bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financial Big Data Based on Internet of Things and Wireless Network Communication
Authors: Xue Lingqi
Published: October 2021

With the advent of the era of big data, Internet of things technology and wireless communication technology have been in a state of rapid development. Opportunities and challenges in all walks of life are being subverted. Financial management, as the foundation of corporate governance, is important for improving economic efficiency and achieving sustainable business development which plays an important role. In order to realize the management and classification of financial big data, better identify the financial data of different enterprises, strengthen the safe storage of financial information, and provide early warning for the security issues involved, this article is based on the Internet of things and wireless communication networks. In the method part, this article introduces the framework of the Internet of things, Bluetooth, and infrared data transmission in wireless network communication and the principles of financial big data. The algorithm introduces a single‐user MIMO system, free space propagation, and spectrum and energy efficiency. The analysis part analyzes the spectrum efficiency of different algorithms, social utility, average number of retransmissions, comprehensive scores of competitiveness in various fields of the Internet of things, and the significance of financial indicators. By comparing the data, it can be seen that the algorithm in this paper is superior to the two algorithms of IAN‐CoMP and IA‐CoMP. When the number of users is 100, the social utility of the algorithm in this paper is 4.45, while IAN‐CoMP is 3.43 and IA‐CoMP is 3.67. When the number of users increases to 700, the social utility of the algorithm in this paper is 28.34. The other two algorithms are, respectively, 24.45 and 25.99, and we know that the social utility of the algorithm in this paper is the best. Through comprehensive analysis, it is concluded that the financial big data model based on the Internet of things and wireless network communication in this paper can better realize data management and collection, so as to meet the needs of information developers.
An Investigative Study of Hepatic Arterial Anomalies in a West Indian Population
Authors: Cawich Shamir O. , Sinanan Alexander , Gosein Maria , Pearce Neil , Deshpande Rahul , Mohammed Fawwaz , Naraynsingh Vijay , Fortune Maurice , Rampersad Fidel
Published: October 2021

Purpose. There are many known variations in the arterial supply to the liver. We sought to document the incidence and details of anomalies of the extrahepatic arteries in an unselected population in the West Indies. Methods. This study spanned 24 months. All 205 CT scans were evaluated at a hepatobiliary referral center in Trinidad and Tobago. We described the anomalies of the arterial supply to the liver using the conventional classification proposed by Michels. Results. 205 CT scans were evaluated, and 112 persons (54.6%) had conventional Type 1 anatomy. However, compared to the incidence in the existing medical literature, we encountered a greater incidence of replaced right hepatic arteries (18.1% vs 11%;

P
 
0.04

) and a lower incidence of accessory right hepatic arteries (2.4% vs 7%;

P
 
0.030

). Conclusion. Although 54.6% of persons in this West Indian population have conventional hepatic arterial supply, the distribution of anatomic variants of the right hepatic artery is quite different to that seen in North American and European centers. We found a higher incidence of replaced right hepatic arteries and a lower incidence of accessory right hepatic arteries.
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Different Doses of Linaclotide for Patients with Chronic Constipation: A Meta-Analysis and Bayesian Analysis
Authors: Yang Jiao , Lei YanChang
Published: October 2021

Background. It is ambiguous whether a higher dose of linaclotide provides higher efficacy for chronic constipation (CC) patients. The meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of linaclotide doses ranging from 62.5 μg to 600 μg for CC patients. Methods. A comprehensive search was conducted, and STATA16 software was used for data analysis. Results. Seven studies with 4,107 patients were eligible. A significantly enhanced number of completely spontaneous bowel movement (CSBM) responders were found in the extremely low-dose group (OR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.98–4.34;

p
<
0.001

), the low-dose group (OR: 3.24; 95% CI: 2.44–4.31;

p
<
0.001

), the medium-dose group (OR: 3.08; 95% CI: 1.46–6.50;

p
=
0.003

), and high-dose group (OR: 4.79; 95% CI: 3.04–7.54;

p
<
0.001

). Bayesian analysis showed the high-dose group obtained the maximum CSBM responder rate (OR: 4.94; 95% credible interval (CrI): 3.22–7.79; probability rank = 0.87) indirectly compared with extremely low-dose, low-dose, and medium-dose groups. However, no significant difference presented in the CSBM responder rate by pairwise comparisons of the different dose groups. Additionally, no more any adverse events occurred in the higher linaclotide dose group (RR: 0.91; 95% CrI: 0.60–1.38) indirectly compared with other dose groups. Conclusions. High dose of linaclotide could be more effective and safer for CC patients, which need more trials to confirm in the future.
Protective Effect of Effective Components of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt on Retinopathy of db/db Diabetic Mice
Authors: Hui Li , Tao Yang , Xinmin Mao
Published: October 2021

Objective. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the main diabetic microvascular complications in clinical practice, which features a complicated mechanism and insignificant efficacy. Therefore, it is urgent to find effective drugs. Xinjiang Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt is a rare alpine wild plant with unique effects and extremely high medicinal value. Preliminary studies have shown that it can reduce elevated blood sugar, unhealthy lipids, and antioxidants. This study was intended to investigate the protective effect of the effective components of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt on the retinopathy of db/db diabetic mice and provide experimental basis for exploring the efficacy of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt and the development of new drugs for the treatment of DR. Method. The db/db diabetic mouse models were used, and the effective components of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt were obtained from Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt using macroporous resin enrichment method after alcohol extraction. These mice were divided into the normal group, model group, and high-dose Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt groups, the positive drug metformin group, and the metformin and Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt combination group. After these db/db type 2 diabetes mouse models were intervened for 10 weeks, their weight, blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum MDA, SOD, and other indicators of each group were tested, and the expression changes of VEGF, ICAM1, PEDF, Bcl-2 in mouse retina were observed by immunohistochemistry method. Result. The effective components of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt were obtained using macroporous resin enrichment method after alcohol extraction, which were mainly comprised of chlorogenic acid, flavone mariside, mariside, dicaffeoyl quinic acid, and flavone oxanine, with a total content of 532.82 mg/g, and the total flavonoid content of 330 mg/g. The effective components of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt significantly reduced blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin and improved oxidative stress levels in db/db diabetic mice. Meanwhile, they reduced the expression of VEGF and ICAM1 in retinopathy and increased the expression of Bcl-2 and PEDF. The combination of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt and metformin has the most significant effect. Conclusion. Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt can prevent and treat early diabetic retinopathy by affecting the expression of retinopathy-related factors.
Is Cardiomegaly an Indication of “Heart-Sparing Effect” in Small Fetuses?
Authors: Salvi Silvia , D’Emidio Laura , Roughton Michael , De Carolis Sara , Lanzone Antonio , Bhide Amar , Carvalho Julene S.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: This study aimed to test the hypothesis that cardiac size is maintained in small fetuses presenting with cardiomegaly. Materials and Methods: We identified singleton fetuses with estimated fetal weight <10th centile and with cardiomegaly without another more likely cardiac or extra-cardiac cause. We used Z-scores for cardiac and thoracic circumferences normalized for gestational age (GA), biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), and femur length (FL), obtained from 188 normally grown fetuses. Results: When comparing chest size, small fetuses had significantly lower thoracic circumferences median Z-scores (IQR) for GA = −4.82 (−6.15 to −3.51), BPD = −2.42 (−4.04 to −1.48), HC = −2.72 (−4.53 to −1.90), and FL = −1.60 (−2.87 to −0.71); p < 0.001 for all. When comparing heart size, small fetuses showed lower cardiac circumferences median Z-scores (IQR) for GA = −1.59 (−2.79 to −0.16); p < 0.001, similar cardiac circumferences Z-scores for BPD = 0.29 (−0.65 to 1.28); p = 0.284 and HC = 0.11 (−1.13 to 0.96); p = 0.953, and higher cardiac circumferences Z-scores for FL = 0.94 (−0.05 to 2.13); p < 0.001. Conclusions: Our results show that in small fetuses with cardiomegaly, the heart maintains normal dimensions when normalized to cranial diameters and higher dimensions when normalized to long bones. This provides insight into cardiac adaptation to adverse intrauterine environment.
Pulse Wave Velocity, Central Haemodynamic Parameters, and Markers of Kidney Function in Children
Authors: Marčun Varda Nataša , Močnik Mirjam
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Studies in adults have demonstrated the association between mildly decreased kidney function or even normal values of markers of kidney function to pulse wave velocity (PWV), a measure of arterial stiffness and a predictor of cardiovascular events. Our study aimed to evaluate associations between markers of CKD, PWV, and central haemodynamic parameters in children and adolescents at risk of subclinical kidney damage. Methods: 182 children and adolescents with hypertension, obesity, or hypercholesterolaemia (risk factors for subclinical kidney damage) were included in the study. The subjects were subdivided into 4 groups comprising children and adolescents with hypertension (group 1), obesity (group 2), hypercholesterolaemia (group 3), and a group with a combination of risk factors, such as obesity-related hypertension and metabolic syndrome (group 4). The study groups were compared to a group of healthy controls (group 5). PWV was measured by applanation tonometry (SphygmoCor, SCOR-Vx, Sydney, NSW, Australia) and laboratory parameters (serum creatinine, serum cystatin C, and microalbuminuria) were collected. Results: Pearson’s correlation coefficient demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between PWV and serum creatinine in group of all subjects (r = 0.220, p = 0.002). Further subdivision showed the correlation was significant in group 4 (r = 0.370, p = 0.002). In group 2 a correlation between PWV and cystatin C was found (r = −0.535, p = 0.009). In multiple regression analysis of all subjects with PWV as the dependent variable, age and diastolic blood pressure were statistically significant. Correlations between markers of kidney function and central haemodynamic parameters also showed significant correlations between serum creatinine and heart rate (HR) (r = −0.476, p < 0.001) as well as associated parameters (augmentation index, standardized at HR 75/min, ejection duration, and subendocardial viability ratio). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated a correlation between serum creatinine and PWV in children with combined risk factors for atherosclerosis and probable subclinical kidney damage. Further prospective research is needed to confirm the findings, and thus the preventive role of PWV determination in paediatric nephrology.
Equivocal Longitudinal Melanonychia in a 3-Year-Old Caucasian Girl: Rapid Evolution and Fading during Digital Dermoscopy Follow-Up
Authors: Tsiogka Aikaterini , Laimer Martin , Rigopoulos Dimitrios , Ahlgrimm-Siess Verena
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Nail matrix nevi (NMN) in pediatric patients manifest as longitudinal melanonychia (LM) and can share clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological characteristics with subungual melanoma. Equivocal findings in childhood LM may reflect dynamic processes during the natural life cycle of NMN in children. Case Presentation: We present a case of a heavily pigmented LM with equivocal clinical and dermoscopic findings in a 3-year-old Caucasian girl, which exhibited signs of evolution, maturation, and almost complete involution within a short time period during digital follow-up, attributed to the natural course of NMN. Discussion/Conclusion: Considering the rarity of subungual melanoma in childhood, our case underlines the significance of clinical and digital dermoscopy follow-up in the evaluation of childhood LM in order to avoid unnecessary biopsies and potential permanent nail dystrophy.
One-Year Course of Olanzapine-Induced Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Case Report
Authors: Adhoni Mohammed Zain Ulabedin , Assadi Roomiyah Riyaz , Abbas Saira
Published: October 2021

Second-generation antipsychotics, despite being highly effective, are among the drugs known to cause insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, eventually leading to diabetes mellitus and less commonly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Here, we present the case of a 21-year-old male, who was not previously known to have any comorbid factors but presented with DKA 1 year and 9 months after beginning treatment with olanzapine for an unspecified psychotic disorder requiring hospital admission and the resolution of the same following discontinuation of the drug. Our case report emphasizes the need for regular screening of patients requiring diabetogenic drugs, so that early identification of possible side effects can be noted and averted.
O conceito de comunidade discursiva e as convergências com a Terminologia
Authors: Braz Márcia Ivo , Silva Severino Carlos da
Published: October 2021

Partindo do conceito de comunidade discursiva, desenvolvido por Swales (1990), incorporado nos estudos voltados para a Terminologia, Lexicografia e linguagens de especialidade, o objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a ocorrência do conceito da referida comunidade e sua influência em investigações de Terminologia. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa nas bases de dados internacionais Web of Science e Library & Information Science Abstracts (LISA) e nas bases de dados nacionais BDTD e BRAPCI, cujos resultados recuperados foram analisados individualmente. A análise dos artigos revelou que os elementos das comunidades discursivas, apontadas por Swales, correspondem às considerações tecidas pelos autores e são utilizados nos estudos terminológicos aqui relacionados. Nos trabalhos produzidos no Brasil, o autor é bastante relevante, sendo a base direta e indireta nas pesquisas; nos artigos internacionais, os conceitos se aproximam do ponto de vista de Swales, porém, este estudioso não é citado diretamente como referência. Dessa forma, desenvolve-se uma discussão relacionando as características de comunidade discursiva no que tange aos apontamentos encontrados nos artigos, teses e dissertações. Por fim, considera que o estudo das teorias conexas aos gêneros textuais e discursivos necessita compor a pauta das investigações voltadas à Terminologia, uma vez que o campo dos dicionários e ferramentas que representam os léxicos especializados são recortes de estruturas profissionais que compartilham consenso e objetivos comuns, assim como formas próprias de comunicação entre os pares (incluindo gêneros e léxico específicos), onde o domínio de conteúdo relevante e a experiência discursiva são fatores de diferenciação entre os próprios membros, sendo, portanto, as linguagens de especialidade uma das características das comunidades discursivas.
O efeito da Linguística de Corpus na formulação de material didático e na promoção de output significativo em aulas de italiano/LE
Authors: Frangiotti Graziele Altino
Published: October 2021

Diante do ainda pequeno número de trabalhos sobre os efeitos da Linguística de Corpus no ensino de italiano como língua estrangeira, o presente estudo busca descrever o funcionamento e os resultados de uma investigação empírica conduzida durante um curso voltado para aprendizes brasileiros adultos. Por meio das transcrições dos diálogos gravados durante a execução de tarefas realizadas em duplas/trios, foi possível diagnosticar o papel desempenhado por dados e material didático provenientes de corpora como uma ferramenta capaz de impulsionar processos associados à aprendizagem.
Características do texto traduzido na obra de Conan Doyle: um estudo baseado em Linguística de Corpus
Authors: Oliveira Natalyany Nunes , Silva Nilson Roberto Barros da
Published: October 2021

Para Baker (1996), existem características comuns aos textos traduzidos (TT) independentes das línguas fonte e alvo e que podem ser percebidas com o auxílio da Linguística de Corpus (LC), duas delas são: explicitação, na qual ideias implícitas no texto fonte (TF) são explicadas no TT; e simplificação, por meio da qual o TT é simplificado para facilitar a compreensão do leitor. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar, com base em LC, a presença dessas características na tradução da obra de Conan Doyle para o português. Para isso, com o auxílio do software AntConc, 100 linhas de concordância do TF foram analisadas e um exemplo de cada característica foi detalhado neste trabalho. A análise do corpus nos permitiu perceber que há, de fato, a presença da explicitação e da simplificação no TT, nos moldes do que discute Baker (1996), sendo a segunda mais perceptível do que a primeira.
Do-it-Yourself Corpora: what are they and who are they for?
Authors: Carvalho Carolina Tavares de , Laranja Luana Aparecida Nazzi , Pinto Paula Tavares
Published: October 2021

The use of corpora in translation, teaching, and academic writing has been increasing significantly over the last years. Do-it-yourself (DIY) corpora are particularly useful to those areas. This paper presents a theoretical review and discusses the use of DIY corpora in translation, in language teaching, and in academic writing. Evidence shows that, with the aid of computational tools, DIY corpora provide translators with better options for translating texts and extracting terminology. At the same time, it can be a resourceful tool for teachers planning their language for general or specific purposes classes, or for researchers who aim to observe the structure and language patterns of their own areas of research.  The studies described show that DIY corpora are resourceful tools that can be used in different but correlated contexts.
Inclusive and exclusive identities and contacts: the role of values and status of ethnic group
Authors: Lepshokova Zarina Kh.
Published: October 2021

Background. Identity and contacts are often studied from the perspective of inherent conflict potential for intergroup relations leading to prejudice and exclusion in societies which contain groups with different ethnic status. Nonetheless, there are certain identification and interaction mechanisms that can potentially mitigate or cancel these harmful effects. These comprise inclusive contacts and identities, in particular the positive inclusive identities, which allow to unite the representatives of different groups. It is important to find out what determines these identities and contacts. Schwartz’s theory of individual values has great potential for explaining the personality determinants of identities positivity and the intensity of contacts. Objective. The aim of the study was to examine the role of individual values and status of ethnic group in assessing the positivity of exclusive and inclusive identities, as well as in the intensity of exclusive and inclusive contacts among members of ethnic majority and minority groups. Design. The study was conducted on a sample of an ethnic minority (Russians living in the North Caucasus) and on a sample of an ethnic majority (Russians living in Moscow). The total sample size is = 499 respondents. The individual values were measured using a portrait value questionnaire – PVQ-R (Schwartz et al., 2012); positivity of ethnic identity, positivity of civic identity, positivity of regional identity, intercultural contacts, monocultural contacts were measured using the appropriate methods from the questionnaire of the MIRIPS project (Mutual intercultural relations in plural societies) (Berry, 2017). Results. The study found that (1) the values of Conservation underlie the positivity of exclusive ethnic and inclusive civic identities among members of the ethnic majority, (2) values of Openness to Change underlie exclusive monocultural contacts among ethnic minority and majority members, (3) values of Self-Enhancement underlie inclusive intercultural contacts among members of the ethnic minority. Conclusion. The results of this study revealed the motivational foundations of exclusive monocultural and inclusive intercultural friendship, which were based on the values of personal focus among the Russian ethnic minority and majority members. At the same time, the values of social focus turned out to underlie the positivity of the exclusive ethnic Russian and inclusive civic Russian identity among the ethnic Russian majority members. The research results have a wide potential for further theoretical and practical application in the field of intercultural relations and their harmonization.
THE PHENOMENON OF ORDINARY SADISM
Authors: Atadzhykova Julia A. , Enikolopov Sergey N.
Published: October 2021

Background. Currently, foreign researchers are actively developing the notion of “ordinary sadism”, and a new concept of ‘everyday sadism’ is being developed. The study of the proposed subclinical form of sadism makes a significant contribution to the study of “dark” personality traits united in the concept of the Dark Triad, as well as related phenomena such as aggression, antisocial behavior, cruelty, etc. The active development of tools for measuring sadistic traits makes it possible to study both the external manifestations of sadism and its fundamental mechanisms. Objective. The review of the modern Russian and foreign studies in the field of everyday sadism and its link with some relevant phenomena. Design. An analysis of current research on modern ideas about the new formalization of the phenomenon of sadism and an overview of the main English-language tools for measuring sadistic traits. Results. The phenomenon of sadism has been in the focus of attention of researchers for many decades and has been conceptualized in various forms: from impairment disorders to personality disorders. Today, the term “ordinary sadism” is increasingly used, revealing the meaning of sadistic traits outside the clinical context. A large number of studies show the legitimacy of the existence of this construct. Its forms and external manifestations (direct / indirect, verbal / non-verbal sadism) are being actively studied. Possible psychological mechanisms of manifestation of sadism in everyday life and its connection with other relevant phenomena (aggression, types of affect, etc.) are being investigated. The question of potential inclusion of everyday sadism in the Dark triad of personality traits occupies a central place in the scientific debate. Furthermore, several valid measures of sadistic traits have been developed, some of which also allow the analysis of the structure of this phenomenon. Conclusion. The social relevance of everyday sadism determines the interest of many researchers in the study of its outward manifestations as well as its psychological mechanisms. The development and/or adaptation of the measure of sadistic tendencies is bound to open new ways of studying not only sadism per se, but also various related phenomena (e.g., dark personality traits, aggression, antisocial behavior, etc.).
A Method of Resolutions: Rereading NE 7.1, 1145b2–7
Authors: Rossi Gabriela
Published: October 2021

This article is about the methodological remarks in Nicomachean Ethics 7.1, 1145b2–7, and the way they are carried out in the following chapters. I argue that the procedure therein described does not aim to establish consistency among a subset of endoxa, but to test and refine—by considering and resolving objections against them—endoxa that could enter into a nominal definition of continence and incontinence. The dialectical lineage of this discussion, if there is one, is to be found in the use of the critical procedure of resolution that can be traced back to Topics and Sophistical Refutations.
The Multifaceted Impact of COVID-19: Health, Emotions, Well-Being, and Risk Assessment
Authors: Robinson Laura , Huang Kuo-Ting , Schulz Jeremy , Chiaraluce Cara , Khilnani Aneka , Johnston Elisha
Published: October 2021

Analyzing diverse and rich data on the COVID-19 pandemic, this issue of the American Behavioral Scientist offers important insights into health and risk assessment in a time of unprecedented crisis in the 21st century. This issue explores health, emotions, and well-being vis-à-vis the pandemic and its societal impacts. Across the articles, we see the complex ways that this global health crisis has consequences for individuals and groups as they engage in risk assessment and grapple with the secondary effects of the pandemic. Within this issue, we observe the importance of information exchange, networks and relationships, emotional and economic well-being, and risk perception. All of these phenomena converge in the myriad ways that the COVID-19 pandemic forces people to reevaluate everyday activities in consequential life realms. As the issue as a whole illuminates, human emotions and risk assessment are powerful forces that prompt practices and behaviors even in a time of public health crisis.
Global Inequality, Mobility Regimes and Transnational Capital: The Post-Graduation Plans of African Student Migrants
Authors: Mulvey Benjamin
Published: October 2021

Employing a theoretical framework that draws on the concept of global regimes of mobility and Bourdieu’s theory of practice, this article seeks to analyse how African student migrants in China navigate global structural inequalities in planning for post-graduation mobility, while strategising to overcome barriers to mobility and capital accumulation. It argues that China’s position within the contemporary global political economy is reflected in the ways these student migrants navigate intersecting global mobility regimes. Moving beyond the ‘stay/return’ binary common in student mobility research, the article delineates three post-study trajectories: returnees, deterred by structural barriers from staying in the host country; those who stay in China, overcoming these barriers by opening businesses, with plans to return home later; and those who plan to accumulate capital in China to meet the requirements of more stringent mobility regimes in the Global North.
Balneotherapy for Musculoskeletal Pain Management of Hot Spring Water in Southern Ethiopia: Perceived Improvements
Authors: Gebretsadik Achamyelesh , Taddesse Fiker , Melaku Nebiyu , Haji Yusuf
Published: October 2021

Background: Balneotherapy and hydrotherapy offer interesting treatment alternatives and are commonly used as additional interventions in the management of musculoskeletal disorders and pain management. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of balneotherapy on musculoskeletal disorder pain and its perceived improvement among users of hot spring water in Southern Ethiopia. Methods: A single-arm cohort study and convenient sampling method were used to select 1337 study participants from four hot springs in Southern Ethiopia. A structured questionnaire, a physical examination, and laboratory blood tests were used to collect data. Data were entered using Epi data and transferred to SPSS 25 for cleaning and analysis. Descriptive analysis was made. Results: A total of 1279 participants were included in the study, giving a response rate of 96%. The majority of these patients have multiple health problems. Of all, 1137 (88.9%) of the patients were visiting the hot springs for joint pain followed by muscle pain 669 (52.2). Out of all cases of joint pain, 132 (11.6%) were clinically diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, and 5.3% were confirmed as having the disease based on a laboratory test. Of the total number of study participants, 1064 (83.2%) reported complete relief from the complaints they had at the start of the bath. Conclusions: Hot spring baths for three and more days have significant therapeutic effects on patients with musculoskeletal disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis. Physicians who are currently working in the area of diagnosis and treatment of patients in government and public facilities of the southern region should consider hot spring bath treatment for those patients with complaints of musculoskeletal pain, nonspecific arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. A hot spring bath is beneficial for everyone because it is a natural treatment with few side effects and a low cost.
Sexual Identity in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer or Questioning Emerging Adults: The Role of Parental Rejection, and Sexuality Specific Family Support
Authors: Taylor Ashley B. , Neppl Tricia K.
Published: October 2021

The present study provides critical contributions to the study of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning (LGBTQ) emerging adults by examining the role of family and sexuality specific family support, as well as the moderating effect of gender, on sexual identity development. Specifically, the role of mother and father rejection and sexuality specific family support on both affirmed identity and identity struggles of students were assessed. Using a sample of 338 LGBTQ emerging adults at a midwestern University, findings illustrate that for sexual identity development, mother and father parental rejection positively influenced identity struggles while sexuality specific family support positively influenced affirmed identity. Also, moderation by participant gender was not supported. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
Generating, Presenting, and Interpreting Cost-Effectiveness Results in the Context of Uncertainty: A Tutorial for Deeper Knowledge and Better Practice
Authors: Bilcke Joke , Beutels Philippe
Published: October 2021

This tutorial aims to help make the best available methods for generating and presenting cost-effectiveness results with uncertainty common practice. We believe there is a need for such type of tutorial because some erroneous practices persist (e.g., identifying the cost-effective intervention as the one with the highest probability to be cost-effective), while some of the more advanced methods are hardly used (e.g., the net loss statistic ‘NL’, expected net loss curves and frontier). The tutorial explains with simple examples the pros and cons of using ICER, incremental net benefit and NL to identify the cost-effective intervention, both with and without uncertainty accounted for probabilistically. A flowchart provides practical guidance on when and how to use ICER, incremental net benefit or NL. Different ways to express and present uncertainty in the results are described, including confidence and credible intervals, the probability that a strategy is cost-effective (as usually shown with cost-effectiveness acceptability curves (CEACs)) and the expected value of perfect information (EVPI). The tutorial clarifies and illustrates why EVPI is the only measure accounting fully for decision uncertainty, and why NL curves and the NL frontier may be preferred over CEACs and other plots for presenting cost-effectiveness results in the context of uncertainty. The easy calculations and a worked-out real-life example will help users to thoroughly understand and correctly interpret key cost-effectiveness results. Examples with mathematical calculations, interpretation, plots and R code are provided.
Does Insurance Status Affect Treatment of Children With Tibial Spine Fractures?
Authors: Smith Haley E. , Mistovich R. Justin , Cruz Aristides I. , Leska Tomasina M. , Ganley Theodore J. , Aoyama Julien T. ,   Tibial Spine Fracture Research Interest Group, Ellis Henry B. , Fabricant Peter D. , Green Daniel W. , Jagodzinski Jason , Johnson Benjamin , Kushare Indranil , Lee Rushyuan J. , McKay Scott D. , Rhodes Jason T. , Sachleben Brant C. , Sargent M. Catherine , Schmale Gregory A. , Yen Yi-Meng , Patel Neeraj M.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Previous studies have reported disparities in orthopaedic care resulting from demographic factors, including insurance status. However, the effect of insurance on pediatric tibial spine fractures (TSFs), an uncommon but significant injury, is unknown.

Purpose:

To assess the effect of insurance status on the evaluation and treatment of TSFs in children and adolescents.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective cohort study of TSFs treated at 10 institutions between 2000 and 2019. Demographic data were collected, as was information regarding pre-, intra-, and postoperative treatment, with attention to delays in management and differences in care. Surgical and nonsurgical fractures were included, but a separate analysis of surgical patients was performed. Univariate analysis was followed by purposeful entry multivariate regression to adjust for confounding factors.

Results:

Data were collected on 434 patients (mean ± SD age, 11.7 ± 3.0 years) of which 61.1% had private (commercial) insurance. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained at similar rates for children with public and private insurance (41.4% vs 41.9%, respectively; P≥ .999). However, multivariate analysis revealed that those with MRI performed ≥21 days after injury were 5.3 times more likely to have public insurance (95% CI, 1.3-21.7; P = .02). Of the 434 patients included, 365 required surgery. Similar to the overall cohort, those in the surgical subgroup with MRI ≥21 days from injury were 4.8 times more likely to have public insurance (95% CI, 1.2-19.6; P = .03). Children who underwent surgery ≥21 days after injury were 2.5 times more likely to have public insurance (95% CI, 1.1-6.1; P = .04). However, there were no differences in the nature of the surgery or findings at surgery. Those who were publicly insured were 4.1 times more likely to be immobilized in a cast rather than a brace postoperatively (95% CI, 2.3-7.4; P < .001).

Conclusion:

Children with public insurance and a TSF were more likely to experience delays with MRI and surgical treatment than those with private insurance. However, there were no differences in the nature of the surgery or findings at surgery. Additionally, patients with public insurance were more likely to undergo postoperative casting rather than bracing.
Phillyrin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy through the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signalling pathway in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Authors: Wang Tianyang , Wen Xuejiao , Zhang Ziwen , Xie Minjuan , Zhou Jie
Published: October 2021

Diabetic nephropathy is a progressive kidney disease resulting from long-term hyperglycaemia in diabetic patients, and the underlying mechanism is complex and lacks effective treatments. Various active ingredients in Chinese herbs have been shown to alleviate renal injury and improve DN in recent years. Phillyrin, a natural medicinal active compound extracted from the Oleaceae family, has various pharmacological effects, including antioxidative, antiapoptotic and antiobesity effects. However, the role of phillyrin and its underlying mechanism in DN have not yet been explored. To investigate the effects of phillyrin on DN and its potential mechanisms of action, we performed experiments using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN mice as models. Phillyrin significantly reduced the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), downregulated the levels of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), serum and urine β2-microglobulins (β2-MG) and improved the pathological changes of the kidney in a DN mouse model. Phillyrin also increased the level of antioxidants and attenuated oxidative damage in DN model mice. In addition, phillyrin inhibited Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activity by activating the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, reduced the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm, subsequently inhibited the activation of caspase-3 and ultimately suppressed renal cell apoptosis. These findings suggested that phillyrin could be a new promising therapeutic strategy for DN, and this protective effect might be related to suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway.
Determinants of Domestic Value Added in Exports: Empirical Evidence from India’s Manufacturing Sectors
Authors: Aggarwal Sakshi , Chakraborty Debashis , Bhattacharyya Ranajoy
Published: October 2021

Over the last decade, trade policy reforms have significantly influenced the internationalization of Indian manufacturing firms, leading to deeper participation of the country in global value chains (GVCs) and international production networks (IPNs). With the growing participation of foreign firms in the value chain, the domestic value-added (DVA) content embodied in Indian exports have displayed a declining trend. Recently, in 2020, India has decided to launch the ‘Atmanirbhar (self-reliant) Bharat Abhiyan’, which, in principle, aims to consolidate the manufacturing sector, leading to increasing DVA embodied in exports (DVA-content), apart from employment generation. The current article attempts to analyse the drivers of India’s DVA in exports for select manufacturing industries over 2000–15 by using the OECD trade in value added (TiVA) database. The empirical results reveal that sectoral DVA content is positively influenced by both domestic capital and foreign direct investment (FDI), and labour skill intensity, but negatively influenced by the presence of unskilled workers. Moreover, FDI inflows in sectors characterized by high skill-intensity and high-relative growth rate play a crucial role in influencing DVA content. Finally, the presence of larger and more capital-intensive firms is found to be a major driver of DVA. On the policy front, therefore, the empirical results underline that export promotion policies alone will not be able to resolve employment worries, a major concern in India, as vast numbers of unskilled and low-skilled workers trapped in the agricultural sector or working in unorganized and micro-industries fail to figure in the country’s export value addition. A concerted effort towards labour skill enhancement as well as technology transfer is necessary for exports to play a more positive role.
Effects of voice rehabilitation in people with MS: A double-blinded long-term randomized controlled trial
Authors: Crispiatico Valeria , Baldanzi Cinzia , Napoletano Arianna , Tomasoni Laura , Tedeschi Francesca , Groppo Elisabetta , Rovaris Marco , Vitali Chiara , Cattaneo Davide
Published: October 2021

Background:

Hypophonia is a prevailing problem in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). However, evidence supporting the effectiveness of voice rehabilitation is lacking.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to identify the most effective method to reduce hypophonia.

Methods:

In this randomized controlled trial, 44 PwMS were randomized to intensive and high-effort voice treatment groups, the LSVT-LOUD®, and conventional treatment group. Subjects received 16 treatments (4 sessions/week) lasting 45 minutes. The primary outcome was voice intensity (dB) in monologue, vocalization, and sentences while voice handicap index (VHI) measured voice self-perception. Outcomes were assessed by a blinded observer at baseline, post-treatment, and 15-month follow-up (FU).

Results:

Linear models revealed a significant post-intervention between-group mean difference in favor of LSVT-LOUD for monologue: +6.3 dB (95% CI: 2.5 to 10.1); vocalization: +7.4 dB (95% CI: 2.3 to 12.5); and sentences: +9.5 dB (95% CI: 4.7 to 14.3). However, 43.7% PwMS in the LSVT-LOUD and 10% in the conventional treatment group obtained a full recovery of voice intensity (>60 dB) post-treatment, Fisher’s test = 13.3, p < 0.01. However, these improvements were not maintained at FU. Between-group differences at VHI were −10.8 (95% CI: −21.2 to −0.4) and −11.3 (95% CI: −24.3 to −1.7) in favor of LSVT-LOUD at post and FU.

Conclusion:

LSVT-LOUD can be a valid treatment to increase voice intensity in PwMS. However, results suggest the need for FU interventions targeting maintenance.
A review on the behaviour of reinforced concrete beams with fibre-reinforced polymer-strengthened web openings
Authors: Nie Xuefei , Zhang Shishun , Gao Zeyu , Zeng Zhuo
Published: October 2021

Web openings often need to be created in reinforced concrete (RC) beams for the passages of utility ducts and/or pipes. Such web openings reduce the cross-section area of the beam in the affected region, leading to decrease in its load-carrying capacity and stiffness. Therefore, a fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP)-strengthening system generally needs to be applied around the web opening to ensure the safety of the weakened beam. A number of studies have been conducted by researchers all over the world to examine the behaviour of RC beams with FRP-strengthened web opening/web openings, and plenty of useful findings have been generated. This article presents a critical literature review of existing relevant research from three aspects: experimental studies, numerical studies and theoretical studies. The effect of main factors, including the size, shape, location and number of the web opening, the shape and shear span ratio of the beam, the concrete strength, the loading scheme and the FRP-strengthening scheme, on the structural performance of RC beams with FRP-strengthened web opening/web openings have been thoroughly analysed and discussed. Finally, directions for future research based on the gaps which exist in existing studies are pointed out.
Analysis for full face mechanical behaviors through spatial deduction model with real-time monitoring data
Authors: Tan Xuyan , Wang Yuhang , Du Bowen , Ye Junchen , Chen Weizhong , Sun Leilei , Li Liping
Published: October 2021

Mechanical analysis for the full face of tunnel structure is crucial to maintain stability, which is a challenge in classical analytical solutions and data analysis. Along this line, this study aims to develop a spatial deduction model to obtain the full-faced mechanical behaviors through integrating mechanical properties into pure data-driven model. The spatial tunnel structure is divided into many parts and reconstructed in a form of matrix. Then, the external load applied on structure in the field was considered to study the mechanical behaviors of tunnel. Based on the limited observed monitoring data in matrix and mechanical analysis results, a double-driven model was developed to obtain the full-faced information, in which the data-driven model was the dominant one and the mechanical constraint was the secondary one. To verify the presented spatial deduction model, cross-test was conducted through assuming partial monitoring data are unknown and regarding them as testing points. The well agreement between deduction results with actual monitoring results means the proposed model is reasonable. Therefore, it was employed to deduct both the current and historical performance of tunnel full face, which is crucial to prevent structural disasters.
The Relationship Between Multimorbidity and Self-Reported Health Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults and the Factors that Shape This Relationship: A Mixed Methods Study Protocol Using CLSA Baseline Data
Authors: Whitmore Carly , Markle-Reid Maureen , Fisher Kathryn , Ploeg Jenny , McAiney Carrie , Griffith Lauren , Phillips Susan , Wister Andrew
Published: October 2021

Self-reported health is a common measure predictive of morbidity and mortality among adults. Many factors are known to be associated with self-reported health including the number of chronic conditions (i.e., multimorbidity). While the association between self-reported health and morbidity and mortality has been well-established, the factors that shape the relationship with self-reported health (e.g., modify and mediate) are poorly understood. Further, it is unknown why some older adults, despite having high numbers of chronic conditions, continue to rate their health positively. This is known as the well-being paradox. This mixed methods research study was designed to address these knowledge gaps. The objectives of the proposed research are to (1) determine what factors shape the relationship between multimorbidity and self-reported health and how they do so; (2) describe the ways that older adults define and perceive their individual health; and (3) explain the well-being paradox. Informed by a multimorbidity resilience framework, the quantitative component of research will analyze Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging data while the qualitative component will collect and analyze interview data from 12 to 20 community-dwelling older adults using a case study design. Findings from this study have the potential to inform and advance future health intervention programs or services aimed at improving health-related quality of life for community-dwelling older adults.
Australians’ Experience of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Advantages and Challenges of Scaling Up Qualitative Research Using Large-Scale Rapid Analysis and Building Research Capacity Across Rural Australia
Authors: Rolf Floraidh , Campbell Narelle , Thompson Sandra , Argus Geoff
Published: October 2021

Australia responded to the emergence of the COVID-19 global pandemic in 2020 by initiating a border and bio-security zone lockdown and policies emphasising social distancing and hand hygiene. To understand the public response to this, Southern Queensland Rural Health commenced a two-phase research project exploring attitudes and practices towards the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. An initial online survey foreshadowed 90 qualitative interviews with respondents to explore what the pandemic meant for everyday life. This paper details use of a qualitative approach by a national collaborative of investigators from 9 rural university departments in Australia who came together to research the qualitative phase of the project. Our methodological approach aligned with extant literature describing the management of large-scale interviewing and coding in the context of unfolding and dynamic contexts. The ‘RITA’ model (Rapid Identification of Themes from Audio recordings) entails a five-step process designed to progress from identifying research foci, through deductive and iterative coding to identify key concepts. We used a combination of coding templates, organisation and tagging of field notes and real-time sharing through a secure cloud drive to create a data set for immersive analysis and generation of ideas. Use of this method has added to the collective knowledge about successful rapid research investigations, recognising the inherent tension between speed and rigour. This is not a binary but a dialectic; trustworthiness is integral to qualitative research. However, use of fresh approaches is accommodated by new technologies and can preserve adequate rigour while enabling collaboration, research capacity building and increasing the pace of data collection and analysis. This project has presented methodological challenges and highlights some strengths of such an approach. It is hoped that reporting our approach and experiences is useful for the broader health and research community considering large-scale qualitative research.