bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of frequency components of EEG and skin potential (quantitative analysis)
Authors: Nazarov A.I.
Published: December 2018

In the experiment, a local EEG (Fp1) and a skin potential (SP) were recorded when anagrams were tested and several test tasks were performed. The main goal was to compare the structure and dynamics of the frequency components of the local EEG and SP based on a quantitative analysis of the obtained data. With the help of frequency analysis, profiles of frequency dynamics of the total EEG and SP, as well as histograms of distributions of their frequency components, were constructed, among which six typical patterns were singled out. In the series with simultaneous registration of EEG and SP, a high positive correlation of their total signals is established (the minimax range is from 0.70 to 0.94). Along with this, in the frequency patterns of the EEG and SP, some differences in the temporal distribution of the frequency components are found with a shift in the difference of the EEG-SP towards negative values. The possible nature of the general properties of the high-frequency dynamics of the EEG and SP is discussed. The obtained data are important, in particular, when interpreting the results of experiments with the simultaneous recording of several psychophysiological indices.
Caydırıcılığın Madde Kullanımı Açısından Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Türk Burcu , Yavuz Mustafa Fatih
Published: December 2018

Objective:One of the most important components in the fight against crime is penal policies. The aim of this research is to determine the meaning of penal sanctions with regards to substance use and reveal the influence of punishment in individuals committing an offence, also whether the penalties are deterrent or not.
Materials and Methods: The sample of this research is made up of students studying in universities. 277 university students participated to the gathering information phase of this research through survey method.
Results:The participants stated in the following percentages that they used the below substances at least once; 17.9% marijuana, 3.4% heroine, 4.5% cocaine, 2.6% LSD, 4.5% ecstasy, 3% bonsai. 41.4% of the students think that the probability of school administration’s noticing the students using substance is low. 71.6% know substance use is a crime legally and 44.2% think that the penal sanctions given for substance use are not deterrent. 54.9 %of the students using substances and 24.1% of students not using substances think that seizure risk of a person using substances is low. When the reasons of not using substance is asked during the survey; 64% of the students stated that they believe it will be harmful for their health, while 9% declared fearing punishment and seizure depending on the risk perception of seizure.
Conclusion:Per the results of the research, it is possible to state that the participants do not have clear information about the punishments imposed for substance use and about penal sanctions, their confidence to especially accuracy...
Muğla’da Otopsisi Yapılan Gençlik Yaş Grubuna Ait Olguların Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Balcı Yasemin , Kadı Gülsüm , Erbaş Melike , Göçeoğlu Ümit Ünüvar
Published: December 2018

Objective:The objective of this study was to evaluate the cases belonging to youths autopsied in Muğlaand to reveal regional profile of deaths in forensic cases to make suggestions by evaluating these cases.
Materials and Method:We retrospectively evaluated the autopsy reports of 162 (%10,1) cases belonging to the age group of 15-24 years; out of 1603 autopsies that were done in Muğla Directorate of Forensic Medicine Institute between the years of 2013 and 2016
Findings:The frequency of this age group was higher in 2015 with 59 cases and in 2016 with 39 cases. The 82,7% of cases was men and 17,3% was women, there were 76 cases (46,9%) belonging to the age group of 15-19 years and 86 cases (53,1%) belonging to the age group of 20-24 years. The 75,3% of cases was having Turkish nationality and the rest were foreigners. The cases were mostly sent from Bodrum, Fethiye and Milas accordingly. The events were reported as sudden unexpected for 23 cases, emerged from water for 50 cases, firearm for 19 cases and various accidents for 45 cases. The causes of deaths were reported for 51 cases (31,5%) as drowning, for 10 cases (6,2%) as natural causes, for 90 cases (55,5%) as violent death and for 11 cases (6,8%) as unidentified causes. There were 12 (7,4%) decayed cases, 10 of these were emerged from water. In toxicological analysis alcohol was found in blood for 44 cases and for 15 of these alcohol was found also in vitreous fluid.
Results and Conclusions
Dövmenin (Tatuaj) Lazerle Silinmesi Hekim Sorumluluğu: Bir Olgu Sunumu
Authors: Yolaçan Ebru , Dağ Oğlakcıoğlu Gülşah , Cantürk Gürol
Published: December 2018

Tattoo (tattooing) is a practice that continued from ancient times to modern-day. It represents a belief for communities, a social class or the identity. Tattoo is applied to human body in different patterns and colors. Some of the mare temporary while others are permanent. The ink injected into the dermis layer ensures that tattoo is permanent. Tattooing has gained prevalence among young people in recent years. Associated with prevalent, later, depending on the increase of those who want to be removed tattoo, scientists have searched for different treatments on tattoo removal methods. Some of these methods are destructive techniques such as dermabrasion, cryosurgery, electrosurgery and surgical excision. Since they have a lot of side effects, laser technology has advanced in recent years. The most common method used today for tattoo removal is the Q- switched laser method. A few clinics are aimed at disintegrating the tattoo painting by interfering with...
Adli Tıp Pratiğinde Nadir Görülen Bir Olgu: Dekompresyon Hastalığı
Authors: Meral Orhan , Kaya Ahsen , Aktaş Ekin Özgür
Published: December 2018

Decompression Disease, also known as Caisson Disease, is a condition caused by bubbles formed by inert gases (Nitrogen, Helium, etc.) dissolved in blood and tissues under pressure and is usually seen in divers. These inert gases, which are dissolved by the action of decreasing pressure, come out of solution and form bubbles in vessels and tissues resulting in prevention of tissue nutrition. This condition may produce no symptoms; however, it also may result in a wide range of pathologies from simple fatigue to dyspnea, paraplegia and even death. A 41-year-old male patient who applied to the Forensic Medical Polyclinic with a request for report and developed a “Decompression Disease” resulting from rapid water surface elevation from 27 meters in depth at sea according to the received story is presented as a rare case in forensic medicine practice and to emphasize the forensic medical approach in such cases.
Antifungal Potency of Essential Oil Components of African Ginger - Zingiber officinale (Roscoe)
Authors: Markson Aniedi Abasi Akpan , Kalu Ndukwe Nwaogburu , Akwaji Patrick Ishoro
Published: December 2018

The antifungal potency of essential oil ofzingiber officinale(Roscoe) (African Ginger) was investigated using the hyphal extension bioassay. The essential oil (vacuum distillate) was obtained through vacuum distillation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the oil revealed 27 compounds with six compounds (1.8-Cineole, α-Pinene, Camphene, (E,E)-α-Fanesene, Geranial and Zingiberene) showing major biological activity. Results of antifungal screening of the bioactive blend from these compounds and vacuum distillate in comparison with four synthetic fungicides revealed that the bioactive blend was more effective against the test pathogen –Botryodiplodia theobromae(Pat.) in culture allowing the shortest hyphal lengths of 1.12cm, 0.28cm and 0.18cm at 50, 75 and 100μg/ml concentration compared with 3.39cm, 0.77cm and 0.28cm respectively obtained for forcelet (the best fungicide tested). Vacuum distillate was comparable (P<0.05) in performance to the bioactive blend. These two plant-based chemicals were persistent in their action againstB. theobromaeat all levels of concentration throughout the course of the experiment.
Microbiological Quality of Peanuts: From Field to Consumption
Authors: Uçkun Okşan , Var Işıl
Published: December 2018

Peanuts, including shelled peanuts, unshelled peanuts and roasted peanuts which are ready to eat foods, recently appeared as possible sources of infection with foodborne bacteria besides the high levels of aflatoxins. Peanuts which are taken from harvest, storage and snack shops were evaluated for the presence of Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp; also total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, coliforms, E.coli. and yeasts and moulds, were enumerated.A total of 92 samples were found to be clean in terms of Salmonella and E-coli O157: H7, but only in 1 of the samples of shelled peanut taken from harvest found Listeria spp. Shelled peanut samples collected from harvest and storage were found to be contaminated in terms of microorganisms, however, microbiological contamination was found to be less in the samples obtained when the shells of the same specimens were removed.In addition, in terms of microorganisms it was observed that the shell free samples taken from storage were dirtier than the samples which was being removed the shell taken from storage. Shell-free (unpackaged) roasted peanuts samples purchased from the snack shops was found clean in terms of the pathogens. When salt and heat treatment applied over 4%, existing microorganisms can be damaged. Besides, the water activity value of the product can reduce the level of that microorganisms growth. Therefore, processed peanuts are safer in the environment in which they are stored, unless the relative humidity increase and is not subject to cross-contamination.
A utilidade como critério de classificação do direito e no direito
Authors: Costa Valterlei Aparecido da , Timm do Valle Maurício Dalri
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo tem por objeto examinar as classificações do direito realizadas pela doutrina, bem como as classificações contidas no direito. E o foco principal é a utilidade como valor do ato classificatório. Para tanto, utiliza a lógica e a semiótica. Conclui que o ato lógico de classificar é a aplicação de uma diferença sobre o gênero, cujo produto é então julgado pelos pares do classificador como útil ou inútil. (Classificação do direito). Já quanto às classificações no direito, infere não serem elas realmente classificações, mas atos volitivos com função prescritiva, e não explicativa, do mundo.
A repetição do indébito tributário indireto e a (i)legitimidade do consumidor final: mudança de paradigma ou casuísmo do Superior Tribunal de Justiça?
Authors: Rosenblatt Paulo , Gurgel Filho Ítalo De Oliveira
Published: December 2018

O artigo 166 do Código Tributário Nacional (CTN), que trata da repetição do indébito tributário indireto, é uma das questões mais obscuras que o acompanham nos seus mais de 50 (cinquenta) anos de vigência. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo busca analisar, de maneira crítica, as peculiaridades do referido dispositivo legal, bem como os requisitos necessários à restituição dos tributos “que, por sua natureza, comportam a transferência do respectivo encargo financeiro”. Além disso, será discutida a polêmica decisão do Superior Tribunal de Justiça - STJ, tomada no Recurso Especial nº 1.299.303/SC, no qual a Corte considerou possível a restituição do ICMS incidente na demanda de energia elétrica pelo consumidor, posicionamento que caminhou em sentido oposto à Súmula 546 do Supremo Tribunal Federal - STF, até então invocada pelo STJ no julgamento das questões relacionadas à restituição de tributos indiretos. O estudo aborda os fundamentos e as contradições desse acórdão e debate a eventual mudança de paradigma jurisprudencial.
Um estudo sobre as proibições e restrições às exportações de alimentos no âmbito da OMC / GATT
Authors: Whang Cindy , Almeida Wilson
Published: December 2018

A OMC, derivada do GATT, está assentada em princípios como Nação Mais Favorecida e Tratamento Nacional, entre outros. Existe também uma tradição de evoluir o comércio mundial por meios de Rodadas, principalmente fundada na redução de tarifas. No caso de alimentos alguns autores e mesmo autoridades defendem que deve haver tratamento diferenciado pela relevância que estes representam para a vida das pessoas. Este artigo trata de como a OMC nos seus processos tratam especialmente os alimentos.
Direito Fundamental à Sáude: microcefalia e políticas sanitárias para combate do Zika Virus
Authors: Maciel-Lima Sandra , Oliveira Francisco Cardozo , Domingos Isabela Moreira
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo retrata o Direito fundamental à saúde e Políticas de Saneamento Básico como mecanismos propulsores para o desenvolvimento humano. A partir da análise do Plano de Enfrentamento Nacional para o Combate ao Vírus Zika (ZIKV), busca-se abordar a microcefalia como uma emergência sanitária de alcance global. Até a presente data, mais de 48 países já notificaram a transmissão do vírus Zika: América do Norte; América Central; Caribe e, em especial, a América do Sul, com maior número de incidência. Razão pela qual, requer a mobilização das autoridades públicas e a sociedade através de movimentos de conscientização, investimento em tecnologia, pesquisas e infraestrutura básica para a eliminação do vetor Aedes Aegypti no território brasileiro.
Theory and calculation of parameters of the detonation engine thermodynamical cycle
Authors: Grigoriev A. V. , Mitrofanov V. A. , Rudakov O. A. , Solovieva A. V.
Published: December 2018

The ideal thermodynamic cycle of a detonation engine is substantiated and a method of computing the engine parameters is presented. In the ideal cycle the processes of gas compression and expansion are adiabatic. It is shown that low thermodynamic effectiveness of the detonation engine can be explained by significant wave losses of the total pressure in the shock wave and the entropy increase. The advantage of the engine in comparison with other thermal machines is the capability of obtaining a high value of absolute energy of the gas flow to do the work of gas expansion. While analyzing the thermodynamic cycle it is assumed, like in the gas turbine engine theory, that the characteristics of gas condition are determined by the parameters of stagnation subsonic flow in the sections corresponding to the beginning and the end of the processes making up the cycle. Heat supply downstream of the shock wave takes place in the subsonic flow in a constant-pressure process. Consideration of the cycle with stagnation parameters significantly simplifies its analysis and gives a fuller picture of its energy. A formula for calculating the coefficient of thermal efficiency of the ideal cycle of a detonation engine is presented as a function of the specific speed of propagation of the stabilized shock wave. It is shown that the ideal thermodynamic cycle of a detonation engine is described by two adiabatic curves, an isothermal curve determining huge wave losses, and two isobaric curves. The work of gas expansion in a detonation engine can be implemented both for obtaining the moving force of a vehicle and in industry, e. g., for metal hardening and cutting, production of high-hardness artificial diamonds, geophysical investigation.
Automated construction of a fan blade model according to data of CAD profile measurements
Authors: Arkhipov A. N. , Bugrjashova E. V. , Ravikovich Yu. A. , Savin R. A. , Terentjev V. V. , Shevjakov A. O.
Published: December 2018

The principle of automated construction of a fan blade model according to the profile measurements performed in a CAD-system is presented. Automatic construction of the model is based on the results of measurements obtained in the course of the control measurement procedure. The process of the blade airfoil control with the use of a portal-type Coord3 Hera NT coordinate-measuring machine and a measuring head with a Renishaw PH10T probe is described. The main points of the check method and instrumentation measures are presented. For example, the principle of the fan blade fixing is considered, the process of measuring the position of the base surfaces and points is presented, the process of measuring the profile points coordinates is described, the geometric parameters obtained in the course of calculation of profile deviations are presented. A measured 3D model of the fan blade is created according to the data of the control measurement procedure, taking into account complementary construction tools. The order of work for the automation of constructing a three-dimensional blade model is described. The direction of further work is specified, related to carrying out strength calculations to create a hot model of the measured blade, and subsequent aerodynamic calculations of the resulting blade to determine the most efficient set of geometric parameters for robust optimization.
MODFLOW/MT3DMS Based Modeling Leachate Pollution Transfer in Solid Waste Disposal of Bahar Plain Deep Aquifer
Authors: Tizro Abdollah Taheri , Sarhadi Behzad , Mohamadi Mohamad
Published: December 2018

Background and purpose: This paper presents a case study in simulation of process governing leachate occurrence and subsequent transport, and investigates its migration away from the landfill to control environmental adverse effects on a deep aquifer.Materials and Methods: The landfill examined in this study was an area of 240 ha and received 500 ton/day of solid waste generated from Hamedan and its surrounding including Bahar, and Jurghan. Based on the finite difference technique, leachate transport and penetration into the Hamedan plain aquifer was simulated exerting MODFLOW and MT3DMS codes in GMS Software.Results: It was concluded that landfill geological structure had the greatest influence on the transfer of urban solid waste leachate in traditional disposal sites. A low permeable conglomerate layer prohibited leachate migration to the main semi-confined aquifer. The results also indicated that urban solid waste leachate was only excited to migrate toward recharging waterways of aquifer by surface flows flooding as well as severe rainfalls.Conclusion: Geological structure of the landfill area had the greatest influence on the development of leachate pollution of municipal solid waste in traditional disposal sites. The spread of pollution to the deep aquifer near the waste disposal site was practically inhibited by an impermeable conglomerate layer in the municipal waste disposal.
Substance Use Disorders in the Elderly People Referring to Addiction Treatment Clinics, 2017
Authors: Saberi Mohammad , FaniSaberi Lale , Mousavinasab Nouroeddin , Zarghami Mehran , Taraghi Zohreh
Published: December 2018

Background and Purpose: Addiction is regarded as a disorder of brain function. The current paper aimed at investigating the substance use disorders characteristics among elderly people.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-correlation study, 200 elderlies referred to Amol Addiction Treatment Clinics were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The data collection tool was the demographic questionnaire, and alcohol, smoking, and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST) developed by the WHO. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential tests, such as independent t-test and ANOVA using SPSS Software (V.21).Results: All study sample elders (100%) consumed opioids, 65% tobacco products, 31% alcoholic beverages, and 26.5% sedatives or sleeping pills. There was a significant correlation between mean of tobacco products consumption and gender (P=0.001), income (P=0.030), and job (P<0.001). There was also a significant correlation between the mean of cannabis consumption and gender (P=0.013), and income (P=0.011). Also there was a significant correlation between mean of sedatives consumption and job (P=0.039); as well as a significant correlation between the mean of alcoholic beverages consumption and marriage (P=0.037). However, there were not documented any significant relationship between education, housing status, number of children, death of loved ones, and the severity of substance use disordersConclusion: Recognition of factors affecting substance use disorders among older people seems necessary.
Effects of Solvents on the In-vitro Antioxidant Activity of Dennettia tripetala G. Baker and Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C. Berg Root Extracts
Authors: Ekere Nwachukwu , Okparanozie Tochukwu , Agbo Matthias
Published: December 2018

Background and Purpose: The root extracts of Dennettia tripetala G. Baker and Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C. Berg was investigated for their in-vitro antioxidant activities.Materials and Methods:  The pulverized roots of Dennettia tripetala and Milicia excelsa were extracted separately by cold maceration using ethyl acetate, methanol, n-butanol and water respectively as the extracting solvents. In-vitro antioxidant, the activity of root extracts was then investigated using DPPH model. The results obtained was analyzed using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) involving GraphPad Prism 5 Software.Results: The antioxidant assay of various extracts, using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging model, revealed that the ethanol and n-butanol extracts of D. tripetala had better radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 2.02 and 0.631 µg/mL for ethanol and n-butanol extracts, respectively.  The methanol and ethanol extracts of M. excelsa showed higher radical scavenging capacity with IC50 of 0.194 and 8.84 µg/mL compared to that of the ascorbic acid which had IC50 value of 4.60 µg/mL.Conclusion: The radical scavenging ability of the extracts could be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolics.
Frequency and Correlates of Sexual Dysfunction among Women Attending Outpatient Gynecological Clinics
Authors: Hamidi Madani Ali , Nargess Tavakoli Lahijani Seyedeh , Farzan Alireza , Esmaeili Samaneh , Hamidi Madani Zahra
Published: December 2018

Background and purpose: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a high-frequent multifactorial problem and may have a major effect on the quality of life. This study was conducted to investigate frequency of female sexual dysfunction and its correlated factors in women attending outpatient gynecological clinics.Methods: A total of 300 married women attending four gynecological outpatient clinics in Rasht, Iran were assessed. Sexual function was evaluated through Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire. Demographic characteristics, obstetric and surgical history, some medical conditions and body mass index (BMI), life style variants, knowledge about sexuality, and help-seeking behavior were assessed by a self-created questionnaire. Statistical analysis included Fisher exact test Chi-square and Spearman’s correlation coefficients.Results: 76.67% of all women in this study reported sexual dysfunction in at least one domain. The total frequency of FSD according to the low total FSFI score was 18.3%. The most frequent dysfunction was desire disorders (63.7%). The frequencies of other sexual disorders were as follows: pain disorders (35.7%), arousal disorders (34.7%), orgasmic disorders (16%), lubrication disorders (10.7%), and satisfaction disorders (10.7%). Age, number of deliveries, number of children, number of abortions, menopause, mode of delivery, episiotomy, anemia, psychiatric disease, psychotropic medication use, poor sexual knowledge, and husband’s age showed a significant statistical correlation with low total FSFI score. Women who thought they had a sexual problem involved 15.3% of all subjects, of which 67.4% have had no professional consultation about it.Conclusion: FSD is highly frequent in women referred to gynecological clinics. Thus, more attention to the state of women’s sexual health is recommended.
A Review of the Effects of Climate Change with an Emphasis on Burden of Waterborne Diseases
Authors: Gholami-Borujen Fathollahi , Ali Zazouli Mohammad , Fallahi Sahar
Published: December 2018

Background and Purpose: Climate change has major impact on water cycle, resulting in effects on water resources, the frequency and severity of droughts, floods due to severe rainfall, natural environments, society, and economics and human health.  In this paper, surveys on different models of climate change as well as the effects of climate change on the burden of waterborne diseases and also, the strengths and weaknesses of the study methodology have been reviewed.Materials and Methods: The key words “climate change”, “water borne disease”, “temperature change”, burden of disease” were used in combination with the Boolean operators “OR” and “AND”. The researchers did electronic search on PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, and Google Scholar. The search was conducted with publication year limitation between January 2005 to June 2017.Results: From 152 original articles, 54 papers were about modeling of climate change, 74 papers indicated the effect of climate change on infection disease, and 24 papers surveyed the water quality impact. The reviewed literature showed that, most studies had been conducted in rich countries, and the estimates of the burden of disease due to climate change were uncertain for the following reasons: 1- Uncertainty about the climate changes due to changes in greenhouse gas emissions 2- Uncertainty about the direct and indirect relationship between the climate and human health 3-Uncertainty about the relationship between climate and health as a result of socioeconomic changes in the future.Conclusion: Uncertainty in these estimates has led to little studies in this regard.
Evaluation of the efficiency of combined therapy with telmisartan and lacidipine in patients with isolated systolic arterial hypertension
Authors: Ratova L. G. , Dmitriyev V. V. , Kotkina T. I.
Published: December 2018

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Sodium chloride sensitivity and some calcium and sodium metabolic parameters in patients with essential hypertension
Authors: Demeshko O. D. , Chunna S. K.
Published: December 2018

The paper deals with the comparison of blood pressures, sodium and calcium metabolic values in 44 patients with essential hypertension during a salt-loading test before and treatment with soluble calcium drugs There is evidence that excessive consumption of salt stimulates urinary calcium losses and aggravates calcium metabolic disorders that in turn result in sodium chloride sensitivity Having no direct antihypertensive action, calcium agents have proved to reduce salt sensitivity in patients with essential hypertension
Causes and consequences of sympathetic overactivity in hypertension
Authors: Shlyakhto E. V. , Conrady A. Ο.
Published: December 2018

The paper is dedicated to methods to assess sympathetic activity in humans and role of simpathetic nervous system in development and progression of arterial hypertension. The impact of simpathetic overactivity into blood pressure elevation is discussed as consequences of sympathetic overactivity from target organ damage, metabolic disorders and long-term prognosis.
Remodelling and left ventricular diastolic function in relation to blood pressure variability in patients with arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease
Authors: Kozina A. A. , Vasyuk Yu. A. , Yushchuk Yc. N. , Nesterova Ye. A. , Sadulayeva LA. ..
Published: December 2018

Sixty five patients (mean age 55.7 ± 8,7 years), including 51 patients with arterial hypertension (AH) (mean age 54,9 ± 8,6 years) and 14 patients with a combination of AG and coronary heart disease (CHD) with postinfarction cardiosclerosis (mean age 54,9 ± 8,6 years) were examined. According to the values of average daily blood pressure variability (HPV), the patients were divided into subgroups with normal (11 patients with AH and 3 patients with AH and CHD) and increased (39 patients with AH and 12 patients with AH and CUD) BPV. Patients with isolated AH were found to have developed concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle (LV), and moderate LV diastolic dysfunction mainly with impaired relaxation and the patients with a combination of AH and CHD with postinfarction cardiosclerosis had more significant LV structural and geometric derangements with a tendency for the development of eccentric hypertrophy of the LV, as well as more marked diastolic dysfunction with a larger proportion of the pseudo-normal and restrictive types of LV diastolic function. Patients with increased average daily BPV were found to have more significant LV structural, geometrical, and diastolic impairments.
Diagnostic effectiveness of spatial indices of computed vectorcardiography for evaluation of left ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: Boitsov S. A. , Gizhayev S. L. , Lastochkin I. G. , Pinegin A. N.
Published: December 2018

The paper shows how the spatial indices of a cardiac signal obtained from recording high-performance signal-average EGG may be useful in diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy.
The first Russian national multicenter study - ROBLS (Russian Optimal Blood pressure Lowering Study)
Authors: Belenkov Yu. N. , Chazova I. Ye.
Published: December 2018

ROBIS is the first large multicenter study performed in Russia. The Objective of the study was to compare the efficiency, safely, and impact of two treatment policies (the application of an algorithm to the stepwise use of 4 classes of antihypertensive agents in an intensive care group and random antihypertensive therapy in a routine treatment group) on the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with arterial hypertension. Design: This is a national multicenter open consecutive prospective study. The patients meeting the criteria of inclusion were randomly divided into two equal groups, one of them (an intensive care group) received therapy with a nifedipine retard in Fixed dose for 4 weeks. In patients who failed to achieve the target level of blood pressure (BP), the therapy was supplemented by enalapril, 20 mg, hydrochlorothiazide, 25 mg, and metoprolol, 50 mg, at a 4-week interval. After achieving the target BP level, the patients continued the treatment with which the level had been attained. If the antihypertensive effect of therapy was found to disappear, the above drugs were successively supplemented. The other group (a routine treatment group) continued to be treated with the antihypertensive drugs prescribed in the polyclinic (Fig. 1). BP and heart rate were monitored and the patients' complaints and adverse reactions were recorded on repeated visits 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 52, 64, 70, 88, and 104 weeks after the initiation of therapy. Control blood and urine analyses and ECG studies were made 12, 16, 52, and 104 weeks after therapy.
Evaluation of the effects of atenolol and nifedipine retard on the functional status of cerebral circulation in patients with arterial hypertension in relation to risk factors
Authors: Gapon L. I. , Veselina G. N. , Kolesnikova S. N. , Prilepova A. A.
Published: December 2018

The effects of the conventional antihypertensive agents atenolol and nifedipine retard on the functional status of cerebral circulation were studied in patients with first- and second-degree arterial hypertension (AH) in relation to its risk factors. In smoking patients, atenolol was shown to increase the pulsation index, which can affect arterial elasticity. In AH patients having risk factors (familial history, smoking, and hypercholesterolemia), the antihypertensive effect of nifedipine retard did not increase the cerebrovascular responsiveness index, which is indicative of the decreased compensatory capacities of cerebral arteries.
Treatment of arterial hypertension in patients with diabetes mellitus and nephropathy: current potentialities of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system block
Authors: Ostroumova O. D. , Zykova A. A. , Batutina A. M.
Published: December 2018

Diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension are major risk factors of cardiovascular complications. Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage chronic renal failure in the world; next is hypertensive nephropathy. Microalbuminuria is the earliest clinical marker of renal dysfunction. The basic clinical significance of microalbuminuria is that it is an independent risk factor of both end-stage chronic renal failure and cardiovascular complications. Controlling blood pressure with antihypertensive agents in patients with diabetes mellitus ensures diminished microalbuminuria and retards the development of chronic renal failure. Angiotensin II receptor blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are essential drugs for the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus and nephropathy. A combination of these two classes of drugs offers new prospects for nephroprotection in this group of patients.
Role of nitric oxide and its metabolites in the regulation of vascular tone in hypertensive disease
Authors: Moiseyeva O. M. , Aleksandrova L. A. , Yemelyanov I. V. , Merkulova Y. I. , Ivanova T. G. , Zhloba A. A.
Published: December 2018

The effects of nitric oxide and its metabolites on vascular tone were studied in patients with hypertensive disease (HD) during isometric exercise and reactive hyperemia tests. During the static loading tests, blood pressure increases were followed by the development of vasospastic reactions, by the higher activity of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system, by a reduction in parasympathetic effects, by a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase and in the concentrations of nitrites/nitrates in the plasma, by the activation of lipid peroxidation, and by an increase in the levels of S-nitrosothiols. The reactive hyperemia test showed a higher production of nitric oxide and developed vasodilator reactions. The activation of lipid peroxidation is common to these stress tests. However, the formation of peroxynitrites and S-nitrosothiols aggravates nitric oxide deficiency and potentiates the development of vasoconstrictive reactions in patients with HD under decreased SOD-like activity.
Effect of a small-dose combination of antihypertensive agents on the clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients with arterial hypertension
Authors: Galeyeva Z. M. , Galyavich A. S.
Published: December 2018

Forty patients with stages I-II arterial hypertension (AH) were examined. After a two-week control period, the patients were given Noliprel (a small-dose combination of perindopril and the diuretic indapamidе) in a dose of 1 tablet in the morning to correct elevated blood pressure (BP). The course of therapy lasted 3 months. No additional therapy was performed. The level of CB lowering, the proportion of the patients in whom BP became normal, as well as the clinical and biological tolerance of the therapy were estimated. The small-dose combination of perindopril and indapamidе showed its high antihypertensive efficacy (significant reductions in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP; BP was normalized in 80 % of the patients within 3 months, in most patients within the first month of treatment). Noliprel proved to be well clinically and biologically tolerated.
Clinical significance of heart rate variability and Q-T interval duration during Holter monitoring of ECG in patients with essential hypertension
Authors: Shabalin A. V. , Gulyaeva Ye. N. , Torochkina Ye. Ye. , Verkoshanskaya E. M. , Kovalenko O. V. , Krikovtsov A. S.
Published: December 2018

The clinical significance of heart rate variability and Q-T interval duration during 24-hour bifunctional monitoring of ECG and blood pressure (BP) was studied in 81 patients aged 22-58 years (mean 41,40±0,72 years) who had Stages I-III essential hypertension (EH). A comparison group included 20 healthy individuals. Temporary and spectral methods were used to assess the parameters of heart rate variability; 24-hour Q-Tand O-Tk intervals, as well as echocardiographic data were analyzed. Patients with Stages I-III EH were ascertained to have a progressive decrease in diurnal heart rate variability along with a reduction in the total power of the spectrum, in the power of low-frequency constituents, and in their ratio. EH progression was found to be associated with an increase in the duration of the Q-T interval, its corrected values during daylight hours and with the degree of heart rate variability without circadian changes. The degree of autonomous cardiac control was statistically significantly related to heart rate variability and a risk for ventricular repolarization disorders.
ß-adrenoblockers in essential hypertension: Overview of the third millenium
Authors: Konradi A. O. , Berngardt E. R. , Smirnova Ye. N.
Published: December 2018

The paper presents the data available in the literature and the authors' findings on the role of ß-blockers in the treatment of arterial hypertension, on negative metabolic effects, and ways of their overcome The advantages of nebivolol in the treatment of essential hypertension are demonstrated The data of the SENIORS study on the beneficial effects in the treatment of elderly patients with heart failure are given
Evaluation of the elastic properties of the arterial wall in young patients with arterial hypertension
Authors: Storozhakov G. I. , Vereshchagina G. S. , Chervyakova Yu. B. , Fedotova N. M.
Published: December 2018

To study early impairments in the elastic properties of the vascular wall in arterial hypertension (AH), 32 hypertensive patients of young age (18,9±2,6 years) were examined, a control group comprised 35 healthy young males of the same age Doppler ultrasound study (DUSS) of the common carotid (CC), brachial, and radial arteries was performed and CC wall elasticity modules, aortic compliance, and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were estimated Analyzing the results of DUSS in patients with AH revealed no significant differences in velocity parameters and in the values of peripheral resistance The estimation of the elasticity module at rest and during functional tests demonstrated a less increment in this parameter in patients with AH during exercise than in the control group Elasticity module changes were heteiodirectional during nitroglycerine tests The estimation of PWV revealed a significant increase in this parameter, which was indicative of early impairments in the elastic properties of the vascular wall The high informative \ alue and technical simplicity permit the use of PWV as a screening of vascular wall lesion in patients with AH
The psychological and hemodynamic features of patients with arterial hypertension under emotional stress
Authors: Sokolov Ye. I. , Ostroumova O. D. , Pervichko Ye. I. , Guseva T. F. , Baryshnikova M. ..
Published: December 2018

The physiological, psychological, and behavioral features under emotional stress were compared in 44 patients with Stage II hypertensive disease (HD) (including 22 patients with the so-called office hypertension and 22 patients with the equal values of blood pressure (BP) on a working day and a day-off) and in 30 age and gender-matched healthy individuals During emotional stress, patients with HD had a significantly great rise in systolic BP as compared with healthy individuals (on the average by 11 and 3 mm Hg, respectively) The claims made by these patients were characterized by a rather great extent, instability and then nonverbal behavior was marked by a significantly large number of gestures and by altered voice tone as compared with the healthy individuals As compared with group 2 patients, the patients with office hypertension exhibited a rather great rise in systolic BP (on the average by 14 and 3 mm Hg, respectively) in response to emotional stress, no increase in reactive anxiety during emotional stress, a higher inadequacy frequency (69,2%) and instability (46,1%) of the level of claims, and behavioral peculiarities (a smaller number of gestures and postures, as well as greater mimics) as compared with patients in whom BP was the same or lower on a working day than on a day-off
The structural and functional features of the microcirculatory bed in patients with arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lohankova L. A. , Kotovskaya Yu. V. , Milto A. S. , Kobalava Zh. D.
Published: December 2018

The structural and functional features of the microcirculatory heel (MCB) were studied in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) in relation to the presence or absence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Two hundred and twelve patients were examined. These included 110 patients with grades 1 and 2 arterial hypertension (AH) and type 2 DM, 82 patients with AH without type 2 DM, and 20 apparently healthy individuals. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) was used to estimate basal blood flow, the loading test parameters characterizing the structural and functional status of MCB, and the incidence of hemodynamic types of microcirculation. Patients with AH concurrent with type 1 DM were found to have the following microcirculatory features: an increase in perfusion blood flow (microcirculation index, 8,8±1,8 perf. units versus 4,9±0,8 perf, units in patients with AH without DM and 6,7±0,9 perf. units in the control group), a drastic reduction in myogenic activity to 13,2±5,7 % versus 16,7±6,8 and 25,2±6,4 %, respectively, a decrease in vascular resistance, impairment of autoregulation, and low reserve capacities (reserve capillary blood flow was 197,8±31,6 % versus 429,9±82,01 % in the group of AH without DM and 302,8±50,1 % in the control group), a predominance of the hyperemic hemodynamic type (58,8 % in patients with AH and DM, 20,9 % in those with AH without DM, and 20,0 % in the controls). The specific features of the altered microcirculatory bed in patients with AH concurrent with type 2 DM were ascertained. These included the predominance of hyperemic microcirculation, impaired autoregulation. diminished microvascular resistance, and the low reserve capacities of the microcirculatory bed.
Pharmacological study of arterial blood variability in an experiment on awake animals
Authors: Tsyrlin V. A. , Gavrikov K. Ye. , Khrustaleva R. S. , Feldsherova N. A.
Published: December 2018

The purpose of the present investigation was ю evaluate the effects of the representatives of two classes of antihypertensive drills central acting agents and those affecting the rennin-angiotensin system on blood pressure (BP) variability in awake rats. Experiments were carried out on normotensive male Wistar rats, spontaneously-hypertensive rats (SHR), and non-inbred albino rats with induced renal hypertension. In the experiments. HI' and intersystolic interval were recorded and arterial baroreceptor reflex was tested. Mean BP variability appeared as undulating fluctuations with a variable amplitude (from 5 to 15 mm Hg) and a duration of 5 to several tens of cardiac cycles. The observed BP fluctuations had no well-defined periodic shape. They did not affect mean BP and stable-unstable BP transition was not attended by mean pressure changes. In hypertensive rats, BP and its variability were higher and the baroreceptor reflex was less than in normotensive rats. Captopril and aprovel in used doses produced an antihypertensive effect; they did not affect HP variability. In hypertensive animals, captopril-induced reductions in BP were followed by a decrease in its variability whereas approve was responsible lor an increase in BP variability. Clonidine and rilmenidine lowered mean BP and its variability in all experiments.
The gene polymorphism of endothelial NO-synthase and the structural and functional state of large vessels in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: Yakovleva O. I. , Vakhrameyeva N. V. , Larionova V. I. , Bogdanova M. A. , Konradi A. O.
Published: December 2018

Remodeling of large arteries and endothelial dysfunction, as left ventricular hypertrophy, is associated with the development of severe cardiovascular events and worse prognosis in patients with hypertensive disease. The impact of genetic determinants on the development of such lesions to target organs in this group of patients was the subject of wide speculation. We determined the genotype of endothelial NO-synthase (the polymorphisms 4a/4b and Glu298Asp) in 51 patients (28 males and 23 females; mean age |48,0±6,3 years) with hypertensive disease and left ventricular hypertrophy; the profile of blood pressure (BP) was assessed by its 24-hour monitoring data; the thickness of an intima-media complex was measured during ultrasound study. Endothelial function was determined by the increase in the diameter of the brachial artery during a reactive hyperemia test. The remodeling of large arteries in the examinees was found to be associated with both the average BP levels and age. There was no relationship of the gene polymorphism of endothelial NO-synthase to the daily BP profile and the remodeling of the large arteries alike. Endothelial dysfunction in t lie examinees was associated with the carriage of the mutant allele T of the gene of endothelial NO-synthase.
Central regulation of circulation and arterial hypertension
Authors: Tsyrlin V. A.
Published: December 2018

Modern concepts about role of autonomic nervous system central regulation disturbance in pathogenesis of arterial hypertension are analysed in this article. Also it is examined presented hypothesis. explaining the increase of sympathetic nervous system activity and depression of vagal nerve tonuson experimental pathology at animals and essential hypertension at human.
Characteristics of subclinical inflammation in uncomplicated arterial hypertension
Authors: Kobalava Z. D. , Kotovskaya Y. V. , Dogotar O. A. , Villevalde S. V. , Mirilashvili T. S.
Published: December 2018

Objective. Inflammation and oxidative stress are important determinants for target organ damage in arterial hypertension. The aim of the study was to evaluate inflammatory and oxidative markers in uncomplicated arterial hypertension. Methods. Study population included 114 (59 male, age 30-65 years) untreated hypertensive non-diabetic patients without associated clinical conditions. Plasma concentrations of malonic dyaldehyde and SH-groups were evaluated as oxidative stress markers. Serum concentrations of ultrasensitive CRP, TNF-α, interleukins (IL) lß, 4 and 6 were measured. Correlation between oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, blood pressure and traditional risk factors was analyzed. Results. In 45% patients elevation at leas of one pro-inflammatory cytokine was found. In 26,3% this elevation was revealed together with low anti-inflammatory ration (IL-4/IL-6), in 18,4% - with high IL-4/IL-6. In 55% concentration of all pro-inflammatory cytokines was lower than median. In one third of patients low cytokines levels were observed together with low IL-4/IL-6, in 22% - with high IL-4/IL-6. Regression analysis revealed that inflammatory and oxidative status are unrelated to gender, age and determined by diastolic blood pressure, smoking, dyslipidemia and rennin-angiotensine system activity. Conclusion. In untreated hypertensive non-diabetic patients High levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines may coexist either with low or high intiinflammatory ratio of IL-4/IL-6. Inflammatory and oxidative status are determined haemodynamic load, smoking, dyslipidemia and rennin-angiotensine system activity.
Antiischemic and antiarrhytmic effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor zofenopril in the rat model of acute myocardial ischemia
Authors: Shlyakhto E. V. , Galagudza M. M. , Blokhin I. O. , Tsirlin V. A. , Syrenskii A. V. , Egorova E. I. , Nifontov E. M.
Published: December 2018

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are widely used in heart failure therapy, but little is known about their antiischemic effccts. The primary aim of this study was to investigate antiischemic effectiveness of SH-containing ACE inhibitor zofenopril in rats in comparison to captopril. The results provide an evidence that zofenopril, in contrast to captopril, reduces infarct size when administered intravenously at a dose of 2,5 mg/kg 30 minutes before ischemia. Antiischemic effect of zofenopril may be due to its high affinity to myocardial tissue. Unlike captopril, zofenopril exerted significant antiarrhythmic effect against ischemic ventricular tachyarrhytmias. Antiischemic effect of zofenopril was evident at a relatively high dose only and, therefore, was associated with considerable hypotensive effect.