bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Total Physical Response (TPR) Method in Mastering Arabic Vocabulary
Authors: Nimas Aulia  , Rohmatun Lukluk Isnaini  , Agung Setiyawan
Published: March 2024

The lack of mastery in students' vocabulary greatly influences the objectives of learning Arabic, as students lack interest in following Arabic lessons, which are considered boring. This study aims to determine the Arabic vocabulary mastery of fifth grade students at the elementary school (SD) using the total physical response (TPR) method. The type of research used is quantitative research with an experimental research process. Data collection techniques used in the form of observation, interviews, and tests The data obtained showed that this study used normality test techniques, hypothesis testing, and one-sample t tests on Arabic vocabulary mastery. The sample in this study was 23 students in class V, using the pretest and posttest. The results of this study showed significant results: mastery of Arabic vocabulary before treatment was carried out using the total physical response (TPR) method obtained an average value of 69.35 with a standard deviation of 9.208. While the students' mastery of Arabic vocabulary improved after the total physical response (TPR) method was applied, the average value was 80.87, with a standard deviation of 10.407. There was an increase in Arabic vocabulary mastery after the total physical response (TPR) method was applied. So it can be concluded that the Total Physical Response (TPR) method is influential and suitable for increasing fifth grade students' mastery of Arabic vocabulary.
Abstrak
Faktor kurangnya penguasaan kosakata Arab siswa adalah kurangnya minat siswa dalam mengikuti pelajaran bahasa Arab yang dianggap membosankan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penguasaan kosakata bahasa Arab siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar dengan menggunakan metode Total Physical Response (TPR). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa tes, observasi, dan wawancara. Data kuantitatif penelitian diperoleh berdasarkan pretest dan posttest yang diuji normalitas, uji hipotesis dan uji one-sample t test terhadap penguasaan kosakata bahasa Arab. Sampel penelitian adalah siswa kelas V berjumlah 23 siswa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penguasaan kosakata bahasa Arab sebelum dilakukan treatment menggunakan metode TPR diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 69.35, dengan standar deviasi sebesar 9.208. Kemudian setelah diterapkan metode TPR nilai rata-rata siswa menjadi 80.87, dengan standar deviasi sebesar 10.407. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut terdapat peningkatan penguasaan kosakata bahasa Arab setelah diterapkanya metode TPR. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode TPR berpengaruh dan cocok digunakan untuk meningkatkan penguasaan kosakata bahasa Arab siswa SD.
Concept of Anti-Bullying Character Education Development through Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) in Elementary School
Authors: Uswatun Hasanah  , Sholeh  , Nidzom Muis
Published: March 2024

This study aims to determine the concept of anti-bullying character education development through the Pancasila Student Profile Enhancement Project (P5) at MI/SD. This research method uses library research (library research). Data collection techniques through data searches, related documents, books, articles and other documents. The data source consists of primary and secondary data. The results of this study show that the concept of developing a student profile can develop an anti-bullying character by adopting six main characteristics in the student profile: 1) belief and fear of the god of YME, as well as noble morality; 2) global self-righteousness; 3) gotong-royong; 4) self-sufficiency; 5) criticism; and 6) creativity. Through the development of anti-bullying character education based on the project of strengthening the profile of students Pancasila can prevent the occurrence of cases of bullying in schools so that the learning objectives are achieved, can improve the quality of self or moral, educational, and social elements in schools, the academic quality of students can qualify, and open up opportunities for self-development in a generation valuable to him, his family, community, nation, and country.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsep pengembangan pendidikan karakter anti-bullying melalui Proyek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5) di MI/SD. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Teknik pengumpulan data melalui pencarian data, dokumen terkait, buku, artikel, dan dokumen lainnya. Sumber data terdiri data primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsep pengembangan profil pelajar pancasila dapat mengembangkan karakter anti-bullying dengan mengadopsi enam karakteristik utama dalam profil pelajar pancasila yaitu: 1) beriman dan bertakwa kepada tuhan YME, serta berakhlak mulia; 2) berkebinekaan global; 3) gotong-royong; 4) mandiri; 5) bernalar kritis; dan 6) kreatif. Melalui pengembangan pendidikan karakter anti-bullying berdasarkan proyek penguatan profil pelajar pancasila dapat mencegah terjadinya kasus bullying di sekolah sehingga tujuan pembelajaran tercapai, dapat meningkatkan kualitas diri atau unsur moral, pendidikan dan sosial di sekolah, mutu akademik peserta didik dapat berkualitas, dan membuka peluang pengembangan diri menjadi generasi yang berharga bagi dirinya, keluarga, masyarakat, bangsa dan negara.
MAKING THE INVISIBLE VISIBLE: REVEALING DATA IN THE CITY
Authors: Barriga-Abril Xavier , Vivanco Jose Antonio , Rosas Cristina , Medina Xavier , Aulestia Ana , Basantes Andres
Published: March 2024

Hacer Visible lo Invisible (Making the Invisible Visible) is a project that observes cyclists' routes in the city and transforms this data into three-dimensional sculptures, which also serve as public bike repair stations. These objects not only enhance the public space and serve as necessary reference points for navigating the city, but also encourage cyclists to observe the movement of bicycles in Quito while fixing their own bike tires. The system consists of (i) a mobile application that records cyclists' circulation throughout the city, (ii) DIY bike counters embedded in public spaces, (iii) bike repair stations as sculptural landmarks, and (iv) a web terminal displaying real-time recreation of the city on a new map. Throughout this intervention, conventional and unconventional tools were employed for data collection (i.e., designed diaries, interviews, surveys, participant trajectory, and observation), and representation (i.e., multicriteria analysis, digital maps, and physical visualizations). This article aims to reflect on the development of a set of interfaces that invite contemplation, imagination, and the construction of a data-driven city based on the specific and collaborative contributions of its inhabitants.
ROLE OF CRAFTSMAN APPLIED TO ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION ANALYZED THROUGH THE CONCEPTS OF MIMESIS AND PHRONESIS: THE CASE OF DAU IV
Authors: Benavides Javier , Rodríguez María Lorena
Published: March 2024

Craftsmanship processes have been lost in the field of architecture due to a technophilic juncture. This situation leads to a lack of manual inputs inherent to the profession for practical application. Thus, the question arises: Is it necessary to return to artisanal practices as project inputs? This question prompts a rethinking of the methodology of the Architectural and Urban Design Workshop IV (DAU IV) at PUCE FADA, shifting towards an analysis of the cultural, vernacular and technical context. This initial section seeks to understand the reality of tectonic culture of the place through observation and experience. Subsequently, with the mimesis as a process of rationalization, the observational exercise is put into practice through exercises in material and tectonic exploration, with the aim of reclaiming the role of the artisan. Thus, the formation of the artisan lies in developing skills for mastery of the craft, phronesis, through direct experience in workshops and laboratories that involve the use of their senses for the understanding of different materials. The expected outcome is the direct application of this learning in the development of an academic architectural project.
CONFIRMING HEATING TRENDS OF NEAR-SURFACE OCEAN TEMPERATURES, 1988 TO 2022
Authors: EVANS GEORGE , SINGH AMARJIT
Published: March 2024

The issue of global warming captures the imagination of researchers and media people, as well as government leaders. It is in this light that a study was undertaken to discover the changes in ocean temperature off the coast of Hawaii for the years between 1988-1992 and 2018-2022. Data was collected of the top 100 m of the water column in what is known as the mixed layer, from a long-term study sponsored by the National Science Foundation, 100 km off the north coast of Oahu, Hawaii. The study is ongoing and is tasked to collect temperatures roughly once a month, through summer and winter. The scope is limited to this one location with the statistical belief that this comprehensive sample serves as a representative of the population comprising all oceans. If the oceans are warming, the continents should also scientifically be warming. The temperature data for every monthly reading along the entire column at every two meters is averaged for 1988-1992 and then for 2018-2022. The statistical difference between means is calculated and ascertained for 99.49% confidence. The result clearly shows that there is a statistically significant difference in ocean temperatures in the mixed layer over the past 30 years, thus proving beyond a reasonable doubt that ocean temperature increase is taking place.
CONSTRUCTION ANTICORRUPTION MEASURES: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Al-Bayati Ahmed Jalil , ALANAZY SALMAN
Published: March 2024

Corruption poses a significant ethical challenge within the construction sector, which is often characterized as one of the most susceptible industries to corrupt practices. Corruption has a substantial negative impact on the quality and effectiveness of construction projects. In an effort to address this issue, the authors conducted a comprehensive literature review to identify effective strategies for reducing corruption in the construction industry. Employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) framework, the researchers meticulously assessed 19 relevant peer-reviewed articles. The review yielded a set of six key measures that can be employed to mitigate corruption within construction workplaces. These measures encompass regulatory, administrative, compliance, promotional, investigative, and disciplinary strategies. Accordingly, the study provides a thorough explanation of these identified measures, offering valuable insights for construction practitioners and policymakers alike in their battle against corruption. Consequently, this research makes a substantial contribution to the field of construction engineering and management.
HEAVY CONSTRUCTION EARTHMOVING SIMULATION USING ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS
Authors: Ioannou Photios G.
Published: March 2024

Earthmoving for major civil engineering heavy construction works, such as dams, levees, or highways, has been a typical application area for construction simulation models. Missing from these models are the engineering calculations typically performed by heavy construction contractors based on the length, grade, and rolling resistance of the haul and return roads and the actual mechanical characteristics of the trucks that will haul the material. Detailed STROBOSCOPE simulations illustrate how to model the performance of heavy construction equipment by using engineering calculations as is usually performed in practice. Earthmoving for the construction of a dam illustrates how to model the loading and hauling of material based on the characteristics of the haul and return roads and the mechanical properties of actual models of loaders and trucks, such as bucket size, engine power, transmission efficiency, retarding power, etc. Sensitivity analysis investigates the total cost of truck combinations while considering the traffic effects of one or two bridges needed to cross a river along the haul route. This example can serve as a simulation model template to facilitate the wider acceptance of simulation in heavy construction practice.
THE FIRST FOUR WEEKS INITIATIVE: PREPARING STUDENTS FOR SUCCESS IN AN INTRODUCTORY CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT COURSE
Authors: Valdes-Vasquez Rodolfo , Ozbek Mehmet E.
Published: March 2024

Ensuring student engagement throughout their academic journey is crucial for their success. Monitoring early course performance and taking proactive measures can contribute to this engagement. This paper focuses on implementing the First Four Weeks (FFWs) initiative in a Construction Management (CM) course. The FFWs initiative aims to create a positive and inclusive classroom climate, ignite student interest in the subject matter, foster an effective learning environment, and prepare students to excel in high-stakes assignments. The course, where the FFWs initiative was implemented, serves as an introductory first-year course, providing students with fundamental knowledge of the construction industry, including career opportunities and essential skills for project planning and execution. The proactive measures outlined in the initiative include providing timely feedback, offering additional support, encouraging office-hour attendance, and connecting students with campus services. In particular, two strategies implemented in the course are highlighted in this paper because they have proven to enhance student performance in the course. The first strategy involves providing students with a performance and behavior checklist to establish expectations and encourage motivation. The second strategy consists of incorporating low-stakes assignments before the first midterm. Overall, the example strategies discussed in this paper aim to enhance student engagement, motivation, and early performance assessment, leading to a more fruitful learning experience. The FFWs initiative acknowledges the pivotal role of faculty members in supporting students' success and emphasizes the positive impact of intentional efforts in the early weeks of the semester.
REVALUATION OF THE CITY AND ITS RESOURCES: AN ACADEMIC METHODOLOGY FOR ADAPTATION TO CHANGES IN URBAN LAND
Authors: MEJIA GABRIELA
Published: March 2024

The architectural project is at the center of the design studios at Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador's School of Architecture. This teaching methodology integrates transversal tools that strengthen the concepts of social and technical sustainability. Therefore, the architectural project can be a way to learn, investigate and analyze potential solutions to problems found at various scales of the territory, from the neighborhood to the city. The current development of cities is focused on finding, through the architectural project, tools that can adapt to changes on urban land due to present and future development. This article presents a teaching methodology based on Project-Based Learning, which reflects on Quito’s public space, seeks to contribute to the knowledge of the city, to explore leading ways to good practices for teachers and future professionals and to contribute to that city’s urban renewal. The methodology presented here is divided into four moments (conceptual, analytical, strategic, and proactive) and three territorial scales (large, which entails a zonal analysis; medium, that leads to the analysis of the neighborhood; and small, which includes the analysis of the project’s site). This methodology allows for flexibility during the design process and triggers conversations around a more prosperous city which revalues its resources.
SDG LENS TO ASSESS INTERDISCIPLINARY SUSTAINABLE DESIGNS FOR INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS
Authors: Guerra Miguel Andrés Andrés , Velasquez Holbeein , Cervantes Estefanía
Published: March 2024

Interdisciplinary and sustainable solutions are the long-awaited response to the multifaceted problems of the contemporary world. Multiple investigations suggest that the interaction of the medley of disciplines promotes sustainability thanks to its solutions, since there is a direct relationship between the interdisciplinary level of the team and the impact that the proposed solution and its development will have. The qualitative approach of this article helps to better understand the importance of developing interdisciplinary teams in sustainable solutions that compete with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Two different sustainable design proposals are examined and compared. Both designs specifically address SDGs 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 17. The results allude to the fact that interdisciplinary designs promote and maximize sustainability in multiple SDGs through the same solutions, making it a more efficient design with a greater impact on society and the world. The significance of this research and the practice of it will focus on understanding the individual contributions of each disciplinary member and their different observations in their area of study.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A LOOK BACK TO THE FUTURE IN UNIVERSITY EDUCATION
Authors: Davis Michael Maks , Abbasi Mohsen , MELGAREJO HEREDIA RAFAEL , Ordóñez Camacho Diego Antonio
Published: March 2024

The year 2023 marked a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, but the education community was not necessarily prepared for the introduction and use of new software such as ChatGPT, Adobe Generative Fill, Stable Diffusion, and others. AI could be asked to write essays, plan project work, or simply keep students’ company through long hours of solitary study. The question remains, is AI the enemy educators should resist, a colleague that should be encouraged to facilitate student learning, or where is the space to be occupied somewhere between the two extremes? In this context, the research seeks to go beyond knowing whether and how students are using AI, to begin to understand why they use it as they have done throughout 2023. A semi-structured survey was carried out with the public including students and teachers from different faculties and disciplines from all around Ecuador, who had found AI coming into their professional. The insights from the survey will be compared between each other and with published material with bottom-up experiences that were felt at a student level. The impact will be that we will be able to assess where, how, and why we will operate over the coming years.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF RECYCLED PLASTIC ONE STORY HOUSES
Authors: Ramos José Adolfo , Sunley Sergio Alonso , Méndez de Hasbun Mary Patrice , Samayoa Julio Alfredo , Hasbun José Carlos
Published: March 2024

Recycling plastic materials may constitute a relief measure to the global plastic problem. Several companies are now producing recycled plastic for use as construction material in single-story houses. One commercially available layout involves assembling Recycled Plastic Lumber units in a running bond pattern, forming panels confined by horizontal and vertical tie elements joined through bolted steel plate connections. As production of houses is industrialized, the architectural layouts are standardized according to specific distribution and dimensions. This paper presents the findings of an experimental program aimed to characterize the seismic behavior and properties of a one-story house model. To facilitate practical application, the model is referred here as Architectural Standard Model (ASM). The objectives of the test campaign were to investigate the structural behavior of the constituting members and assemblies, and the response of structural walls to cyclic static lateral loads. Three natural scale wall specimens were tested in-plane and two out of plane. Results of natural scale cyclic loading tests demonstrated that structural system of the ASM can perform acceptably safely under high seismic loads if it is adequately fixed to the foundation. The results showed that out of plane loading was the critical pattern and behaved like a unidirectional plate that transmitted load to the columns. In plane observed behavior exhibited predominating rocking component, which suggests considering an evaluation of the system's response using dynamic methods.
ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS ON SIMÓN BOLÍVAR AVENUE
Authors: Díaz Fabían Patricio , Ortega Josué Daniel
Published: March 2024

Simón Bolívar Avenue, located in the city of Quito-Ecuador, has been identified as an area with a high rate of traffic accidents. To establish the main causes of traffic accidents, this study investigated a specific 15.4 km stretch extending from Guajaló to the Ruta Viva interchange on Simón Bolívar Avenue. The aim of the research is to analyze factors involved in traffic accidents and propose actions to mitigate them. To carry out the aim, data obtained from the Visor de Siniestralidad Nacional of the Agencia Nacional de Tránsito (ANT) on accidents occurring between 2019 and 2023 were compiled. These data made it possible to identify the most common causes of traffic accidents in this particular area. Upon knowing the reasons for these incidents, it was possible to determine the reasons that significantly influence traffic accidents on the avenue. Besides, an analysis was made of the critical points where most traffic accidents are concentrated. These critical points provided valuable information to generate and make proposals to reduce the accident rate and improve road safety. The implementation of these proposals and improvements can in turn contribute to reduce the accident rate and increase safety on the road section studied. Therefore, these findings will serve as a starting point to generate proposals to reduce the accident rate and improve road safety on Simón Bolívar Avenue and thus fulfill the aim of understanding the main causes of traffic accidents in order to mitigate the incidence of accidents in the area studied. Therefore, these findings will serve as a starting point to generate proposals to reduce the accident rate and improve road safety on Simón Bolívar Avenue and thus fulfill the aim of understanding the main causes of traffic accidents in order to mitigate the incidence of accidents in the area studied.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF CONCEPTS TO COMBINE BUILT HERITAGE PRESERVATION WITH ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL FIRE PROTECTION
Authors: Quapp Ulrike , HOLSCHEMACHER Klaus
Published: March 2024

Fire safety and built heritage preservation are significant topics in engineering and architecture. Meeting the requirements of both issues in a revaluation or reconstruction project often leads to conflicts that hardly can be resolved to the satisfaction of both interests. Thus, for example, on the one side, installation of fire exit signs or the placement of fire extinguishers affect the historical appearance of built heritage. On the other side, these installations are essential for fire safety. The authors inform about requirements from fire safety and built heritage preservation with a focus on German law. They discuss relevant recent research literature as well as rules and regulations. Furthermore, the authors analyze current court cases, focused on the conflict between organizational and technological fire safety installations and the historical appearance of built heritage. The conclusion is that organizational and technological fire protection installations may negatively affect the historical appearance of built heritage. Nevertheless, in acknowledging the importance of both issues for the society, solutions to balance these interests must and can be found.
THE USE OF FLY ASH AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR PORTLAND CEMENT IN HYDRAULIC CONCRETE
Authors: Bustillo Portillo Krizia Isabella , Martinez Carrillos Jurgen Estuardo , Pineda Canales Michael Job
Published: March 2024

The analysis of fly ash (FA) as a substitute for Portland cement aims to corroborate its influence on the compressive and flexural strength in hydraulic concrete. The aggregates used were characterized by ASTM standards and the concrete was designed according to ACI for a f’c of 4000 psi. Dosing with FA was used in mass substitution percentages from 10% to 30%. The results at 28 days in compression are 5360 psi without replacement, 3760 psi for 10% of mass replacement, 4770 psi with 15% of mass replacement, 3810 psi with 20% of mass replacement, 3820 psi with 25% of mass replacement and 2470 psi with 30% of mass replacement. The 28-day flexural results were 660 psi without replacement, 630 psi with 10% of mass replacement, 660 psi with 15% of mass replacement, 660 psi with 20% of mass replacement, 650 psi with 25% of mass replacement and 490 psi with 30% of mass replacement. Therefore, the use of FA as a substitute for Portland Cement Structural
REDUCING PLASTIC WASTE: A MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF PLASTIC SUBSTITUTION IN URBAN ROAD CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Ortiz Viñán Ana Paulina , Vásquez Monteros Carlos Javier , Escudero Villavicencio Carlos Alberto
Published: March 2024

The Municipality of Loja used asphalt mixtures with stone materials for local roads. This research focuses on analyzing the mechanical properties of these mixtures when part of the fine aggregates was replaced with reused and crushed PET plastic waste. The aim was to determine if the substitution of PET improved the physical-mechanical properties of the analyzed mixtures applying Marshall tests. The process consisted of carrying out an asphalt design following the specifications of the local Standard for Road Design Studies of Ecuador, replacing part of the fine aggregates with approximately 3mm plastic, in percentages of 1%, 3%, 5% and 10%. The samples were analyzed using the Marshall method, including base sample with 0% substitution and the samples prepared with PET substitution. The results indicated that the substitution of up to 3% of fine aggregate with crushed PET meet the requirements in terms of the physical-mechanical properties of the mixture. Specifically, an improvement in the stability and flow of the mixture were observed, along with good stiffness and compaction without cracking. In conclusion, the substitution of plastic in asphalt mixtures can be a viable production alternative to improve the mechanical properties of the mixtures, and could contribute to reduce plastic waste, thus reducing the carbon footprint.
IDENTIFICATION, ASSESSMENT, AND PROPOSAL OF MECHANICAL RISK CONTROLS IN URBAN ROAD REPAVING INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
Authors: Bucheli García Jorge , Hurtado Nicolas , Jaramillo Oscar , Cando Wilson , Albuja Endara Ricardo Valentino
Published: March 2024

This study aims to establish a comprehensive management of mechanical risks that may arise during the construction of infrastructure projects, specifically focusing on the process involved in urban road repaving. The case study selected is the "Repaving of General Rumiñahui Avenue between San Luis Avenue and Santa Clara Street, Quito, Ecuador". The objective is to mitigate various types of work-related accidents resulting from civil construction interventions. Mechanical risks are a significant concern in the construction industry, particularly in activities involving heavy machinery and specialized equipment. Like many other countries, Ecuador has construction-related labor regulations in place. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to identify, assess, and propose a system for controlling mechanical risks in the construction of repaving infrastructure projects to improve working conditions. The assessments of mechanical risks in urban repaving infrastructure projects will be analyzed using the "Colombian Technical Guide GTC 45" methodology. This quantitative and analytical approach applies current regulatory methods to define risk levels. The study will conclude by determining appropriate measures for labor control and the respective management of machinery and tools. These measures encompass preventive actions such as the use of personal protective equipment, appropriate signage, engineering controls, and worker training. Keywords: risk level, hazards, work accidents, sewerage, drinking water
OPTIMAL SINGLE-STORY STEEL BUILDINGS UNDER HIGH LOADS
Authors: Kravanja Stojan , Žula Tomaž , Kravanja Zdravko
Published: March 2024

This paper presents the parametric optimization of single-story steel buildings subjected to high loads. In the parametric study, high loads of snow and wind are determined for different altitudes up to 3000 meters above sea level. The Alpine region and the Eurocode 1 standard are considered. The discrete mixed-integer non-linear programming optimization is performed for different altitude alternatives. The optimization model for the steel structure is developed and used. The mass objective function of the structure is subjected to dimensioning and deflection constraints defined by the Eurocode standards. The modified outer-approximation and equality-relaxation algorithm is applied. The optimal results obtained include the minimal possible mass of the structure, the optimal topology, the steel sections and the steel grade. In the case of a medium-sized single-story steel building, it was found that the structural mass increases by 2.7 times and the number of main portal frames increases by 80 % when the altitude of the building site is increased from 500 to 3000 meters above sea level. The optimal results clearly show how the structural mass and cross-sections increase with increasing load.
LOAD-BEARING TIMBER DSF ELEMENTS INFLUENCE ON RACKING STABILITY OF MULTI-STOREY PREFABRICATED TIMBER BUILDINGS
Authors: Premrov Miroslav , Kozem Šilih Erika , Štrukelj Andrej
Published: March 2024

Application of double-skin façade (DSF) elements is an important approach in a designing process of contemporary multi-storey timber buildings. A double-skin facade is an envelope wall element that consists of two glass components separated by a cavity and can essentially improve building-physics properties of building envelope. In a sense to reduce global warming potential (GWP) an ecological solution with a timber frame is presented in this paper. Recently, many studies have analyzed thermal and acoustic performance of DSF elements, but practically none in a sense of structural behavior, especially in determination of racking resistance of such wall elements. Because costs of experiments performed on such full-scale DSF elements are very high and such experiments are also very time-consuming, a special mathematical model using a Finite Element Method (FEM) for analyzing the racking resistance and stiffness was further developed. Finally, a specially selected four-storey timber-framed building is subjected to a seismic analysis comparing the influence of the developed timber DSF elements on the overall racking behavior of that structure with non-resisting DSF function. It is demonstrated in the presented study on the selected case that the racking resistance (R) and a consequent seismic resistance of a whole building can be essentially improved if DSF elements are considered as lateral load-bearing wall elements. Consequently, such an approach by using DSF elements as additional bracing wall elements can essentially further increase a potential of designing also high-rise timber buildings with asymmetric position of transparent areas.
ONE-WAY SLABS IN TRANSITION BETWEEN ONE-WAY SHEAR AND PUNCHING: EXPERIMENTS AND RECENT INSIGHTS FOR EVALUATION
Authors: de Sousa Alex Micael Dantas , Lantsoght Eva Olivia Leontien , El Debs Mounir Khalil
Published: March 2024

Bridge deck slabs are members on which one-way reinforced concrete slabs are found frequently loaded by concentrated loads. Although the one-way shear failure mechanism has gathered more attention in the past years, both one-way shear and two-way shear mechanisms may be critical for such loading conditions. This paper addressed the ultimate capacity of thin one-way reinforced concrete slabs subjected to concentrated loads and yielding of the flexural reinforcement. In practice, the test setup studied was devised to represent short-span rural bridges frequently found in Brazil. The experimental program included 12 tests performed on 6 slabs applying the concentrated loads at varied positions. All tests started to fail by punching shear. Nevertheless, both one-way shear and punching shear cracks were observed at ultimate states after shear redistribution. The reinforcement yielding followed by excessive flexural cracking hampered the arching action activation for loads closer to the support. The comparison of experimental and calculated resistances using standard code-based expressions suggests that improvements in unitary shear capacity could be supported as a result of slabs' transverse load distribution capacity. Alternatively, increasing the effective shear width can help estimate one-way shear capacity for loads near to the support.
SUGARCANE BAGASSE ASH AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT FOR PRODUCING COMPRESSED STABILIZED EARTH BLOCKS
Authors: Bravo Santiago , Espinoza Felipe , Albuja-Sánchez Jorge , Anaguano-Marcillo Mariela , Morales Jonathan
Published: March 2024

The masonry blocks traditionally used in construction are associated with high energy consumption and significant emissions generation, placing a significant burden on the Earth's resources and alarming global warming and carbon footprint. For this reason, compressed stabilized earth blocks represent a satisfactory, lower-impact alternative to improve the physical and mechanical behavior of the soil mix. To achieve this, compressed stabilized soil blocks were developed using locally available sandy silt-type soil. This soil was stabilized using 12% GU-type cement and 3% sugarcane bagasse ash, a residue of the agroindustry with the highest production by weight in Ecuador, with a generation of 25 to 40 kg for each ton of bagasse incinerated. Blocks with dimensions of 13 cm x 6 cm x 5.5 cm were manufactured, compacted to optimum moisture content, and cured for 14 and 28 days. Finally, they were tested for compressive strength, flexural strength, and water absorption. The results obtained showed compliance with the requirements of various international standards.
Computational design and in vitro assay of lantadene-based novel inhibitors of NS3 protease of dengue virus
Authors: Mujwar Somdutt , Pal Jyoti , Sharma Manu , Tiwari Abhishek , Tiwari Varsha , Kumar Manish , Verma Shivani , Qurtam Ashraf Ahmed , Nasr Fahd A. , Al-Zharani Mohammed , Alhalmi Abdulsalam
Published: March 2024

Dengue virus (DENV) infection is one of the diseases for which no drug is available for the treatment. The DENV NS2B-NS3 protease is considered to be the prime target for anti-dengue drug development because of its importance in the development of new virus subunits via DENV poly-protein breakdown. Pentacyclic triterpenoids (Lantadenes) from the weed Lantana camara L. and its semi-synthetic congeners have shown a wide array of biological activities in the last two decades. The virtual screening strategy was used on the library of 78 natural and semi-synthetic lantadenes to predict the potent antagonists for the NS2B-NS3 protease enzyme of DENV and their experimental validation by in vitro assay of lead molecules. In the in silico analysis of 78 triterpenoids, two lead molecules (−10.60 and −9.93 kcal/mol) were predicted to be inhibitors of protease (viral) when compared to its reference ligand 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-dinitroanthraquinone (−5.377 kcal/mol). At the same time, binding affinity, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity profiling, along with molecular dynamics simulations, were studied. The in vitro viral infection inhibition assay inferred that lead molecule 62 exhibited a 60% and 45% reduction in DENV titers at 10 and 5 µM concentrations, respectively. The lead molecule 62 can further be optimized for its pharmacophore and has the potential to be developed as a drug-like molecule.
Machine translation as a form of feedback on L2 writing
Authors: Sasaki Miyuki , Mizumoto Atsushi , Matsuda Paul Kei
Published: March 2024

With advances in artificial intelligence (AI), many language teachers have started exploring the classroom implications of AI-powered technology, including machine translation (MT). To examine the usefulness of MT technology in writing instruction, we conducted a mixed-methods study comparing two types of written feedback: comprehensive direct Teacher Corrective Feedback (TCF), and MT feedback. Participants were 23 Japanese university students in an intact L2 writing classroom. Sample size adequacy was confirmed through a priori power analysis. Participants were instructed to describe a picture prompt in L2 English and then in L1 Japanese. Half the participants received first TCF then MT on their L2 English text, while the order was reversed for the other half. Participants in both conditions were then asked to study the feedback and describe the same picture prompt without the feedback. In the following phase, both groups completed the same tasks in reverse order. Participants also responded to a survey exploring their engagement with the feedback. Results reveal that: 1) TCF improved complexity; 2) MT improved accuracy and fluency; and 3) variation in outcomes may be explained by the different ways in which participants engaged with both TCF and MT. Implications for appropriate classroom use of MT are discussed.
A Water Resource Consumption Control Method for Energy Development Bases Based on IoT Technology and Energy–Water Correlation Law
Authors: Bai Dan , Li Jun , Wang Tao
Published: March 2024

To achieve the rational development and utilization of water resources in energy development bases and sustainable economic and social development, research is conducted on the control method of water resource consumption in energy development bases based on the law of energy–water correlation. Using Internet of Things technology to collect water resource consumption data from energy development bases, based on the results of data collection, taking Shanxi Coal Development Base as the research area, based on the objective relationship between energy and water, a multiregion input–output model and linear programming model are established, with objective functions and constraints set to achieve water resource consumption control in energy development bases. Under the dual constraint scenario of energy con-servation and water conservation, the optimization effect of the industrial structure of the water resource carrying capacity level in the research area is explored. The outcomes show that the water resource in the research area can bear 1,949.58 billion Yuan for 22.0336 million people. The water resources holding capacity is at the general level. Based on the limitations of energy consumption, raising the share of the mining sector and decreasing the share of the industrial and commercial service sectors can minimize the overall consumption of energy and water resources while ensuring the growth of the local economy. Reducing the extent of agricultural expansion supports both water conservation and regional economic growth because water resource consumption is constrained. A clear difference in the production and utilization effect of energy resource per unit will result from the direction difference in structural adjustment of the mining industry, which is based on the dual restrictions of energy–water resource.
Dimensional Accuracy of a Hole Diameter Produced by Material Extrusion
Authors: Bayraklilar M. Said
Published: March 2024

Three-dimensional printing technology has become one of the key areas of Industry 4.0, as it allows complex geometries to be produced on site without wasting material. However, there are still shortcomings in terms of product quality and cost. Because dimensional accuracy is one of the most important parameters for product quality, researchers are working to improve dimensional accuracy. However, most studies have focused on the dimensional accuracy of holes in the z-axis. Because additive manufacturing is a layer-by-layer manufacturing method, the dimensional accuracy of holes in the x- and y-axes will be very different from that of holes in the z-axis. In this study, the effect of printing parameters on the dimensional accuracy of holes of different diameters and axes produced by additive manufacturing from different materials was investigated. The Taguchi experimental design was used to avoid wastage of material and time. Analysis of variance was used to determine the most effective parameter, and the experimental results were estimated using artificial neural networks. Because of this study, it was concluded that it is not possible to find a single optimum parameter for holes with different axes and diameters. It was observed that as the hole diameter decreased, the heat generated during production affected the dimensional accuracy by heating the previous hole surfaces, and even small holes were not formed in some parameters.
Mechanical Behavior and Life Prediction of a Low Nickel/High Nitrogen Austenitic Steel under Pure Torsion, Uniaxial Tension-Compression, and Multiaxial Fatigue
Authors: Ngeru Timothy , Kurtulan Dzhem , Hanke Stefanie
Published: March 2024

Fatigue life prediction, crack growth, and propagation mechanisms are important details to consider for a structure to be used in service without fear of early failure. This is especially important for a new material for which very limited information is available. In this study, austenitic stainless steel P558 with low nickel content and high nitrogen content was subjected to fatigue testing at room temperature in multiaxial (static compression and cyclic torsion), pure torsion, and uniaxial tension-compression modes. The material generally depicts cyclic softening in the three loading conditions; although the multiaxial experiments experienced some initial hardening, those with a high shear stress and axial stress combination furthermore experienced a secondary hardening before softening. The Fatemi-Socie model predicts the pure torsion and multiaxial fatigue well but fails to predict fatigue lives for uniaxial tension-compression. On the other hand, the Smith-Watson-Topper model predicts fatigue lives for the uniaxial fatigue and pure torsion sufficiently but is poor in predicting fatigue lives for the multiaxial fatigue loading conditions. The cracking behavior was observed to be dependent on the loading condition and the strain amplitude with Mode II cracks or shear-oriented cracks observed for the high strain amplitudes (resulting in shorter lives) whereas Mode I cracks, or tensile-oriented cracks, were observed from low strain amplitudes (resulting in higher lives). A mixed mode was also observed for specimens in the midrange strain amplitudes, which exhibited a branching from shear to tensile cracks. The static compressive stress is believed to have a negative influence on the cracking behavior and the fatigue life by the rubbing of the crack surfaces, which in turn reduces the load-holding capability of the material. The same friction at the crack tip could also be the reason for the heating up of the specimens.
The Future of Public Scholarship
Authors: Bucar Liz
Published: March 2024

Reflecting on the contributions to this special issue and her own experiences with producing public scholarship, running an organization that provides training and mentoring for scholars interested in public scholarship (Sacred Writes), and advocating for ‘counting’ public engagement with the academy, Bucar offers practical ideas for how to create structural changes in the higher education to support this work.
Katri Ratia, Alternative Spirituality, Counterculture, and European Rainbow Gatherings: Pachamama, I’m Coming Home
Authors: Wildcroft Theo
Published: March 2024

Katri Ratia, Alternative Spirituality, Counterculture, and European Rainbow Gatherings: Pachamama, I’m Coming Home (Abingdon: Taylor & Francis, 2023), 294pp., £35.09 (ebk), ISBN: 978-1-003-33343-2
Inscribing Faith: Students’ Portrayal of Islamic Beliefs in Writing
Authors: Kurniawan Redite , Zulkarnain
Published: March 2024

This study explores the dynamic interplay between religious education and students' expressive writing, focusing on the diverse ways in which their faith is manifested in their written reflections. It examines the impact of Aqidah Akhlaq lessons on students' religious expression, taking into account the influence of the madrasah educational environment, individual differences, and societal factors. Data were collected from a cohort of 24 ninth-grade students at MTs. Integrated Ar-Roihan Lawang Malang, comprising both female and male participants, and analyzed to identify patterns of religious expression across two sample writing sessions. The findings highlight various dimensions of religious expression, including direct relationships with Allah, reflections on Islamic teachings, ethical values, and spiritual devotion. The influence of religious knowledge on expression is underscored, as students' understanding deepens and authenticates their faith-based articulations. The results indicate that religious education nurtures linguistic proficiency, thoughtful contemplation, and alignment with Islamic moral values. Future research directions are proposed to explore the impact of different educational contexts on religious expression in students' expressive writing.
Identification of Quality Characteristics of Autochthonous Karasüt Apple during Cold Storage
Authors: Ateş Umut , Korkmaz Murat , Öztürk Burhan , Hekimoğlu Can Alper , Ölçer Mehmet Ali
Published: March 2024

The main objective of the research was to assess weight loss, respiration rate, firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity and vitamin C content of the autochthonous Karasüt apple throughout cold storage. The ‘Granny Smith’ cultivar was used as positive control. The fruit was kept at a temperature of 0.0±0.5°C and relative humidity of 90±5%. Quality losses were observed in the apples during cold storage. The weight loss of Karasüt apple (6.70%) was higher than that of Granny Smith (2.20%) at the end of cold storage. A lower respiration rate was measured in the Karasüt apple (1.23 nmol CO2 kg-1 s-1), compared to the positive control (1.53 nmol CO2 kg-1 s-1) at harvest. On the contrary, the respiration rate was higher on days 30 and 60. The fruit firmness of Granny Smith (27.14 N) was higher than that of Karasüt (22.47 N) at the end of cold storage. During the cold storage, a higher SSC was obtained from Karasüt apple compared to the positive control. However, titratable acidity was lower in Karasüt apple. In the first two measurements of cold storage, the vitamin C of Karasüt apple was higher than that of the positive control. As a result, it was revealed that Karasüt apple had faster quality losses during cold storage than Granny Smith apple cultivar.
Advancing Dynamic-Time Warp Techniques for Correcting Eye Tracking Data in Reading Source Code
Authors: Al Madi Naser
Published: March 2024

Background: Automated eye tracking data correction algorithms such as Dynamic-Time Warp always made a trade-off between the ability to handle regressions (jumps back) and distortions (fixation drift). At the same time, eye movement in code reading is characterized by non-linearity and regressions.
Objective: In this paper, we present a family of hybrid algorithms that aim to handles both regressions and distortions with high accuracy.
Method: Through simulations with synthetic data we replicate known eye movement phenomena to assess our algorithms against Warp algorithm as a baseline. Furthermore, we utilize three real datasets to evaluate the algorithms in correcting data from reading source code and see if the proposed algorithms generalize to correcting data from reading natural language text.
Results: Our results demonstrate that most proposed algorithms match or outperform baseline warp in correcting both synthetic and real data. Also, we show the prevalence of regressions in reading source code.
Conclusion: Our results highlight our hybrid algorithms as an improvement to Dynamic-Time Warp in handling regressions with higher accuracy and better runtime.