bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fire Surfing
Authors: Popejoy Michael W. , Popejoy Daniel P.
Published: January 2017

This is a short story of fiction developed to illustrate teamwork, leadership,camaraderie, the impact of uncontrolled urban growth and poor budget planning. Italso demonstrates the darker side of public bureaucracy in decision making and how it can result in tragic consequences.
Lo, the Poor Volunteer Manager: Hollywood’s Nonprofit Volunteer and Volunteer Manager
Authors: Brudney Jeffrey L. , Lee Mordecai
Published: January 2017

The literature of film studies has emerged in many academic fields as a relevant prism to examine the image of those professions in popular culture. Nonprofit management, though, has paid much less attention to film images. This article explores the cinematic image of the nonprofit volunteer and the volunteer manager in American feature films. It identified eight such movies, produced in 1953 through 2010. This universe is modest, but Hollywood’s extant nonprofit volunteer roughly mirrored the literature, with volunteers tending to be female and white and gaining emotional satisfaction through volunteering. By contrast, managers of nonprofit volunteers were depicted less often in Hollywood’s nonprofit sector, and the image was usually not flattering. We explore the implications of these findings, especially for the profession of managing volunteers in nonprofit organizations and conclude with a suggested agenda for research on the film image of volunteering, volunteer management, and nonprofit organizations.
Ethical Dilemmas in Utah’s Division of Services for People with Disabilities
Authors: Minchey Kade R.
Published: January 2017

The article describes daily ethical decisions required of social workers. It presents two cases that called for ethical consideration.
A Proverbial Approach to Public Administration
Authors: King Stephen M.
Published: January 2017

The ethical challenges of public administrators are great. In order to address thesechallenges the administrator requires more than legal boundaries to fall back onto. A moral foundation is also required. The moral foundation thesis is not new to the study of public administration, however, this paper proposes that one overlooked and underrepresented area for establishing a moral foundation is found in the Judeo-Christian tradition, and especially its central book of wisdom, Proverbs. This paper examines select and common public administrative principles that flow from the book of Proverbs, thus showing that ethical decision-making by public administrators is influenced by wisdom literature found in religious texts.
ASPA’s Code of Ethics
Authors: For Public Administration American Society
Published: January 2017

American Society for Public Administration Code of Ethics
Inner Thoughts or How Woodrow Wilson Came to Write “The Study of Administration”
Authors: Ketelle Diane
Published: January 2017

Woodrow Wilson grapples with concepts and ideas as he prepares to write his seminal essay.
Waldo Revisited or Genesis of the Idea of Looking at Administration through the Prism of the Arts
Authors: Illiash Iryna
Published: January 2017

A synopsis of arguments in favor of integrating works of the arts into the study of public administration.
Table of Contents
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: January 2017

Table of Contents Vol VI, #2-3
Public Service in Turbulent Times An Introduction (Symposium on Terrorism)
Authors: Holzer Marc , Illiash Iryna
Published: January 2017

Marc Holzer, Iryna Illiash
Table of Contents
Authors: Team Editorial
Published: January 2017

TOC
Galvanizing Moments: St.Elgin's College Responds (Fiction)
Authors: Nicolay John A.
Published: January 2017

Professor of History Ian Gestrode's campus life is suddenly, unexpectedly disrupted by the events of September 11, 2001. On the same day a colleague dies of a heart attack. Gestrode struggles with the conflicting emotions of national calamity and personal loss. The campus responds prematurely with little prescience through carelessly planned day of reflection and discourse. The author offers a personal tribute to one if his students, who died at the Pentagon that day.
The Politics of Distance Edcucation
Authors: Peterson Mark
Published: January 2017

"Distance education" at the college level is well over a century old.  It has served the needs of a numerically large, but proportionately small population of learners who have eschewed the campus classroom.  These correspondence school enrollees, educational TV watchers, and audiocassette listeners have had only modest impact on the structure, mission, and strategy of the institutions serving them.  But that is now changing, and changing very dramatically.  The advent of the Internet, interactive television technology, and web-based instructional software, coupled with administrative and political perceptions of educational reformation and fiscal efficiency, may be causing nothing less than a revolution in higher education.  By applying a feminist model of assessment called "unthinking technology," that is to say, exploring the potential, but unthought of socio-political aspects of this technological revolution, this paper raises significant questions about the security of the traditional academic enterprise.  "The Politics of Distance Education" urges a pro-active embrace of these technologies by the academy in order to enable a legitimate "competency for grievance" so that the protection of the validity of higher education, and legitimacy of the academic profession can be ethically defended and publicly respected, rather than being viewed as mulish resistance to the inevitable.
NASPAA Faculty and Their Involvement Distance Edcucation
Authors: Hoffman Marvin , Stefanovic Dragan , Strickland Ruth Ann , Gurley Dan
Published: January 2017

This paper assesses the current use of distance learning technologies in graduate-level public administration programs in the United States.  A telephone survey was undertaken of NASPAA-affiliated MPA programs and responses were received from 100 program directors.  Distance learning means a number of different things in different universities, ranging from the email and web supplements to traditional course materials up to and including videoclasses and faculty-student teleconferencing.  We find that the number of programs using distance learning is rapidly expanding, with 25 universities now using distance learning techologies and 14 more planning implementation within three years.  Although the number of remote sites currently served by a program through distance learning is typically one or two, some statewide programs exist.  Among programs using distance education technology, courses typically comprise only a portion of a student's program, but some programs exist in which a student can complete an entire MPA degree from a remote site.  This article discusses pedagogical issues, such as optimal class size as well as instructor-student and student-peer interaction.  The rationales cited by directors for implementing distance learning are examined. A bibliography is included that directs the reader to additional information regarding future trends in distance education as well as the on-going debate over pedagogical issues relating to distance education.
Reflections on the Future of Public Service after September 11,2001
Authors: McSwite O.C.
Published: January 2017

The public service is a workplace that is edifying because the structural position it occupies in government and society and the work it does entails genuine encounter with self, others, and more generally, the intractable issues of real life. No matter what a public servant is given to do, the ultimate purpose in doing it is to protect and further the public interest. Being relentlessly put up against this ultimate standard is the curse of the public servant's life and at the same time the salvation that life in the public service offers.
The Terrorist (Fiction)
Authors: Popejoy Michael W.
Published: January 2017

A fictional account of a young terrorist's life and death in the country he was taught to hate.
A National Day of Service
Authors: Denhardt Janet V. , Denhardt Robert B.
Published: January 2017

A National Day of Service on September 11th would be a living tribute to those who were killed or injured in the terrorist attacks, as well as a special remembrance of the sacrifices made by people simply trying to help others.
Sensemaking and Knotting: Tools for Understanding Our World
Authors: Liggett Barbara S.
Published: January 2017

How do we understand our world? For centuries, the means of understanding (and, thus the foundation for teaching) has been Newtonian physics - showing the universe to be ruled by orderly laws. We use a discovery method - the scientifc method - in our educational systems. We collect data to describe what has happened, to predict what will happen, and to assist us in making decisions in the workplace. Everything we do is premised on order. And, yet, it is becoming more difficult to see the order.The author purposes that sensemaking as theorized by Karl Weick (1995) and knotting as an expression of sensemaking can assist us in understanding our world. This article describes sensemaking and knotting in a graduate level classroom learning. It is hoped that sensemaking and knotting can also be used by anyone, including administrators in the workplace, to make sense of the seemingly senseless events in our lives. Sensemaking is a change in our thinking, our perception, Knotting is an alternative to our usual expressions of narratice writing.
Is There Anything New Under the Sun? Herbert Simon's Contributions in the 1930s to Performance Measurement and Public Reporting of Performance Results
Authors: Lee Mordecai
Published: January 2017

Herbert A. Simon (1916-2001) has been reown for his scholarly activites in the areas of decision-making, organizational behavior, management, rationality, psychology and artifical intellligence. He had started his career in public administration and made several important scholary contributions to it in the areas of organization theory and decision-making, before moving to larger and broader disciplines. Yet, his contribution at the beginning of his career to the literature of administrative measurement of government and of reporting to the citizenry the results of these measurements is largely overlooked. Of the 973 publications listed in the most authoritative biblography of his life's work, the first 21- all published in 1937-1939 - were on the relate topics of performance measurement and reporting. This article connects the current interest in performace measurement to Simon's contributions that were ahead of its time, along with that of his mentor Clarence Ridley. Their work uncannily echoes the current literature and its relevant and fresh in the contemporary context as when first published 75 years ago.
Community Building in a Distance Delivered MPA Program at the University of Alaska Southeast
Authors: Anderson Jonathan
Published: January 2017

This paper presents a brief case study of the distance delivered Master of Public Administration program at the University of Alaska Southeast in Juneau, Alaska.  The US Department of Education notes that from 1995 to 1998 distance education programs in the US have increased by 72% (complete study available at http://nces.ed.gov/).  Many would say one of the greatest challenges to higher education in today's world is the challenge of distance education, particularly distance education mediated by technology.  For years, Universities have undertaken distance education through correspondence courses.  Despite the existence of such distance education courses, the fact that they were few in number, that they normally involved only preparatory or elective courses, that they rarely involved whole programs, and that they were normally administered by Departments of Continuing Education made them somehow less controversial.
Teaching Criminal Justice Online: A Case Study in Systems Improvement
Authors: Eastep Mary Ann
Published: January 2017

This case study, examining the experiences of a criminal justice instructor teaching Women and Crime online, highlights some of the issues, challenges and discoveries that surface as the course continues to evolve and improve.  Some specific topics include facilitating discussion online, concern about online cheating, the prevalence of online course delivery, performance issues and the "double-edges sword of anonymity."  The theme of continuous improvement is emphasized.
Teaching with Computer Technology: A Professor's Story
Authors: Bruce Willa
Published: January 2017

This paper is an account of a professor's experience in designing a computer-mediated graduate course in ethics.  It contains a description of course development, lessons learned in the experience, and advice for other faculty who are considering the same challenge.
The food I eat
Authors: Helfand Jody
Published: January 2017

Jody Helfand
World Class Friction
Authors: Blake Rowen
Published: January 2017

Rowen Blake
Code 10, Consolidated Civilian Personnel Office, Washington (for Carole Rosti-Meaut)
Authors: Schaffner M. A.
Published: January 2017

M.A. Schaffner
The Directorate of Coastal Interfaces
Authors: Schaffner M. A.
Published: January 2017

M.A. Schaffner
Going Virtual
Authors: Nicolay John A
Published: January 2017

Dr. Ian Gestrode, Professor of History at St. Elgin's College, and his colleagues face a day of reckoning when the College accepts a multi-million grant from a monolithic software/hardware corporation to convert the college to an entirely electronic based delivery system.  Department Chairs "retire", recalcitrant faculty find themselves teaching in hallways and on the grounds as adjuncts willing to accomodate the new regime take over the curriculum.  An upstart faculty member is suddenly elevated to a position of influence joned by a dismal former English instructor, now regarded by a few as the campus distance learning guru.  As the "old guard" confronts the challenge of institutional dismemberment, they craft an ingenius plan to stave off technology to preserve the traditions of the academe.
Not Quite Civil
Authors: Hubbell Larry
Published: January 2017

This fictional piece draws on the author's experience as a juror and the experience of other colleagues who have served as jurors. Although this story is fairly critical of the jury process, this is not to imply that all jury processes are flawed. However, as a teacher and student of organizational behavior and an OD practitioner, the author is particularly conscious of group dynamics. In the juries that he has participated in and interviewed other colleagues about, it became clear that some jurors' decisions were influenced by pathologies that these jurors brought with them into the courtroom.
The Unreal Administrator: Lessons and Challenges from Poems, Novels, Movies, Television, and Other Stuff & An Instructor's Guide to the Unreal Administrator
Authors: Illiash Iryna
Published: January 2017

Reviewed by Iryna Illiash
Welfare Class Identity and the Rhetoric of Erasure in Academia
Authors: Adair Vivyan , Dahlberg Sandra
Published: January 2017

This paper explores whether it is true that education can unlock the door to economic opportunity and thus enable disadvantaged groups to "pull themselves up by their bootstraps" allowing them to live the American dream.
Reflections on the Production of a Working Class Academic
Authors: Greene David
Published: January 2017

A white, working class professor's reflections on his life and career.
On Buying a Postmodern Outfit at Ross Dress-For-Less
Authors: Auth Mary
Published: January 2017

Reflections
The Discourse of Silence: Shhhh
Authors: Bend Sarah L
Published: January 2017

Short comedic sketch
Spiritual Wisdom in the "New" Leadership
Authors: Lynch Cynthia E , Lynch Thomas D
Published: January 2017

In 1977 and 1979, Robert Greenleaf published two books on his concerpt of servant leadership; and since his death, his associates and friends have written a series of books on this same theme, which is important to public administration.  In brief, the books argue for a style of leadership that stresses listening, empathy, healing, persuasion, awareness, foresight, conceptualization, committment of growth to others, stewardship, and building community.  In this article, we argue that the Information Age is creating new organizations in which servant leadership is particularly salient as opposed to the traditional command and control leadership style of management.  Although applauding this literature, we argue that is was very much based on the spiritual wisdom literature, which has existed since humankind first recorded their thoughts.  We further argue that we, as scholars and professionals, can improve this very important useful literature even more by tapping Greenleaf's original source of inspiration.
A Tale of Two Sisters
Authors: Murray Nancy
Published: January 2017

A Tale of Two Sisters represents an attempt to portray different approaches to organizational situations through creative story telling.  A small but growing number of writers in the field of public administration have used creative writing to capture the interest of bureaucrats.  Stories are powerful in that they can fire the imagination of the reader and provide an experience that is both enjoyable and meaningful.  Acceptance of story teling and creative writing in public administration allows for new and different talent to participate in defining what it means to be a public administrator.  Creative writing is also an excellent vehicle for connecting the teachings of different disciplines and belief systems in a metaphorical way.  The ideals of servant leadership and the teachings of Buddhism comed together in the following story as we witness a meeting between twin sisters.
Linking Theory With Practice: Examining the Case of Servant Leadership and Community Policing
Authors: Williams Brian N
Published: January 2017

Scholars and practicioners of public administration have been skeptical of new theories that seem long on rhetoric but short on practical application.  This essay examines coupling the theory of servant leadership with the contemporary practice of community policing.  Its purpose is to reveal points of linkage, highlight places of conflict and dissension, and illuminate the praxis dilemma that often accompanies the convergence of ideas with the professional practice of public administration.
I Am a Bureaucrat
Authors: Allen Wycliffe
Published: January 2017

This article is a "public voice" from the past.  "I Am a Bureaucrat" contributed a personal dimension to the perennial issues in public administration.  It also reminds us that the more things change, the more they remain the same.  The true name of its author will never be known as it appeared under the pseudonym "Wycliffe Allen," but the truths it speaks are timeless.
Challenging the Public/Private Divide: Feminism, Law, and Public Policy (by Susan B. Boyd, ed.)
Authors: DeLeon Linda
Published: January 2017

Book Review
Putting the Brakes on an Ethics Meltdown
Authors: Menzel Donald C
Published: January 2017

Book Reviews
Bureaucracy and the Bard: Symposium Introduction
Authors: Wachhaus Aaron
Published: January 2017

Public administration demands facility in the skill of organizational management.
Case Study #7: Nursery Rhymes by Mother Goose and Others
Authors: Nichols Kenneth
Published: January 2017

From childhood, everyone has heard a range of nursery rhymes, many attributed to “Mother Goose.” Those verses — part of the fabric of our culture — are also pointed lessons in organization and leadership.
Justices Of The Peace In Stuart England
Authors: Spicer Michael
Published: January 2017

American public administration has tended to neglect its his­torical roots in English administrative practice. This article examines the administrative practice of justices of the peace in Stuart England. It is argued here that the practice of the Stu­art justices exhibited an independence from central control by the crown and also a legalistic character, both of which have been important in shaping later American administrative practice.
Masthead
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: January 2017

MAST
Public Administration at the Movies
Authors: Holley Lyn , Lutte Rebecca K
Published: January 2017

This paper briefly summarizes evidence for the influence of popular films on public perception of government and on public policy.  Two films examined through the lens of public administration, and the lessons they teach about public administration, are exposed.  One film, Ghostbusters conveys a strongly negative image, and the other, A Thousand Heroes a strongly positive message.  Only Ghostbusters was and remains popular and profitable.  Public information efforts by government and the public administration community have been limited or reactive.  The authors argue for the increased support for public information initiatives such as those of the Public Employees Roundtable (PER) and  the American Society of Public Administration (ASPA).
Just Doin' My Job
Authors: Eastep Mary Ann M , Farazmand Ali
Published: January 2017

Two recent films, The Chamber (1996), and Dead Man Walking (1996), each contribute unique insights into bureaucratic socialization as they traverse the work world of prison personnel charged with the implementation of society's ultimate punishment.
Organization Development in Hollywood War Movies: from The Sands of Iwo Jima to G. I. Jane
Authors: Shafritz Jay , Foot Peter
Published: January 2017

G.I. Jane and many other war movies such as those of John Wayne demonstrate how organization development is, and always has been, an inherent part of military training.
FRAGMENTS INTO THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE BRAZILIAN BUREAUCRACY’S IMAGE THROUGH THE CINEMA
Authors: Abreu Maria De Fatima , De Paula Joao Antonio , Dias Sonia Maria , Assis Luiz Fernandes , Cerqueira Monica
Published: January 2017

The authors reflect on the construction of the bureaucrats’ images in Brazil, analyzing films, two of them portraying colonial times--a period which is at the root of present day bureaucratic stereotypes.
SIDESHOW BOBBY IMAGES OF THE POLICE IN FLEMISH FILM AND TELEVISION
Authors: Van den Bulck Jan
Published: January 2017

Images of Law Enforcement in Flanders have actually moved away from culture-specific stereotypes, which may have been typical of Flemish storytelling or myth, towards storylines and ways of telling the story which resemble the mainstream of what is internationally distributed.
The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Screen Bureaucrat
Authors: Gabrielyan Vache
Published: January 2017

The depiction of bureaucrats in Soviet cinema echoes the development in the political and economic life the country: it mirrors peoples’ attitudes towards the authorities, towards civic rights and freedoms, changing values and ideas
A Forgotten Tune for the Flute (Film Review)
Authors: Illiash Iryna
Published: January 2017

Reviewed by Iryna Illiash
Masthead
Authors: Leads Editorial
Published: January 2017

Opening pages of the issue
Charlie Chaplin’s Modern Times (Reviewed by Shelley Rice)
Authors: Rice Shelley
Published: January 2017

Film Review
Paulus Teding van Berkhout: The More I Know Him the Less I Understand Him
Authors: Wagenaar Pieter
Published: January 2017

Historical ideas often appear to show a striking resemblance to modern ones. Yet when one studies them in detail the superficial insight one appears to have in such ideas is destroyed, because then it becomes clear that ordinary looking ideas have existed in entirely different 'orderings of reality'. That is why the more one studies a 17th theorist on public administration; the stranger he gets to the present-day student. The article ends by posing the question whether a similar thing also goes for the cross-cultural study of PA.
St. Anselm : A Perspective on Anti-Administration
Authors: Farmer David J.
Published: January 2017

This article shows that we can learn about anti-administration and about contemporary Public Administration discourse by reflecting on the 11th - 12th century perspective of St. Anselm, a successful and brilliant 11th -12th century Bishop. The medieval perspective can underline the limited parameters of our traditional discourse.
The Borg Administration: Science Fiction
Authors: Rutgers Mark R.
Published: January 2017

This article explores the potential of science fiction as a "thought experiment in public administration." Science fiction may explore existing ideas and practices in ways not possible otherwise. Thus, it is possible to contemplate on the functioning of entirely authoritarian regimes, as well as, utterly egalitarian and paradise like culturesm and work our their administrative needs and solutions This "radical approach" to administration  can aid our understanding. In this sense novels such as Orwell's 1984 do have a message that influences our ideas and opinions about public administration.
The Art of Administrative Biography: Wallace Stegner's John Wesley Powell
Authors: Luton Larry
Published: January 2017

Wallace Stegner's biography of John Wesley Powell is a valuable case study of the art involved in administrative biography. Biographical narratives entail a kind of thinking that involves the use of imagination, a viewpoint regarding human intentions and dynamics, an appreciation of the complex influences of historical and cultural context, and an empathetic engagement. This kind of thinking is valued highly by public administrators. It is well suited both to the representationand to the development of practical knowledge. Examining the impact of Stegner's perspective on this biography leads to important lessons regarding the interpreter's influence on the meaning derived from a nonfiction narrative.
All Those Ghosts
Authors: Balk Walter L.
Published: January 2017

A weathered diplomat with a successful career behind him, while temporary bedridden after a car accident, contemplates about the history of his craft looking for answers to the question: What drove "policy-wonks" of all times to abandon normal, sane relationships for the benefit of prominent individuals or grand abstractions such as faith, empire, nation? He embarks on an imaginative journey back in time to meet with other advisors to the powerful.
The Food I Eat
Authors: Helfand Jody
Published: January 2017

Poetry
Table of Contents
Authors: Team Editorial
Published: January 2017

Vol XIV, #2
The Working Sheep Dog as a Model of the Street- Level Public Servant
Authors: Hacker Anne J.
Published: January 2017

There are examples all around us of natural, simple, yet amazingly complex organizational structures that demonstrate models of leadership that are of use today. The working sheep dog is one such example. It is a vision of grace, ability, stamina and integrity. The relationship that exists between theses canine and human partners mirrors that of the street-level public servant and servant leader.
Public Service Ethics and the Literary Imagination: Remarks at ASPA Ethics Conference, Portland State University, May 2000
Authors: Rohr John A.
Published: January 2017

The author believes that the study of literature can bring out moral tensions embedded in the structure of any serious examination of ethics in government.
Good, Better, Best
Authors: Patterson Valerie L.
Published: January 2017

By Valerie Patterson
Half Moon Street & Bedford Square by Anne Perry
Authors: Olshfski Dorothy
Published: January 2017

Book Reviews
Review of AIDS in New York: The First Five Years
Authors: Woolley Jonathan
Published: January 2017

Review of the Exhibit "AIDS in New York: The First Five Years"
Capturing the Art of Public Service: The Government’s Perspective
Authors: Carrizales Tony
Published: January 2017

Public Service, in popular culture, can be viewed through many artistic lenses. Although there has been a consistent negative portrayal of government through art forms such as film and television, this research looks to review how government institutions in the United States have used art to provide a positive portrayal of public service. Eight forms of public service art are outlined through a content analysis of the holdings at the Virtual Museum of Public Service. The findings show that government and public entities have historically and continually engaged in promoting public service through art. Many of these public art examples are accessible year round, without limitations, such as buildings, statues, and public structures.
Masthead
Authors: Team Editorial
Published: January 2017

Public Voices Vol. 14 No. 2
Declaration of Independence
Authors: Trumbull John
Published: January 2017

Painting by John Trumbull
State Religious Exemptions and Child Medical Neglect: Ambiguity in Child Welfare Policy and Procedures
Authors: Alvarez Ariel
Published: January 2017

The liberty interest of parents and the state’s role as parens patriae conflict in cases of re-ligious based child medical neglect. All 50 states, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico provide some form of religious exemption against prosecution for religious based child medical neglect. State religious exemptions related to religious based denial of medical treatment contain one or more intervention thresholds based on parental liberty interest, best interest of the child, and harm standard.Using the 2010 National District Attorneys Association’s National Center for Prosecution of Child Abuse Religious Exemption Statutes, an in-depth examination of state medical neglect religious exemption legislation prior to August 2010 was conducted for the 50 states in the continental U.S., District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. The study sample consisted of 16 states identified as including only a parental liberty interest provision in their state religious exemption statutes. A comparative analysis method was used to compare state child welfare agency/child protective services policy and procedure manu-als to determine: (a) which states provided guidelines for investigating religious based child medical neglect and (b) specific procedural requirements for investigating and re-sponding to cases of suspected or observed religious based child medical neglect. The best approach to balance parental liberty interest and states’ obligation as parens patriae to protect a child’s liberty interest of health and well-being is through policies based on the harm principle as the threshold for state intervention rather than the best interest or the liberty interest standard.
Allegory of Good Government
Authors: Lorenzetti Ambrogio
Published: January 2017

“Allegory of Good Government” (detail) by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, fresco, 1338. Palazzo Pubblico, Siena, Italy.
A Progressive Era Idea for Reforming Government that Didn’t Make It: Recall of Judicial Decisions
Authors: Lee Mordecai
Published: January 2017

As a reform movement and an academic discipline, American public administrationgenerally coalesced during the Progressive era (1890-1920). Progressive reforms for the public sector seeped deeply into the DNA of the field, including separation of civil servants from politics, reliance on expertise, fewer elected offices, and public reporting of agency activities. However, not all of the governmental reforms proposed during this era were enacted. One of the most controversial and least known was Theodore Roosevelt’s proposal in 1912 that the voters be able to have a referendum on major court decisions, permitting them to overturn those decisions. His idea was only enacted in Colorado, where it remained on the books until 1921. This article reviews the original concept and its history in Colorado.
Bureaucratic Adage
Authors: Pierre Yonel
Published: January 2017

Poetry by Yonel Pierre
Won't Back Down Misfires on Parent Trigger, but Gets the Politics, Organizations Right
Authors: Maranto Robert
Published: January 2017

This essay briefly discusses recent American films about urban public schools, citingresearch to suggest that the genre accurately captures the dysfunctions of many schools as bureaucracies. This sets up a lengthy review of the most talked about education drama of 2012, Won’t Back Down. On its artistic merits, Won’t Back Down is something of an after school special, with great acting wasted in the service of a melodramatic script. The education policy instrument portrayed, the “parent trigger” enabling parents to take over dysfunctional schools, has questionable utility. That said, the movie captures nonresponsive bureaucracies, school boards indifferent to the interests of children, how bureaucrats can make activist parents and teachers pay a heavy price, and the sort of organizing tactics that can outlast the educational establishment. Most notably, the film excels at explaining the tactics and motivations of union leaders and members. In short, while it fails as a work of art, Won’t Back Down works as work of social science, exploring dilemmas of bureaucracy and democracy.
Review of Rise and Fall of Apartheid: Photography and the Bureaucracy of Everyday Life
Authors: Woolley Jonathan
Published: January 2017

Reviewed by Jonathan Woolley
Case Study #3: When I Was a Lad & Modern Major-General by William S. Gilbert
Authors: Nichols Kenneth
Published: January 2017

“When I Was a Lad” is from H.M.S. Pinafore, a nineteenth century British operetta by William S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan. It’s sung by a man who has become “the ruler of the Queen’s Navy.” Through the song, he tells about his climb to success. “I Am the Very Model of a Modern Major-General” is from Pirates of Penzance. Sung by the major-general, it extols his many qualifications and hints at his ambition.Gilbert and Sullivan’s comic operas often involved political satire, and this is the case with both of these songs. Both songs describe the talents, experience, qualifications of a government official. Both songs poke fun of officials and their self-importance. Both songs point to the benefit of having a broad, generalist education for higher-level positions. And both songs make the point that public officials need appropriate qualifications and experience. But the characters singing these songs display many differences as well, and very different outlooks on how to succeed. As you follow the lyrics, what do you make of the two gentlemen? Who would you want to work for? Who would you want working for you?
The Unreal Administrator’s Case Studies: Lessons and Challenges from Poems, Novels, Movies, Television, and Other Stuff
Authors: Nichols Kenneth
Published: January 2017

Series Introduction by Kenneth Nichols
Case Study #1: A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner
Authors: Nichols Kenneth
Published: January 2017

In “A Rose for Emily,” Faulkner discusses the relationship of the individual and thecommunity. So assume, for the time being, that you live in a modest town, possibly in Yoknapatawpha County somewhere in rural America. Not only are you a long-time member of the community, but you are also one of the several people who keep the town government operating smoothly. You might be the town’s clerk, its manager, or its mayor. Those townspeople are your friends and your neighbors as well as the public that you serve. The era might be the early 1900s, as it is here in “A Rose for Emily;” in certain respects, however, it could almost be today.Now with that frame of reference in mind, read William Faulkner’s short story.
Case Study #2: The Mask of the Red Death by Edgar Allan Poe
Authors: Nichols Kenneth
Published: January 2017

Every era has had its scourge, contagion, pestilence, or plague. And every age has had to deal with those problems in the best way it could at the time. Edgar Allan Poe creates for us a leader whose method of “dealing” was, at best, ill-considered.
Cover & Masthead
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: January 2017

Public Voices Vol. 12 No. 2
Table of Contents
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: January 2017

Vol XII, #1
Interdisciplinary Discourse: Conceptualization and Applications in Public Administration
Authors: Baracskay Daniel
Published: January 2017

In academia, the importance of interdisciplinary discourse (IDD) as an instrument of change and evolution for disciplines and subfields has expanded considerably in modern times. The concept of discourse continues to develop as a means of sharing and transmitting communication, dialogue, and ideas across disciplinary boundaries. While basic levels of discourse are simple, they can progress into more advanced stages where distinctive challenges arise. Under such circumstances, the transmission process has a significant impact on the substantive scholarship and value structures of the recipient discipline, causing it to recast itself in order to effectively absorb transmissions. For some disciplines, transmissions over the long run are beneficial and lead to progressive change and development. For others which did not form their owndistinct identities early in the developmental stages, the IDD process results incomplications since appropriate interfaces do not exist to absorb the transmissions received. This has the potential to trigger an identity crisis, as has been the case with public administration. This article examines three distinct periods of recasting in public administration: 1) early development and the influence of business models (1887-1940); 2) the development of a science of administration (1940-1968); and 3) postmodernism and public administration (1969—present). While public administration has evolved considerably across these periods of recasting, it has not escaped the immanent progression toward an identity crisis.
Stewardship in Large Public Projects: The Practicality of Shakespeare
Authors: Horiuchi Catherine
Published: January 2017

Can reading great literature, considering its heroes and small characters, improve the performance of public sector actors? King Lear’s characters fault a wickedly disinterested heaven for life’s setbacks and woes. Yet Shakespeare makes clear that these actors’ own terrible choices beset the king, his family and the rest of us who are subject to the acts of public leaders. Reading this literature as analogy for the effectiveness of the modern public sector suggests how administrative operation of our democratic state may – or may not – successfully parcel power and control so as to limit negative externalities derived from ill-informed, self-serving or rent-seeking executive and individual decisions. Lear’s tragic arc mimics a sorrowful “muddling through” and potentially unnecessary “satisficing” in certain large public works projects. One large public project currently deemed successful is examined here – the replacement of the eastern span of the Bay Bridge in San Francisco – as a reflection on separated powers, the limits of human nature, and the inevitability of error.
“Dialogue” in Guantanamo Bay
Authors: Dawoody Alexander
Published: January 2017

Employing a fictional scenario, the author tries to understand the mind-set of thosewho are involved in either the Iraqi resistance or in terrorist networks as well asreflects on aspects of interrogation methods employed by the United Statesgovernment in order to obtain information from those suspected of insurgency orterrorism.
Twizzek
Authors: Nolting M. E.
Published: January 2017

Highs and lows of government service with a ghost story twist.
Table of Contents
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: January 2017

Vol. XII, #2
Community-Based Research: Act Locally, Think Globally
Authors: Dawoody Alexander R.
Published: January 2017

Symposium Community-Based Research: Act Locally, Think Globally Editor: Alexander R. Dawoody
The Taubman/Golandsky Approach to the Violin
Authors: Till Sophie
Published: January 2017

Three years ago Sophie Till started working with pianist Edna Golandsky, the leading exponent of the Taubman Piano Technique, an internationally acclaimed approach that is well known to pianists, on the one hand, for allowing pianists to attain a phenomenal level of virtuosity and on the other, for solving very serious piano-related injuries. Till, a violinist, quickly realized that here was a unique technical approach that could not only identify and itemize the minute movements that underlie a virtuoso technique but could show how these movements interact and go into music making at the highest level. Furthermore, through the work of the Golandsky Institute, she saw a pedagogical approach that had been developed to a remarkable depth and level of clarity. It was an approach that had the power to communicate in a way she had never seen before, despite her own first class violin training from the earliest age. While the geography and “look” on the violin are different from the piano, the laws governing coordinate motion specifically in playing the instrument are the same for pianists and violinists. As a result of Till’s work translating the technique for violin, a new pedagogical approach for violinists of all ages is emerging; the Taubman/Golandsky Approach to the Violin. In reflecting on these new developments, Edna Golandsky wrote, “I have been working with the Taubman Approach for more than 30 years and have worked regularly with other instrumentalists. However, Sophie Till was the first violinist who asked me to teach her with the same depth that I do with pianists. With her conceptual and intellectual agility as well as complete dedication to helping others, she has been the perfect partner to translate this body of knowledge for violinists. Through this collaboration, Sophie is helping develop a new ‘language’ for violinist that will prevent future problems, solve present ones and start beginners on the right road to becoming the best they can be. The implications of this new work for violinists are enormous.”
Integrating International Service-Learning in an Academic Graduate Course: An Instructor and Student Perspective
Authors: Mbugua Tata , Godek Lauren
Published: January 2017

This descriptive paper aims to discuss and share perspectives on a graduate travel course that integrated an international service-learning component. The course (Cross-Cultural and Global Perspectives in Education) taught in Kenya during the summer of 2010 had four registered students. Accompanying these students were the course instructor, two University of Scranton faculty members and three alumni. This article describes the experiences of two participants –instructor of the course and one graduate student who had never traveled outside of the United States prior to enrolling in this course.The students gained perspectives on the diversity of the African continent in general and Kenya in particular. Through course assignments such as journal entries, reflections on pertinent readings, discussion boards and experiences visiting primary classrooms, students acquired deeper insights into the educational system in Kenya, which helped quell misconceptions about the country. The notion of triple identity – citizen in a community, nation and world – was experienced by the students. A critical pedagogy approach, Ignatian pedagogy, in-depth reflection, international service-learning and learning outcomes will form the framework of the article.
The Art of Improvisation and Street-Level Bureaucracy
Authors: Mullins Lauren Bock
Published: January 2017

This article explores the similarities and differences between the art of improvisation and street-level bureaucracy. By offering a new framework that points out the similarities between bureaucratic discretion and improvisation, we see how street-level bureaucracy has artistic elements, which can be helpful in expanding our understanding of this phenomenon.
Niccolo’s Lesson: Machiavelli’s Advice to Policy Advisors
Authors: Mayer Jeffrey L
Published: January 2017

Machiavelli thought that princes should be able to lie, but he wrote—and lived as if he believed—that policy advisors must tell the truth. To do less, he thought—to shape analyses to fit the preferences of powerful patrons—was to sacrifice both political utility and professional self-respect. But also, he knew that speaking truth to power is dangerous business. To lessen the risks, he counseled advisors to rely on boldness or, as conditions might require, to practice artful sycophancy (an echo of his advice to princes about imitating lions and foxes). The twist in Machiavelli’s story is that he could not follow his own advice. He should have known, but acted as if he didn’t, that advisors fail for the same reasons princes do—because of ignorance and an inability to adjust their methods to shifts in circumstance. In that sense, “Niccolo’s Lesson” is a cautionary tale that illuminates the duties, risks, and destinies of policy advisors in every age.
Governing Fables: Learning from Public Sector Narratives
Authors: Goodsell Charles T.
Published: January 2017

Reviewed by Charles T. Goodsell
Masthead
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: January 2017

Public Voices Vol. 11 No. 1
Inseminação artificial em caprinos: Associação das biotécnicas de diluição e refrigeração do sêmen
Authors: João Elzeário Castelo Branco Iapichini
Published: January 2017

Of the several available biotechnologies for the enhancement of reproductive management, it is recommended programming and distribution of reproductive cycles and deliveries throughout the year, underpinned by rational use of Artificial Insemination. This biotech, with cooled semen in goats, practical results more viable, both economically and productive, with reproductive rates closer to that obtained by natural service or fresh semen, and superior to those obtained with frozen semen. It is characteristic of goat semen synthesis and secretion of enzymes by the bulbourethral glands, released into the seminal plasma. In light of the deleterious effects, the enzymatic composition of goat semen and extenders are of great importance in the preservation of semen frozen or refrigerated. Combined with other reproductive biotechnologies, artificial insemination is an important option as agent optimization of different systems of goat production, contributing to a better distribution of births throughout the year, reducing or even eliminating the off season milk, meat and breeding animals, slowing down economic barriers and strategy for the sector. The use of any management technique should assess their impact on animal production in terms of biological and financial information. Thus, continuous scientific research and biotechnological innovations expected to agribusiness and social goats are important instruments for sustainable regional development.
Anatomy of the digestive tube of toco toucan
Authors: André Luiz Qualgliatto Santos
Published: January 2017

A study was made of the anatomy of the digestive tract of 12 specimens of Ramphastos toco captured by IBAMA (Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources) of Uberlândia, MG. The birds comprised seven males and five females, six adults and six juveniles, with an average total length of 476.33 ± 103.49 mm. The birds’ thoracic-abdominal cavity was opened to examine and identify the components of the digestive tube. The cervical esophagus, situated dorsolaterally to the trachea in the right antimere of the neck, continues as the thoracic esophagus in view of the absence of an ingluvium (craw) in this species. The thoracic esophagus leads ventrally to the lungs, joining the proventricle dorsally to the heart. The proventricle is cylindrical and is located in the left antimere of the cavity. The ventricle, in turn, is rounded and in close contact with the dorsal side of the left hepatic lobe through an impression. The duodenum forms a U-shaped loop and is connected to the ventricle, the right hepatic lobe, and the jejunum-ileum and colon-rectum loops. The largest intestinal segment, the jejunum-ileum, is arranged in loops distributed along the caudal third of the thoracic-abdominal cavity. The large intestine consists solely of the colon-rectum, which circumvents the left kidney ventrally to the cloaca. The cervical esophagus, thoracic esophagus, proventricle, ventricle, duodenum, jejunum-ileum and colon-rectum represent, on average, 17.82%, 12.90%, 5.67%, 6.82%, 27.64%, 30.06% and 11.57%, respectively, of the bird’s total length.