bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral Health Knowledge, Behaviour and Self-Reported Oral Health Conditions among Medical Students in Western Uganda.
Authors: WATITIU Stephen Kinyanjui , AGHOLOR Collins Nimbiye , AMALIMEH Benedict Erhite
Published: August 2023

Objective: To assess the oral health knowledge, oral health behaviour, and self-reported oral health conditions among undergraduate medical students on clinical rotation in Dentistry.

Methods The study recruited 104 undergraduate medical students on clinical rotation in Dentistry at the Kampala International University – Western Campus dental clinic. Data was collected online using a structured questionnaire uploaded to a Google form for easy data collection while also controlling non-response. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 26. A test for the association between the variables was done using Pearson’s chi-square statistic. Statistical significance was considered to be p-value < 0.05.

Results: The majority (59.6%) of the respondents were male, aged between 22 and 25 years with a mean age of 22.20 ± 1.45. Findings showed that the majority of the respondents had basic knowledge of oral health and the prevention of oral disease.  However, it was observed that 54.8% of respondents had not had a dental visit in the past year. The study also investigated self-reported oral health conditions, and it was observed that 83.7% of respondents reported having oral infections or diseases in the last year.

Conclusion: The level of knowledge on oral health among participants in the study did not consistently translate into appropriate oral health behaviour. There is a need to include oral health as part of the curriculum for medical students for practical orientation. Also, the students should be encouraged to adopt recommended oral health practices and guidelines to ensure that they are both knowledgeable and capable of maintaining good oral health for themselves and the communities they intend to serve.
Behavioural, Sedative and Anticonvulsant Activities of Ethanol Extract of the Leaf of Lagenaria breviflora (Benth) in Mice
Authors: Olurankinse A.I. , Imoru J.O. , Oyemitan I.A.
Published: August 2023

Background: Lagenaria breviflora Benth is used in West Africa as a traditional remedy for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, the  treatment of human measles, digestive disorders, and as a wound antiseptic.

Objectives: This study investigated the behavioural, sedative, and anticonvulsant activities of the ethanol extract of Lagenaria breviflora  (EOLB) in mice, and its possible mechanism(s) of action.

Materials and Methods: The CNS activities of EOLB (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, i.p., n=6) were evaluated using animal models of novelty- induced behaviours (NIB), sedation (ketamine-induced hypnosis), and anticonvulsion (maximal electroshock (MES), pentylenetetrazole  (PTZ), and strychnine). Probable mechanism(s) were evaluated using an antagonist (flumazenil, 2 mg/ml, i.p.) and an agonist  (amphetamine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) on NIB.

Results: LD50 values obtained were 1225 mg/kg and greater than 5000 mg/kg for the  intraperitoneal and oral routes respectively. The EOLB at all doses tested significantly (p<0.01) inhibited the NIB. The EOLB (400 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.01) shortened sleep latency and significantly (p<0.05) prolonged the total sleeping time induced by ketamine (100  mg/kg, i.p.). EOLB at 400 mg/kg gave 33.3 % protection against HLTE caused by the MES-induced convulsion, significantly (p<0.01)  prolonged the time of death, and offered 83.3 % protection against convulsion caused by PTZ. Flumazenil and amphetamine (2 mg/kg,  i.p. respectively) significantly (p<0.001) reversed the effects of the EOLB on NIB.

Conclusions: The study concluded that the ethanol leaf  extract of Lagenaria breviflora is safe orally and mildly toxic intraperitoneally. The extract showed significant depressive activity on the  central nervous system, sedative and anticonvulsant activities which may be mediated through augmentation of GABAergic or inhibition  of the dopaminergic neural pathways, thus supporting some of the tradomedicinal claims of the uses of Lagenaria breviflora.
Synthesis and characterization of mehtylammonium bismuth iodide via solvent engineering
Authors: Abdulkareem B.
Published: August 2023

Hybrid organic–inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) are an emerging class of photovoltaic materials that have gained tremendous attention in the field of optoelectronics. This work aims to investigate the characteristics of bismuth-based halide perovskite via solvent engineering for solar cell application. A bismuth-based organo-inorganic perovskite was synthesized and characterized for solar cell application via solvent engineering using Gamma Butyrolactone (GBL) as the based solvent and enhanced with Methylamine (MA) and acetonitrile (ACN). A solution processing facile method was adopted in the synthesis of the perovskite. The solvent engineering aims to tune its band gap and a remarkable band gap of 1.58eV which is within the range of an ideal band gap (1.5-1.6) required for solar cell application. The XRD micrograph exhibited several narrow sharp peaks which indicated crystallinity formation of the synthesized sample with 86% crystallinity. The FESEM/EDS micrograph indicated nature of the formed crystals and the chemical composition of the sample. A multilayer heptagonal crystal was observed. The TGA result showed that the sample is thermally stable at a temperature of 200oC before degradation occurred.
Load profiling of commercial and residential building using clustering technique
Authors: Olawumi A. E. , Dahunsi F. M.
Published: August 2023

Data mining is a promising tool used in processing energy data collected from energy consumers. The knowledge derived from energy data is very pertinent in the formulation of various demand-side management programs. This paper uses clustering techniques to segment the energy consumption patterns of residential and commercial buildings; situated at different geographical locations. The two (2) commonly used clustering techniques: K-Means and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering, were employed. The result indicates that the choice of clustering technique for load profiling is highly subjective to the nature of the dataset. Hence, using Davies-Bouldin Index (DB) Index and Silhouette Index (SI) as clustering indicators to select an optimum number of clusters and the best clustering technique. Hierarchical clustering was identified as the most appropriate clustering for the two buildings.
Optimal design analysis of substation ground grid mesh
Authors: Akhikpemelo A.
Published: August 2023

Substations are grounded by means of earth-embedded electrodes in order to provide safety during normal or fault conditions. Electric substations are effectively grounded to guarantee the proper operation of electrical devices, minimize the likelihood of flash-over during transient conditions as well as dispel lightning strokes. A structure is termed grounded if it is electrically bonded to earth-embedded metallic frames. The earth-embedded metallic frames provide a conducting pathway of electricity to the earth and it is called a ground grid system. Substation ground grid mesh is comprised of vertical and horizontal conductors as well as vertical rods buried beneath the substation ground. Electric current flow through the human body is hazardous. Therefore, ground grid systems should be designed such that the likely electric body current in an operator or passer-by should not exceed the standard defined limits under any foreseeable harmful circumstances and as well provide protection of equipment. The objective of this study is to determine substation, safe ground grid system parameters as well as the cost-effectiveness of designing substation ground grids by comparing the IEEE Std. 80-2000/2013 and the Finite Element Method (FEM). ETAP 16.0 Power Tool is employed in carrying out this analysis. The substation expected maximum short circuit current is stated. The design analysis using both methods is presented separately and suggestions are made with reference to the most cost effective and safest method for the effective designing of the substation ground grid system.
Assessment of the physico-chemical quality of Uturu section of Aku river in southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Chinyere O. , Sanusi Y. , Anafi F.
Published: August 2023

The physicochemical monitoring of water quality is very key both to aquatic life and public health. To date little is known about the water quality downstream of Aku river, located in Uturu, Isuikwato local government area of Abia state. Therefore the aim of the study is to determine the water quality downstream of Aku river in terms of several physicochemical parameters and heavy metals analysis to ascertain the water quality properties and reveal pollution problems. Samples were collected at 15m, 30m, 45m, 60m, 75m, 90m and 105m interval downstream for both seasons. Results of the study shows that temperature, conductivity, hardness, salinity, Total Dissolve Solid (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), turbidity, pH, Dissolve Oxygen (DO), chlorine, nitrate, lead, iron, arsenic, copper and zinc, were ranged: 24.190C-26.500C, 165.18-275.46μs/cm, 100.26-139.11mg/L, 520.15-815.24ppt, 380.52-710.08mg/L, 15.12-30.68mg/L, 0.32-1.73NTU, 6.6-7.9, 6.21-11.63mg/L, 1.14-3.30mg/L, 65.01-128.05mg/L, 35.53-58.00mg/L, 0.0002-0.007ppm, 0.02-0.15ppm, 0.002-0.006ppm, 0.44-1.03ppm and 0.1-0.27ppm respectively. The presence of TDS, TSS, turbidity and nitrate above World Health Organization (WHO) tolerance limits, confirmed the presence of contaminants in the water body, and hence not suitable for drinking and thus poses a potential threat to aquatic life.
Effects of sodium carbonate admixture and mix design ratios on the compressive strength of concrete
Authors: Andrew O. T. , Omotayo O. O. , Arum C. , Ikumapayi C. M.
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to investigate the impact of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) admixture on the acceleration and long-term compressive strength of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete at different mix ratios. Concrete cube specimens (150 × 150 × 150mm3 size) were cast at three different mix ratios (1:1.5:3, 1:2:4, and 1:3:6) with sodium carbonate admixture added in increasing dosage of 0.5% from 0 to 2.0% by weight of OPC. Compressive strength tests were conducted on the cast specimens after curing under water for 7, 28, 56 and 90days. Additionally, tests were done to see how sodium carbonate would accelerate setting times of OPC paste. The results of the tests showed that Na2CO3 decreased the initial and final setting times of cement paste from 96 to 67mins and 543 to 387mins respectively. Compressive strength test results for 1:2:4 and 1:3:6 mix ratios showed an increasing trend up to 1.0% Na2CO3 admixture, after which there was a decrease. Meanwhile, 1:1.5:3 mix ratio showed a decrease in strength from 21.87 N/mm2 at 0% to 14.90 N/mm2 at 1.0% Na2CO3 addition, after which the strength increased with Na2CO3 percent addition. These results suggest that sodium carbonate has an accelerating effect on concrete setting time, and may aid its early strength development, but has negative long-term effects on concrete strength with increasing dosage. An optimal percentage of 1% Na2CO3 by weight of OPC is advised for accelerating effects in concrete, based on the results of this study.
Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus among Female Sex Workers and Associated Risk Factors in Rwanda, 2019
Authors: Ntabanganyimana Daniel , Ndagijimana Albert , Benemariya Noella , Habtu Michael , Ntaganira Joseph
Published: August 2023

BackgroundFemale sex workers (FSWs) are more likely to be infected by Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) than the general population. In Sub-Saharan countries, 18% of new HIV infections is attributed to FSWs.Study objectiveTo determine HIV prevalence and its determinants among FSWs in Rwanda.MethodologyA cross-sectional biological and behavioral surveillance survey in hotspots was conducted among FSWs countrywide. HIV laboratory tests were performed. Proportions and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with HIV in FSWs.ResultsThe survey enrolled 1,883 FSWs. Of 1,770 FSWs who consented for HIV testing, 607 were HIV positive, giving the prevalence of 34% (95%CI= 32.11-36.54). High HIV prevalence was associated with age of 25 years or more (aOR = 3.68; 95%, CI: 2.62–5.18) and more than 5 years of sexwork (aOR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.05–1.63). HIV prevalence and having more than three dependents (aOR= 0.34; 95%CI=0.23-0.5) and completing secondary and beyond education (aOR=0.50; 95%CI=0.36-0.71) were inversely related.ConclusionHIV prevalence is still high among FSWs in Rwanda. Prevention strategies should target the old ones in five first years of sex work and the less educated.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):208-214
Anatomical variation of high brachial artery bifurcation: A case report
Authors: Habumuremyi S. , Omodan A. , Niyibigira C. , Ndayegamiye G. , Gashegu J.
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION: Anatomical variation of high brachial artery bifurcation and these morphological variations of the brachial artery should be considered by surgeons when performing procedures in the brachial artery area.CASE: The left anterior arm and anterior forearm regions of a thirty-three-year-old cadaver was dissected. The origin, course, and terminal branches of the Brachial artery were traced. It was then observed that the Brachial artery bifurcation was in the upper third of the humerus instead of the cubital fossa. CONCLUSION: Brachial artery and its terminal branch variations are less common. However Brachial artery could be bifurcated and then reunite. In this case, the brachial artery presented bifurcation one laterally and another one medially with the median nerve running between them. Both branches don’t reunite but continue laterally and medially, respectively.
Scaphoid Arterial supply: A Review
Authors: Kubwimana O. , Rugambwa J. P. , Kwizera I. , Buteera A. M. , Gashegu J.
Published: August 2023

Scaphoid, the boat-shaped carpal bone, is largely covered by articular cartilage. It has a much more complex arterial supply than previously reported, moreover, this arterial pattern has been hypothesized to lead to avascular necrosis after fracturesScaphoid blood supply has long been documented as scarce; it arises from the radial artery giving palmar and dorsal branches. There is high-grade evidence reporting two main arteries entering from the distal half of the scaphoid and middle to lower-grade evidence reporting several arteries scattered over the entire scaphoid and anastomosis of the radial artery with intercarpal arteries. Dorsal arteries are slightly larger in diameter and many more than volar ones. The scaphoid shape is associated with variations in arterial supply patterns. Scaphoid surgery preserving vascular supply is the gold standard. Scaphoid blood supply is not as poor as previously documented, as current evidence supports even proximal pole vascularization. We recommend surgery to preserve the blood supply and foster research in this area.
Impacting surgical training: Role of surgical anatomy dissection courses
Authors: Gashegu J. , Hakizimana D. , Ncogoza I. , Nyundo M. , Ntirenganya F.
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION: Human anatomy is one of the fundamental pillars of basic medical sciences, which forms the cornerstone of the ever-evolving medical practice. It is, therefore, important to strengthen anatomy education at all stages of medical training. Since 2020, the Department of Human Anatomy, in collaboration with the Department of Surgery, organized surgical anatomy dissection courses to improve surgical practice safety and competence. This educational study aimed to share lessons learned from organizing anatomy dissection courses and measure the impact on knowledge and skills acquisition by surgical trainees. METHODS: Courses were designed with clear learning objectives and programs. A pre-test was administered to trainees before the dissection course, and a post-test was organized at the end of the course. Descriptive statistics were used to compare pre- and post-test scores. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Likert scale was used to measure trainees’ satisfaction at the end of every course.RESULTS: From August 2020 to December 2021, 11 cadaveric dissection courses were organized, and 173 trainees from 6 Surgical Residency programs: Plastic surgery, General surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Urology, Neurosurgery, ENT, and Obstetrics and Gynecology. Nineteen trainers from the Surgery Department and Anatomy Department were involved.There was a significant improvement in marks in the post-test test as compared to the pre-test score. The average increase in the mark was 26.4% with a 95% CI [23-0 – 29.7], p-value < 0.001. There was a negative correlation (r=-0.8948, p-value < 0.001) between the marks at pre-test and the improvement score, suggesting that the lowest performers on the pre-test had the biggest post-test improvement. Trainees’ satisfaction was at a high level. 87.6% of trainees reported a desire to pursue training to become anatomy educators in the future. CONCLUSION: Surgical anatomy dissection courses positively impacted surgical knowledge and skills acquisition, integrating anatomy into surgical training. Cadaver-based surgical procedures simulation should be encouraged and integrated into surgical curricula.
Students’ perception toward blended anatomy learning modalities in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Ndahimana P. , Ngenzi J. , Izabayo J. , Ivang A. , Kubwimana O. , Sezibera V. , Gashegu J.
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION: Human anatomy is a cornerstone of medical practice hence teaching modalities should be strengthened. Major challenges were faced in this COVID-19 era when the teaching aspect was considered. The use of eLearning and blended learning is an innovative delivery mode to enhance medical education efficiency in the pandemic era. This study aims at investigating the student perception and satisfaction with the blended learning modality at the University of Rwanda.METHODS: This was a cross sectional study that was conducted at the University of Rwanda. 115 students undertaking the anatomy module participated and were subjected to the validated online questionnaire using Microsoft form. The data were exported from Google Forms to Microsoft excel 2013 for cleaning and coding and analyzed with SPSS version 25; cleaned data were then exported to SPSS version 25. Descriptive analysis was done using mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentages. The University approval was obtained.RESULTS: Out of 134 students, 115 students (85.4%) were enrolled in the study. Learning outcomes were reported to be clear, the anatomy module was well organized, and timely delivered module teaching was reported, and findings were 43.1%, 83,6% and 78.5%, respectively. On practical sessions, students expressed high satisfaction at 87.6%, with cadaver-based learning interest at 91.2%. E-learning relevance was higher than three quarters (76.5%).CONCLUSION: We noted the effectiveness of online and in-person teaching modalities among medical students undertaking the anatomy module at the University of Rwanda. Improvement of e-learning modality and availing prerequisite equipment at the University of Rwanda is recommended.
revalence and factors associated with cesarean section in HIV-positive patients in a university teaching hospital – A case-control study
Authors: Geidam A. D. , Usman A. , Goje D.
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION: Cesarean section (CS), although a relatively safe procedure, is associated with more risks than vaginal delivery, regardless of HIV status. Complications following CS are greater in HIV-positive women than in HIV-negative women. This study’s objective was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with CS in HIV-positive patients in our environment.METHODS: A case-control study of factors associated with and outcomes of CS over 13 years was conducted in HIV-positive and HIV-negative women at UMTH. Multinomial regression analysis was used to determine factors independently associated with CS in HIV-positive women. Stratified analysis was used to determine factors associated with the development of complications following CS in HIV-positive women. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of CS in HIV-positive women was 3.02%, with PMTCT 51.5% (53/103) as the major indication. Compared to the control, the HIV-positive women were more likely to have pre-operative anemia (P= 0.001) and their CS to be undertaken electively (P<0.001), under general anesthesia (P<0.001), to last more than 60 minutes (P=0.002) and develop a postoperative complication (77.8% vs. 22.2%). Pre-operative anemia and preterm delivery were found to be associated with the development of a complication.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of cesarean section in HIV-positive patients is low in our environment. CS is also more likely to be performed electively for over 60 minutes under general anesthesia on a nulliparous woman with no formal education and pre-operative anemia.
Effects of teacher-led educational intervention on knowledge and attitude towards the prevention of diabetes mellitus among students of a secondary school in Southern Nigeria: a single group quasi-experimental study
Authors: Agofure O. , Okporu U. C.
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION: The widely documented poor knowledge of diabetes mellitus (DM) amongadolescents is a lacuna in the current drive to decrease the prevalence of the disease. This studywas designed to investigate the effects of teacher-led educational interventions on the knowledge,perception, and attitude towards DM among students of Dom-Domingos College Warri, DeltaState, Nigeria.METHODS: This pre-test post-test design study was conducted on 100 secondary school studentsof Dom-Domingos College in 2021, who were selected using the simple random samplingmethod. Data was collected using a validated questionnaire including demographic, knowledge,perception, and attitude sections. Afterward, an educational intervention was implementedamong the students for three weeks in three hourly sessions. After one month, the data wererecollected from the students and analyzed using mean, paired t-test, and logistic regression atP<0.05 level of significance by SPSS Version 17 software.RESULTS: The mean age of the students was 13.95±1.92 years, and 59 (59.0%) were females. Themajority of the students, 88 (88.0%), are aware of DM. The findings showed a significant increasein the mean knowledge, perception and attitude score in the post-test compared to the pre-testat P<0.05.CONCLUSION: Teacher-led educational intervention effectively improves knowledge, perception,and attitude towards DM prevention among in-school adolescents. Therefore, the studyrecommends utilizing this opportunity by educational and health policymakers to increasemessages of DM prevention in secondary schools in Nigeria.
Prostate cancer in patients with suspected benign prostate hypertrophy in Juba, South Sudan: A retrospective study
Authors: Aguer Malong , Sube Kenneth , Nyuol Garang , Lako Joseph , Rial Isaac , Tongun Justin
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Prostate cancer carries a high morbidity and mortality especially when not diagnosed early. Patients in resource limited  countries tend to be diagnosed late and hence delayed surgery for benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH).Method: This was a retrospective study, from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2020, on patients who underwent prostatectomy.  Demographic and clinical data were extracted from their medical records.Results: This study involved 101 patients who had had simple open prostatectomy. Ages ranged from 49 to 98 years, mean 68 +/- 8.98  years. The largest group (37.6%) was aged 71- 80 years, p=0.001. Two thirds (66%), presented with urinary retention, p=0.03.  Histopathological examination showed that 49.5% had BPH. Prostate cancer was found in 28.8%, p=0.082. Almost half (49.5%) were  diagnosed histopathologically as having BPH. Prostate cancer made up 28.8% with most patients in the age range 61-80 years, p= 0.456.  Conclusion: The prevalence of prostate cancer remains high among patients undergoing prostatectomy for suspected BPH. A national  awareness campaign coupled with targeted screening of patients above 40 years could increase early detection of prostate cancer and  reduce morbidity and mortality .
Congenital mesenteric defects in an adult: A case report
Authors: Bugie Tamirat , Abraham Zinabu , Marko Louis , Ejigu Sewnet
Published: August 2023

A congenital mesenteric defect in an adult is very rare, but can cause an internal hernia with small bowel obstruction. Awareness of  congenital mesenteric defects is important to the general surgeon when faced with an acute abdominal condition. We report a case of a  congenital mesenteric defect in a 40-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain. An X-ray  revealed multiple air fluid levels with dilatation of small and large bowels suggestive of bowel obstruction or bowel ischaemia, or bowel  perforations. He underwent an emergency laparotomy through a midline incision. A large mesenteric defect was discovered with viable  small and large bowel. A primary repair of the defect was carried out. The patient had an uneventful recovery. Early diagnosis and  treatment are essential to avoid bowel ischaemia and decrease the mortality and morbidity.
Formononetin acts synergistically with a JAK2 inhibitor to suppress growth in myeloproliferative neoplasm by inhibiting JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Jiang Huijun , Fan Zaijing , Li Jiashan , Zheng Xiaoqun
Published: August 2023

Purpose: To determine the effect of formononetin (FMNT) in the proliferation, drug resistance, and DNA damage of myeloproliferative  neoplasm (MPN), and to evaluate the potential of FMNT as a therapeutic target.

Methods: Cell viability curves and colony formation assays were used to characterize the proliferation of HEL or HEL/R cells. Flow  cytometry was conducted to assess the apoptosis of HEL or HEL/R cells, while western blotting was performed to evaluate the  expressions of DNA H2AX, DNA-PK, and Rad51, which are indicative of DNA damage, and the phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3  were determined.

Results: Formononetin (FMNT) suppressed cell proliferation of HEL cells in a dose-dependent manner. It significantly reduced colony  formation and promoted apoptosis of HEL cells (p < 0.05). For HEL/R cells, FMNT treatment significantly reduced cell viability, and  resistance, and promoted apoptosis. Moreover, FMNT elevated H2AX levels and significantly reduced the expressions of DNA-PK and Rad51 in TG101209 (TG)-induced JAK-TKI-resistant cells (p < 0.05). Furthermore, FMNT decreased JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation in JAK- TKI-resistant cells.

Conclusion: Treatment with FMNT represses proliferation, promotes apoptosis, weakens JAK-TKI resistance, and  strengthens DNA damage in MPN cells by suppressing JAK/STAT3 pathway. This suggests that FMNT is a potential therapeutic candidate  for the treatment of MPN.
Editorial
Authors: Editor UDSM Library Journal
Published: August 2023

Editorial
Digital Revolution and the Prospects for Online Political Communication
Authors: Babeiya Edwin Ernest , Magoti George Mashauri
Published: August 2023

A revolution in information and communication technology has introduced social media as alternative platforms through which political parties can interact with the public. Political parties’ success in using these avenues depends on the online strategies applied. Tanzania has not been an exception in the use of social media as political parties have been using them for political activities. However, little is known regarding the way political parties have established themselves on social media platforms. Using the equalization, normalization, and hybrid perspectives as an analytical framework, this paper examines the status of Tanzania’s political parties in social media. The data obtained through the review of social media pages, key informant interviews and documentary analysis reveal that although political parties have been using social media for political activities, the profile of their social media status is low. The findings further show that social media have not altered the balance of power among political parties in Tanzania as the social media profile of opposition political parties does not significantly differ from that of the ruling party CCM as revealed by the number of their social media pages, followers and posts as well testimonies through interviews regarding social media usage. Several factors including political parties’ limited awareness of the potential of social media, the unpredictability of the political system as well as resource constraints are attributed to this status. To overcome these challenges, a call is made for policy and capacity building interventions to empower political parties and the citizenry for effective online engagement.
A new report of the stenopodid shrimp Stenopus devaneyi Goy, 1984 from the Western Indian Ocean
Authors: Barathieu Gabriel , Konieczny Olivier , Poupin Joseph
Published: August 2023

The rare stenopodid shrimp, Stenopus devaneyi Goy, 1984, is reported for the first time in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO), at 60 m depth at Mayotte Island. No specimens were collected but the species is recognized confidently on photographs based on its characteristic colour pattern: two large red spots on the sides of the second abdominal somite. Selected colour photos are presented. Former Indo-West-Pacific records are listed with an updated map for the geographic distribution of this shrimp. A few ecological observations are made.
Development of Tool for Evaluation of Motor Perception Activity Learning of Students with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Suhartini Bernadeta , Sujarwo Sujarwo , Priyambada Galih
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study was to develop an application-based assessment tool for evaluating motor perception learning in children with intellectual disabilities who attend elementary classes in State Special Schools in Yogyakarta City. The tool was designed to align with the characteristics of these children and determine their mastery of motor perception activities in the educational context. The measurement instruments were designed based on the underlying concept of the research, and the items were structured as follows: (1) Sensory awareness, which assessed the children's ability to identify and select balls of different sizes; (2) Balance awareness, which involved the children climbing blocks over a 5-meter distance; (3) Space awareness, which examined the children's ability to form shapes (circles, triangles, and rectangles) using body movements; (4) Body awareness, which evaluated the children's knowledge of the functions of different body parts (feet, hands, eyes, and ears); (5) Time awareness, which assessed the children's throwing and catching abilities using light and heavy balls; and (6) Directional awareness, which tested the children's ability to throw the ball in different directions (up, down, front, and back). The results indicated that the motor perception activity evaluation tool consisted of six items, each of which assessed the mastery of motor perception in children with intellectual disabilities who attend elementary classes. The validity of the test was found to be 0.720, and the reliability was 0.837. In conclusion, this research successfully developed an application-based learning evaluation tool and established motor perception assessment norms for children with intellectual disabilities attending elementary grades in State Special Schools in Yogyakarta City. These tools can be utilized by physical education teachers to assess the motor perception activities of children with intellectual disabilities in an educational setting.
Analysis of the Relationships between School Children’s Technology Addiction and School Achievement
Authors: Bulatbaeva Kulzhanat , Mukhamedkhanova Almagul , Toibazarova Nagimash , Maigeldiyeva Sharban , Nurkasymova Saule , Rezuanova Galiyapanu
Published: August 2023

In this study, the relationship between gaming, social media and internet addiction, which are within the scope of technology addiction, and school achievement and study behavior was examined. The sample of the study consisted of 240 students studying in grades 5-8 of 4 schools in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The study was designed in the comparative relational survey model and is descriptive in nature. In the study, a questionnaire was used as a data collection method. In this context, "Internet Addiction Scale", "Digital Game Addiction Scale", "Social Media Addiction Scale" and "Study Behavior Scale" were used in the research. T and F tests were used in the analyses made with SPSS 26.0 program. As a result of the study, it was determined that the technology addictions of the students participating in the research differed in terms of gender and grade level variables. In the study, social media addiction of female students was found to be high, while digital game addiction was found to be high in male students. It was also observed that technology addiction increased as the class level increased. Finally, students with low achievement and study behavior levels were found to have high technology addictions.
Formation of the Academic Performance and Cultural Values of Primary School Pupils Based on Online Supported Educational Games
Authors: Karatas Zhomart , Mailybaeva Gulmira , Tokzhanova Aigul , Turebayeva Klara , Duisenbayev Abay , Kazetova Aliya
Published: August 2023

In this study, current issues related to Kazakh children's games were examined and the importance of games on Kazakhstan's culture was discussed. While determining the experimental and control groups in the study, 105 pupils from the 4th grade of two primary schools in Kazakhstan, who were determined by unbiased assignment, were assigned to 2 experimental and a control groups consisting of 35 pupils. In the study, online-based educational games in Experiment A group, online-based and face-to-face game activities in Experiment B group, and traditional teaching practice in control group were carried out.  At the beginning of the study, "Traditional Kazakh Games Achievement Test", "Attitude Towards Traditional Games Scale" and "Cultural Value Perception Scale" were applied to all three groups for pre-test purposes. The data collected in line with the purpose of the study were analyzed using statistical analysis techniques appropriate to the characteristics of the data and a quantitative statistical program was used in a computer environment. The findings obtained were presented in tables. For this purpose, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Sheffe test were used. As a result of the research, pupils in experimental group A, in which online-supported educational games were applied, and in experimental group B, in which online and face-to-face educational games were applied together, achieved higher achievement levels and positive attitudes compared to the control group, which was applied traditional education.
Using Dummy Locations to Conceal Whereabouts of Mobile Users in Location-Based Services
Authors: E Vadakkethil Somanathan Pillai Sanjaikanth , Hu Wen-Chen
Published: August 2023

Location-based services are extremely popular in these days. Mobile users use the services such as GPS and Google Maps almost every day to assist their daily activities like finding a restaurant or looking for an apartment. However, in order to use the services, users have to share their location information with the service providers. This requirement may hold back the service adaptation since users may not like to share their locations with others. One common method to preserve user privacy is to send a couple of dummy locations along with the true location to the service providers, so the provider would not be able to tell which location is true. This method is simple and effective, but it also has some drawbacks that make the privacy safeguarding fragile. If the dummy locations are not carefully planned, they may land on wild fields or water and could be easily perceived as fake. This research investigates the flaws of using dummy locations to uphold user privacy from both the users’ and service providers’ points of view, and proposes innovative methods to close the loopholes, so more users will be willing to use location-based services.
Generating Interest in Foundational Computer Science in High Schools: A Northwest Florida Case Study
Authors: Bagui Sikha , Eddy Brian , Thompson Carla , Nguyen Nguyen Giang
Published: August 2023

Computer Science drives innovation and discovery, and Computer Science classes in High Schools, particularly AP Computer Science Principles, have also been linked to better performance in other High School courses, but a Code.org report shows that the state of Florida, particularly the Northwest Florida region, is far behind the rest of the nation in offering Computer Science classes at the High School level. This paper discusses strategies that are can be implemented to improve High School Computer Science offerings in like-regions that have lower Computer Science offerings. The paper also discusses the challenges that come up in addressing this issue and presents potential avenues for addressing these challenges. One major challenge that is addressed is creating the culture of inclusive computing by getting more women and under-represented groups interested in taking Computer Science courses. Though this is a Northwest Florida case study, most of the strategies discussed in this paper would be applicable to any other part of the country with low Computer Science offerings with a similar socio-economic background.
Responding to Students after the Homicide of a Classmate
Authors: O'Donoghue Margaret
Published: August 2023

This article analyzes how schools in the U.S respond to trauma in children and teens after the homicide of a peer and provides suggestions for best practices. The focus is not on in-school mass shootings but on homicide of young people outside of schools, in neighborhoods, which is the leading cause of death for African Americans between ages 15 to 24 years old, the second leading cause of death for Hispanic youth, and the third leading cause of death among White Youth (Centers for Disease Control [CDC], 2020). Typically, these deaths are not a national focus and schools have little resources to guide them in how to respond in the aftermath. Utilizing theoretical background on disenfranchised grief and trauma based practice, current school based response, and examples from the author’s own experience in a large, urban school district in NJ, this article seeks to dissect this difficult topic.
Washback Effects of IELTS Test on Teachers’ Adoption of Teaching Materials in the Classroom in China
Authors: Gu Kali
Published: August 2023

This study investigates washback effects of IELTS test on university teachers’ adoption of teaching materials in the classroom in China and see how a high-stake language exam affects their teaching practices and how they and their students perceive the effectiveness of the pedagogic adjustments. To this end, individual interview to five teacher participants was carried out and a questionnaire was administered to over 100 students. The results show a positive washback effect as, influenced by IETLS test and students’ needs to achieve high scores in IELTS test, teachers sought to focus more on IELTS-related content in the textbooks and adopt extra IELTS-related teaching materials to help improve students’ test performance. Also, students recognized teachers’ arrangements on class practices and believed such practices were useful in enhancing their IELTS scores. Moreover, teachers’ choices and modifications of teaching materials were not determined by washback effects of IELTS tests only but rather a result of coaction between various factors including the state’s educational policies, personal research areas, teaching rationale and abilities to modify teaching materials.
Investigation of Ostracism (Social Exclusion) and Forgiveness Levels of Adolescents with Positive and Negative Life Experiences
Authors: Hudaynazarova Ayrahat , Avsaroglu Selahattin
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between positive and negative childhood experiences, forgiveness and social exclusion experiences of individuals in adolescence. The research was carried out using the relational survey technique, one of the quantitative research methods. The participants of the study consisted of middle school and high school students (n=669), 354 girls and 315 boys, aged between 11 and 17, in the fall semester of the 2021-2022 academic year. The data collection tools employed within the study are: Personal Information Form, Adolescent Ostracism (Social exclusion) Scale to measure the social exclusion levels of the participants, Childhood Happiness/Peace Memories Scale to measure their positive experience levels, Childhood Experiences Scale to measure their negative experience levels, and Forgiveness Scale for Adolescents to measure their tendency to forgive. For the analysis of the data, SPSS 26.00 package program was utilized and descriptive analysis, correlation, and multiple regression analysis were conducted. As a result of the data analysis, it was observed that exclusion dimension within the social exclusion scale has a higher mean score than the disregarding dimension, exclusion dimension features higher significance, the social exclusion experiences of the adolescents differ significantly in favor of the female adolescents in the neglected dimension.
Completing College after Foster Care: A Retrospective Lens
Authors: Hail Toni M. , Kearney Kerri S.
Published: August 2023

Completing a college degree is a major accomplishment under the best of circumstances. The economic and societal value of a college degree has the potential to produce critical benefits for vulnerable populations. For youth who “age out” of foster care, existing data reveal an obvious discrepancy in actual outcomes in comparison to their peers without foster care experiences. Despite implementation of state and federal programs and funding to support college students with foster care experience, national statistics indicate that these students continue to complete college at significantly lower rates than their non-foster cohorts. This qualitative multi-case study consisted of nine participants representing graduates from five different public colleges in Oklahoma with unique individual experiences in “aging out” of the foster care system and completing a college degree. Four themes emerged as critical to participants’ ability to persist and complete college: accessing tangible and intangible support, belief that a degree would improve their quality of life, the need to improve lives of others and “give back,” and being proactive yet cautious when accessing support from others. Their lived experiences and shared commonalities of what helped them to persist and complete college provide valuable insight for professionals in the social service and educational arenas.
The Effect of Project-Based Learning in Visual Arts Lesson on Lesson Outcomes and Attitudes
Authors: Ozkan Zeliha Canan
Published: August 2023

Project-based learning in visual arts lesson is an effective method to develop students' creativity, self-confidence and learning skills. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of project-based learning method applied in 7th grade visual arts lesson on lesson outcomes and attitudes compared to traditional teaching. The study was conducted with a pretest-posttest control group experimental model. The experimental process lasted 5 weeks for the experimental and control groups. At the beginning of the experimental procedures of the study, the 7th grade visual arts lesson achievement test and attitude scale towards visual arts lesson were applied to the experimental and control groups simultaneously as pre-test. In the experimental group, the visual arts lesson was taught with the project-based learning method, while in the control group it was taught with the traditional teaching method. The 7th grade visual arts lesson achievement test and attitude scale towards visual arts lesson were used to collect research data. According to the research findings, when the post-test results between the group in which the project-based learning method was applied and the group in which the traditional method was applied were examined, significant differences were found in favor of the experimental group in which the project-based learning method was applied. The project-based learning method had a positive and high level effect on the visual arts lesson achievements and attitudes of 7th grade middle school students.
Investigating Pre-Service Teachers’ Perspectives on Classroom Management Strategies Demonstrated by Mentor Teachers
Authors: Ozkanal Umit
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceptions of pre-service teachers regarding classroom management strategies employed by practicum instructors in school experience courses. This cross-sectional investigation was conducted with 245 pre-service teachers from various university departments. The study's data was collected via "Classroom Management Strategies Evaluation Scale". The scale had a Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.94.  For data analysis, descriptive statistics, the t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used. According to research findings, the gender of pre-service teachers, the gender of practice teachers, and the seniority of practice teachers had no significant impact on their opinions regarding the classroom management strategies used by practice teachers. However, the degree program that pre-service teachers attended and their grade point average had a significant impact on their opinions.
Is Science Identity a Predictor or an Outcome of Learning Research Skills? Analyses of Evaluation Data from a Training Program to Enhance Research Career Preparation of Diverse Undergraduate Students
Authors: Masunaga Hiromi , Chun Chi-Ah , Vu Kim-Phuong L.
Published: August 2023

This study examined the role of science identity in a two-year upper-division research training program that prepares diverse undergraduate students for a research career. Using the annual year-end student evaluation data, we examined whether science identity is a predictor or an outcome of learning that enhances career preparation in biomedical research. Results showed that science identity is a predictor of learning in our trainees. In general, students with stronger science identity at the end of Year 2 reported having acquired more research skills and experiences through the program. This finding demonstrates that science identity makes learning research skills meaningful and purposeful. Preliminary analyses also showed that the levels of science identity did not differ between Years 1 and 2. In fact, science identity approached the maximum possible scores in both years. These findings imply that the training program could have succeeded in bolstering participants’ science identity early by the end of the first year. Our findings do not rule out the possibility that science identity is both a predictor and an outcome of learning, depending on the specific contexts of learning as well as learners’ specific developmental phases. Further studies are needed to systematically test these and other possibilities.