bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PROBLEM OF CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN FOREIGN RESEARCHES
Authors: Ilyin Valery A. , Salmina Nina G. , Zvonova Elena V.
Published: February 2023

Background. Intercultural interaction is the basis of positive development in the modern world. However, situations of confl icts and crises seriously disrupt cross-cultural communication. An analysis of the results of studies conducted in diff erent countries and in diff erent situations makes it possible to identify the psychological foundations for overcoming the negative consequences of violations of intercultural interaction. Objective. Present the experience of researching the problem of cross-cultural communication. Methods. Review of foreign literature. Results. An analysis of modern research on the problems of cross-cultural communication has shown that, with the unconditional recognition of the characteristics of the cultures to which the studied groups belong as the leading determinant of the study, there is no socio-psychological typology of cultures, which does not allow building a predictive analysis of the interaction of representatives of diff erent cultures. Th e studies describe various types of indirect, substitutive contact, the conditions of which allow establishing positive relationships, which is especially important in situations of protracted systemic political and economic crises. Researchers believe that objective conditions have developed for the functioning of intercultural psychology and that broad interdisciplinary cooperation is necessary to evaluate the eff ectiveness of the means of cross-cultural communication off ered by psychologists. Conclusion. Th e role of the semiotic approach in the study of cross-cultural communication is revealed. Since cultural diff erences are combined at the level of cultural codes, the semantic aspect of the combination of diff erent cultures is a source of possible misunderstandings and contradictions. Mediated, substitute, indirect contacts of people help to overcome misunderstandings and create a basis for active intercultural cooperation. In this case, conditions are created not only for understanding the representatives of contacting cultures, but the understanding of all representatives of a diff erent culture improves. Th e attitude towards representatives of cultures that do not participate in substitutive contact also improves.Th is eff ect is considered as intercultural competence.
ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF TYPES OF SOCIAL CREATIVITY WITH MORAL IDENTITY AND TOLERANCE
Authors: Meshkova Natalia V. , Enikolopov Sergey N. , Zharinova Yuliya I. , Mukovnina Darya D.
Published: February 2023

Background. Th e article presents the data of an empirical study of the relationship between tolerance, moral identity and social creativity. Th e defi nition of social creativity is given as the ability to generate original solutions to problems in social interaction. Th e classifi cation of social creativity according to the content of the task is proposed: prosocial and asocial (tasks with negative connotation) creativity Objective of the study was to identify the relationship between the types of social creative news with tolerance and moral identity. Sample. Th e study involved high school students and university and college students (N = 96). Methods. Th e methods of “Tolerance Index” (Soldatova et al.), moral identity (Aquino, Americus. II) and tasks for divergent thinking, as which situations with diff erent connotations were proposed — prosocial and negative. Results. Hypotheses about the positive relationship of prosocial creativity and the negative relationship of a creativity with tolerance and moral identity were tested. Th e hypotheses were partially confi rmed: a positive relationship of moral identity with antisocial creativity in a task with a prosocial connotation was revealed; a negative relationship of antisocial creativity in a revenge situation task with a moral and general tolerance index. Conclusion are drawn about the regulating and restraining function that tolerance and moral identity can perform in antisocial creativity: high values of parameters correlate with rejection of revenge, and vice versa, low values correlate with ideas of revenge, while the regulating role of moral identity may not be found in a prosocial situation. Th e ways of further study of social creativity are proposed and the importance for understanding the phenomenon of studying creativity in the case of respondents generating answers-refusals to off er solutions and answers of the opposite valence to the task is noted.
METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THEATRICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Mashkov Vladimir L. , Dolgikh Alexandra G. , Golik Sofiia V. , Samuseva Marina V.
Published: February 2023

Background Th e article reveals acting as an activity, the defi nition of the method of “psychophysical actions” in the context of mastering the acting role as a process of development of higher mental functions of actors. Objective. Th is article attempts to off er a psychological interpretation of the technologies of acting presented in the works of K.S. Stanislavsky, as well as his followers V.O. Toporkov, M.A. Chekhov, E.B. Vakhtangov, V.E. Meyerhold, M.O. Knebel, etc. from the point of view of L.S. Vygotsky’s cultural-historical approach, A.N. Leontiev’s theory of activity, psychological theories of communication and personality. Methods. The authors of the article analyze stage communication and personality development during the development of the role from the point of view of the basics of social psychology and personality psychology, and also reveal scientifi cally based psychological interpretations of the acting profession as a conscious continuous activity aimed at achieving the credibility and organic existence of an actor on stage. Results. Th e results of the theoretical analysis allow us to identify the mediation of theatrical activity by psychological patterns and technologies of analysis of the proposed circumstances of the role in the profession of the artist. Conclusion. As a conclusion, a reasoned position is given on the need for scientifi c study of acting using the methodology of psychological science in order to develop the most eff ective method for the development of the acting profession as a process of formation of higher mental functions and the choice of adequate psychophysical actions in the proposed circumstances of the role.
THE ROLE OF CONSCIOUS SELF-REGULATION IN THE DYNAMICS OF COGNITIVE ACTIVITY AND COGNITIVE ENGAGEMENT OF STUDENTS DURING THE TRANSITION FROM SECONDARY TO HIGH SCHOOL: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY
Authors: Bondarenko Irina N. , Tsyganov Igor Yu. , Morosanova Varvara I.
Published: February 2023

Background. A decrease in cognitive activity and the occurrence of various defi cits with a general decrease in a positive attitude to learning creates diffi culties in learning during the transition to high school. It becomes important to identify regulatory resources for development of cognitive activity and engagement during the period before the 9th grade, as well as at the beginning of high school. Objective — to identify the dynamics of cognitive activity and engagement during the transition from middle to high school and to assess the contribution of conscious self–regulation of eighth graders to this dynamic in the 9th and 10th grades. Sample. 156 eighth graders aged M=13.88; SD=0.445. In the 9th and 10th grades, repeated examinations were carried out using the same methods. As a result, longitudinal data was collected at three points. Methods. “Attitude to learning in middle and high school” (I.N. Bondarenko, I.Yu. Tsyganov, V.I. Morosanova). “Multidimensional scale of school engagement” (T.G. Fomina, V.I. Morosanova). Questionnaire of V.I. Morosanova “Style of self-regulation of learning activity, SRLAQ-M” (V.I. Morosanova, I.N. Bondarenko). Results. We revealed between individual diff erences in the trajectories of cognitive engagement, but they were not revealed for cognitive activity. It is shown that in order to successfully maintain cognitive activity and engagement in high school, it is important to achieve the maximum level of their development in the 8th grade, a year before the state exams. Longitudinal analysis has shown that school engagement is more associated with conscious self-regulation in comparison with cognitive activity, which signifi cantly depends on external factors. Conscious self–regulation, fulfi lling its resource role, on the one hand, makes a direct contribution to the level of development of these characteristics, on the other hand, prevents their sharp decline in case of diffi culties or temporary failures. Conclusion. Th e development of conscious self-regulation in secondary school is able to compensate for the negative trends of falling cognitive activity and engagement that occur in high school students.
Theory, change and the search for epistemological courage in shaping a new world order
Authors: Swatuk Larry A.
Published: February 2023

No matter how narrowly you focus your spatial or temporal lenses, you are bound to catch sight of multiple significant challenges to human community. Many of these challenges are shared, such as Covid-19, though their impacts on individuals and groups are felt unevenly. Some challenges are immediate and existential, such as the wars in Ukraine, Syria, and Yemen. Others, such as race, gender, caste, and class-based inequalities, are deeply embedded in social structures, providing privilege and persecution, and reward and oppression in unequal measures. And climate change, though slower moving, holds out the prospect of leading to total social collapse. How to make sense of these dramatic changes? This essay explores the adequacy of theories of IR and G/IPE in explaining the emergent world (dis)order. It argues that, whether orthodox or critical, theory must find a way to centre humanity within the biosphere if theory is to adequately inform practice.
Mental Health Underutilization by Palestinian-Arabs in Israel: Stigma-Related, Attitudinal, and Instrumental Barriers
Authors: Abo-Rass Fareeda , Abu-Kaf Sarah , Matzri Dvir , Braun-Lewensohn Orna
Published: February 2023

Background:

Many studies show that members of minority groups underutilize mental health services and report more barriers to such utilization than majority groups. However, very little is known about these barriers and their relation to mental health service use among the Palestinian-Arab minority in Israel.

Aims:

This study examined barriers to mental health service use in this population based on the stigma-related, attitudinal, and instrumental barriers dimensions of the Barriers to Care Evaluation scale (BACE v3) and its correlates to mental health service use.

Methods:

The participants were a convenience sample of 231 Palestinian Arabs. They completed measures of BACE v3, mental health service use, and sociodemographic characteristics.

Results:

The findings showed that participants who reported using mental health services had lower levels of barriers in all dimensions compared to those who did not use such services. Attitudinal barriers were found to be the main determinants of mental health service use.

Conclusions:

This study underscored the role of attitudinal barriers to the utilization of mental health services. The findings indicated that interventions addressing such barriers might be helpful in increasing mental health service use among the Palestinian-Arab minority in Israel as well as other minorities in Israel and elsewhere, who might share similar backgrounds and perceptions.
Gerard of Cremona’s Latin translation of the Almagest and the revision of tables
Authors: Zieme Stefan
Published: February 2023

Until the late 15th century, knowledge of Ptolemy’s Almagest in the Latin West was constituted by Gerard of Cremona’s translation from Arabic into Latin. The text of Gerard’s translation has been examined carefully and its dependence on two different Arabic versions is well studied. However, the tables of Gerard’s Latin Almagest have not been scrutinized, and the relation to their Arabic or Greek counterparts has not been examined. In this article, I will analyze the historical mathematical structure of tables in Gerard’s Latin Almagest translated from the Arabic in comparison to their Arabic and Greek precursors. While Gerard’s text has proved to be a faithful translation from Arabic templates, some of the tables will turn out to be different. Fundamental tables for, for example, the chord interpolation values, declination, and rising times appear to have been recomputed in order to match Ptolemy’s proofs and paradigm computations, which, in contrast, generally diverge in both Greek and Arabic tradition with the tables. It remains unclear if Gerard himself or someone in his company recalculated these tables and thus deliberately aimed to correct the ancient classic of astronomy. By a systematic analysis of these tables, I intend to provide a novel perspective on the medieval transmission and translation of knowledge, its cross-cultural exchange, and especially the practice of Gerard of Cremona and his collaborator(s).
Landscape, orientation and celestial phenomena on the ‘Coast of Death’ of NW Iberia
Authors: Higginbottom Gail , González-García A. César , Vilas-Estévez Benito , López-López Víctor , Criado-Boado Felipe
Published: February 2023

This paper investigates the land- and sky-scapes surrounding the dolmens of Costa da Morte (Coast of Death), Galicia. Having uncovered previously that the location of megalithic monuments in this coherent area of the south-eastern side of the European Atlantic Façade connects to complex topographical features, we now show how this chosen topography connects to astronomical phenomena. We will see how the detailed shape of the horizon coincides with specific risings and settings of the Sun and Moon, providing further support for the notion that the creators of these monuments selectively drew upon a variety of features found in their natural world.
Excessive Force or Armored Restraint? Government Mechanization and Civilian Casualties in Civil Conflict
Authors: Van Wie Ryan , Walden Jacob
Published: February 2023

Does increasing counterinsurgent mechanization result in higher levels of unintentional civilian casualties? Existing research on unintentional civilian victimization in recent conflicts has focused on air strikes, but this question remains unexplored in research examining counterinsurgent force structure for ground units. However, a host of counterinsurgency practitioners in Iraq have cited the mechanized forces’ effectiveness in delivering precision fires that limit civilian casualties. We propose an armored restraint theory, suggesting that mechanized crews’ armored protection enhances soldiers’ decision space when making the consequential choice to employ lethal force. When this enhanced decision space is combined with units that systematically respect jus in bello principles and non-combatant immunity norms, it results in armored restraint, which may reduce government-caused civilian casualties in civil conflicts. We test this theory using micro-data from Iraq and find mechanized units are associated with significantly lower civilian casualty levels compared to dismounted units.
Protests for Women's Rights and against the Bolsonaro Administration
Authors: Perez Olivia Cristina , Vaz de Moura Joana Tereza , Melo Caroline Bandeira de Brito
Published: February 2023

A review of the agendas of three recent Brazilian protests in defense of women's rights—#EleNão, International Women's Day, and the March of the Margaridas—and of the Bolsonaro government’s actions regarding women’s rights shows that confrontation is manifested on both sides. In a sense, the protests followed and encouraged the confrontation strategies used by the government.

Uma revisão das agendas de três recentes protestos brasileiros em defesa dos direitos das mulheres – #EleNão, Dia Internacional da Mulher e Marcha das Margaridas – e das ações do governo Bolsonaro em relação aos direitos das mulheres mostra que o confronto se manifesta em ambos os lados. De certa forma, os protestos acompanharam e estimularam as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas pelo governo.
‘One Thing’: Stoic Discourse and Paul’s Reevaluation of His Jewish Credentials in Phil. 3.1–21
Authors: Phillips Wilson Annalisa
Published: February 2023

Biblical scholars frequently discuss Paul’s relationship to his Jewish ancestral practices and heritage, a debate that is due in no small part to his inconsistency on the topic. Although some recent scholars have highlighted statements expressing Paul’s esteem for such credentials, the correct interpretation of his devaluation of them in Phil. 3.1–21 is a lingering scholarly problem. I argue that this text evidences adaptation of Stoic patterns of discourse that indicate that Paul’s devaluation does not depict his repudiation of such practices and credentials but his refusal to compare them to ‘knowing Christ’. His use of these patterns of discourse is designed to establish the first-order value of ‘knowing Christ’ and to model for the Philippians the epistemological evaluation he believed was crucial to their eschatological salvation.
Adaptive output feedback asymptotic tracking for uncertain nonlinear systems with dead-zone input
Authors: Duan Zhiyu , Wei Airong , Zhang Xianfu , Mu Rui
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the adaptive output feedback asymptotic tracking problem is investigated for nonlinear systems with dead-zone input and unknown nonlinearities, where only system output is available. First, an observer is constructed to estimate unavailable states. Then, by the observer and barrier Lyapunov function, an adaptive output feedback controller is designed, which compensates the influence of dead-zone input and unknown nonlinearities. Furthermore, based on the proposed controller and tuning function, the global boundedness of all signals in closed-loop system is achieved, and the tracking error can asymptotically converge to zero. Particularly, it should be noted that there is no need to calculate the derivatives of virtual control laws in controller design, thus reducing the computational complexity. Finally, two numerical examples are taken to verify the effectiveness of the designed controller.
Developing and Delivering Behavioral Interventions Through Telehealth
Authors: Carroll Regina , Halbur Mary , Preas Elizabeth
Published: February 2023

This special issue on telehealth in Behavior Modification features 10 studies related to developing and delivering behavioral interventions through telehealth. The studies in this issue cover a variety of topics including using telehealth to train caregivers, training clinicians to use telehealth, and directly implementing interventions or assessments through telehealth. The special issue concludes with a comprehensive literature review examining variables that impact the effectiveness of telehealth as a service-delivery tool.
Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yu , Liu Delong , She Cuiping
Published: February 2023

Objective

This study aims to investigate the clinical diagnosis and treatment characteristics of primary laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Patients and Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed for the data of 6 patients with primary laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinoma admitted to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Dalian Central Hospital from September 2015 to January 2022, all of whom were male patients. And laryngoscopy showed that 4 had a similar appearance to hemangioma, 1 had nodular hyperplasia, and 1 was papilloma-like. The site of onset was located on the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis in 3 cases, situated in the aryepiglottic fold in 2 cases, and the posterior ventricular zone in 1 case. Five patients underwent surgery, including 4 by transoral endoscopic cryogenic plasma radiofrequency mass resection; one underwent a cervical lymph node dissection and supraglottic horizontal hemilaryngectomy. The remaining 1 case was treated in another hospital after the pathological diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy. All patients had no cervical lymph node metastases and were not supplemented with chemoradiotherapy.

Results

The postoperative pathological diagnosis of all 5 patients was neuroendocrine carcinoma. No cancer cells were seen at the margins and base. One patient was lost to follow-up after treatment in another hospitals and the rest were followed up for 6 months to 6 years. One patient had removed laryngeal tumor and epiglottis by a low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation, recurrence 1 year after surgery, and no recurrence for 5 years after supraglottic horizontal hemilaryngectomy combined with prophylactic cervical lymph node dissection, no recurrence for the other 4 patients after 6 months to 4 years of follow-up.

Conclusion

The common sites of laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinoma are the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis and the aryepiglottic fold. The appearance of the tumor is mainly similar to that of hemangioma. Moreover, a common pathological classification is atypical carcinoid tumors, where early detection and surgical treatment can achieve a good therapeutic effect.
“They Don’t Have the Right to Be Touching Girls”: Understanding Middle School Students’ Consent Scripts
Authors: Ewing Eve L. , Khatri Sanya M. , Irsheid Sireen B. , Castleberry Leah Y.
Published: February 2023

Background/Context:

Research suggests that sexual harassment and assault are distressingly common occurrences in middle school settings. However, prevention efforts have largely focused on secondary and post-secondary settings. While research-based initiatives to discuss consent could be effective, currently there is a dearth of literature on middle school students’ beliefs or attitudes on consent and sexual assault, which could inform such initiatives.

Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study:

Using the concept of “consent scripts,” this study asks: How do seventh- and eighth-grade students define, proscribe, understand, and operationalize consent as a concept?

Research Design:

We surveyed 177 middle school students about their ideas regarding consent and their analysis of scenarios of dubious consent, and conducted follow-up in-depth semi-structured interviews with 66 of the participants.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

We identify four consent scripts prevalent among middle school students 1) consent works differently within relationships; 2) seeking consent is a form of empathy; 3) acts of seeking or violating consent are informed by norms of masculinity; and 4) close friends will respect norms of consent. These findings can inform sexual assault prevention and intervention efforts in the middle school context.
Seeing the Visibly Invisible: An Intersectional Analysis of the Employee Experiences of Black Female Rural Educators
Authors: Tran Henry , Cunningham Kathleen M. W. , Hardie Suzy , Taylor Tammy , Sauls Rinice
Published: February 2023

Background/Context:

Progressive human resources thinking has suggested the importance of employee experiences for workforce engagement, inclusion, and retention, but the intentional design of positive employee experiences requires a deep understanding of workers’ lived experiences in order to respond to their differentiated needs. Although the repeated marginalization of educators who are women, people of color, and from rural spaces have each received attention in their respective literature, little scholarship has intentionally studied the work lives of those who claim all three identities simultaneously.

Purpose:

Based on this omission, the present work employs an intersectionality analysis to seek understanding of the employee experiences of Black female rural educators across their career cycles, with the goal of helping employers better craft supportive work experiences for them.

Research Design:

Data are collected from semistructured phenomenological interviews with 10 rural Black principals across five school districts, who are asked to reflect on the experiences of their education career journey, from teaching to school leadership.

Conclusion/Recommendations:

Findings suggest that the participants’ racial, gender, role, and context identities uniquely impacted each phase of their employee life cycle and therefore require customized attention.
Pay Justice and Pay Satisfaction: The Influence of Reciprocity, Social Comparisons, and Standard of Living
Authors: Adriaans Jule , Sauer Carsten , Moya Cristóbal
Published: February 2023

This study compares two pay evaluations: pay justice and pay satisfaction. Conceptually, pay justice entails a moral assessment and is more specific to work, whereas pay satisfaction is a broader attitude that includes non-work-related factors. We analyzed German employee data and found overall similarity in determinants but differences in proximity to work contexts. Pay satisfaction was more strongly associated with private pay comparisons and standard of living, whereas pay justice was more strongly associated with reciprocity in the employer-employee relationship through working hours and comparisons at work. The results therefore suggest that employers can influence pay justice more easily than pay satisfaction by means of addressing imbalances in the employer-employee exchange and within organizational pay structures.
Comparison of locomotor stimulant and drug discrimination effects of four synthetic cathinones to commonly abused psychostimulants
Authors: Shetty Ritu A. , Hoch Adam C. , Sumien Nathalie , Forster Michael J. , Gatch Michael B.
Published: February 2023

Background:

The underground market is constantly flooded with newer synthetic as alternatives to the older cathinones. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) has identified four cathinone compounds of particular concern: 3,4-methylenedioxy-alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (3,4-MD-α-PHP), 4-chloro-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (4-Cl-α-PPP), alpha-pyrrolidinoisohexiophenone (α-PiHP) and 4-chloro-pentedrone (4-Cl-pentedrone).

Aims:

The current study aimed to evaluate the behavioral pharmacology of four synthetic cathinones

Methods:

3,4-MD-α-PHP, 4-Cl-α-PPP, α-PiHP, and 4-CPD were tested for locomotor activity in mice and in a drug discrimination assay with rats trained to discriminate either methamphetamine or cocaine.

Results:

Locomotor stimulant effects of 3,4-MD-α-PHP ((effective dose) ED50 = 1.98 mg/kg), α-PiHP (ED50 = 2.46 mg/kg), and 4-Cl-α-PPP (ED50 = 7.18 mg/kg) were observed within 10 min following injection and lasted from 2 to 3.5 h. The stimulant action of 4-CPD (ED50 = 17.24 mg/kg) was delayed, occurring 40–70 min following injection. The maximal motor stimulant actions of 3,4-MD-α-PHP and α-PiHP 1 were equivalent to that of cocaine and methamphetamine, whereas 4-CPD (50% of cocaine) and 4-Cl-α-PPP (73% of cocaine) were less efficacious. All of the test compounds fully substituted for the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine, 3,4-MD-α-PHP (ED50 = 2.28 mg/kg), α-PiHP (ED50 = 3.84 mg/kg), and 4-Cl-α-PPP (ED50 = 15.56 mg/kg). Only 3,4-MD-α-PHP (ED50 = 1.65 mg/kg), α-PiHP (ED50 = 1.87 mg/kg), and 4-Cl-α-PPP (ED50 = 9.79 mg/kg) fully substituted for the discriminative stimulus effects of methamphetamine. 4-Cl-pentedrone caused 55–70% methamphetamine-appropriate responding at doses that also suppressed responding and produced convulsions.

Conclusions:

These data indicate that 3,4-MD-α-PHP, α-PiHP, and 4-Cl-α-PPP have a potential for abuse similar to that of methamphetamine and cocaine. In contrast, 4-Cl-pentedrone may not be popular for recreational use due to its convulsant effects.
Spring–Mass–Damper-Based Platooning Logic for Automated Vehicles
Authors: Mirbakhsh Ardeshir , Lee Joyoung , Besenski Dejan
Published: February 2023

This paper applies a classical physics-based model to control platooning autonomous vehicles (AVs) in a commercial traffic simulation software. In the spring–mass–damper (SMD) model, each vehicle is assumed as a mass coupled with its preceding vehicle with a spring and a damper: the spring constant and damper coefficient control spacing and speed adoption between vehicles. Limitations on the platooning-oriented communication range and number of vehicles in each platoon are applied to the model to reflect real-world circumstances and avoid overlengthened platoons. The SMD model controls both intra-platoon and inter-platoon interactions. Initial evaluation of the model reveals that it does not cause a negative spacing error between AVs in a harsh deceleration scenario, guaranteeing safety. Besides that, the SMD model produces a smaller positive average spacing error than the VISSIM built-in platooning module, which prevents maximum throughput drop. The simulation result for a regular highway section reveals that the proposed platooning algorithm increases the maximum throughput by 10%, 29%, and 63% under 10%, 50%, and full market penetration rate (MPR) of AVs, respectively, with a 0.5 s response time. A merging section with different volume combinations on the main section and merging section and different MPRs of AVs is also modeled to test inter-platoon spacing policy effectiveness in accommodating merging vehicles. Travel time reductions of 20% and 4% are gained under a low MPR of AVs on the main lane and merging lane, respectively. Meanwhile, a more noticeable travel time reduction is observed in both main lane and merging lanes and under all volume combinations in higher AV MPRs.
LiDAR Perception and Evaluation Method for Road Traffic Marking Retroreflection
Authors: He Huayang , Xu Andi , Han Xiaokun , Wang Huifeng , Wang Luwan , Su Wenying
Published: February 2023

To solve the problem of low efficiency in retroreflection maintenance of road traffic markings, in this study a vehicle-mounted LiDAR-based perception and evaluation method of retroreflection of markings is proposed. First, this method establishes a calibration prediction model for LiDAR based on a regression decision tree. Then, a marking maintenance evaluation model is constructed in combination with the decision threshold proposed by China’s national standard, and the accuracy of the maintenance evaluation model is analyzed using F1-score, recall, and precision. In this study, four marking lines were used as the calibration data source, and a dataset of an independent 1,300 m road section was used to verify the established models. The results show that the coefficient of the retroreflected luminance ( RL) and the reflection intensity of the markings are positively correlated. During the construction of the calibration prediction model, the multiple linear regression functions, the second-order polynomial functions, and the decision tree are compared, and the result indicates that decision tree has the best fit to the data with the coefficient of determination for the established calibration prediction model better than 0.95. The agreement between the maintenance decision obtained from the maintenance evaluation model and the traditional method is more than 85%. The time cost is reduced by at least 90%. The proposed calibration prediction model can accurately predict the RL, and can quickly collect the RL values of the in-service road traffic markings. The proposed maintenance evaluation model is highly efficient and can replace the traditional evaluation method for markings.
Infrastructure Adaptation and Climate Resilience for California’s National Forests
Authors: Keller Gordon Rex
Published: February 2023

This paper describes the road infrastructure found in California’s national forests, their vulnerabilities, and specific measures that can be taken to adapt to projected climate change effects, thus minimizing damage from fires and storms. Over the past 40 years this region has been hit by numerous climate change–related events including droughts, major forest fires, major storms, and flooding. Billions of dollars in damage have been sustained and numerous lives lost. It is necessary now to assess vulnerabilities, rank resources at risk, and prioritize adaptation actions. The Forest Service has recently been involved in infrastructure vulnerability assessment and adaptation strategy projects involving climate model studies, interviews, a literature review, local workshops, website information, and publication of the project findings. Different agency vulnerability assessment methods have been reviewed to establish a functional assessment and risk analysis methodology. Efforts to mitigate the impacts of climate change have included greenhouse gas reduction from agency vehicles, evaluating alternative transportation routes, implementing energy-saving measures, and identifying “stormproofing” road design measures to reduce the vulnerability of roads to extreme climate-related events. Much of the effort has been the identification of road adaptation and resiliency measures, particularly measures that are practical and implementable at minimum cost. These measures include: routine road maintenance; relocating road segments as needed; adding trash racks and diversion prevention dips to prevent culvert failures; building stream simulation projects; protecting bridges from debris and scour; covering soil with deep-rooted vegetation; and using soil bioengineering stabilization and deep-patch shoulder reinforcement to prevent local slope failures.
Nonlinear Complementarity Model for Mixed-User Equilibrium Traffic Assignment and Mode Choice of Electric and Gasoline Vehicles
Authors: Davazdah Emami Behnam , Khani Alireza
Published: February 2023

In the early years of 21st century, the ever-increasing volume of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel consumption have made humans seek alternative, non-polluting fuels as an effective strategy to reduce pollution and prevent related environmental issues. Electric vehicles (EVs) are today known as one of the most effective solutions for this purpose. To inform transportation planning and policies pertinent to EVs, models are needed to capture travelers’ behavior for vehicle type and route choice and the impacts on traffic congestion. The present study proposes a mixed complementarity traffic assignment model for the networks involving both EVs and gasoline vehicles so that the demand for each vehicle class depends on the characteristics of the paths and availability of electric charging stations on the paths. To determine the demand of each class, this study applies a logit choice model, which incorporates the effect of ownership and operating costs on demand of each class under different subsidy policies. This paper further investigates the charging behavior of EVs by considering private and public charging facilities in urban areas. To this end, the complementary traffic assignment algorithm has been used to solve the mentioned assignment problem. Besides, we used a label-setting algorithm for solving the constraint shortest path problem. The results of applying the mixed-user equilibrium to Sioux Falls and Chicago sketch networks demonstrate that our proposed algorithm outperforms existing algorithms for both solution time and accuracy across multiple networks.
Impact of Device Type and Specimen Preparation on the Variability of the Indirect Tensile Cracking Test (IDT-CT) at Intermediate Temperatures
Authors: Habbouche Jhony , Boz Ilker , Diefenderfer Stacey D.
Published: February 2023

The Indirect Tensile Cracking Test (IDT-CT) is performed in accordance with ASTM D8225-19. This test method does not currently contain precision estimates. This creates potential issues when different test results are measured by individual laboratories conducting testing on the same asphalt mixture. In 2020, Phase I of an IDT-CT interlaboratory study (ILS) was conducted to establish precision estimates and statements for several indices associated with the IDT-CT (cracking tolerance index [CT index], fracture strain tolerance [FST], strength [St], and cracking resistance index [CRI]). This phase involved the evaluation of specimens fabricated and compacted by a third party laboratory and sent to participant laboratories for testing only. The objective of this paper was to assess the impact of device type and specimen preparation on the variability of IDT-CT results. This was accomplished through a second phase (Phase II) of the ILS program. This analysis involved the evaluation of specimens fabricated by the participant laboratories from loose mixtures, which were produced and sent from a third party laboratory along with detailed instructions for specimen fabrication and testing. The Phase II results suggest that device type might be a significant factor for mixtures with relatively low IDT-CT index values. Moreover, the precision estimates for the CT index, FST index, St, and CRI were determined. The precision estimates for single-operator conditions were similar, whether specimens of a given mixture were fabricated by the same laboratory or not. Finally, specimen preparation was found to induce additional variability in the precision estimates for multi-laboratory conditions.
MatFEA: Efficient Finite Element Framework for Analyzing Pavement Structures With Nonlinear Unbound Materials
Authors: Abdollahi Seyed Farhad , Kutay M. Emin , Ghazavi Mahdi
Published: February 2023

This paper reports the details of a computationally efficient finite element analysis code (called MatFEA), designed specifically for flexible pavements, where stress-dependent characteristics of unbound layers are considered. The stress-dependent nonlinearity of the unbound materials has been modeled in MatFEA through an iterative approach. MatFEA was mainly developed to improve the Mechanistic-Empirical Asphalt Pavement Analysis (MEAPA) web application with capability of analysis/design of nonlinear pavement structures. A specific-purpose mesh generation algorithm was developed for the MatFEA in which the mesh density was dynamically adjustable based on the expected stress magnitude. To verify the results of the MatFEA, 12,000 nonlinear pavement structures with different structural and loading properties were generated and analyzed with MatFEA. The same pavement structures were modeled in a general-purpose FE-based ABAQUS™ program. The results of this study showed that the critical pavement structural responses from the MatFEA were almost identical with those modeled by ABAQUS™ program. The average runtime of MatFEA for analyzing each pavement structure was about 1.13 s. Finally, it was concluded that application of the dynamically adjustable mesh generation algorithm in the MatFEA helped achieve a reasonably high accuracy as well as efficient runtime, which brings the advantage of implementing the MatFEA as a pavement structural response model in the mechanistic-empirical pavement analysis/design procedures.
Exploring the Nonlinearity of Commute-Time Utility Considering Individual Ideal Preferences and Tolerance ThresholdsC: ase Study in Kunming
Authors: Yang Jiankun , He Min , He Mingwei , Shi Zhuangbin , Liu Yang , Li Jianbo
Published: February 2023

Exploring the nonlinearity of commute-time utility is useful in predicting urban travel demand. However, existing studies assume that commute utility decreases linearly with commute time. This ignores the influence of commuters’ ideal preferences and tolerance thresholds on commute utility. To reveal the nonlinear variation of commute utility with commute time and its influence on the choice of commute mode, the ideal commute time (ICT) and the tolerance threshold for commute time (TTCT) were introduced. Three-piecewise linear utility models (Models 2, 3, 4) were constructed and compared with the linear utility multinomial logit model (Model 1). The results of empirical study showed that: (a) the goodness of fit of these three modified models is higher than that of Model 1, indicating that the fitting effect of the commute-time utility model can be improved with either or both the ICT and TTCT; (b) there is a nonlinear relationship between the commute utility and the commute time. The commute-time utility decreases slowly before ICT, declines steadily between the ICT and the TTCT, and falls significantly after TTCT; and (c) when the commute time exceeds the TTCT, the perceived utility of commuters traveling by walking or cycling decreases significantly, and there are few changes in the perceived utility of commuters by car, which increases the probability that commuters who use active modes will transfer to commuting by car. The research results have implications for improving the prediction capacity of commute mode choice model and could guide commuters to switch to more sustainable commute modes.
Linking Police and EMS Records: An Approach to Strengthen Bicyclist Injury Reporting
Authors: Schneider Robert J. , Willman Josie , Hargarten Stephen
Published: February 2023

Bicyclist injuries are underreported in police crash databases. We explored the value of linking police-reported crash data with emergency medical services (EMS) data within the City of Milwaukee, WI. Using data from 2014 to 2016, we linked records by inspection (identical date, similar time of day, and similar roadway location) and found 154 matching records between the two databases (representing 41% of the 375 police crash records and 44% of the 348 EMS injury records). Matched records were more likely to involve fatal and severe injuries according to police-assessed injury ratings. The two datasets also provided different insights into bicyclist injury crashes. Injuries captured only by police reports were significantly more likely than injuries captured only by EMS to be along high-traffic streets and commercial districts and significantly less likely to be near parks. Nearly all police records described the driver and bicyclist movements (e.g., turning) and operating behaviors (e.g., failure to yield) that had contributed to the crash. In addition to capturing more bicyclist injury events, EMS records revealed additional information about their causes. Twenty-three percent of EMS narratives described falls. These falls involved intoxication, striking a curb, swerving to avoid automobiles or other bicyclists, doing tricks, and getting a tire caught in rail tracks. Another 11% described bicyclists striking objects, including a bus stop shelter, stop sign, fire hydrant, and fence. Although there are strengths and limitations to both datasets, linking police-reported crashes with EMS records produced a broader understanding of bicyclist injuries.
Introducing a Framework for Cycling Investment Prioritization
Authors: Zhao Qiao , Manaugh Kevin
Published: February 2023

Concerns over urban congestion, air pollution, and health disparities have prompted many cities to expand their bicycle networks to foster a cycling culture. Given limited budgets, choosing a set of road segments for investments in cycling infrastructure to achieve a city’s ambitious goals is still a challenge. This study introduces a quantitative framework for prioritizing future bicycle improvement projects for implementation within budgetary constraints using different intervention strategies with regard to specific goals and objectives. The “connectivity-focused” prioritization strategy aims to consolidate bicycle networks and improve network connectivity. The “equity-based” strategy grows the bicycle networks and favors cycling equity goals; it prioritizes cycling projects that improve bicycle accessibility to urban opportunities for disadvantaged populations and mitigates disparities in access to bicycle facilities. The “modal shift” strategy seeks to build a bicycle network which would appeal to prospective bicycle commuters and thereby reduce vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The results highlight the importance of growing bicycle networks in a systematic way and show that this framework is useful for guiding the implementation of new bicycle facilities with specific policy priorities.
Living Arrangements and Education Duration Associated With Memory Clinic Attendance in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Honjo Yasuyuki , Kawasaki Ippei , Nagai Kuniaki , Harada Shun , Ogawa Noriyuki
Published: February 2023

Some new outpatients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD) do not regularly attend treatment appointments at memory clinics. To explore factors related to non-regular attendance, we divided new outpatients according to regular or non-regular attendance during the first 6 months of treatment and analyzed the relationship between individual patient factors and attendance. Approximately half of patients living alone did not regularly attend appointments. Living with family and longer duration of school education were significantly associated with regular attendance. Patients with mild or moderate AD attended appointments more regularly than patients with MCI or moderate-to-severe AD. Patients in Kyoto City had significantly better cognitive function than patients in satellite cities, and there were a significantly higher proportion of patients with MCI or AD at first visit in Kyoto City. Living arrangements and duration of education are important patient factors to consider to promote regular attendance at treatment appointments.
The Association between Primary Care Practices’ Structural Capabilities and Hospitalizations among Persons Living with Dementia
Authors: Hovsepian Vaneh E. , Sadak Tatiana , Schlak Amelia E. , Liu Jianfang , Poghosyan Lusine
Published: February 2023

Background: Persons living with dementia (PLWD) are more likely to be hospitalized than individuals without dementia. Little is known about key features (i.e., structural capabilities) in primary care practices where PLWD receive care. This study assessed the relationship between structural capabilities (i.e., care coordination, community integration, and reminder systems) and hospitalizations among PLWD. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from 5001 PLWD in 192 practices and used three datasets: nurse practitioner surveys, Medicare claims, and Minimum Data Set. Using generalized estimating equations, we evaluated the association between structural capabilities and hospitalizations. Results: PLWD who received care from practices with care coordination were less likely to have hospitalizations ( OR = 0.62, p < .05). No statistically significant associations were observed between community integration and reminder systems and hospitalizations. Conclusion: Primary care practices need to tailor structural capabilities to address the needs of PLWD to reduce hospitalizations.
Disaster waste management challenges and enabling factors for strategic planning: The case of the Beirut Port explosion
Authors: Al Tawil Lara , Massoud May A , Bardus Marco , Alameddine Ibrahim
Published: February 2023

Disasters occur in both developed and developing countries, generating large amounts of disaster waste including construction and demolition (C&D) waste that needs to be appropriately managed. While developed countries are capable of implementing adequate disaster waste management (DWM) strategies to facilitate their recovery processes, developing countries generally struggle to find the resources and expertise needed to develop such strategies. Lebanon is a developing country vexed by several systemic challenges that hindered its abilities to manage disaster waste. In this paper, we focus on the Beirut Port explosion (4 August 2020), which generated more than 800,000 tonnes of disaster wastes. This study first assesses the executed strategies and identifies their enabling factors and implementation challenges. It then proposes a framework for the proper management of disaster waste, which was validated through 18 in-depth interviews with experts and stakeholders involved in disaster management. Interview notes and transcripts were analyzed using an inductive-deductive process that allowed to identify themes using the constant comparative method. The data revealed that the main barriers toward implementing a successful DWM strategy were the absence of appropriate technologies, infrastructure, expertise, legislative framework and financial resources. The study concludes by proposing a DWM roadmap that includes contingency, risk reduction and implementation plans (IPs) that can enhance decision-making and ease the recovery process.