bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ruptured dissecting aneurysm in communicating internal carotid artery segments treated using a stent-assisted endovascular technique
Authors: Huh Chae Wook , Jin Sung-Chul
Published: January 2018

Hemorrhagic intracranial dissecting aneurysms are known to have a poor natural history and an increased tendency to rebleed. The communicating segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is an infrequent site of dissection that is difficult to manage using deconstructive endovascular treatment because of the need to preserve important vascular branches. We report two cases of ruptured dissecting aneurysms that occurred in communicating segments of the ICA and treated using a reconstructive endovascular technique involving stent-assisted coiling. Case 1 was a 59-year-old woman who was diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) indicated a ruptured dissecting aneurysm that arose from the left communicating segment of the ICA. Stent-assisted coiling was performed and followed by a second overlapping stent technique. No deterioration was observed on DSA after one week of follow-up or on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) after four months of follow-up. The patient was discharged without neurological complications (Glasgow Outcome Scale 5). Case 2 was a 34-year-old man who was admitted with a diagnosis of SAH. DSA revealed a suspected lesion of a ruptured dissecting aneurysm of the left communicating segment of the ICA. Stent-assisted coiling was performed, and partial occlusion was achieved. No deterioration was observed on DSA after two weeks of follow-up or on MRA after six months of follow-up. The patient was discharged without neurological complications (Glasgow Outcome Scale 5). These cases suggest that using stent-assisted coiling could be a feasible modality for treating ruptured ICA dissecting aneurysms in the communicating segment.
Initial rotational stiffness of minor-axis flush end-plate connections
Authors: Pan Jianrong , Chen Shizhe , Wang Zhan , Lu Hui
Published: January 2018

The semi-rigid performance of minor-axis connections is important in the study of overall framework. Experiments were conducted on minor-axis flush end-plate connections under a monotonic load. Numerical simulations were carried out using the finite-element package ABAQUS and compared with the experimental results. The initial rotational stiffness of the connection was calculated using the equivalent T-stub in tension and EC3 component method, and the calculated veracity is discussed. The results show that under the action of a negative bending moment, the failure modes of the minor-axis flush end-plate connection are the out-of-plane bending deformation of the end-plate, local buckling of the bottom flange of the beam, and bending deformation of the bolts. The minor-axis flush end-plate connection is a typical semi-rigid connection. However, the deformations of the flush end-plate could not be accurately calculated using the equivalent T-stub in the tension of EC3 methods. The initial rotational stiffness calculated using the method was much larger than that obtained using the experiment and finite-element analysis. The equivalent simulation is not appropriate if the out-of-plane bending stiffness of the flush end-plate is not obtained accurately.
Research on the charge rate of railway value–guaranteed transportation based on competitive and cooperative relationships
Authors: Feng Fenling , Xu Yunru , Tang Ziwen
Published: January 2018

With increasingly severe market competition, it is necessary to promote railway value–guaranteed transportation. The objective of this article is to propose a pricing strategy to optimize railway value–guaranteed transportation to increase revenue. The article describes the competitive and cooperative relationships between value-guaranteed transportation and railway freight insurance and details an appropriate charge rate for railway value–guaranteed transportation. First, the concept, the current situation and the relevant research on railway value–guaranteed transportation and railway freight insurance are introduced. Second, the service level and charge rate are chosen as indexes with which to calculate the generalized cost, and the logit model is used to analyze the market share. Third, the revenue function of railway value–guaranteed transportation and railway freight insurance is formulated under the scenarios of competition and cooperation. Finally, this article describes the optimal charge rate combination for railway value–guaranteed transportation and railway freight insurance under these two scenarios, and the feasibility of the model is verified.
Influence of perforation and sound-absorbing material filling on acoustic attenuation performance of three-pass perforated mufflers
Authors: Huang Hongpu , Ji Zhenlin , Li Zhuoliang
Published: January 2018

The finite element method is employed to calculate the transmission loss of three-pass perforated reactive and hybrid mufflers. The effects of perforated tubes and bulkheads on the transmission loss of three-pass reactive mufflers are investigated numerically. Two types of hybrid mufflers are considered, and the effects of sound-absorbing material filling and packed outlet tube on the acoustic attenuation performance of mufflers are analyzed. The perforations of the tubes and bulkheads and sound-absorbing material filling are demonstrated to have significant influence on the acoustic attenuation behaviors of the mufflers. The perforation of the tubes and bulkheads may shift the resonance from the low- to middle-frequency range. The sound-absorbing material filling in the middle chamber improves the acoustic attenuation performance at middle to higher frequencies and provides a relatively flat and broadband acoustic attenuation. It is found that the solid inlet or outlet tube replacing the perforated tube and sound-absorbing material filling in the middle chamber increases the pressure drops, while the rest configurations change the pressure drops slightly.
Translational objects dynamic modeling and correction for point cloud augmented virtual reality–based teleoperation
Authors: Ni Dejing , Song Aiguo , Wang Sibao , Li Huijun , Zhu Chengcheng
Published: January 2018

It is a challenging task for operators to interact with the remote environment without its geometric and dynamic knowledge during teleoperation. In this article, a novel system architecture for implementing the translational object modeling and correction during remote interaction is proposed to reconstruct the haptic interaction and predict the object motion at the local virtual reality–based teleoperation. First, a stress mutation analysis method is proposed for segmenting the translational object motion into static phase, critical phase, and sliding phase. And the static limiting friction is originally estimated in the teleoperation area. Meanwhile, mass-damper-spring model and adapted Karnopp friction model are adopted for dynamic modeling in each phase. Second, a novel adaptive forgetting factor recursive least square method is studied for high-accuracy parameter estimation. With the estimated model parameters, the motion of the translational object is predicted at the master side. Meanwhile, for model consistence between the real and virtual environments, a new correction strategy is used to adaptively update the environment model. According to the experimental results, the translational object can be accurately modeled in real time, and its motion at the master side can be predicted precisely and corrected promptly.
Researching memory in early modern studies
Authors: Chedgzoy Kate , Graham Elspeth , Hodgkin Katharine , Wray Ramona
Published: January 2018

This essay pursues the study of early modern memory across a chronologically, conceptually and thematically broad canvas in order to address key questions about the historicity of memory and the methodologies of memory studies. First, what is the value for our understanding of early modern memory practices of transporting the methodologies of contemporary memory studies backwards, using them to study the memorial culture of a time before living memory? Second, what happens to the cross-disciplinary project of memory studies when it is taken to a distant period, one that had its own highly self-conscious and much debated cultures of remembering? Drawing on evidence and debates from a range of disciplinary locations, but primarily focusing on literary and historical studies, the essay interrogates crucial differences and commonalities between memory studies and early modern studies.
Age- and Occupation-Based Public Health Considerations Related to Osteoarthritis of the Knee Joint: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Immonen Jessica , Siefring Chris
Published: January 2018

Objective

Osteoarthritis (OA) literature makes minimal suggestion regarding age of disease onset or preventative strategies to reduce risk for onset in various populations. In 2005, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that 33.6% of Americans 65+ years old were affected by OA; this cadaveric analysis suggests this is largely underestimated. The objective of this assessment is to identify at-risk populations for OA in the knee joint and make recommendations to prevent or delay disease onset.

Design

Morphometric analyses of the articular cartilage of the tibial plateau were performed on cadaver specimens using Image Pro software on 3 age populations and surface area measurements for articular cartilage degradation were compared with donors’ reported ages, clinical histories, and occupations.

Results

Data showed that by the seventh decade of life, when patients are in their 60s, articular cartilage degeneration on the tibial plateau had commenced in 100% of specimen. All “homemakers” displayed above-average medial tibial plateau degeneration (32.33% ± 24.85%) for their age group while simultaneously reporting pathologies in their clinical history that encourage a sedentary lifestyle.

Conclusions

This assessment identifies an occupational class with a propensity to develop disease and also identifies a more realistic time frame than previous advisory committees have produced regarding age of disease onset and initiation of preventative measures. It is recommended that strengthening of the hip abductors and the musculature supporting the knee commence early in adult life to avoid valgus collapse and shearing at the knee joint.
Hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis: Epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical management
Authors: de Pretis Nicolò , Amodio Antonio , Frulloni Luca
Published: January 2018

Hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis (HTGP) typically occurs in patients with an underlying dyslipidemia (such as type I, IV or V dyslipidemia) and in the presence of a secondary condition, such as inadequately controlled diabetes, excess alcohol consumption or medication use. Although the symptoms of HTGP are similar to those of acute pancreatitis from other etiologies, HTGP is often associated with greater clinical severity and rate of complications. Therefore, accurate diagnosis of HTGP is essential so that patients receive the appropriate treatment. Novel therapies that aim to reduce the incidence of pancreatitis in this patient population are now available or in development. Understanding the etiology, pathophysiology and clinical characteristics of HTGP will enable future development of therapeutic agents to treat HTGP.
When There Are Only Minorities
Authors: Adams Byron G. , Naudé Luzelle , Nel J. Alewyn , Vijver Fons J. R. van de , Laher Sumaya , Louw Johann , Tadi Florence
Published: January 2018

Intergroup relation perspectives stem from research in Western contexts with clear distinctions between the dominant and nondominant groups. In South Africa, with at least 13 different cultural groups and 11 official languages, no group is dominant in all life spheres. We examine the relationship between identity and in-/out-group orientation across Black-Zulu, Coloured (mixed racial ancestry), Indian, and White-Afrikaans emerging adults ( N = 390; 75% females, Mage = 19.97 years, SD = 2.44). Results indicate that personal identity for all groups and ethnic identity for Black-Zulu, Indian, and White-Afrikaans emerging adults were important for intergroup relations. Black-Zulu, Coloured, and Indian emerging adults distinguish themselves less from others, whereas White-Afrikaans emerging adults are less open to others. Ultimately, the complexity of intergroup relations in South Africa has implications for the effective transformation interventions needed to counter experiences of threat and make group boundaries more flexible for emerging adults.
HIV RNA Suppression during and after Pregnancy among Women in the HIV Outpatient Study, 1996 to 2015
Authors: Patel Monita , Tedaldi Ellen , Armon Carl , Nesheim Steven , Lampe Margaret , Palella Frank , Novak Richard , Sutton Madeline , Buchacz Kate
Published: January 2018

Objective:

To examine HIV viral suppression during/after pregnancy.

Design:

Prospective observational cohort.

Methods:

We identified pregnancies from 1996 to 2015. We examined HIV RNA viral load (VL), VL suppression (≤500 copies/mL), and antiretroviral therapy (ART) status at pregnancy start, end, and 6 months postpartum. We estimated risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for VL nonsuppression.

Results:

Among 253 pregnancies analyzed, 34.8% of women exhibited VL suppression at pregnancy start, 60.1% at pregnancy end, and 42.7% at 6 months postpartum. Median VL (log10 copies/mL) was 2.80 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.40-3.85) at pregnancy start, 1.70 (IQR: 1.40-2.82) at pregnancy end, and 2.30 (IQR: 1.40-3.86) at postpartum. Risk of postpartum VL nonsuppression was also lower among women on ART and with VL suppression at pregnancy end (versus those not; adjusted RR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.17-0.53).

Conclusions:

Maintaining VL suppression among US women remains a challenge, particularly during postpartum. Achieving VL suppression earlier during pregnancy benefits women subsequently.
Factors Affecting Gender Disparity in Muslim Education in India
Authors: Sengupta Reshmi , Rooj Debasis
Published: January 2018

Muslims occupy the second largest share in India’s population after Hindus. Therefore, India’s overall economic growth and development are largely dependent on the progress of this community. Muslims, by and large, have remained backward in attaining education so far, and the pace of their educational development is quite slow. The situation is even worse for Muslim women. This gives rise to gender disparity in education and raises concerns over the formulation, implementation and monitoring of government policies and programmes directed towards the betterment of this community. This study aims to empirically evaluate the effect of some socio-economic and demographic variables; particularly household consumption expenditure as a proxy for household income, on current education attendance levels of Muslims using a sample of individuals aged 5–17 years from the National Sample Survey, 68th round Employment–Unemployment survey, 2011–2012. In addition, this article is also an attempt to examine the effect of these factors on the gender gap in education of Muslims. Results from the empirical analysis show that members of this community are less likely to attend any educational institution if they belong to the lower income status household and are more likely to attend if they belong to the upper income status household. In comparison to Muslim girls, Muslim boys are more likely to attend school if they belong to rich families. In contrast, in poor Muslim families, girls are more likely to attend school than boys. Several other socio-economic and demographic factors also affect current education participation of Muslim children. Besides other factors, if on the one hand, children’s growing age and number of children in the household increase gender gap, then knowledge of Internet operation and presence of a female household head help in reducing gender gap in current attendance level of Muslim children in India.
Numerical dispersion analysis of discontinuous Galerkin method with different basis functions for acoustic and elastic wave equations
Authors: Meng Weijuan , Fu Li-Yun
Published: January 2018

The discontinuous Galerkin method (DGM) has been applied to investigate seismic wave propagation recently. However, few studies have examined the dispersion property of DGM with different basis functions. Therefore, three common basis functions, Legendre polynomial, Lagrange polynomial with equidistant nodes, and Lagrange polynomial with Gauss-Lobatto-Legendre (GLL) nodes, are used for numerical approximation. The numerical dispersion and anisotropy numerical behavior of acoustic and elastic waves are compared, and the numerical errors of different order methods are analyzed. The result shows that the dispersion errors for all basis functions reduce generally with increasing interpolation orders, but with large differences in different directions. Specifically, the Legendre basis function and Lagrange basis function with GLL nodes have attractive advantages over the Lagrange polynomial with equidistant nodes for numerical computation. We verified the dispersion properties by theoretical and numerical analyses.
Tracking the Evolution of Resistance to ALK Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Through Longitudinal Analysis of Circulating Tumor DNA
Authors: Dagogo-Jack Ibiayi , Brannon A. Rose , Ferris Lorin A. , Campbell Catarina D. , Lin Jessica J. , Schultz Katherine R. , Ackil Jennifer , Stevens Sara , Dardaei Leila , Yoda Satoshi , Hubbeling Harper , Digumarthy Subba R. , Riester Markus , Hata Aaron N. , Sequist Lecia V. , Lennes Inga T. , Iafrate Anthony John , Heist Rebecca S. , Azzoli Christopher G. , Farago Anna F. , Engelman Jeffrey A. , Lennerz Jochen K. , Benes Cyril H. , Leary Rebecca J. , Shaw Alice T. , Gainor Justin F.
Published: January 2018

Purpose

ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) rearrangements predict for sensitivity to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs); however, responses to ALK TKIs are generally short lived. Serial molecular analysis is an informative strategy used to identify genetic mediators of resistance. Although multiple studies support the clinical benefits of repeat tissue sampling, the clinical utility of longitudinal circulating tumor DNA analysis has not been established in ALK-positive lung cancer.

Patients and Methods

We used a 566-gene hybrid-capture next-generation sequencing assay to perform a longitudinal analysis of plasma specimens from 22 ALK-positive patients with acquired resistance to ALK TKIs to track the evolution of resistance during treatment. To determine tissue–plasma concordance, we compared plasma findings with the results of repeat biopsies.

Results

At disease progression, we detected an ALK fusion in plasma from 19 (86%) of 22 patients and identified ALK resistance mutations in plasma specimens from 11 patients (50%). There was 100% agreement between tissue- and plasma-detected ALK fusions. Among 16 patients for which contemporaneous plasma and tissue specimens were available, we observed 100% concordance between ALK mutation calls. ALK mutations emerged and disappeared during treatment with sequential ALK TKIs, which suggests that plasma mutation profiles were dependent on the specific TKI administered. ALK G1202R—the most frequent plasma mutation detected after progression on a second-generation TKI—was consistently suppressed during treatment with lorlatinib.

Conclusion

Plasma genotyping by next-generation sequencing is an effective method for detecting ALK fusions and ALK mutations in patients who experience disease progression on ALK TKIs. The correlation between plasma ALK mutations and the response to distinct ALK TKIs highlights the potential for plasma analysis to guide the selection of ALK-directed therapies.
How does the snakeheadChanna argussurvive in air? The combined roles of the suprabranchial chamber and physiological regulations during aerial respiration
Authors: Duan Ting , Shi Chenchen , Zhou Jing , Lv Xiao , Li Yongli , Luo Yiping
Published: January 2018

This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the aerial survival of the northern snakehead is involved not only with suprabranchial chamber respiration but also with physiological regulations. The aerial survival time and oxygen consumption rate (VO2) were determined in snakeheads with either normal or injured suprabranchial organs. Some hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed during aerial exposure. The results showed that resting VO2 decreased when switching from water to air in both the control and the suprabranchial organ-injured fish, with decreases of 22.4 and 23.5%, respectively. Resting VO2 in air was not different between the control and the suprabranchial organ-injured fish. The red blood cell (RBC) count and hemoglobin concentration showed no marked changes, while RBC size increased when exposed to air. The liver lactate concentration remained unchanged, and the white muscle lactate concentration decreased when switching from water to air. The blood ammonia concentration tended to increase during aerial respiration. The results suggest that the aerial survival of the snakehead is positively associated with a combination of factors, including respiration of suprabranchial organs and other accessory organs, depressed metabolic demands, and increased oxygen transport, and negatively associated with the accumulation of blood ammonia but not anaerobic metabolism.
Human hepatocytes depletion in the presence of HIV-1 infection in dual reconstituted humanized mice
Authors: Dagur Raghubendra Singh , Wang Weimin , Cheng Yan , Makarov Edward , Ganesan Murali , Suemizu Hiroshi , Gebhart Catherine L. , Gorantla Santhi , Osna Natalia , Poluektova Larisa Y.
Published: January 2018

HIV-1 infection impairs liver function, and liver diseases have become a leading cause of morbidity in infected patients. The immunopathology of liver damage caused by HIV-1 remains unclear. We used chimeric mice dually reconstituted with a human immune system and hepatocytes to address the relevance of the model to pathobiology questions related to human hepatocytes survival in the presence of systemic infection. TK-NOG males were transplanted with mismatched human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and hepatocytes; human albumin concentration and the presence of human immune cells in blood were monitored for hepatocytes and immune reconstitution; and mice were infected with HIV-1. HIV-1-infected animals showed a decline in human albumin concentration with a significant reduction in percentage of human hepatocytes compared to uninfected mice. The decrease in human albumin levels correlated with a decline in CD4+ cells in the liver and with an increase in HIV-1 viral load. HIV-1 infection elicited proinflammatory response in the immunological milieu of the liver in HIV-infected mice compared to uninfected animals determined by upregulation of IL23, CXCL10 and multiple toll-like receptors expression. The inflammatory reaction associated with HIV-1 infection in vivo could contribute to the depletion and dysfunction of hepatocytes. Conclusion. The dual reconstituted TK-NOG mouse model is a feasible platform to investigate hepatocyte-related HIV-1 immunopathogenesis.
Mechanisms for the functional differentiation of the propulsive and braking roles of the forelimbs and hindlimbs during quadrupedal walking in primates and felines
Authors: Granatosky Michael C. , Fitzsimons Aidan , Zeininger Angel , Schmitt Daniel
Published: January 2018

During quadrupedal walking in most animals, the forelimbs play a net braking role while the hindlimbs are net propulsive. However, the mechanism by which this differentiation occurs remains unclear. Here we test two models to explain this pattern using primates and felines: (1) the Horizontal Strut Effect (in which limbs are modeled as independent struts), and (2) the Linked Strut Model (in which limbs are modeled as linked struts with a center of mass in between). Video-recordings were used to determine point of contact, mid-stance, and limb protraction/retraction duration. Single limb forces were used to calculate contact time, impulses, and the proportion of the stride at which the braking to propulsive transition (BP) occurred for each limb. We found no association of the occurrence of the BP and mid-stance, little influence of protraction and retraction duration on the braking-propulsive function of a limb, and a causative relationship between vertical force distribution between limbs and the patterns of horizontal forces. These findings reject the Horizontal Strut Effect, and provide some support for the Linked Strut Model, although predictions were not perfectly matched. We suggest that the position of the center of mass relative to limb contact points is a very important but not the only factor driving functional differentiation of the braking/propulsive roles of the limbs in quadrupeds. It was also found that primates have greater differences in horizontal impulse between their limbs compared to felines, a pattern that may reflect a fundamental arboreal adaptation in primates.
Taxes and taxation
Authors: Сильвестрова Тамара , Sil'vestrova Tamara , Гурова Славяна , Gurova Slavyana , Шипеев Яков , Shipeev Yakov , Белогорская Алла , Belogorskaya Alla , Большова Лилия , Bol'shova Liliya , Семенов Артур , Semenov Artur , Улыбина Лариса , Ulybina Larisa , Семёнова Нина , Semenova Nina
Published: January 2018

The aim of the tutorial is to help the future practitioner or specialist in building skills be familiar with the provisions of the Tax code of the Russian Federation. The structure of the tutorial allows you to easily navigate in the current legislation on taxes and fees in practice. The presentation of the material is accompanied by examples. The textbook is composed in accordance with the Federal state educational standard of higher education of the latest generation of students of educational institutions specializing in training of bachelor 38.03.01 "Economics" specialization: taxes and taxation, Economics of organizations, Finance and credit, world economy; in the direction of training 100700.62 "trading business" provisioning profile: Commerce; training direction 081100.62 "State and municipal management".
Addressed to practitioners, bachelors-economists, masters, dealing with tax issues.
Gradient-Based Adaptive Stochastic Search for Simulation Optimization Over Continuous Space
Authors: Zhou Enlu , Bhatnagar Shalabh
Published: January 2018

We extend the idea of model-based algorithms for deterministic optimization to simulation optimization over continuous space. Model-based algorithms iteratively generate a population of candidate solutions from a sampling distribution and use the performance of the candidate solutions to update the sampling distribution. By viewing the original simulation optimization problem as another optimization problem over the parameter space of the sampling distribution, we propose to use a direct gradient search on the parameter space to update the sampling distribution. To improve the computational efficiency, we further develop a two-timescale updating scheme that updates the parameter on a slow timescale and estimates the quantities involved in the parameter updating on the fast timescale. We analyze the convergence properties of our algorithms through techniques from stochastic approximation, and demonstrate the good empirical performance by comparing with two state-of-the-art model-based simulation optimization methods.

The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2017.0771 .
The Sociologist's Eye
Authors: Erikson Kai
Published: January 2018

This book is a masterful introduction to, and appreciation of, sociology as a window into our world. The culmination of a distinguished career, and a fascinating exploration into the nature of human social life, the book describes the field of sociology as a way of looking at the world rather than as a simple gathering of facts about it. It notes that sociologists look out at the same human scenes as poets, historians, economists, or any other observers of the vast social landscape spread out before them, but select different aspects of that vast panorama to focus on and attend to. The book considers how sociology became a field of study, and how it has turned its attention over time to new areas of study such as race and gender and what the book calls “social speciation.” The book provides readers with new ways of The Individual and the Social thinking about human culture and social life.
The Structure and Dynamics of Human Ecosystems
Authors: Burch William R , Machlis Gary E , Force Jo Ellen
Published: January 2018

This is a landmark book that strives to provide both grand theory and practical application, innovatively describing the structure and dynamics of human ecosystems. As the world faces ever more complex and demanding environmental and social challenges, the need for interdisciplinary models and practical guidance becomes acute. The Human Ecosystem Model described in this book provides an innovative response. Broad in scope, detailed in method, at once theoretical and applied, this study offers an in-depth understanding of human ecosystems and tools for action. The authors draw from classic anthropology and sociology studies, contemporary ecosystem ecology, Buddhist ethics, and more to create a paradigm-shifting model and a major advance in interdisciplinary ecology.
The Racial Glass Ceiling
Authors: Brooks Roy L.
Published: January 2018

Beyond the conventional sources of racial inequality—racism for liberals and a dysfunctional black culture for conservatives—lies a source of racial inequality little discussed or studied in our society. This book maps out that terrain, using the term “racial subordination” to define racial inequality that is a byproduct of individual or institutional action that consciously forgoes an opportunity to advance racial progress for the sake of pursuing a legitimate, nonracist competing interest. While not racism, this non-nefarious source of racial inequality is not racial innocence. Though the subordinator is not on the same hook as the racist, he or she is still on the hook—a different hook. Moving the debate over racial inequality from discrimination discourse to subordination discourse, this book demonstrates how the Supreme Court engages in “juridical subordination” and how the American mainstream culture, even with its commitment to cultural diversity, commits “cultural subordination” time after time. Racism remains a large problem in our society but eliminating it will not end racial inequality. Racism and racial inequality are not coterminous. Unless we also deal with racial subordination, blacks, or African Americans, will effectively face a racial glass ceiling. Breaking through that ceiling involves confronting complex and uncomfortable questions about what we value most as Americans.
Development of a Wood Computed Tomography Imaging System Using a Butterworth Filtered Back-Projection Algorithm
Authors: Qi Yuhan , Zhou Yucheng , Xu Jiahe , Ge Zhedong
Published: January 2018

Aiming to provide economical equipment support for nondestructive wood testing, we developed a wood computed tomography (CT) imaging system to aid wood researchers in accurately understanding wood internal structures and defect characteristics. The wood CT system consists of an X-ray source, an X-ray detector, an electric rotational stage, and a computer. The X-ray source projects a fan-shaped X-ray beam to the wood, and the X-ray detector captures the penetrated X-ray intensity data when the wood is at different angles of rotation. The projection data were preprocessed before they were used for image reconstruction. An improved filtered back-projection (FBP) algorithm specialized for wood cross section CT image reconstruction was proposed. The traditional Ram-Lak (RL) filter and Shepp-Logan (SL) filter were replaced by a Butterworth filter. The Butterworth parameters were determined to achieve a desirable compromise between spatial resolution and image noise. Two pieces of cylindrical log (Thuja sp., Pinus sp.) and a block of laminated timber were scanned. The reconstructed images clearly revealed the internal structures of wood, and the fine features such as pith, annual growth rings, radial cracks, knots, and outer edge were enhanced, while the image noise and blurring effect were suppressed.
Reimagining the Nation
Authors: Sutherland Claire
Published: January 2018

This book develops new ways of thinking beyond the nation as a form of political community by seeking to transcend ethnonational categories of ‘us’ and ‘them’. Drawing on scholarship and cases spanning Pacific Asia and Europe, it steps outside assumptions linking nation to state. Accessible yet theoretically rich, it explores how to think about nationhood beyond narrow binaries and even broader cosmopolitan ideals. Using cutting-edge critical research, it fundamentally challenges the positive connotations of British patriotism and UK politics’ anti-immigrant discourse, pointing to how these continue to reproduce vocabularies of belonging that are dependent on ethnonational and racialised categorisations. With a cross-continental focus, this book offers alternative ways of thinking about togetherness and belonging that are premised on mobility rather than rootedness, thereby providing a constructive agenda for critical nationalism studies.
Co-construction or prefiguration? The problem of the ‘translation’ of social and solidarity economy practices into policy
Authors: Dinerstein Ana Cecilia
Published: January 2018

By engaging with the recent experience of Latin American Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) movements, this chapter discusses three ideas. First, that SSE practices by social movements can be seen as tools for the anticipation of alternative reality/ practices, relationships and horizons—in the present. Second, that the integration of SSE practices into state policy requires the institutionalisation of the SSE sector which renders invisible everything that does not fit within the ‘parameters of legibility’ of the state’s policy territory. As the state seeks to achieve order and stability, policy reforms are the crystallisation in time of ongoing conflicts. Third, an adequate ‘translation’ of the SSE into policy requires a type of co-construction of policy that engages with the emancipatory call of SSE movements, thus constituting a prefigurative translation. By escaping the contours of the state’s given reality, prefigurative translation allows SSE movements to venture into new territories. This ‘prefigurative translation’ is part of the process of ‘organising hope’ by SSE movements.
Internationalizing Social Work Education
Authors: Aga Askeland Gurid , Payne Malcolm
Published: January 2018

This book explores the aims and priorities of trends to internationalize social work education, in the context of wider processes of economic and cultural globalization. Its analysis draws on interviews with leading social work educators who have been recipients of the Katherine Kendall Award of the International Association of Schools of Social Work, for their contribution to international social work education. Three phases of internationalization are identified: a foundation phase before World War II, an establishment phase until the millennium and a subsequent shift towards international advocacy on issues of concern to the social work profession. Interviews and in three cases biographies illustrate the concerns and internationalizing activities of leading educators during these last two phases. A focus in the 20th century on achieving the adoption of social work education and practice throughout the world led to a concern for practice education and community and social development. An important project in the 1970s involved family planning as a focus of social development. Social justice, political and social conflict and more recently green issues have engaged educators' commitments. Even though women are in a majority in social work, women leaders and leaders from the Global South often faced considerable struggle to assert their research and development priorities. The analysis shows that most Kendall awardees came from Europe and the US, where finance and linguistic and cultural hegemony facilitated educators in playing international roles.
Better politics: Narratives of indignation and the possibility of a prosocial politics
Authors: Jacobs Keith
Published: January 2018

This chapter calls for a truthful understanding of politics that admits the complex and sometimes very contradictory subject positions that people adhere to. There is always a temptation to disengage from contemporary political struggles and instead expend time postulating what a ‘postneoliberal’ future might entail. In examining neoliberalism, the politics of resistance, and prosocial forms of engagement, the chapter argues that a useful starting point is to interrogate the subject positions people adopt to understand the contemporary political era. Often these rely on a depiction of an economic and social crisis accentuated by neoliberalism, a sense of moral outrage, and the attribution of culpability on to those who are considered responsible.
Policy steps towards a better social future
Authors: Orton Michael
Published: January 2018

This chapter presents a possible vision of a more progressive future, by focusing on a widely acknowledged contemporary problem — socioeconomic insecurity — and concrete, practical policy steps to seek its redress. Put more positively, it is about building a social and economic framework grounded in security, and it is from that starting point that a better future can be imagined. The chapter details the extent and effects of insecurity in terms of being a tangible experience, the approach to identifying solutions to insecurity, policy steps for redressing insecurity (divided into housing, children, and income), and finally, a vision of a more progressive future that flows from the redress of insecurity.
Structural asymmetries, innovation measurement and innovation policies in the EU
Authors: Mamede Ricardo Paes
Published: January 2018

Deep asymmetries in economic structures across EU member states became evident in the context of the recent crises in the eurozone. Notwithstanding, innovation policy analysis at the EU level tends to overlook these asymmetries. The use of innovation scoreboards – such as the Innovation Union Scoreboard (IUS) – as a main device for policy monitoring and benchmarking adds to the common tendency for one-size-fits-all approaches to innovation policy. In fact, the methodology underlying the construction of the IUS largely ignores the wide variety of economic structures among the countries under analysis. This article shows that once each country’s economic structure is considered the assessment of innovation strengths and weakness at the national level may change significantly. Policy recommendations may be improved accordingly.
The power of structure in Bamboleho
Authors: Lappalainen Anna-Sofia
Published: January 2018

A non-linear, circular structure and the repetition of narrative produce an impact on the viewer and keep the story of Bamboleho open to a range of interpretations.
Graphophilia, film, typewriter
Authors: Thomson Claire
Published: January 2018

Flimmer’s narrator ‘never wrote back’, but the film engraves her words on the affair’s detritus: cigarettes, spilt milk, a doll, typewriter keys and the film’s surface. Flimmer thus uses nostalgia for technologies of indexical inscription, such as the typewriter to respond to emerging digital practices such as the RED camera.
Glimpse into a world of recorded absence
Authors: Berinde Lenuţa
Published: January 2018

Flimmer renders visible the intermediary spaces or the ‘spaces in-between’ its underlying components. It advances a world that grows out of absence, discontinuity and division.
A Warped Version: Manipulating Roman Looms for Metaphorical Effect – Potamius of Lisbon’s Epistula de Substantia 5-9
Authors: Ohrman Magdalena
Published: January 2018

Potamius of Lisbon’s highly metaphorical explication of the indissoluble nature of the Trinity in the 4th C theological treatise Epistula de Substantia combines technical knowledge of textile crafts with stylistic manipulation of Latin intertexts and terminology in a metaphor for the unity of the Trinity. This paper explores several passages in De Substantia densely packed with textile terminology and deemed obscure in earlier Potamian criticism, and shows how, based on a detailed knowledge of the practicalities of wool‑preparation as well as of weaving, Potamius enhances the effectiveness of his metaphor by carefully manipulating the presentation of technological detail and intertextual references to earlier descriptions of textile work in Latin literature. Potamius includes references to different loom types to strengthen the impact of his weaving metaphor, and to create correpondences between the set‑up of a loom and crucifixion. Potamius’ understanding of the workings of the warp‑weighted loom is related both to intertexts in Ovid and Seneca and to the archaeological evidence for the continued contextual relevance of this loom type in Lusitania and the Iberian peninsula, and to domestic and traditional craft practices.
About the Profile Accuracy of the Involute Gear Hob
Authors: Máté Márton , Hollanda Dénes
Published: January 2018

Gear hobs are the most widely and frequently used gear cutting tools. During the time passed between the moment of invention (Schiele, 1876) and the present, gear hobs reached a considerable evolution regarding the geometry, the profile of the edge, the relieving technologies finalizing in the latest constructive and design solutions. This paper deals with the calculus of the edge profile in the case the basic worm of the hob has involute helicoid surfaces. In order to obtain a constant grinding allowance on the relief faces of the gear hob teeth it is necessary to compute the edge of the roughing relieving cutter. The equations are deduced considering that the provenience involute worm is a one teethed helical gear with shifted profile. The presented mathematical model proves that linearizing the relieving cutter profile is not an adequate solution if aspiring to higher precision.
Solving of the Modified Filter Algebraic Riccati Equation for H-infinity fault detection filtering
Authors: Horváth Zsolt , Edelmayer András
Published: January 2018

The objective of this paper is solving of the Modified Filter Algebraic Riccati Equation (MFARE) for calculating of the filter gain. The results are used for model-based fault detection filtering of faults in the air path of diesel engines. The Hinfinity optimization approach requires the solution of a linear-quadratic optimization problem that leads to the solution of MFARE. In our paper two basic concepts for solving MFARE are examined, namely the analytically implemented gamma-iteration and casting the problem as a convex optimization problem based on Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs).

The algorithms are implemented in MATLAB. Each algorithm has to ensure the condition for a global convergence and also has to deliver an optimal solution. Not at least, the computational cost has to be as small as possible.
Paradoxes of Visibility
Authors: Tarnay László
Published: January 2018

The paper investigates two possible critical arguments following the pictorial turn. The first is formulated within ocularcentrism, the dominance of sight, and starts with the right to visibility as a general principle that governs today’s digital culture but gets twisted in special cases like the Auschwitz photos of the Shoa, the Abu Ghraib prison videos, or recently the website called Yolocaust. The second is conceived outside the visual culture and is meant to vindicate the other senses vis-à-vis the eyes. However, the argument is truncated here only to highlight the boomerang effect of the other senses: haptic vision. It is the case of visual perception when (a) there is a lack of things to see and (b) indeterminate synaesthesia: when vision intensifies the other senses in the embodied viewer. The two arguments converge upon a dialectic of the visible and the imaginable, which is formulated here as two paradoxes that the discussed examples transcend. By enforcing visibility at all costs where there is hardly anything recognizable to see, they lead to two diverging results. On the one hand, the meaning of “image” is extended toward the unimaginable, the traumatic experience, on the other hand, it is extended toward the invisible, the encounter with the radical Other.
Film and Media as a Site for Memory in Contemporary Art
Authors: Martinez Rosario Domingo
Published: January 2018

This article explores the relationship between film, contemporary art and cultural memory. It aims to set out an overview of the use of film and media in artworks dealing with memory, history and the past. In recent decades, film and media projections have become some of the most common mediums employed in art installations, multi-screen artworks, sculptures, multi-media art, as well as many other forms of contemporary art. In order to examine the links between film, contemporary art and memory, I will firstly take a brief look at cultural memory and, secondly, I will set out an overview of some pieces of art that utilize film and video to elucidate historical and mnemonic accounts. Thirdly, I will consider the specific features and challenges of film and media that make them an effective repository in art to represent memory. I will consider the work of artists like Tacita Dean, Krzysztof Wodiczko and Jane and Louise Wilson, whose art is heavily influenced and inspired by concepts of memory, history, nostalgia and melancholy. These artists provide examples of the use of film in art, and they have established contemporary art as a site for memory.
The Honey as a Bioindicator of the Environment
Authors: Sager Manfred
Published: January 2018

Monofloral rape, sunflower, linden and acacia honeys as well as honeys sampled within and around the Austrian towns Vienna and Linz, as well as in rural areas in Lower Austria, were analysed for main and trace elements. The results were tested to be used as indication of urban dust exposure. Main elements of the ash are K, P, and B, which are specific for plant origin. Ash based data correct for dilutions by the sugar matrix. They showed enrichments of Cu, Zn and Mo, whereas the contaminant elements Cd, Pb and Co were found at about the same levels as expectable in dust. Ash-based Al, Fe, Cr and Li were much lower than soil levels obtainable from aqua regia. Among the monofloral honey samples, the effect of adjacent soil was largest for Mn. Most differences between rural areas and urban areas in Vienna and Linz were within experimental errors, both per sample weight and per ash weight. In cases honey samples are considered to trace contaminations, the additional use of ash-based data is recommended.
Learner Autonomy as a Factor of the Learning Process in Distance Education
Authors: Fotiadou Aggeliki , Angelaki Christina , Mavroidis Ilias
Published: January 2018

The present study aims to empirically examine the relation between learner autonomy and specific aspects of the learning process, such as student-student interaction and tutor-student interaction, in a distance learning environment in Greece. An empirical study was conducted at the Hellenic Open University (HOU) using data gathered via a four-section questionnaire, completed by 100 postgraduate students. The correlation analysis yielded a positive correlation between learner autonomy and both student-student and tutor-student interaction. In particular, the results revealed the existence of a positive correlation between all three subscales of autonomy, namely sensibility to others, ability to manage new situations and self-awareness, and student-student interaction. A significant positive correlation was also observed between selfawareness and tutor-student interaction. Moreover, the results suggested that there are no statistically significant differences of the above parameters in relation to demographic features, such as gender, age and the number of Counselling Group Sessions (CGS) in which students had participated. Yet, results suggested that there is an effect of the number of course modules attended by students on the levels of student-student interaction.