bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time for change? The emotions of teacher collaboration and reform
Authors: Datnow Amanda
Published: June 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the intersection of teacher emotions, teacher collaboration and educational reform, particularly with respect to time, a key teacher resource that is often impacted in school change.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper draws upon data gathered in an in-depth, two-year qualitative case study of teacher teams in two US elementary schools. A total of 57 interviews and 102 hours of teacher team meeting observations were conducted across the two schools. The data analysis process involved several rounds of content coding of interview transcripts and teacher team meeting observation notes using MAXQDA software.

Findings

Teachers at the two schools benefitted from collaborative school structures that allowed time and space to innovate and brought joy to their professional lives. Strong professional communities served as sources of support as teachers experienced stress and frustration with reforms that created demands on their time and shifts in their teaching. Leadership played an important role in providing emotional support and autonomy to teachers, allowing teachers to flourish collectively.

Originality/value

This study has important implications for how researchers, policymakers and practitioners conceptualize the emotional dimension of teachers’ time in educational reform efforts. It is critical to consider whether expectations for what teachers can accomplish in collaboration are realistic in light of current working conditions. Given that emotions are at the core of teaching and the process of change, it is important to continue to explore the connections between teacher emotions and the professional capital they build in collaboration with each other.
Student teachers’ emotions when watching their own videos and those of their peers
Authors: Chan Kennedy Kam Ho , He Cuiling , Ng Richard Chi Keung , Leung Jessica Shuk Ching
Published: June 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the emotions reported by a group of student teachers (STs) after viewing their own teaching videos and those of their peers, as well as the reasons for those emotions. It also investigated the perceived influence of the STs’ emotions on their learning from the videos.

Design/methodology/approach

The case study involved 12 STs, and was situated in the context of a science methods course on a postgraduate teaching diploma program. The emotions associated with watching different types of video materials were investigated using a variety of data-collection methods, including written surveys, student-generated metaphors, and interviews. The emotion labels/words (e.g. horrible, joyful) and metaphors the STs used to describe their video-viewing experience, as well as the reasons for their emotions, were analyzed. The perceived influence of the participants’ emotions on their learning from the different types of video material was also analyzed qualitatively.

Findings

The findings suggested that most of the STs experienced negative emotions when viewing their own videos, whereas all of them reported positive emotions when viewing their peers’ videos. Distinct groups of STs displaying similar emotions while viewing the different video materials were distinguished. Their characteristics and the reasons for their emotions were identified. Analysis of the perceived influence of emotions suggested that they exert differential influences on learning from video materials, with the negative emotions associated with viewing one’s own videos reported to hinder such learning in most cases.

Originality/value

This study represents one of the few attempts to investigate the emotions related to STs’ video-viewing experience. The case study problematizes the lack of attention to the emotions associated with ST’s video-viewing experience in existing scholarship and highlights the fact that research findings on in-service teachers’ emotions associated with viewing different types of video material might not be transferable to novice teachers. The identification of distinct groups of STs who experience particular emotions when viewing different types of video material, as well as the differing perceived influence of those emotions on their learning, has implications for the effective use of videos to enhance learning in initial teacher education.
Nursing leadership in Ireland: experiences and obstacles
Authors: de Vries Jan M.A. , Curtis Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate nurses’ experiences of leadership within health care in the Republic of Ireland.

Design/methodology/approach

This mainly qualitative study made use of a mail survey sent to a random national selection of registered nurses. Participants were asked to provide narrative descriptors of good nursing leadership and identify obstacles to such leadership.

Findings

Participants mainly provided examples of nursing leadership within a hierarchical context (concentrated leadership), such as meeting organisational goals and decision-making. While elements of distributed leadership were mentioned (good communication, providing help and support), they were mainly described as part of formal management roles, rather than leadership. Observed obstacles to developing nursing leadership included high workload, lack of support from management and peers, limited opportunities to gain experience, lack of education/training and poor work environments.

Research limitations/implications

The small sample (n = 72) limits generalisation. A wider interdisciplinary effort to address experiences with nursing leadership in Ireland may be needed to inform health services of the issues from a broader perspective.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that development of nursing leadership in Ireland may still be in its infancy, and that several obstacles need to be overcome.

Originality/value

Very few studies have addressed narratives from nurses regarding personal experiences with nursing leadership. The examples provided by participants have yielded significant insight into the issues they encounter, which are reflective of health care elsewhere.
Equipment planning strategy for liners: empty container repositioning across alliances
Authors: Tong Hang Fa , Yan Hong
Published: June 2018

Purpose

This paper examines the possible cooperation options in terms of empty container repositioning across alliances for shipping lines based in the Greater China Region (China, Taiwan and Hong Kong SAR), after the three global shipping alliances reformed in April 2017.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper offers a comprehensive review to the latest shipping alliances and introduces a new cooperative dimension among shipping lines based in the Greater China Region which are member of different shipping alliances.

Findings

Cooperation among shipping lines in the Greater China Region in terms of empty container handling is possible in terms of resource sharing among shipping lines across alliances that fosters mega shipping line formation in the future.

Practical implications

Shipping lines should review their current empty container repositioning strategies and explore cooperation among non-alliance members having headquarters in proximity for quick responsiveness in empty container repositioning plan and execution.

Originality/value

This is a research directly analyzing the empty repositioning plan of the major shipping lines and their major service routes, fleet and containers.
Sustainable supply chain management
Authors: Panigrahi Swayam Sampurna , Bahinipati Bikram , Jain Vipul
Published: June 2018

Purpose

The business enterprises are increasingly focusing on buying and supplying of products and services in a manner to reduce the adverse impacts on the environment, society, and economy. In view of the above, the concept of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) has received attention of the industry and academia due to its importance on environmental, social and corporate responsibility through economic performance. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

The structured literature review attempts to map the various theories in the SSCM literature from the perspectives of economic performance, environmental dimensions, and social values and ethics.

Findings

As supply management is vital for enhancing organizational competitiveness, the present work attempts to investigate the theoretical perspectives in SSCM to develop an understanding of the current research activities and future potentials.

Practical implications

This work aims to gain a number of valid insights for the practitioners and the researchers. It also focuses on the perspectives of governance mechanisms for successful implementation SSCM practices in the business enterprises.

Originality/value

As the theory building initiatives with implications on the conceptualization of SSCM is limited in literature, this work has also been able to identify the trends and relevant research gaps to define the potential areas for future research.
Monitoring urban environmental phenomena through a wireless distributed sensor network
Authors: Bebelaar Niek , Braggaar Robin Christian , Kleijwegt Catharina Marianne , Meulmeester Roeland Willem Erik , Michailidou Gina , Salheb Nebras , van der Spek Stefan , Vaissier Noortje , Verbree Edward
Published: June 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide local environmental information to raise community’s environmental awareness, as a cornerstone to improve the quality of the built environment. Next to that, it provides environmental information to professionals and academia in the fields of urbanism and urban microclimate, making it available for reuse.

Design/methodology/approach

The wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of sensor platforms deployed at fixed locations in the urban environment, measuring temperature, humidity, noise and air quality. Measurements are transferred to a server via long range wide area network (LoRaWAN). Data are also processed and publicly disseminated via the server. The WSN is made interactive as to increase user involvement, i.e. people who pass by a physical sensor in the city can interact with the sensor platform and request specific environmental data in near real time.

Findings

Microclimate phenomena such as temperature, humidity and air quality can be successfully measured with a WSN. Noise measurements are less suitable to send over LoRaWAN due to high temporal variations.

Research limitations/implications

Further testing and development of the sensor modules is needed to ensure consistent measurements and data quality.

Practical implications

Due to time and budget limitations for the project group, it was not possible to gather reliable data for noise and air quality. Therefore, conclusions on the effect of the measurements on the built environment cannot currently be drawn.

Originality/value

An autonomously working low-cost low-energy WSN gathering near real-time environmental data is successfully deployed. Ensuring data quality of the measurement results is subject for upcoming research.
Participatory urban informatics: towards citizen-ability
Authors: Foth Marcus
Published: June 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to trace how the relationship between city governments and citizens has developed over time with the introduction of urban informatics and smart city technology.

Design/methodology/approach

The argument presented in the paper is backed up by a critical review approach based on a transdisciplinary assessment of social, spatial and technical research domains.

Findings

Smart cities using urban informatics can be categorised into four classes of maturity or development phases depending on the qualities of their relationship with their citizenry. The paper discusses the evolution of this maturity scale from people as residents, consumers, participants, to co-creators.

Originality/value

The paper’s contribution has practical implications for cities wanting to take advantage of urban informatics and smart city technology. First, recognising that technology is a means to an end requires cities to avoid technocratic solutions and employ participatory methodologies of urban informatics. Second, the most challenging part of unpacking city complexities is not about urban data but about a cultural shift in policy and governance style towards collaborative citymaking. The paper suggests reframing the design notion of usability towards “citizen-ability”.
Experimentation at scale: challenges for making urban informatics work
Authors: Brynskov Martin , Heijnen Adriënne , Balestrini Mara , Raetzsch Christoph
Published: June 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss how experimentation with open Internet of Things data can be institutionalised in an inclusive manner at scale.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach is conceptual, addressing key challenges discussed in the literature on experimental cities. This exposition of the problem of scaling experimentation is anchored in findings from two projects (Dampbusters and OrganiCity), which seek to implement experimentation as a practice of sustainable digital urban development.

Findings

One central finding is that local interventions need transferable frameworks and mechanisms to achieve scaling effects of experimentation as a practice. In addition, experimentation must embed common engagement principles, structures of data and interfaces, and governance principles across use cases to be scaled.

Originality/value

The authors outline how and why experimentation can be a useful approach to address challenges of implementing urban informatics into concrete uses and procedures for co-creation. Based on reports from two projects, the authors develop recommendations for experimentation at scale that reflect the need for engagement principles, the need for common data structures and interfaces, as well as governance principles.
Bright spots in agricultural landscapes: Identifying areas exceeding expectations for multifunctionality and biodiversity
Authors: Frei Barbara , Renard Delphine , Mitchell Matthew G. E. , Seufert Verena , Chaplin‐Kramer Rebecca , Rhemtulla Jeanine M. , Bennett Elena M.
Published: June 2018

Agriculture's influence on humanity is a dichotomy of promise and peril. Research on the food‐environment dilemma has highlighted the environmental consequences of food production, yet the identification of management solutions is an ongoing challenge.

We suggest “bright spots” as a promising tool to identify levers of change by finding areas that exceed expectations for goals, such as agricultural landscape multifunctionality and biodiversity.

We identified bright, dark and average spots within a complex agricultural landscape and explored the associated socioeconomic patterns. We found that areas exceeding expectations for biodiversity and landscape multifunctionality were neither spatially congruent nor in conflict. It was more common for areas to underperform (dark spots) for both biodiversity and multifunctionality than over perform for both (bright spots).

While dark spots for multifunctionality were alike in their ecosystem service composition, bright spots were bright in multiple, diverse ways. The socioeconomic attributes that characterize bright and darks spots included both farm characteristics as well as farming practices, suggesting that both have potential to be levers of change.

Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that while biodiversity and landscape multifunctionality show similar spatial patterns due to underlying biophysical drivers, managing for biodiversity or landscape multifunctionality alone will not implicitly achieve the other in this system. Bright spots (areas exceeding expectations) in multifunctionality were associated with many different combinations of ecosystem services, but dark spots were uniquely agricultural intensive areas devoted to maximizing crop production at the expense of all other services. From a management perspective, specific farm characteristics and farming practices may impact the potential for multifunctionality: increased mechanization, increased agricultural inputs and larger farm size and capital were associated with dark spots, while smaller farms with potentially greater space for innovation were associated with bright spots.
Food security in a sample of clients attending HIV clinics in New South Wales: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Langton Angela , Moxham Rosalind , Hirst Sarah , Houtzager Louise , Coutelas Julie , Rider Amanda , Yusuf Christine
Published: June 2018

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, demographics and location of food insecurity (FI) among people living with HIV at six health sites in Sydney, Australia and to identify the factors relating to FI.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study recruiting people living with HIV receiving HIV care from six sites across the Sydney metropolitan area. The United States Department of Agriculture abbreviated six‐item Subset Food Insecurity Tool was used to assess FI and a demographic questionnaire was completed. Bivariate analysis was conducted to investigate differences between variables. Descriptive and frequency statistics were used to collate the demographic questionnaire and determine the prevalence of FI. All tests performed were two sided with a P‐value of less than 0.05, or 95% confidence interval not overlapping, indicating a statistically significant association.

Results

Of the 162 participants 47% (n = 76) reported FI. The percentage of FI was found to be higher among the females (61%, n = 8 out of 13), unemployed (65%), receiving a government pension (63%), with a lower perceived health status (68%), a lower CD4 T cell count (60%), a detectable or unknown viral load (67%), and missed taking their antiretroviral therapy either in the last week or month (64%). All of the six participants who were Australian Aboriginal were food insecure.

Conclusions

The study finds evidence of associations between FI, employment, lower immune function and poorer health outcomes for people living with HIV in Sydney.
Glucocorticoid‐mediated modulation of morphological changes associated with aging in microglia
Authors: van Olst Lynn , Bielefeld Pascal , Fitzsimons Carlos P. , de Vries Helga E. , Schouten Marijn
Published: June 2018

Microglia dynamically adapt their morphology and function during increasing age. However, the mechanisms behind these changes are to date poorly understood. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are long known and utilized for their immunomodulatory actions and endogenous GC levels are described to alter with advancing age. We here tested the hypothesis that age‐associated elevations in GC levels implicate microglia function and morphology. Our data indicate a decrease in microglial complexity and a concomitant increase in GC levels during aging. Interestingly, enhancing GC levels in young mice enhanced microglial ramifications, while the knockdown of the glucocorticoid receptor expression in old mice aggravated age‐associated microglial amoebification. These data suggest that GCs increase ramification of hippocampal microglia and may modulate age‐associated changes in microglial morphology.
‘Real‐world’ compensatory behaviour with low nicotine concentration e‐liquid: subjective effects and nicotine, acrolein and formaldehyde exposure
Authors: Dawkins Lynne , Cox Sharon , Goniewicz Maciej , McRobbie Hayden , Kimber Catherine , Doig Mira , Kośmider Leon
Published: June 2018

Aims

To compare the effects of (i) high versus low nicotine concentration e‐liquid, (ii) fixed versus adjustable power and (iii) the interaction between the two on: (a) vaping behaviour, (b) subjective effects, (c) nicotine intake and (d) exposure to acrolein and formaldehyde in e‐cigarette users vaping in their everyday setting.

Design

Counterbalanced, repeated measures with four conditions: (i) low nicotine (6 mg/ml)/fixed power; (ii) low nicotine/adjustable power; (iii) high nicotine (18 mg/ml)/fixed power; and (iv) high nicotine/adjustable power.

Setting

London and the South East, England.

Participants

Twenty experienced e‐cigarette users (recruited between September 2016 and February 2017) vaped ad libitum using an eVic Supreme™ with a ‘Nautilus Aspire’ tank over 4 weeks (1 week per condition).

Measurements

Puffing patterns [daily puff number (PN), puff duration (PD), interpuff interval (IPI)], ml of e‐liquid consumed, changes to power (where permitted) and subjective effects (urge to vape, nicotine withdrawal symptoms) were measured in each condition. Nicotine intake was measured via salivary cotinine. 3‐Hydroxypropylmercapturic acid (3‐HPMA), a metabolite of the toxicant acrolein, and formate, a metabolite of the carcinogen formaldehyde, were measured in urine.

Findings

There was a significant nicotine concentration × power interaction for PD (P < 0.01). PD was longer with low nicotine/fixed power compared with (i) high nicotine/fixed power (P < 0.001) and (ii) low nicotine/adjustable power (P < 0.01). PN and liquid consumed were higher in the low versus high nicotine condition (main effect of nicotine, P < 0.05). Urge to vape and withdrawal symptoms were lower, and nicotine intake was higher, in the high nicotine condition (main effects of nicotine: P < 0.01). While acrolein levels did not differ, there was a significant nicotine × power interaction for formaldehyde (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Use of a lower nicotine concentration e‐liquid may be associated with compensatory behaviour (e.g. higher number and duration of puffs) and increases in negative affect, urge to vape and formaldehyde exposure.
Letter: all or nothing—placebo effects in a non‐drug clinical trial in IBS
Authors: Enck P.
Published: June 2018

Linked Content

This article is linked to Schumann et al and Schumann and Cramer papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14400 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14686.
Editorial: Helicobacter pylori resistance and sequential therapy—authors’ reply
Authors: Gatta L. , Scarpignato C.
Published: June 2018

Linked Content

This article is linked to Gatta et al and Siddique and Moss papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14597 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14643.
Letter: all or nothing—placebo effects in a non‐drug clinical trial in IBS. Authors’ reply
Authors: Schumann D. , Cramer H.
Published: June 2018

Linked Content

This article is linked to Schumann et al and Enck papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14400 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14655.
Editorial: an argument for low‐dose thiopurine allopurinol combination use as first‐line therapy in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Ansari A. R. , Aziz A.
Published: June 2018

Linked Content

This article is linked to Friedman et al and Friedman and Sparrow papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14571 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14798.
Editorial: HBsAg serum levels in HBeAg‐negative chronic HBV infection—is it a matter of genotype? Authors’ reply
Authors: Kuhnhenn L. , Jiang B. , Kubesch A. , Zeuzem S. , Sarrazin C. , Hildt E. , Peiffer K.‐H.
Published: June 2018

Linked Content

This article is linked to Kuhnhenn et al and Alexopoulou and Karayiannis papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14636 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14681.
Editorial: transplantation in the setting of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure—calculating chances. Authors’ reply
Authors: Huebener P. , Sterneck M. , Fuhrmann V.
Published: June 2018

Linked Content

This article is linked to Huebener et al and Izzy and Watt papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14627 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14679.
Multi‐sited Himalayan households and the misleading rural–urban dichotomy
Authors: Aase Tor H. , Chapagain Prem , Dangal Hemanta
Published: June 2018

The dichotomous differentiation of people into rural and urban is necessary for the purpose of enumeration, but it is important to acknowledge that the outcome of censuses is shaped by the analytic categories that are applied. Squeezing a complex and fuzzy reality into narrow analytic categories gives a simplified picture of reality that hardly reflects actual events and processes on the micro level. Defining Himalayan rural households as multi‐sited economic units is more in touch with householders’ own perceptions and practices than dividing them into urban and rural units. Urbanisation rates derived from census data may be coherent with the assumption that households are units of domicile, but they do not reflect undercurrents of ongoing settlement processes in a valid manner. The term translocis encompasses all localities where households are active. It softens the stiff dichotomy of rural–urban by directing attention to the ways in which multiple sites and sectors are interwoven in the activities of the world's most basic economic unit – the household.
Materialities and imaginaries of home: Geographies of British returnees in later life
Authors: Walsh Katie
Published: June 2018

This paper explores home materialities and home imaginaries in later life, to provide insight into the dialectical relation between the spatial processes of ageing and migration. The paper draws on empirical research with British return migrants in older age. The analysis purposively selects four participants from among a wider sample of interviewees to highlight some of the diversity among British returnees and their varied experiences of remaking home on return. The paper explores both the privilege and vulnerabilities of all British returnees as the meaning of home transforms in later life.
Studentified areas as contested heterotopias: Findings from Southampton
Authors: Brookfield Katherine
Published: June 2018

The ongoing “massification” of higher education in the UK has generated increased demand for student housing. Some of this demand is being met by new, purpose‐built student accommodation, but much is being met through an intensification of student properties in established “student areas,” and the expansion of student housing into neighbourhoods previously unaffected by high levels of student in‐migration in a process termed “studentification.” Previous research indicates that the arrival of multiple student households in established residential areas creates conflict and adversely affects the non‐student population. Wishing to understand better these effects, this paper draws on focus group discussions completed with 11 diverse residents’ groups based across Southampton, an English university city, which explored attitudes towards, and experiences of, studentification. Seeking a more robust theorisation of the sociospatial impacts of, and responses to, this process, the findings are considered in relation to Foucault's concept of “heterotopia.” Reflecting previous findings, the residents’ groups emerged as firm critics of studentification. Considered against Foucault's concept, it appeared that the “heterotopian” qualities of studentified areas formed the points of most concern. Implications for the future of studentified areas, and for the concept of heterotopia, are explored.
Changes in alpine plant communities under climate change: Dynamics of snow‐meadow vegetation in northern Japan over the last 40 years
Authors: Amagai Yukihiro , Kudo Gaku , Sato Ken
Published: June 2018

Question

Alpine plant communities are often distributed as a mosaic reflecting micro‐scale heterogeneity of environmental conditions, indicating the importance of diverse habitats in maintaining species diversity in alpine ecosystems. Because snow‐meadow vegetation is particularly sensitive to climate change, species composition and community structure may have changed over the last few decades in response to global warming. The aim of the present study is to quantify changes in species diversity and snow‐meadow community composition over the last 40 years.

Location

Taisetsu Mountains, Hokkaido, Japan.

Methods

The presence and ground cover of plant species were surveyed in two snow‐meadow sites in 1971–1972 (44 and 113 plots) and 2012 (85 and 115 plots). In addition, soil moisture and snowmelt time were measured in every plot in 2012. Changes in species richness, functional types and species composition between the survey periods were analysed.

Results

Community structure of snow‐meadow vegetation has changed significantly. Although the total number of species at each site was the same between the survey periods, Shannon's diversity index and species richness per plot have increased. Moreover, similarity in species composition among community types has been enhanced, indicating the mosaic structure of alpine vegetation has become obscure. The relative dominance of forbs (particularly tall herbaceous species) decreased, while that of shrubs increased. The distribution of community types reflected the snowmelt and soil moisture conditions.

Conclusions

Significant changes have occurred in vegetation structure in the alpine snow‐meadows, possibly due to accelerated snow melt and drier soil conditions linked to global warming. To predict the dynamics of alpine vegetation, we need to clarify how micro‐scale heterogeneity of environmental conditions is modified by global change.
A rights‐based proposal for managing faith‐based values and expectations of migrants at end‐of‐life illustrated by an empirical study involving South Asians in the UK
Authors: Samanta Jo , Samanta Ash , Madhloom Omar
Published: June 2018

International migration is an important issue for many high‐income countries and is accompanied by opportunities as well as challenges. South Asians are the largest minority ethnic group in the United Kingdom, and this diaspora is reflective of the growing diversity of British society. An empirical study was performed to ascertain the faith‐based values, beliefs, views and attitudes of participants in relation to their perception of issues pertaining to end‐of‐life care. Empirical observations from this study, as well as the extant knowledge‐base from the literature, are used to support and contextualise our reflections against a socio‐legal backdrop. We argue for accommodation of faith‐based values of migrants at end‐of‐life within normative structures of receiving countries. We posit the ethically relevant principles of inclusiveness, integration and embedment, for an innovative bioethical framework as a vehicle for accommodating faith‐based values and needs of migrants at end‐of‐life. These tenets work conjunctively, as well as individually, in respect of individual care, enabling processes and procedures, and ultimately for formulating policy and strategy.
When is coercive methadone therapy justified?
Authors: D'Hotman Daniel , Pugh Jonathan , Douglas Thomas
Published: June 2018

Heroin use poses a significant health and economic burden to society, and individuals with heroin dependence are responsible for a significant amount of crime. Owing to its efficacy and cost‐effectiveness, methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) is offered as an optional alternative to imprisonment for drug offenders in several jurisdictions. Some object to such ‘MMT offers’ on the basis that they involve coercion and thus invalidate the offender's consent to MMT. While we find these arguments unpersuasive, we do not attempt to build a case against them here. Instead, we explore whether administration of MMT following acceptance of an MMT offer might be permissible even on the assumption that MMT offers are coercive, and in such a way that the resulting MMT is non‐consensual. We argue that non‐consensual MMT following an MMT offer is typically permissible. We first offer empirical evidence to demonstrate the substantial benefits to the offender and society of implementing non‐consensual MMT in the criminal justice system. We then explore and respond to potential objections to such uses of MMT. These appeal respectively to harm, autonomy, bodily and mental interference, and penal theoretic considerations. Finally, we introduce and dismiss a potential response to our argument that takes a revisionist position, rejecting prevailing incarceration practices.
Should consent be required for organ procurement?
Authors: Zambrano Alexander
Published: June 2018

Must we obtain a patient's consent before posthumously removing her organs? According to the consent requirement, in order to permissibly remove organs from a deceased person, it is necessary that her prior consent be obtained. If the consent requirement is true, then this seems to rule out policies that do not seek and obtain a patient's prior consent to organ donation, while at the same time vindicating policies that do seek and obtain patient consent. In this paper, however, I argue that once we recognize the difference between consent, on the one hand, and wishing or desiring, on the other, we will see that obtaining consent before organ removal is neither necessary nor sufficient to respect patient autonomy in organ procurement.
An examination of accuracy and bias in perceptions of a partner's motives for health behaviour regulation
Authors: Berzins Tiffany L. , LaBuda Jessica E. , Gere Judith
Published: June 2018

Objectives

This study assessed accuracy and bias in people's perceptions of their romantic partner's adoption of short‐term (avoid conflict) and long‐term (later health) motives for interpersonally regulating their health behaviours.

Design

A cross‐sectional Web‐based survey of 114 cohabiting romantic couples (N = 228 individuals) living in the United States.

Methods

Romantic partners separately completed measures of their short‐term and long‐term motives for self‐regulation and partner regulation of health behaviours, as well as their perceptions of partner regulation of their own health behaviours. Dyadic path analyses were conducted using the truth and bias model of judgement.

Results

Targets of interpersonal regulation perceived their romantic partner's short‐term and long‐term motives for influencing their (the target's) health behaviour with significant accuracy. However, targets’ perceptions of their partner's motives simultaneously contained about the same amount of projection of the target's own short‐ and long‐term motives for self‐regulation. There was no similarity between the target's motives for self‐regulation and their partner's motives for interpersonal regulation. Targets also tended to underestimate their partner's long‐term motives for interpersonal regulation.

Conclusions

Although people are somewhat accurate in their perceptions of their romantic partner's motives for attempting to influence their health behaviours, their perceptions are also contaminated by biases. This suggests that people's judgements about their partner's motives could be substantially improved.

Statement of contribution

What is known about this subject?

Romantic partners use social influence tactics to improve each other's health behaviours.

People who perceive their partner's influence attempts positively often make healthy changes.

Misperceptions of a partner's motives for influence attempts may have health and relationship implications.

What does this study add?

People are aware of whether partner influence attempts are motivated by convenience or concern.

People also project their own motives for self‐regulating health behaviours onto their partner.
Genetic compensation of RUNX family transcription factors in leukemia
Authors: Kamikubo Yasuhiko
Published: June 2018

Runt (Runt domain)‐related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) is a transcription factor belonging to the core‐binding factor (CBF) family. It is considered to be a master regulator of hematopoiesis and has been regarded as a tumor suppressor because it is essential for definitive hematopoiesis in vertebrates. It is one of the most frequent target genes of chromosomal translocation in leukemia, and germ line mutation of RUNX1 causes familial platelet disorder with associated myeloid malignancies. Somatic cell mutations and chromosomal abnormalities, including those of RUNX1, are observed in myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia at a high frequency. In addition, recent studies reported by us and other groups suggested that WT RUNX1 is needed for survival and proliferation of certain types of leukemia. In this review, we describe the significance and paradoxical requirement of RUNX1 tumor suppressor in hematological malignancies based on recent findings such as “Genetic compensation of RUNX family transcription factors in leukemia,” “RUNX1 inhibition‐induced inhibitory effects on leukemia cells through p53 activation” and our novel promising theory “Cluster regulation of RUNX (CROX)” through the RUNX gene switch method using pyrrole‐imidazole polyamides as a new technique that could contribute to the next generation of leukemia treatment strategies.
Hyrcanian forests—Stable rear‐edge populations harbouring high genetic diversity ofFraxinus excelsior,a common European tree species
Authors: Erichsen Eva Ortvald , Budde Katharina Birgit , Sagheb‐Talebi Khosro , Bagnoli Francesca , Vendramin Giovanni Giuseppe , Hansen Ole Kim
Published: June 2018

Aim

The Hyrcanian forests, in a region of lowland and montane temperate pure and mixed broadleaf forests located in Iran, near the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, form part of the Caucasus biodiversity hotspot. In this region, species experienced suitable and stable environmental conditions over historic periods and even some Arcto‐Tertiary relict species could survive. Although the ranges of several European tree species expand to the Hyrcanian forests, its role has mostly been overlooked in phylogeographic studies so far. Here, we used common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) to study the genetic diversity, population genetic structure and time of divergence between European and Hyrcanian populations.

Location

Six populations from the Hyrcanian forests at the southern shore of the Caspian Sea (Iran) and three selected populations in Europe (Norway, Denmark and Italy).

Method

We amplified four genomic, seven genic and four plastidSSR(simple sequence repeat) markers in 268Fraxinus excelsiorsamples.

Results

In particular,EST‐SSRs (expressed sequence tag–SSRs), that is genic markers, showed significantly higher genetic diversity in the Hyrcanian forests than in European populations. Population divergence between European and Hyrcanian populations dated back to the end of the middle to upper Pleistocene. A recent reduction in population size was detected in all study populations. Within the Hyrcanian region, a substructure was detected at nuclear and plastidSSRs, with a western to central and a smaller eastern subcluster. Two new plastid haplotypes were described in the easternmost Hyrcanian populations.

Main conclusions

Our results confirm that the Hyrcanian forests harbour high genetic diversity that might be of great value for the evolutionary potential ofFraxinus excelsiorcurrently facing global climate change and ash dieback. We argue that the Hyrcanian forests could be an important genetic reservoir also for other European tree species.
Disentangling the correlates of species and site contributions to beta diversity in dung beetle assemblages
Authors: da Silva Pedro Giovâni , Hernández Malva Isabel Medina , Heino Jani
Published: June 2018

Aim

We aimed to test whether contributions of individual species (SCBD) and contributions of single sites (LCBD) to overall beta diversity can be predicted by species metrics and species characteristics and also by community metrics and ecological variables, respectively.

Location

A mainland‐island landscape in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest domain.

Methods

Dung beetles were sampled along 100 sampling units within four large forest fragments. We partitioned beta diversity into SCBD and LCBD aiming to explore their relationships to species and site characteristics, respectively. We then used a combination of multivariate methods and beta regression analyses to examine patterns in SCBD and LCBD. The occupancy, total abundance, niche position, niche breadth and biological traits of species were used as predictor variables for SCBD values. Community metrics, environmental and spatial variables, and temporal patterns in the beta diversity components of turnover and nestedness were used as predictor variables for LCDB values.

Results

We found that SCBD was strongly related to various species characteristics, such as occupancy, abundance and niche position, but was not related to biological traits of species and niche breadth. In particular, occupancy and its quadratic term showed a very strong unimodal relationship with SCBD, suggesting that intermediate species in terms of site occupancy contribute most to beta diversity. LCBD was mostly explained by variation in species richness, with a negative relationship being detected. Litter height and large‐scale spatial variables were also important in explaining variation in LCBD.

Main conclusions

SCBD and LCBD were highly predictably related to species occupancy and species richness, respectively. Environmental conditions and large‐scale spatial variables also correlated with LCBD values. Understanding the determinants of SCBD and LCBD may thus hold a key to various general ecological, bioassessment and conservation issues. Protecting sites with high LCBD values may be a suitable approach to practical biodiversity conservation.
Pathophysiology of chronic pain in cerebral palsy: implications for pharmacological treatment and research
Authors: Blackman James A , Svensson Camilla I , Marchand Serge
Published: June 2018

The high prevalence of chronic pain in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) across the lifespan has been well documented, as has its negative impact on quality of life. However, without an understanding of the underlying (possibly unique) pathophysiology of pain in CP, identification of more effective management options, such as innovative and individualized pharmacological approaches to non‐opioid pain treatment, will be significantly hindered. We review, briefly, what is known about chronic pain in CP and present what we need to know with respect to the neurobiology of pain and new developments in pain treatment research that might be applied to CP.

What this paper adds

Pain conditions in cerebral palsy have differing mechanisms and will not respond to the same treatments.

Novel analgesics under development include inhibitors of ion channels, nerve growth factor, and calcitonin gene‐related peptide.
The attitude of healthcare professionals plays an important role in the uptake of diabetes self‐management education: analysis of the Barriers to Uptake of Type 1 Diabetes Education (BUD1E) study survey
Authors: Harris S. M. , Joyce H. , Miller A. , Connor C. , Amiel S. A. , Mulnier H.
Published: June 2018

Aim

To explore reasons for the poor uptake of accredited diabetes self‐management education (DSME) in adults with Type 1 diabetes.

Methods

The study was set in an urban population in South London, UK. A cross sectional survey gathered demographic, diabetes service‐use data, psychological scores and reasons for non‐attendance at locally‐available DSME. In addition, 56 healthcare professionals were surveyed.

Results

Responses to surveys were returned by 496 adults with Type 1 diabetes (33% response rate), of whom 263 had attended DSME (53%). Multivariable analysis adjusted for significant variables identified four key variables influencing attendance. Non‐attendance was associated with men (OR 0.55 CI 0.37‐0.84, p = 0.005), lower educational attainment (OR 0.45 CI 0.28‐0.73, p = 0.001), higher glycated haemoglobin (OR 1.74 CI 1.03‐2.94, p = 0.04) and healthcare professional encouragement to attend (OR 1.7 CI 1.28‐2.3, p = 0.001). The most frequently reported barriers to attendance were work (37%) and time (14%) commitments. Only 49% of healthcare professionals (HCPs) correctly identified the most likely barriers. Those HCPs who had observed courses believed more in their efficacy, with higher uptake within their clinic population.

Conclusions

Social determinants of health, particularly educational attainment and gender, increase health inequalities by influencing decisions to attend evidence‐based education courses. Healthcare professional communication is paramount to encourage attendance, and observation of a course may facilitate this.
Survey of the European Psychiatric Association on the European status and perspectives in early detection and intervention in at‐risk mental state and first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Maric Nadja P. , Petrovic Sanja Andric , Raballo Andrea , Rojnic‐Kuzman Martina , Klosterkötter Joachim , Riecher‐Rössler Anita
Published: June 2018

Aim

Early detection/early intervention (ED/EI) programmes have been inconsistently implemented throughout Europe. We evaluated the ED/EI service distribution in European Psychiatric Association (EPA) member countries, considering indicators of socio‐economic development, human and financial resources allocated in mental health (MH) as well as presence of a national branch of the Early Intervention in MH (IEPA). Contextually, we evaluated the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) in relation to ED/EI service implementation.

Methods

EPA section “Prevention of Mental Disorders” conducted the cross‐sectional survey administering the 16‐item questionnaire to the representatives of its National Psychiatric Associations (NPAs). The survey addressed the Service status and profile, national guidelines, education and policy, DUP and IEPA national branch status. The data were analysed in relation to the indices of economic parameters and MH resources.

Results

Neither the national economic parameters, nor indices of MH financial resources were significantly associated with variables related to ED/EI implementation. However, more MH human resources per country were associated with shorter DUP. In comparison to countries without a national branch of IEPA, all of these with the branch had more MH human resources, ED/EI chapters in the national guidelines and services involving both adolescents and adults.

Conclusions

An unequal development of ED/EI services and related academic activities appears throughout Europe. The current results, besides providing a useful starting point to set the agenda for harmonizing ED/EI services, reveal that their implementation was more likely to be influenced by the IEPA membership status, rather than by country‐specific financial and human resources allocated to MH.