bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti‐kelchlike protein 11 antibody‐associated encephalitis: Two case reports and review of the literature
Authors: León Betancourt Alejandro , Schwarzwald Anina , Millonig Alban , Oberholzer Michael , Sabater Lidia , Hammer Helly , Kamber Nicole , Diem Lara , Chan Andrew , Hoepner Robert , Salmen Anke , Friedli Christoph
Published: February 2023

Background and purpose

Kelchlike protein 11 antibodies (KLHL11‐IgGs) were first described in 2019 as a marker of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNSs). They have mostly been associated with testicular germ cell tumors (tGCTs).

Methods

Two patients with KLHL11‐IgG encephalitis are reported, and the literature is comprehensively reviewed.

Results

Patient 1 had been in remission from a tGCT 10 years prior. He developed episodic vertigo and diplopia progressing over a few days. Treatment with corticosteroids (CSs) was started a few days after symptom onset. Patient 2 had transient diplopia, which resolved spontaneously. Visual problems persisted for 7 months, when he additionally developed a progressive cerebellar syndrome. One year after onset, CS treatment was started. Initial magnetic resonance imaging was unremarkable in both patients, but analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed chronic inflammation. KLHL11‐IgG was positive in both patients (Patient 1 only in CSF, Patient 2 in serum). Neoplastic screening has so far not revealed any signs of active underlying malignancy. We found 15 publications of 112 patients in total with KLHL11‐IgG encephalitis. Most patients (n = 82) had a cerebellar syndrome with or without signs of rhombencephalitis. The most common symptoms were ataxia (n = 82) and vertigo (n = 47), followed by oculomotor disturbances (n = 35) and hearing disorders (n = 31). Eighty of 84 patients had a GCT as an underlying tumor.

Conclusions

Our cases demonstrate classical symptoms of KLHL11‐IgG encephalitis. Early diagnosis and therapy are imperative. As with other PNSs, clinical awareness is needed and further studies are required especially in regard to therapeutic management.
Myrmecophily of Horniolus fortunatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Yoshitomi Hiroyuki
Published: February 2023

The biology of Horniolus fortunatus (Lewis, 1896) has been fragmentarily reported, but what the larvae and adults feed on and the immature stages are still unknown. In this article, I report that this coccinellid adult and larva feed on mealybugs (Planococcus sp.) living in the nest of the ant Crematogaster matsumurai Forel, 1901.
Re‐recognition of deep spalling damage mechanism of rolling contact fatigue under heavy load
Authors: Xia Zhuofan , Wu Di , Zhang Xiaochen , Wang Jianqiu , Han En‐Hou
Published: February 2023

This paper presents a detailed analysis of the nucleation and propagation of surface‐initiated crack in rolling contact fatigue (RCF) of bearing steel under heavy load. The cracks initiated from the junction of machining marks and trailing edge of dents formed by the plastic deformation. Crack propagation and spalling were mainly composed of three stages: (1) cracks initiating from surface defects propagate downward to form small spalling pits; (2) due to the surface stress and the maximum Hertz stress form a stress bridge, the cracks continue to expand towards the Hertz stress peak forming big spall; (3) the trailing edge of the spalling pit is used as the stress raiser to initiate next subsurface cracks and spalling expansion in successive. Different from previous understanding on the formation of subsurface‐initiated spalling, the results indicate that under heavy load the spalling at depth of the maximum shear stress zone in the subsurface can initiate from surface cracks.
Effect of carbon and tungsten content on the phase equilibria, microstructure, and mechanical properties of (Nb,W)C–Ni cermets
Authors: Huang Jinhua , Huang Shuigen , Vleugels Jef
Published: February 2023

With the assistance of thermodynamic simulation, the NbC–Ni based cermets with different W and C additions were designed and sintered in liquid state at 1390°C for 90 min in vacuum. By controlling the carbon and tungsten content, (Nb,W)C–Ni based cermets were prepared with varied phase constitution, microstructure, and mechanical properties. The microstructure, composition of phases, grain size, and equilibrium phases were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, EBSD, and X‐ray diffraction. The simulation reasonably predicted the experimentally observed phase constitutions. Depending on the additions, detailed analysis indicated that the cermets were composed of either a combination of cubic (Nb,W)C solid solution and Ni alloy binder or with an additional carbon‐deficient phase. Furthermore, mechanical analysis showed a strong dependence of its mechanical properties (Vickers hardness, indentation toughness, and flexural strength) on the phases and NbC grain size.
Sex‐specific difference in the relationship between body fat percentage and arterial stiffness: Results from Fuzhou study
Authors: Gong Jin , Han Ying , Gao Gufeng , Chen Ai , Fang Zhoufei , Lin Dongjie , Liu Yulong , Luo Li , Xie Liangdi
Published: February 2023

Obesity and overweight are closely related to cardiovascular mortality. Arterial stiffness is one of the important risks for cardiovascular diseases and is strongly related with the cardiovascular mortality. However, the relationship between obesity and arterial stiffness is still controversial. A cross‐sectional study was performed to examine the relationship of body fat percentage (BFP), an indicator of obesity, with carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) in 2603 subjects (aged 58.62 ± 11.27 years, male 71.07%, hypertension 64.89%). All participants were divided into four groups according to the gender and the presence of arterial stiffening based on a value ≥10 m/s of cfPWV(group1 : male with cfPWV <10 m/s, group2 : male with cfPWV ≥10 m/s, group3 : female with cfPWV <10 m/s, group4 : female with cfPWV ≥10 m/s). Body weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure were measured and clinical biochemical tests were recorded. cfPWV was measured using a non‐invasive automatic device (Complior Analysis, France). BFP were calculated by CUN‐BAE equation. The level of cfPWV was significantly increased with the increasing trend of BFP in both males and females. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that SBP, DBP, HR, Hcy, BFP, FPG were independent associated with cfPWV in females and SBP, eGFR, FPG, BFP, DBP were independent associated with cfPWV in males. In the subgroups stratified by age, BFP was correlated with cfPWV only in females over 60 years old, but not in female those aged under 60 years old and males. In addition to the age and blood pressure, BFP was one of important predictor of arterial stiffening special in females aged over 60 years old.
Seasonal stability and species specificity of environmentally acquired chemical mating signals in orchid bees
Authors: Darragh Kathy , Linden Tess A. , Ramírez Santiago R.
Published: February 2023

Traits that mediate reproductive isolation between species, such as those involved in mate choice and/or recognition, are predicted to experience stabilizing selection towards the species mean. Male orchid bees collect chemical compounds from many sources, such as plants and fungi, which they use as a perfume signal (pheromone) during courtship display, and are suggested to contribute to reproductive isolation between species. Environmentally acquired signals are more prone to variation as source availability can vary through space and time. If orchid bee perfumes are important for reproductive isolation between species, we expect them to exhibit stable species‐specific differences in time and space. Here, we describe phenotypic patterns of inter‐ and intraspecific variation in the male perfumes of three sympatric species of Euglossa orchid bees across an entire year, investigating both their seasonality and species specificity. Our analysis revealed considerable within‐species variation in perfumes. However, species specificity was maintained consistently throughout the year, supporting the idea that these perfumes could play an important role in reproductive isolation and are experiencing stabilizing selection towards a species mean. Our analysis also identified strong correlations in the abundance of some compounds, possibly due to shared collection sources between species. Our study suggests that orchid bee perfumes are robust in the face of environmental changes in resource availability and thus can maintain reproductive isolation between species.
CAD–CAM natural restorations—Reproducing nature using a digital workflow
Authors: Segundo Ângelo Raphael Toste Coelho , Saraiva Sérgio , de Castro Carla , Sesma Newton , Bohner Lauren , Andretti Fabio Luiz , Coachman Christian
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Natural restorations combine digital workflow and shell technique to create CAD/CAM restorations with the form and texture of natural teeth. This case report describes an interdisciplinary digital workflow combined with CAD/CAM natural restorations to achieve the naturalness of an anterior rehabilitation. Clinical considerations: A 38‐year‐old patient attended to the office with esthetic issues. An interdisciplinary treatment plan was conducted, which included periodontal surgery to recreate the gingival contour, associated with bleaching and manufacturing CAD/CAM ceramic veneers to return an optimal teeth surface texture and shape.

Conclusions

The design and manufacturing of CAD/CAM natural restorations using a digital workflow allowed a predictable result and overcame the limitations of conventional shell technique.

Clinical Significance

Conventional shell technique is used to create restorations with the form and texture of natural teeth. This article presents a combination of the conventional shell technique with a digital workflow, facilitating the design and manufacturing of CAD/CAM natural restorations.
Can the Behaviour Intervention Plan Quality Evaluation, Version 2, be simplified for use by stakeholders with limited experience of positive behaviour support?
Authors: Vassos M. , Carberry T. , Davis F. , Wardale S. , Nankervis K.
Published: February 2023

Background

Behaviour support plan (BSP) quality auditing tools like the Behaviour Intervention Plan Quality Evaluation, Version 2 (BIPQEII), assess the quality of a BSP from the perspective of technical compliance with behavioural principles. However, these principles may be inaccessible to interested stakeholders with limited experience and knowledge of positive behaviour support (PBS). The aim of this study was to test if a simplified version of the BIPQEII [the Behaviour Support Plan Audit Tool (BSPA‐tool)] offers a reliable and valid assessment of a BSP's technical compliance with behavioural principles when used by professional stakeholders with varying levels of PBS experience and knowledge.

Methods

Four scorers rated 50 de‐identified BSPs using the BSPA‐tool, with one scorer also rating the BSPs using the BIPQEII. Four weeks later, each scorer rated 25 of the 50 BSPs again using the BSPA‐tool. Prior to BSP scoring, a group of PBS practitioners provided feedback on the BSPA‐tool's content validity.

Results

The BSPA‐tool was found to have acceptable content and parallel‐form validity; however, acceptable internal consistency and inter‐rater and intra‐rater reliability were dependent on PBS experience/knowledge, that is, scorers with more experience/knowledge achieved more acceptable levels of reliability.

Conclusions

This study confirms that even with simplification, BSP quality auditing tools based on technical compliance with behavioural principles are still only accessible to stakeholders with extensive experience/knowledge of PBS. To engage less‐experienced stakeholders in BSP quality auditing processes, new audit tools need to be developed that focus on other aspects of BSP quality (e.g. readability and consultation).
Seeing clearly – Plant anatomy through Katherine Esau's microscopy lens
Authors: Geitmann Anja
Published: February 2023

Describing, naming and understanding the tissues and cell types composing biological organisms underpin myriad research endeavours in the biosciences. This is obvious when the organismal structure is a direct subject of the investigation such as in analyses of structure–function relationships. However, it also applies when structure represents the context. Gene expression networks and physiological processes cannot be divorced from the spatial and structural framework of the organs in which they operate. Atlases of anatomy and a precise vocabulary are therefore key tools on which modern scientific endeavours in the life sciences are based. One of the seminal authors whose books are familiar to nearly everyone in the plant biology community is Katherine Esau (1898–1997), a phenomenal plant anatomist and microscopist whose textbooks are still used daily around the world – 70 years after their first publication. Several technical innovations in microscopy have emerged since Esau's time and plant biological studies by authors who were trained using her books are shown side‐by‐side with Esau's drawings.
Lipid metabolism in dopaminergic neurons influences light entrainment
Authors: Fernandez Regina F. , Wilson Emily S. , Diaz Victoria , Martínez‐Gardeazabal Jonatan , Foguth Rachel , Cannon Jason R. , Jackson Shelley N. , Hermann Brian P. , Eells Jeffrey B. , Ellis Jessica M.
Published: February 2023

Dietary lipids, particularly omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, are speculated to impact behaviors linked to the dopaminergic system, such as movement and control of circadian rhythms. However, the ability to draw a direct link between dopaminergic omega‐3 fatty acid metabolism and behavioral outcomes has been limited to the use of diet‐based approaches, which are confounded by systemic effects. Here, neuronal lipid metabolism was targeted in a diet‐independent manner by manipulation of long‐chain acyl‐CoA synthetase 6 (ACSL6) expression. ACSL6 performs the initial reaction for cellular fatty acid metabolism and prefers the omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The loss of Acsl6 in mice (Acsl6−/−) depletes neuronal membranes of DHA content and results in phenotypes linked to dopaminergic control, such as hyperlocomotion, impaired short‐term spatial memory, and imbalances in dopamine neurochemistry. To investigate the role of dopaminergic ACSL6 on these outcomes, a dopaminergic neuron‐specific ACSL6 knockout mouse was generated (Acsl6DA−/−). Acsl6DA−/− mice demonstrated hyperlocomotion and imbalances in striatal dopamine neurochemistry. Circadian rhythms of both the Acsl6−/− and the Acsl6DA−/− mice were similar to control mice under basal conditions. However, upon light entrainment, a mimetic of jet lag, both the complete knockout of ACSL6 and the dopaminergic‐neuron‐specific loss of ACSL6 resulted in a longer recovery to entrainment compared to control mice. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that ACSL6 in dopaminergic neurons alters dopamine metabolism and regulation of light entrainment suggesting that DHA metabolism mediated by ACSL6 plays a role in dopamine neuron biology.

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Evaluation of eight registration algorithms applied to the insula and insular gyri
Authors: Kang KiChang , Sathe Anish , Mandloi Shreya , Muller Jennifer , Ozuna Glenn Arturo Gonzalez , Franco Daniel , Miller Christopher , Sharan Ashwini , Mohamed Feroze B. , Faro Scott , Alizadeh Mahdi , Wu Chengyuan
Published: February 2023

Background and Purpose

Spatial registration is crucial in establishing correspondence between anatomic brain regions for research and clinical purposes. The insular cortex (IC) and gyri (IG) are implicated in various functions and pathologies including epilepsy. Optimizing registration of the insula to a common atlas can improve the accuracy of group‐level analyses. Here, we compared six nonlinear, one linear, and one semiautomated registration algorithms (RAs) for registering the IC and IG to the Montreal Neurologic Institute standard space (MNI152).

Methods

3T images acquired from 20 controls and 20 temporal lobe epilepsy patients with mesial temporal sclerosis underwent automated segmentation of the insula. This was followed by manual segmentation of the entire IC and six individual IGs. Consensus segmentations were created at 75% agreement for IC and IG before undergoing registration to MNI152 space with eight RAs. Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) were calculated between segmentations after registration and the IC and IG in MNI152 space. Statistical analysis involved the Kruskal‐Wallace test with Dunn's test for IC and two‐way analysis of variance with Tukey's honest significant difference test for IG.

Results

DSCs were significantly different between RAs. Based on multiple pairwise comparisons, we report that certain RAs performed better than others across population groups. Additionally, registration performance differed according to specific IG.

Conclusion

We compared different methods for registering the IC and IG to MNI152 space. We found differences in performance between RAs, which suggests that algorithm choice is important factor in analyses involving the insula.
Social Support and Perceptions of COVID‐19‐related Emotional Impact on Mental Health Among Early Adolescents in Appalachia
Authors: Layman Hannah M. , Mann Michael J. , Smith Megan L. , Kogan Steven M. , Kristjansson Alfgeir L.
Published: February 2023

Background

Young people who experience higher levels of social support from their schools and families have been shown to be less likely to develop symptoms of negative mental health outcomes such as depression and anxiety.1–4 This raises questions concerning how young people's stress and psychological changes due to the COVID‐19 pandemic as well as social support during this time have affected their overall mental health. The aim of this study was to assess the association between sources of parental‐ and school‐level social support and youth perceptions of COVID‐19‐related emotional impact on mental health among early adolescent girls and boys in Appalachia.

Methods

Using linear regression, we analyzed the first and third wave of survey data from the larger parent study (Young Mountaineer Health Study) cohort, collected in 20 middle schools throughout West Virginia in the fall of 2020 and fall of 2021 (N = 1349, mean age: 11.5, response rate: 80.7%).

Results

Approximately half of participants reported knowing someone that had been sick with COVID‐19. Those experiencing higher levels of perceived COVID‐19‐related emotional impact reported greater levels of depression, anxiety, and anger. Both parental and school‐level social support were associated with better mental health outcomes.

Conclusions

Early adolescent perceptions of COVID‐19‐related emotional impact were associated with depression, anxiety, and anger and moderated by social support at home and in school among 11‐12‐year‐old youth in Appalachia.
Effects of different starch diets on growth performance, intestinal health and faecal microbiota of growing pigs
Authors: Li Zhiqing , Zhang Fan , Zhao Yirun , Liu Xiang , Xie Junyan , Ma Xiaokang
Published: February 2023

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different starch source diets on growth performance, intestinal health, and, microbiota of growing pigs. Eighteen healthy “Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire” pigs (50 ± 0.61 kg, Castrated boar) were randomly divided into three groups with six replicates and one pig per replicate. The pigs in the three treatments were fed diets prepared with cassava flour (CF), rice bran (RB) and sorghum flour (SF), respectively, and the nutritional levels of the three treatments were the same. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The results showed that pigs in the RB group had significantly increased average daily gain (ADG, p < 0.05) compared with pigs in CF and SF groups. Compared with pigs in the CF group, the final body weight (FBW) of growing pigs in the RB group was increased and the ratio of feed to gain (F: G) was decreased (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between FBW and F: G between the SF group and the other two groups. Compared with the CF group, the RB group significantly increased the jejunum amylase activity (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the SF group and the other two groups. Compared with growing pigs in the CF group and SF group, the duodenal villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio of growing pigs in the RB group were significantly increased (p < 0.05). The concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, and total VFA in the colon and caecum of piglets in the SF group were significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to piglets in CF and RB groups, and there was no significant difference between the CF group and RB group. Compared with the RB group, caecal butyric acid concentration was significantly increased in SF and CF groups (p < 0.05). Seven dominant phyla were identified at the phylum level, among which Firmicutes, Bacteroidota and Spirochaetota were dominant phyla, accounting for 74.18%, 14.87% and 6.56% of the RB group respectively. Cassava flour group accounted for 80.22%, 9.64% and 3.71%; Accounting for 65.33%, 17.34% and 13.07% of the SF group. Through the comparative analysis of microbial differences among the treatment groups, it was found that at the phylum level, compared with the SF group, the abundance of Synergistota in the diet of the CF group and the diet of the RB group was significantly increased (p < 0.05). The abundance decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The quantity of Desulfobacterota in the RB group was significantly higher than that in the CF group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, compared with sorghum starch and cassava starch, RB starch can improve the activity of digestive enzymes and villus height in the small intestine of growing pigs and promote the growth of pigs by protecting the intestinal health of growing pigs.
Using a frequentist and Bayesian approach to examine video game usage, substance use, and sleep among college students
Authors: Asbee Justin , Slavish Danica , Taylor Daniel J. , Dietch Jessica R.
Published: February 2023

Video games are a popular form of entertainment. However, there is mixed evidence for the association between video game usage and poor sleep quality, short sleep duration, or delayed sleep timing. The current study examined associations between daily sleep behaviours and video game usage via a Bayesian and frequentist statistical approach. Caffeine and alcohol consumption were also assessed as moderators, as these behaviours may co‐occur with video game usage and poor sleep. 1032 (72% female) undergraduate students were recruited between 2006–2007. Participants completed questionnaires examining video game and substance use, as well as sleep diaries for 1 week. Frequentist analyses revealed that video game usage was related to increased variability in the total sleep time, and a later average sleep midpoint, but not sleep efficiency. Alcohol use moderated the relationships between video game usage and both average and variability in total sleep time. Caffeine use was related to shorter average total sleep time and more variability in sleep efficiency. Alcohol consumption was related to more variability in the total sleep time and sleep midpoint, and a later average sleep midpoint. Bayesian models suggested strong evidence that video game playing was associated with later average sleep midpoint. Like the frequentist approach, alcohol consumption moderated the relationship between video game usage and both average and variability in total sleep time, but the evidence was weak. The effect sizes for both approaches tended to be small. Using a rigorous statistical approach and a large sample, this study provides robust evidence that video game usage may not be strongly associated with poor sleep among undergraduate students.
Multi‐zone fusion crust formation and classification of the 2004 Auckland meteorite (L6, S5, and W0)
Authors: Scott James M. , Negrini Marianne , Faure Kevin , Palmer Marshall C. , Knaack Derek R. , Leybourne Matthew I.
Published: February 2023

On June 12, 2004, a meteorite passed through Earth's atmosphere and landed under the television in the living room of a house in Auckland, New Zealand. Textural characteristics, the chemistry of olivine (Fa23–24) and orthopyroxene (Fs20.7), and the bulk rock triple oxygen isotopes (δ17O + 3.1; δ18O + 4.2‰) from the interior of the completely unweathered (W0) 1.3 kg meteorite, hereafter referred to as Auckland, suggest it to be a strongly metamorphosed fragment from the interior of a low iron ordinary chondrite (L6) parent asteroid. The occurrence of maskelynite but shock fracturing of olivine and pyroxene indicates Auckland experienced extreme shock metamorphism (S5), likely during Ordovician fragmentation of the asteroid parent. The fusion crust consists of three zones: (1) an innermost zone containing narrow Fe‐Ni‐S‐bearing veins that migrated along pre‐existing shock fractures in olivine and pyroxene; (2) a middle zone in which the meteorite partially melted to form a silicate glass and immiscible blebs of metal and troilite, and is accompanied by unmelted silicate minerals; and (3) an approximately 0.1 mm wide vesicular‐rich outermost layer that largely melted, volatilizing sulfides, before quenching to form glass and olivine. Oxygen isotope values of the bulk rock and/or maskelynite of melted rim and modified substrate are 2–3‰ greater than the meteorite interior and indicate that up to 19% of terrestrial atmospheric O2 was incorporated into the fusion crust during the formation. The fusion crust migrated inwards as ablation occurred, enabling melting, migration, and re‐precipitation ± loss of sulfide and metal components, with the prominent glassy rim therefore forming from an already chemically modified zone.
Comparing two simplified questionnaire‐based methods with 24‐h recalls for estimating fortifiable wheat flour and oil consumption in Mandaluyong City, Philippines
Authors: Friesen Valerie M. , Miller Jody C. , Bitantes Ryan B. , Reario Maria F. D. , Arnold Charles D. , Mbuya Mduduzi N. N. , Neufeld Lynnette M. , Wieringa Frank T. , Stormer Ame , Capanzana Mario V. , Cabanilla Carl V. D. , Lietz Georg , Haskell Marjorie J. , Engle‐Stone Reina
Published: February 2023

Information on fortifiable food consumption is essential to design, monitor and evaluate fortification programmes, yet detailed methods like 24‐h recalls (24HRs) that provide such data are rarely conducted. Simplified questionnaire‐based methods exist but their validity compared with 24HRs has not been shown. We compared two simplified methods (i.e., a household food acquisition and purchase questionnaire [FAPQ] and a 7‐day semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire [SQ‐FFQ]) against 24HRs for estimating fortifiable food consumption. We assessed the consumption of fortifiable wheat flour and oil using a FAPQ and, for wheat flour only, a 7‐day SQ‐FFQ and compared the results against 24HRs. The participants included children 12−18 months (n = 123) and their mothers 18−49 years selected for a study assessing child vitamin A intake and status in Mandaluyong City, Philippines. For fortifiable wheat flour, the FAPQ estimated considerably lower mean intakes compared to 24HRs for children and mothers (2.2 vs. 14.1 g/day and 5.1 vs. 42.3 g/day, respectively), while the SQ‐FFQ estimated slightly higher mean intakes (15.7 vs. 14.1 g/day and 51.5 vs. 42.3 g/day, respectively). For fortifiable oil, the FAPQ estimated considerably higher mean intakes compared to 24HRs for children and mothers (4.6 vs. 1.8 g/day and 12.5 vs. 6.1 g/day, respectively). The SQ‐FFQ, but not the FAPQ, generated useful information on fortifiable food consumption that can inform fortification programme design and monitoring decisions in the absence of more detailed individual‐level data. Potential adaptations to improve the FAPQ, such as additional questions on foods prepared away from home and usage patterns, merit further research.
Visual–auditory learning network for construction equipment action detection
Authors: Jung Seunghoon , Jeoung Jaewon , Lee Dong‐Eun , Jang Hyounseung , Hong Taehoon
Published: February 2023

Action detection of construction equipment is critical for tracking project performance, facilitating construction automation, and fostering construction efficiency in terms of construction site monitoring. Particularly, the auditory signal can provide additional information on computer vision‐based action detection of various types of construction equipment. Therefore, this study aims to develop a visual–auditory learning network model for the action detection of construction equipment based on two modalities (i.e., vision and audition). To this end, both visual and auditory features are extracted from the multi‐modal feature extractor. In addition, the multi‐head attention and detection module is designed to conduct the localization and classification tasks in separate heads in which different attention mechanisms for each task are applied. Particularly, the content‐based attention mechanism and the dot‐product attention mechanism are, respectively, adopted for spatial attention in the localization head and channel attention in the classification head. The evaluation results show that the precision and recall of the proposed model can reach 86.92% and 84.00% with the adoption of the multi‐head attention and detection module, which has proven to improve overall detection performance by utilizing different correlations of visual and auditory features for localization and classification, respectively.
Life course research in physical activity: Pathway to Global Action Plan 2030
Authors: Sharma Chitra , Ahuja Kiran D. K. , Kulkarni Bharati , Byrne Nuala M. , Hills Andrew P.
Published: February 2023

Current global trends in physical activity levels demonstrate that the world is not on track to achieve the 2030 target set by the Global Action Plan. The Action Plan posited that physical activity should be an integral component of “daily lives” of all individuals “across the life course.” Potential contributions to achieve global physical activity goals include the utilization of compositional data analysis and life course epidemiology to provide a framework for the composite nature of physical activity and complex life course relationships. Combining these two traditionally disconnected fields represents a paradigm shift in physical activity research. Here, we discuss how these combined fields enable a reinterpretation of previous research findings and explore their impact on policy and potential advantages and challenges. Careful consideration needs to be given to the implications of both fields remaining disconnected and the alternate option of consolidation to realize ambitions.
An exploratory study of distractions during the induction phase of pediatric procedural sedation with propofol
Authors: Boriosi Juan P. , Eickhoff Jens C. , Bryndzia Christina , Peters Megan , Hollman Gregory A.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Distractions are a leading cause of disturbance to workflow during medical care. Distractions affecting the anesthetic team in the operating room are frequent and have a negative impact on patient care one‐fifth of the time. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency, source, target, and impact of distractions during the induction phase of pediatric procedural sedation outside the operating room.

Methods

Distractions were analyzed during propofol induction for oncology procedures from 45 video recordings. Distraction was defined as any event that disturbs or has potential to disturb the sedation team from performing their primary tasks. The type of distraction was cataloged into communication, coordination, extraneous events, equipment, layout, and usability. A five‐point Likert scale was used to quantify the impact on the sedation team or its members.

Results

All patients had a diagnosis of acute lymphocytic leukemia and had a mean age of 8.4 years. Five hundred and sixty‐seven distractions occurred and averaged 12.6 events (±5.6) per induction (mean induction time 3 min 12 s). Extraneous events were most common, accounting for 55% (312/567) of all distractions. Most distractions had an impact on the sedation team's workflow, resulting in multitasking (46%, n = 262), and in either brief or complete disruption from a primary task (17%). Sedation nurses were impacted most often, 62% of the time. Coordination and usability issues resulted in the greatest negative impact, mean ± SD, 3.7 ± 1.0 and 3.5 ± 0.9, respectively. There was no significant association between distractions and adverse events or induction length.

Discussion

Distractions are common during procedural sedation, with extraneous events being most frequent. Coordination issues within the team and usability problems had the greatest negative impact on sedation team workflow. Nurses were the most frequent target.

Conclusion

Distractions impacted sedation team workflow but had no association with patient outcomes.
Reduced positive affect alters reward learning via reduced information encoding in the Reward Positivity
Authors: Jackson Trevor C. J. , Cavanagh James F.
Published: February 2023

Reward Positivity (RewP) is a feedback‐locked event‐related potential component that is specifically elicited by rewarding feedback and scales with positive reward prediction error, a hallmark of reinforcement learning models. The RewP is also diminished in depression, suggesting that it may be a novel marker of anhedonia. Here, we examined if a sad mood induction offered an opportunity to causally induce a mood‐related alteration of the RewP and reward‐related learning. In Experiment 1 (N = 50 total), participants were randomly assigned to previously established sad or neutral mood induction procedures before a probabilistic selection task. This manipulation failed to induce changes in affect, suggesting that standard methods are inadequate. In Experiment 2 (N = 50 total), participants were randomly assigned to newly developed happy versus sad mood manipulations, which successfully induced large changes in affect. While the RewP was unaffected by mood induction, positive mood moderated the relationship between prediction error encoding in the RewP and reward learning, such that low positive mood and low prediction error encoding resulted in poorer reward learning. These findings provide a mechanistic example of how reduced positive affect moderates reward learning via poorer information encoding in the RewP.
Racial Attitudes in the Deep South: Persistence and Change at the University of Alabama, 1963–2013*
Authors: Hughes Michael , Tuch Steven A. , McCallum Debra M. , Smith Gabrielle P. A. , Lo Celia C. , McKnight Utz , Fording Richard C.
Published: February 2023

Using data from a unique series of surveys collected between 1963 and 2013, this study examines racial attitudes among young white adults in the Deep South over a 50‐year period. Repeated surveys of University of Alabama students in 1963, 1966, 1969, 1972, 1983, 1988, and 2013 measured racial stereotypes, support for racial segregation, and in the 2013 study, racial resentment and support for ameliorative racial policies. Analyses show that in the 1960s endorsement of racial stereotypes was a powerful predictor of support for racial segregation. By the early 1970s, racial integration became a reality in the Deep South and, paralleling broad trends in U.S. society, endorsement of racial stereotypes and support for racial segregation declined. Simultaneously, threats to whites' position in the form of ameliorative racial policies (including affirmative action) emerged along with racial resentment. By 2013, racial resentment, rather than racial stereotyping, was the primary determinant of white students' opposition to racial change. Our findings support Herbert Blumer's (1958) argument that racial prejudice exists in a sense of group position, and that it functions to preserve the advantaged position of the dominant group regardless of changes in the form that prejudice takes.
On apparent pronominal feature contradictions: Shifty agreement in Telugu
Authors: Messick Troy
Published: February 2023

This article investigates so‐called monstrous agreement—where a non‐first‐person pronoun can control first‐person agreement on an embedded verb—in Telugu. Empirically, I provide the most in‐depth description of monstrous agreement in Telugu to date. To account for monstrous agreement, I propose that embedded pronouns have morphosyntactic features that indicate their roles in both the matrix and embedded speech acts. This means an embedded pronoun can have first‐person and third‐ or second‐person features simultaneously. I then propose a precise set of morphosyntactic operations that allow the first‐person feature to appear on the verbal agreement but not the pronoun controlling the agreement. I also show that pronouns that have these contradictory features must be bound by an operator to be licensed, and I discuss the nature of these operators and the locality conditions on the binding relationship. The theoretical consequence of this article is that apparently contradictory feature combinations on pronominal elements must be sanctioned by UG.
Increasingly amplified stimulation mediated by TaNAC69‐B is crucial for the leaf senescence in wheat
Authors: Li Jingkun , Qiao Hualiang , Yin Pengcheng , Liu Meng , Yang Yifan , Li Ke , Yang Le , Yang Chaosha , Zhao Lifeng , Zhou Shuo , Liu Yongwei , Zhou Chunjiang , Wang Geng
Published: February 2023

Leaf senescence involves massive multidimensional alterations, such as nutrient redistribution, and is closely related to crop yield and quality. No apical meristem, Arabidopsis transcription activation factor, and Cup‐shaped cotyledon (NAC)‐type transcription factors integrate various signals and modulate an enormous number of target genes to ensure the appropriate progression of leaf senescence. However, few leaf senescence‐related NACs have been functionally characterized in wheat. Based on our previous RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) data, we focused on a NAC family member, TaNAC69‐B, which is increasingly expressed during leaf senescence in wheat. Overexpression of TaNAC69‐B led to precocious leaf senescence in wheat and Arabidopsis, and affected several agricultural traits in transgenic wheat. Moreover, impaired expression of TaNAC69‐B by virus‐induced gene silencing retarded the leaf senescence in wheat. By RNA‐seq and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis, we confirmed that some abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis genes, including AAO3 and its ortholog in wheat, TraesCS2B02G270600 (TaAO3‐B), were elevated by the overexpression of TaNAC69‐B. Consistently, we observed more severe ABA‐induced leaf senescence in TaNAC69‐B‐OE wheat and Arabidopsis plants. Furthermore, we determined that TaNAC69‐B bound to the NAC binding site core (CGT) on the promoter regions of AAO3 and TaAO3‐B. Moreover, we confirmed elevated ABA levels in TaNAC69‐B‐OE wheat lines. Although TaNAC69‐B shares 39.83% identity (amino acid) with AtNAP, TaNAC69‐B did not completely restore the delayed leaf senescence in the atnap mutant. Collectively, our results revealed a positive feedback loop, consisting of TaNAC69‐B, ABA biosynthesis and leaf senescence, that is essential for the regulation of leaf senescence in wheat.
Successful resuscitation and neurological monitoring of a dog with out‐of‐hospital cardiopulmonary arrest due to pentobarbital overdose
Authors: Iannucci Claudia , Hoehne Sabrina N. , Murthy Vishal D. , Dutil Guillaume , Maiolini Arianna
Published: February 2023

Objective

To describe the clinical signs, electroencephalographic (EEG) findings, treatment, and outcome in a dog after successful resuscitation from out‐of‐hospital cardiopulmonary arrest (OHCA) induced by pentobarbital intoxication.

Case Summary

A 10‐year‐old, male intact Jack Russell Terrier was referred for management of refractory status epilepticus and presented dead on arrival. After 7 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, return of spontaneous circulation was achieved, but the dog remained comatose, apneic, and lacked brainstem reflexes on neurological examination 6 hours following resuscitation. Magnetic resonance imaging showed polioencephalomalacia consistent with prolonged epileptiform activity, and EEG was initially concerning for electrocerebral inactivity. Following supportive care that included short‐term mechanical ventilation, the dog made a full recovery and was discharged from the hospital alive 7 days postresuscitation. It was later revealed that the dog had been administered an unknown amount of pentobarbital during transportation, which likely contributed to the OHCA, clinical, and EEG findings.

New Information Provided

This is the first report to describe the full recovery and hospital discharge of a dog suffering OHCA and the first description of EEG findings in a clinical veterinary patient following cardiopulmonary arrest and successful resuscitation. Factors likely contributing to successful patient outcome and potential benefits and limitations of EEG in monitoring postcardiac arrest patients are discussed.
IDENTITY AND THE BRAIN: THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF OUR SELF
Authors: Newberg Andrew B.
Published: February 2023

This article reviews the neuroscientific understanding of the self and personal identity, focusing on various elements of inclusivity and exclusivity as well as engaging religious and spiritual perspectives. We will also consider how the identity is comprised of biological, social, and ideological or spiritual aspects, and how they are interconnected. We will consider how the brain helps us to construct and maintain our representation of the self and what happens when we have self‐transcendent experiences. Such an evaluation will have implications for understanding the intersection between consciousness and the self. This information will be helpful from both the psychological and spiritual perspective for understanding human identity.
RECENT MODIFICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Mohd Hatta Mohd Hayrie , Matmin Juan , Ghazalli Nur Fatiha , Abd Khadir Jalani Mohamad Azani , Hussin Faisal
Published: February 2023

Recent advances in the field of biomedical have been remarkably achieved in the last few years, especially in the fabrication of nanomaterials that have various applications. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are carbon-based materials with cylindrical shapes that have an average diameter of less than 2 nanometre (nm) for single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) with average diameters up to 100 nm. CNTs demonstrate various outstanding and excellent mechanical, electrical, conductivity, thermal properties, high surface area, and high biocompatibility. These remarkable properties have led to the development of CNTs-based materials in the biomedical field. For the past decades, the functionalization of CNTs has been actively researched in order to increase their biocompatibility for application in antibacterial materials, dentistry, drug delivery, and biosensing. The surface functionalization enhances the capabilities, features, and properties by modifying the surface chemistry of CNTs to improve their biocompatibility. The functionalization of CNTs will enable the biomolecule loading on the surface of CNTs, and thus can be used for drug delivery for targeted cells or immobilization support. In this review, we discuss the related literatures on biomedical applications of CNTs such as antibacterial, dental materials, cancer therapy and biosensors from 2007 – 2022. We also review the antibacterial properties between SWCNTs and MWCNTs, functionalized CNTs-reinforced nanocomposite for dental applications, and the ability of CNTs to work as nanocarriers to deliver drugs directly to cancer cells. Moreover, the applications of CNTs-based biosensors in detecting biological and biomedical compounds are also discussed.
Effects of School Shift Change on Sleep and Academic Performance: A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation for Adolescent Students in Brazil
Authors: Raposo Isabel Pessoa de Arruda , Leite dos Santos Adriana , Almeida de Menezes Tatiane , Santos Bezerra Andrewen Felipe , Barreto Camboim Gonçalves Michela
Published: February 2023

This paper investigates the influence of the school shift change on the academic performance of 6th and 7th graders (lower secondary education) of public schools in the city of Recife, Brazil. The empirical analyses use educational data from a panel of the Brazilian Ministry of Education, with a sample of 4,500 students, 3,468 parents or guardians, 85 principals, and 137 teachers working in 87 public schools that were spatially distributed. The identification strategy explores a quasi-experiment in which some classes of the investigated sample had their school shifts changed between the two years, which occurred exclusively due to the school logistics and regardless of the parents’ preferences. Difference-in-differences models combined with propensity score matching demonstrate that students who shifted from morning to afternoon between the two years analyzed improved their Portuguese test scores, and that those who experienced the opposite change, from afternoon to morning, had a drop in the performance. Estimations in intermediary outcomes also reveal that the changes in the students’ sleeping habits are an important mechanism that explains the relation between the scores and the school shift.
Nation Building Media Narratives and its Anti-Ecological Roots: An Eco-Aesthetic Analysis of Khushwant Singh’s Train to Pakistan
Authors: Veda Andrew , Christie Luke Gerard
Published: February 2023

Khushwant Singh’s Train To Pakistan documents the horrors of the partition of India and Pakistan in the year 1947 by presenting a story set in a fictional village, Mano Majra which is an ecological synecdoche as the village stands for the two nations, India and Pakistan. The nation building narrative of Singh, as well as Gandhi - "the future of India lies in villages", though highly ecological as its focus is only on maintaining the "self-sufficiency" of every village, is paradoxical as it is concerned only with the microcosm of the villages and not with the macrocosm of the nation. The spiritual connection that Mano Majrans have with their land and river, which is the basis of their identity, cannot be limited by narratives of nation building revolving around political boundaries. The post-partition anxiety of the two countries, at the level of the microcosm, is the trauma of the loss of their ecological home. Khushwant Singh's novel provides a powerful insight into the deep roots of this eco-aesthetic identity and the anxiety of its loss resulting in the cultural divide that continues to exist between India and Pakistan. This essay makes the argument that Khushwant Singh highlights the anti-ecological nature of nation building narratives in his novel, Train to Pakistan.
Life in Hiding: Censorship Challenges faced by Salman Rushdie and Perumal Murugan
Authors: R Amirthavarshini V , R Bhuvaneswari
Published: February 2023

Salman Rushdie and Perumal Murugan have made significant literary contributions to modern Indian Literature. The study focuses on the authors’ post-traumatic mental conditions and societal anxiety. Controversies were prompted by Rushdie’s The Satanic Verses (1988) and Murugan’s One Part Woman (2010). Due to their literary career, the writers were forced to leave their hometowns involuntarily into exile also underwent self-censorship and self-exile. This paper examines the societal worries that the authors experienced regarding the books, which were published after the controversies surrounding their censored and banned works. The study distinguishes the implication of censorship and writers’ freedom of expression in the contemporary era of Indian literature. The diverse mental state of the authors during enforced self-imposed quarantine and global pandemic lockdown are interrogated. The paper focuses on the authors’ physical and psychological problems caused by opposers’ conservative views towards their writings. The paper also details the authors’ resilience amid political, and social pressure.