bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A faixa de dobramentos do Rio Salgado, norte-noroeste da Zona Transversal-Província Borborema (PB-CE)
Authors: Neves Benjamim Bley de Brito , Campos Neto Mario da Costa
Published: October 2016

O sistema de Dobramentos Piancó-Alto Brígida (SPAB) foi definido como um branching system of orogens neoproterozoico na parte centro-ocidental da Zona Transversal-Província Borborema. A discriminação de Faixa de Dobramentos do Rio Salgado (FDRS) está sendo proposta para o ramo mais setentrional deste sistema. Esta faixa (FDRS) está cortada ao norte pelo Lineamento Patos (aqui considerado como um boundary transform continental) e margeada por uma série de basement inliers paleoproterozoicos ao sul (Riacho São Pedro, Icaiçara, S. José do Caiano, Coremas etc.), estando em parte encoberta por sedimentos fanerozoicos do Araripe. Os ramos mais ao sul e sudeste do SPAB estão cortados por dezenas de stocks e batólitos intrusivos (tipo “I”) de um arco magmático continental que se estende da costa paraibana ao sertão do Piauí (ca. 800 km). A FDRS está situada entre este arco magmático e o Lineamento de Patos e é constituída principalmente por sequências siliciclásticas finas de grande ritmicidade, com intercalações locais de sheets de vulcânicas félsicas, intermediárias e básicas. O metamorfismo regional corresponde à fácies xisto verde baixo (sericita-clorita-biotita). Foram realizadas três seções litoestratigráficas e estruturais completas, transversais à FDRS, sendo identificadas preliminarmente cinco distintas unidades paraestratigráficas. Estudos geocronológicos (U-Pb) preliminares indicam uma sedimentação pós-650 Ma. Três fases de deformação foram identificadas e serão discutidas. As características geológicas gerais, a posição tectônica e a natureza do embasamento da FDRS apontam para o desenvolvimento orogênico de uma bacia de antearco no Neocriogeniano.
Compartimentação fisiográfica aplicada ao mapeamento em detalhamento progressivo do núcleo urbano central de Ilhabela-SP
Authors: Diniz Tales de Deus , Zaine José Eduardo , Rodrigues Flávio Henrique
Published: October 2016

O processo de urbanização no Brasil ocorre, predominantemente, de maneira desordenada, sem a correta consideração das potencialidades e limitações do meio físico, o que se traduz numa forma de ocupação que pode expor a população e o equipamento urbano a processos de superfície, tais como inundações e movimentos de massa. Isso é observado no município de Ilhabela - SP, onde a alta taxa de crescimento populacional, somada ao relevo acidentado, intensifica esse problema, evidenciando a necessidade de uma orientação adequada da expansão urbana. Dentro deste contexto, o mapeamento baseado na compartimentação fisiográfica pode fornecer instrumentos apropriados para o planejamento da ocupação ordenada do meio físico. Assim, o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi a elaboração de mapas da região mais densamente urbanizada de Ilhabela, utilizando a compartimentação fisiográfica baseada na análise integrada de imagens aéreas da área de estudo. A fotoanálise e fotointerpretação das mesmas, somadas às informações obtidas em campo, subsidiaram a divisão e classificação da área de estudo em unidades que apresentam uniformidade em relação à morfologia e propriedades geotécnicas. Esse procedimento resultou na identificação de unidades mapeadas em três escalas (1:50.000, 1:20.000 e 1:10.000), com diferentes níveis de detalhes, acompanhada da descrição de suas principais características físicas e principais processos exógenos atuantes. As cartas obtidas permitiram uma compreensão detalhada acerca das características do meio físico da Ilha de São Sebastião, bem como dos principais fatores condicionantes da ocupação antrópica na mesma, mostrando-se ferramentas eficazes e adequadas ao planejamento territorial urbano do município-arquipélago.
Circulating Ceramides Predict Cardiovascular Outcomes in the Population-Based FINRISK 2002 Cohort
Authors: Havulinna Aki S. , Sysi-Aho Marko , Hilvo Mika , Kauhanen Dimple , Hurme Reini , Ekroos Kim , Salomaa Veikko , Laaksonen Reijo
Published: October 2016

Objective—

Ceramides are molecular lipids implicated in apoptosis, inflammation, obesity, and insulin resistance. An earlier study reported that ceramides were associated with fatal outcome among patients with coronary heart disease. Here, we examined whether ceramides are associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among apparently healthy individuals.

Approach and Results—

FINRISK 2002 is a population-based risk factor survey, which recruited men and women aged 25 to 74 years. The cohort was followed up until the end of 2014. We quantified 4 circulating ceramides, Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), Cer(d18:1/24:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:1), in 8101 serum samples by a targeted liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay. Primary outcome of interest was incident MACE (n=813). Secondary analyses were performed for MACE death (n=116) without previous nonfatal MACE and for recurrent MACE (n=226) among survivors of a previous incident MACE. We used Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for the Framingham covariates to determine the association of ceramides with the outcomes. Of the ceramide species, Cer(d18:1/18:0) had the strongest association with incident MACE and the highest unadjusted hazard ratio of 1.31 (95% confidence interval, 1.21–1.41), which remained significant at 1.21 (95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.33) after Framingham risk factor adjustments. The hazard ratios were generally stronger for recurrent and fatal events than for first events. Clinical net reclassification improvement was 7.5% (
P
=6.9×10
−
5
) for Cer(d18:1/18:0).

Conclusions—

Distinct serum ceramides are associated with the risk of incident MACE in apparently healthy individuals. These results should encourage more detailed analyses of ceramides in cardiovascular pathobiology and suggest new biomarkers of MACE risk.
Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Sedentary, Obese Humans Is Mediated by NADPH Oxidase
Authors: La Favor Justin D. , Dubis Gabriel S. , Yan Huimin , White Joseph D. , Nelson Margaret A.M. , Anderson Ethan J. , Hickner Robert C.
Published: October 2016

Objective—

The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of in vivo reactive oxygen species (ROS) on microvascular endothelial function in obese human subjects and the efficacy of an aerobic exercise intervention on alleviating obesity-associated dysfunctionality.

Approach and Results—

Young, sedentary men and women were divided into lean (body mass index 18–25; n=14), intermediate (body mass index 28–32.5; n=13), and obese (body mass index 33–40; n=15) groups. A novel microdialysis technique was utilized to detect elevated interstitial hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
) and superoxide levels in the vastus lateralis of obese compared with both lean and intermediate subjects. Nutritive blood flow was monitored in the vastus lateralis via the microdialysis-ethanol technique. A decrement in acetylcholine-stimulated blood flow revealed impaired microvascular endothelial function in the obese subjects. Perfusion of apocynin, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, lowered (normalized) H
2
O
2
and superoxide levels, and reversed microvascular endothelial dysfunction in obese subjects. After 8 weeks of exercise, H
2
O
2
levels were decreased in the obese subjects and microvascular endothelial function in these subjects was restored to levels similar to lean subjects. Skeletal muscle protein expression of the NADPH oxidase subunits p22
phox
, p47
phox
, and p67
phox
was increased in obese relative to lean subjects, where p22
phox
and p67
phox
expression was attenuated by exercise training in obese subjects.

Conclusions—

This study implicates NADPH oxidase as a source of excessive ROS production in skeletal muscle of obese individuals and links excessive NADPH oxidase–derived ROS to microvascular endothelial dysfunction in obesity. Furthermore, aerobic exercise training proved to be an effective strategy for alleviating these maladies.
Association Between Life's Simple 7 and Noncardiovascular Disease: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Ogunmoroti Oluseye , Allen Norrina B. , Cushman Mary , Michos Erin D. , Rundek Tatjana , Rana Jamal S. , Blankstein Ron , Blumenthal Roger S. , Blaha Michael J. , Veledar Emir , Nasir Khurram
Published: October 2016

Background

The American Heart Association introduced the Life's Simple 7 (
LS
7) metrics to assess and promote cardiovascular health. We examined the association between the
LS
7 metrics and noncardiovascular disease.

Methods and Results

We studied 6506 men and women aged between 45 and 84 years, enrolled in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Median follow‐up time was 10.2 years. Each component of the
LS
7 metrics (smoking, body mass index, physical activity, diet, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood glucose) was assigned points, 0 indicates “poor” category; 1, “intermediate,” and 2, “ideal.” The
LS
7 score, ranged from 0 to 14, was created from the points and categorized as optimal (11–14), average (9–10), and inadequate (0–8). Hazard ratios and event rates per 1000 person‐years were calculated for outcomes based on self‐reported hospitalizations with the
International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision,
diagnoses of cancer, chronic kidney disease, pneumonia, deep venous thromboembolism/pulmonary embolism, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia, and hip fracture. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, and education. Overall, noncardiovascular disease event rates were lower with increasing
LS
7 scores. With the inadequate
LS
7 score as reference, an optimal score was associated with a decreased risk for noncardiovascular disease events. The hazard ratio for cancer was, 0.80 (0.64–0.98); chronic kidney disease, 0.38 (0.27–0.54); pneumonia, 0.57 (0.40–0.80); deep venous thromboembolism/pulmonary embolism, 0.52 (0.33–0.82), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 0.51 (0.31–0.83).

Conclusions

The American Heart Association's
LS
7 score identified individuals who were vulnerable to multiple chronic nonvascular conditions. These results suggest that improving cardiovascular health will also reduce the burden of cancer and other chronic diseases.
Binding in English and South Slavic and The Parameterized DP Hypothesis
Authors: LaTerza Ivana
Published: October 2016

Despić (2013) argues that Serbian binding data provide support for the Parameterized DP Hypothesis (e.g., Fukui 1988 , Corver 1992 , Zlatić 1997 , Bošković 2003 , 2005 , 2008 ). His key claim is that the differences in binding possibilities observed between English and Serbian result from the presence of a DP layer in the former vs. its absence in the latter. 1 Apparent determiners in Serbian are claimed to be NP-adjoined elements (with category left unspecified). 2 In this squib, I show that Despić's analysis makes incorrect predictions about Serbian and closely related Slavic languages: Bulgarian and Macedonian.
Seven new species of Polystichum (subg. Haplopolystichum; Dryopteridaceae) from southern China
Authors: HAN MENG-QI , LIU YAN , ZHANG LI-BING
Published: October 2016

Seven new fern species of Polystichum subg. Haplopolystichum (Dryopteridaceae) are described and illustrated from Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, Southwest China. These seven species include P. arcuatum, P. multispinulosum, and P. paucicarpum from Guizhou, and P. crassirachis, P. membranifolium, P. paraobliquum, and P. serratissimum from Yunnan. Four of these seven species are described from limestone caves. All seven species have extremely narrow distributions and are classified as Critically Endangered (CR) following IUCN Red List criteria.
Thismia claviformis (Thismiaceae), a new species from the Thai-Malay Peninsula
Authors: CHANTANAORRAPINT SAHUT , SAE WAI JAREARNSAK , POOPATH MANOP , TETSANA NAIYANA
Published: October 2016

Thismia claviformis Chantanaorr. & J. Wai, is described and illustrated as a new species from the Thai-Malay Peninsula. The new species is characterized by 1) vermiform underground parts, 2) equal perianth lobes with slender claviform appendages, 3) a perianth tube without transverse bars inside, and 4) the apex of stamen bearing two triangular lobes. A taxonomic description, illustrations of the new species and a comparison with the related species are presented.
The Epiphytic Lichenized Fungi in Armenia: Diversity and Conservation
Authors: GASPARYAN ARSEN , SIPMAN HARRIE. J. M.
Published: October 2016

A total of 230 taxa of lichenized fungi are reported from epiphytic habitats in Armenia based on field studies from 2011 to 2015 and evaluation of the available literature. For each species, notes on taxonomy, chemistry, ecology, and local, regional and world distribution are presented, as well as presence in the protected areas of the country. An identification key for all species is added. Of the total, 219 are specialized epiphytes, rarely found on other substrates, while 11 species occur only incidentally on bark and more usually on rock. The epiphytic lichenized fungi of Armenia belong to 13 orders, 34 families and 88 genera. The most species-rich higher taxa are Lecanorales (Parmeliaceae, Physciaceae, Teloschistaceae), Arthoniales, Peltigerales and Pertusariales. Lecanora, Usnea and Phaeophyscia are the most species-rich genera. The following 28 taxa are new records for Armenia: Arthonia atra, Bacidia biatorina, Bacidina adastra, Biatora longispora, Bryoria fuscescens, Bryostigma muscigenum, Buellia erubescens, Candelariella efflorescens, Flavoparmelia soredians, Hypocenomyce scalaris, Lecidella cf. pulveracea, Lepraria jackii, Lepraria leuckertiana, Leptogium cyanescens, Ochrolechia pallescens, Pertusaria slesvicensis, Phaeophyscia endophoenicea, Phlyctis agelaea, Phlyctis argena, Placynthiella icmalea, Pyrrhospora quernea, Ramalina panizzei, Rinodina griseosoralifera, Rinodina polysporoides, Strigula stigmatella, Varicellaria hemisphaerica. Four genera are for the first time reported for the country, Hypocenomyce, Phlyctis, Pyrrhospora and Strigula. 188 species (82% of the epiphytic lichen mycobiota) were found in the Specially Protected Nature Areas of Armenia. The conservation status of 74 species has been evaluated following the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species categories and criteria. Among them we assessed 9 taxa as Critically Endangered, 5 taxa as Endangered, 2 taxa as Vulnerable, 4 taxa as Data Deficient and 54 taxa as Least Concern. Epiphytic lichens reported from Armenia showed predominantly holarctic distributional patterns. 187 species were found in the temperate deciduous and mixed forests, which dominate in Northern and Central Armenia, and 56 species in the open arid woodlands of Southern Armenia.
New species of the genus Aztecatopse Haenni & Huerta from Mexico (Diptera, Scatopsidae)
Authors: HUERTA HERÓN , HAENNI JEAN-PAUL
Published: October 2016

Four new species of the recently described genus Aztecatopse Haenni & Huerta are described from Mexico. Three of them, Aztecatopse amorimi sp. nov., A. foliosa sp. nov. and A. spinosa sp. nov. occur sympatrically with the type-species of the genus in central region (state of Mexico), while A. neotropica sp. nov. has been collected in states of Guerrero, Jalisco and Morelos. A key to the males of all known species of the genus is provided.
За възможните източници на апокрифния мотив „Сатанаил отказва да се поклони на Адам“ в едно раннохристиянско мъчение
Authors: Стойкова [Stoĭkova] Ана [Ana]
Published: October 2016

On the possible sources of the apocryphal motif “Satanael refuses to bow to Adam” in one early Christian passionThe article discusses the medieval literary works containing one of the variants of the apocryphal motif “the fall of the Rebel Angel from Heaven,” where Satanael calls himself “a fire flame” and refuses to bow to Adam, who was created “from mud.” A variant of this motif is found in the Slavonic version of an early anonymous Passion of St. George, while its Latin, Coptic and Ethiopian versions contain a more simplified variant – the reason for the refusal of the angel is his superior position in comparison to man. It seems possible that the Slavonic version preserved the original variant of the motif, known in the same form in only two more works – the Greek-Slavonic Apocalypse of Baruch (3 Baruch) and the Syriac Cave of Treasures, both of which preserved archaic features, whereas the Latin and the Oriental versions show traces of later changes. If this is indeed the case, the replacement of the earlier version occurred at a very early stage of the development of the text, probably already during the circulation of the Passion in Palestine or in Sinai. O możliwych źródłach apokryficznego motywu „Satanael odmawia złożenia hołdu Adamowi” w pewnej wczesnochrześcijańskiej pasjiW artykule przedstawiono średniowieczne dzieła literackie, zawierające jeden z wariantów motywu apokryficznego – upadek z nieba zbuntowanego anioła, w którym Satanael nazywa siebie samego „płomieniem ognia” i odmawia złożenia hołdu stworzonemu z błota Adamowi. Wariant tego motywu został odkryty w słowiańskiej wersji wczesnochrześcijańskiej Pasji św. Jerzego (anonimowego autora), podczas gdy wersje łacińska, koptyjska i etiopska przedstawiają ten wątek w sposób dalece uproszczony – powodem odmowy anioła jest jego wyższa pozycja w stosunku do człowieka. Wydaje się prawdopodobne, że słowiańska wersja zachowała oryginalny wariant motywu, występujący w tej samej formie tylko w dwóch jeszcze pracach – grecko­-słowiańskiej Apokalipsie Barucha (3 Baruch) i syryjskiej Grocie Skarbów, obu mających cechy archaiczne, podczas gdy w wersji łacińskiej i orientalnych widoczne są już zmiany. Jeśli faktycznie tak jest, to zastąpienie wcześniejszej wersji musiało nastąpić na wczesnym stadium rozwoju tekstu, prawdopodobnie już w czasie cyrkulowania Pasji w Palestynie lub na Synaju.
O dwóch słowiańskich przekładach dialogu Ofiara Abrahama
Authors: Skowronek Małgorzata
Published: October 2016

On two Slavonic translations of the Renaissance drama Abraham’s sacrificeThe paper’s main aim is to present two South-Slavonic translations of the Renaissance Greek drama Abraham’s sacrifice (I Thysía toú Avraám) by Vincenzo Cornaro; the first one was made by the Serbian man of letters Vikentije Rakić (1750–1818) at the end of the eighteenth century, the second one – by Andrey Pop-Doynov Robovski (1801–1858), a Bulgarian priest, teacher and activist for autocephaly of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. The different recep­tion and spread of the two translation was probably due to their various cultural contexts and literary value. Rakić’s translation was widely disseminated in both printed editions and manuscript copies, two of which are described in detail in the present article. O dwóch słowiańskich przekładach dialogu Ofiara AbrahamaCelem artykułu jest ukazanie specyfiki dwóch południowosłowiańskich przekładów późnorenesansowego dialogu Ofiara Abrahama (Ἡ Θυσία τοῦ Ἀβραάμ Vincenzo Cornaro), autorstwa Vikentije Rakicia (1750–1818), pisarza i tłumacza, oraz Andreja Pop-Dojnowa Robowskiego (1801–1858), kapłana, kaznodziei i działacza na rzecz autokefalii Bułgarskiej Cerkwi Prawosławnej. Powstałe w różnych okolicznościach kulturowych, o innych wartościach artystycznych, odmiennie były przyjmowane i rozpowszechniane. Przekład V. Rakicia trafił również do kopistów kodeksów rękopiśmiennych w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku.
Biblijny komponent tekstu cerkiewnosłowiańskiego (przykład staroserbskich zapisów)
Authors: Lis-Wielgosz Izabela
Published: October 2016

Biblical component of Old Church Slavonic text – the example of the Old Serbian inscriptionsThe paper deals with the problem of the presence of biblical material in Old Church Slavonic texts. While this question has indeed already been broadly and repeatedly discussed by palaeo-Slavists, the developments in medieval studies and the achievements in textological and editorial fields have once again made it an open issue still demanding further elaborations and clarifications. In the discourse of the discipline, the topical question concerns not so much frequency or participation as of the modes of usage of the canonical corpus, that is its concrete and conscious application, whereby it becomes an intrinsic and recognizable component of the literary work. My deliberations are intentionally limited to the example of brief literary forms, namely the Old Serbian inscriptions, which have not yet been considered or even marginalized, although they constitute lofty artistic and autonomous forms of expression, mirroring the whole repertoire of ideas, motifs, constructions and reserves of proceedings and operational strategies characteristic of the Old Church Slavonic literature. Biblijny komponent tekstu cerkiewnosłowiańskiego (przykład staroserbskich zapisów)W artykule podjęto problem obecności materiału biblijnego w tekstach cerkiewnosło­wiańskich, który wprawdzie był już wielokrotnie i szeroko omawiany przez paleoslawistów, lecz wraz z rozwojem refleksji mediewistycznej, osiągnięciami na polu tekstologicznym i edytorskim, nadal wydaje się zagadnieniem otwartym, wymagającym dalszych dopełnień i doprecyzowań. W nauce wciąż aktualne jest pytanie nie tyle o frekwencję czy partycypację, ile o modus wykorzystania kanonicznego korpusu, czyli jego konkretne i świadome użycie, takie zastosowanie, że staje się on nieodłącznym i rozpoznawalnym komponentem utworu literackiego. Rozważania na temat biblijnego tworzywa tekstu świadomie ograniczają się do przykładu krótkich form literackich – staroserbskich zapisów, które były dotąd niezauważane czy wręcz marginalizowane, a które stanowią wysoko artystyczne i autonomiczne jednostki wyrazu, odzwierciedlające cały repertuar idei, motywów, konstrukcji oraz charakterystyczny dla literatury cerkiewnosłowiańskiej zasób procedur i strategii operacyjnych.
Предмети на културата (музикални инструменти) и музиката в Библията. Към въпроса за музикалността на поетическото слово, за химнографията и лириката на Николай Лилиев
Authors: Simeonova-Konach Galia
Published: October 2016

Cultural artefacts (musical instruments) and music in the Bible: On the question of the music of poetry, hymnography and the lyric poetry of Nikolay LilievThe present paper is dedicated to the symbols of musical culture in semiotic and cultural discourse, as reflected by the category “cultural artefacts” (musical instruments) in the Bible. At the same time, it is as an attempt to demonstrate the literary critical and musicological potential of the problem. The category “musical instruments” in biblical texts has been discussed in a historical perspective. Another issue analysed in the paper are the rhythmic and metric structures of Byzantine and Bulgarian hymnography. Both these questions are viewed from the perspective of musical and poetical homology in Bulgarian symbolist poetry, specifically in the lyric poetry of Nikolay Liliev, and of the connections of Orthodox hymnography with broadly understood musicality of poetry. Artefakty (instrumenty muzyczne) i muzyka w Biblii. O muzyczności tekstu literackiego, hymnografii i liryki Nikołaja LiliewaArtykuł poświęcony jest roli symboli kultury muzycznej w dyskursie semiotycznym i kulturowym na podstawie kategorii artefaktów kulturowych (instrumentów muzycznych) w Biblii oraz stanowi próbę ukazania literacko-krytycznego i muzykologicznego potencjału zagadnienia. Kategoria „instrumenty muzyczne” w tekstach biblijnych została omówiona w perspektywie historycznej. Tekst analizuje również problematykę struktur rytmicznych i metrycznych hymnografii bizantyjskiej i bułgarskiej. W drugiej części artykułu oba zagad­nienia rozpatrywane są w aspekcie muzycznej i poetyckiej homologii poezji symbolistów bułgarskich, na podstawie liryki Nikołaja Lilijewa. Inną kwestię podejmowaną w wyżej wymienionym kontekście są niektóre związki i relacje pomiędzy hymnografią prawosławną a szeroko rozumianą muzycznością poezji.
In the trap of agnosticism: Judas according to Emiliyan Stanev
Authors: Drzewiecka Ewelina
Published: October 2016

In the trap of agnosticism: Judas according to Emiliyan StanevThe article discusses the modern sensation of complete enslavement. It offers an in-depth analysis of Emiliyan Stanev’s short story Lazarus and Jesus (Lazar i Isus; 1977) in the context of relevant entries from the author’s diaries. The article centres on the presentation of Judas as a debunker of Christ’s teaching. Stanev presents his vision of a permanent rift between spirit and reason that is not only a clear expression of the tragedy of agnosticism, but also, paradoxically, an indication that the state of ignorance is blessed, albeit impossible to achieve. Stanev’s story can be interpreted as a deeply ambiguous polemic not only with Christian religion understood as an “irrational” truth about transcendence but also with ideology, i.e. a doctrine that promises future happiness but is just as oppressive as formal secular power. W pułapce agnostycyzmu, czyli Judasz według Emiliana StanewaArtykuł omawia problematykę nowoczesnego poczucia totalnego zniewolenia. Przed­miotem uwagi jest opowiadanie Emiliana Stanewa Лазар и Исус (Łazarz i Jezus, 1977), zaś kontekstem – osobisty dziennik autora oraz rola jego Judasza jako demistyfikatora Chrystusowej nauki. Postawiona przez pisarza diagnoza wiecznego rozdarcia między duchem a rozumem staje się nie tylko kryptonimem tragizmu postawy agnostycznej, lecz – paradoksalnie – także przesłanką dla tezy o błogosławionym, choć niemożliwym do osiągnięcia stanie niewiedzy. Utwór interpretowany jest jako głęboko ambiwalentna polemika nie tyle z religią chrześcijańską jako irracjonalną „prawdą” o transcendencji, co z ideologią, tj. doktryną obiecującą przyszłe szczęście, choć równie zniewalającą jak formalna władza świecka.
Philip Rieff’s typology of culture and its applicability to the literary hybridization of the theological ideas of humanity and spiritual progress (a Bulgarian case study)
Authors: Szwat-Gyłybowa Grażyna
Published: October 2016

Philip Rieff’s typology of culture and its applicability to the literary hybridization of the theological ideas of humanity and spiritual progress (a Bulgarian case study)The twentieth century has become in a special way a time of reflection on the theologi­cal roots of human thinking, including thinking in political terms; suffice it to mention such names as Walter Benjamin, Carl Schmitt and Erich Voegelin. One of the thinkers who joined the ongoing disputes was Philip Rieff, who in his book My Life Among the Deathworks (2006), took on the task of a controversial (according to many) revitalization of the Judeo-Christian paradigm. Reflecting on the subject of art works over several centuries, he abstracted typo­logical criteria allowing him to build a dichotomous model of art, as dedicated either to death (the non-Judeo-Christian variety) or to life (the Judeo-Christian variety). The paper attempts to verify his reasoning by reflecting on the theological models of humanity and spiritual progress in Teodora Dimova’s novel The Train to Emmaus (Vlakat za Emaus, 2014). O przydatności typologii Philipa Rieffa w badaniach nad literackimi hybrydyzacjami teologicznych idei człowieczeństwa i duchowego postępu (na jednym przykładzie bułgarskim)Wiek dwudziesty w szczególny sposób stał się czasem refleksji nad teologicznymi korze­niami ludzkiego myślenia, w tym myślenia w kategoriach politycznych; dość wspomnieć choćby nazwiska tak różnych myślicieli jak Walter Benjamin, Carl Schmitt, Erich Voegelin. Jednym z badaczy, który włączył się w toczące się dysputy był Philip Rieff, który w książce My Life Among the Deathworks (2006) podjął trud dyskusyjnej (zdaniem wielu) rewitalizacji paradygmatu judeochrześcijańskiego. Snując rozważania na temat dzieł sztuki na przestrzeni kilku wieków, wyabstrahował kryteria typologiczne, pozwalające budować dychotomiczny model sztuki jako dedykowanej śmierci (wariant antyjudeochrześcijański) lub życiu (wariant judeochrześcijański). Jego sposób rozumowania autorka poddaje próbie weryfikacji w reflek­sji nad teologicznym modelem człowieczeństwa i duchowego postępu w powieści Teodory Dimowej Влакът за Емаус (2014).
Zdarzenie – między horrorem a baśnią
Authors: Pająk Patryk
Published: October 2016

An Event – between horror and fairy taleAn Event (Događaj, 1969) is one of the few Croatian horror movies. In comparison to other examples of the use of the horror genre in Croatian cinema, the film is distinguished by its aesthetic sophistication and skilful use of fairy-tale elements. The director Vatroslav Mimica evokes the mood of horror primarily through a suitably chosen space (the movie takes place mainly in the forest and two homes) as well as the right dosage and gradation of scenes of violence. The topic of An Event is the child’s initiation into adulthood. To highlight the most important stages and milestones of the initiation process, Mimica uses the plot and symbolic elements taken from the fairy-tale convention, such as the figures of false mother and magical helper as well as the motif of fear of abandonment and the motif of incorporation. Presentation of the topic of initiation by means of fairy-tale horror allows the director to describe suggestively the key problem in horror films that is the traumatogenic interaction between the natural and cultural factors that shape human life. Zdarzenie – między horrorem a baśniąZdarzenie to jeden z niewielu chorwackich horrorów. Na tle pozostałych przykładów użycia tej konwencji w kinie chorwackim wymieniony film wyróżnia się estetycznym wyrafi­nowaniem oraz umiejętnym wykorzystaniem pierwiastków baśniowych. Reżyser – Vatroslav Mimica – wywołuje nastrój grozy przede wszystkim za pomocą odpowiednio dobranej prze­strzeni (film rozgrywa się głównie w lesie i dwóch domach) oraz dozowania i stopniowania scen przemocy. Tematem Zdarzenia jest inicjacja dziecka w dorosłość. Aby uwydatnić najważniejsze etapy i punkty zwrotne procesu inicjacyjnego, Mimica wykorzystuje składniki fabularno­-symboliczne zaczerpnięte z konwencji baśni, takie jak postacie fałszywej matki i magicznego pomocnika oraz motywy lęku przed opuszczeniem i inkorporacji. Prezentacja tematu inicjacji za pomocą baśniowego horroru pozwala reżyserowi sugestywnie nakreślić kluczowy dla kina grozy problem traumatogennej interakcji między naturalnymi a kulturowymi czynnikami kształtującymi ludzkie życie.
Kompleks Wanga w Rupite jako sanktuarium religijne
Authors: Ciesielska Ida
Published: October 2016

Vanga complex in Rupite as a religious sanctuaryThe article addresses the Vanga complex that has been developed since 1994 in a Bul­garian village called Rupite. Due to its unique spatial arrangement as well as the ambiguity of the religious practises engaged at the complex, it at the same time effortlessly serves as an Orthodox, an esoteric and a folk sanctuary. The fact that its creators were influenced by the Marxist and esoteric system established in the twentieth century by Lyudmila Zhivkova as well as spatial categories of the centre and axis mundi, resulted in the occult tenor of this place. Simultaneously, mystification used by the originators together with ambivalent approach of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church towards syncretic religious phenomena, enabled St. Petka Church – constituting the axis of the complex being discussed – to become an official Orthodox church. Furthermore, the Rupite complex can justifiably be interpreted as an institutionalisa­tion of the cult of the local seer Vanga, dynamically developing in the south-west of Bulgaria. Binding psychic and healing spiritual gifts of Vanga with folk beliefs about St. Petka, made it possible to inscribe the seer into the paradigm of a Christian martyr and a prophetess. Moreover, it also allowed Vanga to enter the pantheon of saint healers, who are particularly popular in these areas. Kompleks Wanga w Rupite jako sanktuarium religijneTematem artykułu jest powstający od 1994 roku w bułgarskiej miejscowości Rupite – Kom­pleks Wanga. Dzięki swej wyjątkowości ,,przestrzennej” oraz niejednoznaczności wyzna­wanego kultu obiekt ten funkcjonuje jednocześnie jako sanktuarium prawosławne, ezo­teryczne oraz ludowe. Miejsce to zawdzięcza swój okultystyczny charakter odwołaniom jego twórców do marksistowsko-ezoterycznego systemu światopoglądowego, stworzonego w ubiegłym stuleciu przez Ludmiłę Żiwkową, oraz do przestrzennych kategorii centrum i axis mundi. Jednocześnie, dzięki zastosowanej przez pomysłodawców mistyfikacji oraz ambiwalentnej wobec synkretycznych zjawisk religijnych postawie Bułgarskiej Prawosław­nej Cerkwi, świątynia pw. św. Petki – stanowiąca oś omawianego kompleksu – stała się oficjalnie cerkwią prawosławną. Kompleks w Rupite ponadto interpretować można jako instytucjonalizację prężnie rozwijającego się w zachodnio-południowej Bułgarii kultu rodzi­mej jasnowidzki – Wangi. Powiązanie mediumicznych i leczniczych charyzmatów Wangi z ludowymi wyobrażeniami św. Petki pozwoliło na wpisanie jasnowidzki w paradygmat chrześcijańskiej męczennicy i prorokini oraz włączyło Wangę do panteonu – popularnych na tych terenach – tzw. świętych lekarzy.
Wspomnienie pośmiertne prof. zw. dr hab. Mieczysław Tanty (* 19. lipca 1928 – † 22. kwietnia 2015)
Authors: Rubacha Jarosław
Published: October 2016

Obituary – Professor Mieczysław Tanty (* 19 July 1928 - † 22 April 2015)This obituary outlines the professional career and work of the outstanding Polish historian and Slavic studies scholar, Professor Mieczysław Tanty (19.07.1928–22.04.2015). Wspomnienie pośmiertne – prof. zw. dr hab. Mieczysław Tanty (* 19 lipca 1928 – † 22 kwietnia 2015)Tekst wspomnienia przedstawia drogę naukową i dorobek wybitnego polskiego historyka i znawcy dziejów Słowiańszczyzny, prof. Mieczysława Tantego.
Modification of the Gravity Wave Parameterization in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model: Motivation and Results
Authors: Garcia Rolando R. , Smith Anne K. , Kinnison Douglas E. , Cámara Álvaro de la , Murphy Damian J.
Published: October 2016

The current standard version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) simulates Southern Hemisphere winter and spring temperatures that are too cold compared with observations. This “cold-pole bias” leads to unrealistically low ozone column amounts in Antarctic spring. Here, the cold-pole problem is addressed by introducing additional mechanical forcing of the circulation via parameterized gravity waves. Insofar as observational guidance is ambiguous regarding the gravity waves that might be important in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere, the impact of increasing the forcing by orographic gravity waves was investigated. This reduces the strength of the Antarctic polar vortex in WACCM, bringing it into closer agreement with observations, and accelerates the Brewer–Dobson circulation in the polar stratosphere, which warms the polar cap and improves substantially the simulation of Antarctic temperature. These improvements are achieved without degrading the performance of the model in the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere or in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere of either hemisphere. It is shown, finally, that other approaches that enhance gravity wave forcing can also reduce the cold-pole bias such that careful examination of observational evidence and model performance will be required to establish which gravity wave sources are dominant in the real atmosphere. This is especially important because a “downward control” analysis of these results suggests that the improvement of the cold-pole bias itself is not very sensitive to the details of how gravity wave drag is altered.
Justifications of citizens’ subject positions in public debates on welfare
Authors: Autto Janne Mikael , Törrönen Jukka
Published: October 2016

Foucault’s work has inspired studies examining how subject positions are constructed for citizens of the welfare state that encourage them to adopt the subject position of active and responsible people or consumers. Yet these studies are often criticised for analysing these subject positions as coherent constructions without considering how their construction varies from one situation to another. This paper develops the concept of subject position in relation to the theory of justification and the concept of modality in order to achieve a more sensitive and nuanced analysis of the politics of welfare in public debates. The theory of justification places greater weight on actors’ competence in social situations. It helps to reveal how justifications and critiques of welfare policies are based on the skilful contextual combination of diverse normative bases. The concept of modality, in turn, makes it possible to elaborate how subject positions in justifications and critiques of welfare policies become associated with specific kinds of values. We demonstrate the approach by using public debates on children’s day care in Finland. The analysis illustrates how subject positions are justified in relation to different kinds of worlds and made persuasive by connecting them to commonly desirable rights, responsibilities, competences or abilities.
Failed States and Ungoverned Spaces
Authors: Lynch Marc
Published: October 2016

State failure and proxy war have consumed key Arab states such as Iraq, Libya, Syria, and Yemen, with massive humanitarian consequences. Local power struggles have been exacerbated by regional and international interventions. The next American administration must act to resolve these wars and assist the reconstruction of shattered states. Rather than new military interventions, the United States should focus on the international enforcement of military de-escalation to accomplish these goals. This article explores the distinctive challenges for U.S. policy in each of these conflicts.
School-Based CVE Strategies
Authors: Moffett Katie , Sgro Tony
Published: October 2016

The Peer to Peer (P2P): Challenging Extremism initiative, which counters violent extremism through youth engagement, is a partnership between an interagency government team and EdVenture Partners, a private organization that manages experiential learning initiatives using a peer-to-peer approach. The initiative tasks university students across the globe to counter extremism among their peers and in their communities, by creating and implementing, over the course of a school term, a social or digital initiative, product, or tool designed to empower their peers and counter hate. At the time of writing, more than two thousand students from more than ninety-five universities in more than thirty countries have been involved in the initiative, which is specifically designed to capitalize on public-private partnerships.
ISIS and al-Qaeda—What Are They Thinking? Understanding the Adversary
Authors: Haykel Bernard
Published: October 2016

The ideologies of al-Qaeda and the Islamic State are rooted in larger historical trends that have to do with the rise of Islamism in the Arab world and its authoritarian politics. This article provides the basic history and ideological composition of these two militant movements, how they differ from each other, and what accounts for their initial political success and more recent failure. It also offers policy recommendations for how to more effectively counter these groups.
Approaches for Countering Violent Extremism at Home and Abroad
Authors: Selim George
Published: October 2016

As the struggle against violent extremism continues 15 years after 9/11, practitioners of counterterrorism note that law enforcement and military approaches alone cannot break the cycle of violence, and new threats emerge as existing threats are defeated. This article provides an overview of post-9/11 efforts related to countering violent extremism (CVE), or the prevention, intervention, and rehabilitative efforts to provide a noncoercive, nonkinetic pathway toward preventing recruitment and radicalization to extreme violence. Specifically, this article explores the spread of the ISIS ideology and the Obama administration’s CVE efforts, and provides an overview of subsequent articles in this series that expand on particular CVE approaches.
What prevents public and private workers in Japan from recognizing gender inequality?
Authors: Shinohara Shugo , Zhang Yahong , Riccucci Norma M.
Published: October 2016

Although the percentage of women in Japan’s workforce has increased substantially over the last 30 years, gender inequality in terms of income and position has persisted. A major problem is the lack of consciousness around gender inequality in society. Our study aims to explore the factors, particularly the Japanese style of management and cultural norms, that prevent workers in the public and private sectors from recognizing gender inequality. The Working Life Survey data collected from 1999 to 2011 were used for empirical analysis. The research finds that while there are no significant differences in the perceptions of gender inequality between public workers and their private counterparts, the factors influencing their consciousness of gender inequality do differ. The article also discusses the implications of our findings for efforts to promote gender equality throughout the Japanese workforce.

Points for practitioners

Gender equality in the Japanese workplace is considerably low in a global context. Despite substantial gender gaps, the Working Life Survey of 1999–2011 reveals that 32.4% of 9231 workers answered that different treatment based on gender in Japanese workplaces is “fair” or “almost fair.” Examining these data, the study finds that there are no significant differences in the consciousness of gender inequality between public workers and their private counterparts. In addition, while distinctive Japanese management practices are influential on private workers’ consciousness of gender inequality, they do not affect that of public workers.
Challenging the myth of “a land without a people”: Mahmoud Darwish’s Journal of an Ordinary Grief and In the Presence of Absence
Authors: Nashef Hania A. M.
Published: October 2016

In his address at the Madrid Peace Conference, the Head of the Palestinian Delegation, Dr Haidar Abdul-Shafi challenged the persistent myth that has defined Palestinian existence for at least a century by saying: “For too long the Palestinian people have gone unheeded, silenced […] we have been victimized by the myth of ‘a land without a people’” (Abd Al-Shafi, 1992: 133). Negation coupled with the trauma of the loss of territory has augmented the Palestinian silence. In this article, I look at Mahmoud Darwish’s Journal of an Ordinary Grief (2010) and In the Presence of Absence (2011), drawing on Edward W. Said’s After the Last Sky (1999), in which the authors recount the untold story of their marginalized people to give voice to the silenced through accounts of a lived and observed experience.
The theory gap in higher education
Authors: Stoller Aaron
Published: October 2016

This essay makes the case that while theory plays a vital role in the context of disciplinary research and scholarship, it has had little meaningful impact on the discourses, policies, and practices of contemporary higher education. This lack of theoretical engagement is not value-neutral, but has had devastating consequences in terms of higher education’s inability to resist neoliberal rationalities and conceptualize new possibilities for practice.
Educational criticism as a new specialization
Authors: Leonardo Zeus
Published: October 2016

This article argues that a new specialization in education has been developing: educational criticism. It takes as its model the existing fields of criticism found in other disciplines, mainly in literature, or literary criticism. The article outlines the central features of educational criticism as a new specialization, guided by a program of study around themes including the function of criticism and role of the intellectual. As an example, Edward Said's contrapuntal analysis provides a point of departure for forging ahead with educational criticism.
Re-presenting, performing critical/post-critical research realities
Authors: Heimans Stephen , Singh Parlo
Published: October 2016

The aim of this paper is to focus on the relations between theory and research methods in educational research by mapping out our own research journeys. The paper arises out of a plenary talk at a ‘Theory Workshop’ (13–15 May 2016) that the Australian Association for Educational Research facilitated with Griffith University in Brisbane. This introductory talk attempted to create the space for ‘opening up’ discussion about the complex relations between theory and methods, and to show how these complex relations have been realised in our own, very different, researcher trajectories. It was a ‘contradictory-performance’ – we conducted a dialogue, invited interruptions, meandered from the central issue of theory–method nexus, talked past one another, worked with a chaotic PowerPoint presentation (slides from which are included here) and so on. We wanted the talk to be messy and, in both its form and contents, to be an invitation to others to engage in similar ways during the weekend. We were also interested in connecting and disconnecting with some of the recent debates in education research, for example on experimental practices, performativity, new materiality, and post-qualitative research. Drawing on these debates and on our own research work, we wanted to create the space for considering our research in terms of their disjunctive ‘journeys’ and in terms of the consequences (and therefore to think about the purposes of research, and relatedly the purposes of education) of this contradictory work. This article is a reworked version of this talk – but we have tried to keep its open ‘feel’ in the hope of inviting other conversations about, and connections with and between, theory and methods.
Sound absorption of textile curtains – theoretical models and validations by experiments and simulations
Authors: Pieren Reto , Schäffer Beat , Schoenwald Stefan , Eggenschwiler Kurt
Published: October 2016

Textile curtains can be designed to be good sound absorbers. Their acoustical performance, as usually described by the sound absorption coefficient, not only depends on the textile itself but also on the drapery fullness and the backing condition, that is, the spacing between the fabric and a rigid backing wall, or the absence of a backing in the case of a freely hanging curtain. This article reviews existing models to predict the diffuse-field sound absorption coefficient, which to date can only predict the case of flat curtains. A set of existing models is extended to the case of curtains with drapery fullness using a semi-empirical approach. The models consider different backing conditions, including freely hanging curtains. The existing and new models are validated by comparing predicted sound absorption coefficients with data measured in a reverberation room. Hereby, curtains consisting of different fabrics and with different degrees of fullness are considered. Besides situations with rigid backing, also the measurement data of textiles hung freely in space are included in this study. Comparisons reveal a very good agreement between measured and predicted sound absorption coefficients. Compared to currently available commercial sound absorption prediction software that can only handle the situation of flat textiles with rigid backing, the results of the presented models not only show a better agreement with measured data, but also cover a broader range of situations. The presented models are thus well applicable in the design and development of new textiles as well as in the room acoustical planning process.