bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Kasserine Archaeological Survey. 1987 [Institut national d'archéologie et d'art de Tunisie- University of Virginia, USA ]
Authors: Hitchner R. Bruce , Ellis Simon , Graham Alan , Mattingly David , Neuru Lucinda
Published: October 2011

In 1987 fieldwork was continued in Sector 1, approximately 17 kms south of Kasserine (ancient Cillium). A total of eighty-nine sites dating primarily to the first through sixt c. was recorded. These included settlements, tombs and cemeteries, and field and irrigation systems. Particularly noteworthy among the finds were the large agricultural production centers KS 223 and 225. These appear to have formed the center(s) of a large domain, subdivided into a series of smaller, probably tenant-run, parcels specializing in olive cultivation. As such, the organization of land and agricultural production in and around these sites bears strong similarities to the domain of Flavius Geminius Catullinus recorded in the Albertini Tablets. Analysis of the presses at both sites suggests that oil production in bumper years was in the range of 40-80,000 liters, a figure which, if accurate, indicates that oil production at large estates in the African hinterland may have exceeded both local market and imperial tax demands.
Prediction of off-Treatment Response to Lamivudine by Serum Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Quantification in Hepatitis B E Antigen-Negative Patients
Authors: Chan Henry L-Y , Wong Grace L-H , Chim Angel M-L , Chan Hoi-Yun , Chu Shirley H-T , Wong Vincent W-S
Published: October 2011

Background

The timing of antiviral therapy cessation in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative patients is controversial. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of HBV DNA and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) monitoring to predict off-treatment sustained response.

Methods

A total of 53 HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients who received lamivudine for 34 ±23 (range 12–76) months and had lamivudine stopped for 47 ±35 months were studied. Primary outcome was sustained response, defined as HBV DNA≤200 IU/ml, at 12 months post-treatment (SR-12).

Results

A total of 9 (17%) patients achieved SR-12. HBV DNA at baseline, month 6 and end of treatment had no association with SR-12. HBsAg levels tended to decrease more significantly during treatment among SR-12 responders. At the end of treatment, both HBsAg ≤2 log IU/ml and reduction by >1 log from baseline had sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for SR-12 of 78%, 96%, 78% and 96%, respectively. All 5 patients with HBsAg≤2 log IU/ml and reduction >1 log at the end of treatment achieved SR-12 and all 40 patients with HBsAg>2 log IU/ml and reduction ≤1 log did not have SR-12. The cumulative probability of sustained response and HBsAg clearance at 5 years among patients with HBsAg≤2 log IU/ml were 88% and 72%, respectively, that among patients with HBsAg reduction >1 log were 74% and 61%, respectively.

Conclusions

Monitoring of HBsAg level can guide the timing of stopping lamivudine in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B.
Un programa para la sociología de la filosofía
Authors: Moreno Pestaña José Luis
Published: October 2011

En este artículo se presentan, en primer lugar, los vínculos posibles entre la filosofía y las ciencias sociales, a partir de, por un lado, los modos de autocomprensión del trabajo filosófico y, por otro, los efectos de los recursos filosóficos en la vocación de científico social. Posteriormente, se analizan los modos de protección de la filosofía frente a la sociología. En tercer lugar, se estudia cómo la sociología permite mejorar la reflexividad filosófica a partir de una descripción densa de las jerarquías que organizan el espacio filosófico: la sociología de la filosofía aparece entonces no como un ataque a la filosofía sino como un incremento de la capacidad autocrítica del trabajo filosófico. En cuarto lugar y, para acabar, se exploran las redes filosóficas como criterio de comprensión de procesos de creatividad intelectual. el trabajo presenta en cada uno de sus momentos ejemplos concretos derivados fundamentalmente de la historia del pensamiento español y francés del siglo XX.
Movements of three large coastal predatory fishes in the northeast Atlantic: a preliminary telemetry study
Authors: Pita Pablo , Freire Juan
Published: October 2011

Labrus bergylta, Dicentrarchus labrax and Conger conger are common predators of northeast Atlantic coastal ecosystems and are studied here for the first time with ultrasonic telemetry in their natural environment. We demonstrate the viability of using this technology with these species and used movement information to obtain preliminary short-term results on site fidelity, diel activity patterns and home range sizes. Two complementary telemetry methods were used: manual and automatic tracking along a stretch of coast characterized by its high wave exposure (A Coruña, NW Spain). C. conger stayed in the area for the longest periods of time (17 days), occasionally leaving their refuges at dusk or during the night to search for food. Their home range was very small (604 m2). L. bergylta were not detected by the automatic receivers but the size of their home range (between 2874 and 5184 m2), shows that they are highly sedentary with very limited movements. D. labrax left the area for the longest periods (9 days) and were detected during both night and day. Their home range was the largest (up to 26396 m2), evidencing complex spatial behaviour on a large scale.
Platypus TCRμ Provides Insight into the Origins and Evolution of a Uniquely Mammalian TCR Locus
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Parra Zuly E. , Miller Robert D.
Published: October 2011

TCRμ is an unconventional TCR that was first discovered in marsupials and appears to be absent from placental mammals and nonmammals. In this study, we show that TCRμ is also present in the duckbill platypus, an egg-laying monotreme, consistent with TCRμ being ancient and present in the last common ancestor of all extant mammals. As in marsupials, platypus TCRμ is expressed in a form containing double V domains. These V domains more closely resemble Ab V than that of conventional TCR. Platypus TCRμ differs from its marsupial homolog by requiring two rounds of somatic DNA recombination to assemble both V exons and has a genomic organization resembling the likely ancestral form of the receptor genes. These results demonstrate that the ancestors of placental mammals would have had TCRμ but it has been lost from this lineage.
Prostaglandin I2 Promotes the Development of IL-17–Producing γδ T Cells That Associate with the Epithelium during Allergic Lung Inflammation
Authors: Jaffar Zeina , Ferrini Maria E. , Shaw Pamela K. , FitzGerald Garret A. , Roberts Kevan
Published: October 2011

γδ T cells rapidly produce cytokines and represent a first line of defense against microbes and other environmental insults at mucosal tissues and are thus thought to play a local immunoregulatory role. We show that allergic airway inflammation was associated with an increase in innate IL-17–producing γδ T (γδ-17) cells that expressed the αEβ7 integrin and were closely associated with the airway epithelium. Importantly, PGI2 and its receptor IP, which downregulated airway eosinophilic inflammation, promoted the emergence of these intraepithelial γδ-17 cells into the airways by enhancing IL-6 production by lung eosinophils and dendritic cells. Accordingly, a pronounced reduction of γδ-17 cells was observed in the thymus of naive mice lacking the PGI2 receptor IP, as well as in the lungs during allergic inflammation, implying a critical role for PGI2 in the programming of “natural” γδ-17 cells. Conversely, iloprost, a stable analog of PGI2, augmented IL-17 production by γδ T cells but significantly reduced airway inflammation. Together, these findings suggest that PGI2 plays a key immunoregulatory role by promoting the development of innate intraepithelial γδ-17 cells through an IL-6–dependent mechanism. By enhancing γδ-17 cell responses, stable analogs of PGI2 may be exploited in the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches.
On the Sum of Digits of Numerators of Bernoulli Numbers
Authors: Bérczes Attila , Luca Florian
Published: October 2011

Let b > 1 be an integer. We prove that for almost all n, the sum of the digits in base b of the numerator of the Bernoulli number B2n exceeds c log n, where c := c(b) > 0 is some constant depending on b.
Planning for the next influenza pandemic: Using the science and art of logistics
Authors: Cupp, PhD O. Shawn , Brad Brad G.
Published: October 2011

The complexities and challenges for healthcare providers and their efforts to provide fundamental basic items to meet the logistical demands of an influenza pandemic are discussed in this article.The supply chain, planning, and alternatives for inevitable shortages are some of the considerations associated with this emergency mass critical care situation.The planning process and support for such events are discussed in detail with several recommendations obtained from the literature and the experience from recent mass casualty incidents (MCIs). The first step in this planning process is the development of specific triage requirements during an influenza pandemic. The second step is identification of logistical resources required during such a pandemic, which are then analyzed within the proposed logistics science and art model for planning purposes. Resources highlighted within the model include allocation and use of work force, bed space, intensive care unit assets, ventilators, personal protective equipment, and oxygen. The third step is using the model to discuss in detail possible workarounds, suitable substitutes, and resource allocation. An examination is also made of the ethics surrounding palliative care within the construction of an MCI and the factors that will inevitably determine rationing and prioritizing of these critical assets to palliative care patients.
Unravelling airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in southern China using tree-rings of 100-yr old Pinus Kwangtungensis
Authors: Kuang Y. W. , Huang Z. H. , Wen D. Z. , Li J. , Huang L. B.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Reliable perennial biomonitoring of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is urgently necessary to detect long-term impacts of anthropogenic emission, in response to industrial policies and combustion technology adoption. One hundred records of airborne PAHs were novelly demonstrated by analyzing the tree-rings of Kwangtung pine (Pinus kwangtungensis) formed from 1883 to 2007 at Naling Mountains of southern China. The total concentrations of PAHs (∑PAHs) detected in the tree xylem did not progressively increase against the time. Temporal increase of high molecular-weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs) coincided well to the historical-socioeconomic status in China, suggesting HMW-PAHs in old trees growing at high mountains were more indicative of regionally historical changes in airborne PAHs compared with ∑PAHs. Compositional analysis indicated airborne PAHs absorbed and accumulated in tree tissues were pyrogenic origination. Principal component analysis revealed PAHs inputs were quite historically diversiform and unevenly distributed in the atmosphere of Nanling Mountains of southern China. Dendroanalysis of old trees grown at geographically sink locations could be a useful biomonitoring technique for unravelling historical changes in PAHs composition and intensity in the atmosphere, in relation to regional industrial development and fuel consumptions.
An eddy resolving tidal-driven model of the South China Sea assimilating along-track SLA data using the EnOI
Authors: Xie J. , Counillon F. , Zhu J. , Bertino L.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. The upper ocean circulation in the South China Sea (SCS) is driven by the Asian monsoon, the Kuroshio intrusion through the Luzon Strait, strong tidal currents, and a complex topography. Here, we demonstrate the benefit of assimilating along-track altimeter data into a nested configuration of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model that includes tides. Including tides in models is important because they interact with the main circulation. However, assimilation of altimetry data into a model including tides is challenging because tides and mesoscale features contribute to the elevation of ocean surface at different time scales and require different corrections. To address this issue, tides are filtered out of the model output and only the mesoscale variability is corrected with a computationally cheap data assimilation method: the Ensemble Optimal Interpolation (EnOI). This method uses a running selection of members to handle the seasonal variability and assimilates the track data asynchronously. The data assimilative system is tested for the period 1994–1995, during which time a large number of validation data are available. Data assimilation reduces the Root Mean Square Error of Sea Level Anomalies from 9.3 to 6.9 cm and improves the representation of the mesoscale features. With respect to the vertical temperature profiles, the data assimilation scheme reduces the errors quantitatively with an improvement at intermediate depth and deterioration at deeper depth. The comparison to surface drifters shows an improvement of surface current by approximately −9% in the Northern SCS and east of Vietnam. Results are improved compared to an assimilative system that does not include tides and a system that does not consider asynchronous assimilation.
New Antarctic stenothoids sensu lato (Amphipoda, Crustacea)
Authors: Krapp Traudl
Published: October 2011

Three stenothoid species are reported from recent Antarctic collections. Two of these are new to science (Prometopa cedrici sp. nov. and Antatelson claudei sp. nov.). A few character states of Antatelson walkeri are discussed. Keys are provided for Prometopa as well as for Antatelson.
L2–L∞ filtering for nonlinear stochastic systems
Authors: Wu Ai‐Guo , Liu Xiaona , Zhang Ying
Published: October 2011

A sufficient condition for a general nonlinear stochastic system to have L2−L∞ gain less than or equal to a prescribed positive number is established in terms of a certain Hamilton–Jacobi inequality (HJI). Based on this criterion, the existence of an L2−L∞ filter is given by a second‐order nonlinear HJI, and the filter matrices can be obtained by solving such an HJI.

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Estimating intermediate price transitions in online auctions
Authors: Ødegaard Fredrik , Puterman Martin L.
Published: October 2011

This paper discusses a statistical model regarding intermediate price transitions of online auctions. The objective was to characterize the stochastic process by which prices of online auctions evolve and to estimate conditional intermediate price transition probabilities given current price, elapsed auction time, number of competing auctions, and calendar time. Conditions to ensure monotone price transitions in the current price and number of competing auctions are discussed and empirically validated. In particular, we show that over discrete periods, the intermediate price transitions are increasing in the current price, decreasing in the number of ongoing auctions at a diminishing rate, and decreasing over time. These results provide managerial insight into the effect of how online auctions are released and overlap. The proposed model is based on the framework of generalized linear models using a zero‐inflated gamma distribution. Empirical analysis and parameter estimation is based on data from eBay auctions conducted by Dell. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: New Halogenated Phenylcoumarins as Tyrosinase Inhibitors.
Authors: Matos Maria Joao , Santana Lourdes , Uriarte Eugenio , Delogu Giovanna , Corda Marcella , Fadda Maria Benedetta , Era Benedetta , Fais Antonella
Published: October 2011

Coumarin derivatives (IV) and (VII) are synthesized by the Perkin reaction using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as dehydrating agent, followed by hydrolysis of the methoxyl groups.
Tetrasubstituted C‐Glycosylidenes and C‐Glycosyl Compounds from Di‐ and Monobromo‐Substituted exo‐Glycals
Authors: Thien Hoang‐Trang Tran , Novoa Alexandre , Pellegrini‐Moïse Nadia , Chrétien Françoise , Didierjean Claude , Chapleur Yves
Published: October 2011

Efficient methods for functionalization of readily available exo‐glycals have been developed. Sequential palladium‐catalysed cross‐coupling of dibromo‐substituted exo‐glycals was first explored and allowed the formation of new disubstituted exo‐glycals as single stereoisomers. Bromination of furano‐ and pyrano‐methoxycarbonyl‐exo‐glycals led to a new series of monobrominated derivatives. These vinylic bromides were used in carbon‐carbon bond formation through palladium‐catalysed reactions, leading to a new series of previously unknown exo‐glycals. Further chemical manipulation of the methoxycarbonyl functionalities and stereoselective hydrogenation of the exocyclic double bond led to C‐glycosyl compounds with high stereocontrol.
Hepatic mRNA, microRNA, and miR‐34a‐Target responses in mice after 28 days exposure to doses of benzo(a)pyrene that elicit DNA damage and mutation
Authors: Malik Amal I. , Williams Andrew , Lemieux Christine L. , White Paul A. , Yauk Carole L.
Published: October 2011

Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a mutagenic carcinogen that is ubiquitous in our environment. To better understand the toxic effects of BaP and to explore the relationship between toxicity and toxicogenomics profiles, we assessed global mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression in Muta™Mouse. Adult male mice were exposed by oral gavage to 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg/day BaP for 28 days. Liver tissue was collected 3 days following the last treatment. Initially, we established that exposure to BaP led to the formation of hepatic DNA adducts and mutations in the lacZ transgene of the Muta™Mouse. We then analyzed hepatic gene expression profiles. Microarray analysis of liver samples revealed 134 differentially expressed transcripts (adjusted P < 0.05; fold changes > 1.5). The mRNAs most affected were involved in xenobiotic metabolism, immune response, and the downstream targets of p53. In this study, we found a significant 2.0 and 3.6‐fold increase following exposure to 50 and 75 mg/kg/day BaP, respectively, relative to controls for miR‐34a. This miRNA is involved in p53 response. No other significant changes in miRNAs were observed. The protein levels of five experimentally confirmed miR‐34a targets were examined, and no major down‐regulation was present. The results suggest that liver miRNAs are largely unresponsive to BaP doses that cause both DNA adducts and mutations. In summary, the validated miRNA and mRNA expression profiles following 28 day BaP exposure reflect a DNA damage response and effects on the cell cycle, consistent with the observed increases in DNA adducts and mutations. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2012. © 2011 Crown in the right of Canada
Establishment of a novel human myeloid leukemia cell line, AMU‐AML1, carrying t(12;22)(p13;q11) without chimeric MN1‐TEL and with high expression of MN1
Authors: Gotou Mayuko , Hanamura Ichiro , Nagoshi Hisao , Wakabayashi Motohiro , Sakamoto Natsumi , Tsunekawa Norikazu , Horio Tomohiro , Goto Mineaki , Mizuno Shohei , Takahashi Miyuki , Suganuma Kazuto , Yamamoto Hidesuke , Hiramatsu Akihito , Watarai Masaya , Shikami Masato , Imamura Akira , Mihara Hidetsugu , Taki Tomohiko , Miwa Hiroshi , Taniwaki Masafumi , Nitta Masakazu
Published: October 2011

In this study, we established and analyzed a novel human myeloid leukemia cell line, AMU‐AML1, from a patient with acute myeloid leukemia with multilineage dysplasia before the initiation of chemotherapy. AMU‐AML1 cells were positive for CD13, CD33, CD117, and HLA‐DR by flow cytometry analysis and showed a single chromosomal abnormality, 46, XY, t(12;22)(p13;q11.2), by G‐banding and spectral karyotyping. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis indicated that the chromosomal breakpoint in band 12p13 was in the sequence from the 5′ untranslated region to intron 1 of TEL and that the chromosomal breakpoint in band 22q11 was in the 3′ untranslated region of MN1. The chimeric transcript and protein of MN1‐TEL could not be detected by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction or Western blot analysis. However, the MN1 gene was amplified to three copies detected by array comparative genomic hybridization analysis, and the expression levels of the MN1 transcript and protein were high in AMU‐AML1 cells when compared with other cell lines with t(12;22)(p13;q11‐12). Our data showed that AMU‐AML1 cells contain t(12;22)(p13;q11.2) without chimeric fusion of MN1 and TEL. The AMU‐AML1 cells gained MN1 copies and had high expression levels of MN1. Thus, the AMU‐AML1 cell line is useful for studying the biological consequences of t(12;22)(p13;q11.2) lacking chimeric MN1‐TEL. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid increases in parasitemia following red cell exchange for malaria
Authors: Watanaboonyongcharoen Phandee , Park Yara A. , Poisson Jessica L. , Brecher Mark E.
Published: October 2011

Exchange transfusion is frequently used as an adjunctive treatment of severe malaria, although the efficacy of exchange transfusion as therapy for severe malaria remains controversial. The major perceived benefit of exchange transfusion is the rapid reduction of parasite load. However, no previous report has shown the dynamic change in parasitemia shortly following an acute load reduction. We report a 20‐year‐female who developed cerebral malaria and 30% parasitemia after traveling to Africa. In addition to antimalarial treatment, red cell exchange (RCX) was begun emergently with an automated blood‐cell separator. Parasitemia dropped from 30 to 15% immediately after the procedure but rapidly increased to 25% after 50 min. The second procedure was performed 12 h after the first procedure. Her neurologic status returned to baseline on Day 2, and she was discharged on Day 6. Rapid increases in parasitemia can be observed after mechanical load reduction following RCX. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A finite strain Eulerian formulation for compressible and nearly incompressible hyperelasticity using high‐order B‐spline finite elements
Authors: Duddu Ravindra , Lavier Luc L. , Hughes Thomas J.R. , Calo Victor M.
Published: October 2011

We present a numerical formulation aimed at modeling the nonlinear response of elastic materials using large deformation continuum mechanics in three dimensions. This finite element formulation is based on the Eulerian description of motion and the transport of the deformation gradient. When modeling a nearly incompressible solid, the transport of the deformation gradient is decomposed into its isochoric part and the Jacobian determinant as independent fields. A homogeneous isotropic hyperelastic solid is assumed and B‐splines‐based finite elements are used for the spatial discretization. A variational multiscale residual‐based approach is employed to stabilize the transport equations. The performance of the scheme is explored for both compressible and nearly incompressible applications. The numerical results are in good agreement with theory illustrating the viability of the computational scheme. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using Games to Provide Interactive Perioperative Education
Authors: Carifa Linda , Janiszewski Goodin Heather
Published: October 2011

Perioperative nurses must use critical thinking and sound clinical judgment to meet their patients' needs safely and effectively. This requires the integration and continual updating of large amounts of detailed clinical information. Innovative education strategies are designed to make teaching and learning more interesting and interactive, especially for the presentation of complex subject material. One interactive educational strategy is the use of games. Educational games can foster collaboration and critical thinking among peers and associates. An example of this was the Perioperative QuizBowl: Evidence‐Based Practice presented at the annual AORN Congress from 2003 to 2010, which was used to teach and reinforce evidence‐based practice in a fun, competitive way. Although AORN no longer presents this offering, the QuizBowl format demonstrates how educational games can support clinical practice.
The Effectiveness and Cost of Passive Warming in Adult Ambulatory Surgery Patients
Authors: Jardeleza Agnes , Fleig Denise , Davis Nancy , Spreen‐Parker Randy
Published: October 2011

Hypothermia is a common problem for surgical patients and can result in many complications. Because few studies compare methods of passive warming, we used an unblinded, prospective, experimental, randomized design to compare the effectiveness of two passive methods of normothermia management in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). We assigned a total of 578 adult ambulatory surgery patients to either a control group that was given two folded, warmed cotton blankets or a treatment group that was given a warmed, unfolded cotton sheet and cotton blanket. We recorded patients' temperatures on their arrival in the PACU and at 30 minutes after arrival. The treatment group had temperatures that were significantly higher than those of the control group 30 minutes after arrival in the PACU, and the treatment group experienced a greater change in temperature from baseline measurements to those taken at 30 minutes. The treatment group also used fewer warmed blankets, resulting in cost savings for the PACU.
Transitioning the Older Adult in the Ambulatory Care Setting
Authors: Nelson Joan M. , Carrington Jane M.
Published: October 2011

Transitions between care settings are periods of vulnerability for patients. This is especially true for older adults, for whom comorbidities and functional impairments can increase the complexity of care and the need for multiple caregivers can compromise safety. Poor care transitions can result in costly hospital admissions. For this reason, leading health care organizations have initiated programs to improve the quality of transitions; however, to date, the ambulatory surgical setting has not been a focus of these initiatives. The ambulatory setting serves an increasingly complex patient population and provides the majority of elective surgeries, and adapting some of the transition tools that have been tested in other settings will benefit health care providers and patients in the ambulatory setting. Identifying periods of transition and risk, implementing electronic health records across all phases of patient care, and using evidence‐based tools at each transitional stage can optimize the quality and safety of patient care.
Preventing Perioperative Complications in the Patient With a High Body Mass Index
Authors: Graham Diane , Faggionato Ernestine , Timberlake Anne
Published: October 2011

Patients with a high body mass index (BMI) are being seen more frequently in perioperative settings, and staff members must be prepared to prevent complications (eg, difficult intubation, respiratory insufficiency, positioning injuries) that occur in this patient population as a result of comorbidities. After two sentinel events occurred during a six‐month period at a community hospital in northern California, a task force was created to examine issues related to the care of patients who are morbidly obese and to develop and implement policies and procedures to reduce the risk of adverse patient outcomes. Chart audit results confirm that the quality improvement project was successful; 92% of 50 charts showed inclusion of the BMI on the surgery schedule, and 94% showed inclusion of the BMI on the preoperative checklist. No positioning incidents or intubation emergencies have occurred in patients with a high BMI since January 1, 2009.
Clinical Issues—October 2011
Authors: Ogg Mary J.
Published: October 2011

This Month

Correct terminology for personnel involved in laser procedures

Key words: clinical laser operator, laser user, laser safety officer, laser safety specialist, laser assistant.

Safe use of carbon dioxide lasers

Key words: CO2 laser, nominal hazard zone, laser beam transmission, protective barrier.

Limiting traffic and personnel during invasive procedures

Key words: teaching facility, student, resident, intern, traffic control, surgical attire, telesurgery.

Differences between OSHA and NIOSH

Key words: Occupational Safety and Health Administration, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
Conflict 101: A Manager's Guide to Resolving Problems So Everyone Can Get Back to Work
Authors: Overman Susan
Published: October 2011

Conflict 101: A Manager's Guide to Resolving Problems So Everyone Can Get Back to Work Susan H. Shearouse 2011, AMACOM 272 pages, softcover
The Nurse's Communication Advantage: How Business Savvy Communication Can Advance Your Nursing Career
Authors: Kefer Stephanie
Published: October 2011

The Nurse's Communication Advantage: How Business Savvy Communication Can Advance Your Nursing Career Kathleen D. Pagana 2011, Sigma Theta Tau International 270 pages, softcover
Preoperative Skin Antisepsis of the Surgical Patient
Authors: Fortner Patricia A.
Published: October 2011

Preoperative Skin Antisepsis of the Surgical Patient Ciné‐Med, producer 2010, AORN, Inc CD‐ROM http://cine‐med.com/index.php?nav=nursing
Instrumentation for the Operating Room: A Photographic Manual
Authors: Philbrick Violet M.
Published: October 2011

Instrumentation for the Operating Room: A Photographic Manual Shirley M. Tighe 8th edition 2011, Elsevier Mosby 333 pages, spiral‐bound
Leading and Managing in Nursing
Authors: Beck Diana M.
Published: October 2011

Leading and Managing in Nursing Patricia S. Yoder‐Wise 5th edition 2011, Elsevier Mosby 672 pages, softcover
Oral Disease in Relation to Future Risk of Dementia and Cognitive Decline: Prospective Cohort Study Based on the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified-Release Controlled Evaluation (Advance) Trial
Authors: Batty G.-D. , Li Q. , Huxley R. , Zoungas S. , Taylor B.-A. , Neal B. , de Galan B. , Woodward M. , Harrap S.-B. , Colagiuri S. , Patel A. , Chalmers J.
Published: October 2011

Objective

Examine the association of oral disease with future dementia/cognitive decline in a cohort of people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

A total of 11,140 men and women aged 55–88 years at study induction with type 2 diabetes participated in a baseline medical examination when they reported the number of natural teeth and days of bleeding gums. Dementia and cognitive decline were ascertained periodically during a 5-year follow-up.

Results

Relative to the group with the greatest number of teeth (more than or equal to 22), having no teeth was associated with the highest risk of both dementia (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval: 1.48; 1.24, 1.78) and cognitive decline (1.39; 1.21, 1.59). Number of days of bleeding gums was unrelated to these outcomes.

Conclusions

Tooth loss was associated with an increased risk of both dementia and cognitive decline.
Hydrogen, metals, bifurcating electrons, and proton gradients: The early evolution of biological energy conservation
Authors: Martin William F.
Published: October 2011

Life is a persistent, self‐specified set of far from equilibrium chemical reactions. In modern microbes, core carbon and energy metabolism are what keep cells alive. In very early chemical evolution, the forerunners of carbon and energy metabolism were the processes of generating reduced carbon compounds from CO2 and the mechanisms of harnessing energy as compounds capable of doing some chemical work. The process of serpentinization at alkaline hydrothermal vents holds promise as a model for the origin of early reducing power, because Fe2+ in the Earth's crust reduces water to H2 and inorganic carbon to methane. The overall geochemical process of serpentinization is similar to the biochemical process of methanogenesis, and methanogenesis is similar to acetogenesis in that both physiologies allow energy conservation from the reduction of CO2 with electrons from H2. Electron bifurcation is a newly recognized cytosolic process that anaerobes use generate low potential electrons, it plays an important role in some forms of methanogenesis and, via speculation, possibly in acetogenesis. Electron bifurcation likely figures into the early evolution of biological energy conservation.
An Account of the Present State of the Island of Puerto Rico
Authors: Flinter George D.
Published: October 2011

George Dawson Flinter (d. 1838) served in the British army, before working for the Spanish crown. In both capacities he spent time in the West Indies, and was well placed to write about the region, and compare the different colonies. He published a report on slavery in Puerto Rico in Spanish in 1832, and this more wide-ranging report on the island in English in 1834. Addressed to the King of Spain, the work shows considerable bias in his flattering interpretation of Spanish policies towards Puerto Rico, and he downplays the degree to which the colony was involved in the slave trade. His description of the island and its natural resources makes it seem like a paradise, as Spain was trying to encourage further settlement. But he provides a good picture of the way of life of the different social and racial groups of inhabitants, and much detail about trade.
Mesmerism and Christian Science
Authors: Podmore Frank
Published: October 2011

For most of his life a clerk in the post office, Frank Podmore (1856–1910) was a prolific author on psychical research. As an undergraduate Podmore became interested in spiritualism, and he joined the British National Association of Spiritualists. Eventually disillusioned by that society, Podmore co-founded several organisations: the Progressive Association (in 1882); the Fellowship of the New Life (1883); and, spurred by his desire to see political change, the Fabian Society (1884). Podmore's membership in the Society for Psychical Research influenced his activities and interests, and he spent the next twenty years investigating and writing on psychical phenomena. Podmore's two-volume Modern Spiritualism (also reissued in this series) is a source for this 1909 work, which 'constituted the most scholarly history of mesmerism and its offshoots to that date', according to one reviewer. This work will interest historians of science and medicine, and scholars of Victorian religious movements.
Auditory and optic neuropathy in Kjer's disease: case report
Authors: Haaksma-Schaafsma S C , van Dijk P , Dikkers F G
Published: October 2011

Objective:

Description of a female patient with diagnosed Kjer's disease and sensorineural hearing loss, who specifically complained of a progressive inability to understand speech in noisy situations.

Design:

Case report.

Subject:

A 30-year-old, Caucasian woman with Kjer's disease.

Results:

Audiological assessment showed low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss and a disproportionate deterioration in speech discrimination. This inconsistency gave rise to suspicion of possible aggravation. Follow-up testing showed that brainstem responses were absent, while clear otoacoustic emissions and cochlear microphonics were present. Hearing aids were fitted but no improvement was shown.

Conclusion:

This case shows a combination of auditory neuropathy and Kjer's optic neuropathy. It also illustrates that the combination of unexplained hearing loss and apparently inconsistent audiometric outcomes may be associated with auditory neuropathy. Such unexpected hearing evaluation outcomes may be due to other neurological conditions, such as Kjer's disease.
In-situ observation of 〈110〉 oriented Ge nanowire growth and associated collector droplet behavior
Authors: Kolíbal Miroslav , Vystavěl Tomáš , Novák Libor , Mach Jindřich , Šikola Tomáš
Published: October 2011

Using in-situ microscopy, we show that germanium nanowires can be grown by a vapor-liquid-solid process in 〈110〉 directions both on Ge(100) and Ge(111) substrates if very low supersaturation in the collector droplet is ensured. This can be provided if thermal evaporation is utilized. Such a behavior is also in agreement with earlier chemical vapor deposition experiments, where 〈110〉 oriented wires were obtained for very small wire diameters only. Our conclusions are supported by in-situ observations of nanowire kinking towards 〈111〉 direction occurring more frequently at higher evaporation rates.
Are Valuations from Nonhypothetical Choice Experiments Different from Those of Experimental Auctions?
Authors: Gracia Azucena , Loureiro Maria L. , Nayga Rodolfo M.
Published: October 2011

Due to the importance of comparability and external validity of results, nonhypothetical experimental methods are increasingly used to elicit consumers’ willingness to pay for various goods. Two of the increasingly popular preference elicitation methods are the nonhypothetical choice experiments and experimental auctions. We conduct experiments to compare willingness to pay estimates elicited from both methods. Our results generally suggest that valuations elicited from experimental auctions can differ from those obtained from nonhypothetical choice experiments.
Translational coregulation of 5′TOP mRNAs by TIA-1 and TIAR
Authors: Damgaard Christian Kroun , Lykke-Andersen Jens
Published: October 2011

The response of cells to changes in their environment often requires coregulation of gene networks, but little is known about how this can occur at the post-transcriptional level. An important example of post-transcriptional coregulation is the selective translational regulation in response to growth conditions of mammalian mRNAs that encode protein biosynthesis factors and contain hallmark 5′-terminal oligopyrimidine tracts (5′TOP). However, the responsible trans-factors and the mechanism by which they coregulate 5′TOP mRNAs have remained elusive. Here we identify stress granule-associated TIA-1 and TIAR proteins as key factors in human 5′TOP mRNA regulation, which upon amino acid starvation assemble onto the 5′ end of 5′TOP mRNAs and arrest translation at the initiation step, as evidenced by TIA-1/TIAR-dependent 5′TOP mRNA translation repression, polysome release, and accumulation in stress granules. This requires starvation-mediated activation of the GCN2 (general control nonderepressible 2) kinase and inactivation of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation to the long-standing question of how the network of 5′TOP mRNAs are coregulated according to amino acid availability, thereby allowing redirection of limited resources to mount a nutrient deprivation response. This presents a fundamental example of how a group of mRNAs can be translationally coregulated in response to changes in the cellular environment.
A Self-Quenched Defect Glass in a Colloid-Nematic Liquid Crystal Composite
Authors: Wood T. A. , Lintuvuori J. S. , Schofield A. B. , Marenduzzo D. , Poon W. C. K.
Published: October 2011

A high concentration of colloidal particles stabilizes a defect network in a liquid crystal and creates a gel-like material.
Gene Therapists Celebrate a Decade of Progress
Authors: Kaiser Jocelyn
Published: October 2011

Researchers reported at a meeting last week that they may have reached a prized goal in gene therapy: lowering the risk of uncontrolled bleeding in patients with hemophilia.
Virus-Host Coevolution in a Persistently Coxsackievirus B3-Infected Cardiomyocyte Cell Line
Authors: Pinkert Sandra , Klingel Karin , Lindig Vanessa , Dörner Andrea , Zeichhardt Heinz , Spiller O. Brad , Fechner Henry
Published: October 2011

Coevolution of virus and host is a process that emerges in persistent virus infections. Here we studied the coevolutionary development of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and cardiac myocytes representing the major target cells of CVB3 in the heart in a newly established persistently CVB3-infected murine cardiac myocyte cell line, HL-1
CVB3
. CVB3 persistence in HL-1
CVB3
cells represented a typical carrier-state infection with high levels (10
6
to 10
8
PFU/ml) of infectious virus produced from only a small proportion (approximately 10%) of infected cells. CVB3 persistence was characterized by the evolution of a CVB3 variant (CVB3-HL1) that displayed strongly increased cytotoxicity in the naive HL-1 cell line and showed increased replication rates in cultured primary cardiac myocytes of mouse, rat, and naive HL-1 cells
in vitro
, whereas it was unable to establish murine cardiac infection
in vivo
. Resistance of HL-1
CVB3
cells to CVB3-HL1 was associated with reduction of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) expression. Decreasing host cell CAR expression was partially overcome by the CVB3-HL1 variant through CAR-independent entry into resistant cells. Moreover, CVB3-HL1 conserved the ability to infect cells via CAR. The employment of a soluble CAR variant resulted in the complete cure of HL-1
CVB3
cells with respect to the adapted virus. In conclusion, this is the first report of a CVB3 carrier-state infection in a cardiomyocyte cell line, revealing natural coevolution of CAR downregulation with CAR-independent viral entry in resistant host cells as an important mechanism of induction of CVB3 persistence.
Older people presenting to the emergency department after a fall: a population with substantial recurrent healthcare use
Authors: Close Jacqueline C T , Lord Stephen R , Antonova Evgeniya (Jenya) , Martin Monique , Lensberg Benedikte , Taylor Morag , Hallen Jamie , Kelly Ann
Published: October 2011

Objectives

To document patient characteristics, care pathways, healthcare use and costs of fall-related emergency department (ED) presentations by older adults.

Participants and methods

All fallers aged ≥70 years, presenting to the ED of a 450-bed metropolitan university hospital in Sydney, Australia (1 April 2007 through 31 March 2009) were studied. Data were collected from the ED electronic information system, ED clinical records and the hospital electronic information system database. Population estimates for 2008 for the local areas served by the hospital were used to estimate ED presentation rates.

Results

Of 18 902 all-cause ED presentations, 3220 (17.0%) were due to a fall. Among fallers, 35.4% had one or more ED presentations and 20.3% had had one or more hospital admissions in the preceding 12 months. Fall-related ED presentation led directly to hospital admission in 42.7% of the cases, the majority of which (78.0%) received acute care only (length of stay—14.4 days for men and 13.7 days for women) and the remaining cases underwent further inpatient rehabilitation (length of stay 35.6 days for men and 30.1 days for women). After hospitalisation, 9.5% of patients became first-time residents of long-term care facilities. All fall-related ED presentations and hospitalisations cost a total of A$11 241 387 over the study period.

Conclusions

Older fallers presenting to the ED consume significant healthcare resources and are an easily identifiable high-risk population. They may benefit from systematic fall-risk assessment and tailored fall-prevention interventions.
Current use of early warning scores in UK emergency departments
Authors: Griffiths James R , Kidney Elizabeth M
Published: October 2011

Background

There is recent evidence that the modified early warning scoring systems (MEWS) in the emergency department (ED) can identify patients at risk of deterioration. However, concerns remain that they are not sensitive enough to use as a risk assessment tool.

Objective

To assess use of MEWS in UK EDs.

Methods

A postal survey was undertaken of 254 adult EDs within the UK. Questionnaires were sent to the clinical lead at each department about their use of early warning scoring systems.

Results

Responses were received from 145 departments giving a response rate of 57%. 87% of respondents are currently using early warning scores (EWS). Of those, 80% are using MEWS. In 71% high EWS results in senior ED review, however in 25% it does not. Less than half of departments use high MEWS to trigger critical care input. 93% of respondents support using EWS in the ED.

Conclusion

Despite the lack of strong evidence, the majority of UK EDs are using EWS in some form. MEWS is the most commonly used but departments vary on their use of EWS for senior ED and/or critical care review. Over 90% of respondents in this survey support EWS in the ED.
Palliative care for patients who died in emergency departments: analysis of a multicentre cross-sectional survey
Authors: Van Tricht Myriam , Riochet David , Batard Eric , Martinage Arnaud , Montassier Emmanuel , Potel Gilles , Le Conte Philippe
Published: October 2011

Objectives

A growing number of patients die each year in hospital emergency departments (EDs). Decisions to withhold or to withdraw life-support therapies occur in 80% of patients as described in a multicentre cross-sectional survey including 2420 patients. Palliative care has not been explored in patients dying in this setting. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of palliative care and to describe this population.

Methods

The authors conducted a post-hoc analysis on a cohort of 2420 patients who died in 174 French and Belgian EDs. The authors identified patients who benefited from palliative care and described this population and the palliative care.

Results

Palliative therapies were administered to 1373 patients (56.7%). These therapies included administration of analgesics, sedation, mouth care, repositioning for comfort (as appropriate) and provision of emotional support to the patient and his/her relatives. These palliative measures were provided more frequently in the observation unit of the ED (n=908, 66.2%) than in an examination room (n=465, 33.8%). Median time interval between ED admission and death was longer in patients who received palliative care (n=1373) (median, 15 h; first quartile, 6 h; third quartile, 34 h) than in those who did not (n=1047) (median, 4 h; first quartile, 1 h; third quartile, 10 h) (p<10−4).

Conclusions

Palliative care is administered to about half of the patients who die in EDs. This is insufficient as the majority of the patients who died in EDs actually died after a decision to withhold or withdraw life-support therapies. End-of-life management must be improved in EDs.
Egg freezing for non-medical uses: the lack of a relational approach to autonomy in the new Israeli policy and in academic discussion
Authors: Shkedi-Rafid Shiri , Hashiloni-Dolev Yael
Published: October 2011

Recently, the Israel National Bioethics Council (INBC) issued recommendations permitting egg freezing to prevent both disease- and age-related fertility decline. The INBC report forms the basis of Israel's new policy, being one of the first countries to regulate and authorise egg freezing for what it considers to be non-medical (ie, social) uses. The ethical discussion in the INBC report is reviewed and compared with the scant ethical discourse in the academic literature on egg freezing as a means of preventing age-related loss of fertility. We argue that both the INBC recommendations and the bioethical academic discourse on egg freezing are grounded in liberal ideology, which views technology as primarily enabling. Accordingly, they promote ‘individual autonomy’ as exercised through informed consent. Our study suggests that a relational approach to autonomy may be a more suitable model for considering women's choices about egg freezing.