bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Typology of Western Music and Theatre Activity in South-East Europe, the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea Region in Premodern Times (16th–19th Centuries)
Authors: Puchner Walter
Published: January 2020

This chapter provides an overall picture of theatrical and musical activity of western origin in south-east Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean from the 16th to the 19th centuries, focusing on religious theatre in the archipelagus, Italian opera on the Ionian Islands as well as ambulant ensembles of prose theatre (mainly Greek) and amateur performances. The investigation focuses on cities such as Constantinople, Odessa, Bucharest, Jassy, Smyrna, Alexandria and islands such as Crete, Corfu, Zante, Chios, Naxos and Cyprus. Moreover, the significant role of translations of libretti by Pietro Metastasio is discussed as well as the activity of Giuseppe Donizetti, who introduced western music to the Ottoman court.
‘A pattern how to dye’
Authors: Van Hyning Victoria
Published: January 2020

Medieval and early modern nuns and anchoresses, upon entering their enclosures, became metaphorically ‘dead to the world’ in order to join in a spiritual marriage with Christ that would (hopefully) lead them to heaven. Yet this death or exile rarely marked a complete departure from the world. It is within this context that the loving letters written to her family by Winefrid Thimelby (Prioress of St Monica’s from 1668 to 1690) are examined. This chapter argues that Thimelby was anxious to promote religiosity and right living among her family members in order for them all to unite in heaven. The letters reveal how nuns, even when limited to writing one or two letters per year, could articulate a clear selfhood, a clear convent identity, and a clear sense of familial identity without diminishing any of these identities for the sake of the others. Thimelby’s decades-long engagement with the theme of longing for death—‘that gate of lyfe’, in her words—is crucial to our understanding of the language of love and longing at the heart of her identity.
La prisión permanente revisable. Un análisis del argumento internacional
Authors: Martínez Guerra Amparo
Published: January 2020

La Ley Orgánica 1/2015, 30 de marzo de modificación del Código Penal introdujo como nueva pena la prisión permanente revisable tras 25 años. De acuerdo con el art. 25.2 CE, las penas privativas de libertad y las medidas de seguridad estarán orientadas hacia la reinserción y la reducación social. Para defender la constitucionalidad de la nueva pena, el Legislador español acudió a la firma y ratificación del Estatuto de Roma para el establecimiento de la Corte Penal Internacional. Su art. 77.1 b) prevé la imposición de una pena de prisión de por vida cuando así lo justifiquen la extrema gravedad del delito y las circunstancias personales del condenado.The Organic Law 1/2015, 30 march for the amendment of the Spanish Criminal Code introduced as a new penalty the permanent prison with possibility of parole after 25 years. Pursuant to art. 25.2 of the Spanish Constitution, punishments entailing imprisonment and security measures shall be aimed reeducation and social rehabilitation.  In order to support the constitutionality of the penalty, the Legislator argued that Spain signed and ratified the Rome Statute for the establishment of the International Criminal Law. According to art. 77. 1 b)      the Court may imposed a term of life imprisonment when justifed by the extreme gravity of the crime and the individual circumstances of the convicted person.
DESVIACIÓN DEL CURSO CAUSAL E IMPRUDENCIA INCONSCIENTE
Authors: Sánchez Dafauce Mario
Published: January 2020

En el presente trabajo se estudian diversos problemas del tipo penal: las consecuencias sistemáticas de la ausencia de tipo subjetivo en la imprudencia inconsciente, la diferencia entre imputación objetiva e imputación al dolo en las desviaciones del curso causal y la realización del riesgo en resultado en caso de comportamiento alternativo conforme a Derecho.In the present paper we discuss the systematic consequences of the absence of mens rea in the unconscious negligence, the difference between dolus eventualis and negligence in the deviations of the causal course, and the realization of the risk in the result in cases of alternative behavior according to Law.
ODIO EN LA RED. Una revisión crítica de la reciente jurisprudencia sobre Ciberterrorismo y Ciberodio
Authors: Gómez Martín Victor
Published: January 2020

Resulta cada vez más habitual que las conductas descritas de enaltecimiento del terrorismo y de humillación y descrédito de sus víctimas previsto en el art. 578 CP y las constitutivas del llamado «delito de odio» del art. 510 CP se realicen mediante el empleo de Internet o redes sociales. No debe extrañar, por ello, que en la más reciente jurisprudencia sobre delitos de odio se haga eco de la cuestión que acaba de ser planteada de forma cada vez más habitual. No en vano, algunas resoluciones reconocen como indicadores de la eventual relevancia típica de la conducta, por ejemplo, el carácter abierto o cerrado de la red, el número de seguidores del agente, el número de retuits del mensaje o la habitualidad del perfil del enjuiciado. Ello está sucediendo, no obstante, en mucha mayor medida en relación con el delito de enaltecimiento del terrorismo y humillación y descrédito de sus víctimas previsto en el art. 578 CP (Ciberterrorismo), que a propósito del delito de odio del art. 510 CP (Ciberodio). A continuación se exponen críticamente las principales vicisitudes de ambos contextos jurisprudenciales.
CAMBIO SOCIAL Y TENDENCIAS EN LA TASA DE CRIMINALIDAD: UN ENFOQUE DESDE LAS ACTIVIDADES COTIDIANAS
Authors: Coehn Lawrence E. , Felson Marcus
Published: January 2020

Las teorías del crimen irrumpieron en el estudio científico del delito a finales de la década de 1970, siendo sin duda el artículo de Lawrence E. Cohen y Marcus Felson que aquí se traduce uno de los principales impulsores de ese cambio de perspectiva en el estudio y análisis de la delincuencia.Traducción y nota previa: Miguel Ángel Cano Paños.
Psychology Aspects of Eating Behaviors is a Nutrition and Health Problem
Authors: Erhan Ergeshov , Laura Bissenbayeva , Diana Kalieva , Lyazzat Abdulina , Zhanat Bissenbayeva
Published: January 2020

In recent years, overweight and obesity have reached the status of a global pandemic and are particularly prevalent in the world. Overweight and obesity identified as risk factors for several health problems, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease and stroke. In recognition of the fact that reducing the burden of obesity and overweight has the potential to decrease mortality and disease worldwide, the World Health Organisation established that promoting healthy diets and physical activity is now a public health priority.
This research paper aims to discuss the nutrition and health problem as well as eating behaviour from the psychological aspects. This issue is very significant nowadays and considers it to be a global problem. Here the authors made research and analyses the background of this problem.
Aproveitamento dos resíduos de priprioca (Cyperus articulatus L.) no controle alternativo de fungos fitopatogênicos
Authors: Kasper Aline Aparecida Munchen , Sousa Sara Freitas de , Martin Breno Sena de San , Sartoratto Adilson , Nunes Kariane Mendes , Sousa Júnior José Jeosafa Vieira de , Silva Silvia Katrine Rabelo da , Barata Lauro Euclides Soares
Published: January 2020

Fungos fitopatogênicos são responsáveis por doenças que causam grandes perdas agrícolas. O tratamento convencional é realizado por agrotóxicos e embora esses produtos reduzam significativamente as perdas, ocasionam sérias contaminações ambientais, contribuem para o surgimento de patógenos resistentes e eliminam agentes de controle biológico natural.  Produtos naturais obtidos de plantas, como óleos essenciais e extratos, possuem substâncias bioativas que têm demonstrado potencial atividade antifúngica. A priprioca (Cyperus articulatus L.) é uma planta encontrada na Amazônia, muito utilizada no preparo de colônias artesanais. A alguns anos, o óleo essencial da espécie se tornou matéria-prima da Perfumaria Nacional e seu cultivo passou a ser em escala comercial, tornando-se fonte de renda para comunidades do entorno de Belém/PA. No processo de obtenção de óleo essencial são gerados grandes quantidades de resíduo sólido (massa vegetal após a retirada do óleo essencial). Esse trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação e comparação da atividade antifúngica do óleo essencial, extrato hexânico e etanólico de priprioca e extrato hexânico e etanólico do resíduo sólido de priprioca, visando o aproveitamento dos resíduos no controle de fitopatógenos responsáveis por grandes perdas na produção agrícola. Para tanto, óleo essencial foi extraído por hidrodestilação (6h) e os extratos obtidos via Soxhlet (8h). Foram avaliadas as Concentrações Mínimas Inibitórias (CMI) pelo método de microdiluição e a Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM) para os tratamentos ativos. Foram avaliadas as concentrações de 1000 a 15,625 µg/mL frente a Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum e Macrophomina phaseolina. Os extratos etanólicos e hexânico do resíduo sólido apresentaram maior atividade antifúngica, principalmente frente a S. sclerotiorum, sendo fungicidas a 125 e 250 µg/mL, respectivamente. O óleo essencial foi inativo frente aos fitopatógenos teste. Tais resultados indicaram a eficácia dos extratos do resíduo de priprioca frente a fungos fitopatogênicos. O resíduo sólido é gerado em grandes quantidades durante a extração do óleo essencial e não possui valor agregado, tornando-o candidato a matéria-prima de produtos sustentáveis e de baixo impacto ambiental, que atuem no controle alternativo de fungos fitopatogênicos.
Co-consuming a “fun addiction”
Authors: Miller Farley
Published: January 2020

Once considered an obsolete technology, modular synthesizers have experienced an unanticipated renaissance since the 1990s. While the reemergence of interest in modular synthesizers is attributable to a variety of factors, the internet has played an especially important role in facilitating the growth of a distributed, virtual scene around these instruments. Though several formats exist, Eurorack’s commercial and cultural growth has been the most dramatic. Once the province solely of specialists, Eurorack modules are now manufactured by large firms like Roland and Behringer and sold by mainstream music retailers like Guitar Center and Sweetwater.

For many users, a Eurorack system is a physical manifestation of their musical tastes and aspirations. The planning, purchasing, and realization of a system is thus a constitutive element of self-identification and belonging within the scene. But while Eurorack users privilege customization to an intense degree, the modality of their choice is strongly mediated by communal wisdom and the personal testimony of distant others. How do scene members negotiate these tensions? In order to explicate these dynamics, I analyze two interrelated phenomena that are characteristic of the milieu: (1) personal narratives of an individual’s journey through modular synthesis and Eurorack; and (2) the instructional and promotional roles played by user-made demonstration videos of Eurorack modules. Both reveal a gap between the imagined and actual affordances of a system and its user, a discrepancy that I address by introducing the notion of “drift.”

The marked heterogeneity of Eurorack and the potential of a system for future modification strongly distinguishes it from other formats, and I conclude by discussing Eurorack as an instrument that is never “finished.” As such, Eurorack invites us to consider a musical instrument not just as a bounded object or assemblage, but as an ongoing process of individuation rooted in practices of co-consumption.
Educación para la Ciudadanía en España. Una asignatura para la confrontación ideológica y política
Authors: Gómez Rodríguez A. Ernesto , García Ruiz Carmen Rosa
Published: January 2020

En España vivimos una de las cuestiones más controvertidas de la educación por la implantación de Educación para la Ciudadanía y los Derechos Humanos, una materia escolar recomendada reiteradamente por la Unión Europea y organismos internacionales.  Esta polémica trascendió lo educativo al responder a una estrategia política revestida de argumentos religiosos basados en axiomas profundamente antidemocráticos. La presente investigación utiliza el método histórico aplicado al análisis del currículo. La documentación utilizada procede, principalmente, de la prescripción curricular, fuentes hemerográficas y judiciales. Su análisis ha permitido centrarnos en cómo los colectivos más tradicionales de la sociedad utilizaron el espacio público para perpetuar su poder y control, frenando cambios en el currículo y en la práctica educativa. El artículo pretende evidenciar la existencia de una concatenación de acciones perfectamente acompasadas y secuenciadas con la intención de obstaculizar la implantación de la materia y mantener la hegemonía de unos particulares valores religiosos por encima de los civiles. Una confrontación latente que espera su reactivación.
Smartphones y caída libre: Diseño y evaluación de una experiencia práctica
Authors: Esteve Martínez Anna , Benavent Giménez Aina , Solbes Matarredona Jordi
Published: January 2020

Este trabajo presenta el diseño y evaluación de una experiencia práctica sobre el movimiento de caída libre basada en la utilización de smartphones para comprobar si el aprendizaje de los estudiantes sobre este movimiento mejora al utilizar este tipo de dispositivos móviles. La evaluación de la experiencia práctica se ha realizado mediante un diseño pre-post en el que 47 estudiantes, matriculados en la asignatura “Física y Química” de 4º de ESO, han contestado a un cuestionario con 6 preguntas de respuesta libre. Los resultados muestran que la experiencia práctica propuesta es eficaz ya que se obtiene una mejora estadísticamente significativa entre el pre-test y el post-test, tanto a nivel global como en cada una de las preguntas del cuestionario.
Estética y diseño industrial: debates y controversias
Authors: Marín Torres Joan Manuel
Published: January 2020

En el presente texto se argumenta la importancia de la dimensión estética en el ámbito del diseño industrial, al tiempo que se abordan desde la perspectiva de la reflexión estética algunos de los principales debates que han tenido lugar en la cultura del diseño. Estos debates se han articulado en torno a la idiosincrasia propia del diseñador y su actividad; la relación entre arte y diseño; la controversia en torno a la forma y la función; la importancia de las dimensiones simbólica y emotiva del producto; y la encrucijada del diseño entre los proyectos de emancipación social o a la difusión de una estética banal.
Diseño y artes escénicas: el papel de Oskar Schlemmer en Das Triadische Ballett y la actualidad de la Bauhaus
Authors: García Vázquez Milagros
Published: January 2020

Existe una obra estrechamente vinculada al universo de la Bauhaus, Das Triadische Ballett, ballet creado en gran parte por Oskar Schlemmer, cuyo diseño, desde el escenario, el vestuario, la coreografía, e incluso la música, comenzó sin embargo a nacer antes de la aparición de la institución fundada por Walter Gropius. Cuál fue su génesis, cuál fue el papel del diseño en el proceso creativo que le dio forma, hasta qué punto llegó la implicación de Schlemmer en esta obra y cómo ha pasado ha estar su nombre tan íntimamente unido a la Bauhaus, son algunos de los objetivos de este estudio. Asimismo, es esta puesta en escena una ocasión constante para ver actualizados los parámetros en los que se movería la escuela artística alemana, pues se trata de una obra de la que aún hoy, desde que la idea surgiera en 1912, pueden seguir viéndose representaciones.
Diseño y habitabilidad: una aproximación basada en los lenguajes de patrones
Authors: Hidalgo Pérez Antonio
Published: January 2020

En este texto se presenta un marco de trabajo inicial de lo que entendemos como una teoría del diseño basada en los lenguajes de patrones. Esta teoría del diseño se incluye dentro de una reflexión más amplia sobre las condiciones de habitabilidad de nuestra especie. Reflexión que denominamos “filosofía del habitar o de la habitabilidad”. Con ese objetivo, recuperamos algunas de las investigaciones del arquitecto y urbanista Christopher Alexander. Argumentamos a favor de una pequeña corrección del modelo que él propone para analizar los patrones. Complementamos esta reflexión reclamando pensar el diseño dentro de una teoría de las necesidades (Max-Neef) y un enfoque basado en procesos (Reschel). Todo ello acuerdo con una perspectiva que asume rigurosamente los límites biofísicos del planeta. Se trata, por tanto, de avanzar en un programa de investigación sobre el diseño de habitabilidades ecológicamente viables.
Understanding Design Aesthetics beyond Functional Beauty Accounts
Authors: Jiménez Sánchez Lucía
Published: January 2020

Abstract:
Design is presented as an apt object of aesthetic appreciation. The nature of its aesthetic dimension will be developed in terms of the relationship between form and function. Specially, by looking at the role that knowledge about function plays in our design aesthetic judgements. Then, I will present the dominant view about the aesthetic value of design coming from functional beauty accounts. Finally, in the last section, I will focus upon some problems derived from the aforementioned integral model form-function in design aesthetics. By means of practical cases, I will point to the narrowness of functional beauty accounts and its inability to include a broader range of actual design objects and their relevant design aesthetic properties.
Número completo
Authors: Laocoonte Revista
Published: January 2020

.
Estudio paleontológico de los gasterópodos y escafópodos (Mollusca) del Tortoniense superior de Arroyo Trujillo, Cantillana (Sevilla)
Authors: Cárdenas Joaquín , Bajo Ildefonso , Maestre M. Vicente
Published: January 2020

Se ha estudiado el conjunto de gaster.podos y escafápodos correspondiente al Tortoniense superior en el yacimiento de Arroyo Trujillo (Cantillana, Sevilla), en el borde norte de la Cuenca del Guadalquivir. Se han identificado 194 taxones de gasterópodos y 8 de escafópodos. Todos ellos han sido localizados en los tramos III y IV, de los cinco diferenciados en el yacimiento (Cárdenas et al., 2017). De sus improntas tafonómicas se deduce que los ejemplares han sufrido arrastres puntuales, remociones junto con los sedimentos del fondo marino con posteriores resedimentaciones, y por sus escasas bioerosiones y bioincrustaciones, producidas por otros seres vivos, un enterramiento temprano. Se analiza la distribución espacial de las especies durante el Neógeno en los dominios Atlántico, Mediterráneo y Paratethys, y se constata una mayor coincidencia del conjunto de gasterópodos y escafópodos del yacimiento con el conjunto de éstos citados en la zona mediterránea que con los citados en la zona atlántica. También se analizan determinados movimientos migratorios de algunas especies entre los diferentes dominios marinos. Caso muy problemático e incierto es la dispersión de Turritella incisaeformis.  En cuanto a las condiciones ambientales, se deduce una batimetría de 20-40 m. para el tramo III y 50-80 m. para el tramo IV; una salinidad normal y temperatura tropical o subtropical corroborada por la abundancia de especies de gasterópodos termófilos.
Pre-Messinian ecological diversity of Mediterranean sharks revealed by the study of their dermal denticles
Authors: Ferrón Humberto G. , Herraiz Jose Luis , Botella Héctor , Martínez-Pérez Carlos
Published: January 2020

The Messinian salinity crisis (~5.59 Ma) is regarded as one of the most determining events for the recent evolutionary and palaeobiogeographic history of the Mediterranean biota. The impact of such episode has usually been assessed by evaluating the associated taxonomic turnover, however its consequences have rarely been interpreted from an ecological perspective. Here we assess the functional diversity of shark dermal denticles in a Serravallian locality from southeast Spain, providing a primary view into the pre-Messinian ecological diversity of shark communities from the Western Mediterranean. Our results reveal a high diversity of functional types of dermal denticles including dermal denticles that prevent the settlement of ectoparasites and epibiontes, abrasion resistant dermal denticles, drag reduction dermal denticles and dermal denticles with less specific, or more generalized, functions. This variety of dermal denticles supports the presence of several ecological groups of sharks such as schooling and strong swimming species and, possibly, demersal species, slow sharks of the open water bioluminescent taxa. Therefore, the application of this methodology to Pliocene and Pleistocene fossiliferous sites will be crucial for unravelling the impact of Messinian salinity crisis and other recent geological events from an ecological perspective, allowing us to understand the shark communitycompositionand diversityof the current Mediterranean Sea.
Variability in locomotor dynamics reveals the critical role of feedback in task control
Authors: Uyanik Ismail , Sefati Shahin , Stamper Sarah A , Cho Kyoung-A , Ankarali M Mert , Fortune Eric S , Cowan Noah J
Published: January 2020

Animals vary considerably in size, shape, and physiological features across individuals, but yet achieve remarkably similar behavioral performances. We examined how animals compensate for morphophysiological variation by measuring the system dynamics of individual knifefish (Eigenmannia virescens) in a refuge tracking task. Kinematic measurements of Eigenmannia were used to generate individualized estimates of each fish’s locomotor plant and controller, revealing substantial variability between fish. To test the impact of this variability on behavioral performance, these models were used to perform simulated ‘brain transplants’—computationally swapping controllers and plants between individuals. We found that simulated closed-loop performance was robust to mismatch between plant and controller. This suggests that animals rely on feedback rather than precisely tuned neural controllers to compensate for morphophysiological variability.
C1 neurons are part of the circuitry that recruits active expiration in response to the activation of peripheral chemoreceptors
Authors: Malheiros-Lima Milene R , Silva Josiane N , Souza Felipe C , Takakura Ana C , Moreira Thiago S
Published: January 2020

Breathing results from the interaction of two distinct oscillators: the pre-Bötzinger Complex (preBötC), which drives inspiration; and the lateral parafacial region (pFRG), which drives active expiration. The pFRG is silent at rest and becomes rhythmically active during the stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors, which also activates adrenergic C1 cells. We postulated that the C1 cells and the pFRG may constitute functionally distinct but interacting populations for controlling expiratory activity during hypoxia. We found in rats that: a) C1 neurons are activated by hypoxia and project to the pFRG region; b) active expiration elicited by hypoxia was blunted after blockade of ionotropic glutamatergic receptors at the level of the pFRG; and c) selective depletion of C1 neurons eliminated the active expiration elicited by hypoxia. These results suggest that C1 cells may regulate the respiratory cycle, including active expiration, under hypoxic conditions.
Introduction
Authors: Donald Rakow
Published: January 2020

In contemporary culture, we are increasingly disconnected from our roots in the natural world. The majority of us live in densely populated urban areas and spend more time in front of a screen than in the woods. Significant social changes have contributed to fewer people being intentionally engaged with nature. This increasing disconnection seems related to a growing number of physical and mental health concerns. Institutions of higher education (IHEs), the diverse collection of colleges and universities around the world, are in a unique position to develop programs to reverse this trend. In this book we will address how social changes are impacting the mental and physical health of students attending IHEs and look at some of the programs developed at different institutions. The book should be of interest to practitioners in campus counseling centers; staff in student life centers; faculty instructors in disciplines as diverse as psychology, landscape architecture, and environmental sciences; members of NASPA (Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education) and the American College Health Association; and practitioners in the public garden field....
The Proven Benefits of Spending Time in Nature
Authors: Donald Rakow
Published: January 2020

The chapter focus is the science behind the mental health benefits of spending more time in nature, specifically the ways in which such time improves concentration and reduces stress. Models include Attention Restoration Theory and Stress-Reduction Theory, and practices include Forest Bathing, Wilderness Adventure Experiences and gardening. The potential of each approach to reduce stress and build resilience is described.
The Role of Nature Rx Programs in the Future of Higher Education
Authors: Donald Rakow
Published: January 2020

This chapter explores the limitations and barriers to creating Nature Rx programs. Some of these limitations include climate and geography while others include structures of institutions. The chapter concludes with suggestions about how to measure the effectiveness of these programs and the future potential of Nature Rx programs in ameliorating the health and mental health challenges found on campus.
Patriot Games
Authors: Ngoei Wen-Qing
Published: January 2020

This chapter analyzes American responses to Britain’s nation-building policies in Malaya during the British campaign against the Malayan Communist Party (MCP), a struggle that London dubbed the Malayan Emergency. It shows that as U.S. policymakers cast about for how to deal with the challenges of decolonization and the Cold War in Southeast Asia, they drew special inspiration from the British nation-building colonialism. To preserve its imperial influence in Southeast Asia, Britain had cultivated Malaya’s anticommunist nationalists and together they forged a popular multiracial political alliance that undermined the mostly Chinese MCP’s appeal to Malaya’s hundreds and thousands of ethnic Chinese. When Malaya gained independence in 1957, its relative stability and leaders’ determination to side with the West was received by U.S. leaders as a notch on the belt.
Introduction
Authors: Martin Christopher
Published: January 2020

The introduction argues that the news media, like in their coverage of Donald Trump supporters, typically consider “the working class” not in its entirety, but just in its stereotypical white male form. This nicely serves the purposes of divisive politicians who seek to exploit this image and divide the broader working class. The introduction contrasts news coverage of transit labor union strikes from the mid- and late-twentieth century to illustrate how America’s working class became invisible. The introduction also describes the author’s working class background and the discovery of a former Cleveland Plain Dealer labor reporter that sparked the idea for this book.
Workers and Political Voice
Authors: Martin Christopher
Published: January 2020

Chapter 5 exploresthe idea of political voice. It charts how the shift in journalism’s positions about labor unions and the working class relates to the shift in focus of the Democrat and Republican parties in the late 1960s and early 1970s and the concept of the “Silent Majority” encouraged by the Republican Party. As the media and politicians talked less about class, and the working class lost their voice,they found it again in the nascent Tea Party and Occupy Wall Street movements, which had similar origins, but wildly divergent solutions. The chapter also looks at the case of Iowa’s shift in political voice in the 2016 presidential election.
“Jason’s no Businessman … I Think He’s an Artist”
Authors: Kirshner Jonathan
Published: January 2020

In 1969 a struggling Columbia Pictures, seeking to connect with a generation that the old studio hands little understood and seemed unable to reach, signed a contract with producers Bob Rafelson, Bert Schneider, and Steve Blauner. The six-picture deal with their newly-formed production company, BBS, which traded low budgets in exchange for no studio interference over content, represented the New Hollywood dream: the opportunity to make movies that aspired to be both commercially viable and serious expressions of a more personal cinema. The BBS deal yielded some of the landmarks of the New Hollywood—films that likely would not otherwise have been possible to produce. This chapter considers the BBS phenomenon through a close reading of its films and their contribution to the New Hollywood.
The Parallax View
Authors: Thomson David
Published: January 2020

In this chapter, legendary critic David Thomson revisits Alan J. Pakula's The Parallax View, one of the signature “paranoid thrillers” of the 1970s—a film that offers itself as a color film noir for the 70s. According to Thomson, Pakula's exploration of paranoia was as filled with delight as dread. Looking back, we can see the film as a step in the progress of Warren Beatty (the star you dare not trust), as Pakula painted a portrait of the spreading unease of the era with an evocation of the anti-social killer personality - a type that would be terribly fulfilled in the years to come.
“I Don’t Know What to Do With my Hands”
Authors: Kouvaros George
Published: January 2020

The Killing of a Chinese Bookie is not a gangster film, writer-director John Cassavetes insists, but the precise rendition of a world—both everyday and larger than life. This chapter will consider what The Killing of a Chinese Bookie reveals about Cassavetes’ place in the New Hollywood. If one of the distinguishing features of this period is its filmmakers’ willingness to question motivations and suspend narrative causality, then how does Cassavetes’ rendition of the entanglements of a small-time strip club owner complicate or confirm this interpretation? In pursuing this and other questions, this chapter will consider the connections between The Killing of Chinese Bookie and other films in the director’s oeuvre as well as its affiliation to one of the era’s most important re-workings of the gangster film: Elaine May’s Mikey and Nicky (1976).
What “Golden Age”?
Authors: Lopate Phillip
Published: January 2020

In this chapter Phillip Lopate offers a dissent from the main themes of The New Hollywood Revisited, suggesting that the movement did not live up to the standards set by the best of the classic studio era and foreign art cinemas. The New Hollywood, in Lopate’s estimation, tapped into a zeitgeist dominated by the anti-war movement and the counter-culture that too often surrendered to a didactic, simplistic moralism. He acknowledges that there were wonderful passages in these films, with an energetic, cinematic daring. But the films were as well mired in a willful confusion and irresolution. In this introspective essay, Lopate assesses the styles of Cassavetes, Lumet and Altman, among others, and finds much to praise, despite his enduring wariness of New Hollywood cinema.
Prologue
Authors: Field Sean L.
Published: January 2020

The prologue to part two provides an overview of the reign of Philip III, including his marriage to Marie of Brabant and the crisis of 1276-1278 that led to the execution of his favorite, Pierre de La Broce.
Epilogue
Authors: Field Sean L.
Published: January 2020

After 1314 new scandals at the Capetian court focused on women as dangers, including Philip IV’s attack on his own daughters-in-law but also charges of sorcery against the royal cousin Mahaut of Artois. Most dramatically, Margueronne of Bellevillette emerged from prison with new self-accusations of sorcery and poisoning. After the death of the last Capetian king in 1328, chroniclers worked to re-imagine earlier female figures either as holy voices or dark forces. In the case of Isabelle of France, such chroniclers created the false impression that she had been a nun of Longchamp. Elizabeth of Spalbeek was given a more positive spin in a new French translation of William of Nangis’s earlier account. And Paupertas of Metz’s story was shortened in such a way as to make her into a more diabolical figure, while Marguerite Porete was represented in ways that made her seem like a more obvious threat to the kingdom.
“Conduct of a Nature to Bring Discredit upon the Military Service”
Authors: Byers Andrew
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines Fort Riley, Kansas, from 1898-1940. The chapter provides an overview of the military justice system and looks at specific legal cases to explore how the U.S. Army thought about issues related to sexuality: family life and marriage, sexual propriety, venereal disease, homosexuality, and sexual violence. Examining how the army treated what it considered criminal violations of a sexual nature in its court-martial process provides insight into what behaviors the army considered transgressive, how it publicly discussed such transgressions, and how it dealt with offenders. The chapter also reveals how entangled the army’s notions of marriage, the family, and sexual propriety were with social class and gender relations in how it policed contact between enlisted men and civilian women of various social classes.
“Benevolent Assimilation” and the Dangers of the Tropics
Authors: Byers Andrew
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines the U.S. Army occupation of the Philippines from 1898-1918. The long-term military presence in the Philippines represented perceived opportunities and dangers for white American men in the minds of some observers, highlighting the debates about U.S. imperialism in the period. The chapter analyzes the system of regulated prostitution the U.S. Army created and maintained as a means of controlling potential venereal infections among soldiers until public scandal forced an end to the program. The chapter also examines the effects that race and race relations had—both white and black soldiers were deployed to the Philippines—on sexual relations and how these were policed by the army.
“Come Back Clean”
Authors: Byers Andrew
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines Camp Beauregard, a training camp established during the First World War in Alexandria, Louisiana. Moral and social reformers feared the sexual dangers that newly-inducted draftees would face in training camps and in Europe, and used wartime training as an opportunity to attempt to indoctrinate soldiers in particular views of sexual morality. The Wilson administration created the Commission on Training Camp Activities (CTCA) to police soldiers’ sexuality and eliminate red-light districts in civilian communities. These efforts to eliminate “vice” near military bases were not universally accepted; military and civilian anti-vice efforts met with considerable local resistance in Louisiana, where there were many vested economic and other interests who benefited from continued access to prostitution.
Heroes and Mentors: Roger Baldwin and William J. “Wild Bill” Donovan
Authors: vanden Heuvel William
Published: January 2020

This chapter describes Ambassador vanden Heuvel's relationship with the two most important mentors of his early life: Roger Baldwin and General William J. "Wild Bill" Donovan. His friendship with Roger Baldwin – political activist, conscientious objector and founder of the American Civil Liberties Union – lasted from 1947 until Baldwin's death in 1981. His relationship with General Donovan, the most decorated American hero of WWI and the founder of the OSS, included working as Donovan's personal adjutant when Donovan served as ambassador to Thailand 1953-1954, and accompanying him in work for the International Rescue Committee (of which Donovan was Chair) during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. The chapter includes Ambassador vanden Heuvel's eulogy for Roger Baldwin, his journal entry on the fall of Dien Bien Phu in Vietnam, and his report on the Hungarian Revolution.
America and the Holocaust
Authors: vanden Heuvel William
Published: January 2020

This chapter presents Ambassador vanden Heuvel's views on American immigration policies towards Jews before and during WWII. In response to a documentary by the historian David Wyman criticizing Roosevelt and his administration, vanden Heuvel began his own research to set the record straight. He demonstrates that American policy toward refugees was more generous than any other country at the time and that efforts by FDR to encourage Congress to revise refugee quotas would have resulted in a reduction of those quotas by an isolationist Congress. He refutes the idea that the exact details of the death camps were widely known at the time and thus could have prompted a military plan to save the Jews. He also recalls his intervention with President Jimmy Carter to challenge such claims by Elie Wiesel and others.
Introduction
Authors: Gosin Monika
Published: January 2020

The Introduction discusses the aims of and inspiration for the book, and outlines its methodological approach. It situates the book’s focus on conflict between African Americans and Cubans, generations of Cuban immigrants, and black and white Cubans in Miami within broader scholarly concerns related to the investigation of how race operates in multicultural America. Introducing the theoretical concept of “worthy citizenship” and its application to interethnic conflict, the chapter contextualizes the issue of conflict between groups of color as rooted in a larger foundational framework of an elite-white-male-dominance system. The chapter further contends that the day-to-day lived experiences of marginalized or racialized groups reveal possibilities for challenging the logic of worthy citizenship, offering alternative forms of identification and interethnic cooperation.
Conclusion
Authors: Gosin Monika
Published: January 2020

The conclusion connects the historical analyses of previous chapters to the current Miami context, outlines the national implications of this book’s study, and offers insight into the future of scholarship on the dynamics of race in multicultural America. In regards to Miami, the chapter ponders what new demographic realities and political shifts means for the future of race relations there. In a national framework, the chapter discusses African-American and Latino conflict in light of more recent examples wherein “worthy citizenship” was invoked to pit Latino whiteness against African American blackness. Ultimately, the conclusion reminds us that as whites become the numerical minority, challenging lingering white dominant racial frames as well as structural inequities will be crucial for the forging of effective alliances between currently marginalized groups.
Emplotting Politics James I and the “Powder Treason”
Authors: Meyler Bernadette
Published: January 2020

Shakespeare’s Measure for Measure was staged before King James I in 1604 and could have provided a model of mercy for his response to the infamous Gunpowder Plot—Guy Fawkes’s attempt along with other Catholics to demolish the Houses of Parliament. Instead, James’s response to the plot adopted another kind of tragicomic form, that associated with John of Patmos’s Revelation. Before the age of twenty, James had penned a Paraphrase upon the Reuelation and his contemporaries often interpreted the Book of Revelation as a kind of tragicomedy. Yet this variety of tragicomedy did not end happily for everyone—only for the elect, including James himself.
From Sovereignty to the State The Tragicomic Clemency of Massinger’s The Bondman
Authors: Meyler Bernadette
Published: January 2020

Philip Massinger’s 1623 play The Bondman appealed to a number of very different audiences, from King Charles I, to republicans resisting Charles II’s return to England, to spectators after the Restoration. This chapter argues that the play proved so versatile because it placed priority on the preservation of the state over any particular form of sovereignty. This political orientation derives in part from The Bondman’s debt to Senecan stoicism. Stoicism shapes the play’s approach to mercy as well. Rather than relying on a sovereign pardon, the play emphasizes a kind of rule based on equity as well as a variety of clemency derived from Lucius Annaeus Seneca’s De Clementia. Clemency as presented by the play entails preservation of the body politic through enlargement of the sovereign’s compass of concern.
Between Royal Pardons and Acts of Oblivion
Authors: Meyler Bernadette
Published: January 2020

In the 1650s, tragicomedies continued to be composed in which pardoning played a central role. These often took a royalist perspective and reinvigorated a sovereign pardon along the lines of Shakespeare’s Measure for Measure. At the same time, they dwelt on the appropriate treatment of subordinate figures in the state at moments of what we would now call transitional justice. This chapter focuses on the royalist playwright Cosmo Manuche, including his works The Just General and The Banish’d Shepherdess—which remains in manuscript—as well as a political treatise by his patron, James Compton, Earl of Northampton. Manuche’s plays contemplate the fate of those who have been disloyal to a prior regime but were not leaders of the revolution, while Compton’s treatise advocates for an act of indemnity or oblivion.
“Digging for Deferments”
Authors: Rutenberg Amy J.
Published: January 2020

This chapter argues that proposals for universal military training (UMT) for all American men failed for several reasons. Opponents of UMT attacked the idea’s efficacy for national defense, but they also questioned the assumptions that military training made men or should be an obligation of citizenship. Despite the support of the War Department, three presidents, and the majority of American citizens, UMT failed to gain legislative traction, in part because Americans did not share a common definition of masculine citizenship. The failure of UMT confirmed that military service in the United States would be selective rather than compulsory and that it would not be directly tied to masculine forms of citizenship. Its failure reinforced the notion that there were alternative acceptable ways of being a man and a citizen in the United States.
“To Rub Smooth the Sharp Edges”
Authors: Rutenberg Amy J.
Published: January 2020

This chapter contends that members of Congress were reluctant to draft students and fathers during the Korean War because they believed the conflict was just the opening salvo of a much longer Cold War. America was entering an indeterminate period of militarized peace, during which conscription would remain necessary. Therefore, the nation’s economic and domestic future depended on careful and reasoned deliberation over who to draft and who to defer. The draft law that emerged during the Korean War, the Universal Military Training and Service Act of 1951, militarized fatherhood and civilian occupations defined as in the national health, safety, or interest by making them eligible for deferments. Yet, by keeping certain groups of men out of the armed forces in the name of national security, the law broadened the definition of service to the state and limited the reach of the military itself.
“The Most Important Human Salvage Operation in the History of Our Country”
Authors: Rutenberg Amy J.
Published: January 2020

Chapter six argues that in working to avoid the draft, men during the Vietnam War did not behave terribly differently from men during World War II or the Korean War. Rather, it was the context of their actions that changed. This chapter affirms that the historical conditions of the Vietnam War, particularly the advent of draft counseling, made it easier for men to engage in draft avoidance behavior. But it also argues that the military manpower policies of the previous decades influenced their choices. Because policies and practices privileged men with the resources to attend college, gain admittance to the National Guard or Reserves, find sympathetic doctors, or write reasoned belief statements in conscientious objector applications, white, middle-class men were the most successful at avoiding the draft. For them, military service was a decision more than a fait accompli. Working-class and minority men had fewer tools for draft avoidance.
“Choice or Chance”
Authors: Rutenberg Amy J.
Published: January 2020

Chapter six argues that in working to avoid the draft, men during the Vietnam War did not behave terribly differently from men during World War II or the Korean War. Rather, it was the context of their actions that changed. This chapter affirms that the historical conditions of the Vietnam War, particularly the advent of draft counseling, made it easier for men to engage in draft avoidance behavior. But it also argues that the military manpower policies of the previous decades influenced their choices. Because policies and practices privileged men with the resources to attend college, gain admittance to the National Guard or Reserves, find sympathetic doctors, or write reasoned belief statements in conscientious objector applications, white, middle-class men were the most successful at avoiding the draft. For them, military service was a decision more than a fait accompli. Working-class and minority men had fewer tools for draft avoidance.
The Postwar Moment
Authors: Cole Joshua
Published: January 2020

The First World War was an important turning point in the history of French Algeria because many Algerians—both citizens and colonial subjects—participated in the war effort. The participation of Muslim Algerians in this national emergency created pressures for reform, resulting in a new law in 1919 that gave many Algerian Muslims the right to vote and run for office in local elections. This chapter explores the immediate consequences of this development along with an episode of anti-Jewish agitation in 1921 in Constantine when Muslim residents of the city refused to respond to attempts by settler anti-Semites to incite violence against the city’s Jews.
Rehearsals for Crisis
Authors: Cole Joshua
Published: January 2020

In the summer of 1933, threats of violence led police to shut down access to the center of the city after rumours of impending violence between Muslims and Jews in Constantine. During the months that followed Bendjelloul engaged negotiated with both French colonial authorities in Algeria and the government in Paris about his political challenge to the local establishment. This chapter explores these events in order to describe the local political atmosphere on the eve of the violence of August 1934.
Shock and Containment
Authors: Cole Joshua
Published: January 2020

In the aftermath of the violence, local authorities moved quickly to assign blame, while the political establishment worked to contain the ensuing political crisis that had emerged from the breakdown of social order. The vulnerability of the Jewish population, visible at the public funeral of the victims the following week, and the embarrassment of the Prefecture at their inability to maintain control, dominated the early discussion of the riot and its immediate consequences. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the report prepared by the official investigating commission appointed by the Governor General’s office, which blamed an atmosphere of primitive religious fanaticism among Algeria’s Muslim population for the outbreak of violence, and refused to recognize the broader political context of the conflict.
Empire of Fright
Authors: Cole Joshua
Published: January 2020

In the weeks that followed, a succession of events kept the city on high alert, including the trial of Mohamed Bendjelloul for striking a police officer during the riot, and a boycott of Jewish businesses that developed in September and October 1934. This chapter argues that the atmosphere of rumor and uncertainty was aggravated by persistent suggestions that the riots had been encouraged by the anti-Semitism of the settler population, and that the rioters themselves had not seen their participation in attacks on Jewish businesses as anti-French.