bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discrimination of Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, and Shigella sonnei using lipid profiling by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry paired with machine learning
Authors: Pizzato Jade , Tang Wenhao , Bernabeu Sandrine , Bonnin Rémy A. , Bille Emmanuelle , Farfour Eric , Guillard Thomas , Barraud Olivier , Cattoir Vincent , Plouzeau Chloe , Corvec Stéphane , Shahrezaei Vahid , Dortet Laurent , Larrouy‐Maumus Gerald
Published: August 2022

Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) has become a staple in clinical microbiology laboratories. Protein‐profiling of bacteria using this technique has accelerated the identification of pathogens in diagnostic workflows. Recently, lipid profiling has emerged as a way to complement bacterial identification where protein‐based methods fail to provide accurate results. This study aimed to address the challenge of rapid discrimination between Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. using MALDI‐TOF MS in the negative ion mode for lipid profiling coupled with machine learning. Both E. coli and Shigella species are closely related; they share high sequence homology, reported for 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between E. coli and Shigella spp. exceeding 99%, and a similar protein expression pattern but are epidemiologically distinct. A bacterial collection of 45 E. coli, 48 Shigella flexneri, and 62 Shigella sonnei clinical isolates were submitted to lipid profiling in negative ion mode using the MALDI Biotyper Sirius® system after treatment with mild‐acid hydrolysis (acetic acid 1% v/v for 15 min at 98°C). Spectra were then analyzed using our in‐house machine learning algorithm and top‐ranked features used for the discrimination of the bacterial species. Here, as a proof‐of‐concept, we showed that lipid profiling might have the potential to differentiate E. coli from Shigella species using the analysis of the top five ranked features obtained by MALDI‐TOF MS in the negative ion mode of the MALDI Biotyper Sirius® system. Based on this new approach, MALDI‐TOF MS analysis of lipids might help pave the way toward these goals.
Accelerated sequences of 4D flow MRI using GRAPPA and compressed sensing: A comparison against conventional MRI and computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Garreau Morgane , Puiseux Thomas , Toupin Solenn , Giese Daniel , Mendez Simon , Nicoud Franck , Moreno Ramiro
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To evaluate hemodynamic markers obtained by accelerated GRAPPA (R = 2, 3, 4) and compressed sensing (R = 7.6) 4D flow MRI sequences under complex flow conditions.

Methods

The accelerated 4D flow MRI scans were performed on a pulsatile flow phantom, along with a nonaccelerated fully sampled k‐space acquisition. Computational fluid dynamics simulations based on the experimentally measured flow fields were conducted for additional comparison. Voxel‐wise comparisons (Bland–Altman analysis, ‐norm metric), as well as nonderived quantities (velocity profiles, flow rates, and peak velocities), were used to compare the velocity fields obtained from the different modalities.

Results

4D flow acquisitions and computational fluid dynamics depicted similar hemodynamic patterns. Voxel‐wise comparisons between the MRI scans highlighted larger discrepancies at the voxels located near the phantom's boundary walls. A trend for all MR scans to overestimate velocity profiles and peak velocities as compared to computational fluid dynamics was noticed in regions associated with high velocity or acceleration. However, good agreement for the flow rates was observed, and eddy‐current correction appeared essential for consistency of the flow rates measurements with respect to the principle of mass conservation.

Conclusion

GRAPPA (R = 2, 3) and highly accelerated compressed sensing showed good agreement with the fully sampled acquisition. Yet, all 4D flow MRI scans were hampered by artifacts inherent to the phase‐contrast acquisition procedure. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are an interesting tool to assess these differences but are sensitive to modeling parameters.
Degradation of Edge‐Defined Film‐Fed Silicon Glass–Glass Modules on Florida Rooftop After 22 Years
Authors: Colvin Dylan J. , Davis Kristopher O.
Published: August 2022

Thin silicon () adoption can provide significantly lower cost. Kerfless technologies provide thin wafers while preventing material from being wasted. Understanding how this family of processing influences module reliability is important. A set of four edge‐defined film‐fed growth (EFG) silicon modules from a ten‐module system in Florida is measured after 22 years of exposure. Power loss rates of 0.58–0.78% year−1are measured for three modules, while a rate of 1.32% is measured for a module with severe delamination and corrosion. Short‐circuit current degrades between 10.7% and 13.1% for all modules. The losses are primarily optical and recombination based; however, series and shunt resistance effects play a non‐negligible role. Pre‐existing recombination losses exist but are exacerbated via degradation. Optical losses in short‐circuit current are due in part to encapsulant yellowing. Electroluminescence (EL) images display the effects of processing on bulk quality by clearly showing lines of alternating brightness along the wafer length. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first article displaying suns– data, effective lifetime versus excess carrier density data, and module EL images for EFG silicon‐based modules.
Trees, forests, chickens, and eggs: when and why to prune trees in a random forest
Authors: Zhou Siyu , Mentch Lucas
Published: August 2022

Due to their long‐standing reputation as excellent off‐the‐shelf predictors, random forests (RFs) continue to remain a go‐to model of choice for applied statisticians and data scientists. Despite their widespread use, however, until recently, little was known about their inner workings and about which aspects of the procedure were driving their success. Very recently, two competing hypotheses have emerged–one based on interpolation and the other based on regularization. This work argues in favor of the latter by utilizing the regularization framework to reexamine the decades‐old question of whether individual trees in an ensemble ought to be pruned. Despite the fact that default constructions of RFs use near full depth trees in most popular software packages, here we provide strong evidence that tree depth should be seen as a natural form of regularization across the entire procedure. In particular, our work suggests that RFs with shallow trees are advantageous when the signal‐to‐noise ratio in the data is low. In building up this argument, we also critique the newly popular notion of “double descent” in RFs by drawing parallels to U‐statistics and arguing that the noticeable jumps in random forest accuracy are the result of simple averaging rather than interpolation.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Stimuli Responsive On/Off Switching of Cross‐Linked Hydroxyethyl Starch: A Smart Material for Intelligent Drug Delivery
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Azhar , Bashir Faheem , Abbas Azhar , Rizwan Muhammad
Published: August 2022

This study reports cross‐linking of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) using citric acid to from cross‐linked HES‐citrate. The HES‐citrate as obtained is characterized using FTIR and 1H NMR. The cross‐linked product HES‐citrate shows remarkable swelling in different media simulated to the physiological systems of human body, i.e., deionized water (DW), pH 6.8 and 7.4, and followed second order swelling kinetics. The HES‐citrate exhibits reversible swelling/deswelling in different combinations of stimuli, i.e., at pH 7.4 and 1.2, in DW and normal saline and in DW and ethanol which makes it a potential candidate for intelligent drug delivery. Therefore, cross‐linked product shows extraordinary stimuli‐responsiveness under different physiological conditions such as in presence electrolytes and solvents and at different temperatures. HES‐citrate‐based aceclofenac tablet is formulated that demonstrates sustained‐release under conditions mimicked to gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in terms of pH and transit time.
Consequences and coping: Investigating client, co‐worker and senior colleague incivility within veterinary practice
Authors: Irwin Amy , Silver‐MacMahon Helen , Wilcke Stephanie
Published: August 2022

Background

Workplace incivility is a workplace stressor with varying effects according to the status of the target and instigator. This study sought to examine veterinary staff's experiences of incivility from clients, co‐workers and senior colleagues.

Method

An online mixed‐measures survey gathered data from UK veterinary staff (n = 252, primarily veterinarians and nurses). Quantitative scales were used to collect data on incivility frequency, burnout, mental health, job satisfaction, turnover intention and key coping responses. Qualitative data expanded on preferred coping strategies.

Results

The impact of uncivil behaviour varied according to the source of the incivility and the status of the target. Senior colleague incivility predicted veterinarian turnover intention, whereas client incivility predicted burnout. Similarly, senior colleague incivility predicted job satisfaction for veterinary nurses. Seeking support was the most frequently reported coping strategy. The qualitative data illustrated strategies focused on calming the situation and management of self.

Limitations

The data are based on self‐reports and are subject to social desirability bias. The sample is limited to UK veterinary staff.

Conclusion

Veterinary staff are at risk of experiencing incivility, with varying impacts across job roles and incivility sources. A proactive system approach to incivility is recommended, encompassing support and procedural changes.
Ultra‐precise surface structuring in nanometer scale
Authors: Dormann Sebastian , Kosel Maximilian , Zontar Daniel , Brecher Christian
Published: August 2022

Manufacturing of large scale function‐alized and structured surfaces require special production processes and machines. Important criteria for those surfaces are the realized surface roughness and contour accuracy. Typical structures for optical applications with a high quality demand are V‐grooves, pyramidal and fresnel geometries. The initial mastering process is decisive for the quality in the consecutive replication processes like thermal‐ or UV‐Nanoimprint. Ultra‐precision diamond turning can be seen as one efficient methodology for the creation of large area structured drums with a high surface quality.
Culex pipiens distribution in Tunisia: Identification of suitable areas through Random Forest and MaxEnt approaches
Authors: Amdouni Jihane , Conte Annamaria , Ippoliti Carla , Candeloro Luca , Tora Susanna , Sghaier Soufien , Hassine Thameur Ben , Fakhfekh Emna Ayari , Savini Giovanni , Hammami Salah
Published: August 2022

Background

Tunisia has experienced several West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks since 1997. Yet, there is limited information on the spatial distribution of the main WNV mosquito vector Culex pipiens suitability at the national level.

Objectives

In the present study, our aim was to predict and evaluate the potential and current distribution of Cx. pipiens in Tunisia.

Methods

To this end, two species distribution models were used, i.e. MaxEnt and Random Forest. Occurrence records for Cx. pipiens were obtained from adult and larvae sampled in Tunisia from 2014 to 2017. Climatic and human factors were used as predictors to model the Cx. pipiens geographical distribution. Mean decrease accuracy and mean decrease Gini indices were calculated to evaluate the importance of the impact of different environmental and human variables on the probability distribution of Cx. pipiens.

Results

Suitable habitats were mainly distributed next to oases, in the north and eastern part of the country. The most important predictor was the population density in both models. The study found out that the governorates of Monastir, Nabeul, Manouba, Ariana, Bizerte, Gabes, Medenine and Kairouan are at highest epidemic risk.

Conclusions

The potential distribution of Cx. pipiens coincides geographically with the observed distribution of the disease in humans in Tunisia. Our study has the potential for driving control effort in the fight against West Nile vector in Tunisia.
Chiral fiber supramolecular hydrogels for tissue engineering
Authors: Wang Xueqian , Feng Chuanliang
Published: August 2022

Tissue engineering (TE), as a new interdisciplinary discipline, aims to develop biological substitutes for repairing damaged tissues and organs. For the success of tissue regeneration, such biomaterials need to support the physiological activities of cells and allow the growth and maturation of tissues. Naturally, this regulation is achieved through the dynamic remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of cells. In recent years, chiral supramolecular hydrogels have shown higher application potential in the TE field than traditional polymer hydrogels due to their dynamic noncovalent interactions, adjustable self‐assembly structure, and good biocompatibility. These advantages make it possible to construct hydrogels under physiological conditions with structure and function similar to those of the natural ECM. Meanwhile, the chiral characteristics of hydrogels play an important role in regulating cellular activities such as differentiation, adhesion, and proliferation, which is beneficial for tissue formation. In this review, a brief introduction is presented to highlight the importance of chiral fiber supramolecular hydrogels for TE at first. Afterward, the considerations for chiral supramolecular hydrogel design, as well as the influence of external stimuli on chiral hydrogel construction, are discussed. Finally, the potential application prospects of these materials in TE and the significant contribution made by our group in this field are summarized. This review not only helps to reveal the importance of chiral properties in TE but also provides new strategies for TE research based on chiral bionic microenvironments.

This article is categorized under:

Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement

Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Peptide‐Based Structures

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Problematic Use of Social Networking Sites Among Adolescents in the Czech Republic Versus Offline Risk Behaviour and Parental Control
Authors: Tomczyk Łukasz , Szotkowski René , Stošić Lazar , Maksimović Jelena , Počuča Milan
Published: August 2022

The Problematic Use (PU) of Social Networking Sites (SNS) is a diagnostic and preventive as well as educational challenge. Problematic Use of new media is currently a phenomenon discussed by psychologists, sociologists, and media educators in the field of diagnosing the scale of the phenomenon, as well as protective factors and risks related to this phenomenon. This text is part of the debate on the scale of SNS among young people, as well as on the role of parents in reducing this phenomenon. The text also juxtaposes issues related to the prediction of PU SNS and risk behaviours in the offline space. The study employed a triangulation of quantitative tools in the form of: frequency of SNS use, parental control online, and scale of psychoactive substance use. Based on the data collected among a group of adolescents in the Czech Republic (N = 531 individuals aged 13–19 years, study year 2018/2019), it was noted that: 1) Almost 75% of adolescents systematically use SNS before bedtime; 2) Every fifth adolescent consumes dinner daily or almost daily accompanied by SNS; 3) Less than a third of respondents use SNS almost continuously; 4) SNS UI indicators are mutually related; however, the relationship is not always strong; 5) Girls have a slightly higher level of PU SNS than boys; 6) Systematic alcohol consumption is a predictor of PU SNS; 7) Parental restriction of Internet use time leads to a reduction in PU SNS among adolescents.
Educational Digital Storytelling: Empowering Students to Shape Their Future
Authors: Parola Anna , Di Fuccio Raffaele , Somma Federica , Miglino Orazio
Published: August 2022

Education digital storytelling (EDS) refers to digital storytelling in education. EDS is often presented as a technology-enhanced learning approach with powerful educational benefits. The use of EDS as a tool to support students to consider and pursue a meaningful life based on their interests, talents, and aspirations is spreading. Due to its nature, EDS could be an optimal tool to create and share digital stories to stimulate career plans. This paper deals with the educational uses of digital storytelling and presents an overview of how EDS can be used to support career guidance. It concludes with a brief description of the NEFELE Erasmus+ project that will implement tangible user interfaces (TUIs) in the classrooms to promote the EDS as a tool for career intervention.
$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 S-fold spectroscopy
Authors: Cesàro Mattia , Larios Gabriel , Varela Oscar
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We analyse the spectrum of Kaluza-Klein excitations above three distinct families of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 AdS4 solutions of type IIB supergravity of typically non-geometric, S-fold type that have been recently found. For all three families, we provide the complete algebraic structure of their spectra, including the content of OSp(4|1) multiplets at all Kaluza-Klein levels and their charges under the residual symmetry groups. We also provide extensive results for the multiplet dimensions using new methods derived from exceptional field theory, including complete, analytic results for one of the families. All three spectra show periodicity in the moduli that label the corresponding family of solutions. Finally, the compactness of these moduli is verified in some cases at the level of the fully-fledged type IIB uplifted solutions.
Electroweak renormalization based on gauge-invariant vacuum expectation values of non-linear Higgs representations. Part II. Extended Higgs sectors
Authors: Dittmaier Stefan , Rzehak Heidi
Published: August 2022

Abstract

A recently proposed scheme for a gauge-invariant treatment of tadpole corrections in spontaneously broken gauge theories — called Gauge-Invariant Vacuum expectation value Scheme (GIVS) — is applied to a singlet Higgs extension of the Standard Model and to the Two-Higgs Doublet Model. In contrast to previously used tadpole schemes, the GIVS unifies the gauge-invariance property with perturbative stability. For the Standard Model this was demonstrated for the conversion between on-shell and $$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

renormalized masses, where the GIVS leads to very moderate, gauge-independent electroweak corrections. In models with extended scalar sectors, issues with tadpole renormalization exist if Higgs mixing angles are renormalized with $$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

conditions, which is the major subject of this article. In detail, we first formulate non-linear representations of the extended scalar sectors, which is an interesting subject in its own right. Then we formulate the GIVS which employs these non-linear representations in the calculation of the tadpole renormalization constants, while actual higher-order calculations in the GIVS proceed in linear representations as usual. Finally, for the considered models we discuss the next-to-leading-order (electroweak and QCD) corrections to the decay processes h/H → WW/ZZ → 4 fermions of the CP-even neutral Higgs bosons h and H using $$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

-renormalized Higgs mixing angles with the GIVS and previously used tadpole treatments.
Higgs/amplitude mode dynamics from holography
Authors: Donos Aristomenis , Pantelidou Christiana
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Second order phase transitions are universally driven by an order parameter which becomes trivial at the critical point. At the same time, collective excitations which involve the amplitude of the order parameter develop a gap which smoothly closes to zero at criticality. We develop analytical techniques to study this “Higgs” mode in holographic systems which undergo a continuous phase transition at finite temperature and chemical potential. This allows us to study the linear response of the system at energy scales of the order of the gap. We express the Green’s functions of scalar operators in terms of thermodynamic quantities and a single transport coefficient which we fix in terms of black hole horizon data.
Impact of dosimetric factors on long-term percutaneous enteral gastrostomy (PEG) tube dependence in head and neck cancer patients after (chemo)radiotherapy—results from a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Löser Anastassia , Grohmann Maximilian , Finger Anna , Greinert Franziska , Krause Linda , Molwitz Isabel , Krüll Andreas , Petersen Cordula
Published: August 2022

Purpose/objective

To analyze dose–volume histogram (DVH)-derived data on the exposure of organs at risk with impact on long-term percutaneous enteral gastrostomy (PEG) tube dependence in head and neck cancer patients at 6 and 12 months after definitive or adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy.

Materials and methods

Sixty-one patients were prospectively treated with (chemo)radiotherapy. Prophylactic or reactive gastrostomy tube placement was performed in 41 (67.2%) patients. Dose–volume histogram parameters were obtained for the swallowing apparatus.

Results

Median follow-up time was 25 (2–34) months. Overall survival was shorter in patients with inlying PEG tubes at 6 and 12 months (log rankp = 0.038 andp = 0.017) after therapy completion. The estimated median time of tube dependency was 6 (95% confidence interval: 2–14) months. After 6 months, 46.5% of patients were tube dependent. After 12 months, this estimated proportion fell to 31.5%. For both time points, the volume to the larynx (in %) receiving at least 50 Gy (larynx V50Gy) exceeding 53% was predictive for long-term tube feeding (6 months:p = 0.041 and 12 months:p = 0.042) being an independent predictor during multivariable analysis. There was no clinical feature influencing tube dependence after 12 months.

Conclusion

Long-term gastrostomy dependence was found to be strongly associated with an exposure of laryngeal structures (specifically, V50Gy ≥ 53%) during radiotherapy. Consequently, the avoidance of supraglottic as well as glottic structures is warranted.
One-step extraction and determination of 513 psychoactive substances, drugs, and their metabolites from hair by LC–MS/MS
Authors: Musiał Jadwiga , Powierska-Czarny Jolanta , Czarny Jakub , Raczkowski Michał , Galant Natalia , Buszewski Bogusław , Gadzała-Kopciuch Renata
Published: August 2022

The emergence of new psychoactive substances on the market is a significant problem on a global scale. This type of substance in society is associated with many negative consequences, such as traffic accidents, accidents at work, rape, homicide, poisoning, or overdose deaths. The analysis of these substances in biological samples is very important for further legal action and saving lives. Therefore, laboratories face a tremendous challenge in tackling the evolving drug market. The paper describes the optimization of the analytical LC–MS/MS method to identify and determine 513 psychoactive substances in hair samples. A method of chromatographic separation was developed, and the working parameters of the mass spectrometer were selected for each analyte. The method has been validated, and the results are as follows: the limit of quantification of the developed method ranges from 0.025 to 1.25 ng/mg hair. The mean recovery of the tested analytes ranges from 80 to 120%. The achieved coefficient of variation in within-run precision ranged from 1.05 to 19.99%. The results achieved for BIAS are in the range of ± 20%.
Phenolic and colour characteristics of must and wine obtained from red grapes treated by pulsed electric fields. Efficacy of PEF to reduce maceration time in elaboration of red wines
Authors: López-Giral N. , López R. , Santamaría P. , González-Arenzana L. , Garde-Cerdán T.
Published: August 2022

Pulsed electric fields effect was studied on the physico-chemical and general phenolic composition as colour characteristics and stilbene content in must and wine. For this purpose, a continuous pulsed electric fields equipment was used to treat three red grape varieties of DOCa Rioja. Graciano, Tempranillo and Grenache wines from these grapes were elaborated with different maceration times, 2 days in the untreated sample (control) and the PEF-treated sample (PEF), and normal maceration time in another untreated sample (control-NM). Parameters as colour intensity, anthocyanin content, total polyphenol index and tannin content showed no differences between the PEF sample with 2 days of maceration and the control-NM sample, except in the case of Tempranillo wines. Total stilbenes, trans-resveratrol and trans-piceid of Graciano wines elaborated from PEF samples showed a higher concentration than the control wines. Alternatively, PEF wines and control-NM wines showed no differences between them. Tempranillo variety wines presented no differences between the three types of samples. In the Grenache variety, only trans-piceid levels showed differences between control and PEF wines. Moreover, relationship between must and wine characteristics was evaluated and compared between different samples. The trend lines obtained for the CI, TPI and AC parameters for samples of Graciano, Tempranillo and Garnacha indicate that the initial content of compounds extracted significantly affected the days of maceration necessary to obtain the appropriate wine. The results obtained increase the knowledge of pulsed electric fields as a technology available for use in the winery to elaborate red wines with reduced maceration time.
Comparison of online health information between different digital platforms for pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Hüsch Tanja , Ober Sita , Haferkamp Axel , Naumann Gert , Tunn Ralf , Saar Matthias , Kranz Jennifer
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To identify differences in the content and quality of online health information for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) presented in social media and digital search engines to sustainably enhance patient guidance for adequate platforms for seeking online health information on POP.

Methods

The platforms Google search, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, and YouTube were searched for the keyword “pelvic organ prolapse”. Results were categorized as useful, misleading, advertising, and personal experience. Data were categorized into healthcare professionals, professional organisations, industry, patients, and individuals. The readability score and Health On the Net (HON) code seal were analyzed for Google. Descriptive and univariate analysis was performed.

Results

The source with the highest quantity of useful content was YouTube whereas LinkedIn included mostly advertisement and misleading content. YouTube and Google provided the greatest variety of health information. Social media platforms identified emotional distress and sleep disturbances as a common side effect of POP which is limited considered in clinical practice and provide novel insights of bothersome symptoms related to the disease. The spectrum of different surgical techniques was limited in all platforms. Only 12 (40.0%) were HON-qualified websites with a mean readability score of 10.4 which is considered fairly difficult to read.

Conclusion

Besides Google search, YouTube was identified as a valuable online source for POP information. However, encompassing information of surgical techniques was limited in all platforms. Urogynecological association may contribute to improve patient information by providing online health information which is complete and easy to understand.
Contactless pressure measurement of an underwater shock wave in a microtube using a high-resolution background-oriented schlieren technique
Authors: Yamamoto Shota , Shimazaki Takaaki , Franco-Gómez Andrés , Ichihara Sayaka , Yee Jingzu , Tagawa Yoshiyuki
Published: August 2022

A high-resolution background-oriented schlieren (BOS) technique, which utilizes a high-resolution camera and a microdot background pattern, is proposed and used to measure the pressure field of an underwater shock wave in a microtube. The propagation of the shock wave subsequently reaches a concave water–air interface set in the microtube resulting in the ejection of a focused microjet. This high spatial-resolution BOS technique can measure the pressure field of a shock front with a width as narrow as the order of only $$10^1\,\upmu$$

10
1

μ

m with a peak pressure as large as almost 3 MPa. This significant breakthrough has enabled the simultaneous measurement of the pressure impulse of the shock front and the velocity of the microjet tip. As a result, we have experimentally observed the linear relation between the velocity of the microjet tip and the pressure impulse of the shock front for the cases without secondary cavitation in the liquid bulk. Such relation was theoretically/numerically predicted by Peters et al. (J Fluid Mech 719:587–605, 2013). This study demonstrated the capability of the proposed high-resolution BOS technique as a microscale contactless pressure measurement tool for underwater shock waves and potentially other micro- and nanofluids.

Graphical abstract
A CNN-based surrogate model of isogeometric analysis in nonlocal flexoelectric problems
Authors: Wang Qimin , Zhuang Xiaoying
Published: August 2022

We proposed a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based surrogate model to predict the nonlocal response for flexoelectric structures with complex topologies. The input, i.e. the binary images, for the CNN is obtained by converting geometries into pixels, while the output comes from simulations of an isogeometric (IGA) flexoelectric model, which in turn exploits the higher-order continuity of the underlying non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) basis functions to fast computing of flexoelectric parameters, e.g., electric gradient, mechanical displacement, strain, and strain gradient. To generate the dataset of porous flexoelectric cantilevers, we developed a NURBS trimming technique based on the IGA model. As for CNN construction, the key factors were optimized based on the IGA dataset, including activation functions, dropout layers, and optimizers. Then the cross-validation was conducted to test the CNN’s generalization ability. Last but not least, the potential of the CNN performance has been explored under different model output sizes and the corresponding possible optimal model layout is proposed. The results can be instructive for studies on deep learning of other nonlocal mech-physical simulations.
Fast mechanisms linking the Labrador Sea with subtropical Atlantic overturning
Authors: Kostov Yavor , Messias Marie-José , Mercier Herlé , Johnson Helen L. , Marshall David P.
Published: August 2022

We use an ocean general circulation model and its adjoint to analyze the causal chain linking sea surface buoyancy anomalies in the Labrador Sea to variability in the deep branch of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) on inter-annual timescales. Our study highlights the importance of the North Atlantic Current (NAC) for the north-to-south connectivity in the AMOC and for the meridional transport of Lower North Atlantic Deep Water (LNADW). We identify two mechanisms that allow the Labrador Sea to impact velocities in the LNADW layer. The first mechanism involves a passive advection of surface buoyancy anomalies from the Labrador Sea towards the eastern subpolar gyre by the background NAC. The second mechanism plays a dominant role and involves a dynamical response of the NAC to surface density anomalies originating in the Labrador Sea; the NAC adjustment modifies the northward transport of salt and heat and exerts a strong positive feedback, amplifying the upper ocean buoyancy anomalies. The two mechanisms spin up/down the subpolar gyre on a timescale of years, while boundary trapped waves rapidly communicate this signal to the subtropics and trigger an adjustment of LNADW transport on a timescale of months. The NAC and the eastern subpolar gyre play an essential role in both mechanisms linking the Labrador Sea with LNADW transport variability and the subtropical AMOC. We thus reconcile two apparently contradictory paradigms about AMOC connectivity: (1) Labrador Sea buoyancy anomalies drive AMOC variability; (2) water mass transformation is largest in the eastern subpolar gyre.
Der Rolle der DNA-Schadensantwort bei granulomatösen Erkrankungen
Authors: Fabry Lea A. R. , Triantafyllopoulou Antigoni
Published: August 2022

Granulome sind organisierte Aggregate von Immunzellen, die sich infolge eines persistierenden Stimulus bilden und bei verschiedenen rheumatischen Erkrankungen zu finden sind. Zentraler Bestandteil von Granulomen ist eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Makrophagensubtypen. Darunter befinden sich auch multinukleäre Makrophagen, die mehrere Zellkerne aufweisen. Die genauen Mechanismen, welche die Granulomentstehung vermitteln, sind bislang noch nicht vollständig aufgeklärt. Neuere Daten zeigen jedoch, dass die DNA-Schadensantwort eine relevante Rolle bei der Entstehung multinukleärer Makrophagen und damit bei der Bildung von Granulomen spielen könnte.
Reproducibility of the energy metabolism response to an oral glucose tolerance test: influence of a postcalorimetric correction procedure
Authors: Alcantara Juan M. A. , Sanchez-Delgado Guillermo , Jurado-Fasoli Lucas , Galgani Jose E. , Labayen Idoia , Ruiz Jonatan R.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Metabolic flexibility (MetF), which is a surrogate of metabolic health, can be assessed by the change in the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We aimed to determine the day-to-day reproducibility of the energy expenditure (EE) and RER response to an OGTT, and whether a simulation-based postcalorimetric correction of metabolic cart readouts improves day-to-day reproducibility.

Methods

The EE was assessed (12 young adults, 6 women, 27 ± 2 years old) using an Omnical metabolic cart (Maastricht Instruments, Maastricht, The Netherlands) after an overnight fast (12 h) and after a 75-g oral glucose dose on 2 separate days (48 h). On both days, we assessed EE in 7 periods (one 30-min baseline and six 15-min postprandial). The ICcE was performed immediately after each recording period, and capillary glucose concentration (using a digital glucometer) was determined.

Results

We observed a high day-to-day reproducibility for the assessed RER (coefficients of variation [CV] < 4%) and EE (CVs < 9%) in the 7 different periods. In contrast, the RER and EE areas under the curve showed a low day-to-day reproducibility (CV = 22% and 56%, respectively). Contrary to our expectations, the postcalorimetric correction procedure did not influence the day-to-day reproducibility of the energy metabolism response, possibly because the Omnical’s accuracy was ~ 100%.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that the energy metabolism response to an OGTT is poorly reproducible (CVs > 20%) even using a very accurate metabolic cart. Furthermore, the postcalorimetric correction procedure did not influence the day-to-day reproducibility.

Trial registration NCT04320433; March 25, 2020.
Diving ergospirometry with suspended weights: breathing- and fin-swimming style matter
Authors: Koch Andreas , Kramkowski Dennis , Holzum Mattes , Kähler Wataru , Klapa Sebastian , Rieger Bente , Weisser Burkhard , Schipke Jochen D.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Scuba diving is a complex condition including elevated ambient pressure, limited air supply, increased breathing work, and unfamiliar fin-swimming. Earlier approaches to assess diving specific data did not comprehensively address these aspects. We first present an underwater ergospirometry system and then test the hypothesis that both breathing characteristics and fin-swimming style affect the air consumption.

Methods/Participants

A suspended-weights ergospirometry system was mounted inside a hyperbaric chamber. Ergo group: 25 divers (24.6 ± 4.1 years); three set-ups: dry normobaric cycling (75–225 W), dry cycling at 20 m simulated depth (75–225 W), fin-swimming at 20 m (5–8 kg suspended weights). Style group: 20 other divers (24.6 ± 4.1 years): fin-swimming at 20 m (5–8 kg) with regard to ventilation ($$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

E) and fin-swimming style.

Results

Ergo group: linear heart rate and oxygen uptake ($$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

O2) increases with both 50 W-bicycle steps and suspended-weights ergometry (r = 0.97). During hyperbaric conditions, $$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

E was less increased versus normobaric conditions. Style group: the more efficient hip/thigh-oriented style shifted towards the knee/calf-oriented style. $$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

E and $$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

O2 were higher in beginners (< 100 dives) versus advanced divers (≥ 100 dives). Significant differences on the 5 kg-step: $$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

E: 31.5 ± 7.1 l/min vs. 23.7 ± 5.9 l/min and $$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

O2: 1.6 ± 0.3 l/min vs. 1.2 ± 0.3 l/min. A comparison is presented, in addition to illustrate the impact of differences in breathing characteristics and fin-swimming style.

Conclusions

Diving ergospirometry with suspended weights in a hyperbaric chamber allows for comprehensive studies. Little diving experience in terms of breathing characteristics and fin-swimming style significantly increases $$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

E thereby increasing the risk of running-out-of-air.
Usefulness of CT scan as part of an institutional protocol for proactive leakage management after low anterior resection for rectal cancer
Authors: Talboom K. , van Helsdingen C. P. M. , Abdelrahman S. , Derikx J. P. M. , Tanis P. J. , Hompes R.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Highly selective fecal diversion after low anterior resection (LAR) for rectal cancer requires a strict postoperative protocol for early detection of anastomotic leakage (AL). The purpose of this study was to evaluate C-reactive protein (CRP)–based CT imaging in diagnosis and subsequent management of AL.

Methods

All patients that underwent a CT scan for suspicion of AL after transanal total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer in a university center (2015–2020) were included. Outcome parameters were diagnostic yield of CT and timing of CT and subsequent intervention.

Results

Forty-four out of 125 patients underwent CT (35%) with an overall median interval of 5 h (IQR 3–6) from CRP measurement. The anastomosis was diverted in 7/44 (16%). CT was conclusive or highly suspicious for AL in 23, with confirmed AL in all those patients (yield 52%), and was false-negative in one patient (sensitivity 96%). CT initiated subsequent intervention after median 6 h (IQR 3–25). There was no or minor suspicion of AL on imaging in all 20 patients without definitive diagnosis of AL. After CT imaging on day 2, AL was confirmed in 0/1, and these proportions were 6/6 for day 3, 7/10 for day 4, 2/4 for day 5, and 9/23 beyond day 5.

Conclusion

In the setting of an institutional policy of highly selective fecal diversion and pro-active leakage management, the yield of selective CT imaging using predefined CRP cut-off values was 52% with a sensitivity of 96%, enabling timely and tailored intervention after a median of 6 h from imaging.
Asparagus officinalis combined with paclitaxel exhibited synergistic anti-tumor activity in paclitaxel-sensitive and -resistant ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Jiandong , Fan Yali , Zhao Ziyi , Paraghamian Sarah E. , Hawkins Gabrielle M. , Buckingham Lindsey , O’Donnell Jillian , Hao Tianran , Suo Hongyan , Yin Yajie , Sun Wenchuan , Kong Weimin , Sun Delin , Zhao Luyu , Zhou Chunxiao , Bae-Jump Victoria L.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Although paclitaxel is a promising first-line chemotherapeutic drug for ovarian cancer, acquired resistance to paclitaxel is one of the leading causes of treatment failure, limiting its clinical application. Asparagus officinalis has been shown to have anti-tumorigenic effects on cell growth, apoptosis, cellular stress and invasion of various types of cancer cells and has also been shown to synergize with paclitaxel to inhibit cell proliferation in ovarian cancer.

Methods

Human ovarian cancer cell lines MES and its PTX-resistant counterpart MES-TP cell lines were used and were treated with Asparagus officinalis and paclitaxel alone as well as in combination. Cell proliferation, cellular stress, invasion and DMA damage were investigated and the synergistic effect of a combined therapy analyzed.

Results

In this study, we found that Asparagus officinalis combined with low-dose paclitaxel synergistically inhibited cell proliferation, induced cellular stress and apoptosis and reduced cell invasion in paclitaxel-sensitive and -resistant ovarian cancer cell lines. The combined treatment effects were dependent on DNA damage pathways and suppressing microtubule dynamics, and the AKT/mTOR pathway and microtubule-associated proteins regulated the inhibitory effect through different mechanisms in paclitaxel-sensitive and -resistant cells.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the combination of Asparagus officinalis and paclitaxel have potential clinical implications for development as a novel ovarian cancer treatment strategy.
The incidence of severe oral mucositis in patients undergoing different conditioning regimens in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Nakagaki Midori , Kennedy Glen A. , Gavin Nicole C. , Clavarino Alexandra , Whitfield Karen
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Oral mucositis is a common complication during haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This study aimed to assess the incidence of severe mucositis in patients undergoing different HSCT regimens.

Methods

This single-centre retrospective study reviewed daily oral assessment for 467 consecutive patients who underwent different transplant regimens for matched unrelated or related allogeneic HSCT with post-transplant methotrexate, haploidentical or mismatched HSCT with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy), or autologous HSCT. Oral care and cryotherapy with melphalan were used. Patient demographic data, oral mucositis WHO grade, use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) were collected.

Results

Grade 3–4 oral mucositis was common in myeloablative total body irradiation (TBI)-based regimens cyclophosphamide/ TBI (CyTBI) (71%) and fludarabine/ TBI (FluTBI) with PTCy (46%), as well as reduced-intensity fludarabine/melphalan (FluMel) (43%) and carmustine/etoposide/cytarabine/melphalan (BEAM) autologous HSCT (41%). In contrast, grade 3–4 oral mucositis was less common in reduced-intensity haploidentical regimen melphalan/fludarabine/TBI with PTCy (19%), all non-myeloablative regimens (0–9%) and high-dose melphalan autologous HSCT (26%). TPN and PCA use were correlated to oral mucositis severity.

Conclusions

Severe oral mucositis was associated with myeloablative TBI, methotrexate and melphalan in combination with methotrexate and in BEAM. Use of PTCy was preferable over methotrexate to prevent oral mucositis.
Symmetry and monotonicity results for solutions of semilinear PDEs in sector-like domains
Authors: Gladiali Francesca , Greco Antonio
Published: August 2022

In this paper we consider semilinear PDEs, with a convex nonlinearity, in a sector-like domain. Using cylindrical coordinates $$(r, \theta , z)$$

(
r
,
θ
,
z
)

, we investigate the shape of possibly sign-changing solutions whose derivative in $$\theta$$
θ
vanishes at the boundary. We prove that any solution with Morse index less than two must be either independent of $$\theta$$
θ
or strictly monotone with respect to $$\theta$$
θ
. In the special case of a planar domain, the result holds in a circular sector as well as in an annular one, and it can also be extended to a rectangular domain. The corresponding problem in higher dimensions is also considered, as well as an extension to unbounded domains. The proof is based on a rotating-plane argument: a convenient manifold is introduced in order to avoid overlapping the domain with its reflected image in the case where its opening is larger than $$\pi$$
π
.
Formal and relational governance of artificial intelligence outsourcing
Authors: Beulen Erik , Plugge Albert , van Hillegersberg Jos
Published: August 2022

Outsourcing emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) are expected to impact organisations significantly, due to a tight labour market for AI expertise. However, how formal and relational governance effects Information Systems suppliers who provide AI services has not been studied. Based on an exploratory research amongst eight suppliers and two market research advisors, we conducted 18 expert interviews and found evidence how formal contractual and relational governance affects AI outsourcing. The results indicate various forms of contractual models in which some cater for clients’ needs specifically, e.g. outcome-based, experience-driven Service Level Agreements (SLAs). Our examination provides insights that formal and relational Information Systems (IS) outsourcing governance are complementary in cases where clients and suppliers co-develop AI. For our research, we adapted the outsourcing governance model of Lioliou et al. (Inf Syst J 24:503–535, 2014), including their emphasis on the psychological contract. We contribute to IS outsourcing literature by exploring, beyond contract management insights, differences between suppliers in providing AI services. Our study acknowledges that AI outsourcing shift the emphasis from a transactional type of arrangement to a relational type of outsourcing arrangement. In addition, the combination of both formal and relational governance mechanisms positively contributes to IS governance. Our study also confirms that the innovative character of AI positively contributes to the psychological contract in outsourcing AI.
Regenerative agriculture and a more-than-human ethic of care: a relational approach to understanding transformation
Authors: Seymour Madison , Connelly Sean
Published: August 2022

A growing body of literature argues that achieving radical change in the agri-food system requires a radical renegotiation of our relationship with the environment alongside a change in our thinking and approach to transformational food politics. This paper argues that relational approaches such as a more-than-human ethic of care (MTH EoC) can offer a different and constructive perspective to analyse agri-food system transformation because it emphasises social structures and relationships as the basis of environmental change. A MTH EoC has not yet been applied to regenerative agriculture, yet other literature on regenerative agriculture suggests that care may be present in these spaces and calls for the need for social science analysis of the regenerative movement. This paper uses a MTH EoC lens to reveal a diverse array of ways in which power is and can be deployed for change in the regenerative agriculture movement in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Globally, regenerative agriculture tends to be analysed through positivist, scientific approaches that focus on biophysical markers of ecological improvement. Yet, a relational approach reveals how engagement in regenerative agriculture is creating significant shifts in mindset towards more holistic and relational understandings of biological and social ecosystems. A regenerative mindset framework is suggested as a method of understanding the connection between a regenerative form of thinking, being and doing for farmers. Interviews suggested that this shift in farmers’ socio-ecological relations is crucial to the transformational potential of regenerative agriculture. This paper argues that relational analyses such as the MTH EoC approach used to analyse regenerative agriculture in this research, refresh the way we analyse agri-food system change. They also are critical to guiding and supporting on-the-ground socio-ecological shifts that are necessary to see agricultural transformation.