bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Garden, culture, dendrology – remarks and thoughts following the unexpected passing away of Géza Kósa
Authors: Rácz István
Published: April 2022

This writing commemorates Géza Kósa (1950–2021), dendrologist and Curator of the Botanical Garden of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (recently renamed the National Botanic Garden) and discusses his 45-year cooperation with both his institute and the Hungarian Natural History Museum’s team of dendrologists (Zsolt Debreczy, Gyöngyvér Biró, István Rácz and co-workers) and their International Dendrological Research Institute, Inc. (IDRI) in the US and its sister organisation in Hungary, the International Dendrological Foundation. The author recalls many aspects of cooperation with Géza Kósa, including some of their joint research trips to Mongolia, China, Uzbekistan, and Sikkim, as well as the multi-year documentation of the living dendrological collection at Vácrátót. Also discussed is the great need to establish a regional dendrological institute in Hungary.
Covid-19 and the virtual classroom conundrum in Zimbabwean universities
Authors: Muchabaiwa Wonder , Gondo Reniko
Published: April 2022

Whilst the virtual classroom has become the most tenable alternative to address educational needs under the circumstances of the Covid-19 crisis, most universities in Zimbabwe have been found wanting-lacking responsive information communication technology (ICT) infrastructures and techno-savvy human capital. This exploratory study employed in-depth telephone interviews with five purposively sampled deans, lecturers, and disadvantaged students-one each from each of five universities (three state, and two private). Forty more students for five focus group discussions were selected through stratified random sampling. Our study adopted a qualitative approach to collect, present, and analyse data. The key finding was that Covid-19 has certainly amplified the digital divide and preexisting inequalities in institutions of higher education, particularly in developing nations like Zimbabwe. Further, the study revealed that a techno-based curriculum delivery approach becomes discriminatory and intensifies social exclusion because some students living in poverty struggle to access the e-learning resource materials. In Zimbabwe, the situation has become dire and complicated because of the economic meltdown prevailing in the country. Universities as service institutions are thus encouraged to invest heavily in ICT infrastructure, and the government to subsidise the cost of internet bandwidth and data bundles to enable students to access the e-learning materials.
Controlling the obesity pandemic: Geoffrey Rose revisited
Authors: Frank John W.
Published: April 2022

The ongoing obesity pandemic threatens the health of hundreds of millions globally. However, to date, no country has had much success in limiting its growth, let alone reversing it. This commentary demonstrates the relevance to the obesity pandemic of the public health conceptual framework of epidemiologist Geoffrey Rose, first published as “Sick Individuals and Sick Populations” in 1985. That framework provides a useful way to analyze the pandemic’s prevention and control options, based on the notions of primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary prevention—the full spectrum of “more upstream and more downstream” approaches, each with its pros and cons. Based on an analysis of key studies to date, this commentary argues strongly that only the primordial prevention approach is likely to be successful against the obesity pandemic—but its onerous requirements for society-wide behavioural and cultural change may make that public health struggle a long one.
[RETRACTED] Oprah Winfrey CBD Gummies v1
Authors: not provided OprahWinfreyCBDGummiesCOST
Published: April 2022

[RETRACTED]

Oprah Winfrey CBD Gummies
[RETRACTED] NextGen Keto - (Customers Warning) You Need to Know! Critical Report! v1
Authors: A H
Published: April 2022

[RETRACTED]

NextGen Keto is an outstanding thing that contains only a solitary rule fixing: squeezed apple vinegar, which is rarely found in other weight decrease fixes.
[RETRACTED] Owl Premium CBD Gummies Reviews: (Shocking Results Or Scam?) v1
Authors: not provided saudaman
Published: April 2022

[RETRACTED]

Owl Premium CBD Gummies
Rol del fisioterapeuta en el entorno escolar.
Authors: Hoyos-Quintero Angela María , Sandoval Daniel , Palacios Felipe , Cantoñi Laura , Erazo Nicolás
Published: April 2022

Introducción: el rol del fisioterapeutav en el entorno escolar, como profesional partícipe en el desarrollo neuromotor del niño y su proceso de aprendizaje, se observa como un campo profesional desde un enfoque no clínico, convirtiéndose en una oportunidad de generación de nuevas alternativas laborales y conocimientos disciplinares. Esta investigación se orienta con el objetivo de analizar el rol del fisioterapeuta en el entorno escolar.
Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, PEDro, Lilacs y Google Scholar, desde el inicio de las bases de datos hasta octubre del 2019. Los criterios de selección fueron previamente definidos según la edad de la población y el tema del artículo.
Resultados: de los 9 artículos incluidos, las principales actividades encontradas se refieren a la promoción de la actividad física, psicomotricidad, inclusión escolar, rehabilitación en la escuela y asesoría a los docentes. De los roles encontrados, el de mayor frecuencia es el de facilitador de la inclusión escolar, dado que es la actividad más visibilizada.
Conclusiones: de las 5 actividades identificadas del fisioterapeuta enla escuela, se destaca, principalmente, la inclusión escolar y la asesoría al docente. Sin embargo, la labor como promotor de la actividad física cobra importancia en la intervención del fisioterapeuta en la salud pública. REGISTRO PROSPEROCRD42020160617.
Trasplante renal en pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana:
Authors: Nieto-Ríos John Fredy , Rodríguez-Botero Natalia , Aristizábal-Alzate Arbey , Zuluaga-Valencia Gustavo Adolfo , Ramírez-Sánchez Isabel Cristina , Serna-Higuita Lina María
Published: April 2022

El trasplante renal es el tratamiento de elección en la enfermedad renal crónica terminal porque mejora la calidad de vida y la supervivencia de los pacientes al compararlo con la diálisis. Sin embargo, para mantener un injerto funcional y evitar el rechazo es necesario el uso de inmunosupresión potente durante toda la vida del injerto, lo cual puede tener como complicaciones una mayor susceptibilidad a presentar infecciones, desarrollo de cáncer, alteraciones metabólicas y problemas cardiovasculares. Los pacientes infectados con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tienen alto riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad renal crónica terminal por múltiples causas. En el siglo pasado, el trasplante renal se consideraba contraindicado para estos pacientes. No obstante, hoy en día el trasplante renal se considera una opción terapéutica para pacientes adecuadamente seleccionados y con protocolos de manejo bien establecidos. Reportándose supervivencia reportadas del injerto y del paciente a tres años de 88,2 % y 82,6 % respectivamente. Este artículo de revisión tiene como objetivo revisar la experiencia mundial existente en el manejo de los pacientes trasplantados renal con infección por VIH.
laboratórios de psicologia no início do século xx: a produção de singulares selfs científicos e de técnicas de si
Authors: Arruda Leal Ferreira Arthur , Pessoa Pimentel César , Do Amaral Gama Santos Marcus Vinícius
Published: April 2022

O artigo, que se define como trabalho de reflexão, busca discutir o vínculo entre história da subjetividade e história da objetividade, principalmente no que diz respeito aos primeiros laboratórios de psicologia. Entendendo que explorar tal vínculo requer abordagens simétricas na produção do conhecimento, que não supõem corte entre projetos científicos bem sucedidos e malogrados, nos valeremos de referências provenientes dos estudos Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade, da epistemologia política (Despret e Stengers), da genealogia da ética (Foucault) e da história da objetividade (Daston e Galison). Partindo de tais referências, abordaremos três grandes tópicos: a) as práticas operadas nos primeiros laboratórios de psicologia; b) a objetividade propiciada por tais práticas; c) as transformações subjetivas pelas quais os psicólogos experimentais deveriam passar visando obter resultados científicos. Na conclusão, avaliamos se é possível dizer que, no treinamento introspectivo, as técnicas de si operam como uma marca distintiva da constituição de um self científico e como um conceito chave para um estudo histórico destes laboratórios psicológicos.
Trastorno límite de la personalidad: actualización clínico-fenomenológica y terapéutica
Authors: Oviedo Lugo Gabriel Fernando , Muñoz Molina Francisco Javier
Published: April 2022

El trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP) representa un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico en los contextos clínicos. Existe una prevalencia variable del trastorno de acuerdo con los diferentes escenarios de observación y se encuentra en un 2% de la población general y en hasta un 15%-28% de los pacientes hospitalizados en unidades psiquiátricas. El trastorno límite de personalidad se caracteriza por cuatro grupos de síntomas: multi-impulsividad, inestabilidad del humor y problemas interpersonales, en asociación con alteraciones de la identidad y conductas suicidas ante situaciones generadoras de frustración. Las dificultades diagnósticas relacionadas con el abordaje de estos pacientes pueden conducir a manejos psicofarmacológicos no exitosos, por lo que la psicoterapia es el eje del tratamiento. En este artículo de revisión se abordan los aspectos históricos, clínico-fenomenológicos y psicoterapéuticos de esta entidad nosológica.
Memoria declarativa y reconocimiento de emociones en la enfermedad de Alzheimer
Authors: Ríos-Flórez Jorge Alexander , Medina-Vera Temis Mauricio , Gómez-López Daniel
Published: April 2022

El propósito de la investigación fue caracterizar el funcionamiento de la memoria declarativa bajo la influencia y reconocimiento de las emociones en pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer. La investigación se basó en un diseño descriptivo-correlacional y una muestra seleccionada por un modelo no probabilístico. Participaron ochenta adultos mayores, entre sesenta y noventa y cinco años; cuarenta con diagnóstico de demencia tipo Alzheimer en estadio 1 y cuarenta con cuadro de envejecimiento normal en condición par y sin otras alteraciones mentales, físicas o neuropsicológicas. Esta investigación obtuvo resultados que favorecen la discusión con otros estudios, resaltando, a su vez, el impacto de las emociones sobre la memoria declarativa y el recuerdo de sus contenidos. Asimismo, se destacaron emociones particulares que potencian en mayor medida la cantidad de información que se busca evocar y se pone de manifiesto cómo la carga emocional influencia el momento de codificar y almacenar la información.
Recursos psicosociales para la permanencia de los estudiantes de la Universidad de Antioquia
Authors: López Bedoya Julia Beatriz , Cardona Quitián Herwin Eduardo
Published: April 2022

Este estudio es una aproximación reflexiva a los recursos psicosociales que favorecen la permanencia de estudiantes de los cuatro primeros semestres de diferentes programas académicos de la Universidad de Antioquia. Se sustenta metodológicamente en el modelo teórico del desarrollo positivo, el método cualitativo y el procedimiento hermenéutico. En el estudio participaron veinte estudiantes: diez mujeres y diez hombres, con edades entre dieciséis y veinte años; la información fue recogida en dos grupos focales y cuatro entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas. A lo largo del estudio se analiza la relación entre la permanencia y los recursos internos y externos derivados del apoyo familiar y la  adecuada relación con los pares, la institución y la comunidad, todo ello con el fin de orientar programas para el bienestar estudiantil, desde las experiencias de los estudiantes.
Aportes de la encíclica Laudato Si a la solución de problemas: una lectura desde el enfoque cognitivo conductual de solución de problemas en psicología de la religión
Authors: Díaz López Yefren
Published: April 2022

Se presenta una lectura de la encíclica Laudato Si, desde el Análisis del Comportamiento, entendido como ciencia natural del comportamiento y concretamente el Análisis de la Conducta Aplicada que, desde el enfoque cognitivo conductual de solución de problemas en psicología de la religión, articula los aportes de la experiencia religiosa. Esta encíclica evidencia una perspectiva integral donde todo está relacionado y uno de sus objetivos es promover el diálogo de las diferentes ciencias y saberes.
Conservación de la atención a pesar de la privación de sueño en estudiantes de Psicología
Authors: Prado Rivera Mayerli Andrea , Morris Camacho Juliana Valentina , Martínez Díaz Laura Valentina , Sierra Ramírez Adriana Andrea
Published: April 2022

El objetivo del estudio es identificar los efectos de privación total o parcial del sueño sobre una tarea de atención en 49 estudiantes de psicología de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios —Uniminuto—, quienes fueron asignados a uno de los cuatro grupos, con diferentes horas de sueño durante una noche. El día siguiente, al dormir el número de horas según el grupo respectivo (G1: 0 h; G2: 0,5-3 h; G3: 3,5-6 h; G4: > 6 h), cada participante diligenció una ficha de registro y realizó la prueba de atención sostenida d2. Se encontró que no existen diferencias entre grupos para ningún indicador,  exceptuando el promedio de errores de comisión. Los estudiantes con privación parcial cometieron menos errores que aquellos con privación total y sin privación de sueño. Se discute si los patrones de sueño sumados a posibles mecanismos cerebrales compensatorios pueden mantener, a corto plazo, la capacidad atencional ante la privación de sueño.
PERIOPERATIVE INCIDENCE OF IATROGENIC GALLBLADDER PERFORATION DURING LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY IN SULAIMANIYAH TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Tofiq Sarkhel , Shareef Seerwan
Published: April 2022

Background 
Iatrogenic perforation of the gallbladder has been reported in 28% of those patients who undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It has been pointed out that gallbladder perforation can result in spillage out gallstones and bile.
Objectives 
To investigate the perioperative incidence of iatrogenic gallbladder perforation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Sulaimani Teaching Hospital.
Patients and Methods
The present investigation was a single-centre, prospective observational study that was carried out in Sulaimani Teaching Hospital in 2018-2019. The study sample included 99 patients who had undergone elective cholecystectomy by multiple surgeons.
Required data on the possible risk factors and early outcomes and the patients’ demographics, including age, BMI, and gender, were collected. The collected data were analyzed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 22.0).
Results
The results revealed that 80% of the patients were females. Also, 42.4% had no chronic diseases. At the same time, diabetes mellitus (DM), DM along with hypertension (HT), and HT were the most prevalent chronic diseases among them with 18.2%, 16.2%, and 10.1% of prevalence, respectively. (Multiple attacks of cholestasis). Only 17.2% of the patients had an abdominal operation before, and acute cholestasis and chronic cholestasis were seen respectively in 13% and 17% of them. The most common causes of gallbladder perforation (GP) were found to be electrocautery (16.2%) and grasper (7.1%). 33.3% of the patients were overweight (BMI between 25 and 29.9), 45.5% were obese (BMI between 30 and 34.9), and 20.2% had a BMI of over 35. (Overweight or obese patients have a problematic view in laparoscopy) Most of the patients were aged 30 to 49 (62.6%). A majority of the patients (94.9%) were found to have gallstones. 
Conclusion
Iatrogenic gallbladder perforation is prevalent among patients who undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is still a better choice and is associated with fewer complications than open cholecystectomy. Required measures need to be adopted for patients with perforated gallbladder to minimize spillage and remove as much spilt gallbladder content as possible.
Recent Surface Rupturing Earthquakes along the South Flank of the Greater Caucasus near Tbilisi, Georgia
Authors: Stahl Timothy A. , Cowgill Eric , Boichenko Giorgi , Vasey Dylan A. , Godoladze Tea
Published: April 2022

Fault characterization is a critical step toward improving seismic hazard assessment in the Georgian Greater Caucasus but is largely absent from the region. Here, a paleoseismic trench near the capital city of Tbilisi revealed evidence for recurring surface rupture on a shallowly north-dipping thrust fault. The fault has broken through the overturned forelimb of a fault-propagation anticline that folds a sequence of soils and deposits. Stratigraphic relationships and radiocarbon dating of terrestrial gastropod shells corrected for “old carbon” age anomalies loosely constrain three surface-deforming earthquakes on this fault between ∼40 and ∼3 ka, with variable dip-slip displacements ranging between 0.35 and ∼3 m, and a cumulative displacement of 6.5 ± 0.85 m. Single event slips and recurrence intervals (11, 25, and 3 ka open interval) at this site demonstrate apparent slip rate variations of 3−7× over the last two earthquake cycles on the fault, which we attribute to possible rupture complexity involved in crustal thrust fault earthquakes. This study provides a structural and geochronologic template for future paleoseismic investigations in the Greater Caucasus while highlighting some of the challenges of conducting seismic source characterization in this region.
The Far Side of Mars: Two Distant Marsquakes Detected by InSight
Authors: Horleston Anna C. , Clinton John F. , Ceylan Savas , Giardini Domenico , Charalambous Constantinos , Irving Jessica C. E. , Lognonné Philippe , Stähler Simon C. , Zenhäusern Géraldine , Dahmen Nikolaj L. , Duran Cecilia , Kawamura Taichi , Khan Amir , Kim Doyeon , Plasman Matthieu , Euchner Fabian , Beghein Caroline , Beucler Éric , Huang Quancheng , Knapmeyer Martin , Knapmeyer-Endrun Brigitte , Lekić Vedran , Li Jiaqi , Perrin Clément , Schimmel Martin , Schmerr Nicholas C. , Stott Alexander E. , Stutzmann Eléonore , Teanby Nicholas A. , Xu Zongbo , Panning Mark , Banerdt William B.
Published: April 2022

For over three Earth years the Marsquake Service has been analyzing the data sent back from the Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure—the seismometer placed on the surface of Mars by NASA’s InSight lander. Although by October 2021, the Mars seismic catalog included 951 events, until recently all these events have been assessed as lying within a radius of 100° of InSight. Here we report two distant events that occurred within days of each other, located on the far side of Mars, giving us our first glimpse into Mars’ core shadow zone. The first event, recorded on 25 August 2021 (InSight sol 976), shows clear polarized arrivals that we interpret to be PP and SS phases at low frequencies and locates to Valles Marineris, 146° ± 7° from InSight. The second event, occurring on 18 September 2021 (sol 1000), has significantly more broadband energy with emergent PP and SS arrivals, and a weak phase arriving before PP that we interpret as Pdiff. Considering uncertain pick times and poorly constrained travel times for Pdiff, we estimate this event is at a distance between 107° and 147° from InSight. With magnitudes of MwMa 4.2 and 4.1, respectively, these are the largest seismic events recorded so far on Mars.
Yükseköğretim Kurumlarına Yönelik Örgütsel Öğrenme Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması
Authors: AYDUĞ Damla , AGAOGLU Esmahan
Published: April 2022

Yükseköğretim kurumlarının özellikle araştırma ve bilgi üretme yönündeki görevleri dikkate alındığında, birer eğitim kurumu olarak hızlı değişim ve dönüşümlere yanıt verebilecek yeterliliklere sahip olmaları gerekmektedir. Dolayısıyla, yükseköğretim kurumlarının üstlenmiş oldukları görev ve sorumluluklar gereği dinamik bir yapıda olmaları gerektiğinden, birer öğrenen örgüt olmaları beklenmektedir. Ancak ilgili alan yazında, yükseköğretim kurumları özelinde örgütsel öğrenme düzeyini ölçmeye yönelik az sayıda ölçme aracı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle bu araştırmada alan yazındaki örgütsel öğrenme modellerinden yararlanılarak yükseköğretim kurumları özelinde kullanılabilecek Türk kültürüne özgü bir ölçek geliştirmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim döneminde 12 farklı devlet üniversitesinde görev yapan toplam 514 öğretim elemanı ile yürütülmüştür. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliliğini sınamak amacıyla yapılan açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda 39 maddeden oluşan üç faktörlü (bireysel düzeyde öğrenme, grup düzeyinde öğrenme, örgütsel düzeyde öğrenme) bir yapıya ulaşılmıştır. Ardından, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile ölçeğin üç faktörlü yapısı doğrulanmıştır. Ölçeğin tamamı için McDonald’s ω (omega) katsayısı 0,981 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yükseköğretim Kurumlarına Yönelik Örgütsel Öğrenme Ölçeğinin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğuna karar verilmiştir.
Eğitim Fakültelerinde Kalite Algısı Ölçeği (EFKAÖ): Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: YILMAZ Salih , KONAN Necdet
Published: April 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Eğitim Fakültesi son sınıf öğrencileri ve mezunlarının (öğretmenlerin) bakış açısıyla sistem yaklaşımı çerçevesinde Eğitim Fakültelerinde kalite algısını ortaya çıkarmak için bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Ölçek geliştirme çalışmasında madde havuzu, ilgili alan yazın ve paydaşlardan açık uçlu sorular ile elde edilen verilerden yararlanarak araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulmuştur. Uzmanlardan gelen dönütlerle düzenlenen veri toplama aracının açımlayıcı faktör analizi için 314, doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri için 784 olmak üzere toplam 1098 katılımcıya ulaşılmıştır. Yapılan açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda, ölçekte yer alan beşli Likert olarak derecelendirilmiş 72 maddenin dokuz faktörlü bir yapı oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Yapılan birinci ve ikinci düzey doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçlarına göre ölçeğin uyum iyiliği değerlerinin ve Cronbach alfa güvenirlik katsayısının kabul edilir düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Eğitim Fakültelerinde Kalite Algısı Ölçeği (EFKAÖ), sistem yaklaşımı çerçevesinde girdi-öğretmenlik mesleğinin teşvik ediciliği, öğretim elemanı, eğitici olmayan personel, sınıf; süreç-öğrenme ve öğretme, okul ve fakülte işbirliği, çıktı, dönüt ve çevre olmak üzere dokuz alt boyuttan oluşmaktadır.
Combination of interventional oncology local therapies and immunotherapy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kim Dong-Hyun
Published: April 2022

Interventional oncology (IO) local therapies of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can activate anti-cancer immunity and it is potentially leading to an anti-cancer immunity throughout the body. For the development of an effective HCC treatment regime, great emphasis has been dedicated to different IO local therapy mediated immune modulation and possible combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. In this review paper, we summarize the status of combination of IO local therapy and immunotherapy, as well as the prospective role of therapeutic carriers and locally administered immunotherapy in advanced HCC.
Effect of intravenous fentanyl versus intravenous fentanyl and paracetamol in attenuating the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation
Authors: Suresh Priyanka , Emani Aishwarya
Published: April 2022

Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are potent stimuli causing increased sympathoadrenal activity. The objective of this study is to assess and compare the effects of intravenous fentanyl versus a combination of intravenous fentanyl and paracetamol in blunting the hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.

Sixty patients of ASA status I and II, aged 18-60 years of either sex posted for surgeries under general anaesthesia were selected. Patients in group A received intravenous fentanyl 2mcg/kg. Patients in group B received intravenous fentanyl 2mcg/kg and paracetamol 15mg/kg. After intubation vital parameters were recorded at 1, 2, 4 and 6 minute and later once every 10minutes.

: After intubation, there was an initial increase in heart rate in both groups. However, this was significantly higher (p=0.004) with group A as compared to group B and remained significantly high for another 6 minutes(p=0.03).

There was an increase of mean arterial pressure after intubation in both the groups, however, this was significantly higher in group A and remained significantly high for 6 minutes as compared to group B[p=0.003]. Mean SpO2 was similar in both the groups, and there were no complications during the study.

Intravenous fentanyl and paracetamol is more effective in blunting the hemodynamic responses due to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation when compared to intravenous fentanyl alone.
Comparison of intrathecal tramadol and Magnesium sulphate for the prevention of post-spinal shivering in infra umbilical surgeries: A randomized, double blinded and controlled study
Authors: Poovathai Raja , Sundararaju Sathis C , Ramalingam Kadirvelu S
Published: April 2022

: Post anesthesia shivering is a common complication after spinal anesthesia. Intrathecal Magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) and tramadol are the most effective and safe adjuvants with minimal side effects. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of intrathecal tramadol versus intrathecal MgSO4 with bupivacaine for the prevention of post-spinal anesthesia shivering.

: In this prospective randomized, double-blinded controlled study, 105 patients scheduled for infraumbilical surgeries were randomly allocated into three groups. Group C(35) received 3.0ml of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (15mg)+0.5ml of normal saline, Group T (35) received 3.0ml of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (15mg)+25mg of tramadol in 0.5ml saline, and Group M (35) received 3.0ml of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (15mg)+100mg of magnesium sulphate in 0.5ml saline. The primary outcomes were to find the incidence and intensity of shivering. The secondary outcome was to find out the incidence of complications.

: All the 3 groups were comparable with respect to demographic characteristics. Shivering was observed in 68.6% of the patients in Group C, 48.6% patients in Group T and 40% patients in Group M. The incidence of shivering were statistically significant between Groups C and T (P= 0.003) and Groups C and M (P=0.001) but not between Groups T and M (P=0.480). The incidence of complications such as hypotension, bradycardia, nausea, vomiting,itching and respiratory depression were not statistically significant in between the groups.

: This study concluded that both intrathecal MgSO4 100mg and tramadol 25mg with hyperbaric bupivacaine reduces the incidence and intensity of shivering compared to control group after spinal anesthesia.
Comparative evaluation of incidence of post operative sore throat after nebulization with ketamine and magnesium sulfate in patients undergoing general anaesthesia requiring endotracheal intubation
Authors: Dhuliya Sandeep , Patel Neepa , Shah Divyang
Published: April 2022

Post-operative pharyngeal discomfort or sore throat is unavoidable outcome of endotracheal intubation. There are some pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods for prevention of postoperative sore throat. Nebulization is better than gargle or other methods as small volume of drug required for effect, easy way of administration, better patient compliance and most importantly no risk of aspiration as seen with gargle.

In our study, 88 patients of ASA grading I- Ⅲ, aged between 18-65 years undergoing general anaesthesia on elective basis were randomly divided into two groups. 44 patients received pre-operative nebulization with 1ml ketamine(50mg) with 1ml normal saline while others received nebulization with 500mg Magnesium sulfate with 1ml normal saline. General anaesthesia was given. Number of intubation attempts, duration of laryngoscopy and duration of surgery were recorded. Patients were evaluated for post-operative sore throat, hoarseness of voice and cough at 0hr, 2hr, 4hr, 12hr, and 24hr in postoperative period.

Incidence of post-operative sore throat, cough and hoarseness of voice was reduced statistically significantly with ketamine nebulization when compared to magnesium sulphate nebulization (p=<0.05). There were no systemic side effects with any drug.

Ketamine nebulization was superior than magnesium nebulization in prevention of sore throat.
Canada and the situation around Ukraine
Authors: Issraelyan Evgenia
Published: April 2022

Canada is one of the most active participants in the policy of the West towards Ukraine. It operates in all directions: expands its military presence in Europe, supplies Ukraine with non-lethal and lethal weapons, imposes tough anti-Russian sanctions, and accepts Ukrainian refugees. At the same time, Canada's political elite stands out for its harsh anti-Russian rhetoric. The purpose of the article is to summarize information about Canadian-Ukrainian relations during the Ukrainian crisis of 2022 (January-March 2022).
Foreign direct investments in U.S. agricultural land
Authors: Korotkikh Alla
Published: April 2022

U.S. agricultural land remains attractive to foreign investors. As of December 31, 2020, foreign direct investment in this property amounted to $4.5 million, which is three times higher than in 2014. Foreign individuals and companies currently held an interest in nearly 15.2 million hectares of US agricultural land. This represents 2.9 percent of all privately owned agricultural land in the United States.
Almost half of the reported foreign interest holdings of U.S. land are arable land and pastures, with timber and forestland accounting for 46 percent of the total acreage, which are mainly used by timber and "green" energy companies. 
Canadian investors own the largest amount of reported foreign-held agricultural land, with 32 percent. Foreign persons from an additional four countries, the Netherlands, Italy, the United Kingdom, and Germany collectively held 31 percent of the foreign-held acreages in the United States.
The state of Texas has the largest amount of foreign-held U.S. agricultural land. Maine has the second, Alabama - the third largest amount of foreign-held agricultural land. Three states collectively held more than 25% of the reported foreign-held agricultural land in the United States, the vast majority of which is forestland.
Current law imposes no restrictions on the amount of private U.S. agricultural land that can be foreign owned. However, several states have imposed certain prohibitions or restrictions on foreign ownership, but do not significantly inhibit foreign farmland ownership, while most states expressly allow foreign ownership. 
The US government controls direct investment flows. Federal law requires foreign persons and entities to disclose to USDA information related to foreign investment and ownership of U.S. agricultural land. The Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (AFIDA) and its federal regulations, implemented by USDA, established a nationwide system for the collection of information pertaining to foreign ownership of U.S. agricultural land. At the federal level, the Committee on Foreign Investment (CFIUS) authorized to review certain transactions involving foreign investment in the United States in order to determine the effect of such transactions on U.S. national security.
Green New Deal of the USA and Canada in 2021
Authors: sokov Ilya
Published: April 2022

The article examines the issues of joint participation of the USA and Canada in the fight against global climate change after the Paris Agreement's adoption in 2015. There are analyzes the features of the American and Canadian approaches to the implementation of the "Green New Deal", changes in the "Green industrial policy" and infrastructure restructuring in these North American societies. The author of the article notes the existing opportunities and obstacles in achieving the planned goals to the climate transition  by 2030 and it is also concluded that insufficient scientific and technological elaboration and clarity in the possibility of 100 percent decarburization when switching only to renewable energy do not allow us to consider this goal achievable by 2050.
An Insight Review on Jellyfish Optimization Algorithm and Its Application in Engineering
Authors: Khare Amruta , Kakandikar Ganesh M. , Kulkarni Omkar K.
Published: April 2022

Present paper conducts the study on metaheuristic jellyfish optimization algorithm and reviews work done on it. This is a newly developed meta-heuristic optimization algorithm concentrates on movements of jellyfish in ocean such as search of food in sea current, motion inside swarm, bloom, etc. The optimization demonstrates higher and additional favourable results versus other bio-inspired optimization algorithms. Some of the work is discussed in this paper are: finding of unknown parameters of Photo Voltic models using premature convergence strategy, finding of optimal VAR coordination in Automated Delivery System, estimating the parameters of single-phase power transformers, overcoming the drawbacks and improving the quality of network service, tracking the overall maximum power point under partial shade conditions, improving MapReduce job performance and increasing resource usage in Hadoop yarn, solving engineering problems optimally with multiple objectives, dimensionally reducing humanoid application feature, solving the problems to identify the parameters of Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell models, watermark extraction process and preserving location confidentiality to avoid congestion with less guaranteed delay, OPNN network planning to categorise plant diseases, Brain image segmentation method and multiple radio access network. All the above work reviewed shows promising results from the algorithm. More work can be conducted using this algorithm in future.
Evaluasi Dosis Pemupukan Rekomendasi Kementerian Pertanian untuk Tanaman Padi
Authors: Hartono Arief , Firdaus Muhammad , Purwono Purwono , Barus Baba , Aminah Mimin , Simanihuruk Denis Muba Pandapotan
Published: April 2022

Rice is a strategic commodity, so efforts to increase its production continue to be carried out, one of which is by increasing fertilization efficiency. The government has set policies in the field of fertilization, one of which is to provide fertilizer recommendations for rice plants based on specific location. The objective of this research was to evaluate the fertilization policy written in Permentan RI No. 40/Permentan/OT.140/4/2007. The methods were analyzing the variance values for each type of fertilizer recommended and validating N, P, and K levels in selected locations. The results of the study showed that the fertilization recommendations set by the government still need to be improved because there were still many discrepancies with conditions in the field. The adjustment of recommendation dose with the addition of organic materials were relevant and can be implemented, but it is still required further socialization to farmers. Reformulation of subsidized fertilizers, from NPK fertilizer 15-15-15 to NPK fertilizer 15-10-12 also had not been able to increase fertilization efficiency, because it actually made the dose of NPK becomes higher, but did not reduce the addition of a single fertilizer significantly. Subsidy policy also needs to be reviewed, because farmers did not fully get subsidized fertilizer so the farmers could not meet the needs of their fertilizers. Regarding the implementation of fertilization information, a soil big database must be created nationally to make specific location fertilization recommendations, and this must be easily accessed by farmers.

 

Keywords: fertilization policy, organic material, soil big database, subsidy
Penetapan Alokasi Sawah Penerima Air Irigasi Berdasarkan Kondisi Hidroklimatologi di Daerah Irigasi Cihea
Authors: Karyati Nur Etika , Rachman Latief Mahir , Baskoro Dwi Putro Tejo
Published: April 2022

One of the main supporting factors for the agricultural sector in the Cihea Irrigation Area is the availability of sufficient water resources. However, uncertain climatic conditions due to climate change lead the changes in the rain distribution and affect the availability of water resources. The study aims to (1) assess the land water balance and drought index in Cihea Irrigation Area and (2) develop alternatives related to irrigation priority locations based on hydro climatological conditions. The water balance was analyzed using the Thornthwaite-Mather method (1957), while the irrigation priority locations were determined using the composite performance index method. Based on the annual water balance analysis, this irrigation area had a 568 mm/year water surplus. However, there was a water shortage from July to October, at 132 mm per month. From ten land systems,the highest deficit was in SL_9, while the lowest was  in SL_1. These conditions triggered drought in some locations. The highest drought index occurred in August (56,89%), while the lowest occurred in July (3.98%). Based on hidroclimatological ,the prioritised locations for escalated productivity are paddy fields in CDK.16 Ka, CDK.17 Ki, PD.1 Ka, PD.1 Ki, PD.2 Ka, PD.2 Ki, CRJ.6 Ki, CRJ.7 Ki, CRJ.8 Ki, CRJ.9 Ki, CRJ.10 Ki, and CKR.1 Ki in the Ciranjang subdistrict. Meanwhile, to gain the equal irrigation distribution, the priority locations consist of paddy fields in CSK.1 Ki to CSK.5 ki, CSK.6 Ki, CSK.6 Ka, CSK.7 Ki to CSK.9 Ki, CSK.10 Ki, and CSK.10 Ka, situated in Bocongpicung District.

 

Keywords: drought index, irrigation priority, water balance
Alternatif Pengembangan Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat pada Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan KPH Cepu
Authors: Istiqomah Asti , Safira Dwisela Helena
Published: April 2022

Community Forest Management (PHBM) in KPH Cepu was initiated in 2002 with the involvement of the Wana Amerta Forest Village Community Institution (LMDH). Management involvement is not only in the use of the area for intercropping agriculture but also in nature tourism. However, nature tourism management is not optimal due to limited access, facilities, and attractions. This study aims to identify a management system, estimate the economic benefits of PHBM LMDH Wana Amerta and analyze the potential development of nature tourism in Kedungpupur at LMDH Wana Amerta. The methods used were the descriptive method, income analysis, and the contingent valuation method. The results show that the PHBM management system uses a profit-sharing system. Profit-sharing varies based on the type of utilization where the agreement is contained in the Cooperation Agreement. Total economic benefits for the community from PHBM is IDR12,907,551,780/year, where the most significant benefit (99.51%) is from non-timber forest products, and the rest is from tourism services. The overall value of PHBM benefits can meet 70.72% of household expenditure needs. The utilization of nature tourism services is prospective to be developed to increase the economic benefits of CBFM. If the facilities are improved, photo spots and outbound attractions are provided, tourists are willing to pay a tourist fare from IDR5,000 to IDR26,563.

 

Keywords: nature tourism services, LMDH, economic benefits, PHBM, willingness to pay
EDUCAÇÃO DIGITAL, DESIGN INSTRUCIONAL E METODOLOGIA DOS DESAFIOS NUM CURSO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA PARA ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Maria Aparecida Crissi Knuppel  , Marta Clediane Rodrigues Anciutti  , Jaqueline Almeida de Lima  , Scheyla Joanne Horst
Published: April 2022

Com o objetivo de ampliar as competências de alunos da rede estadual de ensino em língua estrangeira e, ao mesmo tempo, incentivar o pensamento sobre vivências reais, como preparação para o intercâmbio estudantil no exterior, o Curso de Inglês Preparatório para o Projeto Ganhando o Mundo, da Secretaria de Estado da Educação e Esporte (Seed-PR), foi estruturado pela Superintendência Geral de Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (SETI-PR), por meio do Programa Paraná Fala Idiomas (PFI) e da Universidade Virtual do Paraná (UVPR), com o financiamento da Unidade Gestora do Fundo Paraná (UGF). Para esse curso, o Design Instrucional (DI) tomou como base a metodologia da Aprendizagem Baseada em Desafios. Em sua primeira turma, ofertada para 100 alunos de diferentes cidades paranaenses no decorrer do ano de 2021, em um Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA) personalizado pela UVPR, a busca foi por customizar a experiência e propor uma trilha de aprendizagem composta por desafios que estimulassem a socialização entre os participantes, o contato frequente com professores, tutores, bem como a integração de materiais multimodais em uma aparência atrativa e intuitiva. Em um espaço colaborativo e pensando nos desafios da viagem para um outro país e cultura, os estudantes foram incentivados a refletir sobre questões norteadoras, a partir de um guia de atividades, sendo, também, orientados a publicar seus trabalhos em diferentes locais e formatos. Após essa experiência, percebeu-se, então, um amplo potencial da metodologia diante do perfil dos alunos do século XXI. Nesse sentido, este trabalho sintetiza a experiência de um DI que privilegiou a metodologia dos desafios em uma plataforma elaborada especialmente para um curso de língua inglesa.

 Palavras-chave: Educação digital. Metodologias inventivas. Design instrucional. Plataformas de aprendizagem.
EDUCAÇÃO ONLINE E AS MUDANÇAS PEDAGÓGICAS E ADMINISTRATIVAS
Authors: Josimayre Novelli Coradim  , Josebely Martins de Souza Costa  , Claudinea Angélica dos Santos  , Silvio Tadeu de Oliveira
Published: April 2022

O advento e a inserção das Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) no contexto do ensino e aprendizagem há algum tempo têm sido objetos de pesquisas de diferentes campos do saber e de discussões no meio acadêmico. Nesse sentido, percebe-se, entretanto, o surgimento de diversas dúvidas no que concerne à definição de conceitos basilares, como: “cultura digital”, “educação OnLIFE”, “educação digital em rede”, “educação digital OnLIFE”, entre outros. Essa problemática se acentuou especialmente no cenário pandêmico, em que foi necessário que professores, educadores, coordenadores pedagógicos e a comunidade escolar, como um todo, utilizassem a tecnologia para garantir a continuidade das aulas, em formato de Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE). A ideia deste trabalho surgiu durante as discussões do grupo de pesquisa “Grupo Multidisciplinar em Metodologias, Tecnologias e Design para EaD”.  Assim, à luz de discussões de teóricos que discorrem sobre esses conceitos, como, por exemplo, Moreira; Schlemmer (2020), Floridi (2015), Di Felice (2017), entre outros, este artigo objetiva apresentar uma breve revisão de literatura sobre tais conceitos; situar seu surgimento, a fim de buscar maior compreensão sobre este universo que se desenha como “Educação Digital”;   bem como discutir como esta esfera de conectividade, os novos paradigmas e novos cenários de ensino e aprendizagem têm sido dimensionados no contexto educacional brasileiro.

 Palavras-chave: Educação OnLIFE; Cultura Digital; Educação Digital em Rede.
Insatisfacción corporal en mujeres universitarias: nuevas evidencias psicométricas del Body Shape Questionnaire de 14 ítems (BSQ-14)
Authors:   , Izquierdo Cárdenas Stefania
Published: April 2022

En los últimos años, las jóvenes universitarias vienen experimentado una mayor preocupación por el aspecto corporal que está relacionado con tener una figura esbelta. En este sentido, es importante disponer de herramientas para medir la insatisfacción que pueden tener con su aspecto corporal. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-14). Específicamente, evaluar la estructura interna del BSQ-14, la consistencia interna del modelo, la evidencia de validez discriminante con base en las correlaciones del puntaje promedio del BSQ-14 con una medida de mindfulness y la invarianza del modelo del BSQ-14, considerando la variable de realización de actividades físicas. Participaron 402 jóvenes universitarias de Lima Metropolitana, con una edad promedio de 20.05 años (DE= 18.18). Se administró una batería de pruebas que incluía el BSQ-14 y Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MASS-5). Los resultados indican que la estructura unidimensional del BSQ-14 presentó un buen ajuste (χ²= 571.420; CFI= 0.962; SRMR= 0.051) y una adecuada fiabilidad por el método de consistencia interna (ω = 0.962). Asimismo, el BSQ-14 mostró correlaciones negativas con el Mindfulness y la satisfacción corporal. Se demostró que el BSQ-14 es invariante entre mujeres universitarias que realizan o no ejercicio físico. Se concluye que el estudio brinda resultados que respaldan el uso del BSQ-14 para medir la insatisfacción corporal con evidencias de validez y fiabilidad en una muestra de jóvenes universitarias de Lima Metropolitana.
Neural ordinary differential equations and their probabilistic extension
Authors:   Moscow State University, Margasov A.O.
Published: April 2022

This paper describes the transition from neural network architecture to ordinary differential equations and initial value problem. Two neural network architectures are compared: classical RNN and ODERNN, which uses neural ordinary differential equations. The paper proposes a new architecture of p-ODE-RNN, which allows you to achieve a quality comparable to ODE-RNN, but is trained much faster. Furthermore, the derivation of the proposed architecture in terms of random process theory is discussed.
A spin 1/2 Particle and two mass parameters in an external coulomb field
Authors:   Mozyr State Pedagogical University, Ovsiyuk E.M. , Koral’kov A.D. ,   Mozyr State Pedagogical University, Safronov A.P.
Published: April 2022

A generalized relativistic wave equation for a fermion with two mass parameters is studied in the presence of an external Coulomb field. After separating the variables, the problem is reduced to a system of eight differential equations of the first order. Taking into account the diagonalization of the spatial reflection operator, we derive two independent systems of four equations, referring to states of opposite parity. At a large distance from the center, they take the form of two subsystems for two ordinary Dirac particles in external Coulomb field, with masses M1 and M2 respectively. To simplify the problem, we perform transition to the nonrelativistic description of the system. In this way, we derive two systems of linked second order equations, referring to states with different parities, from which the corresponding fourth order differential equations for separate functions are found. Solutionsof the Frobenius type are constructed, they involve power series with 10-term recurrent relations. Two of the four solutions are appropriate for describing bound states. As a quantization rule, we apply the known transcendency condition, in this way we obtained two analytical formulas for energy spectra. They are similar to nonrelativistic spectra for ordinary spin 1/2 particle, but being governed by massesM1 and M2.
The structure of the plane waves for a spin 3/2 particle, massless case, gauge symmetry
Authors:   Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Ivashkevich A.V.
Published: April 2022

The structure of plane wave solutions for a relativistic spin 3/2 particle described by a 16-component vector-bispinor is studied. In the massless case, two representations of the equation are used: in the Rarita–Schwinger basis and in a special second basis in which the wave equation contains the Levi–Civita tensor. In this second basis, the existenceof trivial solutions in the form of a gradient on arbitrary bispinor becomes obvious. It is shown that he general solution of the massless equation consists of 6 linearly independent solutions. It is explicitly proved that four of them can be identified with gauge solutions and, therefore, can be removed as non-physical. The exclusion procedure of gaugecomponents is carried out in both representations of the massless equation.