bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moni Iudeorum: an enigmatic early place-name for St David's
Authors: Aitchison Nick
Published: February 2020

Moni Iudeorum is recorded in Annales Cambriae as St David's place of death. The first element of this place-name may be identified with Middle Welsh Mynyw, modern St David's. Its second is obscure but has traditionally been interpreted as referring to the early
Irish population group the Déisi, attesting early Irish settlement in south-west Wales. However, this interpretation rests only on a scribal emendation when others are equally, if not more, plausible. This paper reassesses the evidence, proposes a new, more minor, emendation,
Moniu Deorum '*Moniu of the Gods', and examines this within a wider early Christian context.
The derivation of the name Mabinogi
Authors: Fulk R. D.
Published: February 2020

Problems with Hamp's derivation of Mabinogi are noted, and the name is proposed instead to be an adaptation of the Old Irish Mac ind Óc.
St Thomas de Cantilupe's Welsh miracles
Authors: Bass Ian L.
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this article is to provide transcriptions and translations of the twenty-seven miracles recorded in Oxford, Exeter College, MS 158 and Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. Cod. Lat. 4015 relating to Wales. The miracles occurred through the invocation of St Thomas
de Cantilupe, bishop of Hereford (1275–82), and were recorded by the custodians at the shrine in the north transept of Hereford Cathedral between 1287 and 1312. This article examines both the Oxford and Vatican manuscripts and their significance. The collection is useful for study of
the context and aftermath of King Edward I's conquest of Wales in 1283 and the subsequent Anglo-Welsh conflicts and rebellions.
Locating the British Library Additional 14912 calendar
Authors: Luft Diana
Published: February 2020

This article advances the argument that the fourteenth-century Welsh medical manuscript British Library Additional 14912 is based on materials which ultimately stem from Llanthony Prima Priory in Monmouthshire, although it may itself have been produced for a patron in the vicinity of
Caerleon. The argument is based primarily on the saints' feasts which appear in a calendar which precedes the medical material in the manuscript. The feast which stands out is that of St. Finnian of Clonard, which is noted on December 12, and which is also used to calculate that month's Ember
Days. The article traces the close relationship between Llanthony and Finnian's native Westmeath, and argues that Llanthony's status as an Augustinian priory may account for that foundation's apparent interest in Welsh medical material. This interest may also be seen in the closely-related
fourteenth-century Welsh medical manuscript Cardiff 3.242, which may also be a product of Llanthony.
Edward Lhwyd in Cornwall
Authors: Roberts Brynley F.
Published: February 2020

This article discusses Edward Lhwyd's visit to Cornwall in 1700, drawing on his correspondence to demonstrate the support he received from Cornish scholars and antiquarians, his itinerary and fieldwork methodology, his treatment of the Cornish language, and the manuscript materials
available to him.
Initial consonant replacement in Classical Manx
Authors: Broderick George
Published: February 2020

In his Sir John Rhŷs Memorial Lecture of 1969 Robert L. Thomson provided a detailed analysis of initial consonant replacement in the Classical Manx of the eighteenth century, in which he was able to set out the use or non-use of such replacement by various authors of that century.
However, Thomson's presentation of the material is not easy to digest today, and in order to facilitate an easier understanding of the importance of these developments, the material has here been repackaged and presented anew.
Modern Requirements of the Legal Support of Artificial Intelligence: a View from Russia
Authors: Shestak Victor , Volevodz Aleksander
Published: February 2020

At the present stage of the society’s development the artificial intelligence is quickly widening its possibilities. These changes raise the issue of applying norms, including international law norms, to solve problems connected with the essence and technical protocol of using artificial intelligence. The article is devoted to the problems of legal regulation of the creation and use of artificial intelligence and the development of the conceptual framework and the definition of artificial intelligence according to the widely recognized scientific theories; the analysis of doctrinal approaches to the understanding of the place of artificial intelligence in legal relations; the evidence that giving artificial intelligence the status of a person is not legally grounded; the critical analysis of the ideas put forward by some American researchers that artificial intelligence should comply with the whole set of laws currently used for its human producer and operator. The authors study the legislation on the legal regulation of relations between the human and artificial intelligence in such countries as the Republic of Korea, the USA, Japan, the People’s Republic of China, the Republic of Estonia, the Federal Republic of Germany and the Russian Federation, as well as the European Union. They present various approaches to the classification of artificial intelligence’s features. The authors also examine the problem of defining the legal personality of an «electronic person»; analyze the necessity of making the owner liable for the compensation of moral and material damage inflicted by the «electronic person». The article also discusses key problems of enforcing the legal norms regulating intellectual property and copyright, criminal liability and participation in criminal proceedings within the framework of using artificial intelligence. The authors analyze key risks and uncertainties connected with artificial intelligence and crucial for improving relevant legislation. They work out suggestions for the future discussion of the following issues: the applications of artificial intelligence at the contemporary stage; development prospects in this sector; legally relevant problems researched of this sphere and the problems connected with the use of the existing and the development of new autonomous intelligence systems; the development of new strategies and legal norms to bridge the gaps in the legal regulation of using artificial intelligence, including using it as a participant in criminal proceedings; creation of the concept of liability in the sphere of using artificial intelligence, including the criminal one.
Suicides as an Element of Studying Homicidal Crime
Authors: Koretsky Danil , Steshich Elena
Published: February 2020

Any research of homicidal crime cannot ignore the common circumstances that unite murder and suicide into a single complex of social pathology. The specific weight of suicides exceeded the specific weight of murders almost twice among the external causes of death in 2017 — 14.4 % and 6.4 %, correspondingly. The classics of criminology and the leading modern scholars pointed out that there is an inverse relationship between the number of suicides and murders («self-killers are timid murderers» thesis), besides, suicides could be murders in disguise or the consequences of driving somebody to suicide; often if there is a possibility to view an incident as a suicide (and even if there is no such possibility), other investigation leads practically do not get checked. A number of cases where somebody’s life was taken were classified as suicides, although neither the method, nor the impact mechanism were typical of suicides. This happens especially often if the dead person is imprisoned or serves in the armed forces. Having analyzed the legislative initiatives that link the growth in the number of teenage suicides with the emergence of the so-called groups of death, encouraging teenagers to commit suicides in online groups, the authors conclude that this is, in fact, just a «fake target» used to distract the attention of the society from the objective causes of such behavior and to avoid costly prevention measures. The authors name to true causes of such actions and present their ideas regarding the measures to prevent both suicidal behavior and the camouflaging of murders as suicides.
The Gnoseological Nature of Investigation and Identification Activities
Authors: Parfenov Alexander , Pavlichenko Nikolai , Lapunova Yulia , Shupletsov Alexander
Published: February 2020

The article examines the gnoseological nature of investigation and identification work. The authors perform the retrospective analysis of research in this sphere — from the sources of the criminalistic theory of investigation (1920s) to the research carried out by contemporary specialists in operative investigation theory, and use the results of this analysis to outline a complex of problems connected with the search for different categories of missing persons, the identification of persons and unidentified bodies, all studied from the standpoint of coordinating legal norms that regulate the operative investigation activities. The authors establish a correlation between the structure of opinions and views existing within the investigation and identification trends and draw some conclusions that could give the most precise answers to the unsolved problems regarding the approaches to the analyzed activity and its logical contents. The authors note that in recent years the structure of law enforcement bodies changed and they acquired additional responsibilities that are also included in the investigation and identification activities, so it became relevant to conduct research analysis and monitoring of the condition of the above-mentioned sphere of activities. Besides, the authors draw attention to the fact that the operative investigation doctrine does not offer any theoretical solutions to the analyzed problems and present not only such solutions, but also some ideas that are revolutionary for this kind of research, for example, the independence of investigation and identification activity from the operational investigation activity. Based on this study, the authors formulate the notion of investigation and identification activity and conclude that this activity has some specific features. In the gnoseological aspect, the activity of internal affairs bodies is viewed as a kind of cognition of those events in the world that present some interest and are relevant to the soonest solution of the problems and reaching the goals of investigation and identification. From this viewpoint, the investigation and identification activities are characterized by all the regularities typical of any cognitive activities, including the general philosophic regularities of studying the environment, viewing the human being as an object or a subject of investigation and identification activities, studying his thinking and behavior, as well as the cognition process itself. The authors also present the operational investigation description of the analyzed activities.
Civil Claim in Criminal Proceedings From the Standpoint of Res Judicata in Different Areas of Law
Authors: Nikolajchenko Olga
Published: February 2020

The problems of a claim and a claim as a form of protection for a violated right have a fundamental significance not only in the traditional sense — for the civilistic areas of law - but, especially, for the theory of criminal, criminal procedure and penitentiary law. Economic aspects make it possible to consider a claim to be a preventative instrument of influencing lawbreakers. Procedural aspects of a claim show that it is effective for the observance of the principle of procedural economy. The criminological aspects of a claim lead to the conclusion regarding the necessity of taking into consideration the connections between different areas of law. The author proves that the value of criminal punishment should not be determined independently, but rather depending on the norms, institutions of criminal law and taking into consideration their interconnection and interdependence with the institutions of other areas of law. Such an approach makes it possible to conclude that the institute of claim, which is significant for interactions between different law areas, holds a special place in the legal sphere and acts as an important element of the crime prevention mechanism. It is a challenge for contemporary international and Russian law to strike a fair balance between the interests of the subjects of public relations. In this connection, the claim has another crucial significance — it ensures the right of the victim for the unhindered access to court by restoring his/her rights and compensating the moral damage inflicted by the criminal act. The realization of this right depends on the formulation of the object and grounds for the claim; their specific features are described by the author in the existing research concepts of the theory of claim developed in the civil procedure law research. The objective of protecting the violated rights of the victim is above the division of law into areas; it is formulated in view of the principle of optionality, which is reflected in both civil procedure and civil legislation of Russia. Taking into account the trends in the criminal policy of foreign countries aimed at the attenuation of the punitive side of the criminal justice system and the development of economic measures of influencing crime, the author presents arguments in support of the legal and actual appeal of a civil claim in criminal proceedings based on the established clauses of the procedural theory and the contemporary needs of the law enforcement practice.
The Problems of Criminal Law Harmonization in the Framework of the EU
Authors: Voynikov Vadim
Published: February 2020

The free movement of people across internal borders, and the high level of integration between EU member states, demands the development of cooperation in the fight against crime. That is why the EU is empowered to ensure the coordination of activities of member states in the fight against crime. This fight is one of the elements of EU policy in the areas of freedom, security and justice. One of the EU’s anti-crime activities is the harmonization of national criminal law, the main idea of which is to ensure the same level of responsibility for crimes of a cross-border dimension in all EU member states. The article analyzes the legal basis for the harmonization of criminal law within the EU, classifies these activities, shows the features of certain types (modes) of harmonization, as well as shows the place of criminal law harmonization in the EU system of combating crime. The analysis of the definition «EU criminal law» and other concepts relating to legal cooperation in criminal matters within the EU has a special place in this article. Based on an analysis of the positions of a number of researchers, the author comes to the conclusion that the concept of «EU criminal law» is an «umbrella» definition, which is understood as a set of rules relating to the harmonization of criminal law and criminal procedure law. In addition, the paper shows the features of harmonization of criminal law within the most serious types of crimes, such as terrorism, human trafficking, etc. The EU has a competence on the harmonization of national criminal law, but EU institutions are entitled to accept only framework norms that do not have a direct effect needing implementation into national law. At the moment, the EU’s primary Law contains the necessary legal framework for the harmonization of national criminal law. The analysis of this framework allows us to identify three main modes of harmonization of criminal law within the EU: functional (basic) harmonization, annex harmonization, and auxiliary harmonization.
The Issues of Legitimacy of the International Criminal Court in Its Relations with African Countries in the Sphere of Counteracting International Crimes
Authors: Bukuru Jean-Batiste , Solntsev Aleksandr
Published: February 2020

The authors study the legitimacy of the establishment and work of the International Criminal Court (ICC) from the perspective of African countries. They point out that African countries initially supported the idea of creating the ICC and actively participated in its establishment and development. However, after the Court initiated investigations regarding the current President of Sudan Omar Al-Bashir and other African leaders (current President of Kenia Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta, its Vice-President William Samoei Ruto, former Head of the Great Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Muammar Gaddafi, the ex-President of Cote d’Ivoire Laurent Gbagbo, and others), the ICC began to lose its legitimacy in the eyes of most African leaders, who started to perceive it as a political instrument of Western countries. As a result, the African Union in its Resolutions (13 (XIII), 987 (XXIX), 952 (XXVIII) and others) called on African countries to stop cooperating with the ICC concerning warrants for the arrest of current officials and, finally, to totally withdraw from the Rome Statute of the ICC of 1998 because it believed that the Court is selective in its persecution of Africans only. Following this, three African countries (Burundi, the South African Republic and Gambia) announced in 2016 that they intend to withdraw from the Rome Statute. However, the South African Republic and Gambia did not do this due to internal political situation and pressure from the Western countries, and only Burundi withdrew from the 1998 Rome Statute on October 27, 2017. Besides, the African Union initiated the establishment of the International Criminal Chamber within its regional court — the African Court of Justice and Human Rights (Malabo Protocol of 2014); the authors believe it to be the reaction of the African countries to the activities of the ICC. Based on their research, the authors suggest reforming the International Criminal Court to ensure its independence and impartiality in fighting international crimes and impunity, as well as developing regional criminal justice in Africa.
On the New System of Recording and Registration of Complaints, Statements and Other Information on Criminal Offenses
Authors: Sadvakasova Adel , Khanov Talgat
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of statistical information on criminal offenses between 2012 and 2017. The authors take into account the specific features of the amended model of criminal proceedings and the new system of records and registration of statements and reports on criminal offenses. As there is no data on the statements and reports to the pre-trial investigation bodies for 2015–2017 or the judgments on them for the Republic as a whole, the comparison was carried out for the statistical data on Karaganda Region in different periods. The analysis and comparison of the available information on Karaganda Region was used to explain the unjustified reduction of the volume of registered criminal offenses in 2015–2017. The authors developed a formula that helps to determine the causes of this situation, typical not only for this Region, but for the whole Republic since 2012. The article highlights the problem areas connected with the key clauses of the Rules for Records and Registration of Complaints, Statements and Reports on Criminal Offenses as well as with maintaining the Single Registry of Pre-Trial Investigations, approved by the Order of the General Prosecutor for the Republic of Kazakhstan of September 19, 2014, No 89. The authors describe disputable aspects of the law enforcement practice. Besides, using the analysis of the previous and current systems of records and registration of complaints and statements on criminal offenses, the authors make an attempt to stabilize the situation in the sphere of records and registration. They draw attention to the fact that in the past all complaints and statements on crimes were to be registered, and this information was entered in the Book of Records of Complaints, Statements and Information. After the new order of registration and recording of complaints and statements on criminal offenses was introduced, the information from the Book of Records of Information is only statistically relevant if these complaints are registered in the Single Registry of Pre-Trial Investigations.
Трудовые мигранты из Центральной Азии в сибирском городе: инфраструктура, занятость, повседневность, досуг
Authors: Брязгина Диана Евгеньевна , Джанызакова Сеиль Давлетовна , Нам Ираида (Ирина) Владимировна , Садырин Антон Алексеевич , Сметанин Федор Анатольевич
Published: February 2020

В статье представлены результаты первого года реализации исследовательского проекта «Использование и создание мигрантами городской инфраструктуры сибирских региональных столиц» (томский кейс). В качестве объекта исследования были выбраны мигранты из трех центрально-азиатских республик (Киргизия, Таджикистан и Узбекистан) как наиболее многочисленная группа иностранцев, въезжающих на территорию Томска. Выходцы из этих государств наиболее подвержены дискриминации в силу своей «видимости», а СМИ зачастую навязывают этим людям ярлык «усредненного» мигранта, несущего безусловную угрозу российскому обществу. В статье анализируются и описываются траектории социально-экономической и культурной адаптации/интеграции мигрантов в городе Томск. В основу исследования был положен подход, использующийся в культурной географии, согласно которому в городском пространстве существуют как традиционные (реальные), так и ментальные (вернакулярные) районы, а основными критериями выделения вернакулярного района служит его локализация в восприятии жителями отдельной городской территории. Для исследования были выделены три вернакулярных района, имеющих разные социально-экономические и географические характеристики: «Центр» как «благополучный» район, «Черемошники» как «проблемный», «Иркутчи» как «промежуточный». Основными методами сбора полевых данных послужили качественные методы: интервью и соучаствующее наблюдение. С целью выявления элементов «мигрантской» инфраструктуры был проведен анкетный опрос мигрантов в каждом из выделенных вернакулярных районов города. Это первое исследование, направленное на понимание того, как мигранты встраиваются в экономику и социальные связи в сибирском городе. Объекты «мигрантской» инфраструктуры анализируются не как отдельные элементы экономической и социальной инфраструктуры, а как точки взаимодействия разных групп мигрантов и горожан. Исследуется, как эти объекты встроены в жизнь города. Оценивается степень интеграции мигрантов в городское пространство и роль социальных институтов, значимых для них.
Модели взросления разных поколений россиян
Authors: Митрофанова Екатерина Сергеевна
Published: February 2020

На базе данных обследования «Родители и дети, мужчины и женщины в семье и обществе» (2011 г., 5451 человек) проведен количественный анализ наступления стартовых событий жизни, маркирующих взросление. В качестве таких событий взяты получение профессионального образования, первое трудоустройство, первое отделение от родителей, первое партнерство (незарегистрированные отношения с совместным проживанием), первый брак и рождение первого ребенка.

Результаты визуализированы на демографической сетке Лексиса, что наглядно представляет влияние исторического и институционального контекста на организацию жизненного пути индивидов. Действующие законодательные и социальные нормы задают границы вариативности сценариев взросления в каждый момент времени и определяют скорость обновления социальных практик.

Выявлены три модели перехода во взрослую жизнь в России: «советская» (характерна для поколений 1940-49, 1950-59, 1960-69 годов рождения), «переходная» (поколения 1930-39 и 1970-79 годов рождения) и «постсоветская» (поколение 1980-86 годов рождения). Сравнение моделей перехода во взрослую жизнь в России и европейских странах показало наличие конвергенции паттернов взросления между странами, а также выявило запаздывание демографического перехода в России примерно на 20-25 лет, что подтверждает предположение о стадиальности модернизационного процесса.
Расовое профилирование: история и современное состояние исследований
Authors: Григорьева Ксения Сергеевна
Published: February 2020

Немногочисленные исследования расового профилирования в России подтвердили существование этой проблемы. Однако её разработка, начатая в середине 2000-х годов, до настоящего времени продвинулась незначительно. Русскоязычный читатель практически не знаком с теоретическими и методологическими подходами к изучению расового профилирования, разработанными за рубежом. Эта статья призвана восполнить недостаток информации о зарубежных исследованиях расового профилирования и является первым обзором литературы по этой теме на русском языке. В статье рассматривается история изучения расовой дискриминации в системе уголовного правосудия в англоязычном научном мире, анализируется выделение расового профилирования в отдельную область исследований в начале 1990-х годов и ее дальнейшее развитие в 2000-х годах. Представлены основные методологические подходы к изучению расового профилирования, их возможности и ограничения. Рассмотрены ключевые теоретические подходы к пониманию расового неравенства в правоохранительной деятельности. В заключение с учетом накопленного опыта приводится ряд рекомендаций по планированию будущих исследований. Обращается внимание на необходимость более четкого разграничения между преднамеренным расовым профилированием, санкционированным государством; политикой отдельных полицейских управлений; личной инициативой сотрудников полиции и статистической дискриминацией, отражающей социальное неравенство. При проведении количественных исследований рекомендуется использовать несколько источников данных и несколько аналитических методов. Подчеркивается необходимость избегать поспешности и предвзятости в выводах. При интерпретации полученных эмпирических данных рекомендуется учитывать все возможные концептуальные объяснения, включая расово нейтральные.
Новый демографический переход: наибольший прирост продолжительности жизни в настоящее время происходит за счет старших возрастов
Authors: Эгглстон Карен , Фукс Виктор
Published: February 2020

В начале XX века в США и 16 других сопоставимых по экономическому развитию странах снижение смертности в возрастах старше 65 лет обеспечивало лишь 20% общего прироста ожидаемой продолжительности жизни. В начале XXI века эта доля составляла уже 80%, асимптотически приближаясь к 100%. Этот новый демографический переход предвещает ослабление влияния роста дожития на продолжительность трудовой жизни. Для стран с высоким уровнем дохода, находящихся на переднем крае перехода в долголетии, доля ожидаемой продолжительности трудовой деятельности в процентах к ожидаемой продолжительности жизни снижается. Если общество хочет сохранить положительную взаимосвязь между ростом продолжительности жизни и ростом благосостояния, ему необходима новаторская политика.
Magnetic particle inspection and EMF Directive 2013/35/EU
Authors: Bibby H , Hinsley J
Published: February 2020

EMF Directive 2013/35/EU [1] was transposed into legislation in EU member states in 2016. In the UK, the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) produced the Control of Electromagnetic Fields at Work (CEMFAW) Regulations 2016 [2] . It is the first piece of legislation in the UK that is specific
to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and requires all employers to perform an EMF risk assessment. For many this is a relatively easy process, as most workplaces do not contain equipment capable of producing high fields. However, any piece of equipment that uses a high level of electrical current
is capable of generating a high magnetic field and, in the case of magnetic particle inspection (MPI), it is an intended output. As the operator is often required to stand close to the generated field, exposure levels can be relatively high. Magnetic flux density measurements have shown that
the action levels (ALs) used as the basis for exposure assessment can be exceeded. In some instances this can be mitigated by some instruction or training, while in others it may be necessary to prove compliance with exposure limit values (ELVs). Proving compliance with ELVs is more complicated
than proving compliance with ALs. It is by no means impossible, however, as computer modelling can be employed. The regulations also list categories of worker considered to be at particular risk. Pregnant workers and workers with active medical devices, such as pacemakers, or passive implants,
for example artificial joints, pins, plates, screws or stents, are all considered to be at particular risk. To perform a risk assessment for such workers, reference levels contained in EU Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC [3] are used. These are much more stringent than ALs and compliance
is more difficult, but a pragmatic approach can be employed to achieve a successful outcome. Fundamentally, the purpose of the regulations is not to place obstacles in the way of industry but to make employers and equipment manufacturers aware of their obligations and the possible routes that
can be taken to achieve compliance.
Enhanced ACFM detection performance by multi-parameter synergy analysis
Authors: Gao Junqi , Sun Lingsi , Zhao Shuxiang , Shen Ying
Published: February 2020

A procedure for the enhancement of alternating current field measurement (ACFM) detection performance is proposed based on a multi-parameter synergy analysis (MPSA) algorithm. Firstly, to gain the maximised ACFM signal characteristics, wavelet base property matching is adopted to choose
the favourable wavelet bases. To this aim, the following six base properties should be considered: orthogonality, compact support, symmetry, discrete wavelet transform (DWT), vanishing moment and regularity. It is found that the applicable wavelet bases are Haar, Daubechies (DbN), Symlets
(SymN) and Coiflets (CoifN). Secondly, the MPSA method is applied to select the optimal mother wavelet candidates. The candidate with the largest MPSA index value is regarded as the optimum wavelet base. Finally, the proposed MPSA denoising strategy is demonstrated using an ACFM experiment.
The results indicate that wavelets Db4 with decomposition level (DL)9 and Sym7 with DL8 are most appropriate for x- and z-axis ACFM signal denoising, respectively. The enhanced ACFM detection performance is experimentally verified and it is found that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is increased
by 33.8 dB and 26.7 dB for the x- and z-axis signal, respectively.
Minimum inhibitory concentration of squid ink Loligo sp. extract on growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans bacteria
Authors: Pangemanan Damajanty H. C. , Mintjelungan Christy
Published: February 2020

Background: Dental caries and periodontal disease can be caused by bacteria that attack hard and soft tissues in the oral cavity like Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans bacteria One way to prevent infections caused by the bacteria are by using mouthwash. Currently, mouthwash that is widely used is mouthwash containing chlorhexidine, which has side effects in the form of tooth staining when used prolonged. The need for alternative medicines from nature that effectively cope with polymicrobial infections. One of the marine products that has pharmaceutical properties is squid, especially the ink it produces.Methods: This research is a pure experimental study (true experimental design) with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Squid ink Loligo sp. extract, obtained by extracting squid ink Loligo sp., with maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. This research uses serial dilution method with spectrophotometric testing method.Results: After measuring the turbidity value in each treatment tube, it was found that at a concentration of 1.56% squid ink Loligo sp. extract began to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans bacteria.  This is proven because the absorbance value after and before incubation is fixed.Conclusions: The minimum inhibitory concentration of squid ink Loligo sp. extract on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutants at a concentration of 1.56%.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of care providers about congenital rubella syndrome
Authors: Ravaoarisoa Lantonirina , Andriatahina Todisoa N. , Randriananahirana Zina A. , Ranivoson Andrianina H. , Rahajamanana Vonintsoa L. , Andriamahita Jocelyn , Andrianirinarison Jean C. , Robinson Annick L.
Published: February 2020

Background: Behaviour of healthcare providers when facing an illness is an important part of their struggle. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, the attitude and the practice of health care providers regarding to the Congenital Rubella Syndrome.Methods: Authors did a descriptive study on the knowledge, the attitude and the practice of healthcare providers about Congenital Rubella Syndrome with 161 healthcare providers working in 8 hospitals in Madagascar. A self-introduced survey was used to collect the data.Results: There were 87% of all healthcare providers included in the study, who said that rubella in the first trimester of pregnancy was the cause of this syndrome for child, 87% knew at least 2 of the 3 major signs of Congenital Rubella Syndrome and more than 80% had a good knowledge of the criteria for diagnosing cases (suspected, clinically confirmed, laboratory confirmed). The referral to a hospital or to a specialist was the most proposed for the management of the case of Congenital Rubella Syndrome. The prescription of an IgG avidity for rubella and advising abortion were the main propositions for mothers having a positive test at the first trimester of pregnancy.Conclusions: A fairly satisfactory level of knowledge of healthcare providers was noted.
Thyroid profile in pulmonary tuberculosis patients: a prospective study in a tertiary medical college of southern Odisha
Authors: Dash Manoranjan , Behera Bibhu P. , Sen Ranjan Kumar
Published: February 2020

Background: Globally, an estimated 10.0 million (range, 9.0 to 11.1 million) people infected with tuberculosis (TB). Developing country like India accounts for one fourth of the global tuberculosis burden. TB is associated with diffuse functional impairment of most endocrine organs.

Methods: We conducted a study to evaluate the thyroid profile status in new sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients, aged 12 years and above; attended and admitted to chest and TB, Medicine Department of SLN MCH, Koraput, Odisha from January 2019 to December 2019. Patients with H/o old pulmonary tuberculosis, patient with known neurological, hypothalamic-pituitary or thyroid disorders, kidney disease, malignancies and patients receiving medications known to interfere with thyroid hormone metabolism were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 21.0 software. Results were expressed in average±SD, frequencies and percentages. Continuous data were compared using Student’s t-test. A p value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant and p value <0.001 was considered as statistically extremely significant.

Results: Mean age of the study group was 37.31±15.63 years. 54 patients (40.30%) were in 20 to 40 years of age group. We found, 48 (35.82%) pulmonary tuberculosis patients had sick euthyroid syndrome out of 134 pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Conclusions: Sick euthyroid syndrome occurs commonly in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with increasing incidence with advanced age, and also seen in patients with advanced pulmonary tuberculosis patients; therefore, requires monitoring of thyroid function test for its timely initiation of therapy.

 
Clinical profile of children with febrile seizure in a peripheral teaching hospital
Authors: V. Raju , M. Parvathy
Published: February 2020

Background: Febrile seizure is a common problem in children below 5years of age. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical profile of children presenting with febrile seizures and to identify the risk factors for recurrence of febrile seizures in these children in a teaching hospital.Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted over a year period from November 2017 to November 2018 in the Department of Pediatrics. One hundred patients with febrile seizures admitted, aged 6-60 months were matched with another one hundred children having fever but without seizure with the same age range, attending the same hospital during the same period. Patients with prior episodes of afebrile seizures, abnormal neurodevelopment, on anticonvulsants and not meeting the age criteria were excluded.Results: The mean age and standard deviation for cases were 25.8±15.19 months and for control was 29.9±18.5 months. Out of which 64% had a febrile seizure for the first time and 36% had recurrent febrile seizures and 64% were males. Simple febrile seizure and complex febrile seizure were observed in 76.7% and 23.3% of patients respectively. The majority of children (71.8%) had a generalized tonic-clonic seizure followed by tonic seizures. Upper respiratory tract infections were the commonest cause of fever in these children. Low temperature at the onset of Febrile Seizure (p=0.001), short duration of fever before the onset of Febrile Seizure (0.026) and atypical Febrile Seizure (p=0.022) were the risk factors for a recurrent febrile seizure.Conclusions: Febrile Seizure is a common pediatric problem seen in males, observed predominantly in children below the age of two years and simple febrile seizure was the commonest variety. Almost one-third of children with Febrile Seizure are at risk for recurrence at a later date. The risk factors for these recurrences are modest rise in body temperature at the onset of febrile seizure, the onset of seizure within 12 hours of fever and atypical presentation.
Thyroid status among critically ill patients admitted in the intensive care unit of the government tertiary care hospital in Mandya: a retrospective study
Authors: K. L. Chethan Kumar , K. M. Shivakumar
Published: February 2020

Background: The nonthyroidal illness syndrome, also known as the low T3 syndrome or euthyroid sick syndrome. Any acute severe illness can cause abnormalities of circulating Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) or Thyroid Hormone (TH) levels in the absence of underlying thyroid disease. The laboratory parameters of this syndrome include low serum levels of T3 and high levels of reverse T3, with normal or low levels of thyroxine (T4) and normal or low levels of TSH. This condition may affect 60-70% of critically ill patients. The severity of illness correlates well with the reduction in total serum T3 level. Objectives of the study was to assess the thyroid status of critically ill patients admitted in intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This is a retrospective observational study done at Department of General Medicine, MIMS, Mandya among patients admitted with critical illness to ICU. 100 patients admitted with critical illness to ICU are included in this study. Thyroid function reports obtained from case sheets, data entered into MS Excel sheet and analysed.Results: Out of 100 patients studied 34 patients had sepsis, 26 patients had respiratory failure, 20 patients had Congestive cardiac failure, 12 patients had acute renal failure and 8 patients had Diabetic ketoacidosis. Among 100 patients 63% had abnormal thyroid function test, 56% had low T3, 12% had low T4, 2% had high T4 and 3% had low TSH.Conclusions: Thyroid function abnormality suggesting Non thyroid illness or euthyroid sick syndrome is common among critically ill patients.
Pattern and associated socio demographic factors of tobacco use among health care staff in a tertiary care setting at Faridabad
Authors: Prasad Nidhi , Kumar Binay
Published: February 2020

Background: This study aimed at assessing prevailing pattern and risk factors of tobacco consumption among health care workers of tertiary care centre, in Faridabad.Methods: A cross-sectional approach was used. A sample of 306 participants included housekeeping and nursing orderly. Participants were interviewed during their lunch time. Semi structured questionnaire was used for data collection.Results: The overall prevalence of tobacco use was found to be 42.8% (n=306), of which (30.7%) prevalence among housekeeping’s compared to nursing orderlies (12.7%). The consumption of smokeless tobacco was higher among housekeeping staff. Khaini (45%) was the main consumption type, followed by hookah (21%) and cigarettes (19.5%) among the current tobacco user (n=133). The consumption of tobacco was found to be associated with gender (male), education, and nature of job (designation) at the hospital setting.Conclusions: Tobacco use is very common in hospital staff in Faridabad as reflected by results of our study. We should build on success encountered in banning smoking in educational institutions and healthcare facilities. This is important for their health and also overall health of patients also as they can influence the behaviour of people that surrounds them.
Prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls and its association with certain demographic variables: our experience from rural Telangana
Authors: Reshmi Panchasheela S. , Takalkar Anant Arunrao
Published: February 2020

Background: Adolescents constitute over 21.4% of the population in India and adolescent girls constitute about 10 percent of the Indian population. This age group needs special attention because of the turmoil of adolescence which they face due to the different stages of development that they undergo, different circumstances that they come across, their different needs and diverse problems. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of anaemia in the study population and to assess the socio-demographic risk factors associated with the anaemia.Methods: Community based cross sectional study conducted in adolescent girls aged 10 to 19 years, permanently residing in the rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally during September 2010 to September 2012.Results: Majority of families belong to upper lower socio-economic status (57.7%) according to BG Prasad’s classification. Age-wise prevalence of anaemia shows that prevalence of anaemia was highest (69%) in 18 to 19 years age group and least (37.5%) in the age group of 16 to 17 years. Majority of subjects with anaemia were having mild anaemia (80.2%) followed by moderate anaemia (19.2%) and severe anaemia (0.6%) respectively. Highest prevalence (68.1%) was found in joint or extended and least prevalence (56.1%) was found in nuclear families. Highest prevalence (75.0%) in subjects belonging to large family and least (54.5%) with small family.Conclusions: Prevalence of anaemia was 59% with majority of study subjects having mild to moderate anaemia. Prevalence of anaemia in these girls had a significant association with socioeconomic status of the family.
Benefits and challenges of pastoralism system in Ethiopia
Authors: Abdulkadr Ahmed Abduletif
Published: February 2020

Pastoralism is an important livelihood system practice in most of the dryland areas of the globe.It is a source of income and way of livelihood for hundreds of millions of world population.This research aimed at explaining the benefits of pastoral system, identifying the main challenges the sector faced based on secondary data obtained from different official records such as FAO, CSA (Central Statistical Authority of Ethiopia) and published research article and government reports. Besides this, this research also tried to indicate the possible way outs. Economically it contributes about 10%-40% of national GDP of countries and over 1.3 billion people benefited from the livestock value chain. Ethiopia has the largest livestock population in Africa (first in Africa, and 5th in the world) and 20 % of the national export and 90% of live animal export of the Ethiopian trade, and 80% of annual milk supply to the Ethiopian community resulted directly from the pastoralists. Yet the sectorial contribution has many bottlenecks and the most important one is lack of appropriate policy due to the misconception that the system is economically not feasible and environmentally unfriendly. In addition to this, unexpected, but short period drought and weak market chain, limited access to feed, equipment and information, market chain, animal health (veterinary) are contributing factors to the low contribution of the livestock sector. Ethiopia, with its huge livestock population and the increasing demand of global meat and milk demand, should give attention towards the sectorial development including provision of infrastructure such as milk and milk processing industries, leather and leather processing industries, and focus on Diversification of economic activities inthe pastoral areas. Besides, the government of Ethiopia should give an emphasis on developing policies and strategies to increase productivity of livestock and maintain the development of the sector. Furthermore, the government should devise mechanisms to control the illegal inter-boarder live animal export and way of measuring unaccounted (nonmarketable) values of livestock pastoral contributions.
A comparative analysis of the wheat value chains in Hungary & Turkey
Authors: Ceylan Nazli
Published: February 2020

Besides being a crucial component of human nutrition, wheat has been one of the strategic commodities in the world economy since ancient times. Self-sufficiency in staple food production considered being an advantage for a country, thus many countries try to improve crop production technologies as well as whole supply chains to achieve sustainability. The wheat sector became more competitive with globalization and increased number of bilateral free trade agreements. Therefore, it is crucial to create an efficient wheat supply chain to achieve strong competitive power in international markets. Regarding wheat production, Hungary and Turkey ensure food security although they have different market structure and conditions. This study aims to investigate and provide a snapshot of how wheat sectors in Hungary and Turkey, focusing on basic stages of the wheat value chain such as production, processing, logistics and sales. The study mainly depends on statistical data with analysing them on the country level. The subject field is looking to investigate the main trends of the wheat market in Hungary and Turkey, also takes a glance of existing policies and how the government’s role in the wheat market differs.
THE ROLE OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION TEACHERS IN DEVELOPING THE CITIZENSHIP VALUES AMONG POST-BASIC EDUCATION STUDENTS IN THE SULTANATE OF OMAN
Authors: Harith Alkharusi Aziza Saif , Bin Ismail Noor Azizi
Published: February 2020

This quantitative study aimed to investigate Islamic education teachers’ role in developing citizenship values among students in the post- basic school (Grades 11-12) in the Sultanate of Oman. Many studies have revealed that citizenship values not addressed adequately through the curriculum, and teachers experience many challenges in teaching citizenship values in the era of globalization and modernity. Therefore, this study planned to examine the effectiveness of Islamic education teachers in developing citizenship values, and to investigate challenges facing them in achieving such learning outcomes. To achieve these aims, a questionnaire designed to examine the perceptions of supervisors and senior Islamic teachers. Random sample of (152) supervisors and senior Islamic teachers was selected from the whole study population of (274). Results showed that supervisors and senior teachers of Islamic education express high satisfaction regarding Islamic education teachers’ effort in developing citizenship values among their students. However, the study revealed several challenges facing the Islamic education teachers to be more effective in teaching citizenship values. Challenges associated with increased negative impacts of the media identified to be at the top list.
Keywords: teacher role, citizenship values, post-basic education.