bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-Dimensional Religiosity and Volunteering in Contemporary Taiwan
Authors: Terazawa Shigenori
Published: August 2015

While most of the existing research on religion and volunteering has been conducted in Western, predominantly Christian settings, how religion and volunteering are related in non-Western, non-Christian societies have not yet been sufficiently studied. Recently more and more researchers are becoming more interested in religion and volunteering in Taiwan and are conducting case studies on the Tzu Chi Association. However, the relationship between multi-dimensional religiosity and volunteering in Taiwan has not yet been examined. This study attempts to contribute to this literature by analysing one of the most extensive sampling surveys in Taiwan. I found that (1) various kinds of religiosity in Taiwan, other than belonging to Buddhist organisations, have different effects on both religious and secular volunteering; (2) religious volunteering and secular volunteering were different with respect to their correlation with multi-dimensional religiosity; (3) religious participation is a significant factor in promoting respondent’s religious volunteering but it is not a significant factor on respondent’s secular volunteering; (4) some religiosities, such as belief in spirits and karmic charity, are negative determinants of volunteering; and (5) spiritual behaviour is a significant and positive determinant of both religious volunteering and secular volunteering. In addition, the implications and future research directions are discussed.
The Moral Repertoires Behind Social Citizenship
Authors: Humpage Louise
Published: August 2015

Dean (2004)’s taxonomy of moral repertoires explains contradictory and complex responses to questions about social citizenship in Britain. But are the moral repertoires identified in Britain relevant to other English-speaking ‘liberal’ welfare states? Analysis of interview and focus group data finds the taxonomy is useful for exploring ambivalent attitudes towards social citizenship in New Zealand, where popular discourse regarding responsibility and conditionality is more flexible and varied than that promoted by political elites. Responses do not always fall neatly within Dean’s (2004) taxonomy and context does matter in some cases, but the New Zealand findings largely support his view that popular discourse’s complexity and contradictions offer a space for galvanising social citizenship.
Crisis Management and the Institutions of Austerity: A Comparison of Latin American and Greek Experiences
Authors: Panageotou Steven , Shefner Jon
Published: August 2015

The proliferation of debt crises around the world since the 1980’s has generated debt-repayment negotiations prioritizing austerity in debtor countries. This forty-year history of debt crises in the Global South and North now allows comparison of these negotiations and their impacts. We examine the distinct and historically specific trajectories in Latin American and Greece, highlighting the foundations of each experience of debt crisis. We focus on the institutions responsible for managing crisis and their reliance on similar austerity strategies to compel debtor countries into a neoliberal restructuring of their economies. This paper examines the similarities and differences in austerity policy through a comparative-historical analysis of Latin American and Greek experiences of debt crisis. The results of such policies and the political actors involved in implementing austerity are also examined.
Symposium on Larry Temkin’s Rethinking the Good: Moral Ideals and the Nature of Practical Reasoning
Authors: Temkin Larry S.
Published: August 2015

This article gives a brief overview of Rethinking the Good, whose impossibility arguments illuminate the difficulty of arriving at a coherent theory of the good. I show that an additive-aggregationistprinciple is plausible for some comparisons, while an anti- additive-aggregationistprinciple is plausible for others. Invoking SpectrumArguments, I show that these principles are incompatible with an empirical premise, and various Axioms of Transitivity. I argue that whether the “all-things-considered better than” relation is transitive is not a matter of language or logic, but the nature of moral ideals. If an Internal Aspects View holds, then many standard assumptions about rationality follow, including the Axioms of Transitivity, but not if an Essentially Comparative View holds. Yet many important ideals are essentially comparative. My results have important implications for the normative significance of economics, and require substantial revision in our understanding of the good, moral ideals, and the nature of practical reasoning.
Rethinking the Person-Affecting Principle
Authors: Ross Jacob
Published: August 2015

In Rethinking the Good, Larry Temkin argues for a principle that he calls the Narrow Person-Affecting View. In its simplest formulation, this principle states that a first outcome can be better than a second outcome only if there is someone who fares better in the first outcome than in the second. Temkin argues that this kind of principle gives us reason to reject the Transitivity Thesis, according to which, if A is better than B, and B is better than C, then A must be better than C. In this paper, I argue that the various formulations which Temkin has offered of the Narrow Person-Affecting View all face serious problems. I then propose an alternative view that captures the spirit of Temkin’s formulations while avoiding their difficulties. I conclude by arguing that, even if we accept such a person-affecting view, we needn’t reject the Transitivity Thesis.
Is Our Group An Agent? Do We Want It To Be?
Authors: Jensen Mark N.
Published: August 2015

Christian List and Philip Pettit’s new book, Group Agency: The Possibility, Design, and Status of Corporate Agents, is an interesting, timely, and extremely clever synthesis of the deliverances of their recent technical work on the philosophical, moral and legal nature of group agents. Their meticulously developed ideal group agent provides an excellent starting point for analytic reflection on group agency, identity, epistemology, and responsibility. Insofar as it is their intent for their account to have real world consequences, their model provides a template for political associations, businesses, and civil society organizations. This review essay explains List and Pettit’s model and then points out two unattractive features. First, a bird’s eye view of the conditions required to achieve ideal group agency reveals limitations that may make it impossible to realize. Second, some of these groups, especially businesses and civil society organizations, will find the model unattractive, limiting its real world applicability.
Places of Worship
Authors: Villaroman Noel
Published: August 2015

The present paper analyzes the substance of the right to establish and maintain places of worship in order to reveal the elements that make up its conceptual core. First, the process of international standard-setting in human rights is explained, in particular the important contribution of the un Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief to standard-setting. Second, the paper summarizes the outcomes of the standard-setting activities of the un Human Rights Committee and of the Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief with respect to places of worship. The analysis demonstrates the significance of the right to establish and maintain places of worship − a key religious freedom norm which aims to ensure that the structural requirement of religious freedom is adequately met.
A new Disporopsis (Asparagaceae) transferred from Polygonatum
Authors: Floden Aaron Jennings
Published: August 2015

The recent description of a Disporopsis Hance (1883: 278) (Asparagaceae), D. fansipanensis J.M.H.Shaw, B.Wynn-Jones & V.D.Nguyen in Shaw (2013: 27), from Vietnam and adjacent SW China is a superfluous name for a species that has long resided as a synonym of D. pernyi (Hua 1892: 472) Diels (1900: 249). The above cited authors provided a description, but did not provide a comparative diagnosis to which species he thought that it was most similar to, though he did say that D. fansipanensis probably accounted for the treatment of D. pernyi in Vietnam (Liang & Tamura 2000). Experience with living collections of both species and collections of D. fansipanensis at MO and PE (acronym following Thiers 2015) reveal that it is not synonymous with D. pernyi, but has an older available name.
The correct name for Adenocalymma comosum (Bignoniaceae)
Authors: Turner Ian
Published: August 2015

A large, golden-flowered, bignoniaceous liana native to Brazil and sometimes grown as a tropical ornamental is generally known as Adenocalymma comosum (Cham.) DC. in Candolle (1845: 201). The name is based on Bignonia comosa Chamisso (1833: 691). This is homonymous with Bignonia comosa Roxburgh (1832: 103). William Roxburgh first published this binomial in the Hortus Bengalensis (Roxburgh 1814) for a species introduced to the Calcutta Botanic Garden, India, from the Moluccas. Here, the name is a nomen nudum as there was no description included or reference made to a previously published description. Roxburgh’s brief description of the species was published posthumously in the third volume of Flora Indica (Roxburgh 1832). This appeared in late 1832 (Stafleu & Cowan 1983: 957). Roxburgh’s plant was actually Clerodendrum lanuginosum Blume (1826: 810) (Lamiaceae) (van Steenis 1967).
New species of Myrcia s.l. (Myrtaceae) from Campo Rupestre, Atlantic Forest and Amazon Forest
Authors: Santos Matheus Fortes , Lucas Eve , Sobral Marcos , Sano Paulo Takeo
Published: August 2015

The present study describes four new species of the exclusively Neotropical Myrcia s.l., which includes the genera Calyptranthes, Marlierea and Myrcia. The new species are named Myrcia cataphyllata (related to Myrcia bicolor), Myrcia elevata (related to Marlierea velutina), Myrcia megaphylla (very distinct from other species of Myrcia) and Myrcia sessilissima (related to Myrcia tomentosa). They are endemic to their respective biomes: one endemic to the Amazon forest (M. elevata); one from the Campo Rupestre (‘Rocky Fields’) vegetation (M. sessilissima); and two from the Atlantic Forest (M. cataphyllata and M. megaphylla). In addition to the descriptions, the study provides illustrations and comments about the distribution, habitat, phenology and taxonomic affinities of these species.
Rediscovery of Tordylium brachytaenium (Tordylieae, Apioideae, Apiaceae), an endemic and threatened species in Turkey
Authors: Doğru-Koca Aslı , Zare Golshan
Published: August 2015

The threatened endemic species, Tordylium brachytaenium, which was not collected after the first description by Boissier and Heldreich in 1849, was rediscovered. An expanded species description, comments about its distribution, ecology and conservation are presented. Additionally, its distinction from the closely related species in respect of pollen and mericarp morphology is provided. The IUCN assessment of T. brachytaenium is also briefly discussed.
A new species of Anthurium (Araceae) from Ecuador
Authors: Croat Thomas B. , Ulloa Ulloa Carmen , Freire Efraín L.
Published: August 2015

Anthurium sect. Belolonchium (Araceae) is defined and characterized.  One new species of sect. Belolonchium, namely A. yanacochense Croat, C.Ulloa & E.Freire from Pichincha province, Ecuador, is described as new and compared with related species.
Notoscyphus grollei sp. nov. in Bitterfeld amber rather than the extant Notoscyphus lutescens (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Mitt.
Authors: Váňa Jiří , Schäfer-Verwimp Alfons , Bechteler Julia , Schmidt Alexander R. , Heinrichs Jochen
Published: August 2015

A Paleogene fossil of a leafy liverwort that had earlier been assigned to the extant species Notoscyphus lutescens is described as Notoscyphus grollei, sp. nov. It differs from all other Notoscyphus taxa by mammillose-papillose leaf cells.
A review of the genus Drymeia Meigen, 1826 (Diptera: Muscidae) in Russia
Authors: SOROKINA VERA S. , PONT Adrian C.
Published: August 2015

A key is provided to the 26 species of the genus Drymeia Meigen, 1826 known from Russia and four additional species that may be found in Russia (D. brumalis (Rondani, 1866), D. cantabrigensis (Huckett, 1965), D. gymnophthalma (Hennig, 1963), D. similis (Malloch, 1918)). The key includes the 10 new species here described from the mountains of South Siberia (D. acrostichalis sp. nov., D. aristata sp. nov., D. cilitarsis sp. nov., D. glabra sp. nov., D. grandis sp. nov., D. grisea sp. nov., D. longiseta sp. nov., D. phaonina sp. nov., D. puchokana sp. nov., D. triseta sp. nov.,) and other two new species from the Russian Arctic (D. cristata sp. nov., D. taymirensis sp. nov.). Five species (D. fasciculata (Stein, 1916), D. firthiana (Huckett, 1965), D. groenlandica (Lundbeck, 1901), D. quadrisetosa (Malloch, 1919), D. neoborealis (Snyder, 1949)) are newly recorded from Russia. Three new synonymies are proposed: D. pribilofensis (Malloch, 1921) (syn: D. inaequalis (Malloch, 1922)), D. setibasis (Huckett, 1965) (syn: D. gymnophthalma sibirica (Lavčiev, 1971, unavailable junior secondary homonym) and D. quadrisetosa (Malloch, 1919) (syn: D. amurensis (Lavčiev, 1971)). The male terminalia and the female ovipositors of the new species are illustrated. New faunistic data are given for some previously described species of Russian Drymeia.
Hypolestes hatuey sp. nov.: a new species of the enigmatic genus Hypolestes (Odonata, Hypolestidae) from Hispaniola
Authors: TORRES-CAMBAS YUSDIEL , LORENZO-CARBALLA M. OLALLA , FERREIRA SÓNIA , CORDERO-RIVERA ADOLFO
Published: August 2015

Both sexes of Hypolestes hatuey Torres-Cambas, sp. nov. (Odonata: Zygoptera: Hypolestidae) from Hispaniola are described and illustrated here. This newly described species differs from H. trinitatis and H. clara, the other two species within the genus, by the morphology of the genital ligula and male cerci. Females of H. hatuey sp. nov. differ from H. clara by the shape of the female antehumeral stripe and wing venation. Morphological distinctiveness in males is supported by genetic differences in the 16S mitochondrial gene. Following the categories and criteria of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, we suggest this species should be listed as Data Deficient (DD), given that available data on its distribution are too limited to assess its risk of extinction.
New record of the genus Israelimeria Weiner & Kaprus’, 2005 (Collembola: Neanuridae: Pseudachorutinae) from Iran, with description of a new species
Authors: ALIJANI MASOUMEH , SHAYANMEHR MASOUMEH , SKARŻYŃSKI Dariusz , PIWNIK AGATA , SMOLIS ADRIAN
Published: August 2015

Israelimeria persica sp. nov. is described from Iran. The genus Israelimeria can be easily identified due to a reduction of the number of eyes and the complete absence of the postantennal organ and the furca. The new taxon, and also the second species of the genus, differs from I. poliakovae Weiner & Kaprus’, 2005, known only from Judean Mts. in Israel, in size and shape of mandibles and many chaetotactic characters, especially number of setae in ocular area of the head, ventral tube, subcoxae “1” and microchaetae number in furcal area.
Jumping spiders of the genus Scopocira Simon, 1900 (Araneae: Salticidae: Amycoida) from Colombia, with the description of a new species
Authors: GALVIS WILLIAM
Published: August 2015

The neotropical genus Scopocira was described by Simon (1900) to include the type species S. dentichelis Simon, 1900 from Venezuela, and S. tenella Simon, 1900 and S. histrio Simon, 1900 from Brazil. Subsequently, different authors, such as Mello-Leitão (1922, 1941), Chamberlin & Ivie (1936), Crane (1945), Galiano (1958, 1963, 1969, 1981, 1982),Vedel et al. (2013) and Rubio (2014), made additions, changes, transfers and new reports in the genus. Recently, Costa & Ruiz (2014) presented a taxonomic revision of Scopocira, validating six of the previously described species and describing eight new species from South America, increasing the known diversity of the genus up to 14 species. Species of Scopocira can be recognized by the presence of one apophysis on the prolateral face of the male chelicerae and embolus arising from the retrolateral side of the tegulum in the male palps (Galiano 1958; Costa & Ruiz 2014). While comparing material from Colombia to the illustrations of the revision (Costa & Ruiz 2014), it was possible to identify a new species and the undescribed female of one species described in that paper. The new species is described here, based on specimens collected in the Amazonian department of Vaupés, Colombia. Also, the female of S. crotalica Costa & Ruiz, 2014 is described and illustrated for the first time, based on material from the Amazonian state of Guainía, Colombia. Additionally, S. dentichelis Simon, 1900 and S. tenella Simon, 1900 are also newly recorded from this country.
Morphological description and DNA barcoding of Hydrobaenus majus sp. nov. (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) from the Russian Far East
Authors: MAKARCHENKO EUGENYI A. , MAKARCHENKO MARINA A.
Published: August 2015

Illustrated descriptions of adult male, pupa and fourth instar larva, as well as DNA barcoding, of Hydrobaenus majus sp. nov. in comparison with the close related species H. sikhotealinensis Makarchenko et Makarchenko from the Russian Far East are provided. The species-specificity of H. majus sp. nov. COI sequences is analyzed and the sequences are presented as diagnostic characters—molecular markers of H. majus and H. sikhotealinensis.
A new species of Callyntra (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from central Chile
Authors: ZÚÑIGA-REINOSO ÁLVARO , CID-ARCOS MAURICIO
Published: August 2015

Callyntra Solier, 1836 is a genus mainly from Chile, with one species occurring in Argentina, which currently contains 20 described species. Recent explorations in the Andes Mountain Range in Chile, have resulted in the collection of specimens morphologically different from all previously described species. The aim of this paper is to describe a new species of Callyntra, discuss its relationship with other species in the genus, and highlight sexual dimorphism and potential conservation status.
Dual-Polarization Radar Data Analysis of the Impact of Ground-Based Glaciogenic Seeding on Winter Orographic Clouds. Part II: Convective Clouds
Authors: Jing Xiaoqin , Geerts Bart
Published: August 2015

This second paper of a two-part series aims to explore the ground-based glaciogenic seeding impact on wintertime orographic clouds using an X-band dual-polarization radar. It focuses on three cases with shallow to moderately deep orographic convection that were observed in January–February of 2012 as part of the AgI Seeding Cloud Impact Investigation (ASCII) project over the Sierra Madre in Wyoming. In each of the storms the bulk upstream Froude number exceeded 1, suggesting unblocked flow. Low-level potential instability was present, explaining orographic convection. The clouds contained little supercooled liquid water on account of the low cloud-base temperature. Ice-crystal photography shows that snow mainly grew by diffusion and aggregation. To examine the seeding effect of silver iodide (AgI), five study areas are defined: two target areas and three control areas. Comparisons are made between the control and target areas as well as between a treated, or seeded, period and an untreated period. Low-level reflectivity tends to increase in the target areas relative to the control. This increase is larger in the lee target area than in the upwind target area, suggesting that precipitation enhancement is delayed in the presence of convection. The echo tops of the convective cells are not higher during seeding, relative to simultaneous changes in the control regions. This result suggests that the dynamic-seeding mechanism does not apply for the cold-base convective clouds that are studied here. An analysis of differential reflectivity and snow photography suggests that static seeding is the more likely snow-enhancement mechanism in these clouds.
Performance of the GPM Passive Microwave Retrieval in the Balkan Flood Event of 2014
Authors: Petković Veljko , Kummerow Christian D.
Published: August 2015

An updated version of the Goddard Profiling Algorithm (GPROF 2014) with a new overland scheme was released with the launch of the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) core satellite in February 2014. The algorithm is designed to provide consistent precipitation estimates over both ocean and land across diverse satellite platforms. This study tests the performance of the new retrieval, focusing specifically on an extreme rainfall event. Two contrasting 72-h precipitation events over the same area are used to compare the retrieved products against ground measurements. The first event is characterized by persistent and intense precipitation of an unusually strong and widespread system, which caused historical flooding of the central Balkan region of southeastern Europe in May 2014. The second event serves as a baseline case for a more typical midlatitude regime. Rainfall rates and 3-day accumulations given by five conically scanning radiometers (GMI; AMSR2; and SSMIS F16, F17, and F18) in the GPM constellation are compared against ground radar data from the Operational Program for Exchange of Weather Radar Information (OPERA) network and in situ measurements. Satellite products show good agreement with ground radars; the retrieval closely reproduces spatial and temporal characteristics of both events. Strong biases related to precipitation regimes are found when satellite and radar measurements are compared to ground gauges. While the GPM constellation performs well during the nonextreme event, showing ~10% negative bias, it underestimates gauge accumulations of the Balkan flood event by 60%. Analyses show that the biases are caused by the differences between the expected and observed ice-scattering signals, suggesting that better understanding of the environment and its impact on rain profiles is the key for successful retrievals in extreme events.
Wind Stress Dynamics in Chesapeake Bay: Spatiotemporal Variability and Wave Dependence in a Fetch-Limited Environment
Authors: Fisher Alexander W. , Sanford Lawrence P. , Suttles Steven E.
Published: August 2015

The spatiotemporal variability of wind stress dynamics in Chesapeake Bay has been investigated using a combination of observations and numerical modeling. Direct measurements of momentum and surface heat fluxes were collected using an ultrasonic anemometer deployed on a fixed tower in the middle reaches of Chesapeake Bay in the spring of 2012 along with collocated wave measurements. These measurements were compared to bulk estimates of wind stress using wave-dependent formulations of the Charnock parameter (alpha). Results indicate that a constant alpha value of 0.018 reasonably represents observed stress values, but estimates can be improved by the inclusion of surface wave information in the parameterization of alpha. Using a wave age formulation of alpha in combination with an optimally interpolated 10-m neutral wind field, a third-generation numerical wave model, Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN), was employed to investigate the spatiotemporal variability of wind stress across the estuary. Alpha values were found to be wind speed dependent and displayed spatial distributions that ranged between open-ocean values and strongly fetch-limited values. Model results suggest that variable wind stress dynamics stemming from a combination of variable surface winds and fetch-limited wave growth may result in the 10-m neutral drag coefficient varying by a factor of 2 across the estuary. Up to 20% of these changes can be directly attributed to the effects of variable waves.
Evaluation of WRF Cloud Microphysics Schemes Using Radar Observations
Authors: Min Ki-Hong , Choo Sunhee , Lee Daehyung , Lee Gyuwon
Published: August 2015

The Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) implemented a 10-yr project to develop its own global model (GM) by 2020. To reflect the complex topography and unique weather characteristics of the Korean Peninsula, a high-resolution model with accurate physics and input data is required. The WRF single-moment 6-class microphysics scheme (WSM6) and WRF double-moment 6-class microphysics scheme (WDM6) that will be implemented in the Korea GM (KGM) are evaluated. Comparisons of the contoured frequency by altitude diagram (CFAD), time–height cross sections, and vertical profiles of hydrometeors are utilized to assess the two schemes in simulating summer monsoon and convective precipitation cases over the Korean Peninsula during 2011. The results show that WSM6 and WDM6 overestimate the height of the melting level and bright band as compared to radar observations. However, the accuracy of WDM6 is in better agreement with radar observations. This is attributed to the difference in the sedimentation process simulated by the additional second-moment total number concentrations of liquid-phase particles in WDM6. WDM6 creates larger raindrops and higher relative humidity beneath the melting layer, allowing the scheme to simulate a more realistic reflectivity profile than WSM6 for the summer monsoon case. However, for the convective case, both schemes underestimate the precipitation and there is resolution dependence in the WRF Model’s ability to simulate convective precipitation.
Visualising disability and activism in Second Life
Authors: Bloustien Geraldine , Wood Denise
Published: August 2015

Drawing on an ethnographic study of identity and disability in the 3D environment of Second Life (SL), this article documents the authors’ discussions with many regular users (known as ‘residents’) of SL who identify as having a disability or impairment in their ‘actual’ (off-screen) lives. Since SL offers the possibility of anonymity, regular users with a physical impairment may decide when and where to disclose or highlight their disability or whether to do so at all, when they are in world. Many also use the potential of SL to negotiate and challenge conventional media representations of embodied difference through their avatars. In this article the authors argue that the choices of representation reflect the residents’ understandings of their own sense of ‘authenticity’. For some, this involves a self beyond the limitations of physical embodiment – a metaphysical separation between body and mind. For others, the ‘real self’ is inseparable from a physical embodiment which includes the impairment or disability. These choices of how the users portray their avatar selves through a more fluid understanding of self-representation also offer potential for political and social advocacy beyond the virtual world.
Qoheleth Versus a Later Editor: The Origin and Function of Eschatological Elements in Ecclesiastes 12:1–8
Authors: Kang Seung Il
Published: August 2015

This essay investigates the origin and function of the eschatological elements in Ecclesiastes 12:1–8 in comparison with Qoheleth’s concepts of death, judgment, and fear of God attested in other parts of the book, and suggests that some eschatological elements in the passage originated from a later editor.

The original work of Qoheleth may well have ended with the final exhortation for enjoyment in the prime of life (11:8a, 9a–b, 10a) followed by the descriptions of old age and possibly death, too; traces of these descriptions are found in 12:1–7. Qoheleth may have included these materials to reveal that there is a time, namely during youth, for enjoyment too.

Although the later editor disagreed with Qoheleth’s positive attitude to mirth, he need not have expunged all the relevant references. The editor simply appended a reminder of divine judgment in 11:8b, 9c, and 10b as a counterargument to each of Qoheleth’s final calls of carpe diem. In addition, in order to deliver his own message more effectively, the editor reworked Qoheleth’s materials with eschatological elements, thereby putting a different spin on the original message. As a result, 12:1–8 has come to his aid by intimidating and reminding people of the imminent divine judgment, “since the Day of Judgment is near, you should fear God and keep his commandments to survive.”
Pain and Prejudice
Authors: Messing Karen
Published: August 2015

The meaning, feasibility, and importance of scientific objectivity have been debated among public health scientists. The debate is particularly relevant to occupational health, because of frequent opposition between employer and worker interests. This article suggests that the concept of standpoint (J. Eakin) may be more useful than that of objectivity in framing discussion of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Studies done from a “worker” standpoint can, for example, investigate and characterize environmental risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders, while studies from an “employer” standpoint may concentrate on identifying individual workers likely to report work-related musculoskeletal disorders or those for whom consequences of work-related musculoskeletal disorders are more severe. Within “worker” standpoints, a distinction between “high-prestige worker” and “lower-prestige worker” standpoints can be identified in the current scientific debate about the health costs and benefits of prolonged standing vs prolonged sitting at work. Contact with workers, particularly lower-prestige workers, is critical to developing and sustaining a worker-based standpoint among researchers in occupational health. This contact can be facilitated by formal collaborations between universities and unions or other community groups.
Do ‘flexicurity’ Policies Work for People With Low Education and Health Problems? A Comparison of Labour Market Policies and Employment Rates in Denmark, The Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom 1990–2010
Authors: McAllister Ashley , Nylén Lotta , Backhans Mona , Boye Katarina , Thielen Karsten , Whitehead Margaret , Burström Bo
Published: August 2015

People with limiting longstanding illness and low education may experience problems in the labor market. Reduced employment protection that maintains economic security for the individual, known as “flexicurity,” has been proposed as a way to increase overall employment. We compared the development of labor market policies and employment rates from 1990 to 2010 in Denmark and the Netherlands (representing flexicurity), the United Kingdom, and Sweden. Employment rates in all countries were much lower in the target group than for other groups over the study period. However, “flexicurity” as practiced in Denmark, far from being a “magic bullet,” appeared to fail low-educated people with longstanding illness in particular. The Swedish policy, on the other hand, with higher employment protection and higher economic security, particularly earlier in the study period, led to higher employment rates in this group. Findings also revealed that economic security policies in all countries were eroding and shifting toward individual responsibility. Finally, results showed that active labor market policies need to be subcategorized to better understand which types are best suited for the target group. Increasing employment among the target group could reduce adverse health consequences and contribute to decreasing inequalities in health.
Dental Pulp Cell Behavior in Biomimetic Environments
Authors: Smith J.G. , Smith A.J. , Shelton R.M. , Cooper P.R.
Published: August 2015

There is emerging recognition of the importance of a physiologically relevant in vitro cell culture environment to promote maintenance of stem cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine purposes. In vivo, appropriate cellular cues are provided by local tissue extracellular matrix (ECM), and these are not currently recapitulated well in vitro using traditional cultureware. We therefore hypothesized that better replication of the in vivo environment for cell culture and differentiation could be achieved by culturing dental pulp cells with their associated ECM. Primary dental pulp cells were subsequently seeded onto pulp-derived ECM-coated cultureware. While at up to 24 h they exhibited the same level of adherence as those cells seeded on tissue culture–treated surfaces, by 4 d cell numbers and proliferation rates were significantly decreased in cells grown on pulp ECM compared with controls. Analysis of stem cell and differentiation marker transcripts, as well as Oct 3/4 protein distribution, supported the hypothesis that cells cultured on ECM better maintained a stem cell phenotype compared with those cultured on standard tissue culture–treated surfaces. Subsequent differentiation analysis of cells cultured on ECM demonstrated that they exhibited enhanced mineralization, as determined by alizarin red staining and mineralized marker expression. Supplementation of a 3% alginate hydrogel with pulp ECM components and dental pulp cells followed by differentiation induction in mineralization medium resulted in a time-dependent mineral deposition at the periphery of the construct, as demonstrated histologically and using micro–computed tomography analysis, which was reminiscent of tooth structure. In conclusion, data indicate that culture of pulp cells in the presence of ECM better replicates the in vivo environment, maintaining a stem cell phenotype suitable for downstream tissue engineering applications.
Incidental radiographic finding of the concealed art of susuk
Authors: Devang Divakar Darshan , Mavinapalla Seema , Al Kheraif Abdulaziz Abdullah , Ramakrishnaiah Ravikumar , Abd Rahim Muhammad Furqon Bin , Khan Aftab Ahmed
Published: August 2015

Susuk, or charm needles, are small, metallic needles inserted under the skin, considered to enhance beauty, health and luck. This hidden secret of inserting susuk is a traditional superstitious ritual, widely practiced among women of Southeast Asia. Here, we present an interesting case of incidental radiographic finding of the concealed art of susuk, which was exposed on a panoramic radiograph taken on a routine basis as a part of diagnostic work up at our centre. An orthopantomogram revealed bilateral metallic foreign bodies in the maxillo-facial region. Anamnestic data affirmed the practice of the body art of susuk. The charm needles were present in the orofacial region without the patient experiencing any pathological signs or symptoms.
Software architecture of an interface for three-dimensional collision handling in maritime Virtual Environments
Authors: Varela José , Soares C Guedes
Published: August 2015

This paper presents the software architecture of an interface for real-time three-dimensional (3D) collision detection and determination in a maritime Virtual Environment. Interface classes, attributes and functions to compute the collision point, the moment of impact, and the local velocity and normal vectors of the surfaces at the collision point are described. If a physics application programming interface is available, these values can be used to estimate the objects’ responses to the collision. Within the scope of this work, a wrapper was developed and integrated in a 3D Ship Simulator prototype system.
Why Do We Think Politicians Are So Evasive? Insight From Theories of Equivocation and Deception, With a Content Analysis of U.S. Presidential Debates, 1996-2012
Authors: Clementson David E.
Published: August 2015

Politicians have a reputation for deception. Instead of blaming the politicians themselves, equivocation theory directs our attention to the situation in which politicians are asked questions. We draw on recent theories of deception detection—truth-default theory and information manipulation theory 2—to propose that a reason we think politicians are so evasive might be because, ironically, we believe them when they accuse their opponents of evasiveness in equivocal situations. We perform a content analysis of the question–answer sequences ( N = 810) in U.S. presidential debates 1996 to 2012. Our results indicate that politicians accuse each other of evasion to a significant degree. Meanwhile, they are not necessarily dodging questions to the extent that their overt allegations suggest. This study demonstrates how the predictions of equivocation theory and deception detection theories apply to the domain of U.S. presidential debates.
On the Ageing of Objects in Modern Culture: Ornament and Crime
Authors: Schiermer Bjørn
Published: August 2015

The article seeks to develop a new conceptual framework suitable for analysing the ageing processes of objects in modern culture. The basic intuition is that object experience cannot be analysed separately from collective participation. The article focuses on the question of the ‘timeless’ nature of modernist design and seeks to understand why modernist objects age more slowly than other objects. First, inspired by the late Durkheim’s account of symbolism, I turn to the experiential effects of collective embeddedness. Second, I enter the field of architectural practices and architectural theory. Visiting early modernist ideologue Adolf Loos, I seek to understand the modernist attitude as a direct response to experiences of the acceleration of ageing processes characteristic of modern culture. I then try to show how Loos’s explicit awareness of the collective dimension is ignored by the subsequent modernist movement and by architectural theory. Finally, I try to assess the consequences of this neglect.
Genealogies of liberal violence: human rights, state violence, and the police
Authors: Reid-Henry S.M.
Published: August 2015

This paper presents a genealogical analysis of the relationship between liberal state violence and the contemporary liberal will-to-care by way of an exploration of what is sometimes referred to as ‘humanitarian war’. I explore the historical convergence of contemporary human rights norms with military intervention in the post-Cold War context. I suggest that, far from representing a limit upon state violence in the present, human rights in fact move us closer to the ‘emancipation’ of state violence as an instrument of liberal police power. Further I take up the question of the law as it structures and shapes this emergent form of state violence more directly. Focusing on the doctrine of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P), I suggest that the form of power that is made possible by military humanitarian interventions, and in doctrines such as R2P in particular, is an international variant of what Michel Foucault termed the power of the ‘police’. I suggest that thinking about this power as a form of distributional authority may be helpful in holding to account both liberal interventionism and its underlying will-to-order in favour of an international politics of care.
Longing for the Transcendent: The Role of Love in Islamic Mysticism with special reference to al-Ghazālī and Ibn al-ʿArabī
Authors: Azdajic Dejan
Published: August 2015

The longing for intimacy and closeness to God has perennially been one of mankind’s most pronounced characteristics. Those worshipers within the Islamic tradition that particularly focus on the interior aspects of the faith and endeavor to reach the transcendent, are commonly referred to as Sufis. Sufism, or Islamic mysticism, has devised copious theological materials and practical disciplines to attain its goal. It can be furthermore suggested that one of the ideas that appears to be most predominant in Sufi theology is characterized by the notion of love. This article examines how Sufism understands the concept of love, its close relationship to the attainment of knowledge and if it indeed succeeds in enabling humanity to achieve nearness with God.
Variations in Phase and Amplitude of Rhythmic Clock Gene Expression across Prefrontal Cortex, Hippocampus, Amygdala, and Hypothalamic Paraventricular and Suprachiasmatic Nuclei of Male and Female Rats
Authors: Chun Lauren E. , Woodruff Elizabeth R. , Morton Sarah , Hinds Laura R. , Spencer Robert L.
Published: August 2015

The molecular circadian clock is a self-regulating transcription/translation cycle of positive ( Bmal1, Clock/Npas2) and negative ( Per1,2,3, Cry1,2) regulatory components. While the molecular clock has been well characterized in the body’s master circadian pacemaker, the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), only a few studies have examined both the positive and negative clock components in extra-SCN brain tissue. Furthermore, there has yet to be a direct comparison of male and female clock gene expression in the brain. This comparison is warranted, as there are sex differences in circadian functioning and disorders associated with disrupted clock gene expression. This study examined basal clock gene expression ( Per1, Per2, Bmal1 mRNA) in the SCN, prefrontal cortex (PFC), rostral agranular insula, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), amygdala, and hippocampus of male and female rats at 4-h intervals throughout a 12:12 h light:dark cycle. There was a significant rhythm of Per1, Per2, and Bmal1 in the SCN, PFC, insula, PVN, subregions of the hippocampus, and amygdala with a 24-h period, suggesting the importance of an oscillating molecular clock in extra-SCN brain regions. There were 3 distinct clock gene expression profiles across the brain regions, indicative of diversity among brain clocks. Although, generally, the clock gene expression profiles were similar between male and female rats, there were some sex differences in the robustness of clock gene expression (e.g., females had fewer robust rhythms in the medial PFC, more robust rhythms in the hippocampus, and a greater mesor in the medial amygdala). Furthermore, females with a regular estrous cycle had attenuated aggregate rhythms in clock gene expression in the PFC compared with noncycling females. This suggests that gonadal hormones may modulate the expression of the molecular clock.
Diagnostic Approach to Genetic Causes of Early-Onset Epileptic Encephalopathy
Authors: Gürsoy Semra , Erçal Derya
Published: August 2015

Epileptic encephalopathies are characterized by recurrent clinical seizures and prominent interictal epileptiform discharges seen during the early infantile period. Although epileptic encephalopathies are mostly associated with structural brain defects and inherited metabolic disorders, pathogenic gene mutations may also be involved in the development of epileptic encephalopathies even when no clear genetic inheritance patterns or consanguinity exist. The most common epileptic encephalopathies are Ohtahara syndrome, early myoclonic encephalopathy, epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures, West syndrome and Dravet syndrome, which are usually unresponsive to traditional antiepileptic medication. Many of the diagnoses describe the phenotype of these electroclinical syndromes, but not the underlying causes. To date, approximately 265 genes have been defined in epilepsy and several genes including STXBP1, ARX, SLC25A22, KCNQ2, CDKL5, SCN1A, and PCDH19 have been found to be associated with early-onset epileptic encephalopathies. In this review, we aimed to present a diagnostic approach to primary genetic causes of early-onset epileptic encephalopathies.
African American Internet Use for Information Search and Privacy Protection Tasks
Authors: Park Yong Jin , Jang S. Mo
Published: August 2015

This study used in-depth observations to investigate the differences in digital literacy among African American young adult Internet users. Sampled Internet users participated in one-to-one real-time observation sessions, in which each user completed Internet-related functions in two dimensions: (1) information search and (2) privacy protection. Observations recorded whether and how quickly each participant completed the assigned tasks. We found that few participants were able to complete assigned information tasks and could control basic features in browser settings. The findings also indicated that levels of digital literacy were more related with their online access experiences than with sociodemographic characteristics. We discussed policy implications of the findings and suggested potential areas of policy concern and remedies.
Examining Family Firm Succession From a Social Exchange Perspective
Authors: Daspit Joshua J. , Holt Daniel T. , Chrisman James J. , Long Rebecca G.
Published: August 2015

We use a social exchange perspective to review family firm succession literature owing to its fit with the multiphase, multistakeholder nature of the process. We searched the history of 34 journals, finding 88 published or forthcoming articles that quantitatively examined succession. We consider the primary phases of the management succession process (ground rules, successor development, and transition) and the relevant stakeholder exchanges occurring during each phase, including exchanges between incumbents and successors, within family boundaries, and across family boundaries. We contribute to the family firm succession literature by identifying how a social exchange perspective can help guide future research.
From State Socialist to Neoliberal Productivism: Disability Policy and Invalidation of Disabled People in the Postsocialist Region
Authors: Mladenov Teodor
Published: August 2015

This article criticizes the negative impact of productivism on disabled people of working age in the postsocialist region of Central and Eastern Europe. Productivism is conceptualized as a mechanism that generates cultural and material invalidation of those considered to be unable to work. The analysis begins by outlining some political-economic features of state socialism that underpinned its productivism, emphasizing commodification of labor. It proceeds by discussing the ensuing approach to social policy, comparing it with two alternative models. Afterwards, it highlights several ways in which productivism shaped disability policy in the countries of the former Eastern Bloc. Finally, the analysis looks at present-day disability policy in the postsocialist region. It is argued that after 1989, the state-based productivism of the socialist regime was partially complemented and partially displaced by the market-based productivism of the new neoliberal regime. The conclusion discusses strategies for resisting productivism, focusing specifically on decommodification of labor.
Outward, Inward, Upward: Why Three Goods of Marriage for Augustine?
Authors: Haflidson Ron
Published: August 2015

In this article I argue that Augustine’s three marital goods of procreation, fidelity and sacrament correspond to the familiar Augustinian pattern of ascent as the self turns from outward to inward and then upward. I develop this reading as an alternative to the suggestion that three goods each reflect one of the Triune persons and through critical engagement with recent interpreters of Augustine’s theology of marriage.