bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correcting for Plasma Aldosterone Improves the Accuracy of Repeated Timed Urine Sampling for Estimation of Dietary Sodium Intake
Authors: van Vliet Anne Myrthe C. , Vogt Liffert , Ginos Bigina N.R. , Frings-Meuthen Petra , Heer Martina , Olde Engberink Rik H.G.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Long-term sodium balance studies show that sodium can be temporarily stored and released in tissues, mediated by circaseptan rhythms of aldosterone and cortisol. This complicates the reliability of a single 24-h urine collection to estimate individual sodium intake. We investigated whether repeated timed urine collection with and without correction for plasma aldosterone is a more accurate alternative for estimating daily sodium intake. Methods: We conducted a post hoc analysis of a metabolic ward study in which 16 healthy male adults consumed a diet with a fixed sodium content (50 or 200 mmol/day) for 7 days. Each day, urine was collected in 4 intervals (7:00–13:00 h, 13:00–19:00 h, 19:00–23:00 h, and 23:00–07:00 h). Plasma aldosterone was measured at 6:30 h, 12:30 h, and 18:30 h. Sodium intakes were estimated by various formulas using 3 timed urines of day 5–7. Results: During a 200-mmol daily sodium intake, sodium intake estimates based on three repeated timed urine samples and the Toft equation differed 10 [IQR: 3–14], 8 [6–19], 36 [16–49], and 20 [10–43] mmol from the actual intake for intervals 7:00–13:00 h, 13:00–19:00 h, 19:00–23:00 h, 23:00–7:00 h, respectively. These measurements did not significantly differ from a single 24-h urine (20 [12–55] mmol). During a 50-mmol daily sodium intake, repeated timed urine collection performed worse than a single 24-h urine collection. On both diets, correction for plasma aldosterone increased accuracy and sodium intake estimates were significantly more accurate than a single 24-h urine. Conclusion: In a controlled environment, repeated timed urine collection corrected for plasma aldosterone is more accurate than a single 24-h urine collection.
Challenges in Hypophosphatasia: Suspicion, Diagnosis, Genetics, Management, and Follow-Up
Authors: Montero-Lopez Rodrigo , Farman Mariam R. , Högler Florian , Saraff Vrinda , Högler Wolfgang
Published: August 2024

Background: Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare genetic disorder caused by loss-of-function variants in the ALPL gene, leading to deficient tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. This results in a distinctive biochemical profile marked by low serum ALP levels and elevated pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP). The clinical spectrum of HPP ranges from perinatal lethality to asymptomatic cases, presenting significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Summary: Diagnosis of HPP relies on identifying the characteristic biochemical signature (low ALP, high PLP), concomitant with skeletal (osteomalacia, rickets, pseudofracture) or extraskeletal (muscle weakness, musculoskeletal pain, dental) manifestations. Current diagnostic frameworks lack uniformity, highlighting the imperative for a standardized diagnostic approach. Molecular genetic testing plays a pivotal role in making the diagnosis of HPP, but difficulties persist in diagnosing milder cases and correlating genotypes with phenotypes. Comprehensive multidisciplinary care is indispensable, with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) proving efficacious in severe cases and more nuanced management approaches for milder presentations. Overcoming challenges in ERT initiation, treatment response assessment, dose titrations, and long-term surveillance necessitates further refinement of management guidelines. Key Message: Mild forms of HPP and asymptomatic carriers of pathogenic ALPL variants pose substantial diagnosis and management challenges. Developing consensus-driven guidelines is crucial to enhance clinical outcomes and patient care.
Tempo: Círculos em Expansão
Authors: Lourenço Maria Cecília França
Published: August 2024

Neste estudo pretende-se confrontar distintas maneiras de se encarar a tríade: passado, presente e futuro, com foco em ações preservacionistas de um tempo turbulento, no Japão. Para tanto, selecionaram-se duas iniciativas museais icônicas: de um lado, o projeto de Le Corbusier (1887-1965) para o Museu Nacional de Arte Ocidental, em Tóquio, dentro de preceitos modernistas, embora com coleção de obras vindas de várias épocas; de outro, o Museu Memorial da Paz e alguns dos monumentos em Hiroshima, dado o impacto das soluções geradas, após esta e Nagasaki inaugurarem triste marco: as primeiras destruídas pela bomba atômica, lançada pelos Estados Unidos, ante à não rendição do Japão ao final da II Guerra Mundial. Qual o futuro então proposto?
A transformação da realidade dos monumentos em fábula
Authors: Rahme Anna Maria Abrão Khoury
Published: August 2024

O artigo percorre a série A queda dos mitos universais da artista plástica Marta Minujín, experiências monumentais efêmeras em espaços públicos pelo mundo, propondo examinar a questão mítica importada do passado, a execução envolvendo locais e objetos do presente, a recepção massiva que inclui a consumação da própria obra como futuro do processo de criação.
O Presente sob a forma das “tarefas infinitas” da herança e das realidades futuras da Zona Oriental de Lisboa
Authors: Nevado Ana Catarina Serra , Pinto Paula Cristina André dos Ramos
Published: August 2024

The contemporary city is covered with legacies as “infinite tasks”, which require critical and historical (re)knowledge, foreseeing its future transformation and adaptation. The Eastern Area of Lisbon (EAL) performs a case study of urban transformation, where critical, historical and affective interpretations of the passage of time over the territory come together in the present.
Renal Denervation for the Treatment of Hypertension: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Cluett Jennifer L. , Blazek Olivia , Brown Angela L. , East Cara , Ferdinand Keith C. , Fisher Naomi D.L. , Ford Cassandra D. , Griffin Karen A. , Mena-Hurtado Carlos I. , Sarathy Harini , Vongpatanasin Wanpen , Townsend Raymond R. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Hypertension; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease; and Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease
Published: August 2024

Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite the widespread availability of both pharmacological and lifestyle therapeutic options, blood pressure control rates across the globe are worsening. In fact, only 23% of individuals with high blood pressure in the United States achieve treatment goals. In 2023, the US Food and Drug Administration approved renal denervation, a catheter-based procedure that ablates the renal sympathetic nerves, as an adjunctive treatment for patients in whom lifestyle modifications and antihypertensive medications do not adequately control blood pressure. This approval followed the publication of multiple randomized clinical studies using rigorous trial designs, all incorporating renal angiogram as the sham control. Most but not all of the new generation of trials reached their primary end point, demonstrating modest efficacy of renal denervation in lowering blood pressure across a spectrum of hypertension, from mild to truly resistant. Individual patient responses vary, and further research is needed to identify those who may benefit most. The initial safety profile appears favorable, and multiple ongoing studies are assessing longer-term efficacy and safety. Multidisciplinary teams that include hypertension specialists and adequately trained proceduralists are crucial to ensure that referrals are made appropriately with full consideration of the potential risks and benefits. Incorporating patient preferences and engaging in shared decision-making conversations will help patients make the best decisions given their individual circumstances. Although further research is clearly needed, renal denervation presents a novel treatment strategy for patients with uncontrolled blood pressure.
Runtime Analysis of Single- and Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms for Chance-Constrained Optimization Problems with Normally Distributed Random Variables
Authors: Neumann Frank , Witt Carsten
Published: August 2024

Chance-constrained optimization problems allow us to model problems where constraints involving stochastic components should be violated only with a small probability. Evolutionary algorithms have been applied to this scenario and shown to achieve high-quality results. With this paper, we contribute to the theoretical understanding of evolutionary algorithms for chance-constrained optimization. We study the scenario of stochastic components that are independent and normally distributed. Considering the simple single-objective (1+1) EA, we show that imposing an additional uniform constraint already leads to local optima for very restricted scenarios and an exponential optimization time. We therefore introduce a multiobjective formulation of the problem which trades off the expected cost and its variance. We show that multiobjective evolutionary algorithms are highly effective when using this formulation and obtain a set of solutions that contains an optimal solution for any possible confidence level imposed on the constraint. Furthermore, we prove that this approach can also be used to compute a set of optimal solutions for the chance-constrained minimum spanning tree problem. In order to deal with potentially exponentially many trade-offs in the multiobjective formulation, we propose and analyze improved convex multiobjective approaches. Experimental investigations on instances of the NP-hard stochastic minimum weight dominating set problem confirm the benefit of the multiobjective and the improved convex multiobjective approach in practice.
“Divide According to Sharīʿa”: The Islamic Inheritance System in the Russian Empire
Authors: Garipova Rozaliya
Published: August 2024

Until the end of the imperial period, the Volga-Ural Muslim communities in the Russian empire practiced several methods of intergenerational property transfer, such as waṣiyyat (bequest), hiba (gift), ṣulḥ/takhāruj (peaceful settlement) and the “science of the shares” (ʿilm al-farāʾiḍ). The Volga-Ural Muslims considered them all as legitimate ways of property division according to Islamic law (sharīʿa). However, a significant shift occurred in the early 1820s when the Russian imperial state confirmed the Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly as the court of appeal for family and inheritance matters. Subsequently, Volga-Ural Muslims began to petition the oa, seeking a reconsideration of their inheritance divisions, specifically requesting a division “according to sharīʿa”. By the end of the nineteenth century, most of these petitions resulted in divisions based on the science of the shares. I argue that the oa served as an extra-communal venue where Muslims could challenge intra-familial or communal methods of inheritance division, and request divisions based on the science of the shares.
Oecanthus buxixu sp. nov. (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Oecanthidae): A new species of tree cricket from Brazilian Amazon rainforest
Authors: ACOSTA RIULER CORRÊA , MENDES DIEGO MATHEUS DE MELLO , RAMALHO EMILIANO ESTERCI , ZEFA EDISON
Published: August 2024

The Tree Crickets of the genus Oecanthus Serville, 1831 are distributed across tropical and temperate regions, where they can be found in all strata of vegetation. In this work, we describe a new species of tree cricket from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest, where only one species was known until the date of this publication. This new species differs from the other 79 species in this genus by the absence of marks on the scape and pedicel of the antennae, as well as by its calling song composed of 3 to 5 chirps/s, 6 to 20 pulses per chirp, and peak frequency 3 to 3.3 kHz, at 26ºC. Photos in vivo of the individuals, as well as images of the metanotal glands and phallic sclerites, are provided.
Trechus species from Mt. Choke of northern Ethiopia related to T. niloticus (Quéinnec & Ollivier) with notable male genital morphology (Carabidae: Trechini)
Authors: SCHMIDT JOACHIM , MERENE YESHITLA
Published: August 2024

The Choke Mountain in northern Ethiopia is remarkable due to its highly diverse Trechini fauna. Based on numerous specimens recently collected in the high montane and afroalpine zones along different slopes of Mt. Choke we revise the species related to Trechus niloticus (Quéinnec & Ollivier) and T. reebae (Quéinnec & Ollivier). These species are characterized by probable synapomorphies of the male genitalia and thus may form a natural group. Four species will be newly described which all are endemic to certain parts of the volcano: T. apertus sp. n., T. igori sp. n., T. kniphofia sp. n., and T. yitbareki sp. n. From viewpoint of genital morphology, T. apertus sp. n. is particular remarkable due to the fact that the dorsal ostium of the male genital extends basally across three quarter of the basal bulb. A key to the smaller Trechus species with body size up to 4 mm is presented.
That Other Europe: The Conceptualization of Central and Eastern Europe in (Higher) Education Research from 1990 to 2000
Authors: Orechova Monika
Published: August 2024

This paper endeavours to interrogate the early conceptualization of the notion of Central and Eastern Europe in the field of (higher) education by analysing the academic scholarship in (higher) education research from 1990 to 2000. The results of this analysis elucidate the emergence of Central and Eastern Europe as a research unit in the field of (higher) education. Central and Eastern Europe emerges as a conceptual cluster comprised of Central and Eastern Europe, Eastern Europe and Central Europe. A preliminary quantitative analysis of frequency of use of particular concept and country distribution showed that different terms were used interchangeably and the same countries were referred to as belonging to different regions. Close reading of the articles in the research corpus revealed that the regional cluster was conceptualized as a post-communist space which was unified by its unwillingly shared past or via the role it can play vis-à-vis the rest of Europe, or “the West”.
Venous Thromboembolism Rates in Trauma Patients Significantly Increase With Missed Prophylactic Enoxaparin Doses
Authors: Spradling Jess , Garfinkel Sophia , Edgecomb Taylor , Chapman Alistair J. , Pounders Steffen , Burns Kelly , Fisk Chelsea S. , Stowe Alicia , Hill Emily , Krech Laura
Published: August 2024

Background: Current literature demonstrates prophylactic enoxaparin to be efficacious in reducing venous thromboembolism (VTE) rates without significantly increasing risk for bleeding complications. Despite this evidence, prophylactic enoxaparin doses are frequently withheld for surgery or procedures. This exploratory study aims to quantify the risk of a VTE event in trauma patients associated with missed doses of prophylactic enoxaparin. Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated trauma patients admitted to our Level 1 trauma center from January 1, 2012 to January 31, 2021. A 1:1 propensity match with ten variables was performed to compare patients receiving prophylactic enoxaparin that had a VTE and those that did not. The primary outcome was a VTE event. Results: 493 patients met inclusion criteria; 1:1 propensity score matching was performed resulting in a cohort of 184 patients. The percentage of patients that missed a prophylactic enoxaparin dose in the VTE group was higher than the no VTE group (34.8% vs 21.7%, P = 0.049). This is consistent when examining total missed doses ( P = 0.038) and consecutively missed doses ( P = 0.035). The odds of having a VTE for patients that missed at least one dose or more of enoxaparin are nearly two times greater (OR 1.92, 95% CI 0.997, 3.7). Conclusion: Missing enoxaparin doses significantly increases the risk of VTE in matched populations. Most prophylactic enoxaparin doses were held for procedures, and not for bleeding events. Trauma teams should carefully weigh the risk of bleeding complications associated with continuing enoxaparin prophylaxis against the significant thromboembolic risk of withholding it.
A case of autoimmune hepatitis associated with the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab
Authors: Ibrahim Amira , Prasad Geeta , Kilpatrick Eric S , Morris Timothy J
Published: August 2024

This is a case of a 61-year-old lady who presented to the lipid clinic with possible familial hypercholesterolaemia (Simon Broome Criteria). She was commenced on atorvastatin; however, 4 weeks later, she developed hepatitis, and therefore her atorvastatin was discontinued. Following that, her liver function tests normalized, and she was diagnosed with statin-induced hepatitis. Three years later, she was seen again in the lipid clinic with an uncontrolled lipid profile, and she was commenced on alirocumab, a Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor. A few days later, she developed hepatitis, and subsequently, the alirocumab was discontinued. She underwent a liver biopsy, which confirmed that she had Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) with presumed superimposed drug injury. This is the first reported case of autoimmune hepatitis associated with alirocumab.
Safety and Efficacy of Switching Patients With Type 2 Diabetes From Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists to Tirzepatide: A Case Series
Authors: Barakat Sami , Ramdeen Shannon , Khaimova Rebecca
Published: August 2024

Background: Tirzepatide is a novel glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (RA) that is approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Despite its similarities to GLP-1 RA, there is a lack of data on how to switch between GLP-1 RA and GIP/GLP-1 RA. Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of switching from GLP-1 RA to tirzepatide in patients with T2D and provide guidance for switching between the two classes. Methods: This was a retrospective case series of patients with T2D who met protocol criteria for switching between the two classes. Hemoglobin A1C (A1C) and weight data were evaluated at 3 and 6 months. Results: A total of 10 patients were included. Mean change from baseline in A1C was −0.7 ± 0.9% at 3 months (N = 8) compared to −1.4 ± 0.7% at 6 months (N = 4). Percentage of patients who achieved their goal A1C was 25% (2/8) at 3 months post switch compared to 50% (2/4) at 6 months. Mean change from baseline in weight was −3.6 ± 2.3 kg at 3 months and −6 ± 3.4 kg at 6 months. Percentage of patients who achieved weight loss from baseline of ≥10% was 0 at 3 months versus 33.3% (1/3) at 6 months. Few adverse events were reported after switching. Conclusion: Switching can be considered for patients with T2D that require further A1C and weight reduction to reach their target goals despite being on GLP-1 RA.
Rates of Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis Deprescribing in Children Receiving Usual versus High-Dose Corticosteroids in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit with Status Asthmaticus
Authors: Parman Avery , Miller Jamie L. , Neely Stephen , Johnson Peter N. , Gupta Neha
Published: August 2024

Purpose: To compare deprescribing rates of stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) between children receiving “usual-dose” (<4 mg/kg/day methylprednisolone equivalents) versus “high-dose” (≥4 mg/kg/day methylprednisolone equivalents) corticosteroids for status asthmaticus in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods: This retrospective, cohort study included children <18 years of age receiving corticosteroids for status asthmaticus and SUP from 1/1/2017 to 6/31/2022. The primary objective was to compare the number of children that were deprescribed SUP following transition from the PICU to the floor and at hospital discharge between groups. Secondary objectives included a comparison of SUP-associated adverse events (ADEs) (pneumonia, Clostridium difficile colitis, thrombocytopenia, necrotizing enterocolitis) between groups. Comparisons were performed using exact χ2 test or Wilcoxon U-tests as appropriate, with a P value <.05. Results: Ninety-six patients received usual-dose and 57 received high-dose corticosteroids. Eighteen (11.8%) patients were transferred within 24 hours of PICU admission and started on SUP on the floor. Thirteen (8.5%) patients were discharged home from the PICU. The remaining 122 (79.7%) patients were transferred from PICU to the floor and there was no statistical difference for continuation of SUP on the floor between usual-dose versus high-dose group, 58 (76.3%) versus 31 (67.4%) patients, P = .282. Overall, 25 of 153 (16.3%) patients were discharged home on SUP, but there was no difference between groups. SUP-associated ADEs did not differ between groups. Conclusions: SUP continuation during transitions of care in this cohort was common. Assessment of SUP continuation is needed during transitions of care to promote SUP stewardship and limit risk of SUP-associated ADEs.
Novel Antimitotic Agent SP-1-39 Inhibits Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Adeleye K.L. , Li A.R. , Xie Y. , Pochampally S. , Hamilton D. , Garcia-Godoy F. , Miller D.D. , Li W.
Published: August 2024

Effective management of head and neck cancer (HNC) poses a significant challenge in the field of oncology, due to its intricate pathophysiology and limited treatment options. The most common HNC malignancy is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). HNSCC treatment includes a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. While HNSCC is treatable if diagnosed early, this is often not the case and is considered incurable once in its late stages and metastatic disease has developed. Therapies are also limited once resistant disease has occurred. SP-1-39, a novel colchicine-binding site inhibitor (CBSI), has been recently reported for its potential efficacy in a variety of cancer cell lines including breast, melanoma, pancreatic, and prostate. SP-1-39 also shows abilities to overcome paclitaxel resistance in a paclitaxel-resistant prostate cancer xenograft model. To evaluate the potential of SP-1-39 as a new HNSCC treatment option, herein we systematically performed preclinical studies in HNSCC models using SP-1-39 and demonstrated that, in vitro, SP-1-39 inhibits the proliferation of 2 HNSCC cell lines with low nanomolar IC50 values (1.4 to 2.1 nM), induces HNSCC cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, interferes with migration of HNSCC cells, and leads to HNSCC cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. In vivo, SP-1-39 suppresses the primary tumor growth of a Detroit 562 subcutaneous xenograft mouse model in 6- to 8-wk-old, male NSG (NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ) mice, with no detectable cytotoxic effects at a low dose of 2.5 mg/kg. This efficacy of SP-1-39 is better when compared with the treatment using a reference chemotherapy drug, paclitaxel at 10 mg/kg. Collectively, these data demonstrate that SP-1-39 is a promising candidate for further development for more efficacious HNSCC treatment.
Salivary Microbiome Relates to Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy Response in OSCC
Authors: Wang X.X. , Liu Y.T. , Ren J.G. , Liu H.M. , Fu Q. , Yang Y. , Fu Q.Y. , Chen G.
Published: August 2024

Most patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) present with locally advanced stages, which are typically associated with poor outcomes. Although immunotherapy offers potential improvements in patient survival, its efficacy is hampered by low response rates. The microbiome is widely involved in tumor immunity and may play a role in immunotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between the oral (salivary) microbiome and immunotherapy response in patients with OSCC. Salivary metagenome sequencing was performed on 47 patients with OSCC undergoing neoadjuvant immunotherapy (NAIT) in a clinical trial (NCT04649476). Patients were divided into responders and nonresponders based on their pathological responses. The results showed that the species richness of the salivary microbiome was lower in the nonresponders before NAIT than in the responders. Differential analysis revealed that nonresponders exhibited a lower relative abundance of 34 bacterial species and a higher relative abundance of 4 bacterial species. Notably, low levels of Eubacterium infirmum, Actinobaculum, and Selenomas (EAS) in the saliva may be associated with the nonresponse of patients with OSCC to NAIT. A nomogram based on EAS was developed and validated to determine the efficacy of NAIT. The area under the curve for the training cohort was 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.66 to 0.81). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed that low levels of salivary EAS effectively identified nonresponders to NAIT. Furthermore, the low abundance of salivary EAS was closely correlated with a low density of intratumoral CD4+, CD14+, CD68+, and FOXP3+ cells. Metabolic functional annotation revealed numerous biosynthetic processes associated with EAS that were more active in responders. In summary, this study provides valuable data resources for the salivary microbiome and reveals that nonresponders have different salivary microbiome profiles than responders do before NAIT. Low salivary EAS levels can serve as potential biomarkers for distinguishing nonresponders from responders.
Agent-based simulation of citizens’ satisfaction in smart cities
Authors: Yu Lugang , Li Dezhi , Zhou Shenghua , Zhu Xiongwei
Published: August 2024

Although the citizens’ satisfaction in smart cities (CSSC) has become a vital criterion for smart cities, which symbolizes the people-centric concept, the previous research on simulating CSSC only considered the technological innovation and policy changes at the macro level, resulting in the neglect of the micro emotional contagion between citizens. To address this gap, a simulation approach is proposed to consider the influence caused by emotional contagion through the agent-based model (ABM). Supported by the expectation confirmation model (ECM) and the emotional contagion theory (ECT), the ABM simulation is implemented through the Anylogic platform, based on survey data from 19 smart cities in China. The results of various scenarios show that citizens’ expectations are the key factor affecting the CSSC, and the influence of emotional contagion cannot be ignored, especially in the acquaintance society. As social networks become more intimate, the impact of emotional contagion will turn the citizen group into an “antithetical society,” which means a situation with severe polarization of CSSC. This study also discusses the possible threshold of this transition process. Based on the analysis of multiple scenarios, it is implied that CSSC should be evaluated by considering the emotional contagion, and smart cities prioritize quality over quantity.
You-talk in young adult couples’ conflict: Family-of-origin roots and adult relational aggression sequelae
Authors: Pettit Corey , Hellwig Amanda F. , Costello Meghan A. , Hunt Gabrielle L. , Allen Joseph P.
Published: August 2024

The present study examines greater use of the word “you” (i.e., you-talk) during couple’s conflict as linked to conflict behaviors and relational aggression. The way couples navigate relationship conflict is a key risk factor for relational aggression, and investigating conflict microprocesses can inform intervention efforts. In this study, 184 target participants (86 men, 98 women; 58% White, 29% African American, 8% mixed race/ethnicity, 5% other groups) were observed interacting with their parents at age 13 and with romantic partners at ages 20 and 27 to examine origins of you-talk usage and its links to romantic relationship dysfunction. Links were explored in a series of hierarchical linear regressions. Adverse conflict navigation behaviors established in one’s family-of-origin during adolescence (i.e., autonomy-relatedness undermining behavior) predicted target’s use of you-talk during conflict with their romantic partners at age 20. You-talk was concurrently associated with autonomy-relatedness undermining behavior and relational aggression, and you-talk in turn predicted a relative increase in both undermining behavior and relational aggression at age 27. Use of you-talk is discussed as disrupting key features of conflict navigation and having potential developmental origins which may serve as targets in efforts to reduce relational aggression.
An optimized multiaxial fatigue life prediction model based on the subcritical plane method
Authors: Niu Xuming , Liu Yue , Zhang Shuaishuai , Sun Zhigang , Song Yingdong
Published: August 2024

Since a more rigorous requirement is raised for the performance of aero-engine increases, the multiaxial fatigue problem of its components turns out to be increasingly severe. In this study, a multiaxial fatigue life prediction model is developed by using the subcritical plane method, where the effect of non-proportional additional hardening under non-proportional loading is considered by both the deflection angle of the subcritical plane and the combined parameters of strain on the subcritical plane. Moreover, the cyclic strain hardening index in the traditional model is substituted with an additional strengthening material coefficient that is characterized by the static strength of the material, which reduces the difficulty in calibrating the parameters of the multiaxial life model. The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated by comparing the predicted fatigue life with some fatigue test data, and the errors between the predicted and the testing data fall into a factor of two error bands. In general, the proposed multiaxial life prediction model simplifies the calibration of model parameters, and the prediction accuracy is still ensured, which promotes the model to facilitate engineering application.
Assessment by finite element analysis modelling of tissue strains associated with the use of two different nasogastric tube securement devices
Authors: McNulty Amy K. , Wilkes Robert P. , Schommer Kimberly , Sieracki James
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Nasogastric tube use can lead to pressure injury. Some nasogastric tube securement devices (NG-SD) include hard plastic components. In the current study, we assessed the differences in strain profiles for two NG-SD, one with hard segments and one without hard segments, using finite element analysis (FEA) to measure strain and deformation occurring at the nasogastric tube–tissue interface.

Methods

FEA in silico models of devices were based on device mechanical test data and clinically relevant placements. Peak strain values were determined by modelling different scenarios using Abaqus software whereby the tubing is moved during wear.

Results

The modelling showed peak strains ranging from 52% to 434% for the two NG-SD depending on the tubing placement and device type. Peak strain was always higher for the hard plastic device. Tissue strain energy was a minimum of 133.8 mJ for the NG-SD with no hard parts and a maximum of 311.6 mJ for the NG-SD with hard parts.

Conclusions

This study provided evidence through in silico modelling that NG-SD without hard components may impart less strain and stress to tissues which may provide an option for tube securement that is less likely to cause medical device-related pressure injury.
Implementation of a MSRE ddPCR method for the detection of methylated WIF1 and NPY genes in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Trentin Luca , Basile Debora , Lazzari Elena , Fietta Elena , Rossi Alice , Graziani Filomena , Cappetta Alessandro , Simionato Francesca , D’Amore Emanuele , Perbellini Omar , Aprile Giuseppe
Published: August 2024

Background:

Colorectal cancer is a worldwide leading cause of death accounting for high-rate mortality. Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor and RAS/MAPK pathways, as well as altered methylation genes profiles, have been described as molecular mechanisms promoting and sustaining tumour development and progression. Aberrant methylation is a well-known epigenetic mechanism involved in gene regulation; particularly several genes were reported as hypermethylated in CRC. Recently, it was shown that epigenetic alterations in genes such as neuropeptide y, proenkephalin and Wnt inhibitory factor 1 can be used as promising disease biomarkers. Almost all methods developed for the DNA methylation analysis combined next generation sequencing, conventional qRT-PCR or ddPCR with the prior DNA modification with sodium bisulfite.

Methods and results:

We implemented a ddPCR method to assess the methylation status of Wnt inhibitory factor 1 and neuropeptide y using the methylation sensitive restriction enzyme approach that does not impact on DNA quality and guarantees the discrimination of DNA methylation independent of bisulfite conversion.

Conclusions:

We showed that this method is robust and sensitive also allowing the monitoring of CRC disease progression when applied to circulating free DNA samples from liquid biopsies, proving to be a fast and easy to implement assay to be used for the monitoring of the methylation pattern of clinically relevant target genes.
Clinical and Radiological Outcomes at ≥10-Year Follow-up After Matrix-induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation in the Patellofemoral Joint
Authors: Ebert Jay R. , Klinken Sven , Fallon Michael , Wood David J. , Janes Gregory C.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) has demonstrated encouraging outcomes in the treatment of knee cartilage defects, although limited research is available on its longer term (≥10 years) sustainability in the patellofemoral joint.

Purpose:

To report the clinical and radiological outcomes at ≥10 years in a prospectively recruited cohort of patients undergoing MACI in the patellofemoral joint and compare outcomes in patients undergoing MACI on the patella versus the trochlea.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

The current study prospectively enrolled 95 patients who underwent patellofemoral MACI, of whom 29 (13 patella, 16 trochlea) underwent concomitant tibial tubercle osteotomy. Patients were assessed preoperatively and at 2, 5, and ≥10 years using a range of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) including the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, the 36-item Short Form Health Survey, and the frequency and severity of knee pain as well as patient satisfaction, full active knee flexion and extension, and peak isokinetic knee extensor and flexor torques. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to assess pertinent graft parameters, as well as determine an overall MRI composite score, per the Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue scoring system. Results were analyzed according to the graft location (patella or trochlea).

Results:

Of the 95 patients recruited, 82 patients (41 patella, 41 trochlea) were available for a clinical review at ≥10 years after surgery (mean follow-up, 11.9 years [range, 10-15 years]). For the whole patellofemoral MACI cohort, all PROMs significantly improved over time ( P < .05), with no significant changes ( P > .05) observed in any MRI-based score from 2 to ≥10 years after surgery. At ≥10 years, 90.2% (n = 74) were satisfied with MACI in relieving their knee pain, and 85.4% (n = 70) were satisfied with the improvement in their ability to participate in sports. No differences ( P > .05) were observed in PROMs between those undergoing patellar MACI and those undergoing trochlear MACI, although a significant group effect was observed for limb symmetry indices of knee extensor ( P = .009) and flexor ( P = .041) strength, which were greater in those undergoing patellar (vs trochlear) MACI. No statistically significant differences ( P > .05) were observed between patellar and trochlear grafts on any MRI-based measure. In the cohort assessed at ≥10 years after surgery, 4 patients (2 patella, 2 trochlea) demonstrated graft failure on MRI scans, although a further 3 patients (all trochlea) were omitted from the ≥10-year review for having already progressed to total knee arthroplasty.

Conclusion:

Good clinical scores, high levels of patient satisfaction, and adequate graft survivorship were observed at ≥10 years after MACI on the patella and trochlea.
Hip Arthroscopy Versus Physical Therapy for the Treatment of Symptomatic Acetabular Labral Tears in Patients Older Than 40 Years: 24-Month Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Martin Scott D. , Dean Michael C. , Gillinov Stephen M. , Cherian Nathan J. , Eberlin Christopher T. , Kucharik Michael P. , Abraham Paul F. , Nazal Mark R. , Conaway William K. , Quinlan Noah J. , Alpaugh Kyle , Torabian Kaveh A.
Published: August 2024

Background:

The indications for hip arthroscopy in patients aged ≥40 years remain controversial, as observational studies have suggested that advanced age portends poor functional outcomes, poor durability of improvement, and high rates of conversion to total hip arthroplasty.

Purpose:

To compare hip arthroscopy versus nonoperative management for symptomatic labral tears in patients aged ≥40 years with limited radiographic osteoarthritis.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

This single-surgeon, parallel randomized controlled trial included patients aged ≥40 years with limited osteoarthritis (Tönnis grades 0-2) who were randomized 1:1 to arthroscopic surgery with postoperative physical therapy (SPT) or physical therapy alone (PTA). Patients who received PTA and achieved unsatisfactory improvement were permitted to cross over to SPT after completing ≥14 weeks of physical therapy (CO). The primary outcomes were the International Hip Outcome Tool-33 score and modified Harris Hip Score at 24 months after surgery, and secondary outcomes included other patient-reported outcome measures and the visual analog scale for pain. The primary analysis was performed on an intention-to-treat basis using linear mixed-effects models. Sensitivity analyses included modified as-treated and treatment-failure analyses.

Results:

A total of 97 patients were included, with 52 (53.6%) patients in the SPT group and 45 (46.4%) patients in the PTA group. Of the patients who underwent PTA, 32 (71.1%) patients crossed over to arthroscopy at a mean of 5.10 months (SD, 3.3 months) after physical therapy initiation. In both intention-to-treat and modified as-treated analyses, the SPT group displayed superior mean patient-reported outcome measure and pain scores across the study period for nearly all metrics relative to the PTA group. In the treatment-failure analysis, the SPT and CO groups showed greater improvement across all metrics compared with PTA; however, post hoc analyses revealed no significant differences in improvement between the SPT and CO groups. No significant differences were observed between groups in rates of total hip arthroplasty conversion.

Conclusion:

In patients ≥40 years of age with limited osteoarthritis, hip arthroscopy with postoperative physical therapy led to better outcomes than PTA at a 24-month follow-up. However, additional preoperative physical therapy did not compromise surgical outcomes and allowed some patients to avoid surgery. When surgery is indicated, age ≥40 years should not be considered an independent contraindication to arthroscopic acetabular labral repair.

Registration:

NCT03909178 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Journalists’ Ethical Responsibility: Tackling Hate Speech Against Women Politicians in Social Media Through Natural Language Processing Techniques
Authors: Iranzo-Cabrera Maria , Castro-Bleda Maria Jose , Simón-Astudillo Iris , Hurtado Lluís-F.
Published: August 2024

Social media has led to a redefinition of the journalist’s role. Specifically on Twitter, these professionals assume an influential position and their discourse is dominated by personal opinions. Taking into consideration that this platform has proven to be a breeding ground for polarization, digital harassment and hate speech, notably against women politicians, this research aims to analyze journalists’ involvement in this complex scenario. The investigation aims to determine whether, immersed in online and gender defamation campaigns, journalists enhance the quality of public debate or, on the contrary, they reinforce the visibility of this hostile content. To this end, we examined a sample of 63,926 tweets published from 23 to 25 November 2022 related to a campaign of political violence against the Spanish Minister of Equality using Natural Language Processing tools and qualitative content analysis. Results show that during those three days, at least half of the tweets contained hate speech and improper language. In this climate of hostility, journalists participating in the debate not only have an ability to attract likes and retweets but also exhibit polarization and use hate speech. Each ideological position—for and against the Minister—is also reflected in their own uncivil strategies. Under the umbrella of free speech and regardless of argumentative discourses, those journalists who lean towards ideological progressivism tend to insult their opponents, and those on the political right use divisive constructions, stereotyping and irony as attack techniques.
Alternative-academic careers of LIS in China: Trends, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Tian Ye , Chen Kuang-Hua
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the state of alternative-academic careers (alt-ac) in Library and Information Science (LIS) within China, based on the transformation of the LIS academic market over a 5-year span (2018–2022). The study employs a unique dataset of job postings collected through first-hand field investigations and meticulous manual preprocessing. A comprehensive analysis of the dataset was conducted using a combination of the BERT-BiLSTM-CRF model for named entity recognition, social network analysis for examining interdisciplinary interactions, and descriptive statistics for characterizing the distribution and trends of alt-ac positions. The results reveal that alt-ac positions account for 48.3% of the total demand in the field, distributed across nine categories: academic research institutions, government departments, military organizations, public libraries, and others. Each category exhibits unique developmental patterns. Over 20 distinct alt-ac roles were identified, such as data librarians, competitive intelligence specialists, transformative OA agreement negotiators, and scholarly communication experts, highlighting the ongoing emergence of new positions in response to institutional evolution. Descriptive statistics showed that the demand for alt-ac positions was notably concentrated in economically advanced regions, with the East China region accounting for 32.58% of the total positions, surpassing the proportions in North China (26.22%) and South China (13.86%). Social network analysis revealed substantial interdisciplinary interactions between LIS and other areas, such as computer science and public administration, suggesting potential opportunities for collaboration and competition. The findings emphasize the growing significance of alt-ac in China’s LIS field and provide insights into the dynamic landscape of the academic job market, offering implications for LIS education and workforce development strategies.
Impact of Financial Distress on the Firm’s Efficiency in India: Using Shareholder Activism and Profit Before Interest and Tax as a Moderator
Authors: Agarwal Bhakti , Rastogi Shailesh , Tejasmayee Pracheta
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

This research attempted to reveal the impact of financial distress (FD) on the efficiency level of firms working in India. The objectives are as follows: (a) Obtaining the amount of consequence FD has on the efficiency of firms; (b) Assessing the effect of FD on the firms’ efficiency under the influence of technical efficiency.

Design/Methodology/Approach:

This article used the panel data method to analyse the data ranging from 2010 to 2019.

Findings:

The study’s results show a strong and positive relationship between FD and the operational efficiency of businesses operating in India. Additionally, in Shareholder Activism (SHA) most analytical models continually show a consistently positive and statistically significant. However, the Profit Before Interest and Tax (PBIT) impact remains statistically insignificant in all cases. Practical Implications: The implications of this research highlight an essential insight for potential investors, emphasizing the knowledge that FD have the potential to negatively impact a company’s market standing when they culminate in unfavorable circumstances, potentially leading to financial losses for invested capital.

Originality/Value:

As of now, there are no studies in the body of literature that support the moderating effects of two different variables—PBIT and SHA—on the relationship between FD and a firm’s operational efficiency.
A Comparative Study of Future Stock Price Prediction Through Artificial Neural Network and ARIMA Modelling
Authors: Varshney Sakshi , Srivastava Purwa
Published: August 2024

Stock price estimation and prediction have been the popular topics for ages for various market participants, including investors, traders, financial analysts and researchers. Understanding the expected direction of stock prices can provide insights into broader market trends and sentiments. Different methods have been tried to find out future predictions with the least degree of error. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and artificial neural networks (ANN) are two popular methods for time series forecasting, including stock price prediction. This paper attempts to forecast stock prices with more accuracy by using ARIMA and ANN tool modelling with secondary data NIFTY 50 of the National Stock Exchange from December 2005 to July 2019. Stock price prediction through ARIMA and ANN was calculated and compared. Results obtained revealed that the ANN method of forecasting stock prices has more accuracy as compared to ARIMA modelling. Future studies can be based on different sector-based data across different sectors and stock markets.
Diseases of domestic rabbits by purpose; a retrospective study of 2,583 cases received at 4 diagnostic laboratories in California, USA, 2013–2022
Authors: Oliver-Guimera Arturo , Asin Javier , Imai Denise M. , Casanova M. Isabel , Strunk Anneliese , Keel Kevin , Uzal Francisco A. , Reavill Drury R.
Published: August 2024

Domestic rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus) are commonly kept as pets or bred for laboratory investigation, meat, fur production, or a combination of these purposes. We conducted a retrospective study to assess the prevalence of diseases in domestic rabbits according to purpose. We retrieved results of autopsies, biopsies, and cytologies from 2,583 cases received at 4 diagnostic laboratories in California from 2013–2022. Rabbits were classified as pets (2,241; 86.8%), laboratory animals (92; 3.6%), meat-production animals (60; 2.3%), or multipurpose animals (190; 7.4%). A final diagnosis was reached in 2,360 (91.4%) cases and was classified by system, etiology, and type of process. Pet rabbits had the highest median age (5.9 y; vs. 3 y, 0.67 y, and 0.25 y in meat, multipurpose, and laboratory rabbits, respectively), and most of the neoplasms were diagnosed in this group (872 of the total 896 neoplasms in the study; 97.3%), with tumors of the skin, female reproductive tract, and hematolymphoid system being the most common. Laboratory rabbits had a high prevalence of infectious enterotyphlocolitis (40 of 92; 43.4%), and ~45% of those cases were due to opportunistic colibacillosis. Infectious and parasitic pneumonias were common in meat rabbits (18 of 60; 30%); pneumonic pasteurellosis accounted for >60% of those cases. Infectious cholangiohepatitides were common in multipurpose rabbits (61 of 110; 55.5%), with rabbit hemorrhagic disease representing the most common etiology (82.4% of those cases). Our results demonstrate that purpose of use can predict prevalence of disease in rabbits submitted to diagnostic laboratories.