bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Determination Method of Resilience Modulus of Asphalt Pavement Structure Subgrade
Authors: Li Haisheng , Teng Jianjun , Wu Wenjuan , Ma Ya , Ma Shijie , Shi Nan , Wei Jincheng
Published: December 2024

Subgrade is an important component of pavement structure system, and subgrade resilience modulus is an important mechanical parameter to characterize the deformation resistance of subgrade and pavement structure design. Through FWD bending detection of different pavement structures of solid engineering, this paper studies the state distribution of compressive stress on the top surface of subgrade soil under the action of FWD load (Subgrade top and improve soil bottom) was studied in this paper. Reverse calculation of subgrade modulus under different working conditions was conducted. The relationship between subgrade top compressive stress and reverse calculation modulus and the reasonable range of calculation correction coefficient of test data of different structural test roads were analyzed. The results show that the soil subgrade model exhibits nonlinear characteristics, and the modulus of the subgrade increases with the distance of the sensor from the load center. With the increase of structural layer on subgrade, the inverse modulus of subgrade increases. The basic modulus of soil with different structures has the same change trend with the seasons, the basic modulus of soil increases in autumn and winter and decreases in spring and summer. The compressive stress generated by FWD at the top of subgrade decreases. The modulus correction coefficient of subgrade decreases with the increase of structural layer thickness, and C = 0.5493λ + 0.4556 is constructed, which proves that the model is suitable for any pavement structure.
Emergency Response Methods for Hazardous Chemical Pollution in Expressway Water Source Area
Authors: Lu Xin , Li Xiaogang , Liu Weigang , Lian Chenyi
Published: December 2024

The construction of expressway in the water source area will bring certain potential risks to the protection of the water source area. Especially with a large number of hazardous chemical vehicles passing through this section every day, any leakage is likely to cause water source pollution. Therefore, this study proposes an emergency response method for hazardous chemical pollution in expressway water source area. Firstly, taking Shaanxi as an example, a geographical distribution map of expressway water source area in Shaanxi Province was drawn to fully understand the distribution of water source areas on municipal expressway and ensure that emergency response can be taken quickly in case of pollution; Then, based on the causes of hazardous chemical leakage incidents on expressway and the characteristics of road runoff pollution, an emergency response method and safety assurance engineering system for hazardous chemical pollution in expressway water source area were proposed. It has high reference significance for future domestic engineering construction.
Evaluation of the Carrying Capacity of Traffic Environment Based on Extension Controlled Matter-Element Models
Authors: Sun Yanming , Liu Fenglian , Chen Chenjuan , Zhang Guangzhen , Jiao Ziwei
Published: December 2024

With the rapid development of cities, urban transportation has been swift growth, yet the quality of the urban transportation environment has seriously declined. According to the requirements of sustainable development of urban transportation, the traffic environmental carrying capacity (TECC) is taken as a quantitative indicator to measure the sustainable development of urban transportation. In this paper, an appropriate evaluation indicator system is established from the aspects of traffic environmental resource carrying capacity and traffic environmental pollution carrying capacity. It combines the extensible model and the entropy weighting method (EWM) to construct a comprehensive evaluation model for traffic environmental carrying capacity, achieving a thorough evaluation of the level of traffic environmental carrying capacity. Finally, taking Qingdao as an example, this paper evaluates the level of urban traffic environmental carrying capacity from 2013 to 2022, and puts forward suggestions on the management of sustainable transportation development in Qingdao based on the evaluation results and traffic status, providing the scientific basis for realizing sustainable development of urban transportation.
Research on the Layout of Cross-Sectional Design of Existing Expressway Subgrades with Hard Shoulder Running
Authors: Liu Han , Zhang Huifeng , Zhao Xin , Sun Wenpeng , Zhang He , Li Wangwang
Published: December 2024

Hard shoulder running (HRS) is one of the effective solutions to alleviate traffic congestion and improve highway capacity. This paper studies the minimum widths of travel lanes, median divider, and hard shoulder with HRS, as well as the upgrade scheme for median divider barrier and optimization scheme for lane and hard shoulder width. Based on a project with 3 m median divider and 3.5 m hard shoulder, this paper explores the optimal renovation scheme for median barrier and the optimal width of other cross-sectional design elements with HRS. Upgraded the median W-beam barrier to integral concrete barrier provides superior right-side lateral clearance width compared to upgrading it to either SBm-W-beam barrier or separate concrete barrier, making it more conducive to hard shoulder running. However, the integral concrete barrier eliminates green space within the median separator, resulting in a lower aesthetic appeal compared to the SBm-W-beam barrier and the separate concrete barrier. And this paper hypothesizes that the reconstruction and expansion scheme involves widening both sides of the existing project, the cost associated with renovating median divider barriers and adjusting the widths of cross-sectional design elements is significantly lower than that of expressway reconstruction and expansion scheme.
Study on the Preparation and Properties of Nano-TiO2 Emulsified Asphalt
Authors: Li Tengfei , Meng Weikun , Bi Fei , Lin Jiangtao , Han Shulong , Wu Wenxin , Yue Hao
Published: December 2024

With ongoing advancements in nano-material modification technology, the application of novel nano-materials in emulsified asphalt modification is anticipated to significantly enhance its road performance. This study focuses on the preparation of emulsified asphalt using selected emulsifiers and processing techniques, investigating the impact of nano-TiO2 particles on its performance characteristics. The inclusion of nano-TiO2 is found to improve the consistency and viscosity of the emulsion system, reduce normal force, and increase the Superpave Performance Grade (SPG) at high temperatures. Specifically, the high-temperature grade of emulsified asphalt residue increases, achieving 70°C within the 0–3% dosage range and up to 73°C at a 3% dosage. However, at higher concentrations, nano-TiO2 can compromise storage stability, leading to potential issues in practical applications. To mitigate the risk of storage instability and premature demulsification, it is recommended that the nano-TiO2 content should not exceed 2%. This research provides crucial insights into optimizing the formulation of nano-modified emulsified asphalt for improved durability and performance.
Safe Judgment of Forepoling Bolt in Surrounding Fractured Rock of Ramp 230 of a Certain Project
Authors: Zhou Qiao
Published: December 2024

It’s difficult to cut and support in fracture zone, usually, the forepoling bolt, an auxiliary method is used. However, there are many influencing factors on underground engineering safety, and the safety analysis and evaluation need consider the synthetic effect of many factors. In this article, the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is used to choose the weight coefficient and study the system of fuzzy synthetic judgment between forepoling bolting and fractured surrounding rock, where the construction of Ramp 230 of a certain project is taken as a engineering practical example. Based on relevant national regulations and standards, and referring to the experience of a large number of experts at home and abroad, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on forepoling bolt reinforcement system for the surrounding rock of the fractured zone project. During the actual construction process of advanced anchor rod reinforcement in the 230 slope crushing zone of the project, the subsidence of the top plate was 0.15 m, and there was no occurrence of roof falling or collapse, thus ensuring the normal operation of workers and improving the construction speed.
Influence of the Insertion Depth of Gravity Heat Pipe for the Spontaneous Combustion Temperature Field of Coal Pile
Authors: Zhao Yifan , Wang Jianguo
Published: December 2024

In order to study the effect of the depth of gravity heat pipe inserted into the coal pile on the temperature field of spontaneous combustion of the coal pile, based on the high thermal conductivity of the heat pipe phase transition and the theoretical analysis of the heat dissipation of the coal pile, COMSOL numerical simulation software is used to establish three different depths of the coal pile-gravity heat pipe heat transfer and cooling finite element model, to analyze the effect of the depth of insertion of the gravity heat pipe on the spontaneous combustion of high temperature region of the coal pile and the influence of the effect of the temperature field on the coal pile. The results show that: As the depth of the gravity heat pipe inserted into the coal pile increased, the range of the high temperature region of spontaneous combustion in the coal pile decreased overall, and the maximum temperature point inside the coal pile decreased; The increased insertion depth of the gravity heat pipe resulted in a more uniform distribution of the coal pile temperature field, evolving from a single high-temperature region to multiple localized low-temperature regions; The closer the gravity heat pipe is to the heat source of the coal pile, the better the cooling effect is, and when the distance between the bottom of the heat pipe and the bottom of the coal pile is 0 m, its cooling effect is optimal.
Statistical Analysis of the Less-Manned Operating Robots for a Coal Mine
Authors: Hou Weihong , Zhang Lei
Published: December 2024

Under the social background of digitalization and intelligent development, my country’s coal mining is rapidly moving from mechanization and automation to intelligence. The development goal of intelligent and less-manned coal mines has become an industry consensus. The less-manned coal mine first realized the less-manned and unmanned fully mechanized mining technology, and led to a significant increase in the intelligence of supporting excavation, support, transportation and other production processes. Among them, the maximum monthly footage of rapid excavation has exceeded 3,000 m. In order to adapt to the needs of less-manned and intelligent mines, underground production preparation and production services in coal mines need to be equipped with various auxiliary operating machinery and equipment for coal mining and excavation to ensure smooth production continuation. Currently, among the 2.3 million coal mining workers in the country, more than 60% work in dangerous and physically demanding positions such as coal mining, tunnel excavation, transportation, and safety control. The coal mining industry is currently the most urgently in need of robot replacements in high-risk industries.
Dynamic Evolution Law and Prevention of Spontaneous Combustion “Three Zones” in Compound Goaf of Shallow Coal Seam
Authors: Wang Jianguo , Luo Shilong , Zhang Chaopeng
Published: December 2024

In order to study the dynamic evolution of the “three zones” of spontaneous combustion and the distribution characteristics of oxygen concentration under different advancing distances in the compound goaf of shallow coal seam, through the field measurement of oxygen concentration in the goaf and the analysis of the development law and air leakage mechanism of the overlying rock fractures in the goaf, the calculation model of the compound goaf of shallow coal seam was established by using fluent simulation software. The depth, width, and dynamic evolution of the oxidation zone and oxygen concentration were obtained as the advancing distance increased in the lower and upper goaf, respectively. The results indicate that: in the secondary mining stage, with the increase of the advance distance, the oxidation zones on both sides of the overlying goaf and the lower goaf gradually extend backward, and finally form a “high on both sides, low in the middle” oxygen concentration distribution pattern within 100 m to 500 m of the goaf. At the same position, the width of the oxidation zone in the overlying goaf is less than that in the lower goaf, and the risk of spontaneous combustion is less than that in the lower goaf. After the advancing distance is greater than 100 m, the width of the oxidation zone at the air inlet side of the overlying goaf decreases with the increasing of the advancing distance, and the width of the oxidation zone at the air return side increases, and the width of the oxidation zone at both sides finally tends to be the same, The width of oxidation zone on both sides of the lower goaf increases first and then decreases with the increase of distance. The research results indicate that the evolution law of “three zones” of spontaneous combustion in the composite goaf during the mining process of shallow buried coal seams, and provide reference for preventing and controlling the spontaneous combustion caused by air leakage in the composite goaf in shallow buried depth.
Research on Fatigue Identification of Support Workers Based on Fatigue-Induced Experiments
Authors: Tu Peng , Tian Shuicheng
Published: December 2024

In order to detect the fatigue state of support workers in time and prevent coal mine accidents. In this paper, the monotonous repetitive key pressing behavior after the increase of long-term running exercise load was used to simulate the physical fatigue and partial mental fatigue of support workers. RPE scale and heart rate were used to record fatigue induced in real time, Oddball paradigm was used to record the participants’ behavioral data indicators, and EEG devices were used to synchronously record the changes of the participants’ EEG signals. The changes of EEG signals and behavioral data of support workers before and after induced fatigue were analyzed. The data collected in the process of inducing fatigue were used to complete the fatigue classification of support workers, and the random forest method was used to establish a fatigue identification model of support workers. The results showed that the RPE score and heart rate of the subjects increased significantly during the fatigue-induced process. The average response time, error rate, and number of omissions increased. δ waves were significantly decreased in the temporal region where the F7, FT7, T7, and TP7 channels were located, theta waves were significantly increased in the temporal region where the F7 and P6 channels were located, α waves were increased in the whole brain, and β waves were significantly decreased in the frontal region of the brain where the FPZ, AF3, and F1 channels were located. There are three levels of fatigue for support workers: normal working state, moderate fatigue state, and severe fatigue state. The accuracy rate of the random forest method to establish the fatigue identification model of support workers is 81.82%.
Air Distribution Device with Collision of Oncoming Compact Air Streams
Authors: Voznyak Orest , Savchenko Olena , Dovbush Oleksandr , Sukholova Iryna , Kasynets Mariana
Published: December 2024

In the work results of the experimental research of air distribution in a room by air distributor with collision of oncoming compact air flows that creates turbulizated air stream and also dynamic indoor climate in the room are indicated. To conduct the experiments, a planning matrix of the fractional factorial experiment was drawn up. A 4-factor nomogram was constructed and analytical equations were obtained for calculating the speed and temperature characteristics of the resulting air flow. The results of this research make it possible to calculate the parameters of the resulting air flow, formed as a result of the collision of oncoming compact air streams for creating a dynamic indoor climate in a room. The obtained results proved that it is necessary to apply a zone at a greater distance from the inflow nozzles to the serviced area and at a greater distance between their axes, and the ratio of air flows when they collide should be reduced.
Applications of Composite Microfluidic Systems and Micro Total Analysis Systems (µTAS) for Monitoring the State of Natural Soils, Swamps or Wetlands: Biodegradable Polymers of the µTAS Chip Moldings as Sensor Layers for Weathering Estimations
Authors: Gradov Oleg V. , Gradova Margaret A. , Maklakova Irina A. , Popov Anatoly A. , Varian Ivetta
Published: December 2024

The ability to model / monitor biodegradation processes is vital for predicting the lifespan and environmental impact of biodegradable materials used in civil engineering applications. Digital analogs of Cholodny chambers and burried slides can be equipped with sensors to monitor changes in physical and chemical properties of the soil and materials over time (for example – lens-less optical sensors with multiphysical converters of non-optical signals into optical ones). This data can be used to develop predictive models that account for varying soil conditions, microbial populations, and material compositions. Such models can aid engineers in selecting appropriate materials for specific applications (for example – for long-term hydraulic expositions in contact with oceanic or freshwater plastisphere), ensuring that they meet both performance and environmental criteria. The surface characteristics of biodegradable composites significantly influence their interaction with soil microorganisms. By employing SEM and 2D FFT methods, researchers can gather valuable data on the mechanisms of biodegradation, including microbial colonization, enzymatic activity, and chemical breakdown processes. The usage of biodegradable and soil-modifiable composite buried slides and soil chambers allows for detailed examination of surface degradation, which are critical for understanding how materials will perform in real-world applications. By analyzing surface erosion, microbial biofilm formation, and chemical weathering, researchers can identify optimal formulations for biodegradable polymer composites that enhance their performance while minimizing ecological / toxicological impact. Consequently biodegradable and soil-modifiable polymer composite buried slides and soil chambers facilitate multiphysical predictive analysis of biodegradable polymeric composite materials, enabling engineers to make informed decisions regarding sustainable practices in eco-friendly civil and hydraulic engineering.
Sand Wind Erosion Reduction Using Biopolymer-Enhanced EICPT Technique
Authors: Bhadauria P. K. S. , Sagane S. C. , Nistane H. P. , Gohatre V. S. , Harle Shrikant M.
Published: December 2024

This work investigates the use of sodium alginate (SAG), a biopolymer produced from brown seaweed, to improve enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICPT) and stabilize An Nafud desert sand in order to counteract wind erosion. SAG and EICPT were mixed together for surface treatments. SAG is well-known for its affordability and extensive application as a thickener and emulsifier in a variety of industries. Sand samples treated with varying doses of SAG and EICPT were tested in wind tunnels to determine their rates of erosion. A hand penetrometer was used to assess the unconfined strength of the treated sand. When compared to untreated samples, the results showed a 100% decrease in erosion rates, especially at lower concentrations of SAG. The main cause of this improvement is the biopolymer and carbonate precipitant’s improved inter-particle bonding. Higher biopolymer concentrations led to a rise in the treated sand’s unconfined strength, which was explained by the solution’s decreased viscosity and the biopolymer’s cross-linking with calcium ions. Higher calcium chloride concentrations had no discernible impact on the strength of the EICPT-treated samples lacking SAG.
Two-Dimensional Black Phosphorus: Preparation, Properties, and Environmental Applications in Water Treatment
Authors: Hussain Ahlam K. , Hussain Rana K. , Kadhom Mohammed , Yousif Emad
Published: December 2024

This work examines the diverse properties and environmental applications of two-dimensional black phosphorus (BP), a promising nanomaterial noted for its remarkable mechanical, thermal, electrical, and optical characteristics. We elucidate multiple preparation methods, encompassing both top-down and bottom-up approaches, emphasizing the importance of synthesis techniques in augmenting BP’s functionality. The distinctive puckered crystal architecture of BP enables the formation of heterostructures that display unique properties, essential for applications in water treatment and sensing. Our research also highlights the significant anisotropic optical, mechanical, and electrical characteristics of BP, rendering it a compelling candidate for electrochemical energy storage and water purification applications. For the water treatment applications, we examine the effectiveness of BP in membrane-based processes, where its integration into membranes improves pollutant rejection and antibacterial characteristics. Furthermore, we introduce advanced point-of-use disinfection systems employing BP nanosheets, showcasing their efficacy in eradicating microbial contaminants. Other applications include BP’s utilization in sensing technologies, specifically its capacity to identify hazardous gases and organic pollutants via improved adsorption mechanisms.
River Water Quality Modeling Using Automated QUAL2Kw
Authors: Mulla Najamussahar H , Krishna B. M. , Kumar B. Manoj , Arunkumar K. , Lahori Mudassira Tahneet B.
Published: December 2024

River Kabini is a vital source of water for domestic, agricultural and industrial purposes for the local population. It is being polluted by various point and non-point source of pollution, which has resulted in decrease in its dissolved oxygen concentration. In this paper, a river water quality assessment model Qual2Kw was applied to predict the effects of these sources on the water quality of River Kabini. The model accurately simulated the field data. Analyzing the sensitivity of the model, we found that its performance was highly sensitive to reaeration rate, point source flow, total nitrogen and headwater flow and moderate to channel slope, bottom width and point source total phosphorus. The QUAL2Kw was also applied to determine water quality control strategies to meet the minimum water quality criteria. The simulations were made to investigate how changes in point loads, shade and temperature would affect water quality. The minimum dissolved oxygen concentration of 4 mg/L was achieved with 30 and 20 mg/L ultimate biological oxygen demand and 17 mg/L total nitrogen limits at point sources. The results of the model run showed that the minimum water quality criteria can be achieved by pollution load modification, increased shade and reduction in temperature.
Numerical Simulation of Extreme Precipitation in Beijing
Authors: Luo Zhuoran , Li Jingzheng , Zhou Xiaojie
Published: December 2024

The numerical simulation of urban extreme precipitation is a hot spot direction in urban hydrology. To more accurately reproduce the spatial and temporal distribution process of precipitation in Beijing, this study coupled the urban canopy model (UCM) and WRF model to conduct numerical simulation of the spatial distribution of precipitation in Beijing during typical periods in 2020. The results show that the precipitation in most areas of the northwest of Beijing is less than 40 mm, while the precipitation in the eastern, southern and central areas is more than 60 mm. Compared with NON scheme, the precipitation of UCM scheme in urban areas is increased by 10–20 mm. The increase of specific humidity and temperature of air promotes the increase of precipitation. The coupling simulation of UCM and WRF makes the model more comprehensive description of urban extreme precipitation process.
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Pre-Selection of 220 kV Submarine Cable Routing in Offshore Wind Farms
Authors: Chen Jing , Li Zhengyuan , Lin Fan , Zhou Puzhi , Peng Cong
Published: December 2024

In recent years, offshore wind farms have developed rapidly in our country. The route selection of 220 kv submarine transmission cable from offshore wind farm booster station to onshore centralized control center is an important link in the construction of wind farms. The routing choice is influenced by many factors such as natural environment and ocean exploitation, especially by fishery and marine traffic. How to select the safe, economical and convenient cable route in the pre-selection stage needs to consider all kinds of factors that affect the cable route, in addition, the site layout of offshore wind farms, the planning of submarine cable corridors and the requirements of marine ecological use should be considered. Through the analysis of the natural environment conditions, the conditions of ocean development activities and the regulations of the administrative department, the process of 220 kv submarine transmission cable route selection for offshore wind farm is expounded.
Numerical Investigation on Heat Transfer Mechanism and Structure Optimization of Hydraulic Turbine Bearing Heat Exchanger
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Chenhao , Luo Jungang , Liu Jiahua , Chen Zhenyu
Published: December 2024

The turbine bearing heat exchanger is a crucial heat exchange equipment for units, its performance has a direct impact on the safe and stable operation. This study focuses on the turbine bearing heat exchanger and utilizes numerical simulation methods to optimize the heat exchanger tube design. The results show that the cooling water flow rate of the turbine cooler shell-side has a significant impact on the oil temperature reduction. By modifying the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger tube, the flow in the shell-side of the heat exchanger is made smoother, resulting in a 7.7% improvement in heat transfer performance under the same pressure conditions. The modified heat exchanger exhibits a more uniform flow distribution, with each heat exchange tube experiencing a consistent inlet velocity. This feature facilitates the balance of heat exchange across different tubes and enhances the service life of the heat exchanger. The research results have important guiding significance for the design and selection of bearing heat exchanger for hydro turbines.
Character of the Destruction Pipe During Polygon Pneumatic Tests
Authors: Gots Volodymyr , Makarenko Valeriy , Berdnyk Oksana
Published: December 2024

It was established that the plastic deformation of the thickness reduction of the rupture edges for economically modified steel 06G2AB is 12–20%. The change in the deformation of the thinning of the pipe walls and the width of the plastic deformation zone from the speed of viscous failure in a pipe with a diameter of 800 mm was experimentally determined. In the process of researching the propagation of fractures as a result of pneumatic tests of pipes at the test site, the width of the plastic zone and the speed of crack propagation were determined, as well as the fibrous component in the cross section of the pipe wall and the value of the Sharpe impact viscosity, which deepen our understanding of the kinetics of the destruction of gas pipelines during long-term operation in real load conditions. It is known [1–5] that in recent years the productivity and length of the constructed pipelines have continuously increased, the diameter of the pipes and the working pressure have increased.
An Investigation into the Load Distribution Analysis Method for Metal-Composite Hybrid Doubler Configurations
Authors: Liu Haolong , Hu Fangzong , Sun Qingping , Liu Yue , Wei Jingchao
Published: December 2024

The present paper introduces an innovative nonlinear load distribution analytical method specifically developed for metal-composite hybrid doubler (hard-point) structures with clearance fit. Compared with the conventional linear spring-based load-share analytical model, the proposed method defines distinct phases for bolts under different levels of load and incorporates a step-by-step loading algorithm to accurately capture the complex behavior of fasteners throughout the entire loading process. This approach takes into account factors such as frictional load transfer of fasteners, fastener slippage resulting from pin-hole clearance, as well as local thermal loads caused by differences in thermal expansion coefficients between metal and composite materials. Additionally, a comparative analysis of fastener loads was performed on a typical symmetric double-lap metal-composite hybrid doubler specimen using both the proposed approach and finite element analysis (FEA) method. The results demonstrate that the proposed analytical method yields similar outcomes to FEA while significantly enhancing analysis efficiency, thus offering promising prospects for industrial applications.
Effects of Albic Soil Improvement on Seed Pumpkin Yield and Soil Physical Properties
Authors: Meng Qingying , Wang Qiuju , Zhu Baoguo , Zhang Chunfeng , Qiu Lei , Li Jingyang , Zou Jiahe , Liu Xin
Published: December 2024

Exploring the effects of Albic soil mechanical improvement by mixing the sediment layer with the albic layer on soil physical properties and seed pumpkin yield, providing a basis for Albic soil improvement and seed pumpkin yield increase in Heilongjiang Province. A three-stage subsoil mixing plough was used to mix the sediment layer with the albic layer of Albic soil conducted as a large plot test in the autumn of 2022. Conventional subsoiling was set as the control. In the autumn of 2023, soil physical properties were measured. Compared with the conventional subsoiling treatment, the albic layer’s solid phase ratio decreased significantly by 5.07%, and the soil gas phase ratio increased significantly by 173.91%. The total porosity of the albic layer increased to 45.67% after soil improvement. The hardness of the albic layer after soil improvement also decreased. Compared with the conventional subsoiling treatment, the water stable large aggregates proportion (R > 0.25) in the albic layer significantly increased by 17.32%, and the MWD and GMD values also increased. Compared with the conventional subsoiling treatment, the seed pumpkin yield increased by 29.73%, and the rotten melon rate significantly decreased. Soil improvement by mixing the sediment layer with the albic layer improves the physical properties of the albic layer effectively, promotes the seed pumpkin quality and increases the yield by 29.73%. The seed pumpkin yield was significantly negatively correlated with the solid phase ratio and soil bulk density of the albic layer (P < 0.05), and was significantly positively correlated (P < 0.05) with the field water capacity and the large soil water stable aggregate number.
Effects of Different Spring Wheat Varieties on Soil Microbial Community Structure
Authors: Shi Gongfu , Fang Jing , Wei Shuli , Cheng Yuchen , Zhang Xiangqian , Wang Jianguo , An Yu , Zhao Xiaoqing , Lu Zhanyuan
Published: December 2024

The construction of a microbiome community is determined by many factors, including soil type, soil nutrient status and plant genetic diversity. In addition to providing different niches for soil microorganisms, host plants will choose to prefer soil microorganisms because of their specific nutrient needs and growth and metabolism habits. To explore the characteristics of soil microbial changes of different spring wheat varieties, we analyzed the core microbial functional groups of spring wheat soil and clarified the effects of different spring wheat varieties on soil microbial community structure. In this paper, the changes of soil microbial community at flowering stage were studied under three sowing treatments: single sowing of spring wheat varieties LM36 and YL4 and mixed sowing of spring wheat varieties VM. The results show that: There were no significant differences in soil bacterial richness and diversity among the three seeding treatments, while VM mixed seeding treatment significantly increased soil fungal diversity (P < 0.05); Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria are the dominant bacteria in soil, which contain a large number of functional groups related to soil carbon and nitrogen cycling; Ascomycota, Chytridiomycota and Basidiomycota are the dominant phylum of soil fungi, mostly comprising Pathotroph, Saprotroph and Pathotroph-Saprotroph-Symbiotroph groups; Compared with a single variety, the mixed sowing of VM two varieties can affect the circulation of soil elements and the ability to resist external environmental interference by increasing the relative abundance of bacterial groups such as soil Monographella, Gibberella and Microdochium and enriching soil mixed trophic fungal groups.
Optimization Analysis of Escalator Evacuation Model of Dayanta Subway Station Based on Anylogic
Authors: Wang Jianguo , Luo Shilong , Jin Xiaoju , Liu Xin
Published: December 2024

In order to improve the efficiency of the emergency evacuation of passengers in the subway station, we simulate the evacuation of passengers at the escalator in the Xi’an DAYANTA subway station, analyze the bottleneck problem of evacuation at the escalator in the subway station in terms of evacuation time and crowd density, optimize it, and find the best optimization scheme. The results show that: the evacuation time is 297 s when the up escalator goes up and the down escalator is paused; the evacuation efficiency is improved by 12.5% by adopting the optimized scheme of escalator configuration combination; During the early stage of evacuation (0 s–50 s), the number of people in the subway station decreased significantly. During the period of 50 s–150 s, the number of people in the station decreased slowly, and the increase of the number of people evacuated gradually became slow; After 150 s, the number of people in the station and the number of evacuees tended to stabilize, and the final evacuation time was 260 s. The combination of the escalator configuration optimization scheme can effectively improve the evacuation efficiency and achieve the optimization purpose, and the research results can provide reference for the emergency evacuation of passengers in subway stations.
Review and Perspective on Intermediate Depth Disposal of Radioactive Solid Waste in China
Authors: Xia Jiaguo , Wang Xin , Wang Xuhong , Lyu Tao , Li Xingyu , Li Chang , Chang Xinpan , Chen Xingzi
Published: December 2024

This article provides an overview of the research and development status of medium-depth disposal in selected foreign countries and summarizes the research progress in China’s medium-depth disposal. Medium depth disposal of radioactive solid waste is the systematic project, and the technique of it is complex, and the influencing factors are various. This article summarizes the status of Medium depth disposals in Sweden, Finland, and Korea. The research status of Medium depth disposal in CHINA, containing the source term, concept study and technological process, and safety case, is put forward. The urgent scientific and technological problems of Medium depth disposal in CHINA, including the source term, site survey, key technologies of overall design, safety case, and standard system, are proposed. This article aims to arouse people to pay a full attention on the research and development of Medium depth disposal, and the study could provide technical reference and suggestions to the follow-up research on Medium depth disposal.
Research on Moving Target Positioning and Monitoring Method in Port Area Based on Machine Vision
Authors: Wang Junwen , Cai Jinyi , Li Guangyu
Published: December 2024

The port area is the assembly point and hub of water and land transportation. Due to the large number of large-scale machinery and equipment in the port area, many restricted areas are set up on site, and there are potential safety hazards for people standing for a long time or moving near the restricted areas. In order to ensure that managers can promptly grasp whether people, vehicles and equipment in key areas of the site enter the restricted areas, it is necessary to use corresponding positioning technology to locate targets. At present, there are many positioning terminals in the market, which are convenient for managers to manage positioning. However, there are some phenomena such as accidental loss, everywhere placement, invalid feeding, and occlusion of positioning signals in the process of use, which makes it impossible to locate and monitor the target position. With the continuous development of machine vision technology capabilities and the continuous implementation in many industries, machine vision technology has also become an important supporting technology for moving target recognition. This paper proposes a technology path for locating and monitoring moving targets in port areas based on machine vision. Vision technology detects and ranges targets in on-site video surveillance scenes, maps the location coordinates of the detected targets to the electronic map of the port area, and determines the geographical location of the detected targets in the port area, so as to realize the locating and monitoring of moving targets in the port area and improve the safety management level and intelligence of the port area.
Modeling Train Accidents and Incidents Based on Zero-Inflated Poisson Method
Authors: Prasetijo Joewono , Rifai Andri Irfan , Ismail Shamsullarifin , Azahari Muhammad Aizuddin , Isradi Muhammad , Arifianto Teguh
Published: December 2024

Trains are a popular mode of transportation in Indonesia. People from higher and lower socioeconomic brackets are increasing interest in the industry as it gets more well-known. Some safety equipment is available, but mishaps can still occur. People attempting to determine where a problem originated often use such as the Ishikawa model for assistance. The Poisson model is well-suited for crash simulation, and this work provides a valuable method for doing so. A root cause analysis allows for identifying and eliminating the accident’s most significant contributing factors. From 1999 to 2014, data was gathered through a variety of intermediaries. According to Ishikawa’s research, ten primary factors influence the frequency of accidents. There are issues with the route, the train, the signals, the upkeep, the communication, the processes, the personnel, the climate, and the machinery. Next, we use the Dispersion and Vuong tests to see which of the regression models provides the most accurate forecasts. Using the Vuong test, the Zero-inflated model has the best predictive power for accidents and events, with p-values of 0.19695481, 0.1301056, and 0.0689108. Train derailments, collisions, and SPAD are the most common causes of accidents.
Road Accidents in Poland in the Context of Selected Factors and Dynamic Development of Motorization
Authors: Borucka Anna , Sobczuk Sebastian , Sobecki Grzegorz
Published: December 2024

The increase in mobility in Poland is one of the most visible manifestations of the country’s dynamic socio-economic development since joining the European Union in 2004. This phenomenon reflects both technological advances and the changing needs and expectations of citizens. The increasing number of vehicles, and thus traffic participants, poses numerous challenges to society and authorities in particular in the context of ensuring traffic safety. The publication conducted a study of the impact of calendar-related factors (day of the week, month) on the number of accidents in Poland. The purpose of the article was to assess, whether these are significantly influential factors and to present the issue of road accidents in the context of the current state of road safety in Poland as measured by the number of victims and injuries. The number of accidents was shown to be significantly dependent on the month, as well as the day of the week. Attention was also paid to the issue of the severity of accidents in Poland compared to other EU countries, in view of which recommendations aimed at minimizing the number of victims were indicated.
Impact of Accidents on Traffic Congestions: A Bayesian Network Approach Using Real City Data
Authors: Talluri Kranthi Kumar , Weidl Galia
Published: December 2024

Traffic congestion has been a major concern in urban areas due to its strong impact on various social, economic, and human safety sectors. Understanding the relationship and analyzing the trends and patterns between congestion and accidents can strengthen the strategy for reducing traffic congestion. Research on causes of accidents and their impact on congestion has recently been explored on a greater scale, but there is still a lot of scope for vast areas of improvement. To tackle this issue, we built a Bayesian Network (BN) model for analyzing and predicting congestion probability that can occur due to accidents. In this work, the complexity of handling real data obtained from Darmstadt city is described in detail. The accidents and congestion are correlated by introducing a novel threshold-based approach, which identifies congestion based on the change in vehicle density immediately following an accident. Different thresholds are explored to determine the most reliable measure of congestion, with the T4 threshold emerging as the optimal choice. Moreover, the proposed BN model is evaluated against several machine learning models, demonstrating competitive performance and its ability to understand the root cause of traffic congestion.
Towards a Meet-in-the Middle Approach for Trustworthy AI for CCAM
Authors: Quintero Karla , Arlotti Clément , Cortes Atia , Antoniou Stathis
Published: December 2024

This work tackles the problem of building trustworthy AI for the automotive industry in a context in which generic guidelines have already been proposed yet their instantiation is far from straightforward. The following work presents a first iteration of a methodology for developing trustworthy AI in CCAM (Connected, Cooperative Autonomous Mobility) applications as a meet-in-the-middle approach integrating generic European ethics guidelines (top-down) as well as leveraging the scenario approach (bottom-up) as a well-known practice in the automotive field. The result is a first version of application of the trustworthiness criteria into a use case of AI-enhanced ADAS and a related scenario subset. The premise is that in order to truly develop trustworthy AI, trustworthiness criteria are necessary but must be coupled with solid practices in the field and systems of reference in order to ensure integration of ongoing and proven engineering processes to the new challenges and opportunities linked to the development cycle of AI-based systems.
Equity in Public Transportation Systems in Tourist Cities: A Comparative Study of Palma and Málaga (Spain)
Authors: Moragues Alexandre , Seguí-Pons Joana Maria , Ruiz-Pérez Maurici
Published: December 2024

The study investigates the equity of public transportation systems in two Mediterranean tourist cities, Palma and Málaga, using open GTFS data, GIS analysis, and socio-economic variables. It aims to compare the distribution of public transport services, focusing on horizontal equity and vertical equity. The methodology involves calculating service levels for each stop and section, considering walking catchment areas, and assessing potential public transport needs using the Public Transport Need Index. The findings reveal significant disparities in transport service distribution in both cities, with Palma showing a high concentration of services in the city centre and specific vertical axes, leaving peripheral areas with insufficient coverage. In contrast, Málaga demonstrates a more evenly distributed transport network, benefiting both residents and tourists. The study concludes that Palma exhibits considerable horizontal inequity, particularly affecting low-income residents in suburban areas, while Málaga offers a more equitable service distribution. However, both cities face challenges in meeting the transport needs of socially disadvantaged groups, underscoring the necessity for more inclusive and demand-responsive transport planning.
A Study on Travel Mode Decision Making for Tourists in Urban Multi-Modal Transportation Network Considering Unblocked Reliability
Authors: Zhao Yongqiang , Liu Zeyun
Published: December 2024

Analyzing the articulation mechanism of urban multi-modal transportation network and mastering the operation of the road network to meet the travel demand of tourists between different scenic spots within the city. Firstly, the hypernetwork theory is used to construct a super network model of urban multi-modal transportation system. Secondly, considering that the main factor affecting travelers’ route selection is time volatility, and based on this, the evaluation index system of the road network operation status is improved, and the improved index system considers the influence of unblocked reliability on route selection. Subsequently, the frequency of occurrence of different road network traffic states is transformed into the state transfer probability of the Markov decision process, and a minimum generalized cost travel decision model considering tourists’ economic, time, and comfort costs is developed, and an algorithm was designed to solve the frequency of different road network traffic states is transformed into the state transition probability of Markov decision process, and the minimum generalized cost travel decision model considering tourist economic cost, time cost and comfort cost is established, and the algorithm is designed to solve it. Finally, the road network between scenic spots in Yanta District of Xi’an is taken as an example to verify the validity of the model. The results of the study show that there are differences in the travel modes or routes chosen by tourists of different ages under different road network traffic states, proving the validity of the model.
Is the Detection of Road Markings by a Machine Vision System Related to Physical Indicators?
Authors: Girard Joffrey , El Krine Abdessamad , Tual Maxime , Holler Colin , Faure Thomas , Stresser Aude , Heinkele Christophe , Muzet Valérie
Published: December 2024

To be effective in lane positioning, automated vehicle cameras must be able to detect the road making lines, even if the road marking is very old. Several studies have attempted to define detection threshold for various physical indicators characterizing markings, but the results are not unanimous. A specific instrumentation was carried out on a test track to generate several types of road marking lines (from very good to extremely worn). Experiments were conducted by day and night to study the detection performance of a Machine Vision (MV) system on a dry road. The road markings lines were characterized by physical indicators expressing their state of wear and their contrast with the surrounding road. The MV system was always able to detect the marking lines, including the most severe case of wear. This result raises the question of the relevance of the threshold values to be ensured for good detection by automated vehicles.