bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperature Control in Acute Brain Injury: An Update
Authors: Lin Victor , Tian Cindy , Wahlster Sarah , Castillo-Pinto Carlos , Mainali Shraddha , Johnson Nicholas J.
Published: April 2024

Temperature control in severe acute brain injury (SABI) is a key component of acute management. This manuscript delves into the complex role of temperature management in SABI, encompassing conditions like traumatic brain injury (TBI), acute ischemic stroke (AIS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), and hypoxemic/ischemic brain injury following cardiac arrest. Fever is a common complication in SABI and is linked to worse neurological outcomes due to increased inflammatory responses and intracranial pressure (ICP). Temperature management, particularly hypothermic temperature control (HTC), appears to mitigate these adverse effects primarily by reducing cerebral metabolic demand and dampening inflammatory pathways. However, the effectiveness of HTC varies across different SABI conditions. In the context of post-cardiac arrest, the impact of HTC on neurological outcomes has shown inconsistent results. In cases of TBI, HTC seems promising for reducing ICP, but its influence on long-term outcomes remains uncertain. For AIS, clinical trials have yet to conclusively demonstrate the benefits of HTC, despite encouraging preclinical evidence. This variability in efficacy is also observed in ICH, aSAH, bacterial meningitis, and status epilepticus. In pediatric and neonatal populations, while HTC shows significant benefits in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, its effectiveness in other brain injuries is mixed. Although the theoretical basis for employing temperature control, especially HTC, is strong, the clinical outcomes differ among various SABI subtypes. The current consensus indicates that fever prevention is beneficial across the board, but the application and effectiveness of HTC are more nuanced, underscoring the need for further research to establish optimal temperature management strategies. Here we provide an overview of the clinical evidence surrounding the use of temperature control in various types of SABI.
Coalescence as a key process in wafer-scale diamond heteroepitaxy
Authors: Lebedev Vadim , Kustermann Jan , Engels Jan , Weippert Jürgen , Cimalla Volker , Knittel Peter , Kirste Lutz , Giese Christian , Quellmalz Patricia , Graff Andreas , Jeske Jan
Published: April 2024

Due to fascinating physical properties powered by remarkable progress in chemical vapor deposition of high-quality epilayers, diamond thin films attract great attention for fabrication of nitrogen-vacancy-based solid-state spin systems capable of operating in ambient conditions. To date, diamond heteroepitaxy via bias-enhanced nucleation is an unavoidable method for reliable wafer-scale film manufacturing. In this work, we analyze the coalescence phenomena in nitrogen doped, heteroepitaxial diamond epilayers, with a particular focus on their specific role in the annihilation of macroscopic crystal irregularities such as grain boundaries, non-oriented grains, and twinned segments. Here, we also report on the growth mechanism for the “primary” crystal orientation along with a predominant formation of two different types of boundaries highlighting the {011}-type as a main source of the crystal lattice irregularities.
Computational dielectric spectroscopy on solid–solution interface by time-dependent voltage applied molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Tanaka Yuichi , Sato Hirofumi , Nakano Hiroshi
Published: April 2024

A frequency-dependent dielectric constant characterizes the dielectric response of a medium and also represents the time scale of system’s collective dynamics. Although it is valuable not only academically but also practically for developing advanced devices, getting the value of a solution at the interface with a solid or electrode surface is challenging both experimentally and computationally. Here, we propose a computational method that imitates the dielectric spectroscopy and AC impedance measurement. It combines a time-dependent voltage applied molecular dynamics simulation with an equivalent circuit representation of a system composed of a solution confined between two identical electrodes. It gives the frequency-dependent dielectric constants of the bulk solution and the interface simultaneously. Unlike the conventional method, it does not require computation of a dipole autocorrelation function and its Fourier transformation. Application of the method on a system of water confined between polarizable Pt electrodes gives the static dielectric constant and the relaxation time of the bulk water in good agreement with previous simulation results and experimental values. In addition, it gives a much smaller static dielectric constant at the interface, consistent with previous observations. The outline of the dielectric dispersion curve of the interface seems similar to that of the bulk, but the relaxation time is several times faster.
Atomic displacement threshold energies and defect generation in GaN, AlN, and AlGaN: A high-throughput molecular dynamics investigation
Authors: Hauck Alexander S. , Jin Miaomiao , Tuttle Blair R.
Published: April 2024

Gallium nitride, aluminum nitride, and their ternary alloys form an important class of wide-bandgap semiconductors employed in a variety of applications, including radiation-hard electronics. To better understand the effects of irradiation in these materials, molecular dynamics simulations were employed to determine the threshold recoil energies to permanently displace atoms from crystalline sites. Threshold displacement energies were calculated with the lattices at 0 K. Thermal effects are found to lower the threshold energies by ∼1 eV. The threshold energy knockout events observed result in Frenkel pair defects. The electronic structure and dynamics of these Frenkel pair defects are analyzed and the consequences for device operation are discussed.
Analysis on high-resolution spectrum of the S1–S0 transition of free-base phthalocyanine
Authors: Miyamoto Yuki , Hiramoto Ayami , Iwakuni Kana , Kuma Susumu , Enomoto Katsunari , Nakayama Naofumi , Baba Masaaki
Published: April 2024

A high-resolution absorption spectrum of the S1–S0 transition of free-base phthalocyanine was observed and analyzed with improved reliability. The spectrum, with a partially resolved rotational structure, was obtained by using the buffer-gas cooling technique and a single-mode tunable laser. Our new analysis reveals that the S1←S0000 band belongs to the a-type transition, where the electronic transition moment aligns parallel to the NH–HN direction, allowing the assignment of the S1 state to 1B3u. These results agree with a prior study using supersonic expansion and are well supported by theoretical calculations. Interestingly, the rotational constant B in the S1 state, which is often smaller than that in the ground state for typical molecules, was found to be slightly larger than that in the S01Ag state. This suggests a change in the character of π bonds with the electronic excitation.
Physical vulnerability of pedestrians under the joint effect of wind and floodwater and its application in urban block flooding: Effects of urban block layout, building form and building array skyline
Authors: Gou Lu-Feng , Zhu Zhong-Fan , Liu Shu-You , Peng Ding-Zhi , Zhang Da-Wei
Published: April 2024

It has become urgent to formulate the physical vulnerability of pedestrians exposed to the compound hazard of strong wind and flooding in an urban landscape and identify the pedestrian risk characteristics within urban building arrays. In this study, the physical vulnerability of pedestrians subject to a joint effect of wind and floodwater is quantified theoretically based on a mechanical analysis in terms of floodwater velocity, depth and wind speed. Laboratory experiment regarding the instability of a dummy is performed to calibrate this vulnerability formula. The formula is adopted to quantify the pedestrian risk rating within different urban building array configurations in conjunction with computational fluid dynamics simulation, including the urban block layout, building form, and building array skyline. It is found that (i) the reverse wind reduces the area of the extreme instability risk zone of pedestrians but improves the safety zone area in comparison to the forward wind; (ii) in comparison to the determinant layout, the enclosed layout is indeed favorable to pedestrian safety; however, the staggered layout causes pedestrian safety to deteriorate; (iii) either corner modification or a change in building form leads to a large reduction in pedestrian risk; and (iv) For a parallel building skyline array, a low street aspect ratio (i.e., the ratio of building height to street width) yields an increased pedestrian risk when the aspect ratio is smaller than unity; however, a large aspect ratio produces an increased pedestrian risk when the aspect ratio exceeds unity. The protuberant skyline leads to more high-risk zones than the parallel skyline, while a concave skyline does not alter the risk distribution except for the last row of buildings. The ascending skyline configuration leads to a more complex and more uniform risk distribution pattern, while the descending skyline does not change the general risk distribution trend. These results might be referenced by engineers and managers to implement tailored measures (for example, optimizing urban array configurations) for mitigating and reducing pedestrian risk in urban regions.
Computational fluid dynamics method for determining the rotational diffusion coefficient of cells
Authors: Ma Hui , Wereley Steven T. , Linnes Jacqueline C. , Kinzer-Ursem Tamara L.
Published: April 2024

This work presents a straightforward computational method to estimate the rotational diffusion coefficient (Dr) of cells and particles of various sizes using the continuum fluid mechanics theory. We calculate the torque (Γ) for cells and particles immersed in fluids to find the mobility coefficient μ and then obtain the Dr by substituting Γ in the Einstein relation. Geometries are constructed using triangular mesh, and the model is solved with computational fluid dynamics techniques. This method is less intensive and more efficient than the widely used models. We simulate eight different particle geometries and compare the results with previous literature.
Photonic spin Hall effect under the action of a full-angle three-dimensional magnetic field in space
Authors: Tang Tingting , Shen Ke , Tang Yujie , Li Jie , He Yu , Liang Xiao , Li Chaoyang , Shen Jian , Luo Li
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we have measured the magneto-optical spin Hall effect influenced by an arbitrary oriented magnetic field using CeDyAl thin films on Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG) substrates as reflective materials. Plots of the variation of the magneto-optic spin Hall effect (MOPSHE) with magnetic field strength, the hysteresis line, in three different unit-direction magnetic fields are simulated and experimentally measured. The comparison of the simulation results with the experiments allows the method of weak measurement to determine the MOPSHE under the influence of the magnetic field to be validated. MOPSHE under a three-dimensional magnetic field is measured and the measurement error is within 4 μm.
The effect of the four-tentacled collaboration on the self-propelled performance of squid robot
Authors: Li Zhihan , Gai Qingyuan , Yan Han , Lei Ming , Zhou Zilong , Xia Dan
Published: April 2024

This study conducts a numerical investigation of the self-propelled performance of a bio-inspired squid robot equipped with four rigid tentacles, exploring three sets of collaborative modes. Leveraging the open-source platform OpenFOAM, we develop a self-propulsion module incorporating the dynamic overset grid technique to manipulate the complex motion of rigid tentacles. The driving system of a single tentacle is simplified into a two-link mechanism, where the phase difference between the links effectively emulates the oscillatory pattern of fish-like locomotion. The interaction of four tentacles gives rise to three distinct driving modes: reverse, homologous, and interlace modes. The results indicate that the homologous mode follows the hydrodynamic characteristics of fish-like waves, the interlace mode can cause the robot to deviate from the initial path, and the reverse mode outperforms the other two modes, exhibiting a higher ultimate cruising speed. Regardless of the propulsion process, the cruising performance of the robot is significantly influenced by the maximum amplitude angle θmax. An increase in θmax also contributes to an elevation in the instantaneous longitudinal force coefficient CFx, with the most pronounced impact observed in the homologous mode. The disparity among the three modes is also evident in the periodic pressure variation and flow field evolution patterns. The vortex distribution during steady-state moments systematically reveals the collaborative effects among the tentacles in different modes on the self-propulsion performance.
Using a single nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond to detect microwave magnetic field vectors at resonant frequency
Authors: Cai Mengyuan , Weng Changfeng , Zhu Yuqing , Zhu Wei , Lou Liren , Wang Guanzhong
Published: April 2024

This study introduces a method for reconstructing vector microwave magnetic fields using a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in locally strong effective fields with two different orientations in diamond, without the previously required external magnetic field. Due to the varying orientations of the effective fields, NV centers exhibit two distinct sets of switchable ground states. The resonant Rabi oscillations of an NV center in these two distinct states were utilized to reconstruct vector microwave magnetic fields. Remarkably, this technique achieves an angular resolution of 0.02 mrad/Hz. Overcoming the limitations inherent in previous practices of using NV ensembles, this breakthrough has the potential to substantially enhance both the spatial resolution and the sensitivity of microwave magnetic field imaging, a meaningful development for various scientific and technological applications.
How electrons still guard the space: Electron number distribution functions based on QTAIM∩ELF intersections
Authors: Barrena-Espés Daniel , Munárriz Julen , Martín Pendás Ángel
Published: April 2024

Despite the importance of the one-particle picture provided by the orbital paradigm, a rigorous understanding of the spatial distribution of electrons in molecules is still of paramount importance to chemistry. Considerable progress has been made following the introduction of topological approaches, capable of partitioning space into chemically meaningful regions. They usually provide atomic partitions, for example, through the attraction basins of the electron density in the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) or electron-pair decompositions, as in the case of the electron localization function (ELF). In both cases, the so-called electron distribution functions (EDFs) provide a rich statistical description of the electron distribution in these spatial domains. Here, we take the EDF concept to a new fine-grained limit by calculating EDFs in the QTAIM ∩ ELF intersection domains. As shown in AHn systems based on main group elements, as well as in the CO, NO, and BeO molecules, this approach provides an exquisitely detailed picture of the electron distribution in molecules, allowing for an insightful combination of the distribution of electrons between Lewis entities (such as bonds and lone pairs) and atoms at the same time. Besides mean-field calculations, we also explore the impact of electron correlation through Hartree–Fock (HF), density functional theory (DFT) (B3LYP), and CASSCF calculations.
Loading and identifying various charged thorium ions in a linear ion trap with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer
Authors: Li Zi , Li Lin , Hua Xia , Tong Xin
Published: April 2024

Various charged thorium ions such as singly charged, doubly charged, and triply charged thorium ions trapped in the ion trap can be used to excite the Th-229 first nuclear excited state via the electronic bridge process. We present an integration of a linear ion trap with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer to investigate trapped Th-232 ions. Various charged thorium ions are produced by laser ablation and dynamically loaded into the ion trap. After sufficient collisional cooling, thorium ions are extracted along one of the radial directions for time-of-flight mass spectrometry by rapidly quenching the trapping potential and applying high-voltage extracting pulses. The charge states of thorium ions are identified and the maximum mass resolutions of thorium ions reach ∼100 with initial 300 K collisional cooling. The velocity distributions of ablated various charged thorium ions are measured, and the results agree well with Monte Carlo simulation. Lifetimes of thorium ions are determined to be a few tens of seconds in the ion trap, which are helpful for further spectroscopic studies of Th-229 nuclear transition.
NbN-based half-flux-quantum element for integration with superconducting qubits
Authors: Takeuchi Naoki , Naruse Mikiya , Miyajima Shigeyuki , Pham Duong , Terai Hirotaka , Tanaka Masamitsu , Yamashita Taro
Published: April 2024

Half-flux-quantum (HFQ) logic is a superconductor logic family comprising conventional Josephson junctions (0-JJs) and π Josephson junctions (π-JJs). The energy scale of HFQ logic can be flexibly reduced by phase shifts owing to π-JJs; thus, HFQ circuits are a promising building block for qubit interface circuits. In this study, we demonstrate an NbN-based HFQ circuit element compatible with NbN-based superconducting qubits for all-NbN monolithic integration of qubits and HFQ circuits. The use of NbN is beneficial for both qubits and HFQ circuits owing to its high-quality junctions and high kinetic inductance. First, we developed a prototype of an NbN-based 0-JJ/π-JJ hybrid fabrication process for designing HFQ circuits. We evaluated 0-JJs and π-JJs fabricated through the hybrid process, which demonstrated that the 0-JJs had a small deviation with regard to critical current density and the π-JJs had a sufficiently high critical current density to work as π phase shifters. Furthermore, we fabricated an HFQ superconducting quantum interference device, which is one of the most fundamental elements in HFQ circuits, and observed clear HFQ-period modulation in the magnetic flux dependence of the maximum current at 4.2 K.
Predicting the photodynamics of cyclobutanone triggered by a laser pulse at 200 nm and its MeV-UED signals—A trajectory surface hopping and XMS-CASPT2 perspective
Authors: Janoš Jiří , Figueira Nunes Joao Pedro , Hollas Daniel , Slavíček Petr , Curchod Basile F. E.
Published: April 2024

This work is part of a prediction challenge that invited theoretical/computational chemists to predict the photochemistry of cyclobutanone in the gas phase, excited at 200 nm by a laser pulse, and the expected signal that will be recorded during a time-resolved megaelectronvolt ultrafast electron diffraction (MeV-UED). We present here our theoretical predictions based on a combination of trajectory surface hopping with XMS-CASPT2 (for the nonadiabatic molecular dynamics) and Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics with MP2 (for the athermal ground-state dynamics following internal conversion), coined (NA+BO)MD. The initial conditions were sampled from Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics coupled to a quantum thermostat. Our simulations indicate that the main photoproducts after 2 ps of dynamics are CO + cyclopropane (50%), CO + propene (10%), and ethene and ketene (34%). The photoexcited cyclobutanone in its second excited electronic state S2 can follow two pathways for its nonradiative decay: (i) a ring-opening in S2 and a subsequent rapid decay to the ground electronic state, where the photoproducts are formed, or (ii) a transfer through a closed-ring conical intersection to S1, where cyclobutanone ring opens and then funnels to the ground state. Lifetimes for the photoproduct and electronic populations were determined. We calculated a stationary MeV-UED signal [difference pair distribution function—ΔPDF(r)] for each (interpolated) pathway as well as a time-resolved signal [ΔPDF(r,t) and ΔI/I(s,t)] for the full swarm of (NA+BO)MD trajectories. Furthermore, our analysis provides time-independent basis functions that can be used to fit the time-dependent experimental UED signals [both ΔPDF(r,t) and ΔI/I(s,t)] and potentially recover the population of photoproducts. We also offer a detailed analysis of the limitations of our model and their potential impact on the predicted experimental signals.
Entanglement of edge modes in (very) strongly correlated topological insulators
Authors: Ara Nisa , Basu Rudranil , Mathew Emil , Raychowdhury Indrakshi
Published: April 2024

Identifying topological phases for a strongly correlated theory remains a non-trivial task, as defining order parameters, such as Berry phases, is not straightforward. Quantum information theory is capable of identifying topological phases for a theory that exhibits quantum phase transition with a suitable definition of order parameters that are related to different entanglement measures for the system. In this work, we study entanglement entropy for a coupled SSH model, both in the presence and absence of Hubbard interaction and at varying interaction strengths. For the free theory, edge entanglement acts as an order parameter, which is supported by analytic calculations and numerical (DMRG) studies. We calculate the symmetry-resolved entanglement and demonstrate the equipartition of entanglement for this model which itself acts as an order parameter when calculated for the edge modes. As the DMRG calculation allows one to go beyond the free theory, we study the entanglement structure of the edge modes in the presence of on-site Hubbard interaction for the same model. A sudden reduction of edge entanglement is obtained as interaction is switched on. The explanation for this lies in the change in the size of the degenerate subspaces in the presence and absence of interaction. We also study the signature of entanglement when the interaction strength becomes extremely strong and demonstrate that the edge entanglement remains protected. In this limit, the energy eigenstates essentially become a tensor product state, implying zero entanglement. However, a remnant entropy survives in the non-trivial topological phase, which is exactly due to the entanglement of the edge modes.
Cepstral coefficients effectiveness for gunshot classifying
Authors: Svatos Jakub , Holub Jan
Published: April 2024

This paper analyses the efficiency of various frequency cepstral coefficients (FCC) in a non-speech application, specifically in classifying acoustic impulse events-gunshots. There are various methods for such event identification available. The majority of these methods are based on time or frequency domain algorithms. However, both of these domains have their limitations and disadvantages. In this article, an FCC, combining the advantages of both frequency and time domains, is presented and analyzed. These originally speech features showed potential not only in speech-related applications but also in other acoustic applications. The comparison of the classification efficiency based on features obtained using four different FCC, namely mel-FCC (MFCC), inverse mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (IMFCC), linear-frequency cepstral coefficients (LFCC), and gammatone-frequency cepstral coefficients (GTCC) is presented. An optimal frame length for an FCC calculation is also explored. Various gunshots from short guns and rifle guns of different calibers and multiple acoustic impulse events, similar to the gunshots, to represent false alarms are used. More than 600 acoustic events records have been acquired and used for training and validation of two designed classifiers, support vector machine, and neural network. Accuracy, recall and Matthew’s correlation coefficient measure the classification success rate. The results reveal the superiority of GFCC to other analyzed methods.
Dynamics of non-Newtonian methanol conveying aluminium alloy over a rotating disc: consideration of variable nanoparticle radius and inter-particle spacing
Authors: Ragupathi E , Prakash D , Muthtamilselvan M , Al-Mdallal Qasem M
Published: April 2024

The advancement of non-Newtonian nanofluid innovation is a crucial area of research for physicists, mathematicians, manufacturers, and materials scientists. In engineering and industries, the fluid velocity caused by rotating device and nanofluid has a lot of applications such as refrigerators, chips, heat ex-changers, hybrid mechanical motors, food development, and so on. Due to the tremendous usage of the non-Newtonian nanofluid, the originality of the current study is to explore the influence of nanoparticle radii and inter-particle spacing effects on the flow characteristics of Casson methanol-based aluminium alloy (AA7072) nanofluid through a rotating disc with Joule heating and magnetic dipole. The present problem is modeled in the form of partial differential equations (PDEs), and these PDEs are converted into ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable similarity transformations. The analytical solution to the current modeled problem has been obtained by using the homotopy analysis method (HAM) and numerical solutions are obtained by employing Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method along with shooting technique. The main purpose of the present research work is to analyze the behavior of the velocity and temperature of the nanofluid for small and large radius of the aluminium alloy (AA7072) nanoparticles and inter-particle spacing. The radial and tangential velocities are enhanced due to rising ferro-hydrodynamic interaction parameter and the skin friction force for radial and tangential directions are enhanced 10.51% and 2.16% when h = 0.5. Also, the heat transfer rate is reduced 18.71% and 16.70% when h = 0.5% and R

p
= 1.5. In fact, the present results are compared with the published results and they met good agreement.
Well-dispersed Pt/Nb2O5 on zeolitic imidazolate framework derived nitrogen-doped carbon for efficient oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Huang Hongying , Deng Libo , Zhang Lei , Zhang Qianling , Ren Xiangzhong , Li Yongliang
Published: April 2024

In this work, an advanced hybrid material was constructed by incorporating niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) nanocrystals with nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) derived from ZIF-8 dodecahedrons, serving as a support, referred to as Nb2O5/NC. Pt nanocrystals were dispersed onto Nb2O5/NC using a simple impregnation reduction method. The obtained Pt/Nb2O5/NC electrocatalyst showed high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity due to three-phase mutual contacting structure with well-dispersed Pt and Nb2O5 NPs. In addition, the conductive NC benefits electron transfer, while the induced Nb2O5 can regulate the electronic structure of Pt element and anchor Pt nanocrystals, thereby enhancing the ORR activity and stability. The half-wave potential (E
1/2) for Pt/Nb2O5/NC is 0.886 V, which is higher than that of Pt/NC (E
1/2 = 0.826 V). The stability examinations demonstrated that Pt/Nb2O5/NC exhibited higher electrocatalytic durability than Pt/NC. Our work provides a new direction for synthesis and structural design of precious metal/oxides hybrid electrocatalysts.
BAF-Net: bidirectional attention-aware fluid pyramid feature integrated multimodal fusion network for diagnosis and prognosis
Authors: Wu Huiqin , Peng Lihong , Du Dongyang , Xu Hui , Lin Guoyu , Zhou Zidong , Lu Lijun , Lv Wenbing
Published: April 2024

Objective. To go beyond the deficiencies of the three conventional multimodal fusion strategies (i.e. input-, feature- and output-level fusion), we propose a bidirectional attention-aware fluid pyramid feature integrated fusion network (BAF-Net) with cross-modal interactions for multimodal medical image diagnosis and prognosis. Approach. BAF-Net is composed of two identical branches to preserve the unimodal features and one bidirectional attention-aware distillation stream to progressively assimilate cross-modal complements and to learn supplementary features in both bottom-up and top-down processes. Fluid pyramid connections were adopted to integrate the hierarchical features at different levels of the network, and channel-wise attention modules were exploited to mitigate cross-modal cross-level incompatibility. Furthermore, depth-wise separable convolution was introduced to fuse the cross-modal cross-level features to alleviate the increase in parameters to a great extent. The generalization abilities of BAF-Net were evaluated in terms of two clinical tasks: (1) an in-house PET-CT dataset with 174 patients for differentiation between lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis. (2) A public multicenter PET-CT head and neck cancer dataset with 800 patients from nine centers for overall survival prediction. Main results. On the LC-PTB dataset, improved performance was found in BAF-Net (AUC = 0.7342) compared with input-level fusion model (AUC = 0.6825; p < 0.05), feature-level fusion model (AUC = 0.6968; p = 0.0547), output-level fusion model (AUC = 0.7011; p < 0.05). On the H&N cancer dataset, BAF-Net (C-index = 0.7241) outperformed the input-, feature-, and output-level fusion model, with 2.95%, 3.77%, and 1.52% increments of C-index (p = 0.3336, 0.0479 and 0.2911, respectively). The ablation experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of all the designed modules regarding all the evaluated metrics in both datasets. Significance. Extensive experiments on two datasets demonstrated better performance and robustness of BAF-Net than three conventional fusion strategies and PET or CT unimodal network in terms of diagnosis and prognosis.
Electrorheological and magnetorheological properties of liquid composites based on polypyrrole nanotubes/magnetite nanoparticles
Authors: Bica Ioan , Mircea Anitas Eugen , Sedlacik Michal , Munteanu Andrei , Munteanu Lenka , Marina Elisabeth Chirigiu Larisa
Published: April 2024

This research presents an in-depth exploration of the electrical and magnetic properties of a polypyrrole nanotubes/magnetite nanoparticles (PPyM) material embedded in a silicone oil matrix. A key finding of our study is the dual nature of the composite, i.e. it exhibits a behaviour akin to both electro- and magnetorheological suspensions. This unique duality is evident in its response to varying electric and magnetic field intensities. Our study focuses on examining the electrical properties of the composite, including its dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss factor. Additionally, we conduct an extensive analysis of its rheological behavior, with a particular emphasis on how its viscosity changes in response to electromagnetic stimuli. This property notably underscores the material’s dual-responsive nature. Employing a custom experimental design, we integrate the composite into a passive electrical circuit element subjected to alternating electric fields. This methodological approach allows us to precisely measure the material’s response in terms of resistance, capacitance, and charge under different field conditions. Our findings reveal substantial changes in the material’s electrical conductivity and rheological characteristics, which are significantly influenced by the intensity of the applied fields. These results enhance the understanding of electro-magnetorheological properties of PPyM-based magnetic composites, and also highlight their potential in applications involving smart materials. The distinct electrical, magnetic and rheological modulation capabilities demonstrated by this composite render it as promising candidate for advanced applications. These include sensory technology, actuation systems, and energy storage solutions.
Passively Q-switched Er-doped fiber laser based on carbon-doped silver nanoparticles saturable absorber prepared using laser ablation method
Authors: Asghar Haroon , Ahmed Rizwan , Umar Zeshan A , Alrebdi Tahani A , Baig M Aslam
Published: April 2024

In this work, we investigate the effect of carbon-doped silver nanoparticles on the Q-switched performance of erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL). The carbon-doped silver nanoparticles were synthesized using a laser ablation method. The prepared nanoparticles were inserted between fiber ferrules using the adhesion process of the index-matched gel. Incorporating a saturable absorber inside the laser cavity initiates a stable Q-switched mechanism at 11.2 mW of threshold power. The measured results demonstrate that as the pump power of EDFL increases from 11.2 to 267 mW, the pulse repetition, and pulse width tuned from 21.33 to 95.2 kHz and 13.3–3.18 µs, respectively. At 267 mW of pump, the maximum average output power, pulse energy, and peak power were further measured to be 2.36 mW, 24.68 nJ, and 7.76 mW, respectively. Besides, the stability and threshold characteristics of EDFL based on carbon-doped silver nanoparticles were further explored. This study shows that the synthesis of metal nanoparticles using the laser ablation technique and their implementation as saturable absorber represents a promising avenue for advancing ultrafast laser technologies with improved stablility, efficiency, and tunability.
Earthquake Events Detected by Continuous Gravimeters in Indonesia
Authors: Gunawan I , Wahyudi E J , Alawiyah S , Kadir W G A
Published: April 2024

Earthquake monitoring and early warning systems play a critical role in mitigating the impact of seismic events on human lives and infrastructure. Continuous gravimeters, sensitive instruments designed to measure second changes in gravitational forces, have emerged as valuable tools for earthquake detection and monitoring. This paper reports the significance of continuous gravimeters in detecting earthquake events, highlighting their principle of operation and contributions to seismic research. In contrast to traditional seismic sensors, continuous gravimeters offer a unique perspective on seismic activity by detecting mass redistributions resulting from the movement of Earth’s tectonic plates during an earthquake. This capacity enables them to capture the initial moments of an earthquake, contributing to early warning systems that can provide critical seconds to minutes of advance notice, enhancing preparedness and response efforts. Some earthquake events were detected by the gPhoneX gravimeters (numbers #123 and #126) placed in Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha Campus. Four possible location events matched with the timeframe of the seismometer recording data on June 15, 2023. This result shows that continuous gravimeters have the potential capability to advance earthquake monitoring and early warning capabilities. By offering a complementary approach to seismic sensors, these instruments broaden our understanding of earthquake dynamics and contribute to developing more robust and effective strategies for mitigating seismic hazards.
Machine Learning Implementation on TTV Analysis using TTVFast
Authors: Ikhsan M I , Arifyanto M I , Hidayat T
Published: April 2024

Exoplanet research has undergone rapid development lately due to the increasing number of space telescopes and satellite surveys launched in recent years. Two missions with the most exoplanet discoveries using transit methods are Kepler and TESS missions. Both missions focused on photometric surveys to detect planets by observing the periodic dimming of a stars brightness as a planet passes in front of it. There is another method that could take advantage of transit observations called transit timing variation method. By observing the deviation of the transit time of transiting planet we could infer the existence of another body in the system. Performing exoplanet parameter estimation using TTV data is an extensive process. Estimating exoplanet parameters using TTV, we must fit the TTV data using a wide range of parameters using n-body simulation. N-body simulation in this scale is computationally costly. To estimate planet parameters, we need to run thousands of n-body simulations. With the increasing trend of using machine learning methods in the research process, we try to implement the machine learning method to make TTV analysis more effective and efficient. We implement the application of machine learning to n-body simulation using REBOUND and TTVFAST and compare the results. REBOUND is a Python-based library designed for simulating the dynamics of n-body systems, particularly celestial bodies like planets, stars, and other objects that interact gravitationally. While TTVFAST is a modified n-body simulation code that is specifically designed to calculate TTV on transiting planetary systems. We found that TTVFAST is much faster than REBOUND when generating samples for training and testing while still maintaining similar accuracy. Also, the machine learning model generated from both data samples is performed similarly.
Analysis of two-dimensional magnetotelluric inversion for the delineation of the petroleum system in the Kutai basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Muttakhin A N I , Hamidah N N , Hapsoro C A , Zulaikah S
Published: April 2024

The Kutai Basin in East Kalimantan is known as a potential area for oil and gas exploration. Two-dimensional magnetotelluric (MT) analysis is applied to investigate the geological structure and distribution of subsurface resistivity. This study aims to delineate the petroleum system using MT data and identify zones with potential for the accumulation of hydrocarbons. MT data has been collected at several strategic locations in the Kutai Basin, and two-dimensional cross-sections have been constructed to obtain vertical resistivity imaging at several depths. In this study, there were nine measurement points located on one line. The data is then inverted to obtain a two-dimensional resistivity model, which qualitatively represents the subsurface structure. The results of this study indicate that there is a low resistivity anomaly zone that identifies the presence of source rock with a resistivity value of 1-12 Ωm. In this line, it is suspected that the petroleum system that allows trapped hydrocarbons is found in the area, below the KT36 and KT13 measurement points. In this area there are folded structures in the form of synclines and anticlines, which raises suspicions about the types of traps formed from structural traps.
Comparison of the SRP spherical model between LEO and GEO satellites
Authors: Pratiwi N , Herdiwijaya D , Hidayat T , Ikhsan M I
Published: April 2024

Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP) is a phenomenon caused by the pressure exerted by solar photons on a satellite’s surface when it is exposed to sunlight. It is a form of radiation force and can significantly impact the motion and behaviour of satellites in space. SRP influences a satellite’s orbit by causing changes in its semimajor axis, eccentricity, inclination, argument of perigee, right ascension of the ascending node, and mean anomaly. SRP models are used to simulate the effects of solar radiation pressure on satellites. These models are essential for accurately predicting satellite trajectories and orbital behaviour. There are several types of SRP models, such as spherical model, flat model, box-wing model, faceted model, and analytical SRP models. This research focuses on Telkom 1 and LAPAN A1 satellites, both belonging to Indonesia and positioned in Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) orbits, respectively. The study aims to find a comparison of the effects of SRP spherical model on LEO and GEO satellites. Our modelling shows that the semimajor axis and eccentricity are sensitive to SRP, while the inclination and right ascension of the ascending node are not significantly affected. Comparing the effects of SRP on LEO and GEO satellites, we concluded that both LEO and GEO orbit experience the most significant fluctuations in January (perihelion), likely due to the influence of solar radiation pressure.
MASW (Multichannel of Analysis of Surface Waves) Measurements on Very Dense Fill of Freeport Mining
Authors: Handayani G , Masimuja G
Published: April 2024

The MASW (Multi-Channel Analysis of Surface Waves) was conducted on fill soil at Tembagapura Freeport Mining. The fill was very dense and is the landfills where people dumped waste disposal like car tire rubber etc. Several attempts were made to make boreholes to collect soil samples and to run SPT (Standard Penetration Test), but they failed. The fill was so dense that the employed drill bits were worn out when penetrating the soil. The MASW team was invited to carry out the measurements and to produce shear wave velocities of the layers, which correspond to SPT Number. The number of measured MASW points was 8 points. They were successfully carried out on the surface of the fill without borings. The offset distance between the hammer blows, and the first geophone was 18 m, and the interval distance between 4.5 Hz geophones was 3 m. The MASW measurements resulted in an average shear velocity of 400 m/s which confirmed the soil was very dense soil. The information regarding the shear wave velocities of the layers was adopted as input of earthquake engineering software to predict the amplification when the earthquake happens.
Fabrication of NiO@Ni(OH)2/Graphene Nanosheets//Carbon Electrode as Asymmetric Configuration in Coin Cell Supercapacitor
Authors: Diantoro M , Rahmadani H , Atturoifah N I M , Nasikhudin  , Zawaidah I C , Aripriharta
Published: April 2024

Electrochemical energy storage devices have emerged as a significant concern for contemporary society global and becoming a devices with great performance are in high demand. Supercapacitors are an alternative that is very suitable for use because of their high-power density, environmentally friendly, long-term cycle, safety, and abundance in nature. NiO and Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles have attracted global attention because of their varied application possibilities and advantages such as low toxicity, low cost, high theoretical capacitance, and environmentally friendly properties. NiO was composited with Ni(OH)2 in this study to enhance the supercapacitor device’s specific capacitance, energy density, and power density. The synthesis of NiO@ Ni(OH)2/Graphene electrodes used a blending method with mass variations of NiO (5, 10, 15, 20, 25) % as active material, and then was characterized using XRD to determine phase constituents and crystal size, SEM to determine morphology, FTIR to test functional groups, Cyclic Voltammetry and Galvanotic Charge-Discharge to test electrochemical properties. The asymmetric coin cell with 15% NiO mass in Ni(OH)2@NiO/ Graphene//Activated Carbon composite has the optimum power density and energy density of 327.4 W/kg and 17.1 Wh/kg.
Fidelity in quantum teleportation of 2 qubits with decoherent channel
Authors: Darmawan Yoga A , Prabowo Ananto A
Published: April 2024

This study discusses the one-way quantum teleportation of 2 qubits through a 4-qubit Bell state channel that is subject to decoherence. Decoherence is one of the unavoidable effects of noise in the transmission process. In the case of quantum teleportation, noise has an impact on the channel, causing changes in its state due to noise. In the absence of noise, teleportation occurs in an ideal state, resulting in a fidelity value of 1, signifying successful information transfer in the ideal scenario. However, when examined in the presence of noise, fidelity is not equal to 1 due to the influence of noise factors and the coefficient of the transmitted state. These noise factors indicate the strength of the noise. The stronger the noise, the lower the fidelity becomes.
Enhanced Superabsorbency of Cellulose-Based Hydrogels in NaOH Solution: Synthesis, Characterization, and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Nafisah Nur’aini , Rodhiyah Marathur , Luthfianti Halida Rahmi , Waresindo William Xaveriano , Arrosyid Bagas Haqi , Noviyanto Alfian , Hapidin Dian Ahmad , Edikresnha Dhewa , Khairurrijal Khairurrijal
Published: April 2024

Cellulose is a natural polymer that is abundantly available in nature. This study successfully developed cellulose dissolved in NaOH and formed into hydrogels using the freeze-thaw method. NaOH solution concentration as a cellulose solvent varied from 1% (CN1) to 5% (CN5) by weight. Six cycles of freezing and thawing were performed for 20 hours at -23°C and 4 hours at 37°C. Subsequently, morphological analysis, swelling degree, weight loss, and compression testing were conducted to assess the physical properties of cellulose-based hydrogels. The results demonstrate that as the concentration of NaOH increases, the resulting hydrogel exhibits smaller pore sizes, as evidenced by optical microscope images. Additionally, the swelling degree increased with the increasing NaOH fraction. The swelling tests were performed in both distilled water and PBS solutions. Notably, soaking the hydrogels in PBS solution demonstrated their potential as superabsorbent hydrogels (SAH). Furthermore, increased NaOH fraction was associated with higher weight loss, greater Young’s modulus, and reduced compressive strength.
Microstructures and Dielectric Permittivity Properties of Fe3O4/Cdots Nanocomposites Synthesized by Green Route Utilizing Moringa Oleifera Extract and Watermelon Peel
Authors: Latifa M F , Jiananda A , Riyanto A , Sari E K , Sitorus F S , Istiqomah N I , Suharyadi E
Published: April 2024

Dielectric materials are beneficial for storing electrical energy due to their insulating and polarization properties in response to external electric fields. Magnetite has shown promise as a dielectric material among other materials due to its good magnetic properties, low toxicity, and biocompatibility. However, the weakness of Fe3O4, which has low stability and easy agglomeration, requires a modification on its surface by using Carbon dots (Cdots). This research investigates the dielectric properties of Fe3O4/Cdots obtained through the green synthesis method. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized using the co-precipitation method with Moringa oleifera leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. In contrast, Cdots were synthesized using the hydrothermal method with watermelon peel waste as a carbon source. The Fe3O4 composite nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and impedance spectroscopy. The XRD spectra revealed the existence of cubic inverse spinel and a reduction in crystal size as the concentration of Cdots increased, measuring 7.8 and 7.1 nm, respectively. SEM-EDX revealed that the sample is composed of Fe, O, and C elements and has a spherical shape with Cdots distributed on the surface of Fe3O4. The UV-Vis spectrum showed the absorption peak of Cdots at 282 nm. The Fe3O4 absorption peak is identical to the Fe3O4/Cdots absorption peak at 193 nm. The increase in band gap energy from 2.96 to 3.33 eV is related to the increase in Cdots concentration. In the 10-900 kHz frequency range, dielectric property tests demonstrated peak dielectric permittivity values (real and imaginary). A substantial decrease was observed between 10 kHz and 200 kHz, followed by a relatively stable pattern up to 900 kHz. The loss tangent value obtained has a tanδ value <0.5, which means that the addition of Cdots affects reducing the energy loss stored in Fe3O4.