bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost and revenue planning and control at Stuttgart Airport
Authors: Koch Reiner , Weber Wolfram
Published: July 2024

Stuttgart Airport has undertaken a series of projects to enhance its cost and revenue controlling system in order to support decision making and strategy in the changing market. The system answers questions like: Where can we achieve additional efficiency? Which market segments and which customers account for profits, which add to losses, and why? What drives the degree of resource utilisation and which resources show efficient utilisation and which do not? How many passengers will there be next year? With which airlines and on which routes? What resources will be needed in order to meet the demand and what cost impact will this have? The system also responds to ‘what if’ scenarios, such as a new airline entering the Stuttgart market, an airline ceasing operations, a particular destination performing well or poorly etc. The system considers both airport operations as well as ground handling.
How do you deal with operational risk? A survey of risk management practices in the German insurance sector
Authors: Prokop Jörg , Pfeifer Dietmar
Published: July 2024

This paper surveys the status quo of operational risk management in German insurance companies with respect to strategies followed, processes implemented and instruments used. Moreover, it provides insights into incumbent risk managers’ views on current and future regulation of the risk management process. The findings contribute to current discussions regarding the national implementation and interpretation of the European Solvency II directive by highlighting similarities and differences in dealing with operational risk within the German insurance sector. In particular, the results may be useful to risk managers as a point of reference when assessing the adequacy of their own company’s risk management strategies, instruments and processes.
Managing correspondent banking ML/TF risks: Recent regulatory developments on the risk-based approach model
Authors: Iken Jan-Gerrit , Agudelo Alejandro
Published: July 2024

This paper provides background and describes the current regulatory views of a sound risk-based approach as well as the specific risk factors, controls and other process tools that need to be accounted for when employing such an approach. Since 2010, regulations globally have focused on defining the risk-based approach as a strategy and have determined appropriate elements to consider while carrying it out. Gathering information from independent reliable sources; assessing relevant risk factors of their customers; taking tailored action based on the level of risk and documenting the rationale for such measures are some of the elements adopted by international laws, regulations and guidelines as representative of a risk-based approach. The fact that enforcement activities have increased, penalties are reaching higher levels and are more widely publicised, has inclined financial institutions to move towards de-risking or implementing inefficient know your customer’s customers (FYCC) programmes for all their correspondent banking relationships. These are not the only means to manage risk for correspondent banking relationships. Other efficient controls have been suggested by the Basel Guidelines, such as knowing the anti-money laundering (AML)/counter terrorist financing (CTF) policies of a customer, adapting their product offering, tailored monitoring to the risk of the respondent bank and where required, taking into account red flags resulting from external information and from self-developed customer intelligence. This paper shows how all measures, processes and assessment of risk factors, together with adequate de-risking and KYCC controls, contribute to a strong management of money laundering (ML) or terrorist financing (TF) risks in correspondent banking activities.
`Practical digital preservation — A how-to guide for organisations of any size;` by Adrian Brown
Authors: Doane Michael
Published: July 2024

Practical digital preservation — A how-to guide for organisations of any size; By Adrian Brown; Reviewed by Michael Doane.
Leveraging data with physicians to drive value-based patient care
Authors: Allegretto Steve , Mccloskey Barbara , Ronen Alon , Pont Kim , Michelson Dan , Churchwell Keith B.
Published: July 2024

As the underpinnings of value-based patient care transform the clinical, operational and financial strategies of hospitals and health systems across the country, the foundational structure of the transaction-based traditional fee-for-service (FFS) reimbursement methodology may no longer align effectively with the needs of patients and providers. Whereas providers’ reimbursement has been traditionally unbundled with separate payments for every test, procedure or consultative visit, healthcare is moving towards an approach where reimbursement also reflects the quality and outcomes of care longitudinally over time. This shift poses many operational and organisational hurdles for healthcare providers, who will need to unify the somewhat disjointed needs and perspectives of clinicians, health systems and patients while realigning funding models to reward the required behaviour changes from all participants. To effectively shift to value-based care, healthcare provider organisations will need to develop a collaborative approach with physicians to measure, identify and reduce quality and cost variation, build trust, drive efficient processes and deliver results. This will not be possible if the important clinical, financial and operational stakeholders do not have accurate and accessible clinical data from their electronic health record (EHR) and trusted cost data from their cost accounting application for each patient they serve. The success of hospitals and healthcare organisations in value-based care will depend on their ability to leverage data and engage physicians to drive improvements. In this paper, the experience of Yale New Haven Health System supported via a collaboration with Strata Decision Technology provides a roadmap for health systems to significantly improve care and drive better financial outcomes in both value-based care and FFS settings for the patients we serve.
Sustainability of improvements over the long term after the implementation of Lean Healthcare methodology in the Urology Department of a public hospital as a tool for improving efficiency
Authors: Alba Alberto Budía , Tormo Francisco Boronat , Mateu M. Pilar Bahílo , Arlandis Salvador , Pontones Jose Luis , Vivas-Consuelo David
Published: July 2024

To demonstrate the sustainability of improvements over the long term after the implementation of Lean Healthcare methodology in the urology department, a total of 19,567 clinical processes were analysed from 2011 to 2017. In 2011, the pre-surgical hospital stay was 1.07 days, and in 2018, it was 0.33 days. The average gross hospital stay was 4.25 days, and it fell progressively to 2.78 days in 2015, before increasing to 2.92 days in 2018. The risk-adjusted mean hospital stay index was 0.61 (49 per cent improvement over the standard), with a saving of 3,320 hospital stays in 2018. The risk-adjusted complications index was 0.44 (66 per cent improvement over the standard), with a saving of 37 complications in 2017 (0.65 in 2013). The risk-adjusted mortality index was 0.05 (95 per cent improvement over the standard), with a saving of 20 deaths in 2017 (0.3 in 2013). The risk-adjusted readmissions index (RARI) was 1.49 (49 per cent worse than the standard), with 26 more readmissions than expected (1.58 in 2013). Lean Healthcare methodology can be effectively applied and maintained over the long term in a department of a public tertiary hospital, but it demands a change in the mindset of the workers and an economic investment.
Predicting Skytrax airport rankings from customer reviews
Authors: Pérezgonzález Jose D. , Gilbey Andrew
Published: July 2024

Skytrax audits and ranks airports internationally and also gives passenger-based satisfaction awards in its yearly ‘World Airport Awards’. These awards attract international interest and are used by some airports for promotional purposes. Yet, the airports actually audited are but a small percentage of the airports in the world, and represent only 3 per cent of the airports listed by Skytrax as open to review by passengers in its website in 2010. This research paper explores the possibility of using customers' reviews to predict Skytrax audit scores as an alternative way of ranking the remaining 97 per cent of airports. The regression formula retained correlates highly with the criterion variable, accounting for 58 per cent of its variance. These results are promising, and support the idea of re-engineering better customer reviews in order to use them as a ranking benchmark, a solution which has the potential of covering a larger population of airports and being more meaningful both to passengers and airport managers alike.
From vision to reality: Dallas Fort Worth Airport's Integrated Operations Center
Authors: Roque Steve , Bodine Lance , Clark Irene
Published: July 2024

In 2017, after several high-profile incidents at domestic airports, the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security and Transportation Security Administration Administrator, emphasised the need for integrated facilities, staffed by teams from both internal and external stakeholders, to work collaboratively on day-to-day operations, incidents and events. Consideration for the complexity of the air travel landscape and the opportunities presented with technological advances, Dallas Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) executive leadership developed a strategic initiative to create such a capability. In April of 2021, DFW's Integrated Operations Center (IOC) opened its doors. What it took to get from concept to reality is the focus of this paper. Lessons were learned along the way related to several factors, such as managing an operational and cultural change, balancing the human element with the technological and pivoting from an operational model based on reacting to events and situations to a model that is more predictive in nature.
Going live: Transforming virtual programming through social media
Authors: Violante Carissa , Stevens Stefanie
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the Yale Alumni Association's (YAA) strategy for implementing Yale Alumni LIVE, a multi-channel social media endeavour aimed at actively engaging virtual audiences. The programme, which was a collaborative effort among various teams within the YAA, creates avenues for mission-led conversations and campus-wide collaborations with minimal technological and budgetary constraints. The Yale Alumni LIVE programme can be scaled and adapted to align with the needs and mission of an organisation of any size.
Improving patient outcomes while reducing readmissions with data analytics
Authors: Latrella Margie , Baldasare Lavana
Published: July 2024

As post-acute care spend continues to rise and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) moves forward with promoting both value-based and risk-bearing models of care, it is essential for accountable care organisations (ACOs), payers and hospital providers to take proactive measures to find innovative and data-driven strategies to meet the future demands of healthcare. Yet disparate electronic health record (EHR) systems between acute and post-acute providers continue to pose challenges in the ability to access live patient data across care settings, which enables clinical line of sight to manage both patient and population-level quality outcomes. Utilisation of an EHR-agnostic platform, which mitigates interoperability issues, can improve care transitions, provide data analytics to manage the patient care journey, foster seamless implementation of standardised care pathways and ultimately reduce total costs within post-acute networks by decreasing readmissions and length of stay. St. Joseph’s Health implemented such a data analytics platform and instituted a post-acute nurse navigator, social worker and care manager roles to manage their value-based patients in the postacute setting. As a result, their Medicare Shared Savings Plan ACO, Mission Health Coordinated Care, achieved a significant reduction in readmissions from 24 per cent to 17.8 per cent, as well as a total cost of care savings of US$1.6m in its first year. Currently, the readmission rate is down to 13.6 per cent, and there has also been a 3.2-day reduction in average length of stay. Owing to their successful post-acute strategy and programming, the project was scaled to include all patients in value-based contracts.
Building open source audiovisual collections management systems on Samvera
Authors: Cariani Karen , Green Richard
Published: July 2024

Building and using an open source community-supported system to manage audiovisual materials for a digital archive/library has many advantages and challenges. Being able to dictate the features, have a system speak to specific needs, and have staff on hand that can change or fix problems is certainly appealing. Embarking on this effort with an established open community, such as Samvera, has the advantages of a robust community of developers and service vendors to turn to for help. Managing needed customisations to core code base, keeping track of updates and contributing to the community, however, is challenging. For WGBH, a public television station with a robust 60-year archive, most customisations are due to the use PBCore to structure the metadata of the audio-visual items. This paper focuses on WGBH’s efforts to build a system for its Media Library and Archives based on the Samvera digital repository framework and its Hyrax and Avalon Media System ‘products’.
Instant payments: Providing the rails for new payment solutions
Authors: Pranger Niels M.
Published: July 2024

In November 2023, European legislators reached an agreement on legislation to increase adoption of instant payments. Instant payments enable consumers and corporates to make transactions in real time and 24/7. These unique features allow for value-added services such as e-commerce and point-of-sale payment solutions that can compete with card payments. Through a discussion of a number of successful payment solutions built on instant payments, this paper explains how instant payments could help Europe in its quest to develop a homegrown payment solution. The analysis starts with a discussion of Brazil’s Pix and India’s Unified Payments Interface, providing interesting insights into the possibilities of instant payments. The paper then moves on to a description of the European Payments Initiative — the consortium of European banks that recently acquired iDEAL, the Dutch accountto- account e-commerce payment solution. The paper also shows how Swish — the Swedish payment solution — provides valuable lessons to Europe as regards the launch of a payment solution, notably with respect to the importance of realising network effects.
Implementation of the Best Practice Clinical Learning Environment Framework: A case study for improving learning in the clinical setting using a novel quality improvement approach
Authors: Cohen Donna R. , Cohen Philip J. , Anderson Vitas , Goodarz Mahyar , Dillon Kade , Weidemann Kate E
Published: July 2024

High-quality healthcare requires a highly skilled and well-trained workforce, and consequently, there is growing interest in the pathways and processes by which clinicians are trained. In 2008, the Victorian Department of Health and Human Services commissioned a project to investigate the nature of successful clinical placements, through which learners undertake experiential learning in clinical settings. That project resulted in the development of the Best Practice Clinical Learning Environment (BPCLE) Framework. In 2013, statewide implementation of the framework commenced using a novel approach to quality improvement, termed map-enabled experiential review (MEER). The MEER approach uses map-based simulation of organisational processes to facilitate structured conversations among staff about their daily implementation of those processes. Feedback on the use of MEER from staff involved in framework implementation indicated that the approach was well received by end users, while, most importantly, data collected through MEER assessments revealed that implementation of the BPCLE Framework results in improvements to the clinical learning environment.
Consequential loss in dilapidations : Direct and indirect consequences of consequential loss claims
Authors: Shaw Edward , Poole Kate
Published: July 2024

This paper considers the impact and relevance of consequential losses in commercial property claims. As with all civil claims relating to property, the amount of damages sought should be a reflection of the claimant’s loss as a result of the breaches of covenant. In some instances, this is much more than the cost of the works required to remedy any physical breaches of contract. By the same token, due to the effect of section 18(1) of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1927, the loss can be significantly less than the cost of works. This is because section 18(1) seeks to limit damages for breaches of repairing obligations in leases to the impact of those breaches on the value of the landlord’s interest under consideration, be it leasehold or freehold. Further, section 18(1) introduces the concept of supersession whereby the cost of remedying a breach of contract is negated by the subsequent actions of the landlord. For example, the cost of remedying cracking in an internal partition wall is rendered nugatory if the same wall is subsequently demolished by the landlord. The cracking is irrelevant and no loss has been suffered. Whereas the preparation of a schedule of dilapidations is an essential first step in calculating the claimant’s loss, the cost of works arrived at through the costed schedule should be seen as exactly that — an essential first step. Consideration also needs to be given to whether the scheduled works are actually representative of the consequences of the breaches on the value of the interest. This will entail looking at the likely future of the building following the end of any tenancies, the state of the property market at the time those tenancies end and in particular whether rental levels are stable, volatile or somewhere in between. In many instances, this will involve discussion with practitioners in other disciplines associated with the property cycle. As important as the consideration of valuation, diminution and supersession to the assessment of loss is the analysis of the many different areas in which consequential losses may apply. These are complicated and potentially taxing areas but are no less relevant to the calculations of loss as those posed by the principles expressed by section 18(1). This paper seeks to explore the principles surrounding consequential losses so that practitioners will have an understanding to enable them to consider the types and magnitude of those applying to their various situations.
Cost management and the renewed imperative for cost accounting
Authors: Selivanoff Paul , Hammer David
Published: July 2024

The American healthcare delivery system is in the midst of tremendous change and is experiencing increasing financial pressure; yet adoption of cost accounting systems is still not widespread in the USA. The industry, consequently, has not fully tapped the potential of cost accounting to support management decision-making. Historically, there has been scant guidance to help providers match the power and sophistication needed from their costing systems with the imperatives of the reimbursement environment. Fortunately, national benchmarks, such as the Precision Risk Framework, the HFMA-Strata L7 Model and the Costing Maturity Model, are emerging. Adoption of these methodologies will allow healthcare entities to assess the efficacy of their current costing efforts and choose costing system elements that will give them the greatest return on investment (ROI). Each of these models is briefly presented and reviewed in this paper. Finally, 11 tactics are introduced that financial leaders can use to improve their costing efforts, regardless of their selected technologies, and without large capital expenditures.
Harvesting payment data for fiscal purposes: The EU’s Central Electronic System of Payment Information
Authors: Weber Sabine , Wallraf Albrecht
Published: July 2024

Tax authorities in the European Union are to be given a new tool in the fight against VAT fraud: starting in 2024, payment service providers will be obliged to report substantial amounts of data on cross-border payments, to be pooled in and made accessible through the upcoming Central Electronic System of Payment information (CESOP). This paper discusses the underlying economic and fiscal motivation and outlines the legal and procedural setup of CESOP. This is then reflected by implementation requirements and challenges from the perspective of banks and other payment service providers. The paper concludes with a critical discussion of the legal framework, with particular reference to the interlinking of European payment and tax law that underpins CESOP, and an outlook on possible policy developments.
The repair and alterations of Cowane’s Hospital, Stirling, 2010–21
Authors: Tindall Benjamin
Published: July 2024

Cowane’s Hospital with its garden is a very rare survival, the embodiment of a continuing civic institution adapting to changing requirements, and it epitomises the thriving nature of Scots Burghs in the early 17th century. By the start of the 21st century it was in a poor condition, seldom visited and without a sustainable use. With a detailed measured survey, a condition survey and surveys of the founder’s statue and memorial plaques, furniture and the structure, the conservation plan was commissioned. Documentary research into the building and its context was included. Draft assessments of cultural significance, a draft Statement of Cultural Significance, conservation issues and policies and a draft business plan were commented on by stakeholders, leading to a revised and approved conservation plan. On the basis of this, a programme of repairs and alterations was made. The external works included re-slating with some dendrochronological research, re-harling and limewashing, sensitive window and door repairs. The conservation of the founder’s statue was based on wide research and included the repair of extensive Civil War damage. The repair and strengthening of the fragile bowling green balustrade included removing metal cramps and other inappropriate repairs, keeping maximum original material and patina. Fine cast-iron entrance lamps by the Shotts foundry were repaired and reinstated. The internal works included renewing mechanical and electrical services, a new catering kitchen, decoration, picture hanging and lighting. New offices were provided, with good insulation and heating.
Vulnerabilities on the wire: Mitigations for insecure ICS device communication
Authors: Hoffman Michael
Published: July 2024

Modbus transmission control protocol (TCP) and other legacy ICS protocols ported over from serial communications are widely used in many ICS verticals. Due to extended operational industrial control system (ICS) component life, these protocols will be used for many years to come. Insecure ICS protocols allow attackers to potentially manipulate programmable logic controller (PLC) code and logic values that could lead to disrupted critical system operations. These protocols are susceptible to replay attacks and unauthenticated command execution.1 This paper examines the viability of deploying PLC configuration modifications, programming best practices and network security controls to demonstrate that it is possible to increase the difficulty for attackers to maliciously abuse ICS devices and mitigate the effects of attacks based on insecure ICS protocols. Student kits provided in SANS ICS515 and ICS612 courses form the backdrop for testing and evaluating ICS protocols and device configurations.
High-profile data breaches: Designing the right data protection architecture based on the law, ethics and trust
Authors: Ribeiro Laura E.
Published: July 2024

Although cyber attacks have tremendous financial and reputational ramifications for organisations, the number of high-profile data breaches continues to grow. Oftentimes, these data losses can be attributed to companies leaving themselves vulnerable through poor cyber security practices. This paper argues that companies must protect their businesses and customers from data breaches by implementing companywide changes and improving their overall security behaviour. The high-profile data breach experienced by Equifax, which affected millions of Equifax clients around the world, is used to illustrate the logic for enhancing organisational-level privacy programmes based on ethical reasoning. As new cyber security risks emerge, this case demonstrates that to protect critical data companies must be proactive in their technology security efforts.
Case study: Implementing the IT platform of the future in Copenhagen Airport
Authors: Poulsen Christian , Motaghiani Mehdi , Kolind Esben
Published: July 2024

This paper describes in detail the journey that Copenhagen Airport (CPH) has embarked on towards the full replacement of the legacy core airport IT systems with a state-of-the-art, modern data platform supporting the high digital ambitions in its business strategy. It informs about the growing IT challenges requiring a radical approach, the bold vision for a ‘smart airport’, the strong organisational implementation setup and finally the details of the truly data-driven platform that has been developed as a result.
Supply chain management/ Some lessons learned the hard way
Authors: Nuttall Stephen
Published: July 2024

This paper will look at some of the experiences, lessons and frustrations experienced in managing supply chains for business continuity. No-one has time to make all the mistakes, nor to learn all the lessons on their own, so it is useful to share experiences. Over the last 25 years, the author has been involved in supply chain management as a contract manager; a programme and project manager; and as a business continuity manager. Although times change, there are some fundamental principles that are absolutely critical in making sure that supply chains do what they are needed to do/ to keep business going. Supply chains are here to stay. Indeed, with today’s drive towards outsourcing, best-shoring and contracting out, they are becoming more important every year and this will only continue over time. Moreover, in the highly competitive markets in which all organisations operate, suppliers may well be carrying out operations that not all that long ago would have been considered to be part of core business. Getting the right relationship with the supply chain is more critical than ever before.1 What does this mean to business continuity professionals? They need to think not just about their own BC plans, but about the plans of their suppliers, and even those of their suppliers’ suppliers. This may seem obvious, but unlike internal BC plans written by and for an organisation, it must be considered just what a supplier’s plans are designed to achieve. What business outcomes will their plans deliver? If they recover their own business, how does that affect the business they serve? Are others’ assumptions of how they will react in line with theirs?
People powered brands: How companies can inspire consumer action
Authors: Morrison Gwen , Humlen Anneliza
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the ways in which brands have evolved beyond creating connections, to inspire deeper levels of emotional support from their audience. Building emotional connections used to be considered abstract and subjective, and was therefore dismissed by many in the industry, even until today, as being a ‘nice to have’ quality for a brand. But as the impact of traditional media weakens, and the value of earned media strengthens, marketers must evolve their perception of ‘value’ if they are to truly understand what matters in the connection between people and brands. The rise of social networks and Big Data enables marketers to have not only a better understanding of the life interests of consumers, but also how emotion can inspire advocacy into becoming action. The authors explore three different levels of community that form as a result of the emotional engagement in a brand. They discuss the motivating factors and illustrate the differences in engagement and impact through shared case studies. Their work focuses on defining the benefits of these communities for both marketer and consumer, and the unique characteristics that can empower shared interests to evolve from the marketed message, to becoming a transformative social movement. They draw from proprietary WPP research, academic studies on social and community behaviour, and over 40 years of combined experience in emotional branding.
Risk impact is in the eye of the beholder: The difficulties faced by the regulator in an offshore financial centre
Authors: Coleman Paul
Published: July 2024

Protecting the financial integrity and reputation of the financial sector by achieving strong anti-money laundering and combating terrorist financing regimes is a crucial responsibility of the regulator. Conflicting objectives exist between the regulator and the financial institution based upon their assessment, should money laundering occur, of the reputational impact to the country’s financial sector and to the financial institution itself. The expectation of the regulator, through rigorous supervision, to uphold the integrity of the financial sector continues to increase. While agreeing with the concept of effective management of money laundering and terrorist financing risks, the financial institution must protect the integrity of the financial system in the context of an environment of demanding cost constraints. This paper considers the impact of centralisation as a cost effective operating model against the increasing demand and expectations for robust regulatory compliance, highlighting the conflicting objectives of both the regulator and the financial institution.
Measuring the effects of social media marketing: Adoptions, engagement and consequences
Authors: Chiang I-Ping , Huang Lin-Han , Lo Shih-Hui
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to establish a conceptual framework to measure the effects of social media marketing. The study collected 837 valid internet user samples through an online survey. Through factor analysis, four key factors of adopted social media marketing were extracted, namely goal orientation, social motivation, emotional motivation and social norms. The two types of engagement behaviour extracted were passive engagement and active engagement, and the three potential benefits were information provision, loyalty and purchase intention. In addition, partial least squares regression was conducted to analyse the relationships between elements and to test the effects of various marketing stimuli. The results suggest that most of the social media marketing considered in this study had a clear influence on customer engagement with social media. Based on the research results, conclusions and implications for theoretical and practical studies are provided.
How Wimbledon embraced social media
Authors: Willis Alexandra
Published: July 2024

The challenge of keeping up with social media is a mammoth one, as models change, expectations evolve and the landscape fragments. But the secret of success is in remembering what one is trying to achieve, and forcing oneself to always come back to it. With examples from the world of sport and entertainment, this paper provides a useful guide to marketers on tackling some of the challenges and embracing some of the opportunities.
Multi-brand retailer community model: How multi-brand retailers can create and manage strong brand communities
Authors: Nightingale Kate
Published: July 2024

Department stores are struggling, yet a new breed of multi-brand retailers operating retail-as-service models are thriving. Brand communities are gaining popularity as a next differentiating factor in brand proposition, especially with direct-to-consumer (DTC) brands applying it so successfully and consumers increasingly searching for somewhere to belong, more often than not to tackle growing loneliness. Customers’ trust in brands is increasing, along with the need for brands to address various social issues, both at a local and at a wider social level. The current strategies for creating engaged brand communities, however, are not considering all these consumer behaviour shifts or the varied relationships that multi-brand retailers could incorporate to create more holistic, and therefore even more valuable, brand communities. This paper proposes a new multi-brand retailer community model with three important elements (human, local, brands) and describes strategies used to support each of them.
Focusing on the primary purpose: Protecting the attorney–client privilege and work product doctrine in incident response
Authors: Taylor Ashley , Raether Ron , Mirza Sadia , Hatcher Sam , Gill Bonnie
Published: July 2024

Organisations responding to cyber security incidents must manage their incident response efforts while maintaining two critical legal protections: the attorney–client privilege and the work product doctrine. This paper analyses how the attorney–client privilege and the work product doctrine, when properly maintained, prevent information regarding an organisation’s thoughts and discussions from being disclosed or used in subsequent proceedings. It discusses how recent judicial decisions analysing the application of these two doctrines have emphasised the importance of seemingly minor details that may be overlooked during incident response efforts that can have significant consequences in subsequent legal actions when asserting protections. In particular, courts will focus on the stated purpose for any step in the incident response process (eg business versus legal), and any discrepancies between the stated purpose and conduct can have disastrous effects on future claims of protection in legal proceedings. This paper puts forward that organisations should craft incident response plans with the maintenance of these protections in mind. Practical steps organisations can take include carefully scrutinising the language in retainer agreements, involving in-house or outside counsel at the earliest opportunity, limiting the disclosure of privileged materials, and exercising caution when documenting during incident response. After-the-fact attempts to shield the results of any investigation from opposing parties in litigation are rarely successful, so organisations should take affirmative steps to ensure the vitality of these two critical legal protections from the earliest stages of incident response, which start with the planning and preparation.
Don’t leave money on the table when selling corporate real estate assets — Real estate transactions do not need to be a liability any more: A case study on selling CRE assets in a transparent manner
Authors: Kehlet Rieck Allan , Van Der Linden Kees
Published: July 2024

The paper shares experiences and know-how on how to significantly improve the divestment process of Corporate Real Estate assets by better managing transaction risks, reducing the project timeline and increasing the net sales value. Two Corporate Real Estate executives share their hands-on experience in relating how they refused to accept that real estate transactions could not be more transparent and found the answer thanks to technology.
Discriminatory data: Why governments need to view digital privacy as an equity issue
Authors: Gehami Albert
Published: July 2024

Recent US privacy legislation has introduced robust privacy controls on the private sector but has tended to leave governments alone. Many public services require an exchange of privacy for safety and convenience, which can have a disproportionate impact on marginalised communities. This paper argues the need for governments to incorporate digital privacy into their equity strategies and shares the City of San José’s initial approach as a case study. The paper presents three elements through which digital privacy can have an impact on the equity implications of new surveillance technology: purpose, place and accuracy. It concludes that by integrating surveillance technology with privacy and prioritisation of racial equity, governments can create lasting technical systems that provide better, faster, and potentially more affordable services to all communities.
Thinking about theory and practice: What it means to reach effective risk management decisions in banking
Authors: Hugo Hoffmann Christian
Published: July 2024

It is a commonly held misbelief in risk management in banking that the application of logic and mathematics in economics and finance serve as panacea for all the challenges risk managers face. Against the background of lurking traps on this terrain of risk management, the call for an avoidance strategy cannot be ignored. This paper outlines five guidelines that should be met on the way towards decision-making competency in risk management: (1) Adopt intellectual modesty to come to the insight that every approach to risk management can be maladaptive. (2) Effective risk management is ascribed to well-informed decision-making, where the risks are known and understood by decision-makers. (3) Understanding risks does not culminate in risk control, but it creates room for more systems-oriented regulation. (4) Reaching awareness of a latent paradox: effective risk management and mitigation can be ineffective when viewed over time. (5) Practical wisdom is the trump card for determining decisionmaking competency: formal modelling is no substitute for human judgment in evaluating risks.
Detecting, investigating and preventing fraud: Can it truly be prevented?
Authors: Kaplan Mark , Cherry Elin
Published: July 2024

Employee fraud and conduct failures have caused some of the largest losses suffered by financial institutions, and led to the departure of several very well-respected CEOs and other senior management at those institutions. That includes the rogue trading incidents at UBS, Société Générale and Kidder Peabody, and the more recent conduct issues arising from the so-called rates manipulation cases and the account opening issues at Wells Fargo. Building an effective programme for the detection, identification and investigation of those risks is a crucial priority for all financial institutions. This paper reviews some of the most prominent incidents of employee fraud and conduct failures, and the important lessons learned from those incidents. Based on those events, this paper outlines the essential foundational elements for building an effective enterprise-wide monitoring and detection programme, including the type of organisation, skill sets, governance, tools, processes and culture one must have in place. The paper also focuses on some of the new technology tools available, including AI, natural language processing and data analytics, which will greatly enhance the ability of control departments such as Compliance, Risk and Internal Audit to detect and identify this activity.
Cloud concentration risk: A framework agent-based model for systemic risk analysis
Authors: Harmon Richard L. , Vytelingum Perukrishnen , Babaie-Harmon Jiyan
Published: July 2024

This paper provides a brief overview of key trends in cloud adoption and cloud deployment strategies, how global regulators are evaluating cloud-related operational risks and how might they deal with these potential risks in the future. Furthermore, the role of recent innovations in the Big Data and Analytics space has resulted in a next generation hybrid, multicloud architecture that addresses many of the near-term operational risks that regulators have identified with public cloud adoption. The last section of this paper outlines a framework agent-based model (ABM) that can be the foundation for regulators, market participants and cloud service providers (CSPs) to evaluate these types of risks. This approach can identify potential contagion trigger points that can lead to cloud-driven systemic risk events. The authors demonstrate how this framework ABM can be extended to evaluate regulatory policies under different criteria and market structures. Future research points to the integration of Evolutionary Game Theoretic configurations that could help determine the effectiveness of potential regulatory policies as well as identify circumstances where suboptimal regulatory and compliance outcomes arise.
Defects in dispute : Common modern construction-related defects and their context in construction disputes
Authors: Fedigan Matthew
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the author considers the nature of construction-related defects identified from 59 of 307 reported decisions in cases from the England and Wales High Court Technology and Construction Court (TCC) between 15th January, 2016 and 11th November, 2019. The paper explores what surveyors, dispute resolvers and legal representatives can learn about the nature of construction-related defects from the identified cases. Defects cases over the last three to four years indicate that approximately 19 per cent of cases heard by the TCC relate to construction and building defects and remain a central part of TCC business. Current indications are that this trend will continue despite recent advances in methods of construction and technology.
A guide to research storytelling: Strategies for increasing reputation and affinity
Authors: Aalbers Emily
Published: July 2024

This paper showcases different strategies used in research storytelling that can increase reputation and affinity and includes two step by step practical guides for how to use the research in practice. The writing strategies examined include how writers build the character of the institutions, the researchers and their research; what strategies writers use to appeal to a reader’s emotions; and how writers use a written style to enhance the impact of their stories. The two guides provided include one for writing professionals and one for researchers outlining best practices for finding, selecting, writing and reviewing research stories.
Catalytic effects of aviation and their importance for airport development
Authors: Littorin Henrik
Published: July 2024

The connectivity that aviation brings is a key component in a globalised world. It creates a significant economic footprint in society far away from the airports and the aviation industry itself. The knowledge level regarding these catalytic effects is often low among different stakeholders. This lack of knowledge about the values created by aviation’s connectivity is an obstacle when airports are trying to realise different visions regarding airport development. There has been a lack of credible figures and communications on a local level. During the last year a thorough study has been performed in order to be able to explain the catalytic effects that aviation creates in Sweden, in a fact-based way. The results show a substantial contribution to GDP and jobs. By forecasting the contribution up to 2030, it is also possible to show the growth and jobs that will be lost if connectivity were to be constrained. By building a fact-based communications approach together with the aviation industry in Sweden, the aim is to increase knowledge about how aviation contributes to the Swedish economy far away from the aviation industry itself.
Emergency and crisis management: Critical incident stress management for first responders and business organisations
Authors: Guenthner Daniel H.
Published: July 2024

A literature review was performed on critical incident stress after September 11th, 2001 (9/11), and Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, which focused on the need to implement a holistic critical incident stress management programme for first responders and business organisations. Critical incident stress management is required to handle acute stress and other distress in the face of natural or man-made disasters, including terrorist attacks. A holistic approach to community resilience through a well-planned and implemented critical incident stress management programme has been shown in the literature to promote self-help and self-efficacy of individuals and organisations. The interventions and programme elements defined clearly show how a number of different intervention and prevention strategies will promote business and community resilience and also self-efficacy in a culturally-diverse community and organisation. Implementing a critical incident stress management programme within a responding business organisation is critical because of the fact that first responders are the most susceptible every day to exposure to critical incidents that will affect their mental health; and business employees will suffer some of the same maladies as first responders in the event of a disaster or crisis. Utilising the framework provided, a holistic critical incident stress management programme can be implemented to help reduce the effects of burnout, absenteeism, acute stress, post-traumatic stress, substance use and traumatic stress, and to work to promote community resilience and toughen individuals against the effects of stress. Taking care of the needs of the employees of a business organisation, and of those of first responders, is clearly required.
Ombudsman complaints: Better complaints handling
Authors: Baguley John
Published: July 2024

As property professionals, getting it right first time sits at the heart of all that you do. But mistakes do happen and complaints are made. Ombudsman Services: Property (OS:P) is the ombudsman scheme appointed to handle complaints from domestic customers of RICS members. OS:P handles around 1200 property complaints a year and often common themes run through the complaints it sees. This paper looks at how to handle a complaint as well as where the most common complaints are happening. The paper discusses how effective complaints handling can positively influence the outcome, and also analyses where complaints occur most frequently offering tips to prevent the common mistakes investigated by OS:P.
Mine the past: How to make better risk-based decisions and improve outcomes with historical threat data
Authors: Pickren Ann
Published: July 2024

The impact of every crisis has the potential to cascade throughout an organisation’s operations, supply chain and market ecosystem. To properly understand and mitigate this ripple of dynamic risk, business continuity, security and risk management leaders need to know where to focus their attention. Looking at historical threat data provides a clearer picture of the risk landscape, helping leaders better anticipate and plan for the future. To date, however, there have been challenges in this process. As the volume of data about critical events continues to grow at an alarming rate, sifting manually through data puts organisations — and business continuity — in jeopardy. This paper discusses the value of historical threat data and innovations in data-mining technology that can unlock the true power of historical data for informed, strategic decision-making and better outcomes during a crisis.
Designing for an adaptable future
Authors: Reepmeyer Maren
Published: July 2024

In a world that has been turned on its head, how do architects and designers — those that shape our environments and influence our spatial experiences — respond and adapt in meaningful ways? This paper explores five fundamental perspectives to adopt, which when combined, create a solid framework that can shape a more adaptable future for a commercial property. Does your space function, perform and promote? Can you infuse flexibility into your property that will allow it to transcend market cycles? This paper presents an approach to methodically, yet innovatively, create environments that respond to changing benchmarks, while proposing a series of relatable, real-world project examples.