bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization Solution of Troesch’s and Bratu’s Problems of Ordinary Type Using Novel Continuous Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Abo-Hammour Zaer , Abu Arqub Omar , Momani Shaher , Shawagfeh Nabil
Published: February 2014

A new kind of optimization technique, namely, continuous genetic algorithm, is presented in this paper for numerically approximating the solutions of Troesch’s and Bratu’s problems. The underlying idea of the method is to convert the two differential problems into discrete versions by replacing each of the second derivatives by an appropriate difference quotient approximation. The new method has the following characteristics. First, it should not resort to more advanced mathematical tools; that is, the algorithm should be simple to understand and implement and should be thus easily accepted in the mathematical and physical application fields. Second, the algorithm is of global nature in terms of the solutions obtained as well as its ability to solve other mathematical and physical problems. Third, the proposed methodology has an implicit parallel nature which points to its implementation on parallel machines. The algorithm is tested on different versions of Troesch’s and Bratu’s problems. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effective, straightforward, and simple.
Discoloration of Roots Caused by Residual Endodontic Intracanal Medicaments
Authors: Chen Belinda Kuan-Jung , George Roy , Walsh Laurence James
Published: February 2014

Aims. This study examined the extent to which intervisit corticosteroid-based antibiotic pastes (CAP) medicaments contribute to staining of tooth structure after attempted removal by irrigation techniques.Methods. A total of 140 roots were prepared and the canals were filled with Ledermix paste (demeclocycline), Odontopaste (clindamycin), and Doxypaste (doxycycline). The pastes were removed after 2 or 4 weeks of storage in the dark using EDTA and NaOCl with either a 27-gauge-slotted needle or an EndoActivator (Dentsply). The roots were then exposed to an intense light source for 30 minutes each week and photographed after a further 1, 3, or 6 months. Digital images were standardized and data for changes in luminosity were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA and a post hoc test.Results. Removal of the medicament did not prevent later discolouration. There was no significant difference between the paste removal methods. Ledermix paste caused the greatest darkening compared to the untreated controls, for both application periods and both methods of removal. Doxypaste and Odontopaste caused less darkening than Ledermix.Conclusion. Medicaments that stain teeth may continue to discolour teeth despite best attempts to remove them. This study stresses the importance of material selection and minimising contact of Ledermix within the coronal aspects of teeth.
Sobolev Spaces on Locally Compact Abelian Groups: Compact Embeddings and Local Spaces
Authors: Górka Przemysław , Kostrzewa Tomasz , Reyes Enrique G.
Published: February 2014

We continue our research on Sobolev spaces on locally compact abelian (LCA) groups motivated by our work on equations with infinitely many derivatives of interest for string theory and cosmology. In this paper, we focus on compact embedding results and we prove an analog for LCA groups of the classical Rellich lemma and of the Rellich-Kondrachov compactness theorem. Furthermore, we introduce Sobolev spaces on subsets of LCA groups and study its main properties, including the existence of compact embeddings intoLp-spaces.
Low Paraoxonase 1 Activity Predicts Mortality in Surgical Patients with Sepsis
Authors: Bojic Suzana , Kotur-Stevuljevic Jelena , Kalezic Nevena , Jelic-Ivanovic Zorana , Stefanovic Aleksandra , Palibrk Ivan , Memon Lidija , Kalaba Zdravko , Stojanovic Marina , Simic-Ogrizovic Sanja
Published: February 2014

Introduction. State of severe oxidative stress is encountered in sepsis. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) protects against oxidative stress but also undergoes inactivation upon that condition. We investigated PON1 activity in surgical patients with sepsis in relation to oxidative stress status, inflammation, disease severity, and survival.Methods. Prospective observational study. Sixty-nine surgical patients with sepsis were compared to 69 age/sex matched healthy controls. PON1 paraoxonase and diazoxonase activities, selected biochemical, hematological and oxidative stress parameters were measured on admission to ICU and 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours later. Disease severity scores were calculated daily.Results. Septic patients had significantly lower PON1 activities compared to control group at all time points. PON1 activities had good capacity to differentiate septic patients from healthy controls. Low PON1 activities were associated with higher disease severity scores and higher risk of death. Correlation between PON1 activity and markers of inflammation failed to reach significance. Decrease in PON1 activity was correlated with an increase in reducing components in plasma.Conclusion. Our study demonstrated lower PON1 activity in surgical patients with sepsis compared to healthy controls. PON1 activity also reflected severity of the disease. Low PON1 activity was associated with higher mortality of surgical patients with sepsis.
Lack of Association between Nuclear Factor Erythroid-Derived 2-Like 2 Promoter Gene Polymorphisms and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients
Authors: LoGerfo Annalisa , Chico Lucia , Borgia Loredana , Petrozzi Lucia , Rocchi Anna , D'Amelio Antonia , Carlesi Cecilia , Caldarazzo Ienco Elena , Mancuso Michelangelo , Siciliano Gabriele
Published: February 2014

Oxidative stress involvement has been strongly hypothesized among the possible pathogenic mechanisms of motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The intracellular redox balance is finely modulated by numerous complex mechanisms critical for cellular functions, among which the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2/Nrf2) pathways. We genotyped, in a cohort of ALS patients(n=145)and healthy controls(n=168), three SNPs inNrf2gene promoter: −653 A/G, −651 G/A, and −617 C/A and evaluated, in a subset(n=73)of patients, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), iron-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and plasma thiols (-SH) as oxidative damage peripheral biomarkers.Nrf2polymorphisms were not different among patients and controls. Increased levels of AOPP(P<0.05)and decreased levels of FRAP(P<0.001)have been observed in ALS patients compared with controls, but no difference in -SH values was found. Furthermore, no association was found between biochemical markers of redox balance andNrf2polymorphisms. These data confirm an altered redox balance in ALS and indicate that, while being abnormally modified compared to controls, the oxidative stress biomarkers assessed in this study are independent from the −653 A/G, −651 G/A, and −617 C/ANrf2SNPs in ALS patients.
Giant Hepatic Carcinoid: A Rare Tumor with a Favorable Prognosis
Authors: Landen Serge , Elens Maxime , Vrancken Celine , Nuytens Frederiek , Meert Thibault , Delugeau Veronique
Published: February 2014

Primary hepatic carcinoids are rare tumors that are often diagnosed at a locally advanced stage. Their primary nature can only be ascertained after thorough investigations and long-term follow-up to exclude another primary origin. As with secondary neuroendocrine liver tumors, surgical resection remains the mainstay of therapy. Despite their large size and often central location liver resection is often feasible, offering long-term survival and cure to most patients. In selected patients liver transplantation appears to be a good indication for tumors not amenable to liver resection. An aggressive surgical attitude is therefore warranted. We report a large and unusually fast-growing liver carcinoid that appeared only marginally resectable in a patient who remains free of disease four years after surgery.
Nuclear Power Plant Maintenance Optimization with Heuristic Algorithm
Authors: Volkanovski Andrija , Cizelj Leon
Published: February 2014

The test and maintenance activities are conducted in the nuclear power plants in order to prevent or limit failures resulting from the ageing or deterioration. The components and systems are partially or fully unavailable during the maintenance activities. This is especially important for the safety systems and corresponding equipment because they are important contributors to the overall nuclear power plant safety. A novel method for optimization of the maintenance activities in the nuclear power plant considering the plant safety is developed and presented. The objective function of the optimization is the mean value of the selected risk measure. The risk measure is assessed from the minimal cut sets identified in the Probabilistic Safety Assessment. The optimal solution of the objective function is estimated with genetic algorithm. The proposed method is applied on probabilistic safety analysis model of the selected safety system of the reference nuclear power plant. Obtained results show that optimization of maintenance decreases the risk and thus improves the plant safety. The implications of the consideration of different constraints on the obtained results are investigated and presented. The future prospects for the optimization of the maintenance activities in the nuclear power plants with the presented method are discussed.
Serum Anticholinergic Activity: A Possible Peripheral Marker of the Anticholinergic Burden in the Central Nervous System in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Hori Koji , Konishi Kimiko , Tani Masayuki , Tomioka Hiroi , Akita Ryo , Kitajima Yuka , Aoki Mari , Yokoyama Sachiko , Azuma Kazunari , Ikuse Daisuke , Akashi Norihisa , Hosoi Misa , Jinbo Koichi , Hachisu Mitsugu
Published: February 2014

We review the utility of serum anticholinergic activity (SAA) as a peripheral marker of anticholinergic activity (AA) in the central nervous system (CAA). We hypothesize that the compensatory mechanisms of the cholinergic system do not contribute to SAA if their system is intact and that if central cholinergic system deteriorates alone in conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease or Lewy body dementia, CAA and SAA are caused by way of hyperactivity of inflammatory system and SAA is a marker of the anticholinergic burden in CNS. Taking into account the diurnal variations in the plasma levels of corticosteroids, which are thought to affect SAA, it should be measured at noon or just afterward.
A Modified Decision Tree Algorithm Based on Genetic Algorithm for Mobile User Classification Problem
Authors: Liu Dong-sheng , Fan Shu-jiang
Published: February 2014

In order to offer mobile customers better service, we should classify the mobile user firstly. Aimed at the limitations of previous classification methods, this paper puts forward a modified decision tree algorithm for mobile user classification, which introduced genetic algorithm to optimize the results of the decision tree algorithm. We also take the context information as a classification attributes for the mobile user and we classify the context into public context and private context classes. Then we analyze the processes and operators of the algorithm. At last, we make an experiment on the mobile user with the algorithm, we can classify the mobile user into Basic service user, E-service user, Plus service user, and Total service user classes and we can also get some rules about the mobile user. Compared to C4.5 decision tree algorithm and SVM algorithm, the algorithm we proposed in this paper has higher accuracy and more simplicity.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Topical Tetracycline in Enhancing the Effect of Narrow Band UVB against Vitiligo: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Kalafi Amir , Jowkar Farideh
Published: February 2014

Background. Vitiligo is a pigmentary disorder characterized by depigmented macules due to absence of melanocytes. Increased levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 in the epidermis of lesions may play a role in keratinocyte apoptosis and less production of melanogenic cytokines. Tetracyclines reduce production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1. Objective. To evaluate the effect of topical tetracycline on vitiligo patients on phototherapy. Methods. Thirty cases of generalized stable vitiligo were chosen randomly and pigmentation of two assigned lesions on right and left sides (same size and location) was determined by vitiligo area severity index, and medication and placebo were randomly assigned to be applied twice daily on either right or left side, respectively. Images were taken of the lesions at the end of the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks and pigmentations were compared to baseline using aforementioned index. The patients also took narrow band ultraviolet B two to three times a week. Results. Mean pigmentation, based on vitiligo area severity index, changed significantly from 90.1667 to 86.6667 (P=0.026) and on placebo side from 89.6667 to 86.8333 (P=0.026). There was no significant difference between medication and placebo sides in terms of pigmentation (P=0.566). Conclusions. No significant difference in improving repigmentation between medication and placebo sides was seen.
The Emerging Role of TRα1 in Cardiac Repair: Potential Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Pantos Constantinos , Mourouzis Iordanis
Published: February 2014

Thyroid hormone (TH) is critical for adapting living organisms to environmental stress. Plasma circulating tri-iodothyronine (T3) levels drop in most disease states and are associated with increased oxidative stress. In this context, T3 levels in plasma appear to be an independent determinant for the recovery of cardiac function after myocardial infarction in patients. Thyroid hormone receptorα1 (TRα1) seems to be crucial in this response; TRα1 accumulates to cell nucleus upon activation of stress induced growth kinase signaling. Furthermore, overexpression of nuclear TRα1 in cardiomyocytes can result in pathological or physiological growth (dual action) in absence or presence of its ligand, respectively. Accordingly, inactivation of TRα1 receptor prevents reactive hypertrophy after myocardial infarction and results in heart failure with increased phospholamban (PLB) expression and marked activation of p38MAPK. In line with this evidence, TH is shown to limit ischemia/reperfusion injury and convert pathologic to physiologic growth after myocardial infarction via TRα1 receptor. TRα1 receptor may prove to be a novel pharmacological target for cardiac repair/regeneration therapies.
Periodic Solutions for Shunting Inhibitory Cellular Neural Networks of Neutral Type with Time-Varying Delays in the Leakage Term on Time Scales
Authors: Li Yongkun , Wang Lei , Fei Yu
Published: February 2014

A class of shunting inhibitory cellular neural networks of neutral type with time-varying delays in the leakage term on time scales is proposed. Based on the exponential dichotomy of linear dynamic equations on time scales, fixed point theorems, and calculus on time scales we obtain some sufficient conditions for the existence and global exponential stability of periodic solutions for that class of neural networks. The results of this paper are completely new and complementary to the previously known results even if the time scale𝕋=ℝorℤ. Moreover, we present illustrative numerical examples to show the feasibility of our results.
Splenic Artery Pseudoaneurysm Presenting as Massive Hematemesis: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Varshney Peeyush , Songra Bhupen , Mathur Shivank , Gothwal Sudarshan , Malik Puneet , Rathi Mahnedra , Arya Rajveer
Published: February 2014

Introduction. Splenic artery Pseudoaneurysm, a complication of chronic pancreatitis, presenting as massive hematemesis is a rare presentation.Case Report. We present a case of 38-year-old male admitted with chief complaints of pain in the upper abdomen and massive hematemesis for the last 15 days. On examination there was severe pallor. On investigating the patient, Hb was 4.0 gm/dL, upper GI endoscopy revealed a leiomyoma in fundus of stomach, and EUS Doppler also supported the UGI findings. On further investigation of the patient, CECT of the abdomen revealed a possibility of distal pancreatic carcinoma encasing splenic vessels and infiltrating the adjacent structure. FNA taken at the time of EUS was consistent with inflammatory pathology. Triple phase CT of the abdomen revealed a splenic artery pseudoaneurysm with multiple splenic infarcts. After resuscitation we planned an emergency laparotomy; splenic artery pseudoaneurysm densely adherent to adjacent structures and associated with distal pancreatic necrosis was found. We performed splenectomy with repair of the defect in the stomach wall and necrosectomy. Postoperative course was uneventful and patient was discharged on day 8.Conclusion. Pseudoaneurysm can be at times a very difficult situation to manage; options available are either catheter embolisation if patient is vitally stable, or otherwise, exploration.
A TOTP-Based Enhanced Route Optimization Procedure for Mobile IPv6 to Reduce Handover Delay and Signalling Overhead
Authors: Shah Peer Azmat , Hasbullah Halabi B. , Lawal Ibrahim A. , Aminu Mu’azu Abubakar , Tang Jung Low
Published: February 2014

Due to the proliferation of handheld mobile devices, multimedia applications like Voice over IP (VoIP), video conferencing, network music, and online gaming are gaining popularity in recent years. These applications are well known to be delay sensitive and resource demanding. The mobility of mobile devices, running these applications, across different networks causes delay and service disruption. Mobile IPv6 was proposed to provide mobility support to IPv6-based mobile nodes for continuous communication when they roam across different networks. However, the Route Optimization procedure in Mobile IPv6 involves the verification of mobile node’s reachability at the home address and at the care-of address (home test and care-of test) that results in higher handover delays and signalling overhead. This paper presents an enhanced procedure, time-based one-time password Route Optimization (TOTP-RO), for Mobile IPv6 Route Optimization that uses the concepts of shared secret Token, time based one-time password (TOTP) along with verification of the mobile node via direct communication and maintaining the status of correspondent node’s compatibility. The TOTP-RO was implemented in network simulator (NS-2) and an analytical analysis was also made. Analysis showed that TOTP-RO has lower handover delays, packet loss, and signalling overhead with an increased level of security as compared to the standard Mobile IPv6’s Return-Routability-based Route Optimization (RR-RO).
The Effect ofTrichodermaon Heavy Metal Mobility and Uptake byMiscanthus giganteus,Salixsp.,Phalaris arundinacea, andPanicum virgatum
Authors: Kacprzak Malgorzata J. , Rosikon Karolina , Fijalkowski Krzysztof , Grobelak Anna
Published: February 2014

The effect of land application of biomaterials based on two strains ofTrichodermafungus on phytoremediation processes was studied. Six metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni) were analysed in soil and soil leachate as well as in plant tissues. The translocation index (Ti) and metal bioconcentration factors (BCF) calculated for the inoculated plants were increased compared to the noninoculated control, except for Pb andSalixsp. Simultaneously, the mobilisation of metals in soil solution as an effect of biomaterials was noted. The highest values ofTi—339% (for Cr), 190% (for Ni), and 110% (for Cu)—were achieved for the combinationMiscanteus giganteusandTrichodermaMSO1. The results indicated that the application of fungus has positive effects on increasing the biomass, soil parameters (C, N, and P), and solubility of heavy metals in soil and therefore in enhancing phytoextraction forMiscanthus giganteusL.,Panicum virgatumL.,Phalaris arundinaceaL., andSalixsp.
Association of Body Mass Index with Hemoglobin Concentration and Iron Parameters in Iranian Population
Authors: Ghadiri-Anari Akram , Nazemian Narjes , Vahedian-Ardakani Hassan-Ali
Published: February 2014

Background. Studies have reported that obesity has an adverse effect on iron metabolism. Obesity is characterized by chronic, low-grade, systemic inflammation and anemia of chronic disease with elevated serum ferritin and decreased level of serum iron, transferrin saturation, and hemoglobin. Therefore, we examined the association of body mass index with hemoglobin concentration and iron parameters in this study. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Yazd to assess the relation of body mass index with hemoglobin and iron parameters among 406 adult patients 18–65 years old. Diabetes and conditions that could influence body iron stores were excluded. Results. There is no difference in hemoglobin concentrations, MCV, serum iron, TIBC, transferrin saturation index, and ferritin between normal weight, overweight, and obese persons. Conclusion. Nutritional status of persons and intake of high iron foods by obese persons should be considered. Also, other inflammatory markers should be evaluated in the future studies.
Influence of the Slag Density on the Splashing Process in a Steelmaking Converter
Authors: Barron Miguel A. , Medina Dulce Y. , Hilerio Isaias , Plascencia Gabriel
Published: February 2014

The way in which slag density influences the slag splashing phenomenon in an oxygen steelmaking converter is numerically analyzed in this work. Several values of the density of the slag are considered, and their effect on the global mass balance and slag average volume fraction on the sidewalls of the converter is studied using isothermal, two-dimensional transient computational fluid dynamics simulations. Diameter of the slag drops is determined from the slag density and the impact velocity of the nitrogen jet. Besides, the effect of the nitrogen jet Mach number on the slag splashing is simulated and discussed. A qualitative comparison between the computer simulations and results from the literature is made.
On(Δm,I)-Statistical Convergence of Orderα
Authors: Et Mikail , Alotaibi Abdullah , Mohiuddine S. A.
Published: February 2014

The idea ofI-convergence of real sequences was introduced by Kostyrko et al., (2000/01) and also independently by Nuray and Ruckle (2000). In this paper, we introduce the concepts of(Δm,I)-statistical convergence of orderαand strong(Δpm,I)-Cesàro summability of orderαof real sequences and investigated their relationship.
Flow Cytometry Assessment of In Vitro Generated CD138+Human Plasma Cells
Authors: Itoua Maïga Rayelle , Lemieux Jennifer , Roy Annie , Simard Carl , Néron Sonia
Published: February 2014

The in vitro CD40-CD154 interaction promotes human B lymphocytes differentiation into plasma cells. Currently, CD138 is the hallmark marker enabling the detection of human plasma cells, both in vitro and in vivo; its presence can be monitored by flow cytometry using a specific antibody. We have developed a culture system allowing for the differentiation of memory B lymphocytes. In order to detect the newly formed plasma cells, we have compared their staining using five anti-CD138 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). As a reference, we also tested human cell lines, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and bone marrow samples. The five anti-CD138 mAbs stained RPMI-8226 cells (>98%) with variable stain index (SI). The highest SI was obtained with B-A38 mAb while the lowest SI was obtained with DL-101 and 1D4 mAbs. However, the anti-CD138 mAbs were not showing equivalent CD138+cells frequencies within the generated plasma cells. B-A38, B-B4, and MI-15 were similar (15–25%) while DL-101 mAb stained a higher proportion of CD138-positive cells (38–42%). DL-101 and B-A38 mAbs stained similar populations in bone marrow samples but differed in their capacity to bind toCD138highandCD138locell lines. In conclusion, such cellular fluctuations suggest heterogeneity in human plasma cell populations and/or in CD138 molecules.
Switching Fuzzy Guaranteed Cost Control for Nonlinear Networked Control Systems
Authors: Cai Linqin , Yang Zhuo , Yu Jimin , Zhang Zhenhua
Published: February 2014

This paper deals with the problem of guaranteed cost control for a class of nonlinear networked control systems (NCSs) with time‐varying delay. A guaranteed cost controller design method is proposed to achieve the desired control performance based on the switched T‐S fuzzy model. The switching mechanism is introduced to handle the uncertainties of NCSs. Based on Lyapunov functional approach, some sufficient conditions for the existence of state feedback robust guaranteed cost controller are presented. Simulation results show that the proposed method is effective to guarantee system’s global asymptotic stability and quality of service (QoS).
A Stacked Microstrip Antenna Array with Fractal Patches
Authors: Ren Xueyao , Chen Xing , Liu Yufeng , Jin Wei , Huang Kama
Published: February 2014

A novel microstrip antenna array, which utilizes Giuseppe Peano fractal shaped patches as its radiation elements and adopts a two-layer stacked structure for achieving both wideband and high-gain properties, is proposed. Parametric study estimates that the proposed antenna’s size can be arbitrarily adjusted by changing the fractal proportion while high aperture efficiency is maintained. Two prototypes with 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 fractal patches, respectively, on each layer are designed, fabricated, and measured. Both simulation and measurement results demonstrate that the proposed antenna possesses encouraging performances of wideband, high directivity, and high aperture efficiency simultaneously; for example, for the two prototypes, theirS11<-10 dB impedance bandwidths are 23.49% and 18.49%, respectively; at the working frequency of 5.8 GHz, their directivities are 12.2 dBi and 18.2 dBi, and their corresponding aperture efficiencies are up to 91.0% and 90.5%, respectively.
Dynamics of a Viral Infection Model with General Contact Rate between Susceptible Cells and Virus Particles
Authors: Dai Chenxi , Ma Cui , Song Lijuan , Wang Kaifa
Published: February 2014

This paper investigates the dynamic behavior of a viral infection model with general contact rate between susceptible host cells and free virus particles. If the basic reproduction number of the virus is less than unity, by LaSalle’s invariance principle, the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. If the basic reproduction number of the virus is greater than unity, then the virus persists in the host and the endemic equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable.
Best Possible Approximation Algorithms for Single Machine Scheduling with Increasing Linear Maintenance Durations
Authors: Shi Xuefei , Xu Dehua
Published: February 2014

We consider a single machine scheduling problem with multiple maintenance activities, where the maintenance duration function is of the linear formft=a+btwitha≥0andb>1. We propose an approximation algorithm named FFD-LS2I with a worst-case bound of 2 for problem. We also show that there is no polynomial time approximation algorithm with a worst-case bound less than 2 for the problem withb≥0unlessP=NP, which implies that the FFD-LS2I algorithm is the best possible algorithm for the caseb>1and that the FFD-LS algorithm, which is proposed in the literature, is the best possible algorithm for the caseb≤1both from the worst-case bound point of view.
A Statistical Approach to Optimizing Concrete Mixture Design
Authors: Ahmad Shamsad , Alghamdi Saeid A.
Published: February 2014

A step-by-step statistical approach is proposed to obtain optimum proportioning of concrete mixtures using the data obtained through a statistically planned experimental program. The utility of the proposed approach for optimizing the design of concrete mixture is illustrated considering a typical case in which trial mixtures were considered according to a full factorial experiment design involving three factors and their three levels (33). A total of 27 concrete mixtures with three replicates (81 specimens) were considered by varying the levels of key factors affecting compressive strength of concrete, namely, water/cementitious materials ratio (0.38, 0.43, and 0.48), cementitious materials content (350, 375, and 400 kg/m3), and fine/total aggregate ratio (0.35, 0.40, and 0.45). The experimental data were utilized to carry out analysis of variance (ANOVA) and to develop a polynomial regression model for compressive strength in terms of the three design factors considered in this study. The developed statistical model was used to show how optimization of concrete mixtures can be carried out with different possible options.
Pharmacological Profile of Quinoxalinone
Authors: Ramli Youssef , Moussaif Ahmed , Karrouchi Khalid , Essassi El Mokhtar
Published: February 2014

Quinoxalinone and its derivatives are used in organic synthesis for building natural and designed synthetic compounds and they have been frequently utilized as suitable skeletons for the design of biologically active compound. This review covers updated information on the most active quinoxalinone derivatives that have been reported to show considerable pharmacological actions such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiviral, antitumor, and antitubercular activity. It can act as an important tool for chemists to develop newer quinoxalinone derivatives that may prove to be better agents in terms of efficacy and safety.
Potential Use ofC60/2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin Nanoparticles as a New Photosensitizer in the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Altaf Abdulmalik , Aldawsari Hibah , Banjar Zainy M. , Iohara Daisuke , Anraku Makoto , Uekama Kaneto , Hirayama Fumitoshi
Published: February 2014

The photosensitizing ability of C60/2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CyD) nanoparticles under visible light irradiation was studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) and phototoxicity on cancer cells. In addition, the photoinduced antitumor effect to the tumor-bearing mice was evaluated. C60nanoparticles were prepared by grinding a mixture of HP-β-CyD. The resulting C60/HP-β-CyD nanoparticles were highly-sensitive to visible light and generated higher levels of1O2than protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). C60/HP-β-CyD reduced the viability of cancer cells (HeLa cells and A549 cells) in response to irradiation by visible light in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50values of the C60/HP-β-CyD nanoparticles was 10 μM for HeLa cells and 60 μM for A549 cells at an irradiation level of 35 mW/cm2. The photodynamic effect of C60/HP-β-CyD nanoparticles on thein vivogrowth of mouse sarcoma S-180 cells was evaluated after intratumor injection. The outcome of PDT by C60/HP-β-CyD was directly dependent on the dose of irradiated light. Treatment with C60/HP-β-CyD nanoparticles at a C60dose of 2.0 mg/kg under visible light irradiation at 350 mW/cm2(63 J/cm2) markedly suppressed tumor growth, whereas that at 30 J/cm2was less effective. These findings suggest that C60/HP-β-CyD nanoparticles represent a promising candidate for use in cancer treatment by PDT.
A Dual-Mode Bandpass Filter with Multiple Controllable Transmission-Zeros Using T-Shaped Stub-Loaded Resonators
Authors: Yao Zh. , Wang C. , Kim N. Y.
Published: February 2014

A dual-mode broadband bandpass filter (BPF) with multiple controllable transmission-zeros using T-shaped stub-loaded resonators (TSSLRs) is presented. Due to the symmetrical plane, the odd-even-mode theory can be adopted to characterize the BPF. The proposed filter consists of a dual-mode TSSLR and two modified feed-lines, which introduce two capacitive and inductive source-load (S-L) couplings. Five controllable transmission zeros (TZs) can be achieved for the high selectivity and the wide stopband because of the tunable amount of coupling capacitance and inductance. The center frequency of the proposed BPF is 5.8 GHz, with a 3 dB fraction bandwidth of 8.9%. The measured insertion and return losses are 1.75 and 28.18 dB, respectively. A compact size and second harmonic frequency suppression can be obtained by the proposed BPF with S-L couplings.
EPDM Based Double Slope Triangular Enclosure Solar Collector: A Novel Approach
Authors: Qureshi Shafiq R. , Khan Waqar A. , Sarwar Waqas
Published: February 2014

Solar heating is one of the important utilities of solar energy both in domestic and industrial sectors. Evacuated tube heaters are a commonly used technology for domestic water heating. However, increasing cost of copper and nickel has resulted in huge initial cost for these types of heaters. Utilizing solar energy more economically for domestic use requires new concept which has low initial and operating costs together with ease of maintainability. As domestic heating requires only nominal heating temperature to the range of 60–90°C, therefore replacing nickel coated copper pipes with any cheap alternate can drastically reduce the cost of solar heater. We have proposed a new concept which utilizes double slope triangular chamber with EPDM based synthetic rubber pipes. This has reduced the initial and operating costs substantially. A detailed analytical study was carried out to design a novel solar heater. On the basis of analytical design, a prototype was manufactured. Results obtained from the experiments were found to be in good agreement with the analytical study. A maximum error of 10% was recorded at noon. However, results show that error is less than 5% in early and late hours.
Heritage Multimedia and Children Edutainment: Assessment and Recommendations
Authors: Haddad Naif A.
Published: February 2014

Despite the rising commodification of heritage sites and practices, children engagement in their own cultures remains incredibly low, greatly endangering the future preservation of nations’ unique nonrenewable resource. Considering children’s very early engagement with cultural attitudes and identities, it is increasingly critical to develop a deeply rooted culture of responsibility and conservation from the earliest years, ensuring that children naturally feel invested in their surroundings. Unfortunately, heritage education remains largely undervalued, with most efforts relying on in-person experiences in formal cultural institutions. This paper thus aims to explore how heritage education can be redefined, using some of the most innovative virtual imaging and artificial reality technologies to at once expand access and engagement with one’s own history. Though there have been introductory applications of this edutainment multimedia technology, it will require a multidisciplinary team to create heritage programming which is as entertaining as it is intellectually challenging for young children. With the rich resources of 3D imaging and interactive programming already at our disposal, we are well-equipped to do so, given a coordinated effort.
Indications for the Occurrence of Gas Hydrates in the Fram Strait from Heat Flow and Multichannel Seismic Reflection Data
Authors: Geissler W. H. , Pulm P. V. , Jokat W. , Gebhardt A. C.
Published: February 2014

The distribution of gas hydrates recently raised increased attention, especially along glaciated continental margins, due to its potential importance for slope stability and global climate. We present new heat flow data together with multichannel reflection seismic data from the central Fram Strait in-between Northeast Greenland and Svalbard. This area is only accessible by icebreaking vessels, and, therefore, knowledge about this area is still sparse. The new heat flow data concur with previous measurements in the region. High temperature gradients of >200 mK/m were recorded along the active spreading zone in the Fram Strait, and gradients of 75 mK/m along the western slope of Yermak Plateau. Along the Northeast Greenland slope, the measured gradients reach 54 mK/m at maximum. Seismic data image bottom-simulating reflections proofing that the known gas-hydrate province spreads much further north along the western slope of the Yermak Plateau than previously known. Existing slide scars indicate that there might be a causal relationship between the occurrence of gas hydrates and slope instability in that area. Along the Northeast Greenland continental margin and in the adjacent abyssal plain, strong indications for the occurrence of gas within the sedimentary basins and for its migration along fault zones and chimney-like structures are found.
Immunoregulatory Effects of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Nasal Polyp Microenvironment
Authors: Pezato Rogério , Almeida Danilo Cândido de , Bezerra Thiago Freire , Silva Fernando de Sá , Perez-Novo Claudina , Gregório Luís Carlos , Voegels Richard Louis , Câmara Niels Olsen , Bachert Claus
Published: February 2014

Nasal polyposis is a severe, chronic inflammatory condition of the paranasal sinuses and is frequently associated with asthma and aspirin sensitivity. Mesenchymal stem cells exhibit a potent immunosuppressive effect in several inflammatory conditions, and their role in nasal polyposis remains little explored. Hence, we investigated whether bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells could modulate cell phenotype in the nasal polyp milieu. After coculture with mesenchymal stem cells, the frequency of these inflammatory cells was found to decrease. Furthermore, mesenchymal stem cells promoted strong inhibition of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation, increased the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3 T cells, and changed the global cytokine profile from an inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory response. We believe that mesenchymal stem cells may be a very useful adjunct for investigation of the inflammatory process in nasal polyposis, contributing to better understanding of the inflammatory course of this condition.
Anticancer Activity ofTabernaemontana coronariaagainst Carcinogen Induced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Poornima K. , Gopalakrishnan V. K.
Published: February 2014

Medicinal plants have been used for treatment of various ailments since time immemorial.Tabernaemontana coronariais a flowering plant belonging to Apocynaceae family. Considering the very good antioxidant properties ofTabernaemontana coronaria, the anticancer property of the ethanolic extract was evaluated against DEN and Fe-NTA induced clear cell renal cell carcinoma. A group of male rats were induced with single intraperitoneal injection of DEN (200 mg/kg bw) and followed by Fe-NTA (9 mg Fe/kg bw) twice a week for 24 weeks. Another set of two groups were induced with carcinogens and treated with plant extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg bw), respectively. Further two sets of rats were treated with only the plant extracts. The therapeutic efficacy of the ethanolic extract ofTabernaemontana coronariawas observed in terms of normalization of altered renal oxidative stress parameters like LPO and enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants in kidney of rats. These results suggested that the plant extract could act against DEN and Fe-NTA induced clear cell renal cell carcinoma in male rats by a mechanism related to its antioxidant properties which was confirmed by histopathological studies.
Intelligent Selection of Machining Parameters in Multipass Turnings Using Firefly Algorithm
Authors: Belloufi Abderrahim , Assas Mekki , Rezgui Imane
Published: February 2014

Determination of optimal cutting parameters is one of the most important elements in any process planning of metal parts. In this paper, a new optimization technique, firefly algorithm, is used for determining the machining parameters in a multipass turning operation model. The objective considered is minimization of production cost under a set of machining constraints. The optimization is carried out using firefly algorithm. An application example is presented and solved to illustrate the effectiveness of the presented algorithm.
Effects of Thapsigargin on the Proliferation and Survival of Human Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Cells
Authors: Wang Hui , Jia Xiu-zhi , Sui Chun-jie , Zhao Yan-ping , Mei Yi-fang , Zheng Yi-ning , Zhang Zhi-yi
Published: February 2014

A series of experiments have been carried out to investigate the effects of different concentrations of thapsigargin (0, 0.001, 0.1, and 1 μM) on the proliferation and survival of human rheumatoid arthritis synovial cells (MH7A). The results showed that thapsigargin can block the cell proliferation in human rheumatoid arthritis synovial cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Results of Hoechst staining suggested that thapsigargin may induce cell apoptosis in MH7A cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and the percentages of cell death reached 44.6% at thapsigargin concentration of 1 μM treated for 4 days compared to the control. The protein and mRNA levels of cyclin D1 decreased gradually with the increasing of thapsigargin concentration and treatment times. Moreover, the protein levels of mTORC1 downstream indicators pS6K and p4EBP-1 were reduced by thapsigargin treatment at different concentrations and times, which should be responsible for the reduced cyclin D1 expressions. Our results revealed that thapsigargin may effectively impair the cell proliferation and survival of MH7A cells. The present findings will help to understand the molecular mechanism of fibroblast-like synoviocytes proliferations and suggest that thapsigargin is of potential for the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Hearing and Neurological Impairment in Children with History of Exchange Transfusion for Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Martínez-Cruz Carlos F. , García Alonso-Themann Patricia , Poblano Adrián , Cedillo-Rodríguez Ileana A.
Published: February 2014

The objective was to determine frequency of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), identified by abnormal threshold in evoked potentials, absence of otoacoustic emissions and behavioral responses, auditory neuropathy (AN) (absence of evoked potentials, with preservation of otoacoustic emissions), and neurological comorbidity in infants with hyperbilirubinemia (HB) treated with exchange-transfusion (ET). From a total of 7,219 infants, ET was performed on 336 (4.6%). Inclusion criteria were fulfilled in 102; 234 children did not meet criteria (182 outside of the study period, 34 did not have complete audiological evaluation, and 18 rejected the followup). Thirty-five children (34%) were born at-term and 67 (66%) were preterm. Children had a mean age of5.5±3.9years. Main causes of ET were Rh isoimmunization in 48 (47%), ABO incompatibility in 28 (27.5%), and multifactorial causes in 26 (25.5%). Fifteen (15%) children presented with SNHL. Preterm newborns presented more often with SNHL. Indirect bilirubin level was higher in children with SNHL (22.2 versus 18.7 mg/dL,P=0.02). No cases of AN were documented. An increased risk of neurologic sequelae was observed in children with SNHL. In conclusion, we disclosed a high frequency of SNHL in children with neonatal HB and ET and neurological alterations. No cases of AN were observed.
Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anus to the Lung Confirmed with Allelotyping
Authors: Roth Rachel , Moffatt-Bruce Susan , Leon Marino E.
Published: February 2014

Histopathologic techniques are insufficient for distinguishing primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from metastatic SCC, which is clinically important. A patient with SCC of the anus was found to also have SCC of the lung, and the question of metastatic versus synchronous primary diseases was raised. Immunohistochemical and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining on sections of tissue could not discriminate between the two entities. Immunostain for p16 and chromogenicin situhybridization for human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 were positive in both tumors. Additionally, allelotyping for loss of heterozygosity displayed similar findings and confirmed the histopathological impression of anal SCC metastasis to the lung. The patient was treated with palliative chemotherapy instead of additional surgical treatment. When multiple tumors are present, determining metastatic versus synchronous primary tumors is necessary for appropriate treatment. Identification can be achieved using allelotyping for loss of heterozygosity.
Primary Chest Wall Abscess Mimicking a Breast Tumor That Occurred after Blunt Chest Trauma: A Case Report
Authors: Yamaoka Yusuke , Yamamura Jun , Masuda Norikazu , Yasojima Hiroyuki , Mizutani Makiko , Nakamori Shoji , Kanazawa Toru , Kuriyama Keiko , Mano Masayuki , Sekimoto Mitsugu
Published: February 2014

Primary chest wall abscess occurring after blunt chest trauma is rare. We present the case of a 50-year-old woman who presented with a swelling in her left breast. The patient had experienced blunt chest trauma 2 months back. Needle aspiration revealed pus formation in the patient’s chest. Computed tomography revealed a mass in the lower region of the left mammary gland, with thickening of the parietal pleura and skin and fracture of the fifth rib under the abscess. Following antibiotic administration and irrigation of the affected region, surgical debridement was performed. During surgery, we found that the pectoralis major muscle at the level of the fifth rib was markedly damaged, although the necrotic tissue did not contact the mammary gland. We diagnosed the lesion as a chest wall abscess that occurred in response to blunt chest trauma. Her postoperative course was uneventful. There has been no recurrence for six months after surgery.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Ahamed Maqusood , Alhadlaq Hisham A. , Khan M. A. Majeed , Karuppiah Ponmurugan , Al-Dhabi Naif A.
Published: February 2014

We studied the structural and antimicrobial properties of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) synthesized by a very simple precipitation technique. Copper (II) acetate was used as a precursor and sodium hydroxide as a reducing agent. X‐ray diffraction patter (XRD) pattern showed the crystalline nature of CuO NPs. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and field emission transmission electron microscope (FETEM) demonstrated the morphology of CuO NPs. The average diameter of CuO NPs calculated by TEM and XRD was around 23 nm. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum and XRD pattern suggested that prepared CuO NPs were highly pure. CuO NPs showed excellent antimicrobial activity against various bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterococcus faecalis, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhimurium, Proteus vulgaris, and Staphylococcus aureus). Moreover, E. coli and E. faecalis exhibited the highest sensitivity to CuO NPs while K. pneumonia was the least sensitive. Possible mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of CuO NPs should be further investigated.
Spin Coated Plasmonic Nanoparticle Interfaces for Photocurrent Enhancement in Thin Film Si Solar Cells
Authors: Israelowitz Miriam , Amey Jennifer , Cong Tao , Sureshkumar Radhakrishna
Published: February 2014

Nanoparticle (NP) arrays of noble metals strongly absorb light in the visible to infrared wavelengths through resonant interactions between the incident electromagnetic field and the metal’s free electron plasma. Such plasmonic interfaces enhance light absorption and photocurrent in solar cells. We report a cost‐effective and scalable room temperature/pressure spin‐coating route to fabricate broadband plasmonic interfaces consisting of silver NPs. The NP interface yields photocurrent enhancement (PE) in thin film silicon devices by up to 200% which is significantly greater than previously reported values. For coatings produced from Ag nanoink containing particles with average diameter of 40 nm, an optimal NP surface coverage ϕ of 7% is observed. Scanning electron microscopy of interface morphologies revealed that for low ϕ, particles are well separated, resulting in broadband PE. At higher ϕ, formation of particle strings and clusters causes red‐shifting of the PE peak and a narrower spectral response.
Weak and Strong Limit Theorems for Stochastic Processes under Nonadditive Probability
Authors: Chen Xiaoyan , Chen Zengjing
Published: February 2014

This paper extends laws of large numbers under upper probability to sequences of stochastic processes generated by linear interpolation. This extension characterizes the relation between sequences of stochastic processes and subsets of continuous function space in the framework of upper probability. Limit results for sequences of functional random variables and some useful inequalities are also obtained as applications.