bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rhetorical Functions of Topos in Qur’anic Discourse
Authors: Hassan Saloomi Azhar
Published: February 2023

To argue effectively and influence the opponent in any argumentative discourse, the speaker needs to introduce commonplace statements that made the opponent accept them with no disinclination and hesitation. Such statements are recognized as Topos or topics, as the modern translator use. Topos mostly accompanies repetition and some other figures of speech that are prominent tools in any challenging speech; the religious one. The present paper is an attempt to explore the impact topos has on the discourse of the Glorious Quran It aims to detect some sorts of topos displayed together with figures of speech, show how their survival has a vital role in creating a persuasive and successful argument, and finally trace the influence they have on the interpretation of such discourse. Based on Aristotles’ categories of topos, Rygiel (1994) model of repetition, and Tafsir Al-Mizan for Al-Tabtabai, the concept of topos is illuminated with reference to some verses from the Glorious Quran. The researcher concludes that Aristotle’s categories of topos are applicable to the Glorious Quran and mostly accompany repetition, in addition to some other figures of speech such as metaphor, personification, and rhetorical question. Such a blend of the two topos and figures of speech help the speaker to defend, clarify, justify, and support his/ her argument to the extent that it leads the opponents to be extremely confident and persuaded with the argument even if they entirely believe in an opposing view.
A Critical Discourse Analysis of Prophet Muhammad's (Peace be upon him and his household) Ideology in his Sermon to Al-Imam Ali (Peace Be Upon Him)
Authors: Abdul- Hussein Khudhair Zina
Published: February 2023

Critical discourse analysis is a modern transdisciplinary approach which integrates both linguistic analysis (micro level) and social analysis (macro level). Its main concern is to provide answers to questions about the relation between language and society.

The current paper is a critical discourse analysis of Prophet's Muhammad (Peace be upon him) ideology in his Sermon to Al-Imam Ali (Peace be upon him). It aims to investigate the lexical, structural, and ideological strategies employed in the sermon by adapting Fairclough's (1989) model.
Class-Distinction in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The House of the Seven Gables
Authors: Abdulhussein Mahdi Maali
Published: February 2023

It is well known to many critics that Nathaniel Hawthorne’s writings are often inspired by his life and the events and concepts he went through, and The House of the Seven Gables is of course not exempt from this rule. The idea of the novel is built on events and news that the writer heard about his upper class ancestors and their racist view towards the lower classes.

The character of the dictator and the oppressor in the novel is well embodied in the personality of Colonel Pyncheon.. infact the Colonel reflects the thoughts and beliefs of Hawthorne’s ancestors, who were known for their arrogance, injustice and tyranny with poor and simple people. It is clear that Hawthorne’s comments in the novel are mostly about the idea of the class inequality that ruled society at the time, and his rejection to that backward aristocratic mentality.

The research discusses the idea of class distinction embodied by the characters of the novel with the idea that this differentiation can be ended and become a thing of the past if the new generations feel love and respect towards each other as this is embodied in characters of Holgrave and Phoebe.
دور إسبانيا في تداعيات مشكلة الصحراء الغربية 1975-1991
Authors: محمود صالح بشرى
Published: February 2023

لم يترك الاستعمار منطقة من المناطق التي اخرج منها بالقوة إلا وترك فيها مشكلة مستعصية تثير الفتن والخلافات بين الدول التي المستقلة، فبدءاً من الاستعمار البريطاني والذي ترك كشمير منطقة خلاف بين الهند وباكستان، يتجدد خلافها كل حين من الزمن مروراً بمنطقة حلايب بين مصر والسودان، والاستعمار الإسباني الذي ترك منطقة الصحراء منطقة صراع بين دول المنطقة.

وقد ازدادت أهمية هذه المنطقة بعد اكتشاف ثرواتها فتحولت من منطقة صحراوية إلى منقطة استراتيجية تطمح كل الدول المحيطة بها إلى الاستحواذ عليها فضلاً عن إطلالتها على المحيط الأطلسي، فكانت بذرة للعديد من الصراعات والنزاعات في المنطقة فضلاً عن تشرذم المنطقة بسبب هذه النزاعات والصراعات، فكانت سبباً في القطيعة السياسية بين المغرب والجزائر، وسبباً في التدخلات الأجنبية في تلك المنطقة.
Sinopsis del género Puya Molina (Bromeliaceae: Puyoideae) en la región de Cusco
Authors: Hinojosa-Talavera Miguel Angel , Ochoa-Estrada Julio Gustavo
Published: February 2023

Se presenta la diversidad y distribución del género Puya (Bromeliaceae) en el departamento de Cusco. Se reconoce un total de 15 especies, Puya herrerae registró la mayor distribución abarcando 13 provincias y P. ferruginea posee el mayor rango de altura entre 1000 a 4000 msnm, otras especies como P. gutteana, P. iltisiana, P. lasiopoda y P. vargasiana solo han sido analizadas de material herborizado. De las 15 especies, 9 son endémicas del Perú y P. gutteana y P. vargasiana se restringen solo al departamento de Cusco. Las especies con alguna categoría de amenaza nacional o internacional son P. cylindrica, P. cochabambensis, P. herrerae, P. iltisiana, P. lutheri, P. membranacea y P. raimondii.
Evaluación etnobotánica preliminar de la flora local en dos comunidades nativas de Tambopata, Amazonía sur peruana
Authors: Dueñas-Linares Hugo , Baez-Quispe Sufer , Estivariz-Econema Jeannpier
Published: February 2023

Las comunidades nativas en la Amazonía históricamente han hecho uso y manejo de las plantas beneficio de diferentes necesidades. El objetivo del estudio fue registrar, caracterizar y documentar los conocimientos etnobotánicos tradicionales en las comunidades nativas de Sonene y Palma Real, en la Amazonía de Madre de Dios, Perú. En la comunidad nativa (C.N.) de Sonene se encontró un mayor número de especies con un uso tradicional que en la C.N. de Palma real, 103 y 92 respectivamente. Las familias dominantes fueron Fabaceae y Araceae. Las categorías de uso más representativos en ambas comunidades fueron: Medicinal en Palma Real (50%) y Sonene (68%)., las otras categorías han sido: para Palma Real Alimenticio (16%), Construcción (12%), Cultural y Colorante con 5% cada una; para Sonene Alimenticio (14%), Construcción (9%), y artesanal con 4%. Las especies con poseen mayores categorías de uso fueron: Bertholletia excelsa (Med, Ali, Con), Genipa americana (Ali, Cons, Col), Iriartea deltoidea (Med, Ali, Con) y Psidium guajava (Med, Ali, Art). La especie de con mayor frecuencia de mención por los pobladores fue: P. guajava. A nivel de especie son frecuentes de uso en ambas comunidades 13 especies, siendo: Paullinia bracteosa, Sapium marmieri, Piper aduncum, Banisteriopsis caapi, Uncaria guianensis, Ficus insipida y Abuta grandifolia. El órgano de las plantas más utilizadas en las comunidades fue las hojas (>35% de las especies), seguido por tallos y frutos. Este estudio nos ha permitido confirmar que existe un gran conocimiento de las plantas útiles en las dos comunidades nativas, pero a pesar que aún se conservan muchos de ellos, las generaciones actuales muestran un cierto desinterés en el aprendizaje y aplicación de estos conocimientos provistos por padres y abuelos.
Probabilistic Model for rGO-enriched nano-ceramics for electro-mechanical study
Authors: Munjar Vania
Published: February 2023

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nano-ceramics are an extensive area of research because of their fascinating thermal, mechanical, and electrical characteristics. It is possible to undertake a thorough theoretical investigation of the structure's, structural entropy and electrical conductivity by expressing the rGO-included ceramic structure as a polyhedral complex. The work illustrates a theoretical method for choosing the best rGO proportion in order to maximise structural and electrical attributes.
ANALYSIS OF SNOWMELT AS A TRIGGERING FACTOR FOR SHALLOW LANDSLIDE
Authors: Panzeri Lorenzo , Mondani Michele , Taddia Glenda , Papini Monica , Longoni Laura
Published: February 2023

Shallow landslides are induced by extreme hydrological events or by events of medium intensity but prolonged over time. Such slips involve generally limited portions of land; however, they are dangerous due to the absence of warning signals and the lack of knowledge regarding their possible evolution.
The aim of this paper is to study the evolution of shallow landslides affected by snowmelt and rainfall and to compare the observations done in situ by means of a statistical analysis of meteorological variables with those made in the laboratory.
Few authors have addressed the role of snow to slope instabilities, nevertheless, in the context of ongoing climate change, the study of glacier and snow melt must be further explored. For this reason, this work deals with the study of in situ seasonal processes observed at a mountain closed basin nearby Champoluc in Aosta Valley region. To understand and to improve triggering threshold in snowy region, snowmelt and meteorological analyses were carried out by means of a cutting-edge weather and snowpack station. All the available data have been examined with a series of statistical analysis to define snow melting trends in relation to meteorological conditions. After that, some tests were performed at GAP2 Lecco laboratory taking into account the onsite observations to evaluate the consequence of studied atmospheric conditions on a downscaled reproduced slope covered by snow. Therefore, it was possible to observe the direct interaction between soil and snow and how infiltration process takes place under settled conditions.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF LOCAL LEAKS IN THE FLOOD CONTROL LEVEE
Authors: Bednarova Emilia , Skvarka Juraj , Vaclavik Patrik
Published: February 2023

In recent decades, society has paid increased attention to issues related to observed climate change, which also includes recurring extreme hydrological phenomena. Shortterm heavy rainfall and long-term droughts draw attention to the increased need for hydraulic structures, providing protection against floods or creating water supplies in times of water scarcity. Flood control levees are an important part of flood protection measures. We should give them constant attention to prevent them from collapsing, and their safety. Almost 3,000 km of flood control levees were built in Slovakia. Due to their age and importance, in recent years these structures require special attention due to the increased intensity of flood flows, reconstruction, or rehabilitation. The most common is the sealing of the levee bodies or their subsoil. Also, we can increase their crest levels due to changes in hydrological conditions in the last decades. The present article illustrates the results of a study related to increasing the safety of the Nitra levees. It is remarkable here that, despite the engineering research on the unproven occurrence of permeable local leaks, wet areas occur at the foot of the levees during floods. Attention is focused on the probable causes of these phenomena and the possibilities of their solution.
WATER/CEMENT/BENTONITE MIXTURES PROPERTY TESTING IN THE PRESENCE OF STANDARD SAND
Authors: Barbu Cristian-Stefan , Sabau Andrei-Dan , Chirica Anton
Published: February 2023

When studying the mechanical behavior of hydrated binders, it is necessary to prevent hydration contraction tensile failure in order to properly characterize the mechanical properties of the material. This is regulated by standards for cement testing, however for the case of water-cement-bentonite mixtures the influence of standard sand is not thoroughly studied. Since the hydration shrinkage and water suction is different for cement and bentonite, a range of eleven combinations of water-cement-bentonite were used at four sand percentages. The paper documented this influence ranging from a lower limit for which contraction cracking occurs up to an upper limit for which the presence of sand favorably interferes with the binder, the material being transformed from a binder paste into a mortar. It is documented the range of sand composition for which the variation of sand content prevents contraction, yet preserves binder properties. The laboratory testing consisted of viscosity evaluation during samples preparation, permeability and monoaxial compressive strength on samples cured in open atmosphere for 28 days.
DESIGN OF A SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING THE PRODUCT QUALITY OF CLOSED RUBBER CONVEYOR BELTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THEIR SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Marasova Daniela
Published: February 2023

The paper addresses the sustainability of technological transport, specifically the transport of materials by pipe conveyors. Environmental aspects must also be addressed as part of the solution to the sustainability of pipe conveyors. Pipe conveyors are suitable for the efficient transport of large volumes of bulk material with a minimum of environmental pollution. Closed rubber conveyor belts are a basic structural element of pipe conveyors. These types of conveyor belts have to resist a combination of factors such as abrasion, heat, frost, chemicals, oil, burning, ozone and ultraviolet radiation. These requirements are associated with an almost confusing range of test methods and quality standards set by the standard setters of the Committee of European Standardization and the International Organization for Standardization. The main purpose of the paper is to create a concept of product quality subsystem of pipeline transport with closed rubber conveyor belts, taking into account the factors acting on the conveyor belt during its operation with the specification of methods suitable for testing their quality. The principles of system analysis are applied by creating a system. After formulating the problem, the system is defined and the basic quality factors of the conveyor belts are identified. This is followed by a general analysis of quality factors and a synthesis of the knowledge gained.
DETERMINATION OF THE STRENGTH OF ADHESION BETWEEN THE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF CONVEYOR BELTS
Authors: Ambrisko Lubomir
Published: February 2023

The properties of the basic materials of conveyor belts and adhesion between these materials affect the proper functionality and service life of conveyor belts. Their reliability depends on the adhesive force between their structural components. The purpose of this paper was to investigate into the quality of adhesion of the rubber cover layers to the carcass, and of the adhesion between the adjacent textile plies in a rubbertextile conveyor belt. The experiments were aimed at measuring the adhesive force using the tensile testing machine with a constant rate of traverse. The investigation was carried out with 4 conveyor belts with carcasses made of the same material. The experiments were carried out in compliance with the recommendations of the ISO 252:2007 standard and the results were verified according to the ISO 14890:2013 standard. The strength of adhesion between textile plies of the carcass and rubber is very important in the both production and applications of rubber-textile conveyor belts.
EVALUATION THE ACCURACY OF PREDICTION OF DETONATION PARAMETERS SPECIFIC TO EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS USING "EXPLO5"
Authors: Vasilescu Gabriel , Radeanu Cristian , Jitea Ciprian , Garaliu-Busoi Bogdan , Anghelache Doru
Published: February 2023

Used the specialized software solution regarding to the thermochemical facilities, we can predict detonation (e.g. detonation velocity, pressure, energy, heat end temperature, etc.) and combustion (e.g. specific impulse, force, pressure, etc.) performance of energetic materials. The calculation of detonation parameters is based on the chemical equilibrium steady-state model of detonation. The equilibrium composition of detonation and combustion products is calculated by applying modified White, Johnson, and Dantzig�s free energy minimisation technique. The IT specialized application, named EXPLO5, uses the Becker-Kistiakowsky-Wilson (BKW) and Exp-6 EOS for gaseous detonation products, the ideal gas and virial equations of state of gaseous combustion products, and the Murnaghan equation of states for condensed products.
GROWTH OF A HYDRAULIC FRACTURE IN THE SIDETRACKED BOREHOLE
Authors: Azarov Anton , Patutin Andrey
Published: February 2023

Initially developed as one of the most successful methods for stimulating hydrocarbon production, hydraulic fracturing (HF) has gradually found its application in related fields, such as underground mining. At the same time, the importance of controlling the crack propagation path increases, since the design of in-mine hydraulic fracturing is a complex technological task due to the influence of mine workings and other inseam boreholes.
When performing HF for the purpose of degassing a coal-bearing massif, there is a problem of forming a longitudinal crack in the plane of the coal seam. Such a crack makes it possible to most effectively cross natural fractures and increase the production rate of methane. To do this, HF is carried out in closely spaced parallel boreholes with the formation of a single plane of filtration. However, the approach has a significant drawback: for successful implementation of the method, the distance between wells must be sufficiently small.
In this paper, a method for creating a crack in a borehole with a sidetrack is considered and numerically investigated. Sealing of the fracturing interval is performed above the sidetracking point, which acts as a stress concentrator and promotes the onset of crack growth. As a result, a longitudinal crack propagates in the plane formed by the borehole and the sidetrack. The influence of the stress field, the properties of the medium, the free surface, as well as the direction and angle of the sidetrack on the path of the crack is studied.
DETERMINISTIC EARTHQUAKE SCENARIO FOR THE CITY OF VARNA
Authors: Solakov Dimcho , Simeonova Stela , Raykova Plamena
Published: February 2023

In the present study deterministic earthquake scenarios for the city of Varna - the thirdlargest city in Bulgaria are presented. By deterministic scenario, it is mean a representation of the severity of ground shaking over an urban area, using one or more hazard descriptors. The assessment of seismic hazard and generation of earthquake scenarios is the first step of seismic risk evaluation and society prevention.
Seismic history of Varna shows that the hazard for the city is mainly influence by the earthquakes occurred in the seismogenic zone Shabla (Kaliakra fault system). The local ground shaking levels are computed using the six ground motion prediction equations (GMPE�s) for tectonically active regions that are previously selected. A reliable geotechnical zonation of the city of Varna was incorporated in the earthquake scenario generation. Deterministic ground shaking scenarios for the city of Varna are generated for two scenario earthquakes with different location and magnitudes are considered. The generated scenarios are described in terms of MSK (=EMS98) intensity, peak ground acceleration and velocity and in spectral accelerations for Sa (0.3s) and Sa (1.0s). The results in PGA and MSK intensity for scenario MW7.2 quake located on strike slip Kaliakra fault are mapped. The estimated peak ground accelerations for MW7.2 quake vary between 0.07 and 0.14 g.
VEHICLE�S SEISMIC WAVES MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Gueorguiev Nikolay , Todorov Miroslav , Boyche Yavor , Todorov Mihail
Published: February 2023

The registration and analysis of seismic signals generated by different types of machines and vehicles are areas that, thanks to modern technological capabilities, create an opportunity to study various aspects of environmental behavior and generate timedepending loading function for civil engineering analysis. These analyses can be used in various areas of engineering research - on the one hand as a means of identifying the actuator (vehicle) and assessing its operating mode, and on the other hand - as a means of modelling the impact of generated mechanical waves on neighbouring objects. The application of this type of research can be clearly oriented towards assessing the impact of urban noise (traffic) on the buildings and facilities. With this assessment, technical solutions can be developed to reduce the harmful effects of traffic and machine vibrations. In the present study, data from accelerometers were used to determine the parameters of oscillation caused by different types of vehicles. Through the measurements and analysis, an opportunity was sought to identify the vehicles by means of FFT analysis and response spectra. Different types of accelerometers, from piezoelectric to molecular, were used. The results were subjected to mathematical transformations with SeismoMatch, V. 2016 (Spectral Analysis) and Excel (FFT analysis) and on this basis different markers were identified in the form of accelerations, velocities, and displacements in the registration positions.
PROSPECTS OF THE OIL INDUSTRY OF OPEC+ COUNTRIES - MAJOR OIL EXPORTERS IN THE CONTEXT OF POST-PANDEMIC AND POLITICAL INSTABILITY
Authors: Gukasyan Gurgen , Khayder Ali Nasser
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the analysis is to identify prospects and opportunities for the development of the oil industry of Arab countries (including Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates. Kuwait, Qatar. Oman, Iraq) as well as Iran, Venezuela, Russia and some others), in the difficult post�pandemic and political conditions of 2022.
In our opinion, there is a strong influence on the oil industry of cyclical and structuralcyclical fluctuations of the world economy, along with the environmental policy of the OECD countries, long-term trends in the consumption of fossil fuels. In this aspect, the historical approach to analysis contributes to a better forecasting of the studied problem, namely, an experience of the OPEC policy in the 20th century.
At the same time, in the context of the events of 2022, there is an overlap of political factors of the development of the oil market with its economic trends. This may lead to a change in the entire configuration of the oil market and industry. The bet on the exceptionally decisive role of "green energy" does not fully justify itself due to various difficulties. The oil resource is viewed differently by developing countries and OECD. Under these conditions, it is possible to identify and justify the impact of a number of unexpectedly intensified factors and strategic directions of the development of the oil industry for key OPEC+ member countries.
In the article the methods of macro and microeconomic analysis, historical approach, statistical analysis, and partly, political analysis, are used. The results can be used in further investigation of oil-exporting countries oil policy.
NUMERICAL STUDY ON FIRE HAZARD ASSOCIATED TO EXTERNAL THERMAL INSULATION CLADDING SYSTEMS
Authors: Munteanu Laurentiu , Suvar Marius Cornel , Manea Florin , Tuhut Ligia Ioana , Matei Andrada Denisa
Published: February 2023

The significant increase in the price of energy resources leads today's society not only to a reconsideration of energy conservation policies but also to the encouragement of architects, builders, and building owners to use thermal insulation and exterior wall finishing systems. The design of thermal insulation for facades is a constructive decision, in which the layer with thermal insulation properties is fixed on the load-bearing side of the walls, with the help of adhesives and/or by mechanical means, followed by the application of a reinforcement and finishing layer. These operations have the role of ensuring the normative values of the thermal indicators specific to the wall structures, their protection against environmental influences, ensuring the optimal microclimate of the interior compartments of the building as well as providing an attractive, aesthetic appearance to the facades and structural elements.
Wet exterior cladding or composite thermal insulation systems using polystyrene (ETICS) provide a complete and very cost-effective solution to meet the above-described goals.
However, multiple examples of fires in the scientific literature, with the spread of fire on the support of thermal insulation and finishing systems of buildings, indicate their particular danger. This fire risk is directly related to the chosen structural solution for cladding and the type of thermal insulation material used, being also influenced by noncompliance or violation of specific technical regulations or rules on the fire safety of materials and buildings.
Through the application of CFD-based computational fire field models, the associated risks for a custom 7-storey building with external cladding were considered in this study. The aim was to observe the fire spread on one side of the building, insulated using the ETICS exterior insulation and finishing system. As an insulating material, two types of expanded polystyrene (EPS) were used, with different fire resistance properties. The study results demonstrate the importance of choosing the right technical solution in terms of fire safety and the need to apply methods to limit the vertical spread of fire.
SMOKE AND FOG CLASSIFICATION IN FOREST MONITORING USING HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION IMAGES
Authors: Ahlen Julia
Published: February 2023

Forest fires cause major damage to human habitats and forest ecosystems. Early detection may prevent serious consequences of fast fire spread. Although there are many smoke detection algorithms employed by various optical remote sensing systems, there is still a major misdetection of images containing fog. Fog exhibits similar visual characteristics to smoke. Furthermore, when monitoring dense forests many smoke detection algorithms would fail in robust recognition due to fog covering the trees at dawn. There have been more or less successful attempts to separate smoke from a fog in optical imagery however, these algorithms are strongly connected to a specific application area or use a semiautomatic approach. This work aims to propose a novel smoke and fog separation algorithm based on color space model calculation followed by rule-based shape analysis. In addition, the internal properties of the smoke candidate areas are examined for linear attenuation towards higher energy wavelength. Those areas are then investigated for internal shape properties such as convex hull and eccentricity. Several tests conducted on various high-resolution aerial images suggest that the system is effective in differentiating smoke and fog and thus considered to be robust in early fire detection in forest areas.
CURRENT GEODETIC TECHNOLOGIES IN THE MAINTENANCE OF SPECIALIZED MAPS AND REGISTERS OF SEA BEACHES IN THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA
Authors: Georgieva Marina
Published: February 2023

The latest amendments to Ordinance 1 on the creation and maintenance of specialized maps and registers of specialized public state property under the Act on the Black Sea coast spatial development create a procedure for changing and periodically updating these specialized maps and registers, as the existing regulation regulated only their creation and acceptance.
The change and the periodic updating of these specialized maps and registers are assigned by the Bulgarian Agency for Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre to certified individuals to perform cadastral activities, a qualified land surveyor who prepares the necessary draft amendments and documentation.
In the above context, the article aims to present the results of the application of current geodetic technologies and solutions in connection with geodetic activities for periodic updating of specialized maps and registers under the Act on the Black Sea coast spatial development for the famous Bulgarian sea beach.
The periodic update includes control geodetic measurements and analysis against the data reflected in the specialized maps and registers and the cadastral map and the cadastral registers; capture of new or changed objects, sub-objects and elements; verification of the characteristics of the objects and sub-objects.
The obtained results are presented with the help of unmanned aerial system and global navigation satellite system and conclusions and recommendations are made for their applicability on the presented issues.
TOPOGRAPHIC WORKS EXECUTED FOR LIFTING AND DRAWING A COLLECTIVE CONSTRUCTION GF+1F+A IN A RESIDENTIAL AREA OF TIMISOARA, ROMANIA
Authors: Barliba C. , Barliba Luminita Livia , Popescu C.A. , Samfira Ionel , Barliba F.C.
Published: February 2023

The theme of the work aimed to present a model of drawing up and carrying out a drawing work for collective constructions in order to build a building with a ground floor + 1st floor + attic. This project has been approved by the City Hall of Timisoara, Romania.
The purpose of the work was to identify and execute a topographic elevation, to draw and track the horizontality and verticality of the building for each level (ground floor, floor, attic). The work was completed with the preparation of a cadastral documentation that includes the tabulation of the construction and the division into apartments of the building, being a collective dwelling with several beneficiaries.
It was designed to be a construction type with a height regime GF+1F+A included in the land book 441649 from the database of the municipality of Timisoara. The building will have 4 housing units per level: ground floor, 1st floor and attic, each with 4 apartments. The structure of the building is made of 25 cm brick, with an exterior insulation of 10 cm, and the roof will be made on a wooden structure covered with metal tile.
Due to the small tolerances admitted by the builder in drawing the axes and bolts, it was absolutely necessary to perform specialized works to identify the land, to execute the topographic elevations in order to draw up the situation plan and, subsequently, to place the future construction according to the distances approved by the urbanism certificate and building permit.
This type of works requires a large volume of work both in the preliminary phase and in the execution phase: measuring large areas of land and raising all the details of planimetry and relief.
WORKFLOW BETWEEN TERRESTRIAL LASER SCAN AND UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BRIDGES
Authors: Cuzic Ovidiu Stefan , Man Eugen Teodor , Alionescu Adrian , Herban Ioan Sorin
Published: February 2023

The structural analysis of the civil infrastructure is vital in order to track the evolution of degradation in time, to prevent disasters, but also to document and conserve the sites of cultural heritage. This paper review�s the workflow on the acquisition of point clouds to Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) with those collected by photogrammetric 3D models based on images captured by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), analyzing the data sets on two diferent type of bridges located in western Romania. The obtained data can serve a wide range of applications and supports different studies, also providing new digital tools that help tracking the degradation in time, reducing the technical limitations in the cultural heritage preservation, and exploring alternative ways for shaping future steps associated with saftey inspection. Depending on the objective, the use of such integrated technologies brings a significant contribution as a support tool for decision making. Due to the geometric complexity of the structure, the accuracy of measurements was limited by the resolution of sensors (remote-sensing data) and areas without light, hard to reach by lens. The comparative analysis of the two techniques shows that both methods produced similar results with high precision but also presented disadvantages in terms of data associated with spatial features.
DETERMINATION OF LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE USING SENTINEL � 3 SLTR DATA AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TECHNIQUES
Authors: Jocea Andreea Florina , Cristea Catalina
Published: February 2023

In the era of rapid urbanization which has a great implication in converting the natural landscape into artificial surfaces, Land Surface Temperature (LST) is an important parameter which plays an important role in the studies of urban thermal environment, meteorological, hydrological and climatological applications and Global climate change. Data and images acquired from satellites offer information that can facilitate public and private decision - making. This study investigates the Land Surface Temperature (LST) determination in Bucharest city, which is the capital of Romania using geospatial data provided by the Sentinel - 3 SLTR instrument satellite mission and Geographic Information System techniques. For this purpose, were processed two images acquired on July 2020 and July 2021. The mapping result reveals that the surface temperature is around 32 - 50 Celsius degrees during summer period and had been recorded in the city center and in the industrial area of the city. The obtained temperature interval is reliable, comparing with the measurements realized by weather monitoring stations.
OPTIMISING VEGETATION-INPUT FOR DROUGHT ASSESSMENT WITH SENTINEL-2A DATA
Authors: Vercruysse Joachim , Deruyter Greet
Published: February 2023

As a consequence of climate change, in some regions, more intense rain showers go hand in hand with longer dry periods. The subsequent more and more severe droughts can have devastating effects on many economic and social sectors. Therefore, it is necessary to be able to predict and assess the consequences of these droughts on a local scale, in order to develop policies to cope.
Drought assessment needs a lot of detailed and accurate input-data, such as land use, land cover, soil moisture, vegetation, evapotranspiration, etc., often obtained by continuous earth monitoring by satellites. Satellite images are generally converted into indices, of which the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is one of the most widely used. It was developed for use with Landsat imagery and allows for the classification of satellite images for land use and the assessment of the vegetation�s vitality.
In this research, a new composite index is presented and compared to the NDVI to be used with Sentinel-2A imagery, having higher resolution and more spectral bands than Landsat. This new composite index can be used to detect water and vegetation.
Test results show that this newly developed composite index achieves a better accuracy through Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification than the widely used NDVI. Although further validation is necessary, the results promise a possible amelioration of vegetation related input data for drought assessment and management.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE EMERGENT AQUATIC VEGETATION IN THE DANUBE DELTA, ROMANIA. THE CASE STUDY OF TATARU AND UZLINA LAKES
Authors: Catianis Irina , Iordache Gabriel , Constantinescu Adriana Maria , Pavel Ana Bianca , Dobre Oana
Published: February 2023

This paper presents the findings of the mapping and evaluation of macrophyte vegetation from Tataru and Uzlina lakes, located within Danube Delta, Romania. Throughout time, the Danube Delta unique ecosystem has endured considerable ecological changes due to natural and anthropogenic stressors. Currently, the potential threats are those related to pollution, agriculture, land use, climate change and subsequently, the proliferation and/or the extinction of many macrophyte species. The excessive development of aquatic vegetation has negative consequences, reducing the flow velocity of water in the connecting channels, exacerbates the sedimentation processes in the deltaic lakes which are subject to the clogging phenomenon (i.e., silting). The abundance, distribution and biodiversity of the emergent aquatic species were surveyed in Tataru and Uzlina lakes. The biodiversity of macrophytes is different in the investigated lakes, being dependent on the fluvial input of water and sediment of the Danube River, extent of lakes and water depth. In Tataru Lake, the macrophyte vegetation was represented by a greater variety of species (Nymphaea alba, Nuphar lutea, Trapa natans, Salvinia natans, Lemna minor and Phragmites australis), in comparison to Uzlina Lake (Nymphaea alba, Nuphar lutea, Trapa natans and Phragmites australis). This methodology and results are valuable for the strategic environmental assessment and management of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve and can be used in similar settings.
INFLUENCE OF THE I95-INDEX AND LOCAL PARAMETERS ON THE ACCURACY OF GNSS POSITIONING
Authors: Deruyter Greet , De Wulf Alain , Vercruysse Joachim
Published: February 2023

Although originally developed for military purposes, Global Navigation Satellite Systems have become indispensable for an ever-growing range of civil and scientific applications such as cartography, cadastral and land information systems, transport systems, precision agriculture, self-driving vehicles, rescue missions, etc.
The accuracy of positioning by means of GNSS, however, is affected by atmospheric distortions of the GNSS signals as well as by the characteristics of the receiver (e.g. number of channels, firmware, etc.), local external influences (e.g. reflective surfaces, obstructions, electromagnetic distortions, etc.), and the system used to correct these distortions (e.g. SBAS, RTK, RTK-network, post-processing, etc.). Hence, to predict the accuracy of the positioning, it is important to understand the degree of robustness of the system (receiver and method) in terms of the degree in which it is affected by ionospheric conditions and local external influences.
For this research the system consisted of a Septentrio ALTUS NR3 GNSS receiver in combination with the Flemish RTK-network FLEPOS, Belgium.
To assess the accuracy and its variations, measurements in varying external circumstances, were performed according to the of ISO 17123-8 standard during the period November 2021 - April 2022.
The results show that the system is very robust for the influence of the I95 index and the location specific parameters: proximity of high voltage cables and windmills. However, the distance to the nearest reference station and the number of visible satellites can affect the precision. Further research is necessary to assess the influence of other parameters.
STUDIES ON THE URBAN IMPACT OF THE LOCAL REGISTER OF GREEN SPACES AS A GIS TYPE INFORMATION SYSTEM
Authors: Samfira Ionel , David Gheorghe , Pfandl Alin , Barliba Costel , Barliba Livia
Published: February 2023

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are solutions that cover a wide range of fields, from the management of urban resources, the introduction of satellite tracking and coordination of roads routes, tourism, civil protection, logistical support in case of natural disasters, land records, management of agricultural farms and forest fund, etc. At present there are many uses of science applied in society and which provide decision support for many beneficiaries - companies, public authorities. Thus, GIS with urban applicability is unique in terms of efficiency in terms of data accuracy, security, performance and price.
Our study focuses on the hypothesis of using an application that jointly manages information and at the same time streamlines internal activity to reduce dependence on specialized institutions for obtaining information because they are already available locally.
The present study quantified the urban impact of the elaboration of the Local Register of Green Spaces regarding the following aspects: the management of the green spaces located on the lands belonging to the public / private domain within the locality; the degraded lands within the built-up area of the locality may be rehabilitated and redeveloped as green spaces; isolated trees planted near traffic arteries, on the lands of educational institutions, housing estates; protected trees, regardless of their health and size.
In the urban management, depending on the data obtained, the following solutions were proposed: creation of databases, collection and registration of initial data that define the health of trees with specialized equipment.
The end result is the elimination of the risk of accidents and the control of the health of the urban forest resource by periodic evaluation with specialized equipment. In conclusion, the urban GIS of green spaces will lead to a good management of them in order to ensure the quality of environmental factors and the health of the population.
NOVEL APPLICATIONS OF GIS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN FOREST RESTORATION
Authors: Vasiliev Denis , Stevens Rodney , Hazlett Richard , Bornmalm Lennart
Published: February 2023

Forest restoration programmes take place globally and lay a pivotal role in addressing climate change and biodiversity loss. Often restoration programmes are based on simple plantation schemes, evenly planting trees that later on might contribute to economic activity. This, however, does not seem to be sufficient for supporting biodiversity. Recent research suggests that successful restorations should match original ecological patterns in any particular landscape, assuming that severe erosion and changing soil conditions have not taken place during disturbances. This means that understanding natural historic patterns is vital. However, achieving such understanding is often challenging, given the fact that historic satellite imagery is generally available only for relatively short time periods. It is therefore important, if possible, to model former landscape ecological patterns. Modelling might be based on different site-specific approaches and historical records. However, most powerful tools available today include deep learning and artificial intelligence. Construction and training of neural networks might allow simulation of historical forest patterns in cases when satellite imagery is not available for long time periods. Application of this technique is very likely to have important practical implications.
TELAAH KEBIJAKAN JALUR ZONASI MASUK SEKOLAH TERHADAP HAK MENDAPATKAN PENDIDIKAN FORMAL
Authors: Arnoldus Pawe  , Rizky Karo Karo
Published: February 2023

Latar belakang penulisan ini adalah sistem zonasi sekolah pada penerimaan siswa baru di Sekolah Negeri (SD, SMP, SMA/SMK) memiliki keunggulan dan kelemahan. Salah satu keunggulan yakni pemerataan Pendidikan, namun salah satu kelemahan yakni daya tampung sekolah yang berbeda-beda. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan memberi rekomendasi terhadap peningkatan pendidikan yang bermutu di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif. Penulis mengelaborasi data lapangan dengan data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier untuk dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian adalah anak Indonesia memiliki hak untuk mendapatkan pendidikan formal yang bermutu/berkualitas. Salah satu bentuk mendapatkan hak tersebut adalah anak dapat memilih sekolah khususnya sekolah negeri yang diminati. Sistem zonasi sebagai salah satu mekanisme penerimaan siswa baru memiliki kekurangan dan kelebihan. Kekurangan sistem zonasi karena anak akan kesulitan memilih sekolah yang diminati karena permasalahan administrtatif. Kelebihannya adalah bahwa akan terjadi pemerataan penerimaan murid-murid yang berprestasi. Kesimpulan tulisan ini bahwa zonasi masuk sekolah harus dikaji kembali dan harus mendengarkan aspirasi dari orang tua murid yang tentunya masih akan membiayai biaya sekolah anak tersebut.
Propaganda Penggunaan Bendera Bintang Kejora Terkait Isu Penolakan Pemekaran Daerah Otonomi Baru Papua
Authors: M. Yusuf Samad  , Poppy Setiawati Nurisnaeny
Published: February 2023

Pemerintah Indonesia telah menetapkan pemekaran Daerah Otonom Baru (DOB) Papua dengan tiga tambahan provinsi, seperti Papua Selatan, Papua Tengah, dan Papua Pegunungan. Namun, kebijakan tersebut mendapat penolakan dari masyarakat Papua dengan cara melakukan propaganda penggunaan bendera Bintang Kejora. Bendera tersebut dikibarkan pada saat menyampaikan pernyataan sikap penolakan pemekaran Papua dan pada saat aksi unjuk rasa menolak pemekaran Papua. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji tentang aksi-aksi penolakan pemekaran Papua yang menggunakan bendera Bintang Kejora. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan mengacu pada teori propaganda dan pendekatan multitrack peace building. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode propaganda yang dilakukan oleh Tentara Pembebasan Nasional Papua Barat (TPNPB) dan massa aksi unjuk rasa Petisi Rakyat Papua (PRP) berupa metode pervasif dengan cara pengiriman pesan secara masif dan terus-menerus mengenai penggunaan Bintang Kejora sebagai bentuk penolakan terhadap kebijakan pemerakan Papua. Makna Bintang Kejora tersebut mengalami pergeseran dari yang sebelumnya bermakna sebagai hasil dari pengalaman mitologi yang diyakini membawa kedamaian dan kesejahteraan, menjadi suatu bentuk perlawanan terhadap pemerintah, termasuk penolakan kebijakan pemekaran Papua. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah aksi yang dilakukan TPNPB dan PRP merupakan upaya propaganda menyampaikan kepada sasaran propaganda bahwa Bintang Kejora merupakan simbol perlawanan terhadap kebijakan pemerintah.
Diplomasi Pertahanan Indonesia Dalam Menghadapi Ancaman dari Five Power Defence Arrangement (FPDA)
Authors: Gistyger Hasudungan Manullang  , Muhammad Fauzi Abdul Rachman
Published: February 2023

Five Powers Defence Arrangement (FPDA) merupakan aliansi pertahanan yang dilakukan oleh lima negara (Inggris, Australia, Selandia Baru, Singapura, dan Malaysia). Pembentukan FPDA untuk membantu negara persemakmuran Inggris yaitu Malaysia dan Singapura karena kedua negara ini menganggap Indonesia sebagai ancaman. Sebaliknya, Indonesia juga menganggap FPDA sebagaisebuah ancaman karena negara tiga negara anggota FPDA berbatasan langsung dengan Indonesia dan FPDA memiliki kekuatan yang jauh lebih besar dari Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, Indonesia harus mampu untuk menghadapi ancaman yang mungkin datang dari FPDA, salah satunya dengan melakukan diplomasi pertahanan. Penelitian ini akan membahas bagaimana Indonesia dapat menghadapi ancaman dari FPDA. Pada penelitian ini, metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Selain itu, teknik dalam pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah internet based research. Data-data yang diperoleh akan dikelola sesuai dengan topik penelitian. Dalam hal ini, terdapat dua upaya yang telah dilakukan oleh Indonesia untuk bisa mengimbangi kekuatan FPDA, yaitu meningkatkan diplomasi pertahanan dengan negara anggota FPDA dan membangun kemitraan strategis dengan negara great power (Amerika Serikat, Rusia, dan Cina).
Musyawarah Desa Sebagai Komunikasi Pembangunan yang Efektif untuk Memajukan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDES) Tanaman Kopi di Kecamatan Sidikalang, Kab Dairi, Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Authors: Ridawati br. Tarigan  , Rizky Pratama Putra Karo Karo
Published: February 2023

Latar belakang: latar belakang tulisan ini dikarenakan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Bumdes) sebagai subyek hukum yang telah dilindungi oleh Undang-undang beserta peraturan perundang-undangannya. Pengembangan, dan pemanfaatan Bumdes dapat meningkatkan pembangunan desa. Namun, permasalahan komunikasi, pembangunan terhadap Bumdes harus lebih ditingkatkan. Salah satu Bumdes yang diambil pada penulisan ini ialah Bumdes di Kecamatan Sidikalang. Metode yang dilakukan yakni metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan data berupa peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan topik peneliti. Hasil penelitian pertama bahwa komunikasi pembangunan harus dilaksakanakan dalam pemberdayaan Bumdes di seluruh wilayah Indonesia, dan khususnya di Kecamatan Sidikalang. Hasil penelitian kedua adalah musyawarah desa adalah komunikasi pembangunan yang berbentuk kearifan lokal yang bertujuan untuk memecahkan masalahyang terjadi, baik masalah pendanaan, penjualan, hingga manajemen Bumdes. Simpulan penelitian ini adalahBumdes memiliki peranan penting untuk pembangunan desa dan kesejahteraan masyarakat desa.