bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multi-Factor User Interface Components Layout Problem
Authors: Sharma Dinesh K. , Peer S. K. , Alade Julius A.
Published: March 2016

This paper presents a multi-factor layout model which combines the qualitative and quantitative factors for the facilities layout problem. The proposed model is applied to the design of the user interface in order to obtain the best layout of the facilities in which the closeness rating scores are evaluated by using the Goals, Operators, Methods, and Selection (GOMS) technique. The results of the proposed model are compared with that of an existing model to obtain the layouts of user interface components. The model developed here has significant relevance for facility layout design in achieving an optimal interface by structuring the layout of a building to enhance and support production. The user interface model provides support for quick response to changes in customer demand and inventory planning particularly in such an area where timely transfer of information is crucial.
Timing Long Horizon Predictability: Investment Implications
Authors: Tsoukalas Dimitrios , Darayseh Musa , Abuizam Radian
Published: March 2016

The analysis in this paper is twofold: a) we use the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) methodology to briefly study predictability of bond and stock returns, and b) we investigate the efficiency of  stock and bond markets  by exploring a buy and sell strategy made up of a hypothetical portfolio which consists of bonds and stocks.  Our strategy indicates that unexploited profit opportunities exist in the U.S. security markets.  The trading strategy used to identify profitability is based on return predictability.  More specifically, we estimate risk-adjusted cumulative twelve-month and quarterly compounded returns on the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the 30-year U.S. Treasury bonds using a state of the art forecasting model.  We construct our portfolio which consists of bonds and stocks based on the highest forecast given by the model as follows.  Buy stocks when the forecast shows returns are higher in the stock market.  Switch your portfolio into bonds every time the forecast model shows higher returns in the bond market.
A Goal Programming Approach To Human Resource Planning With A Concentration On Promotion Policy
Authors: Glynn Joseph G.
Published: March 2016

Goal programming will be employed to assist human resource managers in identifying a promotion policy that will provide a desired future distribution of managers at various levels in an organization.  The goal programming model will be developed and exemplified for a small firm with only two job classifications.  Model inputs include the current inventory of managers and a desired future distribution of these managers.  The model output will be an identified “optimal” promotion policy that will achieve the desired future assignments of managers.
Marketing Education In A Changing Educational Environment
Authors: Johnson Robert L.
Published: March 2016

Traditional academe as well as the new for-profit upstarts have suddenly gotten aggressively involved in marketing education. This paper will look at post secondary higher educational institutions, their marketing activities and the changes technology has triggered in curriculum, the rise of innovative marketing activities in both traditional and distance education, the role for-profit institutions has had on marketing methods, and what does it all mean for administrators in an age of changing values on what an education should be as well as cope with the increasing demand for expanded enrollment in order to survive.
Stability Of Money Multipliers: Evidence From Turkey
Authors: Saatcioglu Cem , Korap H. Levent , Volkan Ara G.
Published: March 2016

This paper investigates whether the money multiplier process in the Turkish economy is stable and can be forecasted. Research results show that the processes which convert the base money supply into the final monetary aggregates are unstable and decrease the effectiveness of monetary policies pursued by the CBRT. In addition, the sub-components of the money multiplier do not support a stable money multiplier process, indicating that traditional monetarist prescriptions for the conduct of economic policy are not appropriate for the Turkish economy.
Drugs Company Profits In The United States: Are They Excessive? Evidence From Public Administration Perspectives
Authors: Adams Michael O. , Osho Gbolahan S.
Published: March 2016

Historically, the drug industry has been one of the most profitable in the United States of America and has been attributed to the relatively high cost of drugs compared to other developed countries. The call on drug companies to reduce the costs has increased tremendously with the industry strongly resisting, claiming costs are justified to support research and development of newer and better drugs. This debate is currently ongoing in the legislature with strong lobbying from both sides of the divide.  Hence, the main objective of this research is to determine the reasons for the high cost of prescription drugs in the United States compared to other countries and suggest ways to make drugs more affordable. The solution to the problem will most likely come from a compromise by both sides involving government funded research and production of generic drugs by companies. This would bring down the cost of drugs while ensuring continuation of research and development and guarantee reasonable profits for the drug industry.
Analysıs Of Effect Of Reproductıve Health Educatıon And The Normal Sex Educatıon Currıculum On Undergraduate Students' Sexualıty In South-South Nıgerıa
Authors: Ihejiamaizu Christiana C. , Anagbogu German E , Odigwe Francisca N.
Published: March 2016

The study is a comparative analysis of effect of reproductive health education and normal curriculum teaching on undergraduate students' sexuality. Research question was raised and converted to a hypothesis which states that there is no significant difference between the effects of reproductive health education and normal sex education curriculum on undergraduate students sexuality. The study used a sample of four hundred (400) respondents randomly selected from the six federal universities in south-south zone of Nigeria. The design adopted was the quasi experimental design on a pre-test post-test control group with factorial arrangement. The result from the data analysis revealed that there was a significant difference between the effects of reproductive health education and normal sex education curriculum on undergraduate students' sexuality in all the treatment groups, but there was no significant difference given their access to the media and socio-economic background. Conclusion was drawn and it was recommended that a more comprehensive reproductive health education content be developed and explained as an informal educational programme for undergraduate students to curb the increase in the bottlenecks involved in the use of the sex education content taught in most Nigerian schools.
Evaluatıon Du Nıveau De Developpement De Competences Des Etudıants En Lıcence 3 Et Master 1 De Scıences Physıques Des Unıversıtes De Cote D’ıvoıre Sur L’oxydoreductıon
Authors: Nguessan Kouamé
Published: March 2016

Successful teaching of the concept of redox by teachers of secondary schools assumes that these latter during their professional training at the Ecole Normale Supérieure d'Abidjan effectively mobilize the concept of redox and basics associated therewith. Therefore, the analysis of the knowledge acquired throughout their academic and academic background, and taking into account the difficulties identified at their level must necessarily be taken into account during the course of their training. We propose in this paper to show the importance of skills mobilized by students in Licence 3 and Master 1 in vocational training, limiting ourselves to the conceptualization of the concept of redox physical sciences. We will seek to identify the skills mobilized on this concept by those responding to the question: the basic knowledge they have, they are sufficient for the efficient and effective training? The research protocol was implemented associated an analysis of responses to the three question types (control, application and reflection) asked students in the explanation and interpretation of efficient and effective classroom activities to them request for their professional training. The results state that these students experience the same types of difficulties. They also observe well in their ability to explain the nature of oxidationreduction reactions at the application of redox principles to electrochemical batteries. It is therefore necessary to mobilize additional resources to make them effective and efficient in high schools and colleges.
The Application Of Coaching İn The Preparation Of Employees For Work Performance
Authors: Matulcikova Marta , Brevenikova Daniela
Published: March 2016

The aim of the present paper based on theoretical and empirical analysis is the description and evaluation of benefits of coaching in education in organizations in the Slovak Republic. Our intention is to work out the issue of coaching from the aspect of individual coaching, group coaching and team coaching, as well as from the perspective of understanding the role of coaching as part of leading. The present paper contains partial results of the research conducted under the first stage of work on the research project KEGA 014EU-4/2016 – ‟Preparation of the content and structure of courses focused on the development of basic business knowledge and skills of graduates from non-economic health service fields of study”. Results presented in the paper relate to the application of coaching in institutions employing respondents of the research and to types and kinds of coaching. The research was conducted by means of the interview method and the questionnaire method. The data collection was held in two stages (each containing several rounds) in order to obtain respondents’ responses of high information value.
A Research on the Relationship between Knowledge Sharing and Employee Performance: The Moderating Role of Unethical Behaviors in Organizational Level
Authors: Aksoy Yasin , Ayranci Evren , Gozukara Ebru
Published: March 2016

Technological advances in the 21st century raise the importance of the process of accessing and evaluating knowledge. Knowledge sharing is important in individual level as much as is in organizational level. Effective knowledge sharing among the members of an organization makes a positive impact on the realization of goals set by the organization. Knowledge sharing positively affects the performance of the employees who work to reach these goals. Moreover, in the study behaviors of the individuals communicating during the knowledge sharing process are classified as ethical and unethical. Increase in unethical behaviors decrease the effect of knowledge sharing on the employee performance. Unethical behaviors in an organization are classified as behaviors against shareholders, clients, suppliers, employees as well as against the public. This study examines the role of unethical behaviors on the effect of knowledge sharing on the employee performance in the organizational level.
Relatıonshıp Among Humor Styles, Internal Marketıng Practıces And Communıcatıon
Authors: Ozyer Yagmur
Published: March 2016

Although humor at workplace provides positive results for the brands and intraorganizational management, there are only a few theorized studies proving this fact in the literature. Studies on humor at workplace can be mostly seen in the organizational behavior literature. Humor can be considered as a very critical component for both the internal customers and external customers in the marketing literature. Humor is effective in creating consumer perceptions and loyalty through various marketing channels and additionally, can be considered as a very important concept for maintaining the holistic marketing approach in internal marketing practices. Behaviors and attitudes of marketing department managers with different humor styles can increase cohesion among employees and maximize their performance. This study examines the effect of humor styles of the marketing department managers on the internal marketing practices under the moderating role of persuasive communication variable.
Model For Testing The İmpact Of Motivational Factors Of Nascent Entrepreneurs On Business Surviving Success
Authors: Kisker Christoph Ernst Wilken
Published: March 2016

The development of founded companies is influenced by a wide variety of factors. In order to predict the chance of success for entrepreneurship, the relationship between these factors and the business surviving success has to be analyzed. Research indicates an influence of the motivation of entrepreneurs and financial success. The object of this paper are nascent entrepreneurs and the subject is the motivational structure of nascent entrepreneurs. Methods of the paper are literature review, factor analysis and calculated model. Aim of the paper is building a relationship between the motivation of entrepreneurs and the business surviving success of the founded companies. The result of the paper is the ‘four force of entrepreneurial motivation’ model, which helps to analyses the relationship between the motivation of the entrepreneur and the business surviving success. It shows that the motivation of entrepreneur can be clustered in ‘financial reward’, ‘need for achievement’, ‘social recognition’ and ‘independence. The business surviving success is calculated as the geometric mean of the return on sales over 3 years based on the expenses and revenue from the founded companies in the PSED II dataset. It is the first time that the motivation of entrepreneurs is set in relationship with the business surviving success. The study develops a new model to test the relationship between the motivation of entrepreneurs and the business surviving success. It is the first study, which uses the geometric mean of the return on sales over a time span of 3 years. The clustering of motivation from different studies is reviewed for the first time.
Factors Related To Job Satisfaction Among Nurses
Authors: Zahaj Majlinda , Saliaj Aurela , Metani Lorina , Nika Sonila , Alushi Evis
Published: March 2016

Background: The level of job satisfaction affects not only the quality of the function exercised by the nurse, but also patient satisfaction, therefore it is very important for health care institutions to measure these perceptions amongst nurses. Aim of the study: This research had assessed the job satisfaction among nurses in the Public Hospital Vlora, Albania and the contributing factors on it. Method: Data of this cross-sectional research were collected using a questionnaire which measures job satisfaction, based on Mueller and McCloskey Satisfaction Scale (MMSS), adapted. Results: The professional pleasure that nurses sense to their profession is close to neutral (x = 2.92), with the trend to dissatisfaction. Most important extrinsic factor that affects the intensity of satisfaction in the nursing profession is 'monthly payment' (4.5 points), while as the most important intrinsic factor is ranked "career escalation" (3.84 points). Conclusions: In conclusion, we can say that the level of professional satisfaction among nurses involved in this study was below the average. Less satisfied groups from nursing profession were young people and high educated nurses. The low level of professional gratifying is expressed as well in the fact that over 70% of nurses in the study would like to practice another profession.
The Social Exclusion and Sexual Objectification among males, ages 18-30 years old in Kosovo
Authors: Borinca Islam
Published: March 2016

This study aims: Higher levels of gender-based rejection sensitivity would be related to higher tendencies to objectify women, i.e., with higher tendencies to perceive women as lacking of human mental states and uniquely human emotions. In turn, verifying whether such enhanced tendency to perceive women as objects would increase men’s tendencies to accept the myth rape acceptance. More specifically, a correlation analysis showed that: The rejection sensitivity index did not correlate with any outcome variable; The tendency to objectify women did not correlate with myth rape acceptance; Hurt proneness or anxiety in close relationships was positively correlated with the tendency to perceive women as human beings (rather than objects) and to attribute them human emotions or human mental states. Interestingly, these latter relations clearly emerged among male participants currently involved in romantic relationships; Instead, a onesample t-test showed that the levels of myth rape acceptance were moderately high.
The Oromo National Movement And Gross Human Rights Violations In The Age Of Globalization
Authors: Jalata Asafa
Published: March 2016

Today, the Oromo are an impoverished and powerless numerical majority and political minority13 in the Ethiopian empire; they have been the colonial subjects of Ethiopia, former Abyssinia, since the last decades of the 19th century. As the Ethiopian state colonized the Oromo with the help European imperialism, it has continued to terrorize, dominate, and exploit them with the help of successive global hegemonic powers such as England, the former Soviet Union, and the United States, To change the deplorable condition of the Oromo people, the Oromo movement is engaging in national struggle to restore the Oromo democratic tradition known as the gadaa system and to liberate the Oromo people from colonialism and all forms of oppression and exploitation by achieving their national self-determination. A few elements of Oromo elites who clearly understood the impact of Ethiopian colonialism and global imperialism on the Oromo society had facilitated the emergence of the Oromo national movement in the 1960s and 1970s by initiating the development of national Oromummaa (Oromo national culture, identity, and nationalism). This paper focuses on and explores three major issues: First, it briefly provides analytical and theoretical insights. Second, the paper explains the past and current status of the Oromo people in relation to gross Oromo human rights violations. Third, it identifies and examines some major constraints and opportunities for the Oromo national movement and the promotion of human rights, social justice, and democracy.
Cross-Linguistic Influence On The Acquisition Of English Pronunciation By Tunisian EFL Learners
Authors: Bouchhioua Nadia
Published: March 2016

While acquiring English as a second language (L2) has received substantial research, learning English as a third language (L3) especially in complex sociolinguistic contexts has not received as much attention. Various factors including typological similarity between L2 and L3 are believed to affect the process and the product of learning a third language. Typological similarity is said to facilitate learning at the lexcio-semantic level. However, its effects on the learning of L3 phonology is not always as such. In this study, cross-linguistic influence on the acquisition of English (as L3) pronunciation in the Tunisian context which is characterized by multilingualism involving Tunisian Arabic (TA) as mother tongue, Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) as the first language learnt at school, and French as L2 is investigated. The production of two pronunciation features is tested. These features are the sounds existing in English-French cognates such as information, syntax, important, and stress placement in polysyllabic words. The methodology consisted in having English major university students and their teachers produce these features in read and spontaneous speech. Phonetic analysis and statistical tests revealed significant linguistic transfer from French in the pronunciation of the target features. The participants produced the French nasalized vowel [ɛ̃] in the syllables in English-French cognate vocabulary instead of the correct English pronunciation and placed stress on final syllables according to French stress patterns in their production of English polysyllabic words that should be stressed elsewhere.
Typical Phrases For Shona Syntactic Subjecthood
Authors: Mhute Isaac
Published: March 2016

This paper presents findings from a qualitative research that focused on providing a comprehensive description of the Shona subject relation. Shona is a Bantu language spoken by around 75% of the over 13million people making up the Zimbabwean population plus the other speakers in neighbouring countries like Zambia, Botswana and South Africa. The paper reveals the types of phrases that typically perform the subject role in the language. The research concentrated mainly on the language as used by speakers of the dialect spoken by the Karanga people of Masvingo Province (the region around Great Zimbabwe) and the Zezuru dialect spoken by people of central and northern Zimbabwe (the area around Harare Province).
Citizen's Adoption Of Mobile Land Record Information Systems (mLRMIS): A Case of Pakistan
Authors: Malik Babur Hayat , Shuqin Cai , Mastoi Abdul Ghaffar , Ahmed Ghais Ahmed Hussein Alsherbiny
Published: March 2016

By implementing a prolonged social cognitive theory (SCT) this article investigates factors including outcome expectation, affect, anxiety, self-efficacy, social influence, trust, facilitating conditions, e-satisfaction, information quality and e-service quality impacting citizen’s intention to adopt a mobile based e-government system called mobile Land Record Information Systems (mLRMIS) with respect to Pakistan. The prolonged social cognitive theory (SCT) was actually affirmed by analyzing gathered data periodically accumulated over time from 10 different cities in Pakistan. Verifiable results of the proposed model represented mutual significance of relationships of 12 hypothesized relations between 10 different types of constructs. Only a few studies have previously used SCT model to investigate the adoption of an e-government system globally while in case of Pakistan it is the first ever study using SCT model to figure out the adoption of an e-government system. Outcome significance and digital policy substance exhibited in this article can assist e-government planners and practitioners to reform up quality and effectivity of mLRMIS system. This research also contributes to elevate relevant awareness and utilization of mLRMIS system.
La Representation Du Corps Dans La Religieuse De Diderot Et Dans Justine Ou Les Malheurs De La Vertu De Sade
Authors: Arzaz Madame Saliha
Published: March 2016

Body representation in the Religious of Diderot and Justine or the misfortunes of virtue Sade is an investigation that seeks to bring the two philosophers of the Enlightenment. Our study presents the design of the body in Western culture while emphasizing the most important trends to compare the views of the two authors. This is to see at what level the body Sade and Diderot is attached to the space because the body enclosed becomes perverted and corrupted. The main female characters testify through a subjective opinion of their misfortunes and persecutions. Their bodies and those of the other characters are objects of pain and suffering. These are linked to pleasure. The approach that we conducted allowed us to see that both authors defend the passions and human freedom and oppose any theological belief that could take away that freedom.
Study The Overprescription Of Proton Pump Inhibitors And Their Relation With Recurrent Community Aquired Infections In Outpatient Refilled Prescriptions Of Chronic Diseases Patients
Authors: Alkhalaylah Aysha Abedalhameed , Hayajneh Maisan Mahmoud , Hijazeen Shireen Imad , Alqhewii Tahanie Ali , Haddad Eva Raji , Abeeleh Jaafar abu , Al-sharary Sawsan , Alkhatib Ahed J
Published: March 2016

Background: proton pump inhibitors are widely used worldwide and studies have demonstrated that the use of PPIs to be associated with various diseases such as several types of infection. Study objectives: to explore the effect of using PPIs on patients through studying some inflammatory biomarkers including WBC, neutrophil count, ESR, CRP, and IL-6. Methods and subjects: a retrospective study design was followed to collect data from study participants. The study included 62 patients receiving PPIs and 60 persons without being prescribed for PPIs. A working sheet was created for each patient and included the following information: age, WBC, neutrophil count, ESR, CRP, and IL-6. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20. The relationship between variables was tested using independent T test. Significance was considered at alpha level < 0.05. Study findings: age was not varied significantly between study group and control group. All inflammatory biomarkers under study were significantly elevated in study group compared with control group. Conclusions: the findings of the present study showed that the use of PPIs was associated significantly with increased inflammatory biomarkers. We think that health settings should pay much attention to the role of pharmacists and pharmacy doctors to increase the awareness about the use of PPIs.
Usages Et Vulnerabilite De Pterocarpus Santalinoides L'her. Ex De (Papillionoidae), Une Plante Utilisee Dans Le Traitement Des Gastro-Enterites Dans Le Sud Du Benin
Authors: A C. Ayena , Tchibozo M. Agassounon Djikpo , A. E. Assogbadjo , H. Adoukonou-Sagbadja , G. A. Mensah , C. Agbangla , C. Ahanhanzo
Published: March 2016

In West Africa, rural populations depend heavily on woody plant resources to satisfy particular nutritional and therapeutic needs. This study was conducted in South of Benin to identify local knowledge about Pterocarpus santalinoides, and its vulnerability level. Investigations were made using an interview guide followed by observations. 180 professionals were interviewed. It appears from the study that the "African teak" is known as 10 local designations. The species is sought in many areas of use (African medicine, food medicine, carpentry, art, energy and well-being). On medicinal plan, leaves, bark of the trunk and roots are solicited alone or in association with others to treat especially the symptoms related to gastroenteric (diarrhoea, dysentery, vomiting and abdominal cramps). Decoct is the main galenic form adopted for the treatment of these conditions. Considering all the sectors, all its vegetative organs are used. Degree of uses of various organs of this plant is the main causes of its vulnerability. Vulnerability index (Iv) is equal to 2.4. The species is thus identified as vulnerable. It is urgent for its users to adopt a sustainable management approach, in order to preserve African teak.
Biologie De La Reproduction Du Sciaenidae Pseudotolithus Elongatus Dans La Lagune Ebrie (Cote d’Ivoire)
Authors: Tiéhoua Koné , Irène Kouakou Fokouo Kessia , Sylvain Konan Kouassi , Konan N’Da
Published: March 2016

The study of reproduction of Pseudotolithus elongatus in the Ebrie lagoon was investigated between July 2013 and June 2015 on a whole of individuals of 550 specimens. the total length ranges from 14.5 to 42.7 cm. The monthly evolution of the gonado-somatic index (GSI), the liver-somatic index (LSI), the condition factor (K), the Sex-ratio, the fecundity, the diameter of eggs revealed that this species spawns throughout the year but the main breeding period was in raining season. Sex-ratio observed was in favour of females (1: 1. 14; X2 = 2.26; p > 0.05). The percentage of mature specimens by sexes was calculated for each size class. Total length at first maturity was 21.06 cm for females and 20.21cm for males. The ripe ovaries contained 39883-814757 eggs. The relative fecundity was 216-1979 eggs per g of body weight of females. And the mean diameter of eggs is 336 ±138 microns.
Treatment of Typhoid Fever in Children: Comparison of Efficacy of Ciprofloxacin with Ceftriaxone
Authors: Naveed Amna , Ahmed Zeeshan
Published: March 2016

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of ciprofloxacin vs ceftriaxone in terms of the proportion of children becoming afebrile in 96 hours. Study Design: Randomized controlled design study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pediatrics, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi from March 2010 to September 2010. Methodology: 88 children who fulfilled the clinical criteria of having typhoid fever were included in the study. They came to the indoor and outdoor of the department. 44 patients were treated with injectable ciprofloxacin, while 44 were treated with injectable ceftriaxone. Results: The study included 88 patients with febrile illness who were suspected of having typhoid fever. The mean age was 8.3±1.94 years and 41 (46.6%) were males. The mean weight was 24.7±6.3 kg. Only 15 (17%) used boiled water as a routine. 68 (77.3%) children in total became afebrile within 96 hours and 20 (22.7%) failed to become afebrile in 96 hours. In the ciprofloxacin group, 25 (56.8%) patients became afebrile in 96 hours and 19 (43.1%) failed to become afebrile in 96 hours. In the ceftriaxone group, 43 (97.7%) patients became afebrile in 96 hours and 1 (2.3%) failed to become afebrile in 96 hours. The proportion of patients becoming afebrile within 96 hours was significantly higher in the ceftriaxone group as compared to the ciprofloxacin group, p= 0.00. Conclusion: Ceftriaxone is more effective in children with typhoid fever in terms of greater proportion of children becoming afebrile in 96 hours.
Reproduction De Heterotis Niloticus (Cuvier, 1829) De La Riviere Agneby (Cote d’Ivoire)
Authors: Kessia Irène Kouakou Fokouo , Tiéhoua Koné , Yaya Soro , Konan N’Da , Mamadou Ouattara
Published: March 2016

The reproductive biology of Heterotis niloticus has been studied from monthly samples taken from artisanal fishing on the Agneby river during the period june 2013 to May 2015. The whole sample consisted of 498 specimens of which 269 females and 229 males were examined. Sex-ratio observed was in favour of females (1: 1.17; X2 = 3.21; p > 0.05). The monthly evolution of the gonado-somatic index (GSI), the liver-somatic index (LSI), the condition factor (K) and maturation stages suggests that this fish has two periods of reproduction. The two periods were respectively from june to august and from november to december. The standard length at first sexual maturity was 490.6 mm for females and 436.3 mm for males. The absolute fecundity was ranged from 5424 to 25591 oocytes in females of 595 mm to 780 mm standard length. The relative fecundity was 3752± 1491 oocytes/kg of female.
Estudio macro y microscópico de la tuberculosis aviar en un zoológico de la Sabana de Bogotá
Authors: Neira Rairán Rafael , Rodríguez Martínez Germán , Silva Igua Angela , Arias Bernal Leonardo , Guerrero Martha Inirida , León Franco Clara Inés
Published: March 2016

A partir de diagnósticos histopatológicos de casos compatibles con procesos granulomatosos, emitidos por el Laboratorio de Histopatología de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad de La Salle en un alcaraván (Burhinus bistriatus) y en dos tinguas azules (Porphyrula martinica), procedentes de un zoológico de la Sabana de Bogotá, se diseñó una investigación con el fin de comprobar la presencia de Mycobacterium avium, realizar un seguimiento epidemiológico de la población aviar existente en un encierro mixto silvestre y proyectar las medidas para reducir los factores de riesgo, tanto para los animales como para las personas. Se utilizó un grupo control de cinco aves domésticas raza Hy line Brown, un grupo centinela de diez aves del mismo lote del grupo control, un grupo control externo constituido por 102 aves de los encierros vecinos al área problema: 28 patos, 25 guacamayas, 26 loros, 23 aves rapaces y el grupo de aves del encierro problema. Se realizaron estudios retrospectivos y prospectivos mediante estudios morfológicos macro y microscópicos (Hematoxilina-Eosina y Ziehl-Neelsen). Con los estudios morfológicos se comprobó la presencia de lesiones granulomatosas en diversos órganos de los animales muertos de los grupos de aves centinela y del encierro problema, destacándose el hallazgo de lesiones granulomatosas en leptomeninges y sustancia blanca de la médula espinal y la mineralización (calcificación) en algunos granulomas, principalmente de hígado y pulmones. Con la coloración de Ziehl-Neelsen de los tejidos se comprobó la presencia de bacilos ácido-alcohol resistentes y se confirmó el diagnóstico de micobacteriosis en una de las aves centinela y en tres de las aves del encierro problema. Los animales de fuera del encierro no mostraron ningún indicio de enfermedad micobacteriana. Los hallazgos macro y microscópicos de los tejidos junto con los estudios microbiologicos y moleculares (no mostrados en este artículo) permiten concluir que el encierro problema se encuentra afectado por tuberculosis aviar causada por Mycobacterium avium principalmente, constituyéndose en un foco de alto riesgo para las aves de zoológico, silvestres y las comerciales eventualmente en contacto y un riesgo potencial para los humanos, por lo que se recomiendan medidas para su prevención, control y posible erradicación.
Estudio preliminar: orégano como promotor de crecimiento en lechones destetados
Authors: Parrado M. Santiago , Chamorro S. Jackson , Serrano V. Lácides
Published: March 2016

A pesar de la comprobada capacidad de mejorar el desempeño en los cerdos, el uso de antimicrobianos como promotores de crecimiento viene siendo progresivamente restringido en diversos países. Las nuevas reglamentaciones tienden a buscar nuevas alternativas al uso de antibióticos y quimioterapéuticos como promotores de crecimiento. Una de estas alternativas son los nutraceúticos que constituyen una de las opciones investigadas. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar los efectos antimicrobianos del orégano sobre la digestibilidad aparente de los nutrientes, en la ganancia diaria de peso, conversión alimenticia y presentación de diarreas en lechones recién destetados. Fueron estudiados tres grupos de lechones de 21 días de edad de la raza F1 (Landrace x Large White), durante cuatro semanas de los cuales uno de dichos grupos fue tomado como grupo control (alimento comercial), y los otros dos grupos con alimento fabricado en la granja a diferentes concentraciones de orégano (0,03 y 0,06 % respectivamente). Las dietas fabricadas son a base de harina de maíz y soya suplementados con los aminoácidos y minerales esenciales para la dieta del lechón. El proyecto tuvo duración de un mes en el cuales se midió semanalmente el peso ganado por los animales y la conversión alimenticia de los mismos; de igual forma se comparó la eficacia del orégano con respecto a una dieta normal de concentrado. Los resultados del estudio mostraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos estudiados, en cuanto a las variables ganancia diaria de peso, índice de conversión y presentación de diarreas. Se llegó a una conclusión muy significativa donde las alternativas para los antibióticos promotores de crecimiento mejoran los parámetros productivos en lechones además, del efecto antimicrobiano que poseen.
Efecto del lente de contacto sobre las aberraciones ópticas corneales de alto orden
Authors: Mayorga C. Myriam Teresa
Published: March 2016

La utilización de los aberrómetros para cuantificar las aberraciones ópticas oculares, permite al profesional de la salud, el conocimiento más real de la óptica visual y una corrección óptica más eficiente de los problemas visuales. Objetivo: determinar las variaciones de las aberraciones corneales producidas por el lente de contacto. Materiales y métodos: se estudiaron 24 ojos no usuarios de lentes de contacto, divididos en tres grupos: 8 ojos con queratocono a quienes se les colocó lente de contacto rígido gas permeable (material VC 59), 8 ojos con astigmatismo refractivo miópico entre -1.25 D y -2.50 D, a quienes se les colocó lente blando tórico (Soflens 66 Tórico®) y 8 ojos con miopías entre 0.25 y 3.00 D, a quienes se les colocó primero lente blando esférico (Soflens 66®) y luego lente rígido gas permeable (Boston RXD®). Resultados: se encontró que la disminución de las aberraciones monocromáticas corneales fue del 68% en el primer grupo, del 25% en el segundo grupo, y en el tercer grupo con lente blando esférico, del 20% y 30% con lente rígido esférico. Los pacientes con queratocono corregidos con lente de contacto rígido mejoran significativamente las aberraciones monocromáticas corneales de bajo orden, y las de alto orden de coma, trifolio, coma secundario, trifolio secundario pentafolio; los pacientes astígmatas con lentes de contacto blando tóricos corrigen las aberraciones de bajo orden y no varían significativamente las de alto orden. Pacientes miopes con lentes blandos esféricos y rígidos esféricos corrigen las aberraciones de bajo orden y varían las aberraciones de alto orden cuadrifolio, coma secundario y trifolio secundario siendo esta variación clínicamente no significativa.
Diferencias entre queratoconos con ectasias de diámetro grande y pequeño
Authors: Ortega Pacific Ernesto
Published: March 2016

Al realizar adaptaciones de lentes de contacto rígidos en pacientes con queratocono con base en la topografía corneal computarizada es fundamental diferenciar entre ectásias de diámetro grande y pequeño, para efectos de seleccionar parámetros de los lentes de manera óptima. Objetivo: buscar diferencias entre los índices topográficos de queratoconos con ectasias de diámetro grande y pequeño para desarrollar un patrón que establezca diferencias entre las dos que sirva para definir el tipo de adaptación de lentes de contacto. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de 129 topografías con queratocono encontradas en el banco de datos del topógrafo Tomey TMS 4 del IIO, se dividieron en dos grupos: ectásias de diámetro grande con un área mayor de 5 milímetros y de pequeño menores de 5 milímetros y se analizaron los índices topográficos, la escala de asfericidad y las curvaturas promedio de la zona Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular Nº 9: 19-26 / Julio - diciembre de 2007 ectasia y apical. Resultados: sólo hubo diferencias significativas en los índices CSI y DSP, no hubo diferencia significativa entre los índices más utilizados como son el SRI y el SAI. Las ectásias de diámetro pequeño tienen mayor tendencia a encontrarse centrales, con ligera tendencia a presentar valores más curvos. Conclusiones: los índices no son los únicos determinantes para clasificar una ectasia como diámetro pequeño, también debe analizarse el tamaño de la ectasia. Valores menores a 5 mm, sin importar el modelo de topógrafo utilizado, definen una ectasia de diámetro pequeño.
Eficacia clínica del fumarato de ketotifeno en el tratamiento de la conjuntivitis alergica
Authors: Herrera M. Hilda Henny , Prada H. Rosa del Pilar
Published: March 2016

Para el tratamiento de la conjuntivitis alérgica tipo I, existen varios principios activos farmacológicos que se agrupan según su actividad, en vasoconstrictores, antihistamínicos, estabilizadores de membrana mastocitaria y antiinflamatorios. En el estudio se empleó el fumarato de ketotifeno al 0,025% cuya acción, incluye bloqueo de los receptores de histamina, estabilizador de la membrana de los mastocitos y supresor de la activación del eosinófilo por citoquinas. Objetivo: determinar clínicamente la eficacia del fumarato de ketotifeno al 0,025% en el tratamiento de la conjuntivitis alérgica. Materiales y métodos: a 46 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de conjuntivitis alérgica, confirmado con la prueba lacrytest, se les trató con fumarato de ketotifeno al 0,025% (Zaditen), una gota cada 12 horas, durante un mes, al cabo del cual se les valoró clínicamente y se les realizó nuevamente la prueba lacrytest. Resultados: después del tratamiento con zaditen, la intensidad de los signos y síntomas oculares (papilas, hiperemia, secreción mucosa, edema, ardor, ojo rojo y prurito) disminu-yeron significativamente. Adicionalmente, hubo disminución significativa de los niveles de IgE en lágrima, (p< 0,05), aun cuando el fármaco no tiene acción directa, sobre la secreción de inmunoglobulinas. Conclusiones: el estudio demostró que además del control de la sintomatología de la conjuntivitis alérgica, el fumarato de ketotifeno al 0,025%, disminuyó significativamente los niveles de IgE en lágrima después de un mes de tratamiento. Es posible que el control de los mediadores inflamatorios en la conjuntiva, en donde se puede realizar el cambio de clase a IgE, haya influido para disminuir la secreción de la misma por parte de los (Linfocitos B).
Comportamiento de los clientes de óptica de Bogotá, Rionegro y Fusagasugá, un estudio piloto
Authors: Hernández Ballesteros Carlos Julio , Pardo Ruiz José , Jiménez Barbosa Ingrid Astrid
Published: March 2016

Una de las principales inquietudes de los profesionales del sector óptico es la de saber, ¿cómo se comporta su cliente?; ¿qué está pensando?, ¿qué lo motiva a comprar? y ¿cómo satisfacer sus necesidades y expectativas para convertirlos en clientes fieles? Objetivo: identificar las características del comportamiento de los clientes del sector y, así mismo, identificar los rasgos culturales que influyen en el comportamiento del cliente ante la realización de una cotización, una compra o el hecho de simplemente observar los productos que ofrece una óptica. Materiales y métodos: se tomó una muestra por conveniencia de 96 clientes de cuatro ópticas localizadas así: una óptica en el centro de Rionegro, otra en el centro de Bogotá, dos ópticas ubicadas en el centro de Fusagasuga. Se aplicaron encuestas a los clientes externos (compradores), una vez éstos habían visitado el establecimiento de óptica, las cuales se analizaron bajo tres variables definidas previamente: comprar, observar y cotizar. Se tuvieron en cuenta el número de respuestas de los clientes tanto internos como externos a las preguntas relacionadas con las variables definidas. Resultados: se encontró que los clientes antes de realizar una compra se basan en la habilidad del vendedor, en la originalidad de los productos (marcas de las monturas) y en la moda característica de su sitio de origen, para tomar la decisión final. Los clientes de ciudades grandes (Bogotá) se guiaron más por la moda, caracterizada por el estilo de vida y el lugar en donde habitan. Y los clientes de ciudades pequeñas (Fusagasuga, Rionegro) se guiaron más por las necesidades ópticas.
Radiación ultravioleta
Authors: Bohórquez-Ballén Jaime , Pérez Mogollón José Fernando
Published: March 2016

Energy coming from the sun that affects the Earth surface is mainly made up infrared, visible and ultra violet (UV) radiation. The solar spectrum portion belonging to UV (almost 7%) affects life on Earth. Small quantities of UV are necessary for human beings to assimilate vitamin D; in plants under normal conditions, help the photosynthesis process; but when exposition to this type of radiation is exaggerated, biological systems may be affected. UV radiation breaks biological molecules as DNA, being thus the main cause for skin cancer. Regarding eyes, a high exposition to UV radiation may cause cataracts. This article shows some properties of UV radiation, how to quantify its effect on biological tissues, especially on skin. This information might be useful when reading specialized literature about this topic and presenting public health reports about UV radiation exposition.
Corrección de la hipermetropía simple y astigmatismo hipermetrópico en niños de 0 - 4 años
Authors: Merchán Price María Susana
Published: March 2016

This article proposes some guidelines to correct ametropias in children, based on a 22 year clinic experience. Unlike ametropias correction in adults where the parameter is to improve vision and to get visual comfort, in children, besides that, the most important purpose is to empower the vision development and the maturity of visual system. Therefore, it is necessary to understand that although the defect correction may achieve that purpose, it may also become a factor that unbalances the emmetropization process. This article proposes some guidelines for the optometrist to be careful when correcting ametropias in children and when choosing the most appropriate moment to correct them.
Estereopsis y sensibilidad al contraste (csf) en niños con ambliopía refractiva
Authors: Bermúdez Marta , López Yolanda , Figueroa Luisa Fernanda
Published: March 2016

Eye development is a process that demands proper eye stimulation in the first years of age. The presence of non-physiological refractive errors produces a blurring image that may alter the evolution of this process, causing amblyopia. Therefore it is useful to implement programs to prevent amblyopia which include diverse tests to completely evaluate visual function. Contrast sensitivity, stereopsis and visual sharpness are aspects of said function, and to apply them helps to increase diagnostic precision in children screen test and assessment and follow-up in the amblyopia patients’ treatment.
Editorial
Authors: Desarrollo Ciencia En
Published: March 2016

Para el grupo editorial de la Revista Ciencia en Desarrollo de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC), es un honor presentar un nuevo volumen del año 2012, con artículos sobre temas de actual desarrollo en genética, ciencia de los materiales, matemáticas y programación, biotecnología, síntesis química y microbiología, de autores provenientes de varias universidades internacionales, de países como México, Brasil, Chile y Venezuela, y de universidades nacionales, como la Universidad del Valle, la Universidadde Boyacá y, por supuesto, la UPTC.
EFECTO DE LAS CONDICIONES DE SÍNTESIS EN MEDIO ACUOSO PARA LA OBTENCIÓN DE ÓXIDOS POLICATIÓNICOS
Authors: Gómez Cuaspud Jairo Alberto , Valencia Ríos Jesús Sigifredo , Schmal Martín
Published: March 2016

En este trabajo se obtuvieron dos óxidos tipo perovskita basados en el sistema La0.75Sr0.25Co0.5Fe0.5O3, mediante el uso de ácido cítrico y propiónico, a fin de evaluar el potencial de cada especie para formar compuestos de coordinación y su efecto en la producción de los óxidos cerámicos finales. Los resultados del modelamiento para establecer y controlar las principales especies químicas en solución acuosa en función del pH, confirmaron que este parámetro es crucial para establecer las condiciones ideales dehomogeneidad. Los análisis de difracción de rayos X, confirman la obtención de materiales con tamaños de cristalito diferentes, de 10.0 nm para el caso de la muestra conseguida con ácido cítrico y de 42.0 nm para la muestra con ácido propiónico. El refinamiento de los resultados de difracción y la a en las bases de datos de la ICSD, permitieron identificar la fase cristalina con un alto grado de homogeneidad y pureza en ambos casos. Los resultados de microscopía electrónica de barrido y de microanálisis por EDS, mostraron algunas similitudes a nivel superficial y textural entre los dosmétodos de obtención, principalmente relacionadas con el tamaño de cristal y con el grado de densificación de los óxidos. 
SÍNTESIS DE COLOIDES DE Au, Ir E Ir-Au Y SU ESTUDIO EN LA HIDROGENACIÓN DE ACROLEÍNA EN FASE GAS
Authors: Sarmiento Hugo A. Rojas , Mancipe Estévez Sonia , Martínez Zambrano José J. , Reyes Patricio , Brijaldo María H.
Published: March 2016

Estudiamos la síntesis de catalizadores coloidales de Au, Ir e Ir-Au, soportados en TiO2. Los sólidos obtenidos fueron caracterizados por difracción de rayos X (XRD), reducción a temperatura programada (TPR), fisisorción de nitrógeno, quimisorción de hidrógeno y microscopia electrónica de transmisión (TEM). La actividad catalítica se evaluó en la hidrogenación selectiva de acroleína en fase gas. Los resultados de caracterización indicaron que las partículasmetálicas no estaban completamente reducidas, por lo que fue necesario un posterior tratamiento térmico de reducción a 773 K; tratamiento que no afectó el tamaño de partícula obtenido por microscopia electrónica de transmisión. La adición de iridio a oro incrementó la capacidad de disociación de hidrógeno con respecto al catalizador de oro monometálico y mejoró su actividad catalítica en la hidrogenación selectiva del grupo C=O de la acroleína. 
Palabras claves: Hidrogenación, acroleína, coloides, oro, iridio, TiO2.