bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emotional Intelligence Moderates Anhedonia and Suicidal Ideation in Depressed Patients
Authors: Abdollahi Abbas , Hosseinian Simin , Rasuli Roya
Published: February 2019

The rising rate of suicidal ideation in adults is a growing concern in the world. In an effort to understand the prevalence of suicidal ideation, and what can be done to prevent it, this study was designed to examine the associations among anhedonia, emotional intelligence, and suicidal ideation. Emotional intelligence was evaluated as a moderator in the relationship between anhedonia and suicidal ideation among Iranian depressed adults. The participants were 217 depressed inpatients at five hospitals in Tehran, Iran, ranging age from 45 to 79 years. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that adult patients suffering from depression that exhibited higher levels of anhedonia and lower levels of emotional intelligence were predisposed to suicidal ideation. Multigroup analysis indicated emotional intelligence as a moderator in the relationship between anhedonia and suicidal ideation. The results emphasize the role of emotional intelligence in mitigating the devastating effects of anhedonia on suicidal ideation.
The atmosphere of the ward: Attunements and attachments of everyday life for patients on a medium-secure forensic psychiatric unit
Authors: Kanyeredzi Ava , Brown Steven D. , McGrath Laura , Reavey Paula , Tucker Ian
Published: February 2019

The climate or atmosphere of a ward in secure psychiatric care is typically studied by examining the relationship between social and environmental factors. However the experiences of patients are irreducible to a set of discrete dimensions or factors. Drawing on recent work in affect theory and architectural studies, we argue for an approach to atmosphere that places it ‘in-between’ persons and space, as a ‘spatially extended quality of feeling’ of which patients are intimately aware. The article discusses empirical material drawn from a broader study of inpatient medium-secure forensic care in a large hospital in the South of England. We show how the process of becoming attuned to the fluctuations and shifts in the atmosphere of the ward is a critical aspect of everyday life for patients. Attunement cuts across existing notions of power and resistance in these settings. We also demonstrate how attachments to a range of objects, some created by patients, can either expand or punctualize attunement, enabling change in the overall atmosphere. We conclude by speculating on how we might rethink spaces of recovery on an ethospheric basis.
Science under siege? Being alongside the life sciences, giving science life
Authors: Latimer Joanna
Published: February 2019

The aim in this article is to explore conditions of possibility for giving life to science in the context of science being under siege from the twin agendas of industrialization and managerialization. The focus of this exploration is my experiencing a shift from being brought in as an ally in the strategic conduct of others to then becoming engaged in the life sciences of ageing. In nuancing these different ways of ‘being alongside’, I show how social and life scientists’ attachment and detachment to things can bring them into intimate entanglement with each other’s world-making. Keeping in view possibilities for breaching the dividing practices by which each of us are emplaced, I focus on gatherings that give science life and so get beyond things as ‘ as others want them’.
Dog words – or, How to think without language
Authors: Motamedi Fraser Mariam
Published: February 2019

This article is situated in the context of debates about animals and language, and animal–human relations. It is informed by the argument that words are neither the exclusive property of language, nor the exclusive property of humans. The article illustrates this point by exploring how some companion dogs make ‘dog words’ with their bodies and, further, how they are able/can be enabled to transform the meanings of these words by inventing and/or participating in word encounters. In the spirit of Lev Vygotsky, the article argues that such encounters are a way of thinking with words in ‘complexes’. Through a series of concrete examples, it shows how intimacy is integral to such thinking, in its every aspect. The ethically optimistic dimension of this analysis, however, simultaneously draws attention to how fragile are the relations between dogs, humans and words, and how proximate intimacy is to ‘other kinds of relations’. With this in mind, the article addresses three ‘other kinds of relations’ that potentially limit animal–human ‘talking’ and thinking: scientific behaviourism, speciesism and ‘languagism’.
‘Don’t touch/push me!’ From disruption to intimacy in relations with one’s wheelchair: An analysis of relational modalities between persons and objects
Authors: Winance Myriam
Published: February 2019

In this article, I re-examine the question of the relationships between humans and non-humans, between subjects and objects. I analyse how relationships shape and define these – both themselves and their assemblage. While I concur with work in STS that has shown the ongoing process through which the embodied self is performed, I shift my attention to the nature of the entities resulting from this process: from adjustment to entanglements, and to analysing the different ways of ‘being entangled’. Some of these produce intimacy, others do not. This analysis is based on ethnographic fieldwork on the use of wheelchairs. I identify five relational modalities between the person and their wheelchair: intrusional, instrumental, functional, internalised and bound. Each defines the particular status of both the wheelchair and the person, and the way they live together. The analysis allows me to discuss the way different relationships lead to different descriptions and perceptions of the wheelchair and of the person, and has implications for both the analysis of ‘prosthesis’ and of ‘disability’.
Methodological intimacies and the figure of the twins
Authors: Chiew Florence , Barnwell Ashley
Published: February 2019

In mythology twins represent both dualism and entanglement. Saturated with archetypal meaning, the figure of the twins unsettles divisions between nature and culture and – in its various incarnations as the double, doppelganger, shadow, or fetch – it troubles the notion of a unique, bounded self. This article draws on the indivisible intimacy of twins to examine the anxieties of influence and competition that disrupt claims within the ontological turn about theoretical and methodological innovation. The curious phenomenon of ‘twinning’, we argue, captures a sense of the dangerous intimacy that is operative not only at the level of empirical research on twins but also at the level of intellectual work itself where novelty is often cast in terms of breaking away from imitation to forge an identity that is original and singular. To unpack the burden of competition and originality that underpins concerns about methodological intimacy, we trace a path from ancient mythologies to foundational research in twinship. In exploring the tension between hardwired dis/similarity and entanglement through the potent figure of the twins, this article considers how we might address methodological questions about self-identity and intimacy within the ontological turn.
Networked but Commodified: The (Dis)Embeddedness of Digital Labour in the Gig Economy
Authors: Wood Alex J , Graham Mark , Lehdonvirta Vili , Hjorth Isis
Published: February 2019

This article investigates the (dis)embeddedness of digital labour within the remote gig economy. We use interview and survey data to highlight how platform workers in Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa are normatively disembedded from social protections through a process of commodification. Normative disembeddedness leaves workers exposed to the vagaries of the external labour market due to an absence of labour regulations and rights. It also endangers social reproduction by limiting access to healthcare and requiring workers to engage in significant unpaid ‘work-for-labour’. However, we show that these workers are also simultaneously embedded within interpersonal networks of trust, which enable the work to be completed despite the low-trust nature of the gig economy. In bringing together the concepts of normative and network embeddedness, we reconnect the two sides of Polanyi’s thinking and demonstrate the value of an integrated understanding of Polanyi’s approach to embeddedness for understanding contemporary economic transformations.
Urban and school segregation in Paris: The complexity of contextual effects on school achievement: The case of middle schools in the Paris metropolitan area
Authors: Oberti Marco , Savina Yannick
Published: February 2019

In French cities, because of a rigid school catchment area policy based on students’ place of residence, there is a strong correlation between socio-residential segregation and school segregation. But the latter is not merely a simple, mechanical reflection of the former. Many processes (the choice of private schools or of specific and very often selective and rare curricula that make it possible to avoid the local public middle school; disability; siblings; personal convenience) contribute to exacerbating the correlation. Using data from the Ministry of Education, the current paper develops a typology of middle schools according to their socio-economic composition (using Correspondence Analysis and Hierarchical Agglomerative Classification), and looks at their unequal spatial distribution across the Paris metropolitan area. We measure school segregation using classical indices, and show that school segregation is higher than socio-residential segregation, particularly for students from upper-middle class backgrounds and for students from working class backgrounds. The spatial analysis of segregation, when compared with test scores, reveals strong inequalities between locations. The impact of school segregation on school success has been mainly analysed in terms of the effect of students’ social background. If one looks at the number of top tier marks (‘mention bien et très bien’) obtained at the final middle school exam in the Paris metropolitan area from 2006 to 2012, it is possible to see that girls and boys are not equally sensitive to these contextual effects. Based on logistic regressions, the analysis of the interactions between individual characteristics (socio-economic background and gender) and contextual variables (the school’s status [private/public], its location, its socio-economic composition) gives a more complex picture. This raises both methodological and political questions that suggest the need for an intersectional approach. Such a finding presents a challenge not only for social scientists studying segregation and school inequalities, but also for policy makers who want to reinforce mixed schooling.
Urban structures, population density and municipal expenditures: An empirical study in the Czech Republic
Authors: Hudeček Tomáš , Hnilička Pavel , Dlouhý Martin , Leňo Cutáková Lucie , Leňo Michal
Published: February 2019

The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the type of urban spatial structure, population density and the selected types of capital and current municipal expenditures. Seven types of urban spatial structures at the level of city blocks are defined. Different types of municipal expenditure (urban green, pavement, roadway and public lighting) are estimated by the data from 22 Czech cities and six city districts. The capital and current municipal expenditures are calculated for each urban structure per hectare and per capita. The most expensive urban structure per hectare is the urban structure of estates and high rises, which is caused by the large proportion of public space. On the other hand, single detached houses are the least costly. If the population density is taken into account and municipal expenditures are calculated per capita, the least costly urban structure is the urban block structure followed by the organic urban structure (historical centre), which is given by high population density and lower size of public space. The urban structure of single detached houses is the most costly urban structure per capita.
Mineralogical characteristics and sources of alkali metals in the No. 6 coal seam from the Fukang mining area of the Zhunnan coalfield, Xinjiang province, Northwest China
Authors: Xu Yun , Liang Handong , Zhang Ning
Published: February 2019

Minerals in coal are of great significance in determining coal properties, washing, combustion, gasification, and liquefaction. The content of alkali metals in coal is an important factor determining corrosion and/or erosion in combustion boilers. Eleven coal samples were taken from the No. 6 coal seam of the Fukang mining area, Zhunnan coalfield, Xinjiang province, China. X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, low-temperature ashing-X-ray diffraction, and electron probe microanalyzer were used for analyzing the minerals, major elements, and trace elements of the coal. The results indicated that the minerals mainly consist of dawsonite, dolomite, albite, calcite, kaolinite, quartz. The average content of Na2O in the ash of the No. 6 coal seam samples was 10.91%. Na mainly occurs in the form of organic compounds in the No. 6 coal seam, then in the form of inorganic minerals, such as dawsonite and albite. Na in surface and underlying strata was brought into the coal by water and combined with organic matter, resulting in relatively high Na contents in the upper and bottom parts of the coal seam and relatively low Na contents in the middle part.
An Exploratory Study of Reading Mathematical Expressions by Braille Readers
Authors: van Leendert Annemiek , Doorman Michiel , Drijvers Paul , Pel Johan , van der Steen Johannes
Published: February 2019

Introduction:

Braille readers encounter difficulties when reading mathematical expressions. In this exploratory study, we created a setting to investigate these difficulties.

Method:

Using a motion-capturing system, we analyzed the tactile strategies of three braille readers while they read mathematical expressions. To compare tactile with visual reading strategies, we also analyzed the oculomotor performance in five print readers.

Results:

The analysis showed that the two experienced braille readers needed about 3.5 times as much time as print readers to read and solve four items involving mathematical expressions. The braille readers used personal reading strategies for all items with little use of the structure of the expression. In contrast, the reading strategies of print readers showed item-dependent and structure-related characteristics.

Discussion:

The braille readers had difficulties, within the constraints of tactile reading, to align their reading strategies with the solution procedures required by the mathematical structure of the items.

Implications for practitioners:

Teachers need to become aware of the kind of problems that braille readers confront when they try to comprehend and solve mathematical problems.
“What You Want Me to Be”: Documenting Muhammad Ali, 1970 to the Present
Authors: Johnston Alexander William McKie
Published: February 2019

This article analyzes a selection of documentaries about the boxer and cultural and political icon, Muhammad Ali. I trace the evolution of dominant popular narratives about Ali, identify their underlying ideological positions, and argue for the role played by these films in the production and propagation of such narratives. I also explore how archival materials are incorporated into these films and how they can subvert or complicate the narratives they are intended to illustrate. I conclude by imagining a theoretical approach to studying Ali which is neither mobilized by nor confined to ideologically determined narratives, focusing instead on Ali’s acts of performance as represented in the archive.
Effectiveness of a programme comprising serial casting, botulinum toxin, splinting and motor training for contracture management: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Leung Joan , King Clayton , Fereday Sarah
Published: February 2019

Objective:

To determine the effectiveness of a programme comprising serial casting, botulinum toxin, splinting and motor training in contracture management.

Design:

A randomized trial with concealed allocation and assessor blinding, a deferred treatment cross-over design within the control group, was conducted.

Setting:

Inpatient Brain Injury Unit of a rehabilitation centre.

Subjects:

A total of 10 patients with severe acquired brain injury (13 ankles).

Interventions:

The intervention group received botulinum toxin and then serial casting. The control group was placed on a wait list for six weeks (control phase) and then received the same interventions as the intervention group (intervention phase). Both groups received splinting and motor training following serial casting.

Main measures:

The primary outcome was passive ankle dorsiflexion range. Secondary outcomes included spasticity, ankle dorsiflexor strength, Functional Independence Measure score for the walking item and walking speed.

Results:

The mean between-group difference for passive ankle dorsiflexion range at completion of casting was 26° (95% confidence interval (CI): 17–35); at Week 2, after casting was 24° (95% CI: 14–33). The mean within-group differences for passive ankle dorsiflexion at completion of casting, Week 2 after casting and Week 8 after casting were 26° (95% CI: 20–31), 26° (95% CI: 18–33) and 24° (95% CI: 19–30), respectively. These improvements were sustained at Week 2 and Week 8 after casting.

Conclusions:

A programme for contracture management comprising serial casting, botulinum toxin, motor training and splinting can be useful in improving joint range.
Prevalence and epidemiological associates of novel psychedelic use in the United States adult population
Authors: Sexton James D , Crawford Michael S , Sweat Noah W , Varley Allyson , Green Emma E , Hendricks Peter S
Published: February 2019

Background:

Novel psychedelics approximate classic psychedelics, but unlike classic psychedelics, novel psychedelics have been used by humans for a shorter period of time, with fewer data available on these substances.

Aims:

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of novel psychedelic use and the associations of novel psychedelic use with mental health outcomes.

Methods:

We estimated the prevalence of self-reported, write-in lifetime novel psychedelic use and evaluated the associations of novel psychedelic use with psychosocial characteristics, past month psychological distress, and past year suicidality among adult respondents pooled from years 2008–2016 of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (weighted n=234,914,788).

Results:

A fraction (weighted n=273,720; 0.12%) reported lifetime novel psychedelic use. This cohort tended to be younger, male, and White, have greater educational attainment but less income, be more likely to have never been married, engage in self-reported risky behavior, and report lifetime illicit use of other drugs, particularly classic psychedelics (96.9%). (2-(4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine) (2C-B) (30.01%), (2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenethylamine) (2C-I) (23.9%), and (1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylphenyl)-2-aminoethane) (2C-E) (14.8%) accounted for the majority of lifetime novel psychedelic use. Although lifetime novel psychedelic use was not associated with psychological distress or suicidality compared to no lifetime novel psychedelic use or classic psychedelic use, relative to lifetime use of classic psychedelics but not novel psychedelics, lifetime novel psychedelic use was associated with a greater likelihood of past year suicidal thinking (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR)=1.4 (1.1–1.9)) and past year suicidal planning (aOR=1.6 (1.1–2.4)).

Conclusion:

Novel psychedelics may differ from classic psychedelics in meaningful ways, though additional, directed research is needed.
Efficacy of a Comprehensive Early Childhood Curriculum to Enhance Children’s Success
Authors: Odom Samuel L. , Butera Gretchen , Diamond Karen E. , Hanson Marci J. , Horn Eva , Lieber Joan , Palmer Susan , Fleming Kandace , Marquis Janet
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of the Children’s School Success (CSS) curriculum for 4-year-old children enrolled in preschool programs designed to prepare them for success in their early public school grades. The study took place in preschool classes located in five regionally distributed states, all of which were inclusive of children with disabilities as well as other learning needs. Participants were 1,117 children from three subgroups (i.e., children living in poverty, children who were English Learners, and children with identified disabilities). Effects were also examined for children from these groups who had challenging behavior. Positive effects on different measures of vocabulary, letter knowledge, math, and social problem solving were found for children who were at risk due to poverty only and children who were English Learners. There was a consistent finding of “non-effects” for the children with disabilities.
A prospective randomized trial of a potassium competitive acid blocker vs proton pump inhibitors on the effect of ulcer healing after endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastric neoplasia
Authors: Komori Hiroyuki , Ueyama Hiroya , Nagahara Akihito , Akazawa Yoichi , Takeda Tsutomu , Matsumoto Kohei , Matsumoto Kenshi , Asaoka Daisuke , Hojo Mariko , Yao Takashi , Watanabe Sumio
Published: February 2019

Background/Aims

Vonoprazan is a new a potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) that was recently developed in Japan. However, vonoprazan’s efficacy in healing gastric ulcers after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of P-CABs and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in healing post-ESD ulcers.

Materials and Methods

This prospective randomized controlled trial (UMIN000017386) enrolled 40 patients with gastric neoplasia, who underwent ESD at our hospital from April 2015 to January 2016. Before ESD, patients were randomly divided into the following two groups: group V, vonoprazan 20 mg/day; or group R, rabeprazole 10 mg/day. Medications were taken 1 day before to 4 weeks after ESD. The ESD-induced artificial ulcer size was measured just after ESD and 4 weeks after ESD to calculate the reduction rate as follows: (ulcer area 4 weeks after ESD)/(ulcer area just after ESD) × 100.

Results

Eighteen patients in group V and 15 patients in group R were analyzed. The mean reduction rate was significantly different in groups V and R (93.3% vs 96.6%, respectively). Post-ESD bleeding was observed in two patients in group R and drug-induced hepatic injury in one patient in group R.

Conclusion

Rabeprazole facilitated the healing process post-ESD.
Predictive Validity of the YLS/CMI in a Sample of Spanish Young Offenders of Arab Descent
Authors: Villanueva L. , Gomis-Pomares A. , Adrián J. E.
Published: February 2019

This study was conducted to assess the predictive validity of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) in young offenders of Arab descent, living in Spain. To address this subject, the Inventory was administered to a sample of Arab minor offenders ( N = 116), and results were compared to a sample of non-Arab minor offenders ( N = 140), who were all aged between 14 and 17 years. The charges filed after the date of the first assessment carried out by the Youth Offending Team were coded during the follow-up period (2012-2017). The Inventory showed a similar predictive validity for both groups. However, the values were always slightly higher in the non-Arab group than in the Arab group. With subtle cultural differences, the YLS/CMI seems to be a risk instrument capable of predicting recidivism among Arab young offenders.
A Female Leadership Trust Advantage in Times of Crisis: Under What Conditions?
Authors: Post Corinne , Latu Ioana M. , Belkin Liuba Y.
Published: February 2019

We examined differences in trust for men and women leaders who adopt relational behaviors during an organizational crisis. We addressed two important shortcomings of previous research. First, we independently manipulated leader gender and leader relational behaviors (interpersonal emotion management) to identify their separate and interacting influences on trust outcomes, which may lead to a leadership advantage for women. Second, we examined how uncertainty about crisis outcomes affects the strength of this advantage. We operationalized trust as both evaluative and behavioral (investment in a company led by the leader). We found support from two experiments with women and men ( N = 412 and N = 400) for the idea of a female leadership trust advantage in times of crisis. And we showed that the advantage is uniquely attributable to female leaders’ use of relational behaviors and is manifested only when crisis consequences are known. We observed these effects for both evaluative trust (Studies 1 and 2) and behavioral trust (Study 2). We invite more research on the conditions that contribute to the female leadership advantage, the gendered nature of leadership behaviors during organizational crises, and the relational leadership qualities that help restore trust in organizations during uncertain times. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684319828292
The Eickstedt Archive: German Anthropology in Colonial India
Authors: Mueller Katja
Published: February 2019

The Eickstedt archive is an inventory of a German anthropologist’s perception of India of the 1920s through photographs and written accounts. His understanding forms the leitmotif of this reading of the archive, which as such is a reading along the grain. This article attempts to locate the archive’s rationale, which vacillates between expectations of the ‘primitive other’ and a rising racial anthropology. Exploring the relationship between the archive’s content and the context allows one to trace the intentions and preoccupations that influenced the archive, without neglecting the agency of the photographic subjects. Juxtaposing the archive and the published accounts as well as the related artefact collection further substantiates that the archive is constituted by the multiple influences of German anthropology of the 1920s, a conventional nationalism, and European orientalism.
Technoscientific Education and the Development Discourse: India (1900–47)
Authors: Kumar Deepak
Published: February 2019

One of the chief characteristics of the Indian National Movement is the development discourse that evolved during the first half of the twentieth century. Its leaders, both at the local and at the national levels, were aware of the significance of technoscientific education for social and economic progress. They were articulating new demands while the colonial government ducked citing war situations, economic depression and so on. This article tries to bring forth ideas not only of the Indian men of science but those of the ordinary people as reflected in the Indian language press of the time.
What Matters for Urban Adolescents’ Engagement and Disengagement in School: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Fredricks Jennifer A. , Parr Alyssa K. , Amemiya Jamie L. , Wang Ming-Te , Brauer Scott
Published: February 2019

This study uses a mixed-method sequential exploratory design to examine influences on urban adolescents’ engagement and disengagement in school. First, we interviewed 22 middle and high school students who varied in their level of engagement and disengagement. Support from adults and peers, opportunities to make choices, and external incentives aligned with greater engagement. In contrast, a strict disciplinary structure, an irrelevant and boring curriculum, disengaged peers, and lack of respect by adults coincided with greater disengagement. From these interviews, we tested whether these factors were statistically significant predictors of engagement and disengagement in a sample of 611 middle and high school students. In the majority of models, these predictors were significantly related to engagement and disengagement in the expected direction. Implications of findings for educational practice are discussed.
A Behavior Sequence Analysis of Victims’ Accounts of Stalking Behaviors
Authors: Quinn-Evans Leah , Keatley David A. , Arntfield Michael , Sheridan Lorraine
Published: February 2019

Stalking is a complex issue involving multiple behaviors and interactions between the stalker and their target. Research has typically involved grouping risk behaviors related to stalking; however, the research question in the current research was to what extent a temporal method would allow investigators to map the dynamics of stalking. Behavior Sequence Analysis is a form of systems analysis that examines sequences of events over time, providing statistically significant results from complex real-world data. The Behavior Sequence Analysis method was applied to 39 participants’ detailed accounts of stalking written in online forums. The study provides illustration of the antecedents of stalking and how it may initiate and develop through to end of contact. Both stalker behavior and decisions made by victim were included in the models. The results show multiple patterns of stalkers’ behaviors; however, the results also clearly show that victims need not perform many behaviors for stalkers to continue with their actions. A main finding was how many behavior transitions occurred before victims felt a significant problem. A large number of participants indicated that they (repeatedly) reported their case of stalking to police and authorities; however, they were mostly dismissed or felt that police did not stop the stalker’s actions. A major implication of the current research is providing a novel method to produce a framework that may be used to operationalize definitions of stalking based on coherent frameworks of stalkers’ behaviors over time.
Exploring Perceptions of the Path to Work/Life Success Among Middle School Students of Color
Authors: Albritton Kizzy , Cureton Jenny L. , Byrd Janice A. , Storlie Cassandra A.
Published: February 2019

There are limited empirical studies examining career-related activities for Black and Latino/a students during the middle school years. Using a constant comparison method, this study examined the narrative data of 63 Black and Latino/a middle school students regarding their perceptions of work and life success. The results of this analysis revealed five overarching themes: exposure, support, attainment, family, and effort/persistence. Implications for career and school professionals, as well as the significance of school–family–community partnerships, are discussed.
Occupational Engagement and Positive Psychological Measures in Two Collectivistic Cultures
Authors: Vuyk M. Alexandra , Lei Yujia , Krieshok Thomas S. , Codas Gerónimo
Published: February 2019

This study assessed occupational engagement and its relationship to positive psychological measures in two collectivistic cultures. Undergraduate students in China ( n = 230) and Paraguay ( n = 231) completed the Occupational Engagement Scale for Students (OES-S), a one-factor, 9-item scale to measure occupational engagement, the Vocational Identity Scale, the Satisfaction With Life Scale, the Adult Hope Scale, and the Personal Growth Initiative Scale-II. Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses with OES-S scores were held for partial strong measurement invariance. OES-S scores correlated with scores on positive psychological measures. While the OES-S has room for improvement, occupational engagement seems to be a viable cross-cultural construct applicable to collectivistic cultures.
Impact of a Pharmacy-Initiated Inpatient Diabetes Patient Education Program on 30-Day Readmission Rates
Authors: Murphy Julie A. , Schroeder Michelle N. , Ridner Anita T. , Gregory Megan E. , Whitner Jangus B. , Hackett Sean G.
Published: February 2019

Background:

In October 2012, a pharmacy-driven Inpatient Diabetes Patient Education (IDPE) program was implemented at the University of Toledo Medical Center (UTMC).

Objective:

To determine the difference in 30-day hospital readmission rates for patients who receive IDPE compared to those who do not.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort was completed at UTMC. Patients admitted between October 1, 2012, and September 30, 2013, were included if they were ≥18 years and had one of the following: (1) diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, (2) blood glucose >200 mg/dL (>11.11 mmol/L) on admission, or (3) hemoglobin A1C of >6.5% (>48 mmol/mol). Patients who received IDPE from a pharmacist or student pharmacist (intervention group) were compared to patients who did not receive IDPE (control group).

Results:

The 30-day readmission rate was 13.2% for the intervention group (n = 364) and 21.5% for the control group (n = 149) ( P = .023). Average time to 30-day readmission was 13.1 (±8.3) days for the IDPE group and 11.9 (±7.9) days for the control group. There was no significant difference in diabetes-related readmission between the intervention and control groups (25.5% vs 21.9%).

Conclusions:

An IDPE program delivered primarily by pharmacists and student pharmacists significantly reduced 30-day readmission rates among patients with diabetes.
Fractional-order sliding mode control for deployment of tethered spacecraft system
Authors: Ma Zhiqiang , Zhu Zheng H , Sun Guanghui
Published: February 2019

This paper proposes a fractional-order integral sliding mode control with the order 0 <  ν < 1 to stabilize the deployment of tethered spacecraft system with only tension regulation. The work in this paper is partially based on integer-order nonlinear sliding mode controller and improves its performance with fractional-order calculus. The proposed scheme makes use of integral sliding surface to obtain smaller convergence regions of state errors, and the fractional derivative is synthesized to enhance the flexibility of controller design by fining parameters for better dynamic and steady-state performance. Fractional-order observers help to eliminate external disturbances while the adaptive law is presented to remove the adverse effect in stability analyses, and fractional-order uniform ultimate boundedness is proved to guarantee the existence of the proposed sliding surface. According to theoretical analyses, the fractional order will indeed affect the dynamic and steady-state performance of control system, and the proposed method will be verified in numerical simulations compared with the nonlinear sliding mode counterpart.
Cervical cancer awareness and presence of abnormal cytology among HIV-infected women on antiretroviral therapy in rural Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Shin Sanghyuk S , Carpenter Catherine L , Ekstrand Maria L , Wang Qiao , Grover Surbhi , Zetola Nicola M , Yadav Kartik , Sinha Sanjeev , Nyamathi Adeline M
Published: February 2019

Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death among women in low- and middle-income countries, and women living with HIV are at high risk for cervical cancer. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of cervical cancer and pre-cancer lesions and to examine cervical cancer knowledge among women living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in rural Andhra Pradesh, India. We conducted cytology-based screening and administered a standardized questionnaire among 598 HIV-infected women. We found 5 (0.8%), 39 (6.5%), 29 (4.9%), and 4 (0.7%) had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and squamous cervical carcinoma (SCC), respectively. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, ASCUS/LSIL was independently associated with age >16 years old at first sexual encounter and smokeless tobacco use. We found no factors associated with HSIL/SCC. In total, 101 women (16.9%) had heard of cervical cancer and 28 (27.7%) of them correctly identified HIV infection as a risk factor. In light of the high prevalence of pre-cancer lesions and low level of cervical cancer knowledge in our study population, focused interventions are needed to improve cervical cancer literacy and prevention among rural women living with HIV.
Psoriasis in HIV infection: an update
Authors: Alpalhão Miguel , Borges-Costa J. , Filipe Paulo
Published: February 2019

Psoriasis is a prevalent systemic immune-mediated disease with cutaneous manifestations. In HIV-infected patients, psoriasis may have a higher incidence, present atypical and more exuberant clinical features, and is frequently recalcitrant to treatment. Despite this aggravated severity, treatment options for psoriasis in HIV-infected individuals remain limited due to the risk of fatal immunosuppression associated with both classical immunosuppressants and new biological drugs. Notwithstanding, drug therapy in psoriasis has been undergoing major advances for the last few years, with novel drugs approved, which could significantly add to the management of HIV-infected patients. It is therefore our aim to present a review of the available literature to highlight the updated evidence on psoriasis in HIV-infected individuals, particularly in regards to its epidemiology, proposed pathophysiology, clinical presentation, currently available therapeutic options, and future perspectives.
Reactivation of Previous Experiences in a Working Memory Task
Authors: Bae Gi-Yeul , Luck Steven J.
Published: February 2019

Recent experiences influence the processing of new information even when those experiences are irrelevant to the current task. Does this reflect the indirect effects of a passively maintained representation of the previous experience, or is this representation reactivated when a new event occurs? To answer this question, we attempted to decode the orientation of the stimulus on the previous trial from the electroencephalogram on the current trial in a working memory task. Behavioral data confirmed that the previous-trial stimulus orientation influenced the reported orientation on the current trial, even though the previous-trial orientation was now task irrelevant. In two independent experiments, we found that the previous-trial orientation could be decoded from the current-trial electroencephalogram, indicating that the current-trial stimulus reactivated or boosted the representation of the previous-trial orientation. These results suggest that the effects of recent experiences on behavior are driven, in part, by a reactivation of those experiences and not solely by the indirect effects of passive memory traces.
Divergent Discourse in Disproportionality Research: A Response to Kauffman and Anastasiou (2019)
Authors: Whitford Denise K. , Carrero Kelly M.
Published: February 2019

This article is in response to Kauffman and Anastasiou, wherein the authors initiate discussion regarding the cultural politics within special education identification and placement, particularly surrounding the issue of disproportionality. In this article, we identified four points of discussion regarding societal implications of disproportionality; the roles of (a) divergent ideologies; (b) access and advantage; (c) adult, adolescent, and child behavior; and (d) methodology in the debate on disproportionality in special education identification and placement. Furthermore, we highlight the problems with focusing too heavily on either one of these roles, without proposing viable prevention and intervention efforts to eliminate discriminatory identification and placement in the future. We encourage further discourse in the field that will lead to sound policy and improved practices within and for schools.
Copanlisib: An Intravenous Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) Inhibitor for the Treatment of Relapsed Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Eltantawy Adel , Vallejos Ximena , Sebea Elrodia , Evans Kirsten
Published: February 2019

Objective: To review the mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, safety, dosage, administration, and role of copanlisib in the treatment of relapsed follicular lymphoma (FL). Data Sources: Sources of information were identified through searches of PubMed (August 2014 to January 2019) using the key terms copanlisib, Aliqopa, PI3K inhibitor, and BAY 80-6946. Unpublished abstract information was obtained from the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Review articles and studies in the English language evaluating the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of copanlisib were included. Data Synthesis: Copanlisib is the first intravenous phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor approved for the treatment of relapsed FL in patients who have received at least 2 prior systemic therapies. The safety and efficacy of copanlisib has been studied in the multicenter, single-arm, phase II CHRONOS-1 study. The results reported for FL patients were an objective response rate of 59%, a complete response of 14%, median duration of response of 22.6 months, and median progression-free survival of 11.2 months. The most common adverse events reported were hyperglycemia and hypertension, which were infusion related and transient. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Copanlisib is unique in that it is a pan–class I PI3K inhibitor with preferential inhibitory activity against the PI3K-α and PI3K-δ isoforms. It has a more favorable safety profile than the other agents in its class with no late-onset toxicities. Conclusions: Copanlisib provides an alternative option for patients with relapsed FL. It is safe and effective and has an acceptable toxicity profile.
Andexanet alfa: A Novel Factor Xa Inhibitor Reversal Agent
Authors: Powell Jason , Taylor James , Garland Scott G.
Published: February 2019

Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the available clinical trial data for andexanet alfa and its role in clinical practice. Data Sources: A MEDLINE/PubMed search was conducted (January 2000 to January 2019) using the keyword andexanet alfa for clinical trials. References of identified articles were searched by hand for additional citations. Study Selection and Data Extraction: We included English-language articles related to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of andexanet alfa or provided novel information regarding this drug entity. Data Synthesis: The findings of the review show that andexanet alfa may be a safe and effective option for the reversal of apixaban and rivaroxaban. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: With the approval of this reversal agent, patients and providers can feel safer when using apixaban and rivaroxaban, which in turn may increase the use of these anticoagulant agents. Conclusions: The new FDA approval of andexanet alfa will allow safer use of oral anticoagulants and will likely further the use of direct oral anticoagulants for anticoagulant needs. Reversing enoxaparin-/edoxaban-induced bleeding with this agent should be limited because there is no FDA approval owing to the fact that only phase II trial data available.
Effect of Active and Passive Mechanical Thromboprophylaxis and Consensual Effect on the Venous Blood Flow Velocity Among Hemiparetic Patients
Authors: Kiss Gabriella , Faludi Béla , Szilágyi Brigitta , Makai Alexandra , Velényi Anita , Ács Pongrác , Tardi Péter , Pallag Adrienn , Bors Viktória , Sekk Patrícia , Járomi Melinda
Published: February 2019

Our aim was to measure the venous blood flow velocity (VBFV) in case of hemiparetic patients, after passive and active thromboembolic methods, as well as the consensual effect in the hemiparetic limb following the active venous exercises in the healthy limb. We examined 215 patients, with the median age of 58.0 (55.0-63.0) years. The VBFV was measured with a HADECO BIDOP ES-100 V II type Doppler ultrasound device, using an 8 MHz head, on the femoral vein at the level of the hip joint. For statistical analysis, SPSS version 22 was used. After passive movement, on the hemiparetic side, compared to the value in resting state, the VBFV significantly (12.6; 11.6-13.5 cm/s; P < .001) increased. Following active venous exercises performed on the healthy side, the VBFV significantly (18.0; 15.6-19.6 cm/s; P < .001) increased compared to the value in resting state. Following the active venous exercises performed on the healthy side, the VBFV measured on the hemiparetic side (consensual effect) was significantly (15.1 [14.1-16.5] cm/s; P < .001) higher than the value on the hemiparetic side in resting state. Active and passive mechanical thromboprophylaxis methods can be effective. Movements of the healthy limb significantly increase the VBFV in the inactive limb, and patients can perform it themselves several times a day.
Physicochemical, antioxidant and microbial properties of crystallized pansies (Viola × wittrockiana) during storage
Authors: Fernandes Luana , Casal Susana , Pereira José A , Pereira Ermelinda L , Saraiva Jorge A , Ramalhosa Elsa
Published: February 2019

Edible flowers, such as pansies, have a short shelf-life. Crystallization is a treatment used to prolong the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables. So, the aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of crystallization in the physicochemical, microbial and antioxidant properties of pansies ( Viola×wittrockiana) during room temperature storage (7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days). Comparing fresh and crystallized pansies, significant differences were detected. After 90 days of storage, crystallized pansies kept similar appearance to those immediately after treatment. A significant decrease in water activity, moisture, ash and protein contents was observed between 0 and 90 days of storage for crystallized pansies. Some bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids and monomeric anthocyanins, showed a significant decrease after 90 days of storage, while hydrolysable tannins increased. Concerning phenolic compounds, these maintained constant along storage. The microbial load of crystallized pansies during all storage time was lower than fresh ones. So, crystallization can be an effective method for pansies preservation, being some nutritional and bioactive compounds, little affected during storage. However, crystallization contributed to a high increase in sugar content and energy values compared to fresh pansies.
Experimental and simulation studies on bending behavior of laminated glass with polyvinyl butyral and ethyl vinyl acetate inter-layers of different critical thicknesses
Authors: Vedrtnam Ajitanshu , Pawar S J
Published: February 2019

Bending strength of laminated glass is among the most significant mechanical property due to its architectural, glazing, automotive safety, and decorative applications. The present work includes measurement of bending strength of laminated glasses with different inter-layers (polyvinyl butyral and ethyl vinyl acetate) and their different critical thicknesses (0.38, 0.76, and 1.52 mm). Bending strength is measured using Q-set coupled bending tester (following the ASTM D790-03), and the experiment is simulated by numerical modeling using ANSYS 14.5. The effect of inter-layer type and inter-layer thickness on bending strength is clearly observed from this brief study. Laminated glass having polyvinyl butyral inter layer is found less stiff than laminated glass having ethyl vinyl acetate inter layer. The regression analysis confirmed the dependability of bending strength of laminated glass on the inter-layer type and inter-layer thickness. The significance F value shows the strong association of bending strength with inter-layer types and inter-layer thickness, and P value shows that the error in the analysis is within considerable limits. It was also concluded that higher average load is sustained by the laminated glass having polyvinyl butyral inter layer but with larger average deformation. There is an increment in average deformation before fracture with an increment in critical inter-layer thickness in both laminated glass having ethyl vinyl acetate inter layer and laminated glass having polyvinyl butyral inter layer. The conclusions may be utilized for the selection of laminated glass for the various structural, automotive, and other applications.