bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Isobutylnoroxymorphone from Naltrexone by a Selective Cyclopropane Ring Opening Reaction.
Authors: Fujii Hideaki , Osa Yumiko , Ishihara Marina , Hanamura Shinichi , Nemoto Toru , Nakajima Mayumi , Hasebe Ko , Mochizuki Hidenori , Nagase Hiroshi
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure—Activity Relationships of Stemphones, Potentiators of Imipenem Activity Against Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Authors: Yamazaki Hiroyuki , Koyama Nobuhiro , Omura Satoshi , Tomoda Hiroshi
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenylethyl Cinnamides: A New Series of α‐Glucosidase Inhibitors from the Leaves of Aegle marmelos.
Authors: Phuwapraisirisan Preecha , Puksasook Thanchanok , Jong‐aramruang Jonkolnee , Kokpol Udom
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Study of Photooxidation with Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Hirashima Shin‐ichi , Itoh Akichika
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tackling Alzheimer′s Disease by Means of Original Synthetic Methodologies in Organic Chemistry
Authors: Kan Toshiyuki , Fukuyama Tohru
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Catalytic Reactions via Ruthena‐ or Rhodacyclic Intermediates with Atom‐Efficiency
Authors: Kondo Teruyuki
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Approaches to Molecular Machines
Authors: Grossel M. C.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Approaches to Solution—Combustion Synthesis of Nanomaterials
Authors: Mukasyan A. S. , Dinka P.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fundamental Aspects of the Radiolysis of Solid Polymers: Crosslinking and Degradation
Authors: Kerry Thomas J.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Catalyzed Asymmetric Oxidation of Sulfides
Authors: Bryliakov Konstantin P. , Talsi Evgenii P.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Atmospheric Reactions of Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds + OH Radicals: Role of Hydrogen‐Bonded Intermediates and Transition States
Authors: Galano Annia , Alvarez‐Idaboy J. Raul
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Small Molecule Modulators of Toll‐Like Receptors
Authors: Czarniecki Michael
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Tandem Claisen Rearrangement in the Construction of Building Blocks for Supramolecular Chemistry
Authors: Hiratani Kazuhisa , Albrecht Markus
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemogenetic Protein Engineering: An Efficient Tool for the Optimization of Artificial Metalloenzymes
Authors: Pordea Anca , Ward Thomas R.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlling the Activity of Peptides and Proteins with Smart Nucleic Acid—Protein Hybrids.
Authors: Roeglin Lars , Seitz Oliver
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemopreventive Effects of Natural Dietary Compounds on Cancer Development
Authors: Pan Min‐Hsiung , Ho Chi‐Tang
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A population‐based study evaluating the impact of sunitinib on overall survival in the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell cancer
Authors: Heng Daniel Y. C. , Chi Kim N , Murray Nevin , Jin Tao , Garcia Jorge A , Bukowski Ronald M , Rini Brian I , Kollmannsberger Christian
Published: January 2009

BACKGROUND:

Sunitinib has replaced interferon (IFN) as a first‐line standard of care in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This study aimed to determine overall survival and to confirm effectiveness in a population that includes poor prognosis patients.

METHODS:

Data were collected on all patients identified by the BC Cancer Registry with metastatic RCC who were treated with IFN or sunitinib. The IFN group consisted of patients who received IFN between January 2000 and October 2005, and the sunitinib group included patients treated with first‐line sunitinib from October 2005 to September 2007.

RESULTS:

There were 131 and 69 patients in the IFN and sunitinib groups, respectively. The median follow‐up of those still alive was 12.6 months. The median age (62 vs 63 years; P = .41), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) prognostic criteria (poor in 19% vs 30%; P = .41), and proportion with >1 metastasis (53% vs 62%; P = .21) were similar between the IFN and sunitinib groups, respectively. The median survival of the IFN and sunitinib groups was 8.7 and 17.3 months, respectively (log‐rank P = .004). The median survival of patients with favorable, intermediate, and poor MSKCC prognostic profiles in the IFN group was 22.9, 8.7, and 4.1 months, respectively (P < .001), whereas in the sunitinib group it was not reached, 16.8, and 10.7 months, respectively (P = .006). The hazard ratio of death after adjusting for MSKCC criteria was 0.49 (95% confidence interval, 0.31‐0.76; P = .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

The introduction of first‐line sunitinib was associated with a doubling of overall survival compared with patients treated with IFN alone. This benefit extended to patients with poor MSKCC prognostic profiles. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for the treatment of brain metastases
Authors: Kwon Alexander K. , DiBiase Steven J. , Wang Brian , Hughes Samuel L. , Milcarek Barry , Zhu Yunping
Published: January 2009

BACKGROUND:

This retrospective review evaluated the efficacy and toxicity profiles of various dose fractionations using hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HSRT) in the treatment of brain metastases.

METHODS:

Between 2004 and 2007, 36 patients with 66 brain metastases were treated with HSRT. Nine of these subjects were excluded because of the absence of post‐treatment magnetic resonance imaging scans, resulting in 27 patients with a total of 52 lesions. Of these 52 lesions, 45 lesions were treated with whole‐brain radiotherapy plus a HSRT boost and 7 lesions were treated with HSRT as the primary treatment. The median prescribed dose was 25 grays (Gy) (range, 20 Gy‐36 Gy) with a median of 5 fractions (range, 4 fractions‐6 fractions) to a median 85% isodose line (range, 50%‐100%). The median follow‐up interval was 6.6 months (range, 0.9 months‐26.8 months).

RESULTS:

The median overall survival time was 10.8 months, and 66.7% of patients died of disease progression. After HSRT treatment of 52 brain lesions, 13 lesions demonstrated complete responses, 12 lesions demonstrated partial responses, 22 lesions demonstrated stable disease, and 5 lesions demonstrated progressive disease. Actuarial local tumor control rates at 6 months and 1 year were 93.9% and 68.2%, respectively. Maximum tumor dimension, concurrent chemotherapy, and a tumor volume <1 cc were found to be statistically significant factors for local tumor control. One patient had a grade 3 toxicity (according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events).

CONCLUSIONS:

HSRT provides a high level of tumor control with minimal toxicity comparable to single‐fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The results of the current study warrant a prospective randomized study comparing single‐fraction SRS with HSRT in this patient population. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Polynomial wavelets in hybrid‐mixed stress finite element models
Authors: Castro Luís Manuel Santos
Published: January 2009

This paper reports the use of polynomial wavelets as approximation functions in hybrid‐mixed stress finite element models applied to the solution of plane elasticity problems. The stress and displacement fields in the domain and the displacements on the static boundary are independently approximated. The kinematic boundary conditions are locally satisfied. All remaining equations are enforced in a weighted residual form so designed as to ensure that the discrete model embodies the relevant properties of continuum systems, namely the static‐kinematic duality and elastic reciprocity. A set of numerical applications is presented to illustrate the use of the hybrid‐mixed model and to assess its efficiency and accuracy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SDS‐PAGE of recombinant and endogenous erythropoietins: benefits and limitations of the method for application in doping control
Authors: Reichel Christian , Kulovics Ronald , Jordan Veronika , Watzinger Martina , Geisendorfer Thomas
Published: January 2009

Doping of athletes with recombinant and genetically modified erythropoietins (EPO) is currently detected by isoelectric focusing (IEF). The application of these drugs leads to a significant change in the isoform profile of endogenous urinary erythropoietin (uhEPO). Dynepo, MIRCERA, biosimilars with variable IEF‐profiles as well as active urines and effort urines have made additional testing strategies necessary. The new generation of small molecule EPO‐receptor stimulating agents like Hematide will also challenge the analytical concept of detecting the abuse of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA). By determining their apparent molecular masses with SDS‐PAGE a clear differentiation between endogenous and exogenous substances also concerning new EPO modifications is possible. Due to the orthogonal character of IEF‐ and SDS‐PAGE both methods complement each other. The additional benefits of SDS‐PAGE especially in relation to active and effort urines as well as the detection of Dynepo were investigated. Due to significant differences between the apparent molecular masses of uhEPO/serum EPO (shEPO) and recombinant, genetically or chemically modified erythropoietins the presence of active or effort urines was easily revealed. The characteristic band shape and apparent molecular mass of Dynepo on SDS‐PAGE additionally evidenced the presence of this substance in urine. A protocol for the detection of EPO‐doping in serum and plasma by SDS‐PAGE was developed. Blood appears to be the ideal matrix for detecting all forms ESA‐doping in the future. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of the date‐rape drug GHB and its precursor GBL by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Brewster Victoria. L. , Edwards Howell G. M. , Hargreaves Michael D. , Munshi Tasnim
Published: January 2009

Gamma hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), also known as ‘liquid ecstasy’, has recently become associated with drug‐facilitated sexual assaults, known colloquially as ‘date rape’, due to the ability of the drug to cause loss of consciousness. The drug is commonly found ‘spiked’ into alcoholic beverages, as alcohol increases its sedative effects.

Gamma hydroxybutyric acid and the corresponding lactone gamma‐butyrolactone (GBL) will reach an equilibrium in solution which favours the lactone in basic conditions and GHB in acidic conditions (less than pH 4). Therefore, we have studied both GHB and GBL, as a mildly acidic beverage ‘spiked’ with GHB will contain both GHB and GBL.

We report the analysis of GHB as a sodium salt and GBL, its precursor, using bench‐top and portable Raman spectroscopy. It has been demonstrated that we are able to detect GHB and GBL in a variety of containers including colourless and amber glass vials, plastic vials and polythene bags. We have also demonstrated the ability to detect both GBL and GHB in a range of liquid matrices simulating ‘spiked’ beverages. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phytoestrogenic isoflavonoids in epidemiologic and clinical research
Authors: Franke Adrian A. , Halm Brunhild M. , Kakazu Kerry , Li Xingnan , Custer Laurie J.
Published: January 2009

Isoflavones (IFLs) are natural products to which humans have been traditionally exposed predominantly through soy foods; more recently humans are also exposed to them through soy protein addition to processed foods or through supplements. They are structurally similar to steroidal estrogens and can exert estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects depending on their concentrations and on the tissue considered. These properties qualify IFLs to be classified as phytoestrogens and are believed to account for many of the biological effects observed for soy and/or IFL exposure including benefits for bone and heart health or prevention of menopausal symptoms and certain types of cancer. In order to evaluate the function of IFLs, alone or when exposure happens through soy intake, pharmacokinetics and bioavailability are critical issues to be considered in epidemiologic and clinical research. For this purpose precise, accurate, robust, fast, and affordable techniques for IFL analyses are required. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mesoporous Carbon Materials with Ultra‐Thin Pore Walls and Highly Dispersed Nickel Nanoparticles
Authors: Fulvio Pasquale F. , Liang Chengdu , Dai Sheng , Jaroniec Mietek
Published: January 2009

Mesoporous carbon materials with ultra‐thin carbon pore walls and highly dispersed Ni nanoparticles have been successfully prepared by using two different SBA‐15 silicas as hard templates and 2,3‐dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) as a carbon precursor. The nickel precursor was a concentrated nickel nitrate hexahydrate [Ni(NO3)2·6H2O] solution in 2‐propanol, which was added to the carbon–silica nanocomposite prior to thermal treatment. The samples studied were analyzed by thermogravimetry (TG), nitrogen adsorption at –196 °C, powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and in situ electron diffraction X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). While TG analysis revealed carbon contents lower than 30 wt.‐%, nitrogen adsorption provided information about the homogeneity of the carbon thin film deposited onto the mesopore walls of the ordered silica templates SBA‐15. The templates, carbon–silica nanocomposites, and carbon inverse replicas with nickel nanoparticles exhibit uniform pores, high surface areas, and large pore volumes. Partially graphitic carbon was identified by the presence of a characteristic G band in the Raman spectra, whereas the diffraction peak attributed to the stacking of graphene planes was not observed by powder XRD. The presence of ordered domains in the carbon materials studied was confirmed by small angle XRD and STEM imaging. In addition, the STEM images revealed that the nickel nanoparticles are uniform in size, ca. 3 nm, and are homogeneously dispersed on the tubular carbon walls. A few larger clusters of nickel, ca. 60 nm, present on the external surface, were identified by powder XRD as metallic Ni. The in situ EDX revealed that the small nanoparticles are largely composed of Ni with traces of NiO. Similar nanoparticle dispersions have been reported only for Ni‐containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), whereas previously reported ordered mesoporous carbon materials, CMK‐3, possess larger Ni/NiO nanoparticles.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Assembly of Novel 2D and 3D Heterometallic SbIII–CuI Polymers Based on Antimony(III) Thiolates as Metallothiolato Ligands
Authors: Li Zhi‐Hua , Li Long‐Hua , Wu Li‐Ming , Du Shao‐Wu
Published: January 2009

A new type of neutral heterometallic SbIII–CuI thiolate coordination polymer has been synthesized under solvothermal conditions by using antimony(III) thiolates as metalloligands and CuSCN as the source of the second metal ion. Reaction of [Sb(edt)Cl] (1) (edt = ethane‐1,2‐dithiolate) with 1 equivalent of CuSCN affords [{Sb2(edt)2(μ3‐S)CuCl(CuSCN)}n] (2), which features a 2D layer consisted of –CuSCNCuSCN– chains and {Sb2(edt)2(μ3‐S)CuCl} units. During the reaction, 1 was converted into a sulfur‐bridged dimer Sb(edt)2S, which behaves simultaneously as a bridging and chelating ligand through all of its sulfur atoms to connect four Cu+ ions in the framework structure of 2. Replacement of Cl– in 1 with pymt– gives a new antimony(III) thiolate formulated as [Sb(edt)(pymt)] (3) (pymt = 2‐pyrimidinethiol), which was further treated with CuSCN to afford coordination polymers [{[Sb(edt)(pymt)]2(CuSCN)3}n] (4) and [{[Sb(edt)(pymt)](CuSCN)2}n] (5). In the assemblies of 4 and 5, the structure of 3 remains intact and the whole compound serves as a multidentate ligand through Sedt and Npymt atoms to Cu+ ions. Complex 4 also contains –CuSCNCuSCN– chains, which are linked by tridentate {Sb(edt)(pymt)} fragments to form a 2D polymer. Complex 5 is a 3D architecture with {Sb(edt)(pymt)} units acting as bidentate bridging ligand to link the (CuSCN)n layers and {(CuSCN)2}n columns. Complexes 2–5 showed optical transitions with band gaps of 2.66 to 3.41 eV, and their optical properties were studied by DFT calculations.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Chromogenic Chemosensors for N‐Acetylaspartate Based on Chiral Ferrocene‐Bearing Thiourea Derivatives
Authors: Qing Guang‐Yan , Sun Tao‐Lei , Wang Feng , He Yong‐Bing , Yang Xi
Published: January 2009

A series of chiral ferrocene‐containing thiourea derivatives have been synthesized, and their enantioselective recognition properties were investigated by UV/Vis titration. Receptors 5a and 6a exhibit excellent chiral recognition abilities towards N‐acetylaspartate. The differences in solution colour can be observed directly by the naked eye. The minimum energy structures of 5a and 6a were also obtained by theoretical DFT calculations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Regio‐ and Stereospecific Cleavage of Stannyloxiranes with Lithium Diphenylphosphide
Authors: González‐Nogal Ana M. , Cuadrado Purificación , Sarmentero M. Angeles
Published: January 2009

Unsubstituted or C‐substituted stannyloxiranes reactedstereospecifically with lithium diphenylphosphide to give either β‐hydroxyphosphane oxides resulting from α‐opening or β‐phosphanyl ketones by β‐opening. Furthermore, the reactivities of distannyloxiranes depend on their configurations. The cis isomers afforded the corresponding α,β‐diphosphanyl alcohols, while the trans isomers were shown to be unreactive. On the other hand, the regiochemistry of the ring‐opening from β‐silyl‐stannyloxiranes is controlled by the tin group and, depending on the nature of the silyl group, led either to stereodefined β‐silylated vinylphosphane oxides or to β‐stannyl silyl enol ethers. Finally, the gem‐silyl‐stannyloxiranes underwent β‐opening to give mixtures of β‐phosphanyl acylsilanes and silyl enol ethers. All compounds are interesting synthons of great versatility in organic chemistry.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
NMR Enantiodiscrimination Phenomena by Quinine C9‐Carbamates
Authors: Uccello‐Barretta Gloria , Vanni Letizia , Balzano Federica
Published: January 2009

Several C9‐carbamoyl derivatives of quinine have been prepared and compared as chiral solvating agents in NMR enantiodiscrimination experiments of amino acid derivatives. The origin of the enantiodiscrimination phenomena was identified by NMR conformational analysis of the chiral auxiliaries and investigations of solution complexation phenomena.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A Rosenbrock‐W method for real‐time dynamic substructuring and pseudo‐dynamic testing
Authors: Lamarche C. P. , Bonelli A. , Bursi O. S. , Tremblay R.
Published: January 2009

A variant of the Rosenbrock‐W integration method is proposed for real‐time dynamic substructuring and pseudo‐dynamic testing. In this variant, an approximation of the Jacobian matrix that accounts for the properties of both the physical and numerical substructures is used throughout the analysis process. Only an initial estimate of the stiffness and damping properties of the physical components is required. It is demonstrated that the method is unconditionally stable provided that specific conditions are fulfilled and that the order accuracy can be maintained in the nonlinear regime without involving any matrix inversion while testing. The method also features controllable numerical energy dissipation characteristics and explicit expression of the target displacement and velocity vectors. The stability and accuracy of the proposed integration scheme are examined in the paper. The method has also been verified through hybrid testing performed of SDOF and MDOF structures with linear and highly nonlinear physical substructures. The results are compared with those obtained from the operator splitting method. An approach based on the modal decomposition principle is presented to predict the potential effect of experimental errors on the overall response during testing. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A visual incompressible magneto‐hydrodynamics solver with radiation, mass, and heat transfer
Authors: Aslan Necdet
Published: January 2009

A visual two‐dimensional (2D) nonlinear magneto‐hydrodynamics (MHD) code that is able to solve steady state or transient charged or neutral convection problems under the radiation, mass, and heat transfer effects is presented. The flows considered are incompressible and the divergence conditions on the velocity and magnetic fields are handled by similar relaxation schemes in the form of pseudo‐iterations between the real time levels. The numerical method utilizes a matrix distribution scheme that runs on structured or unstructured triangular meshes. The time‐dependent algorithm developed here utilizes a semi‐implicit dual time stepping technique with multistage Runge‐Kutta (RK) algorithm. It is possible for the user to choose different normalizations (natural, forced, Boussinesq, Prandtl, double‐diffusive and radiation convection) automatically. The code is visual and runs interactively with the user. The graphics algorithms work multithreaded and allow the user to follow certain flow features (color graphs, vector graphs, one‐dimensional profiles) during runs, see (Comput. Fluids 2007; 36:961–973) for details. With the code presented here nonlinear steady or time‐dependent evolution of heated and stratified neutral and charged liquids, convection of mixture of neutral and charged gases, double‐diffusive and salinity natural convection flows with internal heat generation/absorption and radiative heat transfer flows can be investigated. In addition, the numerical method (combining concentration, radiation, heat transfer, and MHD effects) takes the advantage of local time stepping and employs simplified residual jacobian matrix to increase pseudo‐convergence rate. This code is currently being improved to simulate three‐dimensional problems with parallel processing. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alpine metamorphic and tectonic evolution of the Inzecca‐Ghisoni area (southern Alpine Corsica, France)
Authors: Garfagnoli Francesca , Menna Francesco , Pandeli Enrico , Principi Gianfranco
Published: January 2009

In the Inzecca‐Ghisoni area (southern Alpine Corsica), a complex assemblage of vertically juxtaposed tectonic units, affected by Alpine deformations and metamorphism, crops out. Among them, there are some tectonic units (Parautochthonous Units, i. e. parautochtone of previous studies), that represent fragments of the continental Corse basement (Palaeozoic granitoids and associated volcanic and metamorphic pre‐Carboniferous rocks) and of its Mesozoic to Tertiary sedimentary cover, that are tectonically sliced between the allochthonous Ligurian‐Piedmontese Units (Schistes Lustrés) and the autochthonous basement (Variscan Corsica). The reconstructed polyphase deformation and metamorphic evolution of such units and the finding of high‐pressure/low‐temperature mineral assemblages in the continental‐derived tectonic slices, points to the involvement of the south‐eastern border of the European basement of Corsica in the tectonic processes linked to the Alpine subduction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intellectual activity and likelihood of subsequently improving or maintaining instrumental activities of daily living functioning in community‐dwelling older Japanese: a longitudinal study
Authors: Fujiwara Yoshinori , Chaves Paulo H. M. , Yoshida Hiroto , Amano Hidenori , Fukaya Taro , Watanabe Naoki , Nishi Mariko , Lee Sangyoon , Uchida Hayato , Shinkai Shoji
Published: January 2009

Objective

To test the a priori hypothesis that increase or maintenance of the level of cognitive activity would be independently associated with a subsequent beneficial impact (i.e. improvement or maintenance) on instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) functioning.

Methods

Observational study using 4‐year longitudinal data from 1477 community‐dwelling Japanese who were 66 years and older and living in Yoita town, a rural community located in the northwest along the Sea of Japan. Baseline assessment occurred in November 2000. Intellectual Activity and IADL were evaluated using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) Index of Competence.

Results

Increase or maintenance of exposure to intellectual activities over a period of 2 years was associated with increased likelihood of better IADL functioning trajectory (i.e. improvement or stability) over the subsequent 2 years (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.03–2.56; p = 0.035), even after adjustment for major confounders.

Conclusion

This study documented a longitudinal, independent association of exposure to intellectual activities with better IADL functioning over time. These findings provide preliminary support for promotion of exposure to intellectual activities among older adults as an opportunity to prevent disability in the older segment of the population. Assessment of public health programs targeting such an opportunity is warranted. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is the geriatric depression scale a reliable screening tool for depressive symptoms in elderly patients with cognitive impairment?
Authors: Debruyne Hans , Van Buggenhout Michael , Le Bastard Nathalie , Aries Marcel , Audenaert Kurt , De Deyn Peter Paul , Engelborghs Sebastiaan
Published: January 2009

Objective

To determine the reliability of the 30‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐30) for the screening of depressive symptoms in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) as the ‘gold standard’.

Methods

Diagnosed according to strictly applied clinical diagnostic criteria, patients with MCI (n = 156) and probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 247) were included. GDS‐30, CSDD, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Global Deterioration Scale were assessed in all patients at inclusion. The AD group was divided in three subgroups: mild AD (MMSE≥18) (n = 117), moderate AD (MMSE< 18 and ≥10) (n = 89) and severe AD (MMSE<10) (n = 38).

Results

In MCI patients, moderate but highly significant correlations were found between GDS‐30 and CSDD scores (Pearson: r = 0.565; p < 0.001). In mildly (r = 0.294; p = 0.001), moderately (r = 0.273; p = 0.010) and severely (r = 0.348; p = 0.032) affected AD patients, only weak correlations between GDS‐30 and CSDD scores were calculated. ROC curve analysis showed that sensitivity and specificity values of respectively 95% and 67% were achieved when a GDS‐30 cut‐off score of 8 was applied in MCI patients. In AD patients, too low sensitivity and specificity values did not allow selecting an optimal cut‐off score by means of ROC curve analysis.

Conclusion

Using the CSDD as ‘gold standard’, we demonstrated that the GDS‐30 is a reliable screening tool for depressive symptoms in MCI but not in AD patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive deficits in middle‐aged and older adults with bipolar disorder and cognitive complaints: Comparison with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Silva Dina , Santana Isabel , Couto Frederico Simões do , Maroco João , Guerreiro Manuela , de Mendonça Alexandre
Published: January 2009

Objective

Cognitive impairment has been reported in elderly bipolar disorder (BD) patients, however, few studies have evaluated middle‐aged and older BD patients using standardized cognitive assessments and none (to our knowledge) analysed middle‐aged and older BD patients with recent cognitive complaints. The main objective of this study is to characterize the cognitive deficits of middle‐aged and older patients with BD and compare them with the common age‐related cognitive deficits observed in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).

Methods

For this retrospective study, a systematic search for all cases of BD patients submitted to a neuropsychological assessment from 1999–2007, at participant institutions, was performed, and cases were matched (1:2) by gender and age to a sample of MCI subjects.

Results

A total sample of 135 patients, 45 patients with the diagnosis of BD, clinically stable, mean age of 63.8 ± 8.8 years, and 90 patients with the diagnosis of MCI, mean age of 64.2 ± 8.4 years, was studied. Patients with MCI were more impaired in verbal memory, whereas BD patients showed more deficits in attention, motor initiative, calculation and verbal abstraction. Interestingly, discriminant analysis classified about half of the BD group as belonging to the MCI group. This BD subgroup showed deficits in episodic memory similar to MCI patients.

Conclusions

Patients with BD and patients with MCI have distinct profiles of cognitive impairment. A subgroup of BD patients with recent cognitive complaints may actually suffer from concomitant incipient MCI, and this finding may have diagnostic and therapeutical implications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Norms for the mini‐mental state examination from a sample of Sri Lankan older people
Authors: De Silva Ranil , Disanayaka Sarada , De Zoysa Nayomi , Sanjeewanie Niluka , Somaratne S. , Foster Jonathan , Srikanth S. , Kathriarachchi Samudra T. , Martins Ralph M.
Published: January 2009

Objective

To derive norms for the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) based on age, gender and level of formal education among the elderly in Sri Lanka.

Method

A validated Sinhalese version of the MMSE was administered to people aged 55 years and above residing in 14 randomly selected elders' homes. Effects of age, gender and level of formal education on MMSE scores were compared using multiple linear regression analysis.

Results

A total of 446 subjects [male/female = 136/320] formed the final sample. Level of education and gender exerted a significant influence on MMSE scores, but not age. The median and 10th percentile scores on the Sinhalese MMSE for the education groups were as follows: education <5 years = 19 and 12; education >5 years = 24 and 16, respectively.

Conclusion

The findings confirm the influence of level of education on MMSE scores among the elderly living in care homes in Sri Lanka, and suggest that education stratified cut‐off scores should be used while screening for cognitive impairment in this population. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elective neck dissection for the management of the N0 neck in early cancer of the oral tongue: Need for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: D'Cruz Anil K. , Siddachari Ravichand C. , Walvekar Rohan R. , Pantvaidya Gouri H. , Chaukar Devendra A. , Deshpande Mandar S. , Pai Prathamesh S. , Chaturvedi Pankaj
Published: January 2009

Background

The aim of this study is to determine the need for a randomized controlled trial in order to define the role of an elective neck dissection (END) in the treatment of early tongue cancers.

Methods

We present a large retrospective analysis of patients with T1‐2 N0 squamous cell cancers of the oral anterior tongue treated at a single institution. A total of 359 eligible patients with early tongue cancers were divided into 2 groups: END and wait and watch (WW). An analysis for survival outcomes and prognostic factors was conducted.

Results

The estimated 3‐ and 5‐year disease‐free survival for the END group was 76% and 74% versus 71% and 68% for the WW group, respectively (p = .53). The 3‐ and 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate for the END group was 69% and 60% versus 62% and 60% for the WW group, respectively (p = .24). Tumor grade and perineural invasion were independent predictors of recurrence.

Conclusion

END did not impact disease‐free or OS. Current literature still remains divided on this issue emphasizing the need for a randomized controlled trial. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2009
Extramammary myofibroblastoma in the head and neck region
Authors: Hox Valerie , Poorten Vincent Vander , Delaere Pierre R. , Hermans Robert , Debiec‐Rychter Maria , Sciot Raf
Published: January 2009

Background

Mammary myofibroblastoma is a benign mesenchymal tumor of the breast. Extramammary location is very rare and usually occurs along the embryonic milk‐line.

Methods and Results

In this article, we present a case of a woman with an infra‐auricular swelling. A diagnosis could not be made on CT scans, so the mass was surgically removed. Histological examination showed spindle cells in clusters, with CD34, desmin, and actin expression. The diagnosis of extramammary myofibroblastoma was made.

Conclusion

We describe this case because of the unusual location of this rare tumor. Furthermore, we want to highlight the possible relationship between (extra)mammary myofibroblastoma and spindle cell lipoma (SCL). SCL has a predilection site in the posterior neck. Both tumors show the same clinical behavior, a close histological resemblance, and their cells are both immunoreactive for CD34 and CD10. The loss of RB/13q14 and FKHR/13q14 loci, which is typically found in SCL cells, was also shown in this case. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Radiotherapy for perineural invasion in cutaneous head and neck carcinomas: Toward a risk‐adapted treatment approach
Authors: Jackson James E. , Dickie Graeme J. , Wiltshire Kirsty L. , Keller Jacqui , Tripcony Lee , Poulsen Michael G. , Hughes Mary , Allison Roger W. , Martin Jarad M.
Published: January 2009

Background

We retrospectively reviewed outcomes in patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) for cutaneous head and neck carcinoma with perineural invasion (PNI), with the aim of developing risk‐adapted treatment guidelines.

Methods

A total of 118 patients were treated with RT between April 1992 and July 2000. Ninety‐seven patients had PNI discovered through histology (pPNI) and 21 patients had symptoms/signs of PNI (cPNI). All received RT (median dose, 55 Gy; range, 17–74): 114 postoperatively and 4 definitively. Median follow‐up was 84 months (range, 4–201).

Results

The 5‐year local control (LC) rates were 90% with pPNI and 57% with cPNI (p < .0001). The pPNI and cPNI groups also differed in relapse‐free survival (76% vs 46%, p = .003), disease‐specific survival (90% vs 76%, p = .002), and overall survival (69% vs 57%, p = .03). pPNI patients with BCC histology (n = 42) had better LC (97% vs 84%, p = .02) than pPNI SCC (n = 55).

Conclusion

Surgery plus RT provides a high rate of LC in patients with pPNI, particularly those with BCC. Therapeutic improvements are needed for patients with cPNI. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Evaluation of treatment results with regard to initial anterior commissure involvement in early glottic carcinoma treated by external partial surgery or transoral laser microresection
Authors: Sachse Florian , Stoll Wolfgang , Rudack Claudia
Published: January 2009

Background

Modalities of surgical treatment of early glottic carcinoma include transoral laser microresection and external partial surgery.

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of 119 glottic carcinomas treated by external partial surgery (57 pT1a, 1 pT1b, 10 pT2) or transoral laser microresection (46 pT1a, 4 pT1b, 1 pT2) with special regard to initial anterior commissure involvement.

Results

Local recurrence in external partial surgery was 12%. Three‐ and 5‐year local control was 86%. Local recurrence in transoral laser microresection was 16%. Three‐ and 5‐year local control was 88% and 70%, respectively. No significant correlation was found between local control and surgical approach. An analysis of all 119 tumor revealed that anterior commissure involvement significantly decreased local control.

Conclusion

Initial anterior commissure involvement was associated with a higher risk of local recurrence. Overall, treatment of glottic carcinoma involving the anterior commissure requires much experience and advanced surgical skills regardless which technique is preferred. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2009
Expression modes and clinical manifestations of latent membrane protein 1, Ki‐67, cyclin‐B1, and epidermal growth factor receptor in nonendemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Taheri‐Kadkhoda Zahra , Magnusson Bengt , Svensson Marie , Mercke Claes , Björk‐Eriksson Thomas
Published: January 2009

Background

We aimed to identify clinical significance of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), Ki‐67, cyclin‐B1, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), in nonendemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods

The relation between expression of the markers in 45 NPC specimens and clinicopathological and survival variables was statistically analyzed.

Results

LMP1 was present in 33% of the tumors, and its presence was associated with advanced nodal and disease stages. Overexpression was defined as labeling index ≥ median value for Ki‐67, ≥ 15% for cyclin‐B1, and ≥50% for EGFR, and it was displayed in 50%, 55%, and 80% of the specimens, respectively. Strong EGFR staining intensity and not overexpression of the 3 markers was the variable with statistically significant impact on treatment outcomes in terms of worse local and locoregional tumor control rates.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the evaluation of EGFR staining intensity in patients with NPC may identify a subgroup of patients with poor prognosis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Functional analysis of neurovascular adaptations to exercise in the dentate gyrus of young adult mice associated with cognitive gain
Authors: Clark Peter J. , Brzezinska Weronika J. , Puchalski Emily K. , Krone David A. , Rhodes Justin S.
Published: January 2009

The discovery that aerobic exercise increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis and can enhance cognitive performance holds promise as a model for regenerative medicine. This study adds two new pieces of information to the rapidly growing field. First, we tested whether exercise increases vascular density in the granular layer of the dentate gyrus, whole hippocampus, and striatum in C57BL/6J mice known to display procognitive effects of exercise. Second, we determined the extent to which new neurons from exercise participate in the acute neuronal response to high levels of running in B6D2F1/J (F1 hybrid of C57BL/6J female by DBA/2J male). Mice were housed with or without a running wheel for 50 days (runner vs. sedentary). The first 10 days, they received daily injections of BrdU to label dividing cells. The last 10 days, mice were tested for performance on the Morris water maze and rotarod and then euthanized to measure neurogenesis, c‐Fos induction from running and vascular density. In C57BL/6J, exercise increased neurogenesis, density of blood vessels in the dentate gyrus and striatum (but not whole hippocampus), and enhanced performance on the water maze and rotarod. In B6D2F1/J, exercise also increased hippocampal neurogenesis but not vascular density in the granular layer. Improvement on the water maze from exercise was marginal, and no gain was seen for rotarod, possibly because of a ceiling effect. Running increased the number of c‐Fos positive neurons in the granular layer by fivefold, and level of running was strongly correlated with c‐Fos within 90 min before euthanasia. In runners, ∼3.3% (±0.008 S.E.) of BrdU‐positive neurons in the middle of the granule layer displayed c‐Fos when compared with 0.8% (±0.001) of BrdU‐negative neurons. Results suggest that procognitive effects of exercise are associated with increased vascular density in the dentate gyrus and striatum in C57BL/6J mice, and that new neurons from exercise preferentially function in the neuronal response to running in B6D2F1/J. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Religion and spirituality in psychotherapy: a practice‐friendly review of research
Authors: Post Brian C. , Wade Nathaniel G.
Published: January 2009

The role of religion and spirituality in psychotherapy has received growing attention in the last two decades, with a focus on understanding the ways that religion and spirituality relate to therapists, clients, and treatment methods. The authors reviewed recent empirical research on religion and spirituality in psychotherapy to inform practitioners about effective ways to incorporate the sacred into their clinical work. Three main areas are covered: religion/spirituality and therapists, religion/spirituality and clients, and religious/spiritual interventions. Research indicates that therapists are open to religious/spiritual issues, that clients want to discuss these matters in therapy, and that the use of religious/spiritual interventions for some clients can be an effective adjunct to traditional therapy interventions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 65:131–146, 2009.
A Theistic spiritual treatment for women with eating disorders
Authors: Richards P. Scott , Smith Melissa H. , Berrett Michael E. , O'Grady Kari A. , Bartz Jeremy D.
Published: January 2009

The authors describe a psychological treatment for women with eating disorders who have theistic spiritual beliefs and illustrate its application with a case report. They begin by briefly summarizing a theistic view of eating disorders. Then they illustrate how a theistic approach can complement traditional treatment by describing the processes and outcomes of their work with a 23‐year‐old Christian woman receiving inpatient treatment for an eating disorder not otherwise specified and a major depressive disorder (recurrent severe). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 65:172–184, 2009.
Religiously oriented mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy
Authors: Hathaway William , Tan Erica
Published: January 2009

The interface of religiously accommodative and oriented treatments and the cognitive–behavioral tradition is explored. In terms of Hayes' characterization of the evolution of the cognitive–behavioral tradition through three waves, considerable theoretical, clinical, and empirical work emerged to support a religiously accommodative cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) during the second‐generation CBTs. Rather than including religion and spirituality, the third‐wave CBT traditions have engaged in spiritual themes inspired heavily from Eastern religious traditions. The authors discuss the application of a religiously congruent third‐wave cognitive therapy with a depressed conservatively Christian client. Some conceptual challenges and rationales for adopting such treatments with Christian or other theist clients are described. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 65:158–171, 2009.