bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Active and Passive Facebook Use and Associated Costly Off-line Helping Behavior
Authors: Ng Yu-Leung
Published: July 2019

This study examined active and passive Facebook use and the associated costly altruistic behavior. Results supported the hypothesis that social media use, particularly active use, can enhance the perceived relatedness of individuals in need and reduce the influence of genetic relatedness in helping. Passive social media users tended to help kin in both situations involving low and high biological cost, whereas they were less likely to risk themselves to help social media friends and strangers in extraordinary situations involving high biological cost. However, active social media users, who had a broader sense of connectedness with genetically unrelated individuals, were more willing to help social media friends and strangers in both situations involving high and low biological cost.
Systematic review of textile-based electrodes for long-term and continuous surface electromyography recording
Authors: Guo Li , Sandsjö Leif , Ortiz-Catalan Max , Skrifvars Mikael
Published: July 2019

This systematic review concerns the use of smart textiles enabled applications based on myoelectric activity. Electromyography (EMG) is the technique for recording and evaluating electric signals related to muscle activity (myoelectric). EMG is a well-established technique that provides a wealth of information for clinical diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. Introducing sensor systems that allow for ubiquitous monitoring of health conditions using textile integrated solutions not only opens possibilities for ambulatory, long-term, and continuous health monitoring outside the hospital, but also for autonomous self-administration. Textile-based electrodes have demonstrated potential as a fully operational alternative to ‘standard’ Ag/AgCl electrodes for recording surface electromyography (sEMG) signals. As a substitute for Ag/AgCl electrodes fastened to the skin by taping or pre-gluing adhesive, textile-based electrodes have the advantages of being soft, flexible, and air permeable; thus, they have advantages in medicine and health monitoring, especially when self-administration, real-time, and long-term monitoring is required. Such advances have been achieved through various smart textile techniques; for instance, adding functions in textiles, including fibers, yarns, and fabrics, and various methods for incorporating functionality into textiles, such as knitting, weaving, embroidery, and coating.

In this work, we reviewed articles from a textile perspective to provide an overview of sEMG applications enabled by smart textile strategies. The overview is based on a literature evaluation of 41 articles published in both peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings focusing on electrode materials, fabrication methods, construction, and sEMG applications. We introduce four textile integration levels to further describe the various textile electrode sEMG applications reported in the reviewed literature. We conclude with suggestions for future work along with recommendations for the reporting of essential benchmarking information in current and future textile electrode applications.
Effects of a resiliency program on burnout and resiliency in family medicine residents
Authors: Brennan Julie , McGrady Angele , Tripi Jennifer , Sahai Archit , Frame Megan , Stolting Alyse , Riese Amy
Published: July 2019

Research has highlighted the prevalence of burnout in medical residents and the relative rarity of evidence-based structured programs to build resiliency. This was a controlled study of an 8-h program designed to increase resiliency and decrease burnout that focused on personal awareness, improving coping skills, building social connection, and maintaining balance. The project was approved by the institutional review board. Thirty-two family medicine residents signed the consent form. Structured assessment tools were administered to the intervention group at pre-program, immediately post-program and at one- and two-year follow-up. The control group completed the same pre- and post-assessments. Post-intervention comparison of the two groups demonstrated that the intervention group showed significantly lower scores in depersonalization and emotional exhaustion on the Maslach Burnout Inventory immediately after the program. There was no significant difference in the outcomes in year1 and year 2 follow-up. Residents evaluated the program positively. Resiliency programs can be incorporated into a family medicine residency and participants benefit by lowering indicators of burnout.
Fighting for Every Inch of Land: Greed and Grievance in Petition Mobilization in Zhejiang
Authors: Heurlin Christopher
Published: July 2019

Despite a proliferation of studies of the micro-level dynamics of protests and petitions against land takings in China, we know very little about how meso-level factors, such as the local economy, influence petitions to Beijing and provincial governments. Drawing upon the economic approach to civil war, this article examines the roles played by grievances and greed in determining the scale of mobilization at the county level in Zhejiang province. Through archival evidence and interviews in Ningbo and Lishui, as well as an original dataset of petitions, this article suggests that both grievances and greed influence petitioning. Mobilization is especially high in Ningbo, where valuable real estate markets have prompted landless farmers to compete with local governments over control of the rents from land. The article proposes the concept of resource value activation as a cognitive mechanism that has contributed to this process of mobilization.
Development of Attitudes Toward Voluntary Childlessness Scale and Its Associations With Ambivalent Sexism in Turkey
Authors: Bahtiyar-Saygan Bahar , Sakallı-Uğurlu Nuray
Published: July 2019

We aimed to develop a scale about attitudes toward voluntary childlessness and explore the predictive powers of hostile/benevolent sexism, and demographic factors (age, gender, education, income, and already having a child) on the scale. Three factors ( N = 322; Mage = 32.47, SDage = 9.33) emerged: negative biases against childfree people (α = .92); necessity of children in being a family, having a happy/meaningful life (α = .94); and supporting individuals’ choice to be childless (α = .80). The scale was found to be reliable and valid. People with higher hostile/benevolent sexism had more negative bias against childfree people, perceived children as necessary to form a family and provided less support for the childlessness choice. Higher education predicted more positive attitudes toward childlessness. People already having a child perceived children necessary to be a family. Younger people tended to support childlessness choice. Gender and income did not predict the factors.
Disorientation and loss of wayfinding in individuals with congenital blindness and other affecting comorbidities
Authors: Jarjoura Waleed
Published: July 2019

Orientation and navigation skills are considered as crucial prerequisites for efficient wayfinding in the surrounding environment and in community both for sighted and blind individuals of all ages. In case of partial or total loss of vision, navigation and wayfinding become more challenging. The acquisition of proficient orientation and navigation by visually deprived individuals is possible when accurate guidance and training are available, and the central nervous system is intact. In cases of head trauma, neurological lesions (specifically, right hemispheric lesions), or genetic factors, the acquisition of orientation and navigation becomes a disturbed process. In some severe cases, the individuals become, literally, “space-less.” This profound disorientation leads to inefficient functional outcomes, especially when the environment is unfamiliar. These spatially disoriented individuals with loss of independence in both indoor and outdoor wayfinding skills need a long-term, persistent individual guidance by caregivers to prevent risks, a reality that limits daily functions and participation in life roles. Alternative and differential strategies for individual training methods of teaching orientation and navigation are needed. This article discusses this issue on the basis of the theoretical level and proposes practical methods and strategies for enhancing the very initial foundations of orientation and navigation for this specific “space-less” group. Functional impacts and practical implications are further discussed.
The Association Between Normative Beliefs Approving Aggression and Overt Aggressive Behavior in Vietnamese Adolescents: A Short-Term Longitudinal Study
Authors: Vu Ba Tuan , Van Heel Martijn , Petry Katja , Bosmans Guy
Published: July 2019

In Vietnam, school violence is a serious problem; yet, little is known about the factors explaining this phenomenon. The current study looked at the role of normative beliefs approving aggression in the development of overt aggressive behavior. Using a short-term longitudinal design with three waves (4-month interval), this study examined the associations between normative beliefs approving aggression and overt aggressive behavior in a sample of Vietnamese adolescents. The sample included 632 participants at Wave 1 (51.4% boys, [Formula: see text] age = 13.00 years, SD = 0.85 years), 567 participants at Wave 2 (50.8% boys, [Formula: see text] age = 13.36 years, SD = 0.90 years), and 530 participants at Wave 3 (49.8% boys, [Formula: see text] age = 13.62 years, SD = 0.87 years). All variables were measured using a self-report questionnaire. Within waves, normative beliefs approving aggression were positively related to overt aggressive behavior. More importantly, cross-lagged panel analysis revealed that the normative beliefs predicted increases in overt aggressive behavior over time.
Ultrasonic assessment of carotid intima-media thickness in migraine: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Qiao , Liu Zhen-Yu , Zhou Jia
Published: July 2019

Objective

Migraine is believed to be a risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases, and previous studies have indicated an association between migraine and cerebral atherosclerosis. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) is considered to be a biomarker of atherosclerosis pathology. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between carotid IMT and migraine by conducting a meta-analysis.

Methods

We searched Web of Science, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library for eligible studies assessing carotid IMT in patients with migraine and controls. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers and analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 software.

Results

The meta-analysis included seven articles with 555 subjects (279 migraine patients, 276 controls). Carotid IMT was significantly greater in patients with migraine compared with controls. However, there were no significant differences in IMT between patients with migraine with aura (MA) and controls, migraine without aura (MO) and controls, and patients with MA and MO.

Conclusion

Patients with migraine have greater carotid IMT than individuals without migraine, suggesting an association between atherosclerosis and migraine. However, further studies with more samples are needed to confirm this finding.
Gender and modernity revisited: Dialogues with Joel Kahn
Authors: Stivens Maila
Published: July 2019

This article revisits theorising about the relationships between concepts of gender and modernity, drawing on long-term anthropological research on Southeast Asia. From the 1990s on, now well-known feminist critiques pointed to the profound androcentrism of much theorising about modernity, the many lacunae in such work, and the ways in which masculinity has operated as a core constitutive category of the social. Most theorising about modernity, feminists argued, was gendered both by the exclusion of women and a neglect of gender in explorations of the modern. In their turn, feminists have argued strongly for the centrality of genders and sexualities in the making of modern social and cultural forms and pointed to the crucial place of gendered imaginaries within modern social orders, with women being frequently identified and deployed as bearers of nation, ‘tradition’, and ‘civilisation’. Unpacking and challenging the received categories and paradigms – not least ‘woman’ – has proved demanding, however. Problems have been intensified by prevailing Eurocentrisms, and conceptual divisions of the world into essentialised binaries like ‘modern' and ‘traditional', ‘West' and the 'Rest', and latterly Islam and the West. With increased contests around the concept of modernity – feminist and non-feminist – some writers have argued for a pluralisation of modernity, with such concepts as multiple modernities or alternative modernities, or through conceiving of a global modernity. Engaging critically with such ideas, and grounding the discussion in empirical work on Malaysia carried out in dialogue with Joel Kahn, this article looks to possible further developments in framing debates about gender and the modern, exploring the contributions that locally based, anthropological scholarship can make to theorisations of modernity and its relationship(s) with gender.
Kinaesthetic cities: Studying the worlds of amateur sports and fitness in contemporary urban environments
Authors: Latham Alan , Layton Jack
Published: July 2019

Developing the concept of kinaesthetics, this article undertakes a critical re-description of amateur sports and fitness to explore the topographies, materials, innovation, and socialities that make up urban environments. Extending work on affect and urban materiality within geography and elsewhere, we argue that amateur sport and fitness animates many cities in ways that are frequently overlooked. The paper aims to 1) broaden understandings of amateur sport and fitness practices; 2) reframe perspectives on the kinds of environments cities are; 3) develop a prospective politics of provision involving the design and maintenance of a social infrastructure of amateur sport and fitness.
Gilbert Brown: A Prominent Australian Anaesthetist
Authors: Steven I. M.
Published: July 2019

In 1930 Gilbert Brown was prominent in the South Australian Branch of the British Medical Association and instrumental in the establishment of a Section of Anaesthetics. He was elected the first President of this scientifically and academically orientated section. He became the first President of the Australian Society of Anaesthetists from 1934–1939. He is commemorated by the Society in the Gilbert Brown Award for major contribution to a subject or event of the Society.

The Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists awards the Gilbert Brown Prize to the contributor judged to have made the best contribution at each Annual Scientific Meeting.
An Irish Race Convention? Body Politics and the 1924 Tailteann Games
Authors: Heffernan Conor
Published: July 2019

Covering the 1924 Tailteann Games, a 2-week sporting and cultural celebration held in the Irish Free State, the following article explores the broader sociocultural significance of the Tailteann’s opening ceremony. Said to be the restoration of an ancient Irish festival, the Tailteann Games were envisioned as an Irish ‘race Olympiad’ open to those born in Ireland and those of Irish descent. Welcoming visitors from several nations, the festival marked an ambitious effort on the part of its organisers to formally announce the newly independent state onto the world stage. While previous studies on the Tailteann Games of 1924 have depicted it as an attempt to project a certain kind of Irish identity, the present article seeks to specify the meaning of this identity in much greater detail. Surveying the use of ancient folklore, mass gymnastic displays and modern technologies during the opening ceremony, it is argued that the 1924 Games sought to depict the Irish Free State as a young, modern and culturally vibrant state. The article thus highlights efforts to project a specific and definitive form of Irish identity during the Free State’s opening years.
Privacy Implication of Location-Based Service: Multi-Class Stochastic User Equilibrium and Incentive Mechanism
Authors: Hu Haitao , Sun Zhanbo , Liu Runzhe , Yang Xia
Published: July 2019

As a tool to assist traffic guidance and improve service quality, location-based service (LBS) platforms such as route navigation apps rely heavily on the collection and analysis of users’ location/trajectory information, which may evoke privacy concerns. Because of such privacy concerns, users may choose not to provide their information. In certain cases, this may lead to the problem of insufficient data for LBS applications (e.g., travel time estimation). To address this issue, the paper develops a modeling framework to quantify the levels of privacy for mixed user groups and proposes an incentive mechanism to encourage users to provide their location/trajectory information. It is assumed that LBS users have smaller travel time perception error but experience some extra privacy costs compared with the non-LBS users. A bi-level optimal incentive model with stochastic user equilibrium and elastic demand is developed to capture the mixed behavior of multi-class network users. The problem is solved using a meta-heuristic approach combined of genetic algorithm, successive average algorithm, and multiple behavior equilibrium assignment algorithm. The results reveal that the modeling framework can capture the mixed behavior of groups with different privacy levels. The proposed incentive mechanism is able to ensure sufficient data, and simultaneously minimize the required incentive.
Problem Nutrients in Adolescent Girls With Anemia Versus Nonanemic Adolescent Girls and the Optimized Food-Based Recommendations to Meet Adequacy of These Nutrients in Adolescent School Girls in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Oy Sreymom , Witjaksono Fiastuty , Mustafa Annasari , Setyobudi Sugeng Iwan , Fahmida Umi
Published: July 2019

Background:

Inadequate intake of micronutrients in adolescence leads to high risk of nutritional anemia contributing to the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition.

Objective:

To compare problem nutrients in diet of girls with anemia and nonanemic girls and develop food-based recommendation (FBR) to prevent anemia (hemoglobin <12.0 g/dL) and micronutrient deficiencies among adolescent schoolgirls.

Methods:

Screening for anemia was conducted among 355 adolescent schoolgirls aged 15 to 18 years in East Java, Indonesia. Food consumption patterns were assessed from 69 girls with anemia and 78 nonanemic girls aged 15 to 18 years using two 24-hour dietary recalls and 5-day food records. Weighing is used to obtain food portion sizes. Linear Programming (LP) approach using Optifood was used to identify problem nutrient(s) and formulate FBRs.

Results:

Iron and calcium were problem nutrients among nonanemic girls, while iron, calcium, folate, and vitamin A were problem nutrients among anemic girls. Milk and liver were potential nutrient-dense foods identified to fill the nutrient gaps. Six FBRs would ensure the dietary adequacy for 9 of 12 nutrients except for iron, folate, and calcium.

Conclusions:

Anemic girls had more problem nutrients compared to their nonanemic counterparts. The FBRs developed using LP can meet adequacy of most nutrients except iron, folate, and calcium. Nutrient gap identified from LP analysis suggests that it is advisable to add a mixture of weekly iron and folate supplement for adolescent girls in order to meet adequacy of iron and folate to prevent anemia.
Exposure to Family Violence in Childhood, Self-Efficacy, and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Young Adulthood
Authors: Haj-Yahia Muhammad M. , Hassan-Abbas Niveen , Malka Menny , Sokar Shireen
Published: July 2019

This study aimed to examine the relationship of exposure to family violence (i.e., experiencing parental physical violence [PH] and psychological aggression [PA] and witnessing interparental PH and PA) during childhood and adolescence with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) during young adulthood. In addition, the mediating role of self-efficacy in this relationship was investigated. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 516 university and college students in Israel (90.7% female and 9.3% male; Mage = 24.9, SD = 2.7). The results revealed that experiencing parental violence and witnessing interparental violence during childhood and adolescence were associated with high levels of current PTSS. The results also indicate that experiencing parental violence was associated with lower levels of self-efficacy, whereas no such significant relationship was found between witnessing interparental violence and self-efficacy. Furthermore, a negative relationship was found between self-efficacy and PTSS. In addition, the results show a partial mediation effect of self-efficacy only on the relationship between experiencing parental violence and PTSS. The findings are interpreted in light of Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory. The strengths and limitations of the study as well as implications for future research are discussed.
Till Death Do Us Part: Intersecting Health and Spousal Dementia Caregiving on Caregiver Mortality
Authors: Leggett Amanda N. , Sonnega Amanda J. , Lohman Matthew C.
Published: July 2019

Objective:

We consider whether it is the healthiest dementia caregivers who experience a mortality benefit and whether a protective association is consistent for leading causes of mortality.

Method:

Using the Health and Retirement study (2000-2012), Cox survival models predict time to death for dementia caregivers, including an interaction between dementia caregiver status and self-rated health. The nationally representative sample consisted of 10,650 married adults aged 51 or older (917 dementia caregivers).

Results:

A significant interaction between dementia caregiver status and self-rated health suggested that relative to noncaregivers, dementia caregivers had reduced mortality, with this effect particularly strong at lower levels of self-rated health. The protective effect of dementia caregiver status was consistent across death by heart disease, cancer, and cerebrovascular disease.

Discussion:

These findings add to a growing body of literature suggesting that caregiving may provide a mortality benefit and a reason to maintain health.
Mechanism analysis of vehicle start-up judder based on gradient characteristic of Stribeck effect
Authors: Yuan Renfei , Wu Guangqiang
Published: July 2019

This paper presents a profound mechanism investigation for vehicle start-up judder phenomenon using a combination of experiment and simulation. First, from the experimental analysis, the characteristic frequency of start-up judder is mainly concentrated at about 9 Hz. A 13-degree-of-freedom powertrain branched model is established to numerically reproduce experimental phenomenon. The validity and accuracy of simulation model in reflecting the characteristics of start-up judder are verified by the experimental results in time–frequency domain. Second, through analyzing clutch friction torque, it can be concluded that the closed-loop positive feedback mechanism caused by the negative gradient characteristic of Stribeck effect is the determining factor for the start-up judder. It promotes aggravated fluctuation in rotational speed of clutch driven plate. The introduction process of negative damping that makes powertrain system divergent is explained in detail. Finally, two theoretical measures are proposed to suppress the vehicle start-up judder. One of the measures is to diminish the absolute value of the negative gradient. It weakens the aggravation effect of the closed-loop positive feedback and hence attenuates the start-up judder. Another measure is to change to positive gradient. It forms a closed-loop negative feedback process that causes the almost disappearance of start-up judder. The effectiveness of the two suppression measures verifies the correctness of the start-up judder mechanism proposed in this paper.
Debate, Discussion, and Disagreement: A Reassessment of the Development of British Tactical Air Power Doctrine, 1919–1940
Authors: Powell Matthew
Published: July 2019

This article investigates the work conducted by the Royal Air Force (RAF) in the development of tactical air power in the interwar period. It analyses the RAF’s theoretical doctrinal thinking during the period along with exercises conducted on a joint Service basis to further develop these ideas in practice. It will argue that, rather than neglecting tactical air power during this period as is the accepted view, much good theoretical work was done that formed a theoretical and intellectual basis for the further development of tactical air power in the light of operational experience during the Second World War.
Remaining in Foster Care After Age 18 and Youth Outcomes at the Transition to Adulthood: A Review
Authors: Jones Loring
Published: July 2019

Many foster youth do not exit care for a permanency option and remain in foster care until they age out or are emancipated. Research findings have described the alarming circumstances of these former foster children’s adaptation to emerging adulthood. Public policy over the past three decades has sought various means of improving outcomes for these former foster youth. This review examines the legislative history leading up to extended care, the research on youth leaving foster care, youth preferences for extended care, the competition of extended care with permanency options, and the effects of extended foster care on transition-age youth. The benefits that can be had from such an extension are outlined.
Listening to the Voices of Community Health Workers: A Multilevel, Culture-Centered Approach to Overcoming Structural Barriers in U.S. Latinx Communities
Authors: Palmer-Wackerly Angela L. , Chaidez Virginia , Wayment Caitlyn , Baker Jonathan , Adams Anthony , Wheeler Lorey A.
Published: July 2019

Community Health Workers (CHWs) are often incorporated into efforts to reduce health disparities for vulnerable populations. However, their voices are rarely the focus of research when considering how to increase their job effectiveness and sustainability. The current study addresses this gap by privileging the voices of 28 CHWs who work with Latinx communities in Nebraska through in-depth, semistructured interviews. Using a multilevel, Culture-Centered Approach (CCA) to Health Communication, we identified two key structural communication issues: (a) increasing language accommodation and (b) increasing (and stabilizing) network integration across three ecological levels of health behavior ( individual, microsystem, and exosystem). This study shows the uniquely valuable perspective that CHWs have as they navigate hierarchical health care structures and community cultures to meet the needs of their Latinx clients. Findings suggest that CHWs should be included in health care organization and policy discussions to reduce health disparities for Latinx populations.
Unintended Consequences of Community Health Worker Programs in South Africa
Authors: van de Ruit Catherine
Published: July 2019

Task shifting from trained clinicians to community health workers (CHWs) is a central, primary health care strategy advocated by global health policy planners in resource-poor settings where trained health professionals are scarce. The evidence base for the efficacy of these programs, however, is limited—in particular, research that identifies their potential unintended consequences. Based on sustained ethnographic study of CHWs working for AIDS projects in South Africa at the height of the country’s AIDS epidemic, this article identifies how structural and local factors produced unintended consequences for CHW programs. These consequences were (a) CHWs moonlighting for multiple organizations, (b) CHWs freelancing in communities without regulation, and (c) adverse patient outcomes resulting from uncoordinated care. These consequences stemmed from structural elements of a bureaucratically weak health system and from local grassroots dynamics that jeopardized long-term CHW program sustainability and eroded national health goals.
Psychometric Properties of Two Brief Versions of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist: HSCL-5 and HSCL-10
Authors: Schmalbach Bjarne , Zenger Markus , Tibubos Ana Nanette , Kliem Sören , Petrowski Katja , Brähler Elmar
Published: July 2019

The Hopkins Symptom Checklist–25 (HSCL-25) is a widely applied measure of depression and anxiety. The present study examines two of its short forms—the HSCL-5 and HSCL-10, which have been proposed by previous research—in a representative sample of the German general population. To this end, we conducted exploratory and confirmatory analysis on two subsamples ( n = 1,246 and n = 1,216). Our results suggest that, compared with the HSCL-25, both short forms represent economical ways of assessing depression and anxiety. Model fit was good and correlations with established measures demonstrate convergent validity. Both HSCL short forms are strongly invariant across sex, and we found evidence for partial strong invariance across age groups. Further analyses showed that differences in HSCL can be partially explained by sociodemographic variables. Finally, we report normative values for usage by researchers and clinicians. We recommend the HSCL-5 and HSCL-10 for clinical and research-oriented application.
Culture-dependent diversity profiling of spoilage yeasts species by PCR-RFLP comparative analysis
Authors: Corbett Kereng M , de Smidt Olga
Published: July 2019

Spoilage caused by yeasts is a constant, widespread problem in the beverage industry that can result in major economic losses. Fruit juices provide an environment that allows the proliferation of yeast. Some factories in South Africa are not equipped with laboratory facilities to identify spoilage yeasts and outsourcing becomes a prolonged process which obstructs corrective action planning. This study aimed to establish yeast diversity and apply a rapid method for preliminary identification of spoilage yeasts associated with a small-scale fruit juice bottling factory. Yeast population in the factory was determined by isolation from the production environment, process equipment and spoiled products. PCR-RFLP analysis targeting the 5.8S-ITS region and D1/D2 sequencing was used for identification. A total of 207 yeasts belonging to 10 different genera ( Candida, Lodderomyces, Wickerhamomyces, Yarrowia, Zygosaccharomyces, Zygoascus, Cryptococcus, Filobasidium, Rhodotorula/Cystobasidium and Trichosporon) were isolated and identified from the production environment and processing equipment. Candida intermedia, C. parapsilosis and Lodderomyces elongisporus were widely distributed in the factory. Zygosaccharomyces bailii, Z. bisporus, Zygoascus hellenicus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated from the spoiled products. The data provided a yeast control panel that was used successfully to identify unknown yeasts in spoiled products from this factory using polymerase chain reaction-restriction length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) comparative analysis.
Be a Responsible and Respectable Man: Two Generations of Chinese Gay Men Accomplishing Masculinity in Hong Kong
Authors: Kong Travis S. K.
Published: July 2019

This article seeks a dialogue between masculinity studies and generational sexuality studies by comparing two generations of gay men in Hong Kong through in-depth interviews with 15 older gay men born before the 1950s and 25 young gay men born after 1990 using a life course approach. The article highlights the sociohistorical and political changes shaping male identity, practice, and culture in colonial and postcolonial Hong Kong, and identifies responsibility and respectability as two key dimensions in the construction of Chinese masculinity. It argues that the two generations under study accomplish gay masculinities against changing Chinese masculine ideals and hetero/homonormativities sensitive to different social relations and institutions, as well as engage in constant negotiation with the dominant heteronormative life course and need to manage stigma. Drawing on the narratives of the participants from the two generations, the article examines continuity and change in the idealized and practiced forms of masculinity embedded in different institutions, thereby providing a nuanced understanding of the transformations of Chinese generational masculinities under broad social–historical changes.
I Love You Kid, But…: Intergenerational Soccer Fandom Conflict
Authors: Tamir Ilan
Published: July 2019

Although sports fandom is one of the broadest and most significant social phenomena in modern life, few studies have examined the sources of children’s sports fandom. The reason may be related to the presumption that the main source of a child’s fandom is his or her father. Indeed, literature has repeatedly stressed the role of the family, and specifically the father, in shaping children’s identification with sports teams, alongside other social and psychological factors. The current study examines the significance of the untypical cases in which a son does not follow his father’s path and chooses to support a different soccer team. As uncommon cases frequently highlight what is commonly taken for granted, the current study explores the deep meanings of a disruption in fandom legacy that fathers typically take for granted. Through in-depth interviews with fathers whose children support a soccer team other than their own, the current study identifies that such fandom choices of sons, impact fathers on four levels, namely family legacy, team heritage, masculinity, and religious identification. Intergenerational fandom conflicts between father and son highlight the powerful implications of fans’ connections to their respective teams, and the continuing role of gender-based expectations in the world of sports.
Cytokine Genetic Variants and Health-Related Quality of Life in Crohn’s Disease: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Knisely Mitchell R. , Conley Yvette P. , Szigethy Eva
Published: July 2019

Background:

Crohn’s disease (CD) is an inflammatory condition that has deleterious effects on patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors contribute to variability in HRQoL; however, the influence of genetic variations related to altered inflammatory responses in individuals with CD is unknown. This exploratory study compared HRQoL scores across genotypes of functional genetic polymorphisms in cytokine candidate genes among individuals with CD.

Method:

This study used data and blood samples collected in a parent study in 39 patients with CD aged 15−30 years. Participant reports of HRQoL were collected using the Shortened Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ). Genetic data were collected for 18 functional polymorphisms in eight cytokine candidate genes. SIBDQ scores were compared among genotypes using one-way, between-subjects analysis of variance.

Results:

SIBDQ scores differed across genotypes as follows: for IL-1R2 rs4141134 scores differed for total SIBDQ ( p = .004) and systemic ( p = .011), emotion ( p = .038), and social domains ( p = .025); for IL-10 rs1878672, scores differed for total SIBDQ ( p = .031) and social domain ( p = .008); for NFKB2 rs1056890, scores differed for social domain ( p = .041); for TNF-α rs1800629, scores differed for total SIBDQ ( p = .001) and bowel ( p = .026), systemic ( p = .014), and social domains ( p = .045).

Conclusions:

Findings on differences in SIBDQ scores across functional genetic polymorphisms in cytokine genes suggest potential mechanisms that contribute to variability in HRQoL in adolescents and young adults with CD.
Investigating the effect of inbound tourism on FDI: The importance of quantile estimations
Authors: Arain Hira , Han Liyan , Sharif Arshian , Meo Muhammad Saeed
Published: July 2019

The current study investigates the asymmetric effect of inbound tourism on foreign direct investment (FDI) in the world’s top tourist destinations based on monthly data for the period between 1995 and 2017. The quantile-on-quantile (QQ) approach introduced by Sim and Zhou was adopted for this study, because it assesses how various quantiles of inbound tourism affect different quantiles of FDI. Thus, the QQ approach gives a more detailed explanation of the general dependence of inbound tourism and FDI than traditional approaches, such as ordinary least squares or quantile regression. Further, the test of Granger causality in quantiles proposed by Troster et al. was also applied in this study to check the causal relationship between inbound tourism and FDI. The empirical outcomes explain that the relationship between inbound tourism and FDI is mostly positive for all countries except Mexico and Russia on low and middle quantiles, although there are significant differences throughout the nations and across all quantiles of inbound tourism and FDI.
Concurrent validity and reliability of telerehabilitation-based physiotherapy assessment of cervical spine in adults with non-specific neck pain
Authors: Mani Suresh , Sharma Shobha , Singh Devinder KA
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The aim of this study was to determine the concurrent validity and reliability of telerehabilitation (TR)-based evaluation of the cervical spine among adults with non-specific neck pain (NS-NP).

Methods

A total of 11 participants with NS-NP were recruited. Pain intensity, active range of motion (AROM), posture, deep neck flexor (DNF) endurance, combined neck movements and disability were measured using face-to-face and TR methods, with a one-hour break in between. TelePTsys, an image-based TR system, was used for TR assessment.

Results

A high degree of concurrent validity for pain (bias = 0.90), posture (bias = 0.96°), endurance (bias = –2.3 seconds), disability (bias = 0.10), AROM (extension bias = –0.60 cm, flexion bias = 1.2 cm, side flexion bias = –1.00, rotation bias = –0.30 cm) was found. Standard error of measurement and coefficient of variation (CV) values were within the acceptable level for concurrent validity, except the CV for cervical flexion and endurance. There was a high degree of reliability demonstrated for pain, posture, AROM, endurance and disability measurements. The average-measure interclass correlation coefficient (ICC(3,1)) ranged from 0.96 to 0.99 for inter-rater, and 0.93 to 0.99 for intra-rater reliabilities. There was moderate agreement for combination movement for validity (78.5%, p < 0.05), inter- (78.5%, p < 0.05) and intra-rater (76.4%, p < 0.05) reliabilities.

Discussion

TR-based physiotherapy assessment of cervical spine is a valid and reliable tool for measuring pain intensity, AROM, DNF muscle endurance, sagittal neck posture and disability among adults with NS-NP via telePTsys.
Tenuous blessings: The materiality of doubt in a Mongolian buddhist wealth calling ceremony
Authors: Abrahms-Kavunenko Saskia
Published: July 2019

The ritual vases or bumba that are involved in a secretive Buddhist ceremony in Mongolia highlight the theoretical potential of centralizing material objects which instantiate doubt in anthropological theory. The uncertainties around the contents of these ritual vases, depending on their origins, demonstrate how doubt reflects broader uncertainties and can be generative of religious practices and imaginaries. Bumbas are thought to instantiate great power if they are treated correctly and contain the right materials. If, however, the material contents are suspected of being inert or repellent, the owner risks being rendered foolish, and the ritual will have no efficacy. Materials instantiating unknown elements and causations can, through their presence, be a source of obfuscation, rather than clarification. This article highlights how the conjunction between uncertainty and material forms can reveal the interplay of certainty and doubt, which, rather than creating internal intelligibility, can constitute open cultural and ritual fields.
The Relationship between spatial arrangement and environmental temperature of residential areas in Xi’an
Authors: Zhen Meng , Hong Fenghuan , Zhou Dian
Published: July 2019

The urban heat island effect problem in Chinese cities is becoming a serious problem. How to reduce urban environmental temperature through urban design is a particularly important consideration. The air temperature in residential areas is a key indicator for evaluating outdoor thermal comfort. The purpose of this paper is to conduct environmental monitoring in residential areas in Xi’an, China. The relationship between air temperature and spatial arrangement patterns of residential areas was investigated. The study team conducted field monitoring in residential areas in Xi’an during the period from April to May 2019. A geographic information system model was established to analyse the data of 20 measuring locations, such as volume ratio, greening rate, sky visual factors and applied a multivariate linear regression equation to establish the relationship between environmental temperature and residential spatial form factors. The results have shown that a 20% increase in greening rate in urban residential areas in summer could have an impact on the environmental temperature of the area. The day-average temperature (Tavg-day), night-average temperature (Tavg-night) and overall average temperature (Tavg) of residential district’s outdoor environment were reduced by 0.08°C, 0.15°C and 0.13°C, respectively. The study can provide data support for reducing urban heat island effect and would provide a reference for future plan for cooling of residential areas of the same latitude in different parts of the world.
Experimental study of the effect of seepage on radon exhalation in circular tubular porous emanation media
Authors: Ye Yongjun , Wu Wenhao , Huang Chunhua , Kearfott Kimberlee J.
Published: July 2019

Radium, which is naturally present in many rocks, decays to the radioactive gas radon, which is then exhaled from the surface of underground tunnels and other underground buildings and is a major source of human exposure to radioactivity. A mathematical model for the migration of radon from a circular tubular emanation medium was established based on the seepage–diffusion migration theory for radon in porous emanation media, such as artificial retaining walls and the surrounding rocks in these locations. An analytical solution for the distribution of radon concentrations and the calculation formula for the radon exhalation rate under steady-state conditions were then obtained. An experimental device was designed to determine the radon exhalation rate under different pressure gradients. The theoretical calculation values for the radon exhalation rate and the total amount of radon exhalation are in good agreement with the experimental results. The radon exhalation rate at the low-pressure side increases with an increase in seepage velocity (pressure difference), while the radon exhalation rate at the high-pressure side is on the contrary. The total amount of radon exhalation increased over time with an increase in the seepage velocity and tended towards a maximum value.
Performance analysis and mixing ratio selection of mixed liquid desiccant for a dehumidification system
Authors: Jiang Xiaoqiang , He Huaming , Li Xingyou , Mao Huimin
Published: July 2019

Liquid-desiccant dehumidification system in building air-conditioning has high energy efficiency in comparison to traditional dehumidification technology that needs to cool air below the dew point temperature. Since the dehumidification process dominates the performance of a liquid-desiccant system, this study aims to develop a deeper understanding in the dehumidification performance of some liquid desiccants. Then, an experiment test was conducted to determine the CaCl2-LiCl mixed liquid-desiccant system in a dehumidification system. The effects of the pure and mixture liquid desiccant solution on the moisture removal rate, refrigerating capacity and dehumidification performance were compared and analysed. Results show that with the increase in the LiCl concentration, the dehumidification capacity and dehumidification coefficient first increased rapidly and then increased slowly after 30% LiCl concentration. According to the economic analysis of mixed salt solution, the mixed LiCl and CaCl2 solution with a mixing ratio of 3:1 would achieve the best optimal dehumidification efficiency and would incur a low system cost under the working conditions of a dry-bulb temperature at 26°C and a relative humidity of 60% of fresh and return air.
In favour of tobacco control? Former smokers’ support for tobacco policies
Authors: Sohlberg Tove
Published: July 2019

Background:

Tobacco control (TC) in Sweden is being continuously strengthened.

Aims:

The study aimed to examine attitudes towards different TC policies among former smokers, the difference between nicotine-free former smokers and those who use nicotine in the form of snus or nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs), and whether different TC strategies tend to become more acceptable over time.

Methods:

Respondents are part of a seven-year follow-up of former smokers in Sweden. Initially, 1400 respondents were contacted regarding participation and 705 answered a survey (response rate 50%). The present study used cross-sectional data on attitudes towards different TC policies and respondent’s level of support were measured on a 4-point scale. Analyses consist of percentage distribution of level of agreement, in total and between nicotine-free individuals and users of nicotine in the form of snus or NRTs, as well as logistic regressions in order to predict the odds for supporting the different policies. In addition, a percentage distribution of support for different policies introduced during different time-periods is shown.

Results:

There is an overall support for smoke-free environments. Nicotine users are, however, overall slightly more opposed, especially to policies aiming at denormalising smoking. Public support is important for successful implementation but resistance can pass, and interventions tend to become more acceptable over time.

Conclusion:

While smoke-free indoor environments can be justified by scientific evidence of harm to others, bans against smoking outdoors might be experienced as intrusive. Policies need to rest on scientific arguments and be seen as appropriate actions, underlining the importance of information for successful implementations.
‘It’s Twitter, a bear pit, not a debating society’: A qualitative analysis of contrasting attitudes towards social media blocklists
Authors: Wheatley Dawn , Vatnoey Eirik
Published: July 2019

This study of tweets ( n = 2247) explores discussions about a pro-choice blocklist (@Repeal_Shield) used during the 2018 Irish abortion referendum campaign, capturing conflicting interpretations of engagement and political participation. Although qualitative Twitter studies bring methodological challenges, deep readings were needed to analyse arguments in favour and against the blocklist, and to consider what we can learn about users’ expectations of Twitter. Through deductive and inductive coding, opposing perspectives emerge on whether such lists are useful, democratic or regressive, but both sides share normative aspirations for Twitter to serve as a space for healthy debate, even if there is clear tension in how that is best achieved. Blocklists are traditionally cited as a harassment solution, facilitating participation from otherwise-excluded counterpublics. However, @Repeal_Shield demonstrates how this affordance has evolved towards omitting broad spectrums of undesired content, while using blocklists – and being listed – can be a bold political statement in itself.