bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las formas de reparación en la responsabilidad del Estado: hacia su unificación sustancial en todas las acciones contra el Estado
Authors: Henao Juan Carlos
Published: October 2015

Este trabajo comporta un análisis crítico de la reparación del daño en el derecho administrativo colombiano. A partir del estudio de las nociones de ‘daño’ y ‘reparación’, esenciales para la atribución de responsabilidad civil, se demuestra el carácter limitado del entendimiento clásico de la responsabilidad extracontractual del Estado. Así pues, el artículo propone una comprensión de la reparación a partir del criterio de ‘universalización’, con independencia de las acciones por medio de las cuales se persiga una condena del Estado. Además, hace un estudio sobre los medios de control consagrados en el Código de Procedimiento Administrativo y de lo Contencioso Administrativo, y las acciones constitucionales a la luz de las diversas formas de reparación del daño.
La intervención notarial en la mediación. Consideraciones de ‘lege ferenda’ en la prevención/resolución de conflictos en el ordenamiento jurídico cubano
Authors: Milán Morales Noadis , Ordelin Font Jorge Luis , Vega Cardona Raúl José
Published: October 2015

El presente artículo discurre en busca de los entresijos en los que confluyen la función pública del notario y el proceso de mediación, no para concebir un notario en funciones de mediador, sino para vislumbrar cómo el ejercicio de esta función pública puede garantizar la efectividad de la mediación, ya sea a partir de la utilización de la función asesora del notario que le permita la inserción de cláusulas sobre mediación en los testamentos, como forma de previsión de conflictos sucesorios-familiares o como medio de garantía del carácter vinculante de los acuerdos de mediación.
Evaluation of Enhanced Condensate Recovery Potential in Shale Plays by Huff-n-Puff Gas Injection
Authors: Meng Xingbang , Sheng James J. , Yu Yang
Published: October 2015

In gas condensate reservoirs, production performance is compromised by the liquid dropout due to reservoir pressure depletion below the dew point pressure. In the shale gas-condensate plays, the condensate banking caused by a high pressure drop further reduce the productivity of the well. Evaluation of the condensate banking effect in shale reservoirs is critical to developing this type of shale condensate plays. Improving condensate recovery has a great economic potential to the oil industry. Condensate has a very good economic value because it contains heavier components in the reservoir. Also the reduction of condensate could increase the relative permeability of gas, the gas production could be improved. Published research shows that condensate banking problem is more significant for low permeability condensate systems. Therefore, this study to focus on this important issue: enhancing gas-condensate recovery in shale gas reservoirs.

In this paper, huff-n-puff gas injection in a shale gas reservoir is simulated to enhance gas-condensate recovery. The model used in the simulation work is calibrated with our enhanced condensate recovery experimental data which shows that huff-n-puff can effectively improve condensate recovery.

Based on the calibrated work, simulation study is performed to investigate the potential of huff-n-puff gas injection to enhance condensate recovery in shale plays. Different parameters are investigated in this simulation work: 1) different gas injection pressure, 2) different numbers of huff-n-puff cycles, 3) different soaking time.

The results of both the experimental and simulation work show that huff-n-puff method can effectively improve condensate recovery. During the huff period of cyclic gas injection, the pressure is increased, and the liquid dropout will be re-vaporized and then recovered during the puff period. We used 5 cycles of gas injection to improve condensate recovery and found that the first cycle recovered most of the condensate in the laboratory. The recovery efficiency of subsequent cycles was declined. The simulation work shows the similar recovery profile as observed in the laboratory.

Very limited research has been conducted to enhance condensate recovery in shale reservoirs. This paper focuses on examining the efficiency of huff-n-puff method to improve condensate recovery. Results indicate the applicability of huff-n-puff gas injection.
Impact of Geo-Mechanical Properties on the Fracture Treatment of Utica Shale
Authors: Osman Tarig M. , Bilgesu H. Ilkin
Published: October 2015

The main objective of this study was to understand the impact of formation geo-mechanical properties such as horizontal stress level, Young's modulus and Poison's ratio on the fracturing treatment outcome and also on the complex fracture growth. More precisely, the impact of these properties on the growth of discrete fracture network (DFN).

A single horizontal well model was built using commercially available software to simulate the fracturing treatment. The model was built based on Utica shale properties obtained from different sources. Different scenarios had been simulated based on the formation properties variation of Utica shale and also for different operational parameters such as treatment volume and injection rate. The simulation had been performed using the three dimension design concept to estimate the created fracture geometry and properties. The simulation also performed to compare between the single and multi-cluster fracturing treatment.

The results showed that the horizontal stress level plays a significant role in controlling the fracture orientation and growth and also affects the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). The bi-wig fracture half length, width and volume were increased as the horizontal stress difference increased while the discrete fracture network (DFN) properties and the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) were increased. The Young's modulus and the leak-off coefficient also impact the fracture and the discrete fracture network. The formations with high Young's modulus generated shorter and smaller bi-wing fracture and higher DFN length and stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). Thus, the hydraulic fracturing treatments in areas with high Young's modulus values will yield high SRV and better well performance. The increase of the leak-off coefficient will reduce the fracture and discrete fracture network volume.

This research can be extended to match the fracturing simulation results with the field micro-seismic data, and then use the matched results in production history matching for better understanding and evaluation of horizontal well performances in shale gas formations.
Water-Rock Interaction for Eagle Ford, Marcellus, Green River, and Barnett Shale Samples
Authors: Ali Maaz , Hascakir Berna
Published: October 2015

Knowledge of water-rock interactions on the surface of fractures is important to develop an understanding of the geological structures and changes within the formation, to determine the water pollutants in produced water during hydraulic fracturing, and to manage effectively the produced waters. To obtain this knowledge, the water-shale interaction is investigated on carbonate-rich (Eagle Ford), organic-rich (Green River), clay-rich (Barnett), and other minerals rich (Marcellus) shale samples.

Crushed shale samples were exposed to water for three weeks at reservoir conditions. The water and rock samples before and after each static experiment subjected to several analyses. The change in the rock mineralogy was defined with XRD, the elemental composition of rock was determined with XPS and SEM-EDS. The water was analyzed for its anions and cations, total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, pH, total organic carbon (TOC), and average particle sizes of colloids. The stability of the colloids are characterized with Zeta potential.

It has been observed that Barnett rock is high in illite content, the greatest calcite concentration is determined for Eagle Ford rock. The sulfate source of water correlates with the atomic percent of the sulfur and oxygen elements determined through XPS analyses. The magnesium content of water correlates mainly with illite amount in the rock and calcium concentration associates with the calcite and gypsum content of the rock samples. The greatest dissolution rate belongs to the minerals which yields sulfate in the water, then, gypsum and calcite which yield calcium cation in the water come second, and the lowest dissolution rates obtained from the magnesium containing minerals mainly dolomite. TDS of the water samples shows that Green River has the least tendency to interact with water and Barnett has the greatest tendency. Zeta potential values indicate that the particles in the water interacted with Eagle Ford have the highest tendency for precipitation, since it has the lowest zeta potential value.

This study provides correlations on water-rock interaction for four different shale samples. These correlations can be used to understand the water-rock interactions for different rocks by conducting simple XRD and XPS measurements only on rock samples.
Environmental Benefits of Electric Powered Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Oehring J. M.
Published: October 2015

The electric well stimulation fleet has shown great advances in environmental responsibility. The use of electric equipment reduces refueling traffic and has eliminated over 400 diesel deliveries to date. Emissions are reduced by over 99%. Fire risk is significantly reduced with some fire hazards being completely eliminated. The average sound pressure is reduced by 69% on the site. Electric powered hydraulic fracturing is an important step towards conducting well stimulation in a more environmentally responsible manner.

Traditional hydraulic fracturing fleets are powered by over twenty large diesel engines providing up to 2,500 BHP each. These environmental benefits are achieved by removing all diesel engines from a hydraulic fracturing site and replacing them with mobile turbine engine generator units. Then a fleet can be run completely on electric power. This technology was first deployed in 2014 in the Marcellus shale formation in West Virginia, and is the first fully electric, fully mobile well stimulation system completely fueled by natural gas.

The fleet generates electric power with three natural-gas-fueled turbine engine generators at 13,800 volts (V). The power generated by the turbines then runs through switchgear and is stepped down to 600 V using transformers. At this point, the electric fleet is similar to a conventional hydraulic fracturing fleet, except that all the fleet's diesel engines and transmissions are replaced by electric motors and variable frequency drives. Pumps, blenders, hydration, data van, and sand equipment are also all completely electric powered.
Approach for Assessing Wellbore Integrity to Prioritize Study Areas for Potential Siting of a Carbon Dioxide Repository
Authors: Buxton Bruce , Weber Stephanie , Moody Mark A. , Gupta Neeraj , Sminchak Joel
Published: October 2015

In this paper we present a proposed semi-quantitative approach for assessing the integrity of active and retired oil and gas wells in example study areas for siting geologic carbon storage repositories. The approach makes use of readily available wellbore information and is illustrated with study areas in Ohio and Michigan. Results help depict wellbore integrity issues in a region that has numerous oil and gas wells dating back to the 1800s. We first reviewed readily available sources of information and identified three key well condition indicators that might be expected to impact wellbore integrity – wellbore age, depth and status. Each of these indicators was then coded for each available well with a simple scale representing increasing levels of expected wellbore integrity and combined to form a composite integrity score. The resulting composite indicators provide a useful tool to help identify areas where existing wells tend to be newer, shallower, and plugged and abandoned– all of these being conditions more favorable for repository siting. When considered in combination with maps showing the depth of targeted geologic confining layers and maps indicating the density of existing wells (i.e., the number of existing wells per 1 km2 grid cell), the maps of wellbore integrity provide a more complete evaluation of different areas for repository siting. Study areas in Ohio and Michigan were evaluated and pros and cons of each area are discussed to help illustrate the utility of this proposed wellbore integrity approach. The approach proposed here makes use of reasonably extensive and readily available information, and combines it in a systematic and objective way, creating an intuitive tool to assist with repository siting.
Analysis on Privacy and Reliability of Ad Hoc Network-Based in Protecting Agricultural Data
Authors: Liu Xiangju
Published: October 2015

To analyze the privacy and reliability of Ad Hoc Network-based algorithms used in agricultural wireless data
transmission, the paper introduces the routing protocols including DSDV, AODV and DSR, based on which a farmland
model is built to simulate the speed and density of mobile node, and regards the success rate of data transmission (R/S
Rate), average latency of end-to-end (E2E Delay) and average hops as the evaluation indicator of farmland information
transfer system. As a result of the analysis, the privacy and reliability are influenced by the speed and density of mobile
nodes; the higher the speed is and the lower the density is, the lower the R/S Rate is; AODV routing protocol is better in
R/S Rate while DSDV routing protocol does better in both E2E Delay and average hops. It is concluded that DSDV
routing protocol suits most the Ad Hoc network-based farmland information transfer system.
Actuator Fault Detection and Accommodation in Distributed Parameter Systems
Authors: Mu Wenying , Cui Baotong
Published: October 2015

This paper presents a general framework for model-based fault detection and accommodation for a class of distributed
parameter systems with control actuator faults. A set of dedicated observers, each with its own time-varying
threshold is constructed to detect the occurrence of fault in the corresponding actuator and reduce fault detection time.
Additionally, an adaptive diagnostic observer is then designed and analyzed to estimate each individual actuator fault.
Based on the online approximation of fault parameter, automated control reconfiguration architecture has been developed
to accommodate actuator fault and to preserve closed-loop stability. An example has been discussed using the proposed
scheme to demonstrate effectiveness of the method.
Research on Prediction of Rating of Rockburst Based on BP Neural Network
Authors: Xiong Xiaobo
Published: October 2015

With the development of economic construction, underground space development continues to move towards
the deep. "More, long, big, deep," will be the general trend of the development of underground engineering in the 21st
century. Rock burst is a kind of sudden geological disasters with a higher frequency in deep tunnel construction. Rock
burst prediction has very important significance for the construction of underground engineering in highland stress area.
This paper described the mechanism of rockburst. The researchers systematically analyzed relevant factors of rockburst.
In this paper, the principle and application of Back-Propagation (BP) neural network were introduced, and to improve the
algorithm of neural network, the NNT prediction model was set up. The author have taken the seven parameters including
(as input values): Index of brittleness, Ratio of Strength stress, Ratio of maximum stress to minimum stress, Depth of engineering,
Completeness of rockmass, Structural strength, Depth of pit for rock burst. The results of rockburst also proved
the prediction model has high accuracy and stability, indicating that the model has a good prospect in the rock burst forecasting.
Air Flow Simulation and Optimization for Negative Pressure Safflower
Harvesting Device
Authors: Yun Ge , Lixin Zhang , Dandan Han , Haifeng Zeng , Xiang Zhang
Published: October 2015

The safflower collection device is an important service part of safflower harvesting device, the number of the
air outlets and external structure of air collecting hood are the main factors influencing the effect of the flower’s petals
harvesting and collection. However, the design of pneumatic safflower harvest device is based on experience, resulting in
long the design cycle, thus increasing the cost of design. Combined with the advantages of computational fluid dynamics
software FLUENT, and the internal flow field of safflower closed style cover flowers as the research object, this paper
designed gas collecting hood structures with different number of outlets through the analysis of the airflow distribution
and motion law. The result of numerical simulation of gas-collecting hood with trapezoidal cone shows higher air flow
speed with no low velocity zone, and the distribution of flow field of safflower collected cover with trapezoid cone type is
better than that of parabolic type structure. Based on result of simulation, improved the design of the external shape of
flowers cover and designed trapezoid cone type to improve the internal airflow state, thus could achieve the goal of
improving efficiency of picking and collecting and reduce energy consumption.
Forming and Properties of Friction Stir Welding Process for Dissimilar
Mg Alloy
Authors: Li Tielong , Wang Zhenshan
Published: October 2015

For hot extrusions of magnesium alloy sheets, Dissimilar AZ80 and AZ31 were used, in which AZ80 was
placed on advancing side and AZ31 on retreating side, using friction stir butt welding with different process parameters.
Some defect-free welded joints with good weld surfaces could be obtained with some suitable welding conditions. The
maximum tensile strength of welded joint which is 225.5 MPa can reach 98% that of the AZ31 base material. Influence of
process parameters on defects, weld shaping and mechanical property were discussed systematically. And the
microstructure of different zones was compared. The fracture of the welded joints takes place at the junction of
mechanical heat affected zone and nugget zone in AZ31 magnesium alloy set retreating side, since existing difference in
metallographic structure of alloy diversely suffered by heat, pressure and depositing impurities. Fracture initiation site
may be the P line defect which should be eliminated, and the P line defect formation was analyzed.
Radiated Noise Measurement of Ships Based on Stochastic Resonance
Authors: Peng Chao , Sun HaiXin , Cheng En
Published: October 2015

The radiated noise of ships involves strong low-frequency line spectrum, which is greatly related with the
working states of auxiliary equipment and the rotation of propeller, and then regarded as the important basis in feature
extraction of ships. Moreover, the stochastic resonance has special advantages in the extraction of weak signal. Aiming at
the multi-frequency components in radiated noise of the ship with four-blade propeller, and the characteristic without
adiabatic approximation assumption, a sweep-frequency stochastic resonance detection system is established in this paper.
Meanwhile, a kind of detection method on multi-frequency signal with partitioning large parameters is proposed, in order
to identify the components of low-frequency line spectrum in radiated noise of ship. The analysis and simulation results
present that, under the strong noise background, the proposed method can still effectively detect the low-frequency line
spectrum, which lays the solid foundation for the subsequent target recognition and speed estimation of the ship.
A Portable Ankle-Foot Rehabilitation Orthosis Powered by Electric Motor
Authors: Bai Yang , Gao Xueshan , Zhao Jun , Jin Fei , Dai Fuquan , Lv Yunqi
Published: October 2015

Powered ankle-foot orthosis can not only prevent foot-drop and assist patients’ walking but also improve the
ankle joint movement for patients with dysfunction caused by the various injuries and nervous system diseases. Common
ankle rehabilitation devices limit the ankle injury patients’ rehabilitation training within fixed places, so a portable
powered ankle-foot orthosis is presented in this paper to enable the patients to continue their work normally with the
treatment. The orthosis employs electric motor drive mode to provide ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion assistance
during patient’s walking. First, the ankle-foot dynamics model is established and the gait is analyzed for the powered
ankle-foot orthosis system. Then, a new mechanical structure including wearing parts, analogous ankle joint and
transmission is described. For the small installation space between the instep and the knee, the compact transmission
mechanism has been given more attention and the finite element method is adopted to optimize the key structure after the
force analysis. In addition, the closed-loop control system is chosen for the orthosis position and speed control. At last,
wearing and movement experiments on the prototype are carried out, which validates the stability and rationality of the
structure design and the effectiveness of the motion control. It has great significance in promoting patient's rehabilitation
to help them return to the society.
Androgens, Bilateral Oophorectomy, and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Postmenopausal Women With and Without Diabetes: The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures
Authors: Appiah Duke , Winters Stephen J. , Muldoon Susan B. , Hornung Carlton A. , Cauley Jane A.
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE

Diabetes elevates cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk more markedly in women than in men. Because the high risk of CVD among women with type 2 diabetes (DM2) may be partly due to increased ovarian androgen production, we investigated whether a history of bilateral salpingo oophorectomy (BSO) is inversely associated with CVD mortality among women with DM2.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Data were obtained from 7,977 women (a random subset of 564 had measurements of sex-steroid hormones) enrolled in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF), a community-based, multicenter study that monitored women aged ≥65 years for a mean of 15.1 years. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression.

RESULTS

The average age at baseline was 71.5 years, with 6.3% and 18% of participants reporting a history of diabetes or BSO, respectively. In the subset of the SOF cohort with sex-steroid hormone measurements, those with DM2 had 43.6% significantly higher levels of free testosterone that were partly explained by age and adiposity, whereas total and free testosterone levels were lower in women with BSO than in those with intact ovaries. CVD mortality was elevated in women with DM2 without BSO (HR 1.95, 95% CI 1.62–2.35) as well as in women with DM2 and BSO (HR 2.56, 95% CI 1.79–3.65; P = 0.190 for interaction). Overall, BSO was not associated with CVD mortality (HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.89–1.23).

CONCLUSIONS

The association of diabetes with CVD was not reduced by BSO, suggesting that ovarian hyperandrogenemia may not be a primary mechanism to explain the high risk for CVD among women with DM2.
Proinflammatory cytokine responses of cultured equine keratinocytes to bacterial pathogen‐associated molecular pattern motifs
Authors: LEISE B. S. , YIN C. , PETTIGREW A. , BELKNAP J. K.
Published: October 2015

Reasons for performing study: Further knowledge of equine keratinocyte physiology and keratinocyte response to various stimuli is important in developing a better understanding of disease states involving the epidermis.

Objectives: To assess the inflammatory cytokine response of cultured equine keratinocytes to various pathogen‐associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs) from both Gram‐negative and positive bacteria likely to be present in equine sepsis.

Methods: Keratinocytes were isolated from skin of 2 horses and primary cultures performed. Keratinocytes were harvested for RNA extraction after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), peptidoglycan (PGN), bacterial DNA (CpG), flagellin or maintained in medium (controls) for 4 or 24 h. Real time‐quantitative PCR was used to quantify interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and CXCL8 mRNA concentrations.

Results: Increases (P<0.05) in IL‐1β, IL‐6 and CXCL8 mRNA concentrations were induced by LPS exposure compared to controls. Increased mRNA concentrations of both IL‐6 and CXCL8 were also noted (vs. controls) upon exposure to flagellin. Overall, responses were greater at 4 h. No increases (P>0.05) in cytokine expression by keratinocytes were present after LTA, PGN or CpG exposure.

Conclusions: Increased proinflammatory cytokine expression in response to LPS and flagellin indicate that equine keratinocytes have functional TLR4 and TLR5 receptor signalling. However, the lack of keratinocyte stimulation by PGN, LTA or CpG provides no evidence for functional TLR2, TLR9 or NOD receptor signalling. These results suggest that equine keratinocytes are more responsive to PAMPs usually associated with Gram‐negative sepsis and unresponsive to PAMPs most commonly associated with Gram‐positive sepsis.

Potential relevance: The increased incidence of injury of epidermal structures in clinical cases of Gram‐negative (vs. Gram‐positive) sepsis in the horse may be due to a lack of functional TLR signalling for Gram‐positive PAMPs in the equine keratinocyte.
Design of Traffic Signal Clearance Intervals to Consider Impacts of Buses
Authors: Ong Boon Teck , Rakha Hesham A. , El-Shawarby Ihab
Published: October 2015

Traffic signal design procedures use only light-duty vehicles in the design of yellow and clearance intervals. For quantification of the impact of buses on yellow and clearance times, a controlled field experiment was conducted. In the study, 864 stop and run records were collected for a 56 km/h (35 mph) approach speed; participant bus drivers encountered a yellow indication initiation at different distances from the intersection. Participant drivers were selected randomly from three age groups (i.e., younger than 40 years old, 40 to 64 years old, and 65 years or older), and an equal number of male and female participants was included in each age group. Data collected were used to generate two linear mixed models: one for bus driver perception–reaction times and one for deceleration levels. Both models considered roadway surface and environmental parameters, driver attributes (i.e., age and gender), roadway grade, approaching speed, and time and distance to the intersection at the onset of yellow. The proposed models were used to perform a Monte Carlo simulation to generate yellow timing and all-red durations. Lookup tables were generated for the proposed yellow timing duration for different approach speeds, roadway grades, confidence intervals, precipitation, and percentage of buses in the traffic stream to provide practical guidelines for the design of traffic signal clearance times.
Countdown Pedestrian Signals and Low-Vision Pedestrians
Authors: DeLaere Gregory , Van Houten Ron , Morgan Justin F. , Shurbutt Jim
Published: October 2015

The countdown pedestrian signal (CPS) has been shown to be more intuitively understandable than other signals in the way that it communicates the amount of available crossing time at an intersection. The improved comprehension may result in better levels of service to pedestrians at signalized intersections. Survey research has shown that the traditional flashing don't walk (FDW) signal is poorly understood, with low levels of pedestrian comprehension. By contrast, comprehension of the CPS tends to be much higher: between 86% and 100%. The study reported here examined how well low-vision pedestrians could determine how to respond and when to cross with the use of a CPS alone and with a combination of CPS and FDW at 12-m (40-ft) and 30.5-m (100-ft) crossings. The results showed that low-vision pedestrians often found it difficult to determine the signal phase at a relatively broad crossing, but the removal of the FDW from the display had no negative impact on the decision to cross during the pedestrian clearance phase.
Biomechanics of a flexible sublaminar connector in long-segment thoracic fixation
Authors: Rodriguez-Martinez Nestor G. , Safavi-Abbasi Sam , Perez-Orribo Luis , Newcomb Anna G. U. S. , Reyes Phillip M. , Loughran Galyna , Theodore Nicholas , Crawford Neil R.
Published: October 2015

OBJECT

The Universal Clamp Spinal Fixation System (UC) is a novel sublaminar connection for the spine that is currently used in conjunction with pedicle screws at the thoracic levels for the correction of scoliosis. This device allows the surgeon to attach rods and incorporate a pedicle screw construction. The flexible composition of the UC should provide flexibility intermediate to the uninstrumented spine and an all-screw construct. This hypothesis was tested in vitro using nondestructive flexibility testing of human cadaveric spine segments.

METHODS

Six unembalmed human cadaveric thoracic spine segments from T-3 to T-11 were used. The specimens were tested under the following conditions: 1) intact; 2) after bilateral screws were placed at T4-T10 and interconnected with longitudinal rods; 3) after placement of a hybrid construction with screws at T-4, T-7, and T-10 with an interconnecting rod on one side and screws at T-4 and T-10 with the UC at T5–9 on the contralateral side; (4) after bilateral screws were placed at T-4 and T-10 and interconnected with rods and bilateral UC were placed at T5–9; and 5) after bilateral screws at T-4 and T-10 were placed and interconnected with rods and bilateral sublaminar cables were placed at T5–9. Pure moments of 6.0 Nm were applied while optoelectronically recording 3D angular motion.

RESULTS

Bilateral UC placement and bilateral sublaminar cables both resulted in a significantly greater range of motion than bilateral pedicle screws during lateral bending and axial rotation, but not during flexion or extension. There were no differences in stability between bilateral UC and bilateral cables. The construct with limited screws on one side and UC contralaterally showed comparable stability to bilateral UC and bilateral cables.

CONCLUSIONS

These results support using the UC as a therapeutic option for spinal stabilization because it allows comparable stability to the sublaminar cables and provides flexibility intermediate to that of the uninstrumented spine and an all-screw construct. Equivalent stability of the hybrid, bilateral UC, and bilateral cable constructs indicates that 6-level UC provides stability comparable to that of a limited (3-point) pedicle screw-rod construct.
Towards a Definition of the ‘long modernist novel’
Authors: Bell Michael
Published: October 2015

This paper considers a number of long fictions from the modernist period to see how far their length serves specifically modernist concerns, especially temporality and history. Various extended narratives suit modernist aesthetic mythopoeia for which Nietzsche's essay on The Advantages and Disadvantages of History for Life provides a philosophical articulation. Joyce's Ulysses, Proust's A la recherche, and Mann's Joseph and his Brothers (along with Lawrence's The Rainbow and Women in Love) are the principal works compared and contrasted. But there are authors who stand apart from these encompassing, if not to say masterful, mythopoeic visions. Musil's unfinished Man without Qualities resists the modes of resolution which in several of the former instances have a strongly masculinist inflection. So too, to a significant extent, does Lawrence with his strongly feminine sensibility. Above all, Virginia Woolf and Dorothy Richardson, while engaging with similar concerns, constitute a critical outside to the mythopoeic grouping.
Early Hominid Remains from Hayonim Cave (Israel) in the Context of the Late Middle and Upper Pleistocene record from the Near East
Authors: Tillier Anne-marie , Arensburg Baruch , Belfer-Cohen Anna , Vandermeersch Bernard
Published: October 2015

Beginning with the early Pleistocene site of Ubeidiya, the Near East is an intercontinental crossroads, and a region of Pleistocene migration routes spanning Africa, Asia and Europe. A large number of Late Pleistocene hominids were discovered in Syria, Iraq and Israel. This anthropological documentation, circumscribed chronologically, raises several questions concerning the biological diversity of the hominids associated with Mousterian lithic artefacts, and strengthens the existence of regional population variation. The Near Eastern fossil sample is, indeed, not homogenous and includes, among others, early anatomically modern humans recovered from the sites of Skhul and Qafzeh Caves, dated between 130 and 92 ka BP. Excavations in the Hayonim Cave (Israel) have provided human remains that are pertinent to our understanding of Near East biological diversity. Indeed, biostratigraphic analysis and chronometric dating (Thermoluminescence and ESR/ U series analyses) of the stratifi ed deposits imply that the Mousterian sequence ranges from at least 220 ka to about 115 ka BP, and encompassed MIS7-6 and 5. Thus, the Hayonim human remains present the best evidence of early Mousterian inhabitants in Western Galilee, and their analysis represents a source of information on the biology and behaviour of hunter-gatherers prior to the Skhul and Qafzeh toolmakers.
Metallurgical sites of South Sinai (Egypt) in the Pharaonic Era: New Discoveries
Authors: Tallet Pierre , Castel Georges , Fluzin Philippe
Published: October 2015

Depuis 2006, une mission conjointe de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale et de l’Université de Paris Sorbonne (Paris IV) étudie une région bien délimitée, au sud-ouest de la péninsule du Sinaï, qui a été intensément exploitée pour ses ressources en cuivre par les Égyptiens, et ce dès les périodes les plus anciennes de l’histoire pharaonique. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, les vestiges de très nombreux ateliers métallurgiques de différentes époques ont été relevés. L’objectif de cette étude est de présenter les deux découvertes les plus significatives qui ont été faites dans ce domaine. À l’ouest du Wadi Nasb, la découverte d’une batterie de fours intacte, qui avait été abandonnée dans l’Antiquité avant sa mise en service, a permis de faire des observations précises sur les fours de réduction du minerai de cuivre, leur technique de construction, leur système de ventilation et de maintien de la charge. Des reproductions de ces fours ont pu être réalisées ensuite et mises en service pour mettre en évidence les principales caractéristiques de leur fonctionnement. Un second site, au lieu-dit Seh Nasb, donne quant à lui une information capitale sur l’importance de cette zone minière sous l’Ancien Empire. À cet endroit, l’installation massive d’un ensemble de 27 batteries de fours, sur une longueur cumulée de près de 1 km, et comportant un ensemble d’au moins 3 000 unités de réduction, renvoie une image quasi industrielle de l’exploitation ancienne du cuivre dans cette région.
Religion and the Revolution: The Legacy of Jacques Cauvin
Authors: Zeder Melinda A.
Published: October 2015

Dix ans après son décès, le modèle révolutionnaire de Jacques Cauvin relatif à l’émergence du Néolithique au Proche-Orient continue de focaliser le débat sur les origines de cette période de transition majeure. Sa vision radicale du pouvoir des symboles et du rôle de la religion dans la domestication des plantes et des animaux et dans l’origine de l’agriculture était celle d’un rejet des théories socio-écologiques qui prévalaient à l’époque. Même s’il n’était pas seul à souligner les forces intérieures qui ont façonné cette phase de transition, il était profondément hostile aux modèles alternatifs qui représentaient le changement climatique ou la pression démographique comme les facteurs majeurs de cette période révolutionnaire de changement culturel. Dans la décennie qui a suivi la sortie de la version anglaise de son oeuvre maîtresse, The Birth of the Gods and the Origins of Agriculture, des données empiriques très fi nes se sont accumulées de façon exponentielle, qui rendent compte de la transition entre cueillette et agriculture dans le Proche-Orient. Ce travail a montré que le changement morphologique des plantes et des animaux ne pouvait plus être utilisé comme marqueur de la transition entre sauvage et domestique et que l’agriculture n’est pas apparue dans un seul secteur d’où elle se serait répandue ; les paramètres spatio-temporels de l’émergence du Néolithique du Proche-Orient sont bien plus larges et multiples qu’on n’aurait pu imaginer il y a seulement dix ans. Devant ces avancées, il est difficile de soutenir un modèle unique avec un moteur unique pour rendre compte de cette transition. Un modèle plus synthétique est proposé, qui, au niveau général, reconnaît la pluralité des facteurs à la fois sociaux et économiques, aussi bien que les forces plus limitées qui, à un niveau local, ont accompagné la transition dans cette région centrale.
À l’aube du Néolithique : évolution ou révolution des symboles ?
Authors: Perlès Catherine
Published: October 2015

The “ revolution of symbols” that Jacques Cauvin perceived in the Khiamian may largely be a consequence of the paucity of symbolic expressions in the Kebaran and the Natufian, ornaments excepted. However, the cave art of Western Europe, contemporaneous with the Kebaran and Natufian, offers rich possibilities to compare the structure of Palaeolithic and PPNA/ Early PPNB symbolic expressions. The importance of the common features, both in what is depicted and what is excluded, suggests a definite continuity in symbolic thought. However, an evolution – rather than a revolution – is also clearly perceptible, in particular with the emergence of verticality. The latter can be seen as a parallel to a social reorganization based on lineages and on an emphasis on descent, deriving from sedentism.
La « Révolution des symboles » de Jacques Cauvin revisitée
Authors: Guilaine Jean
Published: October 2015

Some of J. Cauvin’s arguments in his «Naissance des divinités, Naissance de l’agriculture » are looked over to compare them with recent researches. The author rather sees in the beginnings of the Neolithic a social choice secondarily associated with a symbolic iconography adjusted to new challenges. More generally speaking, it is not possible to assert that the Near-eastern model of Neolithisation – being the earlier one nowadays established – has an universal value. A brief comparison with other general cradles of the Neolithic seems to show that it is not possible to trace the stages of their emergence on those known in the Levant area. The exodus to Cyprus, besides being early as it is now well established, shows very soon cultural similarities with the Continent. Finally, the role of the climate in the spread of the Neolithic in Europe is discussed.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for Jasminum sambac (Oleaceae) using Illumina shotgun sequencing
Authors: Li Yong , Zhang Weirui
Published: October 2015

Premise of the study:

Microsatellite markers of Jasminum sambac (Oleaceae) were isolated to investigate wild germplasm resources and provide markers for breeding.

Methods and Results:

Illumina sequencing was used to isolate microsatellite markers from the transcriptome of J. sambac. A total of 1322 microsatellites were identified from 49,772 assembled unigenes. One hundred primer pairs were randomly selected to verify primer amplification efficiency. Out of these tested primer pairs, 31 were successfully amplified: 18 primer pairs yielded a single allele, seven exhibited fixed heterozygosity with two alleles, and only six displayed polymorphisms.

Conclusions:

This study obtained the first set of microsatellite markers for J. sambac, which will be helpful for the assessment of wild germplasm resources and the development of molecular marker–assisted breeding.
Les précarités sont-elles à l’essence des sujets souffrants ?
Authors: Gansel Yannis , Petrouchine Roman
Published: October 2015

La catégorie clinique des adolescents difficiles se définit par des comportements violents et transgressifs, par la notion de carence familiale et par le malaise engendré chez les professionnels. Elle sert à désigner une population marginale des institutions. Depuis la fin des années 1990, elle fait l’objet d’une activité éditoriale, du développement de réseaux professionnels, de formations académiques et d’élaborations de politiques publiques. Or, en procédant par une essentialisation méthodologique, les savoirs cliniques ne rendent pas visibles les rapports sociaux, les jugements moraux et les conditions politiques construisant cette marge.
De la précarité psychique au bouc émissaire : le groupe thérapeutique
Authors: Aupetit Damien , Sanchez Marjorie
Published: October 2015

Le sujet en souffrance dans une précarité psychique où le lien est fragilisé, attaqué, voire carencé, peut se retrouver exclu, en marge. Dans la clinique des enfants et des adolescents que nous recevons, cette question de l’exclusion se donne à voir notamment au sein de l’école. Nous explorerons alors la dynamique du groupe thérapeutique qui peut permettre à l’exclu de retisser des modalités de liens différents, en quittant progressivement la figure du bouc émissaire pour être inclus au sein du groupe et, par extension, moins en marge des autres groupes.
Enjeux de l’intervention du juge des enfants dans les situations de précarité
Authors: Rinaldis Christina
Published: October 2015

La précarité n’entraîne pas automatiquement une défaillance de l’adulte dans l’exercice de l’autorité parentale. Elle peut le fragiliser, le rendre plus vulnérable sans pour autant remettre en cause la qualité de la relation à l’enfant. La protection de l’enfance est un domaine de coopération entre différents professionnels, ce qui en fait sa force et sa fragilité. La précarité suscite souvent chez les professionnels des inquiétudes ou des angoisses qui renforcent le sentiment d’insécurité et le doute chez les parents. Le soutien imposé parfois par l’autorité judiciaire a vocation à rassurer les parents quant à leur légitimité et leur rôle éducatif. L’accompagnement éducatif décidé par l’autorité judiciaire reste la seule garantie à ce jour de reconnaître les parents en tant que titulaires de droits et de permettre de réaffirmer ces derniers dans l’exercice de leurs droits. Les mesures d’aide à la gestion du budget familial peuvent être une réponse adaptée pour ces familles.
Manager : Un métier en mutation ? Essai de lecture rétro-prospective pour dessiner les contours du métier de manager et les accompagnements RH nécessaires
Authors: Payre Sébastien , Scouarnec Aline
Published: October 2015

Les pratiques d’encadrement font l’objet de nombreuses critiques mais aussi de propositions pour mettre en œuvre de « nouveaux » modèles dans les entreprises. Une revue rétrospective de la littérature nous permettra de questionner les évolutions du métier de manager. Par la suite, nous mobiliserons une recherche-action réalisée pour la branche professionnelle de la communication publicitaire afin de dessiner les contours possibles du métier de manager demain et les nécessaires accompagnements RH qui en découlent.
Aux limites de l'Histoire. Le grand genre à l'épreuve des règles de l'art
Authors: Caviglia Susanna
Published: October 2015

Sous le règne de Louis XV, les peintres d'histoire élaborent un art fondé sur une réinterprétation des principes académiques (de l'idée poussinesque de nouveauté à la valorisation de la figure humaine). Cette peinture aboutit pourtant à des modalités expressives et de représentation qui bouleversent l'ensemble des règles fondatrices du grand genre – sa forme (narrative), sa fonction (morale), ses conventions (décorum et vraisemblance). La peinture d'histoire devient non narrative, plaisante et emprunte le vocabulaire d'autres genres artistiques. Le nouvel idéal artistique qui émerge dans la décennie 1780 en réponse à la dénonciation de la crise du grand genre dans sa formulation traditionnelle, apparaît étonnement ancré dans l'esthétique du règne de Louis XV qu'il visait à suppléer.
Faire l'histoire ou la peindre (1861-1898)
Authors: Sérié Pierre
Published: October 2015

Le paradigme autour duquel s'organise la modernité est celui d'un questionnement interne au médium, questionnement auquel l'artiste tend à circonscrire son propos. Cette définition autoréférentielle de la peinture énoncée par Courbet et Manet exclut par principe les peintres d'histoire de l'histoire de la peinture. C'est seulement du côté de l'arrière-garde (Gérôme) ou d'acteurs dont l'historiographie n'a pendant longtemps guère su quoi penser (Moreau) que l'histoire a encore pu être peinte. Misant tout sur le sujet, Gérôme invente des images d'une grande modernité, mais absolument anti-picturales en termes d'exécution. Par contraste, Moreau cherche à réconcilier le penseur et l'ouvrier. Dans tous les cas, l'impossibilité, pour tous ces artistes, de dépasser le dualisme forme/fond hérité d'Aristote leur interdit de réinscrire durablement l'histoire au cœur de la pratique picturale.
Babylaune, un lieu pour les bébés et leur corps
Authors: Benoit Laurie
Published: October 2015

Babylaune, crèche d’application. Présentation d’une structure qui développe une réflexion autour du corps de bébé s’inscrivant dans une démarche développement durable innovante. Du cheminement à la réalisation, des plans d’architecte à l’accueil, comment une approche globale permet d’ajuster dans le détail un lieu qui se veut d’expériences, ayant pour aspiration la transmission à de futurs professionnels d’une dynamique réactive et évolutive.
Chut ! Bébé dort en corps…
Authors: Pinelli Anna
Published: October 2015

Aujourd’hui, nul doute, le bébé a gagné un statut de personne. Mais attention, juste le statut, car la réalité en est encore un peu éloignée. Une personne, c’est quelqu’un qui se sent bien dans son corps pour être bien dans sa tête. Grâce à Françoise Dolto, nous nous intéressons tous à ce qui se passe dans la tête du bébé, et c’est tant mieux. Simplement, en cours de route, on a laissé de côté notre intérêt pour les fondamentaux pourtant indispensables au bon fonctionnement de son corps. Il est temps maintenant de réconcilier les deux, bien soigner le corps afin qu’il puisse abriter une belle personne.
La puissance fragile du corps : naissance et vulnérabilité
Authors: Pierron Jean-Philippe
Published: October 2015

Comment parler du corps d’un bébé ? Répondre à une telle question nous révèle à la fois démunis et encombrés. Démunis parce qu’à chaque fois, à chaque naissance, une venue au monde est une survenue qui nous déroute et nous vulnérabilise. Lorsque vient au jour le petit humain, il mobilise dans sa fragilité toute l’énergie prometteuse d’un monde en ses puissances. Mais nous sommes tout autant encombrés et instruits par toute la culture qui parle ce corps, l’informe et l’investit. Elle cultive l’apparition du bébé pour l’installer dans un réseau de rituels, de concepts, de symbolisations qui apprivoisent, acclimatent son étrangeté. Plus particulièrement, dans notre culture, la méditation sur le corps du bébé a connu sa thématisation théologique et esthétique avec le thème de la Nativité.
« Toucher » au langage du corps
Authors: Israël Jacky
Published: October 2015

La sensorialité du bébé lui permet de ressentir du plaisir ou non, et de mémoriser les sensations répétitives. Les éprouvés s’expriment par les mouvements du corps, les mimiques et les cris. Les symptômes sont la résultante de mouvements intérieurs, ils sont souvent fonctionnels et banals. Le reflux gastro-œsophagien des bébés « agités » illustre le fonctionnement psychosomatique du bébé. Il faut initier les parents au langage du corps et décrypter les symptômes. En touchant le bébé, en établissant une alliance thérapeutique, le pédiatre lui permet de s’exprimer autrement et de rassurer ses parents.
Se sentir entouré
Authors: Mugnier Sylvie
Published: October 2015

Pour le très jeune enfant qui vit une situation de séparation, les soins de maternage sont pensés pour lui apporter un bien-être corporel et une rencontre intime avec un adulte attentif. Pour la professionnelle en pouponnière, la connaissance du bébé alimente son intérêt à le soigner. L’observation partagée soutient la compréhension et la cohésion de l’équipe autour du bébé.