bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of pH on the simultaneous determination of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry and Multivariate Calibration
Authors: E.B. da Silva Fabiana , R.R. Almeida Willian , R. Paula Fávero , L.H. Müller Aline , M.M. Flores Érico , F Ferrão Marco
Published: October 2019

Analytical techniques based on Ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry are widely used in pharmaceutical analysis, because they are simple and inexpensive. The choice of pH is critical in the development of univariate methods for pharmaceutical quantitation by UV spectrophotometry since changes may modify the absorption spectrum profile. Similar to univariate methods by UV spectrophotometry changes in pH may influence the predictive ability of multivariate models, affecting the resultant analytical performance. We report herein on the influence of pH on the simultaneous determination of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) and trimethoprim (TMP) in tablets using UV spectrophotometry and multivariate calibration. Data were recorded using a UV spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 200 to 350 nm. The experimental matrix was constructed using 36 synthetic samples of SMZ-TMP mixtures. The concentration ranges used for the investigation were 14.0 to 26.0 mg L-1 for SMZ and 2.8 to 5.2 mg L-1 for TMP. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression models were generated with full-spectrum and multiple pH levels. At pH 4.3, lower values of relative standard error of prediction (RSEP %) for SMZ (1.83) and TMP (1.13) were obtained. The PLS model at pH 4.3 was used for the quantification of real samples (tablets obtained from 13 different manufacturers) and the results were compared with conventional procedures using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF AGOMELATINE IN COATED TABLETS
Authors: De Souza Barbosa Fábio , Coty Rodrigues Vanise , Volpato Nadia Maria , S. Schapoval Elfrides E. , Steppe Martin , Garcia Cássia V. , L. Mendez Andreas S.
Published: October 2019

UV spectrophotometry is an analytical technique used routinely for qualitative and quantitative assay due the low cost and reliability during analysis. In this work, it was validated a quantitative UV method for determination of agomelatine in coated tablets. The parameters specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness were evaluated according to official guidelines. Methanol was selected as solvent and the maximum wavelength for drug analysis was 230 nm. The purposed assay showed to be specific and the linearity was proved in a range of 0.5 - 2.5 µg/mL. The RSD values obtained during precision assay (inter-day RSD = 1.75%) indicated the method reproducibility, and the accuracy testing showed good results from recovery test. Robustness assay was complementary and showed that the purposed method is adequate for drug quantitation in commercial samples, being a reliable alternative to chromatographic assay.
ANALYTICAL METHOD BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY TO ASSAY PIPERINE ASSOCIATED IN NANOEMULSIONS
Authors: Motta Mariana Heldt , Schneider Aline , Codevilla Cristiane Franco , Menezes Cristiano , Da Silva Cristiane De Bona
Published: October 2019

This work aimed to develop and validate a simple, fast and low cost analytical method for the quantification of the bioactive piperine in nanoemulsions by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Nanoemulsions were prepared by spontaneous emulsification and their physicochemical properties were evaluated. Considering the chromatographic conditions, the mobile phase was composed by methanol:water (70:30, v/v), Gemini® C18 column, and UV detection at 343 nm. The method was linear in the concentration range of 5-50 μg mL-1 (r = 0.9999), specific, precise (repeatability of RSD 0.38 % and intermediate precision of RSD 1.11 %), accurate (101.3 %) and robust. Nanoemulsions showed nanometric droplet size, polidispersity index below 0.11 and negative zeta potential. The piperine content in the samples was 0.99 ± 0.01 mg mL-1. Regarding these features, the analytical conditions proposed in this work were adequate and effective to determine the piperine content in nanoemulsions.
STABILITY-INDICATING LC METHOD FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF MIDAZOLAM ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENT AND IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS
Authors: Dalla Costa Bádila Regina , Bertol Charize Dallazem , Anzilaggo Daiane , Stulzer Hellen Karine , Rossato-Grando Luciana Grazziotin
Published: October 2019

A stability-indicating LC method was validated for the quantification of midazolam (MDZ) active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and in pharmaceutical formulations. Isocratic chromatography was performed on C18 column with mobile phase containing methanol/acetonitrile/water (45:35:20 v/v/v) with 0.4% of triethylamine pH 6.5. The validation included specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. In specificity, after acid, basic, neutral, oxidant and thermal degradation, it was found that the concentration of MDZ decreased substantially, with the appearance of peaks representatives of the degradation products, proving the stability-indicating power of the method. The response was linear in the range 50.0 – 250.0 µg.mL-1, with 11.73 µg.mL-1 and 3.87 µg.mL-1 as LOQ and LOD, respectively. Recoveries ranged between 98.68 and 100.41%. The relative standard deviation values for intra and interday precision were 1.11%, 0.82% and 1.47%, respectively. The tablets and injections containing MDZ were approved in the assay and content uniformity. The method can be adopted by pharmacopeias and for routine quality control for analysis of MDZ API, tablets and injection.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRY AND LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF CEFPIROME IN RAW MATERIAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE
Authors: Oppe Tércio Paschke , Menegola Júlia , Schapoval Elfrides Eva Scherman
Published: October 2019

In the present work, analytical methods, UV Spectrophotometry and Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), were developed and validated for quantification of cefpirome, a broad-spectrum fourth-generation cephalosporin, in raw material and powder for injectable preparation. The UV spectrophotometric method was performed at 271 nm, using 0.1 M hydrochloric acid as solvent. The HPLC was carried out using Techsphere ODS column and mobile phase consisted of methanol-water (30:70, v/v) with flow rate 0.8 mL/min and UV detection at 265 nm. The validation method yielded good results demonstrated statistically that the methods were linear, precise, accurate, specific and robust. A preliminary stability study of cefpirome showed that the UV Spectrophotometry and Liquid Chromatography methods were specific for the determination cefpirome in the presence of its degradation products. No statistically difference was observed between the proposed methods. The UV Spectrophotometry and Liquid Chromatography methods allow the quantitation of cefpirome in pharmaceutical dosage form and raw material and can be used for the drug analysis in routine quality control.
Assessment of the technical condition of prefabricated elements using the acoustic emission method
Authors: Krampikowska A. , Adamczak-Bugno A.
Published: October 2019

he article presents the results of tests using the acoustic emission method during the formation process of T-27 prestressed concrete beams. The studies included two stages. The first – testing the compressive strength of the cubic samples taken from the trial batch used for the production of beams together with the acquisition of acoustic emission signals. The second – measurements by acoustic emission, on the actual construction element during accelerated maturation of concrete caused by heating. The undertaking of the above subject results from the fact that this issue is of great importance when assessing the durability of reinforced concrete and pre-compressed elements in the aspect of the analysis of these structures in terms of durability. The impact of material degradation on the durability of the structure is difficult to appraise due to the lack of reliable results needed to estimate the durability of the selected statistical approach. However, the use of the acoustic emission method based on the identification of destructive processes creates the possibility of locating, identifying and monitoring the emerging and developing destructive processes affecting the durability of concrete elements.
Analysis of additional works in completed railway construction projects
Authors: Lesniak A. , Janowiec F.
Published: October 2019

The railway construction investments are characterized by a significant extension of individual phases and an increased number of entities participating in the construction investment process. Despite the use of many modern methods and techniques unforeseen phenomena and events which may occur during the execution of the investment cannot be excluded. All unexpected situations usually initiate consequences in the form of additional workload and costs not included by the contractor and longer duration of works. This fact is commonly referred to as the occurrence of the so-called additional works. The paper presents the results of research concerning additional works occurring during the realization of railway construction projects performed in southern Poland. The analysis was based on data which concerned projects completed in the period from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2018.
Studying and evaluating the performance of pedestrian crossing facilities in Babil governorate
Authors: Dakhil A.J. , Shaheed S.M. , Alobaidi D.A.
Published: October 2019

Walking is one of the oldest means of mobility. It is an indispensable necessity to reach destinations despite the fact that walking or walking is one of everyday activities of man, which have positive effects on health, and activity on the one hand; vehicles cannot reach destinations only required by often walking from the other. The main problem address by the research is the random passage of the sieve and uncontrolled when it is most designs for the city’s road network have not addressed. This fundamental problem as well as the lack of a city to the safe facilities to cross the pedestrian. Therefore, this paper is a trial to study and analyze the current reality of crossing the sap then find solutions and treatments that reduce or limit the overlap between different traffic events and events crossing the pedestrian. Field data on the syllabic traffic volumes collected in all areas of the study (peak hour volume) and the photographic technique method. The study chose four areas to study the sap (60th Street, 40th Street, Al-Hussein, intersection circle at Babel Health Department), which are residential, commercial and educational zones, representing diversity in land use and scheme sidewalk and the design of the city of Hilla. The study attempted to show the state of lateral walks. The study also used the questionnaire method (interview survey) to determine the suitability of pedestrian bridges in transit and land transit. The study concluded that the area of Al-Hussein represents the highest traffic volumes of the sieve in addition to the lack of it the sidewalks in terms of absorption and quality and abuses. As well as the reluctance to use pedestrian bridges in transit in the area of 60th Street through high ground transit time, which necessitates the establishment of dual-step (fixed and mobile) – legislation and education through all means.
"Jack of all trades" spotted in the Clinical Centre of Vojvodina - first detection of Aeromonas hydrophila from urinary tract infection samples
Authors: Smiesko Gordana , Gusman Vera , Banovic Pavle
Published: October 2019

Aeromonas hydrophila is representative of group within the Aeromonadaceae family that mainly causes infections in humans. Aeromonads can induce meningitis, septicemia, respiratory and hemolytic uremic syndrome as well as gastroenteritis. Regarding diverse mechanisms involved in virulence and metabolic adaptation of Aeromonas hydrophila to various hosts and environments it is often introduced as ?Jack of all trades.? Here we report the first isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila from urine samples of three patients from the Urology Department within the Clinical Centre of Vojvodina. Epidemiological survey identified contact with surface water as the only mutual risk parameter. Following that, novel antibacterial agents against Aeromonas hydrophila are discussed
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SAINS TEKNOLOGI MASYARAKAT (STM), KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL, DAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS
Authors: Ardani Putu Asih , Lasmawan I Wayan , Astra Wesnawa I Gede
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 12 Denpasar dengan tujuan (1) untuk menganalisis perbedaan keterampilan sosial antara siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran STM dan siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran konvensional pada siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 12  Denpasar, (2) Untuk menganalisis perbedaan hasil belajar IPS antara siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran STM dan siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran konvensional pada siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 12  Denpasar, (3) untuk menganalisis perbedaan secara simultan keterampilan dan hasil belajar IPS antara siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran STM dan siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran konvensional pada siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 12  Denpasar. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 12 Denpasar tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 berjumlah 314 orang yang tersebar di delapan kelas, sampel penelitian dengan random sampling,  ditentukan kelas VIIA terpilih sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIID sebagai kelas kontrol dengan jumlah masing-masing sampel 40 orang. Data dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner dan tes. Data dianalisis dengan anava dan manova satu jalur dengan uji F. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat perbedaan keterampilan sosial siswa antara yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran STM dan konvensional dengan Fhitung = 19,414 (p = 0,000 < 0,05).  Dengan demikian dapat dinyatakan bahwa model pembelajaran STM berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan sosial siswa, (2) terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar IPS siswa antara yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran STM dan konvensional dengan Fhitung = 8,006 (p = 0,0066 < 0,05). Dengan demikian dapat dinyatakan bahwa model pembelajaran STM berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar IPS siswa, dan (3) terdapat perbedaan keterampilan sosial dan hasil belajar IPS siswa antara yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran STM dan konvensional dengan FWilks' Lambda = 14,980  (p = 0,000 < 0,05). Dengan demikian dapat dinyatakan bahwa model pembelajaran STM berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap keterampilan sosial dan hasil belajar IPS siswa. Kata kunci:  model pembelajaran STM, pembelajaran konvensional, keterampilan sosial, hasil belajar IPS
The Role of Islamic Education Teachers in Developing Student Personalities
Authors: Susilo Hari Aji
Published: October 2019

Since birth, humans have had basic desires, namely the desire to be one with the atmosphere of the surrounding environment. At one time, there will be social interaction which will then occur social activities because social interaction is the main requirement for social activities. Islam respects people who work as teachers. Teachers can read socio-religious conditions towards more advanced conditions. This is where the importance of religious teachers to carry out their roles. If someone uses his rights and obligations according to his position, then he takes on the role. If they can use their rights and obligations properly, it can be said otherwise if they have not been able to use their rights and obligations, which means that they have not been able to carry out their roles properly. Professional and skilled educators, dedication and expertise are needed and expected and carry out community development. Islamic religious teachers act and say according to religious norms and society. They are required to collaborate with the community in a compact manner for the success of achieving the desired conditions. The growth and development of the child's personality occur through life experiences both in the family, in school and in the community. The more religious values internalized, attitudes, actions, behaviors, and ways of dealing with life will be in accordance with religious teachings, so that a complete and ideal personality pattern is formed based on religious values.
Pacientes cubanos con neoplasias mieloproliferativas crónicas Filadelfia negativas clásicas y mutación JAK2 V617F
Authors: Casanueva Karina
Published: October 2019

Antecedentes: La mutación JAK2V617F constituye un marcador importante para definir la presencia de una neoplasia mieloproliferativa Filadelfia negativa clásica. Como generalidad se ha observado en cerca del 90 % de los casos con Policitemia Vera (PV) y en aproximadamente el 50 % de los casos con Trombocitemia Esencial (TE) y Mielofibrosis Primaria (MP). Objetivo: Evaluar la frecuencia de la mutación JAK2V617Fen pacientes cubanos con neoplasias mieloproliferativas Filadelfia negativas clásicas. Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo que incluyó a 95 pacientes con neoplasias mieloproliferativas Filadelfia negativas clásicas remitidos del serviciode Hematología del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico “Hermanos Ameijeiras”. La detección de la mutación se realizó mediante la técnica de PCR alelo-específico en el Laboratorio de Genética Molecular de dicha institución. Resultados: Del total de pacientes estudiados 56 (58,9%) resultaron positivos a la mutación y 39 (41,1%) negativos. La mayor frecuencia se encontró en los pacientes con PV (n=33, 75%), seguida de la TE, (n=22; 46.8%) y la MP (n=1; 25%). La asociación entre las frecuencias de la mutación y las patologías clínicas fueron significativas (P=0,009).El mayor porcentaje de pacientes con la mutación correspondió a la población masculina (n=30, 53,6%), al color de la piel blanco (n=40, 71,4%) y en aquellos mayores o igual de 50 años. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de la mutación JAK2V617F en pacientes cubanos con PV, TE y MP está en correspondencia con las reportadas en estudios similares en otros escenarios poblacionales.
Leucemia linfoblástica aguda: Mecanismos genéticos.
Authors: López Hernández Gerardo
Published: October 2019

La leucemia linfoblástica aguda es el padecimiento oncológico más común en pediatría. Es una entidad genéticamente compleja que persiste como causa importante de mortalidad relacionada al cáncer infantil. Su actual éxito terapéutico es el producto de los avances en el entendimiento de su perfil genómico, dando como resultado la precisa asignación del riesgo en función de las características biológicas y clínicas de los pacientes al diagnóstico, así como la respuesta al tratamiento con la modulación adecuada de la intensidad de la quimioterapia. Esta revisión describe el actual panorama genético de la leucemia linfoblástica aguda pediátrica.Palabras clave:leucemia linfoblástica aguda, genética, tratamiento, pronóstico.
Algunos datos del linfoma T/NK: a propósito de un caso
Authors: Trigos Pérez Ángel Fernando
Published: October 2019

Los Linfomas T/NK (LTNK) son neoplasias poco frecuentes, de las cuales se tiene poca información bibliográfica y poca experiencia en su tratamiento, son de evolución rápida y con mal pronóstico. Se sabe que algunos factores de riesgo para desarrollar esta neoplasia son la exposición a pesticidas, solventes, la infección por el virus de Epstein-Barr(VEB) y la ascendencia asiática e hispanoamericana. Algunos de los factores pronósticos de mayor importancia son los estadios clínicos de Ann Arbor al momento del diagnóstico, lo cual va relacionado con lograr un diagnóstico oportuno ya que la mayoría presentan retraso en el diagnóstico. Otros factores importantes en el pronóstico son la extensión a Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC), la edad adulta y ciertos marcadores bioquímicos, tales como la deshidrogenasa láctica (DHL) y el fibrinógeno.Palabras claves: Linfoma T / Natural Killer, Virus Epstein-Barr, Clasificación Ann-Arbor.
Note sur les populations relictuelles de Betula pendula Roth subsp. fontqueri (Rothm.) dans le Rif Centro-Occidental (Maroc).
Authors: Ennouni Hassan , Ater Mohammed
Published: October 2019

Cette note concerne une espèce relictuelle rare et menacée au Maroc Betula pendula Roth subsp. fontqueri (Rothm.). C’est une espèce à haute valeur patrimoniale et de grand intèrêt pour la biodiversité. La note présente une actualisation des donnèes sur la localisation des sites où cette cette espèce existe dans le nord du Maroc et propose  une révision de son statut de conservation sur le projet de liste rouge régionale.
Using Patent Development, Education Policy and Research and Development Expenditure Policy to Understand Differences Between Countries – The Case of Estonia and Germany
Authors: Dutt Pawan Kumar , Wahl Mike , Kerikmae Tanel
Published: October 2019

Innovation is the key factor for economic growth. RDI policies pursued in a wholesome manner can have long term social significance. The true value of an invention depends upon factors such as its economic value, strategic value, cultural value and social value. Estonia and Germany share a long historical and legal connection. The German economy is strong and Germany has safeguarded it’s manufacturing, mining and construction sector through incremental innovation and focused state funding for RDI activities. Germany runs cost efficient entrepreneurship promotion programs. RDI in Estonia is dependent upon EU funding. Estonia lags behind Germany in respect of several global rankings related to technology and innovativeness. To make the Estonian economy knowledge-driven and technologically intensive, the state must focus on cultural, economic, social and strategic factors. Estonia should adopt RDI policies similar to Germany and also use the new UP regime to help its SMEs to acquire foreign patents.
The Significance of Direct Contacts in the Process of Building Relations with Student Candidates
Authors: Mruk-Tomczak Dobrosława
Published: October 2019

In the second decade of the 21st century the graduates of high schools — student candidates — already belong to the next generation, called generation “Z”. This generation has been raised in the virtual world. Constant and unlimited access to the Internet leads to a situation in which it constitutes the most important communication channel and a source of information about the world surrounding them. Appreciating the significance of modern technologies and their role in building relations with student candidates, we can’t forget about the significance of direct contacts. For those facing the choice of university, which to a large extent may determine the kind of future professional career, communication in the virtual world, even though necessary, turns out to be insufficient. Meetings with candidates at universities, or high schools, lectures given by academic teachers to high school students, meetings with students, or other forms of direct contacts are still important elements of establishing and building relations with potential student candidates. The goal of this article is highlighting the significance of direct meetings in the process of establishing and building relations between a university and potential student candidates. To carry out the assumed goal a quantitative research on a group of high school students was carried out by means of the technique of auditorium questionnaire. On the basis of obtained results it was concluded that in the context of looking for information about the offer of universities young people from high schools expect direct meetings. What attracts particular attention are visits to universities, during which young people get the opportunity to participate in various activities. What turned out to be an important element of building direct relations were contacts with the students of a particular university. As the results of research have shown, it is worth engaging university students more often in the communication activities of universities.
The Possibility of Overcoming Barriers in International Cooperation in the Area of R&D from the Point of View of a Research Unit, Based on the Example of the Institute of Aviation
Authors: Wyka Sylwester
Published: October 2019

The article presents the possibilities of overcoming barriers in international cooperation from the point of view of a research unit. The goal of the article is the presentation of good management practices in international cooperation in the area of R&D between the Institute of Aviation and General Electric, which reduce the level of uncertainty of cooperation. In the text the results of quantitative research concerning barriers for technological cooperation between Polish entities and foreign partners were used. Case study analysis revealed the possibility of reducing these barriers. Data for the case study were collected in interviews with the managers of both the Polish and the American partner. Partner cooperation between organizations brings mutual benefits and motivates the partners to pursue further development of cooperation and reduces the transaction costs resulting from cooperation in a sensitive area. Both organizations have worked out a series of good practices of international cooperation in the area of R&D, which can be used for overcoming barriers in establishing international R&D cooperation by Polish companies.
Understanding Factors influencing Consumers Online Purchase intention Via Mobile App: Perceived Ease of use, Perceived Usefulness, System Quality, information Quality, and Service Quality
Authors: Hanjaya S.T. Markun , Kenny S. Kom , Gunawan S.S. S.E. Freddy
Published: October 2019

The development of technology has been significantly given the implication towards consumer’s behaviour in having the online purchase intention via mobile app that has been developed by the e-commerce company to serve better and deliver a better service to the consumers; especially when internet has connected people through their smartphones. The insignificant growth in doing the online purchase via mobile app which does not go along with the growth of internet mobile users in Indonesia and Singapore will deliver this study in order to evaluate and validate the implication of ease of use, usefulness, system quality, information quality, and service quality towards consumer’s behaviour in having the online purchase intention via mobile app. Data was gathered with survey by spreading 100 questionnaires randomly to the respondents who had the experience in doing the online purchase via mobile app in the last 6 months in Indonesia and Singapore. The methodology in doing this study is the quantitative approach by considering the connection amongst the independent variables and the dependent variables. This research found that usefulness and information quality significantly affect the online purchase intention through mobile app in Indonesia while in Singapore ease of use, usefulness, and service quality significantly affect the online purchase intention through mobile app.
SiN/SiO2 passivation stack of n-type silicon surface
Authors: El Amrani A. , Si-Kaddour R. , Maoudj M. , Nasraoui C.
Published: October 2019

The SiN/SiO2 stack is widely used to passivate the surface of n-type monocrystalline silicon solar cells. In this work, we have undertaken a study to compare the stack layer obtained with SiO2 grown by both rapid thermal and chemical ways to passivate n-type monocrystalline silicon surface. By varying the plateau time and the plateau temperature of the rapid thermal oxidation, we determined the parameters to grow 10 nm thick oxide. Two-step nitric acid oxidation was used to grow 2 nm thick silicon oxide. Silicon nitride films with three refractive indices were used to produce the SiN/SiO2 stack. Regarding this parameter, the minority carrier lifetime measured by means of QSSPC revealed that the refractive index of 1.9 ensured the best passivation quality of silicon wafer surface. We also found that stacks with nitric acid oxidation showed definitely the best passivation quality. In addition to produce the most efficient passivation, this technique has the lowest thermal budget.
The Cultural and Educational Dimension of the “New Silk Road:” The Re-invention of Mongolness at the Sino-Tibetan Borderlands
Authors: Wallenböck Ute
Published: October 2019

In October 2013, Xí Jìnpíng presented not only an ambitious infrastructure project but a strategic initiative that promoted connections in many regards: the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). One intended strategic value of this initiative is the improvement of relations between China and its neigh-bours as well as the improvement of dialogue among different civilizations. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the shared historical cultural heritage of the involved ethnic groups, while the idea of a ‘harmonious society’ is promoted at the same time. The aim of this article is to shed light on how China expands its soft power through civilizational connections along the Sino-Mongolian-Russian Economic Corridor by referring to the Silk Road Academic Belt. This article is based on ethnographic field research in Hénán Mongol Autonomous County in the Sino-Tibetan borderlands of Qīnghǎi Province during an international conference titled “Historical and Cultural Links between Mongolia and Tibet,” held in July 2017.1
Catcalling : Candaan, Pujian atau Pelecehan Seksual
Authors: Dewi Ida Ayu Adnyaswari
Published: October 2019

The act of whistling, being called as “darling”, “gek”, “handsome” or “beautiful” and unwanted verbal comments are classified as “catcalling”, which is included as a form of harassment. This harassment can be easily experienced by anyone in their daily lives, even today, it is still considered as something normal. Seeing this phenomenon, it is deemed necessary to study the “catcalling” regulation in the Indonesian legal system and the view of the community towards “catcalling” itself. The purpose of this journal is to find out the regulations and the views of the community toward “catcalling”. The result that obtained in this study is the regulation of “catcalling” indirectly, already in Indonesian Law in the Article 281 of the Criminal Code, Article 351 of the Criminal Code, Article 9 of the Pornography Law, Article 35 of the Pornography Law and Article 86 paragraph (1) of the Employment Law, but with the differences in the use of the terms in the articles eventually, can limit the use of these articles. Based on the results of an online survey, most people said that “catcalling” is not a joke or praise, those who experience “catcalling” feel angry, disgusted and afraid when they experience it. The survey result shows that it is necessary to have a specific regulation to regulate “catcalling.”

Tindakan bersiul, dipanggil dengan sebutan “sayang”, “gek”, “ganteng” atau “cantik” dan komentar verbal yang tidak diinginkan, tergolong kedalam “catcalling” yang termasuk sebagai bentuk pelecehan. Pelecehan ini dengan sangat mudah dapat dialami oleh siapapun dalam kehidupan sehari-harinya, bahkan sampai saat ini hal tersebut masih dianggap sebagai suatu hal yang biasa. Melihat fenomena ini, maka dirasa perlu untuk dikaji pengaturan “catcalling” dalam sistem hukum Indonesia dan pandangan masyarakat terhadap “catcalling” itu sendiri, haruskah diadakan suatu aturan mengenai “catcalling”. Tujuan penulisan jurnal ini ialah untuk mengetahui tentang pengaturan dan pandangan masyarakat terhadap “catcalling”. Hasil yang didapatkan dalam penelitian ini ialah aturan “catcalling” secara tidak langsung sudah ada di dalam peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia pada Pasal 281 KUHP, Pasal 351 KUHP, Pasal 9 UU Pornografi, Pasal 35 UU Pornografi dan Pasal 86 ayat (1) UU Ketenagakerjaan, namun dengan adanya perbedaan penggunaan istilah dalam setiap pasal mengakibatkan dibatasinya penggunaan pasal-pasal tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil survei online sebagian besar masyarakat menyebutkan bahwa “catcalling” bukanlah suatu candaan atau pujian, mereka yang mengalami “catcalling” merasa marah, jijik dan takut ketika mengalami “catcalling”. Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa dirasa perlu adanya suatu aturan khusus yang mengatur tentang “catcalling”.
Kebijakan Formulasi Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pengguna Jasa Prostitusi Melalui Media Online
Authors: Korassa Sonbai Alexander Imanuel
Published: October 2019

The phenomenon of online prostitution became a hot issue in Indonesia. Online Prostitution Article 27 paragraph (1) Jo. Article 45 paragraph (1) of the ITE Law, Article 296 of the Criminal Code, Article 506 of the Criminal Code, Article 2 paragraph (1) of Law No. 21 of 2007 concerning Eradication of Crime in Trafficking in Persons, and Article 30 Jo. Article 4 paragraph (2) Law No. 44 of 2008 concerning Pornography. However, in the article has not set explicitly against online prostitution service users. The aim of this study was to elaborate on the user settings prostitution service through online media and forms of criminal responsibility prostitution service users through online media. The method used is a normative legal research. This type of approach is used, among others: statue approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach. The results of the study indicate that the formulation policy criminal liability for online prostitution service users has not yet been regulated in Indonesian legislation, from the results of a comparison with Sweden (Sex Purchase Act) also regulates the criminal liability of users of online prostitution services and should the rules in the future refer to Swedish law (sex purchase act).

Fenomena prostitusi online menjadi suatu isu hangat di Indonesia. Prostitusi online Pasal 27 ayat (1) Jo. Pasal 45 ayat (1) UU ITE, Pasal 296 KUHP, Pasal 506 KUHP, Pasal 2 ayat (1) UU No. 21 tahun 2007 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang, dan Pasal 30 Jo. Pasal 4 ayat (2) UU No. 44 tahun 2008 tentang Pornografi. Namun, dalam pasal tersebut belum mengatur secara eksplisit terhadap pengguna jasa prostitusi online. Tujuan studi ini ialah untuk mengelaborasi pengaturan pengguna jasa prostitusi melalui media online dan bentuk pertanggungjawaban pidana pengguna jasa prostitusi melalui media online. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Jenis pendekatan yang digunakan antara lain: pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan perbandingan. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan formulasi pertanggungjawaban pidana pengguna jasa prostitusi online saat ini belum di atur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia, dari hasil perbandingan dengan Swedia (Sex Purchase Act) mengatur juga pertanggungjawaban pidana pengguna jasa prostitusi online dan sebaiknya aturan di masa mendatang mengacu pada hukum swedia (sex purchase act)
PENGGUNAAN UPAYA HUKUM NOVASI DALAM PENYELESAIAN PERMASALAHAN HUKUM PERUSAHAAN YANG MENGALAMI KERUGIAN
Authors: Permana I Gede Angga
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan-tujuan yang diharapkan, tujuan penelitian di dalam jurnal ini ada dua ialah sebagai berikut, satu, tujuan secara khusus dan dua, tujuan secara umum. Tulisan penelitian ini secara umum menambah pemahaman atau ilmu pengetahuan serta memberikan sumbangan kepada ilmu hukum perdata yang berkaitan dengan novasi atau persetujuan pembaruan utang. Berbeda dengan tujuan umum, tujuan khusus di dalam tulisan penelitian ini ialah untuk memahami pengaturan dan akibat hukum dari penggunaan novasi di Indonesia, serta mengetahui perbedaan novasi dengan penundaan kewajiban pembayaran utang dalam mengatasi permasalah hukum bagi perusahaan yang mengalami kepailitan.

Metoda penelitian yang dipakai di dalam tulisan penelitian ini ialah tata-cara penelitian hukum secara normative yang menelaah kebenaran dari suatu peristiwa hukum atau fakta-fakta hukum yang timbul dari beberapa penyebab tertentu.  Penulisan penelitian ini dijalankan dengan tata-cara menelaah sejarah hukum, norma hukum, asas-asas hukum, prinsip-prinsip hukum, peraturan hukum yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan yang diteliti, kontrak, persetujuan, perjanjian-perjanjian yang berkembang yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan yang di telaah, serta pendapat para ahli hukum yang diakui kebenaranya oleh publik. Hasil pembahasan dari jurnal ini ialah, Novasi atau persetujuan pembaruan utang di atur di dalam Pasal 1413-1424 Kitab Undang-undang hukum perdata. Akibat hukum dari dilakukannya novasi atau persetujuan pembaruan utang berdasarkan Pasal 1338 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata adalah persetujuan yang dilakukan oleh debitur dengan kreditur menjadi undang-undang atau aturan yang mengikat yang harus dilaksanakan oleh kedua belah pihak.

Perbedaan penggunaan novasi dengan penundaan kewajiban pembayaran utang juga dijelaskan. Novasi dilakukan jika debitur atau perusahaan tidak bisa melunasi perjanjian atau persetujuan awal mengenai utang-piutang. Dalam hal ini penyelesaian debitur atau perusahaan yang tidak mampu membayar utang-utangnya dilakukan melalui jalur perjanjian atau persetujuan. Sedangkan penundaan kewajiban pembayaran utang dilakukan jika debitur atau perusahaan mengalami kepailitan sehingga debitur dapat melakukan upaya hukum penundaan kewajiban pembayaran utang yang dilakukan dengan mengajukan permohonan penundaan kewajiban pembayaran utang ke pengadilan. Dengan demikian, penyelesaian perusahaan atau debitur yang mengalami kerugian dan tidak mampu membayar utangnya dilakukan melalui jalur pengadilan dengan mengajukan permohonan.
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau: Transformational Leadership in the Federal Government
Authors: Plakhov Demyan
Published: October 2019

An analysis of Justin Trudeau's leadership style.
The Impact of the Supreme Court of Canada on Intergovernmental Relations
Authors: Goldlist Benjamin
Published: October 2019

The role of the Supreme Court in the practice of Canadian federalism, specifically the extent of its power and the effects of that power, is a hotly contested issue in Canadian political science. While some scholars have argued that the Court has taken on too political of a role that must be restricted, this paper develops the Court as a constitutional ‘umpire,’ whose rulings serve the important, but limited, functions of allocating political resources to incentivize negotiation, and establishing jurisdictional boundaries for said negotiations, leaving specific policy decisions to political, as opposed to legal, actors. Concerning the net outcome of the Court’s jurisprudence on the distribution of legislative powers, this paper illustrates the Court’s overall balancing approach, with grants of power to one level of government met with increases in authority to the other, in all major policy areas. Thus, ultimately shown to embrace both a limited and impartial approach to constitutional adjudication, the Court has done much to enhance its democratic legitimacy and constitutional utility.
Cross-Level Partisanship in Concurrent Federal-Provincial Elections:
Authors: Patterson Steven Thomas
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this project is to explore the following research question: do same day (i.e. concurrent) provincial-federal elections exhibit a higher degree of cross-level partisanship than non-concurrent elections?  This paper proposes that concurrent elections lead to a convergence in voters evaluations of federal-provincial co-partisans, and that this results in a higher degree of cross-level partisanship than in non-concurrent elections. Using 2011 Canada Election Studies (CES) data on federal party vote choice and provincial party preference, this paper will project the results of concurrent federal-provincial elections for three Canadian provinces. The results of these projected concurrent elections will be compared to actual party vote shares received in the first provincial election held following the 2011 Canadian federal election. The comparison of these data will be used to test the hypothesis that concurrent elections have a higher degree of cross-level partisanship than non-concurrent elections.

This paper consists of five sections. First, I introduce the aims of this research and discuss its theoretical and substantive significance by referencing relevant literature. Second, a comprehensive theoretical framework is developed to explain why cross-level partisanship is expected to be higher in a concurrent election. Third, I outline the research design and methodology used to test this causal hypothesis. Fourth, I report and interpret my findings which show that overall cross-level partisanship was slightly higher in projected concurrent elections. I conclude by discussing the implications and limits of this study.
Water (What Are) We Doing
Authors: Junger Sawyer
Published: October 2019

Despite being a highly developed country with ample access to natural resources, many Indigenous  communities in Canada currently face severe water insecurity. This paper will seek to answer the question of why such resource disparity exists in an otherwise secure Global North country. Through the lens of environmental racism, the political incentives that that have allowed this human rights violation to persist well into the 21st century will be examined. Ultimately, this paper concludes that Canada’s history of colonialism and federal framework concerning water structures be primary drivers in Indigenous water insecurity.
The Charter of Rights and Freedoms: Undermining Parliamentary Sovereignty and Federalism
Authors: Nahmias Joshua
Published: October 2019

This article explores the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and its role in altering two core concepts of Canadian democracy: parliamentary sovereignty and federalism. The author argues that the Charter has undermined these concepts through the empowerment of Canada's judiciary, namely the Supreme Court of Canada. The article explores ways in which the powers of parliament have been superseded by the courts, specifically through the establishment of "charter proofing," parliament's loss of power over the "public purse," and the erosion of the provinces' policy autonomy. Ultimately, the article seeks to demonstrate that the Charter has "legalized" Canadian politics to the extent that the judiciary unwieldy an unacceptable amount of power in Canada's political environment. Cases explored in the essay include Morgentaler v. the Queen (1988), Schachter v. Canada (1992), and Attorney-General of Québec v. Association of Québec Protestant School Boards (1984).
Assessment of knowledge and attitude of the practice of parents toward vaccination of children in Taif city, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Altreyfy Mohammed , Almalki Mohammed , Obaid Ahmed , Al-Ahmari Meshari , Alshahrani Abdulah
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Vaccination has an important preventive role for many types of infections especially in the early years of life. However, some misconceptions about vaccination lead to the abstinence of some parents from vaccinating their children. This misconception is primarily due to the lack of knowledge and awareness towards childhood vaccination. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the level of knowledge and the behavior of parents towards the vaccination of their children in Taif city, Saudi Arabia.
Methodology: A self-administered structured questionnaire was sent to the public through online Google forms including questions on the knowledge about vaccination of children and the attitude of parents towards their children regarding their vaccination. All data were recorded in a pre-designed and validated excel sheet. Data were represented in terms of frequencies and valid percentages for categorical variables.
Results: A total of 377 participants took part in this survey. Almost one-half of the participants (50.4%) were males while 49.6% were females. There was a statistically significant difference (p
Pengukuran Pitch dan Intensity Diftong Tertinggi Menggunakan Program PRAAT
Authors: Heryono Heri
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada studi kasus sederhana yang melibatkan dua orang pengujar, native dan non-native dalam mengucapkan kata-kata yang mengandung diftong. Bidang linguistik yang terkait adalah fonetik dan fonologi, dengan bantuan sebuah aplikasi PRAAT untuk menghitung frekuensi dan intensitas ujaran. Subjek pembahasan dalam penelitian ini adalah vokal rangkap/diftong (diphthong) yang terdapat dalam beberapa kata berbahasa Inggris. Yang difokuskan hanyalah unsur pitch dan intensity dari dua orang pengujar dalam mengujarkan kata-kata bervokal rangkap tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam mendapatkan perbandingan pitch dan intensity dari dua pengujar ini adalah deskriptif-analisis dengan penyuguhan data berupa tabel angka serta grafik. Penelitian ini melibatkan satu pengujar native dan satu pengujar non-native untuk mendapatkan hasil yang bisa diperbandingkan. Metode pengambilan data menggunakan PRAAT dengan file audio sebagai sumber data utama. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengujaran diftong dengan nilai pitch tertinggi baik dari pengujar native maupun non-native terlihat pada saat pengujaran kata dengan diftong /ɔɪ/; frekuensinya adalah 216.8 Hz untuk native dan 301.1 Hz untuk pengujar non-native. Sedangkan untuk intensity, diftong /ɪə/ memiliki angka intensitas terbesar yaitu 78.36 untuk pengujar native dan 80.52 untuk pengujar non-native. Berdasarkan pengambilan sampel data suara dari dua orang pengujar, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa diftong /ɔɪ/ memiliki frekuensi yang tertinggi dibandingkan lainnya. Dan, diftongp /ɪə/ memiliki angka intensitas tertinggi dibandingkan dengan diftong lainnya. Penelitian menggunakan PRAAT dengan memperbandingkan pengujar native dan non-native secara fonetis memberikan ruang penelitian baru di ranah Bahasa dan teknologi.
Analisis Gaya Bahasa dalam Berita Olahraga Kabar Cirebon
Authors: Mughofiroh Iim , Mulyaningsih Indrya , Itaristanti Itaristanti
Published: October 2019

Seorang wartawan berita memiliki karakter yang berbeda-beda dalam menulis berita atau memilikiciri khas masing-masing dalam menulis berita. Penelitian ini menganalisis berita olahraga dari segibentuk dan makna gaya bahasa, serta bentuk dominan yang menjadi ciri khas dalam penulisan beritaolahraga Kabar Cirebon. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif. Data padapenelitian ini bersumber dari Kabar Cirebon edisi November 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakanbeberapa tahapan analisis data, yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, danpenarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, bahwa terdapat 71 bentuk gaya bahasadalam berita olahraga Kabar Cirebon. Dalam hal ini, 71 bentuk gaya bahasa tersebut terdapat 13jenis gaya bahasa, yaitu satu bentuk gaya bahasa erotesis, satu bentuk gaya bahasa sinisme, satubentuk gaya bahasa eponim, satu bentuk gaya bahasa pleonasme, dua bentuk gaya bahasaantonomasia, satu bentuk gaya bahasa asindeton, lima bentuk gaya bahasa polisindeton, 14 bentukgaya bahasa sinekdoke, enam bentuk gaya bahasa epitet, lima bentuk gaya bahasa prolepsis, 17bentuk gaya bahasa metafora, empat bentuk gaya bahasa antiklimaks, dan 8 bentuk gaya bahasaklimaks. Makna yang terkandung dalam masing-masing bentuk gaya bahasa tersebut memilikimakna tersendiri dan berkaitan satu sama lain. Adapun bentuk gaya bahasa yang dominandigunakan dalam berita olahraga Kabar Cirebon yaitu bentuk gaya bahasa metafora.
The Winners and Losers from Trade
Authors: Carroll Daniel R. , Hur Sewon
Published: October 2019

Although increased international trade is widely viewed as beneficial to the economies of the participating countries, the benefits are not distributed evenly across individuals within those countries, and indeed some individuals may bear a cost. We discuss two channels through which trade can affect individuals differently depending on their skill and income levels and assess the combined impact of those channels. We find that the effects of trade on the labor market and the effects of trade on prices go in opposite directions and are of similar magnitude.