Comparative study on discharge characteristics of low pressure CO<sub>2</sub> driven by sinusoidal AC voltage: DBD and bare electrode structure
Authors: Fu Qiang , Wang Cong , Wang Yu-Fei , Chang Zheng-Shi ,   School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China,   Linyi Power Supply Company, State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company, Linyi 276000, China
Published: March 2022

The low-pressure atmosphere rich in CO<sub>2</sub> (~95%) on Mars makes the <i>in-situ</i> resource utilization of Martian CO<sub>2</sub> and the improvement of oxidation attract widespread attention. It contributes to constructing the Mars base which will support the deep space exploration. Conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> based on high voltage discharge has the advantages of environmental friendliness, high efficiency and long service life. It has application potential in the <i>in-situ</i> conversion and utilization of Martian CO<sub>2</sub> resources. We simulate the CO<sub>2</sub> atmosphere of Mars where the pressure is fixed at 1 kPa and the temperature is maintained at room temperature. A comparative study is carried out on the discharge characteristics of two typical electrode structures (with/without barrier dielectric) driven by 20 kHz AC voltage. Combined with numerical simulations, the CO<sub>2</sub> discharge characteristics, products and their conversion pathways are analyzed. The results show that the discharge mode changes from single discharge during each half cycle into multi discharge pulses after adding the barrier dielectric. Each discharge pulse of the multi pulses corresponds to a random discharge channel, which is induced by the distorted electric field of accumulated charge on the dielectric surface and the space charge. The accumulated charge on the dielectric surface promotes the primary discharge and inhibits the secondary discharge. Space charge will be conducive to the occurrence of secondary discharge. The main products in discharge process include <inline-formula><tex-math id="Z-20220530120205">\begin{document}${\rm{CO}}^+_2 $\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="11-20220086_Z-20220530120205.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="11-20220086_Z-20220530120205.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, CO, O<sub>2</sub>, C, and O. Among the products, CO is produced mainly by the attachment decomposition reaction between energetic electrons and CO<sub>2</sub> at the boundary of cathode falling zone, and the contribution rate of the reaction can reach about 95%. The O<sub>2</sub> is generated mainly by the compound decomposition reaction between electrons and <inline-formula><tex-math id="Z-20220530120347">\begin{document}${\rm{CO}}^+_2 $\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="11-20220086_Z-20220530120347.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="11-20220086_Z-20220530120347.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula> near the instantaneous anode surface or instantaneous anode side dielectric surface, and the contribution rate of the reaction can reach about 98%. It is further found that the dielectric does not change the generation position nor dominant reaction pathway of the two main products, but will reduce the electron density from 5.6×10<sup>16</sup> m<sup>−3</sup> to 0.9×10<sup>16</sup> m<sup>−3</sup> and electron temperature from 17.2 eV to 11.7 eV at the boundary of the cathode falling region, resulting in the reduction of CO production. At the same time, the deposited power is reduced, resulting in insufficient <inline-formula><tex-math id="Z-20220530120420">\begin{document}$ {\rm{CO}}^+_2 $\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="11-20220086_Z-20220530120420.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="11-20220086_Z-20220530120420.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula> yield near the instantaneous anode surface and instantaneous anode side dielectric surface and further the decrease of O<sub>2</sub> generation.