bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiquantum tweezers generation using polarization mode identification
Authors: Pornsuwancharoen N. , Julajaturasirarath S. , Chaiyawong K. , Yupapin P. P.
Published: October 2011

We propose a new system of the multioptical tweezers array generation using dark‐bright soliton control within the multimicroring resonators and an add/drop filter.The dynamic tweezers are generated within an add/drop filter. By using the polarization mode identification, the entangle photon states of the tweezers can be formed, which is allowed to form the molecular quantum transmission. The number of tweezers within the add/drop filter can be tuned, amplified and quantum states of the molecule identified. The number of tweezers of 50–100 in an array with the smallest tweezer width of 2 nm is generated and achieved. We have also theoretically shown that the quantum multioptical tweezers can be controlled and tuned by varies the couple coefficient (κ) between 0.1 and 0.9, with ring resonator radii between 10 and 20 μm, which is available for molecule trapping and transportation in the communication uplink system via the add/drop filter. In application, the transmission of tweezers with different molecules or DNA or atom can be performed, which is available for high density molecular transportation via wireless communication system. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2703–2706, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25574
Wideband 4 × 4 Butler Matrix employing microstrip‐slot technique
Authors: Ibrahim Siti Zuraidah , Bialkowski Marek E.
Published: October 2011

The design of a 4 × 4 Butler Matrix for use in a multibeam antenna array operating over a wide frequency band is presented. To achieve wideband characteristics, this beam‐forming network uses two microstrip dielectric layers with coupling slots in a common ground plane. The designed device is compact in size and does not use crossovers. Its prototype is manufactured. Its performance is assessed via full‐wave electromagnetic simulations and measurements. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2632–2636, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25577
Coherent detection for spectral amplitude‐coded optical label switching systems
Authors: Osadchiy Alexey V. , Monroy Idelfonso Tafur
Published: October 2011

Coherent detection for spectrally encoded optical labels is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for three label tones spectrally spaced at 1 GHz. The proposed method utilizes a frequency swept local oscillator in a coherent receiver supported by digital signal processing for improved flexibility and upgradeability while reducing label detection subsystem complexity as compared with the conventional optical autocorrelation based approaches. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2732–2735, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25585
A 0.35‐μm CMOS divide‐by‐3 LC injection‐locked frequency divider using linear mixers
Authors: Jang Sheng‐Lyang , Chen Han‐Sheng , Liu Cheng‐Chen , Juang Miin‐Horng
Published: October 2011

This letter proposes a divide‐by‐3 frequency divider employing the linear mixer topology; the divider was fabricated in the 0.35‐μm CMOS 2P4M CMOS technology. The divider consists of an nMOS cross‐coupled LC oscillator and two injection MOSFETs in series with the cross‐coupled nMOSFETs. At the drain bias voltage of 1.2 V, the divider free‐running frequency is tunable from 3.73 to 3.92 GHz, and at the incident power of 0 dBm, the operational locking range is about 0.69 GHz, from the incident frequency 10.99 to 11.68 GHz. The core power consumption is 6.9 mW. The die area is 0.83 × 0.94 mm2. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2740–2743, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25597
A 0.7 V 850 μW CMOS LNA for UHF RFID reader
Authors: Li Jie , Hasan S. M. Rezaul
Published: October 2011

The design of a narrow‐band cascoded CMOS inductive source‐degenerated low noise amplifier (LNA) for 866 MHz UHF RFID reader is presented. Compared to other previously reported narrow‐band LNA designs, in this work the finite gds (= 1/r0) effect has been considered to improve the nanometric design, achieving simultaneous impedance and minimum Fmin noise matching at a very low power drain of 850 μW from a 0.7‐V supply voltage. The LNA was fabricated using the IBM 130 nm CMOS process delivering a power gain (S21) of ≈12 dB, a reverse isolation (S12) of ≈−34 dB, and an input power reflection (S11@866 MHz) of ≈−12 dB. It had a minimum pass‐band NF of around 2.2 dB and a 3rd order input referred intercept point (IIP3) of ≈−9.5 dBm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2780–2782, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25600
Ultra‐wideband antenna with on/off band‐notch control
Authors: Kelly James R. , Hall Peter S. , Gardner Peter
Published: October 2011

This article presents a band‐notched ultra‐wideband antenna having a pair of stop bands.These stop bands are located in close proximity on the frequency spectrum. Each stop band is created by a resonant element that is distinctly separate from the radiating part of the antenna. For these reasons, each of the stop bands can be turned on and off independently. The article demonstrates that this could be achieved using six microwave switches. The location of the two stop bands can also be controlled independently. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2743–2746, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25603
Full‐wave simulation examining layout effect in CMOS RF amplifier design
Authors: Liu Yang , Lee Jeongeo , Choi Sungju , Kim Hyeongdong
Published: October 2011

procedure which examines the layout effect in a CMOS RF low noise amplifier design based on S‐parameters which are extracted using a full‐wave simulator HFSS is presented in this article.The S‐parameters of the circuit layout are successfully obtained at the bias condition by the proper use of the CMOS active and passive device models, avoiding the nonconvergence problem that exists in the simulator (Liang and Razavi, IEEE J Solid‐State Circuits 44 (2009)). The accuracy of the full‐wave simulation is verified by determining if the results between the circuit simulation and the simulation with the S‐parameters of the ideal connection lines (i.e., DC S‐parameters) of the circuit are the same, and its validity is demonstrated via a comparison of the simulated and measured results of a concurrent dual‐band LNA operating at 2.4 and 5.2 GHz in 180‐nm CMOS technology. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2738–2740, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25604
Filter integrated Wilkinson power dividers
Authors: Tang Xinyi , Mouthaan Koen
Published: October 2011

This article presents design considerations of a filter integrated Wilkinson power divider (FIPD), which helps to reduce the circuit size.The λ/4 impedance transformers of the conventional Wilkinson power divider are replaced by filters with an insertion phase of 90° at the center frequency. The concept is validated by two prototypes centered at 2.4 GHz. The measured 3‐dB bandwidths for both prototypes are 60% while for the conventional design is 200%. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2830–2833, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25605
Improved miniaturization method for coupled‐line filters
Authors: Lee Seungku , Lee Yongshik
Published: October 2011

A miniaturization method for coupled‐line filters is demonstrated that relies on the equality of the two most important parameters for filter synthesis, the propagation constant and the image impedance, before and after miniaturization.The method enables to maintain the bandwidth intact as opposed to the previous miniaturization method based on the same structure. This proves that bandwidth reduction in miniaturized filters is not due to miniaturization itself but rather due to the mathematical formulation of miniaturization. As compensation of reduced bandwidth is not necessary, the proposed method provides much simpler miniaturization procedure. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2825–2828, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25607
Extended dual composite right/left‐handed transmission line
Authors: Qiang Li , Zhao Yong‐Jiu , Zhao Wei , Sun Quan , Liu Bing
Published: October 2011

A planar‐balanced extended dual composite right/left handed (E‐DCRLH) transmission line with dual left‐handed and dual right‐handed passbands is presented.The balanced E‐DCRLH transmission line shows LH‐RH‐notched‐LH‐RH band characteristics. The required series parallel resonance tank and shunt series resonance tank are provided by interdigital capacitor with closed stub and stub with rectangular patch, respectively. The series capacitor and the shunt inductance are provided by another interdigital capacitor and stub with metallic via hole, respectively. The dispersion relation and frequency response of E‐DCRLH TL are analyzed by circuit analysis, Bloch‐Floquet theory, and full wave simulation. Demonstrations of E‐DCRLH TL are designed, fabricated and measured. The measurements are in agreement with simulation and theory. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2838–2840, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25615
Constipation is associated with incomplete bladder emptying in healthy children
Authors: Chang Shang‐Jen , Hsieh Cheng‐Hsing , Yang Stephen Shei‐Dei
Published: October 2011

Purpose

To investigate the association between constipation and the results of uroflowmetry with post‐void residual urine (PVR) tests in healthy children.

Materials and Methods

We enrolled healthy children aged between 4 and 12 years for evaluation of voiding and defecation function. A parent of children completed the questionnaire, and the children were asked to do uroflowmetry and PVR. Constipation is defined as defecation frequency ≤2 times/week or type 1–2 stool forms on Bristol stool scale. Uroflowmetry curve and PVR were eligible for analysis if voided volume was between 50 ml and expected capacity for age.

Results

Totally, 778 children (415 boys and 363 girls) with a mean age of 7.2 ± 2.2 years were eligible for analysis. The prevalence of constipation was 10.9% by low defecation frequency, and 28.4% by Bristol stool scale, respectively. Regarding the rate of constipation, there were no statistically significant differences between genders. Compared to children without low defecation frequency, constipated children had higher PVR (9.0 vs. 5.9 ml, P = 0.01), higher rate of PVR > 20 ml (17.7% vs. 7.1%, P = 0.01) and lower voiding efficiency (93.2% vs. 94.9%, P = 0.04). Compared to children without type 1–2 Bristol stool, constipated children did not have higher PVR (7.2 ml vs. 5.8 ml, P = 0.10), nor lower voiding efficiency (94.0% vs. 95.0%, P = 0.11). Urgency symptom score and rate of abnormal flow patterns were comparable between children with or without constipation.

Conclusion

Constipation defined as low defecation frequency was associated with incomplete bladder emptying in healthy children. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:105–108, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
IVS6+5G>A found in Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome and X‐linked thrombocytopenia in a Korean family
Authors: Yoon Seong‐Ho , Cho Taeshik , Kim Hee‐Jin , Kim Sun‐Young , Ko Jeong‐Hee , Baek Hey‐Sung , Lee Hyun‐Ju , Lee Chul‐Hoon
Published: October 2011

Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) and X‐linked thrombocytopenia (XLT) are caused by a mutation in the WAS gene on Xp11.22. We report two patients with IVS6+5G>A of WAS in a Korean family. The proband presented with classic WAS, whereas his maternal cousin had symptoms limited to XLT. Their mothers were proved to be carriers. The IVS6+5G>A mutation was reported to result in incomplete splicing of the donor site and typically associated with mild form of disease, XLT. Our observation of the intrafamilial variability of clinical manifestations of WAS further expands the genotype–phenotype correlations and suggests the presence of modifying genetic factors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 297–299. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk‐adapted therapy for infantile myofibromatosis in children
Authors: Levine Emmanuelle , Fréneaux Paul , Schleiermacher Gudrun , Brisse Hervé , Pannier Stéphanie , Teissier Natacha , Mesples Bettina , Orbach Daniel
Published: October 2011

Background

Infantile myofibromatosis is characterized by proliferation of benign fibrous tumors arising in skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, or bone. Solitary and multicentric forms are described. Few reports are available in the pediatric population.

Procedure

To improve the knowledge of this rare tumor in infants, the authors present a series of all cases of infantile myofibromatosis treated in their institution over a 9‐year period in order to propose treatment guidelines based on their experience and a review of the literature.

Results

The authors report a series of 9 cases, 8 solitary forms and 1 multicentric form with visceral involvement treated from 2000 to 2009. Median age was 10 months (range: 2 days–14 years). Six patients with solitary forms underwent primary surgical resection leading to remission. Only biopsy was performed in 1 case, followed by tumor regression with no recurrence. The last patient with a solitary form was treated by chemotherapy and then surgery allowing remission. The patient with a multicentric form presented complete regression of tumors after 1 year of vinblastine and methotrexate combination chemotherapy.

Conclusions

Infantile myofibromatosis is a rare soft tissue tumor mainly concerning infants. Surgery is the treatment of choice for solitary forms when excision is possible. Close follow‐up may be proposed in the case of inoperable sites. In multicentric life‐threatening forms, chemotherapy promotes tumor regression and the vinblastine and methotrexate combination is effective with few long‐term adverse effects. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 115–120. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pediatric venous thromboembolism in the United States: A tertiary care complication of chronic diseases
Authors: Setty Bhuvana A. , O'Brien Sarah H. , Kerlin Bryce A.
Published: October 2011

Background

Pediatric venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an increasingly common problem. We hypothesized that VTE occurs most commonly in tertiary care settings and that the pattern of associated illnesses may have changed from earlier reports.

Methods

The Kids' Inpatient Database 2006 was utilized to identify children ≤18 years old with in‐hospital VTE. Children were identified by the presence of thrombosis specific ICD‐9‐CM diagnosis or procedure codes. Remaining ICD‐9‐CM codes were utilized to categorize patients by acute or chronic illness. The incidence of in‐hospital VTE by hospital type, age, gender, race, and disposition were estimated.

Results

Over 4,500 children met the inclusion criteria (188/100,000 discharges). Most VTE discharges (67.5%) were from children's hospitals (RR 5.09; 95% CI 4.76; 5.44). Underlying chronic illnesses were associated with most VTE (76.2%), most commonly: cardiovascular (18.4%), malignancy (15.7%), and neuromuscular disease (9.9%). VTE not associated with chronic illness were most often idiopathic (12.6%), followed by infections (9.5%), and trauma (9.1%). The greatest proportions of children with VTE were infants (23.1%) and adolescents (37.8%). However, when standardized against the entire database of discharges, infants were least likely to develop VTE (RR 0.48; 95% CI 0.43; 0.52), while adolescents were at highest risk (RR 1.89; 95% CI 1.73; 2.07). Hospitalizations ending with death were more likely to include VTE (RR 6.16; 95% CI 5.32; 7.13).

Conclusions

Pediatric VTE is most commonly seen in tertiary care. Adolescents are at greatest risk to develop in‐hospital VTE. Patients whose hospitalization ended with death are at much greater risk to develop VTE. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:258–264. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Uterine artery Doppler and biochemical markers (PAPP‐A, PlGF, sFlt‐1, P‐selectin, NGAL) at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks in the prediction of late (>34 weeks) pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Youssef Aly , Righetti Francesca , Morano Danila , Rizzo Nicola , Farina Antonio
Published: October 2011

Objective

To determine the performance of screening for late pre‐eclampsia (PE) by maternal characteristics, uterine artery Doppler and a set of biochemical markers at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation.

Methods

Prospectively enrolled women at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks. Maternal characteristics, highest UtA pulsatility index and serum placental biomarkers including pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A, placental growth factor, soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase 1, P‐selectin and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin were recorded.

Results

The rate of PE was 2.5% (13/528). Four (0.8%) had severe PE. A combined screening model that included placental growth factor, soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase 1 and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin could detect 77% of PE at a 10% false‐positive rate. Mean risk for mild PE was 8.8% ± 6.4, mean risk for severe PE was 38.6% ± 4.3. Mean risk for controls was 2% ± 4.1.

Conclusion

This combination of maternal biochemical variables in the first trimester can detect a consistent number of late PE. Further studies on a new and independent series of data could confirm the presented results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introducing array comparative genomic hybridization into routine prenatal diagnosis practice: a prospective study on over 1000 consecutive clinical cases
Authors: Fiorentino Francesco , Caiazzo Fiorina , Napolitano Stefania , Spizzichino Letizia , Bono Sara , Sessa Mariateresa , Nuccitelli Andrea , Biricik Anil , Gordon Anthony , Rizzo Giuseppe , Baldi Marina
Published: October 2011

Objective

To assess the feasibility of offering array‐based comparative genomic hybridization testing for prenatal diagnosis as a first‐line test, a prospective study was performed, comparing the results achieved from array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) with those obtained from conventional karyotype.

Method

Women undergoing amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling were offered aCGH analysis. A total of 1037 prenatal samples were processed in parallel using both aCGH and G‐banding for standard karyotyping. Specimen types included amniotic fluid (89.0%), chorionic villus sampling (9.5%) and cultured amniocytes (1.5%).

Results

Chromosomal abnormalities were identified in 34 (3.3%) samples; in 9 out of 34 cases (26.5%) aCGH detected pathogenic copy number variations that would not have been found if only a standard karyotype had been performed. aCGH was also able to detect chromosomal mosaicism at as low as a 10% level. There was complete concordance between the conventional karyotyping and aCGH results, except for 2 cases that were only correctly diagnosed by aCGH.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that aCGH represents an improved diagnostic tool for prenatal detection of chromosomal abnormalities. Although larger studies are needed, our results provide further evidence on the feasibility of introducing aCGH as a first‐line diagnostic test in routine prenatal diagnosis practice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐dimensional proteome reference maps for the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines
Authors: Chen Xi , MacDonald Margaret H. , Khan Farooq , Garrett Wesley M. , Matthews Benjamin F. , Natarajan Savithiry S.
Published: October 2011

2‐DE reference maps of Heterodera glycines were constructed. After in‐gel digestion with trypsin, 803 spots representing 426 proteins were subsequently identified by LC‐MS/MS. Proteins with annotated function were further categorized by Gene Ontology. The results showed that proteins involved in metabolic, developmental and biological regulation processes were the most abundant.
A new sequence isomer of AB‐polybenzimidazole for high‐temperature PEM fuel cells
Authors: Gulledge Alexander L. , Gu Bin , Benicewicz Brian C.
Published: October 2011

A new sequence isomer of AB‐polybenzimidazole (AB‐PBI) was developed as a candidate for high‐temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. A diacid monomer, 2,2′‐bisbenzimidazole‐5,5′‐dicarboxylic acid, was synthesized and polymerized with 3,3′,4,4′‐tetraaminobiphenyl to prepare a polymer that was composed of repeating 2,5‐benzimidazole units. In contrast to previously prepared AB‐PBI, which contains only head‐to‐tail benzimidazole sequences, the new polymer also contains head‐to‐head and tail‐to‐tail benzimidazole sequences. The polymer was prepared in polyphosphoric acid (PPA) and cast into membranes using the sol–gel PPA process. Membranes formed from the new AB‐PBI were found to be mechanically stronger, possessed higher acid doping levels, and showed improved fuel cell performance, when compared to the previously known AB‐PBI. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
The effects of dopant acids on structure and properties of poly(o‐methoxyaniline)
Authors: Wang Xiao , Ray Sudip , Gizdavic‐Nikolaidis Marija , Easteal Allan J.
Published: October 2011

Poly(o‐methoxyaniline) (POMA) was chemically synthesized using ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidant. Methane sulfonic acid (MSA), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and p‐toluene sulfonic acid (pTSA) were used as dopants, under the same reaction conditions. For comparison, undoped POMA was also synthesized. The polymer samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), four‐probe conductivity measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron spin resonance (ESR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and determination of specific surface area. The antioxidant activities of POMA were assessed via reaction with 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, and the anti‐microbial activities were determined as minimum bactericidal concentrations against E. coli 25422 and S. aureus 6838. When doped with relatively strong acids, high yield (above 84%) was achieved, compared to the relatively low yield (45%) when no dopant was present. The conductivity decreased in the order POMA‐pTSA > POMA‐HCl > POMA‐MSA > undoped POMA. A polaron conduction mechanism was supported by FTIR and ESR spectra. The morphology of the polymers was found to be effectively controlled by dopants. All POMA polymers showed strong free radical scavenging ability, which was highly correlated with the specific surface areas of the polymer particles. All the tested samples showed activity against S. aureus 6838, but not at the concentrations tested against E. coli 25422. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Synthesis of thermo‐responsive poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam)‐containing block copolymers by cobalt‐mediated radical polymerization
Authors: Hurtgen Marie , Liu Ji , Debuigne Antoine , Jerome Christine , Detrembleur Christophe
Published: October 2011

Thermo‐responsive block copolymers based on poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL) have been prepared by cobalt‐mediated radical polymerization (CMRP) for the first time. The homopolymerization of NVCL was controlled by bis(acetylacetonato)cobalt(II) and a molecular weight as high as 46,000 g/mol could be reached with a low polydispersity. The polymerization of NVCL was also initiated from a poly(vinyl acetate)‐Co(acac)2 (PVAc‐Co(acac)2) macroinitiator to yield well‐defined PVAc‐b‐PNVCL block copolymers with a low polydispersity (Mw/Mn = 1.1) up to high molecular weights (Mn = 87,000 g/mol), which constitutes a significant improvement over other techniques. The amphiphilic PVAc‐b‐PNVCL copolymers were hydrolyzed into unprecedented double hydrophilic poly(vinyl alcohol)‐b‐PNVCL (PVOH‐b‐PNVCL) copolymers and their temperature‐dependent solution behavior was studied by turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering. Finally, the so‐called cobalt‐mediated radical coupling (CMRC) reaction was implemented to PVAc‐b‐PNVCL‐Co(acac)2 precursors to yield novel PVAc‐b‐PNVCL‐b‐PVAc symmetrical triblock copolymers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
The short‐term psychological impact of complications after breast reconstruction
Authors: Gopie Jessica P. , Timman Reinier , Hilhorst Medard T. , Hofer Stefan O. P. , Mureau Marc A. M. , Tibben Aad
Published: October 2011

Objectives

Few studies have focused on the psychological impact of postoperative complications after breast reconstruction (BR). As postoperative complications after BR usually lead to a prolonged recovery time and sometimes require additional surgery, the short‐term impact on distress was investigated.

Methods

Pre‐ and postoperatively, psychological questionnaires were sent to 152 women who underwent either implant BR or deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap BR (DIEPBR). In addition, patients and physicians' reports of postoperative complications during the first 4–6 weeks after BR were scored. The course of anxiety, depression and cancer‐specific distress, and the effect of complications on distress were investigated.

Results

Implant BR patients reported decreased anxiety after surgery, and both groups reported reduced cancer‐specific distress after surgery. However, depressive symptoms tended to increase after DIEPBR. If complications occurred, both reconstruction groups reported increased depressive and anxiety symptoms, and DIEPBR patients even had depressive symptoms of clinical concern. A significant number of patients with complications reported alarming levels of distress. Timing and laterality were not significantly correlated with distress.

Conclusions

Complications after BR have a significant impact on emotional well‐being shortly after surgery. As distress affects quality of life and health outcomes, it is of great importance to offer psychological support to these patients. Distress can be evaluated by monitoring the emotional impact of BR during post‐surgery consults, or with the standard use of short psychological questionnaires that patients can complete at home. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of ID‐alG™ on Weight Management and Body Fat Mass in High‐Fat‐Fed Rats
Authors: Terpend Kathleen , Bisson Jean‐François , Gall Claire Le , Linares Elodie
Published: October 2011

Seaweed extract of Ascophyllum nodosum, ID‐alG™, was evaluated for its chronic effects on weight management in high‐fat‐fed Sprague‐Dawley rats. ID‐alG™ was orally administered daily during 9 weeks at doses of 40 and 400 mg/kg/day with fat‐enriched diet (FED) in comparison with two control groups consuming standard diet (negative control) or FED (positive control) and orally treated with vehicle. Body weight, percentage of body fat mass and lipid parameters were measured. After 9 weeks, the oral administration of ID‐alG™ at both doses decreased significantly the mean body weight gains (MBWG) of rats submitted to the FED in comparison to the positive control (−6.8% and −11.8%). ID‐alG™ at both doses improved significantly the MBWG of rats and decreased significantly the percentage of body fat mass of rats (−9.8% and −19.0%), in comparison to the positive control. In the same way, the triglyceride blood level was also significantly improved for the dose of 400 mg/kg/day (−30.6% vs. +49.9% for the positive control); and the dose of 40 mg/kg/day just lead to a trend. Moreover, in both controls and ID‐alG™‐treated groups, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL blood levels were not modified. The seaweed extract of Ascophyllum nodosum, ID‐alG™, demonstrated beneficial effects on weight management of rats submitted to a high‐fat diet. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erdbebenbemessung von Tanks – Erfahrungen aus der Praxis
Authors: Knödel Peter , Heß Andrea
Published: October 2011

Bei der Erdbebenbemessung im Hoch‐ und Anlagenbau werden die Massen des Tragwerks und der Ausrüstung meistens auf den Deckenebenen zusammengezogen. Gemeinsam mit den horizontalen Geschosssteifigkeiten, die man aus dem Aussteifungssystem ableitet, verfügt man über alle Informationen, die man zum Formulieren eines Feder‐Masse‐Schwingers benötigt. Die Antworten dieses dynamischen Systems werden dann entweder instationär durch Aufbringen unterschiedlicher Beschleunigungs‐Zeitverläufe ermittelt oder stationär durch Verwendung eines Antwortspektrums.

Bei Tanks ist es etwas schwieriger, zu hand‐tauglichen Rechenmodellen zu kommen, da die Flüssigkeit statt der Kragarmschwingung auch noch eine Schwappbewegung ausführt und Kräfte zwischen Tank und Flüssigkeit nur durch Druckkontakt übertragen werden können. Die Tankwand selbst kann als dünnwandige Membran dehnungslose Verformungen in Form von Fourier‐Harmonischen ausführen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Grundlagen der Erdbebenbemessung bei Tanks beleuchtet und anschließend Beispiele aus der Bemessungspraxis genannt.

Seismic design of tanks – Practical experience. When designing skeletal structures for plants in seismic hazard areas you consider the masses of the structure and the equipment, the stiffnesses of the bracing systems and thus model your structure into a spring‐mass‐oscillator. Depending on the desired degree of accuracy the actual masses are condensed in many or only a few mass lumps, the bracing systems are considered to have linear restoring forces or non‐linear features are included. The response of this dynamic model is then calculated transiently by applying several different artificial ground acceleration time histories or steady state by using a given peak ground acceleration spectrum.

With tanks it is much more difficult to extract easy‐to‐handle calculation models: the liquid may perform a sloshing motion rather than a cantilever oscillation; accelerations can be transferred into the liquid by compression between the tank wall and the liquid only, while the tank wall itself is a thin‐walled membrane which may undergo strainless deformation modes in the shape of Fourier‐harmonics. In the present paper we well have a short look on the basics of seismic design and report on some tanks of different sizes, where we were involved in the seismic design.
Framing for scientific argumentation
Authors: Berland Leema K. , Hammer David
Published: October 2011

In recent years, research on students' scientific argumentation has progressed to a recognition of nascent resources: Students can and do argue when they experience the need and possibility of persuading others who may hold competing views. Our purpose in this article is to contribute to this progress by applying the perspective of framing to the question of when and how a class forms and maintains a sense of their activity as argumentative. In particular, we examine three snippets from a sixth‐grade class with respect to how the students—and the teacher—experience, or frame, what is taking place. We argue that they show dynamics of framing for individuals and for the class as a whole that affect and are affected by students' engagement in argumentation. We close the article with implications of this perspective for research, teaching, and instructional design. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 68–94, 2012
International sports management: Current trends and future developments
Authors: Ratten Vanessa
Published: October 2011

The aim of this special issue on international sports management in Thunderbird International Business Review is to highlight the current trends and future developments occurring in sport. Sport is watched and played globally and impacts business management practices in a number of ways, including through sponsorship, recruitment, and manufacturing. In order to compete globally, managers of sport organizations need to work proactively to build and maintain an international presence. This special journal issue examines different types of sport, including professional, amateur, and recreational, in order to see how they occur in the international environment. The aim of this article is to discuss the most important issues facing sports management practitioners and researchers worldwide. The findings of this article are that it extends our understanding of international sports management by examining different types of businesses involved in sport to offer practical implications for sport practitioners who have internationalized or are considering global expansion. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Perceptions of climate change worldwide
Authors: Brechin Steven R. , Bhandari Medani
Published: October 2011

We begin this review with a brief overview of the first published comparative national studies on public attitudes and climate change. We continue by exploring key findings from more recent surveys from three major studies conducted in late 2009. These results are organized into two major sections—the first in reviewing established ground or questions commonly asked of the general public regarding climate change. These questions include willingness to pay to protect the environment, global warming as a serious problem, and willingness to pay to address climate change. The second section continues the review by exploring questions that have been seldom asked or new ground. We look at such topics as—the perceived effects of climate change; when respondents think climate change will be felt; their view of what climate scientists think, and whether they feel their government is doing enough to address the issue. We end this section by reviewing two questions that focus on international relations and the global climate change negotiations—the public's perception of their government's efforts at international cooperation, and which country is most trusted by the public to lead the climate change negotiations. The review concludes with discussions on data limitations and some summary thoughts and future research needs. WIREs Clim Change 2011, 2:871–885. doi: 10.1002/wcc.146

This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Perceptions of Climate Change
A comparison of ultrasonic detectors and radiotelemetry for studying bat–habitat relationships
Authors: Morris Adam D. , Miller Darren A. , Conner L. Mike
Published: October 2011

Ultrasonic bat detectors and radiotelemetry are 2 methods used to examine habitat selection for bats, but no one has empirically examined if conclusions drawn from these 2 methods are comparable and, although previous work has presented concerns regarding the basic assumptions of inferring habitat selection with acoustic surveys, these assumptions have not been tested. Therefore, during summer 2008, we examined use of bat detectors and radiotelemetry to infer habitat selection among 4 forest habitat types in southwestern Georgia, USA by simultaneously radiotracking evening bats (Nycticeius humeralis; n = 14) and using stratified sampling to acoustically monitor bat activity (n = 95 sites). We used compositional analysis for radiotelemetry data and generalized linear models for acoustic data to assess habitat selection at Johnson's (1980) 2nd and 3rd order spatial scales. At the 3rd order scale, both acoustic sampling and radiotelemetry indicated preference of mature pine and open stands over hardwood stands and pine plantations. Radiotelemetry revealed hardwood stands were preferred at the 2nd order scale, which was not reflected in acoustic data. Qualitatively, conclusions about habitat selection are not consistent between these 2 techniques. We conclude that bat detector surveys may be appropriate for examining habitat selection at the stand‐level, although more work is needed to confirm this, but have limited or no inferential ability at larger scales. Our results support the general inability of acoustic surveys to infer habitat selection due to lack of adherence to underlying assumptions. Therefore, we recommend using radiotelemetry for habitat selection studies and that researchers limit habitat selection inferences derived from acoustic surveys. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
An automated device for provoking and capturing wildlife calls
Authors: Ausband David E. , Skrivseth Jesse , Mitchell Michael S.
Published: October 2011

Some animals exhibit call‐and‐response behaviors that can be exploited to facilitate detection. Traditionally, acoustic surveys that use call‐and‐respond techniques have required an observer's presence to perform the broadcast, record the response, or both events. This can be labor‐intensive and may influence animal behavior and, thus, survey results. We developed an automated acoustic survey device using commercially available hardware (e.g., laptop computer, speaker, microphone) and an author‐created (JS) software program (“HOOT”) that can be used to survey for any animal that calls. We tested this device to determine 1) deployment longevity, 2) effective sampling area, and 3) ability to detect known packs of gray wolves (Canis lupus) in Idaho, USA. Our device was able to broadcast and record twice daily for 6–7 days using the internal computer battery and surveyed an area of 3.3–17.5 km2 in relatively open habitat depending on the hardware components used. We surveyed for wolves at 2 active rendezvous sites used by closely monitored, radiocollared wolf packs and obtained 4 responses across both packs over 3 days of sampling. We confirmed reproduction in these 2 packs by detecting pup howls aurally from the resulting device recordings. Our device can broadcast and record animal calls and the computer software is freely downloadable. This automated survey device can be used to collect reliable data while reducing the labor costs traditionally associated with acoustic surveys. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Hydroalumination and Hydrogallation Reactions with Tri(ethynyl)silanes – Generation of Compounds with up to Three Coordinatively Unsaturated Aluminium Atoms
Authors: Uhl Werner , Bohnemann Jörg , Heller Denis , Hepp Alexander , Layh Marcus
Published: October 2011

Hydroalumination or hydrogallation of tri(ethynyl)silanes, RSi(C≡C‐Ar)3 (1a, R = Ph, Ar = Ph; 1b, R = Me, Ar = Ph; 1c, R = Me, Ar = C6H4Me), with the element hydrides H‐EtBu2 (E = Al, Ga) in stoichiometric ratios of 1:1 to 1:3 at ambient temperature yielded the addition products (PhC≡C)2(R)Si[(tBu2E)C=C(H)Ph] (2, R = Ph, E = Ga; 3a, R = Me, E = Al; 3b, R = Me, E = Ga), (PhC≡C)(Me)Si[(tBu2E)C=C(H)Ph]2 (4a, E = Al, 4b, E = Ga) and (Me)Si[(tBu2Al)C=C(H)Ar]3 (5, Ar = Ph; 6, Ar = C6H4Me). Compounds 2–4 show a relatively close interaction between the coordinatively unsaturated aluminium or gallium atoms and one of the Cα(≡C) atoms of unreacted alkyne substituents [245 (E = Al) and 266 pm (E = Ga)] that stabilises the kinetically favoured cis addition products with E and hydrogen on the same side of the resulting C=C double bonds. In the absence of these stabilising effects the compounds were found to isomerise to the thermodynamically favoured trans isomers.
Does family experience influence political beliefs? Relation between interparental conflict perceptions and political efficacy in late adolescence
Authors: Šerek Jan , Lacinová Lenka , Macek Petr
Published: October 2011

The study examined the relation between adolescents’ interparental conflict perceptions and their political efficacy regarding local issues. Longitudinal data (age 15 and 17) from 444 adolescents were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results showed that young people experiencing frequent interparental conflict reported an increase in depressive mood during late adolescence, which was associated with lower level of political efficacy. Moreover, adolescents who felt more efficacious when dealing with fighting parents felt more efficacious in local politics, even when controlling for personality traits and depressive mood. One possible explanation is that family perceptions generalize to politics because both contexts share certain similar features. Our results underscore that also seemingly nonpolitical experiences can matter in adolescents’ civic and political development.
On bifurcation of solutions of the Yamabe problem in product manifolds
Authors: de Lima L.L. , Piccione P. , Zedda M.
Published: October 2011

We study local rigidity and multiplicity of constant scalar curvature metrics in arbitrary products of compact manifolds. Using (equivariant) bifurcation theory we determine the existence of infinitely many metrics that are accumulation points of pairwise non-homothetic solutions of the Yamabe problem. Using local rigidity and some compactness results for solutions of the Yamabe problem, we also exhibit new examples of conformal classes (with positive Yamabe constant) for which uniqueness holds.
Achieving Hemostasis With Topical Hemostats: Making Clinically and Economically Appropriate Decisions in the Surgical and Trauma Settings
Authors: Schreiber Martin A. , Neveleff Deborah J.
Published: October 2011

Achieving hemostasis is a crucial focus of clinicians working in surgical and trauma settings. Topical hemostatic agents—including mechanical hemostats, active hemostats, flowable hemostats, and fibrin sealants—are frequently used in efforts to control bleeding, and new options such as hemostatic dressings, initially used in combat situations, are increasingly being used in civilian settings. To achieve successful hemostasis, a number of vital factors must be considered by surgeons and perioperative nurses, such as the size of the wound; bleeding severity; and the efficacy, possible adverse effects, and method of application of potential hemostatic agents. Understanding how and when to use each of the available hemostatic agents can greatly affect clinical outcomes and help to limit the overall cost of treatment.
Haptische Telerehabilitation - Robotergestützte Therapiesysteme für die fernbetreute häusliche Rehabilitation nach Schlaganfall
Authors: Schmidt Henning , Steingräber Robert , Schmid Simone , Schauer Michael , Hesse Stefan , Krüger Jörg
Published: October 2011

Einleitung

Der therapeutische Nutzen robotergestützter Therapie-Übungsgeräte in der Neurologischen Rehabilitation, insbesondere bei schwer betroffenen subakuten Schlaganfallpatienten, konnte inzwischen in klinischen Studien nachgewiesen werden (Hesse et al., 2008; Mehrholz et al., 2008). Bisher sind solche Geräte jedoch nur für die stationäre Reha-Therapie verfügbar. Da jeder Patient die Reha-Behandlung ambulant und zu Hause so intensiv wie möglich fortsetzen sollte, besteht ein großer Bedarf an intelligenten robotergestützten Therapiegeräten, die in neu zu entwickelnde Behandlungskonzepte einer fernbetreuten Therapie eingebunden werden. Hierfür bietet sich die Weiterentwicklung telemedizinischer Therapiekonzepte für eine haptische Telerehabilitation an, über die in diesem Beitrag berichtet wird.
Considerations for Return‐to‐Play and Retirement Decisions After Concussion
Authors: Cantu Robert C. , Register‐Mihalik Johna K.
Published: October 2011

Return‐to‐play and retirement decisions after concussion are often difficult and complex. The complexity of these decisions may be influenced by many factors, including the number, proximity, and severity of previous concussions; gender; age; sport played; exposure to head impacts; and predisposing or pre‐existing conditions. These circumstances and conditions can confound the decisions concerning return to play and retirement. Clinicians should carefully weigh how these circumstances and conditions influence quality of life and how they interact with the effects of concussion. Furthermore, clinicians should consider past and potential exposures to both subconcussive and concussive impacts during the athlete's lifetime when deliberating a return to play or retirement. The purpose of this overview is to highlight and discuss these issues as they factor into the return‐to‐play and retirement decisions after a concussive injury in an effort to provide clinicians with evidence‐based information that can be used in the decision‐making process.
Imaging Modalities in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Sports Concussion
Authors: Gonzalez Peter G. , Walker Matthew T.
Published: October 2011

Mild traumatic brain injury is a significant public health issue that has been gaining considerable attention over the past few years. After injury, a large percentage of patients experience postconcussive symptoms that affect work and school performance and that carry significant medicolegal implications. Conventional imaging modalities (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) are insensitive to microstructural changes and underestimate the degree of diffuse axonal injury and metabolic changes. Newer imaging techniques have attempted to better diagnose and characterize diffuse axonal injury and the metabolic and functional aspects of traumatic brain injury. The following review article summarizes the currently available imaging studies and describes the novel and more investigational techniques available for mild traumatic brain injury. A suggested algorithm is offered.
Holocene history of fire, vegetation and land use from the central Pyrenees (France)
Authors: Rius Damien , Vanniére Boris , Galop Didier
Published: October 2011

Located on a mountain pass in the west-central Pyrenees, the Col d'Ech peat bog provides a Holocene fire and vegetation record based upon nine 14C (AMS) dates. We aim to compare climate-driven versus human-driven fire regimes in terms of frequency, fire episodes distribution, and impact on vegetation. Our results show the mid-Holocene (8500–5500 cal yr BP) to be characterized by high fire frequency linked with drier and warmer conditions. However, fire occurrences appear to have been rather stochastic as underlined by a scattered chronological distribution. Wetter and colder conditions at the mid-to-late Holocene transition (4000–3000 cal yr BP) led to a decrease in fire frequency, probably driven by both climate and a subsequent reduction in human land use. On the contrary, from 3000 cal yr BP, fire frequency seems to be driven by agro-pastoral activities with a very regular distribution of events. During this period fire was used as a prominent agent of landscape management.
Bounding the scalar dissipation scale for mixing flows in the presence of sources
Authors: Alexakis A. , Tzella A.
Published: October 2011

We investigate the mixing properties of scalars stirred by spatially smooth, divergence-free flows and maintained by a steady source–sink distribution. We focus on the spatial variation of the scalar field, described by the dissipation wavenumber, ${k}_{d} $, that we define as a function of the mean variance of the scalar and its gradient. We derive a set of upper bounds that for large Péclet number ($\mathit{Pe}\gg 1$) yield four distinct regimes for the scaling behaviour of ${k}_{d} $, one of which corresponds to the Batchelor regime. The transition between these regimes is controlled by the value of $\mathit{Pe}$ and the ratio $\rho = {\ell }_{u} / {\ell }_{s} $, where ${\ell }_{u} $ and ${\ell }_{s} $ are, respectively, the characteristic length scales of the velocity and source fields. A fifth regime is revealed by homogenization theory. These regimes reflect the balance between different processes: scalar injection, molecular diffusion, stirring and bulk transport from the sources to the sinks. We verify the relevance of these bounds by numerical simulations for a two-dimensional, chaotically mixing example flow and discuss their relation to previous bounds. Finally, we note some implications for three-dimensional turbulent flows.