bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN ECONOMIC ANALASIS ON DEMAND OF IRAQI IMPORTS OF CHICKEN MEAT FOR THE PERIOD (1985-2013)
Authors: & Al- Badri Al-Sahoo
Published: June 2020

The foreign trade in agricultural products form an important factor for developing countries, including Iraq, because of their great importance in the conduct of agricultural products to regional and global markets and supply there agricultural products from the outside world, thus the imports of agricultural products and goods represent great importance in countries that suffer from the domestic production unable to bridge the consumers needs, especially in the short run.The study aims to analysis and determine the most important economic factors those affecting the quantity of imports of  the chicken meat during the period (1985-2013), where the most important variables those affecting were: the domestic production of chicken meat, the index of domestic price of chicken meat, the index of CIF price of chicken meat and the national income in fixed prices, and these variables were interpreted about (71%) of fluctuations in the imported quantities of the chicken meat, and then constructing model and estimation the demand function of imports of  the chicken meat during the study period, and benefit of parameters of this model in the analysis of economic polices alternatives performance to import the chicken meat, and derive all economic indicators of that function within a period of study and the most important are the elasticites of price and income, as well  as the ability to use the function to forecast the quantity of imports of  the chicken meat in the short run.We have a long-term price elasticity appeared for the import of this article (-1.1611), while the income elasticity of imports appeared (7.5592) and it’s representing the marginal propensity to import and it’s shows that Iraq is price taker, by using Error Correction Model. The study forecasted about the imported quantity of the chicken meat during the period (2015-2025), to using these forecasting in the import policy in the short run.
EFFICIENCY OF MARKETING OF SOME FRUIT’S CROPS IN THE PROVINCE OF BAGHDAD FOR THE AGRICULTURAL SEASON 2015 / 2014
Authors: & Thamir Jassim
Published: June 2020

The high marketing margins for fruit crops and lower marketing efficiency in  the province of  Baghdad was the target of  the study and appreciation it and estimate the relative importance for its as well as marketing costs and measuring  Marketing Efficiency for fruit crops studied in the province of  Baghdad during the study period 2014/2015.The search has dealt with the evolution of  economic indicators for the marketing  efficiency of the fruit crops studied  in  the province of Baghdad during the period of the study it was found that the relative importance of absolute margin catalog between the producer price and  consumer price  represents a high proportion of which consumers pay, as an average for the total fruit crops studied around 48.80% , and  the relative  importance of earnings retailer of marketing margin came in the first prize, amounting to an average of the total fruit studied crops around 53.30%, and the wholesaler  profits occupied the second highest marketing margin, amounting on average to fruit crops studied 24.37% , and the marketing operations of wholesalers and retailers combined occupied the third place in  marketing  margin between the producer  price and consumer  price which reached  an average of crops studied about 8.36% This means that the marketing operations have an impact on the  prices paid  by the consumer the transportation costs occupied the fourth place in terms of relative importance  where  the averaging  for  that  fruit  studied about 7.98% , while the damaged quantities costs came in the fifth  rank in  terms of the relative  importance  that  reaching  an average for Fruit crops studied around 600.% , and  measurement of marketing efficiency and the factors influencing  them  in the study area where it was found  the  performance weakness of marketing system  for  fruit crops studied along the marketing channels which are passing through it where the average of the marketing efficiency, according to the three laws used in extracted are 64.87% by the scale 1 with the limits of 40.66% according to the scale 2 and with the limits of 48.50% by the scale 3 It is generally low.One of the main conclusions reached high level of share brokers asymptotic almost to the share of producers of consumer dinars because of their ability to bargain without providing marketing services equivalent to the marketing services provided by the product which thus weakening stimulate producers to develop their production and some of their marketing activities.So the study recommends activating the role of the two devices in order to catalog and indicative determined to take their role in providing guidance and advice to farmers in the marketing of agricultural crops in order to raise efficiency of marketing fruit crops.
EFFICIENCY OF USING BAKED SOIL ON REMOVING SOME HEAVY METALS FROM DIFFERENT WATER SOURCES
Authors: & et al. Thaher
Published: June 2020

A laboratory experiment was carried out to study the effect of unbaked soil  and baked soil  burned  at 4000C and 9000C as filters to remove some  heavy metals (Mn,Cu,Pb,Cd) from three water sources (waste water, Shatt al-Arab and Shatt al-Basra) at four periods (0 , 1/2 , 1, 24 hours. Concentrations of these heavy metals were estimated  before and after passing through these  filters , and removal efficiency was calculated . The results showed that baked soil  at  9000C had the highest removal efficiency  compared with that of 4000C and without baking.  Filtration at 24 hours was the best among other studied periods. The highest removal efficiencies were 95.20% foe Mn at Shatt al-Arab , 67.83% for Cu at Shatt al-Basra , 66.13% for Pb at Shatt al-Basra and 82.82% for Cd at Shatt al-Arab.
KINETIC OF COPPER ADSORPTION IN CALCAREOUS SOIL
Authors: & Al-Robiaee Al-Janabi
Published: June 2020

Laboratory experiment was carried out to study kinetic of copper adsorption using silt clay loam calcareous Iraqi soil. 5ml of copper nitrate solutions (0,25,100 and500 mg Cu L-1)that were prepared from Cu(NO3)2.3H2O Added to (soil) and (soil+compost) treatments. Compost (0.05gm) was added to (soil+compost) treatment that equal 10g kg-1 soil. The soil samples were incubated at 293±2 K for four incubation periods 24,168,336 and 672 h using Batch equilibrium technique. At each incubation period the soluble copper was determined and kinetic equations were tested. The results showed that the soil had high fixation capacity to copper at all concentrations and treatment. The percentage of copper adsorption was 99.72% at first incubation period followed by gradual increase till the pseudo equilibrium at 336h at all concentration (25,100 and 500 mg Cu L-1 solution). Compost application increased the copper fixation capacity and the copper adsorption curves showed the continuation of adsorption from 24 h. to 336 h. incubation period followed by little release of copper at 672 h. at all concentration and treatments. The power function equation was best described the adsorption of copper and copper adsorption constant (Ka) ranged from 3x10-4 to 5.5x10-3 mg Cu kg-1 h-1, which indicate to the high adsorption capacity of such alkaline soil to adsorb Cu and this will be related to Cu fertilizer management.
EFFICIENCY OF THE PHRAGMITES AUSTRALIS AND TYPHA DOMINGENSIS ROOTS IN REMEDIATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS)FROM FRESHWATER SEDIMENTS
Authors: Alwan S. W.
Published: June 2020

This study had been conducted to quantify the concentrations of PAHs compounds in the roots of Phragmites australis[Cav.] Trin. ex Steudel) and Typha domingensis Pers. and to assess their efficiency in remediation of these pollutants from the sediment of fresh water sediment in Hilla, Daghara and Diwaniyah River. Samples (whole plants) were collected from the selective sites, seasonally during 2011-2012. Results showed the efficiency of Phragmites australis and  Typha domingensis roots in the accumulation of HMW-PAHs, which were recorded (69.9 and 35.67 ng.g-1  dry weight DW) during winter and spring whereas these values were (21.8 and 38.7 ng.g-1 ) in shoots samples during the summer and autumn for both plants respectively. In contrast, LMW-PAHs compounds were not detected in some seasons and sites whereas they were recorded (4.22 and 22.1 ng.g-1) during autumn and spring at Diwaniyah and Hilla River in root samples of both plants respectively. High value of root concentration factor (RCF) had been recorded for HMW (11.7 and 4.46) during the summer at Diwaniyah and Daghara Rivers whereas low value was detected to LMW (0.38 and 0.94) during the summer at Diwaniyah River St.4 and St.5 for both plants respectively. Values of translocation factor were recorded (0.62 and 16.7) of LMW-PAHs for both plants respectively, during spring whereas low factors were recorded (0.03 and 0.1) during summer in both plants. Current study manifested that P. australis and T. domngnesis were effective in dissipation of PAHs from sediment by the accumulation of HMW-PAHs and dissipation of LMW-PAHs in the roots. Accordingly, these aquatic plants might be useful in evaluating biodegradation of PAHs in freshwater sediment.
CROWN DIAMETER, CHILLING, AND GIBBERELLIC ACID INTERACTIONS INFLUENCE GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE OF STRAWBERRY CV. FESTIVAL.
Authors: Khalil N. H.
Published: June 2020

An experiment was conducted in unheated greenhouse units of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape -College of Agriculture- University of Baghdad on the first of October,   to observe the effects of amony interaction of crown diameter, chilling,  and foliar application of gibberellic acid on vegetative growth, and reproductive in cv. ‘Festival’ of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa (Duch)). Using randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), Plants were sorted into two groups according to crown diameter (11-15mm (Cd1)  and  6-10 mm (Cd2)), each of them sorted into two groups [Ch0 (without cold storage) and Ch1 (kept in a cold storage for  three weeks at 1-2°C), gibberellic acid was sprayed on plants, with concentration treatments included a control (G0) (distilled water), 150 mg. L–1 (G1) and 300 mg. L–1 (G2).The results showed the highest leaf number and Leaf area. Plant-1, (26.33), (29.70 dcm2) in (Cd1.Ch1.GA0) and (Cd1.Ch1. GA1) respectively, Number of stolon increased significantly by GAs application, the highest number were (8.3) in (Cd1.Ch1. GA2). The highest value of the TSS % was produced from the plants under the effect of  the treatment (Cd1.Ch1. GA0) (8.5%) and the highest pH were 3.70 from the treatment (Cd2.Ch0.GA2). The results indicated the superiority of treatment (Cd1.Ch0.GA0)     in fruit number (22.4), weight (17.77g) and a plant yield (398.2g).
EFFECTS OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ORGANIC AND GROWTH PROMOTER BIOZYME ON GROWTH OF WOLLY PEACH "RED JUNE" 1-	VEGETATIVE GROWTH
Authors: & Al-Biaty Al-Karam
Published: June 2020

A Field experiment was conducted using Factorial within Randomized Complete Block Design during 2014 and 2015 on the wolly peach seedlings cv Red June, which grafted on the seeded apricot, at the Dept. of Horticulture – Coll. Of Agric. – Univ. of Baghdad. The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of foliar application on organic fertilizer and growth promoter biozyme on growth of wolly peach. The tveatments were organic Fertilizer (Botryfun) (F) with 0, 3, 4 , 5 ( Ml.ltr -1) and biozyme (G) 0 , 2 , 4 ( Ml.ltr -1). The results revealed that the plants foliared by organic fertilizer F4 produced significantly highest values for all the studied traits. Plant hight iricveased 17.6, 35.5 cm, new branches lenyht 56.0, 14.4 cm. no. of vegetative branches 11.5, 29.2, diameter of main stem increased 0.85, 1.13cm, single leaf area 42.0, 39.8 cm2 , no of leaves 517.3, 771.7, leaves dry matter % , 36.8, 41.6, for two years respectively. The biozyme G2 increased plant height 15.8 and 35.6 cm, new vegetative branches 53.9, 62.8 cm, new vegetative branches 10.1, 31.6, stem diameter 0.78, 1.14 cm, single leaf area 37.3, 41.0 cm2 , no. of leaves 431.9, 825.0, leaves dry matter % 37.2, 41.3, for two years, respectively.
EFFECTS OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ORGANIC AND GROWTH PROMOTER BIOZYME ON GROWTH OF WOLLY PEACH "RED JUNE" 2- leaves nutrients concentrations
Authors: & Al-Biaty Al-Karam
Published: June 2020

A Factorial experiment within Randomized Complete Block Design was coducted during 2014, 2015 on wolly peach seedlings C.V Red June, which grafted on the seeded apricot , at the Dept. of Horticulture – Coll. Of Agric. – Univ. of Baghdad. The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of foliar application The seedlings were sprayed with four levels of organic fertilizer Botryfun is 0, 3, 4 and 5( Ml.ltr-1) for each level by the symbol F0, F1, F2 and F3 respectively, growth prpmoter Biozyme three levels are 0, 2 and 4(Ml.ltr-1) are indicated G which is G0, G1 and G2 respectively, recorded most of the treatment were significant differences for the control, were the highest values of organic fertilizer in the treatment of F3 to all the elements reaching nitrogen 1.10 and 1.57 %, phosphorus 0.37 and 0.64%, potassium 2.16 and 2.66 %, iron 244.89 and 245.11 ppm, manganese 64.60 and 73.67 ppm, and zinc 105.33 and 128.67 ppm for two seasons respectively. And gave a growth promoter at the third focus G2 highest rates in the stock content from the elements, as it gave the nitrogen 1.10 and 1.54%, phosphorus 0.37 and 0.49%, potassium 2.01 and 2.57%, manganese 61.33 and 72.67 ppm,  and zinc 100.00 and 127.67 ppm, except iron of both seasons. When overlap outperformed many treatment morally for the control were treated overlap G2F3 with the highest value for all nutrients studied, which amounted to 1.12 and 1.70% nitrogen, 0.43 and 0.50.% Phosphorus, 2.22 and 2.78% potassium, 241.67 and 242.00 ppm iron , 68.00 and 86.67 ppm, manganese 121.67 and 132.00 ppm zinc. while the control recorded lower values and all the nutrients studied.
INFLUENCE OF LIGHT SPECTRUM AND BENZYLAMINO PURINE ON SOME VEGETATIVE AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SHOOTS ON TWO VARIETIES OF GERBERA JAMESONII IN VITRO
Authors: & Hamad AL-Hamidawi
Published: June 2020

This research was conducted at the plant tissue culture Lab.College of Agriclture, University of Baghdad from February to October 2015. The aims of the study were investigate the  influence of light quality and Benzylamino purine ( BA) on some vegetative and chemical properties of shoots for two varieties Martinque and Yanara of Gerbera jamesonii . cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.3 mg.L-1 NAA, 0.4 mg.L-1 Kinetin, 0.3 mg.L-1 Spermidine ,100 mg.L-1 Adenine sulphate. The highest number of shoots/explant ( 6.14 ) were When MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L-1 of BA grown under red light with Martinque variety Which did not significantly differ than explants   under White light ( 6 shoots/ explant ). The interaction between variety and kind of  light indicated that on MS free medium gave the highest length of shoots (7.33 , 6.70 cm) for Martinque and Yanara respectively .Total Chlorophyll content of shoots was highest ( 33.37 SPAD) in cultures for Martinque variety illuminated with White light . The results showed that ( 36.36 SPAD) of total Chlorophyll content were achieved with MS medium modified with 3 mg/L-1 BA under White light conditions. The highest values of shoot fresh weight ( 776.4 mg) was reconded on explants illuminated with White light on the medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L-1 BA for Yanara variety . While the MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L-1 BA under White light gave the greatest dry weight ( 64.7 mg) for the Martinque variety which did not differ significantly from the Yanara variety (64.1mg). Higher percentage of Carbohydrates (24 %) was recorded under  red light on (BA)-free medium for Martinque variety .
RESPONSE OF COWPEA TO THE SPRAYING OF BORON AND CARBO LIZER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF GREEN PODS
Authors: & Hanshal Al-bayati
Published: June 2020

An experiment was carried out at the vegetable fields of Horticulture and Landscaping Design Dept. , College of Agriculture / university of Baghdad / Abu Ghraib at season (2014) to study the effect of spraying boron and Carbo lizer on growth and yield of cowpea. (Ramshorn C.v.) Seeds are sown at two dates; Spring and summer date. The experiment also included the use of four concentrations of Boron (B), which were; (0, 50, 100 and 200) mg. L-1 and  three concentrations of Carbo lizer; (c) (0, 1,25 and 2,5) cm3.L-1 sprayed at three times; (30, 45 and 60) days after sowing. The experiment analysis is carried out in accordance to the experimental design RCBD and it is adopted in three replacements, and it is compared with at least L.S.D. significant probability level at 0.05.The treatment B1 show a significant  increase in leaves number (27.4 leaf.plant-1),  leaf area (212.3dm2.plant-1), dry weight for the total vagitative (43.0 g.plant-1 ), day number to flower 50% plants(47.3 days), pod number ( 42.56 pod.Plant-1), yield of green pods (127.5 gm.plant-1), total yield of green pods (6.800 ton.ha-1 ) respectively in spring season, While The treatment B3 show a significant  increase in leaves number (38.6 leaf.plant-1),  leaf area (252.9 dcm2.plant-1), dry Weight for the total vagitative (113.9 g.plant-1 ), day number to flower 50% plants(56.8 days), pod number (100.54 pod.Plant-1), yield of green pods (300.9 g .plant-1), total yield of green pods (16.084 Ton.ha-1 ) respectively in summer season , While The treatment C1 show a significant  increase in number (37.5,28.1 leaf.plant-1),  leaf area (240.1,218.2 dcm2.plant-1), pod number (98.39,40.66 pod.Plant-1), yield of green pods (287.0,122.2 g.plant-1), total yield of green pods (15.304,6.519 Ton.ha-1 ) for both seasons respectively The interaction treatment B1C1(50 mg.L-1 Boron +1.25 cm3 Carbo lizer) in spring season, and B3C1 (200mg L-1 Boron+1.25 cm3 Carbo lizer) in summer season show a significant  increase  of leaves number (30.7,40.3)leaf.plant-1,  leaf area (265.5, 258.4) dcm2.plant-1, dry weight for the total vegetative (47.7, 122.1) g.plant-1, day number to flower 50% plants(47.0,53.7)days, pod number ( 55.43,113.03) pod.Plant-1, yield of green pods (161.9, 316.3) g.plant-1, total yield of green pods (8.632, 16.871) Ton.ha-1 respectively, this is in comparison with the control plant which gave(20.0,28.3 leaf.plant-1),(143.9,182.1 dcm2.plant-1), (32,4, 80.4 g.plant-1),(48.7,59.3 days) (27.17, 70,83 pod.Plant-1), (82.2, 210.3 g.plant-1), (4.385, 11.216 Ton.ha-1)  respectively and for both dates respectively.
THE EFFECT OF SPRAYING OF BORON AND CARBO LIZER ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF DRY COWPEA SEEDS
Authors: & Albayati Hanshal
Published: June 2020

An experiment was carried out at the vegetable fields of Horticulture and Landscaping Design Dep. / College of Agriculture / university of Baghdad / Abu Ghraib on season  2014   to study the effect of spraying boron and Carbo lizer on the productivity and quality of cowpea seeds. Ramshorn c.v. Seeds are sowed on two dates; Spring and summer date. The experiment also includes the use of four concentrations of Boron: 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg. L-1 Which Symbolized B1,B2,B3 and B4 and three concentrations of Carbo lizer; 0, 1.25 and 2.5 cm3.L-1 Which Symbolized C1,C2 and C3. The experiment analysis is carried out in accordance to the experimental with in Randomized complete block design (RCBD) and it is adopted in three replacements, and it is compared with L.S.D. at 0.05 probability level. The results showed superiority of treatment B1 in yield of dry seeds 46.2 g.plant-1, percentage of carbohydrates 64.52% and the treatment B2 showed a significant increase in the bulk density of the seeds 0.669 g.cm3 , percentage of protein in the seeds 22.76% in the spring date while treatment B3 show a significant increase in the number of Seeds in pods 8.86 seed.pod-1, yield of dry seeds 99.8 g.plant-1, specific density 1.068 g.cm3 ,bulk density 0.698 g.cm3 and percentage of protein in the dry seeds 22:56% in the summer date, and excelled treatment of Carbo lizer C1 show a significant increase in yield of dry seeds 45.1 , 90.9 g.plant-1 for both dates respectivelly, The interaction treatment B1C1 show a significant increase in the number of seeds in pod 9.87 seed.pod-1 and yield of dry seeds g.plant-1 59.7 g.plant-1 in the spring date, while the interaction treatment was significantly B3C2 showed a significant increase in the number of seeds in pod 9.27 seed.pod-1 and percentage of protein 22.73% and The interaction treatment B3C1 show a significant increase yield of dry seeds 109.7 g.plant-1  bulk density 0.703 g.cm3 in the summer date, The interaction treatment B1C0 show a significant increase in percentage of carbohydrates 64.70 and 64.80% for both dates respectively.
INFLUNCE OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON CALLUS INDUCTION OF CITRUS VOLKAMERIANA IN VITRO
Authors: & Hamad Al- Khazali
Published: June 2020

This  research  was  conducted  in  the  plant  tissue  culture  Lab. College  of Agriculture / University  of  Baghdad  from  February to  October  2015. The aim  of  the  study  was  investigating  the  influences  of  combinations  of  Naphthalene  acetic  acid (NAA) , Thidiazuron (TDZ) Spermidine  (Spd. ) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy  acetic  acid (2,4-D) , Benzyl  adenine (BA) on callus  induction  and  adventitous  shoot  regeneration  originated  from  cotyledon  of  Citrus volkameriana  seeds. Seeds  were  disinfested  with 0.1 % of  HgCl2  for 15 minutes. The MS  medium  supplemented  with  (0.0,1.5 , 3.0 ) mg L-1  NAA in combination with (0.0, 0.05, 0.1) mg L-1  TDZ and (0.0, 0.5 ,1.0) mg L-1 Spd. and MS medium supplemented with (0.0, 1.5 , 3.0) mg L-1  2,4-D in combination with (0.0 ,1.0 , 2.0 )  mg L-1  BA and (0.0 ,0.5 , 1.0) mg L-1  Spd. the  interaction between 1.5 mg L-1  NAA and (0.05 , 0.1)  mg L-1  TDZ and the interaction between 3.0 mg L-1  NAA and (0.05 ,0.1) mg L-1  TDZ with all concentrations of Spd.   gave  the  highest  percentage of  callus  induction  100 % . While  the  MS  medium  supplemented  with  3 mg L-1 of  2,4-D in  combination  with  all  concentrations  of  BA  and  spd.  gave  the  highest  percentage 100 % of  callus induction. Results showed that  MS medium supplemented  with 1.5 mg L-1  NAA in combination  with  0.1 mg L-1 TDZ and  1.0 mg L-1 spd.  gave  the  highest  values  of  fresh  and  dry  weight  of  callus  (668.8, 44.59 ) mg  respectively . While  the  MS  medium  supplemented  with  3 mg L-1 2,4-D  in combination with 1.0 mg  L-1  spd.  And 0.0 mg L-1 BA gave  the  highest  values  of  fresh  and  dry  weight  of  callus  (709.2 , 47.28 ) mg  respectively.
COMMUNICATIONAL SOURCES USED BY THE AGRICULTURAL AGENT TO TRANSFER AGRICULTURAL INFROMATION FOR RICE FARMERS IN AL-ABBASSIA / NAJAF Al-ASHRAF GOVERNORATE
Authors: Al-Salhi A. T. Hd.
Published: June 2020

The research aimed to know the communicational sources used by agricultural Agent to transfer agricultural information for rice farmers in AL- Abbbassia of Najaf Al- Ashraf province and determine the most important extension means and method used by the agent in his contact with farmers. A questionnaire is designed to collect data included three scales to measure communicational sources (personal methods , collective methods, and mass media methoda ), The research community was farmers associations in AL-Abbassia cultivation section (11) association, The sample was farmers associations (36%) which were ( AL-Sadr, Iraq, Murtatha, and mohamed massage ), then another proportional random classical sample was taken (15%) of farmers of the mentioned associations (709) which was (106) farmers ,The research results showed that the communicational sources play a very important role in transfer of agricultural information to rice farmers, as well as the collective methods were most methods the used by extension agent to transfer the information, There were also some differences in the used sources which  means that all methods were important. The research recommended to take care and attention to rice crop as a strategically crops, cooperation with general corporation of the agricultural research department of rice growing development , Inaddition it can recommended to support the research extension agents and rice farmers by training courses according to their communicational need.
PROPOSED ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE FOR AGRICULTURAL INITIATIVE MEDIA IN IRAQ
Authors: & Naji AL-Hamadani
Published: June 2020

The current paper aims at building  Proposed Organizational Structure For Agricultural Initiative  Media in Iraq for observing the opinions of  the employees working in the Agricultural initiative  and those working in  the media and agricultural sector on three levels as to measure suitability of  Proposed informational  Organizational Structure . In order to carry out goals of the research, a questionnaire has been prepared andincluded fifth scale consisting of 115 items distributed on 6 space and 22 axils. The research has been carried out on cluster random sample with 50% of all offirst. Iraqi governorates of southern, middle and northern (15) except Kurdistan governorates, withKirkuk governorate assign for the north (the area of the research) while Baghdad, Diyala, Karbala, Al-Najaf for the middle, and Basra,Maysan and The Qar for the south. Seconed.employees agriculturedistributedon three levels, the first level  includes  the  supreme committee of  agriculture initiative in  the center  and branch committees  in the governorates, the second level includes informational department employees in directorates of agriculture and informational sector in agricultural training and instructions , while the third level  includes agricultural employees  working in  the centers and agricultural departments .  Through having the scale of  informational  organizational  structure offered to the sample of  the research , it has finally reached  to items of building proposed organizational structure  by using  the following scale:  the item within  the finished form  for building the structure  has been obtained  a larger average  than the proposed average amounted  (3 degree) ; the result was to remain all items in the final form  for building  the proposed informational  organizational structure in all three levels  of the research sample. Then, it has been reached to build the finished form of the proposed informational organizational structure of agricultural initiative Media.  The researcher has recommended tonecessarily provide necessities to succeed this proposed informational organizational structure of agricultural initiative Media since being considered as a basic element for succeeding the High Committee of Agricultural Initiative.
THE TRAINING KNOWELDGE NEEDS FOR BARLEY GROWERS TO MANAGE THEIR CROP AT AL-SHIHIMIYA TOWNSHIP – ALSWIRA TOWN –WASIT GOVERNORATE
Authors: Hassuny A. R.
Published: June 2020

This research aimed to determine the level of training knowledge needed for barley growers to manage their crop at Al-shihimiya Township –Alswira Town -Wasit Governorate.The training knowledge needed aimed to cover all crop management axes which included land preparation, date of seeding fertilizer and pesticides application, irrigation and harvest, to recognize the most important problems faced by barley growers during growing period. To archive that goal a randomized sample was taken 5% from the growers' population 2126 (i.e. the sample size was 106 growers). The statistical analysis covered 100 growers and data collected through questionnaires sheet .This sheet included two parts: 1st one aimed to test the training knowledge needed for barley growers to manage their crop at the field through 47 paragraphs distributed to 6 axises which included land preparation ,date of seeding fertilizer and pesticides application ,irrigation and harvest. The 2nd part included 12 suggested problems facing barley growers during crop management. Results indicated that 51% of the questioned growers had high training qualifications and this represent 117.49 grade on the scale of 0-141 for training knowledge needed .The most problems facing the growers is the delay in receiving their money dues with an important grade of 3. The 2nd faced problem growers faced was the import of barley crop by the government which had 1.89 grades. Therefore, it can be con concluded that Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) have to activate the role of agriculture extension through their personals available at the ministry directorates and extension centers through training programs and extension activities related mainly to strategic  crop in general and barley crop in particular and encourage growers  to join such this activities .Furthermore, MOA should provide agricultural chemicals and agricultural equipments as a part of the subsidizing program Iraqi government have and help farmers to collect their grains and make sure to pay for it at the right time from the MAO and the Ministry of Trade (MOT) due to the dependence of those growers on this income for their life support
INFLUENCE OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON OVULES ABORTION, SEED SET AND ITS GERMENATION OF TWO ALFALFA CULTIVARS
Authors: & Al-Beiruty Khrbeet
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm, College of Agriculture, Abu-Ghraib, Baghdad, Iraq during the period from mid. of March 2012 to mid. of July 2014 to investigate the effects of plant growth regulators and foliar application stages on ovules abortion, seed set and its germination of two alfalfa cultivars. Layout of the experiment was R.C.B.D. arranged in split-split plot with three replications. Cultivars (local and hamedan) were assigned as a main plot and foliar application stages (vegetative growth, flower buds emergence, 50% flowering and 80% flowering) were assigned as sub-plots, while growth regulators (Alar, Ethephon, Naphthalene acetic acid(NAA) and control treatment) were assigned in the sub-sub-plots. Result showed that there were no significant differences between cultivars in all traits. Foliar application of NAA increased No. of ovules per floret (9.11) compare with other treatments, but it was not significantly different compare with Alar. In 1st and 2nd seed crop, plants sprayed with Alar at flower buds emergence stage gave highest seed set (5.17, 6.93) respectively. Percentage of ovules abortion significantly influenced by growth regulaters, folair application stages and their interaction. Since, foliar application of Alar at beginning of flower buds emergence reduce % of ovules abortion (30.89). In general, plants sprayed at vegetation growth stage increased % of seed germination. It was clear from this study that more than 40% of ovules were aborted, this may be one of the reasons for reduction of seed yield in alfalfa, therefore, we recommended to do more researches in this field in order to know the causes of ovules abortion.
THE MARKETING EFFICIENCY FOR THE SOME VEGETABLE CROPS IN THE AGRICULTURAL PROVINCE OF BAGHDAD FOR SEASON SUMMER 2014
Authors: & et al. Al fraji
Published: June 2020

Vegetables are considered important agricultural commodities for consumer , because they contain proteins carbohydrate, oil, and vitamins. There is an increasing demand for these products which makes the process to reach the consumer in suitable prices a necessary task . Agricultural marketing has an important role in making the price for these products especially the agricultural marketing . the object of this paper is to calculate the marketing  margin for some   vegetable crops, like tomatoes, cucumber, onions and potatoes, between whole sale price and consumer price in Baghdad province and to calculate the relative importance for marketing margin items. The research arrived to some results like that the marketing margin between wholesale price and consumer price represents an important part of what consumer spends as it was about 35.6% for tomatoes, 39.0% for cucumber, 23.0% for eggplant, and 36.6% for potatoes, 35.8% for onions and as average for all vegetables was about 34.1 % the relative importance of marketing margin components came in the first place , the profits of retailer as it was on  average for all vegetables about 42.6% and in the second place was come transportation costs as it  relative importance was on average about 18.8%  while the relative importance of marketing operations was 17.7%. And then came the marketing operations, packaging and loading costs.
STUDY THE AFFORD OF STOCKS OF ALMOND KORSCHINSKII AND ORIENTALIS TO SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS
Authors: Al-Hasan M. S.
Published: June 2020

The study was conducted in order to know the ability of Korschinskii and Orientalis Almonds to tolerance of the drought stress using several levels of water irrigation (100, 75, 50 and 25%) from the field capacity, with several indicators (number of leaves, the thickness of the leaves, root growth).  The results obtained not affected by the stock in the KorschinskiiAlmonds drought stress (255, 242, 220, 198 leaves), while the number of leaves that accompany the burning edges under the influence of droughtstress  inOrientalis Almonds (250, 130, 60, 12 leaves) at levels of  irrigation water (100, 75, 50, 25%) of field capacity respectively. Korschinskii Almond superiority in terms of morale in the thickness of the leaves (0.022, 0.026, 0.026, 0.028 cm) compared with Orientalis Almond (0.024, 0.025, 0.026, 0.026 cm) at levels of irrigation water (100, 75, 50 and 25%) from the field capacity arrangement, which played an important role in tolerance drought stress, and the results obtained showed the superiority of the Korschinskii Almonds length on the main roots (41.15, 43.13, 45.12, 50.1 cm) while of Orientalis Almond (39.5, 40.66, 41.13, 43.16 cm) of irrigation water (100, 75, 50 and 25%) from the field capacity arrangement, which reflected positively on the ability to withstand drought stress.
EFFECT OF VITAMIN E AND COD LIVER OIL SUPPLEMENT WITH BIVALENT OIL BASED VACCINE OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE AND INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS DISEASE ON IMMUNE RESPONSE OF THE BROILERS.
Authors: & et al. ABDULWAHID
Published: June 2020

This study was aimed to enhance the immune response of the broilers by vitamin E and Cod liver oil supplement with locally inactivated bivalent vaccine of Newcastle disease and Infectious bronchitis viruses. One hundred and twenty broiler chicks Ross 308 were divided to four groups at 30 chicks of each group. The 2nd group was vaccinated with 0.5ml/chick of locally inactivated ND-IB vaccine at 5 days old. The 3rd group was vaccinated with 0.5ml locally ND-IB vaccine and 0.1 ml/chick of VE. The 4th group was vaccinated with 0.5ml of locally ND-IB vaccine and 0.1ml/chick of Cod liver oil, while the first group was left without vaccination as a control group. All groups were vaccinated with attenuated ND-IB at 3 days old and attenuated IBD at 14 days old. The results of ELISA test revealed that the 3rd and 4th groups showed significantly increased (P≤0.05) in Ab titers against ND virus at aged 35 days, also, the 4th group showed significantly (P≤0.05) increased in Ab titers against IB virus at day 35 of age as compared with the other groups. The 4th group showed a significant (P≤0.05) increased in bursal index as compared with the other groups. The results of challenge test revealed that vaccinated groups resist the velogenic ND and IB viruses with relatively high productive range particularly the 4th group as compared with other groups. In conclusion, the VE and Cod liver oil supplement with local bivalent oil based vaccine of ND and IBV may enhance the immune response of the broilers particularly the 4th group which vaccinated with 0.5 ml of local bivalent oil based vaccine of ND-IB vaccine and 0.1 ml Cod liver oil.
FLOWERING SYNDROME – HYBRID PERFORMANCE RELATIONSHIP IN MAIZE 2- Yield and yield components
Authors: & et al. Al- Khazaali
Published: June 2020

Field experiment during four seasons (spring and fall 2014 and 2015) was carried out on maize at the experimental field of Field Crop Dept., Agric. Coll., Univ. of Baghdad to study the role of selection for early and late flowering (silking) of inbred lines on the grain yield of the consequent hybrids. Four inbred lines (Zm19, Zm32, Zm51 and Zm61) and two testers (Zm21 late and Zm60 early silking) were used. In the first two seasons, the seeds of the four inbred lines were planted, first 10 plants that flowered early and 10 plants that flowered late were selected, the seeds of the selected plants were multiplied. The seeds of the early and late selected inbred lines were planted in the third season and then crossed with testers. Crosses from the early and late silking (ELS) were produced and their seeds were cultivated in the last season. Comparison in some growth traits, yield and its components were conducted among the crosses. The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block (RCBD) with three replicates. The selection for parents of early and late silking has significantly influenced the Grain Yield (GY), the cross Zm19xZm60 (produced from crossing parents of early silking selected from inbred lines - PESSIL) has surpassed in the GY on its counterpart (produced from parents of late silking selected from inbred lines) (10.516 and 8.188 ton.ha-1 sequentially). The testers (Zm21 late silking and Zm60 early silking - ES) have significantly differed in their effect on the traits of some hybrids (produced from crossing) especially the GY when crossed with ES parents. The cross (Zm19 x Zm60) which produced from crossing the tester Zm60 with the ES parents selected from the inbred line Zm19 has surpassed the cross Zm19 x Zm21, which produced from crossing the tester Zm21, with PESSIL Zm19 in GY (10.516 and 6.642 mt ha-1 ton.ha-1, sequentially). Selection has also shown significant differences in several traits, the most prominent are the Seed’s Growth Rate (SGR). It can be conclude that selection for ES and LS inbred lines and testers’ effect have a great importance in deriving hybrids of a high yield and several traits.
EVALUATION OF DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR BABYLON PARK
Authors: & Jasim Al-Bawi
Published: June 2020

Attention Recently directed to the importance of urban parks and gardens, being one of the basic and essential components to develop quality of urban life. The evaluation of design characteristics of the historical landscape parks from different aspects, one of the most important goals aspires landscape designer to be studied within the master plan of the city. The search adopted field survey methodology and observation, description within limits of current study. Babylon park using the camera and recording videos, in order to embody the components and elements of the overall site, using aerial maps of park site to sketching the sites accurately ,taking into consideration relationship of study area to neighboring areas. Evaluation process of Babylon Tourist Park included four main stages the obtain information,analysis characteristic features, determine the importance and integrity of the site), were also distributed evaluation form on a sample of experience in the planning,design and plants persons responsible for the management and maintenance of the park. After Data were processed using Microsoft office excel 2010.  To find duplicates and percentages for evaluators answers. The results for the evaluation for the artificial components (the main gate,the main buildings,the roads and the lanes) were appropriate for the site ,mean while the car park was unsuitable in terms of design aesthetic and functionality regarding the natural components. The effectiveness of the observation of nature got the highest evaluation, followed by recreational travel and the and finally holding concerts and confirmed  the importance of evaluating the results of the park and all the interlocutor where you got the utmost preference  as a public garden combines with view of natural and historical  properties. Vegetation has been characterized by large trees with great  differences in the kind  and tissue of  the tree , while the shrubs was a great contrast to the average in terms of forms and spun.It turns out that Babylon tourist park is one of the most important natural parks - historical, which is located in the city of Hilla, center, and increasingly important compared with the gardens of  other  city because it is one of the elements of the powerful attractions of the city culturally and historically as a result of his involvement in important historical events as well as it relates to environmental and natural monuments.
INFLUENCE OF WHEY FOLIAR SPRAYING AND GROWING POINT PINCHING ON GROWTH AND YIELD PARAMETERES OF OKRA
Authors: & Muhammed Abed AL-Hussain
Published: June 2020

An experiment was carried out in the fields that belong to agiriculture college /Baghdad university (AL-Jadyria) according to randomized compeleted blocks design(R.C.B.D.) with three replications during the spring season of 2015 to Study impact of growing point pinching and foliar spraying of whey on some traits of vegetative growth and yield of okra(Abelmoschus  esculentus L.Moench) AL-Batra local cultivar.The experiment was included six treatments which was pinching or no pinching of growthing point and foliar spraying of whey with three concentration (0%,50%and75%).The results showed that pinching was siginificant in all traits of vegetative growth except plant High where the highest values of branches number , diameter of stem and leafes numbers which were(1.911 branch/plant , 3.45 cm/plant ,84.0 leaf/plant) respectively while there was not significant differences in foliar spraying of whey in all traits except plant high which was(163.6 cm/plant)with 75%. The interaction between pinching and foliar spraying of whey with(75%)was significant to plant high and branches number which were (167.0 cm/plant and 2.133 branch/plant) respectively and the interaction between pinching and comparison treatment of whey(0%) was significant to diameter of stem and leafes number which were (3.67 cm/plant and 88.80 leaf/plant) respectively. The results point out that pinching treatments were not significant in all traits of yield while whey fliar spraying with(50%) was significant to fruit weight average and yield per plant which were (2.76 gm/plant and 0.2103 kg/plant) respectively. The interaction between pinching and comparison treatment of whey(0%) was significant to fruits number per plant which was(82.7 fruit/plant) and interaction between pinching and foliar spraying of whey with(50%) was significant to fruit weight average and yield per plant which were(2.92 gm/fruit and 0.228 kg/plant) respectively.
EFFECT OF EXTRACTION OF SHEEP MANURE WITH WARM WATER ON THE GROWTH AND NUTRIENTS CONTENT OF TOMATO PLANTS UNDER CULTIVATION OF PLASTIC HOUSES
Authors: & Al-Sulaimawi Al-A'amry
Published: June 2020

An experiment was conducted under greenhouse condition at a farm located in AlImary district east of Baghdad to study the effect of sheep manure water extract on the growth of tomato plants var. Wijdan during the season of 2014-2015.The experiment was consisted of 14 treatments which included of sheep manure with hot (42ْC) and lmbient (20ْC) Water temperature applied either by foliar at 25% and 50% concentration or directly to the soil at 50% and 100% concentration splited to 7 applications control treatments either distilled water as foliar and recommended chemical fertilizers (applied to soil). The experiment was designed according to the random complete block statistical design (RCBD) with three replications Results showed that the chemical treatment and the treatment of hot water extracted significantly when compared with the cold counterpart especially the treatment of hot water extract sheep manure sprayed at 50% and soil applied at 100% concentration in plant height, leaf  number, leaf area , plant  dry weight  and total chlorophyll. In addition, the chemical treatment and the treatment of hot water foliar applied at 50% and soil applied at 100% concentration significantly increased concentration of N ,P and K in leaf tissue while hot extract gave the highest Ca and Mg concentration in leaf tissue.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF DIFFEREN LEVEL OF SOIL SALINITY ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF WHEAT CROP IN WASIT PROVINCE
Authors: & Farhan Nassir
Published: June 2020

The study sample included 590 farmers in Wasit province, has been taking samples of soils that the first two levels of the samples  0-15 cm, and second 15-30 cm, from different agricultural people in the province, was the level of salinity of the soil analysis, in the laboratories of the Faculty of agricultural techniques / Musayyib, SPSS software to analyze the function and use the influence of the level of soil salinity on the productivity of wheat crop, and traversed by testing the function of class I and II, and turned out to be an inverse relationship which determine the level of critical soil salinity b 12.13 Desiminz / m, a level which even then the average revenue dunum  with average costs, also identified the level of salinity of the soil, which then become the productivity of the crop is equal to zero when the function 18.163 ds m-1. The study recommended that the Department of Agriculture is committed to non-introduction of land that soil salinity level higher than 12 ds m-1 within the agricultural plan for the province of Wasit, because that is a waste of economic resources. The study also recommended the need to draw a map of the levels of land salinity in general to determine the crop structure that is appropriate different levels of salinity, and recommended the encouragement of farmers who are their lands with high levels of soil salinity on other crops more tolerant to salinity, such as barley, alfalfa and clover, and others.
PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SALIVARY AMYLASE INHIBITOR EXTRACTED FROM BARLEY
Authors: & Hakeem Abood
Published: June 2020

Amylase inhibitors were purified by many sequential steps included concentration by gradual addition of ammonium sulfate at  saturation ratios. ranged from 0 to 90% . The best ratio of saturation was found to be 70% as the specific activity and inhibition activity toward Human alpha-amylase(HAS)  were the highest ( 8 U/mg and 6 U/ml respectively as compared to those of the rest ratios, the ratio of saturation with ammonium sulfate 60 % and then 50%, (5.8 ,5.5  )U/ml and( 7.7 ،7 )U/mg respectively for inhibition activity and specific activity and for  40% ,30%20%  saturation  the inhibition activity and specific activity were(5 ،4.8 ،4 ) u/ml (6.6 ،6 ،5.8) u/mg respectively .The precepitation step was followed by ionic exchange chromatography technique by DEAE-cellulose column( 3×11 )cm and the results showed that there was one peak with inhibition activity toward (HAS). Further  purification steps were conducted using gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 column    (1.5  ×  60)cm; the purification folds was5.59 times with outcome of 46.5%.The results of alpha-amylase inhibitors characterization showed that the molecular weight was about 23.44 and 22.9  kDa  as determined by electrophoresis and gel filteration respectively.