bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Numerical Model to Estimate the Effects of Variable Sedimentation Rates on Methane Hydrate Formation—Application to the ODP Site 997 on Blake Ridge, Southeastern North American Continental Margin
Authors: Zheng Zihan , Cao Yuncheng , Xu Wenyue , Chen Duofu
Published: May 2020

Sedimentation and burial rate can vary considerably at continental slopes, due to constantly changing tectonic processes on the geological timescale. This variation may affect the transport of methane in sediment, as manifested in the change of pore water flux, methanogenesis, methane diffusion and hydrate removal from hydrate stability zone (HSZ) and further affect the accumulation of hydrate in submarine sediments. Most of previous models assumed a constant sedimentation rate and thus may result in inaccurate estimates of total amount of hydrate within the HSZ. In this study, we developed a hydrate accumulation model that is capable of handling multiple sedimentation stages. Site 997 of ODP Leg 164, with data indicating its recent history of four sedimentation stages of different rates, is chosen to investigate the significance of sedimentation rate variation experienced at this location. We examined the effect of varying sedimentation rates on hydrate accumulation by taking in consideration sediment compaction, in situ methanogenesis, and composition and component transport processes. Simulation results suggest that the history of hydrate accumulation at Site 997 is characterized by a sequence of increase, decrease, and then increase till the present day. At present, the hydrate deposit has accumulated to 8.30 × 104 mol/m2, and the average hydrate saturation near the base of the HSZ is 6.3%, which is in general agreement with published estimates in the literature. The accumulation of hydrate at Site 997 was significantly affected by variable sedimentation rates, and nearly one half of the hydrate deposit was accumulated during the last 2.5 Myr.
Comparison of the Atmospheric and Oceanic Boundary Layers During Convection and their Latitudinal Dependence
Authors: Choi Yeonju , Noh Yign
Published: May 2020

The boundary layers of the atmosphere and the ocean are compared during convection, and their latitudinal dependence is investigated. The results are applied to examine the parameterization of the boundary layer depth in the K‐profile parameterization (KPP) model. The bulk Richardson number Rib varies excessively with time in the high‐latitude (HL) oceanic boundary layer (OBL) without unresolved shear
, as a result of inertial oscillation. Inclusion of
is also necessary in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) to mitigate the large variation of Rib with wind stress. Stratification and velocity shear near the boundary layer height/depth are stronger and thicker at low latitudes (LLs), where the Ekman length scale is larger and the inertial time scale is longer. This enhanced shear makes the entrainment buoyancy flux larger at LL. Analysis of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget in the entrainment zone is carried out to explain the variation of Rib depending on the boundary layer and the latitude. This analysis shows that the TKE production in the entrainment zone is dominated by shear production at LL, but by the TKE flux at HL, and that
represents the contribution from the TKE flux to the entrainment zone. The enhancement of vertical TKE by Langmuir circulation (LC) does not depend on the latitude, but it decreases with depth faster at LL. The result suggests that the parameterization of the boundary layer depth in the KPP model should be different depending on whether it is the ABL or the OBL and depending on the latitude.
FIO‐ESM Version 2.0: Model Description and Evaluation
Authors: Bao Ying , Song Zhenya , Qiao Fangli
Published: May 2020

The First Institute of Oceanography Earth System Model (FIO‐ESM) version 2.0 was developed and participated in the Climate Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6). In comparison with FIO‐ESM v1.0, all component models of FIO‐ESM v2.0 are updated, and their resolutions are fined. In addition to the non‐breaking surface wave‐induced mixing (Bv), which has also been included in FIO‐ESM v1.0, there are three more distinctive physical processes in FIO‐ESM v2.0, including the effect of surface wave Stokes drifts on air–sea momentum and heat fluxes, the effect of wave‐induced sea spray on air–sea heat fluxes and the effect of sea surface temperature (SST) diurnal cycle on air–sea heat and gas fluxes. The FIO‐ESM v2.0 has conducted the CMIP6 Diagnostic, Evaluation, and Characterization of Klima (DECK) and historical experiments. The historical simulation of FIO‐ESM v2.0 for 1850–2014 is evaluated, including the surface air temperature (SAT), precipitation, SST, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and so forth. The climate changes with respect to SAT and SST global warming and decreasing AMOC are well reproduced by FIO‐ESM v2.0. The correlation coefficient of the global annual mean SAT anomaly can reach 0.92 with observations. In particular, the large warm SST bias at the east coast of tropical Pacific from FIO‐ESM v1.0, which is a common challenge for all climate models, is dramatically reduced in FIO‐ESM v2.0 and the ENSO period within the range of 2–7 years is well reproduced with the largest variation of SST anomalies occurring in boreal winter, which is consistent with observations.
Bathymetry‐Constrained Navigation of Argo Floats Under Sea Ice on the Antarctic Continental Shelf
Authors: Wallace L. O. , van Wijk E. M. , Rintoul S. R. , Hally B.
Published: May 2020

Antarctic continental shelf waters are poorly sampled, particularly beneath sea ice during winter. Profiling floats could help fill this gap, but floats are unable to surface to obtain a satellite position when ice is present. We deployed Argo profiling floats in a coastal polynya with a novel mission to rest on the sea floor between profiles. “Parking” on the seabed minimized the drift of the floats and allowed year‐round, full‐depth measurements over multiple winters. Measurements of water depth derived from the floats were used in combination with known bathymetry to constrain the position of profiles collected under ice. Errors were quantified by withholding known positions and comparing them to estimated positions; the bathymetrically constrained algorithm outperformed linear interpolation. A similar approach could potentially be used to geolocate other under‐ice oceanographic platforms that measure water depth.
Concurrent or layered treatment with radium-223 and enzalutamide or abiraterone/prednisone: real-world clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Shore Neal , Higano Celestia S. , George Daniel J. , Sternberg Cora N. , Saad Fred , Tombal Bertrand , Miller Kurt , Kalinovsky Jan , Jiao XiaoLong , Tangirala Krishna , Sartor Oliver
Published: May 2020

Background

In this study, we evaluated real-world data on radium-223 plus abiraterone/prednisone or enzalutamide. Previously, the ERA 223 trial (NCT02043678) demonstrated increased fracture risk with concurrent treatment with radium-223 and abiraterone plus prednisone/prednisolone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Methods

We used the Flatiron Health database to perform a retrospective study of patients with mCRPC treated with radium-223. Treatment with radium-223 plus abiraterone/prednisone or enzalutamide was defined as concurrent if both drugs started within 30 days of one another, or layered when the second drug started ≥30 days after the first. The index date was defined as the day of the first radium-223 dose. Outcome measures included symptomatic skeletal events (SSEs), overall survival (OS), and patterns of treatments received.

Results

Of the 625 patients treated with radium-223, 22% received it together with abiraterone/prednisone and 27% with enzalutamide. When these agents were combined, they were often initiated in a layered fashion (73% layered, 23% concurrent). Prior or concomitant bone health agents (BHAs) were received by 67% and 55% of patients, respectively. Median follow-up was 9 months. Overall, incidence rates for SSEs and pathologic fractures were 0.35 and 0.11 patients per person-year, respectively. Median OS from mCRPC diagnosis was 28.1 months.

Conclusions

In this real-world setting, combination treatments with radium-223 and abiraterone/prednisone or enzalutamide were common. These agents were more commonly given in a layered than a concurrent fashion. Incidence rates for SSEs were reduced when BHAs were used; however, BHAs were underutilized.
Target-responsive vasoactive probes for ultrasensitive molecular imaging
Authors: Ohlendorf Robert , Wiśniowska Agata , Desai Mitul , Barandov Ali , Slusarczyk Adrian L. , Li Nan , Jasanoff Alan
Published: May 2020

The ability to monitor molecules volumetrically throughout the body could provide valuable biomarkers for studies of healthy function and disease, but noninvasive detection of molecular targets in living subjects often suffers from poor sensitivity or selectivity. Here we describe a family of potent imaging probes that can be activated by molecules of interest in deep tissue, providing a basis for mapping nanomolar-scale analytes without the radiation or heavy metal content associated with traditional molecular imaging agents. The probes are reversibly caged vasodilators that induce responses detectable by hemodynamic imaging; they are constructed by combining vasoactive peptides with synthetic chemical appendages and protein blocking domains. We use this architecture to create ultrasensitive biotin-responsive imaging agents, which we apply for wide-field mapping of targets in rat brains using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We also adapt the sensor design for detecting the neurotransmitter dopamine, illustrating versatility of this approach for addressing biologically important molecules.
Molecular determinants underlying functional innovations of TBP and their impact on transcription initiation
Authors: Ravarani Charles N. J. , Flock Tilman , Chavali Sreenivas , Anandapadamanaban Madhanagopal , Babu M. Madan , Balaji Santhanam
Published: May 2020

TATA-box binding protein (TBP) is required for every single transcription event in archaea and eukaryotes. It binds DNA and harbors two repeats with an internal structural symmetry that show sequence asymmetry. At various times in evolution, TBP has acquired multiple interaction partners and different organisms have evolved TBP paralogs with additional protein regions. Together, these observations raise questions of what molecular determinants (i.e. key residues) led to the ability of TBP to acquire new interactions, resulting in an increasingly complex transcriptional system in eukaryotes. We present a comprehensive study of the evolutionary history of TBP and its interaction partners across all domains of life, including viruses. Our analysis reveals the molecular determinants and suggests a unified and multi-stage evolutionary model for the functional innovations of TBP. These findings highlight how concerted chemical changes on a conserved structural scaffold allow for the emergence of complexity in a fundamental biological process.
Anti-PDHA1 antibody is detected in a subset of patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Nakagami Yukako , Sugihara Genichi , Nakashima Noriyuki , Hazama Masaaki , Son Shuraku , Ma Shuhe , Matsumoto Riki , Murai Toshiya , Ikeda Akio , Murakami Kosaku
Published: May 2020

Autoantibodies have been implicated in schizophrenia aetiology. Here, novel autoantibodies were isolated from patients with schizophrenia. Autoantibody candidates were searched using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and western blotting with rat brain proteins as antigens and two sera pools (25 schizophrenia patients versus 25 controls) as antibodies. Immunoreactive antigens were identified by mass spectrometry. Antibody prevalence were evaluated by western blotting using human recombinant proteins. Furthermore, brain magnetic resonance imaging data (regional brain volumes and diffusion tensor imaging measures) were compared. Two proteins of the mitochondrial respiration pathway were identified as candidate antigens. Three patients with schizophrenia, but no controls, expressed antibodies targeting one of the candidate antigens, i.e., pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial (PDHA1, EC 1.2.4.1), which is related to mitochondrial energy production. Anti-PDHA1 antibody-positive patients (n = 3) had increased volumes in the left occipital fusiform gyrus compared to both controls (n = 23, p = 0.017) and antibody-negative patients (n = 16, p = 0.009), as well as in the left cuneus compared to antibody-negative patients (n = 16, p = 0.018). This is the first report of an anti-PDHA1 antibody in patients with schizophrenia. Compatible with recent findings of mitochondrial dysfunction in schizophrenia, this antibody may be involved in the pathogenesis of a specific subgroup of schizophrenia.
Selection of optimal proxy locations for temperature field reconstructions using evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Jaume-Santero Fernando , Barriopedro David , García-Herrera Ricardo , Calvo Natalia , Salcedo-Sanz Sancho
Published: May 2020

In the Era of exponential data generation, increasing the number of paleoclimate records to improve climate field reconstructions might not always be the best strategy. By using pseudo-proxies from different model ensembles, we show how biologically-inspired artificial intelligence can be coupled with different reconstruction methods to minimize the spatial bias induced by the non-homogeneous distribution of available proxies. The results indicate that small subsets of records situated over representative locations can outperform the reconstruction skill of the full proxy network, even in more realistic pseudo-proxy experiments and observational datasets. These locations highlight the importance of high-latitude regions and major teleconnection areas to reconstruct annual global temperature fields and their responses to external forcings and internal variability. However, low frequency temperature variations such as the transition between the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age are better resolved by records situated at lower latitudes. According to our idealized experiments a careful selection of proxy locations should be performed depending on the targeted time scale of the reconstructed field.
Proteomic profiles before and during weight loss: Results from randomized trial of dietary intervention
Authors: Figarska Sylwia M. , Rigdon Joseph , Ganna Andrea , Elmståhl Sölve , Lind Lars , Gardner Christopher D. , Ingelsson Erik
Published: May 2020

Inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers have been associated with obesity, but little is known about how they change upon dietary intervention and concomitant weight loss. Further, protein biomarkers might be useful for predicting weight loss in overweight and obese individuals. We performed secondary analyses in the Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DIETFITS) randomized intervention trial that included healthy 609 adults (18–50 years old) with BMI 28–40 kg/m2, to evaluate associations between circulating protein biomarkers and BMI at baseline, during a weight loss diet intervention, and to assess predictive potential of baseline blood proteins on weight loss. We analyzed 263 plasma proteins at baseline and 6 months into the intervention using the Olink Proteomics CVD II, CVD III and Inflammation arrays. BMI was assessed at baseline, after 3 and 6 months of dietary intervention. At baseline, 102 of the examined inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers were associated with BMI (>90% with successful replication in 1,584 overweight/obese individuals from a community-based cohort study) and 130 tracked with weight loss shedding light into the pathophysiology of obesity. However, out of 263 proteins analyzed at baseline, only fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) predicted weight loss, and none helped individualize dietary assignment.
CNN-Peaks: ChIP-Seq peak detection pipeline using convolutional neural networks that imitate human visual inspection
Authors: Oh Dongpin , Strattan J. Seth , Hur Junho K. , Bento José , Urban Alexander Eckehart , Song Giltae , Cherry J. Michael
Published: May 2020

ChIP-seq is one of the core experimental resources available to understand genome-wide epigenetic interactions and identify the functional elements associated with diseases. The analysis of ChIP-seq data is important but poses a difficult computational challenge, due to the presence of irregular noise and bias on various levels. Although many peak-calling methods have been developed, the current computational tools still require, in some cases, human manual inspection using data visualization. However, the huge volumes of ChIP-seq data make it almost impossible for human researchers to manually uncover all the peaks. Recently developed convolutional neural networks (CNN), which are capable of achieving human-like classification accuracy, can be applied to this challenging problem. In this study, we design a novel supervised learning approach for identifying ChIP-seq peaks using CNNs, and integrate it into a software pipeline called CNN-Peaks. We use data labeled by human researchers who annotate the presence or absence of peaks in some genomic segments, as training data for our model. The trained model is then applied to predict peaks in previously unseen genomic segments from multiple ChIP-seq datasets including benchmark datasets commonly used for validation of peak calling methods. We observe a performance superior to that of previous methods.
Oxytocin and bone quality in the femoral neck of rats in periestropause
Authors: Fernandes Fernanda , Stringhetta-Garcia Camila Tami , Peres-Ueno Melise Jacon , Fernandes Fabiana , Nicola Angela Cristina de , Castoldi Robson Chacon , Ozaki Guilherme , Louzada Mário Jefferson Quirino , Chaves-Neto Antonio Hernandes , Ervolino Edilson , Dornelles Rita Cássia Menegati
Published: May 2020

The objective of this study is to identify whether oxytocin (OT) contributes to the reduction of osteopenia in the femoral neck of rats in periestropause. Animals in irregular estrous cycles received two NaCl injections (0.15 mol/L) or OT (134 μg/kg) over a 12-h interval, and after thirty-five days without treatments, the biological sample collection was performed. The oxytocin group (Ot) demonstrated the highest enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.0138), lowest enzymatic activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (p = 0.0045), higher percentage of compact bone (p = 0.0359), cortical expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (p = 0.0101), osterix (p = 0.0101), bone morphogenetic protein-2/4 (p = 0.0101) and periostin (p = 0.0455). Furthermore, the mineral-to-matrix ratio (ν1PO4/Proline) was higher and type-B carbonate substitution (CO3/ν1PO4) was lower (p = 0.0008 and 0.0303) in Ot group. The Ot showed higher areal bone mineral density (p = 0.0050), cortical bone area (p = 0.0416), polar moment of inertia, maximum, minimum (p = 0.0480, 0.0480, 0.0035), bone volume fraction (p = 0.0166), connectivity density (p < 0.0001), maximal load (p = 0.0003) and bone stiffness (p = 0.0145). In Ot percentage of cortical pores (p = 0.0102) and trabecular number (p = 0.0088) was lower. The results evidence action of OT in the reduction of osteopenia, suggesting that it is a promising anabolic strategy for the prevention of primary osteoporosis during the periestropause period.
Effect of statin therapy on plasma C-type Natriuretic Peptides and Endothelin-1 in males with and without symptomatic coronary artery disease
Authors: Prickett Timothy C. R. , Troughton Richard W. , Espiner Eric A.
Published: May 2020

C-type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) and Endothelin-1 (ET-1) have reciprocal roles in maintaining vascular homeostasis and are acutely modulated by statins in human cultured endothelial cells. Whether these actions of statins in vitro are reflected in studies in vivo is unknown. In a prospective study of 66 subjects with or without post- acute coronary syndrome (ACS), plasma concentrations of bioactive CNP and bio-inactive aminoterminal proCNP (NTproCNP), ET-1, B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and high sensitivity C Reactive Protein (hsCRP) were measured together with lipids before and at intervals of 1, 2 and 7 days after commencing atorvastatin 40 mg/day - and for a further period of 6months in those with ACS. Plasma lipids fell significantly in all subjects but plasma CNP, NTproCNP and ET-1 were unchanged by atorvastatin. In ACS, baseline hsCRP, BNP and CNP but not NTproCNP or ET-1 were significantly raised compared to values in age-matched controls. The ratio of NTproCNP to CNP was significantly lower in ACS throughout the study and was unaffected by statin therapy. We conclude that conventional doses of atorvastatin do not affect plasma CNP products or ET-1. Elevated CNP after cardiac injury likely results from regulated changes in clearance, not enhanced production.
External Cesium-137 doses to humans from soil influenced by the Fukushima and Chernobyl nuclear power plants accidents: a comparative study
Authors: Wai Ka-Ming , Krstic Dragana , Nikezic Dragoslav , Lin Tang-Huang , Yu Peter K. N.
Published: May 2020

External exposure to gamma-photon irradiation from soil contamination due to nuclear power plant (NPP) accidents has significant contribution to human radiation exposure in the proximity of the NPP. Detailed absorbed doses in human organs are rarely reported in the literature. We applied the Monte Carlo Neutron Particle (MCNP) transport code to calculate and compare the absorbed doses in different human organs. The absorbed doses by gamma-photon radiation were from cesium-137 (137Cs) in soil contaminated by the two major NPP accidents. More serious and wide-spread impacts of the Chernobyl NPP accident on soil contamination in Ukraine, Belarus, Russia and countries as far as Sweden and Greece were due to the inland location, radiative plume transport pathway and high 137Cs emission strength (9 times the Fukushima emission). Based on our MCNP calculations, the largest absorbed dose was found in skin. The maximum calculated external 137Cs annual effective dose received from the Chernobyl accident was 10 times higher relative to the Fukushima accident. Our calculated effective doses at various influenced areas were comparable to those available in the literature. The calculated annual effective doses at areas near the Fukushima and Chernobyl NPPs exceeded the ICRP recommendation of 1 mSv yr−1.
Tracing the composition of single e-cigarette aerosol droplets in situ by laser-trapping and Raman scattering
Authors: David Grégory , Parmentier Evelyne A. , Taurino Irene , Signorell Ruth
Published: May 2020

The partitioning of components between droplets and the gas phase in e-cigarette aerosols has a significant impact on deposition within the respiratory tract. However, exclusive detection of droplet composition has, so far, been elusive. Consequently, the dynamics of partitioning between droplets and the gas phase remains unknown. Here, we combine optical trapping of single droplets with in situ Raman scattering for destruction-free monitoring of e-cigarette droplet composition with a time resolution of seconds. We find that the initial droplet composition is very close to the composition of the e-liquid. Upon dilution with air, the droplet composition changes exponentially on a time scale of seconds, mainly because of evaporation of propylene glycol. The nicotine content in the droplet is controlled by the pH. Nicotine evaporates from the droplets under basic conditions, but remains in the liquid under acidic conditions. These results are crucial for advancing e-liquid research and manufacturing.
The role of natural products in revealing NRF2 function
Authors: Zhang Donna D. , Chapman Eli
Published: May 2020

NRF2 is a transcription factor that is activated by many natural products for chemoprevention, but aberrant NRF2 activation can lead to disease and natural products have been used to inhibit the NRF2 pathway.
Applications of inorganic nanoparticles in the diagnosis and therapy of atherosclerosis
Authors: Dai Ting , He Wenming , Yao Chenyang , Ma Xuehua , Ren Wenzhi , Mai Yifeng , Wu Aiguo
Published: May 2020

This review focuses on recent advances in inorganic nanoparticles based dual-model imaging and therapeutic approaches for anti-atherosclerosis, including clinical trials.
Visible-light driven synthesis of polycyclic benzo[d][1,3]oxazocine from 2-aminochalcone
Authors: Gao Yu-Qi , Hou Yi , Zhu Liming , Chen Junhan , Li Ruoxin , Zhang Sheng-Yong , He Yu-Peng , Xie Weiqing
Published: May 2020

Herein, we report a tandem cycloisomerization/nucleophilic addition/cyclization of 2-amino chalcone with bifunctional nucleophiles driven by visible light.
High-throughput on demand access of single enantiomers by a continuous flow crystallization process
Authors: Cameli Fabio , Xiouras Christos , Stefanidis Georgios D.
Published: May 2020

A novel continuous flow reactive crystallization process for the in situ on-demand access of single enantiomer crystals is reported and exemplified for a chiral pharmaceutical intermediate that crystallizes as a racemic conglomerate.
Seeded growth of ZnO nanowires in dye-containing solution: the submerged plant analogy and its application in photodegradation of dye pollutants
Authors: Wang Houjun , Cai Yun , Wang Chaoyue , Xu Hao , Fang Jun , Yang Yang
Published: May 2020

Joint effects of dye capping and light irradiation on seeded solution growth of ZnO nanowires are demonstrated.
Correction: Anisotropy of the vorticity tensor as a magnetic indicator of aromaticity
Authors: Pelloni S. , Lazzeretti P.
Published: May 2020

Correction for ‘Anisotropy of the vorticity tensor as a magnetic indicator of aromaticity’ by S. Pelloni et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2020, 22, 1299–1305, DOI: 10.1039/C9CP05563K.
In situsynthesis of ultrafine metallic MoO2/carbon nitride nanosheets for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation: a prominent cocatalytic effect
Authors: Liu Xiao-He , Yin Yun-Xiao , Du Fan , Bai Ji-Rui , Luo Bing , Cheng Cheng , Chen Qing-Yun , He Chi
Published: May 2020

A facile strategy for fabricating ultrafine MoO2cocatalyst particlesin situself-assembled on CN nanosheets to efficiently promote photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by a one-step solvothermal approach.
Rational screening of single-atom-doped ZnO catalysts for propane dehydrogenation from microkinetic analysis
Authors: Ma Fang , Chang Qing-Yu , Yin Qiang , Sui Zhi-Jun , Zhou Xing-Gui , Chen De , Zhu Yi-An
Published: May 2020

Descriptor-based microkinetic analysis is performed to screen single-atom-doped ZnO for PDH, and Mn1- and Cu1–ZnO prove to be good candidates.
Stabilization of a mixed iron vanadium based hexagonal tungsten bronze hydroxyfluoride HTB–(Fe0.55V0.45)F2.67(OH)0.33 as a positive electrode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Lemoine Kévin , Moury Romain , Lhoste Jérôme , Hémon-Ribaud Annie , Leblanc Marc , Grenèche Jean-Marc , Tarascon Jean-Marie , Maisonneuve Vincent
Published: May 2020

The first mixed iron vanadium hydroxyfluoride with a Hexagonal Tungsten Bronze (HTB) structure as positive electrode reveals a capacity of 181 mA h g−1. Unlike pure iron hydroxyfluoride the HTB network is partially maintained upon cycling.
A machine learning based intramolecular potential for a flexible organic molecule
Authors: Cole Daniel J. , Mones Letif , Csányi Gábor
Published: May 2020

Here, we employ the kernel regression machine learning technique to construct an analytical potential that reproduces the quantum mechanical potential energy surface of a small, flexible, drug-like molecule, 3-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-amine.
Catalytic deoxygenation of bio-based 3-hydroxydecanoic acid to secondary alcohols and alkanes
Authors: Mensah Joel B. , Hergesell Adrian H. , Brosch Sebastian , Golchert Christiane , Artz Jens , Palkovits Regina
Published: May 2020

A new bio-based value chain for microbially accessible hydroxy fatty acids – production of secondary alcohols and alkanes over supported Ru catalyst.
Introducing the reversible chemistry of CO2with diols mediated by organic superbases into polycarbonate synthesis
Authors: Chai Yang , Chen Qin , Huang Caijuan , Zheng Qiang , North Michael , Xie Haibo
Published: May 2020

The reversible reaction of CO2with alcohols mediated by organic superbases was firstly developed to be a toolbox for capturing CO2into polymerizable carbonate monomers applicable for thiol–ene click and ADMET polymerization to produce new libraries of polycarbonates.
Rapid determination of lead isotopes in water by coupling DGT passive samplers and MC-ICP-MS laser ablation
Authors: Desaulty Anne-Marie , Lach Philippe , Perret Sébastien
Published: May 2020

We have developed a method for measuring Pb-isotope compositions in natural water, based on coupling a commercially available chelex-100 DGT passive sampler with direct laser-ablation MC-ICP-MS on DGT resin.
Effect of 4-biphenyl groups on the charge transport and photovoltaic properties of arylamine based push–pull systems
Authors: Marqués Pablo Simón , Andrés Castán José María , Josse Pierre , Blais Martin , Habibi Amir Hossein , Ramirez Ivan , Walzer Karsten , Roncali Jean , Blanchard Philippe , Cabanetos Clément
Published: May 2020

The synthesis of two N,N-bis(4-biphenylyl)aniline (BPA) based push–pull is reported herein. Evaluation as donor materials in all-small-molecule planar-heterojunction organic solar cells lead to impressive fill factor (>73%) and promising power conversion efficiencies.
Nanoscale plasmon–exciton interaction: the role of radiation damping and mode-volume in determining coupling strength
Authors: Kumar Manish , Dey Jyotirban , Verma Mrigank Singh , Chandra Manabendra
Published: May 2020

Single particle spectroscopy unravels the exact role of one specific plasmon dephasing channel, radiation damping, in controlling plasmon–exciton coupling in Au nanorod-J-aggregate hybrids.
A targeted neurotransmitter quantification and nontargeted metabolic profiling method for pharmacometabolomics analysis of olanzapine by using UPLC-HRMS
Authors: Liu Dan , An Zhuoling , Li Pengfei , Chen Yanhua , Zhang Ruiping , Liu Lihong , He Jiuming , Abliz Zeper
Published: May 2020

We developed a method that would provide novel insights for revealing the pharmacodynamic effect and mechanism of antipsychotic drugs (olanzapine).
Flotation separation of specularite from chlorite using propyl gallate as a collector
Authors: Gao Xiangpeng , Zhao Fugang , Li Mingyang , Hu Yiming
Published: May 2020

Separation of specularite from iron-containing silicate iron ore is challenging due to the similar surface properties of minerals and gangues.
A self-immobilizing near-infrared fluorogenic probe for sensitive imaging of extracellular enzyme activity in vivo
Authors: Li Yuyao , Song Heng , Xue Chenghong , Fang Zhijun , Xiong Liqin , Xie Hexin
Published: May 2020

A novel self-immobilizing and near-infrared fluorogenic probe has been reported to visualize extracellular enzyme activity in living mouse.
Metaelectric multiphase transitions in a highly polarizable molecular crystal
Authors: Horiuchi Sachio , Ishibashi Shoji , Haruki Rie , Kumai Reiji , Inada Satoshi , Aoyagi Shigenobu
Published: May 2020

An applied electric field and/or temperature changes can interconvert the low- and high-dipole states of molecules in a metaelectric organic crystal.
Azine-based polymers with a two-electron redox process as cathode materials for organic batteries
Authors: Acker Pascal , Speer Martin E. , Wössner Jan S. , Esser Birgit
Published: May 2020

Azine-based polymers as cathode-active materials with a two-electron redox process show a high specific capacity of up to 133 mA h g−1 in Li–organic batteries at potentials of 2.9 and 3.3 V vs. Li/Li+ paired with a high rate performance up to 100C.
Electrical control of the valley degree of freedom in 2D ferroelectric/antiferromagnetic heterostructures
Authors: Hu He , Tong Wen-Yi , Shen Yu-Hao , Duan Chun-Gang
Published: May 2020

The non-volatile electrical control of the valley degree is predicted in the CuInP2S6/MnPS3 heterostructures.
Screening for deafness-associated mitochondrial 12S rRNA mutations by using a multiplex allele-specific PCR method
Authors: Ding Yu , Lang Jianyong , Zhang Junkun , Xu Jianfeng , Lin Xiaojiang , Lou Xiangyu , Zheng Hui , Huai Lei
Published: May 2020

Mitochondrial 12S rRNA A1555G and C1494T mutations are the major contributors to hearing loss. As patients with these mutations are sensitive to aminoglycosides, mutational screening for 12S rRNA is therefore recommended before the use of aminoglycosides. Most recently, we developed a novel multiplex allele-specific PCR (MAS-PCR) that can be used for detecting A1555G and C1494T mutations. In the present study, we employed this MAS-PCR to screen the 12S rRNA mutations in 500 deaf patients and 300 controls from 5 community hospitals. After PCR and electrophoresis, two patients with A1555G and one patient with C1494T were identified, this was consistent with Sanger sequence results. We further traced the origin of three Chinese pedigrees. Clinical evaluation revealed variable phenotypes of hearing loss including severity, age at onset and audiometric configuration in these patients. Sequence analysis of the mitochondrial genomes from matrilineal relatives suggested the presence of three evolutionarily conserved mutations: tRNACys T5802C, tRNALys A8343G and tRNAThr G15930A, which may result the failure in tRNAs metabolism and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction that was responsible for deafness. However, the lack of any functional variants in GJB2, GJB3, GJB6 and TRMU suggested that nuclear genes may not play active roles in deafness expression. Hence, aminoglycosides and mitochondrial genetic background may contribute to the clinical expression of A1555G/C1494T-induced deafness. Our data indicated that the MAS-PCR was a fast, convenience method for screening the 12S rRNA mutations, which was useful for early detection and prevention of mitochondrial deafness.
Sensory Inhibition Is Related to Variable Speech Perception in Noise in Adults With Normal Hearing
Authors: Campbell Julia , Nielsen Mashhood , LaBrec Alison , Bean Connor
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Speech perception in noise (SPiN) varies widely in individuals with normal hearing, which may be attributed to factors that are not reflected in the audiogram, such as inhibition. However, inhibition is involved at both sensory and cognitive stages of auditory perception, and while inhibition at the cognitive level has been shown to be a significant factor in SPiN processes, it is unknown whether sensory inhibition may also contribute to SPiN variability. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate sensory inhibition in adults with normal hearing and mild SPiN impairment.

Method

Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) were recorded in 49 adults via high-density electroencephalography using an auditory gating paradigm. Participants were categorized according to a median signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss of 1.5 dB: typical SNR loss ≤ 1.5 dB (
n
= 32), mild SNR loss > 1.5 dB (
n
= 17). CAEP gating responses were compared and correlated with SNR loss and extended high-frequency thresholds. Current density reconstructions were performed to qualitatively observe underlying cortical inhibitory networks in each group.

Results

In comparison to adults with typical SPiN ability, adults with mild SPiN impairment showed an absence of the gating response. A CAEP gating component (P2) reflected decreased sensory inhibition and correlated with increased SNR loss. Extended high-frequency thresholds were also found to correlate with SNR loss, but not gating function. An atypical cortical inhibitory network was observed in the mild SNR loss group, with reduced frontal and absent prefrontal activation.

Conclusion

Sensory inhibition appears to be atypical and related to SPiN deficits in adults with mild impairment. In addition, cortical inhibitory networks appear to be incomplete, with a possible compensatory parietal network. Further research is needed to delineate between types or levels of central inhibitory mechanisms and their contribution to SPiN processes.
Assessing Speech Sound Disorders in School-Age Children From Diverse Language Backgrounds: A Tutorial With Three Case Studies
Authors: Jasso Javier , Potratz Jill R.
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Assessing speech sound disorders (SSDs) in children from multilingual backgrounds requires synthesis of language- and dialect-specific information to arrive at a more accurate diagnosis. We present three case studies of school-age children with unique linguistic profiles to aid speech-language pathologists in assessing this diverse population. Our aim is to offer feasible strategies for speech-language pathologists who do not speak the student's language(s).

Method

Three multilingual school-age children with suspected SSD were assessed as part of an initial evaluation at a suburban school district. Children spoke Vietnamese–English, Japanese–Polish–English, and Tamil–English. Students' languages were considered in the entire assessment process (i.e., interview, test selection, data analysis, and clinical decision making), and appropriate measures and resources were chosen to understand word-level and spontaneous articulation, phonological awareness, and language skills. A contrastive analysis was used to determine the presence of an SSD.

Conclusions

Although all students presented with patterns attributable to transfer processes (e.g., nonmainstream vowel productions) and/or dialectal differences, only one of the three students presented with an SSD. Together, these cases underscore the importance of a comprehensive assessment for multilingual children.
Beyond top‐N accuracy indicator: a comprehensive evaluation indicator of CNN models in image classification
Authors: Liu Yuntao , Dou Yong , Qiao Peng
Published: May 2020

Nowadays, a large number of deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models are applied to image classification tasks. However, the authors find that the most widely used evaluation indicator, the Top‐N Accuracy indicator, cannot discriminate these models effectively. In this study, they propose a new indicator called Maximum‐Spanning‐Confusion‐Tree indicator to solve this problem. The Maximum‐Spanning‐Confusion‐Tree indicator is computed based on the hierarchical structure of the Maximum Spanning Confusion Tree of the deep CNN model on the dataset and reflect the ability of deep CNN models to discriminate confused categories in the dataset. The hierarchical structure of the Maximum Spanning Confusion Tree can reveal the confused category set of one selected category in the dataset efficiently and flexibly. Experiments show that they can discriminate ten different deep CNN models more accurately with the Maximum Spanning Confusion Tree indicator than the Top‐N Accuracy indicator and the Maximum Spanning Confusion Tree intuitively shows the distribution of confused category sets in the dataset so they can find out the weakness of deep CNN models effectively.
Learning across views for stereo image completion
Authors: Ma Wei , Zheng Mana , Ma Wenguang , Xu Shibiao , Zhang Xiaopeng
Published: May 2020

Stereo image completion (SIC) is to fill holes existing in a pair of stereo images. SIC is more complicated than single image repairing, which needs to complete the pair of images while keeping their stereoscopic consistency. In recent years, deep learning has been introduced into single image repairing but seldom used for SIC. The authors present a novel deep learning‐based approach for SIC. In their method, an X‐shaped fully convolutional network (called SICNet) is proposed and designed to complete stereo images, which is composed of two branches of convolutional neural network layers to encode the context of the left and right images separately, a fusion module for stereo‐interactive completion, and two branches of decoders to produce completed left and right images, respectively. In consideration of both inter‐view and intra‐view cues, they introduce auxiliary networks and define comprehensive losses to train SICNet to perform single‐view coherent and cross‐view consistent completion simultaneously. Extensive experiments are conducted to show the state‐of‐the‐art performances of the proposed approach and its key components.
Drone swarm patrolling with uneven coverage requirements
Authors: Piciarelli Claudio , Foresti Gian Luca
Published: May 2020

Swarms of drones are being more and more used in many practical scenarios, such as surveillance, environmental monitoring, search and rescue in hardly‐accessible areas and so on. While a single drone can be guided by a human operator, the deployment of a swarm of multiple drones requires proper algorithms for automatic task‐oriented control. In this study, the authors focus on visual coverage optimisation with drone‐mounted camera sensors. In particular, they consider the specific case in which the coverage requirements are uneven, meaning that different parts of the environment have different coverage priorities. They model these coverage requirements with relevance maps and propose a deep reinforcement learning algorithm to guide the swarm. This study first defines a proper learning model for a single drone, and then extends it to the case of multiple drones both with greedy and cooperative strategies. Experimental results show the performance of the proposed method, also compared with a standard patrolling algorithm.
Research on 3D printing service model for innovation, entrepreneurship, and universal applications
Authors: Xu Xiaowei , Wu Jilong , Tao Ye , Wang Xiaodong , Liu Wei
Published: May 2020

In recent years, the attention of 3D printing technology has been increasing. With the development of the Internet, domestic 3D printing cloud platform services have begun to emerge. The emergence of 3D printing service platform solves the problems of equipment dispersion and talent shortage in the 3D printing industry as much as possible, and further promotes the promotion and development of 3D printing in China. Through the analysis of the existing 3D printing service platform in China and the innovation of Maker, the authors propose a 3D printing service model supporting innovation, entrepreneurship and popular applications. To design a 3D printing service platform with product customisation application, creative trading, printing services, and other functions, Spring MVC and Three.js technologies are used. After the later testing, the platform can complete the corresponding printing tasks according to user requirements.
Research on wire rope wear detection based on computer vision
Authors: Shi Hengliang , Zheng Lintao , Sun Shibao , Zhang Lei , Wang Lei
Published: May 2020

In lifting equipment, the quality of wire rope is directly related to production safety. In this study, infrared image of wire rope is captured by industrial camera, and the background modelling method based on location binary pattern is proposed to extract foreground of moving wire rope. Then the outline of wire rope is extracted by Canny edge detection, and the diameter of wire rope is corrected by one‐dimensional measuring method and direction fitting. Experiments show that this method can accurately extract the moving wire rope and can detect the diameter of the wire rope and locate abrasion.
Euclid: Reconstruction of weak-lensing mass maps for non-Gaussianity studies
Authors: Pires S. , Vandenbussche V. , Kansal V. , Bender R. , Blot L. , Bonino D. , Boucaud A. , Brinchmann J. , Capobianco V. , Carretero J. , Castellano M. , Cavuoti S. , Clédassou R. , Congedo G. , Conversi L. , Corcione L. , Dubath F. , Fosalba P. , Frailis M. , Franceschi E. , Fumana M. , Grupp F. , Hormuth F. , Kermiche S. , Knabenhans M. , Kohley R. , Kubik B. , Kunz M. , Ligori S. , Lilje P. B. , Lloro I. , Maiorano E. , Marggraf O. , Massey R. , Meylan G. , Padilla C. , Paltani S. , Pasian F. , Poncet M. , Potter D. , Raison F. , Rhodes J. , Roncarelli M. , Saglia R. , Schneider P. , Secroun A. , Serrano S. , Stadel J. , Tallada Crespí P. , Tereno I. , Toledo-Moreo R. , Wang Y.
Published: May 2020

Weak lensing, which is the deflection of light by matter along the line of sight, has proven to be an efficient method for constraining models of structure formation and reveal the nature of dark energy. So far, most weak-lensing studies have focused on the shear field that can be measured directly from the ellipticity of background galaxies. However, within the context of forthcoming full-sky weak-lensing surveys such asEuclid, convergence maps (mass maps) offer an important advantage over shear fields in terms of cosmological exploitation. While it carry the same information, the lensing signal is more compressed in the convergence maps than in the shear field. This simplifies otherwise computationally expensive analyses, for instance, non-Gaussianity studies. However, the inversion of the non-local shear field requires accurate control of systematic effects caused by holes in the data field, field borders, shape noise, and the fact that the shear is not a direct observable (reduced shear). We present the two mass-inversion methods that are included in the officialEucliddata-processing pipeline: the standard Kaiser & Squires method (KS), and a new mass-inversion method (KS+) that aims to reduce the information loss during the mass inversion. This new method is based on the KS method and includes corrections for mass-mapping systematic effects. The results of the KS+ method are compared to the original implementation of the KS method in its simplest form, using theEuclidFlagship mock galaxy catalogue. In particular, we estimate the quality of the reconstruction by comparing the two-point correlation functions and third- and fourth-order moments obtained from shear and convergence maps, and we analyse each systematic effect independently and simultaneously. We show that the KS+ method substantially reduces the errors on the two-point correlation function and moments compared to the KS method. In particular, we show that the errors introduced by the mass inversion on the two-point correlation of the convergence maps are reduced by a factor of about 5, while the errors on the third- and fourth-order moments are reduced by factors of about 2 and 10, respectively.
Investigation on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/Cu butt joints by CMT method in asymmetrical V-groove configuration
Authors: Li Gang , Song Jufeng , Lu Xiaofeng , Zhu Xiaolei , Xu Shengyu , Guo Yupeng
Published: May 2020

It is a challenge work for joining of Al to Cu by conventional fusion welding method. This study investigates butt joining of 6061 Al alloy to pure copper using cold metal transfer (CMT) process in asymmetrical V-groove configuration. The microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/Cu butt joints are revealed. The microstructure in the fusion zone mainly consists of α (Al) and Al2Cu phase accompanied with Si phase. The two-layer intermetallic compound (IMC) layers are exhibited at the Al/Cu interface. The first IMC layer near the copper is a thin layer in thickness of less than 5 μm. The second IMC layer is in the irregular non-linear and zigzag shape with some particles dispersed at the boundaries. XRD analysis shows that the IMCs in the joints mainly contain Al2Cu, AlCu, Al3Cu4 and Al4Cu9 phase. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the joints could reach 108 MPa. The fracture paths of the joints are along the Al/Cu interface. The pores and IMCs are main factors to determine the strength of the joints. Since the pores are at the Al/Cu interface, the UTS of the joint is lowered at low wire feed rate. The joints break along the Al/Cu interface due to the brittle IMC layer at high wire feed rate. It can be achieved Al/Cu butt joints with sufficient strength in asymmetrical V-groove configuration.