bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella species and potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli in free‐living seals of Canadian Atlantic and eastern Arctic waters
Authors: Saab Matthew E. , Vanier Ghyslaine , Sudlovenick Enooyaq , Powell Ashley Lora , Simonee James , Desmarais Gabriel , Muckle Catherine Anne , Fairbrother John Morris , Daoust Pierre‐Yves
Published: June 2023

Seal populations in Canadian waters provide sustenance to coastal communities. There is potential for pathogenic and/or antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria to transfer to humans through inadvertent faecal contamination of seal products. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence and potential antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes in faecal samples collected from grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and from ringed seals (Pusa hispida) in Frobisher Bay and Eclipse Sound, Nunavut, Canada. Grey seals were harvested during commercial hunts or during scientific sampling; ringed seals were collected by Inuit hunters during subsistence harvests. Virulence genes defining pathogenic E. coli were identified by PCR, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on recovered isolates. In grey seals, E. coli was detected in 34/44 (77%) samples, and pathogenic E. coli (extraintestinal E. coli [ExPEC], enteropathogenic E. coli [EPEC] or ExPEC/EPEC) was detected in 13/44 (29%) samples. Non‐susceptibility to beta‐lactams and quinolones was observed in isolates from 18 grey seals. In ringed seals from Frobisher Bay, E. coli was detected in 4/45 (9%) samples; neither virulence genes nor antimicrobial resistance was detected in these isolates. In ringed seals from Eclipse Sound, E. coli was detected in 8/50 (16%) samples and pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC and ExPEC/EPEC) in 5/50 (10%) samples. One seal from Eclipse Sound had an E. coli isolate resistant to beta‐lactams. A monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium was recovered from 8/50 (16%) seals from Eclipse Sound. All Salmonella isolates were resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole and tetracycline. L. monocytogenes was not detected in any sample. These findings suggest that seals may act as important sentinel species and as reservoirs or vectors for antimicrobial‐resistant and virulent E. coli and Salmonella species. Further characterization of these isolates would provide additional insights into the source and spread of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in these populations of free‐living seals.
3D manipulation and dynamics of soft materials in 3D flows
Authors: Tu Michael Q. , Nguyen Hung V. , Foley Elliel , Jacobs Michael I. , Schroeder Charles M.
Published: June 2023

Flow-based manipulation of particles is an essential tool for studying soft materials, but prior work has nearly exclusively relied on using two-dimensional (2D) flows generated in planar microfluidic geometries. In this work, we demonstrate 3D trapping and manipulation of freely suspended particles, droplets, and giant unilamellar vesicles in 3D flow fields using automated flow control. Three-dimensional flow fields including uniaxial extension and biaxial extension are generated in 3D-printed fluidic devices combined with active feedback control for particle manipulation in 3D. Flow fields are characterized using particle tracking velocimetry complemented by finite-element simulations for all flow geometries. Single colloidal particles (3.4 μm diameter) are confined in low viscosity solvent (1.0 mPa s) near the stagnation points of uniaxial and biaxial extensional flow for long times (≥10 min) using active feedback control. Trap stiffness is experimentally determined by analyzing the power spectral density of particle position fluctuations. We further demonstrate precise manipulation of colloidal particles along user-defined trajectories in three dimensions using automated flow control. Newtonian liquid droplets and GUVs are trapped and deformed in precisely controlled uniaxial and biaxial extensional flows, which is a new demonstration for 3D flow fields. Overall, this work extends flow-based manipulation of particles and droplets to three dimensions, thereby enabling quantitative analysis of colloids and soft materials in complex nonequilibrium flows.
The Antecedents of Shared Leadership in Sport for Development and Peace Collaboratives
Authors: Kang Seungmin , Svensson Per G.
Published: June 2023

While recent scholarship emphasizes the potential role of shared leadership as a viable alternative to help address existing challenges in the Sport for Development and Peace sector, limited attention has been given to understanding how and when shared leadership can be developed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore antecedents of shared leadership based on practitioners’ lived experiences within multiorganizational collaboratives. A total of 30 practitioners involved in two multiorganizational Sport for Development and Peace collaboratives was interviewed. Data were analyzed through a two-cycle coding process. Four themes were identified, including (a) strategic planning, (b) support from vertical leaders, (c) shared events, and (d) personal characteristics of members as critical antecedents of shared leadership. The findings of this study provide a foundation for refining shared leadership theory. Additionally, the findings also allow for the identification of field-sensitive strategies practitioners can implement to develop environments more conducive to shared leadership development.
An enzyme cascade enables production of therapeutic oligonucleotides in a single operation
Authors: Moody E. R. , Obexer R. , Nickl F. , Spiess R. , Lovelock S. L.
Published: June 2023

Therapeutic oligonucleotides have emerged as a powerful drug modality with the potential to treat a wide range of diseases; however, the rising number of therapies poses a manufacturing challenge. Existing synthetic methods use stepwise extension of sequences immobilized on solid supports and are limited by their scalability and sustainability. We report a biocatalytic approach to efficiently produce oligonucleotides in a single operation where polymerases and endonucleases work in synergy to amplify complementary sequences embedded within catalytic self-priming templates. This approach uses unprotected building blocks and aqueous conditions. We demonstrate the versatility of this methodology through the synthesis of clinically relevant oligonucleotide sequences containing diverse modifications.
Size of cerium dioxide support nanocrystals dictates reactivity of highly dispersed palladium catalysts
Authors: Muravev Valery , Parastaev Alexander , van den Bosch Yannis , Ligt Bianca , Claes Nathalie , Bals Sara , Kosinov Nikolay , Hensen Emiel J. M.
Published: June 2023

The catalytic performance of heterogeneous catalysts can be tuned by modulation of the size and structure of supported transition metals, which are typically regarded as the active sites. In single-atom metal catalysts, the support itself can strongly affect the catalytic properties. Here, we demonstrate that the size of cerium dioxide (CeO
2
) support governs the reactivity of atomically dispersed palladium (Pd) in carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation. Catalysts with small CeO
2
nanocrystals (~4 nanometers) exhibit unusually high activity in a CO-rich reaction feed, whereas catalysts with medium-size CeO
2
(~8 nanometers) are preferred for lean conditions. Detailed spectroscopic investigations reveal support size–dependent redox properties of the Pd-CeO
2
interface.
Natural blue
Authors: Kupferschmidt Kai
Published: June 2023

A food dye from a South American fruit has become a test case for the ethical development of natural resources
Undernutrition among children living in refugee camps: a systematic review of prevalence
Authors: Skinner Annabel , Tester-Jones Michelle Caroline , Carrieri Daniele
Published: June 2023

Objectives

This review aimed to provide an overview of the prevalence of undernutrition in children under 5 years old in refugee camps according to the different indicators. In addition, we aimed to evaluate the quality and quantity of relevant epidemiological data available.

Design

We used a systematic review of prevalence study design to achieve the above aims. We sought eligible observational studies through database searching of OVID Medline, CAB Global Health, Scopus and PubMed; citation chasing; and grey literature searching.

Setting

The setting of interest was refugee camps across the globe.

Participants

Participants in the studies included in the review were children under 5 years old.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Outcome measures of interest were the prevalence of wasting, global acute malnutrition, stunting and underweight.

Results

The review included 33 cross-sectional studies in 86 sites and a total of 36 750 participants. Overall, the quality of the studies was moderate to high, but some reports lacked clarity around data collection or outcome definitions. The results showed a wide variation in prevalence estimates across the different indicators and between different refugee camps. The median prevalence estimates of global acute malnutrition based on weight-for-height z-score, stunting and underweight were 7.1%, 23.8% and 16.7%, respectively. Using weight-for-height z-score identified a higher prevalence of acute malnutrition than using mid-upper arm circumference in the majority of studies.

Conclusions

Acute malnutrition remains a public health problem in many refugee camps, but chronic malnutrition has a high prevalence in more locations. Research and policy must, therefore, focus not only on nutrition but also on the wider determinants of both acute and chronic undernutrition. The difference in prevalence of global acute malnutrition depending on the measure used has implications for screening and diagnosis.
Comparison of telehealth and supervised phase III cardiac rehabilitation in regional Australia: protocol for a non-inferiority trial
Authors: Collins Blake , Gordon Brett , Wundersitz Daniel , Hunter Jayden , Hanson Lisa C , O'Doherty Alasdair F , Hayes Abbey , Kingsley Michael
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programmes (ExCRP) promote recovery and secondary prevention for individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite this, enrolment and adherence to ExCRP in rural locations is low. Telehealth programmes provide a convenient, home-based intervention, but concerns remain about compliance to exercise prescription. This paper presents the rationale and protocol design to determine if telehealth delivered ExCRP is not inferior to supervised ExCRP for improving cardiovascular function and exercise fidelity.

Method and analysis

A non-inferiority, parallel (1:1), single-blinded randomised clinical trial will be conducted. Fifty patients with CVD will be recruited from a rural phase II ExCRP. Participants will be randomly assigned to telehealth or supervised ExCRP and prescribed three weekly exercise sessions for 6 weeks. Exercise sessions will include a 10 min warm up, up to 30 min of continuous aerobic exercise at a workload equivalent to the ventilatory anaerobic threshold and a 10 min cool down. The primary outcome will be change in cardiorespiratory fitness as measured by cardiopulmonary exercise test. Secondary outcome measures will include change in blood lipid profile, heart rate variability, pulse wave velocity, actigraphy measured sleep quality and training fidelity. Non-inferiority will be confirmed if intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses conclude the same outcome following independent samples t-test with p<0.025.

Ethics and dissemination

Research ethics committees at La Trobe University, St John of God Health Care and Bendigo Health approved the study protocol and informed consent. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated among stakeholders.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12622000872730p; pre-results.
Exploring changing attitudes to non-invasive liver fibrosis tests in secondary care pathways: comparison of two national surveys
Authors: Abeysekera Kushala W M , Srivastava Ankur , Rowe Ian , Jarvis Helen , Ryder Stephen D , Yeoman Andrew , Dillon John F , Rosenberg William
Published: June 2023

Introduction

The increasing availability of non-invasive tests (NITs) has created the opportunity to explore their use in improving risk stratification of advanced liver disease. The study aimed to determine the attitudes and practices among UK secondary care specialists, focusing primarily on attitudes to fibrosis assessment and the use of NITs.

Methods

Two web-based surveys were circulated, first between 2014 and 2015 (survey 1), and again in 2021 (survey 2). The surveys were promoted via the British Society of Gastroenterology, the British Association for the Study of the Liver and using Twitter.

Results

In survey 1, 215 healthcare professionals (HCPs) completed the online survey. 112 HCPs completed survey 2. 71 acute UK trusts were represented in survey 1 compared with 60 trusts in survey 2. Between the two surveys, the proportion of HCPs performing fibrosis assessment in all or nearly all cases rose from 45.1% to 74.1% (χ2=25.01; p<0.0001). 46.5% (n=33/71) respondents in acute services reported the use of NITs in clinical pathways in survey 1, rising to 70.0% (n=42/60) in survey 2 (χ2=7.35; p=0.007). Availability of tests has increased but is not universal. The proportion reporting availability as a barrier to uptake fell from 57.2% of responses in survey 1 to 38.4% in 2021 χ2=11.01; p=0.0009).

Conclusion

Between 2014 and 2021, the role of NITs in fibrosis assessment has risen substantially, as has the proportion of clinicians using NITs in clinical pathways to assess risk of liver disease. Poor access to NITs remains the predominant barrier.
Three-dimensional gravity and Schramm–Loewner evolution
Authors: Zhou Jing , Leng Xiaoling
Published: June 2023

The partition function of three-dimensional gravity in the quantum regime is dual to the Ising model when the central charge c = 1/2. Mathematically, we show that the three-dimensional gravity can be described by Schramm–Loewner evolution (SLE) with certain κ. In fact, SLE depends on the parameter κ, which controls the diffusion of the Brownian motion. Each value of c < 1 corresponds to two values of κ, which may hint that the three-dimensional gravity has two different phases at certain central charge c. Moreover, phase transition is also discussed in AdS and Ising model.
Annual recruitment is correlated with reproductive success in a smallmouth bass population
Authors: Philipp David P. , Claussen Julie E. , Ludden James , Svec Jana H. , Shultz Aaron D. , Cooke Steven J. , Ridgway Mark S. , Bell Allan H. , Philipp Madison A.C. , Suski Cory D. , Philipp Matthew M.C. , Phelan Frank J.S. , Stein Jeffrey A.
Published: June 2023

Annual recruitment in fish is undoubtedly impacted by a vast number of biotic and abiotic factors. That is especially the case for fish species such as the black bass (species in the genus Micropterus), where there is extended parental care. Although much focus has been given in the past on determining the roles that many of these factors (e.g., temperatures, wind, flow rates, and habitat change) play in determining recruitment among the back basses, little attention has been given to assessing what role reproductive success plays in that determination. To address this question, we conducted a long-term study on two adjacent smallmouth bass (SMB) Micropterus dolomieu Lacepède, 1802 populations in eastern ON to assess the relationship between annual fry cohort size (FCS) (i.e., population-wide reproductive success) and annual recruitment. To measure population-wide annual FCS, we used snorkel surveys to conduct a complete census of nesting SMB males during the spawn from 1990 to 2015. During those surveys, we quantified mating success, determined which nests were successful or not, and calculated the number of independent fry produced each year by summing those numbers across all successful nests. Summer snorkel surveys from 1991 to 2016 assessed annual recruitment through visual counts of age 1+ juveniles. Results demonstrated a highly significant, positive, linear relationship between annual FCS and annual recruitment.
Detecting nuclear mass distribution in isobar collisions via charmonium
Authors: Zhao Jiaxing , Shi Shuzhe
Published: June 2023

The collective properties of final state hadrons produced in the high statistics $$_{44}^{96}$$

44

96

Ru + $$_{44}^{96}$$

44

96

Ru and $$_{40}^{96}$$

40

96

Zr + $$_{40}^{96}$$

40

96

Zr collisions at $$\sqrt{s_\textrm{NN}} = 200~\textrm{GeV}$$

s
NN

=
200

GeV

are found to be significantly different. Such differences were argued to be precise probes of the difference in nucleon distribution in the isobar nuclei. We investigate the $$J/\psi $$

J
/
ψ

production in the isobar collision via a relativistic transport approach. By comparing the isobar systems according to equal centrality bin and equal multiplicity bin, we find that the yield ratio of $$J/\psi $$

J
/
ψ

is sensitive to the differences in both the number of binary collisions and the medium evolution. Besides, the elliptic flow $$v_2$$

v
2

of $$J/\psi $$

J
/
ψ

is qualitatively different from the light hadrons, and the ratio between Ru + Ru and Zr + Zr collisions is sensitive to the medium evolution. The charmonium production provides an independent probe to study the nucleon distribution in the isobar system.
Analysis of rescattering effects in $$3\pi $$ final states
Authors: Stamen Dominik , Isken Tobias , Kubis Bastian , Mikhasenko Mikhail , Niehus Malwin
Published: June 2023

Decays into three particles are often described in terms of two-body resonances and a non-interacting spectator particle. To go beyond this simplest isobar model, crossed-channel rescattering effects need to be accounted for. We quantify the importance of these rescattering effects in three-pion systems for different decay masses and angular-momentum quantum numbers. We provide amplitude decompositions for four decay processes with total $$J^{PC} = 0^{--}$$

J

PC

=

0

-
-

, $$1^{--}$$

1

-
-

, $$1^{-+}$$

1

-
+

, and $$2^{++}$$

2

+
+

, all of which decay predominantly as $$\rho \pi $$

ρ
π

states. Two-pion rescattering is described in terms of an Omnès function, which incorporates the $$\rho $$
ρ
resonance. Inclusion of crossed-channel effects is achieved by solving the Khuri–Treiman integral equations. The unbinned log-likelihood estimator is used to determine the significance of the rescattering effects beyond two-body resonances; we compute the minimum number of events necessary to unambiguously find these in future Dalitz-plot analyses. Kinematic effects that enhance or dilute the rescattering are identified for the selected set of quantum numbers and various masses.
The role of organic carbon in the Southern Uplands-Down-Longford Terrane accretionary prism, Scotland and Ireland
Authors: Parnell J. , Armstrong J. , Blamey N.J.F. , Boyce A.J. , Schito A. , Muirhead D.
Published: June 2023

Carbonaceous shales in the Southern Uplands-Down-Longford Terrane accretionary prism had extremely high potential for hydrocarbon generation in the Lower Paleozoic. Structural thickening in the prism enhanced the rapid generation of oil. Shale horizons are separated by thick turbidites composed of low-permeability greywackes, so oil under high fluid pressure either pooled along shale bedding surfaces or migrated into fractured greywackes. Pooled oil became solidified to bitumen, which locally formed deposits on a scale of tonnes, mined as coal. The carbon-rich shale also sequestered large amounts of sulfur from seawater, which precipitated as pyrite firstly during early diagenesis, then further during fluid flow through the shale beds. The oil was also sulfur-bearing. Deformation focused on the shale beds during the evolution of the accretionary prism would have been closely related to the fluid flow which precipitated bitumen and sulfides. The palaeo-fluids were also anomalously rich in methane and hydrogen, similar to fluids venting from modern accretionary prisms.

Supplementary material:
details of localities searched for coal in Lower Palaeozoic, Southern Uplands-Down-Longford Terrane (locations shown in
Fig. 6
) are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6691597
Evolving Permian magmatism associated with arc migration in the southern Beishan Orogenic Collage, Central Asian Orogenic Belt, NW China
Authors: Hong Tong , van Staal Cees , Lin Shoufa , Santos Gabriel S. , Wang Kai
Published: June 2023

The Beishan Orogen contains the youngest suture in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and is vital to understanding its terminal collision history and closure of the last vestiges of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean. Multidisciplinary evidence is provided for a close temporal and spatial linkage between the Liuyuan Complex back-arc ophiolite and the Ganquan Complex arc rocks. The Ganquan Complex mainly comprises felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks and is divided into a lower and upper sequence, both of which exhibit arc-like geochemical signatures and have magmatic zircons characterized by mantle-like
δ
18
O values. Their U–Pb zircon ages range between 295 and 286 Ma and between 283 and 281 Ma, with corresponding
ε
Hf values varying from −4.2 to +1.9 and from +1.3 to +7.6, respectively, indicating a more juvenile magma source over time. The increase of juvenile isotopic signatures in the Ganquan Complex rocks is attributed to arc-trench migration, which progressively removed the arc from influences of an old arc basement contaminant and led to back-arc spreading and formation of the Liuyuan ophiolite. Cessation of the multi-phase Ganquan arc system at
c.
280 Ma coincided with the accretion of the continental Baidunzi Complex in the south.
Joint IoT/ML Platforms for Smart Societies and Environments: A Review on Multimodal Information-Based Learning for Safety and Security
Authors: Attar Hani
Published: June 2023

The application of the Internet of Things (IoT) is highly expected to have comprehensive economic, business, and societal implications for our smart lives; indeed, IoT technologies play an essential role in creating a variety of smart applications that improve the nature and well-being of life in the real world. Consequently, the interconnected nature of IoT systems and the variety of components of their implementation have given rise to new security concerns. Cyber-attacks and threats in the IoT ecosystem significantly impact the development of new intelligent applications. Moreover, the IoT ecosystem suffers from inheriting vulnerabilities that make its devices inoperable to benefit from instigating security techniques such as authentication, access control, encryption, and network security. Recently, great advances have been achieved in the field of Machine Intelligence (MI), Deep Learning (DL), and Machine Learning (ML), which have been applied to many important applications. ML and DL are regarded as efficient data exploration techniques for discovering “normal” and “abnormal” IoT component and device behavior inside the IoT ecosystem. Therefore, ML/DL approaches are required to convert the security of IoT systems from providing safe Device-to-Device (D2D) communication to providing security-based intelligence systems. The proposed work examines ML/DL technologies that may be utilized to provide superior security solutions for IoT devices. The potential security risks associated with the IoT are discussed, including pre-existing and newly emerging threats. Furthermore, the benefits and challenges of DL and ML techniques are examined to enhance IoT security.
Essential Workers Balancing Life and Work during the COVID-19 Syndemic in Spain: A Qualitative and Gender-Based Study
Authors: Máiz-Mazuela Catuxa , Medina-Perucha Laura , Berenguera Anna , López-Jiménez Tomas , Rodríguez-Giralt Israel , Cerezo Sepúlveda Pablo , Jacques-Aviñó Constanza
Published: June 2023

Rationale. During the COVID-19 lockdown in Spain, healthcare workers have experienced productive work overload, as well as an increase in reproductive work, which has worsened their mental health. Little research has been done on nonhealthcare essential workers although they have been exposed to similar conditions. Objective. To explore the experiences of essential workers after the first year of the COVID-19 syndemic in Spain on work-life balance, considering different professions and reproductive work responsibilities. Methods. Exploratory qualitative study using a gender perspective. Eighteen semistructured interviews were conducted via telephone or videoconference between January and March 2021. Interviews included essential workers in healthcare, social work, food related, and other settings, eleven women and seven men. A thematic analysis was conducted. Results. The disposition of essential workers for reproductive work, task sharing, and work-life balance differed according to gender. Reproductive work was predominantly the responsibility of women; work-life balance was especially challenging for single-mother families and families with children. Being an essential worker, performing face-to-face productive work during lockdown seemed to allow a sense of “normality” and personal space. However, it appeared to lead to feelings of exhaustion due to unsustainable working conditions and pressure on reproductive work during the first year of the COVID-19 syndemic. A lack of social recognition was perceived, especially among social workers. Conclusion. This study raises awareness of the difficulties of combining productive work that has become essential with reproductive work in a context of extreme social isolation and little social and institutional support. It questions the role of women in reproductive work, brings visibility to professions such as social work, and highlights the need to improve their working conditions. It is urgent to implement policies to mitigate effects on mental health and its determinants in the short term and long term to reduce gender inequity.
Pore-Scale Oil-Water Flow Behaviors in Different Development Adjustment Schemes for Enhancing Oil Recovery in Waterflooding
Authors: Du Jianjun , Xue Tao , Ning Tao , Hu Bingtao , Yu Jinbiao , Wang Chen
Published: June 2023

Development mode adjustment is an important measure to further enhance oil recovery after primary waterflooding. Investigating the oil-water flow behaviors in the pores is significant to deepening the understanding of the macrobehavior of waterflooding and the designation of the reservoir development plan. Previous studies mainly focused on the change in recovery factor and macroflow characteristics, while less attention was paid to the causes of the change in recovery factor and the difference in macrocharacteristics. In this paper, the numerical simulation technology by coupling the Navier-Stokes equation with the method of volume of fluid is employed to investigate the dynamic formation mechanism of the remaining oil at pore-scale in the primary waterflooding, and then the pore-scale oil-water two-phase behaviors under three waterflooding development adjustment schemes: changing flooding direction, turning extraction well to injection well, and increasing injection rate are studied. The research shows that when the viscous resistance of the water-bearing channel is less than the sum of the capillary barrier and drainage capillary resistance (the resistance in the displacement of wetting phase displacement using the nonwetting phase), the remaining oil is formed. Water➔oil➔water➔oil displacement mode is formed in the process of changing flow direction, which makes the force of the phase interface tend to balance, reduces the capillary effect in waterflooding, and improves oil recovery. In the process of developing the scheme of turning extraction into an injection well, through multipoint injection, it advances from the central water-bearing area to the oil-bearing area on both sides in multiple paths, forming a larger spatial spread range than that in the change of flooding direction. Under the influence of the capillary barrier effect and drainage capillary resistance, when the injection rate is increased, the remaining oil can restart to move only when the flowing rate exceeds a certain value. The small viscous resistance in the water-bearing channel and the lateral resistance from the capillary barrier limiting the lateral sweep of water are the primary reasons for the insignificant improvement of oil recovery under the condition of a low liquid injection rate. The findings of this study can help for better understanding of pore-scale flow mechanism behaviors and their influences on the macroscopic development features in the waterflooding process.
A Dual-Band Dual-Output Filtering Power Amplifier Based on High-Selectivity Filtering Impedance Transformer
Authors: Zhen Shuchen , Wu Yongle , Li Shaobo , Chen Zhuoyin , Wang Weimin
Published: June 2023

In this brief, a novel filtering impedance transformer with good selectivity and high termination impedance is proposed, of which close-formed design equations are derived and effectively verified. Then, a dual-band dual-output filtering power amplifier (PA) operating at 2.4-2.6 GHz and 3.4-3.6 GHz is designed based on the proposed filtering impedance transformer. The dual-band filtering PA contains a diplexer-like output matching network, which can separate two band signals into corresponding output branches. EM-simulated results of the diplexer-like output matching network show that the isolation between the two output ports is better than 30.7 dB. Finally, for demonstration, the dual-band dual-output filtering PA using a packaged 10 W transistor is fabricated, and the measured drain efficiencies are 45.3%-50.2% and 41.7%-53.2% at lower and higher bands, respectively. Also, a good dual-band filtering response is obtained. A good agreement between simulated and measured results is observed.
Design of a High-Speed Railway Passenger Train Operation Scheme considering Survivability of the Network
Authors: Xian Yong , Li Yinzhen , Li Haijun , Ma Changxi , Zhang Tianxiang , Zhao Yongpeng
Published: June 2023

As an important part of modern comprehensive transportation system, high-speed railway (HSR), whether it is a transregional trunk line or an intercity line, always shapes the industrial layout and changes the living environment at different levels. Based on the analysis of the railway network topology and organization process of passenger train, this paper clarifies the connotation of passenger train operation scheme of HSR considering network survivability, and further explains the connotation of railway network system and its relationship with passenger train operation scheme. In this paper, a comprehensive quantitative index of the importance of key nodes and key edges is established, and an evaluation index of the survivability of railway service network based on the operating mileage of passenger trains is constructed, which is applied to the real local HSR network in China. With the aim of improving the survivability of HSR system, an alternative operation route of passenger trains between some OD stations is given according to the specific railway interruption situation.
Preterm Delivery and Neonatal Deaths among Anaemic Pregnant Women in the Bolgatanga Metropolis of Ghana
Authors: Helegbe Gideon K. , Aryee Paul , Mohammed Baba Sulemana
Published: June 2023

Preterm deliveries and neonatal deaths as functions of anaemia in pregnancy are of major public health interest. However, data on the prevalence of preterm deliveries and their association with mortality in anaemic pregnant women in the study area are scanty. Thus, the study sought to investigate the prevalence of preterm delivery and neonatal deaths among anaemic pregnant women in the Bolgatanga Regional Hospital in the Upper East Region of Ghana during the past five years. A retrospective study design was adopted, and data were gathered between March and May 2016. Records of women who were anaemic during any trimester of their pregnancy and delivered in the hospital within the last five years were included in the study. In all, two hundred (200) cases were reviewed. Data on the sociodemographic characteristics, health status, and birth outcome of participants were captured, and analyses were conducted using SPSS version 21 while considering significant differences at

p
<
0.05

. The study revealed that more than half of the anaemic women (52.5%, n = 105) had preterm deliveries, while neonatal mortality was 8.5% (n = 17). The proportion of mothers who received dietary or medical intervention for the treatment of anaemia and the number of attendances to antenatal clinics were comparable between preterm and normal-term mothers (

p
>
0.05

). Mothers with preterm deliveries had a higher risk of neonatal mortality (AOR = 13.66, 95% CI = 1.65–113.30, and

p
=
0.015

). This study has shown that anaemia in pregnancy increases the risk of preterm delivery and neonatal death. It is recommended that extra care be given to pregnant women with anaemia, while further studies are conducted with a larger sample size to substantiate the claims made in this study.
La jornada de 40 horas: Una apuesta para aumentar la productividad y mejorar la calidad laboral
Authors: Fernández Ana María
Published: June 2023

La reforma laboral que reduce la jornada semanal de 45 a 40 horas (Ley 21.561) fue publicada en el Diario Oficial el pasado 23 de abril, modificando el artículo 22 inciso primero del Código del Trabajo (CT) y reduciendo, en el inciso segundo, el grupo de trabajadores sin limitación de jornada. Continuar leyendo...
Data from Prospective Analysis Reveals Associations between Carbohydrate Intakes, Genetic Predictors of Short-Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis, and Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: Watling Cody Z. , Kelly Rebecca K. , Murphy Neil , Gunter Marc , Piernas Carmen , Bradbury Kathryn E. , Schmidt Julie A. , Key Timothy J. , Perez-Cornago Aurora
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Whole grain and fiber intakes may decrease the risk of colorectal cancer. The interplay between host genetic factors, colonization of specific bacteria, production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and intake of whole grains and fiber could alter the protective role of carbohydrates against colorectal cancer. Here, we assessed intakes of types and sources of carbohydrates in 114,217 UK Biobank participants with detailed dietary data (2–5 24-hour dietary assessments), and a host polygenic score (PGS) was applied to categorize participants as high or low for intraluminal microbial SCFA production, namely, butyrate and propionate. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the associations of carbohydrates and SCFA with colorectal cancer incidence. During a median follow-up of 9.4 years, 1,193 participants were diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Risk was inversely associated with intakes of non-free sugar and whole grain fiber. Evidence of heterogeneity was observed by the butyrate PGS; consuming higher amounts of whole grain starch was only associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer in those with predicted high SCFA production. Similarly, in additional analyses utilizing the larger UK Biobank cohort (N = 343,621) with less detailed dietary assessment, only individuals with a high genetically predicted butyrate production had a lower risk of colorectal cancer per 5 g/day intake of bread and cereal fiber. This study suggests that colorectal cancer risk varies by intake of carbohydrate types and sources, and the impact of whole grain intake may be modified by SCFA production.
Significance:
Prospective population-level analyses provide evidence supporting the importance of butyrate production in reduction of colorectal cancer risk by whole grain consumption.
Supplementary Table 7 from Phase 1b/2 Study of a Liposomal Formulation of Eribulin (E7389-LF) Plus Nivolumab in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors: Results from Phase 1b
Authors: Ida Hanae , Shimizu Toshio , Nishino Makoto , Nakamura Yoshiaki , Yazaki Shu , Katsuya Yuki , Sato Jun , Koyama Takafumi , Iwasa Satoru , Sudo Kazuki , Kondo Shunsuke , Yonemori Kan , Shitara Kohei , Shiono Satoshi , Matsuoka Daiko , Yasuda Keisuke , Otake Yohei , Suzuki Takuya , Takase Takao , Takashima Shuya , Yamaguchi Kohei , Semba Taro , Yamamoto Noboru
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Table 7. Tumor Biomarkers: Assessment of Immune Phenotypes
Supplementary Table 2 from Phase 1b/2 Study of a Liposomal Formulation of Eribulin (E7389-LF) Plus Nivolumab in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors: Results from Phase 1b
Authors: Ida Hanae , Shimizu Toshio , Nishino Makoto , Nakamura Yoshiaki , Yazaki Shu , Katsuya Yuki , Sato Jun , Koyama Takafumi , Iwasa Satoru , Sudo Kazuki , Kondo Shunsuke , Yonemori Kan , Shitara Kohei , Shiono Satoshi , Matsuoka Daiko , Yasuda Keisuke , Otake Yohei , Suzuki Takuya , Takase Takao , Takashima Shuya , Yamaguchi Kohei , Semba Taro , Yamamoto Noboru
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Table 2. Representativeness of Study Patients
Supplementary Table S6 from Desmoplastic Reaction Associates with Prognosis and Adjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Hu Qingru , Wang Yiting , Yao Su , Mao Yun , Liu Liu , Li Zhenhui , Chen Yonghe , Zhang Shenyan , Li Qian , Zhao Yingnan , Fan Xinjuan , Cui Yanfen , Zhao Ke , Liu Zaiyi
Published: June 2023

Patient clinicopathologic characteristics in ACT and surgery only groups
Supplementary Figure S9 from Desmoplastic Reaction Associates with Prognosis and Adjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Hu Qingru , Wang Yiting , Yao Su , Mao Yun , Liu Liu , Li Zhenhui , Chen Yonghe , Zhang Shenyan , Li Qian , Zhao Yingnan , Fan Xinjuan , Cui Yanfen , Zhao Ke , Liu Zaiyi
Published: June 2023

Nomogram for OS and boxplots of C-indices in primary and validation cohorts
Table S8 from Systemic Treatments and Molecular Biomarkers for Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumors: A Single-Institution Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Testa Stefano , Bui Nam Q. , Ganjoo Kristen N.
Published: June 2023

Table S8 shows median clinical PFS from first-line therapy in months, as well as 5-year clinical PFS rate from first-line therapy for the whole cohort.
Table S3 from Systemic Treatments and Molecular Biomarkers for Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumors: A Single-Institution Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Testa Stefano , Bui Nam Q. , Ganjoo Kristen N.
Published: June 2023

Table S3 shows the best overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) for different treatment types based on histology, tumor location, TFE3 positivity, as well as TSC1, TSC2, and TP53 mutational status.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Desmoplastic Reaction Associates with Prognosis and Adjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Hu Qingru , Wang Yiting , Yao Su , Mao Yun , Liu Liu , Li Zhenhui , Chen Yonghe , Zhang Shenyan , Li Qian , Zhao Yingnan , Fan Xinjuan , Cui Yanfen , Zhao Ke , Liu Zaiyi
Published: June 2023

Correlation between DR and DFS
Table S12 from Systemic Treatments and Molecular Biomarkers for Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumors: A Single-Institution Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Testa Stefano , Bui Nam Q. , Ganjoo Kristen N.
Published: June 2023

Table S12 shows results of Cox proportional hazard analysis for progression-free survival for all treatment episodes combined, regardless of line of therapy in patients with malignant PEComa only.
FIGURE 3 from Desmoplastic Reaction Associates with Prognosis and Adjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Hu Qingru , Wang Yiting , Yao Su , Mao Yun , Liu Liu , Li Zhenhui , Chen Yonghe , Zhang Shenyan , Li Qian , Zhao Yingnan , Fan Xinjuan , Cui Yanfen , Zhao Ke , Liu Zaiyi
Published: June 2023

Prognostic significance of ACT in patients with stage II colorectal cancer with different DR. A, Mature. B, Middle. C, Immature. D, Middle and immature. ACT, adjuvant chemotherapy; CRC, colorectal cancer.
Table S1 from Systemic Treatments and Molecular Biomarkers for Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumors: A Single-Institution Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Testa Stefano , Bui Nam Q. , Ganjoo Kristen N.
Published: June 2023

Table S1 shows a a description of study design, main findings and conclusions for the most relevant references in the study regarding management of patients with PEComas.
Figure S5 from Systemic Treatments and Molecular Biomarkers for Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumors: A Single-Institution Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Testa Stefano , Bui Nam Q. , Ganjoo Kristen N.
Published: June 2023

Figure S5 shows Kaplan-Meier Curves of Overall Survival for patients with Malignant PEComas treated with chemotherapy or mTOR inhibitors, and for patients with and without TP53 mutations, with and without TSC1/TSC2 mutations, and for those that are TFE3 positive versus TFE3 negative.
Figure S2 from Systemic Treatments and Molecular Biomarkers for Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumors: A Single-Institution Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Testa Stefano , Bui Nam Q. , Ganjoo Kristen N.
Published: June 2023

Figure S2 shows an Oncoplot of the mutations discovered in patients for which next-generation sequencing testing was available.
Melatonin Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Inducing Autophagy
Authors: Yilmaz Umit , Tanbek Kevser , Gul Semir , Gul Mehmet , Koc Ahmet , Sandal Suleyman
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate how melatonin administration for 3 days or 7 days following cerebral ischemia (CI) injury would affect autophagy and, therefore, survival in neurons of the penumbra region. Moreover, it was also aimed at determining how this melatonin treatment would affect the neurological deficit score and rotarod and adhesive removal test durations. Methods: Focal CI (90 min) was achieved in a total of 105 rats utilizing a middle cerebral artery occlusion model. After the start of reperfusion, the groups were treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg/day) for 3 days or 7 days. In all groups, neurological deficit scoring, rotarod, and adhesive removal tests were executed during reperfusion. Infarct areas were determined by TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining at the end of the 3rd and 7th days of reperfusion. Beclin-1, LC3, p62, and caspase-3 protein levels were assessed using Western blot and immunofluorescence methods in the brain tissues. Moreover, penumbra areas were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: Following CI, it was observed that melatonin treatment improved the rotarod and adhesive removal test durations from day 5 and reduced the infarct area after CI. It also induced autophagic proteins Beclin-1, LC3, and p62 and suppressed the apoptotic protein cleaved caspase-3. According to TEM findings, melatonin treatment partially reduced the damage in neurons after CI. Conclusion: Melatonin treatment following CI reduced the infarct area and induced the autophagic proteins Beclin-1, LC3, and p62 by inhibiting the apoptotic caspase-3 protein. The functional reflection of melatonin treatment on neurological test scores was became significant from the 5th day onward.
Basic Mechanisms of Hemolysis-Associated Thrombo-Inflammation and Immune Dysregulation
Authors: Dimitrov Jordan D. , Roumenina Lubka T. , Perrella Gina , Rayes Julie
Published: June 2023

Independent of etiology, hemolytic diseases are associated with thrombosis, inflammation and immune dysregulation, all together contributing to organ damage and poor outcome. Beyond anemia and the loss of the anti-inflammatory functions of red blood cells, hemolysis leads to the release of damage-associated molecular patterns including ADP, hemoglobin, and heme, which act through multiple receptors and signaling pathways fostering a hyperinflammatory and hypercoagulable state. Extracellular free heme is promiscuous alarmin capable of triggering oxido-inflammatory and thrombotic events by inducing the activation of platelets, endothelial and innate cells as well as the coagulation and complement cascades. In this review, we discuss the main mechanisms by which hemolysis and, in particular, heme, drive this thrombo-inflammatory milieu and discuss the consequences of hemolysis on the host response to secondary infections.
Abstract 04: Chest Compressions Superimposed With Sustained Inflations Compared to Continuous Chest Compressions with Asynchronized Ventilation During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Asphyxiated Pediatric Piglets - A Randomized Controlled Animal Study
Authors: Morin Chelsea , Cheung Po-yin , Lee Tze Fun , OReilly Megan , Schmolzer Georg
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
Respiratory arrest is the leading cause of pediatric cardiac arrest. Pediatric CRP guidelines therefore focus on respiratory support during CPR, but the optimal approach to oxygen delivery and coronary perfusion during pediatric CPR is not known. Animal studies reported that chest compressions superimposed with constant high distending pressure, or sustained inflation (CC+SI), significantly reduces time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) compared to 3:1 chest compression:ventilation in neonatal piglets or chest compressions with asynchronous ventilation (CCaV) in pediatric piglets. During CC+SI, both cardiovascular and respiratory parameters were improved, which resulted in the faster time to ROSC.

Hypothesis:
In the current study, we hypothesized that CC+SI, compared to CCaV, would reduce time to ROSC in pediatric piglets with asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest.

Methods:
Twenty-eight pediatric piglets (21-24 days old, 7.5-9.2 kg) were anesthetized, intubated, instrumented, and exposed to 30 min normocapnic hypoxia followed by asphyxia. Piglets were then randomized to, and received, either CC+SI or CCaV for resuscitation (n=14 per group). Resuscitative efforts were continued until ROSC was achieved, or up to a maximum of 10 min. Hemodynamic parameters were monitored throughout the experiment and up to 30 min post-ROSC.

Results and Conclusions:
Overall, the mean (SD) time to ROSC was 208 (190) sec with CC+SI and 388 (258) sec with CCaV (p=0.045) (Table 1). There was a 100% increase in the number of piglets achieving ROSC with CC+SI compared to CCaV (CC+SI n=12 versus CCaV n=6, p=0.046). Median minute ventilation in the CC+SI group was 2,315 mL/min compared with 354 mL/min in the CCaV group (p=0.0001). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher in the CC+SI group, compared to the CCaV group throughout resuscitation. In summary, CC+SI improved time to ROSC and increased the number of piglets achieving ROSC. There was significantly higher minute ventilation with CC+SI, compared to CCaV, and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher throughout resuscitation with CC+SI compared to CCaV. Studies in pediatric patients using CC+SI are warranted.