bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biosecurity and One Health Integration: An Extensive Analysis of Methods for Preventing Emerging Infectious Diseases
Authors: Muhammad Awais Fiaz  , Muhammad Aqib  , Haider Zaman  , Asim Ali  , Umber Rauf  , Muhammad Abdul Hannan Sodager  , Maqsood Ahmad  , Kamran Ahmad Nasir  , Zain Ul Abideen Mughal  , Obaid Muhammad Abdullah  , Anum Sabir
Published: February 2025

This review analyzes the combination of biosecurity protocols with the One Health framework in mitigating emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), which pose an increasing global health risk. Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), frequently zoonotic, present substantial threats to human, animal, and environmental Health, underscoring the necessity for cooperative initiatives between biosecurity and One Health paradigms. This review consolidates available evidence to assess the efficacy of these integrated techniques, highlighting significant trends, problems, and deficiencies in present practices. It emphasizes the alignment of biosecurity measures, including monitoring systems and risk management strategies, with the One Health framework to enhance early detection, prevention, and response to infectious diseases. Despite substantial advancements, notable deficiencies persist, especially in the uniformity of implementation techniques across various locations and sectors. The paper analyzes the constraints of existing methodologies, emphasizing the disunity of initiatives and difficulties in resource distribution, especially in low-income environments. Additionally, it examines the significance of international cooperation and frameworks, such as the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA), in promoting collaboration among human, animal, and environmental health sectors. In summary, the review offers recommendations for future research, highlighting the necessity for longitudinal studies, enhanced policy frameworks, and the establishment of standardized protocols to strengthen the integration of biosecurity and One Health. These findings provide critical insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners, thereby enhancing global health initiatives to prevent and control new infectious diseases.
Exploring the Antimicrobial Potential of Azadirachta Indica Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa a Natural Approach to Combat Drug Resistance
Authors: Dilber Hussain  , Afaq Hassan  , Bushra Rehman  , Mian Izaz Ali Shah  , Muhammad Naeem  , Madeeha Raihan  , Nain Taara Bukhari  , Shah Faisal  , Iftikhar Ullah
Published: February 2025

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multidrug-resistant pathogen known for its ability to form biofilms, leading to chronic infections and reduced antibiotic effectiveness. Natural plant extracts, such as neem (Azadirachta indica), have shown promising antimicrobial properties. This study evaluates the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of neem extracts against P. aeruginosa. Phytochemical screening was conducted on ethanol and methanol extracts of neem to identify bioactive compounds. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the agar well diffusion method, while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. Biofilm inhibition was assessed using the crystal violet assay at varying neem extract concentrations (50, 100, 250, and 500 µg/mL). Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids, with ethanol extracts showing higher concentrations. Neem extract exhibited dose-dependent antibacterial activity, with the highest inhibition zone of 22 mm at 500 µg/mL and an MIC of 100 µg/mL. The MBC was determined to be 250 µg/mL, confirming neem’s bactericidal properties. The biofilm inhibition assay showed that biofilm formation was reduced by 20% at 50 µg/mL and 85% at 500 µg/mL, indicating strong anti-adherence activity. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences (p < 0.05) between different concentrations, with higher doses demonstrating stronger inhibition. Neem extract demonstrated potent antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with results comparable to some conventional antibiotics. The presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic compounds contributes to its efficacy. Given the increasing challenge of antibiotic resistance, neem extract may serve as a potential natural antimicrobial agent or adjunct therapy.
A HUMANIZAÇÃO COMO PILAR NA EDUCAÇÃO À DISTÂNCIA: CONTRIBUIÇÕES E DESAFIOSNA PRÁTICA DOCENTE
Authors: Pereira de Souza Izaque
Published: February 2025

A educação a distância (EaD) no Brasil tem crescido significativamente, impulsionada pela necessidade de democratização do acesso ao ensino e pela flexibilidade que oferece aos alunos. No entanto, este crescimento traz desafios importantes, como a falta de engajamento e interação entre alunos e professores. Para superar esses desafios, é crucial promover a empatia e a interação em ambientes virtuais, garantindo uma experiência de aprendizagem humanizada e eficaz. Moran (2015) e Masetto (2012) destacam a importância da mediação pedagógica e da interação para o desenvolvimento cognitivo e afetivo dos estudantes. Estratégias como aulas síncronas com momentos de conversa informal, feedback personalizado, grupos de discussão e projetos colaborativos, videoconferências e a utilização de recursos tecnológicos avançados podem transformar os ambientes virtuais em espaços mais acolhedores e motivadores.A formação contínua dos docentes é essencial para a humanização da EaD. Valente (2005) enfatiza que a formação dos educadores deve ir além do domínio técnico das ferramentas tecnológicas, englobando o desenvolvimento de habilidades socioemocionais que permitam compreender e atender às necessidades dos alunos. Macedo (2006) sugere a utilização de metodologias ativas, que incentivem a participação dos alunos e promovam a troca de conhecimentos, fortalecendo a relação entre professor e aluno. Baranauskas (2002) destaca a importância da inclusão digital, garantindo que todos os alunos tenham acesso às tecnologias necessárias e oferecendo suporte técnico adequado para promover a equidade no ensino a distância.Além das abordagens teóricas, a prática pedagógica humanizada passa pela personalização do ensino. Valente (2005) sugere que os professores adotem uma abordagem personalizada no feedback aos alunos, reconhecendo as individualidades e necessidades específicas de cada estudante. A tecnologia, quando utilizada de forma estratégica, pode ser uma grande aliada na humanização do EaD, facilitando a comunicação e a interação entre alunos e professores. A humanização da EaD depende de práticas e atitudes por parte dos docentes, criando um ambiente de aprendizado mais acolhedor e motivador. Ao adotar essas práticas, os docentes podem transformar a experiência de ensino a distância, tornando-a mais eficaz e humanizada, e contribuindo para a formação integral dos alunos.
Accessibility of Agricultural Credit and Its Perceived Effects Among the High-Value Crop Farmers of Atok, Benguet, Philippines
Authors: Picpican Jayver K.
Published: February 2025

Credit plays a vital role in the agriculture sector by providing the financial needs of farmers. The accessibility of credit is a crucial element in agricultural production, however, farmers often face difficulties along this line. Hence, this research aimed to examine the accessibility of agricultural credit among high-value crop farmers taking the case of farmers of Atok, Benguet. The study employed a cross-sectional descriptive research design involving 10% of the population. Findings revealed that respondents interviewed were mostly married females aged 40-59, high school graduates, and landowners with farm sizes less than one hectare producing mainly cabbage and potato. Findings revealed that cooperatives were the primary source of formal credit while relatives served as informal sources. The major constraints when accessing formal credit are limited sources of agricultural credit, high interest rates, and lack of collateral while limited availability of funds, insufficient loan amounts, and short loan durations were the constraints when availing informal credit. Low agricultural income, limited income sources, and crop failure are the common problems associated with credit repayments. Further, farmers perceived an increase in agricultural production and productivity when accessing credit but faced challenges due to existing credits and penalty charges.
Emotional Intelligence in the Philippine Public Sector: Integrating Filipino Constructs and Implications for HR Practice
Authors: Layugan Lance Angelo B.
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to propose a localized model of emotional intelligence (EI) in the Philippine public sector workplace. Using a quantitative cross-sectional design, an online survey was conducted consisting of the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) and a listing of Filipino values and traits sourced from literature. Respondents (N = 274) were from National Government Agencies (NGAs), State Universities and Colleges (SUCs), Local Government Units (LGUs), Government-Owned and Controlled Corporations (GOCCs), and Constitutional Commissions in the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR). An exploratory factor analysis yielded three factors, Madamdaming Loob (MLb; Emotional Identity), Madamdaming Pamamaraan (MPr; Emotional Facilitation), and Madamdaming Pakikiangkop (MPa; Emotional Adaptability), with a multiple regression analysis on the underlying constructs indicating each significantly predicting at least one WLEIS factor. MLb and MPr resemble the internal-external mechanisms purported in the Kapwa Theory with MPa serving as an intermediary. The proposed model is recommended for the development of a local EI measure and for adoption in government agencies seeking the customization of their HR systems in compliance with PRIME-HRM maturity level indicators.
Understanding the Environmental Roles of Mining Beliefs and Practices in Sitio Midas, Itogon
Authors: Tabuzo Manuelito O.
Published: February 2025

Mining beliefs and practices are among the most important considerations concerning environmental conservation, specifically for the Kankanaeys of Sitio Midas, Itogon, Benguet. These beliefs and practices have guided the community's mining activities and relationships, and informed residents' environmental stewardship, despite the unavoidable link between mining and environmental destruction and degradation of Kankanaey culture. This study explores the vital role of mining beliefs and practices in protecting the environment in a small-scale scale-mining community using a qualitative ethnographic research design with unstructured interviews and non-participatory observation as data collection methods. The findings revealed that modernization does not prevent miners from using their traditional skills, methods, and expertise, which are simple and practical, without causing significant environmental damage. The Kankanaeys' proenvironmental worldview influenced traditional mining norms and behaviors in Sitio Midas. Kankanaey miners' cultural and environmental concerns include a loss of spirituality, the decline of traditional culture, the influence of large commercial mining companies, and safety mining. Despite these challenges and concerns, traditional Kankanaey mining continues to play an important role in environmental sustainability and community resilience, providing new insight or initiatives to increase assistance and capabilities relevant to traditional culture in mining and environmental protection.
Ciberpsicología y Comportamiento en Línea de los Estudiantes
Authors: Armijos Armijos Juan Pablo , Cando Guañuna Alexandra Beatriz , Santana Castañeda María Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

Este estudio analiza cómo la tecnología y el entorno digital influyen en el comportamiento, la cognición y la salud mental de los estudiantes. La ciberpsicología, como disciplina, investiga la interacción entre las personas y el mundo digital, incluyendo el impacto de las redes sociales, el aprendizaje en línea y la identidad digital en el desarrollo académico y emocional de los jóvenes. Se abordan temas como la adicción a la tecnología, la ciberseguridad, el ciberacoso, la autorregulación digital y la manera en que los estudiantes gestionan su tiempo y emociones en entornos virtuales. Además, se exploran estrategias para fomentar un uso saludable de la tecnología, promoviendo la alfabetización digital, la conciencia sobre la privacidad en línea y el bienestar psicológico en entornos educativos digitales. El análisis también considera los beneficios de la tecnología en la educación, como el acceso a información, la interactividad y la personalización del aprendizaje, así como los desafíos que surgen en términos de distracción, desinformación y salud mental. En conclusión, la ciberpsicología es clave para comprender y mejorar el comportamiento en línea de los estudiantes, brindando herramientas a docentes, familias y especialistas para equilibrar el uso de la tecnología y potenciar su impacto positivo en la educación.
The Extend of Civic Participation in Endogenous Tourism Projects and its Impact on Perceived Benefits: A Study from Kumbalangi Village in Kerala, India
Authors: P Roy Abraham ,   Director, Xavier Institute of Management & Entrepreneurship, Bangalore
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the extend of civic participation
on the perceived benefits by the villagers due to the implementation of endogenous tourism
project in the island village of Kumbalangi. Collection of data was made from the registered voters
of the constituency through intercept surveys. Using a stratified random sampling technique, 530
samples were obtained. The participation was examined in two phases – viz. during the planning
phase and during the implementation phase. As per the results the participation in the planning
phase was a significant determinant of participation in the implementation phase. However, civic
participation in the implementation phase is found more significantly influencing favourable
resident perceptions than participation during the planning phase. The perceived benefits of
the project implementation on the community were examined in the areas of infrastructure
development, income, increased quality of life, and culture. Additionally, the study discovered that
the resident participation in the implementation phase functions as a full mediator. The practical
implications are further discussed.
Le contrat moral kantien : optimisme et pessimisme
Authors:   Université Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY (Côte d’Ivoire), AHOUO Léon Raymond
Published: February 2025

Le contrat moral kantien s’entend de la disposition de l’individu, être raisonnable, à s’accorder à la loi morale. Il est ainsi caractérisé par le devoir de l’individu se reniant pour l’humanité en raison de sa bonne volonté et de sa raison raisonnable. Ce devoir exprime l’optimisme kantien de voir les hommes agir seulement sous l’impulsion de l’impératif catégorique en vue du règne des fins, communauté morale systémique. Toutefois, cet optimisme est confronté à la rationalité instrumentale de l’être humain qui ne peut jamais contracter que par intérêt. En outre, il postule un règne des fins dont la fonctionnalité est grippée, voire détruite par l’identité sclérosante de ses membres niés dans leurs différences.
L’essence de la pensée comme méditation de l’ouvert de l’être avec Martin Heidegger
Authors:   Université de Bouaké-Côte d’Ivoire, TANOH Jean Gobert
Published: February 2025

À partir de la modernité, il s’agit de comprendre avec Heidegger, que l’essence de la pensée, au-delà de la représentation que lui donnent les Modernes, s’inscrit dans la donation recueillante de l’être. D’où la nécessité d’un accueil de l’être dans une pensée qui se fait poésie.
Revival of the past : A History of Aboriginal Ecological Knowledge and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Amarjeet Amarjeet
Published: February 2025

यह शोधपत्र पर्यावरणीय स्थिरता को बढ़ावा देने में स्वदेशी पारिस्थितिकी ज्ञान (IEK) के ऐतिहासिक आधारों और समकालीन प्रासंगिकता का अन्वेषण करता है। बर्केस की सैक्रेड इकोलॉजी, किम्मेरर की ब्रेडिंग स्वीटग्रास और स्मिथ की डिकोलोनाइजिंग मेथडोलॉजीज जैसे प्रमुख कार्यों की अंतःविषयक समीक्षा के माध्यम से, यह अध्ययन उन स्वदेशी ज्ञानों का पुनरुद्धार करता है जिन्होंने दीर्घकालीन रूप से सतत संसाधन प्रबंधन प्रथाओं का मार्गदर्शन किया है। उत्तरी अमेरिका और अन्य वैश्विक संदर्भों से प्राप्त ऐतिहासिक मामलों के विश्लेषण से यह सिद्ध होता है कि आधुनिक विज्ञान के आगमन से पहले ही स्वदेशी समुदायों ने पारिस्थितिकी संतुलन बनाए रखने के लिए अनुकूलनीय और समग्र रणनीतियाँ विकसित की थीं। यह शोधपत्र IEK और पश्चिमी वैज्ञानिक दृष्टिकोण के बीच विद्यमान ज्ञानमीमांसा अंतर को पाटने वाले पद्धतिगत दृष्टिकोणों पर प्रकाश डालता है, और पर्यावरणीय कथानकों को उपनिवेशवाद मुक्त करने की आवश्यकता पर जोर देता है। अंततः, यह अध्ययन तर्क देता है कि पारंपरिक पारिस्थितिकी प्रथाओं को समकालीन नीति ढांचे में एकीकृत करना जलवायु परिवर्तन और पारिस्थितिकी क्षरण से निपटने के लिए अत्यंत आवश्यक है, जिससे सतत और सांस्कृतिक रूप से सूचित पर्यावरणीय प्रबंधन के माध्यम से एक लचीला भविष्य सुनिश्चित हो सके। ये अंतर्दृष्टियाँ IEK को अनुकूलनीय, प्रगतिशील नीति ढांचों में शामिल करने की आवश्यकता की पुष्टि करती हैं।
Green Journeys, Blue Planet: Reconnecting Humanity to Habitat through Travel Literature
Authors:   Ph.D. Scholar of Punjabi University, Jakhar Sahdev
Published: February 2025

This research paper explores the transformative potential of travel literature to reconnect humankind with its natural and cultural habitats. Integrating ecocriticism with an analysis of classic and contemporary travel narratives, it studies how storytelling could cultivate ecological awareness, empathy and sense of responsibility to maintain the planet(s) for the long run. The study examines the historical development of vagrant writing, including books of reflection like Thoreau’s Walden and Carson’s Silent Spring, alongside contemporary narratives like Ghosh’s The Great Derangement and Lopez’s Arctic Dreams. These works point to the aesthetic beauty of natural landscapes, the delicate balance within ecosystems, and the pressing need to confront environmental crises.
The Path of Non-Attachment : Exploring Advaitic Themes in Arun Joshi’s The Strange Case of Billy Biswas
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Government College Poogal, Bikaner, Tamanna Tamanna
Published: February 2025

In Arun Joshi’s The Strange Case of Billy Biswas, the dialogue between Advaitic non-attachment and modern narrative techniques yields a rich exploration of self-identity and existential transformation. This paper investigates Joshi’s narrative in the shadows of Advaita Vedanta, imploring classical texts such as Shankara’s Vivekachudamani and modern insights by Deutsch and Sharma. Using qualitative textual analysis, principal moments of detachment and duality are highlighted throughout the protagonist’s journey, helping to illustrate a synthesis of ancient non-dual philosophy and contemporary literary expression. The findings show that Joshi adeptly interlaces traditional notions of non-attachment into a tale expressing postcolonial identity woes and existential crises. This research adds to the understanding of non-attachment in modern Indian literature and places a renewed emphasis on the accessibility of Advaita and its relevance in current times. In short, the research adds to scholarly discourse on the crossroads of philosophy and narrative in the “becoming one’s self” narrative.
Discussion of love in romantic literature : From traditionalism to modernity
Authors:   सहायक आचार्य,  राजकीय महाविद्यालय पदमपुर, श्री गंगानगर., Singh Dharmeet
Published: February 2025

यह शोध पत्र "रूमानी साहित्य में प्रेम का विमर्श: पारंपरिकता से आधुनिकता तक" विषय पर पारंपरिक और आधुनिक हिंदी साहित्य में प्रेम के निरूपण के परिवर्तन का विश्लेषण करता है। अध्ययन में परंपरागत ग्रन्थों एवं आधुनिक साहित्यिक रचनाओं के माध्यम से प्रेम के आदर्श, प्रतीक और रूपकों के परिवर्तनशील स्वरूप का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन प्रस्तुत किया गया है। सैद्धांतिक दृष्टिकोण के अंतर्गत सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक एवं नारी विमर्श के आयामों को उजागर करते हुए यह शोध पारंपरिक प्रेम विमर्श में नैतिक मूल्यों और सामाजिक मान्यताओं की भूमिका तथा आधुनिक साहित्य में व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता, भावनात्मक संघर्ष एवं लिंग आधारित विचारधाराओं के उदय का विश्लेषण करता है। साहित्य समीक्षा एवं तुलनात्मक पद्धति के माध्यम से यह अध्ययन यह प्रदर्शित करता है कि किस प्रकार सामाजिक-आर्थिक परिवर्तनों एवं आधुनिकता के प्रभाव ने रूमानी साहित्य में प्रेम के विमर्श को पुनर्परिभाषित किया है। शोध के निष्कर्षों से यह स्पष्ट होता है कि पारंपरिक और आधुनिक विमर्श के बीच एक संक्रमणकालीन परिवर्तन देखने को मिलता है, जो न केवल साहित्यिक शैली में नवाचार का परिचायक है, बल्कि सामाजिक संरचना एवं नारी विमर्श में भी महत्वपूर्ण परिवर्तन को दर्शाता है।
Initial Conditions, Dynamic Capabilities and Performance.
Authors: Mwangi David Kiiru, J. K.
Published: February 2025

Every organization strives to achieve the best market position, attain a competitive edge, maintain high performance and end up being a market leader. However many firms start on the right foot but as the time progress some fall or fail to achieve the same. This study looked at the role of initial condition in attaining competitive advantage as well as the overall performance. The research was a census of the commercial banks sector and the findings revealed that the initial conditions do not influence the performance though contributes gaining competitive advantage. The study looked at the moderating role of dynamic capabilities on the relationship between initial conditions and performance. The findings show initial conditions effect on performance diminishes with time. However dynamic capabilities are found to play moderating role in the relationship between initial conditions and performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study recommends that all banks staff be educated on the various categories of dynamic capabilities to enable the utilize them to improve their performance and well as gaining competitive advantage.Keywords: Performance, Initial Conditions, Dynamic Capabilities
An Observational Study on the Effect of Levodopa/Carbidopa on Parkinsonian Features of X- Linked Dystonia Parkinsonism after Pallidal Stimulation
Authors: - Lord John Elmer Arcenas , - Cid Czarina Diesta
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
The estimated record of XDP patients in the Philippines is 1 in 322,000 with highest prevalence in Capiz of 1 in 4,000 among male population. Levodopa/Carbidopa is used widely to XDP that provides pharmacologic treatment used in dystonia both as diagnostic and therapeutic. It’s availability and cost readily make this available for patients with XDP.
OBJECTIVE
To date, there has not been any available data regarding the effect of levodopa/carbidopa to parkinsonian features after DBS to XDP patients hence the investigators looked into its effects as well as describe the demographic characteristics of the chosen population.
METHODS
This study is a retrospective descriptive-analytical study. The authors used purposive sampling in choosing participants in the study considering the limitation of the desired population; rarity of XDP and the few XDP patients who underwent DBS. The participants included the patients in a single-center movement disorder clinic who were eligible upon the basis of the inclusion criteria. Parkinsonian symptoms were graded using the MDS-UPDRS part III (motor section) by reviewing the videos of the participants before and after levodopa/carbidopa administration.
RESULTS
There were 26 total participants included in this study. The mean age was 41. The most common initial presentation among them was cervical dystonia 50% (N=13/26), the median age for onset of parkinsonism to develop post DBS was 3 months to which the most common feature were tremor 31% and rigidity 31%. There is a significant difference p<.001 in the parkinsonian features pre and post levodopa/carbidopa administration.
CONCLUSION
Levodopa/Carbidopa offers a promising effect on the parkinsonian symptom among XDP patients after pallidal stimulation.
MIRACLE-32 DENTAL TREATMENT
Authors: - DR.IRFAN CHHERAWALA
Published: February 2025

Decayed Painful Teeth can now be treated without injections or drilling the teeth.In other words dental treatment can now be done without doing root canal therapy or extractions
Arduino Missile Defense Radar System
Authors: - Prof. P. B. Jaipurkar , - Amisha D. Rahangdale , - Astha N. Meshram
Published: February 2025

An Arduino-based missile defense radar system is a low-cost, real-time tracking and detection solution designed for small-scale security applications. This system utilizes ultrasonic or microwave radar sensors interfaced with an Arduino microcontroller to detect and track moving objects.
The Importance of Cost Accounting in Medium-Sized Businesses
Authors: - Ketan Choudhary , - Prof. Kiran Rodrigues
Published: February 2025

This research explores the significance of cost accounting in medium-sized businesses, highlighting its role in financial management, operational efficiency, and strategic decision-making. Medium-sized enterprises operate in a unique space between small businesses and large corporations, requiring cost accounting systems that are both robust and adaptable. The study examines the benefits of cost accounting, including improved profitability, better cost control, and enhanced decision-making, while also addressing challenges such as implementation costs and complexity. Findings indicate that businesses leveraging cost accounting experience increased profit margins, better resource allocation, and operational efficiency. Additionally, technological advancements in cost accounting software are identified as key enablers of improved financial performance. The research concludes that effective cost accounting practices are essential for sustaining growth and competitiveness in medium-sized businesses.
Bridging the Gap: Exploring the Intersection of Sports Law and the Constitution in India
Authors: - Kanchankumar Tejram Shewale
Published: February 2025

Playing Sports is a cornerstone of a healthy life, strengthening your body, sharpening mind, and calming soul. The world of Indian sports vibrates with passion, talent, and the potential for global glory. This research paper examines the complex interplay between commercialization, regulation, and constitutional principles in Indian sports. The dominance of cricket, while generating substantial revenue, has overshadowed the development of other sports. The paper highlights ethical issues such as doping and nepotism, emphasizing the need for robust governance structures. It explores how Article 14 (equality), Article 15 (anti-discrimination), and Article 21 (right to life and liberty) of the Indian Constitution can be leveraged to promote inclusivity and fairness in sports. The Lodha Committee recommendations for BCCI reform are analyzed, including the need for financial transparency, age caps for officials, and player representation in administration. The paper proposes revenue-sharing mechanisms to channel cricket earnings towards fostering other sports and developing infrastructure. It recommends a multi-tier grievance redressal system for athletes and explores the potential of affirmative action policies for marginalized communities. Finally, the paper argues for recognizing sports education as a fundamental right to ensure holistic development. By bridging the legal framework with constitutional ideals, the research aspires to create a road-map for a future where Indian sports thrive on the global stage, with inclusivity, integrity, and excellence at its core.
Cybercrime: A Growing Threat in the Digital Age
Authors: - Apoorv Bhardwaj
Published: February 2025

Cybercrime has become a pervasive threat in the digital age, impacting individuals, businesses, and nations globally. This article examines the diverse forms of cybercrime, including ransomware attacks, phishing, identity theft, hacking, and cyberstalking. It analyzes the evolving tactics of cybercriminals, the challenges in detection and prosecution, and the legal frameworks designed to combat these offenses. The article also highlights the socio-economic repercussions of cybercrime, emphasizing the need for enhanced cybersecurity awareness and preventive measures. Finally, it explores potential future trends in cybercrime and proposes strategies for strengthening cybersecurity resilience in an increasingly interconnected world.
A Novel Resampling Technique for Imbalanced Classification in Software Defect Prediction by a re-sampling method with filtering
Authors: Bashir Kamal , Mosadag Mohamed
Published: February 2025

One of the greatest difficulties that most algorithms that learn classifiers face is imbalanced data. A class imbalance problem, however, is not inherently detrimental, some contemporary studies claim, nor is the performance decline solely attributable to this issue, but rather other aspects of the data distribution, such as the presence of noise and borderline cases around the class heads. In order to rectify the issue of data imbalance, the author proposes a new hybrid preprocessing technique in this study. This technique handles class imbalance, the presence of noise, and borderline samples in software defect data. To solve this problem of data imbalance and noisy samples, a combination of hyperparameter optimization based on Rough Set Theory (RST), Iterative-Partitioning Filter (IPF), and Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) oversampling is used. The strategy begins with the application of SMOTE to synthesize artificial examples through a process of linear interpolation. The first step of the algorithm is to use SMOTE followed by linear interpolation of two defect-prone k-nearest neighbors to generate synthetic examples. Then, majority-class examples with a lower approximation of these originals and newly generated minority-class examples are removed using RST. Then IPF is applied to erase the data. We analyze the efficacy of our algorithm by conducting experiments where the learning algorithm is the C4.5 classifier. Then, statistical tests show the superiority of our proposed method over state-of-the-art sampling methods.
Theoretical analysis of power-law nanofluid across extended sheet with thermal-concentration slip and Soret/Dufour effect
Authors: Haider Irfan , Khan Imtiaz Ahmad , Kainat Fatima , Akhter Hassan Ali , Khalid Hassaan , Jabeen Nawishta , Hussain Ahmad
Published: February 2025

The present research explores the theoretical analysis of power-law nanofluid across extended sheet with thermal-concentration slip and Soret/Dufour effects. Physical problem is converted into non-linear differential equations via similar transformations. The Keller box method has been utilized to solve the non-linear problems. In the nanofluid framework, the Soret/Dufour and magnetic fields are integrated.   The Keller Box approach is apply on  explanatory algebraic equations with MATLAB software to extract the numerical and graphical results. Physical features such as temperature description, velocity description, and mass distribution are examined in relation to different flow model variables. The findings show that the velocity profile increases with increasing thermal-concentration slip variable while mass  concentration rate decreased. It is found that the heart transmission rate and fluid velocity are increased with increasing Brownian motion and Lewis variable. Present study is useful for the cooling process in industrial mechanical systems.
A Comparative Analysis for the Performance of LFW and ORL Databases in Facial Recognition
Authors: Mosadag Mohamed , Mohammed Mohammed Ahmed , Bashir Kamal , Mubark Amin
Published: February 2025

It has become clear in the last many years that face recognition has attracted the attention of researchers. Until now, this has been a difficult area of research due to several problems. The face continues to be the most difficult subject of study for experts within the realm of computer vision and image processing, because it is an element with diverse sensory properties. There are several face images databases used to train and test facial recognition systems used in the recent literature with different results. But until now, the most effective database has not been identified. The free facial image databases LFW (Labeled Faces in the Wild) and ORL (Olivetti Research Laboratory) are the most widely used. The main idea of this survey work is to compare the selected face databases based on using different face recognition methods (different feature extraction and classification techniques).The performance, accuracy, and computational requirements of these methods are analyzed through a series of case studies and empirical evaluations with a confusion matrix. The results of this comparison will be used in the author's future work in the face detection and recognition software environment for evaluating performance and testing purposes. The results obtained support that the suitable choice between LFW and ORL databases depends on the specific goals of the facial recognition system. For initial development and controlled testing, ORL is highly effective. For evaluating performance in real-world scenarios, LFW is more representative but challenging.
OPTIMIZATION OF CARBON NANOTUBE REINFORCEMENT FOR ENHANCED MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES
Authors: Saddam Hussain  , Madiha Liaquat  , Ali Hussnain  , Ume Farwa  , Saira Rauf
Published: February 2025

Carbon nanotube CNT reinforcement strategy to advanced polymer based material applications is a fascinating approach of filling and strengthening in order to improve mechanical, thermal, electrical and other properties of nanocomposite. This paper aims at setting up a solid understanding of the impact that dispersion of CNT, functionalization of CNT and concentration of load in polymer composite has on its mechanical properties. It was also found that lengthened CNT has better dispersion and better mechanical properties, both tensile strength and Young’s modulus, and fracture toughness were enhanced with an optimum value at 3 wt% CNT. From the results it can be concluded that properly dispersed CNTs improved the load transfer efficiency and on the contrary; higher content of CNTs may cause the formation of agglomerated clusters which restrict stress distribution and mechanical properties. Electrical conductivity data show that there is the percolation concentration of CNT being at 3 wt%, which leads to the transition from insulating material to conductive one. Also, the thermal conductivity increases as the CNT contents increase, but there is a limit of improvement since phonon scattering at high CNT content begins to hinder the improvement. SEM and TEM evidence for CNT dispersion to 3 wt% reveal the good agreement with the relationship between high CNT homogeneity and improvements in material properties. This work emphasizes the importance of surface-modification of CNTs, dispersion methods, and processing techniques for improving the properties of nanocomposites. The results are of importance for aerospace, automobile, and electronic industries because such invention demands lightweight, strong, and thermally conductive materials. Further studies should be devoted to the investigation of the combined use of CNTs and other types of reinforcements and to the development of efficient large-scale processing technologies for controlled CNT dispersion and alignment, which would lead to steady mechanical reinforcement in practical applications.
IMPROVING THE EXPLAINABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY OF DEEP LEARNING MODELS IN INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEMS
Authors: Daim Ali  , Muhammad Kamran Abid  , Muhammad Baqer  , Yasir Aziz  , Naeem Aslam  , Nasir Umer
Published: February 2025

The conventional criteria of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) need to evolve because they fail to detect modern cyber security threats adequately. The advantages of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models in IDS functionality are limited by the inability to provide explanations which prevents cybersecurity professionals from validating decisions. The research analyzes DL-based IDS performance and interpretability standards through the examination of the NSL-KDD dataset. A screening process identified models that combined high reliability and accuracy numbers as selection candidates. feedforward neural networks (FNN), convolutional neural networks (CNN), and recurrent neural networks (RNN)—findings revealed that CNN achieved the greatest accuracy of 94.2% along with an AUC of 0.97 exempting FNN (91.3%) and RNN (93.8%). The effective extraction of spatial features from network traffic data by CNN models leads to its higher performance. The "black-box" nature of CNNs within DL models makes them difficult to understand because they remain concealed from users. The research integrated local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) to interpret decisions at the feature level. The implemented methods did not result in substantial accuracy improvements yet they made classification decisions more trustworthy and understandable by indicating the important features involved. Furthermore, in these developments there exist technical obstacles associated with high processing expenses and performance versus deployment speed balancing requirements. Research initiatives should focus on developing explainability techniques that maintain high-performance rates and excellent interpretability in IDS systems.
INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF QUANTUM CONFINEMENT AND SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE IN ENHANCING WATER PURIFICATION EFFICIENCY OF NANOMATERIAL-BASED MEMBRANES
Authors: Saddam Hussain  , Abdul Sattar  , Zamin Abbas  , Zaid Ullah
Published: February 2025

Wastewater pollution is prevalent worldwide, and therefore, there is a need to come up with proper purification methods. There are also problems of membrane fouling, high energy costs compared to conventional treatments, and inapplicable to many pollutants of the currently available technologies like reverse osmosis and activated carbon adsorption. Newer innovations that have been adopted in nanotechnology include the quantum confinement and the surface plasmon resonance which is useful for the purification of water in nanomaterial-based membranes. This paper investigates the synthesis of quantum-confined TiO₂ and ZnO QDs embedded in Au and Ag NPs to facilitate quantum confinement effects and SPR to enhance contaminant reduction abilities. Quantum confinement improves photoactivity by increasing band gap energy, which enables efficient photodegradation of the organic pollution through UV light exposure. At the same time, SPR in noble metal nanoparticles boosts light absorption in the visible region and enhances photocatalytic reactions through hot electrons injection and locally enhanced electromagnetic field. The developed nanomaterial containing membranes were comprehensively characterized and evaluated for the water permeability, the degradation of pollutants, adsorption of heavy metal ions, antimicrobial activity, and fouling behavior. The findings revealed that the incorporation of TiO₂ and ZnO QDs in the membranes remove 88-92% of the organic dyes and pharmaceutical compounds in the water while, Au and Ag nanoparticles help in the inactivation of bacterial by more than 95% and eliminations of Pb²⁺, As³⁺ and Cd²⁺up to 90%. Moreover, the SPR-based membranes had a higher water flux of 135 L/m²h and a better anti-fouling characteristic to enable long-term stable operation. These findings highlight the possibilities of achieving synergistic effects of integrated cooperation and training and development efforts.
Vida de santos y predicación en la Sevilla barroca
Authors: Núñez Beltrán Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2025

Gran parte del sermonario barroco lo componen los sermones sobre santos, los sermones hagiográficos. Este artículo intenta responder a una pregunta que surge en torno a este tipo de predicación. A saber, si se trata de hagiografías predicadas o predicaciones de carácter hagiográfico. Y se realiza mediante el estudio comparativo de sermones de santos o difuntos predicados en Sevilla en el siglo XVII y las hagiografías. Para ello se toman dos personajes, Ignacio de Loyola, santo canonizado en este siglo y de gran devoción en el pueblo sevillano, y Miguel de Mañara Vicentelo, importante caballero sevillano de esta época, y se analizan algunas obras de este tipo de literatura religiosa escritas sobre ellos.
Evaluating the effectiveness of tax policies in reducing the underground economy in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thuong , Phan Khanh Duy , Tu Huu Cong , Mai Le Quynh
Published: February 2025

Vietnam’s underground economy, characterized by unregulated and unregistered activities, poses significant challenges to fiscal capacity, social equity, and economic development. Informality undermines government revenue, distorts competition, and restricts economic planning. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various tax policy interventions Value Added Tax (VAT) reforms, business registration incentives, and enforcement measures in reducing informality in Vietnam. Specifically, the research addresses whether these policies effectively encourage informal enterprises to formalize, thereby improving tax compliance and economic transparency.The study employs a combined Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Difference-in-Differences (DiD) methodology to ensure robust causal inference. The analysis covers the period from 2012 to 2023, utilizing data from the General Statistics Office, Ministry of Finance, and World Bank Development Indicators. PSM is used to match comparable groups of enterprises, while DiD estimates the differential impact of policy interventions over time. Robustness checks, including placebo tests and sensitivity analyses, validate the findings. The findings reveal that VAT reforms and registration incentives significantly reduce informality, while enforcement measures are less effective. The study contributes to the literature by applying a novel PSM-DiD framework to the analysis of informality in an emerging economy context, providing evidence-based insights for policymakers. The results underscore the importance of balancing incentives and enforcement measures to promote sustainable formalization.
Changer de régime. Travail politique et développement territorial
Authors: Ségas Sébastien
Published: February 2025

Cet article interroge un angle mort relatif de la théorie des régimes urbains. Cette théorie, qui insiste sur la stabilité des coalitions territorialisées d’acteurs publics et privés qui pilotent l’action publique de développement des villes, est peu disserte quant à la façon dont ces régimes se construisent ou la façon dont ils se transforment. Comment passe-t-on d’un régime à un autre, c’est-à-dire à la fois d’une coalition à une autre et d’objectifs de développement à d’autres ? La thèse de cet article, qui s’appuie sur l’analyse de deux agglomérations françaises (Nantes et Rennes), est que la notion de travail politique, qui permet de désigner un ensemble, à la fois complexe et fragile, d’opérations visant à fabriquer des arguments et à construire des alliances, permet de mieux appréhender les processus de modification des régimes territoriaux de développement.
Mineralogy and Petrology of Unique Native-Iron Basalts from Northern Siberia
Authors: Mills Sara
Published: February 2025

Native iron, as a mineral, occurs in only three (3) geologic locations on Earth: 1) Disko Island (Greenland), 2) Bühl basalt (Kassel, Germany), and 3) Siberian flood basalts (SFB) (Taylor et al., 2014). Hypabyssal (shallow) mafic intrusions associated with the SFB in Northern Siberia contain metallic native iron, indicating formation under highly reducing environments (Olivine compositions clustered around Fo50, indicating crystallization from a parental magma with Mg# = 23 (MgO/FeO+MgO).
This differs greatly from typical basalts from this region, which have been reported to have an Mg# between 50-60 (Wooden et al. 1993; Naldrett et al. 1992).
Pyroxenes are present as augite and pigeonite, with compositions in equilibrium with those of olivine. Fine-grained matrix crystals of plagioclase are similar in composition to the cores of zoned grains, values ranging from An46-84 andAn43-82, respectively. Likewise, plagioclase phenocrysts are similar in composition to the rims of zoned grains, with compositions ranging from An54-80 and An54-77, respectively. These results show that the reduction process resulted in substantial enrichment of FeO in the melt, which is especially reflected in the compositions of pyroxene and olivine. This process also significantly reduced the oxygen fugacity to a point at which native iron became stable, a state which is almost exclusively found on extra-terrestrial bodies. Native iron in this sample occurs as the mineral kamacite (FeNi), with 1-3 wt% Ni. Other Fe-rich and terrestrially rare and unusual minerals found in this sample include: cohenite – Fe3C; native Cu; ilmenite – FeTiO3; troilite – FeS; chalcopyrite – CuFeS2; and wüstite – FeO.
A New H4/5 Ordinary Chondrite from North West Saudi Arabia, Al Jawf 001
Authors: Combs Logan , Gass Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

This research involves the classification and description for the newly discovered ordinary chondrite breccia, Al Jawf 001. Compositional analyses of olivine, pyroxene, and kamacite in each of the major clasts and matrix of the breccia were taken in order to determine its compositional group (H, L, or LL). Percent mean deviations (PMD) of Fe in pyroxenes were calculated for every major clast and matrix, in order to determine the petrologic type of the meteorite. The thermal history was ascertained by pyroxene thermometry and the metallographic cooling rate. The above methods yielded that Al Jawf 001 is an H4/5 chondrite with a peak metamorphic temperature of 750 oC - 850 oC and a cooling rate of 0.1 - 1.0 oC per million years. The high peak metamorphic temperature and slow cooling rate suggest a two-stage cooling-rate history for the H chondrite parent body. Al Jawf 001 provides valuable insight into the history of the H chondrite and adds to the vast amount of information available on ordinary chondrites, increasing our knowledge of the early solar system.
The Mysterious Case of Benton and Gould: America Today and Dick Tracy as Documents of the Great Depression
Authors: Narro Melinda
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the close connections that run between American Regionalist art and newspaper adventure comics during the 1930s using Thomas Hart Benton’s America Today mural (1930-31) and Chester Gould’s Dick Tracy strip (1931). These concurrent popular movements each represent a seismic shift in the tone of their medium when compared to that of the 1920s. Within these two works, repeated patterns of form and content attest to a shared purpose rooted in the national malaise of the early Depression. Granted parity as valuable historic documents, both America Today and Dick Tracy speak clearly to the desires, frustrations, and fears of a country in crisis. Further critical reading reveals how Benton and Gould achieved similar levels of popular acclaim by offering the public visual and narrative affirmations of American unity, ingenuity, and strength. The cultural insight gleaned in such an exercise argues for a more holistic approach to art history that eschews “high” and “low” artistic distinctions.