bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANNALYSIS OF Pb, Cu AND Zn METAL CONTENTS IN RED CHUT-CHUT SNAIL (Cerithidea obtusa) AND SEDIMENT IN MENDOL ISLAND KUALA KAMPAR OF RIAU PROVINCE
Authors: Sumanti Susi , Nurachmi Irvina , Ikhwan Siregar Yusni
Published: May 2020

The study was conducted in July 2018. Sampling of sedut snails (Cerithidea obtusa) which was carried out in the waters of Mendol Island, Kuala Kampar District, Pelalawan Regency was aimed to determine the differences in the content of Pb, Cu and Zn between slugs and sediments and to know the consumption limits and the level of heavy metal pollution in the waters of Mendol Island. The method used in this study is the survey method. Sampling was determined using purposive sampling. The results of this study indicate the value of the metal content of Pb, Cu, and Zn in sedut snail highest at station 2, respectively: 9,2633 µg / g, 72,040 µg / g, 111,748 µg / g. Whereas for Pb, Cu, and Zn metals, the highest sediment was found at station 2, namely: 23.990 µg / g, 4.795 µg / g, 48.587 µg / g The results of linear regression analysis of Pb metal concentrations in snail meat showed negative results, and the concentration of Zn and Cu metals in snail meat showed positive results. namely Pb with a value of 14.1930 kg / week on Zn metal with a value of 111.7483 kg / week, while Cu metal at station 2 with a value of 72.0400 kg / week
RELATIONSHIP OF ORGANIC MATERIAL WITH ABUNDANCE OF TOXIC BENTHIC DINOFLAGELLATA ON SEDIMENT IN WATERS OF TELUK BAKAU VILLAGE BINTAN REGENCY, RIAU ISLAND PROVINCE
Authors: Afrizani Syafrinaldi , Nurachmi Irvina , Effendi Irwan
Published: May 2020

Dinoflagellata was included in one of microalgae groups which are on waters of the sea and the river, it can be found on detritus floats, sediments, and also swim freely. This research done on May – June 2018 at waters of the mangrove bay village, Bintan Regency, Riau Island Province. The aims of this research was to know relationship between organic material concentration toward abundance of toxic benthic dinoflagellata on sediment. In addition, to analyzed organic material concentratin and amount of abundance of toxic benthic dinoflagellata on sediment in waters of Teluk Bakau. The method used was survey method which is the location of sampling is done by pursosive sampling. Measurement of water quality sampling done at any point, the surface water temperature range 31-33oC, 28-31 ‰ salinity, pH 8-9 and the current speed from 0.045 to 0.051 m / det.Perairan predominantly sandy gravel sediments, making an average of organic materials ditemukn at each station is 0.027%, 0.043%, 0.033%, 0.024%. The result of this research found 3 genus of toxic dinoflagellata, which are Prorocentrum, Gambierdiscus, and Ostreopsis. Poisonous dinoflagelatta can produced a several types of toxic that found the sea. The highest of abundance found at station 2 on 75,615 sel/m2 and the lowest found at station 1 on 35,176 sel/m2. the results of simple linear regression analysis the relationship between the concentration of organic material with the abundance of dinoflagellates has a positive relationship with the regression equation y = 32,913 + 556,13x
ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF BLOOD CLAMS (Anadara granosa) IN COASTAL WATERS OF MEKARBARU VILLAGE KEPULAUAN MERANTI
Authors: Hendra  , Efriyeldi Efriyeldi , Galib Musrifin
Published: May 2020

This research is expected to find out how abundance and distribution of blood clams (Anadara Granosa) in coastal waters of Mekarbaru village, Kepulauan Meranti District. In good conditions or during the season in a particular month there is more capture compared to when it is not in season. Analyze using descriptive analysis research methods using survey methods. The materials used in this study were blood clam samples (A.granosa), and aquades for tool rinsing. The results of this study can be concluded that the average abundance of blood clams of A. granosa in the coastal waters of Mekarbaru Village, Kepulauan Meranti District is different. The highest average blood clam abundance was found at station III which was 21.86 Ind / m2 and the lowest was at station II which was 19.63 Ind/m2. The size distribution of blood clams A. granosa can be seen that dominating is the size of <25 mm (small), while the size of 25-30 mm (Medium) is only found at each station. The abundance of small blood clams A. granosa is influenced by the content of sediment organic matter and water quality in the coastal waters of Mekarbaru Village, Kepulauan Meranti Regency.
ABUNDANCE OF CORAL FISH SPECIES AND THE CONDITION OF CORAL REEFS IN THE WATERS OF THE TIKUS ISLAND, BENGKULU CITY
Authors: Almaarif  , Samiaji Joko , Thamrin Thamrin
Published: May 2020

Coral reefs are one of the ecosystems that have ecological functions for marine life, one of which is reef fish. Coral fish are marine biota that live in association with coral reefs. This study aims to determine the abundance of reef fish, the condition of coral reefs and the relationship between abundance of reef fish and coral reefs. This research was conducted in June 2019 in the waters of Tikus Island, Bengkulu City. The method used is a survey method. Data collection on reef fish was carried out using the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method and coral reefs condition data colletion is done using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method. The abundance of reef fish found at the study site averages in the abundant category. At station I, an abundance of reef fish was 2,18 ind/m2, at station II it was 4,18 ind/m2, and at station III it was 1,27 ind/m2. While the average condition of coral reefs at the study site is include in the medium category. At station I, the percentage of live coral cover was 39,30% or include in the medium category. At station II, the percentage of live coral cover was 50,94% or include in the good category. And at station III, the percentage of live coral cover was 46,32% or include in the medium category. Coral fish and coral reefs have a fairly close relationship. Reef fish use coral reefs as a place to find food, shelter and spawn or breed.
ABUNDANCE OF CORAL FISH SPECIES AND THE CONDITION OF CORAL REEFS IN THE WATERS OF THE TIKUS ISLAND, BENGKULU CITY
Authors: Rugun  , Effendi Irwan , Mubarak Mubarak , Ambarsari Hanies
Published: May 2020

This research was conducted in April - June 2019, located at the Center for Environmental Technology Laboratory (PTL) - Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Building 820 Geostech, Puspitek Serpong, South Tangerang. The purpose of this study was to determine the biogas production from S. platensis microalgae grown in polluted domestic waste media from Muara Angke waters with different concentrations. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 different treatments of S. platensis concentrations consisting of 5% v/v, 15% v/v and 25% v/v performed three repetitions with the addition cow manure substrate and control without the addition of cow manure substrate. The parameters observed were physical parameters, chemical parameters, biomass calculations and biogas volume measurements. Data were analyzed and tested statistically using Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) and further tested using the LSD test to compare between treatments with a 95% confidence level. Biogas is energy that can be used as an alternative fuel to replace fossil fuels such as petroleum and natural gas. The results showed that S. platensis with the addition of cow dung could produce more biogas volume (4453.6 cm) than S. platensis without the addition of cow dung (697.19 cm). Biogas volume is measured using the gas holder method.
EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZES AND CONTENT OF ORGANIC MATTER SEDIMENT ON EPIPELIC DIATOM ABUNDANCE IN BAYUR BAY WATERS OF WEST SUMATERA
Authors: Benni  , Husein Siregar Sofyan , Nurachmi Irvina
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study is to determine the water quality, the particle size (mm) and the organic matter content sediment, the type and abundance of epipelic diatoms, and  the effect of particle size and organic matter content of the sediment on the abundance of epipelic diatoms at Bayur Bay Waters. This study was conducted in June - July 2019. The survey method was applied in this study and sampling location determine by purposive sampling. The resullt of measurement of water quality parameter ranged salinity 29 ‰ - 34 ‰, pH 7-8, current speed of 0,10 m/s – 0,53 m/s, temperature 30,330C - 31,670C. The sediment types are grouped into four types, namely gravel, sandy gravel, gravelly sand, and sand. The average of particle size (Mz) ranged -1,37 Ø - 0,80 Ø. The organic matter on sediment ranged 2,46% -6,36%. Eleven species of epipelic diatoms was recorded namely Amphora sp, Cocconeis sp, Diploineis sp, Halamphora sp, Melosira sp, Navicula sp, Nitzschia sp, Pinnularia sp, Stephanodiscus sp, Isthmia sp and Synedra sp. The average value of abundance range 2.836 – 10.812 ind/cm2. Epipelik diatom abundance was not significantly different between the stations. The effect of sediment particle size on the abundance of epipelic diatoms by 34,37%. The effect of content of organic matter sediment on abundance of epipelic diatoms in Bayur Bay Waters by 51,78%.
ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC AND ANORGANIC DEBRIS IN AIR MANIS BEACH, NIRWANA BEACH AND CAROLINA BEACH OF PADANG CITY WEST SUMATERA PROVINCE
Authors: Yusron  , Amin Bintal , Elizal Elizal
Published: May 2020

This research was conducted in October 2019 to determine the effect of differences in the addition of KH2PO4 concentrations and the concentration of microalgae Scendesmus vacuolatus with experiment method. The results showed significant effect was found on differences in microalgae concentration and KH2PO4 concentration. KH2PO4 with the concentration of 8 ppm is the most influential on decreasing phosphate levels than KH2PO4 with 5 ppm. The highest samples in phosphate reduction were A2, B2 and C2 with different algal formulations and 8 ppm KH2PO4 concentration. Two-way ANOVA test showed sig. 0.000, Which was mean that there were significant effect to decrease levels of phosphate based on concentration. Post hoc DMRT which has a significantly different dominance value of KH2PO4 concentration results that A1, B1, C1 with A2, B2, C2 have significant differences in the decrease in phosphate levels due to differences in KH2PO4 levels.
Clinical Profile and Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Findings of Patients Presenting with Liver Cirrhosis with Portal Hypertension
Authors: Chaudhary Shatdal , Jaiswal Niraj Kumar , Shahi Aakash , Chhetri Pradip
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Liver cirrhosis is a common problem faced by physicians worldwide and is also responsible for 11th most common cause of death globally. Data regarding prevalence of esophageal varices and other upper gastrointestinal changes in patients with liver cirrhosis is scare in Nepal. So this study was carried out to find clinical profile and upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings of patients presenting with liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational hospital based study conducted in the department of internal medicine and endoscopy unit of the Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Nepal. The study was done from 21 February 2019 to 20 November 2019 in the patients presented with liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension. Sample size of 80±10 was calculated based on the statistics of previous data. The upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was done in all the patients. The data was collected using the predesigned pro-forma.

Results: Total 89 patients with liver cirrhosis were enrolled with mean age of 51.84±12.26 years and male: female ratio of 3.68:1. As per Child Pugh classification (CTP) 45 patients (51%) were in Class C, 33 patients (37%) were in Class B and 11 patients (12%) were in Class A. Esophageal varices were present in 51 (57.3%) patients. According to Westaby classification grade I esophageal varices were seen in 17 (19.1%), grade II esophageal varices were seen in 26 (29.2%), grade III esophageal varices were seen in 8 (8.9%) patients. Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) was seen in 64 (71%) patients. The association between esophageal varices and PHG grade was found statistically significant (P= <0.001).

Conclusions: Liver cirrhosis was more commonly seen in middle age males. Esophageal varices and portal hypertensive gastropathy were common endoscopic findings present in patients with liver cirrhosis. There was statistically significant association between esophageal varices and PHG.
Myths versus Truths regarding the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-2019) Outbreak
Authors: Amgain Kapil , Neupane Sujana , Panthi Laxmi , Thapaliya Pooja
Published: May 2020

Background: The Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease caused by the COVID-19 Virus. This virus belongs to the family of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and classified as SARS-CoV-2, a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that is causing an ongoing global pandemic. The outbreak of this novel Coronavirus (nCoV-19) is causing great fear in public due to its rapid spread over 200 countries worldwide and created a global Public Health Emergency. The virus is an intracellular obligatory parasite that can even infect bacteria called Bacteriophage. Unlike Bacteria, Virus is not a living microorganism and can’t multiply in the outer environment. If we draw a line in between the living and non-living, it lies in the border3. However, the peculiar characteristic of the virus is that it can be living after entering the body of the living organism, causing harmful effects. Since it behaves like dust or dirt outside of our body, it is better to wash them out and prevent it to enter our bodies. In this way, the best way of prevention of this novel COVID-19 viral disease is to wash it out from our hand, rather than killing it by using a disinfectant, hand sanitizer, alcohol-based rub, etc.

Key Message: Don’t Get the Virus, Don’t Give the Virus. Since COVID-19 Virus can enter the body from the reservoir mainly through respiratory droplets during coughing, keeping social distance and proper hand-washing are the best way to preventive measure. To prevent the rapid spreading of COVID-19, please strictly follow the following five precautionary and preventive measures yourself and ask others too.

HANDS – wash them often with soap and water

ELBOW – cough into it

FACE – don’t touch it

SPACE – keep social distance (> 3feets)

FEEL SICK? - Stay home (with proper nursing care)
Indications for Caesarean Section and its Fetal and Maternal Outcome in a Teaching Hospital, Province Five, Nepal
Authors: Panth Asha , Bhattarai Saraswoti Kumari Gautam , Acharya Sunita
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Cesarean section (CS) is an operative technique by which a fetus is delivered through an abdominal and uterine incision and is effective in saving maternal and infant lives but caesarean section rates higher than 10% are not associated with reductions in maternal and newborn mortality rates. The objective of the study was to find out the indications for caesarean section and its fetal and maternal outcomes in a Teaching Hospital, Province Five, Nepal.

Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in a teaching hospital, Nepal. A total of 150 purposively selected postnatal mothers after caesarean section were interviewed by face to face technique using a structured interview schedule. Analysis and interpretation of the findings were done with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: The study shows that the majority (93.3%) of mothers had undergone an emergency caesarean section and the majority (92%) had maternal indications for caesarean section. Among them, one third had a previous caesarean section followed by 14.5% obstructed labor. Fetal indications include breach (44.4%), fetal distress (29.6%), big baby (11.1) and twins and triplets (3.7%). Only (10.7%) had an unfavorable fetal outcome which includes the need for Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) (31.2%) followed by neonatal death (25%). Only three mothers (2%) had an unfavorable maternal outcome which includes Post-Partum Hemorrhage (PPH); need for blood transfusion and fever respectively. There is no statistically significant association between sociodemographic characteristics and type of caesarean section. There is a statistically significant association between the previous history of caesarean section and type of caesarean section (P= .005).

Conclusions: Previous caesarean section was the most common indication for caesarean section. Unfavorable outcome after caesarean section was considerably present which needs to be addressed.
Knowledge and Practice of Family Planning Methods among Married Women of Reproductive Age of Chepang Community of Dhading District
Authors: Panta Prem Prasad , Tripathi Prativa , Amgain Kapil , Sharma Deepak
Published: May 2020

Background: Knowledge of family planning plays a significant role in public health to control birth and maintain the health of women. The Chepang, a backward and deprived indigenous group of Nepal, heavily experiences teenage pregnancies, high fertility and high mortality of infants  and mothers, which are largely due to lack of knowledge on family planning. So, the objective of this study was to find  knowledge and practice regarding family planning among married women of reproductive age.

Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among married women of the Chepang community, Benighat, Dhadnig, Nepal from September 2016 to November 2016. A simple random probability sampling technique was used to collect 80 respondents.

Results: The mean age of the respondents was (30.7 ± 7) years, ranging from 17 to 47, with majority being 25-29 years.. The average marital age, and average age at first pregnancy were (16.7 ± 2) years and (17.7 ± 2.33) years respectively. Ninety-two percent of the respondents were aware of family planning. The major sources of information were health workers (79.2%) and radio/television (57.1%). The most known methods of contraception were Depo- provera (87.3%) and pills (85.7%), whereas least known methods were copper T (31%) and Norplant (31%).  The contraceptive prevalence was 49.9%, among which pills and Depo provera were used maximum by the respondents (41.1%). One third (33.8%) of the respondents had the adequate knowledge. Education, spousal communication, current contraceptive users, married age, number of children, and age at first pregnancy were the significant factors affecting the knowledge and practice of family planning (P < 0.05). 

Conclusion: Literacy status, spousal communication, marital age, size of children, and age at first pregnancy are the associated factors of knowledge. Whereas, practicing of family planning was associated to cultural taboos, self-decision, literacy status, and spousal communication.
Seasonal Variation of Appendicitis in High Altitude Region of Nepal: Five years’ Experience of a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Menyangbo Suryaman , Bhatta Gakul , Devkota Harihar , Neupane Manik , Rokaya Poojan , Panta Prem Prasad
Published: May 2020

Background: Acute appendicitis is the most common general surgical disease, worldwide. The exact etiology is still in conjecture. However, the inadequate fiber in diet, smoking, mechanical obstruction in appendiceal lumen, has been attributed as factors for appendicitis. Appendicitis presents throughout months of the year, however, incidence increases in particular months. The objective of this study is to observe the appendicitis incidence variation with months of the year in high altitude region of Nepal.

Methods: The cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in the Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Jumla situated at the altitude above 2500 m from sea level. The clinical data were retrieved from the hospital record book in the Operation Theater that included age, gender, ethnicity, month of the appendectomy executed, pre-operative clinical presentation, and operative findings. The period of study was from July 2014 to March 2020.  The data were entered in Microsoft Excel software and descriptive analysis was done to get mean, median percentage, standard deviation by SPSS 16.

Results: A total of 119 appendectomies performed during 5 years period, from 2014 to 2020, in the surgery department of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences were recorded. The mean age of appendectomy was 27 years. There were 53% female (n=64) and 46% male (n=55) patients. The months in which the highest appendectomy executed were July/August/September and February with 16% (n=19), 13.4% (n=16), (n=15) 12.6% and 13.4% (n=16) respectively. The lowest incidence was 1.7% in the month of April.

Conclusion: The incidence of appendicitis is high in the months from July to September with the lowest incidence is in the months of April and May. This information could be useful to decrease the disease-associated morbidity and mortality as well as it can be useful for hospital administration for enrolling the needed health-workers in those particular time periods.
Specialty training in Medicine
Authors: Baral Gehanath
Published: May 2020

Medical service is unconditional act with good faith that doesn’t always follow the theory ofeconomics and business. Specialty training is must and sub-specialty is the demand of time.Medical education and trainings are delivered according to the desired target within the definedterritory.
Cervical cancer screening by conventional Pap smear versus liquid based cytology
Authors: Basnyat Subi , Baral Gehanath , Malla Karishma
Published: May 2020

Aims: To evaluate Liquid Based Cytology (LBC) diagnostic performance compared with Conventional Pap Smear (CPS) for cervical cancer screening and to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the two cytology methods with gold standard cervical biopsy.
Methods: This is a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted from April 2017 to April 2018 in 110 sample randomly selected at gynecology OPD in Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital. Paired samples (CPS and LBC) were taken from the same patient. Abnormal epithelial lesion detected in LBC and CPS was sent for biopsy. Bethedsa reporting system was followed and data analyzed in terms of diagnostic accuracy.
Results: LBC vs CPS for satisfactory report was 96.4% vs 91.8% while unsatisfactory was 3.6% vs 1.8% (p=0.02). The detection of premalignant lesions was ASCUS 2.7%, HSIL 4.5%, ASCUS-H 1.8% and LSIL 0.9% by LBC while by CPS- ASC-US 0.9%, HSIL 3.6%, LSIL 1.8% and ASC-H 0.9% were detected. The sensitivity and specificity of LBC vs CPS was 100% vs 88% and 81.8% vs 99% respectively. The positive predictive and negative predictive value of LBC vs CPS was 81.8% vs 88% and 100% vs 99% respectively.
Conclusions: Cell pick-up was satisfactory in both LBC and CPS. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of CPS is similar whereas the positive predictive value of LBC is less than its sensitivity. Cervical cancer screening with CPS is effective alternative over LBC by its cost and level of accuracy.
Need of Fellowship Training in Nepal: Obstetrics and Gynecology Sub-specialties Are Not Left Behind
Authors: Dangal Ganesh , Baral Gehanath
Published: May 2020

There is increasing demand of more and more specialized services and trainings in medical field and Obstetrics and Gynecology is not an exception to it. As a sub-specialty training Gynecological oncology and Urogynecology fellowships have become a developmental milestone under National Academy of Medical Sciences since 2018. Resource utilization for academic purpose in public-private-partnership model is beneficial.
Aboriginal Title in the Press at Red River and New Westminster
Authors: Storey Kenton
Published: May 2020

This article is a historical study of how newspaper editors at Red River and New Westminster dealt with the subject of Aboriginal title across the 1860s. In so doing, the article responds to Bain Attwood’s injunction of how “historians must seek to recover the realpolitik of the frontier, what actually happened in colonial settings and how aboriginal title was shaped by relationships between colonizers, colonized and the imperial and colonial state.” At both Red River and New Westminster, editors commented extensively about how Indigenous property rights had not yet been dealt with, lobbying for local and imperial authorities to take action. But while this support for the recognition of Aboriginal title remained consistent over time in Red River, writers in New Westminster eventually quit their advocacy. Through this analysis, the article also reckons with Stuart Banner’s argument that the recognition or non-recognition of Aboriginal title in British and American sites across the Pacific region was driven primarily by local factors rather than by imperial policy. With this theory in mind, of key importance to this article are the significance of treaty-making precedents and the degree to which editors understood or cared about Indigenous conceptions of land tenure.
Direct Measurement of Veterinary Student Learning Outcomes for the NAVMEC Professional Competencies in a Multi-User Virtual Learning Environment
Authors: Espitia Noberto F. , Zoran Debra L. , Clendenin Angela , Crosby Sammie M. , Dominguez Brandon , Ellis Cheryl L. , Hilburn Amy , Moyer William , Bissett Wesley T.
Published: May 2020

Education in veterinary medicine, as in other allied health care–health science professions and academia in general, has been subject to the public call for accountability for the quality of its student learning outcomes. A principal stakeholder in veterinary medicine is the American Veterinary Medical Association–Council on Education (AVMA–COE). AVMA–COE has adopted program accreditation standards requiring veterinary colleges to provide evidence that they are measuring and assessing the clinical competency of students before graduation and again shortly after graduation. Schools and colleges are required to develop relevant measures to validate scientific knowledge, skills, and values aligned with North American Veterinary Medical Education Consortium (NAVMEC) core competencies. Beginning in May 2012, the College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at Texas A&M University modified the professional veterinary medical curriculum by including a required clinical rotation centered on veterinary emergency preparedness and response. A distinguishing major component of the instructional design of the clinical rotation includes Second Life, a commercially obtained computer-generated multi-user virtual simulation learning environment. The virtual reality situations require high-volume, mass-casualty medical triage decision making. The interpersonal communications and interactivity among students, faculty, and third-party actors enable faculty and instructor observers and simulation facilitators to evaluate students actively engaged in critical thinking and complex problem solving while demonstrating skill in the NAVMEC professional competencies. The Second Life virtual simulation has been adopted as a primary tool for direct measurement of student learning objectives outcomes achieved in this clinical rotation and is being implemented in other clinical teaching platforms.
Full-Time Employment or Post-Graduate Education: A Means–Ends Investigation of Fourth-Year Veterinary Students
Authors: Mueller Kathryn , Hofmeister Erik H. , Lyon Shane D. , Woolcock Andrew
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this article is to identify the motivations for fourth-year veterinary students to pursue either full-time employment or post-graduate education. Twenty-one fourth-year veterinary students were interviewed using a means–ends investigation style. Interviews were analyzed using a qualitative method in the context of the self-determination theory pillars of intrinsic motivation (autonomy, competence, and relatedness). Students interested in full-time employment had more statements that were categorized as demonstrating an interest in autonomy. Students who were interested in post-graduate education had more statements that were categorized as demonstrating an interest in developing competence. Both groups of students indicated that relatedness was important. Understanding the beliefs and motivations that influence students’ post-graduation career decisions is important in framing their decision-making process.
Scientific and Technological Mapping in Essential Oils Therapists in Dentistry
Authors: Tatum Letícia-Maria Macedo , Bortoli Robélius De-
Published: May 2020

Essential oils play a very important role in terms of both applicability and economics, and their use in dentistry brings natural alternatives to diseases with a worldwide scope. Science needs incentives to generate knowledge and when used in technology, it benefits society. The aim of this study was to assess the balance between scientific and technological research. It is an exploratory and descriptive research of essential oils in dentistry, in two international databases, Scopus and Espacenet. It was possible to extract quantitative data from scientific documents produced by affiliated entities in each country, profile of scientific production with support from funding entities, countries that most published scientific documents, international classification of patent applications and number of published patents.
Public Research Institutions and Their Connections with Patents of Companies in Technological and Regional Development
Authors: Almeida Borges de Freitas Robson , Martins de Oliveira Júnior Antônio , Da Costa e Silva Melo Humbérila , Almeida Freitas de Azevedo Margarete , Bezerra da Silva Marina , Emilia Camargo Maria
Published: May 2020

The interaction between companies and universities is a central theme in discussions on technology transfer. In Brazil, there is an urgent need to raise awareness of the importance of this cooperative relationship for local and regional development. In this sense, it is observed that the innovation process is strategic so that an institution is strengthened and can fulfill its social mission in economic and regional development. Piauí, according to the IBGE census, has a population estimate of 3,273,227 in 2019. Piaui's per capita income is R$ 817.00 and ranks 24th in Brazil in this regard. With these data, the need arises to intervene scientifically in this reality. The objective of this study is to investigate the partnership relationships between companies and public research institutions in Piauí, in the development and transfer of technologies. Research Institutions are the main promoters of technological development in the state, however, for these technologies to reach productive arrangements, strategic alignment in the management of these technologies is necessary. Documentary research was used, with a quantitative approach. In the exploratory search, INPI's databases (National Institute of Industrial Property) and of Espacenet ( European Patent Office ) was used. We sought to select the companies with relevant economic representativeness in the state scenario and investigated the patent information. In the analysis of the data obtained, the Competitiveness Ranking of the CLP States (Public Leadership) was used to compare Piauí with well positioned states. According to the results found, it is observed that the transfer of technology between research institutions and companies is not evident. However, we can see that there are partnership initiatives with small companies in conducting research that can project a change in this scenario. The low number of patents and public/private partnerships in driving innovation in the state of Piauí, may be related to the low index evidenced by the Competitiveness Ranking of States - CLP.
Specialized Educational Service: mishaps and challenges
Authors: Camargo Maria Aparecida Santana , Royer Fernanda Isabel
Published: May 2020

inclusive education is still a controversial, non-consensual issue that generates doubts and insecurities for educators. In this sense, this article aims to reflect on the educational reality found by this public, and present the work done by the NAPNE (Center for Assistance to People with Specific Educational Needs) of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul Regarding the methodology used, this is a qualitative research, with a theoretical nature, through a literature review of the current legislation and the IFRS Institutional Pedagogical Project.
Importance of The Brand in The Internationalization of Exporting Companies
Authors: Lima do Nascimento Rosa Leila , De Oliveira Santos Kleber , Lima Martins Júnior João Amaury , Mota de Souza Derbi , Almeida Paixão Ana Eleonora
Published: May 2020

The actual article succinctly approach the importance of the brand in the internationalization process and how well-founded strategies in this process are gaining prominence in the business context, since the current phase of globalization, the increase in competition, the pace for innovation and the opening of new markets, are directly impacting in the performance of companies in their market. Therefore, this study defined the objective of analyzing the importance of the brand in the internationalization process of companies. The methodology used was literary research opted for bibliographic review, which is based on the analysis of the literature already published, from articles and dissertations in recent years in Portuguese and English, found in periodicals indexed in the SciELO databases. (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and Google Scholar, beyond books relevant to this theme.
The Use of Vitamin D in The Infectious Process in The Hospital Period in Childhood Effective?
Authors: Ramos Eliza Miranda , Lima Matheus Dullius de , Gonzalez Jéssica Eloy Cunha , Facco Gilberto Gonçalves , Melo Elaine S. de P. , Ramos Hugo Vieira , Reis Francisco José Mendes dos , Souza Igor Domingos de , Nascimento Valter Aragão do
Published: May 2020

Goals: To verify whether the use of Vitamin D as parallel therapy to hospital and drug treatment can be effective in the process of infectious reduction in hospitalized children. Data source: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, published between 2011 and the first quarter of 2019, in the Cochrane Library, Medline, US National Library of Medicine and the National Institute of Health (PubMed), Literature databases. Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (Lilacs), Scopus and Web of Science. The studies were scored by the Down and Black scale associated with the quality assessment method according to the Cochrane criteria (RCT). Summary of the data: Of the 1475 studies, 09 were included. There is a direct relationship between Vitamin D level and mortality rate in hospitalized children with infections. Conclusion: This study highlighted that the vitamin D deficiency in children under serum analysis during hospitalization triggers severe immunological changes.
Comparison of Quarterly Performance in Science of Grade 7 Students in Public School
Authors: Francisco Leonardo M. Jr. , Ongoco Areeya Amor
Published: May 2020

In a typical science curriculum with different scientific disciplines (Chemistry, Biology, Physics and Earth Sciences) taught in every quarter, it is important to determine the difference in the performance of students under each discipline.  In this study, the comparison of quarterly performance in Science of Grade 7 Students was examined. Wherein, the consolidated quarterly grades in science from the previous school year (June 2018 - April 2019) from five sections with a total of 272 male and female grade 7 students were used as data. It employed a quantitative research design using a One-way Analysis of Variance ( ANOVA) to determine the significant difference in the mean grades per quarter. Additionally, an interview with the science teachers who handled the samples was conducted to gather qualitative data to further explain the results. The results of this study revealed a mean of 83.50 from the combined grades in the second quarter which is the lowest among the four quarters. However, the results from ANOVA  generated a significance of .123 (p≥.05) which means that there is no significant difference between the grades in the first, second, third and fourth quarter.
Temporopolar amygdalohippocampectomy: seizure control and postoperative outcomes
Authors: de Souza João Paulo Sant Ana Santos , Ayub Gabriel , Nogueira Mateus , Zanao Tamires , Lopes Tátila Martins , Pimentel-Silva Luciana Ramalho , Domene Vinicius , Marquez Gabriel , Yasuda Clarissa Lin , Ribeiro Letícia Franceschet , Campos Brunno M. , Vasconcellos José , Rogerio Fabio , Joaquim Andrei Fernandes , Cendes Fernando , Tedeschi Helder , Ghizoni Enrico
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a modified surgical approach for the treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy secondary to hippocampal sclerosis (HS). This modified approach, called temporopolar amygdalohippocampectomy (TP-AH), includes a transsylvian resection of the temporal pole and subsequent amygdalohippocampectomy utilizing the limen insula as an anatomical landmark.

METHODS

A total of 61 patients who were diagnosed with HS and underwent TP-AH between 2013 and 2017 were enrolled. Patients performed pre- and postoperative diffusion tensor imaging and were classified according to Engel’s scale for seizure control. To evaluate the functional preservation of the temporal stem white-matter fiber tracts, the authors analyzed postoperative Humphrey perimetries and pre- and postoperative neurocognitive performance (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test [RAVLT], Weschler Memory Scale–Revised [WMS-R], intelligence quotient [IQ], Boston Naming Test [BNT], and semantic and phonemic fluency). Demographic data and surgical complications were also recorded and described.

RESULTS

After a median follow-up of 36 ± 16 months, 46 patients (75.4%) achieved Engel class I, of whom 37 (60.6%) were Engel class IA. No significant changes in either the inferior frontooccipital fasciculus and optic radiation tractography were observed postoperatively for both left- and right-side surgeries. Reliable perimetry was obtained in 40 patients (65.6%), of whom 27 (67.5%) did not present any visual field defects (VFDs) attributable to surgery, while 12 patients (30%) presented with quadrant VFD, and 1 patient (2.5%) presented with hemifield VFD. Despite a significant decline in verbal memory (p = 0.007 for WMS-R, p = 0.02 for RAVLT recognition), there were significant improvements in both IQ (p < 0.001) and visual memory (p = 0.007). Semantic and phonemic fluency, and scores on the BNT, did not change postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS

TP-AH provided seizure control similar to historical temporal lobe approaches, with a tendency to preserve the temporal stem and a satisfactory incidence of VFD. Despite a significant decline in verbal memory, there were significant improvements in both IQ and visual memory, along with preservation of executive function. This approach can be considered a natural evolution of the selective transsylvian approach.
Preoperative localization of seizure onset zones by magnetic source imaging, EEG-correlated functional MRI, and their combination
Authors: Berger Assaf , Cohen Noa , Fahoum Firas , Medvedovsky Mordekhay , Meller Aaron , Ekstein Dana , Benifla Mony , Aizenstein Orna , Fried Itzhak , Gazit Tomer , Strauss Ido
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

Preoperative localization of seizure onset zones (SOZs) is an evolving field in the treatment of refractory epilepsy. Both magnetic source imaging (MSI), and the more recent EEG-correlated functional MRI (EEG-fMRI), have shown applicability in assisting surgical planning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of each method and their combination in localizing the seizure onset lobe (SL).

METHODS

The study included 14 patients who underwent both MSI and EEG-fMRI before undergoing implantation of intracranial EEG (icEEG) as part of the presurgical planning of the resection of an epileptogenic zone (EZ) during the years 2012–2018. The estimated location of the SL by each method was compared with the location determined by icEEG. Identification rates of the SL were compared between the different methods.

RESULTS

MSI and EEG-fMRI showed similar identification rates of SL locations in relation to icEEG results (88% ± 31% and 73% ± 42%, respectively; p = 0.281). The additive use of the coverage lobes of both methods correctly identified 100% of the SL, significantly higher than EEG-fMRI alone (p = 0.039) and nonsignificantly higher than MSI (p = 0.180). False-identification rates of the additive coverage lobes were significantly higher than MSI (p = 0.026) and EEG-fMRI (p = 0.027). The intersecting lobes of both methods showed the lowest false identification rate (13% ± 6%, p = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Both MSI and EEG-fMRI can assist in the presurgical evaluation of patients with refractory epilepsy. The additive use of both tests confers a high identification rate in finding the SL. This combination can help in focusing implantation of icEEG electrodes targeting the SOZ.
A matched-pair analysis of clinical outcomes after intracavitary cesium-131 brachytherapy versus stereotactic radiosurgery for resected brain metastases
Authors: Julie Diana A. , Lazow Stefanie P. , Vanderbilt Daniel B. , Taube Shoshana , Yondorf Menachem Z. , Sabbas Albert , Pannullo Susan , Schwartz Theodore H. , Wernicke A. Gabriella
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

Adjuvant radiation therapy (RT), such as cesium-131 (Cs-131) brachytherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), reduces local recurrence (LR) of brain metastases (BM). However, SRS is less efficacious for large cavities, and the delay between surgery and SRS may permit tumor repopulation. Cs-131 has demonstrated improved local control, with reduced radiation necrosis (RN) compared to SRS. This study represents the first comparison of outcomes between Cs-131 brachytherapy and SRS for resected BM.

METHODS

Patients with BM treated with Cs-131 and SRS following gross-total resection were retrospectively identified. Thirty patients who underwent Cs-131 brachytherapy were compared to 60 controls who received SRS. Controls were selected from a larger cohort to match the patients treated with Cs-131 in a 2:1 ratio according to tumor size, histology, performance status, and recursive partitioning analysis class. Overall survival (OS), LR, regional recurrence, distant recurrence (DR), and RN were compared.

RESULTS

With a median follow-up of 17.5 months for Cs-131–treated and 13.0 months for SRS-treated patients, the LR rate was significantly lower with brachytherapy; 10% for the Cs-131 cohort compared to 28.3% for SRS patients (OR 0.281, 95% CI 0.082–0.949; p = 0.049). Rates of regional recurrence, DR, and OS did not differ significantly between the two cohorts. Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank testing showed a significantly higher likelihood of freedom from LR (p = 0.027) as well as DR (p = 0.018) after Cs-131 compared to SRS treatment (p = 0.027), but no difference in likelihood of OS (p = 0.093). Six (10.0%) patients who underwent SRS experienced RN compared to 1 (3.3%) patient who received Cs-131 (p = 0.417).

CONCLUSIONS

Postresection patients with BM treated with Cs-131 brachytherapy were more likely to achieve local control compared to SRS-treated patients. This study provides preliminary evidence of the potential of Cs-131 to reduce LR following gross-total resection of single BM, with minimal toxicity, and suggests the need for a prospective study to address this question.
Long-term outcome of large sylvian arachnoid cysts: the role of surgery has been exaggerated
Authors: Kim Kyung Hyun , Lee Ji Yeoun , Phi Ji Hoon , Kim Seung-Ki , Cho Byung-Kyu , Wang Kyu-Chang
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

The surgical indications for some arachnoid cysts (ACs) are controversial. While surgical procedures can be effective when an AC is a definite cause of hydrocephalus or papilledema, most ACs do not cause any symptoms or signs. Some surgeons perform several procedures to treat ACs because of their large size. The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of Galassi type III ACs between surgery and nonsurgery groups.

METHODS

The medical records of 60 patients diagnosed with sylvian ACs (Galassi type III) who visited Seoul National University Children’s Hospital from July 1990 to March 2018 were analyzed. The authors compared the outcomes between those treated with surgery and those not treated with surgery.

RESULTS

Of the 60 patients, 27 patients had no symptoms, 19 patients had vague symptoms and signs associated with ACs, and the remaining 14 patients had definite AC-related symptoms and signs. Thirty-eight patients underwent surgery, and 22 patients underwent observation. Some operations were accompanied by complications. Among the 33 patients in the surgery group, excluding 5 with hydrocephalus or papilledema, 8 patients needed 18 additional operations. However, there were no patients in the nonsurgery group who needed surgical intervention during the follow-up period (mean 67.5 months), although the size of the AC increased in 2 patients. Changes in AC size were not correlated with symptom relief.

CONCLUSIONS

When patients with hydrocephalus or papilledema were excluded, there was no difference in the outcomes between the surgery and nonsurgery groups regardless of the size of the sylvian AC. Surgeons should be cautious when deciding whether to operate.
Radiographic findings for surgery-related complications after pedicle subtraction osteotomy for thoracolumbar kyphosis in 230 patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Lee Keun-Ho , Kim Ki-Tack , Kim Yong-Chan , Lee Joong-Won , Ha Kee-Yong
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to investigate the rate of and the risk factors for surgery-related complications demonstrated on radiography after pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) for thoracolumbar kyphosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

METHODS

The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 230 consecutive patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis due to AS who had undergone 1-level PSO at a single institution in the period from 2010 to 2017. The causes of surgery-related complications were divided into two types: surgical/technical failure and mechanical failure.

RESULTS

The patients consisted of 20 women and 210 men, with an average age of 43.4 years. The average follow-up period was 39.0 months. The preoperative sagittal vertical axis was 18.5 ± 69.3 cm, which improved to 4.9 ± 4.6 cm after PSO. Of the 77 patients (33.5%) who experienced minor or major surgery-related complications, 56 had complications related to surgical/technical failure (overall incidence 24.3%) and 21 had complications related to mechanical failure (overall incidence 9.1%). Fourteen patients (6.1%) underwent reoperation. However, among the 77 patients with complications, the rate of revision surgery was 18.2%. The most common radiological complications were as follows: sagittal translation in 24 patients, coronal imbalance in 20, under-correction in 8, delayed union in 8, and distal junctional failure and kyphosis in 8. The most common causes of reoperation were coronal imbalance in 4 patients, symptomatic malposition of pedicle screws in 3, and distal junctional failure in 3. Delayed union was statistically correlated with posterior sagittal translation (p = 0.007).

CONCLUSIONS

PSO can provide acceptable radiographic outcomes for the correction of thoracolumbar kyphosis in patients with AS. However, a high incidence of surgery-related complications related to mechanical failure and surgical technique can develop. Thorough radiographic investigation before and during surgery is needed to determine whether complete ossification occurs along the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments of the spine.