bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Religiosity and Sustainable Practices in Small to Medium-Sized Businesses: A Mixed-Method Analysis
Authors: Wisker Zazli Lily , Muniapan Balakrishnan , Rosinaite Vikinta
Published: June 2023

This study aims to examine the effect of religiosity in on businessesâ€™ corporate social responsibility in small to medium-sized companies adopting a mixed-method approach. It further examines the differences between three religions, namely Christian, Islam and Hinduism. Quantitative data was collected from 251 business owners, partners, and senior managers from small to medium-sized businesses in the North Island of New Zealand. The relationship between religious belief and corporate social responsibility was significant and was in a positive direction. We further collected qualitative data from seven participants to support quantitative findings. As predicted, the study found no significant differences among the three different sets of religious beliefs on the businessesâ€™ sustainable practices. Ultimately, discussion and practical implications are discussed.
„Politik hat große Bringschuld“
Authors: Schirmacher Henrike
Published: June 2023

Berlin. Mit seiner Unzufriedenheit über die aktuelle Agrar- und Ernährungspolitik der Bundesregierung hält CDU-Politiker und DRV-Präsident Franz-Josef Holzenkamp nicht hinterm Berg. In Bundesforschungsministerin Bettina Stark-Watzinger sieht er aber offenbar eine Verbündete.
Milchanlieferungen gehen zurück
Authors: Lenz Frank
Published: June 2023

Göttingen. Die Saisonspitze der Milchanlieferung in Deutschland ist überschritten. Vor allem in den ostdeutschen Bundesländern ist der Rückgang deutlicher als in anderen Regionen.
SO SÁNH ĐỘ CHÍNH XÁC CỦA VIỆC ĐÁNH GIÁ CHỈ SỐ HUYẾT THANH HỌC BẰNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP CẢM QUAN THỊ GIÁC QUA BẢNG MÀU VỚI PHƯƠNG PHÁP PHÂN TÍCH TỰ ĐỘNG TRÊN MÁY SINH HÓA - MIỄN DỊCH
Authors: Lương Trần Thanh Duy , Lê Dương Hoàng Huy , Nguyễn Hữu Ngọc Tuấn , Nguyễn Minh Hà
Published: June 2023

Giới thiệu: Chỉ số huyết thanh học được đánh giá bằng cảm quan thị giác tuy đơn giản, ít tốn kém, sử dụng tại nhiều phòng xét nghiệm nhưng rất chủ quan và độ chính xác chưa được xác thực. Việc xác định độ chính xác của phương pháp đánh giá bằng mắt và bằng máy là cần thiết để quản lý chất lượng mẫu tiền phân tích. Mục tiêu: Xác định độ chính xác của việc đánh giá chỉ số tán huyết (H), chỉ số vàng huyết thanh do tăng bilirubin (I) và chỉ số đục huyết thanh do tăng lipid máu (L) ở các mức nồng độ, bằng phương pháp cảm quan thị giác qua bảng màu so với phương pháp phân tích tự động trên máy sinh hoá-miễn dịch Architect Ci8200 (Abbott). Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: 420 mẫu huyết thanh được thu thập từ 07/2020 đến 11/2020 tại khoa Xét Nghiệm, bệnh viện Nguyễn Tri Phương. Mẫu được đánh giá ba chỉ số huyết thanh song song bằng hai phương pháp cảm quan thị giác và bằng máy. Các kết quả được ghi nhận độc lập. Độ chính xác của hai phương pháp được đánh giá bằng các chỉ số: độ chính xác, độ nhạy, độ đặc hiệu, giá trị dự báo dương, giá trị dự báo âm. Kết quả: Trong 420 mẫu, có 121 mẫu không có chỉ số huyết thanh nào (28,8%), 260 mẫu có một chỉ số huyết thanh (61,9%) và 39 mẫu có nhiều hơn một chỉ số huyết thanh (9,3%). Đối với nhóm mẫu chỉ có một chỉ số huyết thanh: độ chính xác khi phân biệt giữa mức "có và không có" (0-1234) giữa phương pháp cảm quan thị giác và hệ thống máy cho chỉ số H, I và L lần lượt là 0,87; 0,72; 0,84. Đối với chỉ số H, độ chính xác giữa hai phương pháp ở các mức nồng độ 0-1; 1-2, 2-3, 3-4 lần lượt là 0,86; 0,76; 0,59; 0,53. Đối với chỉ số I, độ chính xác giữa hai phương pháp ở các mức nồng độ 0-1; 1-2, 2-3, 3-4 lần lượt là 0,72; 0,58; 0,50; 0,40. Đối với chỉ số L, độ chính xác giữa hai phương pháp ở các mức nồng độ 0-1; 1-2, 2-3, 3-4 lần lượt là 0,84; 0,57; 0,33; 0,50. Đối với mẫu có hai chỉ số trở lên, do sự tương tác của các chỉ số trong cùng mẫu, không xác định được độ chính xác giữa hai phương pháp. Kết luận: So với phương pháp đánh giá tự động bằng máy phương pháp đánh giá các chỉ số huyết thanh học bằng cảm quan thị giác có độ chính xác tốt trong việc phân biệt mẫu có hoặc không có chỉ số huyết thanh. Ở các mức nồng độ khác nhau đối với cùng chỉ số huyết thanh, phương pháp cảm quan thị giác ít chính xác trong việc phân loại.
KIẾN THỨC, THÁI ĐỘ, THỰC HÀNH VỀ DINH DƯỠNG TRONG ĐIỀU TRỊ UNG THƯ CỦA NGƯỜI BỆNH TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA TỈNH NAM ĐỊNH NĂM 2020
Authors: Vũ Văn Đẩu , Phạm Thị Thu Hiền
Published: June 2023

Mục tiêu: Mô tả nhận thức, thái độ, thực hành dinh dưỡng của bệnh nhân ung thư đang điều trị tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa tỉnh Nam Định. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang. Kết quả:  Kết quả nghiên cứu trên 232 bệnh nhân ung thư cho thấy đa số người bệnh ung thư là nữ (59,1%), và trên 60 tuổi (71,6%). Về kiến thức dinh dưỡng cho bệnh nhân ung thư: 80,2% cho rằng cần ăn đa dạng các loại thực phẩm; Phần lớn người bệnh đồng ý là không được sử dụng rượu bia hay thuốc lá (96,6%); số người bệnh không biết tác dụng của omega 3 hay EPA với người bệnh ung thư (67,7%). Có 52,6% có chế độ ăn hiện tại ít hơn so với lúc chưa bị bệnh, 15,9% đối tượng không ăn thịt đỏ, phần lớn người bệnh hay ăn đồ ăn được chế biến luộc, hấp chiếm 61,6%; Kết luận: Nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra rằng còn có một tỷ lệ cao bệnh nhân chưa có kiến thức, thái độ và thực hành đúng về chế độ dinh dưỡng dành cho bệnh nhân ung thư. Hầu hết bệnh nhân ung thư mong muốn được tư vấn về dinh dưỡng. Cán bộ y tế cần sát sao hơn trong công tác chăm sóc về chế độ dinh dưỡng cho bệnh nhân ung thư.
MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN Ở BỆNH NHÂN CHÓNG MẶT TƯ THẾ KỊCH PHÁT LÀNH TÍNH
Authors: Võ Hồng Khôi , Nguyễn Văn Quân , Võ Thế Nhân
Published: June 2023

Mục tiêu: Mô tả một số đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng và xác định một số yếu tố liên quan ở bệnh nhân chóng mặt tư thế kịch phát lành tính (BPPV). Đối tượng nghiên cứu: 48 bệnh nhân trong đó 23 bệnh nhân BPPV, 25 bệnh nhân không bị BPPV (là nhóm chứng) điều trị tại Khoa Nội - Bệnh viện đa khoa Cửa Đông từ tháng 2/2022 đến tháng 10/2022. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang phân tích. Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình của nhóm bệnh nhân BPPV là 66,50±12,30 tuổi, nữ giới chiếm 78,3%, tỷ lệ bệnh nhân có những đợt bệnh tái diễn trong tiền sử là 69,6%, chỉ số BMI trung bình là 22,37±1,60, điểm T-score trung bình là -2,73±0,71 điểm. Một số tiền sử và bệnh lý kèm theo thường gặp bao gồm: rối loạn lipid máu (60,9%), đái tháo đường týp 2 (43,5%), tăng huyết áp (44,0%), loãng xương (39,1%), rối loạn lo âu-trầm cảm (39,1%). Các yếu tố liên quan đến bệnh BPPV bao gồm: giới nữ (p=0,03, OR: 4,582), rối loạn lo âu-trầm cảm (p=0,046, OR: 4,714), chỉ số BMI (p=0,048), điểm T-score (p=0,035). Kết luận: Bệnh nhân BPPV có tỷ lệ nữ giới chiếm đa số (78,3%), có 69,6% bệnh nhân đã có nhiều đợt bệnh tái diễn trong tiền sử. Các yếu tố liên quan đến bệnh BPPV bao gồm: Giới nữ, rối loạn lo âu-trầm cảm, chỉ số BMI, điểm T-score.
A interação público-privada para construção habitacional na busca pelo desenvolvimento: a quem o Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida busca beneficiar?
Authors: Lima Neto Antonio Oliveira
Published: June 2023

A interação público-privada por meio do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida se mostra uma importante aliada na busca pelo desenvolvimento e concretização do direito à moradia. Esse Programa, criado com o objetivo de reduzir o déficit habitacional trouxe alguns problemas, os quais devem ser analisados para o melhor desenvolvimento das políticas públicas habitacionais. Por sua vez, as políticas públicas habitacionais, são de grande importância para o desenvolvimento econômico do Brasil. Contudo, não podem beneficiar determinado setor em detrimento do setor público e garantias constitucionais dos beneficiários do Programa. Tornando imperiosa uma reanálise do principal Programa de acesso à habitação da última década, sobretudo pela criação do novo programa governamental de combate ao déficit habitacional, para que esse não cometa os mesmos erros apresentados pelo Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida. O presente artigo será desenvolvido através em nível descritivo, através do método indutivo e comparativo em suas vertentes bibliográfica, virtual e documental.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN GIZI DAN TINGKAT SOSIAL EKONOMI DENGAN POLA KONSUMSI CAMILAN PADA PELAJAR DI KABUPATEN SUBANG
Authors: Yusuf Siska Hidayati Nur , Hermanto Restu Amalia , Harvika Aviani
Published: June 2023

Latar Belakang : Mengonsumsi camilan sering dikaitkan dengan hasil kesehatan yang tidak diinginkan jika mengonsumsi camilan tidak sesuai dengan rekomendasi yang dianjurkan. Konsumsi camilan direkomendasikan sebanyak 25% dari total asupan makan sehari. Konsumsi camilan di Indonesia meningkat 40% dari tahun 2017 hingga tahun 2020. Remaja lebih memilih makanan ringan berdasarkan rasa daripada kandungan gizinya, dan  remaja lebih sering memilih makanan asin dan renyah. Mengonsumsi camilan berdampak pada ketidakseimbangan asupan gizi remaja.

Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan gizi dan tingkat sosial ekonomi dengan pola konsumsi camilan pada pelajar.

Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Data pengetahuan gizi, tingkat sosial ekonomi dan pola konsumsi camilan diambil menggunakan kuesioner google formulir yang disebarkan ke seluruh pelajar di Kabupaten Subang. Jumlah subjek 154 subjek menggunakan metode consecutive sampling, analisis data menggunakan uji Mann Whitney Chi Square dan Continnuity Correction Chi Square. Kriteria insklusi dalam penelitian ini yaitu : subjek pelajar di Kabupaten Subang, subjek dengan usia 10 – 19 tahun, dan bersedia menjadi subjek.

Hasil : Tidak terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan gizi dengan pola konsumsi camilan (p > 0,05). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara tingkat sosial ekonomi dengan pola konsumsi camilan (p > 0,05).

Simpulan : Tidak ada hubungan pengetahuan gizi dan tingkat sosial ekonomi dengan pola konsumsi camilan.
ANALISIS PENGARUH MUTU SEKOLAH DAN FASILITAS SEKOLAH TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMILIHAN SEKOLAH SERTA IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KEPUASAN SISWA BERSEKOLAH DI MAN 14 JAKARTA
Authors: NUGROHO ARIYANTO
Published: June 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of school quality and school facilities on school selection decisions and their implications for student satisfaction at school in MAN 14 Jakarta. This study uses a quantitative explanatory method. This study will explain the relationship between the variables studied using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) method. In this study, the population was all students of MAN 14 Jakarta who were enrolled in the 2019/2020 school year consisting of class X, XI totaling 665 students. Then a sample of 250 respondents. From the research results, it can be concluded that the quality of schools has a positive and significant effect on the decision to choose a school. School facilities have a positive and significant effect on the decision to choose a school. School quality has a positive and significant effect on student satisfaction attending school in MAN 14. School facilities have no effect on student satisfaction attending school in MAN 14. The decision to choose has a positive and significant effect on student satisfaction attending school in MAN 14. The decision to choose plays a role as a partial mediating variable in the relationship between school quality and student satisfaction attending school in MAN 14. The decision to choose serves as a fully mediating variable in the relationship between school facilities and student satisfaction attending school in MAN 14.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh mutu sekolah dan fasilitas sekolah terhadap keputusan pemilihan sekolah serta implikasinya terhadap kepuasan siswa bersekolah di MAN 14 Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksplanatif kuantitatif. Pada penelitian ini akan dijelaskan hubungan antar variabel-variabel yang diteliti dengan menggunakan metode Structural Equation Model (SEM). Dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi populasi adalah seluruh siswa MAN 14 Jakarta yang terdaftar pada tahun ajaran 2019/2020 terdiri dari kelas X, XI berjumlah 665 siswa. Lalu sampel sejumlah 250 responden. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan kesimpulan antara lain mutu sekolah berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan memilih sekolah. Fasilitas sekolah berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan memilih sekolah. Mutu sekolah berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan siswa bersekolah di MAN 14. Fasilitas sekolah tidak berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan siswa bersekolah di MAN 14. Keputusan memilih berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan siswa bersekolah di MAN 14. Keputusan memilih berperan sebagai variabel mediasi parsial pada hubungan antara mutu sekolah dan kepuasan siswa bersekolah di MAN 14. Keputusan memilih berperan sebagai variabel mediasi penuh pada hubungan antara fasilitas sekolah dan kepuasan siswa bersekolah di MAN 14.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF JIGSAW PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPA
Authors: MASLIKHAH MASLIKHAH
Published: June 2023

This study aims to determine student learning outcomes after applying the jigsaw in science learning class VIIIB MTsN 2 Semarang City. This type of research is classroom action research consisting of 2 cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, action, observation and evaluation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were class VIIIB MTsN 2 Semarang City students for the 2021/2022 academic year with a total of 32 students. Data regarding learning achievement includes data about student learning outcomes in learning. Science learning outcomes data were collected through tests in the form of essays. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results showed that the jigsaw method could improve science learning outcomes for class VIIIB MTsN 2 Semarang City. It can be seen that there was an increase in the average student activity score in cycle I, which was 16.05% with the criteria being active enough to increase to 62.70% with the criteria being active in cycle II. Science learning outcomes, namely the average score of science learning outcomes 41.38% with unfavorable criteria in the initial reflection to 63.00% with good enough criteria in cycle I, then increased to 97% with very good criteria in cycle II. The data shows an increase in learning outcomes by 34%. Learning science with the Jigsaw cooperative model is very effective in learning science. For this reason, it is expected that teachers can develop learning models and implement them in class.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa setelah penerapan jigsaw dalam pembelajaran IPA kelas VIIIB MTsN 2 Kota Semarang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas terdiri dari 2siklus.Setiap siklus terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan evaluasi, serta refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelasVIIIB MTsN 2 Kota Semarang tahun pelajaran 2021/2022 dengan jumlah siswa 32 siswa. Data mengenai prestasi belajar mencakup data tentang hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran. Data hasil belajar IPA dikumpulkan melalui tes berbentuk esay. Data-data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode jigsaw dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas VIIIB MTsN 2 Kota Semarang. Hal ini dapat dilihat terjadi peningkatan rata-rata skor aktivitas siswa pada siklus I adalah16,05% dengan criteria cukup aktif meningkat menjadi 62,70% dengan criteria aktif pada siklus II. Hasil belajar IPA yaitu dari rata-rata skor hasil belajar IPA 41,38% dengan criteria kurang baik pada refleksi awal menjadi 63,00% dengan criteria cukup baik pada siklus I, kemudian meningkat menjadi 97% dengan kriteria sangat baik pada siklus II. Data tersebut menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar sebesar 34%. Pembelajaran IPA dengan model kooperatif Jigsaw sangat efektif untuk dilakukan dalam pembelajaran IPA.Untuk itu diharapkan guru dapat mengembangkan model pembelajaran dan mengimplementasikan di dikelas.
Examen Especial a la Gestión del Talento Humano en los Gobiernos Autónomos Descentralizados Municipales del Ecuador
Authors: García Murillo Darwin Gonzalo , Calle García Aldrin Jefferson , Solórzano Gómez Belén Stefania
Published: June 2023

Esta investigación realiza un análisis de siete informes de auditorías ejecutadas por la Contraloría General del Estado mediante la aplicación de un examen especial a los Gobiernos Autónomos Descentralizados Municipales del Ecuador (GADs), las principales temáticas de estas auditorías se relacionan con la normativa aplicable a los subsistemas de planificación de talento humano, reclutamiento, selección de personal, clasificación de puestos, pago de remuneraciones capacitación, y en definitiva a la gestión y administración del talento humano que los GADs han ejecutado durante cierto período. Este análisis logró determinar múltiples situaciones legales por acción y omisión por parte de los responsables del proceso de talento humano y de la autoridad municipal , de tal manera que las leyes y otras normativas que regulan a las instituciones públicas fueron inobservadas, esto se puede notar  en los Municipios de Camilo Ponce Enríquez, Guaranda, Montúfar, Quevedo, San Cristóbal, Vinces y Quinsaloma tomados como muestra de este estudio, logrando determinar que en los siete municipios mencionados las normas que reiteradamente se incumplen son: la Ley Orgánica de Servicio Público (LOSEP,2010), Reglamento de la LOSEP (2011) , Ley de la Contraloría del Estado (2002) y su Reglamento, Código del Trabajo (2005), las Normas de Control Interno. La metodología que se utilizó fue mediante el método deductivo e inductivo, y el analítico lo que accedió a tener una visión clara de la aplicación de las leyes y demás normativas para poder identificar los incumplimientos dados y redactar las respectivas conclusiones.
Comercializadoras de los Altos Sur de Jalisco México y su vinculación con el comercio internacional
Authors: De la Torre Barba Silvano , Gómez González María Teresa , Baltazar Díaz Edith Guadalupe , Valdez Ocegueda Ma. Socorro , Medina González María Guadalupe
Published: June 2023

La actividad económica constituye el eje fundamental de la vida social. Actualmente, algunas tendencias se manifiestan a través de las negociaciones, haciendo parecer que todo gira en torno al comercio, inicialmente, desde su forma más doméstica, hasta empatar con las tendencias globales, donde se puede identificar el acceso que tenemos a otras formas de intercambiar bienes, productos y servicios, a través de una contraprestación económica. Este proceso, se establece como un sistema integral, en el que se precisa como objeto de estudio, hacer una descripción de las principales actividades que relacionan al comercio internacional, con el dinamismo comercial que desde esta zona de México se produce, debiendo identificar una de sus organizaciones comerciales a las que llamamos también comercializadoras, debidamente constituidas como sociedades mercantiles, a través de un muestreo de los últimos ocho años, contados desde junio de 2014, y hasta de junio de dos mil veintidós. Dando cuenta del marketing internacional de una de las regiones de México, consideradas como de las más productivas, la de los Altos Sur, del estado de Jalisco, dejando de manifiesto a través de un análisis descriptivo, con un enfoque mixto, tanto cualitativo como cuantitativo, el grado de importancia que han alcanzado las importaciones y exportaciones de mercancías desde la zona de impacto, pudiendo identificar que sí hay vinculación comercial de la mercadería con otras naciones, y que cada vez hay mayor fortalecimiento debido a su impacto con el mercado entre países, señalando cómo es que contribuye al comercio internacional la Región de estudio.
Análisis de las operaciones estratégicas en las aduanas mexicanas, frente al SARS-COV2, COVID-19
Authors: De la Torre Barba Silvano , Gómez González María Teresa , Baltazar Díaz Edith Guadalupe , Valdez Ocegueda Ma. Socorro , Medina González María Guadalupe
Published: June 2023

El mundo está desconcertado ante el impacto y la devastación de una condición sanitaria como la del SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19. Cada pandemia ha sido catastrófica por las implicaciones causadas en la estructura mundial, repercutiendo principalmente en la población y en los sectores de la vida productiva, dejando a su paso no solamente muerte sino también mayores índices de pobreza. Sin duda, una de las principales actividades económicas de los mexicanos es el comercio, ya sea local o internacional; siendo conscientes de no ser autosuficientes e independientes comercialmente, es que se han generado mayor cantidad de vínculos con lo que otros producen y comercializan a través de importaciones y exportaciones. Debido a que las aduanas son las encargadas de controlar la entrada y salida de mercancías del país, es que en este artículo se hace un análisis descriptivo presentando los datos obtenidos, con un enfoque mixto, y con el propósito de analizar cómo han operado las aduanas mexicanas frente al COVID-19, con el objeto de identificar y mostrar, en caso de existir, las afectaciones en cuanto a las relaciones comerciales internacionales que tenemos con otras naciones; primero, en relación a la variabilidad que ha surgido en la entrada y salida de mercancías, después, señalando cuáles son las aduanas que disminuyeron o potencializaron el flujo de mercancías, ya que para sorpresa de muchos, no hay una cambio sustancial respecto al número de operaciones aduaneras que desde las aduanas mexicanas se ha realizado, durante lo que va de la citada contingencia sanitaria mundial.
Waviness of the Southern Hemisphere wintertime polar and subtropical jets
Authors: Martin Jonathan E. , Norton Taylor
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The recently developed average latitudinal displacement (ALD) methodology is applied to assess the waviness of the austral winter subtropical and polar jets using three different reanalysis data sets. The analysis reveals both similarities and differences between the hemispheres with respect to aspects of the tendencies exhibited by both species of jets over the last 6 decades. As in the wintertime Northern Hemisphere, both jets in the Southern Hemisphere have become systematically wavier over the time series and the waviness of each jet evolves quite independently of the other during most cold seasons. Also, like its Northern Hemisphere equivalent, the Southern Hemisphere polar jet exhibits no trend in speed (though it is notably slower) while its poleward creep is statistically significant. In contrast to its Northern Hemisphere counterpart, the austral subtropical jet has undergone both a systematic increase in speed as well as a statistically significant poleward migration. Finally, composite differences between the waviest and least wavy seasons for each species suggest that the Southern Hemisphere’s lower stratospheric polar vortex is negatively impacted by unusually wavy tropopause-level jets of either species.
Precision measurement of the index of refraction of deep glacial ice at radio frequencies at Summit Station, Greenland
Authors: Welling Christoph ,   the RNO-G Collaboration
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Glacial ice is used as a target material for the detection of ultra-high energy neutrinos, by measuring the radio signals that are emitted when those neutrinos interact in the ice. Thanks to the large attenuation length at radio frequencies, these signals can be detected over distances of several kilometers. One experiment taking advantage of this is the Radio Neutrino Observatory Greenland (RNO-G), currently under construction at Summit Station, near the apex of the Greenland ice sheet. These experiments require a thorough understanding of the dielectric properties of ice at radio frequencies. Towards this goal, calibration campaigns have been undertaken at Summit, during which we recorded radio reflections off internal layers in the ice sheet. Using data from the nearby GISP2 and GRIP ice cores, we show that these reflectors can be associated with features in the ice conductivity profiles; we use this connection to determine the index of refraction of the bulk ice as n = 1.778 ± 0.006.
Detailed investigation of multi-scale fracture networks in glacially abraded crystalline bedrock at Åland Islands, Finland
Authors: Ovaskainen Nikolas , Skyttä Pietari , Nordbäck Nicklas , Engström Jon
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Using multiple scales of observation in studying the fractures of the
bedrock increases the reliability and representativeness of the respective
studies. This is because the discontinuities, i.e. the fractures, in the
bedrock lack any characteristic length and instead occur within a large
range of scales of approximately 10 orders of magnitude. Consequently,
fracture models need to be constructed based on representative multi-scale
datasets. In this paper, we combine a detailed bedrock fracture study from an
extensive bedrock outcrop area with lineament interpretation using light
detection and ranging (lidar) and geophysical data. Our study offers
lineament data in an intermediary length range (100–500 m) missing from
discrete fracture network modelling conducted at Olkiluoto, a nuclear
spent-fuel facility in Finland. Our analysis provides insights into
multi-scale length distributions of lineaments and fractures and into the
effect of glaciations on lineament and fracture data.
A common power-law model was fit to the lineament and fracture lengths
with an exponent of −1.13. However, the fractures and lineaments
might follow distinct power laws or other statistical distributions
rather than a common one. When categorising data by orientation, we can
highlight differences in length distributions possibly related to
glaciations. Our analysis further includes the topological,
scale-independent fracture network characteristics. For example, we
noticed a trend of decreasing apparent connectivity of fracture networks as
the scale of observation increases.
Islamic Scholar Thought on Intrapreneurial Leadership Characteristic Framework for Islamic Education Institutions
Authors: Hakiem Hilman , Devi Abrista , Mulyadi Nendi , Islahudin Iis , Atika Nadiya
Published: June 2023

There is a growing expectation for universities to contribute to the country's innovation system, especially bringing students to become entrepreneurs and job creators. This research is aimed at developing a model of Islamic scholar thought on intrapreneurial leadership characteristic framework for Islamic Education Institutions. This study employs the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method in three steps, first problem decomposition via in-depth interviews with expert respondents, second, quantifying the model via a pair-wise comparison questionnaire, and third, synthesis and analysis to derive the most priority criteria and strategies. The model was developed with valuable input from three Indonesian religious leaders with experience in Islamic education. The findings indicate that the most important criterion for having the character of an intrapreneurial leader in an Islamic Education Institution along with its sub-criteria is leadership (trustworthy and responsible), followed by behavior (self-confidence and self-motivation), religiosity (worship and tawakkal), good governance (entrepreneurial culture and learning and teaching), and the last priority is skills (leadership skills and networking). This paper also discovered that, within Islamic educational institutions, a focus on constant innovation and a clear human resource vision and mission is a top priority for shaping the personalities of future leaders. This strategy emphasizes the significance of fostering an innovative culture within the institution and providing a clear vision and mission to guide the development of human resources. At the end of the paper's structure, this study offers policy implications and recommendations for how Islamic schools can incorporate intrapreneurial leadership practices into their educational system.
Radierter Patriotismus
Authors: Nonnenmann Rainer
Published: June 2023

In his late novel Doktor Faustus (1947) – written in exile in the USA during the Second World War – Thomas Mann has the fictional “German composer” Adrian Leverkühn “take back” Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony with his last cantata “Dr. Fausti Weheklag”. The humanism of the “Ode to Joy” with its final exultation “Alle Menschen werden Brüder” had been discredited by dictatorship, terror, war and the Holocaust, and by patriotic and nationalistic appropriations by various political systems. In the course of Germany’s coming to terms with its past – the so-called “Vergangenheitsbewältigung” – from the mid-1960s onwards, a number of composers reacted to the scandal of the misuse of this major classical work of art and its liberating message with compositions whose direct reference to Beethoven’s Ninth can also be understood as “retractions” of this symphony. This article investigates different approaches to Beethoven’s controversial work in Bernd Alois Zimmermann’s Requiem für einen jungen Dichter (1967–1969), Hans Werner Henze’s Sinfonia N. 9 (1995–1997), Andreas F. Staffel’s Beethoven off set – oder: ich nehme sie zurück die neunte Symphonie (2015–2019) and many other works.
Ferdinand Hillers Jugendsymphonie in e-Moll
Authors: Kim Jin-Ah
Published: June 2023

This brief article discusses the genesis and identification of Ferdinand Hiller’s Youth Symphony in E minor. In contrast to previous research, it is argued that the “third” Symphony in E minor (September 1831) is not a completely new work, but a heavily revised new version of the Symphony in E minor (September 23, 1829). This hypothesis can be substantiated with Hiller’s entries in his own handwritten catalogue of works as well as autographs or copies of the work, which show that he revised the first and second movements, replaced the third movement and arranged a “Chant des Pirates” as finale. A passage from a letter by Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, who had offered to perform Hiller’s symphony in Leipzig, confirms the thesis.
Pelatihan Guru SD Muhammadiyah 1 Kesamben dalam menggunakan LMS Moodle
Authors: Widianto Widianto , H M. Chasrun , Amal Andi Syaiful
Published: June 2023

SD Muhammadiyah 1 Kesamben masih terakreditasi C oleh BAN (Badan Akreditasi Nasional). Untuk meningkatkan layanan pendidikan yang berkualitas kepada siswa, maka para guru perlu dibekali dengan kecakapan dalam menggunakan LMS (Learning Management System). Oleh sebab itu, pengabdi memberikan pelatihan LMS Moodle kepada para guru dan integrasi media pembelajaran online seperti Google Form, Google Doc, Google Sheet, Google Slides, Google Drive, Youtube, dan Google Meet ke dalam Moodle. Berdasarkan kuisioner pasca pelatihan yang diberikan kepada tujuh guru yang hadir saat pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa 71,4% guru paham, 42,9% guru bisa membuat akun, 100% guru bisa membuat mata pelajaran, 85,7% guru bisa menggunakan menu pengumuman, dan 100% guru bisa menggunakan menu-menu yang lainnya.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Pengembangan Wisata Sejarah Monumen Kresek Kabupaten Madiun
Authors: Soebijantoro Soebijantoro , Hartono Yudi , Huda Khoirul
Published: June 2023

Kawasan wisata sejarah Monumen Kresek di Desa Kresek Kecamatan Wungu Kabupaten Madiun telah dikembangkan sejak 2012 sebagai sebagai wisata edukasi sejarah dan sosial. Masyarakat terlibat dalam pengembangan melalui Kelompok Sadar Wisata “Mekar”.  Masalah yang dihadapi adalah kurang dilibatkannya masyarakat dalam perencanaan dan pengawasan karena belum adanya sinergi kebijakan dari para pemangku kepentingan. Program pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan model pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pengembangan kawasan wisata sejarah agar masyarakat dapat lebih terlibat aktif dalam pemilihan, perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pengembangan wisata yang akan mewarnai kehidupan, keberdayaan dan kemandirian masyarakat dalam pengembangan kawasan wisata sejarah Monumen Kresek. Metode pelaksanaannya adalah eksplorasi dan identifikasi masalah, Focus Group Discussion, workshop, dan pendampingan. Program pengabdian ini menghasilkan model pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pengembangan kawasan wisata sejarah Monumen Kresek dengan keterlibatan aktif masyarakat sejak perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengawasan hingga evaluasi program pengembangan wisata. Pemberdayaan dititikberatkan pada partisipasi masyarakat dalam manajemen dan pengembangan potensi wisata.
Pencegahan Gangguan Gastrointestinal Melalui Edukasi Kesehatan pada Masyarakat Kelurahan Dompak
Authors: Rahardiantini Ikha , Sartika Lili
Published: June 2023

Dispepsia merupakan penyakit tidak menular dan tidak hanya terjadi di Indonesia, bahkan di dunia. Dispepsia adalah suatu sindrom yang terdiri dari nyeri atau rasa tidak nyaman di ulu hati, kembung, mual, muntah, sendawa, rasa cepat kenyang, perut rasa penuh. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap pada masyarakat di daerah Kelurahan Dompak. Metode yang dilakukan untuk pencegahan penyakit dispepsia melalui melalui penyuluhan Kesehatan dan pembagian leaftlet materi penyuluhan, sehingga dapat tercapai perilaku hidup sehat dengan menjaga pola makan dan gaya hidup yang baik. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan oleh mahasiswa dan tim dosen Stikes Hang Tuah Tanjungpinang. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat adalah masyarakat memahami penyakit dispepsia dan pencegahannya. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat. Hampir seluruh peserta aktif mengikuti kegiatan penyuluhan dengan memperhatikan materi yang diberikan dengan sungguh- sungguh dan memberikan pertanyaan saat ada yang ingin lebih diketahui.
Pendampingan Peningkatan Bangunan Sekolah Gedung Riyadul Falah Menjadi Bangunan 2 Lantai Setelah Dilakukan Perkuatan Bangunan
Authors: Kasmuri Mudiono , Edistria Ega , Sukarman Sukarman
Published: June 2023

Yayasan Riyadul Falah merupakan Lembaga yang bergerak di bidang Pendidikan. Saat ini bangunan sekolah yang ada di Yayasan teresbut sudah difungsikan untuk proses atau kegiatan belajar mengajar. Namun masih mengalami kekurangan kelas ruangan belajar untuk para siswa sehingga dilakukan penambahan ruangan dengan meningkatlkan bangunan menjadi bangunan 2 lantai setelah dilakukan perbaikan dan perkuatan pada struktur bangunan. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah membantu pihak pengelola dalam melakukan pembangunan penambahan ruangan kelas dengan meningkatkan bangunan menjadi 2 lantai setelah dilakukan perbaikan dan perkuatan struktur bangunan yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Deskripsi kegiatan dimulai dengan persiapan tim survei untuk melakukan pemeriksaan kelayakan bangunan, berkoordinasi juga dengan pengelola Yayasan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan kegiatan gotong royong untuk melakukan pembangunan Gedung 2 lantai dari pekerjaan pembesian, pengecoran, pembuatan dinding ruangan, pembuatan ring balok atas dan pemasangan pintu, jendela ruangan kelas dan finishing.
Edukasi Pemanfaatan Lemon dan Sereh Sebagai Minuman Dalam Pemeliharaan Daya Tahan Tubuh di Kelurahan Bentakan Baki Sukoharjo
Authors: J.S Fitria Diniah , Adiansyah Katrine , R.S Monica Ayu , D.A.H Puput Novita , Rekyan W Vikita
Published: June 2023

Perubahan iklim yang terjadi di Indonesia dan keadaan pasca pandemi menyebabkan kondisi imunitas tubuh masyarakat rentan terhadap berbagai penyakit. Menjaga imunitas dapat dengan menjaga kebersihan, berolah raga sera mengkonsumsi makanan yang bergizi. Cara lain dalam menjaga imunitas adalah dengan mengkonsumsi produk herbal tradisional atau jamu. Salah satu minuman tradisional yang mudah dibuat dan bahan mudah ditemukan di masyarakat adalah rebusan lemon sereh. Buah lemon (Citrus limon) memiliki manfaat sebagai antioksidan karena mengandung vitamin C sedangkan sereh atau serai (Cymbopogon nardus L) memiliki senyawa citral dan geranial yang bermanfaat sebagai anti-inflamasi. Melalui kegiatan workshop di kelurahan Bentakan, Baki, Sukoharjo dengan peserta Ibu-Ibu PKK ini diharakan dapat memberikan pengetahuan serta wawasan kepada peserta tentang manfaat yang terkandung di dalam minuman lemon sereh dan cara pengolahannya yaitu dengan cara bahan-bahan dicuci bersih kemudian direbus bersama gula jawa dan rempah lainnya seperti kayu manis dan jahe kemudian disaring sehingga siap dikonsumsi sebagai minuman yang dapat digunakan untuk menjaga daya tahan tubuh. Peserta sangat antusias karena tema yang disampaikan dalam kegiatan sangat relevan, diharapkan dengan adanya kegiatan ini peserta dapat meningkatkan pemahaman kepada masyarakat bagaimana menjaga daya tahan tubuh terutama saat musim pancaroba dan pasca pandemi. Dalam kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan, berdasarkan hasil test yang diberikan sebelum dan sesudah acara menunjukkan hasil peningkatan pemahaman mengenai materi workshop yaitu meningkat hingga 95%.
Formulation and Characterization of a multiple Emulsion containing Vitamin - C
Authors: Swamy M. Venkata , Metta Samyuktha , Kumar A. Ajay , Mohan Reddy C. Jagan , Dharani G. , Ramya K.
Published: June 2023

Multiple Mixes have been proposed to have multitudinous uses including their use for improvement of bioavailability or as a dragged medicine delivery system. But the essential insecurity of this system needs to be overcome before they find implicit operation in medicinals. Multiple mixes are frequently stabilized using a combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfactants. The rate of these surfactants is important in achieving stable multiple mixes. The purpose of the study was to prepare a stable multiple conflation containing a skin anti-aging agent and using paraffin oil emulsion. Vitamin C, was incorporated into the inner waterless phase of water- in- oil emulsion- in- water (w/ o/ w) multiple conflation at a attention of 1. Multiple conflation was prepared by two step system. Stability studies were performed at different accelerated conditions, i.e. 8°C (in refrigerator), 25°C (in roaster), 40°C(in roaster), and 40°C at 75 RH (in stability cabin) for 28 days to prognosticate the stability of phrasings. The ideal of this study was to prepare multiple conflation of Ascorbic acid by two step emulsification using different non-ionic surfactants, Tweens and Agar, and estimate for stability, chance medicine ruse. The study concluded that stable multiple conflation with high ruse effectiveness can be prepared by two step emulsification system using agar- agar primary emulsifier and Tween 80 as secondary emulsifier. F2 formulation is the best formulation than the F1 and F3 formulations based on phase separation and other tests.
Evaluation of Antidibetic Potential of Hydromethanolic Extract of Tridax procubens (Linn) in Mice
Authors: Chandak Raman , Tayade Harshada
Published: June 2023

The aqueous leaves extract of Tridax procumbent (Linn) was evaluated for its antidiabetic potential on normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In the chronic model, the hydromethanolic leaf extract was administered to normal and STZ- induced diabetic rats at the doses of 200 and 400mg/kg body weight (b.w.) p.o. per day for 14 days. The fasting Blood Glucose Levels (BGL), serum insulin level and biochemical data such as glycosylated hemoglobin, Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) and Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) were evaluated and all were compared to that of the known anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide. The statistical data indicated significant increase in the body weight, liver glycogen, serum insulin and HDL levels and decrease in blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol and serum triglycerides when compared with glibenclamide. Thus the hydromethanolic leaves extract of Tridax procumben had beneficial effects in reducing the elevated blood glucose level and lipid profile of STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Review on WHO
Authors: Babasaheb Kolap Mahesh , Alimuddin Bepari Nazhat , Yasin Mangalware Sadiya , Keshav Bhadke Rajesh
Published: June 2023

“WHO Constitution states that ‘Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’. WHO, the parent organisation being ECOSOC is a major spoke in the wheel of United Nations common family system. It has been also in the past and in the present actively and symbiotically involved in improving international public health as well as intervening in humanitarian crises on the issues of health and well-being. Its complementary role with other important international and national actors like ICRC, UNCERF, UNDAC, EM-DAT and NDMA in West Asia, Africa, Latin America, South and South East Aia cannot be understated in contemporary times.
Zika Virus: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Dilip Kothavale Snehal , Rasul Attar Rinaj , Mohite S. K. , B. Patil Sagar
Published: June 2023

The Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) belonging to the Flavivirus genus and the Flaviviridae family. Aedes mosquito species such as Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopict us, and Aedes africanus transmit the disease to humans.
Beyond Mandated Reporting: Debunking Assumptions to Support Children and Families
Authors: Gruber Talia
Published: June 2023

This paper critically examines mandated reporting laws for child maltreatment within the profession of social work. It analyzes the history and current use of mandated reporting laws in the United States and debunks three assumptions that uphold the practice of mandated reporting: that mandated reporting is accurate in identifying child maltreatment; that mandated reporting is, at worst, a neutral practice; and that mandated reporting ultimately helps to prevent and/or treat harm to children. In the final section, the author presents guidelines for social workers to implement abolitionist reforms to mandated reporting. The author argues that, in tandem with growing calls to abolish the family policing system and reimagine child welfare, social workers should grapple with the implications of mandated reporting laws on families and the profession of social work and seek to reduce the harms of mandated reporting wherever possible.
Accidentes por arañas del género Loxosceles en Perú, 2019-2021
Authors: Mengoa Gómez Claudia Daniela
Published: June 2023

n Peru, accidents due to spiders of the genus Loxosceles are on the rise in urban and peri-urban areas, being a major public health problem due to the social repercussions they generate, not only due to the number of cases or deaths, but also due to amputations or permanent sequelae that they cause. As an objective, it was proposed to know the number of accidents by spiders of the genus Loxosceles that occurred in Peru during the period 2019-2021. The research was of a retrospective descriptive type during the period 2019-2021. As a data collection instrument, the secondary databases of the notification sheets of the Ministry of Health of Peru for cases of loxoscelism were used, with specifications according to the Epidemiological Bulletin 2019, 2020 and 2021 and the reports of the situational room-CDC. The data was stored in Microsof Excel and epidemiological indicators such as frequencies, incidence rate per 100,000 inhabitants and fatality rate were applied. The results were shown in tables and figures for better reading comprehension. As a result, a total of 3,639 cases of accidents involving spiders of the genus Loxosceles were found, distributed in 52.65% (1916/3639) for the year 2019, 26.30% (957/3639) for 2020 and 21.05%. (766/3639) 2021, the incidence rate per 100,000 inhabitants was 3.69 in 2019, 1.88 in 2020 and 1.37 in 2021, the fatality rate was 0.10% (2/1916) for the year 2019 and 0, 00% for 2020 and 2021, it was possible to show that San Martin, Lima and Arequipa were the areas with the most reported cases.
The Totally Perceptive and Logical Illogic of the Avant-garde Dramatic Tradition; or Politics = Theater = Politics
Authors: Roof Judith
Published: June 2023

Turn-of-the-century ‘Pataphysician Alfred Jarry wrote several plays that showed the relation between theater and politics. In the absurd mode of ‘Pataphysics, both Ubu Roi and César Antichrist featured hyperbolically narcissistic and corrupt dictators that presaged political relations in the twenty-first century. Harold Pinter’s plays continue Jarry’s depictions of power, but in Pinter’s plays, the powerful figures have disappeared, replaced by invisible threats, again showing the ways the political is quintessentially theatrical.
Noise Monitoring in the School Metal Workshop
Authors: Kóša Marek , Tureková Ivana
Published: June 2023

The study deals with the issue of noise in the school facility, in the school metal workshop, its measurement and evaluation of the results. The purpose of the carried-out study was to monitor and assess the conditions in which the students learn and work there and point out the shortcomings concerning noise’s impact on human health. At the same time, the study aimed to optimise the workplace or workshop by legal regulations. Based on the monitoring results, several critical places were found where the limits were exceeded. A 3D noise propagation model modelled according to the measured results was created, allowing us to understand noise propagation better. Finally, the conducted study resulted in suggestions for improving the working conditions in the monitored school facility and for increased safety and health protection of students at work.
Leonarditin Hidrosiklon ile ön Zenginleştirilmesinin Alkali Liç Verimi Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: BENTLİ İsmail , DEMİR Uğur
Published: June 2023

Artan nüfusla birlikte tarımsal alanlarda verim artışını sağlamak amacıyla, organik gübre kullanımı giderek yaygın hale gelmektedir. Organik gübre yapımında kullanılan en verimli kaynağın leonardit olduğu bilinmektedir. Leonarditten potasyum hidroksit (KOH) ile alkali liç yapılarak, humat adı verilen hümik asit ve fülvik asit içerikli organik gübre üretilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Uşak il sınırları içerisinde bulunan ve özel bir şirket tarafından işletilen leonardit yataklarından alınan temsili numuneler üzerinde karakterizasyon çalışmaları yapılmış ve kil içerikli safsızlıkların hidrosiklon ile uzaklaştırılmasından sonra KOH ortamında humat üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Liç öncesi kil mineralleri olarak bulunan safsızlıkların giderilmesinde hümik asit kazanımında %11.5’e varan artışlar belirlenmiştir. Bununla beraber liç öncesi safsızlıkların uzaklaştırılmasının organik gübre üretim prosesinde birçok kolaylık sağlayacağı açıktır.
Derin öğrenme tabanlı Elektrikli Ev Aletleri Veri Setinin Sınıflandırılması
Authors: KÜÇÜKYILDIZ Gürkan
Published: June 2023

Elektriğe bağlı olan her ev aletinin akım/gerilim karakteristiği farklı olduğundan, bu cihazların her birinin şebekeden çektiği gücün özelliği farklı olmaktadır. Bu nedenle şebekeye bağlı olan cihazın tipinin tespiti cihazın şebekeden çektiği harmoniğin tespit edilmesinde ve de düzeltilmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında farklı derin öğrenme teknikleri kullanılarak “ACS-F2 Elektrikli Ev Aletleri Veri Seti” üzerinde sınıflandırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. ACS-F2 veri setinde toplamda 15 farklı sınıf için 225 cihaz bulunmasına karşın, çalışma kapsamında yapılan ön işlemler ile veri setindeki sınıf sayısı 14’e indirilmiştir. Sonrasında LSTM, FeedForwardNet, çift yönlü LSTM( Bi-LSTM) ve parametreleri genetik algoritma tarafından optimize edilmiş Bi-LSTM kullanılarak sınıflandırma yapılarak sınıflandırıcının performansları karşılaştırılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma kapsamında parametreleri optimize edilmiş sınıflandırıcının diğer yöntemlerden daha başarılı sonuçlar elde ettiği gözlenmiştir.
Kolesterol Tayini için Biyosensör Geliştirilmesi
Authors: ÖZBEK Zikriye
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışmada, kolesterol amperometrik tayini için Prusya mavisi (PB) temelli amperometrik biyosensörler hazırlandı. Bu amaçla, jelatin ve gluteraldehit içeren ortam kullanılarak çapraz bağlama tekniği ile PB ve kolesterol oksidaz (COx) enzimi screen-printed elektrotların (SPE) yüzeyine immobilize edildi. SPE/PB/COx elektrotların kolesterol tayini için uygun oldukları gözlendi ve optimizasyon çalışmaları bu enzim elektrotları kullanılarak yapıldı. SPE/PB/COx enzim elektrodu için optimum jelatin miktarı, gluteraldehit oranı, PB derişimi, tampon cinsi, tampon derişimi, sırasıyla fosfat tamponu; 0,002 g, % 0.5, 0.02 M, 0.05 M; pH:7,5 olarak belirlendi. Enzim elektrodun, kolesterol için doğrusal çalışma aralığı 2×10-6-2×10-5 M, gözlenebilme sınırı 2×10-6 M, cevap süresi 50 s ve raf ömrü yaklaşık bir ay olarak bulundu. SPE/PB/COX kolesterol biyosensörü hazırlanması optimizasyonu başarılı bir şekilde elde edildi.