bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Duration of ETMS Is Not Associated With Upper-Extremity Motor Outcomes in Subacute Stroke
Authors: Page Stephen , Schaub Kelsey , Wilson Richard , Knutson Jayme , Chae John , Persch Andrew
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

This study determined that electromyography-triggered neuromuscular stimulation duration was not significantly associated with paretic upper-extremity impairment and functional limitation in stroke survivors.

Primary Author and Speaker: Stephen Page

Additional Author and Speaker: Andrew Persch

Contributing Authors: Kelsey Schaub, Richard Wilson, Jayme Knutson, John Chae
Do Rehabilitation Patients and Therapists Have the Same Perceptions About Their Communication Interaction?
Authors: Fan Chia-Wei , Taylor Renee
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

Clients expected therapists to show more of the instructing mode, such as educating them and structuring the treatment process. However, therapists focused more on empathizing with clients’ emotions.

Primary Author and Speaker: Chia-Wei Fan

Additional Author and Speaker: Renee Taylor
Use of Accelerometers to Assess Upper-Extremity Motor Performance Following Stroke: A Pilot Study
Authors: Holley Rahsaan , Shah Neepa , Chan Evan , Lum Peter S.
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

The poster will discuss the results of a pilot study conducted in a free-standing rehabilitation hospital investigating the relationship between hemiplegic arm use after stroke measured in the clinic versus measurement of arm use in the home setting by wrist accelerometers.

Primary Author and Speaker: Rahsaan Holley

Additional Authors and Speakers: Neepa Shah, Evan Chan, Peter Lum
Nonpharmacological Interventions for Sundowning Behaviors: A MOHO Perspective
Authors: Kreiser Robin , Humbert Tamera Keiter
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

This study highlights the various nonpharmacological interventions and prevention strategies used for sundowning behaviors. Research regarding this topic will advance the field by expanding the repertoire of strategies and will further demonstrate how MOHO can be used in an effective care plan.

Primary Author and Speaker: Robin Kreiser

Additional Author and Speaker: Tamera Keiter Humbert
Efficacy of the “Connect Experience Write” (CEW) Music and Movement Handwriting Program for Nonwriters
Authors: Falzarano Mary , Petrocelli Thais , Kruger Mackenzie
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

A retrospective study identified the efficacy of Connect Experience Write, a music- and movement-based multisensory handwriting program for children who are nonwriters. Eight of 10 children with autism spectrum disorder participated in a 9-wk program and improved in forming at least two of three letters taught.

Primary Author and Speaker: Mary Falzarano

Additional Authors and Speakers: Thais Petrocelli, Mackenzie Kruger
Attitudes and Plans for Low-Income Elderly Homeowners to Age in Place
Authors: Peterson Mary , Goodman Sarah , Goubeaux Olivia , Pramay Pandya , Sobota Christopher , Ito Max
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

Occupational therapists involved in discharge planning need to consider the home context for necessary resources, equipment, or home modifications in their recommendations. Lack of aging-in-place resources could potentially increase fall risk, resulting in further medical complications and higher health care costs.

Primary Author and Speaker: Mary Peterson

Additional Authors and Speakers: Pramay Pandya, Sarah Goodman, Max Ito, Christopher Sobota

Contributing Authors: Olivia Goubeaux, Mary Peterson
Social Capital 1940–1950: Seeking Support Among Established Professionals and Nonprofits
Authors: Fisher Emma , Schemm Ruth
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

To increase occupational therapy’s seat at the metaphorical table, we must first understand its historical presence. A content analysis of literature and communication from the 1940s will reveal steps the American Occupational Therapy Association took to establish social capital with national organizations, governments, and the general population.

Primary Author and Speaker: Emma Fisher

Additional Author and Speaker: Ruth Schemm
Validity of the Sensory Profile 2: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Authors: Dean Evan , Dunn Winnie , Little Lauren
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

This study used confirmatory factor analysis to investigate the validity of the Sensory Profile 2 (SP2). The SP2 demonstrated a good fit with the four-factor model (based on Dunn’s Sensory Processing Framework).

Primary Author and Speaker: Evan Dean

Additional Authors and Speakers: Winnie Dunn, Lauren Little
Yoga for Promoting Health and Engagement After Breast Cancer Among African-American Women
Authors: Hunley Julie
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

Increasingly, occupational therapy practitioners and their clients are looking toward complementary interventions to support health. This study provides preliminary support for incorporating yoga into conventional occupational therapy practice with African-American women with breast cancer histories.

Primary Author and Speaker: Julie Hunley
Understanding Therapists' Use of Play With Children With Life-Threatening Conditions
Authors: Bambrick Rachel , Dennis Carole , Wilkinson Kimberly
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

This study examined how occupational therapists use play with children with life-threatening conditions (CWLC). This study outlines the challenges these therapists face and suggests that although therapists value play as an occupation, they are typically using it as a means to another end with CWLC.

Primary Author and Speaker: Rachel Bambrick

Contributing Author: Carole Dennis, Kimberly Wilkinson
Youths With Developmental Disabilities: Use of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory–Patient-Reported Outcome
Authors: Schwartz Ariel , Kramer Jessica
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

We used cognitive interviews to evaluate a new approach to youth self-report, called the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory–Patient-Reported Outcome. The results suggest that youths with developmental disabilities appropriately interpret and rate social–cognitive, daily activities, and mobility items.

Primary Author and Speaker: Ariel Schwartz

Additional Author and Speaker: Jessica Kramer
Sensory Processing in Children With and Without Autism Using the Sensory Profile and DSM–5
Authors: Johansen Brittany , Miller Judith S. , Maddox Brenna , Cunningham Kristin
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

This study compared sensory processing as reported on the Sensory Profile among children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed.) and other disabilities (non-ASD). The non-ASD group demonstrated more sensory processing deficits, suggesting that occupational therapists address sensory processing deficits in various childhood diagnoses.

Primary Author and Speaker: Brittany Johnson

Contributing Authors: Judith S. Miller, Brenna Maddox, Kristin Cunningham
Assessing the Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Technology in Children
Authors: Cunningham Bob , Rzepczynski Amanda , Surdyke Micaela , Moldenhauer Megan , Bethel Kaitlin , Spratt Della
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

The Children’s Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Devices Scale is a 15-item, self-report outcome measure designed to assess the effects an assistive technology device has on the quality of life of children. Initial statistical analysis indicates good reliability and internal consistency.

Primary Author and Speaker: Bob Cunningham

Additional Authors and Speakers: Amanda Rzepczynski, Micaela Surdyke, Megan Moldenhauer, Kaitlin Bethel, Della Spratt
Effectiveness of the Living Skills Recovery Curriculum on Dual Diagnosis Clients
Authors: Precin Pat
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/7/2016

This research presents evidence that a living skills recovery curriculum improved (p ≤ .05) time management, stress management, social skills, activities of daily living, and clean time in persons with mental illness and substance abuse when compared to controls in an outpatient clinic.

Primary Author and Speaker: Pat Precin
Utility and Outcomes of a Digitally Delivered, Self-Guided Fatigue Management Tool for People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Finlayson Marcia , Petrin Julie , Akbar Nadine , Turpin Karen , Smyth Penelope
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/7/2016

This multimethod, time-series pilot study evaluated a digitally delivered, self-guided fatigue management resource for people with multiple sclerosis. Results indicated increases in self-efficacy; reductions in the effect of fatigue; and perceived shifts in fatigue management knowledge, expectations, and behavior.

Primary Author and Speaker: Marcia Finlayson

Contributing Authors: Julie Petrin, Nadine Akbar, Karen Turpin, Penelope Smyth
Is Emergency Preparedness a Disaster for People With Disabilities? Results From the 2006-2012 BRFSS
Authors: Smith Diane
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/7/2016

People with physical and mental disabilities are significantly less prepared for emergencies than persons without disabilities. Occupational therapy practitioners have an important role in reducing this disparity through training and advocacy for participation at the community level.

Primary Author and Speaker: Diane Smith
Examining Variation in Occupational Therapy Costs and Potential Decreases in Service Use Due to a Reduced Therapy Cap
Authors: Pergolotti Mackenzi , Lavery Jessica , Reeve Bryce B. , Dusetzina Stacie B.
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/7/2016

The objective of this study was to describe utilization and cost of occupational therapy services. Variation exists within treatments and states. Medicare reimbursement caps place a limit on visits and can potentially provoke substantial financial risk to those with higher therapy needs.

Primary Author and Speaker: Mackenzi Pergolotti

Contributing Authors: Jessica Lavery, Bryce B. Reeve, Stacie B. Dusetzina
Differences in Perceived Need for Medical, Therapeutic, and Family Support Services Among Caregivers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Benevides Teal , Carretta Henry J. , Mandell David S.
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/7/2016

Two population-based datasets were used to quantify racial and ethnic differences in perceived need for services that children with autism spectrum disorder frequently use. Differences in perceived need emphasize the importance of therapist understanding of cultural factors impacting care-seeking.

Primary Author and Speaker: Teal Benevides

Contributing Authors: Henry J. Carretta, David S. Mandell
Longitudinal Evaluation of Injurious Falls and Fall Prevention Strategy Use Among People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Peterson Elizabeth , Asano Miho , Cameron Michelle , Finlayson Marcia
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/7/2016

This paper describes a study of the prevalence of self-reported injurious falls and trends in fall prevention strategy use among people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Findings and associated implications for occupational therapy assessment and intervention targeting people with MS are highlighted.

Primary Author and Speaker: Elizabeth Peterson

Contributing Authors: Miho Asano, Michelle Cameron, Marcia Finlayson
Relationship Between Participation and Adolescent Social Capital
Authors: Reddy Emily , Griswold Lou Ann
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/8/2016

This quantitative research study explored the relationship between adolescent participation in out-of-school activities, youth social capital, and parent social capital. Results support the importance of youth participation in community-based activities and the importance of parent social capital.

Primary Author and Speaker: Emily Reddy

Contributing Author: Lou Ann Griswold
Integrated Listening Systems for Children With Sensory Processing Problems: A Pilot Study
Authors: Schoen Sarah , Miller Lucy Jane
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/8/2016

This pilot study provides preliminary support for the effectiveness of the Integrated Listening Systems program for children with sensory overresponsivity and auditory processing problems. Gains in individualized functional goals were an important outcome, as were physiological changes in arousal and reactivity.

Primary Author and Speaker: Sarah Schoen

Additional Author and Speaker: Lucy Jane Miller
A Participatory Approach to Developing the new Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory Patient-Reported Outcome
Authors: Kramer Jessica , Schwartz Ariel
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/8/2016

Accessible outcome measures for youth with developmental disabilities (DD) are needed. This presentation describes how youth with DD helped develop the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory–Patient-Reported Outcome and an innovative administration structure to enhance access.

Primary Author and Speaker: Jessica Kramer

Additional Author and Speaker: Ariel Schwartz
Sensory Processing and Challenging Behavior in the General Population
Authors: Dean Evan , Tomchek Scott , Dunn Winnie , Little Lauren
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/8/2016

The literature emphasizes sensory processing contributions to challenging behavior in children with conditions. Our findings illustrate that children in the general population show similar relationships. By recognizing these relationships, we can better support all children’s participation.

Primary Author and Speaker: Evan Dean

Additional Authors and Speakers: Scott Tomchek, Winnie Dunn, Lauren Little
Factors Contributing to Nursing Home Entry Among People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Finlayson Marcia , Marrie Ruth Ann , Finlayson Greg , Jiang Depeng , Ekuma Okechukwu , Morrow Sarah , Fakolade Afolasade , Petrin Julie
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/8/2016

Analyzing health care administrative data and findings from focus groups of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and family caregivers revealed a complex pattern of service use and need that contributes to nursing home entry for people with MS. Preventing or delaying this entry will require a multipronged approach.

Primary Author and Speaker: Marcia Finlayson

Contributing Authors: Ruth Ann Marrie, Greg Finlayson, Depeng Jiang, Okechukwu Ekuma, Sarah Morrow, Afolasade Fakolade, Julie Petrin
Mental Health and Children in Military Families: A Scoping Review of Issues and Needs
Authors: Cramm Heidi , Aiken Alice , McColl Mary Ann
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

A scoping review was used to determine how research literature describes mental health issues and needs among children growing up in military families. The 220 studies included identified particular mental health vulnerabilities that are important for occupational therapists to note.

Primary Author and Speaker: Heidi Cramm

Contributing Authors: Alice Aiken, Mary Ann McColl
The Experience of Occupational Transition From Homelessness to Becoming Housed
Authors: Marshall Carrie Anne , Lysaght Rosemary
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

In phenomenology-informed interviews with 11 housed adults with a history of chronic homelessness, participants described their experience of a challenging and rewarding occupational transition in relation to identity. Implications for an occupational perspective of homelessness are presented.

Primary Author and Speaker: Carrie Anne Marshall

Contributing Author: Rosemary Lysaght
Evaluating Quality of Life and Social Connectedness in Persons With Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: White Barbara Prudhomme , Couture Lisa , Kresge Barbara , Wilcox John
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

Findings from this research suggest that a community-based program, heavily influenced by occupational therapy practices, is effective at optimizing quality-of-life satisfaction and facilitating enhanced social connectedness for survivors of brain injury.

Primary Author and Speaker: Barbara Prudhomme White

Additional Authors and Speakers: Barbara Kresge, John Wilcox

Contributing Author: Lisa Couture
Driving and Parkinson's Disease: What Only Caregivers Can Tell Us
Authors: Alvarez Liliana , Classen Sherrilene
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

Early identification of at-risk drivers with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is critical for baseline fitness-to-drive assessments. We demonstrated that fitness-to-drive predictions by caregivers of drivers with PD, combined with the Trails B test, are accurate screening tools in identifying at-risk drivers.

Primary Author and Speaker: Liliana Alvarez

Additional Speaker: Sherrilene Classen
Validation of a Mobile Device Application for Use in Balance Assessment
Authors: Burghart Mark , Craig Jordan , Radel Jeff , Huisinga Jessie
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

Measuring a person’s balance is necessary in many clinical settings. Mobile devices may provide an objective and accurate measure of a person’s balance, allowing for rapid clinical interpretation, tracking changes over time, and ultimately allowing improved participation in meaningful activities.

Primary Author and Speaker: Mark Burghart

Contributing Authors: Jordan Craig, Jeff Radel, and Jessie Huisinga
The “Lifestyle Matters” Study: Results From a Trial of an Occupational Therapy Lifestyle Intervention for Older Adults
Authors: Mountain Gail , Chatters Robin
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

The Lifestyle Matters study was undertaken with 288 participants randomized to one of two study arms to understand whether the Lifestyle Redesign intervention could be implemented within the United Kingdom. The results will inform the use of such preventive interventions in occupational therapy practice.

Primary Author and Speaker: Gail Mountain

Additional Author and Speaker: Robin Chatters
Sensory Differences and Mealtime Behavior in Children With Autism
Authors: Zobel-Lachiusa Jeanne
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/10/2016

This study examined sensory differences and mealtime behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with typically developing peers ages 5 to 12. Results revealed sensory differences and eating behavior differences between groups and a correlation between sensory differences and eating difficulties in children with ASD.

Primary Author and Speaker: Jeanne Zobel-Lachiusa
GPS-PWV jumps before intense rain events
Authors: Sapucci Luiz F. , Machado Luiz A. T. , Menezes de Souza Eniuce , Campos Thamiris B.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. A rapid increase in atmospheric water vapor is a fundamental ingredient for many intense rainfall events. High-frequency precipitable water vapor (PWV) estimates from a Global Positioning System meteorological site (GPS) are evaluated here for intense rainfall events during the CHUVA Vale field campaign in Brazil (November–December 2011), in which precipitation events of differing intensities and spatial dimensions, as observed by an X-band radar, have been explored. A wavelet cross-correlation analysis shows that there are important spikes in the PWV that precede the more intense rainfall events on a timescale from 30 to 60 minutes. The correlation and lags between the GPS-PWV and rainfall events are evaluated, and a sharp increase in the GPS-PWV prior to the more intense events has been found and termed GPS-PWV "jumps". These jumps are associated with water vapor convergence and the continued formation of cloud condensate and precipitation particles. The GPS-PWV time-derivative histogram for the period of 60 minutes before the rainfall event reveals different distributions for higher intensity events. This feature could indicate the occurrence of severe precipitation and consequently has the potential for application in nowcasting activities.
North Atlantic Oscillation controls on oxygen and hydrogen isotope gradients in winter precipitation across Europe; implications for palaeoclimate studies
Authors: Deininger Michael , Werner Martin , McDermott Frank
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Winter (October to March) precipitation δ18OP and δDP values in central Europe correlate with the winter North Atlantic Oscillation index (wNAOi), but the causal mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we analyse the relationships between precipitation-weighted δ18OP and δDP datasets (δ18Opw and δDpw) from European GNIP and ANIP stations and the wNAOi, with a focus on isotope gradients. We demonstrate that longitudinal δ18Opw and δDpw gradients across Europe (“continental effect”) depend on the wNAOi state, with steeper gradients associated with more negative wNAOi states. Changing gradients reflect a combination of air temperature and variable amounts of precipitable water as a function of the wNAOi. The relationships between the wNAOi, δ18Opw and δDpw can provide additional information from palaeoclimate archives such as European speleothems that primarily record winter δ18Opw. Comparisons between present-day and past European longitudinal δ18O gradients inferred from Holocene speleothems suggest that atmospheric pressure configurations akin to negative wNAO modes dominated the early Holocene, whereas patterns resembling positive wNAO modes were more common in the late Holocene, possibly caused by persistent shifts in the relative locations of the Azores High and the Icelandic Low.
Collection/aggregation algorithms in Lagrangian cloud microphysical models: Rigorous evaluation in box model simulations
Authors: Unterstrasser Simon , Hoffmann Fabian , Lerch Marion
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Recently, several Lagrangian microphysical models have been developed which use a large number of (computational) particles to represent a cloud. In particular, the collision process leading to coalescence of cloud droplets or aggregation of ice crystals is implemented differently in the various models. Three existing implementations are reviewed and extended, and their performance is evaluated by a comparison with well established analytical and bin model solutions. In this first step of rigorous evaluation, box model simulations with collection/aggregation being the only process considered have been performed for the three well-known kernels of Golovin, Long and Hall. Besides numerical parameters like the time step and the number of simulation particles (SIPs) used, the details of how the initial SIP ensemble is created from a prescribed analytically defined size distribution is crucial for the performance of the algorithms. Using a constant weight technique as done in previous studies greatly underestimates the quality of the algorithms. Using better initialisation techniques considerably reduces the number of required SIPs to obtain realistic results. From the box model results recommendations for the collection/aggregation implementation in higher dimensional model setups are derived. Suitable algorithms are equally relevant to treating the warm-rain process and aggregation in cirrus.
The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 2: Two Interglacials, Scientific Objective and Experimental Design for Holocene and Last Interglacial Simulations
Authors: Otto-Bliesner Bette L. , Braconnot Pascale , Harrison Sandy P. , Lunt Daniel J. , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Albani Samuel , Bartlein Patrick J. , Capron Emilie , Carlson Anders E. , Dutton Andrea , Fischer Hubertus , Goelzer Heiko , Govin Aline , Haywood Alan , Joos Fortunat , Legrande Allegra N. , Lipscomb William H. , Lohmann Gerrit , Mahowald Natalie , Nehrbass-Ahles Christoph , Pausata Francesco S.-R. , Peterschmitt Jean-Yves , Phipps Steven , Renssen Hans
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Two interglacial epochs are included in the suite of Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4) simulations in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The experimental protocols for Tier 1 simulations of the mid-Holocene (midHolocene, 6000 years before present) and the Last Interglacial (lig127k, 127,000 years before present) are described here. These equilibrium simulations are designed to examine the impact of changes in orbital forcing at times when atmospheric greenhouse gas levels were similar to those of the preindustrial period and the continental configurations were almost identical to modern. These simulations test our understanding of the interplay between radiative forcing and atmospheric circulation, and the connections among large-scale and regional climate changes giving rise to phenomena such as land-sea contrast and high-latitude amplification in temperature changes, and responses of the monsoons, as compared to today. They also provide an opportunity, through carefully designed additional CMIP6 Tier 2 and Tier 3 sensitivity experiments of PMIP4, to quantify the strength of atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and land-surface feedbacks. Sensitivity experiments are proposed to investigate the role of freshwater forcing in triggering abrupt climate changes within interglacial epochs. These feedback experiments naturally lead to a focus on climate evolution during interglacial periods, which will be examined through transient experiments. Analyses of the sensitivity simulations will also focus on interactions between extratropical and tropical circulation, and the relationship between changes in mean climate state and climate variability on annual to multi-decadal timescales. The comparative abundance of paleoenvironmental data and of quantitative climate reconstructions for the Holocene and Last Interglacial make these two epochs ideal candidates for systematic evaluation of model performance, and such comparisons will shed new light on the importance of external feedbacks (e.g., vegetation, dust) and the ability of state-of-the-art models to simulate climate changes realistically.
Effects of Y-type spillway lateral contraction ratios on debris-flowpatterns and scour features downriver of a check dam
Authors: Chen Huayong , Liu Jinfeng , Zhao Wanyu
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Debris flows often cause devastating damage to property and can injure or kill residents in mountainous areas. The construction of check dams in debris-flow valleys is considered a useful strategy for mitigating the damages downstream. In this paper, a new type of spillway structure with lateral contraction was proposed to distribute debris flows after the check dam storage filled up. Four different lateral contraction ratios of the spillway were considered in experiments that investigated debris-flow patterns, scour characteristics, and energy dissipation rates when debris flows passed through the spillway. The results indicated that lateral contraction considerably influenced the extension of debris-flow nappes. The drop length of the nappe at η  =  0.7 (η means lateral contraction ratio) was approximately 1.4 times larger than at η  =  0.4. The collision, friction, and mixing forces between the debris-flow nappes and debris flows in downstream plunge pools dissipated much of the debris-flow kinetic energy, ranging from 42.03 to 78.08 % at different contraction ratios. Additionally, based on a dimensionless analysis, an empirical model was proposed to predict the maximum scour depth downriver of a check dam. It indicated that the results calculated by the model exhibited good agreement with the experimental results.
Parameterization of stochastic multiscale triads
Authors: Wouters Jeroen , Dolaptchiev Stamen Iankov , Lucarini Valerio , Achatz Ulrich
Published: November 2016

Abstract. We discuss applications of a recently developed method for model reduction based on linear response theory of weakly coupled dynamical systems. We apply the weak coupling method to simple stochastic differential equations with slow and fast degrees of freedom. The weak coupling model reduction method results in general in a non-Markovian system; we therefore discuss the Markovianization of the system to allow for straightforward numerical integration. We compare the applied method to the equations obtained through homogenization in the limit of large timescale separation between slow and fast degrees of freedom. We numerically compare the ensemble spread from a fixed initial condition, correlation functions and exit times from a domain. The weak coupling method gives more accurate results in all test cases, albeit with a higher numerical cost.
Qualitative and Quantitative Assessments of Thriving and Contribution in Early Adolescence: Findings from the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development
Authors: Alberts Amy Eva , Christiansen Elise DiDenti , Chase Paul , Naudeau Sophie , Phelps Erin , Lerner Richard M.
Published: November 2016

Research and practice in youth development converge in an interest in positive development, or thriving. They converge also in seeking to promote among youth an orientation to act in support of their own and others’ well-being through contributions to self, family, and community. Based on the results of both qualitative (open and axial coding of parents’ and students’ answers to several open-ended questions) and quantitative analyses of data from Wave 2 (Sixth Grade; 2003-2004) of the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development (PYD), we found that adolescents and parents define a thriving youth in different ways and, as well, that the groups differ in the salience of contribution as part of their respective conceptions of thriving. We discuss the implications for research and practice of the two generational groups’ contrasting views of thriving and contribution.
Supporting Social and Cognitive Growth Among Disadvantaged Middle-Grades Students in TASC After-School Projects
Authors: Russell Christina A. , Reisner Elizabeth R.
Published: November 2016

The field of after-school programming remains rife with unanswered questions. What constitutes quality in after-school programs? Are after-school opportunities valuable for participants regardless of their quality? Are differences in quality associated with differences in participant benefit? This sub-study of the longitudinal evaluation of The After-School Corporation (TASC) looks at how after-school opportunities with varying features affect urban middle-grades (6-8) adolescents who live in impoverished circumstances. Supported by the William T. Grant Foundation, the study explores the associations between after-school project features and the social and cognitive outcomes of disadvantaged middle-grades participants in TASC programs. The study relies on data collected during the 2001-02 and 2002-03 school years in eight TASC projects serving middle-grades students.
An Introduction to the SMARTRISK Heroes Program: Positive Social Marketing for Adolescent Injury Prevention
Authors: Groff Philip R. , Shea Michael P. , Conn Robert
Published: November 2016

This article provides background on the SMARTRISK Heroes Program, a mobile stage production that introduces young people to the prevalence of unintentional injury for their age group and presents them with a series of strategies that will reduce the likelihood that they will be unintentionally injured or killed. The program logic is consistent with theoretical work from the area of health promotion including the Protection Motivation Theory and the Transtheoretical Model of Stages of Change. The SMARTRISK Heroes Program has been the subject of a number of past evaluations that are briefly described. The program logic model was included in this article. Additional information on the program and its evaluations can be found at http://www.smartrisk.ca by selecting SMARTRISK Heroes, under the “Youth Tab.”
Findings from Five Out-of-School Time Focus Groups: Professional Development Preferences, Experiences and Recommendations for Future Planning
Authors: Buher-Kane Jennifer , Peter Nancy , Olitsky Stacy , Kinnevy Susan
Published: November 2016

Evaluating professional development can assist with designing better programs in the future, yet survey instruments may not always capture the nuances of participant’s experiences. Therefore, in order to develop better survey instruments, the Out-of-School Time Resource Center conducted a series of five focus groups. Questions pertained to participants’ job-related needs, preferred types of professional development, characteristics of both “good” and “bad” workshops, reasons why new information is not utilized, and recommendations for policymakers/funders. Findings from the focus groups have been used to revise OSTRC pilot surveys, which will be standardized and published as an Evaluation Toolkit that can be used to design and evaluate OST conferences.
Nebraska 4-H Household Technology and Interest Survey
Authors: Barker Bradley S. , Meier Debra K.
Published: November 2016

Nationally, 4-H has placed renewed emphasis in the areas of Science and Technology as a way to prepare youth for the 21st century workplace. Home access may become necessary to youth as they develop science and technology literacy via 4-H programs. A survey was sent to a random sample of 1,414 Nebraska families from a total population of 13,516. The survey examined the percentage of families that have access to computers and the Internet at home, computer components, use characteristics and specific areas of interest in science and technology. Results indicate that 96 percent of Nebraska 4-H families have access to computers at home. Nearly 92 percent of families had a connection to the Internet with a majority using dial-up connections. Families are interested in technology programs focused on basic computer knowledge and office application. In science, 4-H families indicated environment sciences and botany were areas of interest.
Summer Programming: What Do Children Say?
Authors: Cobb Nila , Harper Stacy , McCormick Kerri , McNeil Kimary , Miltenberger Margaret , Phillips Ruthellen , Schneider Ruth , Taylor Gina , Wilkins Shirley
Published: November 2016

Studies document that low-income children lose academic skills over the summer. Six years of reading achievement data collected by Energy Express, a nationally recognized summer reading and nutrition program in West Virginia, has established the efficacy of the intervention. The purpose of this study was to examine characteristics of a voluntary summer program that foster participation. Interview data indicates that children attend because they perceive the program as fun; large creative art (for example, full-body portraits, appliance box castles, wall murals) seems particularly important. Energy Express gives children both the fun they want and the enrichment they need in the summer.
Potential Protective Effect of the Community Involvement Asset on Adolescent Risk Behaviors
Authors: Rodine Sharon , Oman Roy F. , Vesely Sara K. , Aspy Cheryl B. , Tolma Eleni , Marshall LaDonna , Fluhr Janene
Published: November 2016

The potential of Community Involvement as a protective factor (youth asset) for eight adolescent risk behaviors was examined in this study. Cross-sectional data were collected from a randomly-selected population using in-home, in-person interviews in racially diverse inner-city neighborhoods of two Midwestern cities. Research participants were teenagers (n=1,278) and parents of the teenagers (n=1,278). Data included demographic variables; eight adolescent risk behaviors, including sexual activity, violence and the use of tobacco, alcohol and drugs. This study found youth with the Community Involvement asset were significantly (p
A National Professional Development System for Youth Workers
Authors: Stone Barbara , Garza Pam , Borden Lynne
Published: November 2016

A persistent challenge in the youth development field is the lack of a systemic approach to attracting, developing and sustaining its workforce, particularly direct service workers. While serious efforts to address workforce development have dotted the youth work landscape, especially over the last 15 years, much of this progress has been organization-specific rather than across the field or systemic (Quinn, 2004). In 2004, 30 individuals who were knowledgeable about the issues came together to address the challenge of attracting, developing and retaining youth workers. They represented diverse sectors of the field, including direct service workers, national youth-serving agencies, local and national intermediary organizations, federal agencies and corporate and foundation philanthropies. They took the bold step of designing an initial framework and strategy for a coordinated national professional development system for youth workers. They also agreed to pursue the next steps to collectively create the system (Stone, Garza, & Borden, 2005).
National Youth Service Day: A Youth Development Strategy
Authors: Golombek Silvia Blitzer
Published: November 2016

A growing number of studies show connections between youth participation in service and service-learning opportunities and positive behavior outcomes. Building on this data, the article presents National Youth Service Day (NYSD) as a program that can be incorporated into ongoing activities to enhance youth development goals. The paper describes the program’s components– building a network of support organizations, offering project planning grants, providing service-learning materials, and developing a media and advocacy campaign. Examples of NYSD projects show how project planners are using the program to learn and practice academic and non-academic skills. A review of evaluations to date indicates the program is annually increasing its output measures. Participants’ responses show that the program is also contributing to positive behavioral changes, in particular related to young people’s increasing awareness about specific community issues and their own competency in addressing them.
Fostering Youth Engagement on Community Teams
Authors: Scheve Julie A. , Perkins Daniel F. , Mincemoyer Claudia C.
Published: November 2016

Within the youth development field a growing movement exists to establish youth member positions on community teams (e.g. organizational boards and planning committees). The involvement of youth on decision-making teams is commonly referred to as youth engagement. As a relatively new approach to youth and community development, the existing research shows the potential positive impacts youth engagement efforts may produce and encourages youth practitioners to incorporate such efforts into their programs and organizations. In doing so, successful youth engagement efforts may be sustained within teams that best adapt their organizational structure, policies, and practices to complement the developmental needs of youth. Such adaptations begin with the four team characteristics presented in this paper: adult support, a youth-friendly environment, opportunities to complete meaningful tasks, and opportunities to learn and use new skills. When these practices are woven through the work of the team, youth engagement may flourish.
The SCANS Skills and Competencies Checklist: An Assessment Tool for Youth Work Readiness Programs
Authors: Blalock Lydia B. , Strieter Linda , Hughes Luanne
Published: November 2016

The SCANS Report for America, 2000 (1992) identified the skills youth need to compete in the workplace. The not-for-profit sector responded by implementing programs designed to give at-risk youth opportunities to learn the skills and competencies required to be work ready. Program evaluators, however, are challenged with the need to assess behavioral changes, which at best are difficult to document. In addition, at-risk youth often do not perform well with traditional paper and pencil assessments (for a variety of reasons). Improvements in SCANS attributes must be captured while the youth are engaged in learning and practicing the desired skills and behaviors. The SCANS Skills & Competencies Checklist, developed by evaluators of the RCRE Youth Farmstand Program, is a tool that can be customized easily for use with youth work readiness programs that include an experiential learning component.
A Resource Review: Reflect and Improve: A Tool Kit for Engaging Youth and Adults as Partners in Program Evaluation
Authors: Powers Jane L.
Published: November 2016

Highlights of a new evaluation resource “Reflect and Improve: A Tool Kit for Engaging Youth and Adults as Partners in Program Evaluation” are shared by the author. The Tool Kit is designed to help youth serving agencies strengthen program planning and evaluation through youth/adult partnerships.
Making the Best Better: 4-H Staffing Patterns and Trends in the Largest Professional Network in the Nation
Authors: Astroth Kirk A.
Published: November 2016

The results from the National 4-H Headquarters’ survey of the 4-H workforce provides baseline data about 4-H staffing, structures in which 4-H professionals work, and salaries ranges as reported by state Extension 4-H directors. All 50 states responded to the survey and results are reported in eight areas: 1. profile of respondents; 2. current 4-H staffing structures; 3. staffing trends and changes since 1990; 4. academic degree requirements; 5. compensation levels; 6. academic and other preparation; 7. ideal staffing models; and 8. current and future challenges. The survey revealed that academic training of 4-H professionals and compensation for 4-H youth workers was higher compared to their counterparts in youth work elsewhere. While funding for 4-H positions has remained stable, there has been an increase in the use of para-professionals for program delivery.
Developmentally-Responsive Relationships During After School
Authors: Fusco Dana R.
Published: November 2016

Research has shown that afterschool programs are effective in improving academic performance, helping children develop better work habits and social skills, reducing the likelihood of at-risk behaviors, and decreasing school-based crime. Many agree that such results would not be prominent if it weren’t for the supportive nature of children’s relationships with staff. This manuscript presents a theoretical understanding of the connection between relationships and human growth and development. Observations of outstanding youth workers will show how relationships are used to leverage the development of young people. The author also provides a model of adult-as-community-builder that elaborates the specific methods by which youth workers create what is being called here, developmentally-responsive relationships. The manuscript ends with suggestions for enhancing the vitality of adult-youth connections and supporting the growth of youth professionals.
Organizational Support for Sexual Minority Adolescents: Effects of Level of Youth Involvement and Diversity Training
Authors: Regan Christine R. , Swisher Marilyn , Barnett Rosemary V.
Published: November 2016

A two-phase, cross-section and case study design examined the level of youth involvement in the decision-making processes of youth-serving organizations and the effects of diversity training on organizational support for LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered) adolescents. Results indicate the organizations studied differed with respect to levels of youth involvement, but did not significantly differ with respect to the outcome variable. In-depth analysis to open-response questions indicated organizational support is extremely varied and organizations do support diversity, but not necessarily in regard to LGBT adolescents. The LGBT content within diversity training programs is also discussed. Finally, some religious ideas or beliefs seem to negatively affect the environment in youth-serving organizations in regard to support for LGBT adolescents. Implications for further research, youth practitioners and organizations are discussed.
Addressing Hunger Issues Through Service Learning
Authors: Kershaw Nancy , Jones Joy , Bowman Sally , Berry Holly
Published: November 2016

The U.S. Government has set a goal of reducing the prevalence of food insecurity to 6% or less by 2010. To achieve this goal, education and action are necessary. Youth in Oregon were introduced to the issue through the role playing simulation, Are You Hungry Tonight? The simulation was utilized with youth, adult volunteers, and youth development staff. Participants indicated increased understanding of people with limited resources, including: Financial pressures, emotional stresses and frustrations they face; Difficulty of improving one’s situation; Difficult choices people make; Positive and negative impacts of community organizations. Simulation participants developed an understanding of hunger issues and empathy for people experiencing food insecurity. Participants were subsequently challenged to complete service learning projects that would help provide additional food resources for their communities. Providing education through the simulation set the stage for youth to participate fully in service learning projects to help alleviate hunger.
Addressing the Needs of Children of Offenders: The 4-H LIFE Model
Authors: Lawson Lynna J. , Wilkerson Robert C. , Gillespie Tammy , Dunn Elizabeth G. , Arbuckle J. Gordon , Turner L. Jo
Published: November 2016

4-H LIFE represents a promising approach to addressing the needs of children of offenders and their caregivers. The 4-H Living Interactive Family Education (LIFE) Program was established in 1999 at the Potosi Correctional Center, a maximum security prison. 4-H LIFE is an enhanced or therapeutic visitation program with three key components: 1. parent engagement; 2. parent education; 3. 4-H activities for children of offenders, led by the incarcerated parents. Since inception, 141 youths between the ages of 5 and 18 have participated; 59 incarcerated fathers and 106 caregivers have also been engaged at PCC. Program evaluations suggest that parent-child outcomes improved. In 2005, 4-H LIFE received the Annie E. Casey Foundation Family Strengthening Award.
Effects of Coach and Parent Training on Performance Anxiety in Young Athletes: A Systemic Approach
Authors: Smoll Frank L. , Smith Ronald E. , Cumming Sean P.
Published: November 2016

Coaches and parents play a major role in determining the consequences of sport participation in young athletes. This study focuses on the assessment of a systemic, empirically inspired intervention directed at coaches and parents. Parallel workshops derived in part from achievement goal theory were presented to the coaches and parents of 9 to 15 year old boys and girls participating in community-based basketball programs, and their effects were compared with a matched control condition. Multilevel analyses revealed significant Time x Condition interactions on all three subscales of the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2) and on a total anxiety score. Athletes in the intervention condition decreased in cognitive and somatic anxiety scores on the SAS-2, whereas athletes in the control condition exhibited increases in cognitive and somatic anxiety. Results suggest the potential efficacy of brief, economical interventions in enhancing the psychosocial impact of the youth sport environment.
Helping Schools: Youth Development as a Form of Supplemental Education
Authors: Carroll Jan B. , Goodwin Jeff , Oliver Melissa
Published: November 2016

This study measured the impact of 4-H Youth Development on Colorado’s youth. Active youth were compared to those who did not participate in out-of-school activities. Data were collected from 5th, 7th, and 9th grade students. Results of the study confirm active students, including 4-H Youth Development members, were less likely to engage in at-risk behaviors. 4-H Youth Development can function as a form of supplemental education, contributing to academic, civic, and social success of young people.