G.T.A.R.A. (Grip/Grasp Training with Active Range of Motion Activities Using Guitar): A Randomized Controlled Trial Using Guitar Lessons for Restoring Hand Function among Patients with Unilateral Hand Impairment
Authors: Ligaya, MD Kreza Geovien G. , Ignacio, MD Sharon D. , Morabe Daniel Joseph S. , Manimtim, PhD Nathan Neil V. , Jorge II, MD Manuel Peter Paul C. 
Published: November 2024

Objective. To determine the effects of guitar lessons (intervention group) in comparison to conventional occupational therapy (OT) sessions (control group) on hand function of chronic stroke patients with unilateral hand impairment.
Methods. This randomized controlled trial enrolled 34 chronic stroke patients with unilateral hand impairment. Participants were grouped randomly into intervention (guitar lessons) and control (conventional occupational therapy) groups. Each group participant underwent a total of eight consecutive therapy sessions, twice weekly for an hour each session, at the designated treatment rooms in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of the Philippine General Hospital. Pre- and post-treatment evaluations were done to assess range of motion, grip and pinch strength, and hand functions. Satisfaction surveys were answered at the end of the 8-therapy session.
Results. Improvements in hand function were assessed through measurement of range of motion (ROM), grip and pinch strength, and with the use of Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration, Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function test, and Purdue Pegboard Test of Manual Dexterity. In this study, the comparison of actual change of passive range of motion (ROM) of the impaired hand from pre- to post-treatment between control and intervention groups showed no statistically significant difference. No statistically significant difference between groups were also observed for the active ROM of the impaired hand. Comparison of function of the impaired hand pre- and posttreatment between control and intervention groups showed no statistically significant difference except for an observed greater improvement with the control group in motor coordination (median [IQR] 0 [-1 to 0] vs 1 [1 to 5], p = 0.004), tip (median [IQR] 0.33 [0 to 0.75] vs 1 [0.58 to 1.5], p = 0.006), and 3-jaw (median [IQR] 0.5 [0 to 0.92] vs 1.08 [0.41 to 2], p = 0.043) pinch strength.
In evaluating the satisfaction of participants in both groups, higher mean scores were observed in the control group. No statistically significant difference in most of the questions in the satisfaction survey in both groups.
All participants in both groups displayed 100% compliance in attending onsite treatments. Despite not showing statistically significant difference between groups (p = 0.721), an 11.8% tendency for better compliance is found in the intervention group.
Conclusion. The specific guitar lesson created and performed in this study as used by 17 participants of the intervention group have brought about improvement in hand function that is comparable with those who underwent traditional occupational therapy. This may be most helpful in areas with limited access to rehabilitation facilities and occupational therapy services. This may also be used as a continuing activity of chronic stroke patients at home to help improve hand function.