bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maisons de justice : entre bienveillance administrative et gestion du risque ?
Authors: Sabbe Mathias , Schiffino Nathalie , Moyson Stéphane
Published: December 2021

Au sein des Maisons de justice, des assistants de justice (AJ) sont chargés de la guidance des justiciables condamnés à une mesure probatoire. Ce travail est assorti de mesures de contrôle et d’assistance. Or, la tension qui accompagne ces deux missions est accrue par la hausse des exigences administratives et une importante scrutation médiatique en cas de récidive. Cette contribution explore la marge de manœuvre dont disposent les AJ dans l’exercice de leur fonction. Une analyse thématique conduite auprès de 29 AJ francophones révèle que – malgré un nombre croissant de dossiers, un temps limité pour les traiter et un contrôle managérial grandissant – les AJ ne donnent pas nécessairement la priorité aux profils les plus commodes. Au contraire, ils agissent prioritairement auprès des justiciables les plus problématiques. Cette bienveillance discrétionnaire est discutée au regard de la street-level bureaucracy (Lipsky, 2010). Elle s’explique autant par un ethos professionnel résistant aux injonctions néomanagériales que par un certain désir de préservation personnelle.
« Suivre la règle », ou le (non)-usage du pouvoir discrétionnaire
Authors: Mascia Carla , Costa Santos Adriana
Published: December 2021

Le pouvoir discrétionnaire des agents de terrain, inhérent au travail social, émane de la nécessité d’adapter les règles générales aux situations singulières, et participe à la redéfinition de la politique publique (Lipsky, 2010). À partir d’une analyse de terrain auprès des différents intervenants (représentants politiques, responsables administratifs et travailleurs sociaux) dans sept CPAS bruxellois, nous nous sommes proposé de vérifier l’impact des normes censées encadrer les pratiques du travail social sur la marge de manœuvre des assistants sociaux. Au départ de la question des freins au pouvoir discrétionnaire, nous considérons l’impact du contexte organisationnel et des conditions de travail sur la non-mobilisation par les agents de leur marge de manœuvre – davantage que l’impact de leur attachement aux normes. Dans un contexte marqué par une complexité légale et normative, une surcharge de travail et des techniques managériales d’objectivation et de contrôle des pratiques, nos observations nous amènent à penser le suivi de la norme aussi en tant que pratique discrétionnaire.
Des « variants » du consentement en psychiatrie
Authors: David Michel
Published: December 2021

La notion omniprésente du consentement infiltre nos vies quotidiennes et tend à se développer en de nouvelles formes, des « variants », par exemple larges ou à options. Pour la psychiatrie, Michel David expose deux situations problématiques confrontant le consentement à l’information, celle lors de l’admission, puis celle de l’isolement et de la contention. La première intéresse « Hospyweb », fichier gérant les hospitalisations sans consentement, fichier croisé avec celui de l’islamisme radical, faisant ainsi suspecter les malades psychiatriques de dangerosité terroriste. Le Contrôle Général des Lieux de Privation de Liberté (CGLPL) a réprouvé la mesure. Pourtant sa recommandation ambiguë oblige dans les faits le psychiatre traitant à une information pouvant entraver l’alliance thérapeutique. La deuxième introduit à un examen précis de l’article 84 de la Loi de Financement de la Sécurité Sociale (LFSS) pour 2021. Elle fixe des délais inapplicables et dresse une liste de personnes à informer sans prendre l’avis préalable des personnes concernées. En définitive, cela traduit un décalage entre la loi et la réalité de la maladie mentale. Il est dû à un manque de réflexion de fond sur le rapport entre consentement et contrainte, d’où l’impératif d’une réforme des soins psychiatriques guidée par la protection de la santé.
The Habermasian perspective of digital entrepreneurship: A roadmap for the evolution of the field
Authors: Majdouline Ilias , El Baz Jamal , Jebli Fedwa , Tremblay Diane-Gabrielle
Published: December 2021

La recherche sur l’entrepreneuriat numérique (EN) a considérablement augmenté, mais malgré les contributions de la littérature existante, une perspective cohérente de l’évolution potentielle du domaine fait toujours défaut. Les auteurs s’appuient sur la théorie critique de Jurgen Habermas pour fournir un cadre complet qui permettra aux universitaires et aux praticiens de l’entrepreneuriat numérique (EN) de développer un programme commun touchant la conceptualisation et la théorisation. À cet égard, cet article contribue aux efforts antérieurs visant à consolider la légitimité de l’entrepreneuriat numérique (EN) en tant que domaine de recherche en entrepreneuriat. De plus, cette recherche met en évidence les fondements philosophiques et sociaux de l’entreprenariat numérique (EN).
Organizational subculture, constructive deviance and technology adoption: post-implementation of an Enterprise Information System in China
Authors: Lissillour Raphael , Wang Johnny
Published: December 2021

Les entreprises industrielles peuvent être caractérisées comme des organisations culturellement plurielles, car au sein de l’organisation différents groupes professionnels sont susceptibles de suivre des préférences culturelles spécifiques. Cette diversité culturelle remet en cause la mise en œuvre du système d’information d’entreprise puisque les sous-cultures peuvent être plus ou moins cohérentes avec les valeurs intégrées dans ces progiciels. Cet article s’appuie sur une étude longitudinale d’une filiale d’une entreprise industrielle allemande en Chine. Les données ont été recueillies grâce à l’observation des participants, des entretiens et des groupes de discussion sur une période de deux ans. Nous avons identifié et détaillé la fracture culturelle entre un groupe de référence et deux groupes. Afin de continuer à accomplir et remplir leurs obligations professionnelles, les groupes en conflit ont adopté des comportements de déviance constructive, s’adaptant ainsi aux prescriptions associées à la fois à la culture dominante et à leur sous-culture. Nous avons identifié deux types de déviances constructives qui résultent des contradictions culturelles, à savoir la performance créative et la prise en charge. Nous discutons des effets de la déviance constructive dans l’organisation et concluons par des contributions théoriques et pratiques.
How does online banking influence the account manager’s job? Cases of Tunisian and Romanian banks
Authors: Sghari Amira , Schiopoiu Burlea Adriana , Chaabouni Jamil
Published: December 2021

L’article explore l’impact de l’usage de la banque mobile sur les activités et les compétences requises des chargés de clientèle dans les banques. Une approche qualitative basée sur des entretiens semi-structurés auprès de 35 chargés de clientèle appartenant à 3 banques tunisiennes et 3 banques roumaines est adoptée. Les résultats montrent que l’usage de la banque en ligne n’a pas d’effet substantiel sur le métier du chargé de clientèle dans les banques roumaines. Au contraire, certains chargés de clientèle tunisiens affirment que l’apparition de la banque en ligne nécessite le développement de la compétence « gestion du stress ».
Entrepreneurial opportunity discovered or created? A Strong Structuration Theory perspective
Authors: Ghamgui Nizar , Soparnot Richard
Published: December 2021

Le lien entre les opportunités individuelles et entrepreneuriales est un processus social complexe impliquant un large éventail d’acteurs différents. La mobilisation de la Strong Structuration Theory permet aux chercheurs d’avoir une vision large de ce processus social afin de développer une analyse complète de la nature d’une opportunité entrepreneuriale, d’analyser globalement les structures pertinentes et de comprendre comment celles-ci sont modifiées par les actions d’un entrepreneur. Cet article présente l’étude de la création d’une nouvelle compagnie aérienne. Nous apportons une réponse à l’énigme de la théorie entrepreneuriale en proposant un cadre théorique qui dépasse la dichotomie entre les approches de découverte et de création afin de comprendre le lien entre individu et opportunité en tant que cycle de structuration.
Efecto de la soldadura por fricción rotativa sobre las propiedades mecánicas de la aleación Al 6060
Authors: Teker Tanju , Soysal Tayfun , Akgün Gökçen
Published: December 2021

Las aleaciones de aluminio de la serie 6xxx son propensas a agrietarse cuando se sueldan por fusión sin un metal de relleno adecuado. Alternativamente, estas aleaciones se pueden soldar mediante soldadura por fricción rotatoria, un proceso de soldadura en estado sólido, que no utiliza otro material. Sin embargo, el uso de los parámetros correctos para el proceso de soldadura por fricción giratoria es clave para obtener buenas soldaduras. En este estudio, la aleación de aluminio 6060 fue soldada por fricción rotatoria utilizando diferentes velocidades de rotación, y se estudiaron los efectos de las velocidades de rotación en las propiedades mecánicas de dichas soldaduras. Las muestras se caracterizaron utilizando microscopía electrónica de barrido, se analizaron realizando un mapeo elemental utilizando espectroscopía de rayos X por dispersión de energía, y se caracterizaron mecánicamente realizando microdurezas y ensayos de tracción. Entre las muestras estudiadas, la muestra soldada con la velocidad de rotación de 1700 rpm resultó ser mucho mejor que las demás en términos de resistencia mecánica. En las observaciones realizadas bajo el microscopio, a diferencia de la soldadura por fusión, no se notó agrietamiento u otros defectos de soldadura o macro segregación en la muestra soldada a la velocidad de 1700 rpm.
Biocompatibilidad de osteoblastos e inhibición de adhesión bacteriana a la aleación Ti6Al4V tratada térmica y químicamente
Authors: Tavarez-Martínez Greta , Criado Belén , Coronada Fernández-Calderón M. , Onofre-Bustamante Edgar , Pérez-Giraldo Ciro , García-Alonso Cristina , Lorenza Escudero Mª
Published: December 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido estudiar si los tratamientos térmicos y de conversión química mejoran la biocompatibilidad de la aleación TiAlV y reducen el crecimiento bacteriano. En primer lugar, se modificó la aleación de TiAlV mediante tratamiento térmico a 650 ºC durante 1 hour. Luego, se llevó a cabo la conversión química en una solución de CeCl3 para generar óxido de cerio. Las superficies modificadas se caracterizaron utilizando AFM y SEM-EDX. La adhesión de osteoblastos y la formación de biopelículas microbianas se midieron in vitro con la línea celular de osteoblastos MC3T3-E1 y Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35983, respectivamente. La viabilidad bacteriana se cuantificó a través del contenido en trifosfato de adenosina (ATP) como medida de la actividad metabólica. La morfología y la proliferación en superficies modificadas se analizaron mediante SEM-EDX. Los resultados revelaron que el TiAlV tratado térmicamente mostró una mayor proliferación osteoblástica asociada con una mayor rugosidad y estructura cristalina del rutilo. Las superficies modificadas no causaron efecto bactericida, pero las superficies de TiAlV con ceria mostraron una disminución en la adhesión bacteriana, es decir, menos proliferación bacteriana y por tanto disminución en la colonización bacteriana.
Efecto de la temperatura de deformación sobre las propiedades mecánicas, la microestructura y la recuperación elástica (springback effect) en chapas de Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Ertan Rukiye , Çetin Güner
Published: December 2021

La aleación de titanio Ti-6Al-4V se utiliza en diversas aplicaciones industriales como la industria aeroespacial, de motores a reacción y automotriz debido a su buena relación entre resistencia y peso, y a sus excelentes propiedades a altas temperaturas. Para estas exigentes aplicaciones, la conformabilidad del material y el efecto de los parámetros de conformado sobre las propiedades mecánicas finales son de gran importancia. En este estudio, se investigó el comportamiento de recuperación elástica (springback effect) en chapas de 1 mm de espesor, conformadas en caliente, de la aleación Ti-6Al-4V, en relación con la temperatura de deformación, la cual osciló entre 350 y 950 °C. Después del conformado en caliente, se examinaron los ángulos de recuperación elástica de perfiles en U y se asociaron con las propiedades mecánicas y la evolución microestructural. Se estudiaron los mecanismos de transformación microestructural a cada temperatura de deformación con la ayuda de microscopía óptica. Se observaron importantes cambios microestructurales como recristalización, crecimiento de grano y transformaciones de fase, que influyen en gran medida en el ángulo de recuperación elástica y en las propiedades mecánicas. Se descubrió que la conformabilidad del material en chapas de Ti-6Al-4V depende, en gran medida, de las temperaturas de procesado utilizadas y de los mecanismos de deformación microestructural activados. El conformado en caliente a 850 °C produce el ángulo de recuperación elástica más baja, pero, después del conformado en caliente, se produce un ablandamiento pronunciado del material debido a la recristalización.
Des cultures temporaires face à la forêt classée
Authors: Caillault Sébastien , Delahaye Daniel , Ballouche Aziz
Published: December 2021

Cette étude se propose d’analyser le rôle récent des espaces protégés sur l’évolution des paysages à l’ouest du Burkina Faso. L’analyse porte à la fois sur le changement du paysage-objet, mais aussi sur les représentations que ces espaces nouvellement protégés cristallisent. À partir d’une cartographie multidate et d’enquêtes menées sur une dizaine de terroirs villageois, situés à la périphérie d’une forêt classée (province du Tuy), nous tentons de comprendre comment ce découpage étatique est actuellement lu par les agriculteurs. Dans les champs, à travers l’observation de la terre, des jachères et des changements agricoles, nous mettons en évidence différentes pratiques et perceptions du paysage par les agriculteurs. Les modalités d’accès au foncier fortement liées au contexte local (position sociale de l’individu, saturation spatiale du terroir) semblent fortement influencer les pratiques et les représentations du paysage. Malgré les importantes mutations relevées, nous remarquons la permanence de formes et de comportements (habitat, culture temporaire, bois sacrés…) attestant de la forte dynamique locale de ces campagnes du pays Bwa.
Le paysage urbain du centre ancien de Barcelone : outil d’analyse des processus de gentrification
Authors: Ter Minassian Hovig
Published: December 2021

L’article questionne les apports et les limites d’une analyse du paysage urbain, sur le mode du parcours photographique, dans la compréhension des différentes formes de gentrification du centre ancien de Barcelone. La première partie rappelle les enjeux paysagers de la politique publique de réhabilitation qui a cherché à revaloriser l’image d’un quartier longtemps considéré comme malfamé. La seconde partie présente la méthodologie, qui s’appuie sur une lecture sémiologique du paysage inspirée des travaux de la géographe Sylvie Rimbert et de l’architecte Grégoire Chelkoff. La dernière partie illustre, à travers trois exemples, les apports de l’analyse du paysage urbain, selon trois axes : les logiques d’échelles, l’inscription spatiale des transformations sociales dans le paysage urbain et le rôle des représentations dans la gentrification d’un quartier.
La finesse du paysage
Authors: Farinelli Franco
Published: December 2021

Dans « L’arguzia del paesaggio », l’article que nous présentons ici en traduction (et qui fait partie d’un essai publié dans « I segni del mondo », 1992) Franco Farinelli propose une lecture critique, ainsi qu’une analyse historico-philosophique du concept de paysage tel qu’il a été élaboré dans les sciences géographiques (et particulièrement dans la réflexion humboldtienne) et tel qu’il est envisagé aujourd’hui (l’article date pourtant de 1991) dans le domaine des sciences sociales.
Analysis of Cell Phone Biometric Sensors and Security Risk of the Sensors
Authors: James D'Tron , Al Momin Md Abdullah
Published: December 2021

Biometric sensors are becoming more commonplace in today's world. These biometric sensors are especially common in today's smartphones. Billions of smartphones use these sensors for security purposes, and these are slowly but surely replacing traditional forms of password authentication. Biometrics are commonly used to unlock devices and also for purchases. In this chapter, the focus will be on the most common types of biometrics featured in phones along with the sensors associated with them. Next, an analysis of the security risk of these sensors along with common attacks to exploit these risks are discussed. Lastly, various ways to patch and combat these various risks will be discussed.
Handwritten Signature Spoofing With Conditional Generative Adversarial Nets
Authors: Rabby Md Fazle , Al Momin Md Abdullah , Hei Xiali
Published: December 2021

Generative adversarial networks have been a highly focused research topic in computer vision, especially in image synthesis and image-to-image translation. There are a lot of variations in generative nets, and different GANs are suitable for different applications. In this chapter, the authors investigated conditional generative adversarial networks to generate fake images, such as handwritten signatures. The authors demonstrated an implementation of conditional generative adversarial networks, which can generate fake handwritten signatures according to a condition vector tailored by humans.
Generating Device Fingerprints for Smart Device Pairing Using the Unique Spectrum Characteristic From LEDs
Authors: Hossen Md Imran , Al Momin Md Abdullah , Hei Xiali
Published: December 2021

Currently, the vast majority of smart devices with LEDs are on the rise. It has been observed that the lights emitted by each LED have unique spectral characteristics. Despite the fact that there are a number of methods out there to generate fingerprints, none seem to explore the possibility of generating fingerprints using this unique feature. In this chapter, the method to perform device fingerprinting using the unique spectrum emitted from the LED lights is discussed. The generated fingerprint is then used in device pairing.
Teleoperated Surgical Robot Security
Authors: Al Momin Md Abdullah , Islam Md Nazmul
Published: December 2021

Technology has greatly increased the availability of medical procedures in remote locations that are difficult to access, such as battlefields. Teleoperated surgical robots can be used to perform surgeries on patients over the internet in remote locations. A surgeon can remotely operate the robot to perform a procedure in another room or in a different continent. However, security technology has not yet caught up to these cyber-physical devices. There exist potential cybersecurity attacks on these medical devices that could expose a patient to danger in contrast to traditional surgery. Hence, the security of the system is very important. A malicious actor can gain control of the device and potentially threaten the life of a patient. In this chapter, the authors conduct a survey of potential attack vectors a malicious actor could exploit to deny service to the device, gain control of the device, and steal patient data. Furthermore, after the vulnerability analysis, the authors provide mitigation techniques to limit the risk of these attack vectors.
Water Demand Management and Household Level Metering in Low-Income Areas of Urban Africa
Authors: Marson Marta
Published: December 2021

Increasing the level of water metering is an objective of most initiatives for the operational restructuring of African water utilities promoted by donors and development agencies from the 1990s. Water metering penetration is a common benchmarking indicator to measure the performances of water utilities. In contrast with other benchmarks and targets set for the African water sector, which remain largely unmet, water metering at household and at water point levels are quite successful. The study discusses the arguments behind the widespread acceptance of the target of 100% metering, focusing on the suitability of household level metering for low-income settlements of urban Africa. An empirical analysis shows that metering is not an effective water demand management tool for domestic consumption, probably due to the fact that average consumption is already low, and it can hardly be reduced further. The case study shows that universal metering ambitions might discourage household level connections.
Water Scarcity and Household Food Security
Authors: Zulu Nomfundo Nomcebo
Published: December 2021

The study employed the post-positivist epistemology to examine the impact of water scarcity to food security in three rural areas of Ulundi Local Municipality. A stratified random sampling technique was utilised to sample 400 respondents. Data was collected through self-designed questionnaires. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the variables. The findings showed a strong positive correlation between economic and social development, water access, and scarcity. There was also a positive relationship between water access and household food security. Water access also had a strong positive relationship with public health and development. The study concludes that water access influences food security, public health, human growth, and development. It is recommended that the municipality should improve water access in order to improve food security, public health, and development in the rural communities.
Assessment of the Realization of the Fundamental Human Right to Water at the Umalalazi Local Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Mnguni Asanda Buliswa
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study was to examine the municipal water resource governance and fundamental human rights to water in the UMlalazi Local Municipality of the KwaZulu-Natal Province. The study employed the post-positivist paradigm and closed ended questionnaires for collection of data. Stratified random sampling technique was used to sample 375 respondents, who were the households (head of households). Chi-square was used to determine relationships between the variables. The findings showed that most of the respondents strongly agreed that the 6kl of monthly water supply was not enough for meeting their domestic, consumptive, and hygiene needs. The municipality has a youthful population structure. Females were mostly affected by household water scarcity compared to their male counterparts. For the households, a day would be terribly difficult without this life-enabling commodity.
The Political Ecology of the Decentralized Water Management in Zimbabwe
Authors: Kusena Winmore
Published: December 2021

The chapter assesses the notion of local scale and decentralization that emanates from the IWRM principles. Evaluation of the benefits of decentralization was done through the political ecology lens that critically examines fairness and power struggles across spaces. Sanyati catchment was used to draw empirical evidence in light of the theoretical expectations of decentralization towards catchment water security. Qualitative approach was used to collect data. Interviews were the main sources of data collection. The findings showed that decentralization has failed to produce the desired results compared to what is assumed in the dominant narrative that highly esteems the decentralization management approach. The chapter showed that what brings results are not local scales and suggests that probably fair and transparent resource distribution and allocation at any scale may bring about water protection that does not trigger the tragedy of the commons.
Addressing Energy Poverty Through Ecological Governance of Solar Home Systems in South Africa
Authors: Netshiozwi Edzisani Ellen
Published: December 2021

South Africa has long recognised the need to eliminate energy poverty, and significant progress has been made since 1996. With the recent global outcry about the use of sustainable and clean energy sources for human and ecological development, it has become essential for countries to upscale the use of non-grid electrification in order to effectively and sustainably eradicate energy poverty. South Africa implements different non-grid electrification programmes which focuses on ensuring universal access to clean energy by all, with one of these initiatives being the Solar Home Systems Programme. This study aims to contribute to academic discussion and knowledge about the role that solar home systems can play in bringing change on the current status of the energy poverty eradication initiatives which negatively affect the environment and the people. The study used a qualitative approach in assessing how the Solar Home Systems Programme contributes to energy poverty eradication and environmental preservation if managed in line with ecological governance principles. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of 40 households in Limpopo and officials from government departments in the province as well as a service provider responsible for the roll-out and maintenance of solar home systems in Limpopo. Framed within the ecological economics theory which advocates for ecological and environmental solutions that take into consideration the future generation, the study established that the solar home systems can eradicate energy poverty and contribute to the protection of the environment if managed in line with ecological governance principles. The study further revealed that the Solar Home Systems Programme in South Africa failed due to lack of proper governance systems that provide solutions for the future as the programme was short-term focused and lacked proper ecological governance systems. In order for the solar home systems to contribute to energy poverty eradication and environmental protection, the study recommends a total overhaul of the programme which includes ensuring that the provision of SHSs is not viewed as a temporary measure that is only meant for poor rural households but a long-term and sustainable initiative.
Contribution of Mining Operations Towards Education, Healthcare, Food Security, Housing, Sports, and Recreation in Katanga Province of the DRC
Authors: Tshinu Germain Miteu
Published: December 2021

Some resource-rich countries face challenges when it comes to the socio-economic development of its employees and the community at large. This study seeks to examine Gecamines' contribution to the socio-economic conditions of its employees based in the Lubumbashi area and to some extent the province of Katanga under the rubric of resource curse theory. Through this study, lessons can be learnt from the findings on how state-owned mining companies could work on improving their socio-economic contributions in the interest of the employees and the entire population through generated revenues for the state. The study employed a case study design with a qualitative approach research in its endeavour of exploring Gecamines' socio-economic contribution to its employees in the city of Lubumbashi and the development of Katanga Province as a whole. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Gecamines' managers, unskilled mine workers, and the Provincial Department of Mines' officers in the city of Lubumbashi. The key findings from these interactions are that the company's low level of production caused by poor management, political interference, corruption, and poor institutions had negative ramifications on the socio-economic conditions of the workers. A remedy to these challenges lies in strengthening the country's institutions to fight corruption and poor management of parastatals. Autonomy of parastatals from political influence and control is also important to enable the company to play a crucial role in the socio-economic development of employees.
Mining and Water Supply in Marginalised Communities
Authors: Kamuti Tariro
Published: December 2021

The extractive industry and water security nexus for vulnerable communities that surround a mine has been a subject of debate in the Global South. The study aimed to identify and explain the impact of mining on the ability of vulnerable and marginalized communities to secure adequate and safe water. The study focused on Anglo-Platinum Mogalakwena Platinum on Ga-Molekana Village in Mogalakwena Municipality, Limpopo Province of South Africa. Key informant interviews were administered with community leaders, local community-based organizations, local councilors, and public officials at the national level. Focus group discussions were also conducted for older women and youth to share current experiences. The Mogalakwena Municipality provides water to the Ga-Molekane Community and the Mogalakwena Platinum Mine also intervenes by providing support in this regard. Perceptions about the adequacy of water to meet their household needs were varied, with some being positive considering their situation to be better than others, while some said water had become inadequate.
OS FUNDAMENTOS HUMANISTAS QUE SUSTENTAM O NOME ‘EDUCAÇÃO INTEGRAL’ NO CONTEXTO DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS EDUCACIONAIS BRASILEIRAS
Authors:   Universidade Castelo Branco, Sirino Marcio Bernardino , Ferreira Arthur Vianna ,   Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ)
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho, embasado numa perspectiva Pós-Estruturalista e Pós-Fundacionista (LOPES, 2013; VEIGA-NETO, 2012), utiliza-se da Teoria do Discurso, de Ernesto Laclau (LACLAU, 2011), para problematizar os fundamentos que sustentam o ‘nome’ (CUNHA; LOPES, 2013) Educação Integral no bojo de políticas públicas educacionais de educação em tempo integral e/ou, mesmo, parcial. Para esta finalidade, a investigação, de cunho bibliográfico, apresenta uma reflexão sobre três visões sociais de mundo (Conservadora, Liberal e Socialista) para desbravar estes fundamentos, entendendo, numa perspectiva derridiana, a necessidade de “deslocá-los, voltá-los contra seus pressupostos” (DERRIDA, 2001, p. 30). Aposta esta que oportunizou identificar cadeias de articulação discursivas que se associam a uma visão humanista de educação na qual a ‘integralidade’ que nela habita contemplaria uma formação humana mais completa (COELHO, 2009), comum às três matrizes ideológicas analisadas – evidenciando, portanto, um fundamento de unicidade na forma de compreender o ser humano pela impossibilidade de pluralização das diferentes formas de ser ‘humano’ (XIMENES, 2000); de busca, fantasmática (GLYNOS; HOWARTH, 2018), pelo seu desenvolvimento em totalidade atrelado à falta constitutiva que a teoria lacaniana aponta e a necessidade de produzir este ‘fechamento’; e, ainda, de atribuição à educação a possibilidade de “salvação” que, supostamente, daria conta do ‘caos’ social existente e dos processos de fragmentação impostos (CAVALIERE, 2009), entretanto, revelando, discursivamente, um humanismo não humano (BIESTA, 2017) que, diretamente, vem ancorando o nome Educação Integral em políticas e práticas, imbricadas, num tempo parcial ou ampliado.
FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE E O PROGRAMA DE RESIDENCIA PEDAGÓGICA
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Souza Ana Cristina Gonçalves Abreu , Mariano André Luiz Sena ,   Universidade Federal de Alfenas
Published: December 2021

ara trazer o objeto desta pesquisa, o artigo se apresenta em três discussões. A primeira trará as perspectivas críticas de abordagens teóricas de autores que tratam da formação docente e sua importância no contexto central de uma política pública que, de fato, assuma a Educação como um princípio que atue com qualidade, considerando que seus sujeitos permanentes, os docentes, devam ser formados a partir de contextos reais, múltiplos e nos diversos ambientes de ensino e aprendizagem. A segunda discussão pautará o Programa Residência Pedagógica tornando observáveis características da proposta, a fim de analisar seus desdobramentos. E na terceira discussão o texto trará recortes teóricos para pensarmos programas para a formação docente, a fim de afirmar sobre a importância da institucionalização de Políticas Públicas numa perspectiva crítica e emancipatória. O objetivo desta pesquisa é o de estabelecer apontamentos bibliográficos sobre a formação docente e evidenciar reflexões sobre o programa residência pedagógica a fim de apontar contribuições e retrocessos em relação a sua implantação nas universidades brasileiras. A partir de um levantamento bibliográfico, a pesquisa é de abordagem qualitativa e utilizará dos referenciais teóricos críticos pautados nas discussões de Nóvoa, Contreras, Marcelo Garcia, Mellouki e Gauthier o que subsidiará as análises em relação à compreensão de formação docente e o Programa da Residência Pedagógica como política pública na formação inicial de futuros professores. Apontamos, elementos para pensarmos a criação de um programa, considerando os desafios contemporâneos. Os estudos mostram a necessidade de resignificar o programa para que avancemos num projeto emancipatório de formação docente no Brasil.
DEMOCRACIA E CIDADANIA EM RISCO O DIREITO A EDUCAÇÃO SOB O COMANDO DE UM MAJORITARISMO TOTALITÁRIO
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Silveira Sebastião Sérgio da , Alves Felipe Freitas de Araújo ,   Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Menezes Heloísa Chubaci Bezerra De ,   Universidade de Ribeirão Preto
Published: December 2021

A onda crescente do movimento conservador e direitista que tomou conta do Brasil tem produzido importantes resultados sobre os rumos da Educação. A antiga e talvez esquecida movimentação acerca da aprovação de projetos de leis que pudessem embasar o ideal da Escola sem Partido (ESP) ganhou forças novas desde que o presidente eleito provou que o assunto não estava esquecido. Trata-se de projetos que buscam alterar a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da educação através da tipificação como crime de possíveis desvios adotados por professores que em sala de aula enfrentem assuntos que possam ser considerados como doutrinação política e ideológica. O projeto cerceia claramente a livre atuação dos professores e distancia os alunos de assuntos históricos, políticos, culturais libertadores. Arrastam para fora das escolas oportunidades de formar cidadãos críticos ao momento político (qualquer que seja ele) porque enfraquece a liberdade inerente a atividade docente. Em que pese seja o desejo da maioria dos brasileiros, que assim decidam de forma consciente ou não, resta analisar se existe incompatibilidade com as previsões constitucionais acerca do assunto. O Poder Judiciário poderá exercer seu controle contramajoritário para avaliar se grupos minoritários e vulneráveis podem ser afetados com a futura, porém quase certa, reforma que diminui o exercício e concreção de direitos coletivos e cidadania.
VALIDAÇÃO DE UM INSTRUMENTO DE AVALIAÇÃO DE ANÁLISE NA TEMÁTICA DE QUÍMICA AMBIENTAL NA COLEÇÃO QUÍMICA SER PROTAGONISTA PNLD 2018
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Soares Carla Juliana Silva , Silva Monique Gabriella Angelo da ,   Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Gonçalves Daisy Floering Brêda ,   Universidade Federal de Alagoas
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo analisou as categorias por meio das quais a Química Ambiental emerge em meio as questões da coleção Química Ser Protagonista (QSP). Foram selecionadas as questões que tinham como foco a abordagem de temas de Química Ambiental na coleção QSP, classificadas nessa obra como: “problemas”, “questões de vestibulares e ENEM”, “projetos” e “questões globais”. A organização dessas questões nos permitiu categorizá-las em eixos temáticos dentro da temática. Foram eles: água, agricultura, energia, indústrias, lixo e poluição. No entanto, em face da necessidade de garantir a qualidade dessa classificação, emergiu o seguinte problema de pesquisa: Como validar os eixos temáticos das questões de química ambiental da coleção QSP? Diante desse questionamento, essa pesquisa teve por objetivos: construir um instrumento para validação dos eixos temáticos das questões de química ambiental da coleção QSP; aplicar o instrumento junto a um grupo de docentes com titulação de licenciandos, graduados, mestres e doutores na área de Educação e Química; avaliar a consistência e fidedignidade dos resultados apontados na organização das categorias a partir de tratamento estatístico. O instrumento foi construído no Google Formulários e foi aplicado junto a 10 docentes. A consistência interna dos resultados foi mensurada a partir do coeficiente de Kuder-Richardson. O coeficiente de Kuder-Richardson obtido no processo de validação foi de 0.83, enquadrado pela literatura em uma janela de valores considerada muito boa. Esse resultado indica que o instrumento construído é válido para avaliação de questões que abordam temas de química ambiental em livros didáticos.
Associations of Prepregnancy Body Mass Index, Gestational Weight Gain, and Intelligence in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhu Si-Meng , He Yi-Chen , Zhang Chen , Wu Yan-Ting , Huang He-Feng
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective:

Increasing evidences have shown that prepregnancy maternal weight and gestational weight gain (GWG) may associate with offspring's neurodevelopment. However, the effects of prepregnancy maternal overweight, obesity, and excessive GWG on offspring's intelligence remain controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to re-assess the association between prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), GWG, and children's intelligence.

Methods:

We systematically searched multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Ovid Medline, from their inception through February 2021. Studies assessing the association between prepregnancy BMI or GWG and children's intelligence were further screened manually before final inclusion. Cohorts that analyzed the association between prepregnancy BMI or GWG and intelligence of offspring were included, and we used the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects method to compute the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of each study.

Results:

A total of 12 articles were included in this systematic review, while six of them in the meta-analysis. There was a significant full-scale IQ reduction in children born from overweight and obese mothers, with WMDs of -3.08 (95% CI: -4.02, -2.14) and -4.91 (95% CI: -6.40, -3.42), respectively. Compared with control group, the WMDs for performance and verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) were decreased in overweight and obesity groups. However, we observed no association between children's full-scale IQ and excessive GWG with WMD of -0.14 (95% CI: -0.92, 0.65).

Conclusions:

Women's prepregnancy overweight and obesity adversely associate with children's intelligence but no association with excessive GWG. Our study suggests that further researches focusing on the effect of prepregnancy maternal health on offspring's intelligence development are needed.
Cardiac Protective Effects of Proinflammatory Cytokines during Ischemia-Reperfusion
Authors: Li Li-Sha , Wu Hong , Wang Shu-Xia , Liu Sui-Xin , Lin Leng , Qi Da-Ke
Published: December 2021

Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) lead to an inflammatory response that causes cardiac injury and remodeling. However, increasing evidence suggests this is an over-simplified view. Several proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1α, interleukin-6, macrophage migration inhibitory factor and D-dopachrome tautomerase have been shown to improve cell survival and compensate energy deprivation during I/R. This review summarizes the recent findings that support protective role of proinflammatory cytokines against cardiac injury during acute I/R, as well as therapeutic ramifications of these findings.
The Role of Nursing Professionals and Challenges Encountered in the Effective Containment of the Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh
Published: December 2021

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which emerged in the form of a cluster of cases in a single city has spread around the globe at a rapid pace. The contribution of the nursing professionals in the effective containment of the ongoing pandemic has been immense. The purpose of the current review is to explore the role of nursing professionals in the effective containment of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out in the PubMed search engine and the World Health Organization website and a total of 19 articles were selected based on the suitability with the current review objectives. It will not come as a surprise that almost all the nations across the world were not well prepared to effectively respond to the outbreak and that was quite evident in terms of lacunae in planning, preparation, organization, and leadership. In fact, owing to the shortage of personal protective equipment, there was always a threat that any of the healthcare professionals would might become the next statistics in the ongoing pandemic. The issues encountered by the nursing professional were not simple and they essentially demand serious consideration to have a better response in the future. To conclude, the dynamics of life have changed and it is no longer the same. The nursing professionals displayed immense resilience and mental strength regardless of the workload and ethical dilemma. It is the need of the hour to support them and improve their quality of lives to sustain our battle against the ongoing pandemic.
Perceived Stress, Hardship, and Self-Reported Health Status of Persons Living with Diabetes Mellitus during Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic and Lockdown
Authors: Yasmin Masuma , Bhattacharyya Gargi Dutta , Ghosh Sujoy , Bandyopadhyay Kajari , Mukhopadhyay Dipta Kanti , Biswas Asit Kumar
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic and subsequent complete lockdown have resulted in a lot of difficulties in availing essential services including medical care, especially among the persons living with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The situation was complicated by stress and fear due to unknown nature of the pandemic during initial phases. This study aimed at measuring the perceived stress and hardship faced by persons living with DM and assessing their health status during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal.

Materials and Methods:

An institution-based, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among diagnosed cases of Type 2 DM attending diabetic clinic outpatient department using an interview technique with the help of a predesigned pretested questionnaire that consisted of variables such as perpetual and experiential stress, hardship, and selected self-reported health parameters.

Results:

Out of a total of 304 study participants, majority responded positively regarding the items of perpetual and experiential stress. However, 80.8% of participants reported the reduction of income, and about 75% of them faced hardship of various extent to manage medicine and diet with low income. Only 9.1% of participants used teleconsultation as a sole method for health checkups. About one-third of participants considered their mental health status as poor or very poor, whereas two-third considered their physical health as good or excellent.

Conclusion:

Although our study participants did not have much stress or deterioration of health during lockdown, their income and regular care were affected to a certain extent. This emphasizes the need for context-specific measures.
Symptomatology and Outcome of Acute COVID-19 Illness in Children at Faridabad, India
Authors: Gupta Priyanka , Bhinder Onkar Singh , Gupta Vipul , Ahuja Abhinav , Pandey Anil Kumar , Mandal Ravi R. N.
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

The surveillance case definitions for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children adapted from adult guidelines emphasized the presence of fever and/or respiratory symptoms as the criteria for suspicion and testing. The clinical course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Indian children is still not well described.

Materials and Methods:

This observational study was done at a dedicated COVID-19 tertiary care hospital of Haryana, India, between April 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020, with due approval of Institutional Ethics Committee. A total of 86 SARS-CoV-2 positive inpatient children in the age group of 1 month − 12 years were enrolled to outline the clinical course and outcome of acute illness longitudinally over initial 2 weeks of infection. Clinical management and hospital discharge policy was guided by public health authorities and prevailing scientific evidence which were updated and notified time to time as the pandemic evolved. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the study variables.

Results:

Majority children (48/86; 56%) remained asymptomatic throughout 2-week surveillance period, 35 (41%) suffered mild, 2 (2%) moderate, and 1 (1%) severe disease. All children had intact survival. Comorbid condition(s) were present in five (6%) children. Among infants and the subset of children with premorbid condition(s), the proportion of children suffering symptomatic illness (88% and 80%, respectively) and moderate-severe illness (25% and 40%, respectively) was quite high. Respiratory symptoms (68%) and fever (50%) were the most common symptoms. Gastrointestinal symptoms were present in 26% symptomatic children. Fever was the only symptom in 11% children; and 16% children had only gastrointestinal symptoms without any fever or respiratory symptom(s).

Conclusion:

Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is commonly asymptomatic, or a mild illness with not only respiratory but also non-respiratory manifestations. Thus, a high index of suspicion for SARS-CoV-2 infection is required by the treating physicians in this subgroup of population as they might play an important role in virus transmission and amplification. In case the testing is deferred among asymptomatic contacts or children with mild symptoms, they may be presumed SARS-CoV-2 infected, isolated, and managed accordingly.