bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Aging Causes Osteoarthritis: An Evolutionary Physiology Perspective
Authors: Gems David
Published: September 2024

Late-life diseases result from the poorly understood process of senescence (aging), that is largely genetically determined. According to a recently proposed evolutionary physiology-based account, the multifactorial model, senescence is largely caused by evolved but non-adaptive programmatic mechanisms specified by the wild-type (i.e. normal) genome. These act together with disruptions to wild-type function (due e.g. to infectious pathogens, mechanical injury and malnutrition) in a variety of combinations to generate diverse late-life diseases. Here the utility of this model is explored by testing its capacity to provide an account of one complex, late-life disease, osteoarthritis (OA), and a framework for understanding OA etiology suggested. In this framework, the core OA disease mechanism is a futile endochondral ossification quasi-program (non-adaptive developmental program), in which hypertrophic articular chondrocytes alter joint architecture. Programmatic changes prime chondrocytes for quasi-program activation, which can be triggered by secondary causes of OA (e.g. joint mechanical injury). A suggested evolutionary cause of this priming, involving antagonistic pleiotropy, is selection to maximize early life tissue repair benefits at the expense of late-life programmatic costs.
Patho-Ecological Distribution and Genetic Diversity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense in Malbhog Banana Belts of India
Authors: Baruah Anisha , Bora Popy , Damodaran T. , Saikia Bishal , M. Muthukumar. , Patil Prakash , Bhattacharyya Ashok Kumar , Saikia Ankita , Kumar Alok , Kumari Sangeeta , Talukdar Juri , Dey Utpal , Ahmed Shenaz Sultana , Rahman Naseema , Nath Bharat Chandra , Tabing Ruthy , Kumar Sandeep
Published: September 2024

Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc), is recognized as one of the most devastating diseases affecting banana cultivation worldwide. In India, Foc extensively affects the Malbhog banana (AAB genomic group) production. In this study, we isolated 25 Foc isolates from wilt-affected Malbhog plantations of India. Pathogenicity test confirmed the identity of these isolates as Foc, the primary causative agent of wilt in banana. Morpho-cultural characterization of the Foc isolates showed large variation in colony morphological features, intensity, and pattern of pigmentation, chlamydospores, and conidial size. The molecular identification of these isolates using Race-1 and Race-4 specific primers established their identity as Race- 1 of Foc, with absence of TR- 4. For a more comprehensive understanding of genetic diversity of Foc isolates, we em-ployed ISSR molecular typing which revealed five major clusters. Ahigh96% diversity within Foc population indicated the presence of polymorphic loci in individuals of a given population evi-dent from results of Nei’s genetic diversity, Shannon information index, and polymorphism in-formation content values, apart from analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). The current findings provide significant insights towards detection of Foc variants, and consequently the deployment of effective management practices to keep the possible epidemic development of disease under control along Malbhog banana growing belts of northeast India.
G4 Biology and Scope for Potential Therapeutic Intervention against Multiple Disease Adversaries
Authors: Bhat Saleem Y
Published: September 2024

DNA - the repository of genetic information harbours sequences rich in Guanine that adopt non-B form four-stranded DNA secondary structures termed as G-quadruplexes (G4s). Such non-canonical structures tend to impede the progression of routine replisome and are implicated to have crucial roles in replication, transcription and epigenetic regulation while also ensuring genomic stability. It is now fully established that G4s are enzymatically unfolded by helicases, thus, preventing transient yet apparent impediments to the vital replisome progression. This unfolding of G-quadruplex ensures genetic and epigenetic stability. Given the importance of G4 biology for multiple human parasites such as, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, research efforts probing parasitic G4 biology is gaining momentum with the hope to enable therapeutic intervention. We herein shed light on G4s, conditions that lead to their formation and the mechanisms employed by cells to cause their unfolding. Towards the end, potential drug discovery avenues that arise from targeting parasitic helicases and G4 biology are summarized.
Molecular Mechanism of Processing Ubiquitinated Substrates by p97 and Its Main Cofactors
Authors: Mirzadeh Abolfazl , Kazemi Mohsen , Rouiller Isabelle
Published: September 2024

p97(also known as Cdc48 or VCP) is a conserved AAA+ ATPase that plays a key role in diverse cellular pathways and processes. p97 segregates damaged or misfolded substrates from cellular organelles or membranes in corporation with its cofactors. These cofactors regulate p97’s function by its directing to different cellular pathways and have diverse effect on p97´s conformation. Recently, several high-resolution structures of substrate-engaged p97 in complex with cofactors have been resolved, providing structural insights into the molecular mechanism of substrate processing. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of how p97 in complex with substrate recruiting and substrate processing cofactors recognize, extract, translocate, unfold and release ubiquitinated substrates.
Distorsification Of Hadith And Its Influence On The Study Of Modern Hadith
Authors: Salman Abdul Matin bin
Published: September 2024

This study aims to explore the phenomenon of hadith distortion in hadith literature and analyze its impact on contemporary hadith studies. The intended hadith distortion here refers to the alteration or falsification of hadith narratives that can threaten the integrity and authenticity of sacred texts as sources of Islamic teaching. This article identifies the factors contributing to hadith distortion and its serious consequences in contemporary hadith studies.
How Does the Threshold for Urban Household Registration in China Affect the Willingness of Rural to Urban Migrant Population to Settle Down?
Authors: ZHANG Qian qian , Su Li feng , An Chao fan
Published: September 2024

The scale of China's floating population is very large, and it is a key group that needs attention in promoting the equalization of basic public services. This study explores the impact and mechanism of adjusting the urban household registration threshold on the acquisition of citizenship status by the "rural-urban" floating population, with the household registration threshold as the link. It was found that the threshold for household registration has an impact on the willingness of rural urban migrant population to settle down from two aspects. On the one hand, a high threshold for household registration implies the unaffordability of obtaining citizenship status for the "rural-urban" migrant population, which has a significant crowding out effect on their willingness to settle down. Moreover, the high skilled "rural-urban" migrant population without housing is more sensitive to the high threshold for household registration. On the other hand, from the perspective of urban scale, the increase in the threshold for household registration has had a crowding out effect on the floating population for Type I large cities, mega cities, and super large cities. The increase in the threshold for settling in mega cities has the strongest crowding out effect on the floating population, which means that as the urban population expands, the welfare benefits enjoyed by the floating population in these cities will decrease, leading them to be more inclined to leave these cities and seek development opportunities in other cities. This study effectively answers how the threshold for household registration affects the willingness of rural urban migrant population to settle, providing mathematical support for urban development.
Efficient Hybrid Inference for LLMs: Reward-Based Token Modelling with Selective Cloud Assistance
Authors: MS Adarsh , VG Jithin , PS Ditto
Published: September 2024

Large language models (LLMs) are known for their exceptional performance across a range of natural language processing tasks, but their deployment comes at a high computational and financial cost. On the other hand, smaller language models (SLMs), which can be deployed on lower-cost edge devices, struggle to match the performance of their larger counterparts. This paper presents a novel hybrid inference approach that leverages the strengths of both model types while minimizing reliance on costly cloud-based LLMs. Unlike existing methods that route entire queries to either an SLM or a cloud LLM, our approach introduces a reward-based mechanism to dynamically determine the involvement of the cloud LLM during token generation. Specifically, each token predicted by the SLM is evaluated against a reward score, and only when this score falls below a certain threshold is the cloud LLM consulted for assistance in the next token prediction. This method not only reduces the traffic to the cloud LLM, thereby lowering costs, but also allows for flexible control over response quality depending on the reward score threshold. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach significantly reduces cloud LLM usage with minimal impact on overall response quality, offering a cost-effective solution for deploying high-performance language models.
Investigation of Water Hammer Effect on the Transmission Main Pipeline of
Su’ula -Manda Water Supply Schemes, Afar, Ethiopia
Authors: Suwalih Seid Mohammed , Kassa Kinfe
Published: September 2024

This research delves into the water hammer occurrences, in the transmission pipeline of the SMD (Manda Daba) Multi Village Water Supply Schemes in Afar, Ethiopia. It utilizes simulation software, Bentley HAMMER version 8i to assess transient flow issues and the effectiveness of protective measures. The study pinpoints high risk areas in Scenario 1 marked by pressure spikes, negative pressures and frequent cavitation highlighting the importance of efforts. Prior to safeguards significant pressures reaching 288.27 m H₂O and minimum pressures dropping as low as 9.98 m H₂O are observed. In Scenario 2 where protective measures are implemented notable enhancements are seen with pressures ranging from 121.38 m H₂O to 150.49 m H₂O improved safety levels and substantial reductions in minimum pressures at pump stations.
Moreover the study delves into Scenario 3 which explores pipe materials and diameters to provide insights, for pipeline design standards. It emphasizes how protective measures effectively mitigate water hammer effects while also highlighting cost saving potential by incorporating 2000 liter hydro tanks at pump stations. This integration leads to decreased pipeline collapses and maintenance expenses underscoring the significance of addressing challenges pinpointing failure causes and offering solutions to enhance system performance and strengthen reliability within the SMD water supply system
Human Rights in Saudi Arabia and The Country Vision Of 2030: An Analytical Perspective
Authors: Almakaty Safran
Published: September 2024

This essay examines the complex interplay between human rights developments in Saudi Arabia and the country's Vision 2030 initiative, which aims to modernize its social, economic, and political landscape. The research question posed is: How are human rights being addressed within the framework of Vision 2030? The goal of the essay is to provide a qualitative analysis of the reforms and policies emerging under Vision 2030, highlighting both advancements and ongoing challenges. Key discussions include historical human rights perspectives, specific strategies aimed at enhancing women’s rights and labor rights, and the implications of legal reforms. The essay draws upon a range of scholarly sources to underscore the intricate relationship between human rights improvements and socio-economic objectives in Saudi Arabia. The main conclusions suggest that while significant strides have been made, particularly in women's empowerment and labor rights, substantial obstacles—rooted in cultural norms and institutional practices—persist. Ongoing international scrutiny and a robust domestic dialogue on human rights remain critical for the success of these reforms. The essay ultimately advocates for sustained efforts to uphold human rights as a cornerstone of the Vision 2030 agenda.
A Comprehensive Review on the Current Status of Drinking Water Quality in Sindh Province of Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Sheeraz
Published: September 2024

For predicting the current status about the quality of drinking water in the Sindh province about 140 research articles in which drinking water had been analysed, were systematically reviewed. The literature disclosed that the drinking water particularly groundwater in Sindh province is not suitable for drinking purposes in more than 70-80% of the area. It was also revealed that the major contaminants that are found excessively high in the drinking water of Sindh province are EC, Cl, Mg, Ca, TDS, As, F, Zn, TH, Ni, and other heavy metals. Overall, in Sindh province the concentration of water quality parameters such as Cl, EC, TDS, TH, SO4, NO2, NO3, Mg, Ca, Zn, Pb, F, and Fe, are beyond permissible limit. pH is found within allowable limits in Sindh province and As is found beyond allowable limits in regions located nearer to river and coastal side of Arabian sea such as Badin, Thatta, and Karachi.Total and fecal coliform had also been reported in the groundwater of Sindh province and that’s why waterborne diseases are common in Sindh province. The major reason behind the degrading quality of drinking water in Sindh province is the mixing of sewage and seawater with groundwater and surface water. Therefore, it has been recommended that proper monitoring of seawater and sewage should be ensured so that safe water should be supplied to the consumer in Sindh province.
Oxygen-Ozone and Porcine Collagen Injectable Therapies Im-Prove the Quality of Life in Low Back Pain Patients. Boosting Efficacy in Pain and Disability
Authors: De Pascalis Manuela , Mulas Susanna , Sgarbi Liliana
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Intervertebral disc degeneration is the most common cause of low back pain (LBP) and lumbosciatica is a major challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. For years, ozone therapy has been used with excellent results in intervertebral disc disease and in patients with LBP. In vitro studies have demonstrated the positive action of porcine collagen in extracellular matrix remodeling and homeostasis. These tissue changes, associated with LBP, may suggest an indication for combined ozone/collagen treatment in patients with LBP. However, no studies have been reported regarding this combination of treatments. Methods: The present work compared, retrospective data of two treatment groups (each of 10 LBP patients): A) Oxygen-Ozone Therapy (OOT) vs. B) OOT plus porcine collagen type 1 injections (COL I). Pain intensity and physiological function were assessed by the numerical rating scale (NSR) method. The Roland-Morrison questionnaire was used to assess disability. Patient data were acquired before, during and at six months of follow-up. Significant differences were assessed by ANOVA and T-Student test. Results: The analyses revealed significant statistical differences comparing the two arms, where, the OOT COL I treatment demonstrated a booster efficacy in pain, while the questionnaire revealed a reduction in disability. Conclusions: Therefore, this combination therapy might be a promising approach for the management of patients with LBP.
Frailty Syndrome: A Global Perspective on Prevalence, Challenges, and Strategies for Prevention and Management
Authors: Montgomery Richard Murdoch
Published: September 2024

Frailty syndrome is a complex and multifaceted condition that significantly impacts the health and well-being of older adults. This article provides a comprehensive overview of frailty syndrome, including its definitions, evolution, and the rising role of biomarkers and electroencephalography (EEG) in its diagnosis. The discussion explores the reasons behind the rise of frailty syndrome, the difficulties in managing it, and the global research efforts aimed at understanding and addressing this condition. The economic costs associated with frailty syndrome are highlighted, along with the countries that are currently and will be more affected in the near future. Strategies to postpone or avoid frailty syndrome are discussed, with an emphasis on the importance of muscle strength exercises over aerobic exercises to combat sarcopenia. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach to frailty management and the importance of social support and engagement in preventing and managing frailty.
High Fat Diet Induces Epigenetic 1-Carbon Metabolism and HFpEF
Authors: Tyagi Suresh C.
Published: September 2024

The chronic high fat dysbiosis diet (HFD) instigates cardiac remodeling, dysfunction and chronic heart failure (CHF). The therapeutic approaches focusing oxidative stress, inflammation and hyperlipidemia have not yielded significant positive clinical outcomes. Recent studies report that although mitochondrial ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) supports cardiac function, however, decreases more in human HFpEF than HFrEF. Interestingly, the ACLY synthesizes lipids and creates hyperlipidemia. Epigenetically, ACLY acetylates histone. The mechanism(s) are unknown. One hypothesis is that the HFD induces epigenetic folate 1-carbon metabolism (FOCM), heperhomocysteinemia (HHcy, a cause of abrogation of sleep-time dipping in blood pressure and hypertension) and heart failure. Interestingly, the probiotics utilizes the fat/lipids post-biotically, and increases the mitochondrial bioenergetics and attenuates the HFD induced heart failure. We suggest a novel and paradigm-shift epigenetic mitochondrial sulfur transsulfuration pathways that selectively target HFD-induced CHF. The HFD via transport and metabolomic pathways instigates cardiac remodeling and dyfunction. Previous studies from our laboratory, using a single cell analysis, revealed increase in transporter (SLC25A) of s-adenosine-methionine (SAM) during elevated levels of homocysteine (Hcy, i.e., hyperhomocysteinemia, HHcy), a consequence of impaired epigenetic recycling of Hcy back to methionine by increase in FOCM methylation of H3K4, K9, H4K20 and gene writer (DNMT) and decrease in eraser (TET/FTO). The Hcy transported to mitochondria by SLC7A for clearance via sulfur metabolomic transsulfuration by 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase (3MST). Interestingly, the HHcy decreases ATP, OCR, H2S, PGC1α, TFAM, and increase in fission/fusion ratio, causing mitochondria dysfunction. We suggest that gut dysbiosis by HFD disrupts rhythmic epigenetic memory via FOCM and increase in DNMT1 and creates HHcy, leading to decrease mitochondrial transsulfuration and bioenergetics. The treatment with a probiotic, lactobacillus will eat the fat/lipids post-biotically and bi-directionally will produce folic acid and lactone-ketone body that will mitigate the HFD-induced mitochondrial remodeling and heart failure.
Preparation and Refinement Mechanism of a New Master Alloy Al-5Ti-1B-1RE Refiner
Authors: Wang Zhengjun , Wang Shanmin , Yang Quanquan , Liu Xinyang , Dong Chen , Liu Lianxiang
Published: September 2024

To obtain high quality grain refiner, a new Al-5Ti-1B-1RE master alloy grain refiner was synthesised by melt-matching method. Thermodynamic calculations and kinetic analyses, which were seriously missing from the study of key issues during the preparation process, were investigated. The microstructure and properties, comparison of the refining effect of different grain refiners on industrial pure aluminium and its refining mechanism were analysed with the help of X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and an electronic universal testing machine (CSS-44100). The experimental results show that the second-phase particles in the Al-5Ti-1B-1RE master alloy matrix synthesised by the melt-matching method are mainly TiB2、 A13Ti、Ti2A120RE, etc. The magnitude of the free energy ΔG of the synthesis reaction is calculated to be ΔGTiB2<ΔGAl3Ti<ΔGTi2A120RE. When the temperature is low (undercooling ΔT is large), the nucleation rate N mainly depends on the kinetic atomic diffusion activation energy Q, while the thermodynamic nucleation work becomes a secondary factor, and vice versa. The industrial pure aluminum refined by the new grain refiner has almost transformed from coarse columnar crystals to fine equiaxed crystals, with an average grain size of 70.2 μm, which was 36.18% and 20.66% smaller than that refined by domestic and imported Al-Ti-B wire master alloy grain refiner, and its mechanical properties of tensile strength σb was increased by 11.94%, 8.29%, and elongation at break δ was improved by 31.79%, 17.41%, respectively. The main mechanism for refining pure aluminum in Al-5Ti-1B-1RE master alloy is the formation of TiA13 on TiB2 particles, the release of RE atoms from Ti2A120RE phase surrounding TiAl3, and the partial transformation into TiA13 phase, which promotes the dual nucleation refinement mechanism and the pinning effect of rare earth elements on grain boundaries.
CFD Simulation and Aerodynamic Optimization of Turbomachinery Based on Modified NSGA-II
Authors: Khanhosseini Leila
Published: September 2024

A novel approach to optimizing turbomachinery performance is presented in this chapter, which integrates Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, an artificial neural network (ANN) with a modified Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). Using this enhanced algorithm, substantial performance improvements can be achieved through geometric optimization. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated in two case studies: an inducer for a centrifugal pump and a Savonius wind turbine. The inducer is designed to maximize head coefficient, hydraulic efficiency, and net positive suction head by optimizing factors such as inlet and outlet blade angles. The optimization process employs the Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) for objective function modeling, followed by Pareto front plotting and TOPSIS for identifying trade-off optimal points. Results indicate significant improvements in head coefficient, hydraulic efficiency, and NPSHR by 14.3%, 0.3%, and 30.2%, respectively. Twist angle, aspect ratio, and overlap ratio are also optimized for wind turbine blades. The power coefficient is enhanced by 5.32%, the torque coefficient by 13.74%, and the rotational speed by 0.071% through multi-objective optimization. As a result of this approach, efficiency improves, and valuable insights into the optimal design principles for turbomachinery components are also gained.
How Did the Financial Crisis Alter the Correlations of U.S. Yield Spreads?
Authors: Contessi Silvio , De Pace Pierangelo , Guidolin Massimo
Published: September 2024

We investigate the pairwise correlations of 11 U.S. fixed income yield spreads over a sample that includes the Great Financial Crisis of 2007-2009. Using cross-sectional methods and nonparametric bootstrap breakpoint tests, we characterize the crisis as a period in which pairwise correlations between yield spreads were systematically and significantly altered in the sense that spreads comoved with one another much more than in normal times. We find evidence that, for almost half of the 55 pairs under investigation, the crisis has left spreads much more correlated than they were previously. This evidence is particularly strong for liquidity- and default-risk-related spreads, long-term spreads, and the spreads that were most likely directly affected by policy interventions.
Kesesuaian Penerapan Prinsip Berjalan Kaki dan Bersepeda pada Kawasan TOD Istora Senayan Jakarta
Authors: Adzania Alya Nur , Soedwiwahjono Soedwiwahjono , Widodo Candraningratri Ekaputri
Published: September 2024

Jakarta memiliki kegiatan mobilitas yang tinggi dan sebagai upaya dalam memenuhi kebutuhan mobilitas masyarakat, pemerintah mulai menerapkan konsep TOD dalam pembangunan kawasan perkotaan. Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) adalah sebuah konsep yang mengarahkan perpaduan antara pembangunan yang padat dan ramah pejalan kaki sebagai salah satu upaya untuk mewujudkan sistem transportasi yang berkelanjutan. PT. MRT Jakarta sebagai operator utama pengelola kawasan Transit-Oriented Development membangun Stasiun Istora Mandiri dan Stasiun Senayan dengan konsep TOD. Konsep TOD menekankan pada penggunaan moda transportasi umum yang berbasis berjalan kaki dan bersepeda dalam melakukan pergerakan pada kawasan. Kegiatan berjalan kaki dan bersepeda dapat menciptakan lingkungan hidup perkotaan yang lebih sehat dan menjadi hal yang penting untuk diperhatikan dalam menerapkan konsep TOD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian penerapan prinsip TOD, yaitu berjalan kaki dan bersepeda di kawasan TOD Istora Senayan Jakarta. Jenis penelitian adalah kuantitatif yang menjabarkan variabel menjadi kriteria-kriteria terukur dengan menggunakan teknik analisis skoring dan deskriptif. Analisis skoring akan memberikan nilai 3 untuk kriteria yang sesuai, nilai 2 untuk kriteria yang kurang sesuai, dan nilai 1 untuk kriteria yang tidak sesuai. Variabel dalam penelitian meliputi jalur pedestrian, penyeberangan jalan, muka bangunan dan muka blok yang aktif, jalur sepeda, parkir sepeda, dan akses sepeda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan bahwa kawasan TOD Istora Senayan telah memiliki nilai kesesuaian sebesar 97% dari seluruh kriteria dalam prinsip berjalan kaki dan bersepeda. Nilai tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kawasan TOD Istora Senayan telah sesuai terhadap prinsip  berjalan kaki dan bersepeda. Satu-satunya kriteria yang mendapatkan hasil hampir sesuai adalah mengenai ketersediaan fasilitas penunjang jalur pedestrian. Hal ini disebabkan karena belum seluruh jalur pedestrian yang ada di Kawasan TOD Istora Senayan dilengkapi dengan bangku dan tempat sampah sebagai fasilitas penunjang jalur pedestrian.
Tingkat Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Program Urban Farming di Kampung Samtama, Jakarta Pusat
Authors: Rahmawati Isna , Ariyani Yuwanda Nila , Fitriani Aliyah
Published: September 2024

Program urban farming dapat dilihat sebagai sebuah solusi dari keterbatasan lahan di perkotaan untuk kegiatan pertanian. Kampung Samtama adalah satu dari beberapa permukiman di Jakarta yang menyelenggarakan program urban farming yang diinisiasi oleh penggiat lingkungan setempat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai partisipasi masyarakat dalam program urban farming di Kampung Samtama. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mixed method dengan strategi eksplanatoris sekuensial. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada 58 responden dan wawancara kepada penggiat lingkungan dan anggota program urban farming. Partisipasi masyarakat dalam penelitian ini diukur pada tahap perencanaan, tahap pelaksanaan, tahap pemanfaatan hasil dan tahap evaluasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat partisipasi masyarakat Kampung Samtama dalam program urban farming pada kategori tinggi (78,25). Tahap pemanfaatan hasil memiliki skor tertinggi, sedangkan tahap evaluasi menjadi variabel dengan skor terendah diantara skor ketiga tahap lainnya. Diperlukan upaya yang harus dilakukan guna meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat Kampung Samtama dalam program urban farming agar terus berkelanjutan.
The Development of Industrial Agglomeration in Industrial Designation Areas and its Impact on Land Use Change (Case Study: Pringsurat Subdistrict and Kranggan Subdistrict, Temanggung Regency)
Authors: Laila Fadhilla Nur , Rahayu Paramita , Widodo Candraningratri Ekaputri
Published: September 2024

Industrial agglomeration refers to the clustering of industries in a specific region, where they are in close proximity and have interconnections. This phenomenon not only stimulates the growth of industrial activities, but also influences the development of other economic sectors. As industrialization expands, it gradually extends into rural areas that usually have abundant undeveloped land primarily used for agriculture. Consequently, this trend prompts a transition from agricultural to industrial land use. Pringsurat subdistrict and Kranggan subdistrict are located in Temanggung Regency, Central Java Province. Both of these subdistricts are designated as Industrial Designation Areas (KPI) according to the Temanggung Regency Spatial Plan 2011-2031. The plan has implications for the rapid development of large and medium industries. The purpose of this study is to examine the growth of industrial agglomeration in Pringsurat subdistrict and Kranggan subdistrict and their impact on agricultural land conversion. This research was conducted from 2023 to 2024 and utilizing data from 2021 and 2022. The approach of this research is descriptive quantitative and utilizes spatial analysis with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the results of the analysis, there is an agglomeration of large and medium industries in Pringsurat subdistrict and Kranggan subdistrict. The growth of agglomeration encourages the establishment of new industries and industry linkages. Furthermore, agglomeration growth has led to changes in land use, an increase in the variety of land uses, and an increase in land prices. Results of the analysis also show that there are regulatory changes in the development of industrial agglomeration that will affect to local government decision in the future.
东盟中文学习者画作中的中文教师角色：基于隐喻的分析
Authors: Xiaofeng Meng , Yanjie Song
Published: September 2024

With the implementation and promotion of the "Belt and Road" initiative, economic and trade cooperation and humanistic exchanges between China and ASEAN are going deeper, and Chinese language education in ASEAN has shown a booming development. As a core participant of international Chinese language education in the region, the role of Chinese language teachers is an important conceptual source of ASEAN youth's perception of China, which has a crucial impact on Chinese language learners. Based on the creation of visual metaphors, this study uses the teacher metaphor analysis framework to summarize the ASEAN Chinese teacher role metaphor categories and explore the ASEAN Chinese teacher traits from the learners' perspective. We selected 60 graphic works created by ASEAN Chinese learners as the research material, extracted 31 Chinese teacher role metaphors, and delineated six metaphorical conceptual categories. This study aims to arouse the attention of international Chinese teacher educators, social organizations, and Chinese teachers themselves to the developmental changes of Chinese teacher roles, and to provide a reference for the professional development of international Chinese teachers.
IDENTIFICATION OF AN ARBITRARY MOVING AXISYMMETRIC LOAD ACTING ON A CYLINDRICAL SHELL
Authors: Voropay Olexiy Valeriiovych , Povaliaiev Serhii Ivanovych , Sharapata Andrii Sergiiovych
Published: September 2024

Various types of external non-stationary loads can act on various structural elements and cylindrical shells of finite length in particular distributed and concentrated, stationary and moving load. When using various external load identification methods, the type of external load is usually known. In prac- tice this is not always the case. The purpose of the study is to develop a method for identifying an arbitrary axisymmetric load acting on an elastic cy- lindrical shell of finite length, which can be used to identify a moving load. To model the non-stationary load of a cylindrical shell, a system of differ- ential equations of the refined Timoshenko theory for medium thickness shells was used. The solution to this system of differential equations is ob- tained by expanding the unknown functions into Fourier series and applying the integral Laplace transform. The solution of the inverse problem was obtained using the theory of integral equations and the Tikhonov regularization method. As a result of the study, a solution of the inverse problem of solid mechanics to identify an arbitrary axisymmetric non-stationary load was obtained. A numerical experiment was carried out to use the developed method to identify a moving non-stationary load acting on a simply supported cylindrical shell of medium thickness. The simulation results indicate a fairly accurate identification of both the change in time and the distribution along the shell of a non-stationary axisymmetric moving load. A method has been developed for identifying an external non-stationary load randomly distributed along a cylindrical shell, which makes it possible to identify a moving load without preliminary information about the type of this load. The developed method allows us to reproduce moving non-stationary loads, which are often encountered in practice, and expand it to other types of structural elements.
WORK FROM HOME , WORK FROM OFFICE, DAN KESEIMBANGAN KERJA-KELUARGA
Authors: Handayani Arri , Maulia Desi , Dhyah Yulianti Padmi , Ancella Primaningrum Maria
Published: September 2024

Working from home policy in Covid 19 pandemic era has brought its own challenges particularly in the management of time and energy which then affects work and family balance. This study aims to analyze the differences between the effect of work from home/WFH and work from office/WFO on work-family balance. This study was conducted using cross-sectional study research design.  Work-family balance was measured using work-family balance scale. Meanwhile, work place (either work from home/WFH) or work from office/WFO) was identified from respondents’ identity. The sampling technique applied in this study was purposive random sampling. The characteristics of the research subject were married with children and worked in an office either work from home or work from office setting. Data were collected online through Google form from 19th May to 31st May 2020. The data then analyzed using t-test. There were 189 respondents from 13 Provinces from all over Indonesia. The result of the research shows that both work from home and work from office have given no different effect on work-family balance
THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL ATTACHMENT AND PEER INTERACTION ON THE AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OF ADOLESCENTS IN BOGOR
Authors: Purnama Nurjanah , Pramudita Aisyah , Wiratmaja Laura Virgita , Riany Yulina Eva
Published: September 2024

The environment, including family and peer interactions, can influence the level of aggressiveness in adolescents. This quantitative study aims to analyze the influence of parental attachment and peer interaction on adolescent aggressive behavior in Bogor. The study involved 115 respondents from grade 10 at the Bina Bangsa Sejahtera Islamic High School, consisting of 68 male students (59%) and 47 female students (41%), aged between 13-18 years. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using statistical correlation and multiple regression tests with SPSS 26. The results show that secure parental attachment is associated with lower adolescent aggression, while insecure attachment positively correlates with higher aggression. Peer interaction, including relationships and bonds with friends, and variables like school conditions, significantly impact adolescent aggressive behavior. These findings indicate that parental and school roles can help prevent aggressive behavior in adolescents. Therefore, it is essential to educate parents, teachers, and adolescents on maintaining healthy parental relationships, fostering positive peer interactions, and understanding the dangers of aggressive behavior. Government involvement is also needed to support the development of such programs.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa SMK melalui Model Project Based Learning
Authors: Ilham Muhammad , Hakim Arif Rahman , Ahyar
Published: September 2024

Hasil belajar tinggi merupakan indikator yang menunjukkan bahwa siswa berhasil dalam memahami dan menguasai materi yang diajarkan. Hasil observasi di kelas X TKJ SMKS Amanah Madapangga pada matapelajaran komputer dan jaringan dasar menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa masih rendah dibuktikan dengan perolehan nilai rata-rata sebesar 57,06 sedangkan standar KKM yaitu 70. Penyebabnya adalah siswa masih kesulitan dalam memahami materi yang diajarkan oleh guru melalui model pembelajaran konvensional yang diterapkan. Model tersebut jarang melibatkan peran aktif siswa dalam proses pembelajaran sehingga kurang memberikan pengalaman belajar pada siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk meningatkan hasil belajar siswa melalui penggunaan model project based learning. Jenis penelitian yaitu penelitian tindakan kelas dengan subjek penelitian siswa kelas X TKJ yang berjumlah 17 siswa. Kondisi awal diberikan pre-test untuk mengukur pemahaman siswa sebelum menerapkan model PjBL, diperoleh data bahwa hanya 6 orang yang tuntas belajar dengan persentase ketuntasan 35%. Pada siklus I menggunakan model PjBL terjadi peningkatan sebanyak 11 siswa dinyatakan tuntas dengan persentase ketuntasan 65%. Dan pada siklus II meningkat sebanyak 15 siswa tuntas belajar dengan persentase ketuntasan 88%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model PjBL dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas X pada matapelajaran komputer dan jaringan dasar
Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Digital Menggunakan Instant Digital Competence Assessment Guru PAI SMP Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya
Authors: Zainab  , Kartini Nurul Hikmah , Pionera Mutiarani
Published: September 2024

Pentingnya penguasaan guru dalam kemampuan literasi digital di era digitalisasi sekarang menjadi suatu hal yang dibutuhkan sesuai dengan perkembangan teknologi dan informasi dalam dunia pendidikan. Kemampuan literasi digital bagi seorang guru diperlukan dalam proses administratif, penyusunan perangkat bahan ajar dan juga dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan literasi digital guru PAI menggunakan Instant Digital Competence Assessment sebagai instrumen pengukur kemampuan literasi digital. Hasil penelitian kemudian dikembangkan lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui aspek-aspek yang belum dikuasai guru PAI. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian jenis kualitatif. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah kemampuan literasi digital dan subjeknya adalah guru PAI SMP Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Selanjutnya data yang didapat direduksi, kemudian disajikan dan dianalisis untuk dilakukan penarikan kesimpulan. Keabsahan data diuji dengan pemeriksaan kredibilitas, transferabilitas, dependabilitas dan konfirmabilitas. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa guru PAI SMP Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya memiliki kemampuan literasi digital dengan kategori baik dengan rincian sebagai berikut: (1) Subjek 1 menguasai 10 sub dimensi dan tidak menguasai 3 sub dimensi, (2) Subjek 2 menguasai 11 sub dimensi dan tidak menguasai 2 sub dimensi, (3) Subjek 3 menguasai 10 sub dimensi dan tidak menguasai 3 sub dimensi, dan (4) Subjek 4 menguasai 9 sub dimensi dan tidak menguasai 4 sub dimensi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disarankan untuk subjek penelitian agar mengembangkan kemampuan literasi digital dan untuk sekolah agar ikut berkontribusi mendukung guru mengintegrasikan teknologi dalam pembelajaran agar tercipta kesetaraan kemampuan literasi digital.
Using iThenticate for ERDC publications : avoiding and addressing unintentional plagiarism
Authors: Moynihan Emily
Published: September 2024

The US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) conducts world-class research that supports national endeavors and the Army mission. To demonstrate the reliability of ERDC’s research and to preserve ERDC’s reputation, it is critical that ERDC publications meet quality standards. This includes reviewing publications for potential copyright infringement, which adds another level of assurance to the quality and integrity of ERDC’s published works. Therefore, this report aims to explain the benefits and purpose behind implementing iThenticate, a powerful antiplagiarism tool, into the ERDC In-formation Technology Laboratory–Information Science and Knowledge Management (ISKM) Branch’s publication process and to present thorough guidance on using iThenticate effectively. To accomplish this, this document outlines the basics of copyright law, how to use iThenticate, and how to provide proper attributions for both text and images. With this in-formation, ISKM editors will be able to better communicate to authors the results of iThenticate reviews and to propose solutions for any issues that iThenticate may highlight.
The Forefront : A Review of ERDC Publications, Spring 2024
Authors: Moynihan Emily , Deuell Sarah , O’Donoghue James , Miles Kathleen
Published: September 2024

As the main research and development organization for the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) helps solve our nation’s most challenging problems. With seven laboratories under the ERDC umbrella, ERDC expertise spans a wide range of disciplines. This issue of the Forefront highlights several ERDC reports from FY22, many of which were highly recognized and widely downloaded. The Forefront team was honored in FY23 to receive both the Information Technology Laboratory’s Communication Award and the ERDC Communication Award for our Summer 2022 issue of the Forefront. The Forefront team and the Information Science and Knowledge Management Branch (ISKM) as a whole are committed to staying current with best practices and exploring new techniques to communicate ERDC’s research excellence. Through quality publications, dynamic presentations, and ongoing training opportunities, ISKM strives not only to support ERDC but also to blaze a path to clear, concise, and engaging scientific communication products. Remember, if it ever takes you more than five minutes to find an answer, contact us. We are here to help!
Advanced tin recycling technology
Authors: Nemenenok B. M. , Scheinert V. A. , Rumiantsava G. A. , Rakov I. G.
Published: September 2024

The article gives compositions of tin alloys and tin of the highest and first quality categories. The main impurities in tin, tin babbit and tin‑lead solders are presented. The technique of removing copper from POSM 61M solder for producing POSM 61solder by filtration is described.
ANÁLISIS EXPERIMENTAL DE MEZCLAS R744/R290 EN UNA BOMBA DE CALOR MULTIETAPA DE COMPRESIÓN DE VAPOR
Authors: Sánchez García-Vacas Daniel , Larrondo R. , Cabello R.
Published: September 2024

Las bombas de calor basadas en ciclo de compresión de vapor, se han convertido en una de las tecnologías clave para descarbonizar las necesidades residenciales de calefacción y ACS. La consecución de este objetivo, precisa el uso de sistemas de compresión de vapor eficientes, donde el refrigerante empleado sea un fluido natural totalmente inocuo para el medio ambiente, como puede ser el propano (R290) o el dióxido de carbono (R744). Ambos fluidos, ampliamente utilizados en el sector de la refrigeración comercial, presentan una serie de problemas inherentes a su naturaleza como es la inflamabilidad (propano) o la baja eficiencia de ciclo (CO2). La búsqueda de una combinación de ambos para mejorar el COP del ciclo, es el objetivo de esta ponencia, donde se analiza experimentalmente una bomba de calor de doble etapa de compresión empleando cinco mezclas de R744/R290, bajo unas mismas condiciones de funcionamiento (-20ºC temperatura ambiente y 10ºC de temperatura de entrada de agua). Los resultados obtenidos para la mezcla R744/R290 (88/12%masa), muestran una mejora en el COP de hasta un 6.2% con una reducción en la presión óptima de casi 11 bar.
MEZCLAS CO2/R600a COMO REFRIGERANTE EN SISTEMAS DE REFRIGERACIÓN CON COMPRESIÓN EN PARALELO: ANÁLISIS DEL FRACCIONAMIENTO
Authors: Martinez-Angeles Manel , Nebot Andrés Laura , Calleja-Anta Daniel , Llopis Rodrigo
Published: September 2024

Las instalaciones de refrigeración de tamaño medio a grande (sistemas centralizados) generalmente utilizan CO2 como fluido de trabajo, ya que es respetuoso con el medio ambiente, de alta seguridad y con niveles elevados de eficiencia con ciclos complejos. La adición de una pequeña proporción de otro refrigerante al CO2, conocida como dopaje, ha despertado interés en la comunidad científica. Dichas mezclas basadas en CO2 introducen algunos beneficios operativos, como reducciones de presión e incrementos de COP. Este trabajo estudia la mezcla CO2/R600a (fracción de masa del aditivo del 10%) en una de las arquitecturas más utilizadas para climas cálidos, el ciclo con compresión en paralelo. En esta configuración tiene lugar el fraccionamiento, un fenómeno que provoca la aparición de tres corrientes con diferentes composiciones circulando a través del ciclo. El trabajo aborda dicho fenómeno determinando de forma experimental las corrientes de circulación, así como los caudales másicos de cada línea del ciclo. Tras el análisis del fraccionamiento se aporta una comparativa entre resultados reales y composiciones obtenidas con Refprop v.10.0
CÁLCULO DE DISTANCIAS DE SEGURIDAD PARA LAS PRUEBA DE PRESIÓN DE RESISTENCIA Y DE ESTANQUEIDAD DE UNA INSTALACIÓN FRIGORÍFICA PARA UN CENTRO LOGÍSTICO
Authors: Galindo Muñoz M Teresa , Martínez Gómez Jerónimo
Published: September 2024

Cuando se ejecuta una nueva instalación frigorífica previa a la puesta en servicio, es obligatorio realizar una comprobación de que la instalación es segura y estanca. Para ello el RD 552/2019, en la “Instrucción F-09 ensayos, pruebas y revisiones previas a la puesta en servicio”, nos especifica los ensayos de la instalación. Los componentes deberán ser sometidos a una prueba de resistencia, y las tuberías requieren un ensayo a presión neumática. Los valores adoptados para la prueba de resistencia y estanqueidad varían en función de las líneas a probar. En materia de seguridad y salud es necesario establecer las medidas preventivas necesarias para garantizar la seguridad de los trabajadores, tanto aquellos que intervienen en dichos trabajos como los adyacentes. Para ello se realiza el cálculo de las distancias de seguridad de las líneas a considerar durante las pruebas en la instalación en un centro logístico consistente en un sistema de enfriamiento de NH3/Glicol al 35%, de tipo indirecto cerrado. Además, la instalación frigorífica contará con una central compresora, compuesta por compresores semiherméticos los cuales utilizan R-744 (CO2) como refrigerante para abastecer a los servicios frigoríficos pertenecientes al régimen de congelados. Para ello se ha utilizado el criterio conforme la Norma ASME PCC-2-2018. Reparación de equipos a presión y tuberías. Apéndices 501-II. y 501-III.
USO DE MEZCLAS DE HIDRACARBUROS COMO ALTERNATIVA AL REFRIGERANTE R134a
Authors: Sánchez García-Vacas Daniel , Calleja D. , Larrondo R. , Cabello R.
Published: September 2024

El refrigerante R134a es uno de los fluidos más empleados en el sector de la refrigeración comercial y aire acondicionado, por sus buenas prestaciones energéticas y condición de alta seguridad. Sin embargo, se trata de un gas fluorado que pertenece a la familia de los hidrofluorocarburos (HFCs) con un Potencial de Calentamiento Atmosférico a 100 años de 1530 según el último informe publicado por el IPCC (2021). Por tanto, es un gas cuyo uso está limitado por la reglamentación vigente, y para el cual se busca una alternativa tipo “drop-in” basada en refrigerantes naturales.
Teniendo en cuenta esta premisa, y dejando a un lado los problemas de inflamabilidad, el objetivo de esta ponencia es analizar, tanto teórica como experimentalmente, mezclas de R600a/R290 y R600a/R1270 que puedan ser usadas como “drop-in” en una instalación existente de R134a. Para ello, se ha atendido al criterio de mantener la misma cilindrada del compresor, modificando únicamente el sistema de expansión. Las pruebas experimentales realizadas sobre un expositor de bebidas bajo condiciones ambiente de clase III (25ºC y 60%), demostraron que las mezclas R600a/R290 (53/47%) y R600a/R1270 (60/40%), consiguen ahorros energéticos del 20.0 y 22.2%, respectivamente, con respecto el R134a.