bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A large-scale sentiment analysis of tweets pertaining to the 2020 US presidential election
Authors: Ali Rao Hamza , Pinto Gabriela , Lawrie Evelyn , Linstead Erik J.
Published: June 2022

We capture the public sentiment towards candidates in the 2020 US Presidential Elections, by analyzing 7.6 million tweets sent out between October 31st and November 9th, 2020. We apply a novel approach to first identify tweets and user accounts in our database that were later deleted or suspended from Twitter. This approach allows us to observe the sentiment held for each presidential candidate across various groups of users and tweets: accessible tweets and accounts, deleted tweets and accounts, and suspended or inaccessible tweets and accounts. We compare the sentiment scores calculated for these groups and provide key insights into the differences. Most notably, we show that deleted tweets, posted after the Election Day, were more favorable to Joe Biden, and the ones posted leading to the Election Day, were more positive about Donald Trump. Also, the older a Twitter account was, the more positive tweets it would post about Joe Biden. The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of conducting sentiment analysis on all posts captured in real time, including those that are now inaccessible, in determining the true sentiments of the opinions around the time of an event.
Machine learning approaches to the human metabolome in sepsis identify metabolic links with survival
Authors: Kosyakovsky Leah B. , Somerset Emily , Rogers Angela J. , Sklar Michael , Mayers Jared R. , Toma Augustin , Szekely Yishay , Soussi Sabri , Wang Bo , Fan Chun-Po S. , Baron Rebecca M. , Lawler Patrick R.
Published: June 2022

Background

Metabolic predictors and potential mediators of survival in sepsis have been incompletely characterized. We examined whether machine learning (ML) tools applied to the human plasma metabolome could consistently identify and prioritize metabolites implicated in sepsis survivorship, and whether these methods improved upon conventional statistical approaches.

Methods

Plasma gas chromatography–liquid chromatography mass spectrometry quantified 411 metabolites measured ≤ 72 h of ICU admission in 60 patients with sepsis at a single center (Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA). Seven ML approaches were trained to differentiate survivors from non-survivors. Model performance predicting 28 day mortality was assessed through internal cross-validation, and innate top-feature (metabolite) selection and rankings were compared across the 7 ML approaches and with conventional statistical methods (logistic regression). Metabolites were consensus ranked by a summary, ensemble ML ranking procedure weighing their contribution to mortality risk prediction across multiple ML models.

Results

Median (IQR) patient age was 58 (47, 62) years, 45% were women, and median (IQR) SOFA score was 9 (6, 12). Mortality at 28 days was 42%. The models’ specificity ranged from 0.619 to 0.821. Partial least squares regression-discriminant analysis and nearest shrunken centroids prioritized the greatest number of metabolites identified by at least one other method. Penalized logistic regression demonstrated top-feature results that were consistent with many ML methods. Across the plasma metabolome, the 13 metabolites with the strongest linkage to mortality defined through an ensemble ML importance score included lactate, bilirubin, kynurenine, glycochenodeoxycholate, phenylalanine, and others. Four of these top 13 metabolites (3-hydroxyisobutyrate, indoleacetate, fucose, and glycolithocholate sulfate) have not been previously associated with sepsis survival. Many of the prioritized metabolites are constituents of the tryptophan, pyruvate, phenylalanine, pentose phosphate, and bile acid pathways.

Conclusions

We identified metabolites linked with sepsis survival, some confirming prior observations, and others representing new associations. The application of ensemble ML feature-ranking tools to metabolomic data may represent a promising statistical platform to support biologic target discovery.
Extracorporeal immune cell therapy of sepsis: ex vivo results
Authors: Klinkmann Gerd , Wild Thomas , Heskamp Benjamin , Doss Fanny , Doss Sandra , Arseniev Lubomir , Aleksandrova Krasimira , Sauer Martin , Reuter Daniel A. , Mitzner Steffen , Altrichter Jens
Published: June 2022

Background

Immune cell dysfunction plays a central role in sepsis-associated immune paralysis. The transfusion of healthy donor immune cells, i.e., granulocyte concentrates (GC) potentially induces tissue damage via local effects of neutrophils. Initial clinical trials using standard donor GC in a strictly extracorporeal bioreactor system for treatment of septic shock patients already provided evidence for beneficial effects with fewer side effects, by separating patient and donor immune cells using plasma filters. In this ex vivo study, we demonstrate the functional characteristics of a simplified extracorporeal therapy system using purified granulocyte preparations.

Methods

Purified GC were used in an immune cell perfusion model prefilled with human donor plasma simulating a 6-h treatment. The extracorporeal circuit consisted of a blood circuit and a plasma circuit with 3 plasma filters (PF). PF1 is separating the plasma from the patient’s blood. Plasma is then perfused through PF2 containing donor immune cells and used in a dead-end mode. The filtrated plasma is finally retransfused to the blood circuit. PF3 is included in the plasma backflow as a redundant safety measure. The donor immune cells are retained in the extracorporeal system and discarded after treatment. Phagocytosis activity, oxidative burst and cell viability as well as cytokine release and metabolic parameters of purified GCs were assessed.

Results

Cells were viable throughout the study period and exhibited well-preserved functionality and efficient metabolic activity. Course of lactate dehydrogenase and free hemoglobin concentration yielded no indication of cell impairment. The capability of the cells to secret various cytokines was preserved. Of particular interest is equivalence in performance of the cells on day 1 and day 3, demonstrating the sustained shelf life and performance of the immune cells in the purified GCs.

Conclusion

Results demonstrate the suitability of a simplified extracorporeal system. Furthermore, granulocytes remain viable and highly active during a 6-h treatment even after storage for 3 days supporting the treatment of septic patients with this system in advanced clinical trials.
Cross cultural adaptation and validation of Nepali Version of Activity Scale for Kids (ASK)
Authors: Shakya Regan , Suwal Renuka , Adhikari Ishwar , Shrestha Jasmine , Gyawali Subham , Shrestha Archana
Published: June 2022

Background

Activity Scale for Kids (ASK) is self reported, widely used tool to measure the physical disability in children aged 5–15 years. It has two versions; ASK-performance version and ASK-capability version, both with excellent psychometric properties in English and other translated languages. However, the tool is not available in Nepali. The aim of our study is to translate, culturally adapt and validate the tool in the context of the Nepali population.

Methods

A standard translation guideline was used to translate both the versions of ASK tool into the Nepali language. One hundred and two participants were assessed to establish the reliability and validity of the tool. Internal consistency and test retest reliability was established using cronbach’s alpha and intra class correlation coefficient. Validity was established by three methods; ceiling and floor effects, group discriminations, and comparing the results of ASK with the Nepali version of KINDL.

Results

The mean age of the sample participants were 12.74 years (SD 2.2). The internal consistency and test retest reliability for both the Nepali versions of ASK was significant at 0.98 and 0.94 respectively. The tool had a negligible ceiling effect (< 5%) but a moderate floor effect (ASKp-Np 7.8% and ASKc-Np 8.8%). It was able to discriminate between the mobility aid required for moving inside and outside the home environment. Moderate correlation was observed between the both the Nepali versions of ASK and the total score of KINDL (r = 0.5).

Conclusions

Nepali version of ASK is reliable and valid tool to measure physical disability in the Nepali pediatric population.
Long-term efficacy and risk factors for stent occlusion in portal vein stent placement: a multi-institutional retrospective study
Authors: Nakai Hirotsugu , Shimizu Hironori , Taniguchi Takanori , Kawahara Seiya , Yamaoka Toshihide , Sasaki Naoya , Isoda Hiroyoshi , Nakamoto Yuji
Published: June 2022

Background

Surgical treatment for PV (portal vein) stenosis/occlusion can pose a fatal risk of massive bleeding from severe adhesions and collateral vessel formation. PV stents placement is a minimally invasive and effective procedure for PV stenosis/occlusion, but PV stents sometimes occlude. The relationship between post-stent PV hemodynamics and stent occlusion has not been thoroughly investigated. Certain precautions during PV stent placement may reduce the risk of stent occlusion. This study aimed to evaluate long-term outcomes of PV stent patency and investigate factors including PV hemodynamics associated with stent occlusion.

Materials and methods

Thirty-four consecutive patients with PV stenosis/occlusion who underwent PV stent placement in four institutions between December 2006 and February 2021 were retrospectively examined. The primary study endpoints were technical success, clinical success, and cumulative stent patency rate. The secondary endpoints were risk factors of stent occlusion. A univariable Cox proportional hazards model with sixteen variables was used to determine predictors of stent occlusion. Factors with p-value ≤ 0.1 in univariable analysis were included in the multivariable analysis. Alpha was set at 0.05.

Results

Technical and clinical success rates were 88.2% and 79.4%, respectively. Six patients (17.7%) experienced stent occlusion. The cumulative stent patency rate at six months, one year, and three years was 79.1%, 79.1%, and 65.9%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, the variables with p-value ≤ 0.1 were lesion length > 4 cm, hepatofugal collateral vein visualization after stent placement, and residual stenosis > 30% after stent placement. In the multivariate analysis, residual stenosis > 30% after stent placement was significantly associated with stent occlusion (hazard ratio, 10.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–108.44; p = 0.04).

Conclusion

PV stent placement was technically feasible and effective in improving portal hypertension. However, stent occlusion was not uncommon. Residual stenosis > 30% after stent placement was significantly associated with stent occlusion. We should pay attention to correctly assess the range of stenosis and release the stenosis as much as possible.
Yield performance, adaptability and processing qualities of pre-release potato clones under different Rwandan agro-ecologies
Authors: Placide Rukundo , Theophile Ndacyayisenga , Vandamme Elke , Claude Nshimiyimana Jean , Thiago Mendes
Published: June 2022

Five new potato clones (CIP393280.64, CIP393371.58, CIP393077.159, CIP396018.241, and CIP398190.615) and two local checks (Kinigi and Kirundo) were evaluated in fourteen sites under the National Performance Trials (NPTs) for two growing seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications to identify their yield performance, adaptability and processing qualities. The data related to yield (number and weight of tubers per plot, marketable and unmarketable yields, and total yields) and processing qualities (tuber shape and depth of eyes, dry matter content, frying time, crisps color, taste, crunch, waste percentage, and conversion rate) were collected and analysed using GenStat 20th edition. The analysis of variance revealed significant effects of clone, site, and clone by site interaction on fresh tuber yield. Across all sites for both seasons, the clones CIP393077.159, CIP393371.58, and CIP393280.64 revealed the yields of 31, 28. and 27 tons/ha that fall in the same range of yields as local checks Kinigi and Kirundo with 30 and 35 tons/ha, respectively. Based on yield stability index (YSI) ranking combining high yield and stability, the first four genotypes were Kirundo, CIP393077.159, CIP39601.241, and CIP393371.58 with YSI of 16.6, 11.3, 9.1, and 7.3, respectively. All the new tested potato clones revealed higher dry matter (DM) content that was above 18% of total fresh weight except CIP396018.241 which had a DM content of 17% of fresh weight. This dry matter content was comparable with the dry matter content of local check Kinigi, the most popular varieties variety used for French fries in Rwanda. Based on crisps color, the clones CIP393077.159, CIP393280.64, CIP396018.241, CIP398190.615 showed the same trend as local check Kinigi. The crisps from these clones were ranked as good or very good for taste and crunch. The results of this study highlighted that the clones CIP393371.58 and CIP393077.159 can be recommended as candidate for new varieties for high fresh tuber yields; while the clones CIP398190.615, CIP396018.241, and CIP393280.64 can be recommended as candidate for new potato varieties for crisps and French fries.
Analysis of direct current resistivity data using continuous wavelet transform
Authors: Barbolla Dora Francesca , Negri Sergio , Fedi Maurizio
Published: June 2022

We have developed a new method for the direct current resistivity interpretation, based on the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) of electric potential-difference data. It exploits the main properties of the CWT, such as stability versus noise, and does not require a starting model or other a priori information such as a model weighting function or constraints. Because the approximate integral equation of the resistivity problem has the same form as the forward problem for potential fields, the authors analyze geoelectric data (with dipole-dipole configuration) using the wavelets belonging to the Poisson kernel semigroup. They find that the CWT analysis of the measured electric potential difference is able to identify buried bodies, defining their depth, position, and extent. Such parameters are estimated with no prior knowledge of the resistivity contrast between the bodies and the background. We consider several synthetic models, such as dikes, compact bodies, and contacts. In general, the depth and the lateral thickness of the buried bodies are estimated with good accuracy, using a diagram relating the singular point estimations to the different values of the dipole separation factor n. Thanks to the good results obtained from synthetic data, we test the method with data generated during laboratory experiments. In two laboratory-scale models, our method displays a better precision compared with smoothness-constrained least-squares inversion in identifying the exact position of the edges of a buried body. Finally, we find that combining CWT and inversion is advantageous: after constraining the inverse problem with a priori information from the CWT analysis, we obtain an improved inverse model.
Prognosis of Patients With Primary Melanoma Stage I and II According to American Joint Committee on Cancer Version 8 Validated in Two Independent Cohorts: Implications for Adjuvant Treatment
Authors: Garbe Claus , Keim Ulrike , Amaral Teresa , Berking Carola , Eigentler Thomas K. , Flatz Lukas , Gesierich Anja , Leiter Ulrike , Stadler Rudolf , Sunderkötter Cord , Tüting Thomas , Utikal Jochen , Wollina Uwe , Zimmer Lisa , Zouboulis Christos C. , Ascierto Paolo A. , Eggermont Alexander M.M. , Grob Jean-Jacques , Hauschild Axel , Sekulovic Lidija Kandolf , Long Georgina V. , Luke Jason J. , Michielin Olivier , Peris Ketty , Schadendorf Dirk , Kirkwood John M. , Lorigan Paul C. ,   on behalf of the Central Malignant Melanoma Registry (CMMR)
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE

The first randomized trial of adjuvant treatment with checkpoint inhibitor in stage II melanoma reported a significant reduction in risk of tumor recurrence. This study evaluates two independent data sets to further document survival probabilities for patients with primary stage I and II melanoma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The Central Malignant Melanoma Registry (CMMR) in Germany evaluated 17,544 patients with a primary diagnosis of stage I and II melanoma from 2000 to 2015. The exploratory cohort consisted of 6,725 patients from the Center for Dermato-Oncology at the University of Tübingen, and the confirmatory cohort consisted of 10,819 patients from 11 other German centers. Survival outcomes were compared with published American Joint Committee on Cancer version 8 (AJCCv8) stage I and II survival data.

RESULTS

For the two CMMR cohorts in stage IA compared with the AJCCv8 cohort, melanoma-specific survival rates at 10 years were 95.1%-95.6% versus 98%; 89.7%-90.9% versus 94% in stage IB; 80.7%-83.1% versus 88% in stage IIA; 72.0%-79.9% versus 82% in stage IIB; and 57.6%-64.7% versus 75% in stage IIC, respectively. Recurrence rates were approximately twice as high as melanoma-specific mortality rates in stages IA-IIA.

CONCLUSION

The melanoma-specific survival rates in the two CMMR cohorts across stages I and II are less favorable than published in AJCCv8. This has important implications for the consideration of adjuvant treatment in this population.
Homozygous Variant in KASH5 Causes Premature Ovarian Insufficiency by Disordered Meiotic Homologous Pairing
Authors: Zhang Qian , Tao Chengqiu , Gao Shuchang , Li Shan , Xu Bingying , Ke Hanni , Wang Yiyang , Zhang Feng , Qin Yingying , Zhang Ling , Guo Ting
Published: June 2022

Context

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects 1% to 3.7% of women at reproductive age, and its etiology is heterogeneous. The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, consisting of KASH5 and SUN1, plays an indispensable role in meiotic homolog pairing, determining the ovarian reserve. However, their roles in the pathogenesis of POI are unknown.

Objective

To investigate the role of KASH5 variation in the pathogenesis of POI.

Design

Whole-exome sequencing was performed in a pedigree with 2 POI patients. The pathogenicity of identified variant was illustrated by in vitro functional studies, and its effect on ovarian function and meiosis was confirmed by histological analysis and oocyte spreads with Kash5 C-terminal deleted mice model.

Results

A homozygous splicing site variant in KASH5 (c.747G > A) was identified. In vitro studies found the variant disturbed the nuclear membrane localization of KASH5 and its binding with SUN1. Moreover, the Kash5 C-terminal deleted mice revealed defective meiotic homolog pairing and accelerated depletion of oocytes.

Conclusions

The splicing site variant in KASH5 is responsible for POI due to defective meiotic homolog pairing and accelerated depletion of oocytes. Our study is the first to report disorganized LINC complex participating in POI pathogenesis, potentially suggesting the essential roles of meiotic telomere attachment and dynein-driven proteins for chromosome movement in ovarian function maintenance.
Successful Adrenal Vein Sampling Using Dexamethasone Premedication in Patients With Iodine Contrast Media Allergy
Authors: Younes Nada , Therasse Eric , Bourdeau Isabelle , Lacroix André
Published: June 2022

Context

Preparation of patients with iodine contrast media (ICM) allergy who require adrenal vein sampling (AVS) to establish source of aldosterone excess of their confirmed primary aldosteronism (PA) is controversial. Usual premedication with high-dose prednisone can interfere with cortisol determinations, possibly altering the aldosterone to cortisol ratios for the identification of lateralized aldosterone excess.

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of premedication with high-dose dexamethasone to perform AVS in patients with ICM.

Methods

One hundred and seventy-seven consecutive patients with confirmed PA who underwent bilateral simultaneous basal and post-ACTH bolus AVS at our center between January 2010 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed for history of ICM allergy. A total of 7 patients (4%) with previous allergic reactions to ICM were prepared with 3 doses of 7.5 mg dexamethasone premedication rather than the usual 50 mg of prednisone.

Results

No breakthrough allergic reactions were reported in the 7 patients. Despite adequate serum cortisol suppression following dexamethasone, the basal and post-ACTH selectivity index were respectively > 2 and > 5 bilaterally in all patients, confirming adequate cannulation of both adrenal veins. Four patients had lateralized ratios (A/C ratio > 2 basally and > 4 post-ACTH), while 3 had bilateral source during AVS study. In the 3 patients undergoing unilateral adrenalectomy for lateralized source and contralateral suppression and adequate follow-up data, cure of PA was achieved at mean 58 months postoperatively.

Conclusion

AVS using dexamethasone premedication is safe and accurate for diagnosing the source of aldosterone excess in patients with PA and ICM allergy.
Pro-Con Debate: Do We Need Quantitative Neuromuscular Monitoring in the Era of Sugammadex?
Authors: Blobner Manfred , Hollmann Markus W. , Luedi Markus M. , Johnson Ken B.
Published: June 2022

In this Pro-Con article, we debate the merits of using quantitative neuromuscular blockade monitoring. Consensus guidelines recommend their use to guide the administration of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade and reversal agents. A major impediment to this guideline is that until recently, reliable quantitative neuromuscular blockade monitors have not been widely available. Without them, anesthesia providers have been trained with and are adept at using a variety of qualitative neuromuscular blockade monitors otherwise known as peripheral nerve stimulators. Although perhaps less accurate, anesthesia providers find them reliable and easy to use. They have a long track record of using them with the perception that their use leads to effective neuromuscular blockade reversal and minimizes clinically significant adverse events from residual neuromuscular blockade. In the recent past, 2 disruptive developments have called upon anesthesia care providers to reconsider their practice in neuromuscular blockade administration, reversal, and monitoring. These include: (1) commercialization of more reliable quantitative neuromuscular monitors and (2) widespread use of sugammadex, a versatile reversal agent of neuromuscular blockade. Sugammadex appears to be so effective at rapidly and effectively reversing even the deepest of neuromuscular blockades, and it has left anesthesia providers wondering whether quantitative monitoring is indeed necessary or whether conventional, familiar, and less expensive qualitative monitoring will suffice? This Pro-Con debate will contrast anesthesia provider perceptions with evidence surrounding the use of quantitative neuromuscular blockade monitors to explore whether quantitative neuromuscular monitoring (NMM) is just another technology solution looking for a problem or a significant advance in NMM that will improve patient safety and outcomes.
The regenerative capacity of neonatal tissues
Authors: Montero Angela M. , Huang Alice H.
Published: June 2022

It is well established that humans and other mammals are minimally regenerative compared with organisms such as zebrafish, salamander or amphibians. In recent years, however, the identification of regenerative potential in neonatal mouse tissues that normally heal poorly in adults has transformed our understanding of regenerative capacity in mammals. In this Review, we survey the mammalian tissues for which regenerative or improved neonatal healing has been established, including the heart, cochlear hair cells, the brain and spinal cord, and dense connective tissues. We also highlight common and/or tissue-specific mechanisms of neonatal regeneration, which involve cells, signaling pathways, extracellular matrix, immune cells and other factors. The identification of such common features across neonatal tissues may direct therapeutic strategies that will be broadly applicable to multiple adult tissues.
Daw1 regulates the timely onset of cilia motility during development
Authors: Bearce Elizabeth A. , Irons Zoe H. , Craig Samuel B. , Kuhns Colin J. , Sabazali Cynthia , Farnsworth Dylan R. , Miller Adam C. , Grimes Daniel T.
Published: June 2022

Motile cilia generate cell propulsion and extracellular fluid flows that are crucial for airway clearance, fertility and left-right patterning. Motility is powered by dynein arm complexes that are assembled in the cytoplasm then imported into the cilium. Studies in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii showed that ODA16 is a cofactor which promotes dynein arm import. Here, we demonstrate that the zebrafish homolog of ODA16, Daw1, facilitates the onset of robust cilia motility during development. Without Daw1, cilia showed markedly reduced motility during early development; however, motility subsequently increased to attain close to wild-type levels. Delayed motility onset led to differential effects on early and late cilia-dependent processes. Remarkably, abnormal body axis curves, which formed during the first day of development due to reduced cilia motility, self-corrected when motility later reached wild-type levels. Zebrafish larva therefore possess the ability to survey and correct body shape abnormalities. This work defines Daw1 as a factor which promotes the onset of timely cilia motility and can explain why human patients harboring DAW1 mutations exhibit significant laterality perturbations but mild airway and fertility complications.
Centriole distal-end proteins CP110 and Cep97 influence centriole cartwheel growth at the proximal end
Authors: Aydogan Mustafa G. , Hankins Laura E. , Steinacker Thomas L. , Mofatteh Mohammad , Saurya Saroj , Wainman Alan , Wong Siu-Shing , Lu Xin , Zhou Felix Y. , Raff Jordan W.
Published: June 2022

Centrioles are composed of a central cartwheel tethered to nine-fold symmetric microtubule (MT) blades. The centriole cartwheel and MTs are thought to grow from opposite ends of these organelles, so it is unclear how they coordinate their assembly. We previously showed that in Drosophila embryos an oscillation of Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) helps to initiate and time the growth of the cartwheel at the proximal end. Here, in the same model, we show that CP110 and Cep97 form a complex close to the distal-end of the centriole MTs whose levels rise and fall as the new centriole MTs grow, in a manner that appears to be entrained by the core cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)–Cyclin oscillator that drives the nuclear divisions in these embryos. These CP110 and Cep97 dynamics, however, do not appear to time the period of centriole MT growth directly. Instead, we find that changing the levels of CP110 and Cep97 appears to alter the Plk4 oscillation and the growth of the cartwheel at the proximal end. These findings reveal an unexpected potential crosstalk between factors normally concentrated at opposite ends of the growing centrioles, which might help to coordinate centriole growth.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper.
Current status and problems of orthopaedic residents in Thailand and Myanmar
Authors: Kasai Yuichi , Paholpak Permsak , Wisanuyotin Taweechok , Sirichativapee Winai , Oo Shwe Kyaw , Thu Si
Published: June 2022

Background: There is no research about current experiences of orthopaedic residents in Thailand and Myanmar.

Methods: A questionnaire survey was distributed among Thai and Myanmar orthopaedic residents to assess their current experiences. This study included a total of 168 participants, comprising 92 orthopaedic residents in Thailand, and 76 in Myanmar who answered the questionnaire. The survey comprised nine questions about issues such as the contents of residency training programs, current training satisfaction, and future careers. The survey was administered anonymously between October 2020 and January 2021.

Results: Regarding training content, 24 residents (14.3%) reported being "very satisfied", 103  (61.3%) were "satisfied", 37 (22.0%) were "moderately satisfied", and four (2.4%) were "dissatisfied", and respondents spent a mean of 3.1 h/day reading textbooks and research papers. As for salary, five (3.0%) residents answered "satisfied", 46 (27.4%) responded "moderately satisfied", and 117 (69.6%) were "dissatisfied".

Conclusions: Many orthopedic residents in Thailand and Myanmar were enthusiastic about and satisfied with their training. Their only problem was that the salary was low.
Innovative forest products in the circular bioeconomy
Authors: Hassegawa Mariana , Karlberg Anna , Hertzberg Magnus , Verkerk Pieter Johannes
Published: June 2022

Background: The forest-based industry has been moving towards the manufacture of bio-based products in response to the increasing concern by consumers and governments regarding the use of non-renewable materials and the generation of residues. Various innovative technologies geared towards reducing the environmental footprint of products and processes are currently being developed and applied in the forest-based industry. This study presents some innovative wood-based products that are about to enter the market or that are already being commercialized but have the potential to expand in market size.

Methods: We collected data from interviews and a survey with organisations working with product development and manufacturing, and from the literature.

Results: Many innovative products that are already produced at an industrial scale, such as cross-laminated timber, wood-based composites, and lyocell, can still increase their market share in the coming years. Some of the up-and-coming products with high potential to substitute fossil-based materials and will likely enter the market in the near future are wood foam, lignin-based adhesives, glycols, bioplastics, and textile fibres. Our study indicates that, although biomass demand is expected to increase, stakeholders do not consider future supply a limiting factor.

Conclusions: The ease of market introduction of innovative products relies heavily on the products’ ability to take advantage of existing value chains. Overall, many of the reviewed products have the advantage of being ‘drop-in’. This is because products that require adjustments to production lines are less likely to get into the market without strong external drivers that push for bio-based alternatives. According to stakeholders, the economic viability and the market expansion of these products could be encouraged to a certain extent by EU policies, and certain barriers could be alleviated by reducing bureaucracy, increasing the support for pilot-scale to full-scale production, and increasing subsidies for bio-based alternatives.
New trends in science communication fostering evidence-informed policymaking
Authors: Szüdi Gábor , Bartar Pamela , Weiss Gorazd , Pellegrini Giuseppe , Tulin Marina , Oomen Tessa
Published: June 2022

This article aims to assess novel trends in science communication relating to how policymakers in the field of innovation and digitalisation policy consume and use scientific findings. We investigate the mutual influence that science communication and policy have on each other and answer the question how emerging science communication trends in the science-policy nexus might influence the use of scientific findings in the policymaking process.

By using Google and the largest scholarly repositories, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and Academia.edu, from 1st March to 31st May 2020, we reviewed policy documents and academic literature containing relevant information on the evolution of characteristics of global, European, and national science communication activities and the interrelated policy responses to identify the most relevant current trends in the evidence-to-policy process alongside three key challenges; trust, translation, and timing. The three identified main trends are (1) a stronger engagement between science and policy, (2) more open, reliable, and accountable science communication practices with policymakers, and (3) the increasing digitalisation and visualisation of science communication.

We deepened our investigation by conducting online semi-structured interviews with relevant policy stakeholders at the international and national level between 1st May and 31st July 2020. With the support of the European Commission and building on the existing network of partners, we identified decision-makers and advisors with relevant experience in fields related to innovation and digitalisation policy working in four countries that represent different levels of generalized social trust: Austria, Italy, Hungary, and the Netherlands, and at the international/European Union level.

After an online consultation process with a global set of policymakers, these theoretical findings were translated to policy recommendations showcasing possible solutions in science communication that may be initiated, strengthened, or continued by policy stakeholders in order to reach a more effective and efficient uptake of scientific findings in evidence-informed policymaking.
Effect of perceived risk, challenges, and coping on anxiety and depression among frontline health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh
Authors: Karim Md Rizwanul , Ahmed Helal Uddin , Shaoli Salowa Salam
Published: June 2022

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic the health care workers (HCWs) encountered one of the heaviest blows by saving lives while endangering their own. This study was carried out to investigate risk exposures, risk perceptions, challenges, and coping strategies, leading to anxiety and depression, among HCWs in Bangladesh.

Methods:  This hospital-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from February to July 2021 among 1,112 frontline HCWs. Data were collected using a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire including Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale. A coping scale for COVID-19 (CS-COV-19) was developed and validated. To determine the predictors for symptoms of depression and anxiety, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed, and the associations between key variables are presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs.

Results: A total of 54.9% (n=389) doctors and 51.4% (n= 207) nurses were found to have mild to severe anxiety status and 47% (n=333) doctors and 39.9% (n= 159) nurses were found to have mild to severe depression. HCWs, family members, neighbors had been affected with COVID-19 and those who experienced extra stresses at work were two times more likely to have anxiety. HCWs who had worried family and friends that they might get infected through them, confronted any negative social attitude or perceptions, decreased monthly income, and depression were 1.57 to 1.8 times more likely to experience anxiety than those who did not go through these experiences. Health workers who confronted negative social attitudes or social perceptions were 1.7 times more likely to have depression. Respondents, who had family members infected with COVID-19 and HCWs who worked for long hours at hospitals were almost two times more likely to have depression.

Conclusions: The findings will help promoting advocacy and encourage implementing selective interventions to protect the mental health and wellbeing of HCWs working with COVID-19.
Cyber Technology and the European Union’s Gestaltian Approach to China
Authors: Hasmath Reza , Berzina-Cerenkova Una
Published: June 2022

Contemporary European Union (EU) and China relations are marked by a simultaneously beneficial, conflictual and competitive partnership. This is aptly evident in the cyber technology realm. This paper contends that the European Union’s gestaltian approach towards China can be understood with the aid of three theoretical positions: (1) an institutional perspective; (2) as a values-based actor; and, (3) a realpolitik dimension. The arguments advanced in the paper, ultimately imply that the EU’s approach towards China can provide various EU domestic and global actors’ space to exploit contradictions, notably when it comes to cyber technology diplomacy. This has the attendant effect of fostering future fissures in the EU’s overall engagement with China.
Diagnosis of Tolerance in Children of Primary School Age
Authors: Belevich Ekaterina , Fugelova Tat'yana
Published: June 2022

The article highlights the issues of researching the possibilities of educating tolerance among younger schoolchildren. The diagnostic measuring material is characterized to determine the level of formation of this personality quality, as well as to determine possible "risk zones". It is concluded that the process of developing tolerance in children of primary school age needs constant diagnostics. As a tool for measuring the existing level of tolerance, the diagnostic materials, criteria and indicators of tolerance given in the article can be used.
Formation of the Prerequisites for Financial Literacy Among Younger Schoolchildren
Authors: Perevoznikova N.
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the formation of the prerequisites for financial literacy among children of primary school age as an urgent problem of modern primary education. On the example of the general developmental program for improving financial literacy "Orel i Reshka", used in the course of extracurricular activities, as well as within the profile shift of a summer health camp, the features of the formation of initial skills and abilities of competent financial behavior in children are revealed.
Ensuring cyber resilience in a digital world
Authors: Mattoon Dennis
Published: June 2022

While there are advantages to having connected devices such as lighting systems, doorbells and refrigerators, they also open the door to cyber attacks and the consequences that come with them. It is crucial that the ongoing integrity and safety of these devices are ensured, with cyber resilience playing a key role in mitigating the risk of potential attacks.
A Study on Film Manufacturing Methods and Quality Characteristics Using Coffee By-Products
Authors: Oh Hae Won , Lee Seung Hwan
Published: June 2022

As coffee consumption increases, coffee extraction's by-products increase. Research on coffee by-product recycling is fundamental as social costs and environmental problems arise from the course of coffee processing, estimated to be 270,000 tons per year. This study attempted to confirm the possibility of an eco-friendly food packaging material by solvating cellulose from spent coffee grounds. For cellulose solubility, delignification and TEMPO (2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl) oxidation treatment were performed. An optimal plasticizer (glycerol) and a crosslinking agent (cinnamaldehyde) were added to the film-forming solution for film manufacturing, while physical treatment (high-pressure treatment, 276 MPa, 10 times) was done to improve physical properties. Then, the film was dried by a solution-casting method. Physical properties of food packaging materials such as tensile strength, elongation, water-solubility, thickness, and chromaticity were measured. In particular, the film to which 1.5% glycerol was added showed the highest value among the physical properties of the dried film. These results indicate that TEMPOSCG films have potential as eco-friendly food packaging materials in the food industry.
Effects of Antioxidative Activity and Functional Components of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) Extract by Fermentation and Enzyme Treatment
Authors: Kim Mi Jin , Nam Dong-Geon , Choe Jeong-sook , Choi Ae-jin
Published: June 2022

The objectives of this study are to increase the contents of functional compounds and antioxidant activity obtained from ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) extracts using fermentation and enzyme. The optimal conditions (1%, Aspergillus luchuensis) for extraction methods were determined through fermentation treatment of ginger (concentrations of 0.5 and 1%; Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus luchuensis). The quality characteristics of the ginger extract for each treatment method (HW, hot water treated; EZ, enzyme; AL, fermentation; ALEZ, fermentation and enzyme) were observed using the optimal conditions. The water-soluble index (WSI) and total sugar content of the ALEZ increased by 2.6 times and 6.5 times, respectively, compared with that of the HW. However, the sum of gingerol and shogaol contents of ALEZ were 73.9% in ratio compared with lower than that of the HW. Antioxidant contents were generally higher in ALEZ, similar to the WSI trend. Therefore, ALEZ was more effective in enhancing antioxidant activity than EZ and AL. The fermentation and enzymatic approach described in this study would be beneficial to food industries for developing ginger functional products and materials.
Un nou repte per a la gestió dels documents : la gestió de la memòria ciutadana
Authors: Postico Soler Núria
Published: June 2022

El 17 d'agost de 2017, es va produir l'atemptat de La Rambla de Barcelona. A partir d'aquell dia, els ciutadans, esporàdicament, van generar mostres de condol que van dipositar en forma de flors, missatges, espelmes, objectes, entre altres, que van deixar al llarg del passeig. L'Ajuntament de Barcelona va crear una pàgina web, que incloïa un llibre de condolences electrònic. Alhora, es va posar a l'abast, al Saló de Cent de la Casa de la Ciutat, un llibre de condolences en suport paper, per a tothom que volgués deixar el seu missatge presencialment. Dies posteriors a l'atemptat, un equip de persones que treballaven a l'Ajuntament van portar a terme una actuació a La Rambla. L'objectiu era recollir les mostres de condol, expressions de dol i solidaritat de la ciutadania, tractar-les i fer-les accessibles per mitjà de les diferents plataformes digitals, per posar-les en valor.
Compact 100GBaud driverless thin-film lithium niobate modulator on a silicon substrate
Authors: Chen Gengxin , Chen Kaixuan , Zhang Junwei , Gan Ranfeng , Qi Lu , Fan Xuancong , Ruan Ziliang , Lin Zhenrui , Liu Jie , Lu Chao , Tao Lau Alan Pak , Dai Daoxin , Guo Changjian , Liu Liu
Published: June 2022

Electro-optic (EO) modulators with a high modulation bandwidth are indispensable parts of an optical interconnect system. A key requirement for an energy-efficient EO modulator is the low drive voltage, which can be provided using a standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor circuity without an amplifying driver. Thin-film lithium niobate has emerged as a new promising platform, and shown its capable of achieving driverless and high-speed EO modulators. In this paper, we report a compact high-performance modulator based on the thin-film lithium niobate platform on a silicon substrate. The periodic capacitively loaded travelling-wave electrode is employed to achieve a large modulation bandwidth and a low drive voltage, which can support a driverless single-lane 100Gbaud operation. The folded modulation section design also helps to reduce the device length by almost two thirds. The fabricated device represents a large EO bandwidth of 45GHz with a half-wave voltage of 0.7V. The driverless transmission of a 100Gbaud 4-level pulse amplitude modulation signal is demonstrated with a power consumption of 4.49fj/bit and a bit-error rate below the KP4 forward-error correction threshold of 2.4×10−4.
Atmospheric diffuse transmittance of the linear polarization component of water-leaving radiation
Authors: Pan Tianfeng , He Xianqiang , Bai Yan , Liu Jia , Zhu Qiankun , Gong Fang , Li Teng , Jin Xuchen
Published: June 2022

The polarization characteristics of water-leaving radiation contain rich information on oceanic constituents. Determining the atmospheric diffuse transmittance is crucial for extracting the polarization information of water-leaving radiation from the radiation acquired by polarimetry satellites at the top of the atmosphere. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the atmospheric diffuse transmittance of the linear polarization component of water-leaving radiation. Here, we first evaluated the difference between the atmospheric diffuse transmittance of the linear polarization component (TQ, TU) and the intensity component (TI) of the water-leaving radiation based on the Ocean Successive Orders with Atmosphere Advanced radiative transfer model. As a consequence, there were apparent differences between TQ, TU and TI. In the case of a large solar zenith angle and a large viewing zenith angle, the difference between TQ, TU and TI will exceed 1. Meanwhile, compared with TI, the oceanic constituents had a prominent interference with TQ and TU, and the sediment concentration had little interference with TQ and TU in low- and medium-turbidity water with respect to the aerosol model, optical thickness, observation geometry, and phytoplankton. Moreover, TQ and TU lookup tables were generated for medium- and low-turbidity water, which laid the foundation for extracting the water-leaving radiation polarization information from the satellite observation polarization signal.
6000 lines/mm blazed grating for a high-resolution x-ray spectrometer
Authors: Voronov D. L. , Park S. , Gullikson E. M. , Salmassi F. , Padmore H. A.
Published: June 2022

We have designed and fabricated a high groove density blazed grating for a Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering spectrometer for the new Qerlin beamline at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) synchrotron facility. The gratings were fabricated using a set of nanofabrication techniques including e-beam lithography, nanoimprint, plasma etch, and anisotropic wet etching. Two gratings with groove density of 6000 lines/mm and 3000 lines/mm and optimized for operation in the 1st and 2nd negative diffraction order respectively were fabricated and tested. We report on fabrication details and characterization of the gratings at beamline 6.3.2 of the ALS.
Two-photon interference LiDAR imaging
Authors: Murray Robbie , Lyons Ashley
Published: June 2022

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a key 3D imaging technology that provides micron scale depth resolution for bio-imaging. This resolution substantially surpasses what it typically achieved in Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) which is often limited to the millimetre scale due to the impulse response of the detection electronics. However, the lack of coherence in LiDAR scenes, arising from mechanical motion for example, make OCT practically infeasible. Here we present a quantum interference inspired approach to LiDAR which achieves OCT depth resolutions without the need for high levels of stability. We demonstrate depth imaging capabilities with an effective impulse response of 70 μm, thereby allowing ranging and multiple reflections to be discerned with much higher resolution than conventional LiDAR approaches. This enhanced resolution opens up avenues for LiDAR in 3D facial recognition, and small feature detection/tracking as well as enhancing the capabilities of more complex time-of-flight methods such as imaging through obscurants and non-line-of-sight imaging.
Coherently switching the focusing characteristics of all-dielectric metalenses
Authors: He Fei , Feng Yu , Pi Hailong , Yan Jize , MacDonald Kevin F. , Fang Xu
Published: June 2022

Flat, gradient index, metasurface optics – in particular all-dielectric metalenses – have emerged and evolved over recent years as compact, lightweight alternative to their conventional bulk glass/crystal counterparts. Here we show that the focal properties of all-dielectric metalenses can be switched via coherent control, which is to say by changing the local electromagnetic field in the metalens plane rather than any physical or geometric property of the nanostructure or surrounding medium. The selective excitation of predominantly electric or magnetic resonant modes in the constituent cells of the metalens provides for switching, by design, of its phase profile enabling binary switching of focal length for a given lens type and, uniquely, switching between different (spherical and axicon) lens types.