bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metodologias ativas como instrumento para um olhar sensível e acolhedor sobre a importância da vacinação em adolescentes
Authors: Gomes Aline Tavares , Marques Jaciane Santos , Meneses Marilyse de Oliveira , Leal Samira Rego Martins de Deus , Brandão Socorro Adriana de Sousa Meneses
Published: April 2020

Objetiva- se descrever a experiência de profissionais residentes de enfermagem sobre a temática imunização com alunos de uma escola pública do município de Teresina. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo a partir de um relato de experiência vivenciado por profissionais residentes enfermeiras do Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família e Comunidade (RMSFC), em parceria com o Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família (NASF) e representantes da equipe da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) em uma escola pública municipal, localizado na zona sul de Teresina-PI. A ação de educação em saúde foi constituída em três diferentes momentos, sendo estes: Acolhimento, executado por meio de uma dinâmica de “quebra-gelo”, a qual objetivou o início da construção de vínculos entre as profissionais e os alunos; desenvolvimento, na qual foi possível perceber o conhecimento prévio dos estudantes sobre o tema, por meio da distribuição de tarjetas, seguido da construção conjunta de um mapa conceitual elaborado com os conhecimentos repassados pelas enfermeiras residentes, dirimindo dúvidas e apresentando uma nova perspectiva sobre a importância da imunização; e finalização realizada por meio da dinâmica dos mitos e verdades. Conclui- se que apesar dos alunos possuírem conhecimentos gerais sobre a imunização, algumas informações são repassadas a estes de forma incompleta, sendo necessário o desenvolvimento de ações que promovam a sensibilização dos estudantes quanto às práticas de imunização. Ressalta-se a importância de profissionais de saúde apropriarem-se das metodologias ativas, adquirindo um olhar mais sensível, culminando em maior assimilação de conhecimentos pelos participantes e compartilhamento de saberes.
Trabalho do arquiteto e interfaces com a saúde e qualidade de vida do ser humano
Authors: Bento Ândria de Siqueira , Siqueira Hedi Crecencia Heckler de , Medeiros Adriane Calvetti de , Silva Dápine Neves da , Sampaio Aurélia Danta , Rodrigues Sidiane Teixeia , Severo Danusa Fernandes
Published: April 2020

O estudo teórico-filosófico, reflexivo, exploratório e qualitativo. Que objetivou a refletir acerca das interfaces do trabalho do arquiteto, saúde e qualidade de vida do ser humano. A arquitetura não evoluiu apenas quanto ao planejamento arquitetônico para englobar maior solidez, utilidade e beleza dos espaços/ambientes construídos, mas cresceu, também   frente a percepção da qualidade de quem utilizará as edificações. O ser humano com boa qualidade de vida e, consequentemente, com saúde consegue realizar-se diante das suas necessidades e potencialidades. Ele carece de oportunidades para o exercício de um bem-estar e um bem viver saudável e, para isso, é necessário uma equipe interdisciplinar, entre os quais, o  profissional arquiteto, cujo principal  escopo de trabalho consiste em criar espaços/ambientes construídos visando melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas que neles vivem.
Ensino de Ciências na educação infantil: uma revisão sistemática em periódicos, teses e dissertações da área de ensino
Authors: Silva Julio Cesar Souza da , Lucas Lucken Bueno , Sanzovo Daniel Trevisan
Published: April 2020

O ensino de ciências é um campo essencial para educação científica das pessoas, e este ensino pode e deve ser iniciado desde a mais terna idade, ainda na educação infantil, buscando formar pessoas críticas e cientificamente alfabetizadas. Porém, para a ocorrência desta formação em ciências faz-se necessário a ação de professores preparados de modo a possibilitar a seus alunos diversas experiências e saberes próprios da área. Assim, de modo a investigar como está sendo tratado o ensino de ciências na educação infantil, bem como a formação de professores para esse empreendimento, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática em artigos, teses e dissertações acerca da temática “ensino de ciências na educação infantil”. Como procedimento metodológico foi elencada a metodologia de revisão sistemática de literatura de Kitchenham (2004). Os bancos de dados elencados foram periódicos listados no WebQualis da Plataforma Sucupira/CAPES, com período de levantamento de 1996 a 2019 e teses e dissertações listados na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, no período de 2000 a 2019. Como resultado, foi constatado que de uma amostragem de 3.840 trabalhos, apenas 45 tratavam da temática, dos quais somente 12 abordam a formação de professores para o ensino de ciências na educação infantil. Esse resultado evidencia a necessidade de propostas formativas para docentes, embora tenha sido evidenciado um crescente interesse por esta nos últimos anos. Foram estabelecidas categorias temáticas, provenientes do levantamento, que podem vir a servir como base para futuras pesquisas.
Percebendo o outro: relato de experiência sobre a entrevista fenomenológica
Authors: Joaquim Fabiana Lopes , Silva Rose Mary Costa Rosa Andrade , Pereira Eliane Ramos , Camacho Alessandra Conceição Leite Funchal , Melo Sérgio Henrique Silva
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a experiência da entrevista fenomenológica na produção de dados da tese de doutoramento com pacientes adultos e idosos com úlceras venosas, sustentada no referencial merleaupontiano. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo relato de experiência O campo de investigação foi o Ambulatório de Reparo de Feridas do Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro. A coleta de dados ocorreu de junho a dezembro de 2016, por meio de instrumento da entrevista fenomenológica. O relato aponta que a coleta de dados por intermédio da entrevista fenomenológica permitiu vivenciar experiências significativas frente às dimensões ôntica e ontológica dos participantes. Frente o exposto, conclui-se que a entrevista fenomenológica permite ir ao cerne das experiências vividas de pessoas, permitindo a narração das mesmas de forma trazer a tona à consciência interiorizada, o que permite o desnude do “cogito” de cada indivíduo.
Origanum majorana como agente ansiolítico em odontologia: uma revisão literária
Authors: Sales Gabrielli Bezerra , Alencar Janaina Barbosa de , Santos Rafaela Oliveira , Rodrigues Neto Sérvulo da Costa , Sousa Aleson Pereira de , Oliveira Filho Abrahão Alves de
Published: April 2020

O presente estudo teve por objetivo reunir os dados já adquiridos sobre o uso da Origanum majorana (manjerona), características botânicas, principais constituintes e estudos científicos acerca da espécie como agente fitoterápico na Odontologia, com enfoque no uso potencial como ansiolítico. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura em um período que compreende os anos de 2009 a 2019 nas plataformas de pesquisa Google Acadêmico e Scielo (Scientific Eletronic Library Online). Os principais constituintes identificados no óleo essencial de O. majorana foram o terpinen-4-ol, γ-terpinene e α-terpinene. Outro composto importante desta espécie seria o cis-terpineol, o qual possuiria atividade anestésica e potencial de modular a capacidade do GABAA. Estudos realizados com óleos essenciais de O. majorana promoveram o relaxamento muscular no gastrópode Pomacea canaliculata em concentrações acima de 100μL L -1, bem como sedação na espécie de peixe Rhamdia quelen na concentração de 100 μL L -1, e anestesia nas concentrações de 200, 300, 400 e 500 μL L -1À manjerona atribui-se ainda efeitos antimicrobianos, antioxidantes, anestésicos, relaxantes e citotóxicos. Origanum majorana é uma espécie amplamente utilizada no tratamento de distúrbios do Sistema Nervoso Central, devido aos seus efeitos antiepiléticos e sedativos. Pesquisas desenvolvidas recentemente demonstraram que o efeito antimicrobiano também está presente, porém, são necessários mais estudos focados apenas em cepas microbianas isoladas. Embora seus resultados venham se mostrando eficazes é preciso enfatizar que produtos naturais também podem provocar efeitos adversos.
A evasão em uma Licenciatura em Física: um olhar para as relações com o saber
Authors: Simões Bruno dos Santos , Custódio José Francisco
Published: April 2020

A escassez de professores de Física habilitados atuantes na Educação Básica nos remete à necessidade de compreendermos um fenômeno fortemente presente nos cursos de Física pelo país: a evasão universitária. Dessa forma, este trabalho traz os motivos elencados por estudantes em situação de evasão do curso de Licenciatura em Física da UFSC (entre 2004 a 2014) para deixarem a graduação. À luz da teoria da relação com o saber e com olhar aos aspectos de ordem afetiva, percebemos que a relação com o outro (principalmente os docentes), atrelada à dificuldades na relação com o mundo (conciliar trabalho e estudo) e elementos da dimensão epistêmica (alto índice de reprovações), foram os aspectos mais citados como causa da evasão para o grupo analisado.
Liderança em enfermagem frente aos cuidados paliativos
Authors: Roque Thicianne da Silva , Silva Bárbara Tarouco da , Rosa Bibiane Moura da , Santos Carolina de Souza Carvalho Serpa , Garcia Eduarda de Quadros Morrudo , Sousa José Ismar dos Santos
Published: April 2020

Enfermeiros assumem cada vez mais papeis de liderança ao longo de toda a cadeia de prestação de cuidados em saúde e suas responsabilidades permeiam todo o processo de cuidado. O presente estudo tem como objetivo conhecer o que a literatura nacional e internacional tem apresentado, no período de 2015 a 2019, sobre a temática liderança em enfermagem frente aos cuidados paliativos. Trata-se de um estudo reflexivo. Para embasar a reflexão realizou-se um levantamento da literatura nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e Scientific Eletronic Library Online. Os descritores utilizados foram os seguintes: “Cuidados paliativos”, “liderança” e “enfermagem”. A busca foi realizada no mês de fevereiro de 2020, sendo selecionados quatro artigos que auxiliaram na discussão. Enfermeiros líderes com conhecimentos em cuidados paliativos são essenciais para o sucesso das iniciativas de cuidado. Outrossim, se faz necessário o estabelecimento de vínculos entre o profissional e o paciente visando a garantir uma assistência qualificada, integral e contínua, englobando família/cuidador de forma humanizada, resolutiva, com qualidade e responsabilidade. Identificou-se a importância da liderança e a utilização da comunicação como estratégias que permitem ao enfermeiro implementar mudanças de modo a prestar um cuidado paliativo com qualidade. A liderança em enfermagem frente aos cuidados paliativos surge naturalmente, uma vez que o enfermeiro recebe informações de todos os membros da equipe multidisciplinar, sendo elo de ligação entre todos os profissionais, bem como entre a família e a equipe.
Hydrological modelling of tropical watersheds under low data availability
Authors: Cecílio Roberto Avelino , Campanharo Wesley Augusto , Zanetti Sidney Sara , Lehr Amanda Tan , Lopes Alessandra Cunha
Published: April 2020

Hydrologic simulation is an important tool for the planning and management of water resources. However, the lack of input data, particularly soil and climate data, frequently complicates the application of hydrological models in Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest basins. The purpose of this study was to analyse the application of the VIC model, under the condition of low data availability, to predict the daily streamflow of two basins (Jucu and Santa Maria da Vitória). The results showed satisfactory statistical indexes only for the Santa Maria da Vitória basin. Due to data limitations and the simplified forms used to estimate these missing data, the model proved promising for understanding the hydrologic regime of these basins.
Quality of commercial chicken cuts fresh and with seasoning in the southwest of Goiás
Authors: Sousa Tainara Leal , Silva Jessyca Pinheiro da , Lima Daniele Silva , Silva Richard Marins da , Egea Mariana Buranelo , Viana Leticia Fleury
Published: April 2020

Due to the good acceptability and being an easily accessible and economically product for consumption, the production of chicken meat has been increasing in the last two decades.That said,it was aimed with this research to evaluate the microbiological, physicochemical quality of fresh and seasoned chicken meat commercialized in the city of Santa Helena de Goiás.The samples were collected in four commercial establishments  and then there were carried out microbiological analyzes for total, thermotolerant coliforms and Salmonella spp, physical and chemical analyzes for pH, acidity and water retention.The results obtained in the microbiological analyzes for total and thermotolerant coliforms showed that the samples were above the limits established by Normative Instruction No. 62, of 09/18/2003, by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply.For Salmonella spp. evaluation the microorganism was present in 25g in three from the four samples evaluated.The pH of the samples ranged from 6.17 to 6.53, consistent with values found in the literature.A there was a small variation in the analyzed samples acidity.Only one sample, among the four evaluated showed higher water retention.Thus, it was possible to conclude that the fresh and seasoned chicken cuts analyzed were not in hygienic-sanitary conditions suitable for consumption.
As contribuições da brincadeira de bola de gude para o resgate das regras de convivências e aprendizagem
Authors: Lourdes Dayane Freitas de , Gomes Antonio , Carvalho Edione Teixeira de , Selva Odete
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo refere-se a uma investigação desenvolvida a partir de um projeto aplicado em uma turma de alunos do 5º ano do ensino fundamental, com o objetivo de compreender a importância das regras de convivência e o respeito, com vistas no desenvolvimento e aprimoramento da compreensão das habilidades por meio de estratégias lúdicas. O referido projeto buscou enfatizar as melhorias no processo de ensino-aprendizagem através do jogo de bola de gude, bem como, possibilitar mecanismos de socialização aos que apresentavam dificuldades de relacionamento, tanto dentro quanto fora da sala de aula. Para tal, foi elaborado em conjunto um regimento, contendo as regras de cada fase do trabalho, e, de forma minuciosa as nuances pertinentes à execução das atividades, visto que havia alguns estudantes da referida turma que apresentavam dificuldades de relacionamento, os quais acabam interferindo na concentração, produção, compreensão e resolução das atividades. O trabalho é de natureza qualitativa, usando a técnica da observação e pesquisa bibliográfica. Ao finalizar o referido projeto e as observações in loco, concluiu-se que foram alcançados resultados satisfatórios, pois foi constatado que brincadeira é coisa séria, e por mais simples que seja se direcionada, planejada e organizada, pode ser um grande dispositivo para o desenvolvimento do processo de ensino-aprendizagem e socialização dos estudantes.
Processing, characterization and stability of Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) extract
Authors: Cardoso Cláudio Fernandes , Santos Midiana Gusmão dos , Silva Yasmini Portes Abraham , Canedo Marianny Silva , Garcia Lismaíra Gonçalves Caixeta , Silva Flávio Alves da
Published: April 2020

The aim of this work was to obtain Brazil-soluble Brazil nut extract on a pilot scale, to determine the physical-chemical, microbiological, sensory and rheological characteristics of the products obtained and to determine the microbiological, physical-chemical and physical stability of the extract in presence and absence light and preservatives. This is a quantitative study, carried out in the laboratory. Extracts were characterized in terms of physicochemical (proximate composition, mineral profile, pH, titratable acidity, color), rheological (apparent viscosity, flow index, consistency coefficient), microbiological (yeast and molds, Salmonella sp., coliforms at 35ºC and at 45ºC and coagulase positive Staphylococcus), and sensory (odor, color, taste, global impression, buying intention) parameters. Furthermore, the effect of the addition of preservatives (500 mg/L citric acid, 0.15% w:v sodium benzoate and 0.1% w:v potassium sorbate) and of the exposure to light on the physicochemical (pH, titratable acidity), physical (color variation) and microbiological stabilities throughout storage were assessed. The extracts had high energy content, due to its high protein and fat contents, besides being a valuable source of selenium. The extracts were characterized as non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluids, and were well accepted in sensory analysis, with up to 60% of the consumers indicating willingness to buy the product. The presence of preservatives at least doubled the shelf-life of the products, from 9 to up to 21 days. The incidence of light had no effect in the stability of the extracts.
Princípio educativo ensino com pesquisa na formação inicial de professores: perspectivas e desafios
Authors: Vieira Marilandi Maria Mascarello , Vieira Josimar de Aparecido
Published: April 2020

Neste artigo é apresentado, em linhas gerais, o estado de conhecimento sobre pesquisas que tratam do princípio educativo ensino com pesquisa na formação inicial de professores. Tendo em vista a abrangência e a dimensão da constituição do estado de conhecimento do referido tema, este trabalho de pesquisa analisa uma concepção atual para o princípio educativo ensino com pesquisa, assim como desafios e perspectivas. Constituído numa perspectiva qualitativa e dialética, foi produzido por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e análise de trabalhos apresentados nas reuniões anuais Associação Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação (ANPED, concentrados nos grupos de trabalho denominados “GT 04 - Didática” e “GT 08 - Formação de professores”. Envolvido nesta análise, aponta fundamentos que podem orientar práticas educativas caracterizadas pelo referido princípio, apresentando elementos que visam contribuir com as atividades de ensino, pesquisa e aprendizagem em cursos de formação inicial de professores. Apontam indicadores para a revisão dos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos que formam esses professores e caminhos possíveis para o desenvolvimento de um processo de ensinar e aprender, onde por meio do ensino também se faz produção do conhecimento (por meio da pesquisa).
Chamaejasmin B Decreases Malignant Characteristics of Mouse Melanoma B16F0 and B16F10 Cells
Authors: Si Lingling , Yan Xinyan , Wang Yan , Ren Boxue , Ren Huanhuan , Ding Yangfang , Zheng Qiusheng , Li Defang , Liu Ying
Published: April 2020

Chamaejasmin B (CHB), a natural biflavone isolated from Stellera chamaejasme L., has been reported to exhibit anti-cancer properties; however, its effect in melanoma cells is not clear. Here, we aimed to investigate the anticancer effect of CHB in mouse melanoma B16F0 and B16F10 cells. We found that CHB significantly suppressed cell proliferation and promoted cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in B16F0 cells; it also induced cell differentiation and increased melanin content by increasing tyrosinase (TYR) activity and mRNA levels of melanogenesis-related genes in B16F0 cells. Meanwhile, wound closure, invasion, and migration of B16F0 and B16F10 cells were dramatically inhibited. Moreover, CHB significantly increased ROS levels and decreased ΔΨm, resulting in B16F0 and B16F10 cell apoptosis. Finally, in vivo studies showed that CHB inhibited tumor growth and induced tumor apoptosis in a mouse xenograft model of murine melanoma B16F0 and B16F10 cells. Overall, CHB decreases malignant characteristics and may be a promising therapeutic agent for malignant melanoma cells via multiple signaling pathways.
Glyphosate Plus Carboxylic Compounds Boost Activity of Free Radical-Scavenging Enzymes in Sugarcane
Authors: de Almeida Moreira Bruno Rafael , da Silva Viana Ronaldo , Monteiro de Figueiredo Paulo Alexandre , Manzani Lisboa Lucas Aparecido , Tadao Miasaki Celso , Chagas Magahães Anderson , Bispo Ramos Sérgio , de Almeida Viana Charlene Raquel , Dias Rezende Trindade Vanessa , May André
Published: April 2020

Drought, heat, and salinity, as well as pests, are stressing agents, which have impressively declined the productivity and quality of sugarcane crop in harsh environments. Our study aimed to examine the effect of various chemical ripeners as alternatives to enhancing the reactiveness of the enzymatic antioxidant system of sugarcane crop. The field experiment consisted of spraying the ingredients, ethephon, ethyl-trinexapac, glyphosate, carboxylic compounds (MTD) and methyl-sulfumeturon on the Brazilian commercial varieties, SP80-1842 and SP80-3280, before flowering stage. The enzymatic assay comprised the monitoring of the rate of degradation of free radical by ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the extract from leaves of 11-month-old plants. Spraying glyphosate at 0.15 L ha−1 with MTD at 1.00 L ha−1 provided the highest activity of CAT, 0.65 µmol H2O2 min−1 mg−1 protein, in variety SP80-1842 Spraying glyphosate at 0.15 L ha−1 with ethephon at 0.33 L ha−1 caused the highest activity of APX, 1.70 nmol ascorbate min−1 mg−1 protein, in variety SP80-3280. The conclusion is, therefore, that mixtures of glyphosate with the insecticide/acaricide, MTD, and with the synthetic ethylene-releasing product, ethephon could help sugarcane crop grow adequately under uncontrollable or unpredictable agroecosystems like marginal lands.
Seed Mineral Composition and Protein Content of Faba Beans (Vicia faba L.) with Contrasting Tannin Contents
Authors: Khazaei Hamid , Vandenberg Albert
Published: April 2020

Two-thirds of the world’s population are at risk of deficiency in one or more essential mineral elements. The high concentrations of essential mineral elements in pulse seeds are fundamentally important to human and animal nutrition. In this study, seeds of 25 genotypes of faba bean (12 low-tannin and 13 normal-tannin genotypes) were evaluated for mineral nutrients and protein content in three locations in Western Canada during 2016–2017. Seed mineral concentrations were examined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the protein content was determined by Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Location and year (site-year) effects were significant for all studied minerals, with less effect for calcium (Ca) and protein content. Genotype by environment interactions were found to be small for magnesium (Mg), cobalt (Co), Ca, zinc (Zn), and protein content. Higher seed concentrations of Ca, manganese (Mn), Mg, and cadmium (Cd) were observed for low-tannin genotypes compared to tannin-containing genotypes. The protein content was 1.9% higher in low-tannin compared to tannin-containing genotypes. The high estimated heritability for concentrations of seed Mg, Ca, Mn, potassium (K), sulphur (S), and protein content in this species suggests that genetic improvement is possible for mineral elements.
Comparative Effects of Stovers of Four Varieties of Common Vetch on Growth Performance, Ruminal Fermentation, and Nutrient Digestibility of Growing Lambs
Authors: Huang Yafeng , Matthew Cory , Li Fei , Nan Zhibiao
Published: April 2020

This study evaluated common vetch stover as a feed in mixed rations for growing lambs. Four common vetch varieties were compared with alfalfa (control) for their effects on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen retention. Male Hu lambs (n = 50) aged 3 months, with a mean body weight of 17.5 ± 0.34 kg were allocated randomly to one of the five dietary treatments, making 10 lambs per treatment. The experiment lasted 67 days with a 10-day adaptation period and a 50-day fattening period, and with the final 7 days used for a nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance trial. All diets contained 30.0% maize straw and 50.0% concentrate, with different forage sources (on a fed basis): 20.0% alfalfa hay (control), 20.0% local common vetch variety 333A (C333A) stover, or 20.0% stover of one of three improved common vetch varieties: Lanjian No. 1 (CLJ1), Lanjian No. 2 (CLJ2), or Lanjian No. 3 (CLJ3). For stover quality, CLJ1 stover had the greatest crude protein (CP), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and metabolizable energy (ME) content and the least cell wall contents, while C333A stover had the least CP, IVOMD, and ME contents and the greatest cell wall contents. Sheep fed the control diet had a greater average daily gain (ADG), apparent digestibility of organic matter (DOM), neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and nitrogen retention, and greater ruminal total volatile fatty acids concentration than lambs fed the C333A or CLJ3 diet, but similar performance to lambs fed the CLJ1 and CLJ2 diets. The feed conversion ratio and predicted CH4 emission per unit of DOM intake and ADG of the control, CLJ1, and CLJ2 diets was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than for the other diets. Based on these results, stovers of varieties CLJ1 and CLJ2 can be recommended as an alternative to alfalfa hay and for use in a legume crop rotation with cereals on the Tibetan plateau.
Issues and Opportunities Associated with Trophy Hunting and Tourism in Khunjerab National Park, Northern Pakistan
Authors: Rashid Wajid , Shi Jianbin , Rahim Inam ur , Dong Shikui , Sultan Hameeda
Published: April 2020

Trophy hunting and mass tourism are the two major interventions designed to provide various socioeconomic and ecological benefits at the local and regional levels. However, these interventions have raised some serious concerns that need to be addressed. This study was conducted in Khunjerab National Park (KNP) with an aim to analyze comparatively the socioeconomic and ecological impacts of trophy hunting and mass tourism over the last three decades within the context of sustainability. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with key stakeholders and household interviews were conducted to collect data on trophy hunting and mass tourism, and on local attitudes towards these two interventions in and around KNP. The results revealed that 170 Ibex (Capra sibirica) and 12 Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) were hunted in the study area over the past three decades, and trophy hunting was not based on a sustainable harvest level. Trophy hunting on average generated USD 16,272 annual revenue, which was invested in community development. However, trophy hunting has greatly changed the attitudes of local residents towards wildlife: a positive attitude towards the wild ungulates and strongly negative attitude towards wild carnivores. In addition, trophy hunting has reduced the availability of ungulate prey species for Snow leopards (Panthera uncia), and consequently, Snow leopards have increased their predation on domestic livestock. This has, in turn, increased human–snow leopard conflict, as negative attitudes towards carnivores result in retaliatory killing of Snow leopards. Furthermore, according to official record data, the number of tourists to KNP has increased tremendously by 10,437.8%, from 1382 in 1999 to 145,633 in 2018. Mass tourism on average generated USD 33,904 annually and provided opportunities for locals to earn high incomes, but it caused damages to the environment and ecosystem in KNP through pollution generation and negative impacts on wildlife. Considering the limited benefits and significant problems created by trophy hunting and mass tourism, we suggest trophy hunting should be stopped and mass tourism should be shifted to ecotourism in and around KNP. Ecotourism could mitigate human–Snow leopard conflicts and help conserve the fragile ecosystem, while generating enough revenue incentives for the community to protect biodiversity and compensate for livestock depredation losses to Snow leopards. Our results may have implications for management of trophy hunting and mass tourism in other similar regions that deserve further investigation.
Possible Relationship between Long-Term Adverse Health Effects of Gonad-Removing Surgical Sterilization and Luteinizing Hormone in Dogs
Authors: Kutzler Michelle A.
Published: April 2020

Spaying and neutering dogs is commonly used to prevent the birth of unwanted animals and eliminate the risk of reproductive diseases. However, removal of the gonads prevents the feedback of estrogen and testosterone on the pituitary and hypothalamus. As a result, luteinizing hormone (LH) is continuously elevated at supraphysiologic concentrations. Although the main role of LH is for reproductive function (e.g., ovulation), there are LH receptors present in several normal tissues including the thyroid and adrenal glands, gastrointestinal tract, cranial cruciate ligament and round ligament, and lymphocytes. In addition, there are LH receptors present in several neoplastic tissues (e.g., lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, mastocytoma, transitional cell carcinoma, and osteosarcoma). The role of LH receptors in non-reproductive normal and neoplastic tissues is not known but may stimulate nitric oxide release and induce cell division. The precise etiology of the increased incidence of several non-reproductive long-term health complications following spaying and neutering is not known but may be related to LH receptor activation in these non-reproductive target tissues. How these effects may be mediated is described in this review.
Feeding Agroindustrial Byproducts to Light Lambs: Influence on Growth Performance, Diet Digestibility, Nitrogen Balance, Ruminal Fermentation, and Plasma Metabolites
Authors: de Evan Trinidad , Cabezas Almudena , de la Fuente Jesús , Carro María Dolores
Published: April 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing cereals and protein concentrates in a high-cereal concentrate (control) for light lambs with corn distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS; 18%), dried citrus pulp (DCP; 18%), and exhausted olive cake (EOC; 8%) in a byproduct (BYP) concentrate on growth performance, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and plasma metabolites. Two homogeneous groups of Lacaune lambs (13.8 kg ± 0.25 kg) were fed one of each concentrates and barley straw ad libitum until reaching about 26 kg body weight. There were no differences between groups on feed intake, average daily gain, or feed conversion ratio, but the control diet had greater (p < 0.001) dry matter digestibility. Diet had no effect on post-mortem ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentrations and profile, but NH3-N concentrations were lower (p = 0.003) for the BYP-fed group compared with the control one. However, plasma concentrations of amino acids, total proteins, urea, and hepatic enzymes were not affected by the diet. In conclusion, 44% of feed ingredients in the concentrate for light lambs can be replaced with a mixture of corn DDGS, DCP, and EOC without negatively affecting growing performance and animal health.
Molecular Identification of the “Facciuta Della Valnerina” Local Goat Population Reared in the Umbria Region, Italy
Authors: Ceccobelli Simone , Lasagna Emiliano , Demir Eymen , Rovelli Giacomo , Albertini Emidio , Veronesi Fabio , Sarti Francesca Maria , Rosellini Daniele
Published: April 2020

Italy holds important genetic resources of small ruminant breeds. By distinguishing goat breeds at the DNA level, certification of products from specific breeds can be valorized. The aim of this study was to establish the genetic identity of Facciuta della Valnerina, a local goat population of Italy, compared with the cosmopolitan breeds, Saanen and Camosciata delle Alpi, reared in the same geographic area. A total of 116 microsatellite alleles ranging from 4 to 13 were detected at 16 loci in the three goat populations/breeds. A total of 23 private alleles with frequencies lower than 0.3 were detected in the Facciuta della Valnerina population. The mean numbers of alleles were 6.67, 4.58, and 4.92 in Facciuta della Valnerina, Camosciata delle Alpi, and Saanen, respectively. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.20 to 0.86. Most loci were highly polymorphic and informative (polymorphic information content ≥0.50). Factorial correspondence analysis and principal components analysis revealed very clear separation between Facciuta della Valnerina and the two reference goat breeds. Reducing the number of markers from 16 to 12 (on the basis of polymorphic information content and the number of alleles) still allowed us to distinguish the local population, indicating that microsatellite markers are capable of discriminating local livestock breeds at a low cost.
Attitudes toward and Knowledge about Wolves in SW German Secondary School Pupils from within and outside an Area Occupied by Wolves (Canis lupus)
Authors: Randler Christoph , Wagner Annkathrin , Rögele Alena , Hummel Eberhard , Tomažič Iztok
Published: April 2020

Wolves (Canis lupus) were exterminated from most areas of western Europe during the last two centuries, but, during the last decades, wolves re-entered their previous distribution area in Germany. We compared secondary school students from within and outside a delineated wolf area, and analysed gender, age, and residency. A total of 254 students participated in this study (age: M = 12.63 ± 2.17). We used a measurement introduced which consisted of three parts, demographics, attitudes and knowledge. There was a significant overall effect of age, gender, and residency in attitudes toward wolves. More specifically, age was related to the subscale interest to learn, with lower interest scores related to an increasing age. Girls reported a higher level of fear. Conservation was lower within the wolf area than outside. Boys had a higher level of knowledge than girls. A higher level of knowledge was related to greater conservation, a greater interest to learn, a lower level of fear, and a lower acceptance of hunting. Hence, in order to improve students’ conservation attitudes, it would be useful to foster learning about wolves at school. Special attention should be paid to ensuring that girls also internalize the content of these lessons.
Economic and Welfare Impacts of Providing Good Life Opportunities to Farm Animals
Authors: Stokes Jessica E. , Mullan Siobhan , Takahashi Taro , Monte Federica , Main David C.J.
Published: April 2020

Existing animal welfare standards for legislation and food certification programmes are primarily designed to avoid harms to the livestock, with minimal consideration given to their behavioural freedoms. Recent research has shown, however, that animal welfare should not only be evaluated by the absence of negative states but also by the presence of “good life” or positive experiences enjoyed by animals. The objective of the present study is to investigate the scientific validity and on-farm cost implications of utilising potential input-based measures of positive welfare as part of evaluation criteria for farm assurance schemes. Building upon the Farm Animal Welfare Council’s concept of good life opportunities, an assessment was undertaken on 49 noncaged laying hen farms across the UK by measuring on-farm resources to facilitate positive experiences alongside commonly measured metrics for welfare outcomes. The financial cost of providing these resources on each enterprise was also estimated using a farm-scale costing tool. The results suggested that 63% of resource needs that facilitate the behaviour opportunities of laying hens are already being provided by these producers, far above legal and commercial requirements. This practice attracts no reward mechanism or direct financial benefit under the current market structure. Additional provision of opportunities was positively associated with behavioural outcomes, but only limited impact was observed on health and productivity measures. Economic modelling indicated that significant room exists to further improve welfare scores on these farms, on average by 97%, without incurring additional costs. Together we argue that these results can be seen as evidence of market failure since producers are providing positive welfare value to society that is not being currently recognised. It is therefore contended that measuring and rewarding the supply of good life opportunities could be a novel policy instrument to create an effective marketplace that appropriately recognises high welfare production.
Fermentative Quality and Animal Acceptability of Ensiled Persimmon Skin with Absorbents for Practical Use in Ruminant Feed
Authors: Abdelazeem Shimaa , Takeda Ken-ichi , Kurosu Kazuhiro , Uyeno Yutaka
Published: April 2020

Persimmon skin (PS), while representing an attractive feed source, requires an appropriate preservation procedure to increase its shelf life. We assessed the fermentation quality, in vitro ruminal incubation, and intake of persimmon skin silage ensiled with different dry absorbents. We prepared the silage on a table scale (Experiment 1) and evaluated five different mixtures: PS without an additive, PS plus Lactobacillus buchneri inoculum (LB), and PS plus LB plus each of the absorbents kraft pulp, wheat bran, or beet pulp. We opened the laboratory bags, kept at 25 °C, at 0, 14, 28, and 60 days for fermentation quality and chemical analysis (n = 3 for each measurement). Further, with an in vitro rumen simulated cultivation study (Experiment 2), we evaluated the fermentation pattern of PS with a mixture of two absorbents (kraft pulp and wheat bran) either raw (no fermentation) or ensiled (n = 4 for each treatment). Finally, we conducted an in vivo experiment using six dry ewes assigned based on their body weight to two experimental groups in a crossover design of two periods (Experiment 3). We fed a control group a 100% basal diet (tall fescue hay and concentrate mixture) and ensiled PS (PSS) group, a 20% dry matter substitution of tall fescue with PS silage mixed with kraft pulp as the sole absorbent. The results of Experiment 1 show, regardless of the absorbents used, the effluent volume of the lab bags was lower in absorbent-treated groups (p < 0.001). In Experiment 2, the condition of the PS with absorbents (raw or ensiled) did not affect the total gas production (p > 0.05), but we observed an increased propionate proportion in PSS with absorbents compared to basal diet (p = 0.019). The proportion of methane to the total gas in PSS group was considerably reduced compared with that in the other groups (p < 0.001). As we did this incubation study with a single run, a more detailed evaluation in the future would verify these observations. In the animal trial (Experiment 3), dry matter intake was similar between groups (p > 0.05), but ewes spent a shorter time eating in the PSS-fed group (p = 0.011). Here we present the practical use of PSS as part of ruminant feed in which dry absorbents prevented dry matter loss.
Identifying Physiological Stress Biomarkers for Prediction of Pork Quality Variation
Authors: Čobanović Nikola , Stanković Sanja Dj , Dimitrijević Mirjana , Suvajdžić Branko , Grković Nevena , Vasilev Dragan , Karabasil Nedjeljko
Published: April 2020

This study assessed the potential use of various physiological stress biomarkers as indicators of carcass and meat quality traits in 240 pigs subjected to the standard marketing conditions and minimal stressful antemortem handling using Pearson correlations. The most important pork quality traits (pH and temperature, water holding capacity, and color) had limited correlations with stress metabolites (lactate, glucose), stress hormones (cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone), stress enzymes (creatine kinase, aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase), electrolytes (sodium, chloride), and acute-phase proteins (haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, albumin), indicating poor reliability in predicting pork quality. Albumin level was moderately positively correlated with live weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, and back fat thickness. Alanine amino transferase level was moderately positively correlated with live weight, hot carcass weight, and cold carcass weight. Cortisol level was moderately positively correlated with live weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, and back fat thickness, and moderately negatively correlated with the lean carcass content. Increased lactate dehydrogenase level was moderately correlated with decreased drip and cooking loss. In conclusion, lactate dehydrogenase could help pork producers predict pork quality variation, while cortisol, alanine amino transferase, and albumin could be useful in prediction of carcass quality.
Mangrove Soil-Borne Trace Elements in Qi’ao Island: Implications for Understanding Terrestrial Input of Trace Elements into Part of the Pearl River Estuary
Authors: Niu Anyi , Ma Jiaojiao , Gao Yifei , Xu Songjun , Lin Chuxia
Published: April 2020

An investigation was conducted to characterize the trace element status of mangrove soils of Qi’ao Island in the Pearl River estuary. The results show that the spatial variation in the soil-borne trace elements in the investigated area was minor and most of the trace elements were at a level higher than those in other mangrove wetlands around the world, suggesting the mangrove soils of Qi’ao Island were heavily contaminated by trace elements transported from the Pearl River in the past two decades. Zn was closely related to Pb, Cu, Cd, and As, while some trace elements were not closely related to each other, indicating that they were derived from different sources. An integrated Nemerow pollution index of the surface soils at the 17 sampling locations ranged from 7.53 to 48.42, values which all fall within the highest pollution category. Among the 17 sampling locations, six locations had an ecological risk index (ERI) greater than 300, and 12 locations had an Ecological Risk Index (ERI) greater than 600, indicating that most of the investigated locations were at high or very high ecological risk. The findings obtained from this study have implications for understanding the terrestrial inputs of trace elements into part of the Pearl River estuary. This understanding can be used to guide the development of management strategies for controlling the discharges of trace elements from the catchment area and managing the aquatic ecosystems in the Pearl River Estuary.
Atomic Layer Deposition of High-k Insulators on Epitaxial Graphene: A Review
Authors: Giannazzo Filippo , Schilirò Emanuela , Lo Nigro Raffaella , Roccaforte Fabrizio , Yakimova Rositsa
Published: April 2020

Due to its excellent physical properties and availability directly on a semiconductor substrate, epitaxial graphene (EG) grown on the (0001) face of hexagonal silicon carbide is a material of choice for advanced applications in electronics, metrology and sensing. The deposition of ultrathin high-k insulators on its surface is a key requirement for the fabrication of EG-based devices, and, in this context, atomic layer deposition (ALD) is the most suitable candidate to achieve uniform coating with nanometric thickness control. This paper presents an overview of the research on ALD of high-k insulators on EG, with a special emphasis on the role played by the peculiar electrical/structural properties of the EG/SiC (0001) interface in the nucleation step of the ALD process. The direct deposition of Al2O3 thin films on the pristine EG surface will be first discussed, demonstrating the critical role of monolayer EG uniformity to achieve a homogeneous Al2O3 coverage. Furthermore, the ALD of several high-k materials on EG coated with different seeding layers (oxidized metal films, directly deposited metal-oxides and self-assembled organic monolayers) or subjected to various prefunctionalization treatments (e.g., ozone or fluorine treatments) will be presented. The impact of the pretreatments and of thermal ALD growth on the defectivity and electrical properties (doping and carrier mobility) of the underlying EG will be discussed.
Deep Learning Architecture for Collaborative Filtering Recommender Systems
Authors: Bobadilla Jesus , Alonso Santiago , Hernando Antonio
Published: April 2020

This paper provides an innovative deep learning architecture to improve collaborative filtering results in recommender systems. It exploits the potential of the reliability concept to raise predictions and recommendations quality by incorporating prediction errors (reliabilities) in the deep learning layers. The underlying idea is to recommend highly predicted items that also have been found as reliable ones. We use the deep learning architecture to extract the existing non-linear relations between predictions, reliabilities, and accurate recommendations. The proposed architecture consists of three related stages, providing three stacked abstraction levels: (a) real prediction errors, (b) predicted errors (reliabilities), and (c) predicted ratings (predictions). In turn, each abstraction level requires a learning process: (a) Matrix Factorization from ratings, (b) Multilayer Neural Network fed with real prediction errors and hidden factors, and (c) Multilayer Neural Network fed with reliabilities and hidden factors. A complete set of experiments has been run involving three representative and open datasets and a state-of-the-art baseline. The results show strong prediction improvements and also important recommendation improvements, particularly for the recall quality measure.
Creep Assessment of the Cement Matrix of Self-Compacting Concrete Modified with the Addition of Nanoparticles Using the Indentation Method
Authors: Niewiadomski Paweł , Stefaniuk Damian
Published: April 2020

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the modification of cement composites with finer materials, including nanoparticles. Multi-scale studies are needed to fully assess the effect of nanoparticles and provide a complete overview of their impact on both the structure of an obtained material and its important mechanical parameters, such as creep. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to fill the knowledge gap in the literature concerning the assessment of the creep of a cement matrix of self-compacting concrete modified with the addition of SiO2, TiO2, and Al2O3 nanoparticles using the indentation method. Depending on the type of used nanoparticles, we found an increase or decrease of the creep coefficient CIT in comparison to the reference series. The obtained results were scrupulously analyzed in terms of statistics, which enabled the conclusion that the addition of nanoparticles does not significantly affect the creep of the cement matrix of self-compacting concrete. The methodology used in this paper allowed us to shorten the time needed to assess the creep phenomenon compared to traditional methods and fill the corresponding knowledge gap in the literature.