bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Refining the relationships of perfectionism, self‐efficacy, and stress to dieting and binge eating: Examining the appearance, interpersonal, and academic domains
Authors: Cain Angela S. , Bardone‐Cone Anna M. , Abramson Lyn Y. , Vohs Kathleen D. , Joiner Thomas E.
Published: June 2008

Objective:

This study investigated domain‐specific (appearance, interpersonal, and academic) interactive relationships of perfectionism, self‐efficacy, and stress to dieting and binge eating, positing that the level of weight/shape self‐efficacy would be pivotal in identifying elevated dieting versus elevated binge eating.

Method:

Participants were 406 randomly selected undergraduate women. At two time points (T1 and T2), 11 weeks apart, participants completed measures of dieting and binge eating attitudes/behaviors as well as domain‐specific measures of perfectionism and self‐efficacy (e.g., perfectionism related to appearance). Between T1 and T2, participants completed inventories weekly on the previous week's weight/shape, interpersonal, and academic stressors.

Results:

The combination of high interpersonal perfectionism, low interpersonal self‐efficacy, high interpersonal stress, and high weight/shape self‐efficacy was associated with the most elevated dieting. The hypothesized interactions related to the appearance and academic domains where not supported.

Conclusion:

These results highlight the interpersonal context for dieting and the unique relationship between weight/shape self‐efficacy and dieting. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Oxygen Reduction Kinetics of Lanthanum Manganite (LSM) Model Cathodes: Partial Pressure Dependence and Rate‐Limiting Steps
Authors: Fleig J. , Kim H.‐R. , Jamnik J. , Maier J.
Published: June 2008

Sr‐doped LaMnO3 (LSM) thin film microelectrodes prepared by pulsed laser deposition and photolithography on YSZ (yttria stabilised zirconia) electrolytes are investigated by impedance spectroscopy. Oxygen partial pressure (p), microelectrode diameter and microelectrode thickness are varied in order to achieve a mechanistic interpretation of the impedance spectra. By means of an equivalent circuit based on a continuum model a quantitative analysis of the spectra was possible and allowed a separation of the resistances associated with oxygen exchange at the surface of the LSM electrodes and oxide ion transport through the thin film electrodes. At low oxygen partial pressures (mbar range) the surface‐related resistance is rate limiting. On increasing p the transport resistance becomes larger while the surface resistance decreases and a change in the rate‐limiting step can be concluded for high p. Capacitances are interpreted in terms of processes at interfaces and stoichiometry changes in LSM (chemical capacitance). “The p dependence of the ionic conductivity and of the chemical diffusion coefficient of LSM is determined.”
Reproducibility of TMS—Evoked EEG responses
Authors: Lioumis Pantelis , Kičić Dubravko , Savolainen Petri , Mäkelä Jyrki P. , Kähkönen Seppo
Published: June 2008

Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography (nTMS‐EEG), allows noninvasive studies of cortical excitability and connectivity in humans. We investigated the reproducibility of nTMS‐EEG in seven healthy subjects by repeating left motor and prefrontal cortical stimulation with a 1‐week interval. TMS was applied at three intensities: 90, 100, and 110% of subjects' motor threshold (MT). The TMS‐compatible neuronavigation system guaranteed precise repositioning of the stimulation coil. The responses were recorded by a 60‐channel whole head TMS‐compatible EEG amplifier. A high overall reproducibility (r > 0.80) was evident in nTMS‐EEG responses over both hemispheres for both motor and prefrontal cortical stimulation. The results suggest that nTMS‐EEG is a reliable tool for studies investigating cortical excitability changes in the test‐retest designs. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frontal operculum temporal difference signals and social motor response learning
Authors: Kumar Poornima , Waiter Gordon , Ahearn Trevor , Milders Maarten , Reid Ian , Steele J. Douglas
Published: June 2008

Substantial experimental evidence supports the theory that the dopaminergic system codes a phasic (short duration) signal predicting the delivery of primary reinforcers, such as water when thirsty, during Pavlovian learning. This signal is described by the temporal difference (TD) model. Recently, it has been suggested that the human dopaminergic system also codes more complex cognitive goal states, including those required for human social interaction. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with 18 healthy subjects, we tested the hypothesis that TD signals would be present during a Pavlovian learning task, and during a social motor response learning task. Using an identical model, TD signals were present in both tasks, although in different brain regions. Specifically, signals were present in the dorsal anterior cingulate, ventral striatum, amygdala, and thalamus with Pavlovian learning, and the dorsal anterior cingulate and bilateral frontal operculum with social motor response learning. The frontal operculum is believed to be the human homologue of the monkey mirror neuron system, and there is evidence which links the region with inference about other peoples' intentions and goals. The results support the contention that the human dopaminergic system predicts both primary reinforcers, and more complex cognitive goal states, such as motor responses required for human social group interaction. Dysfunction of such a mechanism might be associated with abnormal affective responses and incorrect social predictions, as occur in psychiatric disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resolution of sexual dysfunction during acute treatment of major depression with milnacipran
Authors: Baldwin David , Moreno Ricardo A. , Briley Mike
Published: June 2008

Objective

The sexual function and enjoyment questionnaire (SFEQ) was developed to assess and detect changes in sexual function in men and women. The aim of the present study was to use the SFEQ to evaluate the effects of the serotonin‐noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, milnacipran, in the treatment of depression in two culturally different populations.

Methods

The SFEQ was employed in two studies investigating milnacipran in the treatment of major depression: a 12‐week open study in Brazil and a 6‐week randomised controlled study in Europe.

Results

At endpoint, 61.3% (Brazil) and 78.4% (Europe) of patients had ≥50% reduction of baseline Hamilton Depression Rating (HAMD) score. All SFEQ items showed improvements in sexual function in both studies at endpoint, 60% (Brazil) and 56% (Europe) of patients stating that their sexual desire was as great as or greater than it had been before their depressive episode.

Conclusions

Milnacipran appears to improve sexual function in parallel with improvement in other symptoms of depression. The SFEQ is a sensitive instrument for measuring changes in sexual function and appears to be unaffected by cultural differences as shown by similar findings in Brazil and Europe. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The methylation status of RASSF1A promoter predicts responsiveness to chemotherapy and eventual cure in hepatoblastoma patients
Authors: Honda Shohei , Haruta Masayuki , Sugawara Waka , Sasaki Fumiaki , Ohira Miki , Matsunaga Tadashi , Yamaoka Hiroaki , Horie Hiroshi , Ohnuma Naomi , Nakagawara Akira , Hiyama Eiso , Todo Satoru , Kaneko Yasuhiko
Published: June 2008

Despite the progress of therapy, outcomes of advanced hepatoblastoma patients who are refractory to standard preoperative chemotherapy remain unsatisfactory. To improve the mortality rate, novel prognostic markers are needed for better therapy planning. We examined the methylation status of 13 candidate tumor suppressor genes in 20 hepatoblastoma tumors by conventional methylation‐specific PCR (MSP) and found hypermethylation in 3 of the 13 genes. We analyzed the methylation status of these 3 genes (RASSF1A, SOCS1 and CASP8) in 97 tumors and found hypermethylation in 30.9, 33.0 and 15.5%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that only the methylation status of RASSF1A but not the other 2 genes predicted the outcome, and multivariate analysis showed a weak contribution of RASSF1A methylation to overall survival. Using quantitative MSP, we found RASSF1A methylation in 44.3% of the 97 tumors. CTNNB1 mutation was detected in 67.0% of the 97 tumors. While univariate analysis demonstrated RASSF1A methylation, CTNNB1 mutation and other clinicopathological variables as prognostic factors, multivariate analysis identified RASSF1A methylation (p = 0.043; relative risk 9.39) and the disease stage (p = 0.002; relative risk 7.67) but not CTNNB1 mutation as independent prognostic factors. In survival analysis of 33 patients in stage 3B or 4, patients with unmethylated tumor had better overall survival than those with methylated tumor (p = 0.035). RASSF1A methylation may be a promising molecular‐genetic marker to predict the treatment outcome and may be used to stratify patients when clinical trials are carried out. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effectual components on furrow infiltration
Authors: Nasseri A. , Neyshabori M. R. , Abbasi F.
Published: June 2008

Design, management and evaluation of furrow irrigation depend on how well infiltration characteristics are identified. Furrow infiltration varies with different variables, and modelling of such phenomena is a complex process at field scale. This research was conducted to quantify the contributions of opportunity time (τ), water flow depth (Dg), initial soil water content (θi), flow section area (A) and wetted perimeter (Wp), as independent variables, on cumulative infiltration (CI) variations using path analysis method; and to develop empirical relationships between field‐wide furrow infiltration and independent variables. Path analysis was used with the aim of scrutinizing direct (DT) and indirect (IDT) effects of five exogenous variables, namely τ, Dg, θi, A and Wp on the endogenous variable of CI. Furrow infiltration was measured by blocked furrow infiltrometers at 56 infiltration sites over a 70 × 130 m field plot. The furrow cross‐sections were taken using a profilometer, whereas flow section area and wetted perimeter were graphically determined from measured cross‐sections. Initial soil water content was obtained by means of the gravimetric method, with drying by the burning alcohol technique in the field. Results revealed that total effects of τ, Dg, θi, A and Wp on furrow infiltration were 0.790, 0.370, −0.359, 0.349 and 0.301; and DT effects of those variables were 92.4, 12.16, 36.50, 42.12 and 14.95% of their total effects, respectively. Consequently, the τ, θi, and A were recognized as the effectual components on the field‐wide furrow infiltration, on the basis of the largest direct effects of the variables. Total and the DT effects of Wp on CI were relatively diminutive compared with other variables. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microfluidics and photonics for Bio‐System‐on‐a‐Chip: A review of advancements in technology towards a microfluidic flow cytometry chip
Authors: Godin Jessica , Chen Chun‐Hao , Cho Sung Hwan , Qiao Wen , Tsai Frank , Lo Yu‐Hwa
Published: June 2008

Microfluidics and photonics come together to form a field commonly referred to as ‘optofluidics’. Flow cytometry provides the field with a technology base from which both microfluidic and photonic components be developed and integrated into a useful device. This article reviews some of the more recent developments to familiarize a reader with the current state of the technologies and also highlights the requirements of the device and how researchers are working to meet these needs. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An overview of the application of Fenton oxidation to industrial wastewaters treatment
Authors: Bautista P , Mohedano A F , Casas J A , Zazo J A , Rodriguez J J
Published: June 2008

This review provides updated information on the application of the Fenton process as an advanced oxidation method for the treatment of industrial wastewaters. This technology has been used in recent decades as a chemical oxidation process addressed to meet a variety of objectives including final polishing, reduction of high percentages of organic load in terms of chemical oxygen demand or total organic carbon and removal of recalcitrant and toxic pollutants thus allowing for further conventional biological treatment. The efficiency and flexibility of this technology has been proven with a wide diversity of effluents from chemical and other related industries or activities, including pharmaceutical, pulp and paper, textile, food, cork processing, and landfilling among others. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Carpal tunnel syndrome: Clinical and sonographic follow‐up after surgery
Authors: Smidt Martijn H. , Visser Leo H.
Published: June 2008

High‐resolution sonography has the same accuracy as electrophysiological studies in confirming the diagnosis in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), but the value of sonographic follow‐up after surgery requires prospective examination. The aims of the present study were to assess: (1) change in the size of the median nerve at the proximal carpal tunnel after surgery compared to conservative treatment, and (2) the correlation between sonographic characteristics and clinical outcome after surgery. Seventy‐nine patients undergoing surgery for CTS were assessed at least 6 months after surgery. The patients completed questionnaires and underwent sonography. Postoperative improvement was scored by the patient on a 6‐point ordinal transition scale ranging from “completely recovered” to “much worse.” The median cross‐sectional area of the median nerve at the proximal carpal tunnel decreased after surgery from 14 mm2 [interquartile range (IQR) 12–16 mm2] to 11.5 mm2 (IQR 11–13.5 mm2) (P < 0.0001); no significant changes in the cross‐sectional area occurred in symptomatic hands treated conservatively or in asymptomatic hands. Sonography at the time of diagnosis was not a predictor of postoperative outcome, but in this study only a relatively small number of patients had a poor postoperative outcome. Muscle Nerve, 2008
Turning off the central contribution to contractions evoked by neuromuscular electrical stimulation
Authors: Dean J.C. , Yates L.M. , Collins D.F.
Published: June 2008

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation can generate contractions through both peripheral and central mechanisms. The peripheral mechanism involves the direct activation of motor axons, while the central mechanism involves the activation of sensory axons that recruit spinal neurons through a reflex pathway. For use in functional electrical stimulation. One must have control over turning the central mechanism on and off. We investigated whether inhibition developed through antagonist muscle (tibialis anterior, TA) contractions elicited by electrical stimulation or by volition can turn off the central mechanism in triceps surae. Both electrical stimulation and voluntary contractions of TA reduced or eliminated plantar flexion torque produced by the central mechanism, indicating that inhibition induced via these contractions can effectively turn off the central contribution to force. These findings suggest that patterns of electrical stimulation may be able to generate periodic muscle contractions by turning the central contribution to muscular contractions on and off. Muscle Nerve, 2008
Reliable ALE middleware for RFID network applications
Authors: Chen Nong‐Kun , Chen Jiann‐Liang , Chang Teng‐Hsun , Lu Hsi‐Feng
Published: June 2008

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology adopts the air interface to deliver the information required for object identification. The RFID system is convenient to manage and operate, and is widely encouraged by the large‐scale chain industry. Additionally, electronic product code (EPC) network technology allows immediate, automatic identification and sharing of information on items in the supply chain. This work proposes an RFID service middleware with a highly reliable and efficient application‐level event (ALE)‐based prototype mechanism according to EPCglobal. A Student Muster Roll (SMR) application test bed is implemented in the proposed ALE‐based scheme. The SMR system can be employed to manage the absentee records of students in a class, and can manage and control several operation multi‐reader devices simultaneously. The proposed scheme can filter attendance accurately, eliminating the possibility of reduplication in student records. Performance evaluation results indicate that the proposed novel scheme is much more efficient and reliable than a naive ALE scheme. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterisation of midgut digestive proteases from the maize stem borerBusseola fusca
Authors: George Derick , Ferry Natalie , Back Emma J , Gatehouse Angharad MR
Published: June 2008

BACKGROUND:Insect damage is a major constraint on maize production. Control ofBusseola fusca(Fuller) in sub‐Saharan Africa is relatively ineffective; the major larval digestive enzymes were characterised with a view to developing future control strategies.

RESULTS:Using BODIPY‐FL Casein, maximal activity was at pH 9.5, with six protease forms visualised by gelatin‐PAGE. Synthetic substrates and diagnostic inhibitors demonstrated the presence of serine proteases. Chymostatin was a potent inhibitor of general proteolysis (90%), providing strong evidence for the presence of chymotrypsin; it also caused significant inhibition (>95%) with SA2PFpNA as substrate. The I50values for chymostatin with casein and SA2PFpNA were 0.0075 µMand 0.06 µMrespectively. Z‐Phe‐Arg‐pNA activity was inhibited by chymostatin and TLCK (50 and 30% respectively), suggesting the presence of trypsin‐like activity. BApNA hydrolysis was also strongly inhibited by chymostatin and TLCK (92 and 75%), suggesting trypsin activity, while SBBI, PMSF, pepstatin and E‐64 had no significant effect. Interestingly, SBBI (I50= 0.39 µM) and SBTI both inhibited general proteolysis by approximately 70%, suggesting that SBBI's dual inhibitory role makes this inhibitor a potentially useful candidate for expression in maize for control ofB. fusca.

CONCLUSION:These results provide a basis for the rational design of insect‐resistant transgenic maize expressing protease inhibitors. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
A climatological view of HNO3 partitioning in cirrus clouds
Authors: Krämer M. , Schiller C. , Voigt C. , Schlager H. , Popp P. J.
Published: June 2008

A new in situ climatology of cirrus ice water content (IWC) is used, together with observed molar ratios of HNO3/H2O in cirrus ice particles, to estimate the range of HNO3 content in cirrus ice in the temperature interval 185–240 K. We find that nearly over the complete temperature range HNO3 percentages in ice between 0.01 and 100% are possible in cirrus clouds and that IWC is a major parameter determining the content of HNO3 in ice at given temperatures. Considering average conditions, the HNO3 content increases with decreasing temperature from 1% to about 10% in the range 240–200 K. For colder ice clouds, the average HNO3 content again decreases down to 6%. At higher temperatures, less efficient HNO3 uptake limits the HNO3 content in cirrus ice, while at low temperatures small IWCs permit only little HNO3 in ice, thus causing the convex‐shaped average HNO3 content curve. The highest HNO3 content is expected in tropical ice clouds with very large IWCs, especially at temperatures between 190 and 210 K. Thus, tropical cirrus clouds show the highest potential to vertically redistribute HNO3. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Determination of 13C/12C ratios of endogenous urinary steroids: method validation, reference population and application to doping control purposes
Authors: Piper Thomas , Mareck Ute , Geyer Hans , Flenker Ulrich , Thevis Mario , Platen Petra , Schänzer Wilhelm
Published: June 2008

The application of a comprehensive gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS)‐based method for stable carbon isotopes of endogenous urinary steroids is presented. The key element in sample preparation is the consecutive cleanup with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of underivatized and acetylated steroids, which allows the isolation of ten analytes (11β‐hydroxyandrosterone, 5α‐androst‐16‐en‐3β‐ol, pregnanediol, androsterone, etiocholanolone, testosterone, epitestosterone, 5α‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol, 5β‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol and dehydroepiandrosterone) from a single urine specimen. These steroids are of particular importance to doping controls as they enable the sensitive and retrospective detection of steroid abuse by athletes.

Depending on the biological background, the determination limit for all steroids ranges from 5 to 10 ng/mL for a 10 mL specimen. The method is validated by means of linear mixing models for each steroid, which covers repeatability and reproducibility. Specificity was further demonstrated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for each analyte, and no influence of the sample preparation or the quantity of analyte on carbon isotope ratios was observed. In order to determine naturally occurring 13C/12C ratios of all implemented steroids, a reference population of n = 61 subjects was measured to enable the calculation of reference limits for all relevant steroidal Δ values. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preserving data integrity in mobilead hocnetworks with variant Diffie‐Hellman protocol
Authors: Lee Jung‐San , Chang Chin‐Chen
Published: June 2008

Since the early 1990s, engineers have proposed many mechanisms for providing confidential communications and data integrity in mobilead hocnetworks (MANET). The deficiency of fastened infrastructure makes mobilead hocnetworks more vulnerable to security threats than conventional wireless networks. MANET can be considered as a short‐lived collection of mobile nodes that communicate with each other in between. All involved nodes in the network system share the responsibility for routing, accessing, and communicating. The main challenges on the design of MANET include high power saving and low bandwidth. The public key infrastructure (PKI) is a well‐known mechanism used to provide data integrity and confidential communications in MANET recently. The computation loads of PKI, however, are heavy to each mobile node in the cluster. Without adopting PKI cryptosystems to en/decrypt messages, we propose a novel version based on a variant Diffie‐‐Hellman protocol. The novel method can preserve the forward and backward secrecy of group communications. Specifically, the new method outperforms related works in the computation overheads of involved nodes while communicating with other nodes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Defending against packet dropping attack in vehicularad hocnetworks
Authors: Djahel Soufiene , Naït‐Abdesselam Farid , Zhang Zonghua , Khokhar Ashfaq
Published: June 2008

Vehicularad hocnetworks (VANETs) are becoming very popular and a promising application of the so‐called mobilead hocnetworks (MANET) technology. It has attracted recently an increasing attention from many car manufacturers as well as the wireless communication research community. Despite its tremendous potential to enhance road safety and to facilitate traffic management, VANET suffers from a variety of security and privacy issues which may dramatically limit their applications. In this paper, we address the problem of packet dropping attack launched against routing protocol's control packets, which represents one of the most aggressive attacks in MANET. The aim of this attack is to force nodes in the network to choose hostile nodes as relays to disseminate the partial topological information, thereby exploiting the functionality of the routing protocol to retain control packets. In particular, in optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol, if a collusive packet dropping attack is launched during the propagation of the topology control (TC) packets, the topology information will fail in being disseminated to the entire network, which finally results in routing disruption. This paper focuses on the packet dropping attack, launched against OLSR, where two malicious multipoint relay (MPR) nodes collude to disrupt the topology discovery process. Based on the analysis of the attacker's behavior and the attack's consequence, we propose an acknowledgement‐based mechanism as a countermeasure to enhance the security of OLSR. This mechanism helps the OLSR protocol to be less vulnerable to such attack by detecting and then isolating malicious nodes in the network. The simulation results of the proposed scheme show high detection rate under various scenarios. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient pattern matching scheme in LZW compressed sequences
Authors: Lee Tsern‐Huei , Huang Nai‐Lun
Published: June 2008

Compressed pattern matching (CPM) is an emerging research field addressing the problem: given a compressed sequence and a pattern, process the sequence with minimal (or no) decompression to find the pattern occurrence(s) in the uncompressed sequence. It can be applied to detect malwares and confidential information leakage in compressed files directly. In this paper, we report our work of CPM in Lempel–Ziv–Welch (LZW) compressed sequences. We propose an efficient bitmap‐based realization of the Amir–Benson–Farach algorithm. We also generalize the algorithm to find all pattern occurrences and report their absolute positions in the uncompressed sequence. Experiments are conducted to test the space requirements of our proposed generalization and two related CPM schemes which can also be realized with bitmaps. Results show that our proposed generalization requires the least amount of storage for moderate and long patterns. We also conduct experiments to compare the throughput performance of our proposed generalization with these two related CPM schemes and the decompress‐then‐search scheme. Results show that our proposed generalization outperforms the decompress‐then‐search scheme significantly. When scanning a file with pattern occurrences, our proposed generalization performs slightly better than the two related CPM schemes. The difference is significant when scanning a file with no pattern occurrence. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Designing highly flexible virtual machines: the JnJVM experience
Authors: Thomas Gaël , Geoffray Nicolas , Clément Charles , Folliot Bertil
Published: June 2008

Dynamic flexibility is a major challenge in modern system design to react to context or applicative requirements evolutions. Adapting behaviors may impose substantial code modification across the whole system, in the field, without service interruption and without state loss. This paper presents the JnJVM, a full Java virtual machine (JVM) that satisfies these needs by using dynamic aspect weaving techniques and a component architecture. It supports adding or replacing its own code, while it is running, with no overhead on unmodified code execution. Our measurements reveal similar performance when compared with the monolithic JVM Kaffe. Three illustrative examples show different extension scenarios: (i) modifying the JVMs behavior; (ii) adding capabilities to the JVM; and (iii) modifying applications behavior. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of isolated abnormal number of ribs
Authors: Hershkovitz R.
Published: June 2008

Objective

To determine the incidence of prenatal isolated abnormal number of ribs, using three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound.

Methods

This was a prospective study of low‐risk women with singleton pregnancy and normal fetal anatomy scan. 3D examinations of the fetal ribs were carried out at the time of the routine anomaly scan at 14–16 or 20–24 weeks of gestation. A 3D volume of the spine was acquired with a mechanical sweep that lasted between 2 and 4 s per volume and was performed when the fetus had a minimally flexed head position. Fetal ribs were reviewed on the rendered image (maximal mode), both while the patient was in the clinic and again later.

Results

Three hundred and sixty‐seven pregnant women were evaluated. Twenty‐three (6.3%) fetuses were found to have an abnormal number of ribs. Fifteen (4.1%) had 11 ribs unilaterally, with the last (12th) rib missing. One patient (0.27%) had 13 ribs unilaterally (with a small extra rib after the last rib). Two (0.5%) patients had 13 ribs bilaterally with an extra rib after the 12th rib on each side and two (0.5%) patients had 13 ribs bilaterally with an extra cervical rib on each side. Three (0.8%) patients had an extra unilateral cervical rib. In all, 1.4% of patients had extra cervical ribs.

Conclusions

The incidence of abnormal number of ribs in this normal population was 6.3%. When isolated, this finding is a normal variant. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of parity on maternal cardiac function during the first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Turan O. M. , De Paco C. , Kametas N. , Khaw A. , Nicolaides K. H.
Published: June 2008

Objective

To investigate maternal cardiac adaptation in the first trimester of pregnancy with increasing maternal parity.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study carried out at the antenatal clinic of a teaching hospital. We examined 4689 pregnant women at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation, performing two‐dimensional echocardiography of the maternal left ventricle. There were 2352 parous and 2337 nulliparous women. The relationships between parity, maternal cardiac function and neonatal birth weight were analyzed.

Results

Parous compared to nulliparous women had a significantly higher median cardiac output (5.6 vs. 5.2 L/min) and median cardiac index (2.3 vs. 2.1 L/min/m2). This was owing to a significantly higher median stroke volume (73.5 vs. 70.5 mL), heart rate (76 vs. 75 bpm), left ventricular outflow diameter (20.4 vs. 20.0 mm) and lower total vascular resistance (1190.8 vs. 1253.7 dyne·s/cm5) and median uterine artery pulsatility index (1.6 vs. 1.7). Mean arterial blood pressure was not significantly different between the groups. There was a progressive increase in all maternal cardiac variables, apart from total peripheral resistance, which decreased with increasing parity. Birth weight was higher in parous compared to nulliparous women (3.39 vs. 3.23 kg) and it was independently related to maternal hemodynamic variables and demographic and social characteristics (age, height, weight, ethnicity, smoking).

Conclusion

Pregnancy in parous compared to nulliparous women is characterized by higher maternal cardiac output and birth weight. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidative Stability of Polyunsaturated Triacylglycerols Encapsulated in Oleaginous Yeast
Authors: Iassonova Diliara R. , Hammond Earl G. , Beattie Samuel E.
Published: June 2008

Oleaginous yeast cells have the ability to synthesize oil from carbon sources or to adsorb fatty acids from their growth medium. Fish oil or conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)‐rich oils encapsulated in Cryptococcus curvatus were protected from oxidation for more than 7 weeks. Oil‐containing dead and viable yeast as well as oils extracted from dead or viable yeast were incubated at 52 °C in the dark. Oils extracted from yeast at the beginning of the experiment began oxidizing almost immediately and exceeded peroxide values (PV) of 20 mequiv/kg within a few days and eventually reaching PV > 100 mequiv/kg. After 56 days of incubation the PV value of oil from viable cells grown on fish oil was 3.8 ± 0.1 and 5.5 ± 0.8 mequiv/kg from dead cells. After 42 days of incubation the PV of oil from viable CLA containing yeast was 1.1 ± 0.2 mequiv/kg and 1.7 ± 0.5 from dead CLA containing yeast. C. curvatus encapsulation significantly improved oxidative stability of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) and CLA. Yeast cell viability was not critical for oxidative stability of the encapsulated oil.
Fracture incidence following plate removal in Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease: A 32-year study
Authors: Schaaf Adam C. , Weiner Dennis S. , Steiner Richard P. , Morscher Melanie A. , Dicintio Martin S.
Published: June 2008

Purpose

The decision of whether or not to remove pediatric metallic implants remains a controversial issue. Many factors have been cited both in favor and against routine removal of metallic implants. The purpose of this study was to determine the fracture rate following the routine removal of hardware from patients with Legg–Calvé–Perthes (LCP) disease treated by proximal femoral varus osteotomy (PFVO) and to determine if there is an optimal time to remove hardware in this population.

Methods

We performed a retrospective chart review of children who had PFVO with subsequent hardware removal from March 1973 to May 2005 performed by a single surgeon. A total of 196 hips in 184 patients were included. Data was analyzed using logistic regression. Inverse prediction was also used to obtain estimates of the time needed to produce probabilities of no fracture.

Results

Ten out of the 196 hips included (5.1%) sustained a fracture after plate removal. The time from osteotomy to plate removal averaged 10.4 months in the nonfracture group and 4.8 months in the fracture group. This was statistically significant ( P < 0.0001). Using the logistic regression model, the predicted time to plate removal corresponding to a 95% probability of no fracture was between 5.1 and 8.4 months.

Conclusions

Plate removal remains a reasonable choice but questions remain as to the timing of removal. These data suggest that patients may benefit from extending the time to hardware removal beyond radiographic union to at least six months or more after the osteotomy.
Monodromy group for a strongly semistable principal bundle over a curve, II
Authors: Biswas Indranil , Parameswaran A. J.
Published: June 2008

Let X be a geometrically irreducible smooth projective curve defined over a field k. Assume that X has a k–rational point; fix a k–rational point x ε X. From these data we construct an affine group scheme X defined over the field k as well as a principal X–bundle over the curve X. The group scheme X is given by a ℚ–graded neutral Tannakian category built out of all strongly semistable vector bundles over X. The principal bundle is tautological. Let G be a linear algebraic group, defined over k, that does not admit any nontrivial character which is trivial on the connected component, containing the identity element, of the reduced center of G. Let EG be a strongly semistable principal G–bundle over X. We associate to EG a group scheme M defined over k, which we call the monodromy group scheme of EG, and a principal M–bundle EM over X, which we call the monodromy bundle of EG. The group scheme M is canonically a quotient of X, and EM is the extension of structure group of . The group scheme M is also canonically embedded in the fiber Ad(EG)x over x of the adjoint bundle.
Supracricoid partial laryngectomy: an alternative to total laryngectomy for locally advanced laryngeal cancers
Authors: Soudry E , Marmor Y , Hazan A , Marx S , Sadov R , Feinmesser R
Published: June 2008

Objectives:

The management of advanced laryngeal cancer has evolved in the last century, from total laryngectomy to chemoradiation. The aim of this study was to examine our experience with supracricoid partial laryngectomy as a possible solution for patients with advanced laryngeal tumours, with a focus on the oncological safety of the procedure and the functionality of the preserved larynges.

Study design:

We reviewed the medical records of patients with laryngeal cancer who had undergone primary or salvage supracricoid partial laryngectomy at our department between 1998 and 2004.

Results:

Twenty-three patients treated with supracricoid partial laryngectomy for endolaryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were identified. Median follow-up time was 35 months. Twelve patients had advanced laryngeal tumours. Eight patients were radiation failures. These factors were not associated with increased local recurrence or with decreased survival.

Conclusion:

Supracricoid partial laryngectomy appears to be a feasible option for the treatment of laryngeal tumours, even in the advanced stage or after failure of radiation therapy.
A new species of Parmeliella (Pannariaceae) from India
Authors: DUBE Archana , MAKHIJA Urmila
Published: June 2008

The new species Parmeliella subfuscata A. Dube & Makhija, belonging in the P. mariana group, is described. It is recognized by its squamulose, loosely attached, spreading, brownish thallus with cylindrical, branched isidia, indistinct, black prothallus of slightly projecting rhizohyphae, and its apothecia with an unusual, fresh green coloured epithecium and proper exciple. It is so far known only from the type locality in Maharashtra, India.
New lichenicolous Opegrapha species on Caloplaca from Europe
Authors: VONDRÁK Jan , KOCOURKOVÁ Jana
Published: June 2008

Fifty-six known lichenicolous, non-lichenized Opegrapha (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales) species (containing some undescribed taxa) are listed here, five of which are known from Caloplaca (Teloschistaceae, Teloschistales). Opegrapha vulpina, a new lichenicolous fungus on endolithic Caloplaca subg. Pyrenodesmia (Caloplaca erodens and rarely C. albopruinosa), is described from Europe. A second new species, Opegrapha hellespontica, lichenicolous on Caloplaca aurantia, is described from the European part of Turkey. Two possible sibling species of Opegrapha rupestris s. l. lichenicolous on Caloplaca cirrochroa and C. variabilis s. l., respectively, are discussed in the paper, but have not been described.
Observations on the genus Scoliciosporum in Australia, with the description of a second species of Jarmania
Authors: KANTVILAS Gintaras
Published: June 2008

Australian records of Scoliciosporum are reviewed. The new species, Jarmania scoliciosporoides Kantvilas, is described, based on Tasmanian material previously referred to Scoliciosporum pruinosum (P. James) Vězda; the systematic position of these two taxa is considered. Two further species recorded previously, S. compactum Körber and S. umbrinum (Ach.) Arnold, are discussed and all records united under the latter name; S. umbrinum is reported from Tasmania for the first time.
Vahliella, a new lichen genus
Authors: JØRGENSEN Per M.
Published: June 2008

The new genus Vahliella is recognized as a genus since molecular studies have shown that the subgenus Micropannaria of Fuscopannaria differs so much from this genus that it cannot even be placed in the Pannariaceae. While its family position remains unclear, it is certainly best established as a genus, as it is recognizable also on morphological and chemical characters. Unlike the mainly warm-temperate genus Fuscopannaria, it is restricted to cold-temperate regions. Presently it is known to contain eight species, a key to which is given. The following new combinations are introduced: Vahliella adnata (P. M. Jørg. & Upreti), Vahliella atlantica (P. M. Jørg. & P. W. James), Vahliella californica (Tuck.), Vahliella globuligera (Fryday & P. M. Jørg.), Vahliella hookerioides (P. M. Jørg.), Vahliella labrata (P. M. Jørg.), Vahliella leucophaea (Vahl), Vahliella saubinetii (Mont.).
Attitudes towards Sexuality in Qumran and Related Literature – and the New Testament
Authors: LOADER WILLIAM R. G.
Published: June 2008

Investigation of attitudes towards sexuality in Qumran and related literature shows that the myth of the Watchers served as an aetiology of wrongdoing, but not of sexual wrongdoing in particular as one might have expected, nor as its paradigm. Intermarriage was a major concern, although conflicts over sexual wrongdoing which feature in early sectarian writings disappear in what appear to be later ones. Extensions to holy space and time produce greater restrictions on sexual relations, but without disparaging them in proper space and time. Eschatology which leaves no space for sex created challenges for defending its place in the interim.
Pourquoi Jésus a-t-il reçu le baptême de Jean?
Authors: TÀRRECH ARMAND PUIG I
Published: June 2008

Mc (et, en partie, Mt et EvHe) montrent que le Jourdain a été le cadre d'une double scène au début de la vie de Jésus: son baptême par le Baptiste et une vision sans témoins qui l'aurait suivi. Le baptême de Jean, à l'eau, scèlle la conversion présente et prépare le pardon, le don eschatologique futur, comme le montre la formule ‘baptême de conversion pour le pardon des péchés’. De son côté, Jésus a accepté de recevoir ce signe, le ‘baptême de Jean’, parce qu'il l'a reconnu comme l'expression de l'arrivée du kairos. D'autre part, la vision de type prophétique qu'il a eu après son baptême l'a confirmé dans son choix.
‘Join in imitating me’ (Philippians 3.17)
Towards an Interpretation of Philippians 3
Authors: STANDHARTINGER ANGELA
Published: June 2008

Philippians 3 is central to the question of integrity of the letter. While those who argue for three fragments struggle with the intention of the chapter, those who argue for the letter's integrity vote for its function as an exemplum. This article argues that there is some truth in both positions. Philippians 3 imitates the Jewish testament genre in which an ideal biography is depicted to become a model of religious advice. But while Paul deals critically with genre, he became a religious hero in the canonical letter, which was edited by the Philippians in the early second century ce.
Modelling accreted ice in subglacial Lake Vostok, Antarctica
Authors: Thoma Malte , Grosfeld Klaus , Mayer Christoph
Published: June 2008

The distribution and thickness of accreted ice at the ice‐lake interface of subglacial Lake Vostok, East Antarctica, is calculated conflating various sources: (1) The modelled basal mass balance at the ice‐lake interface based on two different bathymetry models, (2) different ice flow trajectories obtained from satellite interferometry and ice penetrating radar measurements, and (3) reasonable ice flow velocity. Our results show that the accreted ice distribution is highly sensitive to the ice draft and to the used flow line directions. The volume and thickness of the accreted ice depends significantly on the ice flow velocity. According to our modelling, we estimate the accreted ice area, volume and mean thickness to be 10,800 ± 500 km2, 980 ± 200 km3, and 90 ± 45 m, respectively, for an ice flow velocity of 3.6 m/a. Only about 36 ± 2% of Lake Vostok's surface is in contact with meteoric ice, melted by about 2.65 ± 0.10 cm/a. This has impacts on the sedimentation rate and the supply of nutrients, oxygen, and/or other components only present in meteoric ice but not in accreted lake ice. We estimate the residence time of the lake water at about 32,000 ± 4000 years.
Microinvertebrate and plant beta diversity in dry soils of a semiarid agricultural wetland complex
Authors: Angeler David G. , Viedma Olga , Cirujano Santos , Alvarez-Cobelas Miguel , Sánchez-Carrillo Salvador
Published: June 2008

The relationship between environmental features and the β diversity of the propagule bank of dry soils of temporary wetlands has relevance to ecological theories of community structure and to the conservation of wetland biodiversity. The correlation of β diversity of microinvertebrates and macrophytes derived from propagules in dry soils with wetland habitat characteristics, catchment land-use, and the distance between wetlands in a remnant pond complex in central Spain was assessed. Redundancy analyses showed that β diversity of both groups correlated with habitat characteristics, whereas associations with catchment agricultural practices were weaker. Nestedness analyses showed that species-poor communities from degraded sites tended to form nested subsets of less degraded ponds with higher species richness. Distance between the ponds had no significant association with community similarity, suggesting that fragmentation did not shape β diversity at the scale of our study area. To maintain high β diversity in this area, ponds with species-rich propagule banks should receive conservation priority. Given the functional dependence by much wildlife on these propagule banks once these wetlands rewet, conservation of this hidden biodiversity is crucial for providing ecosystem services to humans and wildlife.
Population characteristics of southern sea garfish (Hyporhamphus melanochir, Hemiramphidae) in South Australia
Authors: Fowler A. J. , Steer M. A. , Jackson W. B. , Lloyd M. T.
Published: June 2008

Population dynamics, demography and spatial distribution of an important species of ‘halfbeak’, the southern sea garfish (Hyporhamphus melanochir), were studied in South Australia, which accounts for most of the national catch. Commercial catch and effort data were used to indicate spatial and temporal abundance. Catch sampling provided fish measurements and estimates of age, sex and reproductive maturity. Catches were from throughout South Australia’s gulf region, but three areas separated by hundreds of kilometres produced the highest catches. These relatively protected areas support extensive beds of intertidal and subtidal seagrasses. Statewide commercial fishery catches demonstrated considerable inter-annual variation of 240–320 t year–1. Catches were dominated by 1+ and 2+ fish, with few individuals from the 3+ to 5+ age classes. Females dominated the sex ratios, were the largest individuals, and the largest from each age class. No running ripe fish were sampled. Seasonal variation in the catch and in the lack of spawning fish suggested that adults might move from fishing areas during the spawning season. Length/weight and length/age relationships did not differ between areas separated by hundreds of kilometres, suggesting large-scale movement. Possible population truncation related to fishery exploitation has prompted a stock rebuilding program for the South Australian stock.
A korarchaeal genome reveals insights into the evolution of the Archaea
Authors: Elkins James G. , Podar Mircea , Graham David E. , Makarova Kira S. , Wolf Yuri , Randau Lennart , Hedlund Brian P. , Brochier-Armanet Céline , Kunin Victor , Anderson Iain , Lapidus Alla , Goltsman Eugene , Barry Kerrie , Koonin Eugene V. , Hugenholtz Phil , Kyrpides Nikos , Wanner Gerhard , Richardson Paul , Keller Martin , Stetter Karl O.
Published: June 2008

The candidate division
Korarchaeota
comprises a group of uncultivated microorganisms that, by their small subunit rRNA phylogeny, may have diverged early from the major archaeal phyla
Crenarchaeota
and
Euryarchaeota
. Here, we report the initial characterization of a member of the
Korarchaeota
with the proposed name, “
Candidatus
Korarchaeum cryptofilum,” which exhibits an ultrathin filamentous morphology. To investigate possible ancestral relationships between deep-branching
Korarchaeota
and other phyla, we used whole-genome shotgun sequencing to construct a complete composite korarchaeal genome from enriched cells. The genome was assembled into a single contig 1.59 Mb in length with a G + C content of 49%. Of the 1,617 predicted protein-coding genes, 1,382 (85%) could be assigned to a revised set of archaeal Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs). The predicted gene functions suggest that the organism relies on a simple mode of peptide fermentation for carbon and energy and lacks the ability to synthesize
de novo
purines, CoA, and several other cofactors. Phylogenetic analyses based on conserved single genes and concatenated protein sequences positioned the korarchaeote as a deep archaeal lineage with an apparent affinity to the
Crenarchaeota
. However, the predicted gene content revealed that several conserved cellular systems, such as cell division, DNA replication, and tRNA maturation, resemble the counterparts in the
Euryarchaeota
. In light of the known composition of archaeal genomes, the
Korarchaeota
might have retained a set of cellular features that represents the ancestral archaeal form.