bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Efficiency and Intrinsic Stability of Large‐Area Blade‐Coated Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells Through Strain Release
Authors: Pu Dexin , Zhou Shun , Guan Hongling , Jia Peng , Chen Guoyi , Fang Hongyi , Fu Shiqiang , Wang Chen , Hushvaktov Hakim , Jumabaev Abduvakhid , Meng Weiwei , Wang Xingzhu , Fang Guojia , Ke Weijun
Published: January 2024

The realization of efficient large‐area perovskite solar cells stands as a pivotal milestone for propelling their future commercial viability. However, the upscaling fabrication of perovskite solar cells is hampered by efficiency losses, and the underlying growth mechanism remains enigmatic. Here, it is unveiled that a prevalent upscaling technology, namely blade‐coating, inherently triggers top‐down inhomogeneity strains, predominantly concentrated on the surface of wide‐bandgap perovskite films. Through strain mitigation strategies, the perovskite films exhibit reduced halide vacancies, leading to enhanced stability and improved optoelectronic characteristics. Consequently, the blade‐coated perovskite solar cells achieve minimal efficiency loss when transitioning from small‐area to large‐area devices, enabling the realization of 1 cm2‐area 1.77 eV‐bandgap cells with a remarkable efficiency of 18.71%. Additionally, the strain‐relieved device exhibits an exceptional 109% retention of its initial efficiency even after 400 h of continuous operation, in stark contrast to the control device which experiences a decline to 91%. Furthermore, the resulting 4‐terminal all‐perovskite tandem solar cells crafted utilizing blade‐coated 1.77 eV‐bandgap subcells achieve a maximum efficiency of 27.64% (stabilized at 27.28%). This study not only sheds light on the intricacies of upscaling preparation techniques but also overcomes potential obstacles that can impede the trajectory toward achieving large‐scale perovskite solar cells.
Designing Electrolytes with Steric Hindrance and Film‐Forming Booster for High‐Voltage Potassium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yu Zhenlu , Fan Ke , Liu Qun , Wang Danni , Chen Changsheng , Zhu Ye , Huang Haitao , Zhang Biao
Published: January 2024

Potassium metal batteries coupling with high‐voltage manganese hexacyanoferrate (MnHCF) cathodes are promising candidates for energy storage devices. Ethers are the primary electrolyte solvent candidates for reversible potassium metal anodes, but their poor oxidative stability at high voltage restricts the application. Taking advantage of the steric hindrance, a dilute (1 m) non‐fluorinated ether with extended alkyl groups is designed to reduce the solvation capability to K ions, thus suppressing the solvent decomposition and tailoring the interphase composition on both cathode and anode sides. The accompanying high viscosity associated with the long alkyl groups can be readily resolved by incorporating an S‐containing additive, which further boosts the oxidative stability to 4.6 V. Furthermore, the additive contributes to the S‐rich organic species among the interphases that inhibit the metal dissolution of the cathode and induce the homogenous K deposition through promoted kinetics. Benefiting from the stable interphases and restricted side reactions, the dilute non‐fluorinated ether‐based electrolyte enables the stable cycling of MnHCF||K cell for over 200 cycles with a high Coulombic efficiency of over 99.4% under a negative/positive capacity ratio of 4.
In Situ Reconstruction of High‐Entropy Heterostructure Catalysts for Stable Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis under Industrial Conditions
Authors: Hu Jue , Guo Tianqi , Zhong Xinyu , Li Jiong , Mei Yunjie , Zhang Chengxu , Feng Yuebin , Sun Mingzi , Meng Lijian , Wang Zhiyuan , Huang Bolong , Zhang Libo , Wang Zhongchang
Published: January 2024

Despite of urgent needs for highly stable and efficient electrochemical water‐splitting devices, it remains extremely challenging to acquire highly stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts under harsh industrial conditions. Here, a successful in situ synthesis of FeCoNiMnCr high‐entropy alloy (HEA) and high‐entropy oxide (HEO) heterocatalysts via a Cr‐induced spontaneous reconstruction strategy is reported, and it is demonstrated that they deliver excellent ultrastable OER electrocatalytic performance with a low overpotential of 320 mV at 500 mA cm−2 and a negligible activity loss after maintaining at 100 mA cm−2 for 240 h. Remarkably, the heterocatalyst holds outstanding long‐term stability under harsh industrial condition of 6 m KOH and 85 °C at a current density of as high as 500 mA cm−2 over 500 h. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the formation of the HEA‐HEO heterostructure can provide electroactive sites possessing robust valence states to guarantee long‐term stable OER process, leading to the enhancement of electroactivity. The findings of such highly stable OER heterocatalysts under industrial conditions offer a new perspective for designing and constructing efficient high‐entropy electrocatalysts for practical industrial water splitting.
Efficient Ultra‐Narrowband OLEDs Based on Carbazole‐Fused Dual‐Boron Embedded Multi‐Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials
Authors: Hu Jia‐Jun , Wei Yi , Wang Xiang‐Zhi , Liang Xiao , Liao Xiang‐Ji , Yuan Li , Ni Hua‐Xiu , Zheng You‐Xuan
Published: January 2024

The development of efficient multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) materials with ultra‐narrowband emission presents an ongoing challenge. In this work, a carbazole‐fused dual‐boron embedded MR‐TADF framework is proposed, achieving three emitters, CFDBO, CFDBA, and CFDBCz, via one‐shot borylation with very high yields of over 70%. The emitters display ultra‐narrowband blue emission with peaks ranging from 452 to 479 nm and small full width at half maximum (FWHM) values of only 16–18 nm in dilute toluene solutions. Furthermore, the organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) incorporating CFDBO exhibits pure‐blue emission with a peak of 460 nm and Commission International de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.14, 0.12). Meanwhile, OLEDs incorporating CFDBA/CFDBCz demonstrate remarkable performances with high external quantum efficiencies of 30.9%/32.4% and exceptionally slender FWHM values of 21/22 nm, representing outstanding performances among reported MR‐TADF materials.
Regioselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Carbazoles from Indoles and Simple 1,4‐Dicarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Santos Hugo , Zeoly Lucas A. , Rebechi Rafael , Arantes João , Coelho Fernando , Rodrigues Manoel T.
Published: January 2024

Polysubstituted carbazoles were efficiently synthesized through direct benzannulation reaction between 1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds and indoles with catalytic amount of inexpensive zirconium(IV) chloride. This transformation proved to be regioselective and furnishes 1,4‐disubstituted and 1,2,4‐trisubstituted carbazoles with yields ranging from 26% to 91% and broad substrate scope. Moreover, this protocol benefits from using readily accessible starting materials without the need of their pre‐functionalization. The synthetic utility of the products was exemplified by functionalization of an iodocarbazole by means of Suzuki‐Miyaura reactions and by the synthesis of a 3‐deaza‐derivative of the natural product canthin‐6‐one.
New Progresses in Efficient, Selective, and Environmentally Friendly Recovery of Valuable Metal from e‐Waste and Industrial Catalysts
Authors: Zheng Shiqin , Yang Shiwei , Chen Jiangyi , Wu Dong , Qi Bowen , Zhang Chenyang , Deng Wen , Li Jinwei , Mei Tao , Wang Shimin , Wan Li
Published: January 2024

Recycling metals from waste materials has become a major approach to metal resource utilization, with electronic waste (e‐waste) and waste catalysts being the most important recycling resources. Although traditional recovery technologies (pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy) have a recovery efficiency of up to 100%, they have disadvantages of high energy consumption, high cost, and strong corrosiveness. Most importantly, they cannot achieve selective leaching. To address these issues, some fusion technologies have been developed. Electrodeposition has significant advantages in separating and purifying each metal, but if applied on a large scale in industry, it requires higher energy consumption. While photocatalytic technology has low energy consumption but low selectivity, hence further exploration is needed. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) materials have great selectivity for metal ions, which are environmentally friendly and efficient, and a promising new material. Some recently typical recovery methods for six valuable metals, platinum (Pt), gold (Au), silver (Ag), lithium (Li), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co) in e‐waste and industrial catalysts are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of each method as well as their impact on the leaching efficiency and selectivity of different metals are also compared, aiming to provide useful guidance for further continuously advancing the research on efficient, selective, environmentally friendly metal recycling in the future.
Leaky Integrate‐and‐Fire Neuron Based on Organic Electrochemical Transistor for Spiking Neural Networks with Temporal‐Coding
Authors: Zhu Yuanyuan , Wan Xiang , Yan Jie , Zhu Li , Li Run , Tan Cheeleong , Yu Zhihao , Sun Liuyang , Yan Shanchen , Xu Yong , Sun Huabin
Published: January 2024

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) employ discrete spikes that mimic the firing of neurons in biological systems to process and transmit information. This characteristic enables SNNs to effectively capture temporal dynamics and capitalize on the time information inherent in time‐varying inputs, such as motion, audio/video streams, and other sequential data. Currently, most hardware implementations of SNNs are designed to use rate‐coding, where information is encoded in the rate of spikes. However, it still remains challenging for the hardware implementation of temporal coding in SNNs, which allows for higher input sparsity and exploits additional dimensions such as precise spike timing and relative spike timings. This study presents hardware implementations of SNNs constructed by organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), processing temporal‐coded information. The protic dynamics in response to electrical stimuli enable the emulation of temporal integration, reset, and leaking of membrane potential in a simple leaky integrate‐and‐fire (LIF) neuron circuit. By utilizing these features, the emulated LIF neuron can be employed to construct SNNs capable of processing temporal‐coded information in complex tasks including coincidence detection and dynamic handwriting recognition, exhibiting high performance and good tolerance even when dealing with noisy datasets.
Graphene Nanoplatelet Integrated Thermally Drawn PVDF Triboelectric Nanocomposite Fibers for Extreme Environmental Conditions
Authors: Sadeque Md Sazid Bin , Rahman Mahmudur , Hasan Md Mehdi , Ordu Mustafa
Published: January 2024

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) utilize the synergetic effect of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction to guide electrons through an external circuit, enabling low‐frequency mechanical and biomechanical energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing. Integrating 2D material with a high specific surface area into flexible ferroelectric polymers such as polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) has proven to be an efficient strategy to improve the performance of TENG devices. Scalable fabrication of graphene‐integrated PVDF nanocomposite fiber using thermal drawing process is demonstrated for the first time in this study. The open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current show 1.41 times and 1.48 times improvement with the integration of 5% graphene in the PVDF fibers, respectively. The TENG fabric shows a maximum power output of 32.14 µW at a matching load of 7 MΩ and a power density of 53.57 mW m−2. The fibers exhibit excellent stability in harsh environmental conditions such as alkaline medium, high/low temperature, multi‐washing cycle, and long‐time usage.
A Flexible Surgical Robot with Hemispherical Magnet Array Steering and Embedded Piezoelectric Beacon for Ultrasonic Position Sensing
Authors: Ju Feng , Gu Xinfeng , Chen Bai , Sun Xiaoyu , Shen Zhiyuan , Drinkwater Bruce W. , Ding Liping
Published: January 2024

This article proposes a flexible surgical robot featuring strong magnetic steering achieved by a hemispherical magnet array actuation, and high‐accuracy ultrasonic position sensing achieved by a beacon total focusing method (b‐TFM). The hemispherical magnet array with magnetic focusing is described and its array parameters are optimized through finite element analysis to increase the magnetic field for actuation. The magnetic field strength at 100 mm for the array with the same mass as the cylindrical magnet is about 1.8 times higher than that of the cylindrical magnet. Using the magnet array actuation, the flexible robot exhibits the capability of agile steering to navigate along a predefined trajectory. In addition, a 1 mm × 1 mm lead zirconate titanate (PZT) patch is embedded into the tip of the flexible robot as a beacon for b‐TFM ultrasonic imaging to detect the position of the robot. Therefore, the entire navigation process can be executed under the supervision of the ultrasonic position sensing system, and the maximum error is 0.8 mm when the steering radius is 100 mm.
Further evidence that the neurodevelopmental gene FBXW7 predisposes to Wilms tumor
Authors: Meier‐Abt Fabienne , Kraemer Dennis , Braun Nils , Reinehr Michael , Stutz‐Grunder Eveline , Steindl Katharina , Rauch Anita
Published: January 2024

Somatic variants in the NOTCH pathway regulator FBXW7 are frequently seen in a variety of malignancies. Heterozygous loss‐of‐function germline variants in FBXW7 have recently been described as causative for a neurodevelopmental syndrome. Independently, FBXW7 was also considered as a susceptibility gene for Wilms tumor due to a few observations of heterozygous germline variants in patients with Wilms tumor. Whether the same FBXW7 variants are implicated in both, neurodevelopmental delay and Wilms tumor formation, remained unclear. By clinical testing, we now observed a patient with neurodevelopmental delay due to a de novo constitutional mosaic FBXW7 splice site pathogenic variant who developed Wilms tumor. In the tumor, we identified a second hit frameshift variant in FBXW7. Immunohistochemical staining was consistent with mosaic loss of FBXW7 protein expression in the tumor. Our data support the role of constitutional FBXW7 pathogenic variants in both, neurodevelopmental disorder and the etiology of Wilms tumor. Therefore, Wilms tumor screening should be considered in individuals with constitutional or germline pathogenic variants in FBXW7 and associated neurodevelopmental syndrome.
Intermittent Emission of Particles from a Bose‐Einstein Condensate in a 1D Lattice
Authors: Lai Long‐Quan , Li Zhao , Liu Quan‐Hui , Yu Ya‐Bin
Published: January 2024

Particle emission from a Bose‐Einstein condensate with periodically modulated interactions is investigated in a 1D lattice. Within perturbative analysis, which leads to instabilities for discrete modes, the main regimes are obtained where the system can emit a large particle jet, and the distinctly intermittent rather than continuous emission is found. The time evolution of the trapped particles exhibits a stair‐like decay, and a larger drive induces a more significant intermittency. This study further sheds light on the dynamics of the stimulating process, and demonstrates that instead of a real suspension, the intermittency represents a build‐up stage of the system. The theoretical framework might be generalized to the explorations on multiple‐site systems with analogous configurations and couplings, and offer new insights into other fundamental nonequilibrium problems.
Bioinspired Self‐Assembly of Metalloporphyrins and Polyelectrolytes into Hierarchical Supramolecular Nanostructures for Enhanced Photocatalytic H2 Production in Water
Authors: Tang Qingxuan , Han Yifei , Chen Lingxuan , Qi Qiaoyan , Yu Junlai , Yu Shang‐Bo , Yang Bo , Wang Hao‐Yang , Zhang Jiangshan , Xie Song‐Hai , Tian Feng , Xie Zhenhua , Jiang Hanqiu , Ke Yubin , Yang Guanyu , Li Zhan‐Ting , Tian Jia
Published: January 2024

Polypeptides, as natural polyelectrolytes, are assembled into tailored proteins to integrate chromophores and catalytic sites for photosynthesis. Mimicking nature to create the water‐soluble nanoassemblies from synthetic polyelectrolytes and photocatalytic molecular species for artificial photosynthesis is still rare. Here, we report the enhancement of the full‐spectrum solar‐light‐driven H2 production within a supramolecular system built by the co‐assembly of anionic metalloporphyrins with cationic polyelectrolytes in water. This supramolecular photocatalytic system achieves a H2 production rate of 793 and 685 μmol h−1 g−1 over 24 h with a combination of Mg or Zn porphyrin as photosensitizers and Cu porphyrin as a catalyst, which is more than 23 times higher than that of free molecular controls. With a photosensitizer to catalyst ratio of 10000 : 1, the highest H2 production rate of >51,700 μmol h−1 g−1 with a turnover number (TON) of >1,290 per molecular catalyst was achieved over 24 h irradiation. The hierarchical self‐assembly not only enhances photostability through forming ordered stackings of the metalloporphyrins but also facilitates both energy and electron transfer from antenna molecules to catalysts, and therefore promotes the photocatalysis. This study provides structural and mechanistic insights into the self‐assembly enhanced photostability and catalytic performance of supramolecular photocatalytic systems.
Active Diluent‐Anion Synergy Strategy Regulating Nonflammable Electrolytes for High‐Efficiency Li Metal Batteries
Authors: He Ran , Deng Kuirong , Mo Daize , Guan Xiongcong , Hu Yuanyuan , Yang Kai , Yan Zhenhua , Xie Haijiao
Published: January 2024

High‐energy Li metal batteries (LMBs) consisting of Li metal anodes and high‐voltage cathodes are promising candidates of the next generation energy‐storage systems owing to their ultrahigh energy density. However, it is still challenging to develop high‐voltage nonflammable electrolytes with superior anode and cathode compatibility for LMBs. Here, we propose an active diluent‐anion synergy strategy to achieve outstanding compatibility with Li metal anodes and high‐voltage cathodes by using 1,2‐difluorobenzene (DFB) with high activity for yielding LiF as an active diluent to regulate nonflammable dimethylacetamide (DMAC)‐based localized high concentration electrolyte (LHCE‐DFB). DFB and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI−) anion cooperate to construct robust LiF‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI), which effectively stabilize DMAC from intrinsic reactions with Li metal anode and enhance the interfacial stability of the Li metal anodes and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathodes. LHCE‐DFB enables ultrahigh Coulombic efficiency (98.7 %), dendrite‐free, extremely stable and long‐term cycling of Li metal anodes in Li || Cu cells and Li || Li cells. The fabricated NCM811 || Li cells with LHCE‐DFB display remarkably enhanced long‐term cycling stability and excellent rate capability. This work provides a promising active diluent‐anion synergy strategy for designing high‐voltage electrolytes for high‐energy batteries.
In situ Implanting 3D Carbon Network Reinforced Zinc Composite by Powder Metallurgy for Highly Reversible Zn‐based Battery Anodes
Authors: Wang Jingxian , Zhang Hong , Yang Lizhuang , Zhang Shiyu , Han Xiaopeng , Hu Wenbin
Published: January 2024

Aqueous Zn‐based batteries have emerged as compelling candidates for grid‐scale energy storage, owing to their intrinsic safety, remarkable theoretical energy density and cost‐effectiveness. Nonetheless, the dendrite formation, side reactions, and corrosion on anode have overshadowed their practical applications. Herein, we present an in situ grown carbon network reinforcing Zn matrix anode prepared by powder metallurgy. This carbon network provides an uninterrupted internal electron transport pathway and optimize the surface electric field distribution, thereby enabling highly reversible Zn deposition. Consequently, symmetrical cells demonstrate impressive stability, running for over 880 h with a low voltage hysteresis (≈32 mV). Furthermore, this Zn matrix composite anode exhibits enhanced performance in both the aqueous Zn‐ion and the Zn‐air batteries. Notably, Zn//MnO2 cells display superior rate capabilities, while Zn‐air batteries deliver high power density and impressive Zn utilization rate (84.9 %). This work provides a new idea of powder metallurgy method for modified Zn anodes, showcasing potential for large‐scale production.
Regulating Perovskite Crystallization through Interfacial Engineering Using a Zwitterionic Additive Potassium Sulfamate for Efficient Pure‐Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Yu Yi , Wang Bing‐Feng , Shen Yang , Su Zhen‐Huang , Zhang Kai , Ren Hao , Zhang Ye‐Fan , Gao Xingyu , Tang Jian‐Xin , Li Yan‐Qing
Published: January 2024

Quasi‐two‐dimensional (quasi‐2D) perovskites are emerging as efficient emitters in blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), while the imbalanced crystallization of the halide‐mixed system limits further improvements in device performance. The rapid crystallization caused by Cl doping produces massive defects at the interface, leading to aggravated non‐radiative recombination. Meanwhile, unmanageable perovskite crystallization is prone to facilitate the formation of nonuniform low‐dimensional phases, which results in energy loss during the exciton transfer process. Here, we propose a multifunctional interface engineering for nucleation and phase regulation by incorporating the zwitterionic additive potassium sulfamate into the hole transport layer. By using potassium ions (K+) as heterogeneous nucleation seeds, finely controlled growth of interfacial K+‐guided grains is achieved. The sulfamate ions can simultaneously regulate the phase distribution and passivate defects through coordination interactions with undercoordinated lead atoms. Consequently, such synergistic effect constructs quasi‐2D blue perovskite films with smooth energy landscape and reduced trap states, leading to pure‐blue PeLEDs with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17.32 %, spectrally stable emission at 478 nm and the prolonged operational lifetime. This work provides a unique guide to comprehensively regulate the halide‐mixed blue perovskite crystallization by manipulating the characteristics of grain‐growth substrate.
Noncommutative branch‐cut quantum gravity with a self‐coupling inflation scalar field: Dynamical equations
Authors: Hess Peter O. , Weber Fridolin , Bodmann Benno , de Freitas Pacheco José , Hadjimichef Dimiter , Netz‐Marzola Marcelo , Naysinger Geovane , Razeira Moisés , Zen Vasconcellos César A.
Published: January 2024

This article focuses on a recently developed formulation based on the noncommutative branch‐cut cosmology, the Wheeler‐DeWitt (WdW) equation, the Hořava–Lifshitz quantum gravity, chaotic and the coupling of the corresponding Lagrangian approach with the inflaton scalar field. Assuming a mini‐superspace of variables obeying the noncommutative Poisson algebra, we examine the impact of the inflaton scalar field on the evolutionary dynamics of the branch‐cut Universe scale factor, characterized by the dimensionless helix‐like function . This scale factor characterizes a Riemannian foliated spacetime that topologically overcomes the primordial singularities. We take the Hořava–Lifshitz action modeled by branch‐cut quantum gravity as our starting point, which depends on the scalar curvature of the branched Universe and its derivatives and which preserves the diffeomorphism property of General Relativity, maintaining compatibility with the Arnowitt–Deser–Misner formalism. We then investigate the sensitivity of the scale factor of the branch‐cut Universe's dynamics.
Energy Efficient and Fast Charging Nitrogen Doped Carbon Anodes Derived from BIAN‐melamine Based Porous Organic Polymer for Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Mantripragada Bharat Srimitra , Patnaik Ms. Kottisa Sumala , Higashimine Koichi , Badam Rajashekar , Matsumi Noriyoshi
Published: January 2024

Fast charging anodes for lithium‐ion batteries are most sought‐after materials currently, owing to the increasing energy requirements of the world. In this context, carbonaceous materials are found to deliver faster kinetic performance in lithium‐ion batteries. In this study, a single source of carbon and nitrogen was used as a precursor material to synthesize N‐doped carbon (PyPBM600 and PyPBM800). The effect of synthetic conditions on the morphology of the material and in turn on the electrochemical properties is presented. Anodic half‐cells with PyPBM600 and PyPBM800 anodes showed excellent rate capability and capacity till 4 A/g for over 1000 cycles. Furthermore, full cell fabricated with PyPBM800 delivered extremely fast charging characteristics with 15‐minute charging time, a reversible capacity of 1.2 mAh with a columbic efficiency of 99.8 % and an enticing voltage and energy efficiencies of 90 % for 300 cycles.
Water pipe smoking and stroke: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bagherpour‐Kalo Mehrdad , Jones Michael E , Darabi Parvaneh , Hosseini Mostafa
Published: January 2024

Objective

Despite the damaging effects of water pipe on physical health, there is little information about the potential harmful effects of this tobacco on stroke. This study aims to investigate the relationship between water pipe smoking and stroke.

Method

A systematic review was conducted including Ovid SP, Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases with focus on cohort, case–control, and cross‐sectional studies. We reviewed all studies reporting on water pipe smoking and stroke. The funnel plot and the Egger regression test were used to assess publication bias.

Results

In the four eligible studies, there were a total of 2759 participants that 555 patients had at least once experienced stroke. Meta‐analysis revealed positive association between water pipe smoking and stroke with pooled adjusted OR 2.79 (95% CI: 1.74–3.84; ) and the funnel plot shows asymmetry publication bias.

Conclusions

We found a higher effect of water pipe smoking on stroke compared to cigarette smoking and concluded that water pipe increases the risk of stroke by 2.79. Hence, because most of the water pipe consumer society is young, especially women, policies and decisions need to be taken to control the supply of this tobacco to the market and more provide education on the health problem of water pipe smoking.

Implications

This study provides a higher effect of water pipe smoking on stroke. Physicians and researchers who intend to study in the field of stroke should better examine the effects of water pipe (including time of use, dose–response, long‐term effects, and risk factors) on stroke.
Unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis and complete brachial plexus injury in a complex birth injury: A rare case report mimicking Tarlov cyst and review of literature
Authors: Najib Khadijeh sadat , Razavinejad Seyyed Mostajab , Yarmahmoodi Fatemeh , Barzegar Hamide
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical Message

The rare occurrence of Tarlov cysts in pediatric patients, particularly in the context of complex birth injuries, necessitates thorough evaluation and tailored management approaches. A comprehensive understanding of the clinical significance and optimal treatment strategies for this unique combination is crucial to ensure effective and individualized care for affected children.
Concomitant uterus agenesia and Marfan syndrome with systemic sclerosis: A rare case report
Authors: Ebrahimi Aliasghar , Panahi Padideh , Tekantapeh Sepideh Tahsini
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical Message

It seems that the association of two connective tissue disorders, including Marfan syndrome and systemic sclerosis, the first is associated with the loosening of the subcutaneous tissue and the second with its tightening, is a very interesting and controversial paradox at the same time and need finding possible genetic etiologies.
Demonstration of a small‐scale power generator using supercritical CO2
Authors: Li Ligeng , Tian Hua , Lin Xin , Zeng Xianyu , Wang Yurong , Zhuge Weilin , Shi Lingfeng , Wang Xuan , Liang Xingyu , Shu Gequn
Published: January 2024

The supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycle could improve efficiencies for a wide range of thermal power plants. The sCO2 turbine generator plays an important role in the sCO2 power cycle by directly converting thermal energy into mechanical work and electric power. The operation of the generator encounters challenges, including high temperature, high pressure, high rotational speed, and other engineering problems, such as leakage. Experimental studies of sCO2 turbines are insufficient because of the significant difficulties in turbine manufacturing and system construction. Unlike most experimental investigations that primarily focus on 100 kW‐ or MW‐scale power generation systems, we consider, for the first time, a small‐scale power generator using sCO2. A partial admission axial turbine was designed and manufactured with a rated rotational speed of 40,000 rpm, and a CO2 transcritical power cycle test loop was constructed to validate the performance of our manufactured generator. A resistant gas was proposed in the constructed turbine expander to solve the leakage issue. Both dynamic and steady performances were investigated. The results indicated that a peak electric power of 11.55 kW was achieved at 29,369 rpm. The maximum total efficiency of the turbo‐generator was 58.98%, which was affected by both the turbine rotational speed and pressure ratio, according to the proposed performance map.
Vertical plane depth‐resolved surface potential and carrier separation characteristics in flexible CZTSSe solar cells with over 12% efficiency
Authors: Son Dae‐Ho , Park Ha Kyung , Kim Dae‐Hwan , Kang Jin‐Kyu , Sung Shi‐Joon , Hwang Dae‐Kue , Lee Jaebaek , Jeon Dong‐Hwan , Cho Yunae , Jo William , Lee Taeseon , Kim JunHo , Nam Sang‐Hoon , Yang Kee‐Jeong
Published: January 2024

Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells have resource distribution and economic advantages. The main cause of their low efficiency is carrier loss resulting from recombination of photo‐generated electron and hole. To overcome this, it is important to understand their electron‐hole behavior characteristics. To determine the carrier separation characteristics, we measured the surface potential and the local current in terms of the absorber depth. The elemental variation in the intragrains (IGs) and at the grain boundaries (GBs) caused a band edge shift and bandgap (Eg) change. At the absorber surface and subsurface, an upward Ec and Ev band bending structure was observed at the GBs, and the carrier separation was improved. At the absorber center, both upward Ec and Ev and downward Ec‐upward Ev band bending structures were observed at the GBs, and the carrier separation was degraded. To improve the carrier separation and suppress carrier recombination, an upward Ec and Ev band bending structure at the GBs is desirable.
Highly selective photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CH4 on electron‐rich Fe species cocatalyst under visible light irradiation
Authors: Lin Qianying , Zhao Jiwu , Zhang Pu , Wang Shuo , Wang Ying , Zhang Zizhong , Wen Na , Ding Zhengxin , Yuan Rusheng , Wang Xuxu , Long Jinlin
Published: January 2024

Efficient photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to high‐calorific‐value CH4, an ideal target product, is a blueprint for C1 industry relevance and carbon neutrality, but it also faces great challenges. Herein, we demonstrate unprecedented hybrid SiC photocatalysts modified by Fe‐based cocatalyst, which are prepared via a facile impregnation‐reduction method, featuring an optimized local electronic structure. It exhibits a superior photocatalytic carbon‐based products yield of 30.0 µmol g−1 h−1 and achieves a record CH4 selectivity of up to 94.3%, which highlights the effectiveness of electron‐rich Fe cocatalyst for boosting photocatalytic performance and selectivity. Specifically, the synergistic effects of directional migration of photogenerated electrons and strong π‐back bonding on low‐valence Fe effectively strengthen the adsorption and activation of reactants and intermediates in the CO2 → CH4 pathway. This study inspires an effective strategy for enhancing the multielectron reduction capacity of semiconductor photocatalysts with low‐cost Fe instead of noble metals as cocatalysts.
Color sorting and color term evolution
Authors: Lindsey Delwin T. , Brown Angela M. , Violette Aimee N. , Lange Ryan , Deshpande Prutha S.
Published: January 2024

When participants sort color samples into piles, Boster showed that their color groupings can resemble the “stages” of Kay and McDaniel's model of color term evolution. Boster concluded that both the unfolding of color piles in a sequential color sorting task and the unfolding of color terms according to Kay and McDaniel's model reveal how human beings understand color. If this is correct, then: (1) pile sorts should be reasonably robust across variations in the palette of colors to be sorted, as long as the palette contains good examples of Berlin and Kay's universal color categories, and (2) pile‐sorting should be more related to lexical effects and less related to perceptual processes governed by similarity judgments alone. We report three studies on English speakers and Somali speakers (Study 1 only), where participants sorted colors into 2…6 piles. The three studies used varying numbers of palette colors (25, 30, or 145 colors) and varying chromaticity schemes (mainly hue, widely‐separated in hue and lightness, or densely distributed at high chroma). We compared human sorting behavior to Kay and McDaniel's model and to the “optimal” patterns of color sorting predicted by Regier's well‐formedness statistic, which quantifies the perceived similarity between colors. Neither hypothesis is confirmed by the results of our studies. We propose that color sorts are determined by pragmatic influences based on heuristics that are inspired by the palette of colors that are available and the task that the viewer is asked to perform.
Population Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Romiplostim Biosimilar GP40141 and Reference Product in Healthy Volunteers to Evaluate Biosimilarity
Authors: Makarenko Igor , Petrov Aleksandr , Belova Bella , Saparova Valeria , Arefeva Anna , Peskov Kirill , Kudryashova Nataliya , Khokhlov Alexandr , Drai Roman
Published: January 2024

GP40141 is a romiplostim biosimilar. A Phase 1 clinical trial was previously conducted in healthy volunteers to evaluate the pharmacodynamics (PD), pharmacokinetics (PK), and safety of GP40141 compared to the reference romiplostim (NCT05652595). Using noncompartmental analysis, the biosimilarity of PD end points was determined according to the classical criterion (0.8‐1.25). PK end points were also in good agreement between GP40141 and the reference romiplostim; however, the confidence interval for the area under concentration‐time curve from time 0 to the time of last measurement was slightly out of the bioequivalence range (0.91‐1.29). Population PK/PD was used in the present study to characterize the individual PK and PD data of 56 healthy subjects in 2 cross‐over periods of the Phase 1 clinical trial. Body weight and neutralizing antibodies to romiplostim were found to be important predictors of apparent volume of distribution and linear elimination constant, respectively. Within the framework of the conducted modeling, population estimates of PK/PD parameters were obtained, which were in agreement with literature data for the reference romiplostim. Additionally, values of intersubject variability, previously unreported for romiplostim in a healthy subject population, were derived. Covariate analysis, conducted during model development, as well as visual diagnostics and model‐based simulations, demonstrated the absence of significant differences in PK and PD between GP40141 and romiplostim‐ref.
Practical organic batteries: Concepts to realize high mass loading with high performance
Authors: Guo Haoyu , Wang Chengliang
Published: January 2024

Organic electrode materials (OEMs) have been well developed in recent years. However, the practical applications of OEMs have not been paid sufficient attention. The concept here focused on one of the essential aspects for practical applications, i. e., high mass loading of active materials. This paper summarizes the challenges posed by high‐mass loading of active materials in organic batteries and discusses the possible solutions in terms of organic electrode materials, conductive additives, electrode structures, and electrolytes or battery systems. We hope this concept can stimulate more attention to practical applications of organic batteries towards industry from lab.
Beyond Planar Structure: Curved π‐Conjugated Molecules for High‐Performing and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xing Zhou , Li Shu‐Hui , An Ming‐Wei , Yang Shihe
Published: January 2024

Perovskite solar cell (PSC) shows a great potential to become the next‐generation photovoltaic technology, which has stimulated researchers to engineer materials and to innovate device architectures for promoting device performance and stability. As the power conversion efficiency (PCE) keeps advancing, the importance of exploring multifunctional materials for the PSCs has been increasingly recognized. Considerable attention has been directed to the design and synthesis of novel organic π‐conjugated molecules, particularly the emerging curved ones, which can perform various unmatched functions for PSCs. In this review, the characteristics of three representative such curved π‐conjugated molecules (fullerene, corannulene and helicene) and the recent progress concerning the application of these molecules in state‐of‐the‐art PSCs are summarized and discussed holistically. With this discussion, we hope to provide a fresh perspective on the structure‐property relation of these unique materials toward high‐performance and high‐stability PSCs.
The potential of mangosteen peel as a biosorbent: A review
Authors: Harimawan Ardiyan , Shofinita Dian , Valentino Vincent , Jesica  , Achmadi Amarthya Benigna
Published: January 2024

The high productivity of mangosteen and its utilization in various industries produce the mangosteen peel as a waste of the process. Mangosteen peel as a lignocellulose‐based material has great potential to be utilized as a biosorbent, especially in the separation process of wastewater pollutants. Previous studies on mangosteen peel biosorbent are limited to the adsorption of heavy metal ions, dyes, and CO2 separation process. These studies show that the separation efficiency can reach above 90%, which indicates the potential to be expanded for the usage of other compounds as the adsorbate. The gradual diffusion process of adsorbate molecules into biosorbent pores depends specifically on the suitability of the materials and the operating conditions of the adsorption process. Materials suitability can be modified by the biosorbent pretreatment process to enhance its adsorption capacity. The mangosteen peel biosorbent, which still performs well in the adsorption process even after being regenerated for a few cycles, is an added value for its potential to be utilized as a biosorbent in various applications because it can reduce costs and process waste; also expand the possibility to reuse the desorbed adsorbate compound.
The effect of sourdough, turnips, and butternut squash on the physicochemical and nutritional properties of Doowina functional food during fermentation
Authors: Bahrami Sahar , Davati Nafiseh , Noshirvani Nooshin
Published: January 2024

The dairy–cereal‐based food, known as Doowina, is one of the traditional fermented foods in Iran. We aimed to improve the health‐promoting properties of Doowina by using turnips, butternut squash, and sourdough as a new functional food with high nutritional value and antioxidant activity. Therefore, the physicochemical, microbial, and sensory properties of samples with nutritional supplements (8% turnip and 8% butternut squash) and different concentrations of sourdough (0, 0.5, and 1%) were studied during 0, 3, 6, and 9 days of fermentation time. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p < .05) in the moisture and ash content between the different formulations of Doowina. There was also no significant difference (p < .05) in the phenolic compound content and antioxidant activity of the Doowina samples during the fermentation period. However, the number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) increased significantly (p < .05) until the 6th day of fermentation, and the protein content decreased significantly (p < .05) in all samples during the fermentation period. According to the results, the samples with butternut squash and sourdough had the highest total phenolic content, the highest antioxidant activity, the highest linoleic acid content, and the highest sensory rating of all samples.
Fast and reliable reduced‐order models for cardiac electrophysiology
Authors: Chellappa Sridhar , Cansız Barış , Feng Lihong , Benner Peter , Kaliske Michael
Published: January 2024

Mathematical models of the human heart increasingly play a vital role in understanding the working mechanisms of the heart, both under healthy functioning and during disease. The ultimate aim is to aid medical practitioners diagnose and treat the many ailments affecting the heart. Towards this, modeling cardiac electrophysiology is crucial as the heart's electrical activity underlies the contraction mechanism and the resulting pumping action. Apart from modeling attempts, the pursuit of efficient, reliable, and fast solution algorithms has been of great importance in this context. The governing equations and the constitutive laws describing the electrical activity in the heart are coupled, nonlinear, and involve a fast moving wave front, which is generally solved by the finite element method. The numerical treatment of this complex system as part of a virtual heart model is challenging due to the necessity of fine spatial and temporal resolution of the domain. Therefore, efficient surrogate models are needed to predict the electrical activity in the heart under varying parameters and inputs much faster than the finely resolved models. In this work, we develop an adaptive, projection‐based reduced‐order surrogate model for cardiac electrophysiology. We introduce an a posteriori error estimator that can accurately and efficiently quantify the accuracy of the surrogate model. Using the error estimator, we systematically update our surrogate model through a greedy search of the parameter space. Furthermore, using the error estimator, the parameter search space is dynamically updated such that the most relevant samples get chosen at every iteration. The proposed adaptive surrogate model is tested on three benchmark models to illustrate its efficiency, accuracy, and ability of generalization.
Cultural values, parenting and child adjustment in Kenya
Authors: Oburu Paul
Published: January 2024

Children's, mothers' and fathers' reports were used to assess whether mothers' and fathers' individualism, collectivism and conformity values are significantly related to parenting behaviours and child adjustment during middle childhood. A sample of 95 children, 95 mothers and 94 fathers was recruited from Kisumu, Kenya. Our results indicated that controlling for child gender and parents' education, mothers' and fathers' higher collectivism values were associated with higher expectations regarding children's family obligations. Children of mothers who were more individualistic perceived that less was required of them in terms of family obligations. Mothers' conformity values were associated with more maternal and paternal warmth, and higher maternal expectations regarding children's family obligations, controlling for child gender and mothers' education. Mothers' education was significantly associated with more maternal and paternal warmth, more parental knowledge solicitation and higher paternal expectations regarding children's family obligations. Fathers' and mothers' individualism was associated with lower expectations regarding children's family obligations. Fathers' individualism was positively correlated with knowledge solicitation and more rules/limit‐setting. Fathers' higher conformity values were correlated with more maternal warmth, more paternal warmth, more knowledge solicitation and mothers' and fathers' higher expectations regarding children's family obligations.
Parenteral Nutrition in Preterm Infants
Authors: Bürger U. , Wolf H. , Fritsch U. , Bauer M.
Published: January 2024

Thirty‐three premature infants receiving parenteral nutrition during the first 5 days of life were divided into three groups. Infants in group I (n = 13) received no ventilatory therapy. Those in groups II (n = 10) and III (n = 10) were intubated and artificially ventilated because of hyaline membrane disease, apnea, or other illness. All infants received glucose, amino acids, fat emulsion, and electrolytes in their total parenteral nutrition regimen. Groups I and II were administered a transfer‐adapted amino acid solution (Aminoplasmal paed 5%) for their protein supplementation, and group III, a so‐called human milk‐adapted solution (Aminovenos 6%). The three groups were compared with respect to amino acid blood level, amino acid excretion, and nitrogen balance. Taurine levels decreased significantly during parenteral nutrition in all three groups. The other amino acids, with a few exceptions, remained within acceptable range. Elevations of serine, proline, and methionine were found in group III after the third day. All three groups exhibited good nitrogen retention. Excretion of amino acids was only about 1%.
Development of Colonic Fluid and Electrolyte Transport
Authors: Finkel Yigael , Aperia Anita , Eklöf Ann‐Christine
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the normal postnatal development of electrolyte and water transport in the large intestines of rats aged 10–20 days, to focus on the events taking place around the time of weaning, and to study the influence of different feeding patterns at the time of weaning on the normal development of the transport mechanisms in the large intestine. The net absorption of sodium, potassium, and water was investigated by using in vivo luminal isotonic perfusion in rats aged 12–40 days. The activity of the active transport enzyme Na‐KATPase in the colonic mucosa of rats aged 10–40 days was determined. We found a significant decrease in the net absorption of electrolytes and water that was greatest around the time of weaning. Since the NaKATPase activity was lower in 10–16‐day‐old rats than in 40‐day‐old rats, we suggest that the high sodium and water uptake in the colon of suckling rats is independent of the sodium pump. Changes in the feeding patterns around the time of weaning, such as prolonged suckling, were associated with a significantly higher net absorption of electrolytes and water than in rats that were normally weaned at 20 days of age. The NaKATPase activity was not significantly influenced by the weaning pattern.