bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New particle formation in the western Yangtze River Delta: first data from SORPES-station
Authors: Herrmann E. , Ding A. J. , Petäjä T. , Yang X. Q. , Sun J. N. , Qi X. M. , Manninen H. , Hakala J. , Nieminen T. , Aalto P. P. , Kerminen V.-M. , Kulmala M. , Fu C. B.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Aerosols and new particle formation were studied in the western part of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), at the SORPES station of Nanjing University. Air ions between 0.8 and 42 nm were measured using an air ion spectrometer; a DMPS provided particle size distributions between 6 and 800 nm. Additionally, meteorological data, trace gas concentrations, and PM2.5 values were recorded. During the measurement period from 18 November 2011 to 31 March 2012, the mean total particle concentration was found to be 23 000 cm−3. The mean PM2.5 value was 90 μ g m−3, well above national limits. During the observations, 26 new particle formation events occurred, typically producing 6 nm particles at a rate of 1 cm−3 s−1, resulting in over 4000 cm−3 new CCN per event. Typical growth rates were between 6 and 7 nm h−1. Ion measurements showed the typical cluster band below 2 nm, with total ion concentrations roughly between 600 and 1000 cm−3. A peculiar feature of the ion measurements were the heightened ion cluster concentrations during the nights before event days. The highly polluted air of the YRD provides both the potential source (SO2) and the sink (particulate matter) for sulfuric acid, leaving radiation as the determining force behind new particle formation. Accordingly, a good correlation was found between new particle formation rate and radiation values.
Modelling the effects of gravity waves on stratocumulus clouds observed during VOCALS-UK
Authors: Connolly P. J. , Vaughan G. , Cook P. , Allen G. , Coe H. , Choularton T. W. , Dearden C. , Hill A.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. During the VOCALS campaign spaceborne satellite observations showed that travelling gravity wave packets, generated by geostrophic adjustment, resulted in perturbations to marine boundary layer clouds over the south east Pacific ocean. Often, these perturbations were reversible in that passage of the wave resulted in the clouds becoming brighter (in the wave crest) then darker (in the wave trough) and subsequently recovering their properties after the passage of the wave. However, occasionally the wave packets triggered irreversible changes to the clouds, which transformed from closed mesoscale cellular convection to open form. In this paper we use large eddy simulation (LES) to examine the physical mechanisms that cause this transition. Specifically, we examine whether the clearing of the cloud is due to: (i) the wave causing additional cloud-top entrainment of warm, dry air or (ii) whether the additional condensation of liquid water onto the existing drops and the subsequent formation of drizzle are the important mechanisms. We find that although the wave does cause additional drizzle formation, this is not the reason for the persistent clearing of the cloud; rather it is the additional entrainment of warm, dry air into the cloud, although this only has a significant effect when the cloud is starting to de-couple from the boundary layer. The result in this case is a change from a stratocumulus to a more cumulus-like regime. For the simulations presented here, cloud condensation nuclei scavenging did not play an important role in the clearing of the cloud. The results have implications for understanding transitions between the different cellular regimes in marine boundary layer clouds.
Vegetation responses to interglacial warming in the Arctic, examples from Lake El'gygytgyn, northeast Siberia
Authors: Lozhkin A. V. , Anderson P. M.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Palynological data from Lake El'gygytgyn reveal responses of plant communities to a range of climatic conditions that can help assess the possible impact of global warming on arctoboreal ecosystems. Vegetation associated with climatic optima suggests two types of interglacial responses: one is dominated by deciduous taxa (the postglacial thermal maximum (PGTM) and marine isotope stage (MIS5)) and the second by evergreen conifers (MIS11, MIS31). The MIS11 forests show a similarity to Picea-Larix-Betula-Alnus forests of Siberia. While dark coniferous forest also characterizes MIS31, the pollen taxa show an affinity to the modern boreal forest of the lower Amur valley in the Russian Far East. Despite vegetation differences during the thermal maxima, all four glacial-interglacial transitions are alike, being dominated by deciduous woody taxa. Initially Betula shrub tundra established and was replaced by tundra with tree-sized shrubs (PGTM), Betula woodland (MIS5), or Betula-Larix (MIS11, MIS31) forest. The consistent occurrence of deciduous forest and/or high shrub tundra in all interglaciations as they approach or achieve maximum warmth underscores the significance of this biome for modeling efforts. The El'gygytgyn data also suggest the possible elimination or massive reduction of arctic plant communities under extreme warm-earth scenarios.
Pertinent spatio-temporal scale of observation to understand sediment yield control factors in the Andean Region: the case of the Santa River (Peru)
Authors: Morera S. B. , Condom T. , Vauchel P. , Guyot J.-L. , Galvez C. , Crave A.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Hydro-sedimentology development is a great challenge in Peru due to limited data as well as sparse and confidential information. Consequently, little is known at present about the relationship between the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), precipitation, runoff, land use and the sediment transport dynamics. The aim of this paper is to bridge this gap in order to quantify and understand the signal of magnitude and frequency of the sediment fluxes from the central western Andes; also, to identify the main erosion control factor and its relevance. The Tablachaca River (3132 km2) and the Santa River (6815 km2), two mountainous Andean catchments that are geographically close to each other, both showed similar statistical daily rainfall and discharge variability but high contrast in sediment yield (SY). In order to investigate which factors are of importance, the continuous water discharge and hourly suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) of the Santa River were studied. Firstly, the specific sediment yield (SSY) at the continental Andes range scale for the Pacific side is one of the highest amounts (2204 t km2 yr−1). Secondly, no relationship between the water discharge (Q) and El Niño/La Niñ a events is found over a 54 yr time period. However, the Santa Basin is highly sensitive during mega Niños (1982–1983 and 1997–1998). Lastly, dispersed micro-mining and mining activity in specific lithologies are identified as the major factors that control the high SSY. These remarks make the Peruvian coast key areas for future research on Andean sediment rates.
Comprehensive analysis of tornado statistics in comparison to earthquakes: intensity and temporal behaviour
Authors: Schielicke L. , Névir P.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Tornadoes and earthquakes are characterised by a high variability in their properties concerning intensity, geometric properties and temporal behaviour. Earthquakes are known for power-law behaviour in their intensity (Gutenberg–Richter law) and temporal statistics (e.g. Omori law and interevent waiting times). The observed similarity of high variability of these two phenomena motivated us to compare the statistical behaviour of tornadoes using seismological methods and quest for power-law behaviour. In general, the statistics of tornadoes show power-law behaviour partly coextensive with characteristic scales when the temporal resolution is high (10 to 60 min). These characteristic scales match with the typical diurnal behaviour of tornadoes, which is characterised by a maximum of tornado occurrences in the late afternoon hours. Furthermore, the distributions support the observation that tornadoes cluster in time. Finally, we shortly discuss a possible similar underlying structure composed of heterogeneous, coupled, interactive threshold oscillators that possibly explains the observed behaviour.
Risk, trust and eID: Exploring public perceptions of digital identity systems
Authors: Halperin Ruth , Backhouse James
Published: January 2013

This paper offers an account of the perceptions of citizens from the U.K. and Germany on the subject of interoperable electronic identity (eID) systems. It draws on a grounded empirical analysis identifying the risks that citizens associate with online identity management systems: information risk, economic risk and socio–political risk. Our study suggests that the perceived risks derive from, and are amplified by, low trust beliefs in public authorities responsible for identity management. Three dimensions of trustworthiness in government were found — competence, integrity and benevolence — constructed from negative past experiences of IT failures, function creep, and political history of oppression. To theorise our findings we propose a model depicting the relationships between trust, risk and behavioral intentions. Practical implications deriving from the study concern trust enhancement and risk reduction strategies aimed at winning public acceptance of eID systems in electronic services.
One, none and one hundred thousand profiles
Authors: Pepe Alberto , Wolff Spencer , Van Godtsenhoven Karen
Published: January 2013

Uno, Nessuno, Centomila (“One, No One and One Hundred Thousand”) is a classic novel by Italian playwright Luigi Pirandello. Published in 1925, it recounts the tragedy of Vitangelo Moscarda, a man who struggles to reclaim a coherent and unitary identity for himself in the face of an inherently social and multi-faceted world. What would Moscarda identity tragedy look like today? In this article we transplant Moscarda’s identity play from its offline setting to the contemporary arena of social media and online social networks. With reference to established theories on identity construction, performance, and self-presentation, we re-imagine how Moscarda would go about defending the integrity of his selfhood in the face of the discountenancing influences of the online world.
Tools and methods for capturing Twitter data during natural disasters
Authors: Bruns Axel , Liang Yuxian Eugene
Published: January 2013

During the course of several natural disasters in recent years, Twitter has been found to play an important role as an additional medium for many-to-many crisis communication. Emergency services are successfully using Twitter to inform the public about current developments, and are increasingly also attempting to source first-hand situational information from Twitter feeds (such as relevant hashtags). The further study of the uses of Twitter during natural disasters relies on the development of flexible and reliable research infrastructure for tracking and analysing Twitter feeds at scale and in close to real time, however. This article outlines two approaches to the development of such infrastructure: one which builds on the readily available open source platform yourTwapperkeeper to provide a low-cost, simple, and basic solution; and one which establishes a more powerful and flexible framework by drawing on highly scaleable, state-of-the-art technology.
Agarics of alders 1 – the Alnicola badia complex
Authors: Moreau Pierre-Arthur , Rochet Juliette , Bizio Enrico , Deparis Laurent , Peintner Ursula , Senn-Irlet Beatrice , Tedersoo Leho , Gardes Monique
Published: January 2013

Three closely related species in Alnicola sect. Alnicola, Alnicola, are described, illustrated, and compared. Alnicola badia is revised based on the type collection and recent collections made under Alnus alnobetula. Two species (A. longicystis,
A. xanthophylla) associated with Alnus glutinosa and A. incana and locally frequent in western and central Europe are described as new.
Lichenological notes 5: Neotypification of Sarcogyne magnussonii (Acarosporaceae)
Authors: Knudsen Kerry , Kocourková Jana
Published: January 2013

Sarcogyne magnussonii is neotypified and its description revised based on new specimens from Canada.
New species of Humicola and Endophragmiella from China
Authors: Wu Yue-Ming , Zhang Tian-Yu
Published: January 2013

Three new species, Humicola jilongensis, Humicola shannanensis and Endophragmiella zhangmuensis, are described and illustrated from soil in China. The type specimens (dried cultures) and living cultures are deposited in the Herbarium of Shandong Agricultural University,
Plant Pathology (HSAUP). Isotypes are kept in the Herbarium of Institute of Microbiology, Academia Sinica (HMAS).
Pholiota virescens, a new species from China
Authors: Tian En-Jing , Bau Tolgor
Published: January 2013

Pholiota virescens, a new species of Pholiota is described from China. It is characterized by its pileus with the green tone at maturity, and its prominent and conspicuously projecting pleurocystidia with thin wall.
Ellisembia karadkensis sp. nov. from southern Western Ghats, India
Authors: Rajeshkumar Kunhiraman C. , Kajale Swapnil C. , Sutar Somnath A. , Singh Sanjay K.
Published: January 2013

A new species, Ellisembia karadkensis is described from Bambusa bambos culms as a saprobe. It differs from other Ellisembia species in possessing simple or (often) Y-shaped branched conidia with long flagelliform apical appendages. A morphological comparison is
made with similar Ellisembia species, and with those restricted to bamboo. A new combination, E. magnibrachypus, is proposed for Sporidesmium magnibrachypus.
Mycoacia angustata sp. nov. (Basidiomycota, Meruliaceae), the first Chinese hydnoid species
Authors: Yuan Hai-Sheng , Wan Xian-Zhen
Published: January 2013

A new hydnoid basidiomycete, Mycoacia angustata sp. nov., is described and illustrated from the tropical and subtropical forest of Hainan and Hubei Province, southern China. It is the first new Mycoacia species described from China. The new species is characterized by
ceraceous basidiocarps, an odontioid to hydnoid hymenophore with buff to cinnamon-buff surface, a monomitic hyphal system, and allantoid narrow hyaline basidiospores. Relationships between the new and closely related species are discussed.
A new species of Entoloma from Liaoning Province, Northeast China
Authors: Qi Liang-Liang , He Xiao-Lan , Li Yu
Published: January 2013

Entoloma liaoningense, a new species from Northeast China, is described, illustrated, and discussed. It is characterized by mycenoid to marasmioid basidiomata, conspicuously sulcate pileus, 2-spored basidia, isodiametric to subisodiametric basidiospores, and absence of both cystidia
and clamp connections.
A new species of Xerocomus from Southern China
Authors: Zhang Ming , Li Tai-Hui , Bau Tolgor , Song Bin
Published: January 2013

Xerocomus puniceiporus, discovered from Heishiding National Nature Reserve in Guangdong province of China, is described as new. The new species is morphologically distinctive because of its small basidioma, greyish ruby to purplish red pileus hairs or scales, reddish purple stipe,
and yellow tubes with reddish purple pores. Its rDNA ITS sequence differs from any known sequence of Xerocomus and Boletus. The holotype is deposited in the Fungal Herbarium of Guangdong Institute of Microbiology (GDGM).
Two new species of Ceriporia (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) with a key to the accepted species in China
Authors: Jia Bi-Si , Cui Bao-Kai
Published: January 2013

Two new polypores, Ceriporia inflata and C. jiangxiensis spp. nov. are described from China: C. inflata is characterized by large pores (2–3 per mm), cylindrical to oblong-ellipsoid basidiospores (4.7–5.2 × 2–2.4 μm), and hyphae that swell
in KOH; C. jiangxiensis has ellipsoid, cylindrical to oblong-ellipsoid basidiospores (4.8–5.8 × 2.1–2.7 μm), mycelioid cystidia, and distinctly thick-walled subicular hyphae. A key to accepted species of Ceriporia in China is provided.
Lepiota himalayensis (Basidiomycota, Agaricales), a new species from Pakistan
Authors: Razaq A. , Khalid A.N. , Vellinga E.C.
Published: January 2013

A new Lepiota species from the Himalayan moist temperate forests in Pakistan is described and illustrated. The orangish-brown basidiocarp with dark blackish scales on the pileus, ellipsoid spores, narrowly clavate to clavate cheilocystidia, and the narrowly clavate to clavate
nature of trichodermial elements of pileal covering are striking features of this species. The phylogenetic relationship with related species based on ITS-rDNA sequences is discussed.
Diplomitoporus dilutabilis belongs to Cinereomyces (Polyporales, Basidiomycota)
Authors: Miettinen Otto
Published: January 2013

The Brazilian polypore Diplomitoporus dilutabilis is combined in Cinereomyces, and compared with C. lindbladii. The species share similar irregular, amyloid, acyanophilous skeletal hyphae that have a wide lumen and dissolve in KOH. A brief description and drawings
of the type of C. dilutabilis are provided.
Cyathus badius and C. earlei reported from the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest
Authors: da Cruz Rhudson Henrique Santos Ferreira , Barbosa Marcos Mateus Barros , Baseia Iuri Goulart
Published: January 2013

Two rare species of Cyathus, C. earlei and C. badius, were found in remnants of Brazilian Atlantic rainforest located in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. Both species are new records for South America, and C. badius represents the second
occurrence for the world. Descriptions, taxonomic remarks, and illustrations of these species are provided.
New combinations and notes in clavarioid fungi
Authors: Olariaga I. , Salcedo I.
Published: January 2013

The revision of several families of clavarioid fungi in the Iberian Peninsula necessitated new combinations and names to be used for the Iberian fungal flora. Eight new combinations are proposed in Clavulina, Ramariopsis, and Typhula, and nomenclatural and taxonomic
comments are provided in each case. Lectotypes are designated for Clavaria contorta, Clavaria fistulosa (type species of Macrotyphula), and Clavaria phacorrhiza (type species of Typhula). The genus Macrotyphula is reduced to synonymy under Typhula.
Laccariopsis, a new genus for Hydropus mediterraneus (Basidiomycota, Agaricales)
Authors: Vizzini Alfredo , Ercole Enrico , Voyron Samuele
Published: January 2013

Laccariopsis (Agaricales) is a new monotypic genus established for Hydropus mediterraneus, an arenicolous species earlier often placed in Flammulina, Oudemansiella, or Xerula. Laccariopsis is morphologically close to these genera but
distinguished by a unique combination of features: a Laccaria-like habit (distant, thick, subdecurrent lamellae), viscid pileus and upper stipe, glabrous stipe with a long pseudorhiza connecting with Ammophila and Juniperus roots and incorporating plant debris and sand
particles, pileipellis consisting of a loose ixohymeniderm with slender pileocystidia, large and thin- to thick-walled spores and basidia, thin- to slightly thick-walled hymenial cystidia and caulocystidia, and monomitic stipe tissue. Phylogenetic analyses based on a combined ITS-LSU sequence
dataset place Laccariopsis close to Gloiocephala and Rhizomarasmius.
New records of smut fungi. 7
Authors: Denchev Cvetomir M. , Denchev Teodor T.
Published: January 2013

Three new species of smut fungi from North America are described and illustrated: Anthracoidea deweyanae on Carex deweyana from U.S.A., A. foeneae on Carex foenea from Canada, and A. savilei on Carex norvegica from Canada. Anthracoidea shaanxiensis
is reported for the first time from North America (Canada) on a new host plant, Carex concinna. This species has been known only from Chinese localities.
Type studies on four Entoloma species from South China
Authors: He Xiao-Lan , Li Tai-Hui , Jiang Zi-De , Shen Ya-Heng
Published: January 2013

The types of Entoloma caespitosum, E. carneobrunneum, E. metuloideum, and E. pseudogriseoalbum from South China were studied. Entoloma carneobrunneum and E. caespitosum are shown to be conspecific, E. pseudogriseoalbum is revised based
on re-examination of the holotype and additional material, and E. metuloideum is referred to Inocybe but requires further study to establish its relationships with other species in that genus.
Notes on Stereocaulon species from Bolivia
Authors: Oset Magdalena , Kukwa Martin
Published: January 2013

Stereocaulon crambidiocephalum, S. pachycephalum, and S. pomiferum are reported as new to Bolivia. Notes on the recently discovered holotype of S. meyeri are included.
Taxonomy and phylogenetic placement of the downy mildew Peronospora saturejae-hortensis
Authors: Gabler Jutta , Hagedorn Gregor , Braun Uwe
Published: January 2013

Downy mildew of summer savory (Satureja hortensis), which causes a potentially devastating disease, has been sporadically observed in Germany since 1913. After severe outbreaks in German summer savory fields in 2004, 2006, and 2009, questions arose about the identity of the downy
mildew that is the causal agent of the disease since recent research has suggested that many species of Peronosporaceae are narrowly host specific and the application of broad species concepts is inappropriate. ITS rDNA sequence-based phylogenies support this pathogen as a distinct
species in Peronospora closely related to P. belbahrii and P. salviae-officinalis, recently described from lamiaceous hosts. A careful comparison with downy mildew species described from Satureja hortensis and allied Lamiaceae resulted in the identification
of the etiological agent of downy mildew of summer savory as P. saturejae-hortensis, confirmed by a re-examination of topotype material. A pathogenicity test has confirmed the pathogenicity of P. saturejae-hortensis on summer savory.
Clarification of Peziza fimeti with notes on P. varia collections on dung
Authors: Medardi Gianfranco , Lantieri Angela , Pfister Donald H. , LoBuglio Katherine F. , Cacialli Gabriele
Published: January 2013

The smooth-spored species inhabiting dung, mainly of the Peziza fimeti group, were studied morphologically and through ITS sequence comparison. The results established that Peziza varia is also able to fruit on dung, clarifying a long-standing situation regarding two conflicting
interpretations given in P. fimeti literature.
New taxa of Hymenochaete (Agaricomycetes, Hymenochaetales) with a note on H. caucasica
Authors: Parmasto Erast
Published: January 2013

Five new species of Hymenochaete, H. cystidiata, H. fuscotestacea, H. leppii, H. patellaris, and H. spinulosetosa, and a new subspecies, H. muroiana subsp. africana, are described. Hymenochaete caucasica is redescribed and
accepted as a distinct species and not a synonym of H. minuscula.
Notes on some Eurasian species of Anthracoidea and Entyloma
Authors: Savchenko Kyrylo G. , Heluta Vasyl P. , Hirylovich Ivan S. , Wasser Solomon P. , Nevo Eviatar
Published: January 2013

New records of smut fungi representing Anthracoidea and Entyloma from Israel, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia are presented. Each record is followed by a comprehensive description and illustrations based on original material. Additionally, a revision of Entyloma/Ranunculus
records from Israel is given.
Two new species in the Graphidaceae (Ostropales, Ascomycota) from China
Authors: Jia Ze-Feng , Wang Rui-Fang , Wei Jiang-Chun
Published: January 2013

During an examination of subtropical and tropical lichen collections from China, two species, Fissurina isidiata collected from Hainan Island and Graphis wangii collected from Yunnan province, were discovered and are reported as new to science.
Impiego Dell'esame Estemporaneo al Congelatore per la Valutazione dei Margini Chirurgici in Corso di Prostatectomia Radicale
Authors: Varvello Francesco , Conti Enrico , Camilli Marco , Lacquaniti Sergio , Fasolis Giuseppe
Published: January 2013

Introduction

At present there is no consensus on the use of frozen sections (FS) during radical prostatectomy. Several groups have proposed the benefit of FS although the studies differ widely in sampling methods and sites where FS were taken. This study aims to evaluate the usefulness and reliability of standard assessment of FS in multiple sites during radical prostatectomy.

Methods

During open radical prostatectomy in all patients we sampled tissue from the urethral stump, the neurovascular bundles, the Denonvillier fascia and the bladder neck after removing the prostate. Where FS showed positive margins, further periprostatic tissue was resected from the prostatic bed until negative margins were achieved. The results of FS were compared with margin status of final pathology.

Results

From 1998 to 2004 we performed FS during 250 consecutive open radical prostatectomies (104 nerve sparing procedures). 66 patients had positive FS (26.4%) and 53 patients had positive surgical margins at final pathology (21.2%). All patients with positive FS had negative margins when further tissue was resected in the prostatic bed. During nerve sparing procedures positive FS were found in 14 patients. In these cases the procedure was converted into standard prostatectomy by resecting the neurovascular bundles. Sensibility and specificity were both 90%. Positive and negative predictive values were respectively 72% and 97%.

Conclusions

Standard assessment of FS in multiple sites during radical prostatectomy achieved sensibility and specificity as high as 90%. Although the resection of urethral stump and tissue close to the neurovascular bundles could compromise functional results, standard assessment of FS in multiple sites could help the surgeon to reduce the positive surgical margins, to monitor the oncological safety of a nerve sparing procedure and to improve the pathological staging.
Presentación Vol.8 2012
Authors: Suazo Martha Lorena
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/pdac.v8i0.915 Revista Población y Desarrollo: Argonautas y Caminantes, Vol. 8, 2012 pp.5-6
Migración Internacional Reciente de Honduras
Authors: Fonseca Manuel Antonio Flores
Published: January 2013

Este estudio es un recuento de la migración internacional reciente del país, principalmente de las últimas décadas, cuando se han producido transformaciones que hacen más visible la emigración, un acrecentamiento de los flujos, diversificación de destinos, cambios en los perfiles, que tienen su origen en diversas causas de origen económico, social, político y ambiental. Para ello, se utilizó como fuentes de datos demográficos, los censos de población, las encuestas de hogares o de migración, los registros administrativos de los países de origen y de destino. La migración se ha convertido en una estrategia de vida en la búsqueda de mejoras en las condiciones de vida, a través de un empleo, también se realiza para huir de la inseguridad ciudadana o simplemente buscar otros lugares para lograr movilidad social. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/pdac.v8i0.916 Revista Población y Desarrollo: Argonautas y Caminantes, Vol. 8, 2012 pp.9-22
Los Centroamericanos en Estados Unidos
Authors: Lima José Arnoldo Sermeño
Published: January 2013

Considerando la importancia de la emigración centroamericana como fenómeno social y económico, el artículo hace una descripción cuantitativa de los movimientos de población de cada país de la región hacia los Estados Unidos (EUA), utilizando principalmente la información del último censo de población de este país, realizado en 2010. El estudio inicia enfatizando la importancia de los migrantes tipificados como latinos o hispanos en cada estado de la unión norteamericana, clasificando los estados según la presencia numérica de migrantes así como el crecimiento en número que ellos han tenido durante el último período intercensal. Se seleccionan indicadores socioeconómicos para comparar los entornos que rodean a los emigrantes de cada país centroamericano antes y después de efectuar el movimiento migratorio; es decir, las condiciones que les rodeaban primero en su respectivo país de origen y luego en los estados de EUA donde los emigrantes de cada uno de esos países son mayoritarios entre la emigración centroamericana, para derivar de esa información el cambio experimentado por ellos al trasladarse de uno a otro ambiente, o si regresan a su lugar de origen. Esta comparación se efectúa advirtiendo al lector las restricciones en disponibilidad de información, así como las diferencias conceptuales que pueden esconderse tras los indicadores y asimismo sobre las diferencias de calidad al obtener los indicadores en los diferentes países. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/pdac.v8i0.919 Revista Población y Desarrollo: Argonautas y Caminantes, Vol. 8, 2012 pp.51-75
Mortalidad Hospitalaria en Hospital San Felipe, Año 2010
Authors: Romero-Andrade María Guadalupe
Published: January 2013

La investigación se centra en el análisis de las causas de muerte hospitalaria en el año 2010 en el Hospital San Felipe, hospital de referencia nacional del sistema de salud de Honduras con cita en la ciudad de Tegucigalpa con el objetivo de mejorar la planificación de la atención sanitaria. Los datos señalan al cáncer como la principal causa de muerte hospitalaria, de tal forma que al sumarizar todas las causas, representa el 63.5%, es decir, más de la mitad de la causas analizadas. Por procedencia el departamento de Francisco Morazán, representan más de la mitad de la casuística revisada (60.19%). La distribución de mortalidad hospitalaria por sexo, en el caso de las mujeres es de 55.33% y en el caso de los hombres corresponde a 44.67%. El rango de edad en el que ocurren estas muertes es de 0.5 días a 91 años y la media de edad del grupo es de 61.9 años. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/pdac.v8i0.920 Revista Población y Desarrollo: Argonautas y Caminantes, Vol. 8, 2012 pp.77-80
Estimaciones de la Población e Índice de Primacía de las Ciudades Principales de Honduras, 2001-2015
Authors: Zelaya Jorge Alberto Plata
Published: January 2013

Las estimaciones de la población e índice de primacía de las ciudades principales de Honduras, periodo 2001 a 2015, presentadas en este trabajo de investigación, constituye un primer esfuerzo en esta temática en respuesta a los grandes vacíos en la información referida a la población futura de las ciudades principales y que, a la vez, sirva de base para estimar el índice de primacía de las ciudades del país a lo largo del periodo indicado. Esta investigación, se apoya en los datos oficiales y ajustados de los censos de 1988 y 2001, y su consistencia está relacionada con las proyecciones de población de Honduras (departamentales y municipales) 2001 a 2015, elaboradas por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE de Honduras). En la investigación, además de presentar la metodología utilizada, cumple con otros objetivos como analizar el índice de primacía del país para estudiar variaciones en la importancia de la ciudad más populosa en relación con las ciudades que le siguen en cantidad de habitantes, a fin de verificar el supuesto de investigación que “a mayor urbanización en un país menor nivel de primacía de la ciudad principal”, y además, presentar los resultados y conclusiones obtenidas. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/pdac.v8i0.922 Revista Población y Desarrollo: Argonautas y Caminantes, Vol. 8, 2012 pp.95-103
Morphologic and Molecular Characterization of a Demodex (Acari: Demodicidae) Species from White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
Authors: Yabsley Michael J. , Clay Sarah E. , Gibbs Samantha E. J. , Cunningham Mark W. , Austel Michaela G.
Published: January 2013

Demodex mites, although usually nonpathogenic, can cause a wide range of dermatological lesions ranging from mild skin irritation and alopecia to severe furunculosis. Recently, a case of demodicosis from a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) revealed a Demodex species morphologically distinct from Demodex odocoilei. All life cycle stages were considerably larger than D. odocoilei and although similar in size to D. kutzeri and D. acutipes from European cervids, numerous morphometrics distinguished the four species. Adult males and females were 209.1±13.1 and 225.5±13.4 μm in length, respectively. Ova, larva, and nymphs measured 65.1±4.1, 124.9±11.6, and 205.1±19.4 μm in length, respectively. For phylogenetic analyses, a portion of the 18S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced from samples of the WTD Demodex sp., two Demodex samples from domestic dogs, and Demodex ursi from a black bear. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the WTD Demodex was most similar to D. musculi from laboratory mice. A partial sequence from D. ursi was identical to the WTD Demodex sequence; however, these two species can be differentiated morphologically. This paper describes a second Demodex species from white-tailed deer and indicates that 18S rRNA is useful for phylogenetic analysis of most Demodex species, but two morphologically distinct species had identical partial sequences. Additional gene targets should be investigated for phylogenetic and parasite-host association studies.
Evaluation of Rubella Immunity in a Community Prenatal Clinic
Authors: Nwanegbo Edward C. , Swanson Thor , Vanderpuye Oluseyi , Rios-Bedoya Carlos F.
Published: January 2013

Since the introduction of the Rubella vaccine in 1969, prevalence of congenital Rubella syndrome (CRS) has greatly declined in the United States. However, reports of sporadic adult cases of the disease and frequent identification of non-Rubella immune (NRI) women in prenatal units may result in outbreak of CRS in susceptible communities. Identifying populations with high rates of NRI will assist in evidence-based public health intervention that may prevent epidemic of CRS in the United States. Method. This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study involving chart audit of Rubella screening results of 642 women who attended a high-risk prenatal care at a northwestern Iowa clinic between January 1 and December 31, 2007. Results. NRI was found in 6.9% of the study population. The highest prevalence rate of 10.2% was found among adolescents. NRI was highest among Native American women at 17.3%, compared to Whites 7.3%, African Americans 5.9%, and Hispanics 4.6%. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that Native Americans were 2.5 times more likely to be NRI compared to Whites (OR 2.7; 95% CI: 1.1, 6.6). Conclusion. This study demonstrated higher rate of non-Rubella immunity among adolescent pregnant women and supports Rubella booster immunization for all non-pregnant teenage women. The observed high rate of NRI among Native Americans may require further studies and evaluation of Rubella vaccination programs in tribal communities.
Wall Climbing Robot Using Electrostatic Adhesion Force Generated by Flexible Interdigital Electrodes
Authors: Liu Rong , Chen Rui , Shen Hua , Zhang Rong
Published: January 2013

Electrostatic adhesion technology has broad application prospects on wall climbing robots because of its unique characteristics compared with other types of adhesion technologies. A double tracked wall climbing robot based on electrostatic adhesion technology is presented including electrode panel design, mechanical structure design, power supply system design and control system design. A theoretical adhesion model was established and the electrostatic potential and field were expressed by series expansions in terms of solutions of the Laplace function. Based on this model, the electrostatic adhesion force was calculated using the Maxwell stress tensor formulation. Several important factors which may influence the electrostatic adhesion force were analysed and discussed by both FEM simulation and theoretical calculation. In addition, experiments on the adhesion performance of the electrode panel and the climbing performance of the robot on various wall materials were carried out. Both the simulation and experiment results verify the feasibility of electrostatic adhesion technology being applied on wall climbing robots. The theoretical model and calculation method for the electrostatic adhesion force proposed in this paper are also justified.
Emotion Walking for Humanoid Avatars Using Brain Signals
Authors: Basori Ahmad Hoirul
Published: January 2013

Interaction between humans and humanoid avatar representations is very important in virtual reality and robotics, since the humanoid avatar can represent either a human or a robot in a virtual environment. Many researchers have focused on providing natural interactions for humanoid avatars or even for robots with the use of camera tracking, gloves, giving them the ability to speak, brain interfaces and other devices. This paper provides a new multimodal interaction control for avatars by combining brain signals, facial muscle tension recognition and glove tracking to change the facial expression of humanoid avatars according to the user's emotional condition. The signals from brain activity and muscle movements are used as the emotional stimulator, while the glove acts as emotion intensity control for the avatar. This multimodal interface can determine when the humanoid avatar needs to change their facial expression or their walking power. The results show that humanoid avatar have different timelines of walking and facial expressions when the user stimulates them with different emotions. This finding is believed to provide new knowledge on controlling robots' and humanoid avatars' facial expressions and walking.
Předškolní vzdělávání v České republice pohledem pedagogického výzkumu
Authors: Syslová Z. , Najvarová V.
Published: January 2013

Studie přináší přehled témat a empirických poznatků z výzkumů provedených v oblasti předškolního vzdělávání v České republice v letech 2000–2010. Autorky provedly analýzu výzkumů, které byly ve sledovaném období publikovány v odborných časopisech a relevantních sbornících. Hlavními cíli předkládané studie bylo analyzovat témata, kterými se výzkum v oblasti předškolního vzdělávání zabýval, a shrnout hlavní poznatky, které přinesl. Přehledová studie ukazuje, že realizované studie se obsahově zaměřují na děti navštěvující mateřskou školu a jejich rodiče. Velké množství výzkumů se také zabývá pregraduálním vzděláváním učitelů mateřských škol v terciární úrovni a potřebami učitelek z hlediska dalšího vzdělávání. Ukazuje se však, že výzkum nepokrývá žádnou oblast systematicky. Výzkumné studie spíše představují izolované pokusy o řešení parciálních výzkumných otázek. Některé realizované výzkumy byly navíc nedostatečně metodologicky propracovány a/nebo popsány. Ve sledovaném období zcela chyběly rozsáhlejší koordinované výzkumné projekty, které by umožnily budování hlubšího porozumění procesům spojeným s preprimárním vzděláváním.
Prendre les rênes de la PME familiale et se faire accepter
Authors: Koffi Vivi , Lorrain Jean
Published: January 2013

Cette étude de cas comparative présente comment les prédécesseurs hommes et femmes amènent leurs successeurs à se faire accepter par les membres de leur entreprise. Pour amener ceux-ci à l’acceptation, les prédécesseures adoptent des comportements différents de ceux des prédécesseurs. Faisant confiance aux successeurs, elles les protègent, les habilitent, adoptent un style de leadership « maternaliste » et mettent l’accent sur le travail collaboratif. Pour leur part, les prédécesseurs inspirent les successeurs, les habilitent, les amènent à faire leurs preuves et mettent l’accent sur des rencontres dyadiques. De plus, le successeur, pour être accepté, doit se faire intégrer en douceur, faire montre des valeurs et comportements compatibles avec ceux de l’entreprise, manifester intérêt, initiative, engagement, investissement de temps et d’énergie et gagner confiance et respect. Le processus d’acceptation vécu par les successeurs pour se faire accepter par le personnel de l’entreprise diffère donc selon qu’on est homme ou femme prédécesseur. Cette recherche montre l’importance de tenir compte du sexe du prédécesseur dans les études sur la succession dans les PME familiales.
Lexical development and learners’ practices in a content-based learning course
Authors: Barfield Andy
Published: January 2013

Developing a better understanding of the beliefs and practices that students hold concerning their English vocabulary development should assist lexical instruction and learning. To explore different connections between lexical development and learner autonomy, changes and developments over time in the vocabulary practices and goals of several students engaged in content-based learning projects through English were tracked. After reconstructing their vocabulary histories, participants kept dedicated vocabulary notes and reflections. This study examines the developments that one individual goes through over time in his vocabulary practices andgoals, in order to better understand processes of lexical restructuring and network building. From this analysis, connections to a Vygotskian view of conceptual development are drawn, particularly with regard to what such a model may indicate about learners’ situated lexical development.
Identifying dimensions of vocabulary knowledge in the Word Associates Test
Authors: Batty Aaron
Published: January 2013

Depth of vocabulary knowledge (DVK) (i.e. how much a learner knows about the words he knows) is typically conceptualized as a psychologically multidimensional construct, including various forms of word knowledge. Read’s Word Associates Test (WAT) is the most common test of DVK in the literature, assessing knowledge of words’ synonyms and collocates. Despite the fact that the WAT aims to measure two dimensions of vocabulary knowledge, no studies until now have investigated whether these dimensions are psychometrically distinct. The present study seeks to fill that gap. A known-reliable-and-valid WAT developed by David Qian was administered to 530 Japanese university English majors. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to investigate the psychometric dimensionality of the WAT. It was discovered that a bifactor model, wherein the primary explanatory factor is a vocabulary g-factor, with additional, uncorrelated factors for synonym and collocate items, demonstrated the best fit. This finding implies that although these dimensions of DVK may be somewhat distinct, they are largely subsumed by general vocabulary knowledge.
The frequency model of vocabulary learning and Japanese learners
Authors: Brown Dale
Published: January 2013

The frequency model of vocabulary learning, the idea that words are learnt broadly in order of their frequency, is routinely applied in language teaching, testing and research. There has, however, been little research actually confirming it. This paper reports on a small-scale study which investigated the extent to which the vocabulary knowledge of a group of Japanese university students follows the model. Forty-nine lowintermediate proficiency participants took a 100-item Yes/No test containing 20 words from five frequency bands. It was found that, as expected, for the group as a whole, knowledge of the words was related to frequency, with the proportion of words known falling as frequency declined. Following Milton’s study, however, an analysis of the results of individual participants revealed that around 20% showed different patterns of knowledge and did not follow the frequency model. One question, however, is whether the frequency information on which the Yes/No test is based is the best approximation of these learners’ experience of English. A re-examination of the data in terms of JACET 8000 levels found that once more the group as a whole followed the frequency model, and in addition that more of the individualparticipants conformed to the model. The study thus demonstrates the importance of using frequency data that is relevant to the learners inquestion and provides confirmation that frequency is a key determiner in the learning of vocabulary. It seems that teachers can reasonably make use of frequency information to support their students’ learning.
Relationships between text length and lexical diversity measures: Can we use short texts of less than 100 tokens?
Authors: Koizumi Rie
Published: January 2013

Lexical diversity (LD) measures have been known to be sensitive to the length of the text, and numerous revised LD measures have been proposed. This study aims to identify LD measures that are least affected by text length and can be used for the analysis of short L2 texts (50-200 tokens). This study compares the type-token ratio, Guiraud index, D, and measure of textual lexical diversity (MTLD) to assess their degree of susceptibility to text length. Spoken texts of 200 tokens from 20 L2 English learners at the lower-intermediate-level were divided into segments of 50 to 200 tokens and the text length impact was examined. It was found that MTLD was least affected by text length, and that it should be used with texts of at least 100 tokens.
A study of learners’ intuitions behind the use of utterance verbs in English
Authors: Sato Yoshiaki , Batty Aaron
Published: January 2013

Verbs of utterance are some of the most fundamental verbs in the English language, yet their usage patterns are exceptionally diverse. Learners of English should be able to use these words correctly and comfortably, but without an understanding of their core meanings acquisition of their various patterns of use can be daunting. The present research investigates the differences between English learners’ and native speakers’ intuitions regarding the utterance verbs ”speak,” ”talk,” ”say,” and ”tell.” The participants were 80 users of English in four proficiency groups (Low, Mid, High, and native). The participants were polled via questionnaire on their intuitions regarding various uses of the four utterance verbs. Data were analyzed and compared with descriptive statistics and t tests. Although the intuitions of learners of increasing proficiency increasingly resembled those of NS, the verbs ”speak” and ”talk” posed special problems, indicating a lack of understanding of these verbs’ core meanings. Language educators are recommended to pay particular attention to these verbs’ more idiomatic uses (e.g. ”talk politics”) to address these deficiencies.
A cognitive-creative profile of emotional talent
Authors: Bermejo Rosario , Prieto María Dolores , Fernández Mari Carmen , Soto Gloria , Sainz Marta
Published: January 2013

Much attention has been paid to emotional intelligence and its correlations with other psychological constructs during the last few years. Nevertheless, studies focusing on emotionally intelligent persons are scarce. The present work aims to study the cognitive and creative profile of students who stand out for their high emotional intelligence. A total of 1,024 Secondary Education students (M= 14 years old, SD= 1.16) took part in our research to that end. Emotional Intelligence was measured using the Emotional Quotient inventory Youth Version (EQ-i:YV, Bar-on & Parker, 2000), the Differential Aptitude Test-5 (DAT-5, Bennett, Seashore, & Wesman, 2000) was used to measure intellectual competency, whereas the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT, Torrance, 1974) served to measure creativity. Participants were divided into two groups: those with a high emotional intelligence (pc > 75) and those with a low-average emotional intelligence (pc < 75). The results reveal statistically significant differences in numerical reasoning, spatial reasoning and perceptive speed favouring the low-average emotional intelligence group. No statistically significant differences were found for creativity dimensions depending on the emotional intelligence level.
Aims or purposes of school mediation in Spain
Authors: Viana-Orta María-Isabel
Published: January 2013

Mediation continues to expand, both geographically and in terms of scope. Depending on its purpose, there are three main consolidated mediation models or schools worldwide: the Traditional-Linear Harvard model, which seeks to find an agreement between the parties; the Circular-Narrative model, which apart from the agreement also emphasizes communicational aspects; and the Transformational model, more focused on relational aspects between the parties than in the adoption of agreements. The aim of this study is to determine which is the goal or purpose of mediation, confining it to the school environment and to the Spanish context. A brief comparative study is presented to this end, in which the comparative units are all the Comunidades Autónomas [Autonomous Regions] that make up the Spanish territory (n = 17) and the variable compared is the aim or purpose of mediation in schools as established by all the regional rules on school life (n = 17) with the force of a decree.