bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coronary Artery Disease Risk and Lipidomic Profiles Are Similar in Hyperlipidemias With Family History and Population‐Ascertained Hyperlipidemias
Authors: Rämö Joel T. , Ripatti Pietari , Tabassum Rubina , Söderlund Sanni , Matikainen Niina , Gerl Mathias J. , Klose Christian , Surma Michal A. , Stitziel Nathan O. , Havulinna Aki S. , Pirinen Matti , Salomaa Veikko , Freimer Nelson B. , Jauhiainen Matti , Palotie Aarno , Taskinen Marja‐Riitta , Simons Kai , Ripatti Samuli
Published: June 2019

Background

We asked whether, after excluding familial hypercholesterolemia, individuals with high low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (
LDL
‐C) or triacylglyceride levels and a family history of the same hyperlipidemia have greater coronary artery disease risk or different lipidomic profiles compared with population‐based hyperlipidemias.

Methods and Results

We determined incident coronary artery disease risk for 755 members of 66 hyperlipidemic families (≥2 first‐degree relatives with similar hyperlipidemia) and 19 644 Finnish
FINRISK
population study participants. We quantified 151 circulating lipid species from 550 members of 73 hyperlipidemic families and 897
FINRISK
participants using mass spectrometric shotgun lipidomics. Familial hypercholesterolemia was excluded using functional
LDL
receptor testing and genotyping. Hyperlipidemias (
LDL
‐C or triacylglycerides >90th population percentile) associated with increased coronary artery disease risk in meta‐analysis of the hyperlipidemic families and the population cohort (high
LDL
‐C: hazard ratio, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.48–2.04]; high triacylglycerides: hazard ratio, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.09–1.74]). Risk estimates were similar in the family and population cohorts also after adjusting for lipid‐lowering medication. In lipidomic profiling, high
LDL
‐C associated with 108 lipid species, and high triacylglycerides associated with 131 lipid species in either cohort (at 5% false discovery rate;
P
‐value range 0.038–2.3×10
−56
). Lipidomic profiles were highly similar for hyperlipidemic individuals in the families and the population (
LDL
‐C:
r
=0.80; triacylglycerides:
r
=0.96; no lipid species deviated between the cohorts).

Conclusions

Hyperlipidemias with family history conferred similar coronary artery disease risk as population‐based hyperlipidemias. We identified distinct lipidomic profiles associated with high
LDL
‐C and triacylglycerides. Lipidomic profiles were similar between hyperlipidemias with family history and population‐ascertained hyperlipidemias, providing evidence of similar and overlapping underlying mechanisms.
Social Violence, Structural Violence, Hate, and the Trauma Surgeon
Authors: Zakrison Tanya L. , Milian Valdés Davel , Muntaner Carles
Published: June 2019

Violence can be committed against oneself or against another person or group. As trauma surgeons, we are often required to administer urgent surgical interventions on patients who have sustained life-threatening injuries, including from violence. The roots of such violence, nationally and globally, are related to structures of discrimination and alienation, termed “structural violence.” This is embedded in ubiquitous social structures and normalized by stable institutions and regular experience while “normalizing the abnormal.” Surgeons and physicians have a long history of critical analysis of the upstream “causes of the causes” to understand and prevent further harm. Hate can be well adapted to the classic public health model of the spread of “disease,” with hate speech as the vector leading to direct violence. Social medicine views social inequality as the cause of disease, with political action required to protect and improve population health. It acknowledges the need to address and end structural violence, through political solutions. It is our responsibility to create the dignified environments of growth and progress for our patients and to challenge the agents of harm such as hate and discrimination. As Dr. Norman Bethune, the father of social surgery stated, “Charity should be abolished, and replaced by justice.”
Electrical properties of stretchable and skin–mountable PDMS/MWCNT hybrid composite films for flexible strain sensors
Authors: Nankali M , Nouri NM , Geran Malek N , Sanjari Shahrezaei MA
Published: June 2019

Flexible strain sensors based on carbon nanofillers have great potential in the application of skin-adhesive sensors, wearable sensors, and tactile sensors, due to their superior electrical properties. Herein, the electrical properties of highly sensitive PDMS/MWCNT strain sensors made by vacuum filtration method were investigated. In order to obtain the electrical percolation curve of the flexible conductive films, first different samples were made with the same surface area but with different wt. % of CNTs. Then, depending on CNT content, the obtained conductive films exhibited initial electrical resistance in the range of 12.5 KΩ to 22.8 MΩ. The piezoresistive films with the CNT concentration of 1.4 to 2.9 [Formula: see text] had shown superior resistance drop, so this interval was determined as the percolation threshold region. According to the SEM images, the nanocomposite layer thickness of the flexible strain sensors in this region was 790 nm to 1210 nm. Afterward, the percolation curve was obtained using curve fitting to the experimental data and the exact value of the percolation threshold was defined as [Formula: see text]. Finally, in order to determine the minimum gauge factor ([Formula: see text]) of the sensors in percolation region, a flexible strain sensor in the upper limit of this region was selected and the piezoresistive properties of the selected sample were investigated.
Evaluation method for lightning damage of carbon fiber reinforced polymers subjected to multiple lightning strikes with different combinations of current components
Authors: Sun Jinru , Yao Xueling , Xu Wenjun , Chen Jingliang , Wu Yi
Published: June 2019

The aircraft lightning environment consists of four lightning current components with different parameters, which are known as lightning components A, B, C and D. The lightning damage of aeronautic carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates subjected to multiple continuous sequential lightning current components with different timing combinations was experimentally evaluated. The experimental results indicated that the carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates suffered serious lightning damage, including carbon fiber fracture, resin pyrolysis and delamination. Through an analysis of the lightning damage properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymers, the influential factors and evaluation methods of the lightning damage in carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates were studied. Because the lightning damage evaluation method under a single lightning impulse was found to be inapplicable for the multiple continuous lightning strikes, a multi-factor evaluation method was proposed. In the multiple continuous lightning strike test, the damage depth was found to be closely related to lightning components A, B and D and could be estimated based on the amplitudes and rise rates of the applied lightning components. Increases in the damaged area after a lightning strike were driven by lightning component C due to its substantial thermal effects. The damaged area was evaluated on the basis of the parameters of the electrical action integral and the transfer charge. The research on the evaluation methods for carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminate lightning damage presented herein may provide experimental support and a theoretical basis for studying the lightning effect mechanism and optimizing material formulations, manufacturing processes and structural designs to achieve performance improvements for carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates in the future.
Construction of a Biological Age Score to Predict Tooth Loss over 10 Years
Authors: Meisel P. , Pink C. , Nauck M. , Völzke H. , Kocher T.
Published: June 2019

The aim of the present study was to construct a biological age score reflecting one’s physiologic capability and aging condition with respect to tooth loss over 10 y. From the follow-up to the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (i.e., SHIP-2), 2,049 participants were studied for their baseline biomarker measures 10 y before (i.e., in SHIP-0). Metabolic and periodontal data were regressed onto chronological age to construct a score designated as “biological age.” For either sex separately, the impact of this individualized score was used to predict tooth loss in the follow-up cohort in comparison with each participant’s chronological age. Outcome data after 10 y with respect to tooth loss, periodontitis, obesity, and inflammation were shown to be better for biologically younger subjects than as expected by their chronological age, whereas for the older subjects, data were worse. Especially for tooth loss, a striking increase was observed in subjects whose biological age at baseline appeared to be higher than their chronological age. Biological age produced significantly better tooth loss predictions than chronological age ( P < 0.001). Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves for tooth loss of ≥3 teeth in men during follow-up were 0.811 and 0.745 for biological and chronological age, respectively. For women, these figures were 0.788 and 0.724. For total tooth loss, areas under the curve were 0.890 and 0.749 in men and 0.872 and 0.752 in women. Biological age combines various measures into a single score and allows identifying individuals at increased risk of tooth loss.
Electrocution deaths reported in South Delhi, India: A retrospective analysis of 16 years of data from 2002 to 2017
Authors: Behera Chittaranjan , Sikary Asit Kumar , Rautji Ravi , Gupta Sudhir Kumar
Published: June 2019

This study is a retrospective analysis of 428 cases of electrocution deaths in the region of South Delhi, India, which were autopsied at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, during the 16-year period 2002–2017. The cases were analysed with regard to the age and sex of the victim, season of the year, site of the body, time of day, place of occurrence and presence of entry and exit wounds on the body. The cases represented approximately 1.8% of all autopsy cases during the period. The main findings of the study showed that the majority of cases involved adult males at home during the monsoon season, with a low-voltage electrical supply affecting the upper extremities. This study also confirms that not all cases of electrocution show electrocution marks. Comparison with an older study undertaken within the same population showed no difference in the pattern of cases, apart from a decreasing male-female ratio.
Online Travel Agency Price Presentation: Examining the Influence of Price Dispersion on Travelers’ Hotel Preference
Authors: Kim Jungkeun , Franklin Drew , Phillips Megan , Hwang Euejung
Published: June 2019

This research investigates the impact of different degrees of price dispersion on travelers’ hotel choice. More specifically, within an online travel agency (OTA) context, we examine the effect of wide (vs. narrow) price dispersion on hotel preference. In addition, we suggest two boundary conditions for this effect: salience of external regular price and perception of destination uncertainty. Across multiple studies, our results show that travelers prefer a hotel option featuring wide price dominance dispersion. Additionally, both the presence of an external regular price and the level of uncertainty associated with the hotel destination act as moderating influences. This work represents an emerging direction in the online price dispersion literature, namely, exploring the consequences of online price dispersion. In practice, by understanding the influence of price dispersion on consumer choice, OTAs can develop more effective pricing strategies in partnership with their hotel room suppliers.
Effects of the High-Probability Instructional Sequence in Children With Feeding Disorders: A Synthesis
Authors: Silbaugh Bryant C. , Calderon Gabriela A. , Eslava Varsovia Hernandez
Published: June 2019

The high-probability (high-p) instructional sequence is an intervention commonly used to increase compliance in a variety of skill domains, including compliance with low-probability (low-p) mealtime demands in children with pediatric feeding disorders. However, the effects of the high-p sequence on feeding have varied across studies, a systematic synthesis of the literature to guide practice and further research is lacking, and whether the high-p sequence, as an intervention for feeding problems, meets current evidence-based practice standards in special education is unknown. First, we conducted a systematic multistep search, identified seven studies that met inclusion criteria, and synthesized participant and study characteristics. Then we compared the evidence with the 2014 Council for Exceptional Children (CEC): Standards for Evidence-Based Practices in Special Education. The results suggest that (a) the high-p sequence can improve compliance with low-p mealtime demands in young children with feeding disorders but that more research is needed to clarify relevant contexts and for whom the intervention is likely to be effective, (b) additional research should examine the effects of the high-p sequence on feeding in older children or adults with disabilities as more intrusive procedures based on escape extinction become inappropriate, and (c) the evidence falls short of meeting the CEC standards for an evidence-based practice. We conclude with preliminary practice guidelines.
I Should Have Known Better: Development of a Self-Report Measure of Gullibility
Authors: Teunisse Alessandra K. , Case Trevor I. , Fitness Julie , Sweller Naomi
Published: June 2019

The aim of this research was to explore the predictors of gullibility and to develop a self-report measure of the construct. In Studies 1 to 3, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on a large pool of items resulting in a 12-item scale with two factors: Persuadability and Insensitivity to cues of untrustworthiness. Study 4 confirmed the criterion validity of the scale using two distinct samples: scam victims and members of the Skeptics Society. Study 5 demonstrated positive relationships between gullibility and the self-reported persuasiveness of, and likelihood of responding to, unsolicited emails. Throughout the article, analyses of a variety of measures expected to converge with the scale provided evidence for its construct validity. Overall, these studies demonstrate that the construct of gullibility is distinct from trust, negatively related to social intelligence, and that the Gullibility Scale is a reliable and valid measure of gullibility.
A Qualitative Exploration of Choral Singing in Community-dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Petrovsky Darina V. , Sefcik Justine S. , Cacchione Pamela Z.
Published: June 2019

Recent research has recognized the value of participatory arts, including choirs, as a strategy to engage older adults in the community. Less is known about the participation of minority older adults of low socioeconomic status (SES) in choirs. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore the perceived benefits of choral singing among older adults from Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) day centers. We elicited perceptions from 19 choir participants from three focus groups, the majority of whom were Black or African American (N =17/19), each held at a different PACE center. One main theme emerged, “Something for us to do that we love,” with two subthemes, “Joyful time together” and “Uplifting experience performing for others.” These study findings have implications for promoting choir singing in older adults to serve as a place for engagement in social interactions in a lifelong activity they love.
Music-based emotion regulation and healthy and unhealthy music use predict coping strategies in adults with substance use disorder: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Silverman Michael J
Published: June 2019

While many people use music for emotion regulation, there is a dearth of empirical inquiry investigating if music-based self-regulatory factors correlate with and predict coping in adults with substance use disorder (SUD). The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to explore music-based emotion regulation, healthy and unhealthy music use, and coping strategies in adults with SUD on a detoxification unit via correlational and multiple regression analyses. Participants ( N = 194) completed the Brief Music in Mood Regulation Scale, the Healthy-Unhealthy Music Scale, and the Brief COPE. Correlations and multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine which music-based emotion regulation factors were related to and predicted coping. There were a plethora of significant relationships between music-based factors and coping. Regression results indicated that solace predicted acceptance and entertainment predicted venting. Healthy music use predicted active coping and humor, while unhealthy music use predicted venting, denial, behavioral disengagement, and self-blame. Generally, unhealthy music use predicted maladaptive coping while healthy music use predicted adaptive coping. As music use is common for people with SUD, it seems that music-based emotion regulation training may have the possibility to augment adaptive coping skills with the ultimate goal of increasing the likelihood of recovery.
LASH syndrome: New cases with a broadening clinical phenotype
Authors: Rozen Todd D
Published: June 2019

Objective

To describe three new cases of the headache syndrome of long-lasting autonomic symptoms with hemicrania (LASH), and to establish a clinical phenotype utilizing all LASH cases noted in the medical literature.

Methods

A case series of patients was evaluated in an academic headache clinic over a two-year time period. LASH syndrome was defined by episodic headache attacks with associated cranial autonomic symptoms that start before headache onset, last the entire duration of the headache and continue on for a period of time after the headache ceases.

Results

Three patients were noted to have LASH syndrome in a two-year time period (2017–2018). One patient was diagnosed with primary LASH, while two others had probable secondary LASH from a secretory pituitary tumor. The primary LASH patient was female. She had on average one headache per week lasting 1–3 days in duration. She experienced migrainous associated symptoms along with their cranial autonomic symptoms. She also developed a fixed Horner's syndrome along with a typical headache attack, which was present for 6 months at the time of consultation. She had complete headache relief with indomethacin and her miosis and ptosis also resolved with treatment. Secondary LASH was diagnosed in two patients (one male, one female) both with prolactin secreting pituitary microadenomas. One of the patients had his headaches abolish with dopamine agonist therapy while the other patient did not respond to hormonal modulation but became pain free on indomethacin. Secondary LASH patients had less frequent headache episodes and lacked any migrainous associated features, but exhibited agitation with headache.

Conclusion

LASH syndrome may be rare, but more reported cases are entering the headache literature. The temporal profile of onset and offset of cranial autonomic symptoms is key to making the diagnosis. Primary and secondary LASH may present differently based on gender predominance, the presence of migrainous associated features, and attack frequency. Secondary LASH appears to be indomethacin responsive, suggesting that medication effectiveness should not obviate the need to do testing for secondary etiologies.
Environmental performance of collection boxes for end of life mobile phones
Authors: Šerešová Markéta , Polák Miloš , Kočí Vladimír
Published: June 2019

Managing waste electrical and electronic equipment is currently one of the top priority challenges of waste management in the European Union. The collection and subsequent processing of waste electrical and electronic equipment are realized by means of the so-called collective systems that employ collection boxes varying in size and materials used for their production. This study focuses on quantifying and comparing environmental impacts of often-used collection boxes on the example of mobile phone collection. The comparison was based on volume (20 l, 60 l, and 70 l) and on the material used for the construction of the box (polypropylene, corrugated cardboard, and stainless steel). Other parameters, such as lifetime, material and energy performance for production, end of life stage, and waste generation were taken in account. The evaluation was carried out using the method of life cycle assessment with the characterization model CML 2001 created in GaBi 8. The goal of the study was to identify the box with the smallest environmental impact and to identify the hotspots in the life cycles of the individual collection boxes. The results of the study show that polypropylene boxes are the most environmentally suitable for collecting small waste electrical and electronic equipment as they produce the lowest environmental impacts in all of the impact categories evaluated, while boxes made of stainless steel have been found to represent the least environmentally friendly option. The results of the study provide and suggest to the collective system basic data for choosing the type of collection box.
Living Well With Type 1 Diabetes for 40 Years or More
Authors: Epp Donna , Grypma Sonya , Astle Barbara
Published: June 2019

Background

Although many studies explore the experiences of persons with type 1 diabetes, most examine the experience of children, adolescents, or persons in transition to adulthood. Few studies focus on the person living long term with type 1 diabetes.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the facilitators and barriers for people living well with type 1 diabetes over the long term.

Methods

An inductive interpretive description approach was used to explore living with type 1 diabetes for a duration of 40 years or more. Qualitative semistructured interviews with a convenience sample (n = 8) were conducted.

Results

Four dialectic themes were identified: accommodating and battling the disease, convenience and constraint of technology and treatment, self-reliance and reliance on others, and external and personal knowledge.

Conclusions

Recommendations for the health-care team emphasize person-centered care with acknowledgment of the person as expert and as more than their condition. Further research with this population would strengthen the implications for practice. Specifically, research is needed on diabetes distress, losses experienced due to diabetes, how to meet their educational needs, and how to tap into their expertise for the benefit of those with type 1 following them.
The invisible woman: Susan Carnegie and Montrose Lunatic Asylum
Authors: Walbaum Sharlene D
Published: June 2019

In 1779, Susan Carnegie (1743–1821) persuaded the Town Council of Montrose, Scotland, to build a safe haven for those suffering from both poverty and mental illness. As a result, Montrose Lunatic Asylum became not only the first public asylum in Scotland, but among the first in the English-speaking world. Carnegie – born 175 years before women could vote – championed a humane and science-based response to mental illness. Montrose Asylum practised moral treatment a decade before Tuke and Pinel. As a champion of the new mental science, her enduring influence resulted in the hiring of the young W.A.F. Browne. Her story enriches the current wave of scholarship on Scottish psychiatry in particular, and on women in psychiatry in general.
The posting of workers in the European road transport industry: An approach based on the discourses of social and institutional stakeholders
Authors: Riesco-Sanz Alberto , López Jorge García , Maira Vidal María del Mar
Published: June 2019

The posting of workers is a challenge for national regulatory and job protection frameworks in the EU. We address the specific case of road transport, analysing the discourses of the principal social and institutional stakeholders (trade unions, employers’ associations, European institutions and labour inspectors) and identify the controversies that have arisen around the definition, regulation and assessment of worker posting. We consider, more generally, the direction in which the European unification project is heading.
Modelling landscape transformation at the Chalcolithic Tripolye mega-site of Maidanetske (Ukraine): Wood demand and availability
Authors: Dal Corso Marta , Hamer Wolfgang , Hofmann Robert , Ohlrau René , Shatilo Liudmyla , Knitter Daniel , Dreibrodt Stefan , Saggau Philipp , Duttmann Rainer , Feeser Ingo , Knapp Hannes , Benecke Norbert , Videiko Mykhailo , Müller Johannes , Kirleis Wiebke
Published: June 2019

Wood was a crucial resource for prehistoric societies, for instance, as timber for house construction and as fuel. In the case of the exceptionally large Chalcolithic Tripolye ‘mega-sites’ in central Ukraine, thousands of burnt buildings, indicating huge population agglomerations, hint at such a massive use of wood that it raises questions about the carrying capacity of the sensitive forest-steppe environment. In this contribution, we investigate the wood demand for the mega-site of Maidanetske (3990–3640 BCE), as reconstructed based on wood charcoal data, wood imprints on daub and the archaeo-magnetometry-based settlement plan. We developed a regional-scale model with a fuzzy approach and applied it in order to simulate the potential distribution and extent of woodlands before and after Chalcolithic occupation. The model is based upon the reconstructed ancient land surface, soil information derived from cores and the potential natural woodland cover reconstructed based on the requirements of the prevailing ancient tree species. Landscape scenarios derived from the model are contrasted and cross-checked with the archaeological empirical data. We aim to understand whether the demand for wood triggered the site development. Did deforestation and consequent soil degradation and lack of resources initiate the site’s abandonment? Or, alternatively, did the inhabitants develop sustainable woodland management strategies? Starting from the case study of Maidanetske, this study provides estimates of the extent of human impact on both carrying capacity and landscape transformations in the sensitive transitional forest-steppe environment. Overall, the results indicate that the inhabitants of the Chalcolithic site did not suffer from a significant shortage in the wood resource at any time of inhabitation in the contexts of the different scenarios provided by the model. An exception is given by the phase of maximum house construction and population within a scenario of dry climatic conditions.
Factors associated with infection amongst paediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus treated in the intensive care unit
Authors: Restrepo-Escobar M , A Ríos N , Hernández-Zapata LJ , Velásquez M , Eraso R
Published: June 2019

Objective

To identify determinants and outcomes associated with infection in paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients at admission and during hospitalization in intensive care units (ICUs).

Patients and methods

A retrospective cohort study of paediatric SLE patients admitted to two ICUs was conducted. Frequency and risk factors of infection as well as mortality were studied.

Results

Seventy-three infection episodes amongst 55 patients were analysed. The median age was 14.4 years (IQR 12.5–16). The median SLEDAI was 16 (IQR 12–20). Twenty-nine episodes were documented at admission; the CRP was higher in these patients (6.58 versus 1.04 mg/dl, p<0.001) than in non-infected patients, even after multivariate adjustment (OR 8.6, 95% CI = 2.1–34.8, p = 0.003). Twenty-five (34.7%) episodes occurred during hospitalization. Lupus activity (OR 1.14, 95% CI = 1.01–1.27, p = 0.029), cyclophosphamide (OR 17.9, 95% CI = 2–156, p = 0.009) and mechanical ventilation (OR 16, 95% CI = 2.1–122, p = 0.008) were associated with infection. Ten episodes (14%) led to death. Admission to the ICU due to infection was strongly associated with mortality (90% versus 31.8%, OR 19.4, 95% CI = 2.3–163, p = 0.006).

Conclusion

In paediatric lupus patients admitted to the ICU, elevated CRP should alert clinicians to possible infection. During hospitalization, SLE activity and cyclophosphamide were associated with infection. Infection at admission to the ICU was strongly associated with mortality.
Developing Students’ Coaching Ability Through Peer Coaching
Authors: Eriksen Matthew , Collins Sarah , Finocchio Bailey , Oakley Julian
Published: June 2019

Our study adds to the existing literature by documenting an improvement in students’ coaching effectiveness over the course of the semester, as well as identifying the most important factors contributing to this improvement. We identify the rationale for the development of the peer coaching process and its learning objectives, as well as describe the employment of the peer coaching process. We found that training, structured peer-feedback, supporting handouts, and consistent practice of peer coaching were the most important factors to becoming an effective peer coach. The most challenging factors to students in becoming an effective peer coach were developing their ability to effectively listen to their peers and the fear associated with asking their partner challenging or probing questions. Rather than listening, students found themselves interjecting their opinions, offering advice, talking about themselves, or relating what their partners were saying to their own lives, if only in their minds. We found the most effective aspects of students’ peer coaching in supporting peers’ leadership development were being nonjudgmental, listening, accountability, and asking questions. We present suggestions to prepare instructors and students to employ a peer coaching process, as well as possible adaptations.
White Student Comfort and Conflict in Experiential Racial Dialogues
Authors: Maxwell Kelly , Chesler Mark
Published: June 2019

Background: White students are both curious and sometimes apprehensive about engaging in dialogues about race. Purpose: We investigate white university students’ experience of comfort and conflict in racial interaction in inter- and intragroup dialogues. Methodology/Approach: We analyzed student papers written at the beginning and end of the dialogue as well as their post-semester interviews, for their hopes/fears, classroom racial experiences, and learnings. Findings/Conclusions: White students in two types of semester-long dialogue courses reported issues of relative comfort and conflict as they explored their own and others’ racial histories and outlooks. They reported feeling safer in the white-only (intragroup) dialogues, as they learned about white culture and privilege; they also lamented not having racialized “others” to learn from. White students in the interracial (intergroup) dialogues often reported more discomfort, risk, and tension, as they learned about the impact of white culture and privilege on students of color, as well as about racism as a white problem. Implications: We draw implications for educational practice that include dissonance and conflict as stimuli for student learning and the use of experienced-based pedagogical techniques that encourage student sharing, critical reflection on narratives and encounters, and mutual participation.
Variational bounds and overall shear modulus of nano-composites with interfacial damage in anti-plane couple stress elasticity
Authors: Shodja Hossein M , Hashemian Behdad
Published: June 2019

It is well known that classical continuum theory has certain deficiencies in capturing the size effects and predicting the nanoscopic behavior of materials in the vicinity of nano-inhomogeneities and nano-defects with reasonable accuracy. Couple stress theory which is associated with an internal length scale for the medium is one of the higher order continuum theories capable of overcoming such difficulties. In this work, the problem of a nano-size fiber embedded in an unbounded isotropic elastic body for three different types of interface conditions: perfect, imperfect (partially damaged), and pure sliding (completely damaged) subjected to remote anti-plane loading is examined in this framework. The physically realistic size-dependent elastic fields for the problem will be derived analytically. The discontinuities of the displacement and rotation fields at the imperfect interfaces are assumed to be proportional to the associated reduced traction and couple traction, respectively. The effect of the interfacial damage on the stress field around the nano-fiber is also examined. Subsequently, the elastic field of a single nano-fiber with a damaged interface condition is employed in conjunction with the Mori–Tanaka theory to estimate the size-dependent overall anti-plane shear modulus of such solids enriched with unidirectional circular cylindrical fibers severely damaged at their interfaces with the matrix. The dependence of the anti-plane elastic shear modulus on several important physical parameters such as size, interface conditions, rigidity of the fiber, and the characteristic length of the constituents is analyzed. Finally, a variational approach for the estimation of the upper and lower bounds of anti-plane shear modulus will be given within couple stress elasticity and, moreover, the dependence of the bounds on the matrix–fiber interface damage and the fiber to the matrix rigidity ratio is examined.
Stochastic micromechanical predictions for the probabilistic behavior of saturated concrete repaired by the electrochemical deposition method
Authors: Chen Qing , Zhu Hehua , Ju J Woody , Yan Zhiguo , Jiang Zhengwu , Chen Bo , Wang Yaqiong , Fan Zhihong
Published: June 2019

A stochastic micromechanical framework is proposed to quantitatively characterize the probabilistic behavior of the mechanical performance of the saturated concrete healed by the electrochemical deposition method. Micromechanical model for the healed saturated concrete is presented based on the material microstructures, and new multilevel homogenization procedures are proposed to quantitatively predict the effective properties of the repaired concrete considering the inter-particle interactions. The evolutions of the deposition products are characterized by non-stationary random process, which is represented by Karhunen–Loeve approximations with limited random variables. The probabilistic behavior for the effective properties of the repaired concrete is reached by incorporating the maximum entropy principle and Monte Carlo simulations. The predictions obtained by the proposed stochastic micromechanical framework are then compared with the available experimental data, existing models, and commonly used probability density functions, which indicate that the presented stochastic micromechanical framework is capable of describing the electrochemical deposition method healing process, considering the inherent randomness of the material microstructures. Finally, the influences of the deposition products on the probabilistic behavior of the repaired concrete are discussed on the basis of the proposed models.
Measurement Invariance of the ADHD Rating Scale–IV Home and School Versions Across Age, Gender, Clinical Status, and Informant
Authors: Dobrean Anca , Păsărelu Costina-Ruxandra , Balazsi Robert , Predescu Elena
Published: June 2019

The present study aimed to investigate the measurement invariance across age, gender, clinical status, and informant of the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale–IV (ADHD-RS-IV) Home and School versions. The participants were 1,106 Romanian children and adolescents (mean age = 12.74 years, standard deviation = 2.84, age range 6-18 years). Both parents and teachers assessed ADHD symptoms. The factorial structure of the scale was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, and measurement invariance was assessed using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. The results supported the reliability of the ADHD-RS-IV, with high internal consistency coefficients for both versions. Confirmatory factor analysis validated a two-factor model. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the measurement invariance of ADHD-RS-IV across age, gender, clinical status, and informant. ADHD-RS-IV had good psychometric properties in a sample of Romanian children and adolescents. It is a reliable instrument given its strong invariance. Implications for evidence-based assessment of ADHD are discussed.
Analytic stress solution for a circular tunnel in half plane with a concentrated force
Authors: Cai Hui , Lu Ai-zhong , Ma Yao-cai
Published: June 2019

An analytic stress solution is presented for a circular tunnel problem in a half plane with a concentrated force acting on any position in the field under gravity. The solution uses the complex variable method and the power series method. The influence of the unbalanced force system on the tunnel boundary is considered. The relationship between two analytic functions is established by using surface stress boundary condition. The analytic functions can be determined from the tunnel stress boundary condition. Based on the principle of superposition, the stresses of the surrounding rock can be calculated by superimposing three partial solutions which are obtained separately. The examples give contour plots of the principal stresses in the surrounding rock, focus on the stress distribution on the ground surface and the tunnel boundary and analyze the effect on the stress distribution of some main parameters.
Interaction affordances in traditional instruments and tablet computers: A study of children’s musical group creativity
Authors: Huovinen Erkki , Rautanen Heli
Published: June 2019

In order to promote children’s collaborative musical creativity in new digital environments, we need a better understanding not only of the sound production capabilities provided by the new digital tools, but also of the interaction affordances involved. This study focuses on the interactional patterns emerging in children’s musical creativity, comparing creative group processes on iPad tablet computers (with GarageBand software) to processes on traditional musical instruments. Both instrumentations were assigned to five groups of four 10–12-year-olds for creating sound landscapes for a “space” movie. The traditional instrument groups’ processes were characterized by peer teaching as well as multimodal, improvisatory negotiations with rapid exchanges between the participants, both kinds of processes involving the intertwining of deictic expressions with hands-on musical demonstrations, and clear signs of group flow. By contrast, the tablet groups relied on solitary, parallel planning processes where possible coordinations between the participants took on a more abstract, conceptual form, at a remove from the actual musical ideas and their interplay. Also, there were far fewer signs of group flow than in the traditional instrument groups. In sum, the tablets did not seem to match traditional musical instruments in terms of their interactional and creative affordances. This may be because the traditional instruments offer richer textures of gestural and tactile qualities, visual cues, and spatial anchoring points for facilitating concrete musical interaction, and because the GarageBand software actually requires some reliance on abstract conceptual labels, channelling the participants’ attention toward pre-planning rather than hands-on musical play. The results are problematized with a view to our decision to treat the tablet computer as akin to a musical instrument rather than as an action environment of its own.
Moving gender: Home museums and the construction of their inhabitants
Authors: Vinitzky-Seroussi Vered , Dekel Irit
Published: June 2019

Home museums in Israel and Germany produce a representational space in which the public figure, usually a ‘great man,’ is effectively ‘dragged home’ to the so-called private sphere so as to make the domestic worthy of musealization. Based on three years of ethnographic research in nine such museums (four in Israel and five in Germany), this article shows that when the sphere most identified with women is represented through the life and work of the men who lived there, the place of the wife and children is sidelined, belittled, and at times concealed. In representing famous persons through material space and objects in the private abode, museal techniques determine which specific domestic areas, such as the kitchen and the bedroom, become the prime location of telling stories about women who lived in the house. They provide a shared perspective for visitors who find the stories about the wives endearing, recognizing home through them.
In the child’s voice: The experiences of primary school children with social, emotional and mental health difficulties
Authors: Dolton Alice , Adams Sarah , O’Reilly Michelle
Published: June 2019

In England schools are increasingly responsible for supporting children with Social, Emotional and Mental Health (SEMH) difficulties yet their voices are rarely represented. Through semi-structured interviews, the views of 11 children aged 6–11 years with SEMH difficulties were sought. Using thematic analysis two themes were identified – (1) social relationships and interactions, and (2) emotional and behavioural reactions. The children demonstrated that they were articulate and reflective about the impact their difficulties have in the learning environment. For some, they reported building and maintaining close reciprocal friendships which they felt enriched their time at school. It was concluded that children with SEMH difficulties need to feel safe and supported by adults to flourish in school. This work demonstrates the importance of taking a child-centred approach, allowing children to feel heard, understood and valued.
Life-cycle assessment of ships: The effects of fuel consumption reduction and light displacement tonnage
Authors: Dong Duc Tuan , Cai Wei
Published: June 2019

Life-cycle assessment has been widely applied in many industry sectors for years and there are some applications of this method in the shipping sector. Fuel consumption and material consumption are considered as crucial factors in the life cycle of ship. This study uses the life-cycle assessment method to show the effects of fuel consumption reduction and light displacement tonnage on the environmental performance of ships. This is done by comparing the environmental impacts of 25 investigated scenarios with different fuel consumption and light displacement tonnage. CML2001 methodology is used to evaluate the impact assessment and the results are calculated using GaBi software. The results show that fuel consumption reduction could cut down the environmental impacts. However, some scenarios are not environmentally beneficial due to the increase in light displacement tonnage. The effects of fuel consumption and light displacement tonnage on 12 CML2001 environmental indicators are different. It is recommended that the life-cycle assessment method should be used to fully assess the environmental impacts of ships before applying any techniques in order to achieve the environmental benefits.
Creative Strengths-Based Approaches to Health Promotion: Perspectives From Graduate Training Experiences
Authors: Cooper Elizabeth , Blanchet Rosanne
Published: June 2019

The authors met during a career development experience where they discussed the commonalities of their successes and challenges conducting creative strengths-based health promotion research with underserved communities during their graduate and postgraduate training. They identified changes to health promotion pedagogy that they would like to see in the future. These include understanding both the strengths and the challenges of creative strengths-based health promotion research conducted with underserved communities, ensuring that reflexivity and flexibility is a component of the process, developing support networks for trainees, understanding personal limitations to effect change, and supporting self-care. They hope that trainees and health education programs will learn from their experiences.
Potentiality, political protest and constituent power: A response to the special issue
Authors: Murphy Michael PA
Published: June 2019

Emergent forms of political protest and constitution often provide limit cases for their contemporary theoretical models, and transnational protest movements from Occupy to Democracy in Europe 2025 are no exception. The recent special issue of the Journal of International Political Theory offers a number of different conceptual paths towards understanding these developments, revising and refreshing categories like civil disobedience, opposition, resistance, as well as constituent and destituent power. However, the plurality of perspectives in the special issue leads to a certain degree of uncertainty in the use of terms. This response to the special issue begins with a reflection on its major conceptual developments, addresses the missed encounter with Giorgio Agamben’s theory of ‘destituent potential’ and develops a framework for contrasting different theoretical approaches to political protest and constitution through their relation to potentiality. This taxonomy of emergent forms of political protest and constitution complements the substantial theoretical developments undertaken in the special issue by making the important conceptual relationships between them more readily visible. As well, by demonstrating the applicability of potentiality to the study of International Relations, this framework contributes to the project of the theoretical investigation of international politics.
Eliciting the True Self: The Effects of Doctoral Education on Students’ Implicit Leadership Theories and Authentic Leader Identity Development
Authors: Latta Gail F.
Published: June 2019

The essence of authentic leadership is alignment of actions with an identity grounded in the “true self.” Theoretically, achieving such alignment requires self-awareness of discrepancies between current leadership capacity and elements of aspirational identity. Using personal constructs psychology, this study explores evidence that doctoral education serves as a catalyst for developing authentic leader identity. Repertory grid technique was used to elicit the implicit leadership theories of students enrolled in their first and final Leadership Core courses in an interdisciplinary doctoral program. Data analysis revealed significant differences in the complexity and integration, but not differentiation of leader identity.