bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Temperature Distribution Reconstruction in Furnace Based on Acoustic Tomography
Authors: Kong Qian , Jiang Genshan , Liu Yuechao , Sun Jianhao
Published: September 2019

3D temperature distribution measurement in a furnace based on acoustic tomography (AT) calculates temperature field through multipath acoustic time‐of‐flight (TOF) data. In this paper, a new 3D temperature field reconstruction model based on radial basis function approximation with polynomial reproduction (RBF‐PR) is proposed for solving the AT inverse problem. In addition, the modified reconstruction method that integrates the advantages of the TSVD and Tikhonov regularization methods is presented to reduce the sensitivity of noise on perturbations with the ill‐posed problems and improve the reconstruction quality (RQ). Numerical simulations are implemented to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed reconstruction method using different 3D temperature distribution models, which include the one‐peak symmetry distribution, one‐peak asymmetry distribution, and two‐peak symmetry distribution. To study the antinoise ability of our method, noises are added to the value of TOF. 3D display of reconstructed temperature fields and reconstruction errors is given. The results indicate that our model can reconstruct the temperature distribution with higher accuracy and better antinoise ability compared with the truncated generalized singular value decomposition (TGSVD). Besides that, the proposed method can determine the hot spot position with higher precision, and the temperature error of the hot spot is lower than the other compared methods.
A Three-Dimensional Guidance Logic for Continuous Curvature Path Following
Authors: Park Sungsu
Published: September 2019

A new simple and practical guidance logic is proposed for a vehicle to follow a general continuous curvature path defined in a three-dimensional space. The proposed guidance logic is formulated in such a way that the guidance law is to generate the command acceleration such that a vehicle pursues the designed moving virtual target, and this eventually makes a vehicle to follow a desired path. The position and velocity of the virtual target are specified explicitly by introducing the concept of the projection point and the tangentially receding distance. Numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the precise path-following capability of the proposed guidance logic.
Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, Control, and the Associated Factors of Diabetes in an Iranian Kurdish Population
Authors: Safari-Faramani Roya , Rajati Fatemeh , Tavakol Kamran , Hamzeh Behrooz , Pasdar Yahya , Moradinazar Mehdi , Najafi Farid
Published: September 2019

Aims. This study is aimed at estimating the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and glycemic control of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its associated factors in an Iranian Kurdish population. Methods. Baseline data of the Ravansar Non-communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study, consisting of adults aged 35-65 years, were used. Diabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 126 mg/dl or higher, being on diabetes medication, and/or diabetes confirmed by a health practitioner. Results. Nine thousand nine hundred ninety-nine participants were assigned to this study. The prevalence of DM, awareness, treatment, and glycemic control of DM were 8.19, 74.97, 74.75, and 32.68, respectively. Based on the adjusted models, increased age (p<0.01); obesity or overweight (p<0.01); being ex-smoker (p<0.05); suffering from dyslipidemia (p<0.01), hypertension (p<0.01), or both of them (p<0.01); and positive family history in the first-degree relatives (p<0.01) were strongly associated with a high risk of DM, while engagement in regular physical activity (p<0.05) was a protective factor. Female gender (p<0.01), being older than 55 years, positive family history in the first-degree relatives (p<0.01), suffering from both hypertension and dyslipidemia (p<0.01), and obesity or overweight (p<0.005) were negatively associated with DM awareness. Being married and widowed (p<0.05 and <0.05) and a high BMI (p<0.01) were strong predictors of receiving treatment for DM. Six to nine years of schooling (p<0.05) and suffering from hypertension (p<0.05) increased the probability of DM being controlled. Conclusions. When the prevalence of DM is notable, awareness and probability of receiving treatment and controlling FPG are of particular importance. A considerable proportion of the patients were aware and on treatment, which may partly be due to improving primary health care services in Iran.
Preclinical Modeling of DCD Class III Donation: Paving the Way for the Increased Use of This Challenging Donor Type
Authors: Soussi David , Rod Xavier , Thuillier Raphael , Leblanc Suzanne , Goujon Jean-Michel , Barrou Benoit , Hauet Thierry , Kerforne Thomas
Published: September 2019

Deceased after circulatory death (DCD) donors offer a viable solution to the current organ shortage, particularly the Maastricht Class III (arrest subsequent to cessation of life support in the hospital). Although current results from these donors are very satisfactory, the number of included donors is too low and future expansion of inclusion criteria will likely decrease organ quality, with negative consequences on the complication rate. This donor type thus represents a priority in terms of scientific exploration, so as to study it in controlled settings and prepare for future challenges. Hence, we mimicked the DCD Class III clinical conditions a Large White pig model. Herein, we detail the different strategies attempted to attain our objectives, including technical approaches such as animal positioning and ventilator settings, as well as pharmacological intervention to modulate blood pressure and heart rate. We highlight the best combination of factors to successfully reproduce DCD Class III conditions, with perfusion pressures and functional warm ischemia (hypoperfusion) closely resembling clinical situations. Finally, we detail the functional and histological impacts of these conditions. Such a model could be of critical value to explore novel management alternative for these donors, presenting a uniquely adapted platform for such therapeutics as normothermic regional circulation and/or pharmacological intervention.
Comparison of Real Response and Theoretical Modeling of Pavement with Thick Asphalt Layers under Heavy Traffic Load
Authors: Shan Jingsong , Shao Hongmei , Li Qiuzhong , Sun Peili
Published: September 2019

Two kinds of asphalt pavement with thick asphalt layers were used to construct two samples. In structure I, a semirigid base and graded crushed stone subbase were used. In structure II, a granular base and semirigid subbase layer were used. Responses of the two structures under traffic loads were measured using optical fiber sensors, and the differences between theoretical model results and field measurements were analyzed. Field measurements show that vertical compressive stress in structure I is larger than that in structure II. The maximum tensile strain of the asphalt layer is located at the bottom of the AC‐25C layer in structure I and at the bottom of the AC‐25F layer in structure II. The latter is significantly larger than the former, indicating the possibility of fatigue cracking induced by traffic load is higher in structure II. The measured tensile horizontal strain at the bottom of the semirigid layer is relatively low (<30εμ) in both structure I and structure II. In theoretical model, static modulus, dynamic modulus, and interface bonding ability are considered and theoretical responses are calculated. There are significant differences between the theoretical results and field test data. In the theoretic model, the material properties of layers and bonding status of adjacent layers all influence the results. In order to reduce the difference between the calculated and measured results, numerous material tests and field tests should be carried out.
Perception of Learning Assessment Methods by Students at the End of Their Initial Training at the Faculty of Dentistry of Casablanca
Authors: Benkirane L. , Hamza M. , Sbihi W. , Arabi El
Published: September 2019

Aim. To explore students’ perception of theoretical, preclinical, and clinical assessment methods and to analyze their level of satisfaction, with the final goal of getting out with recommendationsto improve the weaknesses identified.Material and Methods. A descriptive and transversal survey was carried out by a doctoral student in the Faculty of Dentistry of Casablanca on the perception of students, at the end of their initial training, of learning assessment methods.Results. 51.8% of surveyed students said they were not informed of the criteria to pass successfully the exams, 35.7% of students felt that integrating continuous assessment in addition to the final test would be beneficial for them, and 45.1% of them proposed a frequency of one assessment per month. According to them, this system will allow them to be up to date, to better manage time and knowledge, and to have feedback allowing them to check and improve their skills. Practical activities assessment systems are considered to be adequate by 92% of the surveyed students. Clinical internship assessment focused for the majority of students on the number of procedures.Conclusion. The assessment methods influence students’ learning. It allows teachers to monitor students’ productivity, their attitude, and their work quality, so the teacher can identify gaps in a timely manner at every level of the learning process. According to the students’ perception, the theoretical evaluation should be adapted to the learning objectives, the practical work is quite satisfactory, and the clinical evaluation is mainly based on quantitative criteria.
Effect of Variable Thermal Conductivity on the Generalized Thermoelasticity Problems in a Fiber-Reinforced Anisotropic Half-Space
Authors: Xiong Chun-Bao , Yu Li-Na , Niu Yan-Bo
Published: September 2019

Fiber-reinforced materials have widespread applications, which prompt the study of the effect of fiber reinforcement. Research studies have indicated that thermal conductivity cannot be considered as a constant, which is closely related to temperature change. Based on those studies, we investigate the fiber-reinforced generalized thermoelasticity problem under thermal stress, with the consideration of the effect of temperature-dependent variable thermal conductivity. The problem is assessed according to the L-S theory. A fiber-reinforced anisotropic half-space is selected as the research model, and a region of its surface is subjected to a transient thermal shock. The time-domain finite element method is applied to analyze the nonlinear problem and derives the governing equations. The nondimensional displacement, stress, and temperature of the material are obtained and illustrated graphically. The numerical results reveal that the variable conductivity significantly influences the distribution of the field quantities under the fiber-reinforced effect. And also, the boundary point of thermal shock is the most affected. The obtained results in this paper can be applied to design the fiber-reinforced anisotropic composites under thermal load to satisfy some particular engineering requirements.
Efficacy Comparison of Different Acupuncture Treatments for Primary Insomnia: A Bayesian Analysis
Authors: Xu Huachong , Shi Yucong , Xiao Yike , Liu Pei , Wu Sizhi , Pang Peng , Deng Li , Chen Xiaoyin
Published: September 2019

Background. Acupuncture treatments are used frequently in the treatment of primary insomnia considering its less side effect. However, most treatment choices are made just based on personal experience among different forms of acupuncture. This study compared the effectiveness of different forms of acupuncture for primary insomnia by using network meta-analysis.Methods. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture treatments for primary insomnia were searched in seven databases from the date of database inception to January 6, 2019, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, and VIP Chinese Science and Technique Journals (CQVIP) database. After screening, the effectiveness rate was extracted from the included RCTs as primary outcomes. The network meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3, Stata13.0, and GeMTC 0.14.3.Results. Forty-two studies were included, which contained 3304 participants among 6 interventions. Based on the ranking probability and compared to western medicine, scalp acupuncture (OR = 8.12, 95% CI (4.07,16.81)) is considered to be the most effective method, followed by electroacupuncture (OR = 6.29, 95% CI (3.36, 12.67)), electroacupuncture combined scalp acupuncture (OR = 5.20, 95% CI (2.43,11.28)), warm acupuncture (OR = 3.79, 95% CI (1.85,8.16)), and conventional acupuncture (OR = 2.86, 95% CI (2.05,3.95)). There was no significant difference between the results of direct and indirect comparisons.Conclusions. The finding indicated that five acupuncture methods may be all effective in the treatment of primary insomnia, and scalp acupuncture seems to be the best treatment. However, the overall quality of the included trials could only be ranked as medium to low quality, and higher quality RCTs are warranted for sufficient evidence.
Calculation of the Hinge Moments of a Folding Wing Aircraft during the Flight-Folding Process
Authors: Xu Hao , Han Jinglong , Yun Haiwei , Chen Xiaomao
Published: September 2019

A folding wing morphing aircraft should complete the folding and unfolding process of its wings while in flight. Calculating the hinge moments during the morphing process is a critical aspect of a folding wing design. Most previous studies on this problem have adopted steady-state or quasi-steady-state methods, which do not simulate the free-flying morphing process. In this study, we construct an aeroelastic flight simulation platform based on the secondary development of ADAMS software to simulate the flight-folding process of a folding wing aircraft. A flexible multibody dynamic model of the folding wing structure is established in ADAMS using modal neutral files, and the doublet lattice method is developed to generate aerodynamic influence coefficient matrices that are suitable for the flight-folding process. The user subroutine is utilized, aerodynamic loading is realized in ADAMS, and an aeroelastic flight simulation platform of a folding wing aircraft is built. On the basis of this platform, the flight-folding process of the aircraft is simulated, the hinge moments of the folding wings are calculated, and the influences of the folding rate and the aircraft’s center of gravity (c.g.) position on the results are investigated. Results show that the steady-state method is applicable to the slow folding process. For the fast folding process, the steady-state simulation errors of the hinge moments are substantially large, and a transient method is required to simulate the flight-folding process. In addition, the c.g. position considerably affects the hinge moments during the folding process. Given that the c.g. position moves aft, the maximum hinge moments of the inner and outer wings constantly increase.
Integrated Pan-Cancer Map of EBV-Associated Neoplasms Reveals Functional Host–Virus Interactions
Authors: Chakravorty Srishti , Yan Bingyu , Wang Chong , Wang Luopin , Quaid Joseph Taylor , Lin Chin Fang , Briggs Scott D. , Majumder Joydeb , Canaria D. Alejandro , Chauss Daniel , Chopra Gaurav , Olson Matthew R. , Zhao Bo , Afzali Behdad , Kazemian Majid
Published: September 2019

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a complex oncogenic symbiont. The molecular mechanisms governing EBV carcinogenesis remain elusive and the functional interactions between virus and host cells are incompletely defined. Here we present a comprehensive map of the host cell–pathogen interactome in EBV-associated cancers. We systematically analyzed RNA sequencing from >1,000 patients with 15 different cancer types, comparing virus and host factors of EBV+ to EBV− tissues. EBV preferentially integrated at highly accessible regions of the cancer genome, with significant enrichment in super-enhancer architecture. Twelve EBV transcripts, including LMP1 and LMP2, correlated inversely with EBV reactivation signature. Overexpression of these genes significantly suppressed viral reactivation, consistent with a “virostatic” function. In cancer samples, hundreds of novel frequent missense and nonsense variations in virostatic genes were identified, and variant genes failed to regulate their viral and cellular targets in cancer. For example, one-third of patients with EBV+ NK/T-cell lymphoma carried two novel nonsense variants (Q322X, G342X) of LMP1 and both variant proteins failed to restrict viral reactivation, confirming loss of virostatic function. Host cell transcriptional changes in response to EBV infection classified tumors into two molecular subtypes based on patterns of IFN signature genes and immune checkpoint markers, such as PD-L1 and IDO1. Overall, these findings uncover novel points of interaction between a common oncovirus and the human genome and identify novel regulatory nodes and druggable targets for individualized EBV and cancer-specific therapies.

Significance:

This study provides a comprehensive map of the host cell-pathogen interactome in EBV+ malignancies.

See related commentary by Mbulaiteye and Prokunina-Olsson, p. 5917
TP53 Pathway Alterations Drive Radioresistance in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas (DIPG)
Authors: Werbrouck Coralie , Evangelista Cláudia C.S. , Lobón-Iglesias María-Jesús , Barret Emilie , Le Teuff Gwénaël , Merlevede Jane , Brusini Romain , Kergrohen Thomas , Mondini Michele , Bolle Stéphanie , Varlet Pascale , Beccaria Kevin , Boddaert Nathalie , Puget Stéphanie , Grill Jacques , Debily Marie-Anne , Castel David
Published: September 2019

Purpose:

Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) are the most severe pediatric brain tumors. Although accepted as the standard therapeutic, radiotherapy is only efficient transiently and not even in every patient. The goal of the study was to identify the underlying molecular determinants of response to radiotherapy in DIPG.

Experimental Design:

We assessed in vitro response to ionizing radiations in 13 different DIPG cellular models derived from treatment-naïve stereotactic biopsies reflecting the genotype variability encountered in patients at diagnosis and correlated it to their principal molecular alterations. Clinical and radiologic response to radiotherapy of a large cohort of 73 DIPG was analyzed according to their genotype. Using a kinome-wide synthetic lethality RNAi screen, we further identified target genes that can sensitize DIPG cells to ionizing radiations.

Results:

We uncover TP53 mutation as the main driver of increased radioresistance and validated this finding in four isogenic pairs of TP53WT DIPG cells with or without TP53 knockdown. In an integrated clinical, radiological, and molecular study, we show that TP53MUT DIPG patients respond less to irradiation, relapse earlier after radiotherapy, and have a worse prognosis than their TP53WT counterparts. Finally, a kinome-wide synthetic lethality RNAi screen identifies CHK1 as a potential target, whose inhibition increases response to radiation specifically in TP53MUT cells.

Conclusions:

Here, we demonstrate that TP53 mutations are driving DIPG radioresistance both in patients and corresponding cellular models. We suggest alternative treatment strategies to mitigate radioresistance with CHK1 inhibitors. These findings will allow to consequently refine radiotherapy schedules in DIPG.
Phase I Study of a CD45-Targeted Antibody–Radionuclide Conjugate for High-Risk Lymphoma
Authors: Cassaday Ryan D. , Press Oliver W. , Pagel John M. , Rajendran Joseph G. , Gooley Ted A. , Fisher Darrell R. , Holmberg Leona A. , Miyaoka Robert S. , Sandmaier Brenda M. , Green Damian J. , Gopal Ajay K.
Published: September 2019

Purpose:

External-beam radiation is the single most effective therapy for localized lymphoma. However, toxicity limits its use for multifocal disease. We evaluated CD45 as a therapeutic target for an antibody–radionuclide conjugate (ARC) for the treatment of lymphoma based on its ubiquitous expression, infrequent antigen loss or blockade, and the ability to target minimal disease based on panhematopoietic expression.

Patients and Methods:

We performed a phase I trial of escalating doses of single-agent CD45-targeted ARC based on per-patient dosimetry using the BC8 antibody labeled with iodine-131 (131I) followed by autologous stem cell support in adults with relapsed, refractory, or high-risk B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), T-cell NHL (T-NHL), or Hodgkin lymphoma. The primary objective was to estimate the maximum tolerated radiation absorbed dose.

Results:

Sixteen patients were enrolled: 7 patients had B-NHL, 6 had Hodgkin lymphoma, and 3 had T-NHL. Median number of prior therapies was three (range: 2–12). Absorbed doses up to 32 Gy to liver were delivered. No dose-limiting toxicities occurred. Nonhematologic toxicity was infrequent and manageable. Objective responses were seen across histologies. Fourteen patients had measurable disease at enrollment, 57% of whom achieved complete remission (CR), including all 3 with T-NHL. Three patients with B-NHL treated among the highest dose levels (26–32 Gy) remain in CR without subsequent therapy 35–41 months later.

Conclusions:

CD45-targeted ARC therapy is well-tolerated at doses up to at least 32 Gy to the liver. Objective responses and long-term remissions were observed in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma. These data validate continued evaluation of anti-CD45 ARCs in lymphoma.
Tobacco Treatment Program Implementation at NCI Cancer Centers: Progress of the NCI Cancer Moonshot-Funded Cancer Center Cessation Initiative
Authors: D'Angelo Heather , Rolland Betsy , Adsit Robert , Baker Timothy B. , Rosenblum Marika , Pauk Danielle , Morgan Glen D. , Fiore Michael C.
Published: September 2019

Quitting smoking leads to improved outcomes for patients with cancer, yet too few patients receive cessation services during their oncology healthcare visits. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) dedicated Cancer Moonshot funding for NCI-Designated Cancer Centers to develop a population-based approach to reach all patients who smoke with tobacco treatment services. As a result, the Cancer Center Cessation Initiative (C3I) offers an unparalleled opportunity to identify effective implementation strategies and barriers to delivering tobacco treatment services across multiple clinical oncology settings. Over one year after receiving funding, the first cohort of C3I funded Centers demonstrated progress in hiring tobacco treatment specialists, adding new tobacco treatment programs, and integrating EHR-based tobacco treatment referrals. However, tobacco treatment program reach remains low in some settings, even using a broad definition of patient engagement. Centers identified implementation challenges related to staff training needs, devising new clinical workflows, and engagement of IT leadership. Understanding implementation challenges may help other clinical oncology settings effectively implement tobacco treatment programs, leading to improved cancer outcomes by helping patients quit smoking.
Two Novel Mutations Cause Hereditary Antithrombin Deficiency in a Chinese Family
Authors: Zhang Haiyue , Liu Siqi , Luo Shasha , Jin Yanhui , Yang Lihong , Xie Haixiao , Pan Jingye , Wang Mingshan
Published: September 2019

Objective: To study the molecular basis of hereditary antithrombin (AT) deficiency in a Chinese family. It will help us understand the pathogenesis of this type of disease. Method: AT activity (AT:A) and the AT antigen (AT:Ag) level were tested by chromogenic substrate and immunoturbidimetry, respectively. To identify the novel mutations, SERPINC1 gene sequencing was carried out. The possible impact of the mutations was analyzed by model and bioinformatic analyses. Results: AT:A and the AT:Ag level of the proband were 43% and 113 mg/L (normal range: 98–119% and 250–360 mg/L), respectively. Sequencing analysis revealed compound heterozygous mutations, including a frameshift mutation (c.318_319insT) resulting in Asn75stop and a missense mutation (c.922G>T) resulting in Gly276Cys. The bioinformatic and model analyses indicated that these mutations may disrupt the function and structure of the AT protein. Conclusion: We detected 2 novel heterozygous mutations (c.318_319insT and c.922G>T) in the proband, and these were associated with decreased AT:A.
Coronary Artery Disease Assessed by Computed Tomography in Patients with Psoriasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kaiser Hannah , Abdulla Jawdat , Henningsen Kristoffer M.A. , Skov Lone , Hansen Peter Riis
Published: September 2019

Background: Patients with psoriasis have an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) but data on coronary calcium score (CCS) and cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) are inconsistent. Objectives: The present study quantitatively summarizes the literature data on the prevalence and burden of CAD in patients with psoriasis compared with controls using CCS and CCTA. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. The search included all studies examining CAD prevalence and burden detected by CCS with or without CCTA in patients with psoriasis without prior CAD compared with controls, between the year 2000 and May 30, 2018. Results: Fourteen eligible studies provided data on 1,427 patients with psoriasis and 9,670 controls. Pooled data provided the estimated risk ratio (RR) of CAD and weighted mean differences of CCS in psoriasis patients versus controls. Meta-analysis of the prevalence and burden of CCS showed that patients with psoriasis had an increased risk of CAD (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04–1.26; p = 0.004), and for more severe CAD (CCS >100) the risk was further increased (RR 1.71, 95% CI 1.28–2.30; p < 0.001) compared with controls. Weighted mean difference for CCS was significantly higher in patients with psoriasis (12.74, 95% CI 10.70–14.78; p < 0.001). The risk of high-risk coronary plaques identified by CCTA was also significantly higher in psoriasis patients compared with controls (RR 1.77, 95% CI 1.37–2.28; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Patients with psoriasis have a higher prevalence of subclinical CAD, a higher burden of the disease, and more high-risk coronary plaques compared with controls without psoriasis.
A Smartphone-Based Weber Test May Discriminate between a Conductive and a Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Ungar Omer J. , Handzel Ophir , Cavel Oren , Oron Yahav
Published: September 2019

Objective: The aim of this paper was to compare the accuracy of a smartphone-based Weber test (SPWT) with the traditional tuning fork Weber test (TFWT) in identifying and differentiating between sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and conductive hearing loss (CHL). Study Design: We conducted a prospective, noncontrolled clinical study. Methods: Sixty patients referred to the emergency department due to unilateral hearing loss (HL) were enrolled. They were asked to press a single uncovered smartphone on their forehead and conduct a Weber test by means of the smartphone’s vibration application. The results were compared to the TFWT. Results: Twenty-six (43%) patients were diagnosed with a SNHL, and 34 (57%) with a CHL. The SPWT was in agreement with the TFWT (at a frequency of 512 Hz) in 55 (92%) patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the TFWT were 84.6 and 94.1%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the SPWT were 76.9 and 97.1%, respectively. Conclusion: SPWT can serve as an auxiliary diagnostic tool in the absence of a 512-Hz tuning fork to assist in the identification of the type of HL and to potentially hasten the diagnosis and provision of treatment when indicated.
The Potential to Source a Patient’s Imaginative Powers in Treating Cancer: Illustrated in Three Cases
Authors: Roesch Martin
Published: September 2019

Background: The imaginative power of a human patient has the big advantage of sourcing his/her own depth leading to first-hand experiencing. Such experiences have a potential to make a deep impact that can be instrumental to the process of healing. Successful healing is almost inevitably linked to new recognitions and perceptions, changes in attitudes or changes in lifestyle. Therapists in charge may find that they cannot exert direct control over this process but nevertheless, there is a big inherent potential to such processes as a truly complementary approach to clinical oncology. Case Reports: Going by the characteristic of the matter, it seems impossible to conduct randomized trials; rather, we have to learn from the very individual experiences and try to find common traits. Hence, in this contribution, it is “just” three cases that are presented: patients with a pancreatic tumor, lung metastasis, and a colon carcinoma. Still, the same objectives of evaluation criteria as in any conventional clinical trial, namely overall survival and quality of life, are followed here. The presented cases are set against expected outcomes of the guideline-oriented therapy options. Conclusion: Quality of life has improved in all three cases, expected overall survival extended in one case, the second is still to be verified. Certainly beneficially, however, is the ratio of effect to – in these cases – no negative side effects.
Apolipoprotein L1 Testing in African Americans: Involving the Community in Policy Discussions
Authors: Young Bessie A. , Blacksher Erika , Cavanaugh Kerri L. , Freedman Barry I. , Fullerton Stephanie M. , Kopp Jeffrey B. , Umeukeje Ebele M. , West Kathleen M. , Wilson James G. , Burke Wylie ,   APOL1 Stakeholders Project
Published: September 2019

Background: Apolipoprotein A1 (APOL1) gene variants occurring in people of West African descent contribute to the greater burden of kidney disease among African Americans. These variants are associated with increased risk of nondiabetic nephropathy, more rapid progression of chronic kidney disease, and shorter survival of donor kidneys after transplantation. However, only a minority of people with APOL1-associated risk develops kidney disease and specific clinical measures to address APOL1-associated risk are lacking. Given these uncertainties, we sought to engage members of the African American public in discussions with other stakeholders about the appropriate use of APOL1 testing. Methods: Formative interviews with community members, researchers, and clinicians in Seattle WA, Nashville TN, and Jackson MS, provided baseline information about views toward APOL1 testing and informed the design of 3 community-based deliberations among African Americans. A national meeting held in March 2018 included 13 community members, 7 scientific advisors and 26 additional researchers, clinicians, bioethicists, patient advocates, and representatives from professional organizations and federal funding agencies. Using small break-out and plenary discussion, the group agreed on recommendations based on current knowledge about APOL1-associated risk. Results: Meeting outcomes included recommendations to develop educational materials about APOL1 for community members and clinicians; to offer APOL1 research results to participants; and on the use of APOL1testing in kidney transplant programs. The group recommended against the routine offer of APOL1 testing in clinical care. Areas of disagreement included whether kidney transplant programs should require APOL1 testing of prospective living donors or bar individuals with APOL1 risk from donating kidneys and whether testing should be available on request in routine clinical care. Conclusion: We recommend continued discussion among stakeholders and concerted efforts to ensure active and informed participation of members of the affected community to guide research on APOL1 and kidney disease.
Refusal to Take Sick Leave after Being Diagnosed with a Communicable Disease as an Estimate of the Phenomenon of Presenteeism in Poland
Authors: Mikos Marcin , Juszczyk Grzegorz , Czerw Aleksandra , Strzępek Łukasz , Banaś Tomasz , Cipora Elżbieta , Deptała Andrzej , Badowska-Kozakiewicz Anna
Published: September 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of presenteeism in patients with communicable diseases in Poland. Subject and Methods: This study was based on data from the medical records of 2,529 patients aged 19–64 years. All of the patients were diagnosed with communicable diseases. The inclusion criteria were based on implementing decision concerning communicable diseases made by the Commission of the European Union. Associations between refusal to take sick leave and patients’ age, gender, and diagnosis in terms of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) were tested. Linear regression analysis of the data acquired from the patients who agreed to take sick leave was further used to estimate the possible length of sick leave in patients who refused to take it. Results: The number of patients who refused to take sick leave was 18.1%. The presenteeism rate was related to the age of patients (periods of sick leave were longer in older patients) and the ICD-10 diagnosis (largely in bacterial intestinal infections and measles). The estimated number of days spent on sick leave in patients who refused to take it, assuming that they made a different decision and complied with it, was in the range of 4–6 days. Conclusion: The prevalence of presenteeism in the case of communicable diseases in Poland is lower than in the general population. However, as the refusals to take sick leave took place in the case of potentially contagious diseases, the negative impact on productivity may be significant.
KIMVN teatro documental
Authors: Souza Carla Dameane Pereira
Published: September 2019

Neste artigo são apresentadas reflexões sobre o KIMVN, companhia multidisciplinária e autônoma que, no Chile, se dedica a processos criativos atravessados por questões políticas e históricas relacionadas ao passado e ao presente dos Mapuche. A partir de uma análise de Ñuke: una mirada íntima hacia la resistencia Mapuche (2016), ressalta-se a relação de sua dramaturgia com o espaço – a Ruka, a fim de demonstrar que se trata de uma estética que responde às radicalizações políticas permantemente direcionadas contra a sobrevivência e os modos de existência dos Mapuche. O quadro teórico constitui-se por estudos sobre o teatro chileno, ressaltando-se trabalhos sobre a representação de indígenas, bibliografias sobre a história dos Mapuche e escritos de Paula González Seguel (2018), gestora e diretora do KIMVN.
Entrevista com Tin Urbinatti - O teatro universitário da década de 1970
Authors: Carbone Roberta , Cosmo Matheus
Published: September 2019

Entrevista realizada em 12 de julho de 2018, por Matheus Cosmo e Roberta Carbone.
Association Between Use of Primary-Prevention Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators and Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Schrage Benedikt , Uijl Alicia , Benson Lina , Westermann Dirk , Ståhlberg Marcus , Stolfo Davide , Dahlström Ulf , Linde Cecilia , Braunschweig Frieder , Savarese Gianluigi
Published: September 2019

Background:

Most randomized trials on implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) use for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction enrolled patients >20 years ago. We investigated the association between ICD use and all-cause mortality in a contemporary heart failure with reduced ejection fraction cohort and examined relevant subgroups.

Methods:

Patients from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry fulfilling the European Society of Cardiology criteria for primary-prevention ICD were included. The association between ICD use and 1-year and 5-year all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality was assessed by Cox regression models in a 1:1 propensity score–matched cohort and in prespecified subgroups.

Results:

Of 16 702 eligible patients, only 1599 (10%) had an ICD. After matching, 1305 ICD recipients were compared with 1305 nonrecipients. ICD use was associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality risk within 1 year (hazard ratio, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.60–0.90]) and 5 years (hazard ratio, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.78–0.99]). Results were consistent in all subgroups including patients with versus without ischemic heart disease, men versus women, those aged <75 versus ≥75 years, those with earlier versus later enrollment in the Swedish heart failure registry, and patients with versus without cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Conclusions:

In a contemporary heart failure with reduced ejection fraction population, ICD for primary prevention was underused, although it was associated with reduced short- and long-term all-cause mortality. This association was consistent across all the investigated subgroups. These results call for better implementation of ICD therapy.
Dietary Effects on Dahl Salt-Sensitive Hypertension, Renal Damage, and the T Lymphocyte Transcriptome
Authors: Abais-Battad Justine M. , Alsheikh Ammar J. , Pan Xiaoqing , Fehrenbach Daniel J. , Dasinger John Henry , Lund Hayley , Roberts Michelle L. , Kriegel Alison J. , Cowley Allen W. , Kidambi Srividya , Kotchen Theodore A. , Liu Pengyuan , Liang Mingyu , Mattson David L.
Published: September 2019

The Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rat is an established model of SS hypertension and renal damage. In addition to salt, other dietary components were shown to be important determinants of hypertension in SS rats. With previous work eliminating the involvement of genetic differences, grain-fed SS rats from Charles River Laboratories (SS/CRL; 5L2F/5L79) were less susceptible to salt-induced hypertension and renal damage compared with purified diet-fed SS rats bred at the Medical College of Wisconsin (SS/MCW; 0.4% NaCl, AIN-76A). With the known role of immunity in hypertension, the present study characterized the immune cells infiltrating SS/MCW and SS/CRL kidneys via flow cytometry and RNA sequencing in T-cells isolated from the blood and kidneys of rats maintained on their respective parental diet or on 3 weeks of high salt (4.0% NaCl, AIN-76A). SS/CRL rats were protected from salt-induced hypertension (116.5±1.2 versus 141.9±14.4 mm Hg), albuminuria (21.7±3.5 versus 162.9±22.2 mg/d), and renal immune cell infiltration compared with SS/MCW. RNA-seq revealed >50% of all annotated genes in the entire transcriptome to be significantly differentially expressed in T-cells isolated from blood versus kidney, regardless of colony or chow. Pathway analysis of significantly differentially expressed genes between low and high salt conditions demonstrated changes related to inflammation in SS/MCW renal T-cells compared with metabolism-related pathways in SS/CRL renal T-cells. These functional and transcriptomic T-cell differences between SS/MCW and SS/CRL show that dietary components in addition to salt may influence immunity and the infiltration of immune cells into the kidney, ultimately impacting susceptibility to salt-induced hypertension and renal damage.
Epigenetic Modulation in the Initiation and Progression of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Cheng Xinyu , Wang Yu , Du Lizhong
Published: September 2019

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe disease with multiple etiologies. In addition to genetics, recent studies have revealed the epigenetic modulation in the initiation and progression of PH. In this review, we summarize the epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of PH, specifically, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs. We further emphasize the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of these epigenetic hallmarks in PH. Finally, we highlight the developmental reprogramming in adult-onset PH because of adverse perinatal exposures such as intrauterine growth restriction and extrauterine growth restriction. Therefore, epigenetic modifications provide promise for the therapy and prevention of PH.
Clinical Outcomes of 1625 Patients With Primary Aldosteronism Subtyped With Adrenal Vein Sampling
Authors: Rossi Gian Paolo , Rossitto Giacomo , Amar Laurence , Azizi Michel , Riester Anna , Reincke Martin , Degenhart Christoph , Widimsky Jiri , Naruse Mitsuhide , Deinum Jaap , Schultze Kool Leo , Kocjan Tomaz , Negro Aurelio , Rossi Ermanno , Kline Gregory , Tanabe Akiyo , Satoh Fumitoshi , Christian Rump Lars , Vonend Oliver , Willenberg Holger S. , Fuller Peter J. , Yang Jun , Chee Nicholas Yong Nian , Magill Steven B. , Shafigullina Zulfiya , Quinkler Marcus , Oliveras Anna , Dun Wu Kwan , Wu Vin-Cent , Kratka Zusana , Barbiero Giulio , Battistel Michele , Chang Chin-Chen , Vanderriele Paul-Emmanuel , Pessina Achille C.
Published: September 2019

We sought to measure the clinical benefits of adrenal venous sampling (AVS), a test recommended by guidelines for primary aldosteronism (PA) patients seeking surgical cure, in a large registry of PA patients submitted to AVS. Data of 1625 consecutive patients submitted to AVS in 19 tertiary referral centers located in Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America were collected in a large multicenter international registry. The primary end points were the rate of bilateral success, ascertained lateralization of PA, adrenalectomy, and of cured arterial hypertension among AVS-guided and non AVS-guided adrenalectomy patients.

AVS was successful in 80.1% of all cases but allowed identification of unilateral PA in only 45.5% by the criteria in use at each center. Adrenalectomy was performed in 41.8% of all patients and cured arterial hypertension in 19.6% of the patients, 2-fold more frequently in women than men (
P
<0.001). When AVS-guided, surgery provided a higher rate of cure of hypertension than when non-AVS-guided (40.0% versus 30.5%;
P
=0.027). Compared with surgical cases, patients treated medically needed more antihypertensive medications (
P
<0.001) and exhibited a higher rate of persistent hypokalemia requiring potassium supplementation (4.9% versus 2.3%;
P
<0.01).

The low rate of adrenalectomy and cure of hypertension in PA patients seeking surgical cure indicates suboptimal AVS use, possibly related to issues in patient selection, technical success, and AVS data interpretation. Given the better outcomes of AVS-guided adrenalectomy, these results call for actions to improve the diagnostic use of this test that is necessary for detection of surgical PA candidates.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01234220.
The Respect for Fundamental Human Rights in the Fight against Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling across the Central Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Salvadego Laura
Published: September 2019

This study analyzes counter-smuggling and counter-trafficking operations carried out in the Mediterranean, mainly focusing on the EU operations Sophia and Themis. The purpose is to assess a number of issues linked with naval operations from a human rights perspective. These issues include the applicable law, the exercise of criminal jurisdiction over smugglers and traffickers, national strategies of coastal States as regards migration control policy and, finally, international responsibility for human rights violations perpetrated in connection with these operations. Although the study is primarily aimed at both Ph.D students and legal scholars specialized in the field, it also seeks to provide insights that may be of guidance to NGOs, legal practitioners and legislators within the EU and its Member States.
Popular Music in Choir: Helping Students “Find Their Voices”
Authors: Kastner Julie Derges , Menon Saleel
Published: September 2019

Despite renewed interest in a cappella singing in mainstream culture, there are relatively few opportunities for vocal students to participate in popular music in choir, especially while using the learning processes of real-world musicians. In this article, we describe possibilities for using popular music to support singing with good technique, developing music literacy, and exposing students to new repertoire. Additionally, we explore how choir teachers can incorporate popular music into their classes using student-led creative projects as well as how they can develop parameters and scaffolding to help facilitate students’ learning in these activities. Finally, we include practical strategies for choir teachers at any level and describe how these projects have helped our students “find their voices” by developing their musicianship and expressing their creativity.
External Auditor Responses to Tax Risk
Authors: Abernathy John L. , Finley Andrew R. , Rapley Eric T. , Stekelberg James
Published: September 2019

Both practitioners and academics are increasingly focusing their attention on the riskiness of firms’ tax planning activities. In this study, we examine how external auditors respond to tax risk, measured using the volatility of firms’ annual cash and GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) effective tax rates. Consistent with the notion that tax risk represents a source of engagement risk that is priced by external auditors, we first document a positive association between audit fees and tax risk incremental to fee premiums arising from tax aggressiveness. We also find that knowledge spillover benefits related to the provision of tax nonaudit services moderate this positive association. In supplemental tests, we provide evidence on additional auditor responses to tax risk. In particular, we document that tax risk is positively associated with both audit report lag and the likelihood of the auditor reporting a tax-related material weakness in the client’s internal controls. Our findings add to the growing literature at the intersection of corporate taxation and auditing, and to the literature distinguishing between the level and riskiness of firms’ tax avoidance strategies.
Prevent-Teach-Reinforce: Addressing Problem Behaviors of Students with Autism in General Education Classrooms
Authors: Strain Phillip S. , Wilson Kelly , Dunlap Glen
Published: September 2019

Children with autism and other disabilities are often prohibited from participating in inclusive educational environments due to the occurrence of problem behaviors. In this study, a standardized model for individualizing procedures of behavior support, Prevent–Teach–Reinforce (PTR), was evaluated in general education settings with three elementary school students with autism spectrum disorders and serious problem behaviors. A multiple baseline across students design was used to test the effects of PTR on the occurrence of problem behaviors and academic engagement. Results indicated that problem behaviors were reduced and engagement was increased for all of the participants. The findings are discussed in relation to the importance and the challenges of implementation fidelity and effective behavior support in general education settings.