bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adult Daughters’ Influence on Mothers’ Health-Related Decision Making: An Expansion of the Subjective Norms Construct
Authors: Washington Pamela K. , Burke Nancy J. , Joseph Galen , Guerra Claudia , Pasick Rena J.
Published: October 2009

This study of mother—adult daughter communication uses qualitative methods to explore the appropriateness of including adult daughters as referents in the measurement of subjective norms (a behavioral theory construct) related to the use of mammography and other health-related tests and services. The methods were chosen to approximate as closely as possible the mother—adult daughter relationship in the context of daily life. This inductive approach contrasts with the deductive origins of the construct. A sample of nine Mexican and Filipina immigrant and U.S.-born mothers and their adult daughters was recruited. Data were collected in two phases: (a) videotaped observations of mother—daughter dyads discussing health-related topics and (b) follow-up interviews designed to obtain an emic (insider) perspective of the videotaped interaction. Results show that adult daughters influence their mothers’ ability to navigate the health care system and contribute to health-related decision making and behavior, suggesting that it may be appropriate to include adult daughters in the assessment of subjective norms.
Social and Cultural Meanings of Self-Efficacy
Authors: Burke Nancy J. , Bird Joyce A. , Clark Melissa A. , Rakowski William , Guerra Claudia , Barker Judith C. , Pasick Rena J.
Published: October 2009

This article describes the influences of social context on women’s health behavior through illustration of the powerful influences of social capital (the benefits and challenges that accrue from participation in social networks and groups) on experiences and perceptions of self-efficacy. The authors conducted inductive interviews with Latino and Filipino academics and social service providers and with U.S.-born and immigrant Latinas and Filipinas to explore direct and indirect influences of social context on health behaviors such as mammography screening. Iterative thematic analysis identified themes (meanings of efficacy, spheres of efficacy, constraints on efficacy, sources of social capital, and differential access to and quality of social capital) that link the domain of social capital with the behavioral construct perceived self-efficacy. The authors conclude that social capital addresses aspects of social context absent in the current self-efficacy construct and that these aspects have important implications for scholars’ and practitioners’ understandings of health behavior and intervention development.
Examining the effectiveness of explicit instruction of vocabulary learning strategies with Japanese EFL university students
Authors: Mizumoto Atsushi , Takeuchi Osamu
Published: October 2009

This study examined the effectiveness of explicit instruction of vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs) over a 10-week semester with a group of 146 female EFL learners from two Japanese universities. A vocabulary test and questionnaires on VLSs and motivation were administered at the beginning of the course. The learners were divided into two groups based on the vocabulary test results: an experimental group and a control group. Only the experimental group received explicit instruction on VLSs in combination with their regular language lessons. The same instruments were re-administered at the end of the course to examine the changes in both the questionnaire responses and test scores. Qualitative analyses were also conducted to explore the findings in detail. The results show that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the vocabulary test. It was also found that (1) strategy training was effective for both changing the repertoire of strategies used and improving their frequency of use, (2) the training increased the use of certain strategies more than it did for other strategies, and (3) different types of learners exhibited different responses to the strategy instruction. This study’s findings contribute to a better understanding of strategy instruction in general and VLSs in particular.
Expression profiling of a hemopoietic cell survival transcriptome implicates osteopontin as a functional prognostic factor in AML
Authors: Powell Jason A. , Thomas Daniel , Barry Emma F. , Kok Chung H. , McClure Barbara J. , Tsykin Anna , To L. Bik , Brown Anna , Lewis Ian D. , Herbert Kirsten , Goodall Gregory J. , Speed Terence P. , Asou Norio , Jacob Bindya , Osato Motomi , Haylock David N. , Nilsson Susan K. , D'Andrea Richard J. , Lopez Angel F. , Guthridge Mark A.
Published: October 2009

Deregulated cell survival programs are a classic hallmark of cancer. We have previously identified a serine residue (Ser585) in the βc subunit of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor that selectively and independently promotes cell survival. We now show that Ser585 phosphorylation is constitutive in 20 (87%) of 23 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient samples, indicating that this survival-only pathway is frequently deregulated in leukemia. We performed a global expression screen to identify gene targets of this survival pathway and report a 138-gene βc Ser585-regulated transcriptome. Pathway analysis defines a gene network enriched for PI3-kinase target genes and a cluster of genes involved in cancer and cell survival. We show that one such gene, osteopontin (OPN), is a functionally relevant target of the Ser585-survival pathway as shown by siRNA-mediated knockdown of OPN expression that induces cell death in both AML blasts and CD34+CD38−CD123+ leukemic progenitors. Increased expression of OPN at diagnosis is associated with poor prognosis with multivariate analysis indicating that it is an independent predictor of overall patient survival in normal karyotype AML (n = 60; HR = 2.2; P = .01). These results delineate a novel cytokine-regulated Ser585/PI3-kinase signaling network that is deregulated in AML and identify OPN as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target.
Construction of Nonadjacent Stereocenters Containing a Trifluoromethylated Carbon by Organocatalyzed Michael Addition of β-Ketoesters to 2-(Trifluoromethyl)acrylate
Authors: Ogawa Shinichi , Yasui Hiroyuki , Tokunaga Etsuko , Nakamura Shuichi , Shibata Norio
Published: October 2009

The first enantioselective construction of nonadjacent 1,3-tertiary–quaternary stereocenters containing a trifluoromethylated carbon by cinchona alkaloid-catalyzed Michael addition of β-ketoesters to 2-(trifluoromethyl)acrylate has been achived in high yields with high enantioselectivities up to 97% ee.
Preparation of Novel Functionalized Ammonium Salts that Effectively Catalyze Depolymerization of Nylon-6 in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Yamamoto Shigehiro , Kamimura Akio
Published: October 2009

A new type of ammonium salt containing DMAP in the cation was prepared and applied for the depolymerization of nylon-6 giving monomeric caprolactam in high yield through direct distillation. The ionic liquids could be used at least five times.
Structural Control of Phenylene-bridged Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica with Organic Additives
Authors: Fukuoka Ayumu , Hoshikawa Yasuto , Shimojima Atsushi , Okubo Tatsuya
Published: October 2009

The effects of organic additives on the structure of phenylene-bridged periodic mesoporous organosilica have been investigated. The mesostructure and pore size were controlled by adding organic additives, such as 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene and benzyl alcohol under acidic or basic conditions.
Planar Chiral Organosulfur Cycles
Authors: Uehara Kazuhiro , Tomooka Katsuhiko
Published: October 2009

Newly synthesized 9-membered diallylic organosulfur cycles have proven to possess planar chirality originating from the rigidity of their medium-sized cyclic structure. The oxidation state of the sulfur atom significantly influences their stereochemical behavior as well as their reactivity.
Cascade Approach to Trichloroalkyl Phenyl Ethers from Benzyne, Epoxides, and Chloroform
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Hino Haruna , Sou Ayumi , Nagahora Noriyoshi , Shioji Kosei
Published: October 2009

The reaction of o-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl triflate with CsF and propene oxide in the presence of chloroform gave an isomeric mixture of trichloroalkyl phenyl ethers in 72% yield. The reaction of 1,2-epoxy-5-hexene with benzyne afforded 1,2-epoxy-6-phenyl-3-hexene in 66% yield. Thus, single bond insertion of one of the C–O bonds of epoxides and ene reaction proceeded chemoselectively.
Sorption and Oxidation of Tetravalent Plutonium on Mn Oxide in the Presence of Citric Acid
Authors: Tanaka Kazuya , Suzuki Yoshinori , Ohnuki Toshihiko
Published: October 2009

Sorption experiments of PuIV on synthetic Mn oxide were made in 0.1 M NaCl + 0.1 mM sodium citrate solutions under acidic to alkaline pH conditions. As the results of the sorption experiments, Pu was efficiently removed from the solutions under neutral pH conditions, where Pu forms the stable 1:2 PuIV–citrate complex. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that PuIV was oxidized to PuV and PuVI on Mn oxide.
Efficient Hydrogenation of Methyl Propionate over Boehmite-supported Ru–Pt Catalyst
Authors: Zhou Ya-Fen , Wei Juan , Fan Guang-Yin , Fu Hai-yan , Li Rui-Xiang , Chen Hua , Li Xian-Jun
Published: October 2009

The bimetallic catalyst Ru–Pt/AlOOH exhibited good catalytic performance in water for the hydrogenation of methyl propionate to 1-propanol. The selectivity to 1-propanol of 97.8% was obtained with a conversion of 89.1% at 453 K, 5 MPa for 6 h. The incorporation of Pt for the improvement of the catalystic activity was attributed to promoting the reduction of Ru3+ to Ru0.
Is Umbilical Cord Blood Total Thyroxin Measurement Effective in Newborn Screening for Hypothyroidism?
Authors: Abduljabbar M , Shahri A Al , Afifi A
Published: October 2009

Objective

To assess the performance of the use of umbilical cord blood for screening of primary congenital hypothyroidism in the Saudi Aramco Medical Services Organization newborn thyroid screening programme.

Methods

Umbilical cord blood total thyroxin (CB-TT4) was measured. In samples with low T4 concentrations, an additional measurement of cord blood thyroid-stimulating hormone was made.

Results

A total of 96,015 newborn infants were screened in the period January 1990-December 2007. Twenty-six cases of primary congenital hypothyroidism, six cases of transient hypothyroidism and 13 cases of central hypothyroidism were detected. This method of screening resulted in 100% sensitivity and 98% specificity (95% CI 84–100, and 95% CI 98–98.2, respectively). However, there was a high mean recall rate of 1.9%.

Conclusion

The use of CB-TT4 is a valid screening strategy for primary congenital hypothyroidism. It meets the metabolic screening demands of early discharge policy and guarantees screening all newborns delivered in the hospital.
Biopsychosocial Assessment of Impulsivity in Persons With Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Tansey Timothy N.
Published: October 2009

The efficacy of institutional and community-based treatment services is crucial in maintaining the health, safety, and quality of life of persons with psychiatric illness. A factor limiting the success of community interventions is the rehospitalisation of persons with mental health disorders due to behavioural concerns, particularly aggression toward self and others. Understanding impulse control, a construct commonly thought to have a relationship to aggressive behaviour, may provide psychologists with insights into individual behaviour in novel or unpredictable environments. This study examines the validity of biopsychosocial assessment of impulsivity in understanding inpatient behaviour in 53 individuals currently residing in a State psychiatric facility. Using three separate measures of impulsivity, a regression analysis was used to determine the predictive value of these measures in relation to institutional behaviour. Support was found for using impulsivity assessment as a predictor of institutional behaviour. Discussion and suggestions for utilising biopsychosocial assessment of impulsivity in inpatient and community settings is provided.
Interpreting the Evidence on Interventions With Challenging Behaviour: Theoretical, Contextual and Cultural Perspectives from New Zealand
Authors: Evans Ian M. , Meyer Luanna H. , Buckley Laura
Published: October 2009

Research on managing challenging behaviour in children and young people with disabilities is becoming increasingly complex as a guide to best practice. There continues to be an outpouring of single-case studies conducted in the traditional research methods and conceptual models of applied behaviour analysis. In contrast, there is growing recognition of the importance of context, social systems, and cultural values, not only in understanding the causes of challenging behaviour, but in the design of interventions and the evaluation of rehabilitative treatments. A ‘third wave’ of educative intervention approaches attempts to integrate these two perspectives within concepts of positive behaviour support. We offer practitioners some guidance to the extant empirical literature by bringing together the most promising themes within this rapprochement.
Leadership and Organisational Health: An Evidence-Based Leadership Development Program
Authors: Stebbins Peter , Loughlan Fiona , Lees Danielle , De Young Ben , Middleton Leith , Karabitsios Joanne
Published: October 2009

This study examined the efficacy of an evidence-based supportive leadership program to address psychosocial hazards identified in an organisational health review of a government department. Participants were employees identified as having supervisory and management roles (N= 57; males = 30, females = 27; age range 22 to 63). The program was implemented systematically over a 6-month period using 2 × 2 day intensive workshops, interim 360 peer review assessment and 1-day follow-up. The program used a variety of behavioural learning approaches with individual and group feedback from professional, peer and self-review. The results showed a major improvement in organisational health with significant changes in risk status across the domains of Relationship, Manager and Peer Support. Improvements in organisational health made within the leadership group had generalised across the entire workforce and continued to be maintained at the 18-month follow-up.
Sex Differences in the Rates of Recovery, Treatment-Seeking, and Natural Recovery in Pathological Gambling: Results From an Australian Community-Based Twin Survey
Authors: Slutske Wendy S. , Blaszczynski Alex , Martin Nicholas G.
Published: October 2009

The aim of this study was to estimate the rates of recovery, treatment-seeking, and natural recovery from pathological gambling (PG) in men and women in a community-based national survey, and to examine the role of gambling problem recognition in recovery from PG. Participants were 4,764 individuals from a community-based Australian national twin registry (104 with a lifetime history of PG) who were administered a structured psychiatric telephone interview. Women were more likely than men to recover from (56% versus 36%; odds ratio = 2.3) and to seek treatment for PG (32% versus 13%; odds ratio = 3.2). Most individuals who recovered from PG did so without treatment (82%), but this was higher among men than among women (92% versus 57%; odds ratio = 5.3). This is the first study to document sex differences in treatment-seeking and recovery from PG. These findings highlight the value in continuing to develop self-help and brief treatments for PG that will appeal to those who are unlikely to seek formal help.
Does Classroom Separation Affect Twins' Reading Ability in the Early Years of School?
Authors: Coventry William L. , Byrne Brian , Coleman Marreta , Olson Richard K. , Corley Robin , Willcutt Eric , Samuelsson Stefan
Published: October 2009

In this article we report on reading ability of twin children in kindergarten to Grade 2 as a function of whether members of the pairs are assigned to the same or different classrooms. All analyses were run using mixed model regressions to account for the interdependence between twin pairs. The samples, total N = 1505, are from Australia and the United States. We found a close-to-significant difference in favor of same-class children in kindergarten and Grade 1. However, when results were adjusted to take account of pre-existing differences in disruptive behavior and in preliteracy ability, the class assignment effects disappeared. We suggest that these pre-existing differences, particularly disruptive behavior, are influencing decisions about whether to separate twins or not and also affecting early reading performance, a conclusion supported by significant correlations between the behavioral measures, preliteracy, and school-based reading. We conclude that, on average, early literacy in twins is not directly affected by their assignment to the same or different classrooms.
Search for Genomic Alterations in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Kimani Jane W. , Yoshiura Koh-ichiro , Shi Min , Jugessur Astanand , Moretti-Ferreira Danilo , Christensen Kaare , Murray Jeffrey C.
Published: October 2009

Phenotypically discordant monozygotic twins offer the possibility of gene discovery through delineation of molecular abnormalities in one member of the twin pair. One proposed mechanism of discordance is postzygotically occurring genomic alterations resulting from mitotic recombination and other somatic changes. Detection of altered genomic fragments can reveal candidate gene loci that can be verified through additional analyses. We investigated this hypothesis using array comparative genomic hybridization; the 50K and 250K Affymetrix GeneChip® SNP arrays and an Illumina custom array consisting of 1,536 SNPs, to scan for genomic alterations in a sample of monozygotic twin pairs with discordant cleft lip and/or palate phenotypes. Paired analysis for deletions, amplifications and loss of heterozygosity, along with sequence verification of SNPs with discordant genotype calls did not reveal any genomic discordance between twin pairs in lymphocyte DNA samples. Our results demonstrate that postzygotic genomic alterations are not a common cause of monozygotic twin discordance for isolated cleft lip and/or palate. However, rare or balanced genomic alterations, tissue-specific events and small aberrations beyond the detection level of our experimental approach cannot be ruled out. The stability of genomes we observed in our study samples also suggests that detection of discordant events in other monozygotic twin pairs would be remarkable and of potential disease significance.
The Enrichment Study of the Minnesota Twin Family Study: Increasing the Yield of Twin Families at High Risk for Externalizing Psychopathology
Authors: Keyes Margaret A. , Malone Stephen M. , Elkins Irene J. , Legrand Lisa N. , McGue Matt , Iacono William G.
Published: October 2009

The Enrichment Study (ES) was designed to extend the Minnesota Twin Family Study (MTFS) by oversampling 11-year-old twins at especially high risk for substance use disorders by virtue of having a childhood disruptive disorder. The sample was ascertained from Minnesota birth records. To identify high-risk twins, we conducted telephone screening interviews for parent-reported symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD) as well as indications of academic disengagement. Twins who exceeded a predetermined threshold were invited to participate. To facilitate comparison with the previously ascertained MTFS participants, a random sample of 11-year-old twins was also recruited. As part of the ES study, 499 twin pairs, and their parents, visited the University of Minnesota, where each participant completed a clinical interview, psychophysiological evaluation, and thorough assessment of environmental risk. We were highly successful in recruiting at-risk twins; 52% of the screened male twins and 41% of the screened females met criteria for a diagnosis of ADHD, CD, or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). At the pair level, 63% of the screened pairs had at least one member with a childhood disruptive disorder. This article provides an overview of the study design and includes a review of recent findings using this sample of twins.
X Chromosome Inactivation Pattern is not Associated With Interindividual Variations in Thyroid Volume: A Study of Euthyroid Danish Female Twins
Authors: Brix Thomas Heiberg , Hansen Pia Skov , Bennedbæk Finn Noe , Bonnema Steen Joop , Kyvik Kirsten Ohm , Ørstavik Karen Helene , Hegedüs Laszlo
Published: October 2009

Ahigher frequency of skewed X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is found in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) than in controls. Although goitre is often present in AITD, a recent study failed to show an association between XCI and clinically overt nontoxic goitre. However, the etiology of overt goitre is complex, and the mechanisms influencing thyroid volume may involve fewer factors than the mechanisms underlying overt goitre. In order to examine the impact of XCI on thyroid volume in euthyroid females, we studied whether within cohort (n= 138) and within twin pair (n= 69) differences in XCI are correlated with differences in thyroid volume. XCI was determined by PCR analysis of a polymorphic CAG repeat in the first exon of the androgen receptor gene. Thyroid volume was determined by ultrasound. Neither in the within cohort nor in the within twin pair analysis could we demonstrate a statistically significant association between XCI and thyroid volume: Regression coefficient (β) = 0.023 (95% confidence interval, –0.062–0.108),p= 0.592 and β = 0.038 (–0.080–0.156),p= 0.521, respectively. Controlling for potential confounders such as zygosity, age, TSH, smoking habits and use of oral contraceptives did not change the findings. In conclusion, in a sample of euthyroid Danish female twins, we found no evidence of a relationship between XCI pattern and thyroid volume.
Genetic Influences on Individual Differences in Nicotine Glucuronidation
Authors: Lessov-Schlaggar Christina N. , Benowitz Neal L. , Jacob Peyton , Swan Gary E.
Published: October 2009

Nicotine and its primary oxidative metabolites are metabolized in part by glucuronidation. Genetic variation in UGT isoenzymes that catalyze glucuronidation activity suggests that variation in glucuronidation rate is in part genetically determined. The relative contribution of genetic and environmental sources to individual differences in the rate of glucuronidation of nicotine, cotinine, andtrans-3'-hydroxycotinine was estimated in a twin study of nicotine pharmacokinetics. Glucuronidation rate was defined using measures that either accounted for variability in renal clearance or assumed the same relative renal clearance of parent drug and glucuronide conjugate across individuals. The former definition resulted in highly correlated nicotine and cotinine glucuronidation measures that were substantially influenced by the combined effect of additive (heritable) and non-additive (dominant and epistatic) genetic effects. These findings suggest that genetic variation in UGT isoenzymes that act in additive and interactive ways is an important determinant of individual variability in nicotine and cotinine metabolism via glucuronidation pathways.
Estimating the Heritability of Hair Curliness in Twins of European Ancestry
Authors: Medland Sarah E. , Zhu Gu , Martin Nicholas G.
Published: October 2009

Recent studies in Asian populations have identified variants in theEDARandFGFR2genes that arose following the divergence of Asians and Europeans and are associated with thick straight hair. To date no genetic variants have been identified influencing hair texture in Europeans. In the current study we examined the heritability of hair curliness in three unselected samples of predominantly European ancestry (NS1= 2717;NS2= 3904;NS3= 5079). When rated using a three point scale (Straight/Wavy/Curly) males were ~5% more likely to report straight hair than females and there were suggestions in the data that curliness increased slightly with age. Across samples significant additive and dominant genetic influences were detected resulting in a broad sense heritability of 85–95%. Given the magnitude and the specificity of the EDAR effect on hair morphology in Asian populations we are hopeful that future association studies will detect similar genetic influences in European populations.
Effects of selected key chromophores on cellulose integrity upon bleaching 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008
Authors: Krainz Karin , Potthast Antje , Suess Ulrich , Dietz Thomas , Nimmerfroh Norbert , Rosenau Thomas
Published: October 2009

In the present study, three representative residual chromophores recently isolated from highly bleached and aged pulps, 2,5-dihydroxy-[1,4]-benzoquinone (1), 5,8-dihydroxy-[1,4]-naphthoquinone (2), and 2,6-dihydroxy-acetophenone (3), were selected to study their effects with regard to cellulose degradation under bleaching conditions, similar to those typically used in the pulp and paper industries.
Is the International Regulation of Biotechnology Coherent?
Authors: Rhodes Catherine
Published: October 2009

Coherence has an important influence on the ability of a set of international regulations to function effectively. This paper examines the degree of coherence among the international regulations relevant to applications and impacts of biotechnology, and outlines problems that may arise from a lack of coherence among this regulatory set.
Revisiting the USPTO's Examination Guidelines for Gene Patents: Congressional Inaction, USPTO Restraint, and Judicial Remedy
Authors: Drabiak-Syed Katherine
Published: October 2009

Since 1992 the USPTO has been issuing gene patents based on the premise that a gene sequence consists of patentable subject matter and meets the requirements set forth in 35 USC § 101 et seq. Various scholars and international societies have recently questioned the USPTO's stance, raising both normative concerns as well substantive problems associated with the number and scope of gene patents on the availability and access of diagnostic tests as well as their effect on scientific innovation and method validation. This paper examines recent Congressional testimony, USPTO's deference to Congress' inaction, and the possibility of judicial remedy through currently pending litigation of
The Growing Role of Genetic Professionals in Forensic DNA
Authors: Pinto Cristina
Published: October 2009

Through the last decade there was an enormous revolution in the field of forensic genetic.

The Author reviews some of the methodologies used in the definitions of DNA profiling tackling the principles of recombinant DNA techniques. The potentiality of polymorphic DNA fragments in vertebrates is focused as well as the revolution implied in forensic medicine. The resource to DNA-DNA hybridization combined to oligonucleotide probes is emphasized leading to the production of an individual bar code with the resource of genomic polymorphism which leads to a pattern known as genetic fingerprinting. Other techniques for individual identification and paternity testing are focused as well as the use of short tandem repeats (STR's). Mitochondrial DNA sequencing use to complement nuclear DNA typing may also be profitable in certain instances. Relevant problems within the context of the use of these techniques in forensic medicine and law suits are discussed. Final considerations viewing the resource to DNA technology within the scope of the last two decades are referred regarding the resource to DNA profiles not only in the US but in Europe in general and in Portugal in special having lead to compensation and uncover of justice errors.
A constraint on copy deletion
Authors: Trinh Tue
Published: October 2009

One version of the copy theory of movement holds that syntactic traces are full-fledged constituents which undergo a PF-deletion rule. In this paper, I propose a constraint on this rule. The constraint says that the lower copy of a chain can be phonologically deleted only if it ends an XP. I show that this constraint, conjoined with proposals that have been made concerning phrase structure (Chomsky, Bare phrase structure, 1994) and the semantics of NP in classifier languages (Chierchia, Natural Language Semantics 6: 339–405, 1998), explains a variety of facts in Dutch, German, Hebrew, Norwegian, Swedish and Vietnamese.
The Zen of Anarchy: Japanese Exceptionalism and the Anarchist Roots of the San Francisco Poetry Renaissance
Authors: Brown James
Published: October 2009

This essay explores the political origins and implications of Beat Zen anarchism, a cultural phenomenon located in the intersection between American anarchist traditions and Zen Buddhism in the San Francisco Poetry Renaissance. Focusing on the writings of D. T. Suzuki, Alan Watts, Gary Snyder, and Philip Whalen, it shows how Beat Zen emerged not primarily from an Orientalist appropriation of “the East” but rather from an Occidentalist, Japanese-centered criticism of American materialism that followed from the complex legacy of the World’s Parliament of Religions at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition. In staking their claims to Zen, in other words, Philip Whalen and Gary Snyder—the Beat poets on whom this essay focuses—along with Alan Watts expressed the views not of cultural imperialists, as one might suppose, but of converts to what they regarded as a superior way of life.

The Beat adoption of Zen intersected with a broadly libertarian and specifically anarchist social milieu in San Francisco that congregated around Kenneth Roxroth's Libertarian Club and Anarchist Circle. The individualist, anti-statist, and anarchist political outlooks of Beat Zen anarchists were directly confirmed by the writings of D. T. Suzuki, who presented Zen as a practice of personal liberation from cultural conditioning. Suzuki's rhetorical approach—which treated Japanese Zen as both a pinnacle of Asian civilization and a key to the liberation of Western humanity from its stifling and destructive rationalism—was informed by Meiji-era Japanese nationalism and exceptionalism and by the universalism that Buddhist missionaries brought to their explanations of Zen to Westerners. Arguing that Beat Zen poets, in adopting Buddhism as it was presented to them, were foremost Occidentalist rather than Orientalist in outlook, this essay concludes that the Beat Zen anarchist cultural formation suggests a libertarian alternative to Orientalism and also reconfigures common conceptions of American radical literary history as primarily Marxistinflected.
Functional interpretation and inductive definitions
Authors: Avigad Jeremy , Towsner Henry
Published: October 2009

Extending Gödel's Dialectica interpretation, we provide a functional interpretation of classical theories of positive arithmetic inductive definitions, reducing them to theories of finite-type functionals defined using transfinite recursion on well-founded trees.
Almost everywhere elimination of probability quantifiers
Authors: Keisler H. Jerome , Lotfallah Wafik Boulos
Published: October 2009

We obtain an almost everywhere quantifier elimination for (the noncritical fragment of) the logic with probability quantifiers, introduced by the first author in [10]. This logic has quantifiers like ∃≥3/4y which says that “for at least 3/4 of all y”. These results improve upon the 0-1 law for a fragment of this logic obtained by Knyazev [11]. Our improvements are:

1. We deal with the quantifier ∃≥ry, where y is a tuple of variables.

2. We remove the closedness restriction, which requires that the variables in y occur in all atomic subformulas of the quantifier scope.

3. Instead of the unbiased measure where each model with universe n has the same probability, we work with any measure generated by independent atomic probabilities PR for each predicate symbol R.

4. We extend the results to parametric classes of finite models (for example, the classes of bipartite graphs, undirected graphs, and oriented graphs).

5. We extend the results to a natural (noncritical) fragment of the infinitary logic with probability quantifiers.

6. We allow each PR, as well as each r in the probability quantifier (∃≥ry), to depend on the size of the universe.
Some remarks on generic structures
Authors: Evans David M. , Wong Mark Wing Ho
Published: October 2009

We show that the ℵ0-categorical structures produced by Hrushovski's predimension construction with a control function fit neatly into Shelah's SOPn hierarchy: if they are not simple, then they have SOP3 and NSOP4. We also show that structures produced without using a control function can be undecidable and have SOP.
A note on defining transcendentals in function fields
Authors: Fehm Arno , Geyer Wulf-Dieter
Published: October 2009

The work [11] deals with questions of first-order definability in algebraic function fields. In particular, it exhibits new cases in which the field of constant functions is definable, and it investigates the phenomenon of definable transcendental elements. We fix some of its proofs and make additional observations concerning definable closure in these fields.
Heirs of box types in polynomially bounded structures
Authors: Tressl Marcus
Published: October 2009

A box type is an n-type of an o-minimal structure which is uniquely determined by the projections to the coordinate axes. We characterize heirs of box types of a polynomially bounded o-minimal structure M. From this, we deduce various structure theorems for subsets of Mk, definable in the expansion of M by all convex subsets of the line. We show that after naming constants, is model complete provided M is model complete.
The strength of the rainbow Ramsey Theorem
Authors: Csima Barbara F. , Mileti Joseph R.
Published: October 2009

The Rainbow Ramsey Theorem is essentially an “anti-Ramsey” theorem which states that certain types of colorings must be injective on a large subset (rather than constant on a large subset). Surprisingly, this version follows easily from Ramsey's Theorem, even in the weak system RCA0 of reverse mathematics. We answer the question of the converse implication for pairs, showing that the Rainbow Ramsey Theorem for pairs is in fact strictly weaker than Ramsey's Theorem for pairs over RCA0. The separation involves techniques from the theory of randomness by showing that every 2-random bounds an ω-model of the Rainbow Ramsey Theorem for pairs. These results also provide as a corollary a new proof of Martin's theorem that the hyperimmune degrees have measure one.
d-computable categoricity for algebraic fields
Authors: Miller Russell
Published: October 2009

We use the Low Basis Theorem of Jockusch and Soare to show that all computable algebraic fields are d-computably categorical for a particular Turing degree d with d′ = 0″, but that not all such fields are 0′-computably categorical. We also prove related results about algebraic fields with splitting algorithms, and fields of finite transcendence degree over ℚ.
The modalμ-calculus hierarchy over restricted classes of transition systems
Authors: Alberucci Luca , Facchini Alessandro
Published: October 2009

We study the strictness of the modalμ-calculus hierarchy over some restricted classes of transition systems. First, we prove that over transitive systems the hierarchy collapses to the alternation-free fragment. In order to do this the finite model theorem for transitive transition systems is proved. Further, we verify that if symmetry is added to transitivity the hierarchy collapses to the purely modal fragment. Finally, we show that the hierarchy is strict over reflexive frames. By proving the finite model theorem for reflexive systems the same results holds for finite models.
Logical aspects of rates of convergence in metric spaces
Authors: Briseid Eyvind Martol
Published: October 2009

In this paper we develop a method for finding, under general conditions, explicit and highly uniform rates of convergence for the Picard iteration sequences for selfmaps on bounded metric spaces from ineffective proofs of convergence to a unique fixed point. We are able to extract full rates of convergence by extending the use of a logical metatheorem recently proved by Kohlenbach. In recent case studies we were able to find such explicit rates of convergence in two concrete cases. Our novel method now provides an explanation in logical terms for these findings. This amounts, loosely speaking, to general conditions under which we in this specific setting can transform a ∀∃∀-sentence into a ∀∃-sentence via an argument involving product spaces. This reduction in logical complexity allows us to use the existing machinery to extract quantitative bounds of the sort we need.
Silver sorption on acrylic copolymers functionalized with amines. Equilibrium and kinetic studies
Authors: Buhaceanu Rodica , Sarghie Ioan , Barsanescu Adriana , Dulman Viorica , Bunia Ioan
Published: October 2009

The sorption capacity of three weak base ion exchangers based on acrylic copolymers functionalized with ethylenediamine, triethylenetetramine and N, N- dimethylamino propylamine for Ag(I) ions was evaluated. Adsorption experiments were carried out by batch method. The effect of pH, crosslinking degree of copolymers, amount of sorbent, initial ion concentration, contact time and temperature was studied. The parameters which characterize the retention process were estimated using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, the best fitting being for the first model. Kinetic data were fitted to pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion models. Experimental data were in good agreement with the pseudo second order.
Catalytic reduction of NO by CO over Pd — doped Perovskite-type catalysts
Authors: Khristova Mariana , Petrović Srdjan , Terlecki-Baričević Ana , Mehandjiev Dimitar
Published: October 2009

The perovskite type oxides (nominal formula LaTi0.5Mg0.5O3) with addition of Pd were prepared by annealing the ethanol solution of precursors in nitrogen flow at 1200°C and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed desorption of NO (NO-TPD). Their activity was evaluated for NO reduction by CO under stoichiometric and oxidizing conditions and for direct decomposition of NO. Pd substituted samples exhibited high NO reduction activity and selectivity towards N2. Nearly complete elimination of NO was achieved at 200°C. Two simultaneous reactions, NO reduction by CO and direct decomposition of NO as well as two forms of NO adsorption were observed on the surface of Pd substituted perovskite samples. The distribution of Pd in different catalytically active sites or complexes on at the catalyst surface may be responsible for the proceeding of two reactions: NO reduction with CO and direct NO decomposition.
Organic / inorganic bioactive materials Part I: Synthesis, structure and in vitro assessment of collagen/silicocarnotite biocoatings
Authors: Hristov Vladimir , Radev Lachezar , Samuneva Bisserka , Apostolov Georgi
Published: October 2009

The silicocarnotite, as an inorganic part of the coatings, has been synthesized using a polystep sol-gel method. The chemical composition of the prepared silicocarnotite sol is described as 58.12 CaO, 29.42 P2O5, 12.45 SiO2 (wt%), where Ca/P+Si = 1,67. The acid soluble type I collagen, as an organic part of the obtained coatings, was mixed with silicocarnotite powder in a weight ratio of 25:75 and 75:25 weight ratio without cross-linkage. The acidity of the obtained mixture was readjust with 25% NH4OH to pH = 9.0. The mixture was then dried at 37°C for 12 h.

The growth of B-type carbonate containing hydroxyapatite (B-type CO3HA) in which CO3
2+→PO4
3− on the surface of collagen/silicocarnotite coatings soaked in 1.5 simulated body fluid (1.5 SBF) was observed. The nucleation of B-type CO3HA was estimated on the obtained coatings after 3 days immersion in 1.5 SBF. The negatively charged carboxylate groups from the collagen surface may be responsible for the HA deposition. This was confirmed by the “red shift” of carboxylate groups of collagen molecules in the FTIR spectra. After soaking in 1.5 SBF, the morphology of prepared coatings and HA formation was observed by SEM.
One step synthesis of Diflunisal using a Pd-diamine complex
Authors: Kylmälä Tuula , Tois Jan , Xu Youjun , Franzén Robert
Published: October 2009

Diflunisal and Felbinac, two FDA-approved NSAIDs and other biphenyl carboxylic acids were prepared in one step by a simple and clean Suzuki cross-coupling reaction using an easily synthesized, air and moisture stable, palladium-diamine complex. The yield (93%) for the one-step preparation of Diflunisal is the best reported without using a glovebox and a phoshine-based catalyst.
CP-MLR directed QSAR study of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: sulfonamide and sulfamate inhibitors
Authors: Sharma Brij , Pilania Pradeep , Singh Prithvi , Sharma Susheela , Prabhakar Yenamandra
Published: October 2009

The inhibition activities of sulfonamide and sulfamate derivatives for human carbonic anhydrases have been quantitatively analyzed using DRAGON descriptors. QSAR models have been obtained through combinatorial protocol-multiple linear regression (CP-MLR) computational procedure. For the hCA I inhibition activity, a higher value of information content index of the 1-order neighborhood symmetry (IC1) and a lower value of the Moran autocorrelations, MATS2v and MATS1p, along with a lower number of sulfur atoms in a molecular structure (nRSR) is beneficial to the activity. A higher number of 5-membered rings (nR05), a bigger distance between nitrogen and sulfur T(N..S), and a higher value of van der Waals volume weighted descriptor (GATS6v), are helpful to improve the hCA II inhibition activity. For the inhibition of hpCA, a lower value of the descriptors Jhetv and PW5, and higher values of the eigenvalue sum from Z weighted distance matrix, SEigZ, the Moran autocorrelation of lag 8 weighted by atomic van der Waals volumes, MATS8v and the Moran autocorrelation of lag 4 weighted by atomic Sanderson electronegativities, MATS4e are favorable. The derived significant models in such descriptors may further be used to synthesize new potential compounds and to decipher the mode of their actions at molecular level.
Organic/Inorganic bioactive materials Part II: in vitro bioactivity of Collagen-Calcium Phosphate Silicate/Wollastonite hybrids
Authors: Radev Lachezar , Hristov Vladimir , Samuneva Bisserka , Ivanova Dimitrina
Published: October 2009

In the present study, novel hybrid materials of Collagen (C) and Calcium Phosphate Silicate/Wollastonite (CPS/W) were synthesized. The CPS/W ceramic was prepared via polystep sol-gel method. The dissolution test of CPS/W ceramic was filled with TRIS-HCl buffer. FTIR depicts that hydroxyl carbonate apatite (OHCO3HA) was observed after 3 days of immersion in TRIS-HCl buffer. Biohybrids of C-CPS/W were produced from diluted hydrochloric acid collagen type I and ceramic powder with different ratios of C and CPS/W equal to 25:75 and 75:25 wt.%. The synthesized hybrids were characterized by FTIR, XRD and SEM. FTIR depicts a “red shift” if amide I could be attributed to the fact that the collagen prefers to chelate Ca2+ from partial dissolution of CPS/W ceramic. The growth of B-type carbonate containing hydroxyapatite (B-CO3HA) on the C-CPS/W hybrids soaked in 1.5SBF was observed. The negatively charged carboxylate groups from the collagen may be responsible for hydroxyapatite (HA) deposition. This fact was confirmed by the “red shift” of carboxylate groups of collagen in FTIR spectra. The formation of HA was observed by FTIR, XRD and SEM.
Organic/Inorganic bioactive materials Part III: in vitro bioactivity of gelatin/silicocarnotite hybrids
Authors: Radev Lachezar , Fernandes Maria , Salvado Isabel , Kovacheva Daniela
Published: October 2009

In this work we present our experimental results on synthesis, structure evolution and in vitro bioactivity assessment of new gelatin/silicocarnotite hybrid materials. The hybrids were obtained by diluting gelatin (G) and silicocarnotite (S) ceramic powder with G:S ratios of 75:25 and 25:75 wt.% in hot (40°C) water. The hybrids were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDS and XPS. FTIR depicts that the “red shift” of amide I and COO− could be attributed to the fact that the gelatin prefers to chelate Ca2+ from S. The growth of calcium phosphates on the surface of the hybrids synthesized and then immersed in 1.5 SBF for 3 days was studied by using of FTIR, XRD and SEM/EDS. According to FTIR results, after an immersion of 3 days, A and B-type CO3HA can be observed on the surface. XRD results indicate the presence of hydroxyapatite with well defined crystallinity. SEM/EDS of the precipitated layers show the presence of CO3HA and amorphous calcium phosphate on the surface of samples with different G/S content when immersed in 1.5 SBF. XPS of the G/S hybrid with 25:75 wt.% proved the presence of Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite after an in vitro test for 3 days.
Calorimetric study of melts in the system KF - K2TaF7
Authors: Nerád Ivan , Mikšíková Eva , Balogová Zuzana
Published: October 2009

Enthalpy increment measurements on melts in the system KF-K2TaF7 were carried out by drop calorimetry at temperatures between 298 K and 1063, 1103 and 1143 K for selected compositions. Heat capacities of the melted mixtures and enthalpies of mixing have been determined. Careful calorimetric experiments showed small but distinct non-ideality of the melt. The molar heat capacity of melt exhibits small positive divergence from additivity. The molar enthalpy of mixing shows negative deviation from ideality which decreases with increasing temperature. The thermal effect at mixing was assigned predominantly to association reactions producing more complex fluorotantalate anions. The formation of complex anions with lower coordination number of Ta may not be excluded.
Investigation of FIrpic in PhOLEDs via LC/MS technique
Authors: Sivasubramaniam Varatharajan , Brodkorb Florian , Hanning Stephanie , Loebl Hans , Elsbergen Volker , Boerner Herbert , Scherf Ullrich , Kreyenschmidt Martin
Published: October 2009

The commercial breakthrough of phosphorescent organic white light sources is presently hampered due to the unavailability of a stable blue phosphorescent emitter material. Moreover, only few analytical investigations have been made regarding the chemical degradation of the phosphorescent emitter materials during the processing or the operation of the devices. Organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) containing phosphorescent metal complexes with iridium as central ion were investigated. Special attention was paid to the chemical degradation of the material. The devices were analyzed by means of high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS). Electron spray ionization (ESI) was employed as ionization source. Isomerization phenomena of the blue-green emitting heteroleptic iridium complex FIrpic could be observed after the device manufacture and after operation. These findings could give hints on the mechanisms that influence the lifetime of PhOLEDs based on FIrpic or similar blue emitters.
Mechanistic aspects of oxidation on L-tyrosine by diperiodatocuprate(III) complex in alkali media: a kinetic model
Authors: Shetti Nagaraj , Hegde Rajesh , Nandibewoor Sharanappa.
Published: October 2009

Oxidation of an amino acid, L-tyrosine (L-Tyr) by diperiodatocuprate(III) (DPC) in alkaline medium at a constant ionic strength of 0.1 mol dm−3 was studied spectrophotometrically at different temperatures (288.1–313.1 K). The reaction between DPC and L-Tyr in alkaline medium exhibits 1:4 stoichiometry (L-Tyr:DPC). Intervention of free radicals was observed in the reaction. Based on the observed orders and experimental evidence, a mechanism involving monoperiodatocuprate(III) (MPC) as the reactive oxidant species has been proposed. A suitable mechanism is proposed through the formation of a complex and free radical intermediate. The products were identified by spot test and characterized by spectral studies. The reaction constants involved in the different steps of the mechanism were calculated. The activation parameters with respect to slow step of the mechanism were computed and are discussed. The thermodynamic quantities were determined for different equilibrium steps. Isokinetic temperature was also calculated and found to be 252.3 K.