bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turkish Adaptation of Change Fatigue Scale: A Study of Reliability and Validity
Authors: LİMON İbrahim
Published: August 2020

This study adapts “Change Fatigue Scale” into Turkish cultural context for potential uses in future empirical studies. It also aims to validate it for educational organizations, so the items were revised accordingly. There were three different study groups in the study. The first group included 33 English teachers and there were 150 teachers in the second and third study groups. First of all, a rigorous language adaptation process was carried out. Achieving language equivalency of the scale, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test the construct validity. As for reliability, Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient and items statistics were calculated. The findings showed that change fatigue scale had adequate psychometric properties when adapted into Turkish. A substantial theoretical contribution to the literature holds the significance of the current study. Additionally, the scale adapted into Turkish culture can be used in empirical studies in future and it can be a reference for further scale development efforts which can be regarded as the practical significance. The studies on change related constructs, organizational commitment, turn over intention, resilience and performance etc. can exploit the scale.
Is Surgery Really Necessary in Blood Cysts?
Authors: ÇERİK İdris Buğra , BEKTAŞ Osman , GÜNAYDIN Zeki , DERELİ Seçkin , KAYA Ahmet
Published: August 2020

Blood cysts are rare cardiac tumors. Although it is considered a benign pathology, it can also be associated with embolic events. We report 42-year-old woman who admitted to our clinic with the palpitation and dyspnea on exertion. Apical diastolic murmur was present in physical examination. On echocardiography mitral valve posterior leaflet had a typical 'domed' appearance in diastole while anterior leaflet was restricted in motion with a fibrocystic formation on the ventricular side, causing mild to moderate mitral stenosis. We decided medical follow-up with the patient choice and we have been following for two years without any complications.
Traditional Practices in Infant Care in Eastern Region of Turkey
Authors: YILMAZ YAVUZ Ayten , AKSOY DERYA Yeşim , GÖK UĞUR Hacer
Published: August 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to find out the traditional methods applied in infant care in Turkish culture.
Methods: This study is a descriptive study in a city in the east of Turkey between February and August 2017. Women who participated in the study were chosen with improbable random sampling method. The data were collected with questionnaire form by using face-to- face interview method. Descriptive statistics were used in data analysis
Results: The most common postnatal practices were reciting the azan to the infant’s ear (66.2%) and swaddling (44.4%). In addition, it was found that before the first feeding of the infant, azan was recited (16.2%) and honey was placed on the infant’s mouth (21.4%). The most common practice for the health care of the infant was to cover with a yellow cloth/muslin/blanket to prevent jaundice (47.6%), while the most common spiritual care practices were evil eye bead (37.1%) and to put a Koran on the cradle to prevent the infant from getting sick in the first 40 days (33.6%).
Conclusion: It was found that the puerperal women conducted traditional practices such as for umbilical stump to fall off, to prevent jaundice, to recover from jaundice, for moniliasis, for diaper rash, for cough, for diarrhea, for constipation, for fever, for gas for infants who cry and who are uneasy all the time, before the first feeding religious ritual in the infants care.
Ateu, graças a Deus: a crítica ao sacerdócio no cinema de Luis Buñuel
Authors: De Souza Fabiano Pereira , Ferrarraz Rogério
Published: August 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar como o cinema de Luis Buñuel lida com a devoção de protagonistas no exercício de algum grau no sacerdócio, especialmente o cristão, permeado pelo ateísmo do cineasta e pelo surrealismo em sua obra, já que os infortúnios da religiosidade são recorrentes como tema em sua filmografia. A partir dos conceitos de surrealismo e suas estratégias na construção audiovisual da desarticulação racional, três filmes com protagonistas sacerdotais são analisados em termos de quanto eles se alinham ou diferem daqueles atributos do movimento surrealista, em busca de particularidades. Os filmes são Nazarin (de 1959), Viridiana (de 1961) e Simão do deserto (de 1965). Eles também são comparados entre si e com as características surrealistas específicas e críticas da religião, recorrentes no trabalho do cineasta espanhol, a fim de observar em que medida elas se aplicam a cada um deles. Em todos os três filmes, as adversidades dos protagonistas reforçam a sensação de que sua devoção e seu sacrifício não podem tornar os beneficiários melhores nem realizar seus próprios planos. Na prática, a perspectiva supostamente isenta defendida pelo diretor reitera a inutilidade da fé, numa construção lógica que se afasta do princípio subconsciente surrealista, estratégia que somente Simão do deserto (de 1965) recupera claramente, embora mantendo a mesma tese.
Identidade profissional, tribo jornalística e dinâmicas divergentes de produção noticiosa: a narrativa de carreteras secundárias de Bru Rovira
Authors: Ventura Mauro De Souza , Abib Tayane Aidar
Published: August 2020

A partir de uma discussão teórica sobre a identidade profissional partilhada pelos membros da tribo jornalística, dedicamo-nos a compreender os saberes específicos que orientam a produção noticiosa da mídia hegemônica, com o intuito de traçar contrapontos e possibilidades alternativas à dinâmica profissional. Com base em um estudo interpretativo das reportagens do jornalista catalão Bru Rovira, compiladas especificamente em dois de seus livros – Solo pido un poco de belleza (ROVIRA, 2016) e Áfricas: cosas que pasan no tan lejos (ROVIRA, 2006) –, delimitamos os elementos da identidade por ele requerida, de ordem de uma contraposição no que toca às competências convencionalmente associadas à figura do jornalista, e sinalizamos os dispositivos narrativos dialógicos, complexos e compreensivos que, inscritos no universo do desacontecimento, conectam-se a esse propósito.
Poéticas do tempo na obra de João Anzanello Carrascoza: narrativa e estilo em Tempo Justo1
Authors: Silva Míriam Cristina Carlos , Hergesel João Paulo , Pichiguelli Isabella
Published: August 2020

Diante do fato de João Anzanello Carrascoza se destacar enquanto escritor de ficção para crianças e adolescentes, sobretudo com o livro Tempo Justo (2016), premiado pela Biblioteca Nacional, questiona-se: quais são as dimensões comunicacionais presentes nas representações poéticas sobre o tempo, encontradas na respectiva obra? Esta pesquisa, portanto, tem como objetivo geral compreender as possibilidades comunicacionais que se revelam a partir das representações poéticas do tempo, apresentadas em Tempo Justo. Para isso, utiliza-se como metodologia a análise das narrativas que compõem a obra, a partir dos seus elementos poéticos. Nossos principais referenciais teóricos são Lotman (1978), Paz (1982), Silva (2009) e Dravet (2015), para tratar da comunicação poética; e Baitello Jr. (2002), Romano (2002) e Ricoeur (1997), para as relações entre o tempo e a comunicação. A relevância deste trabalho encontra-se no apontamento da premência do poético e do tempo para o comunicar e no fortalecimento das investigações envolvendo narrativas midiáticas infantis e juvenis, sobretudo na literatura brasileira contemporânea.
Pink Orange Red: interpretação, sentido e presença nas canções da banda Cocteau Twins
Authors: Renner Aline Gabrielle , Conter Marcelo Bergamin
Published: August 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar alguns movimentos de busca por sentido nas letras da banda escocesa Cocteau Twins efetuados por fãs na internet. A pronúncia indecifrável da vocalista Elizabeth Fraser, assim como o fato de a banda ter raramente divulgado as letras oficiais de suas canções, gerou grande especulação em sites e fóruns acerca de seus “sentidos ocultos”. Num primeiro momento, propomos uma análise das interpretações da canção Pink Orange Red a partir dos conceitos de interpretação e superinterpretação de Umberto Eco. Em seguida, propomos pensar o método de composição de Fraser à luz da noção de “produção de presença”, de Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht. A reflexão sobre o tema permite o questionamento das experiências possíveis com o potencial esgotamento da fruição sensorial da música na busca de sentido em seu elemento textual.
AGREGA TANE BOYUTUNUN VE BAĞLAYICI TÜRÜNÜN GEÇİRİMLİ BETON ÖZELİKLERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: ÇELİKTEN Serhat , CANBAZ Mehmet
Published: August 2020

Hızlı
ve plansız kentleşme nedeniyle, şehirlerde azalan geçirimli alanlar yağmur ve
sel sularının tahliyesinde yetersiz kalmaktadır. Kent içi yol ve kaldırımlarda
geçirimsiz kaplamaların kullanımının yaygınlaşması da, kentlerde daha fazla sel
olaylarının görülmesine yol açmıştır. Bu nedenle özellikle kent içi yağmur ve
sel sularının hızlı bir şekilde tahliyesinin sağlanabilmesi için daha çevre
dostu ve sürdürülebilir çözümler üretilmelidir. Bu çözümlerden biri de
kentlerde geçirimli beton kaplamalarının yaygınlaştırılmasıdır. Geçirimli
beton, açık gözenek yapısı sayesinde üzerine gelen suları hızlı bir şekilde
tabii zemine aktarabilme özelliğine sahip yenilikçi bir özel beton türüdür. Son
yıllarda artan sel olayları nedeniyle önemi her geçen gün daha da artan
geçirimli betonlar hakkında daha çok akademik çalışma yapılmaya başlanmıştır.
Bu çalışmada da CEM I 42.5R ve CEM IV IV/B (P) 32.5 N çimentolarıyla 2-3 mm
aralığında ve 3-4 mm aralığında ince agregalar ile 7-8 mm aralığında iri
agregalar ayrı ayrı kullanılarak geçirimli betonlar üretilmiştir. Üretilen
geçirimli betonların birim ağırlık, ultrases geçiş süresi, eğilme dayanımı,
basınç dayanımı, aşınma direnci ve geçirimlilik özellikleri üzerine
betonlardaki iki farklı bağlayıcı türü (CEM I ve CEM IV) ile üç farklı agrega
tane boyutunun (2-3mm, 3-4mm ve 7-8mm) etkileri araştırılmıştır.
EFFECTS OF GENTAMICIN LOADED PCL NANOFIBERS TO CELL VIABILITY AND RELEASE RATE OF PLASMID DNA
Authors: CEYLAN Muhammet , YANG Shang-you , ASMATULU Ramazan
Published: August 2020

Polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber with constant plasmid DNA addition and with different concentration of gentamicin designed and studied for their effect on cell viability and release rate. PCL nanofibers were fabricated using electrospinning method with plasmid DNA and gentamicin addition. The plasmid DNA used in PCL nanofiber were extracted from E. coli. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that the nano-scale fiber structures have an average diameter of 113.9 nm. UV microplate reader confirmed the existence of plasmid DNA in the PCL nanofibers. Elisa reader study showed the addition of gentamicin in the fibers. Cell viability tests indicated that PCL nanofibers with 10% gentamicin on a fibroblast cell showed high cell viability, which is related to surface areas and pore size of the electrospun fibers besides to the interaction among gentamicin, plasmid DNA and electrospun fiber matrix.
IN THE CONTEXT OF TIME-INDEPENDENT PARAMETERS IN TWO QUANTUM SYSTEMS: QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT AND CORRELATIONS WITH NEGATIVITY MEASUREMENT
Authors: DERMEZ Rasim , TUNÇER Yilmaz
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we consider two phonons and three-level trapped ion in configuration forming Hilbert 12-space. The negativity and quantum correlations are revealed in trapped ion two phonon states system. Three values of LDP, = 0.006, =0.06 and =0.08 are given. The effects of the time-independent coupling in terms of the system, degree of quantum entanglement are investigated. Therefore, we have found the main optimal times for obtaining the high amount of entanglement with negativity.In this paper, we consider two phonons and three-level trapped ion in configuration forming Hilbert 12-space. The negativity and quantum correlations are revealed in trapped ion two phonon states system. Three values of LDP, = 0.006, =0.06 and =0.08 are given. The effects of the time-independent coupling in terms of the system, degree of quantum entanglement are investigated. Therefore, we have found the main optimal times for obtaining the high amount of entanglement with negativity.
Exploring Building Data from Multispectral and Single-Photon Lidar Systems
Authors: Zhu Lingli , Hyyppä Juha , Virtanen Juho-pekka , Yu Xiaowei , Kaartinen Harri
Published: August 2020

This paper investigated building data from multispectral and single-photon Lidar systems. The multispectral datasets from the individual channels and fused channels were explored. The multispectral and single-photon Lidar data were compared across multiple aspects: the data acquisition geometry, number of echoes, intensity, density, resolution, data defects, noise level, and the absolute and relative accuracy. In addition, we explored the performance of the multispectral and single-photon data for roof plane detection for eight complex/stylish buildings to investigate the suitability of these data for 3D building reconstruction. The building data from the single-photon and multispectral Lidar systems were evaluated with respect to the reference building vector data with an accuracy of better than 5 cm. The advantages and disadvantages of both technologies and their applications in the urban building environment are discussed.
Validation of A MS Based Proteomics Method for Milk and Egg Quantification in Cookies at The Lowest VITAL Levels: An Alternative to The Use of Precautionary Labeling
Authors: Monaci Linda , De Angelis Elisabetta , Guagnano Rocco , Ganci Aristide P. , Garaguso Iganzio , Fiocchi Alessandro , Pilolli Rosa
Published: August 2020

The prevalence of food allergy has increased over the last decades and consequently the food labeling policies have improved over the time in different countries to regulate allergen presence in foods. In particular, Reg 1169 in EU mandates the labelling of 14 allergens whenever intentionally added to foods, but the inadvertent contamination by allergens still remains uncovered topic. In order to warn consumers on the risk of cross-contamination occurring in certain categories of foods, a precautionary allergen labelling system has been put in place by food industries on voluntary basis. In order to reduce the overuse of PAL, reference doses and action limits have been proposed by the VITAL project representing a guide in this jeopardize scenario. Development of sensitive and reliable mass spectrometry methods are therefore of paramount importance in this regard to check the contamination levels in foods. In this paper we describe the development of a managed time MRM method based on a triple quadrupole platform for milk and egg quantification in processed food. The method was in house validated and allowed to achieve levels of proteins lower than 0.2mg of total milk and egg proteins respectively in cookies, challenging the doses recommended by VITAL. The method was finally applied to cookies labeled as milk and egg-free. This method could represent in perspective a promising tool to be implemented along the food chain to detect even tiny amounts of allergens contaminating food commodities.
Bovine Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) Outbreak Duration in Cattle Herds in Ireland: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Byrne Andrew William , Barrett Damien , Breslin Philip , Madden Jamie , O'Keeffe James , Ryan Eoin
Published: August 2020

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) outbreaks, caused by Mycobacterium bovis infection, are a costly animal health challenge. Understanding factors associated with the duration of outbreaks, known as breakdowns, could lead to better disease management policy development. We undertook a retrospective observational study (2012-2018) and employed Finite Mixture Models (FMM) to model the outcome parameter, and to investigate how factors were associated with duration for differing subpopulations identified. In addition to traditional risk factors (e.g. herd size, bTB history), we also explored farm geographic area, parcels/farm fragmentation, metrics of intensity via nitrogen loading, and whether herds were designated controlled beef finishing units (CBFU) as potential risk factors for increased duration. The final model fitted log-normal distributions, with two latent classes (k) which partitioned the population into a subpopulation around the central tendency of the distribution, and a second around the tails of the distribution. The latter subpopulation included longer breakdowns of policy interest. Increasing duration was positively associated with recent (<3 yrs) TB history and the number of reactors disclosed, (log) herd size, beef herd-type relative to other herd types, number of land parcels, area, and being designated a controlled finishing unit (“feedlot”), and having high annual inward cattle movements within the “tails” subpopulation. Breakdown length was negatively associated with year of commencement of breakdown (i.e. a decreasing trend) and non-significantly with the organic nitrogen produced on the farm (N kg/hectare), a measure of stocking density. The latter finding may be due to confounding effects with herd size and area. Most variables contributed only moderately to explaining variation in breakdown duration, that is, they had moderate size effects on duration. Herd-size and CBFU had greater effect sizes on the outcome. The findings contribute to evidence-based policy formation in Ireland.
Analysis of Stress, Anxiety and Depression of Children During COVID-19
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Samir , Dutta Shawni
Published: August 2020

Coronavirus is believed to have originated from a wet market in Wuhan, China, and has spread all over the world, resulting in a large number of hospitalizations and deaths. Social scientists are just beginning to understand its consequences on human behavior. One policy that public health officials put in place to help stop the spread of the virus were stay-at-home/shelter-in-place lockdown-style orders. Schools, Colleges and Universities across the country have now been shut down till now due to Covid-19. Some Governments in India impose lockdown to reduce the crises created by this unknown virus. It is now difficult to make final assessments by school, school leaving examinations and entrance tests for undergraduate and post-graduate courses. This disruption implies for students across the socio-economic spectrum, both in terms of learning outcomes , food and economic security. Here the aim is to discuss the implications of lockdown-induced in schools in both urban and rural areas in India.The whole world implemented a nationwide lockdown to curb the transmission of the virus. A survey was over Five hundred families to complete a questionnaire with questions around symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and family affluence. The humans who do not have enough supplies to sustain the lockdown were most affected Families with affluence were found to be negatively correlated with stress, anxiety, and depression. Stress, anxiety, and depression more than others are seen in students and healthcare professionals. The main aim of the paper is to find out how symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress on parents due to COVID-19.
From Neural Stem Cells (NSC) to Glioblastoma (GBM): A Natural History of GBM Recapitulated in Vitro
Authors: Almengló Cristina , Caamaño Pilar , Fraga Máximo , Devesa Jesús , Costoya José A. , Arce Víctor M.
Published: August 2020

Due to its aggressive and invasive nature glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive primary brain tumour in adults, remains almost invariably lethal. Significant advances in the last several years have elucidated much of the molecular and genetic complexities of GBM. However, GBM exhibits a vast genetic variation and a wide diversity of phenotypes that has complicated the development of effective therapeutic strategies. This complex pathogenesis makes it necessary the development of experimental models that could be used to further understand the disease, and also to provide a more realistic testing ground for potential therapies. In this report, we describe the process of transformation of primary mouse embryo astrocytes into immortalized cultures with neural stem cell characteristics, that are able to generate of GBM when injected in the brain of C57BL/6 mice, or heterotopic tumours when injected iv. Overall, our results show that oncogenic transformation is a fate for NSC if cultured for long periods in vitro. In addition, since no additional hit is necessary to induce the oncogenic transformation, our model may be used to investigate the pathogenesis of gliomagenesis and to test the effectiveness of different drugs throughout the natural history of GBM.
Bin1 Targeted Immunotherapy Alters the Status of the Enteric Neurons and the Microbiome during Ulcerative Colitis Treatment
Authors: Thomas Sunil , Mercogliano Giancarlo , Prendergast George
Published: August 2020

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common chronic disease of the large intestine. Current anti-inflammatory drugs prescribed to treat this disease have limited utility due to significant side-effects. Thus, immunotherapies for UC treatment are still sought. In the DSS mouse model of UC, we recently demonstrated that systemic administration of the Bin1 monoclonal antibody 99D (Bin1 mAb) developed in our laboratory was sufficient to reinforce intestinal barrier function and preserve an intact colonic mucosa, compared to control subjects which displayed severe mucosal lesions, high-level neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltration of mucosal and submucosal areas, and loss of crypts. Here we report effects of Bin1 mAb on colonic neurons and the gut microbiome that correlate with the benefits of treatment. In the DSS model, we found that induction of UC was associated with disintegration of enteric neurons and elevated levels of glial cells, which translocated to the muscularis at distinct sites. Further, we characterized an altered gut microbiome in DSS treated mice associated with pathogenic proinflammatory characters. Both of these features of UC induction were normalized by Bin1 mAb treatment. With regard to microbiome changes, we observed in particular that Firmicutes were eliminated by UC induction and that Bin1 mAb treatment restored this phylum including the genus Lactobacillus and Akkermansia as beneficial microorganisms. Overall, our findings suggest that the intestinal barrier function restored by Bin1 immunotherapy in the DSS model of UC is associated with a preservation of enteric neurons and an improvement in the gut microbiome, contributing overall to a healthy intestinal tract.
What Is Life? Are Viruses Living Entities?
Authors: Gomez-Marquez Jaime
Published: August 2020

What is life, what is the difference between something that is alive and something that is not, are viruses living beings, or what would life be like elsewhere in the universe, are questions that still do not have clear-cut answers fully accepted by the scientific community. Based on the fundamental attributes of all living things, I define life as a process that takes place in very ordered organic structures and is characterized by being automatic, interactive and evolutionary. I also define a living being as an organic, highly ordered, automatic, interacting and evolutionary system, and a robot as an ordered automatic and interacting system. Based on this definition and what we know about the biology of viruses, I maintain that they should be considered as living entities. Finally, I explain why if there were life elsewhere in the universe, it would be very similar to what we know on our planet.
At “Half Mask” or “Nose Commando:” A Note Demonstrating Nasal Breaths Can Spread Microorganisms When Improperly Wearing a Mask During COVID-19
Authors: Wolff Robert
Published: August 2020

Many individuals are wearing face masks improperly at ‘half mask’ and potentially breathing out microbes that can contaminate the air as well as anything below the nose. This note provides the first report that bacteria and fungi breathed out during nasal air exhalation are able to be cultured after landing on blood agar plates. The CFU’s are higher after both 10 breaths and extremely significant for 20 breaths compared to the control plates exposed to the air. Implications of this finding are that going ‘nose commando’ may be able to continue the spread of respiratory diseases such as COVID-19.
Evolutionary Insights into the Envelope Protein of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Rahman M. Shaminur , Hoque M. Nazmul , Islam M. Rafiul , Islam Israt , Mishu Israt Dilruba , Rahaman Md. Mizanur , Sultana Munawar , Hossain M. Anwar
Published: August 2020

The ongoing mutations in the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 is the major impediment for prevention and control of the COVID-19 disease. The envelope (E) protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a structural protein existing in both monomeric and homopentameric forms, associated with a multitude of functions including virus assembly, replication, dissemination, release of virions, infection, pathogenesis, and immune response stimulation. In the present study, 81,818 high quality E protein sequences retrieving from the GISAID were subjected to mutational analyses. Our analysis revealed that only 0.012 % (982/81818) stains possessed amino acid (aa) substitutions in 63 sites of the genome while 58.77% mutations in the primary structure of nucleotides in 134 sites. We found the V25A mutation in the transmembrane domain which is a key factor for the homopentameric conformation of E protein. We also observed a triple cysteine motif harboring mutations (L39M, A41S, A41V, C43F, C43R, C43S, C44Y, N45R) which may hinder the binding of E protein with spike glycoprotein. These results therefore suggest the continuous monitoring of each structural protein of SARS-CoV-2 since the number of genome sequences from across the world are continuously increasing.
Precise Catalyst Production for Carbon Nanotube Synthesis with Targeted Structure Enrichment
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Deng Ying , Graves Brian , De Volder Michael , Boies Adam
Published: August 2020

The direct growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with a narrow distribution of diameter or chirality remains elusive despite significant benefits in properties and applications. Nanoparticle catalysts are vital for SWCNT synthesis, but how to precisely manipulate their chemistry, size, concentration, and deposition remains difficult, especially within a continuous production process from the gas-phase. Here, we demonstrate the preparation of W6Co7 alloyed nanoparticle catalysts with precisely tunable stoichiometry using electrospray, which remain solid state during SWCNT growth. We also demonstrate continuous production of liquid iron nanoparticles with in-line size selection. With the precise size manipulation of catalysts in the range of 1-5 nm, and a nearly monodisperse distribution (σ_g < 1.2), an excellent size selection of SWCNT can be achieved. All of the presented techniques show great potential to facilitate the realization of single-chirality SWCNT production.
Storm-Induced Boulder Displacements: Inferences from Field Survey and Hydrodynamic Equations
Authors: Delle Rose Marco , Fidelibus Corrado , Martano Paolo , Orlanducci Luca
Published: August 2020

The storm of November 12th-13th, 2019 provoked the displacements of boulders in a central Mediterranean rocky coast; with reference to a selected area, prone to the boulder production and geomorphologically monitored for years, a field-oriented study approach was applied for the phenomenon, by collating data concerning pre-storm locations and kinematics of these boulders. The number of displaced boulders is 11, that is, in terms of morphological imprint of a specific storm, one of the major study cases for the Mediterranean. In addition, based on widely used hydrodynamic equations, the minimum wave height required to displace the boulders is assessed. The values conform with the expected values for the wave climate dominating during the causative meteorological event and give a measure of the energy of the storm slamming the coast. Boulder dislodgements usually have plays a key role in determining the rate of the coastal recession, likely also in the investigated area. In view of an adverse climate evolution with a possible increase of energy and frequency of severe storms, the results deriving from the study of this morphodynamics should be considered for the hazard assessment and coastal management.
Tribology of 2D Nanomaterials: A Review
Authors: Uzoma Paul С. , Hu Huan , Khadem Mahdi , Penkov Oleksiy V.
Published: August 2020

The exfoliation of graphene has opened a new frontier in material science with a focus on 2D materials. The unique thermal, physical and chemical properties of these materials have made them one of the choicest candidates in novel mechanical and nano-electronic devices. Notably, 2D materials such as graphene, MoS2, WS2, h-BN, and Black Phosphorus have shown outstanding lowest frictional coefficients and wear rates, making them attractive materials for high-performance nano-lubricants and lubricating applications. The objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of the most recent developments in the tribological potentials of 2D materials. At first, the essential physical, wear, and frictional characteristics of the 2D materials including their production techniques are discussed. Subsequently, the experimental explorations and theoretical simulations of the most common 2D materials are reviewed in regards to their tribological applications such as their use as solid lubricants and surface lubricant nano-additives. The effects of micro/nano textures on friction behavior are also reviewed. Finally, the current challenges in tribological applications of 2D materials and their prospects are discussed.
Intention of Tourism Practitioners to Behave Actively Prevent COVID-19 in Zhangjiajie
Authors: Tang Hongjiu , Liu Zhaoyin
Published: August 2020

(1) Background: This study examines the intention to behave actively prevent COVID-19 among local tourism practitioners by adopting an empirically validated norm activation model (NAM) of Schwartz and merging it with the Expectancy theory of Vroom; (2) Methods: The study aims to develops a theoretical framework for understanding the formation and predicting the change of personal protective intention to prevent COVID-19. Based on 514 valid responses from the field surveys; (3) Results: The author develops the refined model including 7 constructs and 26 observational items, and the results showed that the refined model has enjoys a better predictive accuracy of protective intention than the original NAM; and (4) Conclusions: The intention of preventing COVID-19 should needs wider public support and advocacy, and recognizing the change rule of improving behavioral intentions of preventing COVID-19 to maintain the safe tourism image of tourist attractions in Zhangjiajie is also beneﬁts for local tourism practitioners.
Targeted Modification of the Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus Genome for Quick Cell Culture Adaptation
Authors: Dill Veronika , Zimmer Aline , Beer Martin , Eschbaumer Michael
Published: August 2020

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes the highly contagious foot-and-mouth disease, which is characterized by the appearance of vesicles in and around the mouth and feet of cloven-hoofed animals. BHK21 cells are the cell line of choice for the propagation of FMDV for vaccine production world-wide but vary in their susceptibility for different FMDV strains. Previous studies showed that the FMDV resistance of a certain BHK cell line can be overcome by using a closely related but permissive cell line for the pre-adaptation of the virus, but the adapted strains were found to harbor several capsid mutations. In this study, these adaptive mutations were introduced into the original Asia-1 Shamir isolate individually or in combination to create a panel of 17 Asia-1 mutants by reverse genetics and examine the effects of the mutations on receptor usage, viral growth, immunogenicity and stability. A single amino acid exchange from glutamic acid to lysine at position 202 in VP1 turned out to be of major importance for productive infection of the suspension cell line BHK-2P. In consequence, two traditionally passage-derived strains and two recombinant viruses with a minimum set of mutations were tested in vivo. While the passaged-derived viruses showed a reduced particle stability, the genetically modified viruses were more stable but did not confer a protective immune response against the original virus isolate.
Is Rainwater Harvesting Sufficient to Satisfy The Emergency Water Demand for The Prevention of COVID-19? The Case of Dilla town, Southern, Ethiopia
Authors: Kanno Girum Gebremeskel , Lagiso Zemachu Ashuro , Abate Zeleke Girma , Areba Abereham Shiferaw , Van Wyk Renay , Aregu Mekonnen Birhanie
Published: August 2020

Rainwater harvesting could be an optional water source to fulfil the emergency water demand in different setups. The aim was to assess if the rainwater harvesting potential for households and selected institutions were sufficient to satisfy the emergency water demand for the prevention of COVID-19 in Dilla town, Southern, Ethiopia. Rain water harvesting potential for households and selected institutions were quantified using 17 years’ worth of rainfall data from Ethiopian Metrology Agency. With an average annual rainfall of 1464 mm, households with 40 and 100 m2 roof sizes have a potential to harvest between 15.71-31.15 m3 and 41.73-82.73 m3 of water using Maximum Error Estimate. Meanwhile 7.2-39.7 m3 and 19.11-105.35 m3 of water can be harvested from the same roof sizes using Coefficient of Variation for calculation. Considering mean monthly rainfall, the health centres and Dilla University can attain 45.7% and 77% of their emergency water demand, while the rest of the selected institutions in Dilla Town can attain more than 100 % of their demand using only rainwater. Rain water can be an alternative water source for the town in the fight against COVID-19.
Study on Anisotropic Strange Stars in f(T,T) Gravity
Authors: Salako Ines G. , Khlopov M. , Ray Saibal , Arouko M.Z. , Saha Pameli , Debnath Ujjal
Published: August 2020

In this work, we study the existence of strange star in the background of f(T,T) gravity in the Einstein spacetime geometry, where T is the torsion tensor and T is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. The equations of motion are derived for anisotropic pressure within the spherically symmetric strange star. We explore the physical features like energy conditions, mass-radius relations, modified TOV equations, principal of causality, adiabatic index, redshift and stability analysis of our model. These features are realistic and appealing to further investigation of properties of compact objects in f(T,T) gravity as well as their observational signatures.
Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Probing Prompting Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Pada Materi Larutan Elektrolit dan Non Elektrolit
Authors: Sarinawati
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was for knowing whether there was a difference and an effect of Probing Prompting Learning model toward student critical thinking ability. It was a quasi-experimental research, using experimental and control groups that would determine the difference of two variables. There were two sample classes—the tenth-grade students of MIA 4 (experiment) that were 28 students taught by using Probing Prompting Learning model and 28 students of MIA 5 (control) taught by using conventional learning. Collecting the data was done by using written posttest, and the obtained data were analyzed by using Independent sample t-test and Simple linear regression test. Based on the result of processing the final data, it was obtained the score of Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 that was lower than 0.05 (0.000<0.05). It could be concluded that Ha was accepted and H0 was rejected. It meant that there was a difference between Probing Prompting Learning model and conventional learning toward student critical thinking ability. The equation of the regression was Y=56.658+0.351 X. It could be known that the score of the significance (sig.) 0.001 was lower than the probability 0.05 (0.001<0.05), so it could be concluded that Ha was accepted and H0 was rejected. It meant that there was an effect of Probing Prompting Learning model toward student critical thinking ability at the tenth grade of Senior High School of Muhammadiyah 1 Pekanbaru.

KeywordsProbing Prompting Learning, Critical Thinking, Electrolyte and Non-Electrolyte Solution
Desain dan Uji Coba Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) Berbasis Probing-Prompting pada Materi Sistem Periodik Unsur
Authors: Rohman Rini Karsini , Ritonga Pangoloan Soleman
Published: August 2020

This research is motivated by students' chemical mastery in learning is still low, especially for abstract concept/theory material. This can be seen from students being less active and lacking memory in following the learning process.  In addition, schools only rely on textbooks that make students less interested in learning and there is no student workbook to support students' understanding. This research aimed at knowing the appropriateness of the instructional media design in the form of Probing-Prompting based student workbook on Periodic System of the Elements lesson.  It was administered at State Islamic Senior High School 1 Pekanbaru.  It was R&D (Research and Development) with 4-D model, and it was limited to 3 models—define, design, and development.  The subjects of this research were the experts of material, the experts of media, and the experts of language, Chemistry subject teachers, 10 students at the tenth grade of MIA 1.  The object was Probing-Prompting based student workbook on Periodic System of the Elements lesson.  The research findings showed that Probing-Prompting based student workbook was appropriate to be used and it was based on the results of validity and practicality levels.  The percentage of validity level obtained was 85.78% (very valid) and the practicality level was 85.33% (very practical).  Based on theses results, it could be identified that Probing-Prompting based student workbook could be tested further.

KeywordsStudent Workbook, Probing-Prompting, Periodic System of the Element
Опыт изучения коллективного и персонального иммунитета к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 у медицинских работников
Authors: Решетникова Ирина , Тюрин Юрий , Агафонова Елена , Куликов Сергей , Гилязутдинова Гульнара , Лопушов Дмитрий , Шайхразиева Наталья , Исаева Гузель , Зиатдинов Васил
Published: August 2020

Проведено выборочное изучение серопревалентности к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 среди 348 медицинских работников (МР) 10 медицинских организаций г. Казани: многопрофильных стационаров, которые были перепрофилированы для оказания медицинской помощи больным коронавирусной инфекцией (МС 1-7), станции скорой медицинской помощи (СМП1), медицинской организации, осуществляющей амбулаторно-поликлиническую деятельность (АПП1) и специализированной поликлиники (СП1). Для определения IgG использовался твердофазный ИФА. Доля МР различных медицинских организаций г. Казани серопревалентность по IgG антителам к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 составляет 16,4 %. Широкое варьирование значения серопревалентности групп МР различных медицинских организаций (3.3-30.8%) может свидетельствовать о разном уровне эффективности противоэпидемических мероприятий в данных учреждения. Сравнительно низкая доля положительных анализов на антитела к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 у МР специализированной поликлиники (6.1%) может свидетельствовать об эффекте весеннего карантина. В целом по группе МР с серопозитивными результатами отмечается превалирование доли с очень высоким коэффициентом позитивности (49,1%), что характеризует высокую напряжённость иммунного ответа. Отмечена корреляция между величиной серопревалентности у МР медицинской организации с долей положительных сывороток, показавших большие коэффициенты позитивности.
The effectiveness of local wisdom-based static fluid modules in the wetlands environment
Authors: Wati Mustika , Misbah Misbah , Haryandi Surya , Dewantara Dewi
Published: August 2020

This study aims to describe the effectiveness of static fluid module based on local wisdom in the wetlands environment. This study is a research and development study and uses the 4D model modified. The effectiveness of the module is measured using a learning outcome test. The subjects of this study were sixty grade XI students from two public high schools in Banjarmasin city. The result of the analysis showed that the effectiveness of teaching materials have a medium category. The result indicates that the static fluid module based on local wisdom in the wetland environment is effective so that they can be used in the learning process in the classroom, at the high school level.
Custo-efetividade do uso do dispositivo de by-pass trabecular (iStent® Trabecular Micro-Bypass) associado a cirurgia de catarata para o tratamento conjunto do glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto e da catarata sob a perspectiva do Sistema de Saúde Suple
Authors: Guedes Ricardo Augusto , Pepe Camila , Teich Vanessa , Gravina Daniela , Guedes Vanessa Maria , Chaoubah Alfredo
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar se a incorporação do implante trabecular iStent® Trabecular Micro-Bypass é custo-efetiva para o tratamento do glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto (GPAA) em pacientes que serão submetidos a cirurgia de catarata sob a perspectiva do Sistema de Saúde Suplementar no Brasil. Métodos: Foi elaborado um modelo analítico de Markov, cujos custos foram obtidos a partir da perspectiva da saúde suplementar brasileira (custos médicos diretos). A efetividade foi medida em “anos de vida livres de progressão (PFLY)”. O horizonte temporal foi a expectativa de vida média da população brasileira. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da revisão e da análise crítica da literatura. O caso base foi: portadores de GPAA e catarata submetidos a cirurgia de catarata isolada e manutenção do uso de colírios antiglaucomatosos. Testou-se se a incorporação do iStent® Trabecular Micro-Bypass nesse cenário seria custo-efetiva. A medida de desfecho foi a razão de custo-efetividade incremental (RCEI: R$/PFLY). Realizou-se análise de sensibilidade univariada e probabilística para testar a robustez do modelo. Resultados: A incorporação do iStent® Trabecular Micro-Bypass gera um aumento dos custos inicialmente, mas melhora o controle da doença, tornando o glaucoma estável por mais tempo e diminuindo os custos futuros relacionados à progressão da doença. A RCEI foi de R$ 5.491,99/PFLY. O modelo mostrou-se robusto nas análises de sensibilidade. Conclusão: Esta análise sugere que a incorporação do implante iStent® Trabecular Micro-Bypass combinado com a cirurgia de catarata seria custo-efetiva para o tratamento conjunto da catarata e do GPAA no cenário da saúde suplementar no Brasil.
The use of pre-operative virtual reality to reduce anxiety in women undergoing gynaecological surgeries: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Chan Jason Ju In , Yeam Cheng Teng , Kee Hwei Min , Tan Chin Wen , Sultana Rehena , Sia Alex Tiong Heng , SNG Ban Leong
Published: August 2020

Background: Pre-operative anxiety is common and is associated with negative surgical outcomes. Virtual reality (VR) is a promising new technology that offers opportunities to modulate patient experience and cognition and has been shown to be associated with lower levels of anxiety. In this study, we investigated changes in pre-operative anxiety levels before and after using VR in patients undergoing minor gynecological surgery. Methods: Patients who underwent elective minor gynecological surgeries in KK Women’s and Children’s hospital, Singapore were recruited. The VR intervention consisted of 10-minute exposure via a headset loaded with sceneries, background meditation music and breathing exercises. For the primary outcome of pre-operative anxiety, patients were assessed at pre- and post-intervention using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Secondary outcomes of self-reported satisfaction scores and EurQol 5-dimension 3-level (EQ-5D-3L) were also collected. Results: Data analysis from 108 patients revealed that HADS anxiety scores were significantly reduced from 7.2 ± 3.3 pre-intervention to 4.6 ± 3.0 post-intervention (p<0.0001). Furthermore, HADS depression scores were significantly reduced from 4.7 ± 3.3 pre-intervention to 2.9 ± 2.5 post-intervention (p<0.0001). Eighty-two percent of the patients self-reported VR intervention as ‘Good’ or ‘Excellent’. EQ-5D-3L showed significant changes in dimensions of ‘usual activities’ (p=0.025), ‘pain/discomfort’ (p=0.008) and ‘anxiety/ depression’ (p<0.0001). Conclusions: For patients undergoing minor gynecological procedures, the VR intervention brought about a significant reduction in pre-operative anxiety. This finding may be clinically important to benefit patients with high pre-operative anxiety without the use of anxiolytics. Trial registration: This study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov registry (NCT03685422) on 26 Sep 2018.
Qualitative Evaluation of the General Practitioner Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Training Programme
Authors: Zhang Chunyu , Fang Fang , Peng Mingqiang , Zhao Ying , Liu Ruixue , Jia Cunbo
Published: August 2020

Background: In China, general practitioners have limited ability to provide care for common chronic non-communicable diseases because they lack postgraduate training. In an attempt to improve general practitioners’ skills in this regard, the present authors previously launched the Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Training Programme. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this programme.Methods: Thirty-nine trainee general practitioners who participated in the programme underwent semi-structured interviews, which explored how they performed the training, what they achieved from the programme, and their suggestions for future programmes. The interview data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach.Results: Under the guidance of supervisors, the thirty-nine trainee general practitioners completed the structured but individualised training plan, which comprised a four-day basic theory class, three months practising in a ward, and six months assisting in an outpatient clinic. They reported an improvement in their ability to provide care for chronic non-communicable diseases and perform two-way referral, as well as their communication with patients. They also reported that, since returning to their communities, they had become more confident, were building better relationships with their patients, and had changed their clinic behaviours from copying prescriptions to making medical decisions independently. Their principal suggestion for the training programme was to alter the order of the training, as they preferred to practice in the ward before assisting in the outpatient clinic.Conclusion: The course comprised a learner-centred, practice- and apprenticeship-based, general-practitioner training programme. Given the participants’ progress and the beneficial effects of the programme reported in the interview data, it appears to be worthwhile to extend the General Practitioner Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Training Programme.