bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONSISTENCY OF PRIVACY VIEWS ON HIPPOCRATIC AND MULTILEVEL DATABASES USING SMART CONTRACTS
Authors:   Student, School of Computer Science & Engineering, VIT, Vellore., Anandita Iyer A. , Shyama Sundar R.K. ,   Student, School of Computer Science & Engineering, VIT, Vellore., K.S. Umadevi ,   Professor, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay.
Published: February 2021

Nowadays the whole world is immersed in data. Starting from creating the data, using the data, sharing the data, everyone has control of their respective data. Even the companies rely highly on data as all of their storage and analysis have been computerized. In most traditional methods, the database which is being deployed is deemed trustworthy. But the threat always persists no matter how secure the database is. Attackers perform various types of attacks possible to gain access, tamper or perform any kind of compromising action on the database which will hamper the working of a company/individual.So, the goal is to achieve security against those attacks and additionally avoiding users to obtain information which they are not authorized to.However, there exists a series of relational data such as medical databases where there are two or more parties involved in a database and the trust factor automatically takes a hit. In this paper, I propose a model, that provides authorization, confidentiality, accessibility and privacy for a healthcare database.
ENHANCED ALGORITHM OF ARTIFICIAL BEE COLONY (ABC) TO OPTIMIZE MODELS OF SYSTEM RELIABILITY
Authors:   Mechatronics & Automation Engineering Department, Shanghai University, China., Acquah Samuel , Zhen Li ,   Electronics & Information Engineering Department, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, China., Krampah-Nkoom Anastasia ,   School of Management and Business Administration, Jiangsu University, China.
Published: February 2021

In recent times, computer software applications are increasingly becoming an essential basis in several multipurpose domains including medicine, engineering, transportation etc. Consequently, with such wide implementation of software, the imperative need of ensuring certain software quality physiognomies such as efficiency, reliability and stability has ascended. To measure such software quality features, we have to wait until the software is executed, tested and put to use for a certain period of time. Numerous software metrics are presented in this study to circumvent this long and expensive process, and they proved to be awesome method of estimating software reliability models. For this purpose, software reliability prediction models are built. These are used to establish a relationship between internal sub-characteristics such asinheritance, coupling, size, etc. and external software quality attributes such as maintainability, stability, etc. Usingsuchrelationships, one canbuildamodelinordertoestimatethereliabilityofnewsoftware system.Suchmodelsaremainlyconstructedbyeitherstatisticaltechniquessuchasregression,or machine learningtechniquessuchasC4.5andneuralnetworks.The prototype presented isinvigoratedemployingprocedures of machine learninginparticularrule-basedmodels.Thesehaveawhite-boxnaturewhich accordsthecataloguingandmakingthemgood-looktoexpertsinthedomain. In this paper, wesuggest a powerfulinnovative heuristic based on Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) to enhance rule-based software reliability prediction models. The presented approach is authenticated on data describing reliability of classes in an Object-Oriented system. We compare our models to others constructed using other well-established techniques such as C4.5, Genetic Algorithms (GA), Simulated Annealing (SA), Tabu Search (TS), multi-layer perceptron with back-propagation,multi-lay perceptron hybridized with ABC and the majority classifier. Results show that, in most cases, the propose technique out- performs the others in different aspects.
CHANGES IN LAND COVER OF THE MOUNT SIRIMAU PROTECTED GROUP, AMBON CITY MALUKU PROVINCE
Authors:   Forestry Department, Pattimura University. Jl. Ir. M. Putuhena. 97234., Parera Evelin , Hadi Purwanto Ris ,   Faculty of Forestry, GadjahMada University, Jln. Agro, Bulaksumur No. 1 Kocoran, Caturtunggal, Kec.Depok, Kab. Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281., Budi Permadi Dwiko ,   Faculty of Forestry, GadjahMada University, Jln. Agro, Bulaksumur No. 1 Kocoran, Caturtunggal, Kec.Depok, Kab. Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281., a Sumardi ,   Faculty of Forestry, GadjahMada University, Jln. Agro, Bulaksumur No. 1 Kocoran, Caturtunggal, Kec.Depok, Kab. Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281.
Published: February 2021

Changes in land cover will always occur in forest areas either naturally or due to human intervention, changes for the better or damage. The Protected Forest Group Mount Sirimauis part of the Ambon City Protected Forest which was established in 1996, but there are still changes in land cover. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in the land cover before and after the establishment of the Protected Forest Group Mount Sirimau. The research method used is a descriptive research method that explains the results of the map overlay of land cover changes. Changes in the land cover before designation as protected forest (1990-1996) contained 4 (four) land cover classes of Primary Dryland Forest, Secondary Dryland Forest, Shrub Bush, and Shrub Dryland Agriculture. There are 7 (seven) land cover changes after designation as protected forest (2000-2019), namely Primary Dryland Forest, Secondary Dryland Forest, Shrub Bush, Savana, Dryland Agriculture Mixed with Shrubs, Dryland Agriculture and Settlements. Changes in land cover are strongly influenced by social, economic, cultural and political factors, so there must be synergy from the bottom up and top down for socialization and affirmation of forest functions and their use by applicable regulation.The nearby study analyses the solid waste management in Tamil Nadu. Solid waste comprised all the wastes arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and that are discarded useless or unwanted. The increasing difficulty in managing wastes in different states in Tamil Nadu. On the basis of the results, it was recommended to increase public awareness through enlightenment campaign against danger of indiscriminate dumping of wastes as they affect human health.
ANTIMULLERIANHORMONE: CORRELATION WITH FIRST TRIMESTER MISCARRIAGE
Authors:   Assistant Professor of Obetetrics and Gynecology Benhauniversity - Qalubia - EgyptStreet no 3 ElvillalkornishElneelBenha VILA 12., Abdulla Elsayed Mostafa
Published: February 2021

Objective: The present study assessed antiMullerian hormone (AMH) levels as a useful markerand a predictor of abortion in the first trimester among women younger than 35 years. Methods: Prospective study of women aged 18Ã¢Â€Â“34 years with a spontaneous pregnancy at less than 12 gestational weeks in Benha , Egypt, between January 2019 and November 2020 samples of blood taken at the beginning of pregnancy on booking and again at 6 weeks. Cases of anembryonic abortion and assisted conception were excluded. Blood samples were collected and assayed for serum AMH levels (on booking and at 6 weeks gestation. Data were compared between women with an embryo with no cardiac activity by ultrasound (n=50) and those with a normalpulsating embryo (n=50) by using smith statistical software. Results: Risk of pregnancy loss in the first trimester was found to be higher for low AMH (<1 ng/mL relative risk [RR], 3.66 95% confidence interval. Conclusions: LowAMH concentrations found to significantly increase the risk of abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy. Serum AMH might be a valuable marker to predict the risk of early abortion when it is below 1ng/ml.
A BOOK REVIEW OF PROF. NAMDEVRAO JADHAVS SHIVAJI THE MANAGEMENT GURU
Authors:   Asst. Professor, Department of Commerce,R. P. Gogate College of Arts & Science, and R. V.Jogalekar College of Commerce,Ratnagiri - 415 612. Maharashtra (India), (Affiliated to Mumbai University)., G. Sawant Rupesh
Published: February 2021

Prof. NamdevraoJadhavs Shivaji the Management Guru is the book divided into twenty-two precise chapters which, mainly deals with the concept of management, its features its principles functions and skills of manager and management functions like planning, decision-making, leadership, motivation and few other aspects of management. This book presents ChhatrapatiShivajiMaharaj as the Management Guru. It focuses on ShivajiMaharajs life along with the success of Swarajya. It also produces a number of examples that how ShivajiMaharaj applied and used various concepts, principles, theories, functions and techniques of management and found to be a pioneer of some innovative things in management. The book teaches useful lessons of managerial skills, leadership qualities and way of success to the youths.
CARDIOTOXICITY: AN UNUSUAL CASE OF METHOTREXATE OVERDOSE
Authors:   Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Mohammed VI, University Mohammed the First, Oujda, Morocco., Nhiri R. , Maqdouf S.A ,   Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Mohammed VI, University Mohammed the First, Oujda, Morocco., Elouafi N. ,   Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Mohammed VI, University Mohammed the First, Oujda, Morocco.
Published: February 2021

The methotrexate (MTX) is an antimetabolite, whose dosages vary according to indication. It is used in the treatment of tumoral pathologies, as acute lymphoblastic leukaemias and, in rheumatology, in the rheumatoid polyarthritis (RP) and other chronic inflammatory rheumatisms The methotrexate belongs to the group of antifolates: it inhibits purine and pyrimidine synthesis, which accounts for its efficacy in the therapy of cancer as well as for some of its toxicities. Relative or absolute overdoses in low-dose methotrexate treatments for non-oncological diseases are regularly reported, either in isolated cases or in small series. The bone marrow toxicity with thrombocytopenia and leuconeutropenia is most often the first sign of general involvement. The cardiotoxicity of methotrexate is very rare, in this article we report the observation of pancytopenia associated with cardiotoxicity in a woman treated for RA, for whom the etiological investigation revealed inadvertent methotrexate intoxication by mistake of dosage.
PAIN MANAGEMENT WITH PENTHROX INHALER IN PREHOSPITAL CARE:LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors:   Master Nursing Program, Nursing School, Institute Health Sciences of Strada Indonesia, Jl. Manila, No. 37, Kediri, Jawa Timur, Indonesia., Setiaman Sobur , Peristiowati Yuly ,   Master Nursing Program, Nursing School, Institute Health Sciences of Strada Indonesia, Jl. Manila, No. 37, Kediri, Jawa Timur, Indonesia., Dian Ellina Agusta ,   Master Nursing Program, Nursing School, Institute Health Sciences of Strada Indonesia, Jl. Manila, No. 37, Kediri, Jawa Timur, Indonesia.
Published: February 2021

Introduction:Traumas that give symptoms of severe pains could lead to stress induced pain if not given an immediate pain relief. Penthroxinhaler an immediate pain reliever, can be given in pre-hospital services by ambulance officers (paramedics or ambulance nurses). Penthroxinhaler is a low-dose Methoxyflurane single-use inhaler, and has been used for more than 40 years in the medical field in managing trauma pain. Aim:The purpose of this study was to explore the original research related to the prospects of trauma pain management with Penthrox Inhaler, the benefits of using Penthrox inhaler in pre-hospital trauma pain management, and to identify the side effects from using Penthrox Inhaler based on researches published in international journals. Method:The method used in this literature review is the PICO method a type of systematic literature review. Problem/patient: Severe pain. Intervention: Penthrox Inhaler, Comparison: none. Outcome: Pain relief, Keyword : Pain relief. Result:The administration of Low Dose Methoxyflurane in cases of trauma pain showed a very significant effect.GivingLow Dose Methoxyflurane was given faster to the patientcompared to other drugs. With the provision of LDM, the pain reduction was with a VAS value, which stated very satisfying by 42.8% and satisfying 67.3%. The side effects of using gas drugs are generally seen, whether it causes neprotoxicity and the level of tolerability by the patient himself.Before giving Methoxyflurane to patients, must ensure that the oxygen saturation level is above 90% and the maximum dosage given must be 6 ml in the span of 2 hours to reduce side effects.Ambulance officers can be safe with an exposure time of 8 hours while administering Penthrox to patients.
Sea water whirlpool spa as a source of Legionella infection
Authors: Linsak Dijana Tomic , Kese Darja , Broznic Dalibor , Lusic Darija Vukic , Cenov Arijana , Moric Milan , Gobin Ivana
Published: February 2021

Bacterial pneumonia caused by the inhalation of aerosols contaminated with Legionella spp. is also known as Legionnaires' disease. In this study, we report a case of pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila sg.1 in a 58-year-old man who visited a sea water-filled whirlpool within a hotel and spa complex. The patient's Legionella urine antigen test was positive for L. pneumophila sg.1. During the field study, samples were taken from both the outdoor and indoor sea water-filled pools. Samples from the whirlpool were culture positive for L. pneumophila sg.1. Typing results indicated sea water isolate belonged to Sequence type ST82 and Allentown/France MAb subgroup. In vitro experiments showed that L. pneumophila strains are able to survive within sea water up to 7 days, and survival time is prolonged with sea water dilution. Also, our results indicate that L. pneumophila Allentown strain was the most resistant to adverse conditions in sea water with the highest values of DT50 (420 min) and DT90 (1,396 min). The possible source of infection was adding potable water for filling up the whirlpool. The survival of the L. pneumophila in additionally conditioned sea water should be considered in a further study.
Furanodiene: A Novel, Potent, and Multitarget Cancer-fighting Terpenoid
Authors: Batool Rabia , Rasul Azhar , Hussain Ghulam , Shah Muhammad Ajmal , Nageen Bushra , Sarfraz Iqra , Zahoor Muhammad Kashif , Riaz Ammara , Ajaz Aiza , Adem Şevki
Published: February 2021

Natural products have served as a limitless reservoir of bioactive scaffolds for drug discovery against
several disorders. Furanodiene is a bioactive natural product isolated from several plants of genus Curcuma. Its
therapeutic potential against cancer, inflammation, and angiogenesis has been well-documented. The current
review is an update about the natural sources and anti-cancer action mechanism of furanodiene. Furanodiene
exerts its anti-cancer effects via induction of apoptosis in several cancer types by modulating MAPKs/ERK,
NF-κB, and Akt pathways. Furanodiene has been systematically studied for its anti-cancer potential. However,
pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pre-clinical and clinical studies still needed to be conducted to completely
validate the potential of furanodiene for the treatment of cancer.
Natural Flavans and (Iso)Flavanones with Anticancer Activity: A Review
Authors: Gangopadhyay Arindam
Published: February 2021

The present review describes 108 new examples of naturally occurring flavans and
flavanones having cytotoxic potential, which have been reported during the period of 2005 to
mid-2020. These compounds are found either as aglycones or as glycosides, comprising
flavans, flavanones, isoflavanones and miscellaneous flavanones (homo- and bi-flavanones).
The main topics addressed in this review are source, structure, and cytotoxic activity in detail
and the structure-activity relationship.
Semisynthetic Triazoles as an Approach in the Discovery of Novel Lead Compounds
Authors: Morais Pedro Alves Bezerra , Francisco Carla Santana , de Paula Heberth , Ribeiro Rayssa , Eloy Mariana Alves , Javarini Clara Lirian , Neto Álvaro Cunha , Júnior Valdemar Lacerda
Published: February 2021

Historically, medicinal chemistry has been concerned with the approach of organic
chemistry for new drug synthesis. Considering the fruitful collections of new molecular entities,
the dedicated efforts for medicinal chemistry are rewarding. Planning and search for new
and applicable pharmacologic therapies involve the altruistic nature of the scientists. Since
the 19th century, notoriously applying isolated and characterized plant-derived compounds in
modern drug discovery and various stages of clinical development highlight its viability and
significance. Natural products influence a broad range of biological processes, covering transcription,
translation, and post-translational modification, being effective modulators of most
basic cellular processes. The research of new chemical entities through “click chemistry”
continuously opens up a map for the remarkable exploration of chemical space towards leading
natural products optimization by structure-activity relationship. Finally, in this review, we expect to gather a
broad knowledge involving triazolic natural product derivatives, synthetic routes, structures, and their biological activities.
Advances in the Synthesis of Polyolefin Elastomers with “Chain-walking” Catalysts and Electron Spin Resonance Research of Related Catalytic Systems
Authors: Zhu Lei , Yu Haojie , Wang Li , Xing Yusheng , Bilal Ul Amin
Published: February 2021

In recent years, polyolefin elastomers play an increasingly important role in industry.
The late transition metal complex catalysts, especially α-diimine Ni(II) and α-diimine
Pd(II) complex catalysts, are popular “chain-walking” catalysts. They can prepare polyolefin
with various structures, ranging from linear configuration to highly branched configuration.
Combining the “chain-walking” characteristic with different polymerization strategies, polyolefins
with good elasticity can be obtained. Among them, olefin copolymer is a common
way to produce polyolefin elastomers. For instance, strictly defined diblock or triblock copolymers
with excellent elastic properties were synthesized by adding ethylene and α-olefin
in sequence. As well as the incorporation of polar monomers may lead to some unexpected
improvement. Chain shuttling polymerization can generate multiblock copolymers in one pot
due to the interaction of the catalysts with chain shuttling agent. Furthermore, when regarding ethylene as the sole
feedstock, owing to the “oscillation” of the ligands of the asymmetric catalysts, polymers with stereo-block structures
can be generated. Generally, the elasticity of these polyolefins mainly comes from the alternately crystallineamorphous
block structures, which is closely related to the characteristic of the catalytic system. To improve performance
of the catalysts and develop excellent polyolefin elastomers, research on the catalytic mechanism is of great
significance. Electron spin resonance (ESR), as a precise method to detect unpaired electron, can be applied to study
transition metal active center. Therefore, the progress on the exploration of the valence and the proposed configuration
of catalyst active center in the catalytic process by ESR is also reviewed.
A Critical Review on Recent Development of Techniques and Drug Targets in the Management of Breast Cancer
Authors: Buumba Betty Matimba , Bhardwaj Shweta , Kaur Paranjeet
Published: February 2021

Background:

The most documented illness affecting women overall is breast malignant
growth. Since breast cancer disease is the most widely recognized threat in women, Since breast cancer
disease is the most widely recognized threat in women, this review was done to provide data on
the ongoing advancements in the medication focused on in the breast cancer regimen. Over the previous
decades, it has been seen that different progressions have been made in the disclosure of new
medications and treatments for treating breast malignancy and this is a direct result of the improved
comprehension of the biologic heterogeneity of breast cancer, which has likewise permitted the advancement
of increasingly compelling ways to deal with treating breast cancer.

Methods:

We searched the scientific database using relevant keywords. Among the searched literature,
only peer-reviewed papers were collected, which address our questions. The retrieved quality
papers were screened and analyzed critically. The key findings of these studies are included along
with the importance.

Results:

The research in this review particularly includes the anti-breast cancer drugs, which accountfor
the top largest market by sales in the pharmaceutical industry. Apart from these, natural and innovative
therapies have emerged leading to better management of breast cancer.

Conclusion:

These recent developments have contributed to a more efficient and specific treatment
protocol in breast cancer patients. Moreover, further investigation should be done in improving results
for all the patients with breast cancer disease, particularly individuals who have advanced breast cancer
and the issue of drug resistance, which also poses a threat to the successful development of targeted
therapy in various subtypes of breast cancer, must also be considered.
Reviewing Propolis with Multi-components in the Treatment of Oral Diseases through Multi-pathways and Multi-targets
Authors: Li Zhi , Li Jing , Wang Guokai , Tao Yaotian , Chang Xiangwei , Xia Hongmei , Gui Shuangying
Published: February 2021

Propolis is a natural product made from the mixture of plant resin, saliva and wax collected
by bees. It has been studied and concerned because of its high medicinal value and broad application
prospects. Propolis has complex components, which can act on the body through multi-pathways and
multi-targets to play the role of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and so on, and it can be
used as an important resource for the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. In this review, we
mainly reviewed components of propolis and its physiological activities against oral diseases, as well
as the new dosage forms and applications of propolis in oral treatment. The purpose of this review is
to explore the advantages of propolis in the treatment of oral diseases and the wide application of
propolis in the field of oral health.
Cytoplasmic Trafficking of Nanoparticles Delivers Plasmid DNA for Macrophage Gene-editing
Authors: Lee So Yoon , Fierro Javier , Tran An M. , Hong Daewoo , Espinal Jamil , Dou Huanyu
Published: February 2021

Background:

Successful delivery of gene-editing tools using nano-carriers is dependent
on the ability of nanoparticles to pass through the cellular membrane, move through the cytoplasm,
and cross the nuclear envelope to enter the nucleus. It is critical that intracellular nanoparticles interact
with the cytoskeletal network to move toward the nucleus, and must escape degradation pathways
including lysosomal digestion. Without efficient intracellular transportation and nuclear entry,
nanoparticles-based gene-editing cannot be effectively used for targeted genomic modification.

Objective:

We have developed nanoparticles with a low molecular weight branched polyethylenimine
lipid shell and a PLGA core that can effectively deliver plasmid DNA to macrophages for
gene editing while limiting toxicity.

Methods:

Core-shell nanoparticles were synthesized by a modified solvent evaporation method
and were loaded with plasmid DNA. Confocal microscopy was used to visualize the internalization,
intracellular distribution and cytoplasmic transportation of plasmid DNA loaded nanoparticles
(pDNA-NPs) in bone marrow-derived macrophages.

Results:

Core-shell nanoparticles had a high surface charge of +56 mV and narrow size distribution.
When loaded with plasmid DNA for transfection, the nanoparticles increased in size from 150
nm to 200 nm, and the zeta potential decreased to +36 mV, indicating successful encapsulation.
Further, fluorescence microscopy revealed that pDNA-NPs crossed the cell membrane and interacted
with actin filaments. Intracellular tracking of pDNA-NPs showed successful separation of pDNA-
NPs from lysosomes, allowing entry into the nucleus at 2 hours, with further nuclear ingress
up to 5 hours. Bone marrow-derived macrophages treated with pDNA/GFP-NPs exhibited high
GFP expression with low cytotoxicity.

Conclusions:

Together, this data suggests pDNA-NPs are an effective delivery system for
macrophage gene-editing.
Brain Tumor Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Radiotherapy Treatment
Authors: Raghavapudi Haarika , Singroul Pankaj , Kohila V.
Published: February 2021

The strategy used for the treatment of given brain cancer is critical in determining the
post effects and survival. An oncological diagnosis of tumor evaluates a range of parameters such
as shape, size, volume, location and neurological complexity that define the symptomatic severity.
The evaluation determines a suitable treatment approach chosen from a range of options such as
surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiation therapy and other targeted therapies. Often, a
combination of such therapies is applied to achieve superior results. Radiotherapy serves as a better
treatment strategy because of a higher survival rate. It offers the flexibility of synergy with other
treatment strategies and fewer side effects on organs at risk. This review presents a radiobiological
perspective in the treatment of brain tumor. The cause, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, post-treatment
effects and the framework involved in its elimination are summarized.
Merging DNA Probes with Nanotechnology for RNA Imaging In vivo
Authors: Sheng Chuangui , Wu Bo , Li Lele , Zhao Yuliang
Published: February 2021

Background:

Imaging of RNA in vivo is of great significance for elucidating their biological functions, revealing mechanisms behind disease, and for further diagnosis and treatment. Over the past decade, a variety of DNA-based molecular imaging techniques have been developed for RNA imaging in living cells. Nevertheless, non-invasive imaging of RNA in animals is still limited.

Methods:

An overview of the literature involving RNA imaging in vivo based on the integration of DNA probes with nanotechnology has been reviewed.

Results:

Attributed to DNA’s designability of sequences and specificity of recognition, molecular beacon, strand displacement and hybridization chain reaction would confer quick, efficient and specific response to target RNA. Multifunctional nanomaterials provide powerful support for the intracellular delivery of such DNA probes with spatiotemporal control over their sensing function, thereby achieving RNA imaging in vivo.

Conclusion:

Merging DNA probes with nanotechnology has gained substantial prospects for RNA imaging in vivo, which not only helps us to better elucidate biological functions of RNA, but also provides valuable information for further disease diagnosis and treatment.
Sanguinarine: A Double-Edged Sword of Anticancer and Carcinogenesis and Its Future Application Prospect
Authors: Lou Guanhua , Wang Jin , Hu Ju , Gan Qingxia , Peng Chengyi , Xiong Haijun , Huang Qinwan
Published: February 2021

Background:

Sanguinarine, a kind of benzophenanthridine alkaloid, is a natural compound with potential
development value for its anticancer activity. Hundreds of studies have been carried out in vivo or in
vitro, trying to make it feasible for the anticancer clinic medication of sanguinarine. However, sanguinarine
was branded as a toxicant or even a carcinogen according to some toxicological experiments and cancer investigations.

Objective:

Aiming at safety and effectiveness of sanguinarine, this article reviews the extant information on present
studies of sanguinarine, and both anticancer carcinogenesis mechanism details are summarized. The future
potential research directions of this valued compound are also discussed to provide reference for future drugs
development.

Methods:

PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and WanFang databases were used to search current studies and experimental
researches about anticancer effect or carcinogenic information of sanguinarine.

Results :

Our results indicated that sanguinarine exhibited anticancer effect through anti-proliferation, anti-invasion,
anti-angiogenesis and apoptosis within cancer lesion. Also, many clinical investigations indicated that sanguinarine
and its related products might be associated to pre-carcinoma within oral or skin potentially.

Conclusion:

Sanguinarine is a natural compound with good development value for its potent anticancer activity;
however, its carcinogenesis effect should also be taken seriously. Studies on structural modification and analogue
design should be carried out to improve its safety and efficiency in the future.
Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Brain Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Lung Cancer Patients with Different Cell Types
Authors: Bilgin Emre , Atli Gülüzar , Duman Berna B. , Okten Ali I.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Oxidative stress that leads to an imbalanced prooxidant/antioxidant status can be a critical
factor affecting lung cancer etiopathology. The antioxidant system provides primary protection under oxidative
stress.

Objective:

The purpose of the study was to investigate the serum antioxidant system status in brain metastatic and non-metastatic lung cancer patients with different cell types.

Methods:

In this prospective study, 33 patients with lung cancer metastasis (metastatic patient group), 36 lung
cancer patients (non-metastatic patient group), and 25 healthy control groups were included. Enzymatic (Superoxide
Dismutase, SOD; Glutathione Peroxidase, GPX; and Glutathione Reductase, GR) and non-enzymatic (Glutathione,
GSH) antioxidant system biomarkers with Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) levels
were studied in the serum samples of the control and patient groups. The oxidative stress biomarkers were measured
spectrophotometrically.

Results:

SOD activity increased though TBARS levels and GR activity decreased in both patient groups compared
to the control. GPX activity increased only in the non-metastatic group. Antioxidant biomarkers varied between
small cell and non-small cell group patients. GR activity and GSH levels were significantly higher in the
non-metastatic group compared to the metastatic group. Correlations were also found between antioxidant parameters
in the non-metastatic group.

Conclusions:

It was emphasized the imbalanced antioxidant system in the duration of the disease is related to
not only cell type but also the metastatic structure. This is the preliminary study exhibiting the contribution of
antioxidant imbalance in different subtypes with varied prognosis and behavior of lung cancer in the presence
of brain metastasis. Therefore, oxidative stress biomarkers can serve as a useful tool to get information about
the progression of lung cancer. Thus, it may provide fundamental data for further cancer research when considering
the diagnosis of the disease.
Ginkgolic Acids Confer Potential Anticancer Effects by Targeting Pro- Inflammatory and Oncogenic Signaling Molecules
Authors: Shanmugam Muthu K. , Garg Manoj , Makhija Pooja , Kumar Alan P. , Sharifi-Rad Javad , Zam Wissam , Bishayee Anupam
Published: February 2021

Background:

Medicinal plants and herbal preparations in the form of traditional
medicines have been used in healthcare worldwide. The extracts of Ginkgo biloba L. seeds and
leaves contain a complex mixture of numerous components, such as flavonol glycosides, terpene
lactones, and a group of alkylphenols (anacardic or ginkgolic acids, cardanols and cardols) that
have been a part of traditional Chinese medicine. These extracts are also sold as dietary supplements
worldwide. G. biloba extract (EGb 761 and LI 1370) represent the standard form of G.
biloba extract. Six different 6-alkylsalicylic acids (syn. ginkgolic acids) with alkyl substituents
(C13:0, C15:0, C15:1, C17:0, C17:1, and C17:2) have been identified.

Objective:

The aim of this review is to unravel scientific evidence on anti-inflammatory and anticancer
activities of ginkgolic acids to understand its therapeutic potential against inflammatory and
oncologic diseases.

Methods:

A structured literature search was independently performed by the authors on PubMed,
ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science. Accordingly, this review article critically analyses
available scientific evidence on anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of ginkgolic acids.
Moreover, the review only included articles written in the English language.

Results:

Several forms of ginkgolic acids, especially C13:0, C15:0 and C17:1, isolated from the
leaves of G. biloba exhibited cytotoxic activity against a variety of human cancers by suppressing
various pro-inflammatory signaling cascades and oncogenic transcription factors through multiple
modes of action in various in vitro and in vivo preclinical models. Ginkgolic acids have also been
reported to be potent post-translational small ubiquitin-related modifiers (SUMO)ylation inhibitors.

Conclusion:

In this review, we present updated information on the anti-inflammatory and anticancer
properties of ginkgolic acids both in vitro and in vivo. Although ginkgolic acids show significant
therapeutic potential in inflammatory and oncologic diseases, more investigations regarding
the safety and efficacy of these natural agents are warranted before the clinical transition.
Inactivation of Parathyroid Hormone: Perspectives of Drug Discovery to Combating Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Kumar Amit , Balbach Jochen
Published: February 2021

:

Hormonal coordination is tightly regulated within the human body and thus regulates human physiology. The parathyroid hormone (PTH), a member of the endocrine system, regulates the calcium and phosphate level within the human body. Under non-physiological conditions, PTH levels get upregulated (hyperparathyroidism) or downregulated (hypoparathyroidism) due to external or internal factors. In the case of hyperparathyroidism, elevated PTH stimulates cellular receptors present in the bones, kidneys, and intestines to increase the blood calcium level, leading to calcium deposition. This eventually causes various symptoms including kidney stones. Currently, there is no known medication that directly targets PTH in order to suppress its function. Therefore, it is of great interest to find novel small molecules or any other means that can modulate PTH function. The molecular signaling of PTH starts by binding of its N-terminus to the G-protein coupled PTH1/2 receptor. Therefore, any intervention that affects the N-terminus of PTH could be a lead candidate for treating hyperparathyroidism. As a proof-of-concept, there are various possibilities to inhibit molecular PTH function by (i) a small molecule, (ii) N-terminal PTH phosphorylation, (iii) fibril formation and (iv) residue-specific mutations. These modifications put PTH into an inactive state, which will be discussed in detail in this review article. We anticipate that exploring small molecules or other means that affect the N-terminus of PTH could be lead candidates in combating hyperparathyroidism.
A Salp Swarm Optimization for Dynamic Resource Management to
Improve Quality of Service in Cloud Computing and IoT Environment
Authors: Kumar Narander , Kumar Surendra
Published: February 2021

Background:

Cloud Computing can process and utilize efficient resources within a metered
premise. This feature is a significant research problem, giving great Quality-of-Services (QoS) to the clients
in cloud.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to confirm QoS with minimum resource utilization time and costs,
cloud service providers ought to receive self-versatile resource provisioning at each level. Various guidelines
and model-based methodologies have been proposed for the management of resources in cloud services.

Method:

In this research article, resource allocation is done using the Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), which
combines various VMs on a constrained Data Center with SLA and QoS factors.

Result:

Different existing optimization algorithms are available such as First Fit, Greedy Crow Search
(GCS) and Hybrid Crow Search algorithm (TSPCS). The combination of the Travelling Salesman Problem
(TSP) and Crow Search Algorithm (CSA) is more efficient than the Fist Fit, GCS, and TSPCS in terms of
the parameters such as resource utilization and response time. It is clearly shown that a user’s request takes
minimum time and maximum QoS when employing the SSA algorithm in cloud computing.

Conclusion:

The proposed mechanism is simulated on Cloudsim Simulator. The simulation results show
less migration time that improve the QoS and minimizes the energy consumption in a cloud and IoT environment.
Flexible, Piezoelectric Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Energy Harvesters
with Printed Electrodes for Wearable Applications
Authors: Nordin Anis Nurashikin , Suhaimi Muhammad Irsyad , Md Ralib Aliza Aini , Lim Lai Ming , Samsudin Zambri
Published: February 2021

Aims:

Recent advancements in sensing technology and wireless communications have accelerated the
development of the Internet of Things (IoT) which promote the usage of wearable sensors. An emerging trend is to
develop self-sustainable wearable devices, thus eliminating the necessity of the user to carry bulky batteries. In this work,
the development of a flexible piezoelectric energy harvester that is capable of harvesting energy from low frequency
vibrations is presented. The target application of this energy harvester is for usage in smart shoes.

Objectives:

The objectives of this research is to design, fabricate and test an energy harvester on PET substrate using
Aluminum Zinc Oxide as its piezoelectric layer.

Methods:

The energy harvester was designed as a cantilever structure using PET/AZO/Ag layers in d33 mode which can
generate large output voltages with small displacements. The electrodes were designed as an interdigitated structure in
which two significant design parameters were chosen, namely the effect of gap between electrodes, g and number of
interdigital electrodes (IDE) pairs, N to the output voltage and resonant frequency.

Results:

The sputtered AZO on PET showed c-axis orientation at 002 peak with 2 values of 34.45° which indicates
piezoelectric behaviour. The silver IDE pairs were screen-printed on the AZO thin film. Functionality of the device as an
energy harvester was demonstrated by testing it using a shaker. The energy harvester was capable of generating 0.867 Vrms
output voltage when actuated at 49.6 Hz vibrations.

Conclusion:

This indicates that the AZO thin films with printed silver electrodes can be used as flexible, d33 energy
harvesters.
Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine has no Effect on Postoperative Pain Scores for Posterior Spinal Fusion
Authors: Hong Rebecca A. , Leis Aleda , Weinberg James , Li G. Ying
Published: February 2021

Background:

Posterior Spinal Fusion (PSF) for idiopathic scoliosis results in severe postoperative pain. At our institution, a protocol for postoperative analgesia is followed, but anesthetic maintenance is decided by the anesthesiologist. Previous studies have shown that postoperative use of dexmedetomidine may improve analgesia for these patients, but the effect of intraoperative dexmedetomidine on postoperative pain scores remains unknown.

Purpose:

We sought to retrospectively compare pain scores from the Postoperative Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and from PACU discharge until midnight between PSF patients who did and did not receive intraoperative dexmedetomidine.

Methods:

After obtaining IRB approval, we retrospectively identified 79 patients aged 10-17 years who had undergone PSF for idiopathic scoliosis from June 2015-August 2018 and who received intrathecal morphine. Patients were then divided into two groups based on whether or not they received intraoperative dexmedetomidine. A multivariable linear regression model was constructed with the dependent variable of highest PACU pain score and exposure of interest intraoperative dexmedetomidine use. Secondary analyses were conducted similarly within those who received dexmedetomidine to examine the effects of dose on PACU pain scores, using a p-value < 0.05.

Results:

After adjusting for age, weight, sex, levels fused, intrathecal morphine, diazepam, and ketamine doses, there was no statistically significant difference in average PACU pain scores between those who did and did not receive intraoperative dexmedetomidine (β = -0.85, 95% CI: -2.48, 0.68; p = 0.31).

Conclusion:

Intraoperative use of dexmedetomidine during posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis appears to have no effect on postoperative pain scores.
instituciones-participativas en Suramérica ¿del optimismo al ocaso?
Authors:   Universidad de Seton Hall, USA, Goldfrank| Benjamin , Vásquez González Lorena ,   Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Colombia, Schneider Cecilia ,   Undav, Argentina, Rey Julieta ,   Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Ford Alberto ,   Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina, Lanza Butrón Jessica ,   Universidad Privada Boliviana, Bolivia, Tonella Celene ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brasil, Borges William Antônio ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brasil
Published: February 2021

Este libro empezó como un proyecto académico en el año 2017, a propósito del panel Participación ciudadana e innovaciones democráticas en el sur. Miradas y debates de tres décadas de experiencias, organizado en el marco del noveno Congreso Latinoamericano ALACIP celebrado en Uruguay. Allí coincidimos, entre otros, con los colegas Cecilia Schneider, Micaela Moreira, Jessica Lanza, Alejandra Marzuca y Alberto Ford. El panel nos permitió compartir el análisis de experiencias de innovación democrática –especialmente en el nivel local– en diversos países de América Latina, así como examinar el alcance de su implementación por parte de gobiernos locales de la región. A partir de los debates allí expuestos y las investigaciones presentadas decidimos continuar, por lo que extendimos la invitación a otros colegas con el objeto de preparar una publicación que reflejara las experiencias de participación ciudadana en diferentes capitales de Suramérica. Se unieron a este proyecto Julieta Rey, Celene Tonella y William Antônio Borges. La presente obra, fruto de un esfuerzo colectivo, incluye una colección de capítulos que revisan los procesos de democracia participativa en cuatro ciudades capitales de Suramérica: Bogotá, Buenos Aires, La Paz y Sao Paulo.
Preserved Inhibitory Control Deficits of Overweight Participants in a Gamified Stop-Signal Task: Experimental Study of Validity
Authors: Schroeder Philipp Alexander , Lohmann Johannes , Ninaus Manuel
Published: February 2021

Background

Gamification in mental health could increase training adherence, motivation, and transfer effects, but the external validity of gamified tasks is unclear. This study documents that gamified task variants can show preserved associations between markers of behavioral deficits and health-related variables. We draw on the inhibitory control deficit in overweight populations to investigate effects of gamification on performance measures in a web-based experimental task.

Objective

This study tested whether associations between inhibitory control and overweight were preserved in a gamified stop-signal task (SST).

Methods

Two versions of an adaptive SST were developed and tested in an online experiment. Participants (n=111) were randomized to 1 of the 2 task variants and completed a series of questionnaires along with either the gamified SST or a conventional SST. To maximize its possible effects on participants’ inhibitory control, the gamified SST included multiple game elements in addition to the task itself and the stimuli. Both variants drew on the identical core mechanics, but the gamified variant included an additional narrative, graphical theme, scoring system with visual and emotional feedback, and the presence of a companion character. In both tasks, food and neutral low-poly stimuli were classified based on their color tone (go trials), but responses were withheld in 25% of the trials (stop trials). Mean go reaction times and stop-signal reaction times (SSRT) were analyzed as measures of performance and inhibitory control.

Results

Participants in the gamified SST had longer reaction times (803 [SD 179] ms vs 607 [SD 90] ms) and worse inhibitory control (SSRT 383 [SD 109] ms vs 297 [SD 45] ms). The association of BMI with inhibitory control was relatively small (r=.155, 95% CI .013-.290). Overweight participants had longer reaction times (752 [SD 217] ms vs 672 [SD 137] ms) and SSRTs (363 [SD 116] ms vs 326 [SD 77] ms). Gamification did not interact with the effect of overweight on mean performance or inhibitory control. There were no effects of gamification on mood and user experience, despite a negative effect on perceived efficiency.

Conclusions

The detrimental effects of heightened BMI on inhibitory control were preserved in a gamified version of the SST. Overall, the effects of overweight were smaller than in previously published web-based and laboratory studies. Gamification elements can impact behavioral performance, but gamified tasks can still assess inhibitory control deficits. Although our results are promising, according validations may differ for other types of behavior, gamification, and health variables.
Development of a Novel Intervention (Mindful Steps) to Promote Long-Term Walking Behavior in Chronic Cardiopulmonary Disease: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Litrownik Daniel , Gilliam Elizabeth A , Wayne Peter M , Richardson Caroline R , Kadri Reema , Rist Pamela M , Moy Marilyn L , Yeh Gloria Y
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Despite current rehabilitation programs, long-term engagement in physical activity remains a significant challenge for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure (HF). Novel strategies to promote physical activity in these populations are greatly needed. Emerging literature on the benefits of both mind–body interventions and web-based interventions provide the rationale for the development of the Mindful Steps intervention for increasing walking behavior.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop a novel multimodal mind–body exercise intervention through adaptation of an existing web-based physical activity intervention and incorporation of mind–body exercise, and to pilot test the delivery of the new intervention, Mindful Steps, in a randomized controlled feasibility trial in older adults with COPD and/or HF.

METHODS

In phase 1, guided by a theoretical conceptual model and review of the literature on facilitators and barriers of physical activity in COPD and HF, we convened an expert panel of researchers, mind–body practitioners, and clinicians to inform development of the novel, multimodal intervention. In phase 2, we are conducting a pilot randomized controlled feasibility trial of the Mindful Steps intervention that includes in-person mind–body exercise classes, an educational website, online mind–body videos, and a pedometer with step-count feedback and goals to increase walking behavior in patients with COPD and/or HF. Outcomes include feasibility measures as well as patient-centered measures.

RESULTS

The study is currently ongoing. Phase 1 intervention development was completed in March 2019, and phase 2 data collection began in April 2019.

CONCLUSIONS

Through the integration of components from a web-based physical activity intervention and mind–body exercise, we created a novel, multimodal program to impact long-term physical activity engagement for individuals with COPD and HF. This developmental work and pilot study will provide valuable information needed to design a future clinical trial assessing efficacy of this multimodal approach.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03003780; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03003780

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/27826