bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Palmitic acid and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids dominate in mycelia of mangrove Halophytophthora and Salispina species in Taiwan
Authors: Su Chun-Jui , Ju Wen-Ting , Chen Yi-Min , Chiang Michael W.L. , Hsieh Sung-Yuan , Lin Han-Jia , Jones E.B. Gareth , Pang Ka-Lai
Published: August 2021

Marine oomycetous species produce, among other fatty acids, omega-6 arachidonic acid (ARA) and omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), with implications for the industrial potential of this group of organisms and the need to find an isolate with high production. This study screened 14 isolates of marine oomycetous species: Halophytophthora avicenniae, H. batemanensis, H. exoprolifera, H. polymorphica and Salispina spinosa cultured from fallen mangrove leaves in Taiwan for 24 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in their mycelia. This paper is the first to report C18:1n-7 vaccenic acid, C20:1 eicosenoic acid, C24:1 nervonic acid, C20:2n-6 eicosadienoic acid, C22:4n-6 adrenic acid, C20:4n-3 eicosatetraenoic acid and C22:5n-3 docosapentaenoic acid in mycelia of Halophytophthora and Salispina species, and the fatty acid profiles of H. batemanensis and H. exoprolifera. Five fatty acids were dominant in the mycelia of the isolates, i.e. C16:0 palmitic acid, C18:1n-9 oleic acid, C18:2n-6 linoleic acid, C20:4n-6 arachidonic acid and C20:5n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid. For the essential fatty acids, S. spinosa produced the highest level of arachidonic acid (27–31% of total fatty acid (TFA), 141–188 mg l−1 yield) while H. avicenniae IMB212 produced the highest percentage of EPA (15% of TFA) while H. polymorphica IMB227 produced the highest yield (96 mg l−1). Different species and isolates of the same species produced different fatty acid profiles, and further research effort may yield a high production isolate of industrial significance and also important fatty acids from the marine environment.
Impact of the reinforced metal structure on the mechanical properties foamed aluminium composites at the load
Authors: Mareeva Olga , Ermilov Vladimir , Snezhko Vera , Benin Dmitrii , Bakshtanin Alexander
Published: August 2021

This paper is an experimental study of the quasi-static mechanical compressive properties of the reinforced closed-cell aluminum alloy foams with different cell orientations at different strain rates. The reinforced foam samples were obtained via the powder metallurgical route. The results of the compression tests revealed that the deformation behavior and mechanical properties of foamed aluminum composites are highly dependent on the orientation of the reinforcing mesh. Differences in the deformation behavior of foams appear to be influenced by the mechanical properties of the matrix material, by foam deformation mechanisms, and by the mechanical properties of the reinforcement. The yield stress, plateau stress, densification stress, and energy absorption capacity of unreinforced foam samples improved linearly with increasing strain rate due to dynamic recrystallization and softening of the foam matrix material. The reinforced foam samples exhibit nonlinear deformation behavior. It was also found that the mechanical properties reduction of transverse reinforced foams was slightly lower compared to foams with longitudinal reinforcement at varying strain rates because of the large contribution of the mechanical properties of the reinforcement. The results of the present study can be employed to modelling and obtain impact-resistant fillers for complex structures in transport construction.
An Optimal Control Study with Quantity of Additional food as Control in Prey-Predator Systems involving Inhibitory Effect
Authors: Ananth V. S. , Vamsi D. K. K.
Published: August 2021

Additional food provided prey-predator systems have become a significant and important area of study for both theoretical and experimental ecologists. This is mainly because provision of additional food to the predator in the prey-predator systems has proven to facilitate wildlife conservation as well as reduction of pesticides in agriculture. Further, the mathematical modeling and analysis of these systems provide the eco-manager with various strategies that can be implemented on field to achieve the desired objectives. The outcomes of many theoretical and mathematical studies of such additional food systems have shown that the quality and quantity of additional food play a crucial role in driving the system to the desired state. However, one of the limitations of these studies is that they are asymptotic in nature, where the desired state is reached eventually with time. To overcome these limitations, we present a time optimal control study for an additional food provided prey-predator system involving inhibitory effect with quantity of additional food as the control parameter with the objective of reaching the desired state in finite (minimum) time. The results show that the optimal solution is a bang-bang control with a possibility of multiple switches. Numerical examples illustrate the theoretical findings. These results can be applied to both biological conservation and pest eradication.
Singular tuples of matrices is not a null cone (and the symmetries of algebraic varieties)
Authors: Makam Visu , Wigderson Avi
Published: August 2021

The following multi-determinantal algebraic variety plays a central role in algebra, algebraic geometry and computational complexity theory:

SING

n
,
m

{{\rm SING}_{n,m}}

, consisting of all m-tuples of

n
×
n

{n\times n}

complex matrices which span only singular matrices. In particular, an efficient deterministic algorithm testing membership in

SING

n
,
m

{{\rm SING}_{n,m}}

will imply super-polynomial circuit lower bounds, a holy grail of the theory of computation.

A sequence of recent works suggests such efficient algorithms for memberships in a general class of algebraic varieties, namely the null cones of linear group actions. Can this be used for the problem above? Our main result is negative:

SING

n
,
m

{{\rm SING}_{n,m}}

is not the null cone of any (reductive) group action! This stands in stark contrast to a non-commutative analog of this variety, and points to an inherent structural difficulty of

SING

n
,
m

{{\rm SING}_{n,m}}

.

To prove this result, we identify precisely the group of symmetries of

SING

n
,
m

{{\rm SING}_{n,m}}

. We find this characterization, and the tools we introduce to prove it, of independent interest. Our work significantly generalizes a result of Frobenius for the special case

m
=
1

{m=1}

, and suggests a general method for determining the symmetries of algebraic varieties.
Culture codes and semiotics
Authors: Berger Arthur Asa
Published: August 2021

This paper argues that culture can be understood as a collection of codes that people learn as they grow up in a particular society and that these codes have certain attributes that explain their power. I suggest that codes must be coherent, be concrete, be clear, have continuity, and be communicated. I conclude with a discussion of national codes in comedy and offer the example of Japan, where people have different humor codes than in America.
Learning of monotone functions with single error correction
Authors: Selezneva Svetlana N. , Liu Yongqing
Published: August 2021

Learning of monotone functions is a well-known problem. Results obtained by V. K. Korobkov and G. Hansel imply that the complexity φM
(n) of learning of monotone Boolean functions equals

C
n

⌊
n

/

2
⌋

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
C_n^{\lfloor n/2\rfloor}
\end{array}$

+

C
n

⌊
n

/

2
⌋
+
1

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
C_n^{\lfloor n/2\rfloor+1}
\end{array}$

(φM
(n) denotes the least number of queries on the value of an unknown monotone function on a given input sufficient to identify an arbitrary n-ary monotone function). In our paper we consider learning of monotone functions in the case when the teacher is allowed to return an incorrect response to at most one query on the value of an unknown function so that it is still possible to correctly identify the function. We show that learning complexity in case of the possibility of a single error is equal to the complexity in the situation when all responses are correct.
Bauernproteste in Deutschland
Authors: Heinze Rolf G. , Bieckmann Rabea , Kurtenbach Sebastian , Küchler Armin
Published: August 2021

In die deutsche Protestlandschaft haben sich seit dem Herbst 2019 ebenfalls Bäuerinnen und Bauern eingereiht, die u. a. durch Blockaden und Mahnwachen auch Anfang 2021 immer wieder Aufmerksamkeit erregen. Die Forderungen und Anliegen, die mit den Protesten durchgesetzt werden sollen, sind vielfältig und beziehen sich sowohl auf ökonomische Existenzsorgen als auch auf gesellschaftliche Anerkennungsdefizite. Um einen Einblick in die Hintergründe und die zugrundeliegenden Sorgen zu erlangen, wurde eine quantitative Befragung im landwirtschaftlichen Protestmilieu durchgeführt, deren Ergebnisse in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt werden. Nach einer agrarsoziologischen Einordnung, wird der Fokus insbesondere auf die politische Verortung der protestierenden Bäuerinnen und Bauern gelegt.
20 Jahre Weltsozialforum
Authors: Schröder Christian
Published: August 2021

Vor zwanzig Jahren, als das Weltsozialforum zum ersten Mal in Porto Alegre in Brasilien stattfand, war es eine Veranstaltung, die sich für eine Globalisierung ‚von unten‘ einsetzte. Was hat sich seit dem ersten Weltsozialforum bis hin zur pandemiebedingt erstmalig rein virtuellen, fünfzehnten Ausgabe des Weltsozialforum des Jahres 2021 verändert? Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage nahm der Autor an verschiedenen Aktivitäten während der Veranstaltungstage im Januar 2021 teil, analysierte Dokumente und führte Gespräche mit langjährigen Weltsozialforumsaktivist*innen. Die Antwort lautet: Verändert hat sich vieles, aber (immer noch) nicht der Grundansatz des Weltsozialforums.
Regieren ohne Grund: Die CDU mit und nach Merkel
Authors: Dürr Tobias
Published: August 2021

Von 72 Jahren seit der Gründung der Bundesrepublik im Jahr 1949 stellte die Christdemokraten 52 Jahre den Bundeskanzler oder die Bundeskanzlerin. Vielleicht wird dies auch nach den Bundestagswahlen 2021 so sein. Dennoch bleibt zu fragen, ob mit Armin Laschet die CDU einen zeitgemäßen Vorsitzenden und potentiellen Bundeskanzler stellt, der die anstehenden großen Herausforderungen etwa in der Klimapolitik angemessen beantworten kann.
Signale aus der Provinz – Die Landtagswahlen in Baden-Württemberg, Rheinland-Pfalz und Sachsen-Anhalt
Authors: Eith Ulrich
Published: August 2021

Nach den drei Landtagswahlen in Baden-Württemberg, Rheinland-Pfalz und Sachsen-Anhaltz im ersten Halbjahr 2021 bleibt der Ausgang der Bundestagwahl weiterhin offen. Es lassen sich aus den drei Wahlen keine parteipolitischen Trends, wonach landespolitische Erfolge oder Niederlagen auch zu entsprechenden Zuwächsen oder Verlusten in den bundesweiten Umfragen führen, ableiten. Es wird wahlentscheidend sein, ob und wie die Parteien ihre zentralen Themen zur Wählermobilisierung setzen und wer die öffentliche Themenagenda in seinem Sinne entscheidend mitgestalten kann. Hierfür liefern die drei letzten Landtagswahlen vielfältiges aktuelles Anschauungsmaterial. Die Grünen müssen zudem entscheiden, inwieweit sie sich durch die erfolgreiche grüne Politik in Baden-Württemberg für ihren Bundestagswahlkampf inspirieren lassen. Ein politischer Umbruch erscheint möglich, die Bundestagswahl im September hat das Potential zur Critical Election.
„It’s not dark yet, but it’s getting there”
Authors: Mielke Gerd
Published: August 2021

„Critical elections“ haben eine spezifische Vorgeschichte: Sie bringen „weniger normale“ Wahlergebnisse mit auffälligen Veränderungen im sozio-ökonomischen, kulturellen und auch im politischen Vor- und Umfeld in Zusammenhang. Die These des amerikanischen Wahlforschers Valdimer Orlando Key jr. von den „critical elections“ und den Kontextveränderungen in ihrem jeweiligen Vorfeld führt im Umkehrschluss zu der Hypothese, dass markante Kontextveränderungen ihrerseits „critical elections“ mit Umbrüchen in der Wählerschaft auslösen. Diese Hypothese wird hier auf die kommende Bundestagswahl 2021 bezogen. Als markantestes Merkmal wird dabei die Neupositionierung der Grünen im Parteiensystem hervortreten. Wie sich diese vermutlich neue Stellung der Grünen zukünftig auf die anderen Elemente des Parteiensystems und die daraus erwachsenden Koalitionsoptionen auswirken wird, ist noch nicht abzuschätzen. Es wird weitreichende Folgen für die Entwicklung auch fast aller anderen Parteien nach sich ziehen, die sich dann wiederum bei den kommenden Wahlen, auch auf Landesebene, manifestieren werden.
Die Grünen als neuer Pol im deutschen Parteiensystem?
Authors: Mielke Gerd
Published: August 2021

Vieles spricht dafür, die Grünen als die strategischen Gewinner der Legislaturperiode 2017–2021 einzuschätzen. Union und SPD haben als bislang tragende Säulen des bundesrepublikanischen Parteiensystems viel von ihrer einstigen Dominanz eingebüßt. Das nicht nur mit Blick auf den zum Teil dramatischen Rückgang ihrer Stimmenanteile, sondern vor allem für die starken Einbußen in ihren Traditionswählerschaften, die wiederum mit der Preisgabe ihrer jeweiligen „Markenkerne“ durch die christdemokratischen und sozialdemokratischen Parteieliten verbunden sind. Die Erschöpfung von Union und SPD einerseits und die gleichzeitige Stabilisierung der Grünen auf einem vergleichbaren Stimmenniveau andrerseits haben im Lauf der Legislaturperiode ein Parteiensystem hervorgebracht, in dem sich vor allem die SPD in ihrer Position als Alternative und Gegenpol zur CDU/CSU durch die Grünen herausgefordert sieht. Die erkennbaren Bewegungen und Rochaden auf dem Wählermarkt, die allein von den Grünen vollzogen worden sind, sollte die Bundestagswahl 2021 ihren Platz als eine „critical election“ in der deutschen Wahlgeschichte finden.
Klimaliste: Eingriff in die DNA der Grünen
Authors: Farin Klaus
Published: August 2021

Die Klimaliste gibt den Teilen der Klimabewegung eine Stimme, die ihren Glauben an die Grünen verloren haben – in einer wissenschaftsbasierten Bewegungspartei mit einer neuartigen Kommunikationskultur.
Towards a diachronic typology of individual person markers
Authors: Konnerth Linda , Sansò Andrea
Published: August 2021

In this introduction we propose an agenda for working towards a diachronic typology of individual person markers. Rather than tracking the development of entire paradigms, our goal is to arrive at a better understanding of the diachronic pathways of those source constructions that end up as a conventionalized means of marking a particular person or person scenario, i.e. the specific (di)transitive person configuration. We discuss how this diachronic typology will need to consider certain types, or characteristics, of person markers, such as free vs. bound forms; SAP vs. 3rd person forms; or the status of person scenario markers. With respect to the source constructions and pathways, it is useful to distinguish between category-internal (e.g., person shift) and category-external (e.g., impersonal constructions) sources that give rise to person forms. We further offer a brief summary of the types of motivations that have been argued to lie behind the observed changes. Other issues of interest involve the stability vs. susceptibility for change as well as the optionality and synchronic variation of person forms, which may precede diachronic change.
Differential innovation in 2nd person pronouns and agreement indexation in Trans-Himalayan languages
Authors: DeLancey Scott
Published: August 2021

Tibeto-Burman languages show a drastic difference in the stability of independent and bound 2nd person forms. The 2nd person pronoun *naŋis the most stable form in the Proto-Trans-Himalayan paradigm, preserved in almost every low-level clade, while 1st person is sometimes replaced. But 2nd person indexation in the verb is highly unstable. There were two distinct forms already in PTH, a suffix #-na, belonging to the original paradigm, and an innovative prefix #tV-, as well as an irrealis form which could be used with 2nd person reference. In daughter languages across the family we find further innovations in this category. These facts pose two questions. The first – why is 2nd person indexation so unstable? – can be interpreted in terms of politeness and face management. But this raises another question – if 2nd person indexation is inherently unstable, why is 2nd person independent pronominal reference not? The difference in stability reflects a difference in function. In Tibeto-Burman languages, with or without argument indexation, independent pronouns are always ‘optional’, i.e. carry some information management function such as contrast. Thus when pronominal reference to the addressee might be awkward, it can always be avoided, so there is no need to innovate face-saving substitutes for it. In contrast, in languages with argument indexation, the verbal index is obligatory, so any desire to avoid direct reference to one’s interlocutor requires adopting an alternative construction which then, over time, may grammaticalize into a new 2nd person index.
Unification electrocoagulation-adsorption treatment for removal of COD and surfactant from automobile wastewater
Authors: Thakur Chandrakant
Published: August 2021

The automobile sectors are an essential field of the service provider circle. The principal eminent impact identified with the vehicle service workshops, is the discharge of used surfactant, engine oil, and washed water into the surface and water bodies. In this context, this study’s objective is to treat the automobile wastewater by unified/combined electrocoagulation-adsorption (ECA) to achieve the permissible removal limits of COD and surfactant. ECA treatment experiments were conducted by varying adsorbent dose, mixing time, and electrolysis time using Box Behnken design model. By performing experiments, the optimum conditions were statistically obtained at ECA time of 25 min, mixing speed of 465 rpm, and adsorbent dosage of 1.81 mg/L for 71.58% COD removal and 77.91% surfactant removal. The outcomes show that the experimental results of this investigation were in good agreement with the model predictions.
Role of Ti and Y in the nucleation of the primary α-Al of Al7075–Ti–Y natural composites and influence of ultrasonic vibration
Authors: Chen Xiao-Hui , Liu Lei , Li Jinbo , Zhang Fayun
Published: August 2021

Al7075–Ti–Y natural composites were prepared by using a combination of ultrasonic vibration and casting. The effects of titanium (Ti) and yttrium (Y) on the nucleation of primary α-Al were studied and the influencing mechanism of Y on the TiAl3 formation was analysed. Furthermore, a reaction kinetics model of TiAl3 under ultrasonic vibration was established. The results showed that the uniformly distributed TiAl3 and Al3Y nano-particles resulted in grain refinement. Y changed the morphology of TiAl3 and the appearance of corrosion pits was related to the fact that Y was dissolved within the TiAl3 structure to form Ti(Al,Y)3. The established model revealed that ultrasonic vibration significantly promoted the formation of TiAl3, and that ultrasonic time was the main factor affecting its growth.
Unsteady MHD free convection flow past a vertical permeable flat plate in a rotating frame of reference with constant heat source and variable thermal boundary condition in a nanofluid
Authors: Rao Pentyala Srinivasa , Kumar Anil
Published: August 2021

The problem of unsteady magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) free convection flow of nano-fluid past an oscillation moving vertical semi-infinite permeable flat plate with constant heat source and vertical variable thermal boundary condition in a rotating frame of reference is studied theoretically. The boundary layer has the oscillatory type of solution because slip velocity is assumed to oscillate in time with constant frequency. The governing equations are solved using small perturbation approximation. For this investigation, we use two types of nano-particles in base fluid, namely Cu (copper) and Al2O3 (aluminium oxide). The effect of various types of suspended metallic nano-particles and non-dimensional physical parameters on the fluid flow and heat transfer rate are presented and discussed through the graphs.
Simulation and modeling of different cell shapes for closed-cell LM-13 alloy foam for compressive behavior
Authors: Verma Karan Singh , Panthi Sanjay , Mondal Dehi Pada
Published: August 2021

In the present investigation, a two-dimensional (2D) finite element (FE) model of closed-cell AlSi12Mg1Cu1 alloy foam (AAFs) of 0.35 relative density of different cell shapes, i.e., square, hexagonal, octagonal, and circular shaped cell established with the help of ABAQUS simulation software. Experimentation is also done for 0.35 relative density metal foam to report its compressive behavior. The plateau stress

σ

p
l

$\left(\right.{\sigma }_{pl}$

) and energy absorption capacity (E
ab) of AAFs (ρ
rd = 0.35) properties are calculated from the plotted stress–strain graph and a significant effect of cell shape on compressive performance observed. By SEM characterization, it was noted that the experimental specimen also had near circular cells. The strength and energy absorption values are calculated for square-shape, circular-shaped, octagonal-shaped, and hexagonal-shaped cells in descending order from maximum to minimum. A convergence study is also carried out concerning the number of elements to obtain the most accurate FE results.
The Human Patent: What Intellectual Property Rights Does an Individual Have in Their Own Genetic Material, and What Are the Global Biosecurity Implications?
Authors: Egbunike Christopher Chukwuemeka
Published: August 2021

Under United States patent law, the landmark Supreme Court decision in Diamond v. Chakrabarty established the patentability of human-made life forms, except for those encompassing a human organism. The America Invents Act of 2011, and decisions from lower courts such as Moore v. Regents of University of California, reaffirm the unpatentability of human organisms and limit an individual’s rights to their own genetic material. Prior to Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc, which struck down the patentability of human genes as well, the decision in Diamond led to the proliferation of gene patents and the growth of the global biotechnology market. While the debate over the patenting of human genetic material, and individual rights, rages on, DNA-gathering companies such as 23andMe and Ancestry.com routinely utilize their customer’s genetic material for multi-million dollar pharmaceutical research. This research not only raises ethical concerns, but can also pose a potentially dangerous biosecurity threat based on the many ways this genetic material can be used to target individuals, groups, and nations.
Toward Aligning with International Gender Goals? Analysis of the Gender Equality Landscape in Japan under the Laws on Women’s Economic and Political Participation and Leadership
Authors: Hatano Ayako
Published: August 2021

Gender equality and women’s empowerment is taken as an important precondition and driving force for the achievement of all the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Despite its highly developed economy and democratic governance system, Japan’s record of gender equality, in particular, women’s political and economic leadership, has stalled for a number of years. Even after the promulgation of laws for promoting economic and political participation and leadership of women, namely, the Act on Promotion of Women’s Participation and Advancement in the Workplace (2015) and the Act on Promotion of Gender Equality in the Political Field (2018), Japan’s global ranking on gender equality was lowered further by a widening of the political gender gap and remaining dearth of female managers. This study analyses the effectiveness of the legal frameworks aimed at improving gender equality, through assessing their regulatory design, compliance, and implementation. It also highlights how gender norms underlining the international human rights law and international development agenda have affected the development and implementation of those legal frameworks. The paper concludes that the laws aimed to promote women’s leadership in the economic and political spheres have not fully performed to achieve intended goals because of their weak enforcement mechanism, the lack of strong political will as well as insufficient awareness raising and advocacy to bring about transformative changes of gendered practices embedded in social context and practice. The partnerships among global and local stakeholders including international organisations, governments, business, media, civil society, and people with diverse backgrounds are essential to provide the necessary momentum to drive the laws to work effectively on the ground, through transnational and local advocacy. Japanese society is standing at a critical juncture to advance equal voice in economic and political decision making, which is a core of democratic governance and sustainable development based on the principle of leaving no one behind.
Negotiating the Intellectual Property Protocol under the Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area: Priorities and Opportunities for Nigeria
Authors: Adewopo Adebambo , Oriakhogba Desmond , Okorie Chijioke
Published: August 2021

Early March 2021, following its ratification of the Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA agreement), Nigeria’s National Office of Trade launched a consultative process into issues constituting the country’s priorities as it prepares to participate in the negotiation of the AfCFTA agreement’s protocol on intellectual property rights (IPRs). We contributed a position paper to that process, with a focus on key policy considerations that should form Nigeria’s negotiation priorities on IPRs. This article describes some of the most important points of our submission and concludes by stressing that the broad policy focus should be to champion initiatives that promote Nigeria’s national interest and, at the same time, recognize and accommodate the ideals of inclusiveness, openness, and collaboration within the context of the AfCFTA. In this regard, the paper recommends that Nigeria should prioritize negotiations in recognition of her strongest economic assets in copyright-related sectors and focus on institutional capacity-building for its patent and technology transfer offices so that Nigeria can effectively take advantage of the relevant Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights flexibilities locally. Nigeria can learn from South Africa in domesticating the appropriate legal framework for benefit sharing and the general protection of traditional knowledge and genetic resources. The Swakopmund Protocol on the Protection of Traditional Knowledge and Expressions of Folklore 2010, the Arusha Protocol for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants 2015, and the African Union model law for the protection of the rights of local communities, farmers, breeders, and for the regulation of access to biological resources offer relevant guidance.
Radicalization potentials of young Muslims in prison: What role do religious factors play?
Authors: King Sonja , Endres Johann , Stemmler Mark
Published: August 2021

Wie steht es um das Ausmaß islamistischer Einstellungen unter jungen Muslimen im deutschen Justizvollzug? Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, Radikalisierungspotenziale und damit in Verbindung stehende mögliche religionsbezogene Einflussfaktoren sowie die Dauer der bisher verbüßten Haft anhand einer Stichprobe von 87 jungen muslimischen Inhaftierten explorativ zu untersuchen. Die Teilnehmer bearbeiteten hierfür einen Fragebogen, in dem wir Fragen zu religiösen Sozialisationserfahrungen und aktueller Religiosität stellten, sowie Zustimmung zu fundamentalistischen und religiös-militanten Aussagen erhoben. Wir untersuchten die Häufigkeitsverteilungen fundamentalistischer und militanter Einstellungen und verglichen die Skalenmittelwerte von Muslimen mit einer nicht-muslimischen Vergleichsgruppe (n = 255). Anschließend berechneten wir Regressionsmodelle und modellierten Kausalketten, die die von uns untersuchten Konzepte durch Mediation miteinander verknüpften. Unsere Ergebnisse geben Hinweise auf eine erhöhte Vulnerabilität von muslimischen Gefangenen für Radikalisierung. Weiterhin geht aus unseren Ergebnissen hervor, dass Sozialisationseinflüsse zwar offenbar keinen unmittelbaren Einfluss haben, sich aber indirekt auf das Ausmaß militanter Einstellungen auswirken. Die bisher im Gefängnis verbrachte Zeit spielt eine untergeordnete Rolle. Wir diskutieren die Verallgemeinerbarkeit unserer Ergebnisse und mögliche Implikationen für den Strafvollzug.
Effect of tempering temperature on impact energy of AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel at low temperatures
Authors: Suwanpatcharakul Kittipat , Saenarjhan Nithi , Nakthong Nathi , Lothongkum Anchaleeporn Waritswat , Lothongkum Gobboon
Published: August 2021

AISI 410 martensitic stainless-steel specimens were austenitized at 1253 K then oil quenched and tempered at 573, 673, 773 and 923 K for 3600 s. The impact energy of the specimens was tested at 298, 253, 223, 213 K and measured using ASTM E23 standard. After austenitizing and tempering, the microstructure of the specimens showed carbide precipitation. Tempering at 773 K resulted in the highest hardness due to secondary hardening, while tempering at 923 K resulted in the lowest hardness due to brittle carbide precipitation at the grain boundary which caused softening of the matrix by decreasing the solute carbon content. By contrast, the change in impact energy is inversely proportional to the hardness values. The impact surface of specimens tempered at 573, 673 and 773 K revealed transgranular fracture; on the other hand, the impact surface of the specimen tempered at 923 K revealed intergranular fracture. From our experimental results, the appropriate hardening and tempering procedure of AISI 410 for low temperatures applications is selectable.
Statistical evaluation of fatigue tests using maximum likelihood
Authors: Störzel Klaus , Baumgartner Jörg
Published: August 2021

The statistical evaluation of fatigue tests can be carried out using the maximum likelihood method. With this method, the influence of run-outs on the S-N curve can be statistically considered. Typically, a bilinear S-N curve (Wöhler curve) in double-logarithmic representation is used. The logarithmic normal distribution is the basis for describing the scatter, which is assumed here to be independent of the number of cycles. For parameter determination via the maximum likelihood method, reliability is examined and compared with the evaluation methods proposed in DIN 50100. While a defined test procedure is required for the application of DIN 50100, any test data can be evaluated according to the maximum likelihood method. In comparison with the methods proposed in DIN 50100, it could be shown through some examples that the maximum likelihood method yields very reliable results for all S-N curve parameters.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of 6082-T6 aluminum alloy–zinc coated steel braze-welded joints
Authors: Mitelea Ion , Crăciunescu Corneliu Marius , Lucian Ciprian Pavel , Uţu Ion Dragoş
Published: August 2021

The laser braze-welding technique was aimed to join a low alloyed zinc coated steel used in automotive industry, with a deformable, aging hardenable aluminum alloy from the 6xxx series using as filler material a AlSi12 wire. The heterogeneous joint was obtained by welding of aluminum alloy with the filler wire and by brazing of molten aluminum alloy together with the filler wire on the surface of a zinc coated steel which remained in solid state. The results showed that by using a proper heat input, the zinc coated steel was brazed without a melting process by the aluminum alloy which was in liquid state. On the interface between the zinc coated steel and the welded seam, a thin layer (the thickness was 6 to 8 μm) formed consisting of star (Al-Fe-Si) or needle shape (Mg-Al-Fe-Mn) intermetallic phases.
Alfred Müller-Armack und die Helmstedter Theologie
Authors: Petersen Tim
Published: August 2021

Die christlichen Wurzeln der Sozialen Marktwirtschaft sind vielfältig erforscht. Die Verbindung zwischen dem Wortschöpfer der Sozialen Marktwirtschaft, Alfred Müller-Armack und dem Helmstedter Theologen Georg Calixt ist dabei allerdings unbeachtet geblieben. Calixt versucht, nach dem Dreißigjährigen Krieg mit seiner irenischen Theologie zwischen den zerstrittenen Konfessionen zu vermitteln. Müller-Armack zieht die Parallele zu der Zeit nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg und will mit seiner Sozialen Irenik zwischen den rivalisierenden Sozialphilosophien eine Brücke schlagen. Dabei bezieht er sich explizit auf Calixt.
Die Geldpolitik der EZB: Spielt die Nationalität der Notenbanker (k)eine Rolle?
Authors: Mause Karsten , Panreck Sebastian
Published: August 2021

Bisweilen wird der Verdacht geäußert, dass zur politischen Unabhängigkeit verpflichtete EZB-Ratsmitglieder bei bestimmten geldpolitischen Entscheidungen so votiert haben, dass insb. ihr jeweiliges Heimatland von der Entscheidung profitierte. Dieser Beitrag geht diesem zumeist an Einzelfällen festgemachten Home-bias-Vorwurf erstmals anhand einer größeren Datenbasis nach. Als Fallbeispiel dient das 2015 beschlossene „Public Sector Purchase Programme“ (PSPP). Die Analyse zeigt u. a., dass sich EZB-Ratsmitglieder aus relativ hoch (niedrig) verschuldeten Euroländern tendenziell für (gegen) dieses Staatsanleihen-Ankaufprogramm ausgesprochen haben. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird diskutiert, ob der Tatbestand, dass z. B. Notenbanker aus hoch verschuldeten Ländern ein geldpolitisches Instrument präferieren, welches insb. ihren Heimatländern nutzt, da es den fiskalischen Druck auf diese reduziert, als empirische Evidenz für einen ‚home bias‘ interpretiert werden kann.
Walter Eucken’s Concept of Economic Order and Business Cycle Analysis
Authors: Grudev Lachezar
Published: August 2021

Walter Eucken formulated his concept of economic order as a solution to the tension between theoretical approaches and empirical observation that had constituted the conflict between the Austrian School of Economics and the German Historical School. Previous literature has established the linkage between the German-language business cycle debate of the late 1920 s and Eucken’s concept of economic order. This paper discusses how his concept of economic order can help to understand the severity of economic crises and thus concentrates on the elements constituting the economic order, i. e. its ideal types, with whose help Eucken aimed to derive hypothetical propositions. Based on the writings of his students Leonhard Miksch and Friedrich A. Lutz who underscored the role of equilibrium in business cycle research, this paper suggests that abstract theory of economic crises should employ ideal types as models and thus study how exogenous shocks affect the endogenous economic variables. The subject of inquiry should be oriented to the process of equilibrium reestablishment. Crucial for this paper is that the equilibrium reestablishment depends on institutional factors. This method to explain economic crises represents the link which connects the business cycle debate of the 1920 s and 1930 s to the subsequent emergence of the ordoliberal theory of institutions and orders.
Das Paradox der Freiheit – Der Sozialismus als individualistische Weltanschauung
Authors: Braun Eduard
Published: August 2021

Im Regelfall versteht man den Sozialismus als eine kollektivistische Ideologie und daher als einen Gegenspieler des Liberalismus. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird ein Standpunkt ausgeleuchtet, der dieser Interpretation widerspricht. Demnach ist der Sozialismus die extreme Form des Individualismus und als solche die ideologische Fortsetzung des Liberalismus. Die marxistische Ausbeutungstheorie und der derzeitige Kampf für Minderheitenrechte – die „Identitätspolitik“ – sind von individualistischen Vorstellungen beseelt. Die übliche Interpretation des Sozialismus als kollektivistisch lässt sich erklären aus der historischen Tendenz des modernen, individualistischen Staates, seine Macht im Namen der Freiheit und der Gleichheit auszudehnen und die Gesellschaft in diesem Zuge mit einer wachsenden Anzahl von bürokratischen Regeln zu überziehen, die paradoxerweise die Freiheit und die Gleichheit einschränken, die sie eigentlich garantieren sollen.
Das optimale Design von Auktionen als Teil einer modernen Ordnungspolitik: Zum Ökonomie-Nobelpreis 2020 für Robert Wilson und Paul Milgrom
Authors: Haucap Justus
Published: August 2021

Der Beitrag beschreibt und würdigt die auktionstheoretische Forschung von Robert Wilson und Paul Milgrom, die gemeinsam im Jahr 2020 für ihre Beiträge zur Auktionstheorie und die Entwicklung neuer Auktionsformate mit dem Ökonomie-Nobelpreis ausgezeichnet wurden. Nach einer kurzen Darstellung wichtiger elementarer Auktionsformen werden konkret die Beiträge der beiden Laureaten diskutiert. Im Fazit kommt der Beitrag zu dem Ergebnis, dass das Forschungsprogramm von Milgrom und Wilson zum sog. Marktdesign keineswegs im Gegensatz zur Ordnungspolitik steht, sondern vielmehr selbst Teil einer modernen Ordnungspolitik ist, mit dem Ziel, die Ordnung der Wirtschaft und damit auch Marktregeln so zu gestalten, dass es kurzfristig sowie langfristig zu einer möglichst effizienten Allokation knapper Ressourcen kommt.
Strong emission at 1000 nm from Pr3+/Yb3+-codoped multicomponent tellurite glass
Authors: Burtan-Gwizdala Bozena , Reben Manuela , Cisowski Jan , Yousef El Sayed , Lisiecki Radoslaw , Nosidlak Natalia
Published: August 2021

We have investigated the spectroscopic properties of Pr3+-doped and Pr3+/Yb3+-codoped tellurite glass with the molar composition 78TeO2–10Nb2O5–5PbO–1PbF2–5Li2O–1La2O3. Analysis of the absorption data has allowed us to calculate the radiative lifetimes of 3P0 excited state of Pr3+ ions and 2F5/2 excited state of Yb3+ ions as being equal to 9.43 and 440 µs, respectively. These values appear to be much higher than those obtained from the lifetime measurements indicating the presence of various energy transfer mechanisms. This conclusion is supported by analysis of the emission spectra obtained for doped glasses under the 445 nm excitation; the visible spectra consist of only Pr3+ transitions, while the near infrared spectrum of Pr3+/Yb3+-codoped glass demonstrates a strong emission from the 2F5/2 excited state of Yb3+ ion around 1000 nm. This emission is a result of the Pr3+–Yb3+ down-conversion energy transfer and its efficiency for our Pr3+/Yb3+-codoped glass is estimated as 29 %. For potential applications, it is important to increase this efficiency and further studies are desirable, in particular, an optimal choice of Pr3+ and Yb3+ concentrations to minimize non-radiative energy transfers among the ions through cross-relaxation and energy migration processes.
Die Flexion der Indefinita jemand und niemand
Authors: Weitkamp Linnéa
Published: August 2021

This article investigates the inflection of the German indefinite pronouns jemand and niemand in the accusative and dative. The pronouns are used both with inflectional suffix (jemanden/jemandem, niemanden/niemandem) and without (jemand, niemand) and are thus an example of current variation in contemporary German. The grammars take an unusually liberal stance and describe both forms as correct, partially even with preference to the uninflected form. A corpus study which examines conceptually written data of the DeReKo (German reference corpus) and conceptually oral data of the DECOW16B (German web corpus), shows that over 90 % of occurrences are inflected. But almost 10 % of uninflected forms show that these formations are no arbitrary errors either. To find out what influences the presence or absence of the inflectional ending, a binary logistic regression model was calculated. The following factors proved to be significant influencing factors for inflection: the degree of formality (DeReKo vs. DECOW16B), the lexeme (jemand vs. niemand), the case (acc vs. dat), government by preposition vs. government by verb and the following nominalized adjective (jemand anderen). With regard to the different inflectional suffixes, the frequent use of -en in the dative stood out in particular. Although this form is classified as erroneous in all grammars, almost 30 % of the dative occurrences in informal DECOW16B data are formed in this way.
Sprechakttheoretische Überlegungen zur Typographie – am Beispiel von Presseüberschriften
Authors: Finkbeiner Rita
Published: August 2021

Using the example of newspaper headlines, this paper develops a speech-act theoretic approach to aspects of meaning that can be communicated through the use of typographic means. After considering, more generally, the relationship between speech act theory and writing, analogies between prosody and typography are discussed and the claim is developed that typographic means, just as prosodic means, may function as illocutionary force indicating devices. Using Gallmann’s (1985) system of graphic means, newspaper headlines are defined, more specifically, as typographic objects indicating the (meta-textual) illocution type of an announcement of the text topic. Finally, the relationship between the grammatically determined illocution of a (sentential) headline and its typographically determined meta-textual illocution is modeled, on the basis of Searle’s (1982b) account of fictional speech acts, as an interplay of „vertical“ and „horizontal“ rules. The paper closes with a discussion of the more general question whether typographic acts are speech acts.
Zum humoristischen Umgang mit Covid-19 in der Sprache
Authors: Reutner Ursula
Published: August 2021

The global outbreak of Covid-19 in 2020 changed the world in many ways. Language reflects these changes at various levels. The article considers the linguistic effects of the pandemic with humorous potential: various types of puns, the jocular exploitation of the polysemy ofcorona, and playful components of contemporary trending words. As a result, not only do portmanteaus and compounds prove to be particularly prone to entertain, but it is also shown that the various forms of word play generally depend on ludic remotivation, a kind of remotivation which is finally situated and defined between the scholarly and the folk etymological type.
A europium kagome lattice in the solid solution Eu3−х
Sr
х
Pt4Zn12 – first zinc representatives of the Gd3Ru4Al12 type
Authors: Klenner Steffen , Reimann Maximilian Kai , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: August 2021

Eu3Pt4Zn12 and Sr3Pt4Zn12 form a complete solid solution Eu3−x
Sr
x
Pt4Zn12. Samples with x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 were synthesized from the elements in sealed tantalum ampoules in an induction furnace. All samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and the structures of Sr3Pt3.93Zn12.07, Eu1.80Sr1.20Pt4Zn12 and Eu3Pt3.68Zn12.32 were refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data. The new compounds are isotypic with Gd3Ru4Al12, space group P63/mmc. The striking building units in these phases are the kagome networks occupied by the europium and strontium atoms and Pt1@Zn8 and Pt2@Zn8 distorted cubes. Besides the Eu/Sr mixing within the solid solution, the structure refinements indicated small homogeneity ranges induced by Pt/Zn mixing. The europium containing samples of the solid solution Eu3−x
Sr
x
Pt4Zn12 are Curie–Weiss paramagnets and the experimental magnetic moments manifest stable divalent europium. The samples with x = 0, 0.5 and 2 order magnetically: T
N = 15.4(1) K for x = 0, T
C = 12.4(1) K for x = 0.5 and T
N = 4.0(1) K for x = 2. The 3 K magnetization isotherms tend toward Brillouin type behavior with increasing europium dilution. The divalent ground state of Eu3Pt4Zn12 is further confirmed by 151Eu Mössbauer spectroscopy with an isomer shift of −9.66(2) mm s−1 at 78 K. In the magnetically ordered state Eu3Pt4Zn12 shows full magnetic hyperfine field splitting (23.0(1) T).
New tools for studying Finnish archaeology and Uralic languages
Authors: Moilanen Ulla , Pesonen Petro , Norvik Miina , Saipio Jarkko , Vesakoski Outi , Immonen Visa , Onkamo Päivi
Published: August 2021

Between 2018 and 2020 the Kipot ja kielet [Beakers and Speakers] project (KiKi) collected a typological database of archaeological artefacts in Finland and a typological linguistic database of Uralic languages. Both datasets will be accessible through a public online interface (URHIA) from 2021. The data will help integrate Finnish- and Uralic-speaking areas into global perspectives on human history.
SOCIODRAMA AS A RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Authors: Feijó Neide , Ferracini Lúcio
Published: August 2021

We conducted an action research with students of the Psychodrama Course, with the objective of identifying the characteristics valued by a researcher. With regard to Sociodrama as a method, we show especially the greater ease of collecting, analyzing and validating the data with the group itself, while also performing a critical analysis of the information obtained. Lastly, to acknowledge that this methodology allowed facilitated reflection, decision making and construction of coping strategies for the situations that the students themselves experienced as researchers.
PEDAGOGIA DECOLONIAL PSICODRAMÁTICA
Authors: Albernaz Renata Ovenhausen , Azevedo Ariston , Faé Rogério
Published: August 2021

Pedagogical practice focused on the exclusive cognitive assimilation of concepts has been limited in the effect of improving the understanding of Decolonial Critical Theories. Even though these theories represent facts of a structural scale, and thus of a high level of abstraction, we presuppose that it is necessary to bring them closer to the students’ experiences so that they can be better decoded. This allows students to improve their critical assimilation and their personal and citizen position taking. There are several pedagogical possibilities with this assumption, but in this research, we problematize: can J.L. Moreno’s psychodramatic method help to develop decolonial pedagogical practices? The basis of this article was the development of a university extension project, with the participation of students and teachers at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (2018–2019), from which this article lists reflections on: (1) potentials of the method; (2) role of the teacher; (3) students’ perceptions; (4) challenges of the method.
EFEITOS PSICOTERAPÊUTICOS EM UM PARTICIPANTE DE UM ATO SOCIONÔMICO
Authors: Fernandes Claudia Clementi
Published: August 2021

This article aims to highlight the psychotherapeutic effects of public socionomic acts. A public psychodrama experience took place at the São Paulo Cultural Center in 2018. One of the participants in this act, which brought the protagonist theme in an intense way, was later individually attended to during four psychotherapeutic sessions. During individual consultations, it was possible to elaborate what was experienced in public psychodrama, reaffirming the effectiveness of the work. In the socionomic act in question, we used theatrical language, a fundamental part of the device created by the Gota D’Água group, as a guide for the work. Initially seen as a socio-educational intervention device, I defend, in this article, its psychotherapeutic potential given by the dramatic action.
Digital Society and Digital Sociology: One Thing Leads to the Other
Authors: Serpa Sandro
Published: August 2021

This paper aims to contribute to the discussion on the inescapable relevance of digital sociology in the apprehension of this new world in which the physical and the virtual are often intrinsically linked.