bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Periodontal treatment of multirooted teeth
Authors: Highfield John E.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Periodontally involved multirooted teeth constitute a particular problem in periodontal therapy because of the difficulty of eliminating pocketting and producing a post‐operative result which allows effective plaque control to be exercised within the involved furcation area. Various methods of treating involved furcations are described together with their limitations.
Pyogenic dental infections: a ten year review
Authors: Woods Robin
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A review is presented of 140 cases of acute dental pyogenic infections. The types of bacteria associated with these infections and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns are discussed and related to earlier reports. The incidence of antibiotic allergy, the principal contraindication to the use of certain antibiotics, has been assessed and appropriate alternative antibiotics are considered.
Systemic problems affecting dental treatment*
Authors: Sutherland K. J. G.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— —Dental treatment rendered to patients suffering from various systemic problems may need to be varied from that normally given to healthy patients. This paper deals with these problems and recommends the precautionary measures that should be taken to avoid serious consequences.
The cost of school dental care: a preliminary economic analysis
Authors: Blaikie David C. , Weidenhofer Robert N. G.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— —The cost of school dental care provided by the South Australian School Dental Service is compared with the cost of funding similar care through an hypothetical alternative based on fee‐for‐service. The results of both cost‐benefit and cost‐effective analysis suggest that the school dental programme is an economically acceptable method of delivering school dental care.
Alveolar osteitis (dry socket) — a review
Authors: Jensen John O.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— —The literature on “dry socket” is reviewed. The diagnosis, incidence and predisposing factors are discussed in relation to its aetiology. Treatment regimes are outlined; in particular, the use of anti‐fibrinolytic drugs.
A clinical evaluation of benzydamine hydrochloride
Authors: Hunter K. MacD.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— —A double‐blind clinical trial of the effects of the use of benzydamine hydrochloride for patients undergoing the surgical removal of impacted lower third molar teeth showed no significant effects on swelling and trismus between control and experimental groups, although a significant reduction in the post‐operative consumption of analgesics was noted.
A review of modern impression materials*
Authors: Harcourt J. K.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— —A number of new elastic impression materials have been developed over the past few years. The working time, setting time, elasticity at set, permanent deformation, dimensional change on setting and long‐term stability were determined for several of these impression materials. The new addition type silicone impression materials proved superior to the other materials tested, but all materials were capable of giving good clinical results.
The effect of alloy composition on the development of internal porosity in cast structures
Authors: Lewis A. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— —A number of metallic elements were added singly and in combination to a simple nickel‐chromium alloy. The effect of alloy composition was determined by radiographic and metallographic examination.
Regressive formula to determine vertical dimension in the edentulous
Authors: Domitti Saide Sarckis , Consani Simonides
Published: May 2009

Abstract— —The distances between the cephalometric points of 380 patients with complete natural dental arches were measured. A correlation between the bizygomatic, nasion‐subnasal and subnasal‐gnathion distances and the vertical dimension was established and a mathematical formula was derived to enable determination of both the physiologic rest position and vertical dimension at centric occlusion in edentulous patients.
Acute stomatitis medicamentosa. Two case reports
Authors: Smith Neville
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Two cases of acute drug reaction with oral mucosal lesions and problems of diagnosis in the absence of specific clinical and histopathological findings are presented.
The effect of irradiation and heat on the content of adrenaline in commercially manufactured local anaesthetic solutions—a pilot study
Authors: Gerke D. C. , Crabb G. A. , Frewin D. B.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Carpules of commercially available local anaesthetic solutions containing adrenaline have been exposed to varying conditions of heat, ultra‐violet and infra‐red light over a period of two months. The adrenaline content in the solutions was assessed by fluorometric assay both at the commencement of study and at regular intervals over the period of exposure. Infra‐red light appeared to have little or no effect on the concentration of adrenaline, while ultra‐violet light, either alone or in combination with infra‐red light, caused the adrenaline levels to diminish rapidly. The results suggest that the ultra‐violet component of light is probably responsible for the breakdown of catecholamines in local anaesthetic solutions when these solution are stored in areas exposed to sunlight.
Aesthetic considerations in full denture prosthodontics*
Authors: Penhall B.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The support of the lower lip by the upper anterior teeth is an important consideration in achieving a good aesthetic result. Care must be exercised to ensure that the “orthodontic limits” of the patient are not compromised.
Furcation involvement—a suggested rationale for treatment
Authors: Bower Robert C. , Henry Patrick J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Furcation involvement is classified and methods of treatment discussed. Evidence is presented to indicate that altered plaque elimination techniques are essential in the furcation region.
Removing broken roots—a simple method
Authors: Cerny R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A simple technique for removal of fractured root fragments using an endodontic file and a pair of needle holders is described.
The expectations of the dental graduate*
Authors: Hume W. R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The young dental graduate expects to deliver a certain standard of health care to the community. It is likely that both the standard of care required by the Australian people and the proportion of the population seeking treatment will increase in the coming decades. The dental profession has a responsibility to meet these demands. Although dentists should expect adequate monetary return for their activities, it would be improper to limit entry into the profession solely on the grounds of seeking to maintain some present datum line of “economic viability” of practice.
Dendritic crystallization
Authors: Lewis A. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The fundamentals of dendritic crystallization are presented. Examples illustrating the processes and structures involved have been obtained by the metallurgical examination of specimens of the base metal partial denture casting alloys.
Nutrition counselling in oral disease*
Authors: Steel Joan E.
Published: May 2009

“The lack of nutrition makes the teeth weak, thin and brittle. An excess of nutrition excites a kind of inflammation similar to that of the soft parts. A deficiency of nourishment not only causes the tooth to die away but also enlarges the cavities.”
Ten years of fluoridation in Perth, Western Australia
Authors: Medcalf G W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The caries experience of children aged six, eight, and ten years, examined in Perth after ten years of fluoridation was less than half that of children examined before fluoridation. In a concurrent survey, the caries experience of children examined in two unfluoridated towns was double that of the Perth children.
Analysis of the effects of treatment on some reflexes of human jaw elevator muscles*
Authors: Griffin C. J. , MacLean A. J. , Yaeger J. A. , Munro R. R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Electromyographic analysis was carried out prior to occlusal equilibration for patients who had some form of TMJ dysfunction and again after treatment. The results were compared with similar analyses for patients without any symptoms of dysfunction (controls) and for patients who had been wearing some kind of occlusal appliance as treatment for dysfunction. The parameters measured were the period of minimal activity (inactive phase of jaw elevators sometimes referred to as the inactive phase), the duration of muscle contraction before tooth contact (DMC), the period of muscle activity after tooth contact (latency), the inhibitory response, and the duration of the clench phase of the temporal and masseter muscles. In general the pathological series had longer cycles, longer DMC, longer clench phases and less significant correlation coefficients than the controls. The results indicated a dominance of the closing muscles in the pathological groups over the other parameters of the cycle during metronome monitoring. Also, the controls and the POST equilibration group yielded readily to cortical command. The parameters of the cycle in the POST‐equilibration group were facilitated as compared to the other groups.
Hypnotherapy in the treatment of oro‐facial pain*
Authors: Gerschman Jack , Burrows Graham , Reade Peter
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A continuing study at the Oro‐Facial Pain Clinic, The Royal Dental Hospital of Melbourne has demonstrated that hypnotherapy is a useful tool in the management of previously resistant, chronic facial pain disorders, discomfort conditions and dental phobic illness.
Crown construction to the lingual margin of a partial denture
Authors: Jackman M. P. , Taylor M. L.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A technique is described which ensures that the interface between a newly constructed crown and an existing partial denture is accurate and neither crown nor denture need adjustment. At no time does the patient have to be without the denture. A silver plated die with a double dowelling technique is used.
The use of mixtures of octapressin* and adrenaline in local anaesthetic solutions to obtain more effective vasoconstriction
Authors: Gerke D. C. , Halloran T. N. , Frewin D. B. , Frost B. R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The synergistic effects of felypressin with adrenaline have been studied using the isolated central artery of the rabbit ear as a vascular model. Sub‐constrictor doses of felypressin were shown to increase adrenaline's vasoconstrictor effect on this vessel. It is therefore suggested that a mixture of felypressin and adrenaline be used in local anaesthetic solutions in order to provide more effective vasoconstriction.
New units in haematology
Authors: Booth David R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Results of haematological tests are now reported in Systeme Internationale (SI) units. The new and old units showing normal ranges for the most frequently used tests are presented. Some implications of normal values are mentioned.
The influence of design and production on the structural integrity of tensile test specimens and stated values for mechanical properties
Authors: Lewis A. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Two sizes of tensile test specimens were produced, the smaller of them by several techniques each incorporating a particular casting variable. All castings were subsequently subjected to radiographic evaluation and mechanical testing. An attempt has been made to relate the application of each variable to the degree of metal integrity produced in the specimens and ultimately to mechanical behaviour.
Dental manpower in Victoria
Authors: Spratley M. H.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Data on the number and source of dentists registered in Victoria, the impact of changes in practice, the use of auxiliaries, and the role of women in dentistry are discussed.
The ultrastructural localization of the corrosion products of dental amalgam
Authors: Ellender Graham , Ham Kathryn N. , Harcourt John K.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The ultrastructural localization of corrosion products released from dental amalgam implants in rat subcutaneous tissue was studied by means of a sulphide‐silver technique. Implants stimulated a prolonged inflammatory response with delayed granulation tissue formation and slow and faulty collagen formation. The metallic corrosion products were found both in cells and in association with matrix components.

Intracellular metal deposits were predominantly in the cytoplasmic matrix and in vacuoles in the early (19 day) lesions, but at 60 days there was metal in many nuclei, both viable and dead. Collagen fibrils had metal on the surface and vascular basement membranes had granules of bound metals.
Sedation for dental treatment of infants. I. Physiology and pharmacology
Authors: Woods Robin
Published: May 2009

Abstract— —The principal functions of the central nervous system, the pharmacology, and the effect on the central nervous system, of a number of drugs used for a sedation technique for young children are described. This information is presented as a foundation for the application of clinical procedures.
Susceptibility to dental caries
Authors: Steinman Ralph R. , Leonora John , Tieche Jean‐Marc
Published: May 2009

Abstract— —The role of the pulp and saliva in caries susceptibility and resistance was evaluated by a combination of endodontic treatment and desalivation. Evidence was presented that the pulp plays a major role in caries susceptibility. Pulpal activity is modified by a hormonal factor or factors of salivary gland origin. Saliva appears to play a minor role in resistance to caries.
Anterior crowns and gingival health
Authors: Janenko Catherine , Smales R. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— —Clinical examination was made of 101 aluminous porcelain jacket crowns and 88 porcelain bonded to metal crowns. Overcontouring of the crowns appeared to be less important in causing gingivitis than the location of margins, marginal defects, and unglazed surfaces. Laboratory studies showed a marginal gap of 154±90 μm in the fit of porcelain jacket crowns on brass dies. Retention of plaque on well‐glazed surfaces could not be detected and polished gold showed no plaque formation except along some marginal defects.
Dental plaque ecology related to caries and periodontal diseases*
Authors: Newbrun Ernest
Published: May 2009

Abstract— —Dental plaque consists of a dynamic microbiota which responds to ecological changes. There are major technical difficulties in obtaining representative plaque samples and in dispersing, cultivating, identifying and quantifying the microbial components. Cumulative findings on plaque microbiota associated with dental caries and different forms of periodontal disease support the specific plaque hypothesis. However, the data do not permit designation of any single organism as the distinct aetiological agent. The characteristic pattern is autogenic succession, in which one or more microbial species alter the plaque environment and are replaced or succeeded by other species.
A comparison between the diametral and double‐punch testing of a dental gypsum
Authors: Boswell P. G. , Stevens L.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— —The tensile strength of a dental gypsum was measured indirectly using both the diametral and the double‐punch tests. Observed differences between the effects of specimen size on the diametral and double‐punch strengths could be consistently interpreted in terms of the statistical theory of brittle fracture. The double‐punch test, when compared with the diametral test, has several important advantages. These advantages include less experimental scatter, a weaker dependence of the measured strength on the specimen size and a simpler testing procedure.
Childhood fear and anxiety states in relation to dental treatment
Authors: Brown John P. , Smith Ira T.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— —Five years experience by the authors in organizing a dental psychology clinic has impressed on them that many excessively fearful child patients have a history of untoward dental and medical experiences which might have been prevented.

A background to an understanding of fear and anxiety in children is presented, and two cases are described to illustrate straight‐forward behaviour modification techniques which can be used to help the fearful or excessively anxious child cope with dental treatment.
Radiolucent and radio‐opaque images of the jaws*
Authors: Grimes Wilfred D.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A discussion of the value of radiography as an aid in the field of oral diagnosis, based upon an accurate radiographic technique and a sound knowledge of normal anatomy and of pathology in the interpretation of the resulting radiographic image.
The maxillo‐septal syndrome and temporomandibular joint dysfunction
Authors: Griffin C. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The results of twenty patients treated for the maxillo‐septal syndrome and associated temporomandibular joint dysfunction are reported as well as the method of treatment. The treatment plan included rapid maxillary expansion with either a fixed or removable appliance, retention of the increased maxillary width with a Hawley retainer, simultaneous increase in mandibular width with a Crozat appliance. Finally the occlusion was equilibrated. Certain cases are discussed in detail and maxillary expansion was usually restricted to between 1. 0 and 2.0 mm.
Preparation of uniform cylindrical amalgam test pieces
Authors: Darvell B. W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A simple die made from inexpensive materials for use in the preparation of uniform test pieces of amalgam is described.
Incisor caries in Western Australian children
Authors: Medcalf G. W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— In a comparison of caries of the incisor teeth often year old children living in a fluoridated area and those living in a non‐fluoridated area, the prevalence of proximal lesions was found to be low (three teeth per 100 children) in the fluoridated area.
Dental health in Australian society. A first‐year elective subject in the undergraduate curriculum*
Authors: Homan B. T.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Because a percentage of undergraduate students in their clinical years were dissatisfied or undecided with their career choice, a first‐year elective subject was introduced to increase their socio‐dental awareness at the earliest opportunity.

The course content, student reaction over a four‐year period, and a profile of the attitudes and aspirations of first‐year students are described.
The incidence of osteoa‐rthritis of the temporomandibular joint in various cultures
Authors: Griffin C. J. , Powers Rosemary , Kruszynski Robert
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Three hundred and forty‐eight cranial remains from Bronze and Iron Age British, Romano‐British, Anglo‐Saxon, Eastern Coast Australian aborigines, Medieval Christian Norse, Medieval Scarborough, 17–20th century British and German cultures were examined for the presence of osteo‐arthritis in the temporomandibular joints. Cultures exposed to more stringent living conditions and with well‐worn teeth had about twice the incidence of osteo‐arthritis as the more sophisticated cultures. In general, loss of either molar support or occlusal imbalance were potent aetiological factors in this disease.
The resources centre in the dental school
Authors: McMaugh David R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The philosophy of the resources centre concept in education and its consequent application to tertiary dental education is outlined.
A metallographic evaluation of porosity occurring in removable partial denture castings
Authors: Lewis A. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Conveniently sized sections from six removable partial denture castings were examined metallographically for porosity. Abrupt changes in cross sectional areas were the sites of porosity in some specimens; also seen were small generalized areas of porosity unlikely to be disclosed radiographically.
Preventive, educational, and treatment priorities in a school dental programme
Authors: Blaikie David C. , Dooland Martin B.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Because of increased costs, school dental programmes should maintain the dental health of the maximum number of children possible. Suggestions are made on the priorities required in prevention and treatment provided for primary school children.
Treatment of cerebral palsied patients. A report on 33 years of treatment from 1946 to 1978
Authors: Watson A. O.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A programme of dental care for patients aged 2–50 years afflicted with cerebral palsy has been provided by a panel of honorary dentists during 33 years. The service has enabled the retention of the dentition in all but two of the patients treated. A total of 5,555 units of treatment were provided and 808 general anaesthetics administered.
The Princess Margaret Hospital Dental Unit
Authors: Brogan W. F.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— This article describes the development of the Dental Department at Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, Western Australia from its beginnings with the appointment of the first Honorary dentist in 1910. It details its state today as a comprehensive unit in which all dental specialities are represented and capable of handling any clinical or teaching duties which may present.

Princess Margaret Hospital is a large general teaching children's hospital of three hundred beds which handles one third of child admissions in the State. In addition, virtually all congenital abnormalities and conditions requiring specialized unit treatment are admitted.

Into this hospital the Dental Department has become fully integrated over the past thirteen years.
A sensible approach to working with children
Authors: Keys John , Jago John
Published: May 2009

Abstract— This article summarizes current literature on the behavioural responses of children in the dental situation, and advocates mutual participation between child and dentist whereby the child takes responsibility for his own oral care.
Endodontic treatment of primary teeth
Authors: Allen Kevin R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Endodontic treatment of primary teeth is undertaken by indirect pulp capping, direct pulp capping, formocresol pulpotomy and pulpectomy. The same treatment principles apply to both primary and permanent teeth with infected or necrotic pulps. The main differences are the use of formocresol for root canal medication and a resorbable zinc‐oxide and eugenol paste for root canal obturation.
Nutrition in childhood: the role of the dentist
Authors: Fanning Elizabeth A.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Major excesses and deficiencies in the Australian diet are discussed in relation to general and dental health. The combining of this information with analyses of food items such as breakfast cereals and “fast foods” enables the dental team to improve family nutrition by dietary counselling.
Assessing the effectiveness of dental health education in the South Australian School Dental Programme
Authors: Roder D. M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Approximately 25–30 per cent of operational time in the School Dental Programme is assigned to dental health education, representing a sizeable investment of public resources.

If the full potential of dental health education is to be realized, the respective effectiveness of various dental health education activities need to be identified so that the more effective activities can be emphasized and developed further.

As an essential prerequisite there is a need to refine the evaluation process by introducing: (1) improved dental indices; (2) improved methods of classifying and maintaining records of the dental health education activities undertaken; (3) better methods of quantifying dental care items and other social and environmental covariables; and (4) more sophisticated forms of multivariate analysis.
Australian Aboriginal studies
Authors: Kailis D. G.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Investigations carried out on 6–14 year‐old Aboriginal children resident at Bathurst Island and Groote Eylandt showed that the Groote Eylandt children had a higher prevalence of dental caries at statistically significant levels. This difference in prevalence was attributed to the greater financial affluence at Groote Eylandt.
Comparison of mesiodistal crown diameters of the deciduous and permanent teeth in Australian Aboriginals
Authors: Brown T. , Margetts B. , Townsend G. C.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Mesiodistal crown diameters of corresponding deciduous and permanent teeth were compared in 106 male and 66 female Aboriginal subjects from Yuendumu in the Northern Territory of Australia. On average, the size relationships were similar to those reported for Caucasoid groups but there was considerable variation between subjects, particularly in the deciduous first molar‐permanent first premolar comparison.
An ectopic maxillary second molar
Authors: Walsh M. R. , Smith N. H. H.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A rarely encountered ectopic and dilacerate maxillary second molar is described. The tooth was found to be attached to the medial wall of the maxillary sinus. Its location is thought to be due to ankylosis consequent to injury sustained during infancy.
A technique for direct bonding of unerupted teeth as an aid to orthodontics
Authors: Mouser Peter G.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A technique for direct bonding of an orthodontic mesh pad and chain to the unerupted tooth is presented and discussed.
Rational use of metronidazole
Authors: Altman E. G.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Metronidazole is the drug of choice in the chemotherapy of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. It is also used in high dosage in the chemoprophylaxis and treatment of many strictly anaerobic infections. Prolonged use has been advocated in the treatment of periodontitis. Attention is drawn to known drug interactions, toxic effects, and the possibility of development of resistant strains.
X‐ray mapping of dental amalgam using the electron microprobe
Authors: Bryant Roland W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Tin, copper, silver and mercury X‐ray maps were obtained for amalgams prepared from three “high copper” commercial alloys. The data obtained from quantitative analysis of a silver‐copper dispersed amalgam was subjected to major element analysis.

X‐ray mapping was found to reflect accurately the relative quantity of an element present in different regions of a map, thereby providing a reliable qualitative, part‐quantitative analysis of the structure of the amalgam.
The posterior palatal seal. A review
Authors: Ettinger Ronald L. , Scandrett Forrest R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The posterior palatal seal area is described and its anatomical borders are defined. The methods used to achieve a seal are (1) scraping the cast, (2) a selective loading impression technique, and (3) a physiological impression technique. Each method is described and its problems are discussed. It is delieved by the authors that the physiological impression technique using wax requires the least amount of skill and experience to master competently.
Efficiency of mechanical trituration of amalgam I. Optimum capsule length
Authors: Darvell B. W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The interaction of capsule length and oscillation amplitude has been studied in detail both empirically and theoretically. The previously reported optimum ratio of length: amplitude of π/2 was shown to be incorrect; that value in fact coinciding with a minimum in efficiency. Optimum performance was found to occur for that ratio lying in the range 0.5–1.3. The use of the performance criterion “success time” was shown to be effective in the study of such problems, and can thus be used as a basis for direct investigation of a number of mechanical amalgamation variables.
Methohexitone in dentistry*
Authors: McDonald David
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The results of 4,379 administrations of methohexitone to 2,722 patients by the minimal incremental technique are presented. The ages ranged 4–74 years: 1,129 were males and 1,593 females and of those 53 and 114 respectively received more than three administrations. Mean duration of treatment ranged from 8 to 32 minutes and the mean dosage was 151 mg. The most common complications were restlessness and respiratory difficulties. The results suggest that diazepam as a supplement did not prevent restlessness.
A simple shear test to evaluate the bond strength of ceramic fused to metal
Authors: Chong M. P. , Beech D. R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A simple shear test has been developed to evaluate the bond strength of porcelain fused to metal. Bond strengths to nickel chromium alloys were improved by using a proprietary bonding agent and, with one exception, by an electrodeposited layer of gold. The test was well able to discriminate between the various materials and treatments and the grouping of the results indicated three levels of bonding. The bond strengths appeared to correlate with porcelain type for a given surface condition.
A preliminary investigation into a method of producing a bond between glass‐ionomer cement and ceramics
Authors: Rogers Olbert W. , Griffith Jack R.
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT The advantages offered by glass‐ionomer cements would be greatly extended if they formed an attachment to ceramic materials.
South Australian kindergarten children: Effects of fluoride tablets and fluoridated water on dental caries in primary teeth
Authors: Fanning Elizabeth A. , Cellier K. M. , Somerville C. M.
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT Dental examinations of approximately 5,000 kindergarten children each year over a seven‐year period provided the data for a comparative study of the effects of fluoride tablets and fluoridated water on primary teeth. The lifetime use of fluoridated water resulted in caries‐free teeth in 80 per cent of children aged 3–4 years, 67 per cent of those aged 4–5 years, and 55 per cent of those aged 5–6 years. After a lifetime use of daily fluoride tablets the percentages were 87, 74, and 72, respectively. When neither fluoridated water nor tablets were available, the percentages were 69, 49, and 41, respectively. Water fluoridation is the most efficient public health measure because only seventeen per cent of the children taking tablets received them daily throughout life.
The dental health status of children not included by parents in the South Australian School Dental Programme. A pilot study
Authors: Sundram P. S. , Carr S. M. , Roder D. M.
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT About 90 per cent of children have received school dental care at South Australian schools where this care has been available. However, following recent extension of the dental programme to metropolitan schools without clinics located in their grounds, lower participation rates of about 74 per cent have emerged.

A pilot study of 161 children not included in the school dental programme at 13 of these metropolitan schools without clinics was conducted to evaluate their dental health status and determine why they were not enrolled for school dental care.
Specific mechanics for abutment uprighting
Authors: Norton L. A. , Lopes I.
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT General practitioners can use adjunctive orthodontics in preparation for complex comprehensive dental restorative procedures. Two orthodontic educators from opposite sides of the world explain and illustrate the biomechanics of controlled abutment uprighting. Solutions to the common mechanical and clinical problems are discussed.
The fine structure of epithelial cells in normal and pathological buccal mucosa. IV. Interactions between epithelial cells, lymphocytes, and macrophages
Authors: Griffin C. J.
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT In oral lichen planus two types of lymphocytes were found in the lamina propria in the basal and suprabasal layers. The T‐cell is identified by the absence of rough‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in contrast to its extensive development in the B‐cell of which various types were identified including plasma cells. Interaction was noted between macrophages, lymphocytes, and epithelial cells. The variability noted in T‐cells may arise from sensitization related to phagocytosis of degenerate epithelial cells by macrophages which transfer the immunological information to lymphocytes.
Questionnaire survey on parental attitudes of the South Australian School Dental Service
Authors: Sundram P. S. , Kingston A. I.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Questionnaires distributed by mail on school dental care were completed by 4,067 parents and the response suggests that (1) most parents feel adequately informed about the dental health of their children; (2) the school dental programme is a satisfactory use of public money; and (3) most parents want regular care from private practitioners for the children after leaving the school programme.
Effect of dentine thickness on pulpal changes beneath restorative materials
Authors: Darwell B. W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The pulpal histological change of reduction in the number of odontoblasts is shown to be dependent on remaining dentine thickness, whereas other measures of response show no such correlation.
Utilization of dental services by first‐year Students, The University of Sydney, 1978
Authors: Barnard P. D.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A stratified sample of 1,588 of the 3,990 first year students at The University of Sydney responded to a questionnaire on the utilization of dental services as set out in the World Health Organization's Combined Oral Health and Treatment Assessment Form. More than 70 per cent had obtained dental care within the previous 12 months and 59 per cent of these visited for a check‐up. The most common reasons for not obtaining dental care was given as “nothing wrong, or there was no reason for going”. Sixty‐five per cent indicated that they considered there was nothing wrong with their teeth, gums, or mouth. Twenty‐five per cent wanted advice or treatment mostly for examination or cleaning. Comparison of results was made between Faculties and other community studies.
Local mechanical irritation. An aetiology for a lingual oral papilloma
Authors: Abrams R. A. , Sadeghi E. M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A papilloma on the anterior border of the tongue of a 32 year‐old Caucasian man was excised and examined histologically. The wound healed normally; the history suggests that the lesion was caused by mechanical irritation.
Restorations of the Class III cavity using direct bonding resin systems
Authors: Gerke D. C.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A review of the literature and description of a technique using the principles of self‐polymerizing direct bonding resin systems for filling the Class III cavity are presented.
Human experimentation in dental research
Authors: Winspear William J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The use of human subjects in the field of dental research is a controversial issue. Ethical, moral, and legal aspects of dental experimentation, are presented and also an evaluation of present guidelines.
Comparison of four teaching presentations*
Authors: Howell Susan
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The aim of this study was to determine whether audio‐visual presentations are as effective as the more conventional forms of teaching.

Tape‐slides, video‐tapes, hand‐outs, and lectures designed around a single script were presented to four similar groups of undergraduate students. The lecture proved the most effective presentation, followed by the hand‐outs and tape‐slides; video‐tapes were the least effective. The results showed that the students were biased against tape‐slide and video‐tape presentations and liked the lectures best, followed by hand‐outs, and tape‐slides; video‐tapes were least liked.
Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the mandible from the rectum
Authors: Fung Eric H.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Adenocarcinoma of the mandible as a metastasis from the rectum in a 31 year‐old Chinese man is reported and the radiography and pathology of the condition is discussed.
A rationalization of orthodontic care and education
Authors: Godfrey Keith
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The varying needs of potential consumers of orthodontic care are related to a rationalization of the processes of meeting such needs, with emphasis on greater general practitioner involvement in the future. The necessary basis for changing practitioner roles and responsibilities is a systematic design and implementation of continuing dental education.
The claspless partial denture
Authors: Cerny Robert
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A technique is presented for the design and construction of claspless partial dentures retained by the use of cobalt samarium magnets in the denture strategically placed opposite to attracting magnets placed in the lingual crown structure of abutment teeth. The magnets must be protected from oral fluids by encapsulation in a thin tough impervious material to prevent corrosion and decrease in magnetic properties.
Repair of bridgework by direct bonding composite resins. Case report
Authors: Gerke D. C.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A case report is presented on the repair of bridgework using direct bonding composite resins.
The effect of alginate impressions on the surface of cast gypsum. II. The role of sodium sulphate in incompatibility
Authors: Jarvis R. G. , Earnshaw R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— It has been shown that the poor surfaces found on high strength cast gypsum which sets against alginate impressions are caused by the presence of sodium sulphate, a by‐product of the setting reaction of the alginate, in the exudate present at the interface between impression and setting cast.

In many set alginate impression materials sodium sulphate is present in sufficient concentration to act as an effective retarder for the setting of the calcium sulphate hemihydrate mix, and this effect is greatest when, as in the case of high strength materials such as die stones, the water content of the mix is low. A considerable improvement in the surface of gypsum casts could be made by changing the composition of alginate impression materials to use a reactor other than a sulphate, a retarder other than a sodium salt, and an alginate other than sodium alginate. This would greatly reduce the concentration of both sodium and sulphate ions in the exudate, and could eliminate the effect of sodium sulphate as a retarder of the setting reaction.
Dental students at the University of Queensland. Entrance and performance 1960 to 1979
Authors: Savage N. W. , Basford K. E. , Adkins K. F. , Kruger B. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Introduction of semesters and the imposition of quotas at the University of Queensland in 1974, has had profound effects on the numbers competing for admission, and the failure rate during the Dental Course has declined dramatically. More women now enter and generally speaking have better academic records than men in all years of the course. The source of their secondary education has no significant effect on academic performance and tests applied in this study did not reveal consistently significant correlations between preclinical and clinical subjects; the best predictor of success is entry with an excellent academic record from secondary school.
Mercury in the dental work‐place: An assessment of the health hazard and safeguards
Authors: de Freitas J. F.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— International surveys disclose differences in levels of airborne mercury vapour and biological tests of staff. Present conditions in Australia do not justify concern but a potential risk must be recognized and regular testing of the dental area using personal monitoring badges and portable detectors is recommended. Periodical biological testing is advisable and well established principles of mercury hygiene must be followed.
Marginal fracture of amalgam restorations. A review
Authors: Bryant Roland W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Factors considered to have an influence on the marginal fracture of amalgam restorations are discussed.

Although the influence of cavity preparation, manipulative procedures and initial marginal adaptation on marginal fracture has been widely acknowledged, there has been much controversy over the relative roles of two intrinsic characteristics of amalgams, namely, resistance to corrosion and resistance to slow plastic deformation.
Thumb and finger sucking
Authors: Cerny Robert
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Information was obtained from 600 parents of their childrens' daytime and nocturnal sucking habits from birth. Most children used some form of supplementary sucking which commenced at birth and lasted for as long as two years. From the second year, the predominant form of supplementary sucking involved a thumb or finger and digit suckers mostly did not suck a dummy or a bottle teat at night. Palatal or arch distortion occurred in only 18 children. This was 17 per cent of the digit sucking group. It was found that of children of the 17 parents who would not allow a dummy, 10 became digit suckers. Of the 72 children who refused a dummy, 38 became digit suckers. Parents should encourage dummy sucking in children who show signs of being potential digit suckers to prevent a digit sucking habit from arising. Where a dummy was not allowed by the parents or used by the child, 56 became digit suckers.
Rational restoration of endodontically treated teeth. I. Principles, techniques, and materials*
Authors: McKerracher Peter W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract

Endodontically treated teeth have a number of special characteristics which demand particular attention during restorative treatment. The requirements, methods of restoration, indications and contra‐indications for various techniques are discussed.
Ranula
Authors: Fung Eric H.
Published: May 2009

Abstract

A case of ranula in a 72 year‐old man is described. The patient sought treatment because the ranula interfered with his speech, eating, and swallowing. At presentation there was an ulcer which might be misleading in making a correct diagnosis.
The anatomy of the hamular notch region
Authors: Barker B. C. W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract

In dental prosthetic practice, a full maxillary denture base is extended over the tuberosity and rests on mucosa overlying the hamular notch, which is the area between hamulus and maxillary tuberosity. Little or no movement occurs in the mucosa here. A dissection of submucosal structures related to the notch revealed variations in arrangement and form which did not conform entirely with textbook descriptions.
A mechanical digitizer for use with cephalometric radiographs
Authors: Sutton A. J. , Spratley M. H.
Published: May 2009

Abstract

A simple, robust and relatively inexpensive mechanical digitizer is described which has applications for researchers involved in converting graphical data to digital form. The use of a programmable calculator to re‐orientate landmarks to a standardized baseline is also described.

Double determination of a series of points showed the apparatus to have a high degree of precision and accuracy.
Immediate bridgework
Authors: Darveniza M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract

A technique is described for the construction and immediate insertion of a fixed bridge replacing retained lower deciduous incisors, in which the gingival tissues adjacent to the alveolar socket are surgically contoured to immediately create a ridge form suitable for a fixed bridge.
Dental practice in South Australia
Authors: Gerke D. C. , Smales R. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract

There have been many changes in the provision of dental care in South Australia since about 1970. A comprehensive questionnaire returned by 58 full time general practitioners working in 71 practices revealed that most of the dentists worked a relatively short week and working year. There was evidence of decreased workloads shown by relatively few treatment items being needed for patients, and treatments being completed within a short time.
Effects of prolonged administration of azathioprine on parotid glands of rats: An assessment by light microscopy
Authors: Keys D. W. , Adkins K. F.
Published: May 2009

Abstract

Structural changes induced in parotid glands of rats following prolonged daily administration of 2 mg/kg of azathioprine were studied by light microscopy. Several deleterious effects were consistently observed; these increased in severity as the period of drug administration continued but stopped short of complete destruction of acinar and ductal cells after 56 days. Longer periods of administration did not further increase the extent of cellular damage. Following cessation of drug administration cellular morphology and glandular architecture rapidly returned to normal.
The fluoride content of Melbourne's treated public water
Authors: de Freitas J. F.
Published: May 2009

Abstract

One hundred and twenty‐one water samples from one hundred different city and suburban outlets in the Melbourne metropolitan area were analysed quantitatively for fluoride concentration. Excluding ten samples, corresponding to a period when the relevant fluoridation equipment was functioning only intermittently, 89 per cent were within the range 0.7 to 1.2 ppm fluoride specified by the Victorian Health Commission, three per cent were greater and eight per cent were below this range.
The personalities of dentists as a factor in the use of nitrous oxide relative analgesia
Authors: Gaffney T. J. , Foenander G. , Reade P. C. , Burrows G. D.
Published: May 2009

Abstract

The question of whether the use by dentists of a sedation technique, nitrous oxide relative analgesia, is related to tendencies to psychological instability was tested. No correlation was found. The use of this technique was however related to age and number of years since graduation, being more commonly used by the younger and more recent graduates.
Measurement of dimensional stability of elastomeric impression materials by holographic interferometry
Authors: B.Sc.(Hons) W. Mincham. B.D.S.(Hons). , Thurgate S. M. , B.Sc A J. Lewis.
Published: May 2009

Abstract

A technique for measuring changes in the dimensions of elastomeric impression materials is described. The technique involves using holographic interferometry to determine the rate of dimensional change on setting of the materials. The total change in dimension is found by integration with time. The sensitivity of the technique allows accurate determination of these quantities. Holography involves no direct physical contact with the test sample and more than one sample can be tested at the same time under the same conditions.

In a preliminary investigation, the technique was applied to several classes of commercially available impression materials. The results are compared with those obtained by other techniques.
Rational restoration of endodontically treated teeth. II. Preparations for crowns*
Authors: McKerracher Peter W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The principles stated in Part I are applied to crown preparation, impression techniques, design, cementation, and more complex problems in the restoration of endodontically treated teeth by crowns for either anterior or posterior positions in the mouth.
Alloys for crown and bridgework
Authors: Brockhurst P. J. , Cannon R. W. S.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The requirements of alloys for metal‐ceramic crowns and bridgework are examined. The functional requirements and manipulative behaviour and cost of cheaper alternatives to high gold alloys are discussed.

All types used high gold, reduced gold, silver palladium and base metal—appear to function satisfactorily in the mouth. Nickel and beryllium do not appear to be health hazards.

Dental laboratory procedures and materials must be chosen to suit the type of alloy employed, although all alloy types appear suitable for crown and bridgework.

The cost of alloy must be carefully examined in the context of total cost to the patient, and the use of alternatives to gold alloys in many cases may not warrant the required changes to laboratory procedures, but the saving is real, and can make permanent restorations available to a greater proportion of the community.