bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimum entropy production in inhomogeneous thermoelectric materials
Authors: Gonzalez-Narvaez R. E. , Vázquez F. , López de Haro M.
Published: December 2023

Due to their potential applications in energy production based on waste heat, direct solar radiation or other energy sources, semiconductor materials have for years attracted the attention of theoretical and experimental researchers. The focus has been on improving the performance of thermoelectric devices through several strategies and special interest has been placed on materials with spatially inhomogeneous transport properties. Inhomogeneity can be achieved in various ways, all of them leading, to a greater or lesser extent, to an improvement of the thermoelectric performance. In this paper, general linear heat and electric charge transport processes in inhomogeneous materials are addressed. The guiding idea followed here is that there exists a relationship between inhomogeneity (structuring), minimum entropy production and performance which may be fruitfully exploited for designing more efficient thermoelectric semiconductor devices. We first show that the stationary states of such materials are minimum global entropy production states. This constitutes an extension of the validity of Prigogine’s minimum entropy principle. The heat and charge transport equations obtained within the framework of classical irreversible thermodynamics are solved to find the stationary profiles of temperature and self-consistent electric potential in a one-dimensional model of a silicon–germanium alloy subjected to an external temperature difference. This allows us to assess the effect of the spatial inhomogeneity on the thermoelectric performance. We find that, regardless of the value of the applied temperature difference, the system may efficiently operate in a regime of minimum entropy production and high efficiency.
Wings and whiffs: Understanding the role of aerodynamics in odor-guided flapping flight
Authors: Lei Menglong , Li Chengyu
Published: December 2023

Odor-guided navigation is an indispensable aspect of flying insects' behavior, facilitating crucial activities such as foraging and mating. The interaction between aerodynamics and olfaction plays a pivotal role in the odor-guided flight behaviors of insects, yet the interplay of these two functions remains incompletely understood. In this study, we developed a fully coupled three-way numerical solver, which solves the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations coupled with equations of motion for the passive flapping wings, and the odorant advection–diffusion equation. This numerical solver is applied to investigate the unsteady flow field and the odorant transport phenomena of a fruit fly model in odor-guided upwind surge flight over a broad spectrum of reduced frequencies (0.325–1.3) and Reynolds numbers (90–360). Our results uncover a complex dependency between flight velocity and odor plume perception, modulated by the reduced frequency of flapping flight. At low reduced frequencies, the flapping wings disrupt the odor plume, creating a saddle point of air flow near the insect's thorax. Conversely, at high reduced frequencies, the wing-induced flow generates a stagnation point, in addition to the saddle point, that alters the aerodynamic environment around the insect's antennae, thereby reducing odor sensitivity but increasing the sampling range. Moreover, an increase in Reynolds number was found to significantly enhance odor sensitivity due to the synergistic effects of greater odor diffusivity and stronger wing-induced flow. These insights hold considerable implications for the design of bio-inspired, odor-guided micro air vehicles in applications like surveillance and detection.
Hyper-elastic behavior of soft-tissue like microgels in two-phase converging microchannel flow
Authors: Hussain Ashhar , Rahmannezhad Javad , Choi Gyeong Min , Kim Seo Gyun , Hwang Wook Ryol , Yoon Jinhwan , Lee Heon Sang
Published: December 2023

Deformation of biological cells, tissues, and similar soft materials is often considered linearly elastic; however, the assumption is only valid in a very limited stress range and often leads to significant errors in mechanical evaluation. We demonstrated the hyper-elastic behavior of ultra-soft poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm) microgels (USPNMs) in a converging channel flow, as a representation for biological tissues. The hyper-elasticity of USPNMs in response to a broad range of deformation was characterized at the centerline of the converging flow. We introduced a carrier fluid consisting of baby hydrogels (avg. diameter, 10 μm) and oil that carried the hydrophilic USPNM sample (avg. diameter, 100 μm) on the centerline of oil background fluid. By “baby hydrogel,” we mean small PNIPAm particles obtained during USPNM synthesis, using which, enabled settling-free flow, prevented wall contact, and enhanced carrier fluid viscosity for increased stresses at lower flowrates. Furthermore, drastic reduction of interfacial tension was observed in the converging area due to contact of baby gels with USPNM particles in the carrier fluid. The shear and elongational stresses were balanced with the elastic stress and interfacial Laplace pressure. As a result, we obtained a stress–strain curve from the microscopic images during flow. The non-linear stress–strain curve was characterized by conventional hyper-elastic models. The elastic modulus of the synthesized USPNM was 24 Pa, which is as low as animal brain tissue. This method holds great potential for implementing in similar hyper-elastic systems, enabling accurate mechanical evaluations in the field of soft materials, biology, and medicine.
Phase behavior of gas condensate in fractured-vuggy porous media based on microfluidic technology and real-time computed tomography scanning
Authors: Jing Wenlong , Zhang Lei , Zhang Yinglin , Memon Bilal Shams , Li Aifen , Zhong Junjie , Sun Hai , Yang Yongfei , Cheng Yulong , Yao Jun
Published: December 2023

With the development of gas-condensate reservoirs, the phase behavior of gas condensate undergoes continuous changes. The phase behavior of gas condensate in PVT cylinders is different from that in fractured-vuggy gas-condensate reservoirs because multiscale pore structures can affect the phase behavior. By vuggy, we mean the formation of a reservoir contains cavity structures. To elucidate the influence of fractured-vuggy porous media on phase behavior of gas condensate, a microfluidic chip and a fractured-vuggy carbonate sample were prepared for pressure depletion experiments. The phase behavior of gas condensate in the chip during depressurization was observed via brightfield optical microscopy. The real-time computed tomography scanning was used to analyze pore structure of the sample and to obtain the phase behavior of gas condensate under different pressures. The results showed that the dew point pressure of the gas condensate was increased from 12.0 MPa in PVT cylinders to 14.8 MPa in nanochannels of the chip. The condensate liquid appeared in micropores at 14.4 MPa. The change of the average radius, coordination number, and tortuosity of condensate liquid ganglia were calculated and analyzed using pore network models. The shape factor and the Euler number were used to classify the condensate liquid into four types including clustered, branched, membranous, and droplets ganglia. The condensate liquid was generally distributed as clustered ganglia. This study provided evidence of the effect of fractured-vuggy porous media on phase behavior of gas condensate and clarified that the phase behavior of gas condensate varies in multi-scale pores.
First coarse grain then scale: How to estimate diffusion coefficients of confined molecules
Authors: Długosz Maciej , Cichocki Bogdan , Szymczak Piotr
Published: December 2023

An approach for approximating position and orientation dependent translational and rotational diffusion coefficients of rigid molecules of any shape suspended in a viscous fluid under geometric confinement is proposed. It is an extension of the previously developed scheme for evaluating near-wall diffusion of macromolecules, now applied to any geometry of boundaries. The method relies on shape based coarse-graining combined with scaling of mobility matrix components by factors derived based on energy dissipation arguments for Stokes flows. Tests performed for a capsule shaped molecule and its coarse-grained model, a dumbbell, for three different types of boundaries (a sphere, an open cylinder, and two parallel planes) are described. An almost perfect agreement between mobility functions of the detailed and coarse-grained models, even close to boundary surfaces, is obtained. The proposed method can be used to simplify hydrodynamic calculations and reduce errors introduced due to coarse-graining of molecular shapes.
Large eddy simulations of cavitation around a pitching–plunging hydrofoil
Authors: Alavi Ali , Roohi Ehsan
Published: December 2023

In this study, we numerically examine the behavior of the NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) 66 hydrofoil under combined oscillatory motion, considering different cavitation numbers. The large eddy simulation method is used for the turbulence modeling. The vertical oscillation (combined oscillation) creates an effective angle of attack, leading to reduced drag force. Our findings indicate that increasing the speed of hydrofoil oscillation leads to a delayed onset and increased production of cavity clouds. Moreover, an increase in the angle of attack during combined oscillatory motion decreases the detachment length of cavitation bubbles. Further investigations show that cavitation on the hydrofoil's surface can accelerate the shift from a laminar to turbulent boundary layer, reinforcing the turbulent boundary layer's strength and thereby delaying the onset of flow separation. Additionally, we accurately examine the terms of the vorticity transport equation in this research. It is evident that the vorticity dilatation term forms near the boundary layers close to the hydrofoil surface and correlates well with the vapor volume fraction. This term plays a vital role in the cavitation inception process.
Cherenkov-type terahertz generation by optical rectification in KD2PO4 (DKDP) crystal
Authors: Bodrov S. B. , Abramovsky N. A. , Paramonov G. S. , Belyaev S. N. , Prokhorov A. P. , Stepanov A. N. , Bakunov M. I.
Published: December 2023

The potential of KD2PO4 (or DKDP) crystal as a terahertz generator is demonstrated, despite its extremely strong terahertz absorption. By combining the Cherenkov radiation scheme and surface-emitting geometry, femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser pulses of ∼200−300 μJ energy were converted to broadband (∼4 THz bandwidth) terahertz transients with the efficiency of ∼8×10−6. The transients produced electro-optic signals of a ∼0.15 modulation depth and ∼103 dynamic range in a 1-mm thick ZnTe detector crystal. This suggests DKDP as a potential generator crystal for terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. From our measurements, we estimated the nonlinear coefficient d36≈3 pm/V of DKDP for optical rectification, which is an order of magnitude larger than the value known from second-harmonic-generation experiments. At the same time, the obtained value of d36 is an order of magnitude smaller than the value calculated from the clamped electro-optic coefficient r63 for the MHz frequency range. At high pump intensities, we observed multiple filamentation of the pump beam and white light generation, spatially separated from terahertz generation.
The importance of molecular axis alignment and symmetry-breaking in photoelectron elliptical dichroism
Authors: Sparling Chris , Ruget Alice , Ireland Lewis , Kotsina Nikoleta , Ghafur Omair , Leach Jonathan , Townsend Dave
Published: December 2023

Photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) produced from the photoionization of chiral molecules using elliptically polarized light exhibit a forward/backward asymmetry with respect to the optical propagation direction. By recording these distributions using the velocity-map imaging (VMI) technique, the resulting photoelectron elliptical dichroism (PEELD) has previously been demonstrated as a promising spectroscopic tool for studying chiral molecules in the gas phase. The use of elliptically polarized laser pulses, however, produces PADs (and consequently, PEELD distributions) that do not exhibit cylindrical symmetry about the propagation axis. This leads to significant limitations and challenges when employing conventional VMI acquisition and data processing strategies. Using novel photoelectron image analysis methods based around Hankel transform reconstruction tomography and machine learning, however, we have quantified—for the first time—significant symmetry-breaking contributions to PEELD signals that are of a comparable magnitude to the symmetric terms in the multiphoton ionization of (1R,4R)-(+)- and (1S,4S)-(−)-camphor. This contradicts any assumptions that symmetry-breaking can be ignored when reconstructing VMI data. Furthermore, these same symmetry-breaking terms are expected to appear in any experiment where circular and linear laser fields are used together. This ionization scheme is particularly relevant for investigating dynamics in chiral molecules, but it is not limited to them. Developing a full understanding of these terms and the role they play in the photoionization of chiral molecules is of clear importance if the potential of PEELD and related effects for future practical applications is to be fully realized.
Grasshopper abundance and offtake increase after prescribed fire in semi-arid grassland
Authors: Heimbuch Nicholas Gregory , McGranahan Devan Allen , Wonkka Carissa L. , Vermeire Lance T. , Branson David H.
Published: December 2023

Background Fire modulates herbivore dynamics in open ecosystems. While extensive work demonstrates the interaction between fire and vertebrate grazers, less research describes how grasshopper herbivory dynamics respond to fire. Aim We examined how fire increased grass crude protein content and increased the density of and offtake by grasshoppers relative to unburned mixed-grass prairie. Methods We deployed grasshopper exclusion cages to determine grasshopper offtake of aboveground plant biomass, counted grasshopper abundance throughout the study period, and measured crude protein content of aboveground grass biomass. Key results Offtake and density were higher in burned versus unburned plots. Burned plot grasshopper density increased over time, with greater rates of increase in recently burned plots, while density remained constant in unburned locations. Conclusions We present a potential mechanism by which fire interacts with grasshoppers in open ecosystems. It is likely that greater grasshopper offtake and density in recently-burned plots is at least partially attributable to higher crude protein content, as grass in these plots has a much higher proportion of recent growth after fire removed senesced material. Implications Grasshopper herbivory likely acts as a multiplier of livestock herbivory in burned rangeland. Restoring fire regimes can balance direct negative effects of heating against nutritional benefits.
Protective fibroblastic niches in secondary lymphoid organs
Authors: De Martin Angelina , Stanossek Yves , Pikor Natalia Barbara , Ludewig Burkhard
Published: December 2023

Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are specialized fibroblasts of secondary lymphoid organs that provide the structural foundation of the tissue. Moreover, FRCs guide immune cells to dedicated microenvironmental niches where they provide lymphocytes and myeloid cells with homeostatic growth and differentiation factors. Inflammatory processes, including infection with pathogens, induce rapid morphological and functional adaptations that are critical for the priming and regulation of protective immune responses. However, adverse FRC reprogramming can promote immunopathological tissue damage during infection and autoimmune conditions and subvert antitumor immune responses. Here, we review recent findings on molecular pathways that regulate FRC–immune cell crosstalk in specialized niches during the generation of protective immune responses in the course of pathogen encounters. In addition, we discuss how FRCs integrate immune cell–derived signals to ensure protective immunity during infection and how therapies for inflammatory diseases and cancer can be developed through improved understanding of FRC–immune cell interactions.
Double quantum images encryption scheme based on chaotic system
Authors: Jiang 蒋 She-Xiang 社想 , Li 李 Yang 杨 , Shi 石 Jin 锦 , Zhang 张 Ru 茹
Published: December 2023

This paper explores a double quantum images representation (DNEQR) model that allows for simultaneous storage of two digital images in a quantum superposition state. Additionally, a new type of two-dimensional hyperchaotic system based on sine and logistic maps is investigated, offering a wider parameter space and better chaotic behavior compared to the sine and logistic maps. Based on the DNEQR model and the hyperchaotic system, a double quantum images encryption algorithm is proposed. Firstly, two classical plaintext images are transformed into quantum states using the DNEQR model. Then, the proposed hyperchaotic system is employed to iteratively generate pseudo-random sequences. These chaotic sequences are utilized to perform pixel value and position operations on the quantum image, resulting in changes to both pixel values and positions. Finally, the ciphertext image can be obtained by qubit-level diffusion using two XOR operations between the position-permutated image and the pseudo-random sequences. The corresponding quantum circuits are also given. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme ensures the security of the images during transmission, improves the encryption efficiency, and enhances anti-interference and anti-attack capabilities.
Characteristics of cell motility during cell collision
Authors: Ma 马 Yikai 一凯 , Li 李 Na 娜 , Chen 陈 Wei 唯
Published: December 2023

Quantitative examination of cellular motion and intercellullar interactions possesses substantial relevance for both biology and medicine. However, the effects of intercellular interactions during cellular locomotion remain under-explored in experimental research. As such, this study seeks to bridge this research gap, adopting Dictyostelium discoideum (Dicty) cells as a paradigm to investigate variations in cellular motion during reciprocal collisions. We aim to attain a comprehensive understanding of how cell interactions influence cell motion. By observing and processing the motion trajectories of colliding cells under diverse chemical environments, we calculated the diffusion coefficient (D) and the persistence time (τ), using mean square displacement. Our analysis of the relationship dynamics between D and τ prior to the collisions reveals intricate and non-monotonic alterations in cell movements during collisions. By quantitatively scrutinizing the τ trend, we were able to categorize the cellular responses to interactions under different conditions. Importantly, we ascertained that the effect of cell interactions during collisions in Dicty cells emulates a classical sigmoid function. This discovery suggests that cellular responses might comply with a pattern akin to the Weber–Fechner law.
The Sustainability of Settlement Existence in Makam Kampong. Case Study Kemlaten Makam Kampong in Cirebon City, West Java
Authors: Pratiwi Y , Putri D I K
Published: December 2023

Makam Kampong or cemetery village is a settlement located in the cemetery area. Residents live in the cemetery area due to the phenomenon of limited land in urban. The purposes of this study are to examine the condition of settlements in the cemetery, both in terms of a house condition, facilities, and infrastructure, and also to examine the sustainability and livability factors that make residents continue to live in Makam Kampong. The research method used is the descriptive qualitative method. The cases taken were the Kemlaten Makam Kampong, Cirebon. The results of this research are the condition of settlements in Kemlaten have adequate conditions with four types of houses. There are some mosques and schools surrounding kampong. The condition of some of the roads is still in soil and the drainage is still in open drainage. The residents in Kemlaten have various types of jobs owned by the residents and economic facilities. There are open spaces and trees in the cemetery area, road area, and house area in Kemlaten. Cemetery area also as a playground and gathering area. The conclusion is that Kemlaten Makam Kampong has sustainability and livability factors that make the survival of squatter settlements in the cemetery area.
Socio-cultural transformation aspects of the local sustainability from a traditional community in the protected area
Authors: Santosa E B , Dinan R , Lion JCL
Published: December 2023

Most of Indonesia’s villages encounter obstacles to their prosperity aspect; however, despite its remote location, Ranupani has not experienced such issue. Blessed by fertile arable lands, abundant natural resources, and supported by many government programs, this village does not experience economic issues. At the same time, however, environmental and socio-cultural issues are started to be felt by the community. Fragmentations happen among the people, and natural disasters also frequently hit this village, decreasing environmental quality and carrying capacity. The locals should consider these situations well to re-think the village’s future. Do they need to keep on business as usual to maximize their economic potential, or might they be thriving to regain the socio-cultural and environmental sustainability they have in the past? These discussions are indeed away from easy for them, particularly in the middle of extreme transformation situations. This article uses a narrative-ethnographic approach, library research, and the lived-in-in-the-site method. Data was collected by interviewing the involved relevant actors and some observative participation in this village’s community activities. Revealing the discussions about future village development becomes the final aim of this article, mainly related to the sustainability aspects. The analysis shows distinctive differences between the sustainability priorities and the people, with economic interest dominating the debate. Awareness and education levels of the people along with the leadership become the critical aspects whether those discussions of the sustainability priorities will bring a better village or otherwise.
The Financial Impact Potential as A Consequence of Thermal Discomfort in a Low-income Living Space: The Case Study of Rusunawa Pengadegan, Jakarta
Authors: Rahardjo Astrid H. , Bachtiar Firmansyah , Rezaie Reza , Azzahra Sheren
Published: December 2023

The cost of electricity incurred for providing a thermally comfortable living space in big cities like Jakarta, by using fans and air conditioners, takes up to 32,41% of the overall utility cost per low-income household. The use of air conditioners by the low-income residents of a number of rusunawas in Jakarta, however, is clearly observable from the outside. This condition not only emphasizes the importance of a thermally comfortable living space but also the impact of the architects’ decisions in designing affordable vertical housings on the economy of the occupants. The aim of this study is to find the impact of the architect’s design decisions as reflected in the building shape and orientation as well as the opening dimensions on the thermal comfort as experienced by the residents and how it further affects their economy. This study uses rusunawa Pengadegan in South Jakarta as its research location. The study was conducted by developing a thermal comfort simulation and an observation on the evidence of use of air conditioners followed with a predictive calculation on the affected electricity cost. The aim is to examine the suitability of the rusunawa design toward the economic livelihood of the residents in the long run.
Airport Transit Hotel Concept Based on Human Sleep Algorithm as a Solution to Sleep Quality Problems in Business Travelers
Authors: Xian G E , Samodra FX T B
Published: December 2023

Air transportation is an adequate accommodation in energy and time, but in its operation, delays still occur. This condition makes airplane passengers physically and psychologically exhausted, so they need a place to rest. Sleep is a human need to restore energy. This human biological clock is affected by the quality and quantity of their sleep, which are affected by external conditions. Sleeping difficulty also disturbs the productive rhythm of business travelers who are required to be mobile and time efficient simultaneously. In this final project, the Layover-Break approach will answer to this problem. The architectural object in the form of a transit hotel will accommodate the need for a short break for business travelers, by applying the Sleep in Transit method and questionnaire tools and DepthmapX in transforming the formal concept of design to conditions on the site. The design area is at Juanda Airport, Surabaya, East Java. This condition encourages the existence of an architecture that accommodate a person’s rest in a short time but can provide excellent sleep quality by modifying architectural things that can stimulate a person’s restful sleep. The design can be a solution to the application of people’s needs for rest, to accommodate temporary transit activities with an emphasis on the effectiveness and fulfillment of sleep as an experience.
Typology of Development at Spatial Patterns of Water Edge Area in Malay Ethnic Community in Pontianak
Authors: Gunawan I , Soemardiono B , Septanti D
Published: December 2023

City development is a concrete picture between human activities and the progress of process experienced by humans. City development can be shown by changes in regional styling planning patterns. Understanding the changes that have occurred is an important step in finding patterns of development as a basis for knowledge and preparation for future developments so that the city does not lose its identity. The Pontianak city is known as the city of a thousand rivers which started the formation of the city from the water’s edge. The Pontianak city is a city with various ethnicities, one of the largest being ethnic Malays. This condition is the reason the research focuses on the development of spatial planning in Pontianak City with the waterfront area and the Malay ethnicity. The purpose of this study was to determine the typology of the development of the Malay ethnic spatial pattern on the waterfront of Pontianak City and its causes. The object of this research is every river lanes and ditches in the Pontianak City area that mapped through satellite mapping. The method used in this research is a combination of quantitative and qualitative. This research was started using a qualitative approach in the form of secondary data collection (historical records of the distribution of spatial patterns) which was then followed by a quantitative approach in the form of analysis of water transportation routes (rivers and ditches) with space syntax. The results showed that there was a development of typology of waterfront spatial patterns in the Malay ethnic group in Pontianak City, which was originally a linear pattern that followed the shape of the main route (Kapuas and Landak River ) to become a cluster pattern (more random in shape and protrudes into). This is due to the development of transportation routes so that the integration value becomes even. An even integration value makes it easier to reach between regions and does not only focus on the main water transportation routes (Kapuas and Landak River)
Towards Comfortable and Gender Friendly Weaving Rooms in the Sumba Houses in Anajiaka Village
Authors: Wiyatiningsih  , Bawole P , Amijaya S Y
Published: December 2023

The study discusses the setting of weaving rooms in Sumba houses influencing the spatial arrangement and cultural meaning. The weaving rooms are considered as female space, so that it is placed on the left side of the house. This allows the weavers to do their domestic tasks and weave at the same time. Based on the problem, the study aims to find out the cultural values and the spatial adjustment of the weaving rooms. The study implemented descriptive-qualitative research method by collecting data through a field observation and interviews. The data were analyzed with gender equality concept in the context of Sumba to find out the cultural values of the weaving rooms. The comfortable principles were viewed from motion comfort through spatial adjustment of the weaving rooms and thermal comfort to examine the visual comfort. The study was done in Anajiaka Village, Sumba Tengah Regency. Five Sumba houses occupied by five members of weaving organization “INA DUTA” were selected as the case study. The results of the study show that the meaning of Sumba houses is changed by weaving activities. The houses are not only a cultural form, but also an economic means. This spatial transformation is followed by the shifting of gender role concept in the context of Sumba. Considering the key role of women weavers in improving the living quality, the providing of proper weaving rooms is a significant way to encourage women weavers in Anajiaka Village. By producing woven clothes, the weavers take a key part in sustaining the community of Anajiaka Village. The community can provide woven clothes that are needed for social and cultural materials without depending on the neigbouring communities.
Towards the Sustainable Marine Tourism in Temajuk Sambas; Perspective of Visitors
Authors: Muazir S , Lestari  , Nurhamsyah M , Alhamdani M R
Published: December 2023

Tourism is a massive industry in the world in terms of economic impact. The tourism sector in Indonesia is the most significant contributor to foreign exchange. To support village development from a tourism perspective, tourism villages can be developed based on existing potential. One village with tourism potential in West Kalimantan is Temajuk village in Sambas district. This village has the potential in the form of a beach or maritime attraction. To develop the potential, tourist attractions need to be planned to support the demand of tourists and adjusted with the existing potential. This article is part of the research process that on the process. The method used is a visitor survey which contains several indicators related to the characteristics of visitors and their perspectives. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires to visitors in the Temajuk village, with a target of 175 respondents. The findings found that, in general, visitors gave an appreciation of the existing marine potential. The basic infrastructure, supporting facilities, and distribution need to be planned and developed. Further development may consider development clusters per village priorities, such as promotion and information development clusters, various attractions, infrastructure and facilities support, and multiple products.
Study of Accessibility Principles for Persons with Disabilities in Yogyakarta City Spatial Regulation
Authors: Pujiyanti I
Published: December 2023

City Spatial Regulation is a public policy that becomes a reference in physical development planning. In formulating spatial planning regulations, many considerations are needed that refer to data updates and adjustments to public issues. Accessibility in urban spaces for persons with disabilities is an important issue that needs to be accommodated in consideration of city spatial regulations so that the fundamental rights of persons with disabilities in accessing public spaces can be fulfilled quickly, comfortably and independently. This study aims to determine how deeply the principle of accessibility for persons with disabilities is applied in the spatial regulations of the City of Yogyakarta. This research method uses a systematic literature review that analyzes the spatial regulations of the city of Yogyakarta from 1990 to 2021, published on the Yogyakarta City government website. Each rule will be discussed in terms of accessibility principles and compared to see if it changes. The results of this study note that the spatial regulations of the city of Yogyakarta have increased in applying the principle of accessibility over the years. The application of the principle of accessibility begins in 2015 to 2021 with regional regulations. However, the principle of accessibility applied in the regulation only applies to the scope of pedestrian paths in the form of particular roads for persons with disabilities. There needs to be a commitment from the city government so that the implementation of the principle of accessibility as a whole can be consistently stated in spatial regulations in line with laws and ministerial regulations related to technical guidelines and accessibility requirements.
Public Area Dependance in Winongo Riverbank
Authors: Widyoputro M K L
Published: December 2023

The Winongo riverbank as a natural asset, the settlement has public facilities to support people’s activities such as economic, social, cultural, and physical facilities (infrastructure). This research area is the Winongo riverbank within the administrative boundaries of the city of Yogyakarta. Despite public space facilities’ inadequate quality, user interest is still very high. This study aims to determine the significance of the influence of user perceptions on place quality regarding public area dependence. The research methods were by using questionnaires, which were shared to 200 respondents who are residents of settlements on the Winongo riverbank who are using the public area. Assessment of attachment patterns is associated with existing physical conditions (assets) and activity (attachment). The result shows that the pattern of asset utilization is formed by several factors, such as integration in accessibility, security, and asset type. The factors of comfort, liveability, facilities, and infrastructure have little influence on the intensity of the attachment. Activity in the asset that is not valuable can occur due to the absence of adequate infrastructure. However, because of the large number of visitors, the activities that occur in these assets can become embryos or generators, forming a new asset for urban livelihood.
A Review: Social Behaviour and Transitional Space in Kampung Prawirotaman, Yogyakarta.
Authors: Fitria Tika Ainunnisa , Yetti Aprodita Emma , Rasidi Mohd. Hisyam , Said Ismail
Published: December 2023

Transitional space that accommodates the community’s social activities. In Prawirotaman, the social spaces are formed in the transitional space, such as street, alley, house yard and terrace. Residents still sustain their transitional space for their social activities amid the kampung transformation due tourism. This research aims to understand the resident’s social behaviour that is influenced by the function of the transitional space in their daily lives, through reviewing the correlation between social behaviour and transitional space in a kampung. The research used a qualitative approach, and the data was obtained from snapshot, mapping, and interviews. It found that there is a relationship between transitional space and the pattern of social activities in a kampung. Transitional space becomes a social space that formed spontaneously and independently, based on a social agreement. It was manifested in the residents’ daily activities, movements, and the transitional space components.
The politics of development: revisiting concept of sustainable cities in Malioboro, Yogyakarta
Authors: Fathana H , Dewi K U
Published: December 2023

This research discusses the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, particularly in the Malioboro area. The questions to be addressed are: how have the Yogyakarta governments recontextualized the concept of sustainability in managing Malioboro? To what extent are the concept of sustainable cities perceived by Yogyakarta governments? This research argues that the government of Yogyakarta has put an effort to recontextualize Malioboro as a part of a sustainable city in achieving the target set by Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The recontextualization starts by first creating an ideal environment in the area in which there will be equal opportunities for anyone who is a member of the society. This would lead to a changed social structure that could enable the society to thrive as they are able to further explore the potential provided by the previously-mentioned equal opportunities. The changed society due to a better environment would lead to a more economically prosperous society, and therefore achieve the sustainable development as targeted by the government.
Room factors that affect the physical and non-physical quality of working space at home during the pandemic era: workers’ perceptions
Authors: Vidiyanti C , Madina R F
Published: December 2023

During the pandemic, the trend of working from home is changing the pattern of working space at home. Undesign working space will affect the performance of workers. Knowledge about the ideal working space at home is required. To answer this, it is necessary to know the room factors that affect the physical and non-physical quality of the working space at home. This study will examine the workers’ perception of the working space at home quality. The purpose of this study is to analyze the room factors that affect the physical and nonphysical quality of working space at home based on workers’ perceptions. Questionnaires have been distributed and get 206 respondents. 200 data that can be processed, will be analyzed using the ANOVA method. The results of the study found that the room factors that affect the physical and non-physical quality of the working space at home are the opening position, natural air availability, and the scenery category with moderate influence. Based on the results of the study, designing a working space at home, the important thing that must be considered is a good view that can prevent boredom when doing activities at home. To support the physical and non-physical qualities in a comfortable working space at home, a room with side openings, conditionable air ventilation, and a view of a well-maintained garden is needed.
Building Simulation Software for Indoor Air Quality Research: A Review
Authors: Nugrahanti Fathina Izmi , Koerniawan M. D. , Wonorahardjo S. , Larasati D. , Sudrajat I.
Published: December 2023

In this digital era, information technology really helps the process of designing and designing a more efficient, durable, high-performance building. After the pandemic, indoor air quality (IAQ) becomes an important issue since human spend most of the time indoor, which can impact their well-being in the long term. Ventilation is considered as one of the effective strategies in order to control IAQ. However, airflow and pollutant transport are a complex mechanism, therefore it is hard to understand only by experimental method. Advance information technology nowadays can help predict the building air quality from the early design stage. This paper aims to discuss various building simulation models and the popular software used. The basic principles of three models, multizone, zonal, and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models are explained, following with their advantages and limitation. By comparing the simulation ability, accuracy, computational cost, simulation time, user skill requirement, and visual user interface, architect and researcher can choose the right simulation model according to their needs, in designing building which emit less pollutant and provide enough ventilation for contaminants discharge.
Biomimicry Architecture for Healthy Built Environment: A Review of Existing Literature
Authors: Chairiyah Riri
Published: December 2023

Health issues in the 21st century have become essential in addition to sustainable development issues. Health is an urgent need to find solutions to problems so that human health is always maintained. Health issues are also influenced by the built environment, one of which is studied in the concept of healthy building. A healthy building has several criteria that can be a point of view to see if the building is healthy or unhealthy. Physiological, psychological and disease transmission problems are the main problems faced by users who use unhealthy buildings. Biomimicry architecture emerged due to technological and scientific advances, in which cross-disciplinary science has become the power of knowledge today. Biomimicry architecture is a design approach that uses nature to solve human problems. Health problems and the need to produce healthy buildings can use biomimicry architecture as a problem-solving method. This paper uses a descriptive qualitative content analysis method on various written references related to biomimicry architecture and how biomimicry architecture produces healthy buildings. The conclusion of this study shows that biomimicry architecture is an approach to using natural inspiration to solve human problems, one of which is building health. Implementing principles found in nature delivers buildings designed with a biomimicry architectural approach to be healthier. That is due to the successful application of natural traits that are always adaptive, efficient, effective and live in line with the environment in the built environment.
Developing A General Building Design Model for Higher Education Facilities to Reduce Academic Stress Through A Mindfullness-Based Design Approach.
Authors: Purnaumbara K L , Khasna S
Published: December 2023

Teaching and learning activities at the higher education has causes academic stress experienced by students. In psychology, one way to deal with stress is through mindfulness practices that make users focus on their current condition, focus on the present, and can minimize the impact of stress and improve academic performance. The purpose of this study is to formulate criteria for mindfulness-based educational building facilities and then develop them in a partial design model that can be applied according to the respective design context. The research was conducted through literature review as the basis for model development through design by research. The results of the elaboration of the literature review on mindfulness and components of educational facility design show that a mindfulness-based design model can be developed by focusing on building mass design, human circulation network design, and landscape design.
Use of palm waste zephyr boards as a solution for floating building deterioration
Authors: Supriyanta  , Pambudi G A
Published: December 2023

Technological advances require developers to issue their latest innovations, one of which is composite wood technology derived from palm frond waste and known as Zephyr boards. One of the cultural assets is the existence of a floating architecture or floating building which until now still has a dependence on natural wood material, it is necessary to renew the material, one of which is the use of Zephyr boards from palm fronds. Materials derived from nature are generally very susceptible to deterioration, especially when in contact with water and high humidity. So it is necessary to understand the character of the Zephyr board, as well as to know the parts of the floating building that are prone to deterioration and strategies that can improve the quality of the Zephyr board technology that can be applied to floating buildings. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The findings of this study are in the form of a study of information related to processing and test results on the character of Zephyr boards and efforts to improve quality that can be done as well as information related to parts of floating buildings that are prone to deterioration.
A Study of Shading Selection Strategy for Natural Ventilation of Office Buildings in Jakarta
Authors: Mannan K A , Tarigan S G , Uddin N
Published: December 2023

In this post-Covid-19 pandemic, the existence of a space that is connected to outside air circulation is a necessity. This is because good air circulation can reduce the potential for the spread of Covid-19 indoors. One of the challenges in implementing natural ventilation is the entry of excess solar heat into the building. One strategy that can be done to avoid the entry of excess solar heat is to use shadows to filter sunlight. This study examined the appropriate shading strategy that can be applied to overcome the problem of excessive solar heat in the ventilation section of office buildings in Jakarta. The research will be conducted using an experimental method, Sketchup’s Pre-Design simulation. The simulation results show that Eggcrate and Automated Blinds shading are two types that can reduce harmful solar heat entering the building the highest compared to other types of shading.
An investigation of indoor thermal environment of wooden school building (Case study of SDN 14 Pontianak)
Authors: Lestari  , Muazir S
Published: December 2023

A thermal environment is an affecting factor toward students’ comfort and health at school. One thing that gives an impact on the thermal environment is the selection of building materials, which is influenced by the thermal mass. The use of wooden materials has high potency in reducing global warming and supporting increased thermal comfort. This study aims to explain the inspection result of the school building which has 2 types of buildings, namely the wooden building and the concrete building. The purpose is to find out how the thermal environment is formed in the classrooms in those two buildings and the potential of wood materials. This study used a field measurement method where the case study building was SDN 14 Pontianak. The obtained result indicated that the air temperature variable showed the same phenomenon at each measurement time. The air temperature in the wooden building was always lower compared to the air temperature in the classroom of the concrete building, where the difference reached 2,68 °C. The other variable showed varied phenomena so a general conclusion could not be drawn. It might be affected by other aspects which were not calculated in this measurement.
Study of the Effect of Magnesium Sulfate and Ammonium Nitrate on the Chemical Activity of Solutions of Phosphoric Acid
Authors: Kambarov Asadjon , Shamshidinov Israiljon , Najmiddinov Rixsitilla , Kodirova Gulnoza , Usmanov Ilkham , Absattorov Diyorbek , Ruzibayev Bakhram , Samadiy Murodjon
Published: December 2023

The present study aimed to study the effect of magnesium sulfate and ammonium nitrate on the chemical activity of phosphoric acid solutions. The results of studies on increasing the chemical activity of extractive phosphoric acid from Central Kyzylkum and Karatau phosphorites due to the concentration of the first hydrogen ions and the pH of the medium are presented. It has been shown that introducing magnesium sulfate heptahydrate into the acid reduces the concentration of the first hydrogen ions. Adding an amount of ammonium nitrate increases the concentration of the first hydrogen ions even higher than in the acid without magnesium. It has been established that the solubility of magnesium hydrophosphate increases with an increase in the content of P2O5 phosphoric acid, dihydrogen phosphate decreases as a result of dissociation with the formation of a hydrophosphate ion, and phosphoric acid dissociates with the formation of a dihydrophosphate ion, which binds with hydrogen ions, forming a dihydrophosphate ion.