bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intracellular Localization of Endogenous Mouse ABCG1 Is Mimicked by Both ABCG1-L550 and ABCG1-P550—Brief Report
Authors: Tarling Elizabeth J. , Edwards Peter A.
Published: May 2016

Objective—

In a recent article in
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
, it was reported that ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) containing leucine at position 550 (ABCG1-L550) was localized to the plasma membrane, whereas ABCG1-P550 (proline at position 550) was intracellular. Because the published data on the subcellular localization of ABCG1 are controversial, we performed additional experiments to determine the importance of leucine or proline at amino acid 550.

Approach and Results—

We transfected multiple cell lines (CHO-K1, Cos-7, and HEK293 [human embryonic kidney]) with untagged or FLAG-tagged ABCG1 containing either leucine or proline at position 550. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that in all cases, ABCG1 localized to intracellular endosomal vesicles. We also show that both ABCG1-L550 and ABCG1-P550 are equally active in both promoting the efflux of cellular cholesterol to exogenous high-density lipoprotein and in inducing the activity of sterol regulatory element–binding protein-2, presumably as a result of redistributing intracellular sterols away from the endoplasmic reticulum. Importantly, we treated nontransfected primary peritoneal macrophages with a liver X receptor agonist and demonstrate, using immunofluorescence, that although endogenous ABCG1 localizes to intracellular endosomes, none was detectable at the cell surface/plasma membrane.

Conclusions—

ABCG1, irrespective of either a leucine or proline at position 550, is an intracellular protein that localizes to vesicles of the endosomal pathway where it functions to mobilize sterols away from the endoplasmic reticulum and out of the cell.
ASEAN Economic Integration and Physical Connectivity
Authors: Chia Siow Yue
Published: May 2016

Although the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) was established at the end of 2015, some of the objectives remain for it to be fully realized, and many of the actions and measures in the AEC Blueprint have not been fully implemented and have to be carried forward to future years. Among these “works in progress” is transport and other physical infrastructure, which is necessary for the physical flows of goods and people. Analysis of free trade and economic integration agreements do not usually place emphasis on the importance of the physical delivery of the goods and people flows made possible by trade and investment liberalizations, particularly in geographically dispersed and diverse regions such as ASEAN. This paper examines the importance of physical connectivity to implement the AEC. It explores the various dimensions of land, maritime, and aviation connectivity with the complex agreements, national policies and regulatory frameworks and challenges of implementation and infrastructure financing, including the Chinese initiative of the One Belt-One Road and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.
Ashkenazic Talmudic Interpretation and The Jewish–Christian Encounter
Authors: Kanarfogel Ephraim
Published: May 2016

This study looks anew at the interactions and possible influences between the monastic and cathedral school masters in Europe during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, and the leading contemporary scholars of the Talmud in northern France and Germany known as the Tosafists. By focusing on significant commonalities in interpretational methods and institutional structures, as well as on the formulations of various critics, the contours of these interactions can be more precisely charted and assessed.
Living with Unanswered Questions: The Meaning of the Queries about the Book of Job in Isaac Nathan’s Ḥazut Qashah (“Grievous Vision”)
Authors: Ben-Shalom Ram
Published: May 2016

Hazut Qashah (Grievous Vision) is one of a number of studies on the Hebrew Bible by the fifteenth-century Jewish intellectual Isaac Nathan of Arles. This peculiar Hebrew text is composed of a list of thirteen questions about the book of Job without answers. An analysis of this work on the backdrop of Christian and Jewish scholasticism along with possible Eastern precedents such as Masaʾail, demonstrates its literary innovation, which is derived not from the questions it poses, but rather, from the author’s willingness to acknowledge that the Bible had failed to provide adequate answers to them. Some of the questions were liable to provoke skepticism and raise doubts, but in contrast to the corpus of critical and heretical Jewish literature, Nathan had no interest in destroying the foundations of Judaism by attacking the biblical infrastructure. The significance and power of Hazut Qashah does not issue from any theological insights, but from its novel format. There is no similar medieval text, be it Jewish or Christian, which presents a set of theological problems without offering any corresponding explanations. As such, living with an open question—the existential solution presented in Hazut Qashah—becomes just one more facet of Nathan’s own rich intellectual project.
Building al-Būnī’s Legend
Authors: Coulon Jean-Charles
Published: May 2016

From the fourteenth century onward, the figure of al-Būnī (d. 622/1225) became the greatest authority in the science of letters (or sīmiyāʾ). His life was not well known in the Middle Ages but some hagiographical notices concerning him circulated. The purpose of this article is to establish ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Bisṭāmī’s (d. 858/1454) part in the process of building al-Būnī’s legend. Indeed, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Bisṭāmī’s renowned Shams al-āfāq fī ʿilm al-ḥurūf wa-l-awfāq (The Sun of the Horizons: The Science of Letters and Magic Squares) established al-Būnī the premier authority in the science of letters. Although the Shams al-āfāq clearly aimed to position the science of letters in a mythical background (with biblical references, for example), it also portrayed the Sufi environment in which al-Būnī was thought to live. The biographical notices in which al-Būnī is quoted can help us to understand how al-Bisṭāmī wrote an apparently self-consistent picture of the emergence and transmission of the science of letters. Moreover, some mystical pedigrees in the Shams al-āfāq indicate that this treatise must be one of the sources of the later Shams al-maʿārif al-kubrā since they are almost identical in both texts. Thus, the Shams al-āfāq was an important stage in the diffusion of the image of the figure of al-Būnī and the works attributed to him.

La figure d’al-Būnī (m. 622/1225) devint la plus importante autorité dans la science des lettres (ou sīmiyāʾ) à partir du xive siècle. Sa vie n’était pas très bien connue au Moyen Âge mais des notices hagiographiques circulaient. Le but de cet article est de mettre en évidence le rôle de ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Bisṭāmī (m. 859/1454) dans la formation de la légende entourant al-Būnī. En effet, son célèbre Shams al-āfāq fī ʿilm al-ḥurūf wa-l-awfāq (Le soleil des horizons: la science des lettres et des carrés magiques) fit d’al-Būnī une autorité majeure dans la science des lettres. Bien que ce travail a clairement pour but de resituer la science des lettres dans un contexte pseudo-historique légendaire (avec des références bibliques par exemple), il décrit également le milieu soufi dans lequel al-Būnī était réputé avoir vécu. Les notices biographiques dans lesquelles al-Būnī est mentionné peuvent nous aider à comprendre comment al-Bisṭāmī écrivit un panorama de l’émergence et de la transmission de la science des lettres cohérent en apparence. En outre, quelques chaînes de transmission du Shams al-āfāq indiquent que ce traité fut une des sources du Shams al-maʿārif al-kubrā. Ainsi, le Shams al-āfāq fut une étape importante dans la diffusion de la figure d’al-Būnī et des ouvrages qui lui furent attribués.

This article is in French.
Sufism contra Shariah? Shāh Walī Allāh’s Metaphysics of Waḥdat al-Wujūd
Authors: Faruque Muhammad U.
Published: May 2016

This study analyzes the contested relationship between Sufism and the Shariah and Shāh Walī Allāh’s problematic of waḥdat al-wujūd. Some Sufis describe Sufism or taṣawwuf as the inner reality of the Shariah while others see it as the inward dimension of Islam. Drawing on a variety of classical sources, Walī Allāh stresses that accepting waḥdat al-wujūd does not mean one is being less faithful to the tenets of the Shariah, as it safeguards God’s transcendence vis-à-vis the world. Walī Allāh belabors to clarify various misconceptions that bedevil it. His views on waḥdat al-wujūd are largely in alignment with that of the school of Ibn ʿArabī, although he seems to add new dimensions to it at times. He also asserts that a Sufi sage’s (ḥakīm) understanding of the term differs from that of the uninitiate. In addition, he affirms that waḥdat al-wujūd does not negate the multiplicity of the cosmos, even though wujūd is one.
The Return to Ethiopia of the Twelve Tribes of Israel
Authors: Bonacci Giulia
Published: May 2016

Twenty-eight years ago, F.J. van Dijk published in the New West Indian Guide what remained for a long time the only scholarly paper on the Twelve Tribes of Israel. Undoubtedly the largest Rastafari organization both in terms of membership and international expansion, the Twelve Tribes of Israel remains little known in public and academic circles. This article fills two major but closely related gaps in Van Dijk’s seminal article. The first is information on the formation and history of the Twelve Tribes, and the second is how the organization mobilized the return of members to Africa, a cornerstone of Rastafari belief. This article argues that the issue of return to the continent determined the very genesis of the organization and subsequently the development of its eighteen international branches. In its turn, this focus on return to Africa offers another perspective on the internal dynamics of the Rastafari movement, namely the structuring role of Rastafari organizations, a role which challenges the common image of Rastafari as an “acephalous” movement. Exploring the tangible relationship of Rastafari with Ethiopia, through the return to Ethiopia of members of the Twelve Tribes of Israel, offers new insight into the history of the Rastafari movement.
Phyllagathis guidongensis (Melastomataceae), a new species from Hunan, China
Authors: TIAN JING , PEN LING , ZHOU JIAN-CHENG , TIAN XUE-HUI , YI REN-YUAN , LIU LEI , CAI XIU-ZHEN , KUANG REN-PING , LIU KE-MING
Published: May 2016

Phyllagathis guidongensis K. M. Liu & J. Tian, a new species of Melastomataceae from Hunan Province, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to Phyllagathis stenophylla, but it is obviously different from the latter by its creeping stolons 10–30 cm long, prostrate lower part of the stems narrowly elliptic leaf blade, 1.8–3.0 × 0.5–1.0 cm, apex obtuse or shortly acuminate, both sides sparsely covered with bristles and villose, adaxial surface densely covered with yellow glandular dots solitary flowers, and capsules not obviously angulate.
Sustainable Sizing
Authors: Robinette Kathleen M. , Veitch Daisy
Published: May 2016

Objective:

To provide a review of sustainable sizing practices that reduce waste, increase sales, and simultaneously produce safer, better fitting, accommodating products.

Background:

Sustainable sizing involves a set of methods good for both the environment (sustainable environment) and business (sustainable business). Sustainable sizing methods reduce (1) materials used, (2) the number of sizes or adjustments, and (3) the amount of product unsold or marked down for sale. This reduces waste and cost. The methods can also increase sales by fitting more people in the target market and produce happier, loyal customers with better fitting products. This is a mini-review of methods that result in more sustainable sizing practices. It also reviews and contrasts current statistical and modeling practices that lead to poor fit and sizing. Fit-mapping and the use of cases are two excellent methods suited for creating sustainable sizing, when real people (vs. virtual people) are used. These methods are described and reviewed. Evidence presented supports the view that virtual fitting with simulated people and products is not yet effective.

Conclusions:

Fit-mapping and cases with real people and actual products result in good design and products that are fit for person, fit for purpose, with good accommodation and comfortable, optimized sizing. While virtual models have been shown to be ineffective for predicting or representing fit, there is an opportunity to improve them by adding fit-mapping data to the models. This will require saving fit data, product data, anthropometry, and demographics in a standardized manner. For this success to extend to the wider design community, the development of a standardized method of data collection for fit-mapping with a globally shared fit-map database is needed. It will enable the world community to build knowledge of fit and accommodation and generate effective virtual fitting for the future.

Application:

A standardized method of data collection that tests products’ fit methodically and quantitatively will increase our predictive power to determine fit and accommodation, thereby facilitating improved, effective design. These methods apply to all products people wear, use, or occupy.
A numerical study on the friction and wear predictions of finger lock chuck in landing gear
Authors: Zhang Ming , Jiang Rongmin , Nie Hong
Published: May 2016

Locking mechanism is an important part of landing gear, which is required to lock retractable landing gear during taking off and landing processes of aircraft. This paper introduces an effective numerical simulation forecasting method to investigate the friction and wear of unworn finger lock chuck, where an associated experiment was conducted to verify the correctness of the method. The dynamic explicit procedure was adopted in the simulation process with Abaqus/Explicit solver, the user subroutine VFRIC integrated in the commercial package ABAQUS was coded to study the rate-dependent dynamic friction coefficient during the movement of unworn finger lock chuck. The friction simulation results indicate that large deformation occurs in the finger lock chuck during the unlocking–locking process and the maximum stress lies in the root zone of finger lock chuck, the difference of axial acting force between simulation results and experiment results of unworn finger lock is small. From the perspective of frictional energy dissipation, nodal frictional energy density rate within contact footprint regions was taken as the index to assess the wear severity. Python language commands were programmed to realize the secondary development of ABAQUS post-process, the nodal frictional energy density rate distribution in contact footprint regions of finger lock chuck was graphically displayed. The wear simulation results show that the nodal frictional energy density rate distribution of finger lock chuck concentrates significantly at the regions of two rounded corners in the raised portion of chuck and inner side surface of the raised platform, indicating that wear first occurs in these regions after the unworn finger lock chuck is put into use. The wear simulation results obtained was compared with a worn finger lock chuck after 500 times disengagement-stuck processing wear test, and the results are basically accordant.
A study of the nanocomposite sandwich structures for broadband microwave absorption and flexural strength
Authors: Khurram AA , Raza M Aamir , Zhou Peiheng , Subhani Tayyab
Published: May 2016

Composite sandwich structures are devised to work in a wide frequency of the microwave band. The microwave absorbing properties of composite sandwich structures are studied in 2–18 GHz frequency band. The sandwich structures were manufactured from E-glass fiber/epoxy composites filled with carbon nano-materials and para-aramid honeycomb cores. The complex permittivity of E-glass/epoxy nanocomposites and adhesive films are determined in 8–12 GHz frequency range using free-space measurement setup. The complex permittivity data were used to design the sandwich structures by varying composition and thickness of nanocomposite sheets using a simulation tool Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio. In the designing process, the thickness of honeycomb sheets was also varied to get best spacer thickness for the cancellation of reflected and transmitted microwaves. The simulated and measured results have shown that the designed structure can be used for −10 dB Reflection coefficient over a wide frequency ranges in the microwave region. The results of flexural strength of the sandwich structure and tensile strength of facing sheets are also presented.
Novel mutations in RASGRP2, which encodes CalDAG-GEFI, abrogate Rap1 activation, causing platelet dysfunction
Authors: Lozano María Luisa , Cook Aaron , Bastida José María , Paul David S. , Iruin Gemma , Cid Ana Rosa , Adan-Pedroso Rosa , Ramón González-Porras José , Hernández-Rivas Jesús María , Fletcher Sarah J. , Johnson Ben , Morgan Neil , Ferrer-Marin Francisca , Vicente Vicente , Sondek John , Watson Steve P. , Bergmeier Wolfgang , Rivera José
Published: May 2016

Key Points

New function-disrupting mutations in CalDAG-GEFI, p.S381F and p.R113X, were identified in 2 unrelated families of distinct ethnic origin. Homozygous carriers of these mutations displayed relevant bleeding diathesis and moderate impairment and/or delay in platelet aggregation.
Simulation and modeling of ultrasonic pitch-catch through-tubing logging
Authors: Viggen Erlend Magnus , Johansen Tonni Franke , Merciu Ioan-Alexandru
Published: May 2016

Cased petroleum wells must be logged to determine the bonding and hydraulic isolation properties of the sealing material and to determine the structural integrity status. Although ultrasonic pitch-catch logging in single-casing geometries has been widely studied and is commercially available, this is not the case for logging in double-casing geometries despite its increasing importance in plug and abandonment operations. It is therefore important to investigate whether existing logging tools can be used in such geometries. Using a finite-element model of a double-casing geometry with a two-receiver pitch-catch setup, we have simulated through-tubing logging, with fluid between the two casings. We found that there appears a cascade of leaky Lamb wave packets on both casings, linked by leaked wavefronts. By varying the geometry and materials in the model, we have examined the effect on the pulse received from the second wave packet on the inner casing, sometimes known as the third interface echo. The amplitude of this pulse was found to contain information on the bonded material in the outer annulus. Much stronger amplitude variations were found with two equally thick casings than with a significant thickness difference; relative thickness differences of up to one-third were simulated. Finally, we have developed a simple mathematical model of the wave packets’ time evolution to encapsulate and validate our understanding of the wave packet cascade. This model shows a more complex time evolution in the later wave packets than the exponentially attenuated primary packet, which is currently used for single-casing logging. This indicates that tools with more than two receivers, which could measure wave packets’ amplitude at more than two points along their time evolution, would be able to draw more information from these later packets. The model was validated against simulations, finding good agreement when the underlying assumptions of the model were satisfied.
Modeling human diseases: an education in interactions and interdisciplinary approaches
Authors: Zon Leonard
Published: May 2016

Traditionally, most investigators in the biomedical arena exploit one model system in the course of their careers. Occasionally, an investigator will switch models. The selection of a suitable model system is a crucial step in research design. Factors to consider include the accuracy of the model as a reflection of the human disease under investigation, the numbers of animals needed and ease of husbandry, its physiology and developmental biology, and the ability to apply genetics and harness the model for drug discovery. In my lab, we have primarily used the zebrafish but combined it with other animal models and provided a framework for others to consider the application of developmental biology for therapeutic discovery. Our interdisciplinary approach has led to many insights into human diseases and to the advancement of candidate drugs to clinical trials. Here, I draw on my experiences to highlight the importance of combining multiple models, establishing infrastructure and genetic tools, forming collaborations, and interfacing with the medical community for successful translation of basic findings to the clinic.
The Nim1 kinase Gin4 has distinct domains crucial for septin assembly, phospholipid binding and mitotic exit
Authors: Au Yong Jie Ying , Wang Yan-Ming , Wang Yue
Published: May 2016

In fungi, the Nim1 protein kinases, such as Gin4, are important regulators of multiple cell cycle events, including the G2–M transition, septin assembly, polarized growth and cytokinesis. Compelling evidence has linked some key functions of Gin4 with the large C-terminal non-kinase region which, however, is poorly defined. By systematically dissecting and functionally characterizing the non-kinase region of Gin4 in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, we report the identification of three new domains with distinct functions: a lipid-binding domain (LBD), a septin-binding domain (SBD) and a nucleolus-associating domain (NAD). The LBD and SBD are indispensable for the function of Gin4, and they alone could sufficiently restore septin ring assembly in GIN4-null mutants. The NAD localizes to the periphery of the nucleolus and physically associates with Cdc14, the ultimate effector of the mitotic exit network. Gin4 mutants that lack the NAD are defective in spindle orientation and exit mitosis prematurely. Furthermore, we show that Gin4 is a substrate of Cdc14. These findings provide novel insights into the roles and mechanisms of Nim1 kinases in the regulation of some crucial cell cycle events.
Separating underwater ambient noise from flow noise recorded on stereo acoustic tags attached to marine mammals
Authors: von Benda-Beckmann Alexander M. , Wensveen Paul J. , Samara Filipa I.P. , Beerens S. Peter , Miller Patrick J. O.
Published: May 2016

Sound recording acoustic tags attached to marine animals are commonly used in behavioural studies. Measuring ambient noise is of interest to understand responses of marine mammals to anthropogenic underwater sound, or to assess their communication space. Noise of water flowing around the tag reflects the speed of the animal, but hinders ambient noise measurement. Here we describe a correlation-based method for stereo acoustic tags to separate the relative contributions of flow and ambient noise. The uncorrelated part of the noise measured in DTAG recordings related well to animal swim speed of a humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), thus providing a robust measure of flow noise over a wide frequency bandwidth. By removing measurements affected by flow noise, consistent ambient noise estimates were made for two killer whales (Orcinus orca) with DTAGs attached simultaneously. The method is applicable to any multi-channel acoustic tag, enabling application to a wide range of marine species.
Δύο σημειώματα του Ανδρέα Λασκαράτου
Authors: Χαριτάτος Μάνος
Published: May 2016

No abstract
Psychodrama Intervention for Female Service Members Using the Therapeutic Spiral Model
Authors: Perry Rebecca , Saby Kyla , Wenos Jeanne , Hudgins Kate , Baller Stephanie
Published: May 2016

This study assessed the ability of the Therapeutic Spiral Model to increase self-esteem and occupational participation while decreasing hopelessness in military women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A participant group (n = 7) and comparison group (n = 6) of military women with PTSD were given pretests: the Beck Hopelessness and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scales. Participants attended a Therapeutic Spiral Model workshop. Both groups were given posttests and a semistructured interview. Participants in the group with clinical PTSD diagnoses increased self-esteem and decreased hopelessness. The comparison group decreased self-esteem and increased hopelessness. Participants gained insight into their traumatic experiences and tools to increase participation in roles and activities. Results support the use of psychodrama intervention with female military populations with PTSD.
Neuropsychodrama in the Treatment of Relational Trauma: Relational Trauma Repair—An Experiential Model for Treating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder1
Authors: Dayton Tian
Published: May 2016

Neuropsychodrama is a trauma-informed approach to the use of psychodrama. It is experiential, role oriented, and relational; particular attention is paid to what clients experience when they enter the trauma vortex, or the reliving that is often a part of healing from trauma. Relational Trauma Repair, is an experiential, psychoeducational model for treating posttraumatic stress disorder. Clients are led through an experiential, sociometric process that is integrated with research findings on trauma, grief, and positive psychology. The model guides group members through a fluid process that creates “teachable moments” as it heals. Individual growth and learning is often motivated and stimulated through participating with other group members. Relational Trauma Repair teaches about the range of symptoms involved in grief and posttraumatic stress disorder while inspiring clients to reach for positive emotions and forgiveness.
Improving the patient experience with real-time PICC placement confirmation
Authors: Bidgood Claire
Published: May 2016

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are now widely used in health care. The use of ultrasound and the micro introducer set have led to an increase in successful insertion rates. However, malposition can still be a problem. This can lead to delays in treatment, increase in procedure time and repeated chest X-rays as well as placement failure. Evolving technologies mean that these challenges can now be overcome. This article describes how a tracking and tip confirmation system (Sherlock 3CG Tip Confirmation System, CR Bard) was used to improve the patient experience during PICC placements by preventing malposition and delays in the start of treatment. Of 88 PICCs placed with the system, all were in an acceptable position when confirmed by chest X-ray and therefore none required any further adjustments post insertion.
Rating course quality using the National Student Survey
Authors: Higginson Ray
Published: May 2016

Ray Higginson, Senior Lecturer, University of South Wales, discusses whether a multiple-choice questionnaire is a valid and reliable way of measuring course quality for nursing degree courses
Politics and palliative care: Egypt
Authors: Smyth Dion
Published: May 2016

Dion Smyth's review of the internet for palliative nursing
Nails or plates for fracture of the distal femur?
Authors: Hoskins W. , Sheehy R. , Edwards E. R. , Hau R. C. , Bucknill A. , Parsons N. , Griffin X. L.
Published: May 2016

Aims

Fractures of the distal femur are an important cause of morbidity. Their optimal management remains controversial. Contemporary implants include angular-stable anatomical locking plates and locked intramedullary nails (IMNs). We compared the long-term patient-reported functional outcome of fixation of fractures of the distal femur using these two methods of treatment.

Patients and Methods

A total of 297 patients were retrospectively identified from a State-wide trauma registry in Australia: 195 had been treated with a locking plate and 102 with an IMN. Baseline characteristics of the patients and their fractures were recorded. Health-related quality-of-life, functional and radiographic outcomes were compared using mixed effects regression models at six months and one year.

Results

There was a clinically relevant and significant difference in quality-of-life at six months in favour of fixation with an IMN (mean difference in EuroQol-5 Dimensions Score (EQ-5D) = 0.12; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.22; p = 0.025). There was weak evidence that this trend continued to one year (mean difference EQ-5D = 0.09; 95% CI -0.01 to 0.19; p = 0.073). There was a significant although very small reduction in angular deformity using an IMN (mean difference -1.02; 95% CI -1.99 to -0.06; p = 0.073). There was no evidence that there was a difference in any other outcomes at any time point. Take home message: IMN may be a superior treatment compared with anatomical locking plates for fractures of the distal femur. These findings are concordant with other data from pilot randomised studies which favour treatment of these fractures with an IMN. This study strongly supports the need for a definitive randomised trial. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:846–50.
Missed cervical spine injuries
Authors: Craxford S. , Bayley E. , Walsh M. , Clamp J. , Boszczyk B. M. , Stokes O. M.
Published: May 2016

Aim

Identifying cervical spine injuries in confused or comatose patients with multiple injuries provides a diagnostic challenge. Our aim was to investigate the protocols which are used for the clearance of the cervical spine in these patients in English hospitals.

Patients and Methods

All hospitals in England with an Emergency Department were asked about the protocols which they use for assessing the cervical spine. All 22 Major Trauma Centres (MTCs) and 141 of 156 non-MTCs responded (response rate 91.5%).

Results

Written guidelines were used in 138 hospitals (85%). CT scanning was the first-line investigation in 122 (75%). A normal CT scan was sufficient to clear the cervical spine in 73 (45%). However, 40 (25%) would continue precautions until the patient regained full consciousness. MRI was performed in all confused or comatose patients with a possible cervical spinal injury in 15 (9%). There were variations in the grade and speciality of the clinician who had responsibility for deciding when to discontinue precautions. A total of 31 (19%) reported at least one missed cervical spinal injury following discontinuation of spinal precautions within the last five years. Only 93 (57%) had a formal mechanism for reviewing missed injuries. Take home message: There are significant variations in protocols and practices for the clearance of the cervical spine in multiply injured patients in acute hospitals in England. The establishment of trauma networks should be taken as an opportunity to further standardise trauma care. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:825–8.
Household human development index and measurement: a study of Muslims in Kashmir
Authors: Naik Asif , Selvarajan E.
Published: May 2016

Sustainable development of Muslims in India is one of the major challenges before the planners and policy makers particularly in the State of Jammu and Kashmir at a phase when India has registered growth in all spheres of life. Yet, the major question that still remains unanswered is as how far have the Muslims of Jammu and Kashmir benefited from the fruits of development (Naik 2013, 143-49). The answer particularly depends upon the ways through which development is conceived and measured. The development strategies must aim at the integration of the people of the region of Kashmir with rest of the country (Naik 2015, 614-616). The present paper attempts to measure human development of the Muslim households of Kashmir regions. Further, it attempts to examine the interrelationship among various indicators of HDI and will depict the extent of achievements of the surveyed villages ranking them as per their human development index adopted. It also suggests policy measures to improve HDI in the study region.
Identificação de competências docentes para o uso do ABP no ensino de química
Authors: Alves Vitor Antônio Souza , Monteiro da Costa Danielle Rodrigues , Martins Vitor Willian Batista
Published: May 2016

Muitas críticas ao ensino tradicional referem-se à ação passiva do aprendiz que frequentemente é tratado como mero ouvinte das informações que o professor expõe. Esta pesquisa objetivou identificar quais as competências necessárias aos docentes do Ensino de Química para utilização da metodologia da ABP. O estudo foi realizado com uma amostra de 2 (dois) docentes e 27 (vinte e sete) discentes, onde aplicou-se um questionário estruturado com análise de 9 competências desejáveis para o uso da ABP no Ensino de Química. Os dados foram tratados e mensurados de acordo com a média das respostas dos discentes, comparando com as respostas dos docentes, afim de identificar quais competências devem ser potencializadas. Os resultados apresentados em gráficos apontam que as competências a serem potencializadas no docente A são: análise crítica, tomada de decisão consensual e gerenciamento de conflito; e as competências a serem potencializadas no docente B são: condução de reunião, resolver problemas e tomada de decisão consensual. As competências abordadas como falhas no trabalho mostram as dificuldades estruturais, profissionais e pessoais de cada docente avaliado, criando um ciclo de problemas absorvidos podendo ser solucionados através do uso da ABP. Conclui-se que é necessário um treinamento com o corpo docente para a adoção do método e que precisam ser potencializadas as competências identificadas como prioridades a serem desenvolvidas. A quebra de cultura e a aceitação de uma nova forma de abordagem do ensino por parte dos discentes e docentes será o primeiro passo para a mudança
A influência do Programa Bolsa Família nas práticas alimentares das famílias do Território do Marajó, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Nascimento Elcio Costa do , Cruz Benedito Ely Valente da , Calvi Miqueias Freitas , Carvalho João Paulo Leão de , Reis Cristiano Cardoso dos , Gomes Dérick Lima
Published: May 2016

Este trabalho demonstra a influência do Programa Bolsa Família nos hábitos alimentares das famílias do território do Marajó, PA. Programas de transferência de renda têm se constituído como ferramenta efetiva no acesso à educação, à saúde e na garantia da segurança alimentar em países Latino-Americanos e do Caribe. Utilizando abordagem qualitativa e os procedimentos da entrevista semiestruturada, buscou-se informações que permitissem analisar a influência do Programa Bolsa Família nas práticas e nos hábitos alimentares das famílias marajoaras. Observou-se que o benefício tem impacto positivo no acesso a uma melhor alimentação, com maior variedade, tanto em quantidade quanto em qualidade e na elevação do padrão de vida dos entrevistados. Porém, o benefício teve pouca relevância no consumo de verduras e hortaliças, indicando a necessidade de atividades educativas juntos aos beneficiários, sobre a importância de dietas mais variadas e ricas em nutrientes provenientes de produtos naturais como frutas, verduras e vegetais, tornando as famílias agentes diretos nas ações de combate à insegurança alimentar no Território do Marajó.
Performances of PID and Different Fuzzy Methods
for Controlling a Ball on Beam
Authors: Minh Vu Trieu , Mart Tamre , Moezzi Reza , Oliver Mets , Martin Jurise , Ahti Polder , Leo Teder , Mart Juurma
Published: May 2016

This paper develops and analyses the performances
evaluation of different control strategies applied
for a nonlinear motion of a ball on a beam system. Comparison
results provide in-depth comprehension on the stable
ability of different controllers for this real mechanical
application. The three different controllers are a conventional
PID method, a Mamdani-type fuzzy rule method
and a Sugeno-type fuzzy rule method. In this study, the
PID shows the fastest sinuous reference tracking while the
Mamdani-type fuzzy method proves the highest stability
performance for tracking square wave motions.
The slice spectral sequence for the C4$C_{4}$ analog of real K-theory
Authors: Hill Michael A. , Hopkins Michael J. , Ravenel Douglas C.
Published: May 2016

We describe the slice spectral sequence
of a 32-periodic

C
4

$C_{4}$

-spectrum

K

[
2
]

$K_{[2]}$

related to the

C
4

$C_{4}$

norm

MU

(

(

C
4

)

)

=

N

C
2

C
4

⁢

MU
ℝ

${\mathrm{MU}^{((C_{4}))}=N_{C_{2}}^{C_{4}}\mathrm{MU}_{\mathbb{R}}}$

of the real cobordism spectrum

MU
ℝ

$\mathrm{MU}_{\mathbb{R}}$

. We will give
it as a spectral sequence of Mackey functors converging to the graded Mackey
functor

π
¯

*

⁢

K

[
2
]

$\underline{\pi}_{*}K_{[2]}$

, complete with differentials and exotic
extensions in the Mackey functor structure.
The slice spectral sequence for the 8-periodic real K-theory
spectrum

K
ℝ

$K_{\mathbb{R}}$

was first analyzed by Dugger. The

C
8

$C_{8}$

analog of

K

[
2
]

$K_{[2]}$

is 256-periodic and detects the Kervaire invariant
classes

θ
j

$\theta_{j}$

. A partial analysis of its slice spectral
sequence led to the solution to the Kervaire invariant problem, namely
the theorem that

θ
j

$\theta_{j}$

does not exist for

j
≥
7

${j\geq 7}$

.
Marie Curie und ihr Laboratoire: Frauenförderung avant la lettre?
Authors: Schürmann Astrid
Published: May 2016

Hat Marie Curie Frauenforderung avant la lettre betrieben? Entscheidend scheint mir zu sein, dass sie Frauen die Möglichkeit geboten hat, wissenschaftlich zu arbeiten, sei es durch ein Stipendium finanziell abgesichert oder als travailleur libre. Sie hat ihnen ihr Labor geöffnet, einen Arbeitsplatz zur Verfügung gestellt, ihnen neue Forschungsmethoden vermittelt und sie mit seltenen, teilweise sehr wertvollen radioaktiven Präparaten experimentieren lassen. Frauen konnten bei ihr eine Promotion anfertigen oder sich über die Kenntnis neuer Verfahren weiterqualifizieren. Da viele von ihnen Ausländerinnen waren, hat sie auf diesem Weg einen großen Beitrag zur Internationalisierung des Faches geleistet, hat Frauen wie Gleditsch den Aufbau einer radioaktiven Forschung in ihren Heimatländern geebnet. Sie hat so auch zu einem Netzwerk beigetragen, durch das Frauen sich gegenseitig unterstützen konnten. Sie hat ihnen die Erfahrungen eines Auslandsaufenthaltes, das Gespräch mit erfahrenen französischen Kollegen geboten. Und sie hat ihnen, nicht zuletzt, einen Aufenthalt in Paris geschenkt!

Dies scheint mir um so bemerkenswerter, als sie selbst als weithin sichtbare Frau in einer von Männern dominierten Wissenschaft sich in einer äußerst schwierigen Situation befand. Sie mußte vor allem um ihre eigene Reputation kämpfen, Kollegen und Studenten finden, die ihr die notwendige wissenschaftliche Unterstützung geben und den Ausbau ihres Labors fordern konnten. Sie hat ihren Erfolg gegen Anfeindungen, üble Nachreden und Verleumdungen verteidigt, internationale Kontakte ausgebaut und gepflegt und Frauen dadurch ein attraktives Rollenvorbild vermittelt. Aber erst seit sie im Ersten Weltkrieg die französische Armee mit den von ihr eingerichteten fahrbaren radiologischen Untersuchungswagen, den petits Curies, unterstützt hatte, wurde sie allmählich zu einer Ikone der französischen Wissenschaft, die heute in Umfragen unter den ersten Nennungen »Großer Franzosen« gleich hinter De Gaulle und Napoléon rangiert. 1996 wurde sie von »dem dankbaren Vaterland« in den patriotischen Olymp eingebürgert, als man sie in Anwesenheit des französischen Staatspräsidenten François Mitterand und seines polnischen Kollegen Lech Walesa zusammen mit ihrem Mann Pierre in das Panthéon umbettete. Curie ist bis heute die einzige Frau, die dort wegen ihrer Verdienste liegt.
Effect of fungal competition on decay rates in bicultured soil bottle assays
Authors: Kirker Grant T. , Bishell A.B. , Lebow Patricia K. , Clausen Carol A.
Published: May 2016

For decades, wood scientists and preservative formulators have employed the monocultured soil bottle assay to test efficacy of wood treatment in the laboratory as a rapid predictor of field performance. This study examines the effects of bicultured soil bottle assays on the decay by common wood decay fungi. Mycelial interactions were noted in early stages of colonization. With only two exceptions, a single fungus was apparent in each soil bottle, indicating dominance. The dominant fungi were not always the most efficient wood rots, and the rot type, white or brown, did not affect the dominance outcome on the preferred wood type.
Theory-practice transfer in health care - by scientific reflection of occupational area to care experts / Theorie-Praxis-Transfer in der Gesundheitsversorgung – durch wissenschaftliche Berufsfeldreflexion zum Versorgungsexperten
Authors: Arens-Fischer Wolfgang , Biedendieck Julia , Braun von Reinersdorff Andrea , Dinkelborg Katrin , Thiele Heike , Wolf Alexander Karsten
Published: May 2016

With the academization of practical health professions universities as well as universities of applied sciences are facing the challenge to qualify nurses and therapists for a field of profession which is not defined yet. Science has to answer the questions about the exact contents and the boundary of academic health professions to other professions, which are established in fields of activities within patient care for a long time. Furthermore, science has to show prospective developments. At this point the need of labour research in academic, practical professions of health care arises.

The concept of this contribution combines the further qualification with labour research in the professional field and aims to design modules of further education, which combine systematically the practical field of work with the contents of the module. The base is a didactical approach of a relation between theoretical and practical parts, known from dual study programs. A reflective oriented case study is the central instrument of the further education in every module. The participants have to use the theoretical contents of the module to reflect their practical field of work with a professional perspective. In doing so the participants become researcher in their own practice and at the same time the further education is used for a scientific reflection of their field of work which generates inputs for the development of the practice.
A Method of Minimizing the Variance of the Horvitz-Thompson Estimator in Selection with Unequal Probabilities without Replacement / Ein Verfahren zur Minimierung der Varianz des Horvitz-Thompson Schätzers bei Auswahl mit unterschiedlichen Wahrscheinlichkeiten ohne Zurücklegen
Authors: Schneeberger Hans
Published: May 2016

In this paper the variance of the Horvitz-Thompson estimator is minimized by an iterative method with the help of spline functions. As result an objective rule is given, how many of the units with greatest size must be taken apriori into the sample.
Deutschland im Steuerwettbewerb / Germany in Tax Competition
Authors: Sinn Hans-Werner
Published: May 2016

Die für 1997 in Deutschland geplante Steuerreform ist durch eine Verbreiterung der Bemessungsgrundlagen und eine Senkung der Steuersätze gekennzeichnet. Aufgrund theoretischer und empirischer Überlegungen wird gezeigt, daß diese Reform positive Wohlfahrtseffekte für Deutschland hat, die allerdings teilweise auf paradoxe Weise zustande kommen. Das Papier unterscheidet zwischen Investitionen, deren Erträge nach dem Quellenlandprinzip (z. B. Direktinvestitionen), und Investitionen, deren Erträge nach dem Wohnsitzlandprinzip besteuert werden (normale Investitionen, die auf dem Wege über die Finanzmärkte mit dem Ausland verbunden sind). Die Investitionen des ersten Typs werden durch die deutsche Reform trotz der geringfügigen Verschlechterung der Abschreibungsbedingungen, die mit ihr einhergeht, bessergestellt. Die Investitionen des zweiten Typs werden jedoch diskriminiert, weil sowohl die Verbreiterung der Bemessungsgrundlagen als auch die Senkung der Steuersätze zu einer Erhöhung der Kapitalkosten führt. Letzteres ist ein im Aufsatz empirisch ermitteltes Ergebnis, das seine theoretische Erklärung im Phänomen der Abschreibungsbeschleunigung hat (Steuerparadoxon). Die Anreizwirkungen beider Investitionstypen sind wohlfahrtserhöhend, obwohl sie in unterschiedliche Richtungen laufen. Der Grund liegt darin, daß die Reform in beiden Fällen die Lücke zwischen den sozialen Erträgen und den sozialen Kosten der Investition schließt. Sowohl eine anfangs vorliegende Diskriminierung der Investitionen des ersten Typs als auch eine anfangs vorliegende Subventionierung der Investitionen des zweiten Typs wird zurückgenommen.
Familiäre Arbeitsteilung unter Einbeziehung haushaltsinterner sozialer Anerkennung / The Division of Labor between Family Members and the Effects of Social Approval
Authors: Radke Petra
Published: May 2016

In den westlichen Industrienationen ist die Arbeitsmarktbeteiligung verheirateter Mütter in den letzten Jahrzehnten stark gestiegen. Bei den Ehemännern ist hingegen eine Reduzierung der Erwerbszeit zu beobachten. Dieser Trend zur Despezialisierung der Ehepartner läßt sich im Rahmen der Zeitallokationsmodelle der Neuen Haushaltstheorie nicht erklären. Diese prognostizieren eine extreme Spezialisierung der Partner. Abweichend von der Sichtweise der Neuen Haushaltstheorie wird in diesem Beitrag die Familie nicht ausschließlich als Produktionsgemeinschaft aufgefaßt, sondern darüber hinaus als soziale Institution modelliert. Durch eine Verknüpfung von Elementen der Sozialen Austauschtheorie mit solchen der Neuen Haushaltstheorie ist die Erosion der klassischen Arbeitsteilung erklärbar.
Alterssicherung – Quo vadis? / Old-Age Security – Quo vadis?
Authors: Schmähl Winfried
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend von wichtigen alterssicherungsrelevanten Strukturveränderungen werden grundlegende Konzeptionen der Alterssicherung skizziert: Versorgungs- und Versicherungskonzeptionen sowie Mindestsicherung und einkommensbezogene Sicherung. International zeigt sich eine zunehmende Beachtung der Vorsorgekonzeption, nicht nur durch vermehrte private Vorsorge, sondern auch bei der Gestaltung staatlicher Sicherungssysteme. Eine vorsorgeorientierte Strategie für die Weiterentwicklung der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung in Deutschland wird ökonomisch begründet, und wichtige Elemente einer solchen Entwicklungsstrategie werden aufgezeigt. Diskutiert werden einige aktuelle Vorschläge, insbesondere Änderungen der nettolohnbezogenen Rentenformel und Senkungen des Rentenniveaus, auch eine Koppelung von Altersgrenzen an Veränderungen der Lebenserwartung. Bei der Entscheidungsvorbereitung ist das isolierte Nebeneinander verschiedener Politikfelder zu überwinden, in umfassender Weise sind Konsequenzen von Reformvorschlägen in längerfristiger Perspektive und für die verschiedenen Generationen zu berücksichtigen. Hier liegen auch Aufgaben für die Forschung.