bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of taxation of business entities in the IT-industry
Authors:   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Shatskova Lіubov , Partas Daria ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University
Published: August 2023

This article investigated the current order of taxation of business entities of IT-industry. It was presented the scheme of taxation of business entities in IT-industry, depending on their role: taxpayers or tax agents. According to certain criteria it was made a comparison of different systems of taxation, which can be used by business entities of IT-industry. It was considered f number of existing schemes in the structure of the tax system, which reflect the possible variants of business activities in IT-industry, besides that the introduction of new projects aimed at the tax regulation of IT-industry was carried out. The possible variants of taxation for value added tax on transactions for the supply of software products and services in IT-companies was presented. Аn informative guide of the rules of taxation for value added tax on transactions for the supply of software products and ІТ-services was proposed.
Peculiarities of the introduction of infocommunication technologies in the practice of higher education and their influence on increasing the competitiveness of higher education institutions
Authors:   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Yatsenko Marianna , Kovalenko Albina ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University
Published: August 2023

The main features of introduction of infocommunication technologies in practice of higher school and modern tendencies of use of infocommunication technologies in high institutions are considered in the article. Possibilities for improvement of educational process in high institutions which arise at introduction of infocommunication technologies are defined. The advantages of application of infocommunication technologies in higher institutions are formulated. The problems of introduction of infocommunication technologies in the practice of higher institutions are analyzed and possible obstacles are identified. The term «competitiveness of higher education» is studied. The influence of infocommunication technologies on increasing the competitiveness of higher education institutions is determined. Prospects for the development of infocommunication technologies in universities are outlined. Recommendations for the integration of information technology in higher institutions practice are given.
Comprehensive Design Of Community Development
Authors:   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Lypynska Olena , Balan Oleksandr ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University
Published: August 2023

The article analyzes the activities of local self-government bodies at the level of united territorial communities through the analysis of programs of integrated community development planning, their stages and problems that arise in their development. Approaches to researching the content of community development potential are identified. The main problems that hinder capacity development, have been identified: low level of organizational capacity of local self-government bodies, lack of organizational strategy and organizational processes, low level of interest and awareness of the processes of local self-government reform and lack of certainty in the land legislation.
Administrative activities in the field of public administration
Authors:   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Lebedeva Vera , Dobrianskа Natalia ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Trofimenko Kateryna ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University
Published: August 2023

The article considers the concept, features and content of administrative activities, the difference between administrative activities and other activities of government, features of administrative activities, regulation of administrative activities.
Functioning and development of the market of transport services of Ukraine: scientific approaches and tools
Authors:   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Lypynska Olena , Bukoros Tetyana ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Syta Yevgeniia ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University
Published: August 2023

The article considers the main trends of the transport services market, examines their leading functions of services in terms of interaction with the external environment, pays attention to the impact of transport on international and world trading systems. The basic conditions of the transport services market formation and perspective development principles of the transport enterprises functioning are analyzed. It is given main legislative and regulatory acts on which the priorities of the state policy in the field of maritime transport are based.
Introducing E-Governance both in Ukraine and in the World
Authors:   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Sviridova Svіtlana , Bondarenko Alisa ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Purici Stefan ,   Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava
Published: August 2023

The article examines the basic legal framework for the development of e-Governance both in Ukraine and abroad. The essence, features and advantages of functioning of e-government technologies are analyzed. The current condition of e-Governance in Ukraine in comparison with the status of its implementation in European countries, the compliance of Ukrainian legislation with the e-governance objectives is determined. It is established that on the global stage e-Governance is understood as a factor in increasing a state’s competitiveness. E-Governance implements for our country are relatively new, so Ukraine lags far behind in the pace of e-Governance implementation (82d place among 193 countries in the comprehensive assessment of E-Government In Support of Sustainable Development in 2018). The main characteristics of the world models of e-Governance in comparison with Ukraine are systematized.
Transtibial protez kullanan bireylerde sağlam tarafta CAD/CAM tabanlık kullanımının plantar basınç ve postüral stabiliteye anlık etkisi
Authors: AKBEN Onur , KUTLUTÜRK YIKILMAZ Seval , ATILGAN Esra
Published: August 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmada transtibial protez kullanan bireylerin sağlam ekstremitesinde tabanlık kullanımının plantar basınç ve postüral stabiliteye anlık etkisini incelemek amaçlandı.

Yöntem: Çalışma transtibial protez kullanan 18-65 yaş aralığındaki 16 unilateral transtibial ampute üzerinde yapıldı. Ayak postürü Ayak Postür İndeksi, kalkaneus açısı CJ Ortho mobil uygulaması (Collège des Jeunes Orthopédistes–CJO) ve üniversal gonyometrik ölçüm, ayak plantar basıncı ve postüral stabilite Sensor Medica®️ sistemi, denge Berg Denge Ölçeği ile değerlendirildi. Tabanlık öncesi ve sonrası yapılan değerlendirmeler anlık olarak kaydedildi. Normal dağılım Shapiro Wilk testi ile yapıldı ve tüm verilerin normal dağılım göstermediği belirlendi. İki bağımlı değişken arasındaki farkı ortaya koymak için non-parametrik testlerden Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Testi kullanıldı. Çalışmanın istatistiksel analizi SPSS 21.00 programı kullanılarak 0,05 anlamlılık sınırında yapıldı.

Bulgular: Bireylerin sağlam ekstremitedeki tabanlık ile plantar basınç kuvvetlerinin (ön ayak yüklenme, toplam yüklenme, ön ayak temas yüzeyi, toplam temas yüzeyi) yükseldiği, maksimum basıncın azaldığı gözlemlendi. Tabanlık ile ayak bileğinin subtalar eklem açısının azaldığı ve postüral salınım uzunluğunda ve medio-lateral salınımda azalma meydana geldiği görüldü.

Sonuç: Transtibial protez kullanan amputelerde sağlam ekstremitede kişiye özel tabanlık uygulamasının anlık olarak postüral salınımı azalttığı ve ayağın plantar basınç dağılımını iyileştirdiği bulundu. Sağlam tarafta kişiye özel tabanlık kullanımının protez kullanan ampute bireyler için teşvik edilmesi gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz.
Management of pregnancy and childbirth of women with operated uterus after cesarean section and anterior uterine wall placenta location (literature review)
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Golyanovskiy O.V. , Holenia I.M. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: August 2023

Purpose – to bring to the attention of obstetrician-gynecologists the relevance of influence of the placental location on the anterior uterine wall in women with an operated uterus after cesarean section (CS) on the course of pregnancy and childbirth with the prevention and minimization of possible complications. The placental location on the anterior wall of the uterus in pregnant women with a uterine scar after CS is the object of research in modern obstetrics. This factor of placental location can affect the course of pregnancy and childbirth, as well as creation increased risk of complications related to the health of the mother and fetus. An operated uterus with placental location on the anterior uterine wall can become a potential etiological factor of perinatal morbidity, which can be accompanied by intrauterine growth restriction, an increase in miscarriage and preterm birth, placenta previa and placenta accreta spectrum frequency, as well as an increased risk of uterine rupture in attempting vaginal birth after cesarean. As commonly stated, optimal conditions for fetal development are created by the placental location at uterus fundus, though labor dystocia is often observed during childbirth in this case. An increase in the percentage of CS and pregnancy in women with a uterine scar is often the cause of the decidual membrane defect and increases the frequency of placenta accretion (placenta accreta/increta/percreta) cases up to 30% in the cohort. One of the possible factors contributing to the attachment of the placenta to the anterior uterine wall is the presence of uterine scar after previous CS. Numerous studies indicate a significant increase in the frequency of placenta accreta cases over the past 20 years due to increase in CS cases and wide implementation of assisted reproductive technologies. Studies according to established criteria are still insufficient in modern obstetrics due to the limited number of pregnant women with localization of the placenta along the anterior wall after CS. More attention in studies is paid to the course of pregnancy and the method of delivery of pregnant women with a scar on the uterus. That states the focus of this article on the importance of clarification the pathogenesis, prevention of complications and delivery of pregnant women with uterine scar after CS and the placental anterior uterine wall localization. These findings confirm the need for further scientific research on this obstetric problem. Understanding the mechanisms behind this etiological connections can contribute to the development of better strategies for monitoring, diagnosis and various options for the delivery with the minimization of possible perinatal complications. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Ultrasound criteria of fetal growth retardation in premature birth
Authors:   SHEI «Uzhgorod National University», Ukraine, Tsmur O.V. , Hetsko N.V. ,   SHEI «Uzhgorod National University», Ukraine
Published: August 2023

Purpose - to increase the effectiveness of forecasting and early diagnosis of fetal growth retardation (FGR) in premature pregnancy on the basis of ultrasound examination. Materials and methods. 165 pregnant women were examined: 30 patients with an uncomplicated pregnancy that ended in physiological timely delivery - the control group (CG); 45 patients with premature birth (PB) (the Group I); 45 women with full-term pregnancy and FGR (the Group II) and 45 patients with PB and FGR (the Group III). Ultrasound examination included serial dynamic fetometry and placentography, dopplerography of vessels of the umbilical cord, ductus venosus, middle cerebral artery and fetal aorta with determination of systolic blood flow velocity and systolic peak velocity of blood flow, systolic-diastolic ratio, index resistance and pulsation index. Statistical processing of research results was carried out using standard programs «Microsoft Excel 5.0» and «Statistica 8.0». Results. А significant decrease in the parameters of the biparietal size of the fetal head in pregnant women of the Group III was detected at 24-25 weeks of pregnancy: in the CG - 66.4±0.65 mm, in the Group III - 65.02±0.31 mm (p<0.05), in the Group II - 66.2±0.46 mm. A more pronounced slowdown in the rate of growth of the biparietal size of the fetal head was found in pregnant women at 28-29 weeks of gestation, when a significant decrease (p<0.05) in its growth rate was observed in pregnant women of the Groups II and III. The peculiarities of the formation and functioning of the fetoplacental complex in this Groups were characterised by impaired fetal haemodynamics: increase in blood circulation velocity in the venous duct - 74.43±2.24 cm/s vs. 46.54±1.62 cm/s, respectively; p<0.05; increase in pulsatile index in the uterine artery - 1.611±0.04 vs. 1.424±0.07; p<0.05, and in the middle cerebral artery - 1.527±0.02 vs. 1.251±0.03; p<0.005, indicating the tension of subcompensatory reactions. Conclusions. Ultrasound feto- and placentametry in pregnant women with premature births against the backdrop of FGR showed that in patients with premature births, statistically significant deviations in the size of the fetus and placenta are observed from 24-25 weeks of gestation. Disruption of fetal hemodynamics is indicated by a significant increase in the speed of blood circulation in the ductus venosus in the Groups II and III (74.43±2.24 cm/s vs. 46.54±1.62 cm/s; p<0.05). The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Case of acute recurrent myocardial infarction in a child
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine, Synoverska O.B. , Alekseyeva Yu.I. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine, Velychko T.M. ,   MNPE Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital of the Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Council, Ukraine, Vovk Z.V. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine, Fomenko N.M. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine
Published: August 2023

Information on the essential aspects of prevalence, etiology and pathogenesis of coronary heart disease, which is the leading cause of death in the world, is given in this article. It is emphasized that the incidence of ischemic coronary events is the result of a complex sequence of pathogenetic links, which involves the formation of atherosclerotic lesions and destabilization as the primary provoking factor. Purpose - the attraction of the medical community attention to the problem of ischemic heart disease in children. A clinical case of recurrent myocardial infarction in a child who was examined and treated at the MNPE «Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital of the Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Council», is described here. The key points of the patient’s complaints, anamnesis of life and this disease are described, the data of the objective condition at the hospitalization and during dynamic observation of the child, which showed the signs of left ventricular overload, coronary blood flow disorder, dilatation of the left heart ventricles, decreased left ventricular contractility. The data of the main indices of laboratory and instrumental methods of research, including X-ray diagnostic methods, performed not only on the basis of the department, but also in the Scientific-Practical Medical Center of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine (Kyiv). The treatment of this clinical case in the child is described in this article. The data of dynamic observation are given. The discussion and conclusions emphasize the problem of coronary insufficiency in pediatrics, which requires clinical understanding, the choice of the correct diagnostic algorithm and qualified medical care. The study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent of the child’s parents was obtained for the research conduction. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Crohn’s disease in young children. Difficult path to diagnosis
Authors:   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Shadrin O.G. , Misnyk V.P. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Marushko T.L. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics of Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.М. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Mostovenko R.V. ,   National Children’s Specialized Hospital «OKHMATDYT» of Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: August 2023

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is a group of chronic diseases characterized by destructive non-specific immune inflammation of the intestinal wall. The main forms include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Currently, Crohn's disease is one of the most urgent problems of children's gastroenterology, which is due to the annual increase in morbidity, "rejuvenation" of the pathological process, difficulties of diagnosis treatment, and high risk in developing of complications. IBDs with very early onset of manifestation have an atypical or erased clinical picture, which makes timely diagnosis in this age group of patients much more difficult. Purpose - to describe own clinical observation of a case of Crohn's disease with a very early onset. Clinical case. Was presented an observation of a patient of 2 years and 7 months old with Crohn’s disease the feature of which was a severe course with pronounced lesion of the gastrointestinal tract. The results of clinical data, laboratory, instrumental and histological methods of research, the complex stages of diagnosing of Crohn’s disease, as well as the issues of the patient’s treatment were discussed. The peculiarity of the described case was the early onset of the disease, continuously relapsing course, frequent acute respiratory diseases accompanied with diarrheal syndrome, absence of some specific complaints and changes in biochemical and immunological tests, corticosteroid dependence and severe extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn’s disease (anemia of a mixed nature). The diagnosis of Crohn’s disease was made at the age of 1year and 9 months (1 year and 4 months after the appearance of the first symptoms), which was confirmed a year later after a repeat examination. Late diagnosis was caused by the variety of clinical manifestations, absence of clear symptoms of the disease at the first stages of observation. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, informed consent of the child's parents was obtained for the research. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Difficulties in diagnosing Kimerly’s anomaly (own clinical observation)
Authors:   Donetsk National Medical University, Lуman, Ukraine, Khapchenkova D.S. , Dubyna S.О. ,   Donetsk National Medical University, Lуman, Ukraine, Skorobogach S.S. ,   Donetsk National Medical University, Lуman, Ukraine, Husiev V.M. ,   Donetsk National Medical University, Lуman, Ukraine
Published: August 2023

Kimmerle’s anomaly is characterized by the presence of a bony arch of congenital or secondary origin in the structure of the first cervical vertebrae, which restricts the movement of the vertebral artery and causes its compression. This pathology belongs to craniovertebral malformations - congenital anatomical defects of the structure of the junction of the skull with the first cervical vertebra. Kimerly’s anomaly is diagnosed in approximately 12-30% of the population, causing vertebral artery syndrome, which is the cause of chronic ischemia in the posterior parts of the brain. Purpose - to describe the clinical case of Kimmerle’s anomaly in a teenager as an example of a long diagnostic search for this pathology. Clinical case. A 9-year-old girl complained of frequent headaches accompanied by vomiting. Similar conditions occurred every 3-4 weeks. Gastroenterological and neurological factors were not detected. The conditions were relieved by sleep, and drug therapy was not effective. During puberty, such attacks became less frequent and later disappeared. At the age of 16, the girl began to complain of neck pain, recurrent migraines, sharp «shooting» pain in the ear, accompanied by a buzzing sound, ringing, later joined by syncopal states, gait instability, and facial muscle weakness. An X-ray of the craniovertebral junction revealed Kimmerle’s anomaly. The patient’s condition improved with the use of the Shantz collar and constant physical therapy and neuroprotective therapy. Conclusions. Kimmerle’s anomaly can be asymptomatic and incidental, but in younger patients with a combination of neuro-otolaryngological symptoms and drop attacks, this pathology should be excluded. When taking anamnesis, attention should be paid to the chronology and conditions of symptom onset, as well as the patient’s medical history. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Prevention of oral diseases in children with epidermolysis bullosa: a case report and literature review
Authors:   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine, Ivanchyshyn V.V. , Kuzyk A.S. ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine,   Western Ukrainian Specialized Children’s Medical Centre, Lviv, Ukraine, Stadnyk U.O. ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine, Kuzyk M.A. ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine
Published: August 2023

Today, more than 300 million people worldwide suffer from one or more rare diseases. Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a heterogeneous group of hereditary diseases characterized by a genetic predisposition to a hypersensitive body reaction to minor skin damage, characterized by the formation of blisters and erosions on the skin and mucous membranes, followed by scarring. It is one of the most severe hereditary dermatoses. In EB, pathological conditions also occur in the oral cavity. Thus, patients with EB require a special “atraumatic” approach to medical procedures, hygienic care, professional oral hygiene, etc. Purpose - to systematize clinical recommendations for oral care for patients with BE on the basis of a clinical case. Clinical case. We present a clinical case of a patient with a dystrophic EB and a diagnosis of acute chronic granulating periodontitis. Examination of the oral cavity revealed microstomia, multiple caries, erosions and ulcers on the oral mucosa, signs of chronic catarrhal gingivitis, as well as dentoalveolar anomalies. After achieving a satisfactory degree of mouth opening using a set of exercises for the maxillofacial muscles, treatment of the acute chronic granulating periodontitis of the tooth 23 was performed. As a result of the clinical observation and analysis of the literature, we systematized practical recommendations aimed at facilitating the treatment of oral diseases in patients with EB. Conclusions. Treatment of oral diseases in patients with EB is primarily aimed at preventing pain and preventing secondary infection of affected areas. Treatment of dental caries contributes to the correct position of the tongue, improved swallowing and phonetics, as well as to improvement in nutritional status and aesthetic appearance. Oral hygiene reduces the risk of injury to the oral and pharyngeal mucosa. In the treatment of patients with EB, it is important to use a multidisciplinary approach with the involvement of specialists of different specialties. Implementation of simple but effective recommendations made by pediatric dentists will increase the effectiveness of prevention of oral diseases in these children. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent of parents and child was obtained for the study. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
A case of mitochondrial episodic myopathy (variant without optic atrophy and reversible leukoencephalopathy) in the Carpathian region
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine, Fomenko N.M. , Oleksyn M.I. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine, Synoverska O.B. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine, Berezna T.H. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine, Kryshtafovych Y.L. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine
Published: August 2023

Mitochondrial episodic myopathy with/or without optic nerve atrophy and reversible leukoencephalopathy (MEOAL, OMIM 251900) belongs to rare primary mitochondrial myopathies, caused by nuclear genome DNA mutations with autosomal recessive inheritance. Purpose - to inform about the case of this current rare mitochondrial miopathy and encrease the knowledge of practical doctors in scope of diagnostics and treatment of the current orphan pathology Clinical case. In the clinical case being presented herein, the sick child had a severe course of the disease in the form of episodes of severe myopathy (during one of them there was a need for long-term mechanical lungventilation with the placement of a tracheostomy) in combination with severe metabolic crises. During crises, persistent keto- and lactic acidosis, a sharp increase in transaminases (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) and creatine kinase in blood serum were observed. The patient did not have optic nerve atrophy or leukoencephalopathy. A similar course of the disease is described in the literature by different authors in only 3 cases. Molecular genetic analysis (Invitae laboratory, San Francisco) revealed 2 mutations of the FDX2 gene (the disease is associated with this gene) with uncertain pathogenic significance. Considering the presence of cardinal symptoms of MEOAL, this diagnosis was set to the patient, and therefore the detected mutations of the FDX2 gene should be considered as pathogenic. Conclusions. A thorough syndromic analysis of the phenotype together with a set of paraclinical examinations, including modern molecular genetic methods, made it possible to establish a clinical diagnosis of an extremely rare primary mitochondrial myopathy, which will contribute to further elucidation of relationships in the «genotype-phenotype» system and, possibly, reclassification of pathogenic genotypes in modern databases, as well as finding optimal approaches in treatment and rehabilitation of patients. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Determination of tolerance to physical exertion body reserves in school-age children with obesity and arterial hypertension
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Marushko Yu.V. , Hyshchak T.V. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kostynska N.G. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine,, Dmytryshyn O.A. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: August 2023

Determining of tolerance to physical exertion (TPE) in children with various diseases is an important diagnostic aspect of modern medicine. This area helps to improve the prognostic capabilities of doctors and improve approaches to therapeutic interventions in patients with various pathologies. In pediatrics, there are limited data on the study of TPE in patients with hypertension and no data at all in children with a combination of hypertension and obesity. Purpose - to assess the level of TPE and body reserves in school-age children with obesity and arterial hypertension. Materials and methods. 112 patients aged 9-18 took part in the study. All patients were divided into four groups. The Group 1 (control) included children with normal blood pressure and normal body weight; the Group 2 included patients with arterial hypertension and normal body weight; the Group 3 - with normal arterial pressure and obesity; the Group 4 - with a combination of arterial hypertension and obesity. Results and conclusions. If patients have hypertension or obesity, a decrease in VO2max is noted, which is more pronounced when these pathologies are comorbid. Obese boys have a tendency to increase maximum systolic blood pressure during bicycle ergometry (158.2±8.4 mmHg) compared to healthy children (149.4±10.5 mmHg). The average values of maximum diastolic blood pressure during bicycle ergometry in all studied groups did not differ significantly from the average values of the control group. Obesity is accompanied by a more pronounced decrease in vascular reserves than arterial hypertension, the comorbidity of these diseases in patients is associated with the deterioration of these reserves in comparison with patients who have only one disease. The obtained results indicate a decrease in cardiac reserves when the patient has comorbidities of arterial hypertension and obesity. At the same time, the presence of only one of the named diseases in the patient is not accompanied by a significant decrease in indicators compared to the control group. In patients with arterial hypertension, a less effective use of myocardial reserves and an increased demand for myocardial oxygen during work compared to healthy children are noted. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Neuropsychiatric disorders in children with congenital heart defects
Authors:   SI «Ukrainian Medical Center for the Rehabilitation of Children with Organic Damage to the Nervous System of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine», Kyiv, Martyniuk V.Yu. , Rudenko N.M. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv,   SI «Scientific and practical medical center of children’s cardiology and cardiac surgery of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine», Kyiv, Fedushka H.M. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv,   National Specialised Children’s Hospital «OKHMATDYT» of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: August 2023

The article is devoted to the actual problem of children’s neurology, children’s cardiology and children’s cardiac surgery - namely, the features of neuropsychological development (NPD) in children with congenital heart defects (CHD). Purpose - to review modern research on the diagnosis of NPD in children with CHD, which is a necessary condition for optimizing patient care and developing a rehabilitation plan. The topicality of the topic is due to the lack of research on the early diagnosis of the violation of the NPD of this category of children. Consider features of development and damage to the brain in children with congenital heart defects. The relationship between the action of various epigenetic factors and pathophysiological factors that influence neuropsychological development in children with CHD is highlighted. Features of diagnosis of NPD in children with CHD using neuromonitoring, scales and tests (near-infrared spectroscopy, electroencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, Bailey scales, Peabody scale) are shown. Conclusions. The relationship between the type of heart defect and the features of the child’s NPD has been determined. The adverse effect of cyanotic heart defects on the child’s neurodevelopment has been confirmed. Early diagnosis of CHD, including prenatal, and timely surgical correction at an early age significantly improve the results of surgical treatment and exert a positive influence on further NPD. The emphasis is on continuing the search for early diagnostic markers in order to optimize the treatment of NPD in children with CHD, as well as the development of effective rehabilitation methods for this category of children. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Kounis syndrome: terra incognita
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine, Berezna T.G. , Synoverska O.B. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine, Fomenko N.M. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine, Vovk Z.V. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine, Shatynska T.V. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine
Published: August 2023

The most common cause of death in the world is acute disorders of coronary blood circulation, and allergic diseases, which are progressively increasing, are recognized as a «disease of civilization». Kounis syndrome is a pathology characterized by coronary disorders against the background of hypersensitivity caused by various conditions (medications, environmental influences, food, coronary stents, etc.). Vasospastic allergic angina, allergic myocardial infarction, and stent thrombosis with occlusive thrombus infiltrated with eosinophils and/or mast cells are three variants of this syndrome. In Ukraine, clinical cases of Kounis syndrome have not been described, which is explained by low awareness and, accordingly, insufficient alertness of the medical community. Purpose - to acquaint the medical community with the etiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, features of clinical manifestations and modern diagnostic methods of Kounis syndrome. The article presents a review of modern literature sources that describe the prevalence, most common causes, mechanisms of development, clinical manifestations, and management of various variants of Kounis syndrome. Conclusions. Kounis syndrome is a common pathology characterized by the development of coronary blood circulation disorders against the background of allergic diseases. In the presence of any allergic pathology (especially during an exacerbation), a search for signs of coronary circulation disorders (еlectrocardiography, determination of the level of troponins and other cardiac enzymes) should be conducted for the purpose of timely diagnosis and treatment of Kounis syndrome. To predict the risk of development and recurrence of Kounis syndrome, it is recommended to study the allergic profile of the patient and cardiological risk factors already in childhood (conducting the multicomponent Alex test, determining the lipid profile, еlectrocardiography after allergic provocation), studying the genome. To prevent the occurrence and recurrence of Kounis syndrome, patients with allergic pathology should follow basic therapy to achieve control over inflammation. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Recent Improvements in Adult Wilms Tumor Diagnosis and Management: Review of Literature
Authors: Sakthivel Vishnupriya , Ismail Z Adeeb , Vijayabalan Devashree
Published: August 2023

Wilms tumor, also denoted as nephroblastoma, an embryonal type of renal cancer, is the most common cancer that affects children in the first 5 years of life. Wilms tumor is very rarely seen in adults. Both adults and children showcase varied clinical symptoms. The metastasis of tumor in both adults and children are not uncommon. Though histological differences between children and adults are insignificant, the prognosis of adult Wilms tumors compared to children is abysmal. Despite remarkable advancements in oncology, no standard treatment protocol exists for Wilms tumor in adults. Children Wilms tumor treatment protocol is currently followed for adults with some changes. In this article, we reviewed the available treatment options for Wilms tumor in adults and protocols followed widely.
Calculation-theoretical justification of the compensation grouting parameters for the metropolitan railway protection from sedimentary deformations
Authors: Koval Sergey , Pestryakova Ekaterina , Piskunov Aleksandr , Smirnov Aleksandr , Kharchenko Aleksei , Sonin Aleksandr , Idiatulin Daniil , Kharchenko Igor
Published: August 2023

An increase in the volume and scale of underground space development, including the construction of metropolitan railway facilities in large cities, is accompanied by a significant impact on the surrounding urban development, which requires the development and implementation of a set of special measures to protect buildings and structures from excess deformations. At the same time, numerous above-ground and underground structures are involved in the area of influence of the construction, including existing metropolitan railway facilities, as well as residential buildings and above-ground transport facilities.

Сurrently, one of the most effective methods that provide reliable facilities protection from sedimentary deformations is the compensation grouting method.

The article outlines the theoretical foundations for the use of compensation grouting technology to protect buildings and structures from excess sedimentary deformations during the construction of transport infrastructure facilities in dense urban areas.

A mathematical model has been developed that corresponds to the actual geometry of the computational area of the metropolitan railway lobby with a soil base, the actual physical and mechanical characteristics of the materials of its structures, and the soil mass.

The article presents the computer modeling results, with its help determined volumes, pressure, sequence, and injection sites. Based on calculated data, the duration of the special solution compensatory injection was determined to maintain a stable position of the foundations of the metropolitan railway escalator tunnels by forming the calculated stress-strain state of the soil mass at the ground slab base of the structure to provide a given preventive lift, the dependences of the lift deformations on pressure and the grouting volumes of special mixtures were established.

Based on the obtained data, a procedure was developed for the production of work to maintain the planned-altitude position of metropolitan railway facilities at all construction stages and operation of the multifunctional complex.
Behavior analysis of span structures with cracks during vibrations
Authors: Loktev Aleksey , Barakat Ahmad
Published: August 2023

Introduction: An important engineering task is to assess the state of span structures during their operation in various conditions and develop a methodology not only for determining the current state of the structure and its individual elements but also for predicting life cycle stages. This work is dedicated to the study of the influence of the location and crack size located in the tension region of the beam cross-section on the value of the natural oscillations frequency of the main beam of the superstructure. The article proposes a method for determining the location and parameters of crack opening in the tension region of a pin-ended beam, which is the span structure base, by analyzing several vibration frequencies.

Methods: The bridge crossing beam is modeled using the Euler-Bernoulli-type flexural theory. Crack modeling was carried out using the flexibility function, with the account of the location and length of the crack. A mathematical expression is formulated to determine the location and length of an open crack in the tension region of a pin-ended beam. The MATLAB program was used for numerical studies and simulation modeling of the problem of determining the crack parameters.

Results: Values of the bridge girder’s natural resonance frequency with a crack in different places along the span and different lengths of the crack in the tension region of the cross-section were obtained. The relationship between the relative crack length and the relative fundamental beam frequency with a crack for different coordinates of its location and also the relationship between the relative location and the relative fundamental beam frequency with a crack for different crack length values are constructed. These given values are proposed to be used as criterion parameters for assessing the state and possible scenarios for the further operation of the beam span.

Discussion: The results obtained show that with an increase in the relative length and relative coordinate of the crack initiation site, the natural frequency decreases. Based on the study results, the conclusion was formulated that cracks in the hinged beam tension region with a relative crack length and a relative location of less than 0.1 deserve the least attention. On the other hand, it is necessary to conduct a study to assess the state of a damaged bridge beam with a relative crack location of more than 0.1 and a relative crack length of less than 0.3, and after the analysis, a decision should be made on the possible modes of further operation of the engineering structures. For span structures whose beams have cracks with a relative crack location of more than 0.1 and a relative crack length of more than 0.3, a detailed study and examination of a structure are required, with the development of recommendations for the required repair work.
Intellectualization of monitoring and regulation of the technological processes implementation in railway construction
Authors: Polyanskiy Aleksey
Published: August 2023

The article presents abstract theorems and practical options for monitoring and regulating the technological process implementation of building a railway track object using artificial intelligence methods and tools. Railway construction as a complex dynamic system requires certain resources for its maintenance. Under these conditions, effective control over the construction work technology is of decisive importance. This can be achieved by improving the existing engineering and technical support system for railway construction through the introduction of an engineering and intellectual support subsystem for technological processes for railway facilities construction. One of the tasks of the subsystem is the effective use of automation tools with artificial intelligence elements.

The deviations occurrence from planned requirements during construction work, due to the stochastic nature of railway construction, leads to violations of technology, an increase in labor costs, prime cost, an increase in duration, and as a result, a deterioration in the operational railway facility characteristics. To avoid such a development of events, a prompt review of the adopted technological solutions is necessary. To this end, within the scope of the methodology formation for engineering and intellectual support of railway construction technological processes, a system for monitoring and regulating work production has been developed.

Intellectualization of monitoring the technological process implementation consists of the use of an expert system at the evaluation stage, built on a probabilistic inference model. The main purpose of the system is to process the monitoring results of the work progress during the railway track facility construction. The data obtained at the evaluation stage serve as the basis for predicting the implementation of the technological process. The essence of the forecast is based on the solution of general methodological issues of applying Markov processes.

The regulation of the process implementation is based on the monitoring results. Adjusting the technological process to changing conditions of work provides flexibility in railway track facilities construction. This is achieved through rapid decision-making using the capabilities of an artificial neural network and subsequent adjustment of the work progress. Based on the theoretical study results, the article presents the practical aspects of monitoring and regulating the production of works in railway construction using intelligent technologies by the example of the construction of a flooded embankment section of a railway subgrade.

The results presented in the article were obtained in the course of dissertation research carried out by the author.
Stresses in the concrete lining of tunnels located in heterogeneous mountain massifs
Authors: Bikova Natalya , Zainagabdinov Damir , Baranov Timofey
Published: August 2023

The presented studies confirmed stress formation patterns in concrete supports, which are the sum of gravitational, tectonic, and variable components, especially in areas with active geodynamics. The problem of the underground workings lining reliability is due to the need to solve problems of determining the stress-strain state level, taking into account all the listed components of the forces and the concrete lining strength properties. The main stress parameters in the transport tunnel support are determined using the unloading deformations. For unloading, a borehole is drilled with core sampling. In the drilling process, linear deformations of the core are measured in three directions, for which a delta socket of strain gauges is installed on the concrete lining surface. The core taken from the borehole is also used to determine the actual concrete strength class and modulus of elasticity. Principal deformations and principal stresses are determined analytically. As a result of the measurements, were identified tunnel sections that work mainly on rock pressure and sections with a significant contribution of horizontal stresses, and a relationship was also established between the main stresses of the lining and the tectonic fault cracks trajectories in the mountain massif. In practice, it is proposed to take into account when designing the contribution of horizontal tectonic components and variable stresses, determined with special scientific support, and, accordingly, reinforce the concrete lining. During operation in areas with active geodynamics, to ensure reliability and lining safety, it is recommended to use automated deformation control of changes in its stress-strain state.
Modern approaches to research and development of underwater floating constructions
Authors: Poliakov Vladimir , Khorev Igor , Demidov Ivan
Published: August 2023

New transport facilities such as floating underwater tunnels present a major scientific challenge. No such structure has been built all over the world; design, at best, ends at the technical and economic assessment stage. The scientific basis development for designing these structures began in the 1990s, mainly in Norway, Japan, Italy, and South Korea. A submerged floating tunnel is a structure, also known as the «Archimedes Bridge», in terms of design is an underwater artificial structure attached to pontoons on the surface of the water (zero buoyancy structure) or secured from emersion by anchor devices (positive buoyancy structure). The lack of any construction experience makes the synthesis problem of optimal solutions very relevant. There are many approaches to the underwater floating tunnel calculation and a certain paradigm for their study has not been established. For Russia, the use of floating tunnels is relevant in connection with the construction of the northern latitudinal passage and the crossing of large Siberian rivers near the coast of the Arctic Ocean. Significant deep-water obstacles are the Caspian Sea, Baikal, reservoirs of Siberian rivers, and sea straits. The review article discusses the foreign experience of scientific design basics development of such tunnels and provides a structure classification based on draft designs. Foreign publications devoted to various research and development aspects of underwater floating tunnels are considered. The problems solved in current works devoted to the study of floating tunnels can be conditionally divided into three groups. The first group of tasks concerns the justification of the use of the structure in the organization of intersections, the second group of tasks concerns the floating tunnels design calculation for various effects and their combinations, and the third group of tasks combines two related areas: the search for new methods for calculating and optimizing structures.