bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abuse of Power on Managing the Health Care Services Policy for the Indonesian National Army Forces and its Implication on Marginalized Soldier’s Health
Authors: Purwalaksana Ida Bagus , Sumartono Sumartono , Haryono Bambang Santoso , Wike Wike , Riyadi Bambang Slamet
Published: December 2021

This research aims to understand the abuse of power on managing the health service policy and its implication that is very significant in reducing marginalized soldiers’ health due at the ontological level and sociological level. The problem is very interesting to be analyzed by conducting a qualitative research method based on public policy theory, abuse of power theory, and health services theory. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation related to managing the health service policy cases in Indonesia. Data were analyzed by using interactive models are data reduction, data display, data verification, and supported by triangulation. The results were based on ontological level and sociological level using public policy perspective and power perspective for improving health service policy and practice for The Indonesian Army Forces. Vision and mission of public policy on managing health service policy are needed for providing information to stakeholders related, regarding the regulations and sanctions in health service policy. This result provides inputs for making better regulation on health service policy in Indonesia for state agencies as public officials and practitioners.
Information on Covid-19 and Effortful Control Level: Increasing or Decreasing Anxiety?
Authors: Hurriyati Evi Afifah , Afriza Sabilla , Fitriana Efi , Cahyadi Surya , Srisayekti Wilis
Published: December 2021

Anxiety has increased with more information about the COVID-19 outbreak. The COVID-19 information can make people more aware and care about this pandemic. However, it also can make people feel panic and anxious. Emotional induction in the information is referring to how the emotion carried by the information can affect early adult’s anxiety, but the differences in effortful control level that each person has also define the level of anxiety someone experiences. The anxiety level related to effortful control is one dimension of temperament. This study is conducted in concern of the effect of emotional induction in COVID-19 information towards anxiety in high and low effortful control groups. This study used a quantitative method with quasi-experimental research. This study involves 218 early adults in an age range of 20-40 years old. This study used pictures from content information about COVID-19, Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Effortful Control Questionnaire (ECQ) as the measuring tools. The results of the significance test show p <0.005. This means that there is an effect of emotional induction on anxiety at both high and low effortful control levels. This study shows that emotional induction in the form of COVID-19 information reduces anxiety in the respondent group with a high level of effortful control, but increases anxiety in the respondent group with a low level of effortful control. The effect of COVID-19 information on anxiety based on effortful control in the late adult (over 65 years old) group, in this study cannot be explained.
Implementation of Supply Chain and Logistics for Natural Disaster Management in Indonesia: A Smart Governance Perspective
Authors: Rustian Rustian , Sumartono Sumartono , Hermawan Hermawan , Wardhono Hendro
Published: December 2021

This research is at the ontological level and sociological level of the implementation of supply chain and logistics equipment for disaster management that are very significant in reducing risk of natural disaster in Indonesia. The problem is very interesting to be analyzed by conducting a descriptive qualitative research. The research used the theory of public policy, smart governance, and supply chain management and logistics. The data were collected using in-depth interview to several key informants, direct observation, and related documentation. The data were analyzed using interactive models, which were data reduction, data display, and data verification, supported by triangulation to obtain validity and reliability. The results were based on ontology, epistemology, and sociology using smart governance perspective by empowering supply chain and logistic to improve disaster management in Indonesia. Vision and mission of public policies related to natural disaster are needed to complete the facilities of prevention, equipment management and logistics supervision, providing information to stakeholders regarding regulations and sanctions in natural disaster that were carried out deliberately and balanced provision of disaster management. Therefore, it will produce a revised and detailed relevant regulation for state agencies as public officials in making regulations on natural disaster and disaster management in Indonesia. The researchers suggest that state institutions must conduct and cover smart governance in making regulations on disaster management.
Perspectives of Electricity Storage in Polymer Capacitors
Authors: Dudic Duško
Published: December 2021

The price and environmental aspects of electricity storage significantly affect the application of green technologies. The electrochemical batteries are currently the best choice for storing electricity for most industrial needs and products. Polymer capacitors show very low energy density compared to conventional batteries and therefore cannot be widely used for electricity disposal. At the same time, all other features of polymer capacitors that characterize battery systems are ideal. After a brief comparison of the basic properties of electrochemical and physical batteries, this paper presents the influence of electron trapping on the energy density of a polyethylene capacitor. The presented results indicate that the phenomenon of electron trapping in polymers can increase the energy deposit of polymer capacitors.
Spatial Diversity of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Flashes in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship (Poland), 2002-2019
Authors: Sulik Sławomir , Kejna Marek
Published: December 2021

This research focuses on the spatial diversity of cloud-to-ground (CG) flashes in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodeship (Poland) based on data from the PERUN lightning detection system, 2002-2019. The storm season usually lasts from May to September, with July having the highest number of thunderstorms days and flashes. Thunderstorms most often occur in the afternoon. A generated grid of 5×5-km cells was used to characterise the variables related to CG flashes. In the analysed period 432,925 CG flashes were detected in the voivodeship (24,051 flashes year-1). The highest electrical activity was found in the south-eastern part of the province. In grids with a large water surface, the number of CG flashes was small and increased with distance from the Vistula River. The distribution of atmospheric discharges in major cities of the region (Bydgoszcz, Toruń, Włocławek and Grudziądz) was random. Years with greater electrical storm activity (27,614 discharges in 2017) are interspersed with calmer years (5000-7000 discharges). There were found an upward trend in lightning discharges (of 1681 discharges year-1) during period 2002-2019. To develop maps specifying the number of thunderstorm days, a 1×1-km grid cell was used with a 15-km radius buffer from the bin centre. The annual number of thunderstorm days in the voivodeship fluctuates from 27 to 41 days and increases from north-west to south-east. Consecutive days with a thunderstorm, the most common runs are of three days in a row with a storm. The number of thunderstorm days shows an increasing trend (0.82 days year-1). This trend is related to the increase in air temperature in the storm season (Apr-Sept) reaching (0.04°C/year).
[The 5th National Meeting on Hydrogeology Flowpath 2021, finally face-to-face!]
Authors: Ducci Daniela
Published: December 2021

Not available
 
[In Italian]
Effects of pulse voltage rising edge on discharge evolution of He atmospheric pressure plasma jet in dielectric tube
Authors: Zhu Yan-Rong , Chang Zheng-Shi ,   School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an 710049, China
Published: December 2021

In this work, we employ pulse voltage to drive an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) in Helium, and consider mainly the evolution of discharge inside tube. Specifically, the effects of rising edge on the discharge evolution are studied through the simulation and experiment. The spatiotemporal evolution of electron density, ionization source, electron temperature and excited helium atom are evaluated. Besides, the mechanism affecting the rise time is analyzed by the parameters such as discharge current, sheath thickness and surface charge density distribution. In the considered cases, the ionization wave propagates to the ground electrode and downstream of the active electrode in the dielectric tube. The plasma with faster rising edge has larger electron temperature, discharge current, electron density and electric field strength. With the change of voltage rising edge, there occur two discharge modes: hollow mode and solid mode in dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) area. When the rising edge is of nanosecond and sub microsecond, it develops into hollow mode, and changes into solid mode after the rising edge has continued to increase. Both discharge modes are essentially affected by the sheath thickness, the electric field distribution, and the surface charge density inside the tube. When the sheath thickness is less than 1.8 mm, the plasma usually propagates in hollow mode, and when the sheath thickness is equal to 1.8 mm, the radial propagation range of the plasma is limited and changes into solid propagation. In the DBD region, when the electric field is mainly axial component, the plasma propagates in the mode at the beginning of discharge; inside the ground electrode, owing to the fact that the applied electric field is deviated from the radial direction, and that the positive charge deposited on the tube wall forms a radial self-built electric field, the strong radial electric field formed by the superposition of the two fields causes the discharge to propagate in hollow mode.
Influence of acceleration grid voltage and anode flow rate on performance of ion thruster
Authors: Li Jian-Peng , Jin Wu-Yin , Zhao Yi-De ,   School of Mechanical and Electronical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China,   Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China
Published: December 2021

In order to achieve the optimal performance and reliability of the ion thruster in a wide power range, the influence of acceleration grid voltage and anode flow rate on the performance of ion thruster are studied experimentally and theoretically. The results show that in a certain range the ion beam current decreases continuously with the decrease of the absolute value of the accelerating voltage, and then increases suddenly. The electron backstreaming limited voltages in large and small thrust modes are –140 and –115 V, respectively. When the anode flow rate increases, the discharge voltage and discharge loss increase monotonically, and the deceleration current decreases monotonously. Under the power of 300−4850 W, the thrust is 11−188 mN, the specific impulse is 1800−3567 s, and the efficiency ranges from 34% to 67% by adjusting the anode current, grid voltage and working fluid gas flow. The maximum efficiency of thruster reaches 67% at 3000 W. This turning point is critical for thruster design and on-orbit applications. Choosing a reasonable range of working parameters can improve the performance and life of the thruster in application.
Perceptual Learning Style Preferences of English Major Libyan University Students and their Correlations with Academic Achievement
Authors: Hamed Muftah , Almabruk Abubaker
Published: December 2021

Exploring perceptual learning style preferences and their relationships with academic achievement is important to success in teaching and learning language. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate the perceptual learning style preferences of Libyan EFL University students majoring in English at Omar Almukhtar University and to check whether there is a significant relationship between students’ perceptual learning style preferences and their academic achievement. A total of 75 fourth year English major students were participated in this study. A self-reporting learning style questionnaire developed by Kinsella (1994) was used to collect data and final semester examination scores were used to determine the average academic achievement for each participant. The findings showed that tactile style was the most dominant learning style among the students followed by auditory style while kinesthetic style was the least favoured learning style. The findings also revealed that there was a significant relationship between students’ learning style preferences and their academic achievement; the strongest correlation (r=0.30, P<.01) was found between the auditory learning style and academic achievement. The findings are discussed in this study with implication for university instructors to identify their students’ perceptual learning style and match them with their teaching style to influence students’ achievement, and deliver their lectures by using different approaches and techniques to ensure that the learning process is effective and efficient for a great number of their students. This study contributed to the EFL field in Libya by providing clear information on students’ learning style preferences and their correlation with academic achievement.
The First Field Experience: Perceptions of ESOL Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Khoshnevisan Babak , Rashtchi Mojgan
Published: December 2021

Researchers have recognized pre-service teachers’ field experiences as a pivotal element for enhancing teaching practices. Research indicates pre-service teachers usually are optimistic about teaching. However, when pre-service teachers encounter complexities in classrooms, their optimism fades. There is little research about ESOL pre-service teachers’ perceptions of field experiences. In this inquiry, we focused on pre-service teachers’ perceptions of their first field experience with ESOL students in a southeastern United States public school. We selected a multiple case study to conduct this qualitative research. We collected the data through student interviews, field experience reports, and the participants’ journals before and after the field experience. Our discoveries through constant comparative analysis centered on ESOL pre-service teachers’ perceptions of field experience, teaching strategies and pedagogical competence, and development stages of teachers. The findings of the present study indicated that field experience serves as a catalyst to facilitate the learning process for ESOL pre-service teachers. Teacher educators can adopt field experiences to challenge preservice teachers. Field experiences can be helpful tools in the developmental stages of teachers. These experiences can help preservice teachers gain insight into the culturally sensitive strategies required for ESOL courses. The findings of this study proved Khoshnevisan’s (2017) developmental stages of teachers.
Electronic Complaints: An Empirical Study of Negative Reviews from Amazon.com Users
Authors: Kiliç Ali , Karatepe Çiğdem
Published: December 2021

Unprecedented advances have been seen in E-commerce with the spread of digital commerce and customer relations on commercial websites, such as Amazon. As a result, investigation of this type of communication has opened up new horizons for discourse analysts. This study aims to identify the complaint strategies used by customers and the reasons behind them. With this in mind, the researchers formed a corpus of the most helpful negative reviews posted on Amazon. Similar to previous studies on complaints in spoken communication, the present analysis investigated the different complaint strategies speakers used to formulate their complaints. Additionally, politeness strategies and face concerns were examined in these complaints. The results indicated that customers used eight different complaint strategies, the most frequent being showing their disappointment, anger and annoyance while making their complaints. The reasons for their complaints were delivery problems and unhelpful customer services behaviours.
Arabic Lexical Phrases
Authors: S. Al-Dobaian Abdullah
Published: December 2021

The Arabic traditional grammar as well as Chomsky’s mainstream theory may not be able to provide a good analysis of some fixed Arabic phrases. The challenge of such data directly stems from the fact that the general syntactic rules assumed by the two opposing theories cannot explain the syntactic and the semantic aspects of the fixed Arabic data. I argue that the Construction Grammar provides an adequate account that does not rely on syntactic structure alone, as assumed by the mainstream theory or the Arabic traditional grammar, but rather it links phonological, syntactic, and semantic information together in one basic construction by means of some correspondence rules. The Arabic data proves that there is a strong need for a linguistic theory that takes into consideration all data of different range of productivity.
Experiences of Graduate Students in Turkish Education During the Covid-19 Pandemic Process
Authors: Bi̇çer Nurşat , Alan Yakup , Can Fatih
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study is to reveal the experiences of graduate students in the field of Turkish education during the pandemic process. Phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. The sample of the research consists of graduate and doctoral students studying at different universities. Easily accessible case sampling was used to determine the study group. The data of the study were collected with the interview guide prepared by the researchers and given the final shape after the expert opinion was taken. The study group was reached by using internet tools (Zoom) and data were collected. The content analysis of data was made. As a result of the research, it was seen that during the pandemic process graduate students experienced advantages such as increased technological opportunities, accessing to online materials easily, time saving and efficient studying opportunities. However, disadvantages such as inefficient lessons, lack of interaction, inability to focus on lessons, data collection problems, and inability to benefit from libraries were also revealed as problems experienced by graduate students. Students expect technological opportunities to continue, but to ensure normalization in some issues that cannot be resolved with these opportunities. They think that face-to-face education is more qualified, communication is better, and research can be done more effectively.
Frequency of Adjectives in Male and Female Speech in the Contemporary Television Drama Series "Homeland"
Authors: Żmigrodzki Marian
Published: December 2021

The paper addresses issues related to language and gender, and discusses research on the frequency of adjectives in language of male and female characters in a TV drama series “Homeland”. The empirical part of the study uses as its theoretical background the classic works in the field (Lakoff 1975; Butler 1990; Meyerhoff 2006), which identify gender specific language features and define factors that determine male-female language differences. The research was conducted manually, with minor help of electronic tools, on a personally created language corpus consisting of dialogue lines from the TV show. The results clearly show that the frequency of adjectives in female speech is higher than in male speech in the studied corpus
Senior Citizens as an Underresearched Age Group of Audiovisual Translation Users
Authors: Szkriba Sonia
Published: December 2021

In recent years, approaches to audiovisua translation and media accessibility services have shifted from serving one group of viewers only towards a more universal design that takes into account a wider range of users. In line with that approach, some scholars point out, for example, that subtitling for the deaf and hard of hearing (SDH) or accessibility applications created with the blind and partially-sighted in mind could prove beneficial to senior citizens. This group of viewers is likely to experience age-related sensori-motor and cognitive decline, which may significantly influence their film-watching experience as well as their preference for an AVT method. As populations in many countries are aging, senior citizens might be considered an important part of potential cinema clientele. Unfortunately, since studies in AVT have concentrated on younger audiences, little is known about senior citizens’ specific preferences concerning audiovisual translation. The objective of this article is to briefly characterise senior citizens as recipients of audiovisual translation and discuss the possibilities for future studies on the subject.
O nienaukowym umiłowaniu języka
Authors: Ozga Krzysztof
Published: December 2021

Celem artykułu jest analiza treści (postów, memów) publikowanych przez administratora społeczności wirtualnej „The Language Nerds” w serwisie społecznościowym Instagram, a także wybranych, powiązanych z nimi komentarzy zamieszczanych przez członków społeczności zarówno na Instagramie jak i Facebooku. Badanie jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, jakiego typu treści stanowią zasadnicze spoiwo grupy. W tym celu dokonana została klasyfikacja postów w oparciu o wyróżnione w procesie ich kreowania dominanty funkcjonalne. Wyodrębniono sześć zasadniczych klas: 1. memy o dominującej funkcji humorystycznej, 2. zagadki logiczno-językowe, 3. posty kreowane w oparciu o specyfikę obrazowania pojęć w danym języku (Językowy Obraz Świata), 4. posty o dominującej funkcji metajęzykowej, 5. posty o dominującej funkcji prezentatywnej (charakteryzujące prototypowego członka grupy własnej), 6. posty o charakterze wypowiedzi argumentacyjnych. Następnie każda z klas została szczegółowo opisana i zilustrowana wybranymi przykładami spośród 220 przebadanych postów. Zawartość treściowa wszystkich wyróżnionych klas wskazuje, że zasadniczym czynnikiem integrującym społeczność jest język, przy czym istotna jest wykazana w badaniu różnorodność perspektyw jego wykorzystania jako narzędzia konstruowania tożsamości członków społeczności. W świetle przeprowadzonej analizy statystycznej największą rolę w generowaniu homogeniczności grupy odgrywa humor językowy.
Trailblazer or a One-off?
Authors: Nicieja Małgorzata
Published: December 2021

The paper attempts to analyse the international success of the Danish televisual series Rita (TV2 Denmark - Netflix, 2012-2020). It places the production in a wider cultural and historical context and treats it as an exemplification of, what the author deems, a recent shift in representations of teachers in visual media narratives. The author’s argumentation is premised on three principal assumptions. First, Rita demonstrates that after the genre’s decline at the turn of the twentieth century, the school-centred audio-visual narratives are back in favour. The trend is connected to the growth of the post-network television and the so-called over-the-top services (OTT). Second, the substantial part of Rita’s wide appeal is related to the show’s innovative application of the conventions known from the earlier Scandinavian productions and themes from serials about “difficult women”. This particularly concerns the show’s adept exploration of the resilient and anti-heroic female lead character. Third, Rita is regarded as an early indication of the shift in the ways school life and teachers are represented in the media today. The author stipulates that the show may augur the emergence of many similar complex televisual images of teachers in the near future.
Podrecznik do korpusologii
Authors: Rak Maciej
Published: December 2021

Recenzja książki
Martin Hilpert, Ten Lectures on Diachronic Construction Grammar. Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2021
Authors: Podhorodecka Joanna
Published: December 2021

Book review
ABI1‐based expression signature predicts breast cancer metastasis and survival
Authors: Regua Angelina , Papp Csaba , Grageda Andre , Porter Baylee A. , Caza Tiffany , Bichindaritz Isabelle , Krendel Mira , Sivapiragasam Abirami , Bratslavsky Gennady , Kuznetsov Vladimir A. , Kotula Leszek
Published: December 2021

Despite the current standard of care, breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality in women worldwide, thus emphasizing the need for better predictive and therapeutic targets. ABI1 is associated with poor survival and an aggressive breast cancer phenotype, although its role in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and the disease outcome remains to be elucidated. Here, we define the ABI1‐based seven‐gene prognostic signature that predicts survival of metastatic breast cancer patients; ABI1 is an essential component of the signature. Genetic disruption of Abi1 in primary breast cancer tumors of PyMT mice led to significant reduction of the number and size of lung metastases in a gene dose‐dependent manner. The disruption of Abi1 resulted in deregulation of the WAVE complex at the mRNA and protein levels in mouse tumors. In conclusion, ABI1 is a prognostic metastatic biomarker in breast cancer. We demonstrate, for the first time, that lung metastasis is associated with an Abi1 gene dose and specific gene expression aberrations in primary breast cancer tumors. These results indicate that targeting ABI1 may provide a therapeutic advantage in breast cancer patients.
Realizing High and Stable Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution for Iron‐Based Perovskites by Co‐Doping‐Induced Structural and Electronic Modulation
Authors: She Sixuan , Zhu Yinlong , Wu Xinhao , Hu Zhiwei , Shelke Abhijeet , Pong Way‐Faung , Chen Yubo , Song Yufei , Liang Mingzhuang , Chen Chien‐Te , Wang Huanting , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping
Published: December 2021

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a vital electrochemical process for various energy conversion and fuel production technologies. Co/Ni‐rich perovskite oxides are extensively studied as promising alternatives to precious‐metal catalysts; however, low‐cost and earth‐abundant iron (Fe)‐rich perovskites are rarely investigated to date due to their poor activity and durability. This study reports an Fe‐rich Sr0.95Ce0.05Fe0.9Ni0.1O3−δ (SCFN) perovskite oxide with minor Ce/Ni co‐doping in A/B sites as a high‐performance OER electrocatalyst. Impressively, SCFN shows more than an order of magnitude enhancement in mass‐specific activity compared to the SrFeO3−δ (SF) parent oxide, and delivers an attractive small overpotential of 340 mV at 10 mA cm−2, outperforming many Co/Ni‐rich perovskite oxides ever reported. Additionally, SCFN displays robust operational durability with negligible activity loss under alkaline OER conditions. The increased activity and stability of SCFN can be ascribed to co‐doping‐induced synergistic promotion between structural and electronic modulation, where Ce doping facilitates the formation of a 3D corner‐sharing cubic structure and Ni doping gives rise to strong electronic interactions between active sites, which is key to achieving a highly active long‐life catalyst. Importantly, this strategy is universal and can be extended to other Fe‐based parent perovskite oxides with high structural diversity.
Infrared Photodetectors Based on 2D Materials and Nanophotonics
Authors: Zha Jiajia , Luo Mingcheng , Ye Ming , Ahmed Tanveer , Yu Xuechao , Lien Der‐Hsien , He Qiyuan , Lei Dangyuan , Ho Johnny C. , Bullock James , Crozier Kenneth B. , Tan Chaoliang
Published: December 2021

2D materials, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, and tellurium, have been demonstrated to be promising building blocks for the fabrication of next‐generation high‐performance infrared (IR) photodetectors with diverse device architectures and impressive device performance. Integrating IR photodetectors with nanophotonic structures, such as surface plasmon structures, optical waveguides, and optical cavities, has proven to be a promising strategy to maximize the light absorption of 2D absorbers, thus enhancing the detector performance. In this review, the state‐of‐the‐art progress of IR photodetectors is comprehensively summarized based on 2D materials and nanophotonic structures. First, the advantages of using 2D materials for IR photodetectors are discussed. Following that, 2D material‐based IR detectors are classified based on their composition, and their detection mechanisms, key figures‐of‐merit, and the principle of absorption enhancement are discussed using nanophotonic approaches. Then, recent advances in 2D material‐based IR photodetectors are reviewed, categorized by device architecture, i.e., photoconductors, van der Waals heterojunctions, and hybrid systems consisting of 2D materials and nanophotonic structures. The review is concluded by providing perspectives on the challenges and future directions of this field.
Template‐Enabled Biofabrication of Thick 3D Tissues with Patterned Perfusable Macrochannels
Authors: Davoodi Elham , Montazerian Hossein , Zhianmanesh Masoud , Abbasgholizadeh Reza , Haghniaz Reihaneh , Baidya Avijit , Pourmohammadali Homeyra , Annabi Nasim , Weiss Paul S. , Toyserkani Ehsan , Khademhosseini Ali
Published: December 2021

Interconnected pathways in 3D bioartificial organs are essential to retaining cell activity in thick functional 3D tissues. 3D bioprinting methods have been widely explored in biofabrication of functionally patterned tissues; however, these methods are costly and confined to thin tissue layers due to poor control of low‐viscosity bioinks. Here, cell‐laden hydrogels that could be precisely patterned via water‐soluble gelatin templates are constructed by economical extrusion 3D printed plastic templates. Tortuous co‐continuous plastic networks, designed based on triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS), serve as a sacrificial pattern to shape the secondary sacrificial gelatin templates. These templates are eventually used to form cell‐encapsulated gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel scaffolds patterned with the complex interconnected pathways. The proposed fabrication process is compatible with photo‐crosslinkable hydrogels wherein prepolymer casting enables incorporation of high cell populations with high viability. The cell‐laden hydrogel constructs are characterized by robust mechanical behavior. In vivo studies demonstrate a superior cell ingrowth into the highly permeable constructs compared to the bulk hydrogels. Perfusable complex interconnected networks within cell‐encapsulated hydrogels may assist in engineering thick and functional tissue constructs through the permeable internal channels for efficient cellular activities in vivo.
Engineered Cell‐Secreted Extracellular Matrix Modulates Cell Spheroid Mechanosensing and Amplifies Their Response to Inductive Cues for the Formation of Mineralized Tissues
Authors: Gonzalez‐Fernandez Tomas , Tenorio Alejandro J. , Saiz Jr Augustine M. , Leach J. Kent
Published: December 2021

The clinical translation of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)‐based therapies remains challenging due to rapid cell death and poor control over cell behavior. Compared to monodisperse cells, the aggregation of MSCs into spheroids increases their tissue‐forming potential by promoting cell–cell interactions. However, MSCs initially lack engagement with an endogenous extracellular matrix (ECM) when formed into spheroids. Previously the instructive nature of an engineered, cell‐secreted ECM is demonstrated to promote survival and differentiation of adherent MSCs. Herein, it is hypothesized that the incorporation of this cell‐secreted ECM during spheroid aggregation would enhance MSC osteogenic potential by promoting cell–matrix and cell–cell interactions. ECM‐loaded spheroids contained higher collagen and glycosaminoglycan content, and MSCs exhibited increased mechanosensitivity to ECM through Yes‐associated protein (YAP) activation via integrin α2β1 binding. ECM‐loaded spheroids sustained greater MSC viability and proliferation and are more responsive to soluble cues for lineage‐specific differentiation than spheroids without ECM or loaded with collagen. The encapsulation of ECM‐loaded spheroids in instructive alginate gels resulted in spheroid fusion and enhanced osteogenic differentiation. These results highlight the clinical potential of ECM‐loaded spheroids as building blocks for the repair of musculoskeletal tissues.
Engineering Metallic Heterostructure Based on Ni3N and 2M‐MoS2 for Alkaline Water Electrolysis with Industry‐Compatible Current Density and Stability
Authors: Wu Tong , Song Erhong , Zhang Shaoning , Luo Mengjia , Zhao Chendong , Zhao Wei , Liu Jianjun , Huang Fuqiang
Published: December 2021

Alkaline water electrolysis is commercially desirable to realize large‐scale hydrogen production. Although nonprecious catalysts exhibit high electrocatalytic activity at low current density (10–50 mA cm−2), it is still challenging to achieve industrially required current density over 500 mA cm−2 due to inefficient electron transport and competitive adsorption between hydroxyl and water. Herein, the authors design a novel metallic heterostructure based on nickel nitride and monoclinic molybdenum disulfide (Ni3N@2M‐MoS2) for extraordinary water electrolysis. The Ni3N@2M‐MoS2 composite with heterointerface provides two kinds of separated reaction sites to overcome the steric hindrance of competitive hydroxyl/water adsorption. The kinetically decoupled hydroxyl/water adsorption/dissociation and metallic conductivity of Ni3N@2M‐MoS2 enable hydrogen production from Ni3N and oxygen evolution from the heterointerface at large current density. The metallic heterostructure is proved to be imperative for the stabilization and activation of Ni3N@2M‐MoS2, which can efficiently regulate the active electronic states of Ni/N atoms around the Fermi‐level through the charge transfer between the active atoms of Ni3N and MoMo bonds of 2M‐MoS2 to boost overall water splitting. The Ni3N@2M‐MoS2 incorporated water electrolyzer requires ultralow cell voltage of 1.644 V@1000 mA cm−2 with ≈100% retention over 300 h, far exceeding the commercial Pt/C║RuO2 (2.41 V@1000 mA cm−2, 100 h, 58.2%).
Metal‐Organic Framework Glass Anode with an Exceptional Cycling‐Induced Capacity Enhancement for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gao Chengwei , Jiang Zhenjing , Qi Shibin , Wang Peixing , Jensen Lars Rosgaard , Johansen Morten , Christensen Christian Kolle , Zhang Yanfei , Ravnsbæk Dorthe Bomholdt , Yue Yuanzheng
Published: December 2021

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) hold great promise as high‐energy anode materials for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to their tunable chemistry, pore structure and abundant reaction sites. However, the pore structure of crystalline MOFs tends to collapse during lithium‐ion insertion and extraction, and hence, their electrochemical performances are rather limited. As a critical breakthrough, a MOF glass anode for LIBs has been developed in the present work. In detail, it is fabricated by melt‐quenching Cobalt‐ZIF‐62 (Co(Im)1.75(bIm)0.25) to glass, and then by combining glass with carbon black and binder. The derived anode exhibits high lithium storage capacity (306 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at of 2 A g−1), outstanding cycling stability, and superior rate performance compared with the crystalline Cobalt‐ZIF‐62 and the amorphous one prepared by high‐energy ball‐milling. Importantly, it is found that the Li‐ion storage capacity of the MOF glass anode continuously rises with charge–discharge cycling and even tripled after 1000 cycles. Combined spectroscopic and structural analyses, along with density functional theory calculations, reveal the origin of the cycling‐induced enhancement of the performances of the MOF glass anode, that is, the increased distortion and local breakage of the CoN coordination bonds making the Li‐ion intercalation sites more accessible.
Large‐Area Fabrication of High Performing, Flexible, Transparent Conducting Electrodes Using Screen Printing and Spray Coating Techniques
Authors: Govind Remya K. , Mondal Indrajit , Baishya Kaushik , Ganesha Mukhesh K. , Walia Sunil , Singh Ashutosh K. , Kulkarni Giridhar U.
Published: December 2021

Fabrication of large‐area transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) of high performance through cost‐effective high throughput methods has been an area of intensive research. In this context, the fabrication of flexible, 25 cm2 wide TCEs with high figure of merit (FoM) (≈494 Ω−1 ) is achieved by two roll‐to‐roll compatible processes, namely screen printing and spray coating, by suitably modifying crackle lithography in a cost‐effective manner. The fabricated TCEs exhibit low sheet resistance (<10 Ω □−1) and high transmittance (≈86–90%) in the visible region. The TCEs are shown to be highly bendable, the change in the sheet resistance is only ≈2% up on 6000 bending cycles. The application of these TCEs as transparent bendable uniform Joule heaters and surface capacitive touchscreens has also been demonstrated. The TCEs are, thus, just as good as any TCE produced using spin‐coating or similar small area coating techniques.
Highly‐Efficient Solar Steam Generation with Real Time Salinity Monitoring for Seawater Desalination
Authors: Xiong Meiyu , Dong Suwei , Xu Yunfan , Liu Cihui , Di Yunsong , Xing Fangjian , Wu Shuyi , Zhang Jinlei , Yu Liyan , Dong Lifeng , Gan Zhixing
Published: December 2021

Solar steam generation (SSG) has attracted increasing interest due to its huge potential in seawater desalination. However, SSG performance is not yet satisfactory due to limited photothermal efficiency and crude thermal management. In addition, real‐time salinity monitoring is still lacking. Herein, inspired by the transpiration of trees, an umbrella‐shaped 3D structure is designed for high‐performance SSG. The water evaporation rate under one sun irradiation is as high as 2.17 kg m−2h−1, outcompeting most previous work. The high evaporation rate is primarily attributed to the excellent photothermal effect and maximized utilization of the heat via enhancing water transport and enlarging the effective evaporation area. Due to the existence of an air gap between the umbrella cover and the bulk water, an extra thermal insulator is not needed. Thus, the SSG device is more compact and stable. Moreover, a flexible photonic crystal membrane is constructed to in situ monitor the salinity by the structural color via a visualization method. This SSG device keeps high evaporation rates in seawater desalination, showing great prospects for practical applications.
Unveiling Alternating Current Electronic Properties at Ferroelectric Domain Walls
Authors: Schultheiß Jan , Rojac Tadej , Meier Dennis
Published: December 2021

Ferroelectric domain walls exhibit a range of interesting electrical properties and are now widely recognized as functional 2D systems for the development of next‐generation nanoelectronics. A major achievement in the field is the development of a fundamental framework that explains the emergence of enhanced electronic direct‐current conduction at the domain walls. Here, the much less explored behavior of ferroelectric domain walls under applied alternating‐current (AC) voltages is discussed. An overview of the recent advances in the nanoscale characterization is provided that allows for resolving the dynamic responses of individual domain walls to AC fields. In addition, different examples are presented, showing the unusual AC electronic properties that arise at neutral and charged domain walls in the kilo‐ to gigahertz regime. It is concluded with a discussion about the future direction of the field and novel application opportunities, expanding domain‐wall‐based nanoelectronics into the realm of AC technologies.
Toward Functionalized Ultrathin Oxide Films: The Impact of Surface Apical Oxygen
Authors: Gabel Judith , Pickem Matthias , Scheiderer Philipp , Dudy Lenart , Leikert Berengar , Fuchs Marius , Stübinger Martin , Schmitt Matthias , Küspert Julia , Sangiovanni Giorgio , Tomczak Jan M. , Held Karsten , Lee Tien‐Lin , Claessen Ralph , Sing Michael
Published: December 2021

Thin films of transition metal oxides open up a gateway to nanoscale electronic devices beyond silicon characterized by novel electronic functionalities. While such films are commonly prepared in an oxygen atmosphere, they are typically considered to be ideally terminated with the stoichiometric composition. Using the prototypical correlated metal SrVO3 as an example, it is demonstrated that this idealized description overlooks an essential ingredient: oxygen adsorbing at the surface apical sites. The oxygen adatoms, which are present even if the films are kept in an ultrahigh vacuum environment and not explicitly exposed to air, are shown to severely affect the intrinsic electronic structure of a transition metal oxide film. Their presence leads to the formation of an electronically dead surface layer but also alters the band filling and the electron correlations in the thin films. These findings highlight that it is important to take into account surface apical oxygen or—mutatis mutandis—the specific oxygen configuration imposed by a capping layer to predict the behavior of ultrathin films of transition metal oxides near the single unit‐cell limit.
An improvement on Martin–Hou equation of state for more precise prediction in the liquid region
Authors: Yao Guang , Yang Chengang , Hu Dong , Zhu Quan , Li Xiangyuan
Published: December 2021

A modified Martin–Hou (M–H) equation of state (EOS) for the accurate representation of thermodynamic property data of some pure substances in liquid phase is presented in this work. The improvement is achieved by substituting a new parameter η into the original M–H EOS. Eighteen pure substances are chosen to construct the dependency relationship of η on reduced temperature Tr and acentric factor ω. Furthermore, to verify the effectiveness and improvement of the modified M–H EOS, the calculated values of the saturated vapor and liquid molar volumes are compared with the literature data in the reduced temperature ranging from approximately 0.6 to 1.0. The results show that the modified M–H EOS perform a good prediction in gaseous phase for pure substances with the average absolute deviation (AAD) generally less than 1%, and more precise liquid molar volume values can be obtained with the modified equation. In liquid phase, the AAD of the modified M–H EOS is 3.71%, which is much lower than 6.16% of the original M–H EOS.
Maximizing batch fermentation efficiency by constrained model‐based optimization and predictive control of adenosine triphosphate turnover
Authors: Espinel‐Ríos Sebastián , Bettenbrock Katja , Klamt Steffen , Findeisen Rolf
Published: December 2021

We present a constrained model‐based optimization and predictive control framework to maximize the production efficiency of batch fermentations based on the core idea of manipulating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) wasting. In many bioprocesses, enforced ATP wasting —rerouting ATP use towards an energetically possibly suboptimal path— allows increasing the metabolic flux towards the product, thereby enhancing product yields and specific productivities. However, this often comes at the expense of lower biomass yields and reduced volumetric productivities. To maximize the overall efficiency, we formulate ATP wasting as a model‐based optimal control problem. This allows for balancing trade‐offs between different objectives such as product yield and volumetric productivity for batch fermentations. Unlike static metabolic control, one obtains a higher degree of flexibility, adaptability, and competitiveness. This can be advantageous towards achieving a sustainable and economically efficient biotechnology industry. To compensate for model‐plant mismatch, disturbances, and uncertainties, we propose not only solving the optimal control problem once. Instead, we exploit the concept of moving horizon model predictive control combined with constraint‐based dynamic modeling to capture the fermentation dynamics. The approach is underlined considering the industrially relevant bioproduction of lactate by Escherichia coli. We discuss practical challenges for the described control strategy and provide an outlook towards future developments.
Comprehensive analysis on anomalous phenomenon of ethanol‐soluble poly(vinyl butyral) membrane for ethanol recovery via pervaporation
Authors: Li Junjun , Huang Mi , Wei Ping , Zhang Yaqin , Zhao Xuean , Liu Chunbo , Zhou Zhijun , Zhang Lin
Published: December 2021

Poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) is selected as a promising ethanol‐permselective membrane based on the solubility parameter theory; however, it exhibits anomalous water perm‐selectivity in practical pervaporation (PV) process. Comprehensive analysis based on experimental and theoretical methods were carried out to explore the inherent mechanism of the anomalous performance. Firstly, sum frequency generation vibrational spectra and contact angle were developed to quantify the surface reconstruction of membrane in air and ethanol, which indicated that hydrophilic hydroxyl tended to expose on membrane surface with ethanol thus improving the membrane affinity to water. Meanwhile, swelling behaviors proved more water would accumulate in the ethanol swollen membrane. Furthermore, theoretical analysis in terms of sorption and diffusion process, based on the UNIFAC‐FV model and Fujita free‐volume theory, confirmed the mechanism of anomalous phenomenon of PVB membrane. The comprehensive investigation was expected to provide insights into the basic separation mechanism of PV process.
High‐Efficiency Generation of Flat High‐Order Sidebands in a Gently Modulating Optomechanical System
Authors: Liu Jun‐Hao , Yu Ya‐Fei , Wang Jin‐Dong , Zhang Zhi‐Ming
Published: December 2021

The high‐order sideband generation in a gently modulating optomechanical system, which consists of a standard optomechanical system driven by a mildly amplitude modulated field (MAMF) is investigated. It is found that the sideband generation can be effectively optimized by choosing an appropriate component number N of the MAMF, and this scheme can generate more and flatter high‐order sidebands with the same input power compared with the conventional model. The efficiency of the sideband generation is much superior to the traditional scheme. The challenge for high‐efficiently realizing a flat optical frequency comb based on optomechanical systems may be aided by this work.
Developing LC–MS/MS methods to quantify rivaroxabanin human plasma and urine: Application to therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Zheng Xin , Chen Chen , Gao Huitao , Sun Xuefeng , Zhang Yanbao , Shi Juhong , Han Xiaohong
Published: December 2021

Rivaroxaban is an oral anticoagulant directly inhibiting the activity of Factor Xa, which is widely used for the prophylaxis of thromboembolic disorders. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is required during therapy for individual dosage adjustment. This study aimed at developing a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method that was suitable for rivaroxaban TDM in human plasma and urine and exploring the feasibility of urine drug monitoring in medical care. A 3 min run time of the LC–MS/MS methods was established by employing an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) column using gradient elution of 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate containing 0.1% formic acid–0.1% formic acid acetonitrile as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min with calibration ranges of 0.5–400 and 10–10,000 ng/ml for human plasma and urine, respectively. Rivaroxaban was detected on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode. The methods showed good linearity within the calibration range. The precision and accuracy, matrix effect, extraction recovery and stability in both human matrices were all validated and meet the international guideline requirements. These validated methods were successfully applied to support the TDM of an aged patient receiving rivaroxaban for therapy.