bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HAWTREY, AUSTERITY, AND THE “TREASURY VIEW,” 1918 TO 1925
Authors: Mattei Clara Elisabetta
Published: December 2018

Ralph G. Hawtrey was not a man of the backwaters. Through the parallel study of Treasury files and Hawtrey’s scholarly publications, this work reveals his direct influence upon the most commanding minds of the Treasury and the Bank of England, the two institutions that, after WWI, shared primary responsibility over the British austerity agenda. After the war, Hawtrey advocated drastic budgetary and monetary rigor in the name of price stabilization. From 1922, Hawtrey admitted the need to decrease the bank rate; yet he remained an adamant supporter of the gold standard, insisting on its maintenance even if it required further monetary revaluation. Hawtrey’s policy prescriptions stemmed directly from his economic model. The “crowding-out argument,” the centrality of credit and of savings, together with the operational priority of technocratic institutions, were essential theoretical underpinnings of Hawtrey’s agenda: implementing the so-called Treasury view.
CLASHING ANALYSES OF SPECULATION AND THE EARLY REGULATION OF US FUTURES MARKETS
Authors: Berdell John , Choi Jin Wook
Published: December 2018

This article examines the early regulation of futures markets in the 1920s and 1930s. We contrast the analysis of speculation developed by the Grain Futures Administration (GFA) with Holbrook Working’s. Within the GFA we focus on Paul Mehl, who directed the statistical analysis of order flows, trade volumes, and positions that supported the GFA’s policy recommendations. In retrospect Working was the most prominent academic analyst of futures markets. The relationship between the GFA and Working was complex and at times intimately collaborative, but the New Deal provoked sharp disagreement. Working rejected the tighter trading rules advocated by the GFA as counterproductive and tried to persuade the Secretary of Agriculture to embrace a discretionary approach to regulation based upon his analysis of neighboring futures prices (the Working curve) and his distinctive conception of “perfect markets”—a nuanced version of the subsequent efficient market hypothesis.
WIRTBARKEIT: COSMOPOLITAN RIGHT AND INNKEEPING
Authors: Ganesh Aravind
Published: December 2018

After defining Cosmopolitan Right as being limited to the conditions of “hospitality,” Kant includes “Wirtbarkeit” in brackets, a word that connotes innkeeping. Moreover, significant similarities obtain between the relevant passages of the Perpetual Peace and those of the Digest of Justinian on the obligations of ships’ masters, innkeepers, and stable keepers. Unlike for ordinary householders, hospitality for innkeepers is a legal obligation, not a matter of philanthropy: they have traditionally been deemed public officials with limited discretion to refuse travelers, and as fiduciaries of their guests strictly liable for losses to their property. This article attempts to explain Kant's concept of Cosmopolitan Right by analogy to the private law of innkeeping, and ultimately engages in the central philosophical debate about Cosmopolitan Right by accounting for Cosmopolitan Right solely from the “innate” right to freedom, rather than from “acquired” facts such as land or resource distributions or historical injustices.
Working Memory and Attention Influence Antisaccade Error Rate in Schizophrenia
Authors: Thomas Elizabeth H.X. , Rossell Susan L. , Myles Jessica B. , Tan Eric J. , Neill Erica , Carruthers Sean P. , Sumner Philip J. , Bozaoglu Kiymet , Gurvich Caroline
Published: December 2018

Objectives: Antisaccade error rate has been proposed to be one of the most promising endophenotypes for schizophrenia. Increased error rate in patients has been associated with working memory, attention and other executive function impairments. The relationship between antisaccade error rate and other neuropsychological processes in patients compared to healthy controls has not been explored in depth. This study aimed to replicate the finding of heightened antisaccade error rate in patients and determine which cognitive processes were most strongly associated with antisaccade error rate in both patients and controls. In addition, the study investigated whether different antisaccade task paradigms engage different cognitive processes. Methods: One hundred and ninety-one participants (54 patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder and 137 controls) completed the antisaccade task, which included both gap and step task parameters. Neuropsychological measures were obtained using the MCCB and the Stroop task. Results: The current study replicated a pronounced antisaccade error rate deficit in patients. In patients, working memory variance was most significantly associated with antisaccade errors made during the step condition, while attentional processes were most associated with errors made during the gap condition. In controls, overall global cognitive performance was most associated with antisaccade rates for both gap and step conditions. Conclusions: The current study demonstrates that in schizophrenia patients, but not controls, elevated antisaccade error rate is associated with attention and working memory, but not with global cognitive impairment or psychopathological processes. Our novel findings demonstrate that the gap and step conditions of the antisaccade task engage different cognitive processes. (JINS, 2019, 25, 174–183)
Testing legislative shirking in a new setting: the case of lame duck sessions in the Korean National Assembly
Authors: Koo Bon Sang , Kim Junseok , Choi Jun Young
Published: December 2018

This paper aims to test two types of legislative shirking in a new democracy, South Korea. Using the lame-duck sessions of the Korean National Assembly, we test whether a legislator shirks in voting participation and in voting decisions. We weave two competing motivations of legislative shirking in voting participation – that to secure more leisure time and that to utilize the last, valuable voting opportunity – into a synthetic hypothesis and test it with two-part hurdle models. To test a shirking in voting participation hypothesis, we analyze legislators’ choices on bills that are supposedly related to the interests of constituents or political parties. Empirical results strongly support our shirking in voting participation claims, while only partial evidence is found on shirking in voting decisions. The findings suggest that, besides the trade-off between labor and leisure, some legislators deem the lame-duck sessions an opportunity to express their own preferences unconstrained.
Moving beyond Categorical Gender in Studies of Risk Aversion and Anxiety
Authors: Wängnerud Lena , Solevid Maria , Djerf-Pierre Monika
Published: December 2018

Concepts such as risk aversion and anxiety have received renewed attention in various strands of gender and politics research. Most contemporary scholars suggest that gender gaps in this area are related to social norms and stem from social learning rather than from inherent gender traits. Very few, however, elaborate on the gender variable to reach a fuller understanding of the dynamics at work. In this study, we examined gender gaps in levels of anxiety, an area closely related to risk aversion, and we applied a combination of categorical measures of gender distinguishing between “woman, “man,” and “other” and scales capturing grades of femininity and masculinity in individuals. We label this approach fuzzy gender, and we suggest that it can be used to advance research in our field. The key finding is an interaction effect between categorical measures of gender and fuzzy gender: The more female characteristics in women, the higher the levels of anxiety. Moreover, there is no difference in levels of anxiety between men and women with few female characteristics. The data used draw from a large-scale survey among Swedish citizens in 2013.
Proline-106 EPSPS Mutation Imparting Glyphosate Resistance in Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Emerges in South America
Authors: Takano Hudson K. , Mendes Rafael R. , Scoz Leonardo B. , Lopez Ovejero Ramiro F. , Constantin Jamil , Gaines Todd A. , Westra Philip , Dayan Franck E. , Oliveira Rubem S.
Published: December 2018

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) goosegrass [Eleusine indica(L.) Gaertn.] was recently identified in Brazil, but its resistance mechanism was unknown. This study elucidated the resistance mechanism in this species and developed a molecular marker for rapid detection of this target-site resistance trait. The resistance factor for the resistant biotype was 4.4-fold compared with the glyphosate-susceptible (GS) in greenhouse dose–response experiments. This was accompanied by a similar (4-fold) difference in the levels of in vitro andin plantashikimate accumulation in these biotypes. However, there was no difference in uptake, translocation, or metabolism of glyphosate between the GS and GR biotypes. Moreover, both biotypes showed similar values for 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) copy number and transcription. Sequencing of a 330-bp fragment of theEPSPSgene identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism that led to a Pro-106-Ser amino acid substitution in the enzyme from the GR biotype. This mutation imparted a 3.8-fold increase in the amount of glyphosate required to inhibit 50% of EPSPS activity, confirming the role of this amino acid substitution in resistance to glyphosate. A quantitative PCR–based genotyping assay was developed for the rapid detection of resistant plants containing this Pro-106-Ser mutation.
Glyphosate- and Dicamba-Resistant Genes Are Not Linked in Kochia (Bassia scoparia)
Authors: Ou Junjun , Fritz Allan K. , Stahlman Phillip W. , Currie Randall S. , Jugulam Mithila
Published: December 2018

Kochia [Bassia scoparia(L.) A. J. Scott] is one of the most troublesome weeds throughout the North American Great Plains. Herbicides such as glyphosate and dicamba have been used widely to controlB. scopariafor decades. However, manyB. scopariapopulations have evolved resistance to these herbicides due to selection. Especially, dicamba-resistantB. scopariapopulations are often also found to be glyphosate-resistant. The objective of this research was to determine whether these two herbicide resistances are linked inB. scoparia.Reciprocal crosses were performed between glyphosate- and dicamba-resistant (GDR) and glyphosate- and dicamba-susceptible (GDS)B. scopariato produce F1and F2progeny. Two F1and seven F2progeny families were screened with various doses of dicamba or glyphosate. All the F1progeny survived both dicamba and glyphosate treatments. Chi-square analyses of F2progeny suggest (1) glyphosate and dicamba resistances inB. scopariaare inherited via single, dominant nuclear genes; and (2) glyphosate- and dicamba-resistant genes are not linked. Thus, the dicamba and glyphosate resistances appear to have evolved independently due to intense selection but do not seem to spread together.
Are There Long-Term Effects of the Vietnam Draft on Political Attitudes or Behavior? Apparently Not
Authors: Green Donald P. , Davenport Tiffany C. , Hanson Kolby
Published: December 2018

The Vietnam draft lottery exposed millions of men to risk of induction at a time when the Vietnam War was becoming increasingly unpopular. We study the long-term effects of draft risk on political attitudes and behaviors of men who were eligible for the draft in 1969–1971. Our 2014–2016 surveys of men who were eligible for the Vietnam draft lotteries reveal no appreciable effect of draft risk across a wide range of political attitudes. These findings are bolstered by analysis of a vast voter registration database, which shows no differences in voting rates or tendency to register with the Democratic or Republican parties. The pattern of weak long-term effects is in line with studies showing that the long-term economic effects of Vietnam draft risk dissipated over time and offers a counterweight to influential observational studies that report long-term persistence in the effects of early experiences on political attitudes.
Burg Lino – Ein innenarchitektonisches Konzept zur Verbesserung der stationären Behandlung in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie
Authors: Wöckel Lars , Rung Dieter , Bachmann Silke , Dietschi Hubert , Wild Daniel
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung. Es gibt nur wenige Daten über Krankenhausarchitektur in psychiatrischen Kliniken. Die bisherigen Daten weisen darauf hin, dass architektonische Verbesserungen die Anwendung von Zwangsmaßnahmen verringern und zu einer Verminderung von aggressivem Verhalten, Selbst- und Fremdgefährdung und einer Veränderung in der Art und Häufigkeit einer Medikation führen. Mit dem Ziel, die Krankenhausumgebung der stationären Behandlung zu verbessern, hat das Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie der Clienia Littenheid AG das Raum- und Kommunikationskonzept „Burg Lino“ entwickelt. Gemeinsam mit den Patientinnen und Patienten, ihren Eltern und den Mitarbeitenden des multidisziplinären Teams entstand ein Konzept, das den Genesungsprozess von Kindern und Jugendlichen unterstützen und ihnen den stationären Aufenthalt erleichtern soll. Das architektonische Raumkonzept leitet sich aus der Geschichte von „Burg Lino“ ab und vereinigt Farben, Formen, Materialien, Grafiken und Möbel, um einen Genesungsprozess anzustoßen und eine angstreduzierende Umgebung zu schaffen. Mit Umsetzung von „Burg Lino“ stellten wir eine signifikante Zunahme stationärer Aufnahmen und der Belegung fest. Die Verweildauern und der Anteil der Behandlungstage unfreiwilliger Aufnahmen im fakultativ geschlossenen Bereich nahmen hingegen ab. Wir vermuten, dass diese Veränderungen Folge eines höheren Commitments, einer höheren Akzeptanz und geringeren Aggressivität bei den Patienten sowie einer höheren Motivation und Zufriedenheit bei den Mitarbeitenden ist.
Seismic Evidence of an Early Afterslip During the 2012 Sequence in Emilia (Italy)
Authors: Sugan M. , Vuan A. , Kato A. , Massa M. , Amati G.
Published: December 2018

We apply a matched‐filter‐technique to augment the detected events in the time window between the two mainshocks of the 2012 Emilia seismic sequence (Italy), 20 (Mw 6.1) and 29 (Mw 6.0) May. Using well‐located templates, we increase the number of detections from 1,727 to 7,616. This greater detail allows evidencing migrations of seismic events from the nucleation point of the first shock to the second. Repeating earthquakes are also found between the two mainshocks. The seismicity pattern suggests a transient slip acting immediately after the shallow first event, weakening and loading the volume around the deep nucleation point of the 29 May Mw 6.0 earthquake. We interpret migrations and repeaters as the fingerprint of an early afterslip triggered by the first mainshock. By taking into account the earliest repeater we estimate a cumulative slip of approximately 27 cm (Mw 5.7). This value could represent the lower bound of the total released afterslip.
Global Meridional Overturning Circulation Inferred From a Data‐Constrained Ocean & Sea‐Ice Model
Authors: Lee Sang‐Ki , Lumpkin Rick , Baringer Molly O. , Meinen Christopher S. , Goes Marlos , Dong Shenfu , Lopez Hosmay , Yeager Stephen G.
Published: December 2018

Our current understanding of the global meridional overturning circulation (GMOC) is revisited using a surface‐forced ocean model simulation constrained by global hydrographic data. The derived GMOC is qualitatively consistent with previous observation‐based studies and further provides enhanced spatial details in the sources, transformations, and transports of major global water masses including in poorly observed regions. Several important but relatively underexplored aspects of the GMOC are highlighted, including complex but vigorous heavy‐to‐light water mass transformation that occurs in the Indo‐Pacific and Southern Oceans, and the role of the equatorial Pacific upwelling in closing the GMOC circuit. These and other key aspects of the GMOC are poorly captured in a surface‐forced ocean model simulation without the temperature and salinity corrections, suggesting that current climate models do not realistically simulate the GMOC and the associated global heat, salt, and carbon balances.
Mountain Building Orogeny in Precollision Hot Backarcs: North American Cordillera, India‐Tibet, and Grenville Province
Authors: Hyndman R. D.
Published: December 2018

In this article I discuss the new perspectives on continental collisional orogeny from recent evidence that most continental subduction zones have 200‐ to 1,000‐km‐wide uniformly hot backarcs. Such hot backarcs are involved in most current and past continental collisions. I give the examples of the current India‐Asia and ancient Grenville orogens. (1) In continental collision, at least one side of the closing ocean has a backarc sufficiently hot and weak to be deformed by normal plate driving forces, in contrast to cool stable lithosphere that is too strong. Most deformation is concentrated on the subduction zone side of collision zones. (2) Precollision backarcs are hot enough to generate a ductile detachment in the lower crust, facilitating subsequent thrusting of the incoming stable continent under the upper‐middle crust of the backarc. (3) In hot backarcs there is a precollision low‐viscosity channel in the lower crust that facilitates lateral flow from beneath collision‐generated thickened crust. In continental collision orogenic belts, the high temperatures indicated by ductile deformation, metamorphism, and igneous activity are usually ascribed to heating by the orogenic process. I argue that the primary heat source is the uniformly hot backarc that predates collision. Most continental backarcs have temperatures of 800–850 °C at a 35‐km Moho, compared to ~450 °C for normal stable crust, and lithosphere thicknesses of 60–70 km compared to about 200 km. High temperatures that weaken the lithosphere may not be a consequence of orogeny but rather a precollisional requirement for most orogenic deformation and crustal thickening.
Subcellular spatial resolution achieved for deep-brain imaging in vivo using a minimally invasive multimode fiber
Authors: Vasquez-Lopez Sebastian A. , Turcotte Raphaël , Koren Vadim , Plöschner Martin , Padamsey Zahid , Booth Martin J. , Čižmár Tomáš , Emptage Nigel J.
Published: December 2018

Achieving intravital optical imaging with diffraction-limited spatial resolution of deep-brain structures represents an important step toward the goal of understanding the mammalian central nervous system1–4. Advances in wavefront-shaping methods and computational power have recently allowed for a novel approach to high-resolution imaging, utilizing deterministic light propagation through optically complex media and, of particular importance for this work, multimode optical fibers (MMFs)5–7. We report a compact and highly optimized approach for minimally invasive in vivo brain imaging applications. The volume of tissue lesion was reduced by more than 100-fold, while preserving diffraction-limited imaging performance utilizing wavefront control of light propagation through a single 50-μm-core MMF. Here, we demonstrated high-resolution fluorescence imaging of subcellular neuronal structures, dendrites and synaptic specializations, in deep-brain regions of living mice, as well as monitored stimulus-driven functional Ca2+ responses. These results represent a major breakthrough in the compromise between high-resolution imaging and tissue damage, heralding new possibilities for deep-brain imaging in vivo.
DR-region of Na+/K+ ATPase is a target to treat excitotoxicity and stroke
Authors: Shi Meimei , Cao Lei , Cao Xu , Zhu Mengyuan , Zhang Xingzhou , Wu Zhiyuan , Xiong Siping , Xie Zhizhong , Yang Yong , Chen Jingyu , Wong Peter T. H. , Bian Jin-Song
Published: December 2018

Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA) is important in maintaining cellular functions. We found that loss of NKA activities in NKAα1+/− mice is associated with increased susceptibility to ischemic injuries following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). This is corroborated by the neuroprotective effects of an antibody raised against an extracellular DR region (897DVEDSYGQQWTYEQR911, sequence number as in rat) of NKAα subunit (DR-Ab) in both preventive and therapeutic settings. DR-Ab protects cortical neurons against glutamate-induced toxicity by stimulating activities of NKA and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), which resulted in accelerated Ca2+ extrusion. DR-Ab also enhanced the association between NKA and GluR2 and therefore reduced the internalization of both proteins from membrane induced by glutamate toxicity. The mechanism appears to involve suppression of GluR2 phosphorylation through PKCα/PICK pathway. Our data indicate that DR-region of NKA may be a novel therapeutic target for drug development for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Epigenetic silencing of ZNF132 mediated by methylation-sensitive Sp1 binding promotes cancer progression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Dong , He Zhenglei , Wang Chenji , Zhou Yinghui , Li Fang , Pu Weilin , Zhang Xueqing , Feng Xulong , Zhang Meng , Yecheng Xinyue , Xu Yunyun , Jin Li , Guo Shicheng , Wang Jiucun , Wang Minghua
Published: December 2018

Epigenetic alteration of tumor suppression gene is one of the most significant indicators in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, we identified a novel ESCC hypermethylation biomarker ZNF132 by integrative computational analysis to comprehensive genome-wide DNA methylation microarray dataset. We validated the hypermethylation status of ZNF132 in 91 Chinese Han ESCC patients and adjacent normal tissues with methylation target bisulfite sequencing (MTBS) assay. Meanwhile, ZNF132 gene silencing mediated by hypermethylation was confirmed in both solid tissues and cancer cell lines. What is more, we found that in vitro overexpression of ZNF132 in ESCC cells could significantly reduce the abilities of the cell in growth, migration and invasion, and tumorigenicity of cells in a nude mouse model. We validated the Sp1-binding site in the ZNF132 promoter region with chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and demonstrated that the hypermethylation status could reduce the Sp1 transcript factor activity. Our results suggest that ZNF132 plays an important role in the development of ESCC as a tumor suppressor gene and support the underlying mechanism caused by the DNA hypermethylation-mediated Sp1-binding decay and gene silencing.
Transgenic mice overexpressing human TNF-α experience early onset spontaneous intervertebral disc herniation in the absence of overt degeneration
Authors: Gorth Deborah J. , Shapiro Irving M. , Risbud Makarand V.
Published: December 2018

There is a well-established link between cytokine expression and the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration. Among these cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are the most commonly studied. To investigate whether systemic hTNF-α overexpression affects intervertebral disc health, we studied the spine phenotype of Tg197 mice, a widely used hTNF-α transgenic line. These mice were studied at 12–16 weeks of age using comprehensive histochemical and immunohistological analysis of the spinal motion segment. Micro-CT analysis was performed to quantify vertebral trabecular bone architecture. The Tg197 mice evidenced spontaneous annular tears and herniation with increased vascularity in subchondral bone and significant immune cell infiltration. The full-thickness annular tear without nucleus pulposus (NP) extrusion resulted in neutrophil, macrophage, and mast cell infiltration into the disc, whereas the disc with full-thickness tear and pronounced NP herniation showed additional presence of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. While the observed defects involved failure of the annular, endplate, and vertebral junction, there were no obvious alterations in the collagen or aggrecan content in the NP and annulus fibrosus or the maturity of collagen fibers in Tg197 mice. Despite elevated systemic inflammation and pronounced loss of trabecular bone in the vertebrae, intact Tg197 discs were healthy and showed an increase in NP cell number. The NP cells in intact discs preserved expression of phenotypic markers: CAIII, Glut1, and Krt19. In conclusion, elevated systemic TNF-α increases the susceptibility of mice to spontaneous disc herniation and possibly radiculopathy, without adversely affecting intact intervertebral disc health.
CUL1 promotes breast cancer metastasis through regulating EZH2-induced the autocrine expression of the cytokines CXCL8 and IL11
Authors: Huang Ye-Fei , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Meng , Chen Yan-Su , Song Jun , Hou Ping-Fu , Yong Hong-Mei , Zheng Jun-Nian , Bai Jin
Published: December 2018

CUL1 is an essential component of SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Our previous study has showed that CUL1 is positively associated with poor overall and disease-specific survival of breast cancer patients. Here, we further explored its roles in breast cancer metastasis. Our data showed that CUL1 significantly promoted breast cancer cell migration, invasion, tube formation in vitro, as well as angiogenesis and metastasis in vivo. In mechanism, the human gene expression profiling was used to determine global transcriptional changes in MDA-MB-231 cells, and we identified autocrine expression of the cytokines CXCL8 and IL11 as the target genes of CUL1 in breast cancer cell migration, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. CUL1 regulated EZH2 expression to promote the production of cytokines, and finally significantly aggravating the breast cancer cell metastasis and angiogenesis through the PI3K–AKT–mTOR signaling pathway. Combined with the previous report about CUL1, we proposed that CUL1 may serve as a promising therapeutic target for breast cancer metastasis.
Molecular and functional heterogeneity of IL-10-producing CD4+ T cells
Authors: Brockmann Leonie , Soukou Shiwa , Steglich Babett , Czarnewski Paulo , Zhao Lilan , Wende Sandra , Bedke Tanja , Ergen Can , Manthey Carolin , Agalioti Theodora , Geffken Maria , Seiz Oliver , Parigi Sara M. , Sorini Chiara , Geginat Jens , Fujio Keishi , Jacobs Thomas , Roesch Thomas , Izbicki Jacob R. , Lohse Ansgar W. , Flavell Richard A. , Krebs Christian , Gustafsson Jan-Ake , Antonson Per , Roncarolo Maria Grazia , Villablanca Eduardo J. , Gagliani Nicola , Huber Samuel
Published: December 2018

IL-10 is a prototypical anti-inflammatory cytokine, which is fundamental to the maintenance of immune homeostasis, especially in the intestine. There is an assumption that cells producing IL-10 have an immunoregulatory function. However, here we report that IL-10-producing CD4+ T cells are phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous. By combining single cell transcriptome and functional analyses, we identified a subpopulation of IL-10-producing Foxp3neg CD4+ T cells that displays regulatory activity unlike other IL-10-producing CD4+ T cells, which are unexpectedly pro-inflammatory. The combinatorial expression of co-inhibitory receptors is sufficient to discriminate IL-10-producing CD4+ T cells with regulatory function from others and to identify them across different tissues and disease models in mice and humans. These regulatory IL-10-producing Foxp3neg CD4+ T cells have a unique transcriptional program, which goes beyond the regulation of IL-10 expression. Finally, we found that patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease demonstrate a deficiency in this specific regulatory T-cell subpopulation.
Author Correction: Cohort-wide deep whole genome sequencing and the allelic architecture of complex traits
Authors: Gilly Arthur , Suveges Daniel , Kuchenbaecker Karoline , Pollard Martin , Southam Lorraine , Hatzikotoulas Konstantinos , Farmaki Aliki-Eleni , Bjornland Thea , Waples Ryan , Appel Emil V. R. , Casalone Elisabetta , Melloni Giorgio , Kilian Britt , Rayner Nigel W. , Ntalla Ioanna , Kundu Kousik , Walter Klaudia , Danesh John , Butterworth Adam , Barroso Inês , Tsafantakis Emmanouil , Dedoussis George , Moltke Ida , Zeggini Eleftheria
Published: December 2018

The original version of this Article contained an error in Fig. 2. In panel a, the two legend items “rare” and “common” were inadvertently swapped. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Author Correction: nc886 is induced by TGF-β and suppresses the microRNA pathway in ovarian cancer
Authors: Ahn Ji-Hye , Lee Hyun-Sung , Lee Ju-Seog , Lee Yeon-Su , Park Jong-Lyul , Kim Seon-Young , Hwang Jung-Ah , Kunkeaw Nawapol , Jung Sung Yun , Kim Tae Jin , Lee Kwang-Soo , Jeon Sung Ho , Lee Inhan , Johnson Betty H. , Choi Jung-Hye , Lee Yong Sun
Published: December 2018

In the original version of the Supplementary Information file associated with this Article, Supplementary Fig. 18 panel b was inadvertently replaced with a duplicate of panel a. The error has now been fixed and the corrected version of the Supplementary Information PDF is available to download from the HTML version of the Article.
Publisher Correction: Internalized TSH receptors en route to the TGN induce local Gs-protein signaling and gene transcription
Authors: Godbole Amod , Lyga Sandra , Lohse Martin J. , Calebiro Davide
Published: December 2018

The original version of this Article contained errors in the three equations reported in the Methods section entitled ‘Statistics’, as described in the accompanying Publisher Correction. These errors have been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the article.
Amorphous Ni–Fe double hydroxide hollow nanocubes enriched with oxygen vacancies as efficient electrocatalytic water oxidation catalysts
Authors: Tian Tian , Zheng Min , Lin Junqi , Meng Xiangyu , Ding Yong
Published: December 2018

A hollow nanocube Ni0.75Fe0.25(OH)x exhibits good oxygen evolution activity, which should be attributed to electronic modulation and abundant oxygen vacancies.
MRI micelles self-assembled from synthetic gadolinium-based nano building blocks
Authors: Babič Andrej , Vorobiev Vassily , Trefalt Gregor , Crowe Lindsey A. , Helm Lothar , Vallée Jean-Paul , Allémann Eric
Published: December 2018

Synthetic self-assembled stealth Gd-micelles are a new blood pool contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging.
Imaging the infrared multiphoton excitation and dissociation of propargyl chloride
Authors: Foley Casey D. , Alavi S. Tahereh , Joalland Baptiste , Broderick Bernadette M. , Dias Nureshan , Suits Arthur G.
Published: December 2018

High power IR excitation coupled with state resolved imaging of propargyl chloride shows both IR multiphoton dissociation and vibrationally-mediated photodissociation.
Theoretical and experimental comparative study of the stability and phase transformations of sesquichalcogenides M2Q3 (M = Nb, Mo; Q = S, Se)
Authors: Ivanova Mariia N. , Enyashin Andrey N. , Grayfer Ekaterina D. , Fedorov Vladimir E.
Published: December 2018

We have analyzed the discrepancies in the behavior of seemingly related chalcogenides with a stoichiometry of M : Q = 2 : 3.
Prominent role of mesopore surface area and external acid sites for the synthesis of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OME) on a hierarchical H-ZSM-5 zeolite
Authors: Baranowski Christophe J. , Bahmanpour Ali M. , Héroguel Florent , Luterbacher Jeremy S. , Kröcher Oliver
Published: December 2018

By varying acid site accessibility, we demonstrated that polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers suffered from severe internal diffusion inside a MFI zeolite.
Evaluation of ferrocenyl phosphines as potent antimalarialstargeting the digestive vacuole function ofPlasmodium falciparum
Authors: Subramanian Gowtham , Sadeer Abdul , Mukherjee Kalyani , Kojima Tadayuki , Tripathi Pallavi , Naidu Renugah , Tay Shan Wen , Pang Jia Hao , Pullarkat Sumod A. , Chandramohanadas Rajesh
Published: December 2018

Ferrocenyl phosphines targeting the digestive vacuole function of the malaria parasite,Plasmodium falciparum.
A water-stable EuIII-based MOF as a dual-emission luminescent sensor for discriminative detection of nitroaromatic pollutants
Authors: Zhang Xue-Jing , Su Fang-Zhe , Chen Di-Ming , Peng Yu , Guo Wan-Ying , Liu Chun-Sen , Du Miao
Published: December 2018

This work reports a water-stable EuIII-based MOF as the first MOF sensor for detecting nitroaromatic compounds discriminatively by ratiometric methods.
Catalytic coupling of CO2 with epoxide by metal macrocycles functionalized with imidazolium bromide: insights into the mechanism and activity regulation from density functional calculations
Authors: Li Ping , Cao Zexing
Published: December 2018

Aluminum corrole functionalized with imidazolium bromide is predicted to be a promising catalyst for the cycloaddition of CO2 and epoxide.
Cascade Knoevenagel and aza-Wittig reactions for the synthesis of substituted quinolines and quinolin-4-ols
Authors: Zhang Xiaofeng , Ma Xiaoming , Qiu Weiqi , Evans Jason , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2018

A [4 + 2] annulation involving cascade Knoevenagel and aza-Wittig is developed for the synthesis of substituted quinolin-4-ols and quinolines. Green chemistry metrics analysis provided favorable results.
Dynamic simulation of liquid molecular nanoclusters: structure, stability and quantification of internal (pseudo)symmetries
Authors: Gavezzotti Angelo , Lo Presti Leonardo
Published: December 2018

In a few hours on a standard laptop, AA-CLP MD correctly reproduces the thermodynamic properties of bulk liquids and provides information on the nanoscale dynamics of liquid nanoclusters.
Hydroxyl terminated mesoporous silica-assisted dispersion of ligand-free CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 nanocrystals in polymer for stable white LED
Authors: Su Mei , Fan Bo , Li Haiyang , Wang Kai , Luo Zhongkuan
Published: December 2018

Ligand-free CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 nanocrystals were dispersed uniformly within polymer using hydroxyl-terminated-silica as the micro-container, which demonstrated excellent stability under working conditions.
An FeP@C nanoarray vertically grown on graphene nanosheets: an ultrastable Li-ion battery anode with pseudocapacitance-boosted electrochemical kinetics
Authors: Hou Bao-Hua , Wang Ying-Ying , Ning Qiu-Li , Fan Chao-Ying , Xi Xiao-Tong , Yang Xu , Wang Jiawei , Zhang Jing-Ping , Wang Xinlong , Wu Xing-Long
Published: December 2018

An FeP@carbon nanoarray vertically grown on graphene nanosheets is prepared and it exhibits superior Li-storage performance with pseudocapacitance-boosted kinetics.
Development of a peptide-based fluorescent probe for biological heme monitoring
Authors: Newton Laura D. , Pascu Sofia I. , Tyrrell Rex M. , Eggleston Ian M.
Published: December 2018

A prototype peptide-based probe has been developed for the determination of intracellular heme levels.
Multicomponent synthesis of pyroglutamic acid derivatives via Knoevenagel–Michael-hydrolysis-lactamization-decarboxylation (KMHL-D) sequence
Authors: Khopade Tushar M. , Warghude Prakash K. , Sonawane Amol D. , Bhat Ramakrishna G.
Published: December 2018

A straightforward multicomponent synthesis of 3-substituted pyroglutamic acid derivatives starting from Meldrum's acid, aldehyde and Schiff's base.
Organocatalyzed asymmetric tandem conjugate addition–protonation of isocyanoacetates to 2-chloroacrylonitrile
Authors: Yu Kun-Ming , Zhu Hui-Kai , Zhao Xiao-Li , Shi Min , Zhao Mei-Xin
Published: December 2018

Dihydroquinine-derived thiourea catalyzed asymmetric tandem conjugate addition–protonation of α-isocyanoacetates to 2-chloroacrylonitrile was developed.
Study of driving skill level discrimination based on human physiological signal characteristics
Authors: Wang Fuwang , Xu Qing , Fu Rongrong , Sun Guangbin
Published: December 2018

The study of driving skill level discrimination based on EEG, EOG and ECG characteristics, which uses the driver's license examination “subject two”, is carried out in our current research work.
Renewable vanillin based flame retardant for poly(lactic acid): a way to enhance flame retardancy and toughness simultaneously
Authors: Zhao Pengcheng , Liu Zhiqi , Wang Xueyi , Pan Ye-Tang , Kuehnert Ines , Gehde Michael , Wang De-Yi , Leuteritz Andreas
Published: December 2018

A bio-based PLA composite with excellent fire performance, improved toughness and good processability.
Highly sensitive metal-grid strain sensors via water-based solution processing
Authors: Oh Seungwoo , Kim Jin , Chang Suk Tai
Published: December 2018

Highly sensitive strain sensors with metal-grid structures formed by a water-based solution process are presented.
Design of a fluorogenic PNA probe capable of simultaneous recognition of 3′-overhang and double-stranded sequences of small interfering RNAs
Authors: Tanabe Takaaki , Sato Takaya , Sato Yusuke , Nishizawa Seiichi
Published: December 2018

We developed a new fluorescent peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe, COT probe, capable of simultaneous recognition of 3′-overhang and double stranded sequences of target small interfering RNA (siRNA).
A novel highly fluorescent S, N, O co-doped carbon dots for biosensing and bioimaging of copper ions in live cells
Authors: Dai Yanyu , Liu Zhichao , Bai Yunfeng , Chen Zezhong , Qin Jun , Feng Feng
Published: December 2018

In this study, novel highly fluorescent sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen co-doped carbon dots (S, N, O-CDs) were prepared fromm-phenylenediamine and sulfamide by using the hydrothermal method.
Comment on Enantioselective total synthesis of (−)-colchicine, (+)-demecolcinone and metacolchicine: determination of the absolute configurations of the latter two alkaloids by B. Chen, X. Liu, Y.-J. Hu, D.-M. Zhang, L. Deng, J. Lu, L. Min, W.-C. Ye and C.-C. Li, Chem. Sci., 2017, 8, 4961–4966
Authors: Hoffmann Reinhard W. , Schmalz Hans-Günther , Koert Ulrich , Pierens Gregory K.
Published: December 2018

We note that some features of the NMR spectra deposited for the purported isomeric metacolchicines are not compatible with the assignment of those isomers as being atrop-diastereomers.
Laser sintering of polymer particle pairs studied by in situ visualization
Authors: Hejmady Prakhyat , van Breemen Lambèrt C. A. , Anderson Patrick D. , Cardinaels Ruth
Published: December 2018

The effects of sintering conditions on laser sintering of polymer particle doublets are unraveled by in situ visualization.
Carbon-vacancy modified graphitic carbon nitride: enhanced CO2 photocatalytic reduction performance and mechanism probing
Authors: Shen Meng , Zhang Lingxia , Wang Min , Tian Jianjian , Jin Xixiong , Guo Limin , Wang Lianzhou , Shi Jianlin
Published: December 2018

Enhanced charge carrier generation, attenuated exciton-effect as well as upgraded CO2 adsorption/activation lead to a promoted CO2-to-CO photocatalytic conversion ability for C-vacancy modified GCN.
Ligand-free preparation of polymer/CuInS2 nanocrystal films and the influence of 1,3-benzenedithiol on their photovoltaic performance and charge recombination properties
Authors: Rath Thomas , Scheunemann Dorothea , Canteri Roberto , Amenitsch Heinz , Handl Jasmin , Wewerka Karin , Kothleitner Gerald , Leimgruber Simon , Knall Astrid-Caroline , Haque Saif A.
Published: December 2018

Modification of ligand-free polymer/CuInS2 absorber layers led to improved solar cell performance and charge carrier lifetimes.
Elevated hypertrophy, growth plate maturation, glycosaminoglycan deposition, and exostosis formation in the Hspg2 exon 3 null mouse intervertebral disc
Authors: Shu Cindy C. , Smith Susan M. , Little Christopher B. , Melrose James
Published: December 2018

Heparan sulfate (HS) regulates diverse cell signalling events in intervertebral disc development and homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ablation of perlecan HS/CS on murine intervertebral disc development. Genetic models carrying mutations in genes encoding HS biosynthetic enzymes have identified multiple roles for HS in tissue homeostasis. In the present study, we utilised an Hspg2 exon 3 null HS/CS-deficient mouse to assess the role of perlecan HS in disc cell regulation. HS makes many important contributions to growth factor sequestration, stabilisation/delivery, and activation of receptors directing cellular proliferation, differentiation, and assembly of extracellular matrix. Perlecan HS/CS-mediated interactions promote extracellular matrix assembly/stabilisation and tissue functional properties, and thus, removal of perlecan HS/CS should affect extracellular matrix function and homeostasis. Hspg2 exon 3 null intervertebral discs accumulated significantly greater glycosaminoglycan in the nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and vertebral growth plates than C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) I intervertebral discs. Proliferation of intervertebral disc progenitor cells was significantly higher in Hspg2 exon 3 null intervertebral discs, and these cells became hypertrophic by 12 weeks of age and were prominent in the vertebral growth plates but had a disorganised organisation. C57BL/6 WT vertebral growth plates contained regular columnar growth plate chondrocytes. Exostosis-like, ectopic bone formation occurred in Hspg2 exon 3 null intervertebral discs, and differences were evident in disc cell maturation and in matrix deposition in this genotype, indicating that perlecan HS/CS chains had cell and matrix interactive properties which repressively maintained tissue homeostasis in the adult intervertebral disc.
Analysis and design method of a combined radial–axial magnetic bearing based on asymmetric factor
Authors: Ren Xiaojun , Sun Jinji , Peng Cong , Qiao Hong
Published: December 2018

Combined radial–axial magnetic bearings (MBs) use a common bias magnetic circuit to provide radial and axial bias magnetic flux. Different from separate MBs, there is a constraint relation between the radial and axial bias flux. Meanwhile, there is also a constraint relationship between the radial and axial maximum bearing capacity. Therefore, the design method for separated MB is not suitable for a combined radial‐axial MB (CRAMB). In this study, a design method of the CRAMB based on an asymmetric factor was proposed. The definition of the asymmetric factor was proposed. In order to avoid the radial and axial magnetic flux into the weak magnetic field and saturation region, the optimum range of the asymmetric factor is analysed. The influence of the asymmetry factor on stiffness is analysed; the prototype designed by this method can run stably. The validity and accuracy of the design method are verified by experimental results.
Analysis on frequency and impulse characteristics of grounding grid
Authors: Su Mengmeng , Lin Yanhua , Li Zhizhong , Wang Sen
Published: December 2018

Studying the frequency and impulse characteristics of grounding grids is of great reference value for the optimal design of the substation. As the frequency increasing, the variation trend of the grounding resistance under different conditions is not same, which is affected by many factors. Therefore, this study focuses on the influence of grounding grid sizes, sparsity, soil resistivity, and grounding material on frequency and impulse characteristics. Based on these factors, the corresponding value of the grounding resistances at different frequencies and the impulse resistances are obtained by simulation. The trends of grounding resistances under different factors are analysed by using the dispersion mechanism. The simulation results show that the impulse grounding resistance will decrease with the increase of the grounding grid sizes and the conductor radius, or will decrease with the decrease of the spacing and the soil resistivity. With the increasing in frequency, the inductance effect of grounding resistance is strengthened, and the effect of soil resistivity and grounding grid parameters on grounding resistance become remarkable.
Modelling of two‐dimensional scattering centre of wind turbine based on Feko
Authors: Tang Bo , Chen Hao , Huang Li , Liu Haobang
Published: December 2018

The wind farm and high‐frequency radar station inevitably produce more and more prominent electromagnetic interference problem. The key to solve the interference problem is to study the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of wind turbines in high‐frequency area and obtain the scattering centres of the wind turbine. Here, the wind farms model established by FEKO is used to calculate the far‐field scattering data. A two‐dimensional scattering centre model of the wind turbine with small turning angle is established, and the two‐dimensional radar imaging of the wind turbine is achieved. Using the non‐parametric method to set the appropriate threshold, the two‐dimensional scattering centre of the wind turbine is obtained. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that this modelling method can reflect the target electromagnetic scattering accurately and effectively, which has certain significance in the radar identification of wind turbine and obtaining the scattering centres of wind turbine. For the parametric method, extraction of wind turbine scattering centres and analyse the Doppler effect generated when the wind turbine rotates to do the preliminary work.
Reliability model and algorithm research on HVDC system and flexible HVDC system
Authors: Zheng Zhong , Wang Yuqin , Li Cunbin , Zhang Tao , Han Yuanzhao
Published: December 2018

The main difference between flexible high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) system and the traditional HVDC system is that there are two control degrees of freedom in the flexible HVDC system that is the amplitude and phase angle of the output voltage. While, there is only one control degrees of freedom in the traditional HVDC system which is the amplitude of the output voltage. Therefore, compared with the traditional HVDC system, there will not be the problem of commutation failure in the flexible HVDC system, and the control systems of the rectifier side and the inverter side being operated independently make the reliability of the system greatly improved. This article analyses and compares the main methods of reliability assessment. Analysing and comparing the reliability parameters of the two systems by using the state enumeration method, and using the economic characterisation to make the comparison more intuitive.
Study on the ageing of insulators based on the surface charge accumulation process
Authors: Yaochong Gao , Qingquan Li , Ang Ren , Peijin Wang , Zhitao Wang , Shuai Ma , Zhunrong Zhao
Published: December 2018

In order to study the transient motion of the space charge around the air tower insulator and the charge distribution of the insulator, a two‐dimensional mixed numerical model of the insulator string based on chemical reaction is proposed. The simulation is used to obtain the space charge generation mechanism and its distribution on the insulator surface. The chemical reaction of particles mainly involves ionisation and recombination. Based on the simulation model, it is found that the accumulation of electrons on the surface of the insulation is the main reason for the distortion of the surface of the insulator. With the increase of the discharge time, the electron temperature decreases and the reaction rate decreases. The ionisation reaction gradually reaches the dynamic equilibrium. The umbrella skirt under the surface of the ion to stabilise the moment to be earlier than the umbrella skirt surface ions to achieve the steady state of the moment. A numerical model of air discharge based on Monte Carlo collision is proposed, which can well simulate the distribution of charge around the insulator of atmospheric tower. It is very important to study the phenomenon of the insulator along the surface discharge.