bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State and Local Perspective on Implementation of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Dog Confinement Agreement
Authors: Zaganjor I. , Sinclair J. R. , Coleman M. S.
Published: June 2015

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) works in conjunction with state, territorial, local and tribal agencies (STLTAs) to prevent the transmission of infectious agents. Issuance of confinement agreements using CDC Form 75.37 ‘Notice to Owners and Importers of Dogs’ to importers of dogs that are not vaccinated or incompletely vaccinated against rabies is part of the agency's regulatory programme to prevent the entry of dogs infected with rabies. Although this is a regulatory programme that depends heavily on partnerships between CDC and STLTAs, CDC had never formally evaluated the acceptability of the confinement agreement process with these partners. Thus, a short survey of nine STLTAs was conducted to evaluate whether these partners have enough personnel and resources to implement the regulation and their general opinions of the confinement agreement process. The results illustrate that CDC partners are dissatisfied to some extent with the process, and there are multiple issues limiting their success in enforcing the regulation.
Beyond endoscopy via the trace formula: 1. Poisson summation and isolation of special representations
Authors: Altuğ Salim Ali
Published: June 2015

With analytic applications in mind, in particular beyond endoscopy, we initiate the study of the elliptic part of the trace formula. Incorporating the approximate functional equation into the elliptic part, we control the analytic behavior of the volumes of tori that appear in the elliptic part. Furthermore, by carefully choosing the truncation parameter in the approximate functional equation, we smooth out the singularities of orbital integrals. Finally, by an application of Poisson summation we rewrite the elliptic part so that it is ready to be used in analytic applications, and in particular in beyond endoscopy. As a by product we also isolate the contributions of special representations as pointed out in [Beyond endoscopy, in Contributions to automorphic forms, geometry and number theory (Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, 2004), 611–697].
Structural determinants of interaction, trafficking and function in the ClC‐2/MLC1 subunit GlialCAM involved in leukodystrophy
Authors: Capdevila‐Nortes Xavier , Jeworutzki Elena , Elorza‐Vidal Xabier , Barrallo‐Gimeno Alejandro , Pusch Michael , Estévez Raúl
Published: June 2015

Key points

The extracellular domain of GlialCAM is necessary for its targeting to cell junctions, as well as for interactions with itself and MLC1 and ClC‐2.

The C‐terminus of GlialCAM is not necessary for interaction but is required for targeting to cell junctions.

The first three residues of the transmembrane segment of GlialCAM are required for GlialCAM‐mediated ClC‐2 activation.

Mutations in the genes encoding the astrocytic protein MLC1, the cell adhesion molecule GlialCAM or the Cl−channel ClC‐2 underlie human leukodystrophies. GlialCAM binds to itself, to MLC1 and to ClC‐2, and directs these proteins to cell–cell contacts. In addition, GlialCAM dramatically activates ClC‐2 mediated currents. In the present study, we used mutagenesis studies combined with functional and biochemical analyses to determine which parts of GlialCAM are required to perform these cellular functions. We found that the extracellular domain of GlialCAM is necessary for cell junction targeting and for mediating interactions with itself or with MLC1 and ClC‐2. The C‐terminus is also necessary for proper targeting to cell–cell junctions but is not required for the biochemical interaction. Finally, we identified the first three amino acids of the transmembrane segment of GlialCAM as being essential for the activation of ClC‐2 currents but not for targeting or biochemical interaction. Our results provide new mechanistic insights concerning the regulation of the cell biology and function of MLC1 and ClC‐2 by GlialCAM.
Shaping Air Flow Characteristics of a High-Speed Rotary-Bell Sprayer for Automotive Painting Processes
Authors: Stevenin Ch. , Béreaux Y. , Charmeau J.-Y. , Balcaen J.
Published: June 2015

Electrostatic rotary bell sprayers (ERBS) are widely used in automotive painting applications. These processes involve complex airflows to shape paint sprays and transport droplets toward automotive parts to be coated. Despite the importance of shaping airflow on global spray characteristics, a detailed characterization of this aerodynamic flow is still missing. For this purpose, an experimental study was conducted on the influence of some ERBS operating parameters on the development and characteristics of shaping airflow. Results show that, for low swirl numbers, the flow behavior is close to that of annular swirling jets and a good agreement is found between ERBS flow characteristics and data available in literature. When rotational speed of the bell cup is sufficiently fast, a change of regime is observed with a shift in the longitudinal flow development and an increase of recirculation zone length. This change of regime is attributed to vortex breakdown instability, known to occur when high swirl strength is beyond a critical value. Experimental results obtained in this study put forward a clear link between the shaping air flow rate and the rotation frequency on the aerodynamics and also provide valuable leads to design shaping air flow in modern ERBS.
Microthreading in Whirling
Authors: Serizawa Masaki , Suzuki Motohiro , Matsumura Takashi
Published: June 2015

Whirling is applied to machining of microscrews on thin wires. A micro whirling machine has been developed for this. In order to suppress the vibration of the workpiece, the wire is inserted in polyurethane tubes clamped on a metal bar. Frequency analyses have been conducted by loading impulse forces at the center of the wire. The dynamic response is improved with reducing the vibration in the clamping force by the developed clamping system. Thirty micrometers microgrooves have been machined on 0.3 mm diameter stainless steel wires with fine surface finish, with the developed machine tool.
Fabrication of Aluminum–SiC Laminate Nanocomposite by Ultrasonic Spray Deposited Sheet Bonding1
Authors: Bastwros Mina , Kim Gap-Yong
Published: June 2015

One of the challenges in making layered metal composites reinforced at interfaces has been controlling the dispersion and microstructure of the reinforcement particles. The reinforcement elements are typically applied at the interface by manual spreading using brush or by immersing the substrate in a suspension. In this study, an ultrasonic spraying technique has been used to deposit silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles on aluminum 6061 (Al6061) substrate foils to fabricate a laminate metal composite to control the deposited structure. The suspension parameters and the spraying parameters were investigated, and their influence on the deposited microstructure was analyzed. The laminate composite was consolidated using hot compaction, and a three-point bend test was performed to evaluate the mechanical properties. The yield and ultimate flexural strengths of the laminate composite reinforced with SiC nanoparticles increased by 32% and 15%, respectively, compared with those of the unreinforced sample prepared at the same condition.
Experimental Investigation of Pile Installation by Vertical Jet Fluidization in Sand
Authors: de Brum Passini Larissa , Schnaid Fernando
Published: June 2015

The paper examines the mechanism of pile installation by vertical jet fluidization in saturated sand in order to define the constitutive parameters that control installation geometry and pile depth of embedment. A series of laboratory model tests representative of offshore torpedo piles was carried out using downwardly directed vertical water jets in both medium and dense sands. Measurements from model tests at three different scales indicate that the geometry of fluidized cavities is not influenced by the initial density of the sand and that the perturbed zone is constrained to a distance of about two pile diameters from the pile centerline during pile installation. Following the laws of dimensional analysis, an expression for the embedment of fluidized piles is derived and shows that penetration depth is a function of pile weight and geometry, fluidized water jet flow rate and velocity, as well as the soil and fluid properties. Penetration is shown to increase with increasing flow rate and pile weight and decreasing soil relative density. Although the results have to be validated by tests at larger scales to prove compatibility with the full-scale behavior, model tests indicate maximum embedment depth of the order of 50 times the pile diameter.
Configuration of Noncontact Grip System for Carrying Large Flat Sheets Using Vacuum Air Heads
Authors: Kim Joon Hyun , Lee Se-Jin
Published: June 2015

This paper configured an improved grip system for gripping and transferring large flat sheets in a noncontact manner. The conventional method for changing the direction of large flat sheets in a conveyor system is to turn the system itself. The new configured grip system applied a noncontact pneumatic head in the vertical direction, with the use of an air levitation table, and L-shaped latches, to lift and rotate large flat sheets to change their direction in the conveyor system. The pneumatic heads made efficient use of a vortex flow and an internal flow guide to improve the swirling flow. The gripping force for the improved head with the inner flow guide was 10% higher than that for the conventional head. To construct a rotational grip system, 12 improved noncontact heads and eight pairs of L-shaped latches were used to provide gripping force against an eight generation liquid crystal display (LCD) glass as a 4:6 ratio, each other. With a partial levitation force from the air blow table, the head-and-latch configuration resulted in the overall glass flatness approaching within 3.0 mm on the lower side at a selected grip rotation height of 40 mm.
Forensic Analysis of Surface Indentations in Rolling Contact
Authors: Ai Xiaolan , Hager Carl
Published: June 2015

The presence of debris particles in rolling element bearings can pose a major risk for premature fatigue damage on modern bearing components made from clean steels. A clear understanding of surface indentation characteristics and the associated particle that inflicted the indentation is essential for assessing the impact of surface dents on bearing fatigue life performance and for prevention of surface damage from harmful particles. A method for characterizing indentations on contact surfaces is proposed in this paper. The method allows for virtual regeneration of indentations on bearing raceway surfaces based on pseudorandom surface mapping of limited sample areas. The regenerated surface indentations maintain statistical signatures identical to the mapped samples and can be used directly as the input for high-fidelity fatigue life assessments. A set of forensic tools was developed from extensive finite element analysis (FEA) modeling on surface indentation processes and from simple particle entrainment geometry. These tools allow inference of the size of each and every particle responsible for surface indentations without requiring the full knowledge of the material properties and frictional conditions of the particles and counter-faces. The current results presented herein agree with both published test results and prior art modeling results. In addition, examples of applications are discussed to illustrate the usefulness of the tools.
Optimal Damped Vibration Absorber: Including Multiple Modes and Excitation Due to Rotating Unbalance
Authors: Sinha Alok
Published: June 2015

Optimal vibration absorbers are designed using the definition of H-infinity norm and numerical optimization. The cases of both constant amplitude excitation and rotating unbalance excitation are considered. The design procedure is quite general, and can easily handle multiple modes of vibration. A general procedure to construct a root loci plot is also developed. Using a cantilever beam, numerical results are presented.
Dynamic Instability of Laminated-Composite and Sandwich Plates Using a New Inverse Trigonometric Zigzag Theory
Authors: Sahoo Rosalin , Singh B. N.
Published: June 2015

A structure with periodic dynamic load may lead to dynamic instability due to parametric resonance. In the present work, the dynamic stability analysis of laminated composite and sandwich plate due to in-plane periodic loads is studied based on recently developed inverse trigonometric zigzag theory (ITZZT). Transverse shear stress continuity at layer interfaces along with traction-free boundary conditions on the plate surfaces is satisfied by the model obviating the need of shear correction factor. An efficient C0 continuous, eight noded isoparametric element with seven field variable is employed for the dynamic stability analysis of laminated composite and sandwich plates. The boundaries of instability regions are determined using Bolotin's approach and the first instability zone is presented either in the nondimensional load amplitude–excitation frequency plane or load amplitude–load frequency plane. The influences of various parameters such as degrees of orthotropy, span-thickness ratios, boundary conditions, static load factors, and thickness ratios on the dynamic instability regions (DIRs) are studied by solving a number of problems. The evaluated results are validated with the available results in the literature based on different deformation theories. The efficiency of the present model is ascertained by the improved accuracy of predicted results at the cost of less computational involvement.
Harmonic Balance Analysis of Snap-Through Orbits in an Undamped Duffing Oscillator
Authors: Panigrahi Smruti R. , Feeny Brian F. , Diaz Alejandro R.
Published: June 2015

A simple nonlinear undamped Duffing oscillator has been studied for its snap-through behavior at large-amplitude vibrations. We present an algorithm that uses the harmonic balance (HB) method to find amplitude and frequency relationships in two- and three-term approximations for solutions that lie outside the separatrix in the phase space. Trends of the approximate solution properties are examined with reference to an analysis of the limit as the trajectory approaches the separatrix.
Reliability of Two Methods for Identifying the Postural Phase of Gait Initiation in Healthy and Poststroke Subjects
Authors: Sousa Andreia S.P. , Silva Augusta , Santos Rubim
Published: June 2015

This study aims to compare 2 methods of assessing the postural phase of gait initiation, in regard to intrasession reliability, in healthy and poststroke subjects. As a secondary aim, this study aims to analyze anticipatory postural adjustments during gait initiation based on the center of pressure (CoP) displacements in poststroke participants. The CoP signal was acquired during gait initiation in 15 poststroke subjects and 23 healthy controls. Postural phase was identified through a baseline-based method and a maximal displacement-based method. In both healthy and poststroke participants, higher intraclass correlation coefficient and lower coefficient of variation values were obtained with the baseline-based method when compared with the maximal displacement-based method. Poststroke participants presented decreased CoP displacement backward and toward the first swing limb compared with controls when the baseline-based method was used. With the maximal displacement based method, there were differences between groups only regarding backward CoP displacement. Postural phase duration in medial-lateral direction was also increased in poststroke participants when using the maximal displacement based method. The findings obtained indicate that the baseline-based method is more reliable detecting the onset of gait initiation in both groups, while the maximal displacement-based method presents greater sensitivity for poststroke participants.
The Interday Measurement Consistency of and Relationships Between Hamstring and Leg Musculo-articular Stiffness
Authors: Waxman Justin P. , Schmitz Randy J. , Shultz Sandra J.
Published: June 2015

Hamstring stiffness (KHAM) and leg stiffness (KLEG) are commonly examined relative to athletic performance and injury risk. Given these may be modifiable, it is important to understand day-to-day variations inherent in these measures before use in training studies. In addition, the extent to which KHAM and KLEG measure similar active stiffness characteristics has not been established. We investigated the interday measurement consistency of KHAM and KLEG, and examined the extent to which KLEG predicted KHAM in 6 males and 9 females. KHAM was moderately consistent day-to-day (ICC2,5 = .71; SEM = 76.3 N·m–1), and 95% limits of agreement (95% LOA) revealed a systematic bias with considerable absolute measurement error (95% LOA = 89.6 ± 224.8 N·m–1). Day-to-day differences in procedural factors explained 59.4% of the variance in day-to-day differences in KHAM. Bilateral and unilateral KLEG was more consistent (ICC2,3 range = .87–.94; SEM range = 1.0–2.91 kN·m–1) with lower absolute error (95% LOA bilateral= –2.0 ± 10.3; left leg = –0.36 ± 3.82; right leg = –1.05 ± 3.61 kN·m–1). KLEG explained 44% of the variance in KHAM (P < .01). Findings suggest that procedural factors must be carefully controlled to yield consistent and precise KHAM measures. The ease and consistency of KLEG, and moderate correlation with KHAM, may steer clinicians toward KLEG when measuring lower-extremity stiffness for screening studies and monitoring the effectiveness of training interventions over time.
Development of Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis for Molecular Subtyping of Campylobacter jejuni by Using Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Techaruvichit Punnida , Takahashi Hajime , Vesaratchavest Mongkol , Keeratipibul Suwimon , Kuda Takashi , Kimura Bon
Published: May 2015

Campylobacter jejuni
is a common cause of the frequently reported food-borne diseases in developed and developing nations. This study describes the development of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) using capillary electrophoresis as a novel typing method for microbial source tracking and epidemiological investigation of
C. jejuni
. Among 36 tandem repeat loci detected by the Tandem Repeat Finder program, 7 VNTR loci were selected and used for characterizing 60 isolates recovered from chicken meat samples from retail shops, samples from chicken meat processing factory, and stool samples. The discrimination ability of MLVA was compared with that of multilocus sequence typing (MLST). MLVA (diversity index of 0.97 with 31 MLVA types) provided slightly higher discrimination than MLST (diversity index of 0.95 with 25 MLST types). The overall concordance between MLVA and MLST was estimated at 63% by adjusted Rand coefficient. MLVA predicted MLST type better than MLST predicted MLVA type, as reflected by Wallace coefficient (Wallace coefficient for MLVA to MLST versus MLST to MLVA, 86% versus 51%). MLVA is a useful tool and can be used for effective monitoring of
C. jejuni
and investigation of epidemics caused by
C. jejuni
.
Structural and Mechanistic Insights into the Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-Nitrobenzoate 2-Nitroreductase NbaA
Authors: Kim Yong-Hak , Song Wooseok , Kim Jin-Sik , Jiao Li , Lee Kangseok , Ha Nam-Chul
Published: May 2015

The bacterial 2-nitroreductase NbaA is the primary enzyme initiating the degradation of 2-nitrobenzoate (2-NBA), and its activity is controlled by posttranslational modifications. To date, the structure of NbaA remains to be elucidated. In this study, the crystal structure of a Cys194Ala NbaA mutant was determined to a 1.7-Å resolution. The substrate analog 2-NBA methyl ester was used to decipher the substrate binding site by inhibition of the wild-type NbaA protein. Tandem mass spectrometry showed that 2-NBA methyl ester produced a 2-NBA ester bond at the Tyr193 residue in the wild-type NbaA but not residues in the Tyr193Phe mutant. Moreover, covalent binding of the 2-NBA methyl ester to Tyr193 reduced the reactivity of the Cys194 residue on the peptide link. The Tyr193 hydroxyl group was shown to be essential for enzyme catalysis, as a Tyr193Phe mutant resulted in fast dissociation of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) from the protein with the reduced reactivity of Cys194. FMN binding to NbaA varied with solution NaCl concentration, which was related to the catalytic activity but not to cysteine reactivity. These observations suggest that the Cys194 reactivity is negatively affected by a posttranslational modification of the adjacent Tyr193 residue, which interacts with FMN and the substrate in the NbaA catalytic site.
Activation of Histidine Kinase SpaK Is Mediated by the N-Terminal Portion of Subtilin-Like Lantibiotics and Is Independent of Lipid II
Authors: Spieß Tobias , Korn Sophie Marianne , Kötter Peter , Entian Karl-Dieter
Published: May 2015

The biosynthesis of the lantibiotic subtilin is autoinduced in a quorum-sensing mechanism via histidine kinase SpaK. Subtilin-like lantibiotics, such as entianin, ericin S, and subtilin, specifically activated SpaK in a comparable manner, whereas the structurally similar nisin did not provide the signal for SpaK activation at nontoxic concentrations. Surprisingly, nevertheless, nisin if applied together with entianin partly quenched SpaK activation. The N-terminal entianin
1–20
fragment (comprising N-terminal amino acids 1 to 20) was sufficient for SpaK activation, although higher concentrations were needed. The N-terminal nisin
1–20
fragment also interfered with entianin-mediated activation of SpaK and, remarkably, at extremely high concentrations also activated SpaK. Our data show that the N-terminal entianin
1–20
fragment is sufficient for SpaK activation. However, if present, the C-terminal part of the molecule further strongly enhances the activation, possibly by its interference with the cellular membrane. As shown by using lipid II-interfering substances and a lipid II-deficient mutant strain, lipid II is not needed for the sensing mechanism.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour in a recipient with kidney transplantation
Authors: Cimen Sertac , Guler Sanem , Panek Romuald , Alwayn Ian
Published: June 2015

Immunosuppression is associated with an increased risk of post-transplant malignancies. Gastrointestinal stromal tumours are the most common mesenchymal tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. However, they have seldom been reported recipient with transplantation. In this report, a 46-year-old woman, a recipient with kidney transplantation, who developed a gastric tumour is presented. Removal of this tumour required a partial gastrectomy. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry examinations revealed a high-risk gastric stromal tumour. Adjuvant imatinib mesylate treatment was initiated. There was no evidence of tumour recurrence at 12-month follow-up.
Leucocytosis in clozapine-treated patients as predictor of loss of treatment response?
Authors: Prisco Vincenzo , Iannaccone Teresa , Volpe Umberto , Fabrazzo Michele
Published: June 2015

Anecdotal evidence tends to suggest clozapine treatment as a cause of leucocytosis in schizophrenic patients, however, no conclusive evidence is available on this topic. We report the clinical cases of two schizophrenic men who were diagnosed with clozapine-related leucocytosis. The clozapine treatment was performed at a dose between 200 and 400 mg/day. When leucocytosis appeared, there was a loss of response to clozapine in both patients. Clozapine-induced leucocytosis in schizophrenic patients could be correlated to occurrence of psychotic symptomatology.
Dental management of Rothmund-Thomson syndrome with partial anodontia
Authors: Rathi Nilesh Vithaldas , Bhattad Mayur Shrigopal , Thosar Nilima , Baliga Sudhindra
Published: June 2015

Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a rare autosomal recessive trait disease. It is characterised by skin, eye and skeletal abnormalities. Abnormalities associated with teeth include abnormal crown and root formations, rudimentary or hypoplastic teeth, microdontia and multiple missing teeth. In the present case, there were multiple decayed primary teeth and multiple congenitally missing permanent teeth. Mandibular left primary first molar (tooth 74) was pulpally involved and obturated with mineral trioxide ggregate. Follow-up after 2 years revealed successful obturation.
Prevention of groin injuries in sports: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Esteve E , Rathleff M S , Bagur-Calafat C , Urrútia G , Thorborg K
Published: June 2015

Background/aim

Groin injuries are common in football and ice hockey, and previous groin injury is a strong risk factor for future groin injuries, which calls for primary prevention. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of specific groin-injury prevention programmes in sports.

Methods

A comprehensive search was performed in May 2014 yielding 1747 potentially relevant references. Two independent assessors evaluated randomised controlled trials for inclusion, extracted data and performed quality assessments using Cochrane's risk of bias tool. Quantitative analyses were performed in Review Manager 5.3.

Results

Seven trials were included: six on football players (four male and two female populations) and one on male handball players. In total there were 4191 participants with a total of 157 injuries. The primary analysis, including all participants, did not show a significant reduction in the number of groin injuries after completing a groin injury prevention programme (relative risk (RR) 0.81; 95% CI 0.60 to 1.09). Subgroup analysis based on type of sports, gender and type of prevention programme showed similar non-significant estimates with RR ranging from 0.48 to 0.81.

Conclusion

Meta-analysis revealed a potential clinically meaningful groin injury reduction of 19%, even though no statistical significant reduction in sport-related groin injuries could be documented.

Trial registration

PROSPERO registration ID CRD42014009614.
Men at higher risk of groin injuries in elite team sports: a systematic review
Authors: Orchard John William
Published: June 2015

Background

Groin injuries are common in sports, particularly multidirectional team sports, but incidence rates across sports other than football (soccer) have been poorly documented.

Methods

A systematic review (initially using PubMed and SportDiscus databases) was performed to record incidence of groin and groin region injuries in sports. Inclusion criteria included presentation of groin injury incidence data for at least 10 team/squad seasons.

Results

Data from 31 studies were included. These used varying injury definitions and also considered varying injury categories from general to specific (all groin/hip region injuries, groin injuries, adductor muscle strains, intra-articular hip injuries). When playing the same sport, men had greater injury incidence of groin injury than women (relative risk, RR 2.45, 95% CI 2.06 to 2.92). Sports with high incidences of groin injury included ice hockey and the football codes. There is variation by player position for rate of groin injury in many sports. Hip injuries have become more commonly diagnosed over the past decade in Australian football (p=0.001) and other sports.

Conclusions

There is moderate evidence that men have a higher risk of groin injury than women when playing the same sport. There is some evidence that hip injuries are being increasingly diagnosed in the subset of ‘groin injuries’ in recent years. It is recommended that injury epidemiology consensus statements aim to include a number of relevant sports to improve injury incidence comparisons among different sports.
Which factors differentiate athletes with hip/groin pain from those without? A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Mosler Andrea B , Agricola Rintje , Weir Adam , Hölmich Per , Crossley Kay M
Published: June 2015

Background

Hip and groin injuries are common in many sports. Understanding the factors differentiating athletes with hip/groin pain from those without these injuries could facilitate management and prevention.

Objective

Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on factors differentiating athletes with and without hip/groin pain.

Methods

The review was registered as PROSPERO CRD42014007416 and a comprehensive, systematic search was conducted in June 2014. Inclusion criteria were: cross-sectional, cohort or case–control study designs of n>10 that examined outcome measures differentiating athletes with and without hip/groin pain. Two authors independently screened search results, assessed study quality, and performed data extraction. Methodological heterogeneity was determined and data pooled for meta-analysis when appropriate. A best evidence synthesis was performed on the remaining outcome measures.

Results

Of 2251 titles identified, 17 articles were included of which 10 were high quality. Sixty two different outcome measures were examined, 8 underwent meta-analysis. Pooled data showed strong evidence that athletes with hip/groin pain demonstrated: pain and lower strength on the adductor squeeze test, reduced range of motion in hip internal rotation and bent knee fall out; however, hip external rotation range was equivalent to controls. Strong evidence was found that lower patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores, altered trunk muscle function, and moderate evidence of bone oedema and secondary cleft sign were associated with hip/groin pain.

Conclusions

PROs, pain and reduced strength on the adductor squeeze test, reduced range of motion in internal rotation and bent knee fall out are the outcome measures that best differentiate athletes with hip/groin pain from those without this pain.
Minimum reporting standards for clinical research on groin pain in athletes
Authors: Delahunt Eamonn , Thorborg Kristian , Khan Karim M , Robinson Philip , Hölmich Per , Weir Adam
Published: June 2015

Groin pain in athletes is a priority area for sports physiotherapy and sports medicine research. Heterogeneous studies with low methodological quality dominate research related to groin pain in athletes. Low-quality studies undermine the external validity of research findings and limit the ability to generalise findings to the target patient population. Minimum reporting standards for research on groin pain in athletes are overdue. We propose a set of minimum reporting standards based on best available evidence to be utilised in future research on groin pain in athletes. Minimum reporting standards are provided in relation to: (1) study methodology, (2) study participants and injury history, (3) clinical examination, (4) clinical assessment and (5) radiology. Adherence to these minimum reporting standards will strengthen the quality and transparency of research conducted on groin pain in athletes. This will allow an easier comparison of outcomes across studies in the future.
Doha agreement meeting on terminology and definitions in groin pain in athletes
Authors: Weir Adam , Brukner Peter , Delahunt Eamonn , Ekstrand Jan , Griffin Damian , Khan Karim M , Lovell Greg , Meyers William C , Muschaweck Ulrike , Orchard John , Paajanen Hannu , Philippon Marc , Reboul Gilles , Robinson Philip , Schache Anthony G , Schilders Ernest , Serner Andreas , Silvers Holly , Thorborg Kristian , Tyler Timothy , Verrall Geoffrey , de Vos Robert-Jan , Vuckovic Zarko , Hölmich Per
Published: June 2015

Background

Heterogeneous taxonomy of groin injuries in athletes adds confusion to this complicated area.

Aim

The ‘Doha agreement meeting on terminology and definitions in groin pain in athletes’ was convened to attempt to resolve this problem. Our aim was to agree on a standard terminology, along with accompanying definitions.

Methods

A one-day agreement meeting was held on 4 November 2014. Twenty-four international experts from 14 different countries participated. Systematic reviews were performed to give an up-to-date synthesis of the current evidence on major topics concerning groin pain in athletes. All members participated in a Delphi questionnaire prior to the meeting.

Results

Unanimous agreement was reached on the following terminology. The classification system has three major subheadings of groin pain in athletes:

1. Defined clinical entities for groin pain: Adductor-related, iliopsoas-related, inguinal-related and pubic-related groin pain.

2. Hip-related groin pain.

3. Other causes of groin pain in athletes.

The definitions are included in this paper.

Conclusions

The Doha agreement meeting on terminology and definitions in groin pain in athletes reached a consensus on a clinically based taxonomy using three major categories. These definitions and terminology are based on history and physical examination to categorise athletes, making it simple and suitable for both clinical practice and research.
Advance regeneration and trajectories of stand development following the mountain pine beetle outbreak in boreal forests of British Columbia
Authors: Campbell Elizabeth M. , Antos Joseph A.
Published: June 2015

A mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) outbreak has recently spread into boreal forests, with unknown consequences for this ecosystem. We intensively sampled 12 stands affected by the current outbreak in northern British Columbia to determine the potential of western boreal forests to recover from this novel disturbance. We sampled the species composition, size structure, and spatial distribution (using 5 m × 5 m subplots, 40 per stand) of live and dead trees and used a variety of analyses, including ordinations, to assess potential developmental trajectories of stands. Advance regeneration (stems < 10 m tall) varied greatly in abundance among stands (50–18 280 stems·ha−1). However, most subplots contained at least one individual; only three stands had many empty subplots. We conclude that most stands have enough advance regeneration and residual canopy trees to form a nearly continuous new canopy. Ordinations indicate that species composition will shift substantially and become more divergent among stands. Species of high economic value will remain common, though, and active management will not be necessary in most stands to maintain productive forests. However, this novel disturbance will have very different effects on these forests than the typical fire-disturbance regime and is likely to deflect these forests into new successional trajectories.
Preparation of copper complexes coordinated by N21,N22-etheno bridged porphyrin and the application to photooxidation of phenol derivatives
Authors: Takao Yuko , Matsumoto Fukashi , Moriwaki Kazuyuki , Mizuno Takumi , Ohno Toshinobu , Setsune Jun-Ichiro
Published: June 2015

Copper(I) complexes coordinated with a N21,N22-etheno bridged porphyrin ligand were synthesized as a unique coordination structure. The copper porphyrin complexes promoted photooxidations of a phenol derivative in organic solution under aerobic condition with visible photoirradiation. The complexes could be immobilized on silica gel as a support and the obtained copper porphyrin composites showed high ability as photocatalysts for heterogeneous photooxidation of a phenol derivative in aqueous solution. The composites could be easily recovered and re-used after the reaction. The structural study found that the active species contributing to the photooxidation reaction was the di(μ-hydroxo)dicopper(II) complex of N21,N22-etheno bridged porphyrin generated by oxidation of corresponding copper(I) complex in the reaction system under homogeneous and heterogeneous condition.
VEGF165Amicrosphere therapy for myocardial infarction suppresses acute cytokine release and increases microvascular density but does not improve cardiac function
Authors: Uitterdijk André , Springeling Tirza , van Kranenburg Matthijs , van Duin Richard W. B. , Krabbendam-Peters Ilona , Gorsse-Bakker Charlotte , Sneep Stefan , van Haeren Rorry , Verrijk Ruud , van Geuns Robert-Jan M. , van der Giessen Willem J. , Markkula Tommi , Duncker Dirk J. , van Beusekom Heleen M. M.
Published: May 2015

Angiogenesis induced by growth factor-releasing microspheres can be an off-the-shelf and immediate alternative to stem cell therapy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), independent of stem cell yield and comorbidity-induced dysfunction. Reliable and prolonged local delivery of intact proteins such as VEGF is, however, notoriously difficult. Our objective was to create a platform for local angiogenesis in human-sized hearts, using polyethylene-glycol/polybutylene-terephthalate (PEG-PBT) microsphere-based VEGF165Adelivery. PEG-PBT microspheres were biocompatible, distribution was size dependent, and a regimen of 10 × 10615-μm microspheres at 0.5 × 106/min did not induce cardiac necrosis. Efficacy, studied in a porcine model of AMI with reperfusion rather than chronic ischemia used for most reported VEGF studies, shows that microspheres were retained for at least 35 days. Acute VEGF165Arelease attenuated early cytokine release upon reperfusion and produced a dose-dependent increase in microvascular density at 5 wk following AMI. However, it did not improve major variables for global cardiac function, left ventricular dimensions, infarct size, or scar composition (collagen and myocyte content). Taken together, controlled VEGF165Adelivery is safe, attenuates early cytokine release, and leads to a dose-dependent increase in microvascular density in the infarct zone but does not translate into changes in global or regional cardiac function and scar composition.
Il-17A contributes to maintenance of pulmonary homeostasis in a murine model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema
Authors: Voss Meike , Wolf Lisa , Kamyschnikow Andreas , Wonnenberg Bodo , Honecker Anja , Herr Christian , Lepper Philipp M. , Wegmann Michael , Menger Michael D. , Bals Robert , Beisswenger Christoph
Published: May 2015

Smoking is the main risk factor for the development of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Western countries. Recent studies suggest that IL-17A and Th17 cells play a role in the pathogenesis of COPD. We used a murine model of chronic cigarette smoke (CS) exposure to explore the contribution of IL-17A to CS-induced lung damage and loss of pulmonary function. Histology and morphometry showed that IL-17A deficiency spontaneously resulted in a loss of lung structure under basal conditions. Even though inflammatory markers [IL-1β and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)] were decreased in IL-17A-deficient mice (IL-17A−/−) exposed to CS compared with wild-type (WT) mice, IL-17A−/−mice were per se not protected from CS-induced emphysematous disease. Assessment of pulmonary function showed that IL-17A−/−mice were partially protected from CS-induced changes in total lung capacity. However, the respiratory elastance decreased and respiratory compliance increased in IL-17A−/−mice after exposure to CS. Morphometry revealed destruction of lung tissue in CS-exposed IL-17A−/−mice similar to WT mice. The expression of elastin was decreased in air-exposed IL-17A−/−mice and in CS-exposed WT and IL-17A−/−mice. Thus, in the present model of sterile CS-exposure, IL-17A contributes to normal lung homeostasis and does not mediate CS-induced loss of lung structure and pulmonary function.
A Correction Method for Measuring Spectral Irradiance of Light Sources Based on Differential Quadrature Method
Authors: Wang Yanfei , Dai Caihong , Wu Zhifeng , Chen Binhua
Published: June 2015

A novel correction method was demonstrated for measuring spectral irradiance of light sources with a narrow bandwidth. Using the correction method based on differential quadrature method, an estimate of the true value was achieved with measured values of seven adjacent points. The formula of this correction method was derived. Numerical simulations and experimental validation of this correction method were also performed, respectively. This correction method could be used in radiometry, photometry, colorimetry, and other spectrometry fields, especially in the spectrum measurement of LED lamp.
Anesthetic Management of a Child with Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalopathy
Authors: Casarez Vianey Q. , Zavala Acsa M. , Owusu-Agyemang Pascal , Hagan Katherine
Published: June 2015

Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with deficiency of thymidine phosphorylase (TP). Associated manifestations include visual and hearing impairments, peripheral neuropathies, leukoencephalopathy, and malnutrition from concomitant gastrointestinal dysmotility and pseudoobstruction. Given the altered metabolic state in these patients, specific consideration of medication selection is advised. This case report will describe the anesthetic management used in a 10-year-old girl with MNGIE. She had multiple anesthetics while undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This case report will discuss the successful repeated use of the same anesthetic in this pediatric patient, with the avoidance of volatile anesthetic agents, propofol, and muscle relaxant.
Integrated Topology Optimization of Structure/Vibration Control for Piezoelectric Cylindrical Shell Based on the Genetic Algorithm
Authors: He Jianjun , Chen Xiangzi
Published: June 2015

A hybrid optimization strategy for integrated topological optimization design of piezoelectric cylindrical flat shell structure is proposed. The method combines the genetic algorithm (GA) and linear-quadratic-regulator (LQR) theory to optimize the performance of coupling structure/control system. The GA is used to choose the optimal structure topology and number and placements of actuators and control parameters; meanwhile, the LQR is used to design control system to suppress vibration of optimal structure under sinusoidal excitation, which is based on the couple-mode space control. In addition, the mathematical morphology operators are used for repairs of disconnected structure topology. The results of numerical simulation and computations show that the proposed method is effective and feasible, with good performance for the optimal and coupling piezoelectric cylindrical shell structure/control system.
The Power Purchase Optimization Model in China considering the Renewable Energy Risks under Different Risk Preferences
Authors: He Yongxiu , Li Dacheng , Xia Tian , Song Dong , Zhou Bo
Published: June 2015

To achieve the strategic target of energy conservation and emission reduction, China is vigorously developing its large-scale and distributed renewable energy power generation industry, dominated by wind power and photovoltaic power generation. In the new situation of renewable energy power interconnection, the grid company in China must fully consider the risks caused by renewable energy when making power purchase optimization decisions. This paper sets up a power purchasing model considering the risks of the renewable energy power interconnection and testifies to the effectiveness of the model through a case study. On this basis, this paper puts forward several reasonable suggestions to help the grid company make power purchase decisions under different risk preferences.
Design of a Novel High Power V-Band Helix-Folded Waveguide Cascaded Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier
Authors: Zhuge Tianxiang , Hu Yulu
Published: June 2015

A design of a V-band Helix-Folded Waveguide (H-FWG) cascaded traveling wave tube (TWT) is presented. In this cascaded structure, a digitized nonlinear theory model is put forward first to simulate these two types of the tubes by common process. Then, an initial design principle is proposed, which can design these two different kinds of tubes universally. Using this principle, a high-gain helix TWT is carefully designed as a first stage amplifier followed by a FWG TWT to obtain high power. Simulations predict that a peak power of 800 W with saturated gain of 60 dB from 55 GHz to 60 GHz can be achieved.
How Are Spousal Depressed Mood, Distress, and Quality of Life Associated with Risk of Depressed Mood in Cancer Survivors? Longitudinal Findings from a National Sample
Authors: Litzelman Kristin , Yabroff K. Robin
Published: June 2015

Background: Spouses of cancer survivors experience both positive and negative effects from caregiving. However, it is less clear what role spousal well-being may have on cancer survivors. This study aimed to determine the impact of spousal psychosocial factors on survivor depressed mood and whether this association differed by gender.

Methods: We examined longitudinal data on cancer survivors and their spouses (n = 910 dyads) from the 2004–2012 Medical Expenditures Panel Survey and a matched sample of cancer-free dyads. Subjects reported depressed mood, psychologic distress, and mental and physical health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at two time points (T1/T2). Dyadic multilevel models evaluated the impact of psychosocial factors at T1 on depressed mood at T2, controlling for sociodemographics, cancer type, survivor treatment status, and depressed mood at T1.

Results: Cancer survivors whose spouses reported depressed mood at T1 were 4.27 times more likely to report depressed mood at T2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.01–9.07]; this was stronger for female survivors (OR, 9.49; 95% CI, 2.42–37.20). Better spousal mental and physical HRQoL at T1 were associated with a 30% decrease in survivor depressed mood risk at T2. Most spillover effects were not observed in comparison dyads.

Conclusion: Depressed mood and poor HRQoL in spouses may increase the risk of depressed mood in cancer survivors. The risk may be especially strong for female survivors.

Impact: Identifying and improving spousal mental health and HRQoL problems may reduce the risk of depressed mood in cancer survivors. Future research should examine whether incorporating spousal care into psychooncology and survivorship programs improves survivor outcomes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(6); 969–77. ©2015 AACR.
CCR 20th Anniversary Commentary: Determining a Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Relationship for Sunitinib—A Look Back
Authors: Mendel Dirk B. , Cherrington Julie M. , Laird A. Douglas
Published: June 2015

The article by Mendel and colleagues, published in the January 1, 2003, issue of Clinical Cancer Research, described their novel preclinical approach to developing a thorough understanding of the exposure–activity relationship for sunitinib, a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor being developed for oncology therapy. This work successfully set exposure guidelines to identify a biologically active dose in early clinical trials. Clin Cancer Res; 21(11); 2415–7. ©2015 AACR.

See related article by Mendel et al., Clin Cancer Res 2003;9(1) January 2003;327–37