bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The morphology of alveolar bone of the mandibular second and third molars in skeletal Class III patients
Authors: Jiang Liya , Weng Luxi , Yu Xin , Lin Jun
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To investigate the alveolar bone morphology of the mandibular second and third molars in skeletal Class III patients from a buccolingual direction.

Methods

Sixty skeletal Class III patients were recruited. The alveolar bone width, buccal cortical bone thickness and lingual cortical bone thickness were measured in five planes from mesial to distal and at five depths from gingival to root. The effects of the gender of the patients, the second molar lingual inclination and the third molar on alveolar bone width and cortical bone thickness were evaluated. To explore the effect of third molar extraction on alveolar bone morphology, the measurements before and after third molar extraction were compared.

Results

The impacted third molar had significantly greater alveolar bone width and thicker buccal cortical bone at the cervical third of the molar, while the erupted third molar had greater alveolar bone width at the apical third. Three weeks after third molar extraction, these advantages would weaken owing to the reconstruction of the alveolar bone. Patients with lingually inclined molar were observed to own thicker lingual cortical bone. Males tended to have greater alveolar bone width, but no significant differences were shown in this study.

Conclusions

The growth of the third molar and the second molar lingual inclination affect the alveolar bone morphology of the mandibular second and third molars significantly, but gender has trivial effects on the morphology. The alveolar bone morphology of the mandibular second and third molars would change 3 weeks after third molar extraction.
Sextuple knockouts of a highly conserved and coexpressed AUXIN/INDOLE‐3‐ACETIC ACID gene set confer shade avoidance‐like responses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yang Xinxing , Ma Yuan , Chen Jie , Huang Minhua , Qi Mengyuan , Han Ning , Bian Hongwu , Qiu Ting , Yan Qingfeng , Wang Junhui
Published: July 2024

AUXIN/INDOLE‐3‐ACETIC ACIDs are transcriptional repressors for auxin signalling. Aux/IAAs of Arabidopsis thaliana display some functional redundancy. The IAA3/SHY2 clade (IAA1, IAA2, IAA3 and IAA4) show strong sequence similarity, but no higher‐order mutants have been reported. Here, through CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we generated loss‐of‐function iaa1/2/3/4 mutants. The quadruple mutants only exhibited a weak phenotype. Thus, we additionally knocked out IAA7/AXR2 and IAA16, which are coexpressed with IAA1/2/3/4. Remarkably, under white light control conditions, the iaa1/2/3/4/7/16 mutants exhibited a shade avoidance‐like phenotype with over‐elongated hypocotyls and petioles and hyponastic leaves. The sextuple mutants were highly sensitive to low light intensity, and the hypocotyl cells of the mutants were excessively elongated. Transcriptome profiling and qRT‐PCR analyses revealed that the sextuple mutation upregulated IAA19/MSG2 and IAA29, two shared shade/auxin signalling targets. Besides, genes encoding cell wall‐remodelling proteins and shade‐responsive transcription regulators were upregulated. Using dual‐luciferase reporter assays, we verified that IAA2/IAA7 targeted the promoters of cell wall‐remodelling genes to inhibit their transcription. Our work indicates that the IAA1/2/3/4/7/16 gene set is required for the optimal integration of auxin and shade signalling. The mutants generated here should be valuable for exploring the complex interactions among signal sensors, transcription activators and transcription repressors during hormone/environmental responses.
Pediatric cutaneous Crohn disease: A case series of 89 patients and review
Authors: McKay Grace E. , Liu Lynn , Shaw Katharina S. , Shakshouk Hadir , Murphy Michael J. , Damsky William , Ortega‐Loayza Alex G. , Caplan Avrom S. , Arkin Lisa M. , Shields Bridget E.
Published: July 2024

Background

Cutaneous (or “Metastatic”) Crohn disease (CCD) is a rare and underrecognized disease characterized by cutaneous granulomatous inflammation. We describe patient demographics, clinical characteristics, histology, and treatment of 89 pediatric cases of CCD, including 78 previously reported and 11 new cases seen at four academic institutions. We emphasize the efficacy of biologic mono‐ and dual therapy.

Methods

PubMed identified cases using keywords including “metastatic Crohn disease” and “cutaneous Crohn disease”. Patients were identified by retrospective review of the electronic health record including histopathologic diagnosis consistent with CCD. Chart review collected demographic, clinical, and histologic data.

Results

Most pediatric patients with CCD are male 55% (49/89), present with edema (73/89, 82%) and erythema (47/89, 53%) of the genitals (33/49, 67%), and have intestinal Crohn disease (69/89, 78%). Oral corticosteroids (53/75, 71%) and metronidazole (29/75, 39%) are the most frequently prescribed medications. Of the 17 patients treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐blockade, 94% (16/17) had partial or total clearance. Ustekinumab resulted in clearance of cutaneous disease in two patients (2/3, 67%) and partial clearance in one patient (1/3, 33%). Two cases achieved total clearance with the use of dual biologic therapy defined as the use of two biologic therapies with differing mechanisms of action or the use of a biologic therapy and small molecule inhibitor.

Conclusions

TNF blockade is an effective treatment for pediatric CCD, and interleukin‐12/23 inhibitors may be similarly effective. Consideration of dual biologic therapy may be useful in pediatric patients requiring discordant therapies for their intestinal and cutaneous CD.
Bringing the deep self back to the racecourse: Rethinking accountability and the deep self
Authors: Zhang Ke
Published: July 2024

Deep self views of moral responsibility suggest that an agent fully satisfies the freedom condition for responsibility if and only if her actions or omissions issue from, and so express, her deep self. This analysis generates both false negatives and false positives regarding people's responsibility, and counterexamples proliferate. I defend a novel version of the deep self view by offering a necessary condition for accountability while retaining the core of deep self views. Indeed, an agent may be blameworthy for her wrongdoing without it issuing from, and so expressing, her deep self. And yet, I argue that she must have a deep self for which she is responsible. This is achieved by paying closer attention to history than standard views have. Focusing on history then reveals a less discussed problem for standard views: the ahistorical features of them make them less equipped to explain cases of blameworthiness that is undermined.
Sustainable aquaculture over the last 30 years: An analysis of the scientific literature by the Text Mining approach
Authors: Tucciarone Isabella , Secci Giulia , Contiero Barbara , Parisi Giuliana
Published: July 2024

A literature search approach (using Scopus®, Elsevier© database) was established to identify peer‐reviewed articles published in English between 1960 and 2023 dealing with ‘sustainable aquaculture’ and focusing on specific aquaculture practices (aquaponics, integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture, biofloc and recirculating aquaculture systems). Text Mining combined with Topic Analysis was utilized to extract information from the text data of the papers identified. After an appropriate screening procedure, 1111 articles were selected. The analysis showed a gradual increase in sustainable aquaculture publications over time, peaking at more than 200 publications in 2023. The first articles on biofloc, integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture and recirculating aquaculture systems as alternative aquaculture practices began to appear in 2010, while studies in aquaponics have only been published since 2015. Most publications (40%) came from Asia, in line with the leadership of this continent in aquaculture. European also showed considerable interest in sustainable aquaculture practices, with Italy (leader in publications), Portugal and Germany researchers contributing with 111 papers on the subject in the past 30 years. This study identified the main research topics on the subject and observed how these have evolved. The papers analysed dealt mainly with optimization of aquatic life, genetic in aquaculture and disease management. The topic of protein replacement in feed was also important, with the term ‘diet’ the most frequently utilized in papers. The subjects identified could serve as valuable primary data source, offering opportunities for deeper examination, such as systematic reviews on research topics or geographic regions.
The impact of a disaster recovery policy on health status of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake victims: Evidence from a natural experiment
Authors: Huang Qiong , Bhandari Gautam , Khan Ghulam Dastgir , Yoshida Yuichiro
Published: July 2024

The 2015 Gorkha earthquake destroyed key infrastructure in Greater Kathmandu and the surrounding earthquake‐affected areas, undermining the health status of affected households. As one of the disaster recovery policies, the Nepalese government distributed taxi permits to severely affected households through a lottery. Leveraging on this natural experimental setting, we examine the impact of the policy on their health status and access to health services. The results show that the treated households have fewer chronic and diarrhoeal diseases, and fewer doctor visits. However, we find no significant difference in the households' medical expenditure between the two groups. We also find that rural households with the taxi permits benefit more from the policy. The results of this study may provide policymakers with some insight to enhance their post‐disaster recovery strategy.
Comparative responses of renewable energy stock market to economic policy uncertainty and climate policy uncertainty shocks: Evidence from China
Authors: Yang Xiuqi , Nie Jing
Published: July 2024

With rising climate policy uncertainty (CPU) and economic policy uncertainty (EPU), it is crucial to analyze the factors influencing the renewable energy stock market (RE) from a comprehensive perspective. Using data from January 2009 to May 2022, we use a time‐varying parameter vector autoregressive model with stochastic volatility (TVP‐VAR‐SV) to examine CPU, EPU, macroeconomic factors, and RE in a unified framework. We analyze the various responses of RE to CPU and EPU. Furthermore, we test for differences in the impact of the four classifications of EPU on RE. The findings are as follows. The time‐varying impact of CPU on RE is centered on the short term and is positive during non‐crisis periods. In contrast, the impact of EPU on RE is negative in the short term. In addition, causal identification at the micro level reveals that RE can increase by 0.932% on average after being affected by CPU. Further comparing the four classifications of EPU, we find that exchange rate policy uncertainty has the largest negative impact. Our study enriches the investment theory on RE. It avoids biased interpretations of various policy uncertainties and has a significant implication for policymakers, renewable energy firms, and investors.
Outcomes in solid organ transplant recipients receiving organs from a donor with Fusarium solani species complex meningitis
Authors: Griffin Isabel S. , Smith Dallas J. , Annambhotla Pallavi , Gold Jeremy A. W. , Ostrosky‐Zeichner Luis , Kauffman Carol A. , Gade Lalitha , Litvintseva Anastasia , Friedman Daniel ZP , Nishio Lucar Angie G , Parpia Tarina C , Lieberman Joshua , Bujan Janet , Corkrean Julie , Divatia Mukul K. , Grimes Kevin , Lin Jiejian , Mobley Constance , Schwartz Mary R. , Hannawi Bashar , Malilay Anne , O'Boye Anne , Lysne Jeffrey , Subramani Mrinalini Venkata , Heckmann Hayley , Servellita Venice , Chiu Charles , Basavaraju Sridhar V.
Published: July 2024

Background

Five organs (heart, right lung, liver, right, and left kidneys) from a deceased patient were transplanted into five recipients in four US states; the deceased patient was identified as part of a healthcare‐associated fungal meningitis outbreak among patients who underwent epidural anesthesia in Matamoros, Mexico.

Methods

After transplant surgeries occurred, Fusarium solani species complex, a fungal pathogen with a high case‐mortality rate, was identified in cerebrospinal fluid from the organ donor by metagenomic next‐generation sequencing (mNGS) and fungal‐specific polymerase chain reaction and in plasma by mNGS.

Results

Four of five transplant recipients received recommended voriconazole prophylaxis; four were monitored weekly by serum (1‐3)‐β‐d‐glucan testing. All five were monitored for signs of infection for at least 3 months following transplantation. The liver recipient had graft failure, which was attributed to an etiology unrelated to fungal infection. No fungal DNA was identified in sections of the explanted liver, suggesting that F. solani species complex did not contribute to graft failure. The remaining recipients experienced no signs or symptoms suggestive of fusariosis.

Conclusion

Antifungal prophylaxis may be useful in preventing donor‐derived infections in recipients of organs from donors that are found to have Fusarium meningitis.

image
Emerging shadows: HHV‐8‐associated encephalitis unveiled in a solid organ transplant recipient
Authors: Mann Inderjit , Morado‐Aramburo Oscar , Hasbun Rodrigo
Published: July 2024

Human herpesviruses (HHVs) cause a wide variety of central nervous system (CNS) infections including meningitis and encephalitis. While HHV‐8 is not typically associated with neurological diseases, several studies have indicated a relationship, such as secondary central nervous system (CNS) metastases and a few isolated cases of HHV‐8 encephalitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV). However, it has not been previously linked to encephalitis in solid organ transplantation (SOT). This case presents the first‐ever instance of HHV‐8 encephalitis in a SOT recipient. Our case highlights the association of HHV‐8‐related diseases, such as post‐transplant Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS), with encephalitis. The patient was diagnosed with KS before developing neurological symptoms and received a prompt clinical response through intravenous foscarnet and ganciclovir treatment for 14 days. It is important to note that HHV‐8 is a rare cause of encephalitis, and diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion in the appropriate clinical context, allowing for the use of antiviral therapy. This case also underscores the importance of considering the possibility of HHV‐8‐related diseases in SOT recipients, as they are at risk of developing such infections.
Context‐dependent antisense transcription from a neighboring gene interferes with the expression of mNeonGreen as a functional in vivo fluorescent reporter in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Navarrete Axel , Pollak Bernardo
Published: July 2024

Advancing chloroplast genetic engineering in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii remains challenging, decades after its first successful transformation. This study introduces the development of a chloroplast‐optimized mNeonGreen fluorescent reporter, enabling in vivo observation through a sixfold increase in fluorescence via context‐aware construct engineering. Our research highlights the influence of transcriptional readthrough and antisense mRNA pairing on post‐transcriptional regulation, pointing to novel strategies for optimizing heterologous gene expression. We further demonstrate the applicability of these insights using an accessible experimentation system using glass‐bead transformation and reestablishment of photosynthesis using psbH mutants, focusing on the mitigation of transcriptional readthrough effects. By characterizing heterologous expression using regulatory elements such as PrrnS, 5′atpA, and 3′ rbcL in a sense‐transcriptional context, we further documented up to twofold improvement in fluorescence levels. Our findings contribute new tools for molecular biology research in the chloroplast and evidence fundamental gene regulation processes that could enable the development of more effective chloroplast engineering strategies. This work not only paves the way for more efficient genetic engineering of chloroplasts but also deepens our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms at play.
General extenders in New Zealand Englishes
Authors: Onysko Alexander , Degani Marta
Published: July 2024

This paper provides insight into the use of general extenders (e.g., and stuff, or something and and whatnot) in New Zealand Englishes as spoken by Māori and New Zealand European (Pākehā) New Zealanders. Based on audio‐recorded data of prompted co‐constructed narrations, the article explores the types of general extenders and their rate of occurrence in both groups. Contrary to expectations, the group of Pākehā New Zealanders shows a significantly higher rate of using general extenders compared to the Māori participants while the preferred types of general extenders overlap to a large extent among the two speaker groups. A close‐up on the by far most widely spread general extender in both groups (and stuff) unveils interesting patterns of variation across the Māori and Pākehā New Zealanders.
A Study on the Fracture Toughness Evaluation Considering Material Tensile Characteristic for Cryogenic Steel
Authors: Kim Ji Hoon , Jeong Young Cheon , Cho Dong Pil , Kim Myung Hyun
Published: July 2024

ISO 12135, a representative standard for the evaluation of fracture toughness, was revised in 2021. In the previous standard published in 2016, only yield strength was reflected for material property in fracture toughness calculation. In the revised standard, however, yield to tensile strength ratio is additionally reflected in consideration of strain hardening effect of the material. The current fracture toughness calculation formula evaluates fracture toughness reasonably considering the tensile characteristic. However, in some cases of cryogenic steels, fracture toughness is evaluated very conservatively than the previous procedure in 2016. In the case of STS 304L, there is no ductile-brittle transition phenomenon and it has excellent ductility and strength in cryogenic temperature. However, due to the secondary hardening phenomenon, yield to tensile strength ratio is relatively low, and as a result, fracture toughness is evaluated very low. The target of this study is to resolve the undervaluation of fracture toughness of cryogenic steel in the revised ISO 12135. For this purpose, the elastic and the plastic parameters in crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) equation in ISO 12135 are examined. The crack tip profile is derived by a series of finite element analysis and crack tip opening displacement is calculated for the derivation of new parametric equations for cryogenic materials. The calculated crack tip opening displacement is validated by experimental results.
Review and Gap Analysis of Heliostat Components and Controls
Authors: Armijo Kenneth M. , Muller Matthew , Tsvankin Daniel , Madden Dimitri
Published: July 2024

This investigation provides a comprehensive literature review pertaining to heliostat components and controls as part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Heliostat Consortium (Heliocon) program. This work presents a detailed assessment of subcomponents, controls and wireless communications elements that comprise various designs of helisotats within concentrating solar power (CSP) installations. Additionally, this work also provides the results of an industry survey, intended to compliment the literature discussion, to provide a gap analysis of the primary technology and cost areas that need to be addressed to help improved to spur concentrating solar power (CSP) bankability. Although the results of the study determined several key areas for development, three strategic areas identified were: (1) the use of advanced composite materials to replace a need for expensive steel within the structure and mirror substrate, (2) employment of closed-loop controls for automated calibration, reduction of commissioning time and O&M hours, reduction of drive requirements, as well as overall cost reduction, and (3) the need for more Heliostat-centric codes and standards to facilitate engineering confidence in the development of new features, cost reductions, or other design iterations to be seamlessly introduced without optical performance problems.
The effects of extended-wear hearing aids on the localization accuracy of listeners with normal audiometric thresholds
Authors: Spencer Nathaniel J. , Sherlock LaGuinn P. , Pryor Nina , Iyer Nandini , Gallagher Hilary L. , Brungart Douglas S.
Published: July 2024

Extended-wear hearing aids (EWHAs) are small broadband analog amplification devices placed deeply enough in the ear canal to preserve most of the cues in the head-related transfer function. However, little is known about how EWHAs affect localization accuracy for normal hearing threshold (NHT) listeners. In this study, eight NHT participants were fitted with EWHAs and localized broadband sounds of different durations (250 ms and 4 s) and stimulus intensities (40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 dBA) in a spherical speaker array. When the EWHAs were in the active mode, localization accuracy was only slightly degraded relative to open-ear performance. However, when the EWHAs were turned off, localization performance was substantially degraded even at the highest stimulus intensities. An electro-acoustical evaluation of the EWHAs showed minimal effects of dynamic range compression on the signals and good preservation of the signal pattern for vertical polar sound localization. Between-study comparisons suggest that EWHA active mode localization accuracy is favorable compared to conventional active earplugs, and EWHA passive mode localization accuracy is comparable to conventional passive earplugs. These results suggest that the deep-insertion analog design of the EWHA is generally better at preserving localization accuracy of NHT listeners than conventional earplug devices.
Global trends in clinical trials involving engineered biomaterials
Authors: Lele Mahim , Kapur Shaunak , Hargett Sarah , Sureshbabu Nivedhitha Malli , Gaharwar Akhilesh K.
Published: July 2024

Engineered biomaterials are materials specifically designed to interact with biological systems for biomedical applications. This paper offers the comprehensive analysis of global clinical trial trends involving such materials. We surveyed 834 studies in the
ClinicalTrials.gov
database and explored biomaterial types, their initiation points, and durations in clinical trials. Predominantly, synthetic and natural polymers, particularly silicone and collagen, are used. Trials, focusing on ophthalmology, dentistry, and vascular medicine, are primarily conducted in the United States, Canada, and Italy. These trials encompass a broad demographic, and trials enrolled fewer than 100 participants. The study duration varied ranging from 0.5 to 4.5 years. These biomaterials are mainly bioresorbable or bioinert, with the integration of cells in biomaterials remaining an underexplored area. Our findings shed light on current practices and future potentials of engineered biomaterials in clinical research, offering insights for advancing this dynamic field globally.
Role of slip in hydrogen-assisted crack initiation in Ni-based alloy 725
Authors: Liu Mengying , Jiang Lai , Demkowicz Michael J.
Published: July 2024

We conduct in situ tensile straining experiments to investigate the role of hydrogen and slip in crack initiation in nickel-based alloy 725. Our experiments reveal no tendency for hydrogen to enhance localized slip and no necessity of slip for crack initiation. We use electrochemical charging to introduce hydrogen into samples, melt extraction to measure hydrogen content, and digital image correlation to analyze localized plastic strains during in situ tensile tests in a scanning electron microscope. Cracks initiate both in regions with and without nearby localized slip. Moreover, the fraction of cracks initiating with no nearby slip is greater at higher hydrogen content. Slip-assisted crack initiation generally occurs at locations where intergranular slip is arrested, especially at intersections of slipping coherent twin boundaries with thin twin lamellae. Cracks that initiate without nearby slip occur at a wider variety of microstructural features, including inclusions, triple junctions, and surface flaws.
K
v
1.3-induced hyperpolarization is required for efficient Kaposi’s sarcoma–associated herpesvirus lytic replication
Authors: Carden Holli , Harper Katherine L. , Mottram Timothy J. , Manners Oliver , Allott Katie L. , Dallas Mark L. , Hughes David J. , Lippiat Jonathan D. , Mankouri Jamel , Whitehouse Adrian
Published: July 2024

Kaposi’s sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic herpesvirus that is linked directly to the development of Kaposi’s sarcoma. KSHV establishes a latent infection in B cells, which can be reactivated to initiate lytic replication, producing infectious virions. Using pharmacological and genetic silencing approaches, we showed that the voltage-gated K
+
channel K
v
1.3 in B cells enhanced KSHV lytic replication. The KSHV replication and transcription activator (RTA) protein increased the abundance of K
v
1.3 and led to enhanced K
+
channel activity and hyperpolarization of the B cell membrane. Enhanced K
v
1.3 activity promoted intracellular Ca
2+
influx, leading to the Ca
2+
-driven nuclear localization of KSHV RTA and host nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) proteins and subsequently increased the expression of NFAT1 target genes. KSHV lytic replication and infectious virion production were inhibited by K
v
1.3 blockers or silencing. These findings highlight K
v
1.3 as a druggable host factor that is key to the successful completion of KSHV lytic replication.
Bipotential B-neutrophil progenitors are present in human and mouse bone marrow and emerge in the periphery upon stress hematopoiesis
Authors: Shahbaz Shima , Rosero Eliana Perez , Syed Hussain , Hnatiuk Mark , Bozorgmehr Najmeh , Rahmati Amirhossein , Zia Sameera , Plemel Jason , Osman Mohammed , Elahi Shokrollah
Published: July 2024

Hematopoiesis is a tightly regulated process that gets skewed toward myelopoiesis. This restrains lymphopoiesis, but the role of lymphocytes in this process is not well defined. To unravel the intricacies of neutrophil responses in COVID-19, we performed bulk RNAseq on neutrophils from healthy controls and COVID-19 patients. Principal component analysis revealed distinguishing neutrophil gene expression alterations in COVID-19 patients. ICU and ward patients displayed substantial transcriptional changes, with ICU patients exhibiting a more pronounced response. Intriguingly, neutrophils from COVID-19 patients, notably ICU patients, exhibited an enrichment of immunoglobulin (Ig) and B cell lineage-associated genes, suggesting potential lineage plasticity. We validated our RNAseq findings in a larger cohort. Moreover, by reanalyzing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data on human bone marrow (BM) granulocytes, we identified the cluster of granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMP) enriched with Ig and B cell lineage-associated genes. These cells with lineage plasticity may serve as a resource depending on the host’s needs during severe systemic infection. This distinct B cell subset may play a pivotal role in promoting myelopoiesis in response to infection. The scRNAseq analysis of BM neutrophils in infected mice further supported our observations in humans. Finally, our studies using an animal model of acute infection implicate IL-7/GM-CSF in influencing neutrophil and B cell dynamics. Elevated GM-CSF and reduced IL-7 receptor expression in COVID-19 patients imply altered hematopoiesis favoring myeloid cells over B cells. Our findings provide novel insights into the relationship between the B-neutrophil lineages during severe infection, hinting at potential implications for disease pathogenesis.

IMPORTANCE

This study investigates the dynamics of hematopoiesis in COVID-19, focusing on neutrophil responses. Through RNA sequencing of neutrophils from healthy controls and COVID-19 patients, distinct gene expression alterations are identified, particularly in ICU patients. Notably, neutrophils from COVID-19 patients, especially in the ICU, exhibit enrichment of immunoglobulin and B cell lineage-associated genes, suggesting potential lineage plasticity. Validation in a larger patient cohort and single-cell analysis of bone marrow granulocytes support the presence of granulocyte-monocyte progenitors with B cell lineage-associated genes. The findings propose a link between B-neutrophil lineages during severe infection, implicating a potential role for these cells in altered hematopoiesis favoring myeloid cells over B cells. Elevated GM-CSF and reduced IL-7 receptor expression in stress hematopoiesis suggest cytokine involvement in these dynamics, providing novel insights into disease pathogenesis.
Complete genome sequence of the probiotic
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei
LPC100 strain from the NORDBIOTIC collection isolated from a human fecal sample
Authors: Szczepankowska Agnieszka K. , Cukrowska Bożena , Aleksandrzak-Piekarczyk Tamara
Published: July 2024

We report the genome sequence of the human fecal isolate
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei
LPC100 from the NORDBIOTIC collection, comprising a 3.075 Mb chromosome and three plasmids (61 kb, 12 kb, and 7 kb). Genetic content reveals the strain’s beneficial features—complete lactose metabolic pathway, potential production of bacteriocins, and short-chain fatty acids.
Metagenome-assembled genome sequence of
Spiroplasma phoeniceum
, assembled from the hindgut of
Locusta migratoria
, a migration grasshopper species
Authors: Kim Jaeha , Murakami Takumi , Toyoda Atsushi , Mori Hiroshi
Published: July 2024

Spiroplasma phoeniceum
is a plant pathogen and a mesophilic microaerophile. Here, we report the metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) sequence of
S. phoeniceum
binned from hindgut contents of the wild-type male
Locusta migratoria
, a grasshopper species. The MAG sequence comprises 1,059,205 bp in 91 contigs with a 26.3% of GC content.
Distinct prophage gene profiles of
Staphylococcus aureus
strains from atopic dermatitis patients and healthy individuals
Authors: Wang Zhongjie , Peng Xue , Hülpüsch Claudia , Khan Mirzaei Mohammadali , Reiger Matthias , Traidl-Hoffmann Claudia , Deng Li , Schloter Michael
Published: July 2024

Staphylococcus aureus
strains exhibit varying associations with atopic dermatitis (AD), but the genetic determinants underpinning the pathogenicity are yet to be fully characterized. To reveal the genetic differences between
S. aureus
strains from AD patients and healthy individuals (HE), we developed and employed a random forest classifier to identify potential marker genes responsible for their phenotypic variations. The classifier was able to effectively distinguish strains from AD and HE. We also uncovered strong links between certain marker genes and phage functionalities, with phage holin emerging as the most pivotal differentiating factor. Further examination of
S. aureus
gene content highlighted the genetic diversity and functional implications of prophages in driving differentiation between strains from AD and HE. The HE group exhibited greater gene content diversity, largely influenced by their prophages. While strains from both AD and HE universally housed prophages, those in the HE group were distinctively higher at the strain level. Moreover, although prophages in the HE group exhibited variously higher enrichment of differential functions, the AD group displayed a notable enrichment of virulence factors within their prophages, underscoring the important contribution of prophages to the pathogenesis of AD-associated strains. Overall, prophages significantly shape the genetic and functional profiles of
S. aureus
strains, shedding light on their pathogenic potential and elucidating the mechanisms behind the phenotypic variations in AD and HE environments.

IMPORTANCE

Through a nuanced exploration of
Staphylococcus aureus
strains obtained from atopic dermatitis (AD) patients and healthy controls (HE), our research unveils pivotal genetic determinants influencing their pathogenic associations. Utilizing a random forest classifier, we illuminate distinct marker genes, with phage holin emerging as a critical differential factor, revealing the profound impact of prophages on genetic and pathogenic profiles. HE strains exhibited a diverse gene content, notably shaped by unique, heightened prophages. Conversely, AD strains emphasized a pronounced enrichment of virulence factors within prophages, signifying their key role in AD pathogenesis. This work crucially highlights prophages as central architects of the genetic and functional attributes of
S. aureus
strains, providing vital insights into pathogenic mechanisms and phenotypic variations, thereby paving the way for targeted AD therapeutic approaches and management strategies by demystifying specific genetic and pathogenic mechanisms.
Environment Risk Assessment of Healthcare Waste Using Ensemble Learning Technique-Based EFMEA
Authors: Liu Kening
Published: July 2024

Healthcare waste (HCW) affects the sustainable development of the environment greatly. The choice of medical waste treatment methods has become a significant concern for public health and safety due to the rapid surge in the volume and diversity of medical waste. As an important aspect of environmental risk assessment (ERA), HCW risk assessment plays a crucial role in environmental protection to develop sustainability strategies. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) has been extensively utilized in HCW risk assessment in the past few decades. In this paper, we aimed to address the limitations of traditional FMEA while incorporating the benefits of diverse FMEA methods and employ a novel ensemble learning technique-based FMEA method to perform risk assessment of HCW. A real-world case of HCW risk assessment is investigated for the verification of the performance and effectiveness of the ensemble learning technique-based Environment FMEA (EFMEA). Result of the case study shows that this ensemble learning technique-based EFMEA can provide a more reliable assessment result for HCW risk management.
NEWS AND INFORMATION RIGIDITY: FURTHER EVIDENCE FROM GDP GROWTH FORECASTS
Authors: MIAH FAZLUL
Published: July 2024

The study investigates the existence and the extent of information rigidity in gross domestic product (GDP) growth forecasts among 25 developed and 18 developing economies during 2002–2017 period utilizing a survey dataset never explored before on this issue. In general, the study finds ample evidence of information rigidity. However, it is not as common and as severe as it is in earlier studies. Our study also finds ample evidence of overreaction to new information. Information rigidity is present during the recession period for the developed countries, and we find some evidence of information gathering picking up during the recession period. Overall, we notice less forecast rigidity or inefficiency in our study compared to some earlier studies. Our multi-country test results show that forecast revisions depend on both own country and cross-country lagged revisions. In general, forecast revisions of developed economies, especially USA, prompt revisions in other developed and developing economies. Similarly, some developing countries’ forecast revisions prompt revisions in other developed and developing countries although at smaller magnitudes. Therefore, we confirm from earlier studies that one source of forecast rigidity is not to incorporate overseas events in forecast revisions quickly and completely.
Single-Molecule Imaging of Integral Membrane Protein Dynamics and Function
Authors: Modak Arnab , Kilic Zeliha , Chattrakun Kanokporn , Terry Daniel S. , Kalathur Ravi C. , Blanchard Scott C.
Published: July 2024

Integral membrane proteins (IMPs) play central roles in cellular physiology and represent the majority of known drug targets. Single-molecule fluorescence and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) methods have recently emerged as valuable tools for investigating structure–function relationships in IMPs. This review focuses on the practical foundations required for examining polytopic IMP function using single-molecule FRET (smFRET) and provides an overview of the technical and conceptual frameworks emerging from this area of investigation. In this context, we highlight the utility of smFRET methods to reveal transient conformational states critical to IMP function and the use of smFRET data to guide structural and drug mechanism-of-action investigations. We also identify frontiers where progress is likely to be paramount to advancing the field.
Comparison of Multiparametric MRI–targeted and Systematic Biopsies for Detection of Cribriform and Intraductal Carcinoma Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ghai Sangeet , Klotz Laurence , Pond Gregory R. , Kebabdjian Marlene , Downes Michelle R. , Belanger Eric C. , Moussa Madeleine , van der Kwast Theodorus H.
Published: July 2024

Cribriform pattern and intraductal carcinoma prostate cancer were more commonly detected at multiparametric MRI–targeted biopsy compared with systematic biopsy.
Intraindividual Comparison of Different Methods for Automated BPE Assessment at Breast MRI: A Call for Standardization
Authors: Müller-Franzes Gustav , Khader Firas , Tayebi Arasteh Soroosh , Huck Luisa , Bode Maike , Han Tianyu , Lemainque Teresa , Kather Jakob Nikolas , Nebelung Sven , Kuhl Christiane , Truhn Daniel
Published: July 2024

Substantial heterogeneity was observed between different background parenchymal enhancement categorization methods; methods that consider enhancement intensity were more closely correlated to experienced radiologists’ visual analysis than methods that consider enhancing volume.
MRI versus Dual-Energy CT in Local-Regional Staging of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Li Qiong , Xu Wei-Yue , Sun Na-Na , Feng Qiu-Xia , Zhu Zhen-Ning , Hou Ya-Jun , Sang Zi-Tong , Li Feng-Yuan , Li Bo-Wen , Xu Hao , Liu Xi-Sheng , Zhang Yu-Dong
Published: July 2024

In this noninferiority study, personalized supine-prone MRI with zoomed diffusion-weighted imaging and free-breathing dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging had higher accuracy than dual-energy CT for local-regional staging of gastric cancer.
Multidimensional Analysis of the Adult Human Heart in Health and Disease Using Hierarchical Phase-Contrast Tomography
Authors: Brunet Joseph , Cook Andrew C. , Walsh Claire L. , Cranley James , Tafforeau Paul , Engel Klaus , Arthurs Owen , Berruyer Camille , Burke O’Leary Emer , Bellier Alexandre , Torii Ryo , Werlein Christopher , Jonigk Danny D. , Ackermann Maximilian , Dollman Kathleen , Lee Peter D.
Published: July 2024

Hierarchical phase-contrast tomography (HiP-CT) enables ex vivo virtual autopsy cardiac imaging with high spatial resolution, providing nondestructive, three-dimensional, multiscale analysis of intact healthy and diseased adult human hearts without contrast agents.
CT Chest Imaging Using Normalized Join-Count: Predicting Emphysema Progression in the CanCOLD Study
Authors: Virdee Sukhraj , Tan Wan C. , Hogg James C. , Bourbeau Jean , Hague Cameron J. , Kirby Miranda ,   on behalf of the CanCOLD Collaborative Research Group, Samet Jonathon , Puhan Milo , Hamid Qutayba , Baglole Carolyn , Mancino Palmina , Li Pei-Zhi , Song Zhi , Jensen Dennis , Smith Benjamin Mcdonald , Fortier Yvan , Dligui Mina , Chapman Kenneth , Duke Jane , Gershon Andrea S , Fitzgerald J Mark , Sadatsafavi Mohsen , Lo Christine , Cheng Sarah , Un Elena , Fung Cynthia , Haynes Nancy , Zheng Liyun , Zou LingXiang , Comeau Joe , Walker Brandie L , Dumonceaux Curtis , Hernandez Paul , Fulton Scott , Aaron Shawn , Vandemheen Kathy , O’Donnell Denis , McNeil Matthew , Whelan Kate , Maltais Francois , Brouillard Cynthia , Marciniuk Darcy , Clemens Ron , Baran Janet
Published: July 2024

Using CT normalized join-count to quantify emphysema voxel compactness, this study demonstrates its predictive capability for emphysema progression as quantified by CT lung density and decline in lung function and gas transfer in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Cell firing between ON alpha retinal ganglion cells and coupled amacrine cells in the mouse retina
Authors: Wang Qin , So ChungHim , Pan Feng
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the role of gap junctions in transmitting electrical signals between cells and their potential for cell control. Using ON α retinal ganglion cells (α-RGCs) and amacrine cells (ACs) in the mouse retina, the researchers find that the extent of coupling between ACs affects synchronized firing. Bidirectional signaling occurs between ACs and ON α-RGCs through gap junctions.
Decreased skeletal muscle intramyocellular lipid droplet-mitochondrial contact contributes to myosteatosis in cancer cachexia
Authors: Cardaci Thomas D. , VanderVeen Brandon N. , Huss Alexander R. , Bullard Brooke M. , Velázquez Kandy T. , Frizzell Norma , Carson James A. , Price Robert L. , Murphy E. Angela
Published: July 2024

We sought to advance our understanding of skeletal muscle lipid metabolism and dynamics in cancer cachexia. Cachexia increased the number and size of intramyocellular lipid droplets (LDs). Furthermore, decreases in LD-mitochondrial touch, contact length, and relative contact along with increased LD shape complexity with decreases in circularity and roundness. Dysregulation in lipid metabolism and LD-associated proteins was also documented. Collectively, we show that myosteatosis, altered LD morphology, and decreased LD-mitochondrial interactions occur in cancer cachexia.
Secondary bile acids in portal blood contribute to liver regeneration in a rat model of partial hepatectomy
Authors: Kaur Impreet , Juneja Pinky , Tiwari Rajnish , Vasudevan Ashwini , Mourya Akash K. , Trauner Michael , Sarin Shiv K. , Tripathi Dinesh M. , Kaur Savneet
Published: July 2024

Based on metabolome analysis of portal and peripheral serum in 70% partial hepatectomy (PHx) models, we described previously unreported metabolic alterations related to liver regeneration. The study also identified substantial changes among portal and peripheral serum metabolites in both control and PHx rats. We identified the potential role of portal vein metabolites including sphingosine-1-phosphate and deoxycholic acid in promoting hepatocyte proliferation and, hence, liver regeneration following PHx.
Long-term effects on cardiorespiratory and behavioral responses in male and female rats prenatally exposed to cannabinoid
Authors: Patrone Luis Gustavo A. , Frias Alana T. , Fantinatti Gabriel T. , Stabile Angelita M. , Klein Wilfried , Bícego Kênia C. , Gargaglioni Luciane H.
Published: July 2024

The surge in recreational cannabis use and cannabinoid-based medication prescription among pregnant women has been notable in recent years, fueled by the misconception that natural products are inherently safe. Significant gaps persist regarding the potential risks of maternal consumption of cannabinoids and the long-term effects on the cardiorespiratory system of their offspring, which may be determined by sex. Accordingly, this research aims to diminish this lack of information and raise a note of caution.
FGF2 is secreted in extracellular vesicles from lung cells
Authors: Olave Nelida C. , Halloran Brian , Ambalavanan Namasivayam
Published: July 2024

We found that multiple lung cell types release basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2)-18kDa both directly into the extracellular environment (secretome), as well as in extracellular vesicles (EVs). Bronchial epithelial cells released more FGF2-18kDa in EVs during hyperoxia, which could be internalized rapidly by recipient cells. We also identified potential binding partners of FGF2-18kDa in nuclei that may mediate downstream effects that do not involve FGF2 binding to cell surface receptors. We also confirmed a potential angiogenic role for FGF2-18kDa.
Chronic hyperglycemia aggravates lung function in a Scnn1b-Tg murine model
Authors: Cui Guiying , Moustafa Dina A. , Zhao Shilin , Cegla Analia Vazquez , Lyles James T. , Goldberg Joanna B. , Chandler Joshua D. , McCarty Nael A.
Published: July 2024

We established a chronic CFRD-like mouse model using the Scnn1b-Tg transgenic mice overexpressing the epithelial sodium channel β subunit made diabetic by injection of streptozotocin. The results underscore the urgent need to develop novel therapeutics for CF lung disease.
LOXL2 inhibition ameliorates pulmonary artery remodeling in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Steppan Jochen , Wang Huilei , Nandakumar Kavitha , Gadkari Mahin , Poe Alan , Pak Lydia , Brady Travis , Berkowitz Dan E. , Shimoda Larissa A. , Santhanam Lakshmi
Published: July 2024

Pulmonary arterial stiffening contributes to the progression of PAH and the deterioration of right heart function. This study shows that LOXL2 is upregulated in rat models of PH. LOXL2 inhibition halts pulmonary vascular remodeling and improves PA contractility, endothelial function, and PA pressure, resulting in prolonged survival. Thus, LOXL2 is an important mediator of PA remodeling and stiffening in PH and a promising target to improve PA pressures and survival in PH.
5‐Methoxytryptophan Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium‐Induced Colitis by Inhibiting the Intestinal Epithelial Damage and Inflammatory Response
Authors: Wang Yanling , Li Jun , Yang Qinyuan , Zhu Zhenhang , Cheng Fang , Ai Xiangyan , Liu Yang , Zhao Dongbao , Zhao Futao , Cheng Peng
Published: July 2024

Background. Colitis is a refractory intestinal inflammatory disease significantly affecting the quality of a patient’s life and increasing the risk of exacerbation. The primary factors leading to colitis encompass infections, insufficient blood flow, and the buildup of collagen as well as white blood cells. Among various available therapeutics, 5‐methoxytryptophan (5‐MTP) has emerged as one of the protectants by inhibiting inflammatory damage. Nonetheless, there is no report on the role of 5‐MTP in the treatment of colitis. Materials and Methods. To verify the anti‐inflammatory effect of 5‐MTP in vivo, we first constructed mouse model with dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis. Furthermore, the macrophage infiltration and release of inflammatory factors through western blot (WB) and hematoxylin–eosin staining analyses were examined. Intestinal epithelial cell tight junction damage and apoptosis were investigated by WB analysis, immunofluorescence, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. Finally, we examined the generation of cellular inflammation and analyzed the influence of 5‐MTP on M1 polarization at the cellular level. Results. This study initially confirmed that 5‐MTP possessed an excellent therapeutic effect on colitis. 5‐MTP inhibits macrophage infiltration and the generation of inflammatory factors. In addition to its effects on immune cells, 5‐MTP significantly inhibits intestinal epithelial cell tight junction damage and apoptosis in vivo. Moreover, it inhibits inflammation and M1 polarization response in vitro. Conclusion. 5‐MTP counteracts excessive inflammation, thereby preventing intestinal epithelial tight junction damage. In addition, inhibition of apoptosis suggests that 5‐MTP may be a potential therapeutic agent for colitis.