bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two-year treatment effects of the common elements treatment approach (CETA) for reducing intimate partner violence and unhealthy alcohol use in Zambia
Authors: Kane Jeremy C. , Glass Nancy , Bolton Paul A. , Mayeya John , Paul Ravi , Mwenge Mwamba , Murray Laura K.
Published: February 2021

Background

Intimate partner violence (IPV) and unhealthy alcohol use are common yet often unaddressed public health problems in low- and middle-income countries. In a randomized trial, we found that the common elements treatment approach (CETA), a multi-problem, flexible, transdiagnostic intervention, was effective in reducing IPV and unhealthy alcohol use among couples in Zambia at a 12-month post-baseline assessment. In this follow-up study, we investigated whether treatment effects were sustained among CETA participants at 24-months post-baseline.

Methods

Participants were heterosexual couples in Zambia in which the woman reported IPV perpetrated by the male partner and in which the male had hazardous alcohol use. Couples were randomized to CETA or treatment as usual plus safety checks. Measures were the Severity of Violence Against Women Scale (SVAWS) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). The trial was stopped early upon recommendation by the trial's DSMB due to CETA's effectiveness following the 12-month assessment. Control participants exited the study and were offered CETA. This brief report presents data from an additional follow-up assessment conducted among original CETA participants at a 24-month visit.

Results

There were no meaningful changes in SVAWS or AUDIT scores between 12- and 24-months. The within-group treatment effect for SVAWS from baseline to 24-months was d = 1.37 (p < 0.0001) and AUDIT was d = 0.85 (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

The lack of change in levels of IPV and unhealthy alcohol use between the 12- and 24-month post-baseline timepoints suggests that treatment gains were sustained among participants who received CETA for at least two years from intervention commencement.
Lower Famennian (Upper Devonian) rhynchonellide and athyride brachiopods from the South Armenian Block
Authors: Serobyan Vahram , Danelian Taniel , Crônier Catherine , Grigoryan Araik , Mottequin Bernard
Published: February 2021

The lower Famennian ‘Cyrtospirifer’orbelianusbrachiopod Zone established in Armenia by Abrahamyan (1957) (coeval to thecrepidaconodont Zone) contains an abundant and diverse brachiopod fauna that still remains poorly studied. In an effort to revise and update its systematic classification and to assess the brachiopod diversity in this area after the Kellwasser extinction event at the end of the Frasnian, our attention is here focused on rhynchonellides and athyrides. Six rhynchonellide species are described belonging to five genera as well as a single athyride species (Crinisarina pseudoglobularisn. sp.), which is new to science. The genusCrinisarinais reported for the first time in the South Armenian Block (SAB), which was then part of the northern margin of Gondwana. Some of the rhynchonellides identified were previously recognized in this area, but they require modern documentation and taxonomic reassessment. More particularly, it is the first time that the internal structure ofSartenaerus baitalensis(Reed, 1922) is illustrated, taking into account that it is the type species of a biostratigraphically significant Famennian genus. One of the oldest punctate rhynchonellide species,Greira transcaucasicaErlanger, 1993, is described for the first time from Armenia and its intraspecific morphological variability is documented quantitatively. From a paleobiogeographic viewpoint, the studied brachiopod fauna clearly shares affinities with contemporaneous ones from other regions of the Gondwanan northern margin that extend eastwards of the SAB to Afghanistan and Pamir, although there are also some endemic elements.

UUID:http://zoobank.org/798eb5f9-ad15-4d90-bc6a-ff22ee936438
Letter transpositions and morphemic boundaries in the second language processing of derived words: An exploratory study of individual differences
Authors: Kahraman Hasibe , Kırkıcı Bilal
Published: February 2021

Research into nonnative (L2) morphological processing has produced largely conflicting findings. To contribute to the discussions surrounding the contradictory findings in the literature, we examined L2 morphological priming effects along with a transposed-letter (TL) methodology. Critically, we also explored the potential effects of individual differences in the reading networks of L2 speakers using a test battery of reading proficiency. A masked primed lexical decision experiment was carried out in which the same target (e.g., ALLOW) was preceded by a morphological prime (allowable), a TL-within prime (allwoable), an substituted letter (SL)-within prime (allveable), a TL-across prime (alloawble), an SL-across prime (alloimble), or an unrelated prime (believable). The average data yielded morphological priming but no significant TL priming. However, the results of an exploratory analysis of the potential effects of individual differences suggested that individual variability mediated the group-level priming patterns in L2 speakers. TL-within and TL-across priming effects were obtained only when the performance of participants on nonword reading was considered, while the magnitude of the morphological priming effects diminished as the knowledge of vocabulary expanded. The results highlight the importance of considering individual differences while testing L2 populations.
Use of rotational angiography in congenital cardiac catheterisations to generate three-dimensional-printed models
Authors: Seckeler Michael D. , Boe Brian A. , Barber Brent J. , Berman Darren P. , Armstrong Aimee K.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Three-dimensional printing is increasingly utilised for congenital heart defect procedural planning. CT or MR datasets are typically used for printing, but similar datasets can be obtained from three-dimensional rotational angiography. We sought to assess the feasibility and accuracy of printing three-dimensional models of CHD from rotational angiography datasets.

Methods:

Retrospective review of CHD catheterisations using rotational angiography was performed, and patient and procedural details were collected. Imaging data from rotational angiography were segmented, cleaned, and printed with polylactic acid on a Dremel® 3D Idea Builder (Dremel, Mount Prospect, IL, USA). Printing time and materials’ costs were captured. CT scans of printed models were compared objectively to the original virtual models. Two independent, non-interventional paediatric cardiologists provided subjective ratings of the quality and accuracy of the printed models.

Results:

Rotational angiography data from 15 catheterisations on vascular structures were printed. Median print time was 3.83 hours, and material costs were $2.84. The CT scans of the printed models highly matched with the original digital models (root mean square for Hausdorff distance 0.013 ± 0.003 mesh units). Independent reviewers correctly described 80 and 87% of the models (p = 0.334) and reported high quality and accuracy (5 versus 5, p = NS; κ = 0.615).

Conclusion:

Imaging data from rotational angiography can be converted into accurate three-dimensional-printed models of CHD. The cost of printing the models was negligible, but the print time was prohibitive for real-time use. As the speed of three-dimensional printing technology increases, novel future applications may allow for printing patient-specific devices based on rotational angiography datasets.
Why does the European Right accommodate backsliding states? An analysis of 24 European People’s Party votes (2011–2019)
Authors: Herman Lise Esther , Hoerner Julian , Lacey Joseph
Published: February 2021

Over the last decade, the EU’s fundamental values have been under threat at the national level, in particular among several Central and Eastern European states that joined the EU since 2004. During this time, the European People’s Party (EPP) has been criticized for its unwillingness to vote for measures that would sanction the Hungarian Fidesz government, one of its members, in breach of key democratic principles since 2010. In this paper, we seek to understand how cohesive the EPP group has been on fundamental values-related votes, how the position of EPP MEPs on these issues has evolved over time, and what explains intra-EPP disagreement on whether to accommodate fundamental values violators within the EU. To address these questions, we analyse the votes of EPP MEPs across 24 resolutions on the protection of EU fundamental values between 2011 and 2019. Our findings reveal below-average EPP cohesion on these votes, and a sharp increase in the tendency of EPP MEPs to support these resolutions over time. A number of factors explain the disagreements we find. While the EPP’s desire to maintain Fidesz within its ranks is central, this explanation does not offer a comprehensive account of the group’s accommodative behaviour. In particular, we find that ideological factors as well as the strategic interests of national governments at the EU level are central to understanding the positions of EPP MEPs, as well as the evolution of these positions over time. These results further our understanding of the nature of the obstacles to EU sanctions in fundamental values abuse cases, and the role of partisanship in fuelling EU inaction especially.
Dispositional Empathy and Emotional Intelligence in terms of Perfectionistic Automatic Thoughts
Authors: Aparicio-Flores María Pilar , Esteve-Faubel José María , Vicent María , Gonzálvez Carolina , Sanmartín Ricardo , García-Fernández José Manuel
Published: February 2021

The maladaptive nature of Perfectionistic Automatic Thoughts (PAT) increases the importance of evaluating the construct. This study aims to identify different clusters of PAT in undergraduates, and to check possible inter-cluster differences in the dimensions of dispositional empathy and emotional intelligence in a sample of 691 Spanish undergraduates (Mage = 23.1; SD = 5.26). The Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale were used. Three clusters with low (LPAT), moderate (MPAT) and high (HPAT) levels of PAT were identified. Statistically significant differences were observed between these clusters in terms of dispositional empathy and emotional intelligence dimensions. HPAT significantly scored higher than LPAT on Fantasy, Empathic Concern, Personal Discomfort and Perception, as well as in comparison with MPAT on Fantasy, Empathic Concern, Personal Discomfort and Perception. Moreover, MPAT obtained significantly higher scores on Comprehension and Repair than LPAT. Effect sizes for these differences were of a small magnitude, except for the HPAT and LPAT contrasts, whose differences were of a moderate magnitude.
Kindergartenkinder schätzen ihr Selbstkonzept ein
Authors: Engel Eva-Maria , Aich Gernot , Merget Esther
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die psychometrischen Ergebnisse des Selbstkonzeptfragebogens für Kinder (SKF; Engel, 2015 ) beschrieben und im Kontext ähnlicher Instrumente eingeordnet. 520 Kindergartenkinder im Alter zwischen vier und sechs Jahren wurden in Einzelinterviews mit dem SKF zu ihrem Selbstkonzept befragt. Konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen belegten die dreidimensionale Struktur des Instruments (Selbstkonzept der Fähigkeiten, soziales und körperliches Selbstkonzept). Zwischen der Sicht der Kinder und der Einschätzung des Selbstkonzepts durch Eltern und pädagogische Fachkräfte ergaben sich lediglich geringe Zusammenhänge. Dies verdeutlicht die Wichtigkeit, die Perspektive der Kindergartenkinder zu kennen und zu erfassen, was mit dem SKF praktikabel und altersadäquat möglich ist.
Tracking Deep Sediment Underplating in a Fossil Subduction Margin: Implications for Interface Rheology and Mass and Volatile Recycling
Authors: Tewksbury‐Christle C. M. , Behr W. M. , Helper M. A.
Published: February 2021

The architecture and mechanical properties of the subduction interface impact large‐scale subduction processes, including mass and volatile recycling, upper‐plate orogenesis, and seismic behavior. The nature of the deep subduction interface, where a dominantly frictional megathrust likely transitions to a distributed ductile shear zone, is poorly understood, due to a lack of constraints on rock types, strain distribution, and interface thickness in this depth range. We characterized these factors in the Condrey Mountain Schist, a Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous subduction complex in northern California that consists of an upper and lower unit. The Lower Condrey unit is predominantly pelagic and hemipelagic metasediment with m‐to km‐scale metamafic and metaserpentinitic ultramafic lenses all deformed at epidote blueschist facies (0.7–1.1 GPa, 450°C). Major and trace element geochemistry suggest tectonic erosion of the overriding plate sourced all ultramafic and some mafic lenses. We identified two major ductile thrust zones responsible for Lower Condrey unit assembly, with earlier strain distributed across the structural thickness between the ductile thrusts. The Lower Condrey unit records distributed deformation across a sediment‐dominated, 2+ km thick shear zone, possibly consistent with low velocity zones observed in modern subduction zones, despite subducting along a sediment poor, tectonically erosive margin. Periodic strain localization occurred when rheological heterogeneities (i.e., km‐scale ultramafic lenses) entered the interface, facilitating underplating that preserved 10%–60% of the incoming sediment. Modern mass and volatile budgets do not account for erosive margin underplating, so improved quantification is crucial for predicting mass and volatile net flux to Earth′s interior.
Is There a Speed Limit for the Thermal Steady‐State Assumption in Continental Rifts?
Authors: Heckenbach Esther L. , Brune Sascha , Glerum Anne C. , Bott Judith
Published: February 2021

The lithosphere is often assumed to reside in a thermal steady‐state when quantitatively describing the temperature distribution in continental interiors and sedimentary basins, but also at active plate boundaries. Here, we investigate the applicability limit of this assumption at slowly deforming continental rifts. To this aim, we assess the tectonic thermal imprint in numerical experiments that cover a range of realistic rift configurations. For each model scenario, the deviation from thermal equilibrium is evaluated. This is done by comparing the transient temperature field of every model to a corresponding steady‐state model with an identical structural configuration. We find that the validity of the thermal steady‐state assumption strongly depends on rift type, divergence velocity, sampling location, and depth within the rift. Maximum differences between transient and steady‐state models occur in narrow rifts, at the rift sides, and if the extension rate exceeds 0.5–2 mm/a. Wide rifts, however, reside close to thermal steady‐state even for high extension velocities. The transient imprint of rifting appears to be overall negligible for shallow isotherms with a temperature less than 100°C. Contrarily, a steady‐state treatment of deep crustal isotherms leads to an underestimation of crustal temperatures, especially for narrow rift settings. Thus, not only relatively fast rifts like the Gulf of Corinth, Red Sea, and Main Ethiopian Rift, but even slow rifts like the Kenya Rift, Rhine Graben, and Rio Grande Rift must be expected to feature a pronounced transient component in the temperature field and to therefore violate the thermal steady‐state assumption for deeper crustal isotherms.
Space‐Borne Cloud‐Native Satellite‐Derived Bathymetry (SDB) Models Using ICESat‐2 And Sentinel‐2
Authors: Thomas N. , Pertiwi A. P. , Traganos D. , Lagomasino D. , Poursanidis D. , Moreno S. , Fatoyinbo L.
Published: February 2021

Shallow nearshore coastal waters provide a wealth of societal, economic, and ecosystem services, yet their topographic structure is poorly mapped due to a reliance upon expensive and time intensive methods. Space‐borne bathymetric mapping has helped address these issues, but has remained largely dependent upon in situ measurements. Here we fuse ICESat‐2 lidar data with Sentinel‐2 optical imagery, within the Google Earth Engine cloud platform, to create openly available spatially continuous high‐resolution bathymetric maps at regional‐to‐national scales in Florida, Crete and Bermuda. ICESat‐2 bathymetric classified photons are used to train three Satellite Derived Bathymetry (SDB) methods, including Lyzenga, Stumpf, and Support Vector Regression algorithms. For each study site the Lyzenga algorithm yielded the lowest RMSE (approx. 10%–15%) when compared with validation data. We demonstrate a means of using ICESat‐2 for both model calibration and validation, thus cementing a pathway for fully space‐borne estimates of nearshore bathymetry in shallow, clear water environments.
Reply to Comments by Lei et al. on the Paper “Poststorm Thermospheric NO Overcooling?” by A.V. Mikhailov and L. Perrone (2020)
Authors: Mikhailov A. V. , Perrone L.
Published: February 2021

Recently, our paper “Poststorm Thermospheric NO Overcooling?” has been published in JGR. Lei with colleagues (2012) who have proposed the “NO overcooling” concept have written Comments on this paper. Below is given our reply. Everywhere MP20 means the reference to the paper by Mikhailov and Perrone (2020). In the beginning to avoid misunderstanding, it is necessary to stress that in MP20 we did not touch on the well‐documented process of the thermosphere NO cooling (e.g., Gordiets et al., 1982; Maeda et al., 1989; Mlynczak et al., 2018; Prölss, 2004, 2011; Roble, 1995; Weimer et al., 2011) which mainly takes place in the lower thermosphere. We only explained a decrease of neutral gas density at F2‐layer heights during the recovery storm phase. The effect manifests seasonal dependence which is not explained by the “NO overcooling” mechanism.
Beam‐Driven Electron Cyclotron Harmonic Waves in Earth's Magnetotail
Authors: Zhang Xu , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Artemyev Anton V. , Zhang Xiao‐Jia , Liu Jiang
Published: February 2021

Although electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves are the primary contributor to plasma sheet electron scattering loss, experimental verification of their most widely accepted excitation mechanism, loss‐cone instability, has been lacking for decades. Using 10 years of time history of events and macroscale interactions during substorms satellite observations, we investigate ECH wave properties near dipolarization fronts, the predominant source of such waves. To our surprise we find that more than 30% of observed ECH waves have moderately oblique (∼70°) wave normal angles (WNA), much less than the ∼85° expected from classical loss‐cone instability. These moderately oblique WNA ECH waves carry a strong field‐aligned electric field that is used to identify them. They are often observed with cold, dense electrons that exhibit enhanced parallel flux at a few hundred eV energy, which suggests that low‐energy counterstreaming beams (likely of ionospheric origin) might be their free energy source. By solving the linear dispersion relation for parameters representative of such plasma sheet electron distributions, we confirm that ECH waves at WNA ∼ 70° can indeed be driven unstable by such beams. Our work reveals a previously unknown excitation mechanism for ECH waves and exposes the need for quantifying the conditions for and relative importance of beam‐driven waves compared to those excited by the loss‐cone instability in Earth's plasma sheet.
The Diffuse Auroral Eraser
Authors: Troyer R. N. , Jaynes A. N. , Jones S. L. , Knudsen D. J. , Trondsen T. S.
Published: February 2021

The source of diffuse aurora has been widely studied and linked to electron cyclotron harmonic and upper‐band chorus waves. It is known that these waves scatter 100s of eV to 10s of keV electrons from the plasma sheet, but the relative contribution of each wave type is still an open question. In this study, we report an interesting and unusual auroral feature observed on March 15, 2002. We believe that these observations could help further our understanding of waves associated with diffuse aurora. This diffuse auroral feature is characterized by four phases: (1) the initial phase exhibiting regular diffuse aurora; (2) the brightening phase, where an east‐west auroral stripe rapidly brightens; (3) the eraser phase, where the stripe dims to below its initial state; and (4) the recovery phase, where the diffuse aurora returns to its original brightness. Using a superposed epoch analysis of 22 events, we calculate the average recovery phase time to be 20 s, although this varies widely between events. We hypothesize that the process responsible for these auroral eraser events could be the result of chorus waves modulating diffuse aurora.
3D Multi‐fluid MHD Simulation of the Early Time Behavior of an Artificial Plasma Cloud in the Bottom Side Ionosphere
Authors: Ober Daniel M. , Crawford Trevor S. , Eccles James V. , Holmes Jeffrey M.
Published: February 2021

A multi‐fluid magnetohydrodynamic model has been developed to investigate artificial clouds in the lower ionosphere. The model is based on the five‐moment approximation of the fluid equations with separate continuity and momentum equations for each species. The model can have multiple neutral and ion species, background and cloud designation of species, and multiple chemical reactions between species. The model is used to simulate a barium cloud initiated in the bottom side ionosphere. The neutral barium cloud is observed to expand radially with a spherical density distribution. The barium ion cloud, produced by ionization of the neutral barium cloud, expands mostly along the magnetic field lines. Both the barium and oxygen ions are observed to rotate about the magnetic field. A diamagnetic cavity develops quickly and then collapses within the 10‐s model period. Initially, there is an oxygen ion density enhancement in the center of the cloud that later evolves into a depletion with enhancements on opposite field‐aligned sides of the depletion. The direction of the ion rotation about the magnetic field alternates with time. The associated magnetic field twist propagates away from the cloud along the field line as a shear Alfvén wave. This last result, previously unreported, results from the additional physics included in the multi‐fluid formulation of the fluid equations.
A Normalized Distance Test for Co‐Determining the Completeness Magnitude andb‐Value of Earthquake Catalogs
Authors: Lombardi A. M.
Published: February 2021

The spatial‐temporal variations ofb‐value in the Gutenberg‐Richter's relation are understood as stress meter and premonitory indicator of strong events. The characterization of the Gutenberg‐Richter's relation is complicated by the difficulty of identifying the completeness magnitudeMc,since its inaccurate estimate may lead to biased conclusions onb‐value. Therefore, many methods have been proposed to estimateb‐values and their changes, but no agreement has been reached on which is the most appropriate algorithm. Here a principled statistical framework is presented for discerning and quantifying variations in the Gutenberg‐Richter Law on empirical data. A new approach, called Normalized Distance (ND) test, is proposed, combining maximum‐likelihood estimates with a goodness‐of‐fit test and bootstrap resampling. The proposed method is evaluated on synthetic data and compared with the most used approaches. The main result is that the ND test provides better estimates ofMcandb‐value respect to all other methods. Finally, the same algorithms applied to the most recent Italian sequence provide contradictory results, indicating that detectedb‐value fluctuations may be apparent.
Characterizing Dust‐Radiation Feedback and Refining the Horizontal Resolution of the MarsWRF Model Down to 0.5 Degree
Authors: Gebhardt C. , Abuelgasim A. , Fonseca R. M. , Martín‐Torres J. , Zorzano M.‐P.
Published: February 2021

In this study, three simulations by the Mars Weather Research and Forecasting Model are compared: two 10 Martian year (MY) 2° × 2° simulations with (i) fully radiatively active dust and (ii) a prescribed dust scenario, and a (iii) 1 MY 0.5° × 0.5° simulation with prescribed dust as in (ii). From comparing (i) and (ii), we found that the impact of dust‐radiation feedback is individually different for any region. The most striking evidence are major dust lifting activities to the south of Chryse Planitia (S‐CP) seen in (i) but not in (ii). By contrast, dust lifting and deposition on the southern slopes and inside the Hellas Basin are similar in both simulations. The latter, in turn, points toward a similar near‐surface atmospheric circulation. In (iii), the total global amount of wind stress lifted dust is by a factor of ∼8 higher than in (ii), with S‐CP being a major lifting region as in (i). Nonetheless, the surface dust lifting by wind stress in (iii) may be also reduced regionally, as seen at the peak of Elysium Mons because of its unique topography. The zonal mean circulation in (i) is generally of a comparable strength to that in (ii), with exceptions in global dust storm years, when it is clearly stronger in (i), in line with a dustier atmosphere. The differences in the zonal mean circulation between (ii) and (iii) are mostly at lower altitudes and may arise because of differences in the representation of the topography.
RCL1 copy number variants are associated with a range of neuropsychiatric phenotypes
Authors: Brownstein Catherine A. , Smith Richard S. , Rodan Lance H. , Gorman Mark P. , Hojlo Margaret A. , Garvey Emily A. , Li Jianqiao , Cabral Kristin , Bowen Joshua J. , Rao Abhijit S. , Genetti Casie A. , Carroll Devon , Deaso Emma A. , Agrawal Pankaj B. , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Bi Weimin , Howe Jennifer , Stavropoulos Dimitri J. , Hansen Adam W. , Hamoda Hesham M. , Pinard Ferne , Caracansi Annmarie , Walsh Christopher A. , D’Angelo Eugene J. , Beggs Alan H. , Zarrei Mehdi , Gibbs Richard A. , Scherer Stephen W. , Glahn David C. , Gonzalez-Heydrich Joseph
Published: February 2021

Mendelian and early-onset severe psychiatric phenotypes often involve genetic variants having a large effect, offering opportunities for genetic discoveries and early therapeutic interventions. Here, the index case is an 18-year-old boy, who at 14 years of age had a decline in cognitive functioning over the course of a year and subsequently presented with catatonia, auditory and visual hallucinations, paranoia, aggression, mood dysregulation, and disorganized thoughts. Exome sequencing revealed a stop-gain mutation in RCL1 (NM_005772.4:c.370 C > T, p.Gln124Ter), encoding an RNA 3′-terminal phosphate cyclase-like protein that is highly conserved across eukaryotic species. Subsequent investigations across two academic medical centers identified eleven additional cases of RCL1 copy number variations (CNVs) with varying neurodevelopmental or psychiatric phenotypes. These findings suggest that dosage variation of RCL1 contributes to a range of neurological and clinical phenotypes.
Reduction in mobility and COVID-19 transmission
Authors: Nouvellet Pierre , Bhatia Sangeeta , Cori Anne , Ainslie Kylie E. C. , Baguelin Marc , Bhatt Samir , Boonyasiri Adhiratha , Brazeau Nicholas F. , Cattarino Lorenzo , Cooper Laura V. , Coupland Helen , Cucunuba Zulma M. , Cuomo-Dannenburg Gina , Dighe Amy , Djaafara Bimandra A. , Dorigatti Ilaria , Eales Oliver D. , van Elsland Sabine L. , Nascimento Fabricia F. , FitzJohn Richard G. , Gaythorpe Katy A. M. , Geidelberg Lily , Green William D. , Hamlet Arran , Hauck Katharina , Hinsley Wes , Imai Natsuko , Jeffrey Benjamin , Knock Edward , Laydon Daniel J. , Lees John A. , Mangal Tara , Mellan Thomas A. , Nedjati-Gilani Gemma , Parag Kris V. , Pons-Salort Margarita , Ragonnet-Cronin Manon , Riley Steven , Unwin H. Juliette T. , Verity Robert , Vollmer Michaela A. C. , Volz Erik , Walker Patrick G. T. , Walters Caroline E. , Wang Haowei , Watson Oliver J. , Whittaker Charles , Whittles Lilith K. , Xi Xiaoyue , Ferguson Neil M. , Donnelly Christl A.
Published: February 2021

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, countries have sought to control SARS-CoV-2 transmission by restricting population movement through social distancing interventions, thus reducing the number of contacts. Mobility data represent an important proxy measure of social distancing, and here, we characterise the relationship between transmission and mobility for 52 countries around the world. Transmission significantly decreased with the initial reduction in mobility in 73% of the countries analysed, but we found evidence of decoupling of transmission and mobility following the relaxation of strict control measures for 80% of countries. For the majority of countries, mobility explained a substantial proportion of the variation in transmissibility (median adjusted R-squared: 48%, interquartile range - IQR - across countries [27–77%]). Where a change in the relationship occurred, predictive ability decreased after the relaxation; from a median adjusted R-squared of 74% (IQR across countries [49–91%]) pre-relaxation, to a median adjusted R-squared of 30% (IQR across countries [12–48%]) post-relaxation. In countries with a clear relationship between mobility and transmission both before and after strict control measures were relaxed, mobility was associated with lower transmission rates after control measures were relaxed indicating that the beneficial effects of ongoing social distancing behaviours were substantial.
Structure of photosystem I-LHCI-LHCII from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in State 2
Authors: Huang Zihui , Shen Liangliang , Wang Wenda , Mao Zhiyuan , Yi Xiaohan , Kuang Tingyun , Shen Jian-Ren , Zhang Xing , Han Guangye
Published: February 2021

Photosystem I (PSI) and II (PSII) balance their light energy distribution absorbed by their light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) through state transition to maintain the maximum photosynthetic performance and to avoid photodamage. In state 2, a part of LHCII moves to PSI, forming a PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex. The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exhibits state transition to a far larger extent than higher plants. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of a PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex in state 2 from C. reinhardtii at 3.42 Å resolution. The result reveals that the PSI-LHCI-LHCII of C. reinhardtii binds two LHCII trimers in addition to ten LHCI subunits. The PSI core subunits PsaO and PsaH, which were missed or not well-resolved in previous Cr-PSI-LHCI structures, are observed. The present results reveal the organization and assembly of PSI core subunits, LHCI and LHCII, pigment arrangement, and possible pathways of energy transfer from peripheral antennae to the PSI core.
Temporal bias in case-control design: preventing reliable predictions of the future
Authors: Yuan William , Beaulieu-Jones Brett K. , Yu Kun-Hsing , Lipnick Scott L. , Palmer Nathan , Loscalzo Joseph , Cai Tianxi , Kohane Isaac S.
Published: February 2021

One of the primary tools that researchers use to predict risk is the case-control study. We identify a flaw, temporal bias, that is specific to and uniquely associated with these studies that occurs when the study period is not representative of the data that clinicians have during the diagnostic process. Temporal bias acts to undermine the validity of predictions by over-emphasizing features close to the outcome of interest. We examine the impact of temporal bias across the medical literature, and highlight examples of exaggerated effect sizes, false-negative predictions, and replication failure. Given the ubiquity and practical advantages of case-control studies, we discuss strategies for estimating the influence of and preventing temporal bias where it exists.
A novel Python module for statistical analysis of turbulence (P-SAT) in geophysical flows
Authors: Agarwal Mayank , Deshpande Vishal , Katoshevski David , Kumar Bimlesh
Published: February 2021

We present Python Statistical Analysis of Turbulence (P-SAT), a lightweight, Python framework that can automate the process of parsing, filtering, computation of various turbulent statistics, spectra computation for steady flows. P-SAT framework is capable to work with single as well as on batch inputs. The framework quickly filters the raw velocity data using various methods like velocity correlation, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and acceleration thresholding method in order to de-spike the velocity signal of steady flows. It is flexible enough to provide default threshold values in methods like correlation, SNR, acceleration thresholding and also provide the end user with an option to provide a user defined value. The framework generates a .csv file at the end of the execution, which contains various turbulent parameters mentioned earlier. The P-SAT framework can handle velocity time series of steady flows as well as unsteady flows. The P-SAT framework is capable to obtain mean velocities from instantaneous velocities of unsteady flows by using Fourier-component based averaging method. Since P-SAT framework is developed using Python, it can be deployed and executed across the widely used operating systems. The GitHub link for the P-SAT framework is: https://github.com/mayank265/flume.git.
Oral and ocular late effects in head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy
Authors: Westgaard Kristine Løken , Hynne Håvard , Amdal Cecilie Delphin , Young Alix , Singh Preet Bano , Chen Xiangjun , Rykke Morten , Hove Lene Hystad , Aqrawi Lara A. , Utheim Tor P. , Herlofson Bente Brokstad , Jensen Janicke Liaaen
Published: February 2021

A broader understanding of oral and ocular late effects in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients who underwent intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) may provide valuable information in follow-up and improve quality of life. Twenty-nine HNC patients treated at least 6 months earlier and 30 age-matched controls were recruited. After completing several questionnaires: Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), Shortened Xerostomia Inventory (SXI), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and McMonnies Dry Eye questionnaire (MDEQ), participants underwent oral and ocular examinations. Oral examination included clinical oral dryness score (CODS) and secretion rates of unstimulated and stimulated saliva (UWS, SWS). Ocular examination included tear film break-up time, Schirmer test and ocular surface staining. The patients had more problems related to dry mouth than controls based on CODS and SXI, and more complaints of dry eye disease based on OSDI and MDEQ. UWS and SWS rates and oral health related quality of life were significantly lower in the patient group. Subjective oral dryness (SXI) correlated significantly with subjective ocular dryness (OSDI and MDEQ). Our study demonstrates that HNC patients treated with IMRT experience late effects in terms of xerostomia and ocular dryness underlining the importance of interdisciplinary approach in the evaluation and follow-up of HNC patients.
Nonspecific nuclear uptake of anti-MUC1 aptamers by dead cells: the role of cell viability monitoring in aptamer targeting of membrane-bound protein cancer biomarkers
Authors: Flanagan Shane Patrick , Fogel Ronen , Edkins Adrienne Lesley , Ho Lance St. John , Limson Janice
Published: February 2021

The nonspecific uptake of aptamers by dead cells is an often-overlooked factor during the study of aptamer binding to their targetsin vivo. Accounting for this can aid in the identification of aptamers with high affinity and specificity.
New phenazine based anolyte material for high voltage organic redox flow batteries
Authors: Romadina Elena I. , Komarov Denis S. , Stevenson Keith J. , Troshin Pavel A.
Published: February 2021

A highly-soluble (>2.5 M) ethylene glycol substituted phenazine derivative is shown to be a promising anolyte material for non-aqueous redox flow batteries.
Multilevel oxygen-vacancy conductive filaments in β-Ga2O3 based resistive random access memory
Authors: Hou Jie , Guo Rui , Su Jie , Du Yawei , Lin Zhenhua , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue , Chang Jingjing
Published: February 2021

In this study, at least three kinds of VOs and conductive filaments with low resistance states and forming and set voltages are found for β-Ga2O3 memory. This suggests the great potential of β-Ga2O3 memory for multilevel storage application.
Medicinal chemistry strategies for discovering antivirals effective against drug-resistant viruses
Authors: Ma Yue , Frutos-Beltrán Estrella , Kang Dongwei , Pannecouque Christophe , De Clercq Erik , Menéndez-Arias Luis , Liu Xinyong , Zhan Peng
Published: February 2021

This review summarizes current advances in medicinal chemistry aimed at the discovery of antiviral compounds specifically targeted against drug-resistant strains.
Role of NOM–hematite nanoparticle complexes and organic and inorganic cations in the coherence of silica and clay particles: evaluation based on nanoscale forces and molecular self-assembly
Authors: Wang Zhenquan , Feng Bo , Zhang Di , Ghosh Saikat , Pan Bo , Xing Baoshan
Published: February 2021

The combined role of structurally different natural organic matter (NOM), hematite nanoparticles (NPs), and organic and inorganic cations as efficient cementing agents between silica microsphere and clay platelets as determined from nanoscale forces.
Long-lived room temperature phosphorescence of organic–inorganic hybrid systems
Authors: Wang Hua-Rui , Yang Xiao-Gang , Qin Jian-Hua , Ma Lu-Fang
Published: February 2021

This review highlights the important role of several organic–inorganic hybrid systems. The fundamental mechanism, design principles, and enhancement strategies to achieve high performance room temperature phosphorescence have been discussed.
Chemical formula input relied intelligent identification of an inorganic perovskite for solar thermochemical hydrogen production
Authors: Fu Mingkai , Wang Lei , Ma Tianzeng , Wu Jiani , Dai Shaomeng , Chang Zheshao , Zhang Qiangqiang , Xu Huajun , Li Xin
Published: February 2021

An efficient prediction procedure based on the random forest method is developed for the intelligent identification of pure and doped perovskites for solar thermochemical H2 production.
Nano BEA zeolite catalysts for the selective catalytic cracking of n-dodecane to light olefins
Authors: Nasser Galal A. , Ahmed M. H. M. , Firdaus Mochamad A. , Sanhoob Mohammed A. , Bakare Idris A. , Al-Shafei E. N. , Al-Bahar M. Z. , Al-Jishi A. N. , Yamani Z. H. , Choi Ki-Hyouk , Muraza Oki
Published: February 2021

Nano BEA zeolite catalysts were synthesized and modified by desilication and then ion-exchanged with Co. The desilication was carried out using 0.1 M of NaOH.
Removal of brilliant green dye from synthetic wastewater under batch mode using chemically activated date pit carbon
Authors: Mansour Ramadan Abd El-Ghany , Simeda Mohamed Gamal , Zaatout Ahmed Amin
Published: February 2021

In this research, a single-stage batch adsorber was designed for removal of brilliant green dye from aqueous solutions using activated carbon derived from date pits based on the Freundlich isotherm which was the best-fitted isotherm model.
Preparation of bottom-up graphene oxide using citric acid and tannic acid, and its application as a filler for polypropylene nanocomposites
Authors: Shin Huiseob , Lim Min-Young , Oh Jinwoo , Lee Yonghoon , Lee Jong-Chan
Published: February 2021

The effect of lateral size and surface characteristics of CBGO on the physical properties of polypropylene nanocomposites was studied.
HPLC-UV and UPLC-MS/MS methods for the simultaneous analysis of sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil and their counterfeits dapoxetine, paroxetine, citalopram, tramadol, and yohimbine in aphrodisiac products
Authors: Abdelshakour Mohamed A. , Abdel Salam Randa A. , Hadad Ghada M. , Abo-ElMatty Dina M. , Abdel Hameed Eman A.
Published: February 2021

In recent times, the counterfeiting of pharmaceuticals has been considered a serious trouble especially in developing countries that acquire poor inspection programs.
Demonstration of sweat-based circadian diagnostic capability of SLOCK using electrochemical detection modalities
Authors: Upasham Sayali , Osborne Olivia , Prasad Shalini
Published: February 2021

SLOCK platform offers to be an attractive vessel for facilitating the electrochemical detection of circadian relevant biomarkers and for self-monitoring of user's chronobiology.
Inversion kinetics of some E/Z 3-(benzylidene)-2-oxo-indoline derivatives and their in silico CDK2 docking studies
Authors: Mansour Hany S. , Abd El-wahab Hend A. A. , Ali Ahmed M. , Aboul-Fadl Tarek
Published: February 2021

Solvent induced E–Z isomerization kinetics of some 3-(benzylidene)indolin-2-ones.
A high-throughput study of oxynitride, oxyfluoride and nitrofluoride perovskites
Authors: Wang Hai-Chen , Schmidt Jonathan , Botti Silvana , Marques Miguel A. L.
Published: February 2021

Perovskite solar devices are nowadays the fastest advancing photovoltaic technology.
High performance self-heated membrane distillation system for energy efficient desalination process
Authors: T. M. Subrahmanya , Lin Po Ting , Chiao Yu-Hsuan , Widakdo Januar , Chuang Cheng-Hsiu , Rahmadhanty Shaneza Fatma , Yoshikawa Shiro , Hung Wei-Song
Published: February 2021

A self-heating VMD system uses graphene–PVDF membrane Joule heater for efficient desalination (GOR = 5.72)viainterfacial Joule heating.
A breath of fresh air for atmospheric CO2 utilisation: a plasmon-assisted preparation of cyclic carbonate at ambient conditions
Authors: Guselnikova Olga , Postnikov Pavel , Kosina Jiri , Kolska Zdenla , Trelin Andrii , Svorcik Vaclav , Lyutakov Oleksiy
Published: February 2021

We proposed a hybrid plasmonic catalyst for atmospheric CO2 transformation to carbonates under the ambient conditions of atmospheric pressure and room temperature.
Asymmetric formal synthesis of (−)-tetrazomine
Authors: Qi Wei-Yi , Fang Sheng-Long , Xu Xue-Tao , Zhang Kun , Shi Bing-Feng
Published: February 2021

The asymmetric formal synthesis of (−)-tetrazomine, a structurally unique member of the tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids, is presented.
Gradual hydrophobization of silica aerogel for controlled drug release
Authors: Ganonyan Nir , Bar Galit , Gvishi Raz , Avnir David
Published: February 2021

A gradual hydrophobization process of silica aerogel is presented, with minimal impact on porosity and transparency. Applicability is demonstrated in gradual tailoring the release rate of soluble and insoluble variants of a model drug, chlorhexidine.
Bulk halide perovskites as triplet sensitizers: progress and prospects in photon upconversion
Authors: VanOrman Zachary A. , Drozdick Hayley K. , Wieghold Sarah , Nienhaus Lea
Published: February 2021

We summarize the recent utilizing bulk perovskites for photon upconversion in the solid-state, including areas of optimization and future promise.
Event‐triggered feedback stabilisation of switched linear systems under finite bit rates
Authors: Chen Rui , Ling Qiang
Published: February 2021

This study considers to asymptotically stabilise a switched linear system which transmits its feedback signals through a digital communication network. Such network can only provide a finite bit rate to represent feedback signals. In the concerned switched linear system, the mode mismatch may occur between the sensor and the controller due to the unknown switching time instants. It assumes that the mode switching is slow enough in the sense of combined dwell time and average dwell time, each individual mode is stabilisable and the available feedback bit rate is high enough, but still finite. In order to save network bandwidth resources, novel event‐triggering strategies are implemented, i.e. only when pre‐defined events are triggered, the system samples and transmits feedback signals. Then under the proposed event‐triggering strategies, a stabilising bit rate condition for the concerned switched linear system is derived. Moreover, this study proves that the obtained stabilising bit rate under the proposed event‐triggering strategies can be strictly lower than the stabilising bit rate required by the earlier work based on periodic sampling. Simulations are done to illustrate the bit rate superiority of the proposed event‐triggering strategies.
Congestion control with AQM and dynamic quantisers
Authors: Sadek Belamfedel Alaoui , Houssaine Tissir El , Noreddine Chaibi
Published: February 2021

This study is concerned with the design of active queue management (AQM) subjected to quantisation errors. First, the authors will show here that quantisation errors exist when AQM experiences transmission control protocol (TCP) during the congestion. Second, a TCP/AQM model that takes into account quantisation errors is proposed – the considered quantisers are dynamic and have a scale parameter. Based on this model, stabilisation will be analysed in which the controller and the scaling parameters are obtained using the Lyapunov–Krassovskii functional method. Finally, Matlab simulation results are displayed to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Power sharing for transmission systems with 100% inverter‐based generating resources
Authors: Ziaeinejad Saleh , Mousavi Mohammad , Mehrizi‐Sani Ali , Ramasubramanian Deepak , Farantatos Evangelos
Published: February 2021

This study proposes controls and power sharing design and architecture for a 100% inverter‐based transmission system. Such an operation scenario has already occurred for short periods in portions of several systems in the United States, Europe, and Australia, and is likely to be more frequent in the future. The proposed algorithm enables the inverter‐based resources (IBR) to participate in power sharing based on an angle droop method that explicitly takes into account the IBR ratings and preferred set points. This strategy results in an essentially constant‐frequency operation of the power system without relying on secondary controllers or communication for frequency restoration. The performance of the proposed architecture under different operating conditions is evaluated via extensive simulation case studies in PSCAD/EMTDC software.
Graphic RCRA‐PIDA tuning based on maximum sensitivity for automatic generation control of thermal and hydro power systems
Authors: Kumar Mahendra , Hote Yogesh V.
Published: February 2021

The frequency control is the mandatory task in a modern power system because of load demand variation and the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs). The main objective of automatic generation control (AGC) scheme is to maintain the balance between generation and load demand. This study proposes a graphical robust characteristic ratio assignment (RCRA) approach for PIDA controller tuning based on maximum sensitivity () for AGC. The basic feature of this graphical approach is that characteristic ratios () in RCRA scheme are calculated in terms of . The important part of this design is that the analytical expressions for coefficient gains of PIDA controller are derived in terms of and system parameters. Here, the non‐reheat steam‐turbine and hydro‐turbine based single and multi‐area power systems are considered for validation of the proposed control scheme. The critical issue in controller design for a hydro‐turbine based power system is the non‐minimum phase behaviour. The robustness and performance of RCRA‐PIDA controller are examined under system non‐linearities, parametric uncertainty and disturbances. Further, the performance of proposed approach is evaluated in the presence of RESs. Finally, it is observed that the proposed control approach performs better in comparison to the recently published control schemes.