bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Cardiac Contractility Modulation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Mando Ramy , Goel Akshay , Habash Fuad , Saad Marwan , Ayoub Karam , Vallurupalli Srikanth , Maskoun Waddah
Published: June 2019

Background. Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is a device therapy for systolic heart failure (HF) in patients with narrow QRS. We aimed to perform an updated meta-analysis of the randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to assess the efficacy and safety of CCM therapy. Methods. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) between January 2001 and June 2018. Outcomes of interest were peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2), 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD), Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), HF hospitalizations, cardiac arrhythmias, pacemaker/ICD malfunctioning, all-cause hospitalizations, and mortality. Data were expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) or odds ratio (OR). Results. Four RCTs including 801 patients (CCM n = 394) were available for analysis. The mean age was 59.63 ± 0.84 years, mean ejection fraction was 29.14 ± 1.22%, and mean QRS duration was 106.23 ± 1.65 msec. Mean follow-up duration was six months. CCM was associated with improved MLWHFQ (SMD -0.69, p = 0.0008). There were no differences in HF hospitalizations (OR 0.76, p = 0.12), 6MWD (SMD 0.67, p = 0.10), arrhythmias (OR 1.40, p = 0.14), pacemaker/ICD malfunction/sensing defect (OR 2.23, p = 0.06), all-cause hospitalizations (OR 0.73, p = 0.33), or all-cause mortality (OR 1.04, p = 0.92) between the CCM and non-CCM groups. Conclusions. Short-term treatment with CCM may improve MLFHQ without significant difference in 6MWD, arrhythmic events, HF hospitalizations, all-cause hospitalizations, and all-cause mortality. There is a trend towards increased pacemaker/ICD device malfunction. Larger RCTs might be needed to determine if the CCM therapy will be beneficial with longer follow-up.
The Open Chromatin Landscape of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Zhoufeng , Tu Kailing , Xia Lin , Luo Kai , Luo Wenxin , Tang Jie , Lu Keying , Hu Xinlei , He Yijing , Qiao Wenliang , Zhou Yongzhao , Zhang Jun , Cao Feng , Dai Shuiping , Tian Panwen , Wang Ye , Liu Lunxu , Che Guowei , Zhou Qinghua , Xie Dan , Li Weimin
Published: June 2019

Non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is a major cancer type whose epigenetic alteration remains unclear. We analyzed open chromatin data with matched whole-genome sequencing and RNA-seq data of 50 primary NSCLC cases. We observed high interpatient heterogeneity of open chromatin profiles and the degree of heterogeneity correlated to several clinical parameters. Lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) exhibited distinct open chromatin patterns. Beyond this, we uncovered that the broadest open chromatin peaks indicated key NSCLC genes and led to less stable expression. Furthermore, we found that the open chromatin peaks were gained or lost together with somatic copy number alterations and affected the expression of important NSCLC genes. In addition, we identified 21 joint-quantitative trait loci (joint-QTL) that correlated to both assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing peak intensity and gene expression levels. Finally, we identified 87 regulatory risk loci associated with lung cancer–related phenotypes by intersecting the QTLs with genome-wide association study significant loci. In summary, this compendium of multiomics data provides valuable insights and a resource to understand the landscape of open chromatin features and regulatory networks in NSCLC.

Significance:

This study utilizes state of the art genomic methods to differentiate lung cancer subtypes.

See related commentary by Bowcock, p. 4808
p38 Stabilizes Snail by Suppressing DYRK2-Mediated Phosphorylation That Is Required for GSK3β-βTrCP–Induced Snail Degradation
Authors: Ryu Ki-Jun , Park Sun-Mi , Park Seung-Ho , Kim In-Kyu , Han Hyeontak , Kim Hyo-Jin , Kim Seon-Hee , Hong Keun-Seok , Kim Hyemin , Kim Minju , Yoon Sung-Jin , Asaithambi Killivalavan , Lee Kon Ho , Park Jae-Yong , Hah Young-Sool , Cho Hee Jun , Yook Jong In , Yang Jung Wook , Ko Gyung-Hyuck , Lee Gyemin , Kang Yang Jae , Hwangbo Cheol , Kim Kwang Dong , Park Young-Jun , Yoo Jiyun
Published: June 2019

Snail is a key regulator of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a major step in tumor metastasis. Although the induction of Snail transcription precedes EMT, posttranslational regulation, especially phosphorylation of Snail, is critical for determining Snail protein levels or stability, subcellular localization, and the ability to induce EMT. To date, several kinases are known that enhance the stability of Snail by preventing its ubiquitination; however, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying this are still unclear. Here, we identified p38 MAPK as a crucial posttranslational regulator that enhances the stability of Snail. p38 directly phosphorylated Snail at Ser107, and this effectively suppressed DYRK2-mediated Ser104 phosphorylation, which is critical for GSK3β-dependent Snail phosphorylation and βTrCP-mediated Snail ubiquitination and degradation. Importantly, functional studies and analysis of clinical samples established a crucial role for the p38–Snail axis in regulating ovarian cancer EMT and metastasis. These results indicate the potential therapeutic value of targeting the p38–Snail axis in ovarian cancer.

Significance:

These findings identify p38 MAPK as a novel regulator of Snail protein stability and potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
Viral Metagenomics Revealed a Novel Cardiovirus in Feces of Wild Rats
Authors: Mahmood Asif , Shama Shama , Ni Hao , Wang Hao , Ling Yu , Xu Hui , Yang Shixing , Naseer Qais Ahmad , Zhang Wen
Published: June 2019

Background/Aims: Cardiovirus is a genus of viruses belonging to the family Picornaviridae. Here, we used viral metagenomic techniques to detect the viral nucleic acid in the fecal samples from wild rats in Zhenjiang city in China. Method: Fecal samples were collected from 20 wild rats and pooled into four sample pools and then subjected to libraries construction which were then sequenced on Illumina MiSeq platform. The sequenced reads were analyzed using viral metagenomic analysis pipeline. Results: A novel cardiovirus from feces of a wild rat was identified, named amzj-2018, of which the complete genome was acquired. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete amino acid sequence of polyprotein revealed that amzj-2018 formed a separate branch located between clusters of Saffold virus and Rat Theilovirus 1 (RTV-1). Phylogenetic analysis based on different regions of the polyproteins, including P1, P2, P3, and P2+P3, respectively, showed discordant trees, where the tree based on P3 region indicated that amzj-2018 clustered separately between Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus and RTV-1. Conclusion: The complete genome of a cardiovirus was determined from the feces of wild rats which belonged to a novel type of cardiovirus based on phylogenetic analysis. Whether it is associated with disease needs further investigation.
Added Value of Contrast Medium in Whole-Body Hybrid Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Comparison between Contrast-Enhanced and Non-Contrast-Enhanced Protocols
Authors: Celebi Filiz , Cindil Emetullah  , Sarsenov Dauren , Unalan Bulent , Balcı Cem 
Published: June 2019

Objective: To compare the diagnostic ability and time efficiency of contrast-enhanced (CE) whole body fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) protocol and non-CE (NCE) protocol. Subjects and Methods: Ninety-three patients with known primary tumors underwent whole-body hybrid FDG PET/MRI during the follow-up of their malignancies with the use of NCE and CE protocols. The NCE PET/MRI protocol consisted of diffusion-weighted (b = 0 and 800 s/mm2) and T1-weighted Turbo Flash in the axial plane and T2-weighted HASTE sequence in the coronal planes (Σ = 25 min). The CE PET/MRI protocol was performed by acquiring axial serial CE 3D FS VIBE images in the upper abdomen, completing the whole body in the late phase in the axial plane (Σ = 30 min). Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the total number of lesions detected by the CE protocol (median 2, interquartile range (IQR) 0–14) and that detected by the NCE protocol (median 1, IQR 0–5; p < 0.001). More malignancies were detected in the abdomen (p < 0.001) and brain (p < 0.001) with the CE PET/MRI protocol, whereas no significant difference was present when comparing the 2 protocols in the detection of malignancies in the head and neck (p = 0.356), thorax (p = 0.09), lymph nodes (p = 0.196), and bone (p = 0.414). Conclusion: The CE FDG PET/MRI protocol enables fast and accurate detection of malignancies compared to the NCE FDG PET/MRI protocol, particularly in the upper abdomen and brain. Diagnostic ability and time efficiency can be increased with the proposed short CE protocol in place of the whole body PET/MRI protocol including both NCE and CE imaging sequences.
Fuzzy Black Holes Algorithm
Authors: Nemati Mostafa , Salimi Reza , Moshref Behdad
Published: June 2019

In this paper fuzzy version for black holes algorithm is proposed. The main idea of this article is based upon this principle that we should consider the distance between two black holes for calculating gravitational force (global search) and electrical force (local search). For this purpose, we have suggested Fuzzy distance notion. In this proposed idea, for calculating two forces, FQ and FG, considering the distance between black holes, we have defined a Fuzzy function, which receives distance value and depending on this value being low or high, produces a membership degree for gravitational and electrical constants to be used in the formulas related to the calculation of FG and FQ. The proposed method is verified using several benchmark problems used in the area of optimization. The experimental results on different benchmarks show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than basic BLA (Black holes Algorithm) and FPSO (fuzzy Particle Swarms Optimization).
Direct Field-Oriented Control Using Fuzzy Logic Type -2 for Induction Motor with Broken Rotor Bars
Authors: Belhamdi Saad , Goléa Amar
Published: June 2019

In the paper an analysis of the Direct Field Control Fuzzy logic type-2 of induction motor drive with broken rotor bars is presented. The simplicity of traditional regulators makes them popular and the most used solution in the nowadays industry. However, they suffer from some limitations and cannot deal with nonlinear dynamics and system parameters variation. In the literature, several strategies of adaptation are developed to alleviate these limitations. Artificial intelligent has found high application in most nonlinear systems same as motors drive. Because it has intelligence like human but there are no sentimental against human like angriness and.... Artificial intelligent is used for various points like approximation, control, and monitoring. Because artificial intelligent techniques can use as controller for any system without requirement to system mathematical model, it has been used in electrical drive control. With this manner, efficiency and reliability of drives increase and volume, weight and cost of them decrease.
An Improved Radial Basis Function Networks in Networks Weights Adjustment for Training Real-World Nonlinear Datasets
Authors: Aik Lim Eng , Hong Tan Wei , Junoh Ahmad Kadri
Published: June 2019

In neural networks, the accuracies of its networks are mainly relying on two important factors which are the centers and the networks weight. The gradient descent algorithm is a widely used weight adjustment algorithm in most of neural networks training algorithm. However, the method is known for its weakness for easily trap in local minima. It suffers from a random weight generated for the networks during initial stage of training at input layer to hidden layer networks. The performance of radial basis function networks (RBFN) has been improved from different perspectives, including centroid initialization problem to weight correction stage over the years. Unfortunately, the solution does not provide a good trade-off between quality and efficiency of the weight produces by the algorithm. To solve this problem, an improved gradient descent algorithm for finding initial weight and improve the overall networks weight is proposed. This improved version algorithm is incorporated into RBFN training algorithm for updating weight. Hence, this paper presented an improved RBFN in term of algorithm for improving the weight adjustment in RBFN during training process. The proposed training algorithm, which uses improved gradient descent algorithm for weight adjustment for training RBFN, obtained significant improvement in predictions compared to the standard RBFN. The proposed training algorithm was implemented in MATLAB environment. The proposed improved network called IRBFN was tested against the standard RBFN in predictions. The experimental models were tested on four literatures nonlinear function and four real-world application problems, particularly in Air pollutant problem, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) problem, Phytoplankton problem, and forex pair EURUSD. The results are compared to IRBFN for root mean square error (RMSE) values with standard RBFN. The IRBFN yielded a promising result with an average improvement percentage more than 40 percent in RMSE.
Characteristics and Outcomes in a Contemporary Group of Patients With Suspected Significant Mitral Stenosis Undergoing Treadmill Stress Echocardiography
Authors: Gentry James L. , Parikh Parth K. , Alashi Alaa , Gillinov A Marc , Pettersson Gosta B. , Rodriguez L Leonardo , Popovic Zoran B. , Sato Kimi , Grimm Richard A. , Kapadia Samir R. , Tuzcu E Murat , Svensson, Lars G. , Griffin Brian P. , Desai Milind Y.
Published: June 2019

Background:

In contemporary patients with suspected significant mitral stenosis (MS) undergoing rest and treadmill stress echocardiography, we assessed characteristics and factors associated with longer-term survival.

Methods:

We studied 515 consecutive patients (asymptomatic/atypical symptoms, mean left ventricular ejection fraction 58±2%; 43% male) with suspected at least moderate MS ([1] native mitral valve [MV]: resting mean MV gradient ≥5 mm Hg or area ≤1.5 cm
2
and [2] prosthetic valve: resting mean MV gradient ≥5 mm Hg or effective orifice area ≤2 cm) who underwent rest and treadmill stress echocardiography between 1/2003 and 12/2013. MS was categorized as rheumatic (n=170, 33%), postsurgical (prior mitral repair/replacement, n=245, 48%), and primary nonrheumatic (n=100, 19%). Primary outcome was all-cause mortality.

Results:

Mean resting MV gradient and right ventricular systolic pressure were 8.5±3 and 39±13 mm Hg. Patients achieved 95±29% age-sex predicted metabolic equivalents; peak-stress MV gradient and right ventricular systolic pressure were 17±7 and 61±14 mm Hg, respectively. At 54 days (median), 224 (44%) underwent invasive mitral procedure. At 6±4 years, 76 (15%) died. On survival analysis, primary nonrheumatic MS (hazard ratio [HR], 4.92), higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons score (HR, 1.92), lower % age-sex predicted metabolic equivalents (HR, 1.22), and higher peak-stress right ventricular systolic pressure (HR, 1.35), was associated with higher mortality, while invasive mitral procedures were associated with improved survival (HR, 0.67; all
P
<0.01).

Conclusions:

In asymptomatic patients (or with atypical symptoms) with significant MS undergoing treadmill stress echocardiography, higher mortality was associated with primary nonrheumatic MS, lower % age-sex predicted metabolic equivalents, and higher peak-stress right ventricular systolic pressure, while invasive MV procedures were associated with survival.
Impact of Bridge to Transplantation With Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices on Posttransplantation Mortality
Authors: Truby Lauren K. , Farr Maryjane A. , Garan A. Reshad , Givens Raymond , Restaino Susan W. , Latif Farhana , Takayama Hiroo , Naka Yoshifumi , Takeda Koji , Topkara Veli K.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Bridge to transplantation (BTT) with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) is a mainstay of therapy for heart failure in patients awaiting heart transplantation (HT). Criteria for HT listing do not differ between patients medically managed and those mechanically bridged to HT. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the impact of BTT with LVAD on posttransplantation survival, to describe differences in causes of 1-year mortality in medically and mechanically bridged patients, and to evaluate differences in risk factors for 1-year mortality between those with and those without LVAD at the time of HT.

Methods:

Using the United Network of Organ Sharing database, we identified 5486 adult, single-organ HT recipients transplanted between 2008 and 2015. Patients were propensity matched for likelihood of LVAD at the time of HT. Kaplan–Meier survival estimates were used to assess the impact of BTT on 1- and 5-year mortality. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the odds ratio of 1-year mortality for patients BTT with LVAD compared with those with medical management across clinically significant variables at various thresholds.

Results:

Early mortality was higher in mechanically bridged patients: 9.5% versus 7.2% mortality at 1 year (
P
<0.001). BTT patients incurred an increased risk of 1-year mortality with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 40 to 60 mL·min
−1
·1.73 m
−2
(odds ratio, 1.69;
P
=0.003) and <40 mL·min
−1
·1.73 m
−2
(odds ratio, 2.16;
P
=0.005). A similar trend was seen in patients with a body mass index of 25 to 30 kg/m
2
(odds ratio, 1.88;
P
=0.024) and >30 kg/m
2
(odds ratio, 2.11;
P
<0.001). When patients were stratified by BTT status and the presence of risk factors, including age >60 years, estimated glomerular filtration rate <40 mL·min
−1
·1.73 m
−2
, and body mass index >30 kg/m
2
, there were significant differences in 1-year mortality between medium- and high-risk medically and mechanically bridged patients, with 1-year mortality in high-risk BTT patients at 17.6% compared with 10.4% in high-risk medically managed patients.

Conclusions:

Bridge to HT with LVAD, although necessary because of organ scarcity and capable of improving wait list survival, confers a significantly higher risk of early posttransplantation mortality. Patients bridged with mechanical support may require more careful consideration for transplant eligibility after LVAD placement.
Effects of Nilvadipine on Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients With Alzheimer Disease
Authors: de Jong Daan L.K. , de Heus Rianne A.A. , Rijpma Anne , Donders Rogier , Olde Rikkert Marcel G.M. , Günther Matthias , Lawlor Brian A. , van Osch Matthias J.P. , Claassen Jurgen A.H.R.
Published: June 2019

Cerebrovascular changes, including reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF), occur early in the development of Alzheimer disease and may accelerate disease progression. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated how 6 months of treatment with the calcium antagonist nilvadipine would affect CBF in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease. CBF was measured with magnetic resonance arterial spin labeling in whole-brain gray matter and in a priori defined regions of interest including the hippocampus. Fifty-eight patients were randomly assigned (29 in each group), of whom 22 in both groups had no magnetic resonance exclusion criteria and were medication compliant over 6 months. Mean age was 72.8±6.2 years, mean mini-mental state examination was 20.4±3.4. Nilvadipine treatment lowered systolic blood pressure (Δ=−11.5 [95% CI, −19.7 to −3.2] mm Hg;
P
<0.01), while whole-brain gray-matter CBF remained stable (Δ=5.4 [95% CI, −6.4 to 17.2] mL/100 g per minute;
P
=0.36). CBF in the hippocampus increased (left: Δ=24.4 [95% CI, 4.3–44.5] mL/100 g per minute;
P
=0.02; right: Δ=20.1 [95% CI, −0.6 to 40.8] mL/100 g per minute;
P
=0.06). There was no significant change in CBF in the posterior cingulate cortex (Δ=5.2 [95% CI, −16.5 to 27.0] mL/100 g per minute;
P
=0.63) or other regions of interest. In conclusion, nilvadipine reduced blood pressure and increased CBF in the hippocampus, whereas other regions showed stable or small nonsignificant increases in CBF. These findings not only indicate preserved cerebral autoregulation in Alzheimer disease but also point toward beneficial cerebrovascular effects of antihypertensive treatment.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02017340.
Emergent Carotid Stenting Plus Thrombectomy After Thrombolysis in Tandem Strokes
Authors: Anadani Mohammad , Spiotta Alejandro M. , Alawieh Ali , Turjman Francis , Piotin Michel , Haussen Diogo C. , Nogueira Raul G. , Papanagiotou Panagiotis , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Lapergue Bertrand , Dorn Franziska , Cognard Christophe , Ribo Marc , Psychogios Marios N. , Labeyrie Marc Antoine , Mazighi Mikael , Biondi Alessandra , Anxionnat René , Bracard Serge , Richard Sébastien , Gory Benjamin , Grossberg Jonathan Andrew , Guenego Adrien , Darcourt Julien , Vukasinovic Isabelle , Pomero Elisa , Davies Jason , Renieri Leonardo , Hecker Corentin , Muchada Maria Muchada , Consoli Arturo , Rodesch Georges , Houdart Emmanuel , Turner Raymond , Turk Aquilla , Chaudry Imran , Lockau Johanna , Kastrup Andreas , Blanc Raphaël , Redjem Hocine , Behme Daniel , Shallwani Hussain , Christopher Maurer , Mione Gioia , Humbertjean Lisa , Lacour Jean-Christophe , Zhu François , Derelle Anne-Laure , Tonnelet Romain , Liao Liang
Published: June 2019

Background and Purpose—

Emergent carotid artery stenting plus mechanical thrombectomy is an effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke patients with tandem occlusion of the anterior circulation. However, there is limited data supporting the safety of this approach in patients treated with prior intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). We aimed to investigate the safety of emergent carotid artery stenting-mechanical thrombectomy approach in stroke patient population treated with prior IVT.

Methods—

We assessed patients with acute ischemic stroke because of atherosclerotic tandem occlusion that were treated with emergent carotid artery stenting-mechanical thrombectomy approach from the multicenter observational Thrombectomy in Tandem Lesions registry. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on pretreatment IVT (IVT versus no-IVT). Intracerebral hemorrhages were classified according to the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study II criteria.

Results—

Among 205 patients included in the present study, 125 (60%) received prior IVT. Time from symptoms onset-to-groin puncture was shorter (234±100 versus 256±234 minutes;
P
=0.002), and heparin use was less in the IVT group (14% versus 35%;
P
<0.001); otherwise, there was no difference in the baseline characteristics. There was no significant difference between the IVT and no-IVT groups in the rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (5% versus 8%;
P
=0.544), parenchymal hematoma type 1 to 2 (15% versus 18%;
P
=0.647), successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia 2b–3), or 90-day favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2 at 90 days). The 90-day all-cause mortality rate was significantly lower in the IVT group (8% versus 20%;
P
=0.017). After adjusting for covariates, IVT was not associated with symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage or 90-day mortality.

Conclusions—

Emergent carotid artery stenting-mechanical thrombectomy approach was not associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic complications in tandem occlusion patients who received IVT before the intervention.
A new species in the genus Agadasys Whittington (Diptera: Platystomatidae, Plastotephritinae) from China. Zootaxa, 1358, 59–66. (ERRATUM)
Authors: CHEN X.L. , WHITTINGTON A.E.
Published: June 2019

ERRATUM
Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the African genus Ischnopoderona (Scheerpeltz, 1974) new status (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)
Authors: PASNIK GRZEGORZ
Published: June 2019

The subgenus Ischnopoderona Scheerpeltz, 1974 is redefined and raised to the genus rank. The revised Ischnopoderona includes 28 species, 12 of which are described as new: Ischnopoderona belingensis sp. n., I. brendelli sp. n., I. densepunctata sp. n., I. frischi sp. n., I. hirtipenis sp. n., I. intermedia sp. n., I. lucidula sp. n., I. micans sp. n., I. reticulata sp. n., I. similis sp. n., I. sinuata sp. n., I. transvaalica sp. n. One new synonym is established: Ischnopoderona madecassa (Cameron, 1944a) = Ischnopoda egregia Pace, 1999a syn. n. Sixteen species are given in new combination: Ischnopoderona aspericollis (Scheerpeltz, 1974), I. capicola (Cameron, 1944), I. externa (Fauvel, 1907), I. gracilicornis (Scheerpeltz, 1974), I. longicollis (Bernhauer, 1931), I. madecassa (Cameron, 1944a), I. nigerrima (Cameron, 1932)(all ex Tachyusa); I. albicornis (Tottenham, 1957), I. brunneipennis (Tottenham, 1957), I. eastopi (Tottenham, 1957), I. interna (Pace, 1995), I. kaszabi (Pace, 1986), I. miricornis (Pace, 1999), I. namibensis (Pace, 1999), I. uhligi (Pace, 1999)(all ex Amanota); I. perinetensis (Pace, 2006) (ex Ischnopoda). Lectotypes are designated for Tachyusa externa Fauvel, 1907, T. longicollis Bernhauer, 1931, T. capicola Cameron, 1944, T. nigerrima Cameron, 1932 and T. madecassa Cameron, 1944. The taxa are diagnosed, keyed and illustrated. The phylogeny of the aleocharine genus Ischnopoderona is analysed using cladistic methods. The monophyly of Ischnopoderona is confirmed and two major monophyletic species groups are recognized.
The female genital structures of several species of the genus Cionus Clairville, 1798 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: SERT OSMAN
Published: June 2019

The structure of the female genitalia of seven species from genus Cionus Clairville, 1798 have been examined in this study. The genital spicula, 8 th sternite, coxite, stylus and spermatheca which have systematic importance are illustrated and those structures are discussed at the species level.
The Brazilian Holepyris (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae), with description of a new species from Amazonian forest. Zootaxa, 1357, 61–68. (ERRATUM)
The Brazilian Holepyris (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae), with description of a new species from Amazonian forest. Zootaxa, 1357, 61–68.

Authors: GOBBI F.T. , AZEVEDO C.O.
Published: June 2019

ERRATUM
Taxonomic notes on genera allied to Pleurotroppopsis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae, Entedoninae) with description of a new genus from the Afrotropical region
Authors: GUMOVSKY ALEX
Published: June 2019

Afrotroppopsis risbeci Gumovsky gen. & sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae, Entedoninae), a parasitoid of leafminers on Khaya senegalensis in Senegal and Ochna pulchra in South Africa, is described. The new genus belongs to the complex of genera allied to Pleurotroppopsis Girault, 1913, which includes also the genera Apleurotropis Girault, 1913, Kratoysma Bouček, 1965, Zaommomentedon Girault, 1915, Platocharis Kerrich, 1969, Schizocharis Kerrich, 1969, and Parahorismenus Girault, 1915. The following nomenclature changes are proposed: the generic name Atullya Surekha & Narendran, 1988 is synonymized with Pleurotroppopsis (syn. nov.); two species are moved from Schizocharis to Zaommomentedon: Z. milletiae (Kerrich, 1969) comb. nov. and Z. newbyi (Kerrich, 1969) comb. nov. Relationships within and outside the complex, generic concepts and taxonomic values of some characters are discussed.
A new genus and species of apterous Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Costa Rica
Authors: SELTMANN KATJA , SHARKEY MICHAEL
Published: June 2019

Doryctinae are one of the most diverse and species-rich subfamilies of the Braconidae. The subfamily is diagnosed by a row of spines on the foretibia, a flange on the propleuron above the forecoxa, the presence of an epicnemial carina and occipital carina (Marsh 2002), a double node near the apex of the dorsal valve of the ovipositor (Quicke et al., 1992), and a cyclostome mouth. Most species are thought to be idiobiont ectoparasitoids of wood-boring beetles but host records are rare and show a great deal of diversity. Some are known to be phytophagus on seeds, parasitoids of Embiidinae (Shaw & Edgerly 1985) and others attack wood boring lepidopterans or sawflies. Members of Psenobolus are thought to be inquilines of fig wasps (Ramirez & Marsh 1996). Marsh (1997) provided a key to the New World genera and Marsh (2002) included a key to the genera of Costa Rica.
Taxonomy of Toumeyella lomagundiae Hall and T. obunca De Lotto, and their transfer to Hallicoccus gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae)
Authors: KONDO TAKUMASA
Published: June 2019

Two African soft scale insects, Toumeyella lomagundiae Hall and T. obunca De Lotto, are transferred to Hallicoccus gen. nov. The adult females of both species are redescribed, and the first-instar nymph of T. lomagundiae is described. A revised taxonomic key to separate the adult females is provided. The affinity of Hallicoccus gen. nov. with the genus Toumeyella Cockerell is briefly discussed.
Descriptions of two new species of click-beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) from Turkey Descriptions of two new species of click-beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) from Turkey
Authors: PLATIA GIUSEPPE , KABALAK MAHMUT , SERT OSMAN
Published: June 2019

In this study, two new species of click-beetles, Ampedus turcicus n. sp. and Athous (Orthathous) demirsoyi n.sp., are described from Turkey. The morphologies of these new species and their genital organs are described, photographs of each species and character details are provided, and distribution maps are given.
Two new Tachygonidius species from the Atlantic coast of Brazil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: VANIN SERGIO ANTONIO , MERMUDES JOSÉ RICARDO M.
Published: June 2019

Two species of Tachygonidius are described from the Atlantic coast of Brazil: T. fluminensis sp. nov. (type locality: Restinga da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro) and T. paulensis sp. nov. (type locality: Boa Esperança do Sul, São Paulo). The former species develops as a leaf miner in a species of Ochnaceae. Sexual dimorphism related to the form of the declivous portion of pygidium, deeper in male and less deep in female, is reported for the first time in T. fluminensis. A key for the four known species of Tachygonidius is provided.
A new species of Lathrobium from Kyrgyzstan (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae: Paederinae)
Authors: ASSING VOLKER
Published: June 2019

The Holarctic genus Lathrobium Gravenhorst, 1802 is represented in the Palaearctic region sensu Löbl & Smetana (2004) by five subgenera. According to the Palaearctic catalogue (Smetana 2004) and an updated version by Schülke (unpubl.), the highly diverse nominal subgenus currently includes 248 valid species and subspecies in the Palaearctic region (6 nomina dubia not included), with 73 (sub-)species confined to the Western Palaearctic (one of these species present also in the western parts of the Eastern Palaearctic), 167 (sub-)species to the Eastern Palaearctic including Middle Asia (two of them present also in the eastern parts of the Western Palaearctic), and with 8 species having a trans- Palaearctic distribution. Several species have become known from Middle Asia (Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan), but up to today no representative of the genus has been reported from Kyrgyzstan (Smetana 2004).
Morphological re-examination and taxonomy of the genus Macropodus (Perciformes, Osphronemidae)
Authors: WINSTANLEY TOM , CLEMENTS KENDALL D.
Published: June 2019

The taxonomy of the paradisefishes of the genus Macropodus (F. Osphronemidae) has been confused due to inadequate sampling and the limitations of morphometrics and meristics in distinguishing species. The validity of the five currently described species, including two species described in 2002, was investigated using morphological characters. These characters included 25 morphometric measurements, otolith morphology, colouration, and counts of scales, vertebrae and spines in unpaired fins. Samples were collected from the described distributions of M. spechti Schreitmüller, 1936 and M. erythropterus Freyhof & Herder, 2002 in central Vietnam, and of M. hongkongensis Freyhof & Herder, 2002 in Hong Kong. Populations of M. hongkongensis were newly recorded in eastern Guangdong and Fujian Provinces, P.R. China. M. opercularis (Linnaeus, 1758) was also collected close to these locations and in the major intervening drainages. Macropodus ocellatus Cantor, 1842 was collected from Chongqing Municipality, China, and samples augmented by some museum specimens. The latter species could be distinguished from other species of the genus by both meristic and morphometric characters. The species M. spechti, M. erythropterus, M. hongkongensis and M. opercularis could not be reliably distinguished from each other by meristic and morphometric characters. Otolith morphology did not distinguish any species. Colouration discriminated all species except M. spechti / M. erythropterus. As a result, M. erythropterus Freyhof & Herder, 2002 was undiagnosable on the basis of morphology. The presence of M. hongkongensis in eastern Guangdong and Fujian Provinces, in addition to Hong Kong, indicates that distribution of this recently-described species clearly requires further investigation in south-eastern China.
Proposed amendment of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to expand and refine methods of publication
Authors: ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION
Published: June 2019

For 250 years, taxonomists have relied on having access to physical copies of published works in order to verify information about taxa. The difficulty of tracking down publications can be a substantial impediment to taxonomic work, which has led some researchers to advocate modifying the codes of nomenclature, for plants and bacteria as well as for animals, to allow electronic publication of scientific names (Knapp et al. 2007, Wheeler & Krell 2007).
Opening the door to electronic publication of zoological nomenclature and taxonomy
Authors: ZHANG ZHI-QIANG
Published: June 2019

On pages 57–67 of this issue of Zootaxa we publish a notice entitled “Proposed amendment of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to expand and refine methods of publication” by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 2008).  We publish this notice under the “Creative Commons Attribution License” (for information about this license, see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) to make it freely available online for everyone to read, download, copy, distribute, and use (with attribution). Zootaxa is now the most important journal in zoological taxonomy with the largest base of editors and authors (over 5000) and the highest rate of online access use.  It is opportune for Zootaxa to help publicise this important notice by ICZN so that it reaches the widest readership possible.
A new highland species of Arthrosaura Boulenger, 1885 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Maringma tepui on the border of Guyana and Brazil
Authors: KOK PHILIPPE J. R.
Published: June 2019

A new species of Arthrosaura (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) is described based on a female specimen obtained at 2112 m above sea level on Mount Maringma, a poorly known sandstone flat-topped table mountain (tepui) located in the eastern Pakaraima Mountains, at the Guyana-Brazil border. Arthrosaura hoogmoedi sp. nov. is mainly distinguished from its known congeners by the following combination of characters: four supraoculars, prefrontals in contact with loreals, lower eyelid opaque, 32–33 smooth temporal scales, middorsal scales distinctly narrower than adjacent dorsal scales, and a dark brown dorsum with a black middorsal stripe from nape to tail, and a tan ill-defined dorsolateral line from nape to midbody.
Taxonomy, biology, and efficacy of two Australian parasitoids of the eucalyptus gall wasp, Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae)
Authors: KIM IL-KWON , MENDEL ZVI , PROTASOV ALEXEY , BLUMBERG DANIEL , LA SALLE JOHN
Published: June 2019

Two species of Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Australia are described as parasitoids of Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle: Quadrastichus mendeli Kim & La Salle sp.nov. and Selitrichodes kryceri Kim & La Salle sp. nov. These parasitoids were introduced to Israel as part of a biological control program to counter the severe levels of damage caused by L. invasa to Eucalyptus plantations throughout the Mediterranean Basin. The biology of these species, as well as their potential as biological control agents, is discussed. Both species are now successfully established in Israel. The parasitoids were collected from L. invasa galls on 3–4 year old Eucalyptus tereticornis trees in central west Queensland, between Gympie and Hervey Bay, and on the Atherton Tableland. Both species are small (about 1 mm in length), solitary, and apparently ectoparasitic wasps. S. kryceri is biparental whereas Q. mendeli is uniparental. Maximum survival (~ 6 days at 25°C) for both species was obtained when they were fed with honey solution. S. kryceri and Q. mendeli successfully parasitized approximately 2.2 and 2.5 gall units per day, respectively. Both species developed on both young and mature host larvae. L. invasa may be considered as an early colonizer of regenerated young stands in Australia, which may imply that its parasitoids will display a similar fast-tracking behavior with respect to their host in its invasive range. The generic status of Selitrichodes is reinstated, with Epomphaloides and Zagrammosomoides placed as new synonyms of Selitrichodes.
Lasiopteridi (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) with aciculate ovipositor and larval puparium
Authors: HARRIS KEITH M.
Published: June 2019

The Acer seed midge, a new species and genus of gall midge, Acumyia acericola (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is described on the basis of larval, pupal and adult specimens from collections made at Hainault Forest and Lambourne Common, Essex, and other parts of the UK, during 2006–08. The new genus is distinguished from all known genera of Cecidomyiidae by the combination of a larval puparium and an aciculate ovipositor. It is assigned to the supertribe Lasiopteridi and probably belongs in the tribe Dasineurini. Larvae develop in the ovular cavities of field maple, Acer campestre L., and Norway maple, A. platanoides L., and prevent seed development. Observations suggest that this species is biennial, with final instar larvae surviving for at least two years in Acer seeds lying in leaf litter and soil. The species has been recorded from Acer seeds in continental Europe and plant quarantine interceptions in the USA indicate that the same or similar species are present in Japan and China. Two puparia, possibly of this species, were discovered recently in A. palmatum fruits collected in Honshu, northern Japan.
The Iceland Greenland Seas Project
Authors: Renfrew I. A. , Pickart R. S. , Våge K. , Moore G. W. K. , Bracegirdle T. J. , Elvidge A. D. , Jeansson E. , Lachlan-Cope T. , McRaven L. T. , Papritz L. , Reuder J. , Sodemann H. , Terpstra A. , Waterman S. , Valdimarsson H. , Weiss A. , Almansi M. , Bahr F. , Brakstad A. , Barrell C. , Brooke J. K. , Brooks B. J. , Brooks I. M. , Brooks M. E. , Bruvik E. M. , Duscha C. , Fer I. , Golid H. M. , Hallerstig M. , Hessevik I. , Huang J. , Houghton L. , Jónsson S. , Jonassen M. , Jackson K. , Kvalsund K. , Kolstad E. W. , Konstali K. , Kristiansen J. , Ladkin R. , Lin P. , Macrander A. , Mitchell A. , Olafsson H. , Pacini A. , Payne C. , Palmason B. , Pérez-Hernández M. D. , Peterson A. K. , Petersen G. N. , Pisareva M. N. , Pope J. O. , Seidl A. , Semper S. , Sergeev D. , Skjelsvik S. , Søiland H. , Smith D. , Spall M. A. , Spengler T. , Touzeau A. , Tupper G. , Weng Y. , Williams K. D. , Yang X. , Zhou S.
Published: June 2019

The Iceland Greenland Seas Project (IGP) is a coordinated atmosphere–ocean research program investigating climate processes in the source region of the densest waters of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. During February and March 2018, a field campaign was executed over the Iceland and southern Greenland Seas that utilized a range of observing platforms to investigate critical processes in the region, including a research vessel, a research aircraft, moorings, sea gliders, floats, and a meteorological buoy. A remarkable feature of the field campaign was the highly coordinated deployment of the observing platforms, whereby the research vessel and aircraft tracks were planned in concert to allow simultaneous sampling of the atmosphere, the ocean, and their interactions. This joint planning was supported by tailor-made convection-permitting weather forecasts and novel diagnostics from an ensemble prediction system. The scientific aims of the IGP are to characterize the atmospheric forcing and the ocean response of coupled processes; in particular, cold-air outbreaks in the vicinity of the marginal ice zone and their triggering of oceanic heat loss, and the role of freshwater in the generation of dense water masses. The campaign observed the life cycle of a long-lasting cold-air outbreak over the Iceland Sea and the development of a cold-air outbreak over the Greenland Sea. Repeated profiling revealed the immediate impact on the ocean, while a comprehensive hydrographic survey provided a rare picture of these subpolar seas in winter. A joint atmosphere–ocean approach is also being used in the analysis phase, with coupled observational analysis and coordinated numerical modeling activities underway.
Efficient Modeling of the Interaction of Mesoscale Gravity Waves with Unbalanced Large-Scale Flows: Pseudomomentum-Flux Convergence versus Direct Approach
Authors: Wei Junhong , Bölöni Gergely , Achatz Ulrich
Published: June 2019

This paper compares two different approaches for the efficient modeling of subgrid-scale inertia–gravity waves in a rotating compressible atmosphere. The first approach, denoted as the pseudomomentum scheme, exploits the fact that in a Lagrangian-mean reference frame the response of a large-scale flow can only be due to forcing momentum. Present-day gravity wave parameterizations follow this route. They do so, however, in an Eulerian-mean formulation. Transformation to that reference frame leads, under certain assumptions, to pseudomomentum-flux convergence by which the momentum is to be forced. It can be shown that this approach is justified if the large-scale flow is in geostrophic and hydrostatic balance. Otherwise, elastic and thermal effects might be lost. In the second approach, called the direct scheme and not relying on such assumptions, the large-scale flow is forced both in the momentum equation, by anelastic momentum-flux convergence and an additional elastic term, and in the entropy equation, via entropy-flux convergence. A budget analysis based on one-dimensional wave packets suggests that the comparison between the abovementioned two schemes should be sensitive to the following two parameters: 1) the intrinsic frequency and 2) the wave packet scale. The smaller the intrinsic frequency is, the greater their differences are. More importantly, with high-resolution wave-resolving simulations as a reference, this study shows conclusive evidence that the direct scheme is more reliable than the pseudomomentum scheme, regardless of whether one-dimensional or two-dimensional wave packets are considered. In addition, sensitivity experiments are performed to further investigate the relative importance of each term in the direct scheme, as well as the wave–mean flow interactions during the wave propagation.
Cosmetic-Related Injuries Treated in US Emergency Departments: 2002 to 2016
Authors: Vajda Jordan , McAdams Rebecca J. , Roberts Kristin J. , Zhu Motao , McKenzie Lara B.
Published: June 2019

A retrospective analysis was conducted by using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for children <5 years who were treated in US emergency departments (EDs) from 2002-2016) for a cosmetic-related injury. An estimated 64 686 (95% confidence interval = 53 037-76 335) children were treated in EDs for cosmetic-related injuries during the 15-year study period. There was no significant change in the rate (slope = 1.1 per 10 000 children per year, P = .95) of injuries over the study period. Injuries were most commonly associated with nail care (28.3%), hair care (27.0%), skin care (25.0%), and fragrance (12.7%) products. Children aged <2 years were most frequently injured (59.3%), and poisoning was the most common diagnosis (86.2%). To our knowledge, this is the first study to use a nationally representative sample to describe the epidemiology of cosmetic-related injuries among children aged <5 years. Unintentional exposure to cosmetics is an important source of injury for young children.
Traditional Political Institutions and Democracy: Reassessing Their Compatibility and Accountability
Authors: Baldwin Kate , Holzinger Katharina
Published: June 2019

This article revisits prominent frameworks for understanding traditional political institutions which make pessimistic assessments about their compatibility with democracy. Traditional political institutions are often assumed to be unaccountable because they are led by undemocratic leaders who are not subject to electoral sanctioning. However, drawing on new information from the TradGov Group dataset, an expert survey on the contemporary practices of more than 1,400 ethnic groups that currently have traditional political institutions, we show that these institutions contain their own distinct mechanisms of accountability. In a majority of cases, decision-making is consensual and leaders must account for their actions in various ways. We challenge the electoral accountability framework for understanding the quality of traditional leaders’ performance, instead arguing that traditional political institutions can be compatible with democracy and even accountable to their citizens insofar as they adopt inclusive decision-making processes and their leaders have strong nonelectoral connections to the communities they represent.
Rethinking Democratic Diffusion: Bringing Regime Type Back In
Authors: Goldring Edward , Greitens Sheena Chestnut
Published: June 2019

Studies of democratic diffusion often emphasize geographic proximity: democratization in a country or region makes democratization nearby more likely. We argue that regime type has been underappreciated; authoritarian breakdown and democratization often diffuse along networks of similar regimes. A regime’s type affects its vulnerability to popular challenge, and regime similarity increases the likelihood that protest strategies developed against one regime are effective against similar regimes. We employ a qualitative case study from China to generate our theory, then test it quantitatively and with out-of-sample cases. We find that regime similarity strongly predicts autocratic breakdown and democratic diffusion, making both outcomes more likely. Including regime similarity significantly reduces the effect of geographic proximity, although geographic proximity may increase the effect of regime similarity. Reinterpreting democratic diffusion as a regime-type phenomenon calls for revision to conventional wisdom on the role of international factors in authoritarian breakdown and democratization.