bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diffraction characteristics of radiated tilted fiber grating and its spectrometer application
Authors: Song Qingguo , Dai Yuze , Xiao Xiangpeng , Sun Qizhen , Zhou Kaiming , Zhang Lin , Yan Zhijun
Published: May 2022

We have numerically and experimentally presented the diffraction characteristics of radiated tilted fiber grating (RTFG) in terms of the spectrum, bandwidth, degree of polarization, angular dispersion, and temperature crosstalk. The theoretical and experimental results have shown that the polarization property, bandwidth, and dispersion of RTFG highly depended on the tilt angle of RTFG, and the RTFG has ultra-low temperature crosstalk. We have simulated the transmission spectrum of the RTFG with different tilt angles (25°, 31°, 38°, 45°, and 54°), in which the results show that the larger tilt angle has the wider bandwidth. The RTFGs with the tilt angle of 25°, 31°, 38°, 45°, and 54° have the 3dB bandwidth of 110 nm, 144 nm, 182 nm, 242 nm, and 301 nm, respectively. Besides, the degree of polarization (DOP) of the radiated light from RTFG with the different tilt angles are 0.876, 0.944, 0.967, 0.998, and 0.970, respectively, and the RTFG has the maximum DOP at the tilt angle of 45°, which could be used as single-polarization diffraction device. The experimental results show that with further increase or decrease of the tilt angle, the DOP of radiated light of RTFG would decrease. Both the theoretical and experimental results show that the smaller tilt angle could greatly improve the diffraction angular dispersion of RTFG, in which the 25°, 31°, 38°, and 45° RTFG have the angular dispersion of 0.2288 °/nm, 0.1026 °/nm, 0.0714 °/nm, and 0.0528 °/nm, respectively. Due to the broad working bandwidth, the diffraction angles of RTFG have ultra-low temperature crosstalk, where -0.00042, -0.00054, -0.00064, and -0.00099 degree / °C at the tilt angle of 25°, 31°, 38°, and 45°. Finally, we have demonstrated a miniaturized spectrometer integrated by a 25° RTFG, which has a high spectral resolution of 0.08 nm. The proposed RTFG would be an ideal in-fiber diffraction device and widely applied in spectral analysis, space optical communication, and Lidar areas.
Direct nanoimprint of chalcogenide glasses with optical functionalities via solvent-based surface softening
Authors: Tzadka Shalit Sivan , Ostrovsky Natali , Frankenstein Shefa Hadar , Kassis Evyatar , Joseph Shay , Schvartzman Mark
Published: May 2022

Chalcogenide glasses are attractive materials for optical applications. However, these applications often require patterning of the surface with functional micro-/ nanostructures. Such patterning is challenging by traditional microfabrication methods. Here, we present a new, to the best of our knowledge, approach of direct imprint via solvent-based surface softening, for the patterning of As2Se3 surface. Our approach is based on an elastomeric stamp soaked in an organic solvent. During the imprint, the solvent diffuses into the imprinted substrate, plasticizes its surface, and thereby allows its imprint at the temperature below its glass transition point. Thus, our approach combines the full pattern transfer with the maintenance of the shape of the imprinted substrate, which is necessary for optical devices. By using this approach, we demonstrated functional antireflective microstructures directly imprinted on As2Se3 surface. Furthermore, we showed that our approach can produce imprinted features sized down to 20 nm scale. We believe that our new approach paves the way for more future applications of chalcogenide glasses.
Enhanced circular dichroism of cantilevered nanostructures by distorted plasmon
Authors: Li Ying , Bai Yu , Ikram Muhammad , Ren Yaqi , Xu Yue , Wang Yongkai , Huo Yiping , Zhang Zhongyue
Published: May 2022

Chiral structures have a wide range of applications, such as biometric identification, chemical analysis, and chiral sensing. The simple fabrication process of chiral nanostructures that can produce a significant circular dichroism (CD) effect remains a challenge. Here, a three-dimensional (3D) cantilever-shaped nanostructure, which inherits the chiral advantages of 3D nanostructures and simplicity of 2D nanostructures, is proposed. The nanostructure can be prepared by the combination of one-time electron beam lithography and oblique-angle deposition and consists of a thin metal film with periodic holes such that two hanging arms were attached to the edges of holes. The length of the cantilever and the height difference between the two arms can be adjusted by controlling the tilt angle of beam current during the deposition processes. Numerical calculations showed that the enhancement of CD signal was achieved by plasmon distortion on the metal film by the lower hanging part of the cantilever structure. Furthermore, signals can be actively adjusted using a temperature-sensitive polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material. The angle between the lower cantilever and the top metal film was regulated by the change in PDMS volume with temperature. The results provide a new way to fabricating 3D nanostructures and a new mechanism to enhance the CD signal. The proposed nanostructure may have potential applications, such as in ultra-sensitive detection and remote temperature readout, and is expected to be an ultra-compact detection tool for nanoscale structural and functional information.
Dragging three-point method for measurement of telescope optics
Authors: Kurita Mikio , Morimoto Yusuke , Emi Naoto , Shimoda Tomofumi
Published: May 2022

We developed the improved three-point method as measuring machine that is applicable for measurements of various telescope optics, including concave, convex, and off-axis mirrors of high aspheric. The method is small and robust against temperature change and vibration and can extend a conventional machining tool to a measurement tool. We measured the cross section of a flat mirror of ϕ300 mm with this method on an old milling machine. The result was consistent with that obtained with an interferometer with a discrepancy of 5.5 nm (RMS). For the next stage, we executed two-dimensional measurements of a concave spherical mirror of ϕ794 mm. The result showed good agreement with that obtained with an interferometer and the method successfully detected an amplitude of 30 nm of small-scale structure in the lateral direction.
„Take it Easy – Eine qualitative Untersuchung digitaler Stressoren und Stressbewältigungsmaßnahmen im Homeoffice“
Authors: Reßing Caroline , Zeuge Anna , Arenz Robin , Baumgart Thorben Lukas , Schneider Dominik Jan , Niehaves Björn
Published: May 2022

Das Verständnis zur Nutzung von Kommunikations- und Informationstechnologien (IKT) am Homeoffice Arbeitsplatz ist von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Bewältigung des laufenden Wandels des hybriden Arbeitens. In den letzten Jahren wurden zwölf digitale Stressoren am Arbeitsplatz identifiziert, welche zu zunehmenden neuen Lösungen in der Arbeitswelt und in den Maßnahmen der Stressbewältigung führen. Die bisherige Forschung hat aber noch nicht geklärt, inwieweit sich die digitalen Stressoren im Homeoffice verändert haben und welche neuen Wege der Stressbewältigungsmaßnahmen die Arbeitgeber:innen und Arbeitnehmer:innen gehen sollten. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, ist ein qualitativer Ansatz gewählt worden, um die bisherigen zwölf digitalen Stressoren auch im Homeoffice-Kontext zu revalidieren, abzulehnen oder neue Stressoren zu finden. Hierfür wurden zwanzig Interviews mit Personen im Homeoffice geführt. Die Studie konnte elf der zwölf digitalen Stressoren auch im Homeoffice feststellen, welche ähnliche, aber auch neue Wirkungsweisen aufzeigen. Dabei zeigt die Arbeit, dass der digitale Stressor „Jobunsicherheit“ im Homeoffice-Kontext nicht festgestellt werden konnte, stattdessen konnte ein neuer Stressor „Fehlende soziale Verbundenheit“ für die Arbeit im Homeoffice identifiziert werden.
Neuromonitorización intraoperatoria y parálisis laríngea bilateral posoperatoria en tiroidectomía total. Revisión sistemática y metanálisis
Authors: Estébanez-Peláez Guillermo , Pardal-Refoyo José Luis , González-Sánchez Enrique , Ferreira-Cendón Sofía
Published: May 2022

Introducción y objetivo: La parálisis bilateral del nervio laríngeo recurrente (PBNLR) es una complicación con gran morbimortalidad en la cirugía de tiroides, aunque infrecuente. La identificación visual del nervio laríngeo recurrente (NLR) continúa siendo el patrón oro en el manejo. El objetivo es evaluar si la neuromonitorización intraoperatoria (NMIO) reduce el riesgo de PBNLR durante TT (tiroidectomía total), mediante revisión sistemática y metanálisis. Método: Revisión sistemática de artículos que incluían series de TT con y sin NMIO para la identificación del NLR, sin restricción de fecha o idioma en PubMed, BVS, Cochrane, Clinicaltrials y WoS. Se evaluó la prevalencia de PBNLR. Se realizó estudio descriptivo de las variables incluidas y metanálisis según modelo de efectos aleatorios. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 45 estudios, y se analizaron dos subgrupos: series retrospectivas (31 estudios) y series prospectivas (14 estudios); con un total de 197161 pacientes. Las series prospectivas resultaron homogéneas y con bajo sesgo de publicación, con un total de 11149 pacientes. En los estudios prospectivos, la diferencia observada del riesgo de PBNLR con y sin NMIO equivale a una reducción absoluta del riesgo (RAR) del 2.1‰ y un número necesario de técnica para realizar (NNT) de 487.15. Conclusiones: La NMIO aporta una reducción del riesgo de PBNLR.
Dynamical behavior of a parametrized family of one-dimensional maps
Authors: Muştu Erkan
Published: May 2022

The connection of these maps to homoclinic loops acts like an amplifier of the map behavior, and makes it interesting also in the case where all map orbits approach zero (but in many possible ways). We introduce so-called 'flat' intervals containing exactly one maximum or minimum, and so-called `steep' intervals containing exactly one zero point of

f

μ
,
ω

and no zero of

f

μ
,
ω

′

. For specific parameters
μ
and
ω
, we construct an open set of points with orbits staying entirely in the 'flat' intervals in section three. In section four, we describe orbits staying in the 'steep' intervals (for open parameter sets), and in section five (for specific parameters) orbits regularly changing between 'steep' and 'flat' intervals. Both orbit types are described by symbol sequences, and it is shown that their Lebesgue measure is zero.
A simplified approach to ovarian lesions based on the O-RADS US risk stratification and management system
Authors: Mohamadian Alireza , Bayani Leila , Shakki Katouli Fatemeh
Published: May 2022

Compared to the risk-oriented approach to ovarian lesions that is presented in the Ovarian- Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) US Risk Stratification and Management System as a guideline, a lesion-oriented flowchart is more user-friendly for radiologists. In the present article, the O-RADS guideline has been depicted in the form of a single flowchart to explain how to approach ovarian lesions in an algorithmic manner. In addition to providing a practical flowchart, this pictorial article contains some images of the related ovarian lesions.
Contrôler les assistés: genèses et usages d'un mot d'ordre
Authors: Tabin Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2022

Recensé : Vincent Dubois, Contrôler les assistés. Genèses et usages d’un mot d’ordre, Paris, Raisons d’agir (« Cours et travaux »), 2021, 456 p.
Thermal Study of 155 mm Gun Barrel
Authors: Dubey Ajay , Sharma Pankaj Kumar
Published: May 2022

Thermal analysis of 155 Gun barrel is an important aspect of designing the gun barrel and deciding the maximum firing rate. The performance of any artillery depends upon the thermal behaviour of the gun barrel among various factors, and its availability for continuous firing depends on the maximum bore temperature and cook-off time of the barrel. In this paper, the effect of maximum bore temperature, cook-off, active cooling is reviewed. Heat transfer to the gun barrel surface is calculated using analytical analysis with given ammunition parameters. Analytical and finite element analysis of maximum bore temperature and cook-off time is also included. Finite element analysis of external Jacket water cooling of the barrel shows that the gun can fire continuously at three rounds per minute without reaching cook-off temperature.
Rocket Sled Based High Speed Rail Track Test Facilities
Authors: Walia Shilpa , Satya Vikrant , Malik Sandeep , Chander Subhash , Devi Sonu , Sharma A C
Published: May 2022

The present study introduces and compares several high-speed track based ground test facilities available all over the world to simulate high-speed dynamic events for selected portions of flight trajectories. The scope of performing high speed flight-testing is addressed, which is followed by the requirements of these track based test facilities. The facilities deliver flight test articles under controlled conditions to achieve high velocity impact, acceleration, aerodynamic and other related testing for small and large test articles depending upon the requirements. Sled is designed in such a way so that it can carry the test articles like aircrafts, payloads, warheads, missiles and many other ballistic systems to achieve high velocities ranging from subsonic to hypersonic by accelerating these sleds using solid rocket motors over the rail track. Such facilities provide instrumentation for large set of trial data acquisition and offline analysis for both recovery and non- recovery (impact) trials, which makes such facilities important for test, research and evaluation purposes.

Here, the detailed description of test facilities, which are available in many countries such as India, United States (US), Japan, United Kingdom (UK), France, and others countries based on their technical characteristics is presented. Additionally, a brief history and introduction into basic rocket sled test facility aspects, essential technical characteristics and major features to support high speed testing at these facilities as an accurate testing technique based on quality of construction and engineering design are also covered in this paper. Compilation of available or under development facilities is done in one place which provides the information about facilities’ technological gaps. The paper concludes with an explanation of the role, major capabilities and limitations of these test facilities in the present global scenario.
Experimental Investigation of Peak Temperature and Microhardness in Friction Stir Processing of AA6082 T6 using Taguchi GRA
Authors: Sarvaiya Jainesh , Singh Dinesh
Published: May 2022

Friction stir processing demonstrated tremendous potential for improving mechanical properties and its success relies on the optimal level of process parameters that result in a flawless stir zone. The present study is an experimental investigation of performance characteristics peak temperature and microhardness on FSPed AA6082-T6. The experiments are designed using the Taguchi L16 orthogonal array by considering four different levels of rotational speed, traverse speed, shoulder diameter, and tilt angle. The grey relational analysis is used for multiple responses to optimise the FSP process parameters and analysis of variance is utilised to establish the relevance of parameters for these responses. According to the findings, the shoulder diameter and traverse speed are the most important determinants for peak temperature and microhardness. It is observed from the experimental analysis that the main reasons for defect formation are either excessive or inadequate heat generation. The multi-response optimal condition is attained at a rotating speed of 1400 rpm, transverse speed of 112 mm/min, shoulder diameter of 25 mm, and tilt angle of 1º.
Unsteady CFD Studies for Gust Modeling in Store Separation
Authors: Dwivedi Sunil , Sharma Vikrant , Jana Sumit , Chakraborty Debasis
Published: May 2022

Aircraft and different store configurations must be certified before a flight. There is a small but finite probability of aircraft being hit by gust wind at the time of separation. Most store separation analyses from airborne platforms do not consider the gust phenomena because of the complexity and inadequate knowledge of its behavior. A dedicated task group was recently created to understand the gust-related phenomena in aircraft safety. Of the various gust cases, vertical gust is most severe and can cause instability leading to store collision. The situation is compounded in a long and heavy store due to its large projected area. No test procedures exist for simulation or practical tests of gust. A study was conducted to identify a test procedure for gust simulation using MIL standard data and Indian conditions. The current paper studies the emergency release condition where a vertical gust is hitting the aircraft to ascertain safe separation. A discrete gust with a 1-cosine shape and specified length and amplitude is imposed at the inflow boundary. The gust is allowed to sweep the computational domain containing the airborne platform and the store. The computed trajectory of the store, the miss distance, and its angular rates in the presence of gust are analysed in this work to study the safe separation of a store from an airborne platform. Simulations are also carried out to determine the effect of gust at the highest dynamic pressure in the flight envelope.
Identifikasi Spesies Mikroalga dari BBPBAP Jepara secara Morfologi dan Molekuler menggunakan 18S rDNA
Authors: Gildantia Elke , Ferniah Rejeki Siti , Budiharjo Anto , Suprihadi Agung , Zainuri Muhammad , Kusumaningrum Hermin Pancasakti
Published: May 2022

Mikroalga merupakan organisme eukariot bersel satu yang habitatnya berada di perairan. Suatu spesies mikroalga koleksi kultur BBPBAP Jepara berpotensi menghasilkan astaxantin dalam jumlah tinggi. Namun, spesies ini belum di karakterisasi secara molekuler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh karakter morfologi dan molekuler pada isolat mikroalga dari BBPBAP Jepara menggunakan 18S rDNA guna memastikan spesies untuk pengembangan potensinya. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi kultivasi mikroalga, pengamatan pola pertumbuhan, pengamatan morfologi, isolasi DNA, amplifikasi menggunakan marka 18S rDNA, elektroforesis, analisis data sekuens, dan filogenetik menggunakan aplikasi NJ Plot dan MEGA 7. Hasil karakterisasi secara morfologi sel isolat mikroalga BBPBAP Jepara memperlihatkan bentuk bulat, berwarna hijau dengan ukuran 4,5 μm, tidak memiliki flagela, dan motilitas yang pasif. Hasil karakterisasi molekuler menggunakan 18S rDNA dari isolat mikroalga BBPBAP memperlihatkan kemiripan tertinggi dengan Chlorella sorokiniana sebesar 99%.  Microalgae are single-celled eukariyotic organisms whose habitat is in the waters. A species of microalgae from the Jepara BBPBAP culture collection was potential to produce high amounts of astaxantin. However, this species has not been detected molecularly previously. This study aimed to obtain the morphological and molecular characters of microalgae isolates from BBPBAP Jepara using 18S rDNA to ascertain the species and its potential development. The stages of the research carried out include; microalgae cultivation, growth pattern observation, morphological observation, DNA isolation, amplification using 18S rDNA markers, electrophoresis, sequence data analysis, and phylogenetic using NJ Plot and MEGA applications 7. Results of morphological characterization of the Jepara BBPBAP showed that cell of microalgae isolates had a round shape, green color with a size of 4.5μm, has no flagella and passive motility. The results of the molecular characterization using 18S rDNA showed that isolate BBPBAP had highest similarity with Chlorella sorokiniana about 99%.
Pengaruh Musim dan Pasang Surut Terhadap Konsentrasi Mikroplastik di Perairan Delta Sungai Wulan, Kabupaten Demak
Authors: Wulandari Sri Yulina , Radjasa Ocky Karna , Yulianto Bambang , Munandar Bayu
Published: May 2022

Sungai merupakan jalur penting masuknya mikroplastik ke perairan laut. Mikroplastik baik primer atau sekunder merupakan polutan partikel plastik yang berukuran kurang dari 5 mm (ukuran partikel mirip dengan partikel suspensi atau plankton). Termasuk sampah plastik, mikroplastik berpotensi menyebabkan terganggunya rantai makanan pada biota laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi mikroplastik di kolom air pada musim hujan dan kemarau saat kondisi pasang dan surut di perairan Delta Wulan, Kecamatan Wedung Kabupaten Demak. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Total sebanyak 32 sampel air laut diambil dengan menggunakan plankton net dari 8 stasiun pengamatan yang ditentukan secara purposive. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi musim dan pasang surut. Analisa kandungan mikroplastik dalam sampel air laut dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode yang direkomendasikan oleh NOAA. Prosedur analisa meliputi penyaringan sampel air, penambahan reagen (Fe (II) 0,05M, H2O2 30%, NaCl), pemanasan, pemisahan berdasarkan densitas dan analisa gravimeri, Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai konsentrasi mikroplastik lebih tinggi pada musim kemarau dibanding musim hujan, dengan nilai rerata berturut-turut sebesar 2,608 mg/L dan 2,247 mg/L. Dari analisa regresi ANOVA menunjukkan ada perbedaan konsentrasi berdasarkan musim (p-value sebesar 0,007), namun tidak ada perbedaan berdasarkan kondisi pasang dan surut (p-value sebesar 0,840).   Rivers are an important pathway for the entry of microplastics into marine waters. Microplastics, both primary and secondary, are pollutants of plastic particles that are less than 5 mm in size (particle size is similar to sediment suspense or plankton). Including plastic waste, microplastics have the potential to disrupt the food chain in marine biota. This study aims to determine the concentration of microplastics in the water column during the rainy and dry seasons during high and low tide conditions in the waters of the Wulan Delta, Wedung District, Demak Regency. The method used is descriptive quantitative. A total of 32 seawater samples were taken using a plankton net from 8 observation stations which were determined purposively. Sampling was carried out by considering seasonal and tidal conditions. Analysis of microplastic content in seawater samples was carried out using the procedure recommended by NOAA. The analytical procedure includes filtering of water samples, addition of reagent (Fe (II) 0.05M, 30% H2O2, NaCl), heating, density separation and gravimetric analysis. The results showed that the concentration of microplastics was higher in the dry season than in the rainy season, with an average value of 2,608 mg/L and 2,247 mg/L, respectively. From the ANOVA regression analysis showed that there was a difference in concentration based on seasons (p-value of 0.007), but there was no difference based on tidal and tidal conditions (p-value of 0.840).
400 Jahre Bibliothek der Hansestadt Lübeck – Ausblick auf die Zukunft mit der Herausforderung eines historischen Erbes
Authors: Schleiwies Gerald
Published: May 2022

Ein runder Geburtstag ist ein gern genommener Anlass zum Feiern. Doch je höher die Zahl, desto mehr Geschichte schwingt mit. In Lübeck kommt dazu, dass die Gründungsräume bis heute genutzt werden. Und es bleibt nicht bei den Räumlichkeiten, auch die Art und Weise der Aufgabenstellung ist durch die Historie bedingt recht einzigartig. In diesem Fall feiert eine Öffentliche Bibliothek, eine wissenschaftliche Bibliothek, eine historische Bibliothek und eine ehemalige Staatsbibliothek einer ehemals Freien Reichs- und Hansestadt.
Approximating the group algebra of the lamplighter by infinite matrix products
Authors: Ara Pere , Claramunt Joan
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we introduce a new technique in the study of the*{*}-regular closure of some specific group algebrasKGinside𝒰⁢(G){{\mathcal{U}}(G)}, the*{*}-algebra of unbounded operators affiliated to the group von Neumann algebra𝒩⁢(G){{\mathcal{N}}(G)}. The main tool we use for this study is a general approximation result for a class of crossed product algebras of the formCK⁢(X)⋊Tℤ{C_{K}(X)\rtimes_{T}{\mathbb{Z}}}, whereXis a totally disconnected compact metrizable space,Tis a homeomorphism ofX, andCK⁢(X){C_{K}(X)}stands for the algebra of locally constant functions onXwith values on an arbitrary fieldK. The connection between this class of algebras and a suitable class of group algebras is provided by the Fourier transform. Utilizing this machinery, we study an explicit approximation for the lamplighter group algebra. This is used in another paper by the authors to obtain a whole family ofℓ2{\ell^{2}}-Betti numbers arising from the lamplighter group, most of them transcendental.
Weakly locally compact abelian groups and their basic properties
Authors: Surmanidze Onise
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the algebraic structure of connected torsion-free
weakly locally compact abelian groups and properties of some weakly locally compact abelian groups are established.
The role of working memory in the effects of models as a written corrective strategy
Authors: Kang Eun Young
Published: May 2022

Several studies have evaluated the use of sample texts as models, against which second language (L2) learners can compare their original writing, as a written corrective feedback (WCF) strategy. This study contributes to this literature by investigating whether L2 learners’ working memory capacity, which is posited to play a crucial role in L2 learning, moderates the effects of models in WCF. Sixty-seven L2 college students were assigned to either a model group or a control group. Students in both groups individually engaged in a three-stage writing task (i.e., writing-comparing-rewriting), but only students in the model group received model essays during the comparison stage. Two weeks later, all participants were asked to repeat the same writing task, to investigate the long-term effects of models as well as to perform two working memory tasks: a complex working memory task (a reading span test) and a phonological short-term memory task (a non-word repetition test). Results showed that the model group learners made significant improvements in their writing, and maintained those positive effects after two weeks. In addition, complex working memory and phonological short-term memory were found to be significant predictors of the extent to which L2 learners benefitted from the use of models.
Reconstruction of local volatility surface from American options
Authors: Gong Wenxiu , Xu Zuoliang
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we discuss the reconstruction of a local volatility surface from American option prices. First of all, the American option prices are calculated by an accurate and fast finite difference scheme. Then the local volatility is obtained by minimizing the distance between theoretical prices and market option prices, which yields an optimization problem. The Bicubic spline regularization technique is used to overcome
the ill-posedness of the reconstruction problem. We solve the nonlinear optimization problem by using a gradient-based optimization algorithm.
Finally, we test our model with numerical examples and real market American put option data. The results show the good performance of our method.
Combined diagnostic value of insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, and baseline luteinizing hormone levels for central precocious puberty in girls
Authors: Ouyang Lixue , Yang Fan
Published: May 2022

Objectives

The golden standard test for diagnosing central precocious puberty (CPP) is the gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulation test, which has many limitations. This study aimed to investigate the value of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and basal luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in diagnosing CPP.

Methods

Cross-sectional study of the levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and basal LH in girls with a chief complaint of premature breast development. Seventy-nine girls with CPP and 37 girls with premature thelarche (PT) diagnosed at West China Second University Hospital from January 2016 to October 2018 were recruited. All patients underwent physical examination, laboratory tests, uterine and ovarian ultrasound, and bone age tests, only CPP patients underwent pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software 21.0. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine diagnostic value.

Results

The anthropometric data and hormone indicators between CPP and PT were statistically different (p<0.001), except for peak follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels (p=0.181). IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and basal LH levels were significantly higher in the subjects with CPP than in those with PT; IGF-1 and basal LH were positively correlated with peak LH and LH/FSH (peak) (p<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and basal LH were 0.880, 0.853, and 0.915, respectively. When combined, the AUC reached the highest value of 0.978.

Conclusions

IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and baseline LH levels were useful in diagnosing CPP. The combined analysis improved the diagnostic effectiveness.
Why maternal mortality in the world remains tragedy in low-income countries and shame for high-income ones: will sustainable development goals (SDG) help?
Authors: Kurjak Asim , Stanojević Milan , Dudenhausen Joachim
Published: May 2022

Maternal death is defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and the site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management. Maternal mortality (MM) and morbidity are a public health issue, with scarce knowledge on their levels and causes in low-income (LIC) countries. The data on MM and morbidity should rely on population-based studies which are non-existent. Therefore, maternal mortality ratio (MMR) estimates are based mostly on the mathematical models. MMR declined from 430 per 100,000 live births (LB) in 1990 to 211 in 2017. Absolute numbers of maternal deaths were 585,000 in 1990, 514,500 in 1995 and less than 300,000 nowadays. Regardless of reduction, MM remains neglected tragedy especially in LIC. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) declared reduction MMR by three quarters between 2000 and 2015, which failed. Target of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was to decrease MMR to 70 per 100,000 LB. Based on the data from the country report on SDGs in 10 countries with the highest absolute number of maternal deaths it can be concluded that the progress has not been made in reaching the targeted MMR. To reduce MMR, inequalities in access to and quality of reproductive, maternal, and newborn health care services should be addressed, together with strengthening health systems to respond to the needs and priorities of women and girls, ensuring accountability to improve quality of care and equity.
Encoding in Conceivability-Contexts: Zalta’s Theory of Intentionality versus Bourgeois-Gironde’s Notion of Quasi-encoding
Authors: Luporini Valentina
Published: May 2022

In (Bourgeois-Gironde, S. 2004. “On Zalta’s Notion of Encoding in Conceivability-Contexts.” Metaphysica 5), the author proposes a survey of Zalta’s Object Theory (Zalta, E. N. 1983. Abstract Objects: An Introduction to Axiomatic Metaphysics. Dordrecht: Reidel Publishing Company; Zalta, E. N. 1988. Intensional Logic and the Metaphysics of Intentionality. Cambridge: MIT Press) and, more specifically, of the Modal Axiom of Encoding (MAE). MAE claims that if something x possibly encodes a property F, then x necessarily encodes F. According to Bourgeois-Gironde, MAE fails to account for intentional phenomena which occur in conceivability-contexts. His solution is based on the notion of quasi-encoding: x quasi-encodes F iff x possibly encodes F. In this paper, I show that Bourgeois-Gironde’s concern is misguided and that Zalta’s framework captures the conceivability-phenomena at issue by modeling Husserl’s notion of Noemata. I then argue that his solution is superior to Bourgeois-Gironde’s. The philosophical significance of such a discussion nonetheless goes well beyond the debate between these two authors. Indeed, Zalta’s theory of Noemata is only sketched and needs to be further explored to see, on the one hand, whether and how Object Theory successfully describes the behavior of objects in conceivability-contexts, and, on the other hand, to test the efficacy of its primitive notions that are – as the contemporary debate on Neomeinongianism largely shows – anything but uncontroversial.
Franz Rosenzweig’s Concept of Redemption as a Vehicle for Confronting the Philosophical Problem of Contemporary Transhumanism
Authors: Turner Joseph (Yossi) , Shifman Berman Nadav
Published: May 2022

This article presents Franz Rosenzweig’s concept of redemption as a vehicle for raising some important questions for confronting the contemporary movement of Transhumanism. The upshot of our discussion is located in the existential questions asked, following a philosophical comparison of Rosenzweig’s religious and philosophical commitment to human life in its most robust form, with Transhumanism’s scientistic vision. To do so, the article first discusses some techno-scientistic assumptions of Transhumanism, showing that it presumes what was once a core principle of German Idealism, the identity of reason and being, against which Rosenzweig rebelled. Then, the article turns to examine Rosenzweig’s humanistic redemptive vision and its emphasis on the corporeal, the temporal, and the worldly (rather than the purely spiritual, the apocalyptic, and the other-worldly). The conclusion makes explicit the ways in which Rosenzweig’s redemptive vision provides a contrasting model to the one set forth by Transhumanism.
All-optical tunable wavelength conversion in opaque nonlinear nanostructures
Authors: Gao Jiannan , Vincenti Maria Antonietta , Frantz Jesse , Clabeau Anthony , Qiao Xingdu , Feng Liang , Scalora Michael , Litchinitser Natalia M.
Published: May 2022

We demonstrate a simple, femtosecond-scale wavelength tunable, subwavelength-thick nanostructure that performs efficient wavelength conversion from the infrared to the ultraviolet. The output wavelength can be tuned by varying the input power of the infrared pump beam and/or relative delay of the control beam with respect to the pump beam, and does not require any external realignment of the system. The nanostructure is made of chalcogenide glass that possesses strong Kerr nonlinearity and high linear refractive index, leading to strong field enhancement at Mie resonances. Although, as many other materials, chalcogenide glasses absorb in the ultraviolet range, fundamental phase-locking mechanism between the pump and the inhomogeneous portion of the third-harmonic signal enables ultraviolet transmission with little or no absorption.
Crystal structure of (Z)-3-((tert-butylamino) methylene)-2-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl) chroman-4-one, C24H23NO3
Authors: Liu Tianhao , Lv Menglan
Published: May 2022

C24H23NO3, orthorhombic, Pna21, a = 8.2490(11) Å, b = 15.886(2) Å, c = 16.218(2) Å, β = 99.465(2)°, Z = 4, V = 2096.4(5) Å3, R

gt
(F) = 0.0545, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1688, T = 273 K.
Synthesis and crystal structure of (E)-1-(4-(((E)-3-(tert-butyl)-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)phenyl)ethan-1-one O-ethyl oxime, C21H26N2O2
Authors: Zhao Ji-Xing , Chen Da-Qun , Wu Lei-Fang
Published: May 2022

C21H26N2O2, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 7.1425(7) Å, b = 9.2733(8) Å, c = 14.3161(13) Å, β = 93.592(4)°, V = 946.36(15) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt
(F) = 0.0461, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1148, T = 173(2) K.
The crystal structure of bis(4-(6-carboxy-8-ethyl-3-fluoro-5-oxo-5,8-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2- yl)piperazin-1-ium) adipate tetrahydrate, C36H52F2N8O14
Authors: Jiang Cheng-Jun , Xia Ying-Fan
Published: May 2022

C36H52F2N8O14, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 6.9775(4) Å, b = 9.0785(6) Å, c = 16.8942(10) Å, β = 92.778(2)°, V = 990.91(11) Å3, Z = 1, R

gt
(F) = 0.0397, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1088, T = 170 K.
Review and validation of photovoltaic solar simulation tools/software based on case study
Authors: Milosavljević Dragana D. , Kevkić Tijana S. , Jovanović Slavica J.
Published: May 2022

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are an excellent solution to meet energy demand and protect the global environment in many cases. With the increasing utilization of the PV system worldwide, there is an increasing need for simulation tools to predict the PV system’s performance and profitability. This research includes testing and comparison of PV tools: photovoltaic geographical information system (PVGIS), PVWatts, SolarGIS, RETScreen, BlueSol, PVsyst, HelioScope, PV*SOL, Solarius PV, Solar Pro, PV F-Chart, PolySun, solar advisor model (SAM), and hybrid optimization model for electric renewables (HOMER), based on experimental data obtained from fixed on-grid 2 kWp PV system in 2019. The PV system is part of a research project related to the examination of the PV system operation in real climatic conditions in Niš. This research investigates the most appropriate PV software for PV systems design by testing the most commonly used PV tools. It was accomplished by comparing experimental data obtained by a 2 kWp PV system in Niš and estimated data obtained from different PV tools. The study shows that annually, the experimentally measured average daily solar irradiation on the inclined plane was 5,270 Wh/m2/day, and the lowest deviation of the simulation results compared to experimental measurements was obtained by SolarPro. Total annual electricity production from the given system was 2455.621 kW h, and the lowest deviation of the simulation results compared to experimental measurements was obtained by PVGIS. By analyzing and publishing the actual solar irradiation and PV power output data, this study could help researchers to increase the PV systems modeling accuracy.
Investigation of optical and biocompatible properties of polyethylene glycol-aspirin loaded commercial pure titanium for cardiovascular device applications
Authors: Mohanta Monalisha , Thirugnanam A.
Published: May 2022

This research investigates the optical and biocompatible properties of alkali-treated cpTi immersed in aspirin and different molecular weights of polyethylene (PEG). Instrumental characterizations were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Additionally, drug release, antithrombotic, and cell adhesion studies were conducted in in-vitro conditions. The SEM micrographs showed that heat treatment of NaOH modified cpTi substrates increased the average surface pore size by 217%. Raman spectra’s active modes confirmed the presence of titanate groups which intensified the semiconductive nature of alkali-treated cpTi substrates. Further, the semiconductive nature was confirmed through the shift of the energy bandgap from 2.69 to 2.9 eV. The continuous redshift of the absorbance edge with an increase in the molecular weight of PEG indicates improved optical property. Following the Rigter–Peppas dynamic model, the drug release kinetics showed a non-Fickian dispersion (n < 1) and super case II transport (n = 2.21) for PEG-coated cpTi substrates. The alkali-treated cpTi-aspirin-PEG surface exhibits suitable antithrombotic property and interstitial cell adhesion with PEG coating. The modified surface on cpTi demonstrated a promising technique to improve the optical, antithrombotic, and biocompatibility performances, which are the prime requirement for the blood-interacted cardiovascular devices such as stents.
Iron Gall Ink Corrosion on Parchment. Preliminary Evaluation of Treatment Methods Using Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Behrens Lisa , Henniges Ute , Forstmeyer Kerstin , Brückle Irene
Published: May 2022

Ink corrosion on parchment is a phenomenon that, unlike its counterpart on paper, has so far been little researched. The same applies to the options for conservation treatment. In order to provide a guide for conservation practice as well as further research, five water-based treatment methods were examined: calcium phytate with pH 5.3 or 3.0, a 0.5% (w/w) solution type B gelatine, a 1% (w/w) solution of phytic acid at pH 2.2 and calcium phytate in combination with gelatine. These were tested on 70 specimens cut from on piece of buffed vellum and 36 specimens from an early modern deed on parchment that showed signs of ink degradation. After treatment and accelerated ageing, the samples were examined with colorimetry and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and tested with bathophenanthroline for free iron ions. None of the tested treatment methods achieved a fully reliable inhibition of ink corrosion, but apart from a moisture-catalysed acceleration of degradation reactions, no adverse effects were observed either. Results from ATR-FTIR suggest that oxidation plays a more important role in damage related to ink corrosion of parchment than hydrolysis.
Existence of solutions for fractional impulsive neutral functional differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motion
Authors: Lahmoudi Ahmed , Lakhel El Hassan
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we consider a class of fractional impulsive neutral stochastic functional
differential equations with infinite delay driven by a fractional Brownian motion in a real separable Hilbert space.
We prove the existence of mild solutions by using stochastic analysis and a fixed-point strategy.
The Politics of Income Inequality: Redistribution, Turnout and Responsiveness
Authors: Polacko Matthew
Published: May 2022

Income inequality is viewed as one of the greatest challenges facing democracies today. Democracy is predicated on the ideal of equality, but political inequality occurs when the preferences of some are systematically afforded more weight in the political process than others. This research paper investigates the causal chain that allows for political inequality to arise through preference formation, articulation, and aggregation, by outlining the effects that income inequality can have on preferences for redistribution, political participation, and policy responsiveness. It finds that the policy choices presented to the electorate substantially matter for democracy, especially so in this age of increasing income inequality. There appears to be a lack of policy choice provided by political parties resulting in unequal policy responsiveness to the preferences of lower-income earners.
Metaphor(s) of the platform economy in the trade union discourse
Authors: Manzella Pietro
Published: May 2022

Previous research has shown that trade unions have resorted to a number of rhetorical tools to make their arguments and ensure the voice of their members was heard. In a time in which union membership is declining and many have questioned trade unions’ representation role, the recourse to figurative language – e.g. metaphors – might contribute to getting unions’ messages through, restoring trust among affiliates. Against this backdrop, this paper examines the metaphorical devices employed in trade union discourse, with a view to appreciating the way they are utilised in employee relations and highlighting the values unions intend to promote through these figures of speech. To this end, discourse analysis is carried out on a data corpus consisting of documents issued by the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in a given timeframe, in which metaphorical language is employed. The analysis focuses on a specific topic, i.e. platform workers and the protection of their rights. The findings reveal that metaphors are used by trade unions to convey different meanings, which are intended to generate narratives aimed at safeguarding the rights of platform workers.
Iminium-substituted 2,3-dihydroisoxazoles: synthesis from acetylenic iminium salts and nitrones, and some transformations
Authors: Gerster Holger , Keim Michael , Maas Gerhard
Published: May 2022

Iminium-functionalized 2,3-dihydroisoxazoles (4-isoxazolines) were prepared in high yields by [3+2] cycloaddition of N-methyl-C-phenylnitrone and acetylenic iminium salts. Conversion of the very hygroscopic cycloadducts into neutral compounds was achieved by hydrolysis or hydride reduction of the iminium functional group. By a thermal rearrangement, the cycloadducts were converted into 2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazolium salts. With C,N-diphenylnitrone as the reaction partner, the expected cycloadduct, a [(2,3-dihydroisoxazol-4-yl)-1-(phenyl)methylene]-N,N-dimethylammonium triflate, could be prepared at −75°C and was characterized by NMR. This product was found to be thermally unstable above −30°C, being converted into an inseparable product mixture. Basic hydrolysis of this mixture afforded a structurally interesting acyclic enaminone/half-aminal, which is likely derived from a 2,3-dihydro-1,3-oxazole.
Prediction of a model crystal structure for Ni2F5 by first-principles calculations
Authors: Lindič Tilen , Sinha Shreya , Mattsson Stefan , Paulus Beate
Published: May 2022

Electrochemical fluorination in anhydrous HF, also known as the Simons process, is a widely used industrial method for fluorination of organic compounds. Its mechanism, being not so well understood, has long been debated and is believed to involve higher valent nickel fluorides formed on the nickel-plated anode during the process. One of these is speculated to be Ni2F5, which was previously reported in the literature and assigned via infrared spectroscopy, but its crystal structure is not yet known. We have identified known crystal structures of compounds with similar stoichiometries as Ni2F5 and utilized them as a starting point for our periodic DFT investigations, applying the PBE+U method. Ni2F5 as the most stable polymorph was found to be of the same crystal structure as another mixed valent fluoride, Cr2F5. The calculated lattice parameters are a = 7.24 Å, b = 7.40 Å, c = 7.08 Å and β = 118.9° with an antiferromagnetic ordering of the nickel magnetic moments.
USE OF KETOGENIC DIET THERAPY IN EPILEPSY WITH MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION: A SYSTEMATIC AND CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors:   Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey, Kocatürk R. R
Published: May 2022

With the development of molecular techniques over time more than %60 of epilepsy has associated with mitochondrial (mt) dysfunction. Ketogenic diet (KD) has been used in the treatment of epilepsy since the 1920s. Aim. To evaluate the evidence behind KD in mt dysfunction in epilepsy. Methods. Databases PubMed, Google Scholar and MEDLINE were searched in an umbrella approach to 12 March 2021 in English. To identify relevant studies specific search strategies were devised for the following topics: (1) mitochondrial dysfunction (2) epilepsy (3) KD treatment. Results. From 1794 papers, 36 articles were included in analysis: 16 (%44.44) preclinical studies, 11 (%30.55) case reports, 9 (%25) clinical studies. In all the preclinic studies, KD regulated the number of mt profiles, transcripts of metabolic enzymes and encoding mt proteins, protected the mice against to seizures and had an anticonvulsant mechanism. Case reports and clinical trials have reported patients with good results in seizure control and mt functions, although not all of them give good results as well as preclinical. Conclusion. Healthcare institutions, researchers, neurologists, health promotion organizations, and dietitians should consider these results to improve KD programs and disease outcomes for mt dysfunction in epilepsy.