bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Providing Breast Cancer Survivorship
Authors: Johnson Kathleen J. , Minchew Leigh A. , Richter Sara , Craft Cheryl , Lerner Rachel
Published: July 2016

Background:

Many cancer survivors have gaps in knowledge of their disease and treatments received.

Objective:

The goal of this project was to evaluate the development and implementation of a pilot breast cancer survivorship program aimed at decreasing the gap in patient knowledge of disease and treatment, from both the staff and patient perspectives.

Methods:

A mixed methods approach used data from multiple sources: (1) historical data, (2) medical record review, (3) a mailed patient questionnaire, (4) 1:1 semistructured telephone interviews with patients, and (5) 1:1 semistructured interviews with staff members.

Results:

The implementation of the pilot survivorship program resulted in increased patient knowledge of disease and treatments received. The majority of breast cancer survivors (80%) reported that the survivorship packet given at the end of treatment met most or all of their needs, and half reported that they did not feel they needed a 1:1 survivorship visit. The 20 staff interviews validated that most staff (80%) were able to accurately define cancer survivorship and aspects of providing survivorship care; however, 50% reported that they felt they needed more training.

Conclusions:

The pilot program was successful in increasing patient knowledge. Informal education and written material provided throughout the course of cancer care were found to meet most patient needs. Cancer center staff desire more training on providing survivorship care.

Implications for Practice:

Survivorship care may be best provided through educational interventions began at diagnosis and provided on an ongoing basis.
Cancer Communication on Social Media
Authors: Gage-Bouchard Elizabeth A. , LaValley Susan , Mollica Michelle , Beaupin Lynda Kwon
Published: July 2016

Background:

Americans are increasingly using social media (such as Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter) for health-related communication. Much of the previous research on social media and health communication has focused on Facebook groups related to a specific disease or Facebook pages related to an advocacy organization. Less is known about how people communicate about cancer on personal Facebook pages.

Objective:

In this study, we expand upon previous research by examining how cancer caregivers use personal Facebook pages for cancer-related communication.

Methods:

We examined themes in cancer-related exchanges through a content analysis of 12 months of data from 18 publically available Facebook pages hosted by parents of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (15 852 total posts).

Results:

Six themes emerged: (1) documenting the cancer journey, (2) sharing emotional strain associated with caregiving, (3) promoting awareness and advocacy about pediatric cancer, (4) fundraising, (5) mobilizing support, and (6) expressing gratitude for support.

Conclusions:

Building upon previous research documenting the increasing use of social media for health-related communication and support, our findings show that personal Facebook pages offer a platform for cancer caregivers to share their cancer-related experiences, promote advocacy and awareness, and mobilize social support.

Implications for Practice:

Providers must recognize the importance of social media as a vehicle for support and communication for families of children with cancer. Nurses should educate parents on how to appraise information obtained through Facebook using evidence-based guidelines. Providers can encourage caregivers to use Facebook as a tool for communication, information, and support.
Perceived Stress as a Mediator Between Social Support and Posttraumatic Growth Among Chinese American Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Yeung Nelson C.Y. , Lu Qian
Published: July 2016

Background:

Studies have shown that social support is positively associated with posttraumatic growth (PTG) among white cancer survivors. Whether the same relationship holds among Asian American cancer survivors and through what mechanism social support may influence PTG is unclear.

Objective:

This study examined the association between social support and PTG among Chinese American breast cancer survivors and proposed perceived stress as a mediator.

Methods:

Chinese American breast cancer survivors (n = 118) were recruited from Southern California. Participants’ social support, perceived stress, and PTG were measured in a questionnaire package.

Results:

Social support was associated with lower perceived stress (r= −0.34, P<.001) and higher PTG (r=0.44, P<.001). Perceived stress was negatively associated with PTG (r=−0.36, P< .001). Results from structural equation modeling supported the mediation model, with satisfactory model fit indices (χ
2
37= 65.55, comparative fit index= 0.98, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.97, root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.08). Both the indirect effect from social support to PTG via perceived stress (β = .07, P< .05) and the direct effect from social support and PTG (β= .40, P< .001) were statistically significant, suggesting a partial mediation effect of perceived stress between social support and PTG.

Conclusions:

The positive association between social support and Chinese American breast cancer survivors’ PTG was supported. Our findings also suggested that social support may facilitate PTG through reduction of perceived stress.

Implications for Practice:

Interventions that help to enhance Chinese American breast cancer survivors’ social support may also facilitate their PTG.
A History of Childhood Trauma and Response to Treatment With Antipsychotics in First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Misiak Błażej , Frydecka Dorota
Published: July 2016

In this study, we aimed to investigate whether a history of childhood trauma (CT) can help predict early response to antipsychotic treatment in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES). We recruited 64 FES patients who were followed up after 12 weeks of treatment with second-generation antipsychotics. Symptomatic manifestation was examined using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Childhood adversities were assessed using the Early Trauma Inventory Self-Report—Short Form. Nonresponders had significantly higher general trauma score, emotional abuse score, total trauma score, and baseline PANSS negative factor score. A history of CT was significantly more frequent among nonresponders. Logistic regression analysis revealed that positive history of CT, higher emotional abuse score, and higher baseline PANSS negative factor score are significant predictors of poor response to treatment. Our results indicate that a history of CT, especially emotional abuse, and higher severity of negative symptoms are independent predictors of poor response to treatment with antipsychotics.
Déjà Vu Experiences in Healthy Czech Adults
Authors: Lacinová Lenka , Neužilová Michalčáková Radka , Širůček Jan , Ježek Stanislav , Chromec Jakub , Masopustová Zuzana , Urbánek Tomáš , Brázdil Milan
Published: July 2016

The study examines the prevalence of déjà vu in healthy Czech adults and explores its relationships with a number of variables: age, sex, neuroticism, depression, the degree of irritability in the limbic system, perceived stress, and finally attachment avoidance and anxiety. The participants were 365 healthy adults ranging from 18 to 70 years recruited in the Czech Republic (mean age = 29.05; SD = 11.17) who filled out online questionnaires. Déjà vu experiences were reported by 324 (88.8%) of them. Persons who experienced déjà vu were younger than the persons who had not experienced it. We found that sex, levels of neuroticism, depression, perceived stress, and attachment did not serve as predictors of experiences of déjà vu phenomena. Finally, those who had reported déjà vu experiences reported more limbic system irritability symptoms. We discuss the possibility that déjà vu reports together with other studied variables mainly reflect the participants’ willingness to report “extraordinal” experiences.
Calibration of a compact XUV soft X-ray monochromator with a digital autocollimatorin situ
Authors: Yuh Jih-Young , Lin Shang-Wei , Huang Liang-Jen , Lee Long-Life
Published: July 2016

A digital autocollimator of resolution 0.1 µrad (0.02 arcsec) serves as a handy correction tool for calibrating the angular uncertainty during angular and lateral movements of gratings inside a monochromator chamber under ultra-high vacuum. The photon energy dispersed from the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) to the soft X-ray region of the synchrotron beamline at the Taiwan Light Source was monitored using molecular ionization spectra at high resolution as energy references that correlate with the fine angular steps during grating rotation. The angular resolution of the scanning mechanism was <0.3 µrad, which results in an energy shift of 80 meV at 867 eV. The angular uncertainties caused by the lateral movement during a grating exchange were decreased from 2.2 µrad to 0.1 µrad after correction. The proposed method provides a simple solution for on-site beamline diagnostics of highly precise multi-axis optical manipulating instruments at synchrotron facilities and in-house laboratories.
Neutron structure of human carbonic anhydrase II in complex with methazolamide: mapping the solvent and hydrogen-bonding patterns of an effective clinical drug
Authors: Aggarwal Mayank , Kovalevsky Andrey Y. , Velazquez Hector , Fisher S. Zoë , Smith Jeremy C. , McKenna Robert
Published: July 2016

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs; EC 4.2.1.1) catalyze the interconversion of CO2and HCO3−, and their inhibitors have long been used as diuretics and as a therapeutic treatment for many disorders such as glaucoma and epilepsy. Acetazolamide (AZM) and methazolamide (MZM, a methyl derivative of AZM) are two of the classical CA inhibitory drugs that have been used clinically for decades. The jointly refined X-ray/neutron structure of MZM in complex with human CA isoform II (hCA II) has been determined to a resolution of 2.2 Å with anRcrystof ∼16.0%. Presented in this article, along with only the second neutron structure of a clinical drug-bound hCA, is an in-depth structural comparison and analyses of differences in hydrogen-bonding network, water-molecule orientation and solvent displacement that take place upon the binding of AZM and MZM in the active site of hCA II. Even though MZM is slightly more hydrophobic and displaces more waters than AZM, the overall binding affinity (Ki) for both of the drugs against hCA II is similar (∼10 nM). The plausible reasons behind this finding have also been discussed using molecular dynamics and X-ray crystal structures of hCA II–MZM determined at cryotemperature and room temperature. This study not only allows a direct comparison of the hydrogen bonding, protonation states and solvent orientation/displacement of AZM and MZM, but also shows the significant effect that the methyl derivative has on the solvent organization in the hCA II active site.
Factors affecting university–industry cooperation performance
Authors: Hue Kyung Lee , Hyun Duk Youm , Si Jeoung Kim , Yoon Kyo Suh
Published: July 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to determine the mediating effects of government-funded research and development (R&D) projects in the relationship between the competence factors of universities and the performance of university–industry cooperation.

Design/methodology/approach

This study has been conducted to analyze the mediating effect of government- and enterprise-funded R&D projects in consideration of the performance during university–industry cooperative projects. In this study, a three-step analysis of the mediating effects (Baron and Kenny, 1986) and Sobel Test are taken for the empirical analysis.

Findings

In the result, R&D funding from the central government partially mediates the performance of university–industry cooperation when the research capacity of the full-time faculty and the size of the Technical Licensing Office (TLO) are taken as independent variables. R&D funding from the central government does not mediate university–industry cooperation when the size of the center for university–industry cooperation is an independent variable. However, R&D funding from a local government does not mediate the performance of university–industry cooperative projects for any chosen independent variables. The results of this study suggest a direction for governmental funding in R&D projects to promote performance during university–industry cooperation. Another requirement is for universities to expand their research capacity and the operations of their TLO.

Originality/value

The majority of former research studies on university–industry cooperation and its performance have focused on the university’s research capacity, the competence of the TLO and the traits of the university.
Exploring factors hindering SMEs’ growth: evidence from Nambia
Authors: Baporikar Neeta , Nambira Geoffrey , Gomxos Geroldine
Published: July 2016

Purpose

This study aims to explore factors hindering small and medium-sized enterprises' (SMEs) growth in Khomas region in Nambia.

Methodology/design/approach

Methodology adopted is qualitative approach with a case study research design including in-depth interviews and deep observations.

Findings

Findings indicate that these SMEs experience stealing, security problems and fights from the customers, which hinder business growth. In addition, though they understand the importance of technology in boosting business growth, they are not able to keep the pace with changing technology, which impacts their business development. It was further found that access to finance, appropriate marketing strategies, lack of skilled manpower and poor customer service also hinder their business growth.

Research limitations/implications

The special aspect of case study design is that it defines the delimitation of the research study and may find it necessary to adjust the boundaries that in any case have initially been determined arbitrarily. Being a case approach, it may be difficult to generalize for all kinds of SMEs.

Practical implications

The problem faced by business owners as explored in this study brings a further dimension to the current literature on factors that hinder growth of SMEs. According to literature studies on factors hindering business growth, especially for SMEs selling alcoholic beverages, factors such as fighting, stealing and insulting as found in this study provide a new dimension on popular businesses especially in high-density areas or locations as they are popularly known in Namibia.

Originality/value

The originality of this study is the line of business - SMEs selling alcoholic beverages. This line of business is very popular and many venture into this because of the demand and profitability but because there are no studies, this paper will contribute and provide a framework to ensure success and business growth for future entrepreneurs in this line of business.
Partial unilateral lentiginosis is mosaic neurofibromatosis type 1 or not?
Authors: Yaşar Şirin , Ersanli Ayşegül , Göktay Fatih , Aytekin Sema , Cebeci Dua , Güneş Pembegül
Published: July 2016

Partial unilateral lentiginosis (PUL) is a rare pigmentation disorder characterized by numerous lentigines with sharp margins in the midline in one or more dermatomes. Its segmental pattern suggests that this presentation accompanied by café‐au‐lait spots, Lisch nodule or neurofibromas has a close relationship with mosaic neurofibromatosis type 1 or segmental neurofibromatosis (NF) in particular.

In a group of 16 patients with PUL, who presented at the dermatology outpatient clinic between 1998 and 2015, an examination was made of consanguineous marriage in the family history, the presence of a similar lesion or NF in first‐degree relatives, neurofibroma in the physical examination, the involvement pattern, axillary/inguinal freckling and the presence and number of café‐au‐lait spots. The ophthalmological examination investigated Lisch nodule and optic glioma. The skeletal system was examined for NF involvement.

Of 16 patients, 13 (81.2%) were female and three (18.8%) were male with a mean age of 31.19 years (range, 15–48). There was no family history of PUL in any case. Consanguineous marriage was absent in 15 patients (93.8%). While there were accompanying café‐au‐lait spots in three patients (18.8%). Lisch nodule was an accompanying finding in three patients (18.8%). Axillary freckling was detected in four (25%) patients. Neurofibroma was found in only one patient.

Although café‐au‐lait spots, axillary freckling, neurofibroma and Lisch nodule were present in a small number of the patients, the presence of the findings may be considered to be specific to NF suggests that PUL is a variant of mosaic NF‐1. Genetic studies will help to further elucidate this subject.
World Cities and the Uneven Geographies of Financialization: Unveiling Stratification and Hierarchy in the World City Archipelago
Authors: Van Meeteren Michiel , Bassens David
Published: July 2016

This article critically evaluates the network‐centrism of much of contemporary world cities research and queries its capacity to unveil key accumulation processes under financialized globalization. Our object of inquiry is the world city archipelago (WCA), a material yet non‐contiguous space of world city ‘islands', which is (re)produced through the socio‐spatial practices of advanced producer services (APS) firms as they assist in constructing (financial) accumulation strategies for their clients. Scrutinizing the WCA with a singular focus on networks can veil dynamics that lead to internal stratification and hierarchy between world cities and their constitutive outside. Alternatively, these veiled dimensions are better grasped by territorial, scalar and place‐based abstractions. As an example, we unveil WCA space by studying the space of APS practices in three recent cases of Eurobond issuance. By comparing these three instances through an encompassing approach, a bounded geography of a financialized accumulation space is identified, which contains London and other world cities as a necessary space of dependence but also stretches out to various contingent spaces of engagement at the fringes of the WCA network: offshore jurisdictions and places of debt origination. We conclude by making the case for a heightened sensitivity in respect of core–periphery structures that exist between the WCA and its outside, but also within the WCA itself.
Alcohol, Tannins, and Mannoprotein and their Interactions Influence the Sensory Properties of Selected Commercial Merlot Wines: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Diako Charles , McMahon Kenneth , Mattinson Scott , Evans Marc , Ross Carolyn
Published: July 2016

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of the interaction among alcohol, tannins, and mannoproteins on the aroma, flavor, taste, and mouthfeel characteristics of selected commercial Merlot wines. Merlot wines (n = 61) were characterized for wine chemistry parameters, including pH, titratable acidity, alcohol, glucose, fructose, tannin profile, total proteins, and mannoprotein content. Agglomerative clustering of these physicochemical characteristics revealed 6 groups of wines. Two wines were selected from each group (n = 12) and profiled by a trained sensory evaluation panel. One wine from each group was evaluated using the electronic tongue (e‐tongue). Sensory evaluation results showed complex effects among tannins, alcohol, and mannoproteins on the perception of most aromas, flavors, tastes, and mouthfeel attributes (P < 0.05). The e‐tongue showed distinct differences among the taste attributes of the 6 groups of wines as indicated by a high discrimination index (DI = 95). Strong correlations (r2 > 0.930) were reported between the e‐tongue and sensory perception of sweet, sour, bitter, burning, astringent, and metallic. This study showed that interactions among wine matrix components influence the resulting sensory perceptions. The strong correlation between the e‐tongue and trained panel evaluations indicated the e‐tongue can complement sensory evaluations to improve wine quality assessment.
The Role of Education in the Implementation of Shared Decision Making in Emergency Medicine: A Research Agenda
Authors: Chen Esther H. , Kanzaria Hemal K. , Itakura Kaoru , Booker‐Vaughns Juanita , Yadav Kabir , Kane Bryan G.
Published: July 2016

Shared decision making (SDM) is a patient‐centered communication skill that is essential for all physicians to provide quality care. Like any competency or procedural skill, it can and should be introduced to medical students during their clerkships (undergraduate medical education), taught and assessed during residency training (graduate medical education), and have documentation of maintenance throughout an emergency physician's career (denoted as continuing medical education). A subgroup representing academic emergency medicine (EM) faculty, residents, content experts, and patients convened at the 2016 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference on SDM to develop a research agenda toward improving implementation of SDM through sustainable education efforts. After developing a list of potential priorities, the subgroup presented the priorities in turn to the consensus group, to the EM program directors (CORD‐EM), and finally at the conference itself. The two highest‐priority questions were related to determining or developing EM‐applicable available tools and on‐shift interventions for SDM and working to determine the proportion of the broader SDM curriculum that should be taught and assessed at each level of training. Educating patients and the community about SDM was also raised as an important concept for consideration. The remaining research priorities were divided into high‐, moderate‐, and lower‐priority groups. Moreover, there was consensus that the overall approach to SDM should be consistent with the high‐quality educational design utilized for other pertinent topics in EM.
Alcohol consumption as a cause of cancer
Authors: Connor Jennie
Published: July 2016

Background and aims

There is increasing research evidence about the causal role of alcohol in cancer, accompanied by unclear and conflicting messages in the media. This paper aimed to clarify the strength of the evidence for alcohol as a cause of cancer, and the meaning of cause in this context.

Methods

Recent epidemiological and biological research on alcohol and cancer was reviewed and summarized, drawing upon published meta‐analyses identified from the Medline database and the archives of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. More recent epidemiological studies not included in these publications were also reviewed. A brief description of the nature of causal inference in epidemiology was used to frame discussion of the strength of the evidence that alcohol causes cancer, and contrast this with the case for a protective association of alcohol with cardiovascular disease.

Results

The usual epidemiological understanding of a cause is a factor that increases the incidence of a condition in the population. In the context of a body of epidemiological evidence of an association of alcohol consumption with a disease, the inference that it is a causal association requires alternative explanations of the observed finding to be judged unlikely. Even without complete knowledge of biological mechanisms, the epidemiological evidence can support the judgement that alcohol causes cancer of the oropharynx, larynx, oesophagus, liver, colon, rectum and breast. The measured associations exhibit gradients of effect that are biologically plausible, and there is some evidence of reversibility of risk in laryngeal, pharyngeal and liver cancers when consumption ceases. The limitations of cohort studies mean that the true effects may be somewhat weaker or stronger than estimated currently, but are unlikely to be qualitatively different. The same, or similar, epidemiological studies also commonly report protection from cardiovascular disease associated with drinking but a high level of scepticism regarding these findings is now warranted.

Conclusions

There is strong evidence that alcohol causes cancer at seven sites in the body and probably others. Current estimates suggest that alcohol‐attributable cancers at these sites make up 5.8% of all cancer deaths world‐wide. Confirmation of specific biological mechanisms by which alcohol increases the incidence of each type of cancer is not required to infer that alcohol is a cause.
Ultrastructural Aspects of the Prenatal Bovine Ovary Differentiation with a Special Focus on the Interstitial Cells
Authors: Kenngott R. A.‐M. , Scholz W. , Sinowatz F.
Published: July 2016

The aim of this investigation was to study the ultrastructural features during the development of fetal bovine ovaries (crown rump length ranging from 11.4 to 94.0 cm). An interesting observation was the occurrence of big elongated cells containing a variety of electron dense granules and light homogenous vacuoles/bodies. They were located between the stroma cells surrounding the germ cell cord ends, adjacent to the first formed primordial follicles, typically situated near blood vessels. ER alpha and ER beta receptor positive cells could be detected in the same regions by means of immunohistochemistry. Intercellular bridges linked the germ cells nests oogonia. Germ cell cords consisted of centrally located, large, pale oogonia, surrounded by elongated somatic cells with very long cytoplasm extensions. Primordial follicles with flat pale follicular cells could be observed on the inner end of the cords. Extrusions of the outer nuclear membrane could often been recognised in voluminous oocytes.
Quetiapine adverse events in older adults in Australia
Authors: El‐Saifi Najwan , Jones Cindy , Moyle Wendy
Published: July 2016

Aim

To characterise quetiapine reported adverse drug events (ADEs) in older Australians in terms of type, frequency, severity and outcome, and to compare these characteristics with those of younger Australians.

Methods

Basic descriptive analyses were used to examine patient characteristics. The characteristics of reported ADEs were compared between older and younger Australians using odds ratios and chi‐squared tests.

Results

The most frequently reported ADEs in older people were nervous system disorders (23.7%). There were significantly more reports of skin and subcutaneous ADEs and hepatobiliary ADEs for older people than for younger people. More severe ADEs were reported in older people with death more likely to occur in older than in younger people

Conclusion

Significant differences between older and younger people in terms of reported ADEs, severity and mortality were found. There is a need for further prospective studies in older people on quetiapine to confirm the findings of this study.
Does sequence matter? Productive failure and designing online authentic learning for process engineering
Authors: Lai Polly K. , Portolese Alisha , Jacobson Michael J.
Published: July 2016

This paper presents a study that applied both productive failure (PF) and authentic learning instructional approaches in online learning activities for early‐career process engineers' professional development. This study compares participants learning with either a PF (low‐to‐high [LH]) or a more traditional (high‐to‐low) learning sequence—the only difference between groups was the sequence of activities. In line with recent research on PF, this simple learning design tweak had a substantial effect—participants in the LH condition demonstrated significantly higher learning gains than those in the high‐to‐low condition on measures of conceptual knowledge and transfer. This paper concludes with implications for designing online learning experiences and discusses how careful attention to design decisions, such as activity sequence, can have a meaningful impact without increasing learning time.
Dispersal by generalist frugivores affects management of an invasive plant
Authors: Ramaswami Geetha , Kaushik Monica , Prasad Soumya , Sukumar Raman , Westcott David
Published: July 2016

In the past century, our understanding of the processes driving plant invasion and its consequences for natural and anthropogenic systems has increased considerably. However, the management of invasive plants remains a challenge despite ever more resources being allocated to their removal. Often invasive plants targeted for ‘eradication’ are well‐established, have multiple modes of reproduction, long‐term seed banks, and strong associations with native and non‐native mutualists that ensure dispersal and facilitate spread. The pantropical weed, Lantana camara (Lantana), is one of the most invasive woody plants globally. We illustrate that, for Lantana, eradication is an unrealistic management goal given the short‐term removal approaches, irrespective of the effectiveness of removal methods. We assessed the role of dispersal by avian frugivores in the recolonization of managed areas by Lantana in the seasonally dry, tropical forests of northern and southern India. We estimated the distribution of Lantana, its dispersal potential and the proximity between managed areas and source populations. We found that Lantana was dispersed by many generalist frugivorous birds and that most managed areas were well within the median dispersal distance from source plants facilitating rapid recolonization of managed areas. We conclude that given the difficulty of eradicating long‐established invasive plants, management practices should entail long‐term monitoring and control in priority areas for as long as Lantana occurs in the landscape.
Effects of tree species diversity on a community of weaver spiders in a tropical forest plantation
Authors: Esquivel‐Gómez Luis , Abdala‐Roberts Luis , Pinkus‐Rendón Miguel , Parra‐Tabla Víctor
Published: July 2016

The effects of producer diversity on predators have received little attention in arboreal plant communities, particularly in the tropics. This is particularly true in the case of tree diversity effects on web‐building spiders, one of the most important groups of invertebrate predators in terrestrial plant communities. We evaluated the effects of tree species diversity on the community of weaver spiders associated with big‐leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) in 19, 21 × 21‐m plots (64 plants/plot) of a tropical forest plantation which were either mahogany monocultures (12 plots) or polycultures (seven plots) that included mahogany and three other tree species. We conducted two surveys of weaver spiders on mahogany trees to evaluate the effects of tree diversity on spider abundance, species richness, diversity, and species composition associated with mahogany. Our results indicated that tree species mixtures exhibited significantly greater spider abundance, species richness, and diversity, as well as differences in spider species composition relative to monocultures. These results could be due to species polycultures providing a broader range of microhabitat conditions favoring spider species with different habitat requirements, a greater availability of web‐building sites, or due to increased diversity or abundance of prey. Accordingly, these results emphasize the importance of mixed forest plantations for boosting predator abundance and diversity and potentially enhancing herbivore pest suppression. Future work is necessary to determine the specific mechanisms underlying these patterns as well as the top‐down effects of increased spider abundance and species richness on herbivore abundance and damage.
Polar bear management in a digital Arctic: Inuit perspectives across the web
Authors: Young Jason C.
Published: July 2016

Key Messages

Inuit are using the internet to engage in discussions of environmental management.

Digital engagement by Inuit is having both empowering and assimilatory effects.

More research is needed on the use of the internet for indigenous politics.
Country characteristics and the incidence of capital income taxation on wages: An empirical assessment
Authors: Azémar Céline , Hubbard R. Glenn
Published: July 2016

This paper examines the incidence of corporate income taxes on wages using data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics for 13 OECD countries. Within a wage‐bargaining framework, our econometric analysis shows that a substantial share of the corporate tax burden is shifted from capital to labour. However, the magnitude of this shift is influenced importantly by country characteristics affecting the process of wage determination, such as the degree of capital mobility, a country's relative influence over the world price of output and trade unions’ strength.
Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder casts a long shadow: findings from a population‐based study of adult women with self‐reported ADHD
Authors: Fuller‐Thomson E. , Lewis D. A. , Agbeyaka S. K.
Published: July 2016

Background

To develop a sociodemographic and health profile of women with self‐reported attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in comparison to women without.

Methods

Chi‐square tests and logistic regression analyses were conducted on data from the nationally representative Canadian Community Health Survey‐Mental Health (2012) comparing 107 women aged 20 to 39 years (inclusive) with ADHD to 3801 without ADHD. Depression, generalized anxiety disorder and substance abuse were measured using the WHO‐CIDI.

Results

Women with ADHD had triple the prevalence of insomnia, chronic pain, suicidal ideation, childhood sexual abuse and generalized anxiety disorder and double the prevalence of substance abuse, current smoking, depressive disorders, severe poverty and childhood physical abuse in comparison with women without ADHD (all P < 0.001). Even after adjustments for age, race, education and income, women with ADHD had substantially higher odds of a wide range of problems.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that women with ADHD are particularly vulnerable to early adversities, health and mental health problems.
L‐3‐n‐butylphthalide Rescues Hippocampal Synaptic Failure and Attenuates Neuropathology in AgedAPP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Zhang Yu , Huang Long‐Jian , Shi Si , Xu Shao‐Feng , Wang Xiao‐Liang , Peng Ying
Published: July 2016

Aims

Our previous studies showed that L‐3‐n‐butylphthalide (L‐NBP), an extract from seeds of Apium graveolens Linn (Chinese celery), improved cognitive ability in animal models of cerebral ischemia, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is well known that cognitive deficit ofADis caused by synaptic dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the effect of L‐NBPon hippocampal synaptic function inAPP/PS1ADtransgenic mice and related mechanisms.

Methods

Eighteen‐month‐oldAPP/PS1 transgenic (Tg) mice were administrated 15 mg/kg L‐NBPby oral gavage for 3 months. Synaptic morphology and the thickness of postsynaptic density (PSD) in hippocampal neurons were investigated by electron microscope. The dendritic spines, Aβplaques, and glial activation were detected by staining. The expressions of synapse‐related proteins were observed by Western blotting.

Results

L‐NBPtreatment significantly increased the number of synapses and apical dendritic thorns and the thickness ofPSD, increased the expression levels of synapse‐associated proteins includingPSD95, synaptophysin (SYN),β‐catenin, andGSK‐3β, and attenuated Aβplaques and neuroinflammatory responses in agedAPP/PS1 Tg mice.

Conclusion

L‐NBPmay restore synaptic and spine function in agedAPPTg mice through inhibiting Aβplaques deposition and neuroinflammatory response. Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway may be involved in L‐NBP‐related restoration of synaptic function.
Standardized technique for single‐docking robotic rectal surgery
Authors: Ahmed J. , Siddiqi N. , Khan L. , Kuzu A. , Parvaiz A.
Published: July 2016

Aim

The aim of this technical note is to describe our standardized technique for rectal surgery using a single‐docking totally robotic approach.

Method

The data related to patients who underwent single‐docking robotic rectal surgery were analysed for the feasibility of this approach.

Results

This technique was used in 124 consecutive patients who underwent rectal resection since July 2013. Male to female ratio of patients was 2:1 while median age was 67 years (range 24–92). The median operating time was 240 min (range 105–456), whilst blood loss was 10 ml (range 0–200). There was no evidence of intra‐operative complications or conversions to either a laparoscopic or an open procedure. The median length of stay was 7 days (range 3–48).

Conclusion

A single‐docking technique for robotic rectal surgery is safe and feasible. It can be considered as standard approach for pelvic robotic surgery.
Functional status predicts postoperative mortality after liver transplantation
Authors: Dolgin Natasha H. , Martins Paulo N. A. , Movahedi Babak , Lapane Kate L. , Anderson Fred A. , Bozorgzadeh Adel
Published: July 2016

Background

Frail patients are more vulnerable to perioperative stressors of liver transplantation (LT). Program Specific Reports, used in transplant center auditing, risk‐adjust for frailty using the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scale. We evaluate the extent to which functional impairment/disability is associated with increased risk of postoperative death.

Methods

We included 24 505 first‐time LT recipients from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (2006–2011). We categorized patients as Severe, Moderate, or Normal function/disability using the KPS scale and evaluated risk of 30‐ and 90‐day mortality. Analyses took potential center‐specific differences in KPS measurement protocols into account using hierarchal logistic modeling.

Results

Over one‐quarter of our population was Severely impaired/disabled, and 30.5% had no functional limitations. Severely and Moderately impaired/disabled patients had 2.56 (95% CI 1.91–3.44) and 1.40 (95% CI 1.10–1.78) times the odds of 30‐day mortality, respectively, after adjusting for key recipient and donor factors. Estimates remained consistent regardless of Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score, medical condition, or clustering analyses by center. Technical/operative complications and multiorgan failure/hemorrhage were more common causes of death among more Severely disabled patients than in higher functioning groups.

Conclusions

Pre‐transplant functional status, assessed using the KPS scale, is a reliable predictor of post‐LT mortality in the United States.
Is caries a risk factor for dental trauma? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Soares Thais Rodrigues Campos , Fidalgo Tatiana Kelly da Silva , Quirino Andrea Soares , Ferreira Daniele Masterson Tavares Pereira , Chianca Thomaz Kauark , Risso Patrícia de Andrade , Maia Lucianne Cople
Published: July 2016

Background/aim

The association between trauma and caries is still controversial in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between caries and dental trauma through a systematic review with meta‐analysis.

Design

A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Lilacs, BBO, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Open Grey databases. The MeSH terms used were ‘Tooth injuries’, ‘Tooth fractures’, ‘Tooth avulsion’, ‘Tooth movement’; ‘Dental caries’; ‘DMF index’; and ‘Tooth demineralization’. MeSH synonyms, related terms, and free terms were included. The inclusion criteria comprised clinical investigations of subjects with and without caries that had suffered dental trauma. Quality assessment and bias control were carried out. Meta‐analysis was performed using the comprehensive meta‐analysis software (version 3.2). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 index, and the odds ratio was also calculated (P < 0.05).

Results

From 1290 abstracts, seven met the inclusion criteria. All studies had high methodological quality and five were included in the meta‐analysis. The results demonstrated a positive association (P < 0.001) between dental trauma and dental caries in permanent teeth [OR: 1.490, 95%, CI: 1.209–1.835]. However, for children with primary teeth, the results showed a negative association (P = 0.006) between dental trauma and caries [OR: 0.706, 95%, CI: 0.550–0.906].

Conclusions

The results demonstrated positive and negative association between the presence of caries and dental trauma in permanent and primary teeth, respectively.
Long‐term survival of patients with mismatch repair protein‐deficient, high‐stage ovarian clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Stewart Colin J R , Bowtell David D L , Doherty Dorota A , Leung Yee C
Published: July 2016

Aims

Gynaecological cancer patients with germline mutations appear to have a better prognosis than those with sporadic malignancies. Following the observation of long‐term survival in a patient with stage III ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) and possible Lynch syndrome (LS), DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein immunohistochemistry was performed in a series of high‐stage CCC and correlated with patient outcomes.

Methods and results

Thirty‐two consecutive cases of stage III/IV ovarian CCCs accessioned between 1992 and 2015 were examined. The tumours from two patients (6%), including the index case, showed loss of MSH2/MSH6 expression while MLH1/PMS2 staining was retained. The index patient subsequently developed colonic and rectal carcinomas that were also MSH2/MSH6‐deficient, while the second patient had a genetically confirmed germline MSH2 mutation. All other tumours showed retained expression of the four MMR proteins. The two patients with MMR protein‐deficient tumours were alive 160 months and 124 months following surgery, whereas the median survival of patients with MMR protein‐intact CCCs was 11.8 months (75th and 25th percentiles of 8.1 months and 39.3 months, respectively), with 21 patients deceased due to tumour.

Conclusions

Larger studies are required but high‐stage, MMR protein‐deficient CCCs may have a relatively favourable prognosis.
Assessment of black coffee temperature profiles consumed from paper‐based cups and effect on affective and descriptive product sensory attributes
Authors: Stokes Chloe N. , O'Sullivan Maurice G. , Kerry Joseph P.
Published: July 2016

Sensory acceptance testing was used to determine whether the serving temperature of black filter coffee had an effect on the hedonic sensory quality of the imbibed product using naïve assessors (n = 25) analysed in duplicate. Additionally, descriptive sensory evaluation was used to assess coffee aroma, flavour and aftertaste attributes at different temperatures using a total of fourteen attributes. Prior to consumption, exothermic spectral analysis was assessed using a thermal imaging camera on each cup of coffee to ensure that the correct drinking temperature was recorded prior to being consumed by assessors. anova Partial Least‐Squares Regression (APLSR) was used to analyse experimental data accumulated. This study established that various sensory attributes of coffee are affected by the temperature coffee is imbibed at. Coffee served at 31.0 °C was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) to hedonic attributes. In contrast, coffees served at the higher temperatures of 70.8 °C and 74.4 °C were positively (P < 0.05) correlated to hedonic attributes.
Lactose hydrolysis and lactase activity in fermented mixtures containing mare's, cow's, sheep's and goat's milk
Authors: Cais‐Sokolińska Dorota , Wójtowski Jacek , Pikul Jan
Published: July 2016

The degree of lactose hydrolysis and exogenous lactase activity of fermented mare's milk (MM) mixed with cow's (CM), sheep's (SM) and goat's milk (GM) was investigated. Moreover, the overall sensory desirableness of the novel products was also evaluated. A mixture MM + CM, or MM + GM, or MM + SM at a 1:1 ratio, significantly reduced the amount of contained lactose (P < 0.05). Fermented MM + SM mixture may be considered the product with the greatest potential consumer desirability. This particular product is preferable for patients with secondary lactose intolerance. Its additional advantage is connected with the predicted course of fermentation assessed on the basis of changes in pH, the count of mesophilic LAB and yeast as well as their survival rates during storage.
Effects of inulin, fructooligosaccharides/glucose and pH on the shape of the death kinetic of Lactobacillus reuteriDSM 20016
Authors: Bevilacqua Antonio , Corbo Maria Rosaria , Sinigaglia Milena , Speranza Barbara , Campaniello Daniela , Altieri Clelia
Published: July 2016

The viability of Lactobacillus reuteri, Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Lb. paracasei was assessed in a laboratory medium containing inulin (5 g L−1) or glucose + FOS (fructooligosaccharides) (2.5 + 2.5 g L−1). Data were modelled through the Weibull equation pinpointing that prebiotics determined a decrease in the shape parameter. In the 2nd step, L. reuteri was used as the test microorganism; pH, storage temperature and the amounts of FOS + glucose and inulin were combined through a 4‐variable/5‐level central composite design. Temperature, pH and glucose + FOS affected the microbiological shelf life; inulin was not significant. The maximum value of shelf life was found at pH 8.5 and with 5.0 g L−1 of glucose + FOS. The combination of pH and prebiotics affected the shape parameter with a shift from a convex to a concave trend and vice versa: their effect was different depending on the use of a single prebiotic or a mix.
The formation and function of tertiary lymphoid follicles in chronic pulmonary inflammation
Authors: Yadava Koshika , Bollyky Paul , Lawson Melissa A.
Published: July 2016

Tertiary lymphoid follicles (TLFs) can develop in the respiratory tract in response to infections or chronic inflammation. However, their functional relevance remains unclear because they are implicated in both protective and pathological responses. In contrast to homeostatic conditions, external antigens and damage to the lung tissue may drive TLF formation in inflamed lungs, and once established, the presence of pulmonary TLFs may signal the progression of chronic lung disease. This novel concept will be discussed in light of recent work in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and how changes in the pulmonary microbiota may drive and direct TLF formation and function. We will also discuss the cellularity of TLFs at the pulmonary mucosa, with emphasis on the potential roles of lymphoid tissue inducer cells, and B‐ and T‐cell aggregates, and will examine the function of key chemokines and cytokines including CXCL13 and interleukin‐17, in the formation and maintenance of pulmonary TLFs.