bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Health and Physical Fitness for Office Workers in Hong Kong: Phase I
Authors: CHUNG Pak Kwong
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.The study consisted of two phases: Phase I was designed to investigate the health status and physical fitness levels of office workers and phase II was conducted to examine the training effects of a circuit training on health and physical fitness of the workers. In phase I, health and stress inventories (Pace of Life Index, General Well-Being Scale, and Bacek Sports Questionnaire), health indices (blood total cholesterol, blood pressure, lung capacity, and resting heart rate), and physical fitness assessment (bicycle ergometer test; skinfold measurement, sit-ups test; grip strength test; and sit and reach test) were conducted to 171 (112 males & 59 females, aged 30-49) office workers from 22 local corporations. From Descriptive Statistics analyses, it was found that the overall health status and stress level of the office workers were at acceptable levels. However, the lung capacity of the workers was in the category of "fair". The total cholesterol level of the male 40-year old group was found higher than the optimal level. Most of the fitness indices of the workers were in categories of "average" or "fair" when comparing with that of the general population of U.S.A. The Correlation analyses shown that the female workers, with higher regular physical activity hours, had fewer incidents of low-back pain and lower resting heart rates. It was also found that the lower the percent body fat, the lower the systolic blood pressure and the better the cardiorespiratory endurance. Similar correlations were found in the male workers: the better the cardiorespiratory endurance, the lower the resting heart rate and systolic blood pressure for the workers. Researchers indicated that workers with higher levels of physical fitness would have higher working ability and productivity, it was suggested that local office workers should give priority to regular physical activity. Activities such as aerobic exercises, calisthenics, stretching, and muscular training should be included in the exercise programmes so that a total fitness can be developed.
Identifying Health Motivations among Emerging Adult in China through Self-Determination Theory
Authors: AN Min , LI Li Ping , JI Ming Xia , LI Ping Ying , HUANG Tao , LO Sing Kai
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
Objectives: College students in China experience unhealthy behaviors such as smoking, drinking, sleep disorders, and sedentary lifestyles, which are common risk factors of chronic diseases. Lifestyle has a profound impact on one’s health. The researchers tried to explore and delineate college students’ motivations for a healthy lifestyle. Methods: 93 undergraduate students (59 males and 34 females; mean age 21.2 years) were interviewed. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using a theory-directed approach following Self-Determination Theory (SDT). Results: Participants reported five types of health motivation that broadly fall under SDT: absence of motive, external, introjected, identified, and integrated. Sources for motivation identified included health literacy, the environment, and social relationships. Conclusions: Health practitioners in colleges in China should be sensitive to different types of motivation and factors that influence college students’ goals of practicing healthy lifestyles. Effective intervention programs for improving the motivation of college students should address issues related to perceived locus of causality.
目標：中國大學生存在如吸煙，酗酒，睡眠不規律，久坐等不健康的行為方式，這些行為方式是慢性疾病的常見風險因素。 生活方式對一個人的健康產生深遠的影響。在本研究中，研究者試圖探索和描述中國大學生選擇健康生活方式的動機。方法：共訪談了93名本科大學生(其中男性59名，女性34名，平均年齡21.2歲)，並以自我決定理論為依據，對訪談記錄文本進行分析。 結果：參與者大致報告了自我決定理論所描述的五類動機：即缺失的、外部的、攝入的、認同的和整合的等。健康動機的來源大致包括健康素養、環境因素和社會關係。結論：大學的健康實踐者應對影響大學生健康行為的五類不同的動機水準保持敏感，有效的以提高健康動機為目的的教育項目應著重解決因果關係感覺軌跡中的有關問題。
Testing the Mental Toughness Model in the Setting of Chinese Martial Arts
Authors: PARTIKOVA Veronika
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Aim of this paper is to test the Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) in the setting of Chinese martial arts. The target population is adult European practitioners of modern and traditional wushu. Mental toughness is an established concept of being able to perform under pressure while remaining positive and perseverant. However, it has not yet been tested on this population. It is argued that Chinese martial arts can generate unique types of pressure situations, such as dealing with pain, body to body contact, fear of sparring, and a lack of designated levels of achievement, such as a belt ranking system. 

METHODS: 277 respondents (85 female) were sampled from 28 countries. The exploratory factor analysis was conducted in SPSS, and internal consistency was calculated. Confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS was used to evaluate the model fit.

RESULTS: The EFA resulted in losing four items, with two items switching places on the components. The model reached a good fit of x 2/df = 1.307, IFI = .965, CFI = .963 and RMSEA = .047.

CONCLUSIONS: This paper provided the validation of the SMTQ scale for a Chinese martial arts setting. Researching mental skills in the specific environment of Chinese martial arts may be a fruitful direction for further research, especially when developing a mental skills training program for this population. The modified model resulting from this study is the first step in this respect. Moreover, it confirms the recently discussed multidimensionality of the mental toughness model.
Exergaming for children with probable developmental coordination disorder (p-DCD)/DCD
Authors: MA Wai Wing Ada , WONG Hoi Ling Joanne
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of exergaming for improving balance, eye–hand coordination (EHC), and exercise enjoyment among children with special educational needs (SEN) and probable developmental coordination disorder (p-DCD). This study adopted a single-group intervention with paired results. Nine primary school students (seven boys and two girls, aged 7–10 years) were recruited and underwent a 3-month exergaming intervention involving three 30-minute sessions per week. Xbox One Kinect was used under the supervision of the researchers and physical education (PE) teachers. Pre- and post-intervention scores were calculated for data analysis. Motor performance was assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children – Second Edition Test. The participants’ gaming experiences were captured using Fun Toolkit. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed significant improvements in balance and EHC, but no significant differences in enjoyment scores. The findings indicated a positive impact of exergaming on primary school students with SEN and motor problems. The outcomes indicate that exergaming is an effective strategy for improving motor skills in children with SEN and p-DCD/DCD. Therefore, exergaming could be incorporated into PE curricula to motivate students to participate in physical activities in order to improve their physical health and well-being.

本研究探討虛擬遊戲對改善有特殊教育需要（SEN）和（潛在）發育協調障礙的兒童的平衡、眼手協調和享受運動的功效。九名小學生參加為期三個月，每週三次30分鐘的訓練。訓練前後的遊戲分數、運動表現和遊戲體驗都被分析。研究結果顯示平衡力和眼手協調顯著地改善，但享受度沒有明顯差異。這說明虛擬遊戲對有SEN和動作協調問題的小學生有積極影響，改善運動技能。因此，將這納入體育課程，可鼓勵學生參加體能活動，改善身心健康。
Health Concern of Programmed Exercise and Sports in Children
Authors: SUNG Valerie , CHAN Kai Ming
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The well-documented health benefits of exercise, the introduction of large varieties of sports, the soaring technological advancements in sporting tools and facilities, coupled with the birth of numerous prodigy sports stars, made famous over-night by the help of modem telecommunications, have all led to the increasing popularity of sports amongst the community. This is especially true amongst the young age group. Exercise creates not only a healthier and fitter being, but can enhance a child intellectually, mentally and socially. On the other hand, the risks that arise as the aftermath of increased sports activities cannot be taken lightly. The rising incidence of sports injuries in children has become a matter of concern.運動對身體健康的益處已是眾所皆知，而先進科技的運動產品更加把運動世界帶進另一新領域。現代的資訊配合運動明星不段地出現，使運動變得普及化，並吸引了大量青少年參與。運動可增進兒童的智慧、心理和社交的發展。同時，它也隱藏著創傷的危機。
effect of creatine repletion on athletic abilities
Authors: YOU Chunying
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.Creatine has been discovered by scientists for a century. There are many recent investigation of the effect of creatine on athletic performance in China. The present paper attempts to discuss the pro and cons of the utilization of creatine to enhance athletic performance.
Highlights of Elderly Service in Hong Kong — Athletic Gala for the Elderly
Authors: HON Sze Sze
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.One of the major annual events organized by the Hong Kong Christian Service (HKCS) is the Athletic Gala for the Elderly. The impressive results and statistics of this Gala over the last decade are indicative of the close relationship between old age and physical exercise. Through working with HKCS' Elderly Service, the author had the opportunities to experience the pleasures and pains of Hong Kong's elderly service workers. This article is an attempt to reveal challenges faced by different elderly services in Hong Kong and difficulties encountered in staging the annual Athletic Gala.香港基督教服務處每年其中的一個重頭戲是全港老人運動會；十餘年來此運動會的標榜成績，足以反映出高齡與體能運動的密切關係。透過幾年來與香港基督教服務處老人服務的合作，筆者有機會體會到老人服務工作者的苦與樂。藉著跟三位處於不同服務單位的人員之面談，本文嘗試探討香港老人服務及籌辦老人運動會時面對的種種挑戰。
Recreation and Sports Development in Hong Kong -25 Years (1974 - 1999)
Authors: MAK David
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.There has been tremendous progress made in the provision of recreation and sports facilities and programmes for the public in Hong Kong in the last 25 years, since the establishment of the former Recreation and Sports Service by the government in 1974 to organize recreation and sports activities for the public in the districts. This paper attempts to review the development of recreation and sports in Hong Kong in the last 25 years from 1974 to 1999 and make suggestions to improve the leisure delivery system in order to provide a better service for the people of Hong Kong.自從康樂體育事務處於一九七四年在本港地區推行康樂體育活動計劃後，香港的康體發展一日千里，獲得美滿成績。本文將探討由一九七四年至一九九九年過往二十五年來的康體發展，並建議如何改善現有推行康體事務機構的政策，從而爲香港市民提供一個更有效的服務。
Teaching Behaviours among the Primary Physical Education Student Teachers in Hong Kong
Authors: CRUZ Alberto
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The purpose of the study was to describe the teaching behaviours of Hong Kong physical education student teachers. Thirty-two local pre-service and in-service student teachers were videotaped teaching two lessons in their own schools or in the allocated school during their final practicum. Each videotaped lesson was coded using the Physical Education Teacher Assessment Instrument (PETAI). Data generated by the PETAI were entered into a SPSS programme to produce further statistical analysis. The results were comprehensive described and comparison were made between the in-service and pre-service student teachers' behaviour categories by employing the independent t-test. Results indicated that the in-service student teachers had significantly higher percentages of the response presentation and the total teacher instructional time than the pre-service group. Whilst the pre-service student teachers spent significantly more time in planned presentation, equipment management, organization, behaviour management and overall management time than the in-service group. It is likely the different experience in physical education lesson teaching in school environment of the groups give account for the differences of their teaching behaviours. Findings of the present study implied that there were different teaching behaviour patterns and needs of pre-service and in-service student teachers during their practicum.本研究目的是探討香港體育師訓學生的敎學行為。三十二位職前及在職師訓學生在任敎學校攝錄兩節體育課。研究採用「體育敎師評估工具(PETAI)」分析每敎節的敎學行為。獨立樣本t-test顯示職前及在職師訓學生在體育課中的指導及管理時間上有顯著差異。在職師訓組較職前師訓組多利用時間對學生學習回應(Response Presentation)，而職前師訓組則較在職師訓組多分配時間於內容演譯(Planned Presentation)、器材管理(Equipment Management)、活動組織(Organization)及學生行為管理（Behaviour Management)，此等差異可能是他們有不同體育敎學經驗所致。
Discussion on the Role Conflict between Hong Kong Physical Education Teachers and Coaches
Authors: NG Siu Kuen
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The present paper attempted to discuss the current role conflicts between the Hong Kong physical education teachers and coaches in the aspects of (1) student/athlete characteristics, and (2) teachers/coaches role characteristics and their role preferences.本文探討香港體育敎師的兩種角色衝突。討論涉及(一)學生與運動員的特質及兩者施敎時的分別，(二)敎師與敎練的角色特點及角色定位的因素。
Physical Activity Level among Hong Kong Secondary School Students during Physical Education Lessons and Extra-curricular Activities: A Descriptive Study
Authors: LOUIE Lobo , YUEN Hou Wai
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The purpose of this study was to collect preliminary physical activity data of Hong Kong secondary school students during their physical education lessons, extra-curricular activity, and the whole regular school days. Physical activity was measured in terms of the step count device - pedometer. Preliminary findings suggested that gender difference existed and diversified trends were observed. Further investigations were necessary to understand the underlying factors in order to promote physical activity in school settings.本文旨在收集本港中學生於體育課及課外活動時的身體活動量，作為初步的數據，以便日後進行全面性的研究。我們利用步數記錄儀量度身體的活動量，發現男生的活動量大大超越女生，而且觀察到不尋常的趨勢，值得我們關注。
Influence on Tennis Serve Performance between the Groups of National Players and Non-national Players in terms of with/without Audiences and with/without Receivers
Authors: LAI Su Lin , SU Jung Chi
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.The main aim of this study was to investigate the influence on tennis serve performance in terms of with/without audiences and with/without receivers. The subjects were 18 tennis players - 13 from the National College of Physical Education and Sports and 5 from the Army tennis team. They were classified into two main groups: national players (Gl) and non-national players (G2). Successful rate, speed, accurate rate and double-fault of serve were recorded under the circumstances of with/without audiences and with/without receivers. Four different conditions were used: (1) without audiences and without receivers, (2) without audience and with receivers, (3) with audiences and without receivers, and (4) with audiences and with receivers. Independent t-test was used to compare the difference between the groups of Gl and G2 under the four situations whereby α level was set at .05. As a consequence, the results reveal that there was no significant difference between these groups of tennis players under the circumstances of first/second serve successful rate, first/second serve speed, first/second serve accurate rate and double-fault, with/without audiences and with/without receivers. Nevertheless, the non-national players appeared to perform better than the national players under the circumstances of first/second serve successful rate, first/second serve accurate rate and double-fault, with audiences and with receivers.本研究主要是探討國手與非國手在練習發球時，有、無觀眾在場與有、無人接發球對發球表現的影響，以提供國內敎練與選手作為訓練的依據。以13名國立體育學院運動技術系網球隊選手及5名國軍網球隊選手，合計18名男選手為研究對象。共分為國手組及非國手組兩組自願擔任本研究的受試者。記錄這些受試選手在有、無觀眾在場與有、無人接發球四種情境下的發球表現情形(進球率、進球速度、準確率及雙發失誤)。共分四種情境：(1)無觀眾在場、無人接球時。(2)無觀眾在場、有人接發球時。(3)有觀眾在場、無人接發球時。(4)有觀眾在場、有人接發球時。以獨立樣本t考驗來考驗國手組與非國手組在四種不同情境下的發球表現是否有差異。顯著水準設在α = .05。本研究結果發現比較國手與非國手在四種情況下第一與第二發球進球率、第一與第二發球進球速度、第一與第二發球準確率以及雙發失誤的t考驗均未達顯著水準，但國手的表現普遍較非國手來得好。但唯有在「有觀眾在場與有人接發球」情況下，非國手的第一及第二發球進球率、第一及第二發球準確率及雙發失誤較國手有較好的傾向。
Overview of Australian Gymnastic
Authors: D'AMICO Rosa Lopez de
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The present paper presents a descriptive overview of the structure and organisation of the Australian Gymnastic Federation (AGF). It gives a brief historical perspective and later on describes its present structure. The focus of this paper is on the structure and management of the AGF and emphasis is given to the administration and organisation of artistic gymnastics at the national level. Artistic gymnastics is the oldest competitive discipline in the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) and AGF. There are data from interviews conducted with coaches, judges, gymnasts and administrators from this organisation. This overview of Australian gymnastics is part of a bigger project that deals with organisational aspects and their influence on performance. This research has used qualitative methodology, specifically with document analysis, archival review and open interviews.本文旨在探討澳洲體操總會的結構組織，透過文獻、面談及觀察等質性分析法了解其結構組織的特點，並從行政者、敎練、裁判員和運動員的多層面去尋找影響體操發展的要素及障礙。
Minireview: Formulasi Obat Kumur Ekstrak Daun Ketul (Bidens pilosa)
Authors: Meira Gracelynn , Iwansyah Assidiq Zidane , Santoso Hadinata , Wahjudi Mariana
Published: March 2021

Abstract— Ketul (Bidens pilosa L) is weed plant that has antibacterial properties. The potential of this plant has not been developed yet in Indonesia. We conducted a literature study about this plant use for herbal mouthwash. The purposes of this study were to determine components of Ketul leaf with antibacterial activity, to know the extraction solvent, to determine the method for antibacterial activity, and to predict the characteristics and components of herbal mouthwash formula. The results showed that Ketul leaf contains tannins, cardiac glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids which could inhibit the growth of various bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans. Hence the mouthwash is predicted to have antibacterial activity. The safe extraction solvent widely used was 70-80% ethanol. The Ketul leaf extract has the potential to be applied in herbal mouthwash formula. Other characteristic can be adjusted to meet the requirements as herbal mouthwash, which are pH between 5-7, the viscosity value near water viscosity value (1cP), stable during storage, and color is brownish yellow. Some common additives were added in mouthwash to improve the flavors and taste, such as sorbitol, tween-80, peppermint oil, and sodium benzoate.Keywords: antibacterial activity, solvent, Streptococcus mutans, weed

Abstrak— Ketul (Bidens pilosa L) merupakan tumbuhan gulma yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Potensi tumbuhan ini belum banyak dikembangkan di Indonesia. Pada tulisan ini telah dilakukan kajian pustaka pemanfaatan Ketul untuk obat kumur herbal. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komponen ekstrak daun Ketul yang berkhasiat antibakteri, mengetahui pelarut ekstraksi, metode penentuan aktivitas antibakteri obat kumur, dan prediksi karakteristik dan komponen obat kumur herbal daun Ketul. Hasil penelusuran pustaka menunjukkan bahwa daun Ketul mengandung tannin, glikosida jantung, saponin, alkaloid, flavonoid, dan terpenoid, yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan berbagai bakteri, termasuk Streptococcus mutans sehingga obat kumur kemungkinan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Pelarut aman yang banyak digunakan untuk ekstraksi komponen fitokimia tersebut adalah etanol 70-80%. Penentuan daya antibakteri dapat dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi agar atau pengenceran. Ekstrak daun Ketul berpotensi digunakan dalam formula obat kumur herbal. Selain potensi antibakterinya, karakteristik lainnya dapat diatur untuk memenuhi syarat formula obat kumur herbal yaitu pH berkisar 5-7, nilai viskositas mendekati nilai viskositas air (1cP), stabilitas dapat tetap terjaga selama penyimpanan dan kemungkinan obat kumur berwarna kuning kecoklatan. Beberapa bahan tambahan, seperti sorbitol, tween-80, peppermint oil, dan natrium benzoate, merupakan bahan tambahan yang aman dan umum digunakan untuk menambah cita rasa dan stabilitas formula obat kumur herbal ekstrak daun Ketul.Kata kunci: aktivitas antibakteri, gulma, pelarut, Streptococcus mutans
USE OF DIKW METHODOLOGY FOR EDUCATIONAL PROPOSALS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF INNOVATIVE LEARNING IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Dmitriy Krugliy
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the possibilities of using the DIKW-model in relation to educational proposals. The analysis
brings us back to understanding the concepts of "data", "information", "knowledge" and wisdom, where the goal of
teaching is to obtain knowledge, and the learning process itself leads to wisdom. The definitions of these basic concepts
are considered, which will prevent their misinterpretation and substitution. It will give an opportunity to develop a
model of training, which in the future will form the required specialist. The structure of this model is considered, the
connections between its components are highlighted, which are of paramount importance for the development of an
effective educational proposal within the framework of innovative education and increase of independent work of the
higher education seeker, where the role of the teacher changes. The preparedness for real life, forming the necessary
competences and teaching the student as a specialist and personality become one of the primary tasks. First, to move to
the concept of "learning", it is necessary to specify the definitions of "information" and "knowledge" to understand in
which case the presentation of information on the subject will lead to the formation of knowledge and in which it will
remain information. We understand the need to form a future specialist’s "knowledge" and opportunities related to the
category of "wisdom" under the introduction of the DIKW methodology in the educational environment. "Knowledge"
cannot be replaced by an information flow or a data flow. This is a process of multiple processing of information, data,
related knowledge and the copyright of the studied information is not an indicator of effectiveness. The indicator of
effectiveness was defining as the ability to make the decision that is most appropriate in a given situation.
«Para comerte mejor», de Giovanna Rivero
Authors: Gutiérrez León Anabel
Published: March 2021

Reseña del libro Para comerte mejor (España, Aristas Martínez, 2020), de Giovanna Rivero
De contratistas de maquinarias a prestadores de servicios. Tensiones y disputas en la agricultura tercerizada de la región pampeana argentina
Authors: Neiman Guillermo , Blanco Mariela , Neiman Melina
Published: March 2021

La externalización de tareas como práctica corriente en la agricultura pampeana comenzó a desarrollarse hace ya más de 50 años. Durante las últimas décadas, la intensificación tecnológica en general, y particularmente la identificada con la llamada “agricultura de precisión”, coloca a la subcontratación en un complejo entramado de relaciones sociales en el que intervienen procesos de innovación tecnológica, cambios en la organización de la producción y del trabajo, y renovación o surgimiento de nuevos perfiles entre los agentes. En el artículo se observan particularmente las tensiones, conflictos y negociaciones resultantes de este proceso, con información proveniente de trabajo de campo realizado en el partido de Nueve de Julio, provincia de Buenos Aires.
Makna Syifa' dalam Alquran dan Relevansinya dengan Sains Modern
Authors: Arifin Muhammad Patri
Published: March 2021

This article is a library research which aims to reveal the meaning of syifa' in the Qur’an and its relevance to modern science. Syifa' theme is an important theme that deserves elaborated to reveal the purpose of its mention which is then linked to the development of science. Its use in the form of nakirah (general) is considered by many as the universality of its content, which then triggers various opinions among commentators regarding the scope of its meaning, characteristics, goals and functions, whether in the form of the Qur’an, verses or something that is considered to be healing. By using thematic methods and a historical-sociological approach to the term of syifa' in the Qur'an, this article comes to the finding that syifa' has relevance to modern science which includes aspects of spiritual therapy, aspects of medical therapy and psychotherapy, as well as aspects of holistic therapy.
REPRESENTASI SIMBOLIS OBJEK-OBJEK MINIATUR DALAM LUKISAN
Authors: Batoory Amin
Published: March 2021

Karya seni merupakan salah satu media untuk berekspresi serta kemampuan kreatif manusia dalam menanggapi pengalaman hidupnya. Pengalaman hidup, pandangan-pandangan dan ekspresi yang muncul menjadi ide dan gagasan yang kemudian diolah menjadi simbol-simbol dan metafora, diwujudkan menjadi sebuah karya seni.Penciptaan karya muncul karena adanya ketertarikan terhadap keindahan sejarah dan budaya serta keinginan untuk memberikan informasi yang lebih luas tentang kebudayaan Timur Tengah dan sejarah Afghanistan. Afghanistan yang dilanda perang berkepanjangan pernah menjadi bagian pusat peradaban kuno karena letaknya di jalur sutra. Lubang kosong tempat dimana patung Buddha raksasa di Bamiyan berdiri merupakan saksi bisu peradaban yang diterpa perang berkepanjangan. Ketidaktahuan akan sejarah menghasilkan sebuah perilaku yang fatal.  Penyangkalan sejarah berarti  penyangkalan  identitas  suatu  wilayah sehingga sebuah bangsa merasa tidak memiliki akar dan merasa kerdil. Proses  mengekspresikan gagasan kedalam wujud karya lukis  diwujudkan dengan   karakter-karakter miniatur dan artefak-artefak dari Afghanistan yang diadaptasi dimana tiap figur menceritakan ceritanya sendiri sebagai bagian dari narasi yang kompleks.  Cerita-cerita yang  dikisahkan  adalah  tentang  mencari  perubahan dalam lingkungan yang tidak ramah, pergolakan antara diri sendiri dengan dunia luar untuk mencari jalan yang lebih baik. Kata kunci: miniatur, simbol, metafora, Bamiyan Afghanistan, seni lukis
Working Memory in Chinese Text Comprehension
Authors: Chang Sau Hou , Henley Tracy B.
Published: March 2021

本研究旨在探討中文文字理解中工作記憶與文章一致性的關係。八十六名以粵語為母語的參與者完成了操作字元工作記憶跨度任務(分為低工作記憶組和高工作記憶組), 以及一項閱讀理解任務 (閱讀不一致文章的時間以及記憶不一致文章的準確性)。結果顯示高工作記憶組用更少時間檢測文章的不一致性, 和更準確地記憶文章的內容。低工作記憶組需要更長時間檢測文章的不一致性, 和更不準確地記憶文章的內容。此外, 參與者花更多的時間閱讀不一致的文章, 扭曲較多的內容, 並替換更多資訊。然而, 不一致的文章並不有助於記憶。本研究擴展了關於工作記憶和中文文字理解的文獻, 除了測量反應時間, 本研究新增測量回憶文章內容, 並介紹替換為另一個閱讀不一致文章的錯誤方法。
Structural defects and deformations of the economy
Authors: TOROPTSEV Evgenii L. , MARAKHOVSKII Aleksandr S.
Published: March 2021

Subject. We address the structure of the economy, its structural defects and distortions.
Objectives. The purpose is to introduce the concepts of structural defects and distortions of the economy. These properties of the economic system structure make it difficult to realize the chances of its rapid development.
Methods. The theoretical and practical basis of the systems, inter-industry and structural dynamic analysis serve as the components of the study’s methodology.
Results. Based on official statistics and our own statistical research base for the digitization of the dynamic model of inter-industry balance, we solved the problem of identification of structural defects and deformations of the economy. The scope of the study's results is the macroeconomic modeling, structural sustainability, assessment of the impact of structural reforms (national projects) on economic growth, and analysis of internal dynamic properties of economic systems at the macro level.
Conclusions. We developed principles of identification of structural defects and deformations of macro systems that affect the economic dynamics. Understanding the ‘structural deformation’ as the degradation of inter-industry ties, and the ‘structural defects’ as the manifestations of technological unpreparedness for growth, we can conclude that the Russian economy of 2015, had these two negative properties.
التكييف القانوني لجريمة التهديد عبر مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي
Authors: Abdulazez Hales Younis
Published: March 2021

أن خصوصية الأفراد ومعلوماتهم الخاصة داخل الأجهزة التقنية وشبكة الإنترنت معرض للاعتداء عليها، مما يُرتب عليه استغلال ضعفاء النفوس تهديدهم وتتحقق جريمة التهديد باعتبارها أحد انواع الجرائم الالكترونية بواسطة ما يسمى بالنظم المعلوماتية الذي من ممكن استعماله في الاعتداء على الحريات العامة للفرد أو على حرمة الحياة الخاصة، وجريمة التهديد ترتكب بقصد حمل شخص ما أو أشخاص على القيام بارتكاب بفعل أو الامتناع عنه سواء اكان هذا الفعل أو العمل مشروعاً أو لم يكن مشروعاً بواسطة دخول شخص بطريق متعمد الى الحاسب الآلي أو الموقع الالكتروني أو نظم معلوماتي أو شبكة الحاسبة الآلية غير مجاز أو مسموح له بالدخول اليها، وهذا دليل على ان الوسائل التكنولوجية الحديثة من شبكة عنكبوتية ومواقع محلية وعالمية وأجهزة التواصل الحديثة تُعد من ادوات التهديد، كما يُعد التهديد أسلوباً من أساليب الضغط والقسر والاكراه يم ممارسته من قبل الجاني على المجنى عليه لنزع إرادته وحريته وإيقاع الاذى المعنوي أو الجسدي عليه عن طريق حِيَل يتفنن المهدد في استعمالها لكي يحقق جرائمه الأخلاقية أو المادية أو كلاهما معاً.
The Black Body in Donald Pierson’s Thesis “Negroes in Brazil”
Authors: Almeida Dulce Filgueira de , Cook Craig
Published: March 2021

This article aims to present the way the black body is approached in Donald Pierson’s (1900-1995) doctoral thesis. The question to be investigated is: how does one of the first studies on racial issues carried out in Brazil treat the black body? The theoretical framework was defined by authors from the social sciences. The thesis was considered as a historical document. A content analysis was made based on the following codes: the work’s physical structure, notes on the second and the first introductions, and approaches about the body. The results suggest that the black body did not properly qualify as an object of study, but it reveals an element that identifies both biological aspects and the movement of black bodies. It is concluded that resuming the investigation initiated by Pierson about blacks in Bahia is relevant because it allows the understanding of black body markers in the Brazilian context.
Fontes d’água: sítios históricos para pensar sobre o processo de formação do atual núcleo de moradia da comunidade quilombola de Galeão, Cairu (BA)
Authors: Almeida Fabio Guaraldo , Campos Sílvio
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo aborda a trajetória histórica da comunidade quilombola de Galeão durante o período pós-abolição, quando a política hegemônica do Estado brasileiro procurou invisibilizar e absorver essa população, cada vez mais presente e numerosa, que ameaça a imagem branca e católica da sociedade. As novas estratégias usadas pelos quilombolas para ampliar seus espaços de sociabilização e sua visibilidade cultural não são contadas nos livros e não existem relatos escritos. Nesse sentido, a arqueologia e a história oral assumem uma posição de destaque. Para tanto, a arqueologia desenvolvida na comunidade quilombola de Galeão, no litoral baiano, parte da perspectiva da arqueologia da paisagem para entender as fontes de captação e uso d’água enquanto sítios arqueológicos carregados de traços simbólicos das atividades e espacialidades da população africana e afrodescendente. Enquanto tal, apresentam-se como marcos paisagísticos para contar o processo de formação da atual comunidade quilombola de Galeão.
IMPEACHMENT OF STUDENT REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENT IN THE UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA’ BOARD OF TRUSTEES ACCORDING TO ADMINISTRATIVE LAW VIEWPOINT
Authors: Bimasakti Muhammad Adiguna
Published: March 2021

Law No. 12 of 2012 regarding Higher Education constitute that Higher Education Institution is required to have a Organizing Organization(s) of Higher Education. Universitas Indonesia (UI) as a State University which was regulated in Government Regulation No. 68 of 2013 regarding the Statute of the University of Indonesia (Statute of UI) has a Board of Trustees of the University of Indonesia (MWA UI) which is one of the Organizing Organizations of Higher Education in UI. One element in the MWA UI is the student representative element (MWA UI UM) which is elected once a year by all UI students in a democratic way, and is appointed and discharged based on recommendations from the Academic Senate of the University of Indonesia which is then determined through a Ministerial Decision (Ministry of education). But then the Intra-Campus Student Organizations in UI regulate the impeachment mechanism of MWA UI UM beside the election. Does the impeachment of the MWA UI UM by the Intra-Campus Student Organization of UI have a legal impact on the status of the MWA UI UM membership at the MWA UI? Then how is the mechanism of impeachment / "dishonorably discharged" for members of the MWA UI UM if the proposal for impeachment comes from Student Organizations in UI? These two questions will be discussed in this article. The method used in this paper is literature study about student organizations of UI, and related laws and regulations.
Passively self-error-rejecting qubit transmission over a collective-noise channel
Authors: Deng Fu-Guo , Li Xi-Han , Zhou Hong-Yu
Published: March 2021

We propose a passively self-error-rejecting single-qubit transmission scheme for an arbitrary polarization state of a single qubit over a collective-noise channel, without resorting to additional qubits and entanglement. By splitting a single qubit into some wavepackets with some Mach-Zehnder interferometers, we can obtain an uncorrupted state with a success probability approaching 100% via postselection in different time bins, independent of the parameters of collective noise. It is simpler and more flexible than the schemes utilizing decoherence-free subspace and those with additional qubits. One can directly apply this scheme to almost all quantum communication protocols based on single photons or entangled photon systems against a collective noise.
Polarization-entanglement purification and concentration using cross-Kerr nonlinearity
Authors: Wang Chuan , Zhang Yong , Jin Guang-Sheng
Published: March 2021

We present an entanglement purification protocol and an entanglement concentration protocol in this paper, resorting to cross-Kerr nonlinearities and interference of two coherent beams. Our purification protocol can be used to purify photon pairs not only from an ideal entangled source but also from a parametric down-conversion source by the measurement on the interference of two coherent beams without giant cross-Kerr media. Our quantum nondemolition detection can also used to concentrate photon pairs in less entangled pure states efficiently. Our protocols are more flexibilities in distinguishing the phases of the coherent states during homodyne detection.
Uniform approximation by (quantum) polynomials
Authors: Drucker Andrew , de Wolf Ronald
Published: March 2021

We show that quantum algorithms can be used to re-prove a classical theorem in approximation theory, Jackson's Theorem, which gives a nearly-optimal quantitative version of Weierstrass's Theorem on uniform approximation of continuous functions by polynomials. We provide two proofs, based respectively on quantum counting and on quantum phase estimation.
Universal quantum computing in linear nearest neighbor architectures
Authors: Kumar Preethika , Skinner Steven R.
Published: March 2021

We introduce a scheme for realizing universal quantum computing in a linear nearest neighbor architecture with fixed couplings. We first show how to realize a controlled-NOT gate operation between two adjacent qubits without having to isolate the two qubits from qubits adjacent to them. The gate operation is implemented by applying two consecutive pulses of equal duration, but varying amplitudes, on the target qubit. Since only a single control parameter is required in implementing our scheme, it is very efficient. We next show how our scheme can be used to realize single qubit rotations and two-qubit controlled-unitary operations. As most proposals for solid state implementations of a quantum computer use a one-dimensional line of qubits, the schemes presented here will be extremely useful.
Assisted entanglement distillation
Authors: Dutil Nicolas , Hayden Patrick
Published: March 2021

Motivated by the problem of designing quantum repeaters, we study entanglement distillation between two parties, Alice and Bob, starting from a mixed state and with the help of ``repeater'' stations. To treat the case of a single repeater, we extend the notion of entanglement of assistance to arbitrary mixed tripartite states and exhibit a protocol, based on a random coding strategy, for extracting pure entanglement. The rates achievable by this protocol formally resemble those achievable if the repeater station could merge its state to one of Alice and Bob even when such merging is impossible. This rate is provably better than the hashing bound for sufficiently pure tripartite states. We also compare our assisted distillation protocol to a hierarchical strategy consisting of entanglement distillation followed by entanglement swapping. We demonstrate by the use of a simple example that our random measurement strategy outperforms hierarchical distillation strategies when the individual helper stations' states fail to individually factorize into portions associated specifically with Alice and Bob. Finally, we use these results to find achievable rates for the more general scenario, where many spatially separated repeaters help two recipients distill entanglement.
Finite-key analysis for quantum key distribution with decoy states
Authors: Song Ting-Ting , Zhang Jie , Qin Su-Juan , Gao Fei , Wen Qiao-Yan
Published: March 2021

We analyze the security of finite-resource quantum key distribution with decoy states, and present the security bound for the practical implementations by introducing the deviations of the probability of sending a $k$-photon pulse and the error rate of the quantum state. The bound is simulated under reasonable values of the observed parameters. Compared with the previous works, the security bound is more stringent.
Security of a kind of quantum secret sharing with single photons
Authors: Wang Tian-Yin , Wen Qiao-Yan
Published: March 2021

The security of a kind of quantum secret sharing with single photons was analyzed recently, and it was shown that almost all the present schemes in this kind were not secure in the sense that an unauthorized set of participants can gain access to the dealer's secret without introducing any error. In this paper, we give a general model for this kind of quantum secret sharing. Then we analyze the conditions that make it immune to all the present attacks. Finally, we give a feasible way to design secure quantum secret sharing schemes in the model.
The communication complexity of non-signaling distributions
Authors: Degorre Julien , Kaplan Marc , Laplante Sophie , Roland J\'er\'emie
Published: March 2021

We study a model of communication complexity that encompasses many well-studied problems, including classical and quantum communication complexity, the complexity of simulating distributions arising from bipartite measurements of shared quantum states, and XOR games. In this model, Alice gets an input $x$, Bob gets an input $y$, and their goal is to each produce an output $a,b$ distributed according to some pre-specified joint distribution $p(a,b|x,y)$. Our results apply to any non-signaling distribution, that is, those where Alice's marginal distribution does not depend on Bob's input, and vice versa.~~~By taking a geometric view of the non-signaling distributions, we introduce a simple new technique based on affine combinations of lower-complexity distributions, and we give the first general technique to apply to all these settings, with elementary proofs and very intuitive interpretations. Specifically, we introduce two complexity measures, one which gives lower bounds on classical communication, and one for quantum communication. These measures can be expressed as convex optimization problems. We show that the dual formulations have a striking interpretation, since they coincide with maximum violations of Bell and Tsirelson inequalities. The dual expressions are closely related to the winning probability of XOR games. Despite their apparent simplicity, these lower bounds subsume many known communication complexity lower bound methods, most notably the recent lower bounds of Linial and Shraibman for the special case of Boolean functions. We show that as in the case of Boolean functions, the gap between the quantum and classical lower bounds is at most linear in the size of the support of the distribution, and does not depend on the size of the inputs. This translates into a bound on the gap between maximal Bell and Tsirelson inequality violations, which was previously known only for the case of distributions with Boolean outcomes and uniform marginals. It also allows us to show that for some distributions, information theoretic methods are necessary to prove strong lower bounds. ~~~ Finally, we give an exponential upper bound on quantum and classical communication complexity in the simultaneous messages model, for any non-signaling distribution. One consequence of this is a simple proof that any quantum distribution can be approximated with a constant number of bits of communication.
Low-overhead surface code logical Hadamard
Authors: Fowler Austin G.
Published: March 2021

We present an improved low-overhead implementation of surface code logical Hadamard ($H$). We describe in full detail logical $H$ applied to a single distance-7 double-defect logical qubit in an otherwise idle scalable array of such qubits. Our goal is to provide a clear description of logical $H$ and to emphasize that the surface code possesses low-overhead implementations of the entire Clifford group.
Multicopy programmable discriminators between two unknown qudit states with group-theoretic approach
Authors: Zhou Tao , Cui Jing Xin , Wu Xiaohua , Long Gui Lu
Published: March 2021

The discrimination between two unknown states can be performed by a universal programmable discriminator, where the copies of the two possible states are stored in two program systems respectively and the copies of data, which we want to confirm, are provided in the data system. In the present paper, we propose a group-theretic approach to the multi-copy programmable state discrimination problem. By equivalence of unknown pure states to known mixed states and with the representation theory of $U(n)$ group, we construct the Jordan basis to derive the analytical results for both the optimal unambiguous discrimination and minimum-error discrimination. The POVM operators for unambiguous discrimination and orthogonal measurement operators for minimum-error discrimination are obtained. We find that the optimal failure probability and minimum-error probability for the discrimination between the mean input mixd states are dependent on the dimension of the unknown qudit states. We applied the approach to generalize the results of He and Bergou (2007) from qubit to qudit case, and we further solve the problem of programmable dicriminators with arbitrary copies of unknown states in both program and data systems.
An optical scheme for quantum multi-service network
Authors: Mendonca Fabio Alencar , de Brito Daniel Barbosa , Viana Ramos Rubens
Published: March 2021

Several quantum protocols for data security having been proposed and, in general, they have different optical implementations. However, for the implementation of quantum protocols in optical networks, it is highly advantageous if the same optical setup can be used for running different quantum communication protocols. In this direction, here we show an optical scheme that can be used for quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) and quantum secret sharing (QSS). Additionally, it is naturally resistant to the attack based on single-photon detector blinding. At last, we show a proof-of-principle experiment in 1 km optical fiber link that shows the feasibility of the proposed scheme.
Exploring the Chemical Space of Protein Glycosylation in Noncovalent Protein Complexes: An Expedition Along Different Structural Levels of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Employing Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lebede Maximilian , di Marco Fiammetta , Esser-Skala Wolfgang , Hennig René , Wohlschlager Therese , Huber Christian G.
Published: March 2021

Exploration of a highly glycosylated non-covalent protein comples by mass spectreometry is a challenging task due to isobarisicy of the majority of glycoforms. Integration of data from multiple structural levels (released glycan-glycopeptide-protein subunit-protein complex) by means of computational algorithms permits unraveling the hidden diversity of the human chorionic gonadotropin heterodimer, constituting the base for the study of complex glycosylated protein assemblies.
Disinfection Measures for COVID-19 ”Choice is Your’s – Be the Life Saver or the Killer”
Authors: Rupesh Sultane  , Bharat Rathi
Published: March 2021

The novel SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus that emerged in the city of Wuhan, China, last year and has since caused a large scale COVID-19 epidemic and spread all over the world countries is the product of natural evolution. On 30th January 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) declared a public health disaster of international alarm over this global pneumonia epidemic. All the people are trying to prevent from coming in contact with coronavirus. Govt of India, and it's all allied organizations working together and trying hard to control it and avoid the situation of community transmission. Nationwide lockdown helped to control the transmission but after unlock it transmitted speedily in the community which is the alarming sign for everyone. In this review mode of transmission and disinfection measures are described thoroughly so that common people can understand its gravity and follow the measures stringently.
Importance of physical activity during the pandemic
Authors: Shivangi Balwaik
Published: March 2021

This year, we are facing a pandemic that has caused a catastrophe in the lives of people all over the world. In December of 2019, an outbreak of a novel coronavirus first emerged in the city of Wuhan which is in Hubei province of China. The virus has been named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease as coronavirus disease 2019 because it causes sars and the disease was first discovered in the year 2019. In India though, the first lab-confirmed case of COVID-19 was first reported from the state of Kerala on January 30, 2020. As of March 31, 2020, a total 2,245 number of cases and 56 deaths were reported in India. Pathophysiology: Although this virus usually first invades the lung tissue and respiratory tract and causes pneumonia, and in severe cases, all the major organ systems in the body are impacted negatively causing to systemic failure in certain individuals. Alas, currently, there is no effective treatment for COVID. People with comorbidities, age and pathological sates are more prone to severe infection and finally, death. In this article, the mechanism at the cellular level and effects of COVID-19 to the human body. Factors like age immunity regular physical activity social distancing basic hygiene will be reviewed in this article. The objectives of this article are to first understand how the covid 19 virus affects various organ systems of the body. Then how routine physical activity is helpful in fighting the virus. And finally, what are the various ways in which we adapt routine physical activities in our daily lives during this lowdown and also look at the various physical activities.