bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jackson–Vanik Amendment and Development of Soviet-American Relations in 1972-1975
Authors: Yungblyud V. , Ilyin D.
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to one of the key subjects of the detente period – the history of development and adoption of Jackson-Vanik Amendment to the Trade Act of 1974. The significance of the human rights problem in the USSR, in particular – the right to emigrate, for the development of American-Soviet relations at the peak of detente is shown. Special attention was paid to trilateral negotiations between the Soviet leadership, Nixon and Ford administrations and the legislators headed by Senator Henry Jackson. The Amendment, adopted in December 1974, created serious obstacles for the development of trade and economic relations between the superpowers, and it had a number of negative political consequences also. The Amendment constituted the issue of human rights in the USSR as one of the important components of the U.S. foreign policy, created a negative background for the American-Soviet dialogue, which significantly complicated the outlined convergence of superpowers and contributed to the curtailment of detente.

The political struggle around the Jackson-Vanik Amendment became the quintessence of detente. Each of the parties involved regarded the Amendment differently: Soviet leaders saw it as a rude interference in the internal affairs of the USSR; Kissinger saw it as an untimely and too radical in form and methods attempt to transform the Soviet system; Jackson saw it as a good way to increase his popularity by exploiting a popular in the post-Vietnam era theme that was naturally consistent with American national values and traditions. Both the Kremlin and Jackson had a fairly clear set of concessions that they could make. However, in the context of the systemic crisis of power caused by Watergate, the US administration did not have enough resources to bring them to a common denominator. The Soviet leadership soon also faced new economic and political challenges, and the problem of restoring trade relations with the United States ceased to be a priority.

The Jackson-Vanik Amendment of 1974 became the watershed separating the “high détente” from its downward phase. Its real significance far exceeded its immediate meaning embedded in the arguments of its creators. It was not an accident that the Amendment was not canceled in 1987 after the USSR liberated its emigration policy. After the collapse of the USSR American leadership used it as a political leverage against Russian Federation. Boris Yeltsin appealed to Bill Clinton multiple times in 1993-1994 requesting removal of discrimination measures in trade and economic relations inherited from the soviet times. The Amendment was not cancelled it was only temporarily suspended. It was officially canceled only in 2012, but only in order to give way to a law that allows the United States, at its discre tion, to impose sanctions on individuals allegedly responsible for human rights violations in Russia (the so-called Magnitsky Act) and remains an obstacle to the development of equal Russian-American economic ties.
Using Graphic Organizer to Improve Students’ Speaking skill
Authors: Saindra Rifqi Mahdi , Mutiarani Mutiarani
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine whether Graphic Organizer has a significant effect on students' ability to speak. This study used the VIII.F students of Al-Azhar 12 Junior High School Rawamangun as the research sample. This class consists of 22 students. To choose the sample, the writer used a simple random sampling technique. From the population. The method used in this study was quantitative and the design used was a pre-experimental study with the technique of one group pre and post-test design. The instrument used in this study was oral tests. Then for that reason, the writer used the Weighting Table from Adam and Frith so that the measurement could be more accurate. The result of this research explains that students’ pre-test score is 72,36 and the post-test score is 81,45. The result of statistical hypothesis found out that the level of significance is higher than 0.000 < 0.005. This means H0 (Null Hypothesis) is rejected and H1 (Alternative Hypothesis) is accepted. Which means using the media Graphic Organizer is effective to improve students’ speaking skill.
Multiple Intelligences (MI) on Developing Speaking Skills
Authors: Rizqiningsih Shelawati , Hadi Muhamad Sofian
Published: May 2020

The current study investigates the impact of multiple intelligences-based Instructions on developing speaking skills of the students of English. Therefore, the problem of the current study can be stated in the lack of speaking skills of the students of English school in Junior High School, MTs Al-Ihsan Jakarta Barat. To confront this problem, the researcher developed a multiple intelligences-based program to enhance the speaking skills paying due attention to the individual differences among students. The sample of the study consisted of sixty fourth-year perspective students of English. The Quasi-experimental research design was used in the study as the researcher used the one group post-test to assess the usefulness of using this approach. Results of the study proved the effectiveness of Multiple Intelligences-(MI) On Developing Speaking Skills of the 9th Grade Students’ of MTs Al-Ihsan Jakarta Barat.
Students’ Understanding on Simple Past Tense through VOA Learning English YouTube Channel
Authors: Mahmudah Lailatul , Izzah Lidiyatul
Published: May 2020

The objective of the study is to find out the effect of VOA Learning English YouTube Channel on students’ simple past tense. This study was conducted at 8th grade students of SMP Pustek Serpong in academic year 2017/2018. The researcher used quantitative analysis with a quasi-experimental design. As the sample, the researcher uses one class with total number of 37 students. By using t-test, the finding showed that tcalculation (7.89) was higher than ttable (2.026) at a significant level of 5%. It indicates that VOA Learning English YouTube Channel gives the positive significant result in improving students’ simple past tense.
Common Listening Challenges: Indonesian EFL Learners’ Perception
Authors: Izzah Lidiyatul , Keeya Khodijah
Published: May 2020

Being a major part of internationalizing higher education, teaching English taps particular general cognitive abilities. It is mainly regarding listening that is hypothesized to have a higher influence on acquisition of foreign language. The aim of this study was to identify the common listening challenges experienced by Indonesian EFL learners. This research was practical research using descriptive methods of quantitative research. Subject of the study were subsequently randomly chosen, in which EFL learners at even semesters become the representative. In collecting data, the researchers used a self-structured questionnaire that refers to three primary categories: (1) the listener, (2) the passage, and (3), the physical setting. The data was then statistically evaluated by referring to Likert type scales, to discover useful information. After all, the finding showed that distortions, lexis recognition, phonological awareness, complexity of the passage and the speech rate highlighted a high degree response of common listening challenges. The significance of the study expected to contribute learners with a better understanding and propose new ideas for acceptable teaching listening.
How the people acquire language?: A case study on Virendra Language acquisition
Authors: Nufus Tatu Zakiyatun , Yuliani Atik
Published: May 2020

The language acquisition process can be seen as a running parallel throughout a child’s life every day, it happened for every human who interacts with other people to share information since they were a child. It looks closely at the acquisition of the early age of Virendra, he was a child under 5 age who lives in the Sundanese environment and he is not familiar with English as a foreign language. Virendra was familiar with Arabic literature previously in his house, and he knows English in the formal school of his Playgroup up to now in kindergarten, the writer tried to report this case using a descriptive method. The data is collected while he was used the language in the school and how his parents influence his language acquisition in the house. And it is conducted to know how well Virendra’s comprehension in producing language. Beside it, this study is expected to the parents to lead the child in using language.
Pengaruh Insektisida Campuran Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus) dan Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) Terhadap Hama Kutu Kebul (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) Pada Budidaya Tanaman Kedelai Edamame
Authors: Utami Kaamaliaa Anisya Sari , Damanhuri FNU
Published: May 2020

Bemisia tabaci merupakan hama utama kedelai Edamame. Pestisida nabati berpotensi mengendalikan Bemisia tabaci  berbahan aktif  flovonoid, polifenol, tanin, saponin, citronella, dan minyak atsiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui  Efektifitas Insektisida, Populasi, Intensitas Serangan Bemisia tabaci, Berat polong dan Jumlah polong Edamame. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret sampai Mei 2019 di desa Dukuh Mencek, Kecamatan Sukorambi, Kabupaten Jember dengan membandingkan lahan Konversi Organik dan Konvensional. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji non parametrik menggunkan SPSS 15. Berdasarkan hasil uji efikasi insektisida terhadap Bemisia sp., diperoleh hasil bahwa konsentrasi insektisida kombinasi 15% memberikan hasil terbaik dengan kematian rataan 83,33%. Populasi pada perlakuan konversi organik yaitu 4,887 ekor per rumpun dan populasi pada perlakuan konvensional yaitu 2,364 per rumpun. Intensitas serangan pada perlakuan konversi organik yaitu 0,054% dan pada perlakuan konvensional yaitu 0,055%. Pada teknik budidaya konversi organik berat polong yaitu 46,96 g per rumpun dengan jumlah polong 26,50 buah dan pada teknik budidaya konvensional berat polong yaitu 52,72 g per rumpun dengan jumlah polong 30,02 buah.
Risk Management in the Production of Sugar in Mojo Sugar Factory, Sragen Regency
Authors: Bakdiyah Rizki Musidatun , Barokah Umi , Sundari Mei Tri
Published: May 2020

This research aims to determine the risk, kind of risks and formulate the risk handling strategies in the sugar production in Mojo Sugar Factory, Sragen Regency. The analysis method used the variation coefficients (CV) score and Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) approach. The results showed the score of CV is 0.77> 0.5 which means that there is a high risk of sugar production in Mojo Sugar Factory. There are 12 risks identified in this research. The risks with low status are the risk of broken sugar cane and risk of the damaged truck; The risks with medium status miscalculations risk in the yield distribution and the late receipt of funds from PTPN IX. The risk of high status is new tools operation difficulties. The risk of very high status is low sugar cane quality, sugar cane sent to other factories, steam drop, the tools and machines performance stopping while grinding, sugar cane production that is below RKAP, losses, and the total production of sugar that is below the RKAP. The risk management strategies for low-status risks are giving strict punishment to farmers’ partners and more regular and scheduled maintenance. The management strategies for medium status is involving technology in calculating results and implementing wiser based financial management. The management strategy for high-status risk is assisting the operation of new tools by experts. The management strategies for very high status are holding an intensive meeting, conducting education, training programs for employees, benchmarking with other sugar factories which have better performance, make a good relation with the partner.
 
Keywords— Risk; Risk Management; ERM; Risk Analysis; Sugar
Effects of E-Marketing and Social Media Marketing on E-commerce Shopping Decisions
Authors: Priansa Donni Juni , Suryawardani Bethani
Published: May 2020

This research analyzes how marketing through electronic media, marketing through social media, and purchasing decisions on e-commerce sites; testing whether marketing through electronic media has a positive effect on buy decisions at e-commerce sites; testing whether marketing through social media has a positive effect on buy decisions at e-commerce sites; and test whether marketing through electronic media and social media marketing has effect on buy decisions at e-commerce sites. The survey method was used in this study. The population of e-commerce consumer research in Bandung. The sample size used was 125 samples. Path analysis used to analyze data. Findings, marketing through electronic media, marketing through social media, and consumer decisions were in the high category. Marketing through electronic media has effect to buy decisions at 45.35%; Marketing through social media has effect to buy decisions at 35.73%. Marketing through electronic media and social media has effect to consumer decisions at 81.08%.
Keywords: E-marketing; Social Media Marketing; Purchase Decision
PERSPECTIVAS TEÓRICO-EPISTEMOLÓGICAS DO PLANEJAMENTO DOCENTE EM TRABALHOS ACADÊMICOS: TERRITÓRIOS DO INSTITUÍDO E DE CRIAÇÃO
Authors: Faria Izaque Moura de , Gomes Larissa Ferreira Rodrigues
Published: May 2020

O presente texto objetiva mapear territórios em que diferentes perspectivas teórico-metodológicas de planejamento docente são expressas a partir da análise de trabalhos acadêmicos de mestrado e doutorado produzidos do ano de 2013 a 2018. Trabalhos em que o planejamento docente assume diferentes assinaturas expressivas, de acordo com a política educacional que lhes move, e a partir dos quais – tomando a cartografia como procedimento metodológico – delineamos dois movimentos: planejamento instituinte e planejamento criação, donde desejamos perspectivar o planejamento docente enquanto linha de forças para as práticas educativas e para uma política educacional intensiva. Assim, tendo como principais intercessores teóricos Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, com a filosofia da diferença, além dos autores dos trabalhos acadêmicos que compuseram os territórios aqui mapeados, compreendemos que o planejamento docente nas pesquisas de pós-graduação possui fortes demarcações, mas com possibilidades para criação como linha de forças.
Dermatomyositis as a presenting feature of locally advanced breast cancer
Authors: Bothra Sneha J. , Goyal Pankaj , Jain Parveen , Doval Dinesh C.
Published: May 2020

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women in India. Although it is a common malignancy, it may sometimes present with rare manifestations of idiopathic autoimmune inflammatory myopathy. The diagnosis can be challenging as the skin manifestations may be masked by the advanced nature of the disease. Here, we present a case of a postmenopausal lady who presented with a breast lump with overlying skin rash extending up to the neck. It was initially considered to be a part of locally advanced breast cancer. However, subsequently, she presented with proximal muscle weakness with typical electromyographic features and raised muscle enzymes. Her symptoms started resolving with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Feature-Based Molecular Networking Analysis of the Metabolites Produced by in vitro Solid-State Fermentation Reveals Pathways for the Bioconversion of Epigallocatechin Gallate
Authors: Xie Hao-Fen , Kong Ya-Shuai , Li Ru-Ze , Nothias Louis-Felix , Melnik Alexey V. , Zhang Hong , Liu Lu-Lu , An Ting-Ting , Liu Rui , Yang Zi , Ke Jia-Ping , Zhang Peng , Bao Guan-Hu , Xie Zhong-Wen , Li Da-Xiang , Wan Xiaochun , Dai Qian-Ying , Zhang Liang , Zhao Ming , An Mao-Qiang , Long Yan-Hua , Ling Tie-Jun
Published: May 2020

Dark teas are prepared by a microbial fermentation process. Flavan-3-ol B-ring fission analogues (FBRFAs) are some of the key bioactive constituents that characterise dark teas. The precursors and the synthetic mechanism involved in the formation of FBRFAs are not known. Using a unique solid-state fermentation system with β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexation, as well as targeted chromatographic isolation, spectroscopic identification, and Feature-based Molecular Networking (FBMN) on the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) web-platform, we reveal that dihydromyricetin and the FBRFAs, including teadenol A and fuzhuanin A, are derived from epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) upon exposure to fungal strains isolated from Fuzhuan brick tea. In particular the strains from subphylum Pezizomycotina were key drivers for these B-/C-ring oxidation transformations. These are the same transformations seen during the fermentation process of dark teas. These discoveries set the stage to enrich dark teas and other food products for these health promoting constituents.
Low-frequency (gigahertz to terahertz) depolarized Raman scattering off n-alkanes, cycloalkanes, and six-membered rings: a physical interpretation
Authors: Farrell Andrew J. , Jiménez Mario González , Ramakrishnan Gopakumar , Wynne Klaas
Published: May 2020

Molecular liquids have long been known to undergo various distinct and simple intermolecular motions, from fast librations and cage rattling oscillations to slow orientational and translational diffusion. However, their resultant gigahertz to terahertz spectra are far from simple, appearing as broad shapeless bands that span many orders of magnitude of frequency making meaningful interpretation troublesome. Ad hoc spectral lineshape fitting has become a notoriously fine art in the field; a unified approach to handling such spectra is long overdue. Here we apply ultrafast optical Kerr-effect (OKE) spectroscopy to study the intermolecular dynamics of room temperature n-alkanes, cycloalkanes, and six-carbon rings, as well as liquid methane and propane. This work provides stress-tests and converges upon an experimentally robust model across simple molecular series and temperatures, providing a blueprint for the interpretation of the dynamics of van der Waals liquids. This will enable the interpretation of low frequency spectra of more complex liquids.
Reversible Electrochemical Ion Intercalation at an Electrified Liquid|liquid Interface Functionalised with Porphyrin Nanostructures
Authors: Molina-Osorio Andrés F. , Manzanares José A. , Gamero-Quijano Alonso , Scanlon Micheal D.
Published: May 2020

Ion intercalation into solid matrices influences the performance of key components in most energy storage devices (Li-ion batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, etc.). Electrochemical methods provide key information on the thermodynamics and kinetics of these ion transfer processes but are restricted to matrices supported on electronically conductive substrates. In this article, the electrified liquid|liquid interface is introduced as an ideal platform to probe the thermodynamics and kinetics of reversible ion intercalation with non-electronically active matrices. Zinc(II) meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrins were self-assembled into floating films of ordered nanostructures at the water|a,a,a-trifluorotoluene interface. Electrochemically polarising the aqueous phase negatively with respect to the organic phase lead to organic ammonium cations intercalating into the zinc porphyrin nanostructures by binding to anionic carboxyl sites and displacing protons through ion exchange at neutral carboxyl sites. The cyclic voltammograms suggested a positive cooperativity mechanism for ion intercalation linked with structural rearrangements of the porphyrins within the nanostructures, and were modelled using a Frumkin isotherm. The model also provided a robust understanding of the dependence of the voltammetry on the pH and organic electrolyte concentration. Kinetic analysis was performed using potential step chronoamperometry, with the current transients composed of “adsorption” and nucleation components. The latter were associated with domains within the nanostructures where, due to structural rearrangments, ion binding and exchange took place faster. This work opens opportunities to study the thermodynamics and kinetics of purely ionic ion intercalation reactions (not induced by redox reactions) in floating solid matrices using any desired electrochemical method.
The effect of body mass index on functional outcome of patients with knee arthroplasty with and without hip abductor muscle strengthening: six months Follow-Up of a Randomized Pilot Study.
Authors: Sampath baireddy  , Ajeet kumar saharan  , Vinod kathju  , Yatheendrakumar G  , Manisha Saharan  , Sivajyothi N
Published: May 2020

As with aging, the prevalence of knee arthroplasty surgery has also increased. Similarly with age obesity has also increasing in parallel way. Many studies have been speculating that abductor muscle strength has more effect on the outcome of patients with knee arthroplasty when included in physiotherapy intervention, but no studies demonstrated the influence of BMI (body mass index) on the outcome comparing with and out abductor muscle strengthening in physiotherapy intervention. The aim of this study isto investigate the effect of BMI on the physiotherapy interventions with and without hip abductor muscle strengthening. This randomised pilot trial was carried out at Vagdevi College of physiotherapy, Warangal. The study participants are classified for elective TKR (total knee replacement) were randomised to normal weight group and obese group. Further both groups are subdivided into standard physiotherapy group and abductor strengthening plus standard physiotherapy group. All the group subjects underwent FIM (functional independent measure)score, abductorstrengthening and six minute walk test at various intervals and followed for six months. All the groups showed improvements in functional outcome irrespective of BMI indicating BMI has minimal effect on the functional outcomes following TKR. The study concludes that hip abductor groups had greater effect on knee function than the standard conventional standard physiotherapy protocol irrespective of BMIeffect.
The Corona care – Prevention is better than cure
Authors: Archana R  , Varadharaju B
Published: May 2020

The threat of Coronavirus disease caused by a novel corona virus SARS-Cov2 is becoming a global life threatening situation. In the affected countries and regions , innumerable measures have been enforced to reduce the person to person virus transmission as well as to curb the outbreak. In the case of  infectious pandemics like this, prevention is always better than cure. The specific focus of preventive measures is more on the susceptible population of children , health care providers and elderly people. Many of the people practice safety measures without proper knowledge as to whether these measures are sufficient or not to prevent the spread of the virus . It is therefore highly relevant to be aware of the  preventive measures for Corona so as to practice it effectively. The major  primary preventive measures to be implemented are regular practice of hygienic measures, social distancing , avoiding person to person contact , judicious use of masks, practice of screening and quarantine. Along with these, usage of  secondary preventive measures along with avoidance of the risk factors are to be properly exercised. The current review highlights  thepractice of  salient primary measures, secondary measures and screening measures along with the elaboration of risk factors which will beadvantageous in adding to the knowledge and awareness about effective prevention for Covid 19.
Two Cu(II)-based coordination polymers: structural diversity and treatment activity against neonatal sepsis by enhancing the anti-bacterial response of the immune system
Authors: Qiu J. , Wang X.-X. , Gong X. , Zhang W.-X.
Published: May 2020

In this work, two Cu(II)-based coordination polymers with the chemical formulae of [Cu(333cptpy)2]n·2nH2O (1, H333cptpy = 4'-(3-carboxyphenyl)-3,2':6',3''-terpyridine) and [Cu(233cptpy)2(H2O)2]n (2, H233cptpy = 4'-(2-carboxyphenyl)-3,2':6',3''-terpyridine) are hydrothermally synthesized using two positionally isomeric pyridyl-carboxylate ligands. The two as-prepared complexes are studied via X-ray single crystal diffraction along with the elemental analysis. Furthermore, the protective effect of compounds 1 and 2 against neonatal sepsis is evaluated. Firstly, ELISA is performed to detect the content of the C-reactive protein (CRP) in the serum of newborns after treatment with compounds 1 and 2. Next, the inflammatory level in the body is detected by the RT-PCR measurement of nf-κb and tnf-α.
To the history of Antarctica: from discovery to research
Authors: Melnikov I. A.
Published: May 2020

Systematic study of Antarctica began only a century and a half after its discovery by the Russian expedition of F. Bellingshausen and M. Lazarev on the sloops “Vostok” and “Mirny” on January 16 (20), 1820. Since the International Geophysical Year (IGY) in 1956, regular studies of ice cover, subglacial topography, geomorphology of the surrounding seas and bottom sediments, as well as marine and continental biological communities have begun on the continent and coastal waters. Scientists from the Institute of Oceanology took part in the first Russian Antarctic expeditions. Their work gave new knowledge about the nature of Antarctica and largely determined the scientific direction of its future research.
Valyashko – the founder of a new approach to the study of the magnetic field of the ocean
Authors: Gorodnitskiy A. M. , Shishkina N. A.
Published: May 2020

G.M. Valyashko is one of the founders of the new methodology for processing and interpreting the results of marine magnetometric measurements. In the 70s, he created an automated system for collecting and processing geophysical information, which was called “Sailor”. G.M. Valyashko continuously improved the Sailor, who lived a long life on the ships of the Institute of Oceanology from the first on-board computers to modern personal computers.
Impact of music on reaction time, attention, short term memory and verbal fluency: A gender-based study
Authors: Anwar Ujalla , Fazal Amila , Mirza Faizan
Published: May 2020

Background: Music is beneficial for adults, it enhances psychological comfort, self-confidence, self-esteem, and lowers the symptoms of anxiety, pain and depression, relieving stress by improving life quality and thus providing satisfaction. It holds the capacity to initiate a multitude of cognitive processes in the brain. We aim to evaluate and compare the effects of music on reaction time, attention, working capacity of short-term memory and verbal fluency of male and female subjects.

Methodology: An observational study was conducted on a sample of 300 subjects either males or females between the age groups of 19 to 30 years, affiliated with different universities and institutes. After inclusion, these subjects were divided into two groups, standard and experimental group with 150 subjects in each group. Ruler & Drop method test and Stroop test with or without music were used to test the reaction time (RT) and attention, respectively. Whereas, working capacity of short-term memory was tested using the George A. Miller rule of memory. And verbal fluency was evaluated using semantic verbal fluency (SVF) and phonological verbal fluency (PVF) tests. The data was analyzed using SPSS Version 22.

Results: The comparative mean values between the groups for RT, attention, short-term memory and verbal fluency scores were greater among the subjects in the experimental group as the tests were performed in association with musical interference. Mean reaction time for both visual and tactile cues were significantly increased in the experimental group i.e. 0.151±0.034 (males) and 0.124 ±0.050 (females) for tactile cues and 0.150 ±0.042 (males) and 0.152 ±0.033 (females). Moreover, Stroop interference also increased in both genders while short-term memory score declined from high to average and verbal fluency was also compromised due to musical interference.

Conclusion: It is concluded from the study results that music holds both positive and negative effects on brain activity. It imparts positive effect on both RT and attention but in case of the working capacity of short-term memory and verbal fluency, the effects are negative.
Effects of the guided disclosure protocol on post-traumatic growth: A randomized control trial designed to observe psychophysiological alterations in traumatic stress subjects
Authors: Noushad Shamoon , Ahmed Sadaf
Published: May 2020

Background: The two constructs traumatic stress and Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) are distinct and the psychophysiological relationship is yet to be explained. It’s a long debate that the victims who survive through the traumatic event only perceive that their suffering has helped them in improving their lives after the event or the experience actually improved functioning.

Objective: The purpose of designing this randomized control trial is to observe psychophysiological alterations associated with PTG in traumatic stress subjects.

Methodology: This Multicenter study is planned to investigate the effectiveness of the guided disclosure protocol (GDP) for the promotion of PTG, in the traumatic stress subjects and to determine whether PTG is associated with psychophysiological alterations i.e. (C-Reactive Protein, Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor, Interlukin-6, Cortisol, Heart Rate Variability and brain waves). Study subjects meeting eligibility criteria will be randomized into two groups. GDP will be used as intervention vs the control. Blinded treatment will be provided and the subjects will be made to complete study questionnaires (Screening, Traumatic Stress Scale SSS, Trauma Symptom Checklist, Post-traumatic growth Inventory) at baseline and at post-intervention (3-months later).

Discussion: This study might give us insight about the application and efficacy of GDP in a population that is seeking help and underrepresented to be clinical. Moreover, one of the more hopeful findings of this research will be significant information about trauma-related psychophysiological effects.
Workplace harassment & discrimination faced by women at District Dera Ghazi Khan
Authors: Aisha Khan  , Uzma Masroor
Published: May 2020

Background: Gender based workplace harassment has existed in one form or another ever since men and women began interacting at educational institutes or workplaces. Pakistani women are facing great difficulty in their workplace due to harassment and discrimination they face in their daily life. The aim of this study was to identify the causes and reasons of harassment among working women at Dera Ghazi Khan.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study continued for one year from 2010 to 2011, including women working at various public and private institutions of Dera Ghazi Khan (DGK). A total of 180 working women were selected through convenience sampling. Data including sociodemographic characteristics together with harassment history like type of harassment experienced, knowledge and perceptions regarding harassment was recorded through a pre-designed questionnaire. The collected data was then analyzed using SPSS Version 17.0.

Results: Based on the study results women mostly faced discrimination regarding education (23%), disability (11%), job status (8%), marital status (5%), appearance (7%) and gender-related (9%), etc. Around 98% women reported that they had experienced workplace harassment and the mode of harassment was mostly verbal i.e. 96%. Moreover, 82% women reported that the disclosure of the harassment event was not encouraged at their workplace, one of the major reasons for this was thought be the pressure from the management. Out of the total only 13.3% women were having knowledge of harassment bill passed in 2010. Loneliness, isolation and loss of interest in outings were few of the effects caused in response to workplace harassment.

Conclusion: It is evident that the workplace harassment incidences are frequent in DGK but due to societal pressures, majority remain unreported. It is recommended that females must know their rights and government must take suitable measures to build up strong anti- harassment policies in order to strengthen women in this regard.
Infidelity and its impact in the perspective of women
Authors: Zoiya Naz  , Naila Usman
Published: May 2020

Background: One of the biggest reasons of marital disintegration and domestic violence is infidelity in a marriage. With passing time, Infidelity has become common practice. Men and women see infidelity differently and the cultural differences also categorize infidelity based on the gender of the betrayer especially in the Muslim world. This study was sought to explore the perspective of women regarding infidelity and its impact.

Methodology: This observational study was carried out over 100 married women between 21 to 50 years of age. Information was collected through a structured questionnaire based on items related to perspectives, impacts of infidelity and jealousy related patterns among women. The data was gathered by the interviewer after obtaining permission from each respondent. Collected data was then analyzed using SPSS Version 22.0.  

Results: The results showed that, a significant number of women thought that emotional infidelity (55%) is more harmful as compared to sexual infidelity (40%). The major reason for infidelity according to most women (38%) was the lack of marital satisfaction while 25% suggested loneliness as the reason for infidelity. Moreover, 63% of women suggested that cheating of the partner affects both physical and mental health, while 28% suggested that infidelity act can cause psychological problems. Sexting (60%) & following someone on a social networking site (56%) were thought as the major behaviors of infidelity.  94% women were completely distressed due to sexual relationship of the spouse.

Conclusion: The present study showed women’s perceptions regarding infidelity and their experiences, that are significantly important for couple’s therapy and consultations. Thus, for women, infidelity is a reason of divorce, domestic violence and other problems, which harm a woman both physiologically and psychologically.
Microbial Flora on the White Coats of Dental Staff, Karachi
Authors: Iqbal Sana , Ahmed Sufyan , Aslam Ayesha , Kashif Mehwash , Khan Irfan , Khan Irfan , Khan Nabeel
Published: May 2020

Background: Wearing a white coat is recognized as a crucial part of medical practice. The definite use of white coats and how frequently they are reformed varies significantly among individual doctors and their specialties. There has always been some worry that white coats, like nurses’ uniforms and other hospital garments, may essentially play a part in spreading pathogenic bacteria. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the risk of transmission of pathogenic micro-organisms through the white coats of dental staff.

 Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Karachi Medical and Dental College (KMDC) from 4th August to 4th October 2019. 200 white coats samples were collected and sent to the KMDC laboratory. Samples were cultured on blood agar and MacConkeys' agar. SPSS version 17.0 was used to analyze the data and chi-square and Fisher exact test were applied for significance testing.

Result: It was noted that most 150(75%) of the respondents washed their coats only once a week and 18(9%) had the habit of exchanging aprons. On the basis of self-grading, majority 158(79%) of the aprons were dirty, spillage was observed on 111(55.5%) aprons and 152(76%) of healthcare professionals did not remove lab coats while dining. Dental health professionals mostly kept their aprons on tables and about 53% of microorganisms were found in the upper region of aprons. The Gram-positive organisms were isolated as predominant ones from the samples obtained from the aprons.

Conclusion: White coats and aprons serve as an important source of cross infection. Guidelines should be formulated for their effective cleaning, washing and appropriate handling.
Berel’deki 11. Kurgan ve Pazırık Kültürü
Authors: KUTLU Mehmet , KUTLU Leila
Published: May 2020

Altay Dağları’nın batı ucunda yer alan Berel Kurganları, Kazakistan’ın Doğu Kazakistan Vilayeti’nde yer almaktadır. Berel’de sayıları 100’ü aşan sayıda kurgan bulunmaktadır. 11. Kurgan, Berel’deki en büyük kurganlardan biridir. Mimari özellikleri ve zengin buluntularından dolayı hanedan üyelerine ait olduğu düşünülmektedir. Dendrokronolojik araştırmalara göre MÖ 4. yüzyıla tarihlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışma, bilimsel literatürün değerlendirilmesinin yanı sıra yazarların 2019 yaz aylarında Berel Kurganları’nda yürütülen kazı çalışmalarına katılımına ve yerinde incelenmelerine dayanmaktadır. Özellikle Prof. Dr. Zainolla Samashev ve ekibi tarafından 1998 yılında kazısı gerçekleştirilen Pazırık Kültürü’nün Doğu Kazakistan’daki kolu olan Berel’deki 11. Kurgan’da permafrost koşullar sayesinde iyi korunabilen arkeolojik buluntuların ve organik materyallerin inceleme ve analizlerinin sonuçları değerlendirilmektedir. Öncelikle kurganın mimarisiyle permafrost katmanlarının oluşması için gerekli koşulları sağlayan yapısal özellikler irdelenmektedir. Ayrıca 11. Kurgan’a defnedilen kişiler ve onlara ebedi hayatlarında eşlik etmesi düşüncesiyle konulan eşyalar ile at gömülerinin inceleme ve yorumu yapılmıştır. Bununla birlikte Berel Müzesi’nde teşhir edilen 11. Kurgan’a ait arkeolojik buluntuların ve rekonstrüksiyonların incelenmesine dayanan değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.
Haydarpaşa İngiliz Mezarlığı’nda Mezar Taşı Heykeltıraşları ve Damgaları
Authors: SAĞ Mustafa Kaan , KESKİN Mustafa Çağhan
Published: May 2020

Haydarpaşa İngiliz Mezarlığı, Kırım Savaşı’nda (1853-1856) ölen Britanyalı askerlerin defnedilmesi için oluşturulmuş, 1867’den itibaren sivil Britanyalıların da defnine açılmıştır. Mezarlığın kurgusu, Kraliçe Viktorya döneminde (1837-1901) Britanya’da yaygınlaşan Viktoryen mezarlıkların tasarımı ile uyuşmaktadır. Bu kurguyu oluşturan başlıca öğeler, mezarlığın konumu, peyzaj düzenlemesi, Kraliçe Viktorya tarafından diktirilen Kırım Savaşı Anıtı ve de mezar taşlarının tasarımıdır. Bu makalede öncelikle Viktoryen mezarlık kavramının doğuşu ve bileşenleri, erken ve geç dönem Osmanlı mezarlıklarıyla olan etkileşimi üzerinden irdelenecek, ardından Haydarpaşa İngiliz Mezarlığı’na Viktoryen karakterini veren başlıca öğelerden mezar taşlarının tasarımı, taşa biçim veren heykeltıraş ve mezarda yatan şahısların kimliği ışığında incelenecektir. Mezar taşlarının kaide kısımlarında rastlanan ve günümüzde zorlukla okunabilen heykeltıraş damgaları, bu taşların büyük bir çoğunluğunun Britanya’daki atölyelerde imal edilip buraya getirildiğini göstermektedir. Bir kısım taş ise yerli heykeltıraş ustalar tarafından üretilmiştir. Alamet-i farika niteliği taşıyan bu damgalar, Viktorya Dönemi zanaatkarları tarafından yaygınca kullanılmakla beraber üretici kişi ya da firmanın ismini ve adresini göstermektedir. Bu damgaların, mezarlıkta yerli ustalar tarafından da kullanılmış olması, geç dönem Osmanlı mezarlıkları çalışan araştırmacılar için metodolojik açıdan yeni bir araştırma yöntemi sunmaktadır. Kolaylıkla gözden kaçabilecek bu damgalar, üretici bilgilerini içermesi sebebiyle üreticinin diğer işlerine de ulaşmayı sağlarken, tasarım analizinde bahsedilen işlerle analoji yapmayı olanaklı kılacaktır.
Samsat Kazılarında Bulunan Cam Bilezikler
Authors: UYSAL Zekiye
Published: May 2020

Bugün Atatürk Baraj Gölü’nün suları altında kalmış durumdaki Samsat (Samosat), Kommagene Krallığı’nın başkentiydi. Kentin Romalılar tarafından fethedildikten sonra da önemini koruduğu bilinmektedir. Samsat 7. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru Müslümanlar tarafından ele geçirilmiştir. Bunu izleyen asırlarda Emeviler ve Abbasiler ile Bizans İmparatorluğu arasında sürekli el değiştiren yerleşim, 12. yüzyıl ortalarından itibaren Selçuklu emirliklerinin kontrolüne geçer. Arkasından İlhanlılar, Dulkadiroğulları Beyliği ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu egemenliklerini yaşar. İslam kaynaklarında Sümeysat adıyla geçen kentin harabeleri, sular altında kalmadan önce çeşitli araştırmacılar tarafından incelenmiştir. Ancak kentin arkeolojik değeri buradaki kurtarma kazıları sırasında anlaşılmıştır. Burada Prof. Dr. Nimet Özgüç ve ekibi tarafından 1978-1989 yılları arasında kazı çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Bu kazılarda Ortaçağ’a tarihlenen seramik, metal, cam gibi çok çeşitli malzeme grubu ele geçmiştir. Bu çalışmamızda cam buluntular arasındaki bilezikler üzerinde durulmuştur. Yayınlanmış kazı raporları, kitap ve müze kayıtlarında cam buluntulara ilişkin stratigrafik ayrıntılar yeterli olmadığından; bileziklerin aidiyetlerinin belirlenmesi ve tarihlendirilmelerinde üslûp ve teknik özellikler esas alınmıştır. Samsat’ta çok sayıda ele geçen bileziklerden 22 tanesi seçilerek katalog oluşturulmuştur. Bilezikleri burmalı, düz yüzeyli, sırtı profilli (yivli), paralel lif sarmalı ve boyalı bilezikler olmak üzere beş grupta inceleyebiliriz. Bu bilezikler lif sarma (eklentili) veya halka çevirme (eklentisiz) tekniklerinde yapılmışlardır. Renk olarak boyalı bileziklerde siyah, diğer tiplerdeki bileziklerde mavi ve tonları, yeşil ve tonları kullanılmıştır. Siyah cam üzerine mineleme tekniğiyle yapılmış boyalı bilezikler Bizans devrine aittirler ve 10-12 yüzyıllar arasına tarihlenirler. Sırtı profilli (yivli), düz yüzeyli ve paralel lif sarmalı ve burmalı bilezikler için ise kesin ifadelerden kaçınmak gerekir. Samsat kazılarında fırına rastlanmamıştır ama burada üretim yapıldığına işaret eden çok sayıda cam külçeleri ele geçmiştir. Hem cam buluntularının çokluğu hem de cam külçelerinin varlığı sebebiyle Samsat’ın Orta çağ cam üretim merkezleri arasına eklenmesi gerektiği kanısındayız.
Dizer-mostrando na experiência de realização de um documentário etnográfico
Authors: Santos Jenniffer Simpson dos
Published: May 2020

Os discursos colonialista, capitalista e patriarcal são hábeis em manter viva uma memória que recorta e preserva somente aquilo que lhes interessa, deixando claro que uma disputa narrativa também é uma disputa de mundos. Uma vez que não há aleatoriedade na produção social de lembranças e de esquecimentos, convocar vozes e corporalidades que não ficaram ou não ficariam gravadas como história é uma forma de dialogar, opondo-se ao logocentrismo e a uma tradição hegemônica de violências. Este ensaio tem por objetivo refletir acerca dos diversos modos de dizer enquanto experiência incorporada a partir da realização de um documentário etnográfico.
Mulheres e travestis em situação de prostituição: experiências fronteiriças abissais que se erguem nas ruas
Authors: Carvalho Claudia Cristina Ferreira , Passos Luiz Augusto
Published: May 2020

As ruas, becos, praças e avenidas das cidades modernas expressam muito de uma cartografia abissal. Trata-se de um universo regido por dicotomias excludentes que dividem a realidade social entre aqueles/as considerados/as humanos e aqueles/as que ainda lutam para serem reconhecidos/as como tais. Nessa conjuntura, as experiências das mulheres e travestis que vivem das/nas ruas exercendo a profissão do sexo, que trataremos neste artigo, permitem entrever, num diálogo com as Epistemologias do Sul, a complexidade que há na interseccionalidade das três grandes formas de dominação: o heteropatriarcado, o colonialismo e o capitalismo e, como estes sistema de poder desigual operam conjuntamente na produção das linhas abissais que regulam os processos de produção do sofrimento humano.
Порівняльна оцінка технологічних методів цементації та іонно-плазмового азотування при їх використанні для зміцнення високонавантажених вузлів авіаційної техніки
Authors: Джус Р.М. , Стадніченко М.Г. , Попов В.В. , Плешкунов С.А. , Семенов Я.І.
Published: May 2020

У статті представлені результати порівняльної оцінки технологічних методів цементації та іонно-плазмового азотування при їх використанні для зміцнення високонавантажених вузлів авіаційної техніки. Оцінка проводилася порівнянням контактної втомної міцності при проведенні довготривалих випробувань при терті кочення з проковзуванням поверхонь, зміцнених традиційною газовою цементацією і іонно-плазмовим азотуванням по технології “АВІНІТ N” (АТ “ФЕД”). Експерименти проводились на машині тертя 2070 СМТ‑1 на зразках, виготовлених з жароміцної сталі 20Х3МВФ ГОСТ 20072.
Ensino da Língua Brasileira de Sinais nos cursos de graduação em Odontologia do Sudeste brasileiro: um estudo transversal
Authors: Medeiros Yuri De Lima , Lopes Danielle Fernandes , Faria Luan Viana , Soares Mônica Regina Pereira Senra , Silvério Carla Couto de Paula
Published: May 2020

O atendimento odontológico de pacientes surdos é considerado um desafio. A falta de contato dos estudantes com a Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras) durante a graduação pode ser um fator agravante da condição de saúde bucal desta população. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi oferecer um panorama sobre a inclusão da disciplina de Libras nos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos de graduação em Odontologia da Região Sudeste do Brasil. Consiste em um estudo exploratório, quantitativo e transversal. As matrizes curriculares dos cursos foram analisadas, buscando-se as informações referentes às variáveis: categoria administrativa da Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES), oferta e natureza do componente curricular e carga horária. A população do estudo foi constituída por 176 IES, das quais 32 não disponibilizaram suas respectivas matrizes curriculares. Observou-se que 125 cursos (86,8%) eram de IES particulares e 19 (13,19%) de públicas, com 83 (57,63%) oferecendo o componente curricular Libras em sua matriz, sendo que 71 (91,02%) das 78 IES que disponibilizaram a informação ofertam o conteúdo como opcional ou eletivo. A carga horária variou de 30 a 80 horas, com média de 49,7h. Conclui-se que a implementação da Libras ainda é discreta nas universidades públicas e mais concentrada nas IES privadas, sendo, em sua maioria, não-obrigatória.
INFORMATION TRANSFER EFFECTIVENESS OF WARNING AND TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS OF AUDIO-EXCHANGE UNDER NOISE CONDITIONS
Authors: Kholkina Natalya
Published: May 2020

In the paper shown there is presented an approach to the solution of the problem of the effectiveness parameter assessment in telecommunication systems of operational and command communication, systems of warning speakerphone and audio-exchange.

There are considered the matters of the dependence investigation of the acoustic speech signal/noise ratio to the assurance of the required syllabic legibility for the possibility to increase the function effectiveness of telecommunication systems and information exchange operated under complex noise situation. There is shown the dependence of formant legibility upon the meaning of average geometric frequencies in each i-th band of a frequency spectrum of acoustic speech signals. The degree of the impact upon syllabic legibility of the acoustic speech signal/noise ratio is shown. In the paper it is shown that for obtaining speech information with syllabic legibility higher than 93% required for complete perception by a subscriber it is necessary to ensure the acoustic signal/noise ratio at the level no less than 20 dB. The problems in the probability density approximation of acoustic signals with the use of generalized polynomials on function basis systems are presented.