bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gold and US money demand
Authors: Azar Samih Antoine
Published: November 2018

This letter is about the long run cointegration relation of the US money demand function that incorporates a gold price variable. A three-equation model is jointly constructed and estimated. The first equation has real gold prices, as a dependent variable, and real money, the real dollar index, a scale variable, and the lagged cointegration residual as independent variables. All the variables are in first-differences of the logs except the cointegration residual. The second equation is the cointegration regression with the same variables in log levels. And the third equation is a GARCH model of the conditional variance of residuals. Two different scale variables are chosen: the industrial production index and the real personal disposable income. Both variables produce close estimates. All coefficients are of the correct expected sign and are statistically different from zero. The evidence presented is highly supportive of the model. In particular we find long run money neutrality, and long run constant economies of scale for both scale variables. Moreover, both the short run and long run elasticities of the real dollar index are also unitary. Surprisingly real money and each one of the two scale variables, have no short run effects on the log of real gold prices, but have only long run effects. One can no more exclude gold from the US money demand without incurring a mis-specification. In this regard gold may be the missing variable that produces the structural breaks found in the literature.
Price convergence in the UK supermarket chains: Evidence from nonlinear cointegration approach
Authors: Woo Kai Yin , Lee Shu Kam
Published: November 2018

Supermarket chain is an important sector of the UK grocery stores and the growing dominance of supermarket chains has brought public concern over exploitation of market power in the UK retail grocery industry. This paper therefore aims to examine the price convergence of the UK supermarket products. Since the cointegrating relationship between supermarket prices may not be exact or linear, we adopt the rank tests for analysis which do not require prior knowledge and specification of the linear or nonlinear functional form. Our results confirm the evidence of the price convergence of all grocery products and then validate the price competition between the UK supermarket chains. Furthermore, a subset of the cointegration relationships exhibits nonlinear long-run price co-movements.
Delay differential equations as a tool for mathematical modelling of population dynamic
Authors: Glagolev Mikhail V. , Sabrekov Aleksandr F. , Goncharov Vladimir M.
Published: November 2018

The manuscript constitutes a lecture from a course “Mathematical modelling of biological processes”, adapted to the format of the journal paper. This course of lectures is held by one of authors in Ugra State University.

Delay differential equations are widely used in different ecological and biological problems. It has to do with the fact that delay differential equations are able to take into account that different biological processes depend not only on the state of the system at the moment but on the state of the system in previous moments too. The most popular case of using delay differential equations in biology is modelling in population ecology (including the modelling of several interacting populations dynamic, for example, in predator-prey system). Also delay differential equations are considered in demography, immunology, epidemiology, molecular biology (to provide mathematical description of regulatory mechanisms in a cell functioning and division), physiology as well as for modelling certain important production processes (for example, in agriculture).

In the beginning of the paper as introduction some basic concepts of differential difference equation theory (delay differential equations are specific type of differential difference equations) is considered and their classification is presented. Then it is discussed in more detail how such an important equations of population dynamic as Maltus equation and logistic (Verhulst-Pearl) equation are transformed into corresponsive delay differential equations – Goudriaan-Roermund and Hutchinson.

Then several discussion questions on using of a delay differential equations in biological models are considered. It is noted that in a certain cases using of a delay differential equations lead to an incorrect behavior from the point of view of common sense. Namely solution of Goudriaan-Roermund equation with harvesting, stopped when all species were harvested, shows that spontaneous generation takes place in the system.

This incorrect interpretation has to do with the fact that delay differential equations are used to simplify considered models (that are usually are systems of ordinary differential equations). Using of integro-differential equations could be more appropriate because in these equations background could be taken into account in a more natural way. It is shown that Hutchinson equation can be obtained by simplification of Volterra integral equation with a help of Diraq delta function.

Finally, a few questions of analytical and numerical solution of delay differential equations are discussed.
A critical analysis of factors for delayed initiation of breast feeding in a district level hospital
Authors: M. V. Ramana Rao , Fathima Naima
Published: November 2018

Background: Breastfeeding is the cornerstone for child survival. Poor breastfeeding practices contribute to 20 per cent of neonatal deaths and nearly 13 per cent of deaths in children below five years. In south Asia, 40% of the babies are initiated breastfeeding within one hour despite increase in institutional deliveries, 80%.Methods: This prospective study was conducted to critically analyse the factors for delayed initiation of breast feeding. A prospective study was carried out among randomly selected postnatal mothers in the postnatal ward of a district teaching hospital. Data was collected by face to face interviews using a pre-validated structured questionnaire.Results: Above 90% of the women did not know the importance of initiating breast feeding within one hour of delivery as none of them received antenatal counselling. Baby was not given to the mother in 90% of the cases. 70% believed that colostrum is not good for the baby. 60% gave pre-lacteal feeds and 60% reported pain of surgical site or perineum as the cause for delayed initiation of breast feeding.Conclusions: UNICEF estimates that if all children receive the benefits of breastfeeding – globally, 8,23,000 child deaths can be averted every year. All health care facilities should adopt Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative’s Ten successful steps for breast feeding to initiate early breast feeding within one hour to reduce morbidity and mortality of infants and under five children.
Amniotic fluid index versus maximum vertical pocket measurement in predicting perinatal outcome at 40 weeks or beyond
Authors: Noor Nasreen , Raza Seema Amjad , Parveen Shazia , Khalid Mohammad , Ali Syed Manazir
Published: November 2018

Background: The aim of this study is to compare the use of amniotic fluid index with maximum vertical pocket for predicting perinatal outcomes.Methods: The present study was a prospective observational study and includes 140 The study include normal antenatal women at gestational age 40 weeks or beyond (by last menstrual period/1st trimester scan) referred from antenatal between 20 to 40 years were enrolled in this study from 2015 to 2017. After Institutional Ethics Committee approval all recruited women was assessed at the 3rd trimester visit for baseline demographic and obstetric data. After taking a detailed history and examination the women were subjected to ultrasonography for Amniotic Fluid index (AFI) and Maximum vertical pocket (MVP). The women were divided into 2 groups based on measurement of AFI and MVP ultrasonologically. The correlation of Amniotic fluid index and Maximum vertical pocket with perinatal outcome were computed for the 2 groups: Group Ia - women having normal AFI and normal MVP; Group Ib - women having decreased AFI and normal MVP.Results: In Group Ia, 31(34.44%) women were induced and in Group Ib 59 (65.56%) women were induced for oligohydramnios. 65 women (72.22%) had normal vaginal delivery versus 25women (27.28%) had undergone LSCS in Group Ia, while in Group Ib, 32 women (64%) versus 18 women (36%) had vaginal delivery and LSCS respectively. Higher rate of LSCS was observed in Group Ib. There was no significant difference in the rate of LSCS for fetal distress between Group Ia and Ib for fetal distress.Conclusions: Amniotic fluid index (AFI) compared with the maximum vertical pocket (MVP) excessively characterizes patients as having oligohydramnios, leading to an increase in obstetric interventions, without any documented improvement in perinatal morbidity and mortality. Thus, authors cannot find any objective reason to favour AFI over MVP.
Psychological well-being, marital adjustment and quality of life after hysterectomy: a comparative study
Authors: Mathur Kusum Lata , Sharma Manu , Mazumdar Mohua , Talati Shikha , Srivastav Siddharth
Published: November 2018

Background: Hysterectomy is the most common major gynecological surgery often performed for benign lesions. Many studies have reported adverse psychosocial outcomes post-hysterectomy. There is a paucity of studies from India addressing psychiatric morbidity after hysterectomy. To evaluate psychological wellbeing, marital adjustment and quality of life in patients undergoing hysterectomy for non-malignant conditions, in comparison with patients undergoing surgery other than hysterectomy.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 consecutive out-patients who underwent hysterectomy for non-malignant indications at least 6 months ago. The comparison group comprised of 50 consecutive out-patients who underwent gynecological surgery other than hysterectomy at least 6 months ago formed the comparison group. The study participants were evaluated on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Psychological General Well-being Index (PGWBI), Marital Adjustment Test (MAT) and Women’s Quality of Life Questionnaire (WOMQOL).Results: The indications for hysterectomy were: uterine leiomyoma (69%), uterovaginal prolapse (18%), dysfunctional uterine bleeding (12%), and endometriosis (1%). Abdominal hysterectomy was performed in 92 patients while 8 patients underwent vaginal hysterectomy. There were no significant differences in the study groups on scores of HADS, PGWBI, MAT and WOMQOL (p>0.05). Both the study groups had good marital adjustment and majority reported no depression and anxiety.Conclusions: There is no major psychiatric morbidity, decline in marital adjustment and quality of life after hysterectomy for benign conditions among Indian women. Future research on the ethno-cultural implications and effect of hysterectomy on mental health will be a significant addition to the available evidence in India.
Comparison between Ormeloxifene and Norethisterone in reducing menorrhagia in dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Authors: Gett Swati , Singh Shruti
Published: November 2018

Background: Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB) is a condition that affects nearly every woman at some point in her life. This study aims to compare the efficacy of Ormeloxifene and Norethisterone in reducing menorrhagia in such patients.Methods: This prospective study was done on 100 women presenting with dysfunctional uterine bleeding, of 20-50 years of age, who were ready for follow-up and were allocated into two equal groups, one was given Ormeloxifene and the other was given Norethisterone for a period of 3 months. Haemoglobin levels, endometrial thickness on ultrasound and Pictorial Blood loss Assessment Chart (PBAC) scores were assessed before and after the treatment.Results: It was found that both Ormeloxifene and Norethisterone reduced menorrhagia, with a significant difference in PBAC scores (p value <0.05). There was a notable reduction in PBAC scores in Ormeloxifene group (66.53% change from pretreatment mean value) as compared to Norethisterone group (31.38% change from pretreatment mean value); and same holds true for the change in haemoglobin levels as well as endometrial thickness. Ormeloxifene was found to have a greater effect on heavy menstrual bleeding in comparison to Norethisterone.Conclusions: Ormeloxifene is a new modality and is found to be a better option in reducing menorrhagia in DUB in respect to a greater success rate, better compliance and cost effectiveness.
Prediction of pre-eclampsia in early pregnancy using PAPP-A and uterine artery pulsatility index
Authors: Pratap Charu , Thakur Srishti
Published: November 2018

Background: The aim is to study the role of first trimester pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP A) and second trimester uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) in prediction of pre-eclampsia in early pregnancy.Methods: This prospective study conducted at GSVM Medical College, Kanpur from May 2011 to May 2012 included 100 pregnant women. Serum PAPP-A level was determined in the first trimester (8-14 weeks) and uterine artery Doppler was done at 20-25 weeks of gestation.Results: Out of 100 patients 7 developed pre-eclampsia. Mean PAPP-A level in pre eclamptic and normotensive patients were 1.25±1.4 and 2.5±0.5ng/ml respectively. Mean PI level in pre eclamptic and normotensive patients were 1.77±0.28 and 0.96±0.25 respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of PAPP-A at cut off <1.7ng/ml was 71%, 71% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of pulsatility index at cut off >1.4 was 100% ,94% respectively.Conclusions: Low level of maternal serum PAPP-A at 8-14weeks and high level of uterine artery PI at 22-25 weeks of pregnancy can predict subsequent development of pre-eclampsia.
Meconium stained liquor and perinatal outcome
Authors: Biradar Aruna , Kori Shreedevi , Patil Neelamma , Mudanur S. R.
Published: November 2018

Background: The aim of this study is to know the association between the meconium stained amniotic fluid and its association with the perinatal outcome.Methods: All the patients coming to present hospital for delivery with meconium stained liquor during the study period were included in the study.Results: 163 cases with meconium stained liquor (MSAF) were included in the study, 124(76.1%) and 39(23.9%) had thin and thick MSAF respectively. Among these cases, thick MSAF was more associated with high fetal heart rate (FHR) variability (p value- 0.030), associated with increased rate of operative interference (64.1%; p value- 0.001), abnormal Apgar score (p value-0.003 at 1min and 0.001 at 5min) and increased neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission (33.3%; p value - <0.001).Conclusions: Present study showed that thick meconium is associated with more complications like increased operative interference, birth asphyxia, meconium aspiration syndrome, low Apgar score, prolonged NICU stay and overall increased perinatal mortality compared to thin meconium stained liquor. As the gestational age increased the incidence of meconium increased and a greater number of thick meconium had abnormal CTG.
Maternal and perinatal outcome in cholestasis of pregnancy: a study in tertiary care hospital in North India
Authors: Kant Anita , Goswami Shivani , Gupta Usha , Razdan Amrita , Amle Dnyanesh
Published: November 2018

Background: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (IHCP) is the most common pregnancy related liver disorder. It typically presents with troublesome itching and can lead to complications for both mother and fetus. Thus, authors aimed to assess risk factors associated with IHCP as well as maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancy associated with IHCP in north Indian population.Methods: This hospital based analytical observational case control study enrolled 44 subjects with IHCP and 44 normal healthy pregnant controls. The subjects were assessed for demographic parameters, obstetric history, liver function tests including Bile acids. Outcome was measured as various parameters related to delivery and maternal and fetal complications.Results: Study groups were matched for age (0.52). Frequency of primipara was higher in IHCP (p=0.01). Serum bilirubin (p=0.002), liver enzymes (p<0.0001 for all) and Bile acids (p=0.001) were significantly elevated in IHCP subjects compared to controls.  Further, frequency of preterm birth was higher in IHCP (p=0.013). Fetal complications (p=0.01) and birth weight (p=0.03) were higher in IHCP subjects.Conclusions: IHCP is associated with higher risk of complications in infants and to lesser extent in mothers.
Liver function tests in patients of pre-eclampsia in Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India: a clinical study
Authors: Lodhi Rashid , Roy Navanil
Published: November 2018

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a multisystem disorder, which occurs only in pregnant women during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and is associated with raised blood pressure and proteinuria. Liver function Test (LFT) abnormalities occur in 3% of the pregnancies and probably the lesion that causes elevated serum liver enzymes. This study was conducted to compare the liver function tests in pre-eclampsia with normal pregnancy.Methods: This study was carried out on 60 pregnant women after 20 weeks of gestation admitted in Obstetrics and Gynaecology units of Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhilai, and Chhattisgarh. The subjects were divided into two groups. Group A comprised of 30 cases of pre-eclampsia having blood pressure ≥ 140/90mm Hg, proteinuria in 24 hours ≥ 300 mg and edema.  Group B had 30 normal pregnant women after 20 weeks of gestation. The data including parity, period of gestation, blood pressure and presenting complaints of all subjects were recorded. Serum bilirubin, total protein, albumin and plasma levels of liver enzymes ALT and AST were measured.Results: The mean value of serum bilirubin in cases was 3.45 and in controls it was 0.50. The mean value of enzymes ALT in cases was 92.7 while in the controls it was 22.37. Mean serum AST in the cases was 85.43 and in the controls,  it was 21.96. Total protein in cases was 7.77 and controls it was 7.26. Albumin level in cases was 4.62 and controls were 4.17.Conclusions: Increased concentrations of serum bilirubin, total protein, albumin and liver enzymes ALT, AST were found in pre-eclampsia cases.
A rare case of unicornuate uterus with non communicating rudimentary horn containing functional endometrium
Authors: Priyanka Priyanka , Shergill Harbhajan , Bansal Romi , Aggarwal Mohini
Published: November 2018

Unicornuate uterus with rudimentary horn is a rare type of anomaly. The incidence is approximately 1/100,000. Mullerian anomalies are associated with many obstetrical and gynecological complications. Non-communicating and functional rudimentary horn can cause severe pain in abdomen due to accumulation of the blood causing its distension. Authors report a case of 25 years old patient with unicornuate uterus with non-communicating rudimentary horn containing functional endometrium presenting with chief complaints of severe pain in lower abdomen associated with multiple episodes of vomiting.
A study on mutation in genes associated with rifampicin and isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex using line probe assay
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Shahi Shivendra Kumar , Kumar Rakesh , Mishra Balkrishna , Kumar Shailesh , Sharma Raj Kishor
Published: November 2018

Background: The term tuberculosis describe a clinical illness, which is predominantly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and less common by other species. Infection is transmitted by infected droplets through respiratory route. Early diagnosis and appropriate management is the only way to control the spread of infection. The available diagnostic tools include, smear microscopy, culture and molecular methods. Culture is the gold standard, but it takes around 2-8 weeks to get the result and smear microscopy having less sensitivity. Molecular technique especially Line probe assay can be better option because of high sensitivity and specificity, and directly clinical sample can be used, and result will be made available within same day with sensitivity pattern. Present study was designed to use of LPA for early diagnosis.Methods: Laboratory based observational study conducted in department of microbiology, IGIMS Patna and TBDC, Patna. Sputum specimens were collected from clinically suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, and subjected to smear microscopy, culture and LPA.Results: During the study period, 2841 patients were diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis. Strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in, 12% (347) patients were rifampicin and isoniazid resistant, 4% (117) and 3% (86) patients were rifampicin and isoniazid mono-resistant respectively. We found that rpoB MUT3 was the most common mutation in gene associated with rifampicin resistant and katG MUT1gene associated with isoniazid resistant.Conclusions: Present study support the use of LPA for early diagnosis of smear positive as well as smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis cases. Resulting early diagnosis and appropriate management of patients.
Unfeasible body mass index and its association with low haemoglobin concentration: a correlation study among undergraduate medical students
Authors: Khan Tazeen , Khan Zahid A. , Kochhar Sonia , Singh Baljinder , Goyal Gurdev L. , Sharma Ruby
Published: November 2018

Background: Low hemoglobin concentration and unfeasible body mass index adversely affect the health of people, consequently increasing morbidity and mortality among them. Hemoglobin concentration among individuals is associated with their body mass index. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia is higher among underweight and overweight/obese people compared to those with normal BMI. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the correlation between hemoglobin concentration and BMI of undergraduate medical students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 210 undergraduate medical students. Body mass index was calculated and hemoglobin estimation was done by Sahli's hemoglobinometer. Correlation between hemoglobin concentration and body mass index of subjects was assessed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient.Results: Underweight students had lowest mean hemoglobin concentration and the mean hemoglobin concentrations increased significantly (p<0.001) with increase in the BMI of subjects. A highly significant positive correlation (r=0.307, p<0.001) between BMI and hemoglobin concentration was observed. Further, significant positive correlation was observed among males (r=0.268, p=0.013), students with normal BMI (r=0.283, p=0.003) and overweight students (r=0.415, p=0.035) only.Conclusions: Hemoglobin concentration and BMI show a positive correlation, however this correlation tends to become negative in obese individuals. As both low hemoglobin concentration and unfeasible body mass index have detrimental effects on the health, diligent screening and management of both is essential for better outcome.
Operating room (OR) extubation after off pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: its feasibility and effect on post operative complication: a prospective study
Authors: Rai Nimish , Malewar Tushar , Rai Nidhi
Published: November 2018

Background: The expansion of coronary surgery on the beating heart without cardiopulmonary bypass has led to increasing interest in ultra-fast track anesthesia, allowing extubation of the patient in the operating room. Ultrafast tracking of anesthesia (UFTA) is practiced routinely, whereas immediate on-table extubation after off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) grafting surgery has many concerns. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of Operating Room (OR) extubation.Methods: Authors have conducted a study in 158 patients undergone OPCAB. Patients were observed carefully for their intraoperative behavior in terms of hemodynamics, urine output, requirement of inotropes, bleeding and body temperature and then selected for OR extubation. Post-operative complications such as bleeding, reoperation, re-intubation and ventilation, stroke, deep sternal infection and in-hospital mortality were checked. Serial ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) (pO2, pCO2 and O2 saturation) was performed: preoperative, pre-extubation (OR), Intensive Thoracic Unit (ITU) on transfer and ITU 4 hours.Results: Authors found OR extubation was safely feasible in 151 patients. 4 patients were reintubated and there were 2 in hospital mortality. None had deep sternal infection. The analysis of arterial Blood Gas revealed no significant changes between pre and post-operative values. All hospital survivors were discharged between 6th and 8th postoperative days.Conclusions: Our results concluded that Operating Room (OR) extubation is feasible in the majority of patients undergoing OPCAB and the technique is safe, effective and does not increase post-operative complications.
Successful Ostial Stenting in a Patient with a Single Coronary Artery from the Right Sinus of Valsalva: A Case Report
Authors: Doustkami Hossein , Habibzadeh Afshin
Published: November 2018

Single coronary arteries (SCAs) constitute a rare coronary anomaly which is usually asymptomatic. However, SCAs may become symptomatic and even cause myocardial ischemia and infarction and as such necessitate proper intervention whether percutaneous or surgical. We describe an 89-year-old woman with an SCA from the right sinus of Valsalva presenting with chest pain and acute myocardial infarction. We succeeded in performing percutaneous coronary intervention and stenting on the ostial lesion of the SCA, and there were no further complications. The patient was discharged 2 days later with no adverse complications.
What do film teachers need to know about cognitivism? Revisiting the work of David Bordwell and other cognitivists
Authors: Connolly Steve
Published: November 2018

In the pages of the inaugural issue of this journal, the work of film educator Alain Bergala was discussed as a means of exploring possible approaches to film education. While Bergala offers many reasons why young people should be taught about film, there is very little discussion
in his work of how they learn. In the subject field of education more broadly, there is currently a great deal of attention given to this process, with classroom teachers in all disciplines being encouraged to consider the ways that cognitive science might inform both instructional
design and teaching itself. The popularity of the work of psychologists such as John Sweller and Daniel Willingham can be seen as indicative of a wider, positivist trend in educational research. While, historically, film educators may have seen their pedagogical and curricular activities as
being located in a more linguistic, and perhaps interpretivist, domain, it is important to note that there is a cognitive tradition within both film studies and film education, mainly arising from the work of David Bordwell. Bordwell's seminal essay, 'A case for cognitivism' (1989), sets out
some initial reasons why both students of film and film educators should be interested in the way that the brain comprehends the moving image. Drawing on and augmenting the work of other cognitivists such as Paul Messaris (1994) and Gavriel Salomon (1979), Bordwell's work makes for important
rereading in an educational environment in which there is both some agreement and some scepticism about the significance of the cognitive. This article seeks to outline and critique the most relevant of Bordwell's arguments, taking as its starting point some unanswered questions from my own
PhD studies, which led me to the work of both Bordwell and Messaris, and subsequently to identifying some ideas that film teachers may wish to reflect upon in terms of their own classroom practice. At the same time, it locates Bordwell's work in the wider field of cognitive perspectives in
education.
Contratación económica y Derecho penal: una frágil línea en el escenario económico actual
Authors: Leyva Estupiñán Manuel Alberto , Pérez Durarte Arlín , Lugo Arteaga Larisbel , Infante Almaguer Ana María
Published: November 2018

El artículo analiza las relaciones existentes entre los procesos de contratación económica y el Derecho penal. Es el producto de una investigación doctoral. En la misma se valoran algunas de las características de los procesos de negociación de contratos económicos y cómo puede surgir una relación jurídico penal. Entre los elementos fundamentales para determinar la presencia de ilícitos penales está la determinación del tipo de dolo y la existencia o no del llamado riesgo permitido. Se realizan algunas valoraciones pertenecientes a la dogmática penal y al Derecho de contratos. Entre los aspectos que se analizan está la búsqueda de argumentos doctrinales para la solución de conflictos mediante vías distintas al Derecho penal. Resulta necesario que esta materia sea realmente un Derecho de última ratio.
De enemigo a conciudadano: el tránsito como condición necesaria del postacuerdo de La Habana
Authors: Vizcaíno-Gutiérrez Milcíades
Published: November 2018

La reinserción de guerrilleros a la vida civil supone el cambio radical de la pauta cultural socializada y practicada en la guerrilla. Cinco aspectos son desarrollados como argumentos: la identidad guerrillera, la concepción de amigo-enemigo, la alianza con el campesino, la socialización de la pauta cultural y su des-socialización mediante la reintegración a la vida civil. Los argumentos se sustentan en Michel Foucault acerca del vigilar y castigar, en la construcción social de la realidad de Peter Berger y Thomas Luckmann, en las representaciones sociales de Serge Moscovici y de Denise Jodelet, y en los principios de solidaridad y de responsabilidad de Pierre Rosanvallon, el pluralismo de Chantal Mouffe y, finalmente, en la acción en la cual somos diferentes del otro, en Hannah Arendt. La información empírica proviene de documentos de las farc y de análisis de expertos.
La reconstrucción del hecho en el proceso penal en México
Authors: Santacruz Lima Rafael
Published: November 2018

En el presente artículo se hace un análisis en torno a la reconstrucción del hecho delictuoso en México, bajo el entendido de que existen dos formas de reconstruir hechos del pasado en el proceso penal, lo que constituye seguir una serie de requisitos y formalidades establecidas en el ordenamiento jurídico, los cuales deben buscar en todo momento el respeto de los derechos humanos de las partes en el proceso penal; lo anterior se logrará si existe una correcta argumentación y ponderación de los hechos.
Resmî Ortaokul ve Liselerde Görev Yapan Yönetici ve Öğretmenlerin, Değerlere Dayalı Yönetim Uygulamaları İle İlgili Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi.
Authors: AKIN Mehmet Ali , İŞ Engin , Öter Ömer Murat
Published: November 2018

Bu araştırmada, resmî ortaokul ve liselerde görev yapan
yönetici ve öğretmenlerin değerlere dayalı yönetim uygulamaları ile
ilgili görüşlerini belirlemeyi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, tarama
modelinde olup, araştırma örneklemi, 2015-2016 eğitim-öğretim
yılında Mardin Merkez Artuklu ilçe merkezindeki resmi ortaokul ve
liselerde görev yapan 65 Yönetici ve 325 öğretmen olmak üzere
toplam 390 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma verileri Yılmaz (2006)
tarafından geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması yapılarak geliştirilen
“Değerlere Göre Yönetim Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır.
Araştırmada verilerin analizinde yüzde, aritmetik ortalama, standart
sapma kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca “görev türü”, “cinsiyet”, “mesleki
kıdem” ve “eğitim durumu” değişkenleri için t- testi kullanılmıştır.
Araştırmada ortaya çıkan bulgulardan bazıları şu şekilde verilebilir.
Araştırmanın bulgularına göre “görev türü” ve “yaş” değişkenleri
açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunmuşken, “cinsiyet”, “öğrenim
durumu” ve “mesleki kıdem” değişkenleri açısından ise anlamlı bir
fark bulunmamıştır. Ortaokul ve liselerde görev yapan yöneticilerin
değerlere dayalı yönetim uygulamalarının, okulun örgütsel iklimini
oluşturma, öğretimsel amaçları gerçekleştirme, okulların verimliliği
ve etkililiğinde önemli bir rol oynadığı söylenebilir.
Survival and growth of Swietenia macrophylla seedlings from seeds sown into slash and burn fields in Quintana Roo, Mexico
Authors: Negreros-Castillo Patricia , Martínez-Salazar Imelda , Álvarez Aquino Claudia , Navarro Martínez Angélica , Mize Carl W.
Published: November 2018

Un problème clé dans la gestion de la production de bois d’œuvre est d’assurer la régénération d’espèces ayant une valeur commerciale, telles que Swietenia macrophylla King (acajou), ce qui nécessite une connaissance approfondie des espèces concernées. Cet article rend compte des résultats du semis direct de l’acajou dans trois champs cultivés sur brûlis au cours de la dernière année de culture, à Betania, dans la région de Quintana Roo au Mexique. Dans chaque champ, 121 sites de semis ont été identifiés dans une parcelle de 0,25 ha, et cinq graines ont été semées dans chacun d’entre eux. La hauteur, le diamètre et les indications de dommages causés par Hypsipyla grandella de toutes les graines germées ont été enregistrés à 2, 11, 23, 38, 45 et 58 mois après le semis. Les niveaux d’ombrage et la couleur du sol ont été notés. À 11 mois, la mortalité chez les semis qui étaient vivants à 2 mois variait d’un champ à l’autre, mais ne variait pas selon le niveau d’ombrage ou la couleur du sol. Un champ a été abandonné après 11 mois car le protocole de recherche n’avait pas été respecté. En comparant les semis vivants à 58 mois avec les semis vivants à 2 mois mais morts à 58 mois, le pourcentage de survie variait selon les champs et selon les niveaux d’ombrage, mais ne variait pas selon la couleur du sol. Le diamètre moyen des semis vivants à 58 mois a été influencé par les conditions du champ, mais n’a pas varié selon la couleur du sol ou les niveaux d’ombrage. Leur hauteur moyenne variait d’un champ à l’autre, probablement en fonction de la couleur du sol, et n’était pas influencée par les niveaux d’ombrage. Deux mois après le semis, 20 % des sites de semis avaient au moins un semis. Cinq ans plus tard, 63 % de ces semis étaient morts, laissant 7,4 % des sites de semis occupés par un semis. La hauteur des semis à 58 mois variait de 0,3 à 8 m, avec une moyenne de 2,7 m. Fait remarquable, aucun des 212 semis observés ne montrait des signes de dommages causés par H. grandella, et le coût de la technique est minime. Les champs de milpa dans leur dernière année de culture semblent être des sites prometteurs pour la régénération de l’acajou à partir de graines dans un contexte de forêt tropicale mixte.
Extended Rational Sinh-Cosh and Sin-Cos Methods to Derive Solutions to the Coupled Higgs System
Authors: Rezazadeh Hadi , Korkmaz Alper , Eslami Mostafa , Liu Jian-Guo
Published: November 2018

By using the new recently proposed extended rational methods, we set some solitary and multi wave solutions of the coupled Higgs system in the present study. Some new families of hyperbolic and trigonometric solutions of the coupled Higgs equations are successfully obtained. Some solutions are real as some are complex valued functions. Particular forms of some solutions derived by choice of some parameters are demonstrated in three dimensional spaces. The complex valued solutions are also depicted by plotting both real and complex component.
TALEN Mediated Gene Targeting for CF Gene Therapy
Authors: Xia Emily , Zhang Yiqian , Cao Huibi , Li Jun , Duan Rongqi , Hu Jim
Published: November 2018

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an inherited monogenic disorder, amenable to gene based therapies. Because CF lung disease is currently the major cause of mortality and morbidity, and lung airway is readily accessible to gene delivery, the major CF gene therapy effort at present is directed to the lung. Although airway epithelial cells are renewed slowly, permanent gene correction through gene editing or targeting in airway stem cells is needed to perpetuate the therapeutic effect. Transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) has been utilized widely for a variety of gene editing applications. The stringent requirement for nuclease binding target sites allows for gene editing with precision. In this study, we engineered helper-dependent adenoviral (HD-Ad) vectors to deliver a pair of TALENs together with donor DNA targeting the human AAVS1 locus. With homology arms of 4 kb in length, we demonstrated precise insertion of either a LacZ reporter gene or a human CFTR minigene into the target site. Using the LacZ reporter, we determined the efficiency of gene integration to be about 5%. In the CFTR vector transduced cells, we have detected both CFTR mRNA and protein expression by qPCR and Wetern analysis, respectively. We have also confirmed CFTR function correction by flurometric Image Plate Reader (FLIPR) and iodide efflux assays. Taking together, these findings suggest a new direction for future in vitro and in vivo studies in CF gene editing.
Comparative Evaluation of the Microbial Safety of Boiled Locally Vended Ready-to-Drink, HTST Pasteurized and UHT Bovine Milk Sold in Nakawa Division of Metropolitan Kampala
Authors: Omara Timothy , Ndyamuhaki Sarah , Kigenyi Erisa , Kagoya Sarah , Biira Felista
Published: November 2018

This study evaluated the microbial safety of vended boiled, pasteurized and UHT milk sold in Nakawa, Kampala-Uganda. 15 milk samples were analyzed; 2 samples had Salmonella, 5 had S. aureus with a count of 1.66 0.02 log10CFU/ml. E. coli was detected in 8 samples with 1.0 0.02 to 3.0 0.01log10CFU/ml count. A high load of 3.0 CFU/ml was obtained in 3 samples with E. coli. Four E. coli positive samples had a contamination load of 2.0 0.015log10 CFU/ml of which one was pasteurized milk. Only a pasteurized milk showed a low E. coli load at 1.0 0.02log10 CFU/ml. All UHT milk had no microbial contamination. Both boiled and pasteurized milk had Salmonella, S. aureus and E. coli in levels above the set threshold limits. Milk consumers in Nakawa stand a potential public health risk of food poisoning reflected by presence of Salmonella, S. aureus and E. coli in some milk sold in the area.
Studies on Silver Ions Releasing Processes and Mechanical Properties of Surface-Modified Titanium Alloy Implants
Authors: Radtke Aleksandra , Ehlert Michalina , Grodzicka Marlena , Muzioł Tadeusz M. , Szkodo Marek , Bartmański Michał , Piszczek Piotr
Published: November 2018

Dispersed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the surface of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) and titanium alloy modified by titania nanotube layer (Ti6Al4V/TNT) substrates were produced by chemical vapor deposition method (CVD) using novel precursor of the formula [Ag5(O2CC2F5)5(H2O)3]. The structure and volatile properties of this compound were determined using single crystal X-ray diffractometry, variable temperature IR spectrophotometry (VT IR), and electron inducted mass spectrometry (EI MS). The morphology and the structure of the produced Ti6Al4V/AgNPs, and Ti6Al4V/TNT/AgNPs composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Moreover, measurements of hardness, Young’s modulus, adhesion, and surface free energy have been carried out. The ability to release silver ions from the surface of produced nanocomposite materials immersed in PBS solution has been estimated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS). The wettability and the surface free energy of samples were estimated on the base of contact angle studies with the use of water and diiodomethane. Among the studied surface-modified titanium alloy implants, the best nano-mechanical properties were noticed for the Ti6Al4V/TNT15/AgNPs composite. The location of silver nanoparticles inside of titania nanotubes caused their lowest release rate, which may indicate on suitable properties above mentioned type of the composite for the construction of implants with a long term of antimicrobial activity.
Temperature Measurement of Fluids Flow by Using a Focusing Schlieren Method
Authors: Martínez-González Adrián , Moreno-Hernández David , Guerrero-Viramontes J. Ascención , León-Rodríguez Miguel , Zamarripa-Ramírez J. Carlos I. , Carrillo-Delgado Cesar
Published: November 2018

In this work, we propose a method to measure planar temperature fields of fluids flow. We used a focusing schlieren technique together with a calibration procedure to fulfill such purpose. The focusing schlieren technique uses an off-axis circular illumination to reduce the depth of focus of the optical system. The calibration procedure is based on the relation of the intensity level of each pixel of a focused schlieren image to the corresponding cutoff grid position measured at the exit focal plane of the schlieren lens.  The method is applied to measure planar temperature fields of the hot air issuing from a 10 mm diameter nozzle of a commercial Hot Air Gun Soldering Station Welding. Our tests are carried out at different temperature values and different planes along the radial position of the nozzle of the Hot Air Gun Soldering Station Welding. The temperature values obtained experimentally are in agreed with those obtained with a thermocouple.
Bioremediation of Wastewaters from Local Textile Industries in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Ajao Abdullahi , Awe Sunday , Sulugambari Zulukarnain
Published: November 2018

The present study evaluates the bioremediation potential of indigenous bacterial species isolated from dye-contaminated soil samples from small dyeing outlet located in Ilorin. The water pollution index was estimated based on the physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal concentrations of the raw (Day 0) and treated textile wastewater such as pH, biochemical oxygen demand-5, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids and total dissolved solid with mean values of 8.85±0.45 mg/L, 1200±21.3 mg/L, 2440±31.3 mg/L, 1660±17.2 mg/L and 2650±28.1 mg/L respectively, similarly, Lead was the most abundant heavy metal detected in the sample while Cadmium concentration was the lowest with the mean values of 3.52±0.00 mg/L and 2.18±0.00 mg/L respectively. The bacterial strain with highest dye decolorization capacity was screened and identified as Bacillus licheniformis ZUL012.The isolate was consequently used for the bioremediation of the wastewater over a period of 10 days. The results showed an incredible reduction in the physiochemical characteristics and heavy metal concentrations of the textile wastewater in the following ranges (8.85-6.55), (1200-300) mg/L, (2440-518) mg/L, (1660-666) mg/L and (2650-920) mg/L with the highest removal efficiency of 75 %, 78 %, 60%, 65%, recorded for biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solid, total dissolved solid, respectively while that of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium and nickel were 80 %, 60 %, 67 %, 72 % reduction, respectively. Laccase and Azoreductase activities tend to decrease as the pH gradually moved towards acidic condition during the bioremediation process. Toxicity of the treated effluent was assessed using Maize and Bean seed germination test. Conclusively, these research findings can serve as a framework for the outlet design of wastewater treatment plant for local textile outlets.
Prediction of Confusion Attempting Algebra Homework in an Intelligent Tutoring System through Machine Learning Techniques for Educational Sustainable Development
Authors: Abidi Syed Muhammad Raza , Hussain Mushtaq , Xu Yonglin , Zhang Wu
Published: November 2018

Incorporating substantial sustainable development issues into teaching and learning is the ultimate task of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). The purpose of our study is to identify the confused students who have failed to master the skill(s) given by the tutors as a homework using Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS). We have focused ASSISTments, an ITS in this study and scrutinized the skill-builder data using machine learning techniques and methods. We used seven candidate models that include: Naïve Bayes (NB), Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Logistic Regression (LR), Deep Learning (DL), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), and Gradient Boosted Trees (XGBoost). We trained, validated and tested learning algorithms, performed stratified cross-validation and measured the performance of the models through various performance metrics i.e., ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic), Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F-Measure, Sensitivity & Specificity. We found GLM, DT & RF are high accuracies achieving classifiers. However, other perceptions such as detection of unexplored features that might be related to the forecasting of outputs can also boost the accuracy of the prediction model. Through machine learning methods, we identified the group of students which were confused attempting the homework exercise and can help students foster their knowledge, and talent to play a vital role in environmental development.
Capability of Remotely Sensed Drought Indices for Representing the Spatio–Temporal Variations of the Meteorological Droughts in the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Zongmin , Yang Haibo , Zhao Yong , Li Zhenhong , Wu Jiapeng
Published: November 2018

Due to the advantages of wide coverage and continuity, remotely sensed data are widely used for large-scale drought monitoring to compensate the deficiency and discontinuity of meteorological data. However, few researches have focused on the capability of various remotely sensed drought indices (RSDIs) for representing the spatio-temporal variations of the meteorological droughts. In this study, five RSDIs, namely Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI), Vegetation Health Index (VHI), Modified Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (MTVDI) and Normalized Vegetation Supply Water Index (NVSWI) were calculated using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) monthly NDVI and LST. The monthly NDVI and LST data were filtered by Savitzky-Golay (S-G) filtering method. Meteorological station-based drought index represented by Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was compared with RSDIs. And the dimensionless Skill Score (SS) method was adopted to identify the spatiotemporally optimal RSDIs for presenting the meteorological droughts in the Yellow River basin (YRB) from 2000 to 2015. The results indicated that (1) RSDIs revealed a decreasing trend to the overall YRB consistent with SPEI except for in winter, and different variations of seasonal trends spatially; (2) the optimal RSDIs in spring, summer, autumn and winter were VHI, TCI, MTVDI and VCI, respectively, and the average correlation coefficient between the RSDIs and SPEI was 0.577 (=0.05); (3) different RSDIs have a 0–3 months’ time-lags compared with meteorological drought index.
Drug Repurposing for Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection by Systems Biology Methods
Authors: Lv Bo-Min , Tong Xin-Yu , Quan Yuan , Liu Meng-Yuan , Zhang Qing-Ye , Song Yun-Feng , Zhang Hong-Yu
Published: November 2018

Japanese encephalitis is a zoonotic disease caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). It is mainly epidemic in Asia with an estimated 69,000 cases occurring per year. However, no approved agents are available for the treatment of JEV infection, and existing vaccines cannot resist various types of JEV strains. Drug repurposing is a new concept for finding new indication of existing drugs, and recently, it has been used to discover new antiviral agents. Identifying host proteins involved in the progress of JEV infection and using these proteins as targets are the center of drug repurposing for JEV infection. In this study, based on the gene expression data of JEV infection and the phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) data, we identified 286 genes participating in the progress of JEV infection using the systems biology methods. The enrichment analysis of these genes suggested that the genes identified by our methods were predominantly related to viral infection pathways and immune response-related pathways. We found that bortezomib which can target these genes may have potential effect on the treatment of JEV infection. Subsequently, we evaluated the antiviral activity of bortezomib using the JEV-infected mice model. The results showed that bortezomib can lower JEV-induced lethality in mice, alleviate suffering in JEV-infected mice and reduce the damage in brains caused by JEV infection. This work provides a new method for the development of antiviral agents.