bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digitization of interorganizational relationships: direct effects of benefit magnitude and indirect effects of benefit asymmetry on reseller profit
Authors: Osmonbekov Talai , Chelariu Cristian , Whiting Anita
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of relationship digitization benefits on reseller profit. The authors hypothesized two pathways by which the digitization benefits improve reseller profitability: direct and indirect. The direct pathway is via enhancing the reseller’s digital resources and capabilities and the indirect pathway is by improving the relationship with a focal manufacturer by reducing inequity and enhancing interorganizational trust.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use the survey methodology to attempt to understand the interorganizational dynamics of digitization. The authors survey more than 200 resellers in the computer and computer components industry.

Findings

Overall, the pattern of results generally supports the framework for direct and indirect effects of digitization benefits on the bottom line of the reseller, as well as the idea of examining the benefits structure components of benefit magnitude and benefit asymmetry. Sales benefit magnitude improves reseller profit directly, as enhanced digital resources result in a more efficient and effective reseller salesforce. The indirect effects flow through to profitability via inequity and trust.

Originality/value

The authors are not aware of any prior research that uses the asymmetry and magnitude framework to approach the digitization phenomenon.
Mitigating disruption through adaptive organization and organization learning to create a transformation business model
Authors: Wardhana Vicky Dhanis , Gautama So Idris , Warganegara Dezie L. , Hamsal Mohammad
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the relationship between the influence of technological disruption and the transformation of business models mediated by adaptive organization and organization learning.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 116 top management teams from the member of the Indonesian Advertising Association (P3I) were recruited for this study. The data was obtained through an online survey and analyzed using the PLS-structural equation modeling (SEM) technique.

Findings

This study revealed the importance of organizational learning and adaptive organization in minimizing technology disruption and enabler of the business model transformation. In an always-changing environment, the adaptive organization is the core element and catalyst of firm transformation. The acceleration of business model transformation is empowered through establishing an organization's learning system by exploiting existing knowledge, exploring new knowledge and cultivating a learning culture.

Practical implications

In today’s fast-paced digital world and a constant state of flux, advertising agencies need to build a sustainable business model and structure that allows them to be flexible, adaptive to changes and efficient.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study was the first to develop a model to mitigate technology disruption and enable necessary elements to create a transformation business model.
Being digital to being vulnerable: does digital transformation allure a data breach?
Authors: Srinivas Santhosh , Liang Huigang
Published: November 2022

Purpose

While every firm is striving to embrace digital transformation (DT) to form new differentiating business capabilities, there are dark sides to such initiatives, and it is essential to acknowledge, identify and address them. The purpose of this paper is to identify and emperically demonstrate the impact of such darksides of DT. While a firm's DT effort may have many dark sides, the authors identify data breaches as the most critical one and focus on proving their impact since it can inflict significant damage to the firm.

Design/methodology/approach

Through the lens of paradox theory, the authors argue that the DT efforts of a firm will lead to increased risk and severity of data breaches. The authors developed a one-of-a-kind longitudinal data set by combining data from multiple sources, including 3604 brands over a 10-year period, and employed a DT performance scorecard to evaluate a firm's DT effort across four key digital selling touchpoints: site, mobile, digital marketing and social media.

Findings

The findings of this study show that a firm's DT efforts pertaining to its mobile and digital marketing platforms significantly increase the likelihood and severity of a data breach event indicating that these two channels are most vulnerable and need heightened attention from firms. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the negative repercussions of some DT initiatives may be minimized as the firm becomes more innovative. The findings can help firms re-strategize their DT efforts by promoting security and also encouraging a balanced communication strategy.

Originality/value

This research is one of the first to identify, recognize and empirically illustrate the downsides of a DT effort that is otherwise thought to provide only benefits.
Active listening to customers: eco-innovation through value co-creation in the textile industry
Authors: Martínez-Martínez Aurora , Cegarra-Navarro Juan-Gabriel , Garcia-Perez Alexeis , De Valon Tiphaine
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study contributes to current efforts to design and implement sustainable innovation strategies in organisations from the textile industry. This study aims to examine how businesses can overcome the current challenges (e.g. lack of resources) of sustainable innovation by the incorporation of green knowledge of customers into their value co-creation strategies. Such strategies are based on actively listening to customers and addressing their expectations with regard to environmental sustainability, in particular in the face of the negative environmental impact of the fast-fashion industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The findings of this study are derived from the analysis of data collected from 208 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Spanish textile sector. A partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis was conducted using version 3.3.3 of the SmartPLS software.

Findings

This paper contributes to the literature on environmental sustainability by informing SME eco-innovation through the active listening of their customers’ perceptions while implementing value co-creation strategies. The research has found that engaging with customers and actively listening and addressing their expectations can result in the creation of green knowledge that contributes to both incremental and radical eco-innovation in the textile sector.

Practical implications

This study found that when organisations from the sector lack eco-innovation capabilities, their existing and often their potential customer base is able to acquire new environmental knowledge and transfer it to the business through a process of value co-creation. The research also found that such green knowledge has the potential to lead to eco-innovation in the sector. In other words, the value co-creation process between the textile industry and its customers is a driver of the eco-innovations required to reduce the environmental impact of the sector, helping it address both its sustainability and its ethical challenges.

Originality/value

This study proposes that co-creation challenges such as the lack of resources, funding, qualified staff or technologies motivate companies in the textile sector to collaborate with their customers to seek joint solutions.
The role of perceived attributes of innovations in the adoption of smartwatches
Authors: Wolverton Colleen Carraher , Guidry Hollier Brandi N. , Cahyanto Ignatius , Stevens David P.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the adoption of smartwatches. Specifically, the robustness of the perceived characteristics of innovation (PCI) model in predicting such adoption is demonstrated. Previous smartwatch research has not used this same technology adoption model. This research demonstrates the value of examining the adoption of wearables and other new technologies (i.e. smartwatches) with the new approach of PCI while avoiding some of the limitations of previous studies.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey of 178 respondents was conducted, and the data was analyzed using structured equation modeling and partial least squares. The model described here extends the models used in extant smartwatch research by identifying additional factors.

Findings

The results show that three factors (compatibility, trialability and relative advantage) significantly impact behavioral intention to adopt the technology.

Originality/value

With the escalation of remote work, the increase in wearable technology and the widespread use of Wi-Fi technology, the way that employees adopt and use their technology must be reassessed. Therefore, a new approach was sought with an established theoretical base to evaluate the adoption of smartwatches under these evolving circumstances. Specifically, Moore and Benbasat’s characterization of the PCI was selected, which is rooted in Rogers’ diffusion of innovation theory.
Understanding post-crisis trauma recovery for the past decade in uniformed services: a narrative review
Authors: De Silva Raneesha , Ireland Jane L. , Birch Philip , Ireland Carol A. , Lewis Michael , Dissanayake Ravindra , Atapattu Methma
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore mental health difficulties, including risk and protective factors, which may impact on symptom severity after exposure to crisis situations (war, terrorism and/or natural disasters), among first responders from uniformed services.

Design/methodology/approach

Peer-reviewed journal articles published in English between January 2012 and March 2022 were searched in ProQuest, Wiley, Google Scholar and PubMed databases. In total, 12 articles were obtained from an original screening of 94,058 articles. Full article texts were screened for content and quality by two reviewers, with high agreeability.

Findings

Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression were the most common diagnoses. Risk factors identified were pre-deployment factors of overweight, low cognitive ability and social support, existing emotional difficulties, negative childhood experiences and stressful life events; during crisis situations factors of higher frequency and subjective severity of combat, increased rates of combat stress reaction, high levels of concerns for life and family, more stressful mission position, threat of death/severe injury and high rate of killing the enemy; and post-deployment factors, such as low social support and physical health, lack of coping mechanisms and use of avoidance strategies and social stigma. Protective factors increasing resilience and lessening symptom severity were reported as pre-deployment cognitive ability, high social support, stable physical health, effective coping, post-traumatic growth and high levels of perceived adequacy in pre-deployment preparation and training. In addition to main findings, data about author(s), publication type, population, age, type of crisis and evaluation measures were extracted. Key findings and related theories, gaps in literature and recommendations are discussed.

Originality/value

As yet, however, research into the factors that could serve as risk and/or protective factors are not clearly indicated in terms of post-crisis recovery. As per the authors’ knowledge, this study is an initial approach to considering this area.
Sustainable dyeing of jute-cotton union fabrics with onion skin (allium CEPA) dye using banana peel (Musa) and guava leaves (Psidium guajava) extract as biomordants
Authors: Islam Md. Raijul , Khan Ayub Nabi Nabi , Mahmud Rois Uddin , Haque Shahin Mohammad Nasimul , Khan Md. Mohibul Islam
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to evaluate the effects of banana (Musa) peel and guava (Psidium guajava) leaves extract as mordants on jute–cotton union fabrics dyed with onion skin extract as a natural dye.

Design/methodology/approach

The dye was extracted from the outer skin of onions by boiling in water and later concentrated. The bio-mordants were prepared by maceration using methanol and ethanol. The fabrics were pre-mordanted, simultaneously mordanted and post-mordanted with various concentrations according to the weight of the fabric. The dyed and mordanted fabrics were later subjected to measurement of color coordinates, color strength and colorfastness to the washing test. Furthermore, the dyed samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, and different chemical bonds were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis.

Findings

Significant improvement was obtained in colorfastness and color strength values in various instances using banana peel and guava leaves as bio mordants. Post-mordanted with banana peel provided the best results for wash fastness. Better color strength was achieved by fabric post-mordanted with guava leave extracts.

Originality/value

Sustainable dyeing methods of natural dyes using banana peel and guava leaves as bio mordants were explored on jute–cotton union fabrics. Improvement in colorfastness and color strength for various instances was observed. Thus, this paper provides a promising alternative to metallic salt mordants.
Dyeing of polyester fabrics using novel diazo disperse dyes derived from 1, 4-bis (2-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazolyl) benzene
Authors: Ali Ali A. , Alshukur Malek , Ashmawy Ashraf M. , Mahmoud Ammar M. , Saleh Ahmed , Nassar Hesham S. , Yao Bo
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study aims to show the dyeing behaviour of polyester fabrics using four novel heterocyclic disperse dyes.

Design/methodology/approach

The four dyes were synthesized based on 5, 5'-(1, 4-phenylene) bis (1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-amine) as a diazonium compound. The UV/Vis absorption spectroscopic data of these disperse dyes while dyeing polyester fabrics were investigated. Following this, the dyeing properties of these dyes on polyester fabrics were investigated under acid condition.

Findings

The results showed that increasing the dyeing temperature from 80°C to 100°C led to an increase in dye uptake for all dyes, but further increases of the temperature to 130°C led to higher dye uptake for dye 3 as the dye exhaustion increased by about 50% from 55.9% to 91.4%.

Originality/value

This study is important as it introduces new dyes for the dyeing of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibres with colours that range from yellowish orange to bluish yellow and scarlet red and all with excellent brightness, levelness and depth of shade.
Transport‐limited reactions in microbial systems
Authors: Louca Stilianos , Taylor Gordon T. , Astor Yrene M. , Buck Kristen N. , Muller‐Karger Frank E.
Published: November 2022

Predicting microbial metabolic rates and emergent biogeochemical fluxes remains challenging due to the many unknown population dynamical, physiological and reaction‐kinetic parameters and uncertainties in species composition. Here, we show that the need for these parameters can be eliminated when population dynamics and reaction kinetics operate at much shorter time scales than physical mixing processes. Such scenarios are widespread in poorly mixed water columns and sediments. In this ‘fast‐reaction‐transport’ (FRT) limit, all that is required for predictions are chemical boundary conditions, the physical mixing processes and reaction stoichiometries, while no knowledge of species composition, physiology or population/reaction kinetic parameters is needed. Using time‐series data spanning years 2001–2014 and depths 180–900 m across the permanently anoxic Cariaco Basin, we demonstrate that the FRT approach can accurately predict the dynamics of major electron donors and acceptors (Pearson r ≥ 0.9 in all cases). Hence, many microbial processes in this system are largely transport limited and thus predictable regardless of species composition, population dynamics and kinetics. Our approach enables predictions for many systems in which microbial community dynamics and kinetics are unknown. Our findings also reveal a mechanism for the frequently observed decoupling between function and taxonomy in microbial systems.
Variation in initial and continued use of primary, mental health, and specialty video care among Veterans
Authors: Ferguson Jacqueline M. , Wray Charlie M. , Jacobs Josephine , Greene Liberty , Wagner Todd H. , Odden Michelle C. , Freese Jeremy , Van Campen James , Asch Steven M. , Heyworth Leonie , Zulman Donna M.
Published: November 2022

Objective

To identify which Veteran populations are routinely accessing video‐based care.

Data Sources and Study Setting

National, secondary administrative data from electronic health records at the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), 2019–2021.

Study Design

This retrospective cohort analysis identified patient characteristics associated with the odds of using any video care; and then, among those with a previous video visit, the annual rate of video care utilization. Video care use was reported overall and stratified into care type (e.g., primary, mental health, and specialty video care) between March 10, 2020 and February 28, 2021.

Data Collection

Veterans active in VA health care (>1 outpatient visit between March 11, 2019 and March 10, 2020) were included in this study.

Principal Findings

Among 5,389,129 Veterans in this evaluation, approximately 27.4% of Veterans had at least one video visit. We found differences in video care utilization by type of video care: 14.7% of Veterans had at least one primary care video visit, 10.6% a mental health video visit, and 5.9% a specialty care video visit. Veterans with a history of housing instability had a higher overall rate of video care driven by their higher usage of video for mental health care compared with Veterans in stable housing. American Indian/Alaska Native Veterans had reduced odds of video visits, yet similar rates of video care when compared to White Veterans. Low‐income Veterans had lower odds of using primary video care yet slightly elevated rates of primary video care among those with at least one video visit when compared to Veterans enrolled at VA without special considerations.

Conclusions

Variation in video care utilization patterns by type of care identified Veteran populations that might require greater resources and support to initiate and sustain video care use. Our data support service specific outreach to homeless and American Indian/Alaska Native Veterans.
Fast‐tracking bespoke DNA reference database generation from museum collections for biomonitoring and conservation
Authors: Dopheide Andrew , Brav‐Cubitt Talia , Podolyan Anastasija , Leschen Richard A. B. , Ward Darren , Buckley Thomas R. , Dhami Manpreet K.
Published: November 2022

Despite recent advances in high‐throughput DNA sequencing technologies, a lack of locally relevant DNA reference databases limits the potential for DNA‐based monitoring of biodiversity for conservation and biosecurity applications. Museums and national collections represent a compelling source of authoritatively identified genetic material for DNA database development, yet obtaining DNA barcodes from long‐stored specimens may be difficult due to sample degradation. Here we demonstrate a sensitive and efficient laboratory and bioinformatic process for generating DNA barcodes from hundreds of invertebrate specimens simultaneously via the Illumina MiSeq system. Using this process, we recovered full‐length (334) or partial (105) COI barcodes from 439 of 450 (98%) national collection‐held invertebrate specimens. This included full‐length barcodes from 146 specimens which produced low‐yield DNA and no visible PCR bands, and which produced as little as a single sequence per specimen, demonstrating high sensitivity of the process. In many cases, the identity of the most abundant sequences per specimen were not the correct barcodes, necessitating the development of a taxonomy‐informed process for identifying correct sequences among the sequencing output. The recovery of only partial barcodes for some taxa indicates a need to refine certain PCR primers. Nonetheless, our approach represents a highly sensitive, accurate and efficient method for targeted reference database generation, providing a foundation for DNA‐based assessments and monitoring of biodiversity.
Extending Bayesian Elo‐rating to quantify the steepness of dominance hierarchies
Authors: Neumann Christof , Fischer Julia
Published: November 2022

The steepness of dominance hierarchies provides information about the degree of competition within animal social groups and is thus an important concept in socioecology. The currently most widely used metrics to quantify steepness are based on David's scores (DS) derived from dominance interaction networks. One serious drawback of these DS‐based metrics is that they are biased, that is, network density systematically decreases steepness values.

We provide a novel approach to estimate steepness based on Elo‐ratings, implemented in a Bayesian framework (STEER: Steepness estimation with Elo‐rating). We evaluate and validate its performance by means of experimentation on empirical and artificial datasets and compare its performance to that of several other steepness estimators.

STEER has two key advantages. First, it is unbiased, precise and more robust to data density than DS‐based steepness. Second, it provides explicit probability distributions of the estimated steepness coefficient, which allows uncertainty assessment. In addition, it relies on the same underlying concept and is on the same scale as the original measure, and thus allows comparison to existing published results.

STEER provides a considerable improvement over existing methods to estimate dominance hierarchy steepness. We demonstrate its application with an example comparing within‐ and between species variation in steepness in a comparative analysis and present guidelines on how to use it. The R packageEloSteepnessallows convenient numeric and graphical assessment of the new steepness measure.
Increased incidence of shoulder dystocia but a declining incidence of obstetric brachial plexus palsy in vaginally delivered infants
Authors: Mollberg Margareta , Ladfors Linnea V. , Strömbeck Christina , Elden Helen , Ladfors Lars
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) is a serious form of neonatal morbidity. The primary aim of this population‐based registry study was to examine temporal trends, 1997–2019, of OBPP in infants delivered vaginally in a cephalic presentation. The secondary aim was to examine temporal changes in the incidence of associated risk factors.

Material and Methods

This was a population‐based registry study including singleton, cephalic, vaginally delivered infants, 1997–2019, in Sweden. To compare changes in the incidence rates of OBPP and associated risk factors over time, univariate logistic regression was used and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.

Results

The incidence of OBPP in infants delivered vaginally in a cephalic presentation decreased from 3.1 per 1000 births in 1997 to 1.0 per 1000 births in 2019 (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.24–0.40). Conversely, the incidence of shoulder dystocia increased from 2.0 per 1000 in 1997 to 3.3 per 1000 in 2019 (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.34–2.01). Over time, the proportion of women with body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or greater increased (14.5% in 2019 compared with 8.0% in year 1997, OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.89–2.03), more women had induction of labor (20.5% in 2019 compared with 8.6% in 1997, OR 2.74, 95% CI 2.66–2.83) and epidural analgesia (41.2% in 2019 compared with 29.0% in 1997, OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.68–1.75). In contrast, there was a decrease in the rate of operative vaginal delivery (6.0% in 2019, compared with 8.1% in 1997, OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.69, 0.75) and in the proportion of infants with a birthweight greater than 4500 g (2.7% in 2019 compared with 3.8% in 1997, OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.66–0.74). The decline in the incidence of these two risk factors explained only a small fraction of the overall decrease in OBPP between 1997–2002 and 2015–219.

Conclusions

The incidence of OBPP in vaginally delivered infants in a cephalic presentation at birth decreased during the period 1997–2019 despite an increase in important risk factors including shoulder dystocia.
Why some people do not get vaccinated against COVID‐19: Social‐cognitive determinants of vaccination behavior
Authors: Han Qing , Zheng Bang , Abakoumkin Georgios , Leander N. Pontus , Stroebe Wolfgang
Published: November 2022

It is puzzling that a sizeable percentage of people refuse to get vaccinated against COVID‐19. This study aimed to examine social psychological factors influencing their vaccine hesitancy. This longitudinal study traced a cohort of 2663 individuals in 25 countries from the time before COVID‐19 vaccines became available (March 2020) to July 2021, when vaccination was widely available. Multilevel logistic regressions were used to examine determinants of actual COVID‐19 vaccination behavior by July 2021, with country‐level intercept as random effect. Of the 2663 participants, 2186 (82.1%) had been vaccinated by July 2021. Participants' attitude toward COVID‐19 vaccines was the strongest predictor of both vaccination intention and subsequent vaccination behavior (p < .001). Perceived risk of getting infected and perceived personal disturbance of infection were also associated with higher likelihood of getting vaccinated (p < .001). However, religiosity, right‐wing political orientation, conspiracy beliefs, and low trust in government regarding COVID‐19 were negative predictors of vaccination intention and behavior (p < .05). Our findings highlight the importance of attitude toward COVID‐19 vaccines and also suggest that certain life‐long held convictions that predate the pandemic make people distrustful of their government and likely to accept conspiracy beliefs and therefore less likely to adopt the vaccination behavior.
Linezolid and the risk of QT interval prolongation: A pharmacovigilance study of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Shao Haixia , Shi Dawei , Dai Ying
Published: November 2022

Aims

Few studies have investigated linezolid (LZD)‐associated cardiotoxicity. This study explored the potential association between LZD and QT interval prolongation.

Methods

Adverse event reports of QT interval prolongation associated with LZD from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System from January 2013 to December 2021 were analysed and the reporting odds ratio (ROR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

Results

A total of 6738 adverse event reports of LZD as the primary and secondary suspected drug were obtained from the database, including 192 reports with electrocardiogram QT prolonged (QTp), and the ROR value was 26.1 (95% CI = 22.6–30.2). There were 8 reports of long QT syndrome, ROR 14.2 (95% CI = 7.1–28.5); 5 reports of torsade de pointes, ROR 3.2 (95% CI = 1.3–7.6); and 5 reports of ventricular tachycardia, ROR 1.9 (95% CI = 0.8–4.5). Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with tuberculosis treated with LZD had a higher reporting rate among all QTp reports, exhibiting an odds ratio of 330.0 (95% CI = 223.1–488.1). The odds ratios of QTp associated with LZD treatments in patients with and without tuberculosis were 4.2 (95% CI = 3.4–5.3) and 1.2 (95% CI = 0.8–1.6), respectively.

Conclusion

The study showed an association between LZD and QT interval prolongation. In the report on patients with tuberculosis, the incidence of QTp was higher when treated with LZD.
Discussion on “Instrumented Difference-in-Differences” by Ting Ye, Ashkan Ertefaie, James Flory, Sean Hennessy & Dylan S. Small
Authors: Kang Hyunseung
Published: November 2022

We reinterpret the instrumented difference-in-differences (iDID) under a linear instrumental variables (IV) model. Under the linear IV model, we show why iDID is a clear improvement over two existing methods, difference-in-differences (DID) and a cross-sectional, IV analysis. We also re-express some of the assumptions of iDID using familiar, regression-based identification assumptions. We conclude with a method inspired by the linear IV model that can potentially remedy the weak identification problem in iDID.
Purity, politics, and polarization: Political ideology moderates threat‐induced shifts in moral purity beliefs
Authors: Leota Josh , Simpson David , Mazidi Daniel , Nash Kyle
Published: November 2022

There is considerable research showing that economic threat influences people's social and political views. There are two prevailing perspectives on threat and political attitudes, broadly defined as the Conservative Shift Hypothesis and the Entrenching Hypothesis. The former predicts that threat induces change in the conservative direction (for both conservatives and liberals), whereas the latter predicts that threat causes people to adhere more strongly to their prexisting political perspective. In two experimental studies (one pre‐registered replication), we find evidence in support of the Entrenching Hypothesis. Conservatives responded to Economic Threat with increased endorsement of the conservative moral foundation Purity, whereas liberals responded to Economic Threat with decreased endorsement of the Purity foundation. Economic Threat appears to increase commitment to one's pre‐existing political ideology and not conservatism specifically. Implications for psychological theory and future directions are discussed.
The postprandial secretion of peptide YY1‐36 and 3‐36 in obesity is differentially increased after gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Kowalka Anna M. , Alexiadou Kleopatra , Cuenco Joyceline , Clarke Rosemary E. , Minnion James , Williams Emma L. , Bech Paul , Purkayastha Sanjay , Ahmed Ahmed R. , Takats Zoltan , Whitwell Harry J. , Romero Maria Gomez , Bloom Stephen R. , Camuzeaux Stephane , Lewis Matthew R. , Khoo Bernard , Tan Tricia M.‐M.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) exists as two species, PYY1‐36 and PYY3‐36, with distinct effects on insulin secretion and appetite regulation. The detailed effects of bariatric surgery on PYY1‐36 and PYY3‐36 secretion are not known as previous studies have used nonspecific immunoassays to measure total PYY. Our objective was to characterize the effect of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on fasting and postprandial PYY1‐36 and PYY3‐36 secretion using a newly developed liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) assay.

Design and Subjects

Observational study in 10 healthy nonobese volunteers and 30 participants with obesity who underwent RYGB (n = 24) or SG (n = 6) at the Imperial Weight Centre [NCT01945840]. Participants were studied using a standardized mixed meal test (MMT) before and 1 year after surgery. The outcome measures were PYY1‐36 and PYY3‐36 concentrations.

Results

Presurgery, the fasting and postprandial levels of PYY1‐36 and PYY3‐36 were low, with minimal responses to the MMT, and these did not differ from healthy nonobese volunteers. The postprandial secretion of both PYY1‐36 and PYY3‐36 at 1 year was amplified after RYGB, but not SG, with the response being significantly higher in RYGB compared with SG.

Conclusions

There appears to be no difference in PYY secretion between nonobese and obese volunteers at baseline. At 1 year after surgery, RYGB, but not SG, is associated with increased postprandial secretion of PYY1‐36 and PYY3‐36, which may account for long‐term differences in efficacy and adverse effects between the two types of surgery.
PIK3CA somatic mutations as potential biomarker for immunotherapy in elder or TP53 mutated gastric cancer patients
Authors: Yao Jun , You Qing , Zhang Xin , Zhang Yu , Xu Jiapeng , Zhao Xiaokai , Li Jieyi , Wang Xintao , Gong Ziying , Zhang Daoyun , Wang Weijun
Published: November 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improve overall survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC). However, the molecular characterization of GC in ICIs responders is unclear. A total of 288 advanced GC patients were included in this study. Next‐generation sequencing analysis was performed on tumor tissue and paired blood to screen for somatic mutants in 639 tumor‐associated genes. We demonstrated that ARID1A, HER2/3/4, KMT2C/2D, LRP1B, PIK3CA, SPTA1, and TP53 mutations were significantly correlated with high tumor mutation burden (TMB) score, as well as HER2 amplification. For HER2 and PIK3CA mutations types, this relationship was statistically significant with age and TP53 mutation status, which was also found in the CDH1 gene. These results were confirmed by sequencing 873 GC cases in the cBioPortal database. PIK3CA mutations appear to be associated with longer survival in elderly population and TP53 mutant subtypes. For the first time, we found that GC patients ≥60 years old or with TP53 mutated type and PIK3CA mutations were associated with higher TMB and better ICI response. Building upon the age and TP53 mutation status, this study suggested a novel stratification approach to GC patients and explored the correlations between genetic somatic mutations and TMB score.
Single incision simultaneous liver kidney transplantation: Feasibility and outcomes
Authors: Imai Daisuke , Sambommatsu Yuzuru , Sharma Amit , Kumaran Vinay , Cotterell Adrian H. , Khan Aamir A. , Lee Seung Duk , Gupta Gaurav , Levy Marlon F. , Bruno David A.
Published: November 2022

Background

Traditionally, simultaneous liver kidney transplantation (SLK) has been performed using a subcostal incision for the liver allograft and a lower abdominal incision for kidney transplantation (dual incision, DI). At our institution, we performed SLK using a single subcostal incision (SI). The aim of this study was to report the outcomes of single versus dual incisions for SLK.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of consecutive SLK procedures performed at our center from January 2015 to April 2021 was performed. The demographic characteristics, complications, intraoperative findings, and complications after SI and DI were statistically compared.

Results

A total 37 SLK were performed (19 DI and 18 SI). The age and indications for transplantation were comparable between the two groups. Patient in SI group had significantly higher MELD score (27.0 ± 1.5 vs. 31.7 ± 1.5, p = .038). The cold ischemic time of kidney transplantation (599 ± 26 min vs. 447 ± 27 min, p < .001) and the total surgical time (508 ± 21 min vs. 423 ± 22 min, p = .008) were significantly shorter in the SI group. The incidence of complications and post‐transplant kidney function was comparable between the groups. A slightly higher incidence of surgical site complications was noted in the DI group without any statistically significance (p = .178).

Conclusions

Single‐subcostal incision SLK is technically feasible and has comparable outcomes to dual‐incision SLK. SI was associated with shorter cold ischemic time for kidney transplant, as well as shorter overall operative time.
Serum proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type 9 and vascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Armentaro Giuseppe , Carbone Federico , Cassano Velia , Liberale Luca , Minetti Silvia , Bertolotto Maria Bianca , Mannino Gaia , Fiorentino Teresa V. , Perticone Maria , Succurro Elena , Sesti Giorgio , Montecucco Fabrizio , Andreozzi Francesco , Sciacqua Angela
Published: November 2022

Background

Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) levels have been suggested as novel atherosclerotic biomarker. PCSK9 plays important roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by regulating the degradation of low‐density lipoprotein receptor as well as different inflammatory pathways. Considering the important prognostic role of arterial stiffness in cardiovascular disease (CVD), the aim of the study is to investigate the correlation between PCSK9 levels and arterial stiffness in a cohort of diabetic patients, without previous CV events.

Methods

This cross‐sectional analysis enrolled 401 Caucasian patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PCSK9 levels were measured by ELISA test, arterial stiffness was estimated by measuring carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV).

Results

Patients were divided in three tertiles according to increasing value of PCSK9. From the I to the III tertiles, there was a significant increase in high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), fibrinogen and white blood cells (WBC) and a reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (e‐GFR). Patients with higher levels of PCSK9 presented increased systolic, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure and PWV. PWV was significantly and directly correlated with PCSK9, fibrinogen, age, BMI and PP, and indirectly correlated with diet, lifestyle and e‐GFR. Serum PCSK9 was the major predictor of PWV, justifying a 16.9% of its variation.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates a close association between circulating PCSK9 levels and PWV in T2DM subjects without previous CV events even after adjusting for well‐known CV risk factor and pharmacological medications. Serum PCSK9 could be a useful biomarker for CV risk stratification in diabetic subjects.
Evaluation of marginal/internal fit of fixed dental prostheses after digital, conventional, and combination impression techniques: A systematic review
Authors: Sarafidou Katia , Chatziparaskeva Maria , Chatzikamagiannis Dimitrios , Mpotskaris Vasileios , Tortopidis Dimitrios , Bakopoulou Athina , Kokoti Maria
Published: November 2022

Advances of digital technology are rapidly adopted in dental practice. This systematic review aimed to collect evidence on the accuracy of fit of different types of fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) fabricated through digital, conventional, or combination impression techniques. Data collection was based on the guidelines of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA). Two databases (PubMed, Scopus) were searched for articles in English published between 2010 and 2021 resulting in 480 articles. Of those, 35 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. These articles referred to three groups of materials/techniques including all‐ceramic (zirconia; lithium disilicate) and porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal (PFM) restorations. Results showed clinically acceptable marginal fit (< 120 μm) for all materials and impression techniques. Α fully digital workflow appears more promising for the construction of short‐span zirconia FDPs. Nevertheless, most articles evaluated marginal/internal fit of single crowns or short‐span FDPs in vitro, while clinical data are limited for long‐span FDPs. The necessity for gingival retraction remains a major drawback of all impression techniques, increasing procedural time and patient discomfort. Besides, factors related to the fabrication process, including milling and 3D printing of working models significantly influence the outcome. Overall, there still some way to go before digital technology can be incorporated in complex treatment plans in prosthodontics.
The market impact of systemic risk capital surcharges
Authors: Gündüz Yalin
Published: November 2022

This paper tests the ‘Too‐Big‐to‐Fail’ hypothesis that whether being designated as a global systemically important bank (G‐SIB) has an impact on the credit default swap (CDS) price of the bank, thereby reducing its credit risk. We find surprising evidence that the CDS spreads of a bank increase (decrease) after the announcement of a higher (lower) capital surcharge. However, this effect is temporary, as the mean CDS spreads revert to preannouncement level, dropping sharply after the initial rise. These findings create a puzzle by implying that a higher capital surcharge requirement and more stringent regulation could outweigh the implicit subsidy advantages of being too‐big‐to‐fail.
Recent cover crop adoption is associated with small maize and soybean yield losses in the United States
Authors: Deines Jillian M. , Guan Kaiyu , Lopez Bruno , Zhou Qu , White Cambria S. , Wang Sheng , Lobell David B.
Published: November 2022

Cover crops are gaining traction in many agricultural regions, partly driven by increased public subsidies and by private markets for ecosystem services. These payments are motivated by environmental benefits, including improved soil health, reduced erosion, and increased soil organic carbon. However, previous work based on experimental plots or crop modeling indicates cover crops may reduce crop yields. It remains unclear, though, how recent cover crop adoption has affected productivity in commercial agricultural systems. Here we perform the first large‐scale, field‐level analysis of observed yield impacts from cover cropping as implemented across the US Corn Belt. We use validated satellite data products at sub‐field scales to analyze maize and soybean yield outcomes for over 90,000 fields in 2019–2020. Because we lack data on cover crop species or timing, we seek to quantify the yield impacts of cover cropping as currently practiced in aggregate. Using causal forests analysis, we estimate an average maize yield loss of 5.5% on fields where cover crops were used for 3 or more years, compared with fields that did not adopt cover cropping. Maize yield losses were larger on fields with better soil ratings, cooler mid‐season temperatures, and lower spring rainfall. For soybeans, average yield losses were 3.5%, with larger impacts on fields with warmer June temperatures, lower spring and late‐season rainfall, and, to a lesser extent, better soils. Estimated impacts are consistent with multiple mechanisms indicated by experimental and simulation‐based studies, including the effects of cover crops on nitrogen dynamics, water consumption, and soil oxygen depletion. Our results suggest a need to improve cover crop management to reduce yield penalties, and a potential need to target subsidies based on likely yield impacts. Ultimately, avoiding substantial yield penalties is important for realizing widespread adoption and associated benefits for water quality, erosion, soil carbon, and greenhouse gas emissions.
Family satisfaction with intensive care unit communication during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a prospective multicentre Australian study Family Satisfaction – COVID ICU
Authors: Ponnapa Reddy Mallikarjuna , Kadam Umesh , Lee John Dong Young , Chua Clara , Wang Wei , McPhail Tomecka , Lee Jodie , Yarwood Naomi , Majumdar Mainak , Subramaniam Ashwin
Published: November 2022

Background

Virtual communication has become common practice during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic because of visitation restrictions.

Aims

The authors aimed to evaluate overall family satisfaction with the intensive care unit (FS‐ICU) care involving virtual communication strategies during the COVID‐19 pandemic period.

Methods

In this prospective multicentre study involving three metropolitan hospitals in Melbourne, Australia, the next of kin (NOK) of all eligible ICU patients between 1 July 2020 and 31 October 2020 were requested to complete an adapted version of the FS‐ICU 24‐questionnaire. Group comparisons were analysed and calculated for family satisfaction scores: ICU/care (satisfaction with care), FS‐ICU/dm (satisfaction with information/decision‐making) and FS‐ICU/total (overall satisfaction with the ICU). The essential predictors that influence family satisfaction were identified using quantitative and qualitative analyses.

Results

Seventy‐three of the 227 patients' NOK who initially agreed completed the FS‐ICU questionnaire (response rate 32.2%). The mean FS‐ICU/total was 63.9 (standard deviation [SD], 30.8). The mean score for satisfaction with FS‐ICU/dm was lower than the FS‐ICU/care (62.1 [SD, 30.3) vs 65.4 (SD, 31.4); P < 0.001]. There was no difference in mean FS‐ICU/total scores between survivors (n = 65; 89%) and non‐survivors (n = 8, 11%). Higher patient Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III score, female NOK and the patient dying in the ICU were independent predictors for FS‐ICU/total score, while a telephone call at least once a day by an ICU doctor was related to family satisfaction for FS‐ICU/dm.

Conclusions

There was low overall family satisfaction with ICU care and virtual communication strategies adopted during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Efforts should be targeted for improving factors with virtual communication that cause low family satisfaction during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
The effect of liposomal bupivacaine for surgical wound infiltration: A meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Jiang Hua , Ma Qiong , Dong Jing , Ye Xin
Published: November 2022

Liposomal bupivacaine (LB) has consistently been considered a potential analgesic for surgical wound infiltration. However, the evidence of its analgesic effectiveness remains unclear. In this meta‐analysis, we attempted to identify the potential clinical role of LB wound infiltration in different surgical procedures. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing LB with non‐liposomal local anaesthetics and placebos were retrieved from six electronic databases. The primary outcome was cumulative morphine equivalent consumption within 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery. Approximately 2659 patients from 22 studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Compared to the control, LB‐wound infiltration did not reduce the postoperative morphine consumption at 24 hours (weighted mean difference [WMD], −0.60 mg; 97.5% confidence interval [CI], −2.78 to 1.59 mg; P = 0.54), 48 hours (WMD, −1.00 mg; 97.5% CI, −3.23 to 1.24; P = 0.32) or 72 hours (WMD, 0.50 mg; 97.5% CI, −0.67 to 1.67; P = 0.33). Similarly, secondary outcome analysis did not reveal any additional benefits of LB in any other pain‐related outcomes. LB was not associated with any adverse effects. Overall, LB does not appear to improve the postoperative analgesic, rehabilitation, or safety outcomes. Current evidence does not support the routine use of LB for wound infiltration following surgical procedures.
Nurse–patient interaction during the Covid‐19 pandemic: Creating and maintaining an interactive space for care
Authors: Petry Heidi , Pelzelmayer Katharina , Ernst Jutta , Thuerlimann Eva , Naef Rahel
Published: November 2022

Aims

To explore nurse–patient interactions during the Covid‐19 pandemic from both nurses' and patients' perspectives.

Design

Qualitative study using constructive grounded theory.

Methods

A total of 34 patients and 49 nurses from acute and home care settings participated in individual or focus group interviews between December 2020 and May 2021. Data were analysed by a team of researchers using coding, memo‐writing, theoretical sampling and constant comparison and integration.

Results

We identified the creation and maintenance of an interactive space as the main social process. This interactive space was shaped by the care context and the course of the pandemic. For nurses, four factors were key, namely protecting oneself and others, navigating communication barriers, adapting nursing actions to the evolving situation, and providing emotional care work. Patients experienced attentive caring relationships with nurses and felt that, for the most part, their individual needs had been met despite the pandemic challenges.

Conclusion

Nurses and patients created an interactive space in which they were able to provide and receive the necessary care. Maintaining the interactive space was often challenging, and required an intentional effort by nurses, particularly in acute care settings. The findings illustrate that nurses ensured the provision of necessary care even during a public health crisis, thereby enabling patient access to good quality care.

Impact

Nurse–patient relationships are important for effective, person‐centred care delivery. Despite the pandemic challenges, nurses managed to uphold their caring imperative and ensure quality care. Findings provide further insights on the importance of nurse–patient interaction in maintaining quality care. They inform models of nursing care delivery and strategies to support quality care during public health crises.