bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Micronucleus and Nuclear Division Index in the Lymphocytes of some Iraqi Patients with Acute Lymphocyte Leukemia
Authors: Al Amili Wiaam A. , Abdul Hussain Nuria , Al Faisal Abdul Hussain
Published: November 2021

The aim of our study was to determine micronucleus MN frequency and nuclear division index in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ALL, who had undergone chemotherapy. Patients were treated with nine of drugs, which included Vincristine , Methotrexate , Cytosar-U, L-asparaginase , Etoposide, , dexamethasone (Decadron) , Indoxan , Steroids. The study was carried out on fifty Iraqi patients (34 Male, 16 Female), aged 2-70 years with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ALL. These samples included 20 pretreatment aged 7-70 years, 15 under treatment aged 2-57years and 15 relapsed aged 9-40 years, compared with a sample consisted of 50 apparently healthy normal individuals collected randomly from population living in Baghdad aged 3-75 years. Results of the of MN in the human lymphocyte observed a significant increase p<0.05 in the males and females of human peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, before and after the chemotherapy as compared with the control. While, a significant decrease P> 0.05 in nucleic division index NDI was observed in the human peripheral blood lymphocytes of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients (males and females), before and after the chemotherapy as compared with the control. In addition, the results of MN and NDI were compared in the genders of the groups studied. In conclusion, the results indicated that there is a possibility of using the changes in the mean of MN frequency and NDI as biomarkers for the assessment of DNA damage in the human peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ALL before and after the chemotherapy treatment and the increase frequencies of MN in ALL patients indicate the effect of antileukemic agents in inducing somatic genetic damage.
Evaluation of cellular immune response provoked by experimental infection with Cryptosporidium spp. in mice
Authors: AL-Warid Harith S.J. , Mahmood Souhaila H. , Alsaqur Ihsan M.
Published: November 2021

Experimental infection was induced in immunosupreesed and non-immunosupressed mice using inoculation of two different Cryptosporidium spp. isolates: faecal origin and river water origin; then the infectivity rate and cellular immunological status were examined in these groups of mice. The results indicated that these two isolates induced experimental infection in immunosuppressed and non-immunosuppressed mice with no significant differences in infectivity rate between groups. Immunosuppressed mice infected with feacal or water origin oocyst showed low and significant values of transformed lymphocytes 8.68% ± 0.65%, 9.18% ± 1.09 respectively and phagocytic index 10.1% ± 1.66 and 11.2% ± 0.19 respectively. It concludes that lymphocyte transformation and phagocytosis index are good indicators to evaluate the cellular immune response in infected experimental mice with Cryptosporidium.
The effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on the viability of Beauveria bassiana and their ability for radial growth on Chitin Agar
Authors: Diwan Hussein Magtoff , Keshmer Husein Neayma , Abdela Majed Ibrahim , Abas Belasim Ahmed
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of five concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (50, 100,200,300,400) ppm on the viability of Beauveria bassiana spores after 1,2,3,4 days of exposure at 28 ± 1C° and on the radial growth ability of the fungus on chitin agar medium after 11 days of incubation at 26 ± 1C°.This fungus was also used to control the Date palm dubas Ommatissus lybicus. The results showed that the viability of B. bassiana spores of control (distill water with fungal spores) of a rate ranged between 157 – 257 colony/ petri dish on potato dextrose agar and the rate 257 colony/petri dish was higher than those of other treatments, while the rate 91.7 colony/petri dish at 50ppm concentration of hydrogen peroxide was the best p= 0.05 in comparison with the viability rate of other treatments in which the spores were exposed to highest concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. It was also seen that spores lost their viability after exposure to 400 ppm of hydrogen peroxide. On the other hand, the results showed that the rate of radial growth 3.46cm in control group after 4 days of incubation in comparison with this in the other group was higher. The fungus showed lowest rate of radial growth 0.43cm after one day of incubation p= 0.05, while the one day exposure of spores to each of 50,100 ppm of hydrogen peroxide showed 3.47,3.5cm respectively which were significantly higher p= 0.05 in comparison with other concentrations, improving which the higher concentration the lower activity of fungal degrade chitin.
Exploitation of solar energy as an alternative energy for milk sterilization from microbes
Authors: Muhammad A.N. , Mahdi Zaki J. , Jabor A.A. , Alwan A.M. , Salih M.H.
Published: November 2021

In this research the milk had been pasteurized by solar energy. It is clean energy and friendly to environment as well as available in Iraq. Circle option dish reflector was used with diameter1.5 m and focal length 80 cm, reflectivity gave at 80% and heat temperature about 200-350c. Milk container location was in optical focus of optical dish reflector. The milk had been heated at different times 10,20,30 minutes and we showed that after implanting samples tested to three genus of bacteria-contaminated milk (Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Enterrobecter), the bacteria did not appear in 30 min heating.
Plymorphism of CYP17 for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Women of Salah Al-Din Provence/ Iraq
Authors: Omear Hadeel Abdulhadi , Shehab Adil fauzy , Al-Assie Akeel Husain
Published: November 2021

CYP17 gene is the key in the metabolic pathway of sexual steroids, it codes for two enzymes 17–alpha hydroxylase and 17, 20 lyase who play an important role in the production of sex steroid hormones. The current study included study of the relationship of this gene with PCOS women in reproductive age. Blood samples were collected from two groups of women: first group consists of 98 women infected with polycystic ovaries syndrome, the second consists of 25 healthy women to detect the presence of mutation within the gene, then calculate allele frequency of mutant and wild allele for this gene, then repeat genotypes in infected women and compared with healthy once, were calculated body mass index BMI of two groups and measure the level of sex hormones (LH, FSH, Prolactin, Testosterone) in both groups, were the results showed significant differences between patients and healthy women in BMI and the level of hormones (LH, Prolactine) while there is no significant differences in the (FSH, Testosterone) hormone. Three pattern of genotype were obtained: TT, homozygous wild, (TC) much lower than the frequency in the healthy 0.82 while the frequency of allele C among patients 0.44, which is more than double than in healthy 0.18. The current results showed absence CC genotype in healthy women and appeared only in women with PCOS. This monitor the presence of link between this gene and PCOS as may be considered the mutation -34 (T C) in the promoter of gene CYP17 marker of the disease.
n vitro micro propagation of Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr
Authors: Alwash Bushra M. Jaber , Jassim Ansaam Z.
Published: November 2021

This study was aimed to In vitro propagation of Spilanthes acmella L. Murr. It is a medicinal plant not cultivated in Iraq. Seeds were sterilized and cultured on MS medium. Indole acetic acid IAA, Benzyladenin BA growth regulators’ were used at the initiation stage. The combination between IAA and BA was used in multiplication stage. Indole butyric acid IBA was used for rooting the shoots. Results showed that 1.5% sodium hypochlorite for 15 min was very effective for disinfecting and survival. A node exhibited relatively highest response as compared with apical meristems and leaflets culture. Supplying the culture medium with 1mg/l. BA was effective for lateral shoot induction. The mean number of shoots obtained from nodes were 7.43 with a mean length 0.9 cm. Adding BA at 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 and IAA at 0.1 mg/l. to the growth medium was effective for multiplication. Mean number of the developed shoots were 12.00, 10, 84, 10.00 respectively. Adding 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/l IBA to the half strength MS medium was very effective in root formation which produced 45.0, 42.5, 40.0 roots respectively with mean length of 3.25, 3.80, 3.80 cm respectively. Results of acclimatization stage showed that addition of 1:1 Patmos and loamy soil gave the highest rate of survival 100% after 4 weeks of acclimatization. This study showed the ability of in vitro propagation of Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr
Characterization of Saprolegnia spp. isolates from infected eggs, fry and adults of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. based on molecular data in Al-Manahel and Al-Wahda fish hatcheries, in middle of Iraq
Authors: A. Habib K. , A. Al-Mukhtar E. , H. Al-Shammari R.
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study was to identify Saprolegnia spp. isolated from inffected common carp Cyprinus carpio L. eggs and fry in two fish hatcheries (Al-Manahel and Al-Wahda) in the middle part of Iraq, during the period from March-June 2009. It was evident from molecular diagnosis (PCR Technique) that isolates of the genus Saprolegnia, shared one feature (production of secondary zoospores with long hooked hairs). These isolates were divided into four groups based on the findings of molecular diagnostics PCR. Isolates of Saprolegnia spp. were characterized genetically and physiologically. The majority (25 from45) of the isolates in both hatcheries were almost genetically identical as assessed by RAPD-PCR. The remaining isolates belonged to three different groups.
The Role of Zinc Sulfate in improving the blood proteins and immune response to Newcastle disease in broiler under heat stress
Authors: H. Al-Rubaee S. , H. Razooqee R. , M. Watheq B. , J. Ahmad M. , A. Razooqee A.
Published: November 2021

The study aimed to determine the effect of zinc sulfate supplementation in different levels on blood proteins and immune status in broilers, (120) broiler chicks one day old were used with (38) gr. Initial weight divided randomly into (5) treatment groups (24 chick/each) with 3 replicates (8 chick /each) . The dietary treatment groups were:T1: ordinary diet (control), T2: ordinary diet +30 mg/kg Zinc sulfate, T3: ordinary diet +45 mg/kg Zinc sulfate, T4: ordinary diet +60 mg/kg Zinc sulfate, T5: ordinary diet +75 mg/kg Zinc sulfate. The blood samples were collected at 5, 15, 25, 42 day of study for detecting the post albumin, γ_ globulin, and antibody titration for Newcastle disease in serum. The results showed that there were significant increase P≤0.05 in γ_ globulin and antibody titration for ND in the serum of T2, and T3 and with significant decrease P≤0.05 in post albumin compared with the rest treatments. Hence the study showed that the zinc sulfate is important for improving immune status and disease resistance in broiler under heat stress.
Concentration and accumulation of some trace elements in water, sediment and two species of aquatic plants collected from the Main outfall drain, near the center of Al-Nassiriyia city/ Iraq
Authors: Al-khafaji Basim Y. , Al-Awady Afrah A. Maktoof
Published: November 2021

Concentration and accumulation of seven trace elements (Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Fe, Mn and Zn) were measured in water (dissolved and particulate) phase, sediment and two species of aquatic plants phragmits australis and Ceratophylum demerssum collected during summer season, 2012 from the main outfall drain, some environmental parameter (Temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH) of water were measured, also total organic carbon TOC%, sediment texture were measured and expressed as percentage. Higher concentration of elements under study were observed in sediment more than their concentrations in water and plants, while particulate phase of water concentrated trace elements more than their concentration in dissolved phase, whereas the accumulation of trace elements in plants, showed that their concentration in phragmits australis was more than their concentration in Ceratophyllum demerssum. The study observed that it can use the two species of plants as bioindicator for accumulation of trace elements also the concentration of TE in the study samples were in acceptable range, when it compared with world wide range. The study showed that the possibility of using both plants to remove this type of pollutant from the aquatic environment and can be used in bioremediation for processes.
Effect of sucrose and mannitol on Ajmalicine production from leaves induced callus of Catharanthus roseus L. G. Don in vitro
Authors: Jassim Emad H. , Ameen Sami K. M.
Published: November 2021

An experiment on the effect of sucrose and mannitol on leave induced callus of Catharanthus roseus was conducted from February 2011 to May 2012. Callus induction was achieved by culturing leaves of the plant on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg /L 2,4-D and 1mg / L Kin, The best medium to maintain callus was on MS medium modified with 0.5 mg /L 2,4-D and 1.5 mg / L Kin. when different levels were added to MS medium for each Mannitol 0, 6000 ,8000 ,10000 mg /L and Sucrose 40, 60 ,80, 100 g /L in split experimental and control treatment was MS medium supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose. The results showed that medium supplemented with 100 gL of sucrose gave the highest quantity of Ajmalicine 32.27 µg/100 mg fresh weight of callus,as well as medium supplemented with 8000 mgL of Mannitol gave the highest value of Ajmalicine 120.19 µg/100 mg fresh weight of callus. The concentrations of Ajmalicine, derived from the leaves of the plants grown in pot, were lowest than the concentrations produced by the callus grown in vitro it was 0.047 µg/100 fresh weight of the leaves.
Identification of Bacteriocin linocin M18 from Brevibacterium and Related Genera using PCR
Authors: Al-Sammak Essra Gh.
Published: November 2021

Fifty bacterial isolates isolated from dairy product, skin and blood from cancer and kidney failure dialysis patients were identified to twenty two species and the following genera:- Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Arthrobacter, Actinomyces, Exiguobacterium, Kocuria, Micrococcus, Rothia, Rhodococcus using a set of phenetic characteristics. Twelve isolates of the different species from the genera Brevibacterium, Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium, Kocuria, Rhodococcus, Rothia were selected and probed for lin gene by polymerase chain reaction. One species Kocuria rhizophila which inhibited most of the tested organisms did not have lin gene in the chromosome, while, the species Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum, Arthrobacter comminsii, Arthrobacter oxydans have the lin gene. Our results found there wide distribution of the structural gene encoding this linocin M18 within coryneform bacteria and also in the genus Kocuria.
Detection of Anti-Chlamydia pneumonia IgG and Anti-HSV-1 IgG antibodies in sample of Iraqi Behcet's disease patients
Authors: Salloom Dunya fareed , Saleh Dhuha Saad , Al-Khafaji Jassem Tuama
Published: November 2021

Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammation with characterized lesion, including oral ulcer, skin lesion, genital lesion and ocular manifestation. It affects both genders. The etiologies of BD is unknown genetic, bacterial and viral have proposed as causative agents, for that reason the aim of this study to detect Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus-1(HSV-1) IgG antibody and Anti-Chlamydia pneumonia IgG antibody by ELISA in sera of seventy Iraqi patients and twenty Iraqi healthy control. 34.2% of patients have Anti-HSV-1 IgG antibody while 21.4% of patients have Anti-Chlamydia pneumonia IgG antibody, this lead to suggest that HSV-1 and Chlamydia pneumonia may be one of the etiological factor in BD.
Specific activity of thymidine nucleotide biosynthetic enzymes in hairy roots extracts of Sesamum indicum L. transformed by two strains of Agrobacteruim rhizogenes
Authors: Al- Taee Nihal E. , Abood Sajida A. , Al-Mallah Mozahim K.
Published: November 2021

The study concluded induction of transformed hairy roots from leaves and decapitated seedlings of Sesamum indicum L. using two strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes considered as natural vector of transformation. The strain R1601 stimulated roots on leaves and seedlings during 20 days of inoculation placed on solidified Arnon and Hoagland medium. Whereas they involved 12 days when inoculated with the strain R15834. Generally strain R15834 was efficient in inducing these roots and their numbers than strain R1601 which approached 54.4% and 41.6% respectively. The results indicated an increase in the specific activity of enzymes Thymidlate synthase (TS), Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), Serine hydroxy methyl transfrase (SHMT) in extract of transformed hairy roots producing agropine by stain R15834 and approach 4.610, 1.057, 0.480 µmolmin mg of protein respectively compared with the activity of 1.256, 0.097, 0.125µ molmin mg in the control samples. This was coupled with an increase in amount of DNA and RNA that approached 105, 1020 µg per gram respectively compared to 44, 462 µg per gram in control samples. The transformation of these hairy roots was pointed out through the separation of agropine spots from their extracts when electrophoreted in the presence of standared agropine.
Detection of insulin-like protein and some active compounds in Bauhinia variegata Linn. leaf ethanolic extracts and the effect in reducing blood glucose levels in mice
Authors: Rashid Khaleel Ibrahim
Published: November 2021

The study aims to detect the insulin-like protein and determine the active compounds in Bauhinia variegata L. leaves ethanolic extracts that help in reducing the blood glucose levels for white albino mice. The chemical detection of leaves ethanolic extract revealed the presence of tannins, terpenes, steroids, and flavonoids as active compounds. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis method, using C18 column resulted in presence of insulin-like protein in the leaves extracts. Results showed significant reduction of blood glucose levels after 3 days of the treatment, and high reduction obtained after 6, 9, 12 days as compared with the human swine insulin used as a control. It was concluded that the crude ethanolic extracts and the partial purified insulin of B. variegata was used to examine the existence of insulin-like protein in this plant. In this study, an attempt has been made to report plant insulin that may be useful to the health professionals and scholars working in the field of pharmacology and therapeutics to develop alternative medicine to cure diabetes in animals and man.
Efficiency of dual inoculation by Glomus mosseae and Azotobacter chroococcum on growth, productivity of some wheat)Triticum aestivum L.( recombinations
Authors: Salih Mohammed Mohei , Aboud Hadi Mehdi , Mohammed Neda Sallom , Sarheed Hadi Madi , Ayed Mustafa Eubaid , Abbas Ali Razaq
Published: November 2021

This investigation was conducted to determine the response of 24 genetic recombination of wheat crop to bioinoculation with mixture of Glomus mosseae (Nicolson&Trappe.) Gerd&Trappe 250 spores/gram soil and 10ml (107cfu/ml) of Azotobacter chroococcum /0.5meter seeded line. Treatments were distributed in randomly block design with three replicates on 2010-2011growing season. Growth parameters: Percentage of germination, flowering after 106 days of germination, Maturity after 130 days of cultivation, Number of branches after 126 days of cultivation, dry weight of vegetative growth, number of spikes in the line, number of grains per spike, average weight of 1000 grain, and total weight of seeds in the line were taken. Results revealed different response of the tested recombinations for biofertilizers effects.The recombination wahat al Iraq, Babil, M707, Mexipaq, Furat, Dijla, Um-rabee, Tamose2, Tamose3, Ure, M619B, M613, M606, M615A, M630, M621, and Noor reveald significant increasing differences in most growth and productivity parameters specialy Wahat al Iraq, M707, Mexipaq, M613 which recorded yield increament at 96,89,59,57% respectively,while the recombination Tellaafar3, Adnaaia, Medaaen , M612, M633A, M615B, M633B showed negative response and recorded reduction percentages 10,15 ,4 ,12 ,9,45,24% as comparison with control respectively.
Effect of Vitamin A and C on some physiological parameters of rabbits in Iraq
Authors: Rahman Sabah A.A. , Al-Mashat Riyad M.R.
Published: November 2021

Twenty four male rabbits were used in this experiments 6 weeks of age with average of 700-750 g, divided in to four equal groups (6 rabbits each). Animals of second group was equally injected with vitamin A, animals third group injection with 700 mg/kg vitamin C, animals fourth group injection with 3000 IU vitamin A + 700 mg vitamin C and animals of first group was the control groups. Every two week were weight, noticed increased in weight but not significant in the average body weight of the rabbits that injected with vitamin A from the other groups, but when we tacked the blood plasma from the rabbits after six weeks from the beginning of the experiments noticed significant increased p<0.05 in white blood cells number (6.20±0.69), hemoglobin concentration (12.11±0.01), red blood cells (4.43±0.03), platelets (305.6±12.91). however, decrease in packed cell volume (38.51±0.28) in animals groups injected by mixed vitamin A&C. Although, noticed non-significant increased in total protein (6.29±0.13), globulin (2.66±0.26) in animals were injected with vitamin A&C increased in average albumin, and decreased in globulin in animals were injected with vitamin A, however, increase in SAST & SALT enzymes, creatinine (1.37±0.16) and urea (40.34±1.15) in animals groups injected with vitamin A, also increase non significant in cholesterol (98.43±2.82) and total lipid ( 14.96±1.82) in animals were injected with vitamin A and C.
The Effect of Static Magnetic Field on Growth and Biochemical Indices of Five Fungal Genera
Authors: Ali Zainab Abbas , Yahya Abdul Ghani I. , Jabir Abdul Wahid Sh.
Published: November 2021

The effect of static magnetic field (MF) on the growth and biochemical indices of five fungal genera were studied. Exposing the above genera to the northern pole, southern pole and both poles and their influences were compared with the control treatment (without MF energy). The static MF of 10 gauss was applied to the above fungal genera for seven days at 28°C. The effect of static MF energy on the growth of fungal genera on solid media Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) was classified as stimulatory, inhibitory and no observable effect on growth of fungal genera. The effects of MF poles (southern, northern and both) inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum, while the MF poles stimulated the growth of fungal genera (Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternate and Penicillium chrysogenium) and had no observable effect of southern pole and both poles on growth of Rhizopus oryzae, while the northern pole inhibited the growth of R. oryzae compared with control group by measuring the growth diameter (cm). The effects of MF poles on the biochemical indices of the fungal genera were performed by filtering the growth and measuring the enzyme activity in the filterate. Exposing the fungal genera to the northern pole, southern pole. The fungal genera were influenced by MF energy for 3 days at 28°C and pH6.5 showed increased in the activities of amylase and protease due to northern pole at significant difference (at the 0.05 levels), the northern pole increased amylase activity (U/ml) in the culture medium filteratedof P. chrysogenumup to (0.246 U/ml) higher than other mentioned genera, A. niger, F. oxysporum, R. oryzae and A. alternata 0.172, 0.146, 0.116, 0.105U/ml respectively. The northern pole increased protease activity (U/ml) in the culture filterate of P. chrysogenumup to (0.081 U/ml) higher than other mentioned genera, A. niger, A. alternata , R. oryzae and F. oxysporum 0.08, 0.074, 0.056,0.054U/ml respectively and decreased when treated with southern pole however it was higher than the control treatment under optimum condition.
Antimicrobial Activity of Gardenia jasminoides Callus and Crude Leaf Extracts for some Organic Solvents against some Pathogenic Bacteria and Yeasts
Authors: Shehab Zina Hashem , Abid Huda Suhail , Hamad Sumaya Fadhil , Haitham Sara
Published: November 2021

The study was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory activity of methanol extract of Gardenia jasminoides leaves compared with leaf crude extracts for some organic solvents namely Methanol, Ethanol, Petroleum ether, Asetone and Chloroform on growth of some pathogenic bacteria and yeast, which included four gram positive isolates Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes and Bacillus cereus and gram negative isolates Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and some yeasts Candida albicans and Saccharomyces boulardii, by using well diffusion method. The inhibitory activity of extracts in the tested bacterial strains and yeasts was varied according to the type of extracting solvents and are tested microorganisms. The methanol callus extract which grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media by using (Naphthalen acitic acid) NAA and (Benzyle adenine) BA as growth regulator highly effective as compared to the other extracts as for inhibition of three gram positive bacteria and three gram negative bacteria,which include Staphylococcus aureus and, Proteus vulgaris, followed by acetone and ethanolic extracts which include two gram positive bacteria and two gram negative bacteria. All extracts had highly effect in growth of Candida albicans while all crude extracts didn’t show any sensitivity against Saccharomyces boulardii, and when we’d done (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) HPLC test for detection of some active compound we found Quinic acid, Iridiods glycosides and Crocin which its rate in fresh callus was higher than fresh leaves.
Effect of Spraying Plant Extracts and Vitamin C on Yield and performance of Pop Corn Zea mays everta
Authors: N-Alla A.Y. , Al-Koubisi Y.M. , Al-Ab0di H. M. K. , Al-Hilfy I. H. H.
Published: November 2021

A study was Conducted during fall-season of 2009 and spring of 2010 at the farm of field crops Department , College of Agriculture to determinate the effect of some plant extracts and vitamin C on growth and yield of pop corn sawing in two season . The layout of the experiment was RCBD with four replications. The treatments were karkadea Hibiscus sabdariffa L. extraction in 25%, liquorices Glycrrhiza glabra L. in 50% consenters and vitamin C in 1.5gm.L-1 in addition to control ( spray with distill water only). Results showed that liquorices was superior in plant height about 177.5 and 175 cm resp. for both season. Vitamin C was superior in ear height in fall season about 127.5cm while liquorices was the best in spring season which gave about 132.5 cm. Spraying with karkadea extracts gave best L.A. about 0.5325 m-2 and 0.4625 m-2 for both seasons resp. High number of ears per plant 1.75 , 1.5, high number of rows per ear (18 and 16), grain per row (32 and 28 ), grain per ear (57.3 and 448 grain . ear-1 ) also grain yield plant -1 ( 96.0 and 81.5 ) and total grain yield about 6.720 and 5.763 ton.ha-1 for both seasons resp. it was concluded that spraying of karkadea liquorices extracts and vitamin C could be recommended for best growth and yield of pop corn.
The effect of Aloe vera extraction on immunity
Authors: Yossef Hanaa Saleem , Yousif Ibtisam Saleem
Published: November 2021

Aloe vera aqueous extraction was examined for its immunomodulatory effect. Concentrated aqueous extraction was administrated orally 2ml/day for 30 days to the white mice, immunomodulatory effect was studied on total white blood cells (WBCs)count, phagocytosis, antibody titer and plaque forming cell (PFC). There is a significant increase in total count of WBC, reach 11300cell/ml3 at the day 28 after administration. Increase in phagocytosis activity was observed clearly after three and four week compared with control. Remarkable increase in the antibody titer against SRBCs for primary and secondary immune response (10.4±022, 14.2±2) respectively, and finally apparent effect on plaque forming cell (PFC) and maximum value was found after 5 days after immunization with SRBCs. It was 1200 PFC/106 of spleen cell.
Effect of two periods of irrigation on some Traits of inbred lines and Hybrids of Maize
Authors: Abed Ziyad A. , Al-Mashhidani Ibrahim I. H. , Mohammed Hayam A. , ALatabi Sabah D. A.
Published: November 2021

A field experiment was conducted in Coll. of Agriculture-Abu-Graib during two autumn seasons 2011 and 2012. This was to study some of growth criteria, genetic-morphological yield components for hybrids and inbred lines of maize, and to determine the relationship between yield and system capacity constant ( SCC) under two periods of irrigation (5 and 10 days), in addition to determine genotypes that have high yielding ability under sufficient and in insufficient water. A factorial arrangement of RCBD with three replicated was used. The result showed that hybrid Zm607xCA17 gave highest mean of dry matter (16.73 t/ha) and the hybrid CA17xCA21 gave highest mean of leaf area (0.44 m2) and number of kernel per ear (380.60 kernel/ear), while the hybrid OH40xZm51 gave highest mean of kernel weight (286.00 mg/kernel) and the hybrid CA21xZm607 gave highest mean of grain yield (5.69 t/ha) under the period of irrigation 5 days. While under period of irrigation 10 days, the hybrid OH40xZm51 gave highest mean of leaf area (0.41 m2) and the hybrid OH40xCA17 gave highest mean of dry matter (15.01 t/ha) and the hybrid CA17xCA21 gave highest mean of number of kernel per ear (373.38 kernel/ear), while the hybrid Zm51xCA17 was superior in kernel weight (276.00 mg/kernel) and the hybrid CA21xZm607 was gave highest mean of grain yield (4.91 t/ha) during autumn season 2011. During autumn season 2012, the hybrid Zm51xCA17 was superior in leaf area (0.46 m2) and the hybrid CA17xCA21 gave highest means of dry matter and grain yield (17.81 t/ha and 6.69 t/ha) respectively, and the hybrid OH40xCA17 gave highest mean of number of kernel per ear (410.66 kernel/ear), while the hybrid Zm51xCA17 was superior in kernel weight (280.00 mg/kernel) under period of irrigation 5 days. While under the period of irrigation 10 days, the hybrid OH40xCA17 was superior in leaf area (0.43 m2) and the hybrid CA17xCA21 gave highest means of dry matter, number of kernel per ear and grain yield (15.35 t/ha, 379.66 kernel/ear and 5.38 t/ha) respectively, while the hybrid Zm51xCA17 gave highest mean of kernel weight (275 mg/kernel). We can conclude that OH40xZm51, OH40xCA17, CA17xCA21, Zm51xCA17 and CA21xZm607 were best hybrids when application of selection program for water stresses tolerance.
Cinnamic acid activity against Trichlorfon pesticide toxicity and liver function enzymes in mice.
Authors: Mousa Nibal Kh. , Khudiar Saad H. , Qatia Iman H. , Halob Amal Ab. , Muhsin Eman A. , Mohammed Duha B. , Sabbar Shahad Sh. , Ayyash Mohammed A. , Ahmed Ishrak Ab.
Published: November 2021

The study was carried out to determine hepatotoxicity and hepatoprotective effects of cinnamic acid in comparison with vitamin C against the mutagenic pesticide influence of trichlorfon, which is a chemical compound that damages hepatic cells and has mutagenic effects. The effect was studied in mammalian system in mice depended on evaluating the enzymatic activity of three hepatic enzymes: Alanine Transaminase(ALT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST) and Alkaline Phosphate (ALP).Two concentrations of pure cinnamic acid (60,30) mg/body weight were tested to choose the suitable concentration which compared with negative control, positive control and comparative group of Vitamin C. In order to use in the interaction experiments, included two types of treatments pre-trichlorfon and post-trichlorfon in order to determine the mechanisms of the pure cinnamic acid, showed no toxic and hepatotoxicity influence in biological system and it showed highly performance in prevention or reduction in hepatotoxicity of trichlorfon. Cinnamic acid increased the ALT, AST and ALP enzymes with normal levels especially with dose of 30 mg/body weight. The positive effect of cinnamic acid was higher when used as post-trichlorfon treatments and to less extent in pre-trichlorfon treatments, therefore, cinnamic acid can be considered as a cure hepatocytes from acute liver damage also work protective to cardiac, skeletal muscle and placental tissue protective.
In vitro propagation of Narcissus tazetta L. bulbs
Authors: Salim Siham Abdal Razzaq , Abood Kawther Hadi , Razzooqee May Abdullah
Published: November 2021

In vitro technique was used to propagate Narcissus tazetta L. Two approaches were used. The first explants of basal discs and scale leaves from bulbs were cultured in MS medium containing different concentrations of BA and NAA. Cultures were incubated in light and dark. Results showed that a significant increasing in shoot numbers and lengths in both types lf explants. Treatments including; light + 7.0 mg / L BA + 0.0 mg / L NAA (15.8 shoots) and light + 3.0 mg / L BA + 1.0 mg/L NAA (9.04 cm) were significant for the basal disc. while the treatments: light + 3.0 mg / L BA + 0.0 mg /L NAA (12.5 shoots ) and light + 1.0 mg / L BA + 0.0 mg / L NAA (5.02 cm) were the best for scale leaves. Callus was induced largely in explants cultured in dark and high concentrations of NAA. The second experiment: shoots from above were cultured in MS medium containing sucrose 3 or 6% with IBA 0.5, 1.0 , 1.5 mg / L for bulb lets formation. The highest numbers of bulb lets 3.2, 3.4 were observed in: 3% sucrose + 1.5 mg / L IBA and 6% sucrose + 1.0 mg / L IBA respective. On the other hand, the bulb let diameter 7.42 mm and weight 320.4 mg were observed in: 3% sucrose + 1.5 mg/ L IBA and 3% sucrose + 0.5 mg / L IBA respectively. The formed bulb lets were transferred to peat moss plus river soil media, which then successfully grown and gave vegetative shoots in the percent 98%. Abbreviations: BA(6-benzyl adenine) ; NAA(α-naphthalene acetic acid ); IBA ( Indole – butyric acid ); MS ( Murashige and Skoog medium).
Effects of some cultural media and temperatures on viability of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. after different storage periods
Authors: Abas Belsim Ahmed , Diwan Hussein Magtoff , Hemid Heyder , Aboud Faten Hemada
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of interaction between different storage conditions on the viability of Beauveria bassiana spores. The test interaction involved incubating fungus spores in four media; Nutrient broth (NB), Potato extract dextrose agar (PDA), mixture of Wheat bran and corn cobs powder (WC) at the ratio 3: 1 supplied with distilled water and distilled water only as control under different temperature degrees ; Refrigerator temperature degree 8-10 Cº, Freez temperature degree -20 Cº , Lab temperature degree 28 ± 2 Cº and Incubator temperature degree 35 ± 1 Cº after three periods of storage ; one , two and three months. The results showed that the best period in which spores maintained their viability was one month of storage under different temperature conditions in all media whereas the percentage of the viability was 56.4 – 85.1% , the viability percentage was best at refrigerator were was 70.8 – 85.1% , 51.3 – 76.9% and 33.1 – 55.7% after one , two and three months of storage respectively. The results also showed that the WC was the best medium to maintain the percentage of spore viability after three months of storage which was 55.7%. On the other hand, the spore viability showed sharp reduction after three months of storage in all media at different temperatures whereas the percentage of viability was 17.1 – 55.7 %, at the second month a percentage of viability was 36.2–76.9%.
Detection of cancer stem cell in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast using CD44marker
Authors: Hadi Teeba Khalid , Abdulla Ahmed Rushdi
Published: November 2021

The breast cancer is the most common non-skin malignancy in women. Prognostic factors are important in predicting disease. Malignant tumors are composed of a small population of distinct cancer cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess characteristics of both stem cells and cancer cells, in that they have the properties of self-renewal, asymmetric cell division, resistance to apoptosis, independent growth, tumourigenicity and metastatic potential. Objective of this studythat detect cancer stem cell of breast cancer patients by using CD44 and study the compares between patients with breast cancer and patients with benign breast lesions. This study which included 31 patients with breast cancer and 19 patients with benign breast lesions Prognostic factors were registered including: age, histopathological subtype, degree of differentiation. Results of this was Positive expression ofCD44 was observed in 16 cases, while 15cases were negative expression of CD44 out of 31samplesof breast cancer. In Benign1cases were positive expression, while 18 cases were negative expression. CD44 expression showed high significant difference between malignant breast samples and benign samples (P <0.001).
Micro propagation of four Potato Cultivars Solanum tuberosum L. in vitro
Authors: AL-Hussaini Zainab Abduljabar Hussain , Yousif Shatha Ayed , Musa Shymaa Abdullateef , Abd Nora Sahib , Abduljabar Tagreed , Muhsen Hayfa
Published: November 2021

Vegetative buds excised from tubers for four varieties of potatoes namely: Arnova, Brovento, Rivira and Bureen (after breaking the dormancy phase) which sterilized with 2% Sodium hypochlorite for 10 minutes and cultured in the MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of IAA or IBA with different concentration of BA, as well as control treatment in the initiation stage, while different concentrations of BA (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2 mg/l) with 0.5 IAA mg/l in multiplication stage. All cultures incubated at a temperature of 2 ± 25º C and an illumination of 1000 lux for 16 hours/ day. Data of mean number of branches shoot per plant and their length and leaves for two stages were investigated. The results showed that BA + IAA at 0.5 mg/L for each one, gave the highest initiated percentage, shoot per plant ,length, reached 75%, 1.5 shoot / bud, 2.21cm and 3.88, leaf/ bud, respectively. Results of multiplication indicated that there was a significant interaction effect of both cultivars and BA concentration on all characterizes, Based on this interaction, Arnova cultivars at 1.5 mg/L BA showed the highest mean of shoot per plant (4.0) While Rivera cultivars at 0.5 mg/L BA gave highest mean of length, leaves per plant reached 6.45cm,7.75 leaf/plant respectively.
Effect of growth regulator on in vitro potato growth var. Arnova and Borin
Authors: Saeed Tagreed Abd Al Jabar , Abd Noura Sahib , Yousif Shatha Ayed , Hussain Lina Ali , Mohammed Abd Al Kareem Qasim
Published: November 2021

This study was focused to test the effect of BA concentrations 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/l on multiplication of two potato varieties, namely Arnova and Borin. In vitro microtubers production was tested by adding 4 mg/l of BA or kinetin with 80 gm sucrose/l. Results of multiplication indicated that there were significant differences between genotypes in leaves number. Studied of BA concentration and interaction between cultivars and BA revealed that there were significant effect in plant height, branch length/plant, leaves number/plant and cut number/plant. In case of microtubers induction, the result showed that there were no significant effect of varieties and plant growth on number and diameter of microtubers.
Histopathological changes resulted exposure the common carp fish Cyprinus carpioL. to diazinon pesticide
Authors: M. Sarab R. , A. Russul B. , A. Shaimaa M. , A. Suha A.
Published: November 2021

In the present study, the effects of diazinon on Cyprinus carpio L. were investigated according to the following parameters: determination of median lethal concentration (LC50), gross pathological lesions and histopathological changes. To simulate the situation in the nature regarding the possible mode of exposure of fishes to pesticide, experiments of acute and accumulate subacute exposures were designed. For acute exposure, groups of fish were exposed to 0.025, 0.050, 0.100, 0.150, 0.200, 0.250 and 0.300)ppm, respectively for 72 hrs. at 15 C° and pH7.5 to simulate the subacute exposure, a group of fishes were exposed to 0.006 ppm as an accumulated concentration during 15 days. The most prominent results was as following the LC50 was found to be 0.150 ppm. Gross lesions and microscopically examination of tissues of acutely or chronically exposed fish after 3, 15, 30 and 45day from the end exposure was conducted the examination revealed histopathological changes in (gills, livers and kidneys) damage of all the tissues were observed as inflammatory response of fish to get rid of the toxic material also proliferation of bile duct in liver was observed.
Effect of electric current and ultra violet of elements and protein in shoot of three Hybrids of Cucumis sativus L. In vitro
Authors: Aljibouri Aljibouri, Abedaljasim M , Al- Saadi Al- Saadi Abas A , Al-Bassam Al-Bassam Suha M.
Published: November 2021

Three hybrids of American cucumber were studied, they are Lot number EM285 labelednumber 1, Hybrid tocaeen F1 labeled number 2, Hybrid super green F1 labeled number 3. Theseeds of these hybrids were exposure to four frequencies of electric current 0,1,2 and 2.5 Am for5 minutes and 4 periods of ultra violate rays UV at 254 nm. For 0,30,60 and 90 second. Thesterilized seeds were cultured in MS medium. After 3 weeks apical meristems of seedling wereexcise and cultured in new MS medium and of 5 weeks shoot systems were taken to study theelement content nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium and magnesium in addition toestimate protein percentage. The results showed that hybrid 3 had a significant increase ofelement contents and protein percentage compared with hybrid1 and 2.The interactions betweenhybrid3 and 90 sec. UV exposure showed the highest content of calcium element reached 2.73mg.gm-1 with an increase of 184.37%compared with the control. The interaction between 2.5 Amand 90 sec. UV exposure showed the highest rate of protein reached 15.5%with significantdifferences of all interactions.
Two novel missense mutations in exon 9 of TPO gene in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome patients with hypothyroidism
Authors: Al-Deresawi Mahdi Saber G. Al-Deresawi , AlFaisal Abdul Hussein Moyet AlFaisal
Published: November 2021

This study was reflected on the relationship between the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the geneticalternations in TPO gene. Fifty infertile Iraqi women with PCOS and 20 healthy women were included in thisstudy, Blood samples were collected from the Infertility center of AL-Yarmok Teaching Hospital in Baghdad,during the period from November, 2010 to May, 2011. The age of infertile and fertile women was ranged from 16 to45 years. The results of hormonal assay were as follows: There is significant (P ≤0.05) decrease in E2 and FSHlevels in PCOS women and fertile women, There is significant (P ≤0.05) increase in LH levels in PCOS women andfertile women. There is no significant differences in Testosterone levels and the ratio of LH/FSH was ≥1.5. Themolecular study was focused on the 18% of PCOS women with hypothyroidism. By sequencing for 27 samples; twonovel different mutations were identified in the reading frame of the TPO gene in transcript variant of exon 9:c.1471delC (deletion C in codon 460) and c.1481delC (deletion C in codon 464). The percentage of mutationsc.1481delC and c.1471delC recorded 55% and 44% of PCOS with hypothyroidism; respectively.
تاثير تركيز الاملاح اللاعضويةفي تجذير افرع اصلي التفاح والكمثري خارج الجسم الحي
Authors: Abed Noura Sahib , Hussain Zainab Abduljabar , Saeed Tagreed Abduljabar , Mohammed Eklase lazem , Abdl razak Ashwak , Mohammed Abd Al Kareem Qasim
Published: November 2021

درس تاثير تراكيز مختلفه من الاملاج الاعضوية (قوةكاملة نصف قوة ضعف قوة)والخالي من منظمات النموفي تجذير افرع التفاحوالكثري خارج جسم الجسم الحي تحت شدةاضاءة لوكس لمدة 8 اسابيع اظهرت النتائج ان نسبة تركيز النصف اعطت اعلى نتائج بلغت سبعون بالمئة مع التركيزين الاخرين كما اظهرت النتائج تفوق الكمثري في عدد وطول جذور في حين تفوق اصل الكمثري في معدل طول النبات
علاقة تعدد المظاهر لجين شبيه الانسولين للامهات مع وزن وابعاد الجسم للحملان العواسي لتركي عند الميلاد والفطام
Authors: AL-Ithawi AL-Ithawi R.H , Al-Anbari Al-Anbari N.N , Al nada Saad M.
Published: November 2021

ان هرمون النمو الشبيه بالانسولين يعد من الجينات المرشحة لتكون واسمات وراثية مرتبطة بصفات النمو في الحبوانات  ومنها الاغنام يهدف البحث الى تحديد تعدد  المظاهر في اغنام العواسي التركي ودراسة العلاقة بين التركيب الوراثي لها وبعض صفات النمو تم استخلاص الدي ان اي من اربع وستون نعجة واستخدام برايمرات مجددة لمضاعفة المنطقة من الجين بتقانة البي سي ار كما تم تحديد تعدد المظاهر الوراثية  اما باقي الصفات المدروسة عند الميلاد فلم تتاثر معنويا باختلاف التركيب الوراثي للجين اما عند الفطام فكان هناك اختلاف معنوي في الوزن ومعدل الزيادة الوزنية وبلغ التكرار الاليلي للاليل 0.70في حين كان التكرار للاليل 0.30 وفق تحليل جين شبيه  الانسولين
The Effect of Aqueous Albizia Flowers Extract Albizia lebbeck on Production of Certain Enzymes from Salmonella typhi
Authors: AL-Sa'ady Ali J. R. , Abbas Lamees M.R. , Abbas Lamees M.R.
Published: November 2021

Salmonella typhi is Gram-negative and pathogenic bacteria, its produces variety of enzymes for growth.The present study aimed to study the effect of aqueous albizia flower extract 10 % on production of threeenzymes from Salmonella typhi, and the effect of this extract on their activity. The production of amylaseand protease enzymes from Salmonella typhi, were increased after addition of crude plant extract 10%into media with specific activity 141.3 and 72.6 U/mg respectively, while production of cellulase wasdecreased after addition, with specific activity 31 U/mg, compare with specific activity before addition ofcrude plant extract. Aqueous Albizia flowers extract 10% increases specific activity of amylase andprotease, where they gave 16 and73.8 U/mg respectively after incubation with plant extract for 30minutes, while specific activity 6.2 U/mg for cellulase was decreased after this incubation, compare withspecific activity before incubation with plant extract. The phytochemicals screening of aqueous Albiziaflower extract were positive for alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and saponins,while were negative for terpens, resins, coumarines and anthraquinones.
Genetic Variants in JAK1 Gene and Susceptibility to Hepatitis C Viral Infection in Iraq
Authors: Chaloob Fatima Abood
Published: November 2021

Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) imposes a global challenge with over 180 million cases worldwide. Only few patients spontaneously had their virus neutralized, while most patients develop chronic HCV infection. This implies a key role of genetic factors in viral clearance or persistence. The current study aimed at clarifying the effect of certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on individual's susceptibility to HCV infection.  A total of 60 patients with confirmed HCV infection and 35 apparently healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. Blood sample was obtained from each participant, from which DNA was extracted. The JAK1gene was amplified with conventional PCR technique using three sets of primers targeting three SNPs in this gene: rs2780895, rs4244165 and rs17127024. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used for genotyping of PCR products. Each of rs2780895 and rs17127024 had two genotypes in both patients and controls, however, only the heterozygous genotype of the SNP rs2780895 (CT) significantly associated with the susceptibility to HCV. The SNP rs4244165 appeared in only with homozygous wild genotype (GG) in both patients and controls. It can be concluded that allele T of the SNP rs2780895 could be considered as a risk factor for infection with HCV