bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propriedades físico-mecânicas da madeira de uva-do-japão
Authors: Hillig Éverton , Digner Tiago , Dias Andrea Nogueira
Published: October 2018

Foram avaliadas as propriedades físico-mecânicas da madeira de Hovenia dulcis Thumberg, proveniente de seis árvores e retiradas de três posições no fuste. A massa específica aparente média foi de 0,64 g cm-3 e a umidade de equilíbrio, após condicionamento a 20 oC e 65% de umidade relativa do ar, foi de 15,5%. Houve diferença das propriedades físicas da madeira entre árvores e posição no fuste. Os valores médios das propriedades mecânicas indicam enquadramento na classe C20 de classificação para madeiras de dicotiledôneas da Norma NBR 7190/97, exceto para módulo de elasticidade em compressão paralela.
Calibration of a 35-GHz Airborne Cloud Radar: Lessons Learned and Intercomparisons with 94-GHz Cloud Radars
Authors: Ewald Florian , Groß Silke , Hagen Martin , Hirsch Lutz , Delanoë Julien , Bauer-Pfundstein Matthias
Published: October 2018

Abstract. In this study, we will give an overview of lessons learned during the radiometric calibration of the airborne, high-power Ka-band cloud radar on board the German research aircraft HALO. Within this context, a number of flight experiments over Europe and over the tropical and extra-tropical North-Atlantic have been conducted, where the ocean surface backscatter was used as an external reference reflector. Measurements of signal linearity and signal saturation complement this characterization. To validate the external calibration, joint flights of HALO and the French Falcon 20 aircraft, which was equipped with the RASTA cloud radar at 94 GHz and underflights of the spaceborne CloudSat at 94 GHz have been conducted. Finally, the influence of different radar wavelengths was explored with numerical studies.
First joint observations of space weather events over Mexico
Authors: De la Luz Victor , Gonzalez-Esparza J. Americo , Sergeeva Maria A. , Corona-Romero Pedro , González L Xavier , Mejia-Ambriz Julio C. , Valdés-Galicia Jose F. , Aguilar-Rodriguez Ernesto , Rodriguez-Martinez Mario , Romero-Hernandez Esmeralda , Andrade Ernesto , Villanueva Pablo , Huipe-Domratcheva Elizandro , Cifuentes Gerardo , Hernandez Esteban , Monstein Christian
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The Mexican Space Weather Service (SCiESMEX in Spanish) and National Space Weather Laboratory (LANCE in Spanish) were organized in 2014 and in 2016, respectively, to provide space weather monitoring and alerts, as well as scientific research in Mexico. In this work, we present the results of the first joint observations of two events (22 June and 29 September 2015) with our local network of instruments and their related products. This network includes the MEXART radio telescope (solar flare and radio burst), the Compact Astronomical Low-frequency, Low-cost Instrument for Spectroscopy in Transportable Observatories (CALLISTO) at the MEXART station (solar radio burst), the Mexico City Cosmic Ray Observatory (cosmic ray fluxes), GPS receiver networks (ionospheric disturbances), and the Teoloyucan Geomagnetic Observatory (geomagnetic field). The observations show that we detected significant space weather effects over the Mexican territory: geomagnetic and ionospheric disturbances (22 June 2015), variations in cosmic ray fluxes, and also radio communications' interferences (29 September 2015). The effects of these perturbations were registered, for the first time, using space weather products by SCiESMEX: total electron content (TEC) maps, regional geomagnetic index Kmex, radio spectrographs of low frequency, and cosmic ray fluxes. These results prove the importance of monitoring space weather phenomena in the region and the need to strengthening the instrumentation network. Keywords. Solar physics, astrophysics, and astronomy (instruments and techniques)
Patterns and drivers of dimethylsulfide concentration in the northeast
Subarctic Pacific across multiple spatial and temporal scales
Authors: Herr Alysia E. , Kiene Ronald P. , Dacey John W. H. , Tortell Philippe D.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The northeast subarctic Pacific (NESAP) is a globally important source of the climate-active gas dimethylsulfide (DMS), yet the processes driving DMS variability across this region are poorly understood. Here we examine the spatial distribution of DMS at various spatial scales across contrasting oceanographic regimes of the NESAP. We present a new data set of high spatial resolution DMS measurements across hydrographic frontal zones along the British Columbia continental shelf, together with key environmental variables and biological rate measurements. We combine these new data with existing observations to produce a revised summertime DMS climatology for the NESAP, yielding a broader context for our sub-mesoscale process studies. Our results demonstrate sharp DMS concentration gradients across hydrographic frontal zones, and suggest the presence of two distinct DMS cycling regimes corresponding to microphytoplankton-dominated waters along the continental shelf, and nanoplankton-dominated cross-shelf transitional waters. DMS concentrations across the continental shelf transition (range
Mediterranean Sea climatic indices: monitoring long-term variability and climate changes
Authors: Iona Athanasia , Theodorou Athanasios , Sofianos Sarantis , Watelet Sylvain , Troupin Charles , Beckers Jean-Marie
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We present a new product composed of a set of
thermohaline climatic indices from 1950 to 2015 for the Mediterranean Sea
such as decadal temperature and salinity anomalies, their mean values over
selected depths, decadal ocean heat and salt content anomalies at selected
depth layers as well as their long time series. It is produced from a new
high-resolution climatology of temperature and salinity on a 1∕8∘
regular grid based on historical high-quality in situ observations. Ocean
heat and salt content differences between 1980–2015 and 1950–1979 are
compared for evaluation of the climate shift in the Mediterranean Sea. The
two successive periods are chosen according to the standard WMO climate
normals. The spatial patterns of heat and salt content shifts demonstrate
that the climate changes differently in the several regions of the basin.
Long time series of heat and salt content for the period 1950 to 2015 are
also provided which indicate that in the Mediterranean Sea there is a net
mean volume warming and salinification since 1950 that has accelerated during
the last two decades. The time series also show that the ocean heat content
seems to fluctuate on a cycle of about 40 years and seems to follow the
Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation climate cycle, indicating that the natural
large-scale atmospheric variability could be superimposed onto the warming
trend. This product is an observation-based estimation of the Mediterranean
climatic indices. It relies solely on spatially interpolated data produced
from in situ observations averaged over decades in order to smooth the
decadal variability and reveal the long-term trends. It can provide a
valuable contribution to the modellers' community, next to the
satellite-based products, and serve as a baseline for the evaluation of
climate-change model simulations, thus contributing to a better understanding
of the complex response of the Mediterranean Sea to the ongoing global
climate change. The product is available in netCDF at the following sources:
annual and seasonal T∕S anomalies
(https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1408832), annual and seasonal T∕S
vertical averaged anomalies (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1408929),
annual and seasonal areal density of OHC/OSC anomalies
(https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1408877), annual and seasonal linear
trends of T∕S, OHC/OSC anomalies
(https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1408917), annual and seasonal time
series of T∕S, OHC/OSC anomalies
(https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1411398), and differences of two
30-year averages of annual and seasonal T∕S, OHC/OSC anomalies
(https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1408903).
Common metrics of calibration for continuous Gaussian data and
exceedance probabilities
Authors: Glowienka-Hense Rita , Hense Andreas , Spangehl Thomas , Schröder Marc
Published: October 2018

Abstract. A framework of ensemble forecast verification tools is discussed which is founded on the concept of information entropy. It can be based on a common yardstick namely that of "correlation". With these measures calibration is deduced from the balance between ensemble sharpness and resolution. With the same units these features can be put into one diagram for continuous time series from Gaussian processes and exceedance probabilities, the latter usually tested with the reliability term from the Brier score. The sharpness and resolution terms allow to use the same vocabulary of over- and underdispersion which is established for frequency histograms. The concept is based on the fact that mutual information (MI) of two Gaussian processes is directly related to Pearson's anomaly correlation. Further MI can be written as the Kullback-Leibler divergence of the conditional probability of observations given the model forecasts and the unconditioned observations. Thus the MI is a measure of resolution. The mean of the UTILITY defined by (Kleeman, 2002) is the corresponding measure of sharpness. For Gaussian processes the mean UTILITY is very close to the ratio of ensemble mean variance to mean ensemble variance (ANOVA) which is the analysis of variance factor when time is taken as treatment. The ensemble spread score (ESS) (Palmer et al., 2006) is shown to be a measure of calibration if model and observed data are scaled with their respective means and standard deviations. For exceedance probabilities the resolution term of the divergence score (Weijs et al., 2010) is already defined as a MI term and it is here complemented with a mean UTILITY formed similarly to the resolution term but with forecasts only. The entropy terms are then rescaled to the "correlation" yardstick. The concept is applied to temperature data from the German project on decadal climate prediction, Mittelfristige Klimaprognose (MiKlip). It is shown that both over – and underdispersion can be found for the 2m temperature forecasts. Increasing ensemble sharpness of surface ocean temperature with lead year in the southern ocean hints at model-data inconsistencies at some locations in the ocean. Finally empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) of northern hemisphere annual mean surface temperature for ERA-40/ERA-Interim and MiKlip retrospective hindcasts are determined. For both data sets the respective first EOF represents the low frequency temperature development. The time coefficients of the EOF are used to compare resolution and sharpness of continuous data and exceedance probabilities in one diagram.
Characterising regime behaviour in the stably stratified nocturnal boundary layer on the basis of stationary Markov chains
Authors: Abraham Carsten , Monahan Adam H.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Recent research has demonstrated that hidden Markov model (HMM) analysis is an effective tool to classify regimes of the stratified nocturnal boundary layer (SBL) at different tower sites. Here we analyse if SBL regime statistics (the occurrence of regime transitions, subsequent transitions after the first, and very persistent nights) in observations match theoretical calculations obtained from a stationary Markov chain with the goal of developing the foundations of novel Markov-chain-based boundary layer schemes which capture the effects of SBL regime dynamics. The regime statistics of a stationary Markov chain using the best estimate transition probabilities from the HMM analyses generally overestimate occurrence probabilities of regime transitions, resulting in an underestimation of persistent nights. Across the locations considered, sensitivity analyses of transition probability matrices in the HMM and the stationary Markov chain reveal that regimes are generally required to be more persistent in the stationary Markov chain in order to simulate observations accurately. A range of transition probability matrices allowing for a relatively accurate description of the occurrence of at least one transition within a night, multiple transitions, and the mean event durations is identified. The occurrence of very persistent nights (nights without regime transitions) is found to depend highly on the season. Therefore, for better representations of very persistent nights a nonstationary Markov chain linked to external drivers is likely appropriate. The observed transition probability maximum between one and two hours after a previous transition cannot be accounted for by two-state Markov processes (stationary or not). The use of these results in the development of SBL turbulence parameterisations is discussed.
Multicore structures and the splitting and merging of eddies in global oceans
from satellite altimeter data
Authors: Cui Wei , Wang Wei , Zhang Jie , Yang Jungang
Published: October 2018

Abstract. This study investigated the statistics of eddy splitting and merging in the global oceans based on 23 years’ altimetry data. Multicore structures were identified using an improved threshold-free closed-contour algorithm of sea surface height. Splitting and merging events were discerned from continuous time series maps of sea level anomalies. Multicore structures represent an intermediate stage in the process of eddy evolution, similar to the generation of multiple nuclei in a cell as a preparatory phase for cell division. Generally, splitting or merging events can change substantially (by a factor of two or more) the eddy scale, amplitude, and eddy kinetic energy. Specifically, merging (splitting) generally causes an increase (decrease) of eddy properties. Multicore eddies were found to tend to split into two eddies with different intensities. Similarly, eddy merging is not an interaction of two equal-intensity eddies, and that it tends to manifest as a strong eddy merging with a weaker one. A hybrid tracking strategy based on the eddy overlap ratio, considering both multicore and single-core eddies, was used to confirm splitting and merging events globally. The census revealed that eddy splitting and merging do not always occur most frequently in eddy-rich regions, e.g., their frequencies of occurrence in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and western boundary currents were found obviously higher than mid-latitude regions (20°–35°) north and south. Eddy splitting and merging are caused primarily by an unstable configuration of multicore structures due to obvious current– or eddy–topography interaction, strong current variation, and eddy–mean flow interaction.
Carbonaceous material export from Siberian permafrost tracked across the Arctic Shelf using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Sparkes Robert B. , Maher Melissa , Blewett Jerome , Doğrul Selver Ayça , Gustafsson Örjan , Semiletov Igor P. , van Dongen Bart E.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Warming-induced erosion of permafrost from Eastern Siberia mobilises large
amounts of organic carbon and delivers it to the East Siberian Arctic Shelf
(ESAS). In this study Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material (CM) was used
to characterise, identify and track the most recalcitrant fraction of the
organic load: 1463 spectra were obtained from surface sediments collected across
the ESAS and automatically analysed for their Raman peaks. Spectra were
classified by their peak areas and widths into disordered, intermediate, mildly graphitised and highly graphitised groups and the distribution of these classes
was investigated across the shelf. Disordered CM was most prevalent in a
permafrost core from Kurungnakh Island and from areas known to have high rates
of coastal erosion. Sediments from outflows of the Indigirka and Kolyma rivers
were generally enriched in intermediate CM. These
different sediment sources were identified and distinguished along an E–W transect using their Raman
spectra, showing that sediment is not homogenised on the ESAS. Distal samples,
from the ESAS slope, contained greater amounts of highly graphitised CM compared
to the rest of the shelf, attributable to degradation or, more likely, winnowing
processes offshore. The presence of all four spectral classes in distal
sediments demonstrates that CM degrades much more slowly than lipid biomarkers and
other traditional tracers of terrestrial organic matter and shows that
alongside degradation of the more labile organic matter component there is also
conservative transport of carbon across the shelf toward the deep ocean. Thus,
carbon cycle calculations must consider the nature as well as the amount of
carbon liberated from thawing permafrost and other erosional settings.
Aproximación al perfil y calidad del empleo generado por las sociedades cooperativas andaluzas
Authors: Pérez González María del Carmen , Valiente Palma Lidia
Published: October 2018

El objetivo del presente trabajo ha consistido en identificar y caracterizar el perfil y la calidad del empleo en las cooperativas en Andalucía en comparación con el resto del tejido empresarial, con el fin de determinar si verdaderamente presentan una mayor calidad frente al resto de empresas. Las cooperativas, organizaciones de Economía Social que destacan en la región andaluza en términos cuantitativos, se caracterizan por ser empresas que actúan bajo principios y valores sociales, por lo que identificar qué tipo de empleo existe en estas organizaciones es de especial interés en cuanto al establecimiento de políticas específicas territoriales. Para alcanzar el objetivo planteado, se han realizado análisis descriptivos y pruebas no paramétricas utilizando la Muestra Continua de Vidas Labores (MCVL) del Ministerio de Empleo y Seguridad Social español. Entre los resultados obtenidos destaca que estas organizaciones pueden presentarse como oportunidad de empleo, en mayor grado que el resto de empresas mercantiles o convencionales, para colectivos sociales con dificultades de acceso al mercado laboral, como son los jóvenes y los mayores de 45 años de edad. Esto podría justificar el hecho de conceder a las cooperativas un papel significativo en las estrategias y políticas públicas que fomenten el empleo en Andalucía.
The Role of Green Recruitment and Selection on Performance of Processing Industries in Tanzania: A Case of Tanzania Tobacco Processors Limited (TTPL)
Authors: Mwita Kelvin M , Kinemo Stella Malangalila
Published: October 2018

Environmental conservation has been a concern to many international, local organizations and individuals for Centuries. Green management initiatives become an important factor in forward-thinking business around the world as a means of combating environmental degradation caused by organizations. Industrialization has contributed to the global environmental problems we are witnessing today and Tanzania industrialization drive cannot ignore this fact. Research is one of best ways for investigating, understanding and solving problems.  Although number of researches has been done on Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM), still there is no sufficient literature on the subject. To bridge this gap this study investigated the role of green recruitment and selection on performance of Processing Industries in Tanzania by using Tanzania Tobacco Processors Limited (TTPL) as a case study. The study sough to specifically assess the application of green recruitment and selection at TTPL, determining whether green recruitment and selection attract more and better job candidates, and establishing the relationship between green recruitment and selection and organizational performance. It was found that green recruitment and selection practices are in place and they contribute in attracting more qualified job candidates. The study also found a linear relationship between green recruitment and selection and performance. Further, the study recommends institutionalization of green recruitment and selection and other green HRM practices in order improve organizational performance. Regulatory and statutory bodies are recommended to ensure that green practices are put in place by organizations for organizational and environmental sustainability.
Employees’ Job Characteristics and Job Crafting Behavior: The Mediating Role of Perceived Opportunities to Craft
Authors: Wingerden Jessica Van , Poell Rob
Published: October 2018

The present study was designed to gain knowledge about the relationship between job characteristics in the workplace (job demands and job resources), employees’ perceived opportunities to craft, and subsequently their actual job crafting behavior. Specifically, the potential mediating role of perceived opportunities to craft could shed better light on the mechanisms that lead employees to job craft in the context of particular work characteristics. We collected data among a group of Dutch health care professionals working in an organization that offers care for patient with mental disabilities (N=522). Participants of the study reported their job demands; workload, emotional demands and work-home interference, their job resources; role clarity, communication and team cohesion, their perceived opportunities to craft, and their job crafting behavior. We tested the hypothesized antecedents of job crafting perceptions and behavior model with structural equation modelling (SEM) analyses. Results indicated that perceived opportunities to craft mediates the relationship between job resources and employees actual job crafting behavior. The insights provided in this study do not only build on job crafting literature but are also helpful to understand which aspects of the workplace influence employees’ job crafting behavior. Therefore, these insights may be useful for the deliberate cultivation of job crafting behavior within organizations.
Sideline Management of Nonmusculoskeletal Injuries by the Orthopaedic Team Physician
Authors: Chen Austin W. , Archbold Cortney S. , Hutchinson Mark , Domb Benjamin G.
Published: October 2018

Although recognized as the most well-trained providers to address musculoskeletal injuries, many orthopaedic surgeons do not routinely treat patients with nonmusculoskeletal issues in their clinical practice. Nonetheless, when serving as a team physician, an orthopaedic surgeon may need to initiate management of or manage many nonmusculoskeletal issues. Knowing how to accurately diagnose and initiate management of sports-related medical and surgical conditions is an important facet of being an orthopaedic team physician. Common systems that may be involved include the cerebral/neurologic, ocular, dental, respiratory/pulmonary, cardiac, abdominal, and genitourinary systems. Each of these systems has specific pathologic processes and risks related to athletic or sporting participation. Orthopaedic team physicians must have a baseline familiarity with the most common nonmusculoskeletal issues to provide comprehensive quality care to athletes and patients.
Fostering Collaborations: A Knowledge-Acquisition Strategy for Contract Manufacturers in OEM Relationships
Authors: Wang Hui-Mei
Published: October 2018

Acquiring knowledge through collaborations with OEM buyers is critical for offshore contract manufacturers given its relative resource-deficiency. However, existing research on knowledge transfer within OEM alliances mainly addresses knowledge abuse hazards from the buyers’ stance. We have limited understanding about how the contract manufacturers could alleviate the buyers’ concerns so as to foster a wide array of joint projects. Adopting lenses of transaction cost economics and relational view, this study hypothesizes that buyer-specific tangible/ intangible/ site assets and relational capital will contribute to collaborations in international OEM relationships. The arguments by and large find empirical support in data collected from 110 dyadic relationships between OEM buyers and Taiwan contract manufacturers in information industries. Overall, this study sheds light on the mechanisms to enhance collaborations and entails a knowledge acquisition strategy for resource-poor contract manufacturers mostly from emerging markets.  
Effects of Materiality Assessment on Internal Controls over Financial Reporting Maturity
Authors: Azzali Stefano , Mazza Tatiana , Fornaciari Luca , Trinchera Laura
Published: October 2018

The paper investigates the effects of materiality assessment on Internal Controls over Financial Reporting (ICFR) Maturity. Based on private data collected from Italian listed companies, the paper aims to provide a unique score for assessing ICFR Maturity of a company and to assess the effect of quantitative and qualitative factors used to evaluate materiality. Specifically, it examines the processes used to identify significant entities, significant accounts and associating accounts with process. A Partial Least Squares (PLS) Path Modeling approach is used. Among quantitative factors, total assets, sales and earnings before taxation are the best accounting measures used by companies to select entities, while income statement value is more useful than the balance sheet in selecting significant accounts. This last activity is relatively more relevant that the others. Scoping results show: 1) the importance of identification of entities at group level; 2) multiple association accounts – processes is better than single association. Finally results show different effects on ICFR Maturity for the manufacturing and services industry and for the financial industry.
Geodata sources and geoinformation systems in hydrometeorological security
Authors: Drzewiecki Dariusz
Published: October 2018

A definition of the concept of information was placed in the publication of spatial ata with reference to the hydrometeorological systems covering the country. The next keys to the encryption and transmitting of hydrometeorological measurement were specified in the international system for warning against the dangerous phenomena of the weather. The characteristics of meteorological data they presented were based on the system of weather satellites (circumpolar and geostationary) and of the POLRAD radar system, included in the radar security system of European space. At the end, a few examples were given of geoportals monitoring the state of the natural environment and elements of the ISOK security system, the SMOK system and SSH military system of the Republic of Poland.
NATO’s defence policy dilemma in the Baltic States
Authors: Milevski Lukas
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the dilemma NATO has faced since February 2014 in its defence policy regarding the Baltic States. If NATO pursues a policy of deterrence, it might trigger war because Russia, the would-be deteree, may perceive actions taken by NATO as not intended to strengthen deterrence but rather to intimidate or coerce it. If it pursues an alternate policy of leaving the Baltic States visibly undefended, it might trigger war because Russia may see this as a sign of weakness and a gap to be exploited. This article investigates the logic of the dilemma, before considering whether NATO’s choice, made at the Warsaw Summit of July 2016, is working as intended. Ultimately, we cannot predict the answer and, therefore, we should consider all possible outcomes, including those which lead to a defensive war in the Baltic States.
Role of viral infections in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ochnik Michał , Sochocka Marta
Published: October 2018

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia around the world. It primarily affects the elderly, but unfortunately neurodegenerative changes can commence at any age. Despite of the next decade of research regarding the pathogenesis of AD, its underlying causes remain unclear. Amyloid cascade theory was until recently an accepted explanation of the mechanism of AD development, according to which the Aβ42 peptide is responsible for the induction of neurodegenerative changes and inflammatory burden in the brain. As a result of recent scientific data, the amyloid cascade hypothesis became controversial. Currently, more attention is focused on the role of infectious agents and an impaired immune response during aging, that lead to the development of chronic infections and reactivation of viral
latent infections. This review concerns on the recent data about the role of viruses in AD
neuropathology. Numerous studies confirm an association between neurotropic viruses from
the Herpesviridae family, especially human herpesvirus 1 (HHV-1), cytomegalovirus (CMV)
and human herpesvirus 2 (HHV-2), and AD. The relationship between hepatitis C virus (HCV)
infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and dementia is also mentioned. Viruses
that enter into the brain successfully multiply in nerve cells, disturbing cellular homeostasis.
Next, they activate the inflammatory response and affect the expression of numerous genes
and proteins metabolism, which in turn leads to the atrophy of characteristic areas of the brain
and the development of AD. Searching for the new early markers of the disease, associated
with infections and impaired immune response, is a priority in developing therapies that can
be implemented many years before the clinical manifestation of the disease.
Difficulties in Treating Complex Knee Injuries with Fracture of Posterior Tibial Plateau
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Kamil , Kuliński Krzysztof , Fedorowicz Krzysztof , Langner Maciej , Czubak Jarosław , Pomianowski Stanisław
Published: October 2018

Background. The aim of the study was to assess the outcomes of surgical treatment of complex knee injuries with a posterior inverted-L approach to the knee joint.
Material and methods. The study retrospectively enrolled 13 patients who underwent surgical treatment due to knee injuries with posterior tibial plateau fractures in 2015-2017. Pre-operative planning was based on antero­po­sterior and lateral X-rays and CT images. The fracture was assessed according to Luo’s three-column classification. Radiographic postoperative assessment was based on lower limb (standing) X-rays and measurements of the MPTA, aPPTA, JLCA, and aFaT angles in the operated and healthy limbs. Clinical assessment was based on the IKDC, KOOS, and Tegner-Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale.
Results. Mean follow-up duration was 11.5 months (4-25 months). Anatomical joint surface reduction was achiev­ed in 12 patients and bone union was present in all patients. A posterior inverted-L approach was used in 9 pa­tients and combined approaches in 8 patients. According to the three-column classification, single-column fractures were found in 3 patients, two-column fractures in 4, and three-column fractures in 6 patients. The KOOS was 82%, the IKDC score was 80%, and the Tegner-Lysholm score was 82 points. Radiographic assessments of the operated knee joints showed an MPTA of 88.64 degrees, aPPTA of 79.78 degrees, JLCA of 0.8 degrees, and aFaT of 7.9 degrees.
Conclusions. 1. Anatomical reduction and stable fixation of posterior plateau fractures of the proximal tibia are crucial in fracture management. 2. A posterior inverted-L approach is very useful when treating posterior tibial plateau fractures.
Determination of Unsulfonated Aromatic Amines in FD&C Yellow No. 5 and FD&C Yellow No. 6 by Liquid Chromatography–Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Belai Nebebech , White Samuel R
Published: October 2018

Background: This paper describes a simple and sensitive ultra-HPLC–triple quadrupole MS (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of six unsulfonated aromatic amines in the color additives FD&C Yellow No. 5 (Y5) and FD&C Yellow No. 6 (Y6). The six amines determined by thismethod are aniline (ANL), benzidine (BNZ), 4-aminobiphenyl (4ABP), 4-aminoazobenzene (4AAB), 2-aminobiphenyl (2ABP), and 4-aminobenzonitrile (4ABN). Objective: This method is intended foruse in batch certification of the color additives by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to ensure that each lot meets published specifications for coloring foods, drugs, and cosmetics. Methods: A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) procedure is used for extraction of the amines. Quantitative determination was performed in electrospray positive ionization and multiple-reaction monitoring modes. Results: Validation of the method demonstrated overall recovery of 101–115% and precision of 1.74–9.78% for all analytes. Excellent regression coefficients were obtained, with values >0.999. Conclusions: The validated method was successfully used for the analyses of 30 Y5 and Y6 samples and provided results that are consistent with results from the current method used by FDA, with greater sensitivity and low matrix effects. Highlights: The validation results demonstrate that the new LC-MS/MS method is applicable for use in routine batch certification.
Application of Stable Isotope Dilution and Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Multi-Mycotoxin Analysis in Edible Oils
Authors: Zhang Kai , Xu David
Published: October 2018

Background: Mycotoxin contamination in oils remains an important food safety issue. To monitor the occurrence of mycotoxins in edible oils, it is important to develop analytical methods that can determine multiple mycotoxins in oil products. A stable isotope dilution LC-tandem
MS (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of 12 mycotoxins in five edible oil matrixes (canola, corn, olive, peanut, and soybean oil) was developed and validated. Methods: Prior to extraction, the oil samples were fortified with ¹³C uniformly labeled internal
standards (¹³C-IS) for 12 target mycotoxins, followed by extraction and LC-MS/MS analysis. Quantitation was achieved using solvent-only calibration standards, relative response factors of ¹³C-IS, and target mycotoxins. Results: The majority of recoveries in oil for
ochratoxin A and aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 fortified at 1, 10, and 100 ng/g as well as deoxynivalenol; fumonisins B1, B2, and B3; T-2 toxin; HT-2 toxin; and zearalenone fortified at 10, 100, and 1000 ng/g ranged from 80 to 120% with RSDs of <20%. The method LOQs ranged from 0.1 ng/g
(aflatoxin B1) to 6.4 ng/g (zearalenone). Among 16 U.S. market samples, zearalenone was detected in three corn oil samples at 37, 185, and 317 ng/g, respectively. T-2 toxin was found in two corn oil samples at 7 and 10 ng/g, respectively. Conclusions: The method provides sufficient
selectivity, sensitivity, accuracy, and repeatability to screen edible oils for regulated mycotoxins such as aflatoxins at low nanogram per gram concentrations without using conventional standard addition or matrix-matched calibration standards to correct for matrix effects.
Validation of the Listeria Right NowTM Test for Detection of Listeria spp. from Selected Environmental Surfaces Without Enrichment
Authors: Le Quynh-Nhi , Alles Susan , Roman Brooke , Tovar Eric , Hosking Edan , Zhang Lei , Biswas Preetha , Bastin Benjamin , Bird Patrick M , Mozola Mark , Donofrio Robert , Chen Yi , Brodsky Michael , Ziemer Wayne
Published: October 2018

Background: Listeria Right NowTM is a novel, enrichment-free molecular method for detection of Listeria spp. in swab samples from environmental surfaces. The test provides results in real time, indicating the current or recent presence of Listeria spp. in the environment. After sampling, the entire contents of the swab are subject to sample processing, releasing large quantities of target ribosomal RNA molecules into the lysate. A portion of the lysate is then tested using the ANSR® for Listeria isothermal nucleic acid amplification assay. Objective: A Performance Tested MethodSM study was conducted to validate the method for detection of Listeria spp. in swab samples from stainless steel and sealed concrete surfaces. Methods and Results: In inclusivity testing, 60 of 60 Listeria spp. strains tested positive. In exclusivity testing, 31 of 31 nontarget bacterial strains tested negative. In LOD testing, the test was able to detect as few as 2 CFU of L. monocytogenes applied to a stainless steel surface. In matrix testing of inoculated stainless steel and sealed concrete surfaces, there were no statistically significant differences in method performance comparing the Listeria Right Now and U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual reference culture procedures as determined by probability of detection analysis. In robustness testing, modest changes to three assay operating parameters simultaneously did not significantly affect performance of the test. Conclusions and Highlights: Results can be obtained in less than 1 h using the Listeria Right Now test, allowing food industry personnel to take immediate corrective action in the case of Listeria contamination incidents.
INVOLUÇÃO UTERINA PÓS-PARTO EM BOVINOS
Authors: Sousa Camargos Aline , Oba Eunice
Published: October 2018

The uterine involution is the main physiological process during the puerperal period. This process
is marked by changes that occur in the female's uterus after parturition, leading the uterus to
recover the changes that occurred during the period of pregnancy, to finally achieve volume, size,
position and recovery of the reproductive capacity for a future pregnancy. The uterine involution
includes a complex series of events that include myometrial contractions, endometrial repair and
reduced blood flow. Factors such as dystocia, retained placenta and number of deliveries can
influence the duration of the involution process.
MANEJO E ADAPTAÇÃO DE PASTAGENS DO GÊNERO UROCHLOA EM SOLOS DO
CERRADO
Authors: Cristhyna de Paula Larissa , Santos Cezário Andréia , Coelho de Oliveira Nariane , de Lima Vieira Milena , Paulo Barros João , Gonçalves Damascena Eduarda , Paula Balduíno Rabelo Ana , Barbacena Rosa dos Santo Wallacy
Published: October 2018

Currently, several species of the genus Urochloa have been outstanding, not only in Brazil, but also
in other countries. This is due to their characteristics of good performance and adaptation,
consequently, reaching production records and promoting gains for the producer. The genus
Urochloa has been highlighted as an alternative of inclusion in the Cerrado biome, especially with
Brazilian livestock, because its inclusion in this biome had as its main characteristic, its positive
performance in soils with low fertility, which for other Cultures, because of their acidity, they
present some nutritional restrictions. The genus Urochloa stands out when it comes to good
performance in the production of meat and milk, because it's a grass that adapts very well to the
different climates of the country and it has great values of mass production. In this way, many
producers search for species of this genus, because they are plants with a high dry matter
production, low disease rates and it presents effective growth during most of the year, including
the period of drought, and also some species show good resistance to cigarrinha das pastagens.
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Taking into account the economic importance and the versatility, among the species of this genus
stand out U. brizantha, U. decumbens, U. ruziziensis and U. humidicola. The objective of this
review was to present a study about the management and adaptation of pastures of the genus
Urochloa in soils of Cerrado biome.
MANEJO E ADAPTAÇÃO DO GIRASSOL EM SOLOS DO CERRADO
Authors: de Lima Vieira Milena , Santos Cezário Andréia , Coelho de Oliveira Nariane , Cristhyna de Paula Larissa , Neves Pereira Valente Tiago , Barbacena Rosa dos Santos Wallacy , Correa Ribeiro Jeferson , Maria Bianchini Eliandra
Published: October 2018

The sunflower (Heliantus anuus L.) belongs to the family Asteraceae, being part of a genus with
approximately 49 cataloged species, where 12 are annual species and 37 are perennial species
(UNGARO, 1990). Among the species, Heliantus anuus L. stands out for being a cultivar that has as
advantageous characteristic, its great capacity of adaptation, consequently a greater resistance to
drought, to high temperatures and low temperatures, when compared to other species cultivated
in Brazil. Therewith, the sunflower is characterized as an oleaginous of great agronomic
importance. Sunflower is widely used for seeds and oil production and, some researchers also
describe this cultivar as a plant for ornamental use. It is a plant with quality, with short cycles,
good productivity and with has high oil yield indexes. The sunflower is a good cultivation
alternative for the Brazilian Cerrado, since its characteristics of adaptation and good production,
make possible its cultivation in grain producing regions. In this way, the objective of this work is to
present a review of studies and researches that can provide information on the performance of
the sunflower in cultivation in the cerrado, and to enable its success in the production of the
same,approaching the cultural management, disease control, soil preparation and other factors
that influence the production.
MASTITE
Authors: Monteiro Dutra Mateus , Henrique Marques Araújo Gustavo , Reis Silva Roberta , Sousa Camargos Aline
Published: October 2018

Mastitis is an inflammatory reaction of the mammary gland to some microorganism, chemical
substance, thermal variations and / or lesion of the mammary gland. This inflammatory process
can cause several disorders in the mammary gland, with different forms of presentation and
degrees of severity, where the main symptoms are the decrease in milk production and changes in
chemical and sensorial composition. This work aims to review what is mastitis and all factors
associated with this disease of great importance for dairy cattle.
MODELOS DE REGRESSÃO ALEATÓRIA ATRAVÉS DO PESO CORPORAL EM CURVAS
DE CRESCIMENTO DE AVES
Authors: Vieira Lima Milena , Corrêa Ribeiro jeferson , Gomes Lorrayne , Santos Cezário Andreia , Maria Bianchini Oliveira Eliandra , Barbacena Rosa dos Santos Wallacy , Neves Pereira Valente Tiago , Sousa Camargos Aline
Published: October 2018

In modern genetic evaluations, random regression models have been used as a custom tool in
order to analyze longitudinal traits such as the ones involved in animal growth. Such traits as body
weight have an easy mensuration and an excellent response to selection, which is a suitable and
important feature for animal breeding programs. The purpose of this review is to discuss about
different random regression models that are involved in farm bird growth. The random regression
models are recommended as an alternative to genetic evaluation of traits that are regularly
measured during the animal life. These models allow the prediction of regression coefficients that
represent the behavior of the additive genetic value for each animal in the specific evaluated trait
in relation to time (age). Thus, interminable values for the independent variable are considered
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within a defined interval, through deviations of each animal in relation to an estimated and fixed
curve. The covariance component estimates assigned to random regression coefficients allow the
covariance estimation between any values of the independent variable for a modeled random
effect, which is accomplished by the covariance function. Therefore, random regression models
improve the use of the weight information, when covariance structures between the studied ages
are taken into account during the evaluation. They also allow the description of the estimated
variance components that are involved in growth, besides granting presumptions for others in the
curve inside the interval estimation.
O USO DE SISTEMAS EMBARCADOS PARA IDENTIFICAR O ESTRESSE AO CALOR EM
VACAS LEITEIRAS
Authors: Christyna de Paula Larissa , Paulo Barros João , Victor Firmino Garcia João , Sousa Camargos Aline , Eduardo Nogueira Paulo , Maria Bianchini Oliveira Eliandra , Barbacena Rosa dos Santos Wallacy , Matos Fernando
Published: October 2018

The embedded systems are present in the daily life of humans, from a simple microwave to a car
of the years 2000. In recent years these systems have spread in Brazilian agriculture, such as
irrigation control and animal feed control. Heat tolerance and adaptability to tropical
environments are important factors to be considered in dairy cattle. The increase in the ambient
temperature and, consequently, the heat stress causes a series of effects on the animal's
metabolism that alter its behavior and well-being, directly affecting milk production. Surface
temperature and respiratory rate are variables that can be used to identify heat stress by animals.
Thus, a device, using the Arduino platform, it will be developed to measure the surface
temperature and the respiratory rate of the animal, allowing a greater reliability in the information
generated.
PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL E OS IMPACTOS AO MEIO AMBIENTE
Authors: Paulo Barros João , Christyna de Paula Larissa , Coelho Oliveira Nariane , Maria Bianchini Oliveira Eliandra , Corrêa Ribeiro Jeferson , Santos Cezario Andreia , Messias de Souza Crislaine , Batista Pedroso Leonardo
Published: October 2018

When talking about animal production, there are many problems caused by the agricultural sector to the
environment, which were somewhat ignored until a certain time ago, but nowadays they are part of the
main issues related to the production of food animal origin. The productive chain requires that there be
adequate management in each of its stages, because any negligence in any of these stages can result in
health and / or environmental problems. Therefore, in assessing this context, there is a need for adequate
and productive systems that fit the ecologically correct animal production issue, introducing concepts of
sustainability in farms, farms, among others. The present work, through an objective review, aims to alert
and signal the environmental impacts of animal production, especially to those directly or indirectly
related to climate change, and, in addition, believing that the future of the Planet depends on the
adoption of sustainable alternatives. Feasible solutions to reverse countless situations that have an impact
on the environment
CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR: BIOESTIMULANTES E ORGANOMINERAIS DE LODO DE ESGOTO
Authors: Rodrigues de Moraes Emmerson , Vieira da Silva Rodrigo , Ventura de Lima Brenda , Garcia de Menezes Felipe , Ferreira Mateus , Cristinne dos Reis Aysha , Vitória Miranda Peixoto Joicy , Maria Quintão Lana Regina
Published: October 2018

Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugarcane, the main raw material used for the production
of alcohol and sugar. The crop to achieve good levels of productivity demands high amounts of
nutrients, which are usually supplied by the use of mineral fertilizers. An alternative for efficient
fertilization is through the use of organomineral fertilizers. Such fertilizers consist of the mixture of
organic fertilizers of animal or vegetable origin, and mineral fertilizers that undergo industrial
processing. The industrial advance associated with the population increase has generated a large
amount of solid waste and wastewater. One way to reduce the effects of environmental pollution
from the presence of these solid wastes is through their treatment, giving rise to a pasty material,
known as sewage sludge. Sewage sludge presents the potential to be used in the mineral nutrition
of plants, both as fertilizer and as a soil conditioner. Biostimulants are natural or synthetic
substances that can be applied directly to plants to increase yield and quality of crops of economic
interest. Thus, the present review aims to report the study on the use of organomineral fertilizers
from sewage sludge and biostimulant in sugarcane cultivation.
COMPARAÇÃO DA COMPOSIÇÃO GENÉTICA GIROLANDO NA PRODUÇÃO DE LEITE
A PASTO
Authors: Henrique Silva Lobo Mateus , Alain Collao Saenz Edgar , Reis Silva Roberta , Sousa Camargos Aline
Published: October 2018

The objective of the present study was to compare the accumulated milk production up to 305
days (P305), mean fat content (TGM) and mean protein (TPM) of crossbred females of the genetic
compositions (CG) 1/2 HOL, 3/4 HOL and 5/8 HOL in a grass-fed milk production system. Data were
collected from first and second lactation animals at Fazenda São Caetano. The bi-crossbred
animals 5/8 HOL performed better than 3/4 HOL and F1. The 3/4 were higher than 1/2 HOL for
P305. The production of solids had no influence on GC.