bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of the entire overdischarge process and overdischarge-induced internal short circuit in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Guo Rui , Lu Languang , Ouyang Minggao , Feng Xuning
Published: July 2016

Lithium-ion batteries connected in series are prone to be overdischarged. Overdischarge results in various side effects, such as capacity degradation and internal short circuit (ISCr). However, most of previous research on the overdischarge of a cell was terminated when the cell voltage dropped to 0 V, leaving the further impacts of overdischarge unclear. This paper investigates the entire overdischarge process of large-format lithium-ion batteries by discharging the cell to −100% state of charge (SOC). A significant voltage platform is observed at approximately −12% SOC and ISCr is detected after the cell is overdischarged when passing the platform. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that the overdischarge-induced ISCr is caused by Cu deposition on electrodes, suggesting possible Cu collector dissolution at the voltage platform near −12% SOC. A prognostic/mechanistic model considering ISCr is used to evaluate the resistance of ISCr (RISCr), the value of which decreases sharply at the beginning of ISCr formation. Inducing the ISCr by overdischarge is effective and well controlled without any mechanical deformation or the use of a foreign substance.
The first non Clostridial botulinum-like toxin cleaves VAMP within the juxtamembrane domain
Authors: Zornetta Irene , Azarnia Tehran Domenico , Arrigoni Giorgio , Anniballi Fabrizio , Bano Luca , Leka Oneda , Zanotti Giuseppe , Binz Thomas , Montecucco Cesare
Published: July 2016

The genome of Weissella oryzae SG25T was recently sequenced and a botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) like gene was identified by bioinformatics methods. The typical three-domains organization of BoNTs with a N-terminal metalloprotease domain, a translocation and a cell binding domains could be identified. The BoNT family of neurotoxins is rapidly growing, but this was the first indication of the possible expression of a BoNT toxin outside the Clostridium genus. We performed molecular modeling and dynamics simulations showing that the 50 kDa N-terminal domain folds very similarly to the metalloprotease domain of BoNT/B, whilst the binding part is different. However, neither the recombinant metalloprotease nor the binding domains showed cross-reactivity with the standard antisera that define the seven serotypes of BoNTs. We found that the purified Weissella metalloprotease cleaves VAMP at a single site untouched by the other VAMP-specific BoNTs. This site is a unique Trp-Trp peptide bond located within the juxtamembrane segment of VAMP which is essential for neurotransmitter release. Therefore, the present study identifies the first non-Clostridial BoNT-like metalloprotease that cleaves VAMP at a novel and relevant site and we propose to label it BoNT/Wo.
Fibroblast growth factor rescues brain endothelial cells lacking presenilin 1 from apoptotic cell death following serum starvation
Authors: Gama Sosa Miguel A. , De Gasperi Rita , Hof Patrick R. , Elder Gregory A.
Published: July 2016

Presenilin 1 (Psen1) is important for vascular brain development and is known to influence cellular stress responses. To understand the role of Psen1 in endothelial stress responses, we investigated the effects of serum withdrawal on wild type (wt) and Psen1−/− embryonic brain endothelial cells. Serum starvation induced apoptosis in Psen1−/− cells but did not affect wt cells. PI3K/AKT signaling was reduced in serum-starved Psen1−/− cells and this was associated with elevated levels of phospho-p38 consistent with decreased pro-survival AKT signaling in the absence of Psen1. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF1 and FGF2), but not vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) rescued Psen1−/− cells from serum starvation induced apoptosis. Inhibition of FGF signaling induced apoptosis in wt cells under serum withdrawal, while blocking γ-secretase activity had no effect. In the absence of serum, FGF2 immunoreactivity was distributed diffusely in cytoplasmic and nuclear vesicles of wt and Psen1−/− cells, as levels of FGF2 in nuclear and cytosolic fractions were not significantly different. Thus, sensitivity of Psen1−/− cells to serum starvation is not due to lack of FGF synthesis but likely to effects of Psen1 on FGF release onto the cell surface and impaired activation of the PI3K/AKT survival pathway.
Transcriptome sequencing wide functional analysis of human mesenchymal stem cells in response to TLR4 ligand
Authors: Kim Sun Hwa , Das Amitabh , Chai Jin Choul , Binas Bert , Choi Mi Ran , Park Kyoung Sun , Lee Young Seek , Jung Kyoung Hwa , Chai Young Gyu
Published: July 2016

Due to their multipotentiality and immunomodulation, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are widely studied for the treatment of degenerative and inflammatory diseases. Transplantation of hMSCs to damaged tissue is a promising approach for tissue regeneration. However, the physiological mechanisms and regulatory processes of MSC trafficking to injured tissue are largely unexplored. Here, we evaluated the gene expression profile and migratory potential of hMSCs upon stimulation with the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Using RNA sequencing, we identified unique induction patterns of interferon stimulated genes, cytokines and chemokines involved in chemotaxis and homing. The −950 to +50 bp regions of many of these LPS-responsive genes were enriched with putative binding motifs for the transcription factors (TFs) interferon regulatory factor (IRF1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB1, REL), which were also induced by LPS along with other TFs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that IRF1 bound within their target genes promoter region. In addition, IRF1 attenuation significantly down-regulated interferon stimulated genes as well as key cytokines. Furthermore, using pharmacological inhibitors, we showed that the NF-κB and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways regulate the migratory and cytokines/chemokines response to LPS. These unprecedented data suggest that IRF1 and NF-κB orchestrate the TLR4-primed immunomodulatory response of hMSCs and that this response also involves the PI3K pathway.
Identification of apolipoprotein using feature selection technique
Authors: Tang Hua , Zou Ping , Zhang Chunmei , Chen Rong , Chen Wei , Lin Hao
Published: July 2016

Apolipoprotein is a kind of protein which can transport the lipids through the lymphatic and circulatory systems. The abnormal expression level of apolipoprotein always causes angiocardiopathy. Thus, correct recognition of apolipoprotein from proteomic data is very crucial to the comprehension of cardiovascular system and drug design. This study is to develop a computational model to predict apolipoproteins. In the model, the apolipoproteins and non-apolipoproteins were collected to form benchmark dataset. On the basis of the dataset, we extracted the g-gap dipeptide composition information from residue sequences to formulate protein samples. To exclude redundant information or noise, the analysis of various (ANOVA)-based feature selection technique was proposed to find out the best feature subset. The support vector machine (SVM) was selected as discrimination algorithm. Results show that 96.2% of sensitivity and 99.3% of specificity were achieved in five-fold cross-validation. These findings open new perspectives to improve apolipoproteins prediction by considering the specific dipeptides. We expect that these findings will help to improve drug development in anti-angiocardiopathy disease.
A glycosaminoglycan mimetic peptide nanofiber gel as an osteoinductive scaffold
Authors: Tansik Gulistan , Kilic Erden , Beter Mustafa , Demiralp Bahtiyar , Kiziltas Sendur Gullu , Can Nuray , Ozkan Huseyin , Ergul Elif , Guler Mustafa O. , Tekinay Ayse B.
Published: July 2016

The self-assembling injectable bioactive peptide nanofibers have a potential therapeutic effect for acceleration of healing of bone defects.
{Tc(NO)(Cp)(PPh3)}+– a novel technetium(i) core
Authors: Ackermann J. , Hagenbach A. , Abram U.
Published: July 2016

Access to pseudotetrahedral [Tc(NO)(Cp)(PPh3)X]0,+complexes (X = halide, Ph, CO) has been found by a convenient procedure starting from [Tc(NO)Y2(PPh3)2(MeCN)] (Y = Cl, Br) and subsequent ligand exchange reactions.
Bacterial Cu+-ATPases: models for molecular structure–function studies
Authors: Argüello José M. , Patel Sarju J. , Quintana Julia
Published: July 2016

The characterization of bacterial Cu+-ATPases has significantly furthered our understanding of the structure, selectivity and transport mechanism of these enzymes, as well as their interplay with other elements of Cu+distribution networks.
Selenomethionine reduces the deposition of beta-amyloid plaques by modulating β-secretase and enhancing selenoenzymatic activity in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhang Zhong-Hao , Chen Chen , Wu Qiu-Yan , Zheng Rui , Liu Qiong , Ni Jia-Zuan , Hoffmann Peter R. , Song Guo-Li
Published: July 2016

Effects on Aβ production and the probable connection among selenoenzymes, GSK3β and Aβ pathology by selenomethionine treatment in AD mice.
Hairy cellulose nanocrystalloids: a novel class of nanocellulose
Authors: van de Ven Theo G. M. , Sheikhi Amir
Published: July 2016

Cellulose nanofibrils (left), the main building blocks of wood fibers, are chemically treated to fall apart from the amorphous regions and yield hairy nanocrystalline celluloses and modified cellulose biopolymers (right).
Protein–polymer conjugates prepared via host–guest interactions: effects of the conjugation site, polymer type and molecular weight on protein activity
Authors: Cao Limin , Shi Xiujuan , Cui Yuecheng , Yang Weikang , Chen Gaojian , Yuan Lin , Chen Hong
Published: July 2016

Protein–polymer conjugates are preparedviahost–guest interactions and the effects of various parameters on protein activity are investigated.
Using sulfite pretreatment to improve the biodegradability of waste activated sludge
Authors: Zan Feixiang , Hao Tianwei , Chi Kun , Ekama George A. , Chen Guanghao
Published: July 2016

Significant improvement (∼51%) in biodegradability of waste activated sludge with sulfite pretreatment.
Insulator-quantum Hall transition in monolayer epitaxial graphene
Authors: Huang Lung-I. , Yang Yanfei , Elmquist Randolph E. , Lo Shun-Tsung , Liu Fan-Hung , Liang Chi-Te
Published: July 2016

We report on magneto-transport measurements on low-density, large-area monolayer epitaxial graphene devices grown on SiC.
A novel 2-(2′-aminophenyl)benzothiazole derivative displays ESIPT and permits selective detection of Zn2+ ions: experimental and theoretical studies
Authors: Janakipriya Subramaniyan , Tamilmani Selvaraj , Thennarasu Sathiah
Published: July 2016

Synthesis of a novel 2-(2′-aminophenyl)benzothiazole based probe (1) and demonstration of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) with a large Stokes shift (∼246 nm) are presented.
Isolation and characterization of copper(iii) trifluoromethyl complexes and reactivity studies of aerobic trifluoromethylation of arylboronic acids
Authors: Zhang Song-Lin , Bie Wen-Feng
Published: July 2016

Novel phenCuIII–CF3 complexes, isolated purely and fully characterized, are highly reactive for aerobic trifluoromethylation of arylboronic acids.
Acellular dermal matrix from one-day-old mouse skin on adult scarless cutaneous wound repair by second harmonic generation microscopic imaging
Authors: Han Xue , Liu Hanping , Chen Maosheng , Gong Li , Pang Hongwen , Deng Xiaoyuan , Jin Ying
Published: July 2016

The impacts of two types of acellular dermal matrix (ADM), ADM-1D and ADM-20W (ADM from 1-day-old and 20-week-old mouse skin), are evaluated on collagen density, orientation and the stiffness of new born dermis in adult cutaneous wound healing.
One-pot synthesis of fused benzoxazino[1,2,3]triazolyl[4,5-c]quinolinone derivatives and their anticancer activity
Authors: Narsimha Sirassu , Battula Kumara Swamy , Nukala Satheesh Kumar , Gondru Ramesh , Reddy Yellu Narasimha , Nagavelli Vasudeva Reedy
Published: July 2016

Cu/Pd catalyzed one pot synthesis of fused benzoxazino[1,2,3]triazolyl[4,5-c]quinolinone hybrids and their cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines MCF-7, HeLa and A-549 is described.
Optical measurement of trace level water vapours using functionalized porous silicon: selectivity studies
Authors: Dhanekar Saakshi , Sharma Indu , Islam S. S.
Published: July 2016

Selective detection of trace level water vapours by functionalized porous silicon using PL quenching technique is reported. Sensors were exposed to alcohols and water vapours. Correlation between sensing response and surface chemistry has been established.
Cu–Pd/γ-Al2O3catalyzed the coupling of multi-step reactions: direct synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives
Authors: Feng Feng , Ye Jia , Cheng Zheng , Xu Xiaoliang , Zhang Qunfeng , Ma Lei , Lu Chunshan , Li Xiaonian
Published: July 2016

Catalyzed by the synergy effects of Cu–Pd bimetal and acidity of γ-Al2O3, the transfer hydrogenation and successive cyclization coupling reaction fromo-nitroaniline and alcohol to afford benzimidazole derivatives in high yield was realized.
Influence of Ru precursors on the activity of Ru/Al2O3–TiO2 catalysts for catalytic wet air oxidation of high concentration organic compounds
Authors: Lu Fagui , Yu Chaoying , Meng Xu , Zhang Jinqi , Chen Gexin , Zhao Peiqing
Published: July 2016

The nature of the Ru precursors affected the performance of Ru catalysts with those prepared from chloride-free Ru precursors being more active than those prepared from chlorine-containing Ru precursors.
Dietary chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation improves foetal survival and reproductive performance in multiparous sows
Authors: Wan Jin , Yang Kaiyun , Xu Qingsong , Chen Daiwen , Yu Bing , Luo Yuheng , He Jun
Published: July 2016

Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), a partially hydrolysed product of chitosan, has various important biological activities.
3D interconnected networks of a ternary hierarchical carbon nanofiber/MnO2/Ni(OH)2 architecture as integrated electrodes for all-solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Zhou Dan , Niu Hao , Lin Huiming , Yang Xue , Jiang He , Zhang Ting , Wang Qian , Qu Fengyu
Published: July 2016

3D interconnected networks of ternary hierarchical carbon nanofiber/MnO2/Ni(OH)2 architectures are fabricated by a facile electrospinning method combined with hydrothermal approach.
Methyl-viologen modified ZnO nanotubes for use in electrochromic devices
Authors: Li Shao-yang , Wang Yue , Wu Jia-Gen , Guo Li-feng , Ye Mao , Shao Yin-Hua , Wang Rong , Zhao Cui-e , Wei Ang
Published: July 2016

Efficiently changing optical properties (reflectance, transmittance, and absorbance) through reversible color changes of electrochromic (EC) materials is challenging and critical in achieving high-performance EC devices.
Black phosphorus crystal as a saturable absorber for both a Q-switched and mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser
Authors: Ismail E. I. , Kadir N. A. , Latiff A. A. , Ahmad H. , Harun S. W.
Published: July 2016

We report a simple way to generate Q-switched and mode-locked pulses by incorporating black phosphorus (BP) as a saturable absorber (SA) in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) cavity.
CoOOH ultrafine nanoparticles for supercapacitors
Authors: Wen Wei , Liang Dong , Cheng Ji-Peng , Wu Jin-Ming
Published: July 2016

CoOOH ultrafine nanoparticles with a high surface area were prepared by a novel route to achieve enhanced electrochemical performances.
Sisal fiber-based solid amine adsorbent and its kinetic adsorption behaviors for CO2
Authors: Luo Shihe , Chen Siyu , Chen Yuan , Chen Shuixia , Ma Nianfang , Wu Qinghua
Published: July 2016

A sisal-based solid amine adsorbent was prepared by grafting acrylamide and then aminating with amine agents. Remarkable CO2adsorption capacity (4.20 mmol g−1) was achieved due to unique texture of vegetable and plentiful amine groups.
PhI(OAc)2 oxidative C5 halogenation of quinolines using copper halides under mild conditions
Authors: Liu Xing-Xing , Wu Zhao-Yang , Luo Xin-Liang , He Yong-Qin , Zhou Xiao-Qiang , Fan Yu-Xing , Huang Guo-Sheng
Published: July 2016

A concise and efficient protocol for PhI(OAc)2 oxidation halogenation of quinoline at the C5 position was developed, affording the desired remote C–H activation products in moderate to excellent yields.
MnOx supported on a TiO2@SBA-15 nanoreactor used as an efficient catalyst for one-pot synthesis of imine by oxidative coupling of benzyl alcohol and aniline under atmospheric air
Authors: Mandal Sandip , Maity Sudip , Saha Sujan , Banerjee Biplab
Published: July 2016

Mesoporous silica (SBA-15) encapsulated TiO2 nanoreactor used as support for MnOx and it (MnOx/TiO2@SBA-15) acts as catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of imine by oxidative coupling between benzyl alcohol & aniline in the presence of atmospheric air.
Evaluation of the thermochemical properties of Ho–Cd intermetallic compounds using electrochemical techniques
Authors: Castrillejo Y. , Oduber F. , Barrado E.
Published: July 2016

The electrochemical formation of HoCd6, HoCd45/11, HoCd3, HoCd2 and HoCd, on a Cd coated tungsten electrode in the eutectic LiCl–KCl has been evaluated using electrochemical techniques over the temperature range of 673–823 K.
Fabrication of water-repellent surfaces on galvanized steel
Authors: Montes Ruiz-Cabello F. Javier , Amirfazli A. , Cabrerizo-Vílchez M. , Rodríguez-Valverde M. A.
Published: July 2016

The fabricated superhydrophobic galvanized steel surfaces possess a hierarchic micro/nano texture. Micro-texture is incorporated by sandblasting, while the nano-texture by “soft” acid etching.
Synergistic effect of phosphorus–nitrogen and silicon-containing chain extenders on the mechanical properties, flame retardancy and thermal degradation behavior of waterborne polyurethane
Authors: Zhang Peikun , Fan Haojun , Tian Saiqi , Chen Yi , Yan Jun
Published: July 2016

A phosphorus–nitrogen–silicon containing waterborne polyurethane (FRWPU) was synthesized in order to improve flame retardancy without sacrificing thermal stability and mechanical properties.
iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis for identification of biomarkers associated with emodin against severe acute pancreatitis in rats
Authors: Xiang Hong , Zhang Qingkai , Wang Danqi , Xia Shilin , Wang Guijun , Zhang Guixin , Chen Hailong , Wu Yingjie , Shang Dong
Published: July 2016

Emodin has potent actions against SAP injury by inhibiting the HTRA1/TGF-β1 signaling pathway and subsequent inflammatory responses.
Hydrogen bonding in cyclic complexes of carboxylic acid–sulfuric acid and their atmospheric implications
Authors: Zhao Hailiang , Zhang Qun , Du Lin
Published: July 2016

Carboxylic acids form cyclic ring structures with sulfuric acid and they could potentially be important in new particle formation.
Perylene bisimide hydrogels and lyotropic liquid crystals with temperature-responsive color change
Authors: Görl Daniel , Soberats Bartolome , Herbst Stefanie , Stepanenko Vladimir , Würthner Frank
Published: July 2016

Tuning of the temperature response of perylene bisimide hydrogels exhibiting LCST behavior has been achieved by social self-assembly in water.
Homologous metal-free electrocatalysts grown on three-dimensional carbon networks for overall water splitting in acidic and alkaline media
Authors: Peng Zheng , Yang Siwei , Jia Dingsi , Da Peimei , He Peng , Al-Enizi Abdullah M. , Ding Guqiao , Xie Xiaoming , Zheng Gengfeng
Published: July 2016

Homologous metal-free electrocatalysts grown on three-dimensional carbon networks are integrated for overall water splitting in acidic and alkaline media.
Inorganic halide perovskite quantum dot modified YAG-based white LEDs with superior performance
Authors: Zhou Jiangcong , Huang Feng , Lin Hang , Lin Zebin , Xu Ju , Wang Yuansheng
Published: July 2016

Inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3−xIx(x= 0–3) QDs with tunable emission wavelength, narrow emission band and high quantum yields were synthesized. The fabricated CsPbBrI2QD-modified WLEDs show excellent performance in luminous efficacy, CCT and CRI, which are quite stable at an operational current as high as 350 mA.
Microgrid protection using Hilbert–Huang transform based‐differential scheme
Authors: Gururani Ashika , Mohanty Soumya R. , Mohanta Jagadish Chandra
Published: July 2016

Time–frequency‐based differential scheme is proposed for microgrid protection using non‐stationary signal analysis. The non‐stationary signal processing algorithm Hilbert–Huang Transform (HHT) have been implemented for the protection objective and the comparative assessment with that of S‐transform, differential current is carried out in order to demonstrate the reliability of the proposed protection scheme with different case studies. The series of simulation results demonstrates the efficacy of HHT, than that of S‐transform in some critical cases such as high impedance fault where accurate detection is a challenge. The configuration of the microgrid test model has been developed in PSCAD with different distributed generation such as photovoltaic and wind generation system penetrated at different buses. Thus, it is found that the HHT scheme is quite reliable and efficient for fault detection objective.
Self‐adaptive differential approach for transient stability constrained optimal power flow
Authors: Chen Yingying , Luo Fengji , Xu Yan , Qiu Jing
Published: July 2016

A new transient stability‐constrained optimal power flow (TSCOPF) model for power system optimal operations is presented in this study. The proposed model is a non‐linear, non‐convex, discrete, and non‐differentiable optimisation problem, and very difficult to be solved by classic programming algorithms. In this study, an effective optimisation framework is developed to address the TSCOPF problem. The self‐adaptive differential evolution (SaDE) algorithm is employed in the framework, which can effectively eliminate the needs for the strategy selection process and at the same time improve the robustness of the DE search process. The benchmark New England 10‐generator, 39‐bus system is used to verify the efficacy of this algorithm. The simulation result obtained using SaDE is compared with both conventional mathematical method and the recently published heuristic methods for OPF problems. The simulation results reveal that the SaDE optimisation technique outperforms other algorithms in both terms of robustness and solution quality.
Measurement‐based dynamic load modelling using time‐domain simulation and parallel‐evolutionary search
Authors: Zhang Rui , Xu Yan , Dong Zhao Yang , Wong Kit Po
Published: July 2016

Conventional approaches for measurement‐based load modelling uses measured voltage (V) as the input to calculate the load model output – P and Q powers. This assumes that the P and Q response is a function of V. In fact, there is an inherent interaction among the three variables (P, Q, and V) especially when motor load occupies a large proportion. With increased penetration of wind power, the fault‐induced dynamic voltage response is becoming a serious concern given the low‐voltage‐ride‐through (LVRT) requirement of wind turbines. This paper firstly shows that given different load model parameters, the V responses can vary significantly. Then, an improved method is proposed for more accurate measurement‐based load modelling. The proposed method incorporates the V response into the load model output, therefore is able to accurately reflect the dynamic voltage trajectories. Given the load model parameters, the system responses of P, Q, and V are all simulated via time‐domain simulations using industry‐grade software, and problem is to search the load model parameters to minimise the fitting error between the simulated and measured system responses. A trajectory sensitivity index is used to identify the well‐conditioned parameters, and a parallel‐differential evolutionary algorithm is designed to solve the model.
Network impulse response based‐on fault location method for fault location in power distribution systems
Authors: Abad Marta , García‐Gracia Miguel , El Halabi Nabil , López Andía Diego
Published: July 2016

This study proposes a new time‐domain fault location method based on the impulse response (image) of a power system. The proposed algorithm captures an electrical image of the power system in normal operation by injecting a train of impulses. Following fault detection, an updated electrical image is acquired and compared with the normal operating image. The comparison between both images, in time domain, permits the estimation of the distance to the fault. The performance of the proposed method has been evaluated in a 20 kV distribution system modelled in power systems computer‐aided design/electro‐magnetic transient design and control (PSCAD/EMTDC). Moreover, laboratory and field tests in a 15 kV overhead line have been carried out to verify and validate model accuracy and performance. Results show a considerable improvement in the accuracy of fault distance estimation compared with existing algorithms. A relevant advantage of the proposed method is its high immunity to ground resistivity, fault resistance and fault type and location in the distribution system.
Probabilistic evaluation of available load supply capability of distribution networks as an index for wind turbines allocation
Authors: Arabi Alireza , Ramezani Maryam , Falaghi Hamid
Published: July 2016

This study deals with placement of wind turbines in distribution networks for maximising the probabilistic index of load supply capability (LSC). To calculate this index, one of the most accurate and efficient probabilistic simulation methods known as Latin hypercube sampling is used. Variations of load and output power of wind turbines are considered in the probabilistic evaluation of LSC. Moreover, the constraints of maximum voltage drop and current carrying capacity of conductors are considered as the limiting factors of the network LSC. Since there is a correlation between the network load and the output power of wind turbines, considering this correlation in simulations will push the results closer to reality. Therefore, the Cholesky decomposition approach is used to take into account the correlation between the input variables of the problem. Casestudiesare carried out on the 33‐bus IEEE distribution network. The results of case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Stereodivergent Hydrosilylation, Hydrostannylation, and Hydrogermylation of α-Trifluoromethylated Alkynes and Their Synthetic Applications
Authors: Tresse Cédric , Schweizer Stéphane , Bisseret Philippe , Lalevée Jacques , Evano Gwilherm , Blanchard Nicolas
Published: July 2016

Stereoselective hydrometalation reactions of aryl- and alkyl-substituted trifluoromethylated alkynes with triethylsilane, tributylstannane, and triphenylgermane have been investigated. (E)-α-CF3-Vinylsilanes, -stannanes, and -germanes were obtained under palladium-catalyzed conditions whereas the corresponding (Z)-α-CF3-vinylgermanes were obtained under radical conditions. These reactions proceed in good to excellent yields and possess a broad functional group tolerance. Applications of the (Z)- and (E)-α-CF3-vinylgermanes in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with aryl halides having diverse electronic requirements were also investigated. The corresponding (Z)- and (E)-α-CF3-styrenes were obtained as single isomers, thus demonstrating the utility of these versatile synthons for the synthesis of stereodefined trifluoromethylated alkenes.
Research Update: Stable single-phase Zn-rich Cu2ZnSnSe4 through In doping
Authors: Hartnauer Stefan , Körbel Sabine , Marques Miguel A. L. , Botti Silvana , Pistor Paul , Scheer Roland
Published: July 2016

Alloying in the system Cu2ZnSnSe4–CuInSe2–ZnSe (CZTISe) is investigated experimentally and theoretically. The goal is to distinguish single-phase and multi-phase regions within the Cu2ZnSnSe4-2CuInSe2-4ZnSe pseudo-ternary phase diagram. CZTISe thin films are prepared by co-evaporation of the chemical elements and are investigated in real-time during growth using in situ angle dispersive X-ray diffraction. The focus is mainly on thin films along the Cu2ZnSnSe4–2CuInSe2 isopleth with small ZnSe addition as well as on films along the Cu2ZnSnSe4-4ZnSe isopleth with small CuInSe2 addition. For both cases, ab initio calculations with density-functional theory are performed to estimate the stability of the alloy with respect to the formation of secondary phases. Both in experiment and calculation, we find a surprisingly large single-phase region in the Cu2ZnSnSe4 corner of the pseudo-ternary phase diagram slightly off the Cu2ZnSnSe4-4ZnSe isopleth. This may help avoiding secondary phase formation under Zn-rich conditions and open up new possibilities for the application of CZTISe thin films in solar cells.
Postcollision multifragmentation in fullerene-surface impact: Microscopic insights via molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Bernstein Victor , Kolodney Eli
Published: July 2016

Postcollision multifragmentation which we have recently observed experimentally in C60−-surface impact is the phenomenon of a delayed multiparticle breakup of a highly collisionally vibrationally excited large molecule/cluster (the precursor species) into several polyatomic fragments, after leaving the surface. In this paper, we show that the molecular dynamics simulations of near-grazing C60 collisions with a gold surface at 300 eV impact energy (very similar to the experimental conditions) successfully reproduce the experimentally observed characteristics of the postcollision multifragmentation process. The calculated mass resolved kinetic energy distributions and the time dependent yield curves of the Cn fragments revealed a precursor mediated, velocity correlated, delayed fragmentation event along the outgoing trajectory, far away from the surface. Most of the large fragments (n ≥ 5) are formed within a time window of 2-20 ps after leaving the surface, corresponding to the vertical distances of 3-30 nm from the surface. Analysis of delay times and actual time duration for multifragmentation reveal that a large part can be described as simultaneous postcollision (delayed) multifragmentation events. The delayed nature of the event seems to be due to an early sequence of structural transformations of the precursor.
Electric current distribution of a multiwall carbon nanotube
Authors: Chen Li-Ying , Chen Yu-Jyun , Chang Chia-Seng
Published: July 2016

The electric current distribution in a multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was studied by in situ measuring the electric potential along an individual MWCNT in the ultra-high vacuum transmission electron microscope (TEM). The current induced voltage drop along each section of a side-bonded MWCNT was measured by a potentiometric probe in TEM. We have quantitatively derived that the current on the outermost shell depends on the applied current and the shell diameter. More proportion of the total electronic carriers hop into the inner shells when the applied current is increased. The larger a MWCNT’s diameter is, the easier the electronic carriers can hop into the inner shells. We observed that, for an 8 nm MWCNT with 10 μA current applied, 99% of the total current was distributed on the outer two shells.
Parental preferences for paediatric specialty follow-up care
Authors: Kunin Marina , Turbitt Erin , Gafforini Sarah A. , Sanci Lena A. , Spike Neil A. , Freed Gary L.
Published: July 2016

Objective The aim of the present study was to examine factors associated with: (1) parental preference to receive follow-up care for their child from a general practitioner (GP); and (2) a decision to seek treatment when there is a slight worsening of their child’s condition. Methods Parents presenting with their child at any one of five paediatric out-patient clinics at two public hospitals in Melbourne (Vic., Australia) were surveyed. We performed frequency distributions, bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression to evaluate associations with the preference for a GP for follow-up care and treatment in case of a slight worsening. Results In all, 606 parents were recruited to the study, 283 being new presentations and 323 presenting for review. GPs were selected as the preference for follow-up care by 23% (n = 142) of respondents, and 26% (n = 160) reported they would seek treatment from a GP if the condition of their child were to worsen slightly. There was an increased likelihood to prefer a GP for follow-up care for new patients (odds ratio (OR) 3.10; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.99–4.83), those attending general paediatrics clinic (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.11–2.70), and parents with a lower level of education (OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.09–2.78). For review patients, if during the previous visit a paediatrician suggested follow-up with a GP, parents were more likely to prefer a GP as a follow-up provider (OR 6.70; 95% CI 3.42–13.10) and to seek treatment from a GP in case of a slight worsening (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.03–3.37). Conclusion Most parents attending paediatric out-patient appointments prefer to return for follow-up care; however, a paediatrician’s advice may have an important role in return of paediatric patients to primary care. What is known about the topic? In Australia, there has been a growing concern regarding long waiting times for specialist consultations in out-patient clinics and difficulties with access for new patients. This has occurred when the ratio of review attendees to new patients has tipped towards the review attendees. What does this paper add? Most parents of children attending paediatric out-patient clinics value follow-up care with paediatric specialists, even if the referring GP requested a return to their surgery. The advice of the consulting paediatrician in support of follow-up care with a GP contributes significantly to the willingness of parents to return to primary care and to seek treatment from their GP for a slight worsening of their child’s condition. What are the implications for practitioners? The findings of the present study have significant implications for the discharge of patients from speciality care: paediatricians can have an important role in the return of paediatric patients to primary care.
Metaphysik im Barockscotismus
Authors: Andersen Claus A.
Published: July 2016

Die Philosophie des Barockscotismus war einerseits durch die rückwärtsgewandte Anknüpfung an den mittelalterlichen Denker Johannes Duns Scotus, andererseits durch die Anknüpfung an die Entwicklung in der zeitgenössischen Scholastik, vor allem der Jesuitenscholastik, geprägt. Welche Art von Metaphysik hat diese besondere philosophiehistorische Konstellation hervorgebracht? Um diese Frage zu beantworten, analysiert die vorliegende Arbeit das Metaphysikwerk des wichtigsten Repräsentanten des frühneuzeitlichen Scotismus, Bartholomaeus Mastrius (1602-1673); sie erschließt außerdem eine Vielzahl von kaum bis gar nicht erforschten Metaphysikwerken aus der Franziskanerscholastik des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts. Das eigenartige, erstaunliche Vielfalt einschließende Profil einer in Vergessenheit geratenen philosophischen Tradition wird deutlich. Durch den Fokus auf ein philosophiehistorisches Phänomen außerhalb des Mainstreams leistet die Arbeit einen Beitrag zu einer differenzierteren Sichtweise der intellektuellen Kultur der europäischen Frühmoderne.

Baroque-age Scotist philosophy was, on the one hand, characterised by recourse to the Medieval thinker John Duns Scotus and, on the other hand, by an adaptation to trends in contemporary scholasticism, first of all that of the Jesuits. What kind of metaphysics did this particular constellation within the history of philosophy produce? In order to answer this question, the present book analyses the work on metaphysics by the most important representative of early modern Scotism, Bartolomeo Mastri (1602-1673). In addition, the book investigates a multitude of scarcely or never studied works on metaphysics from the Franciscan scholastic tradition of the 17th and 18th centuries. The peculiar profile of a forgotten philosophical tradition with its astonishing plurality becomes apparent. By focusing on a phenomenon from the history of philosophy outside the mainstream, this work contributes to a more differentiated view on the intellectual culture in early modern Europe.
Toward an integrated view of structure, processing, and discourse
Authors: Langacker Ronald W.
Published: July 2016

Research in Cognitive Grammar divides into two broad phases. The first phase provided an integrated account of lexicon, morphology, and syntax as inherently meaningful structures; it offered a radical alternative to the generative paradigm based on modularity, constituency, and the autonomy of syntax. The current phase aims at a broader synthesis subsuming structure, processing, and discourse.
Linguistic structures are never self-contained, but draw upon a substrate of indefinite extent, encompassing the speech situation, the context, background knowledge, and the ongoing discourse. The substrate includes the speaker-hearer interaction, which is part of an expression’s meaning even when left implicit. Recognition of the substrate allows a straightforward treatment of phenomena that are problematic when expressions are analyzed in isolation.
Looking into introspection
Authors: Dąbrowska Ewa
Published: July 2016

Introspective judgments are often used in linguistics to obtain information about speakers’ mental representations of language. This chapter addresses two questions, namely: what shapes speakers’ judgments, and what such judgments provide information about. I argue that speakers’ judgments are influenced by their theories of language, which in turn are partly shaped by our experience with written language. The fundamental units that linguists use in their analyses – phonemes, words, and sentences – are largely products of a particular written tradition; and grammaticality judgments about isolated sentences are, to a considerable extent, judgments about what is acceptable in written language. Thus, linguistic intuitions are not direct reflections of mental representations of linguistic knowledge, but of speakers’ sensitivity to socially constituted norms.
Lexical and grammatical dimensions of metaphor – a Cognitive Grammar perspective
Authors: Taraszka-Drożdż Barbara
Published: July 2016

Metaphor – a popular issue in Cognitive Linguistics – is also a topic discussed within Cognitive Grammar (e.g. Langacker 2000, 2008). There, metaphor is viewed as a type of semantic extension that can be characterized at different levels of schematicity. This approach inevitably evokes the notion of meaning and, from the perspective of CG, meaning is not only the conceptual content but also the manner in which this content is construed. Adopting this type of analysis, we indicate the resultant interplay between lexical and grammatical dimensions in the account of metaphorical extensions. To achieve this aim, we analyze metaphorical extensions of French lexical items referring to light.
Towards an experientially-based classification of motion situations
Authors: WoŹny Jacek
Published: July 2016

The concepts of motion and force are both extensively discussed in cognitive linguistics literature. However, they are discussed separately. The first – usually in the context of ‘motion situations’ (e.g. Talmy 2000; Slobin 2003; Zlatev 2007; Zlatev et al. 2010, 2012), the other – as part of the Force Dynamics framework, which was developed by Talmy (1976, 1988, 2000) and adopted by, for example, Sweetser (1982, 1991), Johnson (1987), Boye (2001), Vandenberghe (2002), and Da Silva (2003). The aim of this chapter is to argue that the concepts of force and motion should not be isolated but considered as two inseparable parts of force-motion events.
Space and time in medium-mediated expressions of distance
Authors: Waliński Jacek Tadeusz
Published: July 2016

This study investigates an overall proportion between spatial and temporal expressions of distance for the semantic attribute of motion medium, i.e. the environment in which motion occurs, on the basis of frequencies of language patterns found in the British National Corpus. The results indicate that in this semantic context English speakers tend to render distance in space both in spatial and temporal terms, with temporal representations being used almost as frequently. This observation complements earlier findings on spatial and temporal expressions of distance for the semantic attributes of motion manner and instrument. Taken together, the results indicate that in the semantic context of motion events, space and time, are correlated metonymically rather than being asymmetrically dependent.
Word-specific phonology
Authors: Czaplicki Bartłomiej
Published: July 2016

Three factors play an important role in predicting the output of word formation processes and the direction of pattern extension: type frequency, token frequency, and base transparency. Base transparency, the focus of this chapter, is responsible for the selection of allomorphs that diverge the least from the base. One pattern from Finnish and two patterns from Polish illustrate various degrees of applicability of base transparency to specific words.
The Latvian referendum on Russian as a second state language, February 2012
Authors: Druviete Ina , Ozolins Uldis
Published: July 2016

On 18 February 2012 Latvian citizens participated in a referendum on making Russian a second official (“state”) language. The proposal was rejected by three-quarters of voters. There is a complex background to language policy in Latvia, where since regaining independence in 1991 the country has promoted Latvian as the only state language, though Russian and other languages are widely used at a societal level. The language law and associated citizenship law in Latvia (as in Estonia) have received considerable commentary, with recent significant writings disagreeing strongly regarding their interpretation. These laws have also very often been criticized by both European institutions and by Russia, yet are tenaciously clung to as a basis of Latvian sovereignty. Proficiency in Latvian among previous non-speakers of this language has improved markedly since regained independence, and generally there has been little interpersonal or community confict over language. The move for a referendum, promoted by Russian groups of a highly political character, and with a particular discourse about Latvia and language, brings a new phase to an ongoing language policy issue. Subsequent events both in Latvia (in the form of a constitutional amendment) and in Ukraine (in the form of both language law and armed conflict) show language policy being increasingly influenced by wider political forces.
Measuring literary experience
Authors: Dixon Peter , Bortolussi Marisa
Published: July 2016

Jacobs (2016) raises a number of insightful and provocative points about the study of literary experience, including the importance of development, the promise of process models, and the role of quantitative methods. In the present comment, we first elaborate on one aspect of the literary experience that seems to be neglected by his introductory comments, namely, that that experience is not limited to the act of reading but can easily extend to long after the reading is completed. Based on this insight, we then offer an analysis of the types of measurements that might be used in the empirical study of literary processing. While this analysis is not necessarily incompatible with Jacob’s discussion, we believe that it offers several new insights that are not readily apparent.
How literary can literariness be?
Authors: Salgaro Massimo
Published: July 2016

In literary theory, there are two common proposals about the nature of literature: that literariness is a distinctive characteristic of literary texts and that literariness is mostly characterized by highly foregrounded textual features. Our studies focused on the effects of genre expectations. In two experiments, we examined whether particular rhetorical figures (features, such as oxymora, synesthesia, and personification) are processed differently when readers think they are embedded in literary sentences. Participants were first induced to think that the sentences they were reading were taken either from literary texts (literary group) or from newspaper articles (news group). They then read sentences containing rhetorical figures and control sentences that did not contain figurative language. Results of Experiment 1 were consistent with prior research indicating that genre expectations influence how a text is processed (Zwaan, 1991, 1994). Moreover, specifically in the news group, genre expectations similarly affect reading times for sentences with rhetorical figures and sentences containing low frequency and long words, suggesting that foregrounding presents a lexical challenge elicited by micro-level linguistic and rhetorical “obstacles.” However, Experiment 2 did not replicate the findings of Experiment 1. These conflicting results prompt consideration of the limitations of an exclusive focus on foregrounding; in literary texts there is always an interchange between backgrounding and foregrounding elements.
On the noises and rhythms of translation
Authors: Vidal Claramonte M.Carmen África
Published: July 2016

In the global society of the twenty-first century, language plays a fundamental role that is neither neutral nor innocent. The meaning of every word is never pure, but it is charged with many different noises and rhythms according to the culture in which they originate. As a result, the most important and also the most difficult and compromising function of translators, from an ethical viewpoint, is not translating meaning, but translating those noises and rhythms implicit in texts. That is why I believe we have to rethink the concept of translation from a new point of view. What I propose in this article is an interdisciplinary approach, derived from music and philosophy, and specifically from Michel Serres’ and Jacques Attali’s concept of noise, John Cage’s concept of silence and Henri Lefebvre’s concept of rhythmanalysis, that will allow us, as translators, to become more aware of the ideologies that filter in through the noises and rhythms of words. This article will examine examples of these ideas found in literary texts.
A contrastive and sociolinguistic approach to the translation of vulgarity from Spanish into English and Polish in the film Tie Me Up! Tie Me Down! (Pedro Almodóvar, 1990)
Authors: Ciordia Leticia Santamaría
Published: July 2016

This article examines the decisions involved in translating swear words and sexually explicit language in Pedro Almodóvar’s film ¡Átame! (“Tie Me Up, Tie Me Down!”) from Spanish into English and Polish. Possible motivations for specific renditions will be suggested via a comparison of the source and target language versions. This analysis aims to investigate how the target culture and the film industry can influence the sometimes-delicate task of translating obscene and strong language. Beyond the mere transfer of words from one language into another, translating is, above all, an intercultural activity in which ideology and social values play an important role in the translation process. Therefore, the characteristics of the target culture must be considered before analyzing the translation product. Moreover, the cost-benefit criterion is a crucial component of audiovisual translation, especially in the film industry. Reflection on the circumstances in which the film was released in the United States and in Poland allows for predictions about what to expect from the translation and also establishes a hypothesis for testing. This article calls for reflection on translation decisions and the author’s influence on how closely the translation follows the original. Likewise, the article examines the extent to which economic interests prevail over socio-cultural values.