bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Anti-Allodynic Effect of Immediate Pulsed Radiofrequency Modulation through Down-Regulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 in a Neuropathic Pain Model
Authors: Yeh Chun-Chang , Sun Hsiao-Lun , Huang Chi-Jung , Wong Chih-Shung , Cherng Chen-Hwan , Huh Billy , Wang Jinn-Shyan , Chien Chih-Cheng
Published: November 2015

Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) is effective in the treatment of neuropathic pain in clinical practice. Its application to sites proximal to nerve injury can inhibit the activity of extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) for up to 28 days. The spared nerve injury (SNI)+ immPRF group (immediate exposure to PRF for 6 min after SNI) exhibited a greater anti-allodynic effect compared with the control group (SNI alone) or the SNI + postPRF group (application of PRF for 6 min on the 14th day after SNI). Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) was selected using microarray assays and according to web-based gene ontology annotations in the SNI + immPRF group. An increase in IGF2 and activation of ERK1/2 were attenuated by the immPRF treatment compared with an SNI control group. Using immunofluorescent staining, we detected co-localized phosphorylated ERK1/2 and IGF2 in the dorsal horn regions of rats from the SNI group, where the IGF2 protein predominantly arose in CD11b- or NeuN-positive cells, whereas IGF2 immunoreactivity was not detected in the SNI + immPRF group. Taken together, these results suggest that PRF treatment immediately after nerve injury significantly inhibited the development of neuropathic pain with a lasting effect, most likely through IGF2 down-regulation and the inhibition of ERK1/2 activity primarily in microglial cells.
Danusertib Induces Apoptosis, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Autophagy but Inhibits Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Involving PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Zi Dan , Zhou Zhi-Wei , Yang Ying-Jie , Huang Lin , Zhou Zun-Lun , He Shu-Ming , He Zhi-Xu , Zhou Shu-Feng
Published: November 2015

Ovarian carcinoma (OC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies, with a poor prognosis for patients at advanced stage. Danusertib (Danu) is a pan-inhibitor of the Aurora kinases with unclear anticancer effect and underlying mechanisms in OC treatment. This study aimed to examine the cancer cell killing effect and explore the possible mechanisms with a focus on proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, autophagy, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human OC cell lines C13 and A2780cp. The results showed that Danu remarkably inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and autophagy, and suppressed EMT in both cell lines. Danu arrested cells in G2/M phase and led to an accumulation of polyploidy through the regulation of the expression key cell cycle modulators. Danu induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and autophagy in dose and time-dependent manners. Danu suppressed PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, evident from the marked reduction in the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, contributing to the autophagy inducing effect of Danu in both cell lines. In addition, Danu inhibited EMT. In aggregate, Danu exerts potent inducing effect on cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy, but exhibits a marked inhibitory effect on EMT. PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway contributes, partially, to the cancer cell killing effect of Danu in C13 and A2780cp cells.
Mutations in the KDM5C ARID Domain and Their Plausible Association with Syndromic Claes-Jensen-Type Disease
Authors: Peng Yunhui , Suryadi Jimmy , Yang Ye , Kucukkal Tugba , Cao Weiguo , Alexov Emil
Published: November 2015

Mutations in KDM5C gene are linked to X-linked mental retardation, the syndromic Claes-Jensen-type disease. This study focuses on non-synonymous mutations in the KDM5C ARID domain and evaluates the effects of two disease-associated missense mutations (A77T and D87G) and three not-yet-classified missense mutations (R108W, N142S, and R179H). We predict the ARID domain’s folding and binding free energy changes due to mutations, and also study the effects of mutations on protein dynamics. Our computational results indicate that A77T and D87G mutants have minimal effect on the KDM5C ARID domain stability and DNA binding. In parallel, the change in the free energy unfolding caused by the mutants A77T and D87G were experimentally measured by urea-induced unfolding experiments and were shown to be similar to the in silico predictions. The evolutionary conservation analysis shows that the disease-associated mutations are located in a highly-conserved part of the ARID structure (N-terminal domain), indicating their importance for the KDM5C function. N-terminal residues’ high conservation suggests that either the ARID domain utilizes the N-terminal to interact with other KDM5C domains or the N-terminal is involved in some yet unknown function. The analysis indicates that, among the non-classified mutations, R108W is possibly a disease-associated mutation, while N142S and R179H are probably harmless.
Developing Potential Candidates of Preclinical Preeclampsia
Authors: Founds Sandra , Zeng Xuemei , Lykins David , Roberts James
Published: November 2015

The potential for developing molecules of interest in preclinical preeclampsia from candidate genes that were discovered on gene expression microarray analysis has been challenged by limited access to additional first trimester trophoblast and decidual tissues. The question of whether these candidates encode secreted proteins that may be detected in maternal circulation early in pregnancy has been investigated using various proteomic methods. Pilot studies utilizing mass spectrometry based proteomic assays, along with enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), and Western immunoblotting in first trimester samples are reported. The novel targeted mass spectrometry methods led to robust multiple reaction monitoring assays. Despite detection of several candidates in early gestation, challenges persist. Future antibody-based studies may lead to a novel multiplex protein panel for screening or detection to prevent or mitigate preeclampsia.
High Temperature Deformation of Twin-Roll Cast Al-Mn-Based Alloys after Equal Channel Angular Pressing
Authors: Málek Přemysl , Šlapáková Poková Michaela , Cieslar Miroslav
Published: November 2015

Twin roll cast Al-Mn- and Al-Mn-Zr-based alloys were subjected to four passes of equal channel angular pressing. The resulting grain size of 400 nm contributes to a significant strengthening at room temperature. This microstructure is not fully stable at elevated temperatures and recrystallization and vast grain growth occur at temperatures between 350 and 450 °C. The onset of these microstructure changes depends on chemical and phase composition. Better stability is observed in the Al-Mn-Zr-based alloy. High temperature tensile tests reveal that equal channel angular pressing results in a softening of all studied materials at high temperatures. This can be explained by an active role of grain boundaries in the deformation process. The maximum values of ductility and strain rate sensitivity parameter m found in the Al-Mn-Zr-based alloy are below the bottom limit of superplasticity (155%, m = 0.25). However, some features typical for superplastic behavior were observed—the strain rate dependence of the parameter m, the strengthening with increasing grain size, and the fracture by diffuse necking. Grain boundary sliding is believed to contribute partially to the overall strain in specimens where the grain size remained in the microcrystalline range.
Seaweeds as Preventive Agents for Cardiovascular Diseases: From Nutrients to Functional Foods
Authors: Cardoso Susana , Pereira Olívia , Seca Ana , Pinto Diana , Silva Artur
Published: November 2015

Being naturally enriched in key nutrients and in various health-promoting compounds, seaweeds represent promising candidates for the design of functional foods. Soluble dietary fibers, peptides, phlorotannins, lipids and minerals are macroalgae’s major compounds that can hold potential in high-value food products derived from macroalgae, including those directed to the cardiovascular-health promotion. This manuscript revises available reported data focusing the role of diet supplementation of macroalgae, or extracts enriched in bioactive compounds from macroalgae origin, in targeting modifiable markers of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), like dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, vascular inflammation, hypertension, hypercoagulability and activation of the sympathetic and renin-angiotensin systems, among others. At last, the review also describes several products that have been formulated with the use of whole macroalgae or extracts, along with their claimed cardiovascular-associated benefits.
Dynamic Strain Evolution around a Crack Tip under Steady- and Overloaded-Fatigue Conditions
Authors: Lee Soo , Huang E-Wen , Woo Wanchuck , Yoon Cheol , Chae Hobyung , Yoon Soon-Gil
Published: November 2015

We investigated the evolution of the strain fields around a fatigued crack tip between the steady- and overloaded-fatigue conditions using a nondestructive neutron diffraction technique. The two fatigued compact-tension specimens, with a different fatigue history but an identical applied stress intensity factor range, were used for the direct comparison of the crack tip stress/strain distributions during in situ loading. While strains behind the crack tip in the steady-fatigued specimen are irrelevant to increasing applied load, the strains behind the crack tip in the overloaded-fatigued specimen evolve significantly under loading, leading to a lower driving force of fatigue crack growth. The results reveal the overload retardation mechanism and the correlation between crack tip stress distribution and fatigue crack growth rate.
Liquid Phase Separation and the Aging Effect on Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Laser Rapidly Solidified Cu100−xCrx Alloys
Authors: Si Song-Hua , Zhang Hui , He Yi-Zhu , Li Ming-Xi , Guo Sheng
Published: November 2015

Duplex structure Cu-Cr alloys are widely used as contact materials. They are generally designed by increasing the Cr content for the hardness improvement, which, however, leads to the unfavorable rapid increase of the electrical resistivity. The solidification behavior of Cu100−xCrx (x = 4.2, 25 and 50 in wt.%) alloys prepared by laser rapid solidification is studied here, and their hardness and electrical conductivity after aging are measured. The results show that the Cu-4.2%Cr alloy has the most desirable combination of hardness and conductive properties after aging in comparison with Cu-25%Cr and Cu-50%Cr alloys. Very importantly, a 50% improvement in hardness is achieved with a simultaneous 70% reduction in electrical resistivity. The reason is mainly attributed to the liquid phase separation occurring in the Cu-4.2%Cr alloy, which introduces a large a
Bioactivities of Ketones Terpenes: Antifungal Effect on F. verticillioides and Repellents to Control Insect Fungal Vector, S. zeamais
Authors: Pizzolitto Romina , Herrera Jimena , Zaio Yesica , Dambolena Jose , Zunino Maria , Gallucci Mauro , Zygadlo Julio
Published: November 2015

Maize is one the most important staple foods in the world. However, numerous pests, such as fungal pathogens, e.g., Fusarium verticillioides, and insects, such as Sitophlilus zeamais, attack maize grains during storage. Many F. verticillioides strains produce fumonisins, one of the most important mycotoxin that causes toxic effects on human and animal health. This situation is aggravated by the insect fungal vector, Sitophlilus zeamais, which contributes to the dispersal of fungal spores, and through feeding damage, provide entry points for fungal infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro bioassays, the antifungal activity on F. verticillioides M3125 and repellent effects against S. zeamais of ketone terpenes. In addition, we performed Quantitative structure–activity relationship (Q-SAR) studies between physico-chemical properties of ketone terpenes and the antifungal effect. Thymoquinone was the most active compound against F. verticillioides (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, MIC: 0.87) affecting the lag phase and the growth rate showing a total inhibition of growth at concentration higher than 2 mM (p < 0.05). The Q-SAR model revealed that the antifungal activity of ketone compounds is related to the electronic descriptor, Pi energy. Thymoquinone showed a strong repellent effect (−77.8 ± 8.5, p < 0.001) against S. zeamais. These findings make an important contribution to the search for new compounds to control two stored pests of maize.
Derinat Protects Skin against Ultraviolet-B (UVB)-Induced Cellular Damage
Authors: Hsu Wen-Li , Lu Jian-He , Noda Mami , Wu Ching-Ying , Liu Jia-dai , Sakakibara Manabu , Tsai Ming-Hsien , Yu Hsin-Su , Lin Ming-Wei , Huang Yaw-Bin , Yan Shian-Jang , Yoshioka Tohru
Published: November 2015

Ultraviolet-B (UVB) is one of the most cytotoxic and mutagenic stresses that contribute to skin damage and aging through increasing intracellular Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Derinat (sodium deoxyribonucleate) has been utilized as an immunomodulator for the treatment of ROS-associated diseases in clinics. However, the molecular mechanism by which Derinat protects skin cells from UVB-induced damage is poorly understood. Here, we show that Derinat significantly attenuated UVB-induced intracellular ROS production and decreased DNA damage in primary skin cells. Furthermore, Derinat reduced intracellular ROS, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and DNA damage in the skin of the BALB/c-nu mice exposed to UVB for seven days in vivo. Importantly, Derinat blocked the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels (TRPCs), as demonstrated by calcium imaging. Together, our results indicate that Derinat acts as a TRPCs blocker to reduce intracellular ROS production and DNA damage upon UVB irradiation. This mechanism provides a potential new application of Derinat for the protection against UVB-induced skin damage and aging.
Enhancement of Palmarumycin C12 and C13 Production by the Endophytic Fungus Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12 in an Aqueous-Organic Solvent System
Authors: Mou Yan , Xu Dan , Mao Ziling , Dong Xuejiao , Lin Fengke , Wang Ali , Lai Daowan , Zhou Ligang , Xie Bingyan
Published: November 2015

The endophytic fungus Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12, isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis, was found to produce palmarumycins C12 and C13 which possess a great variety of biological activities. Seven biocompatible water-immiscible organic solvents including n-dodecane, n-hexadecane, 1-hexadecene, liquid paraffin, dibutyl phthalate, butyl oleate and oleic acid were evaluated to improve palmarumycins C12 and C13 production in suspension culture of Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12. Among the chosen solvents both butyl oleate and liquid paraffin were the most effective to improve palmarumycins C12 and C13 production. The addition of dibutyl phthalate, butyl oleate and oleic acid to the cultures of Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12 significantly enhanced palmarumycin C12 production by adsorbing palmarumycin C12 into the organic phase. When butyl oleate was fed at 5% (v/v) in medium at the beginning of fermentation (day 0), the highest palmarumycin C12 yield (191.6 mg/L) was achieved, about a 34.87-fold increase in comparison with the control (5.3 mg/L). n-Dodecane, 1-hexadecene and liquid paraffin had a great influence on the production of palmarumycin C13. When liquid paraffin was added at 10% (v/v) in medium on day 3 of fermentation, the palmarumycin C13 yield reached a maximum value (134.1 mg/L), which was 4.35-fold that of the control (30.8 mg/L). Application of the aqueous-organic solvent system should be a simple and efficient process strategy for enhancing palmarumycin C12 and C13 production in liquid cultures of the endophytic fungus Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12.
Consumers’ Exposure to Nutrition and Health Claims on Pre-Packed Foods: Use of Sales Weighting for Assessing the Food Supply in Slovenia
Authors: Pravst Igor , Kušar Anita
Published: November 2015

Insights into the use of health-related information on foods are important for planning studies about the effects of such information on the consumer’s understanding, purchasing, and consumption of foods, and also support further food policy decisions. We tested the use of sales data for weighting consumers’ exposure to health-related labeling information in the Slovenian food supply. Food labeling data were collected from 6342 pre-packed foods available in four different food stores in Slovenia. Consumers’ exposure was calculated as the percentage of available food products with particular food information in the food category. In addition, 12-month sales data were used to calculate sales weighted exposure as a percentage of sold food products with certain food information in the food category. The consumer’s in-store and sales-weighted exposure to nutrition claims was 37% and 45%, respectively. Exposure to health claims was much lower (13%, 11% when sales-weighted). Health claims were mainly found in the form of general non-specific claims or function claims, while children’s development and reduction of disease risk claims were present on only 0.1% and 0.2% of the investigated foods, respectively. Sales data were found very useful for establishing a reliable estimation of consumers’ exposure to information provided on food labels. The high penetration of health-related information on food labels indicates that careful regulation of this area is appropriate. Further studies should focus on assessing the nutritional quality of foods labeled with nutrition and health claims, and understanding the importance of such labeling techniques for consumers’ food preferences and choices.
Inter-Band Radiometric Comparison and Calibration of ASTER Visible and Near-Infrared Bands
Authors: Obata Kenta , Tsuchida Satoshi , Iwao Koki
Published: November 2015

The present study evaluates inter-band radiometric consistency across the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) visible and near-infrared (VNIR) bands and develops an inter-band calibration algorithm to improve radiometric consistency. Inter-band radiometric comparison of current ASTER data shows a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.8%–5.7% among radiance outputs of spectral bands due primarily to differences between calibration strategies of the NIR band for nadir-looking (Band 3N) and the other two bands (green and red bands, corresponding to Bands 1 and 2). An algorithm for radiometric calibration of Bands 2 and 3N with reference to Band 1 is developed based on the band translation technique and is used to obtain new radiometric calibration coefficients (RCCs) for sensor sensitivity degradation. The systematic errors between radiance outputs are decreased by applying the derived RCCs, which result in reducing the RMSE from 3.8%–5.7% to 2.2%–2.9%. The remaining errors are approximately equal to or smaller than the intrinsic uncertainties of inter-band calibration derived by sensitivity analysis. Improvement of the radiometric consistency would increase the accuracy of band algebra (e.g., vegetation indices) and its application. The algorithm can be used to evaluate inter-band radiometric consistency, as well as for the calibration of other sensors.
Energy Analysis of Road Accidents Based on Close-Range Photogrammetry
Authors: Morales Alejandro , Gonzalez-Aguilera Diego , Gutiérrez Miguel , López Alfonso
Published: November 2015

This paper presents an efficient and low-cost approach for energy analysis of road accidents using images obtained using consumer-grade digital cameras and smartphones. The developed method could be used by security forces in order to improve the qualitative and quantitative analysis of traffic accidents. This role of the security forces is crucial to settle arguments; consequently, the remote and non-invasive collection of accident related data before the scene is modified proves to be essential. These data, taken in situ, are the basis to perform the necessary calculations, basically the energy analysis of the road accident, for the corresponding expert reports and the reconstruction of the accident itself, especially in those accidents with important damages and consequences. Therefore, the method presented in this paper provides the security forces with an accurate, three-dimensional, and scaled reconstruction of a road accident, so that it may be considered as a support tool for the energy analysis. This method has been validated and tested with a real crash scene simulated by the local police in the Academy of Public Safety of Extremadura, Spain.
Development of a High Irradiance LED Configuration for Small Field of View Motion Estimation of Fertilizer Particles
Authors: Cool Simon , Pieters Jan , Mertens Koen , Mora Sergio , Cointault Frédéric , Dubois Julien , Van de Gucht Tim , Vangeyte Jürgen
Published: November 2015

Better characterization of the fertilizer spreading process, especially the fertilizer pattern distribution on the ground, requires an accurate measurement of individual particle properties and dynamics. Both 2D and 3D high speed imaging techniques have been developed for this purpose. To maximize the accuracy of the predictions, a specific illumination level is required. This paper describes the development of a high irradiance LED system for high speed motion estimation of fertilizer particles. A spectral sensitivity factor was used to select the optimal LED in relation to the used camera from a range of commercially available high power LEDs. A multiple objective genetic algorithm was used to find the optimal configuration of LEDs resulting in the most homogeneous irradiance in the target area. Simulations were carried out for different lenses and number of LEDs. The chosen configuration resulted in an average irradiance level of 452 W/m2 with coefficient of variation less than 2%. The algorithm proved superior and more flexible to other approaches reported in the literature and can be used for various other applications.
Development of a Carbon Nanotube-Based Touchscreen Capable of Multi-Touch and Multi-Force Sensing
Authors: Kim Wonhyo , Oh Haekwan , Kwak Yeonhwa , Park Kwangbum , Ju Byeong-Kwon , Kim Kunnyun
Published: November 2015

A force sensing touchscreen, which detects touch point and touch force simultaneously by sensing a change in electric capacitance, was designed and fabricated. It was made with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) which have better mechanical and chemical characteristics than the indium-tin-oxide transparent electrodes used in most contemporary touchscreen devices. The SWCNTs, with a transmittance of about 85% and electric conductivity of 400 Ω per square; were coated and patterned on glass and polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) film substrates. The constructed force sensing touchscreen has a total size and thickness of 62 mm × 100 mm × 1.4 mm, and is composed of 11 driving line and 19 receiving line channels. The gap between the channels was designed to be 20 µm, taking visibility into consideration, and patterned by a photolithography and plasma etching processes. The mutual capacitance formed by the upper and lower transparent electrodes was initially about 2.8 pF and, on applying a 500 gf force with a 3 mm diameter tip, it showed a 25% capacitance variation. Furthermore, the touchscreen can detect multiple touches and forces simultaneously and is unaffected by touch material characteristics, such as conductance or non-conductance.
Nonconservative current-driven dynamics: beyond the nanoscale
Authors: Cunningham Brian , Todorov Tchavdar N , Dundas Daniel
Published: November 2015

Long metallic nanowires combine crucial factors for nonconservative current-driven atomic motion. These systems have degenerate vibrational frequencies, clustered about a Kohn anomaly in the dispersion relation, that can couple under current to form nonequilibrium modes of motion growing exponentially in time. Such motion is made possible by nonconservative current-induced forces on atoms, and we refer to it generically as the waterwheel effect. Here the connection between the waterwheel effect and the stimulated directional emission of phonons propagating along the electron flow is discussed in an intuitive manner. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics show that waterwheel modes self-regulate by reducing the current and by populating modes in nearby frequency, leading to a dynamical steady state in which nonconservative forces are counter-balanced by the electronic friction. The waterwheel effect can be described by an appropriate effective nonequilibrium dynamical response matrix. We show that the current-induced parts of this matrix in metallic systems are long-ranged, especially at low bias. This nonlocality is essential for the characterisation of nonconservative atomic dynamics under current beyond the nanoscale.
Verb Second, Subject Clitics, and Impersonals in Surmiran (Rumantsch)
Authors: Anderson Stephen R
Published: November 2015

N/A
Several Problems for Predicate Decompositions
Authors: Beavers John , Francez Itamar
Published: November 2015

N/A
An Analysis of the Use of Cognitive Verbs in American English Conversation
Authors: Buescher Susan
Published: November 2015

N/A
A Closer Look at Salish Intransitive/Transitive Alternations
Authors: Gerdts Donna B. , Hukari Thomas E.
Published: November 2015

N/A
Remarks on Word-Prosodic Typology
Authors: Hualde José Ignacio
Published: November 2015

N/A
The States in Changes of State
Authors: Koontz-Garboden Andrew
Published: November 2015

N/A
Semantic Changes in Apparent Time
Authors: Magué Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2015

N/A
Complementation by Construction
Authors: Michaelis Laura
Published: November 2015

N/A
Semantic Combinatorial Processes in Argument Structure: Evidence from Light-Verbs
Authors: Piñango Maria Mercedes , Mack Jennifer , Jackendoff Ray
Published: November 2015

N/A
Right Adjunction in the Right Peripheries
Authors: Şener Serkan
Published: November 2015

N/A
Noun Incorporation and Case: Evidence from Sakha
Authors: Straughn Christopher A.
Published: November 2015

N/A
Frame-Based Constraints on Lexical Choice in Metaphor
Authors: Sullivan Karen
Published: November 2015

N/A
The Perfect Converb? Semantically-Related Functions of the Sinhala Conjunctive Participle
Authors: Taylor Chris
Published: November 2015

N/A
The Effects of Lexical Frequency and Stress on Coarticulation
Authors: Yun Gwanhi
Published: November 2015

N/A
Jūrų transporto raidos įtaka uostamiesčių urbanistinei plėtrai (Klaipėdos pavyzdžiu)
Authors: Truskauskienė Eglė
Published: November 2015

Straipsnis skirtas uosto ir miesto teritorijų ryšio stiprinimo problemai nagrinėti. Jūrų transporto raidos ypatumai pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais uostamiesčių urbanistinei plėtrai suteikė naujų postūmių, todėl atsirado naujų galimybių šią problemą spręsti būdais, naudingais tiek uostui, tiek miestui. Europos uostų praktika rodo, jog uosto ir miesto teritorijų ryšius galima stiprinti analizuojant transporto prigimtį, teritorijų efektyvumą, uosto raidos ciklą bei skatinant mišrių funkcijų atsiradimą ir visuomenės susidomėjimą pakrantėmis. Vadovaujantis šia patirtimi, siūlomos gairės, kaip jūrų transporto raida ir jos teikiamos galimybės galėtų pakeisti Klaipėdos urbanistinės plėtros perspektyvas.
Lietuvos pajūrio žemyninės dalies rekreacinės architektūros vertinimo problematika
Authors: Abromas Jonas
Published: November 2015

Rekreacinės architektūros ištakos matomos jau antikinėse kultūrose, tačiau kaip atskira specifinė architektūrinės veiklos sritis sparčią plėtrą ji įgavo praeito šimtmečio pirmoje pusėje, o Lietuvoje – prieš ketvertą dešimtmečių. Rekreacinė architektūra – tai architektūrinės veiklos šaka, kurios objektas yra rekreacinių erdvių (teritorijų, pastatų, kompleksų) ir įrenginių formavimas. Rekreacinės architektūros tikslas – sukurti optimalią (patogią, gražią ir įgyvendinamą) aplinką visoms rekreacijos rūšims ir formoms. Kaip žinome, vienas iš pagrindinių šiandieną kylančių uždavinių Lietuvos architektams, urbanistams, kraštotvarkininkams ir kitų sričių specialistams yra humaniškos architektūrinės aplinkos formavimas. Šiuo darbu, atliekant rekreacinės architektūros vertinimo problematikos analizę, siekiama išsiaiškinti esamus rekreacinės architektūros vertinimo kriterijus, jų tinkamumą vertinant rekreacinę architektūrą. Taip pat išanalizuoti šiandieną vyraujančias naujas rekreacinės architektūros statybos tendencijas ir visa tai apibendrinti išvadose.
Assessment of Etravirine Resistance in HIV-1-Infected Paediatric Patients using Population and Deep Sequencing: Final Results of the PIANO Study
Authors: Tambuyzer Lotke , Thys Kim , Hoogstoel Annemie , Nijs Steven , Tomaka Frank , Opsomer Magda , Meyer Sandra De , Vingerhoets Johan
Published: November 2015

Background

We assessed etravirine resistance in treatment-experienced, HIV-1-infected children ( n=41)/adolescents ( n=60) who received twice-daily etravirine 5.2 mg/kg and a background regimen (boosted protease inhibitor plus nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, optional enfuvirtide/raltegravir) in a Phase II, open-label, multicentre trial (PIANO).

Methods

In addition to phenotypes, viral genotypes were assessed by population and deep sequencing (PS and DS) in virological failures (VFs; baseline and end point) and responders (baseline). Minority resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) were defined as those with frequencies above 1% and not detected with PS.

Results

By week 48, 41/101 (40.6%) patients experienced VF; 17/41 (41.5%) VFs and 22/54 (40.8%) responders had ≥1 baseline etravirine RAM by PS, mainly A98G, K101E, V106I and G190A. Baseline minority etravirine RAMs ( n) were detected in 8/40 VFs (V90I [2], A98G [1], L100I [1], V106I [1], E138G [1] and Y181C [2]) and 5/38 responders (V90I [3], A98G [1], V106I [1] and E138G [1]). The most frequent emerging non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor RAMs detected by PS (≥3 VFs; n) were the etravirine RAMs Y181C (8), V90I (3), L100I (3) and E138A (3). In 15 of 29 (51.7%) VFs with baseline DS/PS and end point PS data, ≥1 emerging etravirine RAM was detected by PS, which was not detected at baseline by DS in most cases (12/15 [80.0%]). In 10/26 (38.5%) VFs with baseline/end point DS data, ≥1 additional emerging minority etravirine RAM was detected.

Conclusions

Patterns of etravirine resistance in adults, adolescents and children experiencing VF are similar. The presence of minority etravirine RAMs at baseline was not consistently associated with treatment failure. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00665847.
Chairs disparues
Authors: Souffron Valérie
Published: November 2015

Résumé Nous voyons quotidiennement sur nos écrans des morts en nombre, sans toutefois avoir à éprouver nous-mêmes la matérialité des cadavres. L’effroi qu’ils suscitent s’accommode aujourd’hui de cette désaffection. Les auteurs réunis dans ce numéro pluridisciplinaire mettent au jour les usages et les rationalisations dont les corps morts sont l’objet. On y lit l’ambiguïté de la dépouille mortelle, avec laquelle il est toujours question de trouver une bonne distance. En droit, en médecine, en art, dans la langue, dans les pratiques funéraires et les usages du deuil, celle-ci est sans cesse renégociée, et la part politique et polémique du cadavre n’en est jamais exclue.
Parler du cadavre
Authors: Courtois Martine
Published: November 2015

Résumé Si le cadavre est « ce qui n’a de nom en aucune langue » (Bossuet), comment en parle-t‑on ? Les seuls mots corps et cadavre ont des définitions fluctuantes qui témoignent de nos incertitudes. La thanatomorphose, décrite par le vocabulaire médico-légal, n’est pas totalement reconnue par la langue courante ni même par l’argot. La transformation de la personne en chose reste difficile à penser. Mais la langue familière d’aujourd’hui n’a plus la libre inventivité de l’argot du xix e  siècle, et méconnaît de plus en plus la réalité du cadavre.
De l’autopsie à la virtopsie
Authors: Souffron Valérie
Published: November 2015

Résumé La dissection appartient à l’histoire de la médecine. Elle englobe l’autopsie, dont le but est de déterminer les causes du décès, soit dans le cadre de recherches scientifiques, soit dans le cadre judiciaire dit « médico-légal ». Depuis quelques années, un nouveau dispositif technique appelé « virtopsie » vient modifier les représentations et les pratiques professionnelles par l’introduction de l’imagerie médicale pour réaliser des autopsies dites « virtuelles ». Cet article examine les changements dans les perceptions, les sensations, les pratiques et les usages des légistes et des radiologues, aux prises avec des cadavres. Il met en évidence l’importance et les modifications des cultures sensorielles, en particulier autour du toucher et de la vue, l’hypertrophie de l’œil et la mise à distance des corps que suppose la virtopsie.
L’illustration anatomique
Authors: Freund Yvan
Published: November 2015

Résumé L’illustration médicale est une discipline singulière croisant les arts et les sciences. Elle consiste à mettre en images des concepts liés à la médecine, tels que l’anatomie ou la chirurgie, et peut répondre ainsi à d’importants besoins de communication dans le domaine scientifique. Les illustrateurs médicaux se confrontent à l’observation du cadavre, une condition nécessaire à l’apprentissage et à la représentation de l’anatomie. Pour avoir accès aux corps disséqués (au sein d’institutions médicales, universitaires, soumises à des règlementations spécifiques), l’artiste doit s’engager à servir la médecine.
L’art du cadavre
Authors: Girel Sylvia
Published: November 2015

Résumé Dans les représentations ordinaires, les dépouilles mortelles font généralement « problème ». Dans les domaines de la création et du divertissement, en revanche, elles acquièrent une présence et une visibilité démultipliées. C’est particulièrement évident dans les arts visuels contemporains. On s’interrogera donc sur la manière dont le cadavre, en totalité ou partie, se livre à nous dans sa plus réaliste, voire sa plus réelle, matérialité.
Le culte des crânes chez les Bamiléké de l’ouest du Cameroun
Authors: Kuipou Roger
Published: November 2015

Résumé La question de la place du mort parmi les vivants reste pertinente dans toutes les cultures. Chez les Bamiléké de l’ouest du Cameroun, le cadavre est l’objet de rites ayant pour but de conserver la mémoire du disparu tout en éloignant la chair corruptible. À l’issue de doubles funérailles, le culte des crânes octroie au défunt le statut d’ancêtre et lui donne une place dans la communauté des vivants, qu’il ne quittera plus.
La mort chez les Parsis de Bombay
Authors: Charlier Philippe
Published: November 2015

Résumé À travers le rituel du dokhmenashini pratiqué au sein de la communauté parsie de Bombay (Inde), l’auteur explore avec un regard d’anthropologue médical l’ambivalence du corps mort à la fois respectable et souillé. Le cadavre humain est, lors des funérailles, l’objet d’une lutte entre le bien et le mal, véritable bien disputé par ces deux forces opposées. Si des témoignages de respect sont apportés au défunt par l’interface de son corps désincarné, une relative défiance l’entoure, principalement en raison des forces maléfiques qui cherchent à s’en emparer (Druj-i-Nasush).
Le corps mort dans l’histoire des sensibilités
Authors: Memmi Dominique
Published: November 2015

Résumé L’histoire des sensibilités face au corps, ici dysphorique – le corps malade, mourant ou mort –, a été le théâtre au xx e  siècle de deux changements anthropologiques majeurs : une hausse de la répugnance à la matérialité de ces corps-là, dont l’accélération s’est fait sentir au milieu du siècle, trop tard pour que Norbert Elias puisse réellement en prendre la mesure ; une contre-offensive à ce mouvement de fond, commencée dès les années 1960 dans certaines mouvances alternatives mais qui a vraiment pris son essor trente ans plus tard. L’effort pour réconcilier ces deux tendances contradictoires a engendré des bricolages sociétaux très originaux, dont notre quotidien reste aujourd’hui marqué.
Les funérailles « bio »
Authors: Anstett Élisabeth
Published: November 2015

Résumé La fin du xx e  siècle et le début du xxi e ont vu apparaître une série de technologies et de nouveaux outils funéraires revendiqués comme « bio » ou « respectueux pour l’environnement », tels que Promession, brevetée en Suède en 2001, Resomation, inventée en Écosse et brevetée aux États-Unis en 2007, l’urne biodégradable Urna Bios, inventée en Espagne en 1997, ou les cercueils putrescibles Capsula Mundi (inventés en Italie en 2002) et Émergence (inventé en France en 2012). Ces inventions et leur rapide diffusion mondiale amènent l’anthropologue à s’intéresser à l’impact des idéologies environnementalistes sur les pratiques funéraires, tout autant qu’aux représentations du cadavre dans nos sociétés contemporaines. Les diverses questions que posent le traitement mécanique des cadavres ou leur conversion en une « ressource écologique » renvoient en effet à l’évolution du statut conféré aux restes humains, et nous obligent à porter notre attention sur les transformations qui sont en train d’advenir au sein des perceptions collectives de la mort et du corps mort.
Les morts de Lampedusa
Authors: Nicolosi Guido , Panebianco Ketty
Published: November 2015

Résumé Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche empirique sur les faits tragiques survenus à Lampedusa le 3 octobre 2013 et compare deux processus culturels contraires et liés. Le premier processus ( dématérialisant ) implique des acteurs et des institutions sociales visant une dissimulation et une raréfaction des aspects matériels liés à la mort. Le second, lui ( matérialisant ), se fonde sur une reconnaissance de la mort en termes corporels. Les deux processus mobilisent des ressources physiques et cognitives et se déploient aussi bien sur le plan symbolique que réel.
Mesurer le bâti parisien à l’époque moderne
Authors: Carvais Robert
Published: November 2015

Mesurer le bâti est une mission traditionnelle dévolue aux constructeurs, qu’ils soient maçons, architectes ou ingénieurs. À la fin du XVII e siècle, une polémique naît parmi les institutions royales et corporatives pour vaincre les abus commis dans l’évaluation des biens immobiliers et accroître la maîtrise des coûts constructifs. Le toisé, c’est-à-dire la mesure à la toise, mérite d’être constituée en science et pour ce faire d’être régulé. Ce sera tout l’enjeu des débats portés par des architectes, comme Pierre Bullet, devant l’Académie d’architecture. Il s’agissait de trancher entre les deux méthodes pratiquées depuis toujours par les maçons : « la toise bout-avant sans retour » ou « celle aux us et coutume de Paris », voire d’aller au delà. Favorable aux maîtres d’œuvre, la seconde méthode sera normalisée par l’enseignement académique à partir d’Antoine Desgodets, à défaut de réformer de fond en comble les méthodes de mesure selon les outils géométriques, mais aussi par la transformation du statut de l’expert qui démontre les enjeux juridique et politique portés par cette question.
Constructions et démolitions dans le faubourg Saint-Antoine (1930-1990)
Authors: Rossi Pauline
Published: November 2015

Depuis les années 1990, l’histoire urbaine du faubourg Saint-Antoine a participé à la redécouverte des tissus constitués. Après le bouleversement typologique provoqué par l’application du Plan d’Urbanisme Directeur, l’urbanisme et l’architecture des faubourgs parisiens furent étudiés pour être pérennisés. L’histoire de ce quartier dans les deux derniers tiers du XX ? siècle permet de mieux comprendre la volonté de renouveau et de modernité qui n’a cessé, depuis l’Entre-deux-guerres, d’orienter les politiques urbaines de la capitale comme œuvres de reconquête. Le faubourg Saint-Antoine, célèbre représentant des quartiers périphériques de l’Est parisien, fut le premier à être accusé d’un retard architectural et urbain mais aussi, le premier à être redécouvert, participant à la naissance d’un nouveau regard, d’un nouvel urbanisme, de nouvelles architectures, réconciliant le rôle mémoriel de la ville et la nécessité de renouveau.
Selection, characterisation and evaluation of potential probiotic Lactobacillus spp. isolated from poultry droppings
Authors: Asghar S. , Arif M. , Nawaz M. , Muhammad K. , Ali M.A. , Ahmad M.D. , Iqbal S. , Anjum A.A. , Khan M. , Nazir J.
Published: November 2015

Aim of the present study was to characterise and evaluate probiotic potential of lactobacilli isolated from indigenous poultry. Lactobacilli were isolated from poultry droppings and identified by genus specific polymerase chain reaction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Isolates were characterised in vitro by their ability to tolerate low pH and bile salts, phytase activity, antimicrobial activity, antibiotic susceptibility profile, and autoaggregation and coaggregation with poultry gut pathogens. In vivo evaluation of selected isolates was done by their effect on the body weight gain and immune response of broiler chicks. Total of 90, one-day old chicks, were randomly divided in 9 groups and given selected lactobacilli alone and in combinations (108 cfu/bird, daily) from day 7 to day 35. Body weight gain and humoral immune response to New Castle Disease Virus (NDV) vaccine were determined weekly. Three lactobacilli isolates (SMP52, SMP64 and SMP70) were selected as potentially probiotic bacteria on the basis of in vitro characterisation and identified as Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus casei and L. crispatus, respectively. Chicks supplemented with ‘SMP52’, ‘SMP64’, ‘SMP70’ and ‘SMP64+SMP70’ and a commercial probiotic product (Protexin) showed significantly higher mean weight gain per bird (1,584±35.2, 1,629±30.6, 1,668±34.7, 1,619±29.5 and 1,576±31.7 g/bird, respectively) as compared to negative control group (1,394±26.7 g/bird), on day 35. SMP 70 also showed significantly higher geometric mean titre against NDV vaccine at day 21 as compared to negative control. It is concluded that L. crispatus SMP52, L. casei SMP64 and L. crispatus SMP70 are potential probiotic candidates which alone or in different combinations may increase body weight of broilers.
Probiotic supplementation influences faecal short chain fatty acids in infants at high risk for eczema
Authors: Kim H.K. , Rutten N.B.M.M. , Besseling-van der Vaart I. , Niers L.E.M. , Choi Y.H. , Rijkers G.T. , van Hemert S.
Published: November 2015

The composition of the gut microbiota plays a role in the development of allergies. Based on the immunomodulating capacities of bacteria, various studies have investigated the potential role for probiotics in the prevention of childhood eczema. In a previous study we have shown that significantly less children developed eczema after probiotic supplementation (Bifidobacterium bifidum W23, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis W52 and Lactococcus lactis W58, Ecologic®Panda) at three months of age as compared to controls. Here, metabolites in faecal samples of these 3-month old children were measured by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance to investigate possible gut metabolic alterations. Lower amounts of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), succinate, phenylalanine and alanine were found in faecal samples of children later developing eczema, whereas the amounts of glucose, galactose, lactate and lactose were higher compared to the children not developing eczema. Although these differences were already present at the age of 3 months, eczema did not develop in the majority of children before the age of 1 year. Supplementation of multispecies probiotics seems to induce higher levels of lactate and SCFAs, and lower levels of lactose and succinate when compared with the placebo group. This might explain the temporary preventive effect of probiotics on the development of eczema. These results highlight the role bacterial metabolites may play in development of the immune system, even before clinical manifestations of allergic disease arise.
Weissella paramesenteroides WpK4 reduces gene expression of intestinal cytokines, and hepatic and splenic injuries in a murine model of typhoid fever
Authors: Alvim L.B. , Sandes S.H.C. , Silva B.C. , Steinberg R.S. , Campos M.H.A , Acurcio L.B. , Arantes R.M.E. , Nicoli J.R. , Neumann E. , Nunes Á.C.
Published: November 2015

Diarrhoea in piglets by Salmonella and other pathogens can be a serious health problem. Non-drug treatments such as probiotic microorganisms have various effects on the gastrointestinal microbiota dysbiosis and host immune system modulation. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the suitable use of Weissella paramesenteroides WpK4 strain isolated from healthy piglets as an alternative prophylactic or therapeutic treatment against Salmonella Typhimurium. Out of 37 lactic acid bacteria isolates, 24 strains belonging to the Weissella and Lactobacillus genera were analysed in vitro for desirable probiotic characteristics. The W. paramesenteroides WpK4 strain fulfilled all in vitro tests: resistance to acidic pH and bile salts, hydrophobic cell surface, antagonism against bacterial pathogens, H2O2 production and exopolysaccharide secretion, and non-transferable resistance to antibiotics. Mice fed with WpK4 showed no signs of bacterial translocation to the liver or spleen and decreased Salmonella translocation to these organs. Significantly, WpK4 intake attenuated the weight loss, fostered the preservation of intestinal architecture and integrity, and promoted survival in mice following infection with Salmonella Typhimurium. In addition, WpK4 modulated immune cellular response by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducing anti-inflammatory mediators. These findings validate the probiotic properties of W. paramesenteroides WpK4 strain, and its eventual use in piglets.
Modelo de precipitación en aceros microaleados tanto en condiciones isotérmicas como de enfriamiento continuo
Authors: Medina Sebastián F. , Quispe Alberto , Gómez Manuel
Published: November 2015

Los precipitados de V y Nb (nitruros y carburos) pueden inhibir la recristalización estática de la austenita, pero no sucede lo mismo con el Ti que forma nitruros a altas temperaturas. Los diagramas RPTT muestran la interacción entre la recristalización y la precipitación, permitiendo estudiar la cinética de la misma y el crecimiento de los precipitados. Partiendo de la expresión de Dutta y Sellars se ha construido un modelo para la precipitación inducida por la deformación en aceros microaleados. El nuevo modelo toma en cuenta la influencia de las variables que intervienen en la deformación a alta temperatura, tales como los porcentajes de elementos microaleantes, la magnitud de la deformación, la temperatura, la velocidad de deformación y el tamaño de grano. Los diagramas Recristalización-Precipitación-Tiempo- Temperatura (RPTT) fueron dibujados gracias a un estudio realizado por medio de ensayos de torsión con aproximadamente 20 aceros con diferentes contenidos de V, Nb y Ti. El análisis matemático de los resultados recomienda, entre otros aspectos, la modificación de algunos parámetros tales como la relación de supersaturación (ks) y de la constante B que pasa a ser una función de ks. El modelo es ahora más consistente y predice los diagramas Precipitación-Tiempo-Temperatura (PTT) con mayor exactitud. El modelo de cinética de precipitación es completado con la ecuación de Avrami. Finalmente, el modelo construido en condiciones isotérmicas es convertido a condiciones de enfriamiento continuo y de este modo puede ser aplicado a la laminación en caliente.