bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aplicabilidades da técnica de fotogrametria no ensino de Anatomia Humana
Authors: Duarte Marcelo Mota de Souza , Araujo Maria Clara Emos de , Louredo Lucas da Mota , Louredo Joelma da Mota , Arruda Jalsi Tacon
Published: August 2021

A anatomia humana é uma das principais disciplinas dos currículos de formação na área da saúde. As técnicas utilizadas para o ensino se baseiam principalmente em dissecção cadavérica e uso de peças sintéticas, apresentando limitações e exigindo novas abordagens. A produção de biomodelos a partir da tecnologia 3D é uma ferramenta inovadora para ser incorporada as práticas pedagógicas. A fotogrametria surge como um método que desenvolve modelos tridimensionais digitais por meio de um algoritmo computacional que recebe fotos de determinado objeto. O trabalho presente objetiva demonstrar a aplicabilidade da fotogrametria no ensino da anatomia humana. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada com buscas nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS, SciELO e Google Acadêmico, utilizando os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde “fotogrametria”, “anatomia”, “imagem tridimensional”. A fotogrametria revela aplicação no estudo de várias estruturas corporais, como órgãos, vasos, cavidades, sistema osteomuscular e nervoso. Os docentes e discentes que têm contato com a tecnologia relatam vantagens incomparáveis e a possibilidade de compreender a anatomia de forma minuciosa, precisa, acessível e interativa. Produções científicas ainda são precárias a respeito do tema, mas certamente a fotogrametria possui potencial para a criação de acervos institucionais de anatomia digital 3D, preservando espécimes de forma permanente para uso contínuo.
Reflexos do estresse infantil no processo de ensino e aprendizagem: possibilidades de intervenção pedagógica
Authors: Silva Sirlene Zancanela da , Boiago Daiane Letícia , Souza Vânia de Fátima Matias de , Anversa Ana Luiza Barbosa
Published: August 2021

O presente estudo, de cunho bibliográfico, tem como objetivo analisar como o estresse infantil se reflete no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem, em especial nos primeiros anos da educação básica. O estresse é uma reação física e psicológica que pode acometer os indivíduos, de forma negativa ou positiva, em qualquer idade, inclusive na infância. A realização desta pesquisa provém da inquietação em compreender a relação entre o estresse e o desempenho escolar dos alunos, buscando identificar as causas e sintomas provenientes do estresse infantil. Constatou-se que o estresse infantil pode interferir no processo de desenvolvimento do sujeito, influenciando o processo de socialização e aprendizagem, uma vez que reduz a concentração e autoestima, além de minimizar as ações de interação com o mundo. A intervenção docente é importante no processo de identificação de quadros do transtorno do estresse, uma vez que esse pode vir a oferecer bases e auxílio para que os alunos se desenvolvam e lidem com as situações estressoras às quais estão submetidos. Frente ao exposto, reforça-se a importância de se perceber, o quanto antes, os sintomas de estresse apresentados pelas crianças, para que haja a intervenção de modo a auxiliar a superação dessas dificuldades e evitar que consequências cognitivas, emocionais e até mesmo físicas severas, cabendo ao professor oportunizar um ambiente harmonioso, que permita aos alunos aprenderem de forma tranquila e significativa, reduzindo as fontes estressoras que são as consequências do estresse infantil.
Evaluation of pulp vitality using a pulse oximeter in patients undergoing radiotherapy for rhabdomyosarcoma or rhinopharynxcarcinoma
Authors: Lopes Rafael Paiva , Akisue Eduardo , Nakamura Vitor Cesar , Caldeira Celso Luiz , Lemos Érico de Mello , Carrillo Camila Merida , Rojz Juliana Castilho Chaves , Caran Eliana Maria Monteiro
Published: August 2021

The oral cavity is highly susceptible to pathological changes due to the deleterious effects of radiation (RI) on tissues exposed during radiotherapy (RT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using pulse oximeter (PO) as a diagnostic instrument for assessing the pulp oxygenation level (%SpO2) of immature teeth previously exposure to IR. Pulp oxygenation saturation was evaluated in fifteen children or adolescent patients (Group RT) that received previous IR, 6.01 years ago (SD 4.08 years), and fifteen patients without a history of neoplasms or previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy (CO group). As result, the mean %SpO2 measured in Group RT and Group CO was 86.06% (SD 1.61%) and 91.11% (SD 0.87%), respectively. Conclusions: The use of the pulse oximeter adapted for dentistry for pulpal vitality evaluation in patients who received radiotherapy is feasible showing lower level of SpO2 than that of the control group (p<0.05).
Comparative study of the chemical composition, larvicidal, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of volatile oils from E. punicifolia leaves from Minas Gerais and Goiás
Authors: Silva Liliane de Sousa , Martins Christiane França , Abrão Fernando Yano , Romano Camila Aline , Bezerra Soraia Ferreira , Borges Leonardo Luiz , Santos Adelair Helena dos , Cunha Luiz Carlos da , Oliveira Neto Jerônimo R. , Fiuza Tatiana de Sousa , Paula José Realino de
Published: August 2021

Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) D.C., Myrtaceae, known as “pedra-ume-caá”, is popularly used in the treatment of inflammation, infections, fever, flu, diabetes, and diarrhea. This study aimed to carry out a comparative study of the chemical composition of volatile oil from E. punicifolia leaves collected in Goiás and Minas Gerais, as well as to evaluate the larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti L3 larvae, the antimicrobial activity against bacteria, pathogenic fungi, and environmental, and cytotoxic activity to Balb 3T3 cells (murine fibroblasts). Volatile oils were obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (CG/MS). A total of 60 compounds were identified, the main components found in the leaves of Goiás being Germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene and β-longipenene and in the leaves collected in Minas Gerais they were (Z)-caryophyllene, γ-cadinene, spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, and α-cadinol. The larvicidal effect was moderate against Ae. aegypti, with LC50 of 85.53 µg / mL for samples from Goiás and LC50 of 91.52 µg / mL for samples from Minas Gerais. Both oils showed moderate bactericidal activity against K. rhiziphyla (ATCC 9341), M. luteus (ATCC 10240), and S. aureus (ATCC 29737). The oils from Goiás (IC50 706.7 µg / mL) and Minas Gerais (IC50 160.7 µg / mL) had a lower cytotoxic concentration than the toxic action for larvae and bacteria, evidencing a safety profile and an interesting therapeutic potential, mainly concerning to volatile oil from Goiás. Therefore, the volatile oils from E. punicifolia leaves collected in Goiás and Minas Gerais that presented moderate larvicidal activity for Ae. aegypti also presented a bactericide activity and less cytotoxicity against murine fibroblasts. This is the first study of the larvicidal, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of volatile oils from E. punicifolia leaves.
Uma revisão sistemática da literatura: análise sobre desigualdade estrutural em decorrência de casos de dengue e sua influência no cenário brasileiro
Authors: Alves Mônica dos Santos , Araújo Wellington Candeia de , Silva Francisco Anderson Mariano da
Published: August 2021

No tempo atual, a grande incidência de dengue tem relação com a desigualdade estrutural e da falta de saneamento básico encontrados em vários ambientes precários, na qual residem famílias em situações suscetíveis. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a ocorrência de casos por dengue no período de 2015 a 2020, assim como determinar uma associação de como os fatores socioeconômicos como moradias inadequadas, renda mínima, aglomerações de famílias, densidades domiciliar e a inexistência de saneamento básico, têm potencial de influir na propagação da doença. Este estudo teve como finalidade expor uma revisão sistemática de trabalhos acadêmicos, anteriormente publicados sobre o enfoque da dengue na vida das pessoas e o perigo que o mesmo oferece à população. Os resultados encontrados apresentaram incidência positiva na correlação com os fatores sociais citados, favorecendo assim a proliferação do Aedes aegypti.
Educação permanente com agentes comunitários de saúde: dificuldades para identificar, acolher e cuidar de usuários com transtornos de saúde mental
Authors: Sousa Marcelo Xavier da Silva , Oliveira Ana Letícia Portela Moura , Costa Alana Ilmara Pereira da , Moura Maria da Cruz Oliveira Ferreira , Almeida Lívia Maria Nunes de , Marinelli Natália Pereira
Published: August 2021

A saúde mental não está dissociada da saúde geral. Diante do crescimento do número de usuários com transtorno de saúde mental associado à dificuldade de identificação precoce desse público pela equipe de saúde, de adesão do paciente ao tratamento, de corresponsabilização da família e de abertura da sociedade para o acolhimento desses usuários, destaca-se a necessidade de intervenções nessa área, como qualificação do processo de cuidado através da implementação de educação permanente. Trata- se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo, de caráter qualitativo, tipo relato de experiência sobre a elaboração de um plano operativo. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo qualificar os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS’s) sobre a identificação, o acolhimento e o cuidado de usuários com transtornos de saúde mental no município de Duque Bacelar- MA. Esse projeto promoverá educação permanente com ACS’s, trabalhando as dificuldades para identificar, acolher e cuidar de usuários com transtornos de saúde mental. Portanto, favorecerá a ampliação dos atos de escuta, observação e percepção dos ACS diante das demandas que apresentam problemas mentais, além do desenvolvimento de habilidades e a conscientização da necessidade de atitudes.
Trabalho flexível e tempo livre: utopias da Pós-modernidade
Authors: Câmara Alessandro Fonseca , Ferreira Maria da Luz Alves
Published: August 2021

As transformações no mundo do trabalho no final da década de 1990 e as primeiras décadas do século XXI, alteraram substancialmente as relações espaço-temporais e a produtividade dos trabalhadores. Novos arranjos em virtude do caráter informacional e especializado dos serviços home office têm fomentado a crença social de que estamos na era do trabalho flexível e do tempo livre. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste ensaio é demonstrar que o tempo livre na perspectiva de Marx, possível apenas com a redução da jornada de trabalho, na pós-modernidade assume uma roupagem utópica em que, cada vez mais, o trabalhador vem transformando o período reservado ao descanso em outras formas de trabalho como a uberização e o teletrabalho. Este estudo configura-se como bibliográfico e o que se constatou é que o fetiche da flexibilidade e do tempo livre ao trabalhador é um dos grandes atrativos para adesão aos tipos de trabalho flexível, sendo mais uma estratégia do capitalismo para a exploração da mão de obra física e intelectual do trabalhador.
Hipotireoidismo e sua associação com transtornos depressivos: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Ricardo Neto Antônio , Figueiredo Bárbara Queiroz de , Oliveira Rúbia Carla
Published: August 2021

Introdução: A função tireoidiana está intimamente associada às funções neuropsicológicas, incluindo o estado mental e as funções cognitivas. O hipotireoidismo subclínico (HSC) é definido como uma condição com níveis elevados de hormônio estimulador da tireoide (TSH) e níveis normais de tiroxina livre (T4). Objetivo: evidenciar a relação entre hipotireoidismo e transtorno depressivo. Metodologia: trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva do tipo revisão integrativa. A pesquisa foi realizada através do acesso online nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine (PubMed MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Google Scholar, EBSCO Information Services, no mês de agosto de 2021. Resultados: Ainda que não seja claro o papel desempenhado pelos hormônios tireoidianos na fisiopatologia dos transtornos mentais, tem sido sugerido que pequenas mudanças nos níveis de hormônio da tireoide, mesmo dentro da faixa normal, podem estar relacionadas à alteração da função cerebral na depressão. Atualmente, existem 2 hipóteses explicativas: o déficit de serotonina e o déficit de noradrenalina no sistema nervoso central provocados pelos distúrbios hormonais. É importante ressaltar que a via tireoidiana-psíquica é bidirecional, portanto, tanto alterações tireoidianas podem provocar sintomas depressivos ou exacerbar uma patologia psiquiátrica prévia, quanto a depressão pode promover distúrbios tireoidianos, sendo este segundo caso menos frequente.  Conclusão: O papel da função tireoidiana nas doenças depressivas é pouco claro. Embora existam algumas evidências de que discretas alterações tireoidianas predisponham a casos de depressão, as anormalidades específicas envolvendo a tireoide e os quadros depressivos permanecem pouco conhecidas. No entanto, existe um vínculo de causalidade.
Regressividade financeira: investigação do impacto econômico durante a pandemia do coronavírus COVID-19 sobre a família brasileira
Authors: Melonio Lizandro da Conceição Costa , Cezere Márcia Lima Santos de , Oliveira Wemerson de Castro
Published: August 2021

Objetivou-se com essa pesquisa investigar o impacto econômico no início da pandemia do coronavírus COVID-19 sobre a família brasileira. O estudo caracteriza-se como quantitativo e qualitativo descritivo e/ou exploratório. Além disso, possui um delineamento de pesquisa de campo, utilizando como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário pré-estruturado com 19 perguntas objetivas, divididas nas duas categorias: (a) perfil ou dados pessoais; e (b) o impacto financeiro causado pela pandemia do COVID-19. Utilizou-se o método de escores para definir a tendência de endividamento dos indivíduos. A partir da unidade amostral (n=336 respondentes) ficou evidente o despreparo financeiro da grande maioria dos entrevistados para o enfrentamento da pandemia. No entanto, um considerado percentual possui reservas financeiras para um período emergencial. Já no início da pandemia, grande parte das famílias dos entrevistados tiveram sua renda mensal reduzida sendo necessária a realização de cortes para manter o controle financeiro. A partir disso, as despesas priorizadas no período de pandemia seriam alimentação e saúde. Com apenas dois meses de início do isolamento no Brasil, um percentual de 13,7 dos entrevistados haviam contraído dívidas pelas necessidades que surgiram decorrentes da pandemia: 73,5% e 26,5% destes estão abaixo e acima do escore médio de endividamento, respectivamente. Curiosamente, 24,1% dos respondentes possuem dúvidas e 4,8% não pretendem economizar recursos para eventuais contingências após esse momento pandêmico. De maneira conclusiva, as famílias brasileiras não estão preparadas financeiramente para o enfrentamento de situações emergenciais como de uma pandemia e que esse despreparo está associado à falta da educação financeira.
Direitos humanos: a crítica visão popular brasileira nas duas décadas após o governo militar
Authors: Romualdo Diego Paulo de Oliveira , Goulart Iris Barbosa , Zanin Henrique da Silveira
Published: August 2021

Analisa-se nesta pesquisa o significado e a importância dos direitos humanos no Brasil segundo a própria população do país quanto aos temas da liberdade de crença e da atuação das forças policiais. Assim, contextualizam-se a evolução dos direitos humanos no cenário político brasileiro da época. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que adota revisão bibliográfica e coleta de informações documentais, reunindo dados buscados no espaço reservado aos leitores de uma revista popular brasileira. O período escolhido foi o compreendido entre os anos de 1985 e 2004, ou seja, após o período do governo militar, que durou de 1964 a 1985. O corte temporal se justifica por se tratar de um período em que o tema Direitos Humanos teve grande repercussão no Brasil, por motivos políticos. Para estudo dos resultados coletados, a pesquisa se vale da análise de conteúdo e usa a categorização para proceder à revisão das opiniões emitidas pelos leitores. Infere-se que a liberdade de expressão dos leitores foi também utilizada como forma de amplificação de vozes e ideias sobre os assuntos aqui delimitados. Pôde-se ainda perceber que o a maioria católica deu lugar à pluralidade religiosa no período retratado e que as críticas sobre a violência policial se estenderam por todo o período analisado, culminando em reestruturações e implementações de novas políticas públicas.
Gestão de Organização Social e Acreditação no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS): as implicações na saúde do trabalhador
Authors: Souza Leiriane Alves de , Elias Marisa Aparecida , Gontijo Liliane Parreira Tannús
Published: August 2021

Os trabalhadores da saúde estão submetidos, usualmente, a condições precárias de trabalho, estresse e riscos ocupacionais. Em adição, houve a introdução de novas exigências da gestão pública, mediante Organização Social (OS), acompanhadas da implementação dos padrões de certificação de qualidade, sendo mais frequente, a acreditação. Esse estudo objetivou avaliar as implicações da gestão de OS e da acreditação, na saúde dos trabalhadores de uma unidade do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), sob a percepção dos mesmos e dos gestores. Utilizou-se da abordagem qualitativa, com suporte da analise temática de conteúdo. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma unidade de saúde mista, da rede SUS municipal, administrada por OS e certificada pela acreditação. Utilizou-se as técnicas de grupo focal e entrevista individual, por amostragem intencional. Os resultados demostraram concordâncias entre gestores e trabalhadores concernentes aos benefícios da acreditação, entretanto revelam contrapontos no tocante às implicações na saúde do trabalhador. Nessa perspectiva, os trabalhadores relatam um agravamento à sua saúde e bem-estar, sobrecarga de atribuições e elevadas exigências de metas/indicadores, e ainda excessivos registros documentais, aspectos estes não reconhecidas pelos gestores. Ademais, trabalhadores afirmam que a gestão de OS conduz a: insegurança, ao receio de desligamento laboral, à baixa perspectiva de valorização, insatisfação profissional e adoecimento. Por conseguinte, é premente minimizar os efeitos prejudiciais à saúde dos trabalhadores, mediante a promoção de espaços de negociação democráticos, essenciais para tomadas de decisão equânimes, coparticipativas e efetivas na aplicação de medidas práticas de promoção e proteção à saúde do trabalhador, concomitante ao processo de acreditação.
Characterizing the habitat function of bivalve aquaculture using underwater video
Authors: Ferriss B , Veggerby K , Bogeberg M , Conway-Cranos L , Hoberecht L , Kiffney P , Litle K , Toft J , Sanderson B
Published: August 2021

Bivalve aquaculture is an expanding coastal industry with the potential to modify the habitat of fish and crab species, affecting their refuge, movement, and feeding. The habitat function of shellfish aquaculture is not yet well understood, in part due to difficulties in data collection using traditional methods. Underwater video was used to observe fish and crab species’ affiliations with cultured Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum aquaculture sites in comparison to uncultured reference sediment and eelgrass habitats. Sites were monitored in 9 locations across 3 regions of Puget Sound, Washington, USA, in the summers of 2017 and 2018. Of the 3038 fish and crabs observed, 98% were represented by Embiotocidae (surfperch), crabs, three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, Cottidae (sculpins), and Pleuronectiformes (flatfish). Overall, the affiliations of fish and crabs with bivalve aquaculture varied by species groups, culture type, and regional environmental and habitat conditions. These interactions varied on a scale of approximately 150 km, highlighting variation of aquaculture-ecological interactions at a scale not previously recorded in Puget Sound. Species composition varied between aquaculture and non-aquaculture habitats in 2 of the 3 regions studied. Species diversity and richness in aquaculture habitats varied regionally, relative to reference habitats. Pelagic species were more abundant in aquaculture and reference sites that had vertical structure, but abundances of demersal and benthic species on aquaculture habitat relative to reference sites varied regionally. The availability of habitats within intertidal regions, including varying types of aquaculture, could determine community structure for marine organisms such as fish and crab.
To the question of systemic errors in the interpretation of law in connection with the problem of the object of legal science
Authors: Miroshnichenko M. I.
Published: August 2021

In the proposed article, the author tries to prove that the important reason for the existence of systemic errors in the interpretation of law is directly related to the problem of understanding the object of legal science. The research was conducted within the framework of a systematic approach by the method of logical analysis. The author’s understanding of the object of legal science is highlighted, its logical structure is revealed. The connections between the structural elements have been established and the dependence of the appearance of systemic errors in the interpretation of the law on one or another scientific interpretation of this connection has been clarified.

It is emphasized that among all known ways of interpreting law in the paradigm of different types of legal understanding, the marker of the presence or absence of systemic errors in the interpretation of law is a special legal method of interpretation based on special legal factors: a) features of legal understanding; b) the dominance in the legal science of a particular society and in a particular historical time of certain legal doctrines, views, theories on the essence of law, its functional role in society; c) features of legal practice; d) levels of development of legal reality.

A hypothetical judgment is made that the solution of the issue of avoiding systemic errors in the interpretation of law should be carried out within the framework of the problem of the main issue of jurisprudence. Accordingly, the notion of law enshrined at the level of official legal doctrine should be used, which would reflect the objective trends of legal development of mankind in accordance with the laws of natural law and universal legal values formed at the intersection of material and spiritual needs of society. The author’s definition of the following concept is proposed: law is an objectively determined, rationally substantiated through a slice of general interest system of principles, institutions, norms, rules of conduct verified by social practice (which in systematic interaction do not contradict the requirements of morality and actions of the laws of natural law), the functioning and implementation of which are associated with government institutions that have a recognized right (privilege) to exercise coercion.

A special vector of consideration is devoted to doctrinal legal errors, examples of negative consequences for the state, society due to systemic errors in the interpretation of law are given.

Keywords: error, legal error, system errors of interpretation of law, precautionary measures.
Formation of civil society in modern conditions
Authors: Akulenko D. U.
Published: August 2021

The article presents a theoretical generalization and the task of revealing the content of the process of formation of civilsociety in modern conditions, and determination of the essence and modern functions of civil society on their basis are presented in the article. The article contains an analysis of the concept of civil society taking into account the modern interpretation. Highlighted problems of formation and development of civil society through the prism of the need for the existence of such a society to ensure Ukraine as a democratic, social, legal state are highlighted. Ways of formation of a civil society according to the undertaken duty of the state before citizens concerning development of the country on the European rails are offered.

Keywords: civil society, public administration, state management, state, mechanisms.
Self-Assembly Engineering Nanodrugs Composed of Paclitaxel and Curcumin for the Combined Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Zuo Shuting , Wang Zhenyu , An Xianquan , Wang Jing , Zheng Xiao , Shao Dan , Zhang Yan
Published: August 2021

The clinical outcomes of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) chemotherapy are unsatisfactory. Water solubility and biosafety of chemo drugs are also major barriers for achieving satisfactory treatment effect. In this study, we have reported a combinational strategy by self-assembly engineering nanodrugs PC NDs, which were composed of paclitaxel (PTX) and curcumin (Cur), for effective and safe TNBC chemotherapy. PC NDs were prepared through reprecipitation method without using any additional carriers. The PC NDs were preferentially taken up by TNBC cells and we also observed pH-related drug release. Compared with free PTX and simple PTX/Cur mixture, PC NDs have shown higher therapeutic efficiency and better prognosis while the metastasis rate was significantly lower than that of either PTX or PTX/Cur mix group. Therefore, the self-assembly engineered PC NDs might be a promising nanodrugs for efficient and safe TNBC chemotherapy.
Effect of Gender to Fat Deposition in Yaks Based on Transcriptomic and Metabolomics Analysis
Authors: Xiong Lin , Pei Jie , Wu Xiaoyun , Kalwar Qudratullah , Yan Ping , Guo Xian
Published: August 2021

Fat deposition in yaks plays an important part in survival, multiplication, and meat quality. In this work, the characteristic of fat deposition in male yaks (MYs) and female yaks (FYs) and the regulations of gender to yak fat deposition were explored by mRNA-Seq and non-targeted metabolomics analyses. FYs possessed a higher body fat rate (BFR) of visceral fat, fat content in longissimus dorsi (LD) and liver, and subcutaneous fat thickness (p < 0.05). The fat and cholesterol synthesis in liver and the fat transport in FY blood increased. The fat metabolism in yaks is the combined effect of carbohydrate, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism by tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and an increase of triglyceride (TG) synthesis was accompanied by an increase of steroid synthesis. The high levels of myo-inositol and cortisol (COR) (p < 0.01) activated the calcium signaling in FY subcutaneous fat, followed by the increase of adipocyte secretion, and resulted in more leptin (LEP) secretion (p < 0.01). Then peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling was activated by the focal adhesions and ECM–receptor interaction. Finally, the TG and steroid synthesis increased by the expression regulation of ME1, SCD, ELOVL6, DGAT2, DBI, LPL, CPT1, PLIN1, LIPA, DHCR24, and SQLE gene. The above genes can be considered as the candidate genes for yak with higher fat amount in molecular breeding in the future. This study can provide a theoretical basis for improving the meat quality and breeding of yaks.
Substrate Stiffness Modulates the Growth, Phenotype, and Chemoresistance of Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Fan Yali , Sun Quanmei , Li Xia , Feng Jiantao , Ao Zhuo , Li Xiang , Wang Jiandong
Published: August 2021

Mechanical factors in the tumor microenvironment play an important role in response to a variety of cellular activities in cancer cells. Here, we utilized polyacrylamide hydrogels with varying physical parameters simulating tumor and metastatic target tissues to investigate the effect of substrate stiffness on the growth, phenotype, and chemotherapeutic response of ovarian cancer cells (OCCs). We found that increasing the substrate stiffness promoted the proliferation of SKOV-3 cells, an OCC cell line. This proliferation coincided with the nuclear translocation of the oncogene Yes-associated protein. Additionally, we found that substrate softening promoted elements of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including mesenchymal cell shape changes, increase in vimentin expression, and decrease in E-cadherin and β-catenin expression. Growing evidence demonstrates that apart from contributing to cancer initiation and progression, EMT can promote chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, we evaluated tumor response to standard chemotherapeutic drugs (cisplatin and paclitaxel) and found antiproliferation effects to be directly proportional to the stiffness of the substrate. Nanomechanical studies based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) have revealed that chemosensitivity and chemoresistance are related to cellular mechanical properties. The results of cellular elastic modulus measurements determined by AFM demonstrated that Young’s modulus of SKOV-3 cells grown on soft substrates was less than that of cells grown on stiff substrates. Gene expression analysis of SKOV-3 cells showed that mRNA expression can be greatly affected by substrate stiffness. Finally, immunocytochemistry analyses revealed an increase in multidrug resistance proteins, namely, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 and member 4 (ABCB1 and ABCB4), in the cells grown on the soft gel resulting in resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. In conclusion, our study may help in identification of effective targets for cancer therapy and improve our understanding of the mechanisms of cancer progression and chemoresistance.
Hugging the Shore: Tackling Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal as a Local Governance Problem
Authors: Lezaun Javier
Published: August 2021

This Perspective explores the local governance of ocean-based carbon dioxide removal (CDR). Proposals to enhance the ability of oceans and marine ecosystems to absorb atmospheric CO2 are often discussed as examples of “geoengineering,” but this framing obscures the site-specific nature of most of the suggested interventions. The Perspective outlines some of the key local dimensions of marine CDR as currently imagined, and suggests a framework for increasing local participation in its assessment. Robust processes of local participation are essential to address the place-based conflicts that are bound to emerge if any of the proposed methods of CO2 removal is ever deployed at scale.
Unloading in Refractory Cardiogenic Shock After Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Due to Acute Myocardial Infarction—A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
Authors: Sieweke Jan-Thorben , Akin Muharrem , Beheshty Julian-Arman , Flierl Ulrike , Bauersachs Johann , Schäfer Andreas
Published: August 2021

Aims: Unclear neurological outcome often precludes severely compromised patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) from mechanical circulatory support (MCS), while it may be considered as rescue therapy for patients with refractory cardiogenic shock (rCS) in the absence of OHCA. This analysis sought to investigate the role of left ventricular (LV) unloading in patients with rCS related to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after OHCA.

Methods: Of 273 consecutive patients receiving microaxial pumps in the Hannover Cardiac Unloading Registry between January 2013 and August 2018, 47 presented with AMI–rCS following successful resuscitation. Subsequently, the patients were compared by propensity score matching to patients with OHCA AMI–rCS without MCS. The patient data for OHCA without LV unloading was available from 280 patients of the Hannover Cooling Registry for the same time period. Furthermore, the patients with OHCA without rCS were compared to the patients with OHCA AMI–rCS and LV unloading.

Results: In total, 15 OHCA AMI–rCS patients without MCS were matched to patients with AMI–rCS and Impella. Patients without LV support had a higher proportion of a cardiac cause of death (n = 7 vs. n = 3; p = 0.024). LV unloading with Impella counteract rCS status and was associated with a preferable 30-day survival (66.7 vs. 20%, p = 0.01) and a favorable neurological outcome after 30 days (Cerebral Performance Category ≤2, 47 vs. 27%). Impella support is associated with a higher 30-day survival (odds ratio, 2.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–13.66).

Conclusion: In patients after OHCA with AMI–rCS, Impella support incorporated in a strict standardized treatment algorithm results in a preferable 30-day survival and counteracts severe rCS status.
Comparison of Open Repair vs. the One-Stage Hybrid Extra-Anatomic Technique for Distal Aortic Arch Disease Treatment: Mid-term Outcomes With a Risk-Adjusted Analysis
Authors: Qiao Zhiyu , Chen Suwei , Guo Rutao , Zhong Yongliang , Ge Yipeng , Li Chengnan , Liu Yongmin , Zhu Junming , Sun Lizhong
Published: August 2021

Objective: This study aims to compare the short- and mid-term outcomes of the stented elephant trunk (SET) procedure combined with supra-arch branch reconstruction and one-stage hybrid arch repair combined thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with extra-anatomic bypass in the management of distal arch disease.

Methods: From January 2009 to January 2019, 97 patients underwent one-stage hybrid arch repair combined with TEVAR with extra-anatomic bypass (HAR group), and 206 patients underwent the SET procedure with supra-arch branch reconstruction (SET group). We used inverse-probability-of treatment weighting (IPTW) to adjust baseline differences.

Results: Before IPTW adjustment, there was no significant difference in operative mortality between the two groups (5.2 vs. 1.0%, P = 0.064). The incidences of stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI), acute kidney injury (AKI), and endoleak also showed no significant differences (4.1 vs. 0.5%, P = 0.066; 2.1 vs. 1.5%, P = 1.000; 0 vs. 1.0%, P = 0.831; 6.2 vs. 1.9%, P = 0.113, respectively). After IPTW adjustment, the incidences of stroke, SCI, and AKI showed no significant differences between the two groups (1.8 vs. 1.1%, P = 0.138; 0.8 vs. 1.6%, P = 0.448; and 0 vs. 0.7%, P = 0.148, respectively). However, the HAR group tended to have higher operative mortality and incidence of endoleak than the SET group (12.4 vs. 1.3%, P = 0.01; 9.9 vs. 1.8%, P = 0.031, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, open repair decreased the risks of endoleak (odds ratio [OR], 0.171, 95% CI, 0.060–0.401; P < 0.001) and operative mortality (OR, 0.093, 95% CI, 0.027–0.238; P < 0.001). The overall survival and event-free survival of the HAR group were significantly lower than those of the SET group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: One-stage hybrid arch repair combined TEVAR with extra-anatomic bypass and the SET procedure with supra-arch branch reconstruction both provided good postoperative treatment outcomes for distal arch disease. However, hybrid arch repair increased the risks of endoleak and operative mortality. The SET procedure provided better mid-term survival than hybrid arch repair without increasing operative mortality. Carefully selecting the indications for the procedure, while receiving close long-term follow-up, may improve the survival rate of patients undergoing hybrid arch repair.
Benchmarking of Data-Driven Causality Discovery Approaches in the Interactions of Arctic Sea Ice and Atmosphere
Authors: Huang Yiyi , Kleindessner Matthäus , Munishkin Alexey , Varshney Debvrat , Guo Pei , Wang Jianwu
Published: August 2021

The Arctic sea ice has retreated rapidly in the past few decades, which is believed to be driven by various dynamic and thermodynamic processes in the atmosphere. The newly open water resulted from sea ice decline in turn exerts large influence on the atmosphere. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the causality between multiple atmospheric processes and sea ice variations using three distinct data-driven causality approaches that have been proposed recently: Temporal Causality Discovery Framework Non-combinatorial Optimization via Trace Exponential and Augmented lagrangian for Structure learning (NOTEARS) and Directed Acyclic Graph-Graph Neural Networks (DAG-GNN). We apply these three algorithms to 39 years of historical time-series data sets, which include 11 atmospheric variables from ERA-5 reanalysis product and passive microwave satellite retrieved sea ice extent. By comparing the causality graph results of these approaches with what we summarized from the literature, it shows that the static graphs produced by NOTEARS and DAG-GNN are relatively reasonable. The results from NOTEARS indicate that relative humidity and precipitation dominate sea ice changes among all variables, while the results from DAG-GNN suggest that the horizontal and meridional wind are more important for driving sea ice variations. However, both approaches produce some unrealistic cause-effect relationships. Additionally, these three methods cannot well detect the delayed impact of one variable on another in the Arctic. It also turns out that the results are rather sensitive to the choice of hyperparameters of the three methods. As a pioneer study, this work paves the way to disentangle the complex causal relationships in the Earth system, by taking the advantage of cutting-edge Artificial Intelligence technologies.
Identifying and Distinguishing Among Teachers’ Supplementary Curriculum Use Patterns Using the Lasso
Authors: Polikoff Morgan S. , Silver Daniel
Published: August 2021

Research has shown that officially-adopted textbooks comprise only a small part of teachers’ enacted curriculum. Teachers often supplement their core textbooks with unofficial materials, but empirical study of teacher curriculum supplementation is relatively new and underdeveloped. Grounding our work in the Teacher Curriculum Supplementation Framework, we use data from two state-representative teacher surveys to describe different supplement use patterns and explore their correlates. (We use RAND’s American Teacher Panel survey of K-12 ELA teachers, representative of Louisiana, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island, and Harvard’s National Evaluation of Curriculum Effectiveness survey of fourth and fifth grade math teachers, representative of California, Louisiana, Maryland, New Jersey, New Mexico, and Washington.) We find evidence of four distinct supplement use patterns. We then predict each pattern, producing sparse models using the lasso estimator. We find that teacher-, school-, and textbook-level characteristics are predictive of teachers’ supplement use, suggesting that it may be affected by structures and policies beyond the individual teacher. We recommend researchers use consistent measures to explore the causes and consequences of supplementation.
Exploring the Possibility of Using Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell for the Flexible Coproduction of Hydrogen and Power
Authors: Shikhar Utkarsh , Hemmes Kas , Woudstra Theo
Published: August 2021

Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that are conventionally used to convert the chemical energy of fuels into electricity while producing heat as a byproduct. High temperature fuel cells such as molten carbonate fuel cells and solid oxide fuel cells produce significant amounts of heat that can be used for internal reforming of fuels such as natural gas to produce gas mixtures which are rich in hydrogen, while also producing electricity. This opens up the possibility of using high temperature fuel cells in systems designed for flexible coproduction of hydrogen and power at very high system efficiency. In a previous study, the flowsheet software Cycle-Tempo has been used to determine the technical feasibility of a solid oxide fuel cell system for flexible coproduction of hydrogen and power by running the system at different fuel utilization factors (between 60 and 95%). Lower utilization factors correspond to higher hydrogen production while at a higher fuel utilization, standard fuel cell operation is achieved. This study uses the same basis to investigate how a system with molten carbonate fuel cells performs in identical conditions also using Cycle-Tempo. A comparison is made with the results from the solid oxide fuel cell study.
Thyroid Hormones in Sediment and Water: Method Validation and Detection in Taihu Lake of China
Authors: Zhang Shuzhan , Zhang Jiaxin , Chang Hong , Sun Fuhong
Published: August 2021

Study of the occurrence and fate of thyroid hormones in aquatic environments requires a highly sensitive method that is capable of detecting such compounds at sub-ng/L concentrations. By using isotope-dilution UPLC-MS/MS, we developed a sensitive method for quantifying thyroxine (T4), 3,3ʹ,5-triiodothyronine (T3), 3,3ʹ,5ʹ-triiodothyronine (rT3), iodotyrosine (MIT), and 3,5-diiodotyrosine (DIT) in lake water and sediment samples. MIT and DIT were first reported in aquatic environments in this study and were detected in all sediment and water samples with concentrations of 0.01–1.1 ng/g dw and 1.9–9.9 ng/L, respectively. T4 was only observed in sediment, with the measured concentrations and frequency of <LOQ-0.07 ng/L and 87%, respectively. T3 and rT3 were not found in this study. It was observed that the MIT/DIT ratios in sediment (2.4 ± 0.92) were significantly higher than those in water (0.84 ± 0.18), and the MIT/DIT ratios significantly correlated with DOC values in water samples, indicating that sorption to organic C could be of important mechanism. In addition, aquaculture, livestock and poultry farms probably were the important sources for the pollution of MIT, DIT, and T4 in Taihu Lake.
Transmission of a Novel Imprinting Center Deletion Associated With Prader–Willi Syndrome Through Three Generations of a Chinese Family: Case Presentation, Differential Diagnosis, and a Lesson Worth Thinking About
Authors: Zhang Kaihui , Liu Shu , Gu Wenjun , Lv Yuqiang , Yu Haihua , Gao Min , Wang Dong , Zhao Jianyuan , Li Xiaoying , Gai Zhongtao , Zhao Shimin , Liu Yi , Yuan Yiyuan
Published: August 2021

Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex genetic syndrome caused by the loss of function of genes in 15q11-q13 that are subject to regulation by genomic imprinting and expressed from the paternal allele only. The main clinical features of PWS patients are hypotonia during the neonatal and infantile stages, accompanied by delayed neuropsychomotor development, hyperphagia, obesity, hypogonadism, short stature, small hands and feet, mental disabilities, and behavioral problems. However, PWS has a clinical overlap with other disorders, especially those with other gene variations or chromosomal imbalances but sharing part of the similar clinical manifestations with PWS, which are sometimes referred to as Prader–Willi syndrome-like (PWS-like) disorders. Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that significant obesity as a consequence of hyperphagia in PWS usually develops between the ages of 1 and 6 years, which makes early diagnosis difficult. Thus, PWS is often not clinically recognized in infants and, on the other hand, may be wrongly suspected in obese and intellectually disabled patients. Therefore, an accurate investigation is necessary to differentiate classical PWS from PWS-like phenotypes, which is imperative for further treatment. For PWS, it is usually sporadic, and very rare family history and affected siblings have been described. Here, we report the clinical and molecular findings in a three-generation family with a novel 550-kb microdeletion affecting the chromosome 15 imprinting center (IC). Overall, the present study finds that the symptoms of our patient are somewhat different from those of typical PWS cases diagnosed and given treatment in our hospital. The familial occurrence and clinical features were challenging to our diagnostic strategy. The microdeletion included a region within the complex small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide protein N (SNRPN) gene locus encompassing the PWS IC and was identified by using a variety of techniques. Haplotype studies suggest that the IC microdeletion was vertically transmitted from an unaffected paternal grandmother to an unaffected father and then caused PWS in two sibling grandchildren when the IC microdeletion was inherited paternally. Based on the results of our study, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) was applied successfully to exclude imprinting deficiency in preimplantation embryos before transfer into the mother’s uterus. Our study may be especially instructive regarding accurate diagnosis, differential diagnosis, genetic counseling, and PGD for familial PWS patients.
Improved Estimation of Phenotypic Correlations Using Summary Association Statistics
Authors: Li Ting , Ning Zheng , Shen Xia
Published: August 2021

Estimating the phenotypic correlations between complex traits and diseases based on their genome-wide association summary statistics has been a useful technique in genetic epidemiology and statistical genetics inference. Two state-of-the-art strategies, Z-score correlation across null-effect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and LD score regression intercept, were widely applied to estimate phenotypic correlations. Here, we propose an improved Z-score correlation strategy based on SNPs with low minor allele frequencies (MAFs), and show how this simple strategy can correct the bias generated by the current methods. The low MAF estimator improves phenotypic correlation estimation, thus it is beneficial for methods and applications using phenotypic correlations inferred from summary association statistics.
A Pan-Cancer Analysis of Transcriptome and Survival Reveals Prognostic Differentially Expressed LncRNAs and Predicts Novel Drugs for Glioblastoma Multiforme Therapy
Authors: Zhao Rongchuan , Sa Xiaohan , Ouyang Nan , Zhang Hong , Yang Jiao , Pan Jinlin , Gu Jinhui , Zhou Yuanshuai
Published: August 2021

Numerous studies have identified various prognostic long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) in a specific cancer type, but a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis for prediction of LncRNAs that may serve as prognostic biomarkers is of great significance to be performed. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant adult primary brain tumor. There is an urgent need to identify novel therapies for GBM due to its poor prognosis and universal recurrence. Using available LncRNA expression data of 12 cancer types and survival data of 30 cancer types from online databases, we identified 48 differentially expressed LncRNAs in cancers as potential pan-cancer prognostic biomarkers. Two candidate LncRNAs were selected for validation in GBM. By the expression detection in GBM cell lines and survival analysis in GBM patients, we demonstrated the reliability of the list of pan-cancer prognostic LncRNAs obtained above. By constructing LncRNA-mRNA-drug network in GBM, we predicted novel drug-target interactions for GBM correlated LncRNA. This analysis has revealed common prognostic LncRNAs among cancers, which may provide insights into cancer pathogenesis and novel drug target in GBM.