bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sediment Trapping by Emerged Channel Bars in the Lowermost Mississippi River during a Major Flood
Authors: Wang Bo , Xu Y.
Published: November 2015

The formation of channel bars has been recognized as the most significant sediment response to the highly trained Mississippi River (MR). However, no quantitative study exists on the dynamics of emerged channel bars and associated sediment accumulation in the last 500-kilometer reach of the MR from the Gulf of Mexico outlet, also known as the lowermost Mississippi River. Such knowledge is especially critical for riverine sediment management to impede coastal land loss in the Mississippi River Delta. In this study, we utilized a series of satellite images taken from August 2010 to January 2012 to assess the changes in surface area and volume of three large emerged channel bars in the lowermost MR following an unprecedented spring flood in 2011. River stage data were collected to develop a rating curve of surface areas detected by satellite images with flow conditions for each of the three bars. A uniform geometry associated with the areal change was assumed to estimate the bar volume changes. Our study reveals that the 2011 spring flood increased the surface area of the bars by 3.5% to 11.1%, resulting in a total surface increase of 7.3%, or 424,000 m2. Based on the surface area change, we estimated a total bar volume increase of 4.4%, or 1,219,900 m3. This volume increase would be equivalent to a sediment trapping of approximately 1.0 million metric tons, assuming a sediment bulk density of 1.2 metric tons per cubic meter. This large quantity of sediment is likely an underestimation because of the neglect of subaqueous bar area change and the assumption of a uniform geometry in volume estimation. Nonetheless, the results imply that channel bars in the lowermost MR are capable of capturing a substantial amount of sediment during floods, and that a thorough assessment of their long-term change can provide important insights into sediment trapping in the lowermost MR as well as the feasibility of proposed river sediment diversions.
Impacts of Climate Change on the Hydrological Regime of the Danube River and Its Tributaries Using an Ensemble of Climate Scenarios
Authors: Stagl Judith , Hattermann Fred
Published: November 2015

Information about the potential impacts of climate change on river runoff is needed to prepare efficient adaptation strategies. This study presents scenario projections for the future hydrological runoff regime in the Danube River Basin. The eco-hydrological watershed model Soil and Water Integrated Model (SWIM) was applied for the entire Danube River catchment, considering 1224 subbasins. After calibration and validation of the model, a set of high-resolution climate projections (bias-corrected and non-bias-corrected) served as meteorological drivers with which future daily river discharge under different climate warming scenario conditions was simulated. Despite existing uncertainties, robust trends could be identified. In the next 30 years, the seasonal stream-flow regime of the Danube and its tributaries is projected to change considerably. Our results show a general trend towards a decrease in summer runoff for the whole Danube basin and, additionally, in autumn runoff for the Middle and Lower Danube basin, aggravating the existing low flow periods. For the winter and early spring seasons, mainly January–March, an increase in river runoff is projected. Greater uncertainties show up in particular for winter runoff in the Dinaric Alps and the Lower Danube basin. The existing trends become very distinct until the end of the 21st century, especially for snow-influenced river regimes.
Le musée des Temps Barbares de Marle (Aisne) et son parc archéologique. Présentation du hameau mérovingien
Authors: Bayard Didier , Nice Alain
Published: November 2015

Das Musée des Temps Barbares in Marle (Aisne) gehört zu einem großen archäologischen Park, in dem insbesondere merowingische Siedlungen rekonstruiert werden. Nach einem ersten Experiment 1992 wurde 2004/ 2005 ein merowingischer Weiler so rekonstruiert, wie er bei den Ausgrabungen in Juvincourt-et-Damary entdeckt wurde. Präsentiert werden die wichtigsten identifizierten Gebäude und die Prinzipien, die bei deren Rekonstruktion vorgewogen haben.
Le site du "Chemin de Croix", un habitat du haut Moyen Âge aux abords de la villa royale d’Athies (Somme)
Authors: Harnay Véronique
Published: November 2015

In 1998, in the context of the A29 Amiens to Saint-Quentin motorway construction, a preventive excavation was undertaken at Athies, a village in the département of the Somme, situated between Amiens and Saint-Quentin in the west part of the Vermandois. Several literary sources, among which the Lives of St Radegonde, mention the existence there of a royal villa in the 6th century.

More than 1300 structures have been excavated. It has been possible to discern two main periods (6th-7th and 8th-9th centuries).

The section of the “ Chemin de Croix” site examined was established in the early Merovingian Period, at the very beginning of the 6th century. There is a clear connection between the dates of the establishment of the site and those commonly received for the Merovingian palace. Though the internal organization of the “ hamlet” is clear, at least in part, no real link could be established between our site and the heart of the village, where tradition locates the royal villa. The various structures found on the site show no original characteristics in comparison with what is known about other sites of the same period. On the other hand, the interest of the site lies in its unusual organization. The main part of the settlement is contained in a roughly oval-shaped “ enclosure”, while the other parts are distributed, in the west and south-west, into more regular rectangular plots of land. The inside of the enclosure is itself subdivided into 8 “ units” by ditches and fences. Several buildings, some ten ovens, about twenty pits, and the same number of “ pit dwellings”, and silos, plus one well, are scattered throughout the excavated area. During the second period, in the 8th-9th centuries, the spatial organization moves towards a less compartmentalized site. Only 4 spatial units are now discernable. The oval enclosure is no longer the limit of the settlement to the east, but a part of the ditch is still in use as a boundary to the west. To the north and the east, the area seems to be open, but not more densely occupied than before. It appears clearly that there is an internal organization, but less significant than in the previous period, with more open space. The excavated part reveals one or two houses, five out-buildings, about thirty pits, two “ pit dwellings”, seventeen silos, eight ovens and four ponds refilled at the end of the occupancy. The organization of this settlement, while conforming to already known patterns, such as those of Goudelancourt-les-Pierrepont or Juvincourt-et-Damary, shows some original aspects. The various archaeological units identified on the site may correspond to two or three farming units. We can assume that Athies is more likely to belong to the polynuclear type than to a centralized type, but we cannot be absolutely sure, as we have no information on the south part of the site.
Fonction des « grosses perles de ceinture », éléments de parure ou objets fonctionnels
Authors: Rajade Aliénor
Published: November 2015

Des grosses perles en verre dont la fonction pose question sont régulièrement découvertes dans des sépultures du nord de la Gaule, datées majoritairement du premier quart du VIe siècle (Mérovingien Ancien 1/ MA1). Ces perles, de type bien distinct (Legoux 50 ou 51), sont trouvées généralement au niveau des membres inférieurs dans des sépultures féminines. Les archéologues leur attribuent le plus souvent une fonction de terminaison de cordelière. Il demeure l’hypothèse ancienne de fusaïole luxueuse ou prophylactique ou de pendentif d’épée dans les rares cas de dépôts des sépultures masculines. Les trois hypothèses sont commentées et validées dans cette étude. Un protocole d’archéologie expérimentale, complété d’une étude tracéologique, démontre que l’utilisation des grosses perles comme fusaïole est hautement probable et que l’hypothèse selon laquelle ces perles étaient suspendues n’est pas incompatible avec celle d’un fuseau accroché depuis la ceinture puisqu’on

retrouve d’autres objets suspendus comme des couteaux, des clés, des forces qui sont à la fois fonctionnels et symboliques du statut social de la défunte.
Réduction expérimentale de minerai de fer francilien
Authors: Jagou Benjamin
Published: November 2015

Les recherches métallurgiques du premier Moyen âge pour la région Île-de-France et la découverte de minerai francilien nous ont poussé à réaliser une expérimentation de production de fer brut par le procédé direct. Cette expérimentation a eu lieu en décembre 2008 sur le site du château d’Orville à Louvres (Val-d’Oise).
Scaling-up NLP Pipelines to Process Large Corpora of Clinical Notes
Authors: Carter M. , Redd A. , Zeng Q. , Gupta K. , Trautner B. , Samore M. , Gundlapalli A. , Divita G.
Published: November 2015

Introduction: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on “Big Data and Analytics in Healthcare”.

Objectives: This paper describes the scale-up efforts at the VA Salt Lake City Health Care System to address processing large corpora of clinical notes through a natural language processing (NLP) pipeline. The use case described is a current project focused on detecting the presence of an indwelling uri-nary catheter in hospitalized patients and subsequent catheter-associated urinary tract infections.

Methods: An NLP algorithm using v3NLP was developed to detect the presence of an indwelling urinary catheter in hospitalized patients. The algorithm was tested on a small corpus of notes on patients for whom the presence or absence of a catheter was already known (reference standard). In planning for a scale-up, we estimated that the original algorithm would have taken 2.4 days to run on a larger corpus of notes for this project (550,000 notes), and 27 days for a corpus of 6 million records representative of a national sample of notes. We approached scaling-up NLP pipelines through three techniques: pipeline replication via multi-threading, intra-annotator threading for tasks that can be further decomposed, and remote annotator services which enable annotator scale-out.

Results: The scale-up resulted in reducing the average time to process a record from 206 milliseconds to 17 milliseconds or a 12-fold increase in performance when applied to a corpus of 550,000 notes.

Conclusions: Purposely simplistic in nature, these scale-up efforts are the straight forward evolution from small scale NLP processing to larger scale extraction without incurring associated complexities that are inherited by the use of the underlying UIMA framework. These efforts represent generalizable and widely applicable techniques that will aid other computationally complex NLP pipelines that are of need to be scaled out for processing and analyzing big data.
These are a Few of My Favorite Things: The Search for Authenticity in Sound of Music Tourism
Authors: Patkin Terri Toles
Published: November 2015

The tension between the physical and the virtual is explored in the context of the quest for authenticity in tourism through the autoethnographic description of a participant on The Sound of Music bus tour in Salzburg. The tour demonstrates multiple interpretations of the contested
concept of authenticity simultaneously including objective and subjective authenticity, staged authenticity, emergent authenticity, hyperreality, and existential authenticity, despite the tour operators' framing of the trip almost entirely in objectivist terms. As participants cross the boundary
between lived and mediated experience, the juxtaposition of authentic and inauthentic reveals itself in the tourist's parasocial relationship with the characters in the movie.
Reversing Visitor Harassment Through Deliberate Intelligence Building Strategies
Authors: Nicely Annmarie
Published: November 2015

The goal of the article was to use learning theories to highlight strategies likely to have a significant positive impact on small independent traders' long-term acquisition of nonaggressive selling behaviors. The work of approximately 300 learning scholars was reviewed. The results
of an observational study on Jamaican craft markets were also reported. It was hypothesized that for small traders to acquire nonaggressive selling behaviors, over the long term, they must have significant intelligence in both effective microtrade and self-management and such intelligence
can be effectively built through the use of special instructional methodologies like cooperative learning, dialoging, and critiquing. Also, their acquisition of critical knowledge on microtrade would likely improve if they are provided with trading spaces that are open, comfortable, safe,
and busy, as well as with a knowledge repository that collects and disseminates the latest information on microtrade from and to their communities, respectively. The article has implications for both how governments and their affiliates manage small traders' learning at tourist destinations
and the direction of future visitor harassment research.
Managing Heritage Tourism in the Decapolis Sites of Jordan: Planning Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Ababneh Abdelkader
Published: November 2015

Heritage tourism in Jordanian archeological sites experiences a wide range of problems, and current planning does not address all the difficulties in an adequate manner or in an equal depth. The primary goal of this article is to gain a better idea about present heritage tourism management
in the Decapolis sites in Jordan. The article describes how heritage sites and heritage tourism are suffering chronic problems despite their valuable potential to offer heritage values within the framework of heritage tourism. In addition, the article is concerned with analyzing the main challenges
that site operators have to face and how they can be overcome. The main questions that this article seeks to address are: 1) What are the proper approaches to heritage tourism planning at the site as well as its immediate surroundings? 2) What are the motives behind their nomination in the
tentative list of World Heritage? In order to find answers to the research questions, the research on the three cases has focused on two main sources of evidence: on-site interviews and direct observation supported by documentation review. The article concludes that heritage tourism in the
sites being investigated lacks a systematic integrated planning. Therefore, it is recommended that continuous comprehensive planning that views heritage and tourism from different perspectives be considered when developing any cultural heritage tourism project. The value of this article lies
in the fact that it seeks to contribute to the sparse investigated heritage tourism management for archeological sites of the Decapolis cities.
Isolation of nuclear microsatellite markers for Cyperus fuscus (Cyperaceae)
Authors: Böckelmann Jörg , Wieser David , Tremetsberger Karin , Šumberová Kateřina , Bernhardt Karl‐Georg
Published: November 2015

Premise of the study:

Microsatellite markers were characterized in the extremely specialized ephemeral wetland plant species Cyperus fuscus (Cyperaceae). The markers will be used for studying population genetics in natural vs. anthropogenic habitats, on a European scale, and the role of the soil seed bank in the life cycle of this ephemeral species.

Methods and Results:

Twenty‐one microsatellite loci were established and scored in two populations, with mean number of alleles of 2.6 and 2.9 and mean expected heterozygosity of 0.405 and 0.470, respectively. Forty‐four additional loci with the number of alleles ranging from one to four (mean = 2.1) were successfully amplified in seven individuals.

Conclusions:

The novel microsatellite markers will be useful for studying the genetic structure of populations of this ephemeral plant as well as their seed bank.
Copper-mediated synthesis of N-alkenyl-α,β-unsaturated nitrones and their conversion to tri- and tetrasubstituted pyridines
Authors: Kontokosta Dimitra , Mueller Daniel S , Mo Dong-Liang , Pace Wiktoria H , Simpson Rachel A , Anderson Laura L
Published: November 2015

A Chan–Lam reaction has been used to prepare N-alkenyl-α,β-unsaturated nitrones, which undergo a subsequent thermal rearrangement to the corresponding tri- and tetrasubstituted pyridines. The optimization and scope of these transformations is discussed. Initial mechanistic experiments suggest a reaction pathway involving oxygen transfer followed by cyclization.
Adsorbentų, naudojamų paviršinėms nuotekoms valyti, apžvalga
Authors: Agintas Andrius , Valentukevičienė Marina
Published: November 2015

Į gamtinę aplinką su nepakankamai išvalytomis paviršinėmis nuotekomis patenka tokie teršalai, kaip sunkieji metalai, naftos produktai, skendinčios medžiagos ir kiti teršalai. Paviršinės nuotekos yra vienas iš pagrindinių ežerų, upių, vandens telkinių taršos šaltinių. Paviršinės nuotekos turi būti valomos ne tik įprastiniais metodais, bet ir taikant adsorbcijos procesus. Adsorbentai gali būti gamtiniai organiniai, gamtiniai neorganiniai ir sintetiniai. Siekiant tinkamai naudoti, svarbu žinoti pagrindines adsorbentų savybes, utilizavimo būdus, paviršinių nuotekų pritekėjimo intensyvumą, kiekį ir užterštumą. Labai svarbu gerai išvalyti paviršines nuotekas pirminio mechaninio valymo metu, kitaip adsorbentas veiks kaip mechaninis filtras.
Hidraulinis slėginės nuotekų linijos modeliavimas
Authors: Baltrukėnas Karolis , Misiūnas Dalius
Published: November 2015

Vandens paskirstymo sistemų modeliavimas naudojant kompiuterį yra patikima, efektyvi ir saugi technologija, padedanti imituoti ir analizuoti sistemos veikimą esant plačiam hidraulinių sąlygų diapazonui. Straipsnyje aprašomas hidraulinių sąlygų identifikavimas realioje slėginėje nuotekų linijoje nuo siurblinės „X“ iki slėgio slopinimo kameros. Renovavus slėginę nuotekų liniją buvo pastebėtas avarijų dažnėjimas. Taikant modelį atlikti skaičiavimai ir identifikuotos hidraulinės sąlygos būdinguosiuose slėginės linijos taškuose. Identifikuotas ir aptartas hidraulinių smūgių poveikis vamzdynui.
Gyvenamųjų ir darbo patalpų aplinkos oro sąlygų vertinimo kokybiškumo ir tikslumo tyrimas naudojant plačiai metrologijoje taikomus termoanemometrus
Authors: Bertašienė Agnė
Published: November 2015

Oras, esantis gyvenamosiose ir biuro patalpose, naudojamas veikiant įvairiems faktoriams, priklausomai nuo patalpų paskirties. Negrynas oras tampa kenksmingas ar net pavojingas gyventojams, pastatų konstrukcijai ir įrangai. Todėl reikia užtikrinti nuolatinį oro cirkuliavimą. Šio darbo tikslas – parodyti, kad oro srauto savybių tyrimams reikia ne tik tinkamų matavimo priemonių, norint įvertinti srauto tėkmės parametrus, bet ir ypatingą dėmesį skirti detaliam mikroaplinkos (oro judėjimo ir jo pasiskirstymo, pulsacijų, temperatūros ir drėgmės kitimo) tyrimui, prietaisų tiksluminėms charakteristikoms ir jų naudojimo sąlygų nustatytų reikalavimų atitikčiai.
Geoterminės energijos panaudojimo galimybių analizė
Authors: Blažys Aidas , Urbonas Petras
Published: November 2015

Žemės energija naudojama labai įvairiai, nes šis „nepriklausomas“ energijos šaltinis yra neišsenkantis, nekenkia aplinkai, jam nebūtina kuro saugojimo aikštelė, įrenginiai nereikalauja didelės priežiūros. Pastaruoju metu vis plačiau diskutuojant apie poreikį skatinti vietinių, atsinaujinančių ir atliekų energijos išteklių, tarp jų ir geoterminių, naudojimą, sukurta palanki politinė terpė šiai sričiai plėtoti, didėja gyventojų ir verslininkų susidomėjimas alternatyviaisiais energijos tiekimo būdais, tačiau konkrečių veiksmų šiose srityje pasigendama iki šiol.
Įvadinių vandens skaitiklių metrologinių charakteristikų tyrimas esant pereinamiesiems tekėjimo režimams
Authors: Briliūtė Inga , Maslauskas Eugenijus
Published: November 2015

Šio tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti, kokią įtaką įvadiniams vandens skaitikliams turi pereinamieji tekėjimo režimai. Tirti keturių konstrukcinių tipų mechaniniai įvadiniai vandens skaitikliai, kurių vardinis našumas Q = 10 m3/h. Didžiausią papildomą tūrį 0,12–0,26 % esant 0,2–2 m3/h debitui užregistravo viensrautis sparnelinis vandens skaitiklis. Koncentrinio daugiasraučio skaitiklio užregistruotas mažesnis papildomas tūris – 0,06–0,13 %. Mažiausiai pereinamųjų tekėjimo režimų įtaka pasireiškė turbininiam skaitikliui – 0,1 % esant visoms tikrintoms debito reikšmėms. Tuo tarpu tūriniam vandens skaitikliui ši įtaka beveik nebuvo juntama.
Realus šilumos siurblio sezoninis energijos transformacijos koeficientas
Authors: Jonynas Rolandas , Valančius Rokas , Šuksteris Vykintas
Published: November 2015

Žemo potencialo energijos (žemės, vandens, oro) naudojimas pastatams šildyti ir karštam vandeniui ruošti – labai aktualus šių dienų klausimas. Tyrimo objektu pasirinktas individualus gyvenamasis namas Kauno rajone. Pastatas yra vieno aukšto,140 m2 šildomo ploto, 180 m2 bendro ploto. Tyrimas buvo atliekamas tiesioginio matavimo metodu, naudojant apskaitos prietaisus. Pastatui šildyti ir karštam vandeniui ruošti suprojektuotas ir įrengtas dirva/vanduo tipo šilumos siurblys, kurio deklaruojama šiluminė galia, esant grindų šildymo sistemai (veikiančiai 35/25 °C režimu), yra 11 kW, elektrinė galia – 2,45 kW. Tiriamojo objekto šilumos siurblio realus sezoninis (20 mėnesių) transformacijos koeficientas (SPF) yra 3,02, o pagaminta 1 kWh šiluminės energijos kainuoja 10,6 ct (vertinant pagal 2009 m. dviejų laiko zonų tarifą ir elektrinių viryklių elektros energijos kainas).
Mažų nuotekų valyklų aeravimo sistemų efektyvumo tyrimas
Authors: Sokolova Ala
Published: November 2015

Didelė dalis visų mažų biologinio nuotekų valymo įrenginių neužtikrina reikiamų nuotekų išvalymo rodiklių. Viena iš priežasčių galėtų būti netinkamas aeravimo sistemos parinkimas. Todėl šio tyrimo tikslas – ištirti dviejų aeratorių, naudojamų Lietuvoje mažose nuotekų valyklose, darbą ir palyginti ištirpinto deguonies kiekį su reikiamu ištirpinti deguonies kiekiu, apskaičiuotu teoriškai. Per tyrimą buvo nustatyta, kad nei vienas, nei kitas aeratorius netiekia biologinio valymo procesui reikalingo deguonies kiekio.
Šilumos tiekimo tinklų būklės įvertinimas, panaudojant vamzdynų trūkimų statistinius duomenis
Authors: Ūselis Adomas , Rogoža Artur
Published: November 2015

Dėl skirtingo amžiaus, klojimo metų, taip pat dėl montavimo darbų ir naudojimo sąlygų vamzdynų būklė Lietuvoje labai skiriasi. Vamzdynų būklę ir naudojimo kokybę iš dalies galima vertinti, taikant priežiūros efektyvumo koeficientą. Didžiausio avaringumo balo metodas gali būti taikomas, planuojant vamzdynų renovaciją ir naudojimą, tačiau šiuo tikslu apie vamzdynus turi būti tvarkingai ir sistemingai kaupiama informacija, nurodant trūkimus. Darbuotojai, turi būti specialiai mokomi ir kontroliuojami, kad teiktų teisingą informaciją.
Vandens augalų naudojimas paviršinėms nuotekoms valyti
Authors: Varneckaitė Lina , Vinciūnas Vaidas , Misiūnas Dalius
Published: November 2015

Akumuliacinėse talpose ar tvenkiniuose dažniausiai sulaikomos tik neištirpusios skendinčios medžiagos, o naudojant augalus gali būti sulaikomi ir vandens paviršiuje plūduriuojantys, ir ištirpę teršalai. Priklausomai nuo teršalų rūšies ir siekiamo tikslo, naudojamos įvairios vandens augalų rūšys. Naudojami augalai, kurių šaknys įaugę į gruntą, taip pat ir plūdrus augalai, pasiskirstę vandens paviršiuje. Atsižvelgiant į augalų naudojimo galimybes, kuriamos įvairios paviršinių nuotekų valymo technologinės schemos. Viena naujausių – plaukiojančių salų technologija. Tai paprastas, pigus ir natūralus būdas pašalinti smulkiąsias daleles ir ištirpusius teršalus.
Les immigrants sénégalais et l’épargne : une économie domestique multi-située face aux institutions financières françaises
Authors: Dia Hamidou , Lacan Laure
Published: November 2015

Le propos ici est de montrer, à partir d’une enquête ethnographique au long cours, comment des immigrants sénégalais, inscrits dans plusieurs univers de sens et d’appartenance, en viennent à développer des relations financières parfois conflictuelles et empreintes d’incompréhensions mutuelles avec les banques françaises. Il s’agit de lever le voile sur certains usages des institutions financières et sur certaines pratiques d’épargne dont l’intelligibilité dépasse les seules normes édictées dans le pays d’installation. Pour cela, il convient de déconstruire les idées reçues sur les ressources des migrants dont les positions de classe ne peuvent être définies à partir des seuls critères de la France.
Les particuliers, les banques et la confiance : un cas d’étude en Italie
Authors: Moiso Valentina
Published: November 2015

Cette étude ethnographique présente les résultats d’une enquête menée dans deux banques italiennes sur l’influence des conseillers bancaires sur les ménages endettés. Le matériel a été collecté lors de 73 entretiens conduits auprès de détenteurs de prêts immobiliers à taux variables et de leurs conseillers bancaires. L’objectif est de décrire quels ont été les choix et les motivations des emprunteurs lorsque le montant de leurs mensualités de remboursement a grimpé en flèche au moment de la crise financière de 2008. Les éléments recueillis durant l’enquête montrent quelques-uns des moyens par lesquels les banques influencent les clients et reconfigurent les ressources disponibles pour les familles, ainsi que les instruments qu’elles peuvent utiliser, facteur nouveau et crucial d'inégalités dans la société contemporaine.
Comment les salariés suédois sont devenus des consommateurs de produits financiers : l’expérience des « comptes chèques salariaux » dans les années 1950 et 1960
Authors: Husz Orsi , Bouyssou Rachel
Published: November 2015

Dans la seconde moitié des années 1950, les banques commerciales suédoises ont offert aux employeurs de gérer leur service de paie et ouvert des comptes chèques aux employés et aux ouvriers. En une décennie, les salariés sont devenus des consommateurs de services financiers, et les établissements bancaires – jusque-là augustes institutions au service exclusif des entreprises et des riches particuliers –, des débitants de produits grand public. Les problèmes culturels soulevés par la bancarisation précoce de la société suédoise sont étudiés ici à travers le cas de ces « comptes chèques salariaux ». La fabrication et le contrôle de nouveaux sujets financiers ont été rendus possibles, au début, par des techniques et des discours enracinés dans des valeurs traditionnelles et des identités de classe, autrement dit collectives : l’identité de salarié a joué un rôle essentiel dans la financiarisation de la vie quotidienne. Les nouveaux sujets financiers ont été créés dans un mouvement de va-et-vient entre ces vieilles identités et les modèles imaginés pour les nouvelles. Le cas suédois révèle par ailleurs qu’il faut reculer de plusieurs années, par rapport aux évaluations habituelles, la datation de la financiarisation de la vie quotidienne en Europe.
«Armé de la pensée de Mao Tsé-toung, on peut résoudre tous les problèmes» l’influence de la Révolution culturelle sur les relations entre la Suisse et la République populaire de Chine
Authors: Knüsel Ariane
Published: November 2015

R ésumé . – Cet article analyse l’influence de la Révolution culturelle prolétarienne sur les relations entre la Suisse et la République populaire de Chine (RPC) en 1966 et 1967. Il montre que des concepts tels que la neutralité et la défense nationale spirituelle ( geistige Landesverteidigung ) dans le cas de la Suisse et, dans le cas de la Chine, celui de la « révolution continue » et le discours sur l’humiliation nationale, ont eu un impact énorme sur les relations bilatérales. Pour le démontrer, l’article se concentre sur trois études de cas. Premièrement, la façon dont les diplomates suisses à Pékin ont été traités par les Gardes rouges et les fonctionnaires chinois en 1966. Deuxièmement, les tensions graves causées par l’attitude de la Suisse dans la crise tibétaine, en particulier la décision des autorités fédérales d’autoriser l’immigration de cinq lamas tibétains en 1967. Et finalement, l’augmentation massive des activités subversives chinoises en Suisse pendant la Révolution culturelle et les efforts des Suisses pour découvrir les réseaux d’espionnage chinois et mettre un terme à la propagande chinoise sur leur sol.
Une coalition antiterroriste sous l’égide d’un pays neutre : la réponse suisse au terrorisme palestinien, 1969-1970
Authors: Guttmann Aviva
Published: November 2015

R ésumé . – En 1969, le gouvernement suisse est confronté au terrorisme international lors une attaque perpétrée à l’aéroport de Zurich Kloten par des membres du Front populaire pour la libération de la Palestine (FPLP). En septembre 1970, le PFLP frappe à nouveau en organisant plusieurs détournement d’avions simultanés à travers le monde. Cette attaque terroriste à grande échelle aboutit à la capture de trois cent dix passagers et a comme conséquence de concerner et d`impliquer de nombreux pays. Plus tard, cet évènement sera connu sous le nom de Skyjack Sunday . Cet article étudie les réponses des dirigeants suisses aux deux attentats, les implications concernant la neutralité helvétique et le développement d’une stratégie antiterroriste. Plus précisément, l`article trace la décision helvétique de se positionner clairement du côté de l’Occident dans la Guerre froide globale et, en ce faisant, d`abandonner les considérations liées à la neutralité.
«Où se tourner, sinon vers les pays neutres ? » Le rôle de la Suisse dans l’ouverture économique et politique de l’Égypte vers l’Occident (1969-1973)
Authors: Meister Magnus
Published: November 2015

R ésumé . – À la fin des années 1960, les relations entre l’Égypte et la Suisse se trouvent au point mort et le conflit israélo-arabe est loin d’être résolu. Dans ce contexte, la Confédération helvétique lance en direction de l’Égypte deux initiatives de politique étrangère de grande envergure au printemps de 1973. L’une est d’ordre économique, avec la conclusion d’un accord bilatéral de protection des investissements. L’autre, d’ordre politique, avec la tenue d’une conférence régionale au Caire rassemblant des ambassadeurs suisses en poste dans le monde arabe. Cet article montre que ces rapprochements reflètent une position historique privilégiée de la Suisse auprès du gouvernement égyptien, provenant entre autres de sa neutralité. Au-delà, ils marquent les prémices d’une ouverture de l’Égypte vers l’Occident, qui s’opéra de manière décisive après la guerre israélo-arabe d’octobre 1973.
Caring for Depression in Older Home Health Patients
Authors: Bruce Martha L.
Published: November 2015

Depression is common in older home health patients and increases their risk of adverse outcomes. Depression screening is required by Medicare's Outcome and Assessment Information Set. The Depression Care for Patients at Home (CAREPATH) was developed as a feasible strategy for home health nurses to manage depression in their patients. The protocol builds on nurses' existing clinical skills and is designed to fit within routine home visits. Major components include ongoing clinical assessment, care coordination, medication management, education, and goal setting. In a randomized trial, Depression CAREPATH patients had greater improvement in depressive symptoms compared to usual care. The difference between groups was significant at 3 months, growing larger and more clinically meaningful over 1 year. The intervention had no impact on patient length of stay, number of home visits, or duration of visits. Thus, nurses can play a pivotal role in the long-term course and outcomes of patients with depression. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 53
(11), 25–30.]
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A CAD/3DP PROCESS FOR TRANSTIBIAL SOCKET FABRICATION
Authors: Tzeng Ming-Ji , Hsu Lai-Hsing , Chang Shih-Hsin
Published: November 2015

This paper describes a multidisciplinary project that applied the concept of reverse engineering using computer-aided design (CAD) tools to develop a three-dimensional printing (3DP)-based prosthetic socket for transtibial amputees by combining the concepts of patellar tendon-bearing (PTB) socket design principle and total surface-bearing (TSB) socket casting method. Using contemporary tools such as a handheld 3D scanner and an entry-level 3DP machine, together with an in-house prosthetic socket design system and a stump forming device, allowed us to fabricate prosthetic sockets with a consistent quality, and to shorten the learning process time-frame to fabricate them. The results of a case study of two participants demonstrated that the proposed CAD/3DP process of fabrication of transtibial sockets can be easily applied by an unskilled prosthetist to fabricate a socket with the required quality at the first fitting.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE EFFECT OF VENOUS NEEDLE'S FLOW RATE AND ANGLE ON FLOW PARAMETERS OF A HEMODIALYSIS GRAFT
Authors: Meghdadi N. , Niroomand-Oscuii H.
Published: November 2015

Arterio-Venous grafts, which are used for hemodialysis, frequently develop intimal hyperplasia in venous anastomosis which ultimately leads to graft failure. It is observed in different studies that the wall shear stress can be correlated to intimal hyperplasia development. Although high Arterio-Venous access blood flow has been implicated in the pathogenesis of graft stenosis, the role of needle's angle and flow rate during the hemodialysis procedure are relatively unexplored. Since the flow field in the region of the venous needle may be a source of damage, in the current study, a numerical investigation of the effect of venous needle's angle and flow rate on hemodynamic parameters of the flow inside a hemodialysis graft has been carried out. Five cases of different needle angles and flow rates with graft flow rate of 500 ml/min have been investigated. Results indicate that in lower angle and lower flow rates the risk of damage is less because of lower wall shear stress and more uniform shear stress distribution on graft wall.
Inclusive education: A transformation and human rights agenda under spotlight in South Africa
Authors: Maguvhe Mbulaheni
Published: November 2015

This study investigated the progress made in the implementation of inclusive education as a transformation and human rights tool since its inception in 2001. The study was conducted upon realising that most people underestimate the transformation and human rights value that inclusive education strives to maintain. The total number of participants interviewed was 84. Data was collected using semi-structured interview schedules for the teachers and community members, whereafter it was presented in thematic sections and qualitatively examined for meaning. The results showed that participants comprising teachers and community members do not know or understand the transformational and human rights value of inclusive education. The participants seemed to be equally aware of inclusive education, but they rated its success and value differently. The participants concurred that the philosophy of inclusive education was noble, but they differed regarding the extent to which it had transformed, added value or played an advocacy role in the lives of learners and the community at large over the years.
The use of biblical themes in the debate concerning the xenophobic attacks in South Africa
Authors: Dube Zorodzai
Published: November 2015

The study draws from the ideas of J�rgen Habermas, Daniel Trotter and Christian Fuchs, Zizi Papacharissis, Yochai Benkler and Christian Fuchs to investigate the use of social media as a platform to express ideas against xenophobic-related attacks in South Africa (April 2015�May 2015). The data was collected from twitter, YouTube and Facebook. Most views came from the Facebook platform called �Stop xenophobia�. Using ATLAS.ti, software for qualitative research, the data was coded into interpretive variables or categories. The results show that themes such as hospitality, morality, creation and ethics received highest frequency as reasons to condemn xenophobia. The research further reveals that the social media data is much candid in comparison to state controlled media, where views and ideas were censored to protect the economic and public image of the country. Unlike the controlled government outlets which focus on the possible correlation between xenophobic attacks to economic outlook, the social media focuses on moral and ethical issues � issues that define our collective as human beings and tackles xenophobia from the perspective of ethics and shared human values.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This study is interdisciplinary in nature due to the use of theories in media studies and social sciences to investigate the use of biblical themes in the fight against xenophobia.
L’intrication des soins et de la recherche en médecine orale. Une question éthique
Authors: Pirnay Philippe
Published: November 2015

L’intrication des actes de soin et des actes de recherche est devenue une caractéristique majeure de la médecine et de la chirurgie orale. La première responsabilité des soignants et des chercheurs est la santé et le bien-être du patient. L’intérêt des personnes qui se prêtent à une recherche biomédicale doit toujours primer sur les seuls intérêts de la science et de la société. À partir de deux exemples issus du soin d’exception ; la greffe du visage, et du soin courant ; l’extraction dentaire, l’auteur explique comment l’éthique et les questions de santé publique prennent une dimension importante lorsque la recherche rencontre le soin. Son analyse permet de justifier ces recherches et d’en débattre, en fixant leurs limites.
Les freins et motivations à la vaccination en élevage bovin : résultats d’études qualitative et quantitative
Authors: Deleu Arnaud
Published: November 2015

La fiche action 15 du plan Ecoantibio 2017 vise notamment identifier les freins à la vaccination puis à en promouvoir l’usage. Le SIMV a mené pour y répondre deux études de marché auprès d’éleveurs de bovins. La santé est la raison même de l’éleveur et les accidents en la matière sont vécus comme un échec personnel. C’est pourquoi l’éleveur est convaincu de la nécessité de mettre en oeuvre la prévention des maladies. Toutefois la prévention intègre essentiellement des mesures non médicales et ne rime pas forcément avec vaccination. Cette dernière est le plus souvent comparée à une assurance à laquelle l’éleveur a recours à la suite d’un événement marquant de perte en animaux. Si ses sources d’informations sont variées, la recommandation du vétérinaire est déterminante dans la décision de mettre en oeuvre un plan de prophylaxie médicale. Elle sera d’autant facilitée si le vétérinaire a instauré une relation de confiance éclairée. De très nombreux paramètres objectifs et subjectifs entrent dans les critères de décision de mise en oeuvre, d’amplification et de pérennisation de la vaccination. La pratique de la vaccination est rarement acquise définitivement. C’est pourquoi l’implication du vétérinaire est prépondérante tant pour initier que pour maintenir la vaccination en élevage de bovins.
The New Zealand Print Media and the 2004-2007 Local Elections: A Case Study
Authors: Zvulun Jacky Yaakov
Published: November 2015

Voters gain their information from news media, and in particular from print media, about politicians. More importantly, voters develop their understanding of political processes based on what they read. In this paper, I examine the print media coverage of the campaign introducing new electoral system Single Transferable Vote (STV) in the New Zealand Local Body Elections 2004 and 2007 compared with the campaign introducing Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) electoral system in the 1996 national election. I focus particularly on the coverage of the alternative electoral system, STV, by two newspapers – the Dominion Post and the Otago Daily Times from the perspective of type, nature, and number of the articles published and the attitudes toward encouraging participation and introducing new electoral system [STV]. The study shows that both newspapers offered a significantly poorer coverage of the 2004 and 2007 local elections compared to the campaign in 1996 national election. This also might lead to the prediction of one of the reason decreasing or increasing voter turnout.
General grants and development – a relationship without a future? The effects of the structure of general grants on the development of local government units in Poland
Authors: Sekuła Alicja
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this paper is to attempt to identify the reasons for the lack of relationship between general grant revenue and investment expenditure of local government units. The author formulated the hypothesis that there is no link between general grants and investment expenditure and that the reason for this are the current spending on education, absorbing the entire amount of general grants received by local government units. The hypothesis was verified in a procedure consisting of several steps. The theoretical part contains a description of the revenue system of local government units in Poland with particular emphasis on transfers, including general grants. Although the local government in Poland is a three-tier system (communes, counties, provinces), the investigation presented in the analytical part was carried out for four groups of units, also identifying cities with county rights. On the basis of the results of statistical analysis and a comparison of revenues from the education component of the general grants and the overall amount of general grants with expenditure on education, the most likely explanation is the size of expenditure on education, which often exceeds the total revenue from the general grants.
Theoretical study of mixing in liquid clouds – Part 1: Classical concept
Authors: Korolev A. , Khain A. , Pinsky M. , French J.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Relationships between basic microphysical parameters are studied within the framework of homogeneous and extreme inhomogeneous mixing. Analytical expressions and numerical simulations of relationships between droplet concentration, extinction coefficient, liquid water content, and mean volume droplet size, formed at the final stage of mixing are presented. The expressions are used to identify type of mixing for in-situ observations obtained in convective clouds. The analysis suggests that for the set of observations investigated here, the interaction between cloudy and entrained environments is dominated by inhomogeneous mixing. Lastly, an analysis of different response times of the cloud environment undergoing mixing is presented. Comparisons of different characteristic times suggest that within the same mixing environment depending on mixing fraction some volumes may be dominated by homogeneous mixing whereas others by inhomogeneous mixing.
In situ secondary organic aerosol formation from ambient pine forest air using an oxidation flow reactor
Authors: Palm B. B. , Campuzano-Jost P. , Ortega A. M. , Day D. A. , Kaser L. , Jud W. , Karl T. , Hansel A. , Hunter J. F. , Cross E. S. , Kroll J. H. , Peng Z. , Brune W. H. , Jimenez J. L.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Ambient air was oxidized by OH radicals in an oxidation flow reactor (OFR) located in a montane pine forest during the BEACHON-RoMBAS campaign to study biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and aging. High OH concentrations and short residence times allowed for semi-continuous cycling through a large range of OH exposures ranging from hours to weeks of equivalent (eq.) atmospheric aging. A simple model is derived and used to account for the relative time scales of condensation of low volatility organic compounds (LVOCs) onto particles, condensational loss to the walls, and further reaction to produce volatile, non-condensing fragmentation products. More SOA production was observed in the OFR at nighttime (average 4 μg m-3 when LVOC fate corrected) compared to daytime (average 1 μg m-3 when LVOC fate corrected), with maximum formation observed at 0.4–1.5 eq. days of photochemical aging. SOA formation followed a similar diurnal pattern to monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and toluene + p-cymene concentrations, including a substantial increase just after sunrise at 07:00 LT. Higher photochemical aging (> 10 eq. days) led to a decrease in new SOA formation and a loss of preexisting OA due to heterogeneous oxidation followed by fragmentation and volatilization. When comparing two different commonly used methods of OH production in OFRs (OFR185 and OFR254), similar amounts of SOA formation were observed. We recommend the OFR185 mode for future forest studies. Concurrent gas-phase measurements of air after OH oxidation illustrate the decay of primary VOCs, production of small oxidized organic compounds, and net production at lower ages followed by net consumption of terpenoid oxidation products as photochemical age increased. New particle formation was observed in the reactor after oxidation, especially during times when precursor gas concentrations and SOA formation were largest. Approximately 6 times more SOA was formed in the reactor from OH oxidation than could be explained by the VOCs measured in ambient air. Several recently-developed instruments quantified ambient semi- and intermediate-volatility organic compounds (S/IVOCs) that were not detected by a PTR-TOF-MS. An SOA yield of 24–80 % from those compounds can explain the observed SOA, suggesting that these typically unmeasured S/IVOCs play a substantial role in ambient SOA formation. Our results allow ruling out condensation sticking coefficients much lower than 1. Our measurements help clarify the magnitude of SOA formation in forested environments, and demonstrate methods for interpretation of ambient OFR measurements.
Precipitation regime and stable oxygen isotopes at Dome C, East Antarctica – a comparison of two extreme years 2009 and 2010
Authors: Schlosser E. , Stenni B. , Valt M. , Cagnati A. , Powers J. G. , Manning K. W. , Raphael M. , Duda M. G.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. At the East Antarctic deep ice core drilling site Dome C, daily precipitation measurements have been initiated in 2006 and are being continued until today. The amounts and stable isotope ratios of the precipitation samples as well as crystal types are determined. Within the measuring period, the two years 2009 and 2010 showed striking contrasting temperature and precipitation anomalies, particularly in the winter seasons. The reasons for these anomalies and their relation to stable isotope ratios are analysed using data from the mesoscale atmospheric model WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting Model) run under the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS). 2009 was relatively warm and moist due to frequent warm air intrusions connected to amplification of Rossby waves in the circumpolar westerlies, whereas the winter of 2010 was extremely dry and cold. It is shown that while in 2010 a strong zonal atmospheric flow was dominant, in 2009 an enhanced meridional flow prevailed, which increased the meridional transport of heat and moisture onto the East Antarctic plateau and led to a number of high-precipitation/warming events at Dome C. This was also evident in a positive (negative) SAM index and a negative (positive) ZW3 index during the winter months of 2010 (2009). Changes in the frequency or seasonality of such event-type precipitation can lead to a strong bias in the air temperature derived from stable water isotopes in ice cores.