bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relational analysis of the international commercial court and international arbitration to improve the legal environment for resolving international business disputes
Authors: Saito Akira
Published: April 2021

Business is becoming more and more globalised, resulting in increased competitiveness, which drives down prices and provides a greater variety of choice for consumers. However, there are also challenges presented by the globalisation of businesses and international commercial courts
across the globe exist to navigate these issues. Globalised businesses are subject to the legal judgements of the country in which they are based, as well as the legal judgements of the countries in which they operate. Therefore, the presence of international commercial courts is crucial for
promoting the use of international arbitration and international alternative dispute resolutions (ADR), in which disputes are resolved outside of court. Professor Akira Saito, Graduate School of Law, Kobe University, Japan, is exploring the relationship between international commercial courts
and international arbitration with the goal of improving the legal environment in different countries and resolving international business disputes. Discussions with his mentor, Professor Oliver Williamson, University of California, led Saito to this project, which is an interdisciplinary
study of law that is seeking to develop the next generation of lawyers and business people with a well-rounded perspective of the legal system and the ability to utilise it in a manner that helps develop business activities.
Establishment of data-driven statistical tourism science and demonstration of its effectiveness
Authors: Tsuda Hiroshi
Published: April 2021

Tourism is an invaluable industry for many countries for many reasons, including the jobs and incomes it provides and the benefits to the economy. Tourism is of particular importance in Japan where the country is working towards a national growth strategy. Measures implemented by the
Japanese Government to promote tourism have seen success in this area but the Covid-19 pandemic has presented challenges. Professor Hiroshi Tsuda, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Doshisha University, Japan, is working on research surrounding the establishment of data-driven statistical
tourism science and the demonstration of its effectiveness in order to overcome these challenges. The goal of his current work is to help tourist destinations, tourist facilities and lodging facilities to achieve management sustainability, ultimately sustainably revitalising Japan's tourism
industry. The innovative methodologies that Tsuda and the team are using in their work are big data analytical methods combined with explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) technology. XAI technology is an AI programmed to explain its decision-making process in a way that can be understood
by humans, thereby ensuring the decision-making process is fair. Using XAI technology, the team will develop a tourist support system that can make valuable predictions. The researchers are also facilitating the creation of a new field called 'human and design social science', which could
prove beneficial in policy and management science.
Empirical study of Brazilian diaspora religious practice in Spain
Authors: Yamada Masanobu
Published: April 2021

Globalisation is inextricably linked to capitalism. One reality of an increasingly globalised world is that cultural diversity and differences are at the forefront of governmental policy in countries around the world. This places renewed emphasis on the concept of 'other' and creates
disharmony within society. However, the future of humankind depends on appreciating and accepting diversity and forging connections. For Masanobu Yamada, Department of Area Studies, Faculty of International Studies, Tenri University, Japan, such connections can be achieved through religion,
which can provide security, a sense of belonging and cultural connections. Yamada is interested in religious studies and is investigating how religion can transcend national borders and create a sense of community. Key to Yamada's research is religions that were formed in Japan and later expanded
into Latin America, and religions that were disseminated by Brazilian immigrants in Japan and Europe, with cultural activities propagating from the region of origin and moving across global borders. Yamada has also discovered instances where the beliefs being propagated by people on the move
have also been promoted by people remaining in their home country. He is interested in unravelling institutional-level dynamism and believer-led dynamics. He is keen to explore the transformations experienced by people who emigrated abroad and their family and friends who remained in Brazil,
with a focus on connections through religious values and how this contributed to the creation of a new culture.
Class design and evaluation that promotes learners' thinking, judgment, expression and ability to learn
Authors: Izumi Emiko , Naganuma Naoyuki , Allen-Tamai Mitsue
Published: April 2021

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) and the European Language Portfolio (ELP) are effective in facilitating the learning of foreign languages. Professor Emiko Izumi, Graduate School of Education, Kwansei Gakuin University, Japan, is seeking to enhance motivation
for foreign language learning among children and students using language activities and a can-do evaluation scale that facilitates self-efficacy and autonomy. The plan is for the effectiveness of the evaluation scale to be quantitatively and qualitatively verified. The can-do evaluation scale
was developed by a team of 14 researchers and teachers with various specialities, including Professor Naoyuki Naganuma, an expert in language learning motivation and language testing theory, and Professor Mitsue Allen-Tamai, who has extensive experience in English education as a university
teacher and has also taught English to toddlers and children. The evaluation scale is designed to be user orientated and help develop a set of performance-related scales. The team has developed can-do lists primarily concerned with a language proficiency scale for use in elementary school
English. The researchers want individuals to conceptualise their personal goals in order that they can be motivated and their progress can be visualised. Classroom activities and evaluation are designed to encourage children's learning, support the learning process, foster autonomy, and promotes
learners' ability to think, judge, express and learn.
Diversity in the relationship between low and upland society in mountainous Southeast Asia
Authors: Tomita Shinsuke
Published: April 2021

The mountainous areas of mainland Southeast Asia have been an area of interest for researchers for decades. The mountains are located in a region that stretches out to the southern and western parts of China and encompasses different ethnic groups, forming a unique political, historical,
social and cultural space. Associate Professor Shinsuke Tomita, Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Nagoya University, Japan, is exploring the relationship between lowland and upland society in mountainous Southeast Asia, as well as investigating how agricultural productivity can be understood
in the context of culture and society. In previous studies, researchers have surmised that interactions between the two societies are one of the key drivers behind the region's formation. An example of this is wet rice farming, which is regarded as the source of political power of the chieftains
of the region due to its higher agricultural productivity. As such, researchers have been prompted to better understand the political power derived from wet rice farming and rethink lowland and upland relationships. From a case study in northern Laos, Tomita and the team shed light on relationships
that cannot be explained by agricultural productivity. The researchers have also unearthed interesting findings relating to the power of the chieftain, including that the wet rice fields owned by the chieftain are not necessarily larger than other villagers and the power of the chieftain is
likely unstable.
Mitigating the impact of resettlement caused by infrastructure developments
Authors: Fujikura Ryo
Published: April 2021

In developing countries, mass relocation caused by infrastructure projects such as the construction of large dams wreaks untold havoc on peoples' lives. Although such projects can be beneficial for economies in the long run, they naturally require large areas of land. This means that
people are forced to move and these people are entitled to compensation. In order to mitigate the impact of resettlement and enable those who have been displaced to resume their lives, and even thrive, it is important to establish an understanding of the factors and outcomes present in relocations.
This is particularly pressing given that as the need for more hydropower and water resources is on the rise due to a growing need for solutions to mitigate climate change and to meet growing food demend, more and more land is required to support this and more and more people are therefore
being displaced. Professor Ryo Fujikura, Faculty of Sustainability Studies, Hosei University, Japan, is working to help develop policies and systems for resettling displaced people. For 13 years, he worked with people who have been displaced, recording their experiences and the outcomes from
resettlements and he is now using this experience to provide guidance for future infrastructure projects. His research tends to target people who have been resettled for more than 20 years, as the process of resettlement has long-term impacts. Ultimately, he is keen to contribute to the concept
of 'migration with dignity' of displaced people by sea level rising due to climate change, enabling them to successfully reconstruct their lives and, more than this, to flourish.
Better understanding the state of Mongolian society under the Qing Dynasty in order to shed light on changes to the traditional nomadic lifestyle of Inner Mongolians
Authors: Chaolumenggerile
Published: April 2021

Inner Mongolia is an autonomous region of China. Nowadays, the traditional nomadic lifestyle of Inner Mongolians is increasingly difficult to maintain. Good and abundant pastures with water fields and soil with soda are key to this lifestyle as they are essential for livestock. In recent
years, however, livestock numbers have decreased and, additionally, Inner Mongolians have experienced lifestyle changes such as remaining in one location instead of moving with the changing seasons. Furthermore, grasslands that once grew across the land have lost some of their regenerative
power and now grow in patches and only to a relatively small height. Dr. Chaolumenggerile, Inner Mongolia University, China, is exploring historical materials in an effort to better understand these changes and in order to ascertain what can be done to preserve the traditional nomadic lifestyle
of Inner Mongolians. She believes that understanding the state of Mongolian society under the Qing Dynasty 300 years ago would contribute to better understanding the current state of Mongolian society and is working to understand the rangeland demarcation policy that was implemented under
the Qing Dynasty rule and how it penetrated Mongolian society. Part of the work involves investigating pasture conflicts in Mongolia during the Qing Dynasty and she has already succeeded in shedding light on the forms and patterns of rangeland conflicts that existed during that time.
Digital extraction of knowledge from early-modern books
Authors: Joe Kazuki
Published: April 2021

As information and communications technology has advanced, there is increased interest in digitally archiving books and other materials that previously have never been archived in such a way. This is beneficial to researchers, teachers, students and the general public, enabling them
to easily access useful historical information. The digital archiving of old newspapers is a work in progress but there are obstacles to this as scanning fonts from 1850, for example, using optical character recognition (OCR), which is the main method used to convert materials to text, is
challenging and it's not currently possible to perform a full text search. Professor Kazuki Joe, Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Nara Women's University, Japan, leads a team of researchers that are working to make it possible to perform full text searches for early-modern
books, magazines and newspapers. This is an especially difficult task as the team is working with Japanese texts and the early-modern writing style in Japan is different from that of today. As such, the researchers first focused on the automatic conversion of letterpress book images into text
and then realised the need for automatic translation of early-modern literary texts into present colloquialisms.
A new research landscape
Authors: Annette Lucy
Published: April 2021

Research is a critical element of progress and the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted some of the true value and importance of scientific research and innovation. It has also demonstrated how innovation and research can impact society on an individual level as well as a global basis.
The UK is one of the countries that consistently features on the global Top 10 lists highlighting quality research output as determined by publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Despite its small geographic size, the UK is highly respected on the global scientific research stage,
with such illustrious scientific feats as uncovering the structure of DNA and developing the steam engine attributable to British innovation.
Katia Schwerzmann: Theorie des graphischen Feldes
Authors: Bolwin Charlotte
Published: April 2021

Rezension von Katia Schwerzmann: Theorie des graphischen Feldes. Zürich: Diapha­nes 2020.
Prediction Models for the Clinical Severity of Patients With COVID-19 in Korea: Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Oh Bumjo , Hwangbo Suhyun , Jung Taeyeong , Min Kyungha , Lee Chanhee , Apio Catherine , Lee Hyejin , Lee Seungyeoun , Moon Min Kyong , Kim Shin-Woo , Park Taesung
Published: April 2021

Background

Limited information is available about the present characteristics and dynamic clinical changes that occur in patients with COVID-19 during the early phase of the illness.

Objective

This study aimed to develop and validate machine learning models based on clinical features to assess the risk of severe disease and triage for COVID-19 patients upon hospital admission.

Methods

This retrospective multicenter cohort study included patients with COVID-19 who were released from quarantine until April 30, 2020, in Korea. A total of 5628 patients were included in the training and testing cohorts to train and validate the models that predict clinical severity and the duration of hospitalization, and the clinical severity score was defined at four levels: mild, moderate, severe, and critical.

Results

Out of a total of 5601 patients, 4455 (79.5%), 330 (5.9%), 512 (9.1%), and 301 (5.4%) were included in the mild, moderate, severe, and critical levels, respectively. As risk factors for predicting critical patients, we selected older age, shortness of breath, a high white blood cell count, low hemoglobin levels, a low lymphocyte count, and a low platelet count. We developed 3 prediction models to classify clinical severity levels. For example, the prediction model with 6 variables yielded a predictive power of >0.93 for the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. We developed a web-based nomogram, using these models.

Conclusions

Our prediction models, along with the web-based nomogram, are expected to be useful for the assessment of the onset of severe and critical illness among patients with COVID-19 and triage patients upon hospital admission.
Protective Behaviors and Secondary Harms Resulting From Nonpharmaceutical Interventions During the COVID-19 Epidemic in South Africa: Multisite, Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Harling Guy , Gómez-Olivé Francesc Xavier , Tlouyamma Joseph , Mutevedzi Tinofa , Kabudula Chodziwadziwa Whiteson , Mahlako Ruth , Singh Urisha , Ohene-Kwofie Daniel , Buckland Rose , Ndagurwa Pedzisai , Gareta Dickman , Gunda Resign , Mngomezulu Thobeka , Nxumalo Siyabonga , Wong Emily B , Kahn Kathleen , Siedner Mark J , Maimela Eric , Tollman Stephen , Collinson Mark , Herbst Kobus
Published: April 2021

Background

In March 2020, South Africa implemented strict nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to contain the spread of COVID-19. Over the subsequent 5 months, NPI policies were eased in stages according to a national strategy. COVID-19 spread throughout the country heterogeneously; the disease reached rural areas by July and case numbers peaked from July to August. A second COVID-19 wave began in late 2020. Data on the impact of NPI policies on social and economic well-being and access to health care are limited.

Objective

We aimed to determine how rural residents in three South African provinces changed their behaviors during the first COVID-19 epidemic wave.

Methods

The South African Population Research Infrastructure Network nodes in the Mpumalanga (Agincourt), KwaZulu-Natal, (Africa Health Research Institute) and Limpopo (Dikgale-Mamabolo-Mothiba) provinces conducted up to 14 rounds of longitudinal telephone surveys among randomly sampled households from rural and periurban surveillance populations every 2-3 weeks. Interviews included questions on the following topics: COVID-19–related knowledge and behaviors, the health and economic impacts of NPIs, and mental health. We analyzed how responses varied based on NPI stringency and household sociodemographics.

Results

In total, 5120 households completed 23,095 interviews between April and December 2020. Respondents’ self-reported satisfaction with their COVID-19–related knowledge and face mask use rapidly rose to 85% and 95%, respectively, by August. As selected NPIs were eased, the amount of travel increased, economic losses were reduced, and the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms fell. When the number of COVID-19 cases spiked at one node in July, the amount of travel dropped rapidly and the rate of missed daily medications doubled. Households where more adults received government-funded old-age pensions reported concerns about economic matters and medication access less often.

Conclusions

South Africans complied with stringent, COVID-19–related NPIs despite the threat of substantial social, economic, and health repercussions. Government-supported social welfare programs appeared to buffer interruptions in income and health care access during local outbreaks. Epidemic control policies must be balanced against the broader well-being of people in resource-limited settings and designed with parallel support systems when such policies threaten peoples’ income and access to basic services.
Understanding the Associations of Prenatal Androgen Exposure on Sleep Physiology, Circadian Proteins, Anthropometric Parameters, Hormonal Factors, Quality of Life, and Sex Among Healthy Young Adults: Protocol for an International, Multicenter Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kuczyński Wojciech , Wibowo Erik , Hoshino Tetsuro , Kudrycka Aleksandra , Małolepsza Aleksandra , Karwowska Urszula , Pruszkowska Milena , Wasiak Jakub , Kuczyńska Aleksandra , Spałka Jakub , Pruszkowska-Przybylska Paulina , Mokros Łukasz , Białas Adam , Białasiewicz Piotr , Sasanabe Ryujiro , Blagrove Mark , Manning John
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

The ratio of the second finger length to the fourth finger length (2D:4D ratio) is considered to be negatively correlated with prenatal androgen exposure (PAE) and positively correlated with prenatal estrogen. Coincidentally, various brain regions are sensitive to PAE, and their functions in adults may be influenced by the prenatal actions of sex hormones.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the relationship between PAE (indicated by the 2D:4D ratio) and various physiological (sex hormone levels and sleep-wake parameters), psychological (mental health), and sexual parameters in healthy young adults.

METHODS

This study consists of two phases. In phase 1, we will conduct a survey-based study and anthropometric assessments (including 2D:4D ratio and BMI) in healthy young adults. Using validated questionnaires, we will collect self-reported data on sleep quality, sexual function, sleep chronotype, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. In phase 2, a subsample of phase 1 will undergo polysomnography and physiological and genetic assessments. Sleep architecture data will be obtained using portable polysomnography. The levels of testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, melatonin, and circadian regulatory proteins (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput [CLOCK], timeless [TIM], and period [PER]) and the expression levels of some miRNAs will be measured using blood samples. The rest and activity cycle will be monitored using actigraphy for a 7-day period.

RESULTS

In Poland, 720 participants were recruited for phase 1. Among these, 140 completed anthropometric measurements. In addition, 25 participants joined and completed phase 2 data collection. Recruitment from other sites will follow.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings from our study may help to better understand the plausible role of PAE in sleep physiology, mental health, and sexual quality of life in young adults.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/29199
SMART COVID Navigator, a Clinical Decision Support Tool for COVID-19 Treatment: Design and Development Study (Preprint)
Authors: Suraj Varun , Del Vecchio Fitz Catherine , Kleiman Laura B , Bhavnani Suresh K , Jani Chinmay , Shah Surbhi , McKay Rana R , Warner Jeremy , Alterovitz Gil
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has infected 219 million individuals at the time of writing of this paper. A large volume of research findings from observational studies about disease interactions with COVID-19 is being produced almost daily, making it difficult for physicians to keep track of the latest information on COVID-19’s effect on patients with certain pre-existing conditions.

OBJECTIVE

In this paper, we describe the creation of a clinical decision support tool, the SMART COVID Navigator, a web application to assist clinicians in treating patients with COVID-19. Our application allows clinicians to access a patient’s electronic health records and identify disease interactions from a large set of observational research studies that affect the severity and fatality due to COVID-19.

METHODS

The SMART COVID Navigator takes a 2-pronged approach to clinical decision support. The first part is a connection to electronic health record servers, allowing the application to access a patient’s medical conditions. The second is accessing data sets with information from various observational studies to determine the latest research findings about COVID-19 outcomes for patients with certain medical conditions. By connecting these 2 data sources, users can see how a patient’s medical history will affect their COVID-19 outcomes.

RESULTS

The SMART COVID Navigator aggregates patient health information from multiple Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources–enabled electronic health record systems. This allows physicians to see a comprehensive view of patient health records. The application accesses 2 data sets of over 1100 research studies to provide information on the fatality and severity of COVID-19 for several pre-existing conditions. We also analyzed the results of the collected studies to determine which medical conditions result in an increased chance of severity and fatality of COVID-19 progression. We found that certain conditions result in a higher likelihood of severity and fatality probabilities. We also analyze various cancer tissues and find that the probabilities for fatality vary greatly depending on the tissue being examined.

CONCLUSIONS

The SMART COVID Navigator allows physicians to predict the fatality and severity of COVID-19 progression given a particular patient’s medical conditions. This can allow physicians to determine how aggressively to treat patients infected with COVID-19 and to prioritize different patients for treatment considering their prior medical conditions.
Pilot study of a well-being app to support New Zealand young people during the COVID-19 pandemic (Preprint)
Authors: Serlachius Anna , Boggiss Anna , Lim David , Schache Kiralee , Wallace-Boyd Kate , Brenton-Peters Jennifer , Buttenshaw Elise , Chadd Stephanie , Cavadino Alana , Cao Nicholas , Morunga Eva , Thabrew Hiran
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Well-being apps represent a promising and scalable approach for improving mental health outcomes in youth, especially during a global pandemic when access to face-to-face interventions may be limited. Whitu (seven in the New Zealand Māori language Te Reo) is a newly developed well-being app with seven modules that support young people to learn and practice evidence-based coping skills, including relaxation, mindfulness, self-compassion, healthy eating, and goal-setting.

OBJECTIVE

During this pilot, we explored the acceptability, usability, and preliminary efficacy of Whitu before refining the app for a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

METHODS

We recruited 20 New Zealand young people aged 16-25 years via social media to trial the first prototype of the Whitu app over 6 weeks. Within-group differences from baseline to 2- and 6-weeks post intervention in self-reported well-being, depression, anxiety, stress, self-compassion, and optimism were evaluated using repeated-measures ANOVA. A further 21 participants aged 16-30 years were recruited to participate in 4 focus groups to give feedback on the app’s usability and cultural acceptability. Feedback was analyzed using directed content analysis.

RESULTS

Statistically significant improvements in anxiety (p=.024) and stress (p=.017) were observed from baseline to 2-weeks post intervention. Improvements in well-being (p=.021), depression (p=.031), anxiety (p=.005), and stress (p=.004) were also observed from baseline to 6-weeks. No statistically significant changes were seen in self-compassion, optimism, or sleep. Qualitative feedback comprised of five key themes, namely: factors affecting engagement, issues with functionality, preferences regarding aesthetics, effectiveness and adverse effects, and cultural acceptability.

CONCLUSIONS

Our preliminary results suggest that Whitu may be an effective app for improving multiple dimensions of young people’s well-being. Modifications to the look and feel, cultural content, and onboarding have been undertaken based on the qualitative feedback, and an RCT is currently underway.
A MOOC from an Occupational Perspective: How to Use Technology to Promote Participation by People with Disabilities (Preprint)
Authors: Pousada Thais , Groba Betania , Nieto-Riveiro Laura , Pena Ana María , Pereira Javier
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

This paper has shown the results derived from the implementation of two editions of a Massive Online Open Course (MOOC) that focused on the use and application of technology resources, most of which were free, to promote participation and intervention amongst people with disabilities. That is the only one MOOC focused on providing information to professionals about different tools to promote technology’s participation of people with disabilities. The study provides initial evidence of the rates for a MOOC with blended learning and tips to motivate the participants.

OBJECTIVE

The goals were (a) to describe the profile of person enrolled on a MOOC based on promoting the participation of people with disabilities, and (b) to analyse the behavior and progression of participants in the MOOC and their satisfaction with the educational resources provided.

METHODS

The MOOC was implemented using the tools of the MIRIADAX platform. This allowed the incorporation of plain text, multimedia resources (self-recording videos), links to complementary information, and an evaluation process. The study design was based on quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data from the two questionnaires and from MIRIADAX were analysed using various statistical methods. As has been noted, the MOOC had two editions.

RESULTS

Both editions had 1440 persons enrolled, but the course was completed by 254 participants in the first edition and 195 in the second one. The rates of completion were high relative to other courses, with 42.83%, and 51.31%. The general participant profile was that of a woman between the ages of 25 and 34, living in Spain, and studying at university. High quality of learning resources, blended learning and weekly challenges to promote participation were the main factors for the success of this MOOC.

CONCLUSIONS

Features of an Effective MOOC were identified: Topic of interest, Quality multimedia resources, Complementary documentation, Promotion of student participation, Straightforward ways to evaluate the participants, Duration of the MOOC. The analysis of results and comparison with previous research have enabled some key conclusions to be drawn and considered when designing, editing, and implementing successful MOOCs in the future.
The Persistence of the Impact of COVID-19–Related Distress, Mood Inertia, and Loneliness on Mental Health During a Postlockdown Period in Germany: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study (Preprint)
Authors: Haucke Matthias , Liu Shuyan , Heinzel Stephan
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 increased mental health problems globally. However, little is known about mental health problems during a low-incidence period of the pandemic without strict public health measures.

OBJECTIVE

We aim to investigate whether COVID-19–related risk factors for mental health problems persist beyond lockdown measures. We targeted a vulnerable population that is at risk of developing low mental health and assessed their daily dynamics of mood and emotion regulation after a strict lockdown.

METHODS

During a postlockdown period in Germany (between August 8, 2020, and November 1, 2020), we conducted an ecological momentary assessment with 131 participants who experienced at least mild COVID-19–related distress and loneliness. To estimate negative mood inertia, we built a lag-1 three-level autoregressive model.

RESULTS

We found that information exposure and active daily COVID-19 cases did not have an impact on negative mood amid a postlockdown period. However, there was a day-to-day carryover effect of negative mood. In addition, worrying about COVID-19, feeling restricted by COVID-19, and feeling lonely increased negative mood.

CONCLUSIONS

The mental health of a vulnerable population is still challenged by COVID-19–related stressors after the lifting of a strict lockdown. This study highlights the need to protect mental health during postpandemic periods.
Клинико-патогенетические особенности суставного синдрома при ревматоидном артрите с коморбидным пародонтитом
Authors: Syniachenko O.V. , Yermolaieva M.V. , Havilei D.O. , Liventsova K.V. , Verzilov S.M. , Pylypenko V.V.
Published: April 2021

Актуальность. Накопление бактерий в полости рта больных ревматоидным артритом (РА) повышает частоту развития поражений тканей пародонта, но существует и обратная связь обоих заболеваний, когда коморбидный пародонтит способствует возникновению РА. Эндотоксемия, вызванная пародонтитом, может повышать чувствительность больных РА к аутоантигенам, участвовать в патогенетических построениях обоих заболеваний. РА и пародонтит имеют сходную остеоклазию, аллельные гены и общий дисбаланс состояния цитокиновой сети. Цель и задачи исследования: изучить у больных РА частоту и характер течения коморбидного хронического генерализованного пародонтита, определить его этиологические факторы, оценить степень влияния на клинические и рентгеносонографические признаки суставного синдрома. Материалы и методы. Под наблюдением находились 173 больных РА в возрасте 18–76 лет (в среднем 46 лет), среди которых было 20,8 % мужчин и 79,2 % женщин. Продолжительность от первой манифестации заболевания составила в среднем 10 лет. Частота серопозитивности РА по ревматоидному фактору в крови составила 74,6 %, а по антителам к цитруллиновому циклическому пептиду — 72,8 %. І, ІІ и ІІІ степени активности болезни соответственно констатированы в 26,0; 43,9 и 30,1 % случаев, а соотношение I, II, III и IV стадий патологического процесса составило 1 : 6 : 5 : 3. Для оценки количества аэробных и факультативно-анаэробных микроорганизмов, вегетирующих на слизистой оболочке десен, использовалась методика стерильных бумажных дисков. Проводили клиническое, рентгенологическое и ультразвуковое исследование суставов, изучение биохимических, иммуноферментных и физико-химических показателей крови и смывов полости рта, определение интегральных тяжестей течения основной и коморбидной патологии. Результаты. Хронический генерализованный пародонтит диагностирован у 45,7 % от числа больных РА (соотношение мужчин и женщин 1 : 4), развитие которого было тесно связано с активностью и стадией суставного синдрома, наличием системного остеопороза, серопозитивностью заболевания по ревматоидному фактору и антителам к циклическому цитруллиновому пептиду, причем в этиологии пародонтита первостепенное значение отводится моракселлам, псевдомонам, стафилококкам, стрептококкам, бактериоидам, эубактериям, фузобактериям, пропионибактериям и сарцинам, а в его патогенезе — интерлейкину-1β, при этом сама патология полости рта участвует в патогенетических построениях остеопороза, поражений верхнечелюстных, лучезапястных и коленных суставов, в формировании артрокальцинатов и развитии синдрома Шегрена. Выводы. Полученные данные диктуют необходимость разработки новых подходов к медицинской технологии индивидуальной патогенетической терапии РА с учетом наличия и этиологии коморбидного пародонтита, выделения критериев, позволяющих оценивать активность патологического процесса, прогнозировать характер течения болезни и эффективность лечебных мероприятий.
Инструментальные и биохимические показатели состояния костной ткани при остеомаляции и остеопорозе
Authors: Ignatiev A.M. , Turchin N.I.
Published: April 2021

Актуальность. Снижение минеральной плотности костной ткани (МПКТ), возникающее при остеомаляции (ОМ) и остеопорозе (ОП), сопровождается уменьшением прочностных свойств костных структур и ростом риска переломов. Несмотря на одинаковый клинический исход (переломы), морфоструктурные, этиологические и патогенетические характеристики ОП и ОМ качественно различаются. Цель исследования: изучить диагностические критерии остеомаляции и остеопороза в постменопаузе. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 157 постменопаузальных (ПМ) женщин в возрасте 57,5 ± 1,2 года, у 103 из которых был диагностирован ОП (группа І) и у 24 морфометрически был установлен диагноз остеомаляции (ОМ) (группа ІІ), контрольную группу (III) составляли 30 практически здоровых женщин. Проведена рентгеновская денситометрия (остеоденситометр Hologic Discovery (USA)). Уровень 25(ОН)D в сыворотке крови определяли иммуноферментным методом на анализаторе EUROIMMUN (Германия). Маркер резорбции КТ С-терминальный телопептид коллагена 1-го типа (СТх), остеокальцин (ОК) и паратгормон (ПТГ) — иммунохемилюминесцентным методом, уровень фосфора — спектрофотометрическим методом на анализаторе Cobas 6000 (Roche Diagnostics, Швейцария). Уровень остеопротегерина (ОПГ) определяли методом иммуноферментного анализа на аппарате AxsymSystem (Abbot, Германия), статистическую обработку проводили с помощью прикладных программ Microsoft Office Excel и Statistica 10.0. Для математической обработки использовали t-критерий Стьюдента. При оценке силы связи коэффициентов корреляции использовали шкалу Чеддока. Результаты. Анализ полученных данных показал снижение МПКТ (р < 0,05) в І и ІІ группах. Однако BMD neck, Т-критерий neck, Z-критерий neck в группе женщин с ОМ были значимо снижены (р < 0,05) в сравнении с группой с ОП. Уровни 25(ОН)D, ОК, ОПГ были также снижены (р < 0,05) во ІІ группе женщин по сравнению с І группой. Были получены более высокие (р < 0,05) показатели ПТГ и СТх в группе пациенток с ОМ в сравнении с группой лиц с ОП. Корреляционный анализ полученных результатов показал связь уровня 25(ОН)D с показателями структурно-функциональных изменений КТ: 25(ОН)D и СТх (r = –0,669; р = 0,001), 25 (ОН)D и BMD neck (r = 0,736; р = 0,002). Также выявлена прямая связь между BMD neck и СТх (r = –0,463; р = 0,002). Выводы. У ПМ женщин с ОМ в сравнении с ПМ женщинами с ОП выявлены значимо большие (р < 0,05) изменения структурно-функционального состояния КТ, биохимических маркеров резорбции и ремоделирования КТ, а также более низкий (р < 0,05) уровень 25(ОН)D. Содержание 25(ОН)D обладает высокой информативностью в плане прогнозирования и диагностики снижения МПКТ и риска переломов. Биохимический маркер резорбции СТх обладает высокой информативностью в плане прогнозирования, своевременной диагностики и эффективности лечения снижения МПКТ.
Стратегия мембранопротекции в фармакотерапии сосудистых когнитивных расстройств
Authors: Burchinsky S.G.
Published: April 2021

В статье представлены современные взгляды на проблему сосудистой когнитивной дисфункции, в частности, на природу и возможности лечения синдрома умеренных когнитивных расстройств как одной из самых распространенных форм когнитивной недостаточности у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста. С этой точки зрения проанализированы требования к выбору оптимального инструмента фармакотерапии и фармакопрофилактики указанного синдрома, прежде всего стратегии мембранопротекции. Особое внимание при этом уделено механизмам действия и особенностям клинического применения препарата Лира (цитиколин) — средства с уникальными клинико-фармакологическими свойствами, которые позволяют реализовать стратегию патогенетически обоснованной нейро- и геропротекторной фармакотерапии при нарушениях мозгового кровообращения. Подробно рассмотрены механизмы действия, клиническая эффективность Лиры (цитиколина), характеристики безопасности и рекомендации по практическому применению препарата.
Особливості гормонального тестування тиреоїдної функції у пацієнтів із цукровим діабетом 1-го типу і хронічною хворобою нирок
Authors: Sazonova A.G. , Mokhort T.V. , Karalovich N.V.
Published: April 2021

Актуальність. Перебіг хронічної хвороби нирок (ХХН) може впливати на метаболізм тиреоїдних гормонів. Встановлено, що зниження ниркової функції може поєднуватися зі змінами функції щитоподібної залози (ЩЗ). Тиреоїдна дисфункція також має наслідки для ренального потоку крові, швидкості клубочкової фільтрації (ШКФ), канальцевого транспорту, електролітного гомеостазу та структури клубочків. Мета дослідження— визначити особливості функції ЩЗ у пацієнтів із цукровим діабетом (ЦД) 1-го типу та ХХН, на підставі чого розробити рекомендації щодо термінів гормонального тестування тиреоїдної патології. Матеріали та методи. З метою визначення оптимальних термінів гормонального тестування була проведена оцінка тиреоїдної функції у 121 пацієнта з ЦД 1-го типу та ХХН. Пацієнти з ЦД 1-го типу та ХХН були розділені на 3 групи: перша— 78 осіб із ШКФ ≤ 60 мл/хв/1,73 м2, група 2— 20 осіб, які отримують нирково-замісну терапію (НЗТ), група 3— 23 особи після трансплантації нирки (ТН) з адекватною функцією трансплантату (тривалість роботи ниркового трансплантату— 3,62 (1,47–4,28) року). Результати. У пацієнтів із ЦД 1-го типу та ХХН знижена діагностична цінність рівня тиреотропного гормону (ТТГ) у зв’язку з відсутністю відмінностей його значень при зниженні вільного тироксину (вТ4) і вільного трийодтироніну (вТ3). Найбільш чутливим маркером тиреоїдної дисфункції є вТ3. Генез тиреоїдних порушень у пацієнтів з ЦД 1-го типу та ХХН має неімунну природу. У пацієнтів із ЦД 1-го типу, які отримують НЗТ, після процедури гемодіалізу відбувається збільшення периферичних загальних вТ4 і вТ3, що обумовлює необхідність моніторингу функціональних порушень ЩЗ безпосередньо після проведення сеансу гемодіалізу. Після ТН відбувається відновлення нормальних значень індексу периферичної конверсії (ІПК) і вТ3 протягом 1–2 років залежно від тривалості отримання НЗТ. У пацієнтів із ЦД 1-го типу з тривалістю роботи ренотрансплантату більше трьох років відбувається збільшення ІПК, що характеризує дисбаланс периферичних тиреоїдних гормонів у бік зниження вТ3 при відносно стабільному вТ4. Висновки. Тиреоїдні дисфункції характерні для всіх стадій патологічного процесу при ХХН у пацієнтів із ЦД 1-го типу, включаючи пацієнтів на термінальній стадії і після успішної трансплантації нирки. Зміни тиреоїдних гормонів асоційовані з тривалістю НЗТ, тривалістю роботи ренотрансплантату, а також можуть потенційно впливати на виживання пацієнтів після ТН.
Вплив дефіциту вітаміну D на перебіг вагітності
Authors: Konwisser A. , Korytko O.
Published: April 2021

Установлено, що адекватне забезпечення вітаміном D під час вагітності сприяє нормальному її перебігу як для матері, так і для плода. Метою було вивчити вплив дефіциту вітаміну D на перебіг вагітності. Пошук літератури здійснювали за допомогою бази даних PubMed за період від січня 2015 року по листопад 2020 року. Використовували ключові слова: «вітамін D», «вагітність», «дефіцит вітамінуD», «гестоз», «гестаційний діабет», «передчасні пологи» та інші суміжні терміни. Проведений аналіз оригінальних та оглядових статей стосовно впливу дефіциту вітамінуD під час вагітності та ефективності додаткового призначення препаратів вітаміну D на результати завершення вагітності. Кокранівський огляд щодо цих досліджень зазначає, що жінки, які додатково отримували вітамін D, мали менший ризик гестозу (ВР 0,52, ДI 0,25–1,05). Водночас призначення вітамінуD та кальцію значно зменшувало ризик гестозу. Не встановлено доказової бази щодо впливу додаткового призначення вітаміну D на профілактику гестаційного діабету. Можливими ускладненнями вагітності при дефіциті вітаміну D є прееклампсія, гестаційний діабет, передчасні пологи тощо. Хоча ці стани досить добре відомі, зв’язок із вітаміном D є новим напрямком вивчення їх патогенетичних ланок. Доведено, що призначення вітаміну D у період вагітності знижує вірогідність цих ускладнень, що, зі свого боку, знижує частку розроджень шляхом кесаревого розтину. Прееклампсія— загрозливий стан не лише для матері, але й для плода, що може призвести до передчасних пологів, як спонтанних, так і за ургентними показаннями. До того ж у матерів із прееклампсією підвищується ризик народження дитини з гіпотрофією, що має наслідки в різному віці. Прееклампсію частіше виявляють у вагітних із дефіцитом вітаміну D. Зазначена роль вітаміну D як універсального модулятора імунної системи обґрунтовує зниження його рівня в контексті імунної відповіді вагітних. Рівень вітаміну D у вагітної та плода відіграє важливу роль у виникненні запалення плаценти. Необхідна подальша оцінка за допомогою великих багатоцентрових подвійних сліпих рандомізованих контрольованих клінічних досліджень з акцентом на конкретні несприятливі результати вагітності для встановлення переваг додаткового призначення вітаміну D під час вагітності.
Модель прогнозування тяжкості діабетичної ретинопатії, отримана на основі ендотеліальної дисфункції та маркерів гіпоксії
Authors: Sirman Ya.V. , Savytskyi I.V. , Preys N.I.
Published: April 2021

Актуальність. Діабетична ретинопатія — специфічне мікросудинне ускладнення цукрового діабету. Вона залишається провідною причиною втрати зору в працездатного дорослого населення. У пацієнтів із тяжким ступенем діабетичної ретинопатії спостерігається зниження якості життя та погіршення фізичного, емоційного й соціального благополуччя. До того ж на цю когорту пацієнтів витрачається більше ресурсів системи охорони здоров’я. Розробка математичних моделей прогнозування дозволяє більш різнобічно аналізувати експериментальні та клінічні дані. Мета дослідження: розробка моделі прогнозування тяжкості діабетичної ретинопатії на основі маркерів ендотеліальної дисфункції та гіпоксії. Матеріали та методи. Використовували стрептозотоцинову модель цукрового діабету 2-го типу. Визначали рівні фактора Віллебранда, ендотеліну-1, 2,3-дифосфогліцерату, що використовували як змінні. Перехід непроліферативної фази діабетичної ретинопатії в проліферативну на 180-ту добу експерименту підтверджували гістологічно. Результати. Розроблена математична модель для прогнозування досліджуваного патологічного стану на основі біохімічних аналізів крові на ранніх етапах експерименту. Доведена інформативність маркерів ендотеліальної дисфункції, фактора Віллебранда й ендотеліну-1, у прогнозуванні переходу непроліферативної діабетичної ретинопатії в проліферативну. Встановлено значущість визначення рівня 2,3-дифосфогліцерату в еритроцитах разом iз зазначеними вище маркерами функціонального статусу ендотелію на 30-ту добу для прогнозування подальшого перебігу хвороби. Висновки. Доведено значущість показника 2,3-дифосфогліцерату в еритроцитах і зазначених маркерів функціонального статусу ендотелію на 30-ту добу для прогнозування подальшого перебігу досліджуваного патологічного процесу.
Эффективность терапии статинами на этапе первичной медицинской помощи — исследование ОЗИРКА: эффективность препарата ОЗалекс (розувастатин) для лечения пациентов с нарушениями липидного обмена И гиперхолестеринемией в Различных КАтегориях пациентов
Authors: Sirenko Yu.M. , Torbas O.O. , Kushnir S.M.
Published: April 2021

Актуальность. В Украине количество назначений статинов в течение последних лет остается относительно небольшим. Широкомасштабное исследование ОЗИРКА в Украине позволило бы опровергнуть часть мифов и продемонстрировать, что длительная терапия одним из наиболее эффективных статинов — розувастатином — в средних и высоких дозах является безопасной и эффективной в большой когорте пациентов в первичном звене оказания медицинской помощи. Целью исследования было изучение влияния препарата Озалекс (розувастатин) на уровень липидов и холестерина у пациентов с нарушениями липидного обмена и гиперхолестеринемией. Материалы и методы. Исследование было запланировано как проспективное открытое популяционное. Набор пациентов проводился с марта по декабрь 2019 года. Анализ данных исследования проводился с июня по ноябрь 2020 года. Все пациенты должны были получать розувастатин (Озалекс, «Кусум Фарм», Украина) в дозе 10 или 20 мг. Результаты. Всего в исследование планировали включить 20 000 пациентов со всей Украины. Полный период наблюдения закончили 18 100 пациентов, из которых у 17 530 имелись все необходимые данные, которые и вошли в финальный анализ. Средний период наблюдения составил 2,2 месяца. В течение двух месяцев наблюдения у пациентов в среднем отмечалось достоверное снижение уровней общего холестерина — на 28 % (p < 0,001), холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности — на 34 % (p < 0,001), триглицеридов — на 25 % (p < 0,001). Увеличение дозы розувастатина с 10 до 20 мг после первого визита привело к дополнительному снижению уровня холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности примерно на 40 %. Уровень глюкозы крови натощак у пациентов в исследовании достоверно снизился с 5,70 ± 0,01 ммоль/л до 5,23 ± 0,01 ммоль/л (достоверность динамики, p < 0,001). Выводы. Озалекс производства «Кусум Фарм» (Украина) — это высокоэффективный генерический препарат розувастатина, который оказывает нейтральное влияние на метаболизм глюкозы и позволяет достичь хорошего контроля показателей липидного спектра крови на этапе первичного звена оказания медицинской помощи.
Potensi Sumber Daya Alam dalam Mengembangkan Sektor Pariwisata Di Indonesia
Authors: Rahma Adenisa Aulia
Published: April 2021

Indonesia memiliki beragam suku, budaya, ras, agama dan berbagai macam keindahan alam yang dapat dijumpai.  Terlebih, Indonesia memiliki beragam sektor yang dapat mendongkrak devisa Negara. Salah satunya adalah sektor pariwisata yang menjadi sumber teratas devisa Negara. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui potensi sumber daya alam dalam mengembangkan sektor pariwisata di Indonesia baik yang sudah ada maupun yang masih tersembunyi melalui langkah-langkah pemerintah, dinas, dan warga sekitar untuk mendongkrak taraf hidup masyarakat yang terdpat didalamnya serta meningkatkan kualitas pariwisata yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode deskripftif kualitatif dengan mengembangkan solusi dan perencanaan strategis.