bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen-Fixing Plants Enhance Soil Phosphorus Availability by Promoting Transformations Among Phosphorus Fractions in a Subtropical Karst Forest
Authors: Zhu Yu , Gao Zhizhuo , Liu Lijun , Li Jie , Zhu Tongbin , Ma Jiangming , DeLuca Thomas H. , Duan Min
Published: February 2025

Nitrogen (N)-fixing plants are commonly employed in the restoration of degraded terrestrial ecosystems due to their ability to increase soil N capital and boost ecosystem productivity. Given the close coupling between N and phosphorus (P) in soil, the effects of N-fixing plants on soil P fractions and availability in karst forests remain largely unexplored. Herein, we compared soil P pools, fractions, and availability in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of N-fixing and non-N-fixing plants, and explored associated drivers, such as soil, microbial, and plant properties, in a subtropical karst forest. The results showed that the N-fixing plants increased total P, inorganic P, and available P in both the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils. The nitrogen-fixing plants increased soil labile P (LP) and non-labile P (NLP), but decreased moderately labile P (MLP), particularly in the rhizosphere soils, due to transformations among different soil P fractions. Soil P fractions were primarily influenced by soil inorganic P, root and leaf N, and microbial biomass N in the N-fixing plant treatment, whereas soil inorganic P, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and dissolved organic N (DON) were the key factors in the non-N-fixing plant treatment. Consequently, soil properties, microbial attributes, plant nutrients, and soil P fractions collectively exerted both direct and indirect effects to increase soil P availability in the N-fixing plant treatment. In contrast, soil P fractions directly and soil properties indirectly influenced soil P availability in the non-N-fixing plant treatment. Our results revealed the unique role of N-fixing plants in driving soil P availability in subtropical karst forests. These findings are essential for developing effective strategies for P nutrient management and guiding the selection of appropriate plant species for vegetation restoration in karst regions.
Effects of Fish Meal Replacement with Poultry By-Product Meal on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism, Hepatic–Intestinal Health and Ammonia Nitrogen Stress in Siniperca chuatsi
Authors: Tang Shulin , Ma Huanchao , Hua Xueming , Wang Lei , Yun Biao , Zhu Xuan , Qian Xueqiao
Published: February 2025

Fish meal (FM) replacement is essential for sustainable aquaculture development. This study investigated the effects of FM replacement with poultry by-product meal (PBM) on growth performance, hepatic and intestinal health and ammonia nitrogen stress resistance in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). A 52-day feeding trial was conducted using PBM to replace fish meal at levels of 0%, 17.5%, 35.0%, 52.5% and 70.0%. The results showed that FM replacement with PBM did not influence growth performance in mandarin fish. Moderate PBM replacement (≤35.0%) did not harm liver health and enhanced the intestinal structure. However, excessive replacement (≥52.5%) caused hepatocyte damage, reduced antioxidant capacity and decreased survival under ammonia nitrogen stress. Notably, 70% PBM replacement led to severe hepatic lipid accumulation, inhibiting fatty acid β-oxidation and triglyceride hydrolysis pathways. Furthermore, high PBM levels (≥52.5%) also reduced intestinal muscularis thickness, downregulated tight junction proteins and induced inflammation. In conclusion, while PBM replacement does not hinder growth, maintaining levels below 35.0% (PBM ≤ 28.5%) is essential for preserving hepatic lipid metabolism, intestinal health and antioxidant defense in mandarin fish.
Impact of Selected Starters and Cassava Varieties on the Proximate, Rheological, and Volatile Profiles of Lafun
Authors: Fawole Abosede O. , Karatzas Kimon-Andreas G. , Parker Jane K. , Fagan Colette C.
Published: February 2025

Spontaneous fermentation is currently used to produce lafun from cassava, leading to inconsistent product quality and decreased safety. Using starter cultures and optimising the selection of the raw materials can overcome this. This study evaluated the impact of various lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starters and varieties of cassava (bitter: IBA30527; vitamin A fortified bitter: IBA011371; and sweet: TMEB117) on the proximate, rheological, and volatile profiles of lafun. The varieties were fermented with four selected LAB (two strains of Weissella koreensis, Lactococcus lactis, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides). The use of fortified cassava showed higher potential to improve the quality of lafun. The combination of fortified cassava and Leuconostoc mesenteroides gave the highest nutritional value (ash: 4.37% cf. 1.33%; protein: 3.08% cf. 0.87%; and fibre: 7.43% cf. 1.43%). Fermenting the fortified cassava with Weissella koreensis-2 produced lafun gruel with the best viscoelastic properties, indicating an overall better product quality. The fortified cassava fermented with combined cultures of W. koreensis-1 and L. lactis resulted in a product with lower levels of carboxylic acids (cheesy) and lipid oxidation products (fried, rancid) but higher concentrations of carotenoid-derived compounds (fruity). The use of LAB in the controlled fermentation of fortified cassava could be a sustainable alternative to improve the physical, nutritional, and flavour properties of lafun.
Antibiofilm Activity of Amomum tsaoko Essential Oil on Staphylococcus aureus and Its Application in Pork Preservation
Authors: Yan Zhifeng , Guo Junrui , Chen Qiming , Wan Sibao , Qin Zhen , Gao Haiyan
Published: February 2025

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) can contaminate food by forming biofilms, leading to significant food safety concerns. Amomum tsaoko essential oil (AEO) has been shown to be an effective plant-derived antibacterial agent. This study investigated the antibiofilm activity of AEO and evaluated its potential benefit in pork preservation. The results showed that AEO solution (2 mg/mL) can effectively remove the biofilm of S. aureus on food contact materials, achieving a removal rate of over 90%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the S. aureus biofilm structure was disrupted after treatment with AEO. Meanwhile, AEO treatment significantly reduced the initial formation of S. aureus biofilms and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production. In addition, AEO down-regulated the expression of key biofilm-associated genes, including icaA, icaB, agrA, cidA, cidB, and cidC, thereby regulating formation. AEO also exhibited significant antibiofilm activity in pork preservation, effectively controlling key indicators associated with pork spoilage. This study revealed the potential of AEO in food preservation, demonstrating its ability to disrupt S. aureus biofilms by inhibiting initial formation, reducing the release of EPS secretion, and regulating the expression of biofilm-associated genes.
Edible Insects: Global Research Trends, Biosafety Challenges, and Market Insights in the Mexican Context
Authors: Cruz-García Keyla , Ortiz-Hernández Yolanda Donají , Acevedo-Ortiz Marco Aurelio , Aquino-Bolaños Teodulfo , Aquino-López Tlacaelel , Lugo-Espinosa Gema , Ortiz-Hernández Fernando Elí
Published: February 2025

The growing global interest in edible insects as a sustainable protein source has positioned them as a promising solution to food security challenges. In Mexico, entomophagy is deeply embedded in cultural traditions, particularly in Oaxaca, where grasshoppers, leafcutter ants, and red agave worms form an integral part of the region’s intangible heritage. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of global research on edible insects (2009–2023) using Scopus and tools such as VOSviewer and Bibliometrix to analyze 218 publications. The analysis highlighted research trends, influential authors, and key themes, including nutrition, biosafety, and sustainability. To complement the bibliometric study, an exploratory analysis of edible insect commercialization in Oaxaca was conducted, focusing on virtual platforms and local markets. The findings reveal consistent global growth in edible insect research, with Mexico contributing six publications between 2020 and 2023. Despite advancements in safety standards and regulatory frameworks globally, Mexico still lacks formal sanitary controls and regulations for insect-based products. Nevertheless, its diverse commercialization efforts and rich cultural heritage, particularly in Oaxaca, showcase its potential to bridge tradition and innovation. This study highlights the urgent need for regulatory frameworks and research capacity to ensure safety, preserve cultural identity, and sustainably expand Mexico’s edible insect market.
Awareness of Seafood Safety Concerning Radioactivity: Country-Based Comparisons of Food Safety Issues
Authors: Kyung Min-Sook , Do Hyun-Wook , Seo Jung-Woon , Moon Won-Wi , Ham Sunny
Published: February 2025

The present study examined how consumer awareness of seafood safety in different countries influences their concerns about radioactivity in seafood, focusing on the moderating impact of interest in food safety issues. Data from the 2021 Food Consumption Behavior Survey conducted by the 2021 Korea Rural Economic Institute were analyzed. The survey targeted 3318 primary food purchasers in households with members aged 19–75 years old. Lower safety awareness of Japanese seafood and European seafood correlated with higher levels of concern about radioactivity. Additionally, regarding the moderating effect of interest in food safety issues, lower safety awareness of European seafood correlated with greater concern about radioactivity. However, a positive moderating effect of interest in food safety issues was observed for the interaction between safety awareness of European seafood and concerns about radioactivity in seafood. The findings suggest that consumers’ safety awareness about seafood was associated with their concerns about radioactivity in seafood. Thus, it is necessary to reduce consumers’ concerns about radioactivity and elevate their safety awareness of seafood. The strategies would be suggested to elevate consumers’ perception of seafood safety awareness. The seafood industry invests in the production process to enhance the safety of seafood. The government applies new technologies to analyze seafood safety and radioactivity levels in seafood, which, thus, assures consumers’ seafood consumption.
Removal Capacity and Mechanism of Modified Chitosan for Ochratoxin A Based on Rapid Magnetic Separation Technology
Authors: Xin Xueyan , Nan Mina , Bi Yang , Xue Huali , Lyu Liang , Jiang Daiwei , Chen Hongjuan , Luo Qifang
Published: February 2025

Ochratoxin A (OTA) exposure in food is very dangerous to human health. Therefore, the development of a fast and efficient technique for OTA removal has become an urgent research topic in the field of food safety. Nano Fe3O4 modified chitosan nanocomposite (nano-Fe3O4@CTS) was synthesized as a rapidly separable and safe adsorbent and was used to adsorb OTA in wine. FT-IR, XRD, and VSM characterization methods indicated that chitosan was successfully modified by Fe3O4 and exhibited good magnetism. The adsorption and kinetics isotherms between OTA and nano-Fe3O4@CTS were studied by the Langmuir equation and the pseudo-second order kinetics equation. The mechanism of OTA adsorption on nano-Fe3O4@CTS nanoparticles was the combined effect of physical adsorption and chemisorption. The negative ΔH°, ΔG° and ΔS° values proved that the adsorption was a spontaneous and exothermic process. Nano-Fe3O4@CTS with a high maximum adsorption capacity of 5018.07 ng/g at 25 °C can rapidly separate the matrix immobilized OTA from wine, and to a certain extent retains some of the wine quality after OTA removal.
Genetic Algorithm-Back Propagation Neural Network Model- and Response Surface Methodology-Based Optimization of Polysaccharide Extraction from Cinnamomum cassia Presl, Isolation, Purification and Bioactivities
Authors: Chen Qicong , Zhang Wenqing , Wang Yali , Cai Weifeng , Ni Qian , Jiang Cuiping , Li Jiyu , Shen Chunyan
Published: February 2025

Ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) was utilized to obtain the polysaccharides from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia Presl. (C. cassia). Taking the yield of the crude polysaccharides from C. cassia (CCCP) as the assessment indicator, response surface methodology (RSM) and a genetic algorithm-back propagation (GA-BP) artificial neural network model were employed to forecast and contrast the optimal parameters for UAEE. The outcomes demonstrated that the GA-BP model, which was superior in prediction accuracy and optimization capabilities to the RSM and BP models, identified the following conditions as optimal for the UAEE of CCCP: cellulase was employed, the temperature for enzymatic hydrolysis was 50.0 °C, the pH value was 5.248, the addition of enzyme was 3%, and the ultrasonic time was 70.153 min. Under these parameters, the yield of CCCP was significantly increased to 28.35%. Then, UAEE-extracted CCCP under optimal conditions was further separated and purified using a DEAE-52 column and SephadexG-100 column, yielding five purified polysaccharides from C. cassia (CCPs). All of these five fractions were acidic polysaccharides with safety at 3 mg/mL. The CCPs did not significantly affect the viability of HaCaT cells affected by UVB exposure. The CCPs demonstrated differential inhibition of nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide.
Overview and Research Prospects on Fractional Co-Evolution Modeling of “Epidemic–Opinion” System
Authors: Ding Dongnv , Cao Kecai , Chen Yangquan , Gu Juping , Meng Qingmin
Published: February 2025

The co-evolutionary research of complex network propagation dynamics systems has gradually become a hot topic in domestic and international research in recent years. This article reviews the research progress of epidemic dynamics systems and public opinion dynamics systems, providing a theoretical basis and knowledge reserve for the co-evolutionary research of the “epidemic–opinion” system. Firstly, following the path of process complexity, this article points out the similarities in mathematical modeling between the two types of systems from a dynamic perspective, as well as the latest research progress. Based on this, the article fully considers the common complex network attributes of these two types of systems, and from the perspective of the increasing complexity of networks, it sorts out the relevant research progress of the “epidemic–opinion” system and the necessity of its co-evolutionary research. Finally, from the perspective of complex engineering systems, the article looks forward to the difficulties and problems that may be encountered in the co-evolutionary research process. From the two dimensions of process complexity and network complexity, the latest research progress is summarized, while key issues and potential difficulties in the next step of co-evolutionary research for the “epidemic–opinion” system are pointed out, providing a reference and inspiration for relevant researchers.
Temperature-Responsive Micro-Cross-Linking: A Novel Solution for Enhancing High-Temperature Viscosity and Settlement Stability of High-Density Cement Slurry
Authors: Song Lifang , Wang Chengwen , Liu Jingping , Li Dingye
Published: February 2025

In order to solve the problem of solid-phase particle settlement of high-density cement paste used in deep/ultra-deep wells, a temperature-responsive micro-cross-linking method was innovatively adopted to increase the viscosity and settlement stability of high-density cement paste at high temperatures. Through the self-developed suspension stabilizer and cross-linking agent to form micro-cross-linking gel at high temperature, the increase in high-temperature viscosity of cement paste was successfully realized without increasing the low-temperature viscosity of cement paste. Moreover, this micro-cross-linking reaction, together with the hydrophobic binding effect of the suspension stabilizer, strengthened the filamentary linkage network structure in the polymer solution with the formation of a lamellar linkage network structure. This effectively compensated for the decrease in viscosity of the polymer solution with increasing temperature. The results show that the micro-cross-linked system can be successfully cross-linked at elevated temperatures of 120–220 °C in pH 8–13 and salt content of 0–10%. The viscosity of the micro-cross-linked system was 144.5 mPa·s after 20 min at 220 °C with a shear rate of 170 s−1, which was 91% higher than the viscosity of the un-cross-linked system. After curing at 220 °C, the density difference between the top and bottom of the high-density cement was 0.025 g/cm3, which was 84% lower than the un-cross-linked system. This helped the high-density cement slurry to maintain the homogeneity of the components at high temperatures and ensured the high-temperature consistency and suspension stability of the slurry. This study helps to improve the cementing effect of deep/ultra-deep wells and provides a new method to solve the problems of cement slurry settlement and destabilization under high-temperature and high-pressure well conditions.
Distributed Flexible Sensors Based on Supercapacitor Gel Materials
Authors: Zhang Chenghong
Published: February 2025

Gel material sensors are lightweight, have fast response speeds and low driving voltages, and have recently become a popular research topic worldwide in the bionics field. A sensing unit is formed by pressing two kinds of gel materials together: a positioning layer gel based on acrylamide and lithium chloride and a sensing layer gel based on the ionic liquid BMIMBF4. Based on a stress–strain experiment of the sensing layer gel, a constitutive relationship model of its hyperelastic mechanical properties was established, and the elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the sensing layer material were deduced. The capacitive response of the ion‒gel shunt capacitor to loading was observed to prove its ability to act as a pressure sensor. Although the gel thickness differs, the capacitance and load pressure exhibit a linear relationship. The capacitance was measured via cyclic voltammetry using the equivalent plate capacitor model for the positioning layer gel. The capacitance range of the gel sensor of a certain size was obtained via the cyclic voltammetry integral formula, which provided parameters for circuit design. A plate capacitor model of the sensing layer gel and an open four-impedance branch parallel model of the positioning layer gel were established. Two confirmatory experiments were designed for the models: first, the relationship between the sensing layer force and capacitance was measured, and the function curve relationship was established via a black box model; second, the theoretical and measured points of the positioning layer were compared, and the error was analyzed and corrected.
Modified Nanocellulose Hydrogels and Applications in Sensing Fields
Authors: Yang Lan , Yuan Qian-Yu , Lou Ching-Wen , Li Ting-Ting , Lin Jia-Horng
Published: February 2025

Due to the intensification of global warming and the greenhouse effect, the exploration and research of sustainable sensors have become a research direction of people. Cellulose-based hydrogels, as a new kind of green material with strong plasticity, have become a popular material for sensor development. Due to the limited mechanical properties and poor compatibility of single-cellulose-based hydrogels, researchers have modified them to not only retain the original excellent properties of cellulose hydrogels, but also increase other properties, which has broadened the field of developing cellulose hydrogel sensors. From 2017 to 2020, cellulose-based hydrogel sensors were mainly used for biosensing applications, with a focus on the detection of biomolecules. Since then, researchers have increasingly turned their attention to pressure and strain sensors, especially those that are flexible and suitable for wearable devices. This paper introduces the modification of cellulose and cellulose-based hydrogels in detail, and lists the applications of modified cellulose-based hydrogels in different functional sensor directions, which provides different ideas for the application of modified cellulose-based hydrogels in the field of sensing, and proves that they have great potential in the field of sensing.
The Impact of the Competition on miRNA, Proteins, and Metabolites in the Blood Exosomes of the Yili Horse
Authors: Yuan Xinxin , Yao Xinkui , Zeng Yaqi , Wang Jianwen , Ren Wanlu , Wang Tongliang , Li Xueyan , Yang Lipin , Yang Xixi , Meng Jun
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Horse racing may cause stress-induced physiological changes and tissue damage in horses, but the changes in miRNA expression, protein expression, and metabolic substances in the plasma exosomes of the Yili horse after racing are still unclear. This study detected miRNA, protein expression, and metabolic substances in the plasma exosomes of Yili horses before and after competition, providing new insights for post-race recovery and care of Yili horses. Method: Eight three-year-old Yili horses that had undergone training were selected as the research subjects, with four horses that had not competed as the control group and four horses that had participated in the competition for half an hour as the training group. Extract whole blood and separate plasma from two groups of horses, and then extract plasma exosomes; MiRNAs, proteins, and metabolites in extracellular vesicles were detected and analyzed using miRNAomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. P Result: After the competition, the levels of miRNAs related to the cytoplasm and nucleus in Yili horse plasma exosomes increased, and miRNAs related to the transcription and transcriptional regulation of biological processes significantly increased. The levels of proteins related to the cytoplasm and nucleus also increased, and the levels of proteins related to cell signaling function increased, carbohydrates and their metabolites were significantly reduced. Conclusions: The competition process causes significant changes in the miRNA, proteomics, and metabolomics of plasma exosomes in the Yili horses, which are mainly related to metabolic regulation.
The Economic Cost of Nursing Care of Palliative Patients in the Emergency Department
Authors: dos Santos Afonso Tânia , Capelas Manuel Luís , Martins Lurdes
Published: February 2025

(1) Background: The economic cost of nursing care to palliative patients in avoidable hospital admission is unknown. (2) Methods: An observational, retrospective, and analytical study was used encompassing the economic cost of nursing care in a general hospital emergency department that uses descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. (3) Results: We have a sample of 273 palliative patients in preventable hospital admissions (76.3%, CI 95%: 71.7–80.8), deceased, in 2019. With a median of 84 years, about 80% were admitted home after 5 h of complaints, mainly due to respiratory symptoms. Patients remained for approximately 24 h in the emergency department, totaling a median of EUR 180.98 in nursing care costs per admission. (4) Conclusions: It was evident that with the knowledge obtained about palliative economic nursing costs, we could increase results, manage resources, and consolidate PC integration in health systems, as this study proved. This study was not registered.
Architect Ivo Radić: Merging International and Regional Design Principles in Collective Housing in the 1960s in Split, Croatia
Authors: Perković Jović Vesna , Mrinjek Kliska Neda , Mlinar Ivan
Published: February 2025

Ivo Radić (Split, 1930–Split, 2006) is a prominent Croatian architect who contributed mostly to the field of residential architecture and tourism facilities. The most important buildings that he designed were realised in Split, a city in the Mediterranean part of Croatia. Buildings that he designed have many features of the International style. Nevertheless, in their design, the architect also successfully introduced the elements of regional Mediterranean vocabulary, using contemporary materials and technology. This paper is focused on three formative projects of architect Ivo Radić, analysing them by their urban context, architectural design and technical innovation of their architectural elements, trying to outline the architect’s discourse. The aim of the research is to emphasise the importance of Ivo Radić’s work in the context of the modernist urban and architectural heritage of Split and Croatia and to underline the need to define an appropriate approach in the evaluation and protection of the heritage of modernist residential architecture and urbanism.
Technological Innovations in Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture: Pathways to Sustainable Food Systems in Metropolises
Authors: Fei Shulang , Wu Ruiqin , Liu He , Yang Feifei , Wang Nan
Published: February 2025

Metropolitan areas increasingly confront complex challenges related to food security, social inequality, environmental degradation, and resource scarcity, exacerbated by rapid urbanization, climate change, and the reliance on extended, fragile supply chains. Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) is recognized as a promising approach to mitigate these issues. For example, it enhances food security and nutrition by strengthening local food supply systems, improves livelihoods by providing employment and income for local residents, and promotes environmental sustainability through the creation of greening spaces and reduction of food miles. However, the full potential of UPA remains constrained by various technological, economic, and social barriers, such as limited growing spaces, lack of land tenure security, low economic efficiency, and insufficient public awareness and acceptance. Given that the technological innovations are critical in overcoming these barriers and maximizing the positive impacts of UPA, this review provides a state-of-the-art overview of advanced technologies and tools applicable to UPA, aiming to inform how these innovations can be better enabled to enhance UPA’s contributions to sustainable urban food systems. The review begins by defining UPA, categorizing its various forms, and exploring its multifunctional roles within urban contexts. It then presents a thorough analysis of a range of UPA technologies that serve specific purposes, including productivity and product quality improvement, space utilization optimization, resource recycling, and land use management. Furthermore, the review evaluates the current challenges faced by these technologies throughout the stages of research and development (R&D), dissemination and extension, and application and commercialization, employing an analytical framework adapted from Technology Life Cycle theories. In conclusion, the review emphasizes the crucial roles that UPA and relevant technological innovations play in transforming food systems and urban environments. It proposes four key recommendations: (1) enhancing funding mechanisms and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration for UPA R&D, (2) strengthening UPA technology dissemination systems, (3) promoting economic feasibility and market integration within UPA business models, and (4) establishing supportive environments among all stakeholders in the innovation process. These targeted strategies are essential for scaling UPA technologies, thereby strengthening food security, environmental sustainability, and socio-economic resilience in metropolitan areas.
Determination of the Total Phosphorus Decay Coefficient Based on Hydrological Models in an Artificial Reservoir in the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region
Authors: Lima Francisco Josivan de Oliveira , Lopes Fernando Bezerra , Cid Daniel Antônio Camelo , Lima Neto Iran Eduardo , Rocha Renan Vieira , Estácio Alyson Brayner Sousa , Araújo Isabel Cristina da Silva , Luna Nayara Rochelli de Sousa , Pontes Michele Cunha , Souza Arthur Costa Tomaz de , Andrade Eunice Maia de
Published: February 2025

Phosphorus input into surface water is a global concern due to its role in eutrophication, which is especially critical in semi-arid regions with their challenging climatic conditions. This study evaluated the best model for estimating the phosphorus decay coefficient (k) in semi-arid lakes, using flows from the Soil Moisture Accounting Procedure (SMAP), model of Génie Rural à 4 paramètres Journalier (GR4J), and reverse water balance hydrological models. Conducted at the Orós reservoir with 37 sampling campaigns from 2008 to 2017, it compared decay rates for temperate, tropical, and semi-arid climates. Some analyses also used phosphorus concentrations measured at the reservoir inlet. Model efficiency was assessed with bias, mean relative error, mean squared error, root mean squared error, and standard deviation. from the best models, water quality classes were classified based on phosphorus concentrations with the use of a confusion matrix to calculate accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The findings demonstrated that the decay rate tailored for semi-arid regions, when combined with GR4J flow data, offered the highest accuracy in estimating phosphorus concentrations (bias = 0.0012, RMSE = 0.0326, EMR = 60.6134, STD = 0.0312). In contrast, the decay rate calibrated for tropical conditions with SMAP-derived flows proved superior for classifying water quality categories (classes defined by CONAMA Resolution 357/05). Therefore, the GR4J model for semi-arid conditions stands out for concentration estimation, while the tropical decay rate with SMAP flows is preferable for effective classification of water quality status.
Clinical Proof-of-Concept of a Non-Gene Editing Technology Using miRNA-Based shRNA to Engineer Allogeneic CAR T-Cells
Authors: Lonez Caroline , Bolsée Jennifer , Huberty Fanny , Nguyen Thuy , Jacques-Hespel Céline , Anguille Sebastien , Flament Anne , Breman Eytan
Published: February 2025

With the success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in B-cell malignancies, efforts are being made to extend this therapy to other malignancies and broader patient populations. However, limitations associated with the time-consuming and highly personalized manufacturing of autologous CAR T-cells remain. Allogeneic CAR T-cell approaches may overcome these challenges but require further engineering to reduce their alloreactivity. As a means to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) of allogeneic CAR T-cells, we have selected a micro RNA (miRNA)-based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting CD3ζ which efficiently downregulates the expression of the T-cell receptor (TCR) below detection level. We generated allogeneic anti-B-cell maturation antigen CAR T-cells (CYAD-211) that co-express an anti-CD3ζ miRNA-based shRNA within the CAR construct which efficiently inhibited TCR-mediated signaling in vitro and GvHD in vivo. CYAD-211 was subsequently evaluated in a Phase-I clinical trial (NCT04613557), in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. No signs of GvHD were observed despite evidence of engraftment, demonstrating efficient downregulation of the TCR. Our data provide proof of concept that a non-gene-edited technology can generate fully functional allogeneic CAR T-cells, without any signs of GvHD. However, further engineering of the CAR T-cells is needed to improve their persistence and long-term activity.
Autophagy in High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced Metabolic Cardiomyopathy: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Zhou Rong , Zhang Zutong , Li Xinjie , Duan Qinchun , Miao Yuanlin , Zhang Tingting , Wang Mofei , Li Jiali , Zhang Wei , Wang Liyang , Jones Odell D. , Xu Mengmeng , Liu Yingli , Xu Xuehong
Published: February 2025

Metabolic cardiomyopathy, encompassing diabetic and obese cardiomyopathy, is an escalating global health concern, driven by the rising prevalence of metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and obesity. These conditions induce structural and functional alterations in the heart, including left ventricular dysfunction, fibrosis, and ultimately heart failure, particularly in the presence of coronary artery disease or hypertension. Autophagy, a critical cellular process for maintaining cardiac homeostasis, is frequently disrupted in metabolic cardiomyopathy. This review explores the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced metabolic cardiomyopathy, focusing on non-selective and selective autophagy pathways, including mitophagy, ER-phagy, and ferritinophagy. Key proteins and genes such as PINK1, Parkin, ULK1, AMPK, mTOR, ATG7, ATG5, Beclin-1, and miR-34a are central to the regulation of autophagy in metabolic cardiomyopathy. Dysregulated autophagic flux impairs mitochondrial function, promotes oxidative stress, and drives fibrosis in the heart. Additionally, selective autophagy processes such as lipophagy, regulated by PNPLA8, and ferritinophagy, modulated by NCOA4, play pivotal roles in lipid metabolism and iron homeostasis. Emerging therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy, including plant extracts (e.g., curcumin, dihydromyricetin), endogenous compounds (e.g., sirtuin 3, LC3), and lipid/glucose-lowering drugs, offer promising avenues for mitigating the effects of metabolic cardiomyopathy. Despite recent advances, the precise mechanisms underlying autophagy in this context remain poorly understood. A deeper understanding of autophagy’s regulatory networks, particularly involving these critical genes and proteins, may lead to novel therapeutic approaches for treating metabolic cardiomyopathy.
Retinoic Acid Promotes Neuronal Differentiation While Increasing Proteins and Organelles Related to Autophagy
Authors: Lazzeri Gloria , Lenzi Paola , Signorini Giulia , Raffaelli Sara , Giammattei Elisa , Natale Gianfranco , Ruffoli Riccardo , Fornai Francesco , Ferrucci Michela
Published: February 2025

Retinoic acid (RA) is commonly used to differentiate SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. This effect is sustained by a specific modulation of gene transcription, leading to marked changes in cellular proteins. In this scenario, autophagy may be pivotal in balancing protein synthesis and degradation. The present study analyzes whether some autophagy-related proteins and organelles are modified during RA-induced differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. RA-induced effects were compared to those induced by starvation. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with a single dose of 10 µM RA or grown in starvation, for 3 days or 7 days. After treatments, cells were analyzed at light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to assess cell morphology and immunostaining for specific markers (nestin, βIII-tubulin, NeuN) and some autophagy-related proteins (Beclin 1, LC3). We found that both RA and starvation differentiate SH-SY5Y cells. Specifically, cell differentiation was concomitant with an increase in autophagy proteins and autophagy-related organelles. However, the effects of a single dose of 10 μM RA persist for at least 7 days, while prolonged starvation produces cell degeneration and cell loss. Remarkably, the effects of RA are modulated in the presence of autophagy inhibitors or stimulators. The present data indicate that RA-induced differentiation is concomitant with an increased autophagy.
The Interplay Between Immunity, Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Chee Ying Jie , Dalan Rinkoo , Cheung Christine
Published: February 2025

The endothelium is pivotal in multiple physiological processes, such as maintaining vascular homeostasis, metabolism, platelet function, and oxidative stress. Emerging evidence in the past decade highlighted the immunomodulatory function of endothelium, serving as a link between innate, adaptive immunity and inflammation. This review examines the regulation of the immune–inflammatory axis by the endothelium, discusses physiological immune functions, and explores pathophysiological processes leading to endothelial dysfunction in various metabolic disturbances, including hyperglycemia, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. The final section focuses on the novel, repurposed, and emerging therapeutic targets that address the immune–inflammatory axis in endothelial dysfunction.
Graphene Nanopore Fabrication and Applications
Authors: Sun Qijiao , Dai Min , Hong Junjie , Feng Silu , Wang Chengyong , Yuan Zhishan
Published: February 2025

Graphene is a revolutionary material with excellent optical, electrical and mechanical properties and has garnered significant attention in the realm of nanopore technology. Devices incorporating graphene nanopores leverage the material’s atomic thickness to enhance detection precision in solid-state nanopores. These nanopores exhibit high spatial resolution and ion selectivity, making them promising sensors for biomolecular detection. Additionally, their unique characteristics suggest their considerable potential for applications in material separation and osmotic power generation. In recent years, several literature reviews on graphene nanopores have been published; however, some have not fully addressed certain important aspects, such as the depth of theoretical analysis, the extent of coverage on technological advancements, and the exploration of potential applications. This paper reviews current fabrication methods, including “top-down” etching and “bottom-up” synthesis, highlighting their advantages and limitations. We also summarize diverse applications of graphene nanopores, such as in biomolecule detection and water desalination. Our findings emphasize the need for a deeper exploration of these aspects, advancing the field by showcasing the broader potential of graphene nanopores in addressing various technological challenges.
Integrating Quantitative Analyses of Historical and Contemporary Apparel with Educational Applications
Authors: Kazlacheva Zlatina , Orozova Daniela , Angelova Nadezhda , Zurleva Elena , Ilieva Julieta , Zlatev Zlatin
Published: February 2025

In this paper, a comparative analysis of historical and contemporary fashion designs was conducted using quantitative methods and indices. Elements such as silhouettes, color palettes, and structural characteristics were analyzed in order to identify models for reinterpretation of classic fashion costume. Clothing from four historical periods was studied: Empire, Romanticism, the Victorian era, and Art Nouveau. An image processing algorithm was proposed, through which data on the shapes and colors of historical and contemporary clothing were obtained from digital color images. The most informative of the shape and color indices of contemporary and historical clothing were selected using the RReliefF, FSRNCA, and SFCPP methods. The feature vectors were reduced using the latent variable and t-SNE methods. The obtained data were used to group the clothing according to historical periods. Using Euclidean distances, the relationship between clothing by contemporary designers and the elements of the historical costume used by them was determined. These results were used to create an educational and methodological framework for practical training of students in the field of fashion design. The results of this work can help contemporary designers in interpreting and integrating elements of historical fashion into their collections, adapting them to the needs and preferences of consumers.
Measuring Innovation Potential in Ecuadorian ICT Companies: Development and Application of the CRI-IRT Model
Authors: Anasi Christian , Robalino-López Andrés , Morales Verónica , Almeida Carlos
Published: February 2025

Innovation is recognized as a key source of competitive advantage for organizations and a driver of societal well-being. Therefore, managing and quantifying innovation is necessary to fully leverage its potential. Although many innovation measurement tools exist, contextual differences limit their applicability, highlighting the need for tools tailored to regional and national specificities. This study aimed to develop a measurement tool for the Ecuadorian context, utilizing the Capacities, Results, and Impacts (CRI) model questionnaire for data collection and Item Response Theory (IRT) as a processing method. The CRI model offers a comprehensive framework for assessing innovation potential, enabling a dynamic understanding of this potential while highlighting nuances specific to regional contexts, particularly in Ecuador. Complementing this, IRT—a statistical framework for measuring latent traits—offers several advantages over classical methodologies, such as Classical Test Theory (CTT) and simple aggregate scoring methods. Unlike classical approaches, which often lack precision at extreme ability levels and are heavily sample-dependent, IRT provides item-level analysis, ensures parameter invariance across samples, and maintains accuracy across a wide range of latent trait levels. Together, these methodologies ensure a highly reliable and context-specific innovation measurement tool. Six IRT models were fitted using data from a national multisector sample of 321 organizations, providing a multidimensional measurement scale specialized in measuring innovation potential in Ecuador. These scales were later applied in a case study on the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector in Quito, Ecuador. The findings showed that ICT organizations had higher innovation potential than other industries in Ecuador but faced weaknesses in areas like access to funding. Based on these results, targeted strategies were proposed to address these weaknesses and foster innovation within the ICT sector. This research contributes to the field of managing innovation in Ecuador and the broader Latin American region by developing a context-specific and adaptable tool to benchmark innovation, guide organizational strategies, and shape public policy. While the ICT sector was identified as a key driver for addressing Ecuador’s innovation challenges, this research provides valuable contributions toward tackling these challenges and fostering innovation in the country.
Multi-Dimensional Inorganic Electrode Materials for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Khan Musab Hammas , Lamberti Patrizia , Tucci Vincenzo
Published: February 2025

Energy storage devices are essential for enhancing the effectiveness and sustainability of electrical energy. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are one of the most efficient energy storage solutions available. The choice of electrode materials plays a vital role in defining the performance of an energy storage device. A range of electrode materials have been developed utilizing both organic and inorganic substances. Due to their notable electrochemical characteristics, strong chemical stability, and well-established technological approaches, inorganic materials have been extensively studied to achieve high-performance devices. This review paper aims to provide a thorough and analytical review of different materials ranging from zero- to three-dimensional (3D), like quantum dots, nanotubes, and nanosheets that have been proposed for high-performance LIBs. This study also includes challenges and future pathways to address the issues with inorganic materials utilized as electrode materials for high-performance energy storage LIBs.
Impact of Oviposition Sequence and Host Egg Density on Offspring Emergence and Interspecific Competition in Two Species of Trichogramma Parasitoids
Authors: Wang Yu , Iqbal Asim , Ahmed Kanwer Shahzad , Zhang Zheng-Kun , Cui Juan , Zhang Chen
Published: February 2025

Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and the rice moth (RM), Corycyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) are economically significant insect pests that threaten the agricultural products worldwide. Trichogramma parasitoids are successfully mass-reared using artificial host eggs, RM, and are often managed by economically important lepidopterous pests, such as ACB in China. Trichogramma ostriniae Pang and Chen (To) and T. dendrolimi Matsumura (Td) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) are two important parasitoids of ACB. To determine the influence of interspecific competition between To and Td on their offspring’s emergence. We determine the emergence of wasp progeny from two distinct hosts (ACB and RM eggs) of varying densities (10, 20, 30, and 100) by examining the effect of three distinct oviposition sequences (To-Td, Td-To, and To+Td) by two Trichogramma species. We discovered that the progeny emergence rate of To and Td from the host was substantially influenced by the parasitoid types, host types, oviposition sequences, and host densities, and their two-, three-, and four-factor interactions while investigating the ACB and RM eggs after oviposition. Additionally, the progeny of Td emerged from 10, 20, and 30 ACB host eggs under three oviposition sequences, which was significantly higher than that of ACB eggs of 100 densities. Nevertheless, the optimum emergence rate of Td progeny was also observed in ACB eggs with a density of 100 under all oviposition sequences. The most suitable oviposition sequences for both wasp species are To-Td and Td-To, as they have the highest rate of progeny emergence. The progeny emergence of both Trichogramma species from RM eggs of varying densities was observed to be significantly different. Nevertheless, the most influential density is 100 RM eggs, as a result of the maximal emergence rate of To and Td. Overall, it is concluded that host eggs with a density of 100 are adequate to meet the oviposition requirements of both wasps in all oviposition orders, thereby limiting their interspecific competition. These findings provide insights into optimizing host density and oviposition strategies for mass-rearing Trichogramma species, which can enhance their efficacy in biological control programs. Future research should explore field-level applications to validate these laboratory findings under natural conditions.
Non-Contrast Computed Tomography-Based Triage and Notification for Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke: A Before and After Study Utilizing Artificial Intelligence on Treatment Times and Outcomes
Authors: Lim Yong Su , Kim Eunji , Choi Woo Sung , Yang Hyuk Jun , Moon Jong Youn , Jang Jae Ho , Cho Jinseong , Choi Jeayeon , Woo Jae-Hyug
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The clinical impact of automated large vessel occlusion (LVO) detection tools using non-contrast CT (NCCT) is still unknown. We evaluated whether the implementation of Heuron ELVO, an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven software for triage and notification of LVO stroke using NCCT, can reduce treatment times and improve clinical outcomes in a real-world setting. Methods: We compared patients with LVO stroke before (pre-AI cohort, 84 patients) and after (post-AI cohort, 48 patients) the implementation of Heuron ELVO at a comprehensive stroke center. Primary outcomes included time-to-treatment initiation, including door-to-IV tPA and door-to-endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) times. Secondary outcomes measured changes in the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores. Statistical analyses involved multiple linear regression to adjust for confounders. Results: The implementation of Heuron ELVO significantly reduced the door-to-EVT time (30.2 min, 95% CI, −56. to −4.3), CT-to-neurologist examination time (16.4 min, 95% CI, −27.6 to −5.3), and CT-to-EVT time (29.4 min, 95% CI, −53.6 to −5.0). There was no statistical difference in the door-to-IV tPA time (8.9 min). The post-AI cohort exhibited a greater improvement in the NIHSS score compared to the pre-AI cohort, with a reduction of 4.3 points. While the post-AI cohort demonstrated a higher proportion of good outcomes (mRS 0–1, 26% vs. 40%) at the 3-month follow-up, there was no statistical significance. Conclusions: The implementation of Heuron ELVO demonstrated substantial improvements in the timeliness of stroke interventions and patient outcomes. These findings underscore the potential of AI-driven NCCT analysis in enhancing acute stroke workflows and expediting treatments in real-world settings.