Electromagnetic radiation from electrically driven vehicles
Authors: Bazhynov Oleksii , Kravtsov Mykhailo 
Published: February 2024

The problem of electromagnetic radiation of vehicles exists and worries people, because it is not clear what is the safe level of frequency, intensity, time spent by drivers and passengers in vehicles, etc. The article is devoted to the disclosure of the problems of adverse effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) and electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of modern hybrid and electric vehicles on drivers, passengers, pedestrians and the environment. The purpose of the study was to investigate the process of occurrence, propagation and impact of negative functions of electromagnetic radiation on biological objects, their propagation speed, flicker, wavelength and frequency, and radiation devices in electric and hybrid vehicles. The methodology of the article is based on the results of research by scientists from around the world and our own research and experiments, the results of which are presented in this article. The results of the scientific work are reviewed from researchers on this topic and their own tests are described The authors point out the need to measure electromagnetic radiation at the stages of their operation, repair and manufacture, since these vehicles running on electric traction generate magnetic fields that can violate electromagnetic safety. This is because electric vehicles have power plants, sensors, control, information and communication systems. Electric currents flowing through electric motors, power circuits, and batteries while driving generate magnetic fields (MFs) in the low frequency ranges (ultra low frequency (ULF), 0.001 - 10 Hz; extremely low frequency (ELF), 10 - 300 Hz).Higher harmonics of the electric field in electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles are generated by various electronic devices on board, information and communication systems. For example, in hybrid vehicles, magnetic pulses of up to 5 kHz are generated when the internal combustion engine is switched to electric mode. In addition, all types of cars generate a low-frequency pulsating magnetic field when the steel wheel disks rotate. The frequency f of this field is determined by the wheel speed and is usually f 20 Hz, but the spectrum also contains harmonics. The scientific novelty is that for the first time the concept of modeling and optimization of electromagnetic hazard assessment of electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles is presented, which has a unified approach to the study of the magnetic field regardless of the structure and design schemes of their power plants at the stage of operation; for the first time methods for assessing important parameters of the magnetic field of electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles at the stage of operation are developed based on the concept of optimal control of the power plant depending on the operating conditions. The practical significance is the originality, which lies in the fact that the authors have considered the problems of determining the moment of occurrence of traffic hazards in various road and transport situations and the technical hazards of various types of electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles.