bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corrigendum: Redescription of Nemachilichthys rueppelli, a senior synonym of N. shimogensis (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)
Authors: KESKAR ASHWINI , KUMKAR PRADEEP , KATWATE UNMESH , ALI ANVAR , RAGHAVAN RAJEEV , DAHANUKAR NEELESH
Published: May 2016

In Keskar et al. (2015) we emended the original name Cobitis rupelli Sykes, 1839, because Sykes (1839) specifically mentions that the species was named after Rüppell. The specific epithet ‘rupelli’, with a single ‘p’, is an incorrect original spelling and should be emended into ‘ruppelli’ as required by Article 32.5 (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999). However, citing Art 32.5.2.1, we also suggested that because Sykes (1839) named the species after Rüppell, the umlaut ‘ü’ should be corrected to ‘ue’ and that the specific epithet should thus be ‘rueppelli’. This is an error. Sykes (1839) did not use ‘ü’ in the original spelling of the species epithet rupelli: hence changing it to ‘ue’ is incorrect. Therefore, the correct spelling for the species should be ‘Nemachilichthys ruppelli’, a change that should be reflected in the title and in the rest of the text of Keskar et al. (2015).
Monsoon Convection in the Maritime Continent: Interaction of Large-Scale Motion and Complex Terrain
Authors: Chang Chih-Pei , Lu Mong-Ming , Lim Hock
Published: May 2016

The Asian monsoon is a planetary-scale circulation system powered by the release of latent heat, but important features of deep convection and rainfall distribution cannot be adequately represented by the large-scale patterns. This is mainly due to the strong influences of terrain that are important across a wide range of horizontal scales, especially over the Maritime Continent where the complex terrain has a dominant effect on the behavior of convective rainfall during the boreal winter monsoon. This chapter is a review and summary of published results on the effects on monsoon convection due to interactions between the Maritime Continent terrain and large-scale transient systems.

The Maritime Continent topographic features strongly affect both the demarcation of the boreal summer and winter monsoon regimes and the asymmetric seasonal marches during the transition seasons. In the western part of the region, the complex interactions that lead to variability in deep convection are primarily controlled by the cold surges and the synoptic-scale Borneo vortex. The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) reduces the frequency of weaker surges through an interference with their structure. It also influences convection, particularly on the diurnal cycle and when synoptic activities are weak. When both surges and the Borneo vortex are present, interactions between these circulations with the terrain can cause the strongest convection, which has included Typhoon Vamei (2001), which is the only observed tropical cyclone that developed within 1.5° of the equator.

The cold surges are driven by midlatitude pressure rises associated with the movement of the Siberian high. Rapid strengthening of surge northeasterly winds can be explained as the tropical response via a geostrophic adjustment process to the pressure forcing in the form of an equatorial Rossby wave group. Dispersion of meridional modes leads to a northeast–southwest orientation that allows the surge to stream downstream through the similarly oriented South China Sea. This evolution leads to a cross-equatorial return flow and a cyclonic circulation at the equator, and thus a mechanism for equatorial cyclogenesis. Although the narrow width of the southern South China Sea facilitates strengthening of the cold surge, it also severely restricts the likelihood of cyclone development so that Vamei remains to be the only typhoon observed in the equatorial South China Sea.

Climate variations from El Niño–Southern Oscillation to climate change may impact the interactions between the large-scale motion and Maritime Continent terrain because they lead to changes in the mean flow. The thermodynamic effects on the interaction between MJO and the monsoon surges and Borneo vortex over the complex terrain also need to be addressed. These and other questions such as any possible changes in the likelihood of equatorial tropical cyclogenesis as a result of climate change are all important areas for future research.
The Effects of Past Hurricane Experiences on Evacuation Intentions through Risk Perception and Efficacy Beliefs: A Mediation Analysis
Authors: Demuth Julie L. , Morss Rebecca E. , Lazo Jeffrey K. , Trumbo Craig
Published: May 2016

Individuals’ past experiences with a hazard can encompass many different aspects, which can influence how they judge and respond to a future hurricane risk. This study, which utilizes survey data from coastal residents who are at risk from hurricanes, adds to understanding of past hazard experience in two ways. First, it examines six different aspects of people’s past hurricane experiences and the relationships among them. Then, it draws on risk theories of behavioral responses to explore how these different experiences influence people’s evacuation intentions for a hypothetical hurricane as mediated through multiple dimensions of risk perception (cognitive, negative affective) and efficacy beliefs (self efficacy, response efficacy). The results suggest that people can experience emotional or otherwise severe impacts from a hurricane even if they do not have experiences with evacuation, property damage, or financial loss. The results also reveal that different past hurricane experiences operated through different combinations of mediating variables to influence evacuation intentions. Some of these processes enhanced intentions; for instance, experience with evacuation, financial loss, or emotional impacts heightened negative affective risk perceptions, which increased evacuation intentions. Other processes dampened evacuation intentions; for instance, people with past hurricane-related emotional impacts had lower self efficacy, which decreased evacuation intentions. In some cases, these enhancing and dampening processes competed. Exploring people’s different past weather experiences and the mechanisms by which they can influence future behaviors is important for more deeply understanding populations at risk and how they respond to weather threats.
The Impact of Neighborhood Context on Spatiotemporal Patterns of Burglary
Authors: Nobles Matt R. , Ward Jeffrey T. , Tillyer Rob
Published: May 2016

Objectives:

Examine how neighborhoods vary in the degree to which they experience repeat/near repeat crime patterns and whether theoretical constructs representing neighborhood-level context, including social ecology and structural attributes, can explain variation in single incidents and those linked in space and time.

Methods:

Examine social, structural, and environmental design covariates from the American Community Survey to assess the context of near repeat burglary at the block group level. Spatially lagged negative binomial regression models were estimated to assess the relative contribution of these covariates on single and repeat/near repeat burglary counts.

Results:

Positive and consistent association between concentrated disadvantage and racial heterogeneity and all types of burglaries was evident, although the effects for other indicators, including residential instability, family disruption, and population density, varied across classifications of single and repeat/near repeat burglaries.

Conclusions:

Repeat/near repeat burglary patterns are conditional on the overall level and specific dimensions of disorganization, holding implications for offender-focused as well as community-focused explanations. This study contributes greater integration between the study of empirically observed patterns of repeats and community-based theories of crime, including collective efficacy.
A qualitative evaluation of the Scottish Staff and Associate Specialist Development Programme
Authors: Cleland Jennifer , Burr Jacqueline , Johnston Peter
Published: May 2016

Background and Aims

The continued professional development of staff and associate specialist doctors in the UK was ill served prior to the introduction of the new staff and associate specialist doctor’s contract in 2008. The aim of this study was to independently evaluate NHS Education for Scotland’s approach to improving professional development for staff and associate specialist doctors, the staff and associate specialist Professional Development Fund.

Methods

Semi-structured telephone interviews with key stakeholders, framed by a realistic approach to evaluate what works, for whom and in how and under what circumstances. An inductive and data-driven thematic analysis was carried out and then the realist framework was applied to the data.

Results

We interviewed 22 key stakeholders: staff and associate specialist doctors, staff and associate specialist educational advisors, programme architects and clinical directors, between end February and May 2014. The resultant data indicated five broad themes: organisational barriers to continued professional development for staff and associate specialist doctors, the purpose of funding, gains from funding, the need for better communication about the staff and associate specialist Programme Development Fund, and the interplay between individual and systems factors.

Conclusion

The staff and associate specialist Programme Development Fund has changed the opportunities available to staff and associate specialist doctors in Scotland and, in that sense, has changed the context for this group – or at least those who have realised the opportunities.
Integral Ecology as a Liberationist Concept
Authors: Castillo Daniel P.
Published: May 2016

The concept of integral ecology is at the center of Pope Francis’s call for the renewal of our common home. However, throughout Laudato Si’, this concept remains somewhat under-defined. In this article, I clarify both the structural and qualitative dimensions of Francis’s concept by demonstrating the ways in which it aligns with Gustavo Gutiérrez’s classic concept of integral liberation. In so doing, I argue that through the concept of “integral ecology” Francis calls for the radical conversion of the political and cultural dimensions of the global system, a metanoia that he roots in a vision of God’s desire for humanity and the earth.
“Red, White, Yellow, Blue, All Out but You”
Authors: Skvoretz John , Bailey Jasmón L.
Published: May 2016

Teams are ubiquitous in contemporary business, government, health care, and education settings; hence, the process of team formation is worth close examination. We propose models based in expectation states theory for the probability that a particular candidate (or subset of candidates) is selected from a pool of potential team members who are differentiated along diffuse status characteristics. The candidates may be equally qualified in other respects, but the ways in which they differ will be activated under specified conditions and influence their chances of selection. We use the “motherhood penalty” literature to illustrate the model and the inferences it affords. Our concluding discussion notes that although a step forward in understanding team selection, the model cannot be the whole story as “suitability,” a legitimate consideration in the team formation process, is unaddressed by an expectation states based model focused solely on attributions of competence as the drivers of teammate choice.
Counseling gifted children in Singapore
Authors: Yeo Lay See , Pfeiffer Steven I
Published: May 2016

Gifted education (GE) in Singapore is entering its third decade. However, local research into the gifted is typically undertaken by graduate students and left as unpublished data. Internationally, there is also very little if any research on counseling models that have been empirically validated for use with gifted children irrespective of their country of origin and cultural experience. This article serendipitously originated from the second author’s visit to Singapore as a consulting scholar and his discussions with personnel at the Singapore Education Ministry’s GE Branch and interactions with local teachers and parents of gifted children. Drawing on the published wisdom of clinical experts and the second author who have provided counseling for gifted children, and the first author’s knowledge about Asian culture and educational context in Singapore, the article proposes an evidence-based counseling model that could serve the needs of gifted children in Singapore and possibly other Asian countries.
Re-colonising the Arctic: The preparation of spatial planning policy in Murmansk Oblast, Russia
Authors: Kinossian Nadir
Published: May 2016

The Russian state is strengthening its positions in the Arctic in order to exploit its resources, develop transport routes, and reverse depopulation trends in the country's northern regions. The ambitions of the Russian state to ‘recolonise’ the Arctic pose questions about the role of the region in the policy-making process dominated by the central state and the emerging geography of the Arctic. This article analyses these relationships using Murmansk Oblast’ as a case study. It argues that (i) there is a shift in Russia's Arctic policy – from withdrawal to re-engagement via mega-projects in energy and transport infrastructure sectors. Changes in global energy markets suggest that Arctic expansionism driven by energy projects is not sustainable; (ii) the policy framework remains incoherent as the central state revises its priorities; (iii) within the emerging polity, regions are neither ‘transmission belts’ of national policy nor independent players; instead, regions such as Murmansk Oblast’ are produced via multiscalar processes of policy making, institutionalisation, and discursive practices.
Educational rights for learners with vision impairment in UAE higher education institutions: Addressing the gap between Federal Law No. (29), 2006, and the reality of practice
Authors: Alhammadi Muna
Published: May 2016

This study explored the relationship between Federal Law No. (29), 2006, of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), concerning the rights of persons with disabilities and the reality of practice for learners with vision impairment (LWVI) in the higher education institutions in that country. The study investigated the extent to which this law meets the educational needs of tertiary LWVI and the effects of this law on the quality of support services provided to such learners. Three groups totalling 34 participants took part in this study: LWVI, support staff working at some universities, and administrators from the country’s Ministries of Education and Higher Education. Qualitative methods were implemented to collect and analyse data for this research. Interviews, observations, and documentary evidence were used to conduct the study. Data for this study were gathered during the academic years 2010–2011 and 2012–2013. Moreover, the author used her own perspective as a person with vision impairment who studied and worked at different educational institutions in the UAE to provide an insight into the data analysis. Results of the study can assist decision-makers at the Ministry of Social Affairs in the UAE to review and develop the articles relating to this area of education policy set down in Federal Law No. (29), 2006, in such a way as to meet the educational needs of such learners. It can also assist universities in the country in providing better access to higher education for learners with visual impairment.
‘Access to learning’ and ‘learning to access’: Analysing the distinctive role of specialist teachers of children and young people with vision impairments in facilitating curriculum access through an ecological systems theory
Authors: McLinden Michael , Douglas Graeme , Cobb Rory , Hewett Rachel , Ravenscroft John
Published: May 2016

The move towards greater inclusive practice in recent years has resulted in significant changes in curriculum design, delivery and support for children and young people with vision impairments, including increasing placement in settings not designated for pupils with vision impairments. Within these settings, pupils will participate in most curriculum areas alongside their sighted peers with support provided by a range of practitioners including a specialist teacher of children and young people with vision impairments. This article is concerned with analysing the distinctive function and role of the specialist teacher across settings in helping to facilitate an appropriate balance of curriculum ‘access’. Drawing upon recent work in this area, a dual model of access is presented as a means of illustrating the specialist teacher’s role in (1) ensuring that the child’s environment is structured to promote learning throughout their education (‘access to learning’) and (2) supporting the child to learn distinctive skills in order to afford more independent learning (‘learning to access’). While it can be challenging for specialist teachers to find the balance between these two roles, its importance is highlighted in literature which associates independence skills with positive employment outcomes. An ecological systems theory is used as a lens through which to conceptualise and navigate the issues teachers negotiate in facilitating an appropriate curriculum balance. We illustrate the multi-faceted role of the specialist teacher in providing support ‘within’ and ‘between’ the different ‘systems’ within this theoretical framework with a particular focus on the professional ‘standards’ that are used in England and Scotland, respectively. The article is original in being the first to examine the role of the specialist teacher of children and young people with vision impairments through such an analysis. In providing a theoretical framework and related vocabulary illustrated with examples from practice, it therefore has significance for educators and researchers concerned with facilitating curriculum access across national contexts and educational settings in order to reduce future barriers to learning and participation.
Bereavement outcomes: A quantitative survey identifying risk factors in informal carers bereaved through cancer
Authors: Roulston Audrey , Campbell Anne , Cairnduff Victoria , Fitzpatrick Deirdre , Donnelly Conan , Gavin Anna
Published: May 2016

Background:

Enabling patients to die in their preferred place is important but achieving preferred place of death may increase the informal carer’s risk into bereavement.

Aim:

To determine risk factors of family carers bereaved through cancer in Northern Ireland.

Design:

These results form part of a larger QUALYCARE-NI study which used postal questionnaires to capture quantitative data on carer’s bereavement scores using the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief.

Setting/participants:

Participants were individuals who registered the death of a person between 1 December 2011 and 31 May 2012; where cancer (defined by ICD10 codes C00-D48) was the primary cause; where the deceased was over 18 years of age and death occurred at home, hospice, nursing home or hospital in Northern Ireland. Participants were approached in confidence by the Demography and Methodology Branch of the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Those wishing to decline participation were invited to return the reply slip. Non-responders received a second questionnaire 6 weeks after initial invitation. Results indicated that risk factors positively influencing bereavement outcomes included patients having no preference for place of death and carers remaining in employment pre- or post-bereavement. In contrast, patients dying in hospital, carers stopping work, being of lower socio-economic status and close kinship to the deceased negatively affected bereavement scores. Family carers should be adequately supported to continue in employment; priority should be given to assessing the financial needs of families from lower socio-economic areas; and bereavement support should focus on close relatives of the deceased.
Non-signalling energy use in the developing rat brain
Authors: Engl Elisabeth , Jolivet Renaud , Hall Catherine N , Attwell David
Published: May 2016

Energy use in the brain constrains its information processing power, but only about half the brain's energy consumption is directly related to information processing. Evidence for which non-signalling processes consume the rest of the brain's energy has been scarce. For the first time, we investigated the energy use of the brain's main non-signalling tasks with a single method. After blocking each non-signalling process, we measured oxygen level changes in juvenile rat brain slices with an oxygen-sensing microelectrode and calculated changes in oxygen consumption throughout the slice using a modified diffusion equation. We found that the turnover of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton, followed by lipid synthesis, are significant energy drains, contributing 25%, 22% and 18%, respectively, to the rate of oxygen consumption. In contrast, protein synthesis is energetically inexpensive. We assess how these estimates of energy expenditure relate to brain energy use in vivo, and how they might differ in the mature brain.
Veterinary Forensic Pathology of Animal Sexual Abuse
Authors: Stern A. W. , Smith-Blackmore M.
Published: May 2016

Animal sexual abuse (ASA) involves harm inflicted on animals for the purposes of human sexual gratification and includes such terms as bestiality, zoophilia, zoosadism, animal sexual assault, and others. The prevalence of ASA is not known, although it may be more common than is currently perceived. Veterinarians have the skills required to identify and document cases of ASA. This article reviews the terminology, legal definitions and forms of ASA, and its social and psychological context. An investigative approach is outlined, including an alternate light source examination; collection of swabs for DNA analysis; sampling vaginal washes, rectal washes, and toenails for trace evidence and biologic analyses; radiographic studies; and a complete forensic necropsy, including histopathology. Gross lesions identified in ASA victims include injuries to the anus, rectum, penis, scrotum, nipples, and vagina; the presence of foreign bodies; and abrasions, bruising, and other evidence of nonaccidental injury. Specialized procedures, including examination using alternate light sources and screening tests to identify human seminal fluid within samples from ASA victims, are of potential value but have not been validated for use in animals.
The Failure of Failure: on Constructivism, the Limits of Critique, and the Socio-Political Economy of Economics
Authors: Kessler Oliver
Published: May 2016

This article explores the relevance of failure for constructivism. Starting from the constructivist focus on ‘language in use’, it conceptualises ‘failure’ as a concept rather than as an observed end or result. Instead of explaining or understanding some empirical failure, the primary questions now become how this concept is being used, and what performative consequences can be observed from this use. As such, the article’s first section develops three ‘uses’ or ‘notions’ of failure: failure as a ‘wrong representation’ of an objectively given reality; failure to produce an inter-subjective understanding that allows actors ‘to go on’; and failure as ‘mode of organisation’ that highlights its discursive grammar, or rules of formation, and the importance of social imaginaries grounding this process. The article’s second section then reconstructs the performance of ‘failure’ in the context of global finance and shows how the market, as a social imaginary, determines questions of authority and expertise. In doing so, this article points to the need for a socio-political economic analysis of economics, and the performance of its concepts, models, and assumptions.
Conceptualising energy prosumption: Exploring energy production, consumption and microgeneration in Scotland, UK
Authors: Ellsworth-Krebs Katherine , Reid Louise
Published: May 2016

Energy prosumption has become a common phrase as more householders and communities are producing and consuming their own electricity and heat. Prosumption is a combination of two words: production and consumption, and emerged as a concept at a time when consumers were beginning to be more proactive and take over steps traditionally thought of as ‘production’. In many ways, energy prosumption is nothing new (e.g. wood combustion), yet development of our modern energy system has changed the relationships between energy producers and consumers (e.g. smart meters, renewable energy production). Thus, there is a growing body of research interested in the motivation and conditions for the uptake of microgeneration technologies and the implications to energy infrastructures and big energy producers. However, this ‘energy prosumption’ scholarship generally lacks a strong conceptual foundation and misses the opportunity to build on existing prosumption literature and related debates. This paper brings the wealth of literature on prosumption into the energy context and reflects on the insights offered by a prosumption lens. Our study explores a particular manifestation of prosumption – when a household is simultaneously a producer and consumer of their heat and/or electricity via microgeneration – and we present data from semi-structured interviews with 28 households living with microgeneration technologies in Scotland, UK. Thus, we provide a robust framework from which future research on household and community energy prosumption can build.
Pharmacoeconomy of drugs used in the treatment of actinic keratoses
Authors: Nisticò S , Torchia V , Gliozzi M , Bottoni U , Del Duca E , Muscoli C
Published: May 2016

Actinic keratosis (AK) represents an emerging issue in the area of skin diseases which undergo high risk for developing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Recently, evidence has been accumulated that 3% diclofenac sodium and ingenol mubetate may efficiently counteract the development of progressive AK even if the pharmacoeconomic impact of such a treatment remains poorly defined. With the objective of assessing the efficacy of 3% diclofenac sodium versus ingenol mebutate, a comparative cost-efficacy analysis was performed between both pharmacological treatments. In the present analysis, data of efficacy of clinical studies were combined with information on the quality of life associated with AK lesions based on available literature data. Furthermore, the cost associated with the management of these lesions in Italy has been taken into account. To this purpose, we carried out a literature survey on the clinical and economic data among clinical reports available in Italy based on the assessment of related expenditure of public resources and their relationship with the subsequent health benefits.
Fuzzy coordinated control of contact constraint problem for robot system with compliant actuators
Authors: Wei Dunwen , Ge Wenjie
Published: May 2016

A robot system would inevitably cause unpredictable collisions in an unknown or unstructured environment. In this paper, the controllability conditions of a general robot system with compliant actuators are proposed to judge and assess the contact constraints based on Port-based Hamiltonian. In order to satisfy the proposed controllability conditions, one fuzzy coordinated control method inspired from the pathfinding of a blind or normal person in dark environment is proposed to deal with the problem of contact constraint. This method achieves velocity–torque combined control without using force or vision sensors compared with conventional methods. Finally, the experiments validate the feasibility of the controllability conditions to deal with contact constraint problems. The results show that the fuzzy coordinated controller can work more efficiently and effectively to detect and respond to contact constraints compared with the proposed proportional control.
Experimental determination of dynamic system simulation parameters for a bearingless rotating-field axial-force/torque motor
Authors: Bauer Walter , Freudenthaler Paul , Gruber Wolfgang , Amrhein Wolfgang
Published: May 2016

The dynamic system simulation and the control design process of the new developed bearingless rotating-field axial-force/torque motor (AFTM) requires an augmented state-space framework for mathematical system description. After a short summary of this framework, the main focus of this paper concentrates on the model parameterization using state-of-the-art drive gauging procedures. A direct comparison features minor deviations between magnetostatic finite element analysis simulation results and available measurement data. Moreover, a closed-loop control concept for concurrent axial position stabilization and vector drive control of AFTMs is proposed. The quality of the closed-loop control system simulation is reviewed using relevant measurements of the functional prototype. A presentation of the disassembled prototype and a summary of its performance data concludes this paper.
The shifting contours of collective bargaining in the manufacturing sector in the Republic of Ireland: Government, employer and union responses since the economic crisis
Authors: Hickland Eugene , Dundon Tony
Published: May 2016

This article examines the responses of the industrial relations actors to the economic crisis in Ireland and the impact on collective bargaining. The data were collected at national, sectoral and workplace levels. We find the existence of both change and continuity, with increased diversity in collective bargaining in manufacturing, including a distinct shift to enterprise bargaining shaped by the capacity of management and local union representatives to adapt to wider pressures. We consider the implications for government, employers and unions.
Changes in patterns of biodiversity of marine mollusks along the Brazilian coast during the late Holocene inferred from shell-mound (sambaquis) data
Authors: Souza Rosa CCL , Lima Tania A , Duarte Michelle Rezende , Silva Edson P
Published: May 2016

An archaeological dimension expands the concept of biodiversity by generating long-term perspectives, combining multiple approaches and methodologies to enhance understanding of environmental changes. Aiming to investigate the patterns of biodiversity of marine mollusks over time, a comparison was made between three sets of archaeological sites (shellmounds) located in three geographic areas of the south-southeastern Brazilian coast. Sites dated between 1000–2000 and 4000–5000 yr BP were analyzed. A total of 37 bivalves and 26 gastropods were recorded. To describe the malacological community two indices of taxonomic diversity were used: average taxonomic distinctness and variation in taxonomic distinctness. The results showed a tendency of reduction in biodiversity patterns in the last 5000 years measured as average taxonomic distinctness. The observed reduction in biodiversity does not seem to be directly related to climate change over the period and there is a lack of data which could demonstrate any association between reduction in biodiversity and cultural causes such as preferences, technical level or food taboos of the prehistoric human populations. On the other hand, changes in sea level during this period are well documented and have been responsible for dramatic changes along the coast of this region. Therefore, it is likely that it could have affected local biodiversity and caused the observed pattern.
Variations in the use of intertexts at the macro-contextual level: The case of English press news
Authors: Shie Jian-Shiung
Published: May 2016

An intertext (e.g. Home Smart Home) adopts or adapts an earlier source text (e.g. Home Sweet Home) in such a way that the intertextual meaning can be constructed or appreciated in terms of the source text. This article explores variations in the use of intertexts across six English newspapers in different macro contexts. Drawn from the six newspapers were 1,681 full-length news stories, from which 253 intertexts were identified. The ensuing intertextual and macro-contextual analyses of the identified intertexts show that (i) they were largely situated in the context of a large newspaper for speakers of English as a native/official language, (ii) the most adaptable intertextual sources are formulaic expressions, media products, and literary and scholarly works, (iii) intertexts tend to appear in salient discourse units (namely, the headline, lead, and coda) to realize a pragmatic act, and (iv) formal intertexts find greater affordance of playfulness in salient discourse units and in native-speaking contexts than the other intertexts. The survey and analyses have shed some light on the affordance between intertexts and their macro contexts.
A corpus-stylistic approach to Dickens’ use of speech verbs: Beyond mere reporting
Authors: Ruano San Segundo Pablo
Published: May 2016

The creation of Dickens’ most memorable characters is partly a result of his talent for endowing them with individual voices and characteristic turns of speech. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the role played by the speech verbs that gloss his characters’ words and the functions they may fulfil. The fact that the characterising potential of these speech verbs has previously been overlooked may be due to their dispersal through the texts and the difficulty of carrying out a close analysis of their role and functions. The use of a corpus methodology allows the systematic retrieval of these verbs and reveals how Dickens consistently uses particular verbs to report the speech of particular characters, thus further projecting character traits. This practice is not an isolated phenomenon but, as an analysis of Dickens’ 14 major completed novels shows, an important stylistic device in his works.
The State of Play: Critical sociological insights into recent ‘Sport for Development and Peace’ research
Authors: Darnell Simon C , Chawansky Megan , Marchesseault David , Holmes Matthew , Hayhurst Lyndsay
Published: May 2016

The maturation of the field of ‘Sport for Development and Peace’ (SDP) is reflected in the growing number of research publications on the topic. This article focuses on a recent review of English-language research publications on SDP from 2000–2014 conducted by Schulenkorf et al. (2016. Sport for development: an integrated literature review. Journal of Sport Management 30: 22–39). We attempt to extend the analysis of current SDP research offered by Schulenkorf et al. through an exploration of the sociological implications of their key findings. In particular, we offer critical sociological commentary on key insights regarding the conceptualization of SDP; the dominant theoretical perspectives used in SDP research; the methodology and dissemination of SDP research and the demographics of researchers and research teams. In so doing, we seek to encourage critical reflection and practical considerations for scholars interested in the critical sociological analysis of SDP.
Analytical model of lap-joint adhesive with embedded piezoelectric transducer for weak bond detection
Authors: Dugnani Roberto , Chang Fu-Kuo
Published: May 2016

In recent years, the aerospace and automotive industries experienced a growing interest in the implementation of structural members’ bonding using adhesive films. Adhesive joints contribute to manufacturing savings and are advantageous from a structural prospective as they provide a relatively uniform stress distribution at the bonded region, hence reducing local stress concentration. Regretfully, the adhesive bonds’ strength is vulnerable to the presence of defects which limits their use for structural purposes. A particularly dangerous class of defects—generically referred to as “kissing bond”—consists of localized imperfections that do not provide adequate bonding between the adherent and the adhesive yet maintaining the two surfaces in contact. Past attempts at detecting kissing bonds using ultrasonics were only marginally successful stressing the need to search for more reliable methods. This article describes a novel, in situ, impedance-based method for bond-line degradation detection during the service life of a structure. The method relies on piezoelectric transducers embedded within the adhesive bond-line and actuated by a low-voltage harmonic signal. The article focuses on deriving an approximate analytical model describing the dynamic behavior of the actuator embedded in the homogeneous bond-line. A study describing the sensitivity of the electro-mechanical response of the transducer to the changes in various bond-line properties and adhesion conditions is also presented.
Innovation Implementation as a Dynamic Equilibrium: Emergent Processes and Divergent Outcomes
Authors: Chung Goo Hyeok , Choi Jin Nam
Published: May 2016

Innovation literature typically postulates a linear and institution-driven implementation process that leads to bifurcated outcomes (i.e., acceptance or rejection) of innovation. Adopting a grounded theory approach and a social constructionist perspective, we explore dynamic, interactive implementation processes unfolding over time; these processes generate divergent and often unexpected outcomes. The present qualitative analysis of 40 cases of innovation reveals that two competing forces shape the implementation process. As initiators of innovation implementation, top managers form a driving force and introduce various tactics to facilitate implementation. Resistors or individuals against innovation form a resisting force and organize various schemes to inhibit implementation. The relative strengths of driving and resisting forces lead to four different patterns of implementation, namely, implementation without change, modified implementation, minimal implementation, and implementation failure. Dynamic interactions between initiators and resistors shift implementation outcomes by changing the perceptions of followers with regard to innovation characteristics. The resulting theoretical framework highlights the political nature of innovation implementation and indicates the need to consider socioeconomic and sociopolitical dynamics involving multiple organizational actors.
Neurofibromatosis Type 1–Associated Inflammatory Polyp of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Goto Keisuke , Hirosaki Takuya , Masubuchi Mariko
Published: May 2016

The entity known as “juvenile-like (inflammatory/hyperplastic) mucosal polyps of the gastrointestinal tract in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)” was recently proposed, but is not well known. Here, we describe the characteristics of this entity in a surgically resected case. The hemorrhagic 2 × 1 cm–sized polyp was resected from the ascending colon of a 55-year-old male NF1 patient. The polyp was composed of characteristic multiple mucosal protrusions and submucosal elements that included vasculopathic changes. Histologically, this lesion was similar to an inflammatory fibroid polyp rather than juvenile or hyperplastic polyps. This disease could be a distinct entity, and “inflammatory vasculopathic polyp” would be a suitable name.
Business Model Innovation for Inclusive Health Care Delivery at the Bottom of the Pyramid
Authors: Angeli Federica , Jaiswal Anand Kumar
Published: May 2016

This article investigates business models innovation for delivering health care at the base of the pyramid (BoP). The examination of six health care organizational cases suggests that co-creation of patient needs, community engagement, continuous involvement of customers, innovative medical technology, focus on human resources for health, strategic partnerships, economies of scale, and cross-subsidization are business model innovation strategies that enable inclusive health care delivery. Based on these findings, we propose a four-dimensional framework. A process of value discovery, leading BoP patients and communities to recognize a health need and seek for an acceptable treatment, precedes the identification of a successful value proposition. Value creation and value appropriation then follow to warrant patient affordability and organizational sustainability. A “business model mechanism” for BoP health care hence emerges, where interdependencies among these dimensions are highlighted. This article sheds new light on how market-based approaches can improve equitable health care access and hence contribute to poverty alleviation.
Characterization of a Mouse Model of Oral Potassium Cyanide Intoxication
Authors: Sabourin Patrick J. , Kobs Christina L. , Gibbs Seth T. , Hong Peter , Matthews Claire M. , Patton Kristen M. , Sabourin Carol L. , Wakayama Edgar J.
Published: May 2016

Potassium cyanide (KCN) is an inhibitor of cytochrome C oxidase causing rapid death due to hypoxia. A well-characterized model of oral KCN intoxication is needed to test new therapeutics under the Food and Drug Administration Animal Rule. Clinical signs, plasma pH and lactate concentrations, biomarkers, histopathology, and cyanide and thiocyanate toxicokinetics were used to characterize the pathology of KCN intoxication in adult and juvenile mice. The acute oral LD50s were determined to be 11.8, 11.0, 10.9, and 9.9 mg/kg in water for adult male, adult female, juvenile male, and juvenile female mice, respectively. The time to death was rapid and dose dependent; juvenile mice had a shorter mean time to death. Juvenile mice displayed a more rapid onset and higher incidence of seizures. The time to observance of respiratory signs and prostration was rapid, but mice surviving beyond 2 hours generally recovered fully within 8 hours. At doses up to the LD50, there were no gross necropsy or microscopic findings clearly attributed to administration of KCN in juvenile or adult CD-1 mice from 24 hours to 28 days post-KCN challenge. Toxicokinetic analysis indicated rapid uptake, metabolism, and clearance of plasma cyanide. Potassium cyanide caused a rapid, dose-related decrease in blood pH and increase in serum lactate concentration. An increase in fatty acid-binding protein 3 was observed at 11.5 mg/kg KCN in adult but not in juvenile mice. These studies provide a characterization of KCN intoxication in adult and juvenile mice that can be used to screen or conduct preclinical efficacy studies of potential countermeasures.
Quinapril decreases antifibrinolytic and prooxidative potential of propofol in arterial thrombosis in hypertensive rats
Authors: Wojewodzka-Zelezniakowicz Marzena , Kisiel Wioleta , Kramkowski Karol , Gromotowicz-Poplawska Anna , Zakrzeska Agnieszka , Stankiewicz Adrian , Kolodziejczyk Patrycjusz , Szemraj Janusz , Ladny Jerzy Robert , Chabielska Ewa
Published: May 2016

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and propofol both exert hypotensive action and may affect hemostasis. We investigated the influence of quinapril and propofol on hemodynamics and hemostasis in renal-hypertensive rats with induced arterial thrombosis. Two-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats were treated with quinapril (3.0 mg/kg for 10 days), and then received propofol infusion (15 mg/kg/h) during ongoing arterial thrombosis. The hemodynamic and hemostatic parameters were assayed. Quinapril exerted a hypotensive effect increasing after propofol infusion. Quinapril showed an antithrombotic effect with the platelet adhesion reduction, fibrinolysis enhancement and oxidative stress reduction. Propofol did not influence thrombosis; however, it inhibited fibrinolysis and showed prooxidative action. The effect of propofol on fibrinolysis and oxidative stress was significantly lower in quinapril-pretreated rats. Mortality was increased among rats treated with both drugs together. Our study demonstrates that pretreatment with quinapril reduced the adverse effects of propofol on hemostasis. Unfortunately, co-administration of both drugs potentiated hypotension in rats, which corresponds to higher mortality.
Artificial noise systems for parametric studies of turbo-machinery aero-acoustics
Authors: Sutliff Daniel L , Walker Bruce E
Published: May 2016

The study of turbo-machinery aero-acoustics encompasses source generation, duct propagation, and radiation to the far field for the purposes of physical understanding, evaluation, and noise reduction. Further, the acoustics subset can be divided into overall, broadband, or tone emphasis. Ultimately, assessments on full-scale turbofans are required. However, for isolating specific effects, or for costs reasons, it is useful to test models. These models may be scaled versions of turbofan components depending on the physical process of interest. The advantage of using models is the lower cost allows for a wider range of conditions to be studied. Even so, the cost of manufacturing and testing scale model fans in mid-technology readiness level can be limiting. A potentially useful supplement to turbo-machinery aero-acoustics studies is the use of artificial sources to generate acoustic signatures. The advantage is that a wide range of signatures can be quickly and efficiently studied, particularly useful for noise reduction concepts, or validating prediction methodologies that are sensitive to variations in geometry or acoustic signature. A disadvantage is the lack of the ability to study source generation. This trade-off must be considered carefully when deciding on the usefulness of utilizing fan artificial noise sources for the study of turbo-machinery aero-acoustics. This paper presents two test articles that have contributed to turbo-machinery aero-acoustics studies. One is a 48 in. diameter duct (nominally full-scale) generating acoustic signatures in the audible range; the second is a 6 in. diameter duct (nominally scaled) generating acoustic signatures in the ultrasonic range.
Open rotor interaction noise reduction through front rotor wake modification
Authors: Delattre G , Falissard F , Vion L , Jacquin L
Published: May 2016

The use of a single optimized bump placed on the leading edge of the front blade of a counter rotating open rotor is envisaged as passive device to reduce the interaction noise at low-speed and high-thrust condition, such as takeoff. This noise reduction device is to be considered as an alternative to rear blade cropping and its penalizing effect on efficiency in cruise condition. The modified front rotor blades provide an acoustic gain that has been linked to the changes on the characteristics of the front rotor wake. The front blade modification has no strong impact on the aerodynamic performance for both takeoff and cruise operating points.
Successful Treatment of a Subclavian Artery Stenosis With a Coronary Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold
Authors: Giordano Arturo , Messina Stefano , Biondi-Zoccai Giuseppe
Published: May 2016

Purpose: To report the use of a coronary bioresorbable vascular scaffold to treat subclavian artery disease. Case Report: A 58-year-old man was admitted for left subclavian steal syndrome. Angiography showed significant left subclavian stenosis in proximity to the ostium of the left vertebral artery. To maximize radial support and minimize restenosis risk while avoiding the chance of vertebral compromise, a coronary bioresorbable vascular scaffold (3.5×28 mm) was implanted after predilation. The device was postdilated with a 1.0-mm oversized balloon, with immediate improvement in hemodynamics and symptoms. Two-year clinical and imaging follow-up confirmed vessel patency. Conclusion: This clinical vignette highlights the flexibility and potential of bioresorbable devices for endovascular specialists and calls for further development and use of this innovative technology.