bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Influencing Factors and Prediction of Tunnel Floor Heave in Gently Inclined Thin-Layered Rock Mass
Authors: Fan Rong , Chen Tielin , Wang Shunyu , Jiang Hao , Yin Xuexuan
Published: September 2024

In recent years, the construction of new railway tunnels worldwide has become increasingly challenging due to larger cross-sections, deeper burial depths, higher in situ stress, and more complex geological conditions. During both construction and operation, some tunnels have encountered significant issues with floor heave. This paper begins by identifying the primary causes of deformation and instability in tunnel floor structures through an investigation and statistical analysis. It then examines floor heave across more than 20 railway lines, summarizing the types, generation mechanisms, and mechanical models associated with this issue. Additionally, extensive survey data indicate that tunnel floor heave is most likely to occur in gently inclined thin-layered rock masses. Therefore, using a tunnel passing through the plate suture zone in such a rock mass as a case study, numerical simulations, theoretical analyses, and on-site monitoring were conducted. This study systematically analyzed the influence of single and multiple factors, as well as the mechanical behavior of the support system, on tunnel floor heave in gently inclined thin-layered surrounding rock. Furthermore, several key models were proposed: a tunnel floor heave estimation and load formula based on a mechanical model, a dynamic relationship between surrounding rock support force and tunnel floor heave using the Nishihara model, a tunnel floor settlement estimation formula based on deformation statistics, and a tunnel floor heave energy prediction model utilizing the B-P neural network algorithm. These conclusions have been validated and widely applied in practical engineering, providing a robust theoretical foundation and technical support for future tunnel construction.
A Spatial Accessibility Study of Public Hospitals: A Multi-Mode Gravity-Based Two-Step Floating Catchment Area Method
Authors: Sun Shijie , Sun Qun , Zhang Fubing , Ma Jingzhen
Published: September 2024

The multi-modal two-step floating catchment area (MM-2SFCA) method is an extension of the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method that incorporates the impact of different transportation modes, thereby facilitating more accurate calculations of the spatial accessibility of public facilities in urban areas. However, the MM-2SFCA method does not account for the impact of distance within the search radius on supply–demand capacities, and it assumes an idealized supply–demand relationship. This paper introduces the gravity model into the MM-2SFCA method, proposing a multi-modal gravity-based 2SFCA (MM-G2SFCA) method to better account for distance decay and supply–demand relationships. Furthermore, a standardized gravity model is proposed based on the traditional gravity model. This model imposes constraints on upper and lower limits for distance decay weights without compromising the fundamental curve characteristics of the gravity model, thereby avoiding extreme weight scenarios. The accessibility of public hospitals in Shenzhen is evaluated through the integration of basic geographic information data, resident travel data, and official statistical data. The findings demonstrate that the standardized gravity model effectively addresses the issue of excessively high local distance weights in the traditional gravity model, making it more suitable as a distance decay function. The MM-G2SFCA method improves the consideration of distance and supply–demand relationships, thereby facilitating a more rational distribution of accessibility on a global scale. This study discovers differences in the spatial allocation of public hospital resources across the Shenzhen’s districts. Accessibility within the metropolitan core is significantly higher than that outside the core. Additionally, there is a notable difference in the level of accessibility among the districts. Accessibility is found to be better in district centers and along the main traffic arteries.
Study on the Effect of Operating Conditions on the Friction Pair Gap in a Wet Multi-Disc Clutch in a Helicopter Transmission System
Authors: Li Xiaokang , Yan Hongzhi , Wei Dahuan , Wu Jiangming , Yin Mei , Xiao Yexin , Li Kefeng
Published: September 2024

The friction pair gap affects not only the temperature increase of the multi-disc wet clutch, but also the efficiency of the helicopter transmission system. Consequently, a rotational–axial engagement and disengagement-coupled kinetic model of a wet multi-disc clutch considering asperity contact, hydrodynamic lubrication, spline resistance, and a separating spring model are developed in this paper. The effects of operating conditions on the dynamic characteristics of the wet clutch are investigated. Further, the gap deviation coefficient is proposed to characterize the dynamic behavior of the friction pair gap. As the control oil pressure increases from 1.3 MPa to 1.7 MPa, the gap deviation coefficient increases by 8.6%. Moreover, as the rotation speed increases from 888 rpm to 2488 rpm and the lubricant oil temperature increases from 25 °C to 85 °C, the gap deviation coefficient decreases by 1.1% and 4.44%, respectively. Therefore, an appropriate increase in lubricant oil temperature and rotation speed can facilitate the friction pair gap to be more uniform. These results are useful for the development of optimal control strategies for aviation wet clutch systems.
Simulation and On-Site Monitoring of Deformation Characteristics of Roadway Excavation along Goaf in Soft and Thick Coal Seams in Western Mining Areas
Authors: Zhang Buchu , Zhang Shichuan , Shen Baotang , Li Yangyang , Song Shilong , Han Xuexian , Dang Jinming
Published: September 2024

In the western mining region, weakly cemented rock layers above the coal seams often lead to frequent catastrophic accidents during mining due to their instability. To address this, this paper analyzes the movement characteristics of surrounding rock in the recovery roadway and the effectiveness of from nearby large coal pillar roadways. A mechanical model for the failure of weakly cemented roadways was established, and numerical simulations were used to verify the feasibility of leaving small coal pillars along soft, thick coal seams. Additionally, existing measurements were used to evaluate the impact of leaving small coal pillars on the deformation of the surrounding rock in the recovery roadway. The results show that after changing the coal pillar retention to 5 m in the 130,205 working face of the Yangchangwan mining area, the roadway is in a low-stress zone, with minimal surrounding rock deformation, meeting safety requirements for production.
RD-SLAM: Real-Time Dense SLAM Using Gaussian Splatting
Authors: Guo Chaoyang , Gao Chunyan , Bai Yiyang , Lv Xiaoling
Published: September 2024

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is fundamental for intelligent mobile units to perform diverse tasks. Recent work has shown that integrating neural rendering and SLAM showed promising results in photorealistic environment reconstruction. However, existing methods estimate pose by minimizing the error between rendered and input images, which is time-consuming and cannot be run in real-time, deviating from the original intention of SLAM. In this paper, we propose a dense RGB-D SLAM based on 3D Gaussian splatting (3DGS) while employing generalized iterative closest point (G-ICP) for pose estimation. We actively utilize 3D point cloud information to improve the tracking accuracy and operating speed of the system. At the same time, we propose a dual keyframe selection strategy and its corresponding densification method, which can effectively reconstruct new observation scenes and improve the quality of previously constructed maps. In addition, we introduce regularization loss to address the scale explosion of the 3D Gaussians and over-elongate in the camera viewing direction. Experiments on the Replica, TUM-RGBD, and ScanNet datasets show that our method achieves state-of-the-art tracking accuracy and runtime while being competitive in rendering quality.
Bridging Thermochemical Technology and Ecology: Research Progress on Utilization of Factsage Software for Environmental Applications
Authors: Li Hao , Wang Hao , Lv Pin , Ma Hongzhi
Published: September 2024

Factsage is a robust thermodynamic calculation software that enables simulation and computation of complex multi-component and multi-phase system reactions. It has a variety of application fields such as metallurgy, energy, and environmental domains. This article elucidates the key functionalities of Factsage’s diverse modules, including Equilib, Viscosity, EpH, Reaction, and Phase Diagram modules. Furthermore, it delineates the present usage and research progress of the software in the realms of air pollution, water pollution, and solid waste treatment. By predicting the thermodynamic properties of pollutants, their chemical reactions, and complex phase changes, Factsage provides a critical scientific foundation for environmental decision-making and optimization of waste treatment processes. It showed its greater contributions to environmental protection and sustainable development.
Single-Molecule Tracking in Live Cell without Immobilization or without Hydrodynamic Flow by Simulations: Thermodynamic Jitter
Authors: Baumann Gerd , Földes-Papp Zeno
Published: September 2024

Experiments to measure a single molecule/particle, i.e., an individual molecule/particle, at room temperature or under physiological conditions without immobilization—for example, on a surface or without significant hydrodynamic flow—have so far failed. This failure has given impetus to the underlying theory of Brownian molecular motion towards its stochastics due to diffusion. Quantifying the thermodynamic jitter of molecules/particles inspires many and forms the theoretical basis of single-molecule/single-particle biophysics and biochemistry. For the first time, our simulation results for a live cell (cytoplasm) show that the tracks of individual single molecules are localized in Brownian motion, while there is fanning out in fractal diffusion (anomalous diffusion).
Advanced Imaging Methodology in Bacterial Biofilms with a Fluorescent Enzymatic Sensor for pepN Activity
Authors: Valverde-Pozo Javier , Paredes Jose M. , García-Rubiño María Eugenia , Girón María Dolores , Salto Rafael , Alvarez-Pez Jose M. , Talavera Eva M.
Published: September 2024

This research explores the use of the pepN activity fluorescent sensor DCM-Ala in bacterial biofilms, emphasizing its significance due to the critical role of biofilms in various biological processes. Advanced imaging techniques were employed to visualize pepN activity, introducing a novel approach to examining biofilm maturity. We found that the overexpression of pepN increases the ability of E. coli to form biofilm. The findings demonstrate varying levels of pepN activity throughout biofilm development, suggesting potential applications in biofilm research and management. The results indicate that the fluorescent emission from this sensor could serve as a reliable indicator of biofilm maturity, and the imaging techniques developed could enhance our understanding and control of biofilm-related processes. This work highlights the importance of innovative methods in biofilm study and opens new avenues for utilizing chemical emissions in biofilm management.
Revolutionizing Drug Discovery: The Impact of Distinct Designs and Biosensor Integration in Microfluidics-Based Organ-on-a-Chip Technology
Authors: Yuan Sheng , Yuan Huipu , Hay David C. , Hu Huan , Wang Chaochen
Published: September 2024

Traditional drug development is a long and expensive process with high rates of failure. This has prompted the pharmaceutical industry to seek more efficient drug development frameworks, driving the emergence of organ-on-a-chip (OOC) based on microfluidic technologies. Unlike traditional animal experiments, OOC systems provide a more accurate simulation of human organ microenvironments and physiological responses, therefore offering a cost-effective and efficient platform for biomedical research, particularly in the development of new medicines. Additionally, OOC systems enable quick and real-time analysis, high-throughput experimentation, and automation. These advantages have shown significant promise in enhancing the drug development process. The success of an OOC system hinges on the integration of specific designs, manufacturing techniques, and biosensors to meet the need for integrated multiparameter datasets. This review focuses on the manufacturing, design, sensing systems, and applications of OOC systems, highlighting their design and sensing capabilities, as well as the technical challenges they currently face.
A Systematic Review of the Impact of Emerging Technologies on Student Learning, Engagement, and Employability in Built Environment Education
Authors: Ghanbaripour Amir Naser , Talebian Nima , Miller Dane , Tumpa Roksana Jahan , Zhang Weiwei , Golmoradi Mehdi , Skitmore Martin
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a systematic literature review of the impact of emerging technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), Mixed Reality (MR), and gamification on student engagement, learning outcomes, and employability in Built Environment (BE) education. This review covers studies conducted between 2013 and 2023, utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) framework. From an initial pool of 626 studies, 61 were identified and rigorously analyzed. The findings reveal that these technologies significantly enhance student engagement by providing immersive and interactive learning experiences that bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. Furthermore, their use is shown to improve learning outcomes by facilitating a deeper understanding of complex concepts and increasing student motivation. In terms of employability, the integration of digital tools into BE education equips students with the requisite skills that are increasingly demanded in the modern workplace. However, the study also identifies several challenges, including high costs, limited resources, and the need for extensive faculty training, which act as barriers to the effective implementation of these technologies. Despite these challenges, this review underscores the transformative potential of digital technologies in BE education. This study is significant as it synthesizes recent evidence to highlight the critical role of digital technologies in reshaping BE education. It offers practical recommendations for educators and policymakers to enhance teaching and learning practices. Providing pathways for integrating these technologies into BE curricula, this study aims to inform future research and pedagogical strategies, ultimately contributing to the development of a highly skilled and adaptable workforce.
Encapsulating Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots in Metal–Organic Frameworks for Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhang Jingwen , Zhou Wentian , Chen Junying , Li Yingwei
Published: September 2024

Halide perovskite has shown great potential in photocatalysis owing to its diversity, suitable energy band alignment, rapid charge transfer, and excellent optical properties. However, poor stability, especially under humid conditions, hinders their practical application in photocatalysis. In this work, we report the encapsulation of inorganic–organic hybrid perovskite QDs into MIL-101(Cr) through an in situ growth strategy to prepare a series of MAPbBr3@MIL-101(Cr) (MA = CH3NH3+) composites. The perovskite precursors, i.e., MABr and PbBr2, were successively introduced into the pores of MOF, where the perovskite quantum dots were self-assembled in the confined environment. In photocatalytic CO2 reduction, 11%MAPbBr3@MIL-101(Cr) composite displayed the best performance among the composites with a total CO and CH4 yield of 875 μmol g−1 in 9 h, which was 8 times higher than that of the pure MAPbBr3. Such high gas production efficiency could be maintained for 78 h at least without structural and morphologic decomposition. The remarkable stability and catalytic activity of composites are mainly due to the synergistic effect and improved electron transfer between MAPbBr3 and MIL-101(Cr). Moreover, these composites revealed a novel mechanism, showing switched CH4 selectivity with the controlling of the perovskite location and contents. Those with perovskites encapsulated in the mesopores of MIL-101(Cr) were more preferential for CO production, while those with perovskites encapsulated in both meso- and micropores could produce CH4 dominantly.
Dental Color-Matching Ability: Comparison between Visual Determination and Technology
Authors: Menini Maria , Rivolta Lorenzo , Manauta Jordi , Nuvina Massimo , Kovacs-Vajna Zsolt M. , Pesce Paolo
Published: September 2024

Background: The choice of the correct color is of paramount importance in esthetic dentistry; however, there is still no consensus on the best technique to determine it. The aim of the present study is to compare the accuracy of a recently introduced colorimeter in shade matching with human vision. In addition, possible variables affecting color-matching by human eye have been analysed. Methods: 18 disc-shaped composite samples with identical size and shape were produced from a composite flow system (Enamel plus HriHF, Micerium): Nine were considered control samples (UD 0-UD 6), and nine were test samples with identical flow composite shade to the control ones. Parallelly, 70 individuals (dental students and dental field professionals) were individually instructed to sit in a dark room illuminated with D55 light and to perform visual shade matching between control and test discs. An error matrix containing ΔE94 between control and test discs was generated, containing four match-clusters depending on perceptibility and acceptability thresholds. The frequency and severity of errors were examined. Results: The colorimeter achieved a 100% perfect matching, while individuals only achieved a 78%. A higher occurrence of mismatches was noted for intermediate composite shades without a statistically significant difference. No statistically significant differences were reported for age, sex, and experience. A statistically significant difference was present among the Optishade match and the visual determination. Conclusions: The instrumental shade-matching evaluation proved to be significantly more reliable than the human visual system. Further research is needed to determine whether the same outcomes are achieved in a clinical setting directly on patients.
Just-in-Time Morning Ramp-Up Implementation in Warehouses Enabled by Machine Learning-Based Predictive Modelling: Estimation of Achievable Energy Saving through Simulation
Authors: Kaboli Ali , Dadras Javan Farzad , Campodonico Avendano Italo Aldo , Najafi Behzad , Colombo Luigi Pietro Maria , Perotti Sara , Rinaldi Fabio
Published: September 2024

This study proposes a simulation-based methodology for estimating the energy saving achievable through the implementation of a just-in-time morning ramp-up procedure in a warehouse (equipped with a heat pump). In this methodology, the operation of the heating supply unit each day is initiated at a different time, aiming at achieving the desired setpoint upon (and not before) the expected arrival of the occupants. It requires the estimation of the ramp-up duration (the time it takes the heating system to bring the indoor temperature to the desired setpoint), which can be provided by machine learning-based models. To justify the corresponding required deployment investment, an accurate estimation of the resulting achievable energy saving is needed. Accordingly, physics-based energy behavior simulations are first performed. Next, various ML algorithms are employed to estimate the ramp-up duration using the simulated time-series data of indoor temperature, setpoints, and weather conditions. It is shown that the proposed pipelines can estimate the ramp-up duration with a mean absolute error of about 3 min in all indoor spaces. To assess the resulting potential energy saving, a re-simulation is conducted using ML-based ramp-up estimations for each day, resulting in an energy savings of approximately 10%.
Toxicity Assessment of Gas, Solid and Liquid Emissions from Li-Ion Cells of Different Chemistry Subjected to Thermal Abuse
Authors: Ubaldi Sofia , Russo Paola
Published: September 2024

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are employed in a range of devices due to their high energy and power density. However, the increased power density of LIBs raises concerns regarding their safety when subjected to external abuse. The thermal behavior is influenced by a number of factors, i.e., the state of charge (SoC), the cell chemistry and the abuse conditions. In this study, three distinct cylindrical Li-ion cells, i.e., lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA), lithium titanate oxide (LTO), and lithium iron phosphate (LFP), were subjected to thermal abuse (heating rate of 5 °C/min) in an air flow reactor, with 100% SoC. Venting and thermal runaway (TR) were recorded in terms of temperature and pressure, while the emitted products (gas, solid, and liquid) were subjected to analysis by FT-IR and ICP-OES. The concentrations of the toxic gases (HF, CO) are significantly in excess of the Immediate Danger to Life or Health Limit (IDLH). Furthermore, it is observed that the solid particles are the result of electrode degradation (metallic nature), whereas the liquid aerosol is derived from the electrolyte solvent. It is therefore evident that in the event of a LIB fire, in order to enhance the safety of the emergency responders, it is necessary to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) in order to minimize exposure to toxic substances, i.e., particles and aerosol.
Comparative Analysis of Primary and Secondary Emission Mitigation Measures for Small-Scale Wood Chip Combustion
Authors: Gollmer Christian , Siegmund Theresa , Weigel Vanessa , Kaltschmitt Martin
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study is to systematically investigate not only the influence of different additive types—beyond the much-considered case of aluminum-silicate-based additives—but also to carry out an additional comparison between primary and secondary emission mitigation measures during small-scale wood-chip combustion. Hence, combustion trials are realized within a 33-kW combustion plant. Pine wood chips additivated with 1.0 wt%a.r. of four additives have shown promising emission reduction effects in the past; namely kaolin (i.e., aluminum-silicate-based), anorthite (i.e., aluminum-silicate- and calcium-based), aluminum hydroxide (i.e., aluminum-based), and titanium dioxide (i.e., titanium-based). In addition to the primary mitigation measure (i.e., (fuel) additivation), an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) as a common secondary mitigation measure for total particulate matter (TPM) reduction is used for comparison. In addition to standard analyses (e.g., gravimetric determination of TPM emissions), an extended methodology (e.g., characterization of the elemental composition and ultrafine particle fraction of TPM emissions) is applied. The results show that the additivation of wood chips with kaolin and anorthite can lead to an operation of the combustion plant in compliance with the German legal TPM limit values by undercutting the absolute emission level achievable by the ESP. Additionally, kaolin and anorthite achieve significant reductions in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, while kaolin simultaneously, and similarly to ESP, also leads to a shift in the particle size number distribution of PM emissions towards coarser particles. All additives show a significant reduction of potassium (K) emissions by the formation of high-temperature stable K compounds in the resulting ashes.
Analysis of Transient Stability through a Novel Algorithm with Optimization under Contingency Conditions
Authors: Cheepati Kumar Reddy , Daram Suresh Babu , Rami Reddy Ch. , Mariprasanth T. , Alamri Basem , Alqarni Mohammed
Published: September 2024

Predicting the need for modeling and solutions is one of the largest difficulties in the electricity system. The static-constrained solution, which is not always powerful, is provided by the Gradient Method Power Flow (GMPF). Another benefit of using both dynamic and transient restrictions is that GMPF will increase transient stability against faults. The system is observed under contingency situations using the Dynamic Stability for Constrained Gradient Method Power Flow (DSCGMPF). The population optimization technique is the foundation of a recent algorithm called Training Learning Based Optimization (TLBO). The TLBO-based approach for obtaining DSCGMPF is implemented in this work. The total system losses and the cost of the individual generators have been optimized. Analysis of the stability limits under contingency conditions has been conducted as well. To illustrate the suggested approaches, a Standard 3 machine 5-bus system is simulated using the MATLAB 2022B platform.
Review on the Evaluation and Improvement Measures of the Carrying Capacity of Distributed Power Supply and Electric Vehicles Connected to the Grid
Authors: Yan Guifu , Wang Qing , Zhang Huaying , Wang Liye , Wang Lifang , Liao Chenglin
Published: September 2024

With the increasing number of distributed power sources such as photovoltaic power and wind power and electric vehicles connected to the grid, the structure and operation state of the traditional distribution network have undergone great changes. Therefore, through the establishment of a distributed power grid-connected evaluation system, it has become an important research topic to evaluate the access of distributed power and the carrying capacity of electric vehicles in the distribution network of new power systems. Firstly, the situation of distributed power supply and electric vehicles and the impact of grid connection are introduced. Secondly, the traditional distribution network carrying capacity evaluation method is studied and introduced. Then, the distribution network carrying capacity evaluation considering uncertainty is reviewed and investigated. Finally, in view of the lack of existing research, further research is needed, aiming to provide a reference for the realization of distributed power supply and grid-connected EV carrying capacity evaluation and a scientific basis for the future operation planning of distributed power supply and EV integration into the distribution network.
Innovative Fixed-Bed Reactor Integrated with Heat Transfer System for Lean Methane Mixture Removal
Authors: Iwaniszyn Marzena , Korpyś Mateusz , Rotkegel Adam , Ziobrowski Zenon , Kołodziej Andrzej , Sindera Katarzyna , Suwak Mikołaj , Gancarczyk Anna
Published: September 2024

A new type of compact, portable fixed-bed reactor integrated with a heat transfer system was developed for the removal of volatile and flammable air pollutants such as lean methane and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The reactor may operate in catalytic or thermal combustion conditions with the purpose of achieving autothermal processes with the possibility of energy recovery. An excess heat recovery point was designed behind the reactor bed at the place where the gas temperature is the highest to enable its usage. The mathematical model is presented together with a number of simulation calculations performed for the assessment of the developed reactor. The case study in this paper was for catalytic methane oxidation at a temperature of 400 °C, a methane concentration between 0.1% and 2% by weight, a gas flow rate of 1 m3/s STP, and a heat exchange surface for the assumed plate exchanger from 10 to 200 m2. The calculations show that the thickness of the insulation is of little importance for the operation of the equipment, and a sufficient thickness was about 20–50 mm. The optimal area for the considered case is 80–100 m2. It was found that recovery of thermal energy is possible only for higher methane concentrations, above 0.3% by weight. Using an appropriate surface for the exchanger, it is possible to recover even 50% of the combustion enthalpy at a methane concentration of 0.45% by weight. For an exchanger area below 50 m2, the recoverable energy drops rapidly. It was found that the exchanger area is the most important equipment parameter under consideration.
Investigating Published Research towards a Fossil-Energy-Free Agriculture Transformation
Authors: Balafoutis Athanasios T. , Borzecka Magdalena , Rozakis Stelios , Troullaki Katerina , Vandorou Foteini , Wydra Malgorzata
Published: September 2024

The defossilisation of the agricultural sector is driven by intense worldwide academic research on non-fossil, renewable and energy-efficient agriculture, and the acknowledgment of the need for sustainable farming practices. For this purpose, not only technical transformations but also socio-technical system changes towards sustainability need to take place in a co-evolutionary manner. This paper investigates structural and qualitative characteristics of the knowledge produced by research on fossil-energy-free agriculture. We provide evidence on the worldwide research directions, as well as investigate whether academic research and publicly funded research projects foster knowledge creation for the desired transformation. Bibliographic maps are constructed using a query-based methodology as social networks to investigate the efficiency of the EU-funded research to achieve the goals set for the 2050 EU Green Deal. The H2020-funded papers are further analysed with dictionary-based text analysis to quantify the relative emphasis of different types of knowledge in the text. This approach is eventually used to relate transformational capacity to project profiles in the European Union, to evaluate past funding schemes and to improve the shape of future research programs on renewable and sustainable agriculture.
Multi-Dimensional Modelling of Bioinspired Flow Channels Based on Plant Leaves for PEM Electrolyser
Authors: Alobeid Mohammad , Çelik Selahattin , Ozcan Hasan , Amini Horri Bahman
Published: September 2024

The Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyser (PEMWE) has gained significant interest among various electrolysis methods due to its ability to produce highly purified, compressed hydrogen. The spatial configuration of bipolar plates and their flow channel patterns play a critical role in the efficiency and longevity of the PEM water electrolyser. Optimally designed flow channels ensure uniform pressure and velocity distribution across the stack, enabling high-pressure operation and facilitating high current densities. This study uses flow channel geometry inspired by authentic vine leaf patterns found in biomass, based on various plant leaves, including Soybean, Victoria Amazonica, Water Lily, Nelumbo Nucifera, Kiwi, and Acalypha Hispida leaves, as a novel channel pattern to design a PEM bipolar plate with a circular cross-section area of 13.85 cm2. The proposed bipolar design is further analysed with COMSOL Multiphysics to integrate the conservation of mass and momentum, molecular diffusion (Maxwell–Stefan), charge transfer equations, and other fabrication factors into a cohesive single-domain model. The simulation results showed that the novel designs have the most uniform velocity profile, lower pressure drop, superior pressure distribution, and heightened mixture homogeneity compared to the traditional serpentine models.
The Youngest European Record of the Chelonian Family Trionychidae (Calabrian, Central Italy) Offers New Clues on the Quaternary Extirpation History of the Softshell Turtles
Authors: Collareta Alberto , Casati Simone , Terranova Edoardo , Nobile Francesco , Bosio Giulia , Di Cencio Andrea , Coletti Giovanni
Published: September 2024

We report on the geologically youngest occurrence of the softshell turtle family Trionychidae in Europe, from middle Calabrian (Emilian) strata cropping out at Montalto, Pisa Province (Tuscany, central Italy). This record indicates that the softshell turtles survived well past the glacial pulse at ca. 1.8 Ma. That the most recent finds of Trionychidae all over Europe come from mainland Italy further evokes the role of the Apennine peninsula as a refugium for humid-dwelling herpetofaunas through most of the Plio-Pleistocene. Reduced humidity associated with the intensified cool stages at the beginning of the Early–Middle Pleistocene Transition may have been behind the demise of the last European softshell turtles.
Promoting Geropsychology: A Memorandum for Research, Policies, Education Programs, and Practices for Healthy Aging
Authors: Bosco Andrea , Consiglio Anna , Di Masi Manuela Nicoletta , Lopez Antonella
Published: September 2024

Background: This viewpoint paper reports the state of the art at a global level on research, practice and assessment, policies, and training in the clinical psychology of aging and, more specifically, in geropsychology. The main sources of information were as follows: (1) the most recent reviews of the literature available in the scientific literature; (2) the resources on the internet referable to professional and academic associations dealing with the topic; and (3) the laws, policy initiatives, and funded programs that are aimed at the diffusion and applications of mental health in aging. Methods: The present study aims to provide an updated and comprehensive memorandum highlighting the importance of prioritizing mental health in older adults. It seeks to promote health in general and disease prevention strategies, ensuring equitable access to mental health services integrated into primary care and designed for aging. This paper also aims to shed light on the slow development process and lack of consolidation in the adaptation of academic training at master’s and doctoral levels in most developed countries, despite the long-declared importance of enhancing resources for the promotion of geropsychology. Results: The results of the present study are patchy. Although the importance of enhancing resources for the promotion of geropsychology has long been declared, the development process seems very slow, and the adaptation of academic training at master’s and doctoral levels in most developed countries—those that, for demographic reasons and attitudes, should be more sensitive to the issue, does not yet seem to have consolidated. Conclusions: Collaboration among diverse professionals is crucial for providing integrated and comprehensive care to older adults that addresses their physical, psychological, and social needs.
GIS-Based Analytical Hierarchy Process for Identifying Groundwater Potential Zones in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Naeem Maira , Farid Hafiz Umar , Madni Muhammad Arbaz , Albano Raffaele , Inam Muhammad Azhar , Shoaib Muhammad , Shoaib Muhammad , Rashid Tehmena , Dilshad Aqsa , Ahmad Akhlaq
Published: September 2024

The quality and level of groundwater tables have rapidly declined because of intensive pumping in Punjab (Pakistan). For sustainable groundwater supplies, there is a need for better management practices. So, the identification of potential groundwater recharge zones is crucial for developing effective management systems. The current research is based on integrating seven contributing factors, including geology, soil map, land cover/land use, lineament density, drainage density, slope, and rainfall to categorize the area into various groundwater recharge potential zones using remote sensing, geographic information system (GIS), and analytical hierarchical process (AHP) for Punjab, Pakistan. The weights (for various thematic layers) and rating values (for sub-classes) in the overlay analysis were assigned for thematic layers and then modified and normalized using the AHP. The result indicates that about 17.88% of the area falls under the category of very high groundwater potential zones (GWPZs). It was found that only 12.27% of the area falls under the category of very low GWPZs. The results showed that spatial technologies like remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS), when combined with AHP technique, provide a robust platform for studying GWPZs. This will help the public and government sectors to understand the potential zone for sustainable groundwater management.
Cloning and Functional Study of AmGDSL1 in Agropyron mongolicum
Authors: Yan Xiuxiu , Wu Xiaojuan , Sun Fengcheng , Nie Hushuai , Du Xiaohong , Li Xiaolei , Fang Yongyu , Zhai Yongqing , Zhao Yan , Fan Bobo , Ma Yanhong
Published: September 2024

Agropyron mongolicum Keng is a diploid perennial grass of triticeae in gramineae. It has strong drought resistance and developed roots that can effectively fix the soil and prevent soil erosion. GDSL lipase or esterases/lipase has a variety of functions, mainly focusing on plant abiotic stress response. In this study, a GDSL gene from A. mongolicum, designated as AmGDSL1, was successfully cloned and isolated. The subcellular localization of the AmGDSL1 gene (pCAMBIA1302-AmGDSL1-EGFP) results showed that the AmGDSL1 protein of A. mongolicum was only localized in the cytoplasm. When transferred into tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana), the heterologous expression of AmGDSL1 led to enhanced drought tolerance. Under drought stress, AmGDSL1 overexpressing plants showed fewer wilting leaves, longer roots, and larger root surface area. These overexpression lines possessed higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and proline (PRO) activities. At the same time, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was lower than that in wild-type (WT) tobacco. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms involved in the GDSL gene’s role in drought resistance, contributing to the discovery and utilization of drought-resistant genes in A. mongolicum for enhancing crop drought resistance.
Navigating the Complement Pathway to Optimize PNH Treatment with Pegcetacoplan and Other Currently Approved Complement Inhibitors
Authors: Hillmen Peter , Horneff Regina , Yeh Michael , Kolev Martin , Deschatelets Pascal
Published: September 2024

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare and potentially life-threatening hematologic disorder caused by a somatic mutation in a relevant portion of hematopoietic stem cells. Mutation of the phosphatidylinositol glycan biosynthesis class A (PIGA) gene prevents the expression of cell-surface proteins, including the complement regulatory proteins CD55 and CD59. With decreased or a lack of CD55 and CD59 expression on their membranes, PNH red blood cells become susceptible to complement-mediated hemolysis (symptoms of which include anemia, dysphagia, abdominal pain, and fatigue), leading to thrombosis. State-of-the-art PNH treatments act by inhibiting the dysregulated complement at distinct points in the activation pathway: late at the C5 level (C5 inhibitors, eculizumab, ravulizumab, and crovalimab), centrally at the C3 level (C3/C3b inhibitors and pegcetacoplan), and early at the initiation and amplification of the alternative pathway (factor B inhibitor, iptacopan; factor D inhibitor, danicopan). Through their differing mechanisms of action, these treatments elicit varying profiles of disease control and offer valuable insights into the molecular underpinnings of PNH. This narrative review provides an overview of the mechanisms of action of the six complement inhibitors currently approved for PNH, with a focus on the C3/C3b-targeted therapy, pegcetacoplan.
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Role of Cell Death, Exosomes, Fibrosis and Epicardial Adipose Tissue
Authors: Galeone Antonella , Annicchiarico Alessia , Buccoliero Cinzia , Barile Barbara , Luciani Giovanni Battista , Onorati Francesco , Nicchia Grazia Paola , Brunetti Giacomina
Published: September 2024

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) represents one of the typical complications associated with diabetes. It has been described as anomalies in heart function and structure, with consequent high morbidity and mortality. DCM development can be described by two stages; the first is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, and the second by heart failure (HF) with systolic dysfunction. The proposed mechanisms involve cardiac inflammation, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and angiotensin II. Furthermore, different studies have focused their attention on cardiomyocyte death through the different mechanisms of programmed cell death, such as apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis. Exosome release, adipose epicardial tissue and aquaporins affect DCM development. This review will focus on the description of the mechanisms involved in DCM progression and development.
Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing: Opening New Horizons for Breast Cancer Research
Authors: Xiang Lingyan , Rao Jie , Yuan Jingping , Xie Ting , Yan Honglin
Published: September 2024

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor among women with high heterogeneity. Traditional techniques frequently struggle to comprehensively capture the intricacy and variety of cellular states and interactions within breast cancer. As global precision medicine rapidly advances, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has become a highly effective technique, revolutionizing breast cancer research by offering unprecedented insights into the cellular heterogeneity and complexity of breast cancer. This cutting-edge technology facilitates the analysis of gene expression profiles at the single-cell level, uncovering diverse cell types and states within the tumor microenvironment. By dissecting the cellular composition and transcriptional signatures of breast cancer cells, scRNA-seq provides new perspectives for understanding the mechanisms behind tumor therapy, drug resistance and metastasis in breast cancer. In this review, we summarized the working principle and workflow of scRNA-seq and emphasized the major applications and discoveries of scRNA-seq in breast cancer research, highlighting its impact on our comprehension of breast cancer biology and its potential for guiding personalized treatment strategies.
New Psychoactive Substances Toxicity: A Systematic Review of Acute and Chronic Psychiatric Effects
Authors: Taflaj Beldisa , La Maida Nunzia , Tittarelli Roberta , Di Trana Annagiulia , D’Acquarica Ilaria
Published: September 2024

New psychoactive substances (NPSs) are a heterogenous group of psychotropic molecules and diverted pharmaceutical drugs sold worldwide as legal substitutes for controlled drugs. The psychiatric consequences of NPS use are relatively unknown, although evidence of related psychotic symptoms has been described in the literature. We sought to summarize the available evidence on NPS-related psychiatric disorders, to facilitate the interpretation of the molecular mechanism underlying their specific pathologies. A literature search of Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted including studies published between 2013 and 2024, in which a correlation between NPS consumption and psychiatric symptoms was reported. Furthermore, the short- and long-term psychopathological effects were included. The literature search resulted in 109 NPS-related intoxication cases in which acute or chronic psychiatric symptoms were reported, mostly related to synthetic cannabinoids, followed by synthetic cathinones, hallucinogens, natural NPSs and stimulants. The most common acute symptoms were hallucinations, aggressiveness, and psychotic and bizarre behavior, related to the molecular disbalance of neurotransmitters in the central nervous systems, with different mechanisms. The lack of clear diagnostic criteria and toxicological analyses has resulted in crucial complications in psychiatric diagnoses related to NPS intoxication. Hence, the implementation of toxicological screening procedures in emergency rooms, including the main NPS classes, should support the diagnosis of acute intoxication and its proper therapeutic treatment. Finally, proper follow-up should be implemented to assess the chronic sequelae.
An Inducible Luminescent System to Explore Parkinson’s Disease-Associated Genes
Authors: Gandy Anelya , Maussion Gilles , Al-Habyan Sara , Nicouleau Michael , You Zhipeng , Chen Carol X.-Q. , Abdian Narges , Aprahamian Nathalia , Krahn Andrea I. , Larocque Louise , Durcan Thomas M. , Deneault Eric
Published: September 2024

With emerging genetic association studies, new genes and pathways are revealed as causative factors in the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, many of these PD genes are poorly characterized in terms of their function, subcellular localization, and interaction with other components in cellular pathways. This represents a major obstacle towards a better understanding of the molecular causes of PD, with deeper molecular studies often hindered by a lack of high-quality, validated antibodies for detecting the corresponding proteins of interest. In this study, we leveraged the nanoluciferase-derived LgBiT-HiBiT system by generating a cohort of tagged PD genes in both induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and iPSC-derived neuronal cells. To promote luminescence signals within cells, a master iPSC line was generated, in which LgBiT expression is under the control of a doxycycline-inducible promoter. LgBiT could bind to HiBiT when present either alone or when tagged onto different PD-associated proteins encoded by the genes GBA1, GPNMB, LRRK2, PINK1, PRKN, SNCA, VPS13C, and VPS35. Several HiBiT-tagged proteins could already generate luminescence in iPSCs in response to the doxycycline induction of LgBiT, with the enzyme glucosylceramidase beta 1 (GCase), encoded by GBA1, being one such example. Moreover, the GCase chaperone ambroxol elicited an increase in the luminescence signal in HiBiT-tagged GBA1 cells, correlating with an increase in the levels of GCase in dopaminergic cells. Taken together, we have developed and validated a Doxycycline-inducible luminescence system to serve as a sensitive assay for the quantification, localization, and activity of HiBiT-tagged PD-associated proteins with reliable sensitivity and efficiency.
Pathological Mechanisms Involved in Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Perspectives
Authors: Bchetnia Mbarka , Powell Julie , McCuaig Catherine , Boucher-Lafleur Anne-Marie , Morin Charles , Dupéré Audrey , Laprise Catherine
Published: September 2024

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of mechanobullous diseases characterized by non-scarring blisters and erosions on the skin and mucous membranes upon mechanical trauma. The simplex form (EBS) is characterized by recurrent blister formation within the basal layer of the epidermis. It most often results from dominant mutations in the genes coding for keratin (K) 5 or 14 proteins (KRT5 and KRT14). A disruptive mutation in KRT5 or KRT14 will not only structurally impair the cytoskeleton, but it will also activate a cascade of biochemical mechanisms contributing to EBS. Skin lesions are painful and disfiguring and have a significant impact on life quality. Several gene expression studies were accomplished on mouse model and human keratinocytes to define the gene expression signature of EBS. Several key genes associated with EBS were identified as specific immunological mediators, keratins, and cell junction components. These data deepened the understanding of the EBS pathophysiology and revealed important functional biological processes, particularly inflammation. This review emphasizes the three EBS subtypes caused by dominant mutations on either KRT5 or KRT14 (localized, intermediate, and severe). It aims to summarize current knowledge about the EBS expression profiling pattern and predicted molecular mechanisms involved and to outline progress in therapy.