bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internationalization, Hegemony, and Diversity: In Search of a New Vision for the Global Music Education Community
Authors: Kertz-Welzel Alexandra
Published: March 2021

In higher education, internationalization is often seen as an exclusively positive development, even though there has been increased critique. This critique concerns a superficial understanding of internationalization as copying what globally successful universities do, thus ignoring local or national needs. But it is also related to the danger of confusing internationalization with Anglo-Americanization, in general and in various fields such as music education. Therefore, an investigation of what internationalization is with regard to music education and how it could look differently is much needed. This chapter critically analyzes internationalization in music education. At the core is the question of how internationalizing music education can be shaped in a way that overcomes hidden structures of hegemony. This chapter envisions a culturally sensitive internationalization of music education which acknowledges various teaching and research cultures. A framework, suggesting conceptual categories such as educational transfer or global knowledge production, can facilitate the formation of a united, yet diverse, global music education community. Additionally, selected concepts of community are presented that can be models for what a culturally sensitive international music education community could look like.
The Art(s) of Getting Lost: Halting Places for Culturally Responsive Research Methods
Authors: Sæther Eva
Published: March 2021

This chapter revisits the ideas of radical empiricism and sensuous scholarship, embedded in current music education research. Focusing on the development of methodological implications of cultural responsiveness and arts-based research methods, the chapter argues for epistemic openness. The discussion is located within the author’s own experiences of course development for Swedish music teacher students in Gambia, field studies in multicultural classrooms in Sweden, and research design that includes the fiddle, opening up for music to ask the questions. Borrowing from anthropological research the concepts of radical empiricism and sensuous scholarship, music education researchers might find useful tools to approach project planning, to perform the analysis of the material and to communicate the results in culturally responsive forms that inform both research and praxis. By studying music transmission with culturally sensitive research methods, this chapter suggests possibilities to do more than observing and reporting. There is a possibility to engage with different knowledge systems and politics, in all types of retrieved material – and to generate inclusive knowledge building.
Body Politics: Positioning the Pregnant Researcher Amongst Asylum Seekers
Authors: Kenny Ailbhe
Published: March 2021

Researcher positionality has gained increased attention in recent years, and music education is following suit. Carrying out research that addresses diversity in music education demands a high level of reflexivity and a problematising of one’s own position as researcher. This chapter offers critical insights into the complexity of such a positioning and how research practices might reflect, confirm and/or disrupt the existing ‘body politic’ that our bodies signify. Researcher positionality is here examined in terms of pregnancy within a research project based at an asylum seeker accommodation centre. Applying a Butlerian lens to the examination, the chapter uncovers how the researcher’s pregnant body was ‘performed’ and became the main focus of ‘recognition’ amongst the people encountered at the centre. These processes of ‘performing’ and being ‘recognised’ as a ‘pregnant researcher’ manifested in various ways such as gaining access, credibility, trust, relationships, ethical considerations and power. Thus, the chapter opens a space to reflect critically on researcher positionality and specifically its influence on the research process in sites that seek to understand diversity in music education.
“Where the Social Stigma Has Been Overcome”: The Politics of Professional Legitimation in Nepali Music Education
Authors: Treacy Danielle Shannon , Thapa Sapna , Neupane Suyash Kumar
Published: March 2021

This chapter explores the actions musician-teachers in the extremely diverse and complex context of the Kathmandu Valley imagine that might hold potential for contesting and altering processes of marginalisation and stigmatisation in Nepali society. The empirical material was generated in 16 workshops involving 53 musician-teachers and guided by the Appreciative Inquiry 4D model (e.g. Cooperrider et al. Appreciative inquiry handbook: for leaders of change. Crown Custom, Brunswick, 2005). Drawing upon the work of Arjun Appadurai, we analysed the ways in which engaging the collective imagination (1996) and fostering the capacity to aspire (2004) can support musician-teachers in finding resources for changing their terms of recognition. We identified five actions that musicians and musician-teachers take to legitimise their position in Nepali society: (1) challenging stigmatised identities, (2) engaging foreignness, (3) advocating academisation, (4) countering groupism, and (5) promoting professionalisation. We argue that these actions suggest the need for music teachers to be able to ethically and agentively navigate both the dynamic nature of culture and questions of legitimate knowledge, which may be fostered through an emphasis on professional responsibility (Solbrekke and Sugrue. Professional responsibility: new horizons of praxis. Routledge, New York, 2011) in music teacher education.
Recovering the Gay Village: A Comparative Historical Geography of Urban Change and Planning in Toronto and Sydney
Authors: Gorman-Murray Andrew , Nash Catherine J.
Published: March 2021

This chapter argues that the historical geographies of Toronto’s Church and Wellesley Street district and Sydney’s Oxford Street gay villages are important in understanding ongoing contemporary transformations in both locations. LGBT and queer communities as well as mainstream interests argue that these gay villages are in some form of “decline” for various social, political, and economic reasons. Given their similar histories and geographies, our analysis considers how these historical geographies have both enabled and constrained how the respective gay villages respond to these challenges, opening up and closing down particular possibilities for alternative (and relational) geographies. While there are a number of ways to consider these historical geographies, we focus on three factors for analysis: post-World War II planning policies, the emergence of “city of neighborhoods” discourses, and the positioning of gay villages within neoliberal processes of commodification and consumerism. We conclude that these distinctive historical geographies offer a cogent set of understandings by providing suggestive explanations for how Toronto’s and Sydney’s gendered and sexual landscapes are being reorganized in distinctive ways, and offer some wider implications for urban planning and policy.
Far Beyond the Gay Village: LGBTQ Urbanism and Generation in Montréal’s Mile End
Authors: Podmore Julie A.
Published: March 2021

Research on LGBTQ neighbourhood formation in the urban West suggests that new patterns of community and identity are reshaping the queer inner-city and its geographies. As gay village districts “decline” or are “de-gayed” and new generations “dis-identify” with the urban ideals that once informed their production, LGBTQ subcultures are producing varied alternatives in other inner-city neighbourhoods. Beyond the contours of ethno-racialization and social class, generational interpretations of LGBTQ urbanism—subcultural ideals regarding the relationship between sexual and gender identity and its expression in urban space—are central to the production of such new inner-city LGBTQ subcultural sites. This chapter provides a qualitative case study Montréal’s of Mile End, an inner-city neighbourhood that, by the early 2010s, was touted as the centre of the city’s emerging queer subculture. Drawing on a sample of young-adult (22 to 30 years) LGBTQ-identified Mile Enders (n = 40), it examines generational shifts in perceptions of sexual and gender identity, queer community and neighbourhoods. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the implications of queer Mile End for theorizing the contemporary queer inner-city.
Understanding e-Science—What Is It About?
Authors: Koschtial Claudia
Published: March 2021

Our daily life has experienced significant changes in the Internet age. The emergence of e-science is regarded as a dramatic one for science. Wikis, blogs, virtual social networks, grid computing and open access are just a brief selection of related new technologies. In order to understand the changes, it is necessary to define these aspects of e-science precisely. Right now, no generally used term or common definition of e-science exists, which limits the understanding of the true potential of the concept. Based on a well-known approach to science in terms of three dimensions—human, task and technology—the author provides a framework for understanding the concept which enables a distinctive view of its development. The concept of e-science emerged in coherence with the technological development of web 2.0 and infrastructure and has reached maturity. This is impacting on the task and human dimensions as in this context, the letter “e” means more than just electronic.
Researching Scientific Structures via Joint Authorships—The Case of Virtual 3D Modelling in the Humanities
Authors: Münster Sander
Published: March 2021

One of the topics addressed by e-science research is the measurement of academic knowledge production based on electronic data and its relevance in defining the academic landscape. The author employs e-science methods to research cooperative authorships and scientific structures in a specific area of applied e-sciences: virtual 3D modelling in the humanities. Based on the findings, possibilities for cross-disciplinary and international cooperation are discussed. The number of international publications and average number of authors involved in each publication are lower than those found in other scientific fields. Moreover, research indicates that in the humanities, 3D modelling is relatively new and still emergent. Besides such general indications, several key players as people and institutions which interconnect groups of researchers could be identified on a structural level.
The Use of Digital Tools in Scholarly Activities. Empirical Findings on the State of Digitization of Science in Germany, Focusing on Saxony
Authors: Albrecht Steffen , Minet Claudia , Herbst Sabrina , Pscheida Daniela , Köhler Thomas
Published: March 2021

Scholars are only beginning to understand what digitization means for their work, that is, the conduct of science. Taking a broad perspective on e-science, this paper provides empirical insights about two important aspects of the digitization of science, namely the use of digital tools in scholarly activities and scholars’ perceptions of the change such use entails. The results of a German-wide survey of scholars and supplementary qualitative interviews in the years 2012 and 2013 show that the majority of scholars have adopted digital tools and that scholarly practice is affected profoundly by the use of such tools. This does not apply to web 2.0 tools, which remain a niche medium for some scholars. Small but significant differences exist between disciplines, and decisions about individual tool use are utilitarian. Further research is needed to assess the changes from a longitudinal perspective.
Digital Research Infrastructure
Authors: Stührenberg Maik , Schonefeld Oliver , Witt Andreas
Published: March 2021

Digital research infrastructures can be divided into four categories: large equipment, IT infrastructure, social infrastructure, and information infrastructure. Modern research institutions often employ both IT infrastructure and information infrastructure, such as databases or large-scale research data. In addition, information infrastructure depends to some extent on IT infrastructure. In this paper, we discuss the IT, information, and legal infrastructure issues that research institutions face.
CLARIN-D: An IT-Based Research Infrastructure for the Humanities and Social Sciences
Authors: Heyer Gerhard , Böhlke Volker
Published: March 2021

The paper discusses the idea of bridging the gap between computer sciences and the humanities by referring to an e-humanities infrastructure that provides tools and services for well-defined and frequently encountered tasks. The main goal of this infrastructure is to enable researchers in the humanities and social sciences to better exploit their potential by reusing available digital resources, and thus to increase the efficiency of e-humanities projects. CLARIN-D is an example of such a research infrastructure. The paper provides a brief overview of the basic principles and services of the CLARIN-D infrastructure, such as metadata harvesting, federated content search, and chaining Web services.
Designing External Knowledge Communication in a Research Network The Case of Sustainable Land Management
Authors: Köhler Thomas , Weith Thomas , Herbst Sabrina , Gaasch Nadin
Published: March 2021

Designing knowledge communication with external partners is a core activity of research networks. In science, such communication has been addressed only recently and is still considered as non-academic activity. Successful communication with practitioners, that is knowledge transfer, is a crucial factor for effective research. In the age of online communication, this requires special attention and skills, for example related to social media communication. Based on our own empirical results derived from interviews, the authors identify what factors affect the communication process and how the design of communication content may be influenced.

To do so, successful examples of communication with external stakeholders are presented. For the theoretical basis, science communication, knowledge communication, knowledge management, and knowledge transfer were selected and consolidated. Although the findings stem from a research network specializing in sustainable land management, they can be transferred to other academic collaborations. Our results indicate that external communication is effective when knowledge has been transferred between academics and practitioners.
Working with Cultural Mediators
Authors: Theisen-Womersley Gail
Published: March 2021

While Western mental health professionals are working to provide assistance to displaced populations around the world, it is important to take a step back and consider the unique contexts in which this work is done (Nicolas et al., .International Journal of Culture and Mental Health 8:34–45, 2015).
Conclusion
Authors: Theisen-Womersley Gail
Published: March 2021

The number of refugees across the globe is growing dramatically—a trend predicted to continue due to a global increase in social and political instability as well as socioeconomic conflicts. In places where violence is seen as a necessary factor in achieving peace, ongoing armed conflict, and displacement will likely contribute to continued psychological impairment and suffering among those affected (Morina et al., .Frontiers in Psychiatry 9:433, 2018). Indeed, research overwhelmingly attests to the alarmingly high rates of PTSD among this population (Schouler-Ocak, M., Laban, C. J., Bäärnhielm, S., Kastrup, M. C., Dein, S., & Wintrob, R. (2019). Transcultural psychiatry: Refugee, asylum seeker and immigrant patients over the globe. In A. Javad & K. Fountoulakis (Eds.), Advances in Psychiatry (pp. 637–655). Cham: Springer.).
Research Data Infrastructures and Engineering Metadata
Authors: Horsch Martin Thomas , Chiacchiera Silvia , Cavalcanti Welchy Leite , Schembera Björn
Published: March 2021

This chapter introduces metadata models as a semantic technology for knowledge representation to describe selected aspects of a research asset. The process of building a hierarchical metadata model is reenacted in this chapter and highlighted by the example of EngMeta. Moreover, an overview on data infrastructures is given, the general architecture and functions are disscussed, and multiple examples of data infrastructures in materials modelling are given.
Semantic Technology for Simulations and Molecular Particle-Based Methods
Authors: Horsch Martin Thomas , Chiacchiera Silvia , Cavalcanti Welchy Leite , Schembera Björn
Published: March 2021

In this Chapter we discuss the role of ontologies for simulations, in the context of materials modelling in general and of molecular particle-based methods in particular. After a brief overview of the literature and possible applications, we present the VIMMP ontologies that allow to describe software capabilities and to further specify the various algorithms via the involved variables: the VImmp Ontology of Software (VISO) and the Vimmp Ontology of Variables (VOV).
Applications of the Metadata Standards
Authors: Horsch Martin Thomas , Chiacchiera Silvia , Cavalcanti Welchy Leite , Schembera Björn
Published: March 2021

This chapter addresses issues related to the practical use of the metadata standards, including syntactic interoperability and concrete scenarios from molecular modelling and simulation. It discusses challenges that arise from semantic heterogeneity, wherever multiple interoperability standards are concurrently employed for identical or overlapping domains of knowledge, or where domain ontologies need to be matched to top-level ontologies such as the European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO).
PASTA: An Efficient Proactive Adaptation Approach Based on Statistical Model Checking for Self-Adaptive Systems
Authors: Shin Yong-Jun , Cho Eunho , Bae Doo-Hwan
Published: March 2021

Proactive adaptation, in which the adaptation for a system’s reliable goal achievement is performed by predicting changes in the environment, is considered as an effective alternative to reactive adaptation, in which adaptation is performed after observing changes. When predicting the environmental changes, the prediction may be uncertain, so it is necessary to verify and confirm an adaptation’s consequences before execution. To resolve the uncertainty, probabilistic model checking (PMC) has been utilized for verification of adaptation tactics’ effects on the goal of a self-adaptive system (SAS). However, PMC-based approaches have limitations on the state-explosion problem of complex SAS model verification and the modeling languages supported by the model checkers. In this paper, to overcome the limitations of the PMC-based approaches, we propose an efficient Proactive Adaptation approach based on STAtistical model checking (PASTA). Our approach allows SASs to mitigate the uncertainty of the future environment, faster than the PMC-based approach, by producing statistically sufficient samples for verification of adaptation tactics based on statistical model checking (SMC) algorithms. We provide algorithmic processes, a reference architecture, and an open-source implementation skeleton of PASTA for engineers to apply it for SAS development. We evaluate PASTA on two SASs using actual data and show that PASTA is efficient comparing to the PMC-based approach. We also provide a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of PMC- and SMC-based proactive adaptation to guide engineers’ decision-making for SAS development.
CoVeriTest with Adaptive Time Scheduling (Competition Contribution)
Authors: Jakobs Marie-Christine , Richter Cedric
Published: March 2021

CoVeriTest, which is integrated in the analysis framework CPAchecker, adopts verification technology for test-case generation. It encodes individual test goals as reachability queries, which are then processed by verifiers. To increase the effectiveness on a broad class of testing tasks, CoVeriTest leverages the strengths of two different analyses: an explicit value analysis and predicate abstraction. Similar to TestComp’20, the two analyses are interleaved and the time duration of an interleaving segment is calculated dynamically. However, the calculation of the time duration focuses on the predicted future performance instead of the past performance, thus, rewarding analyses that likely cover open test goals.
Engineering Secure Self-Adaptive Systems with Bayesian Games
Authors: Li Nianyu , Zhang Mingyue , Kang Eunsuk , Garlan David
Published: March 2021

Security attacks present unique challenges to self-adaptive system design due to the adversarial nature of the environment. Game theory approaches have been explored in security to model malicious behaviors and design reliable defense for the system in a mathematically grounded manner. However, modeling the system as a single player, as done in prior works, is insufficient for the system under partial compromise and for the design of fine-grained defensive strategies where the rest of the system with autonomy can cooperate to mitigate the impact of attacks. To deal with such issues, we propose a new self-adaptive framework incorporating Bayesian game theory and model the defender (i.e., the system) at the granularity ofcomponents. Under security attacks, the architecture model of the system is translated into aBayesian multi-player game, where each component is explicitly modeled as an independent player while security attacks are encoded as variant types for the components. The optimal defensive strategy for the system is dynamically computed by solving the pure equilibrium (i.e., adaptation response) to achieve the best possible system utility, improving the resiliency of the system against security attacks. We illustrate our approach using an example involving load balancing and a case study on inter-domain routing.
An Abstract Contract Theory for Programs with Procedures
Authors: Lidström Christian , Gurov Dilian
Published: March 2021

When developing complex software and systems, contracts provide a means for controlling the complexity by dividing the responsibilities among the components of the system in a hierarchical fashion. In specific application areas, dedicated contract theories formalise the notion of contract and the operations on contracts in a manner that supports best the development of systems in that area. At the other end, contract meta-theories attempt to provide a systematic view on the various contract theories by axiomatising their desired properties. However, there exists a noticeable gap between the most well-known contract meta-theory of Benveniste et al. [5], which focuses on the design of embedded and cyber-physical systems, and the established way of using contracts when developing general software, following Meyer’s design-by-contract methodology [18]. At the core of this gap appears to be the notion of procedure: while it is a central unit of composition in software development, the meta-theory does not suggest an obvious way of treating procedures as components.

In this paper, we provide a first step towards a contract theory that takes procedures as the basic building block, and is at the same time an instantiation of the meta-theory. To this end, we propose an abstract contract theory for sequential programming languages with procedures, based on denotational semantics. We show that, on the one hand, the specification of contracts of procedures in Hoare logic, and their procedure-modular verification, can be cast naturally in the framework of our abstract contract theory. On the other hand, we also show our contract theory to fulfil the axioms of the meta-theory. In this way, we give further evidence for the utility of the meta-theory, and prepare the ground for combining our instantiation with other, already existing instantiations.
Analysis of Markov Jump Processes under Terminal Constraints
Authors: Backenköhler Michael , Bortolussi Luca , Großmann Gerrit , Wolf Verena
Published: March 2021

Many probabilistic inference problems such as stochastic filtering or the computation of rare event probabilities require model analysis under initial and terminal constraints. We propose a solution to thisbridging problemfor the widely used class of population-structured Markov jump processes. The method is based on a state-space lumping scheme that aggregates states in a grid structure. The resulting approximate bridging distribution is used to iteratively refine relevant and truncate irrelevant parts of the state-space. This way, the algorithm learns a well-justified finite-state projection yielding guaranteed lower bounds for the system behavior under endpoint constraints. We demonstrate the method’s applicability to a wide range of problems such as Bayesian inference and the analysis of rare events.
On Satisficing in Quantitative Games
Authors: Bansal Suguman , Chatterjee Krishnendu , Vardi Moshe Y.
Published: March 2021

Several problems in planning and reactive synthesis can be reduced to the analysis of two-player quantitative graph games.Optimizationis one form of analysis. We argue that in many cases it may be better to replace the optimization problem with thesatisficing problem, where instead of searching for optimal solutions, the goal is to search for solutions that adhere to a given threshold bound.

This work defines and investigates the satisficing problem on a two-player graph game with the discounted-sum cost model. We show that while the satisficing problem can be solved using numerical methods just like the optimization problem, this approach does not render compelling benefits over optimization. When the discount factor is, however, an integer, we present another approach to satisficing, which is purely based on automata methods. We show that this approach is algorithmically more performant – both theoretically and empirically – and demonstrates the broader applicability of satisficing over optimization.
Improving Neural Network Verification through Spurious Region Guided Refinement
Authors: Yang Pengfei , Li Renjue , Li Jianlin , Huang Cheng-Chao , Wang Jingyi , Sun Jun , Xue Bai , Zhang Lijun
Published: March 2021

We propose a spurious region guided refinement approach for robustness verification of deep neural networks. Our method starts with applying the DeepPoly abstract domain to analyze the network. If the robustness property cannot be verified, the result is inconclusive. Due to the over-approximation, the computed region in the abstraction may be spurious in the sense that it does not contain any true counterexample. Our goal is to identify such spurious regions and use them to guide the abstraction refinement. The core idea is to make use of the obtained constraints of the abstraction to infer new bounds for the neurons. This is achieved by linear programming techniques. With the new bounds, we iteratively apply DeepPoly, aiming to eliminate spurious regions. We have implemented our approach in a prototypical tool DeepSRGR. Experimental results show that a large amount of regions can be identified as spurious, and as a result, the precision of DeepPoly can be significantly improved. As a side contribution, we show that our approach can be applied to verify quantitative robustness properties.
Resilient Capacity-Aware Routing
Authors: Schmid Stefan , Schnepf Nicolas , Srba Jiří
Published: March 2021

To ensure a high availability, communication networks provide resilient routing mechanisms that quickly change routes upon failures. However, a fundamental algorithmic question underlying such mechanisms is hardly understood: how to verify whether a given network reroutes flows alongfeasiblepaths, without violating capacity constraints, for up toklink failures? We chart the algorithmic complexity landscape of resilient routing under link failures, considering shortest path routing based on link weights as e.g. deployed in the ECMP protocol. We study two models: apessimisticmodel where flows interfere in a worst-case manner along equal-cost shortest paths, and anoptimisticmodel where flows are routed in a best-case manner, and we present a complete picture of the algorithmic complexities. We further propose a strategic search algorithm that checks only the critical failure scenarios while still providing correctness guarantees. Our experimental evaluation on a benchmark of Internet and datacenter topologies confirms an improved performance of our strategic search by several orders of magnitude.
Network Traffic Classification by Program Synthesis
Authors: Shi Lei , Li Yahui , Loo Boon Thau , Alur Rajeev
Published: March 2021

Writing classification rules to identify interesting network traffic is a time-consuming and error-prone task. Learning-based classification systems automatically extract such rules from positive and negative traffic examples. However, due to limitations in the representation of network traffic and the learning strategy, these systems lack both expressiveness to cover a range of applications and interpretability in fully describing the traffic’s structure at the session layer. This paper presents Sharingan system, which uses program synthesis techniques to generate network classification programs at the session layer. Sharingan accepts raw network traces as inputs and reports potential patterns of the target traffic in NetQRE, a domain specific language designed for specifying session-layer quantitative properties. We develop a range of novel optimizations that reduce the synthesis time for large and complex tasks to a matter of minutes. Our experiments show that Sharingan is able to correctly identify patterns from a diverse set of network traces and generates explainable outputs, while achieving accuracy comparable to state-of-the-art learning-based systems.
FOREST: An Interactive Multi-tree Synthesizer for Regular Expressions
Authors: Ferreira Margarida , Terra-Neves Miguel , Ventura Miguel , Lynce Inês , Martins Ruben
Published: March 2021

Form validators based on regular expressions are often used on digital forms to prevent users from inserting data in the wrong format. However, writing these validators can pose a challenge to some users.

We presentForest, a regular expression synthesizer for digital form validations.Forestproduces a regular expression that matches the desired pattern for the input values and a set of conditions over capturing groups that ensure the validity of integer values in the input. Our synthesis procedure is based on enumerative search and uses a Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solver to explore and prune the search space. We propose a novel representation for regular expressions synthesis, multi-tree, which induces patterns in the examples and uses them to split the problem through a divide-and-conquer approach. We also present a new SMT encoding to synthesize capture conditions for a given regular expression. To increase confidence in the synthesized regular expression, we implement user interaction based on distinguishing inputs.

We evaluatedForeston real-world form-validation instances using regular expressions. Experimental results show thatForestsuccessfully returns the desired regular expression in 70% of the instances and outperformsRegel, a state-of-the-art regular expression synthesizer.
Chancen der Digitalisierung – Transaktionskosten im traditionellen Geschäft senken, neue Interaktionen verstärken
Authors: Proff Harald , Ahrens Claudia , Neuroth Wencke , Proff Heike , Knobbe Florian , Szybisty Gregor , Sommer Stefan
Published: March 2021

Wir wollen in diesem Kapitel begründen, welche Chancen die Digitalisierung dem Management bietet:

Gemäß der Transaktionskostentheorie ermöglicht Digitalisierung eine Standardisierung von Schnittstellen und damit eine Verringerung von Interdependenzen entlang der Wertkette im traditionellen Geschäft und damit * eine Verringerung der (Transaktions-)Kosten

der internen Koordination durch bessere Standardisierung unternehmensinterner Schnittstellen, wodurch z. B. schneller mehr Varianten profitabel angeboten werden können,

der externen Koordination durch Standardisierung der Schnittstellen zu Lieferanten, wodurch eine Auslagerung von eigener Wertschöpfung auf kostengünstigere Lieferanten erleichtert wird sowie

der externen Koordination durch Standardisierung der Schnittstellen zu Kooperationspartnern, um durch gemeinsame Wertschöpfung Synergien zu erzielen und * dadurch auch eine Verringerung von Zielkonflikten zwischen Effizienz und Flexibilität, wodurch Handlungsspielräume für eine bessere Ausrichtung im Wettbewerb geschaffen werden.

Gemäß den Erklärungen der Interaktion ermöglicht Digitalisierung zudem eine bessere Zusammenarbeit mehrerer externer Akteure auf technischen Plattformen als Voraussetzung für innovative Kundenlösungen und Geschäftsmodelle in neuartigen Netzwerken (Ecosystems).

Damit schafft die Digitalisierung dem Management Handlungsspielräume und ermöglicht Gewinnpotenziale.
Nutzung der Chancen der Digitalisierung durch digitale Fähigkeiten – Unsicherheit bei langfristigen Veränderungen bewältigen
Authors: Proff Harald , Ahrens Claudia , Neuroth Wencke , Proff Heike , Knobbe Florian , Szybisty Gregor , Sommer Stefan
Published: March 2021

Wir wollen in diesem Kapitel zeigen, dass der Umgang mit der Digitalisierung Veränderungsfähigkeiten (Dynamic Capabilities) erfordert.

Diese Fähigkeiten helfen dabei, durch Verbesserung und Veränderung von Prozessen, Angeboten und Geschäftsmodellen (Kap. 10.1007/978-3-658-31456-9_3) die Chancen der Digitalisierung (Kap. 10.1007/978-3-658-31456-9_2) zu nutzen, weil sie es ermöglichen, die hohe Unsicherheit und Komplexität durch die Digitalisierung als langfristige Veränderung zu bewältigen.

Veränderungsfähigkeiten erlauben

die Wahrnehmung und das Erkennen von Umfeldveränderungen,

das Ergreifen neuer strategischer Optionen und

die Neu-Zusammenstellung von operativen Fähigkeiten (Operational Capabilities).

Veränderungsfähigkeiten – wie auch operative Fähigkeiten – sind für Unternehmen entscheidend, um im digitalen Wandel nicht zu spät zu kommen.

Die Digitalisierung erfordert nicht nur eine Neuausrichtung der unternehmerischen Leistung (Kap. 10.1007/978-3-658-31456-9_3), sondern auch der digitalen Fähigkeiten und treibt auch darüber die Transformation von Unternehmen.
Die Chancen der Digitalisierung jetzt richtig nutzen – Ausblick
Authors: Proff Harald , Ahrens Claudia , Neuroth Wencke , Proff Heike , Knobbe Florian , Szybisty Gregor , Sommer Stefan
Published: March 2021

Kap. 7 fasst die Ergebnisse des Buches zusammen und zeigt die Bedeutung eines beidhändigen Managements in der digitalen Transformation.
Die Krise der darstellenden Künste und die Rolle der Kulturpolitik
Authors: Zimmer Annette , Mandel Birgit
Published: March 2021

Aus einer neoinstitutionellen Perspektive werden unterschiedliche Aspekte krisenhafter Entwicklungen in den darstellenden Künsten untersucht. Hierbei liegt der Fokus auf neuen Akteurskonstellationen und den sich daraus ergebenen Herausforderungen an kulturpolitische Prozesse, der Veränderungen der Leitungs- und Steuerungsstrukturen öffentlichgetragener Theater sowie der Infragestellung ihrer Legitimation. Die Beiträge eröffnen neue und komplexe Perspektiven auf veränderte Kontextbedingungen, Handlungsoptionen und Transformationsstrategien in den darstellenden Künsten.
Stadt- und Staatstheater in Bewegung? Zur Rolle von öffentlich subventionierten Theatern in der Stadtgesellschaft und den veränderten Erwartungen des Publikums
Authors: Burghardt Charlotte
Published: March 2021

Angesichts einer vielfältiger werdenden Gesellschaft und gleichzeitig stetig rückläufiger Besuchszahlen stellt sich die Frage, welche Bedeutung Theater in der Stadtgesellschaft haben. Wer ist der Motor für mögliche Veränderungen in den Häusern und welche Erwartungen und Wünsche richtet das Publikum an seine Theater? Anhand von qualitativen Interviews mit Mitarbeitenden aus denStädtischen Theatern Chemnitz,demTheater für Niedersachsenin Hildesheim und demMaxim Gorki Theaterin Berlin und unterstützt durch eine Spielzeitanalyse, beleuchtet dieser Beitrag die Binnenperspektive der Theater.
Berufliche Orientierung im Spannungsfeld ihrer Ziele, Herausforderungen und Umsetzung
Authors: Ohlemann Svenja
Published: March 2021

Das folgende Kapitel beleuchtet das Spannungsfeld beruflicher Orientierung, das sich aus den an sie gestellten Anforderungen, den sich daraus ergebenden Zielen, der Vielzahl der beteiligten Akteur*innen und ihren differierenden Perspektiven ergibt.
Introduction
Authors: Strunz Ulrich G.
Published: March 2021

According to the 2019 World Trade Report, service trades are likely to increase their share of global trade by 50 percent until 2040. Services will benefit most likely from increasing the automatization and digitalization of former face-to-face processes, and from an increasing demand of online services due to demographic change. The WTO states that global cooperation has to be increased such that all economies can collectively benefit from increasing service trade.
Theoretical Background
Authors: Strunz Ulrich G.
Published: March 2021

Imagine being born and raised on the Hawaiian island Kaua’i, close to the shield volcano Wai’ale’ale. On this island, yearly rainfall reaches 15 meters and more. You were stuck in this small region on this remote island your entire life, without any information ever having reached you to indicate that this extreme amount of rainfall was extra ordinary.
General Research Objectives
Authors: Strunz Ulrich G.
Published: March 2021

In order to formulate specific research objectives, this chapter condenses insights from the theoretical background, deriving key objectives that are to be analyzed empirically. Following the “Engaged Scholarship Diamond Model”, designed to close the theory-practice gap, the four domains “Theory Building”, “Problem Formulation”, “Problem Solving” and “Research Design” are to be fulfilled in any preferred order by the researcher. This thesis’ conclusion serves as “Problem Solving” and will bridge real world problems (“Reality”) and empirical results from empirical research (“Solution”).
Empirical Research Design
Authors: Strunz Ulrich G.
Published: March 2021

The experiment consisted of three parts: the login-stage, the experiment and an after-survey. The experiment starts with 6 single-player Tower of Hanoi games to enable learning and to induce routine, referred to as “individual decision-making expertise in routine-strategy”. The single-player rounds are followed by 6 three-player Tower of Hanoi games, where the first three multiplayer-games can be solved perfectly by the agents when sticking to the single player strategy.
Results
Authors: Strunz Ulrich G.
Published: March 2021

An attempt to conduct an experiment with 330 US-American MTurks failed due to server memory capacity with the Amazon AWS “t2.micro 1 GiB”. After upgrading the server to 32 GiB of working memory with the Amazon AWS “t2.2xlarge 32 GiB”, an experiment with 180 US-American MTurks was conducted, from which data of 87 participants was used.
Discussion
Authors: Strunz Ulrich G.
Published: March 2021

This chapter discusses the empirical results, adds additional results, and compares derived insights to other scientific conclusions from the domain of behavioral economics. The first subchapter sums up understandings of agent behavior by the results of the various hypotheses, and includes further results from statistical analyses.
Europa ohne Binnengrenzen: eine lange Initialphase
Authors: Oltmer Jochen
Published: March 2021

Die Debatten um ein „Europa ohne Grenzen“ nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg müssen vor dem Hintergrund einer langen Linie der Herausbildung von Annahmen über die Vorzüge und Nachteile eines Verzichts auf die Kontrolle von Migrationsbewegungen gesehen werden. Einen zentralen Anknüpfungspunkt bietet die Vorstellung des Liberalismus des 19. Jahrhunderts, eine freie Bewegung von Arbeitskräften und der Verzicht auf Pässe, Visa und Grenzkontrollen sei erforderlich, um den Marktkräften Geltung zu verschaffen und einen Wohlstandsgewinn für alle zu ermöglichen. Die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika verzichteten bereits seit 1802 darauf, Pässe bei einer Einreise zu verlangen und Kontrollen durchzuführen.
Der Abschluss des Schengener Abkommens und dessen Umsetzung
Authors: Oltmer Jochen
Published: March 2021

Anfang der 1970er Jahre bestand also zwischen den EWG-Staaten eine weitgehende Freizügigkeit für Arbeitskräfte und deren Familienangehörige, einen Visumzwang gab es nicht mehr, Grenzkontrollen allerdings schon. Mit den zahlreichen Anwerbeabkommen hatte sich die grenzüberschreitende Arbeitsmigration zwischen den Mittelmeeranrainerstaaten und den Industrieländern in West-, Mittel- und Nordeuropa erheblich verstärkt. Ihre Folgen firmieren weiterhin häufig unter dem in vielerlei Hinsicht unzutreffenden Begriff der „Gastarbeiter“-Migration. Die EWG-Staaten, sieht man von Italien ab, bildeten die wichtigsten Ziele der Arbeitsmigration im Rahmen der Anwerbeabkommen.
Die Osterweiterung des Schengen-Raums
Authors: Oltmer Jochen
Published: March 2021

Bei der Süd- und Norderweiterung des Schengen-Raums stand die grenzüberschreitende Bewegungsfreiheit insbesondere für Urlaubsreisende im Fokus. Kamen Debatten um Gefahren der Grenzöffnung auf, kreisten sie meist um die Herausforderungen polizeilicher Zusammenarbeit aufgrund der Sorge vor einer Beschränkung der Möglichkeiten der Strafverfolgung in einem Raum ohne Grenzkontrollen. Die Diskussion um eine Verschiebung der Schengen-Grenze nach Osten beherrschte demgegenüber die Frage nach dem Umgang mit einer für unerwünscht erklärten Ost-West-Migration.
Die EU-Asylpolitik als Folge der Etablierung einer gemeinsamen Außengrenze
Authors: Oltmer Jochen
Published: March 2021

Weil kontrollfreie Binnengrenzen Asylsuchenden zu ermöglichen schienen, sich relativ ungehindert im Schengen-Raum zu bewegen, waren schon Ende der 1980er Jahre Regelungen über den gemeinsamen Umgang mit Asylanträgen diskutiert worden. Beinahe zeitgleich mit dem Schengener Durchführungsübereinkommen, das bereits einige Asylbestimmungen enthält, wurde 1990 in Dublin das „Übereinkommen über die Bestimmung des zuständigen Staates für die Prüfung eines in einem Mitgliedstaat der Europäischen Gemeinschaften gestellten Asylantrages“ unterzeichnet. Es trat 1997 nach langwierigen Debatten über die Umsetzung in Kraft.
Introduction
Authors: Pyeon Cheol Ho
Published: March 2021

At the Kyoto University Critical Assembly (KUCA), the accelerator-driven system (ADS) is composed of a solid-moderated and solid-reflected core (A-core) and a pulsed-neutron generator (14 MeV neutrons) or the fixed-filed alternating gradient (FFAG) accelerator (100 MeV protons). At KUCA, two external neutron sources, including 14 MeV neutrons and 100 MeV protons, are separately injected into the A-core, and employed for carrying out the ADS experiments. With the combined use of the A-core and two external neutron sources, basic and feasibility studies of ADS have been engaged in the examination of neutronics of ADS, through the measurements of statics and kinetics parameters of reactor physics, including subcritical multiplication factor, subcriticality, prompt neutron decay constant, effective delayed neutron fraction, neutron spectrum, and reaction rates.
Neutronics of Lead and Bismuth
Authors: Pyeon Cheol Ho
Published: March 2021

Cross-section uncertainties of Pb and Bi isotopes could consequently affect the precision of nuclear design calculations of preliminary analyses, before the actual operation of upcoming ADS, since Pb and Bi are composed partly of coolant material (lead-bismuth eutectic: LBE) in ADS facilities. The main characteristics of LBE in ADS are recognized as follows: chemically inactive; high boiling point mechanically; excellent neutron economy caused by large scattering cross sections. From the viewpoint of neutronics, LBE exerts considerable impact on nuclear design parameters for numerical simulations of neutron interactions of Pb and Bi isotopes. As a suitable way of investigating cross-section uncertainties, sample reactivity worth measurements in critical states are considered effective with the use of reference and test materials in a zero-power state, such as a critical assembly, because integral parameter information on cross sections of test materials can be acquired experimentally. For the required experimental study on Pb and Bi nuclear data uncertainties, the sample reactivity worth experiments are carried out at the KUCA core by the substitution of reference (aluminum) for test (Pb or Bi) materials, and numerical simulations are performed with stochastic and deterministic calculation codes together with major nuclear data libraries.
Classifying pole-skipping points
Authors: Ahn Yong jun , Jahnke Viktor , Jeong Hyun-Sik , Lee Kyung-Sun , Nishida Mitsuhiro , Kim Keun-Young
Published: March 2021

Abstract

We clarify general mathematical and physical properties of pole-skipping points. For this purpose, we analyse scalar and vector fields in hyperbolic space. This setup is chosen because it is simple enough to allow us to obtain analytical expressions for the Green’s function and check everything explicitly, while it contains all the essential features of pole-skipping points. We classify pole-skipping points in three types (type-I, II, III). Type-I and Type-II are distinguished by the (limiting) behavior of the Green’s function near the pole-skipping points. Type-III can arise at non-integer iω values, which is due to a specific UV condition, contrary to the types I and II, which are related to a non-unique near horizon boundary condition. We also clarify the relation between the pole-skipping structure of the Green’s function and the near horizon analysis. We point out that there are subtle cases where the near horizon analysis alone may not be able to capture the existence and properties of the pole-skipping points.
A canonical purification for the entanglement wedge cross-section
Authors: Dutta Souvik , Faulkner Thomas
Published: March 2021

Abstract

In AdS/CFT we consider a class of bulk geometric quantities inside the entanglement wedge called reflected minimal surfaces. The areas of these surfaces are dual to the entanglement entropy associated to a canonical purification (the GNS state) that we dub the reflected entropy. From the bulk point of view, we show that half the area of the reflected minimal surface gives a reinterpretation of the notion of the entanglement wedge cross-section. We prove some general properties of the reflected entropy and introduce a novel replica trick in CFTs for studying it. The duality is established using a recently introduced approach to holographic modular flow. We also consider an explicit holographic construction of the canonical purification, introduced by Engelhardt and Wall; the reflected minimal surfaces are simply RT surfaces in this new spacetime. We contrast our results with the entanglement of purification conjecture, and finally comment on the continuum limit where we find a relation to the split property: the reflected entropy computes the von Neumann entropy of a canonical splitting type-I factor introduced by Doplicher and Longo.
Holographic models of composite Higgs in the Veneziano limit. Part I. Bosonic sector
Authors: Elander Daniel , Frigerio Michele , Knecht Marc , Kneur Jean-Loïc
Published: March 2021

Abstract

We study strongly-coupled, approximately scale-invariant gauge theories, which develop a mass gap in the infrared. We argue that a large number of fermion flavours is most suitable to provide an ultraviolet completion for the composite Higgs scenario. The holographic approach allows to describe the qualitative features of the non-perturbative dynamics in the Veneziano limit. We introduce new bottom-up holographic models, which incorporate the backreaction of flavour on the geometry, and show that this can correlate the mass gap to the scale of flavour-symmetry breaking. We compute the mass spectrum for the various composite bosonic states, and study its dependence on the scaling dimension of the symmetry-breaking operators, as well as on the number of flavours. The different regions with a light dilaton are critically surveyed. We carefully assess the domain of validity of the holographic approach, and compare it with lattice simulations and the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model.