bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DRAMA & PSYCHODRAMA THERAPY
Authors: Kimberlyn Joy
Published: December 2020

Setiap fase kehidupan manusia selalu mengandung drama. Hidup yang merangkai pengalaman dan hidup yang dapat menginspirasi orang lain. Ada dua macam drama yaitu; drama eksternal (lingkungan) dan drama internal (diri sendiri). Dalam drama ada bagian (alur) maju dan mundur karena itulah manusia, memiliki hidup yang maju mundur. Alur itu diatur oleh kita sendiri (drama secara internal).Drama terbentuk dalam komunikasi (interaksi individu dengan aturan masyarakat). contohnya kita sebagai mahasiswa di kampus. Dalam proses terapi, drama bersifat takterelakkan dan penting. Walaupun, kita tidak melakukan apapun, kita bertemu dengan orang- orang sekitar itu sudah drama. Dalam setiap fase kehidupan kita memiliki pengalaman yang dramatis. Pengalaman dramatis akan membentuk pribadi seseorang. Orang yang tidak sehat tidak memiliki solusi yang beragam (tidak punya alternatif penyelesaian) dalam menghadapi masalah. Punya pikiran dan perasaan yang tidak berkembang. Orang yang sehat lebih fleksibel dan pikiran alternatif ketika ada masalah. Jalan keluar yang dapat dilakukan seseorang ketika dalam masalah yaitu, diceritakan pada orang lain. Drama atau psikodrama dapat membantu seeorang untuk mengentaskan masalah sosial salah satunya dalam relasi dengan orang lain. Karena individu dapat melakukan preview (apa yang kita inginkan), review dilakukan ketika sudah melakukannya, dan revise (life style) yaitu cara- cara yang dapat dilakukan oleh individu untuk mencapai harapan- harapannya. Fungsi drama: menyembuhkan. Drama sangat bergantung dengan budaya manapun. Menyadarkan para klien bahwa dirinya mampu berempati dengan orang lain. Konselor membuat naskah drama sesuai dengan permasalah yang dimiliki oleh klien.Ketika dalam melakoni peran tertentu konselor dan klien mampu merasakan ada pesan yang tersampaikan kepada para penonton (memperoleh insight). Ada tiga faktor penentu: 1.Karakter yang dipilih harus sesuai dengan konteks permasalahan klien, 2. Audience (penonton) memberikan energi lebih para performance (penampil), dan 3.Informasi yang disampaikan (preventif - cerita preventif). Terapi Drama sangat berkaitan dengan proses peran analisis transaksional : ego state mana yang paling dominan (orang tua atau anak- anak atau dewasa). Sedangkan psikodrama merupakan perilaku yang merupakan hasil representasi diri individu berbentuk drama. Teknik psikodrama dapat membantu mengatasi permasalahan pribadi yang berkaitan dengan masalah psikologis karena bertujuan untuk terapi dan penyembuhan. Menurut Semium (dalam Sholikhah, 2013:8) psikodrama merupakan dramatisasi dari konflik-konflik yang ada di dalam batin agar individu dapat merasa nyaman dan dapat merubah perannya sesuai dengan yang diharapkan dalam kehidupan nyata. opulasi : anak (mainan atau puppets), remaja (drama), dewasa (role play dan improve), dan orang tua (drama terapi , menurunkan penyakit demensia).
Two pre-registered priming studies to unpackage value and behavior correlations
Authors: Fischer Ronald , Karl Johannes Alfons
Published: December 2020

We tested whether various established priming methods affected personal values and behavioral choices in two experiments. We also aimed to test whether an activation of values through priming might shed some light on value-behavior linkages. Using a large online sample (pre-registration: https://osf.io/nz8ak/?view_only=b9110537370444d98d2b22dcf5f0774e) and a general population sample (pre-registration: https://osf.io/4juxx/?view_only=a4f0b53183824c56a90310497195d2d7), we did not find strong and consistent priming effects on either values or behavior/behavioral intentions. Nevertheless, in line with previous research, we found that values correlated with behavioral choices. Therefore, our study casts further doubt on the effectiveness of priming for activating social psychological constructs (e.g., values). Our correlational results show that values and behavior are correlated, but in the absence of experimental evidence, the causal direction of any value-behavior correlations need to be interpreted cautiously because causality (values predicting behavior) cannot be assumed.
US Children ‘Learning Online’ During COVID-19 Without the Internet or a Computer: Visualizing the Gradient by Race/Ethnicity and Parental Educational Attainment
Authors: Friedman Joseph , York Hunter , Mokdad Ali , Gakidou Emmanuela
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented disruptions to education in the United States, with a large proportion of schooling moving to online formats, which has the potential to exacerbate existing racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in learning. We visualize access to online learning technologies using data from the Household Pulse Survey from the early Fall 2020 school year (August 19-October 26). We find that 10.1% of children participating in online-learning nationally did not have adequate access to the internet and a computer. Rates of inadequate access varied nearly twentyfold across the gradient of parental race/ethnicity and education, from 1.9% for children of Asian parents with a graduate degree, to 35.5% among children of Black parents with less than a high school education. These findings indicate alarming gaps in potential learning among US children. Renewed investments in equitable access to distance-learning resources will be necessary to prevent widening racial/ethnic and class learning disparities.
Zasada kadencyjności jako funkcja samodzielności jednostek samorządu terytorialnego
Authors: Łukowiak Dominik
Published: December 2020

The study concerns local government law and the term of office of bodies of local government units. The author analyses existing regulations regarding the term of office in view of its importance for local structures in de-centralised public authorities.
Application of FMEA tool to analyze notifications of technical complaints of solid dosage forms in the context of Quality by Design
Authors: Bicouv Caroline , Pereira Luiza Novaes Alves , Giorgetti Leandro
Published: December 2020

O controle de qualidade em indústrias farmacêuticas tem sido aprimorado de maneira gradual com a implementação de novas estratégias e tecnologias, de modo a possibilitar a obtenção de produtos cada vez mais eficazes e seguros. Com surgimento do conceito de Quality by Design (QbD), a produção de medicamentos passou a ser otimizada por meio da delimitação dos parâmetros de qualidade dos produtos desde os estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento e planejamento da formulação a partir das características do insumo farmacêutico ativo, visando a prevenção de defeitos e melhoria contínua da cadeia produtiva. Sendo assim, o presente estudo constitui uma análise quantitativa de notificações de irregularidades em medicamentos sólidos publicadas no site oficial da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) durante o período de 2017 a 2019, a partir do uso da metodologia de Análise de Modos de Falhas e Efeitos (FMEA) no contexto de QbD. Ao todo, foram analisadas 421 notificações de produtos farmacêuticos irregulares, das quais 28,5% correspondiam a queixas técnicas, sendo 60,0% delas referentes a medicamentos sólidos. Após a avaliação dos dados, verificou-se que aproximadamente 80,0% das não-conformidades encontradas estavam relacionadas a aspecto, dissolução, embalagem, doseamento e pureza, sendo o QbD uma estratégia eficiente para o gerenciamento dos riscos relacionados à produção, visando a redução de custos e implementação de estratégias que possibilitem a diminuição gradativa do número de queixas técnicas destes produtos.
USE AND PRODUCTION OF NATURAL GAS IN AZERBAIJAN
Authors: Gasumov E.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the history of development of oil and gas industry in Azerbaijan. Information about the surface show of combustible (natural) gas from ancient times, seeping through fractures from the deep bowels of the earth and about gas torches - "eternal fire" are presented. The stages of gas industry development in Azerbaijan are given.
Kinesthetic Imagination in Architecture: Design and Representation of Space
Authors: Andjelkovic Katarina
Published: December 2020

Histories of architecture have long-recognized the vital role of concepts, strategies and principles exchanged between architecture and film, which reconfigured their systems of knowledge and made this relationship rich. Nonetheless, film has been used mainly as an instrument of narration and representation in architecture, only rarely engaged in questioning how it affects the way we understand, think and design space. Some of the most recent architectural design practices have recognized that film, using its specific screen environment, can provide a source of new architectural imagination while contextualizing our kinesthetic experience of space. In this article, I will examine how kinesthetic imagination has informed architectural practice in relation to the established practices of architectural representation.
„Dvije osobe ulaze za umjetničko oslikavanje”. Etnografija zatvora kao mjesta umjetnosti
Authors: Gulin Zrnić Valentina , Potkonjak Sanja , Škrbić Alempijević Nevena
Published: December 2020

U središtu su članka četiri umjetničke intervencije koje su početkom 2019. godine izvedene u Zatvoru u Zagrebu u cilju estetizacije zatvorskog prostora. Rad se temelji na kvalitativnom etnografskom istraživanju koje je provedeno tijekom oslikavanja u navedenom zatvoru, u cilju razumijevanja: a) umjetničkog koncepta i nastajanja umjetničkog djela u zatvorskim prostorima, b) dinamike i značenja koju umjetničko djelo u zatvoru izaziva te c) promjene doživljaja kako pojedinačnih zatvorskih prostora tako i šire društvene percepcije o zatvorskom sustavu. Pristupi istraživanju i interpretaciji proizlaze iz antropologije prostora i mjesta te antropologije umjetnosti. Istraživanjem se analiziraju društveni, interakcijski, edukativni, estetizirajući, terapijski i afektivni učinci konkretnih umjetničkih intervencija u zatvoru. Poseban je interes fokusiran prema odnosima koji postoje ili se mijenjaju tijekom intervencija između svih uključenih aktera (umjetnici, razni profili djelatnika u zatvoru, zatvorenici). Ključan doprinos kulturnoantropoloških istraživanja proizlazi iz sposobnosti etnografije da bilježi i promišlja umjetnost ostvarenu kao relacijsku i komunikacijsku aktivnost, a u smislu primjene etnografskog istraživanja, riječ je o novitetu u istraživanju hrvatskih zatvorskih sustava.
The Misrepresentation of Hong Kongness
Authors: Cheng Vennes
Published: December 2020

Established in 1962, the Hong Kong Museum of Art was the first public museum in the city. It closed in August 2015 for a four-year renovation and spatial expansion of the facility, and reopened its doors in November 2019. The renovation happened precisely in the interstices of two important historical ruptures in recent Hong Kong history: the Umbrella Movement of 2014 and the ongoing Anti-China Extradition Movement that started in 2019. These movements are redefining the identity of the city and its people in contrast to the conventional Hong Kong cliché of transformation from fishing village to modern financial hub. Without addressing recent changes in cultural identity, the revamped museum rhetorically deploys obsolete curatorial narratives through exhibitions of Hong Kong art. This report critiques the representation of Hong Kongness in the revamped museum and argues that the latter is a soulless entity that overlooks the fact that both politics and art are now reconstructing local identities.
Techno-Entrepreneurship as Identity Construction for the Indonesian Generation Z
Authors: Hidayat Z. , Hidayat Debra
Published: December 2020

This article addresses ways in which members of Generation Z construct identity as techno-entrepreneurs by using livestreaming applications. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative assessments of surveys, interviews, documents, and observations, the authors show how visual and verbal conduct based on expressions, interaction, communication, and transactions was used for informal educational purposes by techno-entrepreneurs in their daily lives. On the micro level, members of Gen Z construct self-images as entertainers and businesspeople who need self-recognition and build relationships with viewers. On the meso level, identity emerges via community cohesiveness and a community of talent, and by streaming pop culture. On the macro level, Gen Z follows social and cultural issues and engages in global citizenship while responding to streaming business opportunities. Livestreaming fosters Gen Z’s identity construction and shapes the role of influencers in the development of techno-entrepreneurship.
Textbook Representations of the Economy of East and West Germany at the Time of the Golden Age
Authors: Krüger Kai
Published: December 2020

This article examines the presentation of West Germany’s “economic miracle” and East Germany’s planned economy in school textbooks published between 2014 and 2016. The textbooks tell a success story of the “social market economy” that hardly takes into account the academic research of the last forty years. The results furthermore show that contemporary sources were altered in the process of textbook production in order that they adhere to the German success story. These findings, however, do not only point to conscious ideology production and a lack of knowledge, but also suggest that competition among publishers is an explanatory factor. Multiperspectival and controversial presentations of the economy occur only sporadically. It is therefore questionable to what extent the textbooks benefit historical learning.
Creative Community Activism in Global Contexts
Authors: Clisby Suzanne
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT In this introduction to this special issue about creative community activism in global contexts, we draw together key conceptual and methodological principles of this collection. We begin from the standpoint that equality is a cultural artefact, a socio-cultural and political product specifically located in time and space and as such subject to creation and re-creation. Creative activism offers us a medium to both engage with and take action on issues of culture and gender in/equality. Through the creative activisms explored here, communities, researchers, and artists combine social action with creativity and arts to challenge inequalities, promote positive futures, and enable socio-cultural wellbeing in innovative ways that can be simultaneously engaging and participatory, and decolonising and democratising. They underscore how through creative activism hierarchies of power and knowledge production and lived experiences of in/equalities can be explored, understood, and contested.
The Impact of Dementia on the Clinical Outcome of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Nanyang , Sun Jiahui , Wang Xiyuan , Zhao Ming , Huang Qianqian , Li Hao
Published: December 2020

Background: The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought large challenges to dementia patients. We reviewed the existing literature on COVID-19 to assess the incidence and mortality of dementia comorbidities in COVID-19 patients. Objective: To investigate the impact of pre-existing dementia comorbidities on COVID-19. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for patients with preexisting dementia who were diagnosed with COVID-19. The statistical data on the prevalence and mortality of dementia comorbidities were examined. A fixed-or random-effect model was used to calculate the overall pooled risk estimates. Forest plots were generated to show the summarized results. Results: A total of 265 articles were retrieved from the three databases. After removing duplicates and performing two screenings, 10 articles were selected for meta-analysis, including 119,218 participants. Overall, the meta-analysis of the 10 studies showed that the incidence of dementia in COVID-19 patients was (R: 9%, [95% CI: 6% to 13%]). Moreover, the meta-analysis of 9 studies showed that the mortality rate of individuals with dementia after being infected with COVID-19 was higher than that of individuals with no dementia (OR: 5.17 [95% CI: 2.31 to 11.59]). Substantial heterogeneity was observed in this meta-analysis. Significant publication bias was also found. Conclusion: Emerging literature shows that dementia comorbidities are a high risk factor for the prevalence and mortality of COVID-19. Our results should have an impact on preventive interventions and encourage more targeted approaches to prioritize older people with specific risk factors, such as dementia.
KASUS BAIQ NURIL MAKNUN DALAM PERSPEKTIF PERLINDUNGAN HAK PEREMPUAN (ANALISIS PUTUSAN MA NO. 574K/Pid.Sus/2018)
Authors: Insani Nursolihi , Tuanaya Halimah Humayrah , Alzaglady Hasan , Tohadi Tohadi
Published: December 2020

Kasus Baiq Nuril Maknun yang dijatuhi hukuman berdasarkan Putusan MA Nomor 574 K/Pid.Sus/2018tanggal 26 September 2018 mendapat sorotan publik. Putusan tersebut dianggap bertentangan dengan rasa keadilan dalam masyarakat khususnya dari sisi perlindugan hak perempuan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menjawab bagaimana pertimbangan dan amar Putusan MA Nomor 574 K/Pid.Sus/2018tanggal 26 September 2018 dan bagaimana dilihat dari perspektif perlindungan hak perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian socio-legal dengan sumber data sekunder sebagai sumber utama diperkuat dengan sumber data primer. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan, pertama, pertimbangan hukum Mahkamah selain mengandung kontradiksi antara pertimbangan satu dengan lainnya, juga hanya melihat secara formal tindakan yang dilakukan oleh Terdakwa (Baiq Nuril Maknun). Kedua, dalam perspektif keadilan hukum khususnya perlindungan hak perempuan, Putusan MA tersebut juga mengabaikan sisi harkat martabat perempuan yang seharusnya menurut  Perma  No. 3 Tahun 2017 diperhatikan oleh Majelis Hakim (Mahkamah).
LEMBAGA MUSYAWARAH GANTI KERUGIAN DALAM REZIM HUKUM PERTANAHAN NASIONAL PENGADAAN TANAH PEMBANGUNAN JALAN TOL CINERE-JAGORAWI KOTA DEPOK
Authors: Riyady Slamet , Jani Purnomo Chessa Ario
Published: December 2020

Tentang Penggiatan (Pengadaan) Tanah Untuk Pembangunan Demi Kepentingan Universal terpaut Lembaga musyawarah ganti kerugian adalah sumber hukum formal yang bersifat abstrak-umum. Oleh sebab itu, secara logis tidak diatur mengenai tata cara dan akibat hukum bagi para pihak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode socio – legal research, memandang hukum sebagai gejala sosial dimasyarakat berdasarkan kajian hukum  dan studi lapangan, hasil penelitian Tegasnya, perihal praktik musyawarah pengadaan tanah pembangunan jalan tol cijago kota depok masyarakat menganggap belum adanya musyawarah untuk mufakat melainkan  pernyataan sikap panitia pengadaan tanah atas  hasil penilaian menjadikan dasar penetapan ganti kerugian, berangkat hal tersebut terdapat kekeliruan pemahaman terhadap prinsif pelakaksanaan  musyawarah dalam rezim hukum pertanahan nasional.
AKIBAT HUKUM PERJANJIAN MELALUI ELEKTRONIK DITINJAU DARI PASAL 1866 KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PERDATA
Authors: Nur Sa’adah Nur Sa’adah , Indriawati Sri Endah
Published: December 2020

Belum adanya undang-undang yang mengatur khusus data pribadi pengguna perjanjian melalui elektroni, menimbulkan sering terjadi permasalahan hukum baik menyangkut masalah keaslian, keotentikan sampai pembuktian. Penulisan ini memfokuskan pada permasalahan hukum yaitu  bagaimana permasalahan terhadap keaslian, keotentikan dan integritas dari perjanjian secara elektronik dan bagaimana keabsahan dari suatu perjanjian yang dilakukan secara elektronik. Metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan adalah normatif kualitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder dan diperkuat dengan data primer atau data lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Terhadap keaslian, keotentikan dan integritas dari perjanjian secara elektronik, dapat dilakukan dengan alat digital forensi. penggunaan informasi melalui media elektronik yang menyangkut data pribadi seseorang harus dilakukan atas persetujuan orang yang bersangkutan. Perjanjian yang dibuat melalui elektronik/digital mempunyai kekuatan pembuktian yang sama dengan perjanjian yang dilakukan melalui manual. Hakim bisa menggunakan sistem pembuktian dengan perkembangan kearah alat bukti terbuka. Alat bukti yang diperoleh dari mana saja asal bisa diterima kebenaran sepanjang tidak bertentangan dengan ketertiban umum, mengingat dalam bertransaksi di era digital saat ini kita akan sering menggunakan media online.
Non-standard methods for converting numbers from one number system to another
Authors: Zlatopolski D. M.
Published: December 2020

The article describes a number of little-known methods for translating natural numbers from one number system to another. The first is a method for converting large numbers from the decimal system to the binary system, based on multiple divisions of a given number and all intermediate quotients by 64 (or another number equal to 2n ), followed by writing the last quotient and the resulting remainders in binary form. Then two methods of mutual translation of decimal and binary numbers are described, based on the so-called «Horner scheme». An optimal variant of converting numbers into the binary number system by the method of division by 2 is also given. In conclusion, a fragment of a manuscript from the beginning of the late 16th — early 17th centuries is published with translation into the binary system by the method of highlighting the maximum degree of number 2. Assignments for independent work of students are offered.
İkinci Trimester Tarama Ultrasonografisinde Anöploidi ve Sonografik Belirteçler
Authors: DİNÇ Gülseren , ARAN Turhan
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı rutin ikinci trimester ultrasonografisinde saptanan belirteç ve anomalilerin başta trizomi 21 olmak üzere karyotip anomalilerinin tanısındaki etkinliklerini araştırmaktır. Rutin tarama amacıyla on yıllık süre içinde hastanemize refere edilen ve ikinci trimesterde ayrıntılı ultrasonografik inceleme yapılan gebelerin ultrasonografi raporları retrospektif olarak incelendi. İnvazif test sonuçları, majör konjenital anomaliler ve sonografik belirteçler not edildi. Karyotip anomalisi saptanan olgular çalışma grubunu diğer olgular kontrol grubunu oluşturdu. Toplam 4512 sonografik inceleme analiz edildi. Çalışma grubunu invazif işlem yapılarak karyotip anomalisi tanısı almış 76 olgu (%1,7) oluşturdu. Diğer 4436 (%98,3) olgu ise kontrol grubunu oluşturdu. Karyotip anomalisi olan fetüslerde belirteçlerinin görülme sıklığı %1,3-%32,9 oranındaydı. Artmış ense pili kalınlığı karyotip anomalisi saptanan olguların %32,9’unda, karyotip anomalisi saptanmayan olguların %1,8’inde saptandı (RR:18). Ense pilisi kalınlığında artma trizomi 13’de %66,7, trisomi 21’de %43,7 ve trisomi 18’de %25 oranlarında saptandı. En yüksek pozitif olabilirlik oranı (104.9) ve odds oranı (27.6) artmış ense pilisi kalınlığı ile birlikteydi. Karyotip anomalisi açısından ikinci en duyarlı belirteç femur kısalığı olarak bulundu. En sık izlenen majör anomaliler ventrikülomegali, duodenal atrezi, kistik higroma, hidrops fetalis, omfolosel ve çeşitli kardiyak patolojiler idi. Sonuç olarak rutin ikinci tirmester ultrasonografisi ile tanımlanan sonografik belirteçlerle anöploidi taraması son derece sınırlı etkinliğe sahiptir.
Revisión del género Cantabrogeus Salgado, 2000, con la descripción de tres nuevas especies hipogeas endémicas de la Cordillera Cantábrica (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Leptodirini)
Authors:   Univ. de Vigo, Spain, Salgaddo J. M. , Luque C. G. ,   Grupo de Espeleología e Investigaciones Subterráneas 'Carballo–Raba', Santander, Spain, Labrada L. ,   Grupo de Espeleología e Investigaciones Subterráneas 'Carballo–Raba', Santander, Spain, Fresneda J. ,   Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Spain, Ribera I. ,   Inst. de Biología Evolutiva (CSIC–UPF), Barcelona, Spain
Published: December 2020

A revision of the genus Cantabrogeus Salgado, 2000, with description of three new hypogean species endemic to the Cantabrian mountains (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Leptodirini) The two previously known species of the genus Cantabrogeus (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Leptodirini) are redescribed, and three new species are described: Cantabrogeus antimachus n. sp., C. cultellus n. sp. and C. fresnedai n. sp. One of these (C. antimachus n. sp.) is tripliod (3n = 33) and the first known parthenogenetic species of Leiodidae. The relationships between the different taxa are discussed based on external morphological characters and the structure of male and female genitalia, as well as the distribution of the species in the different areas in the Cantabrian mountains (NW Iberia). Analyses of molecular data (fragments of seven mitochondrial and nuclear genes) confirms the monophyly of Cantabrogeus and its sister–group relationship with Fresnedaella, as well as its inclusion within the paraphyletic series Quaestus. The parthenogenetic species (C. antimachus n. sp.) has a derived position within Cantabrogeus, which, according to previous estimates of the molecular rate, probably diversified during the Pliocene–Pleistocene in the Cantabrian karst areas, of a high tectonic complexity.
The effect of habitat degradation, season and gender on morphological parameters of lesser jerboas (Jaculus jaculus L.) in Kuwait
Authors:   School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Bristol, UK, Al–Mutairi M. , Mata F. ,   Hartpury College, Univ. of the West of England, UK, Bhuller R. ,   School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Bristol, UK
Published: December 2020

Arid environments suffer anthropogenic interference causing habitat degradation. This degradation can influence animal populations. We randomly captured a total of 198 lesser jerboas Jaculus jaculus in three seasons (autumn, spring and summer) in two relatively close areas (intact and degraded). All animals were sexed, and weight, body and tail length, and thigh thickness were taken. We found significant differences in weight (p < 0.001), which was lower in summer (p < 0.05) when fewer food resources were available. Thigh thickness was greater in the intact habitat (p < 0.01), explained by the greater amount of food resources and also by the higher numbers of predators in this area, prompting escape behaviour. Females in the intact area were heavier and had longer bodies and tails. This was related to greater availability of time for mothers to search for food in this area.
Visual counts, bioacoustics and RADAR: three methods to study waterfowl prenuptial migration in Southern France
Authors:   Inst.  Méditerranéen  du  Patrimoine Cynégétique et Faunistique (IMPCF), Vergeze, France, Beroud T. , Druais J. ,   Inst.  Méditerranéen  du  Patrimoine Cynégétique et Faunistique (IMPCF), Vergeze, France, Bay Y. ,   Inst.  Méditerranéen  du  Patrimoine Cynégétique et Faunistique (IMPCF), Vergeze, France, Ricci J. C. ,   Inst.  Méditerranéen  du  Patrimoine Cynégétique et Faunistique (IMPCF), Vergeze, France
Published: December 2020

This study comes from four years (2006–2009) of monitoring on two sites during the prenuptial migration. On each site, a monitoring of 24 hours per each 10–day period from the second 10–day period of January (J2), though February (F1–F3) and March (M1–M3), up to the first 10–day period of April (A1). Monitoring was carried out by RADAR (FURUNO FAR2127), associated with nocturnal bioacoustics recordings, and visual censuses on the same areas. The monitoring effort was considerable: visual counts carried out represent 282 counts–sites (n = 262,030 ducks counted), bioacoustics detected 9,573 calls during 814 hours of nocturnal recording and RADAR recorded 67,368 echoes on a set of 2,128 hours of monitoring. Visual counts showed a decline in the number of birds from late January/early February. Two patterns were observed with the nocturnal recordings with a maximum or a minimum of the value of bioacoustics index on F2 and F3, depending on the years. RADAR, the most relevant method for tracking of bird movements at a population level, identified two different abundance peaks using variables ‘flight altitude > 400 m’ and ‘flight direction towards north–east/south–east’, considered as characteritics of the prenuptial migration. The first peak was detected during F1 on Site 1 only in 2007 (once every four years) and during F2 on Site 2 only in 2006 (once every four years). A second peak with a higher number of echoes was recorded on M1 (Site 1) and on M2 (Site 2). Although all methods may suffer from different biases, the combination of two new technologies complementary to visual counts provided reliable and updated data for waterfowl migration in the Mediterranean area.
Non-invasive genetic approaches for estimation of ungulate population size: a study on roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) based on faeces
Authors:   Seq–IT GmbH und Co KG, Germany, Ebert C. , Sandrini j. ,   Research Inst. for Forest Ecology and Forestry Rhineland–Palatinate, Germany, Spielberger B. ,   Seq–IT GmbH und Co KG, Germany, Hohmann U. ,   Research Inst. for Forest Ecology and Forestry Rhineland–Palatinate, Germany, Thiele B. ,   Seq–IT GmbH und Co KG, Germany
Published: December 2020

Estimating population size is particularly difficult for animal species living in concealing habitats with dense vegetation. This is the case for roe deer as for many other ungulates. Our objective was to develop a non–invasive genetic capture–mark–recapture approach based on roe deer faeces collected along transects. In a pilot study, we collected 1,790 roe deer faeces during five sampling days in a forested study area in south western Germany. We extracted DNA from 410 of these samples and carried out microsatellite analysis using seven dinucleotide markers. The analyses resulted in 328 useable consensus genotypes which were assigned to 174 individuals. The population size estimated using a Bayesian approach was 94 (82–111) male and 136 (121–156) female roe deer. Our study shows that non–invasive genetic methods are a valuable management tool for roe deer.
Post–breeding movements and migration patterns of western populations of common quail (Coturnix coturnix): from knowledge to hunting management
Authors:   Univ. of Barcelona, Spain, Rodríguez–Teijeiro J. D. , Sardà–Palomera F. ,   Centre Tecnològic Forestal de Catalunya, Solsona, Spain, Puigcerver M. ,   Univ. of Barcelona, Spain
Published: December 2020

We investigated the patterns of post–breeding movements of the common quail (Coturnix coturnix) in the Iberian peninsula with the aim of describing its migratory phenology and some physiological features of individuals. This information is needed to adjust hunting seasons in an optimal way. We worked with two data–sets: a) captures made in a non–breeding site (Garraf) from August to October in 2009 and 2010; b) post–breeding recoveries of individuals ringed in Europe and recaptured in Spain between 1933 and 2005. The results showed that post–breeding movements in Garraf occur in two waves: a first wave that occurs around 10 VIII and is mainly composed of non–sexually active yearlings that do not correspond physiologically to migrants, and a second much more intense wave, which occurs around 17 IX and is mainly composed of non–sexually active migrant yearlings. The hunting season in Spain takes place mainly during the first wave, preserving the passage of migrant individuals from Spain and other European countries. Information on the post–breeding movements in other Spanish regions and other European countries where the common quail is a popular game species would improve timing between the hunting season and migration by providing more precise recommendations for hunting management.
The grey partridge in the UK: population status, research, policy and prospects
Authors:   Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust, Fordingbridge, UK, Aebischer N. J. , Ewald J. A. ,   Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust, Fordingbridge, UK
Published: December 2020

Numbers of grey partridges (Perdix perdix) have declined catastrophically over the last 50 years in the UK. By contrast, the Partridge Count Scheme of the Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust (GWCT) shows an 81 % increase on participating UK sites since 2000. We explore the background and reasons for this conflicting picture. GWCT research has led to scientifically proven recommendations for improving the UK partridge environment, ranging from habitat requirements to predator density. The research has influenced UK government policy, which now includes one of the most conservation–oriented and flexible agri–environment schemes in Europe, allowing land managers to recover much of the cost of grey partridge habitat creation. Culling common predators is not covered by agri–environment schemes, so it is primarily shooting estates with private gamekeepers that have implemented the full package of management measures. The future fate of the grey partridge in the UK rests on the balance between the economics of agricultural production, agri–environment measures and shooting.
Rock partridge (Alectoris graeca graeca) population density and trends in central Greece
Authors:   Hellenic Hunters’ Confederation, Greece, Bontzorlos V. A: , Vlachos C. G. ,   Aristotle  Univ. of Thessaloniki, Greece, Bakaloudis D. E. ,   Technological Education Inst. of Kaval, Greece, Chatzinikos E. N. ,   Hunting Federation of Sterea Hellas, Greece, Dedousopoulou E. A. ,   Hunting Federation of Sterea Hellas, Greece, Kiousis D. K. ,   Hunting Federation of Sterea Hellas, Greece, Thomaides C. ,   Technological Education Inst. of Lamia, Greece
Published: December 2020

The rock partridge is an emblematic species of the Greek avifauna and one of the most important game species in the country. The present study, which combined long term in–situ counts with distance sampling methodology in central Greece, indicated that the species’ population in Greece is the highest within its European distribution, in contrast to all prior considerations. Inter–annual trends suggested a stable rock partridge population both within hunting areas and wildlife refuges, whereas during summer, the species presented significantly higher densities in altitudes of more than 1,000 m, most probably due to the effect of predation at lower zones. The similarity of population structure between wildlife refuges and hunting zones along with the stable population trends demonstrate that rock partridge harvest in the country is sustainable.
The invertebrate diet of northern bobwhite chicks in Georgia, United States
Authors:   all  Timbers  Research  Station  and  Land  Conservancy, USA, Butler D. A. , Palmer W. E. ,   all  Timbers  Research  Station  and  Land  Conservancy, Cook M. P. ,   Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The Univ. of Georgia, USA
Published: December 2020

The establishment of brood–rearing habitats along field margins has become a popular agri–environmental prescription to help reverse population declines of northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) in Georgia, United States. Here, the invertebrate–diet of chicks foraging on farmland with established brood–rearing habitats is examined and compared to those of chicks on an intensively managed wild bobwhite shooting estate. In 2001 and 2002, faecal samples were collected and analysed from nocturnal roost sites of bobwhite broods. Differences in invertebrate composition between the study sites were investigated using compositional analysis. While the diet of chicks on both sites contained similar invertebrate groups, the composition of the diets varied significantly. Although chicks on farmland had eaten 1.7 times fewer Coleoptera, they had 1.7 times more Hemiptera in their diet. These data suggest that although the invertebrate composition in the diet of chicks differed between the two landscapes, both contained high proportions of important prey items.
The impact of an invasive exotic bush on the stopover ecology of migrant passerines
Authors:   Aranzadi Sciences Society, Bizkaia, Spain, Arizaga J. , Unamuno E. ,   Aranzadi Sciences Society, Bizkaia, Spain, Clarabuch O. ,   Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Spain, Azkona A. ,   Aranzadi Sciences Society, Bizkaia, Spain
Published: December 2020

Migration is highly energy-demanding and birds often need to accumulate large fuel loads during this period. However, original habitat at stopover sites could be affected by invasive exotic plants outcompeting native vegetation. The impact of exotic plants on the stopover behavior of migrant bird species is poorly understood. As a general hypothesis, it can be supposed that habitat change due to the presence of exotic plants will affect migrants, having a negative impact on bird abundance, on avian community assemblage, and/or on fuel deposition rate. To test these predictions, we used data obtained in August 2011 at a ringing station in a coastal wetland in northern Iberia which contained both unaltered reedbeds (Phragmites spp.) and areas where the reedbeds had been largely replaced by the invasive saltbush (Baccharis halimifolia). Passerines associated with reedbeds during the migration period were used as model species, with a particular focus on sedge warblers (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus). The saltbush promoted a noticeable change on bird assemblage, which became enriched by species typical of woodland habitats. Sedge warblers departed with a higher fuel load, showed a higher fuel deposition rate, and stayed for longer in the control zone than in the invaded zone. Invasive plants, such as saltbush, can impose radical changes on habitat, having a direct effect on the stopover strategies of migrants. The substitution of reedbeds by saltbushes in several coastal marshes in Atlantic Europe should be regarded as a problem with potential negative cons equences for the conservation of migrant bird species associated with this habitat.
The competitor release effect applied to carnivore species: how red foxes can increase in numbers when persecuted
Authors:   Univ. Autónoma de Madrid, Spain, Lozano J. , Casanovas J. G. ,   Univ. Complutense de Madrid, Spain, Virgós E. ,   Univ. Rey Juan Carlos, Spain, Zorrilla J. M. ,   Univ. Complutense de Madrid, Spain
Published: December 2020

The objective of our study was to numerically simulate the population dynamics of a hypothetical community of three species of small to medium–sized carnivores subjected to non–selective control within the context of the competitor release effect (CRE). We applied the CRE to three carnivore species, linking interspecific competition with predator control efforts. We predicted the population response of European badger, the red fox and the pine marten to this wildlife management tool by means of numerical simulations. The theoretical responses differed depending on the intrinsic rate of growth (r), although modulated by the competition coefficients. The red fox, showing the highest r value, can increase its populations despite predator control efforts if control intensity is moderate. Populations of the other two species, however, decreased with control efforts, even reaching extinction. Three additional theoretical predictions were obtained. The conclusions from the simulations were: 1) predator control can play a role in altering the carnivore communities; 2) red fox numbers can increase due to control; and 3) predator control programs should evaluate the potential of unintended effects on ecosystems.
How do we share food? Feeding of four amphibian species from an aquatic habitat in south–western Romania
Authors:   Univ. of Oradea, Romania, Bogdan H. V. , Covaciu–Marcov S.-D. ,   Univ. of Oradea, Romania, Gaceu O. ,   Univ. of Oradea, Romania, Cicort–Lucaciu A.-S. ,   Univ. of Oradea, Romania, Ferenţi S. ,   Univ. of Oradea, Romania, Sas–Kovács I. ,   Univ. of Oradea, Romania
Published: December 2020

The feeding of four amphibian species (Triturus cristatus, Lissotriton vulgaris, Bombina variegata, Pelophylax ridibundus) was studied in 2011, in south–western Romania. The diet of the newts was uniform and mostly composed of aquatic preys The diet of the anurans was more diversified, comprising more prey taxa, mostly terrestrial. The trophic niches of the two newt species overlapped highly but differed from those of the anurans. The trophic niches of the anurans differed from one another. The differences among the four species’ diets were determined by the use of different trophic resources, originating from different environments, and by their different sizes. The newts’ diet was less diversified because the aquatic habitat was small and poor in trophic availability. The anurans used the aquatic habitat as a base from where they captured terrestrial preys in the surrounding terrestrial environment.
До питання про видову самостійність Tamarix оdessana Steven ex Bunge
Authors: ЦАРЕНКО ОЛЬГА МИКОЛАЇВНА , ФЕДОРОНЧУК МИКОЛА МИХАЙЛОВИЧ , ВАКУЛЕНКО ТЕТЯНА БОРИСІВНА , ШИХАЛЄЄВА ГАЛИНА МИКОЛАЇВНА
Published: December 2020

В публікації наведені результати порівняльного дослідження морфологічних ознак вегетативних й генеративних органів рослин Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. та T. odessana Steven ex Bunge. Tаксономічний статус T. odessana, описаного Х. Стевеном з околиць Одеси (Україна), неоднозначно трактується у різних флористичних зведеннях: його розглядають як окремий вид чи форму, надають статус різновиду у складі T. ramosissima, або взагалі не визнають. Опрацювання чисельних гербарних зразків (KW) було проведено з метою з’ясування питання щодо можливості існування T. odessana як самостійного виду. Особливо цінними були матеріали з гербарної колекції М.С. Турчанінова (KW), де представлений також один зразок, зібраний в «Бессарабії», спочатку визначений В. Бессером як “T. tetrandra M.B.”, а потім перевизначений як T. оdessana. Також ретельно була вивчена фотокопія типового зразка T. odessana (Museum Botanicum Univ. (H) Helsіnki). Для порівняння були досліджені гербарні зразки T. ramosissima, зокрема зразок “№ 718. In arenosis ad lacum Noor-Saisan. Fr. et Augusts. Kar. еt Kir. 1840” (KW), зібраний з тієї ж території, що і типовий зразок T. ramosissima. Для більшої достовірності були досліджені й інші зразки обох видів та проаналізовано їх першоописи. Встановлено, що за морфологічними ознаками, переважно генеративних органів (форма віночка, пелюсток, чашолистків, стилодія з приймочками) вид T. odessana добре відрізняється від T. ramosissima. У статті представлена порівняльна таблиця з морфологічними характеристиками рослин обох видів та фотографії їх вегетативних й генеративних органів, за якими вони найпомітніше різняться. Проте, для остаточного вирішення питання видової самостійності T. odessana доцільно було б в подальшому залучити молекулярно-біологічні дані, які на сьогодні відсутні.
Конспект та диференціація видового різноманіття урбанофлори Пирятина (Полтавська область)
Authors: КОВАЛЕНКО ОЛЕКСІЙ АНАТОЛІЙОВИЧ
Published: December 2020

Не зважаючи на інтенсивні флористичні та геоботанічні дослідження Лівобережного Придніпров’я інформації щодо урбанофлори середніх та малих міст бракує. Нами була проведена інвентаризація видового різноманіття флори м. Пирятин та паттернів їхньої диференціації. На території дослідження було зафіксовано 933 види вищих судинних рослин з 5 відділів рослинного царства, для кожного виду встановлена його приуроченість до територіальних зон міста та його ценофлор. Високий рівень видового різноманіття урбанофлори пов’язаний зі збереженням на території міста фрагменту заплави річки Удай, територій ПЗФ, а також репрезентативного флористичного комплексу синантропних рослин, який поповнюється новими елементами завдяки торгово-транспортним зв’язкам міста. Найбільше видове різноманіття зосереджене у територіальних зонах ПЗФ (723) та рекреаційного використання (704), тоді ж як зони інженерної інфраструктури, комунально-складські, виробничі, спеціальні та історико-культурного призначення мають низькі значення видового різноманіття через тотальну трансформацію середовища. Розподіл ценофлор за рівнем видового різноманіття вказує, що найвищий рівень видового різноманіття притаманний лучним та узлісним ценофлорам, також високі його показники характерні для оселищ, зайнятих рудеральною рослинністю. Лісові, чагарникові та степові ценофлори мають знижені показники видового різноманіття через високий рівень антропогенного пресингу. Дендрограма флористичної подібності ценофлор в межах міста Пирятин, хоч і цілком відповідає дендрограмі флористичної подібності конкретної флори, до якої вона належить, все ж має ряд специфічних рис, серед яких тісна інтеграція рудеральних та квазі-природних ценофлор з прибережноводними та заплавно-лісовими у результаті апофітизації та адвентизації природних екосистем.
La corrupción y el crecimiento económico del Perú, 2010-2019
Authors: Olivera Cáceres Jesús Amadeo
Published: December 2020

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación que existe entre la corrupción y el crecimiento económico del Perú, en el periodo 2010-2019. La metodología tuvo enfoque cuantitativo, tipo básico, diseño no experimental, de nivel relacional, ya que buscó analizar la relación que existe entre la corrupción y el crecimiento económico del Perú, 2010-2019. Fue transversal porque recogió datos en un período determinado; para ello, se aplicó el análisis documental, recogiendo información con el fin de relacionar y medir las variables de estudio, efectuar las regresiones y comparaciones correspondientes. Finalmente, se estableció que existe relación entre la corrupción y el crecimiento económico del Perú, en el periodo 2010-2019. Los resultados determinaron que en el Perú, el crecimiento económico ha descendido en términos de PBI (8.5 al 4.2 %). Se halló que el índice de puntuación de la corrupción del Perú en el periodo 2010-2019 tuvo un promedio del 2.2 al 2.8, situándose en el puesto 35 en el año 2010, y en el puesto 36 en el año 2019 (según el ranking mundial de Transparencia Internacional), evidenciándose una constante en el índice de la corrupción en el Perú.
Microempresas en pandemia: una aproximación desde el discurso del emprendedor
Authors: Ramírez Charca Edith Diana , Campos Lizarzaburu William B.
Published: December 2020

Este estudio se planteó como objetivo aproximarse al comportamiento y expectativas de las micro y pequeñas empresas (mypes) en tiempos de pandemia del COVID-19. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, de perspectiva fenomenológica, que se desarrolla en base al discurso del emprendedor que conduce la mype. Se trabajó con una muestra no probabilística de nueve mypes de diferentes sectores y de diferente área de procedencia. La recolección de información se hizo mediante la entrevista y el cuestionario. La entrevista se realizó mediante las funciones de llamada, mensaje de texto y videollamada de la red social  WhatsApp; y el cuestionario, de ocho ítems, fue diseñado con la herramienta Formularios Google para facilitar su envió en línea. Se identificaron como categorías de análisis el impacto percibido de la  pandemia, la acción de la mype respecto a la autoridad tributaria, la decisión respecto a la continuidad del negocio y las decisiones adoptadas ante la coyuntura. Como conclusión se encontró que, en opinión del emprendedor, la pandemia del COVID-19 y la cuarentena en el país han tenido un impacto negativo en la actividad de las micro y pequeñas empresas, a nivel de volumen de trabajo atendido, ventas e ingresos.