bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Back to pristine levels: a meta-analysis of suspended sediment transport in large German river channels
Authors: Hoffmann Thomas O. , Baulig Yannik , Vollmer Stefan , Blöthe Jan , Fiener Peter
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Suspended sediment is an integral part of riverine transport and functioning that has been strongly altered during the Anthropocene due to the overwhelming human pressure on soils, sediments and the water cycle. Understanding the controls of changing suspended sediment in rivers is therefore vital for effective management strategies. Here we present results from a trend analysis of suspended sediments covering 62 monitoring stations along the German waterways with more than 440 000 water samples taken between 1990 and 2010. Based on daily monitoring of suspended sediment concentration (SSC), we found significant declines of mean annual SSC and annual suspended sediment loads at 49 of 62 monitoring stations between 1990 and 2010. On average SSC declines by -0.92 mg l-1yr-1. At some stations decreases during the 20 years represent up to 50 % of the long-term average SSC. Significant decreases of SSC are associated with declining SSL loads. The contemporary suspended sediment loads of the Rhine at the German-Dutch border approaches the natural base level of ~1 Mt yr-1, which was achieved by the Rhine during the mid-Holocene when the suspended sediment load was adjusted to the Holocene climatic conditions and before the onset of increased loads due to human induced land use changes in the Rhine catchment. At this point we can only speculate regarding potential reasons for a decline in sediment supply to larger rivers. We argue that changes in soil erosion within the catchments and/or the sediment connectivity in upstream headwaters, e.g. due to the construction of small rainwater retention basins, are the major reason for declining SSC in the studied river channels.
Intercomparison of four algorithms for detecting tropical cyclones using ERA5
Authors: Bourdin Stella , Fromang Sébastien , Dulac William , Cattiaux Julien , Chauvin Fabrice
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The assessment of tropical cyclone (TC) statistics requires the direct, objective, and automatic detection and tracking of TCs in reanalyses and model simulations. Research groups have independently developed numerous algorithms during recent decades in order to answer that need. Today, there is a large number of trackers that aim to detect the positions of TCs in gridded datasets.
The questions we ask here are the following: does the choice of tracker impact the climatology obtained? And, if it does, how should we deal with this issue? This paper compares four trackers with very different formulations in detail. We assess their performances by tracking TCs in the ERA5 reanalysis and by comparing the outcome to the IBTrACS observations database. We find typical detection rates of the trackers around 80 %. At the same time, false alarm rates (FARs) greatly vary across the four trackers and can sometimes exceed the number of genuine cyclones detected. Based on the finding that many of these false alarms (FAs) are extra-tropical cyclones (ETCs), we adapt two existing filtering methods common to all trackers. Both post-treatments dramatically impact FARs, which range from 9 % to 36 % in our final catalogs of TC tracks.
We then show that different traditional metrics can be very sensitive to the particular choice of tracker, which is particularly true for the TC frequencies and their durations. By contrast, all trackers identify a robust negative bias in ERA5 TC intensities, a result already noted in previous studies. We conclude by advising against using as many trackers as possible and averaging the results. A more efficient approach would involve selecting one or a few trackers with well-known and complementary properties.
Difference equation satisfied by the Stieltjes transform of a sequence
Authors: Pillwein Veronika , Dominici Diego
Published: September 2022

We study a class of generating functions related to the Stieltjes transform of a sequence of moments with respect to the basis of falling factorial polynomials. Given a recurrence relation for the coefficient sequence, it is shown how to compute the difference equation satisified by its generating function w.r.t. this basis. We give several examples from the class of discrete semiclassical orthogonal polynomials.
Maple Conference 2021 Mathematical Art and Creative Works Exhibit
Authors: May John
Published: September 2022

The report from the curator on the first Maple Art and Creative Works Exhibit that took place as part of the2021 Maple Conference
Dimensions of Knowledge Sharing and its Role in Career Path Development An exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of employees in Al Salam Teaching Hospital
Authors: Musa El-Tyeib Hamid Edres , Ali Mohammad Saeed Mohammad , Osman Afra Al-Fadil Mohamed
Published: September 2022

The study deals with the role of quality audit in achieving sustainable development, and the problem of the study was to know the extent of the contribution of quality audit to achieving sustainable development. The most important of them is that sustainable development works to promote the use of high-quality technical means to achieve more compatible with the environment. The study recommended holding conferences and seminars to exchange views and focus on topics and developments that can contribute to activating the quality of auditing in creating a better society by contributing to improving and supporting areas of sustainable development.
The impact of audit quality on financial performance: Evidence from Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Iran
Authors: Faysal Saad Raad , Mohammed Ali Saad , AlQureishi Asaad Mansour Abd
Published: September 2022

The main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of audit quality on the financial performance for three neighboring countries, namely Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Iran, which could be an important reference for other similar studies in this region, the study sample consisted of 210 views (company - year) for Iraq, 732 views (company - year) for Saudi Arabia, and 846 views (company - year) for Iran, for six consecutive years from 2014-2019. Multiple linear regression analysis was used for this type of data. Our results indicate there is positive role that audit quality plays on financial performance. It seems that audit quality is of great interest to the three countries, as the general culture that these countries enjoy can impose a certain pattern of important decisions in the quality audit. In the same context, our results support the reduction of the agency problem between shareholders and managers. The results of the study also reveal the role of company size in improving financial performance. And since this study presents results for three countries, it can be relied upon in the future as an important reference by the foreign and local investor in choosing the optimal investment and maximizing the wealth of shareholders in the countries of the region.
Fiscal policy in Iraq and its role in the growth of money supply for the period (1990-2003)
Authors: AbduiHussein Ali Jaber , bedewi Magda Pashi
Published: September 2022

Fiscal policy is characterized as having a significant impact on economic activity , As the government can achievethrough its tools stability in its economy , Fiscal policy occupied an important position as a method for managing the national economy , As for the Iraqi economy it has attracted the attention of many economists and researchers at the local level , This is due to the different circumstances the country has been through , The economy of Iraq has suffered from many imbalances , led to a decline in economic performance in general , The public budget deficit has also increased , High rates of inflation and unemployment , This led to the trend towards a more effective policy , You can influence monetary varibles , In addition to achieving consistency between it and other policies , Especially monetary policy in order to influence macroeconomic variables , Therefore fiscal policy and through its tools as a system for economic stability .This study aims to know the develop pments of financial policy in the Iraqi economy , And its effect on the (m1 , m2 ) money supply varibles , This study proceeds from the hypothesis that the fiscal policy in Iraq has an impact on the variables of the money the supply (m1 , m2 ) , And this effect produces positive or negative results on the economy as a whole in light of the different cir cumstances that the Iraqi economy is going through .
The Role of Using Modern Techniques of Supply Chain in Achieving Logistics Excellence
Authors: Alawi Jihan salman
Published: September 2022

The study aims to determine the role of using modern technologies for the supply chain (purchasing, production, storage, and marketing techniques) in achieving logistical excellence in the General Company for Food Products. The researcher used the descriptive approach and relied on a questionnaire form, which the main tool in collecting data, where distributed to a sample of department heads and people's officials, who numbered (52) respondents. The spss v23 program was used to analyze the data and extract the results. One of the results of the study is the existence of a relationship and an impact of the use of modern technologies for the supply chain on achieving logistical excellence. The most important recommendations it is necessary to adopt modern technologies for the supply chain (purchasing, production, warehousing and marketing) because of its role in achieving logistical excellence for the company in question.
Effect of Using Seaweed Extracts on Growth and Yield of Two Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed Sh. , Al-Khazali Ammar Jassim , Kado Maha N.
Published: September 2022

A field experiment was conducted at Mishkab Rice Research Station/ Agricultural Research Office- at Al-Najaf Governorate during the summer seasons of 2017 and 2018 to study the effect of adding Seaweed extract (Algaren) on growth and yield components of two varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was accomplished using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a split plot arrangement with three replicates. The study involved two varieties of Rice (Anbbar33 and Yassamen) as main treatments، while، sub plots comprised of Six treatment add of seaweed extract (Algaren) and they were symbolized (T0، T1، T2، T3، T4 and T5). Results show that variety Yassamen significantly superposed to Anbbar33 variety in all growth and yield components. Also the using Seaweed extract(Algaren) T5 treatment (Seed immersion in 0.2-0.3% solution before planting + first spray at stage 2-4 leaves + second spray at the branching stage) significantly gave the best results of (Crop Growth Rate (CGR) (g.m-2.day-1) ، Relative Growth Rate (RGR) (gm.gm-1. Day-1) ، height of plant (cm)، Panicle Length (cm)، Biological yield (tons. ha-1) ، grain yield (tons. ha-1) ، harvest index (%) compared to T0 (non-adding plant) which gave the lowest values. The interaction between varieties & Seaweed extract showed that the Yassamen cultivar with T5 treatment significantly outperformed in all growth and yield components compared to cultivar Anbbar33 with treatment T0 (non-addition of seaweed extract) which gave the lowest values.
The Interacting effect of sulphur oxidizing bacteria Thiobacillus thioparus and organic matter on the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Al Ramahy Hanen Aqeel Jassim , Al-Jebory Abdullah Karim Jabbar
Published: September 2022

The biological study experiment included the effect of inoculation with sulphur-oxidizing bacteria T. thioparus and its interaction with levels of organic matter. In addition, a biological vaccine for T. thioparus and the second factor is the organic matter at three levels control by without adding (0%, 0.5%, 1 %) the results of the statistical analysis showed that the biological Inoculation. T. thioparus treatment gave the highest levels of grain yield, numbers of T. thioparus bacteria, soil content of available nitrogen and soil content of available sulphur (4.74 mg.h-1, 0.22×104 CFu gm-1 soil, 54.27 mg N kg soil-1, 3131.39 mg S kg soil-1) respectively. While treatment with the second level of organic matter 1% gave the highest levels of the numbers of T. thioparus bacteria and the nitrogen content available in the soil and the sulphur content available in the soil (0.23×104 CFu gm-1 soil, 5163 mg N kg soil-1, 2796 mg S kg soil-1) respectively. In addition to the interactive treatments of biological inoculation of T. thioparus and organic matter of B1O2 of T. thioparus numbers, nitrogen content available in soil and soil sulphur content available (0.24×104 CFu gm-1 soil, 59.40 mg N kg soil-1, 3326.87 mg S kg soil-1) respectively.
Developing Technology for Special Beer Brewing by Using Non-Traditional Raw Materials
Authors: Ter-Movsesyan H.Zh.
Published: September 2022

The current work aims to justify special beer production technology developed through brier hips and juice. Availability of abundant species of brier hips and juice production industry in the Republic of Armenia enables to use them as non-traditional raw materials for beer brewing. The studies have shown that the most rational way of using brier juice is to add it at beer maturation stage after main fermentation. The most complete, consistent and inherent beer taste has been formed when combining 70 % young beer and 30 % brier juice. Brier hips were added 5 minutes before the end of boiling wort with hops. The best
indicators have been recorded in the samples where 0.5 kg brier hips per 1 dal hopped wort has been added.
The Quality of Life in Patients with Sequelae After COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Senlin Dr. Joicy
Published: September 2022

Introduction: COVID-19 is a serious disease that can significantly affect the daily lives of recovered patients and their families in terms of mental health problems such as stress, depression, anxiety and insomnia, as well as the negative impact COVID-19 has on patients’ quality of life (QoL). Since the patients are not immune to future infection, it may lead to a more negative impact on patients’ QoL. The survey was conducted to assess the quality of life in patients with any sequelae after covid19.
Methodology: 102 confirmed patients of post COVID-19 (by RT-PCR assay on nasopharyngeal swab) were selected by convenience sampling. An observational study was conducted using Google self-designed Questionnaire. Participants were selected according to inclusion criteria which included any one sequelae after COVID-19. Quality of life of the participants was taken by SF-12. Questionnaire was circulated in different groups via WhatsApp. The questionnaire took 5-10 minutes to complete. Descriptive analysis was done in Microsoft excel.
Results: The participants mean age was 34.63 11.92 years, with 69 male and 34 female patients were evaluated. In present study physical score is 46.9(PCS) and mental score is 47.9(MCS).
Conclusion: Moderate affection of physically and mentally in patients of who were infected with COVID-19.so, the quality of life affected in patients with sequelae of after COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID- 19, Quality of life, Physical health, Mental health
Nerve Conduction and Surface Electromyography of Physically Active Healthy Medical Undergraduates of Nepal
Authors: Kr Shah Dr. Siddhartha , Subedi Dr. Priza , Dhakal Dr. Rupak
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. Nerve conduction studies and surface EMG provides a comprehensive evaluation of nerve, muscle or neuromuscular impairment. However, such studies are mostly done on professional athletes.
Methods: Healthy physically active (n=17) and non-active (n=17) medical undergraduate students from B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Nepal were enrolled in the study using convenient sampling technique. Anthropometric and motor nerve conduction parameters of common peroneal nerves and surface EMG of gastrocnemius muscle were recorded using standard technique in Neurophysiology Lab II, BPKIHS. Descriptive analysis was done. Unpaired t-test was applied for comparing the nerve conduction and surface EMG variables between the groups. Pearson’s correlation was applied between anthropometric and nerve conduction & surface EMG variables.
Objectives: To compare nerve conduction parameters of common peroneal nerve and surface EMG of Gastrocnemius muscle between active and non-active individuals.
Results: The distal and proximal amplitudes of left common peroneal nerve were significantly higher in physically active compared to non-active individuals (LCPDA-p value: 0.026, LCPPA-p value: 0.009). Anthropometric parameters showed significant correlation with nerve conduction parameters.
Conclusion: Nerve conduction parameters are affected in the physically active individuals. Anthropometric variables showed significant relation with the nerve conduction parameters.

Keywords: Nerve Conduction Velocity, Surface Electromyography, Peroneal Nerve, Gastrocnemius.
60 YAŞ VE ÜSTÜ BİREYLERDE KORONAVİRÜS (COVID-19) FARKINDALIĞI VE İLİŞKİLİ FAKTÖRLERİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: TÜMER Adile , AYGÜN Gözde , TUNA Muammer
Published: September 2022

Bu araştırma 60 yaş ve üstü bireylerde Koronavirüs (COVID-19) farkındalığı ve ilişkili faktörlerin incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kesitsel tipte tasarlanan araştırma, 2021 yılında, Tazelenme Üniversitesi öğrencileri üzerinde yapılmıştır (n=219). Veriler online anket yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak ‘’Sosyo- demografik form’’ ve ‘’Koronavirüs (COVID-19) Farkındalık Ölçeği‘’ kullanılmıştır. Veriler, SPSS 26.0 programıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Tanımlayıcı istatistikler (sayı, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma), Kolmogorov Smirnov testi (normallik testi) ve parametrik testler (t-testi ve ANOVA) kullanılmıştır. Ölçek alt boyut puan ortalamaları arasındaki ilişki Pearson korelasyon analizi ile, değişkenlerin ölçek puan ortalamasına etkisi linear regresyon analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir.

Araştırma kapsamına alınan katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 66.64±4.93 (min:60, max:85) ve %64’ü kadındır. Araştırmada, Koronavirüs (COVID-19) Farkındalık Ölçeği alt boyutlarından Bulaşma Tedbiri Farkındalığı puan ortalaması 4.37±0.59, Güncel Gelişmeleri Takip Farkındalığı 3.82±0.8 ve Hijyen Tedbiri Farkındalığı 2.83±0.88 olarak belirlenmiş olup Koronavirüs (COVID-19) Farkındalık Ölçeği madde puan ortalaması 3.88±0.53’ dır. Ölçek alt boyut puanları arasında pozitif yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki saptanmıştır (p
Produk Hukum dalam Konfigurasi Politik di Indonesia Masa Demokrasi Terpimpin
Authors: Wahdini Muhammad , Ariyadi Ariyadi
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji bagaimana produk hukum pada konfigurasi politik di era demokrasi terpimpin dengan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan studi literatur. Hasilnya adalah bahwa Demokrasi terpimpin menjadi era dimana kekuasaan Presiden menjadi tidak terbatas dan bertentangan dengan konsepsi negara hukum. Gagasan Nasakom yang diterapkan oleh Presiden Soekarno di era itu melahirkan produk hukum dan kebijakan yang otoriter sehingga menjadikan konfigurasi politik pada masa Demokrasi Terpimpin terdapat pemaksaan terhadap ide ide politik penguasa pada saat itu
Non‐surgical pneumoperitoneum and pneumoretroperitoneum associated with mechanical ventilation
Authors: Krishna M Ravi , Sood Pramood , Gautam Parshotam
Published: September 2022

We present two rare cases of mechanical ventilation-associated barotrauma presenting with pneumoperitoneum and pneumoretroperitoneum separately. Pneumoperitoneum and pneumoretroperitoneum are not always associated with a hollow viscous perforation and can be seen due to barotrauma as a consequence of the Macklin effect.
Technical Note 7 - Applicability of dynamic membrane filtration for post-treatment of UASB reactor effluents
Authors: Batista Isabela Ferreira , Mora Erick Javier Centeno , Fonseca Paula Rafaela Silva , Passos Fabiana , Chernicharo Carlos Augusto de Lemos
Published: September 2022

Despite the many advantages of UASB reactors for sewage treatment a posttreatment stage may be necessary. An emerging post-treatment alternative is the use of dynamic membranes (DM). In DMs, the removal of pollutants occurs mainly due to a dynamic layer of solids that is formed on a mesh support. Its main advantage is the possibility of using low-cost support materials. The present technical note aims to present fundamentals and practical aspects of this emerging technology, in view of its high application potential for improving the quality of effluents from anaerobic reactors. The applicability and limitations of the technology, the fundamentals of the process, the most important design criteria and aspects related to its operation and maintenance are discussed. With this technical note, it is intended to encourage a discussion in Brazil regarding the potential use of DMs in the post-treatment of anaerobic reactor effluents.
Anxiety, Social Adjustment and Psychological well-being of blind Adolescents
Authors: Akram Iqra , Hassan Ghulam , Mazhar Nauman , Khan Haider
Published: September 2022

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess anxiety as predictor of social adjustment and psychological wellbeing in blind adolescents. The present study examined the level of anxiety, social adjustment and psychological wellbeing of blind adolescents. Methodology: Cross sectional research design was used in the study. The study was carried out on the sample of 150 blind adolescents between the ages of 12 to 18 years. Demographic variables were also considered in analyses to examine their influences. The tools related to anxiety, psychological wellbeing and social adjustment were used. Urdu version of beck anxiety inventory (1988), social adjustments scale (Mundt et al., 2002) and psychological wellbeing scale (Ryff, 1989) was used. Results: Independent t-test, Correlation and multiple Regression analyses were run to test the hypotheses. Independent t-test showed that the level of anxiety is comparatively greater in females than males, t (148) = -1.15, p= .25.”. Correlation analysis showed that there is significant negative correlation among anxiety and psychological well-being of the blind adolescents, r = - 0.21, *p<0.05 and there is significant positive correlation among anxiety and social adjustment, r=0.283, *p<0. 05.. A regression was calculated to predict the social adjustment from Anxiety), β=.283, t=18.457, p<.000, R²=.080. Regression was calculated to predict the psychological well- being from Anxiety, β = .214, t = 48.640, p < .000, R²=.046. Regression analysis demonstrated anxiety as a significant predictor of psychological wellbeing and social adjustment in blind adolescents. Conclusion: The rationale of the research was to observe the level of anxiety, societal adjustment and psychological wellbeing of blind adolescents. The study revealed that anxiety is increased in blind females’ adolescent than blind male’s adolescent and there is negative relationship among anxiety, social adjustment and psychological well-being of blind adolescents. According to the current research, anxiety can be predictor of social adjustment and psychological well-being of blind adolescents. It can be concluded that anxiety has an impact on the social adjustment of blind adolescents which further leads to impairment in psychological and social functioning especially in adolescence.
Preterm Labour: An insights into Vaginal Infections
Authors: Bibi Najma , Baber Rubina , Latif Nayar , Shah Faryal , Ahmad Sobia , Naz Rida
Published: September 2022

Background: Preterm births result from preterm labour. The chief causes of new-born neurological morbidity and transience are prematurity and low birth weight. Vaginal infections are considered as a higher risk factor for pre term labour. Preterm labour is less common when proper antenatal examination, screening for lower urogenital tract infections, and early treatment are carried out. Methods: Group B streptococcus (GBS), Urea plasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Treponema pallidum, bacterial vaginosis, herpes simplex virus (HSV) I and II, were all examined in vaginal swab samples from A control group of 81 expectant mothers underwent a GBS test. Tests for the antimicrobial propensities of GBS, U. urealyticum and M. hominis were conducted. Results: 8.70% of PTL-WO, 16.33% of S-PTB, 11.70% of M-PTB, and 17.29% of the control group had GBS. 13.04% of PTL-WO, 18.37% of S-PTB, and 17.65% of M-PTB had M. hominis. U. urealyticum was detected by PCR and culture in 52.17 percent of PTL-WO, 48.98 percent of S-PTB, and 55.88 percent of M-PTB. 17.39% of PTL-WO patients, 4.08% of S-PTB patients, and 5.88% of M-PTB patients had C. trachomatis. Monilia was found in 4.3% of PTL-WO, 6.12% of S-PTB, and 5.88% of M-PTB. This examination failed to discover N. gonorrhoeae, M. genitalium, HSV I, T. vaginalis, or T. pallidum; no additional bacteria or viruses were detected either. Conclusions: Lower urogenital tract infections in pregnant women should be tested for, especially in high-risk situations. When genitourinary infections are detected early and treated fast, prematurity-related infant morbidity and mortality are decreased, and preterm labour is less common. Keywords: Preterm labour, Urinary tract infection, vaginal infections
Validity of Elastography in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules, Keeping Histopathology as Gold Standard
Authors: . Asadullah , Ahmad Sajad , Ajmal Asia , Shahid Amina , Qadir Aaisha , , Khalid Aisha , Qahar Abdul , Naz Rida , Soomro Fakhra , Rehman Masood Ur
Published: September 2022

Background: Elastography is a method recently being used in the evaluation of thyroid nodules by comparing tissue elasticity. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of elastography in differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules, taking histopathology as gold standard. Methods: Total of 50 patients with palpable thyroid nodule of any size of age 20-60 years of either gender were included. elastography was performed in every patient by using a high resolution unit with a linear array probe centered at 7.5 MHz, elastography was performed in every patient by a consultant radiologist benign or malignant thyroid nodules was noted. Elastography findings were compared with histopathology report Results: All the patients were subjected to strain ultrasound elastography. USG supported the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules in all 50 patients. Histopathology confirmed malignant thyroid nodules in 46 (true positive) cases where as 4 (false positive) had no malignant lesion on histopathology. In USG negative patients, 47 were true negative while 2 were false negative. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of strain ultrasound elastography in differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules, taking histopathology as gold standard is 90.0%, 90.30%, 92.31%, 94.77% and 93.18% respectively Conclusion: According to this study, strain ultrasound elastography is the non-invasive modality of choice with high diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing malignant thyroid nodules. Keywords: Thyroid cancer, Ultrasound elastography, Sensitivity, Specificity
The Frequency of Phantom Vibration Syndrome in Medical Staff: A Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Riaz Usman , Perveen Shafqat , Afzal Muniba , Zahoor Idrees Ahmed , , . Iqra , Sarwar Romasa
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Phantom vibration syndrome, also known as hypovibochondria or ring-xiety, may occur among individuals carrying digital devices. Phantom vibration syndrome is the mistaken belief that a device is vibrating when it is not. The current study investigates this phenomenon among medical staff who often interact with digital devices throughout duty hours. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of Phantom vibration syndrome in medical staff. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of medical staff was conducted. A convenience sample of 150 physicians, surgeons, allied health professionals, and medical assistants was used. Online survey invitations were sent by email, WhatsApp, and other channels. The data was analysed by SPSS 25.0. The Fisher exact test was used to compare phantom vibrations to categorical data. Results: The results showed that out of 190 medical staff, there were 133 (72.7%) having phantom vibration syndrome. It was significantly associated (p=0.000) with younger age groups from 21-40 year, was seen more in surgeon, physicians and then nurses (p=0.029), associated more with carrying cell phone (p=0.003), more in carrying device in breast and back pocket (p=0.001), more in keeping device on vibration always or most of time (p=0.008) and more in using device from 11-15 or more hours (p=0.001). It was equally distributed in both male females (p=0.176) Conclusion: The study concluded that phantom vibration syndrome was highly prevalent in medical staff. The findings were associated with the length of time the product was used and were more prevalent among surgeons, medical physicians, and nurses in a decreasing order. most respondents regarded the feelings as bothersome and worth stopping and even changing the device. Keywords: Phantom Vibration Syndrome, Medical Staff, Health Practitioner, Digital Devices
The Thyroid Gland's Glycosylation: Aspect of Glycoprotein Function in Thyrocyte Physiology and Thyroid Disorders
Authors: Saeed Musub , Jehangir Kiran , Naz Raisa , . Irfan , Shuaib Ambar , Sharma Ravi Dutt , Babu K. Suresh
Published: September 2022

Objective: The focus of this study is on the role of glycoproteins in normal thyrocyte activity and pathologies of the thyroid. Study Design: Observational study Place and Duration: The study was carried at Pak International Medical College and Hospital from November 2021 to January 2022 Methods: There were 38 patients of both genders were presented in this study. Detailed demographics of enrolled cases included age, sex and body mass index were recorded after taking informed written consent. 19 patients had benign diffuse goiter in were included in group I and 19 (controls) patients were include in group II. Using a nonspecific proteomic strategy, such as this double difference (2D-DIGE) electrophoresis and lattice laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight masses spectrometry, we were able to determine which proteins were present in thyroid tissue (MALDI-TOF-MS). Results: Among the 92 proteins significantly different between BDG and the control group, 47 were found to be elevated and 45 were found to be lowered (1.5-fold change, ANOVA, p 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis of Ingenuity Pathway Analysis has connected the dysregulation of ERK1/2, Glutathione peroxidase, and NADPH oxidase signaling pathways to tissue damage, endocrine system dysfunction, and cancer (IPA). Conclusion: Low levels of thyroglobulin, dysregulated glycolysis, and an uptick in pro-oxidant peroxidase enzymes were found in the thyroid tissue proteome of patients with BDG. There was also a finding of dysregulation in the thyrocyte cytoskeletal proteins, redox proteins, and glycolytic pathways. Keywords: Thyroid Gland's, Benign Diffuse Goiter, Proteins, Glycosylation
An understanding of Thyroid Problems during Pregnancy
Authors: Khalid Muhammad Awais , Munawar Asima , Mehmood Zoha , Shahbaz Zaid Bin , Arif Sohaib , Naz Rida
Published: September 2022

Several questions persist, even though our considerate of the connections concerning thyroid function and pregnancy is growing. It is essential to utilize a TSH range for the trimester when evaluating thyroid function during pregnancy. Low TSH levels in the initial trimester should be regarded as natural rather than problematic. TSH levels should not exceed 2.5 mIU/L in the 1st trimester and 3.0 mIU/L in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. The major form of treatment during the 1st trimester of prenatal period for women with overt hyperthyroidism is PTU therapy. Women with overt hyperthyroidism are highly advised to take anti-thyroid medication. The dosage of LT4 must be increased by 30% to 50% in women who have hypothyroidism and are currently taking it. Pregnant women who have recently been diagnosed with overt hypothyroidism are strongly advised to start on LT4 replacement therapy. Another factor that must be considered is the existence of subclinical hypothyroidism. People with isolated hypothyroxinemia don't need LT4 therapy, but it's recommended to protect their thyroids by getting enough iodine. Patients with persistent autoimmune thyroiditis who are euthyroid should not take LT4, although they should still be closely watched because hypothyroidism may set in. The unanswered questions in this area will be addressed by the decisive results of the research, which was just finished and is now being conducted. These uncertainties range from the presence of thyroid antibodies to the management of preclinical hypothyroidism and the usage of LT4 to treat isolated hypothyroxinemia.
Bowel Preparations for Colonoscopy: Current Medical Practices in Pakistani Hospital Settings
Authors: Naz Samina , Tasneem Bushra , Khan Hassaan Hanif , Kafeel Asma , Owais Muhammad Abid , Tasneem Aisha
Published: September 2022

Aim: To evaluate the quality of bowel preparations concerning the Boston Bowel Preparation Score (BBPS) and to analyze the administration, ease, palatability, and side effects of practices. Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: this study was conducted in Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro from October 2021 to March 2022 Methodology: The present study incorporated 132 patients who visited the hospital for a colonoscopy. Patients above 18 years of age were included, whereas patients with surgical procedures were excluded from the study. Participants were evaluated through pre-designed proforma for demography, dietary recommendations, side effects, procedure indications, bowel preparations, and patient ease of the bowel preparations. BBPS was used to access the bowel preparation. A score ≥ 5 was regarded as satisfactory. Results: Out of 132 patients, 73 (55.3%) were males. Seventy-one (53.8%) patients received Polyethylene glycol-based bowl preparation, and sixty-one (46.2%) patients received sodium phosphate-based preparation. Chronic constipation was the most typical cause of colonoscopy. Common side effects were vomiting (12.1%), nausea (1.5%), and bloating (3%). More than half of them responded that the preparations were palatable. A satisfaction rate of 80.3% was observed in patients with both preparations. BBPS of above five was observed in 109 (82.6%) patients. Conclusion: Polyethylene glycol and sodium phosphate preparations have been widely used in clinical practices for cleansing the colon. Sodium phosphate-based preparation was found more effective. Keywords: Bowel cleansing agents, Colonoscopy, Endoscopy, Polyethylene Glycol, Sodium phosphate.
Comparative Analysis of Biochemical Abnormalities in Diabetic Patients with or without Cardiovascular Complications
Authors: Yousif Akram , Abbas Salman , Bhutto Amanullah , Zubair Muhammad , Lakho Mumtaz Ali , Khalid Muhammad Rahman
Published: September 2022

Aim: To assess the lipid profile and blood glucose concentration association between diabetic patients with and without cardiac disease. Study design: Case-control study Place and Duration: National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Karachi from January 2021 to June 2021 Methodology: The study included a total of 180 participants categorized into comparative groups. Diabetic patients were categorized into cardiac and non-cardiac patients. Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire, and clinical data were recorded with the physical examination. Blood was collected from all patients for further glucose and lipid profile testing. Data were evaluated using SPSS version 21. Results: The average age was 49.53 ± 11.24 and 54.38 ± 11.87 years for non-cardiac and cardiac patients. Whereas BMI of 28.16 ± 5.89 and 27.64 ± 4.18 was observed in diabetic patients with non-cardiac and cardiac diseases. A total of 73 (81.2%) were smokers with cardiac diseases, and 58 (64.4%) were smokers without cardiac disease. A total of 80% of cardiac and 57.7% of non-cardiac patients had a family history of diabetes. Significant high levels of Cholesterol, LDL-C, and Glucose were observed. However, significantly lower levels of HDL-C were observed between patients with and without cardiac disease. Conclusion:The results of the current study indicate that patients with diabetes having cardiovascular disease have a significant association with biochemical parameters. Those with diabetes are more likely to acquire hyperlipidemia. Keywords: Biochemical parameter, cardiovascular disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Cholesterol, Dyslipidemia
Diagnostic Accuracy of Splenic Index Measued on Ultrasound for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Esophageal Varices Keeping Endoscopy as Gold Standard
Authors: Zafar Saira , Akhtar Muhammad Jamil , Khan Tahir Qadeer , Fatima Mehreen , Gilani Syed Amir , Ahmad Umair Riaz
Published: September 2022

Background: End stage chronic liver disease results in the growth of fibrous tissue, the disruption of hepatic architecture, and the formation of nodules, which interfere with liver function and contribute to portal hypertension. Esophageal varices might arise when blood flow through liver is impeded, most typically by scar tissue in the liver caused by liver disease. For high-risk EV diagnosis, endoscopy is the gold standard, but is not available at most health centres in our nation. In individuals at high risk of esophageal varices, performing endoscopies on a yearly or biannual basis can be difficult. We wish to conduct a noninvasive investigation to gather local evidence and to confirm the accuracy of splenic index determined by ultrasonography in detection of EVs. Objective: To find out diagnostic accuracy of splenic index measured by Ultrasound for noninvasive diagnosis of esophageal varices keeping endoscopy as gold standard.
Effects of Modified Pilates on Incontinence Severity and Quality of Life in Females with Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Saleem Masooma , Hassan Zainab , Khurshid Azfar , Khalid Maryam , Latif Waqas
Published: September 2022

Background: Urinary Incontinence is a state in which an individual is unable to control urine and may leak it out without reaching to the toilet. The urgency of urine becomes out of control in such patients. Aim: To determine the effects of modified Pilates on incontinence severity and quality of life in females with urinary incontinence. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Methodology: Patients (n=50) were analyzed. The Group A received modified Pilates along with standard physical therapy while group B received standard physical therapy exercises only. Baseline treatment that was standard physical therapy (pelvic floor muscle training, home exercises plan and life style advice) was given to both groups. Outcome measures were calculated by Symptom Severity Index and Incontinence Quality of Life questionnaire. Results: The mean value of Symptoms Severity Index score of group A before intervention was 21.04 which was more than 16.04, the value obtained after the treatment. This value was less than the post Symptoms Severity Index mean of group B (standard physical therapy only). The Symptoms Severity Index score between both groups has massive difference with P value <0.05. Conclusion: It was concluded that modified Pilates combined with standard physical therapy improves urinary incontinence severity and quality of life in females with urinary incontinence. Keywords: Modified Pilates, Quality of Life, Standard Physical Therapy and Urinary Incontinence.
A Study of Empirical Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Indoor Patients
Authors: Chaudhry Javed , Inam Asma , Javed Khadija , Javed Abdullah , Saghir Gulpash , Shoaib Najma
Published: September 2022

Background: Proton pump inhibitors are amongst most widely used gastric protectants due to their effectiveness. However, there are concerns about their over utilization, patient safety and socioeconomic burden. Aim: To evaluate empirical use, risks and hazards associated with over- usage of Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore from July to August 2021. Seventy five patients were randomly picked up from indoor wards of the hospital. Patient’s demographic data and frequency of PPIs usage was recorded. Route of administration, adverse effects and indications of proton pump inhibitors were also noted in percentages. Results: All patients were prescribed PPIs on their admission day. Among them, two patients were concomitantly taking H2 Receptor Blockers. Seventy eight (78 %) users were administered PPIs through intravenous route, while rest were given once daily oral formulation. Fourty two (42) % of patients were not prescribed PPIs according to AGA criteria. Moreover, 12% of our sample population suffered from different adverse effects like diarrhea, abdominal pain, bone pain and headache. The results of our study clearly indicated frequent use of PPIs in indoor patients as a prophylaxis of SRMD. Conclusion: Keeping in view the incorrect use of antiacids and their adverse effects including increased risk of enteric and hospital acquired infection, unnecessary use of PPIs in admitted patients should be monitored regularly. MeSH words: PPIs, SRMD, NSAIDs, AG
Concerns of University Students Regarding COVID-19 Lockdown: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey in Karachi, Pakistan.
Authors: Mumtaz Seema , Rizvi Sameera Ali , Shoaib Nida , Tahir Ayesha , Ahmed Niaz , Haider Sheikh Hassnain , Ali Mumtaz
Published: September 2022

Aim: To assess the concerns of university students regarding COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: A Cross-Sectional online survey was conducted among student population living in different socio-economical areas of Karachi. Information was gathered on their age, gender, education level, occupation status, area of residence, and knowledge about lockdown due to Covid-19. These variables were examined according to the socio-economic status of the area where students reside. Results: A total of 200 subjects above 20 years were interviewed out of which data was analyzed for 160 subjects. The majority of students were between the ages of 20-25 years, females, Muslims, and unemployed. According to 86.9% of students COVID-19 can be prevented by avoiding contact and almost 74.4% students were in favor of lockdown further 37.5% students wanted no gaps between lockdowns. In this study, 31.3% spent time using phones while 15% spent time reading while 22% of the students spent their time in physical activity. Almost 66.3% of students did not develop any psychological problems. About 77.5% did not face any financial problems. Conclusion: Most of the respondents were in favor of lockdown as COVID-19 spread can be prevented by avoiding contact. Study highlighted COVID-19 lockdown had no effect on mental health of the respondents. This study will help in creating awareness regarding lockdown. It will enlighten new arenas for public health experts and stakeholders to develop new strategies, and interventions and predict a preparedness program plan for future Pandemic. Keywords: Covid-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Lockdown, Karachi
Effect of Narcotic Analgesia on Decision to Operate in Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Anwer Muhammad Faheem , Anwar Fizza , Chaudhry Wasif Majeed , Khurshid Muhammad Adil , Anwar M. Waseem , Majeed Shahid
Published: September 2022

Aim: To study that narcotic analgesia administration in patients of acute appendicitis does not delay the diagnosis and does not interfere with the decision to operate in these patients. Study design: A randomized cross-over study. Setting and duration of study: Study was done at surgery department of Combined military hospital Lahore over a period of two years from March 2019-2021. Methodology: It was a double-blind randomized crossover study. A total of 100 patients, who were confirmed as acute appendicitis by clinical examination, were included. All the male and female patients of age 16 years and above were included in the study. The patients were divided in two groups each having 50 patients. The drugs were labelled as drug A and drug B. Drug A was morphine and drug B was placebo. Each drug was given to both the groups by crossover with an interval of 30 minutes and the components of physical examination were analyzed for both groups. The pain score was calculated by the visual analogue scale (VAS) for both the groups at both intervals. The p-value was calculated by using student’s t-test. The frequency and percentages of the decision to operate were calculated. The data was tabulated and then analyzed on SPSS version 23. Results: The pain score was calculated for both groups of male and females. The pain score difference was calculated in both groups and then p-value was calculated which came out to be significant. The frequencies of the decision to be operated were also calculated in both the groups and the results showed that there was no effect of narcotic analgesia on the decision to operate in patients with clinically diagnosed acute appendicitis Conclusion: The use of morphine analgesia in the patients of acute appendicitis does not alter the diagnostic efficacy of the patients of acute appendicitis. Keywords: Acute abdominal pain, acute appendicitis, Narcotic analgesia, Visual analog scale (VAS)
The Comparison Of The Frequency Of Surgical Site Infections in patients With Primary Closure Vs Delayed Primary Closure In Contaminated Abdominal surgeries
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad , Faiz Amna , Ramzan Kousar , Baker M. Qausain Abu , Malik Muzamil Hazoor , Jamahed Muhammad , Iqbal Samia
Published: September 2022

Aim: To compare the frequency of surgical site infections in patients with primary closure versus delayed primary closure in contaminated abdominal surgeries. Study duration: 7th August 2020 to 6th February 2021 Study design & setting: Randomized controlled trial in the Department of Surgery, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. Methods: A sample size of eighty two patients presented with the complaint of contaminated abdomen surgical procedures of any gender between the age of 20-60 years have been The calculated sample size was eighty two i.e. forty one in each group with 5% level of significance, the surgical site infections in patients with major closure as 42.5% and with delayed closure as 17.5%. Sampling technique was Non-probability, consecutive sampling. All subjects presented with contaminated stomach surgical procedures as per operational definitions and age twenty to sixty years have been included in the study. The patients with malignant ascites was excluded from the study. Patients with records of penetrating/blunt stomach injuries, with persistent steroid use i.e. >1 month and patients with persistent renal failure Results: The age of women mean in group A was 37.68±7.37 years and in group B was 36.44 ± 8.12 years. Majority of the subjects were forty eight (58.54%) have been between twenty to forty years of age. Out of eighty two patients, fifty seven (69.51%) have been men and 25 (30.49%). The surgical site contamination in group A (primary closure) as eleven (26.83%) and in Group B (delayed primary closure) as four (9.76%) respectively with p-value of 0.046. Conclusion: Therefore it is concluded that frequency of surgical site infections is much less in patients with delayed major closure in contaminated abdomen surgeries as in compare to main closure. Keywords: Surgical site infections, delayed primary closure, Prolene.