bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Labor Market Structure of Transportation Sector in Indonesia: Digital Economy, Investment, Pandemic COVID-19, Job Creation Law
Authors: Wijaya Suparna
Published: July 2021

The development of the digital economy leads to the loss of several jobs and the emergence of new jobs. It also allows labor shifting between the new jobs and the old jobs. This phenomenon could raise the potential for unabsorbed labor which will cause unemployment problems. The COVID-19 pandemic, which requires large-scale social restrictions (PSBB), has certainly affected the transportation sector. This study aims to examine the influence of the digital economy, investment, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Job Creation Law on the labor market structure of the transportation sector in Indonesia. The research method used is quantitative. The data used are the time series from January 2018 to November 2020. The results of this study indicate that the digital economy has no effect on the structure of the labor market in the transportation sector in Indonesia. Meanwhile, investment, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Job Creation Law, respectively, have a significant effect on the structure of the labor market in the transportation sector in Indonesia. The impact of investment and the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor market structure of the transportation sector in Indonesia is negative. Meanwhile, the effect of the Job Creation Law on the labor market structure of the transportation sector in Indonesia is positive. Simultaneously, the digital economy, investment, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Job Creation Law affect the labor market structure of the transportation sector in Indonesia.
Wichtiges Instrument des Klimaschutzes
Authors: Koenemann Detlef
Published: July 2021

Es zeichnet sich ab, dass ein forcierter Klimaschutz mit einem stark wachsenden Strombedarf einhergeht. Dadurch steigt die Bedeutung der Windparks, die auf dem Meer errichtet werden. Die Branche kann mit wachsender Nachfrage rechnen.
Klimaschutz mit Zusatzpotenzial
Authors: Grüneberg Charlie
Published: July 2021

Mit türkisem Wasserstoff lassen sich zwei Fliegen mit einer Klappe schlagen: Zum einen spricht seine Energieeffizienz bei der Produktion grundlastfähigen Wasserstoffs für ihn. Zum anderen zeichnet er einen Pfad vor, der vom aktuell verfügbaren Erdgas hin zu Biomethan und Biogas weist, sobald diese erneuerbaren Quellen in größerem Umfang verfügbar werden. Erzeugt wird er mittels Methanpyrolyse, die gleich eine doppelte Produktausbeute verspricht. Denn neben Wasserstoff entsteht mit festem Kohlenstoff ein weiterer wertvoller Rohstoff. Allerdings müssen bei den Herstellungsverfahren, speziell bei der Plasma-Pyrolyse, noch einige technologische Hürden beseitigt werden.
Research On Cotton Fibre For The Production Of Quality Textile Products
Authors:   Doctor Of Technical Sciences, Head Of The Department Of Standardization And Certification  Of Agricultural Prod ucts, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Shamsiddinovich Muminov Najmiddin , Muzaffarovna Alimova Zarina ,   Master Of 1st Course Of The Department Of Standardization And Certification Of Agricultural Products Of The Tashkent State Agrarian University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Ulugbekovich Vasiev Xayrulla ,   Senior Teacher, Department Of “Metrology, Standardization And Product Management Systems”, Andijan Machine-Building Institute, Andijan, Uzbekistan
Published: July 2021

The article presents the theoretical foundations of cotton and cotton fibre as the main strategic raw material for the production of quality textiles. It also highlights a brief history of the origin, properties, cultivation, collection and use of cotton. Information about the current state of the world market for the production and use of cotton. It will be argued that quality assurance is a complex problem that requires a lot of effort and responsibility on the part of all participants in the production of textile products. In addition, the methods and results of the study of quality indicators of cotton fibre - as the main raw material for textiles are presented.
The Effect Of Organic And Mineral Fertilizers On The Growth And Development Of Cotton
Authors:   Doctor Of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Nukus Branch Of Tashkent State Agrarian University Nukus, Uzbekistan, Emberdenovich Ismailov Uzaqbay , Uzaqbayevna Ismailova Aqsingul ,   Assistant, Nukus Branch Of Tashkent State Agrarian University Nukus, Uzbekistan, Elvira Satbaeva ,   Master, Nukus Branch Of Tashkent State Agrarian University Nukus, Uzbekistan, Xo’jambergenovich Maqulbaev Qudaybergan ,   Assistant, Nukus Branch Of Tashkent State Agrarian University Nukus, Uzbekistan
Published: July 2021

Experiments were conducted on studying the effects of organic and mineral fertilizers on the growth, development and productivity of cotton in saline soils of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. In practice, the annual norm of mineral fertilizer (N250 P175 K125 kg / ha) was reduced by 25% (N185 P130 K90 kg / ha) and an additional 10 and 20 t / ha of organic fertilizer was used. As a result of the experiment, when organic fertilizer was used at the amount of 20 t / ha, and mineral fertilizer was used at the amount of N185 P130 K90 kg / ha the growth, development and productivity of cotton were improved and mineral fertilizer was economized by 25%.
Factors Affecting The Health Of Organized Preschool Children
Authors:   Senior Teacher, School Of Public Health, Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan, Ulmasovna Adilova Zilolakhon , Azizova Feruza Lutpillaevna ,   Doctor Of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Vice Rector For Research And Innovation, Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the factors that effects to the health preschool children. The provided examples are taken on the circumstance of children activity in and out of school time in Uzbekistan
Today's Dental Diseases And The Causes Of Its Occurrence
Authors:   Department Of Dentistry Of Samarkand Medical Institute, Uzbekistan, Ubaydullayevich Abduvakilov Jahongir , Abdukarim O’g’li Abdurasulov Farrux ,   Clinical Intern Of The Department Of Dentistry Of Samarkand Medical Institute, Uzbekistan, Shuxratovich Shukurov Sherzod ,   Assistant Professor Of The Department Of Pediatric Dentistry Of Samarkand Medical University, Uzbekistan
Published: July 2021

This report consolidates recommendations for preventing and controlling infectious diseases and managing personnel health and safety concerns related to infection control in dental settings.
Women Managing Weapons: Perspectives for Increasing Women’s Participation in Weapons and Ammunition Management
Authors: Salama Hana , Bjertén-Günther Emma
Published: July 2021

This report explores women’s participation in the field of weapons and ammunition management, particularly their lived experiences in WAM technical roles, such as stockpile managers, armourers, ammunition and technical experts, explosive ordnance disposal specialist. The purpose is to unpack the challenges faced by these women and identify good practices for further inclusion of women in WAM. It also provides ideas for states, international organizations and disarmament stakeholders to improve gender diversity in implementation of arms control commitments, such as the UN PoA and its relevant instruments.
The metacognition of auditory distraction: Judgments about the effects of deviating and changing auditory distractors on cognitive performance
Authors: Bell Raoul , Mieth Laura , Röer Jan Philipp , Buchner Axel
Published: July 2021

The duplex-mechanism account of auditory distraction has been extended to predict that people should have metacognitive awareness of the disruptive effect of auditory deviants on cognitive performance but little to no such awareness of the disruptive effect of changing-state relative to steady-state auditory distractors. To test this prediction, we assessed different types of metacognitive judgments about the disruptive effects of auditory-deviant, changing-state, and steady-state distractor sequences on serial recall. In a questionnaire, participants read about an irrelevant-speech experiment and were asked to provide metacognitive beliefs about how serial-recall performance would be affected by the different types of distractors. Another sample of participants heard the auditory distractors before predicting how their own serial-recall performance would suffer or benefit from the distractors. After participants had experienced the disruptive effects of the distractor sequences first hand, they were asked to make episodic retrospective judgments about how they thought the distractor sequences had affected their performance. The results consistently show that people are, on average, well aware of the greater disruptive effect of deviant and changing-state relative to steady-state distractors. Irrespective of condition, prospective and retrospective judgments of distraction were poor predictors of the individual susceptibility to distraction. These findings suggest that phenomena of auditory distraction cannot be categorized in two separate classes based on metacognitive awareness.
Object-based selection in visual working memory
Authors: Lin Yin-ting , Kong Garry , Fougnie Daryl
Published: July 2021

Attentional mechanisms in perception can operate over locations, features, or objects. However, people direct attention not only towards information in the external world, but also to information maintained in working memory. To what extent do perception and memory draw on similar selection properties? Here we examined whether principles of object-based attention can also hold true in visual working memory. Experiment 1 examined whether object structure guides selection independently of spatial distance. In a memory updating task, participants encoded two rectangular bars with colored ends before updating two colors during maintenance. Memory updates were faster for two equidistant colors on the same object than on different objects. Experiment 2 examined whether selection of a single object feature spreads to other features within the same object. Participants memorized two sequentially presented Gabors, and a retro-cue indicated which object and feature dimension (color or orientation) would be most relevant to the memory test. We found stronger effects of object selection than feature selection: accuracy was higher for the uncued feature in the same object than the cued feature in the other object. Together these findings demonstrate effects of object-based attention on visual working memory, at least when object-based representations are encouraged, and suggest shared attentional mechanisms across perception and memory.
Synthesis of new pyrazolo[1,2,3]triazines by cyclative cleavage of pyrazolyltriazenes
Authors: Wippert Nicolai , Nieger Martin , Herlan Claudine , Jung Nicole , Bräse Stefan
Published: July 2021

We describe the synthesis of so far synthetically not accessible 3,6-substituted-4,6-dihydro-3H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazines as nitrogen-rich heterocycles. The target compounds were obtained in five steps, including an amidation and a cyclative cleavage reaction as key reaction steps. The introduction of two side-chains allowed a variation of the pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazine-core with commercially available building blocks, enabling the extension of the protocol to gain other derivatives straightforwardly. Attempts to synthesize 3,7-substituted-4,7-dihydro-3H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazines, the regio-isomers of the successfully gained 3,6-substituted-4,6-dihydro-3H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,2,3]-3H-triazines, were not successful under similar conditions due to the higher stability of the triazene functionality in the regio-isomeric precursors and thus the failure of the removal of the protective group.
The Anonymous Identity of Forced Migrants: A Post-Colonial Study
Authors: Hashim Rawia Mudhafar , Frak Prof.  Amal Nassar
Published: July 2021

Colonialism invades the Third World countries, physically and psychologically. This article exposes but sample of the physical and psychological consequences of colonialism. The Beekeeper of Aleppo (2019) by the British novelist, Christy Lefteri is a typical novel to diagnose the harsh circumstances of individuals within and after the disaster. Since it depicts characters from Asian countries, it would be a best representative for all Asian people who suffer colonialism. Migration toward anonymity is the mere option for the colonized people. Aftermath, they experience displacement, trauma, and the loss of identity.
Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran Mind Map Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Suhada Sitti , Bahu Karim , Amali Lanto Ningrayati
Published: July 2021

Rendahnya hasil belajar siswa dapat dikarenakan adanya beberapa faktor seperti proses pembelajaran yang berlangsung serta pemilihan metode pembelajaran. Rendahnya tingkat prestasi hasil belajar siswa juga dipengaruhi oleh siswa yang merasa bosan dalam menerima materi dan tergolong pasif di kelas. Upaya meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa ini dengan menerapkan metode pembelajaran mind map. Tujuannya adalah mengukur pengaruh metode pembelajaran mind map pada mata pelajaran komputer dan jaringan dasar terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan Quasi Experimental. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji-t dengan separated varian, menunjukkan bahwa pada taraf signifikan 0.05 dengan diperoleh Thitung 7.65 > Ttabel 1.672, maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh penggunaan metode pembelajaran mind map terhadap hasil belajar dengan hasil aspek afektif dari kedua kelas dikategorikan baik, rata-rata kelas eksperimen 76% sedangkan pada kelas kontrol 69.17.

Low learning outcomes can be caused by several factors, such as learning processes and learning methods. Another contributing factor worth considering is the student boredom and passiveness in the class. On that ground, the present study was aimed at applying a learning method called mind map method in the subject of computer and basic network; it focused on examining the extent to which the learning method contributed to the student learning outcomes. This quantitative research relied on a quasi-experimental approach. The hypothesis was examined using a t-test with separated variants. According to the result of the test, t-count (7.65) was greater than t-table (1.672), with a significance level of 0.05. In other words, H0 was refuted and H1 was accepted. This result further indicated the significance of the mind map method to the learning outcomes. It was shown that the affective aspect of the learning outcomes of both the experimental group and control group fell under a good category, with a percentage of 76% and 69.17%, respectively.
Implementasi Metode AHP-TOPSIS dalam Sistem Pendukung Rekomendasi Mahasiswa Berprestasi
Authors: Katili Moh. Zulkifli , Amali Lanto Ningrayati , Tuloli Mohamad Syafri
Published: July 2021

Menentukan mahasiswa berprestasi untuk diikutkan pada perlombaan atau untuk seleksi beasiswa merupakan masalah yang selalu dialami oleh pihak fakultas/jurusan. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dibutuhkan penggunaan aplikasi untuk membantu dalam pengambilan keputusan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang aplikasi Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK) untuk pemberian rekomendasi mahasiswa berprestasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengembangan sistem model Waterfall dan metode AHP-TOPSIS untuk penentuan kriteria data mahasiswa berupa nilai matakuliah, kegiatan yang diikuti, ataupun prestasi yang dimiliki. Untuk memastikan fungsionalitas, sistem aplikasi telah diuji melalui Uji Black-box dan White-box. Penelitian ini menghasilkan aplikasi SPK untuk pemberian rekomendasi mahasiswa berprestasi yang dapat disesuaikan dengan kriteria dan kebutuhan pihak fakultas/jurusan selaku pengguna.

Deciding which outstanding students to be enrolled in competitions or scholarships is a problem that faculties or departments always experience. Hence, an application is needed to help in the decision-making process. This research aims to design a decision support system (DSS) application to give recommendations regarding outstanding students. The Waterfall Model development method and the AHP-TOPSIS method were employed to determine the criteria for the students’ data, such as subject scores, activities being participated in, and achievements. The application system has already been tested through the Black-box and White-box tests to ensure its functionality. It resulted in a DSS application that gives recommendations about outstanding students, which may be adjusted according to the criteria and needs of the faculty/department as the users.
Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Berbasis Web Untuk Pendistribusian Gas LPG
Authors: Pena Wiki Aji Putra , Amali Lanto Ningrayati , Rohandi Manda , Setiawan Edi
Published: July 2021

Jenis gas LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) ukuran 3 kg hanya diperuntukkan bagi masyarakat miskin dan pelaku UKM, tetapi jenis gas ini juga dinikmati oleh masyarakat yang mampu dan pelaku industry. Hal ini terjadi karena tidak adanya sistem pengawasan yang terkomputerisasi mengenai pendistribusian gas LPG 3 kg yang dilakukan oleh agen dan pangkalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem informasi pendistribusian gas LPG 3 kg di PT.P(Persero) Gorontalo berbasis web. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan adalah model Prototype. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sistem aplikasi yang memberikan hak akses bagi admin untuk dapat menginputkan data yang dibutuhkan seperti data pelanggan, data pangkalan, data distribusi ke pangkalan dan data distribusi ke pelanggan. Sistem ini juga dapat mempermudah pihak agen dalam proses pendistribusian gas LPG 3 kg dan membantu PT.P(Persero) Gorontalo dalam proses pengawasan.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) in 3kg packaging is reserved actually for poor and SMEs, yet the gas is also utilized by well-off people and business owners. This occurs because of the absence of computerized surveillance systems of the gas distribution by the agent and outlet. This study aimed to develop a web-based system of 3kg Liquefied Petroleum Gas information distribution in PT.P(Persero) Gorontalo; a prototype model was used to develop the system. This research resulted in a system that provides access rights for administrators to be able to input required data, such as customer data, outlet data, outlet distribution data, and customer distribution data. The systems also help the process of 3kg Liquefied Petroleum Gas distribution and PT.P(Persero) Gorontalo in terms of the supervision process.
Felderítés és vizsgálat egy elfeledett büntetőkódex-javaslatban
Authors: László Balázs
Published: July 2021

The first act of comprehensive codification of both criminal law and criminal procedure in Hungary was the bill of Criminal Code in 1795. In the same time, the establishing of the first Criminal Code was also in progress in Transylvania. That was the bill of Criminal Code in 1811 which has not been published in Hungary or elsewhere in Hungarian so far. Considering the history of Hungary and Transylvania and comparing these two bills, we can see that they have their common roots. The Transylvanian bill of Criminal Code has a strong relation to the Hungarian legal traditions while it also has his Transylvanian legal characteristics. Furthermore, elements and affection of the old feudal law and that of the Enlightenment live together in both of the bills. On occasion of the 210th anniversary of the Transylvanian bill, it may be interesting to talk about its provisions. In this essay I analyse its provisions concerning extrajudicial procedural acts before the impeachment, the acts of investigation so to say. According to the bill, the first stage of investigation is the detection consisting of the provisions concerning indicia, denunciations and general examination. In the second stage we find the (extrajudicial) examination of suspects and preliminary examination. Further provisions concerning investigation, like those of the investigation of witnesses, can be found among the rules of judicial examination and probation. After analysing all these provisions of the Transylvanian bill of Criminal Code we can see that the acts of investigation are basically levelled at the examination and recognition of individuals and objects nowadays and also in the era of the first codifications. If we draw off the acts of investigation brought by the technical development of the previous two centuries, we mostly find the same acts of investigation today which were applied in the late 18th and the early 19th centuries. Finally, all these recognitions make it interesting to recall the forgotten elements of our legal history.
Dysfunction of Sphincter of Oddi
Authors: McGill Terrance
Published: July 2021

Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction (SOD) is a smooth muscle valve disorder regulating
the flow of biliary and pancreatic secretions into the duodenum. SOD is categorized
into three different types based on the Milwaukee classification system, with a prevalence of 1.5% in the general population. Type I patients have pain as well as abnormal liver enzymes and a dilated common bile duct. Type II SOD consists of pain and only one objective finding, and Type III consists of biliary pain only. The link between SOD and dyslipidemia is underappreciated. Increased biliary absorption of cholesterol in
the form of biliary salts can increase the excretion and ultimately result in decreased
serum cholesterol levels. It is important to consider SOD in patients with pain, elevated LFT’s and dyslipidemia despite statin therapy. In this article, a case of Type I SOD
with recurrent pancreatitis is reviewed. This patient was initially diagnosed with acute
pancreatitis secondary to hypertriglyceridemia. He had an additional episode of pancreatitis despite being on statin therapy with an improvement of triglycerides. SOD
was then diagnosed with sphincterotomy after his second admission to the hospital.
This resulted in the resolution of the patient’s symptoms and improvement of LFT’S.
Manometry has long been considered the gold standard for diagnosis; however, it is
not always available in low-resource settings. Therefore, endoscopic sphincterotomy is
being considered for diagnosis as it can be diagnostic and therapeutic.
An Unusual Presentation of Small Bowel Intussusception
Authors: Gao Yinglin , El Imad Cheikh Talal , Kim Hai Song , Gumaste Vivek
Published: July 2021

Adult small bowel intussusception is a very rare entity that accounts for 5% of all cases
of intussusception and 1%–5% of intestinal obstructions. It is more common in children
but can occur in adults. It is an important etiology to consider when a patient presents
with recurrent abdominal pain. The diagnosis can be challenging as symptoms are
nonspecific and include abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. This paper presents a
rare case of duodenal intussusception, followed by a review of the literature discussing
the diagnosis and treatment of adult intussusception.
Neurointerventional and Surgical Management of a Carotid Body Tumor: Case Report
Authors: Young Richard
Published: July 2021

Carotid body tumors are a rare type of head and neck tumor that can be safely
resected with the help of pre-operative neuro-interventional embolization. This adjunct
intervention helps reduce blood loss and to maintain a near bloodless surgical field
that allows for good visualization of surrounding neurovascular elements. With the
improvements of neuroimaging in the angiography suite and technologies surrounding
neuro-interventional procedures, the complications of this procedure have decreased
dramatically compared to what was reported in the 1980s-2000s.
Zero-metallicity Hypernova Uncovered by an Ultra-metal-poor Star in the Sculptor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy*
Authors: Skúladóttir Ása , Salvadori Stefania , Amarsi Anish M. , Tolstoy Eline , Irwin Michael J. , Hill Vanessa , Jablonka Pascale , Battaglia Giuseppina , Starkenburg Else , Massari Davide , Helmi Amina , Posti Lorenzo
Published: July 2021

Although true metal-free “Population III” stars have so far escaped discovery, their nature, and that of their supernovae, is revealed in the chemical products left behind in the next generations of stars. Here we report the detection of an ultra-metal-poor star in the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy AS0039. With [Fe/H]LTE = −4.11, it is the most metal-poor star discovered in any external galaxy thus far. Contrary to the majority of Milky Way stars at this metallicity, AS0039 is clearly not enhanced in carbon, with [C/Fe]LTE = −0.75, and A(C) = +3.60, making it the lowest detected carbon abundance in any star to date. Furthermore, it lacks α-element uniformity, having extremely low [Mg/Ca]NLTE = −0.60 and [Mg/Ti]NLTE = −0.86, in stark contrast with the near solar ratios observed in C-normal stars within the Milky Way halo. The unique abundance pattern indicates that AS0039 formed out of material that was predominantly enriched by a ∼20 M
⊙ progenitor star with an unusually high explosion energy E = 10 × 1051 erg. Therefore, star AS0039 represents some of the first observational evidence for zero-metallicity hypernovae and provides a unique opportunity to investigate the diverse nature of Population III stars.
Comprehensive leaf size traits dataset for seven plant species from digitised herbarium specimen images covering more than two centuries
Authors: Kommineni Vamsi Krishna , Tautenhahn Susanne , Baddam Pramod , Gaikwad Jitendra , Wieczorek Barbara , Triki Abdelaziz , Kattge Jens
Published: July 2021

Morphological leaf traits are frequently used to quantify, understand and predict plant and vegetation functional diversity and ecology, including environmental and climate change responses. Although morphological leaf traits are easy to measure, their coverage for characterising variation within species and across temporal scales is limited. At the same time, there are about 3100 herbaria worldwide, containing approximately 390 million plant specimens dating from the 16th to 21st century, which can potentially be used to extract morphological leaf traits. Globally, plant specimens are rapidly being digitised and images are made openly available via various biodiversity data platforms, such as iDigBio and GBIF. Based on a pilot study to identify the availability and appropriateness of herbarium specimen images for comprehensive trait data extraction, we developed a spatio-temporal dataset on intraspecific trait variability containing 128,036 morphological leaf trait measurements for seven selected species.

After scrutinising the metadata of digitised herbarium specimen images available from iDigBio and GBIF (21.9 million and 31.6 million images for Tracheophyta; accessed date December 2020), we identified approximately 10 million images potentially appropriate for our study. From the 10 million images, we selected seven species (Salix bebbiana Sarg., Alnus incana (L.) Moench, Viola canina L., Salix glauca L., Chenopodium album L., Impatiens capensis Meerb. and Solanum dulcamara L.) , which have a simple leaf shape, are well represented in space and time and have high availability of specimens per species. We downloaded 17,383 images. Out of these, we discarded 5779 images due to quality issues. We used the remaining 11,604 images to measure the area, length, width and perimeter on 32,009 individual leaf blades using the semi-automated tool TraitEx. The resulting dataset contains 128,036 trait records.

We demonstrate its comparability to trait data measured in natural environments following standard protocols by comparing trait values from the TRY database. We conclude that the herbarium specimens provide valuable information on leaf sizes. The dataset created in our study, by extracting leaf traits from the digitised herbarium specimen images of seven selected species, is a promising opportunity to improve ecological knowledge about the adaptation of size-related leaf traits to environmental changes in space and time.
Renseignement et santé
Authors: Wyrd Camille , Gruson David
Published: July 2021

La pandémie de la Covid-19 a démontré que la santé était également un enjeu pour les services de renseignement. À la fois pour suivre les évaluations et les évolutions de la crise, mais aussi pour évaluer les risques et anticiper de nouvelles épidémies dont la menace biologique reste une réalité.
Reduction of a model for sodium exchanges in kidney nephron
Authors: Marulli Marta , Miliši$\grave{\rm{c}}$ Vuk , Vauchelet Nicolas
Published: July 2021

This work deals with a mathematical analysis of sodium's transport in a tubular architecture of a kidney nephron. The nephron is modelled by two counter-current tubules. Ionic exchange occurs at the interface between the tubules and the epithelium and between the epithelium and the surrounding environment (interstitium). From a mathematical point of view, this model consists of a 5\begin{document}$ \times $\end{document}5 semi-linear hyperbolic system. In literature similar models neglect the epithelial layers. In this paper, we show rigorously that such models may be obtained by assuming that the permeabilities between lumen and epithelium are large. We show that when these permeabilities grow, solutions of the 5\begin{document}$ \times $\end{document}5 system converge to those of a reduced 3\begin{document}$ \times $\end{document}3 system without epithelial layers. The problem is defined on a bounded spacial domain with initial and boundary data. In order to show convergence, we use \begin{document}$ {{{\rm{BV}}}} $\end{document} compactness, which leads to introduce initial layers and to handle carefully the presence of lateral boundaries. We then discretize both 5\begin{document}$ \times $\end{document}5 and 3\begin{document}$ \times $\end{document}3 systems, and show numerically the same asymptotic result, for a fixed meshsize.
Bullying among adolescents: The role of skills
Authors: Sarzosa Miguel , Urzúa Sergio
Published: July 2021

Bullying cannot be tolerated as a normal social behavior portraying a child's life. This paper quantifies its negative consequences allowing for the possibility that victims and nonvictims differ in unobservable characteristics. To this end, we introduce a factor analytic model for identifying treatment effects of bullying in which latent cognitive and noncognitive skills determine victimization and multiple outcomes. We use early test scores to identify the distribution of these skills. Individual‐, classroom‐ and district‐level variables are also accounted for. Applying our method to longitudinal data from South Korea, we first show that while noncognitive skills reduce the chances of being bullied during middle school, the probability of being victimized is greater in classrooms with relatively high concentration of boys, previously self‐assessed bullies and students that come from violent families. We report bullying at age 15 has negative effects on physical and mental health outcomes at age 18. We also uncover heterogeneous effects by latent skills, from which we document positive effects on the take‐up of risky behaviors and negative effects on schooling attainment. Our findings suggest that investing in noncognitive development should guide policy efforts intended to deter this problematic behavior.
Saddle cycles: Solving rational expectations models featuring limit cycles (or chaos) using perturbation methods
Authors: Galizia Dana
Published: July 2021

Unlike linear ones, nonlinear business cycle models can generate sustained fluctuations even in the absence of shocks (e.g., via limit cycles/chaos). A popular approach to solving nonlinear models is perturbation methods. I show that, as typically implemented, these methods are incapable of finding solutions featuring limit cycles or chaos. Fundamentally, solutions are only required not to explode, while standard perturbation algorithms seek solutions that meet the stronger requirement of convergence to the steady state. I propose a modification to standard algorithms that does not impose this overly strong requirement.
Challenge-based and Competency-based Assessments in an Undergraduate Programming Course
Authors: Sidhu Gaganpreet , Srinivasan Seshasai , Muhammad Nasim
Published: July 2021

In this work, we investigate an optimal assessment strategy to measure student learning in the first-year undergraduate engineering course at X-Department at X University. Specifically, we evaluate and compare challenge-based and competency-based assessment strategies. In the challenge-based approach, the students are required to design a C++-based application that meet the required design objectives. The competency-based assessment involves assessing learning by asking a variety of pointed questions pertaining to a single or a small group of concepts. After studying the performance of 207 students, we found that in the challenge-based assessment, due to the complex nature of the questions that assess numerous concepts simultaneously, students who are not very thorough with even one or two concepts fared very poorly since they were unable to finish the challenge and present a functional prototype of the program. On the other hand, the competency-based assessment allowed for a more balanced approach in which the students’ learning was reflected more accurately by their performance in the various assessments.
Improvement of English Communication Ability with Virtual Scenes Based on Electronic Schoolbag
Authors: Hu Lingling
Published: July 2021

In the context of global integration, there is a growing need for talents who master English, the lingua franca, and excel in English communication. Therefore, an important goal of English teaching is to enhance the students’ ability to communicate in English. After analyzing the ideas and principles of applying virtual scenes based on electronic schoolbag (e-schoolbag), this paper established an e-schoolbag model with several function modules, and created virtual scenes that seamlessly connect with actual scenes. Next, a questionnaire survey was carried out on students’ English communication ability, and virtual scenes were designed based on e-schoolbag for English teaching. Finally, a comparative analysis was conducted to verify if the e-schoolbag-based virtual scenes can improve students’ ability to communicate in English. The results showed that the main problems of English teaching are the lack of diverse teaching methods, the boring teaching contents, and the overemphasis on examination; students are not good at English communication, due to the absence of a suitable linguistic environment; the e-schoolbag-based virtual scenes can provide students with a favorable linguistic environment, arouse their interests in learning English communication, and significantly improve their English communication ability.
Collaborative Problem Based Learning Integrated with Online Learning
Authors: Hendarwati Endah , Nurlaela Luthfiyah , Bachri Bachtiar Syaiful , Sa'ida Naili
Published: July 2021

The development of science and technology during the Covid-19 pandemic re-quires universities to prepare their students to have collaborative and problem-solving skills through appropriate learning today, namely, integrating learning with online technology. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of im-plementing collaborative problem-based learning (CPBL) integrated with online learning on student collaborative and problem-solving skills. The research meth-od used was quantitative with a post-test quasi-experimental design involving fourth-semester students in the Early Childhood Education Study Program, Uni-versitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, Indonesia. The effectiveness of implementing CPBL integrated with online learning was analyzed primarily using the t-independent sample test. The study results showed that the implementation of CPBL integrated with online learning effectively improved students’ collaborative and problem-solving skills. This effectiveness especially occurs when construct-ing knowledge, looking for resolution strategies, and evaluating solutions in breakout rooms and collaborative forums and zoom meetings. Meanwhile, the study results recommend that CPBL integrated with online learning can be used as a solution and an essential study for academics to keep familiarizing and prac-ticing collaborative and problem-solving skills that are relatively difficult to im-prove during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Implementing M-Learning System for Learning Mathematics Through Computer Games and Applying Neural Networks for Content Similarity Analysis of an Integrated Social Network
Authors: Juric Petar , Brkic Bakaric Marija , Matetic Maja
Published: July 2021

In order to make e-learning systems more readily available for use, the majority of new systems are being developed in a form suitable for mobile learning, i.e. m-learning. The paper puts focus on the parts of the implementation of an e-learning system which is not restricted to desktop platforms, but works equally well on smartphones and tablets in the form of m-learning. The implemented system uses educational computer games for learning Mathematics in primary schools and has an integrated social network, which is used for communication and publishing of the content related to the game. Besides analysing the platforms used for accessing the system (desktop/mobile), since students are given a choice, the paper also questions how to interpret messages when they contain concepts in student jargon or generally unknown to teachers, and shows that these messages can be interpreted by applying neural networks.
Implementation Barriers to Augmented Reality Technology in Public Services
Authors: Contreras-Espinosa Ruth S. , Blanco-M Alejandro , Eguia-Gomez Jose Luis
Published: July 2021

Technology has become an essential element in today's digital life. The way users interact with different business services is changing thanks to Augmented Reality (AR), and the use of this technology in handhelds is gaining importance nowadays. Public and private organizations cannot be left behind, and they should strive to meet the demand for interactive services with AR. Through this review, we identified four potential major barriers to AR implementation, three of which were present in actual applications. We found that these barriers were similar across areas and that they were mainly related to the technology itself rather than to user interaction. For each of the barriers, we present a list of possible solutions or enablers that can help overcome the detected limitations.
Chromate and Molybdate Inhibitors Effects on Corrosion Charateristic of API 5L Grade B in a Brine Water Solution Containing 8 % NaCl
Authors: Malau Viktor , Hakiki Wisnu
Published: July 2021

Piping systems at gathering stations in the oil and gas industries often fail due to corrosion attacks from the brine water solution containing 8% NaCl that flows through the system. This solution is highly corrosive on the API 5L grade B steel pipes, thereby shortening its lifespan, with an increase in the frequency of pipe replacements. However, the corrosion resistance of API 5L grade B pipes can be improved by using chromate and molybdate inhibitors. Therefore, the objective of this research is to improve the corrosion resistance of the steel pipes using sodium chromate (Na2CrO4) and sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4) inhibitors with concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1,0%. This research also aim to determine the optimum concentration of inhibitors to produce minimum corrosion rate, by testing the brine water solution containing 8% NaCl through the potentiodynamic polarization method. The results show that generally, the addition of sodium chromate and sodium molybdate inhibitors to the brine solution causes the steel pipes to be more resistant to corrosion. Furthermore, the sodium chromate inhibitor concentration of 0.6% produces the greatest corrosion potential of – 400 mV with the lowest rate of 0.38 mpy, while sodium molybdate concentration of 0.4% produces the highest corrosion potential of – 385 mV with the lowest rate of 0.34 mpy. The results of SEM observations at 0.4% sodium molybdate concentration showed that the corrosion inhibition/passivation effect of the inhibitor made the steel surface smoother, while the sodium chromate inhibitor at similar percentage failed to reach the optimal concentration to inhibit the corrosion process.
Stress Analysis on an Automotive Coil Spring Driven on Flat, Uphill, and Downhill Road Surfaces
Authors: Jagodang Harahap , Husaini Husaini , Putra Teuku Edisah , Schramm Dieter
Published: July 2021

This study aims to analyze the stress that occurred on the automotive coil spring made of SAE 5160 carbon steel due to various types of road surfaces. The 60-second strain signals measured on a coil spring of a car being driven on a flat, uphill, and downhill road surface were used as the loads in these dynamic analyses. The analysis results showed that the maximum stress occurred on the inside of the spring in the second coil from the top. The results of this dynamic analysis also showed that the three types of road surfaces provided almost the same stress. The downhill road surface gave the highest stress, which was 0.622 GPa, followed by flat road (0.621 GPa) and uphill road (0.62 GPa). The reasons for this are the shifting of the vehicle load to the front wheels together with the braking effect when driving downhill.
The Design of Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) Mixtures Using Aceh Quartzite Powder
Authors: Alkhaly Yulius Rief , Abdullah Abdullah , Husaini Husaini , Hasan Muttaqin
Published: July 2021

Original reactive powder concrete (RPC) consists of a large amount of cement, fine sand, crushed quartz, and silica fume, with a very dense matrix achieved by optimizing the granular packaging of the materials. This study, therefore, applied the modified Andreasen & Andersen particle-packing model using Aceh quartzite powder to design a densely compacted matrix and low cement content RPC mixtures. The research involved the preparation of two series of the mixture with different percentages of silica fume and Aceh quartzite powder and the 70.7 mm cube specimens were treated with combined steam curing and normal curing after which their compressive strength was tested at the age of 7 days and 28 days. The result showed the use of 61% local quartzite powder by weight of cement through an optimized mix design and cured treatment improves the RPC strength at any variation of silica fume.
Influence of Rubber Content on Failure Mode and Resistance Characteristics of PC/ABS Blends and their ABS Constituents under Impact
Authors: Machmud Muhammad Nizar , Omiya Masaki , Inoue Hirotsugu , Kishimoto Kikuo
Published: July 2021

This present study has been re-established to investigate failure mode and resistance characteristics of the PC/ABS blends and their ABS constituents under impact for a range of rubber contents. This present study has still been experimentally performed under an instrumented-drop weight impact test (DWIT) at a room temperature. It has been finally revealed that with a particular size of rubber particle, content of rubber significantly influenced impact failure modes and impact resistances of the PC/ABS blends and their ABS constituents as well. The test results showed that impact strength of the blends was improved about 23.22% and 155.33% due to increase in content of rubber up to 15 wt% and 20 wt%, respectively. There was also found that an increase in impact toughness of the blends for 57.48% and 239.23% was due to increase in content of rubber up to 15 wt% and 20 wt%, respectively. Whilst, impact strength of the ABS was improved about 392.98% and 190.12% due to increase in content of rubber up to 15 wt% and 20 wt%, respectively. An increase in impact toughness of the ABS for 308.20% and 172.56% was due to increase in content of rubber up to 15 wt% and 20 wt%, respectively.
Comparison of Hardness and Microstructure of Cast Wheel and Spoke Wheel Rims of Motorcycles Made of Aluminum Alloy Alloy
Authors: Husaini Husaini , Ali Nurdin , Sofian Abdillah , Muhammad Nuzan Rizki
Published: July 2021

The rim is one of the main components in a motorized vehicle system, both two and three wheels. Rim loads when used are dynamic and often even shock. This study aims to study the mechanical characteristics, especially the hardness properties of spoke wheel rims and cast wheel rims made of aluminum alloy used in motorcycles and compare the results. Hardness testing is carried out on the spoke wheel and cast wheel specimens, using the Rockwell method with an identifier of 1/16 ball and a spectrometer used for both microstructure observations. The result of the average hardness test for the spoke wheel is HRB 99.3, while for the cast wheel is HRB 76.5. From the hardness test, it can be concluded that the hardness of the spoke wheel type is higher than the cast wheel type due to the difference in the manufacturing process. Cast wheel rims can withstand a load of 3 tons (30000 N) and the value of rim tension that can be accepted until the fracture is 45.84 MPa. Meanwhile, spoke wheel rims have the ability to withstand smaller compressive loads than cast wheel rims, which are 2 tonnes (20000 N) and the rims can accept the stress of 66.04 MPa until they break.
Investigation of the Heat-Affected Zone Properties During Cladding of Power Equipment with Austenitic Materials Using Control Mechanical Impacts on the Strip Electrode
Authors: Ivanov Vitaliy , Lavrova Elena V. , Morgay Fedor , Semkiv Oleg
Published: July 2021

During cladding an austenitic layer on low-carbon and medium-alloyed steels, the properties of the heat-affected zone, along with the resistance of the surface layer to resist corrosion, largely determine the performance and durability of the surfaced product. The work is devoted to the study of the dependence of the properties of the heat-affected zone during cladding of power equipment with austenitic materials on the parameters of the control mechanical impacts on the strip electrode and determination of their optimal range, which ensures high values of the mechanical properties of the deposited layer.