bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scale interactions in turbulent rotating planar Couette flow: insight through the Reynolds stress transport
Authors: Kawata Takuya , Alfredsson P. Henrik
Published: September 2019

In turbulent planar Couette flow under anticyclonic spanwise system rotation, large-scale roll-cell structures arise due to a Coriolis-force-induced instability. The structures are superimposed on smaller-scale turbulence, and with increasing angular velocity ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}_{z}$) such roll cells dominate the flow field and small-scale turbulence is instead suppressed in a certain rotation number range $0<Ro\lesssim 0.1$ ($Ro=2\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}_{z}h/U_{w}$, where $h$ is the channel half-width, $U_{w}$ the wall velocity). At low rotation numbers around $Ro\approx 0.02$ both large-scale roll cells and smaller-scale turbulence coexist. In the present study, we investigate interaction between these structures through a scale-by-scale analysis of the Reynolds stress transport. We show that at low rotation numbers $Ro\approx 0.01$ the turbulence productions by the mean flow gradient and the Coriolis force occur at different scales and thereby the turbulent energy distribution over a wide range of scales is maintained. On the other hand at higher rotation numbers $Ro\gtrsim 0.05$, a zero-absolute-vorticity state is established and production of small scales from the mean shear disappears although large-scale turbulence production is maintained through the Coriolis force. At high enough Reynolds numbers, where scale separation between the near-wall structures and the roll cells is relatively distinct, transition between these different $Ro$ regimes is found to occur rather abruptly around $Ro\approx 0.02$, resulting in a non-monotonic behaviour of the wall shear stress as a function of $Ro$. It is also shown that at such an intermediate rotation number the roll cells interact with smaller scales by moving near-wall structures towards the core region of the channel, by which the Reynolds stress is transported from relatively small scales near the wall towards larger scales in the channel centre. Such Reynolds stress transport by scale interaction becomes increasingly significant as the Reynolds number increases, and results in a reversed mean velocity gradient at the channel centre at high enough Reynolds numbers.
Agreement between the total energy expenditure calculated with accelerometry data and the BMR yielded by predictive equations v. the total energy expenditure obtained with doubly labelled water in low-income women with excess weight
Authors: Macena Mateus L. , Pureza Isabele R. O. M. , Melo Ingrid S. V. , Clemente Ana G. , Ferreira Haroldo S. , Florêncio Telma M. M. T. , Pfrimer Karina , Ferrioli Eduardo , Sawaya Ana L. , Bueno Nassib B.
Published: September 2019

Low-income women are the group with the highest levels of obesity worldwide. In low-income settings, the use of predictive equations, which yield a measure of the individuals’ BMR, is a feasible approach to estimate the individuals’ total energy expenditure (TEE), using the factorial method (calculated-TEE = BMR × physical activity level), an important step of the obesity nutritional care. The present study aimed to identify the predictive equation that, in conjunction with metabolic equivalents of tasks (MET) data from accelerometers, yields the calculated-TEE with better agreement compared with the TEE measured by doubly labelled water (TEE-DLW). Forty-five women aged 19–45 years, with excess weight and mothers of undernourished children, were included. They received DLW to determine TEE (14 d); at the same time, they used triaxial accelerometers (7 d) to estimate their MET. The Bland–Altman method, paired-sample t tests, concordance correlation coefficient and root-mean-square error were used to assess the agreement. Maximum allowed differences were defined as 24 %, based on the within-variance coefficient of the energy intake of the sample. Eleven equations were studied. The calculated-TEE obtained by five equations showed non-significant bias: Dietary Reference Intake (Institute of Medicine (2005) Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids), FAO/WHO/UNU ((2001) Food and Nutrition Technical Report Series), Harris & Benedict ((1919) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA4, 370–373), Henry & Rees ((1991) Eur J Clin Nutr45, 177–185) and Schofield ((1985) Hum Nutr Clin Nutr39, 5–41). The mean percentage differences were –1·5, –0·8, 2·2, –2·2 and 2·0 %, respectively. Considering all parameters, FAO/WHO/UNU ((2001) Food and Nutrition Technical Report Series) equation performed slightly better than the others; nevertheless, no equation in conjunction with the estimated-MET showed a calculated-TEE with its CI for the Bland–Altman limits of agreement inside the pre-defined acceptable range.
Leptospira in livestock in Madagascar: uncultured strains, mixed infections and small mammal-livestock transmission highlight challenges in controlling and diagnosing leptospirosis in the developing world
Authors: Rahelinirina Soanandrasana , Moseley Mark H. , Allan Kathryn J. , Ramanohizakandrainy Emmanuel , Ravaoarinoro Sati , Rajerison Minoarisoa , Rakotoharinome Vincent , Telfer Sandra
Published: September 2019

In developing countries, estimates of the prevalence and diversity of Leptospira infections in livestock, an important but neglected zoonotic pathogen and cause of livestock productivity loss, are lacking. In Madagascar, abattoir sampling of cattle and pigs demonstrated a prevalence of infection of 20% in cattle and 5% in pigs by real-time PCR. In cattle, amplification and sequencing of the Leptospira-specific lfb1 gene revealed novel genotypes, mixed infections of two or more Leptospira species and evidence for potential transmission between small mammals and cattle. Sequencing of the secY gene demonstrated genetic similarities between Leptospira detected in Madagascar and, as yet, uncultured Leptospira strains identified in Tanzania, Reunion and Brazil. Detection of Leptospira DNA in the same animal was more likely in urine samples or pooled samples from four kidney lobes relative to samples collected from a single kidney lobe, suggesting an effect of sampling method on detection. In pigs, no molecular typing of positive samples was possible. Further research into the epidemiology of livestock leptospirosis in developing countries is needed to inform efforts to reduce human infections and to improve livestock productivity.
Martin's peripheral embryo – unique but not a phylogenetic ‘orphan’ at the base of his family tree: a tribute to the insight of a pioneer seed biologist
Authors: Baskin Carol C. , Baskin Jerry M.
Published: September 2019

As a tribute to A.C. Martin's classic work on embryos in seeds, we have attempted to gain a better understanding of the peripheral embryo, which puzzled Martin. The peripheral embryo is strongly curved and in contact with the inner surface of the seed coat, and Martin placed it at the base of his family tree of seed phylogeny and called it a ‘phylogenetic orphan’. We evaluated ovule/seed development, kind of embryo and occurrence of perisperm in families with and without a peripheral embryo. All families with a peripheral embryo occur in the Caryophyllales. Seeds with a peripheral embryo have a low cotyledon width:radicle width ratio that coincides with Martin's (full-sized) linear embryo. The peripheral embryo develops in campylotropous and/or amphitropous ovules and is pushed to the side of the seed as the perisperm develops. Linear-full embryos and perisperm are widely distributed across extant angiosperms but are rarely found together, except in core Caryophyllales. The non-core Caryophyllales with endosperm and various kinds of embryos, including the linear-full, diverged before the core Caryophyllales. Thus, the ancestral linear-full embryo appears to have been retained when the core lineage developed campylotropous and/or amphitropous ovules and perisperm. Seeds with a peripheral embryo merit a position on Martin's family tree; however, the position should be a side branch (‘orphan’) slightly above (more advanced than) his linear embryo and not at the base. We conclude that Martin had great insight into the relationships between the kinds of embryos and rightly questioned the position of the peripheral embryo.
Reoperation after isolated subaortic membrane resection
Authors: Binsalamah Ziyad M. , Spigel Zachary A. , Zhu Huirong , Kim Mary B. , Chacon-Portillo Martin A. , Adachi Iki , Imamura Michiaki , Mery Carlos M. , Mckenzie Emmett Dean , Fraser Charles D. , Heinle Jeffrey S.
Published: September 2019

Background:

The resection of a subaortic membrane remains far from a curative operation. We sought to examine factors associated with reoperation and the degree of aortic valve regurgitation as a potential long-term source for reoperation.

Methods:

All patients who underwent resection of an isolated subaortic membrane between 1995 and 2018 were included. Patients who underwent other procedures were excluded. Paired categorical data were compared using McNemar’s test. Univariate time-to-event analyses were performed using Kaplan–Meier methods with log-rank tests for categorical variables and univariate Cox models for continuous variables.

Results:

A total of 84 patients (median age 6.6, 31% females) underwent resection of isolated subaortic membrane. At a median follow-up of 9.3 years (interquartile range 0.6–22.5), 12 (14%) patients required one reoperation and 1 patient required two reoperations. Median time to first reoperation was 4.6 years. The degree of aortic valve regurgitation improved post-operatively from pre-operatively (p = 0.0007); however, the degree of aortic valve regurgitation worsened over the course of follow-up (p = 0.010) to equivalence with pre-operative aortic valve regurgitation (p = 0.18). Performance of a septal myectomy was associated with longer freedom from reoperation (p = 0.004).

Conclusions:

In patients with isolated subaortic membranes, performance of a septal myectomy can minimise risk for reoperation. Patients should be serially monitored for degradation of the aortic valve, even if aortic regurgitation is not present post-operatively.
Parkin facilitates proteasome inhibitor-induced apoptosis via suppression of NF-κB activity in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xiaolan , Lin Chun , Song Junwei , Chen Han , Chen Xuhong , Ren Liangliang , Zhou Zhongqiu , Pan Jinyuan , Yang Zhenjun , Bao Wenhao , Ke Xueping , Yang Jianan , Liang Yingying , Huang Hongbiao , Tang Daolin , Jiang Lili , Liu Jinbao
Published: September 2019

The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is a tight homeostatic control mechanism of intracellular protein degradation and turnover involved in many human diseases. Proteasome inhibitors were initially developed as anticancer agents with potential benefits in the suppression of tumor growth. However, clinical trials of patients with solid tumors fail to demonstrate the same efficacy of these proteasome inhibitors. Here, we show that Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is implicated in tumorigenesis and therapy resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults. Lower Parkin expression correlates with poor survival in patients with HCC. Ectopic Parkin expression enhances proteasome inhibitor-induced apoptosis and tumor suppression in HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, knockdown of Parkin expression promotes apoptosis resistance and tumor growth. Mechanistically, Parkin promotes TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 2 and TRAF6 degradation and thus facilitates nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) inhibition, which finally results in apoptosis. These findings reveal a direct molecular link between Parkin and protein degradation in the control of the NF-κB pathway and may provide a novel UPS-dependent strategy for the treatment of HCC by induction of apoptosis.
Cell necrosis, intrinsic apoptosis and senescence contribute to the progression of exencephaly to anencephaly in a mice model of congenital chranioschisis
Authors: Oria Marc , Duru Soner , Figueira Rebeca L. , Scorletti Federico , Turner Lucas E. , Fernandez-Alonso Irati , Fernandez-Martin Alejandra , Marotta Mario , Sbragia Lourenco , Shaaban Aimen F. , Peiro Jose L.
Published: September 2019

Exencephaly/anencephaly is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality and the most extreme open neural tube defect with no current treatments and limited mechanistic understanding. We hypothesized that exencephaly leads to a local neurodegenerative process in the brain exposed to the amniotic fluid as well as diffuse degeneration in other encephalic areas and the spinal cord. To evaluate the consequences of in utero neural tissue exposure, brain and spinal cord samples from E17 exencephalic murine fetuses (maternal intraperitoneal administration of valproic acid at E8) were analyzed and compared to controls and saline-injected shams (n = 11/group). Expression of apoptosis and senescence genes (p53, p21, p16, Rbl2, Casp3, Casp9) was determined by qRT-PCR and protein expression analyzed by western blot. Apoptosis was measured by TUNEL assay and PI/AV flow cytometry. Valproic acid at E8 induced exencephaly in 22% of fetuses. At E17 the fetuses exhibited the characteristic absence of cranial bones. The brain structures from exencephalic fetuses demonstrated a loss of layers in cortical regions and a complete loss of structural organization in the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, dental gyrus and septal cortex. E17 fetuses had reduced expression of NeuN, GFAP and Oligodendrocytes in the brain with primed microglia. Intrinsic apoptotic activation (p53, Caspase9 and 3) was upregulated and active Caspase3 localized to the layer of brain exposed to the amniotic fluid. Senescence via p21-Rbl2 was increased in the brain and in the spinal cord at the lamina I-II of the somatosensory dorsal horn. The current study characterizes CNS alterations in murine exencephaly and demonstrates that degeneration due to intrinsic apoptosis and senescence occurs in the directly exposed brain but also remotely in the spinal cord.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Long non-coding RNA linc00645 promotes TGF-β-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition by regulating miR-205-3p-ZEB1 axis in glioma
Authors: Li Chenlong , Zheng Hongshan , Hou Weiliang , Bao Hongbo , Xiong Jinsheng , Che Wanli , Gu Yifei , Sun Haiming , Liang Peng
Published: September 2019

Accumulating evidence indicates long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) play a vital role in tumor progression. However, the role of linc00645-induced accelerated malignant behavior in glioblastoma (GBM) remains unknown. In the present study, linc00645 expression was significantly upregulated in GBM tissues and cell lines. High level of linc00645 was associated with poor overall survival in GBM patients. Knockdown of linc00645 suppressed the proliferation, stemness, migration, invasion, and reversed transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced motility of glioma cell lines. Furthermore, linc00645 directly interacted with miR-205-3p and upregulated of miR-205-3p impeded efficiently the increase of ZEB1 induced by linc00645 overexpression. Moreover, knockdown of linc00645 significantly suppressed the progression of glioma cells in vivo. miR-205-3p was a target of linc00645 and linc00645 modulates TGF-β-induced glioma cell migration and invasion via miR-205-3p. Taken together, our findings identified the linc00645/miR-205-3p/ZEB1 signaling axis as a key player in EMT of glioma cells triggered by TGF-β. These data elucidated that linc00645 plays an oncogenic role in glioma and it may serve as a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of glioma in humans.
Large linear magnetoelectric effect and field-induced ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity in DyCrO4
Authors: Shen Xudong , Zhou Long , Chai Yisheng , Wu Yan , Liu Zhehong , Yin Yunyu , Cao Huibo , Cruz Clarina Dela , Sun Young , Jin Changqing , Muñoz Angel , Alonso José Antonio , Long Youwen
Published: September 2019

All the magnetoelectric properties of scheelite-type DyCrO4 are characterized by temperature- and field-dependent magnetization, specific heat, permittivity, electric polarization, and neutron diffraction measurements. Upon application of a magnetic field within ±3 T, the nonpolar collinear antiferromagnetic structure leads to a large linear magnetoelectric effect with a considerable coupling coefficient. An applied electric field can induce the converse linear magnetoelectric effect, realizing magnetic field control of ferroelectricity and electric field control of magnetism. Furthermore, a higher magnetic field (>3 T) can cause a metamagnetic transition from the initially collinear antiferromagnetic structure to a canted structure, generating a large ferromagnetic magnetization up to 7.0 μB f.u.−1. Moreover, the new spin structure can break the space inversion symmetry, yielding ferroelectric polarization, which leads to coupling of ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity with a large ferromagnetic component.
Functional interpretation of single cell similarity maps
Authors: DeTomaso David , Jones Matthew G. , Subramaniam Meena , Ashuach Tal , Ye Chun J. , Yosef Nir
Published: September 2019

We present Vision, a tool for annotating the sources of variation in single cell RNA-seq data in an automated and scalable manner. Vision operates directly on the manifold of cell-cell similarity and employs a flexible annotation approach that can operate either with or without preconceived stratification of the cells into groups or along a continuum. We demonstrate the utility of Vision in several case studies and show that it can derive important sources of cellular variation and link them to experimental meta-data even with relatively homogeneous sets of cells. Vision produces an interactive, low latency and feature rich web-based report that can be easily shared among researchers, thus facilitating data dissemination and collaboration.
Flotillins promote T cell receptor sorting through a fast Rab5–Rab11 endocytic recycling axis
Authors: Redpath Gregory M. I. , Ecker Manuela , Kapoor-Kaushik Natasha , Vartoukian Haig , Carnell Michael , Kempe Daryan , Biro Maté , Ariotti Nicholas , Rossy Jérémie
Published: September 2019

The targeted endocytic recycling of the T cell receptor (TCR) to the immunological synapse is essential for T cell activation. Despite this, the mechanisms that underlie the sorting of internalised receptors into recycling endosomes remain poorly understood. To build a comprehensive picture of TCR recycling during T cell activation, we developed a suite of new imaging and quantification tools centred on photoactivation of fluorescent proteins. We show that the membrane-organising proteins, flotillin-1 and -2, are required for TCR to reach Rab5-positive endosomes immediately after endocytosis and for transfer from Rab5- to Rab11a-positive compartments. We further observe that after sorting into in Rab11a-positive vesicles, TCR recycles to the plasma membrane independent of flotillin expression. Our data suggest a mechanism whereby flotillins delineate a fast Rab5-Rab11a endocytic recycling axis and functionally contribute to regulate the spatial organisation of these endosomes.
Methionine in a protein hydrophobic core drives tight interactions required for assembly of spider silk
Authors: Heiby Julia C. , Goretzki Benedikt , Johnson Christopher M. , Hellmich Ute A. , Neuweiler Hannes
Published: September 2019

Web spiders connect silk proteins, so-called spidroins, into fibers of extraordinary toughness. The spidroin N-terminal domain (NTD) plays a pivotal role in this process: it polymerizes spidroins through a complex mechanism of dimerization. Here we analyze sequences of spidroin NTDs and find an unusually high content of the amino acid methionine. We simultaneously mutate all methionines present in the hydrophobic core of a spidroin NTD from a nursery web spider’s dragline silk to leucine. The mutated NTD is strongly stabilized and folds at the theoretical speed limit. The structure of the mutant is preserved, yet its ability to dimerize is substantially impaired. We find that side chains of core methionines serve to mobilize the fold, which can thereby access various conformations and adapt the association interface for tight binding. Methionine in a hydrophobic core equips a protein with the capacity to dynamically change shape and thus to optimize its function.
Electrochemical Redox Refrigeration
Authors: McKay Ian S. , Kunz Larissa Y. , Majumdar Arun
Published: September 2019

The high conformational entropy change of the Fe(CN)63−/4− redox reaction can be used as the basis for a compact electrochemical refrigerator. This device is comparable to a liquid version of a Peltier cooler, with two distinct advantages: (1) the entropy change per carrier (1.5 mV/K) of the electrochemical refrigerant is more than 5 times larger than that of state-of-the-art solid thermoelectric materials; and (2) the liquid electrolyte can be advected continuously away from the cooling junction, so that Joule heating in the bulk element does not diminish the delivered cooling effect. In this work, we use infrared microscopy to visualize the thermal aspects of Fe(CN)63−/4− redox, and compare the estimated cooling to calculated values with and without electrolyte flow. While the temperature differences achieved in a single cell are small (~50 mK) and not enhanced by electrolyte flow, the cooling power density (~0.5 W/cm3) is high when normalized to the small electrode volume. Non-dimensional figures of merit are proposed to identify electrochemical redox species for maximizing the cooling effect.
Introducing a Bayesian model of selective attention based on active inference
Authors: Mirza M. Berk , Adams Rick A. , Friston Karl , Parr Thomas
Published: September 2019

Information gathering comprises actions whose (sensory) consequences resolve uncertainty (i.e., are salient). In other words, actions that solicit salient information cause the greatest shift in beliefs (i.e., information gain) about the causes of our sensations. However, not all information is relevant to the task at hand: this is especially the case in complex, naturalistic scenes. This paper introduces a formal model of selective attention based on active inference and contextual epistemic foraging. We consider a visual search task with a special emphasis on goal-directed and task-relevant exploration. In this scheme, attention modulates the expected fidelity (precision) of the mapping between observations and hidden states in a state-dependent or context-sensitive manner. This ensures task-irrelevant observations have little expected information gain, and so the agent – driven to reduce expected surprise (i.e., uncertainty) – does not actively seek them out. Instead, it selectively samples task-relevant observations, which inform (task-relevant) hidden states. We further show, through simulations, that the atypical exploratory behaviours in conditions such as autism and anxiety may be due to a failure to appropriately modulate sensory precision in a context-specific way.
An in vitro assay and artificial intelligence approach to determine rate constants of nanomaterial-cell interactions
Authors: Price Edward , Gesquiere Andre J.
Published: September 2019

In vitro assays and simulation technologies are powerful methodologies that can inform scientists of nanomaterial (NM) distribution and fate in humans or pre-clinical species. For small molecules, less animal data is often needed because there are a multitude of in vitro screening tools and simulation-based approaches to quantify uptake and deliver data that makes extrapolation to in vivo studies feasible. Small molecule simulations work because these materials often diffuse quickly and partition after reaching equilibrium shortly after dosing, but this cannot be applied to NMs. NMs interact with cells through energy dependent pathways, often taking hours or days to become fully internalized within the cellular environment. In vitro screening tools must capture these phenomena so that cell simulations built on mechanism-based models can deliver relationships between exposure dose and mechanistic biology, that is biology representative of fundamental processes involved in NM transport by cells (e.g. membrane adsorption and subsequent internalization). Here, we developed, validated, and applied the FORECAST method, a combination of a calibrated fluorescence assay (CF) with an artificial intelligence-based cell simulation to quantify rates descriptive of the time-dependent mechanistic biological interactions between NMs and individual cells. This work is expected to provide a means of extrapolation to pre-clinical or human biodistribution with cellular level resolution for NMs starting only from in vitro data.
The effects of water temperature on the juvenile performance of two tropical damselfishes expatriating to temperate reefs
Authors: Djurichkovic Lucas D. , Donelson Jennifer M. , Fowler Ashley M. , Feary David A. , Booth David J.
Published: September 2019

Ocean warming associated with global climate change is already inducing geographic range shifts of marine species. Juvenile coral reef fishes transported into temperate latitudes (termed ‘vagrant’ fishes) can experience winter water temperatures below their normal thermal minimum. Such environmental extremes may increase energetic costs for such fishes, resulting in reduced performance, which may be the governing factor that limits the potential for poleward range expansion of such fishes. This study compared the juvenile physiological performance and behaviour of two congeneric tropical damselfishes which settle during austral summer months within temperate eastern Australia: Abudefduf vaigiensis have an extended southern range, and lower threshold survival temperature than the congeneric A. whitleyi. Physiological and behavioural performance parameters that may be affected by cooler temperature regimes at higher latitudes were measured in aquaria. Lower water temperature resulted in reduced growth rates, feeding rates, burst escape speed and metabolic rates of both species, with significantly reduced performance (up to six-fold reductions) for fishes reared at 18 °C relative to 22 °C and 26 °C. However, A. whitleyi exhibited lower growth rates than A. vaigiensis across all temperatures, and lower aerobic capacity at the lowest temperature (18 °C). This difference between species in growth and metabolic capacity suggests that the extended southern distribution and greater overwintering success of A. vaigiensis, in comparison to A. whitleyi is related to thermal performance parameters which are critical in maintaining individual health and survival. Our results support previous findings in the region that water temperature below 22 °C represents a critical physiological threshold for tropical Abudefduf species expatriating into temperate south-eastern Australia.
Dynamics of Singlet Oxygen-Triggered, RONS-Based Apoptosis Induction after Treatment of Tumor Cells with Cold Atmospheric Plasma or Plasma-Activated Medium
Authors: Bauer Georg , Sersenová Dominika , Graves David B. , Machala Zdenko
Published: September 2019

Treatment of tumor cells with cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) or with plasma-activated medium (PAM) leads to a biochemical imprint on these cells. This imprint is mediated by primary singlet oxygen, which is mainly generated through the interaction between CAP-derived H2O2 and NO2−. This imprint is induced with a low efficiency as local inactivation of a few membrane-associated catalase molecules. As sustained generation of secondary singlet oxygen by the tumor cells is activated at the site of the imprint, a rapid bystander effect-like spreading of secondary singlet oxygen generation and catalase inactivation within the cell population is thus induced. This highly dynamic process is essentially driven by NOX1 and NOS of the tumor cells, and finally leads to intercellular RONS-driven apoptosis induction. This dynamic process can be studied by kinetic analysis, combined with the use of specific inhibitors at defined time intervals. Alternatively, it can be demonstrated and quantified by transfer experiments, where pretreated cells are mixed with untreated cells and bystander signaling is determined. These studies allow to conclude that the specific response of tumor cells to generate secondary singlet oxygen is the essential motor for their self-destruction, after a singlet oxygen-mediated triggering process by CAP or PAM.
Pre-operative Circulating Plasma Gelsolin Predicts Residual Disease and Detects Early Stage Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Asare-Werehene Meshach , Communal Laudine , Carmona Euridice , Le Tien , Provencher Diane , Mes-Masson Anne-Marie , Tsang Benjamin K.
Published: September 2019

Ovarian cancer (OVCA) patients with suboptimal residual disease (RD) and advanced stages have poor survival. pGSN is an actin binding protein which protects OVCA cells from cisplatin-induced death. There is an urgent need to discover reliable biomarkers to optimize individualized treatment recommendations. 99 plasma samples with pre-determined CA125 were collected from OVCA patients and pGSN assayed using sandwich-based ELISA. Associations between CA125, pGSN and clinicopathological parameters were examined using Fisher’s exact test, T test and Kruskal Wallis Test. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to statistically analyze clinical outcomes. At 64 µg/ml, pGSN had sensitivity and specificity of 60% and 60% respectively, for the prediction of RD where as that of CA125 at 576.5 U/mL was 43.5% and 56.5% respectively. Patients with stage 1 tumor had increased levels of pre-operative pGSN compared to those with tumor stage >1 and healthy subjects (P = 0.005). At the value of 81 µg/mL, pGSN had a sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 78.4%, respectively for the detection of early stage OVCA. At the value of 0.133, the Indicator of Stage 1 OVCA (ISO1) provided a sensitivity of 100% at a specificity of 67% (AUC, 0.89; P < 0.001). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, pGSN (HR, 2.00; CI, 0.99–4.05; P = 0.05) was an independent significant predictor of progression free survival (PFS) but not CA125 (HR, 0.68; CI, 0.41–1.13; P = 0.13). Pre-operative circulating pGSN is a favorable and independent biomarker for early disease detection, RD prediction and patients’ prognosis.
Weather influences M. arvalis reproduction but not population dynamics in a 17-year time series
Authors: Giraudoux Patrick , Villette Petra , Quéré Jean-Pierre , Damange Jean-Pierre , Delattre Pierre
Published: September 2019

Rodent outbreaks have plagued European agriculture for centuries, but continue to elude comprehensive explanation. Modelling and empirical work in some cyclic rodent systems suggests that changes in reproductive parameters are partly responsible for observed population dynamics. Using a 17-year time series of Microtus arvalis population abundance and demographic data, we explored the relationship between meteorological conditions (temperature and rainfall), female reproductive activity, and population growth rates in a non-cyclic population of this grassland vole species. We found strong but complex relationships between female reproduction and climate variables, with spring female reproduction depressed after cold winters. Population growth rates were, however, uncorrelated with either weather conditions (current and up to three months prior) or with female reproduction (number of foetuses per female and/or proportion of females reproductively active in the population). These results, coupled with age-structure data, suggest that mortality, via predation, disease, or a combination of the two, are responsible for the large multi-annual but non-cyclic population dynamics observed in this population of the common vole.
The dynamics of memory retrieval for internal mentation
Authors: Stawarczyk David , D’Argembeau Arnaud
Published: September 2019

Daily life situations often require people to remember internal mentation, such as their future plans or interpretations of events. Little is known, however, about the principles that govern memory for thoughts experienced during real-world events. In particular, it remains unknown whether factors that structure the retrieval of external stimuli also apply to thought recall, and whether some thought features affect their accessibility in memory. To examine these questions, we asked participants to undertake a walk on a university campus while wearing a lifelogging camera. They then received unexpected recall tasks about the thoughts they experienced during the walk, rated the phenomenological features of retrieved thoughts, and indicated the moment when they were experienced. Results showed that thought retrieval demonstrates primacy, recency, and temporal contiguity effects, and is also influenced by event boundaries. In addition, thoughts that involved planning and that were recurrent during the walk were more accessible in memory. Together, these results shed new light on the principles that govern memory for internal mentation and suggest that at least partially similar processes structure the retrieval of thoughts and stimuli from the external environment.
Gaussian Light Model in Brightfield Optical Projection Tomography
Authors: Koskela Olli , Montonen Toni , Belay Birhanu , Figueiras Edite , Pursiainen Sampsa , Hyttinen Jari
Published: September 2019

This study focuses on improving the reconstruction process of the brightfield optical projection tomography (OPT). OPT is often described as the optical equivalent of X-ray computed tomography, but based on visible light. The detection optics used to collect light in OPT focus on a certain distance and induce blurring in those features out of focus. However, the conventionally used inverse Radon transform assumes an absolute focus throughout the propagation axis. In this study, we model the focusing properties of the detection by coupling Gaussian beam model (GBM) with the Radon transform. The GBM enables the construction of a projection operator that includes modeling of the blurring caused by the light beam. We also introduce the concept of a stretched GBM (SGBM) in which the Gaussian beam is scaled in order to avoid the modeling errors related to the determination of the focal plane. Furthermore, a thresholding approach is used to compress memory usage. We tested the GBM and SGBM approaches using simulated and experimental data in mono- and multifocal modes. When compared with the traditionally used filtered backprojection algorithm, the iteratively computed reconstructions, including the Gaussian models GBM and SGBM, provided smoother images with higher contrast.
A disposable acetylcholine esterase sensor for As(iii) determination in groundwater matrix based on 4-acetoxyphenol hydrolysis
Authors: Li Tao , Berberich Jason , Sahle-Demessie Endalkachew , Varughese Eunice
Published: September 2019

There is a lack of field compatible analytical methods for the speciation of As(iii) to characterize groundwater pollution at anthropogenic sites. A disposable enzymatic sensor has been developed to address this issue.
Single photon ionization of methyl isocyanide and the subsequent unimolecular decomposition of its cation: experiment and theory
Authors: Bellili A. , Gouid Z. , Gazeau M. C. , Bénilan Y. , Fray N. , Guillemin J. C. , Hochlaf M. , Schwell M.
Published: September 2019

Methyl isocyanide, CH3NC, is a key compound in astrochemistry and astrobiology.
Dimethylaniline functionalised pyrene fluorophores; dual colour pH switching in solution and self-assembled monolayers
Authors: O’Connor Darragh , Müller Carolin , Sarangi Nirod Kumar , Byrne Aisling , Keyes Tia E.
Published: September 2019

A pyrene charge transfer fluorophore with three ionizable N,N-dimethylaniline moieties was explored as an interfacial pH switch.
One step phenol synthesis from benzene catalysed by nickel(ii) complexes
Authors: Muthuramalingam Sethuraman , Anandababu Karunanithi , Velusamy Marappan , Mayilmurugan Ramasamy
Published: September 2019

Nickel(ii)complexes of N4-ligands are reported as efficient catalysts for direct benzene hydroxylationviabis(μ-oxo)dinickel(iii) intermediate species. The exclusive phenol formation is achieved with a yield of 41%.
A dual-excitation fluorescent probe EuIII-dtpa-bis(HBT) for hydrazine detection in aqueous solutions and living cells
Authors: Liu Wenfang , Wang Bingqiang , Jia Haishuang , Wang Jun , Song Youtao
Published: September 2019

The EuIII-dtpa-bis(HBT) dual-excitation fluorescence probe has good selectivity and strong anti-interference ability for the detection of N2H4.
Raman and electrical transport properties of few-layered arsenic-doped black phosphorus
Authors: Pradhan Nihar R. , Garcia Carlos , Lucking Michael C. , Pakhira Srimanta , Martinez Juan , Rosenmann Daniel , Divan Ralu , Sumant Anirudha V. , Terrones Humberto , Mendoza-Cortes Jose L. , McGill Stephen A. , Zhigadlo Nikolai D. , Balicas Luis
Published: September 2019

Black phosphorus (b-P) is an allotrope of phosphorus whose properties have attracted great attention.
Perovskite quantum dots for light-emitting devices
Authors: Li Yun-Fei , Feng Jing , Sun Hong-Bo
Published: September 2019

Perovskite QDs are promising platforms for light-emitting applications. Advances in perovskite QDs, including optoelectronic properties and device performance are discussed.
Charge reversal and swelling in saccharide binding polyzwitterionic phenylboronic acid-modified poly(4-vinylpyridine) nanoparticles
Authors: Ďorďovič Vladimír , Vojtová Jana , Jana Somdeb , Uchman Mariusz
Published: September 2019

We present the synthesis and characterization of zwitterionic poly(4-vinylpyridine) nanoparticles quaternized with phenylboronic acid (QxPVP-PBA) whose size and surface charge can be tuned by varying the saccharide and the degree of quaternization.
Reprocessable vinylogous urethane cross-linked polyethylene via reactive extrusion
Authors: Tellers Jonathan , Pinalli Roberta , Soliman Maria , Vachon Jérôme , Dalcanale Enrico
Published: September 2019

Reactive extrusion of a precursor polymer and a diamine cross-linker leads to reprocessable vinylogous urethane polyethylene vitrimers with desired rheological properties.
Impact of La3+ and Y3+ ion substitutions on structural, magnetic and microwave properties of Ni0.3Cu0.3Zn0.4Fe2O4 nanospinel ferrites synthesized via sonochemical route
Authors: Almessiere M. A. , Slimani Y. , Korkmaz A. Demir , Baykal A. , Güngüneş H. , Sözeri H. , Shirsath Sagar E. , Güner S. , Akhtar S. , Manikandan A.
Published: September 2019

The best microwave properties for the NSFs were obtained with an LaY concentration of x = 0.08, RL of −40 dB @ 10.5 GHz and absorption bandwidth of 8.4 GHz @ −10 dB. The NSF products show promise as radar absorbing materials in the X-band.
Synthesis and characterization of rigid [2.2]paracyclophane–porphyrin conjugates as scaffolds for fixed-distance bimetallic complexes
Authors: Knoll Daniel M. , Wiesner Thomas B. , Marschner Stefan M. , Hassan Zahid , Weis Patrick , Kappes Manfred , Nieger Martin , Bräse Stefan
Published: September 2019

Design and synthesis of mono- and disubstituted linear rigid metalated [2.2]paracyclophane–porphyrin conjugates is presented.
Rational design of ultrathin 2D tin nickel selenide nanosheets for high-performance flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Deepalakshmi Thangasamy , Nguyen Thanh Tuan , Kim Nam Hoon , Chong Kil To , Lee Joong Hee
Published: September 2019

A novel strategy is proposed to design and fabrication of hierarchical tin nickel selenide nanosheets with highly exposed active sites for flexible and wearable energy storage systems.
Antimony selenide/graphene oxide composite for sensitive photoelectrochemical detection of DNA methyltransferase activity
Authors: Xue Huaijia , Chen Kaiyang , Zhou Qing , Pan Deng , Zhang Yuanjian , Shen Yanfei
Published: September 2019

An Sb2Se3/graphene oxide composite was applied as both the photoelectrochemical probe and substrate for biomolecule conjugation for the construction of a “signal-off” sandwich-type biosensor for DNA methyltransferase activity detection.
Highly-stretchable, self-healable random copolymers for loading large amounts of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for the preparation of stretchable and healable electric sensors
Authors: Song Pei-Ni , Hong Jin-Long
Published: September 2019

Stretchable and healable random copolymers from radical polymerization of MMA, MAA and OEGMA have been used to load large amounts of conductive carbons resulting in nanocomposite electric sensors.
Ergodic SDEs on submanifolds and related numerical sampling schemes
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: September 2019

In many applications, it is often necessary to sample the mean value of certain quantity with respect to a probability measureμon the level set of a smooth functionξ: ℝd→ ℝk, 1 ≤k<d. A specially interesting case is the so-called conditional probability measure, which is useful in the study of free energy calculation and model reduction of diffusion processes. By Birkhoff’s ergodic theorem, one approach to estimate the mean value is to compute the time average along an infinitely long trajectory of an ergodic diffusion process on the level set whose invariant measure isμ. Motivated by the previous work of Ciccottiet al.(Commun. Pur. Appl. Math.61(2008) 371–408), as well as the work of Leliévreet al.(Math. Comput.81(2012) 2071–2125), in this paper we construct a family of ergodic diffusion processes on the level set ofξwhose invariant measures coincide with the given one. For the conditional measure, we propose a consistent numerical scheme which samples the conditional measure asymptotically. The numerical scheme doesn’t require computing the second derivatives ofξand the error estimates of its long time sampling efficiency are obtained.
Virulence of atypical Toxoplasma gondii strains isolated in French Guiana in a murine model
Authors: Simon Stéphane , de Thoisy Benoit , Mercier Aurélien , Nacher Mathieu , Demar Magalie
Published: September 2019

Background. Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite of warm-blooded vertebrates. Most infections in immunocompetent patients are asymptomatic. However, since 2000s, strains with particular genetic profiles that differ from the known clonal type (type I, II, III), have been described. In French Guiana, these strains are highly pathogenic in immunocompetent patients. They have defined a new clinical entity called Amazonian Toxoplasmosis. The present study aims to further improve our knowledge on the pathogenicity of these Amazonian T. gondii strains in comparison with three reference strains using Swiss strain mice. With these data, we tried to establish a predictive virulence score to classify these strains, but also to correlate this virulence with the severity of the disease in infected patients. Results. All the virulence indicators revealed that the Amazonian strains isolated in French Guiana presented a high virulence profile, but lower than the highly virulent type I reference RH strain. The findings reveal differences in virulence between human and animal strains, but also between anthropized and wild strains. Conclusion. In addition to being a clinically relevant animal model of Amazonian Toxoplasmosis, this model could also provide a solid experimental basis for future studies aiming to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Amazonian Toxoplasmosis disease.
25 Jahre Bönninghausen
Authors: Minder Peter
Published: September 2019

Der Artikel zeigt die Entwicklung der Anwendung von Bönninghausens Arbeitsweise in der sahp mit den verschiedenen Werkzeugen und schildert die jeweiligen Erfahrungen.
„Freude pflegen“
Authors: Maier Julia
Published: September 2019

Zu viele Patienten, zu wenig Personal, zu wenig Zeit – das desillusioniert oft
schon junge Pflegende. Mit Humor und Achtsamkeit will ein
Kooperationsprojekt hier gegensteuern, was auch dem Pflegemanagement nutzen
kann.
Catalytic Enantioselective Approaches to the oxa-Pictet–Spengler Cyclization and Other 3,6-Dihydropyran-Forming Reactions
Authors: Zhu Zhengbo , Adili Alafate , Zhao Chenfei , Seidel Daniel
Published: September 2019

This Short Review provides an analysis of the state-of-the-art in catalytic enantioselective oxa-Pictet–Spengler cyclizations. Also discussed are other catalytic reactions providing access to enantio­enriched isochromans and tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indoles. Context is provided and remaining challenges are highlighted.
Signo ecográfico de las capas de cebolla en el testículo
Authors: Aguilera Guillermo , Skoknic Velimir , Mora Mario
Published: September 2019

Los quistes epidermoides del testículo son tumores benignos que representarían aproximadamente el 1% de todas las masas testiculares. Clínicamente es una patología poco sintomática, que se presenta como un aumento de volumen testicular o es detectado en exámenes de rutina. La ecografía demuestra una lesión focal del testículo, ovalada, heterogénea, con múltiples capas lineales hiperecogénicas concéntricas que da el signo clásico de "capas de cebolla" o con morfología de "anillo", y que no presenta flujo al Doppler color (Figuras 1
2
3). Cabe señalar también que se ha descrito la presencia de calcificaciones murales o una imagen hiperecogenica central como forma de presentación. Es necesario tener en cuenta que existen algunas publicaciones que describen casos aislados en que esta apariencia ecográfica característica podría también estar presente en teratomas, el cual sería su principal diagnóstico diferencial. La importancia del conocimiento de esa lesión radica en la alta probabilidad de ser una lesión benigna, que puede ser tratada con enucleación y no necesariamente requerir orquiectomia extendida, ya que hasta ahora, no existen reportes de malignización, diseminación ni recurrencia.
Characterizing effects of fast melt deformation on entangled polymers in their glassy state
Authors: Zhao Zhichen , Zhao Xinyang , Liu Jianning , Wang Weiyu , Mays Jimmy , Wang Shi-Qing
Published: September 2019

Fast deformation of entangled melts is known to cause chain stretching due to affinelike straining of the entanglement network. Since the chain deformation may also result in perturbations of covalent bond angles and bond length, there are always possible enthalpic effects. In this study, we first subject polystyrene and PMMA of different molecular weights to either uniaxial melt extension or planar extension and subsequently impose rapid thermal quenching to preserve the chain deformation. Then, such pre-melt-deformed samples are annealed at various temperatures below the glass transition temperature Tg. During annealing, these samples can undergo appreciable contraction on a time scale much shorter than the alpha relaxation time. Significant retractive stress is observed when such contracting samples are held fixed during the annealing. The stress level can be nearly as high as the Cauchy stress produced during melt stretching. These observations not only allowed us to investigate glassy chain dynamics as well as the molecular nature of mechanical stress but may also suggest that pre-melt-stretched polymers can cause segmental mobilization in the glassy state. The available evidence indicates that the retractive stress is enthalpic in origin, associated with the conformational distortion at the bond level produced by melt stretching.