bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of the nucleus accumbens in signaled avoidance actions
Authors: Zhou Ji , Hormigo Sebastian , Sajid Muhammad , Castro-Alamancos Manuel A.
Published: June 2024

Animals, humans included, navigate their environments guided by sensory cues, responding adaptively to potential dangers and rewards. Avoidance behaviors serve as adaptive strategies in the face of signaled threats, but the neural mechanisms orchestrating these behaviors remain elusive. Current circuit models of avoidance behaviors indicate that the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in the ventral striatum plays a key role in signaled avoidance behaviors, but the nature of this engagement is unclear. Evolving perspectives propose the NAc as a pivotal hub for action selection, integrating cognitive and affective information to heighten the efficiency of both appetitive and aversive motivated behaviors. To unravel the engagement of the NAc during active and passive avoidance, we used calcium imaging fiber photometry and single-unit recordings to examine NAc GABAergic neuron activity in freely moving mice performing avoidance behaviors. We then probed the functional significance of NAc neurons using optogenetics, and genetically targeted or electrolytic lesions. We found that NAc neurons code contraversive orienting movements and avoidance actions. Intriguingly, specific optogenetic patterns intended to excite NAc GABAergic neurons resulted in local somatic inhibition through GABAergic synaptic collaterals. Nevertheless, these patterns directly excited NAc GABAergic output axons, which in turn inhibited their targets, disrupting active avoidance behavior. Thus, this disruption stemmed from abnormal alterations in the activity of downstream midbrain areas crucial for the behavior. In contrast, direct optogenetic inhibition or lesions of NAc neurons did not impair active or passive avoidance behaviors, challenging the notion of their purported pivotal role in adaptive avoidance. The findings emphasize that NAc is not required for avoidance behaviors, but disruptions in NAc output during pathological states can impair these behaviors.
An Unbiased Proteomic Platform for Activity-based Arginylation Profiling
Authors: Lin Zongtao , Xie Yixuan , Gongora Joanna , Liu Xingyu , Zahn Emily , Palai Bibhuti Bhusana , Ramirez Daniel , Searfoss Rick M. , Vitorino Francisca N. , Dann Geoffrey P. , Zhao Chenfeng , Han Xian , MacTaggart Brittany , Lan Xin , Fu Dechen , Greenberg Lina , Zhang Yi , Lavine Kory J. , Greenberg Michael J. , Lv Dongwen , Kashina Anna , Garcia Benjamin A.
Published: June 2024

Protein arginylation is an essential posttranslational modification (PTM) catalyzed by arginyl-tRNA-protein transferase 1 (ATE1) in mammalian systems. Arginylation features a post-translational conjugation of an arginyl to a protein, making it extremely challenging to differentiate from translational arginine residues with the same mass in a protein sequence. Here we present a general activity-based arginylation profiling (ABAP) platform for the unbiased discovery of arginylation substrates and their precise modification sites. This method integrates isotopic arginine labeling into an ATE1 assay utilizing biological lysates (ex vivo) rather than live cells, thus eliminating translational bias derived from the ribosomal activity and enablingbona fidearginylation identification using isotopic features. ABAP has been successfully applied to an array of peptide, protein, cell, patient, and animal tissue samples using 20 µg sample input, with 229 unique arginylation sites revealed from human proteomes. Representative sites were validated and followed up for their biological functions. The developed platform is globally applicable to the aforementioned sample types and therefore paves the way for functional studies of this difficult-to-characterize protein modification.
Differences in phenotype between long-lived memory B cells againstPlasmodium falciparummerozoite antigens and variant surface antigens
Authors: Reyes Raphael A. , Turner Louise , Ssewanyana Isaac , Jagannathan Prasanna , Feeney Margaret E. , Lavstsen Thomas , Greenhouse Bryan , Bol Sebastiaan , Bunnik Evelien M.
Published: June 2024

Plasmodium falciparuminfections elicit strong humoral immune responses to two main groups of antigens expressed by blood-stage parasites: merozoite antigens that are involved in the erythrocyte invasion process and variant surface antigens that mediate endothelial sequestration of infected erythrocytes. Long-lived B cells against both antigen classes can be detected in the circulation for years after exposure, but have not been directly compared. Here, we studied the phenotype of long-lived memory and atypical B cells to merozoite antigens (MSP1 and AMA1) and variant surface antigens (the CIDRα1 domain of PfEMP1) in Ugandan adults before and after local reduction ofP. falciparumtransmission. After a median of 1.7 years withoutP. falciparuminfections, the percentage of antigen-specific activated B cells declined, but long-lived antigen-specific B cells were still detectable in all individuals. The majority of MSP1/AMA1-specific B cells were CD95+CD11c+memory B cells, which are primed for rapid differentiation into antibody-secreting cells, and FcRL5-T-bet-atypical B cells. On the other hand, most CIDRα1-specific B cells were CD95-CD11c-memory B cells. CIDRα1-specific B cells were also enriched among a subset of atypical B cells that seem poised for antigen presentation. These results point to differences in how these antigens are recognized or processed by the immune system and howP. falciparum-specific B cells will respond upon re-infection.
Temporal-spatial transcriptomics reveals key gene regulation for grain yield and quality in wheat
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Wan Yiman , Wang Dongzhi , Li Xingguo , Wu Jiajie , Chen Kunming , Han Xue , Chen Yuan
Published: June 2024

Cereal grain size and quality are important agronomic traits in crop production. The development of wheat grains is underpinned by complex regulatory networks. The precise spatial and temporal coordination of diverse cell types is essential for the formation of functional compartments. To provide comprehensive spatiotemporal information about biological processes in developing wheat grain, we performed a spatial transcriptomics study during the early grain development stage from 4 to 12 days after pollination. We defined a set of tissue-specific marker genes and discovered that certain genes or gene families exhibit specific spatial expression patterns over time. Weighted gene co-expression network and motif enrichment analyses identified specific groups of genes potentially regulating wheat grain development. The embryo and surrounding endosperm specifically expressed transcription factorTaABI3-3Bnegatively regulates embryo and grain size. In Chinese breeding programs, a haplotype associated with higher grain weight was identified, linked to altered expression levels ofTaABI3-3B. Data and knowledge obtained from the proposed study will provide pivotal insights into yield improvement and serve as important genetic information for future wheat breeding.
Reliability of structural brain change in cognitively healthy adult samples
Authors: Vidal-Piñeiro Didac , Sørensen Øystein , Strømstad Marie , Amlien Inge K. , Anderson Micael , Baaré William F.C. , Bartrés-Faz David , Brandmaier Andreas M. , Bråthen Anne Cecilie , Garrido Pablo , Ghisletta Paolo , Grydeland Håkon , Henson Richard N. , Kievit Rogier A. , Kormacher Max , Kühn Simone , Lindenberger Ulman , Mowinckel Athanasia M. , Nyberg Lars , Roe James M. , Sneve Markus H. , Sole-Padulles Cristina , Watne Leiv-Otto , Walhovd Kristine B. , Fjell Anders M.
Published: June 2024

In neuroimaging research, tracking individuals over time is key to understanding the interplay between brain changes and genetic, environmental, or cognitive factors across the lifespan. Yet, the extent to which we can estimate the individual trajectories of brain change over time with precision remains uncertain. In this study, we estimated the reliability of structural brain change in cognitively healthy adults from multiple samples and assessed the influence of follow-up time and number of observations. Estimates of cross-sectional measurement error and brain change variance were obtained using the longitudinal FreeSurfer processing stream. Our findings showed, on average, modest longitudinal reliability with two years of follow-up. Increasing the follow-up time was associated with a substantial increase in longitudinal reliability while the impact of increasing the number of observations was comparatively minor. On average, 2-year follow-up studies require ≈2.7 and ≈4.0 times more individuals than designs with follow-ups of 4 and 6 years to achieve comparable statistical power. Subcortical volume exhibited higher longitudinal reliability compared to cortical area, thickness, and volume. The reliability estimates were comparable to those estimated from empirical data. The reliability estimates were affected by both the cohort’s age where younger adults had lower reliability of change, and the preprocessing pipeline where the FreeSurfer’s longitudinal stream was notably superior than the cross-sectional. Suboptimal reliability inflated sample size requirements and compromised the ability to distinguish individual trajectories of brain aging. This study underscores the importance of long-term follow-ups and the need to consider reliability in longitudinal neuroimaging research.
Crystallographic fragment screening of CDK2-cyclin A: FragLites map sites of protein-protein interaction
Authors: Hope Ian , Noble Martin E. M. , Waring Michael J. , Noble E. M. Martin , Endicott Jane A. , Tatum Natalie J.
Published: June 2024

Protein-protein interaction sites (PPIs) are potentially more selective therapeutic binding sites than protein substrate binding sites. PPIs include distinct regions frequently called “hotspots,” sites of key amino acid interactions. Prospective identification of these hotspots through X-ray crystallographic screening could assist in the identification of separation of function mutants for experimental validation, enhance confidence in AI-generated multiprotein complex predictions and accelerate development of selective chemical probes. To explore these applications, we utilize the FragLite library to examine the binding surfaces of CDK2-cyclin A. The many protein- and peptide-CDK2-cyclin A complexes that have been structurally characterised make this complex an appropriate test case. We show that FragLites comprehensively map both known sites of protein-protein interaction on CDK2-cyclin A and identify a possible uncharacterised site, providing a structural method toward directing mechanistic studies and providing starting points for chemical probe design.
Dissolved organic matter fluxes and fatty acid composition from shallow-water and deep-water demo- and hexactinellid sponges from New Zealand
Authors: Stratmann Tanja , Miranda Mario L. M. , de Kluijver Anna , Busch Kathrin , Kelly Michelle , Mills Sadie , Schupp Peter J.
Published: June 2024

Sponges are an important component of shallow- and deep-water ecosystems enhancing eukaryotic biodiversity via diverse endo- and epibiota and by providing three dimensional habitats for benthic invertebrates and fishes. Sponge biodiversity is particularly high in the waters around New Zealand (Southwest Pacific), where we collected two shallow- and two deep-water sponge species (Tedaniasp.,Suberea meandrina,Farrea raoulensis,Artemisinasp.) forex-situincubation experiments to detect whether these sponges may process dissolved organic matter.

We assessed the biochemical and phospholipid-derived fatty acids (PLFAs) and measured dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) fluxes. Changes in fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) over time were analyzed and the results were linked to the bacterial communities of the sponge holobiont.

Dried sponge tissue consisted of 17.5 ± 3.75% organic (org.) C and of 4.34 ± 1.02% total nitrogen (TN) with a natural stable isotope composition of -19.0 ±0.25‰ for δ13org. C and of 10.2 ±2.43‰ for δ15TN. None of the DOC fluxes was significant and only the release of TDN byTedaniasp. was significantly different from 0 μmol TDN g org. C-1d-1. We detected the presence of four fluorophores in the FDOM pool: 2 tryptophan- and protein-like fluorophores (C1, C2), 1 humic-like fluorophore (C3), and 1 tyrosine-like fluorophore (C4). The maximum fluorescence intensity Fmaxof C1 decreased significantly inS. meandrinaincubations, whereas Fmaxof C2 grew in the same incubations. Fmaxof C3 increased inTedaniasp. incubations, in which Fmaxof C4 decreased. In comparison, Fmaxof C4 inS. meandrinarose.

The PLFA composition of sponge tissue was dominated by long-chain fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, and monosaturated fatty acids and most PLFAs were sponge- and bacteria-specific. The bacterial community of the demospongesArtemisinasp.,S. meandrinaandTedaniasp. consisted mostly of Proteobacteria and Chloroflexota, whereas the dominating bacteria phylum of the hexactinellidF. raoulensiswas Proteobacteria.

We proposed that the holobionts ofS. meandrinaandTedaniasp. contain bacteria that are involved in the transformation and degradation of DOM. InS. meandrina, Chloroflexota and Poribacteria may degrade tryptophan-like fluorophores to a chemically modified tryptophan-like and protein-like fluorophore, while producing a tyrosine-like fluorophore. InTedaniasp., Chloroflexota may contribute to the release of significant amounts of TDN by producing humic-like fluorophores, while degrading tyrosine-like fluorophores.Farrea raoulensismay not take up DOM due to a lack of Poribacteria and Chloroflexota or may use colloidal instead of truly dissolved DOC.
Chemogenetic activation of astrocytes modulates sleep/wakefulness states in a brain region-dependent manner
Authors: Kurogi Yuta , Sanagi Tomomi , Ono Daisuke , Tsunematsu Tomomi
Published: June 2024

Study objectives

Astrocytes change their intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration during sleep/wakefulness states in mice. Furthermore, the Ca2+dynamics in astrocytes vary depending on the brain region. However, whether alterations in intracellular Ca2+concentration in astrocytes can affect sleep/wakefulness states and cortical oscillations in a brain region-dependent manner remain unclear.

Methods

The Ca2+concentration in astrocytes was artificially increased using chemogenetics in mice. Astrocytes in the hippocampus and pons, which are 2 brain regions previously classified into different clusters based on their Ca2+dynamics during sleep/wakefulness, were focused on to compare whether there are differences in the effects of astrocytes from different brain regions.

Results

The activation of astrocytes in the hippocampus significantly decreased the total time of wakefulness and increased the total time of sleep. This had minimal effects on cortical oscillations in all sleep/wakefulness states. On the other hand, the activation of astrocytes in the pons substantially suppressed rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in association with a decreased number of REM episodes, indicating strong inhibition of REM onset. Regarding cortical oscillations, the delta wave component during non-REM sleep was significantly enhanced.

Conclusions

These results suggest that astrocytes modulate sleep/wakefulness states and cortical oscillations. Furthermore, the role of astrocytes in sleep/wakefulness states appears to vary among brain regions.

Statement of Significance

Sleep is an instinctive behavior for many organisms. Recently, it has been reported that not only neurons, but also astrocytes, a type of glial cell, contribute to sleep/wakefulness states. Intracellular Ca2+concentration, an indicator of astrocyte activity, fluctuates during sleep/wakefulness states. However, it is still unclear whether changes in Ca2+concentration in astrocytes can affect sleep/wakefulness states. In this study, we utilized chemogenetics to activate astrocytes in mice. Our results showed that activation of astrocytes in the hippocampus causes decreased wakefulness, and that in the pons causes decreased REM sleep. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that the activation of astrocytes modulates sleep/wakefulness states in a brain region-dependent manner.

Graphical Abstract
Energy landscapes for the quantum approximate optimization algorithm
Authors: Boy Choy , Wales David J.
Published: June 2024

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have demonstrated considerable potential in solving NP-hard combinatorial problems in the contemporary noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is one such algorithm, used in solving the maximum cut (Max-Cut) problem for a given graph by successive implementation of L quantum circuit layers within a corresponding Trotterized ansatz. The challenge of exploring the cost function of VQAs arising from an exponential proliferation of local minima with increasing circuit depth has been well documented. However, fewer studies have investigated the impact of circuit depth on QAOA performance in finding the correct Max-Cut solution. Here we employ basin-hopping global optimization methods to navigate the energy landscapes for QAOA ansätze for various graphs, and analyze QAOA performance in finding the correct Max-Cut solution. The structure of the solution space is also investigated using discrete path sampling to build databases of local minima and the transition states that connect them, providing insightful visualizations using disconnectivity graphs. We find that the corresponding landscapes generally have a single funnel organization, which makes it relatively straightforward to locate low-lying minima with good Max-Cut solution probabilities. In some cases below the adiabatic limit the second lowest local minimum may even yield a higher solution probability than the global minimum. This important observation has motivated us to develop broader metrics in evaluating QAOA performance, based on collections of minima obtained from basin-hopping global optimization. Hence we establish expectation thresholds in elucidating useful solution probabilities from local minima, an approach that may provide significant gains in elucidating reasonable solution probabilities from local minima.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Stochastic optimal tuning for flight control system of morphing arm octorotor
Authors: Kose Oguz
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to discuss the simultaneous longitudinal and lateral flight control of the octorotor, a rotary wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), for the first time under the effect of morphing and to improve autonomous flight performance.

Design/methodology/approach

This study aims to design and control the octorotor flight control system with stochastic optimal tuning under morphnig effect. For this purpose, models of different arm lengths of the octorotor were drawn in the Solidworks program. The morphing was carried out by simultaneously lengthening or shortening the arm lengths of the octorotor. The morphing rate was estimated by using simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA). The stochastic gradient descent algorithm, which is frequently used in machine learning, was used to estimate the changing moments of inertia with the change of arm lengths. The proportional integral derivative (PID) controller has been preferred as an octorotor control algorithm because of its simplicity of structure. The PID gains required to control both longitudinal and lateral flight were also estimated with SPSA.

Findings

With SPSA, three longitudinal flight PID gains, three lateral flight PID gains and one morphing ratio were estimated. PID gains remained within the limits set for SPSA, giving satisfactory results. In addition, the cost index created was 93% successful. The gradient descent algorithm used for the moment of inertia estimation achieved the optimum result in 1,570 iterations. However, in the simulations made with the obtained data, longitudinal and lateral flight was successfully carried out.

Originality/value

Octorotor longitudinal and lateral flight control was performed quickly and effectively with the proposed method. In addition, the desired parameters were obtained with the optimization methods used, and the longitudinal and lateral flight of the octorotor was successfully carried out in the desired trajectory.
The market reaction of energy companies to the announcement of the Russian–Ukrainian invasion
Authors: Yudaruddin Rizky , Lesmana Dadang
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to empirically analyze the market response of energy companies to the Russian-Ukrainian invasion. Additionally, it examines the comparison of market reactions between companies in NATO member countries and non-member countries.

Design/methodology/approach

This study utilizes a sample of 1,511 energy sector companies. To achieve the research objectives, two methods are employed. First, an event study is used to analyze the market reaction using Cumulative Abnormal Return (CAR) to the announcement of Russia's invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022 (event day) within an event window of (−30, +30). Second, a cross-sectional analysis is conducted to compare the responses of companies in NATO member countries with those in non-member countries.

Findings

The findings of this study reveal that energy companies worldwide reacted positively both before and after the announcement of the invasion, with significant reactions observed in companies from the Americas, Europe, and Asia & Pacific regions. However, the Middle East and Africa markets did not show significant reactions. Furthermore, the study indicates that most developed and emerging markets responded positively, likely due to the increase in energy commodity prices during the war. Moreover, the market reaction of companies in NATO member countries was stronger compared to other markets.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing literature by being the first to examine the impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on the energy sector, while categorizing markets as developed, emerging, and frontier. It also specifically explores the market reaction of energy companies in NATO member countries, providing unique insights into the differential responses within the energy sector.
For Da Brothas: a call for fat, black male and masculine folx literature
Authors: Jackson Jarvais , Taste Allen D. , Prosser Robert
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study rigorously explores the intersectional challenges faced by black fat males, emphasizing the amalgamation of anti-fat bias, gender and sexuality and racial discrimination within educational contexts. The purpose of this study is to dissect the complex dynamics of this intersection, shedding light on the nuanced experiences of black men. Central to this exploration is the advocacy for creating inclusive educational sanctuaries, providing a safe space for these individuals to thrive, learn and engage in holistic personal development.

Design/methodology/approach

To accomplish our objectives, this paper reviewed existing literature on anti-fatness, intersecting with issues of race, gender and sexuality. Drawing upon qualitative data, this study incorporated personal narratives and experiences to offer a comprehensive perspective. Our research methodology also involved an analysis of metrics like body mass index (BMI) and its impact on health-care practices and policies, particularly concerning the black community.

Findings

The research discerns that black fat males encounter multifaceted challenges in educational settings, often rooted in societal prejudices and systemic biases. It highlights the inadequacy of conventional metrics like BMI in capturing the complexity of these experiences. The study identifies the urgent need for safe school spaces, emphasizing the importance of inclusive language, varied seating arrangements and tailored educational content. These findings underscore the imperative for proactive measures in dismantling anti-fatness within academic institutions.

Originality/value

This research contributes significantly to the academic discourse by pioneering an in-depth exploration of the intersectional challenges black fat males face in education. This study offers a novel perspective by focusing on the unique amalgamation of anti-fat bias and racial discrimination. The proposal for educational sanctuaries tailored to the needs of this demographic represents an innovative solution, bridging gaps in the existing literature. Through its nuanced approach and advocacy for inclusivity, this study stands as an original and pioneering contribution to the field, urging educators and policymakers to reevaluate their practices and create equitable learning environments.
Symmetric Kullback–Leibler distance based generalized grey target decision method for mixed attributes
Authors: Ma Jinshan , Zhu Hongliang
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The reported Kullback–Leibler (K–L) distance-based generalized grey target decision method (GGTDM) for mixed attributes is an asymmetric decision-making basis (DMB) that does not have the symmetric characteristic of distance in common sense, which may affect the decision-making result. To overcome the deficiency of the asymmetric K–L distance, the symmetric K–L distance is investigated to act as the DMB of GGTDM for mixed attributes.

Design/methodology/approach

The decision-making steps of the proposed approach are as follows: First, all mixed attribute values are transformed into binary connection numbers, and the target centre indices of all attributes are determined. Second, all the binary connection numbers (including the target centre indices) are divided into deterministic and uncertain terms and converted into two-tuple (determinacy and uncertainty) numbers. Third, the comprehensive weighted symmetric K–L distance can be computed, as can the alternative index of normalized two-tuple (deterministic degree and uncertainty degree) number and that of the target centre. Finally, the decision-making is made by the comprehensive weighted symmetric K–L distance according to the rule that the smaller the value, the better the alternative.

Findings

The case study verifies the proposed approach with its sufficient theoretical basis for decision-making and reflects the preferences of decision-makers to address the uncertainty of an uncertain number.

Originality/value

This work compares the single-direction-based K–L distance to the symmetric one and uses the symmetric K–L distance as the DMB of GGTDM. At the same time, different coefficients are assigned to an uncertain number’s deterministic term and uncertain term in the calculation process, as this reflects the preference of the decision-maker.
Organizational culture’s influence on supply chain performance analysis with fuzzy grey cognitive maps
Authors: Zanon Lucas Gabriel , Sigahi Tiago F.A.C. , Anholon Rosley , Carpinetti Luiz Cesar Ribeiro
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper applies fuzzy grey cognitive maps (FGCM) to support multicriteria group decision making (GDM) on supply chain performance (SCP) considering the role of organizational culture as a moderating factor.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper follows the quantitative axiomatic prescriptive model-based research. It introduces a MGDM model that relies on the SCOR® model performance attributes and Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. The proposal is underpinned by the soft computing technique of FGCM, aimed at addressing the inherent subjectivity associated with evaluating the culture-performance relationship within supply chains.

Findings

The FGCM-based model proposes a management matrix tool for supporting SPC management. It results in a graphical representation that deconstructs SCP and organizational culture into key elements and provides directives for action plans that align improvement efforts. An illustrative application is presented to guide and promote the model’s application in different configurations of supply chains.

Practical implications

This model offers valuable insights into addressing the impact of organizational culture on decision-making related to SCP. Additionally, it facilitates scenario simulation. The management matrix visually illustrates how each performance attribute is influenced by each cultural dimension on a quantitative scale. It also ranks these attributes based on the overall level of influence they receive from culture.

Originality/value

The study provides a unique outlook on the use of FGCMs to support the SCP decisional process by detailing and accounting for the influence of organizational culture. This is done through the development of a novel matrix that allows for visual management and benchmarking.
Board gender diversity and voluntary disclosure: moderation of family ownership in India
Authors: Saha Rupjyoti , Maji Santi Gopal
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Given the dominance of family ownership in India, this paper aims to examine whether the impact of board gender diversity (BGD) on voluntary disclosure (VD) is moderated by family ownership.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a panel data set of the top 100 listed Indian firms for five years, this study examines the impact of BGD on VD by segregating the sample between family-owned and nonfamily firms. For empirical analysis, we use appropriate panel data models. For robustness, we employ a three-stage least square (3SLS) model.

Findings

The findings reveal the significant positive impact of BGD in terms of its different measures on VD for family and nonfamily firms. However, the impact becomes insignificant for nonfamily-owned firms when female directors are not substantially represented on the board.

Originality/value

This study extends the ongoing debate about the outcomes of the mandatory gender quota on board by providing novel evidence on the difference between the impact of BGD on VD for family and nonfamily firms in the Indian context.
Do foreign direct investment and foreign aid accelerate economic growth in developing countries?
Authors: Choi Yong-Jae , Kim Seung-Nyeon
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to study the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and official development assistance (ODA) on the economic growth of developing countries. This paper classifies sample countries into two groups (low- and high-income developing countries) based on income level and investigates whether the two sources of foreign capital have different effects on the economic development of each subgroup of countries.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors analyze panel data on 93 countries from 1981 to 2020 using a two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimation. The 2SLS method is used to overcome the endogeneity problem between economic growth and FDI. The sources of the data are World Bank and OECD.

Findings

First, FDI inflows tend to accelerate per capita GDP growth in both total sample countries and within both groups of countries. Second, ODA has a significant impact on per capita GDP growth only for low-income developing countries. This result indicates that ODA seems to be particularly important for low-income developing countries.

Practical implications

This paper suggests policy implications that low-income developing countries should create an environment for more ODA funds to flow into themselves with efforts such as improving the credibility and effectiveness of the government related to ODA programs. It also provides implications for donors of ODA to focus their ODA resources on low-income developing countries to more effectively achieve the goal of helping developing countries’ economic growth.

Originality/value

This paper investigates whether FDI and ODA have different effects on the economic development of low- and high-income developing countries. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this point is not addressed in existing studies.
Hazing by infantilising and denying newcomers a voice – nuancing the negative consequences
Authors: Kristensen Anette Kaagaard , Kristensen Martin Lund , Holen Mari
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to nuance the understanding of hazing’s negative impact on newcomers.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through a qualitative interview study of recently employed nurses’ (n = 19) and nursing students’ (n = 42) hazing experiences and analysed through reflexive thematic coding.

Findings

The analysis uncovered two themes relating to hazing’s normative harm on newcomers’ professional self-image: “Being denied a voice” and “Being infantilised.”

Originality/value

This paper challenges the two-dimensional challenge-hindrance framework for elucidating the individual consequences of hazing and suggests adding threat stressors.
Unveiling the dynamic nexus between corporate social responsibility, innovations and financial performances in 21st-century Indian start-ups
Authors: Malpani Rashi , Baral Manish Mohan , Panigrahi Rashmi Ranjan , Chittipaka Venkataiah
Published: June 2024

Purpose

With the rapid rise in the number of start-ups, corporate social responsibility (CSR) can principally contribute to the nation’s socioeconomic development, making it more critical. This study aims to explore the effect of sustainability practices on a firm’s performance with competitive advantage (CA) and innovation (INN) as the mediating variable.

Design/methodology/approach

An exhaustive literature review was done to identify the constructs relationship for this study, and a questionnaire was used to gather the data from the start-up owners. In total, 400 samples were received, and partial least squares structural equation modeling was used for testing and validating the proposed hypotheses.

Findings

CSR and financial performance (FP) have a significant relationship. According to this study’s findings, innovation and CA substantially mediate the relationship between a firm’s FP and CSR. This study will highlight how CSR practices stimulate organizational creativity, problem-solving and strategic thinking. It will also demonstrate how CSR can foster a culture of innovation that generates long-term value and positively impacts FP.

Practical implications

It will aid in improving the knowledge of start-up owners that CSR is more than just pure altruism or philanthropy; instead, it must be promoted strategically as an investment that boosts productivity and creativity while also bringing overall financial benefits to the company. It will ultimately enhance the start-ups’ ability to improve the economy and society. Furthermore, this study holds the potential to inform policy discussions and recommendations for fostering responsible business practices in the Indian start-up ecosystem. Policymakers can benefit from insights into how regulations and incentives can be designed to encourage start-ups to adopt CSR practices that not only fulfill legal obligations but also contribute to their CA and FP.

Originality/value

This study provides empirical validity to establish linkages between sustainability measures on the FP concerning start-ups that were not considered in the prior studies. Identifying the current conceptual framework and CA and Innovation as the two major factors influencing CSR in Indian enterprises is a novel contribution. This study aims to fill the research gap. By unravelling the intricate dynamics between CSR, FP and CA, the research contributes to the understanding of how start-ups can navigate the complex interplay of social responsibility and business success in the Indian context.
The impact of blockchain on Brazilian public procurement processes from the perspective of transaction costs: scenarios as perceived by experts
Authors: Andrade Guilherme Paulo , Abreu Júlio César Andrade de , Santos Ruan Carlos dos
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the impacts of a blockchain network implementation to support purchasing processes of a Brazilian public organization.

Design/methodology/approach

The Grumbach method was used to build the scenarios. Five experts with knowledge in blockchain and experience in public procurement were consulted on 20 possible preliminary events, defining their probability of occurrence and relevance. The data obtained were processed in Puma software, which returned a selection of ten definitive events, based on probability, relevance and standard deviation indicators, generating a map of prospective scenarios.

Findings

Three following scenarios are shown, the ideal scenario, the one with greater implantation benefits and fewer complications; the trend scenario, more likely to occur under current conditions; and the most likely scenario of occurrence, according to experts. The results indicated which simulated events are drivers (motives), and which are influenced (dependent). They were categorized as opportunities or threats to the deployment of the technology.

Research limitations/implications

Although public procurement processes are standardized by Brazilian legislation, new events may arise from the replication of the model in different organizations. The research revealed the need for practical testing in a simulated public procurement environment.

Originality/value

The article explores the interaction between disruptive network technology and processes linked to public sector efficiency. Studies on electronic government point to the future of public management.
Top managers' media selection and interaction goals in e-leadership
Authors: Salin Lotta , Koponen Jonna
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Drawing on media richness theory and a framework of interpersonal communication goals, this study investigates how and why the IT industry's top managers use communication media to achieve their interaction goals in e-leadership.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative research approach is applied to understand top managers' communication media use and interaction goals. The empirical data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 33 top managers from large IT companies and analysed using theory-guided thematic and ideal-type analyses.

Findings

Top managers were categorized into three types, based on their communication goals through face-to-face communication. Relationship-oriented top managers pursued relational and communal goals, whereas task-oriented ones wished to achieve instrumental and communal goals. Task- and relationship-oriented top managers pursued relational, instrumental, and communal goals. This study indicates that communal, instrumental, relational, and self-presentational goals influence managers' communication media selection.

Originality/value

This study brings new knowledge to the management communication research field. It expands the framework of interpersonal communication goals by identifying communal goals as a new category, in addition to existing instrumental, relational and self-presentational goals. This study suggests that media richness theory could be advanced by recognizing that a broader set of communication goals – including communal, instrumental, relational, and self-presentational – influences managers' communication media selection.
Donors’ intentions to use crowdfunding-based waqf model in Kuwait: application of unified theory on acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model
Authors: Al-Daihani Meshari , Che Abdullah Ahmad Sufian , Madun Azian
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the factors that affect individuals’ intentions of participating in waqf-based crowdfunding model in Kuwait.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model. The data were collected by online questionnaire survey based on 419 donors in waqf institutions in Kuwait. The data were analysed using the partial least squares structural equation modelling technique.

Findings

The results illustrate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating condition positively affect behavioural intention towards waqf-based crowdfunding projects.

Practical implications

The paper presents an alternative source for waqf institutions to raise capital to develop waqf assets in majority and minority Muslim countries. The findings of this study hold significant implications for government officials and policymakers.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to explore waqf crowdfunding in Kuwait using the UTAUT model. There needs to be more research on waqf-giving behaviour in Kuwait, particularly concerning crowdfunding, which has become more popular recently. Thus, this paper aims to address this gap and contribute new insights to the field.
Networking for the turnaround of an underperforming school: understanding the role of multiple external providers in China
Authors: Tao Yuan
Published: June 2024

Purpose

While recognizing networking as a powerful means of school turnaround, most studies focus on governments’ and schools’ roles in promoting collaborative turnaround rather than the complexity of external providers and their behaviors. This study explores multiple external providers’ complex roles in networked school turnaround.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employed a qualitative case study approach and collected data through document analysis, observation and interviews in a Shanghai public junior secondary school’s turnaround network.

Findings

This study revealed three patterns in external providers’ interactions with the school (direction leader, solution supplier and method instructor) corresponding to three types of external providers (universities, private enterprises and public institutions). While providing support at different levels (i.e. macro, meso and micro), different external providers shared common strategies for addressing policy requirements and school needs and co-constructing turnaround strategies.

Originality/value

This study offers new insights into external providers’ supporting roles in Chinese school turnaround and expands the scant international knowledge base on external providers in educational improvement.
Perceptual variables and intentions to start-up: a stochastic frontier analysis
Authors: Matricano Diego
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The objective of this paper is to advance research concerning the factors affecting the intentions to start-up. In this vein, scholars are more and more interested in perceptual variables, i.e. subjective perceptions that may affect individuals’ intentions to start-up. These can have an internal locus of control (PVIs), if they depend on personal cognitive styles, or an external locus of control (PVEs), if they depend on how individuals perceive environmental stimuli. Usually, scholars investigate them at a micro-level of analysis, by focusing on individuals in a country. Instead, this paper adopts a macro-level analysis. Thus, the research question at the basis of this paper is: whether the impact of perceptual variables (with an internal or external locus of control) on the intentions to start-up varies across countries.

Design/methodology/approach

Stochastic frontier analyses – SFAs are carried out since they allow disentangling technical and random inefficiencies and comparing statistical results. SFAs are based on data retrieved from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor – GEM website and refer to PIGS (Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Spain) and BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) countries where entrepreneurship is a vibrant phenomenon, but cultural and economic differences are manifest.

Findings

Concerning the drivers of entrepreneurship, achieved results reveal that some differences exist across PIGS and BRICs countries, but they cannot be generalized so easily.

Originality/value

This paper reveals its originality in reference to the classification of the variables, the macro-level of analysis, and the results that – at the same time – are in line with previous ones, but also offer new insights about perceptual variables in entrepreneurship and – at a wider extent – about the drivers of entrepreneurship.
Management innovation, digital capacity and enterprise innovation performance
Authors: Li Ruida , Yuan Ling , Jiang Zhuoying
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are key players in economic activities. Yet little research focuses on their management innovation’s effect on innovation performance, this paper explores the impact of three sub-dimensions of management innovation (new organizational structure, new processes and new practices) on innovation performance (innovation outcome performance and innovation process performance) of SMEs in the manufacturing industry. It elucidates the mediating role of external knowledge search (search depth and search breadth) and identifies the moderating effect of digital capability.

Design/methodology/approach

By collecting primary data through a questionnaire survey, this paper employs Mplus and SPSS to analyze data.

Findings

This paper finds that management innovation positively affects innovation performance, with a greater impact on innovation outcome performance. Search breadth partially mediates the relationship between new organizational structure and innovation performance. Digital capability positively moderates the positive relationship between management innovation and external knowledge search.

Originality/value

The theoretical contribution of this study is to supplement the research on the consequences of management innovation and to improve the theoretical relationship between management innovation and external knowledge search based on firm behavior theory.
A plate containing a central rectangular hole made of PMMA resin and reinforced with graphene particles: low-velocity impact analysis
Authors: Al-Kasob Bashar Dheyaa Hussein , Jasim Manar Hamid
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Due to the important and extensive use of graphene in the engineering structures, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the low-velocity impact (LVI) response of a graphene-reinforced plate with a rectangular central hole.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, Halpin-Tsai theory is used to model the mechanical properties of the plate made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin and graphene particles. First, the plate displacement field is presented, and then the strains and stresses are obtained. The motion equations are extracted using energy equations, Ritz method and generalized Lagrange equations. The verification of theoretical formulation shall be carried out using the ABAQUS finite element software suite.

Findings

The effects of graphene volume fraction, approaching the impact point to the corner of the rectangular plate, and different boundary conditions of the plate are studied for LVI of impactor with spherical tip on the rectangular central hole reinforced by graphene. Important responses of the impact, such as the contact force between the impactor and the plate as well as the displacement of the plate at the impact place, are investigated and analyzed in this research.

Originality/value

Considering the wide application of graphene in the engineering structures, the simulation of the LVI on the graphene-reinforced plate made of PMMA resin with a rectangular central hole is carried out in this paper using numerical and theoretical modeling.