bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A benchmark for evaluating Arabic word embedding models
Authors: Yagi Sane , Elnagar Ashraf , Fareh Shehdeh
Published: October 2022

Modelling the distributional semantics of such a morphologically rich language as Arabic needs to take into account its introflexive, fusional, and inflectional nature attributes that make up its combinatorial sequences and substitutional paradigms. To evaluate such word distributional models, the benchmarks that have been used thus far in Arabic have mimicked those in English. This paper reports on a benchmark that we designed to reflect linguistic patterns in both Contemporary Arabic and Classical Arabic, the first being a cover term for written and spoken Modern Standard Arabic, while the second for pre-modern Arabic. The analogy items we included in this benchmark are chosen in a transparent manner such that they would capture the major features of nouns and verbs; derivational and inflectional morphology; high-, middle-, and low-frequency patterns and lexical items; and morphosemantic, morphosyntactic, and semantic dimensions of the language. All categories included in this benchmark are carefully selected to ensure proper representation of the language. The benchmark consists of 45 roots of the trilateral, all-consonantal, and semivowel-inclusive types; six morphosemantic patterns (’af‘ala; ifta‘ala; infa‘ala; istaf‘ala; tafa‘‘ala; and tafā‘ala); five derivations (the verbal noun, active participle, and the contrasts in Masculine-Feminine; Feminine-Singular-Plural; Masculine-Singular-Plural); and morphosyntactic transformations (perfect and imperfect verbs conjugated for all pronouns); and lexical semantics (synonyms, antonyms, and hyponyms of nouns, verbs, and adjectives), as well as capital cities and currencies. All categories include an equal proportion of high-, medium-, and low-frequency items. For the purpose of validating the proposed benchmark, we developed a set of embedding models from different textual sources. Then, we tested them intrinsically using the proposed benchmark and extrinsically using two natural language processing tasks: Arabic Named Entity Recognition and Text Classification. The evaluation leads to the conclusion that the proposed benchmark is truly reflective of this morphologically rich language and discriminatory of word embeddings.
Hearing Epistemic Sound in Experimental (Music) Systems, 1958–73
Authors: Andersen Drake
Published: October 2022

From the late 1950s to the mid-1970s, American experimental musicians like Pauline Oliveros, David Tudor, and Gordon Mumma employed complex and idiosyncratic technological systems to produce and capture acoustic resonance for aesthetic appreciation. Although this shared exploration exhibited many of the hallmarks of a genuine research project, scholars of experimental music have long been wary of claims that there is anything particularly scientific about this music, frequently comparing its informality unfavorably with the rigor and empiricism of the individual scientific experiment. However, historian of science Hans-Jörg Rheinberger has long held that the fundamental working unit of scientific research is not the individual experiment, but what he terms the experimental system: The loose coherence of objects, instruments, and technologies through which research questions are materialized over time. I argue that Rheinberger's framework of the experimental system offers a compelling way of understanding the experimentation that catalyzed the emergence of what has come to be known as “resonance aesthetics” in American experimental music. By focusing on the material links of musicians’ activities, the experimental system illuminates how knowledge was produced and circulated within and between vastly different musical performances. Rheinberger's characterization of successful research also informs a more nuanced conception of virtuosity in experimental music. Finally, this framework is an opportunity to re-evaluate the status of sound as an object of epistemological inquiry, akin to what Rheinberger describes as an “epistemic thing.” In theorizing epistemic sound as both contextual and emergent, I re-evaluate musicians’ approaches to spontaneity and improvisation in musical performance.
Impact of dielectric substrates on chipless RFID tag performance
Authors: Ali Amjad , Smartt Christopher , Im Jisun , Williams Orla , Lester Ed , Greedy Steve
Published: October 2022

A five-slot hexagonal shape chipless RFID tag is designed, simulated, and manufactured on FR4 substrate. The designed tag's copper geometry was replicated on a wide range of dielectric substrate to quantify the impact on resonance quality factor (RQF) and resonating frequencies. The tag's performance was assessed in three configurations. First, a hexagonal shape tag's radar cross section (RCS) was studied over different dielectric substrates. The various dielectric substrate effects were investigated over the maximum read range, resonant frequencies and RQF. In the second evaluation, the physical geometry of the tag was adjusted to achieve the spectral signatures in 2–7 GHz frequency band with high RQF. In step three, the optimized tag geometry was manufactured on FR4, Roger Duroid 5880, and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrates. Denford milling machine for PCB engraving and inkjet printing for silver nanoparticles deposition were used for tags manufacturing. During tag manufacturing, copper and silver were used as conducting materials for RCS backscattering. The tag RCS response was measured by vector network analyzer with bi-static antenna setup. The analysis of different dielectric substrate provides a pathway of designing a novel substrate by using various nanomaterials.
Tsunami Early Warning From Global Navigation Satellite System Data Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Rim Donsub , Baraldi Robert , Liu Christopher M. , LeVeque Randall J. , Terada Kenjiro
Published: October 2022

We investigate the potential of using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations to directly forecast full tsunami waveforms in real time. We train convolutional neural networks to use less than 9 min of GNSS data to forecast the full tsunami waveforms over 6 hr at select locations, and obtain accurate forecasts on a test data set. Our training and test data consists of synthetic earthquakes and associated GNSS data generated for the Cascadia Subduction Zone using the MudPy software, and corresponding tsunami waveforms in Puget Sound computed using GeoClaw. We use the same suite of synthetic earthquakes and waveforms as in earlier work where tsunami waveforms were used for forecasting, and provide a comparison. We also explore varying the number of GNSS stations, their locations, and their observation durations.
Thermocline Salinity Minima Due To Wind‐Driven Differential Advection
Authors: Chrysagi Evridiki , Basdurak N. Berkay , Umlauf Lars , Gräwe Ulf , Burchard Hans
Published: October 2022

Observations from the global ocean have long confirmed the ubiquity of thermohaline inversions in the upper ocean, often accompanied by a clear signal in biogeochemical properties. Their emergence has been linked to different processes such as double diffusion, mesoscale stirring, frontal subduction, and the recently discussed submesoscale features. This study uses the central Baltic Sea as a natural laboratory to explore the formation of salinity inversions in the thermocline region during summer. We use realistic high‐resolution simulations complemented by field observations to identify the dominant generation mechanism and potential hotspots of their emergence. We propose that the strongly stratified thermocline can host distinct salinity minima during summer conditions resulting primarily from the interaction between lateral surface salinity gradients and wind‐induced differential advection. Since this is a generic mechanism, such salinity inversions can likely constitute a typical feature of the upper ocean in regions with distinct thermoclines and shallow mixed layers.
Cntnap2-dependent molecular networks in autism spectrum disorder revealed through an integrative multi-omics analysis
Authors: Jang Wooyoung Eric , Park Ji Hwan , Park Gaeun , Bang Geul , Na Chan Hyun , Kim Jin Young , Kim Kwang-Youl , Kim Kwang Pyo , Shin Chan Young , An Joon-Yong , Lee Yong-Seok , Kim Min-Sik
Published: October 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a major neurodevelopmental disorder in which patients present with core symptoms of social communication impairment, restricted interest, and repetitive behaviors. Although various studies have been performed to identify ASD-related mechanisms, ASD pathology is still poorly understood. CNTNAP2 genetic variants have been found that represent ASD genetic risk factors, and disruption of Cntnap2 expression has been associated with ASD phenotypes in mice. In this study, we performed an integrative multi-omics analysis by combining quantitative proteometabolomic data obtained with Cntnap2 knockout (KO) mice with multi-omics data obtained from ASD patients and forebrain organoids to elucidate Cntnap2-dependent molecular networks in ASD. To this end, a mass spectrometry-based proteometabolomic analysis of the medial prefrontal cortex in Cntnap2 KO mice led to the identification of Cntnap2-associated molecular features, and these features were assessed in combination with multi-omics data obtained on the prefrontal cortex in ASD patients to identify bona fide ASD cellular processes. Furthermore, a reanalysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data obtained from forebrain organoids derived from patients with CNTNAP2-associated ASD revealed that the aforementioned identified ASD processes were mainly linked to excitatory neurons. On the basis of these data, we constructed Cntnap2-associated ASD network models showing mitochondrial dysfunction, axonal impairment, and synaptic activity. Our results may shed light on the Cntnap2-dependent molecular networks in ASD.
Antidepressants for the treatment of adults with major depressive disorder in the maintenance phase: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Kishi Taro , Ikuta Toshikazu , Sakuma Kenji , Okuya Makoto , Hatano Masakazu , Matsuda Yuki , Iwata Nakao
Published: October 2022

A systematic review and random-effects model network meta-analysis were conducted to compare the efficacy, acceptability, tolerability, and safety of antidepressants to treat adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) in the maintenance phase. This study searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases and included only double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials with an enrichment design: patients were stabilized on the antidepressant of interest during the open-label study and then randomized to receive the same antidepressant or placebo. The outcomes were the 6-month relapse rate (primary outcome, efficacy), all-cause discontinuation (acceptability), discontinuation due to adverse events (tolerability), and the incidence of individual adverse events. The risk ratio with a 95% credible interval was calculated. The meta-analysis comprised 34 studies (n = 9384, mean age = 43.80 years, and %females = 68.10%) on 20 antidepressants (agomelatine, amitriptyline, bupropion, citalopram, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, levomilnacipran, milnacipran, mirtazapine, nefazodone, paroxetine, reboxetine, sertraline, tianeptine, venlafaxine, vilazodone, and vortioxetine) and a placebo. In terms of the 6-month relapse rate, amitriptyline, citalopram, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, mirtazapine, nefazodone, paroxetine, reboxetine, sertraline, tianeptine, venlafaxine, and vortioxetine outperformed placebo. Compared to placebo, desvenlafaxine, paroxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine, and vortioxetine had lower all-cause discontinuation; however, sertraline had a higher discontinuation rate due to adverse events. Compared to placebo, venlafaxine was associated with a lower incidence of dizziness, while desvenlafaxine, sertraline, and vortioxetine were associated with a higher incidence of nausea/vomiting. In conclusion, desvenlafaxine, paroxetine, venlafaxine, and vortioxetine had reasonable efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability in the treatment of adults with stable MDD.
Genome-wide association study meta-analysis of suicide death and suicidal behavior
Authors: Li Qingqin S. , Shabalin Andrey A. , DiBlasi Emily , Gopal Srihari , Canuso Carla M. ,   FinnGen, International Suicide Genetics Consortium, Palotie Aarno , Drevets Wayne C. , Docherty Anna R. , Coon Hilary
Published: October 2022

Suicide is a worldwide health crisis. We aimed to identify genetic risk variants associated with suicide death and suicidal behavior. Meta-analysis for suicide death was performed using 3765 cases from Utah and matching 6572 controls of European ancestry. Meta-analysis for suicidal behavior using data across five cohorts (n = 8315 cases and 256,478 psychiatric or populational controls of European ancestry) was also performed. One locus in neuroligin 1 (NLGN1) passing the genome-wide significance threshold for suicide death was identified (top SNP rs73182688, withp = 5.48 × 10−8before andp = 4.55 × 10−8after mtCOJO analysis conditioning on MDD to remove genetic effects on suicide mediated by MDD). Conditioning on suicidal attempts did not significantly change the association strength (p = 6.02 × 10−8), suggesting suicide death specificity.NLGN1encodes a member of a family of neuronal cell surface proteins. Members of this family act as splice site-specific ligands for beta-neurexins and may be involved in synaptogenesis. The NRXN-NLGN pathway was previously implicated in suicide, autism, and schizophrenia. We additionally identifiedROBO2andZNF28associations with suicidal behavior in the meta-analysis across five cohorts in gene-based association analysis using MAGMA. Lastly, we replicated two loci including variants nearSOX5andLOC101928519associated with suicidal attempts identified in the ISGC and MVP meta-analysis using the independent FinnGen samples. Suicide death and suicidal behavior showed positive genetic correlations with depression, schizophrenia, pain, and suicidal attempt, and negative genetic correlation with educational attainment. These correlations remained significant after conditioning on depression, suggesting pleiotropic effects among these traits. Bidirectional generalized summary-data-based Mendelian randomization analysis suggests that genetic risk for the suicidal attempt and suicide death are both bi-directionally causal for MDD.
A small molecule inhibitor of the UBE2F-CRL5 axis induces apoptosis and radiosensitization in lung cancer
Authors: Xu Tiantian , Ma Qisheng , Li Yanan , Yu Qing , Pan Peichen , Zheng Yawen , Li Zhijian , Xiong Xiufang , Hou Tingjun , Yu Bin , Liu Hongmin , Sun Yi
Published: October 2022

Protein neddylation is catalyzed by a neddylation activating enzyme (NAE, E1), an E2 conjugating enzyme, and an E3 ligase. In various types of human cancers, the neddylation pathway is abnormally activated. Our previous study validated that the neddylation E2 UBE2F is a promising therapeutic target in lung cancer. Although the NAE inhibitor MLN4924/pevonedistat is currently under clinical investigation as an anti-cancer agent, there are no small molecules available that selectively target UBE2F. Here, we report, for the first time, the discovery, via structure-based virtual screen and chemical optimization, of such a small molecule, designated as HA-9104. HA-9104 binds to UBE2F, reduces its protein levels, and consequently inhibits cullin-5 neddylation. Blockage of cullin-5 neddylation inactivates cullin-RING ligase-5 (CRL5) activity, leading to accumulation of the CRL5 substrate, NOXA, to induce apoptosis. Moreover, HA-9104 appears to form the DNA adduct via its 7-azaindole group to induce DNA damage and G2/M arrest. Biologically, HA-9104 effectively suppresses the growth and survival of lung cancer cells and confers radiosensitization in both in vitro cell culture and in vivo xenograft tumor models. In summary, we discovered a small molecule, designated HA-9104, that targets the UBE2F-CRL5 axis with anti-cancer activity alone or in combination with radiation.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-21a-5p alleviates renal fibrosis by attenuating glycolysis by targeting PFKM
Authors: Xu Shihao , Cheuk Yin Celeste , Jia Yichen , Chen Tian , Chen Juntao , Luo Yongsheng , Cao Yirui , Guo Jingjing , Dong Lijun , Zhang Yi , Shi Yi , Rong Ruiming
Published: October 2022

Renal fibrosis is a common pathological feature and outcome of almost all chronic kidney diseases, and it is characterized by metabolic reprogramming toward aerobic glycolysis. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have been proposed as a promising therapeutic approach for renal fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of MSC-Exos on glycolysis and the underlying mechanisms. We demonstrated that MSC-Exos significantly ameliorated unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO)-induced renal fibrosis by inhibiting glycolysis in tubular epithelial cells (TECs). miRNA sequencing showed that miR-21a-5p was highly enriched in MSC-Exos. Mechanistically, miR-21a-5p repressed the expression of phosphofructokinase muscle isoform (PFKM), a rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis, thereby attenuating glycolysis in TECs. Additionally, knockdown of miR-21a-5p abolished the renoprotective effect of MSC-Exos. These findings revealed a novel role for MSC-Exos in the suppression of glycolysis, providing a new insight into the treatment of renal fibrosis.
PDCL2 is essential for spermiogenesis and male fertility in mice
Authors: Li Minyan , Chen Yuxi , Ou Jianping , Huang Junjiu , Zhang Xiya
Published: October 2022

Patients with teratozoospermia exhibit low phosducin-like protein (Pdcl2) expression. As a member of the phosducin family, chaperonin-related Pdcl2, a germline-specific gene, may be involved in germ cell protein folding. Given that PDCL2 is highly conserved in evolution, it may be indispensable for mammalian spermiogenesis; however, the function of PDCL2 in higher mammalian species remains unknown. To determine the role of PDCL2 in male fertility, we generated Pdcl2 knockout mice using CRISPR/Cas9. Our results revealed that Pdcl2 heterozygous (Pdcl2+/−) male mice were normal, but male Pdcl2-null (Pdcl2−/−) mice were infertile. Accordingly, Pdcl2−/− male mice exhibited lower testis weight, epididymis weight, and sperm number than Pdcl2+/+ mice. Moreover, Pdcl2−/− mice displayed malformed and immotile sperm. Apoptotic cells were significantly enhanced in Pdcl2−/− testes and epididymis when compared with those in wild-type mice. Mechanistically, PDCL2 can interact with the CCT complex, and dysfunction in this complex might lead to infertility in Pdcl2−/− male mice. Collectively, these findings confirm that Pdcl2 knockout leads to male infertility in mice and that PDCL2 may function as a chaperone to promote protein folding during spermiogenesis.
Hydrodynamic conditions affect the proteomic profile of marine biofilms formed by filamentous cyanobacterium
Authors: Romeu Maria J. , Domínguez-Pérez Dany , Almeida Daniela , Morais João , Araújo Mário J. , Osório Hugo , Campos Alexandre , Vasconcelos Vítor , Mergulhão Filipe J.
Published: October 2022

Proteomic studies on cyanobacterial biofilms can be an effective approach to unravel metabolic pathways involved in biofilm formation and, consequently, obtain more efficient biofouling control strategies. Biofilm development by the filamentous cyanobacterium Toxifilum sp. LEGE 06021 was evaluated on different surfaces, glass and perspex, and at two significant shear rates for marine environments (4 s−1 and 40 s−1). Higher biofilm development was observed at 4 s−1. Overall, about 1877 proteins were identified, and differences in proteome were more noticeable between hydrodynamic conditions than those found between surfaces. Twenty Differentially Expressed Proteins (DEPs) were found between 4 s−1 vs. 40 s−1. On glass, some of these DEPs include phage tail proteins, a carotenoid protein, cyanophynase glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase, and the MoaD/ThiS family protein, while on perspex, DEPs include transketolase, dihydroxy-acid dehydratase, iron ABC transporter substrate-binding protein and protein NusG. This study contributes to developing a standardized protocol for proteomic analysis of filamentous cyanobacterial biofilms. This kind of proteomic analysis can also be useful for different research fields, given the broad spectrum of promising secondary metabolites and added-value compounds produced by cyanobacteria, as well as for the development of new antibiofilm strategies.
Chromosomal inversion polymorphisms shape the genomic landscape of deer mice
Authors: Harringmeyer Olivia S. , Hoekstra Hopi E.
Published: October 2022

Chromosomal inversions are an important form of structural variation that can affect recombination, chromosome structure and fitness. However, because inversions can be challenging to detect, the prevalence and hence the significance of inversions segregating within species remains largely unknown, especially in natural populations of mammals. Here, by combining population-genomic and long-read sequencing analyses in a single, widespread species of deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), we identified 21 polymorphic inversions that are large (1.5–43.8 Mb) and cause near-complete suppression of recombination when heterozygous (0–0.03 cM Mb−1). We found that inversion breakpoints frequently occur in centromeric and telomeric regions and are often flanked by long inverted repeats (0.5–50 kb), suggesting that they probably arose via ectopic recombination. By genotyping inversions in populations across the species’ range, we found that the inversions are often widespread and do not harbour deleterious mutational loads, and many are likely to be maintained as polymorphisms by divergent selection. Comparisons of forest and prairie ecotypes of deer mice revealed 13 inversions that contribute to differentiation between populations, of which five exhibit significant associations with traits implicated in local adaptation. Taken together, these results show that inversion polymorphisms have a significant impact on recombination, genome structure and genetic diversity in deer mice and likely facilitate local adaptation across the widespread range of this species.
Materials analysis and image-based modelling of transmissibility and strain behaviour in approved face mask microstructures
Authors: Rasekh Manoochehr , Pisapia Francesca , Howkins Ashley , Rees David
Published: October 2022

Comparisons are made between six different approved face masks concerning their particle transmissibility allied to mechanical properties. The latter involves material testing and stretch or strain behaviour under load. SEM and X-ray elemental analyses showed contrasting structures between random and ordered fibre orientations. These constitute the mask designs where transmissibility is to be minimised. Airflow velocity measurement enabled filtration to be measured between the different mask designs, from two to six layers of different fabrics in combination. SEM provided the fibre diameter and pore size of each mask layer, up to a maximum of six. Stretching each complete mask showed its elasticity and recovery behaviour on an energy basis. The energy conversion involved in mask straining involves areas enclosed within steady and cyclic load-extension plots. Thus, the work done in extending a mask and the energy recovered from its release identified a hysteresis associated with an irrecoverable permanent stretch to the mask fabric. Failure of individual layers, which occurred successively in extended stretch tests, appeared as a drop in a load-extension response. That change is associated with permanent damage to each mask and friction contact within the rearrangement of loose fibre weaves. Masks with the greatest number of layers reduced particle transmissibility. However, woven or ordered mask fabrics in two layers with different orientations provided comparable performance. Simulation of each mechanical response, velocity streamlining and fibre distribution within the mask layers are also presented.
Narrow-band power dividers with wide range tunable power-dividing ratio
Authors: Zarghami Sepehr , Hayati Mohsen
Published: October 2022

This paper presents two narrow-band power dividers with a wide range power-dividing ratio based on the two new controlling insertion loss methods, which are low-impedance line and coupling capacitor. Initially, a narrow-band BPF is designed based on the equivalent circuit model and LC equivalent circuit. Then, using the surface current density, it is determined by which part of BPF structure the insertion loss (IL) can be controlled at center frequency. The tunable Wilkinson power dividers (TWPDs) are designed based on IL control components to create a wide range of power-dividing ratios, using only two DC voltages. The center frequency of first designed TWPD is 2.5 GHz, and the power-dividing ratio can be controlled up to 1:45 by variation of two DC voltages from 0 to 8 V. Since the structure of TWPDs are symmetric, the inverse voltages results in the inverted divided power between the output ports. The center frequency of second designed TWPD is 2.52 GHz, and power-dividing ratio can be controlled up to 1:134 by variation of two DC voltages from 1.7 to 4 V. Two proposed TWPDs are fabricated and measured. Comparisons of the measured and simulated results are presented to verify the theoretical predictions.
Angiotensin II type-1 receptor-associated protein interacts with transferrin receptor-1 and promotes its internalization
Authors: Abe Eriko , Yamashita Akio , Hirota Keigo , Yamaji Takahiro , Azushima Kengo , Urate Shingo , Suzuki Toru , Tanaka Shohei , Taguchi Shinya , Tsukamoto Shunichiro , Uehara Tatsuki , Wakui Hiromichi , Tamura Kouichi , Takahashi Hidehisa
Published: October 2022

Kidney fibrosis is a common pathway that leads to chronic kidney disease. Angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1R)-associated protein (ATRAP) was originally identified as an AT1R-binding protein. Previously, we reported that systemic knockout of ATRAP exacerbates kidney fibrosis in aged mice. Although these effects of ATRAP appeared to be AT1R-independent actions, the molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of ATRAP independent of AT1R, we explored novel ATRAP-interacting proteins. Mass spectrometric analysis of the immunoprecipitants of a Flag-tagged ATRAP complex revealed 376 candidate proteins that potentially interact with ATRAP. Gene ontology analysis revealed that proteins related to vesicle trafficking, membrane transport, and many membrane proteins, including transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), were enriched. Because TfR1 promotes cellular iron uptake and iron is a key factor involved in kidney fibrosis, we focused on TfR1 and confirmed that it interacts with ATRAP. In addition, our findings revealed that enhanced ATRAP expression decreased cell-surface TfR1 expression without altering the overall cellular TfR1 expression levels. Furthermore, enhanced ATRAP expression attenuated cellular iron levels. Together, our results highlight the role of ATRAP as a suppressor of TfR1 that functions by facilitating TfR1 internalization, which affects iron metabolism and oxidative stress signaling.
Changes in metamorphopsia following intravitreal aflibercept injection for diabetic macular edema
Authors: Murakami Tomoya , Okamoto Fumiki , Sugiura Yoshimi , Morikawa Shohei , Okamoto Yoshifumi , Hiraoka Takahiro , Oshika Tetsuro
Published: October 2022

The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in metamorphopsia in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) following intravitreal aflibercept injection (IVA) with the treat and extend (TAE) regimen for a year. We performed a post hoc analysis of a multicenter, open-label, single-arm, prospective study. The study included 20 patients with DME. All eyes received 3 monthly loading injections of 2 mg aflibercept, followed by a TAE regimen. Every visit, the severity of metamorphopsia and the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were evaluated, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were obtained. The severity of metamorphopsia was measured using M-CHARTS. The metamorphopsia scores before treatment and at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months following treatment were 0.25 ± 0.23, 0.21 ± 0.15, 0.19 ± 0.23, 0.14 ± 0.16, 0.17 ± 0.20 and 0.10 ± 0.17, respectively, with significant improvement from before treatment to 3 and 12 months following treatment (p < 0.05 and p < 0.005, respectively). At the time of macular edema resolution, the presence of an epiretinal membrane (ERM) was associated with the metamorphopsia score (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the metamorphopsia score in patients with DME improved following IVA with the TAE regimen for one year. The presence of ERM was associated with the metamorphopsia score.
Kir2.1 dysfunction at the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum causes arrhythmias in a mouse model of Andersen–Tawil syndrome type 1
Authors: Macías Álvaro , González-Guerra Andrés , Moreno-Manuel Ana I. , Cruz Francisco M. , Gutiérrez Lilian K. , García-Quintáns Nieves , Roche-Molina Marta , Bermúdez-Jiménez Francisco , Andrés Vicente , Vera-Pedrosa María Linarejos , Martínez-Carrascoso Isabel , Bernal Juan A. , Jalife José
Published: October 2022

Andersen–Tawil syndrome type 1 (ATS1) is associated with life-threatening arrhythmias of unknown mechanism. In this study, we generated and characterized a mouse model of ATS1 carrying the trafficking-deficient mutant Kir2.1Δ314-315 channel. The mutant mouse recapitulates the electrophysiological phenotype of ATS1, with QT prolongation exacerbated by flecainide or isoproterenol, drug-induced QRS prolongation, increased vulnerability to reentrant arrhythmias and multifocal discharges resembling catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Kir2.1Δ314-315 cardiomyocytes display significantly reduced inward rectifier K+ and Na+ currents, depolarized resting membrane potential and prolonged action potentials. We show that, in wild-type mouse cardiomyocytes and skeletal muscle cells, Kir2.1 channels localize to sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) microdomains, contributing to intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Kir2.1Δ314-315 cardiomyocytes exhibit defective SR Kir2.1 localization and function, as intact and permeabilized Kir2.1Δ314-315 cardiomyocytes display abnormal spontaneous Ca2+ release events. Overall, defective Kir2.1 channel function at the sarcolemma and the SR explain the life-threatening arrhythmias in ATS1 and its overlap with CPVT.
Defined metal atom aggregates precisely incorporated into metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Kollmannsberger Kathrin L. , Kronthaler Laura , Jinschek Joerg R. , Fischer Roland A.
Published: October 2022

Nanosized metal aggregates, including metal nanoparticles and nanoclusters, are often the active species in numerous applications. For maintaining the active form of MAs in use, they need to be anchored and stabilised, preventing agglomeration.
Reduced graphene oxide-supported CuO nanoparticles with synergistically enhanced electrocatalytic activity for nitric oxide sensing
Authors: Li Hongmei , Xie Bo , Hu Chunqiong , Liu Mengyao , Xiao Dan
Published: October 2022

This work reports a NO electrochemical sensor based on rGO/CuO composites with excellent electrochemical performance.
A colorimetric chemical tongue detects and distinguishes between multiple analytes
Authors: Lim Francis Buan Hong , Lei Tingjun , Fernandez Gabriella , Lopez Nicole , Chu Andre-Lorenz , Valiente Allan , Nagesetti Abhignyan , Nelson Andy , Schmidt Kerstin , Chang Ta Chen , Piloto Obdulio , Cheong Ian
Published: October 2022

The very photoinitiators used to polymerize hydrogels can react with analytes to produce distinctive colorimetric profiles.
Enzyme-instructed morphology transformation of mitochondria-targeting peptide for the selective eradication of osteosarcoma
Authors: Jeena M. T. , Jin Seongeon , Jana Batakrishna , Ryu Ja-Hyoung
Published: October 2022

Enzyme instructed morphology transformation for selective cancer therapy. Due to the response of alkaline phosphatase, micelle was disassembled into a monomer, it internalized to the cell and induced mitochondrial dysfunction through self-assembly.
Radiative emission of polaritons controlled by light-induced geometric phase
Authors: Fábri Csaba , Halász Gábor J. , Cederbaum Lorenz S. , Vibók Ágnes
Published: October 2022

Polaritons – hybrid light-matter states formed in cavity – strongly change the properties of the underlying matter.
Cu-catalyzed efficient construction of S (Se)-containing functional organosilicon compounds
Authors: Wang Fei , Chen Ying , Rao Weidong , Shen Shu-Su , Wang Shun-Yi
Published: October 2022

A Cu-catalyzed cascade reaction of four-membered silacyclobutanes (SCBs) and thiosulfonates to construct S (Se)-containing organosilicon compounds is described.
One-pot synthesis of 3-trifluoromethylbenzo[b][1,4]oxazines from CF3-imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides with 2-bromophenols
Authors: Pan Mingshi , Tong Yixin , Qiu Xiaodong , Zeng Xiaobao , Xiong Biao
Published: October 2022

A one-pot two-step fashion for the synthesis of 3-trifluoromethyl-1,4-benzoxazines from CF3-imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides and 2-bromophenols via lithium-bromide-promoted O–H insertion of sulfoxonium ylides and annulation has been demonstrated.
Click chemistry for fluorescence imaging via combination of a BODIPY-based ‘turn-on’ probe and a norbornene glucosamine
Authors: He Zhiyong , Ishizuka Takumi , Hishikawa Yoshitaka , Xu Yan
Published: October 2022

In the present study, we synthesized a novel near-infrared turn-on BODIPY probe and a new norbornene-modified glucosamine derivative.
Inhibition of CaCO3growth and synthesis of submicron particles by preferential adsorption of additive Ca2+ions on fresh precipitates
Authors: Majekodunmi Olukayode T. , Kilic Sevgi , Ozdemir Ekrem
Published: October 2022

Method to inhibit CaCO3growth and synthesize submicron particles in a chemical precipitation process under ambient and high supersaturation conditions.
Modulating defective oxygen of Co-based crystals by calcination temperature control for improving the catalytic removal of propane
Authors: Wang Mei , Qi Lei , Li Xinheng
Published: October 2022

Oxygen vacancies of Co3O4 crystals are modulated by calcination temperature control and an oxygen defect-rich Co3O4 catalyst exhibits a 90 % propane removal at 170 °C under given conditions.
Retraction: Citrus fruits as source of novel bioactive peptides: in-vitro and in-silico analysis of atheroprotective potentials
Authors: Salekeen Rahagir , Akhter Fouzia , Islam Md. Emdadul , Rahman S. M. Mahbubur , Billah Md Morsaline , Islam Kazi Mohammed Didarul
Published: October 2022

Retraction of ‘Citrus fruits as source of novel bioactive peptides: in-vitro and in-silico analysis of atheroprotective potentials’ by Rahagir Salekeen et al., Food Funct., 2022, Accepted Manuscript, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2FO01129H.
Synthesis of isocyanate-free polyurethane concocting multiple cyclic carbonates catalysed by a new microporous zinc phosphonate via CO2 fixation
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sudip , Chongdar Sayantan , Modak Arindam , Bhanja Piyali , Jena Bikash Kumar , Bhaumik Asim
Published: October 2022

A new zinc phosphonate catalyst for the synthesis of tetra-cyclic carbonates, carbamates and polyurethanes using CO2 as C1 source is reported.
Cucurbit[6]uril supported β-Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles as a heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of quinazolines via acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols with nitriles
Authors: Verma Shruti , Kujur Shelly , Sharma Richa , Pathak Devendra D.
Published: October 2022

Synthesis of a series of quinazolines using β-Ni(OH)2-CB[6] as a heterogeneous nanocatalyst.
Design and synthesis of high-energy-density heterostructure Na0.7MnO2–Li4Mn5O12 cathode material for advanced lithium batteries
Authors: Gu Xiujuan , Cai Yanjun , Yao Xiang , Tian Hualing , Su Zhi
Published: October 2022

The construction of the heterostructure, 0.6Na0.7MnO2–0.4Li4Mn5O12, can form a synergistic effect, which exhibits superior high-rate capability and excellent cycle performance.
Solvent free synthesis of organoselenides under green conditions
Authors: Dutta Soumya , Saha Amit , Ranu Brindaban C.
Published: October 2022

Solvent free synthesis of organoselenium compounds using conventional heating, microwave irradiation, ball milling, and photo-induction is discussed.
Solution processed, vertically stacked hetero-structured diodes based on liquid-exfoliated WS2 nanosheets: from electrode-limited to bulk-limited behavior
Authors: Liu Shixin , Ding Er-Xiong , Kelly Adam G. , Doolan Luke , Gabbett Cian , Kaur Harneet , Munuera Jose , Carey Tian , Garcia James , Coleman Jonathan N.
Published: October 2022

Solution-processed vertical metal–semiconductor-metal devices are fabricated with liquid-exfoliated tungsten disulfide nanosheets, which exhibit bulk- or electrode-limited behaviors depending on the details of the top electrode.
Rationalization of the sub-surface segregation in nanoalloys of weakly miscible metals
Authors: Goyhenex Christine
Published: October 2022

Numerical simulations reveal distinct dominant driving forces for sub-surface segregation in nanoalloys of weakly miscible metals with similar equilibrium structures and different lattice mismatches.
5-Fluoro-1,2,3-triazole motif in peptides and its electronic properties
Authors: Laxio Arenas José , Retailleau Pascal , Gillet Jean-Michel , Ghermani Nour-Eddine , Ongeri Sandrine , Crousse Benoît
Published: October 2022

The 5-fluoro triazole amino acid has been prepared by halogen exchange between the 5-iodo triazole and fluoride salts and incorporated in peptides. X-ray crystallography reveals a cylindrical shape in its deformation electron density.
Dendritic polyphenylene AIEgens: fluorescence detection of explosives and stimulus-responsive luminescence
Authors: Liu Xindong , Wang Yitong , Liu Xiaoqing , Liu Sheng , Li Yifan , Wang Lei , Liu Yi
Published: October 2022

Dendritic AIEgens with polyphenylene peripherals and TPE luminescent core had shown detection capability to picric acid and tunable response to external stimulus.
Hierarchical layered nickel–iron double hydroxide/carbon nanotube fiber electrode for constructing asymmetric fiber supercapacitor
Authors: Geng Hao , Song Yuanqiang , Luo Wei , Zhou Yan , Li Yali
Published: October 2022

A flexible fiber supercapacitor assembled using well-matched Ni–Fe LDH@CNTF and RuO2@CNTF fiber electrodes exhibited favorable energy and power combinations, providing a promising solution to the demands for power sources for flexible electronics.
Chronic allergic asthma alters m6A epitranscriptomic tagging of mRNAs and lncRNAs in the lung
Authors: Ni Xiuqin , Li Xing , Hu Bing , Wang Li
Published: October 2022

To evaluate the role of m6A methylation of mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in chronic allergic asthma. Transcriptome-wide N6-methyladenosine (m6A) changes in BALB/c mice were profiled using immunoprecipitated methylated RNAs with microarrays in lung with chronic allergic asthma. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG analyses were conducted. Target genes were verified by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Specifically, the mRNA levels of m6A writers (METTL3, METTL14, and WTAP), and readers and erasers (FTO and ALKBH5) were estimated by real-time PCR analysis, using the SYBR-green method. IL17RB mRNA was also evaluated by PCR. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed that the airway and lung tissues in mice in the asthma group had extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells around the bronchioles, blood vessels, and alveoli. The lungs of those allergic asthma mice showed altered m6A epitranscriptome, whereby 1369 mRNAs and 176 lncRNAs were hypermethylated, and 197 mRNAs and 30 lncRNAs were hypomethylated (>1.5-fold vs control). Also, compared with the control group, IL17RB mRNA in lung of the asthmatic group was significantly hypermethylated (P<0.01). In the asthma group, the mRNA and the protein level of METTL14 (the key methyltransferase) and ALKBH5 (the major demethyltransferase) were significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.01). Chronic allergic asthma alters the lung m6A epitranscriptome, suggesting functional implications in the pathophysiology of refractory asthma. Data support methylated IL17RB mRNA possibly becoming a new therapeutic target for chronic allergic asthma.
A hierarchical approach for P2P energy trading considering community energy storage and PV‐enriched system operator
Authors: Gokcek Tayfur , Sengor Ibrahim , Hayes Barry P. , Erdinc Ozan
Published: October 2022

The requirements to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and minimize harmful emissions necessitate using renewable energy more effectively. In this regard, a Peer‐to‐Peer (P2P) energy trading market in which excess power is sold to neighbors is emerging in place of the typical market where excess power is sold back to the grid. In this study, a bi‐level optimal bidding strategy is proposed in which community energy storage systems (CES) and community photovoltaic (CPV) generation are considered. Moreover, individual PV and CES are taken into account for each household. While optimal scheduling of prosumers is carried out at the lower level, the local clearing price considering the profit of Energy Sharing Provider (ESP) is obtained at the upper level. Furthermore, various case studies consisting of Peer‐to‐Grid (P2G), P2P, and CES‐supported P2P are created under different storage capacities. The devised mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) based model is tested using each case study, validating the proposed model and proving its effectiveness.
A physics‐informed learning technique for fault location of DC microgrids using traveling waves
Authors: Paruthiyil Sajay Krishnan , Bidram Ali , Reno Matthew J.
Published: October 2022

Fast and accurate fault location in DC power systems is of particular importance to ensure their reliable operation. One of the approaches for implementing a fast‐tripping protection scheme is to use Traveling waves (TW) initiated by a fault scenario. This paper proposes a physics‐informed machine learning approach that utilizes TWs for fault location in DC microgrids. TWs are extracted by the so‐called multiresolution analysis which identifies the TW's wavelet coefficients for multiple frequency ranges. This paper deploys Parseval's theorem to find the energy of wavelet coefficients as a quantitative metric for describing TWs. The hypothesis of this paper is that once the Parseval energy curves for a specific cable are extracted, they can be utilized to locate faults along with that cable regardless of the DC system in which the cable is deployed. The fault location algorithm uses Parseval energy curves to train a Gaussian Process (GP) estimator. With the Parseval energy values of measured current at the protection device location, the GP estimator is able to estimate fault locations with high accuracy. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by simulating a DC microgrid system in PSCAD/EMTDC.
Multiple discharges before leader inception in long air gaps under positive switching impulses
Authors: Zhao Xiangen , Lee Juhyeong , Liu Gang , Jia Lei , Liu Yang , He Junjia , Du Yaping
Published: October 2022

There are multiple corona bursts before leader inception when the rising rate of the applied voltage or electric field is not sufficiently high enough in long positive sparks. In existing studies, no attention has been paid to whether these corona bursts occur in the same location, and they are mostly considered directly as belonging to the same discharge. However, this paper presents that in a typical rod‐plate long air gap, the multiple corona bursts before leader inception are distributed in at least two different locations, and the highest probability of three discharges occurs. Also, the discharge occurs with the highest probability in the time sequence ‘tip‐tip‐side‐tip‐other side’ of the electrode in the first five corona bursts. For each discharge, the first corona current is a single, double exponential pulse, while the following corona currents are mostly a superposition of multiple pulses. The above findings are mainly based on experiments in a 1.4 m air gap under positive switching impulses, in which the voltage, current, and high‐speed images were recorded simultaneously. Finally, based on the experimental results, this paper discusses the effects brought by ignoring the multiple discharges on key parameters of leader inception and makes some suggestions to optimise long spark experiments.
Dynamically adaptive adjustment loss function biased towards few‐class learning
Authors: Liu Guoqi , Bai Lu , Li Junlin , Li Xusheng , Ru Linyuan , Chang Baofang
Published: October 2022

Convolution neural networks have been widely used in the field of computer vision, which effectively solve practical problems. However, the loss function with fixed parameters will affect the training efficiency and even lead to poor prediction accuracy. In particular, when there is a class imbalance in the data, the final result tends to favor the large‐class. In detection and recognition problems, the large‐class will dominate due to its quantitative advantage, and the features of few‐class can be not fully learned. In order to learn few‐class, batch nuclear‐norm maximization is introduced to the deep neural networks, and the mechanism of the adaptive composite loss function is established to increase the diversity of the network and thus improve the accuracy of prediction. The proposed loss function is added to the crowd counting, and verified on ShanghaiTech and UCF_CC_50 datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed loss function improves the prediction accuracy and convergence speed of deep neural networks.
Design and multi‐disciplinary computational investigations on PVEH patches attached horizontal axis hybrid wind turbine system for additional energy extraction in HALE UAVs
Authors: Raja Vijayanandh , AL‐bonsrulah Hussein A. Z. , Raji Arul Prakash , Madasamy Senthil Kumar , Ramaiah Manivel , Gnanasekaran Raj Kumar , Kulandaiyappan Naveen Kumar , Al‐Bahrani Mohammed
Published: October 2022

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and their allies have dramatically increased aerospace's energy needs. To meet this need, hybrid power systems and extensive power utilization evaluations must be developed. This research focuses on energy and exergy‐based studies of hybrid wind power systems for fixed‐wing UAVs, which depend on wind turbines and piezoelectric patches. The proposed hybrid wind turbine is planned to be located at the fixed‐wing UAVs' rear position. The wind turbine was initially conceived and built using analytical methods and CAD tools based on power input. The wind turbine's CFD has produced the desired aerodynamic pressures and temperatures, torque, and power. Wind turbine exergy efficiencies have been determined using standard and specialized methods. Wind turbine blades are also patched with PVEH patches to generate hybrid electricity from renewable sources. CFRP‐UD‐Prepreg, CFRP‐Woven‐Prepreg, GFRP‐FR‐4‐Fabric, GFRP‐S‐UD, GFRP‐E‐Fabric, and KFRP‐49‐UD are the lightweight materials used in this work. PVEH patches, along with wind turbines, have been studied for energy and exergy. Modern engineering methods have shown that the proposed hybrid system is better suited to meet high power requirements. Based on this system, the wind turbine system is 0.39226 and the PVEH patches are 0.28131. Finally, aeroacoustic, vibrational, and structural studies are computationally analyzed.