bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NICA heavy-ion collider at JINR (Dubna). Status of accelerator complex and first physics at NICA.
Authors: Trubnikov G. , Butenko A. , Golovatyuk V. , Guskov A. , Kapishin M. , Kekelidze V. , Lednicky R. , Meshkov I. , Sorin A.
Published: September 2023

The NICA facility is under active realization at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR, Dubna). Its main goal includes experimental studies of hot and dense baryon rich matter forming in heavy ion collisions to search for possible manifestations of phase transitions and critical phenomena, as well as investigation of nucleon spin structure with polarized proton and deuteron beams. The NICA general design, construction status, and prospects for physics program are presented.
Event-by-event fluctuations of mean transverse momentum in Pb–Pb and Xe–Xe collisions with ALICE
Authors: Tripathy Tulika ,   ALICE collaboration
Published: September 2023

Event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum of charged particles produced in Pb–Pb and Xe–Xe collisions at

s

N
N

=
5.02

TeV and

s

N
N

=
5.44

TeV, respectively, are studied as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity using the ALICE detector at the LHC. Dynamical fluctuations are observed in both collision systems which indicate correlated particle emission. The central Pb–Pb and Xe–Xe collisions show a significant reduction of the fluctuation in comparison to peripheral collisions and are in qualitative agreement with previous measurements in Pb–Pb collisions at

s

N
N

=
2.76

TeV. The results are compared with the HIJING model. A clear deviation from simple superposition of independent nucleon-nucleon collisions scenario, where the final state particles are produced from superposition of particle emitting sources, is observed.
NLO Scattering in ϕ
4 Theory Finite System Size Corrections Self-Consistency
Authors: Plessis JF Du , Horowitz WA
Published: September 2023

Previously a 2 → 2 NLO scattering amplitude for massive ϕ
4 theory with periodic boundary conditions was derived to investigate finite system size effects. This utilized new techniques and results, and as such benefited from self-consistency checks. Here we revisit the self-consistency of the derived amplitude, in order to more rigorously establish the self-consistency. Special attention is given to potentially pathological sums, which sets up for numerical evaluation investigating the finite system effects on quantities of interest, such as the effective coupling.
Production of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in heavy-ion collisions with ALICE at the LHC
Authors: Naik Bharati ,   ALICE Collaboration
Published: September 2023

Measurements of the production of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity (2.5 < y < 4.0) in Pb–Pb collisions at

S

N
N

=
2.76

and 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector are presented along with the R
AA measurements in different centrality intervals as a function of transverse momentum, p
T. Results of the measured R
AA at both energies are shown and are compared to the different model predictions.
Prompt fission neutron multiplicity in the 239Pu(n, f) reaction and its energy dependence
Authors: Marini P , Taieb J , Neudecker D , Bélier G , Chatillon A , Etasse D. , Laurent B , Morfouace P , Morillon B , Devlin M , Gomez J A , Haight R C , Kelly K J , ODonnell J M
Published: September 2023

Measuring prompt fission neutrons to high precision is an experimental challenge, especially for radioactive fissioning nuclides. However, accurate average multiplicities,

ν
¯

p

, and kinetic energy distributions of prompt fission neutrons are essential for fundamental and applied nuclear physics. We present here a recent measurement of the 239Pu (n,f)

ν
¯

p

as a function of the incident-neutron energy, over the range 1-700 MeV. The measurement was performed with a cutting-edge setup and an innovative technique, which allowed to minimize and account for the main sources of bias. An unprecedented precision was therefore achieved. Our data are compared to GEF predictions as well as to evaluated libraries. For the first time, at low energies, the ENDF/B-VIII.0 nuclear data evaluation is validated with an independent measurement and the evaluated uncertainty reduced by up to 60%. This work paves the way to precisely measure prompt fission neutron multiplicities on highly radioactive nuclei.
Theoretical nuclear spectroscopy of highly excited states of 8Be nucleus
Authors: Rodkin D M , Tchuvil’sky Yu M
Published: September 2023

The results of ab initio calculations of the spectroscopic characteristics of the excited states of 8Be nucleus are presented. A satisfactory description of a variety of the spectroscopic data known from experiments has been achieved. A number of levels have been predicted that have not yet been observed experimentally. The results obtained demonstrate broad prospects for using ab initio approaches to study the spectra of light nuclei.
New high intensity Heavy - Ion beams @ INFN-LNS: NUMEN project status and perspective
Authors: Agodi C , Cappuzzello F. , Acosta L. , Amador-Valenzuela P. , Auerbach N. , Avanzi L.H. , Bellone J.I. , Bijker R. , Boztosun I. , Brasolin S. , Brischetto G.A. , Burrello S. , Bussa M.P. , Calabrese S. , Calvo D. , Campajola L. , Capirossi V. , Carbone D. , Cardozo E.N. , Cavallaro M. , Chávez Lomelí E.R. , Chinaglia E.F. , Ciraldo I. , Colonna M. , Costa K.M. , Dapo H. , De Benedictis C. , De Gregorio G. , Delaunay F. , Donaldson L. M. , Dumitrache F. , Eke C. , Ferraresi C. , Ferreira J.L. , Ferretti J. , Finocchiaro P. , Firat S. , Fisichella M. , Gallian S. , Gambacurta D. , Gandolfo E.M. , Garcia-Tecocoatzi H. , Gargano A. , Giovannini M. , Guazzelli M.A. , Hacisalihoglu A. , Huerta Hernandez A. , Iazzi F. , Isaak J. , Khumalo T. , Kotila J. , Koulouris S. , Kucuk Y. , Lanzalone G. , Lavagno A. , Lay J.A. , Lenske H. , Linares R. , Lubian J. , Marín-Lámbarri D.J. , Masunaga S. H. , Medina N.H. , Mereu P. , Moralles M. , Neri L. , Neveling R. , Oliveira J.R.B. , Pakou A. , Pandola L. , Panero R. , Pellegri L. , Persiani R. , Petrascu H. , Pietralla N. , Pinna F. , Russo A.D. , Russo G. , Santarelli T.M. , Santopinto E. , Santos R.B.B. , Sartirana D. , Sgouros O. , Sharma V.R. , Solakci S.O. , Soukeras V. , Souliotis G. , Spatafora A. , Torresi D. , Tudisco S. , Vargas Hernandez H. , Villagrán R. G. , Werner V. , Yildirim A. , Zagatto V.A.B.
Published: September 2023

The upgrade project POTLNS to produce high-intensity beams has already started at INFN- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud in Catania (Italy). The POTLNS project was triggered by the NUMEN physics case that aims to provide experimental information on the Nuclear Matrix Elements (NMEs) that enter in the expression of the neutrino-less double beta (0νββ) decay half-life. The tools proposed by NUMEN project are the cross-section measurements of nuclear Double Charge Exchange (DCE) reactions. The search for 0νββ decay is currently a key topic in physics, due to its possible wide implications for nuclear physics, particle physics and cosmology: the NUMEN project could provide a crucial contribution in this search.
What can we learn from giant resonances in light nuclei?
Authors: Usman I T , Carter J , Donaldson L M , Adsley P , Bahini A , Neveling R , Jingo M , Kureba C O , Latif M B , Olorunfunmi S D , Sideras-Haddad E , Smit F D , Kheswa N Y , von Neumann-Cosel P , Richter A , Roth R , Yu Ponomarev V , Papakonstantinou  , Litvinova E , Arsenyev N , Nesterenko V O , Severyukhin A , Fujita H
Published: September 2023

Extensive experimental investigations into understanding the fine structure of giant resonances in nuclei across the periodic table have been carried out in recent years using the state-of-the-art K600 magnetic spectrometer of iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa. Based on the established results in comparison to various theoretical calculations, it has been found that the fine structure observed in different giant resonances, namely Isoscalar Giant Quadrupole Resonance (ISGQR), Isovector Giant Dipole Resonance (IVGDR) and Isoscalar Giant Monopole Resonance (ISGMR), in light nuclei such as 40Ca, 28Si and 27Al is dominated by Landau damping although signatures for the role of the spreading width are also found. In this report, characteristic energy scales extracted in light nuclei are compared with the state-of-the-art theoretical calculations, while the fine structures results obtained are compared using semblance analysis to search for possible signatures of common fragmentation patterns induced by Landau damping and coupling to 2p-2h states obtained from different giant resonances.
Neutron activation analysis: Gamma-ray spectra analysis of thin foils irradiated with high-energy neutrons
Authors: Ndevu L , Lethole N L , Maleka P P
Published: September 2023

iThemba LABS is participating in a joint research project to measure neutron-induced cross-sections for the (n, xn) reactions for various target materials. For neutron energies above 20 MeV, the (n, xn) set of reactions is becoming increasingly important for neutron fluence monitoring and spectra unfolding for future generation IV nuclear reactors. Test experiments commenced at the iThemba LABS facility with irradiations of target materials using quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams at high energies (above 40 MeV). These experiments are meant to evaluate the sensitivity of generating a clear γ-ray spectrum above the background level of the counting system. For this contribution, we report on the neutron activation analysis of the following target materials, 197Au and 169Tm using a quasi-monoenergetic neutron beam of about 90 MeV. The discussion focuses on calibrating the gamma-ray detector, and counting, and analyzing the gamma-ray spectra of the neutron-activated foils. The following reaction products were identified 194Au, 196Au, 198Au, 167Tm, and 168Tm. Using the background-corrected gamma-ray spectra, the activities of the reaction products were calculated with uncertainties ranging between 5 % and 30 %.
Influence of neutron transfer channels on fusion dynamics near the Coulomb barrier for 28Si + 116,120,124Sn systems
Authors: Rani Anjali , Mandal S. , Chakraborty K. , Gupta R. , Ahmad C.V. , Parihari A. , Vishwakama D. , Khandelwal P. , Rawat P. S. , Sherpa P. , Kumar S. , Madhavan N. , Nath S. , Gehlot J. , Biswas Rohan , Gonika  , Kumar Chandra , Noor Shoaib , Vinayak A
Published: September 2023

The phenomenon of enhanced fusion cross-section as compared to the theoretical predictions of 1-D BPM has been extensively studied over the past few decades. However, the unambiguous role of neutron transfer channels on the sub-barrier fusion enhancement is still elusive in most cases. Fusion cross-section measurements ≈ 15% below and above the Coulomb barrier were performed to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the experimentally observed sub-barrier fusion enhancement. Coupled-channels calculations using CCFULL were used to decipher the reaction dynamics. CC calculations explained the fusion excitation function for 28Si + 116,120Sn systems after the inclusion of inelastic excitations along with a pair transfer. However, the observed behavior for the 28Si + 124Sn system could not be explained. The fusion barrier distribution has been extracted from the experimental data to unveil the various channels coupled in the concerned rection. A single uncoupled barrier was transformed into a distribution of barriers depicting the presence of different channels coupled in the reaction. The results indicate a significant effect from multi-neutron transfer channels on the fusion dynamics.
Lifetime measurements in 131Sb at LOHENGRIN
Authors: Bottoni S. , Gamba E. R. , De Gregorio G. , Gargano A. , Leoni S. , Fornal B. , Brancadori N. , Ciconali G. , Crespi F. C. L. , Cieplicka-Oryńczak N. , Iskra Ł. W. , Colombi G. , Kim Y.H. , Köster U. , Michelagnoli C. , Dunkel F. , Esmaylzadeh A. , Gerhard L. , Jolie J. , Knafla L. , Ley M. , Régis J.-M. , Schomaker K. , Sferrazza M.
Published: September 2023

The neutron-rich 131Sb nucleus was studied at Institut Laue-Langevin, with the LOHENGRIN spectrometer, via neutron-induced fission of 235U and lifetime measurements using LaBr3(Ce) detectors. The lifetimes of the

11
/

2
1
+

and

19
/

2
1
+

states were measured with the generalized centroid difference and the decay slope methods, yielding T½=3(2) ps and T½=1347(171) ps, respectively. The measured value for the

11
/

2
1
+

is at the limit of the fast-timing technique. The level scheme of 131Sb and the decay properties of the

11
/

2
1
+

state were described by realistic shell-model calculations, which reproduce well both the experimental spin and energy sequences of 131Sb and the measured B(E2;

11
/

2
1
+

→
7
/

2
1
+

) value, pointing to an almost pure 2+(130Sn) ⊗ πg7/2, core-proton coupled configuration for the

11
/

2
1
+

state.
Determination of the astrophysical factor of the 3He(α,γ)7Be down to zero energy using the asymptotic normalization coefficient method
Authors: La Cognata M. , Kiss G. G. , Yarmukhamedov R. , Tursunmakhatov K. I. , Wiedenhöver I. , Baby L. T. , Cherubini S. , Cvetinović A. , D’Agata G. , Figuera P. , Guardo G. L. , Gulino M. , Hayakawa S. , Indelicato I. , Lamia L. , Lattuada M. , Mudò F. , Palmerini S. , Pizzone R. G. , Rapisarda G. G. , Romano S. , Sergi M. L. , Spartà R. , Spitaleri C. , Trippella O. , Tumino A. , Anastasiou M. , Kuvin S.A. , Rijal N. , Schmidt B. , Igamov S. B. , Sakuta S. B. , Fülöp Zs. , Gyürky Gy. , Szücs T. , Halász Z. , Somorjai E. , Hons Z. , Mrázek J. , Tribble R. E. , Mukhamedzhanov A. M.
Published: September 2023

The observation of neutrinos emitted in the p − p chain and in the CNO cycle can be employed to test the Standard Solar Model. The 3He(α,γ)7Be reaction is the first reaction of the 2nd and 3rd branch of the p − p chain, so the indetermination of its cross section significantly affects the predicted 7Be and 8B neutrino fluxes. Notwithstanding its relevance and the great deal of experimental and theoretical papers, information of the reaction cross section at energies of the core of the Sun (15 keV - 30 keV) is sparse and additional experimental work is necessary to attain the target (~ 3%) accuracy. The precise understanding of the external capture component to the 3He(α,γ)7Be reaction cross section is pivotal for the theoretical assessment of the reaction mechanism. In this work, the indirect measurement of this external capture component using the Asymptotic Normalization Coefficient (ANC) technique is discussed. To extract the ANC, the angular distributions of deuterons yielded in the 6Li(3He,d)7Be α-transfer reaction were detected with high precision at E3He
=3.0 MeV and 5.0 MeV. The ANCs were then deduced from the juxtaposition of DWBA and CC calculations with the experimental angular distributions and the zero energy astrophysical S-factor for 3He(α,γ)7Be reaction was calculated to equal 0.534 ± 0.025 keVb. Both our experimental and theoretical approaches were tested through the analysis of the 6Li(p,γ)7Be astrophysical factor, with further interesting astrophysical implications.
Towards a direct measurement of the E
cm
= 65 keV resonance strength in 17O(p, γ)18F at LUNA
Authors: Ciani G.F. , Piatti D. ,   LUNA collaboration
Published: September 2023

The 17O(p, γ)18F reaction plays a crucial role in several stellar scenarios where the hydrogen burning phases takes place. In particular, in the temperature energy range of interest for AGB nucleosynthesis (20 MK< T <80 MK) the main contribution to the astrophysical reaction rate comes from the elusive 65 keV resonance. Indeed, this resonance strength is at the moment determined only through indirect measurements, with a reported value of ωγ = (1.6 ± 0.3) × 10−11 eV. With typical experimental quantities for beam current, isotopic enrichment and detection efficiency, this strength yields an expected count rate of less than one count per Coulomb, making the direct measurement of this resonance extremely challenging. The Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics (LUNA) 400kV accelerator installed in Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (Italy) provides a unique possibility to directly measure this low resonance thanks to the reduction of cosmic ray background by six orders of magnitude with respect surface laboratories and thanks to an intense, narrow proton beam. To improve the experimental sensitivity, the environmental background was further reduced designing a lead and borated (5%) polyethylene shielding and the absorption of γ − rays emitted by the reaction was minimised by the installation of target chamber and holder made of aluminum.

With about 400 Coulomb accumulated on Ta2O5 targets, with nominal 17O enrichment of 90%, the LUNA collaboration has performed the first direct measurement of the 65 keV resonance strength.
Shape analysis of the 4.44 MeV γ-ray line complex produced in inelastic proton scattering off 12C over the indent energy range of Ep = 30−200 MeV
Authors: Rahma Y. , Ouichaoui S. , Kiener J. , Lawrie E. A. , Lawrie J. J. , Tatischeff V. , Belhout A. , Moussa D. , Yahia-Cherif W. , Benhabiles-Mezhoud H. , Bucher T. D. , Dinoko T. R. S. , Chafa A. , Conradie J. L. , Damache S. , Debabi M. , Deloncle I. , Easton J. L. , Fouka M. , Hamadache C. , Hammache F. , Jones P. , Kheswa B. V. , Khumalo N. A. , Lamula T. , Majola S. N. T. , Ndayishimye J. , Negi D. , Noncolela S. P. , Ouziane S. , Papka P. , Peterson S. , Kumar Raju M. , Ramanathan V. , Rebeiro B. M. , de Séréville N. , Sharpey-Schafer J. F. , Shirinda O. , Wiedeking M. , Wyngaardt S.
Published: September 2023

We report γ-ray spectra for the line observed at Eγ = 4.44 MeV in our previous experiments at iThemba LABS’ SSC facility using 30 - 200 MeV proton beams to irradiate a natC target. It is actually a complex composed of several lines of interest broadened by Doppler effect. In addition to the dominant 4.439 MeV line of 12C, two other lines at Eγ = 4.319 and 4.445 MeV assigned to 11C and 11B, respectively, are significant components of this complex. The analysis of its line shapes based on nuclear reaction models is the main topic of this contribution.
Study of the 44Ti(α, p)47V reaction rate using high-precision 50Cr(p, t)48Cr measurements
Authors: Binda S D , Adsley P , Long A M , Berg G , Brümmer J W , Couder M , Görres J , Kamimota M , Khumalo N , Köhne M , Li K C W , Malatji K L , Marín-Lámbarri D J , Meisel Z , Mhlongo S S , Mthembu S H , Neveling R , Papka P , Pellegri L , Pesudo V , Pool L C , Sideras-Haddad E , Smit F D , Wiedeking M , Wiescher M C , van Zyl J J
Published: September 2023

The abundance and distribution of 44Ti tells us about the nature of the core-collapse supernovae explosions. There is a need to understand the nuclear reaction network creating and destroying 44Ti in order to use it as a probe for the explosive mechanism. The 44Ti(α, p)47V reaction is a very important reaction and it controls the destruction of 44Ti. Difficulties with direct measurements have led to an attempt to study this reaction indirectly. Here, the first step of the indirect study which is the identification of levels of the compound nucleus 48Cr is presented. A 100-MeV proton beam was incident on a 50Cr target. States in 48Cr were populated in the 50Cr(p, t)48Cr reaction. The tritons were momentum-analysed in the K600 Q2D magnetic spectrometer at iThemba LABS.
Method for converting neutron time-of-flight spectrum into an energy spectrum
Authors: Musacchio-González E. , Mastinu P.F. , Martín-Hernández G.
Published: September 2023

In neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) experiments a pulsed neutron beam travels a predetermined distance before reaching the sample under examination. The problem of reconstructing the primary neutron spectrum from the measured one with this technique is discussed in this work. A solution is presented employing the response matrix of the neutron detector and an unfolding procedure.
Search for beyond standard model physics in free neutron decay
Authors: Kozela A. , Bodek K. , Choi J. , DeKeukeleere L. , Dhanmeher K. , Engler M. , Gupta G. , Łojek K. , Pysz K. , Ries D. , Rozpędzik D. , Severijns N. , Soldner T. , Włoch B. , Yazdandoost N. , Young A. R. , Zejma J.
Published: September 2023

Applying a Mott polarimetry for measurement of the transverse polarization components of electrons from free neutron decay as well as proton momentum reconstruction using the combination of the time of flight method and the kinematical constrains of this three body decay, one gets access to eleven correlation coefficients of the neutron β-decay. Successful measurement of some of these coefficients would allow for an unique access to exotic scalar and tensor couplings of weak interactions and obtaining new constraints on their imaginary part, known with much worse accuracy. Results of the performance studies of some key experimental components of the prototype setup performed during the test run in 2021 at ILL PF1B neutron beam line are presented.
Improved Drug Traceability Code Detection Algorithm Based on YOLOv5
Authors: Jun Li , Jiajie Zhang , Jinglei Wu , Yanzhao Liu
Published: September 2023

In order to enhance the storage efficiency of drug traceability code information on the blockchain and improve the extraction capability of drug traceability codes on drug packaging, a detection algorithm based on an enhanced version of YOLOv5 is proposed for the drug production and transportation scenario. The proposed algorithm introduces the SPD-Conv module into the backbone network, thereby enhancing the network’s ability to extract detailed feature information. Additionally, the CA attention mechanism is incorporated into the Neck of the network, providing the network with superior feature fusion capabilities. Furthermore, the activation function in the network is replaced with the LeakyReLU activation function, reducing computational requirements during training and inference. This replacement improves the model’s test accuracy and detection speed. Experimental evaluation, conducted on a self-built dataset, demonstrates the effectiveness of the improved YOLOv5 model. The results indicate a compression of model parameters from 6.14M to 2.71M, an increase in mAP@.5 from 82.4% to 93.7%, and a boost in detection speed from 32FPS to 51FPS. These findings establish the superior performance of the enhanced model compared to the original version.
Infrared image segmentation of cracks in the rail foot
Authors: Wenjing Jia , Liqing Xiao
Published: September 2023

With the rapid development of socio-economy, railway safety operation has attracted increasing attention. Currently, the most widely used crack detection method on railways is still ultrasonic testing. However, the traditional ultrasonic testing method has certain blind zones and cannot detect cracks on both sides of the rail foot. This paper uses infrared non-destructive testing equipment to detect the temperature distribution on the surface of the rail foot, obtains the infrared image of the temperature distribution on the surface of the rail foot, and uses iterative threshold segmentation method to segment the infrared image. The skeleton of rail cracks is extracted from the temperature information of the infrared image, and the length of rail cracks is calculated based on the coordinate temperature information at the edge of the rail. This improves the accuracy of calculating the geometric characteristics of rail foot cracks.
Reproducing “Show, Attend and Tell: Neural Image Caption Generation with Visual Attention”
Authors: Liu Haixia , Brailsford Tim
Published: September 2023

This paper replicates the experiment presented in the work of Xu et al. [1], and examines errors in the generated captions. The analysis of the identified errors aims to provide deeper insight into the underlying causes. This study also encompasses subsequent experiments aiming at investigating the feasibility of rectifying these errors via a post-processing stage. Image recognition and object detection models, as well as a language probability computational model were explored. The findings presented in this paper aim to contribute towards the overarching objective of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), thereby providing potential pathways to improve image captioning.
Coarse Aggregate Shape Classification Method Based on Per-Optuna-LightGBM Model
Authors: Feng Xin , Sun Zhaoyun , Xing Zhenzhen , Wu Yulong , Lian Chenyi
Published: September 2023

To improve the detection level of aggregate shape for automated road use, Per-Optuna-LightGBM model for aggregate shape classification is proposed. Collect aggregate images using industrial camera and extract 48 morphological feature parameters. A feature importance analysis method based on Spearman Correlation and Permutation Importance is proposed to remove redundant factors and select the feature parameters of aggregate morphology. Based on cross-validation, an optimized Optuna-LightGBM model is trained based on the constructed dataset. Compared with GS-XGBoost algorithm, the Optuna-LightGBM model can classify the shape of aggregates more accurately and efficiently. The accuracy value of the proposed model is 82.5%, which increased by 4% compared to before optimization. The proposed model can efficiently classify the shape of aggregates which meet the design requirements, also provide a certain foundation for automated classification of aggregate shapes.
Online Ride-hailing Demand Prediction Model Based on GRU & LSTM
Authors: Wang Junnan , Zhao Liang , Du Jin , A-He-Ti Jieensi
Published: September 2023

While online car-hailing provides fast and convenient services, it has the same problems in the process of ‘seeking customers’ as traditional taxis. With the research goal of the demand for online ride-hailing, an online ride-hailing demand forecast model based on G & LSTM is proposed. Firstly, grey relational degree analysis and other methods are used to analyze which and how the relevant factors affect the demand for online car-hailing. Secondly, the demand prediction model of online car-hailing based on GRU&LSTM is trained an adjusted. Through the adjustment and comparison experiment, the values of each parameter in the model are properly adjusted. Finally, based on the running data of Chengdu, the model proposed is verified and evaluated. The experimental results show that the GRU&LSTM prediction model has good prediction effect. By comparing the prediction effect of weighting data and unweighting data, it can be seen that weighted data has better prediction effect.
Extended Object Tracking Based on Distributed Sensor Network
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yang Xiaojun , Zhao Chengwei , Wang Yuehua
Published: September 2023

In this paper, an extended Kalman filtering algorithm based on coupled velocity model (CVM) is proposed for extended object tracking under distributed sensor networks. This algorithm tracks an object using measurements collected by multiple sensor nodes, and then obtains a global solution based on weighted Kullback-Leibler divergence. Simulation results display that the improved method can effectively track the extended object.
Extended object tracking when irregular star convex mutations
Authors: Zhao Chengwei , Yang Xiaojun , Zhang Yu , Wu Lumeng
Published: September 2023

In this paper, for extended object tracking in the case of mutation of irregular stars convex shape, using Random Hypersurface Model (RHM ) to model the object, then the target shape is expressed as parameter by radial function. Considering that using circle as a prior shape information requires a long filter consumption time, the RHM-CC-IOU-UKF algorithm proposed in this paper uses the center contour method to correct the prior shape information of the object, and then uses the Intersection over Union (IOU) method to improve the object tracking accuracy in the mutation case. The object estimation shape is updated when combined with a simple filtering algorithm. Eventually, the effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated by simulation experiments in two scenarios.
Investigating the Effects of Downhill Roads on Driver’s Eye Movements
Authors: Qi Honglei , Zhu Yishui , Iqbal Noman , Yang Kaizhu , Wang Luyang
Published: September 2023

Despite the increasing popularity of self-driving cars, researchers in the transportation industry continues to prioritize accident prevention and safety improvement. This study inspects the influence of driving experience and gender on the driver’s gaze and pupil behaviors while descending a downhill. The data in this paper was collected by equipping ten subjects Tobii Pro glasses II in a series of experiments designed to track their gaze and pupil behavior in a downhill road section. The statistical and Python-based data analysis shows that novice drivers pay more attention to the instrument panel on the downhill road, and their pupils’ diameter is larger at both the top and bottom of the hill. In addition, female drivers pay more attention to the instrument panel than male drivers do during downhill tasks. Finally, more accurate formulas can be obtained by considering the experience and gender of drivers through logistics regression. This study has important theoretical significance for discovering the driver’s target search process and improving the driver assistance system.
Study on Energy Control for Low-Voltage DC Distribution Systems
Authors: Baiqiang Shen , Chaoliang Wang , Xiangxin Nie , Yan Li , Xingyu Chen , Yikun He
Published: September 2023

This paper focuses on the study of energy control for LVDC distribution systems based on maintaining a stable DC bus voltage. The system includes photovoltaic (PV) arrays, energy storage, and AC/DC loads. The Boost converter is used in the PV array to switch freely between MPPT and constant voltage modes. The MPPT control is applied to the PV modules to ensure maximum power output, and the energy storage unit adjusts the output to stabilize the DC bus voltage and maintain system power balance. The implementation of the proposed control strategy is in a MATLAB/Simulink simulation model to verify its correctness and effectiveness. The simulation results show that the control strategy can maintain a stable DC bus voltage, and improve the efficiency of LVDC system. The study provides valuable insights into the development of efficient and reliable energy control strategies for LVDC power distribution systems.
Encounter-based reaction-subdiffusion model I: surface adsorption and the local time propagator
Authors: Bressloff Paul C
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we develop an encounter-based model of partial surface adsorption for fractional diffusion in a bounded domain. We take the probability of adsorption to depend on the amount of particle-surface contact time, as specified by a Brownian functional known as the boundary local time

ℓ
(
t
)

. If the rate of adsorption is state dependent, then the adsorption process is non-Markovian, reflecting the fact that surface activation/deactivation proceeds progressively by repeated particle encounters. The generalized adsorption event is identified as the first time that the local time crosses a randomly generated threshold. Different models of adsorption (Markovian and non-Markovian) then correspond to different choices for the random threshold probability density

ψ
(
ℓ
)

. The marginal probability density for particle position

X

(
t
)

prior to absorption depends on ψ and the joint probability density for the pair

(

X

(
t
)
,
ℓ
(
t
)
)

, also known as the local time propagator. In the case of normal diffusion one can use a Feynman–Kac formula to derive an evolution equation for the propagator. Here we derive the local time propagator equation for fractional diffusion by taking a continuum limit of a heavy-tailed continuous-time random walk (CTRW). We begin by considering a CTRW on a one-dimensional lattice with a reflecting boundary at n = 0. We derive an evolution equation for the joint probability density of the particle location

N
(
t
)
∈
{
n
∈

Z

,
n
⩾
0
}

and the amount of time

χ
(
t
)

spent at the origin. The continuum limit involves rescaling

χ
(
t
)

by a factor

1

/

Δ
x

, where

Δ
x

is the lattice spacing. In the limit

Δ
x
→
0

, the rescaled functional

χ
(
t
)

becomes the Brownian local time at x = 0. We use our encounter-based model to investigate the effects of subdiffusion and non-Markovian adsorption on the long-time behavior of the first passage time (FPT) density in a finite interval

[
0
,
L
]

with a reflecting boundary at x = L. In particular, we determine how the choice of function ψ affects the large-t power law decay of the FPT density. Finally, we indicate how to extend the model to higher spatial dimensions.
A review of color and COD removal from textile effluent by coagulation and advanced oxidation processes
Authors: Odhaib W Y , Jaeel A J
Published: September 2023

The textile sector has a long history, and it makes significant contributions to the national economy. Disposing of colored wastewater poses serious environmental risks. Over the past few decades, the elimination of color from textile industries has proven to be quite challenging because it contains a high percentage of organic and inorganic ingredients, which makes it difficult to handle. The textile industry poses a severe environmental hazard due to its heavy use of water. Therefore, wastewater treatment is an environmental challenge. Several wastewater treatment processes are available. However, Research is still ongoing to find low-cost and high-efficiency treatment methods. Keeping in mind the permissible limitations of the wastewater systems, treatment techniques for water consumption are studied again. Recently, coagulation, flocculation, and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been studied for water treatment in textile factories around the globe. There are several treatment options for the waters where AOPs were used for only tissue pretreatment or in combination with biological, physical, and chemical treatments. The objective of this research is to investigate the main variables influencing process effectiveness, namely COD, color BOD, pH, and temperature. According to research, the combination of treatment technologies helps improve water quality and create an environmentally friendly climate, regardless of the physical and chemical characteristics of the effluent.
Bio-based synthesis of a sustainable Nano drag reducing agent for sprinkler irrigation systems
Authors: Sabeeh Nawras S , Mohammad Abbas K
Published: September 2023

High-grade silica Nano particles were extracted from rice husk using a straightforward thermochemical method. The specifications of the isolated Nano particles were verified using a variety of material characterization techniques. Siloxane and silanol groups were notably visible in the spectra obtained using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Scanning Electron Microscopy images revealed main Nano particles alongside secondary Micro particles. The size of the particles varied from 14.56 to 33.72 nm. The drag reduction experiments were took place in a facility that uses a forced closed loop. The extracted Nano silica was mixed with faucet water at a weight concentration of 50 to 400 mg/l to reduce drag. Records of pressure loss were obtained along a 186 cm carbon steel tube with internal diameters of 1.6 and 2.7 cm and variable flow rates of solutions at a comfortable temperature of 25 °C. The friction factor values were found to be around Blasuis asymptote for pure water but they were found to be near maximum drag reduction asymptotes when using the Nano material. A maximal drag reduction of nearly 68 % was achieved by using 400 ppm of Nano silica. It was observed that there is a crucial Reynolds number around 96000 that should not be surpassed since any additional increase results in a drop in drag reduction. Furthermore, a relationship between wall shear stress and velocity of the fluid was established.
Evaluation of environmental carrying capacity based on land capability for agriculture development in the Melolo Transmigration Area, East Sumba
Authors: Rojikhah Afifatur , Leksono Amin Setyo , Rachmansyah Arief
Published: September 2023

One way to do equitable development is to grow activity centers in an area. Transmigration is one of the government programs implemented to foster new activity centers in less developed areas. At present, Development Area Unit B of the Melolo Transmigration Area is a development priority to grow the area in the central part of East Sumba. The construction of transmigration settlements has been carried out since 2010 for settlement and agriculture, so it is necessary to evaluate the environmental carrying capacity to determine the suitability of land cover and land use to land capability. The method used is to compare land capability with land cover and land use and then assess its suitability. Based on the results of the analysis it is known that land capability in Development Area Unit B Melolo Transmigration Area is divided into four land capability classes, namely land capability classes I, II, III, and IV. Comparison of land capability with land cover and land use are included in the suitable criteria of 72.60 %, conditionally suitable at 23.11 %, and not suitable at 4.30 %. These results indicate that the environmental carrying capacity has not exceeded the threshold and requires conservation measures for agricultural development.
Mel-frequency cepstral and spectral flux analysis of the acoustic signal for real-time status monitoring of laser cleaning
Authors: Aleem S A A , Yusof M F M , Quazi M , Halil M A , Ishak M
Published: September 2023

Due to the fact that the laser-based cleaning process is quick, efficient, and environmentally friendly, it has been utilized in a various industry, which has increased the number of studies pertaining to this process. In addition to process optimization, the real-time monitoring system was essential in preventing the overexposure of the laser beam to the cleansed surface, which would result in an engraving effect. This article demonstrated the analysis of the acquired sound signal to identify an overexposed laser beam during laser cleaning. In order to accomplish the aim of this work, the corroded boron steel plate was prepared. The laser cleaning procedure involved a four-loop laser scan. Variable scanning speeds between 100 and 1,000 mm s−1 were configured. Concurrently, the acoustic signal within the frequency range of 20 Hz to 10 kHz was acquired. The results indicate that the process with a scanning speed of 1000 mm s−1 recorded the clear surface without morphological change on the cleaned area, whereas an unacceptable deep gouge was formed during the second and third loops of the process with speeds of 100 mm s−1 and 300 mm s−1, respectively. According to an analysis of the acquired sound signal, the trend of the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) was indicative of the existence of the ablated corroded substrate. In addition, the spectral flux can provide important information regarding the formation of a deep groove on a cleansed surface. This research demonstrates the feasibility of using the auditory signal to monitor the laser cleaning process. By characterizing the acoustic signal feature, it is possible to detect the completion of the cleaning process before the morphological change of the cleaned area existed. With further development, it was possible that this method would become the most efficient, resilient, and demanding in the future.
Non-aldehyde resins based on resorcinol and natural alkylresorcinols modified with styrene
Authors: Jurkeviciute Ana , Grigorieva Larisa , Tõnsuaadu Kaia , Yashicheva Tamara , Bondarev Dmitrij
Published: September 2023

The use of natural alkylresorcinols produced in Estonia (5-methylresorcinol, HONEYOL80 fraction) instead of the expensive resorcinol reduces the cost of the synthesized resins while maintaining their high technological characteristics. Resins based on resorcinol (R), 5-methylresorcinol (5-MR), HONEYOL80, dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), and styrene (S) were synthesized in the presence of an acid catalyst. Their physical and chemical characteristics have also been studied. It was shown that depending on the mole ratio of the components of the formulation, resins with different softening temperatures (66 to 97 °C), ash content of 0.04 to 0.39 wt%, and a low content of volatile components at 105 °C, including moisture, were obtained. The best conditions for the synthesis of resins with a softening point of 94 °C–97 °C are molar ratio of R (5-MR): DCPD: S = 1: 0.5: 0.3 at temperature 135 °C–170 °C, synthesis time 5 h 30 min. The synthesized resins did not require additional processing under a vacuum. The presence of unreacted resorcinol and 5-methylresorcinol (quantitatively and qualitatively) in the final product, the homogeneity, and molecular weight characteristics of the resin composition (qualitatively) were determined by TLC and GPC.
National Hospital and Health-System Controlled Substances Drug Diversion Prevention & Surveillance Program Assessment Survey — 2021
Authors: Fortier Christopher R
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To present and discuss the results of the National Hospital and Health-System Controlled Substances Drug Diversion Prevention & Surveillance Program Assessment Survey.

Methods

The survey was emailed to 1,529 chief pharmacy officers utilizing the list of directors of pharmacy from the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. The survey opened September 15, 2021, and closed October 4, 2021. Forty-nine questions were included in 5 different sections, and participants were also given the option to respond to 39 additional questions.

Results

The survey response rate was 12.75%, with the results showing consistencies in practice around drug security and human resource management. Sixty-two percent of sites had a formalized drug diversion committee, half of which had been implemented since 2018. Adoption of electronic controlled substance systems continues to increase, with 50% of sites having implemented such a system in the previous 3 years. At the time of the survey, 18% of organizations did not have an electronic system, but 90% of sites had implemented or intended to implement one by 2023. Over 40% of sites that utilized an electronic system were looking to upgrade to a next-generation system. Most organizations had 0.5 to 1 full-time equivalent dedicated to diversion prevention, and two-thirds of sites had a formalized diversion committee. The majority of sites defined “significant loss” by utilizing professional judgement, based on the scenario, as a percentage of inventory or as a range of units. Community practice consensus is needed around auditing adjustments to controlled substance inventory and for perpetual inventory processes. Respondents reported 1 to 2 (29%), 3 to 5 (26%), and more than 10 (26%) formal drug diversion investigations annually.

Conclusion

This first-time survey provided significant insight into the realities of drug diversion prevention practices in hospitals and health systems nationally.
A cell-level discriminative neural network model for diagnosis of blood cancers
Authors: Robles Edgar E , Jin Ye , Smyth Padhraic , Scheuermann Richard H , Bui Jack D , Wang Huan-You , Oak Jean , Qian Yu
Published: September 2023

Motivation

Precise identification of cancer cells in patient samples is essential for accurate diagnosis and clinical monitoring but has been a significant challenge in machine learning approaches for cancer precision medicine. In most scenarios, training data are only available with disease annotation at the subject or sample level. Traditional approaches separate the classification process into multiple steps that are optimized independently. Recent methods either focus on predicting sample-level diagnosis without identifying individual pathologic cells or are less effective for identifying heterogeneous cancer cell phenotypes.

Results

We developed a generalized end-to-end differentiable model, the Cell Scoring Neural Network (CSNN), which takes sample-level training data and predicts the diagnosis of the testing samples and the identity of the diagnostic cells in the sample, simultaneously. The cell-level density differences between samples are linked to the sample diagnosis, which allows the probabilities of individual cells being diagnostic to be calculated using backpropagation. We applied CSNN to two independent clinical flow cytometry datasets for leukemia diagnosis. In both qualitative and quantitative assessments, CSNN outperformed preexisting neural network modeling approaches for both cancer diagnosis and cell-level classification. Post hoc decision trees and 2D dot plots were generated for interpretation of the identified cancer cells, showing that the identified cell phenotypes match the cancer endotypes observed clinically in patient cohorts. Independent data clustering analysis confirmed the identified cancer cell populations.

Availability and implementation

The source code of CSNN and datasets used in the experiments are publicly available on GitHub (http://github.com/erobl/csnn). Raw FCS files can be downloaded from FlowRepository (ID: FR-FCM-Z6YK).
Envisioning Social Justice With Criminalized Young Adults
Authors: Weaver Beth , McCulloch Trish , Vaswani Nina
Published: September 2023

Rather than attending to the social harms underpinning youth offending, justice responses tend to amplify and entrench them. While perhaps less noticeable, inequalities further reside in the systematic disparities in criminalized young adults’ opportunities to influence policy and practice and to have control of the choices concerning their present and their future. Resultantly, perhaps, there is a significant disconnect between policy and practice directed towards this group, their lived realities and developmentally specific needs. This article reports on a design-led, participatory study involving 12 criminalized young adults, aged 18–25, oriented to listening to, and learning from, their experiences and visions of social justice in order to influence more socially just responses to offending than we have at present.
Enhancing Chromatographic Analysis: A Novel Cryo-Enrichment Module for GC Analysis of Terpenes in Cannabis sativa
Authors: Sadaunykas Audrius , Zolumskis Audrius , Balčiūnas Simonas , Naujalis Evaldas
Published: September 2023

This study presents the development and validation of a gas chromatography (GC) method using cryo-enrichment for the analysis of α-pinene and β-caryophyllene in Cannabis sativa plant. Cryo-enrichment is a method that involves cooling part of the GC column to improve some aspect of chromatographic analysis. The aim of this study was to improve upon previous GC cryo-enrichment prototype and to create and validate a method for the analysis of these terpene compounds, which have received increasing attention for their medicinal properties. The improved cryo-enrichment device used in this study was built in-house and used a custom-built aluminum GC column holder cooled by a two-stage cryo-cooler. The validated method was found to be precise, accurate and sensitive, with good repeatability.