bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A taxonomic revision of the genus Phyxioschema (Araneae, Dipluridae), I: species from Thailand
Authors: SCHWENDINGER PETER J.
Published: July 2019

Phyxioschema suthepium Raven & Schwendinger, 1989 is revised and additional taxonomic characters and localities are given. Males and females of five new species are described: Phyxioschema erawan sp. n. (northern and western central Thailand), P. huberi sp. n. (southern Thailand), P. sayamense sp. n. (southern Thailand), P. eripnastes sp. n. (southern Thailand) and P. spelaeum sp. n. (southern Thailand). Notes are given on habitat, phenology and reproductive behaviour of all these species. Taxonomic characters are discussed and considerable variation in the genitalia of some species is shown. An hypothesis on the relationships between the currently known Phyxioschema species is presented.
Redescription and mitochondrial identification of Chiromantes boulengeri (Calman, 1920) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) based on fresh material from the Persian Gulf, Iran
Authors: NADERLOO REZA , SCHUBART CHRISTOPH D.
Published: July 2019

Chiromantes boulengeri (Calman, 1920) is redescribed based on fresh material from Iran. The species is morphologically more similar to C. dehaani (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) than both of these species are to the type species of the genus, C. haematocheir (De Haan, 1833). Results from mitochondrial DNA, however, propose a closer sister species relationship of the two East Asian species, C. haematocheir (De Haan, 1833) and C. dehaani.
Optical characterization and redescription of the South Pacific firefly Bourgeoisia hypocrita Olivier (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
Authors: DEHEYN DIMITRI D. , BALLANTYNE LESLEY A.
Published: July 2019

Bourgeoisia hypocrita Olivier is an atypical species of firefly where males lack light organs in ventrite 7 and have reduced light organs in ventrite 6 and may not produce light at all, while females are flightless and produce a long-lasting glow (up to tens of seconds). Here, photobiology of females is described for the first time. Colour of produced bioluminescence ranges in the green to yellow/green. Spectrum is unimodal peaking at 575–595 nm but more complex than other fireflies in having two shoulders at 545–550 nm and 600–610 nm. A taxonomic re-examination of the species based on recent collections and type material shows that larvae and adults exhibit a peculiar dark pigmentation. Fluorescence and absorbance of adult extracts indicate this pigmentation could be involved in UV protection, in addition to possibly serving as cryptic camouflage. Fluorescence and absorbance of eggs, which have a light gold colour, indicate the luminous compound could be used as an antioxidant during this early life stage. Overall, the signal of bioluminescence shows characteristics of a basal system of flash communication in B. hypocrita, which associates light production not only to visual communication but also possibly to UV and/or free radicals protective mechanisms.
New names for some bryozoan homonyms
Authors: GORDON DENNIS P.
Published: July 2019

Replacement names are proposed for five bryozoan homonyms, affecting four genera and one species. Harpagozoon n. nov. replaces Harpago Gordon, 1989, a junior homonym of Harpago Adams, 1854 (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Ijimaiellia nom. nov. replaces Ijimaia Gordon & d’Hondt, 1997, a junior homonym of Ijimaia Sauter, 1905 (Chordata, Actinopterygii); and Reteporella aurantium nom. nov. replaces Reteporella aurantiaca Gordon, 2009, a secondary homonym of R. aurantiaca (MacGillivray, 1883). Reussinella nom. nov. replaces Reussina Kluge, 1962 (with nominal type species Escharina impressa Reuss, 1846), which is a junior homonym of Reussina Neviani, 1896. This taxon also represents a case of a misidentified type species, renamed as Euritina arctica by Osburn (1950), but a new genus name is needed as the species does not belong to Euritina. Leiosellina nom. nov. replaces Leiosella Canu & Bassler, 1917, a junior homonym of Leiosella Lendenfeld 1889 (Porifera). None of the proposed new generic names is listed in the online version of Nomenclator Zoologicus.
Morphology of pupae of five species of the genus Bembecia—group ichneumoniformis (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)
Authors: BĄKOWSKI MAREK , FAJFER DANIEL
Published: July 2019

This work presents the first descriptions of the pupal morphology of five species of western Palaearctic clearwing moths Bembecia abromeiti Kallies & Riefenstahl, 2000, B. handiensis (Rämisch, 1997), B. lomatiaeformis (Lederer, 1853), B. psoraleae Bartsch & Bettag, 1997, and B. vulcanica (Pinker, 1969) in the genus Bembecia—subgroup ichneumoniformis. The main morphological features are described and illustrated with photographs and line drawings. Diagnostic characters, as well a key for the determination of pupae of the studied species and related taxa, Bembecia ichneumoniformis (Denis & Schiffermüler, 1775) and B. albanensis (Rebel, 1918) are presented.
Additional data on the herpetological collection of Louis Amédée Lantz (1886–1953), with emphasis on specimens in the Natural History Museum, London
Authors: INEICH IVAN , DORONIN IGOR V. , CHEYLAN MARC , CAMPBELL PATRICK D.
Published: July 2019

Several recent papers have reviewed the life and work of French herpetologist Louis Amédée Lantz. They have detailed the composition of his collections deposited in several museums. However, since then, several other important specimens from his collections deposited at the Natural History Museum (NHM, UK) have come to light and we here present all of them in detail. We discovered paralectotypes of Lacerta saxicola obscura Lantz & Cyrén (BMNH 1918.11.21.5–7), syntypes of Lacerta boemica Sukhov (BMNH 1960.1.4.26–30, BMNH 1965.337–342) and Lacerta viridis media Lantz & Cyrén (BMNH 1960.1.4.25, 1966.512). We also identified numerous specimens from the French Mediterranean islands in Lantz’s collection deposited at the NHM, some of which represent the first reported specimens of their species from certain islands. We here provide data on all these specimens. We also place the Mediterranean island specimens from the Lantz collection in their historical context and emphasize the historical and taxonomic value of these collections.
A new genus of Pexicopiini (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) for “Gelechia” acanthopis Meyrick, 1932, with review of functional morphology of male genitalia in allied genera
Authors: SOHN JAE-CHEON , PONOMARENKO MARGARITA G. , SAKAMAKI YOSITAKA
Published: July 2019

The systematic status of Gelechia acanthopis Meyrick, 1932 is reviewed. The general and functional morphology of the male genitalia merits a new genus in Pexicopiini, Sitotrogoides gen. nov., for G. acanthopis. The musculoskeletal apparatus of the male genitalia in Sitotrogoides is described for the first time and compared with allied genera. The taxonomic position of the genus Sitotrogoides is determined within the tribe Pexicopiini. The lack of the muscle m3 is suggested as a characteristic associating Sitotrogoides with Sitotroga and differing from all other genera in Pexicopiini. The type species of Sitotrogoides, Gelechia acanthopis Meyrick is redescribed. Our new records of Sitotrogoides acanthopis from Korea suggest its extended distribution out of Japan.
Inversion Climatology in High-Production Agricultural Regions of Missouri and Implications for Pesticide Applications
Authors: Bish Mandy D. , Guinan Patrick E. , Bradley Kevin W.
Published: July 2019

Most pesticides applied in the United States have labels that include language prohibiting application during temperature inversions. This restriction, which is well known and is followed by aerial pesticide applicators, has more recently become a focus for ground pesticide applicators. This is partially due to the recent introduction of genetically engineered soybean and cotton with tolerance to dicamba herbicide. Dicamba has been utilized for more than 50 years to control weeds in grain crops, such as corn. In 2017, dicamba was approved for use in dicamba-tolerant soybean and cotton. In 2017 and 2018, dicamba movement onto nontarget plants was substantial. As based on patterns of injury to nontolerant crops and time of applications, some of which occurred during the evening, inversions were likely contributors to off-target movement. Historically, most research on surface temperature inversions and pesticides focused on aerial applications. Research presented here focused on development of inversion profiles at atmospheric heights relevant to ground applications, which typically occur 46–107 cm above ground level (AGL). During the 2015–17 soybean growing seasons, data were collected at three heights AGL (46, 168, and 305 cm) in three soybean-producing regions of Missouri to characterize inversions. Over 600 inversions were characterized; all were nocturnal in nature. Inversions typically lasted overnight at two locations; duration varied at the third. The largest temperature difference recorded was 6°C. This research has resulted in real-time inversion monitoring that is available online to applicators (http://agebb.missouri.edu/weather/realTime/maps/index.php#temp_inversion), and the data generated can be utilized to improve accuracy of low-level inversion forecasting models.
Impacts of Summer North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies on the East Asian Winter Monsoon Variability
Authors: Chen Zhang , Wu Renguang , Wang Zhibiao
Published: July 2019

The present study investigates the impacts of the North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies on the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) variability. It is found that the northern component of the EAWM variability is associated with a dipole pattern of preceding summer North Atlantic SST anomalies during 1979–2016. The processes linking preceding summer North Atlantic SST to EAWM include the North Atlantic air–sea interactions and atmospheric wave train triggered by the North Atlantic SST anomalies. Atmospheric wind anomalies in the preceding spring–summer result in the formation of a dipole SST anomaly pattern through surface heat flux changes. In turn, the induced SST anomalies provide a feedback on the atmosphere, modifying the location and intensity of anomalous winds over the North Atlantic. The associated surface heat flux anomalies switch the North Atlantic SST anomaly distribution from a dipole pattern in summer to a tripole pattern in the following winter. The North Atlantic tripole SST anomalies excite an atmospheric wave train extending from the North Atlantic through Eurasia to East Asia in winter, resulting in anomalous EAWM. However, the relationship of the northern component of EAWM to preceding summer North Atlantic SST anomalies is weak before the late 1970s. During 1956–76, due to weak air–sea interaction over the North Atlantic, no obvious tripole SST anomaly pattern is established in winter. The atmospheric wave train in winter is located at higher latitudes, leading to a weak connection between the northern component of EAWM and the preceding summer North Atlantic dipole SST anomaly pattern.
Limb Correction of Geostationary Infrared Imagery in Clear and Cloudy Regions to Improve Interpretation of RGB Composites for Real-Time Applications
Authors: Elmer Nicholas J. , Berndt Emily , Jedlovec Gary , Fuell Kevin
Published: July 2019

Red–green–blue (RGB) composites are increasingly used by operational forecasters to interpret vast amounts of satellite imagery by reducing several bands into a single, easily understood product which identifies important atmospheric features with unique colors. Limb effects, a result of an increase in optical pathlength of the absorbing atmosphere between the satellite and Earth as viewing zenith angle increases, adversely affects RGB composite interpretation by causing anomalous reductions in brightness temperature, thus changing the color interpretation of the RGB composites. In a previous paper, Elmer et al. demonstrated a limb correction technique that effectively removes limb effects from polar-orbiting infrared channels in both clear and cloudy regions using latitudinally and seasonally varying correction coefficients. This study applies the Elmer et al. limb correction to Air Mass RGB composites derived from geostationary sensors and compares the limb-corrected geostationary imagery to limb-corrected polar-orbiter imagery and satellite-derived atmospheric profiles. A statistical comparison in overlapping regions shows that the limb correction reduces the absolute mean brightness temperature difference from 4–12 K to 0–2 K for all infrared bands, demonstrating that the Elmer et al. limb correction algorithm is a robust method of removing limb effects from infrared imagery derived from both geostationary and polar-orbiting sensors. The limb-corrected RGB composites derived from geostationary sensors present several advantages, including the improved depiction of atmospheric features and enabling wider use of imagery from overlapping geostationary coverage regions where viewing zenith angles are large for both geostationary sensors.
Introducing Along-Track Error Correlations for Altimetry Data in a Regional Ocean Prediction System
Authors: Storto Andrea , Oddo Paolo , Cozzani Elisa , Coelho Emanuel Ferreira
Published: July 2019

Because of the systematic error in the processing of altimetry data, sea level anomaly (SLA) observation errors are likely affected by nonnegligible spatial correlations. To account for these, we exploit the synergy of altimetry data with in situ profiles from gliders, piloted to follow the altimetry tracks during the Long-Term Glider Mission for Environmental Characterization 2017 (LOGMEC17) observational campaign in the Ligurian Sea. The assimilation of along-track unfiltered sea level anomalies in a regional ocean analysis and forecast system is consequently optimized by means of introducing spatial correlations for the SLA observation errors. In particular, collocated data of glider and altimetry are used to derive an along-track error covariance model for the sea level anomaly assimilation, assuming that most of the covariance behavior versus separation distance stems from altimetry. Spatial scales of the altimetry error are found to have a correlation radius of about 12 km for the dataset utilized in the Ligurian Sea, using a simple Gaussian shape for the error correlation, shorter than the correlation radius found through assimilation output diagnostics. A variational data assimilation system is modified to relax the usual assumption of uncorrelated altimetry observation errors, thus allowing for along-track error correlations. Its implementation provides promising results in the regional ocean prediction system, outperforming in most verification skill scores the use of uncorrelated observational errors without compromising the analysis scheme efficiency.
A Method on Estimating Time-Varying Vertical Eddy Viscosity for an Ekman Layer Model with Data Assimilation
Authors: Zhang Jicai , Li Guoqing , Yi Jiacheng , Gao Yanqiu , Cao Anzhou
Published: July 2019

Temporal vertical eddy viscosity coefficient (VEVC) in an Ekman layer model is estimated using an adjoint method. Twin experiments are carried out to investigate the influences of several factors on inversion results, and the conclusions of twin experiments are 1) the adjoint method is a capable method to estimate different kinds of temporal distributions of VEVCs; 2) the gradient descent algorithm is better than CONMIN and L-BFGS for the present problem, although the posterior two algorithms perform better on convergence efficiency; 3) inversion results are sensitive to initial guesses; 4) the model is applicable to different wind conditions; 5) the inversion result with thick boundary layer depth (BLD) is slightly better than thin BLD; 6) inversion results are more sensitive to observations in upper layers than those in lower layers; 7) inversion results are still acceptable when data noise exists, indicating the method can sustain noise to a certain degree; 8) a regularization method is proved to be useful to improve the results for present problem; and 9) the present method can tolerate the existence of balance errors due to the imperfection of governing equations. The methodology is further validated in practical experiments where Ekman currents are derived from Bermuda Testbed Mooring data and assimilated. Modeled Ekman currents coincide well with observed ones, especially for upper layers. The results demonstrate that the assumptions of depth dependence and time dependence are equally important for VEVCs. The feasibility of the typical Ekman model, the imperfection of Ekman balance equations, and the deficiencies of the present method are discussed. This method provides a potential way to realize the time variations of VEVCs in ocean models.
Concerns About Verbal Communication in the Operating Room: A Field Study
Authors: Garosi Ehsan , Kalantari Reza , Zanjirani Farahani Ahmad , Zuaktafi Mojgan , Hosseinzadeh Roknabadi Esmaeil , Bakhshi Ehsan
Published: July 2019

Objective

To assess verbal communication patterns which could contribute to poor performance among surgical team members in an operating room.

Background

There exist certain challenges in communication in health care settings. Poor communication can have negative effects on the performance of a surgical team and patient safety. A communication pattern may be associated with poor performance when the process of sending and receiving information is interrupted or the content of conversation is not useful.

Method

This cross-sectional field study was conducted with 54 surgical teams working in two Iranian hospitals during 2015. Two observers recorded all verbal communications in an operating room. An in-depth assessment of various annotated transcripts by an expert panel was used to assess verbal communication patterns in the operating room.

Results

Verbal communication patterns which could contribute to poor performance were observed in 63% of the surgeries, categorized as communication failures (17 events), protests (23 events), and irrelevant conversations (164 events). The anesthesiologists and the circulating nurses had the most concerning communication patterns. The failure of devices and poor planning were important factors that contributed to concerning patterns.

Conclusion

Concerning patterns of verbal communication are not rare in operating rooms. Analyzing the annotated transcripts of surgeries can conduce to identifying all these patterns, and their causes. Concerning communication patterns can be reduced in the operating room by providing interventions, properly planning for surgeries, and fixing defective devices.

Application

The method used in this study can be followed to assess communication problems in operating rooms and to find solutions.
How Should We Now Conceptualize Protest, Diffusion, and Regime Change?
Authors: Hale Henry E.
Published: July 2019

Brancati and Lucardi’s findings on the absence of “democracy protest” diffusion across borders raise important questions for the future of protest studies. I argue that this subfield would benefit from a stronger engagement with theory (in general) and from a “patronal politics” perspective (in particular) when it comes to researching protest in non-democratic regimes. This means curtailing a widespread practice of linking the study of protest with the study of democratization, questioning the dominant “contentious politics” framework as commonly conceptualized, and instead focusing more on the central role of patronal network coordination dynamics (especially elite splits) in driving both protest and the potential for regime change. This perspective emphasizes the role of domestically generated succession expectations and public opinion in generating the most meaningful elite splits, and reveals how protests can be important instruments in the resulting power struggles among rival networks. It accounts not only for why democracy protests do not diffuse from neighbor state to neighbor state as per Brancati and Lucardi, but also for the timing and distribution of protests related to the 1989 downfall of communist systems in Europe, the post-Soviet Color Revolutions of 2003-05, the collapse of regimes in the 2011 Arab Spring, and the apparent failure of many other protest attempts to force far-reaching regime change.
The Coptic divorce struggle in contemporary Egypt
Authors: Elsässer Sebastian
Published: July 2019

Since his accession in 2012, Coptic Orthodox Pope Tawadros II has initiated a number of reforms within the church, including a major overhaul of the church court system and the introduction of more liberal provisions concerning divorces. This article explores the historical development and current state of divorce and divorce law within the Coptic Orthodox Community in Egypt and the complex interactions between Coptic citizens, their church, and state courts. Scrutinising interviews and press statements by the new pope and senior clerics, it investigates their ideas of Coptic family law and their justification for changing the Church’s approach to the divorce issue. It also takes the perspective of divorced Copts and looks at the myriad paths people have been following in search of legal and administrative loopholes, and assesses the impact that the new regulations will have on their lives.
Collaborative Innovation or Opportunistic Behavior? Evidence from the Relational Governance of Tourism Enterprises
Authors: Gezhi Chen , Jingyan Liu , Xiang Huang
Published: July 2019

Relational norms are often used to govern interfirm relationships. However, an emerging stream of work has identified their potential “dark sides.” This study examines why and when the benefits or drawbacks occur. Based on a survey of tourism enterprises in China, an integrative model composed of relational norms, commitment, relationship performance (including collaborative innovation and opportunistic behavior), and substitutability is confirmed. The results show that the effectiveness of relational norms depends on the partner’s commitment types and the contexts in which those norms are embedded. Although relational norms promote collaborative innovation through both the calculative and affective commitment, they are likely to foster the partner’s opportunistic behavior through calculative commitment. The substitutability of a tourism enterprise is found to influence the strength of the relationships between relational norms and the two types of commitment. These findings offer important implications for tourism businesses.
Composite hierarchical anti-disturbance control for stochastic systems with multiple heterogeneous disturbances
Authors: Wei Yongli , Wei Xinjiang , Zhang Huifeng , Han Jian
Published: July 2019

This paper studies the problem of anti-disturbance control for a class of stochastic systems with multiple heterogeneous disturbances, which include the white noise and the non-harmonic disturbance with unknown nonlinear function. An adaptive disturbance observer is constructed to estimate the non-harmonic disturbances with unknown nonlinear function, which is approximated by neural network. A composite hierarchical anti-disturbance control (CHADC) scheme is designed by integrated Lyapunov function and linear matrix inequality (LMI), such that the expected dynamic performance of the composite system is achieved. Finally, simulations show that the approach is proper and effective.
Role of shortwave and microwave diathermy in peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Fu Tengfei , Lineaweaver William C. , Zhang Feng , Zhang Jian
Published: July 2019

Objective

This study was performed to review the current evidence for the efficacy of shortwave and microwave diathermy in promoting nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injuries in both animal models and human patients.

Methods

An extensive literature search was conducted without publication data restrictions. Studies including the intervention and outcome in animal or human models were selected. Non-English studies, reviews, letters, and case reports were excluded.

Results

Eleven articles were included in this study. Shortwave diathermy at the frequency of 27.12 or 40.68 MHz was used in six of seven animal studies, while only one study utilized microwave diathermy at 915 MHz. Seven animal experiments demonstrated that shortwave or microwave diathermy produces an increased myelinated nerve fiber number, myelin sheath thickness, and axon diameter as well as improved electrophysiological parameters and locomotion. A total of 128 patients (207 wrists) were enrolled in four clinical studies. The clinical use of diathermy in human patients with carpal tunnel syndrome showed positive effects on pain, hand function, and electrophysiological findings.

Conclusions

Shortwave or microwave diathermy can improve the electrophysiological parameters, myelinated fiber number, and axon diameter of the injured nerve.
Reducing catheter-associated complications using 4% sodium citrate versus sodium heparin as a catheter lock solution
Authors: Huang He-ming , Jiang Xin , Meng Ling-bing , Di Chen-yi , Guo Peng , Qiu Yong , Dai Ya-lun , Lv Xian-qiang , Shi Chang-jin
Published: July 2019

Objective

Use of a catheter lock solution plays a decisive role in vascular access. The effects of different concentrations of heparin and different types of catheter lock solutions are controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of sodium citrate and sodium heparin catheter lock solutions.

Methods

A total of 120 patients were divided into four groups (30 patients per group) according to the use of catheter lock solution as follows: 6250 U/mL sodium heparin, 5000 U/mL sodium heparin, 2500 U/mL sodium heparin, and 4% sodium citrate. Coagulation function and the incidence of catheter occlusion, hemorrhage, and catheter-related infections were recorded.

Results

The different catheter lock solutions were significantly related to conduit blockage, hemorrhage, infection, and leakage levels. In the 4% sodium citrate group, the odds ratio was 0.688 for conduit blockage (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.206–2.297), 0.286 for hemorrhage (95% CI, 0.091–0.899), 0.266 for infection (95% CI, 0.073–0.964), and 0.416 for leakage (95% CI, 0.141–1.225) compared with the 6250 U/mL sodium heparin.

Conclusions

The solution 4% sodium citrate can effectively reduce the risk of catheter obstruction, bleeding, infection, and leakage better than sodium heparin in patients with long-term intravenous indwelling catheters.
Subjective score and outcomes after discharge from the intensive care unit: a prospective observational study
Authors: Taniguchi Leandro Utino , Ramos Fernando José da Silva , Momma Arthur Khan , Martins Filho Antônio Paulo Ramos , Bartocci Juliana Jardim , Lopes Maria Fernanda Dias , Sad Matheus Horta , Rodrigues Cinthia Mendes , Pires Siqueira Ellen Maria , Vieira José Mauro
Published: July 2019

Objective

Intensive care unit (ICU) discharge is a decision process that is usually performed subjectively. We evaluated whether a subjective score (Sabadell score) is associated with hospital outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study from August 2014 to May 2015 at a tertiary-care private hospital in Brazil. We analyzed 425 patients who were discharged alive from the ICU to the wards. We used univariate and multivariate analysis to identify risk factors associated with a composite endpoint of worse outcomes (later ICU readmission or ward death) during the same hospitalization.

Results

Forty-three patients (10.1%) were readmitted after ICU discharge, and 19 died in the ward. Compared with patients with successful outcomes, those with the composite endpoint were older and more severely ill, had a nonsurgical reason for hospitalization, more frequently came from the ward, were less frequently independent during daily activities, had sepsis, had higher C-reactive protein concentrations at ICU admission, and had higher Sabadell scores at discharge. The multivariate analysis showed that sepsis and the Sabadell score were independently and significantly associated with worse outcomes.

Conclusion

Sepsis at admission and the Sabadell score were predictors of worse hospital outcomes. The Sabadell score might be a promising predictive tool.
Whole exome sequencing aids the diagnosis of Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome in two male fetuses
Authors: Xiang Jingjing , Zhang Qin , Song Xiaoyan , Liu Yinghua , Li Haibo , Li Hong , Wang Ting
Published: July 2019

Objective

To diagnose and explore the genetic aetiology of Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome type 1 (SGBS1) in two male fetuses.

Methods

Prenatal ultrasound scans and further genetic analysis using karyotype analysis, chromosomal microarray analysis, whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were conducted.

Results

Prenatal ultrasound scans of two fetuses showed multiple congenital anomalies and hydramnios. Subsequent to termination of the pregnancies, a novel nonsense variant (c.892G>T, p.E298*) in the glypican 3 ( GPC3) gene of the two fetuses was identified by WES and further confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The two fetuses were diagnosed with SGBS1. The mother was heterozygous for the c.892G>T variant.

Conclusion

This study describes the prenatal sonographic features of SGBS1, emphasizes the role of WES in the diagnosis of SGBS1 and expands the known mutation spectrum of the GPC3 gene.
Early Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome Provides Superior Outcomes When Compared With Delaying Surgical Treatment Beyond 6 Months
Authors: Kunze Kyle N. , Beck Edward C. , Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Ahn Junyoung , Nho Shane J.
Published: July 2019

Background:

There is literature on the association between chronic preoperative pain and worse outcomes among patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). However, there are few data on whether there is an optimum window that provides the best midterm surgical outcomes.

Purpose:

To assess the outcomes of hip arthroscopy for FAIS according to timing of surgical intervention.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients undergoing arthroscopic intervention for FAIS with a minimum 2-year follow-up were included. All patients completed the Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), Hip Outcome Score–Sport Specific (HOS-SS), modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), International Hip Outcome Tool–12 (iHOT-12), and visual analog scales for pain and satisfaction. Patients were stratified by preoperative symptom duration. We compared 3 to 6 months of symptoms with other subsequent time frames (>6-12, >12-24, and >24 months). Clinically significant outcome was determined with the minimal clinically important difference and patient acceptable symptomatic state.

Results:

A total of 1049 patients were included (mean ± SD: age, 32.3 ± 12.4 years; follow-up, 30.8 ± 6.7 months). Patients undergoing surgery at 3 to 6 months of symptoms had no significant differences in outcome when compared with those in the >6- to 12-month group except for the iHOT-12 ( P = .028). Patients with symptom duration of >12 to 24 months and >24 months had worse outcomes across all measures ( P < .001). Surgery within 3 to 6 months of symptoms was predictive for achieving the minimal clinically important difference on the HOS-ADL (odds ratio [OR], 1.81; 95% CI, 1.20-2.73) and HOS-SS (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.11-3.17), as well as the patient acceptable symptomatic state on the HOS-ADL (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.34-2.56) and HOS-SS (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.14-2.18), when compared with the other groups. In multivariate regression analysis, symptom duration was predictive of visual analog scale for pain (β = 3.10; 95% CI, 1.56-4.63; P < .001) and satisfaction (β = −4.16; 95% CI, −6.14 to −2.18; P < .001).

Conclusion:

Among patients with FAIS, surgical intervention early after the onset of symptoms (3-6 months) was associated with superior postoperative outcomes when compared with patients who underwent surgical intervention beyond this time frame. This information may help guide preoperative decision making regarding delay of surgery. These findings should be confirmed in a prospective study.
Risk Factors for Opioid Use After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Rao Anita G. , Chan Priscilla H. , Prentice Heather A. , Paxton Elizabeth W. , Funahashi Tadashi T. , Maletis Gregory B.
Published: July 2019

Background:

The misuse of opioid medications has contributed to a significant national crisis affecting public health as well as patient morbidity and medical costs. After orthopaedic surgical procedures, patients may require prescription (Rx) opioid medication, which can fuel the opioid epidemic. Opioid Rx usage after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is not well characterized.

Purpose:

To determine baseline utilization of Rx opioids in patients undergoing ACLR and examine demographic, patient, and surgical factors associated with greater and prolonged postoperative opioid utilization.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Primary elective ACLRs were identified using Kaiser Permanente’s ACLR registry (2005-2015). We studied the association of perioperative risk factors on the number of dispensed opioid Rx in the early (0-90 days) and late (91-360 days) postoperative recovery periods using logistic regression.

Results:

Of 21,202 ACLRs, 25.5% used at least 1 opioid Rx in the 1-year preoperative period; 17.7% and 2.7% used ≥2 opioid Rx in the early and late recovery periods, respectively. Risk factors associated with greater opioid Rx in both the early and the late periods included the following: ≥2 preoperative opioid Rx, age ≥20 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification ≥3, other activity at the time of injury, chondroplasty, chronic pulmonary disease, and substance abuse. Risk factors associated with opioid Rx use during the early period only included the following: other race, acute injury, meniscal injury repair, multiligament injury, and dementia/psychosis. Risk factors associated with greater opioid Rx during the late period only included the following: 1 preoperative opioid Rx, female sex, body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, motor vehicle accident as the mechanism of injury, and hypertension.

Conclusion:

A quarter of ACLR patients had at least 1 opioid Rx before the procedure, but usage dropped to 2.7% toward the end of the postoperative year. We identified several perioperative risk factors for greater and prolonged opioid usage after ACLR.
Effect of a New Rule Limiting Full Contact Practice on the Incidence of Sport-Related Concussion in High School Football Players
Authors: Pfaller Adam Y. , Brooks M. Alison , Hetzel Scott , McGuine Timothy A.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Sport-related concussion (SRC) has been associated with cognitive impairment, depression, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. American football is the most popular sport among males in the United States and has one of the highest concussion rates among high school sports. Measured head impacts and concussions are approximately 4 times more common in contact practices compared with noncontact practices. The Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association passed new rules defining and limiting contact during practice before the 2014 football season.

Purpose:

To determine if the SRC rate is lower after a rule change that limited the amount and duration of full-contact activities during high school football practice sessions.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 2081 high school football athletes enrolled and participated in the study in 2012-2013 (before the rule change), and 945 players participated in the study in 2014 (after the rule change). Players self-reported previous concussion and demographic information. Athletic trainers recorded athlete exposures (AEs), concussion incidence, and days lost for each SRC. Chi-square tests were used to compare the incidence of SRC in prerule 2012-2013 seasons with the incidence in the postrule 2014 season. Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to determine differences in days lost because of SRC.

Results:

A total of 67 players (7.1%) sustained 70 SRCs in 2014. The overall rate of SRC per 1000 AEs was 1.28 in 2014 as compared with 1.58 in 2012-2013 ( P = .139). The rate of SRC sustained overall in practice was significantly lower ( P = .003) after the rule change in 2014 (15 SRCs, 0.33 per 1000 AEs) as compared with prerule 2012-2013 (86 SRCs, 0.76 per 1000 AEs). There was no difference ( P = .999) in the rate of SRC sustained in games before (5.81 per 1000 AEs) and after (5.74 per 1000 AEs) the rule change. There was no difference ( P = .967) in days lost from SRC before (13 days lost [interquartile range, 10-18]) and after (14 days lost [interquartile range, 10-16]) the rule change.

Conclusion:

The rate of SRC sustained in high school football practice decreased by 57% after a rule change limiting the amount and duration of full-contact activities, with no change in competition concussion rate. Limitations on contact during high school football practice may be one effective measure to reduce the incidence of SRC.
Understanding Engagement with a Physical Health Service: A Qualitative Study of Patients with Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Melamed Osnat C. , Fernando Indira , Soklaridis Sophie , Hahn Margaret K. , LeMessurier Kirk W. , Taylor Valerie H.
Published: July 2019

Objective:

Individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) are disproportionally affected by medical comorbidities, resulting in poor physical health and premature death. Despite this, care for chronic medical conditions is suboptimal, and there is limited research that explores this phenomenon from the patient’s perspective. The aim of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators of engagement with a physical health service experienced by individuals with SMI.

Methods:

Adults with SMI were recruited from a large psychiatric hospital and offered referral to a physical health service focused on the prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes. Interviews were conducted at referral, 3, and 6 months. Data from 56 interviews of 24 participants were analyzed using the framework method to identify factors influencing engagement.

Results:

Barriers to engagement were identified at individual, medical program, and health system levels. Factors influencing the individual experience included difficulty in care coordination, affective symptomatology, and ability to bond with providers. Factors at the program level included difficulty adjusting to the clinic environment and the inability to achieve treatment goals. Factors at the system level included challenges in attending multiple appointments in a fragmented health system, lack of social support, and financial constraints.

Conclusions:

This qualitative study suggests that traditional models of medical care for chronic conditions pose challenges for many individuals with SMI and contribute to health disparities. Adaptation of medical care to populations with SMI and close collaboration between medical and mental health services are necessary to improve medical care and, subsequently, health outcomes.
Where and Why Do Illicit Businesses Cluster? Comparing Sexually Oriented Massage Parlors in Los Angeles County and New York City
Authors: Chin John J. , Takahashi Lois M. , Wiebe Douglas J.
Published: July 2019

Immigrant-run sexually oriented massage parlors embody the intersection of important planning issues, including inequitable distribution of controversial land uses and economic functions of illicit businesses. We analyzed geocoded data from a ratings website to examine sexually oriented massage parlor clustering in Los Angeles County (LAC) and New York City (NYC). In LAC, clustering occurred in areas with more Asian and Hispanic residents. In NYC, clustering occurred mostly in Manhattan and was negatively associated with household size. Local regulation did not appear to affect clustering. Study findings hold lessons about both more effective regulation and enabling economic development in immigrant populations.
Analyses of Publications on Compensation Management From 2004 to 2017
Authors: Patnaik Pooja , Suar Damodar
Published: July 2019

The article conducts a publication analysis of articles on compensation management from 2004 to 2017. After reviewing 9,823 articles, 1,218 articles were identified and placed under 10 topics. Following the product life cycle model, 10 topics were fitted to different patterns. A cubic pattern is found on topics of benefits, compensating special groups, employee contributions, environmental factors, workforce diversity, international compensation and organizational justice. A quadratic pattern is observed on topics of individual factors, strategic compensation and wage administration. The product life cycle analyses reveal that publications on compensation management undergo growth, maturity or decline phases with respect to time. In addition, the publication analyses find that Compensation and Benefits Review is the most preferred outlet for publication of compensation articles. Furthermore, the most referred journals are Industrial and Labor Relations Review and Journal of Human Resources. Of 1,218 articles, 70.85% are multiauthored, 68% apply quantitative approach and 79% are from Euro-American countries.
Evaluating Time to In-Hospital Venous Thromboembolism in Obese Patients
Authors: Cutshall B. Tate , Tatara Alexandra W. , Upadhyay Navneet , Adeola Mobolaji , Putney David , Ruegger Melanie
Published: July 2019

Background:

Currently, no consensus approach exists for optimal venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) patients. Time to development of in-hospital VTE is not well studied.

Objective:

This study evaluates time to in-hospital VTE in obese patients.

Methods:

A single-center, retrospective study evaluated obese patients that developed an in-hospital VTE. Patients were categorized into 3 BMI groups: 30 to 34.9 (group 1), 35 to 39.9 (group 2), and ≥40 (group 3) kg/m2. The primary end point compared time to VTE between the groups.

Results:

A total of 246 patients were included, and time to VTE was similar between the groups, 8 (group 1) versus 8 (group 2) versus 9 days (group 3); P = .38. Secondary outcomes showed time to VTE was shorter in acute care versus ICU patients (7.5 vs 10 days; P = .01), nonsurgical versus surgical patients (6 vs 9 days; P = .004), and no prophylaxis versus mechanical plus pharmacologic prophylaxis (4.5 vs 9 days; P < .001).

Conclusions:

BMI category did not significantly impact time to in-hospital VTE. This study provides insight into the timing of in-hospital VTE in obese patients. The differences in prophylactic strategies highlight the importance of optimized prophylaxis.
Pornography addiction: The fabrication of a transient sexual disease
Authors: Taylor Kris
Published: July 2019

While pornography addiction currently circulates as a comprehensible, diagnosable, and describable way to make sense of some people’s ostensibly problematic relationship with pornography, such a comprehensive description of this relationship has only recently been made possible. The current analysis makes visible pornography addiction as situated within a varied history of concerns about pornography, masturbation, fantasy, and technology in an effort to bring to bear a conceptual critique of the modern concept of pornography addiction. Such a critique in turn works to offer an alternative to treating the study of pornography addiction as the discovery of a new disease, instead conceiving it as the propagation of old forms of knowledge under a new moniker.
A novel method to improve vehicle energy efficiency: Minimization of tire power loss
Authors: Sina Naser , Hairi Yazdi Mohammad Reza , Esfahanian Vahid
Published: July 2019

The importance of energy efficiency, as one of the most crucial issues in automotive industry, has grown more rapidly considering the global energy crisis and climate change in recent years. This paper aims to introduce a method to increase the powertrain efficiency based on the minimization of tire power loss. Slip resistance is taken into account as well as rolling resistance to yield the modified tire resistance considered in this study. It is shown that the general optimal control problem can be reduced to an instantaneous minimization problem in which the equivalent force of tire power loss is to be minimized at each instant of time. Moreover, tire inflation pressure is selected as the control input bearing its major influence on tire resistance and its potential of being controllable in the mind. In addition, a polynomial inverse tire model is developed in order to find the solution of the minimization problem with lower computational cost. The coefficients used in inverse tire model are characterized as a function of friction coefficient, normal load, and inflation pressure so that the reliability and accuracy of the model are guaranteed under different conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed online control system, called Tire Inflation Pressure Regulation System, is simulated in some driving cycles, i.e. NEDC, FTP, HWFET, and ARTEMIS-Urban, and it is shown that up to 2% improvement is achievable.
Adolescent-Sleep-Intervention Research: Current State and Future Directions
Authors: Blake Matthew J. , Latham Melissa D. , Blake Laura M. , Allen Nicholas B.
Published: July 2019

Emerging evidence suggests that cognitive-behavioral interventions should be considered as a first-line treatment for adolescent sleep problems and can also address associated mental health concerns. This article’s aim is to prioritize future directions for this research. Studies are needed that (a) leverage innovative technology, which may allow for a more personalized-medicine approach to care; (b) use alternative research designs, such as treatment-optimization strategies; (c) evaluate mechanisms of therapeutic improvements, including mediators and moderators of change, predictors of treatment adherence, dose–response relationships, and specificity of effects of different treatment components; (d) “scale up” the interventions so that a large proportion of adolescents can access them; and (e) develop flexible approaches to delivery (e.g., online platforms) and stepped-care guidelines. National and international standards of secondary school start times of 8:30 a.m. or later are also needed. The field is now mature enough to take these next steps, which will enhance the effectiveness and public health impact of these interventions.
Post-crisis labour market outcomes in worlds of welfare and varieties of capitalism
Authors: Ferdosi Mohammad
Published: July 2019

This article tests divergent theories of welfare development and varieties of capitalism by comparing the socio-economic outcomes of 16 developed countries before and after the recent crisis. Similarities and differences are assessed using six indicators, namely inequality, low pay, union density, unemployment, involuntary part-time work and job strain. The findings show substantial variation in country group averages for indicators such as inequality, low pay, union density and involuntary part-time work. Different welfare production regimes, however, were not always distinguishable in terms of their impact on the overall direction of change, as many countries were worse off after the crisis, or the degree of change from one year to the next, as the greatest negative percentage changes were reported for the least expected group of countries. In general, the findings indicate that in some areas of social and economic life, many countries have not yet returned to pre-crisis levels.
Intimate Partner Violence and Material Hardship Among Urban Mothers
Authors: O’Connor Julia , Nepomnyaschy Lenna
Published: July 2019

Using a longitudinal population-based sample ( n = 4,234), this study explored the association of intimate partner violence (IPV) with material hardship. We found that women who experienced IPV are substantially more likely to experience material hardship, even after controlling for a comprehensive set of static and time-varying characteristics, including material hardship at the prior wave and individual fixed effects. Associations were strongest for experiences of physical abuse (the least prevalent type of IPV) and controlling abuse (the most prevalent type of IPV) but were weaker for emotional abuse. Results suggest that IPV increases the probability of material hardship by 10-25%.