bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Historical aspects of water quality control in Russia. To the 150th anniversary of the first Zemstvo sanitary station and the 100th anniversary of the establisment of the State sanitary epidemiological service (literature review)
Authors: Bolechan Vasiliy N. , Subbotina Tat’yana I. , Krivtsov Andrey V. , Sorokoletova Yelena F. , Ishchuk Yuliya V.
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the history of water quality control in Russia in connection with the 150th anniversary of the establishment of the first Zemstvo sanitary station and the 100th anniversary of the publication of the Decree of the Council of People’s Commissars “On sanitary authorities of the Republic”. A historical retrospective analysis of publications was carried out using the database of the Russian Scientific Electronic Library eLibrary.Ru, integrated with the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI), and reports from the collections of the scientific library of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov. The data on the creation of the first Perm Zemstvo sanitary station in Russia and the conduct of original scientific research on the use of chemical and bacteriological methods of water quality control in it are presented. The achievements of Russian scientists in the field of establishing sanitary protection zones of water sources and the role of oil pollution of rivers are shown. The significance of the Decree of the Council of People’s Commissars “On sanitary bodies of the Republic” issued in 1922 in the legislative regulation of drinking water quality is determined. The activity of the bodies of the sanitary service of the Red Army to ensure adequate water supply in order to preserve the combat capability of the troops during the Great Patriotic War has been studied. A list of regulatory documents determining the quality of drinking water from 1945 to 2021 is presented, an analysis of new modern methods of quality control is carried out, the main requirements for which are expressiveness, reproducibility, accessibility. Conclusion. The creation of the first Zemstvo sanitary station and the State Sanitary Service in Russia served as the basis for the development of methods for monitoring the quality of drinking water, which went from the initial methods of assessing organoleptic indicators to the use of quantitative standards and the creation of innovative high-tech methods for studying it.
Attitudes toward Obesity and Eating Pathology among Health Professions Students
Authors: Blackstone Sarah , Herrmann Lynn Katherine , Garcia Diana
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine if eating pathology was associated with attitudes towards obesity among undergraduate health professions students. Undergraduates (n = 222) completed the Eating Pathology Symptom Inventory and measures of attitudes toward appearance. Multiple linear regressions were used to examined effects of eating pathology dimensions on attitudes toward obesity. Significant predictors of negative obesity attitudes were purging, binge eating, muscle building behaviors, and cognitive restraint. Study implications include development of screenings for health professions students to identify those at risk of eating pathology, as unhealthy attitudes toward eating and appearance which may influence patient interactions.
Local Michigan Government Leaders’ Perceptions of K-12 Schools on the Opioid Crisis
Authors: Kumbal Justin S. , Dzordzormenyoh Michael K.
Published: February 2023

As opioid misuse has become one of the leading causes of death among young people in the United States, research shows that state and local government leaders have increased efforts at combating the epidemic, largely focused on treatment and recovery services. Using data on local officials’ opinions and perspectives on the problems with opioid from the Center for Local, State, and Urban Policy (CLOSUP) at the University of Michigan, this study examined the extent to which local K-12 schools were associated with the perceived state of the opioid crisis. Results of a proportional odds model showed little evidence that the odds of the opioid crisis being better in a jurisdiction were higher when K-12 schools are perceived to be actively addressing the opioid issue. The findings of the study demonstrate the need for collaboration from stakeholders for both prevention and treatment to combat the opioid epidemic.
DIAGNÓSTICO DA FRATURA RADICULAR VERTICAL: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Carvalho Falcão Liziane , Muniz Ana Bessa , Lima Bessa Ellen Roberta , Rodrigues de Holanda Maria Aparecida , Soares de Castro Gisele de Fátima , Nascimento Carvalho Angela , Barbosa Macedo Samuel , Nolasco de Abreu Kleyton , Pereira Leite Lady Daiane
Published: February 2023

O objetivo do presente artigo foi identificar os principais fatores associados à fratura radicular vertical e, apresentar os principais métodos diagnósticos com ênfase na tomografia computadorizada, e comparar estudos quantitativos in vitro e in vivo, referente à sensibilidade, especificidade e precisão da técnica diagnóstica.  Foi realizada uma busca por artigos publicados entre 2011-2021 nas bases de dados Lilacs e Pubmed. Dos 446 registros encontrados, 38 artigos foram eleitos para fins de revisão bibliográfica intergativa.  Em relação aos sinais e sintomas, dor, fístula, abcesso ou inchaço periodontal, e radiolucências periapicais e halo em forma de J são achados comuns. A tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico foi evidenciada como método não-invasivo mais adequado para a detecção da fratura radicular. A técnica se destaca pela produção de imagens 3D de alta resolução que permitem a visualização precisa de linhas de fraturas. Em dentes com preenchimento por materiais radiopacos, tais como guta-percha e pinos metálicos, é comum ocorrerem distorções com produção de artefatos, que diminuem significativamente o poder diagnóstico.
Application of Big Data in Academic Libraries
Authors: Dr. Ganesh Ramdas Sanap
Published: February 2023

Digital era produces vast amounts of data which leads to advances in data storage and analysis and the emergence of the concept of big data. Big data will be an important resource used in academic research and to make data driven decision making. This paper provides an overview about the big data concept and its application in libraries. This paper aims to create an awareness amongst librarians about big data, its applications and the role of librarian in big data scenario.
जल व्यवस्थापनाची गरज (Need to Water Management)
Authors: Dr. नाथिराम लक्ष्मण राठोड
Published: February 2023

दिवसेंदिवसपाण्याचा प्रश्न बिकट होत आहे पाण्याची टंचाई लक्षात घेता जलव्यवस्थापनाची गरज निर्माण झाली आहे पूर्वीच्या काळी लोकसंख्या कमीअसल्यामुळे पाण्याचा वापर कमी होता वृक्षतोड होत नसल्यामुळे पर्जन्याचेप्रमाण पुरेसे होते औद्योगीकरण फारसे झाले नव्हते त्यामुळे पाण्याचा भीषणप्रश्न तेव्हा नव्हता पण वर्तमान काळात भारताची वेगाने वाढणारी लोकसंख्या,वाढते औद्योगीकरण, बागायतदार शेतीमुळे होणाऱ्या पाण्याचा मोठा उपसा, पाण्याचाअविचारीपणा ने बेसुमार केला जाणारा वापर, वाया जाणारे पाण्याचे प्रचंडप्रमाण, वृक्षतोडीमुळे पर्जन्याची कमी झालेले प्रमाण यामुळे दिवसेंदिवसपाण्याची बिकट समस्या होत आहे ही समस्या भविष्यात आणखी तीव्र होण्याचीशक्यता आहे म्हणून जल स्त्रोतांचे योग्य नियोजन व व्यवस्थापन करणे आवश्यकआहे जस्त्रोताच्या व्यवस्थापनाने पाण्याची मागणी व पाण्याचा पुरवठा यातसंतुलन साधता येणार आहे
मानवाच्या मूलभूतगरजांची निगडित असणारी महत्त्वाची बाब म्हणजे पाणी हवेनंतर जलावरण हीपर्यावरणातील एक महत्त्वाचे संपदा आहे पाण्याचा उपलब्धतेनुसार सजीवसृष्टीचा विकास होत गेला पृथ्वीतलावरील सर्वच सजीवांना पाण्याची गरजअपरिहार्य आहे पाण्याची उपलब्धता गरजेच्या तुलनेने दुर्मिळ होत चालली आहेपाण्याचा नियोजनबद्ध वापर न झाल्यामुळे पाण्याचा प्रश्न निर्माण होत आहेपाण्याची गरज व उपलब्धता यांच्या तफावत आहे जगाच्या बऱ्याच भागातहवेप्रमाणेच पाण्याचेही प्रदूषण झाल्यामुळे ते भरपूर उपलब्ध असूनही तसेनिरुपयोगच ठरत आहे त्यामुळे याचे व्यवस्थापन होणे गरजेचे आहे
The Influence of Reward and Sanctions, Job Rotation on Fraud with Religiosity as Moderating Variable
Authors: Basuki Ferry Hendro , Husein Hartina - , Ferdinandus Christy Evelyn
Published: February 2023

Setiap perusahaan berhadapan dengan resiko kecurangan yang tak terhindarkan. Survei ACFE (2016) menemukan bahwa, industri perbankan menjadi industri paling dirugikan akibat kecurangan setelah lembaga pemerintah. Berbagai upaya dilakukan untuk mengurangi tindakan kecurangan yang dilakukan perusahaan dengan menerapkan sistem pengendalian internal, membangun kultur organisasi yang tidak permisif dengan toleran atas kecurangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan bukti empiris: (1) apakah penghargaan dan sanksi berpengaruh terhadap kecurangan (2) apakah rotasi kerja berpengaruh terhadap kecurangan; (3) apakah Religiusitas memoderasi pengaruh hubungan penghargaan dan sanksi terhadap kecurangan; (4) apakah Religiusitas memoderasi pengaruh rotasi kerja terhadap kecurangan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah pegawai yang bekerja pada industri perbankan yang ada di kota Ambon. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 65 responden. Metode pengumpulan data melalui survei dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode Regresi Linear sederhana dan Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa: (1) penghargaan dan sanksi berpengaruh negatif terhadap kecurangan; (2) Rotasi kerja berpengaruh negatif terhadap kecurangan; (3) Religiusitas tidak memoderasi hubungan antara penghargaan dan sanksi terhadap kecurangan ; (4) Religiusitas tidak memoderasi hubungan antara rotasi kerja terhadap kecurangan.

Kata Kunci: Kecurangan, Penghargaan dan Sanksi, Rotasi Kerja, dan Religiusitas

 

Every company is subject to the inevitable risk of fraud. The ACFE survey (2016) found that the banking industry was the industry most disadvantaged due to fraud after government agencies. Various attempts have been made to reduce fraud by the company by implementing an internal control system, building organization culture that is not permissive with tolerance for fraud. This study aims to provide empirical evidence: (1) whether reward and influence on fraud (2) whether the effect of work affects fraud; (3) whether Religiosity moderates the effect of the relationship between rewards and punishment on fraud; (4) whether Religiosity moderates the effect of work on fraud. Research subjects are employees who work in the banking industry in Ambon city. The number of samples in this study were 65 respondents. The data survey method is through using a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used simple Linear Regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results of the research prove that: (1) rewards and punishment have a negative effect on fraud; (2) Job rotation has a negative effect on fraud; (3) Religiosity does not moderate the relationship between rewards and punishment against fraud; (4) Religiosity does not moderate the relationship between job rotation and fraud.

Keyword: Fraud, Reward and Punishment, Job Rotation and Religiosity
ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN THE SECTORAL ECONOMIC STRUCTURE THROUGH CALCULATION OF AMBON CITY STRUCTURAL CHANGE INDEX IN 2015-2020
Authors: Louhenapessy Desry Jonelda
Published: February 2023

By using the Structural Change Index, this study aims to analyze changes in the economic structure of Ambon City for period 2015-2020. From this analysis it can be concluded; Based on the calculation of the Structural Change index, there has been a change in the economic structure of Ambon City which is marked by the shift in the contribution of the primary sector to the secondary and tertiary sectors in the Ambon City economy.

The change by a sectoral shift from the primary sector to the secondary sector to the tertiary sector with an index of 0.64 percent, this means 0.64 percent of economic resources are allocated between sectors, where the tertiary sector develops faster than the primary and secondary sectors by using 0,64 percent of the total sectoral output in Ambon City.
THE EFFECT OF INFLATION AND ECONOMIC STRUCTURE CHANGES ON FARMER EXCHANGE VALUE (NTP) IN EASTERN INDONESIA
Authors: Tupamahu Maria Katje , Hanoeboen Bin Raudha , Rijoly Jacobus Cliff Diky
Published: February 2023

Recently, the relationship between farmer exchange rates and the variables that influence them still leaves debate and various empirical findings. In general, this study aims to 1) analyze inflation's effect on farmers' exchange rates in Eastern Indonesia. 2) Analyze the effect of changes in the agricultural sector's economic structure on the exchange rate of farmers in Eastern Indonesia. 3) Analyze the effect of farmer exchange rates in the previous year on farmer exchange rates in Eastern Indonesia. 4) Analyze the simultaneous effect of the inflation rate, changes in the economic structure, and the previous farmer exchange rate on farmers' exchange rate in Eastern Indonesia.

The analysis method used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. The quantitative analysis tool used is the Panel Data regression model. The data used is panel data from 12 provinces in Eastern Indonesia for the period 2010-2018. There are several approaches to estimating the panel data regression model, so it is necessary to carry out statistical tests to get the best and efficient regression parameters (BLUE, Best Linear Unbiased Regression). In this study, the panel data estimation technique selected based on the Chow test, LM test, and Hausman test is the Random Effect Model.

The results showed that changes in the agricultural sector structure and the lag of the farmer exchange rate were found to have a positive and significant effect on the exchange rate of farmers, while the inflation rate had a negative and significant effect on the exchange rate of farmers. In the end, local governments have a significant role in improving the agricultural sector's development, leading to increased welfare of farmers. Therefore, the existence of political will that sided with farmers is an essential factor in changing the agricultural sector's welfare.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE MONEY / M2 MONEY IN INDONESIA (DATA PERIOD Q1.2001 - Q4.2015)
Authors: Leasiwal Teddy Ch , Subhan Muhamad
Published: February 2023

This study aims to analyze the demand for money (broad money / M2) with a model that uses the condition of non-stationary data so that it can estimate the need for money in the economy. The period of data studied is from Q1.2001-Q4.2015. The analysis technique used is the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) by conducting data stationarity tests, cointegration tests, lag feasibility tests, VECM Estimates, Granger Causality Test, and Impulse Response Function analysis to determine the effect ofshock from other variables.

The results of this study indicate that: 1) GDP has a positive influence both in the short and long term on the money supply (M2); 2) Exchange rates or exchange rates also have a positive influence on M2; 3) Interest rates negatively affect M2;4) Inflation has a positive effect on M2.

 

Keywords: Money supply (M2), GDP, exchange rate / exchange rate, interest rates and inflation
LOCAL WISDOM-BASED LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES OF WOMEN HOUSEHOLDS IN CENTRAL MALUKU
Authors: Tutupoho Ali , Tupamahu Maria , Hahury Hendri Dony , Batkunda Lewi , Bokaraman Marnex , Matdoan Arsad
Published: February 2023

This study examines women’s activities which include production and reproduction activities in several economic sectors as a source of livelihood for the women in negeri Booi community. This study was done in a qualitative manner with a phenomenological approach, integrated with an institutional economic perspective in negeri Booi, Saparua island, Central Maluku. The key informants participated in this study were women who collected nutmeg, owners of dusung (garden), and saniri negeri (village government). The data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations and documentation. The results show that the activities done by the rural women in an effort to meet their household needs were production, reproduction, and access and control of resources. Further, local wisdom or tradition also played an important role in carrying out these activities, including bapilih tradition. It was a dominant factor influencing the efforts to meet the women’s household needs in negeri Booi. In addition, the bapilih tradition was also an effort of the negeri Booi community to save the poor from unsafe to safe conditions which were motivated by the tradition. Apart from being a “buffer”, the bapilihtradition had been an “informal insurance” for the women in negeri Booi to be able to carry out the activities to meet their household needs although the dusung was not theirs.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN PEDAGANG PADA OBJEK WISATA DI PULAU AMBON
Authors: Laitupa Azis , Oppier Hermi
Published: February 2023

This study aims to identify the factors that influence traders' income on tourism objects in Ambon Island. The research design used was descriptive qualitative research design, which was collected through interviews that in-depth through several key respondents determined using the purposive sampling method on tourist objects, in addition to various other secondary data as a supplement.

Production diversity is still lacking, trade service centers are still imperfect, distribution / logistics access, regional openness, economic institutions are not good, access to financial and credit institutions is good, but there must be attention in managerial management, which still needs to be optimized.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN, EKSPEKTASI PENDAPATAN DAN SELF EFFICACY TERHADAP MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA (Studi Pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Ekonomi Universitas Bhinneka PGRI Tulungagung)
Authors: Afifah Anna Mufidatul , SWH Maria Agatha
Published: February 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of entrepreneurship education, income expectations, and self-efficacy on interest in entrepreneurship by studying economic education students at the University of Bhinneka PGRI Tulungagung. Where this research was conducted with the type of quantitative research and hypothesis testing method using saturated sampling technique. Educational variables are measured from understanding to generate innovative ideas, increasing students' understanding of the attitude of an entrepreneur, activities that inspire students to become entrepreneurs, increasing student skills to develop business plans. Then income expectations are measured based on high income, unlimited income, the effect of the amount of income received, the effect of increasing and decreasing the income received. Furthermore, self-efficacy is measured by three indicators, namely magnitude, strength, and generality. As well as interest in entrepreneurship as measured by feelings of pleasure towards entrepreneurship, the desire to work independently, the desire to take on challenges, the desire to create something new. The sample used in this study was 54 respondents with data retrieval via google form. The results of the study show that entrepreneurship education, income expectations, and self-efficacy partially affect the interest in entrepreneurship.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN HARGA TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN DIMSUM RATU TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: Latif Febiana Fauziah
Published: February 2023

The development of fast food restaurants is very much encountered especially in Indonesia in this increasingly sophisticated era. Therefore, competing in the fast food business is very tight and is required to follow the pattern of technological developments and times. Service quality is a major factor in the success of a company and can also affect customer satisfaction because of the interaction between consumers and companies that can work together. In addition to service quality, price perception also affects customer satisfaction. This study aims to determine the effect of service quality and price on customer satisfaction at Dimsum Ratu Tulungagung. The data collection method used in this study is a questionnaire and data analysis using multiple linear regression. The results of the t-test research proved that (Service Quality X1) tcount > ttable (7.003 > 1.98472) and (Price X2) tcount > ttable (4.998 > 2.00856) it can be partially concluded that "there is an influence on service quality and price. on customer satisfaction at Dimsum Ratu Tulungagung". The F test shows that the value of Fcount (305.815) > Ftable (3.94). This shows that there is a positive influence of service quality and price variables on customer satisfaction at Dimsum Ratu Tulungagung. R2 is 0.860 or the effective contribution of the two independent variables, namely 86% of customer satisfaction and 14% is explained by other variables not examined.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKSI NELAYAN DI DESA LAHA KECAMATAN TELUK AMBON
Authors: Serang Mohamad Ratmasa , Hiariej Harvey
Published: February 2023

Analysis of the description for the indicator of maintenance costs obtained a total score of 134 which is included in the low criteria. The indicator of the cost of production expenditure on the capital variable obtained a total score of 268 which is included in the low criteria. for the number of workers obtained a total score of 270 which is included in the criteria for a little for a long time at sea, it is obtained a total score of 211 which is included in the medium criteria. for the indicator of the number of fishermen's production obtained a total score of 292 which is included in the criteria is quite high. Fishermen in Laha Village still use traditional fishing gear. This is because they do not have sufficient capital (investment) to develop their business with modern technology. Simultaneously, capital, labor, length of time at sea and climate affect production results. Partially, it shows that capital, labor, length of time at sea and climate have a two-way effect (positive and negative) on fisherman production. In this case, the variables of labor, length of time at sea and climate have a positive effect, while the capital variable has a negative effect on the production of fishermen. Based on the results of multiple regression analysis, the magnitude of the effect of capital, labor, time at sea, and climate on the production of fishermen in Laha Village is 68.3%. Meanwhile, the remaining 31.7% is influenced by other factors outside the model that are not discussed in this study.
Dietary methionine restriction attenuates cognitive dysfunction associated with sleep deprivation by promoting production of hydrogen sulfide, upregulating expression of BDNF and suppressing neuro-inflammation in rats
Authors: Li Min , Ouyang Bo , Peng Zhe , Liang Hao , Jiang Li
Published: February 2023

Introduction

In this study, we aimed to study the potential role of H2S and the application of dietary methionine restriction (DMR) in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in sleep deprived rat models.

Material and methods

The rat groups were established as a Control group, a sleep deprivation (SD) group, a SD + NaSH group and a SD + DMR group. Behavioral data was studied via Morris water maze test. TUNEL assay, real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to study the differences of cognitive impairment related genes and proteins in different rat groups.

Results

Path length and escape latency were higher in the sleep deprived rats compared with the control rats, which were subsequently recovered by the treatment of NaSH or DMR. Also, DMR most significantly recovered the cognitive impairment and neuron status of sleep deprived rats compared with the administration of NaSH. The elevated level of hippocampal Iba1 and H2S production was recovered by NaSH and DMR, and the expressions of hippocampal phenotypic-related genes including NOS, CD68, CD32 and CD206 mRNA also showed similar trend as hippocampal Iba1. Meanwhile, the increased relative expression of IL-6 and IL-4 were recovered by DMR in sleep deprived rats, while the reduced level of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) were elevated by the treatment of NaSH and MDR, with MDR exhibiting the most significant effect.

Conclusions

The application of DMR could attenuate cognitive dysfunction in sleep deprivation rats by upregulating the production of H2S and BDNF expression and alleviating neuro-inflammation responses.
A study of the diagnostic efficacy of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of perianal fistula and its complications
Authors: Anwar Hameed Arafath , Reddy Manikanta Yadala , Kumar Sanjeev , Durai Kalaivani , V Venkataratnam , Kumar Ramesh
Published: February 2023

Introduction

To determine the diagnostic efficacy of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of perianal fistula and its complications.

Material and methods

This is a retrospective study based on the data of 47 patients with a clinical diagnosis of perianal fistula, who had an MRI study performed on a 1.5-T GE Signa MR scanner. DWI sequences were done using 3 different b-values. Other routine MR sequences were included. The MR images were studied to compare the diagnostic efficacy of the DW MRI sequence and other sequences in diagnosing perianal fistula and its complications. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of abscesses and inflammatory soft tissue lesions were measured using ADC maps. The standard reference to obtain diagnostic efficacy was post-surgical data.

Results

Seventy-nine perianal fistulas were diagnosed in 47 patients who had undergone an MRI study. The sensitivity and specificity of different MR sequences in diagnosing perianal fistulas are T2 FSFSE: 92% sensitivity; DWI: 96% sensitivity; combined T2+DWI: 100% sensitivity; and post-gadolinium T1 FS has 100% sensitivity in diagnosing perianal fistulas. The mean apparent diffusion coefficient for the abscess in our study was 0.990 ± 0.05 × 10-3, and the mean apparent diffusion coefficient for an inflammatory soft tissue lesion was 1.440 ± 0.05 × 10-3. The optimal ADC cut-off for the abscess was 1.098 × 10-3 mm2/s showing 100% sensitivity and 93.8% specificity.

Conclusions

DW imaging is a reliable sequence to diagnose perianal fistula and its complications. Measurement of ADC values is reliable in diagnosing perianal abscess collection. DWI sequence helps patients with renal impairment in whom IV gadolinium is contraindicated.
CURRENT ISSUES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF PUBLIC DISCUSSIONS IN UZBEKISTAN
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Yuldoshev Azizjon
Published: February 2023

The article studies the problems of ensuring the openness and publicity of public discussions, taking into account the proposals and opinions of their participants and other issues of legal regulation of this area. In the study, legislative acts and practices of their application, foreign practice and scientific views in this area were studied, and sociological surveys were conducted. The author investigated the practice of holding public discussions by non-governmental organizations, citizens’ self-government bodies and the media, as well as state bodies, and sought to clarify the concept of “public discussions”. The article proves that the nationwide discussion of bills is a kind of public discussion, and the effectiveness of using online technologies in this process. The regularity of public discussion of draft legal acts in the study is associated with a detailed regulation of this process. With this in mind, recommendations were developed on the legal regulation of public discussions on other issues of social importance. Based on the results of the study, the author put forward practical proposals for the development of general rules for conducting public discussions, including the provision by state bodies of replies to the proposals of the participants in the discussion.
Spatial Distribution and Management of Muturu Cattle in Southwest Nigeria: Implications for genetic conservation
Authors: Ajayi F. T. , Akintayo O. I. , Tiamiyu A. K. , Omodele T. , Omotoso S. O.
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to identify the production locations of the Muturu breed of cattle which is an indigenous breed in Nigeria. The breed is endangered as the population has been reducing with time. To reverse this trend and enhance its conservation and renew production, its distribution and production constraints need to be documented. A survey was conducted in sixteen communities in Southwest Nigeria where sixty-eight Muturu cattle farmers were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Data obtained were analyzed using simple statistics. Results revealed that the age range of the rearers was between 31 and 60 years and majority of them are males (88.2%) with over 20 years experience. Many of the farmers had no formal training in cattle rearing and management while 4.4% had training in cattle production. The primary occupation of the rearers (63.9%) is farming while 36.1% had other  vocations apart from Muturu cattle farming. The farmers (55.8%) flock-mate their cattle while 27.9% of the farmers tether-mated their cattle. Average herd size was four, a low figure in relation to the few farmers rearing the Muturu breed in Southwest Nigeria. In order for this endangered cattle breed not to go extinct, efforts must be made towards its genetic conservation.

 

 

 

 

Cette étude visait à identifier les lieux de production de la race bovine Muturu qui est une race indigène au Nigeria. La race est en voie de disparition car la population a diminué avec le temps. Pour inverser cette tendance et améliorer sa conservation et renouveler sa production, ses contraintes de distribution et de production doivent être documentées. Une enquête a été menée dans seize communautés du sud-ouest du Nigeria où soixante-huit éleveurs de bétail Muturu ont été interrogés à l'aide d'un questionnaire structuré. Les données obtenues ont été analysées à l'aide de statistiques simples. Les résultats ont révélé que la tranche d'âge des éleveurs se situait entre 31 et 60 ans et que la majorité d'entre eux étaient des hommes (88,2 %) ayant plus de 20 ans d'expérience. Beaucoup d'agriculteurs n'avaient aucune formation formelle en élevage et gestion de bétail tandis que 4,4% avaient une formation en production bovine. L'occupation principale des éleveurs (63,9%) est l'agriculture tandis que 36,1% ont d'autres vocations en dehors de l'élevage bovin Muturu. Les agriculteurs (55,8 %) s'accouplent avec leur bétail tandis que 27,9 % des agriculteurs s'accouplent avec leur bétail. La taille moyenne des troupeaux était de quatre, un chiffre faible par rapport aux quelques agriculteurs élevant la race Muturu dans le sud-ouest du Nigeria. Pour que cette race bovine menacée ne disparaisse pas, des efforts doivent être faits pour sa conservation génétique.
Liquid and dry infant formula: advantages and disadvantages
Authors: Киосов А.Ф. , Пищальников А.Ю.
Published: February 2023

В статье приводится сравнение жидких и сухих детских смесей, главное отличие которых в том, что жидкие смеси – стерильный продукт, а сухие – нет. Стерильность смеси важна для недоношенных, маловесных, больных детей и младенцев с ослабленным иммунитетом. Сухая смесь может быть инфицирована бактериями Enterobacter sakazakii и Salmonella enterica, вызывающими заболевания у детей. Кроме стерильности, есть и другие отличия жидких и сухих формул. Преимущества жидких смесей состоят в том, что смесь готова к использованию, не требуется вода для приготовления, исключены ошибки разведения, происходит экономия времени и трудозатрат. Недостатки жидких смесей заключаются в ограниченности ассортимента, небольшом сроке годности, гликации белка и отсутствии в составе пробиотиков. Преимущества сухих смесей состоят в их широком ассортименте, возможности введения пробиотиков, длительном сроке годности. Недостатки сухих смесей заключаются в их нестерильности, необходимости разбавления водой с возможными ошибками разведения, затрате времени на приготовление. Во всем мире постепенно увеличивается спрос на готовые детские смеси. В настоящее время на нашем рынке присутствуют жидкие смеси для здоровых детей и для недоношенных младенцев. Отечественным производителем выпускаются уникальные жидкие лечебные формулы: комфорт, соевая и безлактозная смесь.

The article presents a comparison of liquid and dry infant formula. The main difference between liquid and dry infant formula is that liquid mixtures are a sterile product, and dry mixtures are a non-sterile product. The sterility of the mixture is important for premature and underweight children, sick infants and children with weakened immunity. The dry mixture can be infected with Enterobacter sakazakii and Salmonella enterica bacteria, which cause diseases in children. In addition to sterility, there are other differences between liquid and dry formulas. Advantages of liquid mixtures: the mixture is ready for use, no water is required for cooking, dilution errors are excluded, saving time and labor. Disadvantages of liquid mixtures: limited assortment, short shelf life, the presence of protein glycation, there are no probiotics in the composition. Advantages of dry mixes: a wide range, the possibility of introducing probiotics, a long shelf life. Disadvantages of dry mixes: the product is not sterile, water is needed, dilution errors are possible, time spent on preparation. There is a gradual increase in demand for liquid ready-made infant formula all over the world. Currently, liquid mixtures for healthy children and premature infants are offered on our market. The domestic manufacturer produces unique liquid therapeutic formulas: comfort, soy and lactose-free mixture.
The impacts of dust aerosol and convective available potential energy on precipitation vertical structure in southeastern China as seen from multisource observations
Authors: Zhu Hongxia , Li Rui , Yang Shuping , Zhao Chun , Jiang Zhe , Huang Chen
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The potential impacts of dust aerosols and atmospheric convective
available potential energy (CAPE) on the vertical development of
precipitating clouds in southeastern China (20–30∘ N, 110–125∘ E) in June, July, and August from 2000 to
2013 were studied using multisource observations. In southeastern
China, heavy-dust conditions are coupled with strong northerly winds that
transport air masses containing high concentrations of mineral dust particles, with
cold temperatures, and with strong wind shear. This leads to weaker CAPE on dusty
days compared with that on pristine days. Based on satellite observations,
precipitating drops under dusty conditions grow faster in the middle atmospheric layers
(with a temperature of between −5 and +2 ∘C) but slower in the
upper and lower layers compared with their pristine counterparts. For a given
precipitation top height (PTH), the precipitation rate under dusty
conditions is lower in the upper layer but higher in the middle and lower layers.
Moreover, the associated latent heating rate released by precipitation in the middle
layer is higher. The precipitation top temperature (PTT) shows a fairly good
linear relationship with the near-surface rain rate (NSRR): the linear
regression slope between the PTT and NSRR is stable under dusty and pristine
conditions. However, the PTT0 (the PTT related to rain onset) at the onset
of precipitation is highly affected by both the CAPE and aerosol conditions. On pristine
days, a stronger CAPE facilitates the vertical development of precipitation
and leads to a decrease in PTT0, at a rate of −0.65 ∘C per 100 J kg−1 of CAPE for deep convective precipitation (with a variation of 15 %) and at a rate of −0.41 ∘C per 100 J kg−1 of CAPE for stratiform
precipitation (with variation of 12 %). After removing the impacts of CAPE
on PTT, dust aerosols led to an increase in PTT0, at a rate of +4.19 ∘C per unit aerosol optical depth (AOD) for deep convective
precipitation and at a rate of +0.35 ∘C per unit AOD for stratiform
precipitation. This study showed clear evidence that meteorological conditions
and aerosol conditions combine to impact the vertical
development of precipitation clouds. A quantitative estimation of the
sensitivity of PTT to CAPE and dust was also provided.
Influence of air mass origin on microphysical properties of low-level clouds in a subarctic environment
Authors: Doulgeris Konstantinos Matthaios , Vakkari Ville , O'Connor Ewan J. , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Lihavainen Heikki , Brus David
Published: February 2023

Abstract. In this work, an analysis was performed to investigate how
different long-range transport air masses can affect the microphysical
properties of low-level clouds in a clean subarctic environment. The cloud
measurements included in situ and remote sensing ground-based techniques and
were conducted during eight Pallas Cloud Experiments (PaCEs) held in the
autumn between 2004 and 2019. Each PaCE was carried out at the Pallas
Atmosphere-Ecosystem Supersite, located in the Finnish subarctic region.
Two cloud spectrometer ground setups were installed on the roof of the
station to measure cloud microphysical properties: the cloud, aerosol and
precipitation spectrometer (CAPS) and the forward-scattering
spectrometer probe (FSSP). Air mass histories were analyzed using the
Lagrangian FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model (FLEXPART) in order to investigate the
differences between five distinct source regions (“Arctic”, “Eastern”, “Southern”,
“Western” and “Local”). We observed clear differences in the cloud microphysical
properties for the air mass source regions. Arctic air masses were
characterized by low liquid water content (LWC), low cloud droplet number
concentration (Nc) and comparatively large median volume and effective droplet diameter. The Western region (marine North Atlantic) differed from the Arctic by both higher Nc and LWC. The Eastern region (continental Eurasia) only had a little higher LWC than the Arctic but substantially higher Nc and a smaller droplet diameter. The Southern region (continental Europe) had high Nc and LWC and a very similar droplet diameter to the Eastern region. Finally, the relationship between Nc and droplet size (i.e., the Twomey effect) was characterized for the different source regions, indicating that all region clouds were sensitive to increases in Nc.
Lava-water interaction and formation of associated facies: a multidisciplinary study of the San Bartolo lava flow of Stromboli
Authors: Shajahan Rasia , Zanella Elena , Harris Andrew J L , Drovanti Lodovico , Robustelli Test Claudio , Calvari Sonia , Gurioli Lucia , Mana Sara , van Wyk de Vries Benjamin
Published: February 2023

Detailed rock magnetic, facies and textural analyses were carried out across the San Bartolo lava flow (Stromboli) to understand the flow dynamics of lava channel-fed 'a'a entering the water. Having been emplaced 3 ka, San Bartolo is the most recent lava flow field to have been emplaced beyond the Sciara del Fuoco, and underlies the inhabited area on the north-eastern side of the island. One of the remarkable features of the San Bartolo lava flow is the formation of several lobes due to the interaction with seawater. Field analysis shows three facies: 1. Stalling of flow fronts at the coastal interaction to form a littoral barrier to further flow, 2. Ramping of subsequently emplaced units behind this barrier, and creation of a degassed ponded volume, 3. Creation of tubes through the barrier to feed a seaward bench of pahoehoe. Around 12 lobes were identified. All the lobes show similar facies, but each lobe provides a case-type example of the emplacement history and the associated structures. For example, lobe 1 exhibits tube formation associated through the flow front barrier; while lobe 12 shows the formation of inflated pahoehoe lava. Preliminary AMS results show well-confined flow fabrics with a one-to-one relationship to field structures. The samples collected from ramped flow have vertical flow fabrics, while those from tube structures and inflated pahoehoe have horizontal fabrics. Preliminary palaeomagnetic data have characteristic remanent magnetisation (ChRM) directions for all the sampled lobes, with their a95 overlapping, suggesting rapid emplacement. In addition, the average ChRM direction falls in the geocentric axial dipole (GAD) field for Stromboli.
The footprint of iron-manganese limitation of the biological carbon cycle in a changing climate
Authors: Anugerahanti Prima , Tagliabue Alessandro
Published: February 2023

The importance of iron in driving net primary production (NPP) and the biological carbon pump across the Southern Ocean has been explored in numerous studies. However, the potential role for manganese, essential to oxygen production and combating oxidative stress, has not received the same attention despite the noted physiological inter-dependencies between iron-manganese and that both are strongly depleted in Southern Ocean. In the sixth climate model intercomparison project, earth system models (ESMs)  project increasing NPP in the Southern Ocean due to supply of additional iron, while the global trend shows a decline. Similar mechanisms also describe the role of the ocean carbon cycle during the last glacial maximum. However, under increasing iron supply, more manganese is required to fulfil phytoplankton growth, and the neglect of manganese limitation in ESMs can further increase the uncertainty of future NPP in the Southern Ocean under future or past climate change.Here we use a hierarchy of experiments with the state-of-the-art global ocean biogeochemical model PISCES-QUOTA, including explicit manganese limitation, to explore how the physiological traits govern iron and manganese stress in response to a changing climate. Our results show that manganese is deficient throughout much of the Southern Ocean, but iron is generally the limiting resource. Explicitly representing iron and Mn co-limitation through oxidative stress enhances the extent of manganese deficiency, especially for diatoms. Traits associated with photophysiological adaptation and management of oxidative stress may be unique in Antarctic plankton and are critical in modulating the footprint of both iron and manganese stress and hence the impacts on the carbon cycle in a changing climate. Overall, our results indicate that both iron and manganese are key determinants of the impact of climate change on the Southern Ocean, with a notable role for region-specific adaptive and acclimatory responses that require further constraint.
Aerosols to groundwater: DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) and 7-ODAA (7-oxodehydroabietic acid) as markers for anthropogenic emissions in the Hanich CZO
Authors: Zerfass Christian , Ueberschaar Nico , Pohnert Georg
Published: February 2023

Understanding biogeochemical processes in groundwater is paramount for safety management of our water supplies. The AquaDiva project has been investigating a groundwater probing site in central Germany to monitor hydrology, biology and dissolved organic matter (DOM) chemistry in a multiannual project (Küsel et al., 2016). As part of this, we are addressing how deep surface-derived signals can be traced on their passage through the critical zone and into the groundwater.We acquired a multiannual DOM data set from an untargeted liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) monitoring and have previously shown that fingerprints from mass-signals associate with water flows (Zerfaß et al., 2022). Using tandem mass spectrometry, we have now identified DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) and 7-ODAA (7-oxodehydroabietic acid, putative) in groundwater samples, compounds that are released to aerosols as insect repellent sprays and through conifer wood burning for heating, respectively. We show that these signals are found in groundwater throughout the year, but with elevated intensities in summer (DEET) and winter (7-ODAA), respectively, corresponding to their primary seasons of release.This demonstrates by the counter-periodic DEET and 7-ODAA patterns how surface-derived (aerosol) organic matter signals arrive in groundwater down to 88 m of sampling depths with intra-annual dynamics. ReferencesKüsel, K., Totsche, K.U., Trumbore, S.E., Lehmann, R., Steinhäuser, C., Herrmann, M., 2016. How Deep Can Surface Signals Be Traced in the Critical Zone? Merging Biodiversity with Biogeochemistry Research in a Central German Muschelkalk Landscape. Front. Earth Sci. 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2016.00032Zerfaß, C., Lehmann, R., Ueberschaar, N., Sanchez-Arcos, C., Totsche, K.U., Pohnert, G., 2022. Groundwater metabolome responds to recharge in fractured sedimentary strata. Water Res. 223, 118998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118998
The combined vulnerability: a novel hybrid index for the aquifer vulnerability assessment
Authors: Pomarico Irene , Fiori Aldo , Zarlenga Antonio , Catani Vittorio , Leone Guido
Published: February 2023

The aim of the present work is to extend the existing overlay and index method for aquifer vulnerability assessment to groundwater transport. This novel procedure falls into the category of “hybrid” methods since it combines the overlay and index methods, that considers only vertical transport through the vadose zone, with the horizontal transport through groundwater. Based on a simple probabilistic analysis, we can use any overlay and index method for the assessment of the probability that the contaminant reaches the groundwater then such probability is propagated within the aquifer using the piezometric surface as proxy of the groundwater flow. For this purpose, geomorphological methods, usually available in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software, were used. This study leads to the definition of a new index called combined vulnerability index υ which considers the transport of the contaminant from soil surface that takes care of both transport in the vadose zone and the aquifer. The procedure is applied to a groundwater catchment area in the Campania region (Southern Italy) with the use of QGIS software. The method is independent from the index and overlay method used and the hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer. Furthermore, this procedure is simple as it requires a few data and it can be used to analyze large areas, demonstrating its effectiveness in assessing the intrinsic vulnerability of groundwater.
Operationalising forecasting systems for rainfall-induced landslides in Bangladesh: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Ahmed Bayes , Sammonds Peter
Published: February 2023

Rainfall-induced landslides are a common natural hazard in hilly/mountainous regions worldwide. Almost every year, catastrophic landslides cause severe loss and damage to human lives, livelihoods, and critical infrastructure during the monsoon season in Bangladesh. Yet, Bangladesh has no operational landslide early warning systems (LEWS), and most risk mitigation works still focus on community-based preparedness and adaptation activities that are insufficient to confront the devastating nature of the hazard. Over the past ten years, we tried to develop and introduce a scientifically valid, automated and dynamic landslide forecasting system in Bangladesh, which is the fundamental and most critical component for building community trust and introducing a sustainable LEWS. However, several overarching challenges were identified, including a lack of real-time, continuous and historical data collection practice for landslide inventory and precipitation, institutional and stakeholders coordination, skilled human resources and funding; and the absence of policy-driven research and application of cutting-edge technologies such as drones, citizen science/apps, automated weather stations/rain gauges, and slope displacement monitoring sensors; quality, reliability and spatial and temporal representativeness of data; and quantifying uncertainties and regularly evaluating the different aspects (verification, calibration and prototypes) of the forecasting framework. In addition, most people involved in developing LEWSs fail to blend interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches in a multi-hazard (earthquakes, flash floods) and cascading disaster setting, address site-specific unique environments/needs and capture dynamic social vulnerability magnitudes, for example – conflict and humanitarian crisis; hill cutting, unplanned urbanisation and deforestation; and governance and cultural features. It is highly recommended to develop a novel state-of-the-art to tackle such underlying drawbacks in forecasting mechanisms before institutionalising a reliable, people-centred, end-to-end, and effective LEWS in a developing country context.  