bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of HMGCR rs17671591 and rs3761740 with lipidemia and statin response in Uyghurs and Han Chinese
Authors: Liu Ziyang , Zhou Yang , Jin Menglong , Liu Shuai , Liu Sen , Yang Kai , Li Huayin , Luo Sifu , Jureti Subinuer , Wei Mengwei , Fu Zhenyan
Published: September 2024

Background

Dyslipidemia plays a very important role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Genetic factors, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), are one of the main risks of dyslipidemia. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) is not only the rate-limiting enzyme step of endogenous cholesterol production, but also the therapeutic target of statins.

Methods

We investigated 405 Han Chinese and 373 Uyghur people who took statins for a period of time, recorded their blood lipid levels and baseline data before and after oral statin administration, and extracted DNA from each subject for SNP typing of HMGCR rs17671591 and rs3761740. The effects of HMGCR rs17671591 and rs3761740 on lipid levels and the effect of statins on lipid lowering in Han Chinese and Uyghur ethnic groups were studied.

Results

In this study, for rs17671591, the CC vs. TT+CT model was significantly correlated with the level of LDL-C before oral statin in the Uyghur population, but there were no correlations between rs17671591 and the level of blood lipid before oral statin in the Han population. The CC vs. TT+CT and CT vs. CC+TT models were significantly correlated with the level of LDL-C after oral statin in the Uyghur population. There was no significant correlation between rs3761740 with blood lipids before and after oral statin in the Han population. For rs3761740, before oral statin, the CC vs. AA+CA model was significantly correlated with the level of LDL-C, and the CA vs. CC+AA model was significantly correlated with the level of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the Uyghur population. After oral statin, the CC vs. AA+CA and CA vs. CC+AA models were significantly correlated with the level of TC, LDL-C, and apolipoprotein (APOB), and the C vs. A model was significantly correlated with the level of TC, triglyceride (TG), LDL-C, and APOB in the Uyghur population. Particularly, the CT vs. CC+TT model of rs17671591 was significantly correlated with the changes of LDL-C after oral statin in the Uyghur population. In this study, we also explored the association of rs17671591 and rs3761740 with the rate of dyslipidemia as a reference.

Conclusion

We found that HMGCR rs3761740 was correlated with the levels of TC, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C before and after oral statin in Uyghurs, but not with blood lipid levels in the Han population. In the Uyghur population, HMGCR rs17671591 was associated with the level of LDL-C before and after oral statin, and also affected the changes of LDL-C after oral statin.
Sloth metabolism may make survival untenable under climate change scenarios
Authors: Cliffe Rebecca N. , Ewart Heather E. , Scantlebury David M. , Kennedy Sarah , Avey-Arroyo Judy , Mindich Daniel , Wilson Rory P.
Published: September 2024

Although climate change is predicted to have a substantial effect on the energetic requirements of organisms, the longer-term implications are often unclear. Sloths are limited by the rate at which they can acquire energy and are unable to regulate core body temperature (Tb) to the extent seen in most mammals. Therefore, the metabolic impacts of climate change on sloths are expected to be profound. Here we use indirect calorimetry to measure the oxygen consumption (VO2) and Tb of highland and lowland two-fingered sloths (Choloepus hoffmanni) when exposed to a range of different ambient temperatures (Ta) (18 °C –34 °C), and additionally record changes in Tb and posture over several days in response to natural fluctuations in Ta. We use the resultant data to predict the impact of future climate change on the metabolic rate and Tb of the different sloth populations. The metabolic responses of sloths originating from the two sites differed at high Ta’s, with lowland sloths invoking metabolic depression as temperatures rose above their apparent ‘thermally-active zone’ (TAZ), whereas highland sloths showed increased RMR. Based on climate change estimates for the year 2100, we predict that high-altitude sloths are likely to experience a substantial increase in metabolic rate which, due to their intrinsic energy processing limitations and restricted geographical plasticity, may make their survival untenable in a warming climate.
Early cancer screening surveillance in one medical center of China
Authors: Yang Ying , Du Peng , Hou Xiaolu , Yan Kun , Dai Ying , Sun ZhiYing , Wu Qi , Li Shijie , Yan Yan , Wang Zhilong , Qi Liping , Chen Mailin , Zheng Hong , Gao Weijiao , Gao Min , Xue Weicheng , Zhang Xiaodong
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Cancer screening aims to detect and treat malignant lesions at an early stage and to prolong patients’ lifetime. There is still a lack of effective cancer screening programs in China. We initiated a screening project in 2018 and this study presented the cancer screening status in China.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study in one cancer-care medical center of China. The screening program included routine blood tests, plasma tumor markers, gastric endoscopy, colonoscopy, ultrasound, and computed tomography (CT) scans. Screening results were presented as sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values (PPVs).

Results

Twenty-three (1.46%) out of 1,576 participants were eventually diagnosed with malignant tumors or high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN). A family history of malignancy (78.26% in diagnosed cancer and HGIN vs. 46.36% in the others) was the only statistically significant parameter associated with cancer detection (p = 0.002). None of the common tumor markers were associated with the cancers screened. Except for colonoscopy (50.00%) and ultrasound for renal cancer (66.67%), the sensitivities of most screening methods were 100%. The specificities of all the screening means were above 96%. Most PPVs ranged from 30–60%.

Conclusion

We emphasized risk stratification for early cancer screening, such as a family history of cancer. The survey illustrated that gastric endoscopy, colonoscopy, ultrasound, and lung CT for early cancer screening had high specificity, reasonable sensitivity, and PPV. We anticipated this report would motivate larger-sample studies to estimate the risk-to-benefit ratio of cancer screening and urge the establishment of a native Chinese screening project and even guidelines.
Can Neurobic Exercises be used as an Efficacious Approach to Improve Reaction Time among Runner? A Case Report
Authors: Patil Pooja Sunil , Kumar Amit , Sharma Shashi Prakash
Published: September 2024

To find the effectiveness of Neurobic exercises, recreational runner, male, aged 23 years was selected for this case reported on the basis of inclusion criteria. A planned five weeks Neurobic exercises protocol was created with an emphasis on reaction time improvement. This protocol included: Lazy eights, backward walking, cross crawls, ankle touch, brain buttons, and trace X. For the quantification of improvement three outcome measures were used; Sprint with 90 degrees turn, sprint 9-3-6-3-9 meters with 180 degrees turn, sprint 9-3-6-3-9 meters with backward and forward running. Neurobic exercises work as an effective treatment for efficient and quick decision making while creating new associative patterns using neuroplastic approach. This case report demonstrates how a runner can benefit and improve his reaction time and boost his field performance. Positive results emphasise how crucial Neurobic exercises are for supporting sports players for their betterment on field.
Effect of Active, Passive and Nonsmoking on Aerobic Capacity among Young Collegiates
Authors: Sharma Aakrit , Jangra Mandeep Kumar
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The Cardiopulmonary health of young collegiates is important, especially considering the prevalence of smoking within this demographic. Despite widespread awareness of risks, many college students still smoke actively or are exposed to second hand smoke. Understanding these effects on young adults is vital for targeted interventions to reduce risks. This study aimed to explore how various smoking statuses affect the Cardiopulmonary health of young college students, to provide strategies to promote healthier lifestyles and lessen the burden of smoking-related diseases in this demographic. Aim: To investigate the effects of active and passive smoking on aerobic capacity among young collegiates. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 participants with a mean age of 21.7±1.4 years were randomly divided into three groups: active, passive, and non-smokers. Aerobic capacity was assessed using the Queen’s College step test. Participants stepped for three minutes with a cadence of 22 steps/minute for females and 24 steps/minute for males. Heart rate was recorded immediately after the test for 15 seconds and multiplied by 4 to obtain the rate per minute. Results: Active smokers exhibited the lowest VO2 max, followed by passive smokers, while non-smokers demonstrated the highest aerobic capacity. But there was no statistically significant difference in VO2 max among the groups; active-passive (p=1.000), passive and non-smokers (p=0.299), active and non-smokers (p=0.113). Conclusion: Although there was no significant change in aerobic capacity, lower VO2 max was observed among active smokers followed by passive smokers
A Review of Latest Guidelines to Treat Lymphoedema Post Vulva Cancer
Authors: . Janvi , Shreya Suruchi , Bloreya Eishika , Kumar Shweta
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The “stages” of Vulva Cancer that describes the size of cancer and how far it has grown and “grades” that describe how abnormal the cell look under the microscope. Vulva is the outer layer of urethra, where cancer cells rapidly spread to skin that often gets associated with poor prognosis. Aim: To create a database of information on vulva cancer led Lymphoedema and to create collection of guidelines on current available literature on rehabilitation of lymphoedema post-vulva cancer. Materials and Methods: The guidelines were searched using the PubMed database. Embase database will be used for literature search using PICOT table. Results: A literature survey table ruled out the guidelines required to be incorporated in the management of lymphoedema cases. Conclusion: This literature review will interpret the guidelines already stated using evidence-based searches and highlight it at one place for the benefit of clinicians. This study will establish clinical guidelines to effectively manage lymphoedema bilateral or unilateral extremities post vulva cancer. Lymphoedema post vulva cancer suffers from poor prognosis due to skin related cancerous changes that usually are malignant in nature. Physiotherapists in this field work towards good quality of life for these patients with effective communication and using short stretch bandages.
Physiotherapy Strategies for Improved Hygiene and Quality of Life in Wheelchairbound Women: A Narrative Review
Authors: . Diksha , Sharma Sunita
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Wheelchairs offer increased mobility and freedom, their usage may introduce supplementary obstacles to engage in daily activities, potentially impact an individual’s overall quality of life adversely. Studies demonstrate that women with disabilities are subjected to emotional, physical, and sexual abuse at notable frequencies and these disabilities frequently result in individuals using wheelchairs. The analysis indicates that girls with disabilities rely on caregivers and family members for mobility, facing difficulties in maintaining hygiene and accessing safe, disability-friendly washrooms. Aim: To investigate the potential benefits of physiotherapy interventions in enhancing hygiene management and overall wellbeing among women who rely on wheelchairs. Materials and Methods: We conducted searches in English across databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using the keywords “physiotherapy strategies”, “hygiene care”, “quality of life” and “wheelchair-bound women”. For this review, a total 16 articles were selected, comprising 6 narrative reviews, 3 systematic reviews, 4 Randomised Clinical Trials (RCTs), and 3 experimental studies and excludes studies not written in English, conference abstracts, and those lacking relevance to the topic. Results: Physiotherapy interventions for wheelchair-bound women enhance hygiene and quality of life, emphasising personalised approaches and inter-disciplinary collaboration for optimisation. Conclusion: Physiotherapy treatments, such as targeted exercises and instruction, have the potential to alter hygiene care and quality of life for wheelchair-using women, promoting independence and well-being.
Effectiveness of Physiotherapy Intervention in Meralgia Paresthetica in Females: A Literature Review
Authors: Mor Nidhi , Goyal Kanu
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The studies suggest that physiotherapy interventions improve the condition of meralgia paresthetica in females. Aim: To analyse the literature present on the physiotherapy treatment intervention of meralgia paresthetica in females. Materials and Methods: The review utilised PubMed, Google scholar to search relevant and identified 776 studies from last 10 years. After removing duplicates, titles and abstracts were screened, from the literature involving females patients of 30-40 years of age group, and finally 11 were assessed. Results: We included studies consisting of RCTs, Systematic review, clinical trials, correlation studies and meta-analysis. All studies included physiotherapy treatments and interventions. Conclusion: The study concluded that manual therapy, kinesiotaping, PNF, TENS and PFR all extremely effective treatment interventions to manage meralgia paresthetica in females. Implications: The results can be used to conduct further studies to add evidence-based literature in physiotherapy practice.
Prevalence of Tokophobia among Pregnant Women Electing for Normal Vaginal Delivery and Caesarean-section: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: . Isha , Mehra Pooja , Kaul Geetanjali , Chattanta Varsha
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Normal Vaginal Delivery (NVD) and Caesarean (C)- section are two different mode of delivery that are opted in pregnant women and each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. The pathological dread of child-birth known as “tokophobia” has an impact on women’s health by increasing their risk of physical and psychological morbidity. It includes fear for the infant's life, genital tract, and injuries. Early tokophobia detection is crucial since it can result in long-term anxiety and make daily tasks challenging. Aim: To evaluate the Prevalence of Tokophobia among Pregnant women electing for Normal Vaginal Delivery and Caesarean-section. Materials and Methods: A total of 230 pregnant women (115- NVD, 115- c-section), aged between 18 to 45 years, convenience sampling were enrolled in the study. Kolmogorov Smirnov’s test showed data was normally distributed and was expressed mean (range) and 95% CI. Chi-square test was used to check association of tokophobia with mode of delivery and gravida. Results: Intense fear (35.65%) was observed in women electing for NVD than caesarean section (28%). There was a significant association between mode of delivery and tokophobia (<0.05) and in-significant association between gravida and tokophobia (>0.05). Phi-crammer’s v criteria shows that mode of delivery and tokophobia has strong association (p-value 0.015) and gravida and tokophobia has moderate association (p-value 0.149) respectively. Conclusion: Intense fear was found to be more prevalent among primigravida women opting for NVD.
To Check Aerobic Capacity and Fatigue Index of Asymptomatic Young Adults: A Pilot Study
Authors: Swami Neetu , Pandey Arihant , Kumar Shweta
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The 6-minute walk test is a submaximal exercise test used to assess aerobic capacity and endurance. This test helps the researchers understand the importance of physical activity and exercise tolerance. It is very useful in elderly and frail patients, but the present study will establish data for young asymptomatic individuals. Aim: To assess the utility of 6-minute walk test to monitor the progress of functional capacity, aerobic capacity and endurance of the asymptomatic individual. Methods: Instruct the patient to walk as far as they can without running in a 30 m long hallway. If a subject stopped before the 6th minute were up operator decided that he\she should not continue the reason for stopping was recorded. Results: The participants in the study were analysed based on prepost values of SpO2 , fatigue and heart rate. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 was used to analyse the data and paired test was used to analyse the results further. Conclusion: 6-minute walk test is a submaximal exercise assessment tool to gauge a person’s endurance and functional capacity. This test is mild to moderate activity and can be used to determine the exercise tolerance and cardio-respiratory fitness. The test can be used to evaluate the physical performance of asymptomatic young adults’ young individuals.
Unravelling the Evidence: Craniosacral Therapy for Migraine Relief- A Review
Authors: Grover Jasleen Kaur
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Cranio-sacral Therapy (CST) is a non invasive method which can help patients with migraine. Reviews are needed to explore the effectiveness of the same and also the most effective treatment frequency and duration need to be recommend. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of CST in managing pain and migraine attack frequency among migraineurs. Methodology: Relevant articles were identified by searching major databases (PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Cochrane Library) published between 2000 and 2023 on adult participants who received CST with a history of migraine for atleast one year. The focus was to find whether effectiveness of CST was superior to sham interventions in participants with migraines. A standardised approach was used to assess the quality and potential biases within each study using Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale and robvis tool, followed by an evaluation of the overall strength of the evidence using a recognised framework. Results: The present search identified 38 studies, of which only 5 trials met the strict criteria for inclusion in this review. These studies consistently showed that CST was more effective than sham therapy in reducing both migraine frequency and pain intensity. Additionally, the results suggested that CST may not only decrease migraine frequency but also improve overall quality of life. Conclusion: CST is a gentle and safe approach and can be a valuable complementary therapy that may help reduce both the frequency and intensity of migraine episodes compared to other interventions. Implications: It’s crucial to seek treatment from a qualified craniosacral therapist for optimal safety and effectiveness.
Reliability and Validity of 3-Meter Backward Walk Test in Individuals with Balance Impairments: A Literature Review
Authors: . Palkin , Goyal Kanu , Goyal Manu
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Balance tests are helpful in assessing a population with variety of conditions. Computerised dynamic posturography, and other tools for balance assessment are expensive, difficult to handle/use and also not readily available. Thus, basic screening exams like 3-Meter Backward Walk Test (3MBWT) are developed. The 3MBWT is used to assess backward walking mobility, balance, and risk of fall.3-meter backward walk test (3MBWT) is a quick, easy, and clinically standardised way to evaluate backward walking and is therefore a tool for balance assessment. Aim: The study aims to review the validity and reliability of 3MBWT in individuals with balance impairments. Materials and Methods: The study commenced by exploring the databases including PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus to uncover full text publications authored in English. A total of 34 articles were retrieved after extensive data search, which were evaluated and only 13 articles met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Young adults, older adults and older populations with neurological and musculoskeletal impairments were included. Results: 3MBWT shows excellent intrarater, interrater and testretest reliability (ICC >0.80) and moderate to strong co-relations with already established tools for balance assessment therefore is having good concurrent validity. Conclusion: 3MBWT is a reliable, valid and user-friendly tool for assessment of balance and fall risk and should therefore be included in the series of tests while assessing patients with neurological or musculoskeletal conditions. Implications: The findings may be administered in assessment of balance and risk of fall.
To Assess the Effect of Physiotherapy Management in Osteoarthritis Knee: A Case Report
Authors: Sharma Prachi , Chouhan Vanshika , Popli Aditi
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint condition, characterised by joint pain and dysfunction caused by joint destruction. There is strong evidence to show short-term beneficial effects of exercise on pain and function. Physiotherapy treatments aim to dissipate knee joint load, alter lower limb alignment, improve range of motion and restore normal neuromuscular function. Aim: To check if physiotherapy helps in improving joint function in patients with OA. Methodology: A 27-year-old male patient diagnosed with osteoarthritis knee were recruited and given physiotherapy intervention for 4 weeks. On the basis radiological examination and Kellgren and Lawerence Scale patient is classified as OA knee. Results: Physiotherapy in combination with other management strategies, such as weight loss and attention to psychological factors may provide more significant outcomes than any one of these in isolation. Conclusion: Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in managing Osteoarthritis Knee. Implication: Physiotherapy interventions can reduce knee pain and improve function in those with knee OA.
Cognitive Resilience in Willis Ekbom Disease: Enhancing Functionality through Neurophysiotherapy Interventions
Authors: . Muskan , Sharma Shweta
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The neurological condition known as Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), or Willis-Ekbom disease, is epitomised by unintentional movement of the legs that predominantly unfold during sleep. RLS is accompanied by leg discomfort. RLS management is multi-faceted because of its heterogeneous causes and varying treatment outcomes. Dopamine agonists are the primary treatment, however some individuals may have augmentation-paradoxical worsening of symptoms. Aim: To explore the potential of neuro-physiotherapy to further dignify cognitive resilience among individuals grappling with Willis Ekbom Disease (WED). Materials and Methods: An exhaustive review of the literature, encompassing several full-text published studies, was carried out using key databases such as PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus to uncover cognitive-focused approaches that could potentially be incorporated into neuro-physiotherapy for WED. This review stipulated a comprehensive examination of individuals aged 18 and above who experienced sleeplessness, apprehension and neuromuscular diseases. Results: Enhancements in cognitive function, including attention, memory, and executive function, can result from neuro-physiotherapy therapies such as cognitive training, psychoeducation, and interdisciplinary teamwork which ultimately mitigate WED. Conclusion: This study concludes that inclusion of cognitive resiliencefocused therapies into neuro-physiotherapy for WED proves essential for holistic care, resulting in enhanced patient outcomes and prevention of disease.
Enhancing Maternal Health: Physiotherapy Rehabilitation Approaches for Gestational Diabetes in Pregnant Women: A Narrative Review
Authors: Agarwal Vanshika , Kaur Simranjeet , Sharma Nidhi
Published: September 2024

Introduction: According to a Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) study, patients with gestational diabetes mellites may experience a lower risk of acquiring diabetes if they implement lifestyle modifications. Physical activity is regarded as a crucial element in the treatment of gestational diabetes mellites. For people with insulin resistance, systematic exercise is beneficial in improving diabetes management outside of pregnancy. Aim: To summarise all the existing literature to learn about the physiotherapy rehabilitation of expectant mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: A This narrative review included articles from the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) databases have been utilised to search articles with search terms which includes, REHAB “GBM”, exercise, hydrotherapy AND aerobic using Boolean operators AND, OR. The search yield 156 results in the PubMed Database and few articles results in the GOOGLE SCHOLAR database. various studies that analyses effect of physical activity, resistance training exercise, aerobic exercise, to improve strength, cardiovascular activity and functional reduction in the weight at the time of pregnancy 8 articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included for the present review in which total participants with diabetes were allocated to experimental and control group. Results: The blood glucose level in the resistance exercise group and the aerobic exercise group were lower after the intervention than before the intervention. Conclusion: Exercise is essential for managing GDM, although there is currently little data to support its medium to long-term benefits.
Effects of Citric Acid on the Phytoextraction Potential of Psium sativium L Grown on Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil
Authors: Nnaemeka Nkwocha John , K. T. Nwauche , B. A. Amadi
Published: September 2024

This study assessed the effect on citric acid on the phytoextraction of Psium sativium on heavy metals. The experiment was an outdoor experiment which was done using soil samples obtained from auto-mechanic workshop. The soil sample was analysed for the presence of heavy metals and the presence of the following heavy metals were detected in this order of concentration: Zn>Cu>Fe>Pb>Cd>Cr>Hg. The four plastic cups labeled A, B, C and D were treated with the following concentrations of citric acids: 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5g/kg of citric acid. The plants were allowed to grow for twenty (20) days before they were harvested. The harvested plants were air- dried. The biomass and the length of the root and shoot of the dried plant sample were obtained by weighing with a chemical balance and measuring tape respectively. The heavy metal bioaccumulation of the root and shoot of Psium sativium obtained from plastic cup without citric acid was estimated and the following heavy metals were detected in the root and shoot: mercury, chromium, cadmium, zinc, copper, iron, and lead. There was an increase in the biomass and length of the dried root and shoot of Psium sativium that were planted on soil sample treated with 0.5 g/kg and 1.0 g/kg citric acid but an increase in the concentration of citric acid to 1.5 g/kg decreased the biomass and length of root and shoot when compared with Psium sativium that was planted on soil sample that was not treated with citric acid. The application of citric acid increased uptake of chromium, cadmium, zinc, copper, iron, and lead by the root and shoot of Psium sativium in this order of increasing citric acid concentration: 1.5 g/kg> 1.0 g/kg> 0.5 g/kg while 1.5 g/kg concentration of citric acid reduced the heavy metal uptake by the root and the shoot. The bioconcentration factor for all the heavy metals that were analyzed increased with an increase in citric acid concentration except for mercury that had a reduced bioconcentration factor at citric acid concentration of 1.5g/kg. The traslocation factor of Psium sativium for copper, zinc and iron increased with an increase in citric acid concentration. Psium sativium had the least translocation factor for cadmium and highest translocation factor for chromium at varying concentration of citric acids when compared with other heavy metals. The result of this study shows that Psium sativium is an effective phytoremediation agent of some heavy metals. The study also shows that the application of citric acid could be a useful agent in increasing the phytoextraction of heavy metals from contaminated soil by Psium sativium plants.
Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil Properties and Kala Namak Rice Yield in Central Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Veerendra , Kumar Ravindra , Kumar Anil , Panday S.B. , Sharma Sanjeev , Kumar Kaushal , Siddiqui M. Z. , Yadav Abhishek Singh , Yadav Sanjay , Patel Krishna Kumar
Published: September 2024

The experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2022 and 2023 at Student’s Instructional Farm (S.I.F), C.S.A. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur Nagar (U.P.). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with eleven treatments each replicated thrice. The soil physical properties i.e. bulk density, particle density and chemical properties i.e. pH, electric conductivity, organic carbon were recorded in study. The bulk density of different treatment found between 1.31 to 1.38 g cm-3 during first year and 1.31 to 1.39 g cm-3 during second year of study and particle density was found between 2.59 to 2.67 g cm-3 during first year and 2.59 to 2.66 g cm-3 during second year of study. The pH led between 8.16 to 8.03 in first year and 8.13 to 8.01 during second year, and an electrical conductivity (EC) led from 0.447 to 0.427 dSm-1 and 0.457 to 0.417 dSm-1 during first and second year of experiment. The treatment combination of 100 % RDF + 5 ton ha-1 FYM + Zn (5 kg ha-1) + BGA (10 kg ha-1) have best results in respect to soil physical and chemical properties. The highest yields of grain (28.40 q ha-1 and 29.28 q ha-1) and straw (52.50 q ha-1 and 54.12 q ha-1) were achieved in the first and second years, respectively. The treatment that resulted in the highest yields of grain and straw was 100% RDF + 5 ton ha-1 FYM + Zn (5 kg ha-1) + BGA (10 kg ha-1) making it the best treatment. The next best treatment was 75 % RDF + 5 ton ha-1 FYM + Zn (5 kg ha-1) + BGA (10 kg ha-1).
Effect of Hydrothermal and Non Thermal Treatments on Nutritional and Functional Properties of Pearl Millet Grain and Flour
Authors: Gnananethri C. J. , Jahan Afifa , Kuna Aparna , Kumar M V Nagesh
Published: September 2024

Aim: To investigate the effect of hydrothermal and non-thermal treatments on functional and nutritional properties of pearl millet grain and flour. Storage of produced grains and flour is one of the most crucial parts. Therefore, the development of innovative methods is required for the storage of millets, particularly pearl millet. This study concentrated on appropriate shelf life improving methods to raise the quality of its preservation. Consequently, to extend the pearl millet's shelf life, hydrothermal treatments as parboiling and non-thermal treatments like cold plasma and gamma radiation were used.
Study Design: Experimental design.
Methodology: Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) PBH1625 variety (whole grain, dehulled grain and dehulled flour) was subjected to hydrothermal (parboiling) and non-thermal treatments (cold plasma and gamma radiation). Subsequently the samples were packed in low density polyethylene (LDPE) pouches and metalized polypropylene (MPP) stored for 90 days and analyzed for functional parameters viz. water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity and emulsifying capacity. Nutritional properties like moisture, fat, ash, protein and crude fiber.
Results: It was found that moisture content increases in all the control and treated samples among both type of packaging and the lowest was observed in whole grain exposed to gamma radiation at 0.75 kGy (10.263-12.223%) packed in MPP. The lowest Fat content ranges was observed in gamma radiated (0.75 kGy) whole grain (5.153-5.304%) packed in MPP. Highest ash content was seen in the gamma radiated (1.0 kGy) whole grain (2.004-2.017%) packed in LDPE. Similarly, highest protein content was noticed in gamma radiated (0.75 kGy) whole grain range (13.187-13.213%) packed in MPP. Crude fiber content drastically reduced in treated samples than control samples and highest was seen in the gamma radiated (0.75 kGy) whole grain (2.571-2.645%) packed in LDPE. During storage there was no significant increase in fat, ash, protein and crude fiber contents. The highest WAC was noticed in parboiled dehulled grain (1.322-1.511 g/g) packed in LDPE. Highest FC was seen in parboiled whole grain (14.790-14.903%) packed in LDPE. The highest EC was observed in the cold plasma treated (25kv for 10 mins) whole grain (45.720-45.916%) packed in LDPE. The highest OAC was noticed in the cold plasma treated (30kv for 10 mins) whole grain (1.377-1.446 g/g) packed in LDPE.
Effects of Ovariectomy on the Structure of the Periodontium and Root Resorption During Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats
Authors: Pasa Adriana Paula Batista da Costa , Brandão Hellen Cristina Budel , Busato Mauro Carlos Agner , Porto Elaine Manoela , Amorim João Paulo de Arruda
Published: September 2024

Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ovariectomy on the histological structure of periodontal tissues and the extent of root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement in rats.
Study Design: This was an experimental research study.
Methodology: A total of 24 rats Wistar were divided into four experimental groups: Group 1 (CTL) - 6 rats with no experimental procedure; Group 2 (ITM) - 6 rats subjected to induced tooth movement for 7 days; Group 3 (OVX) - 6 rats that underwent ovariectomy; Group 4 (OVX +ITM) - 6 rats subjected to both ovariectomy and induced tooth movement for 7 days. After the experimental period, the animals were euthanized, and the jaws were removed, fixed in 10% formalin, decalcified, embedded in paraplast, sectioned to 5 µm, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Morphological and morphometric analyses of the periodontal tissues, histological evaluation of the root surface and quantification of tooth movement were performed.
Results: The OVX + ITM group exhibited a higher rate of tooth movement compared to the ITM group and shower greater root resorption than all other experimental groups.
Conclusion: Induced tooth movement combined with ovariectomy results in a higher rate of tooth movement and an increased incidence of root resorption.
Assessing the Potential of Chemically Activated Crustacean Shells for Persistent Organic Pollutants Removal in Contaminated Water
Authors: Uchechi Akomah , Ify L. Nwaogazie , Onyewuchi Akaranta
Published: September 2024

Activated Carbon Samples were produced from periwinkle shells, clamshells, whelk shells, and a 1:1 composite of clam/whelk shells at a carbonization temperature of 450 °C under limited-oxygen conditions and then activated using KOH at an activation temperature of 650 °C. This produced Periwinkle, clam, whelk, and clam/whelk composite base activated carbons noted PSBAC, CSBAC, WSBAC, and CWSBAC respectively. The properties of these adsorbents were characterized by scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometry (FTIR), and physicochemical analysis. The examination indicated that CSBAC had the highest surface area at 1288 m2/g. The effect of the activated carbon dosages and contact times on the adsorption of PAHs was studied in batch adsorption experiments at a temperature of 25oC and pH of 6. The results indicated that CSBAC had the highest removal efficiency at 1g of 98.94%. The adsorption of PAHs was modeled using Langmuir, Freundlich, Henry, Elovich, and Janovich isotherms. The Freundlich and Langmuir models described the sorption equilibrium data for PSBAC, CSBAC, and CWSBAC with PSBAC having a Langmuir maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 31.688mg/g. Henry Isotherm best described the sorption equilibrium data for WSBAC. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption processes of PAHs agreed well with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. This study demonstrated that modified Crustacean shells are excellent low-cost alternatives for removing PAHs from contaminated water.
Communication Needs of Post-Graduate Engineers in Saudi Arabia: An Exploration of English Language Proficiency Requirements
Authors: Saleem Mahmoud, Salamah
Published: September 2024

English language has become the established language for academic communication, the international language for science and technology and the most reputable journals in engineering publish mainly in English language. This study investigates the English language speaking and writing functions needed by postgraduate engineers in Saudi Arabia upon joining the labor market. To this end, the researcher selected fifty experienced engineers from different engineering companies in Jeddah. The researcher prepared a few questions related to the communications needs in English language that post graduate students usually find important while dealing with other multi-nationality engineers. He also built a questionnaire for the same purpose. The findings of the study revealed that there is agreement that speaking and writing functions in English language are unavoidable and an engineer unable to communicate orally and in writing in English language is considered illiterate. This study found an urgent need for a syllabus as a remedial procedure to train fresh graduate engineers on enhancing their competence in speaking and writing in English language.
Studies on Genetic Variability, Heritability, Correlation and Path Analysis in Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
Authors: Sharma Gaurav , Singh Atar , Chand Pooran , Gangwar L.K. , Vaishali  , Ahalawat Shivani , Singh Akash Kumar
Published: September 2024

Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is an important pulse crop cultivated across Asia and other regions, valued for its high protein content and adaptability to various climates. This study aimed to assess the genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance of 11 agronomic traits in mungbean, using 10 genotypes crossed in a half-diallel design, and 45 F1 hybrids formed. Field trials were conducted in randomized block design with three replications during Kharif 2023 at the Crop Research Centre, Meerut, India. Observations were recorded for traits including plant height, pods per plant, 100-seed weight, and seed yield. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were observed for the number of pods per plant, while traits like seed yield and protein content showed moderate to low variability. Heritability was high for most traits, indicating strong genetic control, with genetic advance highest for the number of pods per plant. Genotypic correlation and path coefficient analysis revealed positive correlations between seed yield and key traits such as 100-seed weight and pod length. These findings provide valuable insights for the selection of high-yielding mungbean genotypes in breeding programs.
Identification of errors‐in‐variables systems: An asymptotic approach
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhu Yucai
Published: January 2017

This work studies the identification of errors‐in‐variables (EIV) systems. An asymptotic method (ASYM) is developed for the EIV system. Firstly, an auto regressive with exogeneous (ARX) model estimation method is proposed, which is consistent for EIV systems. Then the asymptotic variance expression of the estimated high‐order ARX model is derived, which forms the basis of the ASYM method. In parameter estimation, the ASYM starts with a high‐order ARX model estimation followed by a frequency domain weighted model reduction. The obtained model is consistent, and its efficiency needs to be investigated. Besides parameter estimation, a criterion for model order selection is proposed, which is based on frequency domain considerations, and the frequency domain error bound is established that can be used for model validation. Simulations and comparisons with other methods are used to illustrate the performance of the method.
Pseudofeeders on fetal magnetic resonance imaging predict outcome in vein of Galen malformations
Authors: Saliou Guillaume , Vraka Irène , Teglas Jean‐Paul , Senat Marie‐Victoire , Durand Philippe , Colmant Claire , Ozanne Augustin , Martinovic Jelena , Tissiere Pierre , Adamsbaum Catherine
Published: January 2017

Objective

Although vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAM) can be diagnosed in the fetus, the challenge is predicting the occurrence of its 2 major complications: cardiopulmonary failure and encephalomalacia. This study attempts to determine which fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features might be used to predict the development of these complications at birth.

Methods

The cohort was extracted from a prospectively assembled database of VGAM cases managed at a single referral center from 2000 to 2014. Of 251 patients with VGAM, 83 cases were diagnosed prenatally. A total of 58 patient charts having at least 1 fetal MRI were reviewed. Patterns of brain parenchyma, hydrocephalus, and so‐called middle cerebral artery (MCA) “pseudofeeders” were correlated with cardiac failure, pulmonary hypertension, and encephalomalacia at birth.

Results

The median gestational age at fetal MRI was 32.3 weeks of pregnancy (±2.3). Nine fetuses (16%) had encephalomalacia. Thirty‐one fetuses (53%) had MCA pseudofeeders. Twenty‐six fetuses (45%) had prenatal hydrocephalus. Prenatal MCA pseudofeeders were a risk factor for encephalomalacia at birth (p = 0.001). MCA pseudofeeders and hydrocephalus were risk factors for both severe cardiac failure (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04, respectively) and severe pulmonary hypertension (p = 0.014 and p = 0.05, respectively) at birth.

Interpretation

MCA pseudofeeders are the result of impaired cerebral blood flow, and are thus a risk factor for further brain melting at birth. Their presence can be used for informing parents and as an aid in management decisions. Ann Neurol 2017;81:278–286
Iron‐Catalyzed Mild and Selective Hydrogenative Cross‐Coupling of Nitriles and Amines To Form Secondary Aldimines
Authors: Chakraborty Subrata , Leitus Gregory , Milstein David
Published: January 2017

The first example of a base‐metal‐catalyzed homogeneous hydrogenative coupling of nitriles and amines to selectively form secondary cross‐imines is reported. The reaction is catalyzed under mild conditions by a well‐defined (iPr‐PNP)Fe(H)Br(CO) pincer pre‐catalyst and catalytic tBuOK.
Low‐Temperature Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol with a Homogeneous Cobalt Catalyst
Authors: Schneidewind Jacob , Adam Rosa , Baumann Wolfgang , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias
Published: January 2017

Herein we describe the first homogeneous non‐noble metal catalyst for the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. The catalyst is formed in situ from [Co(acac)3], Triphos, and HNTf2 and enables the reaction to be performed at 100 °C without a decrease in activity. Kinetic studies suggest an inner‐sphere mechanism, and in situ NMR and MS experiments reveal the formation of the active catalyst through slow removal of the acetylacetonate ligands.
Der cyclo‐P4‐Sandwichkomplex des Cobalts und seine Rolle bei der Bildung von Polyphosphorverbindungen
Authors: Dielmann Fabian , Timoshkin Alexey , Piesch Martin , Balázs Gábor , Scheer Manfred
Published: January 2017

Es wurde ein Syntheseweg zum Sandwichkomplex [Cp′′′Co(η4‐P4)] (2), der einen cyclo‐P4‐Liganden als Enddeck enthält, gefunden. Der Komplex 2 ist das noch fehlende Homologe in der Serie der cyclo‐Pn‐Sandwich‐Komplexe der 3d‐Elemente und zeigt eine einzigartige Neigung zur Dimerisierung in Lösung unter Bildung zweier isomerer P8‐Komplexe [(Cp′′′Co)2(μ,η4:η2:η1‐P8)] (3 und 4). Reaktivitätsstudien belegen, dass 2 und 3 mit weiteren [Cp′′′Co]‐Fragmenten reagieren und dabei [(Cp′′′Co)2(μ,η2:η2‐P2)2] (5) bzw. [(Cp′′′Co)3P8] (6) ergeben. Darüber hinaus zersetzen sich die Komplexe 2, 3 und 4 thermisch unter Bildung von 5, 6 und dem P12‐Komplex [(Cp′′′Co)3P12] (7). DFT‐Berechnungen des P4‐Aktivierungsprozesses lassen auf einen η3‐P4‐Co‐Komplex als Schlüsselzwischenstufe sowohl bei der Synthese von 2 als auch bei der Bildung größerer Polyphosphorkomplexe über einen einzigartigen Oligomerisierungsweg schließen.
Ligand‐Enabled Alkynylation of C(sp3)−H Bonds with Palladium(II) Catalysts
Authors: Fu Haiyan , Shen Peng‐Xiang , He Jian , Zhang Fanglin , Li Suhua , Wang Peng , Liu Tao , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: January 2017

The palladium(II)‐catalyzed β‐ and γ‐alkynylation of amide C(sp3)−H bonds is enabled by pyridine‐based ligands. This alkynylation reaction is compatible with substrates containing α‐tertiary or α‐quaternary carbon centers. The β‐methylene C(sp3)−H bonds of various carbocyclic rings were also successfully alkynylated.
Palladium nanoparticles decorated on reduced graphene oxide: An efficient catalyst for ligand‐ and copper‐free Sonogashira reaction at room temperature
Authors: Mahanta Abhijit , Hussain Najrul , Das Manash R. , Thakur Ashim J. , Bora Utpal
Published: January 2017

This article focuses on a room temperature copper‐free Sonagashira cross‐coupling reaction in ethanol, catalysed by palladium nanoparticles homogeneously deposited on reduced graphene oxide. The catalyst showed efficient catalytic activity towards the said coupling reaction, and was well characterized using various techniques, and could be reused up to six times with almost constant yield of the desired product. The attractions of this protocol are that the reaction completes within short reaction time under ligand‐ and copper‐free conditions and it avoids harsh reaction conditions.
Chiral Amplification by Self‐Assembly of Neutral Luminescent Platinum(II) Complexes
Authors: Aliprandi Alessandro , Croisetu Christelle M. , Mauro Matteo , Cola Luisa De
Published: January 2017

Two novel enantiomerically pure chiral ligands and the corresponding neutral PtII complexes have been synthetized and characterized. The self‐assembly properties of the complexes have been investigated using different morphological and photophysical techniques. The two enantiomeric complexes, 4 a and 4 b, show high tendency to self‐assemble into chiral supramolecular aggregates with right (P) and left‐handed (M) helical configurations, respectively, as proven by SEM and absorption circular dichroism. The formation of such organized structures is driven by the formation of metallophilic and π–π interactions between spatially close Pt complexes with an enhancement of the chiro‐optical properties in the solid state.
Three‐Dimensional MoS2@CNT/RGO Network Composites for High‐Performance Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Shouzhi , Zhu Jiayan , Shao Yongliang , Li Weiran , Wu Yongzhong , Zhang Lei , Hao Xiaopeng
Published: January 2017

Two‐dimensional atomically thick materials, reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) have been investigated as potential novel energy storage materials because of their distinct physicochemical properties. These materials suffer, however, from rapid capacity decay and low rate capability. This study describes a facile, binder‐free approach to fabricate large‐scale, 3D network structured MoS2@carbon nanotube (CNT)/RGO composites for application in flexible supercapacitor devices. The as‐obtained composites possess a hierarchical porosity, and an interconnected framework. The electrochemical supercapacitive measurements of the MoS2@CNT/RGO electrode show a high specific capacitance of 129 mF cm−2 at 0.1 mA cm−2. The symmetric supercapacitor devices based on the as‐obtained composites exhibit a long lifetime (94.7 % capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles), and a high electrochemical performance (29.7 mF cm−2). The present experimental findings will lead to scalable, binder‐free synthesis of MoS2@CNT/RGO hybrid electrodes, with enhanced, flexible, supercapacitive performance, in portable and wearable energy storage devices.