bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Imaging in the Staging and Response Assessment of Lymphoma: Consensus of the International Conference on Malignant Lymphomas Imaging Working Group
Authors: Barrington Sally F. , Mikhaeel N. George , Kostakoglu Lale , Meignan Michel , Hutchings Martin , Müeller Stefan P. , Schwartz Lawrence H. , Zucca Emanuele , Fisher Richard I. , Trotman Judith , Hoekstra Otto S. , Hicks Rodney J. , O'Doherty Michael J. , Hustinx Roland , Biggi Alberto , Cheson Bruce D.
Published: August 2014

Purpose

Recent advances in imaging, use of prognostic indices, and molecular profiling techniques have the potential to improve disease characterization and outcomes in lymphoma. International trials are under way to test image-based response–adapted treatment guided by early interim positron emission tomography (PET) –computed tomography (CT). Progress in imaging is influencing trial design and affecting clinical practice. In particular, a five-point scale to grade response using PET-CT, which can be adapted to suit requirements for early- and late-response assessment with good interobserver agreement, is becoming widely used both in practice- and response-adapted trials. A workshop held at the 11th International Conference on Malignant Lymphomas (ICML) in 2011 concluded that revision to current staging and response criteria was timely.

Methods

An imaging working group composed of representatives from major international cooperative groups was asked to review the literature, share knowledge about research in progress, and identify key areas for research pertaining to imaging and lymphoma.

Results

A working paper was circulated for comment and presented at the Fourth International Workshop on PET in Lymphoma in Menton, France, and the 12th ICML in Lugano, Switzerland, to update the International Harmonisation Project guidance regarding PET. Recommendations were made to optimize the use of PET-CT in staging and response assessment of lymphoma, including qualitative and quantitative methods.

Conclusion

This article comprises the consensus reached to update guidance on the use of PET-CT for staging and response assessment for [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-avid lymphomas in clinical practice and late-phase trials.
GLP-1 Receptor Stimulation of the Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus Reduces Food Intake: Neuroanatomical, Electrophysiological, and Behavioral Evidence
Authors: Richard Jennifer E. , Farkas Imre , Anesten Fredrik , Anderberg Rozita H. , Dickson Suzanne L. , Gribble Fiona M. , Reimann Frank , Jansson John-Olov , Liposits Zsolt , Skibicka Karolina P.
Published: August 2014

The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) is a key nucleus for the regulation of feeding behavior. Inhibitory inputs from the hypothalamus to the PBN play a crucial role in the normal maintenance of feeding behavior, because their loss leads to starvation. Viscerosensory stimuli result in neuronal activation of the PBN. However, the origin and neurochemical identity of the excitatory neuronal input to the PBN remain largely unexplored. Here, we hypothesize that hindbrain glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) neurons provide excitatory inputs to the PBN, activation of which may lead to a reduction in feeding behavior. Our data, obtained from mice expressing the yellow fluorescent protein in GLP-1-producing neurons, revealed that hindbrain GLP-1-producing neurons project to the lateral PBN (lPBN). Stimulation of lPBN GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs) reduced the intake of chow and palatable food and decreased body weight in rats. It also activated lPBN neurons, reflected by an increase in the number of c-Fos-positive cells in this region. Further support for an excitatory role of GLP-1 in the PBN is provided by electrophysiological studies showing a remarkable increase in firing of lPBN neurons after Exendin-4 application. We show that within the PBN, GLP-1R activation increased gene expression of 2 energy balance regulating peptides, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and IL-6. Moreover, nearly 70% of the lPBN GLP-1 fibers innervated lPBN CGRP neurons. Direct intra-lPBN CGRP application resulted in anorexia. Collectively, our molecular, anatomical, electrophysiological, pharmacological, and behavioral data provide evidence for a functional role of the GLP-1R for feeding control in the PBN.
Feeding rates and under-ice foraging strategies of the smallest lunge filter feeder, the Antarctic minke whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis)
Authors: Friedlaender A. S. , Goldbogen J. A. , Nowacek D. P. , Read A. J. , Johnston D. , Gales N.
Published: August 2014

Body size and feeding mode are two fundamental characteristics that determine foraging performance and ecological niche. As the smallest obligate lunge filter feeders, minke whales represent an ideal system for studying the physical and energetic limits of filter feeding in endotherms. We used multi-sensor suction cup tags to quantify the feeding performance of Antarctic minke whales. Foraging dives around and beneath sea ice contained up to 24 lunges per dive, the highest feeding rates for any lunge-feeding whale. Their small size allows minke whales access to krill in sea-ice environments not easily accessible to larger baleen whales. Furthermore, their ability to filter feed provides an advantage over other smaller sympatric krill predators such as penguins and seals that feed on individual prey. The unique combination of body size, feeding mechanism and sea-ice habitat of Antarctic minke whales defines a previously undocumented energetic niche that is unique among aquatic vertebrates.
The “Most Popular News” Recommender: Count Amplification and Manipulation Resistance
Authors: Prawesh Shankar , Padmanabhan Balaji
Published: August 2014

A broad motivation for our research is to build manipulation resistant news recommender systems. There are several algorithms that can be used to generate news recommendations, and the strategies for manipulation resistance are likely specific to the algorithm (or class of algorithm) used. In this paper, we will focus on a common method used on the front page by many media sites of recommending the N most popular articles (e.g., New York Times, BBC, CNN, Wall Street Journal all prominently use this). We show that whereas recommendation of the N most read articles is easily susceptible to manipulation, a probabilistic variant is more robust to common manipulation strategies. Furthermore, for the “N most popular” recommender, probabilistic selection has other desirable properties. Specifically, the (N + 1) th article, which may have just missed making the cut-off, is unduly penalized under common user models. Small differences are easily amplified initially, an observation that can be used by manipulators. Probabilistic selection, on the other hand, creates no such artificial penalty. We use classical results from urn models to derive theoretical results for special cases and study specific properties of the probabilistic recommender.
Linear Tests for Decreasing Absolute Risk Aversion Stochastic Dominance
Authors: Post Thierry , Fang Yi , Kopa Miloš
Published: August 2014

We develop and implement linear formulations of convex stochastic dominance relations based on decreasing absolute risk aversion (DARA) for discrete and polyhedral choice sets. Our approach is based on a piecewise-exponential representation of utility and a local linear approximation to the exponentiation of log marginal utility. An empirical application to historical stock market data suggests that a passive stock market portfolio is DARA stochastic dominance inefficient relative to concentrated portfolios of small-cap stocks. The mean-variance rule and Nth-order stochastic dominance rules substantially underestimate the degree of market portfolio inefficiency because they do not penalize the unfavorable skewness of diversified portfolios, in violation of DARA.

This paper was accepted by James Smith, decision analysis.
Repurchasing Debt
Authors: Mao Lei , Tserlukevich Yuri
Published: August 2014

In this paper we build a theoretical model of a firm repurchasing its corporate debt. We find that firm creditors as a group sell debt to the firm only at face value. However, because of the cross-creditor externalities, buying back debt is cheaper and easier when there are many creditors, e.g., when debt is traded on the open market. We further show that repurchases contribute to flexibility in firms' capital structure and can increase ex ante firm value. The value of repurchases to the shareholders increases with the firm's ability to save cash and delay the repurchase.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1965 .

This paper was accepted by Brad Barber, finance.
Multi-Level Factors Affecting Entry into and Engagement in the HIV Continuum of Care in Iringa, Tanzania
Authors: Layer Erica H. , Kennedy Caitlin E. , Beckham S. Wilson , Mbwambo Jessie K. , Likindikoki Samuel , Davis Wendy W. , Kerrigan Deanna L. , Brahmbhatt Heena ,   the LTC Tanzania Collaborative Study Team
Published: August 2014

Progression through the HIV continuum of care, from HIV testing to lifelong retention in antiretroviral therapy (ART) care and treatment programs, is critical to the success of HIV treatment and prevention efforts. However, significant losses occur at each stage of the continuum and little is known about contextual factors contributing to disengagement at these stages. This study sought to explore multi-level barriers and facilitators influencing entry into and engagement in the continuum of care in Iringa, Tanzania. We used a mixed-methods study design including facility-based assessments and interviews with providers and clients of HIV testing and treatment services; interviews, focus group discussions and observations with community-based providers and clients of HIV care and support services; and longitudinal interviews with men and women living with HIV to understand their trajectories in care. Data were analyzed using narrative analysis to identify key themes across levels and stages in the continuum of care. Participants identified multiple compounding barriers to progression through the continuum of care at the individual, facility, community and structural levels. Key barriers included the reluctance to engage in HIV services while healthy, rigid clinic policies, disrespectful treatment from service providers, stock-outs of supplies, stigma and discrimination, alternate healing systems, distance to health facilities and poverty. Social support from family, friends or support groups, home-based care providers, income generating opportunities and community mobilization activities facilitated engagement throughout the HIV continuum. Findings highlight the complex, multi-dimensional dynamics that individuals experience throughout the continuum of care and underscore the importance of a holistic and multi-level perspective to understand this process. Addressing barriers at each level is important to promoting increased engagement throughout the continuum.
Risiken des Widerstandes
Authors: Scharathow Wiebke
Published: August 2014

Rassismus gilt in Deutschland gemeinhin als Ausnahmephänomen, das nur am rechten Rand der Gesellschaft auftritt. Ein solches Verständnis ignoriert jedoch, dass er ein bedeutsamer Teil gesellschaftlicher Wirklichkeit ist und sich vielfältig manifestiert. Ausgehend von den Perspektiven Jugendlicher, die Rassismus erfahren, bietet Wiebke Scharathow einen Einblick in die Alltäglichkeit des Rassismus. Die Studie rekonstruiert, was Rassismus für diese Jugendlichen bedeutet, auf welche gesellschaftlichen Verhältnisse und sozialen Bedingungen ihre Erfahrungen verweisen, mit welchen Herausforderungen sie in Anbetracht ungleicher Machtverhältnisse konfrontiert sind und wie sie mit Rassismus angesichts beengender und riskanter Handlungsbedingungen umgehen.
Schöne, queere Zeiten?
Authors: Gössl Martin J.
Published: August 2014

Geschlechterrollen, sexuelle Orientierungen und Identitäten, Machtgefälle sowie vieles mehr sind schon seit Jahrzehnten im Fokus gender- und queertheoretischer Wissenschaften. Tiefgreifende Analysen, statistische Erhebungen und interdisziplinäre Forschungsvorhaben führen dabei neue und wichtige Erkenntnisse zu Tage. Doch wie hat sich dadurch unsere moderne Gesellschaft verändert? Dieser Frage stellt sich Martin J. Gössl und setzt hierfür die Ergebnisse der Wissenschaft realen Gegebenheiten gegenüber: Geschlecht, Sexualität, Liebe, Schönheit, Perfektion oder Intimität - also Wirklichkeiten gelebter Existenzen - finden eine Reflexion auf queerer Basis.
Digitale Integration von Migranten?
Authors: Hinkelbein Oliver
Published: August 2014

Mit der Lissabon-Strategie wollten die europäischen Staats- und Regierungschefs die EU zum wettbewerbsfähigsten und dynamischsten wissensgestützten Wirtschaftsraum der Welt machen. Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien gelten in diesen Fortschrittsvorstellungen als Innovationsmotor. Die digitale Spaltung der Bevölkerung wird hingegen als Gefahr betrachtet, der man mit Fördermaßnahmen für Benachteiligte entgegentritt. Oliver Hinkelbein untersucht die Entwicklung und Umsetzung von Strategien zur »digitalen Integration von Migranten« in staatlichen und zivilgesellschaftlichen Organisationen in Deutschland. Im Fokus seiner ethnographischen Studie stehen die handelnden Akteure und ihre Netzwerke.
Rosa Zeiten?
Authors: Beljan Magdalena
Published: August 2014

Schwul zu sein scheint zumindest in Deutschland längst zur Normalität zu gehören. Und trotzdem sind Medien und Gesellschaft noch Jahrzehnte nach der angeblichen »sexuellen Befreiung« um »1968« außerordentlich interessiert daran, wer homosexuell ist und wer nicht. Denn Schwulsein bedeutet seit den 1970er Jahren weit mehr als einfach nur Sex mit Männern zu haben: Mit Michel Foucault lässt es sich als eine bestimmte Form der Subjektivierung und einer damit verbundenen Normalisierung beschreiben. Es geht also nicht allein um Sex, wenn wir uns dafür interessieren, ob jemand schwul ist. Es geht darum, wer er »eigentlich« ist - eine Vorstellung mit durchwegs bewegter Geschichte, wie dieses Buch zeigt.
Technological Progress and the Environmental Kuznets Curve in the Twenty Regions of Italy
Authors: Baiardi Donatella
Published: August 2014

The paper explores the relationship between per capita income and three air pollutants, CO, NMVOCs, and SO
x
, using a novel dataset based on the 20 regions of Italy. Given the central role of technological progress in long-term environmental problems, we empirically investigate the influence of innovation on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). The estimation results validate the existence of an EKC for the three air pollutants considered. Furthermore, the influence of innovation on the inverse-U-shaped curve identified by the theoretical literature is in general empirically confirmed. Finally, the same conclusions also hold when using another dataset related to the aggregate national economy rather than separate regions.
Functional Properties of Re-fabricated Rice as Affected by Die During Extrusion Process
Authors: Zameer Hussain Syed , Singh Baljit
Published: August 2014

In order to obtain re-fabricated rice with properties similar to natural rice, a special cutter and six dies were designed and evaluated. All the dimensional and physical properties of re-fabricated rice were significantly affected by die type. The average values of all the properties studied increased with the increase in moisture content (from 10 to 14%), except length/breadth ratio and porosity which decreased with the increase in moisture content. Based on the dimensional and physical properties, the re-fabricated rice obtained through die IV (8 × 1.5 mm) was in close resemblance to natural rice (PR-116). In general, uncooked and cooked re-fabricated rice grains showed significantly harder and firm texture in comparison to natural rice. Furthermore, significant differences were observed with respect to colour, whiteness and translucence between re-fabricated rice samples and natural rice. Sensory evaluation data revealed significant decrease in oral tenderness and adhesiveness in re-fabricated rice against natural rice. The study demonstrated that appropriate design of extrusion die is determinant factor for developing re-fabricated rice with properties similar to natural rice.
The use of second person pronouns in a literary work
Authors: de Hoop Helen , Hogeweg Lotte
Published: August 2014

For this study we investigated all occurrences of Dutch second person pronoun subjects in a literary novel, and determined their interpretation. We found two patterns that can both be argued to be functionally related to the de-velopment of the story. First, we found a decrease in the generic use of second person, a decrease which we believe goes hand in hand with an increased distancing of oneself as a reader from the narrator/main character. Second, we found an increase in the use of the descriptive second person. The increased descriptive use of second person pronouns towards the end of the novel is very useful for the reader, because the information provided by the first person narrator himself becomes less and less reliable. Thus, the reader depends more strongly on information provided by other characters and what these characters tell the narrator about himself.
ATTHIS, GYRINNO, AND OTHER HETAIRAI: FEMALE PERSONAL NAMES IN SAPPHO’S POETRY
Authors: Schlesier Renate
Published: August 2014

In her extant poetry, Sappho uses fourteen female personal names, four of which are not attested elsewhere. The essay is the first attempt to provide a comprehensive analysis of all of them. The results challenge the opinion, still prevailing in scholarship today, that Sappho’s companions were adolescent girls forming an educational or initiatory group, led by the poetess, that prepared them for respectable marriages. As a matter of fact, the female proper names in Sappho belong to four categories: ethnics, abstract nouns, nicknames and mythological names. According to the onomastic conventions of ancient Greece, names of all these categories typically denote females as slaves and courtesans, at least until the Hellenistic period. Thus it is argued that Sappho’s nomenclature creates a ‘reality effect’, implying furthermore that her use of the term hetairai (‘companions’) - and likewise of kalai and philai - could also point to the status of courtesans in the technical sense. This best fits the emphasis put on female beauty, seductiveness and musical skills, but also on invective and rivalry. Under the auspices of Aphrodite and from a female perspective, Sappho’s poems feature erotic experiences with lovers of both sexes as well as the reflection of those loves’ vicissitudes. The world imagined and displayed in her songs would therefore be mainly related to the symposion as the dominating realm of archaic poetry. This is how Sappho’s work was actually received in antiquity.
SUL TESTO DI CATULLO 2, 5–8
Authors: Ortoleva Vincenzo
Published: August 2014

There have been many interpretations of Catullus’ poem 2 (on his girlfriend’s sparrow) and especially of verses 5-8. The first part of this study presents the status quaestionis, listing the main interpretations and conjectures (but omitting those which alter the transmitted text unnecessarily). In the second part two new interpretations of vv. 5-8 are advanced, without modifying the text of manuscripts OGR. According to the first, the words cum desiderio meo … lubet iocari are understood as a substantive clause dependent on the verb credo, which also governs et solaciolum as a predicative. Alternatively, solaciolum may be taken as predicative of an understood object te (also dependent on credo) referring to passer in the first verse. In either case, ut cum (which occurs in Quintilian, but with the subjunctive and in a causal sense) with the transmitted future acquiescet can have temporal force, as recently argued by Paul Claes (see also Boeth. cons. 2, 2, 10: … ne uti
cum ludicri mei ratio poscet descendere iniuriam putes)56.
REDEN ZU GOTT, BETEN ZU GÖTTERN
Authors: Hömke Nicola
Published: August 2014

For the occasion of his consulate in AD 379, Ausonius composed inter alia three hexameter Precationes and one Gratiarum actio addressed to the Emperor Gratian. Despite the shared context, in these three texts Ausonius presents entirely different ideas of the divine: on the one hand a polytheistic outlook with Phoebus, Tritonia and Victoria in prec. 1 and Ianus, Annus and Sol in prec. 2, but on the other hand in the Gratiarum
actio a god who is clearly characterised as monotheistic (but not explicitly Christian), an aeternus omnium
genitor and opifex et causa mundi.

Rather than pursue the scholarly debate about Ausonius’ own ambivalent religious outlook, this paper examines the decisive role which the context of speech, the conventions of literary genre and the rhetorical strategy play in the question of which model of god Ausonius presents in each case and how he addresses the god(s).
Production and use of 13N labeled N2O5 to determine gas–aerosol interaction kinetics
Authors: Gržinić Goran , Bartels-Rausch Thorsten , Birrer Mario , Türler Andreas , Ammann Markus
Published: August 2014

Dinitrogen pentoxide has aroused significant interest in atmospheric chemistry because of its importance in the night time chemistry of
nitrogen oxides to influence the tropospheric oxidation capacity. We have used an established method of 13N production to
synthesize 13N labeled N2O5 for the first time in order to study N2O5 uptake kinetics on aerosol
particles. 13N is produced via the 16O(p, α)13N reaction in a gas target attached to
the IP2 endstation of the Injector 2 cyclotron at PSI. The 13NO produced in the gas target is transported to a laboratory
where it is mixed, under dry conditions, with non-labeled NO and O3 in a gas reactor, giving 13NNO5. The
N2O5 thus produced is fed into an aerosol flow tube together with a humidified aerosol gas flow. The gaseous species
present in the resulting gas flow are selectively separated via a narrow parallel plate diffusion denuder system, while
aerosol particles can be trapped on a particle filter placed at the end of the denuder system. The activity of the 13N
labeled species trapped on the denuder plates and in the particle filter can be monitored via scintillation counters.
A system for the routine online production of 13N labeled N2O5 has been assembled and used to assess the
conformity of the results by kinetic modeling of gas phase N2O5 chemistry, showing good agreement. A few exemplary
experiments of uptake of labelled N2O5 to ammonium sulfate and citric acid particles are presented that are in good
agreement with results obtained with other methods reported in the literature.
Gene set analysis for GWAS: assessing the use of modified Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics
Authors: Debrabant Birgit , Soerensen Mette
Published: August 2014

We discuss the use of modified Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) statistics in the context of gene set analysis and review corresponding null and alternative hypotheses. Especially, we show that, when enhancing the impact of highly significant genes in the calculation of the test statistic, the corresponding test can be considered to infer the classical self-contained null hypothesis. We use simulations to estimate the power for different kinds of alternatives, and to assess the impact of the weight parameter of the modified KS statistic on the power. Finally, we show the analogy between the weight parameter and the genesis and distribution of the gene-level statistics, and illustrate the effects of differential weighting in a real-life example.
Political and Economic Effects on Greenhouse Gas Emissions – a Quantitative Study
Authors: Lægreid Ole Martin
Published: August 2014

This study examines whether there is a curve linear relationship between economic development and greenhouse gas emissions, where poor and rich countries have low emissions while middle-income countries have high emissions. This is a controversial argument that suggests that persistent economic growth is the best means for achieving considerable emission reductions. The study contributes with new knowledge about the causes of variations in greenhouse gas emissions, by analyzing data for greenhouse gas emissions and testing economic explanations in relation to a broad array of political explanations. As the study demonstrates, there is a curve linear relationship between the level of economic development and greenhouse gas emissions, but the turning point – where a higher level of economic development starts to produce lower rather than higher emission levels – is far higher than previously thought. Among the study’s sample of countries, only the Scandinavian countries and Switzerland have experienced a sufficiently high level of economic development in order for increased wealth to result in lower emissions. Among the political impacts on greenhouse gas emissions, the study indicates that countries with consensual political systems produce lower emission levels than countries where the separation of powers is more centralized. A more robust “green” civil society leads to lower emissions in countries where the democratic system is functioning well, and ambitious targets regarding reduction of emissions in the Kyoto Protocol also seems to lower emissions.
Los continuos dialectales de la lengua española
Authors: Coloma Germán
Published: August 2014

El presente trabajo busca identificar los principales continuos dialectales de la lengua española a través de la comparación de ocho características fonéticas (seseo, yeísmo, aspiración de /s/, aspiración de /x/, asibilación de /ʝ/, asibilación de /r/, velarización de /n/ y desafricación de /tʃ/) que sirven para delimitar zonas dialectales. Utilizando un criterio dialectométrico amplio, se llega a la conclusión de que en el mundo hispanohablante existen dos grandes continuos dialectales: uno que abarca el norte, centro y este de la península ibérica (continuo peninsular norteño) y otro que abarca Hispanoamérica y las Islas Canarias (continuo latinoamericano). Aplicando un criterio más estrecho, el primero de tales continuos dialectales queda dividido en dos, y el segundo queda dividido en seis. Con cualquiera de los dos criterios, la zona andaluza queda fragmentada en dos áreas (Andalucía oriental y Andalucía occidental), y la última de ellas no forma parte de ningún continuo dialectal.
Study of Steam and Microwave Curing of Concretes Containing Slag, Fly Ash, or Silica Fume
Authors: Lee Ming-Ju , Lee Ming-Gin , Wang Yung-Chih , Huang Yishuo , Wang Wei-Chien
Published: August 2014

This study investigates the effects of steam and microwave curing on concretes containing fly ash, blast-furnace slag, or silica fume. Two steam curing treatments, four microwave curing times, and four types of concrete mix were used in this study. The test results indicated that microwave heating could further increase the compressive strength of mortar and concrete. Pozzolanic reaction of silica fume, fly ash, and blast-furnace slag was observed to be further promoted by steam-microwave curing. Mortar and concrete samples with 10 % silica fume added responded well to microwave curing. The strength gain development of mortar and concrete appeared to level off after 40 min of microwave curing. Thus, a 40-min microwave heating time appeared to be the optimal time for energy saving consideration. The microwave-cured concrete did not show an increase in permeability relative to the concrete that was steam-cured, but showed an increase in strength. Thus, the microwave techniques could provide the advantage of quick and uniform heating for curing of cement mortar and concrete.
Asset Management of Transportation Project at Planning Level
Authors: Kasi M. , Tyler D. , Zacharias A.
Published: August 2014

The Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) successfully conducted a value planning study to manage the asset value of proposed improvements for a corridor project. The proposed work included reconstruction of the existing road section, addition of several miles of a third lane to carry peak traffic, and bridge reconstruction to accommodate the widened roadway. The study used the following standards as a guide in managing the asset: ASTM E1699-13, ASTM E2013-12, and ASTM E917-05. Using the aforementioned ASTM standards, this study addressed the asset management requirements of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Most of the bridges in this corridor will be rehabilitated instead of reconstructed; pavement reconstruction will be minimized. WisDOT accepted several value engineering recommendations and the estimated construction costs were reduced from $305 × 106 to $198 × 106.
The Philosophy and Logic within UNIFORMAT II Classifications
Authors: Huxley Anthony L.
Published: August 2014

UNIFORMAT II is a mystery to some, and its presumed simplicity has been misunderstood by others. This paper makes clear the underlying principles that guided the original (ASTM E1557), and continue to guide the development of additional, ASTM UNIFORMAT II elemental classifications. This elemental view of construction has its origins in an observed need for cost management during the planning and design phases of buildings, and it has been found to be valuable for other purposes as well. Extension of this concept into other forms of construction is following the same principles of functional classification. UNIFORMAT II classifications of construction work are unique. They do not apply the traditional trade/material classification methodology so well understood by the North American construction industry. Instead they identify, summarize, and allow control of specific, critical, and relevant functional parts, or components, without regard to any proposed design solution within an overall construction entity. In order for this to be successful, a succinct, flexible, and yet structured schema is necessary, which this paper describes. Most industry professionals specialize in their chosen industry sector. In following that general principle, the writing of discrete UNIFORMAT II classifications, tailored to entities within these sectors, is also seen as relevant and valuable. Drawn together as modules, they form an overall project, while still affording description and control at a relevant and meaningful level.
Tachypnea of Infancy as the First Sign of Sanfilippo Syndrome
Authors: Chiang Jackie , Raiman Julian , Cutz Ernest , Solomon Melinda , Dell Sharon
Published: August 2014

This report describes the first known case of Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA presenting with respiratory symptoms and characteristic lung pathology. This case highlights under-recognized areas of systemic involvement and earlier modes of presentation in lysosomal storage disorders as well as the importance of investigating infants who have persistent tachypnea.
Small Geographic Area Variations in Prescription Drug Use
Authors: Weinstein Shelsey J. , House Samantha A. , Chang Chiang-Hua , Wasserman Jared R. , Goodman David C. , Morden Nancy E.
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND:

Despite the frequency of pediatric prescribing little is known about practice differences across small geographic regions and payer type (Medicaid and commercial).

OBJECTIVE:

The goal of this research was to quantify variation in prescription drug use among northern New England children.

METHODS:

Northern New England, all-payer administrative data (2007–2010) permitted study of prescriptions for 949 821 children ages 0 to 17 years (1.75 million person-years [PYs]; 54% Medicaid, 46% commercial). Age- and gender adjusted overall and drug group–specific prescription use was quantified according to payer type (Medicaid or commercial) and within payer type across 69 hospital service areas (HSAs). We measured prescription fills per PY (rate) and annual, mean percentage of the population with any drug group–specific fills (prevalence).

RESULTS:

Overall mean annual prescriptions per PY were 3.4 (commercial) and 5.5 (Medicaid). Generally, these payer type differences were smaller than HSA-level variation within payer type. HSA-level rates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder drug use (5th–95th percentile) varied twofold in Medicaid and more than twofold in commercially insured children; HSA-level antidepressant use varied more than twofold within each payer type. Antacid use varied threefold across HSAs and was highest in infants where commercial use paradoxically exceeded Medicaid. Prevalence of drug use varied as much as rates across HSAs.

CONCLUSIONS:

Prescription use was higher among Medicaid-insured than commercially insured children. Regional variation generally exceeded payer type differences, especially for drugs used in situations of diagnostic and therapeutic uncertainty. Efforts should advance best pediatric prescribing discussions and shared decision-making.
Herpes PCR Testing and Empiric Acyclovir Use Beyond the Neonatal Period
Authors: Gaensbauer James T. , Birkholz Meghan , Pfannenstein Kari , Todd James K.
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND:

Diagnostic strategies based on empirical testing and treatment to identify herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in neonates may not be appropriate for older children in whom the most common presentation of severe infection is encephalitis, a rare and clinically recognizable condition.

METHODS:

Use of acyclovir in infants and children in 6 common non-HSV infection–related diagnosis-related groups was characterized between 1999 and 2012 at 15 US pediatric hospitals by using the Pediatric Health Information System database. Characteristics of non-neonatal patients at 1 institution tested for HSV encephalitis over a 6.5-year period were then analyzed to identify factors associated with potentially unnecessary testing and treatment.

RESULTS:

Acyclovir use increased from 7.6% to 15.6% (P < .001) from 1999 to 2012. Much of this increase came in infants 30 to 60 days of age (82.7% increase, P < .001) and in patients with milder disease severity (44.8% increase, P < .001). Length of stay was increased by 2 days for children treated with acyclovir (P < .001). At our institution, 1394 HSV cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reactions were performed in children >30 days old, with only 3 positive results (0.22%). Comparison of the 3 subjects with positive testing and 55 with negative testing revealed that all cases, but only 4% (95% confidence interval 1.2%–14.0%) of noncases had clinical characteristics typical of HSV encephalitis.

CONCLUSIONS:

Strategies for diagnosis and empirical treatment of suspected HSV encephalitis beyond the neonatal period have trended toward the approach common for neonates without evidence of an increase in disease incidence. This may result in increased medical costs and risk to patients.
The effect of seasonality on the structure of rotifers in a black-water shallow lake in Central Amazonia
Authors: NOVA CLARICE C. , LOPES VANESSA G. , SOUZA LEONARDO COIMBRA E , KOZLOWSKY-SUZUKI BETINA , PEREIRA TALITA A.A. , BRANCO CHRISTINA W.C.
Published: August 2014

Rotifers have often been used as indicators of sudden changes in physical and chemical features of the aquatic environment. Such features vary greatly during flood pulse events in small lakes connected to major floodplains. However, few are the studies that investigate the consequences of the flood pulse in rotifer species composition, abundance, richness and diversity, especially in Amazonian lakes. We analyzed samples from a small blackwater lake of an “igarapé” connected permanently to the Negro river, in Central Amazonia. Samples were taken twice a year for two years, comprising flooding and receding periods of the flood pulse. Rotifer abundance increased significantly after draught events, and electrical conductivity and turbidity were intrinsically related to such variation. Species composition also changed from flooding to receding periods. Some taxa, such as Brachionus zahniseri reductus and Lecane remanei were restricted to receding periods, while Brachionus zahniseri, Brachionus gillardi and Lecane proiecta were only present during flooding. A shift in the composition of rotifer families was observed from one period to another, showing the effect of renewing waters of the flood pulse. These results suggest that the flood pulse acts as a driving force and stressing condition, considerably altering rotifer community dynamics, either changing species composition or decreasing abundance.
O Brasil e a cooperação em defesa: a construção de uma identidade regional no Atlântico Sul
Authors: Abdenur Adriana Erthal , Souza Neto Danilo Marcondes de
Published: August 2014

O artigo analisa a cooperação que o Brasil vem desenvolvendo ao longo do Atlântico Sul, mostrando que o País vem desempenhando o papel de region-builder na construção de uma identidade sul-atlântica com posição de destaque para si. Tais esforços começam a ser contestados por outros atores de dentro e fora da região.
Chinese multinational corporations in Brazil: strategies and implications in energy and telecom sectors
Authors: Becard Danielly Silva Ramos , Macedo Bruno Vieira de
Published: August 2014

This study aims to understand how Chinese enterprises acted in Brazilian energy and telecommunication sectors in the past ten years and whether they would be leading to an increase in the asymmetries between Brazil and China. It argues that the asymmetries presented in the relations are due in large part to successful Chinese enterprises' strategies.
Flexor-extensor relationship knee after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Dagnoni Cristiano Ingo , Bilibiu Jaqueline , Stiehler Susan , Preis Cássio , Bertassoni Neto Luiz
Published: August 2014

Introduction The incidence of knee injuries is very high in young adults. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is the most frequent of them. The isokinetic dynamometry evaluation determines the functional patterns of strength and muscle balance.Objective To compare the isokinetic hamstring/quadriceps peak torque and work ratios of young adults after surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.Methods We selected 33 medical records filed by the Isokinetic laboratory of the Physiotherapy Clinic of the Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), which belonged to patients who had undergone isokinetic assessment at the request of a physiotherapist or physician in Curitiba, Paraná. The tabulated data were: Hamstring/Quadriceps peak torque and work ratios of all injured and non-injured limbs at an angular velocity of 60°/s. Data were processed by the statistical software LHstat. Inferential statistics was used in order to apply the comparison test between means (unpaired t-test) with a confidence interval of 95%.Results The average flexion-extension ratio of the non-involved limb was lower than the involved limb both for peak torque (peak torque ratio of the non-involved limb: 56.1%; peak torque ratio of the involved limb: 66.3%; difference: 10.2%) and work (work ratio of the non-involved limb: 60.1%; work ratio of involved limb: 66.1%; difference: 6%).Conclusion : The average flexion/extension ratio found was adequate for both limbs and variables, however, the subjects presented a greater number of muscle asymmetries in the involved limb than in the non-involved limb.
Childhood mouth-breathing consequences at adult age: ventilatory function and quality of life
Authors: Milanesi Jovana de Moura , Weber Priscila , Berwig Luana Cristina , Ritzel Rodrigo Agne , Silva Ana Maria Toniolo da , Corrêa Eliane Castilhos Rodrigues
Published: August 2014

Introduction Mouth breathing can affect the functions of the respiratory systems and quality of life. For this reason, children who grow up with this stimulus may have implications on physical and psychological aspects at adult age.Objective To evaluate childhood mouth-breathing consequences for the ventilatory function and quality of life at adult age.Materials and methods Prospective, observational and cross-sectional study with 24 adults, between 18 and 30 years old, mouth breathers during childhood, comprised the childhood mouth-breathing group (CMB). The childhood nasal-breathing (CNB) group was composed of 20 adults of the same age, without history of respiratory disease during all their lives. Measurements of maximal respiratory pressures, peak expiratory flow and 6-minute walk test were assessed. In addition, all the volunteers answered the Short Form-36 questionnaire (SF-36).Results The maximal inspiratory (p = 0.001) and expiratory (p = 0.000) pressures as well as the distance in the walk test (p = 0.003) were lower in the COB. The COB also presented lower score in the General Health domain of the SF-36 Questionnaire (p = 0.002).Conclusion Childhood mouth-breathing yields consequences for the ventilatory function at adult age, with lower respiratory muscle strength and functional exercise capacity. Conversely, the quality of life was little affected by the mouth breathing in this study.
Effects of square stepping exercise in patients with sequel of cerebrovascular accident
Authors: Túbero Grazieli Silva , Gobbi Sebastião , Teixeira Camila Vieira Ligo , Pereira Jessica Rodrigues , Shigematsu Ryosuke , Canonici Ana Paula
Published: August 2014

Introduction Cerebral stroke is the interruption of blood flow to the brain and can be classified into hemorrhagic and ischemic. It may result in serious body balance and cognition complications. Kinesiotherapy is a privileged means of rehabilitation.Objective Verify the effects of Square Stepping Exercise (SSE) on cognitive functions, depressive symptoms and the body balance of cerebral stroke sequel patients.Methods Thirteen brain stroke sequel patients were divided into two groups: SSE (SSEG n = 8) and conventional physiotherapy group (PG, n = 5). The SSEG participated only of the SSE training protocol, while the PG participated of its physical therapy routine group, both for 4 months. They were evaluated using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BBRC), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS),Berg Balance Scale(BBS) and Timed Up and Go(TUG).Results The U Mann Whitney test showed no significant differences between groups. In intragroup analysis, the Wilcoxon test showed significant improvement in global cognitive status for PG (p < 0.042), and for SSEG there were positive results for verbal fluency (p < 0.04) and in TUG for number of steps (p < 0.04) and the time (p < 0.02).Conclusion The SSE seems to benefit dynamic balance, influencing gait agility, cognition related to verbal fluency and may have contributed to maintain other cognitive functions.
Expert support system for occupational therapist in the identification of sensory profile
Authors: Pereira Thais Caroline , Carvalho Deborah Ribeiro , Moro Claudia Maria Cabral
Published: August 2014

Introduction Based on the increasing usability of technology in healthcare, this paper discusses the use of an expert system (ES) to identify the sensory profile of patients starting Occupational Therapy, allowing the professional to make assertive decisions in establishing priorities in the therapeutic plan.Objective To develop a decision support system from the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile.Method Structuring of an ES based on Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile, from terms translation into Portuguese, identification of variables and domain values involved, and construction of production rules.Results Twelve variables were registered for the construction of the ES, 6 of these were treated as goal-variables, 20 rules being built.Conclusion This ES is an important support to the occupational therapist in the decision-making process of treatment plans, determining priorities and respecting the sensory profile of each child. In addition, it must be noted that there is no equivalent system.
Comparison of the electrical activity in upper trapezius and wrist extensor muscles during two typewriting conditions
Authors: Comel João Carlos , Batista Junior João Pedro , Chini Eliana Paula , Pereira Hugo Maxwell , Carregaro Rodrigo Luiz , Cardoso Jefferson Rosa
Published: August 2014

Introduction The proper use of the position of the arm and wrist while typing may reduce muscle overload and prevent musculoskeletal disorders.Objective To evaluate the electromyographic activity of upper trapezius and wrist extensor muscles during two typewriting conditions.Materials and methods : Six healthy females (Xage = 42 years,SD= 10), (Xheight = 1.65m, SD = 0.05) and (Xweight = 71kg, SD = 16) participated in this study. The task was performed with a newly developed arm support and without the support. A perceived exertion scale was used with all subjects. An ANOVA with repeated measures was used to verify differences in perceived exertion and root mean square (RMS).Results There were no statistically significant differences for the RMS between the typewriting tasks. The condition without arm support presented a significantly greater mean velocity and amount of words typed (P= 0.02; P= 0.03) and there was a significant difference in perceived exertion during the condition without arm support (P= 0.03). Electromyographic activity did not present differences.Conclusion The muscle electrical activity was not altered regardless the arm support and occurred the improvement of the perceived exertion after 10 minutes of typing without support. Long-term studies are needed.
Impacto do exercício na dor crônica
Authors: Oliveira Marlon Alves Subtil da , Fernandes Ricardo de Souza Campos , Daher Samir Salin
Published: August 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: A dor é uma experiência subjetiva, que pode resultar de características teciduais, mas que também abrange fatores de várias ordens, incluindo os emocionais, culturais e individuais. A dor crônica é persistente ou recorrente, por mais de 3 meses, de causa desconhecida e não está necessariamente associada a uma lesão no organismo. Os gastos associados a essa condição de saúde estimulam o sistema a investigar intervenções eficazes para o tratamento das dores em geral. O fenômeno da analgesia induzida pelo exercício é sobretudo observado em atletas e os mecanismos envolvidos ainda são desconhecidos, embora haja tendência a aceitar a ação do sistema opióide endógeno.OBJETIVO: Investigar o efeito de um programa de exercícios físicos sobre a dor crônica inespecífica.MÉTODO: A amostra foi constituída por 29 indivíduos que aderiram a um programa de exercícios domiciliares. Sendo aplicado o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) que permite estimar o tempo semanal gasto em atividades físicas de intensidade leve, moderada e vigorosa e a Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) que foi utilizada para avaliar a intensidade da dor. A análise estatística foi realizada de forma descritiva e inferencial.CONCLUSÃO: A aplicação de programas multidisciplinares, predominando a prescrição de exercícios aeróbicos, de fortalecimento e alongamentos, em um protocolo de exercícios domiciliares apresentou melhora efetiva no limiar de dor em paciente com dor crônica inespecífica.