bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Civil/political society, protest and fasting: the case of Anna Hazare and the 2011 anti-corruption campaign in India
Authors: Davies Andrew
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines the August 2011 New Delhi fast against corruption conducted by Anna Hazare. The fast was the largest political mobilisation in India for many years, and attracted widespread coverage. It is argued that approaching this fast as a protest camp has the potential to create a more contextually grounded and nuanced understanding of the events surrounding the fast. The chapter does this by examining the conceptual debate about civil society that structured many commentaries on the fast. These were often based on Partha Chatterjee’s concept of ‘political society’, in which ‘civil’ society is seen as an élite zone which excludes marginal communities who instead occupy ‘political’ society. Whilst conceptually useful, the chapter argues that a protest camps-based approach helps to interrogate the divide between civil/political society, and that such an approach to the Anna Hazare fast would create space for more ethnographic, grounded accounts of political practise.
From protest camp to tent city: the ‘Free Cuvry’ camp in Berlin-Kreuzberg
Authors: Rollmann Niko , Frenzel Fabian
Published: September 2017

This chapter discusses the case of the Free Curvy Occupation in Berlin-Kreuzberg. A protest camp against gentrification, the Free Cuvry Occupation also became a shelter for some of Berlin’s poorest inhabitants, who found shelter and relative security on the squatted vacant lot. The chapter considers the dual character of Free Cuvry as a protest camp and a homeless tent city against the backdrop of ongoing discussions over the ability of protest camps to provide care and support for destitute urban dwellers. The Free Cuvry case shows that protesting against gentrification while also providing shelter for homeless people is a unique and potentially powerful tactic of urban social movements. The case however also shows the limits and the difficulties of reconciling both characteristics. Highlighting the need for forming pragmatic coalitions and responding to political opportunities, the chapter provides some reflection regarding the viability of this tactic.
Political education in protest camps: spatialising dissensus and reconfiguring places of youth activist ritual in Mexico City
Authors: Crane Nicholas Jon
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines how young protest campers in post-1968 Mexico City engage in political education to the effect of reconfiguring places of ritualized activism and cultivating spaces of politics. The analysis identifies two countervailing processes: 1) political education creatively drawing on material and symbolic resources that sediment in places to intensify political antagonism, and 2) political education paradoxically reifying sedimented identities and vocabularies through which state power is exercised. The focus on young protest campers channelling their activism through categories by which the 1968 student movement and its repression are commemorated reveals that this mode of social reproduction may maintain a police order protest campers ostensibly converge to disrupt. It also shows that, for young people channelled along a lifecourse trajectory towards adulthood, political education may enable young activists to creatively articulate solidarities for more thoroughgoing disruption of state power.
Future tents: protest camps and social movement organisation
Authors: Frenzel Fabian , Brown Gavin , Feigenbaum Anna , McCurdy Patrick
Published: September 2017

This chapter concludes the volume by highlighting key themes that have run through the book and the case studies of diverse contemporary and historical protest camps contained within it. The chapter recognises that protest camps have come into being motivated by a diverse range of political imperatives and that these political motivations, as much as local context, shape the form that specific protest camps take. The conclusion reaffirms the importance of studying the infrastructural arrangements through which protest camps function. It highlights several of the contradictions posed by protest camping – both around the valorisation of territory and the act of camping itself, and the tensions arising out of attention to social reproduction and care within camps. Finally, the conclusion reflects on some of the gaps in existing research highlighted by the book, and outlines priority areas for future protest camps research.
Dancing with strangers: observing play in an English urban square
Authors: Coppard Hattie
Published: September 2017

This is a study of children’s play in an urban square as documented and shared through the lens of a dancer, a writer and a painter. The artists’ diverse modes of observation, perception and description revealed profound differences in how children and adults inhabit space and drew attention to the effect of children’s play on the culture of a public square. Using Ingold’s (2007, 2011) concept of lines of movement, Winnicott’s (1971) theory of transitional phenomena and Massey’s (2005) ideas on public space, these findings are discussed in relation to movement and presence, objects and imagination, co-existence and co-formation. The chapter explores how engaging with creative practitioners in the research process, and paying attention to subjective and embodied ways of knowing, can offer something more to traditional methodologies used to observe and represent play, and how this can add to the debate on the management and design of a child-friendly public realm.
Therapeutic playwork: exploring playworkers’ perceptions of therapeutic playwork training and its usefulness in supporting children in afterschool clubs
Authors: Hawkes Claire
Published: September 2017

This study developed from observations that playworkers in after school clubs in a county in the south of England were struggling to respond to what they saw as challenging behaviour. The study used a hybrid of participatory action research and ethnography in order to extend playworkers’ understanding of Sturrock and Else’s (1998) model of therapeutic playwork and explore their perceptions of its usefulness in after school settings. Playworkers attended introductory training on Sturrock and Else’s (2005) model of therapeutic playwork and then reflected on their practice. They articulated a different understanding of challenging behaviour, seeing it as children playing out latent material or strong emotions, expressing transference, or manifesting a breakdown in the play process. Participants believed they became more reflective practitioners, more able to read the play process and more self-aware, and they advocated championing this perspective to other practitioners.
What do we want research in children’s play to do?
Authors: Russell Wendy , Lester Stuart , Smith Hilary
Published: September 2017

This chapter puts to work concepts from new materialist, posthuman, Deleuzian and post-qualitative methodologies (Barad, 2007; Keevers, 2009; Lather, 2013; Coleman and Ringrose, 2014) to offer a ‘diffractive’ account of the studies in this book and what these might mean for research in children’s play. Rather than ‘reflecting’ (attempting to fix an accurate mirror image of the studies and their meaning), it draws on a different optical metaphor of ‘diffraction’ that aims to read a number of contexts, concepts, approaches and meanings through each other. In particular, it reads the multiple approaches presented in these studies through the current policy context for both research and public/children’s services, to explore what the situated, contingent, messy and incomplete stories told here might mean for articulating how adults work to support children in co-creating time/spaces where playfulness can emerge.
Beyond neoliberalism, or life after capitalism? A red-green debate
Authors: Benton Ted
Published: September 2017

This chapter sets out the ‘Red-Green’ alternatives which combine environmental and socialist perspectives and policies irreconcilable with the logic of market capitalism. ‘Red’ is taken to stand for the struggle for social justice and ‘Green’ for defence of the environment, including, of course, the effects of climate change. The chapter discusses these issues in the international as well as the British context. It contends that the green movement’s more radical wings offer the most complete, alternative to neoliberalism’s ‘full spectrum dominance’ and the chimera of ‘sustainable capitalism’. ‘Social greens’ advocate a profound shift in values, decentralised decision making, more participative democracy, and localised instead of corporate and international market economies. Further, the chapter argues for the development of a positive, non-exploitative relationship between people and non-human nature and, similar to Coote in chapter 2, for convivial interactions reflecting an ‘alternative hedonism’ to inflated commercially-based consumerism. Such a mutually beneficial and pleasurable social relationship offers the positive psychological and cultural dimension to the ‘Red-Green’ project that the stark demand to take less of the earth’s resources lacks.
The democratic deficit: institutional democracy
Authors: O’Donnell Mike
Published: September 2017

The central argument of this chapter is that to achieve the various radical and progressive goals O’Donnell and the book’s other contributors propose, will require a further extension and institutionalisation of democratic participation. A historical overview establishes democratic participation as inherent to the radical trilogy of liberty, equality and solidarity. This chapter proposes a fourth element in the development of democracy in addition to the legal, political and social democratic rights outlined by Thomas Marshall. The term used to describe this is institutional democracy which is defined as the maximum practical involvement of people, including in decision making and reward distribution, in the institutions that affect their lives. Direct democracy is the ‘ideal’ form of institutional democracy but the term also applies to a much more extensive deepening of democracy from, for example, establishing school councils at the micro level to reforming and renaming the House of Lords at the macro level. Institutional democracy therefore builds on the concept and practice of participatory democracy but is wider in scope and demands secure and generally legal, implementation.
The limits of neoliberalism? Austerity versus social policy in comparative perspective
Authors: Farnsworth Kevin , Irving Zoë
Published: September 2017

In their chapter Kevin Farnsworth and Zoë Irving place the UK in comparative context. They examine the workings of the austerity frameworks with which neoliberal states and inter-governmental agencies, such as the IMF, have sought to maintain neo-liberal economics by undermining the remaining elements of social democratic welfare state regimes. Their analysis reveals considerable variation amongst these welfare states and also division and ambivalence amongst the governance bodies overseeing austerity. By identifying countries like Iceland, which have successfully resisted and even partially reversed austerity programmes, Farnsworth and Irving suggest that austerity may not constitute a further entrenchment of neo-liberalism but perhaps the cusp of a shift away from its key principles.
The corporate cuckoo in the neoliberal nest: reconnecting civil society with big business
Authors: Jones Bryn
Published: September 2017

As this book’s Introduction explains, corporations and their controllers have been the principal, organisational beneficiaries of neo-liberal ‘freedoms’. In his chapter Jones describes the abuses of their enhanced powers and the protest campaigns which this aggrandizement has generated from social movement and civil society organisations. Jones identifies the gradual shift in these campaigns from pressure for corporate social responsibility (CSR) to more radical demands for corporate accountability. After reviewing the reform proposals of these and other advocates, he isolates the shareholder ‘ownership’ as the Achilles heel of executive and therefore, corporate power; at least in the UK. He identifies relatively modest proposals to adopt Swedish-style accountability to investors; provided these reforms include a guaranteed role for the small investors which could include civil society representatives and ‘stakeholders’ such as trade unions. Reforms which could concretise the Polanyian forms of social re-embedding set out in O’Donnell’s and other chapters, particularly the Conclusion to this book.
Avoiding ‘back to the future’ policies by reforming the ‘foundational economy’
Authors: Johal Sukhdev , Moran Michael , Williams Karel
Published: September 2017

Johal, Moran and Williams outline a complementary strategic policy for business accountability to those of Jones and Cumbers. Criticising unrealistic ideas for state control of an increasingly nebulous and fragmented ‘national economy’, they point to the massive potential relevance of a ‘foundational economy’ of locally-based utilities and service provision. These sectors, which range from the ’para-statal’ outsourced public services into informal sectors, such as family care, employ up to a third of the UK workforce; often as low-paid – and female – workers. These concerns are mainly sheltered from the major pressures of international markets but many depend upon approval and quasi-regulation from public and local authorities; for example local council planning permission for retail establishments. So Johal et al recommend a form of re-embedded social accountability for these sectors, through forms of business licensing that is conditional on meeting key social criteria in community responsibility; e.g. for sourcing, training and payment of living wages. A national ‘constitutional settlement’, involving democratic deliberation and multi-stakeholder participation, should construct this foundational compact.
Rethinking public ownership as economic democracy
Authors: Cumbers Andrew
Published: September 2017

Despite the spectacular failure of market fundamentalism in Europe and the US, with a seemingly never-ending spate of corporate scandals and financial crises, the grip of a neoliberal economic policy discourse among political and economic elites seems unshakeable. If anything, neoliberal policies of privatisation, labour market deregulation and state and welfare retrenchment seem to have been ratcheted up since the 2008-9 financial crisis. How can a left and more progressive politics– even in the form of a moderate eco-Keynesianism – be reasserted in these circumstances? This chapter argues that there has, until recently, been a serious vacuum in left and progressive circles about alternative economic models that might challenge the mainstream consensus. Cumbers uses the lens of public ownership, and examples from recent research in Denmark and Germany, to argue for the need to remake and re-scale institutional structures and practices on the left to successfully contest neoliberalism and construct more progressive, egalitarian and sustainable economies and societies.
Turning the tide: a role for social movements
Authors: Jones Bryn , O’Donnell Mike
Published: September 2017

This chapter continues the book’s focus on social justice and change agents by identifying these concerns in the evolution of social movements. The authors argue that, in addition to making explicit criticisms of neoliberalism, social movement campaigners and their networks could also play similar roles to those previously taken by labour movement organisations as advocates and facilitators of classical social democracy. Their emphasis on more direct democracy in socio-economic governance might stimulate a revival of this recently neglected element in the social democratic tradition. In this respect the relationship between prominent social movement activists and progressive parties is likely to be crucial in future years. In particular movement activists may need to determine whether they can achieve a strong relationship between the progressive forces of civil society and a Labour Party potentially revitalized in its egalitarian and democratic vision. The key challenge is to channel the energy and idealism of civil society groups into more far-reaching political and social transformation.
Implicit values: uncounted legacies
Authors: Brigstocke Julian , Hoover Elona , Harder Marie , Graham Paula , de Sousa Sophia , Dearden Andy , Light Ann , Zamenopoulos Theodore , Alexiou Katerina , Burford Gemma , Gaubert Justine , Foskett Colin
Published: September 2017

When it is said ‘what is the legacy of a project’, the response necessarily implies a values judgement, but such values are often implicit. In this work, ways of conceptualizing and evaluating legacies of community-university collaborations by starting from values are explored: specifically the human values of those individuals and organisations involved in each collaborative project. Through a carefully developed process of making explicit the values present in collaborative project teams, multiple legacies are identified, as seen through the new values lens. Repeating this process with project partners separately revealed further legacies of the project, linked but defined by different values perspectives.
Performing the legacy of animative and iterative approaches to co-producing knowledge
Authors: Kelemen Mihaela , Phillips Martin , James Deborah , Moffat Sue
Published: September 2017

This chapter advances a distinctive conceptual framework for defining legacy, seeing it as co-produced and co-performed in relational processes and dialogical encounters between scholars and community partners, facilitated by creative methodologies of knowledge co-production. Nicolini’s (2009) idea of ‘zooming in’ serves as a theoretical anchor to co-define legacy in a pluralistic way by using five distinct yet inter-related lenses that have informed our collaborative research (i.e. Theatre Studies, American Pragmatism, Critical Theory, Deleuzian Studies and Actor Network Theory). Legacy is thus defined as ‘the reproduction and transformation of a theatre tradition for new contexts such as research’, ‘changes inideas or practices (or both)’, ‘the empowerment of individuals and groups through the intersubjective development of understandings’,‘novelty and change through repetition’, and ‘the enrolment of new actants into a network’, respectively. This chapter illustrates how legacy was co-defined, co-performed and co-evaluated with various community partners and suggest how and why our conceptualisation of legacy may appeal beyond arts and humanities subjects.
What is the role of artists in interdisciplinary collaborative projects with universities and communities?
Authors: Pahl Kate , Escott Hugh , Graham Helen , Marwood Kimberley , Pool Steve , Ravetz Amanda
Published: September 2017

In this project the legacies that artists left when they worked with universities on collaborative interdisciplinary projects are explored. This chapter discusses how artists influenced such projects and what kinds of contributions they made. An introduction to the histories of artists working in community projects is provided. Then the approaches to understanding what artists did on these projects is outlined. In order to find out about their practices, the authors drew on a number of methodologies, using experiential as well as empirical methods. It is concluded that artists deployed a number of different ways of knowing to create spaces for co-produced ideas to emerge in collaborative projects. Through a process of analysis it is found that while in some cases artists were devising activities based on ideas that had been constructed in the main by academics, in others, ideas and project directions were jointly constructed, sometimes leading to a new outcome or object. The conclusion to the study was that the effect of artists working in collaborative interdisciplinary projects can be profound and far-reaching for research and the knowledge it produces.
Culturally mapping legacies of collaborative heritage projects
Authors: Smyth Karen , Power Andrew , Martin Rik
Published: September 2017

In this chapter how cultural mapping can act as a means to understand the legacy of collaborative heritage research is explored.The difficulties inherent in capturing this story, including resolving the tensions between organising structures and the practices of chance and serendipity that shape the experiences of people in their heritage work. This gets to the heart of what happens to knowledge and our understanding of practices when we try to capture, share and translate specificities from our research collaboratively. The authors suggest how the visual and discursive aspects of cultural mapping can offer a means to accommodate such tensions. Using data from community groups and focusing on the collaborative role of a community partner in designing and evaluating this research, the mapping toolkit as a legacy output is introduced. Some of the actual stories from the heritage groups are traced and show how they draw attention to legacies of conducting community based heritage projects. The underpinning research involved in producing this legacy output highlights the attention that needs to be paid to multiple voices, narratives and types of impact that are important in people’s lives.
Introduction: Beyond Benefits Street – exploring experiences and narratives of welfare reform
Authors: Patrick Ruth
Published: September 2017

This chapter outlines the rationale behind conducting repeat interviews with out-of-work benefit claimants in an effort to better understand lived experiences of welfare reform. It introduces readers to the political and theoretical context, and highlights the value in employing social citizenship as a theoretical lens in order to tease out citizenship from above and below. The recent context of welfare reform in the UK is also introduced, highlighting the extent to which successive rounds of welfare reform have cumulatively reworked the relationship between the citizen and the state. The research on which this book is based is detailed, and the value in working through and across time by taking a qualitative longitudinal approach highlighted.
Is welfare-to-work working? Relationships with work over time
Authors: Patrick Ruth
Published: September 2017

This chapter explores experiences of paid employment, and in particular the employment journeys of participants during the time of the research. This is contextualised by a discussion of their previous employment experiences, and the extent (and nature) of their employment-related aspirations. Experiences in and out of work include encountering the low-pay, no-pay cycle, being exploited by employers and efforts to find work, but without success. This chapter also explores experiences of policy interventions designed to help people to make the transition from welfare-to-work, particularly via the Work Programme and engagement with Job Centre Plus. Individuals’ – often very critical – reflections on their engagement with these programmes and agencies is discussed, leading to a questioning of whether the promise of meaningful work-related ‘support’ is in fact forthcoming.
Scroungerphobia: living with the stigma of benefits
Authors: Patrick Ruth
Published: September 2017

This chapter reflects upon how out-of-work benefit claimants see both themselves and others in a time of welfare reform, and discusses the pervasive reach and consequences of benefits stigma. It details the widespread evidence of individuals’ critiquing their own benefits receipt, often seeming to have internalised and adopted the negative, moralising rhetoric around ‘welfare’. It illustrates the ways in which the process of claiming benefits is today imbued in stigma and shame. This chapter also describes how individuals rejected the popular notion of benefits as a ‘lifestyle choice’ having an applicability to their individual case, while at the same time frequently seeing it as having meaning for some ‘other’ judged to be less deserving of ‘welfare’. This ‘othering’ is described as a form of – admittedly very defensive – citizenship engagement and claim making. The ways in which such ‘othering’ reduces the scope for a more solidaristic challenge to the status quo is considered, as is its impact on individuals’ attitudes to (and often support for) welfare reform.
Diverse trajectories between 2011 and 2016
Authors: Patrick Ruth
Published: September 2017

This chapter provides an update on nine of the participants from the research, who were interviewed for a fourth time in the summer of 2016. These interviews – which stretched the whole research period to five years – provided an opportunity to explore most recent responses to welfare reform, and levels of engagement with paid employment. They reveal diverse trajectories, which all seem to pivot around the central place of employment in individual lives (whether as an aspiration or everyday reality). These various trajectories are explored, and key themes to emerge from the 2016 interviews detailed. These encompass the shortcomings with welfare-to-work support, the persistence of poverty, responses to Poverty Porn and dynamic experiences of benefits stigma.
Introduction
Authors: Hallett Sophie
Published: September 2017

An overview of what we understand by child sexual exploitation and how it differs from child sexual abuse. The structure and content of the book are defined as well as the research participants and their involvement. Ethics and reflexivity are also discussed.
From ‘child prostitution’ to ‘child sexual exploitation’: an overview
Authors: Hallett Sophie
Published: September 2017

This chapter sets out the historical and contemporary representations of CSE and the ways in which the terminology and definitions of the problem have changed within policy frameworks, which have influenced and continued to influence how this issue is defined and responded to. This provides a context for the discussion that follows in later chapters by providing an analysis of the sets of ideas within which CSE has come to ‘exist’; signalling toward problems arising from the current conceptualisation of CSE.
Responses, recognition and reciprocity
Authors: Hallett Sophie
Published: September 2017

This chapter considers what the participants had to say about responding to CSE. This chapter considers the importance of recognition, reciprocity and interdependency – specifically in the context of care and care relationships – and also signals to the need to acknowledge the wider context surrounding sexual exploitation.
Conclusion: child sexual exploitation – agency, abuse and exchange
Authors: Hallett Sophie
Published: September 2017

In this chapter, the three key arguments made throughout the book are drawn together. First, CSE is wider than the individual instances of sexual exploitation or sexually exploitative relationships, and ‘care’ (relationships, systems and acts) sits at the crux of the problem of CSE. Second, conceptions of CSE may be problematic for young people, particularly with regards to understanding and framing young people’s agency, and the chapter considers the implications that this has for responses to the problem. Third, intrinsic to CSE is the element of exchange, and underpinning this is the meeting (and exploitation) of unmet needs. This concluding chapter suggests how this approach provides a way of making sense of both young people’s agency, and the abuse they experience, through exchanging sex. It concludes by arguing that the language and concept of ‘CSE’ is both narrow and narrowing, misdirecting the focus of the problem, serving to exclude some young people while also having serious implications for responses to and interventions for CSE and other forms of sexual abuse.
Solitary Confinement
Authors: Polizzi David
Published: September 2017

Solitary confinement has been used in correctional practice since the very inception of the penitentiary system in the United States. However, by the late 1840’s, it usefulness as a rehabilitative strategy was placed into question. By the late 1880’s, it’s utility as a mode of rationalized retribution quickly became the sole function of this type of correctional strategy. By the 1980’s, a number of states in the U.S began to build supermax penitentiaries. Within the current context, isolated confinement has become a regular correctional strategy of every state correctional system in the U.S., including the federal supermax facility located in Colorado. As the use of solitary and supermax confinement became more mainstream, the U.S. Supreme Court was often called upon to determine if this type of correctional strategy violated constitutional protection. Though the Supreme Court has moved rather slowly on this issue, it has begun to prohibit certain individuals to be placed in this type of confinement due to the psychological damage it can impose on certain individuals. What has been consistently observed both historically and within the context of personal accounts of this experience is the profound effects of isolated confinement. The phenomenology of this event is evoked within the relationality between the structural limitations of the physical space of solitary and individual experience. Within this context, the most basic aspects of embodied existence—the possibility of human touch, the possibility of bodily movement by which to take up the world and the absence of direct intersubjective experience—are denied.
The experience of solitary confinement: some beginning reflections
Authors: Polizzi David
Published: September 2017

Anyone working within the context of the penitentiary environment will need to confront the reality of solitary confinement. Though it has been documented to cause any number of psychological harms that fact has not been useful in discontinuing this practice. Once confined in this type of isolating environment the most basic aspects of embodied existence are disrupted. All normal types of bodily comportment are placed into question, which leaves the individual with no world to actually embrace. The absence of intersubjective experience and material objects those the individual back on themselves within an alien context.
The developmental history of solitary and supermax confinement: toward a phenomenology of the state of exception
Authors: Polizzi David
Published: September 2017

The phenomenology of solitary and supermax confinement reflects what Giorgio Agamben has defined as the state of exception. The state of exception is defined as the blurring of the legal and political order, which constructs a zone of indifference for those forced to endure this situation. This notion of the state of exception can be applied to the zone of indifference created by the Supreme Court, which seems unwilling to outlaw this harmful practice relative to 8th Amendment protections prohibiting cruel and unusual punishment and the political order which is all too inclined to continue use strategy. One of the central aspects of this “ecology of harm”, is the way in which the very structures of this type of confinement, helps to invite and legitimize abusive attitudes and behaviors in penitentiary staff.
The Supreme Court, solitary confinement, and the prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment
Authors: Polizzi David
Published: September 2017

The relationship between solitary confinement and cruel and unusual punishment dates back to the mid-1880s. However, it is important to note that the Supreme Court was more concerned with the procedural application of this approach, rather than any legitimate consideration on the practice itself. The relationship between solitary confinement and the Court, for the most part, remained within this procedural context, with the exception of a few exceptional examples. The current attitude of the Court attitude to more focused on the specific structure of solitary confinement and the specific harms it imposes on those so confined. A similar attitude has not yet emerged concerning supermax confinement. Given that most sides in this debate seem to agree concerning the psychological harm caused by solitary confinement, deliberate indifference, a major feature of the Court’s attitude concerning the unconstitutionality of this practice, can no longer be denied.
El pH de la carne de cobayo (Cavia porcellus) procedente del manejo deficiente del bienestar animal durante el sacrificio en la sierra central del Perú
Authors: LUCAS Juan R , BALCAZAR-NAKAMATSU Stephanie , TIRADO Oliver , RODRIGUEZ GUTIERREZ Alejandro
Published: September 2017

En la región andina del Perú es común observar el sacrificio de  los cobayos sin aturdimiento ni descanso ante mortem. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el pH de la carne de cobayo (Cavia porcellus) resultante de este manejo. Se evaluó el pH de 60 canales a las 0, 1, 6, 12, y 24 h posteriores al sacrificio sin descanso ante mortem ni aturdimiento. El pH fue de 6.79 ± 0.3, 6.74 ± 0.34, 6.59 ± 0.28, 6.45 ± 0.35 y 5.96 ± 0.11, a la 0, 1, 6, 12 y 24 horas post sacrificio respectivamente. La ecuación que representa la evolución del pH fue Y=6.7765-0.0231X-0.0005X2 (R2=0.996).
Facile preparation of new polystyrene leucomalachite green thick films and study of their radiochromic behavior for low doses of gamma radiation
Authors: Bera Anuradha , Malav Shatrughan , Tiwari Bajrang Lal , Vaijapurkar Shyam Govind
Published: September 2017

Colourless polystyrene-leucomalachite green (PS-LMG) thick films containing a suitable chloroalkane were prepared by a fast and facile casting method, and were investigated for their radio chromic response behavior under the influence of 1.25 MeV γ-radiation. Their gamma response was studied in the 0.05 kGy to 10 kGy range to evaluate their suitability for potential use as the dosimeter in the radiation processing industries. The films were found to undergo a visibly distinct green coloration in the studied range, with the colour intensity increasing with an increase in the total dose. The radiochromic response of these films when investigated as a function of film thickness showed that the colour development as well as the linearity of the response was markedly affected by the thickness of the films. The effect of dye loading and the chloroalkane concentration on the radiochromic response of these films were also investigated. Depending upon the film thickness and reactant concentrations, the films were found to be capable of visually detecting gamma radiation doses as low as few tens of grays.
JOGO DOS ERROS: MOTIVOS PELOS QUAIS UM ARTIGO É ACEITO OU REJEITADO PELOS PERIÓDICOS CIENTÍFICOS
Authors: Oliveira Anselmo Gomes de , Silveira Damaris
Published: September 2017

Receber de um editor a informação de que seu artigo submetido, embora apresente mérito, não será publicado; ou, simplesmente, ter seu texto rejeitado pelo periódico a que foi submetido, não é uma questão de fácil aceitação. A dúvida mais frequente é “Onde foi que errei?”.
PREVALÊNCIA DE TOXOCARÍASE E FATORES ASSOCIADOS EM CRIANÇAS DE UMA ESCOLA PÚBLICA EM BELO HORIZONTE, MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL
Authors: Campos Ludmilla Parreiras , Carvalho Elaine Alvarenga de Almeida , Soares Gabriela de Moraes , Chagas Júnea , Costa Kênia da Silva , Reis Edna Afonso , Scaini Carlos James , Silveira Micheline Rosa
Published: September 2017

Tem sido demostrada uma alta prevalência de toxocaríase em diferentes países do mundo, principalmente nos países tropicais. Dessa forma o objetivo desse estudo foi estimar a prevalência de toxocaríase e seus fatores associados em cem crianças de uma escola pública de Belo Horizonte, Brasil. Foram coletadas informações sociodemográficas, hábitos de estilo de vida, condições de saúde autorreferida, características relacionadas à moradia e à presença de animais domésticos. Também foram realizados exames clínicos, medidas antropométricas e exames laboratoriais (hemograma, IgG total, IgE total e ELISA para detecção de anticorpos IgG anti-Toxocara canis). Entre as crianças avaliadas 15% apresentaram sorologia positiva para toxocaríase. Os participantes com resultados positivos e os negativos foram comparados por teste T para duas amostras ou Teste de Mann-Whitney e apenas o parâmetro IgG total foi estatisticamente diferente entre eles. Entre os avaliados com sorologia positiva, as variáveis idade, presença de filhotes, contato com terra e status de IMC (magreza) mostraram-se significativamente associadas. Essas variáveis foram incluídas em um modelo de regressão logística múltiplo, para identificar os fatores associados, de forma independente, com a variável resposta. O nível de significância adotado no modelo final foi de 0,05. Permaneceram no modelo final o contato com terra e o status de IMC com valores p 0,025 e 0,030, respectivamente. Uma prevalência  epidemiologicamente significativa de toxocaríase foi encontrada na população estudada, o que serve como alerta para que medidas de controle da doença sejam divulgadas e implementadas.
AVALIAÇÃO DA IMPLANTAÇÃO DE BUSCA ATIVA DE REAÇÕES ADVERSAS A MEDICAMENTOS COM AUXÍLIO DE FERRAMENTAS INFORMATIZADAS
Authors: Bretas Janaína Martins , Silva Maria das Dores Graciano , NASCIMENTO Mariana Martins Gonzaga
Published: September 2017

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a implantação de estratégias de busca ativa de reações adversas a medicamentos (RAM) com o auxílio de ferramentas informatizadas em um programa de farmacovigilância de um hospital privado de grande porte. O desenvolvimento do estudo se deu em três fases: I – implantação do serviço de farmacovigilância (vigilância passiva – notificação voluntária intensificada); II – busca ativa com base em relatórios gerenciais de consumo de medicamentos rastreadores; III – busca ativa com base no preenchimento de formulários vinculados à prescrição de medicamentos rastreadores. Foram analisadas todas as RAM detectadas pelo serviço por três anos e meio (n = 542). A diferença entre as taxas de RAM/100 pacientes-dia foi analisada por meio de teste de comparação de duas proporções, com nível de significância de 5% e poder de 80%. A taxa de RAM/100 paciente-dia encontrada na fase II e III (0,26 e 0,15, respectivamente), ou seja, após a implementação das ferramentas informatizadas, foi superior àquela detectada na fase I (0,10). A diferença entre as proporções foi estatisticamente significativa. A maioria das RAM identificadas apresentou gravidade moderada (69%) e observou-se a elevação desta proporção após a implantação das ferramentas informatizadas. Quanto ao perfil de relação causal, 83,6% das RAM  identificadas se enquadravam no critério de “causalidade possível”. A implantação da busca ativa utilizando ferramentas informatizadas  proporcionou um aumento na identificação de RAM estatisticamente significativo, reforçando a necessidade de intensificar tais estratégias de farmacovigilância.
PERFIL FITOQUÍMICO, SUSCEPTIBILIDADE ANTIBACTERIANA E CAPACIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE DAS FOLHAS DE Croton urucurana Baillon (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Silva Sarah Caroline de Souza , Alves Mônica Alcântara , De Sousa Sabrina Araujo , Nogueira José Ribamar de Souza , Martins Diegue Henrique Nascimento , Fonseca-Bazzo Yris Maria , Galdos-Riveros Alvaro Carlos
Published: September 2017

Croton urucurana Baillon, espécie conhecida popularmente como “sangria d’água”, pertence à família Euphorbiaceae, possui grande importância na medicina popular, a qual lhe atribui propriedades antibacterianas, anti-inflamatórias, antissépticas, antivirais, antidiarreicas, antissecretória intestinal e cicatrizante. Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar a presença, nos extratos aquoso, etanólico e hidroalcoólico, de metabolitos secundários (alcaloides, antraquinonas, esteroides/triterpenoides, flavonoides, glicosídeos, saponinas e taninos), analisar a inibição do crescimento das bactérias Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 e Salmonella thyphimurium ATCC 14028, e verificar a atividade antioxidante através do método DPPH. Para o perfil fitoquímico o melhor extrato foi o aquoso, quanto à susceptibilidade bacteriana, houve inibição com o extrato etanólico e o extrato com a maior atividade antioxidante foi o hidroalcóolico, apresentando IC50 1,3 μg/mL. Considerando os resultados obtidos no estudo, foi possível concluir que os extratos da Croton urucurana Baillon apresentam resultados interessantes e que mais investigações devem ser realizadas para a elucidação aprimorada dos seus benefícios.
Effect of alkan-1-ols on the structure of dopc model membrane
Authors: Kondela T. , Gallová J. , Hauß T. , Ivankov O. , Kučerka N. , Balgavý P.
Published: September 2017

The effect of general anaesthetics alkan-1-ols (CnOH, where n = 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule) on the structure of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) model membrane was studied by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and small-angle neutron diffraction (SAND). Fluid bilayers were prepared at CnOH:DOPC = 0.3 molar ratio. The results of both the experiments show that bilayer thickness - a thickness parameter dg in the case of SANS and lamellar repeat distance D in the case of SAND - increases with increasing n. A coexistence of two lamellar phases with different D was detected by measuring the C18OH+DOPC oriented sample.
Unveil the traces of ancient mining
Authors: Brocchini Debora , Deravignone Luca , Dellavalle Gianni
Published: September 2017

The Archaeological Mines Park of San Silvestro is part of the Campiglia mining area. It represents its most important historical core. The Park covers a surface of around 450 hectares on the mountains Calvi, Rombolo, Poggio all’Aione and along the valleys Temperino, Lanzi and Manienti. The main characteristic of the Park is the richness of mining activity traces towards copper, lead and silver. The mining activity started during the 7th century BC with the Etruscan civilization and continued until 1979, when the last mine was closed. Many karst cavities of the Campiglia are “cave-mines’: they are the result of a natural event and the action of ancient miners, who searched metalliferous minerals. In Campiglia there are traces of hundreds of Etruscan, medieval and modern mining operations, tunnels from the 19th and 20th centuries. The aim of the Archaeological and Mining park of San Silvestro is to highlight historical landscape, the result of centuries of mining activities. Some of the buildings, originally used for productive and administrative purposes, have been restored to house exhibitions and services for visitors. The impressive ruins of the medieval village of San Silvestro and two of the modern mining tunnels, have been equipped for guided tours. The accessibility of ancient mining works is however still difficult and this represents a limit in the enhancement and protection of these sites. Speleologists, archaeologists and geologists will be involved in making a project to let everyone discover the most ancient underground mines. We have three main targets: (1) produce high quality pictures of the most interesting and impressive mining traces; (2) create 3D models useful for scientific and cultural purposes; (3) equip some of the ancient shafts with light structures to allow small groups to visit them. We will describe the morphological characteristics of one of these ancient mines, giving some advice for the production of high quality picture in this contest. We will also describe the technique used for the production of a 3D model and how to equip the mine for the visit of small groups of people.
A numerical solution for a class of time fractional diffusion equations with delay
Authors: Pimenov Vladimir G. , Hendy Ahmed S.
Published: September 2017

This paper describes a numerical scheme for a class of fractional diffusion equations with fixed time delay. The study focuses on the uniqueness, convergence and stability of the resulting numerical solution by means of the discrete energy method. The derivation of a linearized difference scheme with convergence order O(τ
2−α+ h
4) in L∞-norm is the main purpose of this study. Numerical experiments are carried out to support the obtained theoretical results.
Exact null controllability, complete stabilizability and continuous final observability of neutral type systems
Authors: Rabah Rabah , Sklyar Grigory , Barkhayev Pavel
Published: September 2017

For abstract linear systems in Hilbert spaces we revisit the problems of exact controllability and complete stabilizability (stabilizability with an arbitrary decay rate), the latter property being related to exact null controllability. We also consider the case when the feedback is not bounded. We obtain a characterization of complete stabilizability for neutral type systems. Conditions for exact null controllability of neutral type systems are discussed. By duality, we obtain a result about continuous final observability. Illustrative examples are given.
The controllability of nonlinear implicit fractional delay dynamical systems
Authors: Joice Nirmala Rajagopal , Balachandran Krishnan
Published: September 2017

This paper is concerned with the controllability of nonlinear fractional delay dynamical systems with implicit fractional derivatives for multiple delays and distributed delays in control variables. Sufficient conditions are obtained by using the Darbo fixed point theorem. Further, examples are given to illustrate the theory.
Accurate gradient computations at interfaces using finite element methods
Authors: Qin Fangfang , Wang Zhaohui , Ma Zhijie , Li Zhilin
Published: September 2017

New finite element methods are proposed for elliptic interface problems in one and two dimensions. The main motivation is to get not only an accurate solution, but also an accurate first order derivative at the interface (from each side). The key in 1D is to use the idea of Wheeler (1974). For 2D interface problems, the point is to introduce a small tube near the interface and propose the gradient as part of unknowns, which is similar to a mixed finite element method, but only at the interface. Thus the computational cost is just slightly higher than in the standard finite element method. We present a rigorous one dimensional analysis, which shows a second order convergence order for both the solution and the gradient in 1D. For two dimensional problems, we present numerical results and observe second order convergence for the solution, and super-convergence for the gradient at the interface.
Feedback linearization of an active magnetic bearing system operated with a zero–bias flux
Authors: Mystkowski Arkadiusz , Kaparin Vadim , Kotta Ülle , Pawluszewicz Ewa , Tõnso Maris
Published: September 2017

Input-output linearization by state feedback is applied to a flux-controlled active magnetic bearing (AMB) system, operated in the zero-bias mode. Two models of the AMB system are employed. The first one is described by the third-order dynamics with a flux-dependent voltage switching scheme, whereas the second one is the fourth-order system, called self-sensing AMB, since it does not require the measurement of the rotor position. In the case of that system we had to find the flat outputs to guarantee its stability. The proposed control schemes are verified by means of numerical simulations performed within the Matlab environment.