bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A proposition for an integrated church and community intervention to adolescent and youth sexual reproductive health challenges
Authors: Magezi Vhumani
Published: November 2016

Adolescents and youth in South Africa comprise about 30% of the total population. This phenomenon is referred to as a youth bubble. Research shows that 52% of young people have had full penetrative sex by age 17, and yet 35% of teenagers who have sex say they only sometimes wear a condom, while 32% who have sex say they never wear a condom. Furthermore, studies show that more than half (52%) of parents of teenagers and youth are unaware of their children’s sexual experiences. This situation is insignificantly different between the youth who frequently attend church and those who do not go to church. Responses by churches to the situation have ranged from denialism and hence only maintaining an abstinence stance to superficial youth sexuality discussions that only scratch on the surface. Data indicate that many adolescents seldom have an opportunity to discuss issues of sexual and reproductive health with a caring, knowledgeable adult and are often confronted with unresponsive health services. In response to the situation, there is growing awareness of the important role that religious communities play in adolescents and youth sexual health. The National Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Framework Strategy (2014–2019) encourage parents and faith-based organisations to bridge this gap by empowering adolescents and youth regarding sexuality issues. The fourth priority of the strategy advocates for a strengthening and scaling up of community networks aimed at supporting adolescents. The churches, however, are caught in a dilemma where on the one hand they have to uphold (teaching) the biblical moral values of abstinence and at the same time respond to the realities of youth who are engaging in sex. With the church being a subsystem of society, a question that is posed is: how should a constructive engagement between church and society regarding youth sexual reproductive health be done? A practical theological response of the church to adolescents and youth sexual reproductive health (AYSRH) that is dialectic and juxtaposes the church and its distinctive values and at the same time practically responding to realities of the needs of adolescents and youth is proposed. In such a model, an engagement that upholds the sacredness of the church while observing the public role of the church as a community institution is advanced.
Should we blame Calvinism for the development of apartheid in South Africa? A perspective from the Reformed Churches in South Africa: A case study
Authors: Van Wyk J.H.
Published: November 2016

In his book The Irony of Apartheid (1981), I. Hexham argues that Calvinists – also those from Potchefstroom – formulated and promoted the ideology of apartheid. In this article this statement is investigated by comparing it to the view of the Dutch historian, Gerrit Schutte, who blamed Hertzog, Malan and the volksnasionaliste [nationalists] for the development of the Afrikaner ideology. The views of Calvinist individuals and organisations, especially some hailing from Potchefstroom as well as those of the Gereformeerde Kerke van Suid-Afrika (GKSA) are examined and a far more nuanced conclusion is reached. The article ends with some short remarks on the everlasting question about the relation between (national) unity and (cultural) diversity.
Causative factors and rehabilitation of patellar tendinopathy: A systematic review
Authors: Morgan Sanell , Janse van Vuuren Elizabeth C. , Coetzee Frederik F.
Published: November 2016

Background: Patellar tendinopathy (PT) is a common chronic pathology of the knee, with a high prevalence in athletes and the general population.Objectives: The objectives of this article were to systematically investigate all the evidence applicable to the intrinsic and extrinsic causative factors and rehabilitation of PT, and then integrate and link rehabilitation with the main causative factors identified.Method: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Various tools were used to evaluate the methodological quality of the eligible articles. Data were interpreted descriptively, and the causative factors and rehabilitation of PT were analysed.Results: Twenty studies were included in the review. The distinctive factor responsible for PT is the mechanical theory. Seven intrinsic and four extrinsic risk factors were identified, with the main intrinsic risk factors being muscle flexibility and strength, and extrinsic risk factors being acquisition and level of skills. PT can be treated with numerous different therapeutic modalities, although eccentric muscle training showed exceptional results. The intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors can only be transformed and reduced by rehabilitation, which is inevitable to improve PT pain and function.Conclusion: The essence of an integrated management protocol for PT is to identify the dominant contributing factors, whether intrinsic or extrinsic, and to reduce the load on the patellar tendon by modifying these factors by either rehabilitation intervention or direct modification of the equipment or environment to obtain a positive outcome towards pain management and function.
Distribution and habitats of Burnupia mooiensis in South Africa: (Walker 1912 [Gastropoda: Ancylidae])
Authors: De Kock Kenné N. , Wolmarans Cornelius T.
Published: November 2016

Burnupia mooiensis was already described in 1912 from specimens from the Mooi River, Potchefstroom while the oldest sample in the National Freshwater Snail Collection (NFSC) dates back to 1956. There are currently 14 species on record; however, to date the geographical distribution and habitat requirements of only two species were published. The geographical distribution of the 224 samples of B. mooiensis on record in the database of the NFSC and certain aspects of their sampling sites were analysed and the frequency of occurrence in different waterbodies, water conditions and substrata presented in tables. Data was statistically treated to determine habitat requirements. The largest percentage of samples came from rivers (57.59%), streams (18.30%) and the majority was collected in perennial habitats with stony substrata. Burnupia mooiensis is distributed mainly in the south-eastern areas of North-West, central areas of Gauteng and the south-western areas of Mpumalanga. In contrast to this, the distribution of B. capensis and B. stenochorias covers a much wider area, in spite of the fact that all three were already described by 1912 from sites in South Africa and that they share similar habitat requirements. The 14 species of Burnupia are spread over 556 different loci (0.0625°2) and therefore is one of the most widespread freshwater snail genera in South Africa. In view of its wide distribution, largely sessile, benthic lifestyle and the fact that they feed on epilithon, it is recommended that the feasibility to utilise them as bio-indicators of heavy metal pollution in waterbodies in different areas of South Africa be confirmed.
Computer-aided medicine and surgery
Authors: Thiriet Marc
Published: November 2016

Marc Thiriet' was educated at Medicine Faculty of Lille and University Pierre and Marie Curie ([UPMC] MD), and then at Technology University of Compiègne (3 rd cycle Doctorate in Biomechanics), and Physics College of University Denis Diderot (Accreditation to Supervise Research). He was assistant physician in the lung disease department of Pontoise hospital. He is currently a member of the INRIA-UPMC-CNRS team REO in Laboratory Jacques-Louis Lions (applied math.) of UPMC. He worked in flows in collapsible tubes applied to airways and veins, 3D unsteady developing laminar flows in bend and branchings, both experimentally and numerically, as well as in models derived from 3D reconstruction of human anatomy. He is now involved in mathematical modeling of biological processes. Marc Thiriet is the author of Biology and Mechanics of Blood Flows (2˜Vols.) and the book series “Biomathematical and Biomechanical Modeling of the Circulatory and Ventilatory Systems'' (7˜published books). He was the associate editor for the medical encyclopedia “Pan Vascular Medicine”. He also wrote the chapter 30. Biofluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Handbook of Fluid Dynamics. He is the President of the French Committee for Intensive Computation in Biology and Medicine.
Application of three-dimensional-printed navigation template in pediatric femoral neck fracture
Authors: Zheng Pengfei , Yao Qingqiang , Xu Peng , Tang Kai , Chen Jie , Li Yong , Jiang Bo , Wang Liming , Lou Yue
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

Pediatric femoral neck fracture is a serious and disabling injury that is prone to complications. This study examined the feasibility, accuracy, and efficiency of treating the fracture through a three-dimensional (3D)-printed navigation template that was used to guide placement of cannulated screws and locking compression-pediatric hip plates (LC-PHPs).

Materials and Methods:

Template-guided surgeries were carried out on nine children with femoral neck fracture from 1, 2012 to 12, 2014, and the resulting data were analyzed retrospectively. From preoperative computed tomography data, a 3D model of the proximal femur and a matching navigation template were created for guiding placement of cannulated screws or LC-PHP. Finally, the template-guided operation was performed, and the outcomes were compared to those from control patients undergoing the same surgery without navigation templates (n = 10).

Results:

The navigation templates were found to match the individual proximal femurs well. Two to three screws were accurately inserted in the femoral neck, and the end of the fracture was successfully stabilized. Implantation of the cannulated screws or LC-PHP took an average of 13.6 and 24.5 min, respectively, whereas intraoperative X-ray was used an average of 4.2 times for the former and 5.5 times for the latter. This was compared to 37.6 and 59.6 min, and 11.4 and 15.4 X-rays, for the controls. Postoperative X-ray showed a great reduction of the femoral neck fracture. Six- to twelve-month follow-ups indicated that the fracture had healed and the function of hip joint was excellent for seven of the children and good for two (Ratliff's criteria).

Conclusions:

Using 3D-printed guides, accurate and effective placement of cannulated screws and LC-PHPs is realized in the femoral neck. The method reduces operation time, intraoperative bleeding, radiation exposure, and iatrogenic damage to the vasculature, femoral neck, and epiphysis.
Sudden Cardiac Death of a Body Packer Due to Cocaine Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Pramanik Parthasarathi , Vidua Raghvendra Kumar
Published: November 2016

This article presents a case of sudden cardiac death due to the effects of cocaine concealed in the body of a male drug smuggler in his 40s, a so-called body packer. A total of 57 body packets filled with cocaine powder were discovered in his body cavities. The detailed autopsy examination, including histopathology and toxicology findings, is discussed with the aim of describing the mechanism of cocaine intoxication in the body packer and an analysis of cocaine-induced cardiotoxicity and sudden death.
Ground based characterization of spectral optical properties of haze
and Asian dust episodes under Asian continental outflow during winter 2014
Authors: Jung Jinsang , Yu JeongAh , Lyu Youngsook , Lee Minhee , Hwang Taekyung , Lee Sangil
Published: November 2016

Abstract. An intensive field campaign was conducted in a downwind area of the Asian continental outflow (Daejeon, Korea) during winter 2014 to characterize the spectral optical properties of severe haze and Asian dust episodes. High concentrations of PM10 (particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 10 µm) and light scattering coefficients at 550 nm, σs,550, were observed during a long-range transport (LRT) haze episode (PM10 = 163.9 ± 25.0 μg/m3; σs,550 = 503.4 ± 60.5 Mm−1) and Asian dust episode (PM10 = 211.3 ± 57.5 μg/m3; σs,550 = 560.9 ± 151 Mm−1). During the LRT haze episode, no significant change in the relative contribution of PM2.5 (particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 2.5 µm) chemical components was observed as particles accumulated under stagnant atmospheric conditions (January 13−17, 2014), suggesting that the increase in PM2.5 mass concentration was caused mainly by the accumulation of LRT pollutants. On the other hand, a gradual decrease in Ångström exponent (Å), gradual increase in single scattering albedo (ω) and mass scattering efficiency (MSE) were observed during the stagnant period, possibly due to an increase in particle size. During the Asian dust episode, a low PM2.5/PM10 ratio and Å(450/700) were observed with average values of 0.59 ± 0.06 and 1.08 ± 0.14, respectively, which were higher than those during the LRT haze episode (0.75 ± 0.06 and 1.39 ± 0.05, respectively), indicating that PM2.5/PM10 mass ratios and Å(450/700) can be used as tracers to distinguish aged LRT haze and Asian dust under the Asian continental outflow.
The SPARC water vapour assessment II:
Comparison of annual, semi-annual and quasi-biennial variations in
stratospheric and lower mesospheric water vapour observed from
satellites
Authors: Lossow Stefan , Khosrawi Farahnaz , Nedoluha Gerald E. , Azam Faiza , Bramstedt Klaus , Burrows John P. , Dinelli Bianca M. , Eriksson Patrick , Espy Patrick J. , GarcÍa-Comas Maya , Gille John C. , Kiefer Michael , Noël Stefan , Raspollini Piera , Rosenlof Karen H. , Rozanov Alexei , Sioris Christopher E. , Stiller Gabriele P. , Walker Kaley A. , Weigel Katja
Published: November 2016

Abstract. In the framework of the second SPARC (Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate) water assessment (WAVAS-II), the amplitudes and phases of the annual, semi-annual and quasi-biennial variation in stratospheric and lower mesospheric water were compared considering 32 data sets from 13 different satellite instruments. These comparisons aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the typical uncertainties in the observational database which can be considered in subsequent observational and modelling studies. For the amplitudes, a good agreement of their latitude and altitude distribution was found. Quantitatively there were differences in particular at high latitudes, close to the tropopause and in the lower mesosphere. Here the standard deviation over all data sets typically exceeded 0.2 ppmv for the annual variation and 0.1 ppmv for the semi-annual and quasi-biennial variation. For the phase, larger differences between the data sets were found in the lower mesosphere. Generally the smallest phase uncertainties can be observed in regions where the amplitude of the variability is large. The standard deviations over all data sets were typically smaller than a month for the annual and semi-annual variation and smaller than 5 months for the quasi-biennial variation. The amplitude and phase differences among the data sets could be explained by a combination of reasons. An important role play temporal variations of systematic errors and differences in the temporal and spatial sampling. In addition, differences in the considered time periods, the vertical resolution of the data, influences of clouds, aerosols as well as non local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) effects cause differences between the individual data sets.
Un análisis comparativo del comportamiento diferencial de los glaciares en los Andes Tropicales usando teledetección
Authors: Kozhikkodan Veettil Bijeesh , Pereira Sebastián Felipe Ruiz , Wang Shanshan , Valente Pedro Teixeira , Grondona Atilio Efrain Bica , Rondón Adriana Coromoto Becerra , Rekowsky Isabel Cristiane , De Souza Sergio Florêncio , Bianchini Nilceia , Bremer Ulisses Franz , Simões Jefferson Cardia
Published: November 2016

En este trabajo de investigación, se analizó el comportamiento de los glaciares de los Andes Tropicales en un clima cambiante; para esto se emplearon imágenes satelitales multiespectrales de diversas fuentes en conjunto con datos meteorológicos. El estudio se enfocó en glaciares representativos de cuatro zonas climáticas diferentes, a saber: trópicos interiores, trópicos exteriores húmedos del norte, trópicos exteriores húmedos del sur y trópicos exteriores secos. Se calcularon los cambios en la línea de nieve máxima anual para el período de 1985―2015, y también los cambios decenales en el área entre 1975 y 2015. Además, se analizó la tasa de retroceso de los glaciares durante la ocurrencia de El Niño―Oscilación del Sur y la Oscilación Decenal del Pacífico. Se observó que los glaciares tanto de los trópicos interiores como de los trópicos exteriores se sometieron a retroceso durante todo el período de estudio, con énfasis entre 1975 y 1997, lapso coincidente con el período de calentamiento del Pacífico. Se observaron variaciones excepcionales en la altitud de la línea de nieve cuando se produce un evento de El Niño durante la fase cálida de la Oscilación Decenal del Pacífico. Se observó que no hay señales significativas del hiato reciente en el calentamiento global, excepto en los trópicos exteriores secos, localizados cerca de la región subtropical.
Eventos Hidrológicos Extremos na Cidade de Salvador-BA: Análise Espacial de Ocorrências de Alagamentos
Authors: Freitas Brandão Tayná Freitas Brandão , Leal Santos Rosângela , Carelli Liamara
Published: November 2016

A ação do homem no espaço faz com que as condições do sistema natural sejam alteradas, o que promove novos processos através de um sistema de retroalimentação, já que a natureza não é passiva às intervenções humanas. O espaço urbano representa uma das maiores expressões das transformações provocadas pela sociedade na paisagem natural e essa natureza humanizada, vinculada à impermeabilização do solo em associação à ocupação desordenada e à retirada da cobertura vegetal, entre outros fatores, tende a modificar os processos naturais, afetando de forma direta os habitantes. Os alagamentos e inundações são sérios problemas nas cidades brasileiras, já que o solo impermeável diminui ou impossibilita a infiltração das águas pluviais causando o aumento do escoamento superficial que, somado à drenagem ineficiente provocam transtornos em diversos setores da vida urbana. Considerando a importância social deste tema e através da modelagem de dados este trabalho tem como objetivo a análise das áreas afetadas por eventos hidrológicos extremos na cidade de Salvador a partir da espacialização dos dados de precipitação de oito estações pluviométricas, dados de distribuição pontual das ocorrências mensais de alagamentos e a delimitação de áreas de risco e áreas de concentração de ocorrências de alagamentos através da análise de densidade de pontos de Kernel. A integração dessas informações permitirá subsidiar a tomada de decisão em relação aos pontos críticos de drenagem da cidade, auxiliando a atuação dos órgãos públicos e possibilitando a substituição do atual modelo de reparação e recuperação de danos para um modelo de prevenção.
Mapeamento dos incêndios residências na área urbana de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil utilizando o estimador de densidade Kernel
Authors: Ademir Weber André , Arthur Wollmann Cássio
Published: November 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é localizar e mapear os incêndios residenciais urbanos em Santa Maria - RS, Brasil, entre 2010 e 2013. Para a realização deste estudo foram coletados dados de incêndios dos anos de 2010, 2011, 2012 e 2013 no Quarto Comando Regional dos Bombeiros, após a coleta e localização dos dados foram estimados densidades de incêndios na área de estudo utilizando o estimador de densidade kernel. Os resultados apontam o que os incêndios são mais frequentes nas regiões Norte e Oeste da cidade, uma vez que estas áreas o padrão é de edifícios de qualidade inferior e a infraestrutura urbana se apresenta em condições precárias.
Geomorfología aplicada a la evaluación de amenazas de origen natural en la zona sur de la comuna de Pichilemu, Región de O’Higgins, Chile
Authors: Ibarra Cofré Ignacio , Castro Correa Carmen Paz , Soto María Victoria , Rauld Rodrigo
Published: November 2016

Se analiza el área costera comprendida entre el headland de Punta de Lobos y la localidad de Cáhuil, en Chile central identi cando las amenazas de origen natural y evaluando la susceptibilidad de ocurrencia de eventos hidrometeorológicos que generen inundaciones uviales. Se analizaron los procesos morfodinámicos activos y factores condicionantes a través de cartografía geomorfológica, recolección de datos históricos, estadísticas pluviométricas, análisis hidrológicos y multitemporal de fotografías aéreas e imágenes satelitales. Los resultados obtenidos establecen que existen condiciones de amenaza (magnitud, recurrencia, alcance espacial), asociadas a procesos de remociones en masa, licuefacción y erosión de suelos, inundaciones uviales, marejadas y tsunamis. La metodología fue validada con trabajo de terreno en los años 2013 y 2015.
Investigating Grammatical Colloquial Features in EFL Learners’ Theses by Chinese English Learners
Authors: Wang Nan
Published: November 2016

Researches into colloquialisation in academic writing have become increasingly popular in recent years. However, little has been conducted to the dimension of grammar. Thus, through the corpus-based quantitative and qualitative analysis method, the present study compiled three corpora extracted from Chinese MA theses, PhD dissertations and international journals, aiming to explore the grammatical colloquial features and non-colloquial features in Chinese EFL learners’ theses. Compared with international journals, both MA theses and PhD dissertations displayed strong colloquial tendency. The similarities between MA theses and PhD dissertations outweigh their differences. Besides, doctoral dissertations are not less colloquial than MA theses. The statistical evidence suggests that the EFL learners in China lack the register consciousness of academic writing and fail to comply with the conventional pragmatic paradigm of academic discourse. With the intention to deepen EFL learners’ stylistic awareness and decrease their colloquial tendency, the study offers some suggestions, seeking for the pedagogical implications for English academic writing.
Translations of Journalistic Texts in Iranian Undergraduate Students: An Error Analysis Approach
Authors: Ilani Ali , Barati Hossein
Published: November 2016

Translating journalistic text has been one of the major courses in Iranian universities. The challenges hidden in translating journalistic texts motivated the present study to investigate the translation of such texts. Thus, this research makes an attempt to identify and categorize the probable errors and to distinguish the most frequent ones. Furthermore, it tries to find whether there is a pattern among the errors committed by students in their translations. To this end, a translation test of Persian journalistic texts was developed. Forty students studying English translation were recruited for this study. In order to analyze collected data, Keshavarz’s Model (1997) and ATA were used for error analysis. The current study found that there is not a pattern among errors committed by students. The most frequent errors were categorized as (i) grammar, (ii) terminology, and (iii) misunderstanding of original text.
Diagnostic Assessment of Writing through Dynamic Self-Assessment
Authors: Mazloomi Siamak , Khabiri Mona
Published: November 2016

Deeply rooted in the sociocultural theory of mind by Vygotsky, Dynamic assessment (DA) asserts that mediation is essential for online diagnosis in the classroom. One of the major challenges facing language teachers is the assessment of the learners’ Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) level or diagnosing the amount of mediation or scaffolding they require to achieve their potential level. Ongoing assessment of the learner’s ZPD and the tailoring of mediation to fit the learning environment seems to be a vital stage. Dynamic self-assessment (DSA) can be applied for diagnostic purposes in writing classes. In this research, it is assumed that the analysis and comparison of teacher’s assessment and DSA will not only indicate their ZPD level or the amount of mediation the learners require but also diagnose their weaknesses and strengths in writing. A quasi-experimental research on 60 sophomore English Translation students in essay writing classes in Islamshahr Azad University revealed that DSA not only significantly affects the EFL learners’ writing ability, but also it is incrementally correlated with teacher’s assessment through 8 weeks of treatment, and the analysis of DSAs reveals the leaner’s’ weaknesses and the areas which should be emphasized.
The Relationship between the Emotional Intelligence and Reading Comprehension of Iranian EFL Impulsive vs. Reflective Students
Authors: Tabrizi Amir Reza Nemat , Esmaeili Leila
Published: November 2016

The present article aimed at investigating the relationship between the emotional intelligence and reading comprehension of Iranian EFL impulsive and reflective students. To do so, 121 students based on a PET test were selected. Then, they answered a translated version of emotional intelligence and did a reading comprehension test. Later, they filled out impulsiveness questionnaire reflectiveness questionnaire. The results of these questionnaires and the reading test were compared. The first finding of the research revealed that there was a significant relationship between Iranian EFL learners’ emotional intelligence and their reading comprehension. Based on the next result, it was concluded that there was significant relationship between impulsive Iranian EFL learners’ emotional intelligence and their reading comprehension. On the other hand, there wasn’t such relationship between reflective Iranian EFL learners’ emotional intelligence and their reading comprehension. The last finding indicated that the Iranian impulsive EFL female students who possessed more degrees of emotional intelligence outperformed reflective students on reading comprehension. The findings of the research could be employed by EFL teachers, educational researchers, and English learners in an attempt to develop a more learner-centered method of second language reading comprehension.
The Effect of Collaborative Literacy Intervention Project (CLIP) Training as a Professional Development Tool on Enhancing High School Teacher’s Efficiency in Teaching English
Authors: Sharif Nahal Ghasemi , Karbalaei Alireza , Saeedi Ali Asghar Rostami Abu
Published: November 2016

Over the past several years, research on school improvement and professional development has identified a consistent message in regard to the most effective ways to improve student achievement. Collaborative Literacy Intervention Program (CLIP) can be regarded as a more effective way to reach students who were having difficulty in reading. By examining average classroom test scores, this study provides some quantitative evidence regarding the use of CLIP as a professional development tool. The quantitative analysis includes data from two classroom teachers in Tehran, Iran. First, teachers self-selected to be involved in the CLIP training and each teacher had an equal opportunity to participate. Then, four classes were selected as the participants. In general, 65 students in all four classes taught by the two teachers selected for the purpose of this study. Based on PET proficiency test, those placed between one standard deviation above and below the mean were selected. Finally, 38 students were selected as the main participants, 20 for the experimental group taught based on CLIP and 18 for the control group. The TOEFL proficiency test was used as the pretest and posttest for all selected participants. Then, average classroom test scores of students in the class taught based on CLIP training were compared with the class taught without using CLIP training. The results of data analysis indicate that there was a statistically significant difference between the students’ performance in experimental and control group in the results of pretest and posttest. In other words, CLIP training played a significant role in developing the students’ performance in reading, grammar and vocabulary. In conclusion, this study showed that training teachers through CLIP is a suitable pedagogical approach to promote language skills.
Gradual Antonyms in the English and Azerbaijani Languages
Authors: Khalilova Sevda
Published: November 2016

The article has been written on the basis of comparative-typological method in the study of the English and Azerbaijani languages belonging to different language systems. The main aim of the investigation is to discover different shades of gradual meaning of adjectives in the both languages.

The article studies peculiarities of gradual antonyms. It is revealed that distinguishing feature of the given class of words is graduality of their opposition where the utter members of opposition have maximal degree of feature. The placement of other words, for which middle degree of feature is typical between these members, is allowed.
A Process Genre Approach to Teaching Report Writing to Arab EFL Computer Science Students
Authors: Assaggaf Hussein Taha
Published: November 2016

In the teaching and learning of EFL writing, the Process Genre Approach (PGA), an integration of the process approach and the genre approach, has recently received much attention worldwide. This approach, however, has not been given enough focus in the Arab EFL context. The purpose of this paper is twofold: to report an implementation of a process genre approach in teaching a report writing course; and to explore views of the Arab EFL students attending that course. The study employs two instruments for data collection: observation, for describing the implementation of the PGA; and a questionnaire specifically designed for eliciting students’ views. Participants are 17 students who attended a report writing course in a computer science department at a university in Yemen. A description of the implementation of the approach is presented in five main areas: preparation of form; preparation of genre; planning, drafting and revising; feedback; and teacher roles and scaffolding. The findings revealed positive views of computer science EFL students on using the process genre approach in teaching report writing. The study concluded with relevant implications and recommendations for Arab EFL writing teaching and research.
As construções com o verbo começar no Português do Brasil e a noção de inceptividade aspectual
Authors: Rafael Giovanna Cristina Rodrigues Alves , Coelho Sueli Maria
Published: November 2016

Neste estudo, pretendemos identificar as diferentes construções em que o verbo começar aparece no português brasileiro (PB), no intuito de verificar como o aspecto inceptivo se manifesta em cada uma dessas construções, uma vez que o referido verbo é o mais frequente na atualização da categoria aspectual em análise. (TRAVAGLIA, 1986; BARROSO, 1994). Baseando-nos nos postulados da Gramática de Construções, mais especificamente no Princípio da Não-Sinonímia de Goldberg (1995), lançamos a hipótese de que a inceptividade aspectual não se manifesta da mesma maneira nos tipos diferentes de construções com começar. Os dados utilizados nas análises foram extraídos, majoritariamente, de textos orais e escritos no PB, compreendidos entre os séculos XIX e XXI. Os resultados evidenciaram, à primeira vista, seis tipos de construções, dentre elas as construções perifrásticas e as intransitivas de perspectiva ergativa. Com relação à marcação do aspecto inceptivo, deparamo-nos com algumas limitações de análise, mas verificamos algumas possíveis contradições ao Princípio da Não-Sinonímia de Goldberg (1995).
Estudos gramaticais à luz da linguística ecossitêmica
Authors: Couto Hildo Honório do
Published: November 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar argumentos em prol de uma representação reticular-rizomática do que a tradição tem chamado de estrutura linguística, tendo por base teórica a versão da ecolinguística chamada de linguística ecossistêmica.  Para tanto, ele apresenta um panorama das concepções de língua ao longo da história, salientando que as primeiras concepções laicas estavam em consonância com a ciência moderna, mas que as primeiras reflexões sobre questões linguísticas eram normativas, pressupunham um sistema estático. As primeiras tentativas de se representar graficamente se deram no âmbito semântico e fonético-fonológico. Na sintaxe, uma das primeiras formas de representação deve ter sido a do estruturalista Lucien Tesnière e a dos constituintes imediatos do estruturalismo norte-americano. A concepção de língua como esqueleto dos primeiros "filólogos" continuou e foi aperfeiçoada no estruturalismo e na gramática gerativa, que ficam no nível da ciência da mecânica de Newton e da filosofia de Descartes. Foi com a gramática estratificacional, agora linguística neurocognitiva, que as representações começaram a dar conta da língua como fenômeno dinâmico, não unilinear e unidirecional. Após as visões de língua como organismo e como vírus, respectivamente, surgiu a visão ecossistêmica de língua, segundo a qual ela é basicamente interação e suas representações devem ser do tipo redes ou rizomas multidirecionais e multilaterais. Enfim, esta última representação contém as demais em seu interior, é mais ampla do que elas.

Palavras-chave: Estrutura. Redes. Rizoma. Ecolinguística. Linguística ecossistêmica. 
A prática de revisão de textos entre inadequação e inovação: uma discussão sobre variação, mudança e política linguística
Authors: Fedatto Carolina P. , Coelho Beatriz Garcia Pinto
Published: November 2016

O artigo procura problematizar as noções de uso, variação e mudança linguística na prática de revisão de textos por meio da discussão de vocábulos polêmicos entre gramáticos tradicionais e linguistas. Empregos como o do demonstrativo mesmo substantivado como anafórico e onde com sentido não espacial são condenados por concepções mais puristas da língua, pois não estariam de acordo com um sentido original defendido por alguns gramáticos. No entanto, estudos linguísticos baseados na descrição do uso desses vocábulos em textos da norma padrão demonstram que essas novas acepções estão em plena produtividade na língua, sendo entendidas como gramaticalizadas no português padrão. Entre essas duas posições, os profissionais do texto são chamados, em sua prática, a decidir sobre a correção ou não de formas consideradas, por um lado, como inadequadas e por outro, como inovadoras. Nosso objetivo é contribuir para uma decisão refletida por parte desses profissionais, colocando em pauta o papel da revisão de textos nas discussões sobre políticas linguísticas.
Assembly of Nanoparticles into “Colloidal Molecules”: Toward Complex and yet Defined Colloids with Exciting Perspectives
Authors: Simone Plüisch Claudia , Wittemann Alexander
Published: November 2016

In line with atoms being the elementary units of molecules and crystals, colloidal particles can be used as building blocks for organized materials. A major benefit in doing so is that joining colloids in a defined manner comes along with structuring. In view of opening avenues to more complex structural motifs, significant efforts must be geared to colloids with specific shapes and symmetries. A straightforward strategy is joining equal‐sized spherical particles into stable clusters. Such clusters are called “colloidal molecules” because they may exhibit configurations resembling pretty much those of molecules. Their preparation can be based on the agglomeration of particles dispersed in an emulsion. The particles adsorb on the emulsion droplets and coagulate in a defined way during the evaporation of the droplet phase. Using this method originally applied to microscale particles, one can produce clusters with submicron‐sized global dimensions. Variable parameters such as radii and concentration of cluster constituents provide the framework needed to obtain “colloidal molecules” that differ in size, shape, and physical properties. This opens up exciting perspectives for tailor‐made colloids as building units for hierarchically organized materials. Moreover, new physical properties such as plasmonic “hotspots” may emerge from packing particles into assemblies of specific configurations.
Mechanism of Aggregation Colloid Centers on Surface Ionic Crystals
Authors: Sharopov Utkirjon , Atabaev Bakhtiyar , Djabbarganov Ruzmat , Qurbanov Muzaffar
Published: November 2016

In this chapter, we analyze the kinetics of changes in the intensities of peaks of these aggregate defects as a function of the substrate temperature, as well as study the degradation of these aggregate F centers in order to understand the mechanisms of their formation and transformation to other types of defects, to colloids. The results obtained using methods of total current (TC) spectroscopy and secondary-ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) under ion bombardment of LiF crystals are analyzed. The temperature dependence of the generation kinetics of F centers and their aggregates in a LiF/Si(1 1 1) thin-film system after irradiation with low-energy (80 eV) electrons was studied by TC spectroscopy. It was shown that, in all cases, low-temperature annealing results in the degradation of the formed centers followed by their coalescence. By SIMS, it is shown that the majority of the products of crystal sputtering contain point defects. A procedure for determining defects in sputtered clusters of ionic crystals is developed.
Educação, Inclusão e Direitos Humanos: Como esse Estuário desaguou na Escola
Authors: Leme Erika Souza , Costa Valdelúcia Alves da
Published: November 2016

Resumo: Partimos do pressuposto que a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos (UNESCO, 1948) teve o mérito de ampliar as conquistas sociais, que têm contribuído para o exercício da democracia social e a liberdade do indivíduo, mesmo considerando-se as condições objetivas materiais. Considerando a conquista do direito de acesso de todos à educação, consolidado nos Estados democráticos, cumpre-nos refletir sobre suas implicações e impactos sociais. Nosso estudo envolve a inclusão em educação, em sua perspectiva alargada, com base na participação dos diversos grupos sociais. Sendo assim, o direito propalado representa exigências e desafios à sociedade, uma vez que as leis não democratizam a escola e, sim, suas experiências pedagógicas inclusivas. Essa questão de investigação deriva de nossa experiência como pesquisadora, que nos possibilitou a inserção ao longo de um ano em um colégio público de ensino médio na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, período no qual tivemos acesso aos documentos do colégio, bem como aos professores. Sustentados pelo referencial da teoria crítica no pensamento de Adorno, e pelo referencial conceitual-analítico que implica na articulação entre as dimensões de construção de culturas, desenvolvimento de políticas e orquestração de práticas (BOOTH; AINSCOW), tecemos nossa discussão com base nas percepções dos professores em relação ao direito de todos à educação, buscando refletir sobre as questões que se constituem como exigências e desafios para se estabelecer efetivamente experiências inclusivas no cotidiano das escolas.
O Perfil dos Profissionais da Unidade de Apoio à Família dos Núcleos de Atividades de Altas Habilidades/Superdotação
Authors: Leonessa Viviane Tramontina , Marquezine Maria Cristina
Published: November 2016

A pesquisa objetivou traçar o perfil do profissional que atua na Unidade de Apoio à Família dos NAAH/S, identificando a formação inicial e continuada para o atendimento da família e dos alunos com AH/SD, assim como as dificuldades ou necessidades vivenciadas no trabalho. Como o tema proposto é pouco frequente na literatura, a pesquisa configurou-se como Survey. Foram participantes onze NAAH/S, representados pelos coordenadores da unidade pesquisada. O instrumento de coleta dos dados foi um questionário eletrônico enviado a todos os núcleos por email. O questionário foi elaborado com o auxílio de duas fontes: o Documento Orientador e os dados de entrevistas realizadas com pesquisadoras na área. Os dados receberam tratamento quali-quantitativo, ou seja, as questões objetivas receberam tratamento estatístico e as informações subjetivas foram agrupadas em temas de análise criados a partir dos conteúdos das respostas apresentadas nas questões, denominadas análise de conteúdo. Os principais resultados demonstraram que os profissionais que atuavam nas unidades eram, em sua maioria, pedagogos e psicólogos, mas existiam também outras formações, que iam do ensino médio/técnico a outros cursos superiores. Apesar de a grande maioria possuir cursos de formação continuada, poucos informaram ter formação específica para o atendimento à família de pessoas com AH/SD. Dentre as dificuldades vivenciadas, destaca-se a falta de formação para o atendimento à família, ausência de recursos materiais e financeiros e de parcerias com universidades.
PRECONCEITO E BULLYING NA CONSTITUIÇÃO DE UMA PROFESSORA DE LIBRAS: EXPERIÊNCIAS DE UMA SURDA.
Authors: Santos Saionara Figueiredo , Molon Susana Inês
Published: November 2016

Este artigo aborda a questão do preconceito e do bullying na constituição de uma professora surda de Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras) do Rio Grande do Sul. Faz parte de uma pesquisa qualitativa fundamentada na abordagem sócio-histórica, cuja coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com uma professora surda, bem como pelo uso de recursos imagéticos, o que possibilitou o surgimento de narrativas de vida do sujeito pesquisado. Para análise de dados, foi empregada a técnica da análise de conteúdo, sendo que a categoria principal refere-se ao preconceito. A professora surda afirmou que sua trajetória de vida foi marcada pelo preconceito e por episódios de bullying. As narrativas demonstraram a necessidade de aprofundamento na discussão dessas duas temáticas, enfatizando três unidades de análise que lhes correspondem: a) o preconceito e o bullying dentro da escola; b) preconceito ouvinte-surdo; e c) preconceito surdo-surdo. Os resultados evidenciaram que o preconceito na escola e na relação ouvinte-surdo vem sendo discutido na sociedade, porém o preconceito surdo-surdo precisa ser enfrentado e debatido, assim como o audismo e a surdofobia. A própria constituição da professora surda ajuda a compreender melhor o histórico de sofrimento e superação envolto na Educação de Surdos, e também como isso afeta o processo de constituição do sujeito inserido em uma sociedade de ouvintes.
Pressentindo a Educação Especial e a filosofia da Inclusão no trabalho de Itard com o menino selvagem de Aveyron
Authors: Vaz Paula Marisa Fortunato
Published: November 2016

No presente artigo, partindo dos trabalhos de Itard com o menino selvagem de Aveyron define-se, primeiramente, Educação Especial, salientando a necessidade de neste campo a atuação ser feita por diferentes intervenientes que constituem uma equipa multidisciplinar.Procura-se de seguida dar a conhecer aquela que é a filosofia que, na atualidade,estána base do atendimento educativo das crianças e jovens com Necessidades Educativas Especiais (NEE), a filosofia da Inclusão. Apesar de o conceito de inclusão ser alvo de alguma controvérsia, de ser visto de forma abrangente e de não ser objeto de unanimidade no que diz respeito à sua definição e às suas práticas, a leitura atenta e seletiva da bibliografia remete para um conjunto de definições bem estruturadas que clarificam o nosso pensamento. A “confusão” parece surgir mais ao nível do entendimento daquilo que se toma como sendo inclusão total e da forma como, em termos práticos, e em função do tipo de alunos com NEE, esta decorre ou se processa.
De Victor à Educação Especial: ainda o corpo selvagem?
Authors: Guimarães Rafael Siqueira de
Published: November 2016

Este ensaio tem o intuito de refletir sobre os Relatórios produzidos por Itard (1822, 1828) como documentos que enunciam sobre o olhar perplexo sobre a diferença, compreendendo-o como possibilidade de elencar questões sobre  o momento histórico em que foi produzido, no que tange à educação e como conectá-lo com questões da atualidade nas propostas direcionadas à Educação Especial.
(Re)leitura dos “olhares benfazejos” na Carta de Dacier: deficiência, legislação e educação
Authors: Scott Junior Valmôr
Published: November 2016

A Carta de Dacier é um documento que entrega o Relatório elaborado pelo Dr. Itard a respeito do jovem Victor, o Selvagem do Aveyron, ao Ministro do Interior. Neste encaminhamento solicita que a educação do jovem não seja abandonada e que o Governo continue a lançar olhares benfazejos sobre o rapaz. A partir desta solicitação, o presente artigo reflete sobre o modo como os fatores: deficiência, legislação e educação, determinam a produção do sujeito com deficiência e seus reflexos em relação a estas pessoas. Os relatos de “retardamento mental” de Victor confirmam a condição da deficiência. Precisamente, este estudo tem como objetivo: compreender e problematizar a constituição do sujeito com deficiência e seus reflexos em políticas governamentais para a educação destes indivíduos. O artigo seguiu os preceitos do estudo exploratório por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados apontam que, na atualidade, é possível realizar uma (re)leitura da Carta direcionada ao contexto do Brasil, com a problematização dos “olhares benfazejos” do governo. A educação da pessoa com deficiência urge da análise sobre a produção da identidade destes sujeitos no decorrer da história.
Pabaisko mūšyje dalyvavusių kariuomenių sudėtis ir skaičiai
Authors: Baranauskas Tomas
Published: November 2016

Straipsnyje siekiama įvertinti šaltiniuose pateikiamą informaciją ir istorikų samprotavimus apie 1435 m. rugsėjo 1 d. Pabaisko mūšyje dalyvavusių kariuomenių dydį ir sudėtį bei nustatyti, kokie skaičiai adekvačiausiai atspindi šio mūšio statistiką.