bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wealth in Words: Vernacular Political Economies in Italian Dialect Proverbs
Authors: Locatelli Stefano
Published: January 2025

This paper undertakes a preliminary examination of how Italian proverbs in different regional dialects conceptualise wealth. The analysis centres on a collection of 159 proverbs published in a small volume entitled Proverbi dialettali sulla ricchezza, printed in 1987 by Vanni Scheiwiller (1934-99), director of the historic Milan-based publishing house All’Insegna del Pesce d’Oro. The examination of this corpus will illustrate how notions of wealth are formulated, expressed, and represented across different dialect communities, often using similar rhetorical figures and semantic nuances. This study will not only offer a geographical characterisation of the concept of wealth but also shed light on these communities’ ‘vernacular political economies’. These economies comprise the sets of ideas, notions, images, and expressions that, while not aiming at the construction of ‘scientific’ economic theories, articulate popular economic wisdom, beliefs and worldviews. By injecting economic meaning into social values, these proverbs share an aversion to laissez-faire market ideology and a strong emphasis on the morality of redistribution.
¿Cómo guardaban sus monedas los coleccionistas de la Cataluña del siglo XIX?
Authors: Estrada Rius Alberto
Published: January 2025

Coleccionar monedas ha implicado, desde la aparición de la numismática como disciplina en el Renacimiento, mucho más que conseguir, por distintas vías, unas piezas determinadas para clasificarlas y estudiarlas. Al emprender una colección de monedas ha sido imprescindible disponer de su almacenamiento. Es un asunto que, seguramente por obvio, queda olvidado o al que no se ha prestado suficiente atención al describir las colecciones. En este ensayo queremos destacar el asunto y sistematizar los datos al respecto que poseemos sobre el coleccionismo numismático en la Cataluña de los siglos XVIII y XIX. El objetivo final es documentar la pluralidad de formas utilizadas y señalar lo poco que, en comparación, sabemos del asunto.
POST-OPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS FREQUENCY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING EMERGENCY LAPAROTOMY IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: NAZIR MT , ANJUM IH , KHARL RAK , MENGAL MZ
Published: January 2025

One of the most frequent surgical procedures performed by general surgeons is laparotomy. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of postoperative complications are the goals of appropriate post-operative care. Objective: The study aimed to explore Post-operative complications frequency in individuals undergoing emergency laparotomy in tertiary care hospitals. Methods: This hospital-based, single-centre longitudinal prospective observational study was carried out at the Surgical Unit 2 SIMS/ Services Hospital Lahore from January 2022 to January 2024 after getting permission from the ethical board. A total of 254 participants in the general surgical unit for emergency laparotomies were included. A thorough medical history of each individual was collected. Participants were followed for post-operative issues and mortality with risk variables after surgery. Clavien-Dindo and severity classifications were used to categorize post-operative issues. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel and presented in the form of tables and figures. Results: A total of 254 individuals took part in this study out of which male were 57(22.44%) and female were 197(77.55 %.). The most prevalent age group in the study participants was 40 to 59 years group 108(42.5%). Gastrointestinal perforation accounts for 80 (31.49%) of the reasons for an exploratory laparotomy, subsequently followed by duodenal perforations 40 (15.7%), gallbladder perforation 30 (11.8%), blunt & penetrating trauma abdomen 15 (5.9%), and appendicular abscess 14 (5.5%). Surgical site infection was the most frequent of these, 120 (47%), followed by fever 97(38.1%) and pneumonia 76 (30 %), thrombophlebitis 27 (10.8%), after surgery ileus 32, (12%), UTI 25 (10%), and nausea and vomiting 35(14%). The mortality rate in our study was 7 %.Conclusion: The current study concluded that emergency laparotomies are more likely to result in postoperative complications than elective ones. The most frequent negative outcomes include fever, vomiting nausea, and postoperative surgical site infection. The overall mortality rate in our study was 7%.
HIDDEN ADVERTISING AND ITS LINGUISTIC EXPRESSION IN ARMENIAN REALITY
Authors: Hayrapetyan A,
Published: January 2025

Advertising as the most widespread phenomenon covers all aspects of human life by playing a guiding role in modern reality. It requires complete and comprehensive scientific research. It should be noted that the study of both explicit and hidden advertising is of great importance, especially from a linguistic point of view. Today’s media (where advertising in all its manifestations is predominantly expressed), influences on human thinking and especially linguistic thinking.The article is devoted to the study of the linguistic expression of hidden advertising based on data from world experience, by localizing the advertising content to Gyumri dialect.As factual material, we have used proverbs and sayings that were especially popular in Gyumri, as well as slogans and expressions containing advertising information, videos and signs emphasizing dialect expressions, without excluding other examples from Armenian reality in general.
TRANSLATION WITH TAKING NOTES
Authors: Isahakyan H. , Tonoyan, L, , Galstyan S.
Published: January 2025

The aim of the given paper is to suggest the application of different note-taking methods (column or charting, outlined, mind map, pyramid) in interpretation. Actually, the techniques predominantly utilized for enhancing listening skills may also be successfully leveraged during the interpretation process, especially in the context of note-taking, which is foundational to this study. They can be considered as inseparable parts of interpreting. Actually, large portions of information are challenging for the interpreter to recall in detail and provide a precise translation, and in such situations, note-taking becomes really crucial. According to the principle of speech compression, the basic memorable moments are highlighted for the interpreter to be able to restore the orator’s speech and translate it. The unique feature of this method is that it involves outlining the key details, which will then be utilized for an effective and accurate translation. Based on the registered material, the interpreter constructs the translation. The choice of the method depends on the interpreter’s personal preferences. It should be mentioned that alongside with the preferred method interpreters should use symbols as well. The article suggests a set of exercises to improve note-taking skills. They can be implemented during the course of ‘’Oral Translation’’.
LINGUISTIC MEANS OF REPRESENTING GENDER STEREOTYPES IN WRISTWATCH ADVERTISING
Authors: Hayrapetyan A.
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the linguistic features of commercial advertising texts for wristwatches, with a focus on the representation of gender. Two approaches in advertising are examined: the active use of gender stereotypes and the neutralization of gender factors. Gender stereotypes in advertising texts are conveyed through specific linguistic means. Advertising for watches aimed at a male audience is characterized by texts that emphasize the product’s functional features, precision, and reliability, where terms and concrete vocabulary prevail. In contrast, advertising targeting a female audience focuses on emotional, aesthetic, and elegant aspects, often using epithets, metaphors, and diminutive suffixes. The study covers an analysis of about 100 advertising texts, demonstrating how the choice of linguistic means depends on the target audience. The neutralization of gender factors, characteristic of unisex product advertising, is reflected in the use of more neutral language. The practical part of the work includes tasks for analyzing and creating advertising texts, contributing to the development of critical thinking skills and the perception of advertising discourse. The practical tasks can assist students of the Armenian State University of Economics (ASUE), as well as copywriters, in studying advertising discourse and developing skills for creating texts that take into account both gendered and gender-neutral aspects.
UNIVERSAL PERCEPTIONS OF ARMENIAN NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE PRESENT PERIOD
Authors: Gasparyan A.
Published: January 2025

Our paper deserves great attention because in the current period, the strengthening of national identity becomes a necessity based on the challenges faced by the country.

The question of national identity can generally be considered as the question of questions: it is formed along with the development of the national consciousness.

While studying the theme, we especially referred to the issues of national identity, which are still in a state of constant change.

In the difficult period for Armenia and Armenians, the problem of Armenian identity has not only scientific, academic, but also political, cognitive and practical significance. It is an important strategic potential in the formation, development and strengthening of the national state.

The novelty of the article is due to the need for a complete and comprehensive study of the topic, due to the pan-Armenian perceptions of national identity and current realities.

From this point of view, the study of the topic becomes beneficial and urgent. We have tried to single out those cornerstones of national identity, the evaluation of which is considered from the point of view of pan-Armenian perceptions and contributes to the full development and strengthening of national identity.

National identity is formed along with the formation of national consciousness and in the course of time represents different paradigms of Armenian identity: pagan, Christian, enlightening, cultural, political, with their various sub-paradigms [4, p. 87].

In the conditions of globalization, the pillars of national identity may undergo certain changes, but Armenian perceptions of national identity must always have clear goals and objectives, as well as regulated tactics and strategies.

Our national unity is due to all this.
THE LANGUAGE OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORDS OF THE ARMENIAN EPIC
Authors: Sahakyan K. , Hovhannisyan R.
Published: January 2025

In the article, we have referred to the examination of the language of the psychological retellings of one of the branches of the epic, “The Tale of the Boy David and the Girl Khandut”, the formation of the popular world perception and linguistic thinking, the formation of speech, and several features of the imaging system. Our goal is to revive the unity of the Armenian spirit and linguistic thinking in the psycholinguistic domain by examining an orally transmitted novel version of the Armenian epic poem. The original of the story, told by Davit, a peasant from the Apostle Thadeus Monastery and recorded by Khachik vardapet Dadyan, was printed as an academic publication in 1895 in the November and December issues of the “Ararat” magazine [3]. Methods and Materials: Historical-comparative, as well as methods of combination and analysis of expert literature and sources were used in this work. We also used experimental methods and techniques: observation, the method of linguistic experiment. To fix the semantic meaning of psychological concepts, we used semantic differential techniques, as well as the method of quantitative and qualitative indexing by using bipolar values ​​[11, 48]. Analysis: During the study, we raised the issue of the psychological properties of the text and made a proper distinction between the concepts of linguistic and psychological/real premises. The linguistic and stylistic analysis of this single branch of the epic testifies to the unity of our people’s oral language thinking and imagination, national psyche/mentality/ and character. Results: In the context of today’s challenges, the linguistic and stylistic analysis of the epic narratives, in particular, the interpretation of key formulas, certainly has a modern significance, because it enables to understand the code of the Armenian identity and make the messages and value system of the national epic recognizable. In 2012, one of the narratives of the epic was published in a new dialectal version, whose arrangement from the Vana dialect to the Gyumri accent of the Karno dialect has been penned by us (-R. H.).
SOME FEATURES OF REVEALING THE NEEDS OF PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS
Authors: Hakhverdyan N. , Alaverdyan H. , Baghdagyulyan N.
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the article is to identify the needs of parents of children with SEN (special educational needs), as well as to contribute to ensuring the smooth process of their socialization, integration into the social environment.
The objectives of the article are to identify the needs of parents of children with SEN, develop and conduct research to identify needs, and search for solutions to resolve the problem.
The modernity lies in the fact that this important topic needs constant study and we are making an attempt to identify the needs of parents of children with SEN, the solution of which (we believe) will be very important both for increasing their self-esteem, developing parenting skills, and for the socialization and development of children, the correct organization of the educational process, and the effective organization of contact and communication.
To conduct the research, we have analyzed, generalized, and systematized theoretical literature, as well as used the methods of observation, psychological interview, and questionnaires.
As a result of the research conducted in the settlements of the Syunik region in Goris, Verishen, Akner, Hartashen, Inner Khndzoresk, we came to the conclusion that there is a need to create a structure within the framework of which parents will receive psychological, pedagogical, and social support to raise a child with SEN in the family and create development opportunities.
MANIFESTATIONS OF ALGORITHMIC THINKING AND PRIOR KNOWLEDGE ON CHESS THROUGH ELECTRONIC GAMES
Authors: Karapetyan V. , Amiraghyan M.
Published: January 2025

The article discusses the importance of developing a preschooler’s algorithmic thinking, when the child can identify a problem, perceive it, recognize patterns, propose multiple solutions to the problem, plan his/her actions, and implement them. In real life children do a lot of actions, but it’s important to perceive their logical sequences, build the chain of actions to achieve the goal. Chess plays a significant role in this, as it allows for the creation of an internal plan for executing actions, analyzing situations on the chessboard, which are continuously changing, finding possible actions, seeing various ways to implement moves, analyzing them, choosing the most effective move and achieving goals with sequence moves. To develop preschoolers’ algorithmic thinking, electronic games with chess content have been designed and digitized, which, on the one hand, form chess knowledge – notions of chessboard, its structure, chess pieces, their moves, on the other hand, reveal the acquired notions and develop planning skills. Therefore, the goal of the article is to justify the role of electronic games with chess content in the development of algorithmic thinking of 5-6 years old children.
A Review of Machine Learning for Predicting Supply Chain Demand in Retail
Authors:   Department of System Programming, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia, Mostafa Mostafa
Published: January 2025

This review aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of the ML and DL approaches to demand forecasting in the retail supply chain, proving the superiority of the approaches over conventional statistical methods. Traditional models suit themselves poorly in the face of nonlinear dependencies, outside influences and fluctuating settings, especially in retail. At the same time, Machine Learning methodologies like RandomForest, SVMs, LSTM, and CNN provide astonishing accuracy once the temporal and spatial complexity characteristics of sales information are discovered. The review underlines the consideration of data fusion and feature construction, including macroeconomic indexes, weather, and promotions, in extending the forecasts. Issues like data quality, scalability and interpretability of the model are deliberated upon along with the solutions related to incorporating IoT and blockchain. These innovations imply real-time data capture, high-reliability levels and greater process transparency. On the same note, using enhanced value assessment indicators, usually MAE, RMSE, and MAPE, highlights that model engineering requires careful, distinct selection methods. Thus, this systematic review has put together and analyzed the most recent developments, issues, and trends in applying ML and DL in enhancing inventory management, pricing, and customer satisfaction in the retail industry to stimulate better performance and competitiveness in today's fast-growing market environment.
A Review on Designing Hybrid Energy Systems for Renewable Integration
Authors:   Computer Science and Intelligent Systems Research Center, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia, USA, Khaled Khaled
Published: January 2025

This paper reviews the design and integration of hybrid energy systems (HES) as a solution to solve the challenges of renewable energy integration. It emphasizes the role of optimization algorithms in improving system performance, reducing costs and enhancing environmental sustainability by effectively managing energy supply and demand. Recent advances in energy estimating, machine learning, and accurate resource forecasting demonstrate significant system flexibility and efficiency increases. Furthermore, it identifies existing challenges, such as scalability, high initial costs and integration complexities, while proposing future research and innovation pathways. The study argues that HES can revolutionize energy systems and contribute to global sustainability goals by addressing key gaps.
Supporting professional development for early career pre-tenure nursing faculty using Narrative Reflective Process
Authors: Chyzzy Barbara , Bookey-Bassett Sue , Ziegler Erin , Ronquillo Charlene E. , Schwind Jasna K.
Published: January 2025

Background: Early career, pre-tenure nursing faculty face significant challenges as they navigate the demands of academia, particularly during their first year. While there is growing research about pre-tenure faculty needs, specific insights into early career nursing faculty, especially in Canada, is limited. It is also not known how professional development strategies such as Schwind’s Narrative Reflective Process (NRP) could facilitate integration into academia and support professional growth. The purpose of this article is to explore the application of NRP as a professional development tool for nursing faculty during their first year of a tenure-track position.Methods: At a large urban school of nursing in Canada, four pre-tenure nursing faculty members in their first year of appointment engaged in a series of collaborative, professional development exercises guided by a senior faculty member using NRP. A composite reflection was analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Results: Six themes emerged from the faculty members’ experiences using NRP: needing time to reflect, learning process, creative process, sharing experiences and finding our unique path, experiencing emotions, and looking forward.Discussion: This article highlights the experiences of NRP on early career nursing faculty. Findings reveal the need for dedicated reflection time to foster emotional engagement. Creative activities deepened insights into faculty identities, while sharing experiences fostered community and collaboration. Faculty expressed enthusiasm for applying NRP in future educational and research contexts, recognizing its value for ongoing professional development. Conclusion: NRP is a promising tool to promote professional development in early career tenure-track nursing faculty in academia.
ON NEW EXISTENCE OF A UNIQUE COMMON SOLUTION TO A PAIR OF NON-LINEAR MATRIX EQUATIONS
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India., Garai Hiranmoy , Kanta Dey Lakshmi ,   Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India., Wutiphol Sintunavarat ,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University Rangsit Center, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand., Som Sumit ,   Mathematics Division, School of Advanced Sciences and Languages, VIT Bhopal University, Kothrikalan, Madhya Pradesh-466114, India., Raha Sayandeepa ,   Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India
Published: January 2025

The main goal of this article is to investigate the existence of a
unique positive definite common solution to a pair of matrix equations. Our
focus will be on two particular types of matrix equation systems. In order
to achieve our target, we take the help of elegant properties of Thompson
metric on the set of all n × n Hermitian positive definite matrices. To proceed
with this, we first derive a common fixed point result for a pair of mappings
utilizing a certain class of control functions in a metric space. Then we obtain
sufficient conditions to ensure a unique positive definite common solution to
the equations. Finally, to validate our results, we provide numerical examples
with diagrammatic representations of the convergence behavior of iterative
sequences.
GENERALIZED UNIQUE FIXED POINT RESULTS IN GENERALIZED FUZZY METRIC SPACES
Authors:   Institute of Numerical Sciences, Department of Mathematics, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29220, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Ur Rehman Saif , Jaradat Abeer ,   Basic Sciences Department, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, Jordan, Akbar Sidra ,   Institute of Numerical Sciences, Department of Mathematics, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29220, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Atta Sidra ,   Institute of Numerical Sciences, Department of Mathematics, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29220, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Damjanovic Bosko ,   Department of Mathematics, Agrifaculty, University of Belgrade, Serbia, Jaradat Mohammed ,   Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University 2017, Doha, Qatar
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to establish some basic properties and generalized unique fixed point (FP) theorems on generalized fuzzy metric spaces
(GFM-spaces) by using the rectangular property of the generalized fuzzy metric without the continuity of self-mappings. In support of our results, we
present nontrivial illustrative unique FP examples for single-valued contractive
type mappings on complete GFM-spaces. This work can be further improved
and extend for different types of single-valued mappings on GFM-spaces with
supportive trivial and nontrivial illustrative examples.
ON THE PROBLEM OF SCHOENBERG ON R n
Authors:   Cankaya University, Department of Mathematics 06790 Ankara, Turkey, Kushpel Alexander , Tas Kenan ,   Usak University, Department of Mathematics Usak, Turkey
Published: January 2025

In 1946 Schoenberg introduced splines on R, which play now one
of the central roles in Numerical Analysis, and posed the problem on spline
interpolation. The main aim of this article is to establish explicit representations of fundamental splines on Rn and give a positive solution of the problem
of Schoenberg on Rn
Prevalence and Perceptions of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Hospital Nurses in Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi Pakistan; A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ali Farzana Mehboob , Haroon Rukhsana M , Khan Danish Ahmed , Siddiqui Danish Ali , Parvez Aihtisham , Bushra Huda , Shivji Noor-e- Marfa Amin
Published: January 2025

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are a matter of worrisome for both staff and employers. The phrase “musculoskeletal disorders” refers to a group of ailments that injure the muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, and joints and are frequently accompanied by pain, discomfort, and incapacity. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in nurses and to assess the perception of risk factors which are associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders in nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional research study was conducted at Civil Hospital and Dow University Hospital Karachi. The data were collected from a sample of 336 nurses using non-probability convenience sampling. Results: The result of this study showed that the lower back region was the most popular with 29.2% of the respondents experiencing pain, followed by neck and shoulder (21.2% each), upper back (16.6%), wrist (6.6%), knees (2.5%), thumb (1.1%), ankles (1.1%) and hips (0.5%). The musculoskeletal disorders affect both male and female similarly. Conclusions: It was concluded that hospital nurses are highly susceptible to work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The lower back is the most commonly affected body part. Factors such as prolonged standing, awkward postures, and the same task over and over again as contributing factors to work-related musculoskeletal disorders.
Heritage Tourism Development and Marketing Model: a community-based intervention to address barriers hampering the heritage sector in Namibia Article Sidebar
Authors:   Department of Veterans Affairs, Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs, Namibia, Muulila A.P. , Mbukusa N.R. ,   Department of Higher Education and Lifelong Learning, University of Namibia, Shalyefu R.K. ,   Department of Higher Education and Lifelong Learning, University of Namibia
Published: January 2025

Heritage tourism is a form of tourism that attracts people to visit heritage sites to appreciate the natural heritage and to experience or learn about cultural heritage. It includes cultural tours, trips to festivals, visits to monuments and ruins, art viewing, and experiencing traditions and their vibrant expression in the target community. Marketing and development of the heritage tourism industry in Namibia have been experiencing numerous impediments. To address the status quo, this qualitative study adopted an interpretive paradigm and an interpretive phenomenological design to explore the key barriers hindering the heritage sector through in-depth interviews and a focus group discussion with 20 key heritage practitioners. In addition, secondary data from records and reports from various heritage institutions in the region were administered using document analysis. The study revealed that the development, promotion and preservation of Namibia’s heritage resources as tourism products poses many challenges, including inadequate funding, lack of basic infrastructure, weak documentation and poor marketing of heritage products. Therefore, the study proposes the Heritage Tourism Development and Marketing Model as an alternative strategy to address the identified challenges. The proposed model includes a road map with detailed activities to develop heritage tourism in a way that engages the local and all heritage stakeholders by adopting a participatory approach to valorization and marketing of local heritage resources as tourism products.
Comparative Analysis of Granulation Tissue Formation and Progression in Elderly Patients with Fractures
Authors: Ibadin Franklin E. , Edobor Trevor Efosa , Ernest-Okonofua Excel Onajite , Oyiborhoro Ogheneyemarho Great
Published: January 2025

Fracture healing initiates with an inflammatory phase, followed by granulation tissue formation, which is necessary for angiogenesis and bone regeneration. These processes are complicated by the influence of aging on cytokine and growth factor responses. The study sought to quantify granulation formation between elderly versus younger patients and to explore the effect of comorbidities, fracture location, and intervention type. It was a comparative observational study of 60 elderly patients (≥65 years old) with fractures. Demographic, fracture, comorbidity status, and biomarkers data (CRP, IL-6) were collected from the data. Paired samples t-tests, independent t-tests, and ANOVA were used to statistically evaluate time differences in granulation tissue formation and inflammatory markers. Increased granulation tissue formation was found between Day 7 and Day 30, although this rate fell off between Day 14 and Day 30. Levels of CRP were significantly different, suggesting an altered inflammatory response, and were intermediate between moderate inflammation, seen in elderly patients, and moderate inflammation, consistent with sepsis or septic shock. No significant difference in granulation tissue formation among groups indicated consistent healing and a failure of intervention method or fracture type. Healing is extra delayed in elderly patients as a result of reduced cell activity and immunity associated with age, and diabetes and cardiovascular diseases contribute to slowing down the recovery as well. The development of specific management protocols, CRP and IL-6 levels monitoring to track tissue healing, and vascularization and cellular function-based interventions that promote tissue regeneration. Supplements such as vitamin D plus calcium or anti-inflammatory treatments speed up healing.
The Impact of EU’s Sustainability Impact Assessment in Promoting Sustainable Development in Free Trade Agreements
Authors: Cordonier Segger Marie-Claire
Published: January 2025

This paper considers the legal and policy impacts of Sustainability Impact Assessments (SIAs) carried out by the European Union (EU) throughout Free Trade Agreement (FTA) negotiations. Specifically, it explores the role of SIAs in contributing information and guiding negotiations, evaluating the potential impact of a trade or investment agreement, pinpointing potential trade-offs, and optimizing policy decisions. This study scrutinizes whether and how this EU practice influences ongoing negotiations with potential partners and shapes its relationships with countries that have established FTAs. Additionally, it explores the approaches of other countries in the ex-ante analysis of their trade accords and considers whether and how the EU SIA practices are influencing policy decisions and legal provisions of its partners. Further, the paper provides a review of certain procedural innovations which may enhance the quality, relevance and likelihood of SIA recommendations being adopted, especially in anticipating and mitigating potential social and environmental impacts, and enhancing any co-benefits, for trade or investment agreements that might foster rather than frustrate sustainable development objectives.
EU External Relations Law on Trade and Sustainable Development: The Evolving Nature of EU Law and Policy Constraints
Authors: W. Gehring Markus
Published: January 2025

EU External Relations Law and Policy significantly evolved since the seminal Singapore Opinion in the Court of Justice (ECJ). This paper analyses the new trade and sustainable development (TSD) policies by the European Union (EU) and highlights how the changes at the EU domestic level in the course of the EU Green Deal have fundamentally changed the outlook for EU external action and even changed EU External Relations Law in the process. The use of constitutional objectives in external relations is now firmly established but the new mix of autonomous and cooperative elements also changes the more fundamental principles on which EU foreign relations are based.While the EU is still finding the right balance between autonomous measures and international cooperation, the new flexibility, particularly to address global sustainable development challenges and in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) allow the EU greater foreign policy flexibility in areas covered by global targets such as the SDGs, the Paris Agreement and the new Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. It is argued that the existence of global goals and targets combined with EU internal action in the context of the EU Green Deal fundamentally change the availability and legality of EU External Relations Law on Trade and Sustainability.
Rebalancing Power: A UN Tax Council as A Political Counterbalance in the Global Tax Debate
Authors: Lammers Jeroen
Published: January 2025

The 22 December 2023 UN General Assembly’s vote to establish terms of reference (ToR) for a framework convention on international tax cooperation has been hailed as a landmark success. This article cautions it could also undermine the last decade’s progress towards more inclusive tax cooperation. Discussions on global tax governance have persistently highlighted the power asymmetries between advanced and less advanced economies. Despite extensive analyses, few concrete solutions have been proposed addressing these imbalances. This article presents a model that illustrates that the divide between advanced and less advanced economies in the current UN process manifests itself along two main axes: the decision-making processes in a new UN body and the positioning of it relative to other tax cooperation entities. It is demonstrated that none of the model’s options meet the requirements for inclusive and effective cooperation as none reconcile the fundamental power asymmetry. Consequently, this article advocates for exploring the establishment of a UN Tax Council. Inspired by the UN Security Council, it would feature balanced regional representation with veto powers for all members. This positions it as a political counterbalance to the predominantly technocratic processes at the OECD, realigning power dynamics with current geopolitical and economic realities.
Challenging Our Assumptions: Listening to Refugee and Immigrant Women’s Voices About Career Aspirations
Authors: Warner Angela , Herring Dahlia , Baranik Lisa E. , Coles Janice
Published: January 2025

The St. Vincent de Paul Food Pantry in upstate New York serves refugees and immigrants who have recently arrived in the United States. These newcomers face significant barriers to obtaining economic stability. Those who secure a job usually work in low-paying, entry-level positions such as food service, hospitality, or cleaning. A group of community volunteers and representatives from immigrant-serving agencies was formed to better understand the needs and career aspirations of refugees and immigrants who are served at the food pantry. We conducted three focus groups and one interview with 26 immigrant and refugee women from Afghanistan, Congo-Brazzaville, the Dominican Republic, Iraq, Syria, Trinidad and Tobago, and Ukraine. Participants expressed ambitious career goals such as becoming a lawyer, nurse, judge, police officer, doctor, tailor, and chef. These findings show that community volunteers and representatives should not fall into the trap of low expectations. Instead, we recommend that newcomers’ ambitious career aspirations are heard by community volunteers, that they are given a realistic preview of the work and commitment involved, and that they are provided with resources and support to pursue their desired careers. We share two case studies that highlight the difficult employment barriers that newcomers face as well as career successes from our community. These narratives both illustrate the many challenges faced by newcomers and exemplify how community volunteers can help immigrants overcome these challenges to pursue their career aspirations.
A community-policing innovation model to build sustainable trust and effectively reduce crime in urban areas
Authors: Awoyemi Olanrewaju , Attah Rita Uchenna , Basiru Joseph Ozigi , Leghemo Iveren M
Published: January 2025

Urban areas face complex challenges in ensuring public safety and fostering trust between law enforcement and the communities they serve. This study proposes a Community-Policing Innovation Model designed to build sustainable trust and effectively reduce crime. The model emphasizes a collaborative approach that integrates community engagement, advanced technology, and data-driven strategies to enhance crime prevention and strengthen police-community relationships. Key components of the model include Community Partnerships: Establishing local advisory boards, citizen patrol groups, and regular public forums to ensure active community participation in safety initiatives. Technology Integration: Leveraging real-time data analytics, predictive policing, and mobile platforms to improve communication and responsiveness. Trust-Building Strategies: Implementing transparency measures such as body cameras, open data policies, and training programs to address implicit bias and foster accountability. Tailored Crime Prevention Initiatives: Adopting a localized approach to address specific urban crime patterns using situational crime prevention techniques and restorative justice practices. A mixed-methods evaluation framework, combining quantitative crime metrics with qualitative assessments of trust, was used to validate the model. Pilot implementations in select urban neighborhoods demonstrated measurable reductions in crime rates, increased public trust, and improved perceptions of police legitimacy. The findings underscore the importance of co-produced safety solutions in creating sustainable urban environments. This research contributes to the evolving discourse on community policing by offering a scalable and adaptable model that aligns with the principles of equity, inclusivity, and mutual accountability. Future work will explore the long-term impacts of the model and its applicability in diverse urban settings globally.
¿Protesta en las urnas? El voto de los jóvenes españoles en las elecciones europeas (2009-2014)
Authors:   Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Lorente Fontaneda Javier , García-Albacete Gema M. ,   Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Martín Cortés Irene ,   Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Published: January 2025

En cuanto a la estructura del capítulo, en primer lugar, se hace un repaso de los cambios que se han producido en la orientación de voto de los españoles en el último tramo de la legislatura, poniendo especial atención en el comportamiento electoral de los jóvenes. Acto seguido, se discuten los factores de largo y corto plazo que explican el voto de los ciudadanos. También se analiza en qué medida estos factores actúan de forma diferente entre los jóvenes. Los resultados muestran la importancia de la interacción entre desconfianza política y falta de identificación política para explicar el voto de los jóvenes a Podemos. En otras palabras, se aprecia que los jóvenes que desconfían de las instituciones de representación y que, además, no se identifican con ningún partido tradicional son los que más probabilidades tienen de votar por esta formación.
Multilingual Customer Support Chatbot Using OpenAI and Machine Learning
Authors:   DepartmentofComputerScienceandEngineering,PresidencyUniversity,Bengaluru,India, V VIDHYASHREE
Published: January 2025

Within the space of client support, businesses continuously look for ways to improve the speed, effectiveness, and quality of services provided to clients. Traditional client support strategies, which primarily depend on human operators, can be expensive and often struggle to meet client expectations in terms of response times, availability, and scalability. This is where machine learning-powered chatbots come into play. A chatbot is an intelligent framework capable of holding aReal-time natural language communication with a human. As internet usage has increased, many organizations now handle consumer inquiries through online platforms, frequently using chatbots to boost productivity, streamline operations, and improve customer service. There is still a difference between the autonomous, conversational agents that companies want to use and the chatbots that are now in use. In order to close this technical divide, this paper will first give a general review of chatbots before concentrating on research trends related to the creation of human-like chatbots. The ultimate goal is to establish a strong foundation for developing a customer support chatbot tailored to the specific requirements of the insurance and compensation sector. This study identifies the potential of chatbots to not only improve client satisfaction but also enhance the efficiency of support processes, contributing to a more streamlined and effective ecosystem for motor vehicle accident compensation. By reviewing existing literature and research, this paper aims to shed light on the evolution of customer support chatbots and the machine learning techniques used in their development.

INDEXTERMS-Scalability, ecosystem, efficiency, automation, innovation, productivity, adaptability, natural language, response times, human-like chatbots, streamlining, client satisfaction, customer support, machine learning, operations, research trends, development, communication, compensation sector, and framework.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TWO STAY TWO STRAY PADA MATERI LINGKARAN DI KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 15 AMBON
Authors: Laiyan Gusdiyono Silvester
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini lakukan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 15 Ambon dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) pada materi Lingkaran. Tipe penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Penelitian ini berlangsung selama 2 siklus dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 22 siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan lembar observasi dan tes akhir pada setiap siklus. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis data kuantitaf dan analisis data kulitatif. Hasil analisis data menunjukan bahwa terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar dimana hasil tes siklus I yang mencapai Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) lebih dari atau sama dengan 73 adalah 10 siswa dengan persentase 45,45%. Pada siklus II yang memcapai Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) lebih dari atau sama dengan 73 adalah 17 siswa dengan persentase 77,27%. Dengan demikian model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) dapat meningkatan hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 15 Ambon pada materi lingkaran
ASSESSMENT OF METHODS OF ORGANIZATION OF INVESTMENT AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Authors: Zheraeva Nataliya , Ledovskiy Andrey , Dashevskiy Viktor
Published: January 2025

A dynamic investment market requires participants to carefully analyze the possibilities of maximizing returns while minimizing the risk component of the investment portfolio. The construction industry represents a significant potential for investment activity, offering many opportunities for investment in various development projects. The successful implementation of a construction project begins with competent planning and the creation of a detailed model of interaction between all participants in the process, including developers, contractors and investors.
Proper structuring of investment and construction processes lays the foundation for successful implementation of design solutions at the initial stages of development. The methodological assessment of organizational approaches to the management of construction projects directly affects the qualitative indicators of the final results. Project activity forms the basis for system planning of construction works, where a rational choice of management methods determines the financial effectiveness and economic efficiency of the implemented solutions.
The purpose of the study is based on the analysis of methods of organization of investment and construction projects (ICP).
An Empirical Assessment of the Indian Supreme Court's Use of Law Review Articles (1950-2020)
Authors: Garg Varun , Singhi Apurva
Published: January 2025

The Indian Supreme Court is considered one of the most powerful courts in the world. At a little over 70 years old, the Court has achieved a strong reputation as being one of the most activist courts in the world. At the same time, academic writing, especially law reviews, has exponentially grown in India and established its impact on the law. A question that has emerged is whether academic writing is losing touch with the practice of law. Some commentators have attributed the apparent decline in the courts’ use of legal scholarship to the increasingly theoretical and impractical nature of law review articles, which adds little value from the perspective of the general legal profession. We try to examine this claim in the Indian context, where no study has been carried out concerning the use of legal scholarship by the Indian Supreme Court. This study analyses the use of law review articles by the Supreme Court over seven decades since the Court was established. The ‘content analysis’ technique is adopted to conduct the study, which detects that the Supreme Court has only cited law review articles 366 times in its judgements between 1950-2020. The paper goes on to undertake a detailed analysis of factors revolving around the same. We argue that despite the low number of citations of law reviews in Supreme Court judgements, claims regarding the decline of the use of legal scholarship may not necessarily be valid in the Indian context. Overall, the study provides a unique insight into when, why, and how the Indian Supreme Court involves legal scholarship in cases.
Alat Komunikasi Pemasaran Terbaik Untuk Bisnis Kecil
Authors: M AFIFAH QONITA , Malik Saharuddin
Published: January 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1.) untuk mengetahui strategi komunikasi pemasaran online/offline shop Benee.id dalam meningkatkan penjualan. 2.) Untuk mengetahui faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat strategi komunikasi pemasaran yang digunakan dalam memperkenalkan online/offline shop benee.id. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, data display, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi komunikasi pemasaran online/offline shop Benee.id menggunakan strategi komunikasi pemasaran yang efektif untuk meningkatkan penjualan pada butik online/offline shop Benne.id melalui media sosial Instagram mencakup promosi penjualan, publisitas, pemasaran langsung, dan pemasaran konten. Faktor pendukung strategi komunikasi pemasaran melalui media sosial Instagram untuk meningkatkan penjualan pada butik online/offline shop Benne.id meliputi penggunaan media sosial, kualitas konten yang tinggi, pengunaan influencer, dan pelayanan pelanggan yang baik. Sebaliknya, faktor penghambat termasuk pengiriman yang lambat, persaingan harga, perubahan referensi konsumen, persaingan yang ketat. Mengatasi hambatan ini dan memanfaatkan faktor pendukung secara optimal dapat meningkatkan efektivitas strategi pemasaran serta hasil penjualan.