bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Export Information System: An Empirical Investigation of Its Antecedents and Performance Outcomes
Authors: Theodosiou Marios , Katsikea Evangelia
Published: March 2013

Marketing literature has widely acknowledged the significant contribution of information-processing activities to export organizations’ success. The export information system (EIS) comprises four key dimensions: information sources, information acquisition, information dissemination, and information utilization. The current research develops and empirically tests a comprehensive conceptual framework that assesses (1) the chain of effects linking the four key dimensions of the EIS, (2) the influence of organizational structure (i.e., formalization and centralization) on the efficiency of export information dissemination, and (3) the relationship between the EIS and export performance. The authors also investigate the moderating effects of certain environmental forces (i.e., market turbulence and intensity of competition). The findings support the critical role of information processing in the success of small and medium-sized exporters. The authors conclude by discussing the study's implications for academic researchers and practitioners as well as directions for further research in the field.
Fichtes Deduktion praktischer Spontaneität
Authors: Lang Stefan
Published: March 2013

Abstract: In this essay I make an attempt at sketching the outlines of Fichte’s method of philosophical construction in intuition and try to explore the rationality of his concept of deduction. I discuss the relationship between Fichte’s method of philosophical construction and Kant’s concept of construction of geometrical figures in pure intuition. I offer in-depth analysis of Fichte’s deduction of concepts in his Foundations of Natural Rights and in the Wissenschaftslehre nova methodo. However, I argue that Fichte’s deduction of practical spontaneity is not successful. Finally, I consider and reject some objections to my interpretation.
Toxicological evaluations of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves in liver and kidney of male Wistar rats
Authors: Oyagbemi Ademola A. , Omobowale Temitayo O. , Azeez Ibraheem O. , Abiola John O. , Adedokun Rahamon A.M. , Nottidge Helen O.
Published: March 2013

Background: This study was conducted to investigate toxicological effects associated with prolonged consumption of Moringa oleifera leaves as a beverage.

Methods: Thirty rats were used in this study. They were grouped into five groups of six rats. Rats in group I received 2 mL/kg body weight (b.w.) of corn oil (vehicle). Animals in groups II, III, IV and V received 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. of methanolic extract of M. oleifera (MEMO) for 8 weeks. Serum collected was analyzed for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein, albumin, globulin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine.

Results: There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum total protein and globulin in a dose-dependent manner. Rats that received MEMO at 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum ALT, AST, BUN and creatinine which pointed to hepatic and kidney damage. All experimental animals that received MEMO had a significant (p<0.05) increase in body weight in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusions: This study therefore confirms for the first time that chronic administration of M. oleifera leaves might predispose to hepatic and kidney damage.
The correlation of ultrasonographic placental architecture with placental histology in the low-risk primigravid population
Authors: Cooley Sharon M. , Donnelly Jennifer C. , Walsh Thomas , McMahon Corrina , Gillan John , Geary Michael P.
Published: March 2013

Aim: To determine the association, if any, between placental architecture findings assessed ultrasonographically at 22 and 36 weeks and placental histology.

Methods: There was prospective recruitment of 1011 low-risk primigravids from the antenatal clinic at the Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. Ultrasound of the placenta was performed at 22 and 36 weeks and histological assessment was made of the placenta of all participants.

Results: Complete data pertaining to ultrasound and placental histology was available for 810 women (80%). Placental calcification on ultrasound in the third trimester was associated with a higher incidence of placental infarction identified following placental histology (80.0% vs. 21.5%; P=0.009: r=0.115). The placental thickness on ultrasound in the second trimester was less in cases complicated by chorioamnionitis (2.62 cm vs. 3.07 cm; P=0.039: r=–0.176). Chronic villitis was associated with a statistically significant increased incidence of antenatal placental infarction identified on ultrasound in the third trimester (10.7% vs. 1.9%; P=0.020: r=0.113). Intervillous thrombi occurred more frequently in cases with reduced placental thickness on ultrasound in the second trimester (3.0 cm vs. 3.3 cm; P=0.035: r=–0.171).

Conclusions: Antenatal ultrasound of the placenta may aid detection of placental disease, particularly in the identification of placental infarction.
Synaptic Mechanisms Underlying Functional Dichotomy between Intrinsic-Bursting and Regular-Spiking Neurons in Auditory Cortical Layer 5
Authors: Sun Yujiao J. , Kim Young-Joo , Ibrahim Leena A. , Tao Huizhong W. , Zhang Li I.
Published: March 2013

Corticofugal projections from the primary auditory cortex (A1) have been shown to play a role in modulating subcortical processing. However, functional properties of the corticofugal neurons and their synaptic circuitry mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we performedin vivowhole-cell recordings from layer 5 (L5) pyramidal neurons in the rat A1 and found two distinct neuronal classes according to their functional properties. Intrinsic-bursting (IB) neurons, the L5 corticofugal neurons, exhibited early and rather unselective spike responses to a wide range of frequencies. The exceptionally broad spectral tuning of IB neurons was attributable to their broad excitatory inputs with long temporal durations and inhibitory inputs being more narrowly tuned than excitatory inputs. This uncommon pattern of excitatory–inhibitory interplay was attributed initially to a broad thalamocortical convergence onto IB neurons, which also receive temporally prolonged intracortical excitatory input as well as feedforward inhibitory input at least partially from more narrowly tuned fast-spiking inhibitory neurons. In contrast, regular-spiking neurons, which are mainly corticocortical, exhibited sharp frequency tuning similar to L4 pyramidal cells, underlying which are well-matched purely intracortical excitation and inhibition. The functional dichotomy among L5 pyramidal neurons suggests two distinct processing streams. The spectrally and temporally broad synaptic integration in IB neurons may ensure robust feedback signals to facilitate subcortical function and plasticity in a general manner.
Amyloid-β1–42Slows Clearance of Synaptically Released Glutamate by Mislocalizing Astrocytic GLT-1
Authors: Scimemi Annalisa , Meabon James S. , Woltjer Randall L. , Sullivan Jane M. , Diamond Jeffrey S. , Cook David G.
Published: March 2013

GLT-1, the major glutamate transporter in the adult brain, is abundantly expressed in astrocytic processes enveloping synapses. By limiting glutamate escape into the surrounding neuropil, GLT-1 preserves the spatial specificity of synaptic signaling. Here we show that the amyloid-β peptide Aβ1–42markedly prolongs the extracellular lifetime of synaptically released glutamate by reducing GLT-1 surface expression in mouse astrocytes and that this effect is prevented by the vitamin E derivative Trolox. These findings indicate that astrocytic glutamate transporter dysfunction may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and suggest possible mechanisms by which several current treatment strategies could protect against the disease.
The Zebrafish Ortholog of TRPV1 Is Required for Heat-Induced Locomotion
Authors: Gau Philia , Poon Jason , Ufret-Vincenty Carmen , Snelson Corey D. , Gordon Sharona E. , Raible David W. , Dhaka Ajay
Published: March 2013

The ability to detect hot temperatures is critical to maintaining body temperature and avoiding injury in diverse animals from insects to mammals. Zebrafish embryos, when given a choice, actively avoid hot temperatures and display an increase in locomotion similar to that seen when they are exposed to noxious compounds such as mustard oil. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the single zebrafish ortholog of TRPV1/2 may have arisen from an evolutionary precursor of the mammalian TRPV1 and TRPV2. As opposed to TRPV2, mammalian TRPV1 is essential for environmentally relevant heat sensation. In the present study, we provide evidence that the zebrafish TRPV1 ion channel is also required for the sensation of heat. Contrary to development in mammals, zebrafish TRPV1+neurons arise during the first wave of somatosensory neuron development, suggesting a vital importance of thermal sensation in early larval survival.In vitroanalysis showed that zebrafish TRPV1 acts as a molecular sensor of environmental heat (≥25°C) that is distinctly lower than the sensitivity of the mammalian form (≥42°C) but consistent with thresholds measured in behavioral assays. Usingin vivocalcium imaging with the genetically encoded calcium sensor GCaMP3, we show that TRPV1-expressing trigeminal neurons are activated by heat at behaviorally relevant temperatures. Using knock-down studies, we also show that TRPV1 is required for normal heat-induced locomotion. Our results demonstrate for the first time an ancient role for TRPV1 in the direct sensation of environmental heat and show that heat sensation is adapted to reflect species-dependent requirements in response to environmental stimuli.
Cross section measurements of a few threshold reactions induced by fast neutrons from an Am/Be source: integral tests of differential neutron reaction cross section data
Authors: Qaim Syed M. , Uddin M.S. , Hossain S. M. , Spahn I. , Zaman M. R.
Published: March 2013

Integral cross sections of the reactions 24Mg(n,p)24Na, 27Al(n,p)27Mg, 27Al(n,α)24Na and 95Mo(n,p)95Nb were measured for the first time with fast neutrons (E
n > 1.5 MeV) from an Am/Be source. Furthermore, upper cross section limits for the reactions 98Mo(n,α)95Zr and 103Rh(n,p)103Ru were deduced. The results were compared with data calculated using the neutron spectral distribution and the excitation function of each reaction given in the data files and libraries ENDF/B-VII, JEFF-3.1.2, JENDL-4.0, IRDF-2004, TENDL-2010, ROSFOND-2010 and CENDL-3.1. In general, the integral measurement and the integrated value agreed within ± 10%. The fast neutron field (with E
n > 1.5 MeV) of the Am/Be source is thus well suited for integral tests of excitation functions of neutron threshold reactions.
Cyclotron production of 44Sc for clinical application
Authors: Krajewski Seweryn , Cydzik Izabela , Abbas Kamel , Bulgheroni Antonio , Simonelli Federica , Holzwarth Uwe , Bilewicz Aleksander
Published: March 2013

44Sc is a promising β
+-emitter for molecular imaging with intermediate half-life of 4 h. Due to the chemical similarity of Sc3+ to the Lu3+ and Y3+ cations, 44Sc-DOTA bioconjugates are expected to demonstrate similar properties in vivo as the 177Lu- and 90Y-bioconjugates, what is important in planning the radionuclide therapy. 44Sc can be obtained from the 44
Ti/44Sc generator. An alternative method for 44Sc production can be the irradiation of 44Ca target at small cyclotrons. The aim of our work was to optimize the parameters of 44CaCO3 irradiation and to develop a simple procedure for 44Sc separation from the calcium target. For optimization study, 44CaCO3 targets were irradiated by protons in the energy range of 5.6–17.5 MeV with 9 MeV being found to be the best energy for 44Ca irradiations. A simple and fast separation procedure of 44Sc from calcium target was developed using chelating resin Chelex 100. DOTATATE conjugate was successfully radiolabelled with high yield at elevated temperature using the produced 44Sc. While 44CaCO3 is relatively expensive, the cost of 44Sc-DOTATATE production can be reduced by target recovery. Due to low proton energy required to produce GBq activity level of 44Sc, the availability of 44Sc radioisotope could be enhanced to open new opportunities for applications in medical imaging.
A minimal invasive surgical alternative to aberrant systemic arterial supply: Coil embolization
Authors: Gümüştaş Sevtap , Akça Ahmet , Çiftçi Ercüment , Topçu Salih , Akgül Asli Gül
Published: March 2013

We present the case of a 20-year-old man with hemoptysis for 3 years. Chest radiography revealed increased pulmonary vascular opacities in the left lower lung field. Computed tomography showed an anomalous systemic artery arising from descending aorta supplying the basal segments of the left lower lobe. Bronchial tree was normal. Pulmonary artery angiogram revealed a hypoplastic inferior lobar branch of the left pulmonary artery. There was no direct communication between anomalous artery and pulmonary veins. We diagnosed our case as aortopulmonary collateral with normal lung parenchyma. Coil embolization of the anomalous systemic artery was performed. The patient survived well without evidence of hemoptysis for 18 months after coil embolization.
A rare complication: Undeflatable balloon of the stent
Authors: Bostan Mehmet , Şatiroğlu Ömer , Erdoğan Turan , Durakoğlug.il Murtaza Emre , Uğurlu Yavuz
Published: March 2013

Percutaneous coronary intervention is an important modality in the treatment of coronary artery disease. These procedures are usually completed successfully, but occasionally serious complications are encountered. In this paper, we present the case of an undeflatable stent balloon, which is an extremely rare complication that has not been described in the literature.
Ultrasonic Milling and Dispersing Technology for Nano-Particles
Authors: Hielscher Kathrin
Published: March 2013

Ultrasonically generated forces are well known for dispersing and deagglomeration of small volumes in laboratory and bench-top scale. By the evaluation and optimization of the most important ultrasonic parameters and the development of large scale ultrasonic machinery, ultrasound forces can be applied also for particle size reduction and wet-milling of nano-particles in industrial scale.
Nanostructured SBA-15 Materials as Appropriate Supports for Active Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts Prepared from HSiW Heteropolyacid
Authors: Mendoza-Nieto J.A. , Tejeda-Espinosa K.D. , Puente-Lee I. , Salcedo-Luna C. , Klimova T.
Published: March 2013

A series of NiW catalysts supported on SBA-15-type materials modified with Al, Ti or Zr were prepared and tested in simultaneous hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of two model compounds: dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT). Catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation of SBA-type materials (pure silica SBA-15, Al-SBA-15, Ti-SBA-15 or Zr-SBA-15) using Keggin-type heteropolyacid H4SiW12O40 as active phase precursor and nickel nitrate. Nominal composition of the catalysts was 19 wt.% of WO3 and 3 wt.% of NiO. The supports and catalysts were characterized by SEM-EDX, N2physisorption, small-angle and powder XRD, UV-Vis DRS, TPR and HRTEM. It was shown that a good dispersion of Al, Ti and Zr species on the SBA-15 surface was reached. The characteristic structure of the SBA-15 support was preserved in all supports and NiW catalysts. Addition of metal atoms (Al, Ti, Zr) on the SBA-15 surface prior to catalysts’ preparation improved dispersion of Ni and W oxide species in calcined catalysts. HRTEM characterization of sulfided catalysts showed that the dispersion of NiW active phase was also better on metal-containing SBA-15 supports than on the pure silica one. All NiW catalysts supported on metal-containing SBA-15 materials showed an outstanding catalytic performance in HDS of both model compounds used (DBT and 4,6-DMDBT). A good correlation was found between the dispersion of sulfided NiW active phase and catalytic activity results. The highest HDS activity was obtained with the NiW catalyst supported on Zr-containing SBA-15 molecular sieve, which makes it a promising catalytic system for ultra-deep hydrodesulfurization of diesel fuel.
Experimental and theoretical studies of Boron Nitride Nanotubes: Electric arc discharge and DFT calculations.
Authors: Silva-Molina R.A. , Gámez-Corrales R. , Guirado-López R.A.
Published: March 2013

We present a joint experimental and theoretical study dedicated to analyze the properties of Boron-Nitride (BN) nanotubes. First, multi-walled boron-nitride (MWBN) nanotubes were prepared by means of a modified electric arc discharge technique using boron-nitride powder. In a first stage, the BN powder was subjected to a ball milling process for about 100 hours in an atmosphere of ammonia. Later on, BN nanoparticle formation took place after the preparation of a pressed pellet at 300 °C to 25 kPa which was sintered in a furnace at approximately 1000 °C in nitrogen atmosphere for 15 hrs. The pellets were subsequently incorporated to the electrical arc discharge set up to obtain the MWBN nanotubes. The as-prepared MWBN nanotubes samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and micro RAMAN spectroscopy. Second, and in order to understand the measured data, extensive density functional theory calculations were performed. We present low energy atomic configurations for model finite-length armchair, zigzag, and chiral single-walled BN nanotubes, as well as for two-dimensional BN sheets. We calculate the vibrational spectra and the optical gap of each one of our considered structures and reveal how precise details of the local atomic environment can be revealed. Finally, we consider BN nanotubes functionalized with NH2, glycine and S-H molecules. We present the structural characteristics of the adsorbed configurations, charge transfer effects, and the electronic behavior. We conclude by underlining the crucial role played by molecular functionalization in order to tune the properties of these kinds of systems.
Preparation of ZnO:Mo Thin Films by RF Sputtering
Authors: Lin Tien-Chai , Chang Shang-Chou , Huang Wen-Chang , Huang Wen-Feng
Published: March 2013

Based on the electron configurations of Mo and Zn, the valence electron difference between Mo6+ and Zn2+ is 4. Therefore, a small amount of Mo doping can produce sufficient free carriers to reduce the ion scattering effects. The Mo doped ZnO (MZO) thin film prepared by RF sputtering was studied in this research. Structural, electrical, and optical characteristics of the films were discussed. The MZO film shows a resistivity of 1.1 × 10-2 Ω⋅cm, a carrier concentration of 2.2 × 1021 cm-3,a mobility of 0.63 cm2/V⋅s, and average transparency of 81.0% at both the powers of 20 W to the Mo target and of 125 W to the ZnO target. The MZO film becomes a stable p-type semiconductor at high power process toward Mo target. The film preserves its p-type characteristics after exposure to air for one and a half months. The crystal structure of the p-ZnO films is amorphous with an average transparency of 34.5%.
Audição de violinistas profissionais: estudo da função coclear e da simetria auditiva
Authors: Azevedo Marisa Frasson de , Oliveira Cristiano de
Published: March 2013

OBJETIVO: Verificar ocorrência de alterações auditivas em violinistas e se há associação com a orelha mais exposta. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados dez violinistas, oito do gênero feminino e dois do gênero masculino, de 17 a 69 anos, que constituíram o Grupo Estudo e foram pareados segundo gênero e idade com não-músicos, sem queixas auditivas. Avaliações realizadas por audiometria tonal liminar, logoaudiometria, imitanciometria, emissões otoacústicas evocadas por estímulo transiente e emissões otoacústicas evocadas por produto de distorção, precedidos por meatoscopia e anamnese. Critério de exclusão: curva timpanométrica alterada. RESULTADOS: Houve maior ocorrência de zumbido bilateral no Grupo Estudo. Quanto ao uso de protetor auricular, observou-se que os músicos não utilizam proteção nos treinos e apresentações. Na audiometria tonal liminar, não houve diferença entre os limiares obtidos nos grupos. Apesar da maior ocorrência de alterações auditivas na orelha esquerda, as diferenças não foram significativas. Na pesquisa das emissões otoacústicas evocadas por estímulo transiente e emissões otoacústicas evocadas por produto de distorção, também não houve diferença entre os grupos e na comparação entre as orelhas. CONCLUSÃO: Foi observada maior ocorrência de alterações auditivas no grupo de violinistas, com maior percentual de alterações na orelha esquerda. No entanto, a diferença entre as orelhas direita e esquerda não foi significativa.
The first stringocephalid brachiopods in the upper Givetian of Selennyakh Range (Northeast Asia) and their paleobiogeographical significance
Authors: Baranov Valeryi V. , Blodgett Robert B.
Published: March 2013

The following stringocephalid brachiopods are formally described from upper Givetian (late Middle Devonian) strata of the Selennyakh Range (Northeast Asia):Omolonia antiquaAlekseeva (in Alekseeva and Nuzhdina, 1967) (subfamily Omoloninae),Geranocephalus inopinusCrickmay, 1954 andGeranocephaloides krivensisn. gen. n. sp. (subfamily Geranocephalinae),Newberria gigantean. sp., andRensselandioidea talyndzhaensisn. sp. (subfamily Rensselandinae). Broad paleobiogeographical connections between the seas of Northeast Asia, northwest Alaska, western Canada (Manitoba), Nevada, and also between the seas of Northeast Asia and South China are clearly established in the Givetian. In addition, two new stringocephalid-bearing communities are established: 1) theOmoloniaCommunity in early Givetian strata of the Baird Group, northwestern Brooks Range, Alaska; and 2) theOmolonia-Geranocephaloides-Newberria-RensselandioideaCommunity in late Givetian strata of the Lower Prianikskay Subsuite in the Selennyakh Range, Northeast Asia, Russia. Both of these communities occur in shallow, quiet-water, lagoonal carbonate platform environments.
Beyond classical thermodynamics: grain growth
Authors: Berdichevsky Victor L.
Published: March 2013

This article aims to explain why classical thermodynamics is insufficient in macroscopic modeling of solids. Polycrystal grain growth is used as an illustrative example.
Practical guidance on characterizing availability in resource selection functions under a use–availability design
Authors: Northrup Joseph M. , Hooten Mevin B. , Anderson Charles R. , Wittemyer George
Published: March 2013

Habitat selection is a fundamental aspect of animal ecology, the understanding of which is critical to management and conservation. Global positioning system data from animals allow fine‐scale assessments of habitat selection and typically are analyzed in a use–availability framework, whereby animal locations are contrasted with random locations (the availability sample). Although most use–availability methods are in fact spatial point process models, they often are fit using logistic regression. This framework offers numerous methodological challenges, for which the literature provides little guidance. Specifically, the size and spatial extent of the availability sample influences coefficient estimates potentially causing interpretational bias. We examined the influence of availability on statistical inference through simulations and analysis of serially correlated mule deer GPS data. Bias in estimates arose from incorrectly assessing and sampling the spatial extent of availability. Spatial autocorrelation in covariates, which is common for landscape characteristics, exacerbated the error in availability sampling leading to increased bias. These results have strong implications for habitat selection analyses using GPS data, which are increasingly prevalent in the literature. We recommend that researchers assess the sensitivity of their results to their availability sample and, where bias is likely, take care with interpretations and use cross validation to assess robustness.
Prediction of longitudinal dispersion coefficient using laboratory and field data: relationship comparisons
Authors: Ahmad Z.
Published: March 2013

Knowledge of dispersion of pollutants in streams is necessary for the determination of both the acceptable limits of effluent input and the concentration along the river course. In the far-field, the primary variation of concentration is in one direction and termed longitudinal dispersion; it is independent of the geometrical configuration and type of source. The longitudinal dispersion coefficient represents the dispersive characteristics of a stream and is required to compute the pollutant concentration at downstream locations of the streams. The longitudinal dispersion coefficient can be estimated either from the pollutant concentration profile, stream velocity profile or channel and flow parameters. Many laboratory and field studies have been carried out by several investigators to develop relationships for the longitudinal dispersion coefficient in terms of the known hydraulic characteristics of the stream. This paper evaluates the accuracy of the existing empirical relationships for the prediction of longitudinal dispersion coefficient, using a large volume of data that cover a wide range of flow and channel parameters.
TRP Channels in Dental Pain
Authors: Chung Gehoon , Oh Seog Bae
Published: March 2013

Despite the high incidence of dental pain, the mechanism underlying its generation is mostly unknown. Functional expression of temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential (thermo-TRP) channels, such as TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPM8, and TRPA1 in dental primary afferent neurons and TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, and TRPM3 in odontoblasts, has been demonstrated and suggested as responsible for dental pain elicited by hot and cold food. However, dental pain induced by light touch or sweet substance cannot be explained by the role of thermo-TRP channels. Most of current therapeutics of dentin hypersensitivity is based on hydrodynamic theory, which argues that light stimuli such as air puff and temperature changes cause fluid movement within dentinal tubule, which is then transduced as pain. To test this theory, various TRP channels as candidates of cellular mechanotransducers were studied for expression in dental primary afferents and odontoblasts. The expression of TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPA1, TRPV4, and TRPM3 in trigeminal neurons and TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4 and TRPM3 in odontoblasts has been revealed. However, their roles as cellular
mechanotransducers are controversial and contribution to generation of dental pain is still elusive. This review discusses recent advances in understanding of molecular mechanism underlying development of dental pain.
Targeting TRPV3 for the Development of Novel Analgesics
Authors: Huang Susan M. , Chung Man-Kyo
Published: March 2013

Decades of characterization of the transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) have led to the realization of its central role in thermosensation and pain perception. A large number of pharmaceutical companies have had interest in developing TPRV1 antagonists for the treatment of pain. The subsequent discovery of multiple other members of this TRPV family has not gone unnoticed. TRPV3 exhibits approximately 40% homology to TRPV1, and has
common as well as distinct features from TRPV1 in channel physiology, expression and function. Here we review the current understanding of TRPV3 channel biology, activation, sensitization and the consequences of TRPV3 manipulation for thermosensation and nociception, as well as additional considerations regarding the expression of TRPV3 in the skin. We weigh in on the available evidence in the context of potential development of TRPV3 modulating agents as analgesics.
Analysis of the possibilities of rare earth elements obtaining from coal and fly ash
Authors: Całus-Moszko Joanna , Białecka Barbara
Published: March 2013

Streszczenie

Pierwiastki ziem rzadkich nazywane powszechnie REE (Rare Earth Elements) to grupa 15 lantanowców od lantanu do lutenu, a także skand i itr, które charakteryzują się podobnymi właściwościami chemicznymi. Stanowią surowce uznane przez Unię Europejską za jedne z listy 14 surowców krytycznych, o znaczeniu strategicznym dla rozwoju nowoczesnych wysoko zawansowanych technologii. Światowe wydobycie REE kształtuje się aktualnie na poziomie 139 tys. Mg, a głównym producentem są Chiny, które dostarczają około 93% światowego zapo­trzebowania na surowce ziem rzadkich W związku z sytuacją na światowym rynku metali ziem rzadkich (REE), w ostatnich latach rozpoczęto wiele projektów w celu poszukiwania nowych źródeł REE. W artykule omówiono znaczenie ziem rzadkich w gospodarce światowej. Głównym celem pracy było określenie potencjału i form występowania pierwiastków ziem rzadkich w węglach kamiennych i odpadach z energetycznego wykorzystania węgla, jako alternatywnego źródła ich pozyskania. Na podstawie analizy literatury oraz przeprowadzonych badań własnych wytypowanych próbek polskich węgli kamiennych i popiołów z elektrowni, przedstawiono zawartości pierwiastków ziem rzadkich REE w wybranych węglach i popiołach lotnych z elektrowni na świecie i w Polsce. Średnia zawartość £ REE w węglach na świecie wynosi 60 ppm natomiast w badanych węglach polskich z KWK Jankowice £ REE wynosiła 77 ppm, dla pozostałych węgli uzyskano niższe zawartości od 8 do 40 ppm. Ponadto praca przedstawia perspektywiczne światowe zasoby tych pierwiastków, które mogą stać się ich cennym, alternatywnym źródłem w ciągu najbliższych lat.
Cooled and desalinated thermal water utilization in the Podhale heating system
Authors: Tomaszewska Barbara , Pająk Leszek
Published: March 2013

Streszczenie

Woda obiegowa w instalacjach ciepłowniczych musi posiadać odpowiednie parametry fizykochemiczne, uzależnione od wymagań technicznych producentów urządzeń, przez które przypływa. Nie powinna powodować powstawania kamienia kotłowego, pienić się oraz korozyjnie oddziaływać na elementy instalacji.

W pracy przedstawiono badania dotyczące oceny możliwości wykorzystania odpadowych wód termalnych w celu uzupełnienia ubytków wody sieciowej w największym polskim geotermalnym systemie ciepłowniczym zlokalizowanym w obrębie niecki podhalańskiej. Obszar ten cechuje się dużymi zasobami wód termalnych, a jednocześnie deficytem wód zwykłych. Odpadowe wody termalne ze względu na wykazywane parametry fizykochemiczne mogą być wykorzystane w systemie dopiero po uzdatnieniu. Podczas badań zagospodarowana i uzdatniana była jedynie część całkowitego strumienia wody geotermalnej (do 5 m3/h), odpowiadająca mniej więcej zapotrzebowaniu systemu ciepłowniczego na świeżą uzdatnioną wodę obiegową (ok. 550 m3/miesiąc). Ubytki wody sieciowej wynikają z nieszczelności sieci, prowadzenia remontów, modernizacji lub obsługi sieci. Oczyszczanie przeprowadzone zostało z wykorzystaniem procesów membranowych w zintegrowanym systemie złożonym z ultrafiltracji (UF) i dwóch niezależnych stopni odwróconej osmozy (RO-1 i RO-2) połączonych szeregowo. Uzdatnianie prowadzone było przy częściowym wykorzystaniu artezyjskiego ciśnienia złożowego, co pozwoliło zredukować moc pomp obiegowych eliminując zużycie energii o około 0,7-0,9 kW. Dzięki pod­wyższonej temperaturze wody uzdatnionej zredukowana została moc cieplna o około 30 kW oraz efektywniej prowadzone były procesy oczyszczania i odgazowania wody. Uzyskano redukcję: zawartości żelaza ze stężenia około 4 do 0,013 g/m3, twardości ogólnej z 13,5 val/m3 do <0,02 val/m3, zasadowości z 4,45 val/m3 do <0,01 val/m3, fosforanów z 0,03 do <0,006 g/m3, uzyskując spełnienie wymagań określonych w normach, co po korekcie pH i odgazowaniu pozwala wykorzystać uzdatnione wody geotermalne dla uzupełnienia ubytków wody sieciowej w systemie ciepłowniczym.

Polska Norma PN-85/C-04601 nie specyfikuje wymagań w zakresie dopuszczalnego stężenia m.in. chlorków i siarczanów w wodzie obiegowej, a więc anionów wpływających nakorozyjność wody, głównie wżerową. Jony te tworzą rozpuszczalne związki z metalami, utrudniając powstawanie i wytrącanie tlenków metali. Zastosowanie przedstawionej technologii membranowej w odsalaniu wód termalnych pozwoliło na uzyskanie wysokiego stopnia retencji. Wynosi on dla chlorków 97% po RO-1 i 99 % po RO-2, natomiast dla siarczanów 99% już po RO-1.
The Social Sciences of Sport: Assumptions, Associations, and Conferences
Authors: Kosiewicz Jerzy , Smoleń Andrzej
Published: March 2013

New national and international societies that examine sports have been created and developed in Europe as well as on other continents. These societies, which examine the complex phenomena, issues, and questions concerning sports as seen from the different scientific points of view, are rooted in two main research directions: the natural sciences on the one hand, and the social sciences on the other.

The authors of the paper point to the significant and ongoing development of the social sciences of sport. In particular, the authors discuss the development of the sociology of sport, philosophy of sport, psychology of sport, pedagogy of sport, history of physical culture, sports and Olympics, the organization and management of sport, social and cultural foundations of tourism and recreation, social relationships associated with sports training and tactics, as well as the humanistic theories of Eastern martial arts.

The authors have listed several national, continental, and international scientific organizations that unite representatives of the aforementioned disciplines. However, the authors’ main focus is on theoretical and organizational assumptions of the International Society for the Social Sciences of Sport, an organization founded in 2009.

The society’s main objectives are to unite the particular social sciences of sport in one organized and scientific body (while maintaining the existing differences between the sciences); to enable the annual debate and exchange of views on the substantive and methodological matters; as well as to provide joint scientific publications connected with common work of the group and with the journal Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research.

The authors discuss the research and publishing activities of the Polish Society for Social Sciences of Sport, introducing the organization as an example of any future organization that could cooperate with the International Society for the Social Sciences of Sport.
K-shell single-electron capture in collision of fast protons with multi-electron atoms
Authors: Ghanbari-Adivi Ebrahim , Velayati Azimeh
Published: March 2013

Single-electron capture from the K shell of atomic targets by impact of protons at moderate and high energies has been studied using a first-order three-body Coulomb-Born continuum distorted wave approximation. The applied formalism satisfies the correct Coulomb boundary conditions. Single-zeta Roothaan-Hartree-Fock wave functions are used to describe the initial electronic bound state of the exchanged electron. Both differential and integral capture cross sections are calculated for impact of protons on carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, neon and argon atoms. The results are compared with the available measurements and other theories. The agreement between the calculations and experimental data is remarkable.
Could a structural damage mimic a Parkinson plus syndrome?
Authors: Alexoudi Athanasia , Zalonis Ioannis , Stathis Pantelis
Published: March 2013

Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is a progressive disease that includes a heterogeneous neuropathological spectrum. In the majority of cases, corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is the underlying disease. Clinical heterogeneity is reflected in the clinical presentation of the syndrome and consequently misdiagnosis is common. Our case is of interest because the symptoms, the poor response to L-dopa and the I123 Ioflupane CIT SPECT (DAT-SCAN) results were typical for CBD. However, the magnetic resonance imaging appearance suggested the possibility of a disease of vascular etiology. A 63-year-old woman presented in our outpatient clinic with symptoms of progressive clumsiness in the right arm when performing movements demanding fine motor skills, and mild speech difficulties. The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) report described ischemic lesions in the left subcortical parietal areas, in the centrum semiovale, in periventricular white matter, cingulated gyrus bilaterally and moderate ventricle dilatation. A comprehensive neuropsychological study suggested mixed cortical and subcortical involvement. A DAT-SCAN examination showed a diminished dopamine transporter uptake in the left lenticular nucleus, suggesting parkinsonisn. For this patient, CBS-CBD was the most probable diagnosis, whereas vascular CBS was not excluded. This case report illustrates the low diagnostic sensitivity in predicting CBD and the overlap with other related neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, it demonstrates that in CBS, different underlying pathologies can be found at the same individual.
Geosite of a steep lava spatter cone of the 1256 AD, Al Madinah eruption, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Moufti M. , Németh K. , Murcia H. , Lindsay J. , El-Masry N.
Published: March 2013

UNESCO promotes geoconservation through various programs intended to establish an inventory of geologically and geomorphologically significant features worldwide that can serve as an important database to understand the Earth’s global geoheritage. An ultimate goal of such projects globally is to establish geoparks that represent an integrated network of knowledge transfer opportunities, based on a specific array of geological and geomorphological sites able to graphically demonstrate how the Earth works to the general public. In these complex geoconservation and geoeducational programs, the identification of significant geological and geomorphological features is very important. These are commonly referred to as ‘geosites’ or ‘geomorphosites’, depending on whether the feature or processes the site demonstrates is more geological or geomorphological, respectively. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is an extraordinary place due to its arid climate and therefore perfect exposures of rock formations. The Kingdom is also home to extensive volcanic fields, named “harrats” in Arabic, referring particularly to the black, basaltic lava fields that dominate the desert landscape. Current efforts to increase awareness of the importance of these volcanic fields in the geological landscape of Arabia culminated in the first proposal to incorporate the superbly exposed volcanic features into an integrated geoconservation and geoeducation program that will hopefully lead to the development of a geopark named, “The Harrat Al Madinah Volcanic Geopark” [1]. Here we describe one of the extraordinary features of the proposed Harrat Al Madinah Volcanic Geopark, namely a steep lava spatter cone formed during a historical eruption in 1256 AD.
Responses of Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola to simulated hunting disturbance
Authors: Ferrand Yves , Aubry Philippe , Landry Philippe , Priol Pauline
Published: March 2013

The Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola is a valued game species in southwestern Europe, which is locally under a high hunting pressure. Disturbance due to hunting can lead to avoidance of wintering areas or have an impact on population dynamics owing to behavioural changes. We studied the impact of disturbance on 54 radio‐tagged woodcocks under an experimental framework. The birds were allocated to the following three groups: simulated hunting disturbance (controlled disturbance; CD), hunted (H) and control (C). We studied the following four behavioural elements: space use, activity duration, number of commuting flights and date of spring migration departure. We found no differences in behavioural responses between the groups except for space use. A majority of CD birds used larger ranges during daytime than did H and C birds but did not change their nocturnal sites. To a large extent, this nocturnal site fidelity likely accounted for the weak disturbance effect, in so far as food intake was ensured. Our study underlines the importance of permanent meadows in the surroundings of forests to help this species to better withstand hunting disturbance.
Effects of hunting on wild boar Sus scrofa behaviour
Authors: Thurfjell Henrik , Spong Göran , Ericsson Göran
Published: March 2013

Predation risk may affect space use and foraging patterns of prey animals, with strong down‐stream effects on diet composition and ecological interactions. Wild boar Sus scrofa is a notorious crop raider but also a popular game species, yet little is known about how risk perception of human hunting affects wild boar space use. We studied the effects of human hunting on the movement of GPS‐collared female wild boar. We found that the hunting method affected whether the wild boar fled or hid. After fleeing into refuge ranges, wild boar moved less and preferred habitats that provided cover and forage such as mast or crops. This suggests that the wild boar tried to reduce the risk of being detected, and possibly also that they avoided competition with resident wild boar in the refuge by using forage that could not be monopolised. The type of hunting thus strongly affected the type of avoidance behaviour displayed by wild boar, with implications for their movement and space use. This suggests that adjusting hunting method to season could be an important management tool for minimising crop losses.
Systematic Review of Design-Based Research Progress
Authors: McKenney Susan , Reeves Thomas C.
Published: March 2013

Sufficient attention and resources have been allocated to design-based research (DBR) to warrant review concerning if and how its potential has been realized. Because the DBR literature clearly indicates that this type of research strives toward both the development of an intervention to address a problem in practice and empirical investigation yielding theoretical understanding that can inform the work of others, thoughtful assessment of DBR progress must devote substantial attention to each of these aspects. This requires an in-depth analysis of full-text reports of DBR, framed by a refined conceptualization of the intended outputs of DBR, and ideally, complemented by empirical investigation involving design-based research participants directly.
New Conceptual Frameworks for Student Engagement Research, Policy, and Practice
Authors: Lawson Michael A. , Lawson Hal A.
Published: March 2013

Student engagement research, policy, and practice are even more important in today’s race-to-the top policy environment. With a priority goal of postsecondary completion with advanced competence, today’s students must be engaged longer and more deeply. This need is especially salient for students attending schools located in segregated, high-poverty neighborhoods and isolated rural communities. Here, engagement research, policy, and practice must become more nuanced and less formulaic, and the ensuing review is structured accordingly. Guided in part by social-ecological analysis and social-cultural theory, engagement is conceptualized as a dynamic system of social and psychological constructs as well as a synergistic process. This conceptualization invites researchers, policymakers, and school-community leaders to develop improvement models that provide a more expansive, engagement-focused reach into students’ family, peer, and neighborhood ecologies.
The Study Of Vertical Cephalic Index (Length-Height Index) And Transverse Cephalic Index (Breadth-Height Index) Of Andhra Region (India).
Authors: Salve Vishal Manoharrao , Chandrashekhar Chikatapu
Published: March 2013

Background & objectives: Cephalometry is a branch of anthropometry that describes measurements of head and face in cadaveric, living or radiologic specimen. The vertical cephalic index is the ratio of the maximum height of head to its maximum length. The transverse cephalic index is the ratio of the maximum height of head to its maximum breadth. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out with 320 (160 male & 160 female) medical students of Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Foundation and Dr. Sudha & Nageswara Rao Institute of Dental Sciences Chinnaoutpally, Krishna District (AP), India. Results: The mean vertical cephalic index for male was 74.08 ± 3.24 and for female was 73.03 ± 4.64. The mean transverse cephalic index for male was 97.91 ± 3.77 and for female was 93.41 ± 5.57. The differences between male and female mean vertical cephalic index and mean transverse cephalic index were significant. Discussion & conclusion: The result of present study shows that all male and female of Andhra region are hypsicephalic according to classification based on vertical cephalic index and acrocephalic according to classification based on transverse cephalic index. Vertical cephalic index of the male is 1-2 point higher than the female in Andhra region population. This data can be useful for forensic medicine experts, plastic surgeons, neurosurgeons, neurologists, anatomist, anthropologist, fasciomaxillary surgeons, oral surgeons and for clinical and research purpose. This study will serve as basis for comparison of future studies on Andhra region population of India and also South Asian population. Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-3 No-3 (2012), Page  6-11 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v3i3.4650
Relationship Of Glycated Haemoglobin (Hba1c) And Glucose In Streptozotocininduced Wistar Rats Is Determined By Linear Regression
Authors: Simeon George Gborienemi , Uwakwe AA , Ibeh GO
Published: March 2013

Objective To evaluate the relationship of glucose and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) in type 1 diabetes model induced by streptozotocin. Research Design and Methods Induction of diabetes mellitus was achieved through the intraperitoneal injection of 70mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin dissolved in 1m citrate buffer pH 4.5 twice daily for 2 days. A total number of thirty rats were used selected among those that have exceeded glucose threshold (>10.0mmol/l) 2 weeks after streptozotocin induction. All rats weighed between 240-300g. Samples for fasting plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin were collected at the tail vein. Glucose was determined by the glucose oxidase method and HbA1C was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLCEsi/ ms) with uv detection. Data was analysed by one way and two way analysis of variance using SPSS version. Results Significant linear relationship was demonstrated between plasma glucose level and glycated haemoglobin which could be predictive of risk of developing diabetes. Control samples had values within reference range, glucose (3.5-6.5 mmol/l) and glycated hemoglobin (4.3-7%). However diabetic test rats elicited values that varied significantly with time. Test result confirms the fact that higher mean values of plasma glucose in diabetic (positive) controls were due to the effect of streptozotocin. Conclusion Plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin show positively mutual relationship and can be used in early diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Using correlation coefficient and regression enhances measurement of the strength of the bivariate association and is predictive. Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-3 No-3 (2012), Page 1-5 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v3i3.4816
Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital: Journey Continues.
Authors: Joshi Amit
Published: March 2013

Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital; Jan-June 2012/vol.11/Issue1/1-3 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v11i1.7757