bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF PROGRAMMED FITNESS EXERCISE ON SCOLIOTIC BAD POSTURE
Authors: Bićanin Predrag , Gajević Aco , Radovanović Dragan , Stojiljković Stanimir , Ivanović Jelena
Published: February 2025

This research included the sample of 79 pre-school boys of 6 and 7 years old, with 40 of them in experimental group and 39 in control group. The experimental group, in addition to regular program activities within the children's sports school (3 times a week), was involved in 48 additional (2 times a week) training sessions in sports (fitness) clubs. In order to determine the effects of six months fitness exercise on scoliotic poor posture of preschool children, the following variables have been used by application of the "Spinal Mouse" instrument: the grade of the curvature in thoracic spine, grade of the curvature in the lumbar spine and inclination of the spine. Although small to moderate effects were obtained by the examinations of two-way mixed analysis of variance (pη2 from .009 to .076), the results show the experimental group achievements as significantly higher advancement then with control group. Unlike control group, differences between initial and final measurements in experimental group was statistically significant at general (Wilks` Lambda .724, F=9.663, p= .000) and partial level (F= 13.891, p= .000 for curvature in thoracic spine, F= 6.181, p= .015 for curvature in lumbal spine and F= 13.551, p= .000 for inclination). As well, with individual eta coefficient findings in comparison with each group measurements it is visible that value of obtained effects is different between groups to the benefit of the experimental group (pη2 from .073 to .151 in experimental group and pη2 from .006 to .018 in control group). Based on the analyzed parameters, we concluded that the constant application of the proposed program can significantly improve postural status, as well as to prevent poor body posture, which in the future can result with appearance of a deformity
Screening and optimization of high-efficiency H2-producing Chlorella strains
Authors: Supakriangkrai Thaninthorn , Phunpruch Saranya
Published: February 2025

Hydrogen (H2) is a promising clean energy carrier that can be produced from green algae. By screening H2-producing Chlorella species, Chlorella sp. ChiW1, isolated from a rice paddy field in Chai Nat province, Thailand, exhibited the highest H2 production rate and yield. The mid-logarithmic phase cells of Chlorella sp. ChiW1 demonstrated the highest H2 production. Nitrogen deprivation doubled the H2 production compared to normal conditions, due to increased hydrogenase activity resulting from reduced O2 evolution. Furthermore, a high concentration of acetic acid in Tris-acetate phosphate medium, combined with increased light intensity, significantly enhanced H2 production. Under optimal conditions, nitrogen-deprived Chlorella sp. ChiW achieved a maximum H2 production rate of 31.28 ± 1.73 μmol H2 mg chl−1 h−1 and a total H2 production yield of 925.32 ± 19.95 μmol H2 mg chl−1 after 96 hours of light anaerobic incubation. Compared to other reported Chlorella strains, Chlorella sp. ChiW exhibited significantly higher H2 production, underscoring its potential for efficient biohydrogen production.
The Role of Hedonic Motivation As The Mediator In The Effect of Social Media Endorsement Short Video Toward Impulsive Repurchase Intention on Generation Z
Authors:   Graduate Program in Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Nurasti Anandita , Sobari Nurdin ,   Graduate Program in Management, Faculty of Economic and Business, University of Indonesia
Published: February 2025

Manuscript Type: Research Paper Research Aims: To analyze how demand, convenience, interactivity, and playfulness in short videos influence perceived enjoyment, which in turn affects hedonic motivation and impulsive repurchase intentions, both directly and indirectly.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This study used quantitative research with 278 respondents, analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Research Findings: Demand, convenience, and playfulness significantly enhance perceived enjoyment, while interactivity does not. Perceived enjoyment positively influences hedonic motivation, which partially mediates its effect on impulsive repurchase intention.
Theoritical Contribution/Originality: This study reveals that stimuli in short video endorsements, including demand, convenience, and playfulness, significantly boost perceived enjoyment and hedonic motivation in Generation Z, influencing impulsive repurchase intentions, particularly among female consumers.
Practitioner/Policy Implication: Short videos fail to capture the interactions between influencers and audiences, so brands should be cautious when using them to boost consumer loyalty. For Generation Z, impulse repurchase intention is more influenced by the short video format than by hedonic motivation, highlighting the importance of playfulness. This research offers brands valuable insights for using short videos as a promotional strategy.
Research Limitation/Implications: Interactivity in short videos differs from live streaming, and the specific clothing brand used is unidentifiable, raising concerns about respondents' brand recall. Additionally, the pre-test lacked confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), did not validate wording, and removed indicators without justification.
Multifractality and mobility edge in a periodically driven non-reciprocal Aubry-André model
Authors: WANG Yujia  , XU Zhihao  ,   1 State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;,   2 Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Published: February 2025

In this work, we investigate the delocalization-localization transition of Floquet eigenstates in a driven chain with an incommensurate Aubry-Andr\'e (AA) on-site potential and a small non-reciprocal hopping term which is driven periodically in time. The driving protocol is chosen such that the Floquet Hamlitonian corresponds a localized phase in the high-frequency limit and a delocaized phase in the low-frequency limit. By numerically ecaluating the inverse participation ratio and the fractal dimension $D_q$, we identify a clear delocalization-localization transition of the Floquet eigenstates at a critical frequency $\omega_{c}\approx0.318\pi$. This transition aligns with the real-to-complex spectrum transition of the Floquet Hamiltonian. For the driven frequency $\omega>\omega_c$, the system resides in a localized phase, and we observe the emergence of CAT states-linear superposition of localized single particle states-in the Floquet spectrum. These states exhibits weight distributions concentrated around a few nearby sites of the chain, forming two peaks of unequal weight due to the non-reciprocal effect, distinguishing them from the Hermitic case. In constrast, for $\omega<\omega_c$, we identidfy the presence of a mobility edge over a range of driving frequencies, separateing localized states (above the edge) from mulitfractal and extended states (below the edge). Notablely, multifractal states are observed in the Floquet eigenspectrum across over a broad frequency range. Importantly, we highlight that the non-driven, non-reciprocal AA model does not support either multifractal states or a mobility edge in its spectrum. Thus, our findings reveal unique dynamical signatures absent in the non-driven non-Hermitian scenario, offering a fresh perspective on the localization properties of periodically driven systems. Finally, we provide a possible circuit experiment scheme for the periodically driven non-reciprocal AA model. In the following work, we will extend our research direction to clean systems, such as Stark models, to explore the influence of periodic driving on their localization properties.
Characterization of secular motion and excess micromotion in a Liquid Nitrogen-Cooled Ca+ Ion Optical Clock
Authors: MA Zixiao  , ZHANG Baolin  , HUANG Yao  , GAO Kelin  , GUAN Hua  ,   1 State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;,   2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;,   3 Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China;,   4 Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China
Published: February 2025

In ion optical clock systems, the motional effects of trapped ions are critical factors in determining clock performance and currently represent key limitations in achieving lower uncertainty across different ion-based optical clocks. Building on the first liquid nitrogen-cooled Ca$^+$ ion optical clock [PhysRevApplied.17.034041], we have developed a new physical system for a second Ca$^+$ ion optical clock and made significant improvements to its ion trapping apparatus. These improvements primarily focus on two aspects: First, we designed and implemented an active stabilization system for the RF voltage, which stabilizes the induced RF signal on the compensation electrodes by adjusting the RF source amplitude in real time. This approach effectively suppressed long-term drifts in the radial secular motion frequencies to less than 1 kHz, achieving stabilized values of $\omega_x = 2\pi \times 3.522(2)\,\mathrm{MHz}$ and $\omega_y = 2\pi \times 3.386(2)\,\mathrm{MHz}$. The induced RF signal was stabilized at 59 121.43(12) µV, demonstrating the high precision of the stabilization system. Second, we optimized the application of compensation voltages by integrating the vertical compensation electrodes directly onto the ion trap structure. This refinement enabled us to suppress excess micromotion in all three mutually orthogonal directions to an even lower level. With the RF trapping frequency tuned close to the magic trapping condition of the clock transition, we further evaluated the excess micromotion-induced frequency shift in the optical clock to be $2(1) \times 10^{-19}$. To quantitatively assess the secular motion of the trapped ion, we performed sideband spectroscopy on the radial and axial motional modes, measuring both red and blue sidebands. From these measurements, we accurately determined the mean phonon number in the three motional modes after Doppler cooling, corresponding to an average ion temperature of $0.78(39)\,\mathrm{mK}$, which is close to the Doppler cooling limit. The corresponding second-order Doppler shift was evaluated to be $-(2.71 \pm 1.36) \times 10^{-18}$. The long-term stability of the radial secular motion frequency provides favorable conditions for implementing three-dimensional sideband cooling in future experiments, which will further reduce the second-order Doppler shift. These advancements not only enhance the overall stability of the optical clock but also lay the foundation for reducing its systematic uncertainty to the $10^{-19}$ level.
Characterization of direct Purkinje cell outputs to the brainstem
Authors: Chen Christopher H , Yao Zhiyi , Wu Shuting , Regehr Wade G
Published: February 2025

Purkinje cells (PCs) primarily project to cerebellar nuclei but also directly innervate the brainstem. Some PC-brainstem projections have been described previously, but most have not been thoroughly characterized. Here, we use a PC-specific cre line to anatomically and electrophysiologically characterize PC projections to the brainstem. PC synapses are surprisingly widespread, with the highest densities found in the vestibular and parabrachial nuclei. However, there are pronounced regional differences in synaptic densities within both the vestibular and parabrachial nuclei. Large optogenetically evoked PC-IPSCs are preferentially observed in subregions with the highest densities of putative PC boutons, suggesting that PCs selectively influence these areas and the behaviors they regulate. Unexpectedly, the pontine central gray and nearby subnuclei also contained a low density of putative PC boutons, and large PC-IPSCs are observed in a small fraction of cells. We combined electrophysiological recordings with immunohistochemistry to assess the molecular identities of two potential PC targets: PC synapses onto mesencephalic trigeminal neurons were not observed even though these cells are in close proximity to PC boutons; PC synapses onto locus coeruleus neurons are exceedingly rare or absent, even though previous studies concluded that PCs are a major input to these neurons. The availability of a highly selective cre line for PCs allowed us to study functional synapses, while avoiding complications that can accompany the use of viral approaches. We conclude that PCs directly innervate numerous brainstem nuclei, and in many nuclei they strongly inhibit a small fraction of cells. This suggests that PCs selectively target cell types with specific behavioral roles in the brainstem.
How the layer-dependent ratio of excitatory to inhibitory cells shapes cortical coding in balanced networks
Authors: Alizadeh Arezoo , Englitz Bernhard , Zeldenrust Fleur
Published: February 2025

The cerebral cortex exhibits a sophisticated neural architecture across its six layers. Recently, it was found that these layers exhibit different ratios of excitatory to inhibitory (EI) neurons, ranging from 4 to 9. This ratio is a key factor for achieving the often reported balance of excitation and inhibition, a hallmark of cortical computation. However, neither previous theoretical nor simulation studies have addressed how these differences in EI ratio will affect layer-specific dynamics and computational properties. We investigate this question using a sparsely connected network model of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. To keep the network in a physiological range of firing rates, we varied the inhibitory firing threshold or the synaptic strength between excitatory and inhibitory neurons. We find that decreasing the EI ratio allows the network to explore a higher-dimensional space and enhance its capacity to represent complex input. By comparing the empirical EI ratios of layer 2/3 and layer 4 in the rodent barrel cortex, we predict that layer 2/3 has a higher dimensionality and coding capacity than layer 4. Furthermore, our analysis of primary visual cortex data from the Allen Brain Institute corroborates these modelling results, also demonstrating increased dimensionality and coding capabilities of layer 2/3.
The Spatial Frequency Representation Predicts Category Coding in the Inferior Temporal Cortex
Authors: Toosi Ramin , Karami Behnam , Koushki Roxana , Shakerian Farideh , Noroozi Jalaledin , Rezayat Ehsan , Vahabie Abdol-Hossein , Akhaee Mohammad Ali , Dehaqani Mohammad-Reza A
Published: February 2025

Understanding the neural representation of spatial frequency (SF) in the primate cortex is vital for unraveling visual processing mechanisms in object recognition. While numerous studies concentrate on the representation of SF in the primary visual cortex, the characteristics of SF representation and its interaction with category representation remain inadequately understood. To explore SF representation in the inferior temporal (IT) cortex of macaque monkeys, we conducted extracellular recordings with complex stimuli systematically filtered by SF. Our findings disclose an explicit SF coding at single-neuron and population levels in the IT cortex. Moreover, the coding of SF content exhibits a coarse-to-fine pattern, declining as the SF increases. Temporal dynamics analysis of SF representation reveals that low SF (LSF) is decoded faster than high SF (HSF), and the SF preference dynamically shifts from LSF to HSF over time. Additionally, the SF representation for each neuron forms a profile that predicts category selectivity at the population level. IT neurons can be clustered into four groups based on SF preference, each exhibiting different category coding behaviors. Particularly, HSF-preferred neurons demonstrate the highest category decoding performance for face stimuli. Despite the existing connection between SF and category coding, we have identified uncorrelated representations of SF and category. In contrast to the category coding, SF is more sparse and places greater reliance on the representations of individual neurons. Comparing SF representation in the IT cortex to deep neural networks, we observed no relationship between SF representation and category coding. However, SF coding, as a category-orthogonal property, is evident across various ventral stream models. These results dissociate the separate representations of SF and object category, underscoring the pivotal role of SF in object recognition.
Neuropeptides from a praying mantis: what the loss of pyrokinins and tryptopyrokinins suggests about the endocrine functions of these peptides
Authors: Veenstra Jan A.
Published: February 2025

Background

Neuropeptides play important roles in insects, but in many cases their functions remain obscure. Comparative neuropeptidome analyses may provide clues to what these functions might be. Praying mantises are predators and close relatives of cockroaches that are scavengers. Cockroach neuropeptidomes are well established, but little is known about mantis neuropeptides. The recently published genome assembly of the praying mantis Tenodera sinensis makes it Possible to change that.

Methods

The genome assembly from T. sinensis was analyzed for the presence of genes coding neuropeptides. For comparison, publicly available short read archives from this and other mantis species were also examined for the presence and expression of neuropeptides.

Results

As a rule, the neuropeptidomes of the Mantodea and Blattodea are almost identical; praying mantises and cockroaches use very similar neuropeptides. However, there is one surprising exception. Praying mantises lack the receptors for pyrokinins, including those for the tryptopyrokinins. No typical pyrokinin genes were found, but some species do have a tryptopyrokinin gene, in others this has also been lost and, in one species it is a speudogene. For most praying mantises there is no information where tryptopyrokinin is expressed, but in Deroplatys truncata it is in the thorax and thus not in the suboesophageal ganglion, as in other insects. In the genomic short read archives of two species–out of 52–sequences were found for a tryptopyrokinin specific receptor. The phylogenetic position of those two species implies that the receptor gene was independently lost on multiple occasions. The loss of the tryptopyrokinin gene also happened more than once.

Discussion

The multiple independent losses of the pyrokinin receptors in mantises suggests that these receptors are irrelevant in praying mantises. This is very surprising, since expression of tryptopyrokinin is very strongly conserved in two neuroendocrine cells in the suboeosphageal ganglion. In those species for which this is known, the expression of its receptor is in the salivary gland. As a neuroendocrine, tryptopyrokinin is unlikely to acutely regulate salivation, which in other insects is regulated by well characterized neurons. If the action of tryptopyrokinin were to prime the salivary gland for subsequent salivation, it would make perfect sense for a praying mantis to lose this capacity, as they can not anticipate when they will catch their next prey. Priming the salivary gland days before it is actually needed would be energetically costly. The other pyrokinins are known to facilitate feeding and may in a similar fashion prime muscles needed for moving to the food source and digesting it. This hypothesis provides a good explanation as to why praying mantises do not need pyrokinins, and also what the function of these ubiquitous arthropod neuropeptides may be.
A evolução dos procedimentos de proteção e socorro à fauna no atendimento as emergências ambientais das atividades de exploração e produção de petróleo e gás no Brasil
Authors: Canabarro Paula Lima , Walter Tatiana , Anello Lucia de Fátima Socoowski
Published: February 2025

Acidentes com vazamento de óleo causam uma série de impactos sobre a biota local, e poucos países no mundo têm Planos de Ação de Proteção à Fauna articulados a seus Planos de Contingência. No Brasil, os Procedimentos de Proteção à Fauna estão contemplados nos Planos de Emergência Individual (PEI) aprovados pelo órgão ambiental no âmbito do processo de licenciamento ambiental.  Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar a evolução dos procedimentos de proteção à fauna dentro da estratégia de atendimento às emergências no país. Para tal, realizou-se uma análise de documentos, de PEIs e observação pessoal. Durante muitos anos o Centro de Recuperação de Animais Marinhos (CRAM-FURG) foi a única referência no país para os cuidados com animais oleados. A percepção da limitação desta estratégia por parte do órgão ambiental deu-se a partir de um processo interno do IBAMA, que resultou na exigência de documento comprobatório entre a empresa e a instituição responsável pelos cuidados com a fauna e, posteriormente, com um novo padrão de exigências dos procedimentos de proteção à fauna inseridos no PEI e a constituição de um Plano Nacional de Ação de Emergências para a Fauna Impactada por Óleo – PAE-Fauna. A evolução do processo deu-se pela melhor estruturação do órgão ambiental, pela evolução dos procedimentos de combate a emergência, pelo melhor entendimento entre o setor da indústria de petróleo e gás e o órgão ambiental e devido ao acidente do Golfo do México.
Effect of Nano Urea Liquid Fertilizer Application in Paddy under Different Agroclimatic Zones of Odisha, India
Authors: Behera Rahul Dev , Majhi P. , Dash S. , Mishra P. J. , Sen J. , Phonglosa A. , Das Ipsita , Priyadarshini S. , Barik N. C. , Sahu S. , Biswal S.
Published: February 2025

A field experiment was conducted in the three agroclimatic zones of Odisha located in East & South coastal plain regions (Jagatsinghpur), North Eastern coastal plain regions (Jajpur) & Western central table land regions (Bargarh) of Odisha to study the nano urea effect on transplanted rice by taking three treatments on 100 per cent NPK, 50 per cent N + 100 pec cent PK +Nano urea and 75 per cent N + 100 pec cent PK +Nano urea with seven replications in the RBD design. From the above experiment we conclude that the effect of nano urea increases the plant height at different stages of transplanted rice. The 75 per cent recommended N with 100 per cent PK and two sprays of nano urea @ 0.4 per cent at tillering & PI stages increases plant height at active tillering, panicle initiation, flowering, maturity stages in almost similar with application of 100 per cent NPK at Bargarh, Jagatsinghpur & Jajpur district of Odisha. Similarly the average yield was recorded almost nearer to similar in both the 100 per cent NPK with nano urea + 75 per cent N + 100 per cent PK. The farmer's net revenue per hectare is increased by applying nano urea twice with 75% less urea. This also reduces the 25% urea application, which is good for managing soil health. So, the nano urea application is better and can be recommended to the farmers to minimize the chemical urea application and efficient use of nitrogen to the paddy for better crop growth, development & increasing yield.
A Review of Omni-channel Strategies in E-commerce: Integrating Online and Offline Customer Journeys
Authors: Othman Renjbar Sh. , Zeebaree Subhi R. M.
Published: February 2025

This study explores the evolution and implementation of omnichannel strategies in e-commerce, emphasizing the seamless integration of online and offline channels to enhance customer experience and operational efficiency. Omnichannel strategies in e-commerce integrate online and offline channels to create seamless, personalized customer experiences. This approach addresses evolving consumer behavior, characterized by a preference for convenience, flexibility, and cross-platform shopping. By merging platforms like physical stores, mobile apps, and social media, omnichannel retail enhances operational efficiency, customer loyalty, and revenue generation. The integration, however, poses challenges, including data synchronization, legacy system compatibility, and channel conflicts. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, IoT, and big data play a pivotal role in overcoming these challenges by enabling real-time synchronization, predictive analytics, and personalized marketing. Practical implementations include click-and-collect systems, dynamic pricing, and tailored in-store experiences, while theoretical foundations like the cognitive-affective-conative paradigm support strategies that improve consumer satisfaction. Despite significant advancements, high implementation costs and technological complexities remain barriers, emphasizing the need for cost-effective innovations. Future research should focus on augmented reality, blockchain applications, and cross-cultural studies to broaden the scope and applicability of omnichannel strategies. By addressing these challenges and leveraging advanced technologies, businesses can adapt to dynamic market demands, fostering sustainable growth and enhanced customer experiences.
Suitability Evaluation of Lowland Soils of Dadinkowa for Rice Cultivation in Yamaltu Deba Local Government Area, Gombe State, North Eastern Nigeria
Authors: EPHRAIM R BIWE, , AYODELE OGUNTUNDE GABRIEL
Published: February 2025

The study was carried out to examine the suitability of lowland soils of Dadinkowa Yamaltu Deba Local Government Area of Gombe State, North Eastern Nigeria for rice cultivation. Four profile pits were dug at the crest, middle slope, lower slope and valley bottom positions of the lowland soils. The soils morphological description were done in the field and thereafter samples were taken from each identified diagnostic horizon. Soil samples were analysed for soil pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, calcium, magnesium and cation exchange capacity using standard laboratory procedures. Soil properties were evaluated for all year rice cultivation using the FAO (1976) framework for land evaluation. The results indicate that soils were sandy clay loam and loams in texture. Soil reaction was slightly acidic to neutral (6.73 to 6.97), with low organic carbon (4.20 to 13.20 g/kg), low total nitrogen (0.53 to 0.88 g/kg), low available phosphorus (3.54 to 13.05 mg/kg), low exchangeable calcium and magnesium and a high potassium content. The four locations (pedons) were assessed not suitable (N1) for rice cultivation. The major limiting factors to rice cultivation were the low fertility status of the soil particularly organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable calcium and magnesium. The soils will be productive if farm yard manure and fertilizers containing nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable calcium and magnesium are applied to correct the limitations to rice cultivation.
Innovative Statistical Modelling of Exchange Rates and Agricultural Sector Performance in Nigeria: The Markov-Switching Vector Autoregressive Modelling
Authors: TUANEH Godwin Lebari , DOODEI Week
Published: February 2025

Nigeria has increasingly been interconnected in the global economy. Consequent upon this, understanding the dynamic interdependence between exchange rates fluctuations and the real sector performance in Nigeria is necessary for researchers, economic managers and policymakers. This study on innovative statistical modelling employed the Markov Switching Vector Autoregression (MS-VAR) to explore the dynamic relationship between exchange rates and agricultural performance, capture the nonlinear interactions, regime shift, duration of stay in a regime, and the probability of transition from a regime. Quarterly data on exchange rates and agricultural sector gross domestic product spanning from 2000 to 2024, where sourced from the statistical bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria. The result of the statistical analysis showed that exchange rate and agricultural performance where stationary at the first difference, there was no cointegration, the result identified 2 regimes, and lag selection criteria showed 3 lags while the model selection based on information criteria selected MSI(2)-VAR(3). The result showed varying significant but negative effects of exchange rate on agricultural performance in regime 1 and 2. The result also showed 55.8% probability of staying in regime 1 for 7 months, and an 88.2% probability of staying in regime 2 for 17 months. Both exchange rates and the agricultural sector were self-explained, however the forecast variance indicated that agricultural performance was more exogenous. The study recommended policies that will reduce exchange rates as it showed inverse effects on agricultural performance. Also, regime possibility test should be part of pre-diagnostic tests.
Optimizing Productivity and Nutritional Composition of Boro Rice (BRRI dhan97) through Vermicompost Application
Authors: Asha Umme Husna , Ferdous Tahmina , Ahmed Rashel , Khatun Mahmuda , Haque Mokhshedul , Nuruzzaman Mohammed , Islam Md. Shariful , Rahman Nahian , Sunny Nusrat Jahan , Mia Md. Liton , Hossen Kawsar
Published: February 2025

The present study was conducted at the Field Laboratory of the Department of Agriculture, Noakhali Science and Technology University (NSTU), Noakhali-3814, from December 2022 to May 2023 to investigate the effect of vermicompost on the growth, yield, and nutritional content of boro rice. This field experiment consisted of the BRRI dhan97 and four vermicompost (VC) treatments viz. T0 (Control), T1 (vermicompost 3 t/ha), T2 (vermicompost 4 t/ha), T3 (vermicompost 5.5 t/ha). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). It was found that vermicompost have a significant effect on the number of grains/panicles and nutritional value (moisture %). The highest plant height (136.84cm), grain/panicle (114.04), thousand-grain weight (27.9gm), grain yield (6.32 t/ha), panicle length (27.893cm) were observed for T3 (vermicompost 5.5 t/ha) and these are 1.49 %, 31.98 %, 5.006 %, 24.17%, 0.79 % higher than control. The total number of tiller/hill (15.56), and straw yield (7.74 t/ha) were highest for T2 (vermicompost 4 t/ha) which are 10.59 %, 30.41 % higher than control. Nutritional value (protein) (3.73) was highest for T1 (vermicompost 3 t/ha) which is 26.80 % higher than control. Harvest index (46.51%) and moisture content (4.85 %) was highest for control. Vermicompost treatment (5.5 t/ha) provided 6.32 t/ha grain yield which was the highest compare to other treatments.
The Impact of Family Responsibilities and Agricultural Work Load on Women’s Mental Health: A Case Study of Coastal Region, Ganjam, India
Authors: Minz Alita , Kujur Anup Kumar , Bhoi Doleswar
Published: February 2025

The interplay between family responsibilities and agricultural workloads significantly impacts the mental health of women residing in coastal regions, India. This study focused on women in the Ganjam district, a region heavily reliant on agriculture and prone to the additional challenges posed by climatic vulnerabilities. This research employs both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to explore the psychological strains experienced by women. The qualitative approach included interviews and focus group discussions to capture personal experiences, while the quantitative method involves surveys and statistical analysis to measure the impact of socioeconomic conditions, cultural norms, and climate-induced challenges on mental health. These findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted interventions, including mental health support programs, financial assistance, and community-based initiatives to alleviate stress among women in agricultural communities. Policies should focus on reducing workload burdens, improving access to mental health care, and promoting gender-inclusive agricultural policies.
Nutritional and Bioactive Potentials of Powdered Leaves of Adansonia digitata L., Corchorus olitorius L., and Bark of Triumfetta cordifolia A. Rich.: Effect on GLUT4 Translocation Activity
Authors: Armel Assiéné Agamou Julien , Serge Assiéné Oyong Damase , Esther Ngah
Published: February 2025

The consumption of medicinal plants in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasingly recommended by therapists. The leaves of Adansonia digitata (LAD), Corchorus olitorius (LCO), and the bark of Triumfetta cordifolia (BTC) are parts of the plants commonly consumed as traditional dishes for their nutritional and bioactive potential. However, very few studies have evaluated the effects of the constituents of these plants on GLUT4 translocation. The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional and bioactive composition of the powders from the LAD, LCO, and the BTC, as well as their effects on GLUT4 translocation activity. The LAD, LCO, and the BTC were processed into powders after harvest. Proximate composition, energy value, and mineral content were determined from the obtained powders. Bioactive compounds and their profiles, along with GLUT4 translocation activities, were evaluated from the extracts of the powders. It was found that the powders of A. digitata and C. olitorius had the lowest energy values of 257.75 ± 3.98 and 270.68 ± 1.65 Kcal/100g, respectively, and available sugar contents of 37.72 ± 0.45 and 38.24 ± 0.20 g/100g DM. However, only C. olitorius exhibited the highest total protein content of 21.60 ± 0.10 g/100g DM, with macroelement contents being the highest at 2200.00 ± 4.00; 1957.41 ± 3.89; and 580.00 ± 1.45 mg/100g DM for calcium, potassium, and magnesium, respectively. The powder of T. cordifolia had the highest total flavonoids of 4.90 ± 0.05 µg QE/g DM. Flavonoids such as isoquercetin and quercetin have effects on GLUT4 translocation from the extracts of the powders of A. digitata and C. olitorius of 90.61 and 92.52%Insulin, respectively. These activities are closely dependent on calcium content. The powder of C. olitorius demonstrates the best nutritional and bioactive potential and may be recommended for the management of T2D patients.
The Influence of a History of Anemia during Pregnancy on Stunting Incidents
Authors: Reviani Nia , Tampubolon Christine Handayani
Published: February 2025

Stunting is a form of growth failure (growth faltering) due to the accumulation of insufficient nutrition that lasts for a long time from pregnancy to 24 months of age. Children are classified as stunted if their Z-score is < -2 SD (stunted) and < – 3 SD (severely stunted). Based on data from the Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI), in 2022 Sumedang Regency was known as the highest stunting incidence in West Java Province, which is reported to be above 20% every year. Among 26 sub-districts in Sumedang Regency, Rancakalong District has the highest prevalence. This study aims to describe the incidence of stunting in children under five in the Rancakalong Health Center from August 2022 - February 2023. The design of this study is observational analytic with a retrospective case-control approach. The sample used in this study was 55 toddlers with the total sampling method. The results of the analysis found that 17 children (30.9%) were included in the stunting category and 28 mothers (50.9%) with stunting toddlers had a history of anemia during pregnancy. P value=0.002 (<0.05). This study concludes that there is a significant association between a history of maternal anemia and the incidence of stunting in toddlers.
Anatomy and Facies Analysis of Fluvial Body, Western Flank of Anambra Basin, Southern Nigeria: An Outcrop Study
Authors: Omoniyi Bayonle A. , Imagbe Lucky O.
Published: February 2025

Fluvial sediments have complex body geometry. This paper describes sediment facies and architectural elements of a mud-prone fluvial body and showcases a conceptualised stratigraphic framework that reflects sandstone geometry and dimensions in the rock record, drawing valuable lessons for evaluating reservoir potential in subsurface analogues. Geological attributes collected for this purpose are lithology, sandstone-mudstone ratio, internal geometry and dimensions, grain size and sorting, small-scale sedimentary structures, and bed thickness. We recognised four channel surfaces of different magnitudes in the siliciclastic body. Channel complex comprises multilaterally stacked conglomerate-sandstone units encased in floodplain mud. Single-storey channel consists of vertically stacked lenticular granular-to-pebbly sandstone that is associated with wavy, non-parallel coarse-to-very-coarse sandstone. Channel-fills are composed of cross-bedded hemispheric-shaped medium-to-coarse sandstone, whereas lens consists of planar cross-bedded tabular medium sandstone. Three groups of architectural elements are defined, namely: channel, overbank, and floodplain elements. The geometry of the fluvial body reflects an intricate labyrinth of interconnected sandstone bodies typical of meandering river systems. In the Lower Zone, a compound ribbon of vertically-stacked coarser facies progressively thins from centre to margin and terminates into floodplain mud, creating a huge risk for horizontal sweep. The Middle Zone comprises sheet sandstone bodies with moderate-to-high lateral continuity and potential for better horizontal sweep. Sandstone-mudstone ratio and visual porosity in the Upper Zone are <25% and <10%, respectively indicating poor reservoir potential. Upward-decreasing permeability trends established for this geometry type may cause injected water to flood the high-permeability basal part while bypassing the upper mud-prone interval. Understanding the style of deposition is, therefore, critical to predicting internal barriers for successful management of reservoirs with similar architecture.
Independent Tuning of Intermediate Energetics for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution via Synergistic Defects
Authors: Yuan Ding , Dou Xiaoyi , Zhang Qing , He Chun‐Ting , Wu Chao , Li Yang , Li Weijie , Yu Linping , Zhang Lei , Liu Hua Kun , Dou Shi Xue , Liang Ji , Dou Yuhai
Published: February 2025

Electronic structure engineering via integrating different defects is the key to achieving independent tuning of intermediate energetics for efficient electrocatalyst design. Such a combination of defects is at the forefront of current research. Herein, W is etched from Co(OH)2 to generate Co vacancies, which are then partially filled with La to form Co(OH)2‐CoV‐LaD for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The results show that Co vacancy and La dopant induce more high‐valence Co species under OER conditions and the most active center is a surface Co site that is adjacent to a surface Co vacancy and a subsurface La dopant on different sides, where the optimized electronic structure narrows the gap between Gibbs free energies of OH* (ΔGOH*) and OOH* (ΔGOOH*) and modifies ΔGO* close to the midpoint, leading to high catalytic activity. The integration of synergistic defects offers an effective strategy to generate a range of defect atomic configurations and diverse electronic states, which enable the independent tuning of intermediate energetics, thereby unlocking the catalyst's full catalytic potential.
Pressure‐Controlled Electronic and Structural Phase Transitions in Thermoelectric Snse Revealed by Ultrafast Optical Spectroscopy
Authors: Han Yadong , Yang Yunfan , Du Rongxiao , Liu Lei , Fu Juntao , Yu Junhong , Zhang Hang , Hu Jianbo
Published: February 2025

High‐pressure engineering presents a promising avenue to enhance the thermoelectric property of SnSe, but the behaviors of electronic/lattice systems under pressure, as well as their connections to the thermoelectric performance, remain poorly understood. This study employs in situ high‐pressure ultrafast optical pump‐probe spectroscopy to investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of both Fermi and bosonic particles in SnSe. These results reveal an electronic structure phase transition (EPT) occurring in the low‐pressure region, alongside a structural phase transition (SPT) at higher pressures. Notably, at 4 GPa, anomalous behaviors of inter‐valley and intra‐valley scattering processes are observed, which band structure calculations attribute to a pressure‐induced abrupt change in electronic structure, identified as a Lifshitz transition. At 7 GPa, the evolution of electron‐phonon scattering lifetime and phonon frequency indicates a structural phase transition from Pnma to Bbmm. These insights into nonequilibrium behaviors of SnSe under high pressure provide a foundational understanding for further optimizing its thermoelectric efficiency.
Single‐Atom W Anchored Hexagonal Boron Nitride Piezoelectric Nanosonosensitizer Remodels Tumor Microenvironment for Enhanced Sonodynamic Therapy
Authors: Deng Hairui , Li Xianan , Pan Lingfeng , Tang Mengcheng , Song Pengyuan , Long Binghua , Sun Xu , Li Yao , Zhang Han , Wang Shibo , Wang Zhaojie , Kong Xiangdong
Published: February 2025

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a non‐invasive, non‐toxic technique that shows strong potential for tumor treatment: however, its application is limited by a lack of efficient sonosensitizers, insufficient oxygen supply, and high levels of glutathione (GSH) in tumors. In this study, a nanosonosensitizer, single‐atom W anchored hexagonal boron nitride@ferrihydrite@trisulfide bond‐modified carboxymethyl chitosan (W‐BN@Fht@TSCM) nanocomplex, is developed that exhibits an efficient sonosensitizing effect and tumor microenvironment remodeling ability, thereby enhancing SDT. W‐BN is prepared by anchoring monatomic W onto the surface of hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) nanosheets, which exhibit a superior piezoelectric response to that of h‐BN owing to the breaking of lattice symmetry. This excellent piezoelectric response facilitates the production of more reactive oxygen species under ultrasound conditions. Moreover, H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment is decomposed to O2 by Fht nanoparticles, which serve as catalase‐like nanoenzymes, thereby alleviating hypoxia and providing sufficient substrates. Additionally, TSCM, which provides three unique redox sites and exhibits a high redox potential, rapidly and efficiently consumes GSH, weakens the antioxidant defense mechanism of tumor cells and enhances the efficacy of SDT. Improving the piezoelectric response of the material while remodeling the tumor microenvironment demonstrates strong therapeutic effects and provides a reference for the design of SDT nanosystems.
Naphthalimide‐Conjugated Spiropyran: Dual‐State Emission and Photo‐Responsive Dynamic Fluorescence Color for Information Encryption Application
Authors: Hu Xiaofang , Fang Bing , Li Pengyu , Wang Junxiao , Li Jie , Dai Yuhua , Yin Meizhen
Published: February 2025

Developing photo‐switch molecules that show fluorescence in both monomeric and aggregated states, with light‐controllable fluorescence wavelength is far‐reaching and a great challenge. Spiropyran (SP) has received considerable attention in this field. Herein, by conjugating naphthalimide to the indole moiety of SP, a new spiropyran derivative, named NMI‐SP is obtained. NMI‐SP shows dual‐state emission with excellent fluorescence in both its monomeric and aggregated states, attributed to the intramolecular charge transfer character. Moreover, NMI‐SP demonstrates obvious photochromic behavior, accompanied by the visible color change from yellow to green in THF solution, and photo‐responsive fluorescence color change from orange to red in the aggregated state. This work provides new insights into the design of photo‐responsive materials based on SP fluorophore and highlights their potential applications in digital coding and information conversion.
Graded Hydroxyapatite Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Structures for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Koushik Tejas M. , Miller Catherine M. , Antunes Elsa
Published: February 2025

Porous scaffolds in bone tissue engineering (BTE) play a crucial role in facilitating osteointegration with host tissues and providing nutrients to cells involved in bone healing. Scaffold architecture influences osteointegration, biofunctionality and mechanical strength, necessitating a clear understanding of its impact. In this study, hydroxyapatite scaffolds are 3D printed with three types of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures: gyroid, lidinoid, and split‐P, at porosities ranging from 50% to 80%. Split‐P architecture exhibits the highest compression strength, between 15 and 25 MPa, but provides the least surface area for bone apatite precipitation. Conversely, gyroid and lidinoid structures demonstrate the highest levels of bone apatite precipitation across all porosities when immersed in simulated body fluid. To optimise scaffold design, graded structures were designed with multiple TPMS structures arranged in a core‐shell configuration. A structure featuring a solid core and a 70% gyroid shell achieves the highest compression strength of 120 MPa, while also supporting cell attachment and differentiation comparable to that of a fully porous structure. This combination of compression strength similar to cancellous bone and ability for positive interaction with osteoblast cells makes it an ideal candidate for load‐bearing applications in BTE.
Pincer‐Type Pt(II)‐NHC Antibody‐Drug Conjugate for HER‐2‐Targeted Chemoimmunotherapy
Authors: Huang Tao , Huang Wan‐Qiong , Huang Gui‐Feng , Wei Xiao‐Long , Huang Yong‐Liang , Liu Tao , Liu Yungen , Ni Wen‐Xiu , Che Chi‐Ming
Published: February 2025

Platinum‐based chemotherapy drugs play an indispensable role in clinical cancer treatment, but exhibit considerable side effects due to their non‐specific mechanism of killing cancer cells and normal cells. In this regard, the use of antibodies conjugated to anti‐cancer platinum complexes will enable better differentiation of cancer cells from normal cells. Here, six pincer‐platinum(II) NHC (N‐heterocyclic carbene) complexes are reported, one of which has an amino group on the N‐alkyl group of the NHC ligand. This platinum(II) complex is used as the payload for platinum(II)‐based antibody‐drug conjugate (ADC) targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER‐2). Notably, this ADC can specifically bind to the HER‐2 antigen, distinguish target cells from non‐target cells, and exhibit good anti‐tumor activity in vitro and in vivo.
Hypoxia‐Activated Liposomes Enable Synergistic Photodynamic Therapy for Oral Cancer
Authors: Chen Jiaxuan , Xu Xiaodi , Wang Kexuan , Xue Mingxia , Wang Qing , Zhong Weixiang , Wan Yan , Liu Xiaoyang , Zheng Junnian , Gao Ge , Wang Gang
Published: February 2025

Oral cancer is a significant public health problem, which is one of the most common malignancy with high mortality in the world. Apart from surgery, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is perceived as another capable method for the treatment of oral cancer. However, limited oxygen content of tumor microenvironment decreased the efficiency of current PDT. Hence, a complementary tumor‐killing system is developed to overcome PDT‐induced oxygen depletion by introducing hypoxia‐activated chemotherapy drugs into tumor‐targeting liposomes. First, liposomes derived from red blood cell (RBC) membrane are decorated with tumor‐targeting formic acid (FA) and designed to carrying photosensitizer TPP and the hypoxia‐activated drug TPZ (TPZ/TPP@RBC‐FA). Laser irradiation on tumor initiated the discharge of chemotherapeutic drugs (TPZ) from TPZ/TPP@RBC‐FA liposomes by increasing the reactive oxygen species, causing the aggravated intratumoral hypoxia and the further generation of the toxic TPZ radicals. The combination of hypoxia‐activated chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy will not only induced efficient cell apoptosis but also caused immunogenic cell death and immunocyte activation. The strategy of loading drugs into liposomes also demonstrated acceptable biosafety. It is believed that the strategy of combining of photodynamic therapy and hypoxia‐activated chemotherapy with liposomes can be implemented for the oral cancer treatment in the near future.