bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Phytotoxicity of Selected Phosphonium Ionic Liquid
Authors: Biczak Robert , Bałczewski Piotr , Pawłowska Barbara , Bachowska Barbara , Rychter Piotr
Published: July 2014

Ionic liquids have attracted considerable interest in various areas as new, non-volatile and non-flammable organic solvents, catalysts, reaction additives, ligands, drugs and other dedicated materials etc. Their general use, sometimes in bulky quantities, requires determination of their potential ecotoxicity on selected organisms. In the present work, influence of triphenylmethylphosphonium iodide (1) and triphenylhexadecylphosphonium iodide (2), introduced to soil, on germination and early stages of growth and development of superior plants was investigated using the plant growth test based on the OECD/OCDE 208/2006. In this test, the seeds of selected species, i.e. land superior plants - spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) and common radish (Raphanus sativus L. subvar. radicula Pers.) were planted in pots containing soil to which a test chemical compound had been added and in pots with control soil. To evaluate the phytotoxicity of ionic liquids 1 and 2 germination and weight (dry and fresh) of control plant seedlings were determined and compared with the germination and weight (dry and fresh) of the seedlings of plants grown in the soil watered with appropriate amounts of the test chemicals. The visual assessment of any types of damage to the test species, such as growth inhibition, chlorosis and necrosis, was also carried out and documented by digital photographs. Based on the obtained results, magnitudes of the LOEC - the lowest concentration causing observable effects in the form of reduction in growth and germination compared with the control and the NOEC - the highest concentration not causing observable, toxic effects - were also determined.
Influence of Feature Selection Methods on Classification Sensitivity Based on the Example of A Study of Polish Voivodship Tourist Attractiveness
Authors: Bąk Iwona
Published: July 2014

The purpose of this article is to determine the influence of various methods of selection of diagnostic features on the sensitivity of classification. Three options of feature selection are presented: a parametric feature selection method with a sum (option I), a median of the correlation coefficients matrix column elements (option II) and the method of a reversed matrix (option III). Efficiency of the groupings was verified by the indicators of homogeneity, heterogeneity and the correctness of grouping. In the assessment of group efficiency the approach with the Weber median was used. The undertaken problem was illustrated with a research into the tourist attractiveness of voivodships in Poland in 2011.
The Effect of a Single Session of Whole-Body Vibration Training in Recreationally Active Men on the Excitability of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System
Authors: Chmielewska Daria , Piecha Magdalena , Blaszczak Edward , Król Piotr , Smykla Agnieszka , Juras Grzegorz
Published: July 2014

Vibration training has become a popular method used in professional sports and recreation. In this study, we examined the effect of whole-body vibration training on the central nervous system and muscle excitability in a group of 28 active men. Subjects were assigned randomly to one of two experimental groups with different variables of vibrations. The chronaximetry method was used to evaluate the effect of a single session of whole-body vibration training on the excitability of the rectus femoris and brachioradialis muscles. The examination of the fusing and flickering frequencies of the light stimulus was performed. An increase in the excitability of the quadriceps femoris muscle due to low intensity vibrations (20 Hz frequency, 2 mm amplitude) was noted, and a return to the initial values was observed 30 min after the application of vibration. High intensity vibrations (60 Hz frequency, 4 mm amplitude) caused elongations of the chronaxy time; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Neither a low intensity vibration amplitude of 2 mm (frequency of 20 Hz) nor a high intensity vibration amplitude of 4 mm (frequency of 60 Hz) caused a change in the excitability of the central nervous system, as revealed by the average frequency of the fusing and flickering of the light stimulus. A single session of high intensity whole-body vibration did not significantly decrease the excitability of the peripheral nervous system while the central nervous system did not seem to be affected.
Knowledge of Errors in the Teaching-Learning Process of Judo-Techniques: Osoto-Guruma as a Case Study
Authors: Prieto Iván , Gutiérrez-Santiago Alfonso , Lage Miguel Ángel Prieto
Published: July 2014

The aim of this article was to suggest some changes in the teaching-learning process methodology of the judo osoto-guruma technique, establishing the action sequences and the most frequent technical errors committed when performing them. The study was carried out with the participation of 45 students with no experience regarding the fundamentals of judo (21 men and 24 women; age=24.02±3.98 years old) from the Bachelor of Science of Physical Activity and Sport Science at the University of Vigo. The proceeding consisted of a systematic observation of a video recording registered during the technique execution. Data obtained were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and sequential analysis of T-Patterns (obtained with THEME v.5. Software), identifying: a) the presence of typical inaccuracies during the technique performance; b) a number of chained errors affecting body balance, the position of the supporting foot, the blocking action and the final action of the arms. Findings allowed to suggest some motor tasks to correct the identified inaccuracies, the proper sequential actions to make the execution more effective and some recommendations for the use of feedback. Moreover, these findings could be useful for other professionals in order to correct the key technical errors and prevent diverse injuries.
Soft-sediment deformation structures in seismically affected deep-sea Miocene turbidites (Cilento Basin, southern Italy)
Authors: Valente Alessio , Ślączka Andrzej , Cavuoto Giuseppe
Published: July 2014

Soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) are widespread in the upper part of the S. Mauro Formation (Cilento Group, Middle-Late Miocene). The succession is represented mainly by thick and very thick, massive, coarse-grained sandstones, deposited by rapid sedimentation of high-density turbidity currents. The most common SSDS are short pillars, dishes, sedimentary sills and convolutions. They occur mostly in the upper parts of sandstone beds. Vertical tubes of 4-5 cm in diameter and up to 50 cm long constitute the most striking structures. They begin in the middle part of sandstone beds, which are basically massive or contain faint dish structures. These tubes can bifurcate upwards and/ or pass into bedding-parallel veins or dikes. The vertical tubes sometimes form sand volcanoes on the then sedimentary surface.

The SSDS are interpreted as the result of earthquake-triggered liquefaction and/or fluidisation of the turbidites that were affected by the seismic shocks. This implies that the deformed layers should be considered as seismites.
Characteristics of the Respiratory Muscle Strength of Women and Men at Different Training Levels
Authors: Klusiewicz Andrzej , Zubik łukasz , Długołęcka Barbara , Charmas Małgorzata
Published: July 2014

Introduction
. The objective of the study was to determine the maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (PImax) of highly trained male and female athletes competing in endurance sports and of non-training students of both sexes. Analysis was conducted of the dependence of PImax levels on somatic indices and training experience. The reproducibility of the method for measuring PImax index was determined.
Material and methods
. The study examined a total of 234 training and non-training individuals (78 women and 156 men). The test subjects were measured for PImax, as well as inspiratory time, active time, passive time and diaphragm relaxation time. A group of 59 women and men (training and non-training) were tested a second time within 5-7 days of the first test to determine the reproducibility of the PImax measurements.
Results and conclusion
. The measurements were found to be highly reproducible (between the first and second tests no statistically significant differences were found, all spirometric indices included in the study were shown to demonstrate a significant correlation, and total error for all of the analyzed indexes was between 11.1 and 24.3%). Reference ranges for PImax were determined for women and men at different training levels. PImax was shown to have a positive dependence on somatic indices characterizing male and female body mass.
“I Feel a Deep Sense of Responsibility for the People we have Hurt…” – Explicit Stance Attribution in Crisis Communication Contested
Authors: Rachfał Edyta
Published: July 2014

The theme of crisis, and consequently of crisis response, has been extensively studied within the disciplines of crisis communication (see Rachfał (2013a) for an overview of crisis communication as an independent academic discipline and its place among other allied sub-disciplines of public relations) and public relations with the aim of protecting organisations or reducing the damage caused by a crisis episode (Fediuk, Pace and Botero, 2010). Nowadays, with the growing recognition of crisis response as persuasive communication there is a need for an interdisciplinary approach which would help researchers understand the effects that crisis messages have on the perceptions and behaviours of stakeholders. Therefore, this paper seeks to bridge the aforementioned disciplines and examines crisis from the perspective of linguistics. Thus, it analyses grammatical stance-marking devices (Biber, et al., 1999), which might provide insights into how speakers manipulate linguistic resources for persuasive purposes. The paper focuses on explicit stance attribution and explores how the first-person plural pronoun we is used in crisis response to alter the stakeholders’ perceptions concerning people and events. The analysis draws on statements issued in 2011 by people in top public positions in the wake of the phone-hacking scandal at the News of the World.
Hybridity in the Canadian Craft of Criminology
Authors: Braithwaite John
Published: July 2014

Canada is a distinctive and rich contributor to criminological thought. As in many things, it benefits both from its proximity to powerhouses of the discipline in the United States and from distancing itself from them. Distancing is needed because criminology is enmeshed within a pathological disciplinary structure of social science research invented in the United States and Europe. Canada embraces more hybridity than most national criminologies, though it still falls short in its openness to insights from the South and East of the globe. An important part of the hybridity it does embrace in greater measure than other western societies is wisdom from its Indigenous peoples. Restorative justice, private policing, corporate crime, and crime-war are used to illustrate strengths of Canadian hybridity. These are Canadian conversations in which Carol LaPrairie engaged evocatively.
Development and Evaluation of a Virtual Slaughterhouse Simulator for Training and Educating Veterinary Students
Authors: Seguino Alessandro , Seguino Ferruccio , Eleuteri Antonio , Rhind Susan M.
Published: July 2014

Veterinary surgeons working on farms and food-processing establishments play a fundamental role in safeguarding both public health and the welfare of animals under their care. An essential part of veterinary public health (VPH) undergraduate training in the UK involves students undertaking placements within abattoirs, a practice that remains vital to the educational experience of future veterinary professionals. However, several issues have adversely affected the ability of students to gain such extramural placements. For this reason, the Virtual Slaughterhouse Simulator (VSS) was developed to strengthen and enhance undergraduate VPH teaching at the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, enabling students to explore a realistic abattoir work environment with embedded educational activities. The aim of this research project was to evaluate the VSS as a teaching and learning tool for training and educating veterinary students. Ninety-eight final-year veterinary students engaged with the prototype VSS, followed by assessment of their knowledge and behavior when faced with a “real-life” abattoir situation. Further evaluation of their experiences with the VSS was carried out using questionnaires and focus groups. The results of this investigation show that there is the potential for the VSS to enhance the student learning experience in basic abattoir procedures. This innovative tool provides a visually based learning resource that can support traditional lectures and practical classes and can also be used to stimulate interactive problem-solving activities embedded in the relevant context.
Difficulties Experienced in Setting and Achieving Goals by Participants of a Falls Prevention Programme: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation
Authors: Haas Romi , Mason Wendy , Haines Terry P.
Published: July 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the ability of participants of a falls prevention programme to set and achieve goals. Methods: The study used a prospective longitudinal design and a mixed-methods approach to data collection. Study participants were (1) 220 older adults participating in a 15-week combined exercise and education falls prevention programme and (2) 9 practitioners (3 home-care nurses, 5 community workers, and an exercise physiologist) involved in delivering the programme. Data from goal-setting forms were analyzed, and descriptive statistics were used to determine the number of appropriate goals set and achieved. Data were analyzed according to programme setting (home- or group-based) and whether or not participants were classified as being from a Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) background in the Australian context. Semi-structured interviews with programme practitioners were thematically analyzed. Results: A total of 144 respondents (n=75 CALD group, n=41 non-CALD group, n=6 CALD home, n=22 non-CALD home) set 178 goals. Only 101 (57%) goals could be evaluated according to achievement, because participants set goals that focused on health state instead of behaviour, set goals not relevant to falls prevention, used inappropriate constructs to measure goal achievement, and either did not review their goals or dropped out of the programme before goal review. Of these 101 goals, 64 were achieved. Practitioners described their own difficulties in understanding the process of setting health behaviour goals along with communication, cultural, and logistic difficulties. Conclusions: Both CALD and non-CALD participants and those participating in both group- and home-based programmes experienced difficulty in setting and achieving goals to facilitate behaviour change for falls prevention. Data suggest that home-based participants had more difficulty in setting goals than their group-based counterparts and, to a lesser extent, that CALD participants experienced more difficulty in setting goals than their non-CALD counterparts. The use of a guided approach to goal setting and the need for more specific practitioner training and follow-up support regarding goal setting in the context of a falls prevention programme should be considered.
Nitrogen Removal over Nitrite by Aeration Control in Aerobic Granular Sludge Sequencing Batch Reactors
Authors: Lochmatter Samuel , Maillard Julien , Holliger Christof
Published: July 2014

This study investigated the potential of aeration control for the achievement of N-removal over nitrite with aerobic granular sludge in sequencing batch reactors. N-removal over nitrite requires less COD, which is particularly interesting if COD is the limiting parameter for nutrient removal. The nutrient removal performances for COD, N and P have been analyzed as well as the concentration of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in the granular sludge. Aeration phase length control combined with intermittent aeration or alternate high-low DO, has proven to be an efficient way to reduce the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria population and hence achieve N-removal over nitrite. N-removal efficiencies of up to 95% were achieved for an influent wastewater with COD:N:P ratios of 20:2.5:1. The total N-removal rate was 0.18 kgN·m−3·d−1. With N-removal over nitrate the N-removal was only 74%. At 20 °C, the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria concentration decreased by over 95% in 60 days and it was possible to switch from N-removal over nitrite to N-removal over nitrate and back again. At 15 °C, the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria concentration decreased too but less, and nitrite oxidation could not be completely suppressed. However, the combination of aeration phase length control and high-low DO was also at 15 °C successful to maintain the nitrite pathway despite the fact that the maximum growth rate of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria at temperatures below 20 °C is in general higher than the one of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria.
The Logic of the Physics of Information
Authors: Brenner Joseph
Published: July 2014

A consensus is emerging that the multiple forms, functions and properties of information cannot be captured by a simple categorization into classical and quantum information. Similarly, it is unlikely that the applicable physics of information is a single classical discipline, completely expressible in mathematical terms, but rather a complex, multi- and trans-disciplinary field involving deep philosophical questions about the underlying structure of the universe. This paper is an initial attempt to present the fundamental physics of non-quantum information in terms of a novel non-linguistic logic. Originally proposed by the Franco-Romanian thinker Stéphane Lupasco (1900–1988), this logic, grounded in quantum mechanics, can reflect the dual aspects of real processes and their evolution at biological, cognitive and social levels of reality. In my update of this logical system—Logic in Reality (LIR)—a change in perspective is required on the familiar notions in science and philosophy of causality, continuity and discontinuity, time and space. I apply LIR as a critique of current approaches to the physical grounding of information, focusing on its qualitative dualistic aspects at non-quantum levels as a set of physical processes embedded in a physical world.
Effect of Mannitol on Hyaluronic Acid Stability in Two in Vitro Models of Oxidative Stress
Authors: Rinaudo Marguerite , Lardy Bernard , Grange Laurent , Conrozier Thierry
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we propose the evaluation of the mannitol’s ability to reduce hyaluronic acid (HA) degradation using two different models of oxidative stress. Firstly, a solution of hyaluronan and a solution of the same HA including mannitol in PBS buffer were submitted to an oxidative stress generated by the addition of xanthine + xanthine oxidase generating oxygen free radicals. Different enzyme concentrations were used and the HA properties were studied after 24 h of contact at ambient temperature. Decreases of the viscosity of the solution were assessed by rheometry (viscous and elastic module) and that of HA molecular weight was determined by steric exclusion chromatography. Rheologic behavior was assessed on identical HA solutions subjected to another model of oxidative stress imposed by addition of hydrogen peroxide. The influence of mannitol concentration on HA degradation was also demonstrated. Whatever the stress applied, it appears very clearly that mannitol protects hyaluronic acid from mediated oxygen free radicals degradation. These in vitro results suggest that mannitol could be a simple way to significantly increase the intra-articular residence time of the injected hyaluronic acid and therefore might improve viscosupplementation effectiveness.
A Novel Seeding and Conditioning Bioreactor for Vascular Tissue Engineering
Authors: Schulte Julia , Friedrich Anja , Hollweck Trixi , König Fabian , Eblenkamp Markus , Beiras-Fernandez Andres , Fano Cornelia , Hagl Christian , Akra Bassil
Published: July 2014

Multiple efforts have been made to develop small-diameter tissue engineered vascular grafts using a great variety of bioreactor systems at different steps of processing. Nevertheless, there is still an extensive need for a compact all-in-one system providing multiple and simultaneous processing. The aim of this project was to develop a new device to fulfill the major requirements of an ideal system that allows simultaneous seeding, conditioning, and perfusion. The newly developed system can be actuated in a common incubator and consists of six components: a rotating cylinder, a pump, a pulse generator, a control unit, a mixer, and a reservoir. Components that are in direct contact with cell media, cells, and/or tissue allow sterile processing. Proof-of-concept experiments were performed with polyurethane tubes and collagen tubes. The scaffolds were seeded with fibroblasts and endothelial cells that were isolated from human saphenous vein segments. Scanning electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry showed better seeding success of polyurethane scaffolds in comparison to collagen. Conditioning of polyurethane tubes with 100 dyn/cm2 resulted in cell detachments, whereas a moderate conditioning program with stepwise increase of shear stress from 10 to 40 dyn/cm2 induced a stable and confluent cell layer. The new bioreactor is a powerful tool for quick and easy testing of various scaffold materials for the development of tissue engineered vascular grafts. The combination of this bioreactor with native tissue allows testing of medical devices and medicinal substances under physiological conditions that is a good step towards reduction of animal testing. In the long run, the bioreactor could turn out to produce tissue engineered vascular grafts for human applications “at the bedside”.
Water End-Uses in Low-Income Houses in Southern Brazil
Authors: Marinoski Ana , Vieira Abel , Silva Arthur , Ghisi Enedir
Published: July 2014

Knowing water consumption patterns in buildings is key information for water planning. This article aims to characterize the water consumption pattern and water end-uses in low-income houses in the region of Florianópolis, Southern Brazil. Data were collected by interviewing householders, as well as by measuring the flow rate of existing water fixtures and appliances. The results indicated that the shower was the fixture with the largest water consumption in households, i.e., about 30%–36% of total water consumption on average, followed by the toilet (18%–20%). The surveyed households consumed from 111 to 152 L/capita·day on average, based on different income ranges. No correlation was found between income and water consumption. The results of this study can be used to estimate the consumption of water for new buildings, as well as to develop integrated water management strategies in low-income developments, in Florianópolis, such as water-saving plumbing fixtures, rainwater harvesting, and greywater reuse. Likely, there would be a deferral of capital investments in new water assets for enhancing water and wastewater services by saving water in low-income houses.
AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO IDENTIFY KEY INDUSTRIES: ISSUES TO SELECTION CRITERIA
Authors: Al-Amin Abul Quasem , Jaafar Abdul Hamid
Published: July 2014

Within a process of modeling exercise, this study aimed to understand appropriate selection criteria to identify key industries. There are many key sector identification linkage measures in the subject matter and sensitivity issue among them can be tricky because many of these measures differ only slightly but can result in outcomes that are quite dissimilar. With this background, we proposed an alternate approach that helps to resolve this issue. The proposed approach utilizes in this study by five sub-methods and high degree of the frequency of their occurrences in sub-methods to determine the key sectors. The study approach is applied to Malaysia as the public sector investment remains a large share in the national economy, like other developing countries, and the correct identification is still a challenge for sectoral planning. The experiences from this study can be used to guide appropriate public investment in Malaysia and elsewhere with similar economic forms.
IMPACT OF A COMMON CORPORATE TAX BASE ON THE EFFECTIVE TAX BURDEN IN BELGIUM
Authors: Roggeman Annelies , Verleyen Isabelle , Cauwenberge Philippe Van , Coppens Carine
Published: July 2014

In March 2011, the European Commission launched a proposal for a Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base (CCCTB). However, a Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB), leaving consolidation and apportionment out of consideration, appears to be a more realistic proposition for corporate tax harmonization in Europe. Using the European Tax Analyzer (ETA), we simulate the impact of the CCTB on the effective tax burden in Belgium. The results show that the adoption of the CCTB increases the Belgian effective tax burden by 16%. This remarkable increase is mainly driven by the fact that national tax deductions are not allowed under CCTB. This study allows policymakers to gain insight into the size effects of certain corporate tax measures and contributes to the current discussion on corporate tax harmonization in Europe.
The Effect of a Calorie-Restricted Diet on Weight Gain in Short-Term Psychiatric Inpatients Receiving Atypical Antipsychotic Medications
Authors: Jacobowitz William , Derbabian Barbara , Saunders Anne
Published: July 2014

This study attempted to evaluate the effect of a calorie-restricted diet on weight change in short-term acute care psychiatric patients receiving atypical antipsychotic medication. A descriptive correlational design utilizing chart review and a convenience sample of 100 participants was used. Fifty charts of patients hospitalized prior to the implementation of the calorie-restricted diet for those receiving atypical antipsychotic agents were compared to 50 charts of patients who received the diet. Weight changes in the two groups were compared relative to age, gender, length of time taking the medication, and the type of medication. The Mann-Whitney
U
test, Spearman’s rank-correlation coefficient, and the two-way analysis of variance were used to conduct the analyses. The calorie-restricted diet was not significantly associated with a reduction in weight gain in participants who received any of the atypical antipsychotic agents except for olanzapine; therefore, findings indicate that the calorie-restricted diet may only be effective for patients receiving olanzapine. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 52
(7), 30–37.]
Zur Verschriftlichung sogennanter primitiver Mehrstimmigkeit
Authors: Flotzinger Rudolf
Published: July 2014

In medieval and early modern music there existed, besides artificial polyphony, simple part singing, the so called primitive polyphony. Written examples of this music, which differs in several respects from artificial polyphony, reveal its special function, as well as the special function of the written documents themselves; they are neither descriptive (i.e. they are not written records of the music sung) nor are they prescriptive (i.e. they are not composers’ scores to be performed by singers).
The horizontal spacing of musical symbols: a brief historical overview
Authors: Talbot Michael
Published: July 2014

Over the last 350 years or so the horizontal spacing of notes and rests has moved from a situation where the principle of equidistance between symbols (the most economical of space) is dominant to one in which the precise vertical alignment of musically coincident symbols and, to a smaller extent, the translation of temporal duration into horizontal distance is observed. The paper examines the reason for the change and some of its effects.
Duh in črka glasbe
Authors: Barbo Matjaž
Published: July 2014

V 19. stoletju je podčrtano nasprotje med glasbenim tekstom in njegovo izvedbo. Zdi se, da se v kontrastu med neulovljivim, vsem umetnostim enakim duhom ter črko glasbenega teksta kažejo stara nasprotja, ki jih čas s poudarjeno individualizacijo glasbenega dela še poglablja. Estetska normativnost glasbenega dela je uveljavila navidezni koncept samoregulirajoče avtonomnosti, ki pa vendar opozarja, da se glasba morda nikoli ni zares odrekla zunanjemu referenčnemu sistemu.
The invention of ethnicity: traditional music and the modulations of Irish culture
Authors: White Harry
Published: July 2014

The history of traditional music in Ireland remains to be written. This task cannot be undertaken until Irish musicology emancipates itself from the constraints of a scholarship which concentrates upon collection and analysis at the expense of critical discourse. A vital first step in this emancipation is to recognize and resolve the abiding difficulty of relying upon an unformulated "insider" knowledge of traditional music which inhibits the transmission of Irish musical scholarship within the wider domain of musicology.
Violinska dela Rista Savina v okviru violinske ustvarjalnosti na Slovenskem v začetku 20. stoletja
Authors: Zupančič Maruša
Published: July 2014

V prispevku so obravnavana violinska dela Rista Savina v okviru violinske ustvarjalnosti v začetku 20. stoletja. Čeprav so violinska dela na Slovenskem znana že od začetka 17. stoletja, za prvo slovensko violinsko delo štejemo delo Mateja Babnika Sonate pour le piano-forte avec accompagnement de violon, ki je nastalo med leti 1817–1820 in je bilo izdano na Dunaju. Temu delu so kmalu sledila še violinska dela slovenskih skladateljev Gojmira Kreka ter Josipa in Benjamina Ipavca. V začetku 20. stoletja se je na Slovenskem zgodil preobrat tako na ustvarjalnem kakor tudi na poustvarjalnem violinskem področju. Prvi pomembnejši slovenski violinski skladatelj je bil Risto Savin, ki je napisal šest del za violino in klavir in so bila že primerna za koncertno rabo.
Ravnikovi glasbenoestetski nazori v kontekstu dveh kompozicijskih šol
Authors: Bogunović Hočevar Katarina
Published: July 2014

V tridesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja je Janko Ravnik ustvarjalno obmolknil. V istem času sta se na domačih tleh izoblikovali dve šoli za kompozicijo, Osterčeva in Škerjančeva. Članek preverja, ali je molk nemara nastal kot posledica (ne)sprejemanja Osterčevih estetskih in kompozicijskih idej.
Deltex1 Promotes Protein Kinase Cθ Degradation and Sustains Casitas B-Lineage Lymphoma Expression
Authors: Hsu Tzu-Sheng , Hsiao Huey-Wen , Wu Pei-Jung , Liu Wen-Hsien , Lai Ming-Zong
Published: July 2014

The generation of T cell anergy is associated with upregulation of ubiquitin E3 ligases including Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (Cbl-b), Itch, gene related to anergy in lymphocyte, and deltex1 (DTX1). These E3 ligases attenuate T cell activation by targeting to signaling molecules. For example, Cbl-b and Itch promote the degradation of protein kinase Cθ (PKCθ) and phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1) in anergic Th1 cells. How these anergy-associated E3 ligases coordinate during T cell anergy remains largely unknown. In the current study, we found that PKCθ and PLC-γ1 are also downregulated by DTX1. DTX1 interacted with PKCθ and PLC-γ1 and stimulated the degradation of PKCθ and PLC-γ1. T cell anergy–induced proteolysis of PKCθ was prevented in Dtx1−/− T cells, supporting the essential role of DTX1 in PKCθ downregulation. Similar to Cbl-b and Itch, DTX1 promoted monoubiquitination of PKCθ. Proteasome inhibitor did not inhibit DTX1-directed PKCθ degradation, but instead DTX1 directed the relocalization of PKCθ into the lysosomal pathway. In addition, DTX1 interacted with Cbl-b and increased the protein levels of Cbl-b. We further demonstrated the possibility that, through the downregulation of PKCθ, DTX1 prevented PKCθ-induced Cbl-b degradation and increased Cbl-b protein stability. Our results suggest the coordination between E3 ligases during T cell anergy; DTX1 acts with Cbl-b to assure a more extensive silencing of PKCθ, whereas DTX1-mediated PKCθ degradation further stabilizes Cbl-b.
A horospherical ratio ergodic theorem for actions of free groups
Authors: Bowen Lewis , Nevo Amos
Published: July 2014

We prove a ratio ergodic theorem for discrete non-singular measurable equivalence relations, provided they satisfy a strong form of the Besicovich covering property. In particular, this includes all hyperfinite measurable equivalence relation. We then use this result to study general non-singular actions of non-abelian free groups and establish a ratio ergodic theorem for averages along horospheres.
Sigma theory for Bredon modules
Authors: Kochloukova Dessislava H. , Martínez-Pérez Conchita
Published: July 2014

We develop new invariants

\underline{\Sigma}^m(G, \underline{A})

similar to the Bieri–Strebel–Neumann–Renz invariants

\Sigma^m(G, A)

but in the category of Bredon modules

\underline{A}

(with respect to the class of the finite subgroups of

G

). We prove that for virtually soluble groups of type

\operatorname{FP}_{\infty}

and finite extension of the Thompson group

F

we have

\underline{\Sigma}^{\infty}(G, \underline{\mathbb Z}) = \Sigma^{\infty}(G, \mathbb Z)

.
Groups with restrictions on subgroups of infinite rank
Authors: De Falco Maria , de Giovanni Francesco , Musella Carmela , Trabelsi Nadir
Published: July 2014

It is known that a (generalized) soluble group whose proper subgroups of infinite rank are abelian either is abelian or has finite rank. It is proved here that if

G

is a group of infinite rank such that all its proper subgroups of infinite rank have locally finite commutator subgroup, then the commutator subgroup

G'

of

G

is locally finite, provided that

G

satisfies a suitable generalized solubility condition. Moreover, a similar result is obtained for groups whose proper subgroups of infinite rank are quasihamiltonian.
On inhomogeneous Strichartz estimates for the Schrödinger equation
Authors: Lee Sanghyuk , Seo Ihyeok
Published: July 2014

In this paper we consider inhomogeneous Strichartz estimates in the mixed norm spaces which are given by taking temporal integration before spatial integration. We obtain some new estimates, and discuss the necessary conditions.
Impact of Global Health Experiences During Residency on Graduate Practice Location: A Multisite Cohort Study
Authors: Liaw Winston , Bazemore Andrew , Xierali Imam , Walden John , Diller Philip
Published: July 2014

Background

The impact of global health experiences on practice location is not clear.

Objective

We studied whether participants in global health tracks (GHTs) and global health electives (GHEs) were more likely to practice in underserved areas.

Methods

Our study used the 2010 American Medical Association Masterfile to evaluate the practice location of 999 graduates (1980–2009) from 5 family medicine programs. The variable of interest was participation in a GHT or GHE. Outcome measures were percentage of graduates practicing in (1) health professional shortage areas, (2) medically underserved areas or populations, (3) rural areas, (4) areas of dense poverty, and (5) any rural or underserved area. We also examined whether availability of a GHT or GHE in the program affected nonparticipants' practice location.

Results

Sixty-four percent (112 of 174) of participants practiced in areas of dense poverty compared with 56% (463 of 825) of nonparticipants (P  =  .04). Those graduating after GHT implementation were more likely to practice in a rural or underserved area compared with those graduating before implementation. After controlling for potential confounders, GHT participants were not more likely to work in an underserved area.

Conclusions

Graduates of programs with global health experiences were more likely to practice in an underserved or rural area. Making these experiences available may affect participants and nonparticipants.
Redefining Quality in Medical Education Research: A Consumer's View
Authors: Sullivan Gail M. , Simpson Deborah , Cook David A. , DeIorio Nicole M. , Andolsek Kathryn , Opas Lawrence , Philibert Ingrid , Yarris Lalena M.
Published: July 2014

Background

Despite an explosion of medical education research and publications, it is not known how medical educator consumers decide what to read or apply in their practice.

Objective

To determine how consumers of medical education research define quality and value.

Methods

Journal of Graduate Medical Education editors performed a literature search to identify articles on medical education research quality published between 2000 and 2013, surveyed medical educators for their criteria for judging quality, and led a consensus-building workshop at a 2013 Association of American Medical Colleges meeting to further explore how users defined quality in education research. The workshop used standard consensus-building techniques to reach concept saturation. Attendees then voted for the 3 concepts they valued most in medical education research.

Results

The 110 survey responses generated a list of 37 overlapping features in 10 categories considered important aspects of quality. The literature search yielded 27 articles, including quality indexes, systematic and narrative reviews, and commentaries. Thirty-two participants, 12 facilitators, and 1 expert observer attended the workshop. Participants endorsed the following features of education research as being most valuable: (1) provocative, novel, or challenged established thinking; (2) adhered to sound research principles; (3) relevant to practice, role, or needs; (4) feasible, practical application in real-world settings; and (5) connection to a conceptual framework.

Conclusions

Medical educators placed high value on rigorous methods and conceptual frameworks, consistent with published quality indexes. They also valued innovative or provocative work, feasibility, and applicability to their setting. End-user opinions of quality may illuminate how educators translate knowledge into practice.
Dense shelf water production in the Adélie Depression, East Antarctica, 2004–2012: Impact of the Mertz Glacier calving
Authors: Lacarra Maité , Houssais Marie‐Noëlle , Herbaut Christophe , Sultan Emmanuelle , Beauverger Mickael
Published: July 2014

Summer repeated hydrographic surveys and 4 years of mooring observations are used to characterize for the first time the interannual variability of the bottom water in the Mertz Glacier Polynya (MGP) on the East Antarctic shelf (142°E–146°E). Until 2010, large interannual variability was observed in the summer bottom salinity with year‐to‐year changes reaching 0.12 in Commonwealth Bay, the region with the highest sea ice production. The summer variability was shown to be linked to the efficiency of the convection during the preceding winter. The recent freshening of the bottom waters subsequent to the Mertz Glacier calving was well beyond the range of the precalving interannual variability. Within 2 years after the event, the bottom water of the shelf became too light to possibly contribute to renewal of the Antarctic Bottom Water. Rough estimates of the freshwater budget of the Adélie Depression indicate that the freshening necessary to compensate for net sea ice production in the MGP did not change drastically after the Mertz calving. The year‐to‐year salinity changes appeared to respond to the MGP activity. Yet, prior to the calving, the convective system in the polynya was also partly controlled by the late winter bottom salinity through a mechanism leading to a sequence of alternatively fresher and more saline bottom waters over the period 2007–2010. Exceptional events like the Mertz calving seem to be able to switch over the system into a less stratified state where convection responds more directly to changes in the surface forcing.
Continuous streamflow prediction in ungauged basins: The effects of equifinality and parameter set selection on uncertainty in regionalization approaches
Authors: Arsenault Richard , Brissette François P.
Published: July 2014

This paper focuses on evaluating the uncertainty of three common regionalization methods for predicting continuous streamflow in ungauged basins. A set of 268 basins covering 1.6 million km2 in the province of Quebec was used to test the regionalization strategies. The multiple linear regression, spatial proximity, and physical similarity approaches were evaluated on the catchments using a leave‐one‐out cross‐validation scheme. The lumped conceptual HSAMI hydrological model was used throughout the study. A bootstrapping method was chosen to further estimate uncertainty due to parameter set selection for each of the parameter set/regionalization method pairs. Results show that parameter set selection can play an important role in regionalization method performance depending on the regionalization methods (and their variants) used and that equifinality does not contribute significantly to the overall uncertainty witnessed throughout the regionalization methods applications. Regression methods fail to consistently assign behavioral parameter sets to the pseudoungauged basins (i.e., the ones left out). Spatial proximity and physical similarity score better, the latter being the best. It is also shown that combining either physical similarity or spatial proximity with the multiple linear regression method can lead to an even more successful prediction rate. However, even the best methods were shown to be unreliable to an extent, as successful prediction rates never surpass 75%. Finally, this paper shows that the selection of catchment descriptors is crucial to the regionalization strategies' performance and that for the HSAMI model, the optimal number of donor catchments for transferred parameter sets lies between four and seven.
A mechanism for future changes in Hadley circulation strength in CMIP5 climate change simulations
Authors: Seo Kyong‐Hwan , Frierson Dargan M. W. , Son Jun‐Hyeok
Published: July 2014

The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) 21st century climate change simulations exhibit a robust (slight) weakening of the Hadley cell (HC) during the boreal winter (summer, respectively) season in the future climate. Using 30 different coupled model simulations, we investigate the main mechanisms for both the multimodel ensemble mean changes in the HC strength and its intermodel changes in response to global warming during these seasons. A simple scaling analysis relates the strength of the HC to three factors: the meridional potential temperature gradient, gross static stability, and tropopause height. We found that changes in the meridional potential temperature gradients across the subtropics in a warming climate play a crucial role in the ensemble mean changes and model‐to‐model variations in the HC strength for both seasons. A larger reduction in the meridional temperature gradient in the Northern Hemisphere in boreal winter leads to the larger reduction of the HC strength in that season.
A sensitivity analysis of cloud properties to CLUBB parameters in the single‐column Community Atmosphere Model (SCAM5)
Authors: Guo Zhun , Wang Minghuai , Qian Yun , Larson Vincent E. , Ghan Steven , Ovchinnikov Mikhail , Bogenschutz Peter A. , Zhao Chun , Lin Guang , Zhou Tianjun
Published: July 2014

In this study, we investigate the sensitivity of simulated shallow cumulus and stratocumulus to selected tunable parameters of Cloud Layers Unified by Binormals (CLUBB) in the single‐column version of Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (SCAM5). A quasi‐Monte Carlo (QMC) sampling approach is adopted to effectively explore the high‐dimensional parameter space and a generalized linear model is adopted to study the responses of simulated cloud fields to tunable parameters. One stratocumulus and two shallow cumulus cases are configured at both coarse and fine vertical resolutions in this study. Our results show that most of the variance in simulated cloud fields can be explained by a small number of tunable parameters. The parameters related to Newtonian and buoyancy‐damping terms of total water flux are found to be the most influential parameters for stratocumulus. For shallow cumulus, the most influential parameters are those related to skewness of vertical velocity, reflecting the strong coupling between cloud properties and dynamics in this regime. The influential parameters in the stratocumulus case are sensitive to the vertical resolution while little sensitivity is found for the shallow cumulus cases, as eddy mixing length (or dissipation time scale) plays a more important role and depends more strongly on the vertical resolution in stratocumulus than in shallow convections. The influential parameters remain almost unchanged when the number of tunable parameters increases from 16 to 35. This study improves understanding of the CLUBB behavior associated with parameter uncertainties and provides valuable insights for other high‐order turbulence closure schemes.
Enhanced Detection of Protein in Urine by Droplet Evaporation on a Superhydrophobic Plastic
Authors: McLane Jolie , Wu Chun , Khine Michelle
Published: July 2014

Protein in urine can be detected using a simple colorimetric output by evaporating droplets on a superhydrophobic (SH) surface. Evaporation on a SH surface allows fluid to dramatically concentrate; the weak surface adhesion allows the droplet of fluid to constantly decrease its footprint area and contact diameter. On a SH surface, pure water completely evaporates. Molecules in solution, however, are confined to a footprint that is 8.5 times smaller than the original and are greatly concentrated. By concentrating molecules, a 160 times improved detection sensitivity is achieved compared to controls. With the low‐cost fabrication method and simple technique, highly sensitive detection can be achieved in a low‐cost platform. Utility is demonstrated by detecting protein in urine in the pre‐eclampsia range (150–300 μgmL−1) for pregnant women.
Kinetic study of retro‐aldol condensation of glucose to glycolaldehyde with ammonium metatungstate as the catalyst
Authors: Zhang Junying , Hou Baolin , Wang Aiqin , Li ZhenLei , Wang Hua , Zhang Tao
Published: July 2014

The kinetics of the retro‐aldol condensation of glucose to glycolaldehyde was studied in a batch reactor at 423–453 K using ammonium metatungstate (AMT) as the catalyst. Three consecutive reactions were considered: retro‐aldol condensation of glucose to erythrose and glycolaldehyde (R1), retro‐aldol condensation of erythrose to two moles of glycolaldehyde (R2), and further conversion of glycolaldehyde to side products (R3). Fitting of the experimental data showed that R1 was first‐order reaction while R2 and R3 were 1.7th‐ and 2.5th‐order reaction, respectively. Conversely, the reaction rate of R1 was 0.257th‐order dependence on the concentration of AMT catalyst. The apparent activation energies for R1, R2, and R3 were 141.3, 79.9, and 52.7 kJ/mol, respectively. The high activation energy of R1 suggests that a high temperature is favorable to the formation of glycolaldehyde. The experimental C–t curves at different temperatures and initial glucose concentrations were well predicted by the kinetic model. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3804–3813, 2014