bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among patients with ophthalmic morbidity in an urban population in Kanchipuram district
Authors: Neerajaa L. , Gopalakrishnan S. , Umadevi R.
Published: September 2018

Background: Diabetes hastens the onset of cataract, so a patient may get diagnosed of cataract and diabetes at the same time. Checking of random blood sugar values for all patients presenting with visual loss will be both a primary and secondary prevention strategy of diabetes, where in we could diagnose diabetes early and treat it promptly.Methods: This is a Health centre based cross sectional study done in Anakaputhur-urban field practice area of Sree Balaji Medical College and in Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu from September 1st to November 30th 2016, including people with visual complaints of all age groups in the study area, excluding severely ill, mentally challenged and those not willing to participate in the study. Based on convenient sample size calculation, prevalence was assumed to be 50%, with confidence interval 95%, relative precision was 9%, the sample size was calculated to be 494 participants. Previous health centre records dated September 1st to November 30th 2016the data was entered in MS excel and analaysed in SPSS 20 version.Results: Significant proportion (36.7%) of our study population presenting with visual complaints were found to be diabetic. Out of the diabetics, 69.7% presented with cataract. The other leading diagnoses were refractive error (17.7%), retinopathy (6.7%), glaucoma and others (5.7%) Other factors like positive family history, associated hypertension are significantly associated with diabetes mellitus.Conclusions: Significant amount of patients presenting with various ophthalmic complaints, especially cataract and refractive errors were found to be diabetic. So, it is recommended to check random blood sugar levels in all patients presenting to an ophthalmic outpatient setup with complaints of visual loss.
A social scenario of beliefs and practices among women regarding chickenpox in modern era of medicine
Authors: Saxena Sumit , Agarwal Lokesh , Saxena Anju
Published: September 2018

Background: All people urban or rural have their own beliefs and practices concerning health and disease. Cultural factors are deeply involved in health and sickness. Some customs and beliefs have positive values while others may be useless or positively harmful.Methods: The present cross sectional study was carried out in District Bareilly of Uttar-Pradesh consisting of 15 blocks. A multi-stage sampling design with a mix of purposive and random approaches will be used. Women were interviewed by house to house visits knowing the fact that who’s children or anyone of the family member who already suffered from chickenpox were chose for the study. Thus total of 200 women interviewed.Results: Out of 200 women, 142(71.0%) women kept the child in separate room. A large number of women, 145 (72.5%) denied their children to play with sick child and 102(51.0%) didn’t bathe their sick child. Majority of the respondents, 181(90.5%) women kept neem leaves besides the sick child’s bed and 167(83.5%) women believed in keeping iron knife beside the sick child’s bed so as to prevent their child to evil eye.Conclusions:Culture is the product of human societies, and man is largely a product of his culture environment. Age-old cultural values show their profound impact on perception of illness among respondents.
A study on associations and influence of health determinants on systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Authors: Yalamanchili Sreenivasa V.
Published: September 2018

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of hypertension among Indian urban educated population and evaluate the association of various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on the development of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP).Methods: The retrospective study comprised of medical data obtained from 175 individuals who had undergone routine annual medical check-up during the period 2016 -2017. The data was analysed and interpreted using summary statistics, correlations and linear regression analysis. Most of the variables were measured values.Results: Out of 175 reports analysed, 40 (22.9%) individuals comprising of 29 males and 11 females were found to be hypertensives. Isolated systolic hypertension was present in 4 (2.3%) individuals, isolated diastolic hypertension in 26 (14.9%) individuals and in 10 (5.7%) individuals both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was raised. Significant correlations were observed. Multiple linear regression showed significant positive influence of DBP, age and BMI on SBP whereas serum vitamin D level and left ventricular cardiac ejection fraction was negatively influencing SBP (R²=0.638, p=0.000). furthermore, multiple regression analysis with DBP as the dependent variable showed SBP, and serum vitamin D level to be the significant influencing determinants (R²=0.602, p=0.000).Conclusions: The present study on the Influence of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on development of SBP and DBP improves knowledge for better preventive strategies.
Awareness of diabetes among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending a rural health and training center
Authors: Aljin V. , Umadevi R. , Eashwar V. M. Anantha
Published: September 2018

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a major threat to both developing and developed countries, which can be easily prevented by lifestyle modifications. Because of lack of awareness, the occurrence of diabetes and its complications is showing a steady increase. Empowering the patients with knowledge about diabetic self-care is expected to have better outcome of the disease. Thus this study was planned to assess the awareness and knowledge about diabetes among the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending rural health care center. The objective of the study was to assess the awareness of diabetes among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending a rural health and training centre (RHTC).Methods: A Cross sectional study was conducted to assess the awareness about diabetes among patients with type 2 diabetes, attending RHTC in Tamil Nadu. The study was conducted in outpatient clinic in RHTC, during the month of November and December 2017 and 258 patients with diabetes who gave written consent were included in the study. Data was collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire through one-to-one interviews. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 16.Results: It was found that, 63.1% of the participants had adequate knowledge regarding T2DM and family history of T2DM was one of the important determinant of having adequate knowledge regarding T2DM.Conclusions: Knowledge about diabetes is fair but still their practice on control of glycemic levels needs to be improved. This shows that there is a necessary to health educate the patients in order to prevent or postpone the complications of diabetes mellitus.
FILM MEDIALITY IN V. NABOKOV’S PROSE
Authors: Gerchenova D. V.
Published: September 2018

In this article, the problem of influence of cinematic visuality on the literary texts of V. Nabokov isposed. The very concept of film-mediality and its significance for Nabokovs aesthetics are specified. A studyof some features of the narrative in the Nabokov prose of the late 1920-ies and early 1930-ies, conditionedby the influence of film aesthetics, is being conducted. Those possibilities that open up to the writer and thereader the use of a kind of camera lens, a kind of cinematic eye are analyzed. On the material of thenovels The Luzhin Defense, Laughter in the Dark, The Eye, the possibilities of using techniques,motifs and conceptual models of the films in a literary work are considered with the aim of expanding thenarrative boundaries turning the plot of the narrative into a plot of observation. In view of the lack ofcoverage by the researchers of the issue under consideration, an attempt is made to resolve the terminologicaluncertainty and distinguish between the concepts of film materiality and cinematography, and also toestablish the meaning of the term film-mediality as applied to the literary (in our case modern) text.The work is of an analytical nature and is a comprehensive study. We take into account mainly formalreceptions borrowed from the cinema, transferred to the soil of literary texts and adapted to the language ofverbal art. The study of techniques helps to establish the semantic interference of cinema and literature. Theinfluence of film-medialism on Nabokovs narration is traced; the relationship between the observer and theobserved, the object of observation and the viewer, the change of points of view and vision are explored.Theoretical reflection and practical analysis of Nabokovs novels allow us to conclude that cinematographictechniques and optical effects transferred to the space of the literary text help the writer to convey thefragmentation of heroes and events, and also to present the narrative as a pattern of successive movingpictures.
PRAGMATIC COMMENT RELATIONS IN THE SYSTEM OF ENGLISH DISCOURSE FUNCTIONAL LINKS
Authors: Ponomarenko E. V.
Published: September 2018

The article considers the issue of adjacent utterances functional interaction through which discourse sense space is formed. In particular, the input of the pragmatic comment relation in this process is analysed. The topicality of the stated problem arises out of the necessity to reveal the participation of linguistic means in building up constructive and promising, or, conversely, destructive and hopeless for society, role of verbal communication. Methods of the functional linguistic analysis make an optimal research basis to this end. Examples of English discourse from books by American and British writers of the XX–XXI centuries are taken as the empirical material which models typical communicative situations. Proceeding from works by T.A. van Dijk, functional relations are defined as pragmasemantic links between utterances in a speech chain in the process of communication between the sender and the recipient of the message.The author looks into the specificity of the pragmatic comment relation in comparison with other functional links of discourse, the range of the pragmasemantic meanings under discussion, different variants of contamination of pragmatic comment functional components with relations of other types. The pragmatic comment relation is special due to the fact that, unlike other links, it does not advance the narration propositionally; it only discloses the speaker’s personal impression and modality of his/her perception of the situation. It is this emotional sensation that makes the purport of superphrasal unities which actualize the given functional relation. The growing frequency of such emotive linguistic means is also noted in business communication, which usually shows the communicativepartners’ strife for solving their professional tasks by exerting the desired rhetorical impact on each other.Finally, the author concludes that pragmatic comment as a special type of pragmasemantic links in English discourse reveals a variety of the meanings expressed, stylistic effectiveness and wide occurrence in fiction and actual speech.
N.A. ROZHKOV AND THE SOCIETY of HISTORIANS-MARXISTS (THE FATE OF THE HISTORIAN AND HIS SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE IN THE MIDDLE OF 1920 – BEGINNING OF 1930)
Authors: Danilov V. N.
Published: September 2018

Nikolay Alexandrovich Rozhkov (1868–1927) was a prominent Russian historian of the late XIX – early XX century, the author of major works on the economic, political and social history of Russia, the Creator of the original historical concept, which he considered Marxist. For his political activity was subjected to repression under the tsarist and Communist regimes. The article aims to consider the participation of Rozhkov in the last years of his life, when he broke up with politics and was engaged only in scientific and pedagogical work, in the work of the society of historians-Marxists, which was in the second half of 1920 – early 1930 a peculiar center of Soviet historical science. The attitude of Soviet historiography to its scientific heritage after the scientist’s death is also traced. It is shown that the cooperation in the framework of the society of historians-Marxists, there was a mutual interest of both the historian and the leadership of Soviet historical science. Despite this, the leading representatives of the official historiography continued to criticize Rozhkov’s sociological and historical views for their inconsistency with the basic provisions of the orthodoxal Marxist-Leninist concept of the Russian historical process. For the first time a detailed analysis of the historian’s speeches at the meetings of the Society and his publications in the journal «Historian-Marxist», which was a printed body of the organization is carried out. It was found that at this time, as at the beginning of his scientific career, when he worked at the Moscow University, and during the pre-Revolutionary exile in Siberia, the historian focused on historical and economic problems. First of all, it was expressed in the development of methodology of microeconomics study of history of an individual industrial enterprise. On the basis of the developed theoretical approaches and source methods, a detailed study of the specific production and economic activity of Prokhorovka (trekhgornaya) textile factory of the late XVIII-first half of XIX centuries was then presented. Attention was drawn to the fact that at first after the death of the leader of Soviet historians-Marxists M. N. Pokrovsky began to spread the version of the alleged imminent ideological and political rapprochement of Rozhkov with the Bolshevik party, which was prevented by the unexpected and premature death of him. However, soon during the various ideological campaigns of the late 1920 – early 1930 aimed at combating «bourgeois perversions of history» and affirming «purity of Marxism» in Soviet historical science, the well-known characteristic of Rozhkov as a petty bourgeois historian-eclecticism, a Menshevist trend was finally determined.
PARTICIPATION OF THE ALL-RUSSIAN ZEMSTVO UNION IN THE DELIVERY OF THE HEALTH CARE TO SOLDIERS DURING WORLD WAR I (1914–1916)
Authors: Kuzmin V. Yu.
Published: September 2018

Assisting the sick and wounded soldiers is one of the pressing problems of our country’s history. During the First World War, it was provided not only by the state, but also by public organizations. The article considers the participation of the All-Russian Zemsky Union in the provision of medical services to soldiers. It is proved that it was the All-Russian Zemsky Union that was the leading public organization coordinating the activity of the local self-government bodies in the sphere of medical support of the Russian army.Difficulties in studying this topic are due to the state of the source base. During the preparation of the article archival sources, zemstvo periodicals, reports and essays of the activity of public organizations were used. The basis of the source base was unpublished archival materials from the funds of the Russian State Military Historical Archive, Central State Archive of the Samara Region and State Archives of the Ulyanovsk Region.It is proved that the All-Russian Zemsky Union, created in the summer of 1914, actively joined in solving the main socio-economic tasks to meet the needs of soldiers and officers participating in the First World War. It established relations with regional self-government bodies, as well as with the Russian Red Cross Society. It is shown that the structure of the Union was widely represented both in the center and at the local level. The Russian government, based on legal legislation, gave it a legalized status, and in the general system of state institutions it was not given the last place. The All-Russian Zemstvo Union, endowed with specific powers, began to represent a significant political force. The government, recognizing the sufficient competence of the Zemstvo Union in the matter of rendering assistance to the sick and wounded soldiers, allocated considerable amounts of money to it. In its work there were both successes and shortcomings. But, the latter did not reduce the value of the activities of this public organization in the sphere of organizing the treatment of military ranks. As a result of the interaction of these public organizations, the level and quality of the treatment of the wounded improved noticeably.
METHODOLOGY FOR MONITORING OF STUDENTS’ SATISFACTION WITH THE QUALITY OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS
Authors: Kuznetsova E. V.
Published: September 2018

At present, in connection with the accession of Russia to the Bologna Process, the problem of a comprehensive assessment of the quality of education has become topical. Among the indicators that should be considered together with other criteria for the effectiveness of the educational process are indicators reflecting the degree of student satisfaction with the quality of educational programs provided by the university. Student interviews require reliable and validated evaluation tools, where reliability is one of the hallmarks of the quality of the evaluation tool, characterizing the resistance to measurement errors, validity is one of the hallmarks of the ability of the tool to measure what its developers planned. Based on the analysis of Russian and foreign experience in conducting student interviews, at the Department of Applied Mathematics of Lipetsk State Technical University we developed an evaluation tool - a methodology for monitoring students’ satisfaction with the quality of educational programs. The purpose of this study is to analyze the reliability and validity of this technique. As reliability of the developed evaluation tool, the internal consistency of items of the questionnaire was considered and estimated by means of calculating Cronbach’s Alfa values. As a degree of validity, the content validity was considered, that is analysis, how much the results obtained are consistent with the theory and practice of training. The results of the survey of the fourth year students of the direction «applied mathematics» were analyzed by applying the regression analysis and calculating the values of Cronbach’s Alfa. The carried out research allows to draw the conclusion that the evaluation tool developed by us has internal consistency and substantial validity. Therefore, the results of student surveys conducted through the application of this evaluation tool can be used to analyze the quality of educational programs at a university.
Teor e acúmulo de micronutrientes em gérbera de vaso em função de fontes e doses de potássio
Authors: Guerrero Amaralina Celoto , Fernandes Dirceu Maximino , Ludwig Fernanda , Ferreira Guilherme Amaral
Published: September 2018

Estudos sobre absorção de nutrientes através da análise mineral em determinados estádios fenológicos e órgãos amostrados, colaboram para eficiência da nutrição das espécies, predizendo os nutrientes mais absorvidos e também a época de maior exigência nutricional. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o teor e acúmulo de micronutrientes em gérbera nos períodos vegetativo e reprodutivo, conduzidos com o uso de concentrações e fontes de potássio na solução nutritiva. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação do DRN/Ciência do Solo, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP, Botucatu (SP). O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2x5 (duas fontes e cinco doses de potássio), quatro repetições e cinco plantas por parcela. As fontes utilizadas foram o cloreto e o silicato, aplicados nas doses de 0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 mg L-1 de potássio. A cultivar de gérbera utilizada foi a Red. De forma geral o silicato de potássio promoveu maior teor e acúmulo de micronutrientes nas folhas, diferindo somente quanto ao Cl e Si, específicos das fontes, bem como minimizou os efeitos tóxicos do Fe, Mn e Zn.  A ordem decrescente para teor de micronutrientes e silício na parte aérea das plantas de gérbera foi de Fe>Mn>Zn>B>Cu>Si>Cl ao final do experimento.Content and accumulation of micronutrients in pot gerbera according to sources and doses of potassiumAbstract: Studies on nutrient absorption by analyzing the mineral analysis at certain growth stages and sampled agencies collaborate to the species nutrition efficiency, predicting the most absorbed nutrients and also the time of greatest nutritional requirement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the content and accumulation of micronutrients in gerbera in vegetative and reproductive periods, conducted using concentrations and sources of potassium in nutrient solution. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the DRN / Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of UNESP, Botucatu (SP). The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a factorial 2x5 (two sources-five potassium doses), four replications and five plants per plot. The sources used were silicate chloride and applied at doses of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1 potassium. The cultivar gerbera used was Red. Generally potassium silicate promoted higher content and micronutrient accumulation in the leaves, differing only on the Cl and Si, specific sources and downplayed the toxic effects of Fe, Mn and Zn. The descending order for micronutrient content and silicon in shoots of gerbera plants was Fe> Mn> Zn> B> Cu> Si> Cl the end of the experiment.
Acúmulo e translocação de cobre e zinco em plantas de Crambe abyssinica
Authors: Tito Gilvanise Alves , Chaves Lúcia Helena Garófalo , Vasconcelos Ana Carolina Feitos de
Published: September 2018

Crambe (Crambe abyssinica) é uma cultura promissora para a produção de biodiesel. No entanto, não há muita informação disponível sobre as técnicas e pesquisas sobre o melhor desempenho em diferentes regiões para explorar o seu potencial. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de cobre e zinco no acúmulo e distribuição destes elementos nesta planta. O estudo foi realizado em casa de vegetação e constou de dois experimentos independentes, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Em um deles, os tratamentos consistiram em cinco doses de cobre, ou seja, 0, 10, 15, 20 e 25 mg kg-1 e no outro , cinco doses de zinco, 0, 20, 30, 40 e 50 mg kg-1. Após 100 dias de germinação as plantas foram colhidas e avaliadas os níveis de cobre e zinco em tecidos de plantas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey a 1 e 5% de significância. Os teores de cobre e zinco aumentaram significativamente na fitomassa do crambe em função da aplicação destes elementos no solo.  Os acúmulos de cobre e zinco nas plantas de crambe obedeceram às seguintes ordens, respectivamente:  raiz > parte aérea; parte aérea > raiz. O índice de translocação do zinco foi maior que a do cobre nas plantas de crambe.Content and translocation of copper and zinc in plant Crambe abyssinicaAbstract: Crambe is a promising crop for biodiesel production. However, there is no much information available about techniques and research regarding the best performance in different regions to explore its potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of copper and zinc in the accumulation and distribution of these elements in this plant. The study was carried out in a greenhouse and it consisted of two independent experiments in completely randomized design, with three replications. Two metals with five levels were applied: 0, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg∙kg−1 for copper and 0, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg∙kg−1 for zinc. After 100 days of germination the plants were harvested and assessed the levels of copper and zinc in plant tissues. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and comparison of means by Tukey test at 1 and 5% significance. Copper and zinc content increased significantly in the biomass of crambe due to the application of these elements in the soil. Copper and zinc accumulation in crambe plants followed the following orders, respectively: root> shoot; shoot> root. The zinc translocation ratio was higher than that of copper in crambe plants.
Crescimento e absorção de macronutrientes na cultura da melancia no estado de Pernambuco
Authors: Aguiar Neto Pedro , Souza Raimunda Ariádna Gomes de , Maracajá Patricio Borges , Medeiros Aline Carla de , Pimenta Thiago Alves , Lima Tiago Silva
Published: September 2018

Objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento e acúmulo de macronutrientes por cultivares de melancia no estado de Pernambuco. O trabalho foi conduzido na estação experimental Bebedouro (Petrolina-PE) pertencente à EMBRAPA Semiárido, no período de setembro a dezembro de 2009. O solo da área experimental foi classificado como argilosolo vermelho-amarelo eutrófico (EMBRAPA, 1999). O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados completos, com quatro repetições em esquema fatorial 2x5. Os tratamentos resultaram da combinação de duas cultivares de melancia (Quetzale e Shadow) e cinco épocas de coletas: 15, 25, 35, 45 e 55 dias após o transplantio.  Em cada coleta foram utilizadas três plantas por repetição. A unidade experimental para o experimento foi constituída por três fileiras de plantas de 10,5 m de comprimento, com espaçamento de 2,0 x0,50m perfazendo um total de 63,0 m2. As coletas de plantas foram realizadas na fileira central. As cultivares Quetzale e Shadow apresentaram crescimento inicial lento, intensificando a partir dos 25 dias após o transplantio. Maiores incrementos na matéria seca total da parte aérea e do fruto ocorreram no período de 45 a 55 dias após o transplantio. Na colheita, a parte aérea e o fruto da cultivar Quetzale apresentaram os maiores acúmulos de 52%. E os macronutrientes foram absorvidos pelas cultivares na seguinte ordem: K ˃N˃Ca˃P˃Mg.Growth and macronutrient absorption in the watermelon crop in the State of PernambucoAbstract: This study aimed to evaluate the growth and accumulation of macronutrients by watermelon cultivars in the state of Pernambuco. The experiment was conducted  in the experimental station of Bebedouro (Petrolina-PE) which belongs to EMBRAPA Semiarid from September to December in 2009. The soil of experimental area was classified  as red-yellow eutrophic claylish soil.The experimente was done in a complete randomized  with four replications in a factorial scheme 2 x 5. The treatments resulted from the combination os two cultivars of watermelon (Quetzale and Shadow) and five collects: 15, 25, 35, 45 and 55 days after transplanting. Three plants were used per repetition  in each collect. The experimental unit consisted of three rows of plants with 10,5 m long, spaced by 2,0 x 0,50 m making up 63,0 m2. The plants were collected from the central row. The cultivars  Quetzale and Shadow presented slow initial growth, improving from the twenty-fifth day after transplanting. The largest increases in the total dry matter of the aerial part and fruit happened between 45 and 55 days after transplanting. At harvest, the aerial part and the  fruit of the cultivar Quetzale presented the largest accumulations , in a total of 52%. And the macronutrients were absorbed by both cultivars in the following order: K ˃ N ˃ Ca˃P ˃ Mg.
Simulação integrada dos recursos hídricos nos reservatórios Engenheiro Ávidos e São Gonçalo na Paraíba
Authors: Silva Erika Lira da , Vieira Allan Sarmento
Published: September 2018

Objetivou-se realizar uma simulação integrada nos reservatórios Engenheiro Ávidos e São Gonçalo, localizados, na Sub-bacia do Alto Piranhas no Estado da Paraíba, utilizando o modelo de rede de fluxo Acquanet. Utilizou-se o modelo tipo transformação chuva-vazão SMAP (Soil Moisture Accounting Procedure) para complementar a série de vazões naturais no período de 2010 a 2016. Assim a simulação realizada considerou uma série histórica de 1962 a 2016, com um cenário futuro onde foram adotados valores das demandas projetadas para o ano de 2032. Analisando a parte operacional dos reservatórios foi observado, no período simulado, que os mesmos atingiram seu volume máximo em muitos meses; na maioria dos períodos o volume meta foi respeitado; o volume mínimo foi atingido em alguns momentos devido aos baixos índices pluviométricos, fato que se intensificou nos últimos anos. Quanto às demandas, o abastecimento humano e dessedentação apresentaram confiabilidade acima dos 90%, já para a irrigação e indústria, o número de falhas foi maior. No cenário futuro, os resultados tiveram uma representação diferente, em poucos momentos chegaram ao volume máximo, por muitos meses operaram no volume mínimo, não conseguindo atender ao requerimento operacional do volume meta, e consequentemente o atendimento às demandas também não foi satisfatório. As falhas ocorreram no abastecimento humano e animal nos dois reservatórios, onde a confiabilidade ficou acima de 70%, e as demandas irrigação e indústria apresentaram um grande déficit de atendimento.
Valoração da água na sub-bacia do Alto Piranhas no Sertão paraibano
Authors: Assis Lilian Figueirôa de , Vieira Allan Sarmento , Olivera Marcos Macri
Published: September 2018

Objetivou-se valorar a água na sub-bacia do Alto Piranhas, no Estado da Paraíba, utilizando o modelo de Leontief. A metodologia delineada utilizou-se do método dedutivo, é classificada como descritiva e exploratória, com abordagem quantitativa. Foram considerados os principais setores da sub-bacia, quantificando o consumo pelo o conceito da Pegada Hídrica Total. Os tipos de usos, entendidos a partir do modelo de Leontief, como demandas intermediárias foram utilizados, também, para construção da matriz insumo-produto, sendo os setores a serem considerados para empregar e combinar os insumos procedentes para cada setor. A análise dos dados mostrou que a Pegada Hídrica Total resultou em um consumo de 254.938.290,78 (m³/ano). A partir disso, portanto, foi possível precificar a água nos diferentes setores, através da matriz-insumo, mas foi observado que a ausência de informações primárias associadas ao uso múltiplos da água caracterizou-se como fator limitante para a proposta deste estudo. Apesar dessa limitação notou-se, que quanto mais demandas intermediárias inseridas na matriz de valores absolutos, menores são os preços finais per capita a serem pagos pelo consumo da água, isso ocorreu porque existem contribuições de um setor para o outro.
Pós-colheita de frutos de palma (Opuntia fícus-indica) em dois estádios de maturação
Authors: Silva Marcio Santos da , Costa Franciscleudo Bezerra da , Formiga Anderson Dos Santos , Chaves Maria Tatiane Leonardo , Pereira Manoel Mykeias Duarte , Silva Kátia Gomes da
Published: September 2018

O fruto de palma pode ser considerado uma fonte potencial importante de consumo e exploração no mercado da Região Nordeste do Brasil. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar as características físico-químicas dos frutos de palma em dois estádios de maturação. Os frutos de palma foram colhidos, acondicionados em caixa de papelão e transportados do município de Ourolândia-BA cerca de 794 km para o Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar, da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus Pombal, Pombal PB até o laboratório de Análise de Alimentos. Os frutos foram divididos em dois estádios de maturação: verde e verde amarelado, utilizando-se quatro repetições, com três frutos (300 g, cada). Em seguida, os frutos foram submetidos às análises físico-químicas e químicas. Os frutos verde-amarelo obtiveram os maiores teores de sólidos solúveis, acidez, vitamina C, açúcares redutores, compostos fenólicos e flavonoides. Os teores de açúcares solúveis nos frutos verde-amarelado foram menores.
Produtividade de almeirão orgânico produzido com substratos alternativos
Authors: Uchôa Thays Lemos , Almeida Waldiane Araújo de , Araújo Neto Sebastião Elviro de , Souza Luís Gustavo De Souza e , Ferreira Regina Lúcia Félix , Silva Nilciléia Mendes da
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar substratos alternativos na qualidade de mudas e produtividade do almeirão em cultivo orgânico. O experimento foi conduzido em duas fases: em viveiro e em campo, em junho de 2016. O campo experimental está localizado no Sítio Ecológico Seridó, em Rio Branco, Acre. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelo substrato comercial Golden® utilizado como controle e por mais quatro substratos alternativos. Os substratos alternativos foram compostos por: terra (30%), composto orgânico (30%); condicionador de solo (30%), carvão (10%), termofosfato natural (1,5 kg m-3), calcário dolomítico (1,0 kg m-3) e sulfato de potássio (1,0 kg m-3), o que os diferenciaram foi a substituição do condicionador: casca de arroz carbonizada; fibra de coco; fibra do caule da palmeira ouricurí (Attalea phalerata) ou caule decomposto de sumaúma (Ceiba pentandra). A cultivar utilizada foi almeirão pão de açúcar. Aos 22 dias após a semeadura as mudas foram avaliadas para a obtenção do índice de qualidade e aos 60 dias após o transplantio a campo avaliou-se a massa fresca total, comercial, seca total, comercial e a produtividade total e comercial. Os substratos contendo sumaúma e fibra de coco tiveram melhor desempenho para massa seca da raiz e índice de qualidade de Dickson na fase de muda, massa fresca total, massa seca total e comercial e produtividade total à campo.
Superação de dormência em sementes de Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapindaceae)
Authors: Diniz Genilson Lima , Silva Joseano Graciliano da , Lopes Kilson Pinheiro
Published: September 2018

A Sapindus saponaria L. é uma espécie que possui propagação apenas por sementes e sua taxa de germinação é relativamente moderada a baixa. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar diferentes tratamentos pré-germinativos na superação da dormência de sementes desta espécie. O trabalho foi conduzido em ambiente protegido na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, em Pombal, Paraíba. As sementes foram desinfestadas com hipoclorito a 2% durante cinco minutos, lavadas em água corrente e submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos pré-germinativos: sementes intactas (testemunhas - T1); escarificação manual com auxílio de lixa d`água nº 100 no lado oposto à micrópila (T2); escarificação química por meio da imersão em ácido sulfúrico a 98% Pa, durante 10, 30 e 60 minutos (T3, T4 e T5, respectivamente) e escarificação física por meio da imersão em água quente a 80 ºC por cinco minutos, seguida de choque térmico em água gelada a 5 ºC por mais cinco minutos (T6). Empregou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. As sementes foram submetidas aos testes de emergência em areia, índice de velocidade de emergência, altura de planta, comprimento de raiz, massa seca da parte aérea e de raiz e porcentagem de sementes duras. O emprego da escarificação manual com lixa d'água nº 100 no lado oposto à micrópila das sementes é o tratamento recomendado por ser mais simples e de maior eficiência, visando a preservação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes e um melhor desenvolvimento vegetativo.
Atributos do solo em sistemas de cultivo irrigado agroecológico e convencional no Semiárido do Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Santiago Fábio Dos Santos , Montenegro Suzana Maria Gico Lima , Pinheiro Maria Rafaela De Almeida
Published: September 2018

A sustentabilidade dos sistemas agrícolas irrigados na região semiárida passa pela manutenção da capacidade produtiva. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade do solo em áreas irrigadas agroecológica e convencional, localizadas na comunidade de Sombras Grandes, Caraúbas, Rio Grande do Norte. Foram coletadas amostras simples de solo (0-20 cm e 20-40 cm) de 2009 a 2012. Utilizaram-se indicadores: físicos: densidade do solo (Ds), porosidade total (PT), resistência à penetração (RP), relação de água disponível e porosidade total (AD/PT), relação da umidade volumétrica na capacidade de campo e a porosidade total (Uvcc/PT), grau de floculação (GF) e argila dispersa em água (ADA); químicos: pH, fósforo (P), capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC), saturação de bases (V), soma de bases (SB), carbono orgânico total (COT), estoque de carbono (Est C), cálcio (Ca+2), magnésio (Mg+2), potássio (K+), sódio (Na+), (percentagem de sódio trocável) PST e condutividade elétrica (CE). O teste não paramétrico de Kruskal Wallis, a correlação de Pearson e a análise de componentes principais foram usados para avaliar a qualidade do solo. A SB apresentou correlação significante e positiva na área agroecológica com V, COT e CTC e na área convencional com V e CTC. A Ds, PT, ADA e GF, COT e Al + H diferiram significativamente e melhores resultados de qualidade do solo foram verificados na área agroecológica (0-20 cm). O Ca+2, Mg+2, K+, CTC, P e SB não foram diferentes e os valores altos verificados mantiveram a fertilidade do solo em ambas as áreas estudadas. A capacidade produtiva do solo é mantida na área agroecológica, sem aplicação de adubos químicos sintéticos.
Licenciamento ambiental para empreendimentos no município de Cajazeiras, Paraíba
Authors: Sá Gabriela Braga de , Dantas Iury Araújo Macedo , Sousa Fablo Fernandes de
Published: September 2018

A dependência da sociedade atual de novos manufaturados, energia e demais bens para consumo tem como consequência o aumento das atividades industriais, e quando não são geridas de forma correta causam impactos ao meio ambiente. Como forma de mitigar ou prevenir esses impactos a resolução 237/97 do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente trata do licenciamento ambiental. Entretanto, a atuação dos órgãos ambientais para colocar a resolução em prática ainda é frágil. Desse modo objetivou-se verificar a atuação do órgão estadual competente no que diz respeito à emissão de licenças e autos de infração para empreendimentos localizados no município de Cajazeiras, Paraíba. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento de dados na Plataforma da Superintendência de Administração do Meio Ambiente para verificar as emissões de licenças ambientais e autuações no período de 2004 a 2017, buscando sintetizar os dados disponíveis e identificar quais os principais empreendimentos licenciados, assim como os tipos de empreendimentos que mais são autuados. Através da análise dos dados os autos de infração lavrados resultaram em um total de 90, número considerado relativamente baixo para o período de 14 anos e as atividades de revenda de gás, postos de combustível e padarias foram as mais autuadas. Em relação às licenças ambientais expedidas para Cajazeiras foram contabilizadas na plataforma 625, observando-se um número relativamente baixo de Licença prévia expedidas em relação às demais. De forma geral, os dados apontam a necessidade de serem adotadas medidas mais efetivas por parte do órgão ambiental estadual, de forma a contribuir para a regularização ambiental das atividades ou empreendimentos.
Amazônia: uma liturgia da beleza
Authors: Loureiro João De Jesus Paes
Published: September 2018

O objetivo original desse texto foi apresentar conexões epistemológicas entre ciência e arte para alunos da Disciplina Natureza, Agricultura e Artes do Mestrado em Agriculturas Familiares e Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Universidade Federal do Pará. Reflete-se articulando percepções que se convertem em objetos de contemplação ou em provas científicas tendo ambas como base a experiência e a experimentação. A esses produtos atribui-se o conceito de conhecimento. Recorre-se a obras de arte eautores consagrados nos diversos campos do conhecimento filosófico, artístico, religioso e científico como Leonardo da Vinci, Bernardo de Claraval, Max Weber, Bachelard, Durand, Eidorfe Moreira, Zuininga, Humberto Eco e ancora-se na tese defendida em 1994 pelo próprio autor. Passeia por exemplos amazônicos a título de aproximar teoria e exercícios de percepção e conclui com perguntas que abrem para a reflexão sobre as mudanças na interpretação estética e nas mudanças epistemológicas que estão a exigir novos posicionamentos.
O arar da amazônica terra: Inglês de Sousa e Dalcídio Jurandir
Authors: Nunes Paulo
Published: September 2018

A força da literatura como representação da natureza, a partir da agricultura como metáfora devaneante na escrita de dois autores importantes da literatura brasileira de expressão amazônica: Inglês de Sousa e Dalcídio Jurandir. Ensaio tramado a partir da provocação da disciplina “Natureza e Agricultura nas Artes”, do Programa de Pós-Graduação de Agriculturas Amazônicas da Universidade Federal do Pará, ministrada pelo professor Gutemberg Guerra. Intertextualidade e análise de enunciados são as estratégias de que se lança mão para aproximar estes dois autores importantes da literatura brasileira dos séculos XIX e XX.
Patristic and Medieval Theologies of Sacraments
Authors: Reeves Ryan M.
Published: September 2018

Part I, on patristic and medieval theologies of sacraments, covers Basil, Augustine, Peter Lombard, Thomas Aquinas, and Duns Scotus. This chapter begins Part I and addresses the sacraments in patristic and medieval theology, how the “mysteries” of the Christian faith were understood and incorporated into the life of the early and medieval Christians with emphasis on “the unity of the church in the life of the Eucharist, as it was the definitive mark of grace upon a church that had been graced with the presence of the Spirit.” This chapter also describes Augustine’s focus on sacraments as expressions of the grace of God, the importance of sourcebooks compiled in the Early Middle Ages by the likes of Isidore of Seville, the impact of the Fourth Lateran Council (1215) on sacramental theology, and Thomas Aquinas’s scholastic approach to the sacraments. Finally, this chapter addresses how John Wycliffe and Jan Hus responded, and how their response set the stage for the Reformation.
St. Augustine of Hippo
Authors: Humphries Thomas L.
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the sacramental theology of Augustine of Hippo, the great Western Church Father who emphasized the mystery of God and the fruit of love, and identified sacraments as “visible sign that connect us to the mystery of our saving God.” Baptism was to occur only once in a believer’s life and marked not only the entrance of the believer into the Church but also the believer’s identity with the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Augustine encouraged infant baptism and considered marriage and ordination to be sacraments as well. In addition, for Augustine, “the Eucharist is the summit of sacramental theology because it is so obviously and closely connected to the Incarnate Christ himself and because it is a visible sign that connects us to the mystery of salvation in Christ which is fulfilled in love.” Augustine’s work on the sacraments was in many ways seminal and has continued to influence Christian sacramental theology ever since.
Menno Simons
Authors: Mcknight Scot
Published: September 2018

This chapter addresses the Anabaptist theology of the sacraments of Menno Simons. The way the Anabaptists viewed the sacraments took considerable courage because it could be life-threatening and lead to their martyrdom. Nevertheless, Simons advocated personal conversion and regeneration versus simply participating in the institutional church, believers’ baptism versus infant baptism, and all believers receiving both the bread and wine at Eucharist versus only clergy receiving the wine. Moreover, he maintained that baptism “accomplished nothing in sacramental terms” but was rather an act of obedience to Jesus’s command and example. Eucharist in his view did not involve any “re-sacrificing” of Christ, nor did the bread and wine undergo transubstantiation into the Body and Blood of Christ—rather, it was an expression of the love of God for the church. Thus the sacramental theology of Menno Simons and the Anabaptists could essentially be deemed non-sacramental.
John Calvin
Authors: Zachman Randall C.
Published: September 2018

This chapter covers the sacramental theology of John Calvin, emphasizing the recurring connection and interplay between word and image—that is, that both the Law and the Gospel are portrayed in a way that connects with the physical senses in the image of the sacraments. For Calvin, sacraments are connected to the self-manifestation of God in creation and in Christ as well as the self-revelation of Christ in word and sacrament. An intriguing aspect of Calvin’s sacramental theology is his view that Christ initially gave himself through the “sacrament of the Law” and later gave himself through the “sacraments of the Gospel”—Baptism and the Lord’s Supper, the latter being a ladder ascending to heaven. Thus, both the Old and New Testaments play a vital role in Calvin’s theologies of the Sacraments.
Feminism and Womanism
Authors: Veeneman Mary
Published: September 2018

This chapter investigates feminist and womanist approaches to theologies of the sacraments in which sacraments are “events in the church in which God’s grace is made present to the community.” Citing the work of Susan Ross, Elizabeth Johnson, and others, the author posits the need for theologies of the sacraments to be reworked in light of the experience of women, particularly regarding the sacraments of Ordination and Eucharist. Ordained clergy should relate the Eucharist to ministry to the poor and hungry. In addition, the patriarchal framework that undergirds male privilege in the Catholic Church has resulted in misunderstanding both the maleness of Jesus and the possible role of women to serve as ordained clergy. Ultimately reevaluating theologies of the sacraments from a feminist and womanist perspective is for the sake of empowering worship and furthering mission in the world.
Sacrifice in Christian Tradition
Authors: Weddle David L.
Published: September 2018

Sacrifice is pervasive in Christian theology and ethics, as the redemptive significance of Christ’s death and as the ideal of self-giving love. Paul emphasizes both meanings in his letters, and the Gospels of the New Testament focus on the sacrificial death of Christ as the climax of their narratives. The Epistle to the Hebrews interprets Christ’s death as the fulfillment and displacement of Israelite ritual sacrifices for atonement of sins. That approach was opposed by Gnostic Christians who located Christ’s significance in his esoteric knowledge leading to immortality; thus, they regarded martyrdom as foolish. Nevertheless, the dominant Christian view honored martyrs, such as Polycarp and Perpetua, as models of imitation of Christ (imitatio Christi). Sacrifice is the primary category in the orthodox theology of Athanasius and Anselm, but Abelard replaced it with a moral influence theory of atonement. Christian mystics, like Teresa of Avila, appropriated sacrifice as the ideal of self-erasure in union with transcendence. Controversy over the Eucharist erupted in the Protestant Reformation, but the Roman Catholic Church continues to regard it as a sacrifice. Finally, Abelard’s view of Jesus’s death as exerting moral suasion was revived in the theology and social activism of Martin Luther King, Jr.
Legally Straight
Authors: Rollins Joe
Published: September 2018

Legally Straight offers a critical reading of the legal debate over lesbian and gay marriage in the United States in order to understand how change happened so quickly. The book relies on key judicial opinions to trace changes in our understanding of heterosexuality, as what was once characterized as an elusive object of analysis was brought into the spotlight. Upon closer inspection, it seemed that the cultural value of marriage was becoming tarnished, and the trouble appeared to center around one very specific issue: reproduction. As opponents of lesbian and gay marriage emphasized the link between marriage and accidental pregnancy, the evidence mounted, the arguments proliferated, and resistance began to turn against itself. Heterosexuality, it seemed, was little more than a set of palliative prescriptions for the worst of human behavior, and children became the victims. It thus became the province of the courts to reinforce the cultural value of marriage by resisting what came to be known as the “procreation argument,” the assertion that marriage exists primarily to regulate the unruly aspects of heterosexual reproduction. Our conceptions of children and childhood were being put at risk as gays and lesbians were denied marriage. Writing lesbian and gay families into the law of marriage became the better option.