behaviors were directly supported by prior health-related behavior and behavioral intention, and indirectly supported by perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived benefit, self-efficacy, and behavioral intention. These variables accounted for 36.3% of the variance in health-promoting behavior. Conclusion: The findings serve as a framework that can help health professionals and health information providers understand how to encourage consumers using eHealth to engage in health-promoting behaviors.
The effects of mask applied aromatherapy on allergic rhinitis symptoms, fatigue, and quality of life related to allergic rhinitis in the COVID-19 era: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Her Jihoo , Hur Myung-Haeng
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Even after allergic rhinitis is diagnosed and treated, various symptoms such as runny nose, sneezing, and itchy nose recur periodically due to various environmental factors.Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted to confirm the effectiveness of mask-based aromatherapy as a method of alleviating allergic rhinitis during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The study participants were adults between the ages of 19 and 60 who were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis and had a Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) of 2 or more. Participants were randomly assigned to an aromatherapy group that was provided aromatherapy essential oils and a control group that did not receive aromatherapy. Participants in the aromatherapy group were asked to drop an aromatherapy essential oil onto a disposable face mask and wear it twice a day for two weeks.Results: The aromatherapy group experience significant alleviation of allergic rhinitis symptoms (visual analogue scale, F = 11.22, p < .001; TNSS, F = 15.82, p < .001). The aromatherapy group also showed significantly higher improvements in fatigue (F = 8.28, p < .001), allergic rhinitis-specific quality of life (F = 11.12, p < .001).Conclusion: The oils used in this study appeared to be effective in relieving the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. In particular, the mask drop inhalation method was applied in light of mandatory mask-wearing due to the global COVID-19 pandemic during this study period. Mask drop inhalation is a method of inhaling oil close to the nose and is considered an effective method for reducing the inconvenience of applying oil.
Holobiont dysbiosis or acclimatation? Shift in the microbial taxonomic diversity and functional composition of a cosmopolitan sponge subjected to chronic pollution in a Patagonian bay
Authors: Gastaldi Marianela , Pankey M. Sabrina , Svendsen Guillermo , Medina Alonso , Firstater Fausto , Narvarte Maite , Lozada Mariana , Lesser Michael
Published: August 2024

Dysbiosis and acclimatization are two starkly opposing outcomes of altered holobiont associations in response to environmental pollution. This study assesses whether shifts in microbial taxonomic composition and functional profiles of the cosmopolitan sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis indicate dysbiotic or acclimatized responses to water pollution. To do so, sponge and water samples were collected in a semi-enclosed environment (San Antonio Bay, Patagonia, Argentina) from variably polluted sites (i.e., eutrophication, heavy metal contamination). We found significant differences in the microbiome of H. perlevis with respect to the pollution history of the sites. Several indicators suggested that acclimatization, rather than dysbiosis, explained the microbiome response to higher pollution: 1) the distinction of the sponge microbiome from the water microbiome; 2) low similarity between the sponge and water microbiomes at the most polluted site; 3) the change in microbiome composition between sponges from the different sites; 4) a high similarity in the microbiome among sponge individuals within sites; 5) a similar ratio of common sponge microbes to opportunistic microbes between sponges at the most and least polluted sites; and 6) a distinctive functional profile of the sponge microbiome at the most polluted site. This profile indicated a more expansive metabolic repertoire, including the degradation of pollutants and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, suggesting a relevant role of these microbial communities in the adaptation of the holobiont to organic pollution. Our results shed light on the rearrangement of the H. perlevis microbiome that could allow it to successfully colonize sites with high anthropogenic impact while resisting dysbiosis.
Validation of PozQoL scale in Turkish population living with HIV: a cross-cultural adaptation study
Authors: Atalay Sabri , Varol Zeynep Sedef , Singil Sarp , Sönmez Ufuk
Published: August 2024

Background

The increasing number of people living with HIV requires a simple and easy-to-use quality of life (QoL) scale for people living with HIV (PLWH). This study aims to adapt the PozQoL scale into Turkish and assess its reliability and validity for the PLWH population in Turkey.

Methods

Translation-back-translation methodology was employed, and face-to-face interviews were conducted with 130 patients using the PozQoL, socio-demographic, and clinical data questionnaire. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were utilized to identify the underlying factor structure and examine the validity of the measurement model, respectively. Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess internal consistency and test-retest reliability, respectively.

Results

EFA revealed four factors with an eigenvalue of 0.88, explaining 62.1% of the cumulative variance. CFA indicated that the four-factor solution achieved good levels of fit. The total Cronbach’s alpha was 0.81, indicating high internal consistency. The ICC for the total score was 0.92 (95% confidence interval (CI) [0.90–0.94]; p < 0.05), demonstrating high test-retest reliability.

Conclusion

The Turkish version of the PozQoL was found to be a valid and reliable tool for assessing the health-related QoL of PLWH in Turkey.
Use of an age-simulation suit as an empathy-building method for dental students: a pre-post study
Authors: Rodriguez-Molinero Jesus , Delgado-Somolinos Esther , Miguelañez-Medrán Blanca C. , Ramirez-Puerta Rosario , Corral-Liria Inmaculada , Jiménez-Fernández Raquel , Losa-Iglesias Marta Elena , López-Sánchez Antonio F.
Published: August 2024

Background

The aging of the population highlights the need to establish empathetic connections with older adults. To achieve this, age simulation suits have been designed, allowing users to experience the physical limitations associated with aging. This study aimed to evaluate the experience of dental students with these devices, using psychometric tools to measure the impact on their understanding and empathy.

Methods

A pre/post-test study was conducted with the participation of 63 dental students from Rey Juan Carlos University who were fitted with an age simulation suit and asked to perform different tasks. Psychometric tools were used to assess specific parameters. Empathy was measured using the Jefferson Empathy Scale, emotional intelligence was assessed with the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24), and the emotional attention dimension was analyzed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS).

Results

The scores on the Jefferson Empathy Scale significantly improved from 88.44 ± 6.8 to 91.06 ± 10.11 after using the simulation suit (P < 0.026). Pearson’s product moment correlation analysis showed no significant positive association or correlation between age and scores from the three questionnaires. In the rest, a positive and significant correlation was observed (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Age simulation activities effectively enhance empathy among dental students. However, more studies are needed to foster positive attitudes toward aging and prevent negative stereotypes.
Polyandry contributes to Gonipterus platensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) rearing
Authors: Ribeiro Murilo Fonseca , Cavallini Gabriela , Solce Gabriel Negri , Favoreto Ana Laura , Passos José Raimundo De Souza , Hurley Brett , Wilcken Carlos Frederico
Published: August 2024

Background

Gonipterus platensis Marelli, 1926 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the main defoliating beetles in Eucalyptus plantations. Biological control with egg parasitoids is one of the main control strategies for this pest and a constant supply of fresh host eggs is required to rear the parasitoids. Polyandry can influence Gonipterus oviposition by increasing female fecundity and fertility; however, the high density of individuals in laboratory colonies can lead to male harassment, resulting in lower reproduction rate. The aim of this study was to measure the effects of monoandry and polyandry on the reproduction of G. platensis and the effects of male harassment on laboratory rearing conditions.

Methods

Reproductive parameters were compared between three treatments: monoandry, where the female was allowed to mate daily with the same male; no choice polyandry, where the female was allowed to mate daily with a different male; and polyandry with choice, where the female was allowed to mate daily, but with a choice between five different males. Another experiment varying the density of males was conducted to evaluate the effect of male harassment.

Results

Polyandry with choice resulted in the longest period of oviposition, highest fecundity and highest number of eggs per egg capsules when compared to monoandrous females. No negative effect related to male harassment in the laboratory, such as decreased fertility, fecundity, or number of eggs per egg capsule, was detected.

Conclusion

Polyandry contributes to mass rearing as it increases fecundity and oviposition period on females and there is no evidence of male harassment on G. platensis.
Comparison of visual quality after wavefront-guided LASIK in patients with different levels of preoperative total ocular higher-order aberrations: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Yu , Du Yangrui , He Ming , Zhang Youdan , Du Zhiyu
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To compare the visual quality after wavefront-guided femtosecond LASIK (WFG FS-LASIK) in patients with different levels of preoperative total ocular higher-order aberrations to guide clinical decision-making regarding patient selection and treatment strategies.

Methods

This study included 112 right eyes of 112 patients who previously underwent WFG FS-LASIK for correcting myopia and myopic astigmatism. The patients were divided into two groups based on the mean values of preoperative total ocular HOAs (0.30 ± 0.09 µm): HOA ≤ 0.3 and > 0.3 groups. The visual acuity, manifest refraction, corneal Strehl ratio (SR), root mean square (RMS) of corneal and ocular aberrations, and area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) of both groups were compared preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.

Results

The induced ocular HOAs and coma (Δ = 1 mo − Preop) were significantly lower in the HOAs > 0.3 group than in the HOAs ≤ 0.3 group (ΔHOAs: 0.39 ± 0.19 vs. 0.29 ± 0.18 μm, t = 2.797, P = 0.006; Δ coma: 0.30 ± 0.19 vs. 0.20 ± 0.21 μm, t = 2.542, P = 0.012). In the HOAs > 0.3 group, ΔHOAs were negatively correlated with the preoperative ocular HOAs (r = −0.315, P = 0.019). In the HOAs ≤ 0.3 group, the regression equation for Δ HOAs = 0.098 + 0.053 |SE| (F = 21.756, P < 0.001). In the HOAs > 0.3 group, the regression equation for ΔHOAs = 0.534 − 1.081 HOAs + 0.038|Sphere| (F = 7.954, P = 0.001). The postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity, spherical equivalent, corneal aberrations, SR and AULCSF of both groups were similar (all P > 0.05). Furthermore, the ocular aberrations were not significantly different between both groups at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively (all P > 0.05). In addition, compared with the preoperative period, the AULCSF of both groups were significantly increased in the postoperative period (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The induced ocular HOAs and coma in HOAs > 0.3 group were lower. However, both groups achieved equivalent and excellent visual quality after WFG FS-LASIK. WFG FS-LASIK may provide significant visual benefits for a wider range of patients.
Neo-Assyrian Policy in the Levant Reexamined
Authors: Itach Gilad
Published: August 2024

The policy of the Neo-Assyrian empire in the Levant has been extensively debated, and at least three different views have been suggested. Some scholars have argued that the empire invested in the Levant after it was annexed and that most of it prospered due to the imperial policy. However, others have claimed the opposite, suggesting that the Assyrians neglected the area and did not have any real interest in its economic rehabilitation. A third view holds that Assyrian investment was partial and that prosperity due to deliberate imperial policy can be seen mostly in the north. In the current paper I will present each of these views, which will then be challenged based on the degrees of prosperity evident from archaeological excavations in different provinces. Finally, an updated interpretation for Assyrian imperial policy in the Levant will be suggested.
Review of Structures of Governance in Song Dynasty China, 960–1279 CE
Authors: De Weerdt Hilde
Published: August 2024

Structures of Governance in Song Dynasty China, 960–1279 CE. By Charles Hartman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023. Pp. xiv + 452. $150, £115.
Review of Oral Narration in Iranian Cultures
Authors: Kreyenbroek Philip G.
Published: August 2024

Oral Narration in Iranian Cultures. Edited by Maryam Nourzaei, Carina Jahani, and Agnes Korn. Wiesbaden: Ludwig Reichert, 2022. Pp. 198, 5 maps. €59.
Ancient South Arabian Legal Texts with Semitic Parallels and Their Anthropological Background
Authors: Daum Werner
Published: August 2024

This review article deals with legal texts prominently inscribed on a city gate of Timnaʿ, the capital of the Ancient South Arabian state of Qataban. Following a sketch of the history of the region and its languages, the reviewer considers the legal texts published in the reviewed volume dealing with homicide, the attribution of tithes, infanticide, and other matters. It is pointed out that their interpretation by the author would have benefited from comparisons with Yemeni anthropological data that have not changed since pre-Islamic times.
Noninvasive Laboratory Exercise Demonstrating Blood Pressure Response to Isometric or Straining Forms of Exercise
Authors: Zidermanis Audris
Published: August 2024

A simple method of demonstrating blood pressure changes during isometric or straining forms of exercise in a teaching laboratory is valuable. Techniques involving cannulation of an artery require patient consent and are time consuming. The present paper describes a technique that uses a Biopac MP30 data acquisition unit, Biopac Student Lab PRO software, and modified sphygmomanometer to determine and analyze systolic and diastolic blood pressures during an isometric contraction; resistance is produced via a modified hydraulic leg press. This method is safe, noninvasive, easily calibrated, and provides a rapid measurement and analysis of the data.
An Action Research Approach to Standardizing the Evaluation of Diagnostic Psychomotor Skills
Authors: Waalen David P. , Waalen Judith K. , Medio Franklin J.
Published: August 2024

The effective evaluation of performance diagnostic skills is essential to determine the clinical competency of students in the health care professions. This study describes an iterative, participatory approach to the development of standardized methods for the evaluation of students' diagnostic psychomotor skills. An action research design was utilized to foster a collaborative appraisal of current performance assessment practices in the context of a faculty development program. This program provided a catalyst for a consensual process that established appropriate performance criteria and developed new evaluation instruments. Statistical comparisons were made between the new and the old assessment instruments with respect to examiner variability. All faculty (n = 10) involved in evaluating diagnostic psychomotor skills, and all students (n = 147) enrolled in the Introductory Diagnosis course were utilized in these comparisons. When compared to the original evaluation instruments (F ratio = 13.69, 9 df, p = 0001), variability among evaluators by instructor group was reduced (F ratio = 2.43, 9 df, p = 01) with the new instruments. Post-hoc significant differences between group means (using the Tukey B) dropped from 20 to only 1 difference. More consistent evaluation of diagnostic psychomotor skills can be accomplished by: clearly defining performance criteria, designing appropriate evaluation instruments, and establishing an iterative process of instruction and feedback for faculty evaluators.
Paddy Farmers Perceptions on Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies in Pemba Island
Authors: M. L. Kihupi,
Published: August 2024

Climate change is already exerting its impact on smallholder farmers, necessitating their acknowledgment of these changes and investment in adaptation strategies. The perception of climate change among farmers plays a crucial role in determining their willingness to adapt. This study focuses on the perceptions of paddy farmers regarding climate change and their responses to its impacts. Specifically, the study aims to answer the following questions: How do paddy farmers perceive climate change? How do paddy farmers respond to the impacts of climate change? The study was conducted in Wete District, North Pemba Region on Pemba Island. A cross-sectional research design was used, employing multistage cluster sampling along with purposive and simple random techniques. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected, with questionnaire surveys used for quantitative data and key informant interviews for qualitative data. Also, the study used climate data from Tanzania Meteorological Authority, temperature and rainfall data over the past 31 years (1992-2023). Quantitative data were analysed using the statistical package for social sciences software, while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The study findings reveal that paddy farmers in the study area perceive an increase in temperature, changes in rainfall patterns, an increase in dry spells, and a rise in sea level. The study also identifies various strategies used by paddy farmers to cope with the impacts of climate change, including the construction of embankments, the use of pesticides, irrigation, and skipping meals. However, the construction of ridges to prevent seawater intrusion into paddy farms was found to be less effective. Therefore, the study recommends that the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar should consider building a sea wall to help paddy farmers build resilience against the current and future impacts of climate change. Paddy farmers in Pemba Island are also advised to adopt transformative adaptation strategies that are more sustainable and capable of withstanding the projected harsh climate changes in the future.
(“To what extent do demographic characteristics influence the adoption of adaptation strategies in response to climate change impacts?”) this sentence has been removed from abstract section. Also the word “ridges” has been replaced with the word “embankments” in abstract section.
In-vitro Evaluation of Efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum on the Radial Growth of Alternaria alternata
Authors: Sarkar Ahana , Simon Sobita , Lal Abhilasha A.
Published: August 2024

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, a herbaceous perennial known for its natural sweetness, has garnered global recognition and is found in various regions of India. A study was carried out to investigate the leaf spot disease in Stevia, caused by Alternaria alternata (FR.) Keissler to find out the most suitable design of dual culture technique. Since the leaves are the primary site for synthesizing sweet glycosides, in Stevia this disease leads to significant losses and ultimately reduces the yield which leads to a serious concern. Due to the harmful effects of chemical fungicides, finding a safer alternative to control the pathogen became a priority. This prompted experiments with bioagents for pathogen control. Bio fungicides derived from Trichoderma are increasingly being recognized as successful agricultural applications, with over 50 registered products available worldwide. The present study was conducted in the Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (Uttar Pradesh). The dual culture technique was carried out on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications and six treatments. Examination of fungal colony characteristics was done through microscopic examination. At 7 DAI, maximum mycelial inhibition of 96.70% was recorded in the treatment T6 (six discs of Trichoderma harzianum against one disc of Alternaria alternata).
Obstetric care technologies based on the merhy concept applied to high-risk parturients / Tecnologias de cuidado obstétrico baseadas no conceito de Merhy aplicadas à parturiente de alto risco
Authors: Nascimento Ana Carolinne Alves do , Santos Amuzza Aylla Pereira dos , Andrade Carla Andreia Alves de , Santos Wanderlei Barbosa dos , Calheiros Selma Sabrina de Albuquerque , Carvalho Mariana Maria Pereira Cintra Farias
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: descrever as tecnologias aplicadas à parturiente de alto risco durante o trabalho de parto e parto em uma maternidade escola de alto risco. Método: estudo do tipo transversal, exploratório, observacional, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em uma maternidade de alto risco, em Maceió-AL, com 145 participantes. Resultados: a partir dos resultados desse estudo, podemos identificar que no cenário de alto risco estudado, as tecnologias leves e duras foram as mais utilizadas, de forma que, entre as tecnologias duras, a cirurgia cesariana foi a que apresentou maior prevalência Conclusão: ficou evidente a necessidade do melhor aproveitamento das tecnologias leve-duras, a fim de proporcionar uma melhor experiência parturitiva para as mulheres.
The influence of spirituality in assisting patients in palliative care / A influência da espiritualidade na assistência a pacientes em cuidados paliativos
Authors: de Oliveira Jennifer Machado , Arantes Vitória Mesquita , Giansante Thaís , Cristina Ribeiro Simone , Fernandes Vasconcelos Tauana , Bolela Fabiana
Published: August 2024

Objetivos: descrever a percepção dos profissionais que atuam na equipe de cuidados paliativos sobre a influência da espiritualidade em seu cotidiano e assistência prestada. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, que atendeu aos os critérios do Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research Checklist. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Para a interpretação dos dados optou-se pela análise temática. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 18 profissionais da equipe multidisciplinar e da análise de suas falas emergiram três categorias, “Religiosidade e espiritualidade confundindo-se na compreensão dos profissionais”; “Sentido ao trabalho dos profissionais que atuam em cuidados paliativos”; “Ações e atitudes que favorecem o desenvolvimento do cuidado espiritual”. Conclusão: a equipe multidisciplinar reconhece que a espiritualidade influencia seu cotidiano de trabalho. Embora tenham sido identificadas diferentes percepções acerca da compreensão do conceito de espiritualidade, identificaram ações que em sua concepção contribuem para a oferta de uma assistência que contemple a dimensão espiritual.
Frequency and Temperature Dependence of Dielectric Behaviors for Conductive Acrylic Composites
Authors: Cetiner Suat , Sirin Seyma , Olariu Marius , Sarac A. Sezai
Published: March 2015

In this study, acrylic‐based conductive polymeric composite thin films were prepared by in situ chemical polymerization of pyrrole (Py) in the case of ammonium persulfate (APS) and iron(III) chloride (FeCl3). Composite thin films were produced by the solution casting method. The effect of polypyrrole (PPy) content and the type of oxidant on the morphological and dielectric properties were investigated. Temperature‐ and frequency‐dependent dielectric properties were also studied in a frequency domain starting from 0.01 Hz to 10 MHz and in a temperature domain from 35 to 195°C. The results revealed that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss increased, whereas temperature and the highest dielectric values were obtained in the case of APS. The density of interconnected pores enwrapped with PPy under the surface improved the electrical/dielectric properties of the composite thin films.
Nickel‐reiche Lithium‐Übergangsmetall‐Schichtverbindungen für Hochenergie‐Lithiumionenakkumulatoren
Authors: Liu Wen , Oh Pilgun , Liu Xien , Lee Min‐Joon , Cho Woongrae , Chae Sujong , Kim Youngsik , Cho Jaephil
Published: March 2015

Für Lithiumionenakkumulatoren mit hohen Energiedichten gibt es eine überaus große Nachfrage im Bereich tragbarer elektronischer Geräte und Elektrofahrzeuge. Weil die Energiedichten der Lithiumionenakkumulatoren vor allem vom verwendeten Kathodenmaterial abhängen, wird nach alternativen Kathodenmaterialien mit besserer Lithiumnutzung und höherer spezifischer Energiedichte intensiv geforscht. Insbesondere Ni‐reiche Lithium‐Übergangsmetalloxid‐Schichtverbindungen können höhere Kapazitäten als das klassische LiCoO2 bei geringeren Kosten bereitstellen. Sie gelten als besonders vielversprechend, aber sie bergen noch große Herausforderungen bezüglich Lebensdauer, Wärmestabilität und Sicherheit. Hier wird umfassend beschrieben, wie gezielte Veränderungen an der Struktur oder an den Grenzflächen in einer Leistungssteigerung von Ni‐reichen Kathodenmaterialien resultieren. Die zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen und die noch zu bewältigenden Herausforderungen werden ebenfalls diskutiert.
Reversible 1,1‐Hydroborierung: Borylinsertion in eine C‐N‐Bindung und konkurrierende Eliminierung von entweder HBR2 oder R‐H
Authors: Yang Deng‐Tao , Mellerup Soren K. , Wang Xiang , Lu Jia‐Sheng , Wang Suning
Published: March 2015

Borane der allgemeinen Struktur HBR2 reagieren leicht mit Pyrido[1,2‐a]isoindol (A) in Form einer 1,1‐Hydroborierung. Hierbei kommt es durch die Insertion einer BR2‐Einheit in eine C‐N‐Bindung zur Ausbildung eines BN‐Heterocyclus. Die Untersuchung der Thermoreaktivität des BN‐Heterocyclus zeigte, dass die thermische Eliminierung über zwei getrennte, miteinander konkurrierende Routen verläuft: HBR2‐Eliminierung (auch Retrohydroborierung) oder R‐H‐Eliminierung, abhängig vom jeweiligen Rest R am Boratom und vom Chelatgerüst. Der Mechanismus dieser höchst außergewöhnlichen Reaktionen wurde experimentell und durch quantenmechanische Rechnungen untersucht. Die Adduktbildung zwischen HBR2 und A ist hierbei das entscheidende Zwischenprodukt in der 1,1‐Hydroborierung von A.