bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integration of Central, East, West Java and Jakartas Shallot Market
Authors: Sholihah Siti , Karsinah Karsinah
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to know and analyze the shallot markets of Central Java with shallot markets in East Java, Jakarta, and West Java. The method of data analysis in this study is the Johansen Cointegration Test, Causality Test, and Vektor Error Correction Model (VECM). The data used is secondary data in the form of monthly sources from the Central Statistics Agency and the Ministry of Agriculture. The results of the research are producer markets and consumer markets in Central Java are integrated, the Central Java producer market and the East Java consumer market, Jakarta consumer market, and West Java consumer market are integrated, the Central Java consumer market and East Java consumer market, Jakarta consumer market, and West Java consumer market are integrated. Based on the trial of the causality of market integration carried out is weak, only the consumer market integration of Central Java with East Java consumer market is strong. Based on the results of the VAR / VECM analysis shows that adjustment of the prices of shallots in Central Java producer market slower than adjustments of  the price of Central Java, East Java, and Jakarta consumer markets. Efforts to overcome this problem can be done by increasing the implementation of policies on the floor price and the ceiling price.
The Effect of Industrial Existence on the Environment and Socio-Economy
Authors: Pujiati Amin , Imron Mohamad
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of industry on the water quality index, air quality index, land cover quality index, population health complaints, and gross domestic product. This study uses quantitative methods with panel data, which is a combination of cross section data from 30 provinces in Indonesia and time series for the period 2013-2017. The analytical method used is structural equation model-partial least squares. The results showed that the industry had a significant negative effect on the water quality index, air quality index, and land cover quality index. While the industry has a significant positive effect on population health complaints and gross domestic product. The conclusion from this study is that the industry is more likely to have a negative impact on the environment and social, while the positive impact is more likely to affect the economy. Advice for the government is the need for industrial development efforts accompanied by improvements in environmental quality to maintain system balance.
Analysis of Demand for Beef in Semarang Regency
Authors: Adetyobagus Donny Samudra
Published: March 2020

Semarang Regency is one of the districts that has the highest demand for beef in Central Java. Although the price of beef continues to increase every year, but the demand for beef also continues to increase. The purpose of this study was to find out and analyze the factors that influence the demand for beef in Semarang Regency. The method used in this study is quantitative descriptive research. The variables used in this study were demand for beef, beef prices, population, per capita income, and chicken meat prices. The analytical method used in this study is multiple regression analysis with OLS (Ordinary Least Square) method. The results showed that the variable price of beef has a positive and significant effect with a coefficient of 3.460495. The variable population number has a positive and significant effect with a coefficient of 1.276796. The variable income per capita has a positive and significant effect with a coefficient of 0.028931. While the variable price of chicken meat does not have a significant effect on the demand for beef. Based on the results of the above research it can be concluded that the variable price of beef, population and per capita income has a positive and significant effect on the demand for beef in Semarang Regency. While the variable price of chicken does not significantly influence the demand for beef in Semarang Regency.

Kabupaten Semarang adalah salah satu kabupaten yang memiliki permintaan daging sapi tertinggi di Jawa Tengah. Meski harga daging sapi terus meningkat setiap tahun, namun permintaan akan daging sapi juga terus meningkat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi permintaan daging sapi di Kabupaten Semarang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah permintaan daging sapi, harga daging sapi, populasi, pendapatan per kapita, dan harga daging ayam. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi berganda dengan metode OLS (Ordinary Least Square). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel harga daging sapi memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan dengan koefisien sebesar 3,460495. Jumlah populasi variabel memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan dengan koefisien 1,276796. Variabel pendapatan per kapita memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan dengan koefisien 0,028931. Sedangkan variabel harga daging ayam tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap permintaan daging sapi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel harga daging sapi, populasi dan pendapatan per kapita berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap permintaan daging sapi di Kabupaten Semarang. Sedangkan variabel harga ayam tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap permintaan daging sapi di Kabupaten Semarang.
Strategy for the Development of Salak Fruit Business
Authors: Unifah Unifah
Published: March 2020

Agricultural value added can be increased through with off farm agribusiness, one of wich is horticultural commodities such as zalacca fruit to increase the price of the commodity. There are must be post harvest handling such as processing of zalacca juice by Women Farmer Group (KWT) Mekarsari in Kupangan Village of Wonosobo Regency. Some obstacles experienced by wire Mekarsari doing zalacca juice processing business include the skill of human resources that are have low skill, quality products are not durable and product marketing is still low. The purpose of this research is to establish priorities for the development strategy zalacca juice processing business in Kupangan Village Wonosobo Regency. This research uses Analytical Network Process (ANP) method with use Super Decision software. ANP can accommodate the interrelationship between criteria or between alternatives where there is a linkage in one element (inner dependence) and the interrelationship between different elements (outer dependence). ANP analysis results show there are three alternative business development processing of the zalacca juice of KWT Mekarsari produces aspects of product quality as the top priority and the right strategy to improve the quality of long lasting zalacca juice products. Recommendation strategy to improve product quality is the highest priority strategy, is 0.4764.

Nilai tambah pertanian dapat ditingkatkan melalui agribisnis di luar pertanian, salah satunya adalah komoditas hortikultura seperti buah salak untuk meningkatkan harga komoditas tersebut. Harus ada penanganan pasca panen seperti pengolahan jus zalacca oleh Kelompok Tani Wanita (KWT) Mekarsari di Desa Kupangan, Kabupaten Wonosobo. Beberapa kendala yang dialami oleh kawat Mekarsari dalam melakukan bisnis pengolahan jus zakat antara lain keterampilan sumber daya manusia yang memiliki keterampilan rendah, produk berkualitas tidak tahan lama dan pemasaran produk masih rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menetapkan prioritas strategi pengembangan bisnis pengolahan jus zakat di Desa Kupangan Kabupaten Wonosobo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Analytical Network Process (ANP) dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Super Decision. ANP dapat mengakomodasi keterkaitan antara kriteria atau antara alternatif di mana ada keterkaitan dalam satu elemen (ketergantungan dalam) dan keterkaitan antara elemen yang berbeda (ketergantungan luar). Hasil analisis ANP menunjukkan ada tiga alternatif pengembangan bisnis pengolahan jus zalak dari KWT Mekarsari menghasilkan aspek kualitas produk sebagai prioritas utama dan strategi yang tepat untuk meningkatkan kualitas produk jus zalacca yang tahan lama. Strategi rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan kualitas produk adalah strategi prioritas tertinggi, yaitu 0,4764.
Analisis Kausalitas antara Investasi, Pendapatan Nasional, dan Jumlah Uang Beredar
Authors: Murdiah Asila , Bowo Prasetyo Ari
Published: March 2020

The relationship between investment, national income and money supply are interrelated. Increased investment can increase national income. Likewise, the increase in national income can increase investment. Besides investment increase can also increase the money supply. As investment increases, the national income will increase, which means an increase in people's income. The increase in people's income will lead to increased public consumption that would cause an increase in the money supply. If there is excess supply of money, Bank Indonesia will take the policy to reduce interest rates. These conditions will encourage investors to invest which in turn will increase the output and national income. This study aims to prove the causal relationship between the investment, national income and the amount of money circulating in Indonesia period 2007.1-2015.4. To prove the existence of a causal relationship between the study variables then performed Granger causality test method VECM (Vector Error Correction Model). Granger causality analysis results show that, first, there is a causal relationship between national income and investment. Secondly, there is a causal relationship between the national income and the money supply. Third, there is no causal relationship between investment and money supply.

Hubungan antara investasi, pendapatan nasional dan jumlah uang beredar saling berkaitan. Peningkatan investasi dapat meningkatkan pendapatan nasional. Begitu pula sebaliknya, peningkatan pendapatan nasional dapat meningkatkan investasi. Selain itu peningkatan investasi juga dapat meningkatkan jumlah uang beredar. Ketika investasi meningkat maka pendapatan nasional akan meningkat yang berarti terjadi peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat. Kenaikan pendapatan masyarakat ini akan menyebabkan konsumsi masyarakat meningkat sehingga akan menyebabkan kenaikan jumlah uang beredar. Apabila terjadi kelebihan jumlah uang beredar, Bank Indonesia akan mengambil kebijakan penurunan tingkat suku bunga. Kondisi ini akan mendorong minat investor untuk berinvestasi yang pada akhirnya akan meningkatkan output dan pendapatan nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan adanya hubungan kausalitas antara investasi, pendapatan nasional dan jumlah uang beredar di Indonesia periode 2007.1-2015.4. Untuk membuktikan ada tidaknya hubungan kausalitas antarvariabel penelitian maka dilakukan uji kausalitas Granger dengan metode VECM (Vector Error Correction Model). Hasil analisis kausalitas Granger menunjukkan bahwa, pertama, terdapat hubungan kausalitas antara pendapatan nasional dan investasi. Kedua, terdapat hubungan kausalitas antara pendapatan nasional dan jumlah uang beredar. Ketiga, tidak terdapat hubungan kausalitas antara investasi dan jumlah uang beredar.
HEKİM VE HEMŞİRELERİN TIBBİ HATA TUTUMLARININ BELİRLENMESİNE YÖNELİK BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: ULUSOY Hatice , TOSUN Nurperihan
Published: March 2020

Amaç: Tıbbı hatalar hasta güvenliğinin önemli bir bileşenidir. Bu çalışma hekim ve hemşirelerin tıbbı hata tutumlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte olan araştırmada veriler kişisel bilgi formu ve “Tıbbi Hatalarda Tutum Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Çalışmaya bir devlet hastanesinde çalışmakta olan 203 hekim ve hemşire katılmıştır. Veriler SPSS 21 programında tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve parametrik olmayan testler kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılanların %37,4’ü hekim, %62,6’sı hemşiredir. Katılımcıların %29,6’sı lisans mezunu, %71,4’ü kadın, %59,6’sı 31-40 yaş aralığında olup 76,8’i dahili birimlerde, %61,1’i haftada 40 saatin atında çalışmaktadır. %53,2’sinin mesleki çalışma süresi 10 yılın altındadır. Katılımcıların tıbbı hata ölçeğinden aldıkları toplam puan ortalaması 3,55±0,36 olup, tıbbı hata algısı, tıbbı hataya yaklaşım ve tıbbı hata nedenleri alt boyutlarından aldıkları puan ortalamaları sırasıyla; 3,09±0,73; 3,56±0,46; ve 3,70±0,45’dir.

Sonuç: Hekim ve hemşirelerin tıbbı hatalara yönelik farkındalık düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır.
BORSA İSTANBUL (BIST) TEKNOLOJİ ENDEKSİ VE DİĞER ANA SEKTÖR ENDEKSLERİ ARASINDAKİ VOLATİLİTE ETKİLEŞİMİ
Authors: KOCAARSLAN Barış
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı Borsa İstanbul (BIST) Teknoloji endeksi ve diğer ana sektör endeksleri (BIST Sınai, BIST Hizmetler ve BIST Mali endeksleri) arasındaki varyansta nedensellik (volatilite geçişkenliği) ilişkisini test etmektir. Bu amaçla, Hafner ve Herwartz (2006) tarafından geliştirilen varyansta nedensellik yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Volatilite modeli sonuçları, uzun vadeli volatilitenin sektör endekslerinin tamamını büyük ölçüde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Varyansta nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre, ana sektör endeksleri arasında önemli derecede volatilite yayılımları olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, BIST Teknoloji endeksinden diğer endekslere doğru oldukça güçlü tek yönlü volatilite geçişkenliğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, bulgular BIST Sınai endeksinden BIST Hizmetler ve BIST Mali endekslerine doğru volatilite yayılımının varlığını işaret etmektedir. Son olarak, BIST Hizmetler ve BIST Mali endeksleri arasında iki yönlü volatilite geçişkenliği olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Test sonuçları optimum riskten korunma ve yatırım stratejileri belirleme açısından piyasa katılımcıları için önemli bilgiler içermektedir.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISPOSITIONAL ENVY AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING
Authors: SAYĞAN YAĞIZ Fitnat Nazlı
Published: March 2020

According to the “Social Value Orientation” model, the value orientation of individuals is divided into two categories as prosocial and proself. Proselfs (individuals with proself value orientation) are reluctant to share their knowledge. Within the scope of this study, individuals with dispositional envy are described as proselfs. There are studies in the literature in which envy is considered as a feeling and associated with sharing knowledge. However, no study is found on the relationship between knowledge sharing and dispositional envy which is a personality trait. In this study, based on the “Social Value Orientation” model, the relationship between dispositional envy and knowledge sharing is investigated. Knowledge sharing is vital in the banking sector, where knowledge management technologies are used extensively. For this reason, this study was carried out on 175 bank employees in the banking sector. Quantitative research methods were used in the study. Findings show that dispositional envy is negatively related to knowledge sharing.
TÜRKİYE’DE BÖLGESEL İHRAÇ ÜRÜNLERİNDE UZMANLAŞMANIN GELİR ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: KARA Mehmet Akif
Published: March 2020

İhraç ürünlerindeki uzmanlaşma ya da çeşitliliğin gelire katkısı son zamanlarda çokça tartışılmakla birlikte bu konuda teorik ve uygulamalı çalışmalarda tam bir netlik oluşmadığı ve uzmanlaşma ya da çeşitliliğin avantajlı yönlerini ele alan değişik çalışmaların varlığı dikkati çekmektedir.

Türkiye’de Düzey-2 bölgelerinde ihraç ürünlerinde uzmanlaşma ya da çeşitliliğin kişi başına düşen gelir üzerindeki etkisinin incelendiği bu çalışmada uzmanlaşmanın kişi başına düşen gelire pozitif katkı sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bölgesel düzeyde ihraç ürünlerinde uzmanlaşma derecesinin belirlenmesinde Herfindahl indeksi kullanılmış ve genel olarak ihraç ürünlerinde uzmanlaşmanın varlığı tespit edilmiştir.
AKADEMİSYENLERİN MESLEKİ MOTİVASYON DÜZEYİNİN DEMOGRAFİK DEĞİŞKENLER BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ
Authors: BAHAR Emel , ÖZBOZKURT Onur Başar
Published: March 2020

Akademisyenlerin mesleki motivasyon düzeyi, bir binanın tamamını taşıyan sütunları kadar önemli birer kaynak olma niteliği taşımakta ve kurumlarının organizasyonel amaçlarının gerçekleştirilmesinde merkezi bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu çerçevede, bu çalışma, üniversitelerden beklenen eğitim-öğretim faaliyetlerine ek olarak, bilim üretilmesi, araştırma-geliştirme faaliyetlerinin yapılması ve topluma fayda sağlanması noktasında kilit rol üstlenen akademisyenlerin mesleki motivasyon düzeylerinin tespit edilerek hem literatüre katkı sunulması hem de fayda merkezi olması arzu edilen üniversitelerdeki uygulamalara rehberlik edilmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, akademisyenlerin mesleki motivasyon düzeyinin ölçülmesi noktasında 175 akademisyen üzerinde uygulanan anket sonucunda elde edilen veriler, “SPSS 26.0” programı vasıtasıyla analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda ise, akademisyenlerin mesleki motivasyon düzeyinin, yaş, cinsiyet, medeni durum, unvan, akademisyen olarak çalışma süresi ve çalışma alanı etmenlerine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık göstermediği; akademisyenlerin çalışmakta olduğu kurum türü, bulunduğu üniversitede çalışma süresi ve çalışma birimine göre istatistikî olarak anlamlı bir farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.
Vis a Vis: Reincidencia y sanción penal
Authors: Feoli Marco , Sáenz Jesús
Published: March 2020

This article aims to provide an approximation of the possible criminogenic effects of imprisonment. The study was conducted by means of a descriptive analysis of quantitative data, which made it possible to approach the relationship that might exist between the types of penalties and criminal recidivism in Costa Rica. Several studies have sought to identify where the difference is in the exercise of the punitive power of the State in the lives of those who served a criminal sentence. In this sense, labeling theorists consider that the prison sentence generates a stigmatization process that, besides the conditions for which the prison population is selected, can multiply the possibilities of recidivism, unlike non-custodial sentence programs. This study addresses the recidivism rates of people who served a criminal sentence between January and March 2016 in Costa Rica for a two-year follow-up period. Inferences are formulated on the possibilities of social insertion of people who have completed the execution of a criminal sanction. The discussion is based on the expression "Vis a Vis" (face to face).
Perspectiva de género y privación de libertad: algunas reflexiones sobre una (reciente y necesaria) reforma al Código Penal Costarricense
Authors: Mora Bolaños José Daniel
Published: March 2020

According to several studies, the majority of women offenders live in particular conditions of vulnerability - such as poverty, violence, or dependency - that can explain the violation of the legal system. These factors have historically been ignored by justice systems, which poses a high risk of further exclusion and marginalization. In early 2019, Costa Rica approved a legal reform to incorporate a gender perspective in the punishment of women in conflict with the criminal law. This reform will allow judges to reduce the amount of the sentence when there has been a condition of vulnerability. Through a bibliographic and legislative review, this article seeks to value the normative change and explain its scope.  It also presents an analysis of the feminine profile of criminality and poses some challenges to the penitentiary system in the care of women, especially those imprisoned.
Privados al descubierto
Authors: Marenco Rojas Helen , Gómez Navarro Juan Diego , Chavarría López Doriam
Published: March 2020

Abstract

This article corresponds to the project called "Culture of Peace and Artistic Expressions with persons deprived of liberty in the Institutional Care Center "Calle Real" of Liberia and the Semi-Institutional Care Center Nicoya, 2017-2018,” which has been developed as part of an inter-institutional articulation effort between the Center of General Studies and the Chorotega Campus, both belonging to the National University of Costa Rica. Its objective has been to contribute to the development of capacities and skills for the life of persons deprived of liberty in the Chorotega Region and, likewise, to their process of reinsertion and social readaptation. Four techniques were used: workshops, lectures, recreational pedagogy, and artistic activities. These techniques were a means for the integral approach of concepts, such as the experience of a culture of peace, peaceful coexistence and its link with art. With this, important results were obtained, such as reflection and awareness of daily situations, socialization and social constructions. Thanks to this learning experience, it has been possible to develop an emotional, motivational and cognitive dimension of the participants, through the generation of humanized spaces, created by means of recreational and artistic activities (corporal activity based on theater and dance, among others). As a result of these dynamics and expressions, a dance workshop was carried out with which, through a sequence of rehearsals and exercises based on contemporary dance, we constructed the choreography "Bodies in the open,” based on their perception of life. Sessions for reflection were also held, which became spaces for meetings and reflection on objectives and methodologies, and where we rethought the concept of persons deprived of liberty in order to contribute to the improvement of the conditions that belong to this system.
Relato de una experiencia: I Congreso Internacional “Cultura de Paz: por un diálogo entre personas privadas de libertad y el Sistema Penitenciario Costarricense”, 22 y 23 de junio del 2017
Authors: Arce Cascante Olga Patricia , Rojas Benavides Roberto
Published: March 2020

This article describes the experience of the First International Congress "Culture of Peace: for a dialogue between persons deprived of their liberty and the Costa Rican penal system," held on June 22nd and 23rd, 2017, at the Chorotega regional campus of the National University (UNA for its Spanish acronym). This paper describes the design, substantiation, execution, and results of the activity. The Center of General Studies of the National University and the Chorotega regional campus coordinated the congress. The meeting was attended by scholars and students from the National University, the Costa Rican Humanistic High School, and the University of Costa Rica. Also, officials from the Ministry of Justice and Peace and the Judiciary, persons deprived of liberty, persons who were deprived of liberty, and some relatives of the persons deprived of liberty attended the congress. The participants addressed the Costa Rican penitentiary phenomenon through a series of strategies that the National University had already developed and in accordance with the 2017 Declaratory of the National Council of Rectors (CONARE for its Spanish acronym) for the public universities of Costa Rica to reflect on and develop actions around life, dialogue, and peace. The paper details the methodological strategy of the event; the strategy encouraged dialogue, respect, and openness for the participation of all attendees. The working groups presented their conclusions, which were in relation to the proposal for a culture of peace in penal institutions, challenges of the Costa Rican penal system, social conditions of exclusion, more effective post-penitentiary processes, and public policies: all within the framework of the New Humanism.
Dietary Fats and Atherosclerosis From Childhood to Adulthood
Authors: Laitinen Tomi T. , Nuotio Joel , Rovio Suvi P. , Niinikoski Harri , Juonala Markus , Magnussen Costan G. , Jokinen Eero , Lagström Hanna , Jula Antti , Viikari Jorma S.A. , Rönnemaa Tapani , Simell Olli , Raitakari Olli T. , Pahkala Katja
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND:

The association of dietary fat distribution with markers of subclinical atherosclerosis during early life is unknown. We examined whether success in achieving the main target of an infancy-onset dietary intervention based on the distribution of dietary fat was associated with aortic and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and distensibility from childhood to young adulthood.

METHODS:

In the prospective randomized controlled Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project trial, personalized dietary counseling was given biannually to healthy children from infancy to young adulthood. The counseling was based on Nordic Nutrition Recommendations, with the main aim of improving the distribution of dietary fat in children’s diets. IMT and distensibility of the abdominal aorta and common carotid artery were measured repeatedly at ages 11 (n = 439), 13 (n = 499), 15 (n = 506), 17 (n = 477), and 19 years (n = 429). The targeted distribution of dietary fat was defined as a ratio of saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids of <1:2 and as an intake of saturated fatty acids of <10% of energy intake. Participants who met ≥1 of these 2 criteria were defined to achieve the main intervention target.

RESULTS:

Individuals who achieved the main intervention target had lower aortic IMT (age- and sex-adjusted mean difference 10.4 µm; 95% confidence interval: 0.3 to 20.5 µm) and better aortic distensibility (0.13% per 10 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval: 0.00% to 0.26% per10 mm Hg) compared with their peers who did not meet the target.

CONCLUSIONS:

Achieving the main target of an infancy-onset dietary intervention, reflecting dietary guidelines, was favorably associated with aortic IMT and distensibility during the early life course. These data support the recommendation of favoring unsaturated fat to enhance arterial health.
Thrombosis Following Endovenous Glue Ablation
Authors: Deen Raeed , Bullen Andrew
Published: March 2020

Endovenous glue ablation for lower limb varicose veins is growing in popularity due to its safety and efficacy. Of significant concern is glue-associated thrombus extension into deep veins. We present a case of thrombus extending into the common femoral vein following endovenous glue ablation for varicose veins with the VenaSealTM closure system (VCS; Medtronic). A 63-year-old man who presented with symptomatic varicose veins had incompetence of the saphenofemoral junction. He underwent endovenous glue ablation using VCS closure. At 1 month, improvement in varicosities was mirrored by duplex ultrasound confirmation of successful long saphenous vein ablation, but ultrasound indicated thrombus extending into the common femoral vein. This was managed by surveillance duplex and serial clinical observation, with spontaneous resolution at 12 months. With increasing use of VCS for varicose veins, it is likely that thrombotic complications of the deep veins will be encountered more frequently. It is time for formulation of guideline-based management of this complication.
Towards the sustainable food consumption in central Europe: Stochastic relationship between water footprint and nutrition
Authors: Tompa O. , Kiss A. , Lakner Z.
Published: March 2020

Sustainable nutrition (SN) considers the environmental impact of food production. This study aims to analyse the relationship between nutrient density and water footprint (WF) of the most consumed food items in Hungary and to create a classification of nutrients. Based on a comprehensive analysis of literature and different data sources, the authors analysed the stochastic relationship between WF and nutrient density of different food items by Spearman's rank correlation. The analysis proved significant (P<0.05) relationship between nutrient density and WF of the most relevant food items in Hungary. Based on the classification, there are nutrients that are overconsumed among the Hungarian population and positively correlate with WF (e.g., cholesterol) and there are nutrients that are under-consumed among the Hungarian population and negatively correlate with WF (e.g., dietary fibres). In general, it can be concluded that the re-structuration of food consumption patterns in Hungary is an important and urgent task, which serves both the public health and ecologic goals. These efforts should be based on a complex evaluation of the problem. This study was one initial step to analyse SN focused on Hungary and further studies are definitely needed.
Determination of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in wheat from different regions of Turkey by HPLC with fluorescence detection
Authors: Turksoy S. , Kabak B.
Published: March 2020

This study examines the occurrence of aflatoxins (AFS) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in bread and durum wheat samples. A total of 141 samples were collected from eleven different regions of Turkey. An analytical method based on liquid extraction, immunoaffinity column (IAC) clean-up followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the determination of AFs and OTA levels. As a result, AFs and OTA were detected in 2% and 9.2% of wheat samples at concentrations varying from 0.21 to 0.44 µg kg−1 and from 0.1 to 3.2 µg kg−1, respectively. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) were found positive in samples ranging between 0.21–0.35 µg kg−1 and 0.094 µg kg−1, respectively. However, none of the samples contained aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) and aflatoxin G2 (AFG2). The study also recommended that contamination levels in wheat and wheat-based products should be routinely monitored in greater sample numbers to insure food safety.
Physicochemical, pasting, and rheological properties of pearl millet starches from different cultivars and their relations
Authors: Siroha A.K. , Punía S. , Sandhu K.S. , Karwasra B.L.
Published: March 2020

Physicochemical, pasting, and rheological properties of pearl millet starches were studied and correlations among these properties were calculated. Amylose content, swelling power, and solubility of starches varied from 11.57 to 21.93%, 11.11 to 17.91 g g−1 and 12.20 to 15.20%, respectively. Volume% of starch granule size less than 10 µm varied from 36.23 to 48.34%, and 12.16 to 18.75% for above 20 µm size of granule. Peak viscosity of starches varied from 1291 to 1853 mPa·s, cv. RHB-173 had the highest value. Frequency sweep measurement of starch pastes revealed higher magnitude of G′ as compared to G″ with increase in to, indicating visco-elastic behaviour. Yield stress (σo), consistency index (K), and flow behaviour index (n) were observed as 40.73 to 115.72 Pa, 0.729 to 3.998 Pa·s, and 0.604 to 0.964, respectively. Starch pastes from cultivars studied showed shear thinning behaviour.
Wittgenstein’s Critique of the Additive Conception of Language
Authors: Conant James F.
Published: March 2020

This paper argues that Wittgenstein, both early and late, rejects the idea that the logically simpler and more fundamental case is that of "the mere sign" and that what a meaningful symbol is can be explained through the elaboration of an appropriately supplemented conception of the sign: the sign plus something (say, an interpretation or an assignment of meaning). Rather the sign, in the logically fundamental case of its mode of occurrence, is an internal aspect of the symbol. The Tractatus puts this point as follows: “The sign is that in the symbol which is perceptible by the senses.” Conversely, this means that it is essential to a symbol – to what a symbol is – that it have an essentially perceptible aspect. For Wittgenstein there is no privileged direction of explanatory priority between symbol and sign here: without signs there are no symbols (hence without language there is no thought) and without some sort of relation to symbols there are no signs (hence the philosopher’s concept of the supposedly "merely linguistic" presupposes an internal relation to symbols).
SerpinB2 Regulates Immune Response in Kidney Injury and Aging
Authors: Sen Payel , Helmke Alexandra , Liao Chieh Ming , Sörensen-Zender Inga , Rong Song , Bräsen Jan-Hinrich , Melk Anette , Haller Hermann , von Vietinghoff Sibylle , Schmitt Roland
Published: March 2020

Significance Statement

Injured tubular cells activate a kidney survival program that includes complex crosstalk between tubular cells and macrophages. The authors show that SerpinB2, known to be expressed in activated macrophages, is also upregulated in stressed tubular cells. By subjecting knockout mice lacking SerpinB2 to renal stress, they show that SerpinB2 promotes proreparative adaptation of the kidney by two cell type–specific mechanisms: it enhances expression of the chemokine CCL2 in tubular cells, which supports transient intrarenal leukocyte accumulation, and it regulates function of macrophages by activating phagocytosis and inhibiting migration. These functions are crucial for timely resolution of inflammation, successful repair, and kidney homeostasis during aging. These findings suggest that SerpinB2 merits further exploration for its role in the human kidney in acute and chronic disease.

Background

Expression of SerpinB2, a regulator of inflammatory processes, has been described in the context of macrophage activation and cellular senescence. Given that mechanisms for these processes interact and can shape kidney disease, it seems plausible that SerpinB2 might play a role in renal aging, injury, and repair.

Methods

We subjected SerpinB2 knockout mice to ischemia-reperfusion injury or unilateral ureteral obstruction. We performed phagocyte depletion to study SerpinB2’s role beyond the effects of macrophages and transplanted bone marrow from knockout mice to wild-type mice andvice versato dissect cell type–dependent effects. Primary tubular cells and macrophages from SerpinB2 knockout and wild-type mice were used for functional studies and transcriptional profiling.

Results

Cultured senescent tubular cells, kidneys of aged mice, and renal stress models exhibited upregulation of SerpinB2 expression. Functionally, lack of SerpinB2 in aged knockout mice had no effect on the magnitude of senescence markers but associated with enhanced kidney damage and fibrosis. In stress models, inflammatory cell infiltration was initially lower in knockout mice but later increased, leading to an accumulation of significantly more macrophages. SerpinB2 knockout tubular cells showed significantly reduced expression of the chemokine CCL2. Macrophages from knockout mice exhibited reduced phagocytosis and enhanced migration. Macrophage depletion and bone marrow transplantation experiments validated the functional relevance of these cell type–specific functions of SerpinB2.

Conclusions

SerpinB2 influences tubule-macrophage crosstalk by supporting tubular CCL2 expression and regulating macrophage phagocytosis and migration. In mice, SerpinB2 expression seems to be needed for coordination and timely resolution of inflammation, successful repair, and kidney homeostasis during aging. Implications of SerpinB2 in human kidney disease deserve further exploration.
A case study of government and civil societies’ collaboration and challenges in securing the rights of Congolese refugees living in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Masuku Sikanyiso , Rama Sharmla
Published: March 2020

Several South African focused studies have identified the numerous challenges faced by refugees in securing their legal rights to employment, education, health care, etc. There is a need therefore to investigate the extent to which such challenges are conterminous with bureaucratic institutions (such as government departments) limitations in fully implementing the refugee policy. In cognisance of the many shortcomings associated with state-assisted integration models, we examined how bureaucratic efficiency (in the provisioning of refugee rights) can be achieved, i.e. the feasibility of instituting dependency partnerships between the state and civil society. A case study based interpretive research design technique was adopted, drawing from one focus group discussion with Congolese refugees and face-to-face in-depth interviews with three purposively selected NGO representatives. We used two theoretical perspectives, namely the theory of monopolisation and Weber’s theory on bureaucracy, to analyse how bureaucratic arrangements can negatively impact on the implementation of the refugee policy and consequently on the refugees’ quality of life and standard of living in their host country. We identified that primary cultural factors, amongst others, unruly practices, social closure, and institutional biases widen the chasm between the formulation of a progressive refugee policy and its efficient implementation. The setting up of human rights education interventions and dependency partnerships is recommended as a means of improving bureaucratic efficiency in the transfer or implementation of refugee social protections.

Significance:

The originality of this paper emanates from its conceptualisation of the state as a bureaucratic institution whose efficiency in implementing policies can be undermined by the existence of not only structural but also primary cultural factors. Refugees’ challenges are thus conceptualised as emanating from a failure to achieve bureaucratic efficiency.

Multisectoral approaches (dependency partnerships) are suggested as an alternative to a purely vertical top-down model whereby a single bureaucratic institution (often prone to institutional biases and other challenges) is primarily responsible for implementing social protection policy.

Apart from not providing a hypothesis-based analysis of refugee deprivations, other studies on refugees in South Africa and the region do not examine such deprivations from an institutional standpoint.
Identifying Wastages of Construction Materials in Residential Building
Authors: Ali Noori , Hamadameen Bnar
Published: March 2020

Wastage of construction materials can estimated by the difference between the value of materials delivered and accepted on-site and those used adequately as identified and accurately computed in work. The elements of construction wastage are wastage due to labor, material and machine. This research was organized to determine the percentage of wastage from construction materials and the main factors which cause wastage in residential  houses in Erbil. The questionnaire form was designed and sent to foremen, masons, supervisor- engineers at construction sites as respondents who have at least ten years experience in the construction of  houses. Data analyzed by the statistical package SPSS program (version 22). The findings showed that the maximum percentage of wastage were in the sand, gypsum, wall tiles and floor tiles with relative  average percentage of  13.7 ,12.08, 12.03 and 9.10 respectively. Also the minimum percentage of construction material is false ceiling and paints with relative average percentages of  4.70 and 4.67 respectively. The most effective causes of wastages are due to cutting uneconomical shapes, ordering additional amount more than required, damages from transportation, storage, and handling.
DC Motor Identification Based on Artificial Neural Networks Implementation in a Microcontroller
Authors: Mahmood Shivan , Abdulrahman Alaa
Published: March 2020

In the last few decades neural networks have been involved in many fields of researches and their application was restricted to be embedded on a computer. This paper describes implementing of artificial neural network (ANN) based on a low cost microcontroller to identify a DC motor mode. The identifier will act as path for the output error feedback in Model Reference Adaptive Controller or to build an inverse controller. To reduce the size of the proposed system, the DC Motor is controlled conventionally using the method of Pulse Width Modulation technique on the same microcontroller. The proposed neural network is a multilayer feed-forward network which is of three layers (1-3-1) structure. The training technique used the back propagation algorithm by using C program. Identification process has been implemented successfully in the microcontroller and validated with different randomly picked data with least mean square error of 0.0007.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF REGULATING AGRICULTURAL LAND MARKET
Authors: Moldavan L.V.
Published: March 2020

Based on the analysis of land reforms that have taken place in world practice over the past century, the author proves that the market turnover of agricultural land is formed under the influence of two determined factors. On the one hand, it is the specific features of agricultural land, which is an indispensable strategic resource for food producers, is limited in space, irreproducible and cannot be a product in its classical meaning. On the other hand, land is the basis of agricultural production. However,
agriculture performs not only an economic function, but also a social (national food independence, rural employment, population of rural settlements, and arrangement of rural areas) and environmental functions (protecting soils from pollution and degradation, supporting local agrolandscapes, etc.). In this context, the need for specific approaches to the market distribution of agricultural land is justified.
Author analyzes foreign practice of the legislative regulation of agricultural land turnover with due regard to their economic and socio-ecological orientation. Also revealed are the consequences of the incompleteness of land reform in Ukraine, which are caused by the lack of definition of the requirements for land users, restrictions on land use, access to agricultural land for foreign companies, land market management and other aspects of land relations, and ways are proposed to address them.
PAZARLAMA KARMASI STRATEJİLERİ (4 P) AÇISINDAN İKİNCİ EL GİYİM ÜRÜNLERİ SATAN WEB SİTELERİNİN İÇERİK ANALİZİ YÖNTEMİYLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Kılıç Serkan
Published: March 2020

İkinci
el ürünler de tüketici istek ve ihtiyaçlarını karşıladığı ölçüde talep
görmektedir. Tüketiciler, özellikle otomobil, daire, cep telefonu, giyim
eşyası, oyuncak gibi birçok ürünün ikinci elini (kullanılmışını) çeşitli
nedenlerle tercih etmektedirler. Bu çalışmada ülkemizde ikinci el giyim
ürünleri satan on web sitesi pazarlama stratejileri açısından değerlendirilmiştir.
Elde edilen sonuçlara göre ürün resmi, fiyat bilgisi ve satıcı bilgisi
özelliklerinin incelenen tüm websitelerinde bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ürünün
mevcut durumuna ilişkin bilgi bulunmasının da tüm websitelerinde satıcıya göre
değişkenlik gösterdiği görülmüştür. Ürün iade/değişim ve garantilerine ilişkin
incelenen web sitelerinin yarısı tüketicilere website güvencesi sunmaktadır.
Ürünlere ilişkin marka bilgisinin sunulması açısından incelenen web sitelerinde
ağırlıklı olarak marka bilgilerinin ve tüketici yorumlarının olduğu,
websitelerinin yarısında ise markaların bulunabilirliğinin, ürün teslim
bilgisinin ve ödeme bilgisinin tüketicilere sunulduğu görülmüştür. Tüketici
yorumları da incelenen web sitelerinde ağırlıklı olarak bulunmaktadır.
PLANO DE PARTO COMO INSTRUMENTO DAS BOAS PRÁTICAS NO PARTO E NASCIMENTO: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: De Santana Wanessa Nathally , Azevêdo Joicy Amorim Francisco de , Holanda Viviane Rolim de , Gomes Ana Lisa do Vale , Albuquerque Geyslane Pereira Melo de
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: analisar as evidências disponíveis sobre as principais contribuições do plano de parto como instrumento das boas práticas obstétricas no processo de parto e nascimento em ambiente hospitalar. Método: revisão integrativa com 12 artigos publicados entre 2013 e 2018 nas bases de dados MEDLINE, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, LILACS, SciELO e PubMed, utilizando trabalhos originais, reflexão, atualização e relato de experiência, completos e disponíveis na íntegra. Resultados: observou-se a importância do plano de parto para estimular as boas práticas obstétricas, permitir maior autonomia e liberdade de escolha das mulheres, contribuir para um atendimento qualificado e humanizado, facilitar a confiança da mulher com a equipe, além de favorecer maior satisfação com o parto, comunicação com os profissionais envolvidos e propiciar resultados maternos/neonatais mais satisfatórios. Conclusão: comprovou-se que o plano de parto é um instrumento que propicia boas práticas obstétricas no processo de parto e nascimento em ambiente hospitalar.

Descritores: Enfermagem. Parto Humanizado. Saúde Materno-infantil.
Nasolabial folds modeling — literature review
Authors: Matthews‑Brzozowska Teresa , Swatowska Anna , Tuczyńska Magdalena
Published: March 2020

Introduction. Nasolabial folds are skin folds that run from both sides of the nose to the corners of the mouth. They are caused by the loss of fat in the dermis, followed by the loss of muscles in the middle part of the face.Aim. The aim of the work is to present contemporary knowledge of materials used for modeling nasolabial folds.Material and Methods. Medical databases PubMed, EBSCO Multiplier, were analyzed by entering the slogans: nasolabial folds, nasolabial folds, hyaluronic acid in nasolabial fold modeling, nasolabial fold correction. Analyzing the literature, data from eleven scientific articles from the last five years (2013–2018) were used.Results. In most articles for modeling nasolabial folds, crosslinked hyaluronic acid was used after prior photographic assessment of skin condition or after anamnesis examination — an interview. From the papers describing the cases, it appears that the applied materials for face aesthetic medicine treatments level the nasolabial folds.Conclusions. The obtained results are ambiguous and studies need to be continued. In the literature, the instrumental evaluation of facial skin was not used before modeling nasolabial folds.
The knowledge of skin care rules in patients with acne vulgaris
Authors: Hermańska Monika , Polańska Adriana , Szymoniak-Lipska Marta , Dańczak‑Pazdrowska Aleksandra , Adamski Zygmunt , Żaba Ryszard
Published: March 2020

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatological disease which may present with disturbed epidermal barrier function, exacerbated by drugs used to treat acne, both general and local. The instructing patients with acne in the selection of appropriate cosmetic products, significantly improves their quality of life. The aim of the study was to gain the knowledge of acne patients about the skin care principles. The study involved 80 patients suffering from acne vulgaris and showed the need to conduct education in the field of proper care of the acne skin.
Androgenetic alopecia in women. Trichoscopy as a diagnostic method to simplify the proper diagnosis — case report
Authors: Mikiel Dominik
Published: March 2020

Hair loss is a common problem seen in dermatology. Both women and men are affected. Androgenetic alopecia is one of the most frequent type of hair loss observed in women. The diagnostic process is complex and includes different noninvasive procedures, laboratory tests and sometimes requires scalp biopsy. Trichoscopy is fairly new and useful diagnostic method that enables making the right diagnosis. Treatment of hair loss is often complicated and long‑lasting but in some cases it may be helpful to follow recommendations of various scientific boards. Here, we present a case of a woman with diffuse hair loss whose trichoscopic examination allowed to diagnose androgenetic alopecia.