bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Community-based integrated care for patients with diabetes and depression (CIC-PDD) in China: a pragmatic cluster-randomized trial
Authors: Wang Yanshang , Guo Dan , Xia Yiqi , Hu Mingzheng , Wang Ming , Yu Qianqian , Li Zhansheng , Zhang Xiaoyi , Ding Ruoxi , Zhao Miaomiao , Shi Zhenyu , Zhu Dawei , He Ping
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE

To develop a care model for patients with both diabetes and depression and assess effectiveness.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In this pragmatic cluster-randomized trial, we allocated 8 community health centers into two groups: enhanced usual care and intervention group. In the intervention group, a comprehensive care plan was developed based on the integrated care model. We recruited individuals aged 18 years or older with type 2 diabetes and depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10). The primary outcome was the between-group difference in the percentage of patients who had at least a 50% reduction in depressive symptoms and a reduction of at least 0.5 percentage points in HbA1c. We performed the outcome analysis within the intention-to-treat population, with missing data being multiply imputed.

RESULTS

We enrolled 630 participants, with 275 in intervention group and 355 in control group. We observed significant greater percentage of patients in the intervention group who met the primary outcome at 12 months (depressive symptoms: risk difference (RD) 31.03% [62.06% vs. 31.02%, 95% CI = 21.85%-40.21%], HbA1c: RD 19.16%, [32.41% vs. 13.25%, 95% CI = 11.35% to 26.97%]). The patients in the intervention group showed significant enhancements in mental quality of life (mean difference (MD) 6.74 [46.57 vs. 39.83, 95% CI = 3.75-9.74]), diabetes self-care activities (MD 0.69 [3.46 vs. 2.78, 95% CI = 0.52-0.86]), medication adherence (MD 0.72 [6.49 vs. 5.78, 95% CI = 0.37-1.07]) and experience of care MD 0.89 [3.84 vs. 2.95, 95% CI = 0.65-1.12]) at 12 months. Rural participants benefited more from the intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

The implementation strategy can serve as a valuable blueprint in the identification and management of patients with physical and mental multimorbidity in primary healthcare settings.
Validation of a simplified oral indicator for home care nurses to refer older people to dental care professionals
Authors: Weening-Verbree Lina F. , Schuller Annemarie A. , Krijnen Wim P. , Van der Schans Cees P. , Zuidema Sytse U. , Hobbelen Johannes S. M.
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This study aims to explore the identification of older people in need of dental consultation, with a Simplified Oral Indicator (SOI) used by home care nurses (HCNs) and with the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI-NL) completed by older people themselves, compared with the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT-NL), performed by dental hygienists.
Methods: The HCNs completed SOI based on their professional view, knowledge and experience; scores red/orange/green were given to older people for oral health and oral hygiene. Older people completed the GOHAI-NL and dental hygienists completed the OHAT-NL.
Results: Data from 141 older people were analysed. Sensitivity and specificity of SOI –OHAT-NL were low (0.45 and 0.64, respectively); SOI scored only few older people as ‘red’, while only 11 older people did not need a dental referral according to the OHAT-NL. OHAT-NL and GOHAI-NL correlation was significant, but low (r = -0.226, p = 0.012).
Conclusion: Simplified Oral Indicator is currently not sensitive enough to identify older people in need of dental consultation. Additional education to HCNs and/or adjusting SOI may be needed. The GOHAI-NL seems not useful in dental triage.
Critical Times, Cosmopolitan Justice and the Responsiveness Rhetoric
Authors: M Papastephanou
Published: December 2024

Several crises render our times inter alia “difficult”, “viral”, “testing”, and “uncertain”. A related rhetoric of responsiveness
to crises becomes globally dispersed and is commonly used by researchers, intellectuals and global publics. In this article,
after some preliminary comments on the responsiveness to our times, I critique the “uncertain/critical times” responsiveness
rhetoric and explore some of its prescriptions for a better future. I single out indicative pros and cons of this rhetoric and
discuss the related politics of exalting recommendations such as “rethinking” the world of today within the confines of social
and democratic justice. My argument is that, when meta-theoretically investigated, the ambiguities of the responsiveness
rhetoric and its neglect of cosmopolitan justice raise concerns about how this rhetoric frames crises.
MODELING THE BLOCK FORMATION PROCESS IN BLOCKCHAIN AND ITS IMPACT ON SCALABILITY
Authors: Vovchak O. , Veres Z.
Published: December 2024

The article investigates the process of block formation in blockchain networks and the impact of node network architecture and consensus algorithms on their scalability and performance. Analysis of blockchain system scalability is important due to problems that arise when network load increases, particularly the increase in the number of block forks and transaction confirmation times. The research focuses on studying the impact of network delays and the choice of consensus algorithm on the performance and scalability of blockchain networks. The main attention is devoted to mathematical models that describe block formation, as well as the analysis of factors affecting transaction processing speed and throughput. The primary consensus algorithms, such as Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS), are considered, and their impact on scalability in implementations based on the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and Bitcoin is compared.
Experimental studies using Geth and Amazon cloud services revealed that the application of the Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus algorithm increases network performance by reducing the complexity of the block formation process in blockchain networks by 99% and accelerates consensus achievement by 70% compared to Proof of Work (PoW). It was also established that increasing the number of nodes from 5 to 50 reduces the network's throughput by almost 10%, and the average confirmation time doubles.
The obtained results are aimed at solving the scalability issue by reducing transaction confirmation times for the implementation of decentralized technologies in the Internet of Things (IoT) sphere, where processing speed and storage of large volumes of data are critically important.
Keywords: blockchain, block formation, consensus algorithms, decentralized technologies, Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), Internet of Things (IoT), mathematical modeling, network delays, scalability.
LOGARITHMIC ANALOG-DIGITAL CONVERTERS. REVIEW
Authors: Yelisieieva H. S.
Published: December 2024

In this work, a review of logarithmic analog-to-digital converters (LADCs) was carried out and an analysis of their properties in the dynamic range of input signals of 80 dB was carried out. It is shown that the highest metrological characteristics are obtained by LADCs on switched capacitors (CC) using high-quality analog switches from Maxima and Analog Devices companies, in which parasitic interelectrode capacitances do not exceed 1 pF. LADC of different classes were considered. Serial LADCs on CC have the lowest speed, they are performed with redistribution or accumulation of charge (RC or AC) in capacitor cells, in which switching is carried out with analog switches; in such LADCs, the conversion error can be reduced to 0.25% (taking into account the quantization error of 0.1%) with a conversion time of no more than 20 ms. The same speed has LADC with pulse feedback, the conversion error of which is almost completely determined by the value of the quantization error for values ​​of the last 0.1% and more. Interpolation LADCs make it possible to reduce the conversion error below 0.1% with a conversion time of the order of hundreds of microseconds. Medium-speed LADCs with a conversion time of 100 μs or less include subband, recurrent, and bit-by-bit, which achieve a conversion error of 0.005%, 0.0015%, and 0.0015%, respectively. High-speed LADCs are parallel, their conversion error does not exceed 0.4% with a conversion time of less than 10 ns.
Key words: logarithmic ADCs, construction, characteristics, parameters
LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS AND PERSONAL INFORMATION: SECURITY CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS THROUGH ANONYMIZATION
Authors: Zamroz P.I. , Morozov Y.V.
Published: December 2024

In light of the growing capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), there is an urgent need for effective methods to protect personal data in online texts. Existing anonymization methods often prove ineffective against complex LLM analysis algorithms, especially when processing sensitive information such as medical data. This research proposes an innovative approach to anonymization that combines k-anonymity and adversarial methods. Our approach aims to improve the efficiency and speed of anonymization while maintaining a high level of data protection. Experimental results on a dataset of 10,000 comments showed a 40% reduction in processing time (from 250 ms to 150 ms per comment) compared to traditional adversarial methods, a 5% improvement in medical data anonymization accuracy (from 90% to 95%), and a 7% improvement in data utility preservation (from 85% to 92%). Special attention is paid to the application of the method in the context of interaction with LLM-based chatbots and medical information processing. We conduct an experimental evaluation of our method, comparing it with existing industrial anonymizers on real and synthetic datasets. The results demonstrate significant improvements in both data utility preservation and privacy protection. Our method also takes into account GDPR requirements, setting a new standard in the field of data anonymization for AI interactions. This research offers a practical solution for protecting user privacy in the era of LLMs, especially in sensitive areas such as healthcare.
Keywords: AI, data security, ML, LLM, privacy.
WEB APPLICATION FOR WAREHOUSE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Kovalyshyn M. Y. , Paramud Y. S.
Published: December 2024

The article examines the overall process of designing and future development of a warehouse management system, which is being developed with a focus on improving its operational efficiency. The main emphasis was placed on modeling methods of key business processes to optimize the main operations of the warehouse, as well as a detailed review of the desired database structure, which would serve as a datastore for storing various data about goods, their movement, and operations involving them. Various alternative systems on similar topics were also reviewed, describing their advantages and disadvantages, from which the necessary functionalities of the system can be derived.
Next, a description of the software's functional capabilities was provided, which ensured the automation of warehouse operations, including order processing, inventory management, and monitoring changes between operations. This was achieved through textual descriptions and the implementation of diagrams from various notations. The main results of the research demonstrate the importance of implementing a high-quality and modern web application for warehouse management to increase productivity, avoid errors, and ensure accuracy during operations.
Keywords: business processes, database, inventory management, warehouse management, web application, UML, IDEF0, ER.
EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY AND PERFORMANCE OF SERIALIZATION FORMATS FOR DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
Authors: Maltsev E.E. , Muliarevych O.V.
Published: December 2024

The conducted study allows us to evaluate the impact of various serialization formats on the performance of inter-service communication, focusing on serialization speed, data bandwidth efficiency, and latency in environments integrating middleware, characteristic of microservice architectures. Through an empirical analysis of a wide range of serialization formats and comparisons with traditional standards, it is demonstrated that the compactness of serialized data formats is more critical for reducing end-to-end latency than serialization speed itself. Despite high serialization speed, protocols such as FlatBuffers and Cap'n Proto show lower performance in distributed environments due to larger message sizes, in contrast to the more balanced performance observed in protocols like Avro, Thrift, and Protobuf. The purpose of the article is to review existing data formats and message processing and transmission protocols, and through practical experiments, demonstrate the importance of optimizing message sizes to enhance network efficiency and bandwidth capacity.
Keywords: data encoding, performance evaluation, message transmission protocols, distributed system, data formats.
DEVELOPMENT A MULTIFACTORIAL PORTRAIT MODEL OF SOFTWARE COMPLEXES’ SUPPORTING SUBJECTS, USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Pukach A.I. , Teslyuk V.M.
Published: December 2024

Impact factors, that are shaping the individualistic perception of the supported objects by the relevant subjects, who interact with them, directly or indirectly, are considered in this research. A form of impact factors’ (performing impact on the supported software complexes) representation has been studied and proposed. Aforementioned form includes: a set of input characteristics of the researched supported object; a set of impact factors in the form of a transformation matrix function; and a set of output characteristics of the resulting perception of the same researched supported object (however in the individualistic perception of each individual subject of interaction with it). The possibility of encapsulation of artificial neural networks inside the aforementioned proposed form (of the supported software complexes’ impact factors representation) was investigated. And the use of multilayer perceptron was proposed and substantiated for the implementation of the appropriate encapsulations. An appropriate multifactorial portrait model of software complexes’ supporting subjects, using artificial neural networks, particularly a multilayer perceptron, has been developed and presented. Also, the applied practical problem of determining the deficient impact factors for each of the software complex’ support team members has been solved.
Key words: model, artificial neural networks, multilayer perceptron, impact factors, multifactor portrait, software complexes, support, automation.
PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODS FOR ANALYSIS AND VERIFICATION OF TECHNICAL REPORTS
Authors: Sydorko D. , Glukhov V.
Published: December 2024

The paper provides a solution to the problem of software implementation of methods of analysis and standard control of textual technical reports in docx format to check their compliance with given standards. The proposed solution uses .NET, WPF and DocumentFormat.OpenXml technologies are used to check the correctness of page formatting, the consistency of styles, the presses, and compliance of page parameters with standards (A4, Letter). Administrators are also allowed to flexibly configure the sequence of styles using the “before” and “after” parameters.
One of the key features of the implementation is the optimization of the size of the program, which allowed it to reduce its size by more than 50% without losing functionality, which ensures high productivity and efficiency. All detected inconsistencies are recorded in a report file for further analysis. The software solution simplifies the process of document verification, improves the quality of documents, and contributes to the standardization of reporting in organizations, reducing the time and resources required.
The results of the work demonstrate that an automated approach to document verification can significantly improve the quality of data processing and facilitate documentation management, contributing to the further development of computer engineering and optimization of work processes.
Key words: Text analysis; Document analysis; Standard control of documents; MS Word; Docx.
CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS
Authors: Yurchak I.Yu. , Kychuk O.O. , Oksentyuk V.M. , Khich A.O.
Published: December 2024

The work is dedicated to the study of large language models (LLMs) and approaches to improving their efficiency in a new service. The rapid development of LLMs based on transformer architecture has opened up new possibilities in natural language processing and the automation of various tasks. However, fully utilizing the potential of these models requires a thorough approach and consideration of numerous factors.
A review of the evolution of large language models was conducted, highlighting leading companies engaged in the research and development of efficient systems. The structure of these models and ways of representing internal knowledge were examined. Key approaches to training were described, including data collection, preprocessing, and selecting appropriate neural network architectures used in large language models. It was noted that the greatest breakthrough was achieved with the Transformer neural network, which is based on the attention mechanism.
A comparison of popular transformer-based chatbots was presented, namely: ChatGPT, Claude AI, and Gemini AI. Their metrics, capabilities, and limitations were identified.
The relevance of the topic lies in the rapid development of natural language processing technologies and the growing demand for large language models across various industries. The effective use of these models has tremendous potential to improve productivity and the quality of work with textual data. However, due to the complexity of the architecture and the large amounts of data required for training, selecting and configuring the optimal model for a specific task is a challenging process.
As a result of the study, recommendations for developers were provided on the use of popular open-source models in the new service or integration with third-party programs. The characteristics of the models, their strengths, limitations, and certain caveats regarding trust in the generated results were indicated.
Keywords: large language models, transformer architecture, neural networks, chatbot, content generation.
Study of sorption of Мn2+ ions by natural clinoptilolite
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Pyrih M. A. , Znak Z. O. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: December 2024

The process of modification of natural clinoptilolite, pre-enriched by the main component, with manganese ions from nitrate solutions as precursors for obtaining manganese (IV) oxide was studied. The value of the sorption capacity of different fractions of clinoptilolite with respect to manganese ions at room temperature was determined, and the sorption rate and rate constants of this process were calculated. The influence of the concentration of manganese nitrate solution on the sorption capacity of certain fractions of zeolite was determined. The course of ion exchange between the exchangeable cations of clinoptilolite and manganese ions was analyzed, and the selectivity of this process was established.
Designing features of the crystalline sodium chlorate installation by a periodical process
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Slyuzar А. V. , Blazhivskyi K. I. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Bodak P. M. ,   Hatch Kuettner, Essen, Germany, Ohlashennyy Yu. I. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Blazhivskyi O. K. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: December 2024

Sodium chlorate is an important product for the Ukrainian and global economy. Based on the study of the stages of electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride and the separation of chloride-chlorate solutions by evaporation-crystallization, a design of a periodical action installation for the production of crystalline sodium chlorate was developed. The research results showed that it is possible to avoid the stage of hot filtration of the suspension after evaporation and, in general, to simplify the technology and reduce its energy consumption. Design solutions are also aimed at using renewable energy sources for the processes.
Evaluation of the efficiency of filtration drying for industrial drying of brewer's spent grain
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ivashchuk O. S. , Atamanyuk V. M. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Chyzhovych R. A. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: December 2024

The main indicators of the filtration drying process of barley brewer’s spent grains for industrial drying, as well as the parameters of the necessary drying equipment, were calculated. To compare the effectiveness of the filtration method of drying barley brewer’s spent grain, the drying was calculated for a similar technical task in a rotary dryer. It was found that filtration drying can reduce the required drying time by more than 10 times while increasing the specific energy consumption for removing 1 kg of moisture by 16.8 % compared to drying in the rotary dryer.
Assessment of Concrete Pavement Performance on Istanbul's BRT Lines
Authors: Kıcı Aydin
Published: December 2024

The performance of concrete pavements is directly related to stresses and vertical displacements generated by vehicle loads. Selecting appropriate pavement and base thickness is crucial for extending service life in heavy vehicle areas like Istanbul's bus rapid transit lines. This study aims to calculate the maximum stress and vertical displacements caused by Istanbul's bus rapid transit vehicles on concrete pavements. There are currently four types of buses actively operating on Istanbul's bus rapid transit line, each with different axle configurations and load capacities. Stresses and vertical displacements were calculated for the heaviest axle configuration of these buses under edge and center loading conditions using the Finite Element Method (FEM). These analyses were repeated across three different overlay conditions: concrete overlay of asphalt, concrete overlay of concrete, and concrete overlay on granular base. A total of 24 analyses, covering various loading conditions and pavement configurations, were conducted using the EverFE software. This research reveals maximum stress and vertical displacement values under various loading conditions, base properties, and slab thicknesses, offering critical insights for determining pavement thickness and guiding maintenance strategies. This study also fills the gap in the literature regarding the determination of concrete pavement thickness for BRT lines.
Enhancing Photovoltaic Panels Passive Heat Dissipation through Fin Parameter Optimization
Authors: Gupta Nisha , Kumar Koli Dr.Dinesh
Published: December 2024

The magnitude of heat developed during the operation of photovoltaic (PV) panels greatly affects their efficiency because higher temperatures decrease their power output and lifespan. This study explains the active and passive cooling techniques for PV cells by fin parameter optimisation of heat dissipation. Computations were performed using CFD to compare the performance of three fin types: rectangular, trapezoidal, and triangular. The research considered the configuration parameters of the size of fins, thickness, and spacing to determine their effects on the enhancement in cooling with efficiency. Of these analyzed configurations, trapezoidal fins showed better cooling performance, followed by triangular and then rectangular fins. The results thus point to the tremendous potential that optimized passive cooling techniques have in enhancing the thermal management and efficiency of photovoltaic panels, thereby making solar energy a more sustainable and efficient tool in fulfilling global demands.
Moderná demokracia a právo v kríze
Authors:   Trenčianska univerzita Alexandra Dubčeka v Trenčíne, Šmihula Daniel
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the crisis of modern democracy and law. It sees its main sources in the following trends: the growth of income and property inequality, the concentration of political power in the hands of the professional elite, differentiated access to justice, the hypertrophy of the security apparatus, the growth of the number of hard-to-assimilate immigrants, the influence of the ideology of cultural and moral relativism, the decline in the birth rate, radical pacifism, devaluation of the institution of citizenship, demilitarization of society, uncontrolled growth of the influence of alternative media, spread of disinformation and hybrid war against Western democracies, virtual political parties, growth of political populism, population aging, power challengers from the former periphery. Law is degraded by the following factors: hypertrophy of law, high frequency of changes, inflation of law, ideologization of law, sexualization of law, commercialization of law, politicization of law, dualism of national and European law.
Několik poznámek k pojetí a funkčnosti demokratického právního státu v České republice
Authors:   Univerzita Karlova, Právnická fakulta, Gerloch Aleš
Published: December 2024

The author analyses selected aspects of the democratic concept of the Czech Republic, expressing the principle of legitimacy, and the legal character of the state, based on the principle of legality. These two approaches are complementary in nature, but sometimes they also collide. The paper also draws attention to extra-institutional elements of contemporary democratic rule of law and to the issue of increasing the effectiveness or functionality of its operation in the changing conditions of the present and of the near future.
Invisible nationhood on the path of visible nation‑building. A sketch of the public status of the Roma nationality from dualism to state socialism
Authors:   HUN-REN CSS ILS, Timár Balázs
Published: December 2024

The main aim of this study is to describe the public situation of the Hungarian Roma between 1867 and 1945. From the point of view of Hungarian history, the period under study is divided into two parts, since before the First World War we can speak of a multiethnic and multicultural state, while after 1918 the question of a very heterogeneous Roma population in an ethnically homogeneous country arises. Within this system, I would like to interpret the limits of the possibilities of nation-building by the Gypsies, especially with regard to the extent to which they were recognised as a separate nationality and the extent to which they were denied their own culture, language, and customs. The paper also aims to show how they were marginalized from the periphery, how they became declassed elements in the Hungarian society of the time.
Platnosť právnych predpisov v kontexte judikatúry Ústavného súdu Slovenskej republiky
Authors:   Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach, Právnická fakulta, Dobrovičová Gabriela
Published: December 2024

This paper addresses selected findings of the Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic that relate to the topic of validity of law as an attribute for the existence of law. It aims at the analysis of decisions that reflect the change in the ruling of the Constitutional Court regarding its jurisprudence on the validity and effectiveness of legal regulations. It presents critical thoughts about the acceptance of duplicity in the publication process of legal regulations issued by the bodies of the state administration and challenges it as a legal condition for the validity of these legal regulations. It particularly negatively evaluates the decision of the Constitutional Court to suspend the effectiveness of the challenged legal act before the legal act becomes valid.
„Obsahovo presýtené ústavy“ a súčasný ústavný vývoj v strednej Európe
Authors:   Národná univerzita pre verejnú službu – HUN-REN, Halász Ivan ,   Spoločenskovedné výskumné centrum v Budapešti
Published: December 2024

The paper deals with the current constitutional development in Centrel Europe from the aspect of their growing content.Naturally, every constitution is the product of a specific age, society and political mentality. However, since the 18th century, there has been a core of content that modern constitutions should have. The content of the world‘s constitutions would range from modest and narrow constitutions to saturated constitutions with many declarative and innovative elements. After the fall of communist regimes in 1989, the first type was more fashionable in the Central European region, but the last decades of crisis and technical progress brought with it the expansion of the content of constitutions. These trends are also evident in Central Europe. Many novel and ideological elements characterize mainly the Hungarian Fundamental Law adopted in 2011. The classical tradition is mostly followed by the Czech Constitution of 1993. The Polish Constitution of 1997, which is the most stable and balanced constitution in the region, is partly in a similar situation, but the constituent forces also had to make some ideological compromises when it was born (invocatio Dei, definition of family and agricultural economy etc.) The current Slovak constitution from 1992 is in the intermediate position. It was born in the period, for which was typical moderate attitude, but the Slovak parliament know to change its content in the relativelly easy mode.
Současný stav harmonizace smluvních pravidel
Authors:   University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic, Novotný Jiří
Published: December 2024

According to the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU, the Union adopts measures designed to ensure the functioning of the internal market in accordance with the relevant provisions of its founding treaties. One of these measures is measures to approximate the provisions of the legal and administrative regulations of the Member States in order to achieve the right balance between achieving a high level of consumer protection and promoting the competitiveness of businesses. Fundamental to achieving the intended goal of creating and securing an internal market across member states was the intention to harmonize the substantive private law of member states through the adoption of contract law rules. At the turn of the millennium, the Commission initiated the creation of a Common Reference Framework, which was supposed to provide clear definitions of legal terms, basic principles and interconnected model rules of contract law based on the EC acquis and the best solutions found in the legal systems of the member states. However, more than twenty years have passed since this initiative of the Commission. The presented article deals with the current state of harmonization of private law with the question, which areas of private law are currently crucial for ensuring the functioning of the internal market?
Právo a politika
Authors:   Ústav štátu a práva SAV, Bárány Eduard
Published: December 2024

Statutory law and international law are products of politics. They regulate different spheres of society which do not operate in accordance with interests and will of society and especially it´s elites. In a state governed by the rule of law any activity of government needs a legal base. Politics regulates itself by law. It is the source of mi sure of law in political contest. There are various ways of this abuse, but the worst is any connection of criminal law with politics.
Paradoxy právnej regulácie v súčasnej spoločnosti
Authors:   Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Filozofická fakulta, Katedra sociológie, Lubelcová Gabriela
Published: December 2024

The contribution is devoted to sociological reflection on the paradoxes that stand before the legal system as a key normative social system in the conditions of the current individualized and fragmented society with the particularization of its functional systems. Questions arise: Is the requirement of legal certainty possible in conditions of changeable reality? How to achieve functional adaptability of law? It is a call for internal changes in the principles of positive law (especially public law): from „defining“ law to „negotiating“ law, from law in a codified form, defining the desired state, to law regulating rules for agreement, negotiation of differentiated interests plugged in actors.
Zákon o meste Košice v kontexte mestských častí
Authors:   Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach, Fakulta verejnej správy, Andrejčák Jozef
Published: December 2024

The paper is focused on the latest amendment to the Act No. 401/1990 Coll. on the City of Košice. The amendment in question concerned the parts that regulate the conditions for resolving the boundaries of the city districts of the city of Košice. The legislator approved the deletion of the possibility of holding a local referendum in the city district that would be affected by the potential merger or creation of new city districts. This step can also be seen as creating a more efficient space that allows the city council to implement a new arrangement of city districts.
At the same time, however, some city districts are talking about the loss and withdrawal of the right to hold a local referendum on the issue of a possible solution to the change in the number of city districts, as one of the forms of direct implementation of self-government.
One of the problems of territorial self-government in the Slovak Republic is the high number of municipalities and the resulting several problems. This also applies to the city of Košice, which faces several problems due to its high number of city districts, compared to neighboring countries. One of the current issues is therefore the reform of the municipality of Košice.
Agreement as one of the alternative ways for the exercise of local self‑government in Slovakia
Authors:   P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Public Administration, Král Rastislav , Vernarský Martin ,   P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Public Administration
Published: December 2024

The paper presents a view of the current environment of local self-government in Slovakia in the context of the possibilities for municipalities to involve consensus elements, especially the institute of agreement, in the performance of public administration. The article presents the purpose and role of the agreement as an obligatory or optional element in achieving the goals and fulfilling the tasks of public administration. It introduces agreement as a prerequisite for the establishment, change or termination of legal relations. At the same time, it presents examples where the agreement itself is an instrument for the exercise of public authority.
Specifika skončení pracovního poměru mezi spolkem a jeho členem výpovědí ze strany spolku
Authors:   University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic, Neklová Markéta Dittrich
Published: December 2024

In this paper I present a current issue on the confines of labor law and law of civil associations („spolek“). Namely, termination of employment of an ex-member of the association in question. The issue is still hotly contested and pending before courts, and presents an intriguing interplay of civil, labour, and even penal law.
Nejen k pracovnímu poměru na dobu určitou z hlediska novely zákoníku práce
Authors:   University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic, Morávek Jakub
Published: December 2024

The paper is focused on the legal regulation of fixed-term employment. The author critically evaluates the current decision-making practice of high courts (The Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court). In addition, the author presents his considerations de lege ferenda.
Furthermore, the paper is focused to selected points of the draft of the current amendment to the Labour Code. Specifically, it focuses on the proposal to change the legal regulation of the probationary period, the notice period or the delivery of documents to the employee in his own hands.
Zaměstnanci nebo OSVČ? První rozhodnutí evropských soudů
Authors:   University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic, Obadalová Kateřina
Published: December 2024

Article focuses on dependent work within work based on digital platform as Wolt, Bolt or Uber and another companies. Nowadays are most of them waiting for the result which new european directive stating work conditions will bring and what changes are they going to make in relation with implementation this directive into legal system. Before it will happen, let have a look at the european courts's decision and its opinion on whether these wokers can be considered as employees or not.
Flexibilita a digitalizace pracovního práva
Authors:   Panevropská univerzita, Fakulta VŠPP, Katedra práva, Šmíd David
Published: December 2024

This paper provides an outline of current state of digitisation in Czech labour law. It notes the challenges faced therein in the context of societal developments, including the much more „digital“ nature of life of current younger generation – „generation Alpha“. The key development to focus on is flexibilisation of labour relationships.
Důvěra v právo jako vyjádření vztahu společnosti a práva
Authors:   Masarykova univerzita, Právnická fakulta, Večeřa Miloš
Published: December 2024

The phenomenon of trust is reflected not only in the field of interpersonal relations, but also in the sphere of trust in law, social institutions and society. Trust in law can be understood as the reliance of legal persons and society on justice and the functionality of law as a system of legal norms and legal relationships. It expresses the belief and recognition of law as a means of functional organization of the affairs of individuals, social groups and society. Trust in law is a part of individual, group and social legal consciousness and contributes to the acceptance of the law and its legitimacy in society. It represents one of the prerequisites for the functioning of a democratic state as a rule of law.
Operacionální teorie práva
Authors:   University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic, Cvrček František
Published: December 2024

The author of the article proposes the concept of creating an operational theory of law, which is based on linguistic and legal analysis of data, i.e. complete sets of legal documents. By theory in this sense, we mean a conceptual structure that explicates data. It is clear from the studies to date that the normative concepts of classical theory of law cannot be operationalized. The author sees the starting point in recognizing atomic legal terms and creating networks representing their relations. Theoretical concepts are functions operating above an empirical structure.
Právně filosofické aspekty umělé inteligence
Authors:   Univerzita Karlova, Právnická fakulta, Koloušek Martin
Published: December 2024

This paper discusses the philosophical implications of legal decision making by the means of artificial intelligence tools. Through the perspective of philosophies of Aristotle and Ludwig Wittgenstein it is shown that the nature of law is deeply connected to the social and political nature of men and the interpersonal nature of language and norms. On this basis, the paper argues that an important element of the functioning of law is trust, a trust between people, that exists on the basis of humans being political animals. Any AI tool fails this condition, and therefore is not suitable to make legal decisions.
Chvála populismu
Authors:   Univerzita Karlova, Právnická fakulta, Maršálek Pavel
Published: December 2024

The author of this paper attempts to rethink the dominant a priori negative conception of populism. He sees populism as a correction of politics that has become too far removed from the people. He shows that it is not anti-democratic. The author finds the meaning of populism in protecting society from social instability and cultural destruction.
Arquitecto Alfredo Conti
Authors: Andrade Gisel , Aversa Maria , Coletti Renaldo , Del Río Juan Pablo
Published: December 2024

Este ensayo reconoce la destacada labor académica y científica del Arquitecto Alfredo Conti, quien fue parte fundamental del Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Territorio y el Ambiente de la Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (LINTA-CIC), tanto en su rol de investigador como de director. Se considera especialmente su esfuerzo por fortalecer el Laboratorio dentro del Sistema Científico Técnico Provincial y su contribución en temas relacionados con la planificación territorial en general y el estudio del patrimonio en particular. Se subraya su presencia y calidez humana, así como su calidad profesional, que trascendió el ámbito nacional.El escrito se estructura en tres ejes: en primer lugar, se examina su trayectoria institucional en el LINTA, su rol como investigador y director de la CIC; en segundo lugar, se analiza su contribución a la valorización y valoración del patrimonio tanto a nivel teórico como metodológico, para el análisis y la gestión a nivel nacional e internacional; y, en tercer lugar, se destaca su generosidad en la promoción de la formación de recursos humanos, fortaleciendo el sistema académico y científico como profesor, investigador y divulgador. Además, incluyen algunos trabajos relevantes realizados en el LINTA con impacto significativo en la comunidad bonaerense.
The rise of fintech: Transforming financial markets through mobile trading applications
Authors: Zéman Zoltán , Bárczi Judit , Malatyinszki Szilárd
Published: December 2024

Analysis, the authors examine the opportunities and threats using the keyword search option of the SCOPUS database. The research shows a significant shift towards the adoption of technological innovations, especially artificial intelligence and fintech solutions. Collaboration patterns indicate a multidisciplinary approach, but in the process, opportunities for efficiency gains and value-added services are identified as well as challenges and threats. It is important for researchers to stay current. This highlights the need for professionals to proactively adapt to mitigate technological risks.
Proposed strategy for developing administrative leadership at King Khalid University in light of the human capacity development program
Authors: Alqahtani Abdulaziz Saeed
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study is to identify the requirements for qualifying administrative leaders and the challenges they face at King Khalid University, in light of the general framework of the Human Capacities Development Program, which includes four dimensions (values and behaviours-basic skills-future skills-knowledge). A descriptive approach was used, and the study population consisted of academic leaders at King Khalid University, totalling (107). A questionnaire was used as a research tool, comprising three axes and (53) statements to collect data after ensuring their validity and reliability. The results showed the agreement of the study population on the axis of requirements for qualifying administrative leaders at King Khalid University to a very high degree, with an average score of (4.44), and their agreement on the challenges facing the qualification of administrative leaders at King Khalid University to a very high degree, with an average score of (4.11), and their agreement on the mechanisms for qualifying administrative leaders at King Khalid University to a very high degree, with an average score of (4.29). The results also showed no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the means of responses of the study population on the requirements, challenges, and mechanisms for qualifying administrative leaders according to variables (gender-academic qualification—experience in the current job). In light of the study results, a proposed strategy was developed, and recommendations were made, including adopting the proposed strategy and governing the programs for qualifying administrative leaders at King Khalid University to ensure transparency, fairness, and accountability at all stages from nomination, preparation, and evaluation, in addition to considering the university’s strategic plan when designing programs for qualifying administrative leaders to adopt the values embraced by the administration and build leaders who contribute to achieving its vision and mission in the long term.
An empirical analysis of corporate ‘derivatives’ effects on the underlying stock price exposure: South African evidence
Authors: Chikwira Collin , Rawjee Veena Parboo
Published: December 2024

In order to diversify a portfolio, find prices, and manage risk, derivatives products are now necessary. There is a lack of understanding of the true influence of derivatives on the behavior of the underlying assets, their volatility consequences, and their pricing as complex instruments. There is a dearth of empirical research on how these instruments impact company risk exposures and inconsistent findings. This study examines corporate derivatives’ impact on stock price exposure and systematic risk in South African non-financial firms. Using a dataset of listed firms from 2013 to 2023, we employ Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models to assess the effect of derivatives on return volatility and beta, a measure of systematic risk. Additionally, we apply the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to address potential endogeneity between firm characteristics and derivatives use. Our findings suggest that firms using derivatives experience lower overall volatility and reduced systematic risk compared to non-users. The results are robust to various control factors, including firm size, leverage, and macroeconomic conditions. This study fills a gap in the literature by focusing on an underrepresented emerging market and provides insights relevant to global risk management practices.
Smart cities policies for urban development: Systematic insight into public value creation
Authors: Barbieri Roberta , Natale Francesco , Cattivelli Valentina , Coluccia Benedetta
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, urban ecosystems require major transformations aimed at addressing the current challenges of urbanization. In recent decades, policy makers have increasingly turned their attention to the smart city paradigm, recognizing its potential to promote positive changes. The smart city, through the conscious use of technologies and sustainability principles, allows for urban development. The scientific literature on smart cities as catalysts of public value continues to develop rapidly and there is a need to systematize its knowledge structure. Through a three-phase methodological approach, combining bibliometric, network and content analyses, this study provides a systematic review of the scientific literature in this field. The bibliometric results showed that public value is experiencing an evolutionary trend in smart cities, representing a challenging research topic for scholars. Network analysis of keyword co-occurrences identified five different clusters of related topics in the analyzed field. Content analysis revealed a strong focus on stakeholder engagement as a lever to co-create public value and a greater emphasis on social equity over technological innovation and environmental protection. Furthermore, it was observed that although environmental concerns were prioritized during the policy planning phase, their importance steadily decreased as the operational phases progressed.