bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experience with successful application of rituximab for the
treatment of generalized granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s)
Authors: Voichenko Kristina V. , Shilova L. N. , Slyusar’ O. P. , Chernov A. S.
Published: November 2020

The paper reports a case of generalized granulomatosis with polyangiitis in a 53 year-old patient with special reference to the difficulties of its diagnostics and successful treatment. The disease started as meningoencephalitis and left-hand hemisinusitis that later developed into pulmonary pathology with multiple foci and large decay cavities in all parts of the lungs. The disease was associated with strongly positive anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs). Despite treatment with high doses of corticosteroids, pulse therapy, and antibiotic therapy, febrile syndrome persisted, respiratory failure and periodic epileptic seizure progressed. Rituximab therapy in combination with pulse therapy provided a highly efficient tool for the treatment of generalized granulomatosis with polyangiitis.
Arterial thromboembolism in systemic circulatory system
Authors: Vasil’tseva Olga Ya. , Vorozhtsova I. N. , Gorlova A. A. , Selivanova I. Kh.
Published: November 2020

Embolic complications constitute a serious challenge for modern medicine. They tend to develop suddenly, markedly deteriorate the patient’s condition, and have severe consequences. Almost 20% of arterial thromboses and embolisms are fatal and 40% cause lifelong disablement. Emboli travel in the bloodstream in an unpredictable manner. 90-96% of the cases of arterial thromboembolism in systemic circulatory system are associated with cardiac diseases accompanied by disturbances in heart contractility (acute myocardial infarction, postinfarction aneurism, cardioapathies) and with congenital or acquired heart disease. 60-70% of the cases of arterial thromboembolism are due to coronary heart disease or its complications. A review of the literature on arterial thromboembolism in systemic circulatory system is presented.
The role of regulatory adaptive status in determining the
effectiveness of bisoprololum and sotalolum in patients with hypertensive disease and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Tregubov V. G. , Eremina Marina A. , Kanorsky S. G. , Pokrovsky V. M.
Published: November 2020

A rise in mortality from cardiovascular causes, systemic thromboembolism, and congestive heart failure, in the frequency of hospitalization and deterioration of the quality of life is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). Essential hypertension (EH) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are the most common causes of AF. To prevent recurrence of AF in patients with hypertension or IHD, beta-blockers (BAB) can be used. Taking into account the possible effect of multidirectional BAB on the functional state of the body, it is advisable to apply the quantitative assessment of the regulatory-adaptive status (RAS), in order to determine the effectiveness of therapy. Aim. To compare the effectiveness of treatment with bisoprololum or sotalolum in patients with paroxysmal AF associated with EH and/or IHD taking into account the quantitative evaluation of the regulatory adaptive status (RAS). Material and methods. 60 patients with paroxysmal AF , stage II-III EH and/or IHD took part in the study; they were randomized into two groups for the treatment with bisoprololum (6,7±1,6 mg/day n=30) or sotalolum (156,0±35,2 mg/day n=30). As part of combined therapy, the patients were administered lisinoprilum (12,9±3,8 mg/day and 13,3±4,0 mg/day) and, if required, atorvastatin (16,6±4,1 mg/day, n=12 and 16,3±4,9 mg/day, n=13) and acetylsalicylic acid (90,8±16,8 mg/day, n=13 и 91,7±14,4 mg/day, n=12), respectively. Initially and 6 months after therapy, the following was done: quantitative assessment of RAS (by cardio-respiratory synchronism test), echocardiography, triplex scanning of brachiocephalic arteries, treadmill test, six-minute walk test, all-day monitoring of blood pressure and electrocardiogram, subjective assessment of the quality of life. Results. Both drug regimens comparably improved structural and functional condition of the heart, increased exercise tolerance, controlled arterial hypertension, reduced symptoms of IHD, effectively suppressed paroxysms of AF, improved the quality of life. At the same time, sotalolum decreased the RAS to a lesser degree than bisoprololum. Conclusion. In patients with paroxysmal AF associated with stage II-III HD and/or IHD, the use of sotalolum as part of combined therapy may be preferable to bisoprololum due to its lower negative impact on the RAS.
Atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta in residents of european north of Russia.
Authors: Fedotova Elena V. , Popov V. A. , Malyavsky I. Yu.
Published: November 2020

Work of recent years have made major contributions to the study of epidemiology and pathological anatomy of atherosclerotic coronary, cerebrovascular, violation of circulation in the lower extremities. At the same time, ischemic bowel disease, although less attention to vascular lesions of the gastrointestinal tract in recent years is of great importance. In most cases, defeat diagnose coincidental patient survey about unspecific abdominal pain or any disease. The lack of timely diagnostics and treatment in these patients can lead to severe complications. Possible effect of jcclusive lesions stenoticheskogo unpaired visceral arteries can become a violation of visceral blood flow. In order to study the regularities of atherosclerotic arteries residents have visceral orphan of the European North of Russia have been researched native preparations visceral arteries, visually unified planometricheskim method proposed by who experts. The study found in atherosclerotic aorta branches into the visceral unpaired various stages of pathological process and combinations revealed 79.2%, mean age 61.3 ± 12.1 years (the lowest value 25). On the frequency of occurrence of defeat pathological process Championship belongs to the superior mesenteric artery of 73.1%. Celiac artery atherosclerosis in the population of the inhabitants of the European North of Russia meets 62.5% among affected atherosclerosis visceral branches. Upper bryzheechnaja artery is amazed at 72.5% of the cases. Atherosclerosis of the lower bryzheechnoj arteries occurs in 41.2%, median age 64.9 ± 12.9.
Features of diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary hypertension.
Authors: Dorogojkina K. D. , Karoli Nina A. , Kosheleva N. A. , Rebrov A. P.
Published: November 2020

This article represents clinical case of idiopathic pulmonary hypertension in 34 years old woman. Discussion questions of late diagnosis this rare disease, questions of differential diagnosis with pulmonary embolism in real clinical practice. As a rule, idiopathic pulmonary hypertension develops gradually without any pathognomonic symptoms. Disease often occurs among reproductive working aged (20-40 years old) women. So it is an actual problem in spite of low prevalence of this illness. In our case the main problem was to exclude pulmonary embolism. It was implemented through timely and full diagnostic measures. This case demonstrates late diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. Diagnosis delay limits success of treatment as with lots of other pathology and compelled to earliest excluding serious illness in diagnosis survey.
Features of still’s disease of adults in the twenty-first century.
Authors: Murav'ev Yuryi V. , Lebedeva V. V.
Published: November 2020

The review presents current data on still disease, which has developed in adults, concerning the causes of its occurrence, features of pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical picture (with the release of subtypes), treatment, taking into account the nature of the course and life-threatening complications.
Modern
approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of femoral neck fractures.
Authors: Parfeev S. G. , Rankov M. M. , Brizhan L. K. , Davydov D. V. , Buryachenko B. P. , Shiyanov E. Yu. , Varfolomeev I. D.
Published: November 2020

Choice of surgical tactics in femur neckfractures is the actual problem of modern traumatology and orthopedics. The analysis of results of treatment of patients with femur neck fractures is carried out. It is taped that femur neck fractures happened in the place of the formed solitary cyst. Diagnostics of cysts of a femur neck is complicated, however at their detection, performance of an osteosynthesis of a femur neck can lead to development of a nearthrosis. Selection criteria ofpatients which were established the osteosynthesis of a neck of a femur or endoprosthesis replacement of a hip joint is shown. The received clinical and statistical results demonstrate that use of these criteria promotes decrease of quantity of auditing interventions and improvement of quality of life ofpatients.
Idiopathic gastro-duodenal ulcers.
Authors: Sheptulin A. A.I. , Kardasheva S. S. , Beer A.
Published: November 2020

Idiopathic gastroduodenal ulcers (IGD) are stomach and duodenal ulcers not associated with Helicobacter pylori infection or with the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Their relative frequency ranges from 1.6 to 35%, and is likely to be overestimated due to frequent false negative test results. The etiology and pathogenesis of IGDH remain poorly understood. Factors contributing to their development can serve as old age, hereditary predisposition, disorders of gastric mucus, mesenteric ischemia. Compared to the positive peptic ulcer disease, PYLORI is characterized by less favorable course, higher frequency of gastrointestinal bleeding (including repeated), slow healing, more frequent recurrence. Treatment of IGD involves long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI).
Effect of smoking cessation on microcirculation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with
coronary heart disease.
Authors: Korneeva N. V. , Sirotin B. Z.
Published: November 2020

Introduction. The promotion of quitting smoking in recent years is becoming increasingly popular. Many researchers recognize this measure as the most effective in primary and secondary prevention in cardiac patients. Deep mechanisms, through which the positive effect of quitting smoking is realized, continue to be studied. The authors present the results of their own studies devoted to the consequences of endothelial dysfunction (ED) caused by smoking and rejection of it in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), manifested at the level of the microcirculatory bed and microcirculation. Material and methods. A microcirculatory bed of bulbar conjunctiva in 93 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) for 7-10 days of inpatient treatment was examined by computer-assisted video biomicroscopy (CAVBM) method. The average diameter of microvessels, the degree of intravascular red blood cells aggregation and its prevalence in various areas of the conjunctiva were assessed in three groups: quitting smokers (n = 29), smokers (n = 36) and non-smokers (n = 28). The patients were comparable in clinical and laboratory characteristics and the volume of treatment received. Results showed more pronounced manifestations of ED in smokers with IHD. Despite this, after the cessation of smoking, the effects of ED were reduced, which led to a significant increase in the diameter of the arterioles (р<0,0001) and capillaries (р=0,0544) and a decrease in the scale of intravascular red blood cells aggregation. Conclusions. Endothelial dysfunction arising in IHD is exacerbated by smoking. After quitting smoking, ED is significantly reduced. The results substantiate the recommendations for quitting smoking among patients with IHD as a measure ofprimary and secondary prevention of ACS.
Predictors of effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Authors: Tikhonenko E. V. , Arkhipova A. G. , Babenko A. Y. , Shlyakhto E. V.
Published: November 2020

Diabetes type 2 (CD2), which develops mainly against visceral obesity, is socially significant disease, reduction of losses from which is priority in development of modern medicine. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (aGPP-1) is one of few groups of antidiabetic drugs that allows to reduce not only glycemia, but also weight with CD2. Taking into account predictors of response to therapy will allow highest probability to reach targets while maintaining safety of treatment, optimize recommendations for appointment of aGPP-1 as much as possible. Aims: to assess dynamics of metabolic parameters, to determine predictors of reduction in blood glucose, body weight and other metabolic parameters in AGPP-1 therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes with body mass index (BMI) >35 kg/m. Material and methods. Study involved 33 patients (10 men, 23 women) who had been treated with aGPP-1, planned period of observation for 24 weeks. Early termination ofparticipation of 3 patients (1 - due to development ofpancreatitis, 2 - due to lack of financial opportunity to purchase the drug). Accordingly, 30 patients (10 men, 20 women) were included in final analysis. Examination consisted of survey, physical examination with measurement of anthropometric, clinical parameters, filling questionnaires. Data were evaluated initially and after 24 weeks of treatment. Results. Study found that patients who achieved weight loss > 5% initially had higher BMI (p = 0.028), lower GLP-1 (p = 0.036), had lower level of ghrelin after sample with standard breakfast (p = 0.022). There was trend (p = 0.071) to greater decrease in BMI in patients with restrictive type of eating behavior compared to patients who had mixed type. More pronounced decrease in glycemia was noted in patients who had higher fasting plasma glucose level at inclusion (p = 0.001). Dynamics of HbA1C was better in patients with initially higher GLP-1 (p = 0.016) and higher levels of glycemia (p = 0.001). Also, in examined patients, there was statistically significant decrease in level of triglycerides, blood pressure by end of treatment period. Conclusions. Results indicate that there are different predictors for weight loss, glycemia and blood pressure in aGPP-1 therapy. In addition to metabolic parameters, level of orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones and psycho-social characteristics ofpatients help to estimate expected effect of therapy for ARP1. When predictors are identified, predictors of weight loss and carbohydrate metabolism compensation should be studied separately. Identification of response predictors is necessary to optimize indications for prescribing this group of drugs with CD2.
Predictors of sudden cardiovascular death in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with connective tissue dysplasia
Authors: Syromyatnikova Tat’yana N. , Obukhova T. V. , Golovskoy B. V. , Berg M. D. , Khovaeva Ya. B. , Ermachkova L. V.
Published: November 2020

Connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) occurs in 70% of the patients with obstructive bronchial pathology. It promotes the development of electrical instability of myocardium and life-threatening arrhythmias. We studied electrocardiographic markers of myocardial instability in patients with chronic obstructive bronchial pathology and CTD markers. Such patients were shown to more frequently have ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias, decreased circadian heart rate index and enhanced heart rhythm variability. Other findings included high frequency of such predictors of sudden cardiovascular death as prolonged and enhanced dispersion of QT intervals, T-wave microalternation, late atrial and ventricular potentials. The arrhythmic activity and the occurrence ofpredictors of sudden cardiovascular death increased in the patients aged above 60 years with obstructive bronchial pathology and CTD.
Marco teórico para un análisis integral de los derechos humanos y fundamentales
Authors: Parra-Quemba William Javier
Published: November 2020

Este trabajo, tiene como objetivo mostrar que la construcción del marco teórico de los derechos humanos ha girado entorno a cuatro grandes categorías de análisis que son el concepto, la fundamentación, la materialización y las responsabilidades por la protección y vulneración de los mismos. Sin embargo, desde hace ya más de una década, se están priorizado los estudios dirigidos a la construcción y solución de los problemas sociales prácticos que afectan los derechos fundamentales, sociales y colectivos, así mismo las actividades de los grupos de investigación y las organizaciones de defensores de derechos humanos confluyen en la necesidad de aplicar la investigación- acción y el desarrollo de medios y estrategias para materializarlos mediante el litigio estratégico constitucional y legal, así como mediante propuestas de políticas públicas.
Prinsip-Prinsip Peradilan Pajak Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Pajak
Authors: Maheswara Ravi Hafids
Published: November 2020

Pemungutan pajak dapat berakibat timbulnya sengketa pajak antara wajib pajak dan pemungut pajak. Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 14 tahun 2002 Tentang Pengadilan Pajak (yang selanjutnya disebut UU Pengadilan Pajak) Pasal 1 angka 5 menyatakan bahwa sengketa pajak adalah sengketa yang timbul dalam bidang perpajakan antara wajib pajak atau penanggung pajak dengan pejabat yang berwenang sebagai akibat dikeluarkannya keputusan yang akan diajukan banding atau gugatan kepada pengadilan pajak berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan perpajakan, termasuk gugatan atas pelaksanaan penagihan berasarkan Undang-Undang Penagihan Pajak dengan surat paksa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum yang disusun menggunakan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan juga pendekatan konseptual. Dari penelitian hukum ini, diketahui bahwa prinsip yang mendasari dalam penyelesaian sengketa dalam peradilan pajak adalah prinsip Kekuasaan Kehakiman (dominius litis) karena dengan adanya prinsip Kekuasaan Kehakiman hakim. Pengadilan pajak tidak mengikuti kompetensi relatif badan peradilan di lingkungan peradilan tata usaha negara. Sedangkan Kompetensi absolut pengadilan pajak adalah pengadilan pajak berwenang untuk memeriksa dan memutus sengketa pajak berupa banding maupun gugatan yang akan diajukan oleh pihak-pihak yang berkehendak untuk memeriksa dan memutus sengketa pajak dan tidak boleh dilakukan oleh badan peradilan lainnya termasuk pengadilan dalam lingkungan peradilan tata usaha negara.
Kedudukan Sita Marital Harta Bersama Dalam Proses Perceraian Bersamaan Dengan Proses Pailit
Authors: Sari Oktavia Nadia
Published: November 2020

Didalam proses kepailitan terhadap harta debitor akan dilakukan sita umum selama proses pailit berlangsung. Sita Umum (Public attachment, gerechtelijk beslag) sendiri berupa sita keseluruhan harta kekayaan debitor yang masuk harta pailit beserta apa yang diperoleh selama kepailitan. Kepailitan debitor yang terikat perkawinan akan mengakibatkan masuknya seluruh harta bersama suami isteri ke boedel pailit, sehingga terhadap harta bersama tersebut suami isteri kehilangan haknya untuk menguasai dan mengurus harta tersebut. Rumusan Masalah pada penelitian ini meliputi: 1. Kedudukan Sita Marital Harta Bersama dalam Proses Perceraian Bersamaan dengan Proses Pailit 2. Penyelesaian Harta Bersama Dalam Proses Perceraian Bilamana Pasangan Kawin dinyatakan Pailit. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan Pendekatan Konseptual dan Pendekatan Perundang-Undangan. Hasil dari Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan: 1. Sita Marital yang diajukan menjadi hapus dan batal demi hukum bertentangan dengan Pasal 31 Undang-Undang Kepailitan 2. Tanggung Jawab suami isteri terhadap utang selama perkawinan berakibat pasangannya harus ikut bertanggung jawab juga terhadap harta bersama.
EVALUASI PERSEPSI MUZAKKI TENAGA KEPENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA TENTANG KEIMANAN, PENDAPATAN, KEPERCAYAAN DAN CITRA LEMBAGA TERHADAP MINAT MEMBAYAR ZAKAT PROFESI
Authors: Ulum Riski Fathul , Cahyono Eko Fajar
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui persepsi penilaian kepercayaan, pendapatan, keyakinan dan citra lembaga terhadap minat membayar zakat profesi kepada tenaga kependidikan Universitas Airlangga. Metode yang di gunakan adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan tabulasi sederhana. Pengambilan data primer dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner, serta mengambil sampel sebanyak 96 tenaga kependidikan dari seluruh Fakultas Universitas Airlangga Surabaya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, menunjukkan bahwa responden menilai setuju dan mempertimbangkan pentingnya nilai keimanan yang dianut dan mendorong minat untuk membayar zakat profesi. Responden menilai setuju dan mempertimbangkan besar kecilnya pendapatan yang diperoleh tiap bulan untuk membayar zakat profesi. Responden menilai setuju dan mempertimbangkan nilai kepercayaan yang telah di bangun pada LAZ dan BAZ dalam mendorong minat untuk membayar zakat profesi sedangkan responden merasa tidak setuju dengan citra lembaga,warna, logo dan brand yang di bangun oleh LAZ dan BAZ. Responden merasa yakin berzakat profesi.Kata Kunci: Penilaian Keimanan,Pendapatan,Kepercayaan,Citra Lembaga,Minat,Zakat Profesi ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of the assessment of trust, income, belief and the image of the institution on the interest in paying zakat professionally to education personnel at Universitas Airlangga. The method used is quantitative descriptive method using simple tabulations. Primary data collection in this study was carried out by using a questionnaire and taking a sample of 96 education personnel from all Faculties of Airlangga University, Surabaya. Based on the results of the study, it shows that respondents agree and consider the importance of the value of the faith they adhere to and encourage interest in paying professional zakat. Respondents agree and consider the size of the income earned each month to pay profession zakat profession. Respondents considered agreeing and considering the value of trust that has been built in LAZ and BAZ in encouraging interest in paying zakat professionally, while respondents did not agree with the image of the institution, colors, logos and brands built by LAZ and BAZ. Respondents feel sure they have zakat professionally.Keywords: Valuation of Faith, Income, Trust, Image of   Institution, Interest, Profession Zakat
PENGARUH PENGELUARAN ROKOK RUMAH TANGGA MUSLIM DI INDONESIA TERHADAP PENGELUARAN PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Putri Audi Apriliyan , Auwalin Ilmiawan
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAKTujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengeluaran rokok terhadap pengeluaran pendidikan rumah tangga muslim di Indonesia. Variabel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari pengeluaran rokok, pendapatan, tingkat pendidikan kepala rumah tangga, usia dan wilayah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS 5) dengan 21.815 responden terpilih. Teknik analisis yang digunakan merupakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengeluaran rokok, pendapatan, tingkat pendidikan, usia dan wilayah berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pengeluaran pendidikan. Pengeluaran rokok dan wilayah memiliki hasil negatif signifikan terhadap pengeluaran pendidikan, yang artinya terdapat hubungan yang berkebalikan. Pendapatan, tingkat pendidikan dan usia memiliki hasil positif signifikan terhadap pengeluaran pendidikan, yang artinya terhadap hubungan yang searah dengan tingkat pendidikan. Memiliki hasil koefisien determinasi variasi variabel dependen sebesar 13,65%.Kata Kunci: Pengeluaran Rokok, Pengeluaran Pendidikan, Pendapatan, Pendidikan Kepala Rumah Tangga, Usia, Wilayah ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to determine the effect of cigarette expenditure on Muslim household education expenditure in Indonesia. The variables in this study consisted of cigarette expenditure, income, level of education of household heads, age and region. This research is quantitative. The data used are secondary data obtained from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS 5) with 21,815 respondents selected. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study indicate that cigarette expenditure, income, education level, age and region significantly influence education expenditure. Cigarette and regional expenditure have a significant negative effect on education spending, which means there is a reverse relationship. Income, education level and age have significant positive results on education expenditure, which means that the relationship is in the same direction with the level of education. Having the coefficient of determination of the variation of the dependent variable of 13.65%.Keywords: Cigarette ExpenditurEs, Education Expenditure, Income, Household Head Education
PIBIC EXPLORAÇÃO SEXUAL COMERCIAL NO TOCANTINS AO NORTE DA BR- 153
Authors: Araujo Menezes Kellen Cristiny , Serafim da Silva Ana Cristina
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo geral investigar a violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes em alguns municípios cortados pela Br-153 no Tocantins e identificar as características desse fenômeno. Adota-se a teoria sócio histórica para reflexão acerca da infância e adolescência, gênero, políticas públicas e violação de direitos. Com relação aos materiais e métodos, segue uma abordagem de caráter qualitativo, utilizando-se questionários de caracterização da violência sexual que foram preenchidos pelos próprios atores sociais de acordo com as informações de cada instituição. Foram enviados questionários a 14 municípios, destes, 12 atores sociais responderam. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se Análise descritiva e software Iramuteq. A partir da análise, dentre os principais resultados, no que se refere ao fenômeno da Violência Sexual e suas características, identifica-se que a idade média das vítimas varia de 10 a 14 anos e tem, em sua grande maioria, vítimas do sexo feminino, sendo a violência intrafamiliar, extrafamiliar e exploração sexual comercial os tipos mais frequentes. A respeito do suporte organizacional e encaminhamentos, as articulações da Rede são, ainda, precárias, os próprios atores sociais não têm conhecimento acerca da espécie da demanda, quais órgãos fazem parte deste trabalho e que tipo de atuação ele exige.

Palavras-chave: Infância e Adolescência; Violência Sexual; Rede de Proteção.
Impaired Mitochondrial Mobility in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
Authors: Schiavon Cara , Manor Uri
Published: November 2020

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most commonly inherited neurological disorder, defined by progressive deterioration of the peripheral nerves. Clinical manifestations of CMT mutations are typically limited to peripheral neurons, the longest cells in the body. Currently, mutations in at least 80 different genes are associated with CMT and new mutations are regularly being discovered. A large portion of the proteins mutated in axonal CMT have documented roles in mitochondrial mobility. This suggests that trafficking defects may be a common underlying mechanism in CMT. This review will focus on the potential role of altered mitochondrial mobility in the pathogenesis of axonal CMT, highlighting the challenges and opportunities to this “impaired mobility” model of the disease.
Soliton Crystal Microcombs for Versatile, High-Speed, Scalable Optical Neural Networks
Authors: Xu Xingyuan , Tan Mengxi , Moss David
Published: November 2020

Optical artificial neural networks (ONNs) have significant potential for ultra-high computing speed and energy efficiency. We report a new approach to ONNs based on integrated Kerr micro-combs that is programmable, highly scalable and capable of reaching ultra-high speeds, demonstrating the building block of the ONN — a single neuron perceptron — by mapping synapses onto 49 wavelengths to achieve a single-unit throughput of 11.9 Giga-OPS at 8 bits per OP, or 95.2 Gbps. We test the perceptron on handwritten-digit recognition and cancer-cell detection — achieving over 90% and 85% accuracy, respectively. By scaling the perceptron to a deep learning network using off-the-shelf telecom technology we can achieve high throughput operation for matrix multiplication for real-time massive data processing.
Vivienda campesina social y permacultura en la ruralidad del paisaje cultural cafetero
Authors: Flórez-Castañeda Nicolás Esteban , López-Marín Juan Pablo , Manrique-Niño María Ximena
Published: November 2020

El siguiente artículo plantea la aproximación proyectual de la vivienda campesina social y la permacultura en la ruralidad del Paisaje Cultural Cafetero (PPC), con énfasis en Paisaje, Lugar y Territorio del semillero de investigación Arquitectura del Paisaje de la Universidad Piloto de Colombia. Este espacio de investigación concibe el enfoque sobre la vivienda desde el ámbito del diseño arquitectónico, problematiza los modos de vida del campesino contemporáneo y los aportes o cambios que la vivienda tradicional cafetera demanda. El objetivo general de la investigación propone diseñar modelos de vivienda campesina social en el marco de la permacultura, los cuales se adapten a los modos de vida del campesino contemporáneo y a las condiciones actuales del PCC. La metodología sistémica de valoración del Paisaje Cultural Cafetero integra el conocimiento de la vivienda, entendida como el objeto arquitectónico, el hogar y el entorno productivo. La metodología del trabajo de campo compara los datos socioeconómicos, bioclimáticos y físico-espaciales de cuatro viviendas tipo de la ruralidad quindiana. El resultado es la valoración tipológica de la vivienda tradicional respecto a los criterios de permacultura, proyectando dos tipos de vivienda que varían para adaptarse a las pendientes del relieve andino y la ocupación autosuficiente del territorio.
Changes in Practitioners’ Attitudes, Perceived Training Needs and Self-Efficacy over the Implementation Process of an Evidence-Based Parenting Program
Authors: Côté Marie-Kim , Gagné Marie-Hélène
Published: November 2020

Background: Evidence-based family support programs such as the Triple P – Positive Parenting Program have the potential to enhance the well-being of children and families. However, they cannot achieve their expected outcomes if insufficient attention is paid to the implementation process. It has been demonstrated that practitioners’ attitudes towards evidence-based programs (EBPs), perceived training needs and self-efficacy for working with parents influence implementation outcomes (e.g., program acceptability, adoption, adherence and sustainability). At the same time, the experience of being involved in the implementation process of an EBP could enhance practitioners’ perceptions of the initiative. This study aimed to assess changes in practitioner’s attitudes, perceived training needs and self-efficacy over a two-year EBP implementation process, in interaction with their appraisal of their organization’s capacity to implement the EPBMethods: In the province of Quebec, Canada, Triple P was implemented and evaluated in two communities. Ninety-nine practitioners from various organizations completed questionnaires shortly before their training in Triple P and two years later. Results: Findings show that practitioners who displayed more initial skepticism regarding their organization’s capacity to implement the program reported greater improvements in attitudes over time, while practitioners who showed more optimism at baseline reported a greater decrease in their perceived training needs. Practitioners’ self-efficacy increased moderately regardless of perceived organizational capacity. Conclusions: These results are encouraging given that more positive perceptions of EBPs could foster the systematic use of these programs in communities, for the potential benefit of a greater number of families.
Use of T-SPOT.TB for the diagnosis of unconventional pleural tuberculosis is superior to ADA in high prevalence areas: A prospective analysis of 601 cases
Authors: Yang Xinting , Zhang Jing , Liang Qingtao , Pan Liping , Duan Hongfei , Yang Yang , Li Hua , Guo Chao , Sun Qi , Jia Hongyan , Du Boping , Wei Rongrong , Xing Aiying , Zhang Zongde , Chen Xiaoyou
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is the most common extrapulmonary manifestation and may have lasting effect on lung function. however conventional diagnostic tests for TPE register multiple limitations. OBJECTIVES: To investigate diagnostic efficacy of the interferon gamma release assay (IGRA: T-SPOT.TB) in TPE patients of different characteristics.METHODS: We performed a prospective, single-centre study including all suspected pleural effusion patients consecutively from June 2015 to October 2018. By using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, technical cut-offs for all enrolled participants were determined, and the utility of T-SPOT on pleural fluid (PF) was analysed. We obtained the independent risk factors using logistic regression analysis for TPE and evaluated the performance of the T-SPOT assay stratified by risk factors in comparison to ADA.RESULTS: A total of 601 individuals was consecutively recruited. The maximum spot-forming cells (SFCs) of early secretory antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) in the PF T-SPOT assay had the best diagnostic efficiency in our study, which was equal to ADA (0.885 vs 0.887, P=0.957) and superior to PB, with a sensitivity of 83.0% and a specificity of 83.1% (The cut-off value was 466 SFCs/106 mononuclear cells). Among the TPE patients with low ADA (<40 IU/L), the sensitivity and specificity of PF T-SPOT were still 87.9% and 90.5%, respectively. The utility of ADA was negatively related to increasing age, but the PF T-SPOT test had a steady performance at all ages. Age (<45 yrs; odds ratio (OR) = 5.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.59-8.78; P<0.001), gender (male; OR = 2.68, 95% CI 1.75-2.88; P<0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (<22; OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.30-2.88; P=0.001) were independently associated with the risk of TB by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Notably, when stratified by risk factor, the sensitivity of PF T-SPOT was superior to the sensitivity (76.5% vs. 23.5%, P=0.016) for ADA and had noninferior specificity (84.4% vs. 96.9%, P=0.370).CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the overall potency of the PF T-SPOT assay is equal to that of ADA for diagnosing TPE. In addition, the PF T-SPOT assay can effectively discriminate TPE patients whose ADA is lower than 40 IU/L and is extremely superior to ADA in unconventional TPE patients (age≥45 yrs, female or BMI≥22). The PF T-SPOT assay is an excellent choice to supplement ADA to diagnose TPE.
Using nontargeted LC-MS metabolomics to identify the association of biomarkers in pig feces with feed efficiency
Authors: Wu Jie , Ye Yong , Quan Jianping , Ding Rongrong , Wang Xingwang , Zhuang Zhanwei , Zhou Shenping , Geng Qian , Xu Cineng , Hong Linjun , Xu Zheng , Zheng Enqin , Cai Gengyuan , Yang Jie , Wu Zhenfang
Published: November 2020

Background: Improving feed efficiency is economically and environmentally beneficial in the pig industry. A deeper understanding of feed efficiency is essential on many levels for its highly complex nature. The aim of this project is to explore the relationship between fecal metabolites and feed efficiency-related traits, thereby identifying metabolites that may assist in the screening of the feed efficiency of pigs.Result: We performed fecal metabolomics analysis on 50 individuals selected from 225 Duroc x (Landrace x Yorkshire) (DLY) commercial pigs, 25 with an extremely high feed efficiency and 25 with an extremely low feed efficiency. A total of 6,749 and 5,644 m/z features were detected in positive and negative ionization modes by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Through weighted coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), we found that one module in each positive and negative mode was related to residual feed intake (RFI), and six and three metabolites were further identified. The nine metabolites were found to be involved in multiple metabolic pathways, including lipid metabolism (primary bile acid synthesis, linoleic acid metabolism), vitamin D, glucose metabolism, and others. In parallel, the expression patterns of seven genes involved in lipid metabolism were illuminated by real-time qPCR. Then, Lasso regression analysis was used to evaluate the importance of nine metabolites obtained by the annotation process.Conclusions: Altogether, this study can not only provide new insights for the subsequent evaluation of commercial pig feed efficiency through small molecule metabolites, but also provide a reference for the development of new feed additives.
A Comparative Transcriptome and Proteomics Study of Postpartum Ovarian Cycle Arrest in Yaks
Authors: huo shengdong , Yang Yanmei , Zhaxi Yingpai , Chen Zhou , Li Shuyuan , Zhao Yongqing , Zhang Derong , Long Ruijun
Published: November 2020

Background: Postpartum ovarian cycle arrest is the main factor affecting yak reproductive efficiency. There are few reports regarding the molecular regulatory mechanism of postnatal estrus on transcriptome and proteome in yaks. Our previous studies focused on the ovaries of yaks with postnatal ovarian cycle arrest and postnatal estrus yaks. In this study, RNA sequencing transcriptomic was combined with quantitative proteomic analyses to identify postpartum ovarian cycle-related genes and proteins.Results: Consequently 1,149 genes and 24 proteins were found to be up- or downregulated during postnatal estrus. The analysis of differentially regulated genes identified three gene or protein pairs that were synchronously upregulated and no gene or protein pairs that were synchronously downregulated, suggesting that these upregulated genes may regulate the postpartum ovarian cycle. The functional classification of these differentially expressed genes and proteins indicated their connection with oocyte meiosis, the estrogen signaling pathway, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation and the gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) signaling pathway. Conclusions: In this study, a total of six genes and two proteins involved in the oocyte meiosis, the estrogen signaling pathway, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation and the GnRH signaling pathway were identified. This is the first report of a comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of postnatal estrus on Yaks.
Source Profiling of Air Pollution and its Association with Acute Respiratory Infections in the Himalayan Bound Region of India
Authors: Wani Manzoor A. , Mishra Amit Kumar , Sharma Saloni , Mayer Ishtiaq A. , Ahmad Mukhtar
Published: November 2020

The studies related to air pollution and its association with human health over the mountainous region are of utmost importance, and are sparse especially over the Himalayan region of India. This study gives an understanding of increase in the occurrence of respiratory diseases due to the accumulation of pollutants during winter season in the Himalayan region (Kashmir valley). The linkages between various atmospheric variables and clinically validated data have been done using various datasets procured from the satellite, model reanalysis and surface observations. Monthly managed data from 2013-2017 for upper and lower respiratory tract infections is obtained from the Ministry of health, Government of India. Aerosol optical depth, air temperature, and wind speed are significantly related (p <0.001) to the incidence of acute respiratory infections with its peak during winter. Model derived particulate matters having aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) shows high contribution of black carbon, organic carbon and sulphate during winter. This is mainly due to the burning of biomass and biofuels (both indoor and outdoor) with low planetary boundary layer height, accumulating high air pollution and deteriorating air quality during winter months that affects the respiratory health of the habitants. The wind roses generated shows the passage of winds from western side of the region surrounded by Pir panjal Himalayan sub division. Concentrated weighted trajectory analysis has shown that most of the winds coming from the western side are taking southward direction before reaching the study area and may be bringing pollutants from Indo-Gangetic Plain. Our study shows that the accumulation of pollutants in the Himalayan valley is owing to the meteorological stability with significant emissions from burning of biomass and biofuels during winter season, that significantly correlated with the incidence of acute respiratory infections in the region.
Migrating Curlews on Schedule: Departure and Arrival Patterns of a Long-Distance Migrant Depend on Time Rather than on Wind Conditions
Authors: Schwemmer Philipp , Mercker Moritz , Vanselow Klaus Heinrich , Bocher Pierrick , Garthe Stefan
Published: November 2020

Background: Choosing the appropriate time to depart for spring migration is crucial to achieving a successful subsequent breeding season among migratory bird species. We expected Eurasian Curlews (Numenius arquata) to start their migration during favourable weather conditions and to adjust their flight heights to prevailing wind conditions.Methods: We equipped 23 curlews with Global Positioning System data loggers to record the spatio-temporal patterns of their departure from and arrival at their wintering site in the Wadden Sea, as well as the first part of their migration. We obtained data for 42 curlew migrations over a period of 6 years. Departure and arrival dates were related to 73 meteorological and bird-related predictors using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) to identify drivers of departure and arrival decisions.Results: Curlews migrated almost exclusively to the western part of Russia for breeding. They left the Wadden Sea mainly during the evening hours from mid- to late April and returned between the end of June and mid-July. There was no difference in departure times between the sexes, but males tended to return from their breeding sites later than females. Flight speeds of the birds increased significantly with increasing tailwind component, suggesting that they timed their migration according to favourable wind conditions. However, curlews left the Wadden Sea during various wind and weather conditions, with significant numbers leaving during headwind conditions, in contrast to the apparent wind-driven start of migration. Curlews migrated at very low altitudes during tailwind conditions, but flew significantly higher during headwind conditions, at altitudes of up to several kilometres. Departure dates varied by <4 days in individual curlews that were tagged over consecutive years. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the start of migration in a long-distance migrant mainly depends on the date and is independent of weather conditions. Given the high repeatability of the departure day among subsequent years, this clearly suggests the existence of an internal clock prompting the start of migration. Further insights into the timing of migration in immatures and closely related birds might help us to understand the genetic mechanisms triggering temporal migration patterns.
Epidemiological Factors Associated With Hbv Infection And Uptake Of Hbv Testing In South West Region Of Cameroon: What Can Be Done To Scale Up Hbv Testing In Our Setting?
Authors: Meriki Henry Dilonga , Tufon Kukwah Anthony , Tony Nyeke James , Georges Teuwafeu Denis , Kwenti Tebit Emmanuel , Bolimo Ayah Flora , Yolande Fokam Djike Puepi , Itoe Iyah Rebecca , Beltine Tsamul , Cyrille Nkouonlack , Nkuo-Akenji Theresa , Anong Damian Nota
Published: November 2020

Background: HBV infection affects millions of people globally and this can be partly attributed to its high degree of transmissibility. This study was aimed at identifying some prevailing epidemiological factors associated with HBV infection and uptake of HBV testing in South West region of Cameroon.Methods: This was a hospital-based case-control study which enrolled HBV infected participants and “healthy” controls ≥18 years old. Venous blood collected from participants was used to conduct HBV panel test. Data on demographic and behavioral risk factors as well as reasons for doing the HBV test for the first time were collected using a questionnaire. Results: A total of 424 participants were enrolled (212 “healthy” controls and 212 HBV infected cases). Male sex (odds ratio [OR]=2.08, p=0.010) , ≤ secondary education level (OR=4.83, p<0.001), low income level (OR=3.79, p<0.001), rural settlement (OR=2.17, p=0.031), history of sexually transmitted infections (STI) (OR=4.24, p<0.001) and ignorance of sex partners HBsAg status (OR=2.70, p=0.003) all had an independent and significant association with HBV infection. Top 3 reasons for doing HBsAg test were free screening (40.3%), Blood donation (15.0%) and administrative requirements (14.9%). Seven (1.7%) participants got tested for the first time after symptoms were identified by a doctor.Conclusion: Male sex, low income level, ≤ secondary education level, rural settlement, history of STI and ignorance of sex partners HBsAg status were significantly associated with HBV infection. Free screening, blood donation and administrative requirements were the most common reasons for doing HBsAg test. Uptake of HBsAg testing and early detection can be improved if more sensitization and free/opportunistic screenings are carried out. A significant drop in the cost of the test could encourage more people to get tested as well.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Emergency Calls and Trauma Emergency Calls in Hangzhou
Authors: Zhang Guohu , Wang Mingwei , Lv Shijin , Cheng Yongran , Xia Jinming , Wang Muding , Lai Dengpan
Published: November 2020

Background: This study aimed to investigate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on emergency calls and trauma emergency calls in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Method: This was a single-center retrospective study. Data on emergency calls and trauma emergency calls in Hangzhou during the COVID-19 epidemic (January 23, 2020, to March 15, 2020) were collected from the Hangzhou Emergency Center (HEC). All emergency data were compared with the data during the same period in 2019. Results: The number of emergency calls from HEC decreased by 17.1%, ambulance assignments by 29.1%, rescue personnel first-aid calls by 22.4%, and trauma emergency calls by 40.8% in 2020 compared with those during the same period in 2019. Conclusion: The numbers of emergency calls from HEC and trauma emergency calls significantly decreased during the COVID-19 epidemic in Hangzhou, highlighting serious social issues that required the attention of the medical community and the government.
Fabrication of Black In2O3 with Dense Oxygen Vacancy through Dual Functional Carbon Doping for Enhancing Photothermal CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Qi Yuhang , Jiang Jiawei , Liang Xichen , Ouyang Shuxin , Mi Wenbo , Ning Shangbo , Zhao Lei , Ye Jinhua
Published: November 2020

Photothermocatalytic CO2 reduction as the channel of the energy and environmental issues resolution has captured persistent attention in recent years. In2O3 has been prompted to be a potential photothermal catalyst in this sector on account of unique physicochemical properties. However, different from the metal-based photothermal catalyst with the nature of efficient light-to-thermal conversion and H2 dissociation, the wide-bandgap semiconductor needs to be modified to possess wide-wavelength-range absorption and the active surface. It remains a challenge to achieve the two aims simultaneously via single material modulation approach. In this study, one strategy of carbon doping can empower In2O3 with two advantageous modifications. The carbon doping can reduce the formation energy of oxygen vacancy, which induces the generation of oxygen-vacancy-riched material. The introduction of oxygen defect levels and carbon doping levels in band gap of In2O3 significantly reduces this band gap, which endows it full-spectral and intensive solar light absorption. Therefore, the carbon doped In2O3 achieves effective light-to-thermal conversion and delivers a 123.6 mmol g− 1 h− 1 of CO generation rate with near-unity selectivity, as well as prominent stability in photothermocatalytic CO2 reduction.