bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KAMPUNG KELUARGA BERKUALITAS (KB) MEKAR WANGI DI KELURAHAN TANGKERANG BARAT
Authors: Rezi Alfa
Published: February 2023

The increase in population or uncontrolled quantity dynamics can affect people's lives in various significant aspects, one of which affects the quality of life for the function of national development, the sustainability of the advanced population or smart people and the economic conditions of the local community. This study aims to find out how the Implementation and Challenges of the Mekar Wangi Quality Family Village (KB) Program in Tangkerang Barat Village. The research method used is qualitative research using a case study approach. This research resulted in the finding that Mekar Wangsi KB Village has implemented several main programs, namely the existence of a waste bank, improving the economy through handicrafts, from health aspects such as health checks for the elderly and doing regular exercise. The obstacles in this research are the 2019 Coronavirus disease, community participation, cadre resources, and budget.
ANALISIS PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI KELURAHAN BELAKANG PADANG
Authors: Afriyanti Dewi Naluri
Published: February 2023

Abstrak Pelayanan yang baik mampu memberikan kepuasan kepada pelangganya. Pada dasarnya pelayanan publik dijalankan oleh pemerintah dalam memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat. Salah satunya adalah pelayanan publik di Kelurahan Belakang Padang. Pelayanan adalah tugas utama aparatur Negara sebagai pejabat Negara. Warga Negara memiliki hak untuk mendapatkan pelayanan publik dan memiliki hak untuk dilindungi. Metode yang digunakan pada analisis ini ialah metode deskriptif. Analisis ini menggunakan sumber data sekunder, data sekunder ini dari buku, artikel, jurnal dan sumber yang berkaitan lainnya. Hasil dari analisis ini adalah bahwa pelayanan di Kelurahan Belakang Padang cukup baik dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Petugasnya memiliki etika yang baik, ramah dan santun melayani masyarakat, serta informasi yang diberikan jelas sehingga mudah untuk dimengerti.Kata Kunci : Kelurahan, Pelayanan, masyarakat.
EFEKTIFITAS PELAYANAN WARGA DALAM PEMBERLAKUAN APLIKASI SAYANG WARGA DI KELURAHAN GUNDIH
Authors: Feblianto Diffa Adristi Efelian , Ismail Hasan
Published: February 2023

Pelayanan administarsi kependudukan yang akurat dibutuhkan guna mendukung pembangunan yang menyeluruh. Melalui penerapan pelayana e-govererment dapat memebrikan pelayanan public yang prima, cepat dan efisien. Pelaksanaan magang ini bertujuan untuk membantu mendampingin layanan administarsi kependudukan, metode pelaksanaan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Lokasi magang ini bertempat di Kantor Kelurahan Gundih Kecamatan Bubutan Kota Surabaya. Data primer yang didapatkan diperoleh dari observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, kegiatan berupa studi Pustaka, dokumentasi pada pelaksanaan magang, praktik dan aktivasi langsung. Pelaksanaan Magang cukup mempengaruhi masyarakat lebih sadar mengenai data kepedudukan. Untuk menuju pelayanan yang optimal pemerintak kota Surabaya harus memenuhi kebutuhan yang diperlukan seperti sarana prasarana, sdm yang mampu dalam bidanganya
EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN SMART CARD DALAM UJI KELAYAKAN KENDARAAN DINAS PERHUBUNGAN KOTA TANJUNGPINANG
Authors: Hardyansyah Adjie
Published: February 2023

Kualitas pembangunan disektor transportasi diarahkan pada system transportasi yang handal, tertib, lancar, nyaman, aman, dan efisien dalam menjalankan pengembangan wilayah dan peningkatan hubungan internasional, Tingkat efektivitas diukur dengan membandingkan dari sisi masukan (input) maupun keluaran (output). Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh pada tahun 2021 dari jumlah kendaraan yang wajib uji KIR sebanyak 4.519 kendaraan dan dari jumlah kendaraan hanya 448 kendaraan yang melakukan uji KIR. Transportasi yang menjadi konsentrasi dari Seksi Pengujian kendaraan bermotor terhadap pemeriksaan kendaraan bermotor. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui Efektivitas Penerapan Smart Card dalam Uji Kelayakan Kendaraan Dinas Perhubungan Kota Tanjungpinang merujuk pada indikator Pencapaian Tujuan, Integrasi, Adaptasi. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan sampel 11 informan yang merupakan pengguna kendaraan wajib KIR. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan indikator pencapaian tujuan Smart Card tersebut dikatakan tidak efektif dan waktu terhitung hingga sekarang belum dapat maksimal bahkan target retribusi turun karena tidak terpenuhi di tahun 2021 sebesar 350 jt menjadi 150 jt, kemudian integrasi yang dijalankan belum dapat melakukan sosialisasi dan razia gabungan sesuai dengan yang dilaksanakan kementrian perhubungan, hal tersebut juga berdampak pada banyaknya kendaraan yang tidak uji KIR, juga menganggap bahwa uji KIR tidak berlaku di Tanjungpinang, selanjutnya adaptasi dapat dikatakan sulit beradaptasi melihat program tersebut ada beberapa tahapan dan mengharuskan pengguna kendaraan memperbaiki kendaraannya di bengkel resmi yang memiliki alat pendukung dengan alat uji KIR. Kesimpulan penelitian dinilai belum efektif berdasarkan temuan penelitian mengenai jumlah kendaraan yang tidak melakukan KIR terhadap perubahan yang terjadi sehinggga peningkatan PAD menjadi aspek penting dalam keberhasilan pemberlakuan program Smart Card tersebut.
A Note on Extremal Sombor Indices of Trees with a Given Degree Sequence
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Serbia, Damjanović Ivan , Milošević Marko ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Serbia, Stevanović Dragan ,   Mathematical Institute of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: February 2023

We note here that the problem of determining extremal values of Sombor index for trees with a given degree sequence fits within the framework of results by Hua Wang from [Cent. Eur. J. Math. 12 (2014) 1656-1663], implying that the greedy tree has the minimum Sombor index, while an alternating greedy tree has the maximum Sombor index.
Получение пищевых дисперсий с использованием высокомолекулярного коллагена чешуи рыб
Authors: Воробьев Виктор Иванович , Чернега Ольга Павловна
Published: February 2023

Разработан способ пищевой дисперсии, где в качестве загустителя-стабилизатора используются коллагенсодержащая и минеральная добавки из чешуи рыб. Процесс их получения заключается в обработке рыбьей чешуи в смесителе с добавлением сухой поваренной соли, пищевой соды и дробленого льда и последующей промывке водой. Далее чешуя выдерживается в водном растворе в смеси пищевой соли, кожуры цитрусовых и пищевой соды, затем опять промывается водой, после чего высушивается воздухом, измельчается и сепари-руется. Таким образом изготовлены добавки: рыбная коллагенсодержащая, име-ющая волокнистую структуру, и минеральная (порошок), главная составляющая которой – гидроксиапатит кальция. Базой пищевых дисперсий являлось сырье животного (свиной и куриный фарш) и растительного (кабачковая икра, белая фасоль) происхождения. Основа пищевой дисперсии смешивалась с рыбной коллагеновой (0,5–10 %) и минеральной (0,3–1,0 %) добавками, гомогенизировалась (растительное сырье) в процессе термической обработки и охлаждалась либо выдерживалась в холодильной камере (животное сырье) в течение 90 мин, формировалась (тефтели), обрабатывалась в пароконвектомате при 180 0С в течение 20 мин и охлаждалась. Потери массы сырья при запекании тефтелей из фарша птицы (37,51 % – контроль) в зависимости от содержания коллагеновой добавки (0,5–10 % от общей массы сырья) снизились и составили 35,54–28,22 % соответственно, а тефтелей из фарша свинины (29,98 % – контроль) – 24,67–20,04 %. Аналогично, потери массы кабачковой икры (8 % – контроль) снизились до 2 %, а пасты-пюре из белой фасоли (13,3 % – контроль) – до 0,7 %.
Исследование возможности модернизации судовой электростанции судов иностранного производства в условиях импортозамещения
Authors: Вольский Антон Борисович , Новоселов Кирилл Андреевич
Published: February 2023

Объектом исследования является промежуточный преобразователь частоты и напряжения, требуемый для получения электроэнергии необходимых параметров, чтобы питать судовые потребители. Цель – усовершенствовать систему питания с берега путем установки современного полупроводникового преобразователя для адаптации параметров электросети.
В настоящее время существует проблема приведения к соответствию па-раметров судовой электрической сети судов иностранного производства стандар-там отечественной системы электроснабжения при питании с берега. На судне использована система преобразования двигатель-генератор, обладающая рядом существенных недостатков. Нами рассмотрена возможность ее замены с применением статического преобразователя частоты и напряжения, имеющего ряд преимуществ по сравнению с существующей схемой электроснабжения судна с берега.
В процессе работы изучался алгоритм питания потребителей как от судо-вых источников электроэнергии, так и от береговых сетей, проводился анализ схем преобразования частоты и напряжения исходного преобразователя и предла-гаемого взамен, рассматривались конструктивные исполнения преобразователей, выявлялись их достоинства и недостатки.
В результате исследования была подчеркнута важность соблюдения стан-дартов сети при питании судовых потребителей, предложен современный преоб-разователь параметров сети на базе статического преобразователя частоты и напряжения, разработана схема соединения преобразователя с электрораспреде-лительной системой судна, представлены экономические и экологические обос-нования проекта.
По итогам проведенного моделирования сделан вывод, что для преобразо-вания параметров электроэнергии, таких как напряжение и частота, чтобы питать потребителей, требующих других величин, а также в качестве промежуточного пункта в процессе электроснабжения судна с берега может применяться статиче-ский преобразователь частоты и напряжения.
Strategy Development of Macroeconomics on Performance Financial Banking
Authors:   Accounting Studies Program, College of business and managemen Dua Sudara, Bitung, Indonesia, Salindeho Alfred
Published: February 2023

Banking has a major contribution to the success of the country's economy, because of its role as part of the financial system which acts as an intermediary to facilitate economic activity. This research aims to analyze the influence of internal macroeconomic factors that can formulate strategies for developing banking financial performance, and how much influence these factors have on banking financial performance. The research design used is explanatory research. The object of research namely; Conventional banks and Islamic banks in Bitung City, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, were selected by purposive sampling. The research was carried out from August to October 2022. The data used in this study are secondary data obtained from; financial reports of selected banks. Inflation, Interest Rates, Composite Stock Price Index, Exchange Rates, and Gross Domestic Gross (GDP), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), and Return on Assets (ROA). Inflation, Exchange Rate, Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), and Return on Assets (ROA). The enormity of the influence of the variables of macroeconomic conditions on banking financial performance is76.9%, while the remaining 23.1% is the influence of other variables outside this research.
Ekojurnalistikada soxta ma’lumot tarqatish va uning yechimlari, ekologiya sohasida yurtimizda olib borilayotgan ishlar yuzasidan muаmmo va yechimlar
Authors: Jo’rayeva Xayriniso , Azzamov Yusufjon
Published: February 2023

Ishbu ilmiy maqolada jurnalistikaning alohida sohasi ekojurnalistika yo‘nalishi bo‘yicha yolg‘on ma’lumot tarqatish, uni saqlash, axborotlarni tekshirmasdan ommaga e’lon qilish, ekojurnalistika yo‘nalishi borasidagi qonunlar, yurtimizda atrof-muhitning tiklanishi uchun olib borilayotgan yechimlar, online ekologik jamiyatda tabiatning tiklanishi, turli xil saytlarda va ijtimoiy tarmoqlarda tarqatilayotgan ekologiyaning buzilishini va noqonuniy axborotlarning qonuniy yechim topishi ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, maqolani o‘qish davomida siz yolg‘on axborot tarqatish orqali turli xil jazolarga tortilishi, ekologiyaning buzilishida ekologik auditning qanchalik muhimligi, Internet tarmoqlarda berilayotgan soxta axborotning ham qonuniy jazosi borligi va yurtimizda juda ko‘plab ekologiyaga oid dasturlar amalga oshirilayotganligi haqida ma’lumoyga ega bo’lasiz.
Ўсмирлик даврида ахлоқий соҳа ривожланиши эмпирик тадқиқотлар предмети сифатида
Authors: Орибжонова Нодира
Published: February 2023

Мақолада ўсмирлик даврида ахлоқий соҳанинг ривожланишининг психологик хусусиятларига эътибор қаратилган. Шунингдек, шахсда ахлоқий соҳанинг шаклланиши ва ривожланишига доир олимларнинг тадқиқотлари, асосий механизмлари таҳлил қилинади. Хусусан, ўсмирлик даврида одоб-ахлоқнинг ривожланишини ўрганиш бўйича тадқиқотлар олиб борилиб, бу борада илмий-амалий ёндашув илгари сурилди.
Katta maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarda jismoniy madaniyat yordamida hissiy barqarorlikni oshirish
Authors: Qulboboyeva Mahbuba
Published: February 2023

Maqolada maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarning psixik rivojlanishi, ularnng maktabga tayyorgarlik jarayonlari, ta’lim faoliyatiga moslashishda uchraydigan qiyinchiliklari tahlil qilinadi.
Меҳрибонлик уйлари тарбияланувчиларида қадриятлар тизимини шакллантиришнинг ижтимоий-педагогик модели
Authors: Саидова Дилобар
Published: February 2023

Ушбу мақолада меҳрибонлик уйлари тарбияланувчиларининг қадриятлар ориентациясини шакллантиришнинг ижтимоий-педагогик модели ишлаб чиқилган. Меҳрибонлик уйлари тарбияланувчиларда қадриятлар тизимини шакллантиришда тизимли, аксиологик, маданий-инсонпарварлик, муҳитли, шахсга йўналтирилган ёндашувлар асос сифатида олинган.
Янги иқтисодий сиёсатнинг диний мактаблар фаолиятига таъсири (Фарғона водийси қишлоқлари мисолида)
Authors: Исакова Феруза
Published: February 2023

XX асрнинг 20-йиллари охирларига келиб, республикада эски  мактаб ва мадрасаларнинг тугатилишига кескин чоралар кўрилди. Уларнинг фаолияти қаттиқ қораланиб,“эскилик сарқитлари” сифатида баҳоланди. Ўзбекистонда совет ҳукуматининг тазйиқи билан эски усул мактабларини ислоҳ қилинишига йўл қўймаслик, ислоҳ қилинганларини эса янги совет мактабларини очиш орқали йўқотиш чоралари кўрилди.
Традиционный общинный уклад жизни женщин Ферганской долины в конце XIX – начале XX веков
Authors: Исакова Гулбахор , Хамраева Танзиля
Published: February 2023

В статье описана роль женщин в общественной жизни Ферганской долины в конце XIX начале ХХ веков. Обсуждение данного вопроса в Туркестане был одним из важных, но дискуссионных. Несмотря на различные мнения исследователей различных периодов, поднятие такового рода проблемы в обсуждаемый период является результатом прогресса среди населения городов, особенно кишлаков.
Қадимги шарқ диниий-фалсафий таълимотларининг тасаввуф таълимотига таъсири (зардуштийлик дини мисолида)
Authors: Хакимов Алишер
Published: February 2023

Ушбу мақолада инсоният тарихида вужудга келган динлар ва фалсафий таълимотлар ва таркибида “тасаввуф” деб аталмаган бўлса-да, тасаввуф ва ирфонга ўхшаган ғоялар ҳамда ақидалар мавжуд эканлиги очиб берилган. Зеро, ирфоний оҳанглар ҳар бир дину таълимотнинг фалсафий қарашлари эканлиги исботланиб, тасаввуфдан турли дин таълимотлари таъсирини излашга не ҳожат, деган жавоб берилган. Муқаддас китоблар – Таврот, Забур, Инжил ва Қуръони Карим ўртасида умумийлик мавжудлиги назарда тутилган. Лекин динлар таркибидаги турли мазҳабу маслаклар ва фалсафий оқимларни инсонлар яратганлиги, инсон томонидан яратилган нарсада тақлид, такрор ва тажриба бўлади. Демак, турли замон ва маконларда турли диний таълимотлар таркибида пайдо бўлган фалсафий-ирфоний мактаблар ўртасидаги умумийлик ва ўхшашлик ғайритабиий ёки тасодифий ҳодиса эмас, деган хулосага келинган. Барча фалсафий-ирфоний таълимотлар бир-бирига манба бўлиши, таъсир кўрсатиши ё бир-бирини бойитиши мумкинлиги изоҳлаб берилган.
The Shrine of Baba Hassan Din, Lahore
Authors: Mumtaz Kamil Khan , Ahmed Hussain
Published: February 2023

In an age when the practice of traditional and sacred arts has fallen almost entirely out of fashion, we should ask what relevance these forms of expression have now when so much of art is driven by the notion of modernity. Relevance being a concept centered around what is normal, this article looks at an example of traditional Islamic architecture built in our contemporary age, seeking to re-establish what was once considered normal. The example cited is the shrine of Baba Hassan Din, designed by the architect Kamil Khan Mumtaz and built by the engineers Rizwan Qadeer and Shahid Niaz.
Differences in dietary intake between Turkish vegans and omnivores: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sarikaya Buse , Yiğit Aslı , Aktaç Şule , Güneş Fatma Esra
Published: February 2023

Background: Veganism is gaining more interest in Turkey, however, there is limited data on the nutritional intake of Turkish vegans. Aims: This cross-sectional online study aimed to evaluate the nutritional intake of Turkish vegans and compare their macro and micronutrient intake with Turkish omnivores. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional online study was conducted in İstanbul from October 2019, until December 2019. 108 Turkish adult vegans and 108 omnivores completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and a 3-day dietary recall online. The energy, macro-, and micronutrient intake were evaluated from the dietary recall via the dietary analysis program BEBIS 8.1, using the Turkish Food composition database. The dietary intake was compared to the Turkey Dietary Guideline. The Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI – 2015) was calculated as a diet quality indicator. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 22.0. Results: Mean protein intake was 66.16 ± 21.69 g in vegan women and 74.87 ± 21.90 g was in omnivorous women (p < 0.05), and 75.53 ± 29.09 g in vegan men and 88.89 ± 28.48 g in omnivorous men (p > 0.05). Both male and female vegans had significantly higher dietary intakes of thiamine, vitamin C, iron, magnesium, potassium, and copper; with significantly lower intakes of riboflavin, vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium, iodine, phosphorus, zinc compared to omnivores of both sexes. Vitamin B12, riboflavin and calcium intakes were below the recommendations in vegans as compared to omnivores for both sexes (p < 0.001). Vegan participants showed a significantly higher intake of total fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and legumes compared to omnivorous participants (p < 0.001). HEI – 2015 scores were 58.18 ± 13.20 in vegans and 68.74 ± 7.72 in omnivores (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Turkish vegans, in our study, had a well-balanced and healthy macronutrient intake with lower saturated fatty acids (SFA) and higher fiber intake. However, vegans showed a lower intake of micronutrients such as vitamin B12 and calcium. This indicates a need for greater care toward ensuring recommended daily intake of these specific micronutrients. Further research is required to evaluate dietary intake and nutritional biomarkers in Turkish vegans for the long-term effects of vegan diets.
Keywords: dietary assessment, dietary intake, macronutrients, micronutrients, vegan diet.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING MEDIA POP UP BOOK MATERI KERAJAAN HINDU-BUDDHA DI INDONESIA KELAS X MM 1 SMK NEGERI 1 CILEUNGSI
Authors: AMNAWATI BUTET
Published: February 2023

The aim of Best Practice is to improve student learning outcomes by using a Project Based Learning learning model using Pop Up Book media for class X MM 1 SMK Negeri 1 Cileungsi. The method used in Best Practice in learning Indonesian History in class X MM 1 SMK Negeri 1 Cileungsi uses the Project Based Learning model in this case students create projects for making Pop Up Books. From the results of implementing Best Practices, it can be concluded that there is an increase in learning outcomes for students in class X MM 1 at SMK Negeri 1 Cileungsi. This can be seen from the learning achievement of the students before using the Project Based Learning learning model on Pop Up Book media on Hindu-Buddhist Kingdoms in Indonesia, only 10 students were declared complete with a completeness percentage of 28.57%, while the average cognitive assessment results namely 50. While the results of the assessment obtained by students after using the Project Based Learning learning model on Pop Up Book media on Hindu-Buddhist Kingdom material in Indonesia or on the same material, out of 35 students 27 students got increased learning outcomes or complete while 8 students have not completed, with the percentage of completeness reaching 77.14% and the average result of the assessment rises to 74.6. Based on this explanation, it can be concluded that there is a very significant increase in the assessment of student learning outcomes.
ABSTRAKTujuan Best Practice untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Project Based Learning menggunakan media Pop Up Book kelas X MM 1 SMK Negeri 1 Cileungsi. Metode yang digunakan dalam praktek Best Practice pada pembelajaran Sejarah Indonesia di kelas X MM 1 SMK Negeri 1 Cileungsi dengan menggunakan model Project Based Learning dalam hal ini peserta didik membuat proyek pembuatan Pop Up Book. Dari hasil pelaksanaan Best Practice didapatkan kesimpulan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas X MM 1 SMK Negeri 1 Cileungsi. Hal ini terlihat dari prestasi hasil belajar peserta didik sebelum menggunakan model pembelajaran Project Based Learning media Pop Up Book materi Kerajaan Hindu-Buddha di Indonesia, hanya 10 peserta didik yang dinyatakan tuntas dengan prosentase ketuntasan 28,57%, sedangkan rata-rata hasil penilaian kognitif yakni 50. Sementara hasil penilaian yang diperoleh peserta didik setelah menggunakan model pembelajaran Project Based Learning media Pop Up Book materi Kerajaan Hindu-Buddha di Indonesia atau pada materi yang sama, dari 35 peserta didik sebanyak 27 peserta didik mendapatkan peningkatan hasil belajar atau tuntas sedangkan 8 peserta didik belum tuntas, dengan presentase ketuntasan mencapai 77,14% dan rata-rata hasil dari penilaian naik menjadi 74,6. Berdasarakan penjelasan tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya peningkatan dalam penilaian hasil belajar peserta didik yang sangat signifikan.
The EarthCARE Mission – Science and System Overview
Authors: Wehr Tobias , Kubota Takuji , Tzeremes Georgios , Wallace Kotska , Nakatsuka Hirotaka , Ohno Yuichi , Koopman Rob , Rusli Stephanie , Kikuchi Maki , Eisinger Michael , Tanaka Toshiyuki , Taga Masatoshi , Deghaye Patrick , Tomita Eichi , Bernaerts Dirk
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The Earth Cloud Aerosol and Radiation Explorer (EarthCARE) is a satellite mission implemented by the European Space Agency (ESA) in cooperation with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to measure global profiles of aerosols, clouds and precipitation properties together with radiative fluxes and derived heating rates. The data will be used in particular to evaluate the representation of clouds, aerosols, precipitation and associated radiative fluxes in weather forecasting and climate models. The satellite scientific payload consists of four instruments, a lidar, a radar, an imager and a broad-band radiometer. The measurements of these instruments are processed in the ground segment, which produces and distributes the science data products. The EarthCARE observational requirements are addressed. An overview is given of the space segment with a detailed description of the four science instruments. Furthermore, the elements of the Space Segment and Ground Segment that are relevant for the science data users are described.
Increase of bacterial community induced-tolerance to Cr in response to soil properties and Cr level in soil
Authors: Campillo-Cora Claudia , Arenas-Lago Daniel , Arias-Estévez Manuel , Fernández-Calviño David
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Chromium (Cr) pollution in soils is a global concern that should be assessed. Pollution Induced Community Tolerance (PICT) methodology is a highly sensitive tool that can directly indicate metal toxicity in the microbial community. Ten soils with a wide range of properties were spiked with 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg Cr·kg-1, in addition to the control. Bacterial growth (using [3H]-leucine incorporation technique) was used to determine PICT, that is, whether bacterial communities developed tolerance in response to Cr additions to different soil types. Some bacterial communities did not grow normally at 1000 or 2000 mg Cr·kg-1, probably due to high Cr toxicity, while others did. Regarding below 500 mg Cr·kg-1, bacterial communities showed two responses depending on soil type: 7 of the 10 studied soils showed increased tolerance to Cr, while for the remaining 3 soils did not develop tolerance to Cr. Furthermore, the Cr level from which bacterial communities developed tolerance was dependent on the soil, i.e. Cr was more toxic in some of studied soils. The Cr effect on microbial communities was mainly determined by Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and the fraction of Cr extracted with distilled water (H2O-Cr) (R2 = 95.6 %). Their effect on Cr in the soil might lead to an increase in toxicity (selection phase of PICT).
Daytime Isoprene Nitrates Under Changing NOx and O3
Authors: Mayhew Alfred W. , Edwards Peter M. , Hamilton Jacqueline F.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Organonitrates are important species in the atmosphere due to their impacts on NOx, HOx, and O3 budgets, and their potential to contribute to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass. This work presents a steady-state modelling approach to assess the impacts of changes in NOx and O3 concentrations on the organonitrates produced from isoprene oxidation. The diverse formation pathways to isoprene organonitrates dictate the responses of different groups of organonitrates to changes in O3 and NOx. For example, organonitrates predominantly formed from the OH-initiated oxidation of isoprene favour formation under lower ozone and moderate NOx concentrations, whereas organonitrates formed via day-time NO3 oxidation show the highest formation under high O3 concentrations with little dependence on NOx concentrations. Investigating the response of total organonitrates reveals complex and non-linear behaviour with implications that could inform expectations of changes to organonitrate concentrations as efforts are made to reduce NOx and O3 concentrations, including a region of NOx-O3 space where total organonitrate concentration is relatively insensitive to changes in NOx and O3. These conclusions are further contextualised by estimating the volatility of the isoprene organonitrates revealing the potential for high concentrations of low volatility species under high ozone conditions.
Short and long-term stratospheric impact of smoke from the 2019/2020 Australian wildfires
Authors: Friberg Johan , Martinsson Bengt G. , Sporre Moa K.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. In the end of December 2019 and beginning of 2020, massive firestorms in Australia formed pyrocumulonimbus clouds (PyroCb) that acted like enormous smokestacks, pumping smoke to the upper troposphere and stratosphere. We study the smoke with data from four satellite-based sensors: the aerosol observation platforms CALIOP, OMPS-LP, and OMPS-NM, and water vapor retrievals from MLS. Smoke was lifted to the upper troposphere and stratosphere during two events and spread almost exclusively within the extratropics. Smoke from the 1st event, starting Dec 29, was injected directly into the stratosphere by pyrocumulonimbus clouds causing a rapid initial increase in AOD. CALIOP identifies a rapid decline in this stratospheric smoke (half-life: 10 days), not captured in previous studies of the Australian fires, indicating photochemical processing of organic aerosol. This decay rate is in line with model predictions of mid-tropospheric organic aerosol loss by photolytic removal and is similar to our estimates of decay rates after the North American fires in Aug 2017. Smoke from the 2nd event, Jan 4, appeared in the stratosphere after more than one week of transport in the troposphere, forming a second peak in the aerosol load. The AOD from the 2nd event fires decreased more slowly than the AOD from the 1st event, likely due to chemical processing of this smoke in the humid troposphere during its slower transport to the stratosphere. Together these injections gave a major elevation of the aerosol load during almost one year.
Maps with 1 km resolution reveal increases in above- and belowground forest biomass carbon pools in China over the past 20 years
Authors: Chen Yongzhe , Feng Xiaoming , Fu Bojie , Ma Haozhi , Zohner Constantin M. , Crowther Thomas W. , Huang Yuanyuan , Wu Xutong , Wei Fangli
Published: February 2023

Abstract. To quantify the ecological consequences of recent nationwide restoration
efforts in China, spatially explicit information on forest biomass carbon
stock changes over the past 20 years is critical. However, long-term biomass tracking at the national scale remains challenging as it requires continuous and high-resolution monitoring. Here, we characterize the changes in the above- and belowground biomass carbon (AGBC and BGBC) of forests in China between 2002 and 2021 at 1 km spatial resolution by integrating multiple types of remote sensing observations with intensive field measurements through regression and machine learning approaches. On average, 8.6 ± 0.6 and 2.2 ± 0.1 PgC were stored in above- and belowground live forests in China. Over the last 20 years, the total forest biomass carbon pool in China has increased at a rate of 114.5 ± 16.3 TgC yr−1 (approximately 1.1 % yr−1). The most pronounced forest biomass carbon stock gains occurred in central to southern China, including the southern Loess Plateau, Qinling mountains, southwestern karsts and southeastern forests. While the combined use of multi-source remote sensing data provides a powerful tool to assess the forest biomass carbon changes, future research is also needed to explore the drivers of the observed woody biomass trends and to evaluate the degree to which biomass gains will translate into biodiverse, healthy ecosystems that are sustainable. Annual forest above- and belowground biomass maps for China are now available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21931161.v1 (Chen, 2023).
TSECfire v1.0: Quantifying Wildfire Drivers and Predictability in Boreal Peatlands Using a Two-Step Error-Correcting Machine Learning Framework
Authors: Tang Rongyun , Jin Mingzhou , Mao Jiafu , Ricciuto Daniel M. , Chen Anping , Zhang Yulong
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Wildfires are becoming an increasing challenge to the sustainability of boreal peatland (BP) ecosystems and can alter the stability of boreal carbon storage. However, a quantitative understanding of natural and anthropogenic influences on the changes in BP fires remains elusive. Here, we quantified the predictability of BP fires and their primary controlling factors from 1997 to 2016 using a two-step correcting machine learning (ML) framework that combines multiple ML classifiers, regression models, and an error-correcting technique. We found that (1) the adopted oversampling algorithm effectively addressed the unbalanced data and improved the recall rate by 26.88 %–48.62 % when using multiple datasets, and the error correcting technique tackled the overestimation of fire sizes during fire seasons, (2) non-parametric models outperformed parametric models in predicting fire occurrences, and the machine learning model of Random Forest performed the best with the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve ranging from 0.83 to 0.93 across multiple fire data sets, and (3) four sets of factor-control simulations consistently indicated the dominant role of temperature, air dryness, and climate extreme (i.e., frost) for boreal peatland fires, overriding the effects of precipitation, wind speed, and human activities. Our findings demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of ML techniques in BP fire prediction and disentangle the primary factors determining BP fires, which are critical for predicting future fire risks under climate change.
A generalised ecohydrological landscape classification for assessing ecosystem risk in Australia due to an altering water regime
Authors: Herr Alexander , Merrin Linda E. , Mitchell Patrick J. , O'Grady Anthony P. , Holland Kate L. , Mount Richard E. , Post David A. , Pavey Chris R. , Sparrow Ashley D.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Describing and classifying a landscape for environmental impact and risk assessment purposes is a non-trivial challenge, as standard landscape classifications that cater for region specific impacts do not exist. Assessing impacts on ecosystems from extraction of water resources across large regions requires linking of landscape features to their water requirements. We present the rationale and implementation of an ecohydrological classification for regions where coal mine and coal seam gas developments may impact on water. Our classification provides the essential framework for modelling the potential impact of hydrological changes from future coal resource developments at the landscape level. We develop an attribute-based system that provides representations of the ecohydrological entities and their connection to landscape features and make use of existing broad-level, classification schemes into an attribute-based system. We incorporate a rule-set with prioritisation, which underpin risk modelling and make the scheme resource efficient, where spatial landscape or ecosystem classification schemes, developed for other purposes, already exist. A consistent rule-set and conceptualised landscape processes and functions allow combining diverse data with existing classification schemes. This makes the classification transparent, repeatable, and adjustable, should new data become available. We apply the approach in three geographically different regions, with widely disparate information sources for the classification and provide a detailed example of its application. We propose that it is widely applicable around the world for linking ecohydrology to environmental impacts.
A pioneering time of discoveries in large-scale tropical meteorology: 1960 through 1972
Authors: Madden Roland A.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The Australian Bureau of Meteorology (http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/mjo, last access: 9 February 2023) states that “The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a major fluctuation in
tropical weather on weekly to monthly timescale. The MJO can be
characterized as an eastward moving `pulse' of cloud and rainfall near the
Equator that typically recurs every 30 to 60 days.” Early descriptions of
the MJO were contained in two papers by Madden and Julian (1971, 1972). This paper relates the story of developments in tropical meteorology in the 1960s that led to those two papers. The decade saw the first unambiguous
identification of large-scale, theoretically predicted, tropical waves. Spectral analysis was used effectively by researchers to link observations
with the theoretically expected features of these waves. At the same time,
longer time series of observations, faster computers, and an algorithm
designed to speed up Fourier transforms, vital for spectral analysis, all
became available. These developments set the stage for the oscillation to be recognized.
Quality assessment of meta-analyses on soil organic carbon
Authors: Fohrafellner Julia , Zechmeister-Boltenstern Sophie , Murugan Rajasekaran , Valkama Elena
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a vital role in the
global carbon cycle and is a potential sink for carbon dioxide. Agricultural
management practices can support carbon sequestration and, therefore, offer
potential removal strategies whilst also improving overall soil quality.
Meta-analysis allows one to summarize results from primary articles by
calculating an overall effect size and to reveal the source of variation
across studies. The number of meta-analyses published in the field of
agriculture is continuously rising. At the same time, more and more articles
refer to their synthesis work as a meta-analysis, despite applying less than
rigorous methodologies. As a result, poor-quality meta-analyses are
published and may lead to questionable conclusions and recommendations to
scientists, policymakers, and farmers. This study aims at quantitatively analyzing 31 meta-analyses, published
between the years of 2005 and 2020, studying the effects of different management
practices on SOC. We compiled a set of quality criteria suitable for soil and
agricultural sciences by adapting existing meta-analytical guidelines from
other disciplines. The set is supported by a scoring scheme that allows for a
quantitative analysis. The retrieved meta-analyses were structured according
to 11 management categories, such as tillage, cover crops, crop residue
management, and biochar application, which allowed us to assess the
state of knowledge on these categories. Major deficiencies were found in the
use of standard metrics for effect size calculation, independence of effect
sizes, standard deviation extraction for each study, and study weighting by
the inverse of variance. Only 1 out of 31 SOC meta-analyses, which studied
the effects of no tillage/reduced tillage compared with conventional tillage, was
found to be of high quality. Therefore, improved meta-analyses on the
effects of organic agriculture, biochar, fertilization, or crop
diversification on SOC are urgently needed. We conclude that, despite efforts over the last 15 years, the quality of
meta-analyses on SOC research is still low. Thus, in order for the scientific
community to provide high-quality synthesis work and to make advancements in
the sustainable management of agricultural soils, we need to adapt rigorous
methodologies of meta-analysis as quickly as possible.
Brief communication: Tritium concentration and age of firn accumulation in an ice cave of Mount Olympus (Greece)
Authors: Lazaridis Georgios , Stamoulis Konstantinos , Dora Despoina , Kalogeropoulos Iraklis , Trimmis Konstantinos P.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Firn from an ice cave in the highest mountain of Greece, Mount
Olympus, was sampled and analyzed to determine the tritium content in order
to estimate rates of accumulation and to date the ice plug. The presence of a sharp raise of tritium content indicating the nuclear testing era was expected to be preserved into ice beds. Tritium concentrations were found to vary from 0.9 to 11 TU. This peak did not appear in the analyzed samples, providing an upper age limit of less than 50 years for the oldest sampled layer. It is suggested that the rate of melting is responsible for the absence of older firn layers.
A conceptual model for glacial lake bathymetric distribution
Authors: Zhang Taigang , Wang Weicai , An Baosheng
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The formation and expansion of glacial lakes worldwide due to global warming and glacier retreat have been well documented in the past few decades. Thousands of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) originating from moraine-dammed and ice-dammed lakes were reported, causing devastating impacts on downstream lives and properties. Detailed glacial lake bathymetry surveys are essential for accurate GLOF simulation and risk assessment. However, these bathymetry surveys are still scarce as glacial lakes located in remote and high-altitude environments hamper a comprehensive investigation. We developed a conceptual model for glacial lake bathymetric distribution using a semi-automatic simulation procedure. The basic idea is that the statistical glacial lake volume-area curves conform to a power-law relationship indicating that the idealized geometric shape of the glacial lake basin should be hemispheres or cones. First, by reviewing the evolution of various types of glacial lakes, we identified 10 standard conceptual models to describe the shape of lake basins. Second, we defined a general conceptual model to depict the continuum transitions between different standard conceptual models for those specific glacial lakes that lie between two standard conceptual models. Third, we nested the conceptual model into the actual glacial lake basin to construct the water depth contours and interpolate the glacial lake bathymetric distribution. We applied the conceptual model to simulate three typical glacial lakes in the Tibetan Plateau with in-situ bathymetric surveys to verify the algorithm's applicability. The results show a high consistency in the point-to-point comparisons of the measured and simulated water depths with a total volume difference of approximately ±10 %. The conceptual model has significant implications for understanding glacial lake evolution and modeling GLOFs in the future.
Drivers and rarity of the strong 1940s westerly wind event over the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica
Authors: O'Connor Gemma K. , Holland Paul R. , Steig Eric J. , Dutrieux Pierre , Hakim Gregory J.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Glaciers in the Amundsen Sea Embayment of West Antarctica are rapidly retreating and contributing to sea level rise. Ice loss is occurring primarily via exposure to warm ocean water, which varies in response to local wind variability. There is evidence that retreat was initiated in the mid-20th century, but the perturbation that may have triggered retreat remains unknown. A leading hypothesis is that large pressure and wind anomalies in the 1940s drove exceptionally strong oceanic ice-shelf melting. However, the characteristics, drivers, and rarity of the atmospheric event remain poorly constrained. We investigate the 1940s atmospheric event using paleoclimate reconstructions and climate model simulations. The reconstructions show that large westerly wind anomalies occurred from ~1938–1942, a combined response to the very large El Niño event from 1940–1942 and other variability beginning years earlier. Climate model simulations provide evidence that events of similar magnitude and duration are unusual but may have occurred tens to hundreds of times throughout the Holocene. Our results suggest that the 1940s westerly event is unlikely to have been exceptional enough to be the sole explanation for the initiation of Amundsen Sea glacier retreat. Naturally arising variability in ocean conditions prior to the 1940s, or anthropogenically driven trends since the 1940s, may be needed to explain the onset of retreat in West Antarctica.
Cloud- and ice-albedo feedbacks drive greater Greenland ice sheet sensitivity to warming in CMIP6 than in CMIP5
Authors: Mostue Idunn Aamnes , Hofer Stefan , Storelvmo Trude , Fettweis Xavier
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) has been losing mass since the 1990s as a direct consequence of rising temperatures and has been projected to continue to lose mass at an accelerating pace throughout the 21st century, making it one of the largest contributors to future sea-level rise. The latest Climate Model Intercomparison Project 6th phase (CMIP6) models produce a greater Arctic amplification signal and therefore also a notably larger mass loss from the GrIS when compared to the older CMIP5 projections, despite similar forcing levels from greenhouse gas emissions. However, it is also argued that the strength of regional factors such as melt-albedo feedbacks and cloud-related feedbacks will partly impact future melt and sea-level rise contribution, but little is yet known about the role of these regional factors in differences in GrIS surface melt projections between CMIP6 to CMIP5. In this study, we use high-resolution (15 km) regional climate model simulations over the GrIS performed using the Modéle Atmosphériqe Régional (MAR) to physically downscale six CMIP5 RCP8.5 and five CMIP6 SSP5-8.5 extreme high-emission scenario simulations. Here, we show a greater annual mass loss from the GrIS at the end of the 21st century, but also for a given temperature increase over the GrIS, when comparing CMIP6 to CMIP5. We find a greater sensitivity of Greenland surface mass loss in CMIP6 centred around summer and autumn, yet the difference in mass loss is largest during autumn with a reduction of 14.1 ± 4.8 mmWE for a regional warming of +6.7 °C, 12.5 mmWE more mass loss than in CMIP5 RCP8.5 simulations for the same warming. Assessment of the surface energy budget and cloud-related feedbacks suggests a reduction in high clouds during summer and autumn – in addition to enhanced cloud optical depth during autumn – to be the main drivers of the additional energy reaching the surface, subsequently leading to enhanced surface melt and mass loss in CMIP6 compared to CMIP5. Our analysis highlights that Greenland is losing more mass in CMIP6 due to two factors; 1) a (known) greater sensitivity to greenhouse gas emissions and therefore warmer temperatures, 2) previously undocumented cloud-related surface energy budget changes that enhance the GrIS sensitivity to warming.
Ice plate deformation and cracking revealed by an in-situ distributed acoustic sensing array
Authors: Xie Jun , Zeng Xiangfang , Liang Chao , Ni Sidao , Chu Risheng , Bao Feng , Lin Rongbing , Chi Benxin , Lv Hao
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The study of seismic sources and wave propagation in ice plate is helpful to understand the structure, migration, fracture mechanics, mass balance and other processes. However, due to extreme environment, in-situ dense seismic observations are rare and the dynamic changes of the ice plate remain poorly understood. We conduct a seismic experiment with distributed acoustic sensing array on a frozen lake. We excite water vibrations by under-water airgun shots. With an artificial intelligence method, we detected seismic signals including high frequency icequakes and low frequency events. Icequakes cluster along the fractures and correlate with the local temperature variation. The flexural-gravity wave reveals the property of the ice plate. Our study demonstrates the utility of DAS array as an in-situ dense seismic network in illuminating the internal failure process and dynamic deformation of ice plate such as ice shelf, which contributes to understanding and prediction of disintegrations of ice shelves.