bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ontological description for some boundary value problems of elasticity theory
Authors: Ataeva Olga Muratovna , Serebryakov Vladimir Alekseevich , Tuchkova Natalia Pavlovna
Published: October 2023

The paper uses the ontological design approach to describe the semantics of some boundary value problems from the field of solid mechanics. Modern materials modeled within the framework of the theory of elasticity require new formulations of classical problems of mathematical physics. To describe new problems, it is necessary to establish connections between new terms and concepts with the classical definitions of the mathematical encyclopedia and other primary sources. Establishing links allows you to form a dictionary and thesaurus of the applied subject area of new boundary value problems and place the results in the semantic environment of the digital library. Examples of this approach are demonstrated using the capabilities of the LibMeta semantic library, which contains a digitized version of the mathematical encyclopedia and encyclopedia of mathematical physics, classifiers, and applied mathematical thesauri and dictionaries. The purpose of the research is to provide the user with additional services in the search for publications in the applied scientific field.
Intelligent Recommendation System of Computational Methods of Architectural Acoustics
Authors: Artemieva Irina Leonidovna , Chusova Alina Evgenevna
Published: October 2023

The report presents the software package that will allow specialists in the field of architectural acoustics to choose the most appropriate methods for modeling sound and selecting finishing materials depending on the tasks and parameters of a building A distinctive feature of this system is the presence of an ontology of the subject area that describes the terms and relationships between concepts, as well as modules for solving various problems in the field of architectural acoustics. Such an approach will allow the user to recommend the most suitable simulation methods for one’s request due to considering the specifics of the premises and the functional requirements of the client. The on-demand software system allows to optimize and parallelize programs written in a domain-specific programming language. The paper describes the principles of source code analysis to identify critical areas and modify them using a bank of patterns. The report also discusses an approach to develop a domain-specific programming language based on domain ontology, ODSL (Ontology-Based Domain-Specific Language), which allows specialists to describe algorithms not accounting for different specific optimization and parallelization methods. The novelty of the work lies in the proposed architecture of modules based on applied ontology, which makes it possible to adapt the solution to other subject areas.
New components of the OntoMathPRO ontology for representing math knowledge
Authors: Elizarov Aleksandr Mikhajlovich , Kirillovich Alexander Vitalevich , Lipachev Evgeny Konstantinovich , Nevzoova Olga Avenirovna
Published: October 2023

A new version of the ontology of professional mathematical knowledge OntoMathPRO is presented. This ontology is a conceptual model of the main branches of mathematics. The new version of the ontology introduces materialized relationships between concepts. To do this, ontology concepts are additionally divided into types and roles. Concepts-roles act as arguments of materialized relations. Also, one of the features of the new version of the ontology is the inclusion of multilingual lexicons for expressing mathematical concepts in natural language texts. The introduction of prerequisite relationships between ontology classes has expanded the possibilities of creating educational mathematical applications. Some important applications of the OntoMathPRO ontology in various fields of knowledge are indicated.
Automated system for numerical similarity evaluation of Android applications
Authors: Petrov Valery Vladimirovich
Published: October 2023

This work is devoted to the design and development of a system for automating the numerical assessment of the similarity of Android applications. The problem of similarity assessment is reduced to the problem of similarity assessment of sets of control flow graphs built on the basis of code from classes.dex files. The similarity value is calculated based on the similarity matrix. Control flow graphs are compared using the graph edit distance and Levenshtein distance algorithms. The paper formulated similarity criteria for Android applications, investigated the forms of their representation, types of models, types of methods for building models, types of assessment of similarity of programs and existing solutions. A prototype of the system and auxiliary tools have been developed, the program has been optimised using parallel programming tools. Experiments were carried out and a conclusion was made about the ability of the program to identify similarities between Android applications.
Effect of milk replacer on calf rearing performance and hematological and biochemical blood indices
Authors:   Department of Animal and Nutrition Breeding, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland, Bogucki Mariusz , Bogusławska-Tryk Monika ,   Department of Animal Physiology and Physiotherapy, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland, Stanek Magdalena ,   Department of Animal Physiology and Physiotherapy, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland, Kuropatwińska Iwona ,   Rolhod Sp. z o.o., Wąsewo 16, 88-230 Piotrków Kujawski, Poland, Bujko Jozef ,   Institute of Nutrition a​nd Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the type of milk replacer on the production results of calf rearing and hematological and biochemical parameters of their blood. Calves (heifers) of the Polish Holstein-Friesian breed, divided into two groups of 18 animals each, were maintained and fed equally, except for milk replacers used from the 31st to the 90th day of calf life. Group A received milk replacer based on skimmed milk powder, and group B received milk replacer based on whey powder. Production parameters were calculated and hematological and biochemical blood indices were determined. Better calf rearing results were found when the formula A was used. Calves, despite a lower initial weight at 30 days of age, reached a higher final weight at 90 days of rearing. There was a significantly higher number of leukocytes and erythrocytes in the blood of gorup A clves, whereas in group B there was a higher average red blood cell volume and average weight of hemoglobin in a red blood cell. In addition, there were significant differences in the levels of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol in the blood of calves fed different milk replacers (P ≤ 0.05).
Consumer awareness of additives used on the food market
Authors:   University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Department of Cattle Breeding and Genetic Resources Conservation, Laboratory for Organic Production of Food of Animal Origin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland, Januś Ewa , Sablik Piotr ,   West Pomeranian University of Technology, Department of Ruminant Science, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland, Grzechnik Martyna ,   University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Department of Cattle Breeding and Genetic Resources Conservation, Laboratory for Organic Production of Food of Animal Origin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
Published: October 2023

The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of additives used in food in a random group of Polish consumers. It was based on the results of a consumer survey addressed to the inhabitants of Poland via the Internet. The questions in the survey concerned the knowledge and behaviour of respondents regarding food additives. The analysis showed that the respondents pay attention to additives used in food to a large extent, but their general knowledge on this subject is at an average level. Pro-health attitudes regarding the purchase of food without additives were most often shown by females and younger people and those with higher education and living in urban agglomerations. Since the survey did not confirm the respondents’ opinion about their extensive knowledge of additives used in food production, it should be assumed that this largely reflects the state of awareness in this area in a large part of society. Actions should be taken to educate the public about the use of additives in the food industry to raise awareness about the safety and scale of consumption of food additives.
Adult Intramedullary Mature Teratoma of the Spinal Cord: An Unusual Case with a Review of the Literature
Authors: Jeong Sun-Jun , Park Jong-Hyeok , Jun Sun-Young
Published: October 2023

Intraspinal teratoma is a rare subtype of spinal cord tumors, accounting for only 0.2% to 0.5% of cases. These tumors consist of a mixture of two or more germ cell layers, including the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. They often contain epithelial tissues, fatty tissues, and follicles derived from these three layers, which can be visualized on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in most cases. However, in our patient, a 35-year-old woman with an intradural oval intramedullary teratoma at the L4 level, the tumor exhibited features similar to those of a schwannoma. On MRI, the tumor appeared as a 2-cm mass attached to the end of the spinal cord, with intermediate signal intensity on T2-weighted images and iso-intensity without enhancement on T1-weighted images. L4 laminoplasty with tumor removal was performed under intraoperative monitoring. The tumor was found to be firm with a cyst containing mucoid and fatty tissue posteriorly. Near-total resection was achieved, although the tumor margin was indistinct. A literature review revealed spinal cord tethering and the presence of fatty tissue without MRI enhancement as characteristic findings of teratomas and dermoid cysts.
Guided Deep Learning Manifold Linearization of Porous Media Flow Equations
Authors: Dall’Aqua Marcelo J. , Coutinho Emilio J. R. , Gildin Eduardo , Guo Zhenyu , Zalavadia Hardik , Sankaran Sathish
Published: October 2023

Integrated reservoir studies for performance prediction and decision-making processes are computationally expensive. In this paper, we develop a novel linearization approach to reduce the computational burden of intensive reservoir simulation execution. We achieve this by introducing two novel components: (1) augmention of the state-space to yield a bilinear system and (2) an autoencoder based on a deep neural network to linearize physics reservoir equations in a reduced manifold using a Koopman operator. Recognizing that reservoir simulators execute expensive Newton-Raphson iterations after each timestep to solve the nonlinearities of the physical model, we propose “lifting” the physics to a more amenable manifold where the model behaves close to a linear system, similar to the Koopman theory, thus avoiding the iteration step. We use autoencoder deep neural networks with specific loss functions and structure to transform the nonlinear equation and frame it as a bilinear system with constant matrices over time. In such a way, it forces the states (pressures and saturations) to evolve in time by simple matrix multiplications in the lifted manifold. We also adopt a “guided” training approach, which is performed in three steps: (1) We initially train the autoencoder, (2) then we use a “conventional” model order reduction (MOR) as an initializer for the final (3) full training, when we use reservoir knowledge to improve and to lead the results to physically meaningful output.

Many simulation studies exhibit extremely nonlinear and multiscale behavior, which can be difficult to model and control. Koopman operators can be shown to represent any dynamical system through linear dynamics. We applied this new framework to a 2D two-phase (oil and water) reservoir subject to a waterflooding plan with three wells (one injector and two producers) with speedups around 100 times faster and accuracy in the order of 1% to 3% on the pressure and saturation predictions. It is worthwhile noting that this method is a nonintrusive data-driven method because it does not need access to the reservoir simulation internal structure; thus, it is easily applied to commercial reservoir simulators and is also extendable to other studies. In addition, an extra benefit of this framework is to enable the plethora of well-developed tools for MOR of linear systems. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first work that uses the Koopman operator for linearizing the system with controls. As with any MOR method, this can be directly applied to a well-control optimization problem and well-placement studies with low computational cost in the prediction step and good accuracy.
Gold-catalyzed C3-H functionalization of quinoline N-oxides
Authors: Xia Zhonghua , Wu Jiawen , Li Dinghua , Yang Rongjie , Zhao Fen , Zhong Yu , Fan Baomin
Published: October 2023

Site-selective C-H functionalization of quinolines provides a direct way for the rapid construction and derivatization of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other biologically active compounds. Here we present a gold-catalyzed highly selective and redox-neutral C3-H functionalization of quinoline N-oxides, with indoles and tertiary anilines as nucleophiles for C-C coupling, while primary and secondary anilines give C-N coupling products. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies suggest that the gold-catalyzed C3-H functionalization of quinoline N-oxides undergoes C2-auration and subsequent concerted C3 nucleophilic addition.
β-catenin-regulated Sumoylation modification of LKB1 and fatty acid metabolism is critical in renal fibrosis
Authors: Zhou Lili , Chen Shuangqin , Zhang Meijia , Liu Sirui , Li Jiemei , Wang HaoRan , Song Shicong , Hou Xiaotao , Liu Canzhen , Wu Qinyu , Zhu Mingsheng , Shen Weiwei , Miao Jinhua , Hou Fan Fan , Liu Youhua , wang cheng
Published: October 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is in high prevalence all over the world. Renal fibrosis is the common feature in all kinds of CKD. However, the underlying mechanisms of renal fibrosis are still poorly understood. Fatty acid metabolism is a key pathway to supply energy to tubular cells. However, the regulatory machinery has not been fully investigated. In this study, we found the inhibition of fatty acid metabolism in renal tubular epithelial cells, which positively correlated with renal fibrosis. LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway was also inhibited. Interestingly, we found β-catenin blocked LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway through inhibition of Sumoylation of LKB1. Notably, we also found Sumo3 plays a decisive role in the Sumoylation modification of LKB1. Gene ablation of β-catenin in tubular cells (Ksp-β-catenin−/−) greatly upregulated LKB1-AMPK signaling, restored fatty acid metabolism, and ameliorated renal fibrosis. Overexpression of Sumo3 could resist Wnt1-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and renal fibrosis. These results suggest that Sumoylation modification of LKB1 plays a key role in protecting against renal fibrosis, and β-catenin modulates LKB1 signaling through regulating Sumo3. Our study provides new mechanisms to energy metabolism in renal tubular cells and provides a new therapeutic target for treating renal fibrosis.
Making interfacial solar evaporation of seawater faster than fresh water
Authors: Xu Haolan , Yu Huimin , jin huanyu , Qiu Meijia , Sun Peng , Cheng Chuanqi , Wu Pan , Wang Yida , Wu Xuan , Chu Dewei , Zheng Min , Qiu Tong , Lu Yi , Zhang Bin , Mai Wenjie , Yang Xiaofei , Owens Gary
Published: October 2023

Interfacial solar evaporation-based seawater desalination is regarded as one of the most promising strategies to alleviate freshwater scarcity. However, the solar evaporation rate of real seawater is significantly constricted by the ubiquitous salts present in seawater. In addition to the common issue of salt accumulation on the evaporation surface during solar evaporation, strong hydration between salt ions and water molecules leads to a lower evaporation rate for real seawater compared to pure water. Here we develop a facile and general strategy to reverse this occurrence, i.e., making the real seawater evaporation faster than pure water. By simply introducing specific mineral materials into the floating photothermal evaporator, ion exchange at air-water interfaces directly resulted in a decrease in seawater evaporation enthalpy, and consequently much higher seawater evaporation rates compared to pure water. This process is spontaneously realized during seawater solar evaporation. Considering the current enormous clean water production from evaporation-based desalination plants, such an evaporation performance improvement could potentially increase annual clean water production by more than a billion tons, benefiting millions of people worldwide.
Assessing Cancer Patients' Accessibility to Healthcare Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study in Khartoum State
Authors: Malik Elfatih M , Hamid Yusra Hussein , Abbas Azza Alfadil , Mohamed Rowa Ali , Saeed Nafahat Alsadig , Bashir Rayan Osman , Mohamed Ahmed Osman , Hamad Zohal Hassan , Babiker Arwa Babiker
Published: October 2023

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a disruptive effect on healthcare services worldwide. In particular oncology care has witnessed significant setbacks. This retrospective cross-sectional study aims to explore the consequent impact on cancer patients at the Radiation and Isotopes Center Khartoum (RICK) in Sudan in terms of assessing cancer patients' accessibility to healthcare services and perceived barriers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Khartoum state. It also aims to determine the coping strategies used by patients to overcome these barriers.
Results
The study found that 55.7% of the surveyed cancer patients had experienced disruptions in accessing essential cancer healthcare services during the lockdown. The study identified the most common cancers as breast (19.7%), gastrointestinal (19%), and ovarian (11%). Notable barriers included governmental travel restrictions (51.6%), outpatient service closures (41.8%), and high costs (27.8%). Additionally, delayed treatment was directly associated with a 33.3% fatality rate among the participants.
Comparison of diffusion ranges at different local anesthetic volumes during superior laryngeal nerve block
Authors: Bao Yin , Wang Huijun , Li Lifeng , Xu Hongbo , Li Yun , Wang Guyan
Published: October 2023

Objectives.
Ultrasound-guided superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) block is a practical and painless approach to avoid the hemodynamic stress response during endotracheal intubation and relieve sore throat after laryngeal surgery. The main purpose of this study was to establish an optimal dosage of local anesthetic when performing SLN block to help anesthetists balance analgesia and side effects.
Methods.
Twenty fresh larynx specimens were obtained immediately after resection and then injected with 2-, 3-, 4-, or 5- mL of a lidocaine-blue dye mixture at bilateral SLN puncture sites. Superficial areas of deposited blue dye were measured. Dye leakage and surrounding dyed tissue were recorded. Another 40 patients were included in the ultrasound investigation. Distances between the internal branch of the SLN (iSLN) and adjacent structures were calculated.
Results.
The dye spread area was greater with administration of larger-doses, especially to the visceral space. A 2- or 3-mL injection of local anesthetic was sufficient to infiltrate the SLN gap. A higher incidence of dye leaking out of the thyrohyoid membrane and anterior epiglottis space was observed; furthermore, there was substantially more dyed hyoid/thyroid cartilage with 4 and 5 mL of injected dye mixture than 2 mL. There was no significant difference between the specimen and ultrasound measurements on for length of iSLN - adjacent structures.
Conclusions.
In the Chinese population, 2- or 3- mL of local anesthetic is a safe dose during SLN block. A larger volume could overflow from the cavity to cause complications. The thyrohyoid membrane combined with the superior laryngeal artery is a reliable target for positioning the iSLN during ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia.
Transcription factor and cytokine profiles in peripheral blood T helper cells in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Roofchayee Neda Dalil , Heshmatnia Jalal , Fakharian Atefeh , Jamatti Hamidreaza , Varahram Mohammad , Adcock Ian M , Mortaz Esmaeil , Mortaz Esmaeil
Published: October 2023

Background
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a debilitating lung disease with poor prognosis. The fibrotic process is not fully understood but involves immune cell activation. The expression of T cell subtype-specific transcription factors involved in Th1, Th2, Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) differentiation in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis is poorly understood.
Objective
To explore the presence of T helper cell transcription factors and related cytokine profiles in IPF patients.
Methods
12 IPF patients and 8 healthy subjects (HC) were enrolled at the Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran-Iran between 10–10 and 09–12 2022. Serum levels of the fibrosis-associated mediators IP-10, TNF-α, TGF-β, CXCL-8 and IFN-γ were measured by ELISA. Immunophenotyping of T helper cells combined transcription factor (T-bet, GATA-3, ROR-γt and FOXP3) presence and the intracellular expression of IL-4 and IL-17 using flow cytometry.
Results
The serum levels of TGF-β (P = 0.001), CXCL-8 (P = 0.0005), TNF-α (P = 0.0312) and IFN-γ (P = 0.0313) were significantly higher and that of IP-10 (P < 0.0001) significantly lower in IPF patients compared to HC. No significant differences in the expression of T-bet (p = 0.64), GATA3 (p = 0.63), ROR-γt (p = 0.19) and FOXP3 (p = 0.11) were found. The intracellular expression of IL-17 (P = 0.0011) was higher in IPF patients. A positive correlation between T-bet and GATA3 (P = 0.006, R = 0.738), IL-4 and ROR-γt (P = 0.044, R = 0.586) and between TNF-α with age (P = 0.007, R = 0.726) and a negative correlation between age with FOXP3 (P = 0.0017, R=-0.801) was demonstrated.
Conclusion
T-cell transcription factors were not altered in IPF patients. The expression of IP-10 may be an additional marker for IPF.
Water treatment and electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction of Cobalt Oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Dakave Siddhi S. , Bhinge Guruprasad A. , Shetti Sourabh S. , Kanamadi Chidanand M.
Published: October 2023

In this work, we focused on synthesis and electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction study of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) which is a promising metal oxide in electrocatalysis and contaminant removal in water treatment. Its role in producing clean hydrogen fuel, its tunable properties, and nanoscale engineering potential for efficient OER is highlighted, along with its capacity for adsorption and oxidation of contaminants. Fine cobalt oxide nanoparticles were produced by sol gel method followed by different sintering temperatures. To understand the impact of sintering temperature on surface morphology, size and shape of nanoparticles, FESEM and HRTEM characterizing tools were used. Thin film electrode of Co3O4 were prepared by doctor blade method and used to study linear swap voltammetry (LSV), and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The cobalt oxide electrode sintered at 600℃ shows highest catalytic activity with 258 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm-2 current density and 17.33 mV sec-1 Tafel slope. It also shows excellent stability (10hrs) for OER in 1M NaOH. Role of these nanoparticles in water treatment is also focused. Experimental results demonstrate that lower sintering temperatures enhance electrocatalytic properties, contributing to the advancement of sustainable energy and water treatment technologies.
FPNC Net: A Hydrogenation Catalyst Image Recognition Algorithm Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Hou Shichao , Zhao Peng , Cui Peng , Xu Hua , Zhang Jinrong , Liu Jian , An Mi , Lin Xinchen
Published: October 2023

The identification research of hydrogenation catalyst information has always been one of the most important businesses in the chemical industry. In order to aid researchers in efficiently screening high-performance catalyst carriers and tackle the pressing challenge at hand, it is imperative to find a solution for the intelligent recognition of hydrogenation catalyst images. To address the issue of low recognition accuracy caused by adhesion and stacking of hydrogenation catalysts, an image recognition algorithm of hydrogenation catalyst based on FPNC Net was proposed in this paper. In the present study, Resnet50 backbone network was used to extract the features, and spatially-separable convolution kernel was used to extract the multi-scale features of catalyst fringe. In addition, to effectively segment the adhesive regions of stripes, FPN (Feature Pyramid Network) is added to the backbone network for deep and shallow feature fusion. Introducing an attention module to adaptively adjust weights can effectively highlight the target features of the catalyst. The experimental results showed that the FPNC Net model achieved an accuracy of 94.2% and an AP value improvement of 19.37% compared to the original Center-Net model. The improved model demonstrates a significant enhancement in detection accuracy, indicating a high capability for detecting hydrogenation catalyst targets.
Beyond the M.D.: Transdisciplinary Approaches of High-Volume Dual Degree M.D./Masters Programs at U.S. Medical Schools
Authors: Agarwal Gauri , Colbert Brett M. , Jacobs Sarah , Deshpande Amar R. , Chandran Latha , Issenberg S. Barry
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
Transdisciplinarity been described as a fusing of theories, methods, and expertise across disciplinary boundaries to address complex, global problems. This approach has coincided with an increase in US medical schools offering Masters degrees to equip medical students to practice in complex, interconnected health systems. The purpose of this study was to focus on medical schools that graduate the largest number of students per year and explore the alignment of such programs with a transdisciplinary approach.
Methods:
We identified 19 medical schools that annually graduated an average of 10 or more dual-degree students from 2015–2020. We surveyed these schools and asked participants to describe the reason(s) their institutions offered dual-degree programs. Two authors coded the narrative responses from the survey.
Results:
Responses were received from 17 of the 19 schools. The analysis of participants’ responses regarding their institutions’ purpose for offering dual programs revealed several themes associated with a transdisciplinary approach to training. The most common themes were expand skill sets beyond a medical degree (73%), provide opportunity for interdisciplinary collaboration (67%), expand career interest and goals (60%), develop leaders (53%), enhance residency applications (47%) and further the institution’s vision and mission (45%).
Conclusions:
This study is the first comprehensive evaluation of MD/Masters programs in the United States that includes a summary of the institutions with the largest of these dual degree programs and their reasons for offering them. The findings support the hypothesis that medical schools are recognizing the need for a transdisciplinary approach to prepare students for the complexities in healthcare. These programs provide students with opportunities for additional areas of expertise, leadership development, enhancement of competitiveness for residency application, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Medical schools without dual-degree programs should consider developing these programs to provide benefits to students and institutions.
Series arc fault detection method based on Wavelet energy spectrum entropy
Authors: Fu Zhen , Wang Wei , Hu Wei , Han Haoran , Yang Fan , Diao Shoubin
Published: October 2023

The existing series arc fault detection methods mostly construct the detection criterion by extracting the fault characteristics of current. Due to the diversity of load currents, it is difficult for current detection methods to construct detection criteria with a single characteristic. In contrast, the normal voltage on the load side is not sensitive to the types of loads, thus the arc fault information has a more obvious characterization on the load side voltage. In view of this reason, based on the analysis of basic time-frequency domain characteristics of arc faults, a method for arc fault detection is proposed based on wavelet energy spectrum entropy of the voltage on the load side whose purpose is to overcome the difficulty of selecting fault characteristic frequency band under different loads, and the optimal selection of wavelet decomposition layers and wavelet basis functions are also achieved through analysis and experiments. The experiment and comparison of algorithms show that the fault detection accuracy of the proposed method is more than 98% under different loads. The anti-disturbance ability of the method for load switching is verified by load switching experiment, which verifies the effectiveness of the method.
Phytoplankton-mediated inorganic nutrient fluxes in an estuary prone to persistent harmful algal blooms
Authors: Whitfield Emily Cailyn , Lemley Daniel Alan , Adams Janine Barbara
Published: October 2023

Nutrient uptake by phytoplankton in estuaries can mitigate the effects of anthropogenic nutrient loading and prevent excess nutrients from reaching adjacent coastal waters. In eutrophic estuaries, a shift typically occurs from a balanced benthic primary producer community (e.g., seagrasses, salt marsh) to a less stable, phytoplankton-dominated system potentially comprised of harmful algal bloom (HAB) taxa. Given this shift, this study investigated the role that phytoplankton play in influencing estuarine water column inorganic nutrient dynamics. To assess nutrient uptake capacity, dissolved inorganic nutrients (nitrogen (DIN), phosphorus (DIP), and silica (DSi)) and phytoplankton concentrations were assessed in relation to salinity. The mixing lines of DIN versus salinity plots were classified as “linear” (conservative, i.e., negligible uptake), “press” (concave curve, i.e., characteristic of the growth phase of the bloom), or “pulse” (complete depletion of nutrients, i.e., HAB events) as an indication of estuarine conditions. The majority (64%) of sampling dates exhibited press or pulse events indicating that the Swartkops Estuary presides in an undesirable state. Bloom species commonly consisted of the Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae) and Cyclotella cf. atomus (Mediophyceae). Phytoplankton can take up to 98%, 18%, and 70% of the DIN, DIP, and DSi, respectively, but this comes with costs (e.g., hypoxia, food-web restructuring, increased turbidity) associated with HABs. Catchment-based nutrient reduction measures are thus critical to prevent degradation of ecosystem health and functionality in eutrophic estuaries.
Discharge of Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients on Sub-Optimal Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Booker Jeffrey , Nihart alexander , Campen matthew , Medrano-Rodriguez Eduardo , Blankenship James
Published: October 2023

Purpose
To identify and quantify the reasons why acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing stenting at University of New Mexico Hospital were prescribed sub-optimal dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) at discharge, and to identify practice patterns that could potentially lead to improved DAPT treatment for these patients.
Methods
We reviewed electronic medical records and cardiac catheterization records of 326 patients who underwent PCI at UNMH between January 1, 2021, and June 30, 2022 and identified 229 ACS patients who survived until discharge. Demographic and clinical characteristics relevant to P2Y12 selection were obtained from a review of medical records. Pharmacists’ notes that documented their efforts to get appropriate insurance coverage and reasons for discharge on clopidogrel rather than ticagrelor were reviewed. Patients discharged on aspirin and clopidogrel underwent review of medical records and cardiac catheterization lab records to determine if the discharge P2Y12 drug was appropriate. Reasons for inappropriately discharge on clopidogrel were categorized as cost/insurance, patient preference, concern for daily adherence to a twice-daily medication, and on clopidogrel before PCI and not switched to ticagrelor afterward.
Results
The 229 ACS patients included (38.0%, n = 87) appropriately discharged on ticagrelor/prasugrel, (27.5%, n = 63) appropriately discharged on clopidogrel, (32.8%, n = 75) inappropriately discharged on clopidogrel, and (1.7%, n = 4) not discharged on a P2Y12 inhibitor. For patients inappropriately discharged on clopidogrel (n = 75), the most common reasons were cost or lack of insurance (n = 56) and clinical inertia (taking clopidogrel before PCI and maintained on it afterward) (n = 17). Inappropriate DAPT at discharge correlated with lack of insurance (90.5% compared to 39.7% in patients with insurance, P < 0.001) but not with ethnicity.
Conclusion
At the University of New Mexico, a safety-net hospital, increasing financially restricted access to ticagrelor could help up to 24.5% of ACS patients reduce their risk of ischemic events. For patients admitted on clopidogrel DAPT, upgrading to ticagrelor could reduce ischemic risk in 7.4% of ACS patients. Expanding healthcare insurance coverage might redue sub-optimal DAPT coverage.
Sex effects on DNA methylation affect discovery in epigenome-wide association study of schizophrenia
Authors: Tesfaye Markos , Spindola Leticia , Stavrum Anne-Kristin , Shadrin Alexey , Melle Ingrid , Andreassen Ole , Hellard Stephanie Le
Published: October 2023

Sex differences in the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of schizophrenia are well-known; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences remain unclear. Further, the potential advantages of sex-stratified meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of schizophrenia have not been investigated. Here, we performed sex-stratified EWAS meta-analyses to investigate whether sex stratification improves discovery, and to identify differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and regions (DMRs) in schizophrenia. Peripheral blood-derived DNA methylation data from 1519 cases of schizophrenia (male n = 989, female n = 530) and 1723 controls (male n = 997, female n = 726) from three publicly available datasets, and the TOP cohort were meta-analyzed to compare sex-specific, sex-stratified, and sex-adjusted EWAS. The predictive power of each model was assessed by polymethylation risk score (PMRS). The number of schizophrenia-associated DMPs identified was higher for the sex-stratified model than for the sex-adjusted one (25 vs. 5). We identified 19 schizophrenia-associated DMRs in the sex-stratified analysis. PMRS from sex-stratified analysis outperformed that from sex-adjusted analysis in predicting schizophrenia. Notably, PMRSs from the sex-stratified and female-only analyses, but not those from sex-adjusted or the male-only analyses, significantly predicted schizophrenia in males. The findings suggest that sex-stratified EWAS meta-analyses improve the identification of schizophrenia-associated epigenetic changes and are consistent with the notion that methylation effects in schizophrenia are stronger in females than in males. Sex-specific DNA methylation may have potential implications for precision psychiatry and the development of stratified treatments for schizophrenia.
Dapagliflozin cardiovascular effects on end-stage kidney disease (DARE-ESKD-2) trial: rationale and design.
Authors: Barreto Joaquim , Martins Marilia , Pascoa Mauro , Medorima Sheila T. K , Bonilha Isabella , Jesus Daniel Campos , Carbonara Cinthia E. M. , Quadros Kelcia R. S. , Assato Barbara , Campos-Staffico Alessandra M , Júnior Gil Guerra , Nadruz Wilson , de Oliveira Rodrigo B. , Sposito Andrei C
Published: October 2023

Purpose.
Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) remarkably reduced the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure and cardiovascular death of conservatively managed chronic kidney disease. We hypothesized that adding SGLT2i to standard treatment would yield cardiovascular benefits also in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) individuals on dialysis.
Methods.
The DARE-ESKD-2 Trial (NCT05685394) is an ongoing, single-center, open-label, controlled trial aimed at assessing the cardiovascular effects of dapagliflozin in ESKD on dialysis. Eligible patients are adults on renal replacement therapy for more than 3 prior to enrollment. Exclusion criteria encompass pregnancy, liver failure, and current use of a SGLT2i. After signing an informed consent form, participants are randomized 1:1 to either dapagliflozin 10mg PO plus standard treatment or standard treatment alone for 6 months. Echocardiogram, anthropometry, blood sample collection, 6-min walk test, gait speed, and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), are performed at baseline and at study termination. Participants are contacted monthly during treatment for outcomes disclosure. The primary endpoint of our study is the between-groups differences in posttreatment changes in plasma levels of N-terminal pro-B natriuretic peptide. Secondary endpoints include the differences between groups in the changes of echocardiography measurements, cardiopulmonary tests performance, body composition. The incidence of safety endpoints will also be diligently compared between study arms.
Conclusion.
The DARE-ESKD-2 trial will provide unprecedented data on the cardiovascular safety and efficacy of SGLT2i in ESKD individuals on dialysis. This study will pave the grounds for improving clinical outcomes of dialysis recipients.
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among several populations of primary healthcare workers in comparison to the prediction in the general population and associated factors in France
Authors: Pouquet Marie , Decarreaux Dorine , Domenico Laura Di , Sabbatini Chiara E. , Prévot-Monsacre Pol , Fourié Toscane , Villarroel Paola Mariela Saba , Priet Stephane , Blanché Hélène , Sebaoun Jean-Marc , Deleuze Jean-François , Turbelin Clément , Rossignol Louise , Werner Andréas , Kochert Fabienne , Grosgogeat Brigitte , Rabiega Pascaline , Laupie Julien , Abraham Nathalie , Noël Harold , Werf Sylvie van der , Colizza Vittoria , Carrat Fabrice , Charrel Remi , de Lamballerie Xavier , Blanchon Thierry , Falchi Alessandra
Published: October 2023

Background
Data on the SARS-CoV-2 infection among primary health care workers (PHCWs) are scarce but essential to reflect on policy regarding prevention and control measures.
Aim
We assessed the prevalence of PHCWs who have been infected by SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with modeling from the general population in metropolitan France, and associated factors.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among general practitioners (GPs), pediatricians, dental and pharmacy workers in primary care between May-August 2021. Participants volunteered to provide a dried-blood spot for SARS-CoV-2 antibody assessment and completed a questionnaire. The primary outcome was defined as the detection of infection-induced antibodies or previous self-reported diagnoses. Estimates were adjusted using weights for representativeness and compared with prediction from the general population. Poisson regressions were used to quantify associated factors.
Results
The analysis included 1612 PHCWs. Weighted prevalences were: 31.7% (95%CI: 27.5-36.0) for GPs, 28.7% (95%CI: 24.4-33.0) for pediatricians, 25.2% (95%CI: 20.6-31.0) for dentists, and 25.5% (95%CI: 18.2-34.0) for pharmacists. Estimates were compatible with model predictions for the general population. PHCWs more likely to be infected were: GPs compared to pharmacist assistants (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 2.26; CI95% 1.01-5.07), those living in Île-de-France (aPR= 1.53; CI95% 1.14-2.05), South-East (aPR = 1.57; CI95% 1.19-2.08), North-East (aPR= 1.81; CI95% 1.38-2.37), and those having an unprotected contact with a COVID-19 case within the household (aPR = 1.48; CI95% 1.22-1.80). Occupational factors were not associated with infection.
Conclusion
Results suggest that prevention practices implemented in primary care in France were effective, but should be strengthened when a case is detected at home.
Heterologous expression and characterization of a novel mesophilic maltogenic α-amylase AmyFlA from Flavobacterium sp. NAU1659
Authors: Wang Yanxin , Xie Tingting , Yan guanhua , Xue huairen , zhao zhensong , Ye Xianfeng
Published: October 2023

A novel amylase AmyFlA from Flavobacterium sp. NAU1659 was cloned and expressed in Esherichia coli. Analysis of the sequence homology exhibited that AmyFlA shared 98% identity with the putative protein belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 13 (GH13) from Flavobacterium sp., however, it had the sequence identity lower than 35% with the reported GH13 amylases. AmyFlA was consisted of 620 amino acids, with a putative signal peptide of 25 amino acids. The enzyme enabled to hydrolyze soluble starch into a high level of maltose, and showed a specific activity of 352.97 U/mg at 50°C in 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0). The Km and Vmax of AmyFlA was 3.15 mg/ml and 566.36 µmol·ml− 1·min− 1 under optimal condition, respectively. Moreover, compared to the reported maltogenic amylases, at the initial reaction, AmyFlA produced a less variety of intermediate oligosaccharides, in which contained a higher amount of maltose. These results indicated that AmyFlA possessed potential application values in high-maltose syrup production.
Prevalence of Cervical Cancer Precursor Lesions in Transgender Men: a Systematic Review
Authors: Maffessoni Nicole Bauermann , Graciano Luiza Michel , Pinheiro Ana Carolina Silva , Roehe Adriana Vial , Bica Claudia Giuliano
Published: October 2023

Purpose
To assess the prevalence of cervical cancer precursor lesions in transgender men who have undergone screening by Pap smear, with the intent of contributing with data for the formulation of public policies to widen access to this population.
Methods
observational studies were selected, with no language or year restrictions, which presented Pap smear results in transgender men. Reviews, case reports and qualitative studies were excluded. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. The risk of bias was assessed using the “NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies”.
Results
Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of precursor lesions in transgender men was 0.8%, which is in line with the rates expected by the BETHESDA system for women. However, there was a very high rate of unsatisfactory results in this population (10%), compared to what was expected by the BETHESDA system (1%).
Conclusion
There is no difference between the prevalence of cervical cancer precursor lesions among transgender men and the expected population prevalence. The number of unsatisfactory tests is high, probably due to the use of testosterone by this population, which makes difficult to collect the material. Studies on transgender men are limited and heterogeneous, and mostly American, limiting the quality of evidence. We suggest that cervical cancer screening policies include, in the exams, information about transgender status and the use of testosterone so that we can reflect on the real health situation of trans men in the context of prevention.
Effectiveness of mobile health intervention in medication adherence: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Sun Kyung , Park Su Yeon , Hwang Hye Ri , Moon Su Hee , Park Jin Woo
Published: October 2023

Background: Low medication adherence is known to pose a great risk of poor treatment outcomes among patients with chronic diseases. Recently, mobile applications (apps) have been recognized as effective interventions, enabling patients to adhere to their prescriptions. This study aimed to establish the effectiveness of mobile app interventions for medication adherence and the affecting features and dropout rates by focusing on randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Method: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of mobile app interventions targeting medication adherence in patients with chronic diseases. Electronic searches of eight databases were conducted on April 21, 2023. Comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software was used to estimate the standardized mean difference (SMD) of pooled outcomes, odds ratios (ORs), and confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analysis was applied to investigate and compare the effectiveness of the interventional strategies and their features. The risk of bias of the included RCTs was evaluated by applying the risk of bias (ROB) tool. Publication bias was also examined using the fail-safe N method.
Results: Twenty-nine studies with 2,684 participants were included. The meta-analysis findings showed a positive impact of mobile apps on improving medication adherence (SMD = 0.386, OR = 2.34). The subgroup analysis results revealed greater effectiveness of interventions using interactive strategies (SMD=1.367, OR=2.678), context-aware reminders (SMD = 0.664, OR = 2.452), data-sharing (SMD = 0.321, OR = 2.449), and pill dispenser (OR = 2.436).
Conclusion: The current study found that mobile interventions had significant effects on medication adherence improvement. Subgroup analysis showed that the roles of stakeholders in health providers’ interactions with patients and developers’ understanding of patients and disease characteristics are critical. Future studies should incorporate advanced technology reflecting acceptability and the needs of the target population.
Impact of In Vitro Cell Subculture on Mosaicism: Comparative Analysis of Chromosome Microarray and Karyotype Results
Authors: xu chenxia , Peng Jianming , Zhang Sheng , Zhang Yanfang , Wang Degang , Li Miaoyuan
Published: October 2023

Background Prenatal chromosomal abnormality detection traditionally relies on conventional karyotyping. This study explores the impact of in vitro cell subculture on prenatal diagnostic sample results, comparing cell subculture methods and chromosome microarray analysis (CMA).
Methods We analyzed G-banding karyotyping data and CMA results from 2007 cases subjected to amniocentesis. This involved examining chromosome mosaicism.
Results Chromosome mosaicism was detected by CMA in 1.49% of cases (30/2007). Sex chromosome mosaicism was the most common form of mosaicism. Among the 30 mosaicisms, 18 results were consistent between the two methods. In four cases, CMA indicated mosaicismbut the karyotypes were normal. In eight cases, CMA was normal while the karyotypes suggested mosaicism.
Conclusions Our findings suggest that shorter mosaic markers may go unnoticed due to limited resolution in G-banding karyotype analysis via subculture of adherent cells. CMA is capable of detecting regions of homozygosity mosaicism, which may escape karyotype analysis. In vitro cell subculture can lead to the loss of abnormal acentric fragments, potentially contributing to fetal malformations. Furthermore, subculture of adherent cells may lead to pseudo-tetraploid formation, possibly attributed to cell duplication during subculture. CMA mitigates the generation of pseudo-mosaicism associated with subculture (double-line culture). The combined use of karyotyping and CMA enhances the accuracy of prenatal genetic diagnosis, enabling the detection of chromosome mosaicism that may be missed after subculture of adherent cells.