bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation on quality of smoked Scad Mackerel (Decapterus ruselli) processed using different fuels
Authors: Ohoiwutun Maria Kristina , Tumiwa Bruri Berel , Serpara Saul Abraham , Nara Selfia Martha , Tuarita Mirna Zena
Published: June 2020

Scad mackerel (Decapterus ruselli) possessed potentiality as a valuable fisheries commodity in Maluku, mainly due to its abundant stock. As commonly found in fisheries products, the scad mackerel is also perishable; besides, the fish has a small quantity of flesh and undesirable taste, which make it receiving rejections from local communities. In light of this constraint, preservation of fish using smoking method is acceptable, enabling to combine heat and chemical substances as product of burning. The experiment aimed at investigating the quality of smoked scad mackerel treated with different fuels. Our experiment was arranged according to completely randomized design with two treatments, i.e. fish forms (whole (A); butterfly (B)) and fuels (coconut shell (1); sawdust (2); coco fiber (3)). The smoked fish was then evaluated for chemical composition (mositure, ash, protein) and preference (appearance, odor, form, texture). The results showed that the highest score for each parameter was achieved in different treatments as follows: appearance of 7,95 (A1), odor of 8,00 (A1), form of 7,0 B3 (7,9), texture of 7,95 (B3), moisture content of 66,68 (B1), ash content of 3,98 (A3) and protein content of 49,89 (B3).
Production of Bioethanol from Napier grass: Comparison in Pre-treatment and Fermentation Methods
Authors: Taufikurahman  , Sherly  , Jessica  , Delimanto W O
Published: June 2020

Bioethanol as alternative renewable energy can be derived from lignocellulosic biomass. One of the potential biomass that can be used for bioethanol is Napier grass(Pennisetum purpureumSchumach). Napier grass has a high content of cellulose which can be utilized as a substrate for fermentation process. A better understanding of bioconversion of Napier grass into bioethanol is essential for enhancing its performance. In this study, three biological agents were involved,Aspergillus nigerandPhanerochaete chrysosporiumfor delignification andNeurospora sitophilafor cellulase and bioethanol production in solid-state and submerged fermentation. Alkaline pretreatment using Ca(OH)2 and NaOH were conducted in this study. The result showed biological pretreatment usingAspergillus nigergave a higher delignification yield compared to alkaline pretreatment. For cellulase production, solid-state fermentation resulted in a higher enzyme activity compared to submerged fermentation and for bioethanol production, submerged fermentation yielded higher bioethanol compared to solid-state fermentation system but the difference was not too significant.
Biorefinery Approach for Biodiesel Production from Microalgae
Authors: Punyanan J P
Published: June 2020

As the availability of fossil fuel resources is decreasing and leads to energy crisis all around the world, the researchers now are looking for potential renewable sources that can be transformed into energy and replace fossil fuel resources. One of the most potential resources for fuels with many applications is microalgae. As a highly populated country with 264 million, the development of microalgae for biodiesel in Indonesia is needed to fulfill the high energy demand. With wide territorial waters and a tropical climate in Indonesia, microalgae cultivation can be conducted massively. There is no need for land to cultivate microalgae. It is only required water, CO2, and sunlight. The biorefinery approach can be used to produce biodiesel from microalgae and keep the greenhouse gases (GHG) near to negligible. The wastewater generated from the process can be used again as the input of the pond for cultivation. Therefore, this biorefinery approach is promising to enhance national energy and income by optimizing the microalgae development in Indonesia.
Developing Reference Building for Campus Type Buildings in Universitas Gadjah Mada
Authors: Utami S S , Sihotang A , Ardiyanto B , Prayitno B
Published: June 2020

The building sector has been the highest consumer in the total energy consumption in Indonesia, in which the building sector shared 39% of the national energy consumption. A university is a campus that consists of the landscapes and buildings with many kinds of academic and social activities that creates a type of energy consumption profile. This paper aims to demonstrate the importance of having a complete and reliable audit data of a university to develop reference building for campuses. The reference building serves as a building benchmark model for energy consumption, for 20 faculties in Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) with more than 200 buildings. The energy consumption model of the buildings is developed using the CLTD/SCL/CLF calculation method. Data of the building geometry, building envelope, and building profile are using data collected from a green campus assessment tools (GreenmetricUI) by walkthrough audit. The research compared the energy profile obtained from the audit data and the model calculated. It is shown that the energy profile model from the CLTD/SCL/CLF method is generally higher than the reported energy consumptions from electricity bills. It can be concluded that the main success in developing a reference building is by having a reliable audit data and a complete record of the electricity bills to validate the model. Once the energy profile obtained from the CLTD/SCL/CLF modeling is available, the data can be used for modelling reference building using energy model software.
Effect of Tilt Angle of Building-Integrated Wind Turbine and Photovoltaic Façade on Wind Pressure and Solar Radiation
Authors: Mintorogo D S , Elsiana F , Budhiyanto A
Published: June 2020

This study investigated the potential impacts of wind pressure and incident solar radiation on a building tilted façade installed with micro wind turbine and photovoltaic panels as a second skin façade for generating electricity. The wind pressure will affect wind turbine rotation, and solar radiation will affect the energy produced by the photovoltaic. The study used simulation modeling software to analyze the wind pressure and solar radiation received on the tilted façade. The research found that the force received by the tilted façade is more significant than that received by the 90° tilted fagade. The smaller the tilted-angle of the fagade, the more radiation received by the PV panel. Conversely, the larger tilted-angle of the building façade, the less radiation received by the photovoltaic, despite the wind pressure received by the wind turbine being higher than that received by the 90° tilt façade. However, the more radiation received by the fagade, the more heat received by the building.
Planning and Designing UPI Science and Techno Park as a Green Campus Center in Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Authors: Devitama F F , Paramita B , Ardiani N A
Published: June 2020

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI) plans Science and Techno Park to improve UPI’s ranking in the Green Campus Ranking in the world. Currently, UPI is ranked 44th in Indonesia, or equivalent to 100 in Asia (1000 in the world). So, to improve UPI’s ranking, an area is needed to develop research in the Green Campus field. The developed Science and Techno Park have a research focus in the fields of infrastructure, energy, waste, water, and transportation management. UPI Science and Techno Park use the High Technology Architecture Theme. So, Science and Techno Park can support the UPI area to become Green Campus based on criteria issued by Green Metric UI. Science and Techno Park UPI facilitates research collaboration with outside companies for further research by researchers. Science and Techno Park can facilitate commercialized, produced, and marketed to the public.
Transit Integrated Design in Poris-Plawad Tangerang Transit Oriented Development Area: Terminal and Station
Authors: Nabila A S , Paramita B , Minggra R , Koerniawan M D
Published: June 2020

Poris-Plawad Terminal and Batu Ceper Station are transit nodes located at Toris Poris Plawad, Tangerang City. There are several criteria to become a transit point for the TOD area listed in the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning / Head of the Republic of Indonesia’s National Defense Agency No. 16 of 2017; PM. 47 of 2014; PM. 40 of 2015; and ITDP (Institute of Transportation Development Policy), which is one of the criteria is integration. Based on the existing criteria, Poris Plawad Terminal and Batu Ceper Station have not met the current criteria, among others; lack of integration between the terminal and station and integration with the surrounding area; It is difficult for pedestrians and cyclists to move around in the transit node. Circulation mixed with vehicles; and also, the lack of facilities at terminals and stations. This study discusses recommendations in terms of the architectural design of a transit node that can meet the criteria that have not been met in the TOD Poris Plawad area. The method used is to conduct studies such as regional studies, activity studies, and circulation studies. This study will be analyzed and processed to produce a design concept recommendation for a Poris Plawad mix-use building that meets the TOD criteria and government regulations.
A-22 Gender Effects and Self-Reported Symptomatology at Baseline
Authors: Horne K , Gilmore M , Bennett R , Lashley L
Published: June 2020

Objective

To examine potential effects of gender on self-reported symptomatology in athletes who did not report a prior concussion history at baseline using ImPACT.

Method

Participants were selected from an archival de-identified sports medicine ImPACT database. The sample (N = 28,616) consisted of primarily male (58.2%) student athletes in South Florida with a mean age of 15.36 years (SD = 1.332). An exploratory factor analysis performed by Kontos and colleagues (2012) was utilized to categorize ImPACT self-reported symptomatology into four symptom groups: Affective, Sleep, Cognitive, and Vestibular Somatic. An independent samples t-test was conducted to determine the relationship between gender and self-reported symptoms at baseline. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.01.

Results

The independent samples t-test determined significant differences (p < .001) between gender and self-reported symptomatology regarding cognitive (d = 0.14), affective (d = 0.30), sleep (d = 0.13), and vestibular somatic symptoms (d = 0.17). Descriptive statistics revealed females on average reported more symptoms than males at baseline.

Conclusions

Findings indicate females are more likely to endorse sleep, emotion, and somatic symptoms in comparison to males at baseline. The results suggest that gender may be a mediating factor in regards to self-reported symptomatology, and should be accounted for when comparing baseline assessments to post-injury. Additionally, these results suggest self-reported symptomatology may be an accurate representation of athlete’s baseline functioning and are not solely related to post injury complications. Going forward, one’s self-reported symptomatology at baseline should be highly considered when clearing athletes for both return to learn and play.
Development and Preliminary Validation of Standardized Regression-Based Change Scores as Measures of Transitional Cognitive Decline
Authors: Kiselica Andrew M , Kaser Alyssa N , Webber Troy A , Small Brent J , Benge Jared F
Published: June 2020

Objective

An increasing focus in Alzheimer’s disease and aging research is to identify transitional cognitive decline. One means of indexing change over time in serial cognitive evaluations is to calculate standardized regression-based (SRB) change indices. This paper includes the development and preliminary validation of SRB indices for the Uniform Data Set 3.0 Neuropsychological Battery, as well as base rate data to aid in their interpretation.

Method

The sample included 1,341 cognitively intact older adults with serial assessments over 0.5–2 years in the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Database. SRB change scores were calculated in half of the sample and then validated in the other half of the sample. Base rates of SRB decline were evaluated at z-score cut-points, corresponding to two-tailed p-values of .20 (z = −1.282), .10 (z = −1.645), and .05 (z = −1.96). We examined convergent associations of SRB indices for each cognitive measure with each other as well as concurrent associations of SRB indices with clinical dementia rating sum of box scores (CDR-SB).

Results

SRB equations were able to significantly predict the selected cognitive variables. The base rate of at least one significant SRB decline across the entire battery ranged from 26.70% to 58.10%. SRB indices for cognitive measures demonstrated theoretically expected significant positive associations with each other. Additionally, CDR-SB impairment was associated with an increasing number of significantly declined test scores.

Conclusions

This paper provides preliminary validation of SRB indices in a large sample, and we present a user-friendly tool for calculating SRB values.
Inter Organizational Practice Committee Recommendations/Guidance for Teleneuropsychology in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic†
Authors: Bilder Robert M , Postal Karen S , Barisa Mark , Aase Darrin M , Cullum C Munro , Gillaspy Stephen R , Harder Lana , Kanter Geoffrey , Lanca Margaret , Lechuga David M , Morgan Jennifer M , Most Randi , Puente Antonio E , Salinas Christine M , Woodhouse Jonathan
Published: June 2020

Objective

The Inter Organizational Practice Committee convened a workgroup to provide rapid guidance about teleneuropsychology (TeleNP) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method

A collaborative panel of experts from major professional organizations developed provisional guidance for neuropsychological practice during the pandemic. The stakeholders included the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology/American Board of Clinical Neuropsychology, the National Academy of Neuropsychology, Division 40 of the American Psychological Association, the American Board of Professional Neuropsychology, and the American Psychological Association Services, Inc. The group reviewed literature; collated federal, regional, and state regulations and information from insurers; and surveyed practitioners to identify best practices.

Results

Literature indicates that TeleNP may offer reliable and valid assessments, but clinicians need to consider limitations, develop new informed consent procedures, report modifications of standard procedures, and state limitations to diagnostic conclusions and recommendations. Specific limitations affect TeleNP assessments of older adults, younger children, individuals with limited access to technology, and individuals with other individual, cultural, and/or linguistic differences. TeleNP may be contraindicated or infeasible given specific patient characteristics, circumstances, and referral questions. Considerations for billing TeleNP services are offered with reservations that clinicians must verify procedures independently. Guidance about technical issues and “tips” for TeleNP procedures are provided.

Conclusion

This document provides provisional guidance with links to resources and established guidelines for telepsychology. Specific recommendations extend these practices to TeleNP. These recommendations may be revised as circumstances evolve, with updates posted continuously at IOPC.online.
Self-Awareness Moderates the Association Between Executive Dysfunction and Functional Independence After Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Villalobos Dolores , Caperos José M , Bilbao Álvaro , Bivona Umberto , Formisano Rita , Pacios Javier
Published: June 2020

Objective

Impaired self-awareness (SA) is a common symptom after suffering acquired brain injury (ABI) which interferes with patient’s rehabilitation and their functional independence. SA is associated with executive function and declarative memory, two cognitive functions that are related to participants’ daily living functionality. Through this observational study, we aim to explore whether SA may play a moderator role in the relation between these two cognitive processes and functional independence.

Method

A sample of 69 participants with ABI completed a neuropsychological assessment focused on executive function and declarative memory which also included a measure of SA and functional independence. Two separated linear models were performed including functional independence, SA, and two neuropsychological factors (declarative memory and executive function) derived from a previous principal component analysis.

Results

Moderation analysis show a significant interaction between SA and executive function, reflecting an association between lower executive functioning and poorer functional outcome, only in participants with low levels of SA. Notwithstanding, declarative memory do not show a significant interaction with SA, even though higher declarative memory scores were associated with better functional independence.

Conclusions

SA seems to play a moderator effect between executive function, but not declarative memory, and functional independence. Accordingly, participants with executive deficits and low levels of SA might benefit from receiving specific SA interventions in the first instance, which would in turn positively impact on their functional independence.
Predicting human microbe–drug associations via graph convolutional network with conditional random field
Authors: Long Yahui , Wu Min , Kwoh Chee Keong , Luo Jiawei , Li Xiaoli
Published: June 2020

Motivation

Human microbes play critical roles in drug development and precision medicine. How to systematically understand the complex interaction mechanism between human microbes and drugs remains a challenge nowadays. Identifying microbe–drug associations can not only provide great insights into understanding the mechanism, but also boost the development of drug discovery and repurposing. Considering the high cost and risk of biological experiments, the computational approach is an alternative choice. However, at present, few computational approaches have been developed to tackle this task.

Results

In this work, we leveraged rich biological information to construct a heterogeneous network for drugs and microbes, including a microbe similarity network, a drug similarity network and a microbe–drug interaction network. We then proposed a novel graph convolutional network (GCN)-based framework for predicting human Microbe–Drug Associations, named GCNMDA. In the hidden layer of GCN, we further exploited the Conditional Random Field (CRF), which can ensure that similar nodes (i.e. microbes or drugs) have similar representations. To more accurately aggregate representations of neighborhoods, an attention mechanism was designed in the CRF layer. Moreover, we performed a random walk with restart-based scheme on both drug and microbe similarity networks to learn valuable features for drugs and microbes, respectively. Experimental results on three different datasets showed that our GCNMDA model consistently achieved better performance than seven state-of-the-art methods. Case studies for three microbes including SARS-CoV-2 and two antimicrobial drugs (i.e. Ciprofloxacin and Moxifloxacin) further confirmed the effectiveness of GCNMDA in identifying potential microbe–drug associations.

Availability and implementation

Python codes and dataset are available at: https://github.com/longyahui/GCNMDA.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Analysing phenotypic variation in barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) across China to assess subspecies status
Authors: Liu Yu , Scordato Elizabeth S C , Zhang Zhengwang , Evans Matthew , Safran Rebecca J
Published: June 2020

Phenotypic variation is often used to delineate species and subspecies boundaries. Statistical analysis of phenotypic variation within a species is helpful both for understanding biodiversity and for its conservation. At least three named subspecies of barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) have distributions that span China, yet, to date, no systematic study of phenotypic differentiation has been applied to understand the delineation of these subspecies. In this study, we collected 510 samples of barn swallow from 23 populations in China, including two recognized subspecies, H. r. rustica and H. r. gutturalis, and one potential subspecies, H. r. mandschurica. With these samples, we examined and found morphometric and colour differences among different populations. Western Chinese barn swallows (H. r. rustica) have larger body size and could be clearly differentiated from eastern H. r. gutturalis and H. r. mandschurica, while north-eastern populations (named H. r. mandschurica) have darker, redder ventral plumage than H. r. rustica and H. r. gutturalis. However, we inferred that although there were phenotypic differences between H. r. mandschurica and H. r. gutturalis, they were not sufficiently distinct to assign them to separate subspecies based on the 75% rule for defining subspecies.
Protection as a Human Fundamental Need: Re-Conceiving Signs of Safety for Social Work in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Flynn Susan
Published: June 2020

Large-scale reform of statutory child protective services in the Republic of Ireland is underway, prompted by adoption of the national strengths-based and safety-organised practice approach, known as ‘Signs of Safety’ (SoS). Despite the radical change it impels, critical commentary from the academy on the conventions of SoS remains conspicuous by its absence. One reading of the ecological systems approach is that to appreciate implications of SoS for children and families at risk, we must surpass a sequestered concern with child protection and welfare alone. To substantiate this, and embed a reconceived Signs of Safety, human scale development theory is critically deployed through an augmented, rather than exclusive focus, on the axis of protection needs within the typology of fundamental human needs. To aid this, critical application of theory is partially reworked and appropriated through a life course perspective, to better account for lifespan positioning. Overall, the sustaining proposition of the paper is that academic interrogation of SoS is both a practical and ethical imperative, and a necessary complement to large-scale organisational change underway.
Embeddedness dilemma and alternative commoditization of social economy in rural China: a case study
Authors: He Yufei , Chui Ernest Wing Tak
Published: June 2020

This article identifies different aspects of the embeddedness dilemma in a rural social economy project in South China. The term ‘alternative commodification’ is proposed to summarize the practitioners’ strategy. This strategy highlighted social embeddedness of economic development, but on the other hand involved the village deeper into the commodification process. Participants of the project only focused on newly emerged economic opportunities, with little concern of the embeddedness goal. Based on social transformation theory of Wright, the article also identifies two social reproduction mechanisms brought by marketization reform as structural barriers for realizing embeddedness goal: universal commodification and consumerism, both of which intensify villagers’ demand for cash income and ignorance of social dimensions of the project. Future research also needs to identify more barriers and methods to overcome obstacles in the process of developing social economy.
Distributed Motor Control of Limb Movements in Rat Motor and Somatosensory Cortex: The Sensorimotor Amalgam Revisited
Authors: Halley Andrew C , Baldwin Mary K L , Cooke Dylan F , Englund Mackenzie , Krubitzer Leah
Published: June 2020

Which areas of the neocortex are involved in the control of movement, and how is motor cortex organized across species? Recent studies using long-train intracortical microstimulation demonstrate that in addition to M1, movements can be elicited from somatosensory regions in multiple species. In the rat, M1 hindlimb and forelimb movement representations have long been thought to overlap with somatosensory representations of the hindlimb and forelimb in S1, forming a partial sensorimotor amalgam. Here we use long-train intracortical microstimulation to characterize the movements elicited across frontal and parietal cortex. We found that movements of the hindlimb, forelimb, and face can be elicited from both M1 and histologically defined S1 and that representations of limb movement types are different in these two areas. Stimulation of S1 generates retraction of the contralateral forelimb, while stimulation of M1 evokes forelimb elevation movements that are often bilateral, including a rostral region of digit grasping. Hindlimb movement representations include distinct regions of hip flexion and hindlimb retraction evoked from S1 and hip extension evoked from M1. Our data indicate that both S1 and M1 are involved in the generation of movement types exhibited during natural behavior. We draw on these results to reconsider how sensorimotor cortex evolved.
Why does classical reception need disability studies?
Authors: Silverblank Hannah , Ward Marchella
Published: June 2020

Many of the ableist tropes around disability and disabled people in the modern world find their antecedents in ancient mythology and its reception, but the seemingly ‘traditional’ nature of these harmful tropes and reflexes of storytelling is not established by accident or in the absence of readers. We argue here that classical reception needs to look to disability studies for a methodology that will allow the field to begin to theorize the role of the reader in the perpetuation of the ideology of ableism and ideas of bodily normativity. The field of classical reception studies engages in the process of investigating how the ‘traditional’ comes to be accepted as pre-existing; as such, it is vital that classical reception look to disability studies for the tools with which to lay bare the ways in which the apparatus of ableism comes to seem traditional. This article sets out some strategies for bringing classical reception and disability studies together with the aim of developing a more critical philology, an ethically-invested method for doing classical reception, and the theoretical and practical tools to create a more inclusive field. In short, this article makes the case for ‘cripping’ classical reception studies.
The Cost of Human Capital Depreciation During Unemployment
Authors: Laureys Lien
Published: June 2020

This paper argues that human capital depreciation during unemployment generates an externality in job creation: firms ignore how their hiring decisions affect the skill composition of the future unemployment pool, and hence the output produced by new hires. As a consequence, job creation is too low from a social point of view. But the extent to which it is too low varies over the cycle. The reason is that the increase in the expected productivity of a new hire from next period’s unemployment pool caused by hiring an additional worker today, depends on the pool’s composition, which varies over the cycle.
Characterization of Roseibacterium persicicum sp. nov., and emended description of the genus Roseibacterium
Authors: Yoon Jaewoo
Published: June 2020

A novel alphaproteobacterium, designated as KMU-115T, was isolated from seawater collected on the coast of Chuam Beach, Republic of Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic characterization. The cells were pale apricot-colored, strictly aerobic, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile and chemoorganoheterotrophic. The novel isolate grew at NaCl concentrations of 0–7%, pH 6.0–9.5 and 10–45°C. A phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain KMU-115T belongs to the family ‘Rhodobacteraceae’, and that it had the greatest sequence similarity (96.8%) with ‘Roseibacterium beibuensis’ JLT1202rT. The major respiratory quinone system of the novel isolate was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) and the main (>10%) cellular fatty acid was C18:1 ω7c. The assembled draft genome size of strain KMU-115T was 3.71 Mbp. The genomic DNA G + C content was 70.8 mol%. Strain KMU-115T had phosphatidylglycerol, four unidentified aminolipids, an unidentified aminophospholipid and seven unidentified lipids as polar lipids. From the distinct polyphasic taxonomic characteristics, the strain is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Roseibacterium for which the name Roseibacterium persicicum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of R. persicicum sp. nov. is KMU-115T (= KCCM 90339T = NBRC 114190T). An emended description of the genus Roseibacterium is also provided.
Adjudicating the troubles: violence, memory, and criminal justice at the end of the Wars of Religion
Authors: Hamilton Tom
Published: June 2020

This article provides a new perspective on the themes of violence, memory and criminal justice at the end of the Wars of Religion by focusing on a particularly well-documented criminal case tried by the Parlement de Paris. Previous studies of the end of the troubles have often focused on the politics and personality of Henri IV or studied the memory culture of elites. This article instead examines how the witnesses who confronted the royalist military captain Mathurin de La Cange made use of a broad social memory of the civil wars and shows how their use of the courts formed part of a larger pattern of post-war conflict resolution. This was a time when people in France endured decades of warfare and confessional division, but nevertheless emerged determined to put an end to the violence by committing to resolve their disputes through the law.
Coping Patterns Among Primary Informal Dementia Caregivers in Singapore and Its Impact on Caregivers—Implications of a Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Yuan Qi , Wang Peizhi , Tan Tee Hng , Devi Fiona , Poremski Daniel , Magadi Harish , Goveas Richard , Ng Li Ling , Chong Siow Ann , Subramaniam Mythily
Published: June 2020

Background and Objectives

Existing studies typically explore the factor structure of coping strategies among dementia caregivers. However, this approach overlooks the fact that caregivers often use different coping strategies simultaneously. This study aims to explore the coping patterns of primary informal dementia caregivers in Singapore, examine their significant correlates, and investigate whether different patterns would affect the depressive symptoms of caregivers.

Research Design and Methods

Two hundred eighty-one primary informal caregivers of persons with dementia (PWD) were assessed. Coping strategies were measured by the Brief Coping Orientation to Problem Experienced inventory. A latent class analysis was performed to explore caregivers’ coping patterns, followed by logistic regressions to identify the significant correlates and the relationships between coping patterns and caregiver depression.

Results

The latent class analysis suggested a three-class solution that was featured by the frequency and variety of coping strategies used by caregivers—high coping (36.3%), medium coping (37.7%), and low coping (26.0%). Factors influencing the coping patterns of our sample were mainly related to caregivers’ individual resources such as personal characteristics and caregiving stressors like PWD’s problematic behaviors and caregiving burden. Compared to caregivers in the low coping group, those in the medium coping group had significantly higher risks of potential depression.

Discussion and Implications

The current study confirmed that there are distinct coping patterns among primary informal dementia caregivers, and caregivers with the low coping pattern had fewer depressive symptoms. Future research is needed to explore if coping patterns from our sample are generalizable to dementia caregivers elsewhere.
PICALM rescues glutamatergic neurotransmission, behavioural function and survival in a Drosophila model of Aβ42 toxicity
Authors: Yu Yifan , Niccoli Teresa , Ren Ziyu , Woodling Nathaniel S , Aleyakpo Benjamin , Szabadkai Gyorgy , Partridge Linda
Published: June 2020

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Genome-wide association studies have linked PICALM to AD risk. PICALM has been implicated in Aβ42 production and turnover, but whether it plays a direct role in modulating Aβ42 toxicity remains unclear. We found that increased expression of the Drosophila PICALM orthologue lap could rescue Aβ42 toxicity in an adult-onset model of AD, without affecting Aβ42 level. Imbalances in the glutamatergic system, leading to excessive, toxic stimulation, have been associated with AD. We found that Aβ42 caused the accumulation of presynaptic vesicular glutamate transporter (VGlut) and increased spontaneous glutamate release. Increased lap expression reversed these phenotypes back to control levels, suggesting that lap may modulate glutamatergic transmission. We also found that lap modulated the localization of amphiphysin (Amph), the homologue of another AD risk factor BIN1, and that Amph itself modulated postsynaptic glutamate receptor (GluRII) localization. We propose a model where PICALM modulates glutamatergic transmission, together with BIN1, to ameliorate synaptic dysfunction and disease progression.
C1orf194 deficiency leads to incomplete early embryonic lethality and dominant intermediate Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease in a knockout mouse model
Authors: Huang Cheng , Shen Zong Rui , Huang Jin , Sun Shun Chang , Ma Di , Li Mei Yi , Wang Zhi Kui , Zheng Ying Chun , Zheng Zhuo Jun , He Fei , Xu Xiaoyuan , Li Ziang , Zheng Bo Yang , Li Yue Mao , Xu Xiang Min , Xiong Fu
Published: June 2020

Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common inherited peripheral neuropathy and shows clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Mutations in C1orf194 encoding a Ca2+ regulator in neurons and Schwann cells have been reported previously by us to cause CMT disease. In here, we further investigated the function and pathogenic mechanism of C1or194 by generating C1orf194 knockout (KO) mice. Homozygous mutants of C1orf194 mice exhibited incomplete embryonic lethality, characterized by differentiation abnormalities and stillbirth on embryonic days 7.5–15.5. Heterozygous and surviving homozygous C1orf194 KO mice developed motor and sensory defects at the age of 4 months. Electrophysiologic recordings showed decreased compound muscle action potential and motor nerve conduction velocity in the sciatic nerve of C1orf194-deficient mice as a pathologic feature of dominant intermediate-type CMT. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed demyelination and axonal atrophy in the sciatic nerve as well as swelling and loss of mitochondrial matrix and other abnormalities in axons and Schwann cells. A histopathologic examination showed a loss of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord and muscle atrophy. Shorter internodal length between nodes of Ranvier and Schmidt–Lanterman incisures was detected in the sciatic nerve of affected animals. These results indicate that C1orf194 KO mice can serve as an animal model of CMT with a severe dominant intermediate CMT phenotype that can be used to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the disease and evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic strategies.
A systematic evaluation on reporting quality of modern studies on pulmonary heart valve implantation in large animals
Authors: Uiterwijk Marcelle , Vis Annemijn , de Brouwer Iris , van Urk Debora , Kluin Jolanda
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVES

Before new heart valves can be implanted safely in humans, animal experiments have to be performed. These animal experiments have to be clearly designed, analysed and reported to assess the accuracy and importance of the findings. We aimed to provide an overview of the reporting and methodological quality of preclinical heart valve research.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic literature search on biological and mechanical pulmonary valve implantations in large animals. We used the Animals in Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines to score the quality of reporting in each article. We compared the scores before and after the introduction of the ARRIVE guidelines (2010).

RESULTS

We screened 348 articles, of which 31 articles were included. The included articles reported a mean of 54.7% adequately scored ARRIVE items (95% confidence interval 52.2–57.3%). We did not identify a difference in reporting quality (54.7% vs 54.8%) between articles published before and after 2010. We found an unclear (lack of description) risk of selection bias, performance bias and detection bias.

CONCLUSIONS

The reporting quality of studies that implanted bioprosthetic or mechanical valves in the pulmonary position in the large animal model is not on the desired level. The introduction of the ARRIVE guidelines in 2010 did not improve the reporting quality in this field of research. Hereby, we want to emphasize the importance of clearly describing the methods and transparently reporting the results in animal experiments. This is of great importance for the safe translation of new heart valves to the clinic.

Clinical trial registration number

PROSPERO (CRD42019147895).
Monolingual Online Dictionaries for Learners of English and the Opportunities of the Electronic Medium: A Critical Survey
Authors: Heuberger Reinhard
Published: June 2020

Online dictionaries provide unique possibilities to both dictionary makers and users, in particular in the following areas (cf. Granger 2012: 4ff): Accessibility of data, multimedia functions, customization, hybridization, user-input and storage space. This article investigates the extent to which these opportunities have been exhausted in current online learner’s dictionaries. It demonstrates that the vast technological opportunities of the internet are only beginning to be fully exploited. While storage space, for example, is already being used effectively to provide additional example sentences and collocations, the dictionaries under investigation offer partly unsatisfactory functionality in terms of data accessibility and several other areas.
Multi-stage heat-pipe heat exchanger for improving energy efficiency of the HVAC system in a hospital operating room
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Authors: Sukarno Ragil , Putra Nandy , Hakim Imansyah Ibnu , Rachman Fadhil Fuad , Mahlia Teuku Meurah Indra
Published: June 2020

The demands of specific requirements related to thermal comforts, such as temperature, relative humidity, inside air exchange and other factors required in a hospital operating rooms, have necessitated the development of energy-efficient heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and efficient heat-recovery system using a heat-pipe heat exchanger (HPHE). The experiment was conducted by using HPHEs having three, six and nine rows, with four heat pipes in each row, arranged in a staggered configuration with a variation of fresh-air inlet temperature and velocity. The theoretical analysis was conducted using the ε-NTU method for predicting the effectiveness, outlet temperature of the evaporator side and energy recovery of the HPHE. The experimental results indicated that increasing the air-inlet temperature in the evaporator section and the number of rows increased the HPHE effectiveness but increasing the air-inlet velocity reduced the effectiveness. The highest effectiveness of 62.6% was obtained at an air-inlet temperature of 45°C with an air-inlet velocity of 2 m/s and a 9-row HPHE. The energy recovery of the HPHE increased with the number of rows, air-inlet temperature and air velocity in the evaporator section. The ε-NTU method can be used as a comparison method in the analysis of heat-recovery systems that apply HPHE air conditioning systems. Heat pipes that utilize cold-air exhaust from a room in an HVAC system can enhance efficiency and reduce emissions.
Dirac structures and variational formulation of port-Dirac systems in nonequilibrium thermodynamics
Authors: Gay-Balmaz François , Yoshimura Hiroaki
Published: June 2020

The notion of implicit port-Lagrangian systems for nonholonomic mechanics was proposed in Yoshimura & Marsden (2006a, J. Geom. Phys., 57, 133–156; 2006b, J. Geom. Phys., 57, 209–250; 2006c, Proc. of the 17th International Symposium on Mathematical Theory of Networks and Systems, Kyoto) as a Lagrangian analogue of implicit port-Hamiltonian systems. Such port-systems have an interconnection structure with ports through which power is exchanged with the exterior and which can be modeled by Dirac structures. In this paper, we present the notions of implicit port-Lagrangian systems and port-Dirac dynamical systems in nonequilibrium thermodynamics by generalizing the Dirac formulation to the case allowing irreversible processes, both for closed and open systems. Port-Dirac systems in nonequilibrium thermodynamics can be also deduced from a variational formulation of nonequilibrium thermodynamics for closed and open systems introduced in Gay-Balmaz & Yoshimura (2017a, J. Geom. Phys., 111, 169–193; 2018a, Entropy, 163, 1–26). This is a type of Lagrange–d’Alembert principle for the specific class of nonholonomic systems with nonlinear constraints of thermodynamic type, which are associated to the entropy production equation of the system. We illustrate our theory with some examples such as a cylinder-piston with ideal gas, an electric circuit with entropy production due to a resistor and an open piston with heat and matter exchange with the exterior.
Stochastic intracellular regulation can remove oscillations in a model of tissue growth
Authors: Banerjee M , Volpert V
Published: June 2020

The work is devoted to the analysis of cell population dynamics where cells make a choice between differentiation and apoptosis. This choice is based on the values of intracellular proteins whose concentrations are described by a system of ordinary differential equations with bistable dynamics. Intracellular regulation and cell fate are controlled by the extracellular regulation through the number of differentiated cells. It is shown that the total cell number necessarily oscillates if the initial condition in the intracellular regulation is fixed. These oscillations can be suppressed if the initial condition is a random variable with a sufficiently large variation. Thus, the result of the work suggests a possible answer to the question about the role of stochasticity in the intracellular regulation.
Presence of Antibodies Against Haemophilus influenzae Serotype a in Alaska Before and After the Emergence of Invasive Infections
Authors: McClure Max , Miernyk Karen , Bruden Dana , Rudolph Karen , Hennessy Thomas W , Bruce Michael G , Nolen Leisha D
Published: June 2020

Background

Haemophilus influenzae bacteria can cause asymptomatic carriage and invasive disease. Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) is an emerging cause of invasive disease in Alaska, with greatest burden occurring among rural Alaska Native (AN) children. The first case of invasive Hia (iHia) in Alaska was reported in 2002; however, it is unclear how long the pathogen has been in Alaska.

Methods

We quantified immunoglobulin G antibodies against Hia (anti-Hia) in 839 banked serum samples from Alaska residents, comparing antibody concentrations in samples drawn in the decades before (1980s and 1990s) and after (2000s) the emergence of iHia. We also assessed serum antibody concentration by age group, region of residence, and race.

Results

The anti-Hia was >0.1 µg/mL in 88.1% (348 of 395) and 91.0% (404 of 444) of samples from the decades prior and after the emergence of Hia, respectively (P = .17). No significant differences in antibody levels were detected between people from rural and urban regions (1.55 vs 2.08 µg/mL, P = .91 for age ≥5) or between AN and non-AN people (2.50 vs 2.60 µg/mL, P = .26).

Conclusions

Our results are consistent with widespread Hia exposure in Alaska predating the first iHia case. No difference in Hia antibody prevalence was detected between populations with differing levels of invasive disease.
Suboptimal Biological Sampling as a Probable Cause of False-Negative COVID-19 Diagnostic Test Results
Authors: Kinloch Natalie N , Ritchie Gordon , Brumme Chanson J , Dong Winnie , Dong Weiyan , Lawson Tanya , Jones R Brad , Montaner Julio S G , Leung Victor , Romney Marc G , Stefanovic Aleksandra , Matic Nancy , Lowe Christopher F , Brumme Zabrina L
Published: June 2020

False-negative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 test results can negatively impact the clinical and public health response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We used droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) to demonstrate that human DNA levels, a stable molecular marker of sampling quality, were significantly lower in samples from 40 confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases that yielded negative diagnostic test results (ie, suspected false-negative test results) compared with a representative pool of 87 specimens submitted for COVID-19 testing. Our results support suboptimal biological sampling as a contributor to false-negative COVID-19 test results and underscore the importance of proper training and technique in the collection of nasopharyngeal specimens.
MRI safety management in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices: Utilizing failure mode and effects analysis for risk optimization
Authors: Ryan James W , Murray Aoife S , Gilligan Paddy J , Bisset James M , Nolan Chris , Doyle Audrey , Emerson Barry , Galvin Joseph M , Murray John G
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are increasing in prevalence. Exposing patients with CIEDs to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can lead to adverse outcomes. This has led certain radiology departments to not accept MRI referrals related to patients with CIEDs. Patients with MR-conditional CIEDs can be safely scanned under specific conditions. Our institution has accepted such referrals since 2014. The aim of this study was to systematically identify and reduce risk in our CIED-MRI protocol using failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA).

Methods

A multidisciplinary FMEA team was assembled and included senior stakeholders from the CIED-MRI protocol. A process map was constructed followed by risk analysis and scoring. Targeted interventions were formulated and implemented; high-risk failure modes were prioritized. A new process map and protocol were drafted and repeat risk analysis was performed. Monitoring and re-evaluation of the CIED-MRI pathway were instigated at departmental quality assurance (QA) meetings.

Results

Interventions included direct CIED characterization using wireless technology pre-MRI, CIED programming and reprogramming in the MRI suite before and immediately after MRI reducing device downtime and continuous patient monitoring during MRI by a cardiac physiologist. The cumulative risk priority number (RPN) decreased from 1190 pre-FMEA to 492 post-FMEA.

Discussion

Despite the risk of exposing CIEDs to the MR environment, patients with MR-conditional CIEDs can be safely scanned with an appropriate multidisciplinary support. We found FMEA an indispensable tool in identifying and minimizing risk with no adverse events recorded since FMEA recommendations were implemented.
Rhythmic Flesh: How the Regulation of Bodily Rhythm Contributes to Spirituality in the Jesus Prayer, Medieval Dance, and African American Preaching
Authors: Eikelboom Lexi
Published: June 2020

Recent scholarship on the concept of flesh in Christianity points to the body’s susceptibility to change and influence from material phenomena as well as from social and discursive forces. But what are the processes by which such forces shape the body? This article argues, by analyzing three Christian practices from distinctive contexts—the Hesychast Jesus Prayer, medieval liturgical dance, and African American preaching—that rhythm is a key to understanding these processes. Each practice forms a body capable of connecting with spiritual forces by leveraging the body’s material rhythms and their symbolic associations through a process called entrainment in relation to a particular social context. The analysis of each practice, therefore, contributes to our understanding of how material and nonmaterial factors work together in the process of religious formation by uncovering the ways in which rhythm connects both dimensions.