bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Walking with teachers: A study to explore the importance of teacher wellbeing and their careers
Authors: Langford Sue , Crawford Megan
Published: February 2022

Teacher turnover and retention is a global challenge. It appears that in times of teacher shortages, policymakers often focus on recruitment. Yet, it could be argued that focussing on retaining experienced teachers not only addresses teacher shortages but provides additional benefits to the teachers, their students, and the teaching profession. The aim of this interpretive case study was to investigate the views of experienced primary school teachers. Twelve teachers, who had taught in English primary schools for more than five years, participated in walking interviews. The research looked at the areas where teachers want to feel supported by the culture of the school, created by the leadership team.
Energy efficiency improvement of battery powered wheel loader with an electric-hydrostatic hybrid powertrain
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wang Feng , Cheng Min , Xu Bing
Published: February 2022

An electric-hydrostatic hybrid powertrain is proposed for the wheel loader propulsion system. The powertrain is constituted from an electric hydrostatic powertrain by adding a hydraulic accumulator as the second power source. It not only reduces energy consumption through regenerative braking, but also improves the power performance of the machine. A thermostat control strategy is developed for electric hydrostatic hybrid wheel loader and a speed-displacement compound control is developed for the electric hydrostatic wheel loader. The energy flow, losses analysis, and energy efficiency in the two powertrains are studied. The energy consumption reduction of the electric hydrostatic hybrid powertrain over the electric hydrostatic powertrain is identified in the wheel loader loading cycle. Results show the hydraulic accumulator in the hybrid powertrain increases the hydrostatic transmission efficiency and overall system efficiency. The energy efficiency in the electric hydrostatic powertrain is 45.64% and 51.66% in the electric hydrostatic hybrid powertrain. The total battery energy consumption is 14.20 kWh in the EH wheel loader and 12.48 kWh in the EH-hybrid wheel loader (50 cycles). The total energy consumption saving by using hybrid powertrain is 12.11%.
« Accuser le brouillard » Les territoires de l’invisible et de l’inaudible ou l’esthétique décoloniale au Québec (Rebecca Belmore et Naomi Fontaine)
Authors: Bolte Rike
Published: February 2022

Partant d’un concept qui a émergé dans le contexte latino-américain, l’esthétique décoloniale, cet article vise à étudier le terrain d’expression(s) du Québec, aussi révélateur sur le plan esthétique qu’urgent en termes sociaux: l’art dit autochtone et notamment la littérature des Premières Nations. Les œuvres les plus récentes produites au Québec dans ce domaine ont fait l’objet d’un nombre considérable de recherches universitaires et ont retenu l’attention des médias. Nous essaierons de répondre à la question quant à la façon dont des catégories comme l’invisible et l’inaudible se manifestent (et sont mises en action poétique) dans deux œuvres appartenant à deux générations différentes, celle de l’artiste Rebecca Belmore et celle de l’auteure Naomi Fontaine. De plus, nous envisagerons l’entrée de références telles que l’espace territorialisé dans les interventions et les fictions (géo) poétiques en question, en supposant que celles-ci offrent de nouvelles perspectives et des postures médiatiques très pertinentes. Tout en sachant qu’un nombre considérable de recherches québecoises a déjà abordé plusieurs des aspects examinés dans notre texte, nous nous proposerons de mobiliser certaines lignes de recherche transculturelles provenant, justement, des études latino-américaines, et de donner quelques indices supplémentaires qui tournent autour des notions de tiers espace ou de « littérature réservée ». Ici, il devient particulièrement clair que la notion de territoire dans le contexte évoqué est fortement institutionnalisée et sémantisée. Au vu de ce fait, les perspectives émergentes qui sont sujet de nos réflexions, sont, pour leur part, particulières – voire intimes – et pourtant elles dialoguent avec l'officialité et la violence historique du terme mentionné.

Sur un plan plus micro, nous parlerons d’une poétique du chuchotement dans le cas de Fontaine et d’une évocation mégaphonique dans celui de Belmore. Sur un plan macro, notre article mettra en dialogue les arts plastiques et visuels et la littérature. Enfin, il convient de préciser que la référence que nous faisons à l'Amérique latine ne se légitime pas seulement en termes théoriques: au Québec, les points de vue et même les visions (artistiques) d'une nouvelle forme de représentation et d’une nouvelle sensibilité de la perception dans ce sens se sont croisés il y a bien longtemps.
Renewable energy resources: Combustion and environmental impact of diesel with pyrolytic and biodiesel blends
Authors: Sönmez Halil İbrahim , Okumuş Fatih , Safa Aykut , Aydin Zafer , Kaya Cenk , Kökkülünk Görkem
Published: February 2022

The worldwide increasing energy demand, interest in alternative energy production and limited resources have made it inevitable to turn to recovering wastes, such as waste tires. Waste tires with annual increase of 2%, corresponding to significant reserves all over the world, brings a serious environmental pollution. In this study, energy recovery was planned considering environmental pollution caused by waste tires and waste cooking oils, both. Accordingly, performance and emission analyzes were carried out using fuels formed by mixing pyrolytic oil obtained from waste tires (WTPO) and biodiesel obtained from waste cooking oil with diesel fuel in a single cylinder engine. The experiments are carried out at 2800 rpm and at full load condition. The findings of engine performance and exhaust emissions were evaluated. While the maximum brake specific fuel consumption (Bsfc) value was determined as 2100 g/kWh for blend fuel of 30% biodiesel and 10% WTPO in diesel fuel, the maximum brake thermal efficiency (Bte) value was determined as 33.541% for P30 fuel. The crank angles yielding maximum in-cylinder pressures approach to top dead center, with increasing biodiesel fraction while keeping WTPO fraction constant. While the increase in the amount of WTPO in the test fuels has an effect on the increase of CO emissions, and increasing biodiesel ratio has reduced the CO emissions. Also the use of biodiesel without WTPO increases NOx emissions slightly, while providing an effective reduction at high WTPO fractions. At low WTPO fractions, biodiesel has reduced HC emissions, while at high WTPO fractions has increased.
Taraxasterol attenuates melanoma progression via inactivation of reactive oxygen species-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Wenfang , Yu Qianying , Wang Fei , Li Yunxia , Zhang Guohua , Tao Sirui
Published: February 2022

Background: Taraxasterol (TX), a pentacyclic triterpene, is one of the main active constituents isolated from Taraxacum officinale. A growing number of studies have reported that TX exhibits a wide range of biological activities such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuro-protective effects. Recently, TX has been demonstrated to be a potential drug candidate for treatment of some types of cancers. However, the specific role of TX in melanoma remains unclear.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed at exploration of the effect of TX on melanoma cell viability, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as well as the underlying mechanisms.

Research design: A375 and SK-MEL-28 cells were treated with various concentrations of TX for different times. Cell viability was measured using CCK-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Transwell assays were performed to measure cell migration and invasion. The expression of E-cadherin, α-catenin, N-cadherin, vimentin, p-PI3K, PI3K, p-Akt and Akt was detected using western blot.

Results: The study showed that TX induced A375 and SK-MEL-28 cell apoptosis. Furthermore, exposure to TX inhibited A375 and SK-MEL-28 cell migration and invasion. Besides, the EMT process was reversed in A375 and SK-MEL-28 cells after TX treatment. We also observed that TX reduced the protein expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt; thus, inhibiting activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway in A375 and SK-MEL-28 cells. In addition, TX treatment increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in A375 and SK-MEL-28 cells, and treatment with the ROS scavenger NAC significantly rescued TX-induced down-regulation of p-PI3K and p-Akt in A375 and SK-MEL-28 cells.

Conclusions: In conclusion, our study demonstrated that TX induced ROS accumulation followed by inactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and subsequently attenuated melanoma progression, suggesting that TX may be a potential candidate for treatment of melanoma.
Accounting in the context of war: The Portuguese case of the ‘Guerra do Ultramar’ (1961–1974)
Authors: Cunha Manuel , Gomes Delfina , Caria Ana , Menezes Carlos , Ribeiro João Leite
Published: February 2022

This study focuses on the period of the Portuguese Overseas War (1961–1974), with the aim of analysing the role of military accounting in Portugal, particularly regarding whether state budgetary procedures were adapted to meet the needs of the state and the military. The analysis was developed by considering the budget constraints faced at the time, which were profoundly influenced by the laws of public sector accounting that had two main goals concerning the control and the balance of the budget. This work contributes to a better understanding of the role of accounting during the 13 years of war in three different war scenarios and in a small country with limited resources. In the context of permanent scrutiny by the Ministry of Finance regarding the distribution and management of public spending, it is believed that accounting and military administration played an important role but fell short in preventing budget overruns during the period of analysis.
Craniofacial Orthodontic Experience in CODA-Accredited Orthodontic Residency Programs
Authors: Valiathan Manish , DiMassa Alexander , Petts Rebecca , Bous Rany , Apostolopoulos Konstantinos , Elshebiny Tarek
Published: February 2022

To evaluate orthodontic care for patients with craniofacial anomalies (CFA) by identifying orthodontic residents' preparedness to treat certain conditions and willingness to receive more training in CFA.

A 12-question survey was sent through the American Association of Orthodontics (AAO) organization to orthodontic residents. Questions were primarily designed to obtain information on the frequency with which they dealt with patients with CFA in their training, specific craniofacial conditions that orthodontic residents feel comfortable treating.

A total of 150 participants out of 1066 responded. Of the 150 responses, 35% were first-year residents, 43% second year, and 22% were third-year residents. Thirty nine percent of residents saw 3 or more CFA patients during their residency followed by 24% that saw no patients with CFA. Forty five percent reported that 1 to 3 hours of lecture time was devoted to CFA per month. Sixty percent felt their training in CFA was not sufficient to feel comfortable treating these patients in practice. Specifically, 62% felt comfortable treating Down syndrome, 84% unilateral cleft lip and/or palate, and 64% bilateral cleft lip and/or palate, while the majority did not feel comfortable treating Pierre Robin sequence (68%), Cleidocranial dysplasia (65%), Crouzon syndrome (75%), Pfeiffer syndrome (80%), Treacher Collins syndrome (76%), Apert syndrome (76%), CHARGE syndrome (84%), and DiGeorge sequence (84%). Seventy eight percent of residents reported that they would like more training in treating craniofacial.

Orthodontic residents did not feel comfortable treating patients with CFA. Majority of the residents felt that they would like to learn more about CFA.
Bite Force Changes in Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients Before and After ALT-RAMEC Protocol
Authors: Shabbir Sadia , Sattar Anam , Sami Qurat ul ain , Zia Babar , Pervez Hana
Published: February 2022

To evaluate the bite force (BF) changes in bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) in contrast to the non BCLP children after ALT-RAMEC Facemask therapy.

The prospective study was carried out on a total of 60 subjects of age 6 to 13 years in a tertiary care hospital; treatment group, 30 children with BCLP and control group, 30 children without cleft lip and palate. Each cleft patient was received ALT-RAMEC Facemask treatment and their BF assessed at 4 different stages. Bite force taken before treatment, immediately, 3 months and 6 months after treatment. Bite force of the control group was taken at baseline to compare with the treatment group to demonstrate the difference in BF values. Independent t test and analysis of variance were used to perform statistical analysis.

There was a significant difference in BF between the treatment group (BCLP) 122.53 ± 8.64 N and the control group (non BCLP) 181.38 ± 18.84 N at baseline. After the Alt RAMEC protocol, changes in BF recorded over 3 and 6 months of therapy showed significant improvement. The mean values of BF at 3months and 6 months were 106.7 ± 9.3 N and 137.4 ± 9.5 N, respectively.

Bite force was significantly improved after ALT-RAMEC protocol followed by facemask therapy in BCLP patients.
Negentropy: Principles and Use in PK-12 Schools
Authors: A. Carr-Chellman Ali , Kitchel Allen , L. Olive James
Published: February 2022

Recent articles have introduced ideas from Physics, specifically, negentropy, to the social sciences. Applications have been primarily in higher education, online learning, and organizations. This article applies negentropy to PK-12 school contexts, discussing the principles for application of systemic school reform and improvement. Negentropy is the reversal of common disintegration and degradation of systems through explicit attention to the reversal of energy losses. Negentropic actions can be taken by school stakeholders to release new energy and recapture energy that is leaving the organization. This paper describes the principles of negentropy in schools, distinguishes it from other common school change theories (systemic school change, entrepreneurial, innovation) and offers implementation advice.
Scaling Authoritarian Information Control: How China Adjusts the Level of Online Censorship
Authors: Han Rongbin , Shao Li
Published: February 2022

Autocracies can conduct “strategic censorship” online by selectively targeting different types of content and by adjusting the level of information control. While studies have confirmed the state’s selective targeting behavior in censorship, few have empirically examined how the autocracies may adjust the control level. Using data with a 6-year span, this paper tests whether the Chinese state scales up control over citizenry complaints in reaction to a series of socio-political events. The results show that instead of responding to mass protests and major disasters as previous studies have suggested, the state tends to adjust the control level because of political ceremonies, policy shifts, or leadership changes. The findings help refine the strategic censorship theory and offer a granular understanding of the motives and tactics of authoritarian information control.
Modeling and analysis of sliding wear based on fractal surface reconstruction in line contact mixed lubrication
Authors: Zhao Jiang , Sheng Wei , Li Zhengminqing , Zhang Hong , Zhu Rupeng
Published: February 2022

In mixed lubrication, the direct rough contact between the two contact surfaces causes material wear and lead to the variation of the surface micro-topography. In turn, the variation of the micro-topography affects the lubrication state between the two contacting surfaces. For the better comprehension of the interaction of lubrication and wear on rough surfaces in mixed lubrication, in this paper, a coupled model of fluid flow, rough contact, and surface wear was established, with fractal theory being applied to predict the changes in surface microtopography. Furthermore, the effects of fractal dimension, roughness direction, contact load and slide-roll ratio on the surface contact area ratio, accumulated wear, film thickness and friction coefficient are analyzed. The results demonstrated that surfaces with large fractal dimension have denser roughness peaks, resulting in larger contact areas and more severe wear. Transverse roughness surfaces exhibit better lubrication and wear performance compared to longitudinal and isotropic surfaces. In addition, increasing the contact load and slip-roll ratio increases the contact area ratio, resulting in lower lubricating performance and increased wear.
A solution for mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication modeling considering effects of solid particles and surface roughness
Authors: Wang Gang , Wang Wei , Zhang Yi , Shen Jinlong , Xu Jimin , Liu Kun
Published: February 2022

To investigate the effects of solid particles on the point contact mixed lubrication, this paper aims to introduce solid particles into rough interfaces under mixed hydrodynamic lubrication. Statistical three-body micro-contact is utilized in modeling mixed EHL. The model is verified by comparing results without considering particles and roughness with those from classical EHL formula. Factors, such as particle physical parameters, surface roughness and operating condition acting on the system are discussed. The results show that the distribution of hydrodynamic pressure and oil film thickness on the point contact with particles still show typical characteristics of elastohydrodynamic lubrication. The physical parameters of particles and operating condition change the proportion of each part to the load carrying capacity, where an increase in particle size, concentration and surface orientation parameters increases the load ratio of particle and conversely an increase in surface roughness and sliding velocity decreases it. Both an increase in particle size and surface roughness result in an increase in the minimum oil film thickness, with the effect of surface roughness being more significant. In addition, the shear strength, size and concentration of the particles play an important role in the friction characteristics.
Inter-organisational collaboration enabling care delivery in a specialist cancer surgery provider network: A qualitative study
Authors: Vindrola-Padros Cecilia , Ramsay Angus IG , Black Georgia , Barod Ravi , Hines John , Mughal Muntzer , Shackley David , Fulop Naomi J
Published: February 2022

Objective

To explore the processes, challenges and strategies used to govern and maintain inter-organisational collaboration between professionals in a provider network in London, United Kingdom, which implemented major system change focused on the centralisation of specialist cancer surgery.

Methods

We used a qualitative design involving interviews with stakeholders ( n = 117), non-participant observations ( n = 163) and documentary analysis ( n = 100). We drew on an existing model of collaboration in healthcare organisations and expanded this framework by applying it to the analysis of collaboration in the context of major system change.

Results

Network provider organisations established shared goals, maintained central figures who could create and sustain collaboration, and promoted distributed forms of leadership. Still, organisations continued to encounter barriers or challenges in relation to developing opportunities for mutual acquaintanceship across all professional groups; the active sharing of knowledge, expertise and good practice across the network; the fostering of trust; and creation of information exchange infrastructures fit for collaborative purposes.

Conclusion

Collaborative relationships changed over time, becoming stronger post-implementation in some areas, but continued to be negotiated where resistance to the centralisation remained. Future research should explore the sustainability of these relationships and further unpack how hierarchies and power relationships shape inter-organisational collaboration.
Preemptive acyclovir to prevent herpes simplex virus bronchopneumonitis in mechanically ventilated patients with herpes simplex virus oropharyngeal reactivation: An ancillary study of the preemptive treatment for herpesviridae trial
Authors: Troger Antoine , Burrel Sonia , Pineton de Chambrun Marc , Schmidt Matthieu , Bréchot Nicolas , Bomme Olivier , Hékimian Guillaume , Combes Alain , Boutolleau David , Luyt Charles-Edouard
Published: February 2022

Background

To evaluate the impact of preemptive acyclovir treatment on herpes simplex virus (HSV) bronchopneumonitis in mechanically ventilated patients with HSV oropharyngeal reactivation.

Methods

Ancillary study of the Preemptive Treatment for Herpesviridae (PTH) clinical trial. Patients included in that trial from one centre (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital) and in whom at least one bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed for ventilator-associated pneumonia suspicion were included in the present study. Rate of HSV bronchopneumonitis, defined as clinical symptoms suggesting of pneumonia and presence of HSV in BAL fluid ≥105 copies of HSV/106 cells, were compared in patients who received either acyclovir or placebo.

Results

Eighty-three patients were included; 40 having received preemptive acyclovir and 43 having received a placebo, without differences between groups at admission or at randomization. The number of patients who developed HSV bronchopneumonitis was lower among acyclovir-treated patients than among placebo-treated patients (40% vs. 72%, respectively, p = .003). Results were similar when restricted to patients without HSV detected in the lower respiratory tract at randomization (31% vs. 61%, respectively, p = .03).

Conclusions

Preemptive acyclovir treatment in mechanically ventilated patients with HSV oropharyngeal reactivation reduces HSV bronchopneumonitis rate.
Turning a graphical method of evidential reasoning into an operational tool for judges? Empirical evidence
Authors: Leclerc Olivier , Vergès Etienne , Vial Géraldine
Published: February 2022

Research on graphical methods of reasoning has made enormous progress since the pioneering work of Wigmore in the early 20th century and its later rediscovery in the 1980s. While the usefulness of graphical methods for student training and research is widely acknowledged, their use by judges remains marginal, if not non-existent, even though this was Wigmore's objective. This article explores the difficulties that graphical methods of reasoning must overcome if they are to be integrated into the practice of the courts, at a time when courts are faced with ever more pressing imperatives of efficiency. The research is based on a partnership with the French School of Magistrates (Ecole Nationale de la Magistrature) and is informed by training courses given to magistrates on the basis of real cases, during which the authors proposed that they implement what we have called the Orderly Method of Evidence Analysis. Although the research confirms the value of graphical methods in promoting rigour in evidential reasoning, it also reaffirms the already clearly identified limits related to their complexity and time-consuming nature. The article also points out the difficulties that still need to be overcome in order to operationalise graphical methods of evidential reasoning, and the difficulties encountered by these methods in avoiding judgment bias.
Do young men and women differ in well-being apps usage? Findings from a randomised trial
Authors: Antezana Gaston , Venning Anthony , Smith David , Bidargaddi Niranjan
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The potential of mobile applications (apps) as a resource to support well-being in young people is hampered by low usage. Suggested reasons for this vary from technical issues to users’ psychological and personal characteristics like gender, mood and perceptions on well-being. Objectives: To identify and understand predictive variables related to the use of well-being apps by young people in the context of the ‘Online Wellbeing Centre’ (OWC) Randomised Controlled Trial (a study assessing changes in well-being of young people who use well-being apps). Methods: A cross-sectional analysis using binary logistic regression was conducted, taking into account previous app usage of participants at baseline versus demographic, ecological momentary assessments, and well-being variables, of data collected in the OWC-RCT. To explore predictors further, follow-up post-RCT surveys were coded to better understand user’s predisposition towards apps. Results: Mood ( p < 0.006) and gender ( p < 0.03) are significantly associated with the use of well-being apps. Female participants with elevated mood were more likely to use well-being apps before signing up into the study. Two themes were identified from participants at follow-up that related to the design of the app and engagement of the app user. Females were more likely to focus on the purpose of app, whereas males were more likely to focus on specific goals and features (e.g. tracking) offered by the app. Females were able to mention the link between well-being and app usage. Conclusion: Personal characteristics explain engagement with well-being apps, with mood and gender significant in the current sample. Further qualitative research may help identify other individual characteristics that explain why and how young people use well-being apps and the impact of these on a user’s health.
The case for case studies: Dialogic engagement and case study creation in a higher education classroom
Authors: Sulé V. Thandi , Sachs Abigail , Mansor Courtney , Smydra Rachel V
Published: February 2022

As engagement and work with diverse others has grown increasingly important in the world, many educators have committed to enhancing students’ ability to address complex equity-based issues in their profession and everyday lives. Although there is growing literature on the value of using case studies and small group dialog, very little exists on dialogic, cooperative case study creation. Using critical pedagogy and constructivism as the epistemic lenses, this study qualitatively examines how students gauge their learning in a course focusing on knowledge development through dialog and cooperative case study creation. Findings indicate that the experiential and collaborative nature of the course fostered learning that has implications for engagement with diverse others and with dealing with equity-based issues. The study adds to knowledge about the functionality of case studies, particularly student-created case studies.
Children’s agency when experiencing family-related adversities: The negotiation of closeness and distance in children’s personal narratives
Authors: Michelson Stina
Published: February 2022

Children’s perspectives on family-related adversities are important to social work practice and theory. Qualitative inquiry into children’s personal narratives can contribute to a deeper understanding of their project of handling difficult relationships and experiences in the family context. The present study explores children’s agency with a specific focus on how they negotiate difficult family-related relationships and experiences in, and through, their personal narratives. The analysis builds on teller-focused interviews with 22 children aged between 6 and 17 who receive support linked to their experiences of family-related adversities. The findings suggest that children negotiate difficult relationships and experiences in terms of closeness and distance. This is shown in their narrative practice of positioning and repositioning themselves and others in, and through, their telling. The findings are theorized in relation to the concepts of power and misrecognition. Finally, the implications for social work practice and research are discussed with an emphasis on how to promote a non-instrumental attitude to children’s perspectives and experiences within the child welfare system. The present study suggests that this pursuit would benefit from a child-centered and narrative understanding of children and their knowledge.
HIV Knowledge and Perceived Risk Among Black Men and Women Who Are Incarcerated in Kentucky
Authors: Thorpe S. , Miller-Roenigk B. , Hargons C. N. , Dogan J. N. , Thrasher S. , Wheeler P. , Oser C. , Stevens-Watkins D.
Published: February 2022

In the United States, Black men and women who are incarcerated bear a disproportionate and inequitable burden of HIV infection. While HIV knowledge does not consistently predict HIV risk behaviors, HIV knowledge can inform one’s perceptions of their risk for HIV. We examined gender differences in HIV knowledge and perceived risk of contracting HIV ( N = 424) among Black men and women who were incarcerated and nearing community reentry from seven prisons in Kentucky. Our results demonstrated that women reported greater levels of HIV knowledge and perceived greater risk for contracting HIV than their male counterparts. Implications for HIV prevention interventions are discussed.
Unique Medley of Cardinal Veins: Duplicated Superior and Inferior Venae Cavae With Left Renal Agenesis and Hemiazygos Continuation of Left Inferior Vena Cava With Drainage Into Left Atrium
Authors: Vignesh Selvamurugan , Bhat Tameem Ahmad
Published: February 2022

Congenital anomalies of the superior and inferior vena cava result from abnormal embryogenesis of cardinal veins. Duplication of superior vena cava (SVC) occurs in 0.3% of the general population of which only 8% drain into the left atrium. The prevalence of double inferior vena cava (IVC) is around 0.2–3%. The reported incidence of unilateral renal agenesis ranges from 1:1100 to 1:5000, and the association of double IVC with renal agenesis has been reported in only 11 cases in the literature. The conglomeration of such rare anomalies incidentally noted in a single patient is reported in this study. A 32-year-old man was referred to our department for Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the thorax. The patient was found to have dorsal kyphoscoliosis with hemivertebrae. The SVC was duplicated with the right SVC draining into the right atrium and the left SVC draining into the left atrium. The left kidney was not visualized in the abdomen. There was dual IVC with no intercommunicating interiliac vein. The right IVC maintained its normal course, while the left IVC continued as hemiazygos vein and joined left SVC in the thorax. Also noted was the aberrant origin of the right subclavian artery. This is the first reported case of combined superior and inferior vena caval anomalies along with left renal agenesis in a single patient in the literature. A review on the embryological basis is also described in this article.
Frontal Alpha Asymmetry in Children with Trauma Exposure
Authors: Im Sungjin , Fitzpatrick Skye , Hien Denise A. , Lopez-Castro Teresa , Pawlak Anthony , Melara Robert D.
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the current study was to investigate differences in frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) between children (5-17 years) with or without histories of trauma exposure. EEG data were obtained from 165 children who participated in the Healthy Brain Network Initiative during rest with eyes open and closed. FAA during resting-state electroencephalography was significantly more negative in the trauma-exposed group, suggesting greater left lateralized FAA and avoidance-oriented motivation. Moreover, alpha suppression (difference in alpha amplitude between eyes open and eyes closed conditions) was marginally greater in the trauma-exposed group. The results suggest that early exposure to trauma may be associated with trait-level avoidance of environmental stimuli, which ultimately may be predictive of psychopathology, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Study findings thus provide preliminary evidence of brain-based mechanisms that may confer risk for PTSD in the wake of early trauma exposure.
Treatment of an infundibular aneurysm by posterior communicating origin disconnection, induced flow reversal and flow diversion after attempted surgical clipping: Case report
Authors: Raper Daniel M S , Rutledge Caleb , Abla Adib A
Published: February 2022

Infundibular aneurysms are rare lesions that present unique challenges for both surgical and endovascular approaches. We present a case of a 58-year old man with an incidental 7.5 × 3 mm infundibular aneurysm that incorporated the origin of the posterior communicating artery (PCoA). The fusiform aneurysm incorporated the supraclinoid ICA to the terminus. An attempt at surgical clip reconstruction of the aneurysm to preserve the PCoA was not technically possible due to atherosclerosis at the aneurysm neck. The aneurysm was treated with disconnection of the PCoA origin, induced flow reversal and placement of a flow diverter, after confirmation of adequate collateral flow to the PCoA perforators from the posterior circulation. The case illustrates important concepts in the evaluation and management of infundibular aneurysms, including both reconstructive and deconstructive strategies.
Developing and proposing rational and valid principles for effective school governance in England
Authors: Connolly Michael , James Chris
Published: February 2022

The rationale for the principles of effective school governance in England, as set out in government regulations, has never been made explicit. This article addresses that issue and develops and proposes such principles. We argue that effective school governance secures the legitimacy of schools as institutions. Such institutional legitimacy is achieved through the institutionalization processes in which the institutional primary task is central. Effective governance is therefore concerned with overseeing and ensuring the processes of institutionalization. We identify two general principles that relate to ensuring the school's legitimacy and ensuring that the school's institutionalization processes enable it to be a legitimate institution. We also distinguish six specific principles that relate to: the school's work on the institutional primary task, the resources required and deployed for work on the institutional primary task; the school's compliance with the rules and regulations that apply to the institution; the school's conformance to the norms expected of a school; the way the school operates on a day-to-day basis in relation to wider society's expectations; calling the headteacher or principal (HT/P) to account for the functioning of the school; and ensuring the HT/P's development. Our analysis is relevant to school governance in other countries.
What Do We Currently Know About Patellofemoral Osteochondritis Dissecans?
Authors: Bonaspetti Giovanni , Dib Giovanni , Azzola Flavio , Piovani Alessia
Published: February 2022

Objective

Knee osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a still poorly understood pathological condition of the articular subchondral bone and its overlying cartilage. Patellofemoral involvement accounts for less than 1% of cases; tibial plateau and multifocal involvement is an even rarer instance. The purpose of this study is to review what is currently known about patellofemoral OCD (PF-OCD) and to present an unusual case of PF-OCD which progressed to become multifocal in an adult female patient.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases on September 2021 for all levels of evidence and English language. After duplicate removal, 234 papers pertaining to PF-OCD were retrieved. Thirty-nine studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. As an example, a unique case of delamination of patellar cartilage consistent with PF-OCD with progressive involvement of trochlea and both tibial plateau in a 35-year-old woman is also presented.

Results

PF-OCD is a rare localization of knee OCD. Two hundred eighty-eight cases have been reported in the literature to date. Mean age at time of diagnosis was 16 years and the location could also be bilateral and multifocal. The etiology is still debated but traumatic, vascular, and hereditary mechanisms are likely. Management mirrors that of classical OCD.

Conclusions

PF-OCD is an uncommon cause of anterior knee pain but should be considered even when physeal plates are closed. Current available evidence on treatment is of low quality, based on single case reports or small retrospective case series.
Lower extremity injuries in the baseball athlete
Authors: Hartnett Davis A , Milner John D , Bodendorfer Blake M , DeFroda Steven F
Published: February 2022

Baseball is unique in its multiple facets: pitching, hitting, base rounding, and fielding are distinct activities that require different athletic skills to perform at a high level. Likewise, these different aspects of the game can contribute to a multitude of varying injuries. While high-velocity overhead throwing, along with batting, can produce a plethora of upper extremity injuries that often garner attention, injuries to the lower extremity can severely impact a player’s performance and ability to compete. The rigors of the short, explosive sprinting required for base running, as well as the dynamic movement required for fielding, create ample opportunity for lower limb injury, and even subtle pathology can affect a pitcher’s ability to perform or increase their long-term risk of injury. Chronic injury from conditions such as femoroacetabular impingement and hip labral tears can also occur. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the relevant epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of lower extremity injuries in baseball athletes, with reference to current research into the prevention and management of such injuries.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 ) IgG-antibody seroprevalence among quarantined population, during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic, In North West Ethiopia (from 30 April to 30 May 2020)
Authors: Kebede Fassikaw , Kebede Tsehay , Kebede Birhanu
Published: February 2022

Objective:

The spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Ethiopia is below par understood and to date has been poorly characterized by a lower number of confirmed cases and deaths as compared with other regions of the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. We aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies, using the Abbott anti-nucleocapsid IgG chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, in two COVID-19 diagnosed and treatment centers of quarantined population during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (since 30 April–30 May 2020).

Methods:

We analyzed data of 446 quarantined individuals during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. The data were collected using both interviewed and blood sample collection. Participants asked about demographic characteristics, COVID-19 infection symptoms, and its practice of preventive measures. Seroprevalence was determined using the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 IgG test.

Results:

The mean (± standard deviation) age of the respondent was 37.5 (±18.5) years. The estimated SARS-CoV-2 infection seroprevalence was found 4.7% (95% confidence interval: 3.1–6.2) with no significant difference on age and gender of participants. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody seroprevalence was significantly associated with individuals who have been worked by moving from home to work area (adjusted odds ratio = 7.8, 95% confidence interval: 4.2–14.3, p < 0.019), not wearing masks (adjusted odds ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.9–3.8, p < 0.02), and baseline comorbidity (adjusted odds ratio = 6.3, 95% confidence interval: 2.3–17.1, p < 0.01) as compared to their counter groups, respectively.

Conclusion:

Our study concluded that lower coronavirus disease 2019 seroprevalence, yet the large population in the community to be infected and insignificant proportion of seroprevalence, was observed between age and sex of respondents. Protective measures like contact tracing, face covering, and social distancing are therefore vital to demote the risk of community—strengthening factors should be continued as effect modification of anticipation for severe course of coronavirus disease 2019.
Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies among HIV Infected Individuals Attending ART Centre at Pune: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ghate Manisha , Shidhaye Pallavi , Gurav Shraddha , Gadhe Keshav , Kale Varsha , Jain Preeti , Thakar Madhuri
Published: February 2022

Background: We aimed to determine the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Pune, India. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2021 and June 2021. Demographic and clinical information related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were recorded on structured questionnaires. Blood samples were collected and tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies using commercial ELISA. Results: Of the 405 HIV infected individuals enrolled in the study, 223(55.1%) were females. Mean age and CD4 count of participants were 42 years (SD: 10) and 626 cells/mm3 (SD: 284) respectively. A total of 382 (95%) PLHIV were virologically suppressed. The seropositivity against SARS-CoV-2 was found in 221 PLHIV (54.6%, 95% CI: 49.7-59.4). No significant association was found between demographic or clinical factors and seropositivity. Conclusion: A high prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was found among PLHIV attending ART centre indicating an exposure to the virus among them.
The Role of Advanced Academic Degrees in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Faculty
Authors: Chen Aaron Z. , Greaves Kaylre M. , Fortney Thomas A. , Ahmad Christopher S. , Levine William N. , Trofa David P. , Lynch T. Sean
Published: February 2022

Background:

Limited knowledge exists on the role of advanced academic degrees within faculty positions in orthopaedic sports medicine.

Purpose:

To 1) provide an assessment of the baseline demographics of advanced degrees among orthopaedic sports medicine faculty and 2) examine the impact of advanced degrees on research productivity and career attainment of orthopaedic sports medicine faculty.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Orthopaedic sports medicine academics were identified using faculty listings on websites of the 200 orthopaedic surgery residency programs during the 2020-2021 academic year. Advanced degrees were defined as those additional to the primary medical degree (Doctor of Medicine [MD] or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine [DO]). Outcome measures included timing of advanced degree obtainment, residency program rankings, research productivity, and current academic rank and leadership roles. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests to determine the association of advanced degrees on outcome measures.

Results:

In total, 911 orthopaedic sports medicine faculty members were identified, of whom 100 had an advanced degree. The most common advanced degrees were Master of Science (MS/MSc; 38%), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD; 23%), and Master of Business Administration (MBA; 13%). The presence of an advanced degree was associated with greater research productivity, including higher h-index and number of publications, as well as more editorial board positions on orthopaedics journals ( P < .001). Advanced degrees were not significantly associated with attending a higher ranked orthopaedic surgery residency program, current academic rank, or leadership roles. At the institutional level, orthopaedic sports medicine programs that employed faculty with an advanced degree had a higher residency program ranking and the presence of a sports medicine fellowship was more likely ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

Advanced degrees in orthopaedic sports medicine were associated with greater faculty research engagement and employment at a higher ranked institution; they were not associated with matching to a highly ranked orthopaedic surgery residency program, higher faculty rank, or academic leadership roles.
Pointing and calling the way to patient safety: An introduction and initial use case
Authors: Violato Efrem , Chao Iris Cheng In , McCartan Charlotte , Concannon Brendan
Published: February 2022

Background

Using tools from outside healthcare can help improve patient safety. Pointing and Calling (Shisa Kanko) is an operational procedure developed for industry in Japan to prevent human error and has been used in healthcare in Asian countries to reduce errors during medication administration. Pointing and Calling affects cognitive task switching by pointing to a place or object and calling out the operation to be performed.

Aim

Conduct an initial use case to examine the willingness and ability of healthcare professionals in a Western country to use Pointing and Calling.

Methods

An observational initial use case was conducted with nineteen Advanced Care Paramedic students. Confidence, perceptions, and use of Pointing and Calling were measured during a simulated clinical scenario along with facilitator perceptions.

Results

After the simulation participants were confident in their ability to use Pointing and Calling, found the method to be beneficial, and indicated they would use Pointing and Calling in the future. Participants often used the method for tasks such as checking vitals. Aspects of the method requiring clarification and more training were identified. Facilitators indicated the method appeared beneficial during simulations and could be incorporated into existing curriculum.

Conclusions

The benefits of Pointing and Calling are readily apparent to students and facilitators and both groups are receptive to the method. Pointing and Calling is low risk with substantial potential benefits. With more education and training Pointing and Calling could be effectively implemented.