bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coffee Farming and Soil Management in Rwanda
Authors: Nzeyimana Innocent , Hartemink Alfred E. , de Graaff Jan
Published: March 2013

Agriculture is the cornerstone of Rwanda's economy. The authors review how the sector has changed and specifically what soil management practices are now being implemented to enhance coffee production. Coffee covers around 2.3% of total cultivated arable land, and is grown mainly by smallholder farmers on plots of less than one hectare. Rwanda produces high-quality speciality or fully washed coffee, which is intercropped with annual crops due to land scarcity to enable farmers to achieve a better combination of food and cash crops. Most of the agricultural soils have a pH of < 5.2 and are highly deficient in phosphorus. Reduced land fragmentation, increased organic and inorganic fertilizer applications and mulching are all needed to boost yields. These practices will also help to improve the soils' chemical and physical properties and control erosion on the steep cultivated slopes.
Using Theme and Domain Networking Approaches to Understand Complex Agri-Industrial Systems
Authors: Bezuidenhout Carel Nicolaas , Kadwa Muhammad , Sibomana Milindi S.
Published: March 2013

Complex systems involve a number of interconnected entities, which collectively exhibit emergence and behaviour that cannot be explained by merely studying the individual entities. Agri-industrial systems, such as sugarcane production, are generally complex due to the presence of many autonomous stakeholders operating under diverse conditions, and may therefore contain varying perspectives and interests. The identification of problems and opportunities in such systems requires an approach that will, as far as possible, consider the entire system and how individual entities interact. Network analyses have the capacity to describe a complex system, depicting these interactions. In addition, graph theory approaches can help to identify key points in the system where there are opportunities for improvement. This paper presents a methodology to assist researchers to make sense of complex matters in an agri-industrial context. In the South African sugar industry, it can be argued that systemic inefficiencies in the supply chain reduce optimum performance. Research conducted in two large milling areas is used to develop and demonstrate the use of network approaches to analyse supply chains and identify opportunities for improvement. The research developed two types of map: system domain networks and theme networks, which are found to be appropriate for drawing a first set of conclusions concerning a relatively unfamiliar complex system. Although the paper focuses on sugarcane, there is significant scope to apply these techniques across a broader spectrum of agri-industrial sectors.
International Consensus for Provisions of Quality‐Driven Care in Childhood‐Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Hollander Matthew C. , Sage Jessica M. , Greenler Alexandria J. , Pendl Joshua , Avcin Tadej , Espada Graciela , Beresford Michael W. , Henrickson Michael , Lee Tsz‐Leung , Punaro Marilynn , Huggins Jennifer , Stevens Anne M. , Klein‐Gitelman Marisa S. , Brunner Hermine I.
Published: March 2013

Objective

To obtain international consensus around processes that support the delivery of high‐quality care to patients with childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) based on current recommendations and scientific evidence.

Methods

To identify process quality indicators (QIs) for the medical care of children and adolescents with childhood‐onset SLE, we sent 2 Delphi questionnaires internationally to 340 physicians who treat these patients. We set consensus at 80% of completed responses.

Results

Two hundred ninety‐seven physicians (87%) responded to the first Delphi questionnaire and 265 physicians (76%) responded to the second questionnaire. The group achieved consensus for 26 QIs addressing laboratory testing at diagnosis, health maintenance measures, diagnosis and therapy of lupus nephritis, general preventive strategies, surveillance for medication safety, counseling and evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors, as well as transition planning. Of the 26 process QIs for use in childhood‐onset SLE, 11 matched those established for adults with SLE, 9 required modification, and consensus was reached for an additional 6 QIs specific to children.

Conclusion

An international consensus for a set of process QIs for childhood‐onset SLE was reached that considers unique aspects of children with childhood‐onset SLE. The presented set of QIs for children and adolescents with childhood‐onset SLE defines agreed‐upon standards of medical care.
Cathodoluminescence Modulation of ZnS Nanostructures by Morphology, Doping, and Temperature
Authors: Liu Hui , Hu Linfeng , Watanabe Kentaro , Hu Xinhua , Dierre Benjamin , Kim Bongsoo , Sekiguchi Takashi , Fang Xiaosheng
Published: March 2013

Spatially and spectrally resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) is one of the most effective methods to explore the optical properties of a nanomaterials and reveals the spatial distribution as well as the correlation between the luminescence and the sample morphology and microstructure. Here, CL modulation of ZnS nanostructures by controlled morphologies, Fe/Mn doping, and measurement temperature is demonstrated. High quality ZnS nanobelts and nanorods are synthesized on an Au‐coated Si substrate and an Au‐coated GaAs substrate via a facile thermal evaporation route. A room‐temperature sharp ultraviolet (UV) lasing‐like peak in various ZnS is achieved. The main UV luminescence peaks appear at wavelengths between 330 and 338 nm. The low temperature (32 K) CL spectrum consists of a narrow and strong UV peak centered at 330 nm and two broad, low‐intensity peaks in the visible region (514 and 610 nm). Temperature‐dependent CL from such single‐crystalline ZnS nanobelts in the temperature range of 32 to 296 K reveals two UV peaks at 3.757 and 3.646 eV. The effects of Fe doping and Fe/Mn co‐doping on the CL property of ZnS nanobelts are further investigated. These results imply that ZnS nanostructures can be used for potential luminescent materials as well as short‐wavelength nanolaser light sources.
Nanoscale Probing of Voltage Activated Oxygen Reduction/Evolution Reactions in Nanopatterned (LaxSr1‐x)CoO3‐δ Cathodes
Authors: Leonard Donovan N. , Kumar Amit , Jesse Stephen , Biegalski Michael D. , Christen Hans M. , Mutoro Eva , Crumlin Ethan J. , Shao‐Horn Yang , Kalinin Sergei V. , Borisevich Albina Y.
Published: March 2013

Bias‐dependent mechanisms of reversible and irreversible electrochemical processes on a (La0.5Sr0.5)2CoO4±δ modified (LaxSr1‐x)CoO3‐ surface are studied using dynamic electrochemical strain microscopy (D‐ESM). The reversible oxygen reduction/evolution process is activated at voltages as low as 3–4 V and the degree of transformation increases linearly with applied bias. The irreversible processes associated with static surface deformation become apparent above 10–12 V. Post‐mortem focused‐ion milling combined with atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy is used to establish the mechanisms of irreversible transformations and attribute it to amorphization of the top layer of material. These studies both establish the framework for probing irreversible electrochemical processes in solids and illustrate rich spectrum of electrochemical transformations underpinning electrocatalytic activity in cobaltites.
Synthesis and properties of poly(imide siloxane) block copolymers with different block lengths
Authors: Pei Xueliang , Chen Guofei , Fang Xingzhong
Published: March 2013

Several poly(imide siloxane) block copolymers with the same bis(γ‐aminopropyl)polydimethylsiloxane (APPS) content were prepared. The polyimide hard block was composed of 4,4′‐oxydianiline and 3,3′,4,4′‐diphenylthioether dianhydride (TDPA), and the polysiloxane soft block was composed of APPS and TDPA. The length of polysiloxane soft block increased simultaneously with increasing the length of polyimide hard block. For better understanding the structure–property relations, the corresponding randomly segmented poly(imide siloxane) copolymer was also prepared. These copolymers were characterized by FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, polarized optical microscope, rheology and tensile test. Two glass transition temperatures (Tg) were found in the randomly segmented copolymer, while three Tgs were found in the block copolymers. In addition, the Tgs, storage modulus, tensile modulus, solubility, elastic recovery, surface morphology and complex viscosity of the copolymers varied regularly with increasing the lengths of both blocks. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Hyperbranched poly(citric acid) and its application as anticancer drug delivery system
Authors: Adeli Mohsen , Rasoulian Bahram , Saadatmehr Farzaneh , Zabihi Fatemeh
Published: March 2013

As citric acid decomposes in its melting point, polycondensation of this monomer to prepare its polymers and copolymers is not possible. This study describes a feasible way to synthesize hyperbranched polyesters consisting of citric acid and glycerol monomers. In the first strategy, different ratios of citric acid and glycerol as AB3 and A3 monomers were mixed and heated step by step to avoid decomposition of citric acid. The produced water, as byproduct of polycondensation, was removed from the mixture by vacuum pump. Synthesized hyperbranched copolymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic light scattering. Ability of the synthesized hyperbranched polyesters to load and transfer cisplatin as an anticancer drug was investigated and it was found that their loading capacity is high and the prepared drug delivery systems are stable in saline buffer for several months. The toxicity of anticancer drug delivery systems against C26 cancer cell line was evaluated. Cisplatin loaded in polyesters showed lower IC50 value than the free cisplatin, confirming the efficacy of the synthesized citric acid–glycerol hyperbranched polyesters as biocompatible cargos to transport anticancer drugs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Effect of salen‐metal complexes on thermosensitive reversibility of stimuli‐responsive water‐soluble poly(urethane amine)s
Authors: Li Gefei , Liu Yingliang , Zhang Ke , Shi Jun , Wan Xing , Cao Shaokui
Published: March 2013

The double stimuli responsive water‐soluble poly(urethane amine)s are prepared under supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) with renewable resources—carbon dioxide and natural α‐amino acids—as the starting materials. The urethane content, which will decide on the thermosensitive behavior of poly(urethane amine)s, is regulated not only by the substituent on aziridine derivatives but also by the coordinated metallic ion of Salen‐metal complexes as a catalyst. Interestingly, the thermosensitive reversibility is also changed through the application of Salen‐metal complexes in the copolymerization reaction of CO2 with aziridine derivatives. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Brief Report: Incidence of Selected Opportunistic Infections Among Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Beukelman Timothy , Xie Fenglong , Baddley John W. , Chen Lang , Delzell Elizabeth , Grijalva Carlos G. , Mannion Melissa L. , Patkar Nivedita M. , Saag Kenneth G. , Winthrop Kevin L. , Curtis Jeffrey R. ,   on behalf of the SABER Collaboration
Published: March 2013

Objective

To compare incidence rates of selected opportunistic infections among children with and children without juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods

Using US national Medicaid administrative claims data from 2000 through 2005, we identified a cohort of children with JIA based on physician diagnosis codes and dispensed medications. We also identified a non‐JIA comparator cohort of children diagnosed as having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We defined 15 types of opportunistic infection using physician diagnosis or hospital discharge codes; criteria for 7 of these types also included evidence of treatment with specific antimicrobial agents. We calculated infection incidence rates. The rates in the ADHD comparator cohort were standardized to the age, sex, and race distribution of the JIA cohort. We calculated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to compare infection rates.

Results

The JIA cohort included 8,503 children with 13,990 person‐years of followup. The ADHD comparator cohort included 360,362 children with 477,050 person‐years of followup. When all opportunistic infections were considered together as a single outcome, there were 42 infections in the JIA cohort (incidence rate 300 per 100,000 person‐years; IRR 2.4 [95% CI 1.7–3.3] versus ADHD). The most common opportunistic infections among children with JIA were 3 cases of Coccidioides (incidence rate 21 per 100,000 person‐years; IRR 101 [95% CI 8.1–5,319] versus ADHD), 5 cases of Salmonella (incidence rate 35 per 100,000 person‐years; IRR 3.8 [95% CI 1.2–9.5]), and 32 cases of herpes zoster (incidence rate 225 per 100,000 person‐years; IRR 2.1 [95% CI 1.4–3.0]).

Conclusion

Opportunistic infections are rare among children with JIA. Nevertheless, children with JIA had a higher rate of opportunistic infections, including an increased rate of Coccidioides, Salmonella, and herpes zoster compared to children with ADHD.
Activation of Hydrogen Peroxide by Ionic Liquids: Mechanistic Studies and Application in the Epoxidation of Olefins
Authors: Markovits Iulius I. E. , Eger Wilhelm A. , Yue Shuang , Cokoja Mirza , Münchmeyer Christian J. , Zhang Bo , Zhou Ming‐Dong , Genest Alexander , Mink János , Zang Shu‐Liang , Rösch Notker , Kühn Fritz E.
Published: March 2013

Imidazolium‐based ionic liquids that contain perrhenate anions are very efficient reaction media for the epoxidation of olefins with H2O2 as an oxidant, thus affording cyclooctene in almost quantitative yields. The mechanism of this reaction does not follow the usual pathway through peroxo complexes, as is the case with long‐known molecular transition‐metal catalysts. By using in situ Raman, FTIR, and NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, we have shown that the formation of hydrogen bonds between the oxidant and perrhenate activates the oxidant, thereby leading to the transfer of an oxygen atom onto the olefin demonstrating the special features of an ionic liquid as a reaction environment. The influence of the imidazolium cation and the oxidant (aqueous H2O2, urea hydrogen peroxide, and tert‐butyl hydrogen peroxide) on the efficiency of the epoxidation of cis‐cyclooctene were examined. Other olefinic substrates were also used in this study and they exhibited good yields of the corresponding epoxides. This report shows the potential of using simple complexes or salts for the activation of hydrogen peroxide, owing to the interactions between the solvent medium and the active complex.
A Facile Method to Determine the Absolute Structure of Achiral Molecules: Supramolecular‐Tilt Structures
Authors: Tejedor Rosa María , Uriel Santiago , Graus Sara , Sierra Teresa , Serrano José Luis , Claramunt Rosa M. , López Concepción , Pérez‐Torralba Marta , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José
Published: March 2013

Achiral compounds 4‐methoxy‐4‐(p‐methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanoneethylene ketal (2), 4‐hydroxy‐4‐(p‐methoxy phenyl)cyclohexanoneethylene ketal (3), and 3,5‐dimethyl‐4‐nitropyrazole (4) crystallized in chiral structures and the samples showed an enantiomeric excess. We have determined the absolute structures of these compounds by using X‐ray diffraction with copper radiation at low temperatures. Moreover, we have also established the prevalent absolute structures in these samples, by comparing their calculated and solid‐state vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra. The consistency of this method was confirmed by using (R,R)‐2,8‐diiodo‐4,10‐dimethyl‐6 H,12H‐5,11‐methano‐dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine, Tröger′s base, (R,R)‐1, as a chiral compound of known absolute configuration.
UV‐Light‐Induced Hydrogen Transfer in Guanosine–Guanosine Aggregates
Authors: Hunger Katharina , Buschhaus Laura , Biemann Lars , Braun Michaela , Kovalenko Sergey , Improta Roberto , Kleinermanns Karl
Published: March 2013

Aggregates of a lipophilic guanine (G) derivative have been studied in n‐hexane by femtosecond‐to‐microsecond UV‐visible broadband transient absorption, stationary infrared and UV‐visible spectroscopy and by quantum chemical calculations. We report the first time‐resolved spectroscopic detection of hydrogen transfer in GG aggregates, which leads to (G−H). radicals by means of G+G− charge transfer followed by proton transfer. These radicals show a characteristic electronic spectrum in the range 300–550 nm. The calculated superimposed spectrum of the species that result from NH⋅⋅⋅N proton transfer agrees best with the experimental spectrum.
ChemInform Abstract: MgCuAl2‐Type Intermetallics REPdCd2 (RE: Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm).
Authors: Johnscher Michael , Peottgen Rainer
Published: March 2013

The title compounds are prepared by high‐frequency melting of the elements in Nb ampules followed by annealing at 900 K for 2 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrochlore to Fluorite Transition: The Y2(Ti1‐xZrx)2O7 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) System.
Authors: Norberg Stefan T. , Hull Stephen , Eriksson Sten G. , Ahmed Istaq , Kinyanjui Francis , Biendicho Jordi Jacas
Published: March 2013

The title system is characterized by neutron powder diffraction.
ChemInform Abstract: Hexagonally Ordered KLaF4 Host: Phase‐Controlled Synthesis and Luminescence Studies.
Authors: Ahmad Shahzad , Prakash G. Vijaya , Nagarajan R.
Published: March 2013

The title compound is synthesized by reaction of KF and La(acac)3 in MeOH at 65°C and by reaction of KF and La(O‐iPr)3 in a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and methanol at 65 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: CsHgInS3: A New Quaternary Semiconductor for γ‐Ray Detection.
Authors: Li Hao , Malliakas Christos D. , Liu Zhifu , Peters John A. , Jin Hosub , Morris Collin D. , Zhao Lidong , Wessels Bruce W. , Freeman Arthur J. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: March 2013

The new layered title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of In, HgS, Cs2S, and sulfur (silica tube, 600 °C for 24 h, 800 °C for 8 h; 70% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis and Structure of New Transition Metal Lithium Calcium Nitride Compounds.
Authors: Hunting Janet L. , Szymanski Marta M. , Lowalsick Amanda L. , Downie Craig M. , DiSalvo Francis J.
Published: March 2013

The the new nitrides (IV), (V), and (VII) are synthesized in a reactive lithium nitride flux.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Synthesis and Characterization of the Alkali Metal Borate HP‐RbB3O5.
Authors: Sohr Gerhard , Neumair Stephanie C. , Huppertz Hubert
Published: March 2013

The title high‐pressure phase is synthesized in a Walker‐type multianvil apparatus (1000 °C, 6 GPa, 10 min).
ChemInform Abstract: A Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Alkynes with 1,3‐Diketones.
Authors: Pennington‐Boggio Megan K. , Conley Brian L. , Williams Travis J.
Published: March 2013

Ene‐type coupling reactions of alkynes with 1,3‐diketones proceed at mild temperatures under air and in the presence of water.
ChemInform Abstract: Switchable Palladium‐Catalyst Reaction of Bromomethyl Sulfoxides, CO, and N‐Nucleophiles: Aminocarbonylation at Csp3 versus Oxidative Carbonylation of Amines.
Authors: Mollar Cristian , Ramirez de Arellano Carmen , Medio‐Simon Mercedes , Asensio Gregorio
Published: March 2013

Pd2(dba)3/ Xantphos‐catalyzed coupling of the sulfoxides (I) and (V) with amines and carbon monoxide allows a new and efficient access to amides of type (IV) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: An Iterative Method for the Synthesis of Symmetric Polyynes.
Authors: DeCicco Racquel C. , Black Allison , Li Lei , Goroff Nancy S.
Published: March 2013

Polyynes containing 4‐7 CC bonds are prepared by Stille coupling of diiodopolyynes with alkynyltin reagents to give the corresponding dialkynylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: Vinyl Azides Derived from Allenes: Thermolysis Leading to Multisubstituted 1,4‐Pyrazines and Mn(III)‐Catalyzed Photochemical Reaction Leading to Pyrroles.
Authors: Sajna K. V. , Swamy K. C. Kumara
Published: March 2013

Treatment of the allenes (I) an (XII) with TmsN3 leads to vinyl azides like (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Arylation of Alkenyl Aziridines via Three‐Component Coupling Reaction Involving Alkynes and Benzyne.
Authors: Berti Francesco , Crotti Paolo , Cassano Giulio , Pineschi Mauro
Published: March 2013

Benzyne, generated in situ, reacts with alkenyl aziridines and alkynes to provide allylic amines with good regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylation of Rhodium(II) Azavinyl Carbenes with Boronic Acids.
Authors: Selander Nicklas , Worrell Brady T. , Chuprakov Stepan , Velaparthi Subash , Fokin Valery V.
Published: March 2013

A stereoselective arylation of triazole substrates with concomitant loss of N2 is developed to yield 2,2‐diaryl enamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Direct C—H Amination of Benzamides with Aryl Azides. A Synthetic Route to Diarylamines.
Authors: Ryu Jaeyune , Shin Kwangmin , Park Sae Hume , Kim Ji Young , Chang Sukbok
Published: March 2013

Applied to N‐alkylated benzamides, the method yields 2‐arylaminosubstituted N‐alkylbenzamide derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen Bonding Directed Intermolecular Cope‐Type Hydroamination of Alkenes.
Authors: Zhao Shu‐Bin , Bilodeau Eric , Lemieux Valerie , Beauchemin Andre M.
Published: March 2013

The reaction of unactivated alkenes proceeds under mild conditions with a high Markovnikov selectivity and a series of vicinal diamine units is available.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Prolinamide—Ureas as Organocatalysts for the Asymmetric Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Revelou Panagiota , Kokotos Christoforos G. , Moutevelis‐Minakakis Panagiota
Published: March 2013

The novel ligand PRA efficiently catalyzes the reaction of cyclic ketones with aromatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(O‐Tf)2‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Derivatives with 2‐Oxo‐1‐pyrrolidine Compounds.
Authors: Xu Hai‐Yan , Wang Shun‐Yi , Jiang Ran , Xu Xiao‐Ping , Chu Xue‐Qiang , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: March 2013

Optimized conditions are developed for the cross‐coupling with symmetrical and unsymmetrical 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Trifluoromethylation of α‐Diazo Esters with TMSCF3: The Important Role of Water as a Promoter.
Authors: Hu Mingyou , Ni Chuanfa , Hu Jinbo
Published: March 2013

CuCF3 is generated in solution and directly applied in the process where water is found be an efficient activating agent for the trifluoromethylation step.
ChemInform Abstract: A Conjunctive Carboiodination: Indenes by a Double Carbopalladation—Reductive Elimination Domino Process.
Authors: Jia Xiaodong , Petrone David A. , Lautens Mark
Published: March 2013

The method renders possible the preparation of various indene derivatives in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Pentasubstituted Pyrroles via One‐Pot Reactions of Arylamines, Acetylenedicarboxylates, and 3‐Phenacylideneoxindoles.
Authors: Han Ying , Sun Yan , Sun Jing , Yan Chao‐Guo
Published: March 2013

The approach to substituted pyrroles (IV) involves sequential addition of arylamines to acetylenedicarboxylate (II), Michael addition of the resulting β‐enamino ester to substrates (I) followed by intramolecular nucleophilic addition and dehydration.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzimidazoles and Quinazolinones from Common Precursors.
Authors: Sadig Jessie E. R. , Foster Radleigh , Wakenhut Florian , Willis Michael C.
Published: March 2013

Both pathways, which produce the desired N‐heterocyclic skeletons, tolerate a broad spectrum of functionalities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of α‐Aminophosphonates Containing Thiazole[5,4‐b]pyridine Moiety.
Authors: Gu Lijun , Jin Cheng
Published: March 2013

Title compounds (IVb) and (IVc) show the most efficient antitumor activities of the prepared compounds in the standard MTT assay.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Triggered Selective Zincation of Chromones, Quinolones, and Thiochromones: Application to the Preparation of Natural Flavones and Isoflavones.
Authors: Klier Lydia , Bresser Tomke , Nigst Tobias A. , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Knochel Paul
Published: March 2013

Regioselective metallations of chromone (I), N‐methylquinolone (X), and thiochromone (XVI) are developed and investigated with a broad spectrum of subsequent metal‐catalyzed couplings.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 8‐Aryl‐Substituted Benzo[a]phenanthridine Derivatives by Consecutive Three‐Component Tandem Reaction and 6‐endo Carbocyclization.
Authors: Mandadapu Anil K. , Dathi Meena D. , Arigela Rajesh K. , Kundu Bijoy
Published: March 2013

The ICl‐promoted reaction of quinolines (I) introduces a 7‐iodo substituent into the benzo[a]phenanthridine skeleton and allows further functionalization by Pd‐catalyzed coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective [3 + 2] Annulation of Internal Alkynes and Iodopyranoquinolines with Concomitant Ring Opening.
Authors: Aggarwal Trapti , Jha Rajeev R. , Tiwari Rakesh K. , Kumar Sonu , Kotla Siva K. Reddy , Kumar Sushil , Verma Akhilesh K.
Published: March 2013

Unsymmetrical internal alkynes such as (X) or (XII) generate selectively a single isomers [cf.(XI) or (XIII)].
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthesis of Spiro[indoline‐isoxazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine]triones in Water.
Authors: Rahmati Abbas , Khalesi Zahra
Published: March 2013

A simple procedure is developed which allows the access to various biologically interesting heterocyclic systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Halocyclization Using Reagents Tailored for Chiral Anion Phase‐Transfer Catalysis.
Authors: Wang Yi‐Ming , Wu Jeffrey , Hoong Christina , Rauniyar Vivek , Toste F. Dean
Published: March 2013

Brominated benzoxazines are obtained in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities using the new brominating agent (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of 1‐(1‐Alkynyl)cyclopropyl Oximes with Nitrones: A Modular Entry to Highly Substituted Pyrrolo[3,4‐d][1,2]oxazepines.
Authors: Zhang Yanqing , Zhang Junliang
Published: March 2013

The reaction proceeds with excellent diastereoselectivity and is effective only starting from the (E)‐substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Pseudoglycosides Catalyzed by TeCl4 under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Freitas Juliano C. R. , Couto Tulio R. , Paulino Antonio A. S. , de Freitas Filho Joao R. , Malvestiti Ivani , Oliveira Roberta A. , Menezes Paulo H.
Published: March 2013

In the presence of TeCl4, the O‐glycosylation of glycal (I) proceeds with excellent α‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic and Magnetoelectric Properties of Rare Earth Molybdates
Authors: Ponomarev B. K. , Zhukov A.
Published: March 2013

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystallinity of Inorganic Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition: Overview and General Trends
Authors: Miikkulainen Ville , Leskela Markku , Ritala Mikko , Puurunen Riikka L.
Published: March 2013

Review: 2454 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Materials in the Presence of Hydrogen Peroxide: From Discrete or “Zero‐Dimensional” Objects to Bulk Materials
Authors: Piquemal Jean‐Yves , Briot Emmanuel , Bregeault Jean‐Marie
Published: March 2013

Review: 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Conjugate Addition of Enantiomerically Pure Lithium Amides as Chiral Ammonia Equivalents. Part 2. 2005—2011
Authors: Davies Stephen G. , Fletcher Ai M. , Roberts Paul M. , Thomson James E.
Published: March 2013

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypervalent Derivatives of Selenium and Tellurium
Authors: Drabowicz Jozef , Kielbasiniski Piotr , Zajac Adrian
Published: March 2013

Review: 208 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Binding Anions in Rigid and Reconfigurable Triazole Receptors
Authors: Lee Semin , Flood Amar H.
Published: March 2013

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Interactions Between Furans and Drug Metabolic Enzymes
Authors: Zhan Ying , Wang Xin , Shao Hua
Published: March 2013

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Nanotube‐Based Materials for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Liu Jilei , Lai Linfei , Sahoo Nanda Gopal , Zhou Weijiang , Shen Zexiang , Chan Siew Hwa
Published: March 2013

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Modeling of Biomass Processing
Authors: Guo Na , Caratzoulas Stavros , Doren Douglas J. , Sandler Stanley I. , Vlachos Dionisios G.
Published: March 2013

Review: 72 refs.
When directional selection reduces geographic variation in traits mediating species interactions
Authors: Benkman C. W. , Parchman T. L.
Published: March 2013

Although we often focus on the causes of geographic variation, understanding processes that act to reduce geographic variation is also important. Here, we consider a process whereby adaptive foraging across the landscape and directional selection exerted by a conifer seed predator, the common crossbill (Loxia curvirostra), potentially act to homogenize geographic variation in the defensive traits of its prey. We measured seed predation and phenotypic selection exerted by crossbills on black pine (Pinus nigra) at two sites in the Pindos Mountains, Greece. Seed predation by crossbills was over an order of magnitude higher at the site where cone scale thickness was significantly thinner, which was also the cone trait that was the target of selection at the high predation site. Additional comparisons of selection differentials demonstrate that crossbills exert selection on black pine that is consistent in form across space and time, and increases in strength with increasing seed predation. If predators distribute themselves in relation to the defensive traits of their prey and the strength of selection predators exert is proportional to the amount of predation, then predators may act to homogenize trait variation among populations of their prey in a process analogous to coevolutionary alternation with escalation.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Polyhydroxycycloheptanes and Their Phosphate Derivatives from 8‐Oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octenes
Authors: Khlevin Dmitry A. , Sosonyuk Sergey E. , Proskurnina Marina V. , Zefirov Nikolay S.
Published: March 2013

The first directed synthesis of seven‐membered mono‐ and tris‐phosphates is described. The key steps involve a DIBAL‐H/DIBAL‐Cl‐mediated ring opening of 8‐oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octenes in the presence of [Ni(acac)2] and stereoselective syn‐dihydroxylation with NMO and OsO4. An enantioselective approach to ring opening has been examined with chiral phosphane. The phosphorylation of mono‐ and triols followed by deprotection gave the corresponding phosphates in high yields with structures similar to those of known inhibitors of myo‐inositol monophosphatase (IMPase) and myo‐inositol tris‐phosphate receptor ligands. The inhibitory activities of the monophosphates thus formed were evaluated against IMPase.
Increasing the Dimensionality of Modular Domino Reactions Triggered by Oxidative Cleavage: A Two‐Step Protocol Towards a Variety of Stereodefined Complex Oxygen Heterocycles
Authors: Castillo Rafael R. , Abet Valentina , Aquino Maurizio , Gandara Zoila , Retailleau Pascal , Arseniyadis Siméon
Published: March 2013

Arylcarbinol‐ and benzyl‐tethered octalin‐diols (1/1′), which differ only by the C11 substitution at the angular position, were transformed selectively into original scaffolds of high complexity through a two‐step protocol. Overall, the (11S*) configuration ensures an intramolecular Friedel–Crafts‐type C13–C4 bonding through a domino process triggered by oxidative cleavage, whereas the (11R*) configuration allows for a Marson‐type Friedel–Crafts C13–C2 bonding through an intramolecular nucleophilic acetal opening.
A compensation model of cooperative downloading for vehicular network
Authors: Liu Jianhang , Bi Jingping , Ge Yuming , Cui Xuerong , Ding Shuyan , Li Zhongcheng
Published: March 2013

The ever growing dependence on the Internet makes people keen on accessing the network anytime and anywhere, even while driving cars. Cooperative downloading among vehicles could help the clients obtain more data when running out of access point coverage area. One of the methods is that the access point predicts communication duration between the helper and the client according to the registered speed of vehicles to decide how many packets should be carried by the helper. However, it is possible that cooperative vehicles cannot always transmit all of the carried data to the client due to the changing speed. A key challenge that lies at the heart of this problem is how to increase the packet transmitting rate of cooperative vehicles. Towards the end, this paper proposes a novel compensation model that exploits nodes own regulatory function to mitigate the packet transmission loss. By analysing a real speed dataset collected from a test car with global positioning system running from May 2011 to July 2012 on the No. G15 highway in China, we derive a strong spatiotemporal regularity in vehicle speeds. Impending speed can be predicted, therefore, using Markov chain. On the basis of the aforementioned quantitative prediction, the compensation schemes is presented to increase received data amount by using the characteristics of encountering, overtaking and being overtaken among vehicles. Simulation results indicate the benefits of the proposed model in terms of increasing throughput and reducing delay. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recurrent NCOA2 gene rearrangements in congenital/infantile spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Mosquera Juan Miguel , Sboner Andrea , Zhang Lei , Kitabayashi Naoki , Chen Chun‐Liang , Sung Yun Shao , Wexler Leonard H. , LaQuaglia Michael P. , Edelman Morris , Sreekantaiah Chandrika , Rubin Mark A. , Antonescu Cristina R.
Published: March 2013

Spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare form of RMS with different clinical characteristics between children and adult patients. Its genetic hallmark remains unknown and it remains debatable if there is pathogenetic relationship between the spindle cell and the so‐called sclerosing RMS. We studied two pediatric and one adult spindle cell RMS by next generation RNA sequencing and FusionSeq data analysis to detect novel fusions. An SRF‐NCOA2 fusion was detected in a spindle cell RMS from the posterior neck in a 7‐month‐old child. The fusion matched the tumor karyotype and was confirmed by FISH and RT‐PCR, which showed fusion of SRF exon 6 to NCOA2 exon 12. Additional 14 spindle cell (from 8 children and 6 adults) and 4 sclerosing (from 2 children and 2 adults) RMS were tested by FISH for the presence of abnormalities in NCOA2, SRF, as well as for PAX3 and NCOA1. NCOA2 rearrangements were found in two additional spindle cell RMS from a 3‐month‐old and a 4‐week‐old child. In the latter tumor, TEAD1 was identified by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) to be the NCOA2 gene fusion partner. None of the adult tumors were positive for NCOA2 rearrangement. Despite similar histomorphology in adults and young children, these results suggest that spindle cell RMS is a heterogeneous disease genetically as well as clinically. Our findings also support a relationship between NCOA2‐rearranged spindle cell RMS occurring in young childhood and the so‐called congenital RMS, which often displays rearrangements at 8q13 locus (NCOA2). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tissue metabolomics of hepatocellular carcinoma: Tumor energy metabolism and the role of transcriptomic classification
Authors: Beyoğlu Diren , Imbeaud Sandrine , Maurhofer Olivier , Bioulac-Sage Paulette , Zucman-Rossi Jessica , Dufour Jean-François , Idle Jeffrey R.
Published: March 2013

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the commonest causes of death from cancer. A plethora of metabolomic investigations of HCC have yielded molecules in biofluids that are both up- and down-regulated but no real consensus has emerged regarding exploitable biomarkers for early detection of HCC. We report here a different approach, a combined transcriptomics and metabolomics study of energy metabolism in HCC. A panel of 31 pairs of HCC tumors and corresponding nontumor liver tissues from the same patients was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS)-based metabolomics. HCC was characterized by ˜2-fold depletion of glucose, glycerol 3- and 2-phosphate, malate, alanine, myo-inositol, and linoleic acid. Data are consistent with a metabolic remodeling involving a 4-fold increase in glycolysis over mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. A second panel of 59 HCC that had been typed by transcriptomics and classified in G1 to G6 subgroups was also subjected to GCMS tissue metabolomics. No differences in glucose, lactate, alanine, glycerol 3-phosphate, malate, myo-inositol, or stearic acid tissue concentrations were found, suggesting that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activated by CTNNB1 mutation in subgroups G5 and G6 did not exhibit specific metabolic remodeling. However, subgroup G1 had markedly reduced tissue concentrations of 1-stearoylglycerol, 1-palmitoylglycerol, and palmitic acid, suggesting that the high serum α-fetoprotein phenotype of G1, associated with the known overexpression of lipid catabolic enzymes, could be detected through metabolomics as increased lipid catabolism. Conclusion: Tissue metabolomics yielded precise biochemical information regarding HCC tumor metabolic remodeling from mitochondrial oxidation to aerobic glycolysis and the impact of molecular subtypes on this process. (HEPATOLOGY 2013)
Income and support during transition from a military to civilian career
Authors: Robertson Heather C.
Published: March 2013

This study examined experienced military members (N= 136, average age 51 years) transitioning to a 2nd occupation, specifically K–12 teaching, and revealed correlations between the length of their transition to both perceived support and income. Perceived support from family and friends had a small, positive correlation with transition time (r= .31), while income had a small, negative correlation with transition time (r=−.28). The Career Transitions Inventory (Heppner, 1991), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985), demographic questions, and open‐ended questions were used. Implications for career counselors working with transitioning military members are discussed, along with future implications for research and practice.
Lactoferricin mediates anti‐inflammatory and anti‐catabolic effects via inhibition of IL‐1 and LPS activity in the intervertebral disc
Authors: Kim Jae‐Sung , Ellman Michael B. , Yan Dongyao , An Howard S. , KC Ranjan , Li Xin , Chen Di , Xiao Guozhi , Cs‐Szabo Gabriella , Hoskin David W. , Buechter Doug D. , Van Wijnen Andre J. , Im Hee‐Jeong
Published: March 2013

The catabolic cytokine interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) and endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are well‐known inflammatory mediators involved in degenerative disc disease, and inhibitors of IL‐1 and LPS may potentially be used to slow or prevent disc degeneration in vivo. Here, we elucidate the striking anti‐catabolic and anti‐inflammatory effects of bovine lactoferricin (LfcinB) in the intervertebral disc (IVD) via antagonism of both IL‐1 and LPS‐mediated catabolic activity using in vitro and ex vivo analyses. Specifically, we demonstrate the biological counteraction of LfcinB against IL‐1 and LPS‐mediated proteoglycan (PG) depletion, matrix‐degrading enzyme production, and enzyme activity in long‐term (alginate beads) and short‐term (monolayer) culture models using bovine and human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. LfcinB significantly attenuates the IL‐1 and LPS‐mediated suppression of PG production and synthesis, and thus restores PG accumulation and pericellular matrix formation. Simultaneously, LfcinB antagonizes catabolic factor mediated induction of multiple cartilage‐degrading enzymes, including MMP‐1, MMP‐3, MMP‐13, ADAMTS‐4, and ADAMTS‐5, in bovine NP cells at both mRNA and protein levels. LfcinB also suppresses the catabolic factor‐induced stimulation of oxidative and inflammatory factors such as iNOS, IL‐6, and toll‐like receptor‐2 (TLR‐2) and TLR‐4. Finally, the ability of LfcinB to antagonize IL‐1 and LPS‐mediated suppression of PG is upheld in an en bloc intradiscal microinjection model followed by ex vivo organ culture using both mouse and rabbit IVD tissue, suggesting a potential therapeutic benefit of LfcinB on degenerative disc disease in the future. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1884–1896, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural characterization of flavonoid glycosides from leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using LC/MS/MS profiling of the target compounds
Authors: Wojakowska Anna , Perkowski Juliusz , Góral Tomasz , Stobiecki Maciej
Published: March 2013

The aim of this study was to present integrated mass spectrometric methods for the structural characterization and identification of flavonoid glycoconjugates. During the liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses, TriVersa NanoMate chip‐based system with nanoelectrospray ionization and fraction collection was combined to a quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. In the extract samples prepared from green leaves of wheat plantlets, 41 flavonoid derivatives were recognized. Part of the target natural products had the full structure being characterized after the registration of mass spectra, where m/z values for protonated [M + H]+ and deprotonated molecules [M − H]− were annotated. MS2 and pseudo‐MS3 experiments were performed for [M + H]+ or [M − H]− and aglycone ions (Y0+/−‐type), respectively. It should be underlined that pseudo‐MS3 mass spectra were registered for aglycone product ions in the mass spectra of O‐glycosides present in the extract samples. In many cases, only tentative structural identification of aglycones was possible, mainly because of the presence of numerous C‐monoglycoside or C‐diglycoside in the samples. Acylation of the sugar moiety and/or methylation of the aglycone in the flavonoid glycosides under study was observed. The existence of isobaric and/or isomeric compounds was demonstrated in the extract studied. The collision‐induced dissociation mass spectra registered for C,O‐diglycosides and C,C‐diglycosides did not permit to draw complete structural conclusions about the compounds studied. For the investigated class of natural products, unambiguous classification of sugar moieties linked to the aglycones from the recorded mass spectra was not possible. Registration of the positive and negative ion mass spectra did not lead to the precise conclusion about the glycosylation position at C‐6 or C‐8, and O‐4′ or O‐7 atoms. It was possible, on the basis of the collected MS2 spectra, to differentiate between O‐glycosides and C‐glycosides present in the samples analyzed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermoplastic Polyurethanes From Undecylenic Acid‐Based Soft Segments: Structural Features and Release Properties
Authors: Lluch Cristina , Lligadas Gerard , Ronda Joan C. , Galià Marina , Cádiz Virginia
Published: March 2013

A set of thermoplastic polyurethanes is synthesized, combining undecylenic acid‐derived telechelic diols as soft segments and 1,4‐butanediol/4,4′‐methylenebis(phenylisocyanate) as a hard segment (HS). These polymers are fully chemically and physically characterized by means of NMR and Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy, size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC), DSC, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile testing, and contact angle measurements. The obtained results reveal that both the molecular weight of the diol and the HS content greatly influence the physical and mechanical properties of these polymers. In addition, given the potential use of these materials for biomedical applications, hydrolytic degradation, their biocompatibility using a human fibroblast cell line, and performance as drug delivery carriers are evaluated.

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Polythiophene Diblock Copolymer with Different Solvent Affinities of the Side‐Chain Substituents: Solvatochromism and Effect on the Electronic Conjugation
Authors: Angiolini Luigi , Brazzi Alice , Salatelli Elisabetta , Van den Bergh Karlien , Koeckelberghs Guy
Published: March 2013

A new diblock copolymer composed of a regioregular block of poly[3‐[2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]methylthiophene], bearing as side‐chain a hydrophilic substituent, and a regioregular block of poly[3‐(1‐octyloxy)thiophene], is prepared and characterized. The properties are compared with those of a related copolymer composed of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) and poly(3‐alkoxythiophene) blocks. The solvatochromic properties of these materials in solution are investigated by absorption and emission spectroscopy upon gradual addition of a poor solvent, and compared with those of the parent regioregular homopolymers. The experimental results are interpreted in terms of electronic interactions between the blocks. It is found that the different hydrophilicity of the side chain plays a crucial role for the electronic communication between blocks in poly(3‐alkylthiophene)‐block‐poly(3‐alkoxythiophene) copolymers.

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Novel Test System for Gas Sensing Materials and Sensors
Authors: Stewart K. M. E. , Penlidis A.
Published: March 2013

Summary: A growing interest in gas sensors necessitates the requirement for a test system that is reliable and capable of handling multiple gas analytes at various concentrations. Most test systems currently used do not incorporate some type of standard with which to verify the actual concentrations of the gas analytes being tested, but rather calculate concentrations indirectly. The problem is that the calculated concentrations rarely take into account any loss that may occur across the test system. The test system described herein uses a specialized gas chromatograph (GC) that is capable of detecting down to the ppb range. It can either be used to screen potential sensing materials or to verify the actual concentration being tested for a specific sensor.
State of the art of the gateroads in Polish coal mining
Authors: Prusek Stanislaw , Masny Wojciech
Published: March 2013

Gateroads play an important role in the process of hard coal mining. Maintaining an appropriate cross‐section for these workings is one of the fundamental factors that determine both production results and the occupational safety of the mine personnel. The paper describes the most important data in the field of gateroad support characteristics as well as gateroad design methods. Due to the fact that significant difficulties may arise from vertical and horizontal convergence occurring in gateroads, the article discusses this issue as well.