bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
5. Reanimating the World
Authors: Apffel-Marglin Frédérique
Published: April 2020

This chapter advocates for integral ecological healing, particularly by attending to the practices of indigenous Amazonian communities. The use of psychedelic plant medicines in Amazonian shamanism exemplifies the kind of non-rational ways of knowing that expand human consciousness beyond the individual ego and into intimate communion with the more-than-human world.
11. Science, Storytelling, and Students
Authors: Brown Timothy
Published: April 2020

Advocating for the cultivation of storytelling skills, the author shares his experience bringing science and storytelling to students, specifically through work with National Geographic. Stories provide a framework for communicating scientific information to non-specialists, for thinking across different academic disciplines, and for motivating action.
12. Listening for Coastal Futures
Authors: Jenkins Willis
Published: April 2020

This chapter attends to the role of listening in attuning humans to the natural world, specifically in light of a project involving Long-Term Ecological Research oriented around conserving coastal ecosystems. The Conservatory Project integrates perspectives on environmental change from sciences, humanities, and the arts, designing eco-acoustic listening exercises that afford participants an aural sense of their embodiment and embeddedness in a dynamic environment. Listening can facilitate a contemplative awareness that is conducive to non-anthropocentric ways of being in the world.
14. An Okanagan Worldview of Society
Authors: Armstrong Jeannette
Published: April 2020

This chapter introduces the worldview of the Okanogan people, an indigenous people inhabiting in the northwest of North America. Jeannette Armstrong describes her personal background and experience growing up as a member of the Okanogan community in the Okanogan Valley in British Columbia, Canada. She highlights the importance of intimacy with the land, taking responsibility for relationships, and building resilient communities in the face of cultural and environmental destruction.
18. Gaia and a Second Axial Age
Authors: Kelly Sean
Published: April 2020

The period between the 8th and 3rd centuries BCE, known as the “Axial Age,” saw the beginnings of philosophy, science, mathematics, and many of the world’s religious traditions. Sean Kelly proposes that the current cultural and ecological transformations taking place on Earth are evidence of a Second Axial Age. Whereas Axial Age values were oriented around transcendent or cosmological principles (e.g., Truth, God, Oneness), the Second Axial Age is compelling humans to reorient civilization around the living Earth community—Gaia.
Preface
Authors: Mickey Sam
Published: April 2020

The preface briefly discusses the main ideas and themes covered in the book, including an overview of the structure of the book. Particular attention is given to the guiding thread of the book: integrating multiple perspectives on the place of humankind amidst the vibrant vitality of the Earth community, including perspectives across academic disciplines of the sciences and humanities and across the world’s diverse cultures and traditions.
Effect of 25-Hydroxycholesterol on the Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through Wnt5/TGF-β Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Shaoting , Zhou Jinhe , Ye Zhiqing , Wu Shenglin
Published: April 2020

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can be multi-directionally differentiated and are widely used in tissue engineering. 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) can induce osteogenesis and is involved in osteogenic formation. However, the role of 25-hydroxycholesterol in BMSCs is unclear.
Rat BMSCs were isolated and divided into control group and 25-HC treatment (2 and 4 μM) group. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. Caspase-3 and ALP activity was analyzed. Real time PCR was done to analyze Runx2, OPN, FABP4 and PPARγ2 expression. Red staining
detects the calcified nodule formation. Wnt5 level was detected by western blot and TGF-β secretion was analyzed by ELISA. 25-HC treatment significantly inhibited cell proliferation, increased Caspase 3 activity, decreased ALP activity and the expression of Runx2 and OPN, increased
expression of FABP4 and PPARγ2, decreased formation of calcified nodules, secretion of TGF-β and reduced expression of Wnt5 compared to control group (P < 0.05), and the above changes were significant with the increase of the concentration of 25-HC (P
< 0.05). 25-hydroxycholesterol regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of BMSCs by regulating Wnt5/TGF-β signaling pathway, inhibiting the differentiation of BMSCs into osteogenic direction and promoting its adipogenic differentiation.
Analysis of Clinical Features and Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Gastric Submucosal Tumors
Authors: Liu Xiangyu , Ren Xiaogang , Ma Xiaoying , Sun Xi , Wu Yue , Li Zeqing
Published: April 2020

To explore the clinical features and endosonographic (EUS) features of gastric submucosal tumors, the connection of submucosal tumor features and pathological features are analyzed to increase the awareness of submucosal tumors. This study is based on 237 cases of gastric mucosal lesions
from March 2015 to March 2019. Endoscopic ultrasonography was performed to record the size and origin of the lesions and to make the preliminary qualitative diagnosis of the lesions, where endoscopic resections have 186 cases. According to the actual lesion resection in endoscopic ultrasonography,
the origin level of SMTs and the coincidence rate of endoscopic ultrasonography diagnoses are judged. Therefore, endoscopic ultrasonography has high localization, characterization, and differential diagnosis value for gastric mucosal lesions. Diagnosis of gastric mucosal lesions under endoscopic
ultrasonography is helpful for the choice of endoscopic resection surgical method.
Classification of Medical Text Data Using Convolutional Neural Network-Support Vector Machine Method
Authors: Liu Lan , Sun Xiankun , Li Chengfan , Lei Yongmei
Published: April 2020

Conventional methods of medical text data classification, neglect of context among different words and semantic information, has a poor text description, classification effect and generalization capability and robustness. To tackle the inefficiencies and low precision in the classification
of medical text data, in this paper, we presented a new classification method with improved convolutional neural network (CNN) and support vector machine (SVM), i.e., CNN-SVM method. In the method, some convolution kernel filters that contribute greatly to the CNN model are first selected
by the average response energy (ARE) value, and then used to simplify and reconstruct the CNN model. Next, the SVM classifier was optimized by firefly algorithm (FA) and context information to overcome the disadvantages of over-saturation and over-training in SVM classification. Finally, the
presented CNN-SVM method is tested by the simulation experiment and the true classification of medical text data. The experimental results show that the presented CNN-SVM method in this paper can significantly reduce the complexity and amount of computation compared to the conventional methods,
and further promote the computational efficiency and classification accuracy of medical text data.
Diagnosis of Biliary Tract Disease Based on Ultrasound Tissue Harmonic Imaging
Authors: Yang Huali , Zhao Liangchao , Wu Qinghua , Li Nengping , Kong Lei
Published: April 2020

With the deepening of ultrasound imaging research, studying nonlinear phenomena in medical ultrasound will help people to further improve the existing diagnostic level. Harmonic imaging technology generated in recent years is an effective new technology for nonlinear acoustics in ultrasonic
diagnosis. Patients with biliary tract lesions generally have few symptoms, which are often detected by chance during physical examination. Ultrasonography is currently the preferred diagnostic method for biliary tract disease. The application of tissue harmonic imaging (THI) can effectively
eliminate many near-field misdiagnosed images, enhance the tissue echo of deep tissues or organs, and significantly improve signal-to-noise ratio and resolution. At the same time, it can better display the subtle features of biliary diseases, thereby reducing the rate of missed diagnosis and
improving the accuracy of diagnosis. Therefore, this study aimed to observe the changes of ultrasound images in the lesions and surrounding tissues of several biliary lesions by ultrasound tissue harmonic imaging technology, and realized the diagnosis in the early stage of the disease by means
of tissue harmonic imaging technology, then provided objective quantitative indicators for the diagnosis of biliary diseases. Also, this study confirmed that tissue harmonic imaging technology can significantly improve the ultrasound image resolution of biliary tract disease, clearly showing
the sub-acute gallbladder wall, gallbladder wall, gallbladder cavity in the acute and chronic inflammation and the presence of subtle changes in the tumor. This can provide a rich diagnostic value for the clinic and has practical significance for clinical treatment.
Phosphine Electrochemical Sensor Using Gold-Deposited Polytetrafluoroethylene Membrane
Authors: Kim Chang-Yeoul , Lee Hyo-Hee
Published: April 2020

Phosphine gas is a toxic and flammable gas, which are useful dopant in the semiconducting industry. OSAH (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) regulates the threshold limit value as 0.3 ppm. To detect phosphine gas, an electrochemical sensor cell using gold as a working electrode
is available. In this paper, we prepared Au thin film electrode on porous PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) membrane by using d.c. sputtering machine. Au thin film deposited on PTFE membrane for 300 s showed the thickness about 220 nm and electrical resistance between 5 and 10 ohm. We adopted
this Au thin film as a working electrode and reference electrode. The sensitivity of the electrochemical cell is about 3000 nA/ppm for phosphine gas. Using Cottrell equation and COMSOL program, we simulated the diffusion coefficient of phosphine gas within the electrochemical cell, which showed
the value of 1.21×10−7 m2/s.
Effect of High-Speed Blade Coating on Electrical Characteristics in Polymer Based Transistors
Authors: Park Jun-Ik , Jeong Hyun-Seok , Vincent Premkumar , Park Jihwan , Kim Do-Kyung , Jang Jaewon , Kang In Man , Kim Hyeok , Kim Yun-Hi , Lang Philippe , Bae Jin-Hyuk
Published: April 2020

We explore the effect of high-speed blade coating on electrical characteristics of conjugated polymer-based thin-film transistors (TFTs). As the blade-coating speed increased, the thickness of the polymer thin-film was naturally increased while the surface roughness was found to be
unchanged. Polymer TFTs show two remarkable tendencies on the magnitude of field-effect mobility with increasing blade-coating speed. As the blade-coating speed increased up to 2 mm/s, the fieldeffect mobility increased to 4.72 cm2V−1s−1. However,
when the coating speed reached 6 mm/s beyond 2 mm/s, the field-effect mobility rather decreased to 3.18 cm2V−1s−1. The threshold voltage was positively shifted from 2.09 to 8.29 V with respect to increase in blade-coating speed.
Promotional Effect of Iron on Nickel-Based Catalyst for Combined Steam-Carbon Dioxide Reformation of Methane
Authors: Kim ChoHwe , Kim YoungChul
Published: April 2020

In this study, the effect by Iron with nickel-based catalyst for the combined steam and carbon dioxide reforming of methane was investigated. Fe-promoted and un-promoted Ni–Mg–Ce/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by co-impregnation and evaluated in a quartz fixed-bed
reactor at H2O:CO2:CH4 ratios of 0.9:1:1 and a temperature of 1073 K under atmospheric pressure. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were investigated by N2 adsorption–desorption, XRD, H2-TPR, CO2-TPD, TGA
and FE-SEM. The iron-supported catalysts showed improved resistance to carbon deposition and suppressed sintering of nickel. As a result, NMC-Fe(5) showed the lowest coke and high stability over 70 h among all other catalysts.
Hydrocarbons Production from m-Cresol as a Lignin Model Compound Over Nickel Silicate Catalysts
Authors: Lee Heejin , Cho Eun-Bum , Jung Sang-Chul , Kim Sang Chai , Park Young-Kwon
Published: April 2020

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reactions under low/atmospheric pressure of hydrogen should be studied to solve the problem of the economics of the high-pressure hydrogen upgrading process. Therefore, in this study, the catalytic HDO reaction of m-cresol in atmospheric hydrogen pressure was
evaluated using Ni/silica and Nickel silicate (Ni-MCM-41) catalysts. The Ni-MCM-41 catalyst exhibited higher conversion of m-cresol than Ni/silica. The high activity of the Ni-MCM-41 catalyst was due to the large specific surface area and the high nickel loading.
Study on the State Change of Ir/Al2O3 Catalyst by Decomposition of Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) Based Low-Toxicity Monopropellant
Authors: Kim Jincheol , Jo Yeongmin , Jeon Jonggi , Kim Taegyu
Published: April 2020

The change of the Ir/Al2O3 catalyst before and after the reaction with ADN based low-toxicity monopropellant was confirmed. The catalyst were recovered after decomposition reaction with propellant in a monopropellant thruster at 350 °C preheating condition.
Catalyst analysis was performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyzer. The change of the catalyst specific devices.
Effects of Steaming and SiO2 Surface Passivation on SSZ-13 Zeolites in the Ethylene to Propylene Reaction
Authors: Kim Joo-Wan , Kim Tae-Wan , Lee Sungjune , Kim Nanah , Jeong Kwang-Eun , Jeong Soon-Young , Kim Chul-Ung
Published: April 2020

SSZ-13 zeolite was modified by two kinds of post-treatment methods such as steaming and SiO2 surface passivation (silylation) for ETP catalyst with high activity. The former steaming treatment was conducted in the range of 400–700 °C, whereas the latter surfaces
passivation was applied to a chemical liquid deposition (CLD) technique that uses various silylation agents such as tetramethylorthosilicate (TMOS), tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), and tetrabuthylorthosilicate (TBOS). Catalysts were characterized by powder-XRD, ICP, Ar-phsisorption, solid-state
27Al MAS NMR, and NH3-TPD, and their activities were tested in fixed bed reaction system. Regarding the effects of steaming temperature, the results show that a relatively higher selectivity is observed in SSZ-13 catalysts treated at proper steaming temperatures such
as 450 and 500 °C compared to parent and other steam treated catalysts. For optimum surface passivation treatments for ETP reactions, one-step surface passivation using TEOS agents among various passivation agents led to enhanced propylene selectivity to 80% when compared with parent and
other silylated SSZ-13 catalysts. However, a sequential passivation treatment with a TEOS agent was not highly affected by the reaction activity.
Study on Aminated PP-g-GMA Synthesized by Radiation-Induced Graft Polymerization for Silver Adsorption
Authors: Lee Du-Yeon , Lee Youn-Sik , Jeun Joon-Pyo
Published: April 2020

In the semiconductor manufacturing process, metallic contaminants remain on the surface of the silicon wafer, which has a serious effect on the physical and electrical characteristics of the semiconductor device. In particular, silver has high electrical conductivity and large reducibility,
and it is not easily removed causing a great deal of damage in small amounts. Therefore, it is important to prevent contamination by lowering the silver ion concentration in the etching agent in the wet etching process. In this study, to prepare an effective silver ion adsorbent, glycidyl
methacrylate (GMA) was grafted onto polypropylene (PP) through electron beam irradiation. Ethylenediamine (EDA) and diethylenetriamine (DETA) were introduced into the epoxide group of GMA via amination. The prepared adsorbent was packed in a holder and connected to a circulation pump, and
1 L of 200 ppm silver ion solution was circulated at room temperature for 12 hours. The adsorbents aminated with EDA and DETA showed adsorption capacities of 2.0587 mmol/g and 2.3645 mmol/g, respectively.
Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation Effects of Actinidia arguta Extracts in Coronary Artery: Involvement of eNOS/Akt Pathway
Authors: Gong Dal-Seong , Sharma Kushal , Kang Ki-Woon , Kim Dong-Wook , Oak Min-Ho
Published: April 2020

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major cause of death globally. Bioavailability of nitric oxide, antioxidative activity, and regulation of ionic homeostasis are the key targets for prevention of CVD. Actinidia arguta (AA) has shown promising effect for anticancer, anti-hypercholesterolemia,
and antioxidant agents. However, the vascular effect of AA remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the vascular relaxation of AA extract as well as the underlying mechanisms. Vascular reactivity was assessed in organ baths using porcine coronary arteries and antioxidant properties were
assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Methanol extract of AA stem (AASE) induced significantly vasorelaxation of porcine coronary artery and its effects is endothelium-dependent without cytotoxicity effects. In addition, ASSE scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro
and strongly inhibited NADPH-oxidase activity, which is major source of ROS in vasculature. AASE strongly and dose-dependently activate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), the major vascular protective enzyme, and Akt, the upstream signaling protein of eNOS, in porcine coronary artery
endothelial cell. Altogether, these results have demonstrated that AASE is a potent endotheliumdependent vasodilator and this effect was involved in, at least in part, Akt/eNOS/NO pathway with strong anti-oxidant properties. The present findings indicate that AA stem could be a valuable candidate
of herbal medicine for cardiovascular diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
Effect on Cell Viability with the Passage of Time After Atmospheric Plasma Treatment on Titanium Dioxide Surface
Authors: Ji Min-Kyung , Moon Byung-Kwon , Kim Hee-Seon , Park Chan , Oh Gye-Jeong , Cho Hoonsung , Lim Hyun-Pil
Published: April 2020

Various attempts to modify the surface of dental implants have been made in order to improve the adhesion of osteocytes. Plasma treatment on dental implants has been suggested to improve osseointegration. This study examined the effect on cell viability with the passage of time after
atmospheric plasma treatment. An atmospheric plasma generator (PGS-200 Plasma generator, Expantech Co., Korea) was used and the gas was mixed with the Ar2(99%)/O2(1%) composition and applied to the specimens. The passage of time was set to 7 immediately after treatment,
after 30 minutes of treatment, after 60 minutes of treatment, after 90 minutes of treatment, after 24 hours of treatment, and after 48 hours of treatment. Surface property change with the passage of time after plasma treatment were confirmed by FE-SEM, surface roughness and X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy. Cell viability was evaluated by the WST-8 assay. The data were analyzed statistically using a 1-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (α = .05). It was confirmed that the chemical composition of the surface changes as the passage of time increases
after plasma treatment. The viability of L-929 cells was the highest immediately after plasma treatment, and cell viability decreased with increasing the passage of time. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that passage of time is a very important factor for the plasma treated surface.
Antimicrobial Electrospun Nanofibrous Mat Based on Essential Oils for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Lee Ji Yeon , Yoon Deockhee , Son Byeong Cheol , Rezk Abdelrahman I. , Park Chan Hee , Kim Cheol Sang
Published: April 2020

Polyurethane (PU) nanofibers containing three different essential oils (teatree, cinnamon bark, clove) were produced by electrospinning method. Morphology of the electrospun nanofibrous was studied using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). We were studying to reveal
that different concentration of essential oil display different mechanical properties for the nanofibrous mat. The antibacterial properties of the nanofibrous loaded with the essential oil were studied quantitatively and qualitatively using three strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus
aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The antibacterial evaluation showed higher antibacterial activity for nanofibrous loaded with essential oil compares to control sample. In vitro cell culture were proceed to confirm biocompatibility of the nanofibrous contained essential oils.
In this study, we present a comparison of the samples for each of the experiment based on the derived test items and test methods. The results of this study demonstrate that the proposed nanofibrous mat loaded with essential oil will be a promising future material for different biomedical
applications.
Cerium Incorporated Nanocrystalline ZSM-5: An Efficient Catalyst for Friedel Crafts Acylation of Toluene
Authors: Farsana O. P. , Kumari Prajitha , Aneesh P.
Published: April 2020

In this paper, the application of cerium modified nanocrystalline zeolite ZSM-5 as catalyst for Friedel Crafts acylation of toluene was investigated and compared with nanocrystalline ZSM-5. The acylating agent used was acetic anhydride. The zeolite samples were characterized by means
of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Thermal analysis, ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) and Nitrogen sorption analysis. The results
show an enhanced Lewis acidity, pore volume and surface area for cerium modified ZSM-5 providing a superior accessibility for acetic anhydride and toluene to the active sites compared to the unmodified one, thereby leading to 93% conversion of acetic anhydride, which was higher than that of
unmodified ZSM-5 sample.
Influence of Incorporated Barium Ion on the Physio-Chemical Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanodisks Synthesized via a Sonochemical Process
Authors: Sagadevan Suresh , Vennila S. , Suraiya Begum S. N. , Wahab Yasmin Abdul , Hamizi Nor Aliya Binti , Marlinda A. R. , Johan Mohd. Rafie , Ahmad Naushad , Umar Ahmad , Ajmal Khan M. , Algarni H.
Published: April 2020

Nanostructure materials are of interest in last few decades due to their unique size-dependent physio-chemical properties. In this paper, zinc oxide (ZnO) and barium doped ZnO nanodisks (NDs) were synthesized using sonochemical method and characterized by various techniques such as
X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV-vis absorption and dielectric measurements. The XRD and FTIR studies confirm the crystalline nature of ZnO NDs, and the average crystallite size was found to be ~25 nm for pure ZnO
and ~22 nm for Ba doped ZnO NDs. SEM study confirmed the spherical shaped ZnO NDs with average sizes in the range of 20–30 nm. The maximum absorbance was obtained in the 200–500 nm regions with a prominent peak absorbance were observed by UV-vis spectra. The corresponding band
gap for ZnO NDs and Ba doped ZnO NDs were calculated using Tauc’s plot and was found to be 3.12 and 3.04, respectively. The conductivity and dielectric measurements as a function of frequency have been studied.
Photocatalytic and Luminescent Sensing Properties of Two New 1D Zn(II)-Based Coordination Polymers
Authors: Wang Guang-Li , Wang Rui , Wang Jun , Ling Xin-Yu , Lu Lu , Li Bao-Hong , Singh Ayushi , Kumar Abhinav , Ma De-Yun
Published: April 2020

Two new d10-configuration based Zn(II) coordination polymers with formula [Zn2(L)2(2,2′-bipy)2]n (1) and [Zn2(L)2(4,4′-bipy)]n (2) (H2L =
4,4′-{[1,2-phenylenebis-(methylene)]bis(oxy)}dibenzoic acid, 2,2′-bipy= 2,2′-bipyridine and 4,4′-bipy= 4,4′-bipyridine) have been synthesized and characterized. Both the compounds had been used as possible luminescent sensors for detecting nitroaromatic compounds
(NACs) and as photocatalysts to photodegrade methyl violet (MV) under UV irradiation. The sensing experiments indicated that 2 displayed selective sensing for m-nitrophenol (MNP) with lower limit of detection (LOD) of 1.14 ppm while photocatalytic experiments indicated that 1 displayed better
photocatalytic performance than 2 in photodegrading MV.
Efficient Technique for Simultaneous Lead Recovery and PbO2/Ti Electrode Preparation for Electrocatalytic Degradation of Basic Red
Authors: Li Chen , Shen Tong , Wang Yibo , Fan Xinfei , Song Chengwen , Sun Shuang , Huang Guohui , Ma Yanchao
Published: April 2020

In order to achieve the effective removal of Pb2+ from low-concentration wastewater as well as the lead recovery for direct reuse simultaneously, a simple electrodeposition method was used in this study. In this process, synthetic lead wastewater with low concentration of
4, 8, 12 and 16 mg/L was treated, more than 67% lead was recovered from wastewater and a PbO2/Ti electrode was fabricated in a simple reaction tank. The test results of characterizations confirmed that PbO2 nanoeletrocatalyst was successfully deposited on a Ti substrate.
Electrochemical activity tests indicated that PbO2/Ti electrode had advantages of high oxygen evolution potential (1.90 V) and low electron transfer resistance. Furthermore, the results of electrocatalytic degradation experiments demonstrated that prepared PbO2/Ti electrode
had the superb decolorization and mineralization ability on Basic Red. After 120 min of electrolysis, the Basic Red removal efficiency and TOC removal efficiency could reach to 89.38% and 68.82%, respectively, which was 5.2 and 7.1 times higher than the Ti substrate alone. Besides, the calculated
mineralization current efficiency for PbO2/Ti electrode increased from 5.18% to 36.74% after PbO2 depositing, and thus an economical benefit was obtained by more than 5 times energy saving. The influences of the applied current density, initial dye concentration, electrolyte
concentration and solution pH on the oxidation efficiency were also investigated and optimized. The prepared PbO2/Ti electrode also showed a great stability with high dye removal efficiency (above 85%) after 10 times repeated experiments. These results suggest that it is a promising
technological process to remove and recover lead from low-concentration wastewater efficiently and reuse them as electrocatalyst for other organic wastewater treatments.
Model Sensitivity during Extreme Positive and Negative Surges in the Río de la Plata Estuary: Highlighting the Need for an Appropriate Hindcast/Forecast System
Authors: Dinápoli Matías G. , Simionato Claudia G. , Moreira Diego
Published: April 2020

The large and fast-flowing Río de la Plata (RdP) estuary is affected by extreme storm surges (above ±2 m with respect to tidal datum), which have large impacts on the millions of inhabitants and for navigation. In this work the Coastal and Regional Ocean Community Model (CROCO) numerical model was modified and implemented as a set of regional one-way nested 2D applications for the hindcast/forecast of water level in the RdP. A sensitivity analysis (SA) was carried out to determine the impact on the numerical solutions of the uncertainties in the different modeling parameter forcings and to highlight the need for the construction of a modeling system that provides meaningful information to the potential users. The SA included the friction coefficients, the wind speed and direction, the atmospheric surface pressure, and the continental discharge. Water level is most sensitive to uncertainties in the wind forcing; even small changes in this input can create large errors in the water level forecast/hindcast. Forcing with different analyses’ wind products yielded differences of up to 50% in the peak water levels. Results also showed that the modeling system requires a reasonable adjustment of the bottom friction parameters; that it is important to include the atmospheric surface pressure forcing; and that, from the point of view of water level forecast, it is not necessary to couple a hydrological model in spite of the enormous runoff of this estuary. Given the strong sensitivity to errors in the wind forcing, we believe it is important to provide estimates of uncertainty together with hindcast/forecast water level for these predictions to be of greatest quality and practical applicability.
Effect of Changes in Response Options on Reported Pregnancy Intentions: A Natural Experiment in the United States
Authors: Maddow-Zimet Isaac , Kost Kathryn
Published: April 2020

Objectives

The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in collaboration with state health departments, is the largest state-level surveillance system that includes a question on the intention status of pregnancies leading to live birth. In 2012, the question was changed to include an additional response option describing uncertainty before the pregnancy about the desire for pregnancy. This analysis investigated how this additional response option affected women’s responses.

Methods

We used the change in the pregnancy intention question in 2012 as a natural experiment, taking advantage of relatively stable distributions of pregnancy intentions during short periods of time in states. Using PRAMS data from 2009-2014 (N = 222 781), we used a regression discontinuity-in-time design to test for differences in the proportion of women choosing each response option in the periods before and after the question change.

Results

During 2012-2014, 13%-15% of women chose the new response option, “I wasn’t sure what I wanted.” The addition of the new response option substantially affected distributions of pregnancy intentions, drawing responses away from all answer choices except “I wanted to be pregnant then.” Effects were not uniform across age, parity, or race/ethnicity or across states.

Conclusions

These effects could influence estimated levels and trends of the proportion of births that are characterized as intended, mistimed, or unwanted, as well as estimates of differences between demographic groups. These findings will help to inform new strategies for measuring pregnancy and childbearing desires among women.
Effects of the state’s informal practices on organisational capability and social inclusion: Three cases of city governance in Johannesburg
Authors: Pernegger Li
Published: April 2020

Despite state actors’ uses of informal practices in urban governance, their prominence in changing policy is little acknowledged by scholars. Their effects are even less examined. Such informal practices inextricably link with and impact on formal ones, and have consequences for the state and citizens, especially at the local level. This article presents three cases of contested urban governance from Johannesburg’s post-apartheid city administration. The cases reveal pivotal informal practices in response to challenges encountered in local urban governance, informed by multiple complex and (sometimes absent) formal practices, contexts, timings and players. Responding to different pressures, local-level state actors deliberately applied different sorts of informal practices. These pressures included the need to cope with immediate problems, conflictual relationships, political agendas, lobbying groups, competing priorities and resource limitations. The effects of informal practices on the local government’s organisational capability and citizens’ social inclusion are evident and varied. Findings imply that the state’s informal practices and their effects shape governance in ways that undermine or uphold democratic ideals, thus warranting more mindful scrutiny than given so far.
Evaluating the perception of thermal environment in naturally ventilated schools in a warm and humid climate in Nigeria
Authors: Munonye Charles , Ji Yingchun
Published: April 2020

Field study was conducted in naturally ventilated primary school buildings in a warm and humid environment in Imo State, Nigeria to determine the thermal comfort perception of young children (aged 7–12 years) and to understand the thermal conditions in the classrooms. The comfort temperature was investigated in two types of classroom buildings during the rainy and dry seasons from October 2017 to May 2018. Approximately 7050 completed valid questionnaires were collected from 330 young children repeatedly surveyed twice a day. The children answered comfort questions at the same time the indoor and outdoor thermal variables were being measured. Results indicated that the combined ‘open-space’ classrooms produced a neutral temperature of 28.8°C with comfort range, 25.2–32.3°C. The neutral temperature of the combined ‘enclosed-plan’ classrooms is 28.1°C with 25.8–30.5°C as the comfort range. The differences in the comfort perceptions may be attributed to the differences in the architectural characteristics of both categories of classroom buildings. High temperature tolerance was shown by the participating children in the study area. This article, therefore, suggests that installing air conditioning in primary schools in the warm humid environment in Nigeria may not be necessary as it could lead to unnecessary energy consumption and carbon emission.

Practical application: This work is part of the main research work that pioneers research on thermal comfort in public primary school classrooms in Nigeria. The findings from this study on the acceptable indoor temperatures in naturally ventilated classrooms in the warm and humid climate in Nigeria are important information for building services engineers and architects. The young children in these classrooms can accept high indoor temperatures. The intention of this information is to discourage high energy usage in heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system in primary school buildings in the study area, while maintaining the acceptable thermal comfort levels.
Total Endoscopic Submandibular Sialoadenectomy Using a 3-Port Supraclavicular Approach: A New Technique
Authors: Piromchai Patorn , Suetrong Surapol
Published: April 2020

Objectives:

The objective of this pilot study was to report the feasibility and safety of a new 3-port supraclavicular approach in endoscopic submandibular sialoadenectomy.

Methods:

We reported the safety, surgical feasibility, and aesthetic features of the total endoscopic submandibular sialoadenectomy (submandibular gland excision) using a 3-port supraclavicular approach in our institute from December 2018 to January 2020.

Results:

Endoscopic submandibular sialoadenectomy using a 3-port supraclavicular approach was performed in 2 patients with intraglandular sialolithiasis. No major adverse events occurred in this study. The patient’s satisfaction score was high (more than 8; range: 0-10).

Conclusions:

The 3-port supraclavicular approach submandibular sialoadenectomy is a feasible method that permits a relatively good surgical scarring and minimal adverse effects.
The effect of participation in a popular band program on students’ musical and extra-musical outcomes in Korea
Authors: Jung Joo Yeon , Shin Jihae , Lee Soojin
Published: April 2020

The increased attention to the use of popular music within the classroom is not new. In fact, music educators in many countries have discussed the incorporation of popular music into mainstream music education for decades. South Korea is no exception, and the younger generation has a genuine interest in and sensitivity toward popular music. Yet, South Korea has been slow to incorporate popular music into its mainstream school music curriculum. Recently, the popular band has been gaining its popularity as a new kind of ensemble program inside and outside the school in South Korea. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a popular band program, the “Little Bob Dylan Band,” on students’ musical and extra-musical outcomes. Thirty-five students participated in the program, and, in this study, both students and their parents completed a survey and were individually interviewed. Results indicated that the program enabled students to have new and deepened musical experiences in their lives. In addition, students were able to develop artistic originality through an integrated curriculum that involved cooperation with peers while creating and playing music together.
Bibliometrics units as dynamic engines for universities’ scientific production
Authors: Pacheco-Mendoza Josmel , Alhuay-Quispe Joel , Machin-Mastromatteo Juan D
Published: April 2020

In this article, we review the process behind the establishment of the Bibliometrics Research Unit at the San Ignacio de Loyola University (Peru), as a specialized unit that has aided in enhancing its university’s scientific production and research practices. The Unit’s functions and its role as a dynamic engine for scientific production are also presented and discussed under the Peruvian and Latin American contexts.
Mothers and nation in the global era: The role of evangelical Protestant mothers in the discursive construction of multicultural Korea
Authors: Jung Gowoon
Published: April 2020

Despite scholarly work examining mothers’ roles in nation-building, few studies have investigated how religion plays a role in the process. Comparing two groups of evangelical Protestant mothers, namely, transnational and domestic mothers, this study argues that religion powerfully shapes mothers’ understanding of multiculturalism but only alongside their cosmopolitan experiences. Drawing on in-depth interviews with evangelical mothers originating from Seoul, South Korea, the article examines how mothers perceive multicultural families and children, in comparison with Korean citizens, and investigates the strategies they use in making discursive boundaries to include immigrants. The findings show that transnational mothers have a more inclusive perception of multicultural families and children than domestic mothers, through their use of the interconnected languages of religion and cosmopolitanism. The article claims that an intersectional lens helps us understand mothers’ unique ways of imagining a multicultural Korea, emphasizing their complex positions in families, churches, and global communities. The study contributes to bringing a religious and cosmopolitan focus into the literature on mothers and nation, negating the monolithic media portrayal of religious women as a homogeneous group preserving a total identity in conservative views.
Bioabsorbable Versus Titanium Screws in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Hamstring Autograft: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial With 13-Year Follow-up
Authors: Sundaraj Keran , Salmon Lucy J. , Heath Emma L. , Winalski Carl S. , Colak Ceylan , Vasanji Amit , Roe Justin P. , Pinczewski Leo A.
Published: April 2020

Background:

Bioabsorbable screws for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) have been a popular choice, with theoretical advantages in imaging and surgery. Titanium and poly-L-lactic acid with hydroxyapatite (PLLA-HA) screws have been compared, but with less than a decade of follow-up.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to compare long-term outcomes of hamstring autograft ACLR using either PLLA-HA screws or titanium screws. We hypothesized there would be no difference at 13 years in clinical scores or tunnel widening between PLLA-HA and titanium screw types, along with high-grade resorption and ossification of PLLA-HA screws.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

Forty patients undergoing ACLR were randomized to receive either a PLLA-HA screw or a titanium screw for ACL hamstring autograft fixation. Blinded evaluation was performed at 2, 5, and 13 years using the International Knee Documentation Committee score, Lysholm knee score, and KT-1000 arthrometer. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at 2 or 5 years and 13 years to evaluate tunnel volumes, ossification around the screw, graft integration, and cyst formation. Computed tomography (CT) of patients with PLLA-HA was performed at 13 years to evaluate tunnel volumes and intratunnel ossification.

Results:

No differences were seen in clinical outcomes at 2, 5, or 13 years between the 2 groups. At 13 years, tibial tunnel volumes were smaller for the PLLA-HA group (2.17 cm3) compared with the titanium group (3.33 cm3; P = .004). By 13 years, the PLLA-HA group had complete or nearly complete resorption on MRI or CT scan.

Conclusion:

Equivalent clinical results were found between PLLA-HA and titanium groups at 2, 5, and 13 years. Although PLLA-HA screws had complete or nearly complete resorption by 13 years, tunnel volumes remained largely unchanged, with minimal ossification.
Recorded Participant Ethnography in Family Homes: Children, Social Class, and the Role of the Researcher
Authors: Hargis Holly
Published: April 2020

Although ethnography has been a methodology used for years by anthropologists and sociologists, few researchers have entered the homes of children for extended periods of time in order to observe childhood and childrearing practices. The methodology discussed in this article notably permits the researcher to observe child socialization among family members first-hand. Based on seven-months of ethnographic observations among four families from differing social backgrounds in the Ile-de-France region of France, the article discusses how this recorded participant ethnography was set up. The article shows that the researcher held different roles in the families and that these roles varied according to social milieu. Through first analyzing the conditions of these observations among the families, the article provides empirical evidence of the social differentiation of children's daily lives.
Explorer le monde des enfants. Défis théoriques et méthodologiques de l’analyse des représentations enfantines du monde
Authors: Ott Anne-Cécile
Published: April 2020

Cet article est consacré aux enjeux soulevés par une analyse des représentations du monde qu’ont des enfants âgés de 6 à 11 ans et scolarisés dans quatre écoles élémentaires parisiennes. L’accès aux représentations d’un objet complexe comme le monde, qui plus est auprès d’un jeune public, présente plusieurs difficultés théoriques, méthodologiques et éthiques. Cette contribution défend la mise en place sur le terrain d’un dispositif pluri-méthodologique, inclusif et processuel, qui seul permet de contourner les biais inhérents à certains outils et de saisir les évolutions et différenciations des représentations des enfants. Appréhender ces dernières, aussi bien comme produits que comme processus, nécessite également la prise en compte de différents facteurs et instances de socialisation pouvant influencer leur construction.
Are Children Interviewees Just Like Any Others?
Authors: Simon Alice
Published: April 2020

Based on a study combining qualitative and quantitative methods on children’s relation to politics, this article discusses the specificities of childhood as a research object in the social sciences. It raises two key issues. The first relates to the aptitudes required to participate in research (and thus the reliability of children’s responses) and the second relates to the potential imbalance in the research relationship. The article demonstrates that the difficulties encountered depend on the social characteristics of the children and are not specific to this age group. They primarily result from the distance between the interviewer and the interviewee, in this case stemming from the age difference sometimes accentuated by social distance. Children can be considered social beings like any others, and their specificities can be usefully analysed using the traditional tools of the social sciences.
The formation mechanism of protrusion of long thread by axial self-infeed rolling process
Authors: Zhang Shuowen , Fan Shuqin , Zhang Peng , Zhu Qian , Zhao Shengdun
Published: April 2020

In the forming process of long threads by axial self-infeed rolling process, the protrusion generates on the top of the tooth profile, which affects the strength and precision of the formed threads. In this article, the principle of the axial self-infeed rolling process was described, and the finite element model was established to simulate the forming process of threads. The formation mechanism of protrusion was analyzed through material flow, which was verified by experiments. The pre-rolling angle and material’s influence on the protrusion size was also investigated. The results showed that the axial motion of the rollers squeezed one flank of the tooth, leading to higher protrusion on the face side as compared to the other side. During the rolling process, the height of the protrusion increased first and then decreased, reaching the maximum value when the height of the formed tooth was 73% of the whole tooth. In order to reduce the protrusion height, the pre-rolling angle should be 2°.
Comparison of Adopted and Nonadopted Individuals Reveals Gene–Environment Interplay for Education in the UK Biobank
Authors: Cheesman Rosa , Hunjan Avina , Coleman Jonathan R. I. , Ahmadzadeh Yasmin , Plomin Robert , McAdams Tom A. , Eley Thalia C. , Breen Gerome
Published: April 2020

Polygenic scores now explain approximately 10% of the variation in educational attainment. However, they capture not only genetic propensity but also information about the family environment. This is because of passive gene–environment correlation, whereby the correlation between offspring and parent genotypes results in an association between offspring genotypes and the rearing environment. We measured passive gene–environment correlation using information on 6,311 adoptees in the UK Biobank. Adoptees’ genotypes were less correlated with their rearing environments because they did not share genes with their adoptive parents. We found that polygenic scores were twice as predictive of years of education in nonadopted individuals compared with adoptees ( R2s = .074 vs. .037, p = 8.23 × 10−24). Individuals in the lowest decile of polygenic scores for education attained significantly more education if they were adopted, possibly because of educationally supportive adoptive environments. Overall, these results suggest that genetic influences on education are mediated via the home environment.
Decolonizing the hijab: An interpretive exploration by two Muslim psychotherapists
Authors: Joosub Noorjehan , Ebrahim Sumayya
Published: April 2020

This article explores the professional, personal, and feminist interpretations and experiences of wearing of the hijab as a symbol of religious expression by two Muslim psychotherapists practicing in Johannesburg. By privileging these interpretations, the authors aim to demonstrate the need for questioning and resisting hegemonic representations of the hijab that have been appropriated by various international political and religious institutions for their own agendas, often to manipulate women’s sense of agency. With Western societies banning the hijab and Islamist societies making it compulsory, the agency of the wearer of the hijab is undermined. The inclusion of the voices of Muslim women, whether they wear the hijab or not, is necessary to redress the constraints on the agency of Muslim women that has emanated both from those in the West, and from within the Muslim community itself.