bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syria, Palestine, and Jordan: Case Studies in Water Scarcity, Conflict, and Migration
Authors: Krampe Emma
Published: January 2021

The water scarcity, conflict, and migration nexus are parts of a growing body of research attempting to link environmental stressors and the subsequent movement of people to safer and more secure areas. Although the nexus continues to be scrutinized for validity among researchers, its intention to compare environmental factors to its effects on geopolitical problems will nonetheless become increasingly relevant as climate change alters economies and landscapes, and forces people to change their way of life. This paper examines three case studies, Syria, Palestine, and Jordan to provide insight into how each state has evolved amid growing water scarcity and how respective governments have responded. Due to the importance of effective water management strategies in relation to human migration, the study seeks to encourage the inclusion of environmental refugees in international refugee policy.
Determination of metal content and an assessment of the potential use of waste cashew nut ash (CNSA) as a source for potash production
Authors: Ogundiran Mary B. , Babayemi Joshua O. , Nzeribe Chima G.
Published: January 2021

The potential use of waste cashew nut shell (CNS) ash as a source for potash production was investigated in this study. Managing waste ash generated from cashew nut processing is a major challenge, as land filling and open dumping of the waste ashes have been the main options in management of the ash in Nigeria. Economically viable ways of using waste ash rather than having to dispose of it have to be investigated. The CNS was air-dried for 4 weeks and combusted to ashes; the resulting ash was extracted with water for its potash content. Some parameters of the CNS, including moisture, dry matter, and ash content, were determined. Potash yield obtained was 33.4% of 150 g CNS ash used; analysis of the potash gave it a percentage purity of 78%, while purity on recrystalization increased to 86%. Potash yield from CNS ash was comparable to those reported for wood ash, plantain peels, and other agro-wastes. Also, the results showed that the CNS shared similar lignocellulosic properties and characteristics with hardwood biomass.
Main Aspects of Big Data Semantic Annotation
Authors:   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine, Zakharova O.V.
Published: January 2021

Semantic annotations, due to their structure, are an in­teg­ral part of the effective solution of big data problems. However, the problem of defining semantic annotations is not trivial. Manual annotation is not acceptable for big data due to their size and heterogeneity, as well as the complexity and cost of the annotation process, the auto­ma­tic annotation task for big data has not yet decision. So, resolving the problem of semantic annotation requires modern mixed approaches, which would be based on and using the existing theoretical apparatus, namely methods and models of machine learning, statistical learning, wor­king with content of different types and formats, natural lan­guage processing, etc. It also should provide solutions for main annotation tasks: discovering and extracting en­ti­ties and relationships from content of any type and de­fi­ning semantic annotations based on existing sources of know­ledge (dictionaries, ontologies, etc.). The obtained an­notations must be accurate and provide a further op­por­tu­nity to solve application problems with the annotated data. Note that the big data contents are very different, as a result, their properties that should be annotated are very dif­ferent too. This requires different metadata to describe the data. It leads to large number of different metadata stan­dards for data of different types or formats appears. How­ever, to effectively solve the annotation problem, it is necessary to have a generalized description of the metadata types, and we have to consider metadata spe­ci­fi­city within this description. The purpose of this work is to define the general classification of metadata and de­ter­mi­nate common aspects and approaches to big data se­man­tic annotation.
Analysis of the complications in patients undergoing an invasive mechanical ventilation program
Authors: Gómez-de-Oña J. , De-la-Hoz-García C. , Utrilla-Cid N. , Cárdenas-Cruz A.
Published: January 2021

Objective: To analyze, from a qualitative and quantitative point of view, the different complications directly related to critically ill patients under invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) as well as the main associated risk factors.
Material and methods: It is a descriptive longitudinal study, which has as study population all patients under IMV program in the Intensive Medicine Unit (UMI) of Poniente Hospital in Almería throughout 2019, regardless of the cause that conditioned the use of this therapeutic resource.
Results: 76% of patients were male. The mean age was 55.12 years. Cardiovascular risk factors were the most frequent (64.63%), followed by toxic habits (31%) and respiratory and infectious diseases (17.07% each) needing mechanical ventilation. The duration of the IMV was highly variable, its average was 8.63 days (51% less than 3 days). The most frequent complications found were adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and refractory hypoxemia (10.98% each).
Conclusion: patients under IMV in the ICU of Poniente Hospital do not have a higher complication rate than those reported by other published series. ARDS and refractory hypoxemia are the main complications associated with IMV. Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) were the most frequent antecedents. The differences found with other series can be explained by differences in the methodology used to carry out the different studies and in the epidemiological characteristics of the studied population.
Assessing the effect of radioactive waste glass dissolution on early-stage radionuclide migration using simplified geological repository Monte Carlo transport models
Authors: Lillington Joseph N. P. , Goût Thomas L. , Harrison Mike T. , Iwalewa Tajudeen M. , Farnan Ian
Published: January 2021

The vitrification of radioactive waste within glass and subsequent disposal within a geological disposal facility (GDF) requires a comprehensive understanding of the effect of glass dissolution on GDF performance. This paper aims to analyse the effect of both high-level and intermediate-level waste (HLW and ILW) glass dissolution source terms on radionuclide release into the geosphere just above the disposal vault (the ‘crown’). Radionuclide migration was simulated in GoldSim for HLW in either granite or clay host rocks with a bentonite buffer using carbon steel or copper canisters, whereas ILW simulations considered either granite or clay host rocks, in either bentonite buffer or cement backfill, using concrete or cast-iron canisters. Glass dissolution source terms were varied by coupling GoldSim and MATLAB to modify the initial, residual, and resumption dissolution rates of the glass or by applying the analytical GRAAL model to glass dissolution. HLW glass results indicate no preference of granite over clay host rocks for a given canister type but that a copper canister is preferable to steel. ILW results suggest that a granite–bentonite–cast-iron environment yields lowest crown activities with cast-iron preferable to concrete as the canister, bentonite preferable to cement as the buffer/backfill, and granite preferable to clay as the host rock. Varying glass dissolution source terms (initial, residual, and resumption dissolution rates) had an understood effect on radionuclide migration, although changes were arguably insignificant considering peak crown activity for both HLW and ILW.
PEMBUKTIAN TERBALIK KASUS TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DALAM PERSPEKTIF HAK ASASI MANUSIA
Authors: Hasuri Hasuri , Mukaromah Mia
Published: January 2021

Corruption is considered a great crime and requires special handling. In handling corruption, special handling is needed by using the proof reversed or reversal of the burden of proof but in a balanced manner. The purpose of this study is to explain the reverse evidence of corruption from a human rights perspective. This research uses the empirical normative legal research method, namely the combination of normative legal provisions (laws) with practical elements (legal events in society/social elements). The study results state that the theory of reverse proof of corruption cases based on a human rights perspective does not violate the principles and respect for the rights of the defendants in the general principles of criminal law.
INVESTASI PADA KOPERASI SYARIAH MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG PERKOPERASIAN (Analisisterhadap Pasal 93 ayat (5) dan Pasal 120 ayat (1) Huruf j Yang Terdapat Pada Undang-Undang Nomor 17 tahun 2012 tentang Perkoperasian)
Authors: Al-Hasan Fahadil Amin
Published: January 2021

Pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan adalah salah satu fungsi negara untuk mengatur masyarakatnya demi men­ca­pai sebuah kesejahteraan dan keadilan di depan hukum. Begi­tupun halnya dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 tahun 2012 tentang Perkoperasian, Undang-undang ini di buat demi tercapainya kesejahteraan dan keadialan ekonomi masyarakat. Akan tetapi, keadilan tersebut seakan tersembunyi ketika ter­dapat Pasal 93 ayat (5) dan Pasal 120 ayat (1) huruf j pada Undang-undang ini yang melarang koperasi berinvestasi pada sektor riil, yang kita ketahui bahwa core dari Koperasi Syariah (Eko­nomi Syariah) adalah sektor riil. Sehingga kehadiran ke­dua pasal tersebut perlu untuk dikaji dan ditelaah ulang. Kajian dan telaah tersebut di dasarkan pada logika hukum dan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 sebagai induk dari semua pera­turan perundang-undangan, serta beberapa teori yang berhu­bungan dengan keduanya.
KAIDAH HUKUM YANG BERKAITAN DENGAN RUKHSOH DAN AZIMAH
Authors: Damiri Ahmad
Published: January 2021

Hukum Islam pasca wafatnya Rasulullah saw merupakan produk pemikiran dan ijtihad para fuqaha yang digali dari sumber hukum Islam yang bersifat universal dan permanen. Hukum Islam jenis ini dapat dikatakan sebagai doktrin hukum Islam yang bersifat lokal dan tidak kekal karena ia merupakan jawaban-jawaban yuridis terhadap problematika kehidupan sosial, di dalam Ilmu Fiqh kemampuan seorang mukallaf dalam melaksanakan Ubudiyah selalu dihadapkan pada kondisi dan situasi yang dihadapinya, dimana kondisi dan situasi tersebut dapat mempengaruhi kemampuannya dalam melaksa­na­kan Ubudiyah tersebut. Mengenai situasi dan kondisi para mukallaf yang mendapatkan hambatan dalam melaksanakan kewa­jiban ubudiyah­nya, baik hambatan itu berasal dari dirinya maupun dari luar dirinya, ushul fiqh mengatur kaidah-kaidah ketetapan dan keringanan yang dikenal dengan istilah rukhsoh dan Azimah. Makalah ini berusaha memaparkan secara singkat tentang kaidah-kaidah yang berkaitan dengan Rukhsoh dan ‘Azimah tersebut.
PEMENUHAN HAK-HAK DASAR ANAK DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Hamnach Burhanudin
Published: January 2021

Dalam pandangan Islam, perlindungan anak memiliki makna funda­mental, yaitu sebagai basis nilai dan paradigma untuk me­lakukan perubahan nasib anak, serta sebagai pendekatan kom­­prehensif bagi manusia dalam pendidikan rohani, pem­bina­an generasi, pemben­tukan ummat, dan pembangunan bu­daya, serta penerapan prinsip-prinsip kemuliaan dan pera­daban.
BATASAN WAKTU PERKAWINAN DALAM PERKARA ISBAT NIKAH PADA SIDANG KELILING DI PENGADILAN AGAMA CIANJUR
Authors: Muwahid Fahmi , Ramdhani Riyan
Published: January 2021

Isbat nikah is one of the products of the Religious Court in the form of the determination of the marriage of a husband and wife that has been carried out in accordance with Islamic provisions. However, in the Cianjur Religious Court there are special rules regarding circuit courts in marital isbat cases, namely the year of marriage for the maximum marriage isbat in 2010, above 2010 must be registered at the Cianjur Religious Court office. This study departs from a rule that has been enacted but there are no additional rules regarding the time limit of marriage in marriage isbat cases in a circuit court. As stated in Perma No 1 of 2015 which only regulates the mechanism of the implementation of an integrated isbat trial. While the rule of law remains based on existing rules. It is stated in Article 11 paragraph (9) which states: The hearing in the Integrated Service is conducted in accordance with the procedural law and the applicable provisions. By using the descriptive analysis method, the research is first, the background of the marital time limit in marriage isbat cases which are settled in a circuit court in the Cianjur Religious Court. Second, the process of conducting a trial around isbat nikah with a time limit in the Cianjur Religious Court is no different from the process of conducting a trial around a isbat nikah case. The three rules made by the chairman of the Religious Court do not contradict the rules that already exist in the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) or in the request No. 1 of 2015 concerning Integrated Service Mechanisms.
JUDEX FACTI MAHKAMAH SYAR’IYAH PROVINSI ACEH DALAM MENANGANI PERKARA CERAI TALAK (Analisis Putusan Nomor 45/Pdt.G/2017/MS.Aceh)
Authors: Hidayatullah H , Burhanuddin H
Published: January 2021

The judiciary is organized into two levels, the first level of justice is Religious Court/Syar'iyah Court,  and the court of appeal is the Religious High Court/Provincial Syar'iyah Court. These two trials are referred to as judex facti. The judex facti function is carried out through several stages, is: formulating facts, looking for cause and effect relationships and figuring out probabilities. So, the background of this research is related to the application of judex facti in Aceh Syar'iyah Court. Based on the analysis of the data carried out, it is concluded that the Judex Facti of the Aceh Syar'iyah Court in trying and deciding divorce case Number 45/Pdt.G/2017/MS.Aceh has tried to apply in accordance with the principles of law and legislation in force. That is in the ruling the Aceh Syar'iyah Court panel of judges had given maximum consideration to the reasons for the comparison in filing an appeal. However, there are still shortcomings and anomalies related to the reasons for the comparison in submitting a request so that the 10-grand dowry that has not been paid in full is not granted by the panel of judges of the Syar'iyah Court.  Because of this, the judiciary of the Aceh Syar'iyah Court was judged to have shortcomings and was not optimal in applying the law. Although in authority the panel of judges may not grant the demands of the comparator as long as they do not conflict with applicable laws and regulations. If judged from the whole, the judex facti of the Aceh Syar'iyah Court has implemented it in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations.
Golden Generation Preparation and Its Contribution to the Moderate Global Relations
Authors: Ünsal Ali
Published: January 2021

The Golden Generation is the most beautiful fruit of human beings. The symbol of love and peace, which beautifies the life of the world, brings matter and meaning in balance, represents good morality, in short, it is the projection of the “insan-ı kamil” Muhammad pbuh and his companions in every century. The Golden Generation is an open-minded and compassionate generation that combines Islamic values with modernity, can integrate with the whole world. Within the framework of this article, we will try to examine what the “Golden Generation” concept used by M. Fethullah Gulen in the last 50 years includes, how they were raised, what they did, and especially what kind of its contribution they do to the moderate global relations. In doing so, we will include the testimony and reports of researchers, academics, scientists, clergymen, intellectuals, writers, and statesmen from different parts of the world to be objective.
Innate RIG-I signaling restores antigen presentation in tumors and overcomes T cell resistance
Authors: Thier Beatrice , Paschen Annette
Published: January 2021

In recent years, therapy with immune modulating antibodies, termed immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), has revolutionized the treatment of advanced metastatic melanoma, yielding long-lasting clinical responses in a subgroup of patients. But despite this remarkable progress, resistance to therapy represents a major clinical challenge. ICB efficacy is critically dependent on cytotoxic CD8+ T cells targeting tumor cells in an HLA class I (HLA-I) antigen-dependent manner. Transcriptional suppression of the HLA-I antigen processing and presentation machinery (HLA-I APM) in melanoma cells leads to HLA-I-low/-negative tumor cell phenotypes escaping CD8+ T cell recognition and contributing to ICB resistance. In general, HLA-I-low/-negative tumor cells can be re-sensitized to T cells by interferons (IFN), augmenting HLA-I APM expression. However, this mechanism fails when melanoma cells acquire resistance to IFN, which recently turned out as a key resistance mechanism in ICB, besides HLA-I APM suppression. Seeking for a strategy to overcome these barriers, we identified a novel mechanism that restores HLA-I antigen presentation in tumor cells independent of IFN (Such et al. (2020) J Clin Invest, doi: 10.1172/JCI131572). We demonstrated that tumor cell-intrinsic activation of the cytosolic innate immunoreceptor RIG-I by its synthetic ligand 3pRNA overcomes transcriptional HLA-I APM suppression in patient-derived IFN-resistant melanoma cells. De novo HLA-I APM expression is IRF1/IRF3-dependent and re-sensitizes melanoma cells to autologous cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Notably, synthetic RIG-I ligands and ICB synergize in T cell activation, suggesting combinational therapy could be an efficient strategy to improve patient outcomes in melanoma.
Modern problems of collection and processing of solid municipal waste in the region (based on the materials of the territorial waste management scheme in the Primorsky Region)
Authors: Arustamov Eduard , Gildenskiold Sergei , Krylov Petr , Krylova Tatiana
Published: January 2021

The article considers some problems of organizing a system for collecting and processing solid domestic and industrial waste on the example of Primorsky Region, including those related to the strategic directions of state policy in the field of waste management. Regional features of Primorsky Region as a whole and in the context of its five inter-district systems in the field of solid domestic and industrial waste management are considered. It is shown that solving problems in this area will allow us to approach the realization of the right of every citizen to a favorable environment, strengthening the protection of order in the field of environmental protection and ensuring environmental safety, including environmentally safe waste management. Information is given on the main sources of waste generation of all types in the Primorsky Region (both in general and at the level of inter-district systems of the region). The main problems of collection and processing of solid domestic and industrial waste in the region in connection with the need to improve the territorial scheme of waste management of the subject of the Russian Federation – Primorsky Region were analyzed.
It was concluded that the territory of Primorsky Region has certain competitive advantages for the development of a waste management system and the transformation of this sphere of activity into a profitable, effective branch of the region’s economy and for creating a comfortable living environment for the population.
Contact element use peculiarities in the numerical model construction of the reinforcing bar force interaction with an anchoring field
Authors: Belutsky Igor , Grinev Pavel , Iovenko Vladimir
Published: January 2021

The application experience of non-metallic composite materials is quite wide in foreign countries, as well as systematized and assembled into a single database. In Russia, since the necessary computing resources have become more relevant and accessible for design organizations, independent researchers, and graduate students of higher educational institutions, this question resurfaced only in the last decade. As well as benefits, non-metallic composite reinforcement has its disadvantages, which prevent it from wide usage in structures, including a relatively low elastic module, as well as the inability to bend during installation. To improve the reinforced structures with stressed reinforcement calculation and possible prestressing force loss prediction, the finite element model production has been discussed. This model would allow us to evaluate the damaging shear stresses in the reinforcement region. The bracing formation process in the scope of this model was presented in this article, with the purpose of simulation the contact layer stress-strain state between reinforcement and concrete. The calculation is performed in a linear setting. Model development of a T-section decking component reinforced with a composite reinforcement beam produced via LIRA SAPR software. Exert a force on shank ends that is equivalent to the clamping force when the prestressed reinforcement is released. The authors proposed a selection option of the junction stiffness by stem contact with the anchoring field. The stiffness is assumed to be constant along the entire length of the contact layer. Elastic coefficient variation of the contact layer was performed here. The contact layer is highlighted conditionally as a separate material. A model for three types of materials was discussed. The shear stresses patterns in the contact element region were obtained. The patterns of abutting end reinforcement bars motion are obtained. To create a span element with a pre-tensioned reinforcement, a full-scale experiment was performed, as well as reinforcement abatement. Upon abatement, the retraction was recorded. The retraction results of the shank ends were measured, the values of which are comparable to the numerical motion.
The cohesive/overlapping crack model for plain and RC beams: scale effects on cracking and crushing failures
Authors: Accornero Federico , Cafarelli Renato , Carpinteri Alberto
Published: January 2021

In the present work, cohesive and overlapping crack models are integrated in a comprehensive numerical algorithm in order to investigate both tensile and compressive failures in plain or steel-bar reinforced concrete (RC) structural elements. These two fracture mechanics models offer a high capability in the investigation of non-linear phenomena occurring in the loading process of plain concrete or RC beams subjected to bending. Based on the crack-length control scheme, these non-linear models are able to describe snap-back and snap-through instabilities, crack formation/propagation, steel yielding/slippage, concrete crushing and scale effects on the structural brittleness. In the present work, some parametric studies are carried out on plain concrete or RC beams in order to highlight how the abovementioned structural phenomena, which are observed in engineering practice, can be effectively captured by means of a non-linear fracture mechanics approach. Moreover, dimensional analysis is adopted to confirm how the behaviour of lightly reinforced concrete beams can be effectively described by means of two non-dimensional brittleness numbers, leading to a scale effect on the minimum reinforcement percentage, ρmin, proportional to beam depth raised to −0.15.
A Review of Tourism Resource Development Project Trends Supported by the National Government using Text Network Analysis: Focusing on the Culture and Tourism Resource Development Project of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Han Seok-Ho , Kim Bong-Seok , Lee Yoon-Goo
Published: January 2021

This study was conducted to diagnose the overall trends and problems of local tourism development projects, which have been promoted under public initiative for the past 10 years, and to seek implications for future regional tourism development projects on a reflective basis. The culture and tourism resource development projects of Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism was analyzed through the text network analysis. The trends of major projects were identified and visualized as network maps. The results showed that many hardware and software projects have been carried out under the themes of ‘culture’, ‘theme’, ‘ecology’, ‘experience’, and ‘history.’ In addition, 'road' related projects have been sporadically developed by a number of similar types of overlapping projects. Meanwhile, by analyzing the connection between 'park' and 'culture', which have the highest frequency and centrality, it was confirmed that 'park' is connected with nature-oriented keywords and 'culture' is connected with comprehensive keywords. Finally, based on the results of the research, we provided suggestions for efficient public-led regional tourism development projects in the future, including a distinctive tourism development plan with regional and topical differentiation and the selection of specific and clear project names.
The Moderating Effects of Korean Wave on the Relationships among Destination Service Quality, Destination Image and Revisit Intention: A Case of African Students in Korea
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Seo Jae-Yeon , Jeong Chul , Kim Sung-Soo
Published: January 2021

Korean wave has recently been spreading across borders throughout Asia, and its scope has expanded. This study focused on how Korean wave has spread over in Africa which is a region newly influenced by Korean wave. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among tourism service quality, tourism image, and revisit intention focused on African students residing in Korea as well as the moderating effect of Korean wave between tourism service quality/tourism image and revisit intention. The results from structural equation modeling showed that destination service quality significantly affected destination image(tourism resource, infrastructure, environment) and the biggest effect was observed on ‘infrastructure.’ Only ‘tourism resource’ among three factors of tourism image had influence on revisit intention, and tourism service quality did not have any effect on revisit intention. Korean wave had no significant moderating effect on relationships between tourism service quality and revisit intention; however, there was a moderating effect of Korean wave between destination image and revisit intention in part. Our findings suggest that in order to attract more African tourists, a high quality of service should be provided through hospitality, information service training for the service staff and a variety of interesting tourism resources should be continuously developed. Moreover, the development of a variety of Korean wave contents using K-pop would encourage African tourists to revisit Korea.
"Al-Ḥallāǧ" entre l’écriture de soi et du monde
Authors: FATHI Hassan
Published: January 2021

La subsistance (_al-baqāʾ_) comme station spirituelle dans l’expérience mystique d’al-Ḥallāǧ est évoquée dans sa poésie par la représentation de l’état (_al-ḥāl_) en passant par l’expérience de l’annihilation (_al-fanāʾ_). Le caractère énigmatique de sa poésie favorise le traitement du secret (_al-sirr_) à travers la représentation du monde caché (_ʿālam al-ġayb_) et celui de la nature matérielle (_ʿālam al-šahāda_). L’écriture poétique d’al-Ḥallāǧ est un miroir des univers (al-_ʿawālim_) constituant le cosmos (_al-kawn_) ; ce reflet du monde est assuré par l’écriture de l’expérience de soi qui se traduit par l’usage itératif du « moi » (_al-anā_) associé à Dieu (_al-ḥaqq_). Comment al-Ḥallāǧ, à travers la forme poétique, a-t-il pu réussir la tâche de l’écriture de soi et du monde en se basant sur sa réalité intérieure (_al-bāṭin_) ? Dans quelle mesure sa poésie est-elle une représentation du martyre mystique traduisant la sincérité du cœur (_al-taqwā_) ?
« Exprimer l’inexprimable »
Authors: EL AMRAOUI Randa
Published: January 2021

Comment exprimer l’indicible ? Nous souhaitons étudier cette question en nous basant sur les écrits de ‘Alī al- Huǧwīrī (m.456/ 1072) dénommé « le saint de Ghazna » auteur du célèbre _Kašf al-Maḥǧūb_ (Le dévoilement des mystères) qui expose les avis des soufis des premiers siècles traitant particulièrement de la notion de l’Union (appelée également « _tawḥīd_ », « _waǧd_ », « _ǧamʿ_ » ou « _fanā_’) etc.). Notre étude tentera de montrer que le discours sur l’union spirituelle peut être, pour certains mystiques musulmans, un acte de _širk_. C’est la raison pour laquelle les maîtres utilisaient les _išārāt_ (allusions subtiles) pour diffuser leur enseignement secret qu’ils ne conféraient qu’à très peu de disciples étant donné qu’ils considéraient que cela pouvait constituer un danger si leur savoir se faisait connaitre publiquement, ce qui démontre que les soufis à cette époque étaient conscients de l’aspect ésotérique de leur science. Nous aborderons également la notion essentielle de _šaṭḥ_ (les paradoxes mystiques). C’est un phénomène pouvant être défini comme une tentative « d’exprimer l’inexprimable », un débordement lors de l’ivresse (_sukr_) et l’extase (_waǧd_), des paroles déroutantes pour le profane, pourtant à portée symbolique. Par ailleurs, nous aborderons le statut de la métaphore. Les soufis ont recours à cela car ils considèrent que la réalité de leurs extases ne peut être dite explicitement. Enfin, nous mettrons en avant l’attitude discrète des soufis des premiers siècles pour qui le soufisme se définit comme la voie du goût _(ḏawq)_ et de la _contemplation (mušāhada)_ et non de la spéculation. C’est pourquoi certains maîtres invitaient leurs disciples à vivre en marge de leur société, et dans son _Kašf al-Maḥǧūb,_ Huǧwīrī définit la véritable spiritualité comme _« une réalité sans nom_ ». Il met en garde contre ce qu’il appelle « _Ahl al ‘ibārāt_ » (les partisans des mots) Ceci soulève la question importante de « la lettre et de l’esprit ». La lettre étant, pour les soufis ; un attribut (_rasm_) relève du _ẓāhir_ (apparent), alors que l’esprit est le sens (_maʿnā_) et l’essence des mots, et donc elle est par définition cachée (_bāṭin_). Selon les partisans de la doctrine de la sobriété, la discrétion est une condition nécessaire dans la Voie pour se protéger du blâme et des calomnies de la part de ceux qui n’ont pas connu un vécu extatique.
Le soufisme ou la mystique chez Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī
Authors: KENANAH Faisal
Published: January 2021

La vie mouvementée de notre auteur l’a-t-il poussé à adopter le mysticisme ou bien cette doctrine était-elle ancrée en lui depuis son enfance ? Que signifie cette doctrine pour lui ? Comment parle-t-il de cette doctrine dans ses ouvrages ? Dans cet article, nous traçons rapidement le parcours intellectuel d’Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī afin d’étudier son attachement au soufisme et de voir le rapport qu’il entretenait avec cette doctrine et ses écrits, en particulier à la fin de sa vie et son état de conscience par rapport à son expérience vécue.
Exégète soufi du XXe siècle
Authors: KHALFALLAH Nejmeddine
Published: January 2021

À travers cette étude, nous avons montré que l’exégèse de Muḥammad al-Madanī (1888-1959), exégète tunisien, a pu conjuguer l’interprétation des sens exotériques à celle des sens ésotériques, dans un parfait équilibre. Ses commentaires ont reconstruit les sens spéculatifs d’un côté sur les éléments linguistiques attestés et de l’autre sur des traditions scripturaires unanimes. En mélangeant harmonieusement ces deux sources, al-Madanī a pu bannir tout antagonisme entre soufisme et Coran. Son défi essentiel étant de ramener l’interprétation ésotérique à une origine acceptable par tous. Le Coran est la source légitimant non seulement les pratiques rituelles et spirituelles, mais aussi tous les enseignements initiatiques qui relèvent de la doctrine.
"Fiqh" et "Taṣawwuf"
Authors: HAJJAR Mohyedine
Published: January 2021

La relation entre _fiqh_ et _taṣawwuf_ demeure extrêmement sensible en raison de la potentielle altération des règles juridiques à l’aune de l’influence des dispositions spirituelles et inversement. L’analyse croisée de leurs définitions respectives nous montre que les deux disciplines ont des objets distincts : le _fiqh_ se limite aux actes « pratiques » tandis que le _taṣawwuf_ se limite aux actes ésotériques. Cependant, elles disposent d’une finalité identique et concordante : la recherche de la satisfaction divine. L’indépendance des objets ne signifie pas une indépendance des thèmes, l’influence entre les deux disciplines est une relation de complémentarité. Le _taṣawwuf_ concerne les actes ésotériques (intérieurs) constituant le début de la validité des actes exotériques, et le _fiqh_ permet d’encadrer et de déterminer les actes ésotériques en concordance avec les dispositions juridiques établies par la Législation divine dans sa dimension exotérique. Cette analyse est corroborée par des exemples de l’influence réciproque entre les deux disciplines.
Effect of angle of attack on heat transfer and hydrodynamic characteristics for staggered drop-shaped tubes bundle in cross-flow
Authors:   Damascus University, Syria, Deeb Rawad ,   National Research University "Moscow Power Engineering Institute″
Published: January 2021

Tube bundles can be used as a separation heat exchanger in the organic Rankine cycle power plants (ORC), while the hot gas passes over the outer surface, and the working substance ORC flows inside the tubes. A numerical study has been conducted to clarify heat transfer and hydrodynamics of a cross-flow heat exchanger with staggered drop-shaped tubes at different flow angles of attack in comparison with circular tubes of the same equivalent diameter. The study was performed for the Reynolds number Re= 1.8  103 ~ 9.4  103, the longitudinal and transverse spacing of the tubes in the bundle are the same and are equal to 37 mm. Four cases of the tube’s arrangement with different angles of attack were investigated: 0, 45, 135, and 180 angles. The article presents a literature review related to the subject of the study. A mathematical and numerical model has been developed to calculate the heat transfer coefficient of the studied staggered drop-shaped tubes bundle using the ANSYS package, taking into account the stress-strain state of the tubes. Correlations of the average Nusselt numbers and the friction coefficient for the considered bundles in terms of the Reynolds number and angle of attack were presented. The results reveal that the thermal–hydraulic performance of the drop-shaped tubes bundle with zero-angle of attack is about 1.6 ~ 1.7 times greater than the circular one.
FİBROMİYALJİ SENDROMU OLAN HASTALARDA miRNA PROFİLLERİNİN ROLÜ VE ÖNEMİ
Authors: RASULOVA Khayala , PEHLİVAN Melek , DİLEK Banu , KIZILDAĞ Sefa
Published: January 2021

Fibromiyalji sendromu (FMS), diğer semptomlarla ilişkili

kronik kas-iskelet sistemi ağrı bozukluğudur. Esas

olarak ağrı, yorgunluk ve uyku bozukluğu ile karakterizedir.

Fibromiyaljinin etiyolojisinde genetik, immünolojik

ve hormonal birçok faktör önemli rol oynamaktadır.

Bu patolojik durum popülasyonun yaklaşık %3-10'unu

etkilemektedir. Görülme sıklığı açısından, kadınlarda

erkeklerden daha fazla görülmektedir. Kadınlar erkeklerden

daha şiddetli belirtiler ve daha düşük ağrı eşiği

göstermektedir. Bu yüzden araştırmaların çoğu kadın

deneklere odaklanmıştır.

MikroRNA'lar (miRNA), insan genlerinin en az %30'

unu düzenlemektedirler. Son yıllarda miRNA’lar hastalık

süreçlerinde ve fizyolojik yolaklarda gen ekspresyonunun

önemli modülatörleri olarak tanımlanmıştır.

Bununla birlikte her miRNA yüzlerce genin regülasyonundan

sorumlu olabilir. miRNA’lar translasyonun

engellenmesi veya hedef haberci RNA'nın yıkımı yoluyla

transkripsiyon sonrası gen ekspresyonunu inhibe

ederler.

Bu derlemenin amacı miRNA’ların FMS hastalığındaki

rolünü tartışmaktır. Yapılan çalışmalara göre, FMS

hastalarında bazı miRNA ekspresyon düzeylerinin

değiştiği saptanmıştır. Farklı hücresel bölmelerdeki

miRNA'ların varlığı ve hücre dışı ortamdaki kararlılıkları,

FMS gibi karmaşık hastalıkların etiyolojisini daha

iyi anlamak için onları ilgi çekici aday biyobelirteçler

yapmaktadır.
Prostat Kanseri Tanı ve Lokal İnvazyon Değerlendirmesinde Multiparametrik Manyetik Rezonans Görüntülemenin Önemi
Authors: AYDIN Hüseyin , BALCI Mustafa
Published: January 2021

Amaç: Prostat kanseri (PCa) tanısı ve kanser dışı prostat hastalıklarından (KDPH) ayırımında multiparametrik manyetik rezonans görüntülemenin (mpMRG) önemi değerlendirilmiştir.

Materyal Metod: Aralık 2017 ile Ocak 2020 tarihleri arasında, prostat kanseri (PCa) ön tanısı ile mpMRG yapılan 99 hastanın görüntüleri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Standart MpMRG çekim protokolü T2A TSE (aksiyel-koronal-sagital), T1A TSE (axial-koronal-sagital), difüzyon ağırlıklı görüntüleme (DAG) ve T1A dinamik kontrastlı inceleme (DKİ) sekanslarından oluştu. Lezyonların lokasyonu, morfolojisi, ekstraprostatik yayılımı (EPY), T2A sinyal intensite (T2SI) değerleri, difüzyon kısıtlılığı, kontrastlanma eğri paternleri, maksimum kontrastlanma değeri (Cmax), maksimum kontrastlanmaya ulaşması için geçen süre (akselerasyon zaman: AZ) değerlendirildi. Bulgular arasındaki ilişki SPSS 20.0 programı ile değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Değerlendirilen 99 olgunun 75’inin Prostat Ca (PCa), 24’ünün KDPH histopatolojik tanısı vardı. Tüm hastaların yaş ortalaması 66.5±7.4 idi. Periferal zon yerleşimli lezyonlarda “apparent diffusion coefficient” (ADC) (p
Análise da relação entre a paisagem e a hidrogeoquímica da bacia hidrográfica do rio Moju, Amazônia Oriental-Brasil
Authors: Lima Aline Maria Meiguins de , Martins Corrêa José Augusto , Magalhães da Silva Letícia , Gomes Ferreira Susane Cristini
Published: January 2021

A bacia do rio Moju (Amazônia Oriental-Brasil) foi avaliada considerando os elementos formadores da paisagem (bio-físicos e de uso da terra) e seu reflexo na qualidade das águas. O período de análise correspondeu a um ciclo hidrológico completo, com a avaliação espacial das formas de uso e cobertura da terra e caracterização dos componentes hidrogeomofológicos estruturantes. Os resultados indicaram a associação do efeito natural responsável pelo padrão de águas cloretadas-sódicas com as possíveis intervenções geradas pela expansão da cultura do dendê no Médio Moju e com o processo de ocupação territorial no Alto Moju. O Baixo Moju se destaca pela proximidade com a Região Metropolitana de Belém, tornando a bacia de maneira integral vulnerável quanto à pressão antrópica sobre as águas superficiais.
Tendencias seculares e innovaciones en la gestión de las obras hidráulicas en la cuenca del río Salado (provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1875-1915/1983-2018)
Authors: Banzato Guillermo
Published: January 2021

En este trabajo estudiamos las modalidades de gestión ante las inundaciones en la cuenca del río Salado (provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina) en los entresiglos XIX-XX y XX-XXI. Enfocamos la conformación de los organismos del Estado y revisamos los presupuestos. Las fuentes son: Registro Oficial, memorias e informes ministeriales, mensajes de los gobernadores, diario de sesiones de la legislatura y periódicos. La metodología consiste en un análisis de historia comparada en el largo plazo. Concluimos en que hay tendencias seculares: primero respuestas locales y luego planes que tienen en cuenta el manejo de la cuenca, cambios en la estructura de funcionamiento de las agencias del Estado y financiación de las obras con endeudamiento público externo. En el siglo XXI surgen innovaciones en el ámbito de la evolución tecnológica, una apreciación más acabada de la geografía provincial y la utilización de un enfoque multidisciplinar del problema.
Epistemología y metodología de las representaciones sociales para estudios sobre salud y enfermedad
Authors: Mijangos Fuentes Karla Ivonne , Vázquez González Natalia Ix-Chel , Torres López Teresa Margarita
Published: January 2021

La teoría de las representaciones sociales surge en un periodo de revolución paradigmática y científica, por ende, se nos presenta al mundo de la investigación como una propuesta epistemológica y metodológica emergente, que permite a los miembros de los diversos campos profesionales del conocimiento construir teorías y aproximaciones prácticas sobre fenómenos sociales contemporáneos. Esto debido a que, los estudios de representaciones sociales se preocupan por una modalidad de conocimiento consensuado y particular de sentido común, o expresión específica de un pensamiento socialmente elaborado y compartido, el cual se constituye a partir de la experiencia, de las informaciones, conocimientos y modelos de pensamiento transmitidos por medio del lenguaje en contextos específicos. Así, este conocimiento de sentido común también colabora otorgándole a la ciencia las premisas básicas que respondan a los cuestionamientos, del porqué los individuos piensan de determinada manera en la vida cotidiana y, porqué éstos actúan de una manera concreta sobre procesos de salud/enfermedad y; para dar respuesta a dichos planteamientos, esto supone, justamente, recurrir a la teoría de las representaciones sociales.
Antioxidant Activities, Total Phenolic Content and Colour Parameters in the Aqueous Extracts of Avocado, Banana and Papaya Leaves
Authors: NIRVESHA NAIR VIJAYA KUMAR GOPALAN , TAN SEOK TYUG
Published: January 2021

Literature has consistently reported that horticultural wastes including leaves, skin, stones and seeds contain substantial amounts of bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate antioxidant activity, Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and colour parameters in avocado, banana, and papaya leaves. Antioxidant activity of the leaves was determined using Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) and DPPH radical scavenging assays, whereas TPC was evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25 of triplicate determinations. Mean differences among the fruit leaves extracts were determined using One way-ANOVA, while the correlations between the studied components were by the Pearson's Correlation Coefficient Test. The colour of the extracts was determined using a colour picker software. The TEAC values were in the range of 332.30 ± 18.04 µg Trolox/g D.W. (avocado leaves) to 12217.71 ± 18.04 µg Trolox/g D.W. (banana leaves) while the DPPH radical scavenging activity was from 10.07 ± 3.89% (banana leaves) to 86.70 ± 0.26 % (avocado leaves). Besides, TPC was from 871.33 ± 38.35 µg GAE/g D.W. (papaya leaves) to 1199.08 ± 6.00 µg GAE/g D.W. (avocado leaves). The hue values were from 19º in avocado leaves extract to 37º in banana leaves extract. Results from Pearson's Correlation Coefficient Test revealed that there were no significant correlations between the studied assays. Avocado leaves had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and TPC among the three extracts. Findings derived from the present study could be exploited in nutraceuticals formulation.
Post-Brexit Leadership in European Finance
Authors: Van Kerckhoven Sven
Published: January 2021

Brexit has far-reaching consequences for Europe and the European single market for financial transactions. In particular in this field, the UK has had a strong influence in drafting European policies and legislation as the City of London has acted as the financial hub in Europe for several decades. As a result, the UK has spearheaded the call for more market friendly legislation with the support of some other EU member states. This went against the wishes of several other EU member states, where a stronger rule-based approach to financial markets was strongly preferred, in particular after the financial crisis clearly demonstrated weaknesses in the macroeconomic oversight of European financial markets. With the UK leaving, the call for more stringent legislation will gain momentum as the political leadership among the remaining 27 EU member states will shift and might be looking to curtail the long-standing dominant position of the UK in the field of financial industries. In this light, several leaders of EU27 member states have already voiced their support for their nations’ financial hub to become the next City of London. This would lead to a substantial change in leadership in European finance post-Brexit. This contribution assesses the impact of Brexit on the changes in political leadership on the governance of European financial markets, as they might ultimately be reflected in the institutional outcomes and policies.
Seçmenlerin Oy Tercihlerinin Belirlenmesinde Etkili Faktörler ve Aday İmajının Bu Süreçteki Etkisi: 31 Mart 2019 Yerel Seçimleri Sivas Örneği
Authors: TAYDAŞ Onur
Published: January 2021

Çalışmada seçmen davranışlarında etkili olan faktörlere bakılarak bu tutumun
şekillenmesinde başat etkenler incelenmiştir. 31 Mart 2019 Sivas Seçimlerinde seçmenin
adaylara karşı olan tutumları nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden anket yöntemi ile
değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada Sivas ilinde rastgele seçilen 537 kişiyle oluşturulmuştur.
Anket uygulamasına 5 Nisan tarihinde başlamış 30 Nisan 2019 tarihinde tamamlanmıştır.
Basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen deneklere ilk bölümde beşli likert ölçeği ile
hazırlanmış 20 adet soru sorulmuştur. İkinci bölümünde çalışmaya katılanların siyasal
tutum ve davranışlarının belirlenmesine yönelik sorular yönetilmiştir. Anketin üçüncü
bölümünde bireylerin siyasal konulardaki bilgi düzeylerini anlamak için hazırlanan
sorular sorulmuş olup, dördüncü bölümde ise katılımcıların demografik özelliklerini
saptamak amacıyla kişisel sorulara yer verilmiştir. Çalışmada adayı imajı özelinde; adayın
siyasi partisi, adayın mensup olduğu çevre, siyasi konjonktür, medya gibi faktörlerin
seçmen kararlarına etkisinin ölçülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre,
katılımcıların aile ve sosyal çevrelerinin etkisi altında kararlarını belirleme düzeyleri
yaşlara göre değişmektedir. Araştırmada dikkat çekici bulgulardan biri de gazete, radyo
gibi geleneksel medya ürünlerinin sosyal medyaya nazaran seçmen tercihinde azalan
etkisidir.
Netflix’teki Türk Dizilerinin Sembolik Etkileşimcilik ve Kahramanların Toplumsal Cinsiyet Açısından Ele Alınması: Atiye ve Hakan Muhafız Dizileri Karşılaştırılması
Authors: CIFTCI Dilan
Published: January 2021

Efsaneler ve mitolojik kahramanlar her dönem ilgi odağı olmayı başarmış hikayeler
olarak farklı disiplinlerde çeşitli çalışmalara verimli kaynaklar sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada
sembolik etkileşim alanı olarak kabul edilen televizyon dizilerinden hareketle son
dönemlerde popüler olan mitolojik kahraman dizileri toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri açısından
karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda öncelikle Atiye ve Hakan Muhafız
dizilerinin gösterenlerinin üç boyutu, göstergebilimsel açıdan ve söylem analizi olarak
ortaya konmuştur. Bunlara ilaveten iki mitolojik kahramanın toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri
açısından temsiline yönelik karşılaştırmalı bulgular ortaya konmuştur. İki dizide de
olayın merkezini oluşturan mekanlar (Göbeklitepe ve Ayasofya) sembolik açıdan önem
taşımaktadır. İki kahraman insan üstü güçlere sahip olmakla birlikte kadın kahraman
için bu güçler daha ruhani iken erkek kahraman için bu güç fiziki olmuştur. İki dizide
de kahramanlığı sembolize eden nesnelerin varlığı mevcuttur. Kadın kahraman için bu
nesne kolye iken erkek kahraman için bu nesne hançer, tılsımlı gömlek ve yüzüktür. Kadın
kahramanın olduğu Atiye dizisi antropoloji, astroloji ve arkeoloji gibi farklı disiplinlerden
beslenirken, erkek kahramanın olduğu Hakan Muhafız dizisi tarihten beslenmektedir.