bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A família (en)contra a escola: pobreza, conflitos e obrigatoriedade escolar nas Minas Gerais do século XIX
Authors: Viana Fabiana Da Silva
Published: July 2017

Neste artigo dedico-me ao estudo das relações estabelecidas entre pais de família, professores primários e autoridades locais em Minas Gerais, nas primeiras décadas do século XIX. Para tanto, recorri a um grande número de documentos produzidos por presidentes de província, bem como pela Assembleia Legislativa e pelas autoridades responsáveis pela fiscalização das escolas primárias mineiras. Já no alvorecer do século XIX, o desejo de civilizar e formar o cidadão trabalhador motivara a elaboração de dispositivos legais voltados à organização e ampliação do serviço de instrução pública. Foi neste contexto que intelectuais e políticos defenderam a educação das crianças e a generalização da instrução pública primária, considerando-as como as medidas mais adequadas à formação da nação brasileira. Em Minas Gerais, o que se observa a partir daí é a intensificação, nos discursos de intelectuais e dirigentes, de uma preocupação com a infância e sua preparação para a vida adulta. Preocupação, contudo, alicerçada em uma percepção um tanto preconceituosa e negativa em relação à moralidade das famílias mineiras e na compreensão de que elas eram incapazes de zelar pelo futuro de suas crianças. O que tais intelectuais e políticos não esperavam, contudo, é que os pais de família resistissem a essas representações, demonstrando a fragilidade das críticas que lhes eram dirigidas e o caráter ainda incipiente das ações do governo do Estado.Family encounter school: poverty, conflicts and compulsory school in Minas Gerais of the 19th century. In this paper I study the relations established among parents, primary teachers and local authorities in the first decades of the nineteenth century in Minas Gerais. To do so, I relied on a large number of documents produced by provincial presidents, by the Legislative Assembly and by the authorities responsible for supervising primary schools in Minas Gerais. In the late nineteenth century, the desire to civilize and to form the working citizens motivated the elaboration of legal devices whose aim was to organize and to expand the public education service. It was in this context that intellectuals and politicians defended the children’s education for all and the generalization of primary public education as the most appropriate measures for the formation of Brazilian nation. In Minas Gerais, what is observed from there is the intensification in the discourses of intellectuals and leaders of a concern with childhood and its preparation for adult life. This concern was based on a prejudiced and negative perception of the morality of Minas families and on the understanding that they were unable to take care of the future of their children. What such intellectuals and politicians did not expect, however, was the resistance of the parents to these representations. They demonstrate the fragility of the criticisms directed against them and the incipience of the state government policies. Keywords: Public education; Compulsory school; Family-school relationship.
A história da educação dos negros no Brasil
Authors: Almeida Cíntia Borges de , Silva Marcelo Gomes da
Published: July 2017

FONSECA, M. V.; BARROS, S. A. P. (org.). A História da Educação dos Negros no Brasil. Niterói: EdUFF, 2016.
Evolving attitudes toward robotic surgery among Canadian urology residents
Authors: Locke Jennifer , Robinson Michael , MacNeily Andrew , Goldenberg S. Larry , Black Peter C.
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RAS) has not been adopted as rapidly or widely in Canada as in the U.S. In 2011, Canadian urology residents felt that RAS represented an expanding field that could potentially negatively impact their training. We re-evaluate trainee exposure and attitudes to RAS in Canadian residency training five years later.Methods: All Canadian urology residents were asked to participate in an online survey designed to assess current resident exposure to and perception of RAS.Results: The response rate was 39% (61/157). Seventy-seven percent of residents reported being involved in at least one RAS procedure (52% in 2011), and the majority had exposure to <10 cases. For those in hospitals with access to RAS, 96% desired more console time, while only 50% of those without access wanted more console experience. Of all residents, 50% felt that RAS will become the gold standard in certain urological surgeries (34% in 2011), but only 28% felt that RAS would play an increasingly important role in urology (59% in 2011).Conclusions: Despite an increase in exposure to RAS in residency programs over the past five years, console experience remains limited. Although these residents desire more access to RAS, many voice uncertainty of the role of RAS in Canada. We cannot conclude whether RAS is perceived by residents to be beneficial or detrimental to their training nationwide. Moving forward in the robotic era, it will be important to either modify residency curricula to address RAS experience or to limit RAS to fellowship training.
External Pressures, Top Executives’ Characteristics and Environmental Information Disclosure: Empirical Evidence from Listed Companies of Heavy Pollution Industry
Authors: Luo Wenbing , Wang Juanzhi , Li Bo
Published: July 2017

Based on stakeholder theory, this paper takes China’s listed companies of heavy pollution industry from 2011 to 2014 as the research objects, and studies the working mechanism of external pressures and top executives’ characteristics on level of environmental information disclosure (EDI). The results show that external pressures from government regulation and public opinion supervision significantly improve EDI; Top executives’ compensation affects EDI most, followed by top executives’ political connections; Top executives’ shareholding is slightly positively correlated with EDI; Enterprises with political connections receive more government regulation and public opinion supervision than those without; Top executives’ political connections weaken the effect of government regulation on EDI.
The Impact of Working Capital Components on Firm Value in US Firms
Authors: Cumbie Joseph Brian , Donnellan John
Published: July 2017

Working capital is an important part of any businesses day-to-day operations. However, most businesses do not take into consideration that continuous investment into working capital does not maximize firm value. The specific problem addressed was firm managers that do not understand the optimal level for each component of working capital create sub-optimal value firm; leading to diminished investment returns for shareholders. For this study, 140 firms for the years 2003-2012 were selected from a stratified random sample of firms listed on the Russell 2000 index. Accounts receivable days outstanding, accounts payable days outstanding, and inventory days outstanding were regressed on economic value to determine whether a curvilinear relationship existed. All three models showed a statistically significant relationship to firm value, F(6, 2268), p<.01, R2= .40, F(6, 2268), p<.01, R2= .38, F(6, 2268), p<.01, R2= .39. Recommendations for firm managers included lowering accounts receivable, accounts payable, and inventory days during boom economic times while increasing accounts receivable, accounts payable, and inventory days during recessionary economic times. Consideration for future research into working-capital management and firm value should consider whether different curvilinear relationships exist between firm value and working-capital components during different economic cycles.
An insect anti-antiaphrodisiac
Authors: Brent Colin S , Byers John A , Levi-Zada Anat
Published: July 2017

Passive mechanisms of mate guarding are used by males to promote sperm precedence with little cost, but these tactics can be disadvantageous for their mates and other males. Mated females of the plant bug Lygus hesperus are rendered temporarily unattractive by seminal fluids containing myristyl acetate and geranylgeranyl acetate. These antiaphrodisiac pheromones are gradually released from the female’s gonopore, declining until they no longer suppress male courtship. Because starting quantities of these compounds can vary widely, the repellant signal becomes less reliable over time. Evidence was found of a complimentary mechanism that more accurately conveys female mating status. Once inside the female, geranylgeranyl acetate is progressively converted to geranylgeraniol then externalized. Geranylgeraniol counteracts the antiaphrodisiac effect despite having no inherent attractant properties of its own. This is the first evidence for such an anti-antiaphrodisiac pheromone, adding a new element to the communication mechanisms regulating reproductive behaviors.
LTP and memory impairment caused by extracellular Aβ and Tau oligomers is APP-dependent
Authors: Puzzo Daniela , Piacentini Roberto , Fá Mauro , Gulisano Walter , Li Puma Domenica D , Staniszewski Agnes , Zhang Hong , Tropea Maria Rosaria , Cocco Sara , Palmeri Agostino , Fraser Paul , D'Adamio Luciano , Grassi Claudio , Arancio Ottavio
Published: July 2017

The concurrent application of subtoxic doses of soluble oligomeric forms of human amyloid-beta (oAβ) and Tau (oTau) proteins impairs memory and its electrophysiological surrogate long-term potentiation (LTP), effects that may be mediated by intra-neuronal oligomers uptake. Intrigued by these findings, we investigated whether oAβ and oTau share a common mechanism when they impair memory and LTP in mice. We found that as already shown for oAβ, also oTau can bind to amyloid precursor protein (APP). Moreover, efficient intra-neuronal uptake of oAβ and oTau requires expression of APP. Finally, the toxic effect of both extracellular oAβ and oTau on memory and LTP is dependent upon APP since APP-KO mice were resistant to oAβ- and oTau-induced defects in spatial/associative memory and LTP. Thus, APP might serve as a common therapeutic target against Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and a host of other neurodegenerative diseases characterized by abnormal levels of Aβ and/or Tau.
Mitosis can drive cell cannibalism through entosis
Authors: Durgan Joanne , Tseng Yun-Yu , Hamann Jens C , Domart Marie-Charlotte , Collinson Lucy , Hall Alan , Overholtzer Michael , Florey Oliver
Published: July 2017

Entosis is a form of epithelial cell cannibalism that is prevalent in human cancer, typically triggered by loss of matrix adhesion. Here, we report an alternative mechanism for entosis in human epithelial cells, driven by mitosis. Mitotic entosis is regulated by Cdc42, which controls mitotic morphology. Cdc42 depletion enhances mitotic deadhesion and rounding, and these biophysical changes, which depend on RhoA activation and are phenocopied by Rap1 inhibition, permit subsequent entosis. Mitotic entosis occurs constitutively in some human cancer cell lines and mitotic index correlates with cell cannibalism in primary human breast tumours. Adherent, wild-type cells can act efficiently as entotic hosts, suggesting that normal epithelia may engulf and kill aberrantly dividing neighbours. Finally, we report that Paclitaxel/taxol promotes mitotic rounding and subsequent entosis, revealing an unconventional activity of this drug. Together, our data uncover an intriguing link between cell division and cannibalism, of significance to both cancer and chemotherapy.
Recommendations for Canadian Mental Health Practitioners Working With War-Exposed Immigrants and Refugees
Authors: Kanagaratnam Pushpa , Pain Clare , McKenzie Kwame , Ratnalingam Nelani , Toner Brenda
Published: July 2017

With the inception of the mental health strategy for Canada, Changing Directions, Changing Lives, the ever increasing ethnic diversity in this country demands re-examination of our approaches to mental wellbeing and illness in the immigrant and refugee population arriving from war-torn countries. Contemporary clinical practice among mental health practitioners is not reflective of the emerging literature in this field, which points towards meaningful and culturally competent care. This article seeks to bridge the gap between existing knowledge and current practice, and provides recommendations for mental health practitioners who work with this population.
Manifestações e necessidades referentes ao processo de morte e morrer: perspectiva da pessoa com câncer Demonstrations and necessities on the death and dying process: perspective of the person with cancer
Authors: Tomaszewski Adriana Soares , Oliveira Stefanie Griebeler , Arrieira Isabel Cristina Oliveira , Cardoso Daniela Habekost , Sartor Silvia Francine
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: Conhecer manifestações e necessidades referentes ao processo de morte e morrer da pessoa com câncer no final de vida. Método: Estudo de caso, qualitativo, descritivo. O cenário foi no domicílio dos participantes vinculados ao Programa de Internação Domiciliar Interdisciplinar, em Pelotas/RS. Participaram cinco pessoas com câncer no final de vida, quatro do sexo masculino e uma do sexo feminino. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada e observação participante, em agosto e setembro de 2015, com três ou quatro encontros em seus domicílios.Foi aplicada a Análise Temática. Resultados: Emergiram quatro categorias: Manifestações e Necessidades Emocionais; Manifestações e Necessidades Sociais; Manifestações e Necessidades. Físicas; Manifestações e Necessidades Espitituais. Conclusão: O câncer modifica a vida dos pacientes e familiares exigindo dos profissionais de saúde habilidade e olhar sensível para o atendimento de sua integralidade, considerando suas dimensões físicas, emocionais, sociais e espirituais.
Medicamentos impróprios para o idoso disponibilizados pelo estado do Rio de Janeiro segundo os critérios de Beers-Fick Inappropriate medications for the elderly provided by the Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil according to the criteria of Beers-Fick
Authors: Rodrigues Daniel Pereira , Silvano Carla Maria , Santos Álvaro da Silva , Gonçalves Jurema Luiz Ribeiro , Pardi Guilherme Rocha
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência de Medicamentos Potencialmente Inapropriados (MPI) para idosos entre os disponibilizados na Atenção Primária à Saúde pela Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Método: Trata-se de estudo realizado com dados secundários provenientes da Relação Estadual de Medicamentos (REM) e analisado a luz das orientações previstas pela relação de Beers-Fick de 2012. Resultados: Verificou-se que na REM-RJ, de um total de 124 medicamentos, 13,70% (n=17) são considerados MPIs para idosos, com consumo em 2 grandes categorias (que atuam no SNC e periférico = 35,29% e; que atuam no sistema cardiovascular e renal = 29,41%). Conclusão: A presente investigação evidencia a necessidade de se desenvolver critérios alinhados à perspectiva do idoso brasileiro, sendo possível a adaptação dos critérios de Beers-Fick, e a elaboração de súmulas específicas, que contemplem esta população e suas peculiaridades, considerando referenciais de significância científica.
Doença falciforme: perspectivas sobre assistência prestada na atenção primária Sickle cell disease: perspectives on the assistance provided in primary attention
Authors: Moraes Laura Xavier de , Bushatsky Magaly , Barros Mariana Mariana Boulitreau Siqueira Campos , Barros Bruna Ramos , Bezerra Maria Gleciany Alves
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: investigar a visão dos portadores de doença falciforme sobre a assistência prestada nas Unidades de Saúde da Família de acordo com a portaria 1.391/05. Métodos: estudo transversal, descritivo, quanti-qualitativo; realizado com vinte e seis portadores de doença falciforme atendidos no Hemope. O estudo foi aprovado pelo CEP com CAAE: 45243015.7.0000.5195. Resultados: Verificou-se insatisfação por parte dos portadores de Doença Falciforme para com o atendimento que lhes é prestado na atenção primária, levando a uma baixa acreditação que o serviço possui diante da população. Conclusão: as premissas estabelecidas pela Portaria GM 1.391/05 ainda não foram atingidas após dez anos de sua implantação. As políticas públicas voltadas à população negra precisam ser resgatadas para que exista uma continuidade da assistência.
Um estudo sobre a amizade como estratégia pedagógica: o significado dado por estudantes de medicina A study on friendship as educational strategy: its meaning by medical students
Authors: Belmonte Terezinha de Souza Agra , Ramos Ricardo Luiz , Mendes Felismina Rosa Parreira , Iglesias Antônio Carlos Ribeiro Garrido
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: Diagnosticar a Amizade como estratégia didática. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo exploratório e descritivo. Questão norteadora: o que é Amizade e um professor amigo? Resultados: A sala de aula, Medicina Psicossomática, 2015 / 2º Semestre; 16 alunos brancos, no 6º, 7º e 8º períodos da medicina; 2, segunda graduação; 12 sexo feminino /4 masculino; idade média +/-25 anos; a maioria, 2 irmãos; provenientes sudeste e centro oeste; 3 casados; 2 com filhos. A Amizade, característica da essência humana, comunicação dos significados do corpo sensível. Os alunos pensam o professor, realizador do seu querer. Conclusão: As atividades pedagógicas na educação, formação e ação na saúde precisam incluir o sentir e o querer dos discentes. Os docentes necessitam competências da espiritualidade humana.
Cuidados de Enfermagem prestados à parturiente adolescente sob a luz da Teoria de Wanda Horta Nursing care to adolescent woman in labor in the light of Wanda Horta’s theory
Authors: Correia Suzyenney Rodrigues , Santos Amuzza Aylla Pereira , Silva Jovania Marques de Oliveira e , Comassetto Isabel , Lima Géssica Kyvia Soares de , Ferreira Daniela Cristina da Silva
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: conhecer os cuidados de Enfermagem prestados à adolescente durante o trabalho de parto, e assim identificar os fatores os influenciam e analisar os cuidados de Enfermagem prestados à parturiente adolescente. Método: é uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, realizada através de entrevista com 08 enfermeiras obstétricas da maternidade do Hospital Universitário Professor Alberto Antunes – UFAL. Os dados foram categorizados de acordo com a técnica de análise de Bardin e tendo como referencial teórico a Teoria das Necessidades Humanas Básicas de Wanda Horta. Resultados: foi possível identificar 03 unidades temáticas que evidenciam como o cuidado de Enfermagem à parturiente adolescente, destacando-se o acolhimento, a aproximação da equipe e formação do vínculo e das enfermeiras, e os cuidados em si. Conclusão: o estudo possibilitou evidenciar os cuidados prestados, que acontecem de forma generalizada, possibilitando assim identificar os fatores que determinam como os cuidados são prestados e suas dificuldades
Gestão em saúde na fronteira: revisão integrativa da imbricância para a assistência hospitalar Health management in frontier: integrative review on its impact for hospital care
Authors: De Moraes Gabriela Formoso , Cardoso Leticia Silveira , Da Rosa Liane Silveira , Da Costa Valdecir Zavarese , Dos Santos Cristiano Pinto , Cezar-Vaz Marta Regina
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: Identificar os subsídios propiciados pela produção científica à gestão hospitalar de saúde em áreas de fronteira. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa que explorou o universo de 24 artigos indexados na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, na base de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciência da Saúde-LILACS. Resultados: Aspectos Socioeconômicos da Gestão em Saúde na Fronteira que evidenciaram a Mobilidade de pessoas e a Gestão dos serviços de saúde e; Aspectos Clínicos para a Gestão em Saúde na Fronteira que destacou os Aspectos do serviço e as Características da clientela. Conclusão: A saúde em área de fronteira pela produção científica explorada apresentada subsidia a gestão hospitalar ao indicar os aspectos socioeconômicos como determinantes do processo saúde-doença. Determinação que acarreta na ampliação da demanda e da necessidade de tecnologia diagnóstica em saúde. Descritores: Saúde na fronteira, áreas de fronteira, administração hospitalar.
What Would a Trump Administration 2.0 Mean for Health Care Policy?
Authors: Chen Lanhee J.
Published: October 2024

This JAMA Forum discusses former President Donald Trump’s current viewpoints and prior policies on price transparency, drug pricing, and the Affordable Care Act that could be reflected in his health care policy if reelected.
Maternal Serum Folate During Pregnancy and Congenital Heart Disease in Offspring
Authors: Qu Yanji , Liu Xiaoqing , Lin Shao , Bloom Michael S. , Wang Ximeng , Li Xiaohong , Wang Hui , Han Fengzhen , Liu Ju-E. , Pan Weixiang , Zhang Wangjian , Zou Xia , Zhuang Jian , Li Jie , Chen Jimei
Published: October 2024

Importance

The association of folate supplementation with congenital heart disease (CHD) prevention is controversial.

Objective

To examine the association of maternal serum folate levels at early to midpregnancy with CHD risk in offspring.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This case-control study recruited participants from one of China’s largest cardiac referral centers between 2015 and 2018. CHD cases and non-CHD controls were matched according to maternal age at a ratio of 1:4. Data were analyzed from May to August 2023.

Exposures

Maternal serum levels of folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine were measured around the gestational age of 16 weeks.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was CHD, which was confirmed using echocardiography. The association between CHD risk in offspring with maternal folate levels was measured using adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% CIs in conditional logistic regression analyses. Interactions between folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine and CHD were estimated on a multiplicative scale.

Results

A total of 129 CHD cases with ventricular septal defect as the most common phenotype and 516 matched controls were included. The mean (SD) maternal age at pregnancy was 31.6 (5.3) years. There was a U-shaped association between maternal serum folate levels at early to midpregnancy and CHD risk in offspring. Compared with the offspring in the second and third quartiles of maternal folate, those in the lowest (aOR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.88-5.08) and highest quartiles (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.07-3.06) had increased odds of CHD. The ORs were higher when applying the World Health Organization criteria to determine the normal range for serum folate levels. Interaction analyses suggested that the adverse associations between low and high maternal folate and CHD risk might be further magnified by vitamin B12 deficiency or elevated homocysteine.

Conclusions and relevance

In this case-control study of CHD, low maternal serum folate levels in early to midpregnancy were associated with an increased CHD risk in offspring, and excessively high folate levels were also associated with an elevated CHD risk. Further investigation is needed to make causal inferences for the observed associations and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Dynamic Constitutive Model of Tungsten‐Whisker‐Reinforced Aluminum/Polytetrafluoroethylene Composite Material and Quantitative Determination of Impact Reaction Release Energy in Vacuum Environment
Authors: Tang Enling , Deng Zhiwei , Wang Ruizhi , Han Yafei , Chen Chuang , Chang Mengzhou , Guo Kai , He Liping
Published: October 2024

To meet the strength requirements of aluminum/polytetrafluoroethylene (Al/PTFE) in practical applications, tungsten (W) whisker is added into the traditional formula Al/PTFE (26.5%/73.5%) to improve the dynamic compressive strength of the reactive material. Mechanical properties of reactive material specimens prepared by sintering are tested. In the results, it is shown that the dynamic compressive strength of Al/PTFE‐reactive material reinforced by tungsten whisker with volume fraction of 13.1% can reach 141 MPa at strain rate of 1800 s−1. The constitutive model of dynamic compression for tungsten‐whisker‐enhanced Al/PTFE‐reactive material is constructed, and the results are basically consistent with the experimental results. The quantitative impact energy release of reactive material specimens under vacuum environment are performed by using the two‐stage light gas gun loading system, and the quantitative impact release energies of Al/PTFE‐reactive material reinforced by tungsten whisker under different whisker percentage content and diameter are obtained.
Development of Porous Ti64 by Partial Densification in Spark Plasma Sintering for Laminar Flow Control
Authors: Egreteau Baptiste , Méry Fabien , Davoine Cécile , Vermeersch Olivier , Thomas Marc
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to develop a porous material in Ti64 by partial densification with spark plasma sintering to be used as a porous panel for laminar flow control by suction. An important characteristic of porous panels for this application is their permeability, which must be as high as possible. The permeability can be related to the material's porous network. This is why samples are made by varying their manufacturing parameters (temperature, pressure, powder particle size, and powder quantity). Then, their permeability is measured experimentally, and their porous network is described with the measurement of porosity, local diameter distribution, and tortuosity thanks to X‐ray tomography. The tortuosity measurements highlight the anisotropic effect of pressure on the porous network. The morphological parameters are used in a Kozeny–Carman model, which should predict porous materials’ permeability, and be confronted with the experimental measurements. Finally, this characterization process leads to the selection of the best manufacturing parameters for the application.
Synergistic Passivation of Buried Interface and Grain Boundary of Tin–Lead Mixed Perovskite Films for Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: He Dong , Liu Kaiyuan , Li Zhaoning , Zhang Xusheng , Gao Han , Niu Zeyu , Cheng Tianle , Ma Guoqiang , Wang Jiafeng , Lamberti Francesco , He Zhubing
Published: October 2024

Due to its extreme susceptibility of tin to oxidation, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of tin–lead mixed perovskite (TLP) solar cells still lags far behind the pure lead halides perovskite solar cells (PSCs). More than the endeavors of the suppression of tin‐oxidation in the bulk TLP films, the synergistic interface engineering of both grain boundaries and interfaces turns more and more important. Here, a synergistic co‐passivation strategy is reported by modulating poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) substrate with p‐guanidinobenzonitrile hydrochloride (CG) and grain boundary passivation of TLP film with 3‐cyano‐4‐hydrazinylbenzoic acid (3C‐HBA), realizing a competitive device PCE of 23.3%, positioning it at the forefront of reported literature. Strikingly, the discovery of CG modifications for such important PEDOT:PSS layer. Moreover, relying on the comprehensive spectroscopies, 3C‐HBA is revealed to effectively modulate the crystallization process of TLP films. This co‐passivation strategy obviously reduces trap density and suppresses Sn2+ oxidation of TLP devices.
Self‐Supported Tungsten Nitride and Carbide Heterostructures with Vanadium Doping Tandemly Catalyze the Conversion of Polysulfides for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Chen Yongqing , Zhang Xudong , Chen Qidi , Cai Daoping , Zhang Chaoqi , Sa Baisheng , Zhan Hongbing
Published: October 2024

The intrinsically sluggish sulfur reduction reaction kinetics and serious shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) severely impede the practical commercialization of lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries. Herein, self‐supported tungsten nitride and carbide heterostructures with vanadium doping that are directly grown on carbon cloth substrate (CC@V‐W2N/WC1‐x) are creatively designed for Li‐S batteries, which can tandemly catalyze the liquid–liquid conversion and liquid–solid conversion of polysulfide intermediate free of any interference from polymer binders and conductive additives. Noteworthy, the rich heterointerfaces and vanadium doping are beneficial for rapid charge transfer, strong chemical adsorption toward LiPSs, massive exposed catalytically active sites, and remarkable catalytic activities. Consequently, Li‐S batteries assembled with the CC@V‐W2N/WC1‐x/S cathodes exhibit high sulfur utilization, superior rate capability, and decent long‐term cycling stability. Furthermore, experimental analyses and theoretical calculations jointly substantiate that the V‐W2N component is more effective in catalyzing the conversion of long‐chain LiPSs, while the V‐WC1‐x benefits the favorable Li2S deposition kinetics. More importantly, the Li‐S pouch cells are also fabricated to demonstrate their feasibility for practical applications. This work not only highlights the significance of tandem catalysis on the consecutive conversion of LiPSs but also provides a feasible avenue for developing highly efficient electrocatalysts toward high‐performance Li‐S batteries.
Regulating p‐Band Center of Sulfur in Li‐Argyrodite to Stabilize Dual Solid–Solid Interface for Robust All‐Solid‐State Lithium–Sulfur Battery
Authors: Liu Chong , Zhang Tianran , Wang Ruoyu , Chen Butian , Wang Dewen , Wang Tenghui , Yang Ziyi , Liu Tao , Mao Qianjiang , Li Taiguang , Zhang Jicheng , Ma Xiaobai , Liu Xiangfeng
Published: October 2024

All‐solid‐state lithium‐sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) are garnering significant interest due to their high energy density and safety. Nevertheless, the interfacial instability, particularly with sulfide‐based solid electrolytes, poses a formidable challenge to their widespread application. Herein, to adjust the p‐band center of the tetrahedron in Li6PS5Cl is proposed to alleviate undesirable reactions at anode and cathode interfaces via facile Sb/O co‐doping. The incorporation of Sb into Li6PS5Cl forms an SbS4 tetrahedron, resulting in the downward shift of the S‐p band center. This benefits the acquisition of electrons from Li to in situ forming stable LixSbySz interphase at the Li/LPSC‐SbO interface. The Li symmetric cell endows a high stability for over 4000 h. Moreover, the lower p‐band center of the S‐p band also strengthens the interaction of the SbS4 tetrahedron with surrounding Li atoms, impeding charge transfer to S8 and mitigating interfacial side reactions on the sulfur cathode. Additionally, O doping enhances the air stability of the electrolyte. The ASSLSBs with LPSC‐SbO achieve a high specific capacity of 932.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C with 83.7% capacity retention over 150 cycles. Furthermore, the practical all‐solid‐state pouch cell demonstrates stable cycling performance and anticipated safety. This work provides insights into constructing stable dual solid–solid interfaces for sulfide‐based room‐temperature high‐performance ASSLSBs.
Phytoglycogen Nanolubricants with Extended Retention Time in Joints
Authors: Ma Yingshan , Nouri Shahrzad , Pham Duy Anh , Ziyaeyan Atoosa , Chen Zhengkun , Morozova Sofia , Chekini Mahshid , Banquy Xavier , Adibnia Vahid , Viswanathan Sowmya , Kumacheva Eugenia
Published: October 2024

Osteoarthritis is a prevalent chronic health condition that is mostly associated with the degeneration of joint cartilage due to aging or abnormal mechanical stress in the joint. Intraarticularly injected nanoparticle‐based lubricants decrease the friction between damaged cartilage surfaces, thus preventing their further degradation; however, the effectiveness of currently used nanoparticle‐based lubricants is limited by their short retention time in the joint space. To address this challenge, cationically modified biosourced phytoglycogen nanolubricants are utilized, which electrostatically bind to the cartilage components. The conjugation of the nanoparticles with red‐emissive fluorescent carbon dots enables in vivo studies of their retention in the joint. The hytoglycogen nanoconjugates exhibit high colloidal stability in physiological conditions, provide a friction coefficient of 10−3–10−2 between the sliding surfaces under physiologically relevant pressures, strongly bind to the major cartilage surface components, and show significantly prolonged retention time in the joint in vivo, with a fourfold increase in half‐life in comparison with conventionally used hyaluronic acid injectant. These properties make these functionalized phytoglycogen nanoparticles a highly promising candidate for joint lubrication.
Occupying in Metal−Organic Frameworks’ Pores: Vein‐Like PANI Cross‐Coupled Hierarchical Porous UiO‐66 Flexible Electrode for Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Chi Jinyao , Li Qichang , Wei Liuxu , Shi Rui , Liu Xufei , Zhang Qi , Liu Kang , Li Zhenjiang , Xiao Zhenyu , Wang Lei
Published: October 2024

Although extending conductive polymer chains into the pores of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) leverages their advantage of high conductivity and ultra‐high surface area for “double‐high” electrode materials, only the surface pores of MOFs bulk can be occupied by conducting polymer by reported methods. To solve these issues, a selective etching and subsequent electrochemical polymerization strategy is employed. First, the hierarchical porous UiO‐66 (HPMOF) is prepared by acetate etching process, creating abundant mesopores and vein‐like channels that facilitate fast mass feeding of aniline monomers during electrochemical polymerization. Then, vein‐like PANI chains intersect HPMOF bulks and cross‐couples with HPMOF networks, which not only ensure that the inner pore surface is accessible to electrons but also dramatically increases surface area and cycle stability of PANI due to the nano‐confined effect. Therefore, the optimized HPMOF‐20h@PANI electrode showcases exceptional electron transport and ion accessibility, as evidenced by a remarkable specific capacitance of 6507 mF cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2 and retention of 82.1% capacitance after 5000 cycles. Furthermore, the as‐fabricated soft‐pack symmetric supercapacitor exhibits an energy density of 0.293 mWh cm−2 at a power density of 1.28 mW cm−2. This work provides a new route to design flexible “double‐high” electrodes and broadens the horizons in wearable electronics.
Alumina Fiber Membrane Prepared by Electrospinning Technology for Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling
Authors: Xin Yingfei , Wang Qingxue , Fu Chongyang , Du Shanmei , Hou Limei , Wei Xiangxia , Wang Hanbin , Wang Xiaoxiong
Published: October 2024

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) achieves cooling by simultaneously reflecting sunlight and radiating heat to outer space, without consuming any external energy. Traditional PDRC designs use organic materials that are prone to aging and secondary pollution under solar illumination. Here, a flexible alumina fiber membrane (FAFM) is prepared using electrospinning technology. The fiber‐membrane hierarchical structure ensures macroscopic flexibility, allowing this inorganic material to be assembled on complex surfaces just like organic materials. It can efficiently dissipate heat by emitting infrared radiation that matches the atmospheric window and scattering sunlight. Importantly, it is notable that no aging phenomenon occurs even under prolonged ultraviolet irradiation, which brings additional benefits to its green energy‐saving properties. As a result, its outstanding fire resistance and thermal insulation prevent the possibility of spontaneous combustion in extremely hot weather during the summer and may serve as a multifunctional insulation layer for buildings. This preparation method promotes surface design based on more inorganic structural materials in the future, enabling the design of more low‐cost, highly flexible inorganic PDRC materials.
A Novel Hierarchical Porous Covalent Organic Framework as Multi‐Active‐Center Anode for High‐Performance Sodium Ion Capacitors
Authors: Yuan Wenyong , Weng Junying , Sun Yiran , Zhang Pengju , Ding Minghui , Chen Siyi , Zhou Pengfei , Zhou Jin
Published: October 2024

Sodium‐ion capacitors (SICs) by virtue of synergizing the merits of batteries and supercapacitors are promising in energy‐storage applications. However, they face significant challenges due to the mismatch between the sluggish Faradaic reaction anode and the swift non‐Faradaic cathode. Here, the in‐situ growth of a covalent organic framework (TA‐DH‐COF) with multiple active sites (C = O, C = N, and C = C) on graphene aerogels (GA) is reported to synthesize a novel TA‐DH‐COF/GA anode with hierarchical pores for SICs. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of molecular design and hierarchical structural engineering, the obtained TA‐DH‐COF/GA anode possesses abundant accessible active sites and efficient ions and electrons transport pathways. Combining theoretical calculations and spectroscopic studies, it is revealed that the Na‐storage mechanism and transportation kinetics of the TA‐DH‐COF/GA are based on the reversible Na+ coordination by abundant accessible active sites through a four‐stage process, featuring capacitive energy storage characteristics. When coupled with an activated carbon (AC) cathode, the TA‐DH‐COF/GA||AC SIC device displays ultrahigh energy/power densities (≈56 Wh kg−1 and ≈10 000 W kg−1) and long‐term cyclic stability with 88.8% capacity retention after 18 000 cycles, outperforming existing SIC counterparts. This study illuminates the potential of COF‐based materials in SICs to achieve high energy/power density.
Magnesium Nanocomposite Hydrogel Reverses the Pathologies to Enhance Mandible Regeneration
Authors: Guo Jiaxin , Yao Hao , Chang Liang , Zhu Wangyong , Zhang Yuantao , Li Xu , Yang Boguang , Dai Bingyang , Chen Xin , Lei Lei , Chen Ziyi , Li Ye , Zheng Lizhen , Liu Weiyang , Tong Wenxue , Su Yuxiong , Qin Ling , Xu Jiankun
Published: October 2024

The healing of bone defects after debridement in medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a challenging medical condition with impaired angiogenesis, susceptible infection, and pro‐inflammatory responses. Magnesium (Mg) nanocomposite hydrogel is developed to specifically tackle multiple factors involved in MRONJ. Mg‐oxide nanoparticles tune the gelation kinetics in the reaction between N‐hydroxysuccinimide‐functionalized hyperbranched poly (ethylene glycol) and proteins. This reaction allows an enhanced mechanical property after instant solidification and, more importantly, also stable gelation in challenging environments such as wet and hemorrhagic conditions. The synthesized hydrogel guides mandible regeneration in MRONJ rats by triggering the formation of type H vessels, activating Osterix+ osteoprogenitor cells, and generating anti‐inflammatory microenvironments. Additionally, this approach demonstrates its ability to suppress infection by inhibiting specific pathogens while strengthening stress tolerance in the affected alveolar bone. Furthermore, the enhanced osteogenic properties and feasibility of implantation of the hydrogel are validated in mandible defect and iliac crest defect created in minipigs, respectively. Collectively, this study offers an injectable and innovative bone substitute to enhance mandible defect healing by tackling multiple detrimental pathologies.
Accelerating Li‐Ion Diffusion in LiFePO4 by Polyanion Lattice Engineering
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Yu Anyang , Jiang Tian , Yuan Shijun , Fan Qi , Xu Qingyu
Published: October 2024

Despite the widespread commercialization of LiFePO4 as cathodes in lithium‐ion batteries, the rigid 1D Li‐ion diffusion channel along the [010] direction strongly limits its fast charge and discharge performance. Herein, lattice engineering is developed by the planar triangle BO33− substitution on tetrahedron PO43− to induce flexibility in the Li‐ion diffusion channels, which are broadened simultaneously. The planar structure of BO33− may further provide additional paths between the channels. With these synergetic contributions, LiFe(PO4)0.98(BO3)0.02 shows the best performance, which delivers the high‐rate capacity (66.8 mAh g−1 at 50 C) and long cycle stability (ultra‐low capacity loss of 0.003% every cycle at 10 C) at 25 °C. Furthermore, excellent rate performance (34.0 mAh g−1 at 40 C) and capacity retention (no capacity loss after 2500 cycles at 10 C) at −20 °C are realized.
Dual Fe/I Single‐Atom Electrocatalyst for High‐Performance Oxygen Reduction and Wide‐Temperature Quasi‐Solid‐State Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Du Meng , Chu Bingxian , Wang Qichen , Li Cheng , Lu Yu , Zhang Zhan , Xiao Xin , Xu Cong‐Qiao , Gu Meng , Li Jun , Pang Huan , Xu Qiang
Published: October 2024

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts are essential for widespread application of quasi‐solid‐state Zn‐air batteries (ZABs), but the well‐known Fe‐N‐C single‐atom catalysts (SACs) suffer from low activity and stability because of unfavorable strong adsorption of oxygenated intermediates. Herein, the study synthesizes dual Fe/I single atoms anchored on N‐doped carbon nanorods (Fe/I‐N‐CR) via a metal–organic framework (MOF)‐mediated two‐step tandem‐pyrolysis method. Atomic‐level I doping modulates the electronic structure of Fe‐Nx centers via the long‐range electron delocalization effect. Benefitting from the synergistic effect of dual Fe/I single‐atom sites and the structural merits of 1D nanorods, the Fe/I‐N‐CR catalyst shows excellent ORR activity and stability, superior to Pt/C and Fe or I SACs. When the Fe/I‐N‐CR is employed as cathode for quasi‐solid‐state ZABs, a high power density of 197.9 mW cm−2 and an ultralong cycling lifespan of 280 h at 20 mA cm−2 are both achieved, greatly exceeding those of commercial Pt/C+IrO2 (119.1 mW cm−2 and 47 h). In addition, wide‐temperature adaptability and superior stability from −40 to 60 °C are realized for the Fe/I‐N‐CR‐based quasi‐solid‐state ZABs. This work provides a MOF‐mediated two‐step tandem‐pyrolysis strategy to engineer high‐performance dual SACs with metal/nonmetal centers for ORR and sustainable ZABs.
Physical Degradation of Anode Catalyst Layer in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
Authors: Xu Shuwen , Liu Han , Zheng Nanfeng , Tao Hua Bing
Published: October 2024

The proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is a promising technology for green hydrogen production. However, the wide‐spread application of PEMWE is hindered by the insufficient lifetime due to the degradation of anode material and structure, thus it is crucial first to understand the degradation mechanisms of PEMWE in actual applications. Generally, the degradation in anode side can be classified as chemical degradation and physical degradation. The considerable research focus from academia to enhance performance and durability is mainly by chemical methods. However, based on the experience from industry, many of the performance and lifetime limitations originated from physical factors. Herein, the impact of the physical characteristic of anode catalyst layer (ACL) on performance and durability of PEMWE is investigated, including cracking and deformation of ACL, swelling and creeping of ionomers, and detachment of catalyst particles. Finally, an outlook of future research focus is provided, based on the demand of developing efficient and durable industrial PEMWE devices.
Ni‐Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Alkynes To Form Arenes and Pyridines at Low Catalyst Loadings
Authors: Trinidad Martín M. , Maya Celia , Galindo Agustín , Carmen Nicasio M.
Published: October 2024

We report the Ni‐catalyzed cyclotrimerization of terminal alkynes at very low loadings of catalysts (0.05 mol% for all substrates). The nickel catalyst containing a terphenyl phosphine ligand allows carrying out the reactions at room temperature in only 30 min, providing the arene products as a single regioisomer in most cases. The Ni complex is also competent for the synthesis of polysubstituted pyridines through the cycloadditions of diynes and nitriles at mild temperatures (25 ° or 50 °C) and low Ni loadings (1 mol%). Experimental data and computational studies support the involvement of monoligated PNi species in all fundamental steps of the catalytic cycle.
Copper‐Powder‐Mediated Tandem Hydroamination Cyclization‐Hydrocyanation of Alkyne‐Tethered Ketoximes Toward Cyano‐Substituted Cyclic Nitrones
Authors: Han Wen‐Jun , Yang Fang‐Long , Hu Zhiyuan , Chen Wenxia , Liu Shun , Guo Ke , Yang Xin‐Yuan , Cheng Bin
Published: October 2024

A copper‐powder‐mediated tandem hydroamination cyclization–hydrocyanation of alkyne‐tethered ketoximes is described by using TMSCN as a commercially available cyanating reagent. This methodology provides an alternative strategy for the synthesis of a series of structurally important cyano‐substituted cyclic nitrones. The hydrocyanation process exhibits distinct regioselectivity depending on the substituent pattern of the alkyne moiety. Moreover, the synthesized products were shown to be capable of undergoing various derivatization reactions.
Temperature‐Induced Changes in Multifin‐Schottky Barrier FinFETs: An Analog/RF Linearity Investigation
Authors: Shalini V , Kumar Prashanth
Published: October 2024

In this script, a Gallium Nitride (GaN)‐based FinFET structure is proposed with a multi‐channel device that is designed and simulated. Here, the 3D‐Sentaures TCAD simulator is used to investigate the analog/radio frequency performance and linearity of the MultiFin‐Schottky Barrier FinFET with different temperatures of 100–400 K. The proposed device underwent a temperature analysis, where critical parameters include drain current, ION/IOFF ratio, Transconductance (gm), higher‐order terms (gm2 and gm3), Gain Bandwidth Product (GBP), Cut‐off Frequency (fT), Transit Time (τ), Transconductance Generation Factor (TGF), Transconductance Frequency Product (TFP), Voltage Input Intercept Point (VIP2, VIP3), Input Intercept Point (IIP3), and Third Order Intermodulation Distortion (IMD3) is thoroughly examined. Thus, the proposed GaN‐based FinFET validates as a strong potential contender for GaN‐based analog/RF applications.
Loss of Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase 1 Potentiates Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis by Reducing Aspartate Level
Authors: Chen Siyuan , Tang Qin , Hu Manqiu , Song Sijie , Wu Xiaohong , Zhou You , Yang Zihan , Liao Siqi , Zhou Li , Wang Qingliang , Liu Hongtao , Yang Mengsu , Chen Zhe‐Sheng , Zhao Wei , He Song , Zhou Zhihang
Published: October 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. Numerous studies have shown that metabolic reprogramming is crucial for the development of HCC. Carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 (CPS1), a rate‐limiting enzyme in urea cycle, is an abundant protein in normal hepatocytes, however, lacking systemic research in HCC. It is found that CPS1 is low‐expressed in HCC tissues and circulating tumor cells, negatively correlated with HCC stage and prognosis. Further study reveals that CPS1 is a double‐edged sword. On the one hand, it inhibits the activity of phosphatidylcholine‐specific phospholipase C to block the biosynthesis of diacylglycerol (DAG), leading to the downregulation of the DAG/protein kinase C pathway to inhibit invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. On the other hand, CPS1 promotes cell proliferation by increasing intracellular S‐adenosylmethionin to enhance the m6A modification of solute carrier family 1 member 3 mRNA, a key transporter for aspartate intake. Finally, CPS1 overexpressing adeno‐associated virus can dampen HCC progression. Collectively, this results uncovered that CPS1 is a switch between HCC proliferation and metastasis by increasing intracellular aspartate level.