bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atuação do profissional de educação física em CAPS representada pelos demais profissionais do serviço
Authors: Figueiredo Sara Maria Teles de , Oliveira Braulio Nogueira de , Espírito-Santo Giannina do
Published: November 2020

O trabalho nos Centros de Atenção Psicossociais (CAPS) requer atuação em equipe, motivo pelo qual é relevante conhecer a representação social acerca de determinada categoria profissional. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a atuação do profissional de Educação Física nos CAPS, representada pelos demais profissionais de saúde inseridos nesse serviço. Com base na teoria das representações sociais foram realizadas entrevistas com 11 profissionais. A técnica do discurso do sujeito coletivo enquanto procedimento resultou em três discursos. O primeiro aponta para o reconhecimento principalmente pela promoção de atividades físicas, geralmente em grupos terapêuticos e seus efeitos. O segundo indica o desenvolvimento de trabalhos próprios do serviço, como acolhimento, rodas de conversa e estudos de caso, a potencialidade no desenvolvimento do vínculo e, mais timidamente, o desenvolvimento de atividades extramuros. No terceiro, o trabalho do profissional de Educação Física poderia ser melhor desenvolvido se houvesse espaço e material apropriado. Conclui-se que, para esses trabalhadores da saúde, a representação social da atuação da Educação Física ficou ancorada no trabalho em equipe nos diversos grupos terapêuticos e objetivada na mudança de comportamento para a melhoria da saúde.
A Dinâmica das aulas de práticas corporais numa unidade básica de saúde do município de Santos-SP
Authors: Borges Eduardo Oliveira , Oliveira Rogerio Cruz
Published: November 2020

O objetivo do estudo consistiu em compreender a dinâmica das aulas de práticas corporais de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de Santos-SP. Para tanto foi desenvolvida uma etnografia. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de observação participante. Observamos que as aulas obedeceram à organização clássica do treinamento desportivo. As aulas eram conduzidas pelo Profissional de Educação Física e ocorreram 2 vezes por semana com duração de 1 hora. O Profissional de Educação Física realizou uma prática com características acolhedora e escuta qualificada, favorecendo atenção integral e continua aos usuários. As aulas são desenvolvidas de modo coerente com as políticas públicas de saúde vigentes, sendo percebido ainda um compromisso, apreço e valorização do programa pelos usuários.
O desenvolvimento do curso de (licenciatura) educação física da UFLA:
Authors: Carneiro Kleber Tuxen , Da Silva Bruno Adriano Rodrigues
Published: November 2020

O artigo procurou analisar o desenvolvimento histórico do curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física da UFLA. Utilizou-se como método de análise a História Oral temática. Observando os dados cotejados, inferiu-se que o curso em questão apresentou um conjunto de catalisadores para o seu desenvolvimento, destacando-se num primeiro momento às atividades de ensino, a pesquisa e a extensão, como fundamentais para seu desenvolvimento, apesar do número reduzido de docentes que nele atuava. Pode-se constatar também, que o mesmo em seu decurso estabeleceu uma relação orgânica junto à cidade de Lavras, sendo o esporte o agente dinamizador dessa relação, em que pese os riscos de incorrer no “reducionismo epistemológico”, ao concebê-lo enquanto finalidade formativa para a área.
Desigualdades e privilégios no trabalho em saúde pública: percepções de profissionais de educação física
Authors: Neves Ricardo Lira de Rezende , Assumçao Luis Otávio Teles
Published: November 2020

Neste artigo analisamos as desigualdades e privilégios no trabalho em serviços de Saúde Pública de uma região de Goiânia. Fizemos entrevistas com nove profissionais de Educação Física de quatro instituições da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde desta cidade. O material coletado foi analisado a partir da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, com apoio do software Webqda. O acúmulo de determinado capital cultural traduzido em saberes e habitus, o tempo de experiência de intervenção, a divisão do trabalho e as hierarquias profissionais demonstram as disputas de poder no campo profissional, muitas vezes, com o próprio consentimento das profissões dominadas.
Associação entre bullying e variáveis sóciodemograficas de adolescentes de cidades pequenas do interior de Santa Catarina (SC) – Brasil
Authors: Zequinão Marcela Almeida , Pereira Beatriz , Trevisol Maria Teresa Ceron
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: analisar o bullying e as associações com variáveis sociodemográficas de adolescentes do interior de SC. Método: participaram 539 adolescentes do Oeste de SC. As variáveis sociodemográficas e os papéis de participação no bullying foram identificados pelo Questionário de Olweus. Resultado: verificou-se 22,8% de ocorrência de bullying com vítimas, agressores e vítimas-agressoras. Papéis no bullying associaram-se a sexo e prática de atividade física, com os meninos mais envolvidos em todos os papéis e os agressores e as vítimas-agressoras os que mais praticavam atividade física. Conclusão: a participação no bullying em cidades do interior é semelhante a nacional. Ressalta-se a importância de direcionamento das atividades físicas de forma assertiva para combater o bullying.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES NA PERSPECTIVA DISCENTE: uma narrativa da experiência
Authors: Vasconcelos Sandro Olímpio Silva , Marinho Márcia Machado , Marinho Emmanuel Silva , Medeiros Normândia de Farias Mesquita
Published: November 2020

A experiência é elemento essencial para a aprendizagem significativa, embora, na formação docente nem sempre se dê a devida atenção aos elementos que subjazem esse aspecto humano. Esse estudo analisa os discursos de 20 alunos da Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas que concluíram a disciplina Fundamentos de Filosofia das Ciências na Universidade Estadual do Ceará, UECE, campus de Iguatu, no ano de 2019. Escritos no formato de relatório de conclusão de disciplina, apresentam em linhas gerais um destaque do que foi vivido, características marcantes, e considerações acerca da forma como a disciplina foi ministrada. Considerando que a formação de professores leva em conta saberes objetivos, a prática de sala de aula implica em mediar as ações educativas a fim de que os alunos aprendam, daí que apenas conhecimentos técnicos não sejam suficientes para essa empreitada, requerendo saberes que são intuídos ao longo dos percursos para que sejam feitas corretamente as transposições didáticas.
Assessment of the Reproductive Health Status of Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in a River Impacted by Mercury from Clandestine Gold Mining: A Case Study of Bagoue River, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Guessan Augustin KOUAME N’ , PELEBE Rodrigue Orobiyi Edéya , BOUSSOU Koffi Charles , N’DOUBA Valentin
Published: November 2020

Pollution of aquatic ecosystems often results in adverse environmental disturbances, including individual and/or sub-individual changes in fish. The aim of the present study was to examine possible reproductive health effects in male and female, based on a histological assessment of Clarias gariepinus sampled in Bagoue River impacted by mercury from the artisanal gold mining. Fish were collected between August 2018 and April 2019 during two seasons from four stations differently impacted. A histological assessment was done on three target fish organs (liver, ovary and testis). Water and sediment samples were analysed for total mercury (T-Hg) concentration. Histological alterations were semi-quantitatively assessed, and the results were classified according to the severity of the histological response identified. Microscopic assessment revealed alterations of the gonads and liver tissues. A higher incidence of reaction pattern (Regressive changes, Inflammation and Circulatory disturbance) was found in liver tissues than in gonads tissues (Regressive changes). T-Hg levels were higher upstream than downstream in ovaries and testis tissues. Paradoxically, the lesions observed in these organs were more pronounced downstream than those found in fish from upstream during rainy season. According to total index, the organs examined downstream suffered severe damage unlike upstream sites. Also, comparison of degree of alteration between testes and ovaries indicates a greater impact of ovarian structures especially on downstream sites. The effect of anthropogenic impact appears to be visible downstream as the concentration of chemical pollutants and exposure time determine the severity of the damage. Alterations in ovarian follicles, spermatogenic cells and liver tissues may reflect damage to the process of gametogenesis, which may reduce the reproductive capacity of individuals over the long term.
The Effect of Mineral Supplementation on the Physiological Quality, Enzymes Activity and the Soybean Seedlings Development
Authors: Conceição Gerusa Massuquini , Martin Thomas Newton , Tabaldi Luciane Almeri , Fipke Glauber Monçon , Lima Charleston Dos Santos
Published: November 2020

The quality of soybean seeds is influenced by the amount of nutrients that are available for the germination and initial development of the seedlings. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of the nutritional content of the seeds and mineral supplementation via seed treatment on physiological quality, enzymatic activity and initial development of soybean seedlings. We assessed soybean seeds from two lots with low and high nutritional content, submitted or not to mineral supplementation via seed treatment. The physiological quality of seeds was assessed by the germination test and first germination count. The initial development of seedlings was evaluated by the tests of length and root system volume, shoot length, and cotyledons, roots and shoot dry matter. It was also determined the activity of α-amylase in cotyledons, acid phosphatase (APase) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) in the roots and shoot. Mineral supplementation via seed treatment positively influenced the physiological quality and development of seedlings, and the activity of α-amylase in the cotyledons, POD and APase enzymes in the shoot from the low nutrient lot. Low nutrient seeds have characteristics of soybean seedling production similar to those of high nutrient content by using mineral supplementation via seeds.
Association of Smoking and Drug Abuse with Treatment Failure in Individuals with Tuberculosis: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Serpoosh Homa , Hamidi Yadollah , Eini Payman , Mohammadi Younes
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Treatment failure in tuberculosis (defined as a positive sputum smear 5 months after the initiation of anti-TB treat-ment) is a major threat to the control over TB. This study aimed to investigate the association of smoking and drug abuse with treatment failure among individuals with TB. Material and methods: Out of 286 TB patients with available data registered by the health system of Hamadan Provinces in western Iran, 24 TB patients with treatment failure (positive sputum smear, 5 months after initiation of anti-TB treatment) and 262 patients without treatment failure (negative sputum smear, five months after initiation of anti-TB treatment) were selected as case and control groups, respectively. These two groups were compared to each other in terms of demographic status which include age, sex, job, residence, and risk factors such as smoking and drug abuse status. An odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval was used as a measure of association. The Bonferroni correction was used to counteract multiple comparisons, therefore, a p-value of less than 0.004 was statistically significant. Results: No significant association was found between treatment failure and age, residence, comorbidity, education level, job status, sex, smoking, and method of drug abuse (P > 0.004). However, a significant association was found between duration of smoking, number of cigarettes per day, and drug abuse with treatment failure in univariate analysis (P < 0.004). In multivariate analysis, only an association with drug abuse was significantly associated with treatment failure (P = 0.047). Conclusion: Drug abuse substantially increases the risk of treatment failure. Therefore, in order to control TB, it is suggested that preventive programs are designed in order to decrease drug abuse among TB patients before starting treatment.
Pneumomediastinum and Subcutaneous Emphysema after Noninvasive Ventilation in a COVID-19 Patient
Authors: Vazzana Natale , Ognibene Silvia , Dipaola Francesco
Published: November 2020

An 80-year-old man was admitted because of persistent fever and dyspnea [...]
A Young Non-Smoker with High ADA Pleural Effusion. It’s Not Always Tuberculosis
Authors: Chawla Gopal , Kansal Amrit Pal , Deokar Kunal
Published: November 2020

Lung cancer is posing an ever-increasing medical and social problem due to its increasing morbidity and mortality [...]
Life stories of people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Parchomiuk Monika
Published: November 2020

The article addresses the issue of life stories of people with intellectual disabilities, analysing their importance from an individual and group perspective. The potential of this method was highlighted referring to selected studies of people with intellectual disabilities. Functions designated by Elżbieta Dubas were used as the basis for the analysis. Competences relevant to the implementation of life stories have been considered, taking into account their possible limitations
in people with disabilities. The focus was on the properties of cognitive processes, but personality competences were also recognized. Potential difficulties related to implementation in this group were noted and ways of overcoming them were suggested. The usefulness of life stories and life histories for the practice of care and rehabilitation of people with intellectual disabilities has been shown.
Stereotypes of people with intellectual disabilities in the perception of high school students
Authors: Kazanowski Zdzisław
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of the analysis of differences between men and women in terms
of the intensity of stereotypical beliefs about people with intellectual disabilities. In the research,
a diagnostic survey method was used, and in the construction of the research tool the Questionnaire
of Stereotypical Perception of a Person with Mental Handicap (KSPOUU) by Maria Chodkowska
and Beata Szabała (Osoby z upośledzeniem umysłowym w stereotypowym postrzeganiu
społecznym, 2012) was used. The research involved 394 students, including 258 women (65.48%) and 136 men (34.52%) attending grades I, II or III of high school. As a result of the analyses carried out, it was found that although the level of intensity of stereotypes in the examined group was not high, they were not strongly rejected either. In addition, it turned out that the results obtained by women suggest that their beliefs about people with intellectual disabilities are less burdened with stereotypes than the beliefs of men. Research has confirmed that gender can be an important
variable in analysing the perception of people with intellectual disabilities.
Dispositivo vestível para auxiliar alunos tetraplégicos em ambientes escolares.
Authors: Silva Marcelo Martins da , Muniz Pedro , Oliveira Francisco Carlos de Mattos Brito , Silva Lidiane , Furtado Eder
Published: November 2020

Neste trabalho, propomos um dispositivo para auxiliar alunos tetraplégicos com a navegação em desktops para a realização de atividades escolares que necessitem de computadores. Abordamos a temática de tecnologias assistivas e justificamos a necessidade e a utilidade da proposta com bases nas leis e dados educacionais. O dispositivo desenvolvido é uma combinação de um headset com as funções de um mouse. Ele possui sensores que fazem a captura dos movimentos da cabeça do usuário e processam esses dados em tempo real.
App Inventor: ferramenta de autoria para a criação de aplicativos educacionais apropriados a crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista - TEA de Alto Funcionamento
Authors: Haslinger Evelin , Santos Jr Francisco Dutra dos , Silva Patrícia F. da
Published: November 2020

This challenge arises as a consequence of studies and reflections on pedagogical practices with the use of ?educational software for mobile devices?. The possibilities of using this resource in the classroom may be favorable to the educator as a technology accessible to the inclusion of students with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Given this context, our goal is to develop a ?QUIZ? for mobile devices - using the APP-inventor app aimed at improving the social interactions of students with high- functioning autism. Therefore, we believe that the application of a ?QUIZ? with school daily expressions, may improve social interactions as well as communication, a common difficulty that ASD students presents.
A Formal Language to Describe and Animate Signs in Brazilian Sign Language
Authors: Silva Danilo Assis Nobre dos S. , Araújo Tiago Maritan Ugulino de , Dantas Leonardo , Martins Vandhuy F. , Nóbrega Yúrika Sato , Lima Hozana Raquel Gomes de , Souza Filho Guido Lemos de
Published: November 2020

﻿In this paper, we propose the definition of a formal, expressive and consistent language to describe signs in Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS). This language allows the definition of all parameters (phonemes) of a sign and from this definition an animation is generated based on a 3D humanoid avatar. The proposed language is also flexible in the sense that it has mechanisms to include new parameters (or phonemes) “on the fly”. In order to provide a case study for the proposed language, a human computation system for collaborative construction of a LIBRAS vocabulary was also developed. This system, called WikiLIBRAS, allows deaf users and LIBRAS interpreters to describe signs and generate animations for signs in LIBRAS. Some preliminary tests with Brazilian deaf users and LIBRAS interpreters were also performed to evaluate the proposal. Our preliminary evaluation indicates that the proposed language can represent a significant number of signs in LIBRAS and WikiLIBRAS users can generate signs in LIBRAS more productively than 3D designers.
Traditional paintings and the digital medium
Authors: Guimarães Marcelo de Paiva , Dias Diego Colombo , Gnecco Bruno Barberi
Published: November 2020

We describe in this paper the experience of bringing a hyper-realistic painting by the Brazilian plastic artist Sônia Menna Barreto into the digital world, taking advantage of its interactive and animated possibilities to bring the work to life. To do that, we developed software to visualized the modeled painting in a multiprojection environment (mini CAVE), in digital TV devices and even smartphones and tablets. We also describe how natural interaction and navigation through the digital painting was accomplished by using Wii-remote and Kinect devices
KinectFusion for Faces: Real-Time 3D Face Tracking and Modeling Using a Kinect Camera for a Markerless AR System
Authors: Macedo Márcio Cerqueira de Farias , Apolinário Jr. Antônio Lopes , Souza Antonio Carlos dos Santos
Published: November 2020

In this paper we present an extension to the KinectFusion algorithm that allows a robust real-time face tracking and modeling using the Microsoft’s Kinect sensor. This is achieved changing two steps of the original algorithm: pre-processing and tracking. In the former, we use a real-time face detection algorithm to segment the face from the rest of the image. In the latter, we use a real-time head pose estimation to give a new initial guess to the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm when it fails and an algorithm to solve occlusion.Our approach is evaluated in a markerless augmented reality (MAR) system. We show that this approach can reconstruct faces and handle more face pose changes and variations than the original KinectFusion’s tracking algorithm. In addition, we show that the realism of the system is enhanced as we solve the occlusion problem efficiently at shader level.
Fast Simulation of Cloth Tearing
Authors: Souza Marco Santos , Wangenheim Aldo , Comunello Eros
Published: November 2020

Cloth simulation has many applications areas like computer animation, computer games or virtual reality. The simulation of cloth tearing is often a non-trivial process because it requires the capacity of dynamically updating different cloth representations and data structures. For interactive animations, this must be performed as fast as possible. We present a comprehensive description of a technique that can be used to simulate cloth being torn or cut. Despite simplistic and not physically accurate, it is fast and can provide visually pleasing results. Also, it can be easily adapted to work with nearly any cloth model. As an original contribution, we introduce an optimization of this technique by using an especially adapted half-edge data structure. We have implemented the techniques described in this paper in a physics simulator that was specially developed for a garment CAD system. Our tests have shown fast and attractive results.
Generation and Dramatization of Detective Stories
Authors: Barbosa Simone D.J. , Soares de Lima Edirlei , Furtado Antonio L. , Feijó Bruno
Published: November 2020

We introduce in the present paper an operationally defined subclass within the genre of detective stories, specified on the basis of the logic programming model adopted in our Logtell project. Special attention is given to the treatment of communicative events. An SWI-Prolog plan-based tool was developed to compose consistent plots, conforming to the conventions of the genre. Seven criminal cases generated by the tool are described as illustration. It is shown, using the PlotBoard interface, how to run plan-based composition in interactive stepwise mode. We have also developed a storytelling system capable of representing the stories in the format of interactive comic books on tablet computers.
Guest Editorial: Foreword to the Special Issue of the XVI Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality
Authors: Guimarães Marcelo
Published: November 2020

Guest Editorial
A comparative study of grayscale conversion techniques applied to SIFT descriptors
Authors: Macêdo Samuel , Melo Givânio , Kelner Judith
Published: November 2020

In computer vision, gradient-based tracking is usually performed from monochromatic inputs. However, a few research studies consider the influence of the chosen color-tograyscale conversion technique. This paper evaluates the impact of these conversion algorithms on tracking and homography calculation results, both being fundamental steps of augmented reality applications. Eighteen color-to-greyscale algorithms were investigated. These observations allowed the authors to conclude that the methods can cause significant discrepancies in the overall performance. As a related finding, experiments also showed that pure color channels (R, G, B) yielded more stability and precision when compared to other approaches.
Real-Time Screen Space Cartoon Water Rendering with the Iterative Separated Bilateral Filter
Authors: Neto Liordino dos S. Rocha , Jr. Antonio L. Apolinário
Published: November 2020

We present the improvements and new results of our method for rendering particle-based liquid simulations that runs in real-time and includes an adjustable performance/quality trade-off. Our approach smooths the fluid surface with an iterative version of the separated bilateral filter, and introduces a new method for generating foam and droplets that is appropriate for non-photorealistic styles. The entire method occurs in screen space, which avoids the usual artifacts of polygonization techniques. All the steps are implemented directly in the graphics hardware. Improvements include a new method to generate foam and droplets, visual enhancements in the optical effects generated by the interaction between water and light, and tests in a environment with support to collision of water particles with rigid bodies. Performance and visual analysis that includes comparisons with previous methods shows the applicability of our approach.
Muḥammad Fużūlī’s The Debate of Weed and Wine (Beng ü Bāde) Revisited: Towards a New Interpretation
Authors: Péri Benedek
Published: November 2020

Muḥammad Fużūlī’s (d. 1556) Beng ü Bāde (The Debate of Weed and Wine), a short narrative poem written sometime between 1510 and 1524 by one of the outstanding authors of the classical Turkish literary tradition, has induced many scholars to come forward with an interpretation. A common feature of all these attempts is that they look at Fużūlī’s work as a unique text and tend to forget that there are two other versions of the story. Yūsuf Amīrī’s Beng ü Çaġır was written in Central Asian Turkic in the early fifteenth century and the recently found Esrār-nāme was composed in Ottoman. The present paper aims to give a short description of the Esrār-nāme and provide the reader with a new interpretation of Fużūlī’s Beng ü Bāde, in light of the comparative analysis of the three texts.
Inverse Scattering Source Problems
Authors: “Nora” Entekhabi Mozhgan
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss some of the highlights of the mathematical theory of direct and inverse scattering and inverse source scattering problem for acoustic, elastic and electromagnetic waves. We also briefly explain the uniqueness of the external source for acoustic, elastic and electromagnetic waves equation. However, we must first issue a caveat to the reader. We will also present the recent results for inverse source problems. The resents results including a logarithmic estimate consists of two parts: the Lipschitz part data discrepancy and the high frequency tail of the source function. In general, it is known that due to the existence of non-radiation source, there is no uniqueness for the inverse source problems at a fixed frequency.
Biotechnological Approaches to Facilitate Gold Recovery from Double Refractory Gold Ores
Authors: Sasaki Keiko , T. Konadu Kojo
Published: November 2020

Double refractory gold ore (DRGO) not only include ppt levels of gold grains locked in sulfide minerals but also a problematic amount of carbonaceous matter. This causes a significant recovery loss of gold during cyanidation because of the strong affinity of the Au(CN)2− with the carbonaceous matter. Combustion decreases the carbonaceous matter content, but also emits pollutant gases like CO2, SO2 and As2O3. Therefore, environmentally-friendly solutions have been explored by using biotechnology. Due to the very small amount of the above targets in the ore, it is challenging to show evidential changes in solid-phase before and after the biomineral processing of DRGO. This chapter introduces the mineralogical and chemical changes in the various solid residues produced during a sequential biotreatment, consisting of the liberation of gold from sulfides by an iron-oxidizer and decomposition of carbonaceous matter by lignin-degrading enzymes (lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, laccase) secreted from a white rot-fungus, which successfully improved of gold recovery to over 90%. In addition, further development of biotechnology in the recovery of gold from DRGO is addressed.
Laser Surface Modification of Materials
Authors: Jeyaprakash Natarajan , Yang Che-Hua , Raj Kumar Durairaj
Published: November 2020

The metallic materials such as steel, iron, titanium and nickel alloys etc., are extensively used in the automobile, marine, biomedical, aerospace, chemical industry and power generation sector. However, the poor surface properties restricted their wide usage in many applications. Therefore, the surface properties need to be enhanced through novel treatments without affecting the bulk. In recent years, laser surface modification attracts more due to their inherent properties. The laser based surface altering process is appropriate to modify the metallic surfaces in terms of their flexibility, simple operation and process economy. Laser surface modification includes; surface hardening, melting, alloying, cladding and texturing. Thus, from a process engineering, metallurgical reasons and tribologist view point, the laser surface modification process can be recognized as an important topic.
A Common Misunderstanding of Intention
Authors: Furton Edward J. ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: November 2020

The moral act consists of object, intention, and circumstances. The word intention, as commonly used, is often mistaken for the technical meaning of the word intention as employed by philosophers. This produces confusion in the description of moral acts. The common use of intention signifies motive, or one's reason for action. We commonly say that someone has a good intention even though what he or she does is wrong. For example, we describe someone who wants to alleviate suffering, and so euthanizes a patient, as having a good intention. To the contrary, in the Catholic moral tradition, intention means an action that is done voluntarily and knowingly. A nurse who kills a patient has a bad intention because he or she acts freely and with knowledge. Alleviating suffering is indeed a good motive for action, but motives are formulated through deliberation prior to action.
Fine-scale computations for adaptive processing in the human brain
Authors: Zamboni Elisa , Kemper Valentin G , Goncalves Nuno Reis , Jia Ke , Karlaftis Vasilis M , Bell Samuel J , Giorgio Joseph , Rideaux Reuben , Goebel Rainer , Kourtzi Zoe
Published: November 2020

Adapting to the environment statistics by reducing brain responses to repetitive sensory information is key for efficient information processing. Yet, the fine-scale computations that support this adaptive processing in the human brain remain largely unknown. Here, we capitalise on the sub-millimetre resolution of ultra-high field imaging to examine functional magnetic resonance imaging signals across cortical depth and discern competing hypotheses about the brain mechanisms (feedforward vs. feedback) that mediate adaptive processing. We demonstrate layer-specific suppressive processing within visual cortex, as indicated by stronger BOLD decrease in superficial and middle than deeper layers for gratings that were repeatedly presented at the same orientation. Further, we show altered functional connectivity for adaptation: enhanced feedforward connectivity from V1 to higher visual areas, short-range feedback connectivity between V1 and V2, and long-range feedback occipito-parietal connectivity. Our findings provide evidence for a circuit of local recurrent and feedback interactions that mediate rapid brain plasticity for adaptive information processing.
A physical mechanism of TANGO1-mediated bulky cargo export
Authors: Raote Ishier , Chabanon Morgan , Walani Nikhil , Arroyo Marino , Garcia-Parajo Maria F , Malhotra Vivek , Campelo Felix
Published: November 2020

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein TANGO1 assembles into a ring around ER exit sites (ERES), and links procollagens in the ER lumen to COPII machinery, tethers, and ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) in the cytoplasm (Raote et al., 2018). Here, we present a theoretical approach to investigate the physical mechanisms of TANGO1 ring assembly and how COPII polymerization, membrane tension, and force facilitate the formation of a transport intermediate for procollagen export. Our results indicate that a TANGO1 ring, by acting as a linactant, stabilizes the open neck of a nascent COPII bud. Elongation of such a bud into a transport intermediate commensurate with bulky procollagens is then facilitated by two complementary mechanisms: (i) by relieving membrane tension, possibly by TANGO1-mediated fusion of retrograde ERGIC membranes and (ii) by force application. Altogether, our theoretical approach identifies key biophysical events in TANGO1-driven procollagen export.
Alpha-satellite RNA transcripts are repressed by centromere–nucleolus associations
Authors: Bury Leah , Moodie Brittania , Ly Jimmy , McKay Liliana S , Miga Karen HH , Cheeseman Iain M
Published: November 2020

Although originally thought to be silent chromosomal regions, centromeres are instead actively transcribed. However, the behavior and contributions of centromere-derived RNAs have remained unclear. Here, we used single-molecule fluorescence in-situ hybridization (smFISH) to detect alpha-satellite RNA transcripts in intact human cells. We find that alpha-satellite RNA-smFISH foci levels vary across cell lines and over the cell cycle, but do not remain associated with centromeres, displaying localization consistent with other long non-coding RNAs. Alpha-satellite expression occurs through RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription, but does not require established centromere or cell division components. Instead, our work implicates centromere–nucleolar interactions as repressing alpha-satellite expression. The fraction of nucleolar-localized centromeres inversely correlates with alpha-satellite transcripts levels across cell lines and transcript levels increase substantially when the nucleolus is disrupted. The control of alpha-satellite transcripts by centromere-nucleolar contacts provides a mechanism to modulate centromere transcription and chromatin dynamics across diverse cell states and conditions.
Differential effects of cotreatment of the antibiotic rifampin with host-directed therapeutics in reducing intracellular Staphylococcus aureus infection
Authors: Evans Melissa D. , Sammelson Robert , McDowell Susan
Published: November 2020

Background

Chronic infection by Staphylococcus aureus drives pathogenesis in important clinical settings, such as recurrent pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis and relapsing infection in osteomyelitis. Treatment options for intracellular S. aureus infection are limited. Rifampin, a lipophilic antibiotic, readily penetrates host cell membranes, yet monotherapy is associated with rapid antibiotic resistance and development of severe adverse events. Antibiotic cotreatment can reduce this progression, yet efficacy diminishes as antibiotic resistance develops. ML141 and simvastatin inhibit S. aureus invasion through host-directed rather than bactericidal mechanisms.

Objective

To determine whether cotreatment of ML141 or of simvastatin with rifampin would enhance rifampin efficacy.

Methods

Assays to assess host cell invasion, host cell viability, host cell membrane permeability, and bactericidal activity were performed using the human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293-A cell line infected with S. aureus (29213) and treated with vehicle control, simvastatin, ML141, rifampin, or cotreatment of simvastatin or ML141 with rifampin.

Results

We found cotreatment of ML141 with rifampin reduced intracellular infection nearly 85% when compared to the no treatment control. This decrease more than doubled the average 40% reduction in response to rifampin monotherapy. In contrast, cotreatment of simvastatin with rifampin failed to improve rifampin efficacy. Also, in contrast to ML141, simvastatin increased propidium iodide (PI) positive cells, from an average of 10% in control HEK 293-A cells to nearly 20% in simvastatin-treated cells, indicating an increase in host cell membrane permeability. The simvastatin-induced increase was reversed to control levels by cotreatment of simvastatin with rifampin.

Conclusion

Taken together, rifampin efficacy is increased through host-directed inhibition of S. aureus invasion by ML141, while efficacy is not increased by simvastatin. Considerations regarding novel therapeutic approaches may be dependent on underlying differences in pharmacology.
Hypoxia and metabolic inhibitors alter the intracellular ATP:ADP ratio and membrane potential in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells
Authors: Yang Mingming , Dart Caroline , Kamishima Tomoko , Quayle John M.
Published: November 2020

ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels couple cellular metabolism to excitability, making them ideal candidate sensors for hypoxic vasodilation. However, it is still unknown whether cellular nucleotide levels are affected sufficiently to activate vascular KATPchannels during hypoxia. To address this fundamental issue, we measured changes in the intracellular ATP:ADP ratio using the biosensors Perceval/PercevalHR, and membrane potential using the fluorescent probe DiBAC4(3) in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs). ATP:ADP ratio was significantly reduced by exposure to hypoxia. Application of metabolic inhibitors for oxidative phosphorylation also reduced ATP:ADP ratio. Hyperpolarization caused by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation was blocked by either 10 µM glibenclamide or 60 mM K+. Hyperpolarization caused by hypoxia was abolished by 60 mM K+but not by individual K+channel inhibitors. Taken together, these results suggest hypoxia causes hyperpolarization in part by modulating K+channels in SMCs.
A REVIEW ON THE STANDARD OPERATIVE PROCEDURE OF NASYA
Authors: Solanke Sunil , Kamre Sneha , Sushir Pavan , Chawre Sushil , Kabra Prakash
Published: November 2020

Ayurveda is the science, which deals with the maintenance of health and treats the disease. Rasayana Aushadhi, Pathya-Apathya, Dinacharya, Rutucharya etc are explained in Samhitas for maintaining the health. Nasya is one of the Panchakarma used for eradication of Urdhvajatrugat Dosha (disease of head and neck). Although Nasya is included in Shodhan Chikitsta, it has various other uses as Shaman for health maintenance and controlling the disease. Today’s lifestyle is very fast growing and having lack of time to look for their health issues. Nasya is the most preferred procedure as it consumes a very reasonable amount of time and can be performed easily as compared to other Panchakarma therapies like Vaman, Virechan and Basti. There is a need to have standard operative procedure, as its effect is largely dependent on the proper administration of Nasya. If this procedure is not followed properly and according to the classics, then there are chances of Vyapad (complications). This article will focus on the standardization of Nasya Karma procedure, Nasya Kal (timing at which Nasya is to be administered) and its importance in today’s lifestyle.
Security Evaluation of Pailiar Homormophic Encryption Scheme
Authors: Asiedu Daniel , Salifu Abdul-Mumin
Published: November 2020

In modern days of information security, much attention is drifted towards achieving the major security triad of privacy, authentication and availability. Pailiar homormophic encryption is one of the most widely area of pubic key encryption schemes researchers are exploring to enhance information security. In this paper, we presented an overview of the Pailiar cryptosystem. We further evaluated the security vulnerabilities in the cryptosystem. This was achieved through mathematical theorems and inductions. This is to present some open issues for further research to propose and implement a more robust security system based on the Pailiar homormophic encryption scheme.
Exploring the Potential of Biochar Activated with Phosphoric Acid towards Hexavalent Chromium Removal
Authors: Kalaiarasi R. , Parameswari E. , Davamani V. , Sharmila D. Jeya Sundara
Published: November 2020

The biochar derived from the dreadful weed water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was activated with phosphoric acid was utilized for adsorption of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) from the simulated solution. The characterization (Zeta potential, specific surface area, Scanning Electron Microscope analysis) of biochar was done to study the surface properties of the biochar. The modified biochar (379 m2g-1) recorded 49.80% greater surface area in comparison to the pristine biochar (253 m2g-1). Zeta potential of modified biochar is 4.2 mV and pristine biochar is -13.9 mV. Positively charged modified surface enhance the sorption of negatively charged Cr (VI) ions. Study on effect of pH and concentration revealed that maximum sorption occurred at pH 2 and the increasing trend of concentration resulted in the decreased sorption respectively. The isotherm study was well supported by Langmuir isotherm (R2 value=0.976) defining the monolayer adsorption. Maximum adsorption capacity was recorded for phosphoric acid modified biochar (50.0 mg g-1) than the pristine biochar (35.7 mg g-1). Pseudo second order kinetics (R2 value=0.998) sounds good in explaining the rate of reaction. The findings reflect the utility of acid modified Eichhornia crassipes for heavy metal removal from aqueous medium.
The Second Legacy of Henrietta Lacks
Authors: Menikoff Jerry
Published: February 2025

This Viewpoint considers unjust enrichment stemming from the use of biospecimens known as offering particular value without informing the patient or gaining consent, as in the case of Henrietta Lacks.
Benzocaine-Induced Methemoglobinemia After Nasogastric Tube Insertion
Authors: Williams Robert T. , Fischer Brett G.
Published: February 2025

This Teachable Moment describes an 87-year-old man who underwent fatal complications from the use of benzocaine spray for nasopharyngeal anesthesia before the insertion of a nasogastric tube.
Suicide and Suicidal Ideation Among Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Tan Jia Yang , Ge Genevieve , Low Chen Ee , Rana Sounak , Tan Tessa Ying Zhen , Fang Nicholas Bao Jun , Teo Joie Yi Yun , Yap Yu Ting , Yau Chun En , Lee Ainsley Ryan Yan Bin , Ho Cyrus Su Hui
Published: February 2025

Importance

Reliable estimates of the prevalence and risk of suicide and suicidal ideation (SI) among childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) are crucial in informing efforts to address this issue.

Objective

To systematically evaluate the prevalence and risk of suicide and SI among CCSs.

Data Sources

A literature search was conducted of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO from January 1, 2000, to November 17, 2024.

Study Selection

All noncontrolled and controlled studies that evaluated the prevalence and risk of suicide and SI and drew comparisons between CCSs and their counterparts. Studies including participants older than 25 years, no reported outcomes, case studies, case reviews, and review articles were excluded.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline was followed with prospective PROSPERO registration. Prevalence was pooled for single-arm studies. Relative risk ratio (RR) was pooled for double-arm studies. Metaprop was used to meta-analyze the prevalence of suicide and SI under a generalized linear mixed model. For dichotomous outcomes, meta-analyses were performed to compute the RR of the psychological outcome compared with controls.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Prevalence of suicide and SI, the RR of suicide and SI among CCSs compared with controls, and risk factors associated with suicidality outcomes.

Results

From 531 records, 16 studies were included. Studies on suicide included 148 869 participants and studies on SI included 20 140 participants. The prevalence of suicide among CCSs was 0.30% (0.13%-0.69%) and of SI was 9% (95% CI, 7%-11%). There was a significantly increased risk of SI among CCSs compared with controls (RR, 1.67 [95% Cl, 1.39-2.01]), but not of suicide (RR, 1.50 [95% CI, 0.63-3.62]). Subgroup analyses suggested that prevalence of SI is much higher during the active cancer period than years after (proportion, 0.14 [95% CI, 0.10-0.19] vs 0.08 [95% CI, 0.06-0.09]). The systematic review identified preexisting mental illness, poor physical health, older age, male sex, and being single as risk factors associated with suicidality outcomes.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this meta-analysis of suicide and SI among CCSs, the risk of suicide was no different among CCSs compared with controls, but CCSs had a higher risk of SI. Future studies are needed to explore suicidality outcomes among CCSs to guide targeted support policies.
Citation Context Analysis of Autism Mortality and Suicide Findings From Hirvikoski’s Landmark Study
Authors: Hand Brittany N. , Nikahd Melica , Wolf Bethany J. , Hyer J. Madison , Longo Anne , Gilmore Daniel , Bishop Lauren
Published: February 2025

This systematic review evaluates the accuracy of citations to a landmark study on premature mortality among autistic people.
Maternal Downward Neighborhood Income Mobility and Ensuing Severe Neonatal Morbidity
Authors: Jairam Jennifer A. , Cohen Eyal , Diong Christina , Berger Howard , Brown Hilary K. , Guan Jun , Ray Joel G.
Published: February 2025

This population-based cohort study examines changes in mothers’ neighborhood income between 2 consecutive births and associated morbidity/mortality outcomes in their newborns.
MXene 3D/4D Printing: Ink Formulation and Electrochemical Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Nouseen Shaista , Pumera Martin
Published: February 2025

2D MXenes are a rapidly expanding class of 2D materials with a broad spectrum of electrochemical applications, particularly in the electrochemical energy storage area. Concurrently, 3D and 4D printing techniques have garnered significant research attention offering customized designs, rapid prototyping, and cost‐effective scalable production. Integrating MXene into the 3D/4D printed structures offers a promising path for the development of advanced electrochemical energy storage devices, with the combination of outstanding properties of MXene and the versatility of printing technology. The present article provides a comprehensive report on MXene printing technologies, focusing on their rheological characteristics, surface chemistry, ink formulation, stability, and storage. Different printing techniques, including 3D/4D printing, screen printing, inkjet printing, and continuous liquid interface production (CLIP) methods—are discussed in the context of MXene integration. Additionally, the application of printed MXene materials in electrochemical energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors and batteries, is explored along with future directions in evolving fields.
Continuous Conjugated Polymer Network in Elastomer Matrix Arising from Solution‐State Aggregation and Film‐Forming Dynamics Favoring Mechanical and Electrical Properties
Authors: Zuo Jiaming , Jin Tianya , Li Hongxiang , Li Junhang , Liu Xinyu , Yu Xinhong , Han Yang , Han Yanchun
Published: February 2025

The continuous conjugated polymer network structure in an elastomer matrix is significant for carrier transport. However, high‐mobility conjugated polymers tend to form island‐like phase separation. Here, a strategy is proposed to achieve a continuous conjugated polymer network structure via weakening the intermolecular interaction between the conjugated polymer chains and fast aggregation between conjugated polymer backbones during the film‐forming process. This is enabled by hot spin‐coating poly(2,5‐bis(4‐hexyldodecyl)‐2,5‐dihydro‐3,6‐di‐2‐thienyl‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione‐alt‐thiophene) (PDPPT3) and polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐ran‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene (SEBS) blend hot solution at 130 °C. In the solution state, PDPPT3 is observed to form small aggregates at 130 °C due to the decreased intermolecular interaction. In the film‐forming process, these small aggregates grow rapidly and form a continuous network due to the enhanced polymer chain motion. In the meantime, the large‐scale phase separation is suppressed by the short film formation time. Eventually, a sandwich‐like vertical phase separation is generated, comprising a PDPPT3‐enriched continuous network at both the top and bottom surfaces. Under strain, this small‐scale phase separation PDPPT3 network can rotate freely and maintain sufficient connections for carrier transport. Finally, the optimized films exhibit 177% fracture strain and high average mobility of 0.99 cm2 V−1 s−1 over 500 stretch‐release cycles. This study offers a valuable approach for controlling morphology in blend systems.