bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remote assessment for muscular endurance from A mHealth APP predicts the risk of type 2 diabetes (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Sr Li
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

The incidence of type 2 diabetes is related to exercise capacity. Relatively high cardiorespiratory fitness and a moderate level of muscular strength were associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. However, the tests of CRF and muscle strength requires to be completed under the guidance of personnel and professional equipment. Muscle endurance as an important manifestation of muscle function was related to muscle metabolism.

OBJECTIVE

The study aimed to develop and validate the relationship between a remote simple and effective assessment of muscle endurance with type 2 diabetes morbidity.

METHODS

Patients with type 2 diabetes without severe complications or comorbidities and disease-free adults aged 18-60 years were recruited and were allocated to diabetes and disease-free group. All subjects were arranged to undergo an online muscle endurance assessment following the videos from the app. The baseline characteristics and test values were be recorded through the app.

RESULTS

426 participants were enrolled, most of whom (400/426, 93.90%) successfully completed the study. There were significant differences between the type 2 diabetes group and disease-free group in age, gender, height, weight body mass index (BMI), parental history of diabetes, smoke, alcohol, psychology, lower limbs muscle endurance, upper limbs muscle endurance and core muscle endurance (P<0.05). Characteristics including age, height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were higher in the type 2 diabetes group and lower muscle endurance than in the disease-free group. Multivariate regression analysis showed that gender (OR=7.406, 95%CI:3.26-16.827), age (OR=3.919, 95% CI: 1.982-7.746), BMI (OR= 2.739, 95% CI: 1.421-5.282), parental history of diabetes(OR=9.825, 95% CI: 4.783-20.183)，lower limb muscle endurance (lower level OR=4.282, 95%CI: 1.537-11.928), Upper abdominal (lower level OR= 4.632, 95%CI: 1.847-11.618) were correlated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first study that focuses on the assessment of muscle endurance remotely. More importantly, our research showed that the level of muscle endurance of the lower limbs and Upper abdominal are negatively correlated with the risk of the type 2 diabetes, which provided a simple and effective remote test to achieve self-assessment of type 2 diabetes risk.

CLINICALTRIAL

The study registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial registry (ChiCTR1800019894)
A randomized trial to test the effectiveness of two technology-enhanced diabetes prevention programs in primary care: The DiaBEAT-it Study. (Preprint)
Authors: Almeida Fabio Araujo , You Wen , Brito Fabiana Almeida , Alves Thais Favero , Goessl Cody L , Wall Sarah S , Seidel Richard W , Davy Brenda M , Greenawald Mark H , Hill Jennie L , Estabrooks Paul A
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Lifestyle interventions targeting physical activity and improved eating habits have demonstrated that modest weight loss can prevent or delay the onset of type-2 diabetes. However, translation of these interventions into typical clinical programs remains a challenge.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effectiveness of two technology-enhanced interventions for diabetes prevention among adults at risk for developing diabetes in a primary care setting.

METHODS

The DiaBEAT-it study employed a hybrid 2-group preference (Choice) and 3-group randomized controlled (RCT) design. This paper presents the weight related primary outcomes of the RCT arm. Patients from Southwest Virginia were identified through the Carilion Clinic electronic health records. Eligible participants (18 and older, BMI≥25, no Type 2 Diabetes) were randomized to either Choice (n=264) or RCT (n=334). RCT individuals were further randomized to one of three groups: (1) a 2-hour small group class to help patients develop a personal action plan to prevent diabetes (SC, n=117); (2) a 2-hour small group class plus automated telephone calls using an interactive voice response system (IVR) to help participants initiate weight loss through a healthful diet and regular physical activity (Class/IVR, n=110); or (3) a DVD with same content as the class plus the same IVR calls over a period of 12 months (DVD/IVR, n=107). Height was assessed with a calibrated stadiometer, weight with a calibrated Health-O-Meter stand-on scale.

RESULTS

Intention to treat analyses, controlling for gender, race, age and baseline BMI, showed that DVD/IVR and Class/IVR led to reductions in BMI at 6 (DVD/IVR -0.94, p<.001; Class/IVR -0.70, p<.01), 12 (DVD/IVR -0.88, p<.001; Class/IVR-0.82, p<.001) and 18 (DVD/IVR -0.78, p<.001; Class/IVR -0.58, p<.01) months. All three groups showed a significant number of participants losing at least 5% of their body weight at 12 months (DVD/IVR 26.87%; Class/IVR 21.62%; SC 16.85%). When comparing groups, DVD/IVR were significantly more likely to decrease BMI at 6 months (p<.05) and maintain the reduction at 18 months (p<.05) when compared to SC. There were no differences between the other groups.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings suggest that both IVR delivered interventions were effective in reducing and maintaining weight reduction in a group of primary care patients at risk for developing type 2 diabetes. The DiaBEAT-it interventions show promise in responding to the need for scalable, effective methods to manage obesity and prevent diabetes in primary care settings that do not over burden primary care clinics and providers.

CLINICALTRIAL

clinicaltrials.gov NCT02162901, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02162901

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2014.06.010
Kelompok Vigilante sebagai Exit Institution: Friksi antara Brigade Manguni dan Gereja Masehi Injili Minahasa (GMIM) Pasca Reformasi (2000-2010)
Authors: Andara Kalangie Daniel
Published: April 2021

Tulisan ini mencoba untuk melihat proses kehadiran kelompok vigilante bernama Brigade Manguni dalam masyarakat Minahasa pasca reformasi. Berbeda dari beberapa studi terdahulu yang melihat kehadiran kelompok vigilante dalam konteks relasi negara dan masyarakat, Brigade Manguni (BM) hadir sebagai faksi dari institusi keagamaan, yaitu gereja dalam masyarakat Minahasa-Kristen, atau Gereja Masehi Injili Minahasa (GMIM). Faksi tersebut hadir untuk mempertahankan identitas Minahasa-Kristen saat peristiwa Konflik Poso antara kelompok Kristen dan Islam yang menyebabkan banyak korban dari pihak Kristen. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Siegel dan Beals (1960) dalam memahami faksi sebagai disrupsi terhadap cara kerja struktur dominan dalam masyarakat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa BM sebagai faksi memainkan peran sebagai “Exit Institution”, yaitu institusi yang mampu menawarkan jalan keluar dari cara diskursif menuju cara-cara kekerasan dalam upaya mempertahankan identitas. Menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, kasus BM dapat menjadi konteks alternatif untuk memahami kelompok vigilante di Indonesia pasca reformasi.
Итоги экспедиций Университета Внутренней Монголии в Синьцзян: полевые записи песен «Джангара»
Authors:   Inner Mongolian University (234, West University Road, Hohhot 010021, People’s Republic of China), Davan Taya
Published: April 2021

Introduction. For the first time the Epic of Jangar became known in scientific circles after B. Bergmann published a German account of The Song of the Battle between the Heroes of Jangar and Shara Gyurgyu the Terrible in the early 19th century. Since then, the Jangar had become known in the world as the Kalmyk heroic epic. After the publication of newly discovered songs of the Jangar at the beginning of the 20th century in Mongolia, it became known as a Mongolian epic. In the late 1970s, after publishing numerous songs of the Jangar in China, the epic became known as epic legacy of the Oirats of Russia, China and Mongolia. One of the scientific centers of China which has been actively searching for the Jangar texts for 41 years is Inner Mongolia University. From 1977 to 2018, teachers of the Mongolian Faculty undertook ten scientific expeditions to the Oirat-inhabited areas of Xinjiang. Goals. The article seeks to introduce the history and results of field expeditions to Xinjiang made during 41 years in order to record new songs of the Jangar epic. For the first time in the history of modern Mongolian studies, the paper describes the results of large-scale field works that have been carried out for four decades. During the first expedition in 1977 to Hoboksar, a University teacher Chojinjav managed to meet the prominent Oirat storyteller Yerempil and record six songs of the Jangar epic. In 1978, the expedition already consisted of three researchers and explored Bortala Mongol and Ili Kazakh autonomous prefectures. In those days, over 40 storytellers were identified and 60 songs of the epic were recorded. Each subsequent expedition brought its own results. One of the longest search expeditions took place in 1996, which lasted almost thirteen months and covered the Bortala Mongol, Ili Kazakh and Bayingolin autonomous prefectures, including Tarbagatai district. During that time, the University teacher D. Taya identified more than 40 storytellers and recorded 90 songs of the Jangar. Conclusion. Thus, for four decades, the University of Inner Mongolia was conducting systematic and systematic search works which gave tangible results — names of new talented storytellers-jangarchis were discovered, a huge layer of new and numerous versions of already known chapters of the Jangar were recorded but most importantly — scientific confirmation of the existence of a living epic tradition among the Oirats of Xinjiang was obtained.
М. Н. Богданов и Ц. Ж. Жамцарано о развитии капиталистических отношений в бурятском обществе в начале XX в.
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., Ulan-Ude 670047, Russian Federation), Tsydene Shirap Ts.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The article considers works by leaders of the Buryat national movement M. N. Bogdanov and Ts. Zh. Zhamtsarano to provide insight into the issue of capitalist relations development in Buryat society during the early 20th century. Goals. The article seeks to determine specific features of the problem formulation thereto traced in studies conducted by the mentioned scholars. The research analyzes articles of M. N. Bogdanov and Ts. Zh. Zhamtsarano published at the beginning of the 20th century. The objectives set in the article are aimed at characterizing the social and political standpoints of M. N. Bogdanov and Ts. Zhamtsarano; revealing their attitudes to the problem of capitalist relations development among the Buryats; exploring general and special points in their reasoning. Conclusions. The study of socioeconomic development of the Buryats, including that of land relations, are associated with the resettlement campaign. Russian historiography notes that the ethnic intelligentsia considered the problem at the stage of the initial accumulation of capital with its inherent social stratification and manufacturing differentiation. It is also clear that the social and political affiliation of the authors had no significant negative impacts on the course of their judgments but did determine the specificities of their views. Despite this, they found common ground in their reasoning for each of the research areas.
The Mexican Meteor Network: A Preliminary Proposal
Authors: Cordero-Tercero Guadalupe , Velázquez-Villegas Fernando , Vázquez-Hernández Carlos Francisco , Ramírez-Cruz José Luis , Arévalo-Vieyra Alejandro , Mendoza-San-Agustín Asahel , Camacho-Martínez Fernando
Published: April 2021

The study of asteroidal and cometary material entering into Earth’s atmosphere has scientific and social importance. The observation and study of the impact of meteoroids with our planet is a way of studying geophysics and planetary geology without spaceships. This article describes the progress of the installation of the Mexican Meteor Network (Citlalin Tlamina). At medium and long term, the aim of this network is to cover the entire national territory with stations that allow us to record the entry of meteoroids into Earth’s atmosphere. This seeks to: a) study the meteoroid-atmosphere interaction, b) determine impactor’s physical properties; c) analyze flows and Radiant deviations of known meteor showers, d) find or ratify new meteor showers; e) recover and study meteorites, f) study the interaction of the shock wave with the ground by analyzing seismograms; g) report people in real time (or near) the occurrence of fireballs and fragmentation of meteoroids in the atmosphere, avoiding the fear of this phenomenon and provide support for Civil Protection, h) find areas of opportunity that can use the images captured by the cameras (weather, bird migration, etc.). In this paper, it is shown the prototype of the base to house the cameras whose purpose is to protect them from the environment, prevent condensation within the container and keep the cameras below 25 °C.
Numerical simulation of multiple scattering of P and SV waves caused by near-surface parallel cracks
Authors: Ávila-Carrera Rafael , Rodríguez-Castellanos Alejandro , Valle-Molina Celestino , Sánchez-Sesma Francisco José , Luzón Francisco , González-Flores Ernesto
Published: April 2021

Scattering and diffraction of P and SV waves caused by parallel oriented cracks located near to a free surface are investigated in this work. The Indirect Boundary Element Method (IBEM) was applied for studying the wave propagation phenomena in a half-plane model that contain the cracks. Various incidence angles of P and SV waves are considered. Sometime before it has been reported that a near free-surface crack generates scattered surface waves whose amplitude spectra show conspicuous resonance peaks. Such effect has been attributed to local resonances originated in a virtual layer between the shallowest crack and the free surface. For our case of two parallel crack system, where cracks are located at different depths, the amplitude spectra show additional peaks, which can be associated with the presence of the second crack. Given similar sizes between these two cracks, the characteristic resonance frequency observed at the free surface corresponds mainly to the equivalent layer formed by the shallowest crack and the free surface. However, when the deepest crack becomes sufficiently large with respect to the shallow crack, two resonance characteristic frequency peaks appear in the measured spectra at the free surface. Some examples including a three crack system are also illustrated in our work. The identification and characterization of the seismic response for the scattered field generated by the second and third crack has been an intricate task and, the time domain interpretation of traces becomes quite complicated. The results in this paper have been validated against some other reported from classic papers. In order to show the seismic response and multiple scattering effects due to the presence of systems of cracks, calculations in frequency and time domain are provided.
Groundwater vulnerability based on GIS approach: Case study of Zeuss-Koutine aquifer, South-Eastern Tunisia
Authors: Jarray Hanen , Zammouri Mounira , Ouessar Mohamed , Hamzaoui-Azaza Fadoua , Barbieri Manuela , Zerrim Ammar , Soler Albert , Yahyaoui Houcine
Published: April 2021

Groundwater vulnerability mapping is largely used as a modeling tool to delineate areas susceptible to pollution and to protect groundwater resources from this threat. The Zeuss-Koutine aquifer, which constitutes an important source of drinking water in the Southeastern Tunisia, is subjected to an intensive exploitation and threatened by pollution due mainly to the industrial zone of Koutine. The groundwater circulates in fissured and karstified limestone. Aquifer vulnerability has been assessed using the SINTACS method. The different parameters of the SINTACS model were collected from several sources and converted into thematic maps using ArcGis. Each SINTACS parameter was assigned a weight and rating based on a range of information within the parameter. The weight of each parameter depends on the impact of potential pollution. The analysis of vulnerability map to pollution shows that the Southeastern part of the aquifer and the Wadis beds are more susceptible to pollution. The measured nitrate concentrations of two sampling campaigns carried out in high and dry water seasons are coherent with the SINTACS model results.
Shear Wave Splitting and Mantle Flow in Mexico: What Have we Learned?
Authors: W. Valenzuela Raúl , León Soto Gerardo
Published: April 2021

A review is presented of the shear wave splitting studies of the upper mantle carried out in Mexico during the last decade. When a seismic wave enters an anisotropic medium it splits, which means that a fast and a slow wave are produced. Two parameters are used to quantify anisotropy. These are the fast polarization direction and the delay time between the fast and the slow wave. An example of the measurement technique is presented using an SKS phase because most observations are based on teleseismic data. Results of two studies using local S waves from intraslab earthquakes are also discussed. Key aspects of the interpretation of splitting measurements are explained. These include the depth localization of anisotropy, the relation-ship between olivine fabrics and mantle flow, the role of absolute plate motion, and the role of relative plate motions with a special focus on subduction zones. An important motivation for studying seismic anisotropy is that it makes it possible to constrain the characteristics of upper mantle flow and its relationship to tectonic processes. Mexico has many diverse tectonic environments, some of which are currently active, or were formerly active, and have left their imprint on seismic anisotropy. This has resulted in a wide variety of mechanisms for driving mantle flow. Broadly speaking, the discussion is organized into the following regions: Baja California peninsula, Western Mexican Basin and Range, northern and northeastern Mexico, the Middle America Trench, the Yucatán peninsula, and lowermost mantle anisotropy. Depending on the unique characteristics encountered within each region, the relationship between anisotropy and mantle flow is explored.
Geophysical-Structural Framework in a Mineralized Region of Northwesternmost Camaquã Basin, Southern Brazil
Authors: Pereira Henrique Garcia
Published: April 2021

Airborne and ground magnetic and gravimetric maps provide important information about the spatial distribution of causative sources in the geological substrate. These sources normally have different physical and geometric properties and are located at different depths, making it difficult to identify the geological features that correspond to the sources. Filtering and enhancement techniques can be used to highlight features in potential field anomalies (such as center and edges of sources). Also, these techniques remove associated noise, isolate shallow from deep sources, and estimate depths. We applied enhancement and depth estimation techniques in airborne and ground potential field data to delineate a subsurface structural framework of two copper occurrences (Victor Teixeira and Capão Grande) in the northwestern border of Camaquã Basin with the Sul-Riograndense Shield. Our results confirmed previously recognized structures and revealed an interconnected structural framework, which has an estimated depth of 170 m by Euler solutions. This configuration suggests a possible connection between the two mineralization outcrops, which are separated by a distance of 2,300 m.
Assessment of safety leadership among senior managers in China's coal mining industry
Authors: Li Guang Li , Dong Zi Wen , Pi Zi Kun , Luo Chen
Published: April 2021

The factors giving rise to the safety leadership of senior managers in the coal mining industry are underexplored. We conducted 24 semistructured interviews with experienced senior managers in this industry. We used hermeneutic content analysis for the interview content, identified
five safety leadership dimensions of senior mangers, and designed the Safety Leadership Scale in Coal Mines in China. Data from 845 participants in nine coal mines were analyzed with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We followed a two-step approach, involving data pruning and a second-order
CFA, and validated a 21-item measure that shows good validity and reliability. The secondorder CFA results show that the measure yielded an acceptable fit. Our results can be used to estimate the safety leadership level among senior managers in China's coal mining industry.
Reproducibilidad de los resultados de un instrumento para valorar incontinencia urinaria en ancianos, Chile
Authors: Cortés Geldes Camila Andrea , Muñoz Reyes Paloma Alejandra , Vallejos Rojas Bernardo Alberto , Moena González Boris Paolo , López González Amparo Christine
Published: April 2021

Introducción. El objetivo fue determinar la reproducibilidad de los resultados de un instrumento de valoración de incontinencia urinaria en la población anciana o adulta mayor de ambos sexos, en la región de Valparaíso, Chile, durante el año 2019, por medio del cuestionario: Internacional Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF), orientado a valorar la incontinencia urinaria de manera transversal a la edad y sexo del usuario. El cuestionario fue validado originalmente en el idioma inglés, con un coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach de 0,95, con una fiabilidad calificada como muy satisfactoria. Posteriormente, en el año 2004, se realizó la validación de la versión española, permitiendo valores satisfactorios con un coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach de 0,89. En Chile, en el año 2012, el instrumento fue validado por la Universidad de los Andes en personas beneficiarias del Fondo Nacional de Salud (FONASA), pero con la limitante de sexo y edad, debido a su aplicaciónexclusiva en mujeres, el cual obtuvo un Alfa de Cronbach de 0,87, con una adecuada confiabilidad. Material y Método. Estudio cuantitativo, muestra por conveniencia, contó con la participación de un total de 93 adultos mayores, aprobado por el Comité de ética Universidad santo Tomás. Resultados. La edad promedio fue de 71,17 años (DE=8,397), ambos sexos con predominio femenino, se logró una fiabilidad de 0,684 con corrección de ítems invertidos. Conclusión. El instrumento presenta baja confiabilidad, por lo cual se recomienda su modificación para obtener un valor aceptable desde el punto de vista estadístico en futuras investigaciones.
Analysis of the Dynamic and Energy Characteristics of Water Circulation near the Western Crimea Coast and in the Sevastopol Region Based on the Observational Data Assimilation in the Numerical Model of the Black Sea Dynamics
Authors: Demyshev S. G. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia, Evstigneeva N. A. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia, Alekseev D. V. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia, Dymova O. A. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia, Miklashevskaya N. A. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia
Published: April 2021

Purpose. The study is aimed at evaluating effectiveness of the procedure of the observational data assimilation using the Kalman filter algorithm as compared to sequential analysis of the hydrophysical fields based on the optimal interpolation method, and at analyzing the mesoscale features of coastal circulation near the western Crimea coast and in the Sevastopol region. Methods and Results. Based on the hydrodynamic model adapted to the Black Sea coastal zone conditions including the open boundary and on the temperature and salinity data from the hydrological survey in 2007, the dynamic and energy characteristics of the Black Sea coastal circulation were calculated with high spatial resolution (horizontal grid is ~1.6×1.6 km and 30 vertical horizons). The hydrophysical fields were reconstructed using two algorithms of data assimilation: the sequential optimal interpolation and the modified Kalman filter. The kinetic energy changed mainly due to the wind action, vertical friction and the work of pressure forces; the potential energy – due to the potential energy advection and the horizontal turbulent diffusion. The following circulation features were reconstructed: the anticyclonic eddy with the radius about 15 km in the Kalamitsky Bay in the water upper layer, the anticyclonic eddy with the radius about 15 km between 32.2 and 32.6° E in the whole water layer, the intense current near Sevastopol and along the Crimea western coast directed to the north and northwest, and the submesoscale eddies of different signs of rotation in the upper layer. Conclusions. It is shown that having been taken into account, heterogeneity and non-isotropy of the error estimates of the temperature and salinity fields relative to the correlation function lead to qualitative and quantitative differences in the hydrodynamic fields (amplification of currents, change of the currents’ direction and eddy formations were better pronounced). At the same time, the mean square errors of the thermohaline fields’ estimates decreased. Formation of the anticyclonic eddy with the radius about 15 km in the Kalamitsky Bay could be related to the current shear instability. Submesoscale eddies with the diameters less than 5 km were formed when the current flowed around the coastline and the bottom topography inhomogeneities
Soliton-Like Waves in the Vicinity of the Southern Kuril Islands
Authors: Squire V. A. ,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, Kovalev Peter D. ,   nstitute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russian Federation, Kovalev D. P. ,   nstitute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

urpose. This paper focuses on modulated solitons detected in time series of observational data on sea level oscillations in the Sea of Okhotsk, verifying the presence of nonstationary processes within a quantitative framework of methods. Methods and Results. The paper reports an analysis of wave observation data collected using ARW-type, bottom-mounted pressure sensors in the area of the Capes Castricum, Van-der-Lind and Lovtsova in the southern Kuril Islands. The time series obtained were bandpass filtered using hardware with a passband of 20 minutes to 2.5 hours. Residual time series show the presence of wave packets generated at the beginning of the K1 (diurnal) tide, which consistently appear as a group consisting of 5–7 packets. It is shown that the synchronicity between each wave packet and the K1 wave initiation is associated with the cyclic separation of the tidal flow of the K1 oscillation at the elevation in the Urup Strait located between the islands, along with a concomitant spawning of vortices. It is speculated that the vortices generate the detected wave packets, which are each found to encase a cluster of waves with an average period of about 1.6 hours that are attributed to either edge waves or shelf seiches or a combination of both. A numerical model simulation of the detected wave packets was performed using the Korteweg – de Vries equation, confirming that the envelope of the observed wave packets is close to the modeled one and behaves like a soliton. Conclusions. It is shown that synchronous initiation of a wave packet and a K1 wave is associated with the cyclic separation of the tidal flow of the K1 oscillations at a subsurface elevation in the Urup Strait located between the islands, with a concomitant spawning of vortices. The vortices are assumed to generate the detected wave packets. Each packet contains a cluster of waves with an average period of about 1.6 hours, which is conditioned by the period of the edge wave or shelf seiche. Spectral analysis performed for the 4.5-day-long time series with and without the groups of solitons, showed that the wave energy increases in the 0.5–5.5 hour period range when solitons occur. Application of a simple amplitude-based criterion permitted the authors to identify the waves detected in the wave packets as anomalous. Transformation of the time series into normalized time and normalized amplitude coordinates show that all the examples of anomalous wave packets could be modeled using the Korteweg – de Vries time equation
Seasonal and Vertical Variability of Currents Energy in the Sub-Mesoscale Range on the Black Sea Shelf and in its Central Part
Authors: Puzina O. S. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia, Kubryakov A. A. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia, Mizyuk A. I. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia
Published: April 2021

Purpose. The study is aimed at investigating seasonal variability and vertical distribution of the submesoscale currents energy (scales L = 1 ... 10 km, T = 1 ... 10 days) in the deep and shelf zones of the Black Sea. Methods and Results. The study is based on the spectral analysis of the results obtained from the NEMO model numerical calculations performed with high spatial resolution 1 km. The analysis shows that in the areas under investigation, seasonal variability of the sub-mesoscale currents energy is significantly different. At that, in both regions, seasonal variation of energy of the sub-mesoscale currents whose scale is less than 10 km (Esp) is in good agreement with that of the density fluctuations on the same scales. In the central part of the sea, the high values of (Esp) are concentrated in the upper mixed layer throughout the whole year. The (Esp) peak is observed in winter at the depths 0–40 m, which indicates the important role of baroclinic instability (induced by the inhomogeneous distribution of the upper mixed layer during this period) in generation of sub-mesoscale processes in the Black Sea. At the same time, in February in the central part of the northwestern shelf, an absolute minimum of (Esp) is observed due to complete mixing and barotropization of the water column. The (Esp) maximum values are noted in September – October, that is related to intensification of the desalinated water cross-shelf transport from the river mouths being affected by the synoptic eddies. At the same time, in the autumn period in this region, the (Esp) high values are observed in the layer, the thickness of which is higher than that in summer (as well as in the central part of the sea). Dynamics of the (Esp) values distribution corresponds to the time variation of the upper mixed layer thickness. Variability of the sub-mesoscale currents energy is of a pulsating character with the short-term intensifications and weakenings. Such variability is significantly related to passing of the synoptic fronts and the cross-shelf water transport being influenced by the eddies and upwellings, which lead to baroclinic instability of waters. Conclusions. Seasonal and vertical variability of the spectral energy in the Black Sea deep and shelf zones testifies in favor of the decisive role of the water baroclinic instability arising due to heterogeneity of the upper mixed layer.
Dependence of the Photosynthesis Quantum Yield on Phytoplankton Light Absorption: Equations for Assessing Primary Production in the Black Sea
Authors: Churilova T. Ya. ,   A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences,  Sevastopol, Russia, Suslin V. V. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia, Sosik H. M. ,   Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, USA
Published: April 2021

Purpose. Based on the results of the investigations that were performed during the scientific cruise and included the water hydrophysical characteristics, the chlorophyll a concentration, the photosynthesis-light dependences, the spectral light absorption coefficients by phytoplankton, and the spectral quantum downwelling irradiance, the dependence of the photosynthesis quantum yield upon the environmental factors was studied with the purpose of adaptation of the developed for the Baltic Sea approach for assessing the photosynthesis quantum yield, to the Black Sea. Methods and Results. Complex hydrophysical and biological studies were carried out at several depths within the photosynthesis zone. Spectral bio-optical parameters were measured in accordance with the modern NASA protocol (2018). The experiments on studying the photosynthesis-light relationship were performed under the temperature and light conditions close to the in situ ones. The quantum yield of photosynthesis was calculated based on the parameters of photosynthesis-light dependences (photosynthesis efficiency, light saturation parameter) and the spectral light absorption coefficients by phytoplankton pigments. It was found out that the main photosynthetic characteristics of phytoplankton including the photosynthesis maximum quantum yield and the portion of photoprotective accessory pigments in the total light absorption by phytoplankton varied with depth within the euphotic zone due to phytoplankton adaptation to the environment factors during the period of water seasonal stratification. The relationship between the photosynthesis quantum yield and the number of solar energy quanta absorbed by the photosynthetically active phytoplankton pigments was revealed. The results of the performed research allowed for modifying the equation for calculating the quantum yield for the Black Sea environment conditions according to the approach developed for the other water areas. Conclusions. For the first time, comprehensive studies carried out in the Black Sea and including the measurements of the photosynthesis-light dependences, the spectral light absorption coefficients by phytoplankton and spectral downwelling irradiance at particular optical depths within the euphotic zone enabled to reveal the equation for calculating the photosynthesis quantum yield, which could be applied for calculating primary production of the Black Sea using the spectral approach based both on the results of in situ measurements and the remote sensing data.
Mathematical Modeling the Dynamics of the Bottom Sediments Granulometric Composition in the Balaklava Bay Affected by the Wind Waves
Authors: Gurov K. I. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia, Fomin V. V. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia
Published: April 2021

Purpose. Based on the mathematical modeling methods, influence of the wind waves on redistribution of the sand fractions in the semi-closed estuary-type water area is estimated using the Balaklava Bay as an example. Methods and Results. A two-dimensional version of the XBeach model with a constant grid spacing 10 m was used. The characteristics of wind waves were preset using the JONSWAP spectrum implying fixed height, wave period and various combinations of the wave direction. The calculations were carried out for a storm event lasting about 12 hours once a year. The in-situ data on the particle size distribution in the bottom sediments resulted from the monitoring observations performed by the Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, in the Balaklava Bay region was used in the numerical experiments. Conclusions. The results of modeling showed that the basic determining factors regulating the sediments movement were the depth and the bottom slope. It is noted that changing of the bottom inclination angle between the isobaths 6–7 and 7–8 m leads to deposition of the large and medium fractions, and in the area between the isobaths 9–10 and 10–12 m – to accumulation of fine sand. It was revealed that in the Balaklava Bay water area, the main redistribution of sand material caused by the storm waves took place within the southern basin, as well as at the bay exit in the coastal zone of the Megalo-Yalo Bay. This is primarily determined by the features of the Balaklava Bay coast orography, namely, the knee-shaped narrowness separating the northern and southern basins. Nevertheless, in the isolated northern part of the Balaklava Bay being affected by the storm waves, insignificant dynamics of sand material was observed. The fractions of bottom sediments are redistributed from the western coast to the central part of the basin and to the eastern coast of the bay.
Seawater Salinity Estimating Module Based on the Sound Velocity Measurements
Authors: Tolstosheev А. P. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia, Lunev E. G. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia, Motyzhev S. V. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia, Dykman V. Z. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia
Published: April 2021

Purpose. Reliability of knowledge about the ocean dynamics and climate variability is largely limited for lack of systematic in situ observations of the sea surface layer salinity, which is one of the basic hydrological parameters determining circulation and stratification of the water masses. The study is aimed at developing an autonomous device for long-term monitoring of salinity in the seawater upper layer. Methods and Results. One of the most effective tools for in situ observations of the ocean upper layer is the global network of surface drifting buoys – drifters. At present, the network consists of more than 1500 buoys, but only a few of them provide sea surface salinity observations within the framework of a limited number of pilot experiments. In the drifters, salinity is calculated by the traditional method using the results of the electrical conductivity and temperature measurements. There are a few problems related both to the principle of determining salinity by this method and to providing long-term stable running of conductivity sensors under the conditions of pollution and biological fouling. A drifter equipped with the module for the sound velocity and temperature measurements used for calculating salinity by an alternative method just aboard the drifter, was developed in Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences. The sound velocity and temperature module includes a specially designed time-of-flight sound velocity sensor with the fixed base and a quartz temperature sensor. In course of two years, numerous laboratory and in situ tests of several prototypes of the sound velocity and temperature module were performed. The laboratory tests showed that the repeatability limits for the results of the sound velocity measurements in the distilled water were 0.02 m/s. According to the data of the long-term in situ tests performed at intensive biological fouling, the error of salinity estimation resulted from of the sound velocity and temperature measurements were within 0.05 ‰. This result permits to expect that the sound velocity and temperature module parameters will remain stable in real conditions of long-term autonomous operation. Conclusions. The obtained results make it possible to recommend application of the drifters equipped with the modules for the sound velocity and temperature measurements as an effective tool for regular operational monitoring of the salinity field of the upper sea layer.
Seasonal and Vertical Variability of Currents Energy in the Sub-Mesoscale Range on the Black Sea Shelf and in Its Central Part
Authors: Puzina O. S. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia, Kubryakov A. A. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia, Mizyuk A. I. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia
Published: April 2021

Purpose. The study is aimed at investigating seasonal variability and vertical distribution of the sub-mesoscale currents energy (scales L = 1 … 10 km, T = 1 … 10 days) in the deep and shelf zones of the Black Sea. Methods and Results. The study is based on the spectral analysis of the results obtained from the NEMO model numerical calculations performed with high spatial resolution 1 km. The analysis shows that the seasonal variability of the submesoscale energy is significantly different in deep and shelf zones of the basin. At the same time, in both regions, seasonal variation of energy of the sub-mesoscale currents with scales L < 10 rm (Esp) is in good agreement with that of the density fluctuations on the same scales. In the central part of the sea, the high values of Esp are concentrated in the upper mixed layer throughout the whole year. The Esp peak is observed in winter at the depths 0–40 m, which indicates the important role of baroclinic instability induced by the inhomogeneous distribution of the mixed layer depth (MLD) in the generation of sub-mesoscale processes. At the same time, in February in the central part of the northwestern shelf, an absolute minimum of (Esp) is observed. This minimum is caused by the complete mixing and barotropization of the water column. The Esp maximum values are observed in the shelf in September – October. This is related to the intensification of the brackish water transport from the river mouths by mesoscale eddies. In the autumn period high values of Esp in the shelf and deep part of the basin are observed in the deeper layer, compare to summer months .Variability of the Esp vertical distribution coincides to the time variation of MLD. Variability of the submesoscale energy is of a pulsating character with the short-term intensifications and weakenings. Such variability is significantly related to the passing of the mesoscale fronts and the cross-shelf water transport caused by the eddies and upwellings, which lead to the increase of the baroclinic instability. Conclusions. Analysis of the seasonal and vertical variability of the submesoscale currents in the Black Sea deep and shelf zones evidences about the decisive role of the baroclinic instability triggered mainly by the heterogeneity of MLD on their dynamics.
Estratégias interpretativas para o patrimônio geológico do município de Cananeia, litoral sul do estado de São Paulo
Authors: ROMÃO Raquel Mamblona Marques , GARCIA Maria Da Glória Motta
Published: April 2021

A Geoconservação é um ramo recente das Geociências que utiliza métodos para analisar quais sítios geológicos são representativos no contexto geológico de determinada região, avaliar suas características, valores e usos, bem como promover cuidados necessário para sua conservação e possibilidades de gestão. Após a seleção desses locais uma alternativa para a gestão dos sítios geológicos é por meio da interpretação ambiental, ferramenta que contribui para a conservação da natureza ao estabelecer relações com o que é observado. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os onze geossítios selecionados no inventário do município de Cananeia e sugerir seu manejo por meio da interpretação ambiental. Para a identificação dos geossítios foi utilizada metodologia que orienta a seleção desses locais e para a avaliação quantitativa, foram analisados perante os parâmetros desenvolvidos pela plataforma GEOSSIT. Posteriormente, houve uma nova seleção, na qual cinco geossítios foram explorados no viés educativo. Estes foram escolhidos com base nos resultados da quantificação, questões envolvendo a acessibilidade e seu reconhecimento como atrativo municipal. Em seguida, realizou-se a criação de conteúdos interpretativos com base em temas visando a organização de possíveis assuntos a serem abordados nesses locais. Em escala regional, os geossítios são interessantes ferramentas para contextualizar a história geológica do município e aqueles direcionados para a criação de temas, demonstram o potencial para associar novos elementos à valorização da região e divulgação do conhecimento geocientífico.
Volcanic reservoirs: historic and current context
Authors: DESCOVI Patricia Lopes , ADE Marcus Vinícius Berao , AVELLAR Gabriela De Oliveira , BERMÚDEZ Silvia Lorena Bejarano , VIEIRA Fábio Pinto
Published: April 2021

Within the oil and gas industry, igneous rocks are still seen as exploration and production challenges, due to their diverse petrogenesis and the wide range of values of some important petrophysical properties. This petrophysical variability depends on both primary and secondary processes. These facts made these rocks unattractive for decades. This condition is still observed in many fields around the world. This article has as main objective to make a historical review of studies developed globally with a focus on igneous rocks that act as a reservoir in petroleum systems. The review covered in this article was developed from a compilation of global data, thus allowing an overview of the countries that produce hydrocarbons in volcanic rocks, what types of rocks, geological age, and size of the reserve. Countries such as China and Indonesia stand out with higher daily production, exceeding orders of quantities of 108 cubic meters of gas and 104 tons of barrels of oil. In these countries, geological patterns are already being noticed in volcanic reservoirs, such as more recent geological ages and typical lithologies. Also, this work seeks to emphasize the importance of studying this type of reservoir, as its knowledge can lead to the solution of real problems within the world oil and gas industry.
Lengua negra pilosa asociada a carcinoma escamocelular de esófago
Authors: Blanco Avellaneda Camilo , Blanco Inzunza Andrés Fernando
Published: April 2021

La lengua negra pilosa (LNP) es una alteración benigna caracterizada por coloración oscura e hipertrofia con hiperqueratosis en las papilas filiformes de la superficie de la lengua. Han sido implicados varios factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos como causales, entre ellos la pobre higiene dental, el tabaquismo, la ingesta de bebidas oscuras, el uso de antibióticos y algunas patologías malignas. Reportamos el caso de un paciente con carcinoma escamocelular avanzado de esófago medio conjunto con LNP, asociación no encontrada previamente en la literatura.
Physics-Guided Curve Fitting for Potential-Energy Functions of Diatomic Molecules
Authors: Irikura Karl
Published: April 2021

When computing the potential-energy curve of a diatomic molecule for
predictive spectroscopy, high-level calculations are usually desired.
The best calculations are expensive, so few points are usually
available. The points are fitted to a continuous function, such as a
polynomial. Ro-vibrational energy levels are then computed using the
fitted function, and spectroscopic constants extracted. However, there
may be problems with overfitting, with inadequate flexibility of the
fitting function, or with dependence of results upon the choice of
fitting function. More fundamentally, the fitting function is selected
using aesthetics or convenience, instead of physics. Here we suggest
using a lower-level, high-resolution ab initio potential as a guide.
Instead of fitting the sparse, high-level data directly, the energy
differences between the high-level points and the guiding potential are
fitted. The results are improved even with an inexpensive guiding
potential. This simple strategy involves little additional effort and
can be recommended for routine use. It is similar to some interpolation
strategies in the literature of polyatomic molecules. When the guiding
potential extends beyond the high-level data, extrapolations are also
improved.
Lung metastasis after pneumonectomy. Is there a place for surgery?
Authors: Usenko Oleksandr , Sydiuk Andrii , Klimas Andrii , Sydiuk Olena , Savenko Georgii , Teslia Oleh
Published: April 2021

The choice of patient for a single lung resection is challenging for the
surgeon. This report is presenting our experience in surgical treatment
for patient with metastatic synovial sarcoma who initially underwent
total left pneumonectomy and to identify possible predictors for the
selection of patients who may undergo surgical treatment.