bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the bullshitisation of mental health nursing: A reluctant work rant
Authors: McKeown Mick
Published: August 2023

This discussion paper offers a critical provocation to my mental health nursing colleagues. Drawing upon David Graeber's account of bullshit work, work that is increasingly meaningless for workers, I pose the question: Is mental health nursing a bullshit job? Ever‐increasing time spent on record keeping as opposed to direct care appears to represent a Graeberian bullshitisation of mental health nurses' work. In addition, core aspects of the role are not immune from bullshit. Professional rhetoric would have us believe that mental health nursing is a therapeutically beneficent occupation organised around ideals of care and compassion and providing fulfilling work for practitioners. Yet, there are some key characteristics of the experience of mental health nursing work that afford alternative judgements on its value and meaningfulness. Not least of these is the fact that many mental health nurses feel quite existentially unsettled in the practise of their work and many service users do not recognise the professional ideal, especially when compelled into increasingly coercive and restrictive services. In this context, Graeber's thesis is explored for its applicability to mental health nursing with a conclusion that many aspects of mental health nursing work are commensurate with bullshit but that mental health care can possibly be redeemed from bullshitisation by authentically democratising reforms. Engaging with posthumanist ideas, this exploration involves a flexing of aspects of Graeber's theory.
Vastus Lateralis and Vastus Intermedius Myocutaneous Flap Reconstruction for Complicated Trochanteric and Ischial Pressure Sores with Extended Girdlestone Resection: A Case Series
Authors: Ryoo Hyun Jung , Park Ji Hwan , Kim Dong Yeon
Published: August 2023

Objective

Most paraplegic patients with complicated trochanter sores or ischial sores present with lower limb muscle atrophy. Therefore, in patients who have undergone Girdlestone arthroplasty, filling the dead space and replacing the volume defect through an appropriate surgical technique is extremely challenging. This study presents a case series of vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius myocutaneous flap reconstruction after extended proximal femoral osteotomy in paraplegic patients. The aim of study is to investigate (i) whether sufficient volume replacement was achieved, (ii) whether muscle volume was maintained during long‐term follow‐up, and (iii) the presence of donor site morbidity.

Method

A retrospective review was conducted with eight patients who underwent this method from March 2017 to December 2021. A total of nine flaps was elevated, and the defect was successfully reconstructed without dead space. Computed tomography was performed to identify the changes in thickness and volume of the muscle portion. The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was performed to assess the significance of the differences in muscle thickness between pre‐ and post‐measurements.

Results

After surgery, all patients healed within 1 month; three patients experienced minor complications. The average follow‐up period was 14.5 months, during which only one patient with an ischial pressure ulcer developed wound disruption and recurrence. The average thickness of the rotated muscle was 51.95 mm at 2 to 4 weeks postoperatively and 53.07 mm at 6 months postoperatively (𝑝 = 0.071).

Conclusion

All nine cases healed well without major complications. When comparing the volume of the rotated muscle on radiological examinations before and after surgery, no significant differences were observed. Our modified Girdlestone resection technique provides a simple and reliable method for reconstructing complex trochanteric or ischial sores in paraplegic patients. It ensures anatomical consistency, ample volume, and structural stability by leaving the rectus femoris (RF) in place. Careful tension management is required when using this flap in the ischial area.
The Specific Anatomical Morphology of Lateral Ankle Ligament: Qualitative and Quantitative Cadaveric based Study
Authors: Inchai Chirapat , Vaseenon Tanawat , Tanaka Yasuhito , Mahakkanukrauh Pasuk
Published: August 2023

Objective

The accurate understanding in morphological features of the lateral ankle ligaments is necessary for the diagnosis and management of ankle instability and other ankle problems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anatomical morphology and the attachment areas of lateral ligament complex of ankle joint based on the cadaveric study.

Methods

Fifty‐four fresh frozen cadaveric ankles were dissected to evaluate the lateral ankle ligaments. Each ligament was separated into two or three small bundles. In the investigated footprint areas, acrylic colors were used as a marker point to locate specific areas of ligament bundle attached to the bone. The Image J software was used to measure and analyze the sizes of the specific footprint areas to achieve descriptive statistical analysis.

Results

The double bands of anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) were found as a major type in the present study with 57.41% (31 of 54 ankles) while the single band of ATFL was observed in 42.59% (23 of 54 ankles). The attachment sizes of the ATFL, posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) were evaluated into two areas; proximal and distal attachments. The average of proximal or fibular part of ATFL, PTFL and CFL were 85.06, 134.27, 93.91 mm2 respectively. The average of distal part of ATFL, PTFL and CFL were 100.07, 277.61, 249.39 mm2 respectively.

Conclusion

Considering the lateral ankle ligament repaired or reconstruction especially using arthroscopy, the precise understanding in specific detail of the lateral ankle ligament may help both diagnose and select the appropriate treatment for solving the ankle problems. These observations may help the surgeon to perform the surgical procedure for determining the appropriate techniques and avoid complication to patients.
NACs, generalist in plant life
Authors: Han Kunjin , Zhao Ye , Sun Yuhan , Li Yun
Published: August 2023

Plant‐specific NAC proteins constitute a major transcription factor family that is well‐known for its roles in plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In recent years, there has been significant progress in understanding the functions of NAC proteins. NAC proteins have a highly conserved DNA‐binding domain; however, their functions are diverse. Previous understanding of the structure of NAC transcription factors can be used as the basis for their functional diversity. NAC transcription factors consist of a target‐binding domain at the N‐terminus and a highly versatile C‐terminal domain that interacts with other proteins. A growing body of research on NAC transcription factors helps us comprehend the intricate signalling network and transcriptional reprogramming facilitated by NAC‐mediated complexes. However, most studies of NAC proteins have been limited to a single function. Here, we discuss the upstream regulators, regulatory components and targets of NAC in the context of their prospective roles in plant improvement strategies via biotechnology intervention, highlighting the importance of the NAC transcription factor family in plants and the need for further research.
Leptomeningeal disease in melanoma: An update on the developments in pathophysiology and clinical care
Authors: Smalley Inna , Boire Adrienne , Brastianos Priscilla , Kluger Harriet M. , Hernando‐Monge Eva , Forsyth Peter A. , Ahmed Kamran A. , Smalley Keiran S. M. , Ferguson Sherise , Davies Michael A. , Glitza Oliva Isabella C.
Published: August 2023

Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) remains a major challenge in the clinical management of metastatic melanoma patients. Outcomes for patient remain poor, and patients with LMD continue to be excluded from almost all clinical trials. However, recent trials have demonstrated the feasibility of conducting prospective clinical trials in these patients. Further, new insights into the pathophysiology of LMD are identifying rational new therapeutic strategies. Here we present recent advances in the understanding of, and treatment options for, LMD from metastatic melanoma. We also annotate key areas of future focus to accelerate progress for this challenging but emerging field.
Animal selfhood and affectivity in Helmuth Plessner's philosophical biology
Authors: Dornbach Márton
Published: August 2023

Helmuth Plessner's philosophical anthropology is undergirded by a comprehensive theory of living nature. Central to this philosophical biology is the claim that animals lack self‐consciousness but their awareness of their surroundings is nevertheless anchored in a self. Since Plessner does not explain how this unselfconscious self is manifest to the animal, the warrant for his claim remains unclear. Following Plessner's construal of human existence as a radically transformed variant of animal life, I argue that he leaves animals' selfhood unaccounted for because he overlooks the animal precursor of the feeling of pleasure and displeasure, which affords a pre‐reflective self‐awareness. I fill this lacuna by drawing on Kant's and Plessner's theories of human feelings, Hans Jonas's conception of animal emotion, and recent arguments that make evaluative affects fundamental to animal consciousness. Revised along these lines, Plessner's framework allows us to specify how animal affectivity is transformed in self‐conscious human life.
Psychological responses to jihadist terrorism: Exploring a small but significant opinion shift towards minority inclusion among French citizens in response to the Charlie Hebdo terrorist attacks
Authors: Lueders Adrian , Wollast Robin , Nugier Armelle , Guimond Serge
Published: August 2023

Experiences with jihadist terrorism sparked debates about the boundaries of religious expression within secular societies. Standpoints majority members hold in such discussions may be inclusive or exclusive towards religious minorities and inform wider intergroup perceptions. The present research explores these relationships in the context of the 2015 Charlie Hebdo terrorist attacks in Paris, France. Using longitudinal data from a diverse French sample (N = 558) collected before and after the attacks, we test whether within‐person changes in exclusionary and inclusionary interpretations of the French Laïcité principle can account for changes in public perceptions of context‐relevant minorities. Meta‐analytical findings suggest a small significant conservative shift after experiences with terrorism. Previous research conducted in the context of the Charlie Hebdo terrorist attacks departed from this pattern, however, without identifying underlying psychological mechanisms. Accordingly, the present data suggests a small but significant opinion shift in favor of context‐relevant minorities. This shifting was partially explained through an increased endorsement of an inclusionary interpretation of the Laïcité principle that stresses the freedom of religious expression. We offer a contextualized interpretation of our data, suggesting that the collective coping dynamics that followed the events (i.e., republican marches, #JeSuisCharlie) have been critical for the observed effects.
The role of mindfulness and compassion in early adults' subsequent mental health, coping and compliance with health guidelines during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Van Doren Natalia , Mahlobo Christa T. , Galla Brian M. , Colaianne Blake A. , Hirshberg Matthew J. , Inkelas Karen Kurotsuchi , Roeser Robert W.
Published: August 2023

The present study explored prospective links between trait mindfulness and compassion on subsequent coping and compliance with Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines and indirect effects via well‐being and internalized distress during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The study included N = 736 US college students who participated in a three‐wave longitudinal study across a single academic year. The first two assessment waves took place in 2018 and 2019, respectively, while the third wave took place in May 2020 during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants completed self‐report measures of trait mindfulness, compassion, well‐being, internalized distress, coping, and compliance with CDC health guidelines. Results of a series of autoregressive, cross‐lagged panel models revealed that trait mindfulness was associated with better coping via indirect effects of greater well‐being and lower internalized distress. Greater compassion was linked with greater adherence to CDC guidelines. Findings suggest that trait mindfulness and compassion may play a role in college students' coping and compliance during the pandemic.
Connections between cohesion and properties that related to safety and effectiveness of the hyaluronic acid dermal fillers: A comparative study of the cohesive and non‐cohesive gels
Authors: Wang Xiaotong , Xi Hongwei , Wei Changzheng
Published: August 2023

Background

Although the importance of the cohesion of a hyaluronic acid (HA) filler has been recognized, the relationship between the cohesion and the other performance that related to safety and effectiveness, as well as the underlying mechanism is barely studied. Much efforts need to be made on this subject to provide guidance for clinical practice.

Materials and methods

Two types of the HA fillers (cohesive and particulate gels) were selected for the comparison of the cohesion and the other key physicochemical properties.

Results

Hyalumatrix, with significantly higher cohesion, was homogeneously smooth and showed a linearly oriented morphology, whereas Matrifill and Restylane were particulate and showed obvious boundaries between particles. The high cohesion of Hyalumatrix is beneficial to the properties that related to safety and effectiveness, including recovery under shear stress, injectability, tissue integration and in vitro resistance to enzymolysis. The underlying reason was that the strong internal interactions of the cohesive gel protect the network structure from collapse and keep the gel as an intact whole when the gel was subjected to the stress. The homogeneously smooth morphology further improved the tissue compliance and injectability. The G′ of Hyalumatrix is in the middle level of the commercially available HA fillers.

Conclusion

Hyalumatrix is a rare HA filler product to possess good cohesion and intermediate G′ simultaneously. More clinical practice is needed to verify the connection between the cohesion of Hyalumatrix and the clinical performance.
Are images worth a thousand words? A preliminary study testing a video for owner education in canine atopic dermatitis
Authors: Fernandes Beatriz , Cavaco Afonso , Pinto Marta , Bizarro Ana Filipa , Pereira Hugo , Lourenço Ana Mafalda
Published: August 2023

Background

Successful management of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is challenging and effective pet owner education is crucial to successful outcomes. However, there are limited proven educational strategies in this area. Our goal was to create an effective and engaging educational tool for owners of dogs with cAD.

Hypothesis

Video‐based education efficacy would be comparable to traditional verbal delivery. Secondary objectives included assessing client perception of the intervention, and determining if there were clinical benefits for the dogs and improved client adherence to treatment.

Subjects

Twenty‐nine dogs with cAD and their owners were recruited from a teaching hospital of a European veterinary medicine faculty.

Materials and Methods

In this 8 week, prospective, randomised controlled study, clients in the control group (CG, n = 13) received verbal education and those in the intervention group (IG, n = 16) watched a video. Client knowledge was assessed at Day (D)0 and D56. Treatment adherence and perceived utility and appeal ratings were measured at D56. Clinical progress was assessed at D0 and D56 using CADESI‐04 and PVAS10.

Results

The differences found in the means of cAD knowledge score, clinical outcomes, utility and appeal ratings and owners' adherence score between groups were not statistically significant. A significant association between the outcome and the intervention group concerning education success [CG, six of 13 (46.15%); IG, 15 of 16 (93.75%)] was found (p = 0.01).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Video‐based instructions positively impacted owners' education and demonstrated their potential as a valuable tool. The authors believe that video‐based education could be a time‐efficient alternative for initial cAD education in veterinary clinics.
Validation of a human paper‐based blood typing method for use in pet pigs
Authors: Hampton Chiara E. , Zhu Xiaojuan , Giori Luca
Published: August 2023

Background

Evidence‐based medical practices for pet pigs are needed. EldonCard is a human blood‐typing card shown to be rapid and reliable in identifying blood phenotypes of pet pigs. The objective of this study was to validate EldonCard by determining its reliability, reproducibility, and robustness for its routine use in the clinical setting.

Key Findings

Twenty‐four venous blood samples from pet pigs were collected for a prospective in vitro study. Blood genotypes (“EAAA0” and “EAA00”) were identified in 15 samples via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All samples were phenotyped (“A,” “Aweak,” and “0” or “–”) via EldonCard. Kappa (κ) statistics measured the level of agreement between 2 raters, and between EldonCard and PCR. McNemar's test determined if an association between the blood types and EldonCard or PCR exists, with significance at P < 0.05. Agreement between raters and methods was perfect (60/60 [100%], κ:1, P < 0.001; 15/15 [100%], κ:1, P < 0.001). There was no difference in the proportions of blood groups based on method.

Significance

In conjunction with previous data, EldonCard is a rapid, accurate, reliable, precise, and robust in‐clinic blood‐typing method for the A0 system of pet pigs. EldonCard is now a validated blood‐typing tool for the A0 system of pet pigs and maybe used for pretransfusion screenings and identification of donors and recipients.
Innovation Capacity in Courts: A Theoretical Framework and Research Agenda
Authors: Oliveira Leonardo Ferreira , Guimaraes Tomas Aquino
Published: August 2023

Innovation in the public sector is a subject that has attracted increasing interest of public managers, policymakers, and scholars, encompassing a possible response to the complex and uncertain context experienced by governments worldwide. In the same way, the search for efficiency and effectiveness has driven the development and adoption of innovations in courts given the influence that these institutions have on the social and economic development of countries. In this sense, understanding what influences the innovation capacity in courts is an important topic for investigation. This paper contributes to this matter, using the Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities approach, by analyzing the recent scientific literature on innovation capacity in the public sector, which allowed the identification of six main factors: Leadership, Team Behavior, Collaboration, Organizational Resources, Knowledge Management, and Information Technology. This leads to the proposal of a theoretical framework of the main factors associated with innovation capacity in courts. The theoretical and practical implications of the framework are discussed, and six propositions to drive a research agenda are presented.
Lax monoidal adjunctions, two‐variable fibrations and the calculus of mates
Authors: Haugseng Rune , Hebestreit Fabian , Linskens Sil , Nuiten Joost
Published: August 2023

We provide a calculus of mates for functors to the ‐category of ‐categories and extend Lurie's unstraightening equivalences to show that (op)lax natural transformations correspond to maps of (co)cartesian fibrations that do not necessarily preserve (co)cartesian edges. As a sample application, we obtain an equivalence between lax symmetric monoidal structures on right adjoint functors and oplax symmetric monoidal structures on the left adjoint functors between symmetric monoidal ‐categories that is compatible with both horizontal and vertical composition of such structures. As the technical heart of the paper, we study various new types of fibrations over a product of two ‐categories. In particular, we show how they can be dualised over one of the two factors and how they encode functors out of the Gray tensor product of ‐categories.
Subgraph distributions in dense random regular graphs
Authors: Sah Ashwin , Sawhney Mehtaab
Published: August 2023

Given a connected graph $H$ which is not a star, we show that the number of copies of $H$ in a dense uniformly random regular graph is asymptotically Gaussian, which was not known even for $H$ being a triangle. This addresses a question of McKay from the 2010 International Congress of Mathematicians. In fact, we prove that the behavior of the variance of the number of copies of $H$ depends in a delicate manner on the occurrence and number of cycles of $3,4,5$ edges as well as paths of $3$ edges in $H$. More generally, we provide control of the asymptotic distribution of certain statistics of bounded degree which are invariant under vertex permutations, including moments of the spectrum of a random regular graph. Our techniques are based on combining complex-analytic methods due to McKay and Wormald used to enumerate regular graphs with the notion of graph factors developed by Janson in the context of studying subgraph counts in $\mathbb {G}(n,p)$.
Are physiological oscillationsphysiological?
Authors: Xiong Lingyun (Ivy) , Garfinkel Alan
Published: August 2023

Despite widespread and striking examples of physiological oscillations, their functional role is often unclear. Even glycolysis, the paradigm example of oscillatory biochemistry, has seen questions about its oscillatory function. Here, we take a systems approach to argue that oscillations play critical physiological roles, such as enabling systems to avoid desensitization, to avoid chronically high and therefore toxic levels of chemicals, and to become more resistant to noise. Oscillation also enables complex physiological systems to reconcile incompatible conditions such as oxidation and reduction, by cycling between them, and to synchronize the oscillations of many small units into one large effect. In pancreatic β‐cells, glycolytic oscillations synchronize with calcium and mitochondrial oscillations to drive pulsatile insulin release, critical for liver regulation of glucose. In addition, oscillation can keep biological time, essential for embryonic development in promoting cell diversity and pattern formation. The functional importance of oscillatory processes requires a re‐thinking of the traditional doctrine of homeostasis, holding that physiological quantities are maintained at constant equilibrium values, a view that has largely failed in the clinic. A more dynamic approach will initiate a paradigm shift in our view of health and disease. A deeper look into the mechanisms that create, sustain and abolish oscillatory processes requires the language of nonlinear dynamics, well beyond the linearization techniques of equilibrium control theory. Nonlinear dynamics enables us to identify oscillatory (‘pacemaking’) mechanisms at the cellular, tissue and system levels.

image
Work function measurement by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy: Versailles project on advanced materials and standards interlaboratory study
Authors: Kim Jeong Won , Kim Ansoon , Hwang Hui Ung , Kim Jun Hyung , Choi Seungwook , Koch Norbert , Shin Dongguen , Zhao Zhijuan , Liu Fen , Choi Minki , Lee Kyu Myung , Park Yongsup
Published: August 2023

We present the results of an interlaboratory study on work function (WF) measurements by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) conducted under the auspices of the Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards. Two samples, gold (Au) film deposited on a flat Si(100) and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), were distributed to six different laboratories. Prior to UPS measurements, the samples underwent common sample pre-cleaning procedures: wet treatment and Ar+-sputtering in a vacuum for Au, and mechanical peeling in air for HOPG. Instrumental settings are adjusted for energy-scale calibration and sample bias optimization. The average reference WF value (WFref) and its expanded uncertainty (Uref) were calculated from each dataset that participants provided. The results of the Au sample demonstrated 5.40 ± 0.13 eV after Ar+ sputtering in vacuum, while the HOPG sample showed 4.62 ± 0.16 eV after mechanical peeling-off. Even though the participants used slightly different sample bias voltages and sample cleaning methods with various instruments, the results demonstrate remarkable consistency. Their consistency among the laboratories for both samples with high and low WF values provides a basis for establishing a new international standard for UPS in the surface chemical analysis community.
Optical functions of uniaxial zinc oxide (ZnO) revisited
Authors: Jellison Gerald E.
Published: August 2023

The optical functions of uniaxial ZnO are determined from 200 to 850 nm (6.2–1.46 eV) using three different ellipsometric techniques: (1) standard spectroscopic two-modulator generalized ellipsometry (2-MGE), (2) transmission two-modulator generalized ellipsometry, and (3) near-normal incidence two modulator generalized ellipsometry microscopy (2-MGEM). The 2-MGE results in very accurate values of the dielectric functions and error estimates from 1.46 to 6.2 eV, while the transmission 2-MGE results in more accurate values of the birefringence and associated errors below the band edge where ZnO is transparent. The 2-MGEM also measures the diattenuation (which is related to the birefringence) and other parameters, but at near-normal incidence at a single wavelength (577 nm). The 2-MGEM is designed as a scanning instrument resulting in these parameters being measured over a surface.
Magic Carpet Ride: A Narrative Exploration of Disability and Adaptive Physical Activity
Authors: Busanich Rebecca , McAfee Emma
Published: August 2023

Using a narrative approach framed by social constructionism, we partnered with an adaptive physical activity (PA) program to explore the underlying meanings constructed around disability and the adaptive PA experience for individuals with a broad array of disabilities, including cognitive/intellectual, neurological, and developmental and physical. In doing so, we were able to gain new and more inclusive perspectives on the pathways between adaptive PA and health. Our results showed that the partnering adaptive PA program and its volunteers adhered primarily to a quest narrative, which was often taken up and reproduced by the adaptive PA participants and their families. The quest narrative allowed for the individuals with disabilities to reframe their sense of self-identity, revise meanings around their disability, and connect on a deeper level to the world around them, all of which led to increased feelings of joy, freedom, transformation, hope, and overall improved health-related quality of life.
Transcriptional regulation by the NSL complex enables diversification of IFT functions in ciliated versus nonciliated cells
Authors: Tsang Tsz Hong , Wiese Meike , Helmstädter Martin , Stehle Thomas , Seyfferth Janine , Shvedunova Maria , Holz Herbert , Walz Gerd , Akhtar Asifa
Published: August 2023

Members of the NSL histone acetyltransferase complex are involved in multiorgan developmental syndromes. While the NSL complex is known for its importance in early development, its role in fully differentiated cells remains enigmatic. Using a kidney-specific model, we discovered that deletion of NSL complex members KANSL2 or KANSL3 in postmitotic podocytes led to catastrophic kidney dysfunction. Systematic comparison of two primary differentiated cell types reveals the NSL complex as a master regulator of intraciliary transport genes in both dividing and nondividing cells. NSL complex ablation led to loss of cilia and impaired sonic hedgehog pathway in ciliated fibroblasts. By contrast, nonciliated podocytes responded with altered microtubule dynamics and obliterated podocyte functions. Finally, overexpression of wild-type but not a double zinc finger (ZF-ZF) domain mutant of KANSL2 rescued the transcriptional defects, revealing a critical function of this domain in NSL complex assembly and function. Thus, the NSL complex exhibits bifurcation of functions to enable diversity of specialized outcomes in differentiated cells.
Essential role of lattice oxygen in methanol electrochemical refinery toward formate
Authors: Meng Fanxu , Wu Qian , Elouarzaki Kamal , Luo Songzhu , Sun Yuanmiao , Dai Chencheng , Xi Shibo , Chen Yubo , Lin Xinlong , Fang Mingliang , Wang Xin , Mandler Daniel , Xu Zhichuan J.
Published: August 2023

Developing technologies based on the concept of methanol electrochemical refinery (e-refinery) is promising for carbon-neutral chemical manufacturing. However, a lack of mechanism understanding and material properties that control the methanol e-refinery catalytic performances hinders the discovery of efficient catalysts. Here, using
18
O isotope–labeled catalysts, we find that the oxygen atoms in formate generated during the methanol e-refinery reaction can originate from the catalysts’ lattice oxygen and the O-2p-band center levels can serve as an effective descriptor to predict the catalytic performance of the catalysts, namely, the formate production rates and Faradaic efficiencies. Moreover, the identified descriptor is consolidated by additional catalysts and theoretical mechanisms from density functional theory. This work provides direct experimental evidence of lattice oxygen participation and offers an efficient design principle for the methanol e-refinery reaction to formate, which may open up new research directions in understanding and designing electrified conversions of small molecules.
Lifetime-configurable soft robots via photodegradable silicone elastomer composites
Authors: Oh Min-Ha , Kim Young-Hwan , Lee Seung-Min , Hwang Gyeong-Seok , Kim Kyung-Sub , Kim Yoon-Nam , Bae Jae-Young , Kim Ju-Young , Lee Ju-Yong , Kim Yu-Chan , Kim Sang Yup , Kang Seung-Kyun
Published: August 2023

Developing soft robots that can control their own life cycle and degrade on-demand while maintaining hyperelasticity is a notable research challenge. On-demand degradable soft robots, which conserve their original functionality during operation and rapidly degrade under specific external stimulation, present the opportunity to self-direct the disappearance of temporary robots. This study proposes soft robots and materials that exhibit excellent mechanical stretchability and can degrade under ultraviolet light by mixing a fluoride-generating diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate with a silicone resin. Spectroscopic analysis revealed the mechanism of Si─O─Si backbone cleavage using fluoride ion (F−) and thermal analysis indicated accelerated decomposition at elevated temperatures. In addition, we demonstrated a robotics application by fabricating electronics integrated gaiting robot and a fully closed-loop trigger disintegration robot for autonomous, application-oriented functionalities. This study provides a simple yet novel strategy for designing life cycle mimicking soft robotics that can be applied to reduce soft robotics waste, explore hazardous areas, and ensure hardware security with on-demand destructive material platforms.
Cosegregation of recombinant chromatids maintains genome-wide heterozygosity in an asexual nematode
Authors: Blanc Caroline , Saclier Nathanaelle , Le Faou Ehouarn , Marie-Orleach Lucas , Wenger Eva , Diblasi Celian , Glemin Sylvain , Galtier Nicolas , Delattre Marie
Published: August 2023

In asexual animals, female meiosis is modified to produce diploid oocytes. If meiosis still involves recombination, this is expected to lead to a rapid loss of heterozygosity, with adverse effects on fitness. Many asexuals, however, have a heterozygous genome, the underlying mechanisms being most often unknown. Cytological and population genomic analyses in the nematode
Mesorhabditis belari
revealed another case of recombining asexual being highly heterozygous genome-wide. We demonstrated that heterozygosity is maintained despite recombination because the recombinant chromatids of each chromosome pair cosegregate during the unique meiotic division. A theoretical model confirmed that this segregation bias is necessary to account for the observed pattern and likely to evolve under a wide range of conditions. Our study uncovers an unexpected type of non-Mendelian genetic inheritance involving cosegregation of recombinant chromatids.
Candida auris
rates in blood culture on the rise: results of US surveillance
Authors: Noble Brooklyn A. , Jurcic Smith Kristen L. , Jones Jay D. , Galvin Ben W. , Timbrook Tristan T.
Published: August 2023

Candida auris
is an emerging pathogen that poses a significant public health risk. Its multidrug resistance has led to high mortality, making rapid detection crucial for effective treatment and prevention of transmission. Recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicate a substantial increase in
C. auris
cases in the United States, with a 95% rise in 2021. To provide an update on the detection rates of
C. auris
, we analyzed blood culture results from a near real-time cloud-based surveillance network, BioFire Trend. From January 2021 to April 2023, 34
C. auris
detections were observed. The analysis showed a notable increase in detections in 2023 compared to previous years. The detection rate in 2023 was higher in all four US Census Regions, except for the Northeast, where it remained constant. The findings emphasize the continuous rise in
C. auris
cases and highlight the importance of near real-time surveillance systems in monitoring this emerging pathogen.
Effective Hamiltonian of Topologically Protected Qubit in a Helical Crystal
Authors: Niyazov R. A. , Aristov D. N. , Kachorovskii V. Yu.
Published: August 2023

We study a superlattice formed by tunnel-coupled identical antidots periodically situated in a two-dimensional topological insulator placed in a magnetic field. The superlattice spectrum can be controlled by gate electrodes or by changing the magnetic flux through the antidots. We demonstrate that a topologically protected qubit appears at the boundary between two regions with different fluxes. The qubit properties depend on the value of the flux jump on the boundary and can be controlled by the gate voltage. We derive the effective Hamiltonian of such a qubit and analyze the dependence of its properties on the main parameters of the superlattice: the tunnel coupling between antidots, and the probability of jumps with the spin flip.
ITV-Pal programme: protocol of evaluation of the implementation of tech-volunteer programme in palliative care services
Authors: Barnestein-Fonseca Pilar , Víbora-Martín Eva , Ruiz-Torreras Inmaculada , Chapinal-Bascón Helena , Martín-Roselló Maria Luisa , Gómez-García Rafael
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Volunteer support for patients and families at the end of life provides many benefits for the beneficiaries. New technologies could be a necessary resource in the accompaniment although, if there is little literature on palliative care volunteering in general, specifically on volunteering and new technologies, we find little information on the subject.

Therefore, the aim of this study is to implement and evaluate a training program for palliative care volunteers using new technologies in order to begin accompanying patients and families in hospital or at home.

Methods and analysis

A mixed-method study design will be conducted. We will recruit 20 volunteers and 70 patients in two years. Intervention: training of volunteers in new technologies and volunteer accompaniment of patients/relatives using technologies. The control group will accompany patients as usual.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval for the ITV-Pal Programme project was granted by the Malaga Regional Research Ethics Committee. As new knowledge is gained from this project, findings will be disseminated through publications, presentations and feedback to clinicians who are participating in this study.

Trial registration number

NCT04900103.
Health seeking behaviours and private sector delivery of care for non-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Brindley Callum , Wijemunige Nilmini , Dieteren Charlotte , Bom Judith , Engel Maarten , Meessen Bruno , Bonfrer Igna
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has increased substantially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and adapting health service delivery models to address this remains a challenge. Many patients with NCD seek private care at different points in their encounters with the health system, but the determinants and outcomes of these choices are insufficiently understood. The proposed systematic review will help inform the governance of mixed health systems towards achieving the goal of universal health coverage. This protocol details our intended methodological and analytical approaches, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).

Methods and analysis

Following the PRISMA approach, this systematic review will develop a descriptive synthesis of the determinants and outcomes of private healthcare utilisation for NCDs in LMICs. The databases Embase, Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, EconLit, Global Index Medicus and Google Scholar will be searched for relevant studies published in English between period 1 January 2010 and 30 June 2022 with additional searching of reference lists. The study selection process will involve a title-abstract and full-text review, guided by clearly defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A quality and risk of bias assessment will be done for each study using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required because this review is based on data collected from publicly available materials. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at related scientific events.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022340059
Supportive care needs of patients who had a stroke: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Xu Ke , Ma Jun Yan , Zhang Xiao Yan , Sun Yu Yan , Xiao Lily Dongxia , Yan Fang , Luo Yan Yan , Tang Siyuan
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Incidences of stroke are on the rise and approximately 80 million stroke survivors worldwide live with disabilities. Supportive care needs of stroke survivors are not adequately defined, and the assessment tools to help care service providers identify these needs are unclear. The overall aim of this scoping review will be to map the supportive care needs of stroke survivors against the Supportive Care Needs Framework.

Methods and analysis

This scoping review will be conducted following Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) updated methodological guidance for scoping review. This review will mainly use Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework as the basic framework. The review will also follow JBI’s updated methodological guidance for scoping reviews to optimise the review. For the search strategy, the three-step method recommended by the JBI will be used in the study. The review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews. Six English databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library and PsycInfo, and four Chinese databases, including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and China Biomedical Literature Database will be systematically searched from inception to the present. Studies published in English and Chinese will be included.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required as this scoping review does not involve human participants. The findings shall be disseminated at scientific conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Spatial distribution of delayed initiation of antenatal care visits and associated factors among reproductive age women in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analysis of 2019 mini-demographic and health survey
Authors: Aragaw Fantu Mamo , Alem Adugnaw Zeleke , Asratie Melaku Hunie , Chilot Dagmawi , Belay Daniel Gashaneh
Published: August 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the spatial distribution, wealth-related inequality and determinants for delayed initiation of antenatal care (ANC) visits among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia.

Design

Cross-sectional study design.

Setting

Ethiopia.

Participants

A total of 2924 reproductive-age women who had given birth in the 5 years preceding the survey.

Outcome measure

Delayed initiation of ANC visits.

Results

The magnitude of delayed initiation of ANC visits among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia was 62.63% (95% CI 60.86%, 64.37%). Women aged 35–49 (AOR=1.42; 95% CI 1.04, 1.94), being protestant religion followers (AOR=1.43; 95% CI 1.06, 1.94), being in higher wealth index (AOR=0.53; 95% CI 0.41, 0.69), living in rural residence (AOR=1.50; 95% CI 1.02, 2.19) and living in the metropolitan region (AOR=0.45; 95% CI 0.26, 0.77) were significantly associated with delayed initiation of ANC visit. Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR), Somalia, Benishangul Gumuz, Southern Addis Ababa and Gambella regions were hot spot regions for delayed initiation of ANC visits. The SaTScan analysis result identified 107 primary clusters of delayed initiation of ANC visits located in regions of SNNPR, Gambella, Southern Addis Ababa, Eastern Oromia and Benishangul Gumuz.

Conclusions

Significant spatial clustering of delayed initiation of ANC visits was observed in Ethiopia. More than half of women had delayed initiation of ANC visits in Ethiopia. Women’s age, religion, wealth index, residence and region were significant predictors of delayed initiation of ANC visits. There is a disproportional pro-poor distribution of delayed initiation of ANC visits in Ethiopia. Therefore, interventions should be designed in the hot spot areas where delayed initiation of ANC visits was high to enhance the timely initiation of ANC visits.
Examination of gaze behaviour in social anxiety disorder using a virtual reality eye-tracking paradigm: protocol for a case–control study
Authors: Zeka Fatime , Clemmensen Lars , Arnfred Benjamin Thorup , Nordentoft Merete , Glenthøj Louise Birkedal
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) has an early onset, a high lifetime prevalence, and may be a risk factor for developing other mental disorders. Gaze behaviour is considered an aberrant feature of SAD. Eye-tracking, a novel technology device, enables recording eye movements in real time, making it a direct and objective measure of gaze behaviour. Virtual reality (VR) is a promising tool for assessment and diagnostic purposes. Developing an objective screening tool based on examination of gaze behaviour in SAD may potentially aid early detection. The objective of this current study is, therefore to examine gaze behaviour in SAD utilising VR.

Methods and analysis

A case–control study design is employed in which a clinical sample of 29 individuals with SAD will be compared with a matched healthy control group of 29 individuals. In the VR-based eye-tracking paradigm, participants will be presented to stimuli consisting of high-res 360° 3D stereoscopic videos of three social-evaluative tasks designed to elicit social anxiety. The study will investigate between-group gaze behaviour differences during stimuli presentation.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the National Committee on Health Research Ethics for the Capital Region of Denmark (H-22041443). The study has been preregistered on OSF registries:https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/XCTAK

All participants will be provided with written and oral information. Informed consent is required for all the participants. Participation is voluntarily, and the participants can at any time terminate their participation without any consequences. Study results; positive, negative or inconclusive will be published in relevant scientific journals.
Methods for the involvement of people living with dementia in research focused on the built environment: a protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Fahsold Anne , Roes Martina , Holle Bernhard , Kuliga Saskia
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The positive influence of a well-designed built environment in dementia-specific care has been known for several years. Many studies focusing on the built environment have captured the perspectives of people living with dementia. However, it remains unclear to what degree and with which methods these individuals have been actively involved in research especially when attempting to understand their perspective. The planned scoping review aims to (1) synthesise methods and results from research about the built environment according to active involvement of people living with dementia and (2) describe facilitators and barriers to this active involvement to capture their perspectives in research.

Methods and analysis

We will use four search strategies: (1) searches in academic databases MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL and APA PsycINFO via EBSCO, and Scopus; (2) grey literature searches via Google Scholar; (3) handsearches of non-academic environmental planning and design journals and (4) identifying other publications of key authors in the field. Additionally, backward and forward citation tracking will be performed via reference lists and Google Scholar, respectively. Relevant literature published between 2013 and 2023 will be identified for data extraction and synthesis. One researcher will perform each strategy. Title-abstract/full text-screening will be conducted using Covidence by two researchers. Results will be displayed in a table and through figures illustrating identified facilitators and barriers.

Ethics and dissemination

We raised no ethical concerns for the planned scoping review. We will prepare the findings including the identified barriers with long-term care practitioners from our network to identify how changes in practical application methods can be addressed. This dialogue can serve as a basis for including people living with dementia to discuss highlighted barriers when researching their perspectives on the built environment. The scoping review results will be reported in both academic and non-academic journals and at academic conferences.