bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Religion and Politics of Falun Gong
Authors: Li Junpeng
Published: February 2022

This chapter analyzes the factors of religion and politics in the trajectory of Falun Gong. Falun Gong’s trajectory can be viewed as a conflict-amplifying process in which the interplay between the group as a religious actor and the state policies and apparatus of religious control led to the eventual crackdown. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the state’s policies toward religion and civic organizations created a unique niche for qigong. In the early 1990s, after qigong successfully opened up a space in the gray zone between state and society, Falun Gong emerged as part of the state-sanctioned “scientific” qigong movement by adopting a strategy of accommodation that eschewed explicit spiritual teaching. In the mid-1990s, faced with increasing state suspicion of qigong and fierce competition from thousands of qigong groups, Falun Gong brought its spiritual dimension to the fore and became a new religious movement. This proved a huge success as it met the needs of spiritual seekers in the gray market. Unsettled by Falun Gong’s ideological challenge, the state began to take measures to keep Falun Gong out of the political realm. However, the minor irritations that ensued convinced the practitioners that the state was merely misinformed. To convince the state of its “apolitical” nature, Falun Gong launched a persistent “truth clarification” campaign, but the small-scale demonstrations further warned the state of Falun Gong’s defiance of its symbolic order. The linkage and clustering of the events eventually exploded into the massive Zhongnanhai protest of 1999. Shocked by Falun Gong’s mobilization capacity and ideological challenge, the state officially banned the group and has since harshly purged its practitioners. But the crackdown only served to fully release Falun Gong’s political potential. While Li Hongzhi, the founder of Falun Gong, previously only vaguely referred to evil, the crackdown polarized and intensified Falun Gong’s apocalyptic message, which now unequivocally views the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) as a nefarious force. Falun Gong in exile has become a major anti-CCP force that has built a coalition with other political forces and launched waves of political activities aimed at the overthrow of the CCP. The conflict between Falun Gong and the state brings us to the question of what is political and what is religious, as the escalation of the level of conflict can be seen as a result of conflicting interpretations of what counted as “political” and what counted as “religious.” In communist China, religion and politics are often fluid spheres in society and always intersect with other social phenomena. Different interpretations of religion and politics by the state and Falun Gong played a huge role in the eventual politicization of the Falun Gong movement. As a result, the story of Falun Gong is one of unintended consequences. The organizational evolution of Falun Gong is an illustration of the religion of the non-religious and the politics of the apolitical in an authoritarian state.
Charles Pfoundes and the Forgotten First Buddhist Mission to the West, London 1889-1892: Some Research Questions
Authors: Bocking Brian
Published: February 2022

The Irishman “Captain” Charles James William Pfoundes (b. Wexford, Ireland 1840, d. Kobe, Japan 1907) emigrated from Ireland in 1854 and joined the colonial navy in Australia. By the age of 23 he was a seasoned mariner with experience of captaining a Siamese naval vessel. He arrived to live in Japan in 1863 and quickly learned Japanese. Embarking on what would be a lifelong interest in Japanese customs and culture he became a well-known intermediary between Japanese and foreigners in the troubled period around the Meiji Restoration of 1868 and contributed to the new Japanese merchant shipping industry. In 1878 he returned to the UK, in the 1880s acquiring a reputation as a prolific speaker on Japan in London. In 1889 he launched, under the aegis of the newly-formed Kaigai Senkyō-Kai (Overseas Propagation Society) in Kyoto, a Buddhist mission in London called the Buddhist Propagation Society which operated until 1892. This forgotten but highly active Japanese-sponsored Buddhist mission to London, the cosmopolitan hub of the global British empire, predates by ten years the so-called “first” Buddhist missions to the West led by Japanese immigrants to California in 1899 and by almost two decades the “first” Buddhist mission to London of Ananda Metteyya (Allan Bennett) from Burma in 1908. Recent research into Pfoundes’s 1889 mission, including his confrontations with Theosophy and links to Spiritualism and progressive reform movements, offers new insights into the complex, lively and contested character of global religious connections in the late 19th century and particularly the early influence of Japan in the development of emerging “global” Buddhism(s). This chapter builds on existing published material to raise a number of issues surrounding Pfoundes’s Buddhist activities in London, with questions which may resonate for researchers dealing with other “transnational encounters” in the field of religion.
Afterword
Authors: Burger Maya
Published: February 2022

Response to previous chapters; commentary
The Alagaddūpama Sutta as a Scriptural Source for Understanding the Distinctive Philosophical Standpoint of Early Buddhism
Authors: Premasiri P. D.
Published: February 2022

The Alagaddūpama Sutta is the 22nd discourse of the Majjhima-nikāya of the Pali canon. In the sutta itself it is mentioned that the Buddha’s delivery of this discourse was necessitated by the need to refute a wrong view held by one of his disciples named Ariṭṭha. Parallel versions of the sutta are found preserved in the Chinese Āgamas. The two main similes used in the sutta, those of the snake and of the raft, are referred to in the scriptures of a number of non-Theravāda Buddhist traditions as well, showing that the Buddhist doctrine represented in it is early and authentic and the message contained in the sutta was considered to be extremely significant by many early Buddhist traditions. The Alagaddūpama Sutta shows the Buddha’s role as one of the earliest thinkers in the history of philosophy who engaged in a critique of the craving for metaphysics and dogma frequently exhibited in those who propound worldviews. The Buddha did not value a belief or a worldview on grounds of the logical skill with which it was constructed but on grounds of the transformative effect it could have on the character of an individual and the sense of wellbeing it could promote. There are several discourses of the Pali canon which give prominence to this aspect of the Buddha’s teaching. Among them the Brahmajāla Sutta of the Dīgha-nikāya and the Aṭṭhakavagga of the Suttanipāta need special mention. The Buddha is seen to have consistently avoided engagement in speculative metaphysics, pointing out that the goal of his teaching goes beyond all such engagement. The Buddha himself distinguished his own worldview as a Teaching in the Middle (majjhena) avoiding the common tendency of humankind to be trapped by either of the two extremes, Eternalism or Annihilationism. These distinctive standpoints of the Buddha are all seen to be amply represented in the Alagaddūpama Sutta.
The Self-contradictions in Li Hongzhi's Statements about Illness
Authors: Cao Yan
Published: February 2022

Li Hongzhi, leader of Falun Gong, asserts that medicine does not touch the source of illness, which is karma. All that medicine achieves is to drive bad karma back into the body, thus delaying the maturation of the “bitter fruits” of disease. With this in mind, Li recommends that his disciples relinquish medical therapy and simply bear the suffering of illness. Li also insists that alternative practices like Qigong cannot be used to eliminate illness and bad karma; it is only Li himself who has the divine power to rid his disciples of their ailments. Additionally, Li indicates that he has the power to reintroduce bad karma to his disciples’ bodies if they do not properly follow his doctrine. In “The Self-contradictions in Li Hongzhi’s Statements about Illness,” Cao Yan asks, how can the contradictions in Li’s claims be resolved? Can he uphold his contention that he can totally eliminate bad karma if he also asserts that he can cause it to return to people? Such a statement implies that this karma was never completely removed in the first place; if it has ceased to exist, then surely it cannot be returned. It is argued here that Li’s words are more than mere statements about illness; they are also used as a tool to facilitate control over his followers, as revealed in these contradictions.
An incomplete transition: Overcoming the legacy of exclusion In South Africa
Authors:   World Bank Group, Group World Bank
Published: February 2022

In preparation for its 2019–2022 Country Partnership Framework with South Africa, the World Bank Group has drafted a Systematic Country Diagnostic, which forms the basis of this book. Its aim is to strengthen understanding of the constraints in achieving two goals in South Africa: to eliminate poverty by 2030, and to boost shared prosperity. These goals are aligned with South Africa’s Vision 2030 in the National Development Plan. This book is the result of consultations and conversations with the National Planning Commission, government departments, the private sector, young South Africans, and other stakeholders. It identi­fies ­five broad policy priorities: to build South Africa’s skills base; to reduce the highly skewed distribution of land and productive assets and strengthen property rights; to increase competitiveness and the country’s participation in global and regional value chains; to overcome apartheid spatial patterns; and to increase the country’s strategic adaptation to climate change and water insecurity. The key obstacle to growth, investment, and jobs that has been identifi­ed is ‘the legacy of exclusion’. Undoing this is a long-term process, but renewed commitment by the political leadership to strengthen institutions and rebuild the social contract present an enormous opportunity in achieving progress towards South Africa’s Vision 2030, and this book suggests ways to accomplish this aim.
Accountable Government in Africa: Perspectives from public law and political studies
Authors:   University of Cape Town, Chirwa Danwood Mzikenge , Nijzink Lia ,   University of Cape Town
Published: February 2022

Accountable government is crucial for the socio-economic and political development of African states and peoples. The theme of accountable government in Africa has nevertheless been under-researched, especially from an interdisciplinary perspective, and inadequately appraised in the light of evidence on the ground. Combining insights from public law and political studies, this book critically examines various institutions and mechanisms of accountability, including constitution-making processes, national prosecutorial authorities, the judiciary, national human rights institutions, political parties, informal mechanisms of accountability, and external accountability assistance. Focusing on Sub-Saharan Africa, it addresses the following questions: What is the significance and role of these institutions and mechanisms in holding governments to account? How effective have they been? And what are the necessary conditions for their successful functioning? The book brings together the work of leading experts from the continent and beyond and covers legal and political developments an accountable government in a number of African countries, including Ghana, Malawi, Mali, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. It gives an up-to-date perspective on democratic governance and accountable government on the continent.
Caracterización estructural y fisicoquímica de almidones de semilla de aguacate modificados mediante hidrólisis ácida a alta temperatura
Authors: De Dios-Avila N. , Tirado-Gallegos J. M. , Estrada-Virgen M. O. , Rios-Velasco C. , Luna-Esquivel G. , Zamudio-Flores P. B. , Isiordia-Aquino N. , Cambero Campos O. J.
Published: February 2022

La modificación de los almidones por medios físicos o químicos se utiliza para mejorar las propiedades físico-químicas de los almidones nativos. Los almidones de semilla de aguacate fueron modificados mediante hidrólisis ácida (HA) con ácido clorhídrico (HCl 0,15 N) a altas temperaturas (70 y 80 °C, 30 min). El nivel de modificación se evaluó mediante bromatología, determinación del equivalente en dextrosa (SD), microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB), difracción de rayos X (DRX), espectroscopía infrarroja con transformada de Fourier (FTIR) y propiedades funcionales. Los almidones modificados se obtuvieron con un alto rendimiento de producción (~95%), con un bajo contenido de humedad y mayores valores de blancura del material. Los resultados de SEM y DRX revelaron que el almidón de maíz (tipo A) y el almidón de semilla de aguacate (tipo B) mostraron diferentes mecanismos de hidrólisis. El tratamiento de calor-humedad gelatinizó el gránulo y expuso su interior al HCl, lo que causó la destrucción completa de los gránulos de almidón, esto disminuyó el contenido de amilosa y promovió cambios en la cristalinidad (FTIR y DRX). No se observaron diferencias significativas entre las fuentes vegetales utilizadas. Sin embargo, tras la modificación, el contenido de azúcares reductores aumentó. Además, se observó una mayor afinidad al agua, promoviendo una mayor tasa de absorción y solubilidad en agua a una temperatura de 30 °C. Su conclusión es que el grado de modificación causado por la HA a las altas temperaturas son depende de la fuente botánica, ampliando su versatilidad de usos.
Anthropocentricity of art journalism in the conditions of modern society
Authors: Sorokina Tatʹyana
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the main characteristics of modern art journalism, which allow us to assert its anthropocentricity. It is proved that the subject of creativity, which creates artistic images, as well as the work itself as a reflection of the value picture of the artist's world, his worldview and ideological concept are the subject of reception and analysis of art journalism. The anthropocentricity of art journalism as a whole is obvious because art itself is anthropocentric. However, in modern conditions of globalization and the development of postmodern worldview, the anthropocentricity of art journalism is undergoing certain transformations. The specificity of art discourse lies, first of all, in a pronounced appraisal and authorial modality, and the very representation of a work of art in a media text is determined by the level of professionalism and the degree of talent of its producer, as well as the social recognition of the artist and the very status of the work of art, determined by the interest of the public in it, the artist's innovation, the demand for a particular genre in the art industry. In the text-discursive space of mass art journalism, one can find the most revealing cases of interaction between institutional, professional and everyday discourses, which, on the one hand, significantly characterizes modern art journalism from the standpoint of its anthropocentricity, and on the other hand, allows us to evaluate the dynamic transformations inherent in it in postmodern conditions. The postmodern worldview deprives the art discourse of any stable coordinates in terms of terminology or the presence of professional art criticism competencies in an art journalist. A positive assessment in the discourse of art journalism is aimed at reflecting success, the predominance of the best qualities in the interpreted object, which is further enhanced by the use of art criticism terminological apparatus, however, texts with ambiguous evaluation and authorial modality are also presented in the text-discursive space.
Psicanálise, grupo e teoria da técnica: conselhos ao jovem coordenador de grupos
Authors: Fernandes Maria Inês Assumpção , Hur Domenico Uhng
Published: February 2022

Resumo Atualmente, na universidade, os estudos e pesquisas sobre psicanálise e grupos vêm aumentando. Contudo, muitos trabalhos sobre intervenção em grupos não descrevem como se realiza a análise grupal. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste artigo é sistematizar uma proposta de análise da cadeia associativa grupal, a partir dos ensinamentos de René Kaës e Enrique Pichon-Rivière. O método utilizado foi o de pesquisa bibliográfica em toda obra de Kaës e Pichon-Rivière, com a finalidade de identificar conceitos que ofereçam referências para a análise. Como resultados, discutimos as diferenças entre dispositivo, enquadramento e tarefa; as formas de realização do registro ou protocolo grupal; a análise da transferência; e a análise dos emergentes e do momento ideológico no grupo.
GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF SHALLOT var. TINOMBO FOLLOWING APPLICATION OF POTASSIUM FERTILIZER AND MANURE
Authors: MUHARDI
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT The response of shallot plants to potassium differs substantially depending on the cultivar, organic matter, soil conditions, and weather in the cultivation area. This research aimed to determine some of the growth characteristics of a Tinombo variety of shallot following treatment with an organic fertilizer comprising manure and potassium in the area of Palu, Central Sulawesi. This research took the form of a greenhouse experiment with planting in pots arranged in a completely randomized factorial pattern. The first factor was the application of chicken manure at 0 and 10 tons.ha-1, while the second factor was the dose of KCl fertilizer: 0 kg.ha-1; 30 kg.ha-1; 60 kg.ha-1 and 90 kg K2O.ha-1. Each treatment was replicated three times. The application of potassium and manure significantly affected the accumulation of dry matter and the linear growth rate of shallot var. Tinombo. Manure applied at 10 tons.ha-1 increased the leaf area index when combined with 0 to 60 kg K2O.ha-1. However, the addition of manure increased the net assimilation rate at all doses of potassium fertilizer. The number of bulbs and harvest index were affected by the amount of manure and potassium fertilizer applied, but there was no significant interaction between these two factors. Applying manure and K2O fertilizer resulted in a significantly higher number of bulbs and a better harvest index than in those cases where the two types of fertilizer were not applied.
VARIABILITY OF F2 PROGENIES OF CASTOR BEAN BY MEANS OF MORPHOAGRONOMIC DESCRIPTORS
Authors: CAPINAN GEAN CARLO SOARES , SILVA SIMONE ALVES , SOUZA DEOCLIDES RICARDO DE , SANTOS LAURENICE ARAUJO DOS , JESUS ILNEIDE BRAZ SANTOS DE
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT Morphoagronomic characterization is a basic requirement to identify a phenotypic profile of a population. The quantification of variability allows efficient selection of superior and divergent genotypes. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the variability among 490 genotypes and seven strains, from an F2 population of Ricinus communis L., in 35 morphoagronomic traits and 12 agronomic traits. For qualitative descriptors, the entropy technique was used in the percentage frequencies of each category, computing its level using the coefficient of Rényi (1961). Quantitative descriptors were subjected to analysis of variance by the F test, and Tukey test was performed at 1% probability level. Of the morphoagronomic traits used, 13 were related to plants, nine were related to inflorescence, six were related to fruits and seven were linked to seeds, in addition to 12 agronomic traits. The material was arranged in the field with families (strains of five families) interspersed with their respective parents (controls). Stem color, shape and number of racemes collected, main color, type of secondary color and hundred-seed weight have high variability in the population, with formation of 68 groups as a function of genetic similarity. The possibility of selection as to the number of racemes harvested is clear, so it is possible to identify genotypes with higher number, aiming to enhance crop yield.
GERMINATION OF CACTUS SEEDS UNDER SALINE STRESS
Authors: SILVA JOÃO HENRIQUE CONSTANTINO SALES , AZERÊDO GILVANEIDE ALVES DE
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT Cactus seeds in seasonal dry tropical forests are subject to several stressors, such as salt stress which limits imbibition and therefore germination. Thus, this study aimed to compare germination performance of Cereus jamacaru subsp. jamacaru and Pilosocereus pachycladus subsp. pernambucoensis seeds under salinity conditions. To this end, NaCl and KCl solutions were used in the following osmotic potentials: 0.0 (control),-0.2,-0.4,-0.6,-0.8,-1.0, and-1.2 MPa. Seeds were placed to germinate at 25 °C and 12-hour photoperiod. The number of germinated seeds was counted daily for 21 days after root protrusion. The variables analyzed were: water content, germination, normal seedlings, germination speed index, and average germination time. The experimental design was completely randomized, following a 2 × 7 factorial scheme (species × osmotic potential) for each saline source. Water restriction and ionic effect caused by salts favored seed germination and vigor in both species at-0.2 and-0.4 MPa. However, from-0.8 MPa onwards, germination decreased significantly for both salts. Seeds of C. jamacaru subsp. jamacaru and P. pachycladus subsp. pernambucoensis were tolerant to salt stress since they germinated up to-0.8 MPa (NaCl) and-1.2 MPa (KCl). The latter occurred only for P. pachycladus subsp. pernambucoensis.
BEETLE ASSEMBLAGE COMPOSITION (COLEOPTERA) ACROSS THE BORBOREMA PLATEAU IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL
Authors: ALENCAR JANDERSON BATISTA RODRIGUES , BRITO CARLOS HENRIQUE DE , BACCARO FABRÍCIO BEGGIATO , BICHO CARLA DE LIMA
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to compare soil beetle (Coleoptera) species composition between two sites on the Borborema Plateau in Northeastern Brazil. We collected 483 individuals belonging to 23 Coleoptera families and 75 species/morphospecies. On the east face of the Borborema Plateau (Areia-PB) we collected a total of 332 individuals representing 58 species/morphospecies and 21 families. On the west face (Cabaceiras-PB) we collected 151 individuals representing 24 species/morphospecies and eight families. Among the 75 total species/morphospecies collected, 51 occurred exclusively on the eastern face of the plateau and 17 occurred exclusively on the west face. Only seven morphospecies were sampled in both areas. The marked difference in beetle assemblage species composition between the west and east sides of the Borborema Plateau suggests that the positioning and climatic variations maintain and promote high levels of beetle diversity in northeastern Brazil.
Indicadores como ferramenta de Gestão em Organizações Sociais de educação profissional e tecnológica no Estado de Goiás
Authors: Magalhães Amanda Torres , Najberg Estela
Published: February 2022

Diante da emergência do Terceiro Setor e da necessidade de se avaliar a gestão de Organizações Sociais (OSs), este trabalho busca investigar quais indicadores de desempenho, propostos num contrato de gestão, podem refletir de maneira mais completa a avaliação do processo de gestão de Organizações Sociais de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica no Estado de Goiás. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar a pertinência dos indicadores propostos no Contrato de Gestão pela Secretaria e Estado e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (SEDI) para a avaliação das OSs a ela vinculadas.Para tanto, optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa, com estratégia do estudo de caso, que foi realizado na instituição Centro de Soluções em Tecnologia e Educação (CENTEDUC). A coleta de dados se deu por pesquisa documental, aplicação de questionários e entrevistas. A análise de conteúdo foi feita com o apoio do software NVivo, o que possibilitou extrair dados descritivos e inferir a análise qualitativa.Os resultados mostram que a grande maioria dos indicadores se mostrou pertinente em relação ao critério da periodicidade. Muitos dos indicadores atenderam ao quesito da factibilidade. Constatou-se ainda que os indicadores conseguiram captar a adequação da oferta de cursos em relação às demandas de qualificação regional. Boa parte dos indicadores é capaz de mensurar a capacidade de gestão e implementação dos agentes públicos. Por fim, os indicadores conseguiram evidenciar a capacidade de articulação institucional da organização e foram sugeridos alguns indicadores como: “desempenho dos gestores”; “rotatividade profissional” e “qualificação dos professores”.
Methods of сorrosion testing used for development and commercial exploitation of new shipbuilding steels and alloys. Part I. Laboratory corrosion tests
Authors: Al’khimenko A. A. , Davydov A. D. , Khar’kov A. A. , Mushnikova S. Yu. , Khar’kov O. A. , Parmenova O. N. , Yakovitskii A. A.
Published: February 2022

Shipbuilding steels and alloys may be subjected to various types of corrosion damage when exposed to sea water. For reliable long-term operation of ships and marine structures, despite the use of corrosion protection, materials are chosen that, in addition to the required mechanical properties, have sufficient corrosion resistance to ensure a given service life. Evaluation of corrosion resistance of new materials for use in shipbuilding was made by carrying out mandatory delivery trials using methods that have been repeatedly tested experimentally and whose results have been confirmed in practice. The complex study of corrosion resistance of steels and alloys is based on step-by-step laboratory, bench, and field tests. The review provides a brief description of laboratory corrosion test methods that are part of mandatory delivery trials. Parameters determining the aggressiveness of seawater as a corrosive medium, including salinity, oxygen content are considered. Laboratory test methods include electrochemical studies with determination of potential and rate of corrosion, pitting potential on the basis of polarization curves construction, as well as the generally accepted gravimetric method of corrosion rate determination. Installations for testing in moving (with varying flow rate) seawater are given.
On iron reduction from magnetite by gaseous reducing agents
Authors: Berdnikov V. I. , Gudim Yu. A.
Published: February 2022

The chemical process of iron reduction from magnetite by gaseous reducing agents is the basis of MIDREX technology implemented at the Oskol Electrometallurgical Plant (OEMK). In the paper, this process was modeled using the TERRA software package developed at the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. During the simulation, thermodynamic system Fe‒С‒О‒Н was analyzed at constant temperature (900  °C) and gas pressure (0.2026 MPa). Mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in different ratios, as well as individual components of natural hydrocarbon gases, were used as reducing agents. The chemical compositions of reducing agents were estimated by the gross formula СрОrHq , where p, r and q are stoichiometric coefficients. The results of the calculations were the expenses of the reducing gas m, necessary for the complete iron reduction from magnetite, which corresponded to the degree of iron metallization φ  =  1. In the future, the values m were used to evaluate the reducing abilities of various gas mixtures, and the values of φm – to determine the required expenses of these mixtures for iron reduction. Subsequent analysis showed that the machine calculation of the value m can be approximated with a small error (up to 0.001) by the formula where mC and mH are the partial costs of carbon and hydrogen for iron reduction, respectively, and mO is the partial oxygen consumption for iron oxidation. It was also established that the parameters of mC and mH depend on the process temperature and are interrelated in accordance with the equation where K is the chemical equilibrium constant of the “water gas reaction” CO + H2 O = CO2 + H2 , simultaneously occurring in the gas phase. The mO parameter is actually a constant independent of temperature and numerically equal to the value of (–4/3) moles per 1 mole of iron. The arguments of partial costs can also be characteristic molecular compounds accompanied with appropriate stoichiometric coefficients. In the practice of OEMK, natural gas consumption V is taken into account, measured in cubic meters per ton of sponge iron. The forecast of this value can be performed using the formula: In general, the proposed calculation algorithm of the chemical process can be correctly applied in the temperature range of 800 – 900 °C. Possible variations in the gas working pressure will not require significant adjustments in the calculation results.
Разрыв в ожидаемой продолжительности жизни между мужчинами и женщинами в развитых странах: больше общего или различного?
Authors: Вергелес Марина Олеговна
Published: February 2022

Разрыв в ожидаемой продолжительности жизни (ОПЖ) мужчин и женщин сокращается во всех развитых странах мира после его роста во второй половине XX века. Исследования, проведенные в Западной Европе и англоязычных странах, показали, что смертность населения в возрастах старше 50 лет от причин, связанных с курением, внесла наибольший вклад в увеличение и последующее уменьшение различий в ОПЖ между полами. Восточноевропейские страны, однако, отличаются высокой избыточной смертностью мужского населения в молодых и средних возрастах, которая не может объясняться только негативными последствиями курения. На основе данных Human Mortality Database мы проследили динамику различий в ОПЖ мужчин и женщин в 41 стране и 7 группах стран с конца 1950-х годов – периода, когда появились доступные данные для стран Восточной Европы. Для оценки вклада возрастов в максимальный разрыв ОПЖ и его последующее сокращение использованы методы пошаговой и контурной декомпозиции. Начало сокращения разрыва в ОПЖ сильно варьируется: от 1969 г. в Великобритании до 2009 г. в Греции. Также изменяется и величина максимального разрыва: в России она составила 13,7 года в 2005 г., в то время как Израиль прошел пик в 1999 г. со значением всего 4,4 года. Между странами существует стабильное во времени различие во вкладе возрастов в разрыв ОПЖ мужчин и женщин. Избыточная мужская смертность в молодых и средних возрастах (20–50 лет) в странах Восточной Европы определяет до 35% всей разницы в ОПЖ мужчин и женщин, в то время как в западноевропейских странах эта величина не превышает 20%. Неоднородность стран по уровню различий в смертности между мужчинами и женщинами добавляет новое измерение к уже известному разрыву в смертности между Востоком и Западом. Особенности страны необходимо учитывать при разработке политики общественного здравоохранения, направленной на сокращение неравенства в продолжительности жизни мужчин и женщин.
Возрастные различия здоровья и психологические ресурсы личности: ключевые теоретические концепции и результаты современных эмпирических исследований
Authors: Русинова Нина Львовна
Published: February 2022

В современных социологических исследованиях здоровья одно из ключевых направлений связано с анализом неравенств – его состояние заметно хуже у тех, кто располагается в нижних ярусах общественной стратификации, и лучше в стратах с высоким социально-экономическим статусом. Существуют и возрастные неравенства в здоровье: его ухудшение с возрастом, в основном обусловленное естественными процессами старения организма, в немалой степени зависит и от социальных факторов, способных ускорять или замедлять эти процессы. В последние годы при анализе неравенств в здоровье кроме факторов материальной депривации, связанных с социально-экономическим статусом человека, внимание исследователей стали привлекать и социопсихологические переменные, фиксирующие устойчивость индивида к трудностям жизни и вызываемым ими стрессовым воздействиям. В статье представлен обзор западных исследований, посвященных значению психологических ресурсов личности в связи с проблемой выраженности возрастных неравенств в здоровье. Обсуждаются 2 ответвления в этой проблемной области: в одном в фокусе внимания находится вопрос о воздействии психологических ресурсов на здоровье на разных этапах жизненного пути, а во втором анализируются возрастные изменения, которые происходят с самими психологическими ресурсами человека. Описываются полученные научные факты, свидетельствующие о роли таких психологических конструктов, как способность индивида контролировать свою жизнь, личностная самооценка, уверенность в собственных силах, оптимизм, устойчивость к трудностям жизни. Отмечается, что общая картина, хотя и при возможном рассогласовании некоторых результатов, достаточно определенно указывает на важную роль личностных качеств для поддержания здоровья, особенно в старших возрастах. Работы также свидетельствуют, что психологические ресурсы меняются с возрастом, подчиняясь нелинейной зависимости. Обсуждаются перспективные для дальнейшего анализа области исследований, работы в которых только начинают разворачиваться. Наиболее обещающим представляется изучение психологической модерации и медиации возрастных различий в здоровье, а также выраженности таких эффектов в различных общественных контекстах, определяемых экономическим развитием, социальным государством и культурой.
Total DNA extraction from microalgae strain samples using NucleoSpin Plant modified kit (Macherey Nagel) v1
Authors: Romac Sarah
Published: February 2022

This DNA extraction protocol allows to get both eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA from microalgae strains, so the microbiome diversity can be studied in cultures by using this protocol.
[RETRACTED] F1 Keto - All Natural Dietary Weight Loss Supplement v1
Authors: not provided Keto
Published: February 2022

[RETRACTED]

https://dietaryhealthsupplement.blogspot.com/2022/02/f1-keto-all-natural-dietary-weight-loss.html
[RETRACTED] Health News Mart 24x7 Skin Care Cream v1
Authors: not provided health
Published: February 2022

[RETRACTED]

Health News Mart 24x7 Skin Care Cream
DNA Extract wash from filter paper stored at room temperature v3
Authors: Izenour Katie , Kalalah Anwar , Salib Fayez , Zohdy Sarah
Published: February 2022

Preservation of samples requiring cold-chain storage is an often unavoidable challenge especially when doing laboratory work outside the western world. Samples are a precious commodity and it is imperative to maintain their viability. One method for collection and storage of samples in a liquid form (blood, saliva, serum) at room temperature is on filter paper cards like the Cellabs Tropbio Filter Paper Blood Collection Disks™. Methods and protocols exist for the use and recovery of whole blood from filter paper discs. This protocol describes the wash and recovery of DNA extracted from whole blood using the Qiagen DNeasy Extraction kit and dried on filter paper, re-suspended after several months of room temperature storage and use in conventional PCR. This protocol was used to suspend DNA extracted from the wholeblood of Dogs in Cairo, Egypt. The DNA was extracted using the Qiagen DNEasy Extraction Kit and placed on Cellabs Tropbio Filter Paper Blood Collection Disks™ (filter paper). The DNA dried on the filter paper overnight and was stored in plastic self-closure baggies for several months before being washed off and used in Conventional PCR. The use case described here is of a dog who was PCR positive for Babesia spp. using a sample of whole blood washed from the filter paper as well as dried DNA from filter paper.
Dephosphorylation of 5´-ends of DNA using Antarctic Phosphatase (NEB #M0289) v3
Authors: England Biolabs New
Published: February 2022

This is the protocol for dephosphorylation of 5'-ends of DNA using AnP (Antarctic Phosphatase - M0289).
Non-radioactive phosphorylation with T4 PNK (M0201) v2
Authors: England Biolabs New
Published: February 2022

Protocol for non-radioactive phosphorylation with T4 PNK.
Blunting ends by 3’ overhang removal and 3’ recessed (5’ overhang) end fill-in using T4 DNA Polymerase (M0203) v3
Authors: England Biolabs New
Published: February 2022

Protocol for blunting ends by 3' overhang removal and fill-in of 3' recessed (5' overhang) ends using T4 DNA Polymerase.
Cryogrinding protocol : mecanic lysis of planktonic filter for RNA/DNA extraction v1
Authors: Romac Sarah
Published: February 2022

Cell Lysis can be difficult to conduct for envirronmental water samples collected on big filters, specially when big water volumes (20-100L) have been filtered on polycarbanate 142mm-diameter filters. Here we developped a mecanic lyis protocol in liquid nitrogen conditions to get preserved DNA and RNA. This protocol was developped for combined RNA and DNA extraction from environmental water samples for Biomarks (2009-2013) and TARA OCEANS projects (2009-ongoing).
Determining Genome Targeting Efficiency using T7 Endonuclease I (M0302) v4
Authors: England Biolabs New
Published: February 2022

T7 Endonuclease I recognizes and cleaves non-perfectly matched DNA. This protocol describes how to determine genome targeting efficiency by digesting annealed PCR products with T7 Endonuclease I. In the first step PCR products are produced from the genomic DNA of cells whose genomes were targeted using Cas9, TALEN, ZFN etc. In the second step, the PCR products are annealed and digested with T7 Endonuclease I. Fragments are analyzed to determine the efficiency of genome targeting.
PROSPECTS FOR HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT OF UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Hrebonozhko Yevhen
Published: February 2022

Systematic work on the formation, improvement and development of human resources is the key to the effective functioning and stable operation of the entire civil service system in the country. Ongoing work on training is relevant both for the capital and for the most remote and smallest settlements of Ukraine. However, while in large cities, staffing is usually not a problem, it is a critical issue for the newly formed united territorial communities across the country. The reform of decentralization of power and the transfer of a number of competencies to local governments have revealed an acute shortage of people who would have the necessary competencies and knowledge to implement the ideas laid down in the reform. Some settlements of our country are actively continuing to lose their human potential. They suffer from urbanization, internal migration, demographic crisis, and so on. This is what makes it necessary to develop and implement a national human resources development program in order to effectively complete the implementation of decentralization reform and establish the further functioning of local government in newly created communities. The article theoretically substantiates the need to develop an effective system of human resources development of the regions of Ukraine, taking into account European experience and international standards in this area. The analysis and systematization of scientific sources revealed that the newly created united territorial communities, which were created as a result of administrative-territorial reform, faced the problem of lack of competent staff, which makes it impossible for them to perform new functions. The study analyzed the European experience in forming a system of human resources development, highlighted the current problems in domestic personnel policy, identified a number of recommendations for improving human resource management processes in Ukraine.
Correlation of private and public principles in the legal regulation of the use of genomic and assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: Bogdanova E. E.
Published: February 2022

In the present article the author notes that the achievements of modern science in the field of biomedicine, in addition to ethical and moral issues, also raise the problem of determining the limits of state intervention in the regulation of the use of genomic and assisted reproductive technologies. This problem, to a certain extent, continues the discussion regarding the effect of public-law principles in the sphere of civil legislation.In this connection, the question arises about the right of the state to interfere in the decision-making process of parents regarding the birth of children through the use of appropriate technologies, to establish age and other restrictions on persons who resort to these technologies, to determine the specifics of parental legal relations for such persons, etc., that is, to a large extent intrude on the private sphere of the citizen, the sphere that constitutes the privacy of his life.The presented analysis of legislation and judicial practice shows that all states are currently in search of a fair balance between private and public interests in an area that has traditionally been governed exclusively by the private will of the person, in the sphere of the exercise of his or her reproductive right. That is why it is so difficult for society to perceive various interventions of public authorities, that is why it is so important that society does not perceive them as unfair.As a result, the author concludes that as a priority the interests of the weak party in the relationship arising from the use of genomic and assisted reproductive technologies should be considered and protected — the interests of the child born with such technologies, while not allowing violation of the rights to life and health of others involved in such relationships, unreasonable invasion of their privacy.
The Rights to one’s own Interest and one’s Will in the Conditions of Digitalization of Property Relations
Authors: Rodionova O. M.
Published: February 2022

From the analysis of the state of property relations mediated by digital information systems, it follows that they are highly likely associated with manipulation of public consciousness carried out by the owners of these systems in order to extract profit, which, at least, leads to a decrease in the level of trust in society, underlying any human interactions, and, as a consequence, increases conflict. It is proved that the probability of manipulation of public consciousness in “digitized” property relations entails doubts that their participants are actually guided by their real interest. It is proposed to comprehend one’s (personalized) interest and one’s (autonomous) will as subjective rights of the most general type, to determine the limits of their implementation and protection measures, including preventive ones, within the relevant provisions of civil, antimonopoly, information legislation, as well as legislation on the protection of personal data.
Civil status of cyber-physical systems before and after implantation in the human body
Authors: Anisimov A. V.
Published: February 2022

The status of the cyber-physical system under the Russian civil law before and after implantation into the human body is the main objective of this article. The question of the CPS similarity to the human organ is considered, as well as the complex legal nature of CPS after implantation. There is no unified classification of implants in the legislation, therefore, it is problematic to determine the requirements applicable to CPS. The features of the CPS make it possible to recognize it as a medical device of both temporary and permanent nature. The status of the CPS as a medical device limits the range of subjects who are allowed to handle such a device. Until the moment of implantation, the CPS is a thing in the civil law sense, but after implantation into the human body, this status is transformed into the status of an organ, which excludes the CPS from the objects of civil law. It is proposed to establish the mixed nature of the CPS for the application of civil law rules and after implantation.The issues of liability and of the legal destiny after the death of CPS recipient are researched.
Francisco Brines: la luz de las palabras
Authors: Andújar Almansa José
Published: February 2022

RESUMEN: Palabras a la oscuridad (1966) resulta un libro céntrico dentro de la producción literaria de Francisco Brines. En sus páginas aparecen por vez primera perfectamente perfilados su voz y su mundo poético. Esto es así porque el libro adopta un tono de ficción biográfica que crea una intimidad con el lector, y porque da cuenta de una serie de experiencias, situaciones y lugares sobre los que el poeta volverá reiteradamente en sus libros posteriores: la casa y el paisaje de Elca; su visión de lo mediterráneo, que lo convierte en un poeta de raíces clásicas y humanistas; su estancia en Oxford; sus viajes por Italia y Grecia, en los que vida y arte, tiempo y espacio, se mezclan y confunden deliberadamente; y, por último, el trascendental episodio amoroso que marcará toda su vida sentimental. Pero el estilo de Brines, aparentemente sereno y elegíaco, resulta a su vez complejo cuando se adentra en laberintos temporales, que arrojan sombras sobre la identidad y la existencia del poeta a la vez que sobre la de sus lectores. Entonces el poeta elegíaco se convierte en poeta metafísico.PALABRAS CLAVE: Francisco Brines; Palabras a la oscuridad; ficción biográfica; poesía elegíaca; poesía metafísica.
Mobiliario, objetos decorativos y proyectos de ambientación de Fortunato Depero (1919- 1959)
Authors: Mancebo Roca Juan Agustín
Published: February 2022

Fortunato Depero fue un artista polifacético que investigó la mayoría de las disciplinas artísticas y literarias desde su militancia futurista. Con el objetivo de reconstruir el mundo bajo los principios de la vanguardia, el mobiliario supuso uno más de sus programas de actuación que evolucionaría del mueble y los objetos decorativos exentos a complejos integrales. A partir de las diversas etapas de la Casa d´Arte Futurista Depero, su taller de artes aplicadas en Rovereto –con episódicas sucursales en París y Nueva York–, el mobiliario iría cobrando más importancia a través de una serie de intervenciones junto a los artesanos y empresas trentinas en los que elaboraron piezas de influencia futurista y tirolesa. En su última etapa se convertiría en uno de los pioneros en la utilización del buxus, un producto autárquico para la decoración en madera, que implementaría igualmente en el diseño de mobiliario y los objetos decorativos.
Sobre los Concursos Nacionales de Escultura, grabado, arte decorativo, arquitectura y pintura (1922-1936)
Authors: Fernández García Ana María
Published: February 2022

Reseña acerca del último libro publicado por Lola Caparrós acerca de los Concursos Nacionales que, hasta el estallido de la Guerra Civil, intentaron dinamizar el panorama artístico español.
Amueblando viñetas. El diseño contemporáneo visto desde el cómic y viceversa
Authors: Ribeiro Dos Santos Renata
Published: February 2022

Reseña del libro Moblant vinyetes. El disseny contemporani vist des del còmic i viceversa. Amueblando viñetas. El diseño contemporáneo visto desde el cómic y viceversa, editado por el Museo del Disseny de Barcelona, Ajuntametn de Barcelona, Associació per a l’estudi del moble.
Breves notas para el estudio sobre los negocios de carpintería y ebanistería en Alicante entre finales del siglo XIX y el primer tercio del siglo XX
Authors: Sánchez Izquierdo Pablo
Published: February 2022

El desarrollo urbanístico y cultural alcanzado en Alicante desde mediados del siglo XIX desembocó en la aparición de multitud de talleres e industrias artísticas aplicadas a la arquitectura y la construcción. Algunos estudios precedentes a este han mencionado brevemente negocios pertenecientes al campo del mosaico, la escultura, la fundición, la cerámica o la decoración de interiores como muestra de las mejoras alcanzadas en la capital de la provincia. Este trabajo parte de estas aportaciones, pero centra sus esfuerzos en establecer un acercamiento mayor a las carpinterías y los establecimientos de fabricación y venta de mobiliario. A través del tratamiento de fuentes de diversa índole recoge el nombre de treinta y cuatro firmas comerciales y aporta datos sobre sus fechas de actividad, el tipo de enseres que distribuyeron y la ubicación de algunas de estas creaciones.