bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mi befolyásolja a járványintézkedések támogatottságát?
Authors: Dudás Levente , Szántó Richárd
Published: May 2022

A közvélemény Covid19-pandémiára adott reakciói a szélsőséges félelemtől a járvány okozta kockázatok teljes elutasításáig terjednek, amelyek egyik lehetséges magyarázata a kockázati tényezőkkel vagy a megelőző intézkedésekkel szembeni szkepticizmus. A szerzők alap- és mesterszakos hallgatói mintán vizsgálták különböző prevenciós rendelkezések támogatottságának kapcsolatát a járvánnyal összefüggő kételyekkel és egyéb lehetséges magyarázó változókkal (bizalommal, világnézettel, betegséggel összefüggő tapasztalatokkal). Kovarianciaalapú strukturális egyenletek modelljére épülő útelemzésük megerősíti, hogy a Covid-szkepticizmus erős előrejelzője a megelőző intézkedések támogatottságának, valamint fontos közvetítő szerepe tölt be e rendelkezések elfogadása és annak magyarázó változói között. A válaszadóknak feltett kérdések sorrendjének hatása is szignifikáns, vagyis azok, akik kérdőívének elején a prevenciós intézkedésekkel szembeni szkeptikus érvek szerepeltek, valamivel kevésbé támogatják a járványügyi rendelkezéseket másokhoz képest. A társadalmi szolidaritás, a tudósokba vetett bizalom és – meglepő módon – a mások iránti bizalom hiánya pedig növelheti a Covid-elleni lépések elfogadottságát. Az utóbbi összefüggés arra utal, hogy amikor az emberek nem bíznak másokban, saját védelmük növelése érdekében szigorúbb szabályozást igényelnek.
The influence of urban canyons on thermal comfort:
Authors: Lemos Daniel Conforte da Silva , Barbosa Sabrina Andrade , Lima Fernando Tadeu de Araújo
Published: May 2022

New research regarding the comfort and liveability of modern urban areas has gained increasing attention with climate changes and the trend towards intensified urbanization in modern cities. The urbanization processes have commonly resulted in urban heat islands, dense and central spaces where the air temperature is higher when compared to peripheral areas. The increase in the temperature in these spaces causes thermal discomfort, directly impacting people's quality of life. The urban morphology impacts users' thermal perception while limiting or allowing solar and wind access, thus interfering with the thermal comfort perceived by people. That is the case of urban canyons, a morphologic phenomenon that can reduce the solar incidence and local wind speeds, altering the heat exchanges between buildings and the air and changing the thermal comfort. Thus, through parametric approaches, the present work aims to identify how the changes in the urban morphology impacted the thermal conditions of an urban canyon in the central area of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The analyses, which compared three different moments in history (1940, 1980, and 2020), were performed using Ladybug Suite Tools / Grasshopper plugins for Rhinoceros software; and were based on the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The maps generated indicate the changes in the local thermal comfort and its historical development. The results demonstrated that the urbanization process over the years strongly affected the thermal conditions of the urban canyon at the pedestrian level.
Hibridação cultural e uma possível poética baseada no contexto cultural de instrumentos étnica e geograficamente identificados
Authors: Espinheira Alexandre
Published: May 2022

Este trabalho apresenta a tese de que o contexto cultural de instrumentos étnica e geograficamente identificados pode ser utilizado como impetus para a composição de obras de concerto contemporâneas. O artigo situa brevemente o campo da hibridação cultural através de Rios Filho (2010) e Lima (2016, 2019) e apresenta uma discussão sobre o contexto cultural de instrumentos tradicionais através de Neuenfeldt (1998), Mukuma (2010), Jähnichen (2013) e Oludare (2018). Logo em seguida, é apresentado o ambiente cultural no qual o berimbau está inserido com a ajuda de Vieira e Assunção (2009), Galm (2010), Bertissolo (2013) e Magalhães Filho (2019). Numa tentativa de exemplificação, descreve brevemente o processo de composição da obra Berimbau para piano (+voz) e sons eletroacústicos.
Evaluating the Decoding the Disciplines paradigm that is used for developing disciplinary habits of mind: A systematic literature review
Authors: Mohamed S. , Bayat A.
Published: May 2022

This article reports on a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the Decoding the Disciplines paradigm (henceforth “DtD”) in the development of expert disciplinary habits of mind in student learning. A search was conducted utilising various databases (EBSCOhost, DOAJ, JSTOR, SAGE Journals Online, Scopus, Wiley Online and uKwazi) (Library Search Engine) for the period 2004 to 2020. More than 500 papers, retrieved from nine scholarly databases, were screened, based on title and abstract, resulting in 33 shortlisted papers for analysis. The researcher and one independent reviewer assessed the methodological quality of the shortlisted articles. Five countries are represented in this study. The results of this review highlighted the impact that the DtD has on the development of expert ways of thinking in learners. The case studies attest to the fact that several insights, namely 1) Concretising abstract phenomena; 2) Overcoming emotional bottlenecks; 3) Making expert habits of mind explicit to the learner; 4) Trans-disciplinary approaches and the T-Shaped learner and 5) Synergies between threshold concepts and information literacy habits of mind, are capabilities that the DtD process could cultivate in student learning to overcome complex bottlenecks.
South African Student Leadership Unrest and Unsettled Constructions: A CIBART Analysis
Authors: Pule N.
Published: May 2022

Student leadership in South Africa is unsettled and characterised by unrest. The perturbing changes in the higher education system, including global shifts and crises, impact South African student leadership psychologically. Consequently, this article seeks to understand the system psychodynamics of South African student leadership. Data was collected during a social dream drawing (SDD) session with student leaders at a South African university before the onset of the Fees Must Fall movement. The SDD session aimed to understand the social construction of student leadership at a South African university and data was analysed through discourse analysis with a psychodynamic interpretation. For this article, a co-reflector was incorporated for secondary analysis after Fees Must Fall to reorganise, reinterpret the data and enhance the initial findings using a conflict, identity, boundaries, authority, role, task (CIBART) model. CIBART findings show that students have a need for a collective and shared vision, and find it unsettling when this need is not satisfied due to the complex environment. Thereby, their psychological safety is threatened, while anxiety is heightened in an environment characterised by transformation and decolonisation agendas. Substantial conflicts impact authority dynamics while, simultaneously, student leadership identity and boundaries are blurry and in crisis. Thus, the compromised clarity of student leadership elevates implications for the confidence that is required for the role and task of student leadership. Consequently, efforts to reduce the anxiety of student leadership ought to be a priority. Psychologists are indicated to play a crucial role in restoring the psychological safety and security of student leaders.
MATCHING PRIVATE ACCOMMODATIONS WITH UNFAMILIAR TOURISTS: THE PERSPECTIVE FROM ALTRUISM AND SOCIAL IDENTITY
Authors: C. S. Ku Edward , Kan Tang-Chung , Hsieh Chia-Li
Published: May 2022

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine how online travel communities and host benevolence influence Couchsurfer behavior. We formulated a model of Couchsurfers’ behavioral intentions from the perspectives of trust, social identity theory, and altruism. Design/methodology/approach - Empirical data were collected from members of online travel communities. Participants were required to complete an online survey program developed using the SURVEYCAKE website (https://www.surveycake.com/), via invitation message. The invitation information stated the purpose of the study and provided a hyperlink to the digital survey form. We sent out the invitations, and 423 were returned completed. Findings - Community engagement is an enzyme catalyst between Couchsurfers and online travel communities. Online travel communities that provide an enjoyable experience could increase the satisfaction of Couchsurfers, who tend to spend more time browsing and interacting with interesting online travel communities. Research limitations/implications - Research will discuss the travel purpose of Couchsurfers and may better understand the considerations of hosts willing to provide lodging in future research. Practical implications - The operator of online travel communities should collect tacit knowledge and transform it into useful tourism information that can benefit both online travel communities and Couchsurfers. Originality/value - The results of this study provide additional evidence of altruism in the study of tourism behavior and offer new perspectives on behavior in virtual communities
Comparative analysis of three bait types in deep-set pelagic longline gear in the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean
Authors: CAMPELLO Tiago Hilário Pedrosa , COMASSETTO Lucas Eduardo , GOMES HAZIN Humberto , PACHECO DOS SANTOS Jose Carlos , KERSTETTER David , HAZIN (in memorian) Fábio Hissa Vieira
Published: May 2022

The choice of bait is one of the fisheries tactics used to increase selectivity for particular target species. The performance of three bait types (mackerel, sardine, squid) was evaluated with a commercial vessel operating in the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean using the deep-set pelagic longline deployment method to target large yellowfin and bigeye tunas. The effect of different factors and covariates on the Capture per Effort Unit - CPUE was evaluated through Generalized Linear Models (GLM). In 121 experimental sets using three bait types, 2385 individuals of the two target species were captured, 1166 yellowfin tuna and 1219 bigeye tuna. The results suggest a preference between bait types for each target species, with the yellowfin tuna being mostly caught by the hooks using squid and bigeye tuna with fish bait mackerel. Stratifying the results for three depth ranges of the hooks, the combination of bait and depth for yellowfin tuna resulted in an increase of catch probability in the intermediary depth layer using mackerel. For bigeye tuna, using mackerel in the intermediary layer resulted in a reduction in the catch rate. Bycatch represented around 11.15% of total captures. These results will provide important information to choosing the most efficient bait for the pelagic longline fishing operation and will help future decisions of fisheries management.
Age and growth of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the western equatorial Atlantic based on dorsal spines analysis
Authors: CUNHA-NETO Manuel Alves da , HAZIN Humberto Gomes , SILVA Guelson Batista da
Published: May 2022

The skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) is a migratory pelagic fish occurring in all tropical and subtropical oceans of the world. Due to its economic importance and the unbridled increase in fishing efforts, stocks may collapse if this resource is not managed properly. The present study aimed to estimate growth parameters from different growth models based on annual rings from the dorsal spines of skipjack tuna caught in the western equatorial Atlantic. The first dorsal spine of each individual was extracted to produce cross-sections with 0.6 to 0.8 mm in thickness. We used a multi-model approach to select the best growth model based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Two hundred seventy individuals were analyzed, with an average length of 49.58 Â± 7.72 cm. The von Bertalanffy growth model had the best fit to the data, but the Gompertz and Logistic models also had essential support. Average asymptotic length () was estimated to be 114.05 and 102.63 cm for observed and back-calculated data, respectively. The dorsal spines are indeed efficient tools for estimating growth parameters and multi-model inference is a novel approach for adjusting discrepancies that likely result from a single-model approach.
Reproductive pattern and population dynamics of Anchovia surinamensis in a seasonal floodplain lake of the Amazon basin
Authors: DIAS Jordy de Oliveira , AMARAL Rodrigo Vieira Alves , SANT'ANNA Igor Rechetnicow Alves , CAMPOS Caroline Pereira de , LIMA Severino Adriano de Oliveira , SOUSA Raniere Garcez Costa
Published: May 2022

The Surinam anchovy (Anchovia surinamensis) is a small fish of commercial and ecological interest in the Amazon basin. To understand the reproductive and population dynamics of this species, in 2019 and 2020, experimental fisheries were carried out during periods of flood and low water in the Cujubim Lake in Porto Velho (Rondônia, Brazil). This study aimed to analyze the seasonal pattern (flood and low water) for the reproductive period and the population dynamics of the Surinam anchovy in this region, which resulted in the collection of 870 individuals. The specimens showed mean lengths (Ls) of 6.85 Â± 0.51 cm to 9.01 Â± 2.56 cm and mean weight (Wt) of 5.8 Â± 3.37 g to 6.6 Â± 2.72 g between low and flood water periods, respectively. The growth parameters for this species (Wt = 0.0226*Ls2,6635; Natural mortality, M = 1.66 year-1; Growth rate, k = 0.70 year-1; Asymptotic length, LâË†Å¾ = 16.53 cm; Theoretical maximum weight, WâË†Å¾ = 42.83 g) and the quantity of individuals in mature stages during periods of flood and low water were also evaluated. The mean values of Gonadosomatic index - GSI (5.41 and 4.96 between females and males) and animal welfare index, Kn (1.009 and 1.010 between low and flood water periods) did not show significant differences. All the population growth information presented, added to the values of physicochemical parameters of the water (which were suitable for tropical fish) indicates that the Surinam anchovy population is governed by hydrological seasonality and is well adapted to the floodplain lake where it colonizes and reproduces.
Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisine Ekonometrik Yaklaşım
Authors: YILMAZ Elif , PASİN COWLEY Pelin
Published: May 2022

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin ampirik olarak incelenmesidir. Tasarım/Yöntem: Araştırmada ARDL Sınır Testi yaklaşımı ve Nedensellik Analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: GSYİH ve ticaretin dışa açıklığı hem uzun hem kısa vadede elektrik tüketimini olumlu etkilemektedir. GSYİH’ deki %1’lik bir artış, elektrik tüketimini %0,92 artırırken, ticari dışa açıklıktaki %1’lik bir artış elektrik tüketimini %0,63 oranında artırmıştır. Hata düzeltme katsayısı, negatif işaretli ve istatistiki açıdan anlamlıdır. Buradan hareketle, kısa dönemde oluşabilecek sapmaların uzun dönemde dengeye geleceği söylenebilmektedir. Üretim modelinde, elektrik tüketiminin %1 artışı, GSYİH’yi kısa dönemde %1,05, uzun dönemde %1,74 oranında artırmıştır. Ticari dışa açıklığın etkisi ise uzun dönem periyodunda hissedilmiştir. Uzun dönemde, ticari dışa açıklıktaki %1’lik bir artış GSYİH’yi %1,12 oranında azaltmaktadır. Ayrıca, değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi, hata düzeltme temelli Granger Nedensellik Analizi kullanarak incelenmiştir. Sınırlılıklar: Türkiye’nin 1970-2014 dönemi baz alınarak, elektrik tüketimi, GSYİH ve ticaretin dışa açıklığı arasındaki bağıntı ele alınmıştır. Özgünlük/Değer: Enerji ekonomisinde; büyüme-ihracat, büyüme-ithalat ve enerji-büyüme ilişkilerine yönelik oldukça fazla çalışma bulunmasına rağmen elektrik tüketimi, GSYİH ve ticaretin dışa açıklık değişkenlerinin kişi başı değerlerinin bir arada analiz edildiği çalışma sayısı kısıtlı olması araştırmayı farklı kılmaktadır.
Ballistic protection using snow
Authors: Blaisdell George L. , Melendy Terry D. , Blaisdell Marin N.
Published: May 2022

Small (5.56 mm, 7.62 mm and 9 mm) and medium (12.7 mm) arms rounds were fired at snow-filled 1.5m cubic gabions in a mid-winter condition in Fairbanks, Alaska. The rounds were excavated and penetration by each ammunition type was measured. A distribution and average of penetration depth was determined. All 320 rounds fired were captured within 1.5m after entering the snow barrier. Comparison with published models of ballistics penetration of snow showed mixed results with several matching our data within 10% and all but one within 32%. However, most of these models are simplistic in that they accommodate limited variables and therefore may not be expected to perform well in all settings. We conclude that snow-based ballistics protection structures can be quickly and efficiently erected in suitable environments and with minimal size, can provide reliable protection against small and medium arms fire.
The surgical staging of apparent early-staged ovarian mucinous carcinoma
Authors: Yuan Zhen , Zhang Ying , Cao Dongyan , Shen Keng
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesThe study aimed to explore the rate of upstaging after complete surgical staging in patients with apparent FIGO stage I ovarian mucinous carcinoma.MethodsOvarian mucinous carcinoma patients with surgical treatment were, retrospectively, reviewed in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between October 2020 and January 1994.ResultsTotally, 163 patients were included in this study, Surgical re-staging was performed in 89 patients after initial incomplete surgical staging and one-step complete surgical staging was performed in 74 patients. For these initial incompletely staged patients, residual tumors were found in 16 patients (16/89, 17.9%); for 19 patients with apparent FIGO stage IA, no patient was found to have residual tumor after incomplete staging surgery confirmed by the final pathology result of re-staging surgery. Ovarian cystectomy (HR=4.932, 95% CI= 1.347-18.058, P=0.016) were independent risk factors for residual tumor after incomplete staging surgery. For all 163 patients, up-staging was found in 15 patients (15/163, 9.2%). For 44 apparent FIGO stage IA patients, no patient was found to up-stage to FIGO II-IVB. Moreover, both the history of ovarian mucinous tumor (HR=4.745, 95% CI= 1.132-19.886, P=0.033) and bilateral ovaries involved (HR=9.739, 95% CI= 2.016-47.056, P=0.005) were independent risk factors for up-staging to FIGO stage II-IVB.ConclusionsFor patients of apparent FIGO stage IA, the possibility of residual tumors and up-staging is relatively low. While for patients of cystectomy, bilateral mucinous carcinomas, or history of ovarian mucinous tumors, complete staging surgery maintains greater significance.
Comparing Anterior Gastropexy to No Anterior Gastropexy for Paraesophageal Hernia Repair: A study protocol for a randomized control trial
Authors: Blake Kaela , Zolin Samuel , Tu Chao , Baier Kevin , Beffa Lucas , Alaedeen Diya , Krpata David , Prabhu Ajita , Rosen Michael , Petro Clayton
Published: May 2022

Background: More than half of patients undergoing paraesophageal hernia repair (PEHR) will have radiographic hernia recurrence at 5 years after surgery. Gastropexy is a relatively low-risk intervention that may decrease recurrence rates, but it has not been studied in a prospective manner. Our study aims to evaluate the effect of anterior gastropexy on recurrence rates after PEHR, compared to no anterior gastropexy.Methods: This is a two-armed, single-blinded, registry-based, randomized controlled trial comparing anterior gastropexy to no anterior gastropexy in PEHR. Adult patients (≥18 years) with a symptomatic paraesophageal hernia measuring at least 5 cm in height on computed tomography, upper gastrointestinal series or endoscopy undergoing elective minimally invasive repair are eligible for recruitment. Patients will be blinded to their arm of the trial. All patients will undergo laparoscopic or robotic PEHR, where some operative techniques (crural closure techniques and fundoplication use or avoidance) are left to the discretion of the operating surgeon. During the operation, after closure of the diaphragmatic crura, participants are randomized to receive either no anterior gastropexy (control arm) or anterior gastropexy (treatment arm). Two hundred forty participants will be recruited and followed for 1 year after surgery. The primary outcome is radiographic PEH recurrence at 1 year. Secondary outcomes are symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease, dysphagia, odynophagia, gas-bloat, regurgitation, chest pain, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, postprandial pain, cardiovascular, and pulmonary symptoms as well as patient satisfaction in the immediate postoperative period and at 1-year follow-up. Outcome assessors will be blinded to the patients’ intervention.Discussion: This randomized controlled trial will examine the effect of anterior gastropexy on radiographic PEH recurrence and patient-reported outcomes. Anterior gastropexy has a theoretical benefit of decreasing PEH recurrence; however, this has not been proven beyond a suggestion of effectiveness in retrospective series. If anterior gastropexy reduces recurrence rates, it would likely become a routine component of surgical PEH management. If it does not reduce PEH recurrence, it will likely be abandoned.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04007952. Registered on July 5, 2019.https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04007952?term=NCT04007952&cond=Paraesophageal+Hernia&draw=2&rank=1
Expression of long noncoding RNAs in the ovarian granulosa cells of women with diminished ovarian reserve using high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Dong Li , Xin Xin , Chang Hsun-Ming , Leung Peter C.K. , Yu Chen , Lian Fang , Wu Haicui
Published: May 2022

Background
Infertility is a global reproductive-health problem, and diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is one of the common causes of female infertility. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators of numerous physiological and pathological processes in humans. However, whether lncRNAs are involved in the development of DOR remains to be elucidated.
Methods
Ovarian granulosa cells (OGCs) extracted from infertile women with DOR and from women with normal ovarian reserve (NOR) were subjected to high-throughput sequencing. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify the differential expression of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and lncRNAs. Sequencing results were validated by the selection of random lncRNAs using real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
Results
Compared with the NOR group, a total of 244 lncRNAs were upregulated (53 known and 191 novel), and 222 lncRNAs were downregulated (36 known and 186 novel) in the DOR group. Similarly, 457 mRNAs had differential expression between the two groups. Of these, 169 were upregulated and 288 were downregulated. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes of mRNA and lncRNAs were considerably enriched in “cell adhesion and apoptosis”, “steroid biosynthesis”, and “immune system”. A co-expression network comprising lncRNAs and their predicted target genes revealed the possible involvement of the “thyroid hormone signaling pathway” and “protein binding, digestion and absorption” in DOR pathogenesis. The expression of SLC16A10 was positively regulated by multiple lncRNAs. Seven differentially expressed lncRNAs (NEAT1, RAB5A, MEG3, GNG12, MST1L, GCN1, and ZEB2-AS1) were identified, among which the expression of NEAT1, GNG12 and ZEB2-AS1 was in accordance with RNA-sequencing.
Conclusions
We presented the first data showing that the expression profiles of lncRNA and mRNA in OGCs between NOR and DOR patients using RNA sequencing. The lncRNAs that we identified may serve as novel diagnostic biomarkers for patients with DOR.
Profiles of GPs with High and Low Physician Empathy: Personal, Professional, and Antibiotic Prescribing Characteristics
Authors: Kristensen Troels , Ejersted Charlotte , Søndergaard Jens , Ahnfeldt-Mollerup Peder , Charles Justin
Published: May 2022

Background: General Practitioner’s (GPs) professional empathy has been hypothesized to have substantial impact on their delivered healthcare and use of medicine. This study compares profiles of personal, professional, and antibiotic prescribing characteristics of GPs with high and low empathy.Methods: We apply an extreme group design and a unique combined set of survey and drug register data. The survey was sent to a stratified sample of 1,196 GPs comprising 30% of the Danish GP population and 464 GPs responded(38,8%). GPs in the top and bottom decile of empathy levels were identified. The applied Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Health Professionals includes 20 items that fall into three factors: perspective taking, compassionate care, walking in patient’s shoes. Total scores, factor scores, and individual item scores were calculated to disentangle the differences between the profiles. All intra- and inter-profile descriptive statistics and differences were bootstrapped to estimate the variability and related confidence intervals (CIs).Results: 61% of GPs in the top decile of the empathy score were female. GPs in this group reported the following person-centered factors as more important for their job satisfaction than the bottom decile: The Patient-physician relationship, interaction with colleagues, and intellectual stimulation. High-empathy scoring GPs prescribed significantly less penicillin than the low-empathy GPs. This was true for most penicillin subcategories. There were no significant differences in age, practice setting (urban vs. rural), practice type (partnership vs. single-handed), overall job satisfaction, or GP’s value of prestige and economic profit for their job satisfaction. The intra profile variation index and CIs show less prescribing uncertainty among GPs with high empathy.Conclusions: This study reveals that high empathy GPs may have different personal, professional, and antibiotic prescribing characteristics than low empathy GPs and have less variable empathy levels as a group. Furthermore, person-centered high empathy GPs on average seem to prescribe less penicillins than low empathy GPs.
Lifecycle management of orphan drugs approved in Japan
Authors: Seki Kiyoshi , Suzuki Hiroshi , Abe Seiji , Saotome Chikako
Published: May 2022

Background: The development of orphan drugs (ODs) is challenging from both development and business perspectives because of their small patient populations. To overcome such business challenges, lifecycle management (LCM), which maximizes profits by increasing sales and extending product lifetimes, is important to overcome the business challenges arising from their small patient populations. To clarify the activities of the LCM of ODs, we investigated additional indications that contribute to market expansion and marketing exclusivity using the patent extension and re-examination system of ODs approved in Japan between 2004 and 2019.Results: The 203 ODs consisting of 173 active ingredients were approved in Japan between 2004 and 2019. Sixty-eight (39%) of the 173 active ingredients have additional indications, of which 57 have at least one non-OD indication. Three-fourths of the 203 ODs had patent rights, and most of them included substance or use claims. Although the re-examination period for most ODs was 10 years after the approval, most patents had a longer duration than the re-examination period. Conclusions: Pharmaceutical companies were actively adding non-OD indications and were emphasizing the use of patent rights by registering extensions of substance or use patents for exclusive marketing periods. These results indicate that LCM through the addition of indications and registration of patent extensions is carried out as a strategy for many ODs in Japan, similar to the LCM of general non-ODs.
Early detection of ICU-acquired weakness in septic shock patients ventilated longer than 72 hours
Authors: Attwell Caroline , Sauterel Laurent , Jöhr Jane , Piquilloud Lise , Kuntzer Thierry , Diserens Karin
Published: May 2022

Purpose: ICU acquired weakness, comprising Critical Illness Polyneuropathy (CIP) and Myopathy (CIM) is associated with immobilization and prolonged mechanical ventilation. This study aims to assess feasibility of early detection of CIP and CIM by peroneal nerve test (PENT) and sensory sural nerve action potential (SNAP) screening in patients with septic shock invasively ventilated for more than 72 hours and to investigate risk factors associated with CIP and CIM. Methods: We performed repetitive PENT screening from 72 hours after intubation until detecting a pathological response. We tested SNAPs in pathological PENT to differentiate CIP from CIM. Muscle strength examination was performed in awake patients and time from intubation to first in-bed and out-of-bed mobilization were recorded.Results: Eighteen patients were screened with PENT and 88.9% had abnormal responses. Mean time between intubation and first screening was 94.38 (+ 22.41) hours. Seven patients (38.9%) had CIP, 2 (11.1%) had CIM, 1 (5.6%) had CIP and CIM, 6 (33.3%) had a pathological response at PENT associated with ICU acquired weakness but no SNAP could be performed to differentiate between CIP and CIM and 2 patients had (11.1%) had no peripheral deficit. In the patients where it could be performed, muscle strength testing concorded with electrophysiological findings. Twelve patients (66.7%) had out-of-bed mobilization 10.8 (+ 7.4) days after admission. Conclusion: CIP and CIM are frequent in septic patients and can be detected before becoming symptomatic with simple bedside tools. Early detection of CIP and CIM opens new possibilities for timely management of CIP and CIM through preventive measures such as passive and active mobilization.
Dynamics of Obsidian Procurement at Pot Creek Pueblo (LA 260), Northern New Mexico
Authors: Boulanger Matthew T. , Adler Michael , Sommer Evan , Jorgeson Ian
Published: May 2022

We present obsidian-sourcing data from Pot Creek Pueblo (LA 260), one of the northernmost Puebloan settlements in the Northern Rio Grande, occupied from at least 1260 ce until ca. 1320 ce when much of the pueblo was burned and the site was depopulated. Although the occupation of Pot Creek Pueblo was short, it occurred during a pivotal period in the Northern Rio Grande. The population of the region increased rapidly at this time, possibly due to an influx of migrants from the Mesa Verde/San Juan area to the west, and locally people living in relatively small villages comprised of pithouses and above-ground unit pueblos begin to coalesce into fewer, but much larger above-ground pueblos. Obsidian-source choices throughout the region may provide insight into how the proposed migration impacted existing resource-procurement patterns. Our data demonstrate that despite the diverse histories of the settlement’s inhabitants, the exchange system supplying obsidian to Pot Creek Pueblo remained stable throughout its occupation. We argue that exchange dynamics of the local community remained the primary means of obtaining obsidian despite potential for new avenues that might have been available through the addition of new community members from outside the region and despite population growth and changing settlement patterns in the broader Northern Rio Grande.
The outcomes after Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion(ALIF): Our experience
Authors: Demirel Ari , Terzic Renata , Kaspersen Jon , Eiskjær Søren Peter
Published: May 2022

Background:Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) is a well-established treatment with various advantages and disadvantages. One specific advantage of ALIF combined with posterolateral fusion is the high union rate. Using poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) cages for ALIF procedure takes advantage of the relative radiolucency of PEEK cages .The goal of this study was to determine the radiological outcomes and complications after ALIF surgery. Methods: Retrospective review of patients with ALIF (PEEK cage) surgery. Complications were noted. Bone union determined with Bridwell classification. Pre and post-operative X-rays, X-rays at the last follow-up reviewed. Anterior-posterior disc space height, segmental lordosis at the ALIF levels, lordosis of global lumbar columna measured. Results: 56 patients (M:25, F:31) and 80 ALIF cages were reviewed. The respective median age of surgery and follow-up duration(months) for these subgroups were; 47(37-54) / 14(12-24), 45(40-52) / 22(14-27), 57(51-62) / 17(16-25). The number of complications associated with the anterior approach were 9/56 or 16,0%. Bridwell fusion status were; 1 in 72 cages, 2 in 6 cages and 4 in 2 cages. The anterior disc space height and posterior disc space height L3/L4, L4/L5, L5/S1 significantly increased from preoperatively to immediately postoperatively and compared to the distance at last follow up. The anterior disc space height and posterior disc space height L4/L5, L5/S1 decreased significantly from immediately postoperatively to last follow-up. In L4/L5, the decrease in posterior disc space height from immediately postoperatively to last follow up was insignificant. Only for the L5/S1 level did the segmental lordosis increase significantly from preoperatively to immediately postoperatively and compared to the angle at last follow-up. No significant changes were noted in the lordosis of global lumbar columna measurements.Conclusions: The use of ALIF (PEEK cage) with posterior fixation resulted in very low non-union rate (2,5%). The approach related complications are comparable to the literature.
Effects and mechanism of renal denervation on ventricular arrhythmia after acute myocardial infarction in rats
Authors: Ye Jian , Xiao rongxue , Wang Xu , He Ruiqing , Liu Zongjun , Gao Junqing
Published: May 2022

Background: Renal denervation (RDN) can reduce ventricular arrhythmia after acute myocardial infarction(AMI), but the mechanism is not clear. The purpose of this study is to study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control group, AMI group, RDN-1d+AMI group, RDN-2w+AMI group. The AMI model was established 1 day after RDN in the RDN-1d+AMI group and 2 weeks after RDN in the RDN-2w+AMI group. At the same time, 8 normal rats were subjected to AMI modelling (the AMI group). The control group consisted of 8 rats without RDN intervention or AMI modelling. Results：The study confirmed that RDN can reduce the occurrence of ventricular tachycardia in AMI rats, reduce renal sympathetic nerve discharge, and inhibit the activity of local sympathetic nerves and cell growth factor (NGF) protein expression in the heart after AMI. In addition, RDN decreased the expression of norepinephrine (NE) and glutamate in the hypothalamus ,and NE in cerebrospinal fluid, and increased the expression level of γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the hypothalamus after AMI. Conclusion: RDN can effectively reduce the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia after AMI, and its main mechanism may be via the inhibition of central sympathetic nerve discharge.
Biocompatibility of fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) and woven coated FRC: an in vivo study
Authors: Nalbantoğlu Ahmet Mert , Eren Kaya , Yanık Deniz , Toker Hülya , Tuncer Ersin
Published: May 2022

Objectives: To investigate biocompatibility and bone contact area of FRC and woven coated FRC (FRC-C) in rats.Materials and methods: Sixty rats were allocated to three groups: FRC(n=20), FRC-C(n=20), and control group(n=20). Subgroups were determined as 4th(n=10) and 12th weeks(n=10) . The specimens were placed in the femur of rats. In the control group, the bone defects were left empty and sutured. Four and 12 weeks after implantation, the rats were sacrificed. Histopathological examinations were performed semi-quantitative manner. Twenty rats(n=20) were used for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination. Bone contact surfaces were calculated in SEM analysis.Results: No statistical difference was detected between the 4th and 12th weeks in the quality of bone union. Quality of bone union was lower in FRC compared to the control group at the 4th week (p=0.012) and the 12th week (p=0.017). The periosteal reaction at the 12th week was lower in FRC than in the control group(p=0.021). Bone contact of FRC and FRC-C were 85.5% and 86.3%, respectively. Conclusions: FRC and FRC-C were biocompatible and showed no inflammation. The woven coating did not increase the quality of bone union and bone contact area, while not reducing biocompatibility.Clinical relevance: The woven glass fiber net that its biocompatibility and good bone response were demonstrated has the potential as a scaffold for the augmentation of alveolar bone deficiencies and for the reconstruction of maxillofacial defects.
Incidence of and predictors for antiseizure medication gaps in Medicare beneficiaries with epilepsy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Terman Samuel W , Niznik Joshua D , Slinger Geertruida , Otte Willem M , Braun Kees PJ , Aubert Carole E , Kerr Wesley T , Boyd Cynthia M , Burke James F
Published: May 2022

Background: For the two-thirds of patients with epilepsy who achieve seizure remission on antiseizure medications (ASMs), patients and clinicians must weigh the pros and cons of long-term ASM treatment. However, little work has evaluated how often ASM discontinuation occurs in practice. We describe the incidence of and predictors for sustained ASM fill gaps to measure discontinuation in individuals potentially eligible for ASM withdrawal.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort of Medicare beneficiaries. We included patients with epilepsy by requiring International Classification of Diseases codes for epilepsy/convulsions plus at least one ASM prescription each year 2014-2016, and no acute visit for epilepsy 2014-2015 (i.e., potentially eligible for ASM discontinuation). The main outcome was the first day of a gap in ASM supply (30, 90, 180, or 360 days with no pills) in 2016-2018. We displayed cumulative incidence functions and identified predictors using Cox regressions.Results: Among 21,819 beneficiaries, 5,191 (24%) had a 30-day gap, 1,753 (8%) had a 90-day gap, 803 (4%) had a 180-day gap, and 381 (2%) had a 360-day gap. Predictors increasing the chance of a 180-day gap included number of unique medications in 2015 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03 per medication, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.05) and epileptologist prescribing physician (≥25% of that physician’s visits for epilepsy; HR 2.38, 95% CI 1.42-4.00). Predictors decreasing the chance of a 180-day gap included Medicaid dual eligibility (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.59-0.93), number of unique ASMs in 2015 (e.g., 2 versus 1: HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.30-0.45), and greater baseline adherence (>80% versus ≤80% of days in 2015 with ASM pill supply: HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.32-0.44).Conclusions: Sustained ASM gaps were rarer than current guidelines may suggest. Future work should further explore barriers and enablers of ASM discontinuation to understand the optimal discontinuation rate.
Emergency tracheal intubation peri-operative risk factors and prognostic impact after esophagectomy
Authors: jin jianwen , lai zhongmeng , Lin Lili , Su Jiansheng , Wang Jiebo , Liu Junle , Zhang Liangcheng
Published: May 2022

Background: Emergency endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a serious complication after Oesophagectomy. It is still unclear that perioperative risk factors and prognosis of these patients with ETI.Methods: Between January 2015 and December 2018, 21 patients who received ETI after esophagectomy were enrolled (ETI group) at the department of thoracic surgery, Fujian Union hospital, China. Each study subject matched one patient who underwent the same surgery in the current era were included (control group). Patient characteristics and perioperative factors were collected.Results: Patients with ETI were older than those without ETI (p=0.022). The patients with history of smoking in ETI group were significantly more than those in control group (p=0.013). The stay-time of postanesthesia care unit (PACU) in ETI group was significantly longer than that in control group (p=0.001). The incidence of anastomotic leak or electrolyte disorder in ETI group was also higher than that in control group (p=0.014; p=0.002). Logistic regression analysis indicated history of smoke (HR 6.43, 95%CI 1.39-29.76, p=0.017) and longer stay time of PACU (HR 1.04, 95%CI 1.01-1.83, p=0.020) both were independently associated with higher risks of ETI. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rates were 47.6% in patients with ETI and 85.7% in patients without ETI (HR 4.72, 95%CI 1.31-17.00, p=0.018). COX regression analysis indicated ETI was an independent risk factor affecting the OS. Conclusions: The study indicated that history of smoking and longer stay-time in PACU both were independently associated with higher risks of ETI; and ETI was an independent risk factor affecting the OS of patients after esophagectomy. Trial registration: This trial was retrospectively registered with the registration number of ChiCTR2000038549.
Mblk-1/E93, an ecdysone related-transcription factor, targets synaptic plasticity-related genes in the honey bee mushroom bodies
Authors: Matsumura Yasuhiro , To Taiko Kim , Kohno Hiroki , Kakutani Tetsuji , Kubo Takeo
Published: May 2022

Among hymenopteran insects, aculeate species such as bees, ants, and wasps have enlarged and morphologically elaborate mushroom bodies (MBs), a higher-order brain center in the insect, implying their relationship with the advanced behavioral traits of aculeate species. The molecular bases leading to the acquisition of complicated MB functions, however, remains unclear. We previously reported the constitutive and MB-preferential expression of an ecdysone-signaling related transcription factor, Mblk-1/E93, in the honey bee brain. Here, we searched for target genes of Mblk-1 in the worker honey bee MBs using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequence analyses and found that Mblk-1 targets several genes involved in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory abilities. We also demonstrated that Mblk-1 expression is self-regulated via Mblk-1-binding sites, which are located upstream of Mblk-1. Furthermore, we showed that the number of the Mblk-1-binding motif located upstream of Mblk-1 homologs increased associated with evolution of hymenopteran insects. Our findings suggest that Mblk-1, which has been focused on as a developmental gene transiently induced by ecdysone, has acquired a novel expression pattern to play a role in synaptic plasticity in honey bee MBs, raising a possibility that molecular evolution of Mblk-1 may have partly contributed to the elaboration of MB function in insects.
Agenda-setting policy analysis on Iranian physical activity promotion policies: An application of Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework
Authors: Fathi Behrouz , Khodayari-Zarnaq Rahim , pourazavi Sara , Nadrian Haidar , Kousha Ahmad
Published: May 2022

Background: Since physical inactivity is currently a global concern, encouraging individuals to physical activity (PA) is a priority in public health policies. This study was conducted to analyse the process of change in adopting policies aimed at promoting PA in policy agenda-setting.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted by using document review and semi-structured interviews with 23 key informants of different sections and levels of the policy-making process of the PA promotion programs in Iran. Purposive sampling with maximum variation was used to identify key informants. Analysis of documents and interviews was performed based on the Kingdon’s multiple streams Framework (MSF): problem, policy and political streams. MAXQDA-10 software was applied to manage data analysis process. Result: The problem stream was found to be the high prevalence of physical inactivity, perceived subjective barriers, and contextual factors for PA within the country. The policy stream focused on integrating PA services into primary health care, conducting national and global calendar campaigns and events, and existing legal structures to promote PA in the community. In the political stream, the support of national documents and various legislative and governing authorities, as well as international support, especially the World Health Organization’s 2018-2030 program, provided a favourable environment for this issue. Conclusion: Despite the opening of a policy window for policy-making to promote PA in Iran, several challenges were identified that hindered the policies; the championship and professional approach in the Ministry of Sports, lack of inter-sectoral cooperation, restrictions due to international sanctions and the Covid-19 pandemic, and managerial-structural problems. As the policy window is not used in an appropriate manner, the policymakers need to revisit the policies, with a particular attention to feasibility of the policies, the organizational culture of different Iranian ministries, and the mediating and advocating roles of the Ministry of health in operationalizing the policies.
Clinical Outcome of Paclitaxel-Coated Balloon Angioplasty Versus Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation for the Treatment of Coronary Drug-Eluting Stent In-Stent Chronic Total Occlusion
Authors: Zhang Yuchao , Wu Zheng , Wang Shaoping , Liu Tong , Liu Jinghua
Published: May 2022

AIMS
In-stent chronic total occlusion (IS-CTO) represents a unique challenge for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Whether the optimal treatment for IS-CTO is angioplasty with paclitaxel-coated balloons (PCBs) or repeat stenting with drug-eluting stents (DESs) is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the long-term clinical outcome of PCB angioplasty and DES repeat stenting for DES IS-CTO.
METHODS
We retrospectively included patients with DES IS-CTO who underwent successful PCB angioplasty or DES repeat stenting from January 2016 to December 2019. The primary endpoints were major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), including cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI) and target lesion revascularization (TLR). Cox proportional hazards model was performed to compare the risk of MACEs between PCB angioplasty and DES repeat stenting, and to further explore the prognostic factors of patients with DES IS-CTO.
RESULTS
A total of 214 patients with DES IS-CTO were enrolled: 78 patients (36.4%) treated with PCB and 136 patients (63.6%) treated with DES respectively. The median follow-up was 1160 days, and MACEs were observed in 28.2% of patients with PCB angioplasty versus 26.5% of patients with DES repeat stenting (P = 0.784), mainly driven by TLR (21.8% vs. 19.9%, P = 0.735). There was no significant difference in the risk of MACEs between PCB group and DES group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64–2.46, P = 0.512). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ≥ 3 stent layers in the lesion were independent predictors of MACEs, while switching to another antiproliferative drug was an independent protective factor (all P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
PCB angioplasty was an effective alternative treatment strategy for DES IS-CTO, which had similar long-term outcomes to DES repeat stenting in contemporary practice, but both were accompanied by a high rate of long-term MACEs. Improving the poor prognosis of patients with DES IS-CTO remains a challenge.
Analysis on the Provisions Against COVID-19 for People Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Iqbal Hamail , Umar Taha , Alexander Theres , Mehta Manav , Muwowo Suwilanji , Salamah Joudi , Kleinberg Giona
Published: May 2022

People experiencing homelessness (PEH) are often considered to be a vulnerable group in public health discussions. As the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the majority of the global population, it has motivated broad mitigation strategies. To address the continued status of PEH as a vulnerable group, this paper aims to assess the risk of COVID-19 among PEH and the factors impacting the implementation of mitigation strategies in homeless populations. Studies from several homeless shelters throughout the United States have cited significant infection rates among residents. Cited contributing factors include insecure housing, lack of supplies, and the prevalence of chronic diseases. Accordingly, transmission mitigation strategies that provide secure areas for quarantine and essential items such as masks and hand sanitizer are likely to have the greatest positive impact on reducing the risk of COVID-19 among PEH. However, it is difficult to draw causal conclusions due to the lack of controlled study data, prompting the need for future research efforts in this area.