bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic treatment of the Festuca marginata group (Pooideae, Poaceae) on the Iberian Peninsula (SW Europe)
Authors: LÓPEZ EUSEBIO , MARTÍNEZ-SAGARRA GLORIA , DEVESA JUAN ANTONIO
Published: September 2017

A taxonomic revision of the species of the Festuca marginata group on the Iberian Peninsula is presented. Traditionally, this group has included several taxa of Festuca sect. Festuca characterized mainly by having three strands of sclerenchyma in the leaf blade and whose delimitation is difficult. To clarify taxonomy of this group, a morphological, anatomical, chorological and ecological study was performed on 246 specimens from herbaria and wild populations, and 21 morphological and anatomical characters were studied biometrically in 72 specimens from 65 different locations. A new taxonomic treatment of the group is derived from the results of the analyses. Festuca marginata, a species distributed over the east and northeast of the territory, is recognized with two subspecies: subsp. marginata, which is widely distributed in France but has a restricted distribution in the Pyrenean area, and subsp. andres-molinae, endemic in the east and northeast of the Iberian Peninsula. Festuca lambinonii, widely distributed in the mountains of the centre, east and northeast of the territory, is also recognized. An identification key, descriptions, synonyms, distribution, phenology, and ecology data are provided for the three taxa recognized.
The status of Porella subparaphyllina J.S.Lou (Marchantiophyta, Porellaceae), a poorly known species endemic to Yunnan, China
Authors: QIAN KAI , ZHU RUI-LIANG
Published: September 2017

Porella densifolia (Stephani 1894: 214) Hattori (1944: 20) was first described based on a collection made by the Frenchman P.J.M. Delavay during his expedition to northwestern Yunnan, China. At present Porella densifolia is divided into three subspecies, P. densifolia subsp. densifolia, P. densifolia subsp. andamana Hattori (1969: 346), and P. densifolia subsp. appendiculata Stephani (1910: 301) Hattori (1969: 343) (Söderström et al. 2016). Porella subparaphyllina Lou (1987: 483) is a very rare species known only from its type locality in northwestern Yunnan. Recently we collected many fresh samples from the type localities of both P. subparaphyllina and Porella densifolia subsp. densifolia in northwestern Yunnan. Our examination of the type specimens and recent collections from type localities in Yunnan and other Chinese localities reveal that P. subparaphyllina fits well in Porella densifolia subsp. densifolia. The morphological affinity between P. subparaphyllina and P. densifolia subsp. densifolia is also confirmed by our unpublished molecular data (ITS, trnL-F and rbcL; not shown here) which show that two accessions of Porella subparaphyllina from the type locality are nested within a strongly supported clade with several accessions of typical Porella densifolia subsp. densifolia. Therefore, Porella subparaphyllina is proposed to be conspecific with P. densifolia subsp. densifolia.
Helicosporium luteosporum sp. nov. and Acanthohelicospora aurea (Tubeufiaceae, Tubeufiales) from terrestrial habitats
Authors: LU YONG-ZHONG , BOONMEE SARANYAPHAT , BHAT D. JAYARAMA , HYDE KEVIN D. , KANG JI-CHUAN
Published: September 2017

Morphological characters and molecular data are currently used to identify and confirm genotypic and phenotypic distinctions and connections in fungi. In this paper, we introduce Helicosporium luteosporum sp. nov. based on morpho-phylogenetic traits. The species is characterized by shiny yellow colonies on woody substrates, erect pigmented conidiophores with denticulate conidiogenous cells and coiled conidia. Phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU and TEF1α sequence data place H. luteosporum as a distinct lineage among other Helicosporium species. In addition, both sexual and asexual morphs of Acanthohelicospora aurea were found from different specimens and their relationship is confirmed by molecular data.
Contributions to the taxonomy of Minixi Giordani Soika and Alphamenes Van der Vecht (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae), with an identification key to the species of the latter
Authors: OLIVEIRA LETÍCIA A. DE , FERREIRA WELLINGTON D. , INEZ TIAGO G. , HERMES MARCEL G.
Published: September 2017

Males of Minixi brethesi (Bertoni, 1927) and Minixi tricoloratum (Zavattari, 1911) are described for the first time. The synonymy of Alphamenes insignis loquax Giordani Soika, 1978 under Alphamenes richardsi Giordani Soika, 1978 is proposed. A new way to separate females of Alphamenes usitatus (Fox) from similar species is presented. An updated identification key is presented for the described species of Alphamenes Van der Vecht, 1977.
A Fast Two-Stream-Like Multiple-Scattering Method for Atmospheric Characterization and Radiative Transfer
Authors: Burley Jarred L. , Fiorino Steven T. , Elmore Brannon J. , Schmidt Jaclyn E.
Published: September 2017

Multiple-scattering effects can significantly impact radiative transfer calculations for remote sensing and directed-energy applications. This study describes the development and implementation of a fast-calculating two-stream-like multiple-scattering algorithm that captures azimuthal and elevation variations into the Air Force Institute of Technology Center for Directed Energy’s Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference (LEEDR) atmospheric characterization and radiative transfer code. LEEDR is a fast-calculating, first-principles, worldwide surface-to-100-km, atmospheric characterization package for the creation of vertical profiles of temperature, pressure, water vapor content, optical turbulence, atmospheric particulates, and hydrometeors as they relate to line-by-line layer transmission and radiance from the ultraviolet to radio frequencies. The newly implemented multiple-scattering algorithm fully solves for molecular, aerosol, cloud, and precipitation single-scatter layer effects with a Mie algorithm at every atmospheric layer. A unique set of asymmetry and backscattering phase-function parameter calculations accounts for radiance loss due to the molecular and aerosol constituent reflectivity within a layer and accurately characterize diffuse layers that contribute to multiple-scattered radiances in inhomogeneous atmospheres. LEEDR is valid for spectral bands between 200-nm and radio wavelengths. Accuracy is demonstrated by comparing LEEDR results with published sky radiance observations and experimental data. Determining accurate aerosol loading via an iterative visibility/particle-count calculation method is ultimately essential to achieve agreement between observations and model results for realistic atmospheres.
Possible Effect of the Thermal Condition of the Tibetan Plateau on the Interannual Variability of the Summer Asian–Pacific Oscillation
Authors: Liu Ge , Zhao Ping , Chen Junming
Published: September 2017

The summer (June–August) Asian–Pacific Oscillation (APO), a large-scale atmospheric teleconnection pattern, is closely associated with climate anomalies over the Northern Hemisphere. Using the NOAA/CIRES twentieth-century reanalysis, the ECMWF twentieth-century atmospheric reanalysis, and the NCEP reanalysis, this study investigates the variability of the summer APO on the interannual time scale and its relationship with the thermal condition over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The results show that the interannual variability of the APO is steadily related to the summer TP surface air temperature during the last 100 years. Observation and simulation further show that a positive heating anomaly over the TP can increase the upper-tropospheric temperature and upward motion over Asia. This anomalous upward flow moves northward in the upper troposphere, and then turns and moves eastward, before finally descending over the mid- to high latitudes of the central-eastern North Pacific, concurrently accompanied by anomalous upward motion over the lower latitudes of the central-eastern North Pacific. The anomalous downward and upward motions over the central-eastern North Pacific reduce the in situ mid- and upper-tropospheric temperature, mainly through modulating condensation latent heat from precipitation and/or dry adiabatic heat, which ultimately leads to the interannual variability of the summer APO. In this process, the zonal vertical circulation over the extratropical Asian–North Pacific sector plays an important bridging role.
Two Distinctive Processes for Abnormal Spring to Summer Transition over the South China Sea
Authors: Wu Renguang , He Zhuoqi
Published: September 2017

The period from April to June signifies the transition from spring to summer over the South China Sea (SCS). The present study documents two distinct processes for abnormal spring to summer transition over the SCS. One process is related to large-scale sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Indo-Pacific region. During spring of La Niña decaying years, negative SST anomalies in the equatorial central Pacific (ECP) and the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) coexist with positive SST anomalies in the tropical western North Pacific. Negative ECP SST anomalies force an anomalous Walker circulation, negative southwestern TIO SST anomalies induce anomalous cross-equatorial flows from there, and positive tropical western North Pacific SST anomalies produce a Rossby wave–type response to the west. Together, they contribute to enhanced convection and an anomalous lower-level cyclone over the SCS, leading to an advanced transition to summer there. The other process is related to regional air–sea interactions around the Maritime Continent. Preceding positive ECP SST anomalies induce anomalous descent around the Maritime Continent, leading to SST increase in the SCS and southeast TIO. An enhanced convection region moves eastward over the south TIO during spring and reaches the area northwest of Australia in May. This enhances descent over the SCS via an anomalous cross-equatorial overturning circulation and contributes to further warming in the SCS. The SST warming in turn induces convection over the SCS, leading to an accelerated transition to summer. Analysis shows that the above two processes are equally important during 1979–2015.
Examining Polarimetric Radar Observations of Bulk Microphysical Structures and Their Relation to Vortex Kinematics in Hurricane Arthur (2014)
Authors: Didlake Anthony C. , Kumjian Matthew R.
Published: September 2017

Dual-polarization radar observations were taken of Hurricane Arthur prior to and during landfall, providing needed insight into the microphysics of tropical cyclone precipitation. A total of 30 h of data were composited and analyzed by annuli capturing storm features (eyewall, inner rainbands, and outer rainbands) and by azimuth relative to the deep-layer environmental wind shear vector. Polarimetric radar variables displayed distinct signatures indicating a transition from convective to stratiform precipitation in the downshear-right to downshear-left quadrants, which is an organization consistent with the expected kinematic asymmetry of a sheared tropical cyclone. In the downshear-right quadrant, vertical profiles of differential reflectivity ZDRand copolar correlation coefficient ρHVwere more vertically stretched within and above the melting layer at all annuli, which is attributed to convective processes. An analysis of specific differential phase KDPindicated that nonspherical ice particles had an increased presence in two layers: just above the melting level and near 8-km altitude. Here, convective updrafts generated ice particles in the lower layer, which were likely columnar crystals, and increased the available moisture in the upper layer, leading to increased planar crystal growth. A sharp transition in hydrometeor population occurred downwind in the downshear-left quadrant where ZDRand ρHVprofiles were more peaked within the melting layer. Above the melting layer, these signatures indicated reduced ice column counts and shape diversity owing to aggregation in a predominantly stratiform regime. The rainband quadrants exhibited a sharper transition compared to the eyewall quadrants owing to weaker winds and longer distances that decreased azimuthal mixing of ice hydrometeors.
Qualitative Analysis of Dairy and Powder Milk Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
Authors: Alfarraj Bader A. , Sanghapi Herve K. , Bhatt Chet R. , Yueh Fang Y. , Singh Jagdish P.
Published: September 2017

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique was used to compare various types of commercial milk products. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy spectra were investigated for the determination of the elemental composition of soy and rice milk powder, dairy milk, and lactose-free dairy milk. The analysis was performed using radiative transitions. Atomic emissions from Ca, K, Na, and Mg lines observed in LIBS spectra of dairy milk were compared. In addition, proteins and fat level in milks can be determined using molecular emissions such as CN bands. Ca concentrations were calculated to be 2.165 ± 0.203 g/L in 1% of dairy milk fat samples and 2.809 ± 0.172 g/L in 2% of dairy milk fat samples using the standard addition method (SAM) with LIBS spectra. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis methods showed that the contents of major mineral elements were higher in lactose-free dairy milk than those in dairy milk. The principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to discriminate four milk samples depending on their mineral elements concentration. In addition, proteins and fat level in dairy milks were determined using molecular emissions such as CN band. We applied partial least squares regression (PLSR) and simple linear regression (SLR) models to predict levels of milk fat in dairy milk samples. The PLSR model was successfully used to predict levels of milk fat in dairy milk sample with the relative accuracy (RA%) less than 6.62% using CN (0,0) band.
Theory and validation of the master ply concept for invariant-based stiffness of composites
Authors: Ha Sung Kyu , Cimini Carlos Alberto
Published: September 2017

The objective of this paper is to unveil the background theory behind the universal master ply assumption, based on the invariant approach, to describe ply elastic properties. It was demonstrated that using ply-based constitutive relations, trace-normalized stiffness properties can be derived for different materials. Theoretical predictions for trace-normalized parameters were plotted as functions of the unidirectional ply longitudinal modulus ( Ex), which defines the particular material system. Ply stiffness extensive empirical data were obtained from literature for four types of material systems (high modulus carbon/epoxy, standard modulus carbon/epoxy, aramid/epoxy, and glass/epoxy) and correlated quite well to theoretical predictions. Theoretical curves presented a nonlinear region for low Ex which gradually evolves to a plateau as Ex increases. It was verified that the master ply concept averaging the trace-normalized ply stiffness matrix elements can be applied for high modulus carbon/epoxy, standard modulus carbon/epoxy, and aramid/epoxy material systems. However, glass/epoxy systems can not be represented by this concept. The exposed theoretical background supports trace-based approach and enhances its effectiveness as a design tool, encompassing all the consequent advantages.
Traits of vulnerability in repetitive sexual assaults of mentally disabled people
Authors: Shaqiri Elmas , Shahu Granit , Xhemali Bledar , Vyshka Gentian
Published: September 2017

The issue of sexual abuse, assault, rape and unwanted pregnancies among mentally disabled women is largely under-reported for many reasons. Several myths prevail including that mentally disabled women offer little interest to sexual predators, together with a negative public attitude and this contributes to the problem. We report the case of a single centre in Albania, where repetitive sexual assaults were perpetrated against three mentally disabled women. Three unwanted pregnancies followed. The issue gained public attention after three criminal abortions were performed secretly with the aim of covering up the story. Charges were raised against the director of the centre and an employee from the nursing staff. Proceedings are still ongoing. We discuss some details from the forensic investigation and consider several systemic weaknesses that have exposed this vulnerable target group to the risk of being severely and repetitively abused. We believe greater staff awareness, and a better medical and legal framework, are indispensable to deter further offences especially where facilities are under-resourced as here.
Music Education, Inc.
Authors: Overland Corin T.
Published: September 2017

Today’s students live in the center of a rich, interconnected system of public, philanthropic, and for-profit entities that support the act of music teaching and learning. Students are not limited to the kinds of musical instruction available to them in their schools. Provided they have the means and the access, the musically curious can supplement or supplant their in-school musical lives with extracurricular and cocurricular activities, private studio lessons, community ensembles, or religious services. The for-profit music education industry in particular has grown in popularity and commercial success since the global recession, encouraged in part by what appears to be an increasing demand for instruction in popular genres that is not being met in the public schools. Corporate entities that sell music instruction have reached unprecedented levels of cultural saturation and student interest. With their successes have come a number of new teaching models, philosophies, and innovative ways for students to engage with music. However, these experiences may come at a cost, particularly to equal access by disadvantaged populations who might not be able to pay for said services. This article examines the popular music education (PME) franchise and its budding relationship with public school music education.
Peer Support Services for Bereaved Survivors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bartone Paul T. , Bartone Jocelyn V. , Violanti John M. , Gileno Zaneta M.
Published: September 2017

This systematic literature review assesses the evidence regarding benefits of peer support services for bereaved survivors of sudden or unexpected death. Reports were included that addressed peer support services for adults who experienced death of a family member, close friend, or coworker. Of the 32 studies meeting all inclusion criteria, most showed evidence that peer support was helpful to bereaved survivors, reducing grief symptoms and increasing well-being and personal growth. Studies also showed benefits to providers of peer support, including increased personal growth and positive meaning in life. Several studies addressed the growing trend of Internet-based peer support programs, finding that these are beneficial in part due to their easy accessibility. Peer support appears to be especially valuable for survivors of suicide loss, a result that may be related to stigma and lack of support from family and friends experienced by many suicide survivors. The reviewed studies provide consistent evidence that peer support is beneficial to bereaved survivors.
Contested framings of urban qualities: Dis/qualifications of value in urban development controversies
Authors: Metzger Jonathan , Wiberg Sofia
Published: September 2017

What makes a place what it is? What makes it valuable? Questions of this type inevitably relate to practices that articulate urban qualities. This paper investigates the processes and practices through which urban qualities are dis/qualified in urban development processes. Such practices frequently tend to focus on particular urban areas and their development, where some concrete and specific situated value is sensed to be at stake, and therefore often come to play out as struggles over the definition of the supposed ‘essence’ of a particular place, and with this, its qualities and value. The paper brings together the literatures of valuation studies and discussions of framing practices in relation to urban development. Drawing upon these theoretical groundings it conceptualises the dis/qualification of urban qualities as a form of ontological politics which articulates value by way of framing practices. Through the analysis of an empirical case drawn from a Swedish context it is argued that although values and qualities can be negotiated, it is nonetheless always highly uncertain to which degree value-negotiations will hold steady further downstream in the urban development process.
Moving Beyond Academics
Authors: Zaff Jonathan F. , Malone Thomas
Published: September 2017

The U.S. high school dropout rate continues to decline. Possible reasons for this decline include stronger academic standards, persistent state and district actions, and implementation of programs to help disconnected youth reconnect to educational opportunities. In the current study, we propose a complementary hypothesis for rate improvements: adult capacity. When adults nurture, socialize, and teach youth, youth are more likely to achieve academic and life success. Likewise, neighborhoods need enough adults to provide these relationships. Using the Decennial Census data (1970-2010), we examined whether an increase in the adult-to-youth ratio in a neighborhood covaries with a reduction in the status dropout rate. We find that a 1% increase in the ratio is associated with a 1% decrease in the dropout rate. The effect is substantially greater in predominantly Black or African American neighborhoods and higher income neighborhoods. Policy implications are discussed, specifically how the adult-to-youth ratio could be increased.
When Size Matters: Sensitivity to Missed Opportunity Size Increases With Stronger Assessment
Authors: Mathmann Frank , Higgins E. Tory , Chylinski Mathew , de Ruyter Ko
Published: September 2017

This research shows that the strength of assessment orientation, defined as the “aspect of self-regulation concerned with critically evaluating entities or states,” increases a person’s sensitivity to the size of a missed opportunity. Study 1 revealed that the experimental induction of an assessment orientation reduced the likelihood to act on a present offer after missing out on a large opportunity. Following a small missed opportunity, on the contrary, seizing the present offer was more likely. Studies 2 and 3 generalized this effect to chronic assessment orientations. In Study 4, the findings were replicated in a field study, which also demonstrated that differential value judgments explain assessors’ sensitivity to the size of a missed opportunity.
Surgeon‐Performed Ultrasound for Chronic Obstructive Sialadenitis Helps Predict Sialendoscopic Findings and Outcomes
Authors: Larson Andrew R. , Aubin‐Pouliot Annick , Delagnes Elise , Zheng Melissa , Chang Jolie L. , Ryan William R.
Published: September 2017

Objective

To determine the accuracy of surgeon‐performed ultrasound (SP‐US) features for predicting intraoperative sialendoscopic findings and to correlate ultrasound features with short‐term symptomatic outcomes following sialendoscopy‐assisted salivary duct surgery (SASDS).

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

The practices of 2 academic sialendoscopy surgeons.

Subjects and Methods

Between February 2014 and September 2015, 82 patients with 105 symptomatic glands underwent SASDS, of whom 56 patients (75 glands) met inclusion criteria. SP‐US and sialendoscopic findings were reviewed for patients with chronic obstructive sialadenitis who underwent SASDS and who had been prospectively evaluated with the University of California–San Francisco Chronic Obstructive Sialadenitis Symptoms (COSS) questionnaire (scored 0‐100) administered preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively.

Results

The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of SP‐US for identifying sialoliths intraoperatively were 94% (33/35) and 91% (39/43), respectively. Of glands with sialoliths on SP‐US, 97% (34/35) had complete symptom resolution (COSS ≤10) after SASDS. The PPV and NPV of salivary duct dilation on SP‐US for finding a corresponding stenosis on sialendoscopy were 93% (14/15) and 50% (14/28), respectively. Nonsialolith SP‐US features with the highest PPV for complete or partial symptom resolution (COSS ≤25) following SASDS included distal duct dilation of all glands (86%; 6/7) and dilation of both distal and proximal parotid ducts (75%; 6/8).

Conclusion

SP‐US has high accuracy for ruling in and ruling out sialoliths, as well as for ruling in but not for necessarily ruling out stenosis presence and location. Ultrasound is helpful in estimating degree of short‐term symptom response following SASDS.
The impact of engaging with clients’ trauma stories
Authors: Lee Rosie
Published: September 2017

This article considers the impact on probation practitioners of exposure to, and engagement with, clients’ trauma stories. Drawing on research in related client-focused fields, the article discusses the constructivist self-development theory of vicarious traumatization and how the probation practitioner role places practitioners at risk of experiencing negative changes to their emotional well-being. Development of vicarious traumatization is discussed with reference to changes in organizational structure brought about through the Transforming Rehabilitation (TR) agenda. It is argued practitioners’ use of self-care practices, the need for effective practitioner-supervisor support systems and appropriate and trauma-focused training would all help to reduce the risk of practitioners developing vicarious traumatization.
The impact of mobile tour information services on destination travel intention
Authors: Kim Ju Yeon , Chung Namho , Ahn Kyung Mo
Published: September 2017

Information in the field of tourism is an essential element for making one’s travel a more satisfying experience. As smartphones have been activated in recent years, more and more tourism information is provided via smartphones. Therefore, tourism information providing services using smartphones, also known as mobile tour information services (MTIS), have become more important. However, questions as to which of the diverse functions of MTIS are important and how MTIS affects tourists’ intention to travel to a destination have not been sufficiently addressed. Therefore, using a structural equation model, the perceptions of 196 tourists who used MTIS in Gyeongbok Palace in South Korea were examined in this study. According to the results of the analysis, system quality, history and cultural knowledge quality, and interface design quality, which are major functions affecting MTIS, had significant effects on tourists’ continuance intention to a travel destination. In addition, this study empirically showed that as tourists’ expectations of the performance of these functions are confirmed, they form perceived usefulness and satisfaction with MTIS in forming continuance intention to a travel destination.
The choreography of a new research field: Aggregation, circulation and oscillation
Authors: Vermeulen Niki
Published: September 2017

This paper analyses how a group of researchers from different disciplines has been able to form creative collaborative spaces to model life together. Making mathematical models of life is a new way of creating biological knowledge – called systems biology – that ultimately aims to revolutionise medicine, by making it more effective through personalisation. By conceptualizing this interdisciplinary effort to create a new research field as a Scientific/Intellectual Movement, I analyse the entanglement of epistemic and social transformations, discussing how systems biology moved from the periphery towards the center of biology. Thereby, I am turning the focus on the spatial dimensions of Scientific/Intellectual Movements. More specifically, I introduce a topological approach detailing three interrelated spatial movements: aggregation, circulation and oscillation that together constitute the choreography of systems biology. They show how some strong, dispersed, local centers have effectively raised funds to build human capacity, organisations and infrastructures, while creating international networks. Through interaction with science policy makers, a global circulation of policies took place, stimulating the building of collaborative centers for systems biology, while the ending of funding programmes is now causing fragmentation again. As such, this paper argues that the choreography of systems biology as a Scientific/Intellectual Movement exemplifies how spatial (re-)configurations are fundamental to transformations in the knowledge landscape and the institutionalization of creativity.
A systematic review and critical appraisal of gene polymorphism association studies in medication-overuse headache
Authors: Cargnin Sarah , Viana Michele , Sances Grazia , Tassorelli Cristina , Terrazzino Salvatore
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review

Medication-overuse headache is a secondary chronic headache disorder, evolving from an episodic primary headache type, caused by the frequent and excessive use of headache symptomatic drugs. While gene polymorphisms have been deeply investigated as susceptibility factors for migraine, little attention has been paid to medication-overuse headache genetics. In the present study we conducted a systematic review to identify, appraise and summarize the current findings of gene polymorphism association studies in medication-overuse headache.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed and Web of Knowledge databases of primary studies that met the diagnostic criteria for medication-overuse headache according to the temporally-relevant Classification of Headache Disorder of the International Headache Society.

Results

A total of 17 candidate gene association studies focusing on medication-overuse headache were finally included in the qualitative review. Among these, 12 studies investigated the role of common gene polymorphisms as risk factors for medication-overuse headache susceptibility, six studies focused on the relationship with clinical features of medication-overuse headache patients, and four studies evaluated their role as determinants of clinical outcomes in medication-overuse headache patients.

Conclusion

Results of single studies show a potential role of polymorphic variants of the dopaminergic gene system or of other genes related to drug-dependence pathways as susceptibility factors for disease or as determinants of monthly drug consumption, respectively. In this systematic review, we summarize the findings of gene polymorphism association studies in medication-overuse headache and discuss the methodological issues that need to be addressed in the design of future studies.
Fire risks due to unintentionally energized metal structures
Authors: Stern Michael C , O’Hern Sean C , Morse Timothy L , Bishop Justin , Kytömaa Harri
Published: September 2017

Improperly grounded electrical equipment can lead to a fire within a home. If electrical equipment in a home is not properly grounded, then an electric fault may cause metal structures (such as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning ducts, metal framing, or screws, nails, and bolts) to become energized without triggering an overcurrent protection device. Electrical connections between these energized materials and grounded objects create an unintended path to ground and can lead to prolonged self-heating that can cause ignition in combustible materials such as wood framing, cellulosic insulation, and other lightweight combustibles. Alternatively, molten metal that is capable of igniting lightweight combustibles can be ejected if the energized surface contacts a well-grounded objected. This article presents results from experiments performed to investigate conditions that cause fires as a result of stray energization of electrically conductive construction items. Resistances, types of nearby combustibles, and other factors were evaluated.
Can gases behave like explosives: Large-scale deflagration to detonation testing
Authors: Davis Scott , Engel Derek , van Wingerden Kees , Merilo Erik
Published: September 2017

A large vapor cloud explosion followed by a fire is one of the most dangerous and high consequence events that can occur at petrochemical facilities. However, one of the most devastating explosions is when a deflagration transitions to a detonation, which can travel at speeds greater than 1800 m/s and pressures greater than 18 barg. This phenomenon is called a deflagration-to-detonation transition, whereby the deflagration (flame front) continues to accelerate due to confinement or flow-induced turbulence (e.g. obstacles) and ultimately transitions at flame speeds greater than the speed of sound to a detonation. Unlike a deflagration that requires the presence of confinement or obstacles to generate high flame speeds and associated elevated overpressures, a detonation is a self-sustaining phenomenon having the shock front coupled to the combustion. Once established, the resulting detonation will continue to propagate through the vapor cloud at speeds (1800 m/s) that are of similar order as high explosives (7000–8000 m/s). While there are differences between high explosives and vapor cloud explosions (e.g. high explosives can have pressures well in excess of 100 bar), vapor cloud explosions that transition to detonations can cause significant damage due to the extremely high pressures not typically associated with gas phase explosions (>18 barg), high energy release rate per unit mass, and higher impulses due to large cloud sizes. While the likelihood of deflagration-to-detonation transitions is lower than deflagrations, they have been identified in some of the most recent large-scale explosion incidents. The consequences of deflagration-to-detonation transitions can be orders of magnitude larger than deflagrations. This article will present the results of large-scale testing conducted in a newly developed test rig of 1500 m3 gross volume involving stoichiometric, lean, and rich mixtures of propane and methane.
Reactive oxygen species trigger NF-κB-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles in A549 cells
Authors: Liang Xiao , Zhang Di , Liu Wenjia , Yan Yingjie , Zhou Fang , Wu Weidong , Yan Zhen
Published: September 2017

Inhaled zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) induce lung inflammation associated with oxidative stress. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a pivotal role in the development of lung inflammation. However, the underlying effects of the NLRP3 inflammasome on ZnO-NPs-induced inflammation remain obscure. In the present study, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 p10, and cytokines release of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 were determined after A549 cells were exposed to ZnO-NPs. The ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082, and NLRP3 inhibitor glibenclamide (GEL) were used to explore the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation-induced by ZnO-NPs. ZnO-NPs stimulation induced ROS generation and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. Similarly, the expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1 p10 and the release of IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly increased after ZnO-NPs treatment, which indicated that the NLRP3 inflammasome was activated by ZnO-NPs. Meanwhile, NAC pretreatment inhibited ZnO-NPs-induced activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome. The NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082 did not affect ROS production but significantly reduced the NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by ZnO-NPs. Furthermore, the ability of ZnO-NPs to increase the production of IL-1β and IL-18 was significantly inhibited by GEL. The ZnO-NPs induced the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in A549 cells, which might be via a ROS-NF-κB-NLRP3 signaling pathway.
Analysis of the partially closed interface crack in orthotropic materials
Authors: Penado F Ernesto
Published: September 2017

The determination of fracture parameters such as mode I and II stress intensity factors, KI and KII, is of considerable practical importance in the analysis and failure prediction of various types of structures. For example, interfacial cracks may develop and propagate in bonded joints or lead to delaminations in composite materials. The finite element method is a powerful technique for analyzing complex structures; however, the singular behavior near crack tips is poorly approximated by conventional finite elements and convergence theorems cease to be applicable at those locations. In a previous paper, a combined analytical and numerical model based on frictionless crack face contact was used to obtain fracture parameters at interfacial cracks in composite laminates in cylindrical bending and subject to transverse loads. In this article, we further consider the method and extend the previous results by considering a variety of shear and normal loads on a cracked bimaterial plate with isotropic or orthotropic materials. Furthermore, additional validation of the method is provided by comparing the results with closed form solutions in the literature for the special case of isotropic materials in a combined tensile and shear field, and good agreement is found. Overall, we conclude that the method provides a practical way to analyze a variety of engineering structures with interfacial cracks.
Precision tension control technology of composite fiber tape winding molding
Authors: Zhang Hongji , Tang Hong , Shi Yaoyao
Published: September 2017

During the composite fiber tape winding process, tension fluctuation has a serious impact on the performance parameters of winding products, such as strength, compactness, resin content, fatigue resistance, and stress uniformity. Because of the influence of dynamic performance of tension control system caused by the torque motor, external disturbance, sensitivity of the parameter variation, inverter dead zone, ripple torque, cogging torque, nonlinear friction, and measurement noise, a fuzzy proportion integral derivative (PID) controller based on robust extended Kalman filter (REKF) is proposed, which considers membership function optimization of nonlinear dynamic fuzzy control system as systematic identification through designating activated membership function of input and output variable in each control step, and then, online adjustment of the activated membership functions is used to reduce the control error by REKF. By adjusting the shape and position of membership function, the designed controller can be adapted to the dynamic conditions. Simulation and experimental results show that overall performance of the control system has been significantly improved. Compared with traditional fuzzy PID, the fuzzy PID controller based on REKF has strong anti-interference performance and robustness, and the winding tension control precision has been increased by 40–42%.
Process simulation for five-axis grinding machining using an analytical method
Authors: Guo Qiang , Zhao Bo , Jiang Yan
Published: September 2017

In order to promote manufacturing quality for sculptured surfaces, ultra-precision grinding has been used more and more widely in the fields such as aerospace and mould, etc. However, as a key aspect technology, the five-axis grinding simulation has not been paid enough attentions based on the published achievements. This paper presents an analytical method which could compute the wheel-swept surfaces based on the geometrical modelling of the machining process. Considering the tool path in the five-axis machining process, the normal and the velocity vectors for an arbitrary point on the wheel surface are computed firstly. Using the envelope theory, the point on the wheel’s surface as well as on the envelope surface can be calculated. For an arbitrary wheel’s position, the generating line of the envelope surface is obtained using fitting theory when all the sample points are known. Therefore, the sweep-surface can be gained when all the generating curves along the tool path are fitted. Finally, two examples and an example are conducted to verify the theory and the results show that the method can calculate the envelope surface with high efficiency.
Implementing area-based approaches (ABAs) in urban post-disaster contexts
Authors: Sanderson David
Published: September 2017

This paper examines area-based approaches (ABAs) in urban post-disaster contexts. After introducing the main features of ABAs, the paper discusses current practice in humanitarian response, and the need within urban areas to draw lessons from urban development approaches, from which ABAs have emerged. The paper then presents lessons from research concerning the application of ABAs in relation to phases of the project management cycle: assessment and design, implementation, and monitoring, evaluation and learning. The paper ends with a brief discussion. Overall, it argues that for ABAs to be effective, they need to draw on longstanding lessons from urban development, plan for a longer timeframe for their actions than is otherwise often the case in recovery operations, and consider the need to scale up actions for wider city application.
Bayesian treatment comparison using parametric mixture priors computed from elicited histograms
Authors: Thall Peter F , Ursino Moreno , Baudouin Véronique , Alberti Corinne , Zohar Sarah
Published: September 2017

A Bayesian methodology is proposed for constructing a parametric prior on two treatment effect parameters, based on graphical information elicited from a group of expert physicians. The motivating application is a 70-patient randomized trial to compare two treatments for idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children. The methodology relies on histograms of the treatment parameters constructed manually by each physician, applying the method of Johnson et al. (2010). For each physician, a marginal prior for each treatment parameter characterized by location and precision hyperparameters is fit to the elicited histogram. A bivariate prior is obtained by averaging the marginals over a latent physician effect distribution. An overall prior is constructed as a mixture of the individual physicians’ priors. A simulation study evaluating several versions of the methodology is presented. A framework is given for performing a sensitivity analysis of posterior inferences to prior location and precision and illustrated based on the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome trial.
Communism, Capitalism, and Images of Class: Effects of Reference Groups, Reality, and Regime in 43 Nations and 110,000 Individuals, 1987-2009
Authors: Evans M. D. R. , Kelley Jonathan
Published: September 2017

People differ vastly in perceptions of inequality, some seeing a small elite at the top of their society with a vast impoverished mass at the bottom, others a prosperous society with most people in the middle. This was found first for two nations, Australia and Communist-era Hungary. We extend these results to 43 nations and to the post-Communist era. The results support our original middle-range “reference group and reality blend” hypothesis. We extend the original findings to show that, for analogous reasons, socioeconomic development makes societies seem more egalitarian, that societies’ actual income inequality shapes perceptions, and that the collapse of Communism dramatically increased perceptions of inequality. In sharp contrast to these diverse perceptions, ideals are shared, almost everyone preferring prosperous egalitarian societies. Data are from 92 large representative national samples in 43 nations with more than 100,000 respondents, analyzed by multilevel generalized least squares (GLS) methods.
A new approach for the optimal control of time-varying delay systems with external persistent matched disturbances
Authors: Jajarmi Amin , Hajipour Mojtaba , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: September 2017

The aim of this study is to develop an efficient iterative approach for solving a class of time-delay optimal control problems with time-varying delay and external persistent disturbances. By using the internal model principle, the original time-delay model with disturbance is first converted into an augmented system without any disturbance. Then, we select a quadratic performance index for the augmented system to form an undisturbed time-delay optimal control problem. The necessary optimality conditions are then derived in terms of a two-point boundary value problem involving advance and delay arguments. Finally, a fast iterative algorithm is designed for the latter advance-delay boundary value problem. The convergence of the new iterative technique is also investigated. Numerical simulations verify that the proposed approach is efficient and provides satisfactory results.
Vertical Grants and Local Public Efficiency: The Inference-disturbing Effect of Fiscal Equalization
Authors: Bischoff Ivo , Bönisch Peter , Haug Peter , Illy Annette
Published: September 2017

The existing empirical literature on the impact of vertical grants on local public-sector efficiency yields mixed results. Given the fact that vertical financial equalization systems often reduce differences in fiscal capacity, we argue that empirical studies based on cross-sectional data may yield a positive relationship between grants and efficiency of public service production even when the underlying causal effect is not. We provide a simple illustrative theoretical model to show the logic of our argument and illustrate its relevance by an empirical case study for the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. We show that our main argument of an inference-disturbing effect applies to those existing studies that are more optimistic about the impact of vertical grants. Finally, we argue that it may disturb the inference drawn from studies in a number of other countries where vertical grants—intended or not—concentrate in fiscally weak municipalities.
Polarized shear waves in functionally graded piezoelectric material layer sandwiched between corrugated piezomagnetic layer and elastic substrate
Authors: Sahu Sanjeev A , Mondal Sonali , Dewangan Nidhi
Published: September 2017

This article investigates the propagation behaviour of horizontally polarized shear waves in a layered composite structure. In the considered model, a functionally graded piezoelectric material layer is sandwiched between corrugated piezomagnetic layer and elastic substrate. Method of separation of variables is used to obtain the displacement components in all three mediums. Dispersion relation has been established in the determinant form for the two cases, magneto-electrically open case and magneto-electrically short case. Effects of material gradient (of functionally graded piezoelectric material layer), corrugation parameters and layer width are distinctly marked and represented graphically. This study finds its application towards manufacturing and optimization of piezoelectric sensors and transducers. Also, the obtained result may be utilized for acquiring a better performance in surface acoustic wave devices.
Curating Technologies of Memory and Affect
Authors: Vivienne Son , Barnett Tully
Published: September 2017

Technologies of memory and affect are all around us. In this introduction to a special issue of Media International Australia on the theme of technologies of memory and affect, we report on the activities of year-long collaborative and interdisciplinary research programme funded by the Flinders Institute for Research in the Humanities. We offer insights into the research program, its structure and methodologies, from which some of these articles emerged, including brief description of collaborative processes and creative outputs. We include field note excerpts and selected images from the visual arts exhibition, part of the Adelaide Fringe Festival, in an effort to share the energies and embodied dynamics of the event. We summarise the six articles that form the collection and reflect upon their relationship to one another and our theme.